text:
Spanish
artillery
captain
Dos de Mayo
French
Madrid
martyr
War of Independence
French Empire
Cantabria
Muriedas
Camargo
Alcázar de Segovia
Sub-Lieutenant
War of the Oranges
Portugal
Lieutenant
mathematics
ballistics
Junta
junta
barracks
Luís Daoíz de Torres
Congreso de los Diputados
Daoiz
last stand
Napoleon
national myth
Biography of Pedro Velarde

categories: 1808 deaths,1779 births,Spanish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,Cantabrian military personnel,People from Camargo, Cantabria

paragraph: Pedro Velarde y Santillán

paragraph: Pedro Velarde y Santillán (October 25, 1779 – May 2, 1808) was a Spanish artillery captain famous for his heroic death in the "Dos de Mayo" uprisings against the French occupation of Madrid. He became a popular hero and martyr figure for Spain's subsequent War of Independence from the French Empire.

paragraph: Born to a Cantabrian family in Muriedas, Camargo, Velarde enrolled in the Artillery College ("Colegio de Artillería") at the Alcázar de Segovia in 1793. He graduated near the top of his class and was promoted to Sub-Lieutenant in 1799. He fought in the War of the Oranges against Portugal in 1800 and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1801.

paragraph: Velarde returned to the Artillery College after the war and worked as an instructor of mathematics and ballistics, in which he became something of an expert. In 1806 he was made a secretary of the Artillery Corps' "Junta Superior Económica" and established himself in Madrid.

paragraph: When the mass uprisings broke out against the French occupiers on May 2, 1808, Velarde took up arms and rallied his men. Acting on orders from the local junta, Velarde led 37 soldiers to defend the Monteleón artillery barracks against the French. Velarde, along with his comrade Luís Daoíz de Torres and most of his soldiers, fell in the day's heavy fighting in which hundreds died. He was 28 years old.

paragraph: The name of one of the two lions standing at the Congreso de los Diputados is Velarde. The other lion's name is Daoiz.

paragraph: His body was recovered from the battlefield and carried off to a burial. Velarde's epic last stand, immortalized in artwork and monuments, assured him a central place in the pantheon of heroes from the national resistance to Napoleon that has since formed part of Spain's national mythology.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Pedro Velarde

alias:
Pedro Velarde y Santillan
Pedro Velarde

description: Spanish soldier

wikidata_label: Pedro Velarde y Santillán

wikipedia_title: Pedro Velarde y Santillán


text:
Ogasawara Hidemasa
Matsudaira Nobuyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Honda Tadamasa
Matsudaira Nobuyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Akashi Domain
Harima Province
Kokura Domain
Buzen Province
Miyamoto Musashi
Shimabara Rebellion
Christians
Hachisuka clan
Tokushima-"han"
Ogasawara clan

paragraph: Ogasawara Tadazane

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Tadazane was the son of Ogasawara Hidemasa (1569–1615) with Toku-hime, daughter of Matsudaira Nobuyasu and granddaughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu. He married Kamehime, daughter of Honda Tadamasa with Kamehime (daughter of Matsudaira Nobuyasu) and adopted daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

paragraph: Section::::Daimyo.

paragraph: Following the deaths of his father and elder brother in the Osaka Summer Campaign, his holdings were transferred from Akashi Domain (100,000 "koku") in Harima Province to the Kokura Domain (150,000 "koku") Buzen Province.

paragraph: Famed as the lord who employed Miyamoto Musashi's adopted son Iori, Tadazane took part in the Shogunate's campaign to quell the Shimabara Rebellion, where the Kokura forces assisted in the execution of survivors of the rebel force, predominantly Christians.

paragraph: Tadazane's son Tadataka succeeded him. Other children included Nagayasu, Naganobu, Sanekata, and three daughters (one of them adopted from the Hachisuka clan of Tokushima-"han").

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ogasawara clan

description: daimyo

wikidata_label: Ogasawara Tadazane

wikipedia_title: Ogasawara Tadazane


text:
Ill Niño
Terror Universal
Soulfly
Pro-Pain
M.O.D.
Merauder
Lȧȧz Rockit
Gothic Slam
Lima, Peru
New Jersey
Jay Baumgardner
Ron Saint Germain
Bob Marlette
Revolution Revolución
Disturbed
Godsmack
System of a Down
Sevendust
Slayer
Terror Universal
Nothing'$ $acred
Lȧȧz Rockit
Devolution
M.O.D.
Music for Nations
Blackout
Pro-Pain
Pro-Pain
Revolution Revolución
Ill Niño
Confession
One Nation Underground
Ill Niño
Enigma
Dead New World
Till Death, La Familia

categories: 1967 births,Heavy metal drummers,Peruvian musicians,Ill Niño members,Peruvian drummers,Living people

paragraph: Dave Chavarri

paragraph: Dave Chavarri is the founder, producer, manager, and drummer for the band Ill Niño, and Terror Universal. He is also the former drummer for bands Soulfly, Pro-Pain, M.O.D., Merauder and Lȧȧz Rockit, and Gothic Slam Chavarri is also the owner of entertainment company C.I.A Management, whose roster includes Ill Niño, Terror Universal, and others.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Chavarri was born in Lima, Peru, and moved to New Jersey at age 10.

paragraph: Since 2000, Dave has produced many bands including Ill Niño, Terror Universal, Exilia, Broom Hellda, May The Silence Fail, Violent Delight. Chavarri has worked with producers such as Jay Baumgardner, Ron Saint Germain and Bob Marlette.

paragraph: Ill Niño's debut album "Revolution Revolución" was released on September 18, 2001, and was produced and engineered by Chavarri. Chavarri has performed globally with such acts as Ozzy Osbourne, Tool, Disturbed, Godsmack, System of a Down, Sevendust, P.O.D. and Slayer.

paragraph: In 2015, Chavarri formed heavy metal band Terror Universal.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nothing'$ $acred" with Lȧȧz Rockit (1991, Roadrunner Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Devolution" with M.O.D. (1994, Music for Nations/Blackout)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pro-Pain" with Pro-Pain (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Revolution Revolución" with Ill Niño (2001, Roadrunner/Universal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Confession" with Ill Niño (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Nation Underground" with Ill Niño (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enigma" with Ill Niño (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dead New World" with Ill Niño (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Till Death, La Familia" with Ill Niño (2014)

description: Peruvian musician

wikidata_label: Dave Chavarri

wikipedia_title: Dave Chavarri


text: stock car racing

text: NASCAR

text: Richard Petty

text: Randleman, North Carolina

text: Charlotte Speedway

text: Daytona 500

text: inaugural race

text: Daytona International Speedway

text: Johnny Beauchamp

text: Joe Weatherly

text: photo finish

text: Oldsmobile

text: Ford Thunderbird

text: Chevrolet

text: Bill France Sr.

text: newsreel

text: Richard

text: Petty Enterprises

text: Johnny Beauchamp

text: The Glen

text: Richard Petty

text: Maurice Petty

text: Petty Enterprises

text: Kyle Petty

text: Adam Petty

text: Busch Series

text: New Hampshire International Speedway

text: Ritchie Petty

text: Dale Inman

text: International Motorsports Hall of Fame

text: Motorsports Hall of Fame of America

text: North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame

text: NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers

text: Richard Petty

text: NASCAR Hall of Fame

text: Petty Enterprises

text: Gary Drake

text: Carl Krueger

text: Fred Frazier

text: Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital

text: Greensboro, North Carolina

text: abdominal aortic aneurysm

text: Randleman, North Carolina

text: Winston Cup Series

categories: Deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm,NASCAR drivers,NASCAR Cup Series champions,20th-century American racing drivers,Petty family,People from Randleman, North Carolina,International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees,Burials in North Carolina,1914 births,2000 deaths,Richard Petty

paragraph: Lee Petty

paragraph: Lee Arnold Petty (March 14, 1914 – April 5, 2000) was an American stock car racing driver who competed during the 1950s and 1960s. He was one of the pioneers of NASCAR and one of its first superstars. He is also the father of Richard Petty, who went on to become one of the most successful stock car racing drivers of all time.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Petty was born near Randleman, North Carolina, the son of Jessie Maude (née Bell) and Judson Ellsworth Petty. He was thirty-five years old when he began racing. He began his NASCAR career at NASCAR's first race at the three-quarter mile long dirt track, Charlotte Speedway. He finished in the top five in season points for NASCAR's first eleven seasons, and won the NASCAR Grand National Series driver's championship three times. Petty was also the winner of the inaugural Daytona 500 in 1959.

paragraph: Section::::Controversies.

paragraph: Twice in his career, Petty was declared the winner of a race after scoring errors were discovered following the race. The two races were the 1959 Daytona 500 and the 1959 Lakewood 500.

paragraph: Section::::Controversies.:1959 Daytona 500.

paragraph: In the inaugural race at Daytona International Speedway, Petty battled with Johnny Beauchamp during the final laps of the race. Petty, Beauchamp, and Joe Weatherly drove side by side by side across the finish line at the final lap for a photo finish. Petty drove a 1959 Oldsmobile Super 88 (No. 42), while Beauchamp drove a 1959 Ford Thunderbird (No. 73) and Weatherly did so in a 1959 Chevrolet (No. 48), all coupés. Beauchamp was unofficially declared the winner, and he drove to victory lane. Petty protested the results, saying "I had Beauchamp by a good two feet. In my own mind, I know I won." It took NASCAR founder Bill France Sr. three days to decide the winner. In the end, with the help of the national newsreel, Petty was officially declared as the winner. His son Richard drove a 1957 Oldsmobile convertible (No. 43) and finished 57th out of the 59 starters after blowing an engine after eight laps.

paragraph: In a 1999 interview over the controversial finish, Petty expressed his belief that France Sr. knew Petty won, but purposely called Beauchamp the winner to intentionally cause controversy. Petty stated, "France would have done anything to generate publicity for his racetracks."

paragraph: Section::::Controversies.:1959 Lakewood 500.

paragraph: During a stock car race at Lakewood in Georgia, Petty's son Richard raced against Lee, a teammate to his father on Petty Enterprises. After a side-by-side duel with his father, Richard passed Lee with less than 10 laps to go and went on to win the race. It was one of Richard's first races and he became a first-time Cup series winner during his rookie year. Hours after the race was over, officials changed the official results after a protest was filed by Lee. Lee protested that Richard was actually one lap down and was credited with an extra lap. Richard was demoted to third and Lee was declared the race winner. In the days that followed, Lee was quoted as saying in a newspaper, "I would have protested my mother if I needed to."

