text: Major General

text: British Army

text: Ferney

text: Thomas Trench

text: Viscount Harberton

text: Rathangan, County Kildare

text: Cheam

text: Royal Military College, Sandhurst

text: ensigncy without purchase

text: Queen's foot

text: George Grey

text: Kaffirland

text: Taku forts

text: Peking

text: Staff College, Sandhurst

text: Gold Coast

text: Garnet Wolseley

text: 'Africa Ring'

text: Natal

text: Transvaal

text: Swaziland

text: Delagoa Bay

text: Lord Lytton

text: Treaty of Gandamak

text: Louis Cavagnari

text: Kabul

text: second Afghan war

text: Companion of the Order of the Bath

text: Second Anglo-Afghan War

text: Lord Lytton

text: Treaty of Gandamak

text: Boer

text: Heidelberg, Transvaal

text: Battle of Laing's Nek

text: Ingogo Heights

text: Evelyn Wood

text: Pietermaritzburg

text: Majuba

text: Elizabeth Bowen

text: Ralph Fiennes

text: Joseph Fiennes

categories: Companions of the Order of the Bath,British military personnel killed in the First Boer War,1881 deaths,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India,Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George,People from County Kildare,1835 births,British Army generals,British Army personnel of the Second Opium War,British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Ashanti War,Queen's Royal Regiment officers

paragraph: George Pomeroy Colley

paragraph: Major General Sir George Pomeroy Colley, (1 November 1835 – 27 February 1881) was a British Army officer who became Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Natal and High Commissioner for South Eastern Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: He was third and youngest son of the Hon. George Francis Pomeroy (George Francis Colley from 1830) of Ferney, co. Dublin, by his wife, Frances, third daughter of Thomas Trench, dean of Kildare, and was grandson of John Pomeroy, 4th Viscount Harberton. Raised in Rathangan, County Kildare, he was educated at Cheam, Surrey, where his headmaster, Dr Mayo, described him as ‘swift to take offence, prompt and vigorous in resenting it.’

paragraph: He was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, where he was first in general merit and good conduct at the examinations in May 1852, and was appointed at the age of sixteen to an ensigncy without purchase in the 2nd or Queen's foot. His biographer Sir William F. Butler writes: ‘George Colley at this time has been described to me by one who remembers him well in his seventeenth year. He was slight and well proportioned, but with a look of great physical strength. The features possessed the strongly moulded type noticeable in several branches of the Colley race; the brown hair fell upon a forehead already suggesting intellectual power. His chief interests at this time were the artistic and literary pursuits which always held their own, notwithstanding an arduous professional life, until in the stress of the last few years they were necessarily laid aside. On such topics he was, I am told, often full of talk — at other times silent and dreamy. Though finished in manner even as a lad, he himself seems in his boyish years to have suffered from a quite disproportionate sense of shyness.'

paragraph: After two years' service with the depot, he was promoted to a lieutenancy without purchase, and joined the headquarters of his regiment, then on the eastern frontier of Cape Colony.

paragraph: In 1857-8 he held a border magistracy at the Cape, and showed great energy. On one occasion he received notice from the governor, Sir George Grey, of an insurrection which he had already suppressed. He was also employed to execute a survey of the Trans-kei country, a dangerous service in the then disturbed state of Kaffirland. When the Queen's were ordered to China, Colley rejoined his regiment, in which he obtained his company on 12 June 1860, and was present with it at the capture of the Taku forts, the actions of 12–14 August and 18–21 September 1860, and the advance on Peking.

paragraph: Section::::Staff College.

paragraph: His regiment went home, and he returned for a brief period to the Cape to complete his work there, and then entered the Staff College, Sandhurst. He came out at the head of the list the same year, having passed with great distinction in ten months instead of the ordinary two years.

paragraph: Colley was an accomplished artist in water-colours, and spent much of his leave in sketching tours on Dartmoor, in Normandy, Spain, and other places. His literary attainments were considerable. He was in the habit of rising early, and securing always two hours before breakfast time for some special study. He thus acquired the Russian language, and studied chemistry, political economy, and other subjects not directly connected with his profession.

paragraph: In recognition of his services he was promoted to a brevet-majority on 6 March 1863. After serving for some years as major of brigade at Plymouth, the headquarters of the western district, he was appointed professor of military administration and law at the Staff College. While there he wrote the article 'Army,' extending over sixty pages, for the ninth edition of the 'Encyclopædia Britannica.' He was engaged on this work from June to November 1873. The last portion of the manuscript was sent in a few days before the author, now a lieutenant-colonel, started for the at the Gold Coast to join the Ashanti expedition under Sir Garnet Wolseley. Arriving at a time when the failure of the transport was causing serious apprehension, Colley infused new life into that service; and the administrative skill and energy which he displayed contributed largely to the success of the expedition. He became part of the 'Africa Ring'.

paragraph: Early in 1875 Colley, who had been made a colonel for his services in Ashanti, accompanied Sir Garnet Wolseley on a special mission to Natal, where he temporarily undertook the duties of colonial treasurer, in which capacity he was instrumental in introducing many reforms into the administration of the colony. But the chief feature of this visit to South Africa was a journey that he made into the Transvaal, and thence through Swaziland to the Portuguese settlement at Delagoa Bay, which bore fruit in a valuable report, and a map, which is entered in the 'British Museum Map Catalogue,' 67075.

paragraph: When Lord Lytton was appointed viceroy of India, early in 1876, he took Colley as his military secretary. This appointment was subsequently exchanged for the higher one of private secretary to the viceroy. It is no secret that in this capacity Colley exercised great influence in the events which led to the occupation of Kabul and the Treaty of Gandamak.

paragraph: He was still holding the office of private secretary to the viceroy when Sir Garnet Wolseley, on being ordered from Cyprus to Natal, after the disasters in Zululand, asked that Colley might join him, to which Lord Lytton consented.

paragraph: Colley accordingly served as chief of the staff to Wolseley in Zululand and the Transvaal, until the murder of Sir Louis Cavagnari at Kabul, and the outbreak of the second Afghan war caused his recall to India, when he resumed his post of private secretary to the viceroy.

paragraph: Colley, who had received the distinctions of Companion of the Order of the Bath and Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, was created Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India in recognition of his official services in India.

paragraph: Section::::Second Anglo-Afghan War.

paragraph: Colley served nearly all of his military and administrative career in British South Africa, but he played a significant part in the Second Anglo-Afghan War as military secretary and then private secretary to the governor-general of India, Lord Lytton. The war began in November 1878 and ended in May 1879 with the Treaty of Gandamak. After the war Colley returned to South Africa, became high commissioner for South Eastern Africa in 1880, and died a year later at the Battle of Majuba Hill during the First Boer War.

paragraph: Section::::First Boer War.

paragraph: Gladstone, the incoming Liberal Prime Minister was convinced that Beaconfieldism had alienated the Boers. To soften the blow of annexation by the British Empire, he resolved to decentralise a form of local government to the Transvaal Boers. This would be administered to them by the Governor-General of the Cape, Sir Bartle Frere, and the new Governor of the Natal, Major-General Sir George Colley. On 24 April 1880, he was appointed to the Natal command, with the rank of major-general, succeeding Sir Garnet Wolseley as governor and commander-in-chief in Natal, and high commissioner for South-eastern Africa. The close of that year found affairs in the Transvaal, which had been annexed since 1877, in a very critical state.

paragraph: 'Dingan's Day', 16 December 1880, a Boer republic was proclaimed at Heidelberg, Transvaal. Colley telegraphed London to express doubt that a Boer revolt was unlikely. The Liberal Government was in disarray: while left-leaning MPs called on the cabinet and colonial office to withdraw from the Transvaal and 'end the war' the Queen's Speech indicated that Her Majesty required imperial authority be restored. Yet within the new year Colley found himself compelled to take immediate measures for the relief of the small garrisons of British troops scattered throughout that territory, and those already besieged. With the small force available about fifteen hundred men he at once proceeded to the extreme northern border of Natal, and in the course of January had several conflicts with the Boer forces, the principal being at Battle of Laing's Nek and Ingogo Heights, the former of which was unsuccessful.

paragraph: On 17 February 1881, Sir Evelyn Wood, who had been appointed second in command, arrived at Newcastle with some additional troops, afterwards returning to Pietermaritzburg, and on 26 February, by a night march, Colley, with part of the troops, occupied, after an arduous climb of eight hours, a height known as Majuba, with a commanding view overlooking the Boer camp. Next morning, after a comparatively harmless fusillade, the hill was suddenly and quite unexpectedly carried by a rush of the Boers, Colley being shot dead by a rifle bullet through the forehead. As Edward Mahon, Surgeon, later explained to Sir George’s brother Henry:

paragraph: 'I saw him [the General] near the centre of the plateau on the top of the hill. They [the Boers] asked me to identify him, and this I did. He was only wounded once, and that through the top of the skull. Death must have been instantaneous. From the direction of the wound, he must have been facing the Boers when hit.'

paragraph: On the same day, London received a cable that Colley had been killed. The Prime Minister was ill in bed when he received the news which he referred to as "The Hand of Judgment?" and interpreted as a punishment for his Africa policy.

