text: Emperor Kanmu

text: Fujiwara no Otomuro

text: tea

text: Imperial Household Agency

text: Ukyō-ku, Kyoto

text: mausoleum

text: Kusuko Incident

text: taishōgun

text: Sakanoue no Tamuramaro

text: Aomori

text: Nebuta Matsuri

text: Emishi

text: era name

text: Daidō

text: Kōnin

text: Minamoto clan

text: Minamoto no Tōru

text: The Tale of Genji

text: prohibiting meat consumption

text: abolished capital punishment

text: Buddhist

text: Kūkai

text: Shingon

text: Tō-ji

text: Heian-kyō

text: Kyoto

text: Emperor of Japan

text: Meiji

text: Sadaijin

text: Udaijin

text: Fujiwara no Uchimaro

text: Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu

text: Naidaijin

text: Dainagon

text: Tachibana no Kachiko

text: Emperor Ninmyō

text: Princess Seishi

text: Emperor Junna

text: Emperor Kanmu

text: Saiō

text: Ise Shrine

text: Saiin

text: Kamo Shrine

text: Minamoto no Makoto

text: Minamoto no Tōru

text: Fujiwara no Yoshifusa

text: Emperor Go-Saga

text: Imperial cult

text: Another photo of Emperor Saga's mausoleum

categories: 9th-century rulers in Asia,8th-century Japanese people,786 births,842 deaths,9th-century Japanese calligraphers,Japanese emperors

paragraph: Emperor Saga

paragraph: Section::::Traditional narrative.

paragraph: Saga was the second son of Emperor Kanmu and Fujiwara no Otomuro. His personal name was . Saga was an "accomplished calligrapher" able to compose in Chinese who held the first imperial poetry competitions ("naien"). According to legend, he was the first Japanese emperor to drink tea.

paragraph: Saga is traditionally venerated at his tomb; the Imperial Household Agency designates , in Ukyō-ku, Kyoto, as the location of Saga's mausoleum.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional narrative.:Events of Saga's life.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 806 Saga became the crown prince at age 21.

paragraph: BULLET::::- June 17, 809 (): In the 4th year of Emperor Heizei's reign, he fell ill and abdicated; and the succession ("senso") was received by Kanmu's second son Saga, the eldest son having become a Buddhist priest. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Saga is said to have acceded to the throne ("sokui").

paragraph: Soon after his enthronement, Saga himself took ill. At the time the retired Heizei had quarreled with his brother over the ideal location of the court, the latter preferring the Heian capital, while the former was convinced that a shift back to the Nara plain was necessary, and Heizei, exploiting Saga's weakened health, seized the opportunity to foment a rebellion, known historically as the Kusuko Incident; however, forces loyal to Emperor Saga, led by "taishōgun" Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, quickly defeated the Heizei rebels which thus limited the adverse consequences which would have followed any broader conflict. This same Tamuramaro is remembered in Aomori's annual Nebuta Matsuri which feature a number of gigantic, specially-constructed, illuminated paper floats. These great lantern-structures are colorfully painted with mythical figures; and teams of men carry them through the streets as crowds shout encouragement. This early ninth century military leader is commemorated in this way because he is said to have ordered huge illuminated lanterns to be placed at the top of hills; and when the curious Emishi approached these bright lights to investigate, they were captured and subdued by Tamuramaro's men.

paragraph: BULLET::::- August 24, 842 (): Saga died at the age of 57.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional narrative.:Eras of Saga's reign.

paragraph: The years of Saga's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name ("nengō").

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daidō" (806–810)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kōnin" (810–824)

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In ancient Japan, there were four noble clans, the "Gempeitōkitsu" (源平藤橘). One of these clans, the Minamoto clan are also known as Genji (源氏), and of these, the Saga Genji (嵯峨源氏) are descended from 52nd emperor Saga. Saga's son, Minamoto no Tōru, is thought to be an inspiration for the protagonist of the novel "The Tale of Genji".

paragraph: In the 9th century, Emperor Saga made a decree prohibiting meat consumption except fish and birds and abolished capital punishment in 818. This remained the dietary habit of Japanese until the introduction of European dietary customs in the 19th century.

paragraph: Emperor Saga played an important role as a stalwart supporter of the Buddhist monk Kūkai. The emperor helped Kūkai to establish the Shingon School of Buddhism by granting him Tō-ji Temple in the capital Heian-kyō (present-day Kyoto).

paragraph: Section::::Kugyō.

paragraph: is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

paragraph: In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Saga's reign (809–823), this "kugyō" included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Fujiwara no Uchimaro (藤原内麿), 806–812.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Fujiwara no Sonohito (藤原園人), 812–818.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu (藤原冬嗣), 821–825.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Tachibana no Ujikimi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naidaijin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dainagon"

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and children.

paragraph: Saga had 49 children by at least 30 different women. Many of the children received the surname Minamoto, thereby removing them from royal succession.

paragraph: Empress: Tachibana no Kachiko (橘嘉智子), also known as , Tachibana no Kiyotomo's daughter.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Son: Imperial Prince Masara (正良親王) later Emperor Ninmyō

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess Seishi (正子内親王; 810–879), married to Emperor Junna

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess Hideko (秀子内親王; d. 850)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Hidera (秀良親王; 817–895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess Toshiko (俊子内親王; d. 826)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifth Daughter: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (芳子内親王; d. 836)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess Shigeko (繁子内親王; d. 865)

paragraph: "Hi" (deposed): Imperial Princess Takatsu (高津内親王; d. 841), Emperor Kanmu’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Prince: Imperial Prince Nariyoshi (業良親王; d. 868)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess Nariko (業子内親王; d. 815)

paragraph: "Hi": Tajihi no Takako (多治比高子; 787–825), Tajihi no Ujimori's daughter

paragraph: "Bunin": Fujiwara no Onatsu (藤原緒夏; d. 855), Fujiwara no Uchimaro's daughter

paragraph: Court lady ("Naishi-no-kami"): Kudara no Kyomyō (百済慶命; d. 849), Kudara no Kyōshun's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yoshihime (源善姫; b. 814)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Sadamu (源定; 815–863)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Wakahime (源若姫)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Shizumu (源鎮; 824–881)

paragraph: "Nyōgo": Kudara no Kimyō (百済貴命; d. 851), Kudara no Shuntetsu's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Motora (基良親王; d. 831)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Tadara (忠良親王; 819–876)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess Motoko (基子内親王; d. 831)

paragraph: "Nyōgo": Ōhara no Kiyoko (大原浄子; d. 841), Ōhara no Ietsugu's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tenth Daughter: Imperial Princess "Ninshi" (仁子内親王; d. 889), 15th Saiō in Ise Shrine 809–823

paragraph: "Koui": Iidaka no Yakatoji (飯高宅刀自), Iidaka Gakuashi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Tokiwa (源常; 812–854)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Akira (源明; 814–852/853)

paragraph: "Koui": Akishino no Koko (秋篠高子/康子), Akishino no Yasuhito's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Kiyoshi (源清)

paragraph: "Koui": Yamada no Chikako (山田近子)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no "Hiraku(?)" (源啓; 829–869)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Mituhime (源密姫)

paragraph: "Nyōgo": Princess Katano (交野女王), Prince Yamaguchi's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eighth Daughter: Imperial Princess Uchiko (有智子内親王; 807–847), 1st Saiin in Kamo Shrine 810–831

paragraph: Court lady: Takashina no Kawako (高階河子), Takashina no Kiyoshina's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess "Sōshi" (宗子内親王; d. 854)

paragraph: Court lady: Hiroi no Otona's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seventh Son: Minamoto no Makoto (源信)

paragraph: Court lady: Fuse no Musashiko (布勢武蔵子)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Sadahime (源貞姫; 810–880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Hashihime (源端姫)

paragraph: Court lady: Kamitsukeno clan’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Hiromu (源弘; 812–863)

paragraph: Court lady: Abe no Yanatsu's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yutaka (源寛; 813–876)

paragraph: Court lady: Kasa no Tsugiko (笠継子), Kasa no Nakamori's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Ikeru (源生; 821–872)

paragraph: Court lady: Awata clan's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yasushi (源安; 822–853)

paragraph: Court lady: Ōhara no Matako (大原全子), Ōhara no Mamuro's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Tōru (源融), "Sadaijin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Tsutomu (源勤; 824–881)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Mitsuhime (源盈姫)

paragraph: Court lady: Ki clan's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Sarahime (源更姫)

paragraph: Court lady: Kura no Kageko (内蔵影子)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Kamihime (源神姫)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no "Katahime" (源容姫)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Agahime (源吾姫)

paragraph: Court lady: Kannabi no Iseko (甘南備伊勢子)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Koehime (源声姫)

paragraph: Court lady: Fun'ya no Fumiko (文屋文子), Fun'ya no Kugamaro's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess "Junshi" (純子内親王; d. 863)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess "Seishi" (斉子内親王; d. 853), married to Prince Fujii (son of Emperor Kanmu)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Atsushi (淳王)

paragraph: Court lady: Tanaka clan's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no "Sumu(?)" (源澄)

paragraph: Court lady: Koreyoshi no Sadamichi's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Masaru (源勝)

paragraph: Court lady: Ōnakatomi no Mineko (大中臣峯子)

paragraph: Court lady: Tachibana no Haruko (橘春子)

paragraph: Court lady: Nagaoka no Okanari's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no "Sakashi(?)" (源賢)

paragraph: Court lady("Nyoju"): Taima no Osadamaro's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Kiyohime (源潔姫; 810–856), married to Fujiwara no Yoshifusa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Matahime (源全姫; 812–882), Naishi-no-kami (尚侍)

paragraph: Lady-in-waiting: Sugawara Kanshi (菅原閑子)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no "Tsugu (?)" (源継)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yoshihime (源良姫)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Toshihime (源年姫)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Go-Saga

