text:
engineer
inventor
glider pilot
Bachelor of Applied Science
Mechanical Engineering
University of Waterloo
glider pilot license
pilot license
Canada
United States
World Gliding Championships
West Chester, Pennsylvania
Mark D. Maughmer
aerospace engineering
Pennsylvania State University
winglets
sailplane
Richard T. Whitcomb
NASA
gliding competitions
World Gliding Championships
Uvalde, Texas
trailer
Schempp-Hirth Ventus
wing
tailplane
composite
S-glass
torsion box
spar
kevlar
boundary layer
laminar
flow separation
cambered
lift coefficient
Ventus 2
Mifflin County Airport
syncline
Tussey Mountain
Alexandria, Pennsylvania
stall
spin
Emergency Locator Transmitter
search and rescue
FAI
Schleicher ASW 20
Ridge Soaring Gliderport
Soaring Society of America
Dick Johnson
Wil Schuemann
George B. Moffat, Jr.
Richard Schreder
mechanical engineering
petroleum industry

categories: Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States,American aviators,1957 births,American non-fiction writers,Gliding in the United States,2004 deaths,Aviation writers,Accidental deaths in Pennsylvania,Glider pilots

paragraph: Peter Masak

paragraph: Peter C. Masak (August 17, 1957 – May 22, 2004) was an engineer, inventor, and glider pilot. He graduated with a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in May 1981 from the University of Waterloo, Ontario Canada. He earned his glider pilot license at the age of 16 and his power pilot license at the age of 18, the minimum ages for both. Peter was a Canadian soaring record holder and represented Canada and later the United States in the World Gliding Championships. He logged almost 2000 hours of glider flight time. He was living in West Chester, Pennsylvania with his wife Adrienne and their three children when he died.

paragraph: Section::::Winglets.

paragraph: In 1987, Peter Masak, worked together with Mark D. Maughmer, an associate professor of aerospace engineering at the Pennsylvania State University, to design winglets for his racing sailplane to improve performance. Others had attempted to apply Richard T. Whitcomb's NASA winglets to gliders before, and they did improve climb performance, but this did not offset the parasite drag penalty in high speed cruise. Masak was convinced it was possible to overcome this hurdle.

paragraph: By trial and error, they developed successful winglet designs for gliding competitions. At the 1991 World Gliding Championships in Uvalde, Texas, the trophy for the highest speed went to a glider with Masak's winglets. Masak went on to win the 1993 U.S. 15 Meter Nationals gliding competition using winglets on his prototype Scimitar sailplane.

paragraph: The Masak winglets were originally retrofit to production sailplanes, but within 10 years of their introduction, most high-performance gliders were equipped from the factory with winglets. It took over a decade for winglets to first appear on a production airliner, the original application that was the focus of the NASA development in the 1970s. Yet, once the advantages of winglets were proven in competition, adoption was swift with gliders. The point difference between the winner and the runner-up in soaring competition is often less than one percent, so even a small improvement in efficiency is a large competitive advantage.

paragraph: Many non-competition pilots installed Masak's winglets for the handling benefits as well. The benefits are notable, because sailplane winglets must be removable to allow the glider to be stored in a trailer, so they are usually installed only at the pilots' preference. Today, following on the work of Masak and Maughmer, new glider wings are designed concurrently with the winglet, achieving higher efficiency than retrofitted winglets, with drag less than the theoretical minimum for a fully elliptical wing of the same span.

paragraph: Section::::Scimitar sailplane.

paragraph: Peter Masak was the designer and builder of the Scimitar sailplane prototype, based on the Schempp-Hirth Ventus. It employed many of his design modifications, including a completely new wing and tailplane. The composite wing used a flexible S-glass torsion box spar, with stiff kevlar skins. "We get superior twist characteristics as a function of speed," Masak claimed. And the soft bending "reduces the local angle of attack during gusts to better keep the airfoil in the laminar-flow range." The wing chord was optimized continuously along the entire span, dispensing with typical straight-tapered sections. It won the Design News magazine Unique Airplane design contest in 1995.

paragraph: The Scimitar featured an acoustic boundary layer flow control system to prevent laminar boundary layer flow separation, using a smaller, more highly cambered airfoil with a greater lift coefficient. "It's always good to have laminar flow," says Masak, "but you'd rather have turbulent attached flow than laminar separation."

paragraph: He flew a later version of this glider, with factory built Ventus 2 wings, in the 2004 U.S. 15 Meter Nationals gliding competition being held at Mifflin County Airport, the same contest he won 11 years earlier. While flying a competition task, he crashed in a syncline fold in the Tussey Mountain ridge, a few miles south of the village of Alexandria, Pennsylvania at

paragraph: . He was attempting to cross the ridge line upwind, and encountered sinking air and turbulence in the lee of the mountain crest, resulting in an inadvertent stall/spin. The crash was not survivable, and he was killed on impact.

paragraph: In his glider, he installed an Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT), although it was not required. The wreckage was found in less than 24 hours, even though it was in steep terrain in a remote forested water-shed area, not visible from the air. As a result of this accident, and the subsequent search and rescue, ELT's are now required in many gliding competitions.

paragraph: Section::::Soaring accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He earned FAI 1000 km diploma number 82 on April 30, 1987 by flying 1006.99 km in a Schleicher ASW 20A from Ridge Soaring Gliderport.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Soaring Society of America awarded him the Exceptional Achievement Award in 1995.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: In 1991, he produced a booklet titled "Performance Enhancement of Modern Sailplanes" which described not just the theory, but the art of performance modifications, including winglets. In it, he credited Dick Johnson, Wil Schuemann, George B. Moffat, Jr. and Richard Schreder for their pioneering work that inspired him.

paragraph: Section::::Patents.

paragraph: Peter Masak was a prolific inventor, and he appears as inventor on 17 U.S. Patents, mostly in the area of mechanical engineering applied in the petroleum industry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Apparatus for agitated fluid discharge

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Method for removing a deposit using pulsed fluid flow

paragraph: BULLET::::- – System and method for NMR logging with helical polarization

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Method and apparatus for nuclear magnetic resonance measuring while drilling

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Temperature compensated magnetic circuit

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Magnetic resonance fluid analysis apparatus and method

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Pressure reading tool

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Temperature compensated magnetic field apparatus for NMR measurements

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Inverse vertical seismic profiling using a measurement while drilling tool as a seismic source

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Integrated modulator and turbine-generator for a measurement while drilling tool

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Mud pump noise cancellation system and method

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Method and apparatus for measuring the quality of a cement to a casing bond

paragraph: BULLET::::- – Pump jack slant wells

description: American engineer, inventor, and glider pilot

wikidata_label: Peter Masak

wikipedia_title: Peter Masak


text:
Fujiwara
Emperor Shōmu
Fujiwara no Toyoshige
Kannon
Buddhist
sutra
embroidery
Taima Mandala
mandala
Pure Land
miracle
Amida Butsu
silent film
Matsunosuke Onoe
Shinobu Orikuchi
Cinderella
Kannon

categories: Fujiwara clan,Japanese Buddhists,753 births,781 deaths,Japanese folklore

paragraph: Chūjō-hime

paragraph: Section::::Folklore.

paragraph: She is said to be the daughter of an imperial minister of the Fujiwara clan and a royal princess. Different stories disagree on her date of birth: most place it in the 8th century, during Emperor Shōmu's reign, and suggest she was the daughter of Fujiwara no Toyonari; however, a few state she was the daughter of Fujiwara no Toyoshige, a century earlier. It is said that the childless couple had appealed to Kannon and been granted a daughter in exchange for the life of one parent. When Chūjō-hime is three, therefore, her mother dies; her father subsequently remarries.

paragraph: In some versions of the story, her stepmother then orders her taken into the mountains and abandoned to die. In others, she remains at home and makes copies of the Buddhist sutras for her mother's salvation, and this devotion earns the enmity of her stepmother. In either case, she is rescued by the Buddhist nuns of Taima-dera and becomes a nun herself. As a nun, she lives an austere and meditative life, and comes to be known as a "living Buddha." She is credited with inventing the art of embroidery during this time.

paragraph: Chūjō-hime is credited with weaving the Lotus Thread, Taima Mandala, a mandala depicting the cosmography of the Pure Land. It is said that she managed this miracle in a single night. Some versions of the story say that she was aided in the task by an apparition of Amida Butsu in response to her prayers. Other beliefs hold that she was herself an incarnation of Kannon.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: There is a 1911 short silent film, starring Matsunosuke Onoe, based upon Chūjō-hime's legend.

paragraph: She is cast as the main female character in the 1939 novel "Shisha no sho" by Shinobu Orikuchi.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cinderella

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kannon

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashkenazy, Michael (2003). "Handbook of Japanese Mythology". Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chūjō-hime." (1985). Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.