paragraph: He is buried at Mount Prospect Cemetery, Natal. Colley's death persuaded the Imperial government to act, to reassert its authority. The Queen urged the negotiating convention to avoid "troubles" in South Africa. In August the Pretoria session opened, and a British Resident was proposed as a permanent Crown representative in which was described as "an illusionists trick". The Volksraad would have to ratify the Convention's proceedings if the Boer republic was to accept its own freedom reinforcing their own "volkisch", nationhood and identity. "The government", said Gladstone, sought to "signalise itself by walking in the plain and simple ways of right and justice, and which desires never to build up an empire except in the happiness of the governed." Lord Salisbury was disgusted by the convention, demanding that the empire's suzerainty was immediately enforced. Colley's defeat and death highlighted the strains and tensions between empire and the governed, local governance and an Imperial Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Colley married, in 1878, Edith, daughter of Major General H. Meade Hamilton, CB. They had no children but, by his marriage to Elizabeth Wingfield, Sir George's brother Henry FitzGeorge Colley was the father of ten children, including George Colley (whose descendants include historian Turtle Bunbury and designer Sasha Sykes), Edward Colley (who went down with the "Titanic"), Florence Bowen (the mother of Elizabeth Bowen), Gertrude Fiennes (great-grandmother to the actors Ralph Fiennes and Joseph Fiennes) and Bessie (who married Frederick Coplestone, the first Chief Justice of Burma).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

description: British Army general

wikidata_label: George Pomeroy Colley

wikipedia_title: George Pomeroy Colley


text: Glasgow

text: socialite

text: Glasgow

text: David Hamilton

text: Helensburgh

text: Victorian

text: Channel Islands

text: arsenic

text: Ramshorn Cemetery

text: John Inglis, Lord Glencorse

text: Andrew Douglas Maclagan

text: not proven

text: William Morris

text: Fabian Society

text: William A. Sheehy

text: Lizzie Borden

text: criminologist

text: The Scotsman

text: David Lean

text: Madeleine

text: Jack House

text: Square Mile of Murder

text: BBC

text: television play

text: Killer in Close-Up

text: George F. Kerr

text: Sydney

text: Wilkie Collins

text: The Law and the Lady

text: arsenic poisoning

text: Joan Crawford

text: Nils Asther

text: Robert Montgomery

text: Letty Lynton

text: Marie Adelaide Belloc Lowndes

text: pre-code Hollywood

text: Mutual Radio

text: The Black Museum

text: Norah Lofts

text: Christianna Brand

text: Edinburgh Wax Museum

text: Royal Mile

text: House, Jack

text: Geary, Rick

text: The Madeleine Smith Story

text: Crime Library

text: Madeleine Wardle in later life

categories: Murder in Scotland,1835 births,People associated with Glasgow,Anglo-Scots,Trials in Scotland,Place of birth missing,People acquitted of murder,1857 in Scotland,Scots law,1928 deaths,Scottish socialites

paragraph: Madeleine Smith

paragraph: Madeleine Hamilton Smith (29 March 1835 – 12 April 1928) was a 19th-century Glasgow socialite who was the accused in a sensational murder trial in Scotland in 1857.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Smith was the first child (of five) of an upper-middle-class family in Glasgow; her father, James Smith (1808–1863) was a wealthy architect, and her mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of leading neo-classical architect David Hamilton. The family lived at No 7, Blythswood Square, Glasgow, and also had a country property, "Rowaleyn", near Helensburgh.

paragraph: Smith broke the strict Victorian conventions of the time when, as a young woman in early 1855, she began a secret love affair with Pierre Emile L'Angelier, an apprentice nurseryman who originally came from the Channel Islands.

paragraph: The pair would meet late at night, at Smith's bedroom window and also engaged in voluminous correspondence. During one of their infrequent meetings alone, she lost her virginity to L'Angelier.

paragraph: Smith's parents, unaware of the affair with L'Angelier (whom Smith had promised to marry) found a suitable fiancé for her within the Glasgow upper-middle class, William Harper Minnoch.

paragraph: Smith attempted to break her connection with L'Angelier and, in February 1857, asked him to return the letters she had written to him. Instead, L'Angelier threatened to use the letters to expose her and force her to marry him. She was soon observed in a druggist's office, ordering arsenic, which she signed for as M.H. Smith.

paragraph: Early on the morning of 23 March 1857, L'Angelier died from arsenic poisoning. He is buried in the Ramshorn Cemetery on Ingram Street in Glasgow.

paragraph: After his death, Madeleine Smith's numerous letters were found in the house where he lodged, and she was arrested and charged with his murder.

paragraph: Section::::Trial.

paragraph: At trial, Smith was defended by advocate John Inglis, Lord Glencorse. Toxicological evidence, confirming that the victim had died of arsenic poisoning, was given by Andrew Douglas Maclagan.

paragraph: Although the circumstantial evidence pointed towards her guilt (Smith had made purchases of arsenic in the weeks leading up to L'Angelier's death, and had a clear motive) the jury returned a verdict of "not proven", i.e. the jury was unconvinced that Smith was innocent, but the prosecution had produced insufficient evidence to the contrary.

paragraph: Crucial to the case was the chronology of certain letters from Smith to l'Angelier, and as the letters themselves were undated, the case hinged to some extent on the envelopes. One letter in particular depended on the correct interpretation of the date of the postmark which was unfortunately illegible, and attracted some caustic comments from the judge; but the vast majority of these postmarks were quite clearly struck. It transpired that when the police searched L'Angelier's room, many of Smith's letters were found without their envelopes and were then hurriedly collected and stuck into whichever envelopes came to hand.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: The notoriety of the alleged crime and trial were scandalous enough for Smith to leave Scotland.

paragraph: On 4 July 1861 she married an artist named George Wardle, William Morris's business manager. They had one son (Thomas, born 1864) and one daughter (Mary, called "Kitten", born 1863). For a time she became involved with the Fabian Society in London, and sometimes made the coffee at meetings. As she was known by her new married name not everyone knew who she was, but a few did.

paragraph: After many years of marriage, she and her husband separated in 1889 and Madeleine moved to New York City. Around 1916, she married a second time to William A. Sheehy and this marriage lasted until his death in 1926.

paragraph: She died in 1928 and was buried under the name of Lena Wardle Sheehy.

paragraph: Section::::Later theories.

paragraph: As in the case of Lizzie Borden, scholars and amateur criminologists have spent decades going over the "minutiae" of the case.

paragraph: Most modern scholars believe that Smith committed the crime and the only thing that saved her from a guilty verdict and a death sentence was that no eyewitness could prove that Smith and l'Angellier had met in the weeks before his death.

paragraph: After the trial, "The Scotsman" ran a small article stating that a witness had come forward claiming that a young male and female were seen outside Smith's house on the night of l'Angellier's death. However, the trial was already in progress, and the witness could not be questioned during it.

paragraph: Section::::Dramatisations.

paragraph: Smith's story was the basis for several plays and the David Lean film "Madeleine" (1950). Jack House's book "Square Mile of Murder" (1961), which contains a section on Smith, formed the basis for a BBC television version in 1980. A television play based upon the case, "Killer in Close-Up: The Trial Of Madeleine Smith", written by George F. Kerr, was also produced by Sydney television station ABN-2, broadcast on 13 August 1958.

paragraph: The case was an inspiration for Wilkie Collins' novel "The Law and the Lady" (1875), though the only main similar features were the problem of the Scottish "Not Proven" verdict and arsenic poisoning as a means for murder.

paragraph: In the early 1930s, MGM starred Joan Crawford, Nils Asther and Robert Montgomery in a film called "Letty Lynton", which was based on a 1931 novel of the same title by Marie Adelaide Belloc Lowndes. This film closely follows Madeleine's story, except that Crawford's character is never charged and, in an example of pre-code Hollywood, gets away with murder. The film is not presently available due to a copyright suit filed shortly after the film's release in 1932.

paragraph: The case was again dramatized in 1952 for Mutual Radio in an episode of The Black Museum titled "The Small White Boxes".

paragraph: Other novels based on the case include "The House in Queen Anne's Square" (1920) by William Darling Lyell, "Lovers All Untrue" (1970) by Norah Lofts, and "Alas, for Her That Met Me!" (1976) by Mary Ann Ashe (pseudonym of Christianna Brand).

paragraph: From 1976 to 1989 Madeleine Smith was one of the figures in the Chamber of Horrors section in the Edinburgh Wax Museum on the Royal Mile.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campbell, Jimmy Powdrell. "Rewriting The Madeleine Smith Story". 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diamond, Michael (2003) "Victorian Sensation" London: Anthem. . pp. 172–176

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacGowan, Douglas. "The Strange Affair of Madeleine Smith: Victorian Scotland's Trial of the Century". (Mercat Press, 2007). .

