text:
heavy metal
doom metal
Trouble
Danny Cavanagh
Dave Grohl
Probot
The Skull
Psalm 9
The Skull
Run to the Light
Trouble
Manic Frustration
Plastic Green Head
Simple Mind Condition
Probot
Official Eric Wagner website

categories: Trouble (band) members,American heavy metal singers,American performers of Christian music,1959 births,American male singers,Living people

paragraph: Eric Wagner

paragraph: Eric Wagner (born April 24, 1959) is an American heavy metal singer who is best known for his work with doom metal band Trouble, which he formed in 1979 when he was 20 years old. He briefly left Trouble in the mid-nineties and formed Lid with guitarist Danny Cavanagh, resulting in 1997's "In The Mushroom". Wagner rejoined Trouble in 2002 to record Simple Mind Condition. He also appeared on Dave Grohl's heavy metal side project "Probot" in 2004 with the song My Tortured Soul.

paragraph: On May 2, 2008 Wagner announced he was leaving Trouble to pursue other musical interests and projects.

paragraph: Most recently, Wagner has been recording under the band name Blackfinger. He also recently formed The Skull, which also features former Trouble bassist Ron Holzner.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums with Trouble.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 Psalm 9

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 The Skull

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 Run to the Light

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 Trouble

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 Manic Frustration

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Plastic Green Head

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Simple Mind Condition

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums with Lid.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 In the Mushroom

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums with Probot.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Probot

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums with Blackfinger.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 Blackfinger

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 When Colors Fade Away

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums with The Skull.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 For Those Which Are Asleep

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 The Endless Road Turns Dark

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Eric Wagner website

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Eric Wagner

wikipedia_title: Eric Wagner


text:
Bavaria
Colonel General
War Minister
Würzburg
Munich
Lieutenant General
Regensburg

categories: People from Würzburg,1847 births,Bavarian Ministers of War,1923 deaths,Bavarian generals,People from the Kingdom of Bavaria

paragraph: Carl von Horn (1847–1923)

paragraph: Carl Graf von Horn (February 16, 1847 – June 5, 1923) was a Bavarian Colonel General and War Minister from April 4, 1905 to February 16, 1912. He was born in Würzburg and died in Munich. Before he became minister, he was Lieutenant General and divisional commander in Regensburg, where the "Hornstraße" is named in honor of him.

description: Generalfeldmarschall

wikidata_label: Carl von Horn

wikipedia_title: Carl von Horn (1847–1923)


text: Pennsylvania

text: Republican

text: Pennsylvania House of Representatives

text: Delaware County

text: 168th district

text: Saint Joseph's Preparatory School

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Villanova University

text: law degree

text: Villanova University School of Law

text: United States Marine Corps

text: 168th legislative district

text: Pennsylvania House of Representatives

text: PoliticsPA

text: PoliticsPA

text: Feature story

text: yearbook superlatives

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Pennsylvania State Capitol

text: Harrisburg

text: West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania

categories: St. Joseph's Preparatory School alumni,1932 births,Pennsylvania lawyers,Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives,Pennsylvania Republicans,2003 deaths,21st-century American politicians,20th-century American politicians,Speakers of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives,People from Philadelphia,United States Marines,Villanova University alumni

paragraph: Matthew J. Ryan

paragraph: Matthew J. Ryan (April 27, 1932 - March 29, 2003) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for Delaware County from 1963 to 1968 and from the 168th district from 1969 to 2003 including as Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1995 to 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Ryan was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was a 1950 graduate of Saint Joseph's Preparatory School, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He earned a degree from Villanova University in 1954 and a law degree from Villanova University School of Law in 1959. Ryan served in the United States Marine Corps from 1954 to 1956.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Ryan was first elected to represent the 168th legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1962. He served in the House Republican Leadership as Policy Committee Chairman from 1971 to 1972. He was the Republican Whip from 1973–1978, with 1973–1974 spent as the Majority Whip. He was elected Republican Leader in 1979–1980, with those years in the majority. He served as Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1981–1982. In 1983, the Republicans became the minority and Ryan became the Republican Leader again. In 1995, the Republicans regained the majority and elected Ryan Speaker of the House, a position he held until his death in 2003.

paragraph: In 2002, the political website PoliticsPA named him to the list of "Smartest Legislators," calling him "quick and sharp with his Irish wit from the Speaker's rostrum" and a "man of true wisdom." In a 2002 PoliticsPA Feature story designating politicians with yearbook superlatives, he was named the "Most Popular."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital at the University of Pennsylvania is named in his honor.

paragraph: In 1999, the Capitol Annex of the Pennsylvania State Capitol building in Harrisburg was renamed the Speaker Matthew J. Ryan Legislative Office Building.

paragraph: Ryan is interred at the Calvary Cemetery in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Matthew J. Ryan

wikipedia_title: Matthew J. Ryan


text:
Tang
Shang dynasty
King of China
Records of the Grand Historian
Sima Qian
Tang
posthumous name
Wai Bing
Tai Jia
oracle bones
Yinxu
Tai Jia
Bu Bing

paragraph: Da Ding

paragraph: Tai Ding or Da Ding () was the eldest son of King Tang but sources are conflicted as to whether he actually succeeded his father as a Shang dynasty King of China or not.

paragraph: In the "Records of the Grand Historian" he was said by Sima Qian to have died at an early age without succeeding his father King Tang. He was given the posthumous name Tai Ding (Chinese: ) and the throne passed to his younger brother Wai Bing and later to his own son Tai Jia.

paragraph: Inscriptions on oracle bones unearthed at Yinxu record that he was the second Shang king, given the posthumous name Da Ding (Chinese: ), and succeeded by his sons Da Jia (Tai Jia) and Bu Bing (Wai Bing).

wikidata_label: Da Ding of Shang

wikipedia_title: Da Ding


text: First Lady

text: Chile

text: Santiago

text: Diego Antonio Fontecilla Palacios

text: José Miguel Carrera Verdugo

text: Ignacio Carrera Pinto

text: War of the Pacific

text: Rancagua

text: Argentina

text: Carrera family

text: First Lady of Chile

text: Testament of José Miguel Carrera

categories: 1799 births,First Ladies of Chile,19th-century Chilean people,People from Santiago,1853 deaths

paragraph: Mercedes Fontecilla

paragraph: María Mercedes Fontecilla y Fernández de Valdivieso (June 18, 1799 – May 5, 1853) was a First Lady of Chile.

paragraph: Mercedes Fontecilla was born in Santiago, the daughter of Diego Antonio Fontecilla Palacios and of Rosa Fernández de Valdivieso y Portusagasti. She married José Miguel Carrera Verdugo on August 20, 1814, and together they had five children: Francisca Javiera, Roberta, Rosa, Josefa and (who was born after the death of his father, and was in turn the father of Ignacio Carrera Pinto, hero of the War of the Pacific.) After the defeat of Rancagua, together with her husband, she emigrated to Argentina. Mercedes Fontecilla followed him during all his campaigns and was allowed to return to Chile only in 1821.

paragraph: After the execution of General Carrera in 1823, she married , with whom she another four children: Benjamín, Mercedes, Mariana and Carolina. She died in Santiago at the age of 54.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carrera family

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Lady of Chile

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical chart of José Miguel Carrera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Testament of José Miguel Carrera