alias: Chujo-hime Chuujou-hime

description: Japanese politician

wikidata_label: Chūjō-hime

wikipedia_title: Chūjō-hime


text: Count of Meulan

text: Norman

text: companions of William the Conqueror

text: Norman Conquest

text: Henry I

text: Earl of Leicester

text: Roger de Beaumont

text: Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick

text: known to have fought

text: Battle of Hastings

text: William of Poitiers

text: manor

text: Domesday Book

text: Count of Meulan

text: Normandy

text: homage

text: Philip I of France

text: Poissy

text: New Forest

text: William II "Rufus"

text: King Henry I

text: Earl of Leicester

text: William, Count of Évreux

text: Ralph de Conches

text: Norman

text: Investiture Controversy

text: excommunicated

text: Pope Paschal II

text: Anselm

text: archbishop of Canterbury

text: Henry of Huntingdon

text: Abbey of Saint-Pierre de Préaux

text: Elizabeth (or Isabel) de Vermandois

text: Hugh Magnus

text: Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois

text: William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey

text: Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford

text: Hugh IV of Montfort-sur-Risle

text: Richard de Granville of Bideford

text: Châteauneuf-Thimerais

text: Henry I

text: Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke

text: Jotham Annan

text: BBC

text: Dan Snow

categories: Anglo-Normans,Earls of Leicester (1107),11th-century births,Counts of Meulan,Norman warriors,1118 deaths,Companions of William the Conqueror,Beaumont family

paragraph: Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester ( – 5 June 1118), also known as Robert of Meulan, Count of Meulan, was a powerful Norman nobleman, one of the companions of William the Conqueror during the Norman Conquest of England, and was revered as one of the wisest men of his age. Chroniclers spoke highly of his eloquence, his learning, and three kings of England valued his counsel. He was granted considerable lands in the Midlands by William and Henry I and made the Earl of Leicester.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Robert was born between 1040–1050, the eldest son of Roger de Beaumont (1015–1094) by his wife Adeline of Meulan (died 1081), a daughter of Waleran III, Count de Meulan, and was an older brother of Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick (c. 1050–1119)

paragraph: Robert de Beaumont was one of only a small number of men known to have fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, as well as being a cousin of William, and was leader of the infantry on the right wing of the Norman army, as evidenced in the following near contemporary account by William of Poitiers:

paragraph: 'A certain Norman, Robert, son of Roger of Beaumont, being nephew and heir to Henry, Count of Meulan, through Henry's sister Adeline, found himself that day in battle for the first time. He was as yet but a young man and he performed feats of valour worthy of perpetual remembrance. At the head of a troop which he commanded on the right wing he attacked with the utmost bravery and success".

paragraph: His service earned him the grant of more than 91 English manors confiscated from the defeated English, as listed in the Domesday Book of 1086.

paragraph: When his mother died in 1081, Robert inherited the title of Count of Meulan in Normandy, and the title Viscount Ivry and Lord of Norton. He paid homage to King Philip I of France for these estates and sat as a French Peer in the Parliament held at Poissy.

paragraph: He and his brother Henry were members of the Royal hunting party in the New Forest in Hampshire when King William II "Rufus" (1087–1100) was shot dead accidentally by an arrow on 2 August 1100. He pledged allegiance to William II's brother, King Henry I (1100–1135), who created him Earl of Leicester in 1107.

paragraph: On the death of William Rufus, William, Count of Évreux and Ralph de Conches made an incursion into Robert's Norman estates, on the pretence they had suffered injury through some advice that Robert had given to the king; their raid was successful and they collected a vast booty.

paragraph: During the English phase of the Investiture Controversy, he was excommunicated by Pope Paschal II on 26 March 1105 for advising King Henry to continue selecting the bishops of his realm in opposition to the canons of the church. Sometime in 1106, Henry succeeded in having Anselm, the exiled archbishop of Canterbury, revoke this excommunication. Anselm's (somewhat presumptuous) act was ultimately ratified by Paschal.

paragraph: According to Henry of Huntingdon, Robert died of shame after "a certain earl carried off the lady he had espoused, either by some intrigue or by force and stratagem." He was the last surviving Norman nobleman to have fought in the Battle of Hastings.

paragraph: Robert de Beaumont was buried at the Abbey of Saint-Pierre de Préaux in Normandy.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1096, he married Elizabeth (or Isabel) de Vermandois, daughter of Hugh Magnus (1053-1101) a younger son of the French king and Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois (1050-1120). After his death Elizabeth remarried in 1118 to William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey. He had the following progeny:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Waleran IV de Beaumont, Count of Meulan, 1st Earl of Worcester (b. 1104), eldest twin and heir.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester & Earl of Hereford (b. 1104), twin

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford (born )

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Emma de Beaumont (born 1102)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adeline de Beaumont, married twice:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Hugh IV of Montfort-sur-Risle;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Richard de Granville of Bideford (died 1147)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Aubree de Beaumont, married Hugh II of Châteauneuf-Thimerais.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Agnes de Beaumont, a nun

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Maud de Beaumont, married William Lovel (born )

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Isabel de Beaumont, a mistress of King Henry I. Married twice:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Hervé de Montmorency, Constable of Ireland

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.:Television.

paragraph: Robert De Beaumont is portrayed by Jotham Annan in the 3 part BBC drama-documentary presented by Dan Snow, .

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward T. Beaumont, J.P. "The Beaumonts in History. A.D. 850-1850". Oxford.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Conqueror and His Companions: Robert de Beaumont

description: Norman nobleman


text:
courtesy name
Chinese
Han Dynasty
Xiongnu
Emperor Zhao of Han
heir apparent
Xiongnu
Chanyu
Gunchen
Ichise
Han Dynasty
Gansu
Emperor Wu of Han
Huo Qubing
concubine
ladies in waiting
crown prince
Liu Ju
Liu Fuling
Huo Guang
regent
Shangguan Jie
Xiongnu
Huo Guang
Emperor Zhao of Han
金日磾
武威本土历史人物——金日磾
Book of Han
Zizhi Tongjian
Han Ji

categories: 134 BC births,Han dynasty politicians,86 BC deaths,Xiongnu

paragraph: Jin Midi

paragraph: Jin Midi (134–86 BC) (, courtesy name Wengshu (翁叔), formally Marquess Jing of Du (秺敬侯), was a prominent official of the Chinese Han Dynasty of Xiongnu ethnicity. He served as coregent early in the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Jin Midi was born in 134 BC to a royal Xiongnu family. He was the heir apparent to Xiongnu's Prince of Xiutu, one of the major princes under the supreme ruler of the Xiongnu, the "Chanyu" Gunchen. After Gunchen's death in 126 BC, his brother Ichise succeeded him. During this time, the Prince of Xiutu and another major prince, the Prince of Hunye, were responsible for defending Xiongnu's southwestern border with Han Dynasty – modern central and western Gansu.

paragraph: In 121 BC, Emperor Wu of Han sent his general Huo Qubing to attack Xiongnu, dealing a great defeat on the Xiongnu. In the campaign, Huo killed the Princes of Zhelan and Luhou, as well as 8,900 Xiongnu soldiers, while capturing the Prince of Hunye's son, chief assistant, and a number of officials, as well as golden statues that the Prince of Xiutu had forged to use to worship heaven. The "Chanyu" Ichise was greatly displeased, and was considering summoning the Princes of Hunye and Xiutu to execute them. The princes, in fear, plotted to defect to Han. When Emperor Wu sent Huo to accept their surrender, the Prince of Xiutu changed his mind and tried to back out of defecting. The Prince of Hunye killed him and surrendered to Han, along with the region that he controlled.

paragraph: Because the Prince of Xiutu was killed, Midi, as well as his mother the princess, as well as his brother Lun (倫), were confiscated to serve as imperial servants. Midi was assigned to the imperial stables.

paragraph: Section::::During Emperor Wu's reign.

paragraph: On a later occasion, during an imperial feast, Emperor Wu ordered that horses be brought to him for him to examine. Midi, and a large number of fellow stable attendants, brought the horses, and as a number of Emperor Wu's beautiful concubines were in attendance, the attendants were struck by their beauty and were looking at them, but Midi did not dare to. Emperor Wu saw Midi and was impressed by his propriety, tall stature, and how healthy and strong the horses under Midi's care were. That same day, he awarded Midi robes and made him the director of the imperial stables, and thereafter became increasingly close to Midi. As he remembered that the Prince of Xiutu had used golden statues to worship heaven, Emperor Wu gave Midi the surname Jin, meaning "gold." When Jin Midi's mother died, Emperor Wu had her portrait drawn and displayed at his later favorite palace, Sweet Springs Palace (), entitling the portrait, "The Princess of Xiutu" (i.e., not regarding her as a servant any more, but by her former status as princess). Two of Jin Midi's sons became close attendants to Emperor Wu and were favored by Emperor Wu. After one of the sons was grown, on one occasion, he was flirting with Emperor Wu's ladies in waiting when Jin Midi saw them. Jin Midi, in anger that his son's behavior was inappropriate, killed him, and then reported to Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu was greatly saddened but became even more impressed with Jin Midi.

paragraph: In 88 BC, the imperial official Ma Heluo (馬何羅) was anxious over the fact that the clan of his friend Jiang Chong (江充) had been slaughtered by Emperor Wu. Jiang had falsely accused Emperor Wu's crown prince Liu Ju of treason in 91 BC, causing Liu Ju to rise in rebellion in fear, killing Jiang. Liu Ju was killed, but in the aftermaths, Emperor Wu, discovering that Jiang's accusations were false, had Jiang's clan slaughtered. He thus conspired with his brothers to assassinate Emperor Wu. The assassination attempt was thwarted by Jin, as when he saw Ma about to enter Emperor Wu's bedchambers with a knife, he grabbed and held Ma until other imperial guards could bind Ma.

paragraph: In 87 BC, Emperor Wu was seriously ill, and he created his youngest son Liu Fuling crown prince. He summoned his close associates to his bedchambers to designate one of them, Huo Qubing's younger brother Huo Guang, as regent. Huo initially declined, arguing that Jin was more capable, but Jin pointed out that he was ethnically Xiongnu and that the other officials and the Xiongnu might think of him lightly. Emperor Wu thus designated Huo as the primary regent, but also designated Jin and Shangguan Jie (上官桀) secondary regents. He soon died, and Liu Fuling took the throne as Emperor Zhao. (In his will, Emperor Wu, citing the suppression of Ma's plot, created Jin, as well as Huo and Shangguan, marquesses, but Jin, citing Emperor Zhao's young age, declined.)

paragraph: Section::::During Emperor Zhao's reign.

paragraph: In fall 86 BC, Jin Midi became seriously ill. Huo Guang, after discussing with Emperor Zhao, had Emperor Zhao approve a creation of Jin as the Marquess of Du on his bed. Jin died the next day and was buried near Emperor Wu's tomb. His family continued to serve as imperial servants until the end of the Western Han Dynasty, with seven generations in total.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Xiongnu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Huo Guang

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Zhao of Han

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 金日磾

paragraph: BULLET::::- 武威本土历史人物——金日磾

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Book of Han", vol. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zizhi Tongjian", vols. , , , , .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Han Ji", vols. 13, 15, 16 .