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacGowan, Douglas. "Murder in Victorian Scotland: The Trial of Madeleine Smith". (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- House, Jack (1961) "Square Mile of Murder". Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mackay, James. "Scotland's Post" (2000) Glasgow

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geary, Rick (2006) "A Treasury of Victorian Murder: The Case of Madeleine Smith". New York: NBM.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gordon, Eleanor & Nair, Gwyneth (2009) "Murder and morality in Victorian Britain: The Story of Madeleine Smith". Manchester: Manchester University Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hartman, M. S. (1979) "Murder for respectability : The case of Madeleine Smith". "Victorian Studies", 16:4, 381–400. Publisher: Indiana University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morland, Nigel (USA: 1988) "That Nice Miss Smith"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Most Curious Murder – The Madeleine Smith Story

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Madeleine Smith Story at the Crime Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madeleine Wardle in later life

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contemporary description of the accused; testimony

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contemporary description of the accused; correspondence between her and the deceased

description: Accused in a murder trial in Scotland

wikidata_label: Madeleine Smith

wikipedia_title: Madeleine Smith


text:
English
architect
Elizabethan
stonemason
Longleat
Sir John Thynne
Hardwick Hall
Wollaton Hall
Burton Agnes Hall
Gawthorpe Hall
John Thynne
Renaissance
Sebastiano Serlio
Flemish
English Gothic
glass
Bolsover Castle

categories: 1535 births,Renaissance architects,Year of birth uncertain,16th-century English architects,1614 deaths,People of the Tudor period,17th-century English architects

paragraph: Robert Smythson

paragraph: Robert Smythson (1535 – 15 October 1614) was an English architect. Smythson designed a number of notable houses during the Elizabethan era. Little is known about his birth and upbringing—his first mention in historical records comes in 1556, when he was stonemason for the house at Longleat, built by Sir John Thynne (ca. 1512-1580). He later designed Hardwick Hall, Wollaton Hall, Burton Agnes Hall, and other significant projects. Historically, a number of other Elizabethan houses, such as Gawthorpe Hall have been attributed to him on stylistic grounds.

paragraph: In Britain at this time, the profession of architect was in its most embryonic stage of development. Smythson was trained as a stonemason, and by the 1560s was travelling England as a master mason leading his own team of masons. In 1568 he moved from London to Wiltshire to commence work on the new house at Longleat for Sir John Thynne; he worked there for almost eighteen years, carving personally much of the external detail, and he is believed to have had a strong influence on the overall design of the building. In 1580 he moved to his next project—Wollaton Hall. At Wollaton he was clearly more a "surveyor" (the term at that time for an architect) than a stonemason, and was in charge of overall construction.

paragraph: Smythson's style was more than a fusion of influences; although Renaissance, especially Sebastiano Serlio, Flemish and English Gothic notes can be seen in his work, he produced some ingenious adaptations, resulting in classically detailed, innovative domestic buildings. Hardwick in particular is noted for its use of glass.

paragraph: Smythson died at Wollaton in 1614 and is buried in the parish church there; his memorial includes these words "Architecter (sic) and Surveyor unto the most worthy house of Wollaton with divers others of great account." His son John Smythson (Bolsover Castle) and grandson Huntingdon Smithson (as he spelt the family name) were also architects.

description: British architect

wikidata_label: Robert Smythson

wikipedia_title: Robert Smythson


text:
Breath
Shahrzad
I Am Diego Maradona

categories: Actresses from Tehran,Iranian actresses,1977 births

paragraph: Pantea Panahiha

paragraph: Pantea Panahiha () is an Iranian film and theater actress.

paragraph: Section::::Selected Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 – Abji

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – In Silence

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – Red Lacquer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – Duet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – Breath

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – Aaaadat Nemikonim

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – Shahrzad

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – Arvand

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 – Buffalo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 – Ginkgo: Suspended Narrative

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 – I Am Diego Maradona

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – Gingko- the Suspended Narrative

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – Khanoom

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 – Acre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 – Duet (Short)

description: Iranian actor and script supervisor

wikidata_label: Pantea Panahiha

wikipedia_title: Pantea Panahiha


text: Soviet

text: Russia

text: mathematician

text: physicist

text: Nikolai Borisovich Delone

text: transliteration

text: Cyrillic

text: French

text: German

text: surname

text: French Army officer

text: Napoleon's invasion of 1812

text: Bastille

text: marquis de Launay

text: Tukhachevsky

text: noble family

text: Alps

text: mountain climbing

text: Russian revolution

text: Caucasus

text: Altai

text: Belukha

text: Nobel laureate

text: Igor Tamm

text: modern algebra

text: geometry of numbers

text: Evgraf Fedorov

text: Hermann Minkowski

text: Georgy Voronoy

text: mathematical crystallography

text: Delaunay triangulation

text: Delone set

text: Aleksandr Aleksandrov

text: Igor Shafarevich

text: USSR Academy of Sciences

text: mathematical olympiad

text: Kolmogorov, Andrey Nikolaevich

text: Biography (in Russian)

text: Moscow State University

text: PDF format

text: N.P.Dolbilin. "The Delone Peak".

categories: People from Saint Petersburg,Soviet mathematicians,1980 deaths,Geometers,Moscow State University alumni,Russian mountain climbers,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology faculty,People from Saint Petersburg Governorate,Russian people of French descent,Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences,Russian mathematicians,1890 births,Soviet mountain climbers

paragraph: Boris Delaunay

paragraph: Boris Nikolaevich Delaunay or Delone (; March 15, 1890 – July 17, 1980) was one of the first Russian mountain climbers and a Soviet/Russian mathematician, and the father of physicist Nikolai Borisovich Delone.

paragraph: The spelling "Delone" is a straightforward transliteration from Cyrillic he often used in later publications, while "Delaunay" is the French version he used in the early French and German publications.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Boris Delone got his surname from his ancestor French Army officer De Launay, who was captured in Russia during Napoleon's invasion of 1812. De Launay was a nephew of the Bastille governor marquis de Launay. He married a woman from the Tukhachevsky noble family and stayed in Russia.

paragraph: When Boris was a young boy his family spent summers in the Alps where he learned mountain climbing. By 1913, he became one of the top three Russian mountain climbers. After the Russian revolution, he climbed mountains in the Caucasus and Altai. One of the mountains (4300 m) near Belukha is named after him. In the 1930s, he was among the first to receive a qualification of Master of mountain climbing of the USSR. Future Nobel laureate in physics Igor Tamm was his associate in setting tourist camps in the mountains.

paragraph: Boris Delaunay worked in the fields of modern algebra, the geometry of numbers. He used the results of Evgraf Fedorov, Hermann Minkowski, Georgy Voronoy, and others in his development of modern mathematical crystallography and general mathematical model of crystals.

paragraph: He invented what is now called Delaunay triangulation in 1934; Delone sets are also named after him. Among his best students are the mathematicians Aleksandr Aleksandrov and Igor Shafarevich.

paragraph: Delaunay was elected the corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1929.

paragraph: Delaunay is credited as being an organizer, in Leningrad in 1934, of the first mathematical olympiad for high school students in the Soviet Union.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Delone, B. N.; Raikov, D. A. (1948, 1949). "Analytic Geometry" (2 vols.). State Technical Press. (in Russian)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kolmogorov, Andrey Nikolaevich et al. (1969). "Mathematics: Its Content, Methods and Meaning", chapter "Analytic Geometry", by B. N. Delone. MIT Press. (translated from the Russian)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography (in Russian) on the website of the Moscow State University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boris Nikolaevich Delone (On his seventieth birthday)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 80th Birthday - Reproduction of an article in Russian Mathematical Surveys 26 (1971) 199-203, with the kind permission of the London Mathematical Society Pages 199, 200, 201, 202, 203; Also in PDF format.

paragraph: BULLET::::- N.P.Dolbilin. "The Delone Peak".

alias:
Boris Delone
Delone Boris Nikolaevich
Delaunay B. N.
Delone B. N.
Boris Nikolaevich Delaunay

description: Russian mathematician

wikidata_label: Boris Delaunay

wikipedia_title: Boris Delaunay


text: John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel

text: Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley

text: John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel

text: Humphrey FitzAlan, 15th Earl of Arundel

text: heir presumptive

text: Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury

text: Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury

text: Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent

text: Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel

text: Eleanor of Lancaster

text: Thomas FitzAlan, 17th Earl of Arundel

text: House of Lancaster

text: House of York

text: Battle of Ludford Bridge

text: Second Battle of St Albans

text: Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick

text: Edward IV of England

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Wars of the Roses

text: Warden of the Cinque Ports

categories: Barons Maltravers,Earls of Arundel,People of the Wars of the Roses,Knights of the Garter,1487 deaths,15th-century English people,FitzAlan family,1417 births

paragraph: William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel

paragraph: William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel, 6th Baron Maltravers (23 November 14171487).

paragraph: He was a son of John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel, and Eleanor Berkeley. His mother was a daughter of John Berkeley and Elizabeth Betteshorne, granddaughter of Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley, and his second wife Catherine Clivedon.

paragraph: His elder brother John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel, died on 12 June 1435. The title passed to John's nephew Humphrey FitzAlan, 15th Earl of Arundel, who was only a six-year-old with no descendants. William thus became the heir presumptive and, when Humphrey died three years later on 24 April 1438, he succeeded to the title.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: He married Joan Neville, eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, and Alice Montagu, "suo jure" Countess of Salisbury. Alice was a daughter of Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, and Eleanor Holland. Eleanor was a daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, and Alice FitzAlan. Alice was a daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel, and Eleanor of Lancaster.

paragraph: William and Joan had six children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas FitzAlan, 17th Earl of Arundel (1450–1524).

paragraph: BULLET::::- William FitzAlan, who had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George FitzAlan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John FitzAlan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary FitzAlan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas FitzAlan.

