text: Gaelic

text: King of Scots

text: Gaelic

text: Scoto-Norman

text: Henry I of England

text: Eustace III of Boulogne

text: Empress Matilda

text: William Adelin

text: Matilda of Boulogne

text: Scotland

text: Scandinavia

text: Kingdom of England

text: Northumbria

text: David I

text: St. Margaret of Scotland

text: Dunfermline Abbey

text: Fife

text: Duncan I

text: Malcolm II

text: John of Fordun

text: William Shakespeare

text: Macbeth

text: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

text: Macbeth

text: Donalbane

text: Crínán of Dunkeld

text: Kingdom of England

text: Edward the Confessor

text: Matilda

text: David I

text: Robert the Bruce

text: Stewart/Stuart kings

text: Thorfinn Sigurdsson

text: Earl of Orkney

text: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

text: A. A. M. Duncan

text: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

text: Richard Oram

text: Dauvit Broun

text: Owain Foel

text: Strathclyde

text: Malcolm II

text: Lumphanan

text: Aberdeenshire

text: Lulach

text: Scone

text: Huntly

text: Orderic Vitalis

text: Margaret

text: Hungary

text: Lindisfarne

text: Orkneyinga saga

text: Ingibiorg

text: Finn Arnesson

text: Duncan II

text: William of Malmesbury

text: Meic Uilleim

text: Heimskringla

text: Harald Hardraade

text: Sweyn Estridsson

text: King of Denmark

text: Earldom of Orkney

text: Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson

text: Magnus Barefoot

text: Tostig Godwinson

text: battle of Stamford Bridge

text: William of Normandy

text: Agatha

text: Edward the Exile

text: Edgar Ætheling

text: Cristina

text: Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria

text: Waltheof

text: Cumbria

text: Pennines

text: Teesdale

text: Cleveland

text: Wearmouth

text: Danegeld

text: Margaret

text: Edward the Exile

text: Edmund

text: Edmund Ironside

text: Ethelred

text: Ethelred the Unready

text: Edgar

text: Edgar

text: Edgar Ætheling

text: Alexander I of Scotland

text: Pope Alexander II

text: Alexander the Great

text: David

text: David I of Scotland

text: Edith

text: Henry I of England

text: Eustace III of Boulogne

text: Harrying of the North

text: Abernethy

text: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

text: William Walcher

text: Gateshead

text: Robert Curthose

text: Odo

text: Máel Snechtai

text: William Rufus

text: Newcastle

text: River Tweed

text: River Tees

text: Normandy

text: Cumbria

text: castle at Carlisle

text: Gloucester

text: Wilton Abbey

text: Robert de Mowbray

text: Alnwick

text: Bamburgh Castle

text: Battle of Alnwick

text: Tynemouth Priory

text: Dunfermline Abbey

text: Iona

text: canonisation

text: Pope Innocent IV

text: Dunfermline Abbey

text: Duncan II of Scotland

text: King of Scotland

text: Edmund of Scotland

text: Ethelred

text: Dunkeld

text: Edgar of Scotland

text: Alexander I of Scotland

text: Edith of Scotland

text: Henry I of England

text: Mary of Scotland

text: Eustace III of Boulogne

text: David I of Scotland

text: William Shakespeare

text: Macbeth

text: Malcolm

text: King Duncan

text: Duncan

text: Macbeth

text: Macduff

text: Dunfermline

text: Anderson, Alan Orr

text: Anderson, Marjorie Ogilvie

text: Barrow, G.W.S.

text: Broun, Dauvit

text: Burton, John Hill

text: Clancy, Thomas Owen

text: Duncan, A.A.M.

text: John of Fordun

text: William Forbes Skene

text: Oram, Richard

text: Edinburgh University

text: Sturluson, Snorri

text: Lee M. Hollander

text: Orkneyinga Saga

text: Northvegr

text: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts

text: University College Cork

categories: Monarchs killed in action,1093 deaths,House of Dunkeld,Burials at Tynemouth Priory,11th-century Scottish monarchs,Burials at Dunfermline Abbey,Scottish pre-union military personnel killed in action,1031 births,People from Alnwick

paragraph: Malcolm III of Scotland

paragraph: Malcolm III (Gaelic: "Máel Coluim mac Donnchada"; c. 26 March 1031 – 13 November 1093) was King of Scots from 1058 to 1093. He was later nicknamed "Canmore" ("ceann mòr", Gaelic for "Great Chief": "ceann" denotes "leader", "head" (of state) and "mòr" denotes "pre-eminent", "great", and "big"). Malcolm's long reign of 35 years preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age. Henry I of England and Eustace III of Boulogne were his sons-in-law, making him the maternal grandfather of Empress Matilda, William Adelin and Matilda of Boulogne. All three of them were prominent in English politics during the 12th century.

paragraph: Malcolm's kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotland: the north and west of Scotland remained under Scandinavian rule following the Norse invasions. Malcolm III fought a series of wars against the Kingdom of England, which may have had as its objective the conquest of the English earldom of Northumbria. These wars did not result in any significant advances southward. Malcolm's primary achievement was to continue a lineage that ruled Scotland for many years, although his role as founder of a dynasty has more to do with the propaganda of his youngest son David I and his descendants than with history.

paragraph: Malcolm's second wife, St. Margaret of Scotland, is Scotland's only royal saint. Malcolm himself had no reputation for piety; with the notable exception of Dunfermline Abbey in Fife he is not definitely associated with major religious establishments or ecclesiastical reforms.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Malcolm's father Duncan I became king in late 1034, on the death of Malcolm II, Duncan's maternal grandfather and Malcolm's great-grandfather. According to John of Fordun, whose account is the original source of part of William Shakespeare's "Macbeth", Malcolm's mother was a niece of Siward, Earl of Northumbria, but an earlier king-list gives her the Gaelic name Suthen. Other sources claim that either a daughter or niece would have been too young to fit the timeline, thus the likely relative would have been Siward's own sister Sybil, which may have translated into Gaelic as Suthen.

paragraph: Duncan's reign was not successful and he was killed in battle with the men of Moray, led by Macbeth, on 15 August 1040. Duncan was young at the time of his death, and Malcolm and his brother Donalbane were children. Malcolm's family attempted to overthrow Macbeth in 1045, but Malcolm's grandfather Crínán of Dunkeld was killed in the attempt.

paragraph: Soon after the death of Duncan his two young sons were sent away for greater safety—exactly where is the subject of debate. According to one version, Malcolm (then aged about nine) was sent to England, and his younger brother Donalbane was sent to the Isles. Based on Fordun's account, it was assumed that Malcolm passed most of Macbeth's seventeen-year reign in the Kingdom of England at the court of Edward the Confessor.

paragraph: Today's British royal family can trace their family history back to Malcolm III via his daughter Matilda as well as his son David I, an ancestor of Robert the Bruce and thus also the Stewart/Stuart kings.

paragraph: According to an alternative version, Malcolm's mother took both sons into exile at the court of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney, an enemy of Macbeth's family, and perhaps Duncan's kinsman by marriage.

paragraph: An English invasion in 1054, with Siward, Earl of Northumbria in command, had as its goal the installation of one "Máel Coluim, son of the king of the Cumbrians". This Máel Coluim has traditionally been identified with the later Malcolm III. This interpretation derives from the "Chronicle" attributed to the 14th-century chronicler of Scotland, John of Fordun, as well as from earlier sources such as William of Malmesbury. The latter reported that Macbeth was killed in the battle by Siward, but it is known that Macbeth outlived Siward by two years. A. A. M. Duncan argued in 2002 that, using the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" entry as their source, later writers innocently misidentified "Máel Coluim" with the later Scottish king of the same name. Duncan's argument has been supported by several subsequent historians specialising in the era, such as Richard Oram, Dauvit Broun and Alex Woolf. It has also been suggested that Máel Coluim may have been a son of Owain Foel, British king of Strathclyde perhaps by a daughter of Malcolm II, King of Scotland.

paragraph: In 1057 various chroniclers report the death of Macbeth at Malcolm's hand, on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire. Macbeth was succeeded by his stepson Lulach, who was crowned at Scone, probably on 8 September 1057. Lulach was killed by Malcolm, "by treachery", near Huntly on 23 April 1058. After this, Malcolm became king, perhaps being inaugurated on 25 April 1058, although only John of Fordun reports this.

paragraph: Section::::Malcolm and Ingibiorg.

paragraph: If Orderic Vitalis is to be relied upon, one of Malcolm's earliest actions as king was to travel to the court of Edward the Confessor in 1059 to arrange a marriage with Edward's kinswoman Margaret, who had arrived in England two years before from Hungary. If a marriage agreement was made in 1059, it was not kept, and this may explain the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1061 when Lindisfarne was plundered. Equally, Malcolm's raids in Northumbria may have been related to the disputed "Kingdom of the Cumbrians", reestablished by Earl Siward in 1054, which was under Malcolm's control by 1070.

paragraph: The "Orkneyinga saga" reports that Malcolm married the widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Ingibiorg, a daughter of Finn Arnesson. Although Ingibiorg is generally assumed to have died shortly before 1070, it is possible that she died much earlier, around 1058. The "Orkneyinga Saga" records that Malcolm and Ingibiorg had a son, Duncan II (Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim), who was later king. Some Medieval commentators, following William of Malmesbury, claimed that Duncan was illegitimate, but this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by Margaret to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the Meic Uilleim. Malcolm's son Domnall, whose death is reported in 1085, is not mentioned by the author of the "Orkneyinga Saga". He is assumed to have been born to Ingibiorg.

paragraph: Malcolm's marriage to Ingibiorg secured him peace in the north and west. The "Heimskringla" tells that her father Finn had been an adviser to Harald Hardraade and, after falling out with Harald, was then made an Earl by Sweyn Estridsson, King of Denmark, which may have been another recommendation for the match. Malcolm enjoyed a peaceful relationship with the Earldom of Orkney, ruled jointly by his stepsons, Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson. The "Orkneyinga Saga" reports strife with Norway but this is probably misplaced as it associates this with Magnus Barefoot, who became king of Norway only in 1093, the year of Malcolm's death.

paragraph: Section::::Malcolm and Margaret.

paragraph: Although he had given sanctuary to Tostig Godwinson when the Northumbrians drove him out, Malcolm was not directly involved in the ill-fated invasion of England by Harald Hardraade and Tostig in 1066, which ended in defeat and death at the battle of Stamford Bridge. In 1068, he granted asylum to a group of English exiles fleeing from William of Normandy, among them Agatha, widow of Edward the Confessor's nephew Edward the Exile, and her children: Edgar Ætheling and his sisters Margaret and Cristina. They were accompanied by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. The exiles were disappointed, however, if they had expected immediate assistance from the Scots.

