text: Serbia

text: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

text: Sombor

text: Czech

text: Ian Zrzavi

text: Leonardo da Vinci

text: Vienna

text: Munich

text: Dresden

text: Dalmatia

text: Mlini

text: Cavtat

text: Dubrovnik

text: Vojvodina

text: Byzantine

text: tempera

text: tapestries

text: mosaics

text: Vojvodina Academy of Sciences and Arts

text: Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts

text: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

text: socialist realism

text: "Marxist"

text: Pavle Beljanski

text: List of painters from Serbia

text: Serbian art

text: Multilingual Archive: Milan Konjovic

categories: 1898 births,People from Sombor,Serbian painters,1993 deaths

paragraph: Milan Konjović

paragraph: Milan Konjović (28 January 1898 – 20 October 1993) (Милан Коњовић) was a prominent Serbian painter whose works can be divided into six periods of artistic style. He studied in many countries abroad and lived in Paris from 1924 to 1932. His long life's work earned him many recognitions as well as a place in the "Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts" (Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Milan Konjovic finished elementary and secondary school in Sombor between 1904 and 1916. In 1914 he had his first exhibition featuring some fifty works painted in nature. In 1919 he was admitted to the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague, in the class of Vlaho Bukovac. Having left the Academy after the second semester, he continued his education on his own, in Prague where an avant-garde Czech painter Ian Zrzavi introduced him to the art of Leonardo da Vinci. He later brought his studies to Vienna and travelled to German museums in Munich, Berlin, and Dresden.

paragraph: He arrived in Paris in May 1924 and stayed there until 1932. Afterwards he returned to his native Sombor.

paragraph: His most significant and successful one-man exhibitions includes 1931's "Galerie Bing et Cie", 1932 "Galerie van Leer", and 1937 "Galerie Mouradian-Vallotton." He participated in several Paris Salon exhibitions, marked the beginning of his artistic "blue phase", which lasted from 1929 to 1933. In the later years, he devoted himself to painting his hometown Sombor, its landscape, people and milieu. In summertime he painted in the cities of Dalmatia, including Mlini, Cavtat, and Dubrovnik.

paragraph: Konjovic's "red phase" lasted from 1934 till 1940. In 1941 Konjovic was in Osnabric as a prisoner of war. After his release, Konjovic began painting pastels most notably in the years 1943, 1944, and 1949. He then began producing oil works painted in so-called 'subdued colors' from 1945 to 1952, marking the "gray phase" of his work. 1953 is considered to be the turning point in Konjovic's painting style. He works began to be defined by more pure intensive colors and glow, leading to the period dubbed the "coloristic phase." New artistic orientation culminated and was to characterize the works of the "associative phase" (1960–1984). At that time Milan Konjovic engaged himself in the work of the artists' colonies of Vojvodina. In 1985 began the "Byzantine phase" with works treating various themes from Byzantine history.

paragraph: By the end of 1990 Konjovic had produced about thirty new works, completing the impressive opus of about 6000 oil paintings, pastels, water colors, temperas, drawings, tapestries, stage sets, costume sketches, stained glass windows, mosaics, and graphics. In his life, Konjovic had 297 one-man and 700 group exhibitions in the country and abroad, in such notable locations as Prague, New York, London, Amsterdam, São Paulo, Rome, Modena, Athens, Paris, and Moscow.

paragraph: His legacy is best represented in his hometown of Sombor where the "Milan Konjovic " Gallery, opened on 10 September 1966, holds about 1060 selected works. In 1979 he was elected a member of Vojvodina Academy of Sciences and Arts. In 1986 he became a corresponding member of Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, and in 1992 a member of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

paragraph: In June 2008, an exhibition of the works by Milan Konjovic was opened in the Milan Konjovic Gallery in Sombor to commemorate 110 years from the birth of the artist. Entitled "Milan Konjovic: In Defence of the Autonomy of Paintings" (Milan Konjović: Odbrana autonomije slike), the exhibition documented Konjovic's output in the period of socialist realism, from 1946 until 1951, when "Marxist" art critics vilified and criticised the artist for (among other things) "painting for himself, instead of for the community".

paragraph: In November–December 2011, several works by Milan Konjovic were included in the exhibition of paintings from the Memorial Collection of Pavle Beljanski in the Central Military Club in Belgrade.

paragraph: Dr Drasko Redjep notes that Konjovic became aware of his own artistic worth very early and always maintained high prices of his paintings, but he also donated them with joyful generosity.

paragraph: Section::::Periods.

paragraph: The works of Milan Konjovic are usually divided into several phases:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Early Phase (1913–1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blue Phase (1929–1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Red Phase (1934–1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gray Phase (1945–1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coloristic Phase (1953–1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Associative Phase (1960–1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Byzantine Phase (1985–1990)

paragraph: Section::::Short note on style.

paragraph: Milan Konjovic is described as Serbian greatest colourist. Dr Drasko Redjep calls him the painter of the wheat fields, vast plains, Sombor's urban views, and Mediterranean holiday scenery, whose works constitute an important reference point.

paragraph: He is considered to be one of the most significant exponents of Expressionism of colour in Serbian art between two wars.

paragraph: Konjovic's mature style of painting is characterised by thick layers of paint. He resorted to pastels in the years after World War II, when there was a shortage of oil paints. Later on, he returned to oils, layering them on the surface in thicker layers than ever; this presents quite a challenge when cleaning some of the paintings. The Byzantine phase of his last years is characterised by thinner layers of paint, with patches of unpainted surface.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: He is related to , Miss France 1978.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Lazar Trifunovic "Reality and myth in the painting of Milan Konjovic" Second edition, Sombor, 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Miroslav Josic "The century of Milan Konjovic" (1890–1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Milan Konjovic 1898–1993 (Konjovic izbliza) By Irma Lang, publisher: Galerija "Milan Konjovic", 2011,

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Veliki potpis (The Great Signature) Milan Konjović by Drasko Ređjep, publisher Novi Sad Prometej, 1994,

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of painters from Serbia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serbian art

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the Milan Konjović Gallery web site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Envelope with signature of Milan Konjovic; the stamp depicts one of his paintings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Multilingual Archive: Milan Konjovic

description: Serbian artist

wikidata_label: Milan Konjović

wikipedia_title: Milan Konjović


text:
Lyon
James I, Count of La Marche
Battle of Brignais
John

categories: 14th-century peers of France,1342 births,House of Bourbon-La Marche,Counts of La Marche,Military personnel killed in action,1362 deaths

paragraph: Peter II, Count of La Marche

paragraph: Peter of Bourbon-La Marche (1342–1362, Lyon) was the eldest son of James I, Count of La Marche and Jeanne of Châtillon.

paragraph: He was knighted by his father shortly before the Battle of Brignais, in which both father and son fought. Both were mortally wounded during the battle, but were carried away by their soldiers to Lyon. He survived his father only a short while, and was succeeded by his brother John.

description: French count

wikidata_label: Peter II, Count of La Marche

wikipedia_title: Peter II, Count of La Marche


text: Chaldea

text: Babylonia

text: Assyria

text: Sargon of Assyria

text: Elam

text: Aram

text: Israel

text: Sargon

text: Elam

text: Babylonia

text: Kish

text: King Hezekiah

text: 2 Kings

text: Isaiah

text: Kings of Babylon

categories: Babylonian kings,Chaldean kings,Year of birth unknown,702 BC deaths,8th-century BC Babylonian kings

paragraph: Marduk-apla-iddina II

paragraph: Marduk-apla-iddina II (cuneiform spelling ᴰMES.A.SUM-na; in the Bible Merodach-Baladan, also called Marduk-Baladan, Baladan and Berodach-Baladan, lit. "Marduk has given me an heir") was a Chaldean leader from the Bit-Yakin tribe who seized the Babylonian throne in 722 BC from Assyrian control and reigned in 722 BC--710 BC, and 703 BC--702 BC.

paragraph: Marduk-apla-iddina II was known as one of the kings who maintained Babylonian independence in the face of Assyrian military supremacy for more than a decade.

paragraph: Sargon of Assyria repressed the allies of Marduk-apla-iddina II in Elam, Aram and Israel and eventually drove (ca. 710 BC) him from Babylon. After the death of Sargon, Marduk-apla-iddina II briefly recaptured the throne from a native Babylonian nobleman. He reigned nine months (703 BC – 702 BC). He returned from Elam and ignited rebellion in Babylonia. He was able to enter Babylon and be declared king again. Nine months later he was defeated near Kish by the Assyrians, but managed to flee to Elam. He died in exile a couple of years later.

paragraph: Section::::In the Bible.

paragraph: Merodach-baladan is mentioned as king of Babylon in the days of King Hezekiah, both in 2 Kings 20:12 (here called Berodach-baladan) and in . In both passages he sends Hezekiah a letter, having heard of his illness and recovery. His messengers who have delivered the letter are lavishly entertained by Hezekiah, leading the prophet Isaiah to criticise Hezekiah for his excessive openness about the wealth he had amassed.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kings of Babylon

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erich Ebeling (ed.), Bruno Meissner (ed.), Ernst Weidner (ed.), Dietz Otto Edzard (ed.): "Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie - Band 7 ". Walter de Gruyter 1990, , p. 375 ()

alias:
Merodach-Baladan
Marduk-Baladan
Baladan
Berodach-Baladan
Merodach-Baladan II

description: Babylonian king

wikidata_label: Marduk-apla-iddina II

wikipedia_title: Marduk-apla-iddina II


text:
Count of Toulouse
Alphonse I of Toulouse
Caesarea
Toulouse
Toulouse
capitouls
Bishop of Albi
Constance
Henry of Lausanne
Peter of Bruys
Cathar
Alfonso II of Aragon
Constance
Louis VI of France
Adelaide of Maurienne
widow
Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne
Raymond VI
Azalais of Toulouse
Roger II Trencavel
Baldwin
Richeza of Poland
Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Provence

categories: Margraves of Provence,1194 deaths,Counts of Toulouse,1134 births,Dukes of Narbonne

paragraph: Raymond V, Count of Toulouse

paragraph: Raymond V (; c. 1134 – c. 1194) was Count of Toulouse from 1148 until his death in 1194.

paragraph: He was the son of Alphonse I of Toulouse and Faydida of Provence. When Alphonse died in Caesarea in 1148, the county of Toulouse passed to his son Raymond, then aged 14. He permitted the first assembly of townsmen in Toulouse, the origin of the later capitouls.

paragraph: In 1165, in the town of Lombers, the Bishop of Albi, attended by both clerics and members of the nobility, including Constance, the wife of Raymond V, interrogated and debated with members of an alleged heretical sect. Calling themselves "Good Men", this group held beliefs similar to those of Henry of Lausanne and Peter of Bruys as well as indicating Cathar influence. While the Good Men declined to respond to a number of questions about their beliefs, they told the bishop that they did not accept the Old Testament, and that their reading of the New Testament persuaded them that they should not take oaths. They further challenged the jurisdiction of the bishop.