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: 嵯峨山上

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Another photo of Emperor Saga's mausoleum

alias:
嵯峨天皇
Saga-tennō
Saga
Saga Tennō

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Emperor Saga

wikipedia_title: Emperor Saga


text: Emperor Kōgon

text: Emperor Kōmyō

text: Chrysanthemum Throne

text: Crown Prince

text: Emperor Kōmyō

text: Emperor Kōgon

text: cloistered Emperor

text: Ashikaga Takauji

text: Ashikaga Tadayoshi

text: Emperor Kōgon

text: Bakufu

text: Emperor Go-En'yū

text: Emperor Shōkō

text: Emperor Go-Hanazono

text: Fushimi-ku, Kyoto

text: Shōhei

text: Jōwa

text: Kan'ō

text: Emperor Go-Murakami

text: House of Yamoto

text: Fushimi Hiroaki

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Ponsonby-Fane

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: Titsingh

text: Hayashi Gahō

text: Nipon o daï itsi ran

text: Annales des empereurs du Japon."

categories: 1334 births,People of Nanboku-chō-period Japan,1398 deaths,1340s in Japan,Japanese emperors,1350s in Japan

paragraph: Emperor Sukō

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: His personal name was originally Masuhito (益仁), but was later changed to Okihito (興仁).

paragraph: His father was Emperor Kōgon. His predecessor, Emperor Kōmyō was his uncle, the younger brother of Emperor Kōgon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady-in-waiting: Niwata (Minamoto) Motoko (庭田（源）資子; d.1394), Niwata Shigemoto’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- First son: Imperial Prince Fushimi-no-miya Yoshihito (1351–1416; 伏見宮栄仁親王) (First Fushimi-no-miya)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second son: Imperial Prince Priest Koshin (1358–1391; 興信法親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Anfuku-dono-Naishi (安福殿女御)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consort: Sanjō-no-Tsubone (三条局)

paragraph: BULLET::::- First daughter: Princess Suiho (瑞宝女王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third son: Imperial Prince Priest Kojo (弘助法親王)

paragraph: Section::::Events of Sukō's life.

paragraph: Sukō occupied the Chrysanthemum Throne from January 1351 until 22 November 1351.

paragraph: In 1348, he became Crown Prince. In the same year, he became Northern Emperor upon the abdication of Emperor Kōmyō. Although Emperor Kōgon ruled as cloistered Emperor, the rivalry between Ashikaga Takauji and Ashikaga Tadayoshi began, and in 1351, Takauji returned to the allegiance of the Southern Court, forcing Emperor Sukō to abdicate. This was intended to reunify the Imperial Line.

paragraph: However, the peace soon fell apart, and in April 1352, the Southern Dynasty evacuated Kyoto, abducting with them Retired (Northern) Emperors Emperor Kōgon and Emperor Kōmyō as well as Emperor Sukō and the Crown Prince Tadahito. Because of this, Takauji made Emperor Kōgon's second son Imperial Prince Iyahito emperor (First Fushimi-no-miya).

paragraph: Returning to Kyoto in 1357, Emperor Sukō's son Imperial Prince Yoshihito began to work with the Bakufu to be named Crown Prince, but the Bakufu instead decided to make Emperor Go-Kōgon's son (the future Emperor Go-En'yū) Crown Prince instead.

paragraph: In 1398, Emperor Sukō died. But, 30 years after his death, in 1428, his great-grandson Hikohito (彦仁), as the adopted son of Emperor Shōkō, became Emperor Go-Hanazono, fulfilling Sukō's dearest wish. Sukō is enshrined at the "Daikōmyōji no misasagi" (大光明寺陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto.

paragraph: Section::::Eras during his reign.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shōhei"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jōwa"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kan'ō"

paragraph: Section::::Southern Court rivals.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Go-Murakami

paragraph: Section::::Japanese line of succession.

paragraph: If the current line of the Japanese royal family fails to produce sons (i.e if the 3 currently in line all fail to produce sons), then it would be Suko's line that would become the main line and most senior of the House of Yamoto in male primogeniture preference (i.e son to son). Currently the head of this line is Fushimi Hiroaki.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan." Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], "Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.

alias:
Emperor Suko
Suko
Emperor Sukō
Sukou

description: pretender to the title of emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Sukō

wikipedia_title: Emperor Sukō


text: Emperors of Northern Court

text: Nanboku-chō

text: Emperor Kōgon

text: Northern Pretender

text: Emperor Kōgon

text: Emperor Sukō

text: Emperor Go-En'yū

text: Chrysanthemum Throne

text: Ashikaga Takauji

text: Emperor Kōgon

text: Emperor Kōmyō

text: Emperor Sukō

text: Kyoto

text: Emperor

text: Ashikaga Yoshiakira

text: Era of the Northern and Southern Courts

text: Ōmi Province

text: Ashikaga Yoshimitsu

text: shōgun

text: Emperor Go-En'yū

text: Cloistered Emperor

text: Fushimi-ku, Kyoto

text: era name

text: nengō

text: Shōhei

text: Kentoku

text: Kannō

text: Bunna

text: Embun

text: Kōan

text: Jōji

text: Ōan

text: Emperor Go-Murakami

text: Emperor Chōkei

text: Ponsonby-Fane

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: Titsingh

text: Hayashi Gahō

text: Nipon o daï itsi ran

text: Annales des empereurs du Japon."

text: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

categories: 1338 births,People of Nanboku-chō-period Japan,1374 deaths,1360s in Japan,1370s in Japan,Japanese emperors,1350s in Japan

paragraph: Emperor Go-Kōgon

paragraph: Emperor Go-Kōgon (後光厳天皇 "Go-Kōgon-tennō") (23 March 1338 – 12 March 1374) was the 4th of the Emperors of Northern Court during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1352 through 1371.

paragraph: This Nanboku-chō "sovereign" was named after his father Emperor Kōgon and "go-" (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he may be called the "Later Emperor Kōgon", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor Kōgon, the second", or as "Emperor Kōgon II."

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: His personal name was Iyahito (弥仁).

paragraph: He was the second son of the Northern Pretender Emperor Kōgon, and brother of his predecessor, Emperor Sukō. His mother was Hideko (秀子), Sanjō Kinhide’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady-in-waiting: Hirohashi (Fujiwara) Nakako (広橋（藤原）仲子; 1336/9-1427) later Sukenmon’in (崇賢門院), Hirohashi Kanetsuna’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second son: Imperial Prince Ohito (緒仁親王) later Emperor Go-En'yū

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifth son: Imperial Prince Priest Eijo (1362–1437; 永助入道親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sixth son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyōnin (尭仁法親王; 1363–1430）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Twelfth son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyōsho (尭性法親王; 1371–1388)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consort: Uemon-no-Suke no Tsubone (右衛門佐局)

paragraph: BULLET::::- First son: Imperial Prince Priest Ryōnin (1355–1370; 亮仁入道親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyojo (行助法親王; 1360–1386）

paragraph: BULLET::::- son: (1361–1369)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seventh son: Imperial Prince Priest Kakuzō (1363–1390; 覚増法親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consort: Sakyōdaibu-no-Tsubone (左京大夫局), Hōin Chōkai’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- First daughter: Imperial Princess Haruko (d. 1390; 治子内親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kakuei (覚叡法親王; 1361–1377)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eighth son: Imperial Prince Priest Dōen (道円入道親王; 1364–1385)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleventh son: Imperial Prince Priest Shōjo (聖助法親王; b.1371)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consort:Shonagon-naishi (少納言内侍), Tachibana no Mochishige ‘s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tenth son: Imperial Prince Priest Myōshō (1367–1396; 明承法親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- from unknown women

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ninth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kanshu (1366–1401; 寛守法親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thirteenth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kankyō (1373–1405; 寛教入道親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second daughter: Imperial Princess Kenshi (見子内親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourteenth son: ?

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: Princess Shūnin (秀仁女王)

paragraph: Section::::Events of Go-Kōgon's life.

paragraph: In his own lifetime, Go-Kōgon and those around him believed that he occupied the Chrysanthemum Throne from 25 September 1352 to 9 April 1371.

paragraph: In 1351, Ashikaga Takauji briefly returned to the allegiance of the Southern Dynasty, causing the Southern Court to briefly consolidate control of the Imperial Line. However, this peace fell apart in April 1352. On this occasion, the Southern Court abducted Retired (Northern) Emperors Emperor Kōgon and Emperor Kōmyō as well as Emperor Sukō and the Crown Prince Tadahito from Kyoto to Anau, the location of the Southern Court. This produced a state of affairs in which there was no Emperor in Kyoto. Because of this, Imperial Prince Iyahito became emperor in 1352 with the support of Ashikaga Yoshiakira.

paragraph: During this period, the Era of the Northern and Southern Courts, because of the antagonism between the two competing dynasties, public order in Kyoto was disturbed. The Southern Court repeatedly recaptured Kyoto. Emperor Go-Kōgon was forced to repeatedly flee from Kyoto to Ōmi Province and other places. Around the time that Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was named "shōgun" (1368), the Southern Courts power weakened, and order was restored to Kyoto. Also around this time, the Emperor's authority began to show its weakness.

paragraph: On 9 April 1371, he abdicated in favor of his son, who became Emperor Go-En'yū. He continued to rule as Cloistered Emperor until he died of illness on 12 March 1374. He is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called "Fukakusa no kita no misasagi" (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto.