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.:1961 Daytona 500 and career-ending crash.

paragraph: During the second race of the Twin Qualifying Events of the 1961 Daytona 500, Johnny Beauchamp lost control and caught Petty's bumper, sending both cars into the guardrail, which destroyed both Petty and Beauchamp's cars and tearing about 13 8-inch by 8-inch of the guardrail. Petty's car would also strike spectator A. B. Kelley who would suffer multiple cuts but would help evacuate Petty from the twisted metal. Petty and Beauchamp were no strangers to each other as they were previously involved in the first Daytona 500 finish which took place two years earlier. Petty suffered numerous life threatening injuries, including multiple fractures, internal injuries, and a punctured lung that forced him to stay in the Daytona Hospital for four months from the wreck. The crash ultimately led to the end of Petty's regular driving career, though he sporadically competed in later events; his final race took place in 1964 at The Glen.

paragraph: Section::::Petty Enterprises.

paragraph: He was the father of Richard Petty, who became NASCAR's all-time race winner. With sons Richard and Maurice Petty, he founded Petty Enterprises, which became NASCAR's most successful racing team. He was the grandfather of Kyle Petty, and the great-grandfather of Adam Petty, who died in a crash during a Busch Series practice session at New Hampshire International Speedway. He is also the grandfather of Ritchie Petty, who ran a few races in NASCAR. His nephew Dale Inman worked for Petty Enterprises as Richard's crew chief from the early 1960s until 1981 and during the 1990s.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1990, Petty was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was elected to the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was selected as one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers in 1998 along with his son, Richard Petty.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame on May 23, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Teams.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petty Enterprises (1949–1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gary Drake (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl Krueger (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fred Frazier (1956)

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Petty died at 4:50 a.m. on April 5, 2000 at Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital in Greensboro, North Carolina, at the age of 86, several weeks after undergoing surgery for an abdominal aortic aneurysm—a tear in the aorta vessel near the stomach that grows until cardiac arrest. Despite the surgery his condition deteriorated and he died of abdominal aortic dissection. He was buried at the Level Cross United Methodist Church Cemetery in Randleman, North Carolina. Lee died just three days after his great-grandson Adam made his Winston Cup Series debut. Who would pass away just 5 weeks later from a practice race crash.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lee Petty article from the International Motor Sports Hall of Fame

description: American racecar driver

wikidata_label: Lee Petty

wikipedia_title: Lee Petty


text:
Indo-Scythian
Gandhara
Pakistan
Azes I
Kushans
Yuezhi
Parthians
Gondophares
Kushans
Parthian
Kushans
Mardan
ancient Taxila
Bimaran casket
Jalalabad
Afghanistan
Mathura lion capital
Apraca
Kharahostes
Indo-Corinthian capital
Butkara Stupa
Buddhist
Brahman
Shiva
Athena
mudra
Kharoshti
triratna
Indo-Scythian
India
Azes
Azes I
Scythian
Ahir
Ancient India and Central Asia
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Indo-Parthian Kingdom
Kushan Empire
Tillia tepe
Yuezhi
Coins of Azes II
Coins of Azes II on wildwinds.com

categories: 1st-century BC Iranian monarchs,Indo-Scythian kings,12 BC deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Azes II

paragraph: Azes II (reigned c. 35–12 BCE) would have been the last Indo-Scythian king in Gandhara, western Pakistan. His existence has been questioned — would he not have existed, artefacts attributed to his reign, such as coins, would likely be those Azes I.

paragraph: After the death of Azes II, the rule of the Indo-Scythians in northwestern India and Pakistan finally crumbled with the conquest of the Kushans, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi who had lived in Bactria for more than a century, and who were then expanding into India to create a Kushan Empire. Soon after, the Parthians invaded from the west. Their leader Gondophares temporarily displaced the Kushans and founded the Parthian that was to last until the middle of the 1st century CE. The Kushans ultimately regained Mardan and ancient Taxila c. 75 CE, where they were to prosper for several centuries.

paragraph: Section::::Buddhist dedications.

paragraph: Section::::Buddhist dedications.:Bimaran casket.

paragraph: Azes II is also connected to the Bimaran casket, one of the earliest representations of the Buddha. The casket was part of the deposit of Stupa 2 in Bimaran, near Jalalabad in Afghanistan, and placed inside the stupa with several coins of Azes II. This event may have happened during the reign of Azes (35–12 BCE), or slightly later. The Indo-Scythians are otherwise connected with Buddhism (see Mathura lion capital and the multiple Buddhist dedications of the Apracas), and it is indeed possible they would have commendited the work. However it now thought that a later king, issuing coins in the name of Azes, such as Kharahostes, made the dedication.

paragraph: Section::::Buddhist dedications.:Butkhara stupa.

paragraph: A coin of Azes II was found under a pillar with an Indo-Corinthian capital and sculpture of a Buddhist devotee in the Butkara Stupa, suggesting the involvement of Azes II in Buddhist dedications, and a datation for the sculpture corresponding to the reign of Azes II.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: Coins attributed to Azes II use Greek and Kharoshti inscriptions, depict a Greek goddess as his protector, and thereby essentially follow the numismatic model of the Greek kings of the Indo-Greek kingdom, suggesting a high willingness to accommodate Greek culture. A novel difference of the Indo-Scythians was to show the king on a horse, rather than his bust in profile as did the Greeks.

paragraph: Other coins of Azes depict the Buddhist lion and the Brahmanic cow of Shiva, suggesting religious tolerance towards his subjects. In the coin depicted to the left Azes is depicted with the inscriptions:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obv: King with coat of mail, on horse, holding a scepter, with Greek royal headband. Greek legend ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΑΖΟΥ "The Great King of Kings Azes".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rev: Athena with shield and lance, making a hand gesture identical to the Buddhist vitarka mudra. Kharoshti legend MAHARAJASA RAJADIRAJASA MAHATASA AYASA "The Great King of Kings Azes", with the Buddhist triratna symbol in the left field.

paragraph: Azes II was long believed to have issued several of the Indo-Scythian coins struck under the name Azes in northern India. All these coins were however likely issued by a single ruler named Azes, as suggested by Robert Senior, when he found an overstrike of a coin attributed to Azes I over a coin attributed to Azes II, suggesting that all the "Azes II" coins were not later than those of "Azes I" and that there was only one king in the dynasty named Azes. This idea had long been advocated by Senior with a number of indirect numismatic arguments, for instance in his encyclopaedia of Scythian coins.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahir

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancient India and Central Asia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indo-Greek Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indo-Parthian Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kushan Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tillia tepe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yuezhi

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Senior, R. C. (2008). "The Final Nail in the Coffin of Azes II." "Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society" 197 (2008), pp. 25–27.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shape of Ancient Thought. Comparative studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies" by Thomas McEvilley (Allworth Press and the School of Visual Arts, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Greeks in Bactria and India", W. W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Azes II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Azes II on wildwinds.com

wikidata_label: Azes II

wikipedia_title: Azes II


text:
New Haven, CT
electronic music
Colorado
Heavyweight Dub Champion
Liberation Movement
San Francisco, CA
Liberation Movement
Baltimore, MD
D.C.
McDaniel College
Carroll County Times
Government Issue
McDaniel College
Maryland
Grantham
Religious Studies
University of Colorado at Boulder
Boulder, Colorado
hip hop
reggae
Gold Hill, CO
KRS-One
apocalyptic
hip-hop
dubtronica
Colorado
LA Weekly
Westword
Westword
Bassnectar
Pop Matters
Donald Schultz
Yarinacocha
Pucallpa
Lightning in a Bottle
Symbiosis Gathering
Soriah
SORNE
What Are Records?
Bassnectar
Om Records
Freq Nasty
Heavyweight Dub Champion
Liquid Stranger
Heavyweight Dub Champion
Liquid Stranger
Heavyweight Dub Champion
Heavyweight Dub Champion
Westword
Westword
LA Weekly
Reality Sandwich
Everfest
Everfest
Heavyweight Dub Champion Youtube
Liberation Movement Facebook Page
Liberation Movement YouTube

categories: American electronic musicians,Dub musicians,American reggae musicians,Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area,1971 births,American experimental musicians

paragraph: Resurrector

paragraph: Resurrector (born Grant McDonald Chambers, May 10, 1971 in New Haven, CT) is an electronic music producer best known as founder of Colorado/San Francisco Dub Hop band Heavyweight Dub Champion and the ethnically diverse Liberation Movement. He is the co-producer of both Heavyweight Dub Champion studio albums and is main creator of the band's philosophical ideology defined by the "Last Champion Manifesto", a booklet included with the 2002 album, "Survival Guide For The End of Time". Chambers now lives in San Francisco, CA and performs and produces for Heavyweight Dub Champion and Liberation Movement, among others.

paragraph: Section::::Early Years.

paragraph: Chambers grew up mostly near Baltimore, MD, but lived in multiple countries where his father, a college professor, had visiting fellowships. As a teen, he promoted punk concerts and frequented the D.C. punk scene. His father, Dr. Robert H. Chambers III was president of McDaniel College from 1984–2000. In 1988, as a high school junior, he promoted a punk concert in the basement of the McDaniel College President's house. The event space was known as "The Dungeon" and the inaugural event was featured on the front page of the Carroll County Times. He went on to promote concerts with DC hardcore punk groups Government Issue and M.F.D. among others.

paragraph: Chambers attended University at McDaniel College in Maryland, Harlaxton College in Grantham, England and received a degree in Religious Studies from University of Colorado at Boulder.

paragraph: In 1995, while living in Boulder, Colorado, he founded hip hop reggae group "Roots Revolt". Many of the key players in "Roots Revolt" would later show up on Heavyweight Dub Champion recordings, including HDC co-founder Patch Rubin.

paragraph: Section::::Heavyweight Dub Champion.

paragraph: Heavyweight Dub Champion was founded in Gold Hill, CO in 1997 and played its first show on October 31, 1997. In 2005, the band relocated to San Francisco. With Heavyweight Dub Champion, Chambers has produced two albums as Resurrector, 2002's "Survival Guide For The End of Time" and 2009's "Rise of the Champion Nation", featuring multiple tracks with KRS-One. HDC has performed throughout the US, Canada and Europe. As described by Marquee Magazine, "The live performance is referred to as the ‘Liberation Process’ because it's intended that the music can put the audience in something like a vibratory trance and can remove layers of deception through the music." According to a review in the La Weekly, "Their genius is the great virtue of ’70s dub: never overdoing it." Another review says HDC, "sounds something like hip-hop colliding with dub inside the eye of an electronica hurricane."

paragraph: Section::::Heavyweight Dub Champion.:Survival Guide For The End Of Time.