description: Han Dynasty politician

wikidata_label: Jin Midi

wikipedia_title: Jin Midi


text: lynched

text: Waco, Texas

text: racially

text: Robinson, Texas

text: Elisabeth Freeman

text: W. E. B. Du Bois

text: The Crisis

text: anti-lynching

text: lynching

text: Southern United States

text: Florida

text: Georgia

text: Mississippi

text: Texas

text: demographics

text: Waco, Texas

text: black colleges

text: Patricia Bernstein

text: Baylor University

text: The Birth of a Nation

text: white supremacy

text: Ku Klux Klan

text: Temple, Texas

text: Robinson, Texas

text: McLennan County

text: Hill County

text: Dallas

text: grand jury

text: Times-Herald

text: kangaroo-court

text: burned to death

text: Manfred Berg

text: University of Virginia

text: white supremacy

text: rite of passage

text: Fred Gildersleeve

text: New York Times

text: New York Age

text: James Weldon Johnson

text: Montgomery Advertiser

text: Houston Chronicle

text: Austin American

text: Morning News

text: Houston Post

text: psychological trauma

text: Paul Quinn College

text: Elisabeth Freeman

text: Dallas

text: W. E. B. Du Bois

text: The Crisis

text: Oswald Garrison Villard

text: The New Republic

text: The Nation

text: cause célèbre

text: Joel Elias Spingarn

text: Red Summer

text: Washington, DC

text: Ku Klux Klan

text: Roy Mitchell

text: Manfred Berg

text: University of South Florida

text: Rowan University

text: hanging, drawing, and quartering

text: Illinois State University

text: Waco siege

text: 1953 Waco tornado outbreak

text: divine retribution

text: Civil Rights Movement

text: Blues

text: Sammy Price

text: Hesitation Blues

text: Madison Cooper

text: Sironia, Texas

text: National Civil Rights Museum

text: centenary

text: BlacKkKlansman

text: Harry Belafonte

text: Colorado Springs

text: Goodwyn, Wade

text: National Public Radio

wikipedia_title: Historically black colleges and universities

categories: Murdered African-American people,Lynching deaths in Texas,American people convicted of murder,Deaths from fire in the United States,1916 in Texas,Racially motivated violence against African Americans,1916 murders in the United States,People convicted of murder by Texas,People murdered in Texas,History of Waco, Texas

paragraph: Lynching of Jesse Washington

paragraph: Jesse Washington was a black seventeen year old farmhand who was lynched in the county seat of Waco, Texas, on May 15, 1916, in what became a well-known example of racially motivated lynching. Washington was convicted of raping and murdering Lucy Fryer, the wife of his white employer in rural Robinson, Texas. He was chained by his neck and dragged out of the county court by observers. He was then paraded through the street, all while being stabbed and beaten, before being held down and castrated. He was then lynched in front of Waco's city hall.

paragraph: Over 10,000 spectators, including city officials and police, gathered to watch the attack. There was a celebratory atmosphere among whites at the spectacle murder, and many children attended during their lunch hour. Members of the mob, cut off his fingers, and hung him over a bonfire after saturating him with coal oil. He was repeatedly lowered and raised over the fire for about two hours. After the fire was extinguished, his charred torso was dragged through the town and parts of his body were sold as souvenirs. A professional photographer took pictures as the event unfolded, providing rare imagery of a lynching in progress. The pictures were printed and sold as postcards in Waco.

paragraph: Although the lynching was supported by many Waco residents, it was condemned by newspapers around the United States. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) hired Elisabeth Freeman to investigate; she conducted a detailed probe in Waco, despite the reluctance of many residents to speak about the event. Freeman concluded that white residents were generally supportive of Washington's lynching. She also concluded that Washington killed Fryer. After receiving Freeman's report on the lynching, NAACP co-founder and editor W. E. B. Du Bois published an in-depth report featuring photographs of Washington's charred body in "The Crisis", and the NAACP featured his death in their anti-lynching campaign. Although Waco had been regarded as a modern, progressive city, the lynching demonstrated that its whites still tolerated racial violence.

paragraph: Historians have noted that Washington's death helped alter the way lynching was viewed. The widespread negative publicity helped curb public support for the practice. In the 1990s and 2000s, some Waco residents lobbied for a monument to Washington's lynching, but this idea failed to garner wide support in the city. On the centenary of the event, in May 2016, the mayor of Waco held a formal ceremony to apologize to Washington's descendants and the African-American community. A historical marker has been installed to memorialize the lynching.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, thousands of lynchings occurred in the Southern United States, primarily of African Americans in the states of Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and Texas. Between 1890 and 1920, about 3,000 African Americans were killed by lynch mobs in cases where they were allegedly perpetrators of crimes. They were conducted outside the legal system: suspects were taken from jail and courtrooms, or killed before arrest. Supporters of lynching justified the practice as a way to assert dominance over African Americans, to whom they attributed a criminal nature. Lynching also provided a sense of white solidarity in a culture with changing demographics and power structures. Although lynching was tolerated by much of southern society, opponents of the practice emerged, including some religious leaders and the nascent National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

paragraph: In 1916, Waco, Texas, was a prosperous city with a population of more than 30,000. After it became associated with crime in the 19th century, community leaders sought to change its reputation, sending delegations across the U.S. to promote it as an idyllic locale. By the 1910s, Waco's economy had become strong and the city had gained a pious reputation. A black middle class had emerged in the area, along with two black colleges. In the mid-1910s, blacks comprised about twenty percent of the Waco population. In her 2006 study of lynching, journalist Patricia Bernstein describes the city as then having a "thin veneer" of peace and respectability. Racial tension was present in the city: local newspapers often emphasized crimes committed by African Americans, and Sank Majors, a black man, was lynched and hanged from a bridge near downtown Waco in 1905. A small number of anti-lynching activists lived in the area, including the president of Waco's Baylor University. In 1916, several factors led to an increase in local racism, including the screening of "The Birth of a Nation", a movie that promoted white supremacy and glorified the Ku Klux Klan, and the sale of photographs of a recently lynched black man in Temple, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Murder and arrest.

paragraph: In Robinson, Texas, Lucy Fryer was murdered while alone at her house on May 8, 1916. She was found clubbed to death, sprawled across the doorway of the farm's seed shed. It was a grisly scene that included signs of sexual assault. Officials determined a blunt instrument was used as the murder weapon. She and her husband George were English immigrants, and had become well respected in the rural community where they operated a farm. News of the death quickly reached the McLennan County Sheriff, Samuel Fleming, who immediately investigated with a team of law enforcement officers, a group of local men, and a doctor. The doctor determined that Fryer had been killed by blunt-force trauma to the head. The local men suspected that Jesse Washington, a seventeen-year-old black youth who had worked on the Fryers' farm for five months, was responsible. One man said that he had seen Washington near the Fryer house a few minutes before Lucy's body was discovered.

paragraph: That night, sheriff's deputies traveled to Washington's home, finding him in front of the house wearing blood-stained overalls. He said the stains were from a nosebleed. Jesse, his brother William, and their parents were taken to nearby Waco to be questioned by the county sheriff's department; although Jesse's parents and brother were released after a short time, he was held for further interrogation, without an attorney or his parents present. His questioners in Waco reported that he denied complicity in Fryer's death, but offered contradictory details about his actions. Rumors spread after Washington's arrest that the youth had been in an altercation with a white man a few days before the murder.

paragraph: On May 9, Sheriff Fleming took Washington to Hill County to prevent vigilante action. The Hill County sheriff, Fred Long, questioned Washington with Fleming. Washington eventually told them he had killed Fryer following an argument about her mules, and described the murder weapon and its location. Long brought Washington to Dallas, Texas, while Fleming returned to Robinson. Fleming soon reported that he found a bloody hammer where Washington had indicated. In Dallas, Washington dictated and signed a statement that described the rape and murder of Fryer; the confession was published the next day in Waco newspapers. Newspapers sensationalized the murder, describing Fryer's attempts to resist Washington's attack. But the doctor who had examined her body concluded that she was killed before she resisted any assault. A lynch mob assembled in Waco that night to search the local jail, but dispersed after failing to find Washington. A local paper praised their effort. That night, a small private funeral and burial were held for Lucy Fryer.

paragraph: A grand jury was assembled on May 11 in McLennan County and quickly returned an indictment against Washington; the trial was scheduled for May 15. The "Times-Herald" of Waco published a notice on May 12 requesting that residents let the justice system determine Washington's fate. Sheriff Fleming traveled to Robinson on May 13 to ask residents to remain calm; his address was well received. Washington was assigned several inexperienced lawyers. His lawyers prepared no defense, and noted that he appeared placid in the days before the trial.

paragraph: Section::::Trial and lynching.

paragraph: On the morning of May 15, Waco's courthouse quickly filled to capacity in anticipation of the trial: the crowd almost prevented some jurors from entering. Observers also filled the sidewalks around the courthouse; more than two thousand spectators were present. Attendees were almost entirely white, but a few quiet members of Waco's black community were present. As Washington was led into the courtroom, one audience member pointed a gun at him, but was quickly overpowered. As the trial commenced, Judge Richard Irby Munroe attempted to keep order, insisting that the audience remain silent. Jury selection proceeded quickly: the defense did not challenge any selections of the prosecution. Bernstein states that the trial had a "kangaroo-court atmosphere". Judge Munroe asked Washington for a plea, and explained the potential sentences. Washington muttered a response, possibly "yes", interpreted by the court as a guilty plea.

paragraph: The prosecution described the charges, and the court heard testimony from law enforcement officers and the doctor who examined Fryer's body. The doctor discussed how Fryer died, but did not mention rape. The prosecution rested, and Washington's attorney asked him whether he had committed the offense. Washington replied, "That's what I done " and quietly apologized. The lead prosecutor addressed the courtroom and declared that the trial had been conducted fairly, prompting an ovation from the crowd. The jury was sent to deliberate.