paragraph: In 1178 Raymond requested assistance from the Cistercians to combat heresy in his dominions. Wakefield suggests that being under pressure on his western border from King Alfonso II of Aragon, Raymond wished to present himself as a defender of the faith. A joint legatine and royal commission arrived in Toulouse charged with authority to preach, investigate, and condemn. It operated for three months.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1153/6, Raymond married Constance, daughter of King Louis VI of France by his second wife, Adelaide of Maurienne. Constance was the widow of Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne. Because Raymond was related to her within prohibited degrees, they were separated by ecclesiastical authority in 1165. They had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Raymond VI, who succeeded his father as Count of Toulouse

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Aubri, died 1180

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Adelaide or Azalais of Toulouse, who married Roger II Trencavel in 1171 and died in 1199

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Baldwin, born 1165, executed on the orders of Raymond VI in 1214

paragraph: He was engaged with Richeza of Poland, widow of Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Provence.

paragraph: Raymond also had an illegitimate daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Indie (July 1192-27 September 1249), who married firstly Guilabert de Lautrec (d.1215), and secondly Bernard de L'Isle-Jourdain (d.1228), and had issue.

description: Occitan noble

wikidata_label: Raymond V, Count of Toulouse

wikipedia_title: Raymond V, Count of Toulouse


text: Franco-Flemish

text: Renaissance

text: Antwerp

text: Barbingant

text: Rodolphus Agricola

text: Ferrara

text: Heidelberg

text: Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Buda

text: Hungary

text: Queen Beatrix

text: Chigi Codex

text: contrapuntal

text: Isaac

text: Obrecht

text: mass

text: Kyrie

text: Easter

text: motet

text: homophonic

text: bicinia

text: tessitura

text: Ockeghem

text: Heinrich Isaac

text: Jacob Obrecht

text: chanson

text: List of Renaissance composers

text: List of people from Antwerp

text: Macmillan Publishers

text: Reese, Gustave

text: W.W. Norton & Company

categories: Belgian classical composers,1491 deaths,Medieval Flemish people,Renaissance composers,1455 births,Flemish composers,People from Antwerp,Belgian male classical composers,15th-century Franco-Flemish composers

paragraph: Jacobus Barbireau

paragraph: Jacobus Barbireau (also Jacques or Jacob; also Barbirianus) (1455 – 7 August 1491) was a Franco-Flemish Renaissance composer from Antwerp. He was considered to be a superlative composer both by his contemporaries and by modern scholars; however, his surviving output is small, and he died young.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Until the 1960s, he was confused with another somewhat older composer named Barbingant; sources of the period often use variant spellings or omit first names of composers, making such confusion common. Barbireau was probably born in Antwerp, and both of his parents were citizens there. By 1482, he had attained the title of Master of Arts, so he likely went to university in the 1470s. He wanted to study with the humanist and musician Rodolphus Agricola, who was active at Ferrara in the 1470s and later Heidelberg, and several letters written by Agricola to Barbireau have survived; one of them gives useful clues about Barbireau's life. According to it, Barbireau was already active as a composer by 1484, and implies that his fame had not yet spread outside of his native Antwerp.

paragraph: Barbireau may have been attached to the Church of Our Lady in Antwerp since childhood. Since 1482, the church was the center of his life. It is also probably the reason why it was impossible for him to study with of Agricola. In 1484, succeeding Antoine de Vigne, he became Kapellmeister, a position he held until his death. Although Barbireau was registered in the account books of the church as singing master or magister choralum since 1487, he held the post probably as early as 1484. In 1485 as a schoolmaster, he paid a contribution to the Capellanía Our Lady of Nieuwwerk, a foundation created for teachers of singing. At that time, the choir led by Barbireau consisted of twelve singers. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, evidently held him in high regard, and when Barbireau went to Buda in Hungary in 1490, Queen Beatrix also spoke highly of him.

paragraph: Evidently his health was poor for about the last nine years of his life. He died in Antwerp, not long after returning from Hungary, on 7 August 1491. In his will, he designated as heirs the woman he married after 1487 and the daughter he had with her, Jacomyne Barbireau (born after 1487, died after 1525 ).

paragraph: The death of the composer inspired the humanistic Judocus Beyssel to write three epitaphs, in which he described Barbireau as "notabilissimus modulator" and where the author complains about the composer's untimely death.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: The library of the cathedral in Antwerp was destroyed by religious fanatics in 1556, probably destroying most of Barbireau's music. Some, however, has survived, mostly in foreign sources, including the Chigi Codex, and that which has survived is of outstanding quality. Writing in the 2001 "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", Rob Wegman notes "Barbireau shows a degree of contrapuntal polish and melodic-harmonic resourcefulness that puts him firmly on a par with such composers as Isaac and Obrecht." Indeed, his style is closely related to that of Heinrich Isaac, another Netherlander who spent much of his life working in German-speaking areas.

paragraph: Two masses have survived as well as a Kyrie for the Easter season, and a famous motet based on the Song of Solomon, "Osculetur me", for four voices. The mass for five voices, "Missa virgo parens Christi", is a cantus firmus mass and has an unusual arrangement where the voices have "divisi" parts, indicating that at least ten actual voices would be required to sing it. In this composition the textural contrasts are high, with striking homophonic passages alternating dynamically with polyphonic, and with fast-moving parts weaving around the slower-moving parts. Also featured in this mass are alternating duos (bicinia) in a call-response fashion. The motet "Osculetur me" uses low voice tessituras reminiscent of Ockeghem.

paragraph: Of his secular music, the song "Een vroylic wesen", for three voices, became a "hit" song all over Europe, appearing in numerous arrangements from places as far apart as Spain, Italy and England; Heinrich Isaac used it as the basis for his own "Missa Frölich wesen". Three of his surviving secular songs were used as the basis for masses, both by Isaac and Jacob Obrecht.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Masses and mass movements.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Missa Faulx perverse" (4 voices)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Missa virgo parens Christi" ["Missa De venerabili sacramento"] (5 voices)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Kyrie paschale" (4 voices)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Motet.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Osculetur me" (4 voices)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Secular music.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Ein frohlich wesen" [Een vroylic wesen]

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Gracioulx et biaulx"

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Scon lief"

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "Ma bouche rit" [virelai]

paragraph: BULLET::::5. "Der Pfoben swancz"

paragraph: BULLET::::6. "Esperant que mon bien vendra"

paragraph: BULLET::::7. "Au travail suis"

paragraph: BULLET::::8. "L’omme banni de sa plaisance"

paragraph: All the three chansons may be found at http://home.planet.nl/~teuli049/petrucciblad.html#bar

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Renaissance composers

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of people from Antwerp

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Works. Opera omnia/Jacobi Barbireau", ed. Bernhardus Meier. Corpus mensurabilis musicae 7 (2 vols.), Amsterdam: American Institute of Musicology, 1954-1957.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fox, Charles Warren (1980). "Jacobus Barbireau". "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London: Macmillan Publishers. . (Note: contains some material not found in the online Grove, but includes some of the old confusion between Barbireau and at least one other composer.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reese, Gustave (1954). "Music in the Renaissance". New York City: W.W. Norton & Company. .

description: musician

wikidata_label: Jacobus Barbireau

wikipedia_title: Jacobus Barbireau


text: Burbank, California

text: San Francisco

text: composer

text: opera

text: contemporary classical music

text: microtonalist

text: Lutheran

text: Occidental College

text: Robert Gross

text: Elinor Remick Warren

text: Gerard Grisey

text: Andrew Imbrie

text: John Chowning

text: University of California, Berkeley

text: Stanford University

text: signal processing

text: doctorate

text: Synclavier

text: Max Ernst

text: collage novel

text: Paul Dresher

text: Klagenfurt

text: William S. Burroughs

text: same name

text: historical fantasy

text: Pontius Pilate

text: Relâche

text: Mass

text: Notker the Stammerer

text: Cathedral of St Gall

text: atonal

text: just intonation

text: minimalists

text: eclectic

text: Eric Satie

text: surrealist

text: art rock

text: Village Voice

text: independent film

text: Jon Jost

text: CD

text: DVD

text: Leonardo Music Journal

text: IEEE

text: International Computer Music Conference

text: SIGGRAPH

text: Alexei Kornienko

text: Timur Bekbosunov

text: Bryan Nies

text: Laura Bohn

text: ZOFO Duet

text: Mark Alburger

text: Abbey of Saint Gall

text: John Duykers

text: Table of the Elements

text: SMS Szent István

text: John Duykers

text: Edward Mordake

text: Douglas Kearney

text: Pontius Pilate

text: James Bisso

text: Max Ernst

text: Thom Blum

text: Sofia Symphonic Orchestra

text: Dima Hilal

text: Michelle Murphy

text: Antonin Artaud

text: ErlingWold.com

categories: 20th-century classical composers,20th-century American composers,American opera composers,21st-century classical composers,1958 births,Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area,University of California, Berkeley alumni,American classical composers,Male opera composers,Classical musicians from California,20th-century male musicians,Pupils of Gérard Grisey,Occidental College alumni,21st-century American composers,Stanford University alumni,California Institute of Technology alumni,Musicians from Burbank, California,Living people,American male classical composers

paragraph: Erling Wold

paragraph: Erling Wold (born January 30, 1958 in Burbank, California) is a San Francisco based composer of opera and contemporary classical music. He is best known for his later chamber operas, and his early experiments as a microtonalist.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Wold was born into a religious family, the son of Erling Henry Wold Sr, a Lutheran minister and Margaret Barth Wold, an author of inspirational books and plays. He was given piano lessons at an early age but showed little interest in music until his teen years, when he became infatuated, teaching himself to play a variety of instruments and embracing the music of many of the modernist composers. It was also at this point that he started to write music. He first studied composition at Occidental College with Robert Gross where he was awarded the Elinor Remick Warren Composition Award in 1978. Later teachers included Gerard Grisey, Andrew Imbrie and John Chowning at the University of California, Berkeley and Stanford University, where he primarily studied computer music, gaining a facility with the mathematics of signal processing. While at Berkeley, he married Lynn Murdock, for whom he wrote a number of his early works. In 1985, they had a son, Duncan Renaldo Wold. He married the painter Lynne Rutter in 2010.

paragraph: After earning his doctorate at Berkeley in 1987, he went to work for Yamaha Music Technologies, writing a number of patents in music synthesis and processing. During this period, most of his music was electronic, and he was an early advocate of the Synclavier. His work at this time with a number of San Francisco performance artists and dancers led to his continuing interest in theater. After leaving Yamaha in 1992, he cofounded Muscle Fish, an audio and music software company. By 1995 he had migrated back to writing instrumental music and wrote his first chamber opera based on Max Ernst's collage novel "A Little Girl Dreams of Taking the Veil", a critical and popular success which has been revived several times, including performances by the Paul Dresher Ensemble and by the Klagenfurter ensemble in Austria and Germany. The success of the production led to a residency at ODC Theater in San Francisco, where he premiered his opera "Queer" based on William S. Burroughs' early autobiographical novel of the same name in 2001 and "Sub Pontio Pilato", an historical fantasy on the death and remembrance of Pontius Pilate in 2003. There have been few purely musical works during this period, but some notable exceptions are "Close", played by Relâche and others, the piano pieces "Albrechts Fluegel", premiered by Finnish pianist Marja Mutru, and "Veracity".