paragraph: In 2002, HDC released their debut album, "Survival Guide For The End of Time"- "an ill-bent mix of industrial apocalyptic hip-hop dubtronica" that "aims to topple the foundations of modern-day Babylon" as well as offering "prescriptions for survival and victory in a tension-filled time." The album was recorded and mixed in Colorado and Los Angeles and "can safely be called a concept album". As described by Resurrector, "Survival Guide" "relates to the coming of the Last Champion, an interdimensional spiritual warrior, who is bringing people together throughout the world to try to elevate consciousness in a way that will focus people on the healing of themselves and the healing of the world, and help put people in a more offensive position."

paragraph: "Survival Guide" has an ambitious package including the band's credo, "Last Champion Manifesto", a 70-page booklet "detailing their mission of 'Unconditional Liberation of the Human Race,'” a poster by Jher 451 and sticker of their "protector" logo. As described by Denver's Westword Magazine, "Structurally, the record moves from the announcement of the battle to the rallying calls of the Last Champion's chosen army – followers who unite to liberate individuals and the Earth – to the eventual announcement of the Last Champion as a victor in the championship against predators who have put a stranglehold on humanity's innate desire to creatively seek truth, beauty, pleasure and power."

paragraph: Section::::Heavyweight Dub Champion.:Last Champion Manifesto.

paragraph: "Penned just hours after the arrival of the new millennium", the "Last Champion Manifesto" and included in "Survival Guide" is a 70-page document "steeped in allegory and at times reading like ancient scripture", according to The Source Weekly. The LA Weekly calls it a "bible/babble manifesto" and the Denver Westword refers to it as a "scripturally spirited rant." The Westword reports that, at an early age, Chambers received visions from the "Last Champion" during periods of "severe headaches and lengthy vomiting sessions." The "Last Champion Manifesto" serves as the ideological foundation of both the album "Survival Guide for the End of Time" and the band Heavyweight Dub Champion as a whole- "We're a concept band. Everything we do is related to the manifesto. Every album will be that way," says Chambers.

paragraph: There are seven chapters broken into mini-chapters named after the songs on "Survival Guide" and 2008's "Rise of the Champion Nation". Each album serves as a sort of soundtrack to elements presented in the booklet. Songs relate to actions such as the "Arrival", which was remixed by San Francisco's award-winning favorite Bassnectar, "Liberation Process", "Exorcism" and so on. Most of the themes relate to becoming a Warrior and the development of the "Last Champion's Chosen Army" known as "Champion Nation", which is also the name of the record label founded by Chambers.

paragraph: Section::::Heavyweight Dub Champion.:Rise Of The Champion Nation.

paragraph: Heavyweight Dub Champion's follow up album (a "limited edition" was released at shows in Fall of 2008) includes guest appearances and endorsements from KRS-One, who states in the title track, "Heavyweight Dub Champion restores all hope", Killah Priest and Brooklyn Dub pioneer Dr. Israel, in addition to the familiar cast of A.P.O.S.T.L.E. and others. The project was mixed by Bill Laswell's veteran engineer Oz Fritz and is mastered by industry favorite Brian Gardner. "Rise" is described by one reviewer as "a rock-opera (or hip-hop opera) of sorts – a concept album of the highest sorts – and almost cinematic in its mostly dark themes and structure."

paragraph: The album is conceptual following "the Warrior" from the Arrival, through Warrior Divination One, Two and Three, to emerge as King Of The Mountain and the eventual journey ends with Promised Land. Throughout the album the character of Emcee Vill is again beckoned to by "N.A.F. Agents" while on his quest to infiltrate Champion Nation and assassinate the Last Champion. Pop Matters describes the album as using "socially conscience and spiritual weapons of words to tell a story whose central plot leads to a philosophical and spiritual revival and a genuine awakening of the human spirit... (with) an apocalyptic and epic cinematic soundtrack."

paragraph: Reviewed by Derek Beres in the Huffington Post, he calls the album "A conversion, the ending of an era, a new dawn". He goes on, "Their hope might feel bitter to the taste, but only because they are correctly reflecting reality. By the glean of their astute and painstaking cultural observations, we are invited to join into their dance. It may require we pound our fists and wave our heads—their trance is fitful, not wistful... this band does achieve greatness." Music Connection Magazine describes the album as "A consortium of prophets heralding our doomed planet."

paragraph: Section::::Liberation Movement.

paragraph: Reality Sandwich calls Liberation Movement "a new collaborative music project that pushes the boundaries of human experience". Liberation Movement was developed out of experiences Chambers had working with the Shipibo Tribe in Peru. It was formed in 2010 in San Francisco. Chambers explains in an interview, "The project was seeded at the Temple of the Way of Light in the Peruvian Amazon, at which point I was recruited to work with and create recordings of shamans in traditional ceremonies in Peru. From that foundation, I wanted to start gathering artists and musicians that represent "archetypal gateways" ; veterans in different musical fields whose goal is to connect with the deepest life journey." He says he chose the name because "speaking the name is a revolutionary potential in and of itself.

paragraph: Resurrector explains his work in Liberation Movement:

paragraph: Section::::Liberation Movement.:Work with the Shipibo Tribe of the Peruvian Amazon.

paragraph: In 2010, Chambers "went to Peru to learn about how music and vibration are connected to shamanism". This led to him recording more than 25 indigenous singers from the Shipibo Tribe at the Temple Of The Way Of Light near Iquitos, Peru and produce and release the album "Onáyabaon Bewá – Messages from Mother Earth" by "Shamans of the Temple of the Way of Light".

paragraph: In 2014, in collaboration with Peruvian-based NGO Alianza Arkana and the Rubin Foundation, he led Liberation Movement to Peru with bandmates Sasha Rose, Noah King and filmmakers Mitch Schultz (Writer/Director of "DMT: The Spirit Molecule"), Donald Schultz and Jason Gamble Harter to document a concert and surrounding journeys to villages along the Amazon River. Mitch Schultz stated, "Cross-cultural interfaces are paramount for accessing indigenous knowledge through a modern lens, or in this case the musical experience of Liberation Movement."

paragraph: Section::::Liberation Movement.:"Jiwexon Axebo" Concert.

paragraph: On May 2, 2014, Liberation Movement collaborated on a concert with Peruvian-based NGO Alianza Arkana called "Jiwexon Axebo" in the Shipibo Tribe's language and "Cultural Revival" in English. They "performed to 600 indigenous Peruvians"in the town square of Yarinacocha in Pucallpa, Peru and had two indigenous shamans perform with them. Also performing at the concert was a local Cumbia orchestra called Sensacìon Shipibo. The event was described as "a progressive leap forward, bringing together cultures in a productive and creative light and working together for a common purpose- the preservation of the rainforest, its people and traditions."

paragraph: Section::::Liberation Movement.:Olivia Arévalo Lomas.

paragraph: Often heralded as the leader and "spiritual mother" of the indigenous Shipibo-konibo community, Maestra Olivia Arévalo Lomas who both performed and recorded with Liberation Movement was tragically murdered in April 2018 at her home. She is featured on the Resurrector produced album "Onáyabaon Bewá – Messages from Mother Earth".

paragraph: Section::::Liberation Movement.:Live Performance.

paragraph: Liberation Movement has received many accolades for its live performances and they have performed at festivals throughout the Americas including Lightning in a Bottle, Symbiosis Gathering, Sonic Bloom, Joshua Tree Music Festival, Envision in Costa Rica, Atmosphere Gathering in Canada and many others. A review by Everest.com of their performance at the Oregon Eclipse Festival in 2017 stated that Liberation Movement, "shone brightest among the Earth Stage's magnificent programming... Resurrector himself, Grant Chambers, provided a veritable séance in deep dubby beat-science... This was a spiritualized journey that burrowed many thousands of leagues beneath the Earth's surface, penetrating the consciousness of all who had assembled." Liberation Movement live performances often feature a wide variety of collaborators and guests from varied genres including Peruvian shamans, champion Tuvan throat singer Soriah, Butoh dance troupe Bad Unkl Sista, SORNE and many others.

paragraph: Section::::Ideology.

paragraph: Resurrector focuses on ideological perspectives in many of his interviews on behalf of his projects. He often speaks about music being "Sonic Shamanistic Alchemy" and the members of Heavyweight Dub Champion are often referred to as "Sonic Shamanistic Alchemists". He defines the process as, "basically taking a range of vibrational materials, from tribal instruments to electronic instruments, and manipulating them through devices like tape delays and old analog stomp boxes to try to find the personality of each piece... looking for particular voices, particular vibrations that would contribute to the spectrum of sound we're trying to bring forth, a spectrum of liberational revolutionary energy. Whatever we do with a sound, we have a specific mission: to change the chemistry of the planet leading to unconditional liberation of the human race."

paragraph: A defining quotation written by Resurrector that is often used to represent his projects is "the liberation process is in full effect". He describes the process in an interview with Reality Sandwich about Liberation Movement:

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Roots Revolt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "His Foundation is in the Holy Mountains" (1996). Live Blend

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Heavyweight Dub Champion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Whirlwinds of Revolt" – Voodoo, Sacraments, Oddities and Other Holy Anthems". (1998). Reggae on the Rocks Compilation. What Are Records?

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Survival Guide for the End of Time". (2002). Champion Nation Recordings

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Arrival" – Bassnectar Remix" (2006 & 2008). Bassnectar. Om Records & Organic Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Snared" – Freq Nasty vs. Heavyweight Dub Champion". (2008). Give Back Compilation

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rise of the Champion Nation – Limited Edition". (2008). Champion Nation Recordings

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Rise"" – Liquid Stranger and Heavyweight Dub Champion".(2011).Interchill

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Babylon Beast"" – Liquid Stranger and Heavyweight Dub Champion. (2011). Interchill

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Babylon Beast(feat. Killah Priest)"" – "In Defense: A Benefit for the Civil Liberties Defense Center, Vol. 1". Compilation. (2010). Autonomous Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Labyrinth in Dub – EP" Kraddy & Heavyweight Dub Champion. (2013). Minotaur

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Praise The Father" – "The Bloom Series Vol. 3: Ways of the Sacred Pt.2". 2013. Muti Music

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As Producer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Onáyabaon Bewá – Messages from Mother Earth". (2011). Shamans of the Temple of the Way of Light.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:General.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green, Joshua (1996). "Perfectly Revolting". Denver's Westword

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayo, James (2003). "Survival of the Chillest". Westword Magazine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burk, Greg (2006). "I Got Riddim- Dr. Israel and Heavyweight Dub Champion". LA Weekly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bookey, Mike (2006). "A Heavyweight Manifesto: Heavyweight Dub Champion and the art of soul maintenance ". The Source Weekly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oshlo, Lisa (2007). "Heavyweight Dub Champion move from Colorado to take music to the masses". The Marquee

paragraph: BULLET::::- Source Staff (2009). "Beyond Sonic Intentions: Heavyweight Dub Champion finally unleashes its second brain bending album". The Source Weekly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rivett, Deborah (2014). "Musical Liberation: Collaborative Cultural Convergence in the Amazon". Alianza Arkana