description: First Lady of Chile

wikidata_label: Mercedes Fontecilla

wikipedia_title: Mercedes Fontecilla


text: Romania

text: Galați

text: Florica Musicescu

text: Dinu Lipatti

text: Heinrich Neuhaus

text: Sviatoslav Richter

text: Emil Gilels

text: Decca Records

text: Beethoven

text: Brahms

text: Grieg

text: Mozart

text: Schubert

text: Schumann

text: Szymon Goldberg

text: Debussy

text: Franck

text: Kyung Wha Chung

text: Murray Perahia

text: CBS Masterworks

text: Barbara Hendricks

text: EMI

text: Daniel Barenboim

text: Teldec

text: Bartók

text: Debussy

text: Enescu

text: Janáček

text: Grammy Award

text: Edison Award

text: Franco Abbiati Prize

text: Galați

text: Romania

text: The Christian Science Monitor

text: Brașov

text: Bucharest Conservatory

text: Florica Musicescu

text: Dinu Lipatti

text: Moscow Conservatory

text: Galina Eguiazarova

text: Alexander Goldenweiser

text: Heinrich Neuhaus

text: Sviatoslav Richter

text: Emil Gilels

text: Stanislav Neuhaus

text: Maria Curcio

text: Artur Schnabel

text: audodidactic

text: Furtwängler

text: Toscanini

text: Aaron Copland

text: Sergei Prokofiev

text: Piano Concerto No. 2

text: The Washington Post

text: Beethoven

text: Piano Concerto No. 5

text: Alicia de Larrocha

text: Carnegie Hall

text: New York City

text: Schubert

text: Chopin

text: Leeds International Piano Competition

text: Piano Concerto No. 3

text: Joan Chissell

text: The Times

text: Piano Sonata No. 7

text: Decca Records

text: Rhapsody in B minor

text: Three Intermezzi

text: Schubert

text: Piano Sonata in A minor

text: The Proms

text: Brahms

text: Piano Concerto No. 1

text: BBC Symphony Orchestra

text: Edo de Waart

text: Royal Albert Hall

text: London Symphony Orchestra

text: Lawrence Foster

text: 32 Variations in C minor

text: Cleveland Orchestra

text: Daniel Barenboim

text: Carnegie Hall

text: New York City

text: Chicago Symphony Orchestra

text: Carlo Maria Giulini

text: Harold C. Schonberg

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: The New York Times

text: Glenn Gould

text: New York Philharmonic

text: Leonard Bernstein

text: Royal Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Schumann

text: Op. 54

text: Grieg

text: Op. 16

text: London Symphony Orchestra

text: André Previn

text: Gramophone

text: Hunter College

text: John Rockwell

text: Piano Sonata in B-flat major

text: New York Philharmonic

text: Piano Concerto No. 21

text: James Conlon

text: Concertgebouw Orchestra

text: André Tchaikowsky

text: Uri Segal

text: Royal Festival Hall

text: 6 Klavierstücke

text: 4 Klavierstücke

text: Stereo Review

text: Berlin Philharmonic

text: Herbert von Karajan

text: Salzburg Festival

text: Avery Fisher Hall

text: Andrew Porter

text: The New Yorker

text: Impromptus

text: Franco Abbiati Prize

text: Edison Award

text: Schumann

text: Kinderszenen

text: Kreisleriana

text: Humoreske

text: Grammy Award

text: Grammy Awards of 1995

text: A major

text: 2016 New Year Honours

text: Arthur Rubinstein

text: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Mieczysław Horszowski

text: tone production

text: Mitsuko Uchida

text: Humphrey Burton

text: BBC Radio 3

text: Nikolai Lugansky

text: András Schiff

text: Emanuel Ax

text: Daniel Barenboim

text: Seong-Jin Cho

text: Kirill Gerstein

text: Stephen Hough

text: Robert Levin

text: Maria João Pires

text: Daniil Trifonov

text: Yannick Nézet-Séguin

text: Steven Isserlis

text: Decca Records

text: Beethoven

text: Brahms

text: Grieg

text: Mozart

text: Schubert

text: Schumann

text: two rondos for piano

text: 32 Variations in C minor

text: Piano Sonata No. 3 in F minor

text: Two Rhapsodies

text: Intermezzi

text: 6 Pieces for Piano

text: 4 Pieces for Piano

text: Impromptus

text: Moments musicaux

text: Humoreske

text: Kinderszenen

text: Kreisleriana

text: Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Zubin Mehta

text: Brahms Piano Concerto No. 1

text: London Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Edo de Waart

text: London Symphony Orchestra

text: André Previn

text: English Chamber Orchestra

text: Uri Segal

text: Szymon Goldberg

text: Debussy

text: Franck

text: Kyung Wha Chung

text: Han de Vries

text: George Pieterson

text: Vicente Zarzo

text: Murray Perahia

text: CBS Masterworks

text: Barbara Hendricks

text: EMI

text: Daniel Barenboim

text: Teldec

text: Bartók

text: Enescu

text: Janáček

text: Lausanne

text: Switzerland

text: Orchestre de Chambre de Lausanne

text: The Independent

text: Chicago Tribune

text: BBC Radio 3

text: Radu Lupu biography

text: Musicianguide.com

categories: Prize-winners of the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition,Romanian Jews,Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom,Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music,1945 births,Grammy Award winners,Jewish classical pianists,Pupils of Maria Curcio,Jewish classical musicians,People from Galați,Prize-winners of the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Romanian classical pianists,Moscow Conservatory alumni,Living people

paragraph: Radu Lupu

paragraph: Radu Lupu (born 30 November 1945) is a Romanian pianist. He is widely recognized as one of the greatest living pianists. Born in Galați, Romania, Lupu began studying piano at the age of six. Two of his major piano teachers were Florica Musicescu, who was also the teacher of Dinu Lipatti, and Heinrich Neuhaus, who was also the teacher of Sviatoslav Richter and Emil Gilels. From 1966 to 1969, he won first prizes of three of the world's most prestigious piano competitions: the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (1966), the George Enescu International Piano Competition (1967), and the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition (1969). These victories launched Lupu's international career and he has appeared with all of the major orchestras and at all of the major festivals and music capitals of the world.

paragraph: From 1970 to 1993, Lupu made over 20 recordings for Decca Records. His solo recordings, which have received considerable acclaim, include works by Beethoven, Brahms, Grieg, Mozart, Schubert, and Schumann, including all of Beethoven's piano concertos as well as five piano sonatas and other solo works; the Grieg and Schumann piano concertos, as well as three major solo works of Schumann; nine piano sonatas and the Impromptus and Moments musicaux of Schubert; various major solo works and the first piano concerto of Brahms; and two piano concertos of Mozart. His chamber music recordings for Decca include all of Mozart's sonatas for violin and piano with Szymon Goldberg; the violin sonatas of Debussy and Franck with Kyung Wha Chung; and various works by Schubert for violin and piano with Goldberg. He additionally recorded works of Mozart and Schubert for piano four-hands and two pianos with Murray Perahia for CBS Masterworks, two albums of Schubert songs with Barbara Hendricks for EMI, and a disc of works by Schubert for piano four-hands with Daniel Barenboim for Teldec.

paragraph: In addition to his performances of the music of Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart, Schubert, and Schumann, Lupu is also noted for his performances of Bartók, Debussy, Enescu, and Janáček, among other composers. Lupu was nominated for two Grammy Awards, winning one in 1995 for an album of two Schubert piano sonatas. In 1995, Lupu also won an Edison Award for a disc of three major piano works of Schumann. Other awards won by Lupu include the Franco Abbiati Prize in 1989 and 2006, and the 2006 Premio Internazionale Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli award.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Lupu was born in Galați, Romania on 30 November 1945, the son of Meyer Lupu, an attorney, and Ana Gabor, a linguist. From his earliest days, Lupu "had always expressed himself by singing", and was given his first piano at the age of five. He began piano studies in 1951, as a six-year-old, with Lia Busuioceanu. He made his public debut in 1957, at age 12, in a concert featuring his own compositions. He told "The Christian Science Monitor" in 1970 that "from the very beginning I regarded myself as a composer. I was sure, and everybody else was sure, that one day I would become a famous composer". He gave up composing about four years later, saying that he thought he would be "much better as a pianist".

paragraph: After completing high school in Galați, and graduating from the Popular School for the Arts in Brașov, where he studied harmony and counterpoint with Victor Bickerich, Lupu continued his piano studies at the Bucharest Conservatory (1959–1961) with Florica Musicescu (who also taught Dinu Lipatti), and Cella Delavrancea, studying also composition with Dragos Alexandrescu. At the age of 16, in 1961, he was awarded a scholarship to the Moscow Conservatory, where he studied for seven years. In Moscow, he first studied with Galina Eguiazarova (a pupil of Alexander Goldenweiser) for two years, and then with Heinrich Neuhaus (who also taught Sviatoslav Richter and Emil Gilels) and later with his son, Stanislav Neuhaus. He graduated in 1969. Lupu was also a student of Maria Curcio, a student of Artur Schnabel. However, in a 1981 interview, when asked about what types of influences his teachers had on him, Lupu answered that he thought of himself as more audodidactic: "My first teacher took me to every orchestral concert, and I am also grateful for what I learned in Moscow, but I think of myself, basically (in music anyway), as somebody who is more autodidactic. I took some from Furtwängler, Toscanini, everywhere...more and more so since I left Moscow."

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Early career.

paragraph: In 1965, Lupu was placed fifth at the International Beethoven Piano Competition in Vienna. The following year, he won the first prize in the second Van Cliburn International Piano Competition; he also won special prizes for the best performance of a commissioned work (of Willard Straight's "Structure for Piano") and the best performance of a movement from the Aaron Copland Piano Sonata. In the finals, his performance of the first movement of Sergei Prokofiev's Piano Concerto No. 2 (Op. 16), a required piece, was described by Paul Hume of "The Washington Post" as "the most fiery and thunderous of any of the six finalists". In addition to the Prokofiev, he performed Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 (Op. 73). Alicia de Larrocha, who was on the jury, declared Lupu a genius. "I did not expect it at all. I am just speechless," Lupu said after his victory. Shortly after the competition, in April 1967, Lupu made his debut at Carnegie Hall in New York City in a program of Beethoven, Schubert, and Chopin. However, Lupu reportedly turned down many of the other engagements that came with the prize, instead choosing to further his studies in Moscow.

paragraph: A year after his Cliburn Competition victory, in 1967, Lupu won the first prize in the George Enescu International Piano Competition. Two years later, in October 1969, he won the Leeds International Piano Competition; he performed Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 3 (Op. 37) in the finals. The following month, in November 1969, Lupu made his solo debut in London; Joan Chissell of "The Times" wrote about his performance of the second movement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 7 at the recital: "He brought what seemed like a lifetime's experience to its alternating desolation and pride. Never could music come nearer to speech."

paragraph: In April 1970, Lupu made his first recording for Decca Records: Brahms' Rhapsody in B minor (Op. 79 No. 1) and Three Intermezzi (Op. 117), and Schubert's Piano Sonata in A minor (D. 784). He continued to record for the label for the following 23 years. In August 1970, the 24-year-old pianist made his debut at The Proms, performing Brahms' Piano Concerto No. 1 (Op. 15) with the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Edo de Waart at the Royal Albert Hall. In November 1970, he made his first concerto recording for Decca, of the Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 3 with the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Lawrence Foster; he also recorded Beethoven's 32 Variations in C minor (WoO 80).

paragraph: Lupu's first major American appearances after his Leeds Competition victory were in February 1972 with the Cleveland Orchestra, in the Brahms Piano Concerto No. 1 with Daniel Barenboim conducting at Carnegie Hall in New York City, and in October 1972 with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, in the Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 3 with Carlo Maria Giulini conducting. The performance of the Brahms with the Cleveland Orchestra and Barenboim was reviewed by Harold C. Schonberg, a Pulitzer Prize-winning music critic for "The New York Times" who had ten years prior notably lambasted the famous New York Philharmonic concert of 6 April 1962 where the same concerto was played by Glenn Gould with the New York Philharmonic conducted by Leonard Bernstein. Schonberg was also critical of the performance by Lupu and Barenboim, writing that not since the Bernstein-Gould performance "had there been such an interpretation" of the concerto, describing it as "willful, episodic and mannered, self-indulgent, capricious". However, he added that "yet through all the eccentricities came the feeling of two young musicians trying hard to get out of the rut and once in a while actually succeeding", but that "in future years this kind of approach may jell for them. Right now it does not come off."