paragraph: Although he rejected religion in his teens, he has returned many times to religious themes in his works, including many of his operatic works, and his Mass named for Notker the Stammerer commissioned by the Cathedral of St Gall. His earliest music was atonal and arrhythmic, but the influences of just intonation and the music of the minimalists led to the bulk of his music being composed in a variety of tonal genres. He was attracted by the theater and much of his music is either directly dramatic or is based on dramatic rather than purely musical structures. Wold is an eclectic composer who has also been called "the Eric Satie of Berkeley surrealist/minimalist electro-art rock" by the Village Voice. He composed the soundtracks for a number of films by the independent film director Jon Jost.

paragraph: There are a number of CD and DVD releases of Wold's music. He has published artistic and technical articles in several publications, including the Leonardo Music Journal, IEEE MultiMedia, Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference, SIGGRAPH, the Just Intonation Network Journal 1/1, IEEE Transactions on Computers and several books.

paragraph: He is the Executive Director of the San Francisco Composers Chamber Orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rattensturm" (2019). On Spooky Pooch. Conducted by Alexei Kornienko.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "UKSUS" (2019). On MinMax. Performed by Timur Bekbosunov et al, conducted by Bryan Nies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Certitude and Joy" (2014). On MinMax. Performed by Laura Bohn et al., and the ZOFO Duet.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mordake" (2010). On MinMax. Performed by John Duykers, and the SFCCO under Mark Alburger.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Missa Beati Notkeri Balbuli Sancti Galli Monachi" (2010). On Spooky Pooch Records. Recorded at the Abbey of Saint Gall under the direction of Hans Eberhard, with Kimberly Brockman, soprano.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sub Pontio Pilato" (2006), a live performance at ODC Theater, with Jonathan Khuner conducting, starring John Duykers. On Spooky Pooch Records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "queer" (2002). Conducted by Dierdre McClure with Trauma Flintstone in the lead role. On Spooky Pooch Records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Little Girl Dreams of Taking the Veil" (2001). Conducted by Dierdre McClure, presented by ODC Theater. On MinMax.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bed You Sleep In" (1992). Soundtrack for a movie by Jon Jost. On Table of the Elements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Weep" (1992). On Spooky Pooch.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music of Love" (1987). For microtonal Synclavier. On Spooky Pooch.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Chamber Opera.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rattensturm" (2018) on the sinking of the SMS Szent István, libretto by Peter Wagner.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Uksus" (2012-2016) based on the writings of Daniil Kharms.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Certitude and Joy" (2012) on the dangers and ecstasies of religious faith.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mordake" (2008) a solo opera for John Duykers on the story of Edward Mordake; libretto by Douglas Kearney.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blinde Liebe" (2005) an interactive dance opera on a true crime story

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sub Pontio Pilato" (2003) an historical fantasy on Pontius Pilate with libretto by James Bisso

paragraph: BULLET::::- "die Nacht wird kommen..." (2002) a German language version of "A Little Girl Dreams of Taking the Veil"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "queer" (2000, revised 2011) based on the novel by William S. Burroughs

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Little Girl Dreams of Taking the Veil" (1995, revised 2000) based on Max Ernst's collage novel

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Dance.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trio" (2004) a joint composition with Thom Blum for Deborah Slater Dance Theater

paragraph: BULLET::::- "i brought my hips to the table" (1998) text by Michelle Murphy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abstaende" (1995) dance by Palindrome Dance Company

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Egg" (1990) - dance by Gay White

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crash" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dance of the Testifiers" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dance of the Polygamists" (1987)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Orchestra.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Certitude and Joy" (2011) commissioned and premiered by the Sofia Symphonic Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brightness" (2004) for clarinet and orchestra, premiered by Rachel Condry.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Choral.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Missa Beati Notkeri Balbuli Sancti Galli Monachi" (2006)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Chamber.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "walking along the embarcadero past pier 7 and the flowers" (2011) for two pianos

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Veracity" (2001) for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Close" (1997) for chamber ensemble

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Albrechts Fluegel" (1995) for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seven Days Ago" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It was in the summer that I first noticed your hair, your face, your eyelids" (1988)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coyotes Kill For Fun (2017)" film by Blake Eckard

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bubba Moon Face (2011)" film by Blake Eckard

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Lunga Ombra" (2005) film by Jon Jost

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Homecoming" (2004) film by Jon Jost

paragraph: BULLET::::- "London Brief" (1997) film by Jon Jost

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bed You Sleep In" (1993) film by Jon Jost

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sure Fire" (1990) film by Jon Jost

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Songs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raheel" (2003) text by Dima Hilal

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Harvest of Rage" (2000) songs for tenor and orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "13 Versions of Surrender" (1996) text by Michelle Murphy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Center Mother and Boss Puss" (1990) text by Antonin Artaud

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ErlingWold.com website

description: American composer

wikidata_label: Erling Wold

wikipedia_title: Erling Wold


text:
Roman Catholic
Bishop
Bishop of Plymouth
London
Basil Hume
Archdiocese of Westminster
Cormac Murphy-O'Connor
Allen Hall Seminary
Bishop of Plymouth
Pope Francis
Stella Maris
Plymouth Cathedral
Apostleship of the Sea

categories: People from London,1963 births,21st-century Roman Catholic priests,English Roman Catholic bishops,Living people

paragraph: Mark O'Toole (bishop)

paragraph: Mark O'Toole (born 22 June 1963) is a Roman Catholic Bishop and is the current Bishop of Plymouth.

paragraph: Born in London, England, he was ordained a priest on 9 June 1990 by Basil Hume for the Archdiocese of Westminster. Between 2002 and 2008 he served as the private secretary to Cormac Murphy-O'Connor before his appointment as the Rector of Allen Hall Seminary.

paragraph: On 9 November 2013, O'Toole was appointed the ninth Bishop of Plymouth by Pope Francis. He received his episcopal consecration on 28 January 2014.

paragraph: In O'Toole's homily during the Stella Maris Mass for seafarers on 25 September 2014 in Plymouth Cathedral, O'Toole expressed an affinity with the mission of the Apostleship of the Sea, the Catholic charity that provides pastoral and practical support to all seafarers. He said this was because his grandfather was something of a seafarer and fisherman who owned his own boat and made a living in trading goods and supplies off the West coast of Ireland.

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Mark O'Toole

wikipedia_title: Mark O'Toole (bishop)


text:
Stephen F. Austin
Old Three Hundred
Illinois Territory
Red River
Spanish Texas
Wharton County, Texas
Warren County, Ohio
Illinois Territory
War of 1812
Arkansas Territory
Red River
Jonesborough
Miller County, Arkansas
Spanish Texas
alcalde
William Rabb
Stephen F. Austin
Mexican Texas
Wharton County
Austin County
acres
Wharton, Texas
Colorado River
San Felipe
Sally
Matagorda County
Dewitt County

categories: Old Three Hundred,1787 births,People from Red River County, Texas,People from Wharton County, Texas,People from Warren County, Ohio,People of Mexican Texas

paragraph: Joseph Newman (Texas settler)

paragraph: Joseph Newman (c. 1787–1831) moved to Texas and became one of Stephen F. Austin's Old Three Hundred colonists. In 1806, he married Rachel Rabb in Ohio. Their family, which eventually expanded to include ten children, moved first to Illinois Territory and by 1820 was living along the Red River in Spanish Texas. In 1824 the Newmans moved to a land grant in modern-day Wharton County, Texas where they farmed and ranched. Joseph died in 1831 but his wife lived until 1872.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and migration.

paragraph: Joseph Newman was born around 1787. On June 21, 1806, then 19-year-old Joseph married 16-year-old Rachel Rabb in Warren County, Ohio. The family later migrated to Illinois Territory where Joseph did military service in the War of 1812. Again the Newmans moved, this time to Arkansas Territory, where they lived along the Red River.

paragraph: In 1820, the families crossed to the south side of the river and lived in the Jonesborough settlement. The authorities in Miller County, Arkansas tried to collect taxes from the residents of Jonesborough. Believing themselves to be living in Spanish Texas, about 80 settlers petitioned the Spanish governor, asking him to appoint an alcalde to govern them. If this was not possible the petition requested that the settlers be allowed to elect their own officials. The document became known as the "Joseph Newman Memorial".

paragraph: Section::::Austin's colony.

paragraph: In 1823, the Newmans traveled to join Rachel's parents William Rabb and Mary Smalley Rabb in Stephen F. Austin's Colony. They were given Land Grant 59 in Mexican Texas on August 10, 1824. The grant included one "sitio" in what is now Wharton County and one "labore" in modern-day Austin County. The larger "sitio" or league encompassed 4,428 acres while the "labore" was only 177 acres. The Newman's league was located northwest of Wharton, Texas on the east side of the Colorado River. Their "labore" was located near San Felipe. An adjoining league along the Colorado belonged to Rachel's brother Andrew Rabb.

paragraph: An early census recorded that Newman farmed and tended livestock. He was not destined to live long on his new land. On February 15, 1831 he signed a will that left his property to his wife and their ten children. Their offspring were Mary, William, Eliza, Minerva, Sally, Elizabeth, Thomas, Ali, Joseph, Jr. and Andrew. Of these, the three youngest sons were born in Austin's Colony. The dying Newman appointed Andrew Rabb executor and Rachel executrix of his will. His will also asked that he be buried in the family cemetery on his property. The location of Newman's grave is unknown. Rachel deeded all her property to her children four years after her husband's death, but she kept living in her original home. She also inherited property in Matagorda County from her parents. In 1854, none of the original Newman league belonged to family members, so Rachel moved to Dewitt County where she remarried. She died in 1872 and was buried in the Salt Creek cemetery. Newman's daughter Sally led a very colorful life and was supposed to have gunned down several men.

description: American colonist

wikidata_label: Joseph Newman

wikipedia_title: Joseph Newman (Texas settler)


text:
rector
University of Warsaw
dermatology
University of Warsaw
Polish Dermatological Society

categories: 1931 deaths,Polish dermatologists,1868 births

paragraph: Franciszek Krzyształowicz

paragraph: Franciszek Krzyształowicz (1868 - 1931) was a Polish dermatologist. He served as the rector of the University of Warsaw from 1924 to 1925. In 1919 he became the professor and head of dermatology at the University of Warsaw. He was one of the founders of the Polish Dermatological Society, and from 1927 to 1930 he was its chairman.