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Go-Kōgon's reign.

paragraph: The years of Go-Kōgon's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shōhei" (1346–1370)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kentoku" (1370–1372)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kannō" (1350–1352)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bunna" (1352–1356)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Embun" (1356–1361)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kōan" (1361–1362)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jōji" (1362–1368)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ōan" (1368–1375)

paragraph: Section::::Southern Court rivals.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Go-Murakami

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Chōkei

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

alias:
Go-Kogon
Emperor Go-Kogon
Emperor Go-Kōgon
後光厳天皇
Go-Kōgon-tennō
Kaisar Go-Kōgon
Go-Kougon

wikidata_label: Go-Kōgon

wikipedia_title: Emperor Go-Kōgon


text: Nanboku-chō

text: Emperor En'yū

text: Emperor Go-Kōgon

text: Emperor Go-Komatsu

text: Chrysanthemum Throne

text: Emperor Go-Kōgon

text: Emperor Sukō

text: Bakufu

text: cloistered emperor

text: Ashikaga Yoshimitsu

text: shōgun

text: Emperor Go-Komatsu

text: cloistered rule

text: Ashikaga Yoshimitsu

text: Fushimi-ku, Kyoto

text: era name

text: nengō

text: Kentoku

text: Benchū

text: Tenju

text: Kōwa

text: Ōan

text: Eiwa

text: Kōryaku

text: Eitoku

text: Emperor Chōkei

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Ponsonby-Fane

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: Titsingh

text: Hayashi Gahō

text: Nipon o daï itsi ran

text: Annales des empereurs du Japon."

categories: People of Nanboku-chō-period Japan,1380s in Japan,1359 births,1370s in Japan,Japanese emperors,1393 deaths

paragraph: Emperor Go-En'yū

paragraph: This Nanboku-chō "sovereign" was named after the 10th century Emperor En'yū and "go-" (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he may be called the "Later Emperor En'yū", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor En'yū, the second", or as "Emperor En'yū II."

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: His personal name was Ohito (緒仁).

paragraph: He was the second son of the fourth Northern Pretender Emperor Go-Kōgon. His mother was Fujiwara no Nakako (藤原仲子), Hirohashi Kanetsuna's daughter.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consort: Sanjō Itsuko (三条 厳子), Sanjō Kintada's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- First son: Imperial Prince Motohito (幹仁親王) later Emperor Go-Komatsu

paragraph: BULLET::::- First daughter: Imperial Princess Keiko (1381–1399; 珪子内親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady-in-waiting Fujiwara no Imako (藤原今子), Shijō Takasato's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second son: Imperial Prince Priest Dōchō (1378–1446; 道朝法親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Naishi: Ogimachi Sanjo Sanetoshi’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Naishi: Azechi-no-tsubone, Tachibana Tomoshige’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- unknown

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter: (d.1391)

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter: ???

paragraph: BULLET::::- son: ???

paragraph: Section::::Events of Go-En'yū's life.

paragraph: In his own lifetime, Go-En'yū and those around him believed that he occupied the Chrysanthemum Throne from 9 April 1371 to 24 May 1382.

paragraph: In 1371, by Imperial Proclamation, he received the rank of "shinnō" (親王), or Imperial Prince (and potential heir). Immediately afterwards, he became emperor upon the abdication of his father, Emperor Go-Kōgon. There was said to be a disagreement between Go-Kōgon and the retired Northern Emperor Emperor Sukō over the Crown Prince. With the support of Hosokawa Yoriyuki, who controlled the Bakufu, Go-Kōgon's son became the Northern Emperor.

paragraph: Until 1374, Go-Kōgon ruled as cloistered emperor. In 1368, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was named "shōgun", and with his guardianship, the Imperial Court was stabilized. In 1382, upon abdicating to Emperor Go-Komatsu, his cloistered rule began. Having no actual power, he rebelled, attempting suicide and accusing Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and his consort Itsuko of adultery.

paragraph: In 1392, peace with the Southern Court being concluded, the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts came to an end. On 6 June 1393, Go-En'yū died. He is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called "Fukakusa no kita no misasagi" (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto.

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Go-En'yū's reign.

paragraph: The years of Go-En'yū's "Nanboku-chō" reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kentoku" (1370–1372)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Benchū" (1372–1375)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tenju" (1375–1381)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kōwa" (1381–1384)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ōan" (1368–1375)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eiwa" (1375–1379)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kōryaku" (1379–1381)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eitoku" (1381–1384)

paragraph: Section::::Southern Court rivals.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Chōkei

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan." Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], "Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.

alias:
Emperor Go-En'yū
Go-Enyu
Emperor Go-Enyu
後円融天皇
Go-En'yū-tennō
Go-En'yu
Go-En'yuu

wikidata_label: Go-En'yū

wikipedia_title: Emperor Go-En'yū


text: Emperor of Japan

text: order of succession

text: Kojiki

text: crown prince

text: next emperor

text: Kojiki

text: Emperor Jimmu

text: Tagishimimi

text: Yamato Province

text: Nihon Shoki

text: Emperor Annei

text: posthumously

text: Yamato dynasty

text: Kojiki

text: grave

text: misasagi

text: Kashihara

text: Emperor Sujin

text: Emperor Kinmei

text: Emperor Kanmu

text: Kotoshironushi

text: Emperor Annei

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Aston, William George.

text: Brown, Delmer M.

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past."

text: Chamberlain, Basil Hall.

text: "The Kojiki."

text: Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric

text: "Japan encyclopedia."

text: Harvard University Press

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: Titsingh, Isaac.

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon."

text: Varley, H. Paul.

categories: Legendary Emperors of Japan,People of Jōmon-period Japan

paragraph: Emperor Suizei

paragraph: , also known as , was the second Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study. Suizei is known as a "legendary emperor" among historians as his actual existence is disputed. A legendary account from the Kojiki states that Suizei became emperor after receiving the title of crown prince by his half brother due to his bravery regarding a murder plot. Suizei's reign started in 581 BC, he had one wife and a sole son who supposedly became the next emperor upon his death in 549 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.

paragraph: While the "Kojiki" provides little information about Suizei, it does state his name, genealogy, and a record about his accession to the throne. He was born sometime in 632 BC, and was one of the sons of Emperor Jimmu and his chief wife Himetataraisuzu-hime. The account in the Kojiki states that Suizei's older brother Kamuyaimimi was originally the Crown-prince. When Jimmu died, another of his sons named Tagishimimi attempted to seize the throne by murdering those in his way. Tagishimimi was given birth to by a lesser wife named Ahiratsu-hime, and was older than Jimmu's legitimate heir. When Himetataraisuzu-hime learned of the plot she tried in vain to warn her sons by way of songs and poems. While Suizei encouraged Kamuyaimimi to slay Tagishimimi, he could not find it in him to murder his own half brother. Suizei pleaded with his older brother for the weapon he was going to use, and upon receiving it accomplished the deed for him. Kamuyawimimi ceded his rights as crown prince shortly after to Suizei as he believed his braver younger brother should be the new Emperor.

paragraph: Emperor Suizei's pre-ascension name remains unknown, but the "Kojiki" records that he ruled from the palace of at Katsuragi in what would come to be known as Yamato Province. While another more expansive account exists in the "Nihon Shoki", the section is more steeped in myth. Suizei is conventionally considered to have reigned from 581 to 549 BC. He wed at an unknown date, and the two had one son. Emperor Suizei allegedly died in 549 BC and his gravesite is formally named "Tsukida no oka no e no misasagi". He was succeeded by his only son, "Prince Shikitsuhikotamatemi" who became Emperor Annei.

paragraph: Section::::Known information.

paragraph: The existence of at least the first nine Emperors is disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study. Suizei is thus regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor", and is ranked as the first of eight Emperors without specific legends associated with them. The name Suizei"-tennō" was assigned to him posthumously by later generations, and literally means "joyfully healthy peace". His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Suizei, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the "Kojiki". While the actual site of his grave is not known, an Imperial "misasagi" or tomb for Suizei is currently maintained in Kashihara. The first emperor that historians state might have actually existed is Emperor Sujin, the 10th emperor of Japan. Outside of the Kojiki, the reign of Emperor Kinmei ( – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates. The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu between 737 and 806 AD.