paragraph: In 1069 the exiles returned to England, to join a spreading revolt in the north. Even though Gospatric and Siward's son Waltheof submitted by the end of the year, the arrival of a Danish army under Sweyn Estridsson seemed to ensure that William's position remained weak. Malcolm decided on war, and took his army south into Cumbria and across the Pennines, wasting Teesdale and Cleveland then marching north, loaded with loot, to Wearmouth. There Malcolm met Edgar and his family, who were invited to return with him, but did not. As Sweyn had by now been bought off with a large Danegeld, Malcolm took his army home. In reprisal, William sent Gospatric to raid Scotland through Cumbria. In return, the Scots fleet raided the Northumbrian coast where Gospatric's possessions were concentrated. Late in the year, perhaps shipwrecked on their way to a European exile, Edgar and his family again arrived in Scotland, this time to remain. By the end of 1070, Malcolm had married Edgar's sister Margaret (later known as Saint Margaret).

paragraph: The naming of their children represented a break with the traditional Scots regal names such as Malcolm, Cináed and Áed. The point of naming Margaret's sons—Edward after her father Edward the Exile, Edmund for her grandfather Edmund Ironside, Ethelred for her great-grandfather Ethelred the Unready and Edgar for her great-great-grandfather Edgar and her brother, briefly the elected king, Edgar Ætheling—was unlikely to be missed in England, where William of Normandy's grasp on power was far from secure. Whether the adoption of the classical Alexander for the future Alexander I of Scotland (either for Pope Alexander II or for Alexander the Great) and the biblical David for the future David I of Scotland represented a recognition that William of Normandy would not be easily removed, or was due to the repetition of Anglo-Saxon royal name—another Edmund had preceded Edgar—is not known. Margaret also gave Malcolm two daughters, Edith, who married Henry I of England, and Mary, who married Eustace III of Boulogne.

paragraph: In 1072, with the Harrying of the North completed and his position again secure, William of Normandy came north with an army and a fleet. Malcolm met William at Abernethy and, in the words of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" "became his man" and handed over his eldest son Duncan as a hostage and arranged peace between William and Edgar. Accepting the overlordship of the king of the English was no novelty, as previous kings had done so without result. The same was true of Malcolm; his agreement with the English king was followed by further raids into Northumbria, which led to further trouble in the earldom and the killing of Bishop William Walcher at Gateshead. In 1080, William sent his son Robert Curthose north with an army while his brother Odo punished the Northumbrians. Malcolm again made peace, and this time kept it for over a decade.

paragraph: Malcolm faced little recorded internal opposition, with the exception of Lulach's son Máel Snechtai. In an unusual entry, for the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" contains little on Scotland, it says that in 1078:

paragraph: Whatever provoked this strife, Máel Snechtai survived until 1085.

paragraph: Section::::Malcolm and William Rufus.

paragraph: When William Rufus became king of England after his father's death, Malcolm did not intervene in the rebellions by supporters of Robert Curthose which followed. In 1091, William Rufus confiscated Edgar Ætheling's lands in England, and Edgar fled north to Scotland. In May, Malcolm marched south, not to raid and take slaves and plunder, but to besiege Newcastle, built by Robert Curthose in 1080. This appears to have been an attempt to advance the frontier south from the River Tweed to the River Tees. The threat was enough to bring the English king back from Normandy, where he had been fighting Robert Curthose. In September, learning of William Rufus's approaching army, Malcolm withdrew north and the English followed. Unlike in 1072, Malcolm was prepared to fight, but a peace was arranged by Edgar Ætheling and Robert Curthose whereby Malcolm again acknowledged the overlordship of the English king.

paragraph: In 1092, the peace began to break down. Based on the idea that the Scots controlled much of modern Cumbria, it had been supposed that William Rufus's new castle at Carlisle and his settlement of English peasants in the surrounds was the cause. It is unlikely that Malcolm controlled Cumbria, and the dispute instead concerned the estates granted to Malcolm by William Rufus's father in 1072 for his maintenance when visiting England. Malcolm sent messengers to discuss the question and William Rufus agreed to a meeting. Malcolm travelled south to Gloucester, stopping at Wilton Abbey to visit his daughter Edith and sister-in-law Cristina. Malcolm arrived there on 24 August 1093 to find that William Rufus refused to negotiate, insisting that the dispute be judged by the English barons. This Malcolm refused to accept, and returned immediately to Scotland.

paragraph: It does not appear that William Rufus intended to provoke a war, but, as the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" reports, war came:

paragraph: Malcolm was accompanied by Edward, his eldest son by Margaret and probable heir-designate (or tánaiste), and by Edgar. Even by the standards of the time, the ravaging of Northumbria by the Scots was seen as harsh.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle. The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick. Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Margaret, it is said, died soon after receiving the news of their deaths from Edgar. The Annals of Ulster say:

paragraph: Malcolm's body was taken to Tynemouth Priory for burial. The king's body was sent north for reburial, in the reign of his son Alexander, at Dunfermline Abbey, or possibly Iona.

paragraph: On 19 June 1250, following the canonisation of Malcolm's wife Margaret by Pope Innocent IV, Margaret's remains were disinterred and placed in a reliquary. Tradition has it that as the reliquary was carried to the high altar of Dunfermline Abbey, past Malcolm's grave, it became too heavy to move. As a result, Malcolm's remains were also disinterred, and buried next to Margaret beside the altar.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Malcolm and Ingibiorg had three sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Duncan II of Scotland, succeeded his father as King of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Donald, died ca. 1094

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Malcolm, died ca. 1085 (apocryphal)

paragraph: Malcolm and Margaret had eight children, six sons and two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Edward, killed 1093

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Edmund of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Ethelred, abbot of Dunkeld

paragraph: BULLET::::4. King Edgar of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::5. King Alexander I of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Edith of Scotland, also called Matilda, married King Henry I of England

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Mary of Scotland, married Eustace III of Boulogne

paragraph: BULLET::::8. King David I of Scotland

paragraph: Section::::Depictions in fiction.

paragraph: Malcolm appears in William Shakespeare’s "Macbeth" as Malcolm. He is the son of King Duncan and heir to the throne. He first appears in the second scene where he is talking to a sergeant, with Duncan. The sergeant tells them how the battle was won thanks to Macbeth. Then Ross comes and Duncan decides that Macbeth should take the title of Thane of Cawdor. Then he later appears in Act 1.4 talking about the execution of the former Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth then enters and they congratulate him on his victory. He later appears in Macbeth's castle as a guest. When his father is killed he is suspected of the murder so he escapes to England. He later makes an appearance in Act 4.3, where he talks to Macduff about Macbeth and what to do. They both decide to start a war against him. In Act 5.4 he is seen in Dunsinane getting ready for war. He orders the troops to hide behind branches and slowly advance towards the castle. In Act 5.8 he watches the battle against Macbeth and Macduff with Siward and Ross. When eventually Macbeth is killed, Malcolm takes over as king.

paragraph: The married life of Malcolm III and Margaret has been the subject of three historical novels: "A Goodly Pearl" (1905) by Mary H. Debenham, and "Malcolm Canmore's Pearl" (1907) by Agnes Grant Hay, and "Sing, Morning Star" by Jane Oliver (1949). They focus on court life in Dunfermline, and the Margaret helping introduce Anglo-Saxon culture in Scotland. The latter two novels cover events to 1093, ending with Malcolm's death. Malcolm's conflict with William the Conqueror is depicted in the screenplay, Malcolm Son of Duncan, by Laura Ballou which is part of the reading reference library at the Clan Donnachaidh Society Center in Perthshire, Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, Alan Orr, "Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286", volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, Alan Orr, "Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers." D. Nutt, London, 1908.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, Marjorie Ogilvie, "Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland." Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, revised edition 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anon., "Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney", tr. Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards. Penguin, London, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barrell, A.D.M. "Medieval Scotland." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barrow, G.W.S., "Kingship and Unity: Scotland, 1000–1306." Reprinted, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barrow, G.W.S., "The Kingdom of the Scots." Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broun, Dauvit, "The Irish Identity of the Kingdom of the Scots in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries." Boydell, Woodbridge, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burton, John Hill, "The History of Scotland", New Edition, 8 vols, Edinburgh 1876

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clancy, Thomas Owen, "St. Margaret" in Michael Lynch (ed.), "The Oxford Companion to Scottish History." Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duncan, A.A.M., "The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence." Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dunlop, Eileen, "Queen Margaret of Scotland." National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hammond, Matthew H., "Ethnicity and Writing of Medieval Scottish History", in "The Scottish Historical Review", Vol. 85, April, 2006, pp. 1–27

paragraph: BULLET::::- John of Fordun, "Chronicle of the Scottish Nation", ed. William Forbes Skene, tr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 vols. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McDonald, R. Andrew, "The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 1100–c.1336." Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McDonald, R. Andrew, "Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058–1266." Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magnusson, Magnus, "Scotland: The Story of a Nation." Atlantic Monthly Press, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oram, Richard, "David I: The King Who Made Scotland." Tempus, Stroud, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reid, Norman, "Kings and Kingship: Canmore Dynasty" in Michael Lynch (ed.), op. cit.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ritchie, R. L. Graeme, "The Normans in Scotland", Edinburgh University Press, 1954

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sturluson, Snorri, "Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway", tr. Lee M. Hollander. Reprinted University of Texas Press, Austin, 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Young, James, ed., "Historical References to the Scottish Family of Lauder", Glasgow, 1884

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orkneyinga Saga at Northvegr

paragraph: BULLET::::- CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork includes the Annals of Ulster, Tigernach and Innisfallen, the Lebor Bretnach and the Chronicon Scotorum among others. Most are translated or translations are in progress.