paragraph: William was summoned the Great Council of February 1458, (and indeed, he was instructed to stop foot-dragging and attend). He was one of the few nobles to fight first for the House of Lancaster, and then change to supporting the House of York. He fought at the Battle of Ludford Bridge in 1459 for Lancaster, and later fought in the Second Battle of St Albans (17 February 1461) as a supporter of the house of York. The Yorkists were commanded by his brother-in-law Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick.

paragraph: Edward IV of England named him a Knight of the Garter in 1471, probably in honour of his support during the Wars of the Roses. He was Warden of the Cinque Ports in 1471 and from 1483 to 1488.

description: English Earl

wikidata_label: William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel

wikipedia_title: William Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel

wikipedia_title: William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel


text:
Finnish
Helsinki
Tampere
Kotka
Kansan Lehti
Tampere
Hymy
scandal
invasion of privacy
Veikko Ennala
Timo K. Mukka
Siivikkala
Maija-Liisa Lahtinen
"Hymy" magazine
"Tamperelainen"

categories: Businesspeople from Helsinki,1931 births,1994 deaths,Finnish journalists

paragraph: Urpo Lahtinen

paragraph: Urpo Juhani Lahtinen was a Finnish magazine publisher.

paragraph: He was born on 22 April 1931 in Helsinki and died on 15 October 1994 in Tampere. Urpo Lahtinen started his journalistic career in 1952 writing for the Social Democratic paper "Eteenpäin" in Kotka, continuing in "Kansan Lehti" of Tampere.

paragraph: In 1957 he started a free tabloid "Tamperelainen" (delivered to every household in Tampere), which was published by Lahtinen's own company called Lehtimiehet. Urpo Lahtinen's best-known publication was "Hymy" ("The Smile") magazine, which was launched in 1959 and was named after his wife Hymy Lahtinen, specializing in "human interest" type of journalism. In the 1960s and 1970s "Hymy" became a success with its sensationalist and scandal stories containing lots of sex and gossips of celebrities often verging on the invasion of privacy.

paragraph: The most famous writer for "Hymy" was Veikko Ennala, and probably one of the most infamous "Hymy" stories was about the author Timo K. Mukka, which many thought was one of the main causes to the author's early demise soon afterwards. Lahtinen invested his huge profits in art, and in constructing his luxurious Villa Urpo in Siivikkala. The success also had its negative side on Urpo Lahtinen who became an alcoholic. Lahtinen's company Lehtimiehet was finally sold to Yhtyneet Kuvalehdet for hundreds of millions of Finnish Marks. When Urpo Lahtinen died in 1994 at the age of 63, a court case over his inheritance started between his son Jeppe Lahtinen, his ex-wife Hymy Lahtinen and his widow Maija-Liisa Lahtinen, continuing to this day.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hymy" magazine

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tamperelainen"

description: Finnish journalist

wikidata_label: Urpo Lahtinen

wikipedia_title: Urpo Lahtinen


text:
footballer
winger
EFL League One
Fleetwood Town
Dundee
Celtic
Dunfermline
Stephen Pearson
2004 Scottish Cup Final
Falkirk
Martin O'Neill
Alan Thompson
Gordon Strachan
2005–06
Mo Camara
Mark Wilson
2006 Scottish League Cup Final
Dundee United
Stanislav Varga
Birmingham City
Stanislav Varga
Derby County
Wearside
Julio Arca
Hull City
2006–07
Tobias Hysén
Tottenham Hotspur
Michael Chopra
Birmingham City
Stern John
Reading
Stadium of Light
Arsenal
Emirates Stadium
Roy Keane
MLS
Toronto
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Preston North End
Barry Nicholson
Sheffield Wednesday
Watford
Jon Parkin
Burnley
Brian Laws
Hearts
Andrew Driver
Burnley
Bury
Nottingham Forest
Chris Iwelumo
Leicester City
Jay Rodriguez
Birmingham City
Keith Treacy
Championship
Sheffield Wednesday
Ipswich Town
EFL League One
Fleetwood Town
Scotland
Russell Anderson
Craig Gordon
Alex McLeish
Scottish Premier League
2005–06
Scottish Cup
2003–04
Scottish League Cup
2005–06
Football League Championship
2006–07
Football League Championship
2013–14
Scotland stats
U21 stats

categories: Burnley F.C. players,Scottish Premier League players,Scottish footballers,Celtic F.C. players,Living people,Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players,Association football defenders,1985 births,Scotland B international footballers,Preston North End F.C. players,Fleetwood Town F.C. players,Association football wingers,Scotland international footballers,Sportspeople from Dundee,Scotland under-21 international footballers,English Football League players,Scotland youth international footballers,Sunderland A.F.C. players

paragraph: Ross Wallace

paragraph: Ross Wallace (born 23 May 1985) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a winger for EFL League One club Fleetwood Town.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Celtic.

paragraph: Born in Dundee, Wallace started his career with Celtic, signing for the club in May 2003 on a four-year deal. A pacy left winger, Wallace made only a handful of first-team appearances in his first year, before scoring his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 win over Dunfermline on 8 November 2003. Whilst clearly a skilful player, Wallace made only a few more first team appearances that season, as Alan Thompson remained the first-choice wide-left player at Celtic. Wallace did however pick up his first silverware at the end of the season, coming on as a second-half substitute for Stephen Pearson in Celtic's 3–1 win over Dunfermline in the 2004 Scottish Cup Final.

paragraph: The following season (2004–05) saw Wallace play more games for Celtic, including three appearances as a substitute in the Champions League. However he made little impact in either his league or European appearances. Wallace did however score a hat-trick in an 8–1 rout of Falkirk in a Scottish League Cup tie in September 2004. That performance earned him public praise from his manager, Martin O'Neill. Alan Thompson also said that Wallace was likely to succeed him in the future at left midfield.

paragraph: With the arrival of new manager Gordon Strachan at the start of season 2005–06, Wallace found himself on the sidelines for the first few months. However, in late 2005, Strachan began to play Wallace at left-back in place of Mo Camara. This was a strange selection given Wallace's slight build and inexperience of playing in a defensive role. Strachan persisted with this team selection for several weeks to the bemusement of fans who could clearly see Wallace's lack of aptitude for playing in defence. Wallace's own goal in the New Year game against Hearts at Tynecastle (Celtic still won 3–2) highlighted his lack of positional awareness in playing in defence. Towards the end of the season, new signing Mark Wilson replaced him at left back even though it was not his natural position (Wilson is a right back). Wallace did, however, play the whole of the 2006 Scottish League Cup Final at left back because Wilson was cup-tied, after having played in the competition for Dundee United.

paragraph: Wallace made two more appearances for Celtic at the start of season 2006–07. However, he was clearly no longer part of the plans of the Celtic management and was sold to Sunderland in August 2006 in a deal including teammate Stanislav Varga for a combined fee of up to £1,100,000.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Sunderland.

paragraph: Despite having a trial at Birmingham City, He joined Sunderland from Celtic on 31 August 2006 along with teammate Stanislav Varga. He made his first team debut on 9 September against Derby County and scored the winner in a 2–1 win. His arrival on Wearside saw him keep the number 33 that he wore at Celtic, which had previously been worn by former Sunderland favourite Julio Arca.

paragraph: He made an excellent start as a Sunderland player with a match-winning goal on his debut at Derby and again at Hull City. On both occasions he removed his shirt after scoring, which at Hull earned him a second yellow card and his second red card of the season. He later apologised and promised not to do it again, though Wallace doesn't have regret over it.

paragraph: Sunderland fans were more than pleased with the promising form Wallace showed throughout the 2006–07 campaign as Sunderland won the Championship. His early form did tail towards the back end of the season, only for him to re-find his form as the season ended. The left-wing position had been highly contested between Wallace and teammate Tobias Hysén.

paragraph: Wallace started the season as Sunderland's first choice left-back despite several new defenders joining the club during pre-season. On 11 August 2007 Wallace lined up against Tottenham Hotspur on the first game of the season and successfully provided the 93rd minute assist that enabled Michael Chopra to score and Sunderland to win the game. This form continued into the second game away to Birmingham City when once again Wallace played an integral part in the decisive goal when he provided the free kick that eventually led to Stern John's late equaliser. The match finished 2–2.

paragraph: He scored his first goal of the season against Reading at the Stadium of Light in a 2–1 victory for Sunderland, scoring again in a 3–2 loss to Arsenal scoring the first ever goal for Sunderland at their first ever game at the Emirates Stadium. Despite his impressive season, Roy Keane stated he would consider offers for Wallace. Wallace was linked with a MLS side Toronto want to sign him but talks never materialised. On 18 January 2008 it was reported that Wallace had sustained an Anterior Cruciate Ligament knee injury and would therefore miss the rest of the 2007–08 football season. But in an unexpected turn of events, Wallace made his return on the final game of the season in a 1–0 loss against Arsenal.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Preston North End.

paragraph: In the 2008 summer transfer window, it was announced that Wallace had rejected an offer from Preston North End, so that he could fight for his place in the Sunderland squad. However, due to the summer signings at Sunderland, Keane told Wallace that he was even further down the pecking order and unlikely to get many games next season. Wallace signed a year-long loan at Preston with a view to a permanent deal at the end of the season. After being an un-used substitute two times, Wallace finally made his debut, coming on for Barry Nicholson, in a 1–1 draw against Sheffield Wednesday on 23 August 2008. He scored his first goal two months later in a 2–0 win over Watford. At Preston, Wallace soon became a fan favourite, due the number of times he provided excellent crosses, mainly for Jon Parkin. Wallace signed a permanent four-and-a-half-year contract with Preston on 12 January 2009. In his first season, Wallace made 39 appearances, scoring five times along with nineteen assists.