description: Polish dermatologist

wikidata_label: Franciszek Krzyształowicz

wikipedia_title: Franciszek Krzyształowicz


text:
Rotterdam
Netherlands
Dutch language
Tom Puss
Panda
Dante Quinterno
Tom Puss
Dutch
Oliver B. Bumble
Dutch language
Prlwytzkofsky
Pogo
satirical approach
Phiny Dick
Tera de Marez Oyens
Jan Gerhard Toonder
Groningen
Holland America Line
Rotterdam
De Bezige Bij
Stripschapprijs
Tollensprijs
Adamson Gold Award
Sweden
Biography
Toondertijd
Bommel zolder
Panda and the clocktower fight

categories: 1912 births,Dutch satirists,Dutch animators,2005 deaths,Dutch sailors,Dutch comics artists,Dutch animated film producers,Artists from Rotterdam,Dutch expatriates in Ireland,Dutch writers

paragraph: Marten Toonder

paragraph: Marten Toonder (2 May 1912 – 27 July 2005) was a Dutch comic strip creator, born in Rotterdam. He was probably the most successful comic artist in the Netherlands and had a great influence on the Dutch language by introducing new words and expressions. He is most famous for his series "Tom Puss" and "Panda".

paragraph: Section::::Tom Puss/Oliver B. Bumble series.

paragraph: In 1931 after his final exams, Marten Toonder went to Buenos Aires with his father. Here he got acquainted with the work of the well-known Argentine artist and editor Dante Quinterno, who ran a studio producing comics. Quinterno's creations impressed him to such a degree that he decided to become an artist himself. His most famous comic series were the Tom Puss ("Tom Poes" in Dutch) and Oliver B. Bumble ("Olivier B. Bommel" in Dutch) series that appeared in a Dutch newspaper from 1941–86. It has a very characteristic format. Every day there were three drawings and an accompanying text (about a book-page long). It started out as a children's cartoon, but gradually became more relevant to adults. Nowadays his texts are considered literature to some critics, and Toonder received several literary prizes for them. He invented many new words and expressions and some of those are now widely used in the Dutch language. Many personalities in his comics have their own peculiar dialect of Dutch, for instance Prlwytzkofsky language of professor Prlwytzkofsky, an innovative mixture of Dutch and German. Because of his specific writing style, so far, it is difficult to translate. His drawing style is very detailed and might be compared to "Pogo", with more room for background drawings, since there are no text 'balloons' in the drawings. Apart from his eccentric use of language Toonder is also praised for satirical approach.

paragraph: Section::::Personal details.

paragraph: Toonder was born in Rotterdam on 2 May 1912. He lived in Ireland from 1965 until the early 1990s. He was married to the cartoon artist Phiny Dick (1912–1990), who collaborated with her husband and on whose earlier created characters Ollie B Bumble and Tom Puss were based. In 1996, at the age of 84, he married the composer Tera de Marez Oyens, who died the same year. Together with his brother, author Jan Gerhard Toonder, he assisted his father, (Captain) Marten Toonder Sr., a seaman born in the Dutch northern province Groningen, to write a book about his life, in which Toonder Sr. describes many details about the ending era of professional cargo sailing, the Rotterdam Lloyd (Line to East Indies), the Holland America Line and about pre-war Rotterdam.

paragraph: Marten Toonder died in his sleep on 27 July 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography in Dutch language.:Autobiographical material.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vroeger was de aarde plat" (1992). Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Het geluid van bloemen" (1993). Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Onder het kollende meer Doo" (1996). Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tera" (1998). Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We zullen wel zien" (2001). Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij. .

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982: Stripschapprijs, Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: Tollensprijs, Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: Adamson Gold Award for Lifetime Achievement, Sweden

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toondertijd A Dutch site for collectors of Marten Toonders stories

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bommel zolder The one and only Toonder museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Panda and the clocktower fight One of Toonder's Panda stories (in Norwegian)

description: Dutch cartoonist

wikidata_label: Marten Toonder

wikipedia_title: Marten Toonder


text:
Magna Carta
John of England
Warter
Roos
Helmsley
Henry II
Wark on Tweed
Northumberland
Ranulf de Glanvill
William I
Bonneville-sur-Touques
Normandy
bailiff
castellan
Richard I of England
Philip II of France
Philip Oldcoates
sheriff of Cumberland
Lincolnshire
Yorkshire
William de Forz
Hawise, Countess of Aumale
abbess
Barking Abbey
excommunicated
Carlisle Castle
Prince Louis
Skipsea Castle
Knights Templar
Temple Church
Ribston
commandery
Bolton
leper hospital
St Thomas Becket
Rievaulx Abbey
Newminster Abbey
Kirkham Priory
Haddington
Edinburgh
Isabella
Robert III de Brus
Robert Avenel

categories: Magna Carta barons,13th-century Christian monks,Anglo-Normans,People from North Yorkshire,People temporarily excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church,Medieval English knights,13th-century English people,Norman warriors,English Christian monks,High Sheriffs of Cumberland,1170s births,1226 deaths

paragraph: Robert de Ros (died 1227)

paragraph: Sir Robert de Ros (died c. 1227) was an Anglo-Norman feudal baron, soldier, and administrator who was one of the Twenty-Five Barons appointed under clause 61 of the 1215 Magna Carta agreement to monitor its observance by King John of England.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Born about 1182, he was the son and heir of Everard de Ros (died before 1184) and his wife Roese (died 1194), daughter of William Trussebut, of Warter. The Ros family, from the village of Roos in Yorkshire, had in 1158 acquired the barony of Helmsley, also in Yorkshire, and before 1189 by gift of King Henry II the barony of Wark on Tweed in Northumberland.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Left fatherless, his lands were initially in the keeping of the Chief Justiciar of England, Ranulf de Glanvill. In 1191, though under age, he paid a 1000 mark fee to inherit his father's lands. In that year he also married a widow who was an illegitimate daughter of King William I of Scotland. Later he inherited from his mother one-third of the Trussebut estates, which included lands near the town of Bonneville-sur-Touques in Normandy, of which he became hereditary bailiff and castellan.

paragraph: In 1196, during fighting between King Richard I of England and King Philip II of France, Richard captured a French knight worth a significant ransom and put him in the castle of Bonneville. When the keeper of the castle let the knight escape, an angry Richard had the man hanged and imprisoned Ros, fining him 1200 marks (though he was later let off 275 marks).

paragraph: Like many magnates, he had an uneasy relationship with King John after 1199. He witnessed the King's charters, served in his armies, went on diplomatic missions for him (one in 1199 to Ros' father-in-law in Scotland), and on one occasion was reported gambling with him in Ireland. Tension arose in 1205, when John ordered his lands to be seized but later relented. It was possibly then that his younger son was taken as a hostage by the King.

paragraph: In 1206 he was given permission to mortgage his lands if during the next three years he went to Jerusalem, as a crusading knight or as an individual pilgrim. The permission was renewed in 1207, but his record was marred by the escape that year of another prisoner under his supervision, for which he was fined 300 marks. Back in favour in 1209, he was sent again on a diplomatic mission to Scotland but does not seem to have gone to Palestine, for in 1210 he was serving with John in Ireland.

paragraph: In 1212, on account of him entering a monastic order, John gave custody of his lands to Sir Philip Oldcoates. But he re-entered secular life the next year, when the King made him sheriff of Cumberland and appointed him to a commission investigating grievances in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. In the latter county, he worked for a reconciliation between John and William de Forz, heir to the extensive estates there of Hawise, Countess of Aumale.

paragraph: In October 1213 he was one of the witnesses when John surrendered England to the authority of the Pope and he was one of the twelve guarantors appointed to ensure John kept his promises. Throughout the disturbances of 1214 and the first quarter of 1215 he remained loyal to John, being rewarded with royal manors in Cumberland and royal support for the election of his aunt as abbess of Barking Abbey. However he then joined the rebel barons as one of the 25 chosen to enforce observance of the Magna Carta agreement, being appointed by them to control Yorkshire and possibly Northumberland. For this he was excommunicated by the Pope, and John gave his lands to William de Forz.

paragraph: Ordered by John to give up Carlisle Castle, he did so but remained on the rebel side after the death of John in October 1216, supporting Prince Louis even after his elder son was captured by the loyalist side in May 1217. He finally submitted later that year, and regained most of his lands. Intermittent unrest in Yorkshire continued, with fighting in 1220 between his men and those of the sheriff, followed in 1221 with him being summoned to help take and destroy Skipsea Castle during the rebellion of William de Forz.

paragraph: In 1225 he was one of the witnesses to the reissue of Magna Carta and by the end of 1226 had re-entered a monastic order, possibly the Knights Templar. His Helmsley estates, where he had fortified the castle, then went to his elder son, while Wark, also fortified by him, went to the younger. He died that year, or in 1227, and was buried in the Temple Church in London.

paragraph: Section::::Benefactions.

paragraph: He was a supporter of the Knights Templar, giving them lands in Yorkshire that included Ribston, where they set up a commandery. At Bolton in Northumberland, he founded a leper hospital dedicated to St Thomas Becket, endowing it with extensive lands. He was also a benefactor of Rievaulx Abbey, Newminster Abbey, and Kirkham Priory.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Early in 1191, at Haddington near Edinburgh, he married Isabella, widow of Robert III de Brus and illegitimate daughter of King William I. Her mother was said to be a daughter of Robert Avenel.

paragraph: Their children included:

description: English baron, died 1227

wikidata_label: Robert de Ros

wikipedia_title: Robert de Ros (died 1227)


text:
Sutton
Berkshire
House of Courtenay
Earls of Devon
lord of the manor
Courtenay
Kingdom of France
Loiret
department
France
Ermengard de Nevers
Second Crusade
King Louis VII
Peter I of Courtenay
Sutton
Robert FitzEdith
Henry I
Henry II of England
Wexford
feudal barony of Okehampton
Okehampton Castle
Hugh de Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon
King Louis VII
Peter of France

paragraph: Renaud de Courtenay

paragraph: Renaud de Courtenay, anglicised to Reginald I de Courtenay, of Sutton, Berkshire, was a French nobleman of the House of Courtenay who took up residence in England and founded the English Courtenay family, who became Earls of Devon in 1335. The title is still held today, by his direct male descendant.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the son of Miles (Milo) de Courtenay, Seigneur (lord of the manor) of Courtenay, in the Kingdom of France, today in the Loiret department in north-central France, by his wife Ermengard de Nevers.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He succeeded his father as Seigneur of Courtenay. He fought in the Second Crusade, with King Louis VII of France. He quarrelled with King Louis VII, who seized Renaud's French possessions and gave them along with Renaud's daughter Elizabeth to his youngest brother, Pierre (Peter) of France, who thenceforth became known as Peter I of Courtenay (died 1183)). He became Lord of the Manor of Sutton in 1161.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1) Helene (Hawise) du Donjon, daughter of Frederick du Donjon and Corbeil, sister of Guy du Donjon

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2) Maud du Sap, daughter of Robert FitzEdith, lord of Okehampton (d.1172) (illegitimate son of Henry I).

paragraph: Section::::Progeny.

paragraph: By his first marriage:

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1) Renaud II de Courtenay, (b. 1125 - d. 27 September 1194) who in 1172, accompanied King Henry II of England on the Irish Expedition to the Wexford. He married Hawise de Curcy (d.1219), heiress of the feudal barony of Okehampton in Devon, and half sister to his father's second wife, Maud du Sap.. Through the marriage, he acquired Okehampton Castle, which remained in the Courtenay family for many generations. They had a son, Robert de Courtenay (d. 1242), who was the great-grandfather of Hugh de Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (d.1340).