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Growing acclaim.

paragraph: Although Schonberg had been critical of Lupu's debut with the Cleveland Orchestra conducted by Barenboim in February 1972, he was far more enthusiastic of Lupu's performance in November 1972 of Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Lawrence Foster at Carnegie Hall, writing, in "The New York Times", that "his performance did much to redeem the impression he had made last season in the Brahms D minor Concerto. Then he sounded mannered, finicky, artificial. This time he was a different pianist." Schonberg added:

paragraph: The following year, Lupu recorded the piano concertos of Schumann (Op. 54) and Grieg (Op. 16) with the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by André Previn, a recording described by "Gramophone" as "grandly commanding". In February 1974, Lupu performed a recital at Hunter College in New York, which was raved by John Rockwell of "The New York Times". Rockwell declared Lupu "no ordinary pianist" and wrote about Lupu's performance of Schubert's Piano Sonata in B-flat major (D. 960):

paragraph: In November 1974, Lupu made his debut with the New York Philharmonic, performing Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 21 (K. 467) conducted by James Conlon. In 1975, Lupu debuted with the Concertgebouw Orchestra and gave the premiere of the André Tchaikowsky Piano Concerto, Op. 4 with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Uri Segal at the Royal Festival Hall. In 1976, Lupu recorded Brahms' 6 Klavierstücke (Op. 118) and 4 Klavierstücke (Op. 119), which was described by "Stereo Review" as "a glowing realization of what Brahms set down that leaves one at a loss for words and simply glad to have ears." In 1978, he gave his debut with the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Herbert von Karajan at that year's Salzburg Festival. Reviewing a recital Lupu gave at Avery Fisher Hall in 1980, Andrew Porter of "The New Yorker" hailed Lupu as "a master of the most satisfying kind". By 1981 he had played with every major orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Remainder of the 20th century.

paragraph: In June 1982, Lupu made a critically acclaimed recording of Schubert's Impromptus (D. 899 & 935). John Rockwell wrote in "The New York Times" that Lupu's "singing tone here must be heard to be believed. Without belittling the other facets of Schubert's musical personality, he captures the composer's songful essence with a rare beauty – and, in so doing, he reaffirms once more the ability of present-day performers to do ample justice to the music of the past." In addition, "Gramophone" said about the recording:

paragraph: In 1989, Lupu was awarded the Franco Abbiati Prize prize by the Italian Critics' Association; he was awarded the prize again in 2006. In 1995, he won an Edison Award for his album of Schumann's "Kinderszenen" (Op. 15), "Kreisleriana" (Op. 16) and "Humoreske" (Op. 20) which was also nominated for a Grammy Award. In the Grammy Awards of 1995, he won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra) for his album of Schubert's Piano Sonatas in B-flat major (D. 960) and A major (D. 664).

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:21st century.

paragraph: In 2006, Lupu was awarded the Premio Internazionale Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli and in 2016 was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to music.

paragraph: Section::::Musical style.

paragraph: Lupu uses a regular, straight-backed chair at the piano as opposed to a standard piano bench. He told "Clavier" in 1981 that while sitting on a bench he tended to lean forward, raise his shoulders, become impossibly stiff and develop pains all over. He also said that he practiced with a chair at home and found it natural for him. Although Lupu is an admirer of the pianism of Arthur Rubinstein and Vladimir Horowitz, he named Mieczysław Horszowski as having the most influence on his playing, saying that Horszowski "speaks to me like no one else". Lupu's initial approach to new music is to read it away from the piano, saying that he "reads more easily away from the instrument" and that "it is the only way to learn". Lupu says in regards to tone production that "everything in music comes from the head', adding: "If you have any concept of sound, you hear it in your inner ear. All you have to work for is to match that sound on the instrument. The whole balance, the line, the tone, is perceived and controlled by the head." He further describes tone production as a "matching process for which [one] practices", and the physical contact of the keyboard as "a very individual thing determined by the color or timbre you hear and try to get, the piece you are playing, the phrase".

paragraph: Lupu's playing has garnered admiration not only from music critics, but also by fellow major artists. Mitsuko Uchida told Humphrey Burton in a 2002 BBC Radio 3 interview that "there is nobody on earth who can actually get certain range of colour, and also the control – don't underestimate this unbelievable control of his playing." Nikolai Lugansky said in an interview that Lupu "possesses the rare power of letting the music speak for itself", and András Schiff stated that Lupu has the "rare gift to illuminate anything that he plays with rare musical intelligence". Other pianists who have expressed admiration for Lupu or cite him as an inspiration in their music-making include Emanuel Ax, Daniel Barenboim, Seong-Jin Cho (who named Lupu's recording of the Schubert Impromptus as his favourite), Kirill Gerstein, Stephen Hough, Robert Levin, Maria João Pires, and Daniil Trifonov. In addition, the conductor Yannick Nézet-Séguin cites Lupu as an inspiration while he was a piano student, saying that listening to recitals and recordings by Lupu "shaped my conception of sound from a very young age", and the cellist Steven Isserlis called him "one of the greatest artists I have ever heard or known".

paragraph: Section::::Repertoire and recordings.

paragraph: In the span of 23 years, Lupu made over 20 recordings for Decca Records. His first recording was made in the spring of 1970. Lupu's solo recordings, which have received considerable acclaim, include works by Beethoven, Brahms, Grieg, Mozart, Schubert, and Schumann. His solo recordings without orchestra include 5 Beethoven piano sonatas (Opp. 13, 27/2, 49, and 53), as well as Beethoven's two rondos for piano (Op. 51) and 32 Variations in C minor; Brahms' Piano Sonata No. 3 in F minor (Op. 5), Two Rhapsodies (Op. 79), Intermezzi (Op. 117), 6 Pieces for Piano (Op. 118) and 4 Pieces for Piano (Op. 119); nine piano sonatas of Schubert (D. 157, 557, 664, 784, 845, 894, 958, 959, 960) as well as the Impromptus (D. 899, 935) and Moments musicaux (D. 780); and Schumann's Humoreske (Op. 20), Kinderszenen (Op. 15) and Kreisleriana (Op. 16). His concerto recordings include the complete cycle of Beethoven piano concertos with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Zubin Mehta; the Brahms Piano Concerto No. 1 (Op. 15) with the London Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Edo de Waart; the Grieg and Schumann piano concertos with the London Symphony Orchestra and André Previn; and two Mozart piano concertos (K. 414 and 467) with the English Chamber Orchestra conducted by Uri Segal. His chamber music recordings for Decca include all of Mozart's sonatas for violin and piano with Szymon Goldberg; the violin sonatas of Debussy and Franck with Kyung Wha Chung; the quintets for piano and winds of Beethoven (Op. 16) and Mozart (K. 452) with Han de Vries, George Pieterson, Vicente Zarzo, and Brian Pollard; and various works by Schubert for violin and piano with Goldberg. He additionally recorded works of Mozart and Schubert for piano four-hands and two pianos with Murray Perahia for the CBS Masterworks, two albums of Schubert songs with Barbara Hendricks for EMI, and a disc of works by Schubert for piano four-hands with Daniel Barenboim for Teldec.

paragraph: In addition to the composers he has recorded, Lupu is also noted for his performances of Bartók, Enescu, and Janáček.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lupu's first wife was the cellist Elizabeth Wilson (born 1947), daughter of diplomat Sir (Archibald) Duncan Wilson, whom he married in 1971. He currently resides in Lausanne, Switzerland with his wife Delia, a violinist in the Orchestre de Chambre de Lausanne.

paragraph: For most of his career, Lupu has regularly refused to grant interviews to the press out of "fear of being misunderstood or misquoted". His aversion to the press and publicity has prompted them to label him as "the reclusive Radu Lupu", with "The Independent" referring to him as a "woolly recluse" and "like someone dragged unwillingly into the concert hall but asked to leave his begging-bowl outside." In addition, Lupu usually does not allow radio broadcasts of his performances. In 1994, "Chicago Tribune" noted that Lupu's press kit then contained one single interview he granted to the "Clavier" magazine in 1981. Other published interviews include a "conversation" that Lupu granted to "Clavier" in 1992 and an interview from 1975 that was aired on BBC Radio 3.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radu Lupu biography at Decca

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musicianguide.com – biography

description: Romanian pianist

wikidata_label: Radu Lupu

wikipedia_title: Radu Lupu


text:
Australian
skateboarder
professional
vert skateboarding
Ben Pappas
Melbourne
Australia
St Albans
Prahran
Tampa, Florida
skateboard deck
Tony Hawk
passport
sponsored
DVS Shoes
San Diego
crystal methamphetamine
paranoia
benzodiazepine
imprisoned
New South Wales
vert ramp
Albury, New South Wales
blog
Christianity
Cliché Skateboards
Dwindle Distribution
Marc McKee
Anzac Day
Phillip Island
Hard Rock Cafe
Tony Hawk
physical rehabilitation
X Games
LG Action Sports World Championship
Sandro Dias
tiebreaker
Transworld Skateboarding
Danny Way
Screen Australia
James Gay-Rees
"Senna"
Exit Through the Gift Shop
Adelaide Film Festival
Sydney Film Festival
Clifton Hill
mass
borderline personality disorder
Australian Broadcasting Corporation

categories: Australian skateboarders,1975 births,Australian people of Greek descent,People with borderline personality disorder,Living people

paragraph: Tas Pappas

paragraph: Tasou Micah Pappas (born 1975), better known as Tas Pappas, is an Australian sponsored skateboarder. He was previously a professional skateboarder, primarily in the discipline of vert skateboarding, and competed in a number of major international events. During the 1990s, he and brother Ben Pappas were highly regarded skateboarders on a global scale, reaching the top two places in the world rankings.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Pappas was born in 1975 in Melbourne, Australia and grew up in the north-western suburb of St Albans. He and brother Ben were the only children of a Greek-Australian father, who worked for a finance company, and an Australian mother who was a caterer—the parents eventually separated after marrying at a young age.