paragraph: The next season, Wallace continued to play, having retained his first team status at Preston. Unlike last season, Wallace wasn't able to provide more assists, registering only seven. However, he received thirteen bookings, missing two games as a result.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Burnley.

paragraph: Wallace transferred to fellow Championship club Burnley for an undisclosed fee on 2 July 2010, signing a three-year contract. Upon completion of the transfer, he was described by manager Brian Laws as "one of the best left-sided players in the Championship". He was linked with a move to Burnley after the club had ended its interest in signing Hearts's midfielder Andrew Driver.

paragraph: Wallace scored his first goal in a Burnley shirt a week later on his debut in a pre-season friendly against Bury. In the opening game of the season, Wallace made his debut in a 1–0 win over Nottingham Forest, playing 90 minutes. Wallace would score his first league goal and provide an assist for Chris Iwelumo in a 3–0 win over Leicester City. Ahead of a Preston-Burnley derby, Wallace said he was disappointed not to say goodbye to his Preston teammates. Wallace played against his former club and set up the opener for Iwelumo and a winning goal for Jay Rodriguez in a 4–3 win. Wallace had an impressive season at Burnley, making 40 appearances, scoring three times and registering five assists. However, Wallace had a frustrating season as he made just twelve starts.

paragraph: The next season, Wallace was placed in various positions in defence and midfield and became an ever-present in the side. He became the club's most consistent performer. From 22 October to 5 November 2011, Wallace scored four goals in four consecutive games. Wallace had an impressive season at Burnley, making forty four appearances, scoring five times and registering nine assists. Unlike last season, Wallace was present in every match in the league.

paragraph: The next season, Wallace was placed on the right of midfield for the first eleven games at the start of the season, before going on the left of midfield or wing before going back to right midfield. On 22 December 2012, Wallace scored his first goal of the season in a 2–2 draw against Birmingham City; his second came from a penalty, in a 2–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday and set up a goal for Keith Treacy on 1 January 2013. During the season, Wallace's contract with Burnley was on the verge of expiring at the end of the season and he stated that he was willing to stay at Burnley. In early February, Wallace signed a two-year extension, keeping him until 2015. In May 2015, Wallace was released by Burnley after five seasons with the club, making a total of 165 appearances in all competitions, scoring 14 times.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Sheffield Wednesday.

paragraph: On 10 July 2015, Wallace joined Championship team Sheffield Wednesday on a one-year deal following his release from Burnley. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 defeat at Ipswich Town. His second goal for the club came in a 1–0 win over Fulham on 2 January 2016 in the Championship; a 25-yard dipping shot after cutting in from the right wing. With one game to play in the 2017–18 season, it was announced that his contract wouldn't be renewed and he would be leaving at the end of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Fleetwood Town.

paragraph: On 21 September 2018, following a successful trial period, Wallace joined EFL League One club Fleetwood Town.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: On 13 August 2007, two Sunderland players were called into the Scotland national team: defender Russell Anderson and goalkeeper Craig Gordon. Although pleased with the two nominated players, many Sunderland fans expressed disappointment in the fact that Wallace had once again been overlooked for the squad, especially as he had started the new season so well and that Scotland manager Alex McLeish had selected four goalkeepers in his squad. Wallace was called up to the Scotland squad to play Japan in October 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Celtic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Premier League: 2005–06

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Cup: 2003–04

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish League Cup: 2005–06

paragraph: Sunderland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Championship: 2006–07

paragraph: Burnley

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Championship runner-up: 2013–14

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scotland stats at 11v11

paragraph: BULLET::::- U21 stats at Fitbastats

description: Scottish footballer

wikidata_label: Ross Wallace

wikipedia_title: Ross Wallace


text: Fleetwood Mac

text: The Family International

text: Hartlepool

text: slide guitar

text: blues

text: Elmore James

text: Bluesbreakers

text: Peter Green

text: Mick Fleetwood

text: Bob Brunning

text: John McVie

text: Elmore James

text: Dust My Broom

text: Robert Johnson

text: Hellhound on My Trail

text: Danny Kirwan

text: Mr. Wonderful

text: Albatross

text: Man of the World

text: Oh Well

text: Then Play On

text: EP

text: Elvis Presley

text: Buddy Holly

text: John Mayall

text: Marquee Club

text: Jeremy Spencer

text: Kiln House

text: Christine McVie

text: mescaline

text: earthquake

text: premonition

text: Whisky A Go Go

text: Hollywood Boulevard

text: Children of God

text: Clifford Davis

text: Bob Welch

text: mission

text: Jeremy Spencer and the Children

text: Flee

text: gospel

text: Precious Little

text: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

text: Peter Green

text: Danny Kirwan

text: Mick Fleetwood

text: John McVie

text: Rick Vito

text: Bend in the Road

text: Ferndale, Michigan

text: Detroit

text: Ireland

text: Latin America

text: Fleetwood Mac

text: Mr. Wonderful

text: English Rose

text: The Pious Bird of Good Omen

text: Then Play On

text: Kiln House

text: The Original Fleetwood Mac

text: Greatest Hits

text: 25 Years – The Chain

text: The Vaudeville Years of Fleetwood Mac 1968 to 1970

text: Show-Biz Blues 1968 to 1970

text: The Complete Blue Horizon Sessions 1967–1969

text: The Best of Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac

text: Madison Blues

text: Black Magic Woman

text: The Essential Fleetwood Mac

text: Live at the BBC

text: Live at the Boston Tea Party

text: Jeremy Spencer

text: Jeremy Spencer and the Children

text: Flee

text: Precious Little

text: Bend in the Road

text: Classic Rock Magazine Article by Martin Celmins

text: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

text: JYNXT

text: Jeremy Spencer biography on xFamily.org

text: Fleetwood Mac official website

categories: 1948 births,English blues musicians,Blues singer-songwriters,Slide guitarists,English rock singers,British blues musicians,British rhythm and blues boom musicians,English blues singers,Members of the Family International,20th-century English singers,English rock guitarists,English singer-songwriters,Musicians from County Durham,British blues (genre) musicians,Living people,Electric blues musicians,English male guitarists,English rock musicians,English blues guitarists,People from Hartlepool,Fleetwood Mac members,English male singers,21st-century English singers,Blues rock musicians

paragraph: Jeremy Spencer

paragraph: Jeremy Cedric Spencer (born 4 July 1948) is a British musician, best known as one of the guitarists in the original line-up of Fleetwood Mac. A member since Fleetwood Mac's inception in July 1967, he remained with the band until his abrupt departure in February 1971, when he joined a religious cult called the "Children of God", now known as "The Family International", with which he is still affiliated. After a pair of solo albums in the 1970s, he continued to tour as a musician, but did not release another album until 2006. Releasing further solo albums in 2012, 2014 and 2016, Spencer has also recorded as part of the folk trio Steetley.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Spencer was born in Hartlepool, County Durham, and began taking piano lessons at the age of nine. Switching to guitar in his teens, his speciality became the slide guitar, and he was strongly influenced by the American blues musician Elmore James.

paragraph: Section::::Fleetwood Mac.

paragraph: In the summer of 1967, Spencer came to the attention of ex-Bluesbreakers guitarist Peter Green, who was looking for another musician to join him in his new Fleetwood Mac project. Green had recruited drummer Mick Fleetwood and temporary bassist Bob Brunning, and wanted a second guitar player to fill out the sound onstage. Spencer was then playing with blues trio the Levi Set, and was already an accomplished slide guitarist and pianist. He fitted in well, and soon after his arrival, the band's intended bassist John McVie joined.

paragraph: This line-up of Fleetwood Mac recorded two albums of traditional blues songs, with Spencer contributing many variations on the Elmore James theme, particularly centred around James' version of "Dust My Broom", plus a few songs of his own. Green became frustrated because Spencer did not seem willing to contribute to Green's songs, whereas Green always played on Spencer's recordings where necessary.

paragraph: On "Fleetwood Mac", the 1968 debut album, Spencer gives a solo performance on vocal and piano of Robert Johnson's Hellhound on My Trail.

paragraph: Since Spencer's musical contributions to the band were too narrowly focused, Green and Fleetwood brought in a third guitarist, 18-year-old Danny Kirwan, after 1968's "Mr. Wonderful". This album featured several of Spencer's Elmore James tunes.

paragraph: Green and Kirwan found that they worked well together musically, quickly developing the style that provided hits such as "Albatross", "Man of the World" and "Oh Well", none of which featured Spencer. Spencer found himself slightly isolated within the band, and chose to contribute very little to the band's third album "Then Play On". It was intended to complement this album with a separate EP of Spencer's work, but this never materialised. In the end, his input amounted to some piano on Green's neo-classical epic "Oh Well Pt. 2".