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keyframe Entertainment (2017). "Liberating The Masses: An Interview with Resurrector of Liberation Movement". Reality Sandwich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Getz, B. (2017). "The Standout Musical Performances of Global Eclipse Gathering". Everfest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Everfest Magazine / Getz, B. (2018). "Festival All-Stars: Liberation Movement". Everfest

paragraph: Section::::References.:Heavyweight Dub Champion Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Resurrector (2002). "Last Champion Manifesto". Champion Nation Recordings publisher

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heavyweight Dub Champion (2002). "Survival Guide for the End of Time". Liner Notes. Champion Nation Recordings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heavyweight Dub Champion (2008). "Rise of the Champion Nation – Limited Edition". Liner Notes. Champion Nation Recordings

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heavyweight Dub Champion Youtube

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liberation Movement Facebook Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liberation Movement YouTube

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Resurrector

wikipedia_title: Resurrector


text: Permanent Under-Secretary

text: Harold Wilson

text: Alec Douglas-Home

text: Edward Heath

text: Bishop's Stortford College

text: Christ Church, Oxford

text: London and North Eastern Railway

text: World War II

text: Royal Engineers

text: mentioned in despatches

text: Cairo

text: Foreign Office

text: Labour

text: Ernest Bevin

text: British Embassy in Washington

text: Cuban missile crisis

text: Rhodesia

text: Permanent Under-Secretary

text: Whitehall

text: life peer

text: crossbencher

text: BBC

text: Hawker Siddeley

text: Wellcome Foundation

text: Clerical Medical

text: S.G. Warburg

text: New Year's Honours

text: Order of the British Empire

text: Order of St Michael & St George

text: Life Peer

text: transcript

text: Obituary appearing in The Guardian

text: Obituary appearing in The Telegraph

text: Peerage entry

categories: Crossbench life peers,Chairs of the Joint Intelligence Committee (United Kingdom),People educated at Bishop's Stortford College,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Diplomatic peers,Members of HM Diplomatic Service,1913 births,Officers of the Order of the British Empire,BBC Governors,Royal Engineers officers,2000 deaths,British Army personnel of World War II

paragraph: Denis Greenhill, Baron Greenhill of Harrow

paragraph: Denis Arthur Greenhill, Baron Greenhill of Harrow (1913–2000) was the British Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Head of the Diplomatic Service from 1969 to 1973; a respected expert on the US, Europe and the Soviet Union, he was actively involved in setting postwar Britain's role in the world in a new direction, away from its imperial past and a compliant involvement with the United States towards a more active engagement in Europe. He served under three prime ministers, Harold Wilson, Sir Alec Douglas-Home and Edward Heath.

paragraph: Section::::Education and war record.

paragraph: Greenhill was educated at Bishop's Stortford College and Christ Church, Oxford. From 1935-39, he worked for the London and North Eastern Railway. During World War II, he served in the Middle East, Far East, India and North Africa. He was promoted colonel in the Royal Engineers and was mentioned in despatches twice.

paragraph: His wife, Angela (née McCulloch), whom he married in Cairo in 1941, died in 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He joined the Foreign Office in 1946 with the support of the Labour Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, who thought him an expert on oil transportation. He served as counsellor (and later minister) at the British Embassy in Washington, at the time of the Cuban missile crisis (1962) and the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy (1963). As Britain's special envoy to Rhodesia (1972, 1976) he sought unsuccessfully to end Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence. He was Permanent Under-Secretary (PUS) at the time of the accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities in 1973. His appointment as PUS had been regarded with scepticism by older hands in the Whitehall establishment.

paragraph: In the event, he was liked and respected by colleagues, his managerial skills were valued and his advice was highly regarded by ministers. Created a life peer in 1974, he sat as a crossbencher.

paragraph: His later years included roles as governor of the BBC and as a director of BAT Industries, Hawker Siddeley Group, Wellcome Foundation, Clerical Medical and General Life Assurance, S.G. Warburg and Leyland International.

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, honours and arms.

paragraph: In the 1942 New Year's Honours he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)

paragraph: In the Order of St Michael & St George he was appointed a Companion (CMG) in 1960, knighted as a Knight Commander (KCMG) in 1967, and promoted to Knight Grand Cross (GCMG) in 1972.

paragraph: On 31 January 1974 he was created a Life Peer as Baron Greenhill of Harrow, of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "More By Accident", York, 1992 - Sir Dennis' memoirs

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Denis Greenhill, Lord Greenhill of Harrow & transcript, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- FCO's Brief History of the Office of Permanent Under-Secretary of State and its Holders

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary appearing in The Guardian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary appearing in The Telegraph

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peerage entry

description: British engineer, civil servant, diplomat and politician (1913-2000)


text: poet

text: translator

text: Spanish Civil War

text: philology

text: Sylvia Plath

text: Dylan Thomas

text: E.M. Forster

text: Iris Murdoch

text: Mohsen Emadi

text: Salvador Espriu

text: Mercè Rodoreda

text: Maria Àngels Anglada

text: Maria Mercè Marçal

text: Olga Xirinacs Díaz

text: Creu de Sant Jordi

text: Premi d'Honor de les Lletres Catalanes

text: Montserrat Abelló

categories: Catalan translators,English–Catalan translators,Catalan–English translators,2014 deaths,Catalan poets,People from Tarragona,20th-century Spanish poets,1918 births,Premi d'Honor de les Lletres Catalanes winners

paragraph: Montserrat Abelló i Soler

paragraph: Montserrat Abelló i Soler (February 1, 1918 – September 9, 2014) was a Catalan poet and translator. During the Spanish Civil War, she lived in exile in France, England and Chile.

paragraph: Section::::Translations.

paragraph: Section::::Translations.:English to Catalan.

paragraph: A graduate in English philology, Abelló i Soler has produced a number of notable translations into Catalan of English writers and poets including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sylvia Plath

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dylan Thomas

paragraph: BULLET::::- E.M. Forster

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iris Murdoch

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mohsen Emadi

paragraph: Section::::Translations.:Catalan to English.

paragraph: Abelló i Soler has also produced translations from Catalan to English of writers including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salvador Espriu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mercè Rodoreda

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Àngels Anglada

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Mercè Marçal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olga Xirinacs Díaz

paragraph: Section::::Written works.

paragraph: Abelló i Soler has also written a number of books of poetry:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vida diària" ("Daily life") (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vida diària: Paraules no dites" ("Daily Life: Words not said") (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El blat del temps" ("The Wheat of Time") (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Foc a les mans" ("Fire in Hand") (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L’arrel de l’aigua" ("The Root of Water") (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Son màscares que m’emprovo" ("Masks of Sleep that I Try") (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dins l’esfera del temps" ("In the Sphere of Time") (1998) which won the Gold Critica Serra prize in 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Asseguda escrivint" ("Seated Writing") (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memoria de tu i de mi" ("Memories of You and Me") (2006)

paragraph: In 2002, her poetry was compiled in "Al cor de les paraules: obra poètica 1963-2002" ("In the Heart of Words: Poetic Works 1963-2002"), which in 2003 won several Catalan literary prizes.

paragraph: She has also contributed to anthologies of writing and poetry:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cares a la finestra: 20 dones poetes de parla anglesa del segle XX" ("Faces in the Window: 20 English Women Poets of the 20th century") (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cartografies del desig: Quinze escriptores i el seu món" ("Cartography of Desire: Fifteen writers and their world") (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memoria de l’aigua: Onze escriptores i el seu món" ("Memories of Water: Eleven writers and their world") (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paisatge emergent" ("Emergent Landscape") (1999).

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Creu de Sant Jordi" (the Cross of Saint George) for her work as a translator (1998).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Premi d'Honor de les Lletres Catalanes" (Catalan Letters Lifetime Achievement Award) (2008).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Montserrat Abelló at the Association of Catalan Language Writers (AELC). In English, Catalan and Spanish

paragraph: BULLET::::- Webpage devoted to Montserrat Abelló at LletrA (UOC), Catalan Literature Online) (English)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diccionari de la Literatura Catalana", 2008

description: Catalan poet and translator

wikidata_label: Montserrat Abelló i Soler

wikipedia_title: Montserrat Abelló i Soler


text:
Matthias Corvinus
Vladislaus II
Ferdinand I of Naples
Isabella of Clermont
Naples
Hungary
Székesfehérvár
seized Otranto
Blaise Magyar
Ancona
garrison
Bibliotheca Corviniana
Visegrád
John (János) Corvinus
fief
Keglevich
Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary
John Zápolya
Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary
Anne of Foix-Candale

categories: Bohemian queens consort,Medieval Italian nobility,1508 deaths,Austrian royal consorts,Jagiellonian dynasty,15th-century Italian people,Hungarian queens consort,1457 births,15th-century Italian architects

paragraph: Beatrice of Naples

paragraph: Beatrice of Naples (16 November 1457 – 23 September 1508), also known as Beatrice of Aragon (; ), was twice Queen of Hungary and of Bohemia by marriage to Matthias Corvinus and Vladislaus II. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I of Naples and Isabella of Clermont.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Beatrice received a good education at her father's court in Naples.

paragraph: She was engaged in 1474 and married Matthias in Hungary 22 December 1476: she was crowned Queen of Hungary in Székesfehérvár.

paragraph: The marriage secured an alliance between Hungary and Naples: In 1480, when an Ottoman fleet seized Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples, at the earnest solicitation of the pope he sent the Hungarian general, Blaise Magyar, to recover the fortress, which surrendered to him on 10 May 1481. Again in 1488, Matthias took Ancona under his protection for a while, occupying it with a Hungarian garrison. Beatrice exerted some influence in the policy of Hungary. She also had a cultural importance by introducing the Italian renaissance into the court of Hungary, an interest she shared with Matthias: she encouraged his work with the Bibliotheca Corviniana, built the palace Visegrád as a residence for the court, and created an Academy. She wished to participate in policy: in 1477, she accompanied Matthias during the invasion of Austria, and in 1479, she was present during the peace treaty between Matthias and Vladislaus II.

paragraph: In 1479, their relationship became tense when Matthias awarded his illegitimate son John (János) Corvinus with a fief and invited John's mother, Barbara Edelpock, to court. Matthias died before Beatrice ever conceded that his son János should be the rightful heir. Upon his death in 1490, Beatrice managed to keep a power position by the support of the Hungarian nobility and continue as queen of Hungary by marriage to the next monarch. After the death of Matthias Corvinus, she wrote a letter to Simon Keglevich; she addressed this letter to "king" Simon Keglevich, then only the commander of Matthias Corvinus. She offered him to become as a mother to his children. He declined this offer; he delivered this letter to the parliament, and he became the ambassador of the parliament to the king. She presided as a royal representative at the parliament where the next king was elected, with the Hungarian crown placed at her side. It is believed she could not control Janos and was claimed illegitimate by her second husband but these claims all cannot be verified nor can they be completely ignored.