paragraph: Tas Pappas described a chaotic home environment in 2014:

paragraph: The family was very dysfunctional ... We were hurting as kids from a lot of the fights we saw ... I always felt like I just wanted to get out of where I lived. I wanted to prove myself. I ended up having what felt like a chip on my shoulder because of it all. I just wanted to get to America and become something.

paragraph: Pappas became fascinated with skateboarding at the age of 12 years after watching touring American professionals perform at the Prahran skate park. He then visited the United States (US) for the first time three years later, before relocating to the US at the age of 17 years after he dropped out of Kings Park High School. Pappas' first residence was with other skateboarders in Tampa, Florida.

paragraph: Section::::Professional skateboarding.

paragraph: Section::::Professional skateboarding.:Mad Circle.

paragraph: In a 1994 advertisement for the now-defunct Mad Circle skateboard deck company, an x-ray of Pappas' femur complete with metals plates and screws, is depicted with the tagline: "Tas Pappas, Mad Circle's Answer to the Bionic Man." Pappas then appeared alongside Moses Itkonen, Edward Devera, Mike Cao, Justin Girard and Scott Johnston in the 1996 Mad Circle video "Let The Horns Blow".

paragraph: Pappas won the 1996 World Championships skateboard contest over Tony Hawk that led to his world number-one ranking—he won with a broken rib sustained earlier in the contest. Pappas explained that he was "humbled" soon afterward, as he subsequently broke his back. Both the Pappas brothers then found that they were unable to gain favour with the American skateboard industry due to their attitudes, which were considered abrasive and wild. Australian filmmaker Eddie Martin, who knew the Pappas brothers as teenagers skateboarding at Prahran skate park, explained in 2014: "They’re [Pappas brothers] very Australian characters. They were so raw and full of passion. They just went over there and stuck it to them. It just didn’t go down very well."

paragraph: In 1999, Pappas' brother Ben was intercepted by law enforcement while attempting to smuggle cocaine into Australia and, in addition to a prison term, his passport was confiscated for a three-year period and he was unable to continue his skateboarding career in the US.

paragraph: Section::::Professional skateboarding.:Revolution Graphite Skateboards (RevDeck).

paragraph: In 2005, Revolution Graphite Skateboards (RevDeck) announced the release of a new skateboard deck, co-designed and tested by Pappas (he was also sponsored by DVS Shoes at this time). As of 2014, Pappas is associated with the company, according to the "About" section of the website; however, in August 2014, the website's home page stated that the company is manufacturing certain skateboard deck products for a limited period of time.

paragraph: Section::::Professional skateboarding.:US incarceration.

paragraph: In 2005, Pappas married Colleen, an American he met through skateboarding. They lived in San Diego with their two children. However, due to financial difficulties, the relationship was strained and Pappas began using crystal methamphetamine, to numb the pain from injuries during contests that he desperately participated in to earn money. Additionally, Pappas was prescribed an antidepressant after he consulted a doctor for help with a low emotional state caused by his life situation—Pappas proceeded to use alcohol and cocaine with the medication.

paragraph: Pappas explained in 2014 that his drug use at the time led to paranoia about his wife being involved in an extramarital relationship and during an argument he physically assaulted Colleen. Pappas said: "I was paranoid that she was on with someone ... I don't agree with what I did, but I ended up hitting her and losing the plot and went to jail." Pappas' actions resulted in a two-month prison term and he was eventually deported after he was found in a drug-related car crash during his corresponding parole period. While in detention, awaiting to be flown to Australia, Pappas received a telephone call from his father to inform him that Ben Pappas was dead, a moment that Pappas described as "the saddest thing I've ever heard."

paragraph: Section::::Professional skateboarding.:Australian incarceration.

paragraph: Following his return to Australia in 2007, Pappas began drinking alcohol heavily and his father died of a heart attack the following year. Also in 2008, Pappas flew to South America in an attempt to procure cocaine to smuggle into Australia so that he could pay off a drug debt. Pappas, who attempted to smuggle the drug in three skateboard decks while intoxicated on benzodiazepines, alcohol and amphetamines, was intercepted at Sydney Airport after the traces of cocaine on his clothing alerted authorities. Pappas was consequently imprisoned for three years in various New South Wales facilities.

paragraph: In November 2011, Pappas was afforded the privilege of prison day-release on weekends and used this time to skate the vert ramp in Albury, New South Wales. In December 2011, after internet blogs reported Pappas' Albury visits, "SLAM Skateboarding Magazine" ran a feature on Pappas and suggested that, at the time, he remained one of the most highly skilled skateboarders in Australia. The video footage that "SLAM" published to coincide with the article revealed that the session was Pappas' "third skate in 3 years" due to his incarceration—the video was filmed by Stewart.

paragraph: Section::::Professional skateboarding.:Return to skateboarding.

paragraph: Following his incarceration, Pappas was drawn to the tenets of Christianity as a central part of his recovery from drug use, having read the Bible during his sentence. He also continued to develop his marriage with Helen Norman, whom he raises a son with, and he resumed skateboarding.

paragraph: Cliché Skateboards, through Dwindle Distribution, released a Tas Pappas "guest board" in January 2013, with graphics by renowned skateboarding graphic designer, Marc McKee. The design is set to be representative of Pappas' life and new outlook, with a deity figure reaching down and exalting Pappas from a burning environment in which items such as handcuffs and a syringe are present. Footage of Pappas, skateboarding primarily at the Prahran ramp in Melbourne, Australia, accompanied the release of the product. Morgan Campbell, online content manager for Skateboarding Australia, the country's government-funded peak body, stated:

paragraph: Tas has truly put the board into orbit with this stupendous video part which contains some of the best vert skating we have seen from anyone in eons. The graphic was done by Mr Marc Mckee, so you can be sure that collectors snap it up all over the globe. So good to see you back in the skies above Prahran Tas. The clip is by Greg Stewart, who happens to be known in the UK as "The Talking Filmer". Gregsie: we are all delighted to once again hear your mid-air commentary. Just incase you missed it, in 2011 Tas was given the Video Vault treatment for his epic Mad Circle part from almost 20 years ago.

paragraph: In April 2014, Pappas became the 12th skateboarder and first Australian in history to complete a 900-degree rotation. The achievement occurred on the Anzac Day holiday at a newly built facility on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia called the "Megaranch".

paragraph: Section::::Professional skateboarding.:Sponsors.

paragraph: As of August 2014, Pappas is sponsored by Theeve Trucks, a company founded and managed by fellow Australian vert skateboarder Trevor Ward.

paragraph: Section::::Contest history.

paragraph: In 1996, Pappas won both titles at the Hard Rock Cafe Skateboarding World Championships (the finals event, as well as points accumulation for the entire year), beating Tony Hawk. Soon after, Pappas suffered a number of serious injuries and was unable to compete or maintain the level at which he had been skateboarding prior to the mishaps. In 1999, following physical rehabilitation for his injuries, Pappas placed highly in a string of events, including the X Games and the "Milwaukee Triple Crown".

paragraph: On 28 October 2006, Pappas won the vert skateboarding event at the LG Action Sports World Championship, beating Brazilian professional Sandro Dias in a tiebreaker (Andy MacDonald finished in third place). During Pappas' winning run, in which he is riding a RevDeck skateboard deck, he executes a 720-degree rotation; described as "flawless" by one of the competition's commentators, Pappas completed the run without making a single error.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition and influence.

paragraph: Following Pappas's success with the Hard Rock Cafe competition, both he and his brother were credited with helping to revive the popularity of vert skateboarding, which was beginning to fade. In August 2011, Tas and Ben Pappas both received the number 10 ranking in "Transworld Skateboarding"'s "10 Infamous Australians" article for "rekindl[ing] vert's flickering candle" during the 1990s.

paragraph: Section::::"All This Mayhem" documentary (2014).

paragraph: In May 2012, Pappas attended the Melbourne premiere of Danny Way's documentary "Waiting for Lightning", where Pappas was once again described as a "professional skateboarder"—Pappas was photographed alongside Way and fellow Australian vert professional Dom Kekich. In an interview at the premiere, Pappas confirmed that he was in the process of producing a documentary of his own, focused on his career and that of his late brother. A filmmaker approached the Pappas family about making a documentary, but the family did not provide their authority, as Pappas was not included as part of the filmmaking process.

paragraph: A family-approved documentary eventually received the backing of Screen Australia, and was directed and produced by Martin. James Gay-Rees from the United Kingdom (UK)'s Playmaker Films and George Pank are also producers of the film. The film's or is Chris King—both Gay Rees and King worked on the award-winning documentaries "Senna" and "Exit Through the Gift Shop".

paragraph: The documentary began production in 2010, as footage of the Pappas brothers was sourced from friends and filmmakers—Hawk was contacted for an interview, but he declined the offer. According to a 2011 Screen Australia media release, "The Pappas Brothers" will tell the story of Tas and Ben Pappas and their rise to skateboarding prominence. The title of the documentary was later changed to "All This Mayhem" and the world premiere occurred at the Adelaide Film Festival in October 2013. According to the Playmaker Films website, the documentary also received backing from the Adelaide Film Festival, Deluxe Sydney and Hopscotch Films, and is being sold by Eone Films and Cinetic Media.

paragraph: Martin explained prior to the release of the documentary:

paragraph: It's a story about two brothers that just happen to be in the world of skateboarding. People can get so easily put off and I think that the skateboarding element will be our biggest challenge. We didn’t want to use a skate image as our promo because obviously, for us, this isn’t a story about skateboarding.

paragraph: Martin further explained: "The film is to be distributed by Hopscotch in Australia. We are hoping the film will play at some festivals before a national Australian release. To get an overseas sale would be our main goal."