paragraph: On stage however, Spencer was an integral part of the band, with a raucous routine of old blues songs which were extremely popular with audiences. Spencer was a gifted mimic, providing excellent impersonations of Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, Elmore James, John Mayall and whoever else he felt like sending up at the time. He was also often given to occasional suggestive behaviour onstage, particularly at early concerts, which sometimes landed the band in trouble with promoters and venue owners, and got them banned from London's Marquee Club. This wild onstage atmosphere was caught in Spencer's recording "Somebody's Gonna Get Their Head Kicked In Tonite", which was chosen as the B-side to the gentle "Man of the World" single in 1969.

paragraph: Away from the stage, Spencer was often quiet and withdrawn, and other band members recall him often reading the Bible in his hotel room, strongly at odds with his on-stage persona.

paragraph: Spencer became the first member of Fleetwood Mac to release a solo album, simply titled "Jeremy Spencer", in 1970. This album featured many 1950s parodies and amusing songs but was not a success. In December 2015, the album was released on CD.

paragraph: When Green left Fleetwood Mac in mid-1970, the band were in a state of flux and there was a possibility of not continuing. However, the band held together, and both Spencer and Kirwan worked on new songs, which appeared on the "Kiln House" album released in the late summer of 1970. For the first time, the defining Elmore James songs were absent on "Kiln House"; instead, this album featured more of Spencer's 1950s parodies, including the Buddy Holly tribute "Buddy's Song". Another song, "One Together", touched on the many different personas that Spencer used onstage.

paragraph: During a tour of the United States in February 1971 with new keyboardist Christine McVie now having joined the band, Spencer grew disillusioned with his life in Fleetwood Mac, and has mentioned in several interviews an incident when the band were listening to a recording of an old concert. When he heard himself singing, he said, "That sounds horrible. It sounds like shit." According to one account by Mick Fleetwood, Spencer apparently had difficulty recovering from a mescaline trip he had experienced very early on the US tour. Shortly before a journey of the band from San Francisco to Los Angeles, LA experienced a major earthquake. Being in a fragile mental state and filled with strong negative premonitions, Spencer was very apprehensive about having to travel to LA. He unsuccessfully pleaded with Fleetwood to cancel this leg of the tour. Shortly after arriving in LA on the day of a gig the group was scheduled to perform at the Whisky A Go Go, Spencer left the hotel room he shared with Fleetwood to visit a bookshop on Hollywood Boulevard. He did not return, forcing the cancellation of that evening's concert while the band and members of their entourage went searching for him. Some days later, he was found to have joined the religious group the Children of God, and he declared that he no longer wanted to be involved with Fleetwood Mac. Despite appeals from the band's manager, Clifford Davis, to fulfil his obligations to Fleetwood Mac, Spencer could not be persuaded to rejoin the band, and thus they had to struggle on without him, first recalling Peter Green out of retirement as an emergency measure, and later recruiting new guitarist Bob Welch.

paragraph: Despite many rumours of brainwashing and forced induction into the organisation, Spencer has always maintained that he joined the organisation of his own free will. He had been approached by a young man named Apollos, who engaged Spencer in conversation about God, and invited him to a nearby mission where other members were staying. During the evening, Spencer became convinced that this change of direction was the best course for him to take, and by the time Fleetwood Mac found him, his mind was made up. Despite his continued confidence that he made the right choice, he has said that the manner of his departure from the band was regrettable: "The way I left was wrong and a mistake. I should've told them right away but I was desperate."

paragraph: Section::::After Fleetwood Mac.

paragraph: Spencer and his then-wife Fiona moved to the US to settle with the Children of God. He soon formed a new band within the organisation and played free concerts around the country. An album was recorded, "Jeremy Spencer and the Children", although without commercial success. Relatively little is known about this period of his life, but he travelled the world recording a considerable amount of music for the purposes of the organization. He moved to Brazil in 1975 and then to Italy in 1977.

paragraph: In 1978 a member of the Children of God hired Martin and Steven Machat to represent Spencer and his new band. The Machats then secured them a major record deal with Atlantic Records in New York. In 1978–79 the newly formed Jeremy Spencer Band recorded the album "Flee", which had a little commercial success. During the 1980s Spencer lived in the Philippines before working in India in the 1990s, holding charity concerts. He later lived in Ireland and then Germany and still works for the Children of God (now called the Family International), mainly as a book illustrator and story writer. He has continued to play music, often for his own amusement or in small settings, but also has appeared more often at various blues and gospel conventions. In 2006 he released the album "Precious Little", recorded in Norway. The album showed a return to the blues and the slide guitar style that he became famous for while he was with Fleetwood Mac.

paragraph: Spencer was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 for his past work as a member of Fleetwood Mac.

paragraph: During the 2000s there were rumours of a reunion of the early line-up of Fleetwood Mac involving Peter Green and Jeremy Spencer. Whilst these two guitarists and vocalists apparently remained unconvinced of the merits of such a project, Danny Kirwan, who joined the band in 1968 as a third guitarist and vocalist and was fired in 1972, remained silent on the subject. Kirwan died in 2018. In April 2006, during a question-and-answer session on the "Penguin" Fleetwood Mac fan website, bassist John McVie said of the reunion idea:

paragraph: In 2007 Spencer was in contact with his former Fleetwood Mac bandmates Mick Fleetwood and John McVie, and according to McVie, the three had informal jam sessions with Rick Vito at Fleetwood's home.

paragraph: Spencer also took part in the TV documentary "", in which he was interviewed together with John McVie and Mick Fleetwood.

paragraph: In 2012 Spencer released a new album, "Bend in the Road", which was recorded at Tempermill Studios in Ferndale, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The vinyl, CD and download featured different track listings This was followed in 2014 by "Coventry Blue".

paragraph: Since then Spencer has concentrated on instrumental work. "Homebrewed Blues" (2016) showcased his slide guitar playing while "Treading Softly" (2018) and "Latina Nights" (2019) focussed on music inspired by Ireland and Latin America respectively.

paragraph: Several of Spencer's children formed a band in England called JYNXT.

paragraph: Section::::After Fleetwood Mac.:Steetley.

paragraph: During 2012–13, Spencer became involved with Hartlepool-based singer-songwriter Andy Oliver, and they eventually decided to record songs together. They formed a trio named Steetley, along with the Northern Irish musician and actress Janet Bamford, and in December 2013, released their debut album, "The Moment She Fell".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fleetwood Mac" (Blue Horizon 1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr. Wonderful" (Blue Horizon 1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "English Rose" (Epic 1969—US only)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pious Bird of Good Omen" (Blue Horizon 1969—UK only)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Then Play On" (Reprise 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fleetwood Mac In Chicago/Blues Jam In Chicago vols 1 & 2" (Blue Horizon 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kiln House" (Reprise 1970)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Fleetwood Mac albums featuring Jeremy Spencer.:Additional compilations/outtakes collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Original Fleetwood Mac" (CBS 1971 – outtakes recorded 1967–68)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Greatest Hits" (CBS 1971 – compilation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Best of Fleetwood Mac" (Reprise c1971 – Germany only but featuring rare songs)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hits of Fleetwood Mac" (Columbia 1990 – compilation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Original Fleetwood Mac: The Blues Years" (3-CD set, Castle 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "25 Years – The Chain" [4-CD box set] (Warner 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Like It This Way" (Elite – compilation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Vaudeville Years of Fleetwood Mac 1968 to 1970" [2-CD Box set] (Receiver 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Show-Biz Blues 1968 to 1970" [2-CD Box set] (Receiver 2001 – Companion to "Vaudeville Years")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Complete Blue Horizon Sessions 1967–1969 [Box set]" (Columbia UK, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Best of Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac" (Columbia 2002 – compilation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madison Blues" [3 disc box-set] (Shakedown 2003 – recorded 1970–71)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Green Shadows" (Union Square Music 2003 – compilation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Magic Woman (Epic 2004 – compilation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Essential Fleetwood Mac" (Sony BMG 2007 – 2CD compilation)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Fleetwood Mac albums featuring Jeremy Spencer.:Live albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the BBC" (Castle 1995 – recorded 1967–71)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shrine '69" (Rykodisc 1999 – recorded 25 January 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blues Collection" (Castle, 1989 or 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the Boston Tea Party, vols 1–3" (recorded 5–7 February 1970. Comprehensively released 1998 by Snapper Records, having previously been repackaged and bootlegged several times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jumping at Shadows: The Blues Years" (released 2002)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Jeremy Spencer solo albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jeremy Spencer" (Reprise, 1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jeremy Spencer and the Children" (CBS, 1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flee" (Atlantic, 1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Concert – India 1998" (PolyGram India, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Precious Little" (Bluestown, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bend in the Road" (Propelz, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Coventry Blue "(Propelz, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Homebrewed Blues" (Sibylline Media, 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Treading Softly" (Sibylline Media, 2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Latina Nights" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Steetley albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Moment She Fell" (2013)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Other reference material.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classic Rock Magazine Article by Martin Celmins

paragraph: BULLET::::- NME magazine interview (by Steve Clark), 5 October 1974

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame – Fleetwood Mac inducted 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeremy Spencer Former Record Label – Blind Pig Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeremy Spencer Former Record Label – Bluestown Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- JYNXT – Band formed by three of Spencer's children

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeremy Spencer biography on xFamily.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fleetwood Mac official website