description: King of Scotland

wikidata_label: Malcolm III of Scotland

wikipedia_title: Malcolm III of Scotland


text: Vnesheconombank

text: national development bank

text: non-official cover

text: diplomatic immunity

text: United Nations

text: Krasnodar Krai

text: Tunis

text: Pretoria

text: New York City

text: intelligence sources

text: U.S. sanctions on Russia

text: Russian News Agency TASS

text: New York Stock Exchange

text: high-frequency trading

text: exchange-traded fund

text: undercover agent

text: Federal Bureau of Investigations

text: binders

text: hidden microphones

text: Manhattan

text: casino

text: Atlantic City

text: Carter Page

text: BuzzFeed

text: diplomatic immunity

text: electronic surveillance of Carter Page

text: Donald Trump's 2016 election campaign

text: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

text: Richard M. Berman

text: Federal Correctional Institution

text: Elkton, Ohio

text: Nunes memo

categories: Russian spies,Russian bankers,Living people

paragraph: Evgeny Buryakov

paragraph: Evgeny Evgenievich Buryakov (; born ) is a convicted Russian spy. He was arrested on January 26, 2015, charged with, and pleading guilty to, spying on the United States for the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR). Buryakov was a New York-based Deputy Representative of Vnesheconombank, Russia's state-owned national development bank. Buryakov operated with non-official cover, and was thus not entitled to diplomatic immunity. Buryakov conducted his espionage with the assistance of Igor Sporyshev, Trade Representative of the Russian Federation to New York, and Victor Podobnyy, an Attaché to the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations. In exchange for pleading guilty, Buryakov received a reduced sentence of 30 months in federal prison and fined $100,000. He was released early from prison on 31 March 2017 and deported from the United States six days later.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Buryakov was born on March 2, 1975, in Krasnodar Krai, and previously worked at a tax office in Moscow before coming to America. His father, Yevgeny Petrovich Buryakov, is an engineer at the Russian Embassy in Tunis.

paragraph: His wife, Marina, said they met in Kushchevskaya in 1994 in when she was in high school. They married in May 1999. They have one son and one daughter. After Buryakov's arrest in 2015, his mother, Tatiana, returned from Tunis to Moscow to help look after his children.

paragraph: Section::::Espionage.

paragraph: Prior to working in New York City, Buryakov worked in Pretoria under non-official cover from October 1, 2004, to April 30, 2009 Beginning around March 2012, in dozens of occasions at locations in and around Manhattan and the Bronx, Buryakov began meeting with Sporyshev and Podobnyy for the purpose of exchanging information related to their work as intelligence officers operating within the United States at the direction of the Russian SVR. They tasked Buryakov with attempting to recruit New York City residents as intelligence sources, as well as gathering information about U.S. sanctions on Russia and U.S. efforts to develop alternative energy resources. Buryakov worked for Directorate ER of the SVR, which is focused on economic intelligence. Buryakov also came up with questions for the Russian News Agency TASS to ask at the New York Stock Exchange regarding high-frequency trading , exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and automatic trading robots.

paragraph: Beginning in 2013, an undercover agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), posing as an analyst for an energy firm, began providing Sporyshev with binders containing industry analyses and bugged with hidden microphones, allowing the FBI to record Sporyshev, Podobnyy, and other Russian intelligence personnel. The undercover agent met Buryakov at a Manhattan office, as well as at casinos in Atlantic City.

paragraph: On April 3, 2017, Carter Page revealed to BuzzFeed that he is "Male-1" in the January 2015 indictments against Evgeny Buryakov, Viktor Podobnyy, and Igor Sporyshev and that Page had met with Podobnyy beginning in 2013. In January 2015, the three Russians were charged with overtly conspiring against the United States and that Buryakov had been an unregistered agent of a foreign government. In absentia, 40 year old Podobnyy and 27 year old Sporyshev were charged also with aiding and abetting Buryakov, but were not arrested because Podobnyy and Sporyshev, as officials of the Russian government, left the United States under diplomatic immunity. During the investigations of the three Russians, the United States government used recorded transcripts of their conversations. Later, during October 2016 when the FBI and the Justice Department officials obtained a 90-day warrant for electronic surveillance of Carter Page who had ceased being an adviser to Donald Trump's 2016 election campaign, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) application included Page's relationships with Buryakov, Podobnyy, and Sporyshev as part of the basis for obtaining the warrant.

paragraph: Section::::Conviction.

paragraph: Buryakov's defense, financed by Vnesheconombank, argued that he was protected from the charges by virtue of being an official employee of the Russian government, though this argument was rejected by Judge Richard M. Berman. Buryakov ultimately pleaded guilty to the charges against him, and was sentenced to 30 months in prison and a $100,000 fine. He served his sentence at the minimum-security Federal Correctional Institution in Elkton, Ohio. He was released early, on 31 March 2017, and deported back to Russia on 5 April 2017.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nunes memo

wikidata_label: Evgeny Buryakov

wikipedia_title: Evgeny Buryakov


text:
Oregon Country
American Revolutionary War
provisional government
Pittsburgh
territory
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Battle of Kings Mountain
Battle of Cowpens
Fort Mackinac
William Price Hunt
Washington Irving
Astoria
French Prairie
Etienne Lucier
John McLoughlin
gristmill
Ft. Vancouver
St. Paul, Oregon

categories: 1755 births,1854 deaths,People from Marion County, Oregon,Members of the Provisional Government of Oregon,Oregon pioneers,Military personnel of the American Revolutionary War,Champoeg Meetings

paragraph: William Cannon (pioneer)

paragraph: William Cannon (17551854) was among the first pioneers in the Oregon Country and the only recorded American Revolutionary War soldier buried in Oregon. Cannon voted with the majority in favor of a provisional government.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Cannon was born in 1755 near Pittsburgh in territory claimed both by Pennsylvania and Virginia. He served in the American Revolutionary War at the Battle of Kings Mountain and at the Battle of Cowpens.

paragraph: Section::::Oregon Country.

paragraph: While a soldier at Michigan's Fort Mackinac in 1810, Cannon was recruited by William Price Hunt to accompany an overland expedition to the Oregon Country. In his 1836 book, "Astoria", Washington Irving related Cannon's unpleasant experience with a grizzly bear during the trip. The party reached Astoria in 1812. Later they traveled to French Prairie, and Etienne Lucier remained with Cannon to help start an American settlement. When John McLoughlin arrived in 1824, Cannon built a gristmill at Ft. Vancouver.

paragraph: In 1843 Cannon was among the immigrants who voted in favor of forming a provisional government in the Oregon Country.

paragraph: Cannon died in 1854 and was buried at St. Paul, Oregon.

description: Oregon pioneer

wikidata_label: William Cannon

wikipedia_title: William Cannon (pioneer)


text: Daruma Magazine

paragraph: Kameda Bōsai

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Addiss, Stephen, Kameda Bôsai’s Mountains of the Heart, "Daruma Magazine", No. 60, 48-52, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Addiss, Stephen, "The world of Kameda Bôsai, the calligraphy, poetry, painting, and artistic circle of a Japanese literatus", New Orleans, New Orleans Museum of Art, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bôsai, Kameda "Mountains of the Heart", New York, G. Braziller, 2007.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bridge of dreams: the Mary Griggs Burke collection of Japanese art, a catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Kameda Bōsai (see index)

alias:
Kameda Chōkō
Kameda Hōsai
Bunzaemon Kameda
Yoku Kameda
Kameda Choko
Okoru Kameda
Nagaoki Kameda
龜田鵬齋
Kameda Bosai
Kameda Hosai
Hōsai Kameda
亀田鵬齋
Bosai Kameda
亀田鵬斎
Kameda Bōsai
Bousai Kameda

description: Japanese artist

wikidata_label: Bōsai Kameda

wikipedia_title: Kameda Bōsai


text:
post-hardcore
Saosin
Saosin
post-hardcore
Saosin
Anthony Green
Saosin EP
Saosin
In Search of Solid Ground
Come Close
Saints
Norma Jean
The Anti Mother
Saosin
Saosin (EP)
Capitol
Saosin
Come Close
In Search of Solid Ground
Virgin

wikipedia_title:
Post-hardcore
Saosin
Saosin
Post-hardcore
Saosin
Anthony Green (musician)
Saosin (EP)
Saosin (album)
In Search of Solid Ground
Come Close (album)
Saints (Destroy the Runner album)
Norma Jean (band)
The Anti Mother
Saosin
Saosin (EP)
Capitol Records
Saosin (album)
Come Close (album)
In Search of Solid Ground
Virgin Records

categories: People from Vista, California,Musicians from San Diego,American male singers,American rock singers,Singers from California,1985 births,21st-century American singers,American Latter Day Saints,Living people,21st-century male singers

paragraph: Cove Reber

paragraph: Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American rock band Dead American and best known as the former lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin from 2004 to 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Reber started out in early life and first entered the music scene as vocalist for Vista, California high school bands "Mormon In The Middle" and "Stamp Out Detroit" in early 2000's before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Saosin (2004-2010).

paragraph: In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably "Saosin" (2006) and "In Search of Solid Ground" (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theater of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 3, 2007.

paragraph: Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Patriot (2011-2016).

paragraph: After leaving Saosin in 2010, Reber started a project titled Patriot with Joey Bradford and Kyle Rosa.

paragraph: In 2011 demo versions of songs "Float Away With Me" and "I Found My Way" were released via band's BandCamp.

paragraph: In 2016, Patriot released an official 4-track "Dream Weaver" EP.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Dead American (2017-Present).

paragraph: Throughout 2017 and into early 2018, Reber shared a series of Instagram posts which included promotional shots and compilations of recording progress teasers under the name Dead American. On August 31, 2018, Dead American officially released two short teasers featuring Reber via their Instagram promoting the songs "Gravity" and "Grown So Cold" from their upcoming EP "The Shape of Punk Is Dumb". On September 1, 2018, "Ants and Pawns" was released as a single which followed an announcement from Reber, he revealed that the EP would be released in October 2018.

paragraph: Dead American's debut 5-track EP "The Shape of Punk is Dumb" was released on October 5, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2006 Reber provided guest vocals on the Destroy The Runner debut album Saints and features in the song "From The Red".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2008 Reber provided guest vocals on the Norma Jean album The Anti Mother he features on tracks, "Surrender Your Sons, Robots: 3, Humans: 0, Murphy Was an Optimist and And There Will Be a Swarm of Hornets."