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and Children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress: , Kotoshironushi's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- , later Emperor Annei

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aston, William George. (1896). "Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697." London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past." Berkeley: University of California Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chamberlain, Basil Hall. (1920). "The Kojiki." Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882; reprinted, May, 1919.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan encyclopedia." Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns." New York: Columbia University Press. ;

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Emperor Suizei

wikipedia_title: Emperor Suizei


text: Kojiki

text: Nihon Shoki

text: Emperor of Japan

text: Amaterasu

text: Ōmononushi

text: Mount Miwa

text: next emperor

text: Tenri, Nara

text: kofun

text: tumulus

text: pseudo-historical

text: Kojiki

text: Nihon Shoki

text: exaggerated and/or distorted

text: Emperor Kaika

text: Emperor Kōgen

text: pestilence

text: Amaterasu

text: Yamato Province

text: Himorogi

text: emaciated

text: divination

text: eighty myriad deities

text: Emperor Kōrei

text: miko

text: Ōmononushi

text: venerated

text: propitiate

text: Kamo clan

text: Mononobe clan

text: Yamato Province

text: Emperor Kōgen

text: half brother

text: insurrection

text: neckerchief

text: Yamashiro Province

text: bowshots

text: census

text: Mount Miwa

text: millet

text: Crown prince

text: Izumo Shrine

text: Tsukushi Province

text: Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka

text: Kashihara, Nara

text: next emperor

text: Mount Miwa

text: Emperor Kōshō

text: Emperor Kōrei

text: Emperor Kaika

text: Louis Frédéric

text: Japan Encyclopedia

text: disputed

text: posthumously

text: Yamato dynasty

text: Kojiki

text: grave

text: Tenri, Nara

text: Imperial Household Agency

text: kofun

text: tumulus

text: Emperor Kinmei

text: Emperor Kanmu

text: lineal ancestor

text: reigning emperor

text: Emperor Kōkaku

text: Prince Ōhiko

text: Emperor Suinin

text: Kii

text: Saiō

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Nihon Shoki

text: alt-link

text: sacred texts

text: Brown, Delmer M.

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past".

text: Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric

text: "Japan encyclopedia".

text: Harvard University Press

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: Titsingh, Isaac.

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon".

text: Varley, H. Paul.

categories: 1st-century BC legendary rulers,1st-century BC Japanese monarchs,Legendary Emperors of Japan

paragraph: Emperor Sujin

paragraph: , also known as in the "Kojiki", and or in the "Nihon Shoki" was the tenth Emperor of Japan. While Sujin is the first emperor that historians state might have actually existed, he is still referred to as a "legendary emperor" due to a lack of information available. Both the "Kojiki", and the "Nihon Shoki" (collectively known as the "Kiki") record events that took place during Sujin's alleged lifetime. This legendary narrative tells how he set up a new shrine outside of the Imperial palace to enshrine Amaterasu. He is also credited with initiating the worship of Ōmononushi (equated with the deity of Mount Miwa), and expanding his empire by sending generals to four regions of Japan in what became known as the legend of "Shidō shogun".

paragraph: This Emperor's reign is conventionally assigned the years of 97 BC – 30 BC. During his alleged lifetime, he fathered twelve children with a chief wife (empress) and two consorts. Sujin chose his future heir based on dreams two of his sons had, in this case his younger son became the next emperor upon his death in 30 BC. Like other emperors of this period, the location of Sujin's grave if it exists is unknown. He is traditionally venerated at the Andonyama kofun in Tenri, Nara. There is a consensus that if this figure did exist, he ruled or lived later than the dates ascribed to him.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.

paragraph: The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a kofun (tumulus) for Sujin is currently maintained. There remains no conclusive evidence though that supports this historical figure actually reigning. The following information available is taken from the pseudo-historical "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki", which are collectively known as or "Japanese chronicles". These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and/or distorted over time. The records state that Sujin was born sometime in 148 BC, and was the second son of Emperor Kaika. Sujin's mother was "Ikagashikome no Mikoto", who was also a concubine of Sujin's grandfather Emperor Kōgen. Before he was enthroned sometime in 97 BC, his pre-ascension name was either Prince.. "Mimakiirihikoinie no Mikoto", "Mimakiiribikoinie no Sumeramikoto", or "Hatsukunishirasu Sumeramikoto". The former name is used in the "Kojiki", while the latter two are present in the "Nihon Shoki". Sujin was enthroned sometime in 97 BC, and during the 3rd year of his reign it is the recorded that he moved the capital to , naming it the "Palace of Mizu-gaki" or .

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.:Enshrining Ōmononushi (Miwa Myōjin).

paragraph: The "Kiki" records that pestilence struck during the 5th year of Sujin's rule, killing half the Japanese population. The following year peasants abandoned their fields and rebellion became rampant. To help relieve the suffering of his people, the Emperor turned his attention towards the gods. At the time, both the sun goddess Amaterasu and the god were enshrined at the Imperial Residence. Sujin became overwhelmed with having to cohabit with these two powerful deities, and set up separate enshrinements to house them. Amaterasu was moved to in Yamato Province (Nara), where a Himorogi altar was built out of solid stone. Sujin placed his daughter in charge of the new shrine. Yamato-ōkunitama (the other god) was entrusted to another daughter named , but her heath began to fail shortly afterwards. It is recorded that Nunakiiri-hime became emaciated after losing all of her hair, which rendered her unable to perform her duties. These events still did not alieve the ongoing plague that swept the empire, so Sujin decreed a divination to be performed sometime during the 7th year of his reign. The divination involved him making a trip to the plain of Kami-asaji or , and invoking the eighty myriad deities.

paragraph: Sujin's aunt (daughter of 7th Emperor Emperor Kōrei) acted as a "miko", and was possessed by a god who identified himself as Ōmononushi. This god claimed responsibility for the plague, announcing that it would not stop until he was venerated. Although the Emperor propitiated to the god, the effects were not immediate. Sujin was later given guidance in the form of a dream to seek out a man named and appoint him as head priest. When he was found and installed, the pestilence eventually subsided allowing five cereal crops to ripen. As an extra abundance of caution, the Emperor also appointed as or one who sorts the offerings to the gods. To this day the Miwa sept of the Kamo clan claim to be descents from Ōtataneko, while Ikagashikoo was a claimed ancestor of the now extinct Mononobe clan.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.:Four Cardinal Quarters (Shidō shogun).

paragraph: In his 10th year of rule, Sujin instituted four of his Generals to the "Four Cardinal Quarters" in what would be known as the "Shidō shogun". These areas (west, north/northwest, northeast, and east) were all centered around the capital in Yamato Province. Sujin instructed his generals (shogun) to quell those who would not submit to their rule. One of the four shoguns who had been sent to the northern region was named , who was also Emperor Kōgen's first son. One day a certain maiden approached Ōhiko and sang him a cryptic song, only to disappear afterwards. Sujin's aunt , who was skilled at clairvoyancy interpreted this to mean that Take-hani-yasu-hiko (Ōhiko's half brother) was plotting an insurrection. Yamatototohimomoso pieced it together from overhearing news that Take-hani-yasu-hiko's wife (Ata-bime) came to , and took a clump of earth in the corner of her neckerchief.

paragraph: Emperor Sujin gathered his generals in a meeting upon hearing the news, but the couple had already mustered troops to the west who were ready to attack the capital. The Emperor responded by sending an army under the command of general "Isaseri-hiko no Mikoto" to fight a battle that ended with a decisive Imperial victory. Ata-bime was killed in combat, and her husband fled back north. Sujin then sent general north to Yamashiro Province to punish the rebel prince. There was ultimately an exchange of bowshots that resulted in Take-hani-yasu-hiko's death by an arrow through the chest. Eventually the Emperor would appoint 137 governors for the provinces under his Imperial rule as the empire expanded. In his 12th year of rule, the Emperor decreed that a census be taken of the populace "with grades of seniority, and the order of forced labour". The tax system meanwhile was set up so taxes imposed were in the form of mandatory labor. These taxes were known as for men and for women. During this period peace and prosperity ensued, and the Emperor received the title .

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.:Choosing an heir and Divine treasures.

paragraph: During the 48th year of Sujin's reign (50 B.C.), he summoned two of his sons saying that he loved them equally and could not make up his mind which to make his heir. He then asked his sons to describe the dreams they had recently, so he could divine their lot by interpreting them. The elder son's name was , and explained to his father that he dreamt of climbing Mt. Mimoro (Mount Miwa). While facing east, he said that he thrust his spear eight times and then waved his sword eight times skywards. The younger prince, whose name was dreamt of climbing Mimoro and spanning ropes on four sides. He went on to say how he chased the sparrows that ate the millet. Sujin accordingly chose his younger son Ikume to become the next Crown prince, while his older son Toyoki was chosen to govern the east. Toyoki ultimately became the ancestor of the Kamitsuke and Shimotsuke clans.

paragraph: In the 60th year of Sujin's reign (38 BC.), Sujin told his ministers that he wanted to look at divine treasures brought from the heavens by which were housed in the Izumo Shrine. was the keeper of the treasures, but at the time was away on business in Tsukushi Province. Furune's younger brother , accommodated the Imperial Edict on his behalf by sending his two younger brothers as carriers of these treasures to show the Emperor. When Furune returned, he was furious at Iiirine for parting with the treasures. He invited his younger brother to wade in a pool (named Yamuya) with him, where he used a sword-swapping intrigue. Furune exchanged his own wooden sword with his brother's real sword and commenced a battle which ended with Iiirine's death. When the Imperial court received news of the event, they dispatched two generals to slay Izumo Furune.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.:Later reign and death.

