text: Dutch

text: vice-admiral

text: Dutch East India Company

text: Falkland Islands

text: Antwerp

text: Cologne

text: Amsterdam

text: Middelburg

text: admiral

text: Latinized name

text: Rotterdam

text: Jacques Mahu

text: Goeree

text: Dutch East Indies

text: Straits of Magellan

text: Simon de Cordes

text: Erasmus

text: Cape Verde Islands

text: scurvy

text: Annobón

text: São Tomé Island

text: Fortesene Bay

text: Ridres Bay

text: Patagonian

text: Chonos

text: Jacob Quaeckernaeck

text: Usuki

text: Bungo

text: Kyushu Island

text: Olivier van Noort

text: San Diego

text: Manila Bay

text: Azores

text: Goeree

text: Valparaíso

text: 80-year war

text: Dirck Gerritz Pomp

text: Dutch East India Company

text: Joris van Spilbergen

text: King of Kandy

text: Vimaladharmasuriya I

text: Kandy

text: Portuguese

text: Flanders

text: Batticaloa

text: Atjeh

text: cows

text: Galle

text: Senarat

text: Marcellus de Boschouwer

text: Magellan

text: Francis Drake

text: Pedro Sarmiento

text: Tome Hernandez

text: Anthony Knyvet

text: Theodore de Bry

text: Tierra del Fuegan

text: islands

text: Saunders Island

text: Jason Islands

text: Carcass Island

text: History of the Falkland Islands

text: Story of the ship "De Liefde"

categories: Explorers of South America,Admirals of the navy of the Dutch Republic,1567 births,Dutch people murdered abroad,17th-century Dutch military personnel,People from Antwerp,16th-century Dutch military personnel,17th-century Dutch explorers,16th-century Dutch explorers,1603 deaths

paragraph: Sebald de Weert

paragraph: Sebald or Sebalt de Weert (May 2, 1567 – May 30 or June 1603) was a Dutch captain and vice-admiral of the Dutch East India Company (known in Dutch as "Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie", VOC). He is most widely remembered for accurately plotting the Falkland Islands in 1600.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sebald de Weert was born in Antwerp, the sixth of 17 children of Johannes (Jan or Hans) Sweerts de Weert (b. 1538) and Clara (Claartje) Wonderer (1541–1595). The family soon (Jan 10, 1569) left Antwerp for Cologne, in Hans' own words to escape the "tyranny and persecution". In 1575/6 the family moved to Amsterdam, between 1579 and 1584 they were back in Antwerp, and by 1586 they lived in Middelburg. Sebald was originally employed as a ship's navigator with the VOC (in Middelburg?), and over the years worked his way up to vice admiral in the Dutch East India Company. He signed his name "Sebalt", but had the official Latinized name "Sebaldus", and has often been referred to in English and French as Sebalde" de Weert, and in Spanish and Portuguese as Sebaldo" de Weert.

paragraph: Section::::Expedition to the East Indies via the Straits of Magellan.:Crossing the Atlantic.

paragraph: Around 1598, several exploratory expeditions left Rotterdam for eastern discovery traveling in many different routes. On June 27, 1598, a voyage of five ships with 494 men under the command of Jacques Mahu and financed by Pieter van den Hagen and Johan van der Veken, two wealthy Dutch retailers, and equipped by Magelhaanse Compagnie, left Goeree (Holland), bound for the Moluccas, in the Dutch East Indies. They headed Southwest toward the Straits of Magellan in South America, intending to navigate the straits then turn Northwestern toward Asia.

paragraph: The ships with their (initial) captains were: "Hoop" ("Hope"), captained by Jacques Mahu, leader of the expedition; "Liefde" ("Love"), captained by Simon de Cordes, second-in-command; "Geloof" ("Believe"), captained by Gerrit van Beuningen; "Trouwe" ("Faith"), captained by Jurriaan van Boekhout; and finally "Blijde Boodschap" ("Good Tiding" or "The Gospel"), captained by Sebald de Weert. The "Blijde Boodschap" was better known as "Vliegend Hart" ("Flying heart") prior to this particular voyage. "Liefde" had been previous known as "Erasmus" and still had a figurehead of him.

paragraph: After leaving European waters the ships spent April 2 to September 29 at the Cape Verde Islands off the coast of Africa. Many of the crew of the "Hoop" caught fever there, with some of the men dying, among them Admiral Jacques Mahu. He died on September 23, 1598, leaving the expedition without its leader. Simón de Cordes replaced Mahu's command with Gerrit van Beuningen becoming vice-admiral. As such Van Beuningen was moved to the flagship which led to Sebald de Weert moving to relieve van Beuningen of command of the "Geloof". Due to an outbreak of scurvy, the vessels made a short diversion from December 16, 1598, to January 2, 1599, to take on supplies in Annobón an African trading island south of São Tomé Island. The flotilla finally crossed the Atlantic in January 1599 and reached the Straits of Magellan on April 7, 1599. Much to their dismay they found they were unable to sail for more than another four months due to strong adverse winds. The fleet wintered in the Fortesene Bay until August 23 and until August 28 in Ridres Bay. During this time around 120 more of the crew died due to the harsh weather and hostile Patagonian natives, even though the ships still had enough provisions at this time.

paragraph: Section::::Expedition to the East Indies via the Straits of Magellan.:Tough times in dire straits.

paragraph: On September 3, 1599, the Pacific was finally reached. The ships ran into more trouble as they were caught in a torrential storm with three of the vessels getting lost from the "Geloof" and "Trouwe", who never lost sight of one another during the storm and both wound up being swept back into the Straits of Magellan. When the "Geloof" finally lost sight of the "Trouwe", Captain De Weert found himself with a restless crew threatening to force a return home to the Netherlands. The "Trouwe" eventually found shelter from the weather at the Chilean island Chonos, where several of the crew including the group's new commander, Simón de Cordes, were eventually killed by natives. Those who survived never returned to Europe.

paragraph: Both the "Hoop" and the "Liefde" also met hostile natives, who were most likely mistaken for Spaniards. The natives killed both ships' captains and a large number of crew members. After the ships found one another they decided to head in the direction of Japan rather than the Moluccas. The "Hoop" was later lost in a vicious storm but the Liefde, commanded by a new captain, Jacob Quaeckernaeck, with a decimated crew, eventually managed to reach Usuki in the province of Bungo on Kyushu Island by April 19, 1600. The men were so physically weakened by the trip that only six of the remaining 24 survivors were able to even walk.

paragraph: Section::::Expedition to the East Indies via the Straits of Magellan.:The "Geloof" turns back to the Netherlands.

paragraph: Unlike his colleagues on the "Liefde", Sebald de Weert's ship never made it to Asia. He encountered the Dutch seafarer Olivier van Noort, who on his ship "Mauritius", would later become famous as the first Dutchman and only the fourth sea captain to circumnavigate the world. Van Noort would also be famous from the same journey as being the man who sank the Spanish galleon "San Diego" in Manila Bay.

paragraph: Van Noort was still on the first leg of his historic voyage and was also to be on a northwestern track so Sebald de Weert attempted to join forces with the two Van Noort vessels. But de Weert's ship could not keep up due to his crew being physically too weak and van Noort's ships being too fast. Nevertheless, both Van Noort and De Weert were eventually blown back eastward into the straits again where the two captains met for a second time. Having left Rotterdam with four ships Van Noort now had just lost two ships to terrible Straits of Magellan storms yet Van Noort was determined to press on across the Pacific. De Weert on the other hand hoped to strengthen his crew's physical condition prior to making another attempt at the Pacific. As such De Weert planned to sail his ship to the eastern part of the straits to hunt penguins in the "Penguin Islands". His plans did not come to fruition as strong winds blew the ship back east again. De Weert then decided to take his men back home to the Netherlands.

paragraph: On his way back, he sighted and tried to make landfall on the Falkland Islands (see below) in January 1600. The ship passed the equator in March 1600 and visited the Azores on June 6. Upon finally reaching the Netherlands (Goeree) on July 13, 1600, only 36 of the "Geloof"'s original 105 crew members were still alive.

paragraph: De Weert's original command, the "Blijde Boodschap", had been so short on supplies that, in November 1599, they were forced to sail into the Spanish port of Valparaíso in Chili. The Spanish being in the 80-year war with the Dutch, the ship was immediately confiscated and the crew imprisoned for a long period of time. In fact, the captain, Dirck Gerritz Pomp, who had once worked for the Portuguese in Japan and China voyages, was held as long as 1604 when he had finally been released to return home due to a Dutch-Spanish prison exchange.

paragraph: Section::::Ceylon voyage.

paragraph: Section::::Ceylon voyage.:Background.

paragraph: Sebald de Weert made at least one other important sea voyage, which would be his last. The Dutch made their first contact with Ceylon in June 1602, in the same year that the Dutch East India Company (V.O.C.) had been established in March. On May 31, Admiral Joris van Spilbergen arrived with three ships after a 12-month voyage. He visited the King of Kandy, Vimaladharmasuriya I in Kandy. The four-month visit was cordial and successful. The timing was right: the Portuguese colonialists had relegated the king to a virtual rebel leader in the inlands. They discussed the possibility that in exchange for Dutch military assistance to expel the Portuguese from the coastal areas, the Dutch would be able to trade cinnamon and pepper from the island. Reflecting the cordiality of the visit, Vimaladharmasuriya started to learn the Dutch language, saying that ‘Kandy is now Flanders’, while Spilbergen left two skilled musicians behind in the King's service.

paragraph: Section::::Ceylon voyage.:Visit to Kandy.

paragraph: De Weert arrived on 28 November 1602, two months after Spilbergen's departure, to follow through on implementing Spilbergen's negotiations. He had official Dutch backing with an offer to help Vimaladharmasuriya's forces. Like Spilbergen he landed at Batticaloa and was escorted on elephants to the city of Kandy. During this visit, it was decided that the Kandy troops and Dutch forces would launch a joint offensive on the Portuguese. On January 14, 1603, accompanied by a Kandy ambassador, De Weert traveled on to Atjeh and returned to Ceylon in April with six ships.

paragraph: Section::::Ceylon voyage.:Death at Batticaloa.