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2016 Reber provided vocals on the HOllOWS track "You're Not the Only One" from their self-titled EP.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saosin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mookie's Last Christmas" (Acoustic Audition, 2004), Independent

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capitol Demos" (Demo, 2005), Independent

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come Close" (Demo, 2005), Independent

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saosin (EP)" (2005), Capitol

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saosin" (2006), Capitol

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come Close" (2008), Capitol

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Search of Solid Ground" (2009), Virgin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Grey" (2008), Capitol

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2010 Demos" (Demo, 2010), Independent

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patriot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Found My Way" (Demo song, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dream Weaver (EP)" (2016), Independent

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dead American

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shape of Punk is Dumb (EP)" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saosin's Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Cove Reber on becoming the new singer of Saosin

description: American vocalist

wikidata_label: Cove Reber

wikipedia_title: Cove Reber


text:
Ano Soudena
Ottoman Empire
Greece
modern Greek Enlightenment
Ottoman occupation of Greece
Greek language question
Katharevousa
Dimotiki
Ano Soudena
Zagori
Epirus
Ioannina
Metsovo
Bucharest
Wallachia
Vienna
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Filiki Eteria
Greek independent state
Egina
Ioannis Kapodistrias
Rizarios Seminary
Adamantios Korais
Aristophanes
Bibliotheca
Homer
Pindar
Euripides
Sophocles
Anemi
Anemi
Anemi
Google

categories: 1845 deaths,19th-century Greek philosophers,1760 births,19th-century Eastern Orthodox priests,Greek Eastern Orthodox priests,People of the Modern Greek Enlightenment,People from Zagori

paragraph: Neophytos Doukas

paragraph: Neophytos Doukas or Dukas (; 1760, Ano Soudena, Ottoman Empire – 1845, northwestern Greece) was a Greek priest and scholar, author of a large number of books and translations from ancient Greek works, and one of the most important personalities of the modern Greek Enlightenment ("Diafotismos") during the Ottoman occupation of Greece. His contributions to Greek education have been neglected because of the traditional ideas he advocated concerning the Greek language question (supporting the use of classical Greek over Katharevousa [Puristic Greek] and Dimotiki).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Doukas was born in the village of Ano Soudena, in the mountainous Zagori region of Epirus, northwestern Greece. As a child he lived inside a monastic community and became a priest when he reached adulthood. He started his studies in Ioannina and Metsovo and then continued in Bucharest (Wallachia). His major interests were ancient Greek philosophy and literature as well as religious Greek and Latin documents.

paragraph: At 1803 he moved to Vienna and became one of the most significant personalities of the Greek community there, in which he lived for 12 years. His career as a teacher started in 1812 in Bucharest, when he became director of the Eponym School (Greek: Επώνυμη Σχολή). His teaching methods were so popular that the number of his students increased rapidly in a 6 months period: from 60 to 400. His work was recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. In 1820 he became a member of the Filiki Eteria organization.

paragraph: With the creation of the Greek independent state, he returned to Greece and undertook the administration of the orphanage of Egina, after being invited to do so by Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias. He made a donation of 11,000 books to the orphanage's library. In the same period, he became director of Rizarios Seminary (a religious institution of higher education) in Athens, but he died at the age of 85, before he could take up the duties of this position.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: His significant educational and writing activity remained mostly unknown (until the late 20th century), mainly because of his conservative ideas and his promotion and use of the classical Greek language in education. He was accused by Adamantios Korais of being an "anti-philosopher". His contributions to Greek bibliography and to the Greek Enlightenment were, however, crucial.

paragraph: Among many other works (over 70 books), he edited a large number of ancient Greek authors, including Aristophanes, the "Bibliotheca", Homer, Pindar, Euripides, Sophocles.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ē kat' epitomēn grammatikē Terpsithea", 1812 (Anemi); 5th ed., 1832 (Anemi); 1833 (Anemi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peri` tēs hellēnikes glōssēs" [About the Greek language] ((Google))

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Podskalsky, Gerhard, Griechische Theologie in der Zeit der Türkenherrschaft, , München: C.H. Beck (1988), pp. 361–362 (in German).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clogg, Anti-clericalism in pre-independence Greece, in: Baker, Derek (ed.): The Orthodox Churches in the West, , Oxford: Blackwell (1976), pp. 261–2.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ο Νεόφυτος Δούκας και η συμβολή του στο νεοελληνικό Διαφωτισμό, , Publisher: Κυβέλη (2002), Αuthor(s): Νεόφυτος Χαριλάου (in Greek)

description: Greek philosopher

wikidata_label: Neophytos Doukas

wikipedia_title: Neophytos Doukas


text: Tamil

text: Indian independence activist

text: Indian Independence movement

text: Ettayapuram

text: Tirunelveli district

text: Thoothukudi

text: Tirunelveli

text: Varanasi

text: The Hindu

text: British India

text: Pondicherry (union Territory)

text: Tamil cinema

text: Ettayapuram

text: Tirunelveli

text: Saraswati

text: Varanasi

text: Hindu spirituality

text: Swadeshamitran

text: Sister Nivedita

text: Vivekananda

text: Guru

text: Swaraj

text: M.P.T. Acharya

text: Russian

text: French

text: V.O. Chidambaram Pillai

text: Indian National Congress

text: Tilak

text: V. O. Chidambaram Pillai

text: Madras

text: Pondicherry

text: Aurobindo

text: Lajpat Rai

text: Arya

text: Bhagavat Gita

text: Cuddalore

text: Annie Besant

text: C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar

text: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

text: Madras

text: Chennai

text: Parthasarathy temple

text: Triplicane

text: Chennai

text: Triplicane, Chennai

text: Government of Tamil Nadu

text: Tamil

text: Tilak

text: Gandhi

text: Lajpat Rai

text: Belgium

text: Allah

text: Tamil

text: Draupadi

text: Bharat Mata

text: Pandava

text: Kaurava

text: Kurukshetra

text: Mahabharat

text: Bengal

text: Sri Lanka

text: Jayanthasri Balakrishnan

text: caste system

text: Brahmin

text: upanayanam

text: Dalit

text: Brahmin

text: Vedas

text: Gita

text: Dalits

text: Subramanyam Bharti Award

text: Ministry of Human Resource Development

text: Hindi

text: Bharathiar University

text: state university

text: Coimbatore

text: statue

text: Marina Beach

text: Indian Parliament

text: Tamil Movie

text: Bharati

text: Gnana Rajasekeran

text: Kappalottiya Thamizhan

text: V.O.Chidambaranar

text: Subramanya Siva

text: Coimbatore

text: New Delhi

text: Sevalaya

text: SS Music

text: Ayngaran International

text: Adele

text: Skyfall

text: Bharathi

text: Kadayam

text: To know all about Mahakavi Bharathiar

text: Complete history of Mahakavi Bharathiar

categories: Tamil-language writers,Tamil poets,Indian social reformers,20th-century Indian poets,Animal attack victims,Indian reformers,Indian male poets,Hindu poets,Tamil activists,People from Thoothukudi district,1921 deaths,Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu,Indian autobiographers,1882 births

paragraph: Subramania Bharati

paragraph: Chinnaswami Subramania Bharathi, also known as Bharathiyar (11 December 1882 – 11 September 1921), was a Tamil writer, poet, journalist, Indian independence activist and a social reformer. Popularly known as "Mahakavi Bharathi", he was a pioneer of modern Tamil poetry and is considered one of the greatest Tamil literary figures of all time. His numerous works included fiery songs kindling patriotism during the Indian Independence movement.

paragraph: Born in Ettayapuram of Tirunelveli district (present day Thoothukudi) in 1882, Bharathi had his early education in Tirunelveli and Varanasi and worked as a journalist with many newspapers, including The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini, the "Swadesamitran" and "India". In 1908, an arrest warrant was issued against Bharati by the government of British India for his revolutionary writings, forcing him to flee to Pondicherry (union Territory), where he lived until 1918.

paragraph: Bharathi's influence on Tamil literature is phenomenal.His favorite language was Tamil. He was prolific in his output. He covered political, social and spiritual themes. The songs and poems composed by Bharati are very often used in Tamil cinema and have become staples in the literary and musical repertoire of Tamil artistes throughout the world. He paved the way for modern blank verse.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bharati was born on 11 December 1882 in the village of Ettayapuram, to Chinnaswami Subramania Iyer and Lakshmi Ammal. Subbaiah, as he was named, went to the M.D.T. Hindu College in Tirunelveli. From a very young age, he was musically and poetically inclined. Bharati lost his mother at the age of five and was brought up by his father who wanted him to learn English, excel in arithmetic, and become an engineer. A proficient linguist, he was well-versed in Sanskrit, Hindi, Telugu, English, French and had a smattering of Arabic. Around the age of 11, he was conferred the title of "Bharati", the one blessed by Saraswati, the goddess of learning. Unfortunately he lost his father at the age of sixteen, but before that when he was 15, he married Chellamma who was seven years old.

paragraph: During his stay in Varanasi, Bharati was exposed to Hindu spirituality and nationalism. This broadened his outlook and he learned Sanskrit, Hindi and English. In addition, he changed his outward appearance. He also grew a beard and wore a turban due to his admiration of Sikhs, influenced by his Sikh friend. Though he passed an entrance exam for a job, he returned to Ettayapuram during 1901 and started as the court poet of Raja of Ettayapuram for a couple of years. He was a Tamil teacher from August to November 1904 in Sethupathy High School in Madurai. During this period, Bharati understood the need to be well-informed of the world outside and took interest in the world of journalism and the print media of the West. Bharati joined as Assistant Editor of the "Swadeshamitran", a Tamil daily in 1904. In December 1905, he attended the All India Congress session held in Benaras. On his journey back home, he met Sister Nivedita, Swami Vivekananda's spiritual heir. She inspired Bharati to recognise the privileges of women and the emancipation of women exercised Bharati's mind. He visualised the new woman as an emanation of Shakti, a willing helpmate of man to build a new earth through co-operative endeavour. Among other greats such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, he considered Nivedita as his Guru, and penned verses in her praise. He attended the Indian National Congress session in Calcutta under Dadabhai Naoiroji, which demanded Swaraj and boycott of British goods.

paragraph: By April 1906, he started editing the Tamil weekly "India" and the English newspaper "Bala Bharatham" with M.P.T. Acharya. These newspapers were also a means of expressing Bharati's creativity, which began to peak during this period. Bharati started to publish his poems regularly in these editions. From hymns to nationalistic writings, from contemplations on the relationship between God and Man to songs on the Russian and French revolutions, Bharati's subjects were diverse.

paragraph: Bharati participated in the historic Surat Congress in 1907 along with V.O. Chidambaram Pillai and Mandayam Srinivachariar, which deepened the divisions within the Indian National Congress with a section preferring armed resistance, primarily led by Tilak over moderate approach preferred by certain other sections. Bharati supported Tilak with V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Kanchi Varathachariyar. Tilak openly supported armed resistance against the British.

paragraph: In 1908, the British instituted a case against V.O. Chidambaram Pillai. In the same year, the proprietor of the journal "India" was arrested in Madras. Faced with the prospect of arrest, Bharati escaped to Pondicherry, which was under French rule. From there he edited and published the weekly journal "India", "Vijaya", a Tamil daily, "Bala Bharatham", an English monthly, and "Suryodayam", a local weekly in Pondicherry. The British tried to suppress Bharati's output by stopping remittances and letters to the papers. Both "India" and "Vijaya" were banned in India in 1909.