paragraph: Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary wrote in the same year 1490 many letters with the same text to many of the Hungarian nobility. He wrote that Beatrice had written to him, that Matthias Corvinus and Beatrice had decided that Stephen Zápolya, the father of John Zápolya, should become the next duke of Austria after Matthias Corvinus.

paragraph: Beatrice married her second husband, Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary, in 1491. Beatrice had great support by the Hungarian nobility, and the nobility had demanded of Vladislav that he marry her. This marriage was yet again childless. Formally, the marriage was questioned, as her spouse was not granted a divorce from his first wife by the pope. Her husband claimed that he did not regard the marriage as legal, and that he had been forced to marry her against his will, and in 1493, a commission was issued to investigate. In 1500, the pope declared the marriage to be illegal, and Beatrice was forced to pay the costs of the trial. Beatrice returned to Naples, where she arrived in 1501, and in 1502 Vladislaus could marry Anne of Foix-Candale. Beatrice died in Naples.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Macek, "Tři ženy krále Vladislava", Mladá fronta, Praha, 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- kol. autorov, "Encyklopédia Slovenska", Veda, Bratislava, 1977

description: Queen Consort of Hungary and Bohemia

wikidata_label: Beatrice of Naples

wikipedia_title: Beatrice of Naples


text: Stockholm

text: KTH Royal Institute of Technology

text: Ragnar Östberg

text: Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts

text: Gregor Paulsson

text: Prince Eugen Medal

text: Eskilstuna

text: Bromma

text: Uggleviksreservoaren

text: Uggleviken

text: Västerbron

text: Tranebergsbron

text: Röda Bergen

text: Vasastaden, Stockholm

text: Stockholm-Bromma Airport

text: Kungsholmen

text: Hovet

text: Kockums

text: Malmö

text: Skåne län

text: Skatteskrapan

text: Dagens Nyheter

text: Uppsala University

text: Uppsala

text: photographs of Hedqvist's work

categories: People from Stockholm,1895 births,Swedish architects,Swedish urban planners,1977 deaths,Recipients of the Prince Eugen Medal

paragraph: Paul Hedqvist

paragraph: Paul Hedqvist (21 July 1895 Stockholm - 23 June 1977) was a Swedish modernist architect with many official commissions in Sweden through the 1930s, including housing projects, major bridges, many schools, and urban planning work. His practice evolved into designing office towers and at least one major stadium in the postwar 1950s. At one point he served as the city architect of Stockholm.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hedqvist studied at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and worked for Ragnar Östberg before opening his own office in 1924, with his partner David Dahl. Hedqvist became part of the functionalist movement developing in Sweden after Stockholm International Exhibition (1930), which he took part in. Through the war, from 1938 through 1948, he was professor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm.

paragraph: Hedqvist worked as a functionalist. Early in his career he took part in the 1930 Stockholm Housing Exhibition, organized by Gregor Paulsson, but Hedqvist chose not to join other Swedish architects in the "Accept!" movement. Instead he was awarded a good share of Sweden's high-profile state commissions in the 1930s, dams and housing projects and many schools and the Stockholm airport, working mainly in a rationalist style. There's evidence for a penchant for square proportions for window and facade design. The single most noticeable Modernist flourish is the brilliant cylindrical glass staircase for St. Erik's Gymnasium in Stockholm in 1939. Later in his career Hedqvist took credit for some of the tallest buildings in Sweden.

paragraph: He was awarded the Prince Eugen Medal for architecture in 1954.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- a portion of the housing exhibition at the Stockholm International Exhibition (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- municipal baths in Eskilstuna, 1932

paragraph: BULLET::::- terraced housing, in Ålstensgatan, Bromma, 1932

paragraph: BULLET::::- the poured-concrete Uggleviksreservoaren ("Uggleviken Reservoir"), in the forest Lilljansskogen near Lake Uggleviken at Norra Djurgården in north-eastern central Stockholm, 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- Västerbron and Tranebergsbron bridges, 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- a portion of the Röda Bergen housing project in Vasastaden, Stockholm, circa 1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- main terminal and other structures, Stockholm-Bromma Airport, 1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Erik's Gymnasium (School), Kungsholmen, 1939, with its distinctive glass-cylinder exterior staircase

paragraph: BULLET::::- the cable-supported Hovet stadium, formerly known as "Johanneshovs Isstadion", Stockholm, 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kockums Building, Malmö, Skåne län, circa 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Skatteskrapan ("Tax Scraper") office building, Stockholm, 1959, now converted into student apartments

paragraph: BULLET::::- the 27-floor slender landmark Dagens Nyheter Building, Stockholm, 1964, tallest building in Sweden from 1964 to 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, circa 1968

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- photographs of Hedqvist's work

paragraph: BULLET::::- Utopia & Reality, by Cecilia Widenheim, Eva Rudberg

description: Swedish architect

wikidata_label: Paul Hedqvist

wikipedia_title: Paul Hedqvist


text:
Cardinal
Milan
Andrea Alciato
Milan
Pavia
Charles Borromeo
Pius IV
bishop
datary
pro-camerlengo
Cardinal deacon
Santa Maria in Campitelli
Cardinal priest
Santa Susanna
Protector
Carthusians
Spain
Ireland
Holy See
Pius V
vice-penitentiary
grand penitentiary
Santa Maria degli Angeli

categories: People from Milan,Members of the Sacred Congregation of the Council,1522 births,Italian jurists,Italian cardinals,Carthusians,16th-century jurists,Cardinal-nephews,1580 deaths

paragraph: Francesco Alciati

paragraph: Francesco Alciati (2 February 1522 – 20 April 1580) was an Italian Cardinal.

paragraph: A native of Milan and a relative of Andrea Alciato, he became one of the most important law professors in Milan. His best-known student in Pavia was St Charles Borromeo. He excelled in science and literature and was a model of erudition. Under Pius IV he became a bishop, datary, pro-camerlengo, Cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Campitelli and Cardinal priest of Santa Susanna. He became Protector of the Order of the Carthusians and Protector of the kingdoms of Spain and Ireland to the Holy See. Under St Pius V he became vice-penitentiary and later grand penitentiary.

paragraph: He died in office and was buried in Rome in the Carthusian Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli.

description: cardinal

wikidata_label: Francesco Alciati

wikipedia_title: Francesco Alciati


text:
Eeklo
Ghent
Flemish
University of Ghent
Byron
Lamartine
Ghent
Bruges
Antwerp
Flemish movement
Ghent
Ghent University
Flemish literature
Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck

categories: 1847 deaths,Flemish writers,1805 births,Flemish activists

paragraph: Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck

paragraph: Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck (Eeklo, 9 November 1805 – Ghent, 19 March 1847) was a Flemish writer. He was of humble origin, but became extraordinary Professor at the University of Ghent. He started his career as a clerk, then became a judge, and school inspector before he came to teach at the university.

paragraph: In 1836, he published the poem "Het klavier" ("the keyboard"), but he made his actual debut in 1838, with the poems in "Bloemen mijner lente" ("flowers of my spring"). His initial work was strongly influenced by the English and French Romantic movement, and more specifically by Byron and Lamartine, in contrast to his later poems, which were rather pessimistic. With his "Drie zustersteden" of 1843, dedicated to the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Antwerp, which was called the poetic gospel of the Flemish movement, he achieved a breakthrough. In this trilogy he showed himself to be the best Flemish poet of his generation. In his, now somewhat exalted or melancholic, style he proclaimed his love for the Flemish people and his belief in their future.

paragraph: The Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat in Ghent was named after him. The Ledeganck Campus of sciences of Ghent University is located here.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flemish literature

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck (Dutch)

description: Flemish writer

wikidata_label: Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck

wikipedia_title: Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck


text:
Dendermonde
Ghent
Flemish
notary
University of Ghent
Ghent
Flemish movement
Flemish literature
van Duyse
Prudens van Duyse

categories: 1859 deaths,Flemish writers,Ghent University alumni,1804 births,Flemish activists

paragraph: Prudens van Duyse

paragraph: Prudentius van Duyse or Prudens van Duyse (Dendermonde, 17 September 1804 – Ghent, 13 November 1859) was a Flemish writer. He started his career a clerk of a notary, but afterwards studied law at the University of Ghent, where he graduated in 1832. In 1836, he became the archivist of the city of Ghent. He was a co-founder of the organization "De tael is gansch het volk" (E: language is the entire people) and was one of the pioneers of the Flemish movement. At the beginning of his literary career, he wrote so-called "national" poetry, but his actual debut was with the poem "Lofdicht op de Nederlandsche taal", which he wrote in 1829. He published his best poems in "Het klaverblad" (1848) and in "Nazomer" (1859).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dichtstuk over den heldenmoed der Vlamingen tegen de Fransschen betoond onder het bestuur van den graaf Guy van Dampière (1825)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Griekenland, lierzang. Waterloo, kantate (1826)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lofdicht op de Nederlandsche tael (1829)

paragraph: BULLET::::- De wanorde en omwenteling op den Vlaemschen zangberg (1830)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gedichten (1831)

paragraph: BULLET::::- De Gentsche waterbeul (1839)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vaderlandsche poëzy (1840)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anton Van Dyck, of De reis naar Italië (1841)

paragraph: BULLET::::- De spellingsoorlog (1842)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Godfried, of De godsdienst op het veld (1842)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Natalia (1842)

paragraph: BULLET::::- De zang van den Germaanschen slaaf (1848)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Het klaverblad. Romancen, legenden, sagen (1848)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gedichtjes voor kinderen (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nieuwe kindergedichten (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Verhandeling over den Nederlandschen dichtbouw (1854, 2 volumes)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Van Artevelde (1859)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nagelaten gedichten (1882-1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bloemlezing uit zijn dichtwerk (1942)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flemish literature