paragraph: En route to or near Batticaloa De Weert's fleet took four passing Portuguese ships, but then a number of events went wrong. In Batticaloa, the Dutch crew had shot several cows. Worse, De Weert released the Portuguese crews who had surrendered to the Dutch on the promise that their lives would be spared. These crews were sent off on two of their ships, while the King had demanded their execution. This greatly upset Vimaladharmasuriy and made him wonder if the Dutch were on the Portuguese side. He refused to inspect or even view the captured Portuguese ships. After heated discussions at a banquet dinner in Batticaloa about their joint forthcoming attack on Galle, De Weert, upset with the King's refusals and inebriated during the dinner, insulted him. The king ordered him imprisoned, calling out ‘’bandapan mé balla’’ (“bind that dog”). In the struggle, the King's men perhaps accidentally killed De Weert by a blow to the head. The King then ordered the few accompanying officers killed, as well as the 300 men who had come ashore but at the King's request had stayed on the beach. Just a few men who were able to swim to the ships survived. Though not accepting responsibility for the deaths of De Weert and his crew, the King eventually offered his apologies and the VOC sent the merchant Jacob Cornelisz later that year. He was treated well but was not offered the promised merchandise, returning with a letter from the King expressing hope for improved relationships.

paragraph: De Weert's death dealt a blow to any Kandy-Dutch alliance in Ceylon until the next king, Senarat, succeeded to the Kandyan throne in 1604. Once in power Senarat began again to solicit Dutch support. On 11 March 1612 a new Dutch envoy, Marcellus de Boschouwer, concluded a treaty of alliance with King Senarat. The king granted the Dutch extensive commercial concessions and a harbor for settlement on the east coast in return for a promise of armed assistance against any and all Portuguese attacks. Between 1640 and 1650 the Dutch completely ousted the Portuguese from Ceylon and ruled until 1796 when the British in turn replaced the Dutch and eventually took the whole island, including its holdout interior Kingdom of Kandy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Sebald de Weert's “unusual” natives".

paragraph: During De Weert's time in the Magellan Straits there were some anthropologically noteworthy events that are associated with him. One instance of which is that De Weert and several crew claimed to have seen members of a “race of giants” while there. De Weert described a particular incident when he was with his men in boats rowing to an island in the Magellan Strait. The Dutch claimed to have seen seven odd-looking boats approaching with were full of naked giants. These giants supposedly had long hair and reddish-brown skin. The Dutch claim to have shot three of the giants dead with their muskets before the giants finally retreated to the shore. On the shore the giants were apparently able to uproot trees from the ground to protect themselves from the musket fire and they waited with spears and stones so they could attack the Dutch intruders should they make a beach head. In fear of the giants, the Dutch dared not land.

paragraph: De Weert's claims to sightings of giants were not totally unusual for this region as Magellan also first recorded sighting them in 1520 in the straits at San Julian. It was also claimed that Magellan captured two male giants as specimens to return to Europe, but the giants died en route. These creatures were supposedly over three meters tall. Many others including Francis Drake, Pedro Sarmiento, Tome Hernandez, and Anthony Knyvet claimed to have seen giants in the Straits of Magellan with the last sighting have been at Cabo Virgines in 1764 by Commodore John “Foul Weather Jack” Byron. De Weert's expedition is the only one to have claimed to have witnessed aggressive behavior on behalf of the giants.

paragraph: Also according to Theodore de Bry (1528–98) in Part IX of his landmark "Historia Americae Sive Novi Orbis" (History of American Grand Voyages), Sebald de Weert reported how his crew had captured and imprisoned a Tierra del Fuegan mother with two children on the south side of the Magellan route heading eastward. While they released the mother and the younger child, they carried the older daughter forward to Europe, where she soon died. De Weert noted that the mother had fed the children on raw birds, which was an oddity well noted in de Bry's work.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Discovery of the Sebald or Falkland Islands.

paragraph: It was on his homeward leg back to the Netherlands after having left the Straits of Magellan that De Weert noticed some unnamed and uncharted islands, at least islands that did not exist on his nautical charts. There he attempted to stop and replenish but was unable to land due to harsh conditions. The islands Sebald de Weert charted were a small group off the northwest coast of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and are in fact part of the Falklands. De Weert then named these islands the “Sebald de Weert Islands” and the Falklands as a whole were known as the Sebald Islands until well into the 18th century. In 1766, the British settlers of Saunders Island renamed the small group of the NW that De Weert had plotted Jason Islands and Carcass Island after the vessels Jason and Carcass on which they had arrived. In Spanish these are still known as the "Islas Sebaldes" or "Sebaldinas" for short.

paragraph: Although Sebald de Weert is usually credited with first sighting the Falklands in 1598, both the Spanish and British claim their own explorers discovered the islands earlier. See History of the Falkland Islands for further reading.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Story of the ship "De Liefde"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Itinerary of Sebald de Weert's voyage to the South Sea and Magellan Strait

paragraph: BULLET::::- Image of the arrival of Sebald de Weert in Baticaloa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Image of the murder of Sebald de Weert in Baticaloa

description: Captain and vice admiral Dutch East India Company

wikidata_label: Sebald de Weert

wikipedia_title: Sebald de Weert


text: African American

text: Union Army

text: American Civil War

text: Medal of Honor

text: Norfolk, Virginia

text: private

text: Battle of Chaffin's Farm

text: division

text: Confederate

text: abatis

text: palisade

text: John Gregg

text: Texas Brigade

text: Sergeant

text: tuberculosis

text: Indianola

text: San Antonio National Cemetery

text: San Antonio, Texas

categories: People of Virginia in the American Civil War,People from St. Mary's County, Maryland,People of Maryland in the American Civil War,1866 deaths,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,19th-century deaths from tuberculosis,Union Army soldiers,African Americans in the Civil War,Infectious disease deaths in Texas,1840s births

paragraph: William H. Barnes (Medal of Honor)

paragraph: William Henry Barnes (c. 1840 or 1845-December 24, 1866) was an African American Union Army soldier during the American Civil War and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Barnes was born and raised in St. Mary's County Maryland and worked as a free tenant farmer there before enlisting in the Army from Norfolk, Virginia, on February 11, 1864. He joined as a private into Company C of the 38th United States Colored Infantry Regiment. His enlistment papers record his age as 23, implying a birth year of 1840 or 1841, but other sources give his birth as 1845.

paragraph: At the Battle of Chaffin's Farm, on September 29, 1864, Barnes' regiment was among a division of black troops assigned to attack the center of the Confederate defenses at New Market Heights. The defenses consisted of two lines of abatis and one line of palisades manned by Brigadier General John Gregg's Texas Brigade. The attack was met with intense Confederate fire; over fifty percent of the black troops were killed, captured, or wounded. Barnes was awarded the Medal of Honor for being "[a]mong the first to enter the enemy's works; although wounded." His medal was issued six months after the battle, on April 6, 1865, and he was promoted to Sergeant another three months later, on July 1, 1865.

paragraph: Barnes remained in the Army after the war, traveling to Texas with his regiment. He died of tuberculosis at an Army hospital in Indianola on December 24, 1866. A marker in his memory was placed in San Antonio National Cemetery, San Antonio, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Private, Company C, 38th U.S. Colored Troops. Place and date: At Chaffins Farm, Va., September 29, 1864. Entered service at:------. Birth: St. Marys County, Md. Date of issue April 6, 1865.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: Section::::United States Colored Troops Memorial Statue.

paragraph: William H. Barnes is specifically honored and memorialized by the United States Colored Troops Memorial Statue in Lexington Park, Maryland (in St. Mary's County, where he grew up and also worked as a farmer). The informational kiosk at the memorial mentions him specifically.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melvin Claxton and Mark Puls, "Uncommon valor : a story of race, patriotism, and glory in the final battles of the Civil War", (Wiley, 2006) ()

wikidata_label: William H. Barnes

wikipedia_title: William H. Barnes (Medal of Honor)


text: American

text: prelate

text: Catholic Church

text: Archbishop

text: Archdiocese of Santa Fe

text: Lamiggiga

text: Archdiocese of San Francisco

text: Archdiocese of San Francisco

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Diocese of Salt Lake City

text: Pope Francis

text: Michael Jarboe Sheehan

text: Archbishop of Santa Fe

text: San Francisco

text: California

text: Daly City

text: Mountain View, California

text: St. Patrick Seminary

text: Menlo Park

text: Master of Divinity

text: Master of Applied Science

text: University of San Francisco

text: Master of Arts

text: Holy Names College

text: Oakland, California

text: Archdiocese of San Francisco

text: San Francisco

text: Saint Raphael Parish

text: San Rafael

text: Marin Catholic High School

text: pastor

text: San Francisco

text: vicar

text: monsignor

text: Pope John Paul II

text: titular Bishop

text: Lamiggiga

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Archdiocese of San Francisco

text: episcopal vicar

text: vicar general

text: Salt Lake City

text: George Hugh Niederauer

text: Cathedral of the Madeleine

text: Roger Mahony

text: Theodore Edgar McCarrick

text: Papal Nuncio

text: Pietro Sambi

text: William S. Skylstad

text: Jon Huntsman, Jr.

text: Ross "Rocky" Anderson

text: Thomas S. Monson

text: Carolyn Tanner Irish

text: Episcopal Diocese of Utah

text: Pope Francis

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Fe

text: Ch'an

text: Zen

text: Asia

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: USCCB Bishop Listing

categories: Roman Catholic bishops of Salt Lake City,University of San Francisco alumni,1950 births,Archbishops of Santa Fe,People from San Mateo County, California,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,People from San Rafael, California,Living people,Holy Names University alumni

paragraph: John Charles Wester

paragraph: John Charles Wester, (born November 5, 1950) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church, the twelfth Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe.

paragraph: Pope John Paul II appointed him titular Bishop of Lamiggiga and auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of San Francisco. After becoming auxiliary bishop, Wester held the title of moderator of the curia until 2003. While he was episcopal vicar for clergy, Wester also served as vicar general of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. In 2007 Wester was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI the ninth bishop of the Diocese of Salt Lake City. On April 27, 2015 Wester was appointed by Pope Francis to succeed Michael Jarboe Sheehan as the twelfth Archbishop of Santa Fe.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and clerical formation.

paragraph: John Charles Wester was born in San Francisco, California, on November 5, 1950, the fourth generation of his family born there. Wester attended Our Lady of Mercy Parish School in Daly City, California.

paragraph: Wester graduated from St. Joseph's College Seminary, Mountain View, California, in 1972, and then attended St. Patrick Seminary, Menlo Park, where he earned a Master of Divinity degree in 1976. Wester went on to earn a Master of Applied Science (M.A.S.) from the University of San Francisco in 1984, and then a Master of Arts (MA) in spiritual theology at the Holy Names College in Oakland, California in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Priestly apostolate.

paragraph: Wester was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of San Francisco on May 15, 1976 at the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption in San Francisco. Three years later, in 1976, he was appointed Associate Pastor at Saint Raphael Parish in San Rafael. In 1979, he became a teacher and Director of Campus Ministry at Marin Catholic High School. Wester later went on the become President of the high school, and eventually was named Assistant Superintendent for High Schools. In 1988, he became Assistant to the Archbishop.