paragraph: During his exile, Bharati had the opportunity to meet many other leaders of the revolutionary wing of the Independence movement like Aurobindo, Lajpat Rai and V.V.S. Aiyar, who had also sought asylum under the French. Bharati assisted Aurobindo in the "Arya" journal and later "Karma Yogi" in Pondicherry. This was also the period when he started learning Vedic literature. Three of his greatest works namely, "Kuyil Pattu", "Panchali Sapatham" and "Kannan Pattu" were composed during 1912. He also translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali's "Yoga Sutra" and "Bhagavat Gita" to Tamil. Bharati entered India near Cuddalore in November 1918 and was promptly arrested. He was imprisoned in the Central prison in Cuddalore in custody for three weeks from 20 November to 14 December and was released after the intervention of Annie Besant and C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar. He was stricken by poverty during this period, resulting in his ill health. The following year, 1919, Bharati met Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He resumed editing "Swadesimeitran" from 1920 in Madras (modern day Chennai).

paragraph: He was badly affected by the imprisonments and by 1920, when a General Amnesty Order finally removed restrictions on his movements, Bharati was already struggling. He was struck by an elephant named Lavanya at Parthasarathy temple, Triplicane, Chennai, whom he used to feed regularly. Although he survived the incident, a few months later his health deteriorated and he died on 11 September 1921 early morning around 1 am. Though Bharati was considered a people's poet, a great nationalist, outstanding freedom fighter and social visionary, it was recorded that there were only 14 people to attend his funeral. He delivered his last speech at Karungalpalayam Library in Erode, which was about the topic "Man is Immortal". The last years of his life were spent in a house in Triplicane, Chennai. The house was bought and renovated by the Government of Tamil Nadu in 1993 and named Bharati Illam (Home of Bharati).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Bharati is considered as one of the pioneers of modern Tamil literature. Bharati used simple words and rhythms, unlike his previous century works in Tamil, which had complex vocabulary. He also employed novel ideas and techniques in his devotional poems. He used a metre called "Nondi Chindu" in most of his works, which was earlier used by Gopalakrisnha Bharathiar.

paragraph: Bharati's poetry expressed a progressive, reformist ideal. His imagery and the vigour of his verse were a forerunner to modern Tamil poetry in different aspects. He was the forerunner of a forceful kind of poetry that combined classical and contemporary elements. He had a prodigious output penning thousands of verses on diverse topics like Indian Nationalism, love songs, children's songs, songs of nature, glory of the Tamil language, and odes to prominent freedom fighters of India like Tilak, Gandhi and Lajpat Rai. He even penned an ode to New Russia and Belgium. His poetry not only includes works on Hindu deities like Shakti, Kali, Vinayagar, Murugan, Sivan, Kannan(Krishna), but also on other religious gods like Allah and Jesus. His insightful similes have been read by millions of Tamil readers. He was well-versed in various languages and translated speeches of Indian National reform leaders like Aurabindo, Bala Gangadar Tilak and Swami Vivekananda.

paragraph: He describes the dance of Shakthi in the following lines:

paragraph: It is the opinion of some litterateurs that Bharathiar's "Panchali Sapatham," based on the story of Panchali (Draupadi), is also an ode to Bharat Mata. That the Pandavass are the Indians, the Kauravas the British and the Kurukshetra war of Mahabharat that of the Indian freedom struggle. It certainly is ascribed to the rise of womanhood in society.

paragraph: He is known to have said, "Even if Indians are divided, they are children of one Mother, where is the need for foreigners to interfere?" In the period 1910–1920, he wrote about a new and free India where there are no castes. He talks of building up India's defense, her ships sailing the high seas, success in manufacturing and universal education. He calls for sharing amongst states with wonderful imagery like the diversion of excess water of the Bengal delta to needy regions and a bridge to Sri Lanka.

paragraph: Bharati also wanted to abolish starvation. He sang, ""Thani oru manithanakku unavu illayenil intha jagaththinai azhithiduvom"" translated as " If one single man suffers from starvation, we will destroy the entire world".

paragraph: Some of his poems are translated by Jayanthasri Balakrishnan in English in her blog, though not published.

paragraph: Section::::Bharati on caste system.

paragraph: Bharati also fought against the caste system in Hindu society. Although born into an orthodox Brahmin family, he considered all living beings as equal and to illustrate this he performed the "upanayanam" for a young Dalit man and made him a Brahmin. He also scorned the divisive tendencies being imparted into the younger generations by their elderly tutors during his time. He openly criticised the preachers for mixing their individual thoughts while teaching the Vedas and the Gita. He strongly advocated bringing the Dalits to the Hindu mainstream.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Government of India in 1987 instituted a highest National Subramanyam Bharti Award conferred along with Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi literature.

paragraph: Bharathiar University, a state university named after the poet, was established in 1982 at Coimbatore. There is a statue of Bharathiar at Marina Beach and also in the Indian Parliament. A Tamil Movie titled Bharati was made in the year 2000 on the life of the poet by Gnana Rajasekeran, which won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil. The movie "Kappalottiya Thamizhan" chronicles the important struggles of V.O.Chidambaranar along with Subramanya Siva and Bharathiar with S.V. Subbaiah starring as Subramania Bharati.

paragraph: Many roads are named after him, notable ones including Bharathiar road in Coimbatore and Subramaniam Bharti Marg in New Delhi. The NGO Sevalaya runs the Mahakavi Bharatiya Higher Secondary School.

paragraph: In March 2013, SS Music and Ayngaran International noted British singer Adele's song "Skyfall"'s similarities to Bharati's poem "Achamillai Achamillai", which contains the lyrics ""Uchchi Meedhu Vaan Idindhu Veezhugindra Podhinum, Achcham Illai Achcham Illai Achcham Enbadhillaiye"", which loosely translate "Skyfall"'s lyrics, "Let the sky fall, when it crumbles, we will stand tall and face it all together."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bharathi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kadayam

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahakavi Subramania Bharati by Bharati's Granddaughter, Dr. S. Vijaya Bharati

paragraph: BULLET::::- To know all about Mahakavi Bharathiar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete history of Mahakavi Bharathiar

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Bharathiar-museum-in-Cuddalore-prison-to-be-thrown-open-soon/article16630552.ece

description: Tamil poet

enwikiquote_title: Subramanya Bharathi

wikidata_label: Subramanya Bharathi

wikipedia_title: Subramania Bharati


text:
hangul
hanja
lieutenant general
Imperial Japanese Army
ethnic Korean in Japan
war crimes
Empire of Japan
World War II
Imperial Japanese Army Academy
Allied
U.S.
Filipino
prisoners of war
Imperial Japanese Army
Namyang Hong clan
yangban
Anseong
Gyeonggi-do
Eulsa Treaty
military academy
Korean Empire
Crown Prince Yi Eun
Emperor Gojong
Imperial Japanese Army Academy
annexation of Korea by Japan
Ji Cheong-cheon
Army War College
sōshi-kaimei
lieutenant general
China Expeditionary Army
major general
prisoner-of-war camp
lieutenant general
Manila
military tribunal
Christianity
Psalm 51
King David
Bathsheba
Waseda University
Bank of Chōsen
Syngman Rhee
United States

categories: Japanese people of Korean descent,1946 deaths,People from Anseong,Executed Korean people,Executed military personnel,Executed Japanese people,Japanese generals,People executed for war crimes,Japanese people executed abroad,1889 births,Korean Christians,Japanese people convicted of war crimes,Military history of Korea during World War II,Converts to Christianity,Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan

paragraph: Hong Sa-ik

paragraph: Hong Sa-ik (hangul 홍사익;hanja 洪思翊; 4 March 1889 – 26 September 1946) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and the top-ranking ethnic Korean in Japan to be charged with war crimes relating to the conduct of the Empire of Japan in World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: A graduate of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, Hong was placed in command of the Japanese camps holding Allied (primarily U.S. and Filipino) prisoners of war in the Philippines during the latter part of World War II, where many of the camp guards were of Korean ethnicity.

paragraph: Hong was held responsible for all the atrocities committed by Imperial Japanese Army prison guards against allied POWs, and was hanged in 1946.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Hong, a member of the Namyang Hong clan, was born in 1889 to a "yangban" family in Anseong, Gyeonggi-do. In 1905, as the Eulsa Treaty was being signed, he entered into the military academy of the Korean Empire. With the abolishment of the academy in 1909, he transferred to Japan's as a government-financed student along with Crown Prince Yi Eun on the orders of dethroned Emperor Gojong.

paragraph: Soon after, he advanced to the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. At that time, there were several students from the Empire of Korea enrolled at the military academy, and with the shock of the 1910 annexation of Korea by Japan, a few left the Academy to join in the movements for Korean independence, but most followed the lead of Ji Cheong-cheon, who argued that they should leave to fight only after having studied and developed their skills. A few, such as Hong, attempted to stay aloof from either movement, and largely parted ways with his classmates.

paragraph: In 1914, Hong graduated in the 26th class of the Academy and was commissioned as a lieutenant into the Imperial Japanese Army, and in 1923 graduated from the Army War College.

paragraph: Section::::Rising through the ranks.

paragraph: With the implementation of the "sōshi-kaimei" policy, Hong was under strong pressure to change his Korean name to a Japanese-style name, but he ignored the pressure and in the end did not change his name and kept his surname as Hong.

paragraph: Hong continued to demonstrate exceptional ability and was rapidly promoted through the ranks, eventually rising to the rank of lieutenant general. From 1939-40, he was with the China Expeditionary Army. From 1940-41, he was assigned to the 1st Depot Division, and in 1941, he became the commander of the IJA 108th Infantry Brigade as a major general.

paragraph: In March 1944, he went to the Philippines to command all prisoner-of-war camps. He was promoted to lieutenant general in October of the same year, and remained in the Philippines under the 14th Area Army until the cessation of hostilities.

paragraph: Section::::Trial and execution.

paragraph: After the war, Hong was tried in Manila before a military tribunal by the Allies over the conduct of his prison guards while he was commandant. The Manila tribunal sentenced Hong to death as a war criminal on 18 April 1946.

paragraph: While in prison, Hong was reported to have converted to Christianity. He was hanged on 26 September 1946. Before he was executed, he requested the presiding minister to read Psalm 51, a plea by King David for God to wash away the sin of his adultery with Bathsheba.

paragraph: Section::::Later views.

paragraph: After Korea regained its independence, Hong's family became the target of blame and ostracism by various factions in Korea. His eldest son, Hong Guk-seon, graduated from Japan's Waseda University and afterwards worked in the Bank of Chōsen , but was removed from his position on the orders of Syngman Rhee. He and his mother, Hong's widow, later emigrated to the United States.