paragraph: The documentary screened at the Sydney Film Festival on 5 June 2014 and was then generally released through Melbourne, Australia's Cinema Nova and Dendy Newtown in Sydney, Australia. During promotional interviews during the film's release period, Martin described the Pappas' story as a "Greek tragedy".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: As of May 2014, Pappas resides in the inner north-eastern Melbourne, Australia suburb of Clifton Hill, where he shares a home with Helen and their five-year-old son Billy. Pappas is employed as an abseiling window cleaner and attends a Christian church for mass.

paragraph: In May 2014, Pappas revealed in an interview that he had been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in connection with his experience of sexual abuse as a young child. His self-destructive behaviour was identified as a manifestation of the disorder. In regard to the personal life recovery process that he was continuing with at the time of the interview, Pappas stated:

paragraph: Everything had to happen for me to learn ... Dad had to die, Ben had to die, I had to lose my kids. I had to be humbled. I was too angry and I had to be crippled and put on my knees to finally realise I'm not in charge.

paragraph: In a July 2014 interview with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), Pappas described himself as "a work in progress" and said "I'll take ownership for all my shit actions".

paragraph: Section::::Timeline.

paragraph: 1991 - Australian Amateur titles in late 1991 at Darling Harbour

paragraph: 1993 - Pappas' first US competition in Tampa, Florida

paragraph: 1994 - 7 August Pappas competed in Munster Monster Mastership Germany, coming 4th

paragraph: 1995 - Triple crown in Las Vegas

paragraph: 1995 - Came 3rd in Slam City Jam vert competition

paragraph: 1996 - Came 3rd in X Games after Andy MacDonald (1) and Tony Hawk (2) - Providence & Newport, Rhode Island

paragraph: 1996 - Tas won 1996 Triple Crown finals, in which Pappas edged past Tony Hawk after one amazing run.

paragraph: 1996 - Tas #1 ranked Vert skateboarder worldwide

paragraph: 1997 - Vancouver Slam City Jam, coming 10th

paragraph: 1997 - Pappas finishes 44th in World Cup of Skateboarding

paragraph: 1997 - Pappas Wins LG competition in Las Vegas

paragraph: 1997 or 98 - Demo in Switzerland

paragraph: 1998 - Pappas finishes 39th in World Cup of Skateboarding

paragraph: 1998 - Pappas comes twelfth in B3 Vert, Beaverton, Oregon

paragraph: 1999 - May - Pappas finishes in 22nd position in Vancouver Slam City Jam

paragraph: 1999 - June - Pappas finishes 8th in Vans Hardcore Triple Crown in Milwaukee

paragraph: 1999 - July - Pappas finishes 7th in Radlands in Northampton UK

paragraph: 1999 - 9–11 July Pappas came 2nd in Munster Monster Mastership Germany

paragraph: 1999 - 16–18 July Pappas comes 2nd in Prague

paragraph: 1999 - 28 August - Pappas comes 1st in vert competition at the B3 in Beaverton, Oregon

paragraph: 2001 - (17–22 August 2001) Pappas comes 3rd in X-Games in Philadelphia

paragraph: 2003 - Cincinnati

paragraph: 2003 - Pomona - Pappas gets injured from Vert ramp fall

paragraph: 2003 - Washington

paragraph: 2003 - 11–13 July Armegeddon Cup Skateboarding Event Birmingham, UK - Pappas comes 2nd

paragraph: 2004 - Beijing LG tour

paragraph: 2004 - Cincinnati

paragraph: 2004 - Dulles, VA

paragraph: 2004 - Pomona

paragraph: 2004 - Sacramento

paragraph: 2004 - Shanghai LG tour

paragraph: 2004 - Cleveland, OH - Summer Gravity Games (15-19 Sept.) Tas (6th in Vert, 5th in Vert Best Trick)

paragraph: 2005 - Cincinnati

paragraph: 2005 - Manchester

paragraph: 2005 - Moscow

paragraph: 2005 - Pomona, CA

paragraph: 2005 - Sacramento ASA

paragraph: 2006 - Birmingham, UK

paragraph: 2006 - Amsterdam

paragraph: 2006 - Berlin

paragraph: 2006 - Dallas (Pappas won)

paragraph: 2006 - Paris

paragraph: 2006 - Richmond

paragraph: 2006 - San Diego

paragraph: 2006 - Amsterdam (Pappas came in 1st place in LG Action Sports World Tour competition)

paragraph: 2006 - Birmingham, UK (Pappas came in 3rd place in LG Action Sports World Tour competition)

paragraph: 2006 - Dallas - (Pappas came in 1st place in LG Action Sports World Tour competition)

paragraph: 2006 - Richmond - (Pappas came in 2nd place in LG Action Sports World Tour competition)

paragraph: 2006 - San Diego - (Pappas came in ? place in LG Action Sports World Tour competition)

paragraph: 2006 - Portland - Dew Action Sports Tour Vans Invitational - Pappas finishes in 9th position

paragraph: 2006 - Orlando - Dew Tour - Pappas comes 2nd in Vert competition

paragraph: 2007 or 2008 - Pappas at Globe World Cup in Melbourne, Australia

paragraph: Section::::Videography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "411VM": Issue 2 (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "411VM": Issue 5 (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "411VM": Best Of 411, Volume 1 (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- XYZ: "Meet Your Maker" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mad Circle: "Let The Horns Blow" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Las Vegas Pro Vert '96" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genie Of The Lamp" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Globe: "World Cup Skateboarding 2005" (2005)

alias:
Tasou Pappas
Tasou Micah Pappas

description: Australian skateboarder

wikidata_label: Tas Pappas

wikipedia_title: Tas Pappas


text:
Safavid
shah
Iran
Safi I
Circassian
Anna Khanum
Shah Abbas I the Great
grand vizier
Saru Taqi
Qizilbash
qurchi-bashi
Qazvin
Shah Safi I
Circassian
Anna Khanum
harem
Rajab Ali Tabrizi
qurchi-bashi
Kashan
grand vizier
Saru Taqi
French
Jean Chardin
Isfahan
Rustam Khan
Mashhad
Bakhtiari tribes
Khalifa Sultan
Kandahar
Mughal Empire
Bost
Georgian
ghulam
Mihrab Khan
Shah Jahan
Aurangzeb
Uzbek
Bukhara
Kabul
Tsardom of Russia
North Caucasus
Russo-Persian War of 1651-1653
Koy Su River
Terek River
Vakhtang V
Georgia
Parsadan Gorgijanidze
prefect
Master of ceremonies
Kingdom of Kakheti
Bakhtrioni Uprising
Qizilbash
mass deportations
Georgian
province
Daghestan province
Safavid Georgia
Russia
Ottoman
Abbas I
Chehel Sotoun
Damghan
Qom
Suleiman I
Dutch East India Company
Nakihat Khanum
Circassian
Georgian
Vakhtang V
King of Kartli
Baratashvili-Orbeliani

categories: 1666 deaths,1632 births,Safavid monarchs,Iranian people of Circassian descent,17th-century Iranian people,Monarchs of Persia,People of the Russo-Persian Wars,Safavid dynasty

paragraph: Abbas II of Persia

paragraph: Shah Abbas II () (30 August 1632 – 26 October 1666), was the seventh Safavid king (shah) of Iran, ruling from 1642 to 1666. Born Soltan Mohammad Mirza, he was the eldest son of Safi I with his Circassian wife, Anna Khanum.

paragraph: Abbas II was undoubtedly the most capable and energetic Safavid shah after his great-grandfather Shah Abbas I the Great (r. 1588–1629), whom he in many aspects bore resemblance to. Albeit Abbas II ascended the throne at the age of merely 9 years old, he showed considerable toughness and resolve—in 1645, no longer than three years after his succession, the grand vizier Saru Taqi was murdered by a faction of the Qizilbash led by the "qurchi-bashi" Jani Beg Khan Shamlu, one of the most influential administrators of the country; in the ensuing days, Abbas II had all the perpetrators put to death.

paragraph: Similar to Abbas I, Abbas II possessed a strong dedication for fairness, and objections of misconduct and injustice by civil servants were promptly taken care of, whilst the responsible individuals were strictly penalized.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Abbas II was born as Soltan Mohammad Mirza in Qazvin on Monday, 30 August 1632. He was the son of Shah Safi I and a Circassian, Anna Khanum. He was the oldest of five brothers. Not much is known about Mohammad Mirza's youth, except that he spent his youth in the Safavid harem, and was tutored by his mentor Rajab Ali Tabrizi. He also learned how to maintain order over a state and other royal matters by the steward ("nāẓer") of the royal household, Mohammad-Ali Beg, and the head of the royal bodyguard ("qurchi-bashi"), Jani Beg Khan Shamlu.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Accession and early reign.

paragraph: On 15 May 1642, at Kashan, Mohammad Mirza was crowned as shah of Iran and chose "Abbas II" as his dynastic name. Since he was less than ten years old when he became shah, the job of governing Persia was placed in the hands of his mother, Anna Khanum, and the grand vizier, Saru Taqi, while Abbas concentrated on his education at Qazvin. Anna Khanum and Saru Taqi worked closely together, and under them Iran was in secure hands. The French traveller Jean Chardin noted their close working relationship, saying:

paragraph: After one year had passed, Abbas II moved to the Safavid capital of Isfahan. During the same year, the powerful general Rustam Khan, refused to obey Safavid orders, and marched towards Isfahan to depose Abbas II. However, Saru Taqi managed to have him killed at Mashhad.

paragraph: In 1644, some Bakhtiari tribes rebelled against Abbas II. The rebellion, however, was quickly suppressed by Saru Taqi. Saru Taqi led a drive against corruption and, as a result, made many enemies. On 11 October 1645 he was assassinated by a group of army officers. Abbas II then appointed Khalifa Sultan as his grand vizier on October 14. Khalifa Sultan had at first declined the offer, but quickly alter accepted. His established bureaucratic proficiency and past knowledge were definitely the deciding factors in this reappointment, albeit it may be possible that Abbas II recalled him into service in part with the goal of compressing the discontent about the scarcity of the positions given to men of religion under his predecessor.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:War with the Mughal Empire.