paragraph: Wester's first appointment as pastor was at Saint Stephen Parish in San Francisco in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopacy.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopacy.:Auxiliary Bishop of San Francisco.

paragraph: Wester returned to the Pastoral Center in 1997 to become the vicar for clergy, where he was named a monsignor. The following year, Pope John Paul II appointed him titular Bishop of Lamiggiga and an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of San Francisco. After his consecration on September 18, 1998, Wester served as moderator of the curia until 2003. While he was episcopal vicar for clergy, Wester also served as vicar general of the archdiocese.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopacy.:Bishop of Salt Lake City.

paragraph: He was installed as Bishop of Salt Lake City by Metropolitan Archbishop of San Francisco George Hugh Niederauer on March 14, 2007, at the Cathedral of the Madeleine. Attendees included Archbishop Roger Mahony of Los Angeles, Archbishop Emeritus Theodore Edgar McCarrick of Washington D.C., Papal Nuncio to the United States Archbishop Pietro Sambi, and Bishop William S. Skylstad of Spokane, President of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Utah Governor Jon Huntsman, Jr., Salt Lake City Mayor Ross "Rocky" Anderson, President Thomas S. Monson of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and Bishop Carolyn Tanner Irish of the Episcopal Diocese of Utah.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopacy.:Archbishop of Santa Fe.

paragraph: On April 27, 2015, Pope Francis appointed Wester as Archbishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Fe. He was installed on June 4, 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopacy.:Memberships and Special Responsibilities.

paragraph: Since his consecration, Wester has been involved with the USCCB as a member of the Bishops Committee on Vocations, Chairman of Northern California Ch'an/Zen-Catholic Dialogue, Consultant for the Subcommittee on Interreligious Dialogue, member of the Migration Committee, the Pastoral Practices Committee, World Mission Committee, the Subcommittee on Lay Ministry, and as the USCCB bishop-liaison to Asia.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- USCCB Bishop Listing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Professional and Business Club Biography of Wester

paragraph: BULLET::::- Announcement of Wester becoming Auxiliary Bishop

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diocese of Salt Lake City announcement of Wester becoming Bishop

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diocese of Salt Lake City Biography of Wester

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: John Charles Wester

wikipedia_title: John Charles Wester


text:
Nigerian
American football
Houston Texans
2007 NFL Draft
college football
Louisville
Anambra State
Nigeria
Igbo ethnic group
Huntsville
Alabama
United States
Lee High School
Madden NFL
Kansas City Chiefs
Christian Okoye
University of Louisville
Harvard
biology
psychology
true freshman
Tulane
UTEP
East Carolina
Army
West Virginia Mountaineers
Florida Atlantic
Kentucky
South Florida
Associated Press
Big East
NCAA's
Senior Bowl
Houston Texans
2007 NFL draft
AFL-NFL merger
Chicago Bears
2011 Chicago Bears season
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2012 NFL season
2012 Chicago Bears season
2013 NFL season
Dallas Cowboys
anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
medically induced coma
seizures
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Canadian Football League
ESPN.com profile
Dallas Cowboys bio
Chicago Bears bio
Houston Texans bio
Louisville Cardinals bio

categories: Igbo sportspeople,Houston Texans players,Nigerian players of American football,1987 births,Dallas Cowboys players,Living people,Tampa Bay Buccaneers players,Chicago Bears players,American people of Nigerian descent,American football defensive tackles,Sportspeople from Huntsville, Alabama,Canadian football defensive linemen,American people of Igbo descent,Louisville Cardinals football players,Sportspeople from Anambra State

paragraph: Amobi Okoye

paragraph: Amobi Okoye (born June 10, 1987) is a former Nigerian player of American football. He was drafted by the Houston Texans tenth overall in the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at Louisville.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Okoye was born in Anambra State, Nigeria, a member of the Igbo ethnic group. He moved to Huntsville, Alabama in the United States when he was 12 years old. After only spending two weeks in middle school, he tested into the 9th grade. He first started playing football as a sophomore at Lee High School, knowing virtually nothing about the game before his high school coach suggested he go play "Madden NFL" football to learn. By the time he was a senior, he won first-team All-State honors as both a defensive lineman and offensive lineman. Because he shares the same surname as former Kansas City Chiefs fullback Christian Okoye, some sources have claimed that the two are related. Amobi says they are not related, but the two families live on adjoining land in Nigeria.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: At age 15 Okoye chose the University of Louisville over Harvard, citing a desire to play for a strong football program.

paragraph: At Louisville, Okoye majored in biology. He later switched his major to psychology and graduated a semester early, thereby completing his degree in three and a half years. At 16, he became the youngest player in the NCAA. Okoye played in all 13 games as a true freshman at defensive tackle and was credited with 17 tackles and a sack. He recorded then-career-best three tackles against Tulane and recorded his first career sack against UTEP.

paragraph: As a sophomore, Okoye appeared in 11 of 12 games, recording 26 tackles and a sack. Okoye's only missed game was against East Carolina, because of a shoulder injury. Okoye also made his first collegiate start against Army, recording a career-high seven tackles.

paragraph: In his junior season of 2005, he recorded 23 tackles and four tackles for a loss. In the biggest game of the year, against the West Virginia Mountaineers, Okoye recorded four tackles. He missed the Florida Atlantic matchup due to a foot sprain. Against Kentucky, Okoye registered two tackles and a fumble recovery. Okoye also totaled three tackles against South Florida.

paragraph: As a senior in 2006, Okoye finally started all 13 games. In those 13 games, he registered 55 tackles, eight sacks, and recovered three fumbles. Okoye garnered Associated Press Second-Team All-American honors and first-team All-Big East honors. As the NCAA's youngest senior at 19 years old, Okoye garnered first-round draft status during the season.

paragraph: During the Senior Bowl, Okoye's stock rose dramatically with strong practice and game performances.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Texans.

paragraph: Okoye was drafted by the Houston Texans in the first round of the 2007 NFL draft. He is the youngest player to ever be drafted in the first round of the NFL Draft at only 19 years old. He was the highest draft pick to come out of the University of Louisville since the AFL-NFL merger.

paragraph: Okoye signed a five-year deal with the Texans on July 26, which allowed him to begin training camp with his teammates the next day. With his first start, Okoye became the youngest player to appear in an NFL game since 1967.

paragraph: Okoye was named Defensive Rookie of the Month for September 2007 after leading the AFC with four sacks. He is the youngest player ever to receive the award.

paragraph: On July 30, 2011, after four seasons in Houston, he was released.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Bears.

paragraph: Okoye signed with the Chicago Bears on July 30, 2011. During the 2011 Chicago Bears season, Okoye played 16 games with one start, recording four sacks and 27 combined tackles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

paragraph: Okoye signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on April 7, 2012. He was released by the team on August 31, before the start of the 2012 NFL season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Bears (second stint).

paragraph: Okoye returned to the Bears on August 31, 2012, and signed a one-year contract on September 3. He was waived on November 27, but was brought back on December 12. During the 2012 Chicago Bears season, Okoye played in nine games, recording one sack, one forced fumble, and 12 combined tackles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: After having missed the 2013 NFL season due to what was referred to at the time as an "undisclosed medical issue", Okoye signed with the Dallas Cowboys on May 16, 2014. On August 14, 2014, more details were revealed regarding his medical situation. Okoye had been diagnosed in March 2013 with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and had been placed in a medically induced coma to stabilize recurring seizures. He was cleared by doctors to play again, and is the first football player to attempt to come back from the disease.

paragraph: On April 8, 2015, Okoye was released by the Cowboys.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Saskatchewan Roughriders.

paragraph: In July 2016, Okoye signed a contract with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL), and was placed on the team's suspended (inactive) list. His contract with the team expired in February 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (podcast)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ESPN.com profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dallas Cowboys bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chicago Bears bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Houston Texans bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louisville Cardinals bio

description: American football defensive tackle

wikidata_label: Amobi Okoye

wikipedia_title: Amobi Okoye


text: African American

text: Union Army

text: American Civil War

text: Medal of Honor

text: Indiana County, Pennsylvania

text: Trumbull County, Ohio

text: private

text: 5th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment

text: Battle of Chaffin's Farm

text: first sergeant

text: division

text: Confederate

text: abatis

text: chevaux de frise

text: palisade

text: John Gregg

text: Texas Brigade

text: North Carolina

text: Fort Totten

text: desertion

text: Carolina City

text: Carnegie, Pennsylvania

categories: People from Trumbull County, Ohio,People from Indiana County, Pennsylvania,American slaves,1884 deaths,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Union Army soldiers,1838 births,African Americans in the Civil War

paragraph: James H. Bronson

paragraph: James H. Bronson (1838 – March 16, 1884) was an African American Union Army soldier during the American Civil War and a recipient of America's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bronson was born into slavery in Indiana County, Pennsylvania; it is unknown when he gained his freedom. [This is an erroneous statement. There is no indication from any county /federal documents or county historians that James H. Bronson was ever a slave. He was born and raised in Black Lick, Indiana Co., living on a farm. He went west to Ohio as many did in search of more opportunities.]Stewart, Sonja. Working Together:African American Migration and Settlement in Indiana County, Pennsylvania(thesis) In the 1860 census he was a resident of Weathersfield Township, (Trumbull County) OH and listed his occupation as that of a barber. His census record estimates his birth year as 1840. He enlisted in the Army from Trumbull County, Ohio, on August 3, 1863, at age 24 or 25. He joined as a private into Company D of the 5th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment.

paragraph: By the Battle of Chaffin's Farm on September 29, 1864, he had risen to the rank of first sergeant. Bronson's regiment was among a division of black troops assigned to attack the center of the Confederate defenses at New Market Heights. The defenses consisted of two lines of abatis, the first made up of felled trees and the second of chevaux de frise, followed by one line of palisades manned by Brigadier General John Gregg's Texas Brigade. The attack was met with intense Confederate fire and stalled after reaching a line of abatis. Many of the regiment's officers had been killed or wounded in the charge, including the regimental commander and all of Company D's officers. Bronson took command of Company D, rallied the men, and led a renewed attack against the Confederate lines. They successfully broke through the abatis and palisades and captured the Confederate positions after hand-to-hand combat with the defenders. For his actions during the battle, Bronson was awarded the Medal of Honor seven months later, on April 6, 1865.

paragraph: After the end of the war, the 5th Regiment was stationed in North Carolina, where Bronson's service was marred by disciplinary problems. He was imprisoned at Fort Totten on June 20, 1865 for unknown reasons. He was again in custody, this time for desertion, a day before he and the rest of the 5th Regiment were mustered out on September 20, 1865 in Carolina City.