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- van Duyse (Dutch)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prudens van Duyse (Dutch)

description: writer

wikidata_label: Prudens van Duyse

wikipedia_title: Prudens van Duyse


text: Okayama Prefecture

text: Imperial Japanese Army Academy

text: Army War College

text: Imperial Guard's

text: Russo–Japanese War

text: Great Britain

text: military attaché

text: Western Front

text: World War I

text: IJA 3rd Division

text: strategy

text: tactics

text: Imperial Japanese Army General Staff

text: 2nd Imperial Guards Brigade

text: Tokyo Bay

text: commanding officer

text: 6th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

text: China Expeditionary Army

text: Matsui Iwane

text: Peiking – Hankow Railway Operation

text: Japanese 10th Army

text: Battle of Shanghai

text: Battle of Nanking

text: World War II

text: IJA 59th Army

text: Chugoku

text: World War II

text: Chinese government

text: war crimes

text: Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal

text: Nanking Safety Zone

text: Miner Searle Bates

text: University of Nanking

text: Rape of Nanking

text: executed by firing squad

categories: People executed by China by firearm,1947 deaths,Nanjing Massacre perpetrators,Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War,Executed Japanese people,Japanese generals,People executed for war crimes,Japanese people convicted of war crimes,People from Okayama Prefecture,Japanese military personnel of World War II,People executed by the Republic of China,1882 births

paragraph: Hisao Tani

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tani, a native of Okayama Prefecture, graduated from the 15th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1903, and from the 24th class of the Army War College. He saw service as a second lieutenant in the Imperial Guard's infantry regiment during the Russo–Japanese War. Subsequently, he was posted to Great Britain as a military attaché from 1915–18, during which time he was an official observer for the Japanese government on the combat situation on the Western Front in World War I. After his return to Japan, from 1922–24, he was attached to 6th Regiment/IJA 3rd Division.

paragraph: In 1924, he became an instructor at the Army War College, and his texts on strategy and tactics during the Russo–Japanese War became required reading. From 1929–32, Tani was assigned to various posts in the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, and in 1932 he was made Chairman of Military Investigation. In 1933 he took command of the 2nd Imperial Guards Brigade; in 1934, command of the Tokyo Bay Fortress, and in 1935 command of the 9th Depot Division.

paragraph: From 1935–37, he served as commanding officer of the 6th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), which was assigned to the China Expeditionary Army in December 1937 under the overall command of General Matsui Iwane. The 6th Division fought in North China during the Peiking – Hankow Railway Operation. Shipped south with the Japanese 10th Army, it took part in the end of the Battle of Shanghai, and the Battle of Nanking.

paragraph: Returning to Japan at the end of 1937, Tani became Commander in Chief of the Central Defence Army until 1939 when he went into reserve and retired. In 1945, towards the end of World War II, Tani was recalled to active service and given command of the IJA 59th Army and Chugoku Army District.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Trial and execution.

paragraph: After the end of World War II, the Chinese government demanded that Tani be extradited to China to stand trial for war crimes at the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal. He was extradited to China in August 1946. Tani denied all charges, blaming Korean soldiers for the massacre.

paragraph: Hundreds of survivors as well as several foreigners who witnessed the atrocity from Nanking Safety Zone, including Miner Searle Bates from the University of Nanking, testified against Tani. He was found guilty of instigating, inspiring and encouraging the men under his command to stage general massacres of prisoners of war and non-combatants and to perpetrate such crimes as rape, plunder and wanton destruction of property, during the Battle of Shanghai, the Battle of Nanking and early in its occupation, the Rape of Nanking, and he was consequently executed by firing squad on 26 April 1947.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hsu Long-hsuen & Chang Ming-kai, "History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), 2nd edition (1971); translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing (address #33 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Higashinakano, Shūdō. "The Nanking Massacre: Fact Versus Fiction" (2005), Sekai Shuppan, Inc.; / (original Japanese edition: "Nankin gyakusatsu no tettei kensho" (1998), Tendensha, ; C0021)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yoshida Hiroshi "Tennou no guntai to Nankin jiken", 1998, Aoki shoten; .

description: Japanese general

wikidata_label: Hisao Tani

wikipedia_title: Hisao Tani


text:
Ali Mughayat Syah
Salahuddin
Samudra Pasai
Batak people
Fernão Mendes Pinto
Islam
Turks
Cambay
Malabar
Aru
Deli
Johor
Melaka Straits
Perlis River
Patani
Johor
Melaka Sultanate
Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor
Muzaffar II
Kedah
Ottoman
Süleyman the Magnificent
Indian Ocean
Gujarat
Arab
Turkish
Selim II
al-Mutahhar
Yemen
Goa
Bijapur
Golconda
Bidar
Ahmadnagar
Ali Ri'ayat Syah I
Sri Alam
Iskandar Muda
Ottoman expedition to Aceh
Aceh Sultanate
Spread of Islam in Indonesia

categories: 16th-century monarchs in Asia,Sultans of Aceh

paragraph: Alauddin al-Kahar

paragraph: Section::::Taking power.

paragraph: Alauddin was the son of Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah who founded the state in the early sixteenth century. After Sultan Ali's death in 1530, his eldest son Salahuddin ruled for a while but was inept to govern. The queen mother had great influence in the state and appointed a regent called Raja Bungsu who had a green payung (parasol), a symbol of authority, and a house opposite the royal abode. Meanwhile, Alauddin governed Samudra Pasai which had been conquered by Aceh in 1524. Being dissatisfied with conditions in the capital, he staged a royal coup in c. 1537 or 1539, killed Raja Bungsu, and imprisoned Salahuddin and the queen mother Sitt Hur. The prisoners died years later in 1548 and 1554, respectively. Alauddin now took the throne with the regnal title Sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah al-Kahar. In Acehnese tradition he is remembered as a great organizer of the Acehnese state. Thus he was supposedly the ruler who divided Acehnese society into administrative lineage groups ("kaum" or "sukeë"), but it is unclear whether this attribution is correct.

paragraph: Section::::Conquests on Sumatra.

paragraph: The campaigns of Alauddin began in 1539 when he waged war on the Batak people, who lived to the south of Aceh. The Portuguese traveler Fernão Mendes Pinto mentions that the sultan asked the king of the Bataks to convert to Islam, and attacked him when he refused. Pinto provides a long and picturesque account of the Bataks and their affairs with the Acehnese; it is doubtful from the point of view that no comprehensive Batak kingdom is known to other sources. The Acehnese army reportedly included contingents of Turks and men from Cambay and Malabar. After this campaign Alauddin attacked Aru, the later Deli. He killed the ruler of that place in 1539, but was then forced by the Johor army to withdraw in c. 1540. Aru subsequently belonged to Johor up to 1564.

paragraph: Section::::Enterprises against Melaka and Johor.

paragraph: The principal enemy was, however, Melaka, which was held by the Portuguese since 1511. There were both economic, political and religious reasons for the intense rivalry. At stake was the control of the trade through the Melaka Straits. In 1547, Alauddin personally participated in a night attack on Melaka. However, the Acehnese fleet was defeated at the Perlis River After the failure, Aceh returned to a comparatively peaceful state for a decade and a half. However, in 1564 he led a fleet of ships, ostensibly to go to Patani. Suddenly he ordered the course changed and instead assaulted Johor, the heir of the old Melaka Sultanate. The enterprise was completely successful; Johor was sacked and Alauddin brought its sultan, Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor, to Aceh where he had him killed. A Johor princess was married to the sultan. Instead of the deposed ruler, Muzaffar II was placed on the throne of Johor. With the defeat of Johor, Aru fell to Aceh and was entrusted Alauddin's son Abdullah. In January 1568 the sultan undertook another attack on Malacca. He personally led 15,000 troops and 400 Ottoman elite soldiers, using 200 bronze cannons. The Portuguese, surprised by the assault, applied for help from the Malay neighbours Johor and Kedah. They were nevertheless able to beat back the Acehnese before the Malay allies had arrived. At this occasion Alauddin's oldest son Abdullah of Aru was killed. The attitude of Johor enraged the sultan who burned many Johorese villages on his way back to Aceh. When Muzaffar of Johor was poisoned, Alauddin sent another fleet to Johor, but had to return due to the strength of Johor's defenses.

paragraph: Section::::The Turkish connection.

paragraph: In order to strengthen his case, Alauddin dispatched envoys to the Ottoman sultan Süleyman the Magnificent in about 1561-62, asking for assistance against the infidel Portuguese. At this time the predatory practices of Portuguese ships made the sea-road over the Indian Ocean dangerous for Muslim shippers. An alternative route for pepper trade therefore developed from about 1530, where Gujarati, Arab, Turkish and Acehnese traders brought spices directly from Aceh to the Red Sea without coming near the Portuguese strongholds. The Ottomans and Aceh thus had common interests to counter the Portuguese might on the oceans. Turkish gunners were sent to Aceh by 1564. The next Ottoman sultan, Selim II, showed enthusiasm for supporting the Acehnese. He equipped a fleet of fifteen galleys and two barques. However, before it could be dispatched al-Mutahhar's rebellion broke out in Yemen and the fleet had to be used there. Nevertheless, two vessels with munitions and military experts reached Aceh and the crew appears to have stayed in the service of Sultan Alauddin. Their participation in the 1568 campaign has been mentioned above. In a new sea battle with the Portuguese in 1570, the Acehnese likewise made use of Turkish arms. This campaign was apparently coordinated with the attack on Portuguese Goa by Bijapur, Golconda, Bidar and Ahmadnagar. The battle, which took place close to the main port of Aceh, was nevertheless a failure, and the Acehnese fleet suffered great losses. The superior artillery and more robust ships of the Portuguese explain part of the repeated Acehnese failures, which Turkish help could not make up for

paragraph: Section::::Family and death.

paragraph: According to the relatively trustworthy chronicle "Bustanus Salatin", Alauddin had five sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sultan Abdullah, ruler of Aru (d. 1568)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sultan Husain, later Sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah I (d. 1579)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sultan Mughal, ruler of Priaman, later Sultan Sri Alam (d. 1579)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sultan Abangta di-tangkap

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abangta Abdul Jalil, killed by his father due to excessive ambition; grandfather of Sultan Iskandar Muda

paragraph: Sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah al-Kahar died on 28 September 1571, as apparent from the inscription on his grave. He was succeeded by his son Sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah I. Although Sultan Alauddin was not actually militarily successful against Portuguese Melaka, his reign witnessed the beginning of the high tide of Aceh's power.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ottoman expedition to Aceh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aceh Sultanate

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spread of Islam in Indonesia

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critisch overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', "Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde", 65, pp. 135–265.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encyclopedia of Islam" (1960), Vol. 1. Leiden & London: Brill & Luzac.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hadi, Amirul (2004) "Islam and State in Sumatra: A Study of Seventeenth-Century Aceh". Leiden: Brill.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iskandar, Teuku (1958) "De Hikajat Atjeh". 's Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kalus, Ludvik & Claude Guillot (2013) 'La principauté de Daya, mi-XVe-mi-XVIe siècle', "Archipel" 85, pp. 201–36.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lombard, Denys (1967) "Le sultanat d'Atjéh au temps d'Iskandar Muda, 1607-1636". Paris: École francaise d'Extrême-Orient.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reid, Anthony (2010) 'Aceh and the Turkish Connection', in Arndt Graaf et al. (eds), "Aceh: History, Politics and Culture". Singapore: ISEAS, pp. 26–38.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ricklefs, Merle C. (1994) "A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300", Stanford: Stanford University Press.