paragraph: Towards the end of his reign in (36 BC.), both the "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki" records indicate that Sujin started to encourage the building of artificial ponds and canals. During this time, was built near in Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka. Sujin is also credited with building which was said to be located in "Karu" (Kashihara, Nara). During his alleged lifetime, Sujin fathered twelve children with a chief wife (empress) and two consorts. When he died in 30 BC, his son "Prince Ikumeirihikoisachi" became the next emperor per Sujin's choice. The actual burial site of Emperor Sujin is unknown, but is said to be at Mount Miwa.

paragraph: Section::::Historical figure.

paragraph: While Emperor Sujin is the first emperor that historians state might have actually existed, he is still regarded as a "legendary Emperor". An issue is the fact that at least the first nine Emperors are disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study. Sujin's possible lifespan has been suggested to be as early as the 1st century AD, to as late as the fourth century AD, this is well past his conventionally assigned reign of 97 BC – 30 BC. Like Emperor Kōshō, Emperor Kōrei, and Emperor Kaika, historian Louis Frédéric notes an idea in his book "Japan Encyclopedia" that Sujin could have lived in the 1st century (AD). This remains disputed though among other researchers who have been critical of his book. Other researchers have stated that his lifespan was in the third or fourth century. If this emperor did exist, then he may have been the first to perform a census and establish and regularize a system of taxation.

paragraph: In either case (fictional or not), the name Sujin"-tennō" was assigned to him posthumously by later generations. His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Sujin, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the "Kojiki". Sujin's longevity was also written down by later compliers, who may have unrealistically extended his age to fill in time gaps. While the actual site of Sujin's grave is not known, the Emperor is traditionally venerated at the "Andonyama kofun" in Tenri, Nara. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as the kofun (tumulus), and it's formal name is ""Yamanobe no michi no Magari no oka no e no misasagi". Sujin's kofun is one of six that are present in the area, these mounds are thought to have built sometime between 250 and 350 AD.

paragraph: Outside of the Kiki, the reign of Emperor Kinmei ( – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates. The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu between 737 and 806 AD. The lineal ancestor of the current reigning emperor can be traced back to Emperor Kōkaku, who lived a thousand years later.

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and children.

paragraph: Empress: , Prince Ōhiko's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third Son: , later Emperor Suinin

paragraph: Consort: , Kii no Arakahatobe's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- ancestor of Keno Clan (毛野君)[

paragraph: BULLET::::- , first Saiō

paragraph: Consort: , Prince Tatehiroshinabi's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- , ancestor of

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: →See under "Nihon Shoki" for fuller bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , alt-link English translation

paragraph: BULLET::::- , searchtext resource to retrieve kanbun text vs. English tr. (Aston) in blocs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , modern Japanese translation.

paragraph: BULLET::::- sacred texts

paragraph: BULLET::::- , annotated Japanese.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past". Berkeley: University of California Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan encyclopedia". Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon". Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns". New York: Columbia University Press. ;

paragraph: Section::::External links.

alias:
崇神天皇
Sujin-tennō
Emperor Sujin
Sūjin
Emperor Sūjin
Mimakiiribikoinie no Sumeramikoto
Hatsukunishirasu Sumeramikoto
崇 神 天皇, Sujin Tennō

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Sujin

wikipedia_title: Emperor Sujin


text: Emperor of Japan

text: order of succession

text: Yamato Takeru

text: Kusanagi

text: Atsuta Shrine

text: Imperial Regalia of Japan

text: next emperor

text: memorial

text: Shinto

text: tomb

text: Nara

text: pseudo-historical

text: Kojiki

text: Nihon Shoki

text: exaggerated and/or distorted

text: Emperor Suinin

text: Kojiki

text: Nihon Shoki

text: Yamato Takeru

text: Kyūshū

text: Izumo Province

text: Kusanagi

text: Atsuta Shrine

text: Gigantism

text: exaggerated

text: Yamato Takeru

text: next emperor

text: posthumously

text: Yamato dynasty

text: Kojiki

text: Kentoshi

text: recorded

text: grave

text: memorial

text: Shinto

text: shrine

text: Nara

text: Imperial Household Agency

text: mausoleum

text: Emperor Kinmei

text: Emperor Kanmu

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Takahashi Ujibumi

text: Aston, William George.

text: Brown, Delmer M.

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past".

text: Chamberlain, Basil Hall.

text: "The Kojiki".

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan".

text: "Studies in Shinto and Shrines".

text: Titsingh, Isaac.

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon".

text: Varley, H. Paul.

text: "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns".

categories: Legendary Emperors of Japan,2nd-century monarchs in Asia,2nd-century Japanese monarchs,People of Yayoi-period Japan,1st-century monarchs in Asia,1st-century Japanese monarchs

paragraph: Emperor Keikō

paragraph: , also known as was the 12th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Both the "Kojiki", and the "Nihon Shoki" (collectively known as the "Kiki") record events that took place during Keikō's alleged lifetime. Keikō was recorded as being an exceptionally tall emperor who had a very large family. During his reign he sought to expand territorial control through conquest of local tribes. He had a very important son named "Prince Ōsu" (Yamato Takeru), who was in possession of the Kusanagi when he died. This treasure was later moved to Atsuta Shrine, and is now a part of the Imperial Regalia of Japan. There is a possibility that Keikō actually lived or reigned in the 4th century AD rather than the 1st, but more information is needed to confirm this view.

paragraph: Keikō's reign is conventionally considered to have been from 71 to 130 AD. During his alleged lifetime, he fathered at least 80 children with two chief wives (empress) and nine consorts. One of his sons became the next emperor upon his death in 130 AD, but the location of Keikō's grave (if any) is unknown. Keikō is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto tomb ("misasagi") at Nara.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.

paragraph: The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Keiko is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the pseudo-historical "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki", which are collectively known as or "Japanese chronicles". These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and/or distorted over time. The records state that Keikō was born sometime in 13 BC, and was given the name "Otarashihiko-no-mikoto". He was the 3rd son of Emperor Suinin, and his second empress wife "Hibasu-hime". Otarashihiko-no-mikoto was allegedly chosen as crown prince over his elder brother based on a casual question on what they both had wished for. In the former's case he said "The Empire" while his elder brother said "Bow and arrows". Otarashihiko-no-mikoto later ascended to the throne in 71 AD, coming a year after his father's death.

paragraph: Accounts in the "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki" are split when it comes to initial territorial expansion during Emperor Keikō's reign. In the "Kojiki", the Emperor is said to have sent his son "Prince Ōsu" (Yamato Takeru) to Kyūshū to conquer local tribes. Alternatively, the "Nihon Shoki" records that he went there himself and won battles against local tribes. Both sources agree that Keikō later sent Yamato Takeru to Izumo Province, and eastern provinces to conquer the area and spread his territory. According to traditional sources, Yamato Takeru died in the . The possessions of the dead prince were gathered together along with the sword Kusanagi; and his widow venerated his memory in a shrine at her home. Sometime later, these relics and the sacred sword were moved to the current location of the Atsuta Shrine.

paragraph: Emperor Keikō was recorded as 10 feet 2 inches tall (310.9 cm), who had at least 80 children from multiple wives. This claim would put him into the category of Gigantism if verified, although as with other aspects it was more than likely exaggerated. Other than Yamato Takeru, at least three of Keikō's children were ancestors of notable clans. Emperor Keikō died in 130 AD at the age of 142, and his son Prince "Wakatarashihiko" was enthroned as the next emperor the following year.

paragraph: Section::::Known information.

paragraph: Emperor Keikō is regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor" as there is insufficient material available for further verification and study. The name Keikō"-tennō" was assigned to him posthumously by later generations. His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Keikō, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the "Kojiki". There is a possibility that Keikō's era was in the 4th century AD rather than the 1st. This period is concurrent with the Kentoshi having an audience with the Tang Emperor, more evidence is needed though to make any conclusions. Like his father before him, Keikō is also known to have an exaggerated lifespan which is unlikely to be factual. The consecutive reigns of the emperors began to be compiled in the 8th century, and it is thought that age gaps were "filled up" as many lacunae were present. For comparison, verified ages in the 110s have since been documented and recorded as the "oldest in the world".

paragraph: While the actual site of Keikō's grave is not known, the Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Nara. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Keikō's mausoleum, and is formally named "Yamanobe no michi no e no misasagi". Outside of the "Kiki", the reign of Emperor Kinmei ( – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates. The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu between 737 and 806 AD.

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and children.

paragraph: Emperor Keikō allegedly had a very large family which consisted of 2 wives, 9 concubines, and more than 80 children (51 of which are listed here). It is now questionable and open to debate though, if these numbers are genuine or not. Some of his listed children might actually be duplicates of the same person. The size of Keikō's family also could have been exaggerated over time through legends and word of mouth stories.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takahashi Ujibumi

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aston, William George. (1896). "Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697". London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chamberlain, Basil Hall. (1920). "The Kojiki". Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882; reprinted, May, 1919.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan". Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- __________. (1953). "Studies in Shinto and Shrines". Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

alias:
Keiko
Emperor Keiko
Emperor Keikō
景行天皇
Keikō-tennō
Ootarashihikooshirowake no Sumeramikoto
Keikou

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Keikō

wikipedia_title: Emperor Keikō


text: Emperor Kinmei

text: Emperor Kanmu

text: Yamato dynasty

text: Emperor Nintoku

text: Princess Iwano-hime

text: Emperor Richū

text: Emperor Tenmu

text: Empress Jitō

text: Shibagaki

text: Tajihi

text: Matsubara, Osaka

text: grave

text: memorial

text: Shinto

text: shrine

text: Sakai, Osaka

text: Imperial Household Agency

text: mausoleum

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Five kings of Wa

text: Aston, William George.

text: Brown, Delmer M.