description: Japanese general

wikidata_label: Hong Sa-ik

wikipedia_title: Hong Sa-ik


text:
American
tennis player
figure skater
single skating
pair skating
ice dancing
Boston, Massachusetts
Brookline, Massachusetts
U.S. Figure Skating Championships
pair skating
Theresa Weld Blanchard
ice dancing
U.S. National Championships
Edith Rotch
Robert Lindley Murray
1932 World Figure Skating Championships
Tennis Archives

categories: Figure skaters at the 1924 Winter Olympics,1932 deaths,Sportspeople from Boston,1886 births,People from Brookline, Massachusetts,American male pair skaters,Olympic figure skaters of the United States,Figure skaters at the 1928 Winter Olympics,Figure skaters at the 1920 Summer Olympics,American male single skaters,Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles,American male ice dancers,Harvard Crimson men's tennis players

paragraph: Nathaniel Niles (figure skater)

paragraph: Nathaniel William "Nat" Niles (July 5, 1886 – July 11, 1932) was an American tennis player and figure skater who competed in single skating, pair skating, and ice dancing between 1914 and 1932.

paragraph: He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and died in Brookline, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Niles won the U.S. Figure Skating Championships in men's single skating 3 times, and 9 national pair skating titles with his partner Theresa Weld Blanchard. Blanchard and Niles also won a further 5 national titles in ice dancing.

paragraph: Nathaniel W. Niles also excelled at tennis, and was inducted into the New England Tennis Hall of Fame in 2000. While a student at Harvard, he was an NCAA champion for the sport. He competed in 23 successive U.S. National Championships. Together with Edith Rotch he won the 1908 Mixed Doubles title and in 1917 he reached the singles final but was defeated by Robert Lindley Murray in four sets. He also reached the semifinals in 1913 and the quarterfinals in 1904, 1911 and 1918.

paragraph: Niles died in 1932, at the age of 46. His last figure skating competition, with Blanchard, had been the pairs event at the 1932 World Figure Skating Championships earlier that same year.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tennis Archives

description: American figure skater and tennis player

wikidata_label: Nathaniel Niles

wikipedia_title: Nathaniel Niles (figure skater)


text: French

categories: 1721 births,People from Paris,1801 deaths,French naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,French Navy admirals

paragraph: Louis-Armand de La Poype de Vertrieu

paragraph: Louis-Armand de La Poype de Vertrieu (Paris, 2 February 1721 – London, 12 May 1801) was a French Navy officer and statesman.

alias:
Louis-Armand La Poype de Vertrieu
Louis-Armand de La Poype de Vertrieux

description: French admiral

wikidata_label: Louis-Armand de La Poype de Vertrieu

wikipedia_title: Louis-Armand de La Poype de Vertrieu


text:
Lower Canada
Nicolet
War of 1812
Ninety-Two Resolutions
Nicolet
War of 1812
Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
Louis Proulx
Parti patriote
Lower Canada Rebellion
George Ramsay
Kenelm Conor Chandler
Ninety-Two Resolutions
seigneury

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Proulx (politician)

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Proulx (July 13, 1793 – July 17, 1856) was a farmer and political figure in Lower Canada from Nicolet. A veteran of the War of 1812, he served in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1820 to 1830, and then as representative from Nicolet. He supported the Ninety-Two Resolutions and tried to organize revolt, suffering arrest in 1838. He was later released and returned to raising cattle, purchasing considerable land in Nicolet.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Nicolet in 1793, the son of a farmer, and studied at the Séminaire de Nicolet. He returned to the family farm after completing his studies. Proulx served in the local militia during the War of 1812 and later became lieutenant in the militia.

paragraph: Proulx entered political life, being elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Buckingham in 1820 and serving until 1830, when the riding was divided. (His uncle Louis Proulx had earlier represented Buckingham in the assembly.) Jean-Baptiste Proulx was elected from Nicolet as a supporter of the Parti patriote. Proulx represented Nicolet until the suspension of the constitution following the Lower Canada Rebellion.

paragraph: In 1827, Proulx had been dismissed from his post in the militia because he had expressed disagreement with the policies of Governor George Ramsay and criticized the commander of the local militia, Lieutenant-Colonel Kenelm Conor Chandler. In the 1830s Proulx supported the Ninety-Two Resolutions and attempted to organize armed revolt in his county, but with little success. He was arrested in 1838 but later released.

paragraph: He returned to raising cattle. Proulx had married Flore Lemire in 1830 and they had several children together. He purchased a large part of the seigneury of Nicolet.

paragraph: Proux died at Nicolet in 1856.

description: Canadian politician

wikidata_label: Jean-Baptiste Proulx

wikipedia_title: Jean-Baptiste Proulx (politician)


text:
Bishop of Pretoria
Anglican Church of Southern Africa
St. Mary's Church, Nottingham
Bishop of Southwell
Bishop of Croydon
Keble College, Oxford
Henfield
Edward Stuart Talbot
Shrewsbury
Keble College, Oxford
Leeds
Bishop of Rochester
Lord Lyttelton
Edward
Community of the Resurrection
Ypres
Lionel Ford
Leeds
Haileybury
Boer War
veld
Christ Church, Oxford
first-class
cricket
Oxford University
Cuddesdon
Ripon Cathedral
St. Bartholomew's Church, Armley
Lent
Balliol College, Oxford
World War I
Fifth Army
Chichester
Bishop of Pretoria
St John the Baptist
Bishop of Winchester
Archbishop of Cape Town
Michael Furse
Bishop of Newcastle, New South Wales
St. Mary's Church, Nottingham
John Francis McNulty
Roman Catholic
Bishop of Nottingham
Nottinghamshire Christian Council
Nottingham
Bishop of Croydon
Royal Air Force
Donington
C. S. Lewis
Magdalen College, Oxford
All Hallows Barking
Toc H
Bibliographic directory
Project Canterbury

categories: 20th-century English Anglican priests,World War I chaplains,20th-century Anglican bishops,People from Oxford,1943 deaths,Bishops of Pretoria,Oxford University cricketers,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Lyttelton family,1879 births,Vicars of St Mary's Church, Nottingham

paragraph: Neville Talbot

paragraph: Neville Stuart Talbot (1879–1943) was Bishop of Pretoria in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa and later a robust vicar of St. Mary's Church, Nottingham and assistant Bishop of Southwell who turned down the chance to be Bishop of Croydon. He was born at Keble College, Oxford, and died at Henfield, Sussex.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was the third child and second son of his parents. His father, Edward Stuart Talbot, a younger son of a younger son of the house of Shrewsbury was the first Warden of Keble College, Oxford, and later Vicar of Leeds, and thereafter successively Bishop of Rochester, Southwark and Winchester. His mother was the third daughter of Lord Lyttelton and a member therefore of the large family which laid its characteristic mark on various departments of English life.

paragraph: Neville had two brothers, the elder of whom, Edward, was to join the Community of the Resurrection, and the younger, Gilbert, was to be killed in action in the Ypres Salient in 1915. Of his sisters, May married Lionel Ford, the Headmaster of Repton and Harrow and later Dean of York, while Lavinia was after his wife's death to keep house for him and bring up his children.

paragraph: Section::::Schooling.

paragraph: When Neville was nine his father moved to Leeds. Neville attended the Grammar School, and then was at Haileybury from 1892 to 1899.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: He joined the Army in 1898, just in time for the Boer War. Military life had an attraction for certain sides of Neville's character. It appealed to a certain simplicity in him and the need for courage. Neville was inclined to go straight at things, without weighing the risk. He blurted out untimely truths. The discipline of the Army did not affect him much. The Boer War was not a very good school for that. Much of it was like a shooting party, and the hazardous self-exposure in the clear air of the veldt remained his first taste of danger.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Neville went up to Christ Church, Oxford, in October 1903. While at Oxford, he played one first-class cricket match for Oxford University as a lower-order batsman and opening bowler. In the winter of 1907 he went to Cuddesdon for his ordination training.

paragraph: Section::::Clerical career.

paragraph: Talbot was made deacon at Ripon Cathedral on 14 June 1908. He was an assistant curate at St. Bartholomew's Church, Armley, from 1908 to 1909. He was ordained priest in Lent 1909 and went to be Chaplain of Balliol College, Oxford, in October. During the World War I he served as a military chaplain (4th Class), he was later Assistant Chaplain-General to the Fifth Army.

paragraph: In April 1918 he was married to Cecil Mary Eastwood by his father at West Stoke Church, near Chichester.

paragraph: Section::::Clerical career.:Pretoria.

paragraph: On 12 April 1920 he was elected Bishop of Pretoria, in succession to Bishop Furse, and was consecrated in St. Paul's Cathedral on St John the Baptist's Day. Among the bishops who took part in the consecration were his own father, then Bishop of Winchester, the Archbishop of Cape Town, and his predecessor in the Diocese of Pretoria, Bishop Michael Furse.

paragraph: In 1930 he refused the appointment as Bishop of Newcastle, New South Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Clerical career.:Nottingham.

paragraph: He was appointed to St. Mary's Church, Nottingham, in 1933. Neville used to refer to St. Mary's as "St. Pelican in the Wilderness". This is explained by the comment of a priest in the diocese:

paragraph: The parish was largely non-residential, and the church was surrounded by factories and offices which Neville used to visit carrying handbills announcing the special dinner-hour service.

paragraph: Neville was in excellent relations with the non-Anglican religious bodies in Nottingham. In co-operation with John Francis McNulty, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Nottingham, and Mr James, the Free Church leader, he helped to create the Nottinghamshire Christian Council, which owed much to the combination in Neville of an outspoken loyalty to his convictions with a warm spirit of fraternity.

paragraph: In May 1941, Neville wrote from Nottingham :

paragraph: Neville was often restless within the conditions of his restriction in his parish at Nottingham – restrictions greatly increased by the war. He likened himself to "an old hulk stranded on a lee-shore". His fearless honesty made him accuse himself of ambition, but, if it was there, it did not lurk in any secret corner. In March 1939 he was offered the position of Bishop of Croydon. He would have been Suffragan and Archdeacon as well as Vicar. His first feeling was that he must accept. He felt that nine years in Nottingham were enough, and that "the call came from the Church and not from Downing Street." However, after inspecting conditions on the spot, he decided against.

paragraph: With the coming of the war, there seemed to open out at last the chance for work that suited his gifts. It arose out of his interest in the Royal Air Force . In January 1941, he took a four days' mission for them at Cranwell, and in 1942 he took a mission in the Royal Air Force depot at Donington. Such experiences convinced him that far more was needed on the spiritual side in the Chaplains' department, and he began a long and unwearied bombardment of the authorities (military and ecclesiastical). He visited C. S. Lewis at Magdalen College, Oxford, staying overnight on 5 November 1941 for conversation between two men who were both involved in the RAF, Lewis as a lecturer. In November 1942, the two archbishops wrote to inform him that he had been appointed as one of the seven men that were to give the greater part of the time to visiting Air Force centres. On 9 December he wrote that he was to start on 12 January 1943. However, just when the direction of his life was moving in a direction that would more suitable employ his talents, came the tragic collapse. On 12 December 1942 he had a severe heart-attack, from which he never recovered.