description: Monrach

wikidata_label: Alauddin al-Kahar

wikipedia_title: Alauddin al-Kahar


text: Prussia

text: labour movement

text: Melbourne

text: Henry Lawson

text: Jack Lang

text: Prussia

text: Poznań

text: Poland

text: Melbourne

text: Bairnsdale, Victoria

text: Bairnsdale Shire Council

text: Henry Lawson

text: Labor Party

text: Jack Lang

text: Australian Labour Party

text: North Sydney

text: Trades Hall

text: Goulburn Street, Sydney

categories: Australian non-fiction writers,Australian feminist writers,19th-century Australian women writers,Naturalised citizens of Australia,German emigrants to Australia,1931 deaths,1853 births,Deaths from pneumonia,19th-century Australian writers,20th-century Australian women writers,Australian socialists

paragraph: Bertha McNamara

paragraph: Matilda Emilie Bertha McNamara (née Kalkstein, previously Bredt; 28 September 1853 – 1 August 1931) was an Australian political activist and writer. She was born in Prussia and arrived in Australia as a teenager. She became involved in the labour movement in the early 1890s, running a socialist bookshop in Melbourne and authoring numerous political pamphlets; she was eulogised as "the mother of the labour movement". She was the mother of eleven children, and her sons-in-law included the writer Henry Lawson and politician Jack Lang.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: McNamara was born on 28 September 1853 in Posen, Prussia (present-day Poznań, Poland). Her parents were Paulina Wilhelmina (née Berndt) and Karl Frederick Kalkstein, her father being a civil servant. When she was a teenager, "economic difficulties broke up the Kalkstein home", and she was sent to Australia to live with relatives. She arrived in Melbourne in 1869 and lived with an uncle for six months, subsequently moving to Bairnsdale, Victoria, to work as the governess for her aunt Mrs Drevermann. On 26 February 1872, she married Peter Hermann Bredt, a Prussian-born accountant who worked as the secretary for the Bairnsdale Shire Council. The couple had nine children, three of whom died in infancy; three sons and three daughters survived to adulthood.

paragraph: After being widowed in 1888, McNamara moved to Melbourne and began working as a travelling saleswoman, selling jewellery and sewing machines. She became a political activist and published "Home Talk on Socialism" (1891), one of Australia's first pamphlets on socialism. On 9 July 1892 she married William McNamara.

paragraph: In Castlereagh St, Sydney, she ran a boarding-house in conjunction with McNamara's Book and News Depot. Bertha McNamara, who has been called 'The Mother of the Labour Movement', carried on agitating for social reform for 25 years after the death of her second husband.

paragraph: In 1896, her daughter, also named Bertha, married Henry Lawson. Another daughter, Hilda, married prominent Labor Party politician Jack Lang.

paragraph: Section::::Affiliations.

paragraph: She was a member of the Social Democratic Federation of Australasia, Australian Labour Party, Labor Women's Central Organizing Committee and of Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: McNamara died of pneumonia at North Sydney on 1 August 1931. A bronze bas relief of Bertha McNamara, by Lyndon Dadswell, is located in Foyer of the Trades Hall (Goulburn Street, Sydney)

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commercialism and Distribution of the Nineteenth Century, Forgery and Workingmen's Homes, (1894).

paragraph: BULLET::::- How to Become Rich Beyond the Dreams of Avarice (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shylock Exposed, (1920).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paper Money (1910).

description: Australian writer

wikidata_label: Bertha McNamara

wikipedia_title: Bertha McNamara


text:
socialist
feminist
Paris Commune
First International
Karl Marx
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Sofia Kovalevskaya
Ludwig Büchner
Karl Vogt
Narodnik
Nikolai Chernyshevsky
Peter Lavrov
Narodnik
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Vladimir Onufryevich Kovalevsky,
Victor Jaclard
Paris Commune
Napoléon III
Paris Commune
Comité de vigilance de Montmartre
Louise Michel
Nathalie Lemel
André Léo
Paule Mink
Elisaveta Dmitrieva
Adolphe Thiers
Narodnik
Narodnaia Volia
Alexander II

categories: Russian revolutionaries,Russian socialists,People of the Paris Commune,Members of the International Workingmen's Association,1887 deaths

paragraph: Anne Jaclard

paragraph: Anne Jaclard, born Anna Vasilyevna Korvin-Krukovskaya (1843–1887), was a Russian socialist and feminist revolutionary. She participated in the Paris Commune and the First International and was a friend of Karl Marx. She was once courted by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, who published two of her stories in his journal. Her sister was the mathematician and socialist Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850–1891).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Anna Vasilevna Korvin-Krukovskaya came from a respectable, wealthy military family of aristocratic status. Her father was General Vasily Korvin-Krukovsky. Anna and her sister, the future mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya, were raised in an enlightened household. As young women they read the materialist literature then popular—books by Ludwig Büchner, Karl Vogt and others—and the writings of 'nihilist' and Narodnik social critics like Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Peter Lavrov. Both women became associated with radical Narodnik circles.

paragraph: In the 1860s, Anna was courted by the famous writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky. She met him in 1864, after publishing two stories in his literary journal, "The Epoch", unbeknownst to her family. Dostoyevsky respected her talent and encouraged her writing. However, the two were not politically compatible. Although Dostoyevsky had sympathised with utopian socialist ideas in his youth and had even been banished to Siberia for his involvement in the Petrashevsky circle, by the 1860s he was becoming increasingly religious and conservative. She rejected his proposal, but they remained on friendly terms for the rest of her life. It is thought that Dostoyevsky based the character of Aglaya Epanchina in "The Idiot" on Anna.

paragraph: In 1866 Anna Korvin-Krukovskaya went with her mother and sister to Geneva, Switzerland, where she associated with exiled radicals from Russia and elsewhere. In 1869, she left Russia under the pretext of being chaperoned by her younger sister, Sofia, who had undertaken a nominal marriage

paragraph: with a young Russian radical, Vladimir Onufryevich Kovalevsky, together with her husband. But, in fact, Anna went to Paris, and there met

paragraph: Victor Jaclard, a Blanquiste leader of the Montmartre contingent of the National Guard during the Paris Commune.

paragraph: Section::::The Paris Commune.

paragraph: The fall of Napoléon III in 1870 had enabled Jaclard to return to France, and the two of them entered into a common law relationship.

paragraph: Together with her common-law husband she participated actively in the Paris Commune of 1871. She sat on the "Comité de vigilance de Montmartre" (the Montmartre Committee of Vigilance) and on the committee supervising the education of girls; she was active in organising the food supply of the besieged city of Paris; she co-founded and wrote for the journal "La Sociale"; she acted as one of the representatives of the Russian section of the International and she participated in a committee on women's rights. She was convinced that the struggle for women's rights could only succeed in conjunction with the struggle against capitalism in general. Anne Jaclard, as she was then known, collaborated closely with other leading feminist revolutionaries in the Commune, including Louise Michel, Nathalie Lemel, the writer André Léo, Paule Mink and her fellow Russian, Elisaveta Dmitrieva. Together they founded the Women's Union, which fought for equal wages for women, female suffrage, mesures against domestic violence and the closing of the legal brothels in Paris.

paragraph: When the Paris Commune was suppressed by the Versailles government of Adolphe Thiers, Anna and Jaclard were arrested. He was sentenced to death, but she managed to escape to England, where she stayed at the home of Karl Marx. In October 1871, with the aid of Anna's father, who made a plea to Thiers, as well as her sister Sofia, and her sister's husband, Kovalevsky, Jaclard was rescued from his captivity, and spirited out of France, to Switzerland, where he and Anna officially married. Marx, who had taught himself Russian, was at the time very interested in the Russian revolutionary movement. Anna began, but did not complete, a translation of Volume 1 of Marx' "Capital".

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: In 1874, Anna and her husband returned to her native Russia. Victor found a job as a French teacher, and Anna worked primarily as a journalist and translator. She contributed to such oppositional papers as "Delo" and "Slovo". The Jaclards also resumed friendly relations with Dostoyevsky. Neither Dostoyevsky's earlier efforts at courting Anna nor their strong political differences with the Jaclards prevented cordial and regular contact between them. She occasionally assisted him with translations into French, in which she was fluent. Anne Jaclard also resumed her contacts with revolutionary circles. She was acquainted with several members of the Narodnik movement 'to the people' in the 1870s and with the revolutionaries who, in 1879, formed the group "Narodnaia Volia" ("The People's Will"). In 1881, this group assassinated the tsar, Alexander II. However, the Jaclards had left Russia by then, and were not caught up in the repression which followed. In 1880, a general amnesty enabled Anne and Victor Jaclard to return to France. There, they resumed their journalistic work. Anna Jaclard died in 1887.

paragraph: Section::::Sources and links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lantz, K.A., 'Korvin-Krukovskaia, Anna Vasilevna (1843–1887).' In: "The Dostoevsky Encyclopedia." Westport, 2004, pp. 219–221.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank, J., "Dostoevsky: The Mantle of the Prophet, 1871-1881." Princeton, 2002, p. 321 ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://chipluvrio.free.fr/gdes%20femmes/gdes-femmes4.html#jacl

description: Russian revolutionary and writer

wikidata_label: Anne Jaclard

wikipedia_title: Anne Jaclard


text: cricket

text: Wollongong

text: New South Wales

text: New South Wales

text: batsman

text: fast-medium

text: bowler

text: Ireland cricket team

text: Railway Union Cricket Club

text: Cricket World Cup

text: Sheffield Shield

text: Tasmania

text: Brett Lee

text: Michael Di Venuto

text: Queensland

text: Pura Cup

text: North Sydney

text: Sydney Grade Cricket

text: North Sydney Cricket Club

text: Adrian Birrell

text: Surrey

text: C & G Trophy

text: county

text: Northamptonshire

text: West Indies

text: MCC

text: Netherlands

text: Intercontinental Cup

text: European Championship

text: Scotland

text: 2005 ICC Trophy

text: Northern Ireland

text: Republic of Ireland

text: 2007 World Cup

text: 2005 Intercontinental Cup

text: UAE

text: Windhoek

text: Namibia

text: Kenya

text: One Day International

text: England

text: Namibia

text: World Cricket League

text: Division One tournament

text: Kenya

text: World Cup

text: Zimbabwe

text: Pakistan

text: Bangladesh

text: Friends Provident Trophy

text: hat-trick

text: Gloucestershire

text: I Zingari

text: 2009 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier

text: Twenty20 International

text: Cricket Ireland

text: England Cricket Board

text: County Championship

text: Alex Cusack

text: Ryan ten Doeschate

text: 2011 World Cup

text: Michael Yardy

text: NSW Blues

text: Sydney Sixers

text: Hong Kong national cricket team

categories: Cricketers from New South Wales,Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup,Australian cricketers,Irish cricket coaches,Australian cricket coaches,Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup,Irish cricketers,Irish cricket captains,Ireland Twenty20 International cricketers,Australian emigrants to Ireland,New South Wales cricketers,Ireland One Day International cricketers,People from Wollongong,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Trent Johnston

paragraph: David Trent Johnston (born 29 April 1974), usually known as Trent Johnston, is an Irish former cricketer. Johnston was born in Wollongong, New South Wales, and played his early cricket for New South Wales in Australian domestic competitions. A right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler, he later moved to Ireland, and made his debut for the Ireland cricket team in 2004. Johnston was subsequently named captain of Ireland, and was a regular fixture in the national team until his retirement in 2013. In Irish club cricket, he plays for the Railway Union Cricket Club. In October 2007, he published a book "Raiders of the Caribbean" (co-authored with Gerard Siggins) with The O'Brien Press which tells the story of Ireland's remarkable performances in the 2007 Cricket World Cup.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:New South Wales.