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2) Elizabeth de Courtenay (b. 1127 - d. September 1205), who was given in marriage by the French King Louis VII (d.1180) to his youngest brother, Peter of France (d.1183), who thenceforth became known as "Peter I of Courtenay".

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700" by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines: 107-25-138-25.

description: British noble

wikidata_label: Renaud de Courtenay

wikipedia_title: Renaud de Courtenay


text:
Croton
Magna Graecia
Pythagoras
astrology
meteorology
anatomical
dissection
Eustachian tube
Calcidius
humors
nutrition
Favorinus
Anaximander
fable
Stobaeus
Plutarch
Galen
Calcidius
Plato
Timaeus
Herophilus
Phaedo
Aristotle
Pythagoras
Aristotle
eclipse
Ionian School
Galen of Pergamon
Hippocrates
Alcmaeon Fragments

categories: History of anatomy,Ancient Greek anatomists,Presocratic philosophers,Ancient Crotonians,Pythagoreans of Magna Graecia,Ancient Greek physicians,Ancient Greek metaphysicians,5th-century BC philosophers,Ancient Greek science writers,5th-century BC Greek people

paragraph: Alcmaeon of Croton

paragraph: Alcmaeon of Croton (in Magna Graecia) (; , "Alkmaiōn", "gen".: Ἀλκμαίωνος; 5th century BC) has been described as one of the most eminent natural philosophers and medical theorists of antiquity. He has been referred to as "a thinker of considerable originality and one of the greatest philosophers, naturalists, and neuroscientists of all time." His work in biology has been described as remarkable, and his originality made him likely a pioneer. Because of difficulties dating Alcmaeon's birth, his importance has been neglected.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alcmaeon was the son of Peirithous. Alcmaeon is said by some to have been a pupil of Pythagoras, and he is believed to have been born c. 510 BC. Although he wrote primarily about medical topics, there is some suggestion that he was a philosopher of science, not a physician. He also practiced astrology and meteorology. Nothing more is known of the events of his life.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: During Alcmaeon's time, the medical school in Magna Graecia was regarded as the most famous, illnesses were studied in a scientific and experimental manner. Alcmaeon was considered by many an early pioneer and advocate of anatomical dissection and was said to be the first to identify Eustachian tubes. His celebrated discoveries in the field of dissection were noted in antiquity, but whether his knowledge in this branch of science was derived from the dissection of animals or of human bodies is disputed. Calcidius, on whose authority the fact rests, merely says ""qui primus exsectionem aggredi est ausus"," and the word "exsectio" would apply equally well in either case; some modern scholars doubt Calcidius' word entirely.

paragraph: Alcmaeon also was the first to dwell on the internal causes of illnesses. It was he who first suggested that health was a state of equilibrium between opposing humors and that illnesses were because of problems in environment, nutrition and lifestyle. A book titled "On Nature" is attributed to him, though the original title may be different. According to Favorinus account, Alcmaeon has been the first who wrote such a treatise on natural philosophy (), however this has been disputed, because Anaximander wrote before Alcmaeon. Accounts which attribute an Alcmaeon of Croton to be the first to write animal fables, may be a reference to a poet with the same name. He also wrote several other medical and philosophical works, of which nothing but the titles and a few fragments have been preserved by Stobaeus, Plutarch, and Galen.

paragraph: Surviving fragments attributed to Alcmaeon include, "The earth is the mother of plants and the sun their father", and may be also, "Experience is the beginning of learning", attributed to an Spartan poet named Alcman.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Study of the senses.

paragraph: Calcidius' commentary on Plato's "Timaeus" praises Alcmaeon (as well as Callisthenes and Herophilus), about their work on the nature of the eye. He mentions that Alcmaeon excised an animal eye to study the optic nerve. However, there is no evidence that Alcmaeon himself dissected the eye or the skull. Based on this observation, and more rudimentary, Alcmaeon described the senses, except for the touch sense. These observations contributed to the study of medicine by establishing the connection between the brain and the sense organs, and outlined the paths of the optic nerves as well as stating that the brain is the organ of the mind. Many scholars believe that Plato referred to Alcmaeon's work, when writing in Phaedo about the senses and how we or animals think. He also stated that the eye contains both fire and water, with vision occurring once something is seen and reflected by the gleaming and translucent part of the eye.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Other studies.

paragraph: Alcmaeon said that sleep occurs by the withdrawal of blood, away from the surface of the body, to larger blood-flowing vessels, and that one becomes awake again once the blood returns. And if the blood withdraws entirely, death occurs. It has been suggested that Hippocratic authors, and Aristotle adopted Alcmaeon’s views on sleep. There are also accounts of him about embryology, how a child develops, and analogies with animals and plants about human physiology. Because of the little evidence, there exists controversy to what extent Alcmaeon can be considered as a Presocratic cosmologist, or if at all.

paragraph: Section::::Pythagorean.

paragraph: Although Alcmaeon is often described as a pupil of Pythagoras, there are reasons to doubt whether he was a Pythagorean at all; his name seems to have crept into lists of Pythagoreans given us by later writers. Aristotle mentions him as nearly contemporary with Pythagoras, but distinguishes between the "stoicheia" () of opposites, under which the Pythagoreans included all things; and the double principle of Alcmaeon, according to Aristotle, less extended, although he does not explain the precise difference. Since 1950 the scholarly consensus holds that Alcmaeon of Croton is a figure independent of the Pythagoreans.

paragraph: Other doctrines of Alcmaeon have been preserved. He said that the human soul was immortal and partook of the divine nature, because like the heavenly bodies it contained in itself a principle of motion. The eclipse of the moon, which was also eternal, he supposed to arise from its shape, which he said was like a boat. All his doctrines which have come down to us relate to physics or medicine; and seem to have arisen partly out of the speculations of the Ionian School, with which rather than the Pythagorean, Aristotle appears to connect Alcmaeon, partly from the traditional lore of the earliest medical science.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galen of Pergamon Influenced by Alcmaeon of Croton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hippocrates

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alcmaeon Fragments Read the philosophical fragments

description: 5th-century BC Greek physician and philosopher

wikidata_label: Alcmaeon of Croton

wikipedia_title: Alcmaeon of Croton


href: Arabic Zirids Ifriqiya Buluggin%20ibn%20Ziri Ifriqiya Berber%20people Morocco Fez%2C%20Morocco Sijilmasa Maghreb Kutama Hammad%20ibn%20Buluggin Algeria Zanata Fatimids Abbasids Iraq Badis%20ibn%20Mansur

text:
Arabic
Zirids
Ifriqiya
Buluggin ibn Ziri
Ifriqiya
Berber
Morocco
Fez
Sijilmasa
Maghreb
Kutama
Hammad ibn Buluggin
Algeria
Zanata
Fatimids
Abbasids
Iraq
Badis ibn Mansur

categories: 10th-century Berber people,Year of birth unknown,Zirid emirs of Ifriqiya,995 deaths,Tunisian Shia Muslims

paragraph: Al-Mansur ibn Buluggin

paragraph: al-Mansûr ibn Buluggin (Arabic: المنصور بن بلوجن) (died 995) was the second ruler of the Zirids in Ifriqiya (984–995).

paragraph: Al-Mansur succeeded his father Buluggin ibn Ziri (972–984) in Ifriqiya. Despite further campaigns by the Zirids against the Berber tribes of Morocco, he was forced to abandon the attempt at a permanent conquest of Fez and Sijilmasa. Still, he was able to consolidate Zirid rule in the central Maghreb when he defeated the Kutama Berbers in 988, and when his brother Hammad ibn Buluggin, as governor of Algeria, drove the Zanata Berbers into Morocco. The vassal relationship to the Fatimids became increasingly loose under al-Mansur, not least because their focus of attention was on the overthrow of the Abbasids in Iraq.

paragraph: He was succeed by Badis ibn Mansur (995–1016)

description: Ziryid ruler

wikidata_label: Al-Mansur ibn Buluggin

wikipedia_title: Al-Mansur ibn Buluggin


text:
American football
cornerback
Houston Texans
National Football League
college football
Kentucky
West Side Leadership Academy
Gary, Indiana
Ohio State University
San Bernardino Valley College
Garden City Community College
University of Kentucky
Houston Texans
2019 NFL Draft
Seattle Seahawks
Duane Brown
Kentucky Wildcats bio
Garden City CC bio

categories: Players of American football from Indiana,Garden City Broncbusters football players,Kentucky Wildcats football players,American football safeties,Sportspeople from Gary, Indiana,American football cornerbacks,1997 births,Living people

paragraph: Lonnie Johnson Jr.

paragraph: Lonnie Johnson Jr. (born May 31, 1995) is an American football cornerback for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Kentucky.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Johnson attended West Side Leadership Academy in Gary, Indiana. He originally committed to Ohio State University to play college football but decommitted and went to San Bernardino Valley College Later transferring to Garden City Community College.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Attended San Bernardino Valley College, Ca 2014 played Wr and special teams.

paragraph: Johnson attended Garden City in 2015 and 2016. He did not play in 2016, to concentrate on academics. He transferred to the University of Kentucky in 2017. In two seasons at Kentucky, he had 64 tackles and one interception.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Johnson was drafted by the Houston Texans in the second round, 54th overall, of the 2019 NFL Draft.

paragraph: The Texans previously acquired the 54th overall pick from the Seattle Seahawks in a trade that sent Duane Brown to Seattle. On May 10, 2019, he signed his rookie contract.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kentucky Wildcats bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garden City CC bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Lonnie Johnson Jr.

wikipedia_title: Lonnie Johnson Jr.


text:
French film director
journalist
documentary film
Interwar period
Vichy
Second World War
smartphones
video calling

categories: 1974 deaths,French film directors,1902 births

paragraph: J. K. Raymond-Millet

paragraph: J.K. Raymond-Millet (12 September 1902 – 15 August 1974) was a French film director and journalist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: J.K. Raymond-Millet was a documentary filmmaker and the creator of Les Films J.K. Raymond-Millet. On 29 September 1923, he married Marcelle Robert, alias Monique Muntcho in Paris. Together with Robert, he produced various films under different film production banners: Les Films de la Colombe, Les Films J.K.Raymond-Millet. He also authored poetry and travelogues.