paragraph: Unlike his father, Abbas II took an active interest in government and military matters once he began to rule for himself (probably around age 15). In the summer of 1648, Abbas II, who sought to recapture Kandahar from the Mughal Empire, marched from Isfahan with an army of 40,000 men and after capturing Bost, he laid siege to Kandahar and captured it after a brief siege on 22 February 1649. Abbas II then appointed the Georgian "ghulam" ("military slave") Mihrab Khan as the governor of the city. The Mughals attempted to retake the city in 1651 but the arrival of winter forced them to suspend the siege.

paragraph: The Mughal ruler Shah Jahan then sent his son Aurangzeb with an army of 50,000 soldiers to recapture Kandahar. Although Aurangzeb defeated Abbas II outside the city, he was unable to take it. His artillery train proved not up to the task. Aurangzeb attempted to take the fortress city again in 1652. In the meantime, Abdul Aziz, the Uzbek ruler of Bukhara, had entered into an alliance with Abbas II, and in May 1652, he dispatched 10,000 troops to Kabul to harass the Mughal supply lines. Though not strong enough to lift the siege, the Uzbek threatened a Mughal convoy of 2,000 troops who were escorting one and a half million silver coins to the besieger's army at Kandahar. After two months of fighting Safavid resistance, along with the growing activities of the Uzbeks, Aurangzeb was forced to abandon the campaign. In 1653, the Mughals tried to take it once again, but failed doing so. The city would subsequently remain in Safavid hands until its fall in 1736.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Events in the Caucasus.

paragraph: In 1651, Safavid troops clashed with those of the Tsardom of Russia in the North Caucasus, known as the Russo-Persian War of 1651-1653. The main issue involved the expansion of a Russian garrison on the Koy Su River, as well as the construction of several new fortresses, in particular the one built on the Iranian side of the Terek River. The Safavid government then sent troops, and destroyed the fortress while expelling its Russian garrison.

paragraph: Soon however, another conflict on the war's eastern front had started. At the same time, the Russian government sent an embassy, led by courtier Prince Ivan Lobanov-Rostovsky and steward Ivan Komynin, to Isfahan to seek a peaceful settlement of the conflict. Abbas II agreed with the settlement offer as he wanted to settle the issue in the far eastern territories first. The war ended with no further territorial gains, but the Safavids manage to increase their influence in the North Caucasus.

paragraph: In 1654, Abbas II appointed the Georgian prince Vakhtang V as the ruler of Georgia. In 1656, the people of Isfahan rebelled against Parsadan Gorgijanidze, who was the prefect of the city. Abbas II quickly had Parsadan removed from the office and appointed him as the Master of ceremonies of the Safavid court.

paragraph: In 1659, the Kingdom of Kakheti rose up against the Safavid Iranian rule, known as the Bakhtrioni Uprising, due to a change of policy that included the settling of Qizilbash Turkoman tribes in the region. This action was implemented by Abbas II's government for a number of reasons. One of these was the need to repopulate the province, as Shah Abbas I' mass deportations of between 130,000 - 200,000 Georgian subjects to Persia's heartlands and massacre of another thousand in 1616 left this part of the province substantially underpopulated. Another one was to keep an eye on the restive nobles. Yet another reason was due to the fact that the Safavid possessions in Georgia were geographically close to the Daghestan province. From Daghestan, Lezgian marauders frequently organized raids into parts of the northwestern Safavid domains, including Safavid Georgia. Lastly, it was also decided as a measure against Russia, which had increased its pressure on Daghestan, a neighboring province of the Georgia province. Anyhow, Iranian authority was restored in Kakheti, but the Qizilbash Turkics were prevented from settling in Kakheti.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Death and succession.

paragraph: Abbas II's reign was relatively peaceful and was significant for being free of any Ottoman attack. Abbas II, like his great-grandfather Abbas I, was famous for the construction of many buildings, such as the famous Chehel Sotoun in Isfahan. He died in Khosrowabad near Damghan on the night of 25–26 October 1666, and was buried alongside his father in Qom. He was succeeded by his son Suleiman I. He also had sons named Hamza Mirza, Ismail Mirza and Mirza Ali Naqi, and had two daughters.

paragraph: Section::::Characteristics and appearance.

paragraph: European travelers and locals, who were charmed by the hospitality and the favorable marketing circumstances of the Iranian court, usually described Abbas II's character and nature in a positive light. The ambassador of the Dutch East India Company, Joan Cuneaus, who made acquaintance with Abbas II in March 1652, where he and the visitors were permitted to drink from the shahs wine chalice, portrayed him as being of medium height, somewhat skinny, agile, and beardless.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Abbas II married several times;

paragraph: BULLET::::- m. Nakihat Khanum, a Circassian lady.

paragraph: BULLET::::- m. Nur un-nisa Khanum, a Georgian lady.

paragraph: BULLET::::- m. 1660, Princess Anouka (m. second, 1668 (div. 1695), Shah Verdi Khan of Luristan, and d. 1697), daughter of Vakhtang V [Shah Nawaz Khan II], King of Kartli, by his first wife, Queen Rwadam, daughter of Prince Qaphlan Baratashvili-Orbeliani.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- *

description: Shah of Iran

wikidata_label: Abbas II of Persia

wikipedia_title: Abbas II of Persia


text: Baltic German

text: Minox

text: subminiature camera

text: Riga

text: Governorate of Livonia

text: Latvia

text: Estonia

text: VEF

text: Germany

text: AEG

text: Berlin

text: World War II

text: Wetzlar

text: Germany

text: Binningen

text: Basel

text: Switzerland

text: inventions

text: honorary doctorate

text: Latvian Academy of Sciences

text: Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana

text: Republic of Estonia

text: Eesti Post

text: Europa postage stamp

text: Minox

text: Minox

text: VEF

text: Minox Historical Society

text: Obituary at the Independent

categories: German inventors,Swiss inventors,Latvian inventors,Estonian inventors,20th-century inventors,2003 deaths,1905 births,Baltic-German people,People from the Governorate of Livonia,Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 4th Class,People from Riga

paragraph: Walter Zapp

paragraph: Walter Zapp (; – 17 July 2003) was a Baltic German inventor. His greatest creation was the Minox subminiature camera.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Zapp was born in Riga, Governorate of Livonia (now Latvia). In 1932, while living in Estonia, he began developing the then subminiature camera by first creating wooden models, which led to the first prototype in 1936. It was introduced to the market in 1938. Minox cameras were made by VEF (Valsts Elektrotehniskā Fabrika) in Latvia. VEF made 17,000 Minox cameras.

paragraph: During the Spring 1941 Resettlement of Baltic Germans, Walter Zapp moved to Germany. From 1941 to 1945, he worked on the development of electron microscopy at AEG in Berlin.

paragraph: After World War II, in 1945, he founded the Minox GmbH in Wetzlar, Germany. The company still exists.

paragraph: In 2001, when he went to Latvia for the last time, he said that he had gone to celebrate his 100th birthday in Latvia. He died aged 97, in Binningen near Basel, Switzerland.

paragraph: Section::::Patents.

paragraph: The innovative design and technical solutions of Zapp's camera were patented around the world. VEF received 66 patents in 18 countries for Zapp's inventions. Later in the 60's, Zapp was named as the inventor in several patents granted to Minox GmbH for improvements and modifications of a subminiature camera. On the beginning of 90's, Zapp patented his last invention, the Minox T8 pocket telescope.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: In 2001, Walter Zapp received a honorary doctorate of the Latvian Academy of Sciences and was decorated with the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana for his special services to the Republic of Estonia. Eesti Post has issued a Europa postage stamp in 1994 to commemorate Walter Zapp and his patented invention (Estonian patent No. 2628), the Minox subminiature camera.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minox

paragraph: BULLET::::- VEF

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morris G. Moses, John Wade. "Spycamera: The Minox Story". 2nd, illustrated edition. HOVE FOTO BOOKS SATTER Incorporated, 1998. ,

paragraph: BULLET::::- D. Scott Young. "Minox: Marvel in Miniature". 1st Books, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hubert E. Heckmann. "MINOX The Queen of Spy Cameras, Variations in 8x11". Wittig Books, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minox Historical Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary at the Independent

description: Estonian inventor

wikidata_label: Walter Zapp

wikipedia_title: Walter Zapp


text: Perth Amboy

text: Branford

text: naturalist

text: virologist

text: Yale School of Medicine

text: Yale School of Public Health

text: Cornell Medical College

text: Pedro Kouri

text: University of Havana

text: Trinidad and Tobago

text: B.W.I.

text: malaria

text: U.S. Army

text: New Hebrides

text: Russell Islands

text: New Georgia

text: Bougainville

text: Okinawa

text: Guam

text: Bronze Star

text: World War II

text: malaria

text: dengue fever

text: leprosy

text: filariasis

text: scrub typhus

text: leprosy

text: tuberculosis

text: Mexico

text: Rockefeller Foundation

text: DDT

text: insecticides

text: Caribbean Epidemiology Center

text: Port of Spain

text: yellow fever

text: William Beebe

text: New York Zoological Society

text: arbovirus

text: Lassa fever virus

text: Jordi Casals-Ariet

text: Sonja Buckley

text: National Rifle Team

text: Greg Downs

text: Caribbean Epidemiology Center website

categories: Weill Cornell Medical College alumni,American virologists,1913 births,1991 deaths,20th-century Australian medical doctors

paragraph: Wilbur Downs

paragraph: Wilbur George Downs (7 August 1913, in Perth Amboy, New Jersey – 17 February 1991, in Branford, Connecticut), was a naturalist, virologist and clinical professor of epidemiology and public health at the Yale School of Medicine and the Yale School of Public Health.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Downs graduated from Cornell Medical College in medicine in 1938 after studying tropical parasitology with Pedro Kouri at the University of Havana, Cuba. He went to Trinidad and Tobago, B.W.I. in 1941 and studied malaria there until 1943 when he was inducted into the U.S. Army as a 1st Lieutenant. His epidemiological survey of malaria in Trinidad and Tobago in 1941-1943 is one of the classic works in the field.