paragraph: Johnston made his first-class debut for New South Wales in a Sheffield Shield match against Tasmania in March 1999. He opened the bowling with Brett Lee who would make his debut for Australia later that year. Johnston's first wicket was that of Michael Di Venuto; he took one more wicket that day, but after play ended on the second day Johnston suffered a broken arm as the team coach drove off while he was climbing on. He played his only List A match for them in October that year, against Queensland. He played four Pura Cup matches for them in 2000 before his career took him to Ireland. New South Wales failed to notify Johnston that his contract had not been renewed and he was instead informed by a team-mate. He returned to club cricket where he represented Campbelltown, North Sydney, and Mosman, captaining the last.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Playing for Ireland.

paragraph: Johnston first played club cricket in Ireland in 1995 and returned for four more seasons, meeting his former wife Vanessa, with whom he had two children. He continued playing Sydney Grade Cricket for North Sydney Cricket Club, but qualified for an Irish passport and then-coach Adrian Birrell decided he might be a useful addition to the Irish side. He made his debut for Ireland on 5 May 2004 against Surrey in a C & G Trophy match that Ireland won, only their second win against a first-class county. He also played in the next match of the competition against Northamptonshire. Johnston's next appearances for Ireland were two matches against the West Indies in June, the second of which Ireland won. He then played against the MCC later that month, before making his first-class debut for Ireland against the Netherlands in the Intercontinental Cup. This was followed by the 2004 European Championship and a first-class match against Scotland. The main action for Ireland in 2005 was the 2005 ICC Trophy, hosted in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Johnston was in the Irish squad and they reached the final, losing to Scotland, but still qualifying for the 2007 World Cup.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Ireland captain.

paragraph: He was made Irish captain in time for the semi-final of the 2005 Intercontinental Cup against the UAE in Windhoek, Namibia. The match was drawn, but Ireland qualified for the final on bonus points. Ireland faced Kenya in the final, winning by six wickets. The following year started with several matches against English county sides before captaining Ireland in their first ever One Day International against England. He also played in the European Championship that year, which included ODIs against Scotland and the Netherlands. He also played in two Intercontinental Cup matches, against Namibia and Scotland.

paragraph: Johnston remained Irish captain for the World Cricket League Division One tournament in Kenya in January/February 2007 and for the World Cup, playing an Intercontinental Cup match against the UAE in between the two events. The World Cup provided Johnston with some of the high points in his cricket career, leading his team to a thrilling tie against Zimbabwe and hitting the winning runs against Pakistan to record one of the biggest upsets in cricket history. He also captained Ireland to a win over Bangladesh in the Super Eight stage of the tournament as Ireland finished eighth in the tournament. He remained captain of the Ireland side for their Friends Provident Trophy campaign in 2007 and took a hat-trick against Gloucestershire on 10 May 2007 which was only the second hat-trick for Ireland, the only previous one coming in August 1877 against I Zingari.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Rest and return.

paragraph: In March 2008 Johnston announced that he was stepping down as Ireland captain and taking a break from international cricket and would miss the 2008 Friends Provident Cup, though he would continue to play for Railway Union and expected to play for Ireland return later that year. Johnston explained the rest was to allow him to focus on his family life, his professional career, and allow his body to recover from various injuries. Though he remarked "I don't think I'm up to the strains of one-day cricket any more", he would go on to play more than 30 further ODIs. In July he was selected for Ireland's Intercontinental Cup fixture against Canada, but opted out of the one-day match. Ireland hosted the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier in early August. Johnston made his Twenty20 International debut during the tournament, which was also Ireland's first T20I match.

paragraph: Cricket Ireland announced their first central contracts for players in June 2009; previously the Ireland team had been made up of amateurs, aside from those players who could forge careers in the England Cricket Board's County Championship, and this was part of an initiative to make the sport more professional. Johnston and Alex Cusack were the two players given the contracts. Johnston won his 100th cap in the August 2009 ODI loss to England, when he was named Man of the Match, for 20 not out and bowling figures of 10–2–26–4. Johnston was one of seven Ireland players to be nominated for the 2009 Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year (there were fourteen nominees in all), although he did not make the 4-man short-list. In January 2010 the ICU

paragraph: In January 2010 Cricket Ireland expanded the number of players with central contracts to six, including Johnston. That year he was again nominated for the Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year Award, this time alongside two other Ireland players (there were 16 nominees in all); the award was given to Ryan ten Doeschate of the Netherlands. Johnston was selected in Ireland's 15-man squad for the 2011 World Cup. During Ireland's 3 wicket win against England on 2 March Johnston took his 50th ODI wicket when he bowled Michael Yardy and in the process became the first Irish bowler to do so.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Coaching.

paragraph: Johnston intends to move into coaching after he finishes playing, and with that in mind he accepted the head coach role with YMCA in 2012. In March the same year he left Railway Union to play for Sandymount. In June 2014 he was appointed as assistant coach to the NSW Blues and Sydney Sixers.

paragraph: In July 2019, Johnston was appointed as the head coach of the Hong Kong national cricket team.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of New South Wales representative cricketers

description: Irish cricketer

wikidata_label: Trent Johnston

wikipedia_title: Trent Johnston


text: Muromachi period

text: Ōmi Province

text: Hōjō Takatoki

text: Ashikaga Takauji

text: Kenmu Restoration

text: Emperor Go-Daigo

text: Ashikaga shogunate

text: shugo

text: waka

text: renga

text: Tsukubashū

text: Taiheiki

paragraph: Sasaki Takauji

paragraph: , also known by his religious name Sasaki Dōyō, was a Japanese poet, warrior, and bureaucrat of the Muromachi period.

paragraph: Born in Ōmi Province, Sasaki Takauji served the regent Hōjō Takatoki briefly, before aiding the "shōgun" Ashikaga Takauji in overthrowing the Kenmu Restoration (in which the Emperor Go-Daigo sought to regain real power) and establishing the Ashikaga shogunate. During his period of service to the shogunate, Sasaki Takauji served as "shugo" (military governor) of six provinces, and held a number of other important positions. He was also known for his "waka" and "renga" poetry, and contributed 81 of his poems to the first imperial anthology of renga, the Tsukubashū. He is portrayed in the epic "Taiheiki" as a paragon of elegance and luxury, and as the quintessential military aristocrat. He exemplifies the extreme of extravagant taste known as "basara" where "the love of the extraordinary and accumulation of objects was paramount", and hosted events such as the twenty-day-long flower viewing event at Oharano.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foster Father: Sasaki Sadamune (1287-1305)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Sasaki Muneuji

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Sasaki Munetsuna’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Nikaido Tokitsuna’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sasaki Hidetsuna (d.1353)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sasaki Hidemune by Nikaido Tokitsuna’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sasaki Takahide (1328-1391) by Nikaido Tokitsuna’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter married Akamatsu Norisuke

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter married Shiba ujiyori

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter married Rokkaku Ujiyori

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sasaki Takauji." (1985). "Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan," Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renga by Sasaki Dōyo: Selected from the Tsukubashū (Tsukuba Anthology), tr. by K. Selden, "Japan Focus" 14, 14, 6 (15 July 2016)

alias:
Sasaki Dōyo
Sasaki Doyo
Kyōgoku Takauji
Kyogoku Takauji
Kyōgoku Dōyo
Kyogoku Doyo

description: samurai of the Nanbokucho period

wikidata_label: Sasaki Takauji

wikipedia_title: Sasaki Takauji


text:
Norwegian
Nordic skier
Nordic combined
Holmenkollen ski festival
cross country skiing
Holmenkollen medal
Robert Pehrson
Holmenkollen medalists
Holmenkollen winners since 1892

categories: Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners,Holmenkollen medalists,Norwegian male cross-country skiers,1876 births,Norwegian male Nordic combined skiers,1963 deaths

paragraph: Paul Braaten

paragraph: Paul Braaten (23 March 1876 - 20 January 1963) was a Norwegian Nordic skier who won the Nordic combined at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1899. Braaten also won the men's 30 km cross country skiing events in 1900 and 1901. For his 1899 Nordic combined victory, Braaten earned the Holmenkollen medal (Shared with Robert Pehrson.)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holmenkollen medalists - click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holmenkollen winners since 1892 - click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file

description: Norwegian nordic skier

wikidata_label: Paul Braaten

wikipedia_title: Paul Braaten


text:
Norwegian
Nordic skier
Holmenkollen medal
Østre Aker
Oslo
Sauze d'Oulx
Italy
Paolo Kind
Bardonecchia
Bolgenschanze
Davos
Bad Ragaz
Trygve

categories: Sportspeople from Oslo,Holmenkollen medalists,1879 births,Norwegian male Nordic combined skiers,1977 deaths

paragraph: Harald Smith

paragraph: Harald Smith (born June 29, 1879 – May 1977) was a Norwegian Nordic skier who won the Holmenkollen medal in 1904.

paragraph: Smith was born in Østre Aker, a borough of the city of Oslo. After 1905 he moved to Sauze d'Oulx, Italy, and competed in the Italian Alps. In 1908, together with the Italian ski jumper Paolo Kind, Smith designed the first ski jumping hill of Italy in Bardonecchia, which was finished in 1909, and where he held a record of 43 metres. The hill was named "Trampolino Campo Smith" in honor of his success. He also kept the record of 45 metres on the Bolgenschanze in Davos (1909).

paragraph: Smith died in Bad Ragaz. His brother Trygve was also a notable ski jumper of his time.

description: Norwegian Nordic skier

wikidata_label: Harald Smith

wikipedia_title: Harald Smith