paragraph: He retired to Sussex for convalescence where he died. He was buried at All Hallows Barking, the religious headquarters of Toc H.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury

description: English bishop

wikidata_label: Neville Talbot

wikipedia_title: Neville Talbot


text: Nijmegen

text: Gelderland

text: Dutch

text: guitarist

text: The Gathering

text: Hans

text: studio album

text: live album

text: EPs

text: Afterwords

text: Always...

text: Almost a Dance

text: Mandylion

text: Adrenaline / Leaves

text: Nighttime Birds

text: How to Measure a Planet?

text: if then else

text: Superheat (album)

text: Amity

text: Black Light District

text: In Motion

text: Souvenirs

text: Accessories - Rarities and B-Sides

text: A Sound Relief

text: Home

text: A Noise Severe

text: The West Pole

text: Disclosure

text: Afterwords

text: René Rutten

text: The Gathering

categories: 1972 births,Living people,Dutch male guitarists,Dutch heavy metal guitarists,Dutch guitarists,People from Nijmegen,21st-century guitarists,21st-century male musicians

paragraph: René Rutten

paragraph: René Rutten (born 2 July 1972 in Nijmegen, Gelderland) is a Dutch guitarist for The Gathering. He founded the band with his brother Hans in 1989, and together they released eleven studio albums, four live albums, and four EPs. His latest work with The Gathering was "Afterwords", released in 2013. In 2015 Rutten formed a new band, "Habitants", who released their debut album in 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: With The Gathering:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Always..." (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Almost a Dance" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mandylion" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adrenaline / Leaves" - EP (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nighttime Birds" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to Measure a Planet?" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "if then else" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Superheat (album)" - Live (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amity" - EP (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Light District" - EP (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Motion" - DVD (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Souvenirs" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sleepy Buildings - A Semi Acoustic Evening" - Live (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Accessories - Rarities and B-Sides" - Compilation (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Sound Relief" - DVD (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Home" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Noise Severe" - DVD (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The West Pole" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Disclosure" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Afterwords" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- René Rutten at The Gathering's official website

description: Dutch musician

wikidata_label: René Rutten

wikipedia_title: René Rutten


text: Garman sisters

text: mistress

text: Jacob Epstein

text: Kitty Garman

text: Lucian Freud

text: Theodore Garman

text: Wednesbury

text: general practitioner

text: Mary

text: Lorna

text: Oakeswell Hall

text: Birmingham and Midland Institute

text: Harrods

text: Camden

text: West End

text: Roy Campbell

text: Bloomsbury Group

text: Gordon Anthony

text: Israel Museum

text: Garman Ryan Collection

text: Sally Ryan

text: Theodore Garman

text: schizophrenia

text: Kitty Garman

text: Lucian Freud

text: Lorna

text: Dolores (model)

text: Garman sisters

text: List of Bloomsbury Group people

categories: 1901 births,English socialites,1979 deaths,People from Walsall,People from Wednesbury,British female models,Jacob Epstein,British artists' models

paragraph: Kathleen Garman

paragraph: Kathleen Esther Garman, Lady Epstein (15 May 1901 – August 1979) was the third of the seven Garman sisters, who were high-profile members of artistic circles in mid-20th century London, renowned for their beauty and scandalous behaviour. She was the model and longtime mistress of British/American sculptor Jacob Epstein, and eventually his second wife. They met in 1921 and immediately began a relationship that lasted until Epstein's death and produced three of Epstein's five children. Their daughter, Kitty Garman, was the first wife of Lucian Freud; their son was the artist Theodore Garman.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Kathleen Garman was born on 15 May 1901 in Wednesbury, Staffordshire, the daughter of Dr Walter Chancellor Garman (1860–1923), a general practitioner, and his wife, Margaret Frances Magill. She was one of nine children, seven sisters and two brothers: Mary (1898), Sylvia (1899), Kathleen (1901), Douglas (1903), Rosalind (1904), Helen (1906), Mavin (1907), Ruth (1909) and Lorna (1911). The family lived at Oakeswell Hall, Wednesbury.

paragraph: Kathleen took music lessons at the Birmingham and Midland Institute, and art classes in Birmingham with her sister Mary. In 1919 the sisters decided to run away to London. Kathleen was employed by Harrods, helping with the horses that pulled the delivery carriages, and also worked as an artist's model. Mary drove a delivery van. Shocked by their behaviour, their father eventually decided to support them. They rented a studio apartment at 13 Regent Square, Camden, and enrolled in a private art school. At night they frequented West End clubs such as The Gargoyle, The Harlequin, and The Cave of the Golden Calf. It was at the Harlequin that Kathleen met the 40-year-old Epstein, who invited her to his table and asked her to pose for him. Mary ended up marrying the South African poet Roy Campbell. Kathleen, Mary, and Lorna were all to become bohemian members of what became known as the Bloomsbury Group. In 1936 Kathleen was photographed by Gordon Anthony.

paragraph: Section::::Relationship with Jacob Epstein.

paragraph: In 1921, Kathleen began a relationship with the married sculptor Jacob Epstein, becoming his model and his mistress. Her father, who strongly disapproved of the affair, cut her out of his will when he died in 1923. In 1923, Epstein's jealous wife Margaret invited Kathleen to her house and shot her in the shoulder with a pearl-handled pistol. Epstein paid Kathleen's hospital bills and persuaded her not to press charges against Margaret, lest it erupt into a public scandal. After this incident, Margaret encouraged Jacob into multiple affairs in the hope he would tire of Kathleen. While Epstein and his wife were childless, Margaret raised as their own his children from other liaisons, his daughter Peggy Jean (b. 1918) (with Dorothy (Meum) Lindsell-Stewart [1895–1957]), and his son Jackie (b. 1934) (with Isabel Nicholas [1912–1992]).

paragraph: Kathleen and Epstein continued to see each other, having three children together in 1924, 1926, and 1929. They married in June 1955, in a private ceremony at Fulham Register Office, London, eight years after Margaret's death. Upon their marriage, Kathleen became Lady Epstein and his sole beneficiary. After his death in 1959, she donated his works of art to the Israel Museum. Other art pieces by Epstein were incorporated into the Garman Ryan Collection, together with the works of Sally Ryan, an American sculptor who left her artworks and $50,000 in cash to Kathleen in 1968. She died in August 1979.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: Kathleen's three children with Jacob Epstein were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore Garman (1924–1954) was a successful artist, but suffered from mental instability, diagnosed as schizophrenia. It was said on his death, shortly before his 30th birthday, that he had "destroyed most of his canvasses in fits of depression".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kitty Garman (1926–2011) was the first wife of the artist Lucian Freud. She became his muse after being introduced to him by her aunt Lorna. They married in 1948 and had two daughters.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Esther Grace Garman (1929–1954) was very close to her older brother and committed suicide six months after his death.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dolores (model)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garman sisters

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Bloomsbury Group people

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rare and the Beautiful: The Lives of the Garmans" (2004) by Cressida Connolly, Fourth Estate. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Art Gallery, Walsall: Garman Ryan Collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family Profile, book review and photographic images of Mary, Lorna, and Kathleen

description: British model

wikidata_label: Kathleen Garman

wikipedia_title: Kathleen Garman


text: electronic musician

text: South London

text: Hyperdub

text: self-titled debut album

text: rave music

text: pirate radio

text: The Wire

text: Untrue

text: The Independent

text: Four Tet

text: Massive Attack

text: Thom Yorke

text: Zomby

text: Kindred

text: Rival Dealer

text: AllMusic

text: jungle

text: garage

text: rave

text: The Wire

text: Terminator

text: Alien

text: Steve Goodman (Kode9)

text: self-titled 2006 debut album

text: The Independent

text: South London

text: Elliott School

text: Kieran Hebden (Four Tet)

text: Mercury Music Prize

text: tabloid newspaper

text: Richard D. James

text: Norman Cook

text: MySpace

text: Untrue

text: Moth / Wolf Cub

text: Street Halo

text: Massive Attack

text: Kindred

text: Truant / Rough Sleeper

text: Rival Dealer

text: The Skinny (magazine)

text: Daddy G

text: Heligoland

text: Robert Del Naja

text: Fabriclive

text: AllMusic

text: breakbeat

text: pitch-shift

text: SoundForge

text: digital audio editor

text: tracker

text: sequencer

text: Mark Fisher

text: drum 'n' bass

text: Burial

text: Untrue

text: Ghost Hardware

text: Street Halo

text: Kindred

text: Truant / Rough Sleeper

text: Rival Dealer

text: Young Death / Nightmarket

text: Subtemple / Beachfires

text: Claustro / State Forest

text: List of ambient music artists

text: Hyperdub Records

text: Burial

categories: Future garage musicians,Downtempo musicians,Musicians from London,English electronic musicians,Dubstep musicians,UK garage musicians,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Burial (musician)

paragraph: William Emmanuel Bevan, known by his recording alias Burial, is a British electronic musician from South London. Initially remaining anonymous, Burial became the first artist signed to Kode9's electronic label Hyperdub in 2005. He released his self-titled debut album, which drew inspiration from UK rave music and pirate radio culture, to acclaim in 2006; it was named the album of the year by "The Wire". Burial's second album, "Untrue", was released to further critical acclaim in 2007.

paragraph: In 2008, Bevan's identity was revealed by "The Independent" and confirmed by Hyperdub. He has gone on to collaborate with Four Tet, Massive Attack, Thom Yorke and Zomby in addition to releasing a series of acclaimed long-form EPs, including the critically acclaimed "Kindred" (2012), as well as "Rival Dealer" (2013). He has remained reclusive, giving few interviews and avoiding public appearances. AllMusic described him as "one of the most acclaimed, influential, and enigmatic electronic musicians of the early 21st century."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early career: self-titled debut and "Untrue".

paragraph: Bevan grew up a fan of jungle and garage, having been introduced to the UK rave scene by his older brothers. In an interview with "The Wire", he explained:

paragraph: I was brought up on old jungle tunes and garage tunes that had lots of vocals in but me and my brothers loved intense, darker tunes too, I found something I could believe in... but sometimes I used to listen to the ones with vocals on my own and it was almost a secret thing [...] My brother might bring back these records that seemed really adult to me and I couldn’t believe I had ‘em. It was like when you first saw "Terminator" or "Alien" when you're only little. I'd get a rush from it, I was hearing this other world...