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Jeremy Spencer

wikipedia_title: Jeremy Spencer


text:
Lewis Carroll Shelf Award
Newbery Honor
Hardwick, Vermont
World War I
William Coblentz
Lowell Observatory
Lewis Carroll Shelf Award
Newbery Honor
Rock Creek Cemetery
"The Blue Cat of Castle Town" (1949)

categories: Newbery Honor winners,1951 deaths,George Washington University alumni,1897 births,American children's writers,Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery,Place of birth missing

paragraph: Catherine Cate Coblentz

paragraph: Catherine Cate Coblentz (June 5, 1897 – May 30, 1951) was an American writer, best known for her children's books in the 1930s and 1940s. She was a Lewis Carroll Shelf Award and Newbery Honor laureate.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Originally from Hardwick, Vermont, Catherine Cate worked during World War I at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., where she met her future husband, William Coblentz, an American scientist who was a pioneer in the field of infrared spectroscopy. They were married on June 10, 1924. Two daughters were born to the couple, but both died young.

paragraph: Coblentz published a poem on Mars in "Popular Astronomy" magazine in 1924, the same year that her husband was measuring the temperature of Mars at the Lowell Observatory. Mrs. Coblentz later achieved success as a writer of children's books, and her "The Blue Cat of Castle Town" won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958 and was a Newbery Honor book. Older copies of this work and some of her other books can still be found, and some are considered to be collector's items.

paragraph: In 1930 Coblentz received a B.A. degree from George Washington University.

paragraph: In honor of her later work, she was presented with a Distinguished Alumni Achievement Award by her alma mater in 1945.

paragraph: In the mid-to-late 1940s, Coblentz was instrumental in raising money to buy the land on which the Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library was built on Connecticut Avenue in Washington, D.C. A set of windows, with illustrations based on her books, remain on display in the library.

paragraph: Catherine Cate Coblentz, her husband, and an infant daughter are buried in Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, D.C. (Section O).

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: The dates of publication are approximate.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Animal Pioneers" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blue and Silver Necklace" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pan American Highway" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Falcon of Eric the Red" ( 1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bells of Leyden" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Amazon" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sequoya" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scatter, the Chipmunk" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Martin and Abraham Lincoln" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blue Cat of Castle Town" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ah-yo-ka: Daughter of Sequoya" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beggars' Penny" (1943)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- - Autobiography of William Coblentz

description: American children's writer

wikidata_label: Catherine Cate Coblentz

wikipedia_title: Catherine Cate Coblentz


text:
Doge of Venice
Orso I
Comacchio
pope
Emperor
Charles the Fat
Pietro
Orso
Pietro Candiano
Norwich, John Julius
Alfred A. Knopf
New York

categories: 887 deaths,Year of birth missing,House of Participazio,9th-century Doges of Venice

paragraph: Giovanni II Participazio

paragraph: Giovanni II Participazio (or "Particiaco") was the thirteenth (historical) or fifteenth (traditional) Doge of Venice after the death of his father, Orso I, in 881 until his resignation in 887. Prior to that, he co-ruled with his father.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: He was a nepotist intent on continuing the power of his own dynasty. He tried to obtain the government of Comacchio for his brother Badoaro and to this end sent him to the pope. However, Marinus, count of Comacchio, captured him and sent him back to Venice, where he soon died. Giovanni attacked and devastated Comacchio, but he could not hold it, because it was the pope's.

paragraph: In 883, Giovanni negotiated a favourable treaty with the Emperor Charles the Fat.

paragraph: Giovanni associated his brother Pietro in the dogeship, but he died. He then associated his brother Orso, but he refused to accept it until Giovanni became seriously ill. Then the Venetians elected Pietro Candiano doge and Giovanni retired to private life. He tried to reobtain the dogeship on the death of Candiano, but failed due to his poor health.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwich, John Julius. "A History of Venice". Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 1982.

description: Doge of Venice

wikidata_label: Giovanni II Participazio

wikipedia_title: Giovanni II Participazio


text:
Filipino
Senate President
Manuel L. Quezon
Montalban
Manila province
Montalban
Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Manila
Montalban
Rizal
Governor of Rizal
Manila
Leonard Wood
Nueva Vizcaya
Rizal
Manuel L. Quezon
Manila
Ferdinand Marcos
Nacionalista Party
Eulogio Jr.
Isidro
Senate of the Philippines

categories: Nacionalista Party politicians,Senators of the 1st Congress of the Philippines,Secretaries of Agriculture of the Philippines,Senators of the 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines,Quezon Administration cabinet members,Presidents of the Senate of the Philippines,Presidents of the Nacionalista Party,Governors of Rizal,Philippine vice-presidential candidates, 1946,Mayors of Manila,Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Rizal,Filipino collaborators with Imperial Japan,Mayors of places in Rizal,Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni,1964 deaths,Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Nueva Vizcaya,Senators of the 3rd Congress of the Philippines,1883 births,Senators of the 5th Congress of the Philippines,Senators of the 4th Congress of the Philippines,People from Rodriguez, Rizal,Senators of the 2nd Congress of the Philippines,People from Nueva Vizcaya

paragraph: Eulogio Rodriguez

paragraph: Eulogio "Amang" Adona Rodríguez Sr. (January 21, 1883 – December 19, 1964) was a Filipino politician, the longest-serving Senate President after Manuel L. Quezon, serving the post from April 30, 1952 to April 17, 1953 and May 20, 1953 to April 5, 1963.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Coming from a rich family, Rodríguez was born in Montalban (renamed "Rodriguez" in his honor), then part of Manila province on January 21, 1883 to Petronilo Rodríguez and Monica Adona. He first studied at the Spanish-run public school in Montalban, then took his secondary course at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Manila, where he completed his Bachelor of Arts in 1896. He then studied law under a private tutor. To help himself in his studies, he worked as a farmer.

paragraph: Section::::Political life.

paragraph: Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez first served as Municipal President of Montalban, Rizal from 1906–1916; became Governor of Rizal in June 1916; and was reelected in June 1922. He was appointed mayor of Manila by Governor General Leonard Wood on July 23, 1923, and later served as Representative of Nueva Vizcaya District from February 1924 to May 1925. He became the Representative of the Second District of Rizal in 1925 and was reelected in 1931 and 1934. He was also appointed Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce by Governor Frank Murphy on July 26, 1934, re-appointed by President Manuel L. Quezon on January 15, 1940, and served as such until August 28, 1941. After his resignation as Mayor of Manila, he campaigned for a seat in the Senate and was elected senator in 1941. On May 20, 1953, he was elected Senate President, a position he occupied for the next ten years. As the third highest government official, he steered the Senate into greater heights in terms of legislation. He was replaced by then-Senator Ferdinand Marcos, then the Minority Floor Leader as Senate President in a leadership coup on 1963, ending his long leadership of the Upper Chamber.

paragraph: Rodríguez started his political career as a Democrata or a member of the opposition party, and not until there was a general realignment of parties due to the divisive struggle over the approval of the Independence Law in 1933, did he switch to the majority or the Nacionalista Party, to which he remained faithful until the day of his death three decades later. He nursed the party during its darkest hours, and steered it successfully through the political reefs and typhoons that rocked the local scene, thus earning him the nickname ""Mr. Nacionalista"". Unlike many politicians of his time, he did not switch parties for personal convenience.

paragraph: As a legislator, he always supported measures improving the lot of common man, for he knew that the upgrading of the masses was the best way of retaining democracy in the country. Many were sometimes politically at odds with him, but they always found him to be a reasonable opponent who played clean in a game known for its mendacity and unprincipled moves. A man of integrity, who played fair even with his opponents, and who could be generous in victory, Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez was a man, a politician and a public official of sterling attributes.

paragraph: He had seven children by his first wife, Juana Santiago, namely Eulogio Jr., Jose, Ruperto, Leonor, Isidro, Constancio and Adelaida. With his second wife, Luisita Canoy, he had three children, namely, Adelaida (Baby), Erlinda and Rafael (Boy).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Senate of the Philippines

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paras, Corazon. "The presidents of the Senate of the Republic of the Philippines." Quezon City: Giraffe Books, 2000.

alias:
Eulogio "Amang" Adona Rodriguez, Sr.
Amang Rodriguez
Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez
Eulogio "Amang" Adona Rodríguez Sr.

description: Filipino politician; Senate President

wikidata_label: Eulogio Rodriguez

wikipedia_title: Eulogio Rodriguez


text:
potato peeler
Manchester
World War II
Northern England
linens
Ten Pound Poms
London Labour and the London Poor
Henry Mayhew
Charles Dickens
Victorian period
sales patter
Chester Barrie
Turnbull & Asser
Union Square Greenmarket
New York City Police Department
Vanity Fair
Pierre Hotel
Park Avenue
American citizenship
A-Peeling To The Masses
Impromptu video of Joe Ades
RIP Joe Ades

categories: English emigrants to Australia,English expatriates in the United States,1934 births,Performance art in New York City,English businesspeople,2009 deaths,People from Manchester

paragraph: Joe Ades

paragraph: Joseph "Joe" Ades (; 18 December 1934 – 1 February 2009), also known as the "Gentleman Peeler," was a well-known street potato peeler seller in New York City, United States.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Joseph Ades, the youngest of seven children, was born in Manchester, England, to a Jewish family where his father worked in the textile industry. Leaving school at 15, he became an office boy before becoming intrigued by the local markets that would spring-up in the World War II–devastated landscapes of Northern England. He started out hawking comic books before selling linens, textiles, jewellery, and toys directly on the streets.