paragraph: Bronson died at age 45 or 46 and was buried in Chartiers Cemetery, Carnegie, Pennsylvania.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: First Sergeant, Company D, 5th U.S. Colored Troops. Place and date: At Chapins Farm, Va., September 29, 1864. Entered service at: Delaware County, Ohio. Birth: Indiana County, Pa. Date of issue: April 6, 1865.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: Took command of his company, all the officers having been killed or wounded, and gallantly led it.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of African American Medal of Honor recipients

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melvin Claxton and Mark Puls, "Uncommon valor : a story of race, patriotism, and glory in the final battles of the Civil War", (Wiley, 2006) ()

wikidata_label: James H. Bronson

wikipedia_title: James H. Bronson


text:
zoologist
Valenciennes
natural sciences
École Normale Supérieure
Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers
Paris
ascidians
natural history
Lille
Institut industriel du Nord
Wimereux
Maurice Caullery
philosopher of science
Félix Le Dantec
Ernst Haeckel
Lamarckism
Darwinism
Société de biologie
Orsay
parasitic castration
Giardia lamblia
protozoan
parasite
Vilem Dusan Lambl
giardiasis
Orthonectida
Ophiurida
anhydrobiosis
poecilogony
larva
crustaceans
Epicaridea
isopods
Bopyridae
entomology
applied entomology
Société entomologique de France
INRA
Peyerimhoff, P. de
"Alfred Mathieu Giard"
Who Named It

categories: People from Valenciennes,Science teachers,1908 deaths,French entomologists,French carcinologists,French zoologists,Lamarckism,École Normale Supérieure alumni,University of Paris faculty,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,Université Lille Nord de France faculty,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,1846 births,Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium

paragraph: Alfred Mathieu Giard

paragraph: Alfred Mathieu Giard (8 August 1846 – 8 August 1908) was a French zoologist born in Valenciennes.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1867 he began his studies of natural sciences at the École Normale Supérieure, followed by work as "préparateur de zoologie" at the laboratory of Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (1821–1901) in Paris. In 1872 he defended his doctoral thesis with a study on compound ascidians titled ""Recherches sur les ascidies composées ou synascidies"". From 1873 to 1882, he was "professeur suppléant" of natural history at the faculty of sciences in Lille, and in the meantime, was also affiliated with the Institut industriel du Nord. In 1874 he founded a biological station at Wimereux in order to familiarize his students to marine and terrestrial organisms. At Lille, he is credited for putting together an excellent school of zoology.

paragraph: In 1887 he became a lecturer at the École Normale Supérieure, and from 1888 until his death, he was a professor at the faculty of sciences in Paris, holding the chair of "evolution of living organisms". Following his death, he was succeeded at the Wimereux station by Maurice Caullery (1868–1958). Among his numerous students and assistants was philosopher of science Félix Le Dantec (1869-1917). Giard was influenced by the work of Ernst Haeckel, and considered Lamarckism and Darwinism to be complementary theories. From 1904 to 1908 he was president of the Société de biologie.

paragraph: He died in Orsay on 8 August 1908, his sixty-second birthday.

paragraph: Section::::Research.

paragraph: He was especially interested in the relationship between host and parasite in nature (both plants and animals), and used the term "parasitic castration" to define sexual characteristic changes in the host as a result of the parasite, even when the sex glands of the host are not directly involved. He is credited for providing a description of "Giardia lamblia", a gastrointestinal protozoan parasite that is named after himself and Czech physician Vilem Dusan Lambl (1824–1895). The illness associated with the parasite is sometimes called giardiasis. In 1877 he was the first scientist to describe the phylum Orthonectida (parasites of Ophiurida).

paragraph: In 1894 he introduced the term "anhydrobiosis" (the ability of organisms to survive extreme dehydration). In 1905 Giard coined the word "poecilogonie" (poecilogony) to describe a phenomenon in which similar adults develop from dissimilar larvae in marine invertebrates.

paragraph: He is remembered for his extensive research of crustaceans, particularly Epicaridea (parasitic isopods) and members of the family Bopyridae. Amongst his very numerous publications are 300 devoted to entomology. He was a figure of importance in applied entomology in France and a member of the Société entomologique de France.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lhoste, J. 1987 "Les entomologistes français. 1750–1950". INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mathieu Guerriaud, « Etudier à l'école de pharmacie de Lille avec Alfred Giard au XIXe siècle», "Revue d'Histoire de la Pharmacie", vol. LXIII, no 386, 2015, p. 261-278

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peyerimhoff, P. de 1932 "La Société entomologique de France (1832–1931)". Soc. Ent. France, Livre du Centenaire, Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alfred Mathieu Giard" @ Who Named It

alias:
Alfred Giard
Alfred-Mathieu Giard
Giard

description: French zoologist

wikidata_label: Alfred Mathieu Giard

wikipedia_title: Alfred Mathieu Giard


text:
American football
quarterback
Minnesota Vikings
undrafted free agent
college football
St. Cloud State
New Orleans Saints
Green Bay Packers
Jacksonville Jaguars
St. Louis Rams
Baltimore Ravens
Ruthton, Minnesota
letterman
basketball
track & field
long jump
high jump
South Dakota State University
St. Cloud State University
North Central Conference
undrafted free agent
Minnesota Vikings
Daunte Culpepper
starting
2001 NFL season
Tennessee Titans
New York Giants
New Orleans Saints
Aaron Brooks
Jamie Martin
Drew Brees
Green Bay Packers
Aaron Rodgers
Jacksonville Jaguars
Quinn Gray
David Garrard
St. Louis Rams
Marc Bulger
Gus Frerotte
Jacksonville Jaguars
Baltimore Ravens
quarterback
Kyle Boller
injured reserve
John Beck
Jacksonville Jaguars
quarterback
Nathan Brown
Luke McCown
injured reserve
David Garrard
Trent Edwards
Kansas City Chiefs
Buffalo High School
Iowa State Cyclones.

categories: St. Cloud State Huskies football players,Barcelona Dragons players,Minnesota Vikings players,Green Bay Packers players,1972 births,St. Louis Rams players,Living people,Baltimore Ravens players,People from Pipestone County, Minnesota,American football quarterbacks,St. Cloud State Huskies men's basketball players,Jacksonville Jaguars players,South Dakota State University alumni,New Orleans Saints players,Players of American football from Minnesota

paragraph: Todd Bouman

paragraph: Todd Matthew Bouman (; born August 1, 1972) is a former American football quarterback. He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 1997. He played college football at St. Cloud State. Bouman also played for the New Orleans Saints, Green Bay Packers, Jacksonville Jaguars, St. Louis Rams and Baltimore Ravens.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Bouman was born in Ruthton, Minnesota, and attended Russell-Tyler-Ruthton High School (class of 1991) and was a letterman in football, basketball, and track & field. He won All-State honors in football and basketball, and in track & field, he qualified for the State Meet in both the long jump and the high jump.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Bouman initially attended South Dakota State University and transferred to St. Cloud State University in 1992. At St. Cloud State, Bouman lettered in football from 1993 to 1996. In his three years, he passed for 4,354 yards and completed 326 passes (including for 30 touchdowns). In his senior year, Bouman was an honorable mention All-North Central Conference selection. He earned his degree in sports sociology from St. Cloud State in 1997.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minnesota Vikings.

paragraph: Bouman signed as an undrafted free agent with the Minnesota Vikings in 1997. Bouman briefly replaced Daunte Culpepper as the Vikings starting quarterback toward the end of the 2001 NFL season after Culpepper was injured. In a game against the Tennessee Titans, Bouman completed 21 of 31 passes for 384 yards and four touchdowns and was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week. In 2002, Bouman took over again for Culpepper with the Vikings trailing the New York Giants 27-20 but could not complete a potential tying touchdown drive. After the game, Bouman expressed interest in becoming a starting quarterback.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New Orleans Saints.

paragraph: In 2003, the Vikings traded Bouman to the New Orleans Saints as a backup to Aaron Brooks. On December 14, 2005, after a loss on national television to the Falcons, the Saints benched Brooks and announced Bouman as the team's starter for the last three games of the season. The Saints lost all three games. Prior to the 2006 season, Bouman was released by the Saints in favor of Jamie Martin, who would back up newly signed starter Drew Brees.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Green Bay Packers.

paragraph: On November 21, 2006, Bouman signed with the Green Bay Packers to replace injured Aaron Rodgers as their second-string quarterback.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:First stint with Jaguars.

paragraph: On October 25, 2007, Bouman was signed to a one-year deal by the Jacksonville Jaguars as a backup to Quinn Gray, who was starting in place of an injured David Garrard.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:St. Louis Rams.

paragraph: Bouman then signed with the St. Louis Rams as insurance when starting quarterback Marc Bulger was out and backup Gus Frerotte went down.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Second stint with Jaguars.

paragraph: Bouman re-signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars in the 2008 offseason and attended training camp with the team. He was later released on August 30 during final cuts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Ravens.

paragraph: Bouman signed with the Baltimore Ravens on September 3, 2008 after quarterback Kyle Boller was placed on injured reserve. He was released by the team on November 1, only to be re-signed four days later.

paragraph: Bouman was re-signed by the Ravens on March 31, 2009. The Ravens released him again on May 1 after signing quarterback John Beck.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Third, fourth, fifth, and sixth stints with Jaguars.

paragraph: The Jacksonville Jaguars re-signed Bouman on May 4, 2009 following the release of undrafted rookie quarterback Nathan Brown.

paragraph: He was re-signed for a fourth time on September 21, 2010, when the Jaguars placed Luke McCown on the injured reserve. On 5 October 2010, the Jaguars released Bouman. On October 19, Bouman was re-signed after injuries to David Garrard and Trent Edwards. Bouman started for the Jags against the Kansas City Chiefs on October 24. Bouman played well, throwing for 222 yards, and 2 touchdowns, however he also threw 2 interceptions. He was re-signed again by the Jaguars on December 17. Bouman was re-signed once more on August 9, 2011, due to a back injury to starter Garrard. He was released on August 29.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: On March 19, 2014, the Buffalo-Hanover-Montrose School District in Minnesota announced Todd Bouman as the new head coach for the Buffalo High School program.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bouman and his wife, Courtney, have a daughter, Aivary, and a son, Aidan. Aidan will go on to play with the Iowa State Cyclones.