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past."

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: Titsingh, Isaac.

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon."

text: Varley, H. Paul.

categories: Japanese emperors,People of Kofun-period Japan,5th-century monarchs in Asia

paragraph: Emperor Hanzei

paragraph: No firm dates can be assigned to this Emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 406 CE to 410 CE.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.

paragraph: Hanzei is regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor" of the 5th century. The reign of Emperor Kinmei ( – 571 AD), the 29th Emperor, is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates; however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.

paragraph: Hanzei was the son of Emperor Nintoku and Princess Iwano-hime, his name was . He was the brother of Emperor Richū; and this succession effectively by-passed Richū's two sons. No other details have survived.

paragraph: Hanzei's contemporary title would not have been "tennō", as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably , meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Hanzei might have been referred to as or the "Great King of Yamato".

paragraph: The "Nihongi" records that the country enjoyed peace during this Emperor's reign.

paragraph: The description of Hanzei in the "Kojiki" is daunting as he is described as standing over nine feet tall and have enormous teeth all the same size. He is said to have ruled from the palace of Shibagaki at Tajihi in Kawachi (present-day Matsubara, Osaka); and he is said to have died peacefully in his palace.

paragraph: The actual site of Hanzei's grave is not known. The Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") in Sakai, Osaka.

paragraph: The Imperial Household Agency designates the in Sakai as Hanzei's official mausoleum. It is formally named .

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and children.

paragraph: Consort: , 's daughter

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: BULLET::::- Five kings of Wa

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aston, William George. (1896). "Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697." London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past." Berkeley: University of California Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan." Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns." New York: Columbia University Press. ;

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Emperor Hanzei

wikipedia_title: Emperor Hanzei


text: Emperor of Japan

text: order of succession

text: Emperor Kinmei

text: Emperor Kanmu

text: Yamato dynasty

text: Kojiki

text: Nihon Shoki

text: Emperor Nintoku

text: Iwanohime

text: Emperor Tenmu

text: Empress Jitō

text: King San

text: Book of Song

text: Liu Song dynasty

text: Naniwa Place

text: Isonokami Shrine

text: arson

text: Osaka Prefecture

text: Emperor Hanzei

text: Emperor Kenzō

text: Emperor Ninken

text: grave

text: memorial

text: Shinto shrine

text: Sakai, Osaka

text: Imperial Household Agency

text: mausoleum

text: kofun

text: Emperor Kenzō

text: Emperor Ninken

text: Emperor Ōjin

text: Emperor Anko

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Five kings of Wa

text: Aston, William George.

text: "Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697."

text: Brown, Delmer M.

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past."

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: Titsingh, Isaac.

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon."

text: Varley, H. Paul.

text: "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns."

text: Digital Burial Mound Encyclopedia entry

categories: 5th-century Japanese monarchs,4th-century monarchs in Asia,Year of birth unknown,4th-century Japanese monarchs,People of Kofun-period Japan,5th-century monarchs in Asia,Japanese emperors

paragraph: Emperor Richū

paragraph: , also known as was the 17th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

paragraph: No firm dates can be assigned to this Emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 400 to 405.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.

paragraph: Richū is regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor" of the 5th century. The reign of Emperor Kinmei ( – 571 AD), the 29th Emperor, is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates; however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.

paragraph: According to "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki", Richū was the eldest son of Emperor Nintoku and Iwanohime, his name was .

paragraph: Richū's contemporary title would not have been "tennō", as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably , meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Hanzei might have been referred to as or the "Great King of Yamato".

paragraph: Some scholars identify him with King San in the "Book of Song". King San sent messengers to the Liu Song dynasty at least twice in 421 and 425.

paragraph: Richū escaped from Naniwa Place to Isonokami Shrine because of arson. Richū succumbed to disease in his sixth year of reign. His tomb is in Kawachi province, in the middle of present-day Osaka Prefecture. He was succeeded by his younger brother Emperor Hanzei. None of his sons succeeded to the throne, although two grandsons would eventually ascend as Emperor Kenzō and as Emperor Ninken.

paragraph: The site of Richū's grave is not known. The Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") in Sakai, Osaka. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Richū's mausoleum. It is formally named "Mozu no mimihara no minami no misasagi." It is also identified as the kofun.

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and children.

paragraph: Imperial Consort: , Katsuragi no Ashita no Sukune's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Son: , father of Emperor Kenzō and Emperor Ninken

paragraph: Empress: , Emperor Ōjin's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- , wife of Prince Ōkusaka, later married Emperor Anko

paragraph: Concubine: , Prince Funashiwake's daughter

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: BULLET::::- Five kings of Wa

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Household Agency webpage on mausoleum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Digital Burial Mound Encyclopedia entry

alias:
履中天皇
Richū-tennō
Richu
Emperor Richū
Emperor Richu
Richuu

description: Japanese emperor

wikidata_label: Richū

wikipedia_title: Emperor Richū


text: Emperor Richū

text: Emperor Yūryaku

text: Akashi

text: Harima Province

text: Emperor Seinei

text: Emperor Tenmu

text: Empress Jitō

text: Yamato Province

text: Osaka Prefecture

text: Nara Prefecture

text: Emperor Yuryaku

text: grave

text: memorial

text: Shinto

text: shrine

text: Osaka

text: Imperial Household Agency

text: mausoleum

text: Emperor Yuryaku

text: Iitoyo

text: Imperial cult

text: Aston, William George.

text: Brown, Delmer M.

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past."

text: Murray, David

text: "Japan."

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: Titsingh, Isaac

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon"

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: Varley, H. Paul.

categories: People of Kofun-period Japan,5th-century monarchs in Asia,Japanese emperors,5th-century births,5th-century deaths

paragraph: Emperor Kenzō

paragraph: No firm dates can be assigned to this Emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 485 to 487.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.

paragraph: , later to become Emperor Kenzō, is said to have been the grandson of Emperor Richū, and the son of Ichinobe-no Oshiwa. He would have been quite young when Emperor Yūryaku shot the arrow which killed his father during a hunting expedition; and this caused both Prince Woke and his older brother, Prince Oke, to flee for their lives. They found refuge at Akashi in Harima Province where they hid by living in obscurity. Histories from that period explained that the two brothers sought to blend into this rural community by posing as common herdsmen.

paragraph: It is said that the Oke came by chance to Akashi; and at that time, Prince Oke revealed his true identity. This intermediary re-introduced the lost cousins to Emperor Seinei, who had by this time ascended to the throne after the death of his father, the former Emperor Yūryaku. Seinei invited both brothers to return the court; and he adopted both of them as sons and heirs.

paragraph: At Seinei's death, he had no other heirs than Prince Oke and Prince Woke, whose father had been killed by Yūraku. At this point, Woke wanted his elder brother to become Emperor; but Oke refused. The two could not reach an agreement. The great men of the court insisted that one or the other of the brothers must accept the throne; but in the end, Woke proved to be more adamant. Prince Woke agreed to accept the throne; and Kenzō was ultimately proclaimed as the new Emperor—which created a sense of relief for all the people who had endured this period of uncertainty.

paragraph: Kenzō is considered to have ruled the country during the late-5th century, but there is a paucity of information about him. There is insufficient material available for further verification and study.

paragraph: Kenzō's contemporary title would not have been "tennō", as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably , meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Kenzō might have been referred to as or the "Great King of Yamato".

paragraph: Section::::Kenzō's reign.

paragraph: It is recorded that his capital was at in Yamato Province. The location of the palace is thought to have been in present-day Osaka Prefecture or Nara Prefecture.

paragraph: Murray reports that the only event of major consequence during Kenzō's reign had to do with the filial respect he showed for his murdered father. Kenzō arranged to have his father's remains retrieved and re-interred in a mausoleum appropriate for the son of an Emperor and the father of another.

paragraph: Kenzō died at age 38, reigning only three years. He too had no other heirs; so his brother would follow him on the throne. His Empress was , Prince Oka-no-Wakugo's daughter (also Prince Iwaki's granddaughter and Emperor Yuryaku's great granddaughter).

paragraph: The actual site of Kenzō's grave is not known. The Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Osaka.

paragraph: The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Kenzō's mausoleum. It is formally named "Kataoka no Iwatsuki no oka no kita no misasagi".

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and children.

paragraph: Empress: , Prince Oka-no-Wakugo's daughter (also Prince Iwaki's granddaughter and Emperor Yuryaku's great granddaughter)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iitoyo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aston, William George. (1896). "Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697." London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past." Berkeley: University of California Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, David. (1906). "Japan." New York: G.P. Putnam & Sons.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan." Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Annales des empereurs du Japon" ("Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.

alias:
Emperor Kenzo
Emperor Kenzou

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Emperor Kenzō

wikipedia_title: Emperor Kenzō


text: Kojiki

text: Emperor Keitai

text: Emperor Tenmu

text: Empress Jitō

text: kofun

text: Habikino, Osaka

text: Emperor Ninken

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Aston, William George.