paragraph: After four minutes of deliberation, the jury's foreman announced a guilty verdict and a sentence of death. The trial lasted about one hour. Court officers approached Washington to escort him away, but were pushed aside by a surge of spectators, who seized Washington and dragged him outside. Washington initially fought back, biting one man, but was soon beaten. A chain was placed around his neck and he was dragged toward city hall by a growing mob; on the way downtown, he was stripped, stabbed, and repeatedly beaten with blunt objects. By the time he was taken to city hall, a group had prepared wood for a bonfire next to a tree in front of the building. Washington, semiconscious and covered in blood, was doused with oil, hung from the tree by a chain, and lowered to the ground. Members of the crowd cut off his fingers, toes, and genitals. The fire was lit and Washington was repeatedly raised and lowered into the flames until he burned to death. German scholar Manfred Berg posits that the executioners attempted to keep him alive to increase his suffering. Washington attempted to climb the chain, but was unable to without fingers. The fire was extinguished after two hours, allowing bystanders to collect souvenirs from the site of the lynching, including Washington's bones and links of the chain. One attendee kept part of Washington's genitalia; a group of children snapped the teeth out of Washington's head to sell as souvenirs. By the time the fire was extinguished, parts of Washington's arms and legs had been burned off and his torso and head were charred. His body was removed from the tree and dragged behind a horse throughout the town. Washington's remains were transported to Robinson, where they were publicly displayed until a constable obtained the body late in the day and buried it.

paragraph: The spectacle lynching drew a large crowd estimated at 10,000, including the mayor, John Dollins, and the chief of police, Guy McNamara, although lynching was illegal in Texas. Sheriff Fleming told his deputies not to try to stop the lynching, and no one was arrested after the event. Bernstein speculates that Fleming may have wanted to be seen as dealing harshly with crime to help his candidacy for re-election that year. Mayor John Dollins may have also encouraged the mob for political benefit. The crowd numbered 15,000 at its peak.

paragraph: Residents had telephoned acquaintances to spread word of the lynching, allowing numerous spectators to gather more quickly than was previously possible. Local media reported that "shouts of delight" were heard as Washington burned, although they noted that some attendees disapproved. The "Waco Semi-Weekly Tribune" maintained that a number of black Waco residents attended, a claim that historian Grace Hale of the University of Virginia thinks is dubious. Waco residents, who likely had no connection with the rural Fryer family, comprised most of the crowd. Some people from nearby rural communities traveled to the city before the trial to witness the events. As the lynching occurred at midday, children from local schools walked downtown to observe, some climbing into trees for a better view. Many parents approved of their children's attendance, hoping that the lynching would reinforce a belief in white supremacy. Some Texans saw participation in a lynching as a rite of passage for young men.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Fred Gildersleeve, a Waco-based professional photographer, arrived at city hall shortly before the lynching, possibly at the mayor's request, and photographed the event. His photographs provide rare depictions of a lynching in progress, rather than typical lynching photography, which shows only dead victims. Gildersleeve's photographs include views of the crowd shot from a building and close images of Washington's body; some may have been taken by an assistant. Gildersleeve produced postcards featuring images of adolescents, some as young as twelve, gathered around Washington's body. The individuals in the photographs made no attempts to hide their identities. Berg believes that their willingness to be photographed indicates that they knew that no one would be prosecuted for Washington's death. Although some Waco residents sent the cards to out-of-town relatives, several prominent local citizens persuaded Gildersleeve to stop selling them, fearing that the images would come to characterize the town.

paragraph: In the days after the lynching, newspapers fiercely condemned the event. Within a week, news of the lynching was published as far away as London. A "New York Times" editorial opined that, "in no other land even pretending to be civilized could a man be burned to death in the streets of a considerable city amid the savage exultation of its inhabitants". In the "New York Age", James Weldon Johnson described the members of the lynch mob as "lower than any other people who at present inhabit the earth". Although many southern newspapers had previously defended lynching as a defense of civilized society, after Washington's death, they did not cast the practice in such terms. The "Montgomery Advertiser" wrote that, "no savage was ever more cruel ... than the men who participated in this horrible, almost unbelievable episode". In Texas, the "Houston Chronicle" and the "Austin American" criticized the lynch mob, but spoke highly of Waco. The "Morning News" of Dallas reported the story, but did not publish an accompanying editorial. In Waco, the "Times-Herald" refrained from editorializing about the lynching. The "Waco Morning News" briefly noted disapproval of the lynching, focusing criticism on papers they felt had attacked the city unfairly. They cast the condemnatory editorials in the aftermath of the lynching as "Holier than thou" remarks. A writer for the "Waco Semi-Weekly Tribune" defended the lynching, stating that Washington deserved to die and that blacks should view Washington's death as a warning against crime. The paper later carried an editorial from the "Houston Post" condemning the lynching, characterizing the column as part of an attack on the city.

paragraph: Some Waco residents condemned the lynching, including local ministers and leaders of Baylor University. The judge who presided over Washington's trial later stated that members of the lynch mob were "murderers"; the jury's foreman told the NAACP that he disapproved of their actions. Some people who witnessed the lynching recorded persistent nightmares and psychological trauma. A few citizens contemplated staging a protest against the lynching, but declined to do so owing to concerns about reprisals or the appearance of hypocrisy. After the lynching, town officials maintained that it was attended by a small group of malcontents. Although their claim is contradicted by photographic evidence, several histories of Waco have repeated this assertion. There were no negative repercussions for Dollins or Police Chief John McNamara: although they made no attempt to stop the mob, they remained well respected in Waco. As was common with such attacks, no one was prosecuted for the lynching.

paragraph: Although leaders of Waco's black community gave public condolences to the Fryer family, they complained about Washington's lynching only in private. One exception was the "Paul Quinn Weekly" newspaper, of Texas' Paul Quinn College, a black college. It published several articles that criticized the lynch mob and city leadership. In one article, the author proclaimed that Jesse Washington was innocent and George Fryer was guilty. A. T. Smith, the paper's editor, was subsequently convicted of libel. George Fryer also sued the college for libel; his vehemence caused some Robinson residents to suspect that he played a part in his wife's death. Bernstein states that it is "highly unlikely" that George Fryer played a role in Lucy's murder, but notes that there is the "shadow of a possibility" that he bore some guilt.

paragraph: Section::::NAACP investigation and campaign.

paragraph: The NAACP hired Elisabeth Freeman, a women's suffrage activist based in New York City, to investigate the lynching. She had traveled to Texas in late 1915 or early 1916 to help organize the suffrage movement, and was already in Dallas for a statewide convention in early May. Freeman began her assignment in Waco soon after the lynching, posing as a journalist and attempting to interview people about the events. She found that most residents were reluctant to discuss the event. She spoke with town officials and obtained pictures of the lynching from Gildersleeve, who was initially reluctant to provide them. Although she feared for her safety, she enjoyed the challenge of the investigation. When speaking with city leaders, Freeman convinced them that she planned to defend Waco against criticism when she returned to the North. Some journalists soon grew suspicious of her and warned residents not to talk to outsiders. Local African Americans, however, gave her a warm reception.

paragraph: Freeman interviewed both Sheriff Fleming and the judge who presided over the trial; each said that he did not deserve blame for the lynching. A schoolteacher who had known Washington told Freeman that the young man was illiterate, and that all attempts to teach him to read had been futile. Freeman concluded that white residents were generally supportive of Washington's lynching after his conviction, although many were upset that he had been mutilated. She determined that the mob that took him from the courtroom was led by a bricklayer, a saloonkeeper, and several employees of an ice company. The NAACP did not publicly identify them. Freeman concluded that Washington killed Fryer, and suggested he had resented her domineering attitude towards him.

paragraph: W. E. B. Du Bois had been incensed by news of the brutal attack, saying "any talk of the triumph of Christianity, or the spread of human culture, is idle twaddle as long as the Waco lynching is possible in the United States". After receiving Freeman's report, he placed a photograph of Washington's body on the cover of "The Crisis", the NAACP's newsletter, in a special issue that discussed the event. The issue was titled "The Waco Horror" and was published as an eight-page supplement to the July edition. Du Bois popularized "Waco Horror" as a name for Washington's lynching; the "Houston Chronicle" and the "New York Times" had previously used the word "horror" to describe the event. In 1916, "The Crisis" had a circulation of about 30,000, three times the size of the NAACP's membership.

paragraph: Although "The Crisis" had campaigned against lynching in the past, this was the first issue to publish images of an attack. The NAACP's board was initially hesitant to publish such graphic content, but Du Bois insisted on doing so, arguing that uncensored coverage would push white Americans to support change. The issue included accounts of the lynching that Freeman had obtained from Waco residents. Du Bois wrote "The Crisis"' article on the lynching; he edited and organized Freeman's report for publication, but did not credit her in the issue. Du Bois's article concluded with a call to support the anti-lynching movement. The NAACP distributed the report to hundreds of newspapers and politicians, a campaign that led to wide condemnation of the lynching. Many white observers were disturbed by photos of the southerners who celebrated the lynching. "The Crisis" included more images of lynchings in subsequent issues. Washington's death received continued discussion in "The Crisis". Oswald Garrison Villard wrote in a later edition of the paper that "the crime at Waco is a challenge to our American civilization".

paragraph: Other black newspapers also carried significant coverage of the lynching, as did liberal monthly magazines such as "The New Republic" and "The Nation". Freeman traveled around the U.S. to speak to audiences about her investigation, maintaining that a shift in public opinion could accomplish more than legislative actions. Although there were other lynchings as brutal as Washington's, the availability of photographs and the setting of his death made it a "cause célèbre". Leaders of the NAACP hoped to launch a legal battle against those responsible for Washington's death, but abandoned the plan owing to the projected cost.

paragraph: The NAACP had struggled financially around that time. Their anti-lynching campaign helped them raise funds, but they scaled back the campaign as the U.S. entered World War I. NAACP president Joel Elias Spingarn later said that the group's campaign placed "lynching into the public mind as something like a national problem". In her 2006 study of lynching, Bernstein describes this anti-lynching campaign as the "barest beginnings of a battle that would last many years".

paragraph: The number of lynchings in the U.S. increased in the late 1910s, particularly in the postwar period. In addition, in the summer and fall of 1919, called Red Summer, racial riots of whites against blacks broke out in numerous large cities, including in the Northeast and Midwest, due in part to tensions related to competition for jobs and housing in the postwar period as veterans struggled to re-enter society. Particularly in Chicago and Washington, DC, blacks fought back fiercely in the riots but suffered the most casualties and property losses. They believed their war service should have earned them better treatment as citizens.

paragraph: More lynchings took place in Waco in the 1920s, partially owing to the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. By the late 1920s, however, Waco authorities had begun to protect blacks from lynching, as in the case of Roy Mitchell. Authorities feared that negative publicity generated by lynchings—such as the NAACP's campaign following Washington's death—would hinder their efforts to attract business investors. The NAACP fought to portray lynching as a savage, barbaric practice, an idea which eventually gained traction in the public mind. Bernstein credits the group's efforts with helping to end "the worst public atrocities of the racist system" in the Waco region.

paragraph: Section::::Analysis and legacy.

paragraph: In 2011, Manfred Berg speculated that Washington probably murdered Fryer, but doubted that he raped her. The same year, Julie Armstrong of the University of South Florida argued that Washington was possibly innocent of both charges. Bernstein notes that Washington's motives have never been established. She also states that his confession could have been coerced, and that there is evidence of limited intellectual capacity. She suggests that the murder weapon—perhaps the strongest evidence against him—could have been planted by authorities.

paragraph: Bernstein states that Washington's lynching was a unique event because of its scale and location: not only did it occur in a larger city with a reputation for progressiveness, but it was attended by 10,000 spectators who were excited by the brutal torture. Similar acts of mob violence typically occurred in smaller towns with fewer spectators. William Carrigan of Rowan University argues that the culture of central Texas had glorified retributive mob violence for decades before Washington's lynching, maintaining that this culture of violence explains how such a brutal attack could be publicly celebrated. Hale posits that Washington's death signaled a transition in the practice of lynching, demonstrating its acceptance in modernized, 20th-century cities. She notes that Washington's lynching illustrates how technological innovations, such as telephones and inexpensive photographs, could empower lynch mobs but also increase society's condemnation of their actions.

paragraph: In their 2004 study of lynching, Peter Ehrenhaus and A. Susan Owen compare the lynching to a blood sacrifice, arguing Waco residents felt a sense of collective righteousness after Washington's death, as they saw him as the presence of evil in the community. Bernstein compares the public brutality of the lynch mob to the medieval English practice of hanging, drawing, and quartering people convicted of high treason.

paragraph: Amy Louise Wood of Illinois State University writes that the event was "a defining moment in the history of lynching", arguing that with Washington's death, "lynching began to sow the seeds of its own collapse". Although the spectacle of violent mob attacks had previously benefited white supremacists, Wood contends that after Washington's death was publicized, the anti-lynching movement included images of racially motivated brutality in their campaigns. Carrigan notes that Washington's death may have received more public attention than any other lynching in the United States, and sees the event as a "turning point in the history of mob violence in Central Texas". Although the outcry it provoked did not end the practice, it helped bring an end to public support of such attacks by city leaders. Carrigan states that the lynching was "the most infamous day in the history of central Texas" until the Waco siege of 1993.

paragraph: After the practice of lynching was suppressed in central Texas, it received little attention from local historians. However, Waco developed a reputation for racism—propagated in part by American history textbooks—to the vexation of the city's white residents. In the years following the lynching, African Americans often held Waco in disdain, and some viewed the 1953 Waco tornado outbreak as divine retribution. White leaders of Waco took a non-violent approach in response to demonstrations during the Civil Rights Movement, possibly owing to a desire to avoid stigmatizing the city again.

paragraph: Blues musician Sammy Price recorded a version of "Hesitation Blues" that referenced Washington's lynching. Price lived in Waco as a child, possibly at the time of Washington's death. Waco-based novelist Madison Cooper featured a lynching, thought to be based on Washington's death, as a key event in his 1952 novel "Sironia, Texas".

paragraph: In the 1990s, Lawrence Johnson, a member of Waco's city council, viewed pictures of the Washington lynching at the National Civil Rights Museum, and began to lobby for a monument to the lynching. In 2002, Lester Gibson, another member of the city council, proposed that a plaque be installed at the courthouse where Washington was lynched. He further stated that the plaque should carry an apology from the city. The ideas were discussed, but were not developed. In the 2000s, the idea of a memorial was revived by a McLennan County commissioner and the Waco Chamber of Commerce; the "Waco Herald Tribune" has editorialized in support of a historical marker on the site of the lynching. Some descendants of Fryer objected to the proposed memorial.

paragraph: On the centenary of the lynching, May 15, 2016, the mayor of Waco apologized in a formal ceremony to Washington’s relatives and issued a proclamation condemning Washington's lynching and noting the anniversary of the event. A historical marker is being erected at the site.

paragraph: In the 2018 film "BlacKkKlansman", Harry Belafonte portrays a witness to the lynching who describes the event at a civil rights rally in 1970s Colorado Springs.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fair, Richard H. "'The Good Angel of Practical Fraternity:' The Ku Klux Klan in McLennan County, 1915–1924", 2009, Baylor University master's thesis.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goodwyn, Wade. "Waco Recalls a 90-Year-Old 'Horror'", "National Public Radio". May 13, 2006. (Transcript of radio story)

wikipedia_title: Lynching of Jesse Washington


text:
Ugandan
footballer
F.C Linköping City
Swedish Division 1
FC Linkoping City
Erbil FC
Iraq
Kaizer Chiefs
South Africa
King Fisher East Bengal
India
Rio Ferdinand
Coca-Cola
Ibrahim Juma
Proline FC
Ugandan Super League
England
Manchester United
West Ham United
Ugandan Super League
Proline FC
Arbil SC
Arbil
Iraq
2012 AFC Cup
Al Kuwait
2011–12 Iraqi Premier League
Al-Zawraa
Al-Shaab Stadium
Baghdad
2013 AFC Cup group stage
Al-Ahli Taizz S.C.
Yemen
2012–13 Iraqi Premier League
Al-Mina'a SC
Franso Hariri Stadium
Premier Soccer League
Kaizer Chiefs
Stuart Baxter
Ugandan
David Obua
Bloemfontein Celtic
Free State Stadium
Charles Mopeli Stadium
Free State Stars
2014 CAF Champions League
Liga Muçulmana de Maputo
Mozambique
Soweto derby
Amakhosi
Soccer City
Nedbank Cup
FC Buffalo
Man of the Match
AmaZulu F.C.
Ajax Cape Town
I-League
East Bengal
Nyköping BIS
Division 1 North
CECAFA U-20 Championship
Eritrea U20
Kenya U20
Tanzania
Kenya
2011 All-Africa Games
Maputo
Bobby Williamson
2011 African Nations Championship
Sudan
Libya
Tripoli
Milutin Sredojević
Liberia
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
Kaizer Chiefs
South Africa
Itumeleng Khune
Kampala
Iraqi Premier League
AFC Cup
CECAFA U-20 Championship
en.soccerwiki.org

categories: I-League players,Kaizer Chiefs F.C. players,Ugandan expatriate footballers,Expatriate footballers in India,Sportspeople from Kampala,Ugandan expatriate sportspeople in India,Uganda international footballers,Ugandan expatriate sportspeople in South Africa,Expatriate soccer players in South Africa,Ugandan footballers,Association football central defenders,East Bengal F.C. players,1991 births,Ugandan expatriate sportspeople in Iraq,Expatriate footballers in Iraq,Living people,Association football midfielders

paragraph: Ivan Bukenya

paragraph: Ivan Bukenya (born 1 November 1991) is a Ugandan professional footballer who plays for F.C Linköping City in the Swedish Division 1.

paragraph: The Ugandan defender signed a one-year contract in April 2018. FC Linkoping City becomes Bukenya's fourth professional club after featuring for Erbil FC in Iraq, Kaizer Chiefs in South Africa and King Fisher East Bengal in India.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Bukenya began his football journey in July 2007 during the visit of Rio Ferdinand. He was playing for a Coca-Cola select youth side coached by Mike Mutebi with the likes of Ibrahim Juma, Andrew Buteera and Dennis Guma where they played against Proline FC youngsters. Being on the Coca-Cola side was a vindication of a burgeoning star that was Bukenya and he eventually signed for the Ugandan Super League club. Ferdinand was impressed enough by the talent on show to work on the Proline Academy, which Bukenya was now part of travelling to England and play games against the academy sides of Manchester United and West Ham United in October of that year. He scored regularly in the Ugandan Super League and was highlighted as an aerial threat during corner-kicks and free-kicks for Proline FC.Bukenya’s game reading and ability to move the ball on the overlap was arguably one of his greatest strengths in Mujib Kasule’s team, where he broke through.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Arbil SC.

paragraph: Ivan Bukenya played for the Iraqi club Arbil SC in Arbil in the Iraq elite league where he reached the 2012 AFC Cup final against Al Kuwait and helped win the 2011–12 Iraqi Premier League. On 14 February 2013 Bukenya scored the winning goal in a 0–1 away win against Al-Zawraa at the Al-Shaab Stadium in Baghdad. On 5 March 2013 he scored the second goal in a 4–0 home win in the 2013 AFC Cup group stage game against Al-Ahli Taizz S.C. from Yemen. Bukenya continued his scoring record against the same team on 24 April 2013 when he scored the fourth and final goal in another 0–4 route. On 27 June 2013 he took part in and scored the fourth goal in the biggest home win and highest scoring game of the 2012–13 Iraqi Premier League season when they beat Al-Mina'a SC 8-1 at the Franso Hariri Stadium.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Kaizer Chiefs.

paragraph: Bukenya began training with South African Premier Soccer League team Kaizer Chiefs on 12 September 2013 and he signed a 2-year deal with the club on 30 September 2013 after impressing coach Stuart Baxter and the technical team. He is the second Ugandan after David Obua to sign for the South African giants. On 13 October 2013 Bukenya made his debut in the Macufe Cup against Bloemfontein Celtic in a packed Free State Stadium. The chiefs lost the game 1-0 with Bukenya playing the full 90 minutes and impressing Amakhosi fans as well as the coach. On 4 December 2013 Bukenya came on as a late substitute at Charles Mopeli Stadium to make his PSL debut in a 0-2 win over Free State Stars. On 8 March 2014 Bukenya played the full 90 minutes of the 2014 CAF Champions League first round game that saw his team beat Liga Muçulmana de Maputo of Mozambique 3-0 in the 2nd leg. Bukenya tasted his first Soweto derby on 15 March 2014 as the Amakhosi’s won 1-0 in a League clash at Soccer City. He scored his first goal for Chiefs on 26 March 2014 in the Nedbank Cup last 16 in 2-1 win over FC Buffalo. He said "I feel good...I feel motivated and hope to improve on the missed chances in future. It is about teamwork and the coaches planning. It is all about the right training...this is good but it is not my best.". On 10 May 2014 Bukenya was voted Absa Premiership Man of the Match as Kaizer Chiefs beat AmaZulu F.C. 3-0 in the final game of the season. On 19 October 2014 bukenya played in the 0-1 win over Ajax Cape Town to set a new South African Premier League (PSL) record of 15 successive wins.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:East Bengal.

paragraph: Bukenya signed I-League team East Bengal on 28 November 2016.

paragraph: Bukenya was offloaded by Chiefs in June, 2016 after a difficult stay which brought him a mere 22 starts in close to three years.

paragraph: After his release from Naturena the defender-cum-midfielder headed back home to Uganda where he trained with his former club Proline FC before switching to Bengal in December.

paragraph: With the I-League a game away from the halfway stage, Bukenya played a key role in helping Bengal to the top of the standings and is one of just five players to have played all games.

paragraph: He scored thrice playing as a central defender in the I-League, which runs until May before making way for the Indian Super League.

paragraph: FC Linkoping City

paragraph: Ivan Bukenya signed a one-year contract with Swedish Division 1 Club.

paragraph: Bukenya was close to a perfect debut as FC Linköping City premiere played against Nyköping BIS in Division 1 North. The match ended 1-1 after City got a cannon shot when the new acquisition of Ivan Bukenya after 15 minutes knocked 1-0 into a well-frustrated free kick by Ilir Terbunja, who completely dismissed Bukenya in the area of the penalty area.

paragraph: "A nice feeling to get your ball, it's always fun to score, but the most important thing is that the team is performing," Bukenya said after the match.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: He has represented Uganda at all junior levels and is a current senior national team player. Bukenya was part of the successful Uganda U20 side that finished as winners of the 2010 CECAFA U-20 Championship beating the host nation Eritrea U20 in the final after they beat local rivals Kenya U20 2-1 in the semi-final. Bukenya was also part of the Uganda U23 side that hammered Tanzania's U23 team 5-2 on aggregate and thrashed Kenya's U23 team 5-1 in the first leg en route to qualifying for the 2011 All-Africa Games held in Maputo, Mozambique. After a fine season with Proline FC he was rewarded with selection by Bobby Williamson to take part in the 2011 African Nations Championship held in Sudan where he played every game at the heart of the defence. on 1 June 2013 he played in the 3–0 loss to Libya in Tripoli which was also the first test for newly appointed coach Milutin Sredojević as they prepared to host Liberia on 8 June in a crucial 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification game.

paragraph: Section::::Style of play.

paragraph: When he completed his move, Kaizer Chiefs and South Africa captain Itumeleng Khune said "He is a very good player; the height, the physique and he is quick. He is a complete player, but all I can say is wait for Macufe and you will see what he has in store for us".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bukenya was born to Fred Yiga, a renowned civil servant at the Kampala City Council (KCC) and Justine Nantume. His mother was a tennis player in her youth and it was her inspiration and funding of youth football tournaments around her home area that encouraged Bukenya to become a top professional. Youth coach Moses Kibirango said "When a parent like Bukenya’s mother shows much interest in her son’s development as a footballer, it makes it easy for a coach to work with the player". After her death in 2010 he contemplated quitting game.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: Kaizer Chiefs

paragraph: Absa Premier League

paragraph: .MTN 8(1):2014

paragraph: .Macufe Cup:

paragraph: .Carling Black Label Cup(1) 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arbil SC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iraqi Premier League:

paragraph: BULLET::::- AFC Cup:

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Country.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uganda-U20

paragraph: BULLET::::- CECAFA U-20 Championship: 2010

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- en.soccerwiki.org

description: Ugandan footballer

wikidata_label: Ivan Bukenya

wikipedia_title: Ivan Bukenya


text:
Marsico
Norman
Kingdom of Sicily
Godfrey of Ragusa
Roger I of Sicily
Maio of Bari
Palermo
triumvir
Matthew Bonnellus
King William I
Henry Aristippus
Bishop Palmer
Salerno
notary
Matthew of Ajello
caïd Peter
San Cataldo
Norwich, John Julius
London
Cambridge University Press
"La Citta' Di Ragusa" (story)

categories: Year of birth uncertain,Year of birth unknown,Italo-Normans,Norman warriors,1162 deaths

paragraph: Sylvester of Marsico

paragraph: Sylvester (c. 1100 – 1162), count of Marsico (), was a Norman nobleman of the Kingdom of Sicily.

paragraph: Second son of Godfrey of Ragusa, second eldest son of Roger I of Sicily, he was not a young man when he first rose to importance in the realm. He immediately seized all the property of the Admiral Maio of Bari in Palermo on the latter's assassination (10 November 1160). He was then chosen by the king as one of three triumvirs to succeed Maio's place in the administration.

paragraph: His appointment was made to please the aristocracy which, under Matthew Bonnellus, had murdered Maio. Sylvester, though distantly related to King William I, was possibly a conspirator with Bonnellus. His fellow triumvirs were Henry Aristippus and the Bishop Palmer.

paragraph: When in 1162 William was besieging Salerno, Sylvester and Palmer interceded on behalf of the Salernitan notary Matthew of Ajello to prevent a sack. It was his last important act. He died later that year and was replaced by the caïd Peter. He left a daughter named Matilda who is buried in San Cataldo, the foundation of Maio which Sylvester had secured for himself.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwich, John Julius. "The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194". Longman: London, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthew, Donald. "The Norman Kingdom of Sicily". Cambridge University Press: 1992.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Citta' Di Ragusa" (story)

description: Norman noble

wikidata_label: Sylvester of Marsico

wikipedia_title: Sylvester of Marsico


text: Hong Kong

text: TVB

text: Always Ready

text: Charmaine Sheh

text: Bowie Lam

text: Linda Chung

text: Girls Without Tomorrow 1992

text: "Young and Dangerous" series

text: Chan Ho-nam

text: Andrew Lau

text: The Storm Riders

text: The Legend of Speed

text: A Man Called Hero

text: The Duel

text: Women From Mars

text: Born to Be King

text: My Wife is 18

text: Six Strong Guys

text: The Twins Effect

text: Tokyo Raiders

text: Ultraman

text: My Name is Fame

text: Heavenly Mission

text: Stephen Fung

text: Alex Fong

text: Pang Brothers

text: Forest of Death

text: Huo Yuanjia

text: Jordan Chan

text: The Storm Riders

text: Kamui Gaiden

text: Shawn Yue

text: Rule No. 1

text: Kelvin Tong

text: BMG

text: EEG

text: Albert Yeung

text: Sony BMG

text: Leo Ku

text: Asia Song Festival

text: HK cinemagic entry

categories: People from Enping,TVB veteran actors,Hong Kong male television actors,20th-century Hong Kong male actors,1967 births,Cantopop singers,21st-century Hong Kong singers,Hong Kong male singers,20th-century male singers,Hong Kong Mandopop singers,20th-century Hong Kong singers,Hong Kong male film actors,21st-century Hong Kong male actors,Living people

paragraph: Ekin Cheng

paragraph: Ekin Cheng (born 4 October 1967) is a Hong Kong actor and singer. Early in his career, he used the name Dior as a first name (because that was what it sounded like when his younger sister tried to call him 二哥 in Cantonese). He has also been referred to as Noodle Cheng, (鄭伊麵) after a popular noodle product with a similar name and his wavy long hair. Currently Ekin is the name used.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Television.

paragraph: Cheng began acting in commercials when he was in high school, the most well-known being for Hi-C Lemon Tea. After high school, he enrolled in TVB's Martial Arts school, but did not like it and switched to their acting school. After that he began to get a number of TV roles. The latest TVB series he participated in was "Always Ready", working with Charmaine Sheh, Bowie Lam and Linda Chung.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Film.

paragraph: His first film was "Girls Without Tomorrow 1992" (1992) and at the time he was still called by the name Dior Cheng. He changed his name to "Ekin" before his break-out role in the "Young and Dangerous" series as Chan Ho-nam. The film was first meant to glorify the triad life, but after about the third film, the story focused more on the characters and explored the truth about the Hong Kong triads. It became so popular that it launched Cheng and co-star Jordan Chan to superstar status. And because of its incredible success, it is said to have made many youngsters at that time fond of the triad life, thus making teens throughout Asia join the triads. It also started a trend for triad films around that time and is considered to be a classic. The film led to six sequels, all starring Cheng, and a lucrative working partnership with director Andrew Lau. Together they went on to make "The Storm Riders", which was the highest-grossing Hong Kong movie at the time and the first film to use a truly large number of special effects. They also worked together on "The Legend of Speed", a film about a street racer who would follow his father's footsteps of becoming a racing god, "A Man Called Hero" a movie adaption of the famous comic, about a martial arts master in America "The Duel" starring Cheng, Andy Lau, and a few other famous stars, and the comedy "Women From Mars". In 2000, he acted in a movie titled "Born to Be King". This is the last instalment of a triad movie series "Young & Dangerous".