paragraph: He produced several documentaries in the Interwar period, notably "Aude, belle inconnue" under the Vichy regime, and continued his career after the Second World War.

paragraph: In 1947, he produced and directed "Télévision, oeil de demain" which predicted smartphones and video calling.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 : "Géants d'acier, pieuvres mécaniques"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 : "L'Industrie vinicole en Oranie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 : "Promenade en Afrique équatoriale française"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 : "France-Congo sur un cargo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 : "À la rencontre du soleil"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 : "Le Manioc"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 : "La Chanson du Manioc"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 : "L'Ile de la Réunion"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 : "Concert Caraïbe"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 : "Au pays du vrai rhum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 : "Aude, belle inconnue"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 : "Occitanie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 : "L'Albigeois"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 : "La Haute-Vallée de la Garonne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 : "Terres vermeilles"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943 : "L'Ariège, rivière de France"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943 : "Gens et coutumes d'Armagnac"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 : "Au Pays du Magnan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 : "Le Chemin de Madagascar"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 : "Terres créoles"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 : "Voyage mauve"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 : "L'Ennemi secret"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 : "Les Heures passent"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 : "Naissance d'un spectacle"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 : "La Vallée du Têt"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 : "Divertissement espagnol"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 : "La Télévision, œil de demain"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 : "Il était une montagne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 : "La Source du sourire"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 : "Minarets dans le soleil"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 : "Sedan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 : "Cheveux noirs, capes grises"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 : "La Grande île au coeur des Saintes-Eaux"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 : "Réalités malgaches"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 : "Terre du sucre et du rhum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 : "Pêcheurs et pescadous"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 : "Sud"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 : "Nommé à Majunga"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 : "Plein ciel malgache"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 : "Tamatave la Marine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 : "Modern Magascar"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "Vertiges"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "Un Village d'Algérie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 : "La Démographie Algérienne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 : "L'Economie Algérienne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 : "La Jeunesse de Monsieur Pasteur"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 : "Chronique du païs du Tarn"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 : "Paris d'une fenêtre"

description: French director

wikidata_label: J.K. Raymond-Millet

wikipedia_title: J. K. Raymond-Millet


text: Norton Powlett

text: Amport

text: Lord Harry Powlett

text: Duke of Bolton

text: Marquess of Winchester

text: Gentleman Usher

text: Frederick, Prince of Wales

text: Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales

text: High Sheriff of Hampshire

text: Member of Parliament

text: Winchester

text: Tory

text: Lord Harry Powlett

text: Duke of Bolton

text: heir presumptive

text: Groom Porter

text: King George III

text: Lord-Lieutenancy of Hampshire

text: Marquess of Winchester

text: Vice-Admiral of Dorset

text: Hampshire

text: Lord Henry Paulet

text: American War of Independence

text: French Revolutionary

text: Napoleonic Wars

text: Sir Joseph Sidney Yorke

categories: British MPs 1768–1774,1722 births,British MPs 1761–1768,1800 deaths,High Sheriffs of Hampshire,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,Tory MPs (pre-1834),Paulet family

paragraph: George Paulet, 12th Marquess of Winchester (7 June 1722 – 22 April 1800), known as George Paulet or Powlett until 1794, was an English courtier and nobleman.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: George was the eighth and youngest son of Norton Powlett or Paulet (d. 1741), of Amport. Norton was the grandson of Lord Henry Paulet, of Amport, and the great-grandson of William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Peerage.

paragraph: Lord Harry Powlett, the 6th Duke of Bolton and 11th Marquess of Winchester, was George's third cousin once removed. George's elder brother was heir presumptive to the title Marquess of Winchester. As George's brother predeceased him, upon the death of Lord Harry Powlett on 25 December 1794, George succeeded to the title as the 12th Marquess of Winchester.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Paulet held a series of court posts. On 29 October 1750, he was appointed an Extra Gentleman Usher Daily Waiter to Frederick, Prince of Wales, and served until the Prince's death in 1751. From 1758 to 1772, he was a Gentleman Usher Quarterly Waiter to Frederick's widow, Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales. In 1761, Paulet was appointed High Sheriff of Hampshire.

paragraph: He was elected Member of Parliament for Winchester as a Tory in 1765, after his third cousin once removed, Lord Harry Powlett, succeeded as Duke of Bolton in July. At the time, his only surviving brother, William, a naval officer, was heir presumptive to the Duke's marquessate of Winchester, although the Duke had taken a second wife in April of that year. Later in 1765, Paulet was appointed Groom Porter to King George III on 23 December 1765, holding the office until it was abolished on 14 November 1782. By the time Paulet left Parliament in 1774, his brother had died and he had become heir presumptive to the Duke.

paragraph: In 1793, Paulet was the first commissioner for the Lord-Lieutenancy of Hampshire, formerly held by the Duke of Bolton, and in the following year, succeeded as Marquess of Winchester upon the Duke's death (the dukedom becoming extinct). Appointed Vice-Admiral of Dorset and of Hampshire in 1797, he died in 1800 and was succeeded in the marquessate by his eldest son Charles.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On 7 January 1762, he married Martha Ingoldsby (d. 1796), by whom he had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester (1764–1843)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Henry Paulet (1767–1832), a Vice Admiral who saw service in the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Urania Anne Paulet (c.1767–1843), who married first on 17 March 1785 Henry de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde (d. 1797). After his death, she married Col. Peter Kington (d. 1807) on 28 October 1799, with whom she had issue. After her second husband's death, she married V-Adm. Sir Joseph Sidney Yorke on 22 May 1813.

description: British politician


text: Dorchester, Massachusetts

text: freeman

text: General Court

text: Speaker of the House

text: Springfield, Massachusetts

text: lower house

text: magistrate

text: judiciary

text: lieutenant

text: captain

text: major-general

text: militia

text: Massachusetts

text: Lancashire, England

text: Native American

text: Quakers

text: heretics

text: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

text: land speculators

text: New England

text: Dorchester North Burying Ground

text: selectman

text: treasurer

text: Court of Assistants

text: Court of Deputies

text: lower house

text: justice of the peace

text: Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company

text: trained band

text: militia

text: Samuel Gorton

text: Ann Hibbins

text: witchcraft

text: Nathaniel Hawthorne

text: The Scarlet Letter

text: Governor Bellingham

text: Mary Dyer

text: Wenlock Christison

text: "John Endicott"

text: Mohegans

text: Pequot War

text: Narragansetts

text: Capt. Miles Standish

text: Rhode Island

text: Rhode Island Historical Society

text: Roger Williams

text: Sachem

text: Uncas

text: Miantinomo

text: Hartford

text: Connecticut

text: Norwich

text: Pessicus

text: wampum

text: wigwam

text: praying Indians

text: Nipmuck

text: Christianity

text: John Eliot

text: Milton, Massachusetts

text: Hadley, Massachusetts

text: Connecticut

text: John Winthrop, Jr.

text: Huguenot

text: Boston Common

text: Joseph Besse

text: Governor Endicott

text: Hadley, Massachusetts

text: Susan B. Anthony

text: Robert Hutchings Goddard

text: King Leka

text: Alfred Lee Loomis

text: Henry Lewis Stimson

text: Raquel Welch

text: T. V. John Langworthy

text: Monhegan Tribe

text: Nipmuc Nation

text: Narragansett Tribe

text: Rhode Island Historical Society

text: Dorchester North Burying Ground

text: Humphrey Atherton at Find a Grave

categories: People from colonial Boston,Members of the colonial Massachusetts Governor's Council,1661 deaths,People of colonial Massachusetts

paragraph: Humphrey Atherton

paragraph: Major-General Humphrey Atherton, ( ca.1608 – September 16, 1661) an early settler of Dorchester, Massachusetts, held the highest military rank in colonial New England. He first appeared in the records of Dorchester on March 18, 1637 and made freeman May 2, 1638. He became a representative in the General Court in 1638 and 1639–41. In 1653, he was Speaker of the House, representing Springfield, Massachusetts. He was chosen assistant governor, a member of the lower house of the General Court who also served as magistrate in the judiciary of colonial government, in 1654, and remained as such until his death." He was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts and held the ranks of lieutenant and captain for several years before rising to the rank of major-general. He also organized the first militia in Massachusetts.

paragraph: It is unclear where and when Atherton was born. It is presumed he came from Lancashire, England. He was active in the governance of the colony, taking part in the acquisition of Native American lands, the persecution of Quakers, and the apprehension and convictions of heretics. His accidental death was seen by the Quakers as a punishment from God for his persecution of them, an idea repeated in a play by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. He was one of the most successful land speculators in the New England colonies. He and his wife, Mary, had a number of children and several New England families have traced their ancestry to them. He is interred at Dorchester North Burying Ground, one of the oldest cemeteries in New England.

paragraph: Section::::Origin and emigration.

paragraph: Humphrey Atherton's date and place of birth are uncertain. It has been presumed by some that he was born in Lancashire, England, because the name Atherton is prominent there. However, genealogist Robert Charles Anderson, in "The Great Migration", states that this "does not come close to constituting proof of origin." The date of 1608 is sometimes given as his date of birth because Edmund Atherton of Wigan Lancashire, England died in 1612 leaving, as his heir, a four-year-old son named Humphrey. However, Duane Hamilton Hurd, in "History of Norfolk County, Massachusetts" stated that Atherton was 36 years old when he died in 1661. On the other hand, Charles Samuel Hall in "Hall Ancestry", pointed out that when Atherton was made freeman and was granted property in 1638, "he must at that time reached his majority."

paragraph: A descendant of his, Charles H. Atherton, said that Humphrey Atherton, his wife and three young children arrived at the colony in the ship "James", August 7, 1635, but there is no record of this. His descendant further said that Atherton and his wife were each about 15 years old when they were married.

paragraph: There is a record of Nathaniel Wales having voyaged on the "James". Wales referred to Humphrey Atherton as his "brother-in-law" in his will, so it has been assumed that Atherton's wife, Mary, was Wales' sister. However, the term may have been used because Atherton's daughter, Isabel, was married to Nathaniel Wales, Jr. The identity of his wife is unknown.

paragraph: Section::::Political and military life.

paragraph: Atherton had a very active public life having power and taking part in the law making, enforcing and interpreting affairs of the colony. Subsequent to his acceptance as a freeman, in 1638, he was frequently selectman or treasurer, and for several years a member of the Court of Assistants which gave him a say in the appointment of governors as well as judicial power in criminal and civil matters. In 1638 and 1639–41 he was a governor's assistant in the General Court, and in 1653, he was Speaker of the House, leader of the Court of Deputies, which was the lower house of the General Court, representing Springfield, Massachusetts. He was also "long a justice of the peace, and solemnized many marriages". One of the marriages over which he officiated was that of Myles Standish, Jr. and Sarah Winslow.