paragraph: Bevan began sending Steve Goodman (Kode9) letters and CD-Rs of his home-made music around 2002, having been a fan of the music featured on Goodman's Hyperdub website. In 2005, the label released the "South London Boroughs" EP, which collected tracks recorded by Burial for several years prior. Burial's self-titled 2006 debut album was the first full-length release on Hyperdub.

paragraph: Despite early acclaim, Burial initially remained anonymous, and said in an early interview that "only five people know I make tunes". In February 2008, "The Independent" speculated that Burial was Bevan, an alumnus of South London's Elliott School. The school's alumni also include Kieran Hebden (Four Tet), with whom Bevan has collaborated. On 22 July 2008, it was announced Burial was a nominee for the 2008 Mercury Music Prize for his second album, "Untrue". There was much Mercury Prize-related coverage in tabloid newspapers in the UK, including speculation that Burial was either Richard D. James (Aphex Twin) or Norman Cook. On 5 August 2008 Bevan confirmed his identity, and posted a picture of himself on his MySpace page. A blog entry stated, "I'm a lowkey person and I just want to make some tunes", as well as announcing a forthcoming four-track 12″, and thanking his fans for their support up to this point.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-"Untrue" work.

paragraph: Rather than releasing a third album, Burial has spent the years since "Untrue" releasing increasingly lengthy and more experimental individual tracks. This began with "Moth / Wolf Cub", a collaboration with Four Tet, and Burial's own track "Fostercare" and EP "Street Halo". He developed this practice, experimenting with multi-part suites rather than conventional songs on a Massive Attack collaboration and subsequent solo EPs "Kindred" (2012), "Truant / Rough Sleeper" (2012) and "Rival Dealer" (2013). Each of these EPs was met with critical acclaim, with "Kindred" being singled out in particular as a landmark release.Burial – Truant / Rough Sleeper: Single Review The Skinny (magazine). Retrieved 13 December 2013/ref

paragraph: On 10 February 2010 Massive Attack's Daddy G said they were planning a remix album with Burial regarding their latest release "Heligoland".

paragraph: On 10 October 2011 Massive Attack announced the release of a 12-inch single in collaboration with Burial with the two tracks "Four Walls" and "Paradise Circus". Massive Attack posted the track "Four Walls" on their website. The record, with sleeve designed by Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja, was limited to 1000 copies.

paragraph: In 2015 Burial released the "Temple Sleeper" single on Keysound Recordings. An EP titled "Young Death/ Nightmarket" came out in November 2016, followed by "Subtemple / Beachfires" in May 2017.

paragraph: In 2018, it was announced that Kode9 and Burial would compile Fabriclive 100, the final instalment of the long-running Fabriclive mix CD series.

paragraph: Section::::Style and composition.

paragraph: AllMusic described Burial's recordings as blending "fractured breakbeats with mysterious, pitch-shifted voices and loads of vinyl crackle, rainfall, and submerged video game sound effects, creating gloomy, dystopian soundscapes." Bevan claims to compose his music in SoundForge, a digital audio editor, and to eschew the use of trackers and sequencers. As he describes the process in an interview, "Once I change something, I can never un-change it. I can only see the waves. So I know when I’m happy with my drums because they look like a nice fishbone. When they look just skeletal as fuck in front of me, and so I know they’ll sound good." He also said that he didn't use a sequencer, because if his drums were timed too perfectly, they would "lose something" and "sound rubbish". Discussing his rhythmic affinities in an interview with writer Mark Fisher, Burial stated that: Something happens when I hear the subs, the rolling drums and vocals together. To me it’s like a pure UK style of music, and I wanted to make tunes based on what UK underground hardcore tunes mean to me, and I want a dose of real life in there too, something people can relate to.

paragraph: Of his production techniques, journalist Derek Walmsley wrote in "The Wire":

paragraph: Burial decided at the outset to avoid at all costs the rigid, mechanistic path that eventually brought drum 'n' bass to a standstill. To this end, his percussion patterns are intuitively arranged on the screen rather than rigidly quantized, creating minute hesitations and slippages in the rhythm. His snares and hi-hats are covered in fuzz and phaser, like cobwebs on forgotten instruments, and the mix is rough and ready rather than endlessly polished. Perhaps most importantly, his basslines sound like nothing else on Earth. Distorted and heavy, yet also warm and earthy, they resemble the balmy gust of air that precedes an underground train.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burial" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Untrue" (2007)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Extended plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "South London Boroughs" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Distant Lights" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ghost Hardware" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Street Halo" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kindred" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Truant / Rough Sleeper" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rival Dealer" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Young Death / Nightmarket" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Subtemple / Beachfires" (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rodent" (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pre Dawn / Indoors" (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Claustro / State Forest" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of ambient music artists

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- – official page at Hyperdub Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burial interview from BlackDownSoundBoy blog, 2006

description: British electronic musician

wikidata_label: Burial

wikipedia_title: Burial (musician)


text:
Kristiansand
National Theatre
Stavanger Teater
Mary Stuart
Centralteatret
Cafe X
Axel Kielland
Trøndelag Teater
Carl Johan Teatret
German occupation authorities
Det Nye Teater
Folketeatret

categories: 1899 births,People from Kristiansand,1985 deaths,Norwegian film actresses,Norwegian stage actresses

paragraph: Ellen Isefiær

paragraph: Ellen Isefiær (7 December 1899 – 28 September 1985) was a Norwegian actress and stage director. She staged more than 200 productions during her career.

paragraph: Isefiær was born in Kristiansand to Thomas Engelhardt Isefiær and Katharine Margrethe Johnsen. From 1918 to 1920 she was a student at the National Theatre. She was engaged with Stavanger Teater from 1921, and had her breakthrough as "Elizabeth" in the play "Mary Stuart" at this theatre. From 1924 to 1931 she was assigned with Centralteatret. She made her film debut in the 1928 film "Cafe X", and occasionally appeared in films until 1956. Her first task as stage director was Axel Kielland's comedy "Mannen alle ville myrde", staged at Trøndelag Teater, and she was assigned with Trøndelag Teater from 1939 to 1940. She chaired Carl Johan Teatret from 1940 until the theatre was closed by the German occupation authorities in 1943, and was then assigned with Det Nye Teater until 1945. After the Second World War she mostly worked freelance, except for engagements as stage instructor for Folketeatret from 1956 to 1959, and as artistic director for Trøndelag Teater from 1961 to 1962. She staged a total of more than 200 performances during her career, and was honorary member of "Norsk Sceneinstruktørforening".

description: Norwegian actress

wikidata_label: Ellen Isefiær

wikipedia_title: Ellen Isefiær


text:
rock
Melvins
Men of Porn
Shrinebuilder
Crystal Fairy
Nirvana
Altamont
Fantômas
Dave Lombardo
Off!
Redd Kross
Melvins
Iron Maiden
Mike Dillard
Fecal Matter
Kurt Cobain
Illiteracy Will Prevail
Seattle
Nirvana
Bleach
Incesticide
With the Lights Out
Tacoma
Moby Dick
With the Lights Out
Buzz Osborne
Sonic Youth
Drain You
Dave Grohl
With the Lights Out
Mike Patton
Peeping Tom
Altamont
Joey Osbourne
Dan Southwick
Acid King
Lori S.
Nirvana
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Dave Grohl
Neil Young
Harvest Moon

categories: 1967 births,People from Aberdeen, Washington,American punk rock guitarists,American punk rock drummers,Musicians from Washington (state),Joyful Noise Recordings artists,Raging Slab members,Crystal Fairy (band) members,Fantômas (band) members,Grunge musicians,American heavy metal musicians,Living people,American male guitarists,20th-century American guitarists,Melvins members,20th-century American drummers,Nirvana (band) members,American male drummers,Guitarists from Washington (state)

paragraph: Dale Crover

paragraph: Dale Crover (born October 23, 1967) is an American rock musician. Crover is best known as the drummer for the Melvins. He's also been the drummer for Men of Porn, Shrinebuilder, Crystal Fairy, and, for a brief time, Nirvana. He is also guitarist and vocalist for Altamont. He has also toured with Fantômas (filling in for Dave Lombardo), Off!, and Redd Kross.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Melvins recruited Crover on drums in 1984 from an Iron Maiden cover band, following original drummer Mike Dillard's departure. In late 1985 Crover played bass in Fecal Matter, a band he formed with Kurt Cobain and Greg Hokanson. After Hokanson left the band, Cobain and Crover recorded "Illiteracy Will Prevail" on a 4-track in December 1985 at Cobain's aunt's home in Seattle, Washington. Crover played bass and drums on the demo. "Spank Thru" from this demo appears on the Nirvana album "". Fecal Matter disbanded in 1986.

paragraph: Crover drummed on Nirvana's ten-song demo recorded January 23, 1988 at Reciprocal Recording Studios in Seattle. Nine of these songs have been officially released:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Floyd the Barber", "Paper Cuts", and "Downer" – "Bleach"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Downer", "Aero Zeppelin", "Beeswax", "Hairspray Queen", and "Mexican Seafood" – "Incesticide"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "If You Must" and "Pen Cap Chew" – "With the Lights Out"

paragraph: Nirvana and Crover played a 14-song show in Tacoma, Washington, the night of the demo session. Three cuts from the show – "Downer", "Floyd the Barber" and "Raunchola/Moby Dick" – appear on "With the Lights Out". Later in 1988, Crover and Melvins' bandmate Buzz Osborne relocated to San Francisco, California.

paragraph: Crover rejoined Nirvana during a short west-coast tour with Sonic Youth in August, 1990. In April the following year, Crover drummed on a demo version of "Drain You" with Cobain on guitar and vocals and Dave Grohl on bass. The track appears on "With the Lights Out".

paragraph: Dale Crover is also credited as the drummer on most of the tracks on Mike Patton's Peeping Tom project from 2006.

paragraph: In 1994, Crover founded the band Altamont with Joey Osbourne and Dan Southwick of Acid King. He produced and performed additional vocals on Acid King's début release that year. During this time he was also married to Acid King's frontwoman Lori S., but they divorced. Nirvana was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April, 2014. Although not officially inducted with the band, he was singled out for his work with them during Crover's successor Dave Grohl's acceptance speech.

paragraph: Crover joined L.A. veterans Redd Kross for their 2017 American tour.

paragraph: He lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Maureen, their daughter, Scarlett, and their son, Cassius.

paragraph: Section::::Appearances.

paragraph: Dale Crover has made an appearance in Neil Young's video "Harvest Moon".

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Dale Crover

wikipedia_title: Dale Crover