paragraph: Cheng has branched out in the roles he has taken, including more comedy like earlier in his career with "My Wife is 18" with Charlene Choi and "Six Strong Guys" with singers Hacken Lee, Andy Hui and George Lam. But he still does action-oriented films like "The Twins Effect" where he acts with rising pop superstars Twins and "Tokyo Raiders" where he is cast with Tony Leung and Kelly Chen. "My Wife is 18" tells the story of an arranged marriage between 30-year-old Cheng and 18-year-old Charlene Choi. The significant age difference between the two is the source of the comedy. "Six strong guys" tells the story of Cheng and his other five friends who tell funny stories of the modern Hong Kong man. "The Twins Effect" is an action film about the feuds between vampires and humans who share the same world. "Tokyo Raiders" is about international thievery in Tokyo. He also play as Ming in the legend of zu mountain the movie.

paragraph: Recently, Cheng returned to the movie scene (having taken a break in 2005 to work on the "Ultraman" TV series in Thailand). He had a brief appearance in "My Name is Fame" as himself. Soon after that he starred in "Heavenly Mission", a triad/cop thriller starring alongside Stephen Fung and Alex Fong (this is not the swimmer Alex Fong.). He has completed a Pang Brothers film called The "Forest of Death", which was released in March 2007. His serial filmed in Mainland China based on the life of martial arts master Huo Yuanjia with former "Young & Dangerous" co-star Jordan Chan is currently in syndication. Current projects include a sequel to "The Storm Riders", also directed by Pang Brothers and "Kamui Gaiden" being filmed in Japan. Cheng's latest film with Shawn Yue, "Rule No. 1" directed by Kelvin Tong, won Best Actor Awards for both Cheng and Yue.

paragraph: Cheng's golden age was during the "Young and Dangerous" era. At the turn of the century his popularity declined and he has been criticised as being merely an accidental superstar. He has also been criticised by some as being a wood-like actor with little expression or feeling in his work. Despite these criticisms, Cheng has continued to make movies throughout his career and currently is once again enjoying considerable success.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Music.

paragraph: Cheng had a successful music career with BMG. But in the 2000s, he signed with EEG, a juggernaut company owned by Albert Yeung. Under this company he was 'frozen' and not allowed to put out any records. But as is a custom with EEG, he made several movies with other EEG stars. As of 2004, his contract with EEG ended and he returned to BMG briefly where he released a new record before signing with BMA. As of 2009, Cheng has once again returned as an artist of Sony BMG. Through the course of his career, he has made several hits. Though many criticise Cheng for not having a voice capable of singing harder or higher-noted songs. And though his music career has been going smoothly, his most-acclaimed music came during the Young and Dangerous age. The theme song for Young and Dangerous 1 "Age of Friendship" is considered his best. Though he and Jordan Chan both sing a separate version, it was Cheng who sang it first.

paragraph: In 2007, Cheng made a guest appearance at a Leo Ku concert and received popular applause from the audience. He also represented Hong Kong in the 2009 Asia Song Festival, performing two songs. Since his last concert held 11 years ago, E-kin plans to hold his coming back concert during 18–19 December 2009 in Hong Kong.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Radio.

paragraph: In the 1990s, Cheng also starred in a number of radio dramas.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Others.

paragraph: In 2002 Cheng was asked to be the official Ocean Environment Ambassador. The Chief Secretary of HKSAR, Anthony Tsang presented the appointment letter. At the same press conference WWF also asked Cheng to be their Ambassador with a special interest in the marine environment. In this capacity he travelled to WWF's Whale Shark conservation site in 2007. TVB's Jade Channel aired the documentary.

paragraph: 2006 saw the publication of Cheng's first book, 'Looking into Ekin's Eyes'. This book was very successful and is now in its third edition. In 2007 a Japanese version of the book was published.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Endorsements.

paragraph: Cheng has been asked by numerous companies to endorse their products. The most notable are Canon IXUS, Seiko, Shiseido JS and HTC. In 2008, Kingsoft featured Cheng in their popular online game The First Myth 2 (封神榜II) as ""Er Lang Shen"" (二郎神) a character in the game.

paragraph: Throughout his career Cheng has been featured in many magazines, and photo books, including an autobiography in "Yes Idol" Magazine (1997).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BMA's Official Website for Ekin / Ekin's Blog

paragraph: BULLET::::- HK cinemagic entry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ekinpedia An online encyclopedia of Ekin Cheng

description: Hong Kong actor and singer

wikidata_label: Ekin Cheng

wikipedia_title: Ekin Cheng


text:
Los Angeles
KABC-AM
BBC Radio 5 Live
KUSC
America's Most Wanted
John Walsh
Fox television
Jesse Jackson
Saddam Hussein
Baghdad
Gulf War
Berserkistan
radio journalist
KNX-AM
RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award
Owens Valley
Home page
Michael Linder at KABC
Michael Jackson trial blog

categories: American television executives,American male journalists,Year of birth missing (living people),Living people,America's Most Wanted

paragraph: Michael Linder

paragraph: Michael Linder is an American television producer and broadcast journalist based in Los Angeles, currently an investigative reporter for KABC-AM and an executive producer for Natural 9 Entertainment in Burbank. He is a contributor to BBC Radio 5 Live and KUSC.

paragraph: Linder created and executive produced "America's Most Wanted" in 1988, casting host John Walsh and launching the first hit series on the nascent Fox television network. He left the program in 1990.

paragraph: In 1990, Linder created and executive produced "The Jesse Jackson Show" leading a crew and host Jackson to interview Saddam Hussein in Baghdad as troops massed for the Gulf War and negotiating the release of 227 hostages held by Hussein in Kuwait City and Baghdad, including the staff of the U.S. embassy in Kuwait City.

paragraph: In 1995-6 Linder created and produced "Berserkistan" with photojournalist Jim Bartlett, credited as the first Internet site to cover a war (Bosnia) on location.

paragraph: From 2004 through 2009, Linder served as a radio journalist for KNX-AM. He has won numerous broadcast journalism honors including a for a series on street gang impacts on children and an RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award for coverage of water issues in California's Owens Valley.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Home page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Linder at KABC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Jackson trial blog

description: American journalist

wikidata_label: Michael Linder

wikipedia_title: Michael Linder


text:
Brentwood, California
American
model
actress
Brentwood, California
University of California at Berkeley
Playboy
Playmate of the Month
centerfold
Congress
Sands Hotel
Jack Entratter
director
George Sidney
The Swinger
The Lucifer Complex
The Limit
The Party
Who's Minding the Mint?
Murderers' Row
The Swinger
The Murder Men
Arson for Hire
Cannon
Ironside
The F.B.I.
The Monkees
The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet
Hazel
Bachelor Father
Peter Gunn
You Bet Your Life
List of people in Playboy 1953-1959

categories: 1937 births,Playboy Playmates (1953–59),Living people,Female models from California

paragraph: Corinne Cole

paragraph: Lari Laine was the pseudonym briefly used by Corinne Cole (born Corinne Elaine Kegley on April 13, 1937 in Brentwood, California), who is an American model and actress; she predominantly used her stage name in her acting career, however, after around 1959.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Cole was born and raised in Brentwood, California, the daughter Alice Polk Kegley, a descendant of President James Knox Polk and former Ziegfeld Girl, and Carl S. Kegley, a criminal-trial attorney. She studied journalism at the University of California at Berkeley. She was "Playboy" magazine's Playmate of the Month for the May 1958 issue, with her centerfold photographed by Ron Vogel. According to "The Playmate Book", Corrine Cole used a pseudonym for her "Playboy" appearance because her father was considering running for Congress and she didn't want to disrupt those plans.

paragraph: In 1968, Cole married her first husband, Sands Hotel boss Jack Entratter; they divorced a few years later. In 1972, she married Roger Heffron; they had a child and divorced in 1980. In 1990, she married her third husband, director George Sidney, with whom she worked on the 1966 film "The Swinger". He died in 2002 after 12 years of marriage to Cole.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Films.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lucifer Complex" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Limit" (1972) ... Judy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Party" (1968) ... Janice Kane

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who's Minding the Mint?" (1967) ... Doris Miller

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Murderers' Row" (1966) ... Miss January

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Swinger" (1966) ... Sir Hubert's Secretary

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Murder Men" (1961) (as Lari Laine)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arson for Hire" (1959) (as Lari Laine) ... Cindy, the secretary

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cannon" - "Memo from a Dead Man" (1973) ... Sigurd

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ironside" - "Side Pocket" (1968) ... Judy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The F.B.I." - "Region of Peril" (1968) ... Linda Soames

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Monkees" - "Wild Monkees" (1967) ... Queenie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet" - "A Wife in the Office" (1964) ... Miss Logan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hazel" - "Barney Hatfield, Where Are You?" (1962) … Boo-Boo Bedoux

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bachelor Father" - "Bentley and the Beauty Contest" (1959) … Miss Saskatchewan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peter Gunn" - "The Ugly Frame" (1959) ... uncredited

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Bet Your Life" - #58-08, Nov 13, 1958 ... Lari Lane

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of people in Playboy 1953-1959

alias:
Corinne Cole
Corinne Kegley

description: American Playboy Playmate

wikidata_label: Lari Laine

wikipedia_title: Corinne Cole


text:
Norwegian
Gjerpen
Skien
Telemark
Diderik von Cappelen
Peder von Cappelen
Nicolai Benjamin Aall
Nicolai Benjamin
Ulrik Frederik
Drammen
Jens Lauritz Arup
Didrik
Fritz Trampe Flood
Jørgen Wright Cappelen
Kristiania
J.W. Cappelens Forlag
Porsgrund
Eidanger
Gunboat War

categories: 1820 deaths,People from Porsgrunn,Norwegian businesspeople in shipping,People from Skien,1770 births

paragraph: Ulrich Fredrich von Cappelen

paragraph: Ulrich Fredrich von Cappelen (1770–1820) was a Norwegian businessman, ship owner and timber merchant.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Ulrich Fredrich von Cappelen grew up in at Mæla Manor in Gjerpen ("Mæla gård i Gjerpen") in the municipality of Skien in Telemark. He was one of the sons of the wholesaler, timber merchant and ship owner Diderich von Cappelen (1734–1794) and his first wife Petronelle Pedersdatter Juel (1737–1785). He had two older brothers, Diderik von Cappelen and Peder von Cappelen, a sister and one younger half-brother.