paragraph: Atherton was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company and he organized the first trained band (militia) in Dorchester. As Major-General in the Suffolk Regiment, he was the senior military officer in New England. which included the responsibilities of subduing and controlling Native Americans and apprehending criminals, such as those accused of heresy.

paragraph: In 1644 he [Atherton] was sent, with Captains Johnson and Cook, to Narragansett to arrest and try Samuel Gorton for heresy. It is hoped that Gorton's complaint of his treatment was exaggerated, for he said, in passing through Dorchester. 'A large concourse of persons assembled with several ministers to witness the passage of the troops, and the prisoners were stationed apart and volleys of musketry fired over their heads in token of victory.'

paragraph: Section::::Political and military life.:Other persecutions.

paragraph: Harlow Elliot Woodword, in "Epitaphs from the Old Burying Ground in Dorchester," said that Atherton had believed in witches and "felt it to be a duty which he owed to God and to his Country to mete out to the poor creatures, against whom accusations were brought, the punishment, which, in his opinion, they so richly merited." Woodward said that, in his capacity as assistant, Atherton had been instrumental in bringing about the execution of Mrs. Ann Hibbins, a wealthy widow, who was executed for witchcraft on June 19, 1656. Hibbins was later fictionalized in Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter". In that book she was depicted as the sister of Governor Bellingham.

paragraph: Atherton was involved in the persecution of Quakers and there are two incidents in particular that the Quakers wrote about in relationship to Atherton. First, the case of Mary Dyer, a Quaker who was executed in 1660 after returning to Boston despite banishment. Atherton was assistant governor at the time, and at her hanging he was said to have remarked, "She hangs there like a flag." The Quakers understood this comment to be an insulting boast.

paragraph: Secondly, there was the case of Wenlock Christison, a Quaker who had repeatedly returned to Massachusetts despite banishment, whose trial in May, 1661 put an end to the execution of Quakers. He was sentenced to death, but the law was changed soon after, and he was not executed. He was the last Quaker to be sentenced to death in Massachusetts. The Quakers believed that during an altercation between the accused and Atherton at the trial, Christison prophesied the outcome of his trial as well as the circumstances of Atherton's untimely death. Quaker writer George Bishop wrote, "Yea, Wenlock Christison, though they did not put him to death, yet they sentenced him to die, so that their cruel purposes were nevertheless. I cannot forbear to mention what he spoke, being so prophetical, not only as to the judgment of God coming on Major-general Adderton, but as to their putting any more Quakers to death after they had passed sentence on him." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow recreated the Christison trial in his play "John Endicott" which included the damnation of Atherton by the accused.

paragraph: Section::::Relationship with Native Americans.

paragraph: Ebenezer Clapp, in "The History of Dorchester" said of Atherton, "He had great experience and skill in the treatment of the Indians, with whom his public duties brought him in frequent contact. He manifested much humanity and sympathy for their ignorant and degraded condition, but exercised great energy and decision of character when necessary." In 1637 the colonists had sided with the Mohegans in the Pequot War, which wiped out most of the Pequot people. By the early 1640s tensions were building between the Mohegans and the Narragansetts. "In 1645, the New England Colonies met by representatives to consult upon the Indian problem, and appointed a Council of War; Capt. Miles Standish, of Plymouth, was chairman. Mason of Connecticut, Leverett and Atherton of Massachusetts, were the other councilors".

paragraph: The New England colonies, with the exception of Rhode Island, formed a confederation called "The Four United Colonies of New England". Rhode Island, according to "The Proceedings of the Rhode Island Historical Society", 1881–1882, was excluded, not for reasons of religious differences, but because its founder, Roger Williams, had been banished from Massachusetts "for denying the right of the magistrates to take the lands of the Indians with out compensating the owners". The United Colonies obtained Narragansett lands within the boundaries of Rhode Island by putting in motion a series of events that began with their promise of aid to the Mohegan Sachem, Uncas, whom they had supported during the Pequot War, if he declared war against the Narragansett Sachem, Miantinomo. During the ensuing war, Miantinomo was captured and brought to the commissioners of the Four United Colonies at Hartford. "After obtaining him as a captive, they could find no excuse for putting him to death; and, to avoid the responsibility, they referred his case for decision to a convention of ministers in Boston; [sic] Winthrop states, 'Miantinomo was killed near Hartford by a blow on the back of his head with a hatchet.' "

paragraph: The Connecticut settlers demanded land from Uncas in return for their assistance to him. "Trumbull states, 'Mr. Leffingwell obtained nearly the whole township of Norwich for his services.'" Miantinomo's successor, Pessicus, declared war against Uncas and the colonies fined him 2000 fathoms of wampum for causing the hostilities, which he was unable to pay."

paragraph: Humphrey Atherton was sent by the commissioners of the Four Colonies, with twenty armed men, to enforce the payment. As stated in Arnold's history of Rhode Island (vol. i., p. 199), 'Atherton forced his way, pistol in hand, into the wigwam, and, seizing the Sachem by the hair, dragged him out, threatening instant death if any resistance was offered.' The debt was settled by Pessicus giving a mortgage of all his lands to the commissioners of the Four Colonies.

paragraph: In 1658, Atherton came into contact with Native Americans again when he was appointed by the General Court to the post of Superintendent of Indian Affairs, overseeing the praying Indians; Nipmuck Indians who had been converted to Christianity by John Eliot. He held that position until his death. "Though a terror to warlike Indians, yet he was the trusted friend of all who were well disposed, helping on their education and Christianizing, and guarding their rights, so that he had immense personal influence with them, and was a successful treaty-maker".

paragraph: Section::::Land speculation.

paragraph: Humphrey Atherton was a successful land speculator. The land he owned in Dorchester included a large portion of South Boston. He also owned a share in what became Milton, Massachusetts. The General Court awarded to him for his public service, but because some of it impeded the town on Hadley, Massachusetts, he was given a new grant that had an additional . Since he had represented Springfield in the General Court, he probably owned land in Springfield as well. When he died, his estate was worth 900 pounds, not including much of his land.

paragraph: Atherton "played a key role in fighting and removing Indians from land he later owned." In 1659, he and some friends, including Connecticut Governor, John Winthrop, Jr., made some purchases of land from Native Americans on the western side of Narragansett Bay for which Rhode Island had claimed. The group, referred to as the Atherton Company, circumvented Rhode Island's law by acquiring the land when the Natives defaulted on a loan.

paragraph: In 1660, commissioners of the Four Colonies, of whom John Winthrop, Jr. was one, transferred ownership of the mortgage of Pessicus's land to the Atherton Company for 735 fathoms of wampum. The Company then foreclosed on the mortgage. The land included the Narragansett property within the bounds of Rhode Island. Rhode Island found this transference of land to be illegal and prevented the sale of the land for several years. The company, which changed its name to "Proprietors of the Narragansett Country," eventually did sell of the land to Huguenot immigrants who began a colony there called Frenchtown. The Huguenots lost the land when, in 1688, a Royal Commission determined the Atherton claim to be illegal.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Humphrey Atherton died, September 16, 1661, from head injuries sustained in a fall from his horse. He was traveling through Boston Common, on his way home after drilling his troops when his mount collided with a cow.

paragraph: Woodward, aforementioned author of "Epitaphs from the Old Burying Ground in Dorchester," said that because of Atherton's persecution of the Quakers, "they believed his horrible death to be God's visitation of wrath." Woodword credits Joseph Besse, a Quaker author, with the following account of Atherton's death:

paragraph: Humfray Adderton, who at the trial of Wenlock Christison, did, as it were, bid defiance to Heaven, by saying to Wenlock, 'You pronounce Woes and Judgements, and those that are gone before you pronounced Woes and Judgements; but the Judgements of the Lord God are not upon us yet,' was suddenly surprised: having been, on a certain day, exercising his men with much pomp and ostentation, he was returning home in the evening, near the place where they usually loosed the Quakers from the cart, after they had whipped them, his horse, suddenly affrighted, threw him with such violence, that he instantly died; his eyes being dashed out of his head, and his brains coming out of his nose, his tongue hanging out at his mouth, and the blood running out at his ears: Being taken up and brought into the Courthouse, the place where he had been active in sentencing the innocent to death, his blood ran through the floor, exhibiting to the spectators a shocking instance of the Divine vengeance against a daring and hardened persecutor; that made a fearful example of that divine judgment, which, when forewarned of, he had openly despised, and treated with disdain.

paragraph: Longfellow repeated this sentiment in his account of Atherton's death in the final scene of "John Endicott". In the scene Governor Endicott, while speaking to Richard Bellingham, asks if it is true that Humphrey Atherton is dead. Bellingham confirms that he is and adds, "His horse took fright, and threw him to the ground, so that his brains were dashed about the street." Endicott responds, "I am not superstitions, Bellingham, and yet I tremble lest it may have been a judgment on

paragraph: him."

paragraph: Humphrey Atherton, whose wife, Mary died in 1672. is interred at the Dorchester North Burying Place in Boston. Engraved upon his tombstone are the following words:

paragraph: poem

paragraph: Here lies our Captain & Major of Suffolk was withall;

paragraph: A godly magistrate was he, and Major General;

paragraph: Two troop horse with him here comes, such worth his love did crave

paragraph: Two companies of foot also mourning march to his grave,

paragraph: Let all that read be sure to keep the faith as he has done

paragraph: With Christ he lives now crowned, his name was Humphrey Atherton./poem

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Humphrey Atherton and his wife, Mary, had twelve children. Jonathan was their first born and was probably born in England, as was Isabel, who married Nathaniel Wales, Jr. Elizabeth was married to Timothy Mather and Margaret was married to James Trowbridge. Mary was born 1636 and married to William Billings and Joseph Weeks. Rest was born 1639 and married Obadiah Swift. Increase was baptized February, 1641 and died at sea. Thankful was born 1644 and married Thomas Bird of Dorchester. Their son, Hope, was born 1646. He was minister of Hadley, Massachusetts and married Sarah Hollister. Their son, Consider, married Ann Anibal. Watching, who was born 1651, married Elizabeth Rigbee. Patience, born in 1654, married Issac Humphrey.

paragraph: Among the family genealogies that the Humphrey Atherton family are included in are "The History of the Dorchester Pope Family: 1634–1888," by Charles Henry Pope and "Hall Ancestry," by Charles Samuel Hall. George Caster Martin traced his ancestry to Atherton in his article "Humphrey Atherton: Founder of the Atherton Family of New England" in National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Volume 1, Issue 4. In the National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Volume 60, some of Humphrey Atherton's descendants are included in the Belcher Genealogy. In the same volume, Samuel Edward Atherton's ancestry was traced to Humphrey Atherton. William B. Task claimed descent from Atherton in the 1899 New England Historical Genealogical Register.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Notable descendants.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susan B. Anthony, woman-suffrage advocate and lecturer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Hutchings Goddard, rocket scientist and space pioneer, inventor of liquid-fueled rocket

paragraph: BULLET::::- King Leka I, King of the Albanians

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfred Lee Loomis, physicist and financier