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Todd Bouman

wikipedia_title: Todd Bouman


text:
Duke of Bavaria
Stephen II
Elizabeth of Sicily
Frederick III of Sicily
Eleanor of Anjou
Charles II of Naples
Maria Arpad of Hungary
Stephen V of Hungary
Zayhan of Kuni
Cuman tribe
pagan
Béla IV of Hungary
Theodore I Lascaris
Anna Angelina
Eastern Roman Emperor
Alexios III Angelos
Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
Bavaria-Landshut
Stephen III
John II
Landshut
Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Bavaria-Munich
Albert I of Straubing-Holland
Quesnoy
Bourbourg
Charles VI
Isabeau de Bavaria
Amiens
archbishop of Salzburg
Swabia
Wenceslaus
Bohemia
Budweis
Henry
Berthold VII of Neuffen
Marco Visconti, Lord of Parma
Maddalena Visconti
Bernabò Visconti
Beatrice Regina della Scala
Henry XVI the Rich
Elizabeth
Ansbach
Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg
John Meinhard VII, Count of Gorizia

categories: 1339 births,Dukes of Bavaria,1393 deaths

paragraph: Frederick, Duke of Bavaria

paragraph: Frederick (1339 – 4 December 1393) was Duke of Bavaria from 1375. He was the second son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His maternal grandparents were Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou. Her parents were Charles II of Naples and Maria Arpad of Hungary.

paragraph: Maria was a daughter of Stephen V of Hungary and his wife, queen Elisabeth, who was daughter of Zayhan of Kuni, a chief of the Cuman tribe and had been a pagan before her marriage.

paragraph: Stephen V was a son of Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. Maria Laskarina was a daughter of Theodore I Lascaris and Anna Angelina. Anna was daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor Alexios III Angelos and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: From 1375 to 1392 he ruled Bavaria-Landshut jointly with his brothers Stephen III and John II and managed to administer the richest part of the duchy, the region of Landshut which he also kept after the division of Bavaria among the brothers in 1392, when Bavaria-Landshut was reduced since Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich were created for his brothers.

paragraph: In 1383 Frederick fought on the French side in Flanders against the English. He visited his uncle Albert I of Straubing-Holland in Quesnoy and participated in the siege of Bourbourg. On 1 November he went for an annual pension of 4000 francs in Paris in the service of King Charles VI, whose marriage to his niece Elizabeth he ran significantly. In the summer of 1385 he accompanied Elizabeth - later named Isabeau de Bavaria - to Amiens for her marriage with the King.

paragraph: In 1387 Frederick imprisoned the archbishop of Salzburg to force him to finish his alliance with a confederation of cities in Swabia. Frederick was an advisor of King Wenceslaus of Bohemia in legal affairs and a favorable candidate for the king's succession when he died in 1393 at Budweis, South Bohemia. He was succeeded in Bavaria-Landshut by his son Henry.

paragraph: Section::::Family and children.

paragraph: He was married twice. First, 1360 to Anna of Neuffen, daughter of Berthold VII of Neuffen. In this marriage he had only a daughter, Elisabeth (Isabella) (1361–17 January 1382), married to Marco Visconti, Lord of Parma.

paragraph: Secondly, he was married on 2 September 1381 to Maddalena Visconti, daughter of Bernabò Visconti and Beatrice Regina della Scala. Their children were:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Henry XVI the Rich (1386–1450).

paragraph: BULLET::::2. John, died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Elizabeth (1383–13 November 1442, Ansbach), married to Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Margareta (b. 1384), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Magdalene (1388–1410), married in 1404 to Count John Meinhard VII, Count of Gorizia.

description: Duke of Bavaria-Landshut

wikidata_label: Frederick

wikipedia_title: Frederick, Duke of Bavaria


text:
Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Stephen II
Elizabeth of Sicily
Frederick III of Sicily
Eleanor of Anjou
Charles II of Naples
Maria Arpad of Hungary
Stephen V of Hungary
Zayhan of Kuni
Cuman tribe
pagan
Béla IV of Hungary
Theodore I Lascaris
Anna Angelina
Eastern Roman Emperor
Alexius III
Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina
Frederick
John II
Bavaria-Landshut
Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Bavaria-Munich
Ingolstadt
Rupert
Luxemburg
Ernest
Ingolstadt
Tyrol
Habsburg
Niederschönenfeld
Taddea Visconti
Bernabò Visconti
Beatrice della Scala
Louis VII the Bearded
Isabeau of Bavaria
Charles VI
Cologne
Elisabeth of Cleves
Adolf III of Cleves

categories: 1413 deaths,Dukes of Bavaria,1337 births

paragraph: Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria

paragraph: Stephen III (1337 – 26 September 1413), called the Magnificent or the Fop ("Stephan der Kneißl"), was the Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt from 1375. He was the eldest son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Stephen V was a son of Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. Maria Laskarina was a daughter of Theodore I Lascaris and Anna Angelina. Anna was daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor Alexius III and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: From 1375 to 1392, Stephen ruled Bavaria with his brothers Frederick and John II. However, in 1392, Bavaria was split into three separate Duchies, now consisting of Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich. John II partitioned Bavaria as the result of his refusal to finance his brothers' expensive ambitions in the Italian court. After the division of Bavaria, Stephen retained Bavaria-Ingolstadt, although he soon came to regard his share to be inferior to the other two Duchies. From 1395 to 1397, he also jointly held Bavaria-Munich with John II, after an armed conflict between the brothers.

paragraph: After the deaths of both of his brothers, Stephen attempted to extend his Duchy, this time causing conflict with his nephews. In opposition to them, Stephen also supported King Rupert against the Luxemburg. In 1402 Stephen was forced by his nephew Ernest to confine his reign to Bavaria-Ingolstadt. In 1403, he supported the citizens' uprising in Munich, although that failed. His final attempt in 1410 to reconquer Tyrol, which his father had ceded to the Grand Duchy of Habsburg was likewise unsuccessful.

paragraph: He died at Niederschönenfeld.

paragraph: Section::::Family and children.

paragraph: He was married twice. First, he was married on 13 October 1364 to Taddea Visconti, daughter of Bernabò Visconti and Beatrice della Scala. He had, from his first marriage:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis VII the Bearded, who succeeded him in Bavaria-Ingolstadt,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabeau of Bavaria, married Charles VI, king of France.

paragraph: Second, he was married in Cologne on 16 January 1401 to Elisabeth of Cleves, daughter of Count Adolf III of Cleves.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: [aged 76]

description: Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt

wikidata_label: Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria

wikipedia_title: Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria


text: al-Shaybani

text: Arab

text: astrologer

text: Tunisia

text: al-Mu'izz ibn Bâdis

text: Kairouan

text: Yehudā ben Moshe

text: Old Castilian

text: Alfonso X of Castile

text: star

text: manuscript

text: Madrid

text: Venice

text: Qatar National Library

text: Venice

text: Latin

text: Erhard Ratdolt

text: List of Arab scientists and scholars

text: Alchabitius

text: Biruni

text: Judicial astrology

categories: Medieval Arab astronomers,11th-century deaths,10th-century births,Medieval Tunisian astronomers,Medieval Arab astrologers

paragraph: Haly Abenragel

paragraph: Abū l-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Abī l-Rijāl al-Shaybani () (commonly known as "Haly", "Hali", "Albohazen Haly filii Abenragel" or "Haly Abenragel", from "ibn Rijal") was an Arab astrologer of the late 10th and early 11th century, best known for his "Kitāb al-bāri' fī aḥkām an-nujūm". He was a court astrologer to the Tunisian prince al-Mu'izz ibn Bâdis in the first half of the 11th century. Haly died after 1037 in Kairouan in what is now Tunisia.

paragraph: His "Kitāb al-bāri' fī aḥkām an-nujūm" was translated by Yehudā ben Moshe into Old Castilian for Alfonso X of Castile in 1254 under the title "El libro conplido en los iudizios de las estrellas" ("The complete book on the judgment of the stars"). The only surviving manuscript of the Old Castilian translation is MS 3605 at the National Library in Madrid, which however only contains 5 of the 8 books of the complete Old Castilian translation. An edition created in 1523, created in Venice and presented in Latin, is held in the Qatar National Library.

paragraph: In 1485 at Venice a complete copy of the Old Castilian manuscript was translated into Latin and published by Erhard Ratdolt as "Praeclarissimus liber completus in judiciis astrorum" ("The very famous complete book on the judgment of the stars"). This printing (and later Latin versions) is commonly known as "De iudiciis astrorum" (or "De judiciis astrorum").

paragraph: His "Tractatus de cometarum significationibus per xii signa zodiaci" ("Treatise on the Significations of Comets in the twelve Signs of the Zodiac") was printed in Nürnberg in 1563 as an addendum to Marcus Frytsch's "Meteororum, hoc est, impressionum aerearum et mirabilium naturæ operum, loci ferè omnes ... Item catalogus prodigiorum atque ostentorum, tam cœlo quam in terra ... omnia ab authore recognita et locupletata. (Tractatus Albohazenhalii, filii Abenragelis, de cometarum significationibus per XII. signa Zodiaci.)"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Arab scientists and scholars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alchabitius

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biruni

paragraph: BULLET::::- Judicial astrology

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- De iudiciis astrorum, Basel, 1551; pdf format (106 MB)

description: Arab astrologer

wikidata_label: Haly Abenragel

wikipedia_title: Haly Abenragel


text:
Mantua
Giulio Romano
Giorgio Vasari
Vites
Francesco da Volterra
Renaissance
artisans
engraving
Giorgio Vasari
Francesco da Volterra
Rome
Lives
Gregory XIII
Pope
Catholic Church
bead and reel
Francesco da Volterra
Volterra
Cagli
Paris Nogari
Francesco da Volterra
Rome

wikipedia_title: Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects

categories: Italian women artists,Women printmakers,1547 births,16th-century engravers,1612 deaths,Women engravers,Italian engravers

paragraph: Diana Scultori

paragraph: Diana Scultori, Diana Mantuana, or Diana Ghisi (b.1535 AD) was an Italian engraver from Mantua, Italy. She is one of the earliest known women printmakers.

paragraph: She was one of four children of the sculptor and engraver Giovanni Battista Ghisi. Diana learned the art of engraving from her father and the artist Giulio Romano. She received her first public recognition as an engraver in Giorgio Vasari’s second edition of his "Vites" (1568). In 1565 she met her first husband, architect (Capriani). The pair moved to Rome by 1575. Once in Rome, Diana used her knowledge of business within the art world to progress her husband's career. Soon after moving to Rome, on June 5, 1575, Diana received a Papal Privilege to make and market her own work. She used the importance of signature and dedication to her advantage. Three years later (1578) she gave birth to her son Giovanni Battista Capriani. Both Diana symbolically and Francesco actively became members of the Confraternity of San Giuseppe during their artistic careers. The last known print by Diana dates 1588. It is unlikely that she created new prints past this time due to the strong emphasis she put on signing and dating her work throughout her career. She married another architect named Giulio Pelosi after Francesco da Volterra's death in 1594. Diana later died in 1612.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The cultural changes associated with the Renaissance were providing women greater opportunities to study art, and it became possible for female artists to gain international reputations.The work of Diana Scultori, born in 1547, is a reflection of this changing climate. One of three daughters of the Scultori family, as a woman she was unable to have a formal apprenticeship, but her father taught her his trade. Despite her lack of education in drawing specifically, she was able to use drawings from other artists to learn how to produce engravings. It was not unusual for the daughters of artisans to be trained in the family craft, but it was considered uncommon for a daughter to be trained in engraving and to make it a public career as she did. She received her first public recognition as an engraver in Giorgio Vasari’s second edition of "Vites" (1568).

paragraph: After her marriage in 1575 to the aspiring architect Francesco da Volterra, the couple moved to Rome. Here, the focus of her work was reinterpreting works by artists linked to her husband and the papal workshops. Most prints were made to promote and support his career as an architect. She was well known for being concerned with maintaining a good reputation. She was regarded as a keen business woman, and one of the few women artists whom Vasari mentioned in the 1568 edition of his "Lives, "noting" "that she" ""engraves so well that it is a thing to marvel at; and I who saw her, a very gentle and gracious girl, and her works, which are most beautiful, was struck with amazement." She worked within the restrictions encountered by artists of her time, female or otherwise. She used other artists' work as a foundation for her prints, but most of the drawings for her engravings came from either her husband, a family member, including her father, or an artist contemporary with whom she and her husband were acquainted.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: On June 5, 1575, the year of her first dated print, Scultori received the Papal Privilege to make and market her own work. Applying for a Papal Privilege was a fairly unusual practice before the papacy of Gregory XIII, especially for women, and it allowed her to establish a name for her household. Resembling a book-printing privilege, it is about 300 words in length and names Diana as “wife of Franciscus Cipriani the architect, who is staying in this our alma Urbe...” and indicates that she learned her art from her father. The privilege suggests that Diana applied for it because she was reluctant to print her engravings without a license and it was to protect her engravings from being copied and then sold “by others of either sex, but most especially book dealers, sculptors, engravers and printers”. The privilege rendered any unlicensed publisher or vendor of her engravings liable to a heavy fine of approximately 500 ducati. Of this, one third would have gone to the Pope in office, one third to Diana, and the final third to the judge who issued the decision, naturally encouraging a judgment in favor of the artist. In addition to such a fine, the punishment also included immediate excommunication from the Catholic Church.

paragraph: Her astuteness as a businesswoman can be seen not only in her successful application for a Papal Privilege, but also in her prints that promoted her husband's architectural work. Between 1576 and 1580, she made four prints featuring column capital volutes and other architectural details, including “bead and reel” and “egg and dart” moldings. Unlike many of her other prints, these prints do not appear to have been intended for a general audience, but instead for someone with advanced knowledge of ancient architectural details. One relatively lengthy inscription on the earliest dated of these four prints further supports this interpretation: "This volute and old composite capital order of a numidian stone column, from St Peter in Vaticano for the Baptistry of Saint Peter was recorded by Francesco da Volterra in order to be useful to these artists for study. Diana Mantuana, his wife, engraved it. 1576." Thus, Diana not only identifies her husband as the source for the image, but also indicates that the drawing and print were executed for the purposes of study.

paragraph: During her career she was awarded not only the Papal Privilege, but was made an Honorary Citizen of Volterra, Italy in 1566, and was given a symbolic membership to the Confraternity of San Giuseppe in Cagli, Italy in 1570.

paragraph: To celebrate the husband-and-wife artists admitted to the Congregazione dei Virtuosi del Pantheon, a pair of medallions were created. The inscription on the obverse side of the medal, where she is shown with a matronly veil, simply says “Diana of Mantua.” The absence of her father's or husband's name was unusual for the time.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Prominent works.

paragraph: "Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery" is the third engraving undertaken by Diana Scultori after Giulio Romano. It is a copy after one of the tapestries Raphael and his workshop designed for the Sistine Chapel. Depicted is a scene taken from the Book of John. A woman, perhaps Mary Magdalene, is accused of adultery and taken to Jesus for punishment. Jesus refuses to sentence her to be stoned, but instead offers any person without sin to cast the first stone. The figures of Christ and the young woman are depicted framed by the twisting Byzantine columns in the portico of a round temple. The architectural space recalls the ancient columns of Saint Peter's in Rome. A shrewd businesswoman, Diana was careful to maintain beneficial patronage in Mantua after leaving for Rome. Scultori dedicated the engraving to Eleonora of Austria, wife of Duke William I, and duchess of Mantua. In a letter to Eleonora, Diana says:

paragraph: “To her Serene Highness Lady Eleonora of Austria, Duchess of Mantua/ Diana Manuan/ I feel myself so tied to the memory of Your Ladyship’s most fortunate dominion, under which I possess, that to satisfy in par the gratitude in my soul I have been so bold as to bring this work of mine to light under her great name, in order that, returning to where it had its beginning, it serves her prince again, as a token of my service to Your Highness and your most serene house. From Rome, September 1, 1575.” The Gonzaga family was one of the private parties who bought a set of tapestries woven from the same drawings as the papal originals. They are easily recognized as the Mantuan palace's decoration. The Gonzaga version of the tapestry is a visual reference to the heritage of Raphael and the connection to Vatican taste and wealth. The engraving also makes a statement of Scultori's double allegiances to Mantua and to Rome.

paragraph: "Christ Making Peter Head of the Church" is another print Scultori may have copied from Raphael's sketches. However, it is most likely the image was from the tapestry copies that the Gonzaga family commissioned from the same workshop where the original Sistine Chapel tapestries were woven. This work depicts the moment when Christ appoints Peter as head of the church in the Gospel of Matthew, which was a popular subject for the time. A series of these tapestries was commissioned by Pope Leo X for the Sistine Chapel. The work was created in Mantua, but later taken to Rome where it was published and printed in various editions.

paragraph: "Latona Giving Birth to Apollo and Diana on the Island of Delos" was produced during her early career in Mantua. It depicts Latona, the lover of Jupiter and protector of the nymphs, after giving birth to twins Apollo and Diana. To escape from the jealousy of Juno, Latona sought refuge on the island of Delos. The episode follows the myth in Ovid's Metamorphosis which became a popular source of inspiration for artists during the 16th century. The scene was taken from a preparatory drawing by Giulio Romano for his painting of the same subject.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Signature.

paragraph: Her father was an engraver for the Mantuan court of the Gonzaga family. Diana changed her name on her prints to be better associated with the court. Many variations of her signature, inscriptions and dedications convey her awareness as an artist and an entrepreneur. She is the first woman who signed her full name on a print, but she signed various signatures at different points in her lifetime. It is not recorded in any of her works that she went by, or signed the name, Scultori. She most often signed her work “Diana Mantuana” or “Diana Mantovana” to reference the city in which she was born. This signature also served to reference Mantuan nobility and the engraving tradition of Mantua which would mean more to influential people in Rome than the surname with which she was born.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Her last dated print, from 1588, was "The Entombment" after Paris Nogari. After Francesco da Volterra’s death, she married Giulio Pelosi, another architect, in 1596, who was 20 years her junior. It is unlikely that she made additional prints following 1588, but her reason for stopping remains undiscovered. She died 24 years later in Rome on April 5, 1612. Several of her engravings continued to be printed after her death.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicholson, Elizabeth S. G. "Diana Scultori." Italian Women Artists from Renaissance to Baroque: National Museum of Women in the Arts. Milano: Skira, 2007. 126-34. Print.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Austin, Jamie . "Italian Art: Women Artist Part II." lifeinitaly.com. 10 Feb 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080513201304/http://www.lifeinitaly.com/art/women-artist-2.asp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mantuana [Ghisi; Mantovana; Scultori], Diana." Grove Art Online. 20 October 2006. Grove Art Online. 19 Feb 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scultori [Mantovano]." Grove Art Online. 31 March 2000. Grove Art Online. 19 Feb 2008 .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pagani, Valeria. “A Lunario for the years 1584-1586 by Francesco da Volterra and Diana Mantovano.” "Print Quarterly", 8 (1991): 140-5.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bellini, Paolo. "L’opera incisa di Adamo e Diana Scultori" (Vicenza: Neri Pozza, 1991).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brodsky, Judith K. 1976. "Some notes on women printmakers". "The Art Journal / College Art Association of America." XXXV/4, 374-377.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by Scultori in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

alias:
Diana Ghisi
Diana Scultori Ghisi
Diana Mantovano
Diana Mantuano
Diane Ghisi
Diana Scultor
Diana Mantuana
Diana Scultore
Mantovana Scultori
Diane La Mantuana Ghisi
Diana Sculptor
Mantovana Sculptor
Mantovana
Diana Mantovana
Mantovana Scultor
Mantovana Scultore
Diane Ghisi de Mantoue
Diane de Mantoue

description: Italian engraver

wikidata_label: Diana Scultori

wikipedia_title: Diana Scultori


text:
Battle of Sekigahara
Kiyosu Castle
Owari
Yoshida Domain
Mikawa Province

wikipedia_title:
Battle of Sekigahara
Kiyosu Castle
Owari Province
Yoshida Domain
Mikawa Province

categories: Daimyo,1611 deaths,1566 births,Tokugawa clan

paragraph: Matsudaira Iekiyo

paragraph: During the Battle of Sekigahara, Iekiyo defended Kiyosu Castle in Owari. After the war, Ieyasu rewarded him again for his service, granting him lordship of the Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province (30,000 "koku"). Iekiyo died in 1610 at age 45, and was succeeded by his son Tadakiyo.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Takenoya-Matsudaira ke" (February 20, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ieyasu no yūmei na kashin" (February 20, 2008)

description: Japanese samurai

wikidata_label: Matsudaira Iekiyo

wikipedia_title: Matsudaira Iekiyo


text:
Longarus
Monunius II
Romans
Macedon
Second Macedonian War
Athenagoras
Illyria
P. Sulpicius Galba
Rome
Paeonia
Philip V
Perseus
Pelagonia
Apollonia
Vardar
Stobi
Celtic
Bastarnae
Italy
Dardani
Illyrian warfare
List of rulers of Illyria

wikipedia_title:
Longarus
Monunius II
Roman Republic
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Second Macedonian War
Athenagoras of Macedon
Illyria
Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus
Rome
Paeonia (kingdom)
Philip V of Macedon
Perseus of Macedon
Pelagonia
Apollonia (Illyria)
Vardar
Stobi
Celts
Bastarnae
Italy
Dardani
Illyrian warfare
List of rulers in Illyria

paragraph: Bato (Dardanian chieftain)

paragraph: Bato (ruled c. 206 – 176 ) was an Illyrian king of the Dardanian State. Bato was the son of Longarus whom he succeeded and the brother of Monunius II who ruled after him. Bato fought alongside the Romans against Macedon during the Second Macedonian War. Bato is known for using advanced war tactics against Athenagoras. Bato became a major threat to the Macedonians but after the war was over Dardanian and Roman relations soon diminished.

paragraph: Section::::Military activities.

paragraph: When the Romans returned to Illyria in 200 BC under the experienced commander P. Sulpicius Galba, they expected support from their former allies. After the Roman victories many kings, enemies of Macedonia came to the Roman camp: Pleuratus of the Ardiaean Kingdom, Amynander, king of the Athamanians and Bato of the Dardanian State. The Roman commander told them he would call on their help when his army had entered Macedonia. Bato was hoping that with the territorial gains Rome had achieved, he would have Paeonia under his control.

paragraph: Philip V anticipated that the Romans line of advance would be in the Erigon valley and he was determined to protect his flanks from raids by Roman allies, the Aetolians in the south and Bato's forces in the north. He ordered his son Perseus to blockade the pass leading into Pelagonia. When the Romans made their move Philip recalled the troops under Perseus, and his cavalry defeat at Ottobolus on the river Erigon, though not a major reverse, was the outcome of a gamble after learning that Pleuratus' and Bato's armies had crossed the passes in strength and were already in Macedonia. In 199 BC Pleuratus and Bato took advantage of Philip's engagement in a war with the Romans on the western borders of kingdom. Though the invasions were concerted, it was the Dardanians who did the most damage. As soon as the Romans left to winter in Apollonia, Philip sent his general Athenagoras against the Dardania army, which was returning home laden with booty.

paragraph: At the beginning, Athenagoras made skirmishes against their rear lines but when Bato's army turned their flags and assumed regular positions in front of the enemy, the battle turned into a full-fledged war. As soon as the Dardanians set out on the road, the king's men attacked them with their cavalry and light infantry. Bato did not have an army of this type and were carrying heavy weapons, but the nature of the terrain helped them.. Few were killed and few more were injured, but none were taken prisoner, because in those few cases the Dardanians come out of their lines and in close formation they fight together or withdraw. The Dardanian army under Bato was a well-organized military force in line with the most advanced tactics of that time, but also distinguished by bravery, discipline and solidarity.

paragraph: News of the Roman victory in 197 BC, drew Bato once again down the Vardar valley, but Philip caught and defeated him near the Paeonian capital Stobi with an army he had hastily conscripted from the cities of his kingdom. The Macedonians continued to hold Bylazora and through that Paeonia, whose return the Dardanians were still demanding thirty years after another major Roman victory. Bato did not receive any land as he had hoped in contrast to the Ardiaean Kingdom which was given lands so that Pleuratus could attack Macedonia from them. This angered the Dardanian State which hoped to annex Macedonian land and to free Paeonia, their allies. Such is the fact that in 190 BC, the Aetolians asked Bato for paid soldiers in their war against Rome.

paragraph: Since it was difficult to defeat Bato militarily, Philip V drew up a plan to set the large Germanic/Celtic of the Bastarnae against him. He proposed to them that he would open a way to the Dardanian State so that the Bastarnae could settle there for a while and later continue on their way through Illyria, finally reaching Italy. Philip's purpose was to wipe out the Dardanians and settle the Bastarnae in their lands, and send the Bastarnae to Italy to lay it waste, leaving their women and children in Dardania. It was up to Monunius, the brother of Bato to confront the Bastarnae, as he succeeded Bato in 176 BC.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dardania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Illyrian warfare

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of rulers of Illyria

paragraph: Section::::Annotations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bato was the first known person with this name. He is scarcely known in modern historiography as "Bato of Dardania", and "Bato the Dardanian". In modern history books, he is mostly indexed as "Bato, son of Longarus" (from and "Bato, prince of the Dardani".

description: chieftain of the Dardani in Illyria

wikidata_label: Bato of Dardania

wikipedia_title: Bato (Dardanian chieftain)


text:
Spanish
painter
engraver
Madrid
Royal Academy of Fine Arts
San Fernando, Cádiz
Paris
European Union
Brussels
Basilica of Aránzazu

categories: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando alumni,1998 deaths,1929 births,Spanish artists

paragraph: Lucio Muñoz

paragraph: Lucio Muñoz (December 27, 1929 – May 24, 1998) was a Spanish abstract painter and engraver.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Muñoz was the son of Lucio Muñoz, a shopkeeper, and Nicolasa Martínez. Born on December 27, 1929 in Madrid, he was the youngest of two brothers and three sisters. His mother died in 1935.

paragraph: In 1949, Muñoz enrolled at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in San Fernando, Cádiz, where he obtained a degree in Fine Arts. While at the school, he met Amalia Avia; they married on January 15, 1960. The first of their four children was born that year.

paragraph: Section::::Art.

paragraph: Muñoz's first one-man exhibition was at the Sala de la Direccion General de Bellas Artes in Madrid, in 1955.

paragraph: During a stay in Paris financed by a Spanish government scholarship in 1955–6, Muñoz was influenced by the art informel movement. He worked with various materials, such as burnt paper and wood, in addition to canvas. He pierced, bent, and made cuts in the canvas, like informalist artists. He is particularly known for his innovation in his works on wood, which he fully incorporated into the works; burns, carving, and paint mixed with materials such as marble dust, sawdust, and pulverized minerals were among the techniques he used to create the works he referred to as "pseudo-paintings".

paragraph: His works are in informal colours, with black predominating. The style of his later works was less aggressive, because he used other materials.

paragraph: In 1964, Galería Juana Mordó was opened. He belonged to the associated group of painters from the moment of its foundation until 1991.

paragraph: His works include murals for the European Union building in Brussels and the chamber of the Madrid Parliament. His mural at the Basilica of Aránzazu won the Gold Medal at the Salzburg Biennial of Sacred Art.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Home page (in Spanish)

alias:
Lucio Munoz
Lucio Muñoz Martínez
Lucio

description: Spanish artist

wikidata_label: Lucio Muñoz

wikipedia_title: Lucio Muñoz


text:
Deptford
John
Greenwich Hospital School
National Maritime Museum
caulker
knight
Edward Barnard
Augustus Siebe
"Royal George"
Spithead

wikipedia_title:
Deptford
John Deane (inventor)
Royal Hospital School
National Maritime Museum
Caulk
Knight
Edward George Barnard
Augustus Siebe
HMS Royal George (1756)
Spithead

categories: British inventors,1796 births,People from Deptford,1848 deaths,Diving engineering

paragraph: Charles Anthony Deane

paragraph: Charles Anthony Deane (1796–1848) was a pioneering diving engineer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Deptford, Charles and his brother John and studied at the Greenwich Hospital School for Boys (the former buildings of which are now the National Maritime Museum) to become merchant seamen, going to sea at the age of 14 for a period of 7 years before returning to Deptford.

paragraph: Charles Deane then took up employment as a caulker at Barnard's Shipyard. During this time he realised the problem of fighting fires within the holds of ships.

paragraph: In the 1820s John Deane was present in England when horses were trapped by fire in a stable. To get through the smoke and fire fumes he put on a medieval knight-in-armor helmet air-pumped by hose from a fire brigade water pump, and rescued all the horses. In 1823 he patented a "Smoke Helmet" to be used by firemen in smoke-filled areas; the full title is given as ""Apparatus or Machines to be worn by Persons entering Rooms or other places filled with Smoke of other Vapour, for the purpose of extinguishing Fire, or extricating Persons or Property therein"". The apparatus comprised a copper helmet with an attached flexible collar and garment. A long leather hose attached to the rear of the helmet was to be used to supply air, the original concept being that it would be pumped using a double bellows. A short pipe allowed breathed air to escape. The garment was to be constructed from leather or airtight cloth, secured by straps.

paragraph: Charles had insufficient funds to build the equipment himself, so sold his patent to his employer, Edward Barnard. It was not until 1827 that the first smoke helmets were built, by Augustus Siebe. Charles Deane had little success marketing the apparatus as a smoke helmet, so in 1828 he and his brother decided to find another application for it and converted it into a diving helmet and marketed the helmet with a loosely attached "diving suit" so that a diver could perform salvage work but only in a full vertical position, otherwise water entered the suit.

paragraph: In 1829 the Deane brothers sailed from Whitstable for trials of their new underwater apparatus, establishing the diving industry in the town.

paragraph: A cannonball that John Deane recovered from the wreck of the Mary Rose

paragraph: In 1834 Charles used his diving helmet and suit in a successful attempt upon the wreck of "Royal George" at Spithead, during which he recovered 28 of the ship's cannon.

paragraph: By 1836 the Deane brothers had produced the world's first diving manual, "Method of Using Deane's Patent Diving Apparatus" which explained in detail the workings of the apparatus and pump, plus safety precautions.

description: British diving engineer

wikidata_label: Charles Anthony Deane

wikipedia_title: Charles Anthony Deane


text:
Czechoslovakia
ski jumper
nordic combined
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

wikipedia_title:
Czechoslovakia
Ski jumping
Nordic combined
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

categories: Czech male ski jumpers,1904 births,FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping,1968 deaths,Czechoslovak male ski jumpers,FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined,Czech male Nordic combined skiers

paragraph: František Wende

paragraph: František Wende (June 3, 1904 – 1968) was a Czechoslovakian ski jumper and nordic combined skier who has competed in the 1920s. He won two bronze medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in ski jumping (1925) and Nordic combined (1927).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- . Ski jumping profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- . Nordic combined profile

description: ski jumper

wikidata_label: František Wende

wikipedia_title: František Wende


text:
Don
tlatoani
Nahua
altepetl
Tenochtitlan
governor
colonial Spanish
Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
dynastic
Tecamachalco
Nahuatl
nickname
List of Tenochtitlan rulers
Aztec emperors family tree

wikipedia_title:
Don (honorific)
Tlatoani
Nahuas
Altepetl
Tenochtitlan
Governor
New Spain
Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
Dynasty
Tecamachalco, Puebla
Nahuatl
Nickname
List of Tenochtitlan rulers
Aztec emperors family tree

categories: Tenochca tlatoque,Year of birth missing,1565 deaths,Governors of San Juan Tenochtitlan,Alcaldes of San Juan Tenochtitlan

paragraph: Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin

paragraph: Don Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin was the last "tlatoani" ("king") of the Nahua "altepetl" of Tenochtitlan, as well as its governor ("gobernador") under the colonial Spanish system of government. The previous ruler Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin having died in 1562, Nanacacipactzin was installed on September 30, 1563, and ruled until his death on December 27, 1565.

paragraph: With Nanacacipactzin's death, the rule of Tenochtitlan by dynastic "tlatoque" (plural of "tlatoani") came to an end. As governor, he was succeeded in 1568 by Francisco Jiménez, who was a native of Tecamachalco rather than Tenochtitlan.

paragraph: His Nahuatl name, "Nanacacipactli" (or "Nanacacipactzin" in the honorific form), literally means "mushroom alligator". It appears his birth name was simply "Cipactli" "alligator", and the "mushroom" element was added as a nickname.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Tenochtitlan rulers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aztec emperors family tree

description: Ruler of Tenochtitlan

wikidata_label: Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin

wikipedia_title: Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin


text:
English
Bishopthorpe Palace
Gothic Revival
York
Bishopthorpe Palace
York
Sutton Park
North Yorkshire
Bar Convent
Carlton Towers
Dalton Hall (Beverley)
Terregles House
Kirkcudbrightshire

wikipedia_title:
England
Bishopthorpe Palace
Gothic Revival architecture
York
Bishopthorpe Palace
York
Sutton Park, Yorkshire
North Yorkshire
Bar Convent
Carlton Towers
Dalton Hall (Beverley)
Terregles House
Kirkcudbrightshire

categories: 1729 births,18th-century English architects,Neoclassical architects

paragraph: Thomas Atkinson (architect)

paragraph: Thomas Atkinson (1729–1798) was an English architect, best remembered for remodelling Bishopthorpe Palace in the Gothic Revival style.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Little is known of Atkinson's life. His practice was based in York, and the house that he built there for himself in about 1780 still stands at 20, St. Andrewgate in the city centre.

paragraph: Section::::Selected buildings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bishopthorpe Palace, York - remodelled the facade and the gatehouse in the 1760s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sutton Park, North Yorkshire - Atkinson is believed to have designed the house, which was completed in 1764.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bar Convent, York - built the chapel (1765-9) and the main front (1787-9), also other alterations between 1778 and 1793.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carlton Towers, Selby - added long East Wing in 1765.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Houghton Hall, Sancton, North Yorkshire - built country house 1765-8 for Philip Langdale.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dalton Hall (Beverley) - built in 1771-6 for Sir Charles Hotham, 8th Baronet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Terregles House, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland - built 1788 for W H Maxwell Constable.

description: English architect

wikidata_label: Thomas Atkinson

wikipedia_title: Thomas Atkinson (architect)


text:
footballer
defender
Crotone
Rosario
Newell's Old Boys
Calcio Catania
Sicilian
Serie A
Catania
Serie A
Serie A
Crotone

wikipedia_title:
Association football
Defender (association football)
F.C. Crotone
Rosario, Santa Fe
Newell's Old Boys
Calcio Catania
Sicily
Serie A
Catania
Serie A
2012–13 Serie A
F.C. Crotone

categories: Serie B players,Sportspeople from Rosario, Santa Fe,Argentine people of Italian descent,Newell's Old Boys footballers,Argentine expatriate footballers,Serie A players,Living people,Association football defenders,A.C. ChievoVerona players,Expatriate footballers in Italy,Argentine Primera División players,A.S. Roma players,Argentine footballers,Calcio Catania players,1983 births,Carpi F.C. 1909 players,Genoa C.F.C. players,F.C. Crotone players

paragraph: Nicolás Spolli

paragraph: Nicolás Federico Spolli (, ; born 20 February 1983) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defender for Italian club Crotone.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Newell's Old Boys.

paragraph: Born in Rosario, Spolli began his youth career with hometown club, Newell's Old Boys. In 2005, he was promoted to the senior squad. At the club he was soon a regular in the starting eleven, and by 2009, he made over 100 appearances and also hit the back of the net nearly ten times. He was a fan favourite as well.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Calcio Catania.

paragraph: In July 2009, Calcio Catania sporting director, Pietro Lo Monaco confirmed that the Sicilian club were deep into negotiations with Newell's for the defender and on 25 July 2009, the deal was finalized and Spolli officially became a Catania player. He was Catania's ninth transfer of the 2009 summer transfer window, and proved himself as an integral part of Catania's starting eleven, early in his Serie A career. The player made 26 Serie A appearances in his first season, netting one goal, helping Catania to an impressive 12th-place finish in the Serie A and also a record points total for the club in a top flight season.

paragraph: In his next two seasons with the club, Spolli and his team continued their recent success and endured three additional seasons of record point totals in Serie A, making it five consecutive seasons of this achievement.

paragraph: Spolli is currently part of a record-breaking Catania outfit that picked up 56 points from 38 Serie A matches. This performance saw the club also break its record number of home victories in a single season, its record number of victories overall in a single top flight campaign, as well as its record points total in Serie A for the fifth consecutive season.

paragraph: On 17 January 2019, Spolli joined to Crotone on loan with an obligation to buy.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- futbolxxi.com Argentine Primera statistics

paragraph: BULLET::::- canewellsoldboys.com.ar

paragraph: BULLET::::- pasionrojinegra.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- goal.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- calciocatania.it

description: Argentine footballer

wikidata_label: Nicolás Federico Spolli

wikipedia_title: Nicolás Spolli


text:
BoA
Exile
Yuri Ebihara
Dragon Ash
J-Urban
Salyu
Teriyaki Boyz
Nigo
Wise
Verbal
M-Flo
rap rock
KOSEN
Chambers
Beef or Chicken
Serious Japanese

categories: Japanese people of Finnish descent,Japanese hip hop musicians,Living people,1975 births

paragraph: Keisuke Ogihara

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Ilmari attended the same primary and middle school as Ryo-Z. During this, they became the founding members of Rip Slyme. After switching several schools, Ilmari then left for an international school. While there he met fellow Rip Slyme member Pes. Quitting school in the middle of his final year, he returned to Tokyo, reunited with Ryo-Z and formed "Gibinibanko" (ギビニバンコ).

paragraph: Ilmari returned to Finland in 2002 along with his group members and favourite camp counsellor, Andrew Busam, where they shot photos and footage for their shortcuts! DVD & their photobook RIP STYLE. They held several concerts in Helsinki as well. Andrew provided moral support throughout the trip and was there for anyone who needed a hug.

paragraph: Ilmari's beatboxing is featured in several concerts and with Kei in the song "By the Way" on their TOKYO CLASSIC album.

paragraph: In 2005, GAP held their 10th Anniversary campaign. Ilmari was chosen (as were BoA & Hiro of Exile) as models for displaying their individual style. With his sister Elisa, Ilmari owns a Japanese restaurant called Len's Keishoku Bar in Helsinki. Yuri Ebihara recently announced that she's in a relationship with Ilmari, and the two went public with the news of their marriage in May 2010.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Collaborations.

paragraph: Ilmari created the short-lived group Steady&Co in 2001 with BOTS and Kenji Furuya of Dragon Ash and SHIGEO of Skebo King. Their aim was to create a much lighter folk influenced form of hip hop against emerging genres such as J-Urban. In 2004, Ilmari helped launch singer Salyu by collaborating with her to release "Valon" under the name IlmarixSalyu. In 2005, he was made leader of the unit Teriyaki Boyz consisting of fellow Rip Slyme rapper Ryo-Z, Nigo, Wise and Verbal of M-Flo. In 2012 Ilmari formed a rap rock band with KOSEN, YAS and SOHNOSUKE called The Beatmoss.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: With Rip Slyme

paragraph: With Steady & Co.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chambers" (2001)

paragraph: With Teriyaki Boyz

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beef or Chicken" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Serious Japanese" (2009)

paragraph: With The Beatmoss

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beatmoss Vol. 1" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beatmoss Vol. 2" (2013)

description: Japanese musician

wikidata_label: Keisuke Ogihara

wikipedia_title: Keisuke Ogihara


text:
American football
University of Colorado
Las Vegas
Bill McCartney
University of Colorado
recruiting class
Eric Bieniemy
Alfred Williams
Kanavis McGhee
wide receiver
kick returner
running back
Big Eight
UPI
NFL Draft
1992
UNLV
database football stats

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,Colorado Buffaloes football players,Seattle Seahawks players,1969 births,American football wide receivers,American sports radio personalities,Denver Broncos players,Sportspeople from Sumter, South Carolina,Living people

paragraph: Mike Pritchard

paragraph: Michael Robert Pritchard (b. October 26, 1969) is a former American football player who played collegiately at the University of Colorado and professionally for various teams over a nine-year career.

paragraph: Pritchard grew up in Las Vegas and starred as an all-purpose back. His athletic talent attracted attention from collegiate football programs from across the nation. Pritchard eventually accepted an athletic scholarship offer from head coach Bill McCartney of the University of Colorado. He was part of the legendary 1987 recruiting class at Colorado that included Eric Bieniemy, George Hemingway, Alfred Williams, and Kanavis McGhee, all of whom were key players on the 1990 National Championship team.

paragraph: At Colorado, Pritchard was a versatile player who excelled at a variety of positions, including wide receiver, kick returner, and running back. He started the 1990 season opener at running back, carrying the ball 20 times for 217 yards and two touchdowns. It was his only career start at that position. Pritchard averaged 26.4 yards per pass reception for his career, a mark that remains a school record. His 17.9 average per touch on offense also remains the best in school history.

paragraph: Pritchard earned a number of honors while at CU. As a senior in 1990, he was named first-team All-Big Eight at wide receiver, also garnering honorable mention All-American honors from the UPI. That same year he was named the most valuable player on CU's national championship team, the only one in school history. Pritchard was later inducted into the University of Colorado sports Hall of Fame in 2015.

paragraph: Pritchard was the first of nine Colorado players selected in the 1991 NFL Draft. He was selected 13th overall by the Atlanta Falcons. He played nine seasons in the NFL, spending time with Atlanta (1991-93), Denver (1994-95) and Seattle (1996-99). Pritchard had his best professional season in 1992 while he was with the Falcons. That year he caught 77 receptions for 827 yards and scored 5 touchdowns. In 127 career NFL games, he caught 422 passes for 5,178 yards (12.3 yard average) and scored 26 touchdowns.

paragraph: After his playing career, he moved back to his hometown of Las Vegas where he embarked on a broadcasting career doing color commentary on the UNLV radio network. He has also appeared on TV and radio as a commentator and in both the Las Vegas and Denver areas.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- database football stats

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Mike Pritchard

wikipedia_title: Mike Pritchard