paragraph: In 1793 he married Benedicte Henrikke Aall (1772–1812), daughter of Nicolai Benjamin Aall and Amborg Jørgensdatter, née Wesseltoft. The couple had nine children, many of whom became noteworthy citizens. The sons Nicolai Benjamin and Ulrik Frederik became jurists and members of the national parliament. The third son, Wittus Juel, became a merchant in Drammen. The daughters Didricha and Louise were married consecutively to bishop and politician Jens Lauritz Arup. The fourth daughter Benedicte married her cousin Hans Blom Cappelen; their son Didrik became a member of parliament while their daughter Marie married Fritz Trampe Flood of the notable Flood ship-owner family. Their fourth son Jørgen Wright Cappelen moved to Kristiania (now Oslo) and founded the publishing house J.W. Cappelens Forlag. Except for Nicolai Benjamin, they all have descendants living in Norway today.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Some time after the death of his father in 1794, he moved to Porsgrund, and started as a timber merchant and ship owner. He had inherited real estate and other assets with which he bought more property, especially in the rural parish of Eidanger. He operated sawmills and marketed timber.

paragraph: However, during the Gunboat War (1807-1814), British Naval forces conducted an economic war, regularly seizing merchant vessels. The British Navy also conducted raids and disrupted Norwegian foreign trade. The subsequent Norwegian economic depression had a very negative impact on von Cappelen's mercantile business. He was virtually bankrupt upon his death in 1820.

description: Norwegian businessman

wikidata_label: Ulrich Fredrich von Cappelen

wikipedia_title: Ulrich Fredrich von Cappelen


text:
American football
linebacker
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Canadian Football League
Washington Redskins
undrafted free agent
college football
Vanderbilt
Kansas City Chiefs
Detroit Lions
Philadelphia Eagles
Pittsburgh Steelers
Arizona Cardinals
Memphis, Tennessee
White Station High School
tight end
tackles
sacks
weakside linebacker
touchdown
Vanderbilt University
Mississippi State
Tennessee Tech
Memphis
redshirted
scout team
Arkansas
Florida
Tennessee State
Ole Miss
quarterback
Brent Schaeffer
Marcus Buggs
South Carolina
2008 NFL Draft
practice squad
Johnny Baldwin
Kansas City Chiefs
Denver Broncos
Cincinnati
Detroit Lions
Philadelphia Eagles
Pittsburgh Steelers
Donovan Woods
Arizona Cardinals
Philadelphia Eagles bio
Pittsburgh Steelers bio
Vanderbilt Commodores bio
Washington Redskins bio

categories: Kansas City Chiefs players,Detroit Lions players,Washington Redskins players,Philadelphia Eagles players,Vanderbilt Commodores football players,Pittsburgh Steelers players,American football defensive ends,1985 births,Players of American football from Tennessee,American football linebackers,Arizona Cardinals players,Living people,People from Memphis, Tennessee

paragraph: Curtis Gatewood

paragraph: James Curtis Gatewood (born May 18, 1985) is a former American football linebacker. He most recently played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League. He was signed by the Washington Redskins as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Vanderbilt.

paragraph: Gatewood has also been a member of the Kansas City Chiefs, Detroit Lions, Philadelphia Eagles, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Arizona Cardinals.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Gatewood was born to Beverly Burnette and James Gatewood in Memphis, Tennessee. Growing up, Gatewood played basketball and soccer before deciding to play football in the fourth grade. As a sophomore at White Station High School in Memphis, he played both tight end and defensive end before sitting out his junior year in football to play basketball and to run track. However, Gatewood returned to playing football as a senior and recorded 45 tackles, 2.5 sacks and two fumble recoveries while playing weakside linebacker. On offense, Gatewood caught nine passes for 146 yards and one touchdown. Following the season he was named First-team All-Region.

paragraph: On July 8, 2003, Gatewood officially committed to Vanderbilt University becoming the first recruit from Memphis to sign with Vanderbilt since 1997. Gatewood also received scholarship offers from Mississippi State, Tennessee Tech and Memphis.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: As a true freshman in 2003, Gatewood was redshirted but was named the scout team Defensive Player of the Week three times. In 2004, he played in every game as a backup linebacker and on special teams. He recorded nine tackles including multi tackle games on two occasions. As a redshirt sophomore in 2005, Gatewood moved from linebacker to defensive end and recorded 22 tackles. Against Arkansas and Florida he recorded a season-high four tackles.

paragraph: Gatewood started every game for Vanderbilt in 2006 and led the team in sacks with seven. He set his career high in tackles and sacks on September 30 against Tennessee State with nine and 1.5 respectively. He ended his junior season with 49 tackles, eight sacks, three fumble recoveries and two forced fumbles.

paragraph: To start off his senior season in 2007, Gatewood sacked Ole Miss quarterback Brent Schaeffer on fourth down which gave the Commodores the ball. Vanderbilt scored on the following drive giving them a 31–17 lead. On October 20, Gatewood teamed up with linebacker Marcus Buggs to sack South Carolina quarterback Blake Mitchell on consecutive downs to preserve a 17–6 lead for Vanderbilt. He ended the season with seven sacks after he predicted he'd record 15 sacks before the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:First stint with Redskins.

paragraph: Gatewood went undrafted in the 2008 NFL Draft and signed with the Washington Redskins on April 28 as an undrafted free agent. He was waived as a final cut on August 30 after spending the entire offseason with the team. He was re-signed to the practice squad the next day. However, Gatewood was released from the practice squad on September 24 in favor of linebacker Johnny Baldwin. Gatewood was re-signed to the practice squad on October 10 after Baldwin suffered a knee injury.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: Gatewood was signed off the Redskins practice squad by the Kansas City Chiefs on November 20, 2008. He played in six games for the Chiefs recording his first career tackle on December 7 against the Denver Broncos and then another tackle on December 28 against Cincinnati. He was waived by Kansas City on April 21, 2009, following the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Lions.

paragraph: The Detroit Lions claimed Gatewood off waivers on April 23, 2009 before being waived/injured on August 9 with a hamstring injury.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Philadelphia Eagles.

paragraph: Gatewood was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles on August 25, 2009. He was released as a final cut on September 5.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.

paragraph: After spending almost three months unemployed, Gatewood was signed to the Pittsburgh Steelers' practice squad on November 19, 2009 taking the spot of Donovan Woods.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Second stint with Redskins.

paragraph: On December 15, 2009, Gatewood was signed off Pittsburgh's practice squad by the Washington Redskins. He was cut from the roster on September 4, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Arizona Cardinals.

paragraph: Gatewood was signed to the Arizona Cardinals' practice squad on September 7, 2010. He was released on September 21. He was re-signed to the practice squad on October 6. He was waived on August 29, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philadelphia Eagles bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pittsburgh Steelers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vanderbilt Commodores bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington Redskins bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Curtis Gatewood

wikipedia_title: Curtis Gatewood


text:
Serbian epic poetry
Vratislav
Nemanjić Dynasty
Dmitar
Prince Vukan
Serb Emperor
Stefan Dušan
Serbian-Greek
Jovan Oliver
Byzantine
John VI Kantakouzenos
Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
Serbian Empire
Serres
John VI Kantakouzenos
Milica
Prince Lazar
Moravian Serbia
Church of Jug Bogdan
Prokuplje
Venetians
Frescoes
Jugović brothers
Banović Strahinja
pasha
Battle of Kosovo

categories: Characters in Serbian epic poetry,Medieval Serbian military leaders,Year of birth uncertain,14th-century Serbian royalty,Generals of Stefan Dušan,People of the Serbian Empire

image: 512px-Старина_Југ_Богдан.jpg

paragraph: Vratko Nemanjić

paragraph: Vratko Nemanjić (, ; fl. 1325-1355) was a Serbian warrior and Hero character known as Jug Bogdan (Југ Богдан, ) in Serbian epic poetry.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in the early 14th century to Vratislav of the Nemanjić Dynasty, the son of Dmitar, and grandson of Prince Vukan (r. 1202-1204). He was a commander of Serb Emperor Stefan Dušan, and was sent with Serbian-Greek Jovan Oliver to negotiate with Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos prior to the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 in which the Serbian Empire would fight on both sides. Vratko and Oliver led the Serbian army to attack Serres on orders by John VI Kantakouzenos.

paragraph: He was the father of Milica who was the wife of Prince Lazar, the ruler of Moravian Serbia.

paragraph: The Church of Jug Bogdan in Prokuplje, known among the locals as "the Latin church" after Venetians lived in the city briefly, was built by Jug Bogdan in the 14th century on a hill on the previous location of a 5th-century church which in turn was at the location of a temple from the 2nd century dedicated to Hercules. Parts and Frescoes of the two previous churches have been found.

paragraph: Section::::Serbian epic poetry.

paragraph: In the Serbian epic poems, Jug Bogdan is the father of the "Jugovići" (nine Jugović brothers). One of his daughters Anđelija is married to Banović Strahinja, but was kidnapped by Ottoman vassal Vlah Alija. Strahinja asks Jug Bogdan if he and his brothers-in-law (the Jugovići) could rescue her, but Jug Bogdan refused, since Anđelija had slept with the Turk, and brought great shame to the family.

paragraph: He was killed together with his nine sons by the eight pasha (the seven before him had been killed) of the Ottoman Empire during the Battle of Kosovo. Where he is said to have fallen there is today a monument with a large white cross standing and the inscription:

paragraph: "Honor to the ancestors who taught us how to create a great fatherland. We will guard it and agree that it is more difficult to guard than to acquire.

wikidata_label: Vratko Nemanjić

wikipedia_title: Vratko Nemanjić