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Lewis Stimson , U.S. Secretary of War

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raquel Welch ( AKA: Jo Raquel Tejada), entertainer

paragraph: BULLET::::- T. V. John Langworthy, songwriter singer

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monhegan Tribe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nipmuc Nation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Narragansett Tribe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rhode Island Historical Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorchester North Burying Ground

paragraph: BULLET::::- Humphrey Atherton at Find a Grave

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Wales from the files of Stephen M. Lawson

description: Military leader in Colonial America

wikidata_label: Humphrey Atherton

wikipedia_title: Humphrey Atherton


text:
Goa
Portuguese
Lisbon
Latin
Rhetoric
Saint Antão College
Benfica
Portuguese India
Surat
Luís de Camões
Ilha de Moçambique
Lusiads
plague
Almeirim
Tejo
António de Noronha
João de Barros

categories: Portuguese historians,1616 deaths,1540s births,People from Lisbon,Portuguese chroniclers,Portuguese Renaissance writers,16th-century Portuguese people,Maritime history of Portugal

paragraph: Diogo do Couto

paragraph: Diogo do Couto (Lisbon, c. 1542 – Goa, 10 December 1616) was a Portuguese historian.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Lisbon in 1542 (son of Gaspar do Couto and Isabel Serrão Calvos) and studied Latin and Rhetoric at Saint Antão College and philosophy at the convent at Benfica.

paragraph: In March 1559 (Armada of Pero Vaz de Sequeira) he traveled to Portuguese India. As a soldier he took part in the Surat campaign in March 1560, living in Baroche in 1563.

paragraph: He returned to Lisbon with D. António de Noronha in 1569.

paragraph: He was a close friend of the poet Luís de Camões, and described him in Ilha de Moçambique in 1569, as indebted and unable to fund his return to Portugal. Couto and other friends took it upon themselves to help Camões, who was thus enabled to take his most significant work, the "Lusiads", to the capital.

paragraph: Couto arrived in Lisbon on board the "Santa Clara" in April 1570, only to discover that the port was closed due to plague. Upon receiving permission from the King of Portugal (who he met in Almeirim), the ship docked in Tejo.

paragraph: Shortly after Couto returned to India in the Armada of D. António de Noronha he married Luisa de Melo in Goa, and worked in a supply warehouse.

paragraph: In 1595 Couto was invited to organize the Goa archive (being appointed "Guarda-Mor do Tombo da India"), and to continue writing the "Décadas" of João de Barros, a history of the Portuguese in India, Asia, and southeast Africa.

paragraph: In his lifetime the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th "Décadas" were published. After Couto died, his other works were in the hands of his brother-in-law, the priest Deodato da Trindade.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Decada Quarta" (Dos feitos que os portugueses fizeram na conquista e descobrimento das terras e mares do Oriente, em quanto governaram na India Lopo Vaz de Sampaio e parte de Nuno da Cunha), Lisboa 1602;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Decada Quinta" (Dos feitos...em quanto governaram na India Nuno da Cunha, Garcia de Noronha, Estevão da Gama e Martim Afonso de Sousa), Lisboa 1612

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Decada Sexta" (Dos feitos...em quanto governaram na India João de Castro, Garcia de Sá, Jorge Cabral e Afonso de Noronha), Lisboa 1614

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Decada Setima" (Dos feitos... em quanto governaram na India Pedro de Mascarenhas, Francisco Barreto, Constantino Conde de Redondo, Francisco Coutinho e João de Mendonça), Lisboa 1616;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Decada Oitava" (Dos feitos...em quanto governaram na India Antão de Noronha e Luis de Ataíde), Lisboa 1673 (edited by Joao da Costa e Diogo Soares);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Decada Nona" (written in 1614, and stolen, with the OITAVA);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Decada Décima" (Dos feitos...em quanto governaram na India Fernão Telles, Francisco de Mascarenhas e Duarte de Menezes), Lisboa 1778 *"Decada Undecima" (lost or stolen, during the lifetime of the author);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Decada Duodecima" ("Tratado os Cinco Livros da Década XII"), Paris 1645;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fala que fez em nome da Câmara de Goa ... a André Furtado Mendonça, em dia do Espírito Santo de 1609" (Lisboa 1810);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vida de Paulo de Lima Ferreira, Capitão Mor das Armadas do Estado da India"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Soldado Prático" (the original was stolen, and the author re-made it in 1610, and sent it to Manuel Severim de Faria), Lisboa 1790 (2nd ed. 1954, 3rd ed. 1980);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tratado de todas as cousas socedidas ao valeroso Capitão Dom Vasco da Gama primeiro conde da Vidigueira: almirante do mar da India: no descobrimento,e conquista dos mares, e terras do Oriente: e de todas as vezes que ha India passou, e das cousas que socederão nella a todos seus filhos", Lisboa 1998.

description: historian

wikidata_label: Diogo do Couto

wikipedia_title: Diogo do Couto


text:
opera
Tancredi Pasero
Ezio Pinza
bass
timbre
Giuseppe Verdi
EMI Classics
Cetra Records
Como
Jules Massenet
Manon
Teatro di San Carlo
Riccardo Zandonai
I cavalieri di Ekebù
Teatro Comunale di Bologna
Giacomo Puccini
Turandot
Boris Godunov
La Gioconda
Conchita
Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
Ildebrando Pizzetti
Lo straniero
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
La vedova scaltra
Licinio Refice
Cecilia
Franco Alfano
Cyrano de Bergerac
La Scala
Teatro Comunale Florence
Arena di Verona Festival
La Fenice
Teatro Colón
Metropolitan Opera
La bohème
Dorothy Kirsten
Jan Peerce
Frances Greer
John Brownlee
Cesare Sodero
La Gioconda
The Barber of Seville
Il trovatore
Lakmé
Lucia di Lammermoor
Aida
Un ballo in maschera
Rigoletto
Maggio Musicale Fiorentino
Gaspare Spontini
Olimpie
Royal Opera, London
Norma
Maria Callas
Lucrezia Borgia
La favorite
Banquo
Macbeth
Nerone
Dèbora e Jaéle
Il Guarany
La sonnambula
Luisa Miller
The Barber of Seville
Fidelio
Khovanshchina
Fra Gherardo
L'Africaine
Lohengrin
Iris
Simon Boccanegra
Mignon
Tannhäuser
Tristan und Isolde
Manon
Orsèolo
Margherita da Cortona
Andrea Chénier
Faust
Il re
Giuseppe Mulè
Dafni
La forza del destino
I Lombardi alla prima crociata
Don Carlos
Gianni Schicchi
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
William Tell
Boris Godunov

categories: 1901 births,20th-century opera singers,Operatic basses,20th-century Italian singers,Italian opera singers,1978 deaths

paragraph: Giacomo Vaghi

paragraph: Giacomo Vaghi (21 November 1901 - 29 April 1978) was an Italian opera singer who had an active international career from 1925-1956. Along with Tancredi Pasero and Ezio Pinza, he was one of the leading operatic basses of his generation. He possessed a rich voice with a dark timbre that drew him particular acclaim in the operas of Giuseppe Verdi. He appears on several complete opera recordings made with EMI Classics and Cetra Records.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Born in Como, Vaghi studied singing in Milan before making his debut in Jules Massenet's "Manon" at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples in 1925. He appeared in several roles at that house the following year, including the role of Sintram in the Naples premiere of Riccardo Zandonai's "I cavalieri di Ekebù". On 29 October 1927 he made his debut at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna as Timur in the house premiere of Giacomo Puccini's "Turandot". He sang several other roles in Bologna in successive months, including Pimen in "Boris Godunov", Alvise in "La Gioconda", and Garcia/Sereno in "Conchita".

paragraph: In 1928 Vaghi joined the roster of singers at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, serving as that house's leading bass through 1939. He sang a broad repertoire at that house, including appearances in the world premieres Ildebrando Pizzetti's "Lo straniero" (1930, King Hanóch), Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari's "La vedova scaltra" (1931, Innkeeper), Licinio Refice's "Cecilia" (1934, Bishop Urbano), and Franco Alfano's "Cyrano de Bergerac" (1936, Carbon). He also worked as a guest artist at numerous opera houses and opera festivals while based in Rome. He made appearances at La Scala (1929–1931), the Teatro Comunale Florence (1929–1930), Arena di Verona Festival (1931), the Teatro Communale di Bologna (1931), and La Fenice (1938) among others.

paragraph: From 1937-1941, Vaghi was a regular performer at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires. In 1945 he signed a contract with the Metropolitan Opera, making his debut at the house on 18 February 1946 as Colline in "La bohème" with Dorothy Kirsten as Mimì, Jan Peerce as Rodolfo, Frances Greer as Musetta, John Brownlee as Marcello, and Cesare Sodero conducting. He remained committed to that house for the next two and a half years, portraying Alvise in "La Gioconda", Don Basilio in "The Barber of Seville", Ferrando in "Il trovatore", Nilakantha in "Lakmé", Raimondo in "Lucia di Lammermoor", Ramfis in "Aida", Samuel in "Un ballo in maschera", and Sparafucile in "Rigoletto". In 1950 he appeared at the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino as Antigono in Gaspare Spontini's "Olimpie". From 1951 until his retirement in 1956 he was once again committed to the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma. In 1952 he appeared at the Royal Opera, London as Oroveso in "Norma" with Maria Callas in the title role; a performance which was recorded and released on record. He died in Rome in 1978 at the age of 76.

paragraph: Some of the other roles Vaghi created on stage were Alfonso in "Lucrezia Borgia", Baldassarre in "La favorite", Banquo in "Macbeth", Basilio in "Nerone", Blind man of Kinnèreth in "Dèbora e Jaéle", Cacio in "Il Guarany", Count Rodolfo in "La sonnambula", Count Walter in "Luisa Miller", Don Bartolo in "The Barber of Seville", Don Fernando in "Fidelio", Dosifey in "Khovanshchina", the Gentleman in "Fra Gherardo", the Grand Inquisitor in "L'Africaine", Heinrich der Vogler in "Lohengrin", Il Cieco in "Iris", Jacopo Fiesco in "Simon Boccanegra", Lotario in "Mignon", Herrmann in "Tannhäuser", King Marke in "Tristan und Isolde", Le Comte des Grieux in "Manon", Marco Orsèolo in "Orsèolo", Margherita's father in "Margherita da Cortona", Mathieu in "Andrea Chénier", Mefistofele in "Faust", The Miller in "Il re", Milone in Giuseppe Mulè's "Dafni", Padre Guardiano in "La forza del destino", Pagano/Hermit in "I Lombardi alla prima crociata", Philipp II in "Don Carlos", Simone in "Gianni Schicchi", Veit Pogner in "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg", and Walter Furst in "William Tell", and the title role in "Boris Godunov".

description: Italian opera singer

wikidata_label: Giacomo Vaghi

wikipedia_title: Giacomo Vaghi