paragraph: Section::::Australia.

paragraph: In 1956 he married a woman, eventually having three children. The family moved to Australia in 1969 as Ten Pound Poms and settled in Sydney, where Ades tried to set up markets in the parking lots of drive-in movies. Eventually he sold goods at street fairs off of the back of a large truck. After the marriage to Shirley dissolved in 1980, Ades remarried and divorced again.

paragraph: His third wife gave him a copy of "London Labour and the London Poor" by Henry Mayhew, a contemporary of Charles Dickens, which recorded the activities of the street sellers of the Victorian period. Ades modelled himself on sellers that Mayhew called "the patterers," most of whom liked to ape the dress and mannerisms of gentlemen.

paragraph: Section::::New York City.

paragraph: After the break-up of his third marriage and a period of residence in Ireland, Ades followed his daughter to New York City, taking up residence in Manhattan.

paragraph: From 1993 onward, Ades sold $5 Swiss-made metal potato peelers. His engaging sales patter and his $1,000 Chester Barrie suits and shirts from Turnbull & Asser made him a well-known character on his regular demo circuit, which included places such as the Union Square Greenmarket. Ades never bothered with a license, meaning that he was often moved on by the New York City Police Department. His iconoclastic pitches and lifestyle eventually brought him attention and notoriety, and he was the subject of a "Vanity Fair" article.

paragraph: Ades sold enough peelers to enjoy café society at the Pierre Hotel, on the Upper East Side, and lived with his fourth wife, Estelle Pascoe in her three-bedroom apartment on Park Avenue.

paragraph: Ades died on 1 February 2009, aged 74, only a day after being informed that he had been granted American citizenship.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Ades was survived by his daughter and two sons from his first marriage. His daughter, Ruth Ades-Laurent, began selling the peelers in the same spots as her father, but was later forbidden from selling in Union Square.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A-Peeling To The Masses – New York Post video article on Joe Ades

paragraph: BULLET::::- Impromptu video of Joe Ades (circa November 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- RIP Joe Ades – Photos of Joe Ades

description: English businessman

wikidata_label: Joe Ades

wikipedia_title: Joe Ades


text:
Lille
Paris
French
artists' model
demimondaine
mistress
Auguste Clésinger
Georges Boulanger
ministers
Auguste Clésinger
George Sand
bust
Marianne
Sénat
Exposition Universelle
Remy de Gourmont
rue de Varenne
rue des Saints-Pères
cimetière du Père-Lachaise
occultism
Black Mass
Joseph-Antoine Boullan
laicized
Jean-Martin Charcot
ecclesiastic
Rachilde
consecrated hosts
Henry de Groux
benzoin
amber
incense
Joris-Karl Huysmans
Là-Bas

categories: French occultists,1916 deaths,French courtesans,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,People from Lille,1852 births,French artists' models,French Satanists

paragraph: Berthe de Courrière

paragraph: Berthe de Courrière (June 1852, Lille – 14 June 1916, Paris) was a French artists' model and "demimondaine". She was the mistress, model, and heir of the sculptor and painter Auguste Clésinger.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born Caroline Louise Victoire Courrière in June 1852 in Lille, de Courrière set out for Paris at age 20 and first became the mistress of General Georges Boulanger and several ministers. The sculptor Auguste Clésinger, son-in-law of George Sand, remarked on Courrière's full form and gigantic proportions, bringing her the nicknames "la grande dame" ("the big woman") or "Berthe aux grands pieds" ("Bigfoot Bertha"). She was his model for the bust of Marianne for the Sénat as well as for the colossal statue of the Republic for the 1878 Exposition Universelle. On Clésinger's death, in 1883, Berthe was his sole heiress and found herself with a large fortune.

paragraph: In 1886, she met Remy de Gourmont, then making his literary debut, and commissioned him to write a memorial of Clésinger. She became Gourmont's mistress and muse. Gourmont lived with her, at first on rue de Varenne then at 71 rue des Saints-Pères, until his death in 1915. de Courrière had him buried in the same vault as Clésinger. She died in 1916 and was laid to rest beside the two men in Clésinger's vault at the cimetière du Père-Lachaise. Gourmont's passionate letters to her during the year 1887 were published together in one volume as "Lettres à Sixtine" (1921).

paragraph: Section::::Occultism.

paragraph: de Courrière was interested in occultism and found herself involved in a Black Mass affair that nearly went awry and earned her a month 's stay in a psychiatric hospital. In the early morning of 8 September 1890 the Bruges police were informed that a naked woman was parading on the fortresses near the Smedenpoort. She showed signs of mental disorder and was taken to the Sint-Juliaan psychiatric institution in the Boeveriestraat where she was identified as Berthe de Courrière. On 6 October, Gourmont travelled from Paris and removed her from the institution. It turned out that de Courrière had spent the night of 7 to 8 September at Moerstraat 36, the house of Canon Louis Van Haecke, rector of the chapel of the Holy Blood and alleged exorcist. She was also in touch with ex-Father Joseph-Antoine Boullan, who was laicized as a heretic.

paragraph: de Courrière was, it seems, quite unbalanced. She had to be interned a second time in Brussels in 1906, and she wrote a violent booklet, "Nero Prince of Science", against Jean-Martin Charcot, which is characteristic of the hatred that patients sometimes devote to their psychiatrist.

paragraph: She had a morbid passion for ecclesiastics, whom she endeavored to seduce by all means. Rachilde claims to have seen her take out of her tapestry bag of consecrated hosts to throw them to stray dogs. The interior of her residence, according to Henry de Groux, "is the most heterogeneous thing I could ever have imagined in the taste of this half-pagan, half-catholic, or so-called world. These are only chasubles, altar cloths, objects of worship adapted to the most unexpected destinations, monstrances, corporals, dalmatics, candelabra with multicolored candles, mysteriously lit in corners of shadow, near a superb lectern on its wings works by Félicien Rops or the Marquis de Sade. The scent of benzoin, amber and rose essence alternately suffocate with those of incense."

paragraph: As a practitioner of the cult of Satan, her vault in the cemetery of Pere Lachaise still attracts lovers of black masses.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: In 1889, Gourmont presented de Courrière to Joris-Karl Huysmans who based the character of Mme Hyacinthe Chantelouve in his novel Là-Bas (1891) on her.

paragraph: Gourmont based his novels "Sixtine, roman de la vie cérébrale" (1890) and "Le Fantôme" (1893), both tales of religio-sadistic eroticism, on de Courrière.

description: French artists' model

wikidata_label: Berthe de Courrière

wikipedia_title: Berthe de Courrière


text: academic style

text: François-Édouard Picot

text: Prix de Rome

text: Sacred and Profane Love

text: Gobelins manufactory

text: Vestal Virgin

text: Miracle

text: Good Goddess

categories: 1829 births,1900 deaths,19th-century French painters,French male painters

paragraph: Louis Héctor Leroux

paragraph: Louis Hector Leroux (27 December 1829, Verdun - 11 November 1900, Angers) was a French painter in the academic style.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Training as a wigmaker, he briefly worked in that profession in his birthplace at the same time as taking a drawing course in the town's art college, winning all its art prizes. These prizes earned Leroux a small bursary to go to Paris to study further, and he entered the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in 1849. He studied in the studio of François-Édouard Picot, producing copies of illustrations and museum works to supplement his income. He won the second prize in the Prix de Rome in 1857, staying in Rome from then until 1874. Shortly after his arrival in Rome the French state commissioned him to produce a painted copy of Titian's "Sacred and Profane Love", whilst he later also produced copies for the Gobelins manufactory. He travelled from Rome to the rest of Italy, to Greece, Asia Minor, Turkey and Egypt, making occasional return trips to Paris. From 1863 onwards he painted almost solely classical subjects, along with occasional historical or biblical subjects. His daughter Laura Leroux was also a painter.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1859 - "Coriolanus Against the Volscians", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1860 - "Banquet Scene", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1863 - "A New Vestal Virgin" (Verdun, Mus. Princerie), his debut Salon piece

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roman Ladies at the Tomb of their Ancestors" (New York, Metropolitan Museum)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1869 - "Miracle of the Good Goddess" (1869; Ajaccio, Mus. Fesch)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1878 - "Mother and Son of the Columbarium on the Appian Way in Rome", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1879 - "Vestal Mauiden Asleep in a Chair", Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1881 - "Herculaneum, August 23, 79 AD", Musée d'Orsay, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1881 - "Portrait of Laura in Vestal Virgin", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1883 - "Sacrarium (sacristie)", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1885 - "Mysterious Stone of Pompei", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1888 - "Brother and Sister", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1888 - "Sapho and Mitylene", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1891 - "Three Lectures", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aurelia", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Heart of the House of Hector Leroux in Italy", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portrait of a Woman" (several paintings including one from 1881), Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Régina", Musée de la Princerie, Verdun

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Keeper of the Flame", private collection, Raleigh, North Carolina

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.answers.com/topic/leroux-louis-hector

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.artnet.com/artist/645425/louis-hector-leroux.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/france/leroux1.html

alias:
Hector Leroux
Hector Le Roux
Louis-Hector Leroux
Louis Hector
Louis Hector Leroux
Louis Hector Le Roux
h. leroux
louis hector leroux
Le Roux
Leroux

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Louis Héctor Leroux

wikipedia_title: Louis Héctor Leroux