paragraph: Downs served as Malaria Control Officer in the New Hebrides, Russell Islands and New Georgia. In 1944 he went to Bougainville and in 1945 became Acting Chief of Preventive Medicine on Okinawa, as well as spending time in Guam. He was awarded the Bronze Star and Presidential and military citations for his work with malaria and communicable tropical diseases.

paragraph: His interests were extremely wide-ranging and his curiosity insatiable. By the end of World War II he was one of the world's most experienced researchers in a wide range of tropical diseases including malaria, venereal diseases, dengue fever, leprosy, filariasis, scrub typhus, leprosy, intestinal parasites, fungal infections, tuberculosis, and more.

paragraph: Downs retired from the army in 1946 and was sent to Mexico by the Rockefeller Foundation to direct a malaria-control program from 1946-1952. While there, he set up an extensive public health and malaria investigation program, and was one of the first people to question the use of DDT and similar insecticides in the control of the disease. In 1952 the Rockefeller Foundation sent him back to Trinidad where he established the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory, now part of the Caribbean Epidemiology Center (Carec) in Port of Spain. This laboratory became a renowned centre of excellence attracting top researchers and providing excellent training for young Trinidadians in a wide range of skills. While he was in charge some 35 viruses were isolated, many of them new to science, and information on the etiology and transmission of numerous virus diseases, including a major epidemic of yellow fever, were meticulously studied and recorded.

paragraph: Downs kept close contact with William Beebe who, at the time, was the Director of the New York Zoological Society's Tropical Research Centre at Simla in Trinidad and helped coordinate the activities of both organisations and sharing resources. He had a real interest in and supported research in many fields including entomology, ornithology, mammalogy, archaeology, epidemiology, and ecology.

paragraph: In 1961 he became Associate Director of the Medical and Natural Sciences Division in charge of the Rockefeller Foundation's arbovirus programme. From 1963 to 1971 he became Director of the Yale Arbovirus Research Unit and Professor of Epidemiology. In 1969 he worked on isolating the Lassa fever virus with Jordi Casals-Ariet and Sonja Buckley. He resigned from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1971 but continued at Yale as a lecturer. In 1973 he was appointed Clinical Professor of Epidemiology. The Downs Fellowship at Yale continues his legacy by sponsoring student research in global health. Over 600 students have participated in its 50 year history.

paragraph: He was the author or co-author of over 150 scientific articles and published a landmark reference work with Max Theiler, "The Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Vertebrates" in 1973.

paragraph: Section::::Private life.

paragraph: Downs was an avid reader with a huge private library including works in Spanish, French, German and Russian. He had a large collection of tropical orchids and performed a number of hybridization experiments. A hybrid genus of orchids, "Downsara", was named after him. He was a keen fisherman and expert marksman (once a member of the National Rifle Team of Trinidad & Tobago), an accomplished photographer, stamp collector, guitarist and bookbinder. Downs was preceded in death by his first wife Helen Hartley Geer Downs, called "Babbie" by her friends, and by their youngest daughter Martha. He was survived by his second wife Dorothy Gardner Downs Downs and their two sons and four daughters. Downs' grandson Greg Downs is an author and historian.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theiler, Max and Downs, W. G. "The Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Vertebrates: An Account of the Rockefeller Foundation Virus Program, 1951-1970". Yale University Press, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Downs, Wilbur. Editor and Contributor. "Virus Diseases in the West Indies." Special Edition of the "Caribbean Medical Journal", Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-4, 1965.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary by Joan Cook, "New York Times", February 20, 1991; Obituary by Dr. Thomas H. G. Aitken

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The CDC Fellowship Training Program at Yale on vector-borne diseases

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caribbean Epidemiology Center website

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bush Bush Forest and the Nariva Swamp" by Thomas H. G. Aitken

description: American naturalist and virologist

wikidata_label: Wilbur Downs

wikipedia_title: Wilbur Downs


text: Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

categories: 19th-century Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople,Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople,1872 deaths,1775 births,19th-century Greek people

paragraph: Cyril VII of Constantinople

paragraph: Cyril VII (1775 – 1872) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1855 to 1860.

description: Greek priest (?-1872)

wikidata_label: Patriarch Cyril VII of Constantinople

wikipedia_title: Cyril VII of Constantinople


text: Suri dynasty

text: Sher Shah Suri

text: Agra

text: Humayun

text: Firuz Shah Suri

text: Muhammad Adil Shah

categories: 16th-century Indian monarchs,Indian people of Pashtun descent,1554 deaths,Sur Empire,Indian Muslims,1545 in India

paragraph: Islam Shah Suri

paragraph: Islam Shah Suri (reigned: 1545–1554) was the second ruler of the Suri dynasty which ruled part of India in the mid-16th century. His original name was Jalal Khan and he was the second son of Sher Shah Suri.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: On his father's death, an emergency meeting of nobles chose Jalal Khan to be successor instead of his elder brother Adil Khan, since he had shown greater military ability. Jalal Khan was crowned on 26 May 1545 and took the title "Islam Shah". He was still worried that his brother would threaten his power and tried to have him captured. But Adil Khan evaded his grasp and raised an army. It marched on Islam Shah while he was at Agra. In the battle Islam Shah came out victorious and Adil Khan fled, never to be seen again.

paragraph: The support some of the nobles had given his brother made Islam Shah suspicious and he ruthlessly purged their ranks, strictly subordinating the nobility to the crown. He continued his father's policies of efficient administration and increased centralisation. He had little opportunity for military campaigning; the fugitive Mughal emperor Humayun, whom his father had overthrown, made one abortive attempt to attack him.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Islam Shah died on 22 November 1554. He was succeeded by his son Firuz Shah Suri, who was only twelve. Within a few days the boy ruler had been murdered by Sher Shah's nephew Muhammad Mubariz Khan, who then ascended the throne as Muhammad Adil Shah. The incomplete tomb of Islam Shah lies about a kilometer to the North-West of Sher Shah's tomb.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islam Shah Sur, the forerunner of Akbar in reforms and policies

description: Sultan of the Suri Empire

wikidata_label: Islam Shah Suri

wikipedia_title: Islam Shah Suri


text: jure uxoris

text: KG

text: English

text: Hundred Years' War

text: Henry V

text: John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave

text: Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk

text: Edward I

text: Sir Thomas Grey

text: Thomas Grey

text: Scalacronica

text: Sir Thomas Grey

text: Southampton Plot

text: Ketteringham

text: Norfolk

text: William Grey (Bishop of Lincoln)

text: Ogle, Northumberland

text: Henry V

text: Sir Thomas Grey

text: Southampton Plot

text: Agincourt

text: Caen

text: Lollard

text: Sir John Oldcastle

text: Tancarville

text: Normandy

text: grand sergeanty

text: bascinet

text: Saint George's Day

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Harfleur

text: Chateau de Beaufort

text: Battle of Baugé

text: Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton

text: Eleanor Holland

text: Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March

text: Lord Powis

text: moiety

text: Powis Castle

text: John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft

text: John Sutton, 3rd Baron Dudley

text: Baron Grey of Powis

text: Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March

text: Southampton Plot

text: Henry Grey, 2nd Earl of Tankerville

text: Grey, Earl of Tankerville

categories: 1421 deaths,1384 births,People of the Hundred Years' War

paragraph: John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville

paragraph: John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville "jure uxoris" 6th Lord of Powys (after 1384 – 22 March 1421), KG, was an English peer who served with distinction in the Hundred Years' War between England and France under King Henry V.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: John Grey was the second son of Sir Thomas Grey (1359– 26 November 1400), of Berwick and Chillingham Castle, by his wife Joan Mowbray (d. 1410), a daughter of John de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, 4th Baron Mowbray by Elizabeth de Segrave, daughter and heiress of John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave. Joan Mowbray was a grand-daughter of Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk (d. 1399), so John Grey was a descendant of King Edward I.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.:Grey family.

paragraph: Sir Thomas Grey (1343/4) of Heton, Islandshire in Northumberland, married a certain Agnes, a lady of unrecorded parentage. He fought in many battles for the English king on the Marches of the Scottish borders. He was succeeded by his son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Thomas Grey (d.1374)), the chronicler, who married Margaret de Pressene, a daughter William de Pressene, of Presson, Northumberland. Sir Thomas fought in many battles, besieged castles, and recorded the events he witnessed in a celebrated historical account of the campaigns known as "Scalacronica", published in 1369. He died leaving a son Sir Thomas Grey (born 1384), aged ten.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Thomas Grey (1384–1415), who married Alice Neville, a daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland. He was executed 2 August 1415 for his part in the Southampton Plot.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Henry Grey of Ketteringham, Norfolk, who married Emme Appleyard.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Grey (Bishop of Lincoln) (d. 1436).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maud Grey (1382–1451), who married Sir Robert Ogle (d. 12 August 1436) of Ogle, Northumberland.

paragraph: Section::::Hundred Years War.

paragraph: Between 1408 and 1413 Henry V granted Grey three annuities, and on 8 August 1415 gave him the forfeited estates of his brother, Sir Thomas Grey, executed for his part in the Southampton Plot.

paragraph: Grey fought at Agincourt in 1415. On 1 August 1417 Henry V launched his second invasion of Normandy, and in that year Grey was Captain of Mortagne in October 1417, and was with the King at the siege of Caen, where his valiant conduct caused the King to name him a Knight of the Garter. Henry V granted the castle and seigneurie of Tilly in Normandy in November 1417, recently forfeited by Sir William Harcourt, a supporter of the King's enemies.