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past."

text: E. P. Dutton

text: Trafford Publishing

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: Titsingh, Isaac.

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon."

text: Varley, H. Paul.

categories: Japanese emperors,6th-century monarchs in Asia,People of Kofun-period Japan

paragraph: Emperor Ankan

paragraph: No firm dates can be assigned to this Emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 531 to 536.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.

paragraph: According to the "Kojiki", , later Emperor Ankan, was the elder son of Emperor Keitai, who is considered to have ruled the country during the early-6th century, though there is a paucity of information about him. When Ankan was 66 years old, Keitai abdicated in favor of him.

paragraph: Ankan's contemporary title would not have been "tennō", as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably , meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Ankan might have been referred to as or the "Great King of Yamato".

paragraph: The most noteworthy event recorded during his reign was the construction of state granaries in large numbers throughout Japan, indicating the broad reach of imperial power at the time.

paragraph: Ankan's grave is traditionally associated with the Takayatsukiyama kofun in Habikino, Osaka.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: Empress: , Emperor Ninken's daughter

paragraph: Consort: , Kose no Ohito no Ōomi's daughter

paragraph: Consort: , Mononobe no Itabi no Ōomuraji's daughter

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mason, Joseph Warren Teets. (1935) "The Meaning of Shinto: The Primaeval Foundation of Creative Spirit in Modern Japan." New York: E. P. Dutton. [reprinted by Trafford Publishing, Victoria, British Columbia, 2002. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan." Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns." New York: Columbia University Press. ;

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Ankan

wikipedia_title: Emperor Ankan


text: Kojiki

text: Nihon Shoki

text: Koshi

text: Sea of Japan

text: Emperor Tenmu

text: Empress Jitō

text: Emperor Ōjin

text: Emperor Buretsu

text: Kanamura

text: Emperor Suinin

text: Emperor Ōjin

text: Shaku Nihongi

text: Jōgūki

text: Emperor Ingyō

text: Shaku Nihongi

text: Koshi

text: Echizen Province

text: Emperor Ankan

text: Emperor Senka

text: Emperor Kinmei

text: Kawachi Province

text: Emperor Buretsu

text: Yamato Province

text: Iwai Rebellion

text: Kyūshū

text: Mononobe no Arakabi

text: Emperor Ankan

text: Emperor Senka

text: Emperor Kinmei

text: grave

text: memorial

text: Shinto

text: shrine

text: kofun

text: Ibaraki, Osaka

text: Imperial Household Agency

text: mausoleum

text: Emperor Ninken

text: Emperor Kinmei

text: Emperor Ankan

text: Emperor Senka

text: Saiō

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Aston, William George.

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past."

text: Hall

text: Cambridge University Press

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: "A History of Writing in Japan."

text: Brill Publishers

text: University of Hawaii Press

text: Titsingh, Isaac.

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon."

text: Varley, H. Paul.

categories: Japanese emperors,People from Fukui Prefecture,6th-century monarchs in Asia,People of Kofun-period Japan

paragraph: Emperor Keitai

paragraph: No firm dates can be assigned to this Emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 507 to 531.

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.

paragraph: Keitai is considered to have ruled the country during the early-6th century, but there is a paucity of information about him. There is insufficient material available for further verification and study. Significant differences exist in the records of the "Kojiki" and the "Nihon Shoki".

paragraph: The "Kojiki" puts this Emperor's birth year at 485; and his date of death is said to have been April 9, 527. In the extant account, he is called .

paragraph: The "Nihon Shoki" gives his birth year at 450; and he is said to have died on February 7, 531 or 534. In this historical record, he is said to have been called and .

paragraph: In other historical records, he is said to have originally been King of Koshi, a smaller tribal entity, apparently in northern parts of central Japan, perhaps as far as the coast of Sea of Japan. Some modern reference works of history call Keitai simply "King Ohodo of Koshi".

paragraph: Keitai's contemporary title would not have been "tennō", as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably , meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Keitai might have been referred to as or the "Great King of Yamato".

paragraph: Section::::Legendary narrative.:Genealogy.

paragraph: Keitai was not the son of the immediate previous monarch. According to the "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki", Buretsu died without a successor, at which time a fifth generation grandson of Emperor Ōjin, Keitai, came and ascended the throne.

paragraph: If Emperor Keitai began a new dynasty as some historians believe, then Emperor Buretsu would have been the last monarch of the first recorded dynasty of Japan.

paragraph: According to the "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki", his father was and his mother was . When Buretsu died, Kanamura recommended Keitai (at the age of 58) as a possible heir to the Yamato throne. His mother, Furihime, was a seventh generation descendant of Emperor Suinin by his son, Prince Iwatsukuwake. His father was a fourth generation descendant of Emperor Ōjin by his son, Prince Wakanuke no Futamata.

paragraph: Genealogy information is supplemented in "Shaku Nihongi" which quotes from the now lost text "Jōgūki" (7th century). It says he was a son of Ushi no Ōkimi (believed to be equivalent to Hikoushi no Ōkimi), a grandson of Ohi no Ōkimi, a great-grandson of Ohohoto no Ōkimi (brother to Emperor Ingyō's consort), a great-great-grandson of Prince Wakanuke no Futamata, and a great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Ōjin.

paragraph: The genealogical trees of the "Nihon Shoki" have been lost, and the accuracy of its account of events remains unknown. This uncertainty raises arguable doubts about this Emperor's genealogy.

paragraph: Although genealogical information in the "Shaku Nihongi" leaves room for discussion, many scholars acknowledge the blood relationship with the Okinaga clan, a powerful local ruling family or the collateral line of the Imperial family-governed Ōmi region (a part of present-day Shiga Prefecture). This family produced many empresses and consorts throughout history. According to the "Nihon Shoki", Ohohoto no Ōkimi, the great-grandfather of Emperor Keitai, married into the Okinaga clan. Keitai's mother, Furihime, was from a local ruling family in Koshi (Echizen Province), so his mother brought him to her home after his father's death. Abundant traditions relating to the family have been passed down by shrines and old-established families in both regions.

paragraph: Regardless of speculation about Keitai's genealogy, it is well settled that there was an extended period of disputes over the succession which developed after Keitai's death. A confrontation arose between adherents of two branches of the Yamato, pitting the supporters of sons who would become known as Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka against those who were backers of the son who would become known as Emperor Kinmei.

paragraph: Section::::Keitai's reign.

paragraph: Keitai declared his ascension in Kusuba, in the northern part of Kawachi Province (present day Shijonawate, Osaka), and married a younger sister of Emperor Buretsu, Princess Tashiraka. It is supposed that his succession was not welcomed by everyone, and it took about 20 years for Keitai to enter Yamato Province, near Kawachi and the political center of Japan at the time.

paragraph: In Keitai's later years, 527 or 528, the Iwai Rebellion broke out in Tsukushi province, Kyūshū. Keitai assigned Mononobe no Arakabi as Shōgun and sent him to Kyūshū to put down the rebellion.

paragraph: Among his sons, Emperor Ankan, Emperor Senka and Emperor Kinmei ascended to the throne.

paragraph: The actual site of Keitai's grave is not known. The Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at the Ooda Chausuyama kofun in Ibaraki, Osaka.

paragraph: The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Keitai's mausoleum. It is formally named "Mishima no Aikinu no misasagi".

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and children.

paragraph: Empress: , Emperor Ninken's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- , later Emperor Kinmei

paragraph: Consort: , Owari no Muraji Kusaka's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Son: , later Emperor Ankan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secons son: , later Emperor Senka

paragraph: Consort: , Mio no Tsunoori no Kimi's younger sister

paragraph: Consort: , Prince Sakata no Ōmata's daughter

paragraph: Consort: , daughter of

paragraph: BULLET::::- , Saiō

paragraph: Consort: , daughter of

paragraph: Consort: , daughter of

paragraph: Consort: , daughter of

paragraph: Consort: , daughter of

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hall, John Whitney. (1993). "The Cambridge history of Japan: Ancient Japan," Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kim Yong Woon (2009). "History and the Future are One" (천황은 백제어로 말한다). Seoul.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seeley, Christopher. (1991). "A History of Writing in Japan." Leiden: Brill Publishers. —reprinted by University of Hawaii Press (2000).

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Keitai

wikipedia_title: Emperor Keitai


text: Chrysanthemum Throne

text: Emperor Seiwa

text: Fujiwara no Mototsune

text: Jōgan

text: Gangyō

text: nengō

text: Baekje

text: Hachiman

text: Kamo

text: Ise Province

text: Kanpaku

text: Rikkokushi

text: Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku

text: Kitabatake Chikafusa

text: Sesshō

text: Daijō Daijin

text: kuge

text: Emperor Kōkō

text: Emperor Uda

text: Kanpyō

text: Sika Deer

text: Shinto

text: grave

text: memorial

text: Shinto

text: shrine

text: Imperial Household Agency

text: mausoleum

text: Emperor of Japan

text: Meiji

text: Daijō-kan

text: Sesshō

text: Fujiwara no Mototsune

text: Kampaku

text: Daijō-daijin

text: Sadaijin

text: Udaijin

text: Naidaijin

text: Dainagon

text: Dainagon

text: era name

text: nengō

text: Jōgan

text: Gangyō

text: Hi

text: Emperor Kōkō

text: Hi

text: Emperor Kōkō

text: Hi

text: Prince Motonaga

text: Prince Mototoshi

text: Prince Motoyoshi

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past".

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan".

text: Titsingh, Isaac

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon".

text: Varley, H. Paul

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Deer (mythology)

text: Emperor Go-Yōzei

categories: 9th-century rulers in Asia,949 deaths,10th-century Japanese people,869 births,9th-century Japanese monarchs,Japanese emperors

paragraph: Emperor Yōzei

paragraph: Yōzei's reign spanned the years from 876 through 884.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional narrative.

paragraph: Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his "imina") was Sadaakira "Shinnō" (貞明親王).

paragraph: Yōzei was the oldest son of Emperor Seiwa. His mother was the Empress Fujiwara no Takaiko, who was also known after Seiwa's abdication as the Nijō empress. Yōzei's mother was the sister of Fujiwara no Mototsune, who would figure prominently in the young emperor's life.

paragraph: In ancient Japan, there were four noble clans, the "Gempeitōkitsu" (源平藤橘). One of these clans, the Minamoto clan (源氏) are also known as Genji, and of these, the "Yōzei Genji" (陽成源氏) are descended from the 57th emperor Yōzei.

paragraph: Yōzei had nine Imperial children, born after he had abdicated.

paragraph: Section::::Events of Yōzei's life.

paragraph: Yōzei was made emperor when he was an immature, unformed young boy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 869 ("Jōgan 10"): Yōzei was born, and he is named Seiwa's heir in the following year.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 18 December 876 ("Jōgan 18, 29th day of the 11th month"): In the 18th year of Emperor Seiwa's reign (清和天皇十八年), he ceded his throne to his son, which meant that the young child received the succession ("senso"). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Yōzei formally acceded to the throne ("sokui").

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20 January 877 ("Gangyō 1, 3rd day of the 1st month"): Yōzei was formally enthroned at age 8; and the beginning of a new "nengō" was proclaimed. However, the new residence being constructed for the emperor had not been completed; and initially, he must live elsewhere in the palace compound.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 877 ("Gangyō 1, 2nd month"): Ambassadors from "Baekje" arrived in the province of Izumo; but they were turned back.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 877 ("Gangyō 1, 6th month"): There was a great drought; and sacrifices were made at the temples of Hachiman, Kamo and other temples in Ise Province. Eventually, it rained.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 883 ("Gangyō 7, 1st month"): In his early teens, Yōzei often spent time alone; and sometimes he would feed live frogs to snakes so that he could watch the reptile swallowing; or sometimes, he would find pleasure in setting dogs and monkeys to fight. In time, these amusements became more dangerous. He himself executed criminals. When he became angry, he sometimes chased after those who dared speak up; and he sometimes tried to use his sword. Fujiwara no Mototsune, the "Kanpaku", used every possible opportunity to turn Yōzei towards more seemly conduct, but the emperor closed his ears to all remonstrances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 884 ("Gangyō 8, 1st month"): The extravagant and dangerous habits of the emperor continued unabated. At one point, Mototsune came to the court and discovered that Yōzei had arranged a bizarre scenario for his diversion: He ordered some men to climb high into trees, and then he ordered others to use sharp lances to poke at these men in trees until they fell to their deaths. This extraordinary event convinced Motosune that the emperor was too "undignified" to reign. Mototsune reluctantly realized that someone needed to devise a strategy for deposing the emperor. Shortly thereafter, Mototsune approached Yōzei and remarked that it must be boring to be so often alone, and then Mototsune suggested that the emperor might be amused by a horse race. Yōzei was attracted to this proposition, and he eagerly encouraged Mototsune to set a time and place for the event. It was decided that this special amusement for the emperor would take place on the 4th day of the 2nd month of Gangyō 8.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4 March 884 ("Gangyō 8, 4th day of the 2nd month"): The pretext of a special horse race enticed the emperor to leave his palace. Yōzei traveled in a carriage which was quickly surrounded by a heavy guard. The carriage was redirected to "Yo seí in" palace ("Yang tchhing yuan") at "Ni zio", a town situated a short distance to the south-west of Miyako. Mototsune confronted the emperor, explaining that his demented behavior made him incapable of reigning, and that he was being dethroned. At this news, Yōzei cried sincerely, which did attract feelings of compassion from those who witnessed his contrition.

paragraph: According to very scanty information from the Imperial archives, including sources such as "Rikkokushi," and "Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku," Emperor Yōzei murdered one of his retainers, an action that caused massive scandal in the Heian court. Japanese society during the Heian era was very sensitive to issues of "pollution," both spiritual and personal. Deaths (especially killing animals or people) were the worst acts of pollution possible, and warranted days of seclusion in order to purify oneself. Since the Emperor was seen as a divine figure and linked to the deities, pollution of such extreme degree committed by the highest source was seen as extremely ruinous. Many of the high court officials construed Emperor Yōzei's actions as exceeding the bounds of acceptable behavior, and as justifiable cause for the emperor to be forcibly deposed.

paragraph: In Kitabatake Chikafusa's 14th-century account of Emperor Yōzei's reign, the emperor is described as possessing a "violent disposition" and unfit to be a ruler. In the end, when Fujiwara no Mototsune, who was "Sesshō" (regent for the child-emperor, 876–880), "Kampaku" (chief advisor or first secretary for the emperor, 880–890), and "Daijō Daijin" (Great Minister of the Council of State), decided that Yōzei should be removed from the throne, he discovered that there was general agreement amongst the "kuge" that this was a correct and necessary decision.

paragraph: Yōzei was succeeded by his father's uncle, Emperor Kōkō; and in the reign of Kōkō's son, Emperor Uda, the madness re-visited the tormented former emperor:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 889 ("Kanpyō 1, 10th month"): The former emperor Yōzei was newly attacked by the mental illness. Yōzei would enter the palace and address courtiers he would meet with the greatest rudeness. He became increasingly furious. He garroted women with the strings of musical instruments and then threw the bodies into a lake. While riding on horseback, he directed his mount to run over people. Sometimes he simply disappeared into the mountains where he chased wild boars and Sika Deer, which in Shinto cosmology, were considered to be messengers of the "kami."

paragraph: Yōzei lived in retirement until the age of 80.

paragraph: The actual site of Yōzei's grave is known. This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Kyoto.

paragraph: The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Yōzei's mausoleum. It is formally named "Kaguragaoka no Higashi no misasagi".

paragraph: Section::::Events of Yōzei's life.:Kugyō.

paragraph: is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

paragraph: In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Yozei's reign, this apex of the "Daijō-kan" included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sesshō", Fujiwara no Mototsune (藤原基経), 836–891.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kampaku", Fujiwara no Mototsune (藤原基経).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daijō-daijin", Fujiwara no Mototsune.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin", Minamoto no Tōru (源融).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Fujiwara no Mototsune.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Minamoto no Masaru (源多).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naidaijin" (not appointed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dainagon", Minamoto no Masaru (源多).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dainagon", Minafuchi no Toshina (南淵年名), 807–877

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Yōzei's reign.

paragraph: The years of Yōzei's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō". During this time, the tradition of naming eras because of good omens changed. Instead, the name of an era might be chosen to limit the effects of something bad.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jōgan" (859–877)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gangyō" (877–885)

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and children.

paragraph: Consort (Hi): Imperial Princess Kanshin (簡子内親王) (d. 914), Emperor Kōkō's second daughter

paragraph: Consort (Hi): Imperial Princess Yasuko (綏子内親王) (d. 925), Emperor Kōkō's third daughter

paragraph: Consort (Hi): Princess "Kyoko" (姣子女王; d. 914), Imperial Prince Koretada's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Motonaga (元長親王; 901–976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Mototoshi (元利親王; d. 964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess "Chōshi" (長子内親王; d. 922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess "Genshi" (儼子内親王; d. 930)

paragraph: Court lady: Fujiwara no Tōnaga's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Son: Imperial Prince Motoyoshi (元良親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Motohira (元平親王; d. 958)

paragraph: Court lady: daughter of Ki clan

paragraph: BULLET::::- First son: Minamoto no Kiyokage (源清蔭; 884–950), "Dainagon" 948–950

paragraph: Court lady: Tomo Yasuhira's daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Kiyomi (源清鑒; d. 936)

paragraph: Court lady: daughter of Saeki clan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Kiyotō (源清遠; d. 912)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past". Berkeley: University of California Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan". Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon". Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns". New York: Columbia University Press. ;

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deer (mythology)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Go-Yōzei

alias:
陽成天皇
Yōzei-tennō
Emperor Yōzei
Yozei
Youzei

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Yōzei

wikipedia_title: Emperor Yōzei


text:
Spoleto
Grand Prix
motorcycle
road racer
1959
1960
MV Agusta
John Surtees

wikipedia_title: 1959 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season

wikipedia_title: 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season

categories: 1927 births,350cc World Championship riders,Italian motorcycle racers,People from Spoleto,500cc World Championship riders,250cc World Championship riders,Sportspeople from Umbria,125cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Remo Venturi

paragraph: Remo Venturi (born April 21, 1927 in Spoleto) is a former Italian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. His best years were in 1959 and 1960 when he finished second in the 500cc world championship to his MV Agusta teammate, John Surtees.

description: Italian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Remo Venturi

wikipedia_title: Remo Venturi