paragraph: Grey was subsequently sent with a guard to Powys to bring the recently captured Lollard leader, Sir John Oldcastle, before Parliament.

paragraph: In 1419 he was again in France as Captain of Mantes, and on 31 January 1419 was granted the comté of Tancarville in Normandy to hold by grand sergeanty of delivery of a bascinet helmet at the Castle of Roan on Saint George's Day each year. Grey's continued service in the French wars earned him further grants, and he was made governor of the Castle of Tournay. In 1418 or on 31 January 1419 he was created a Knight of the Garter. In 1420 he was Captain of Harfleur, and by that date was one of the leading landowners in Normandy.

paragraph: On 22 March 1420/1, while fording a river near the Chateau de Beaufort at the Battle of Baugé, Grey, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, and many other of the English nobility were slain by a Franco-Scottish force, having incautiously engaged the enemy without proper preparation and with no archers in support.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: In 1418 Grey married Joan de Cherleton, 6th Lord of Powys (c. 1400 – 17 September 1425), daughter and co-heiress of Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton, by his wife Eleanor Holland, widow of Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March. In his wife's right, Grey succeeded to the title of Lord Powis with its estates, including one moiety of Powis Castle, the other half having been inherited by his wife's sister Joyce de Cherleton, wife of John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft. This arrangement remained in place until in the 1530s Joyce's great-grandson John Sutton, 3rd Baron Dudley sold the Tiptoft moiety of Powis Castle to his nephew, the 3rd and last Baron Grey of Powis. Joan de Cherleton survived her husband and in her widowhood in 1425 became heiress to her step-brother, Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, who had earlier been the focus of the Southampton Plot. By his wife he had a son and only child and heir:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Grey, 2nd Earl of Tankerville (c.141819 – 13 January 1450), Henry Grey was knighted in 1426 and married Antigone in France, the illegitimate daughter of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. During the 1430s and 1440s the French Kings Charles VI and the dauphin, Philip regained much of the territory lost to the Valois monarchy. Having lost his lands and fortune at Tancarville, the Count died on about 13 Jan 1449/50. His title became extinct.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grey, Earl of Tankerville

paragraph: BULLET::::- Milner, John D., 'The Battle of Baugé, March 1421: Impact and Memory', "History", (October 2006), Vol. 91, Issue 304, pp. 484-507.

description: English Earl (15th century)

wikidata_label: John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville

wikipedia_title: John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville


text:
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
Queen Mary II
Queen Anne
Dinton
Purton
Wiltshire
Lawrence Hyde I
Nicholas Hyde
Lord Chief Justice
Lawrence Hyde II
attorney-general
Anne of Denmark
matriculated
Magdalen College, Oxford
Middle Temple
Ludgershall
Old Sarum
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
Lord High Chancellor
King Charles II

categories: People from Wiltshire,1634 deaths,Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford,English MPs 1589,People from Purton,Members of the Middle Temple,Hyde family (English aristocracy),1560s births,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Henry Hyde (died 1634)

paragraph: Henry Hyde (c. 1563 – 29 September 1634) was an English politician and lawyer. He was the father of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609–1674), and thus was great-grandfather of two British monarchs, Queen Mary II and Queen Anne. He lived at Dinton and later at Purton, Wiltshire.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Hyde was born circa 1563, the son of Lawrence Hyde I (d.1590), MP, by his wife Anne Sybill. His brothers were Sir Nicholas Hyde (c.1572–1631), Lord Chief Justice of England (1627-1631) and Lawrence Hyde II (1562–1641), attorney-general to Anne of Denmark, wife of King James I.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, (then Magdalen Hall) aged 16 in 1579. He graduated BA in 1581, and was raised to the degree of MA in 1584. He entered the Middle Temple and practised as a lawyer. He was Member of Parliament for Ludgershall in 1588-9, and Old Sarum in 1601.

paragraph: Section::::Character.

paragraph: Clarendon venerated his father's memory, describing him as the best of fathers and friends, and remarked that none of the honours he received through his life equalled that of being his father's son. His one surviving letter, to his brother Nicholas, suggests a kindly, good-humoured country gentleman, with a concern for the welfare of the poor not always shared by members of his class.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage & progeny.

paragraph: On 3 April 1597 he married Mary Langford, daughter of Edward Langford and Mary St. Barbe, by whom he had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609–1674), eldest son and heir, Lord High Chancellor of England during the reign of King Charles II.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Henry Hyde

wikipedia_title: Henry Hyde (died 1634)


text: Regular

text: United States Military Academy

text: Second Seminole War

text: Mexican–American War

text: brevetted

text: lieutenant colonel

text: American Civil War

text: colonel

text: brigadier general

text: Marquis de Lafayette

text: second lieutenant

text: Duncan Lamont Clinch

text: adjutant

text: first lieutenant

text: battery

text: Fort Leavenworth

text: Fort McHenry

text: Fort Pickens

text: Confederate

text: Trent Affair

text: Fort Jefferson

text: lieutenant colonel

text: President of the United States

text: Andrew Johnson

text: Presidio of San Francisco

text: Massachusetts in the American Civil War

categories: Union Army generals,1894 deaths,People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War,1814 births

paragraph: Horace Brooks

paragraph: Horace Brooks (August 14, 1814 – January 13, 1894) was an officer in the Regular Army of the United States from 1835 – 1877. After graduating the United States Military Academy at West Point, he served in the Second Seminole War. During the Mexican–American War he was promoted to the rank of captain and brevetted temporarily to the rank of lieutenant colonel. During the American Civil War, he served in command of artillery batteries at various forts and was eventually placed in command of the 4th United States Artillery Regiment with the rank of colonel. At the close of the civil war, he was awarded the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general. He continued his career as a soldier after the Civil War, remaining in command of the 4th U.S. Artillery until his retirement in 1877.

paragraph: Section::::Early service.

paragraph: Born in Boston, Brooks was sponsored in his early military career by the Marquis de Lafayette who was a friend of his mother's family. Nominated by Lafayette, Brooks entered West Point on July 1, 1831 and graduated in 1835. He was appointed second lieutenant and assigned to the 2nd United States Artillery Regiment. Just months after graduating, Brooks saw combat when his regiment was deployed to Florida during the Second Seminole War. As part of a small force under the command of Brig. Gen. Duncan Lamont Clinch, Brooks participated in the Battle of Withlacoochee against the Seminole during which he was commended by Clinch for his bravery. Following this action, Brooks served as Clinch's adjutant and was brevetted first lieutenant for his service.

paragraph: Brooks served in the Mexican–American War from 1846 to 1848, achieving the official rank of captain and the brevet rank of lieutenant colonel. During the years leading up to the Civil War, he was in command of the light battery school at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas.

paragraph: Section::::Civil War.

paragraph: In February 1861, with hostilities increasing and the prospect of Civil War imminent, Capt. Brooks's battery was transferred to Fort McHenry in Baltimore. He played an important role in readying the Fort for combat. In April, he was sent to Fort Pickens which was, at that time, threatened by Confederate forces. In November 1861, the Trent Affair increased tensions between the United States and Great Britain and Brooks was transferred to Fort Jefferson in the Florida Keys to prepare for possible attack by the British. During 1861, Brooks was promoted twice, attaining the rank of lieutenant colonel by the end of the year.

paragraph: In 1862, Brooks became a superintendent of the recruiting service and was transferred to Ohio. On August 1, 1863, he was promoted to colonel and placed in command of the 4th U.S. Artillery Regiment. The regiment was assigned to the defenses of Washington, D.C. Brooks played a significant role in planning the overall defenses of the capitol.

paragraph: For meritorious service during the war, he was brevetted brigadier general, U.S. Army (Regular Army), by nomination of President of the United States Andrew Johnson on June 30, 1866 and confirmation by the U.S. Senate on July 25, 1866, to rank from March 13, 1865.

paragraph: Section::::Post-Civil War career.

paragraph: Brooks remained in command of the 4th U.S. Artillery Regiment after the Civil War. From 1872 to 1877 he commanded the Presidio of San Francisco. In 1877, Brooks retired after 46 years of active service in the army.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War

paragraph: BULLET::::- Massachusetts in the American Civil War

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eicher, John H. and Eicher, David J., "Civil War High Commands". Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 2001. .

description: Brigadier general in the United States Army during the American Civil War

wikidata_label: Horace Brooks

wikipedia_title: Horace Brooks


text:
Castelvetrano
Castelvetrano
Avola
Order of Aviz
Viceroy of Catalonia
Order of the Golden Fleece
Simeone Tagliavia d'Aragona

wikipedia_title:
Castelvetrano
Castelvetrano
Avola
Order of Aviz
List of viceroys of Catalonia
Order of the Golden Fleece
Simeone Tagliavia d'Aragonia

categories: People from Palermo,Knights of the Golden Fleece,Viceroys of Catalonia,1520s births,Margraves of Italy,Viceroys of Sicily,Governors of the Duchy of Milan,1599 deaths

paragraph: Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia

paragraph: Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia (Castelvetrano, Sicily, 1530 – Madrid, 25 September 1599) was a Spanish noble and viceroy.

paragraph: He was the son of Giovanni Tagliavia, count of Castelvetrano, and Beatrice de Aragon y Cruillas, only daughter of Carlos de Aragon, marquis of Avola.

paragraph: He was a Knight of the Order of Aviz, the governor of the Duchy of Milan from 1583 to 1592, and Viceroy of Sicily two times, in 1556–1568 and 1571–1577. He was also Viceroy of Catalonia in 1581–1582.

paragraph: He became first Duke of Terranova on 17 August 1561 and Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1585.

paragraph: He married Margherita Ventimiglia and Cardinal Simeone Tagliavia d'Aragona was his son.br

paragraph: He was succeeded as Duke of Terranova by his grandson Carlos Tagliavia de Aragón (died 1605).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Geni.com

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia

wikipedia_title: Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia