text: Irish republican

text: IRA

text: Irish War of Independence

text: Kriegsmarine

text: U-Boat

text: chief of staff

text: Fairview, Dublin

text: Irish Volunteers

text: Easter Rising

text: Thomas MacDonagh

text: Frongoch

text: Knutsford

text: Irish War of Independence

text: Irish Civil War

text: Anglo-Irish Treaty

text: Mountjoy Prison

text: Gerald Boland

text: Soviet Union

text: weapons

text: Seán Lemass

text: IRA quartermaster general

text: oration

text: Bodenstown

text: Northern Ireland

text: Belfast

text: court-martial

text: Mick Price

text: Peadar O'Donnell

text: Republican Congress

text: Éamon de Valera

text: Joseph McGarrity

text: Army Council

text: IRA General Army Convention

text: Northern Ireland

text: IRA Army Executive

text: bombing

text: Nazi Germany

text: Irish Republic

text: United Kingdom

text: Nazi Germany

text: Sabotage Campaign

text: Abwehr

text: Oscar Pfaus

text: S-Plan

text: Federal Bureau of Investigation

text: Scotland Yard

text: United States Immigration Service

text: Detroit

text: Windsor, Ontario

text: King George VI

text: Congress

text: President Roosevelt

text: Clan na Gael

text: Charles Coughlin

text: National Union for Social Justice

text: Carl Rekowski

text: Tampa, Florida

text: Franz Fromme

text: Genoa

text: Operation Mainau

text: Hermann Görtz

text: SS

text: Standartenfuhrer

text: Edmund Veesenmayer

text: Quentzgut

text: Brandenburg

text: Brandenburg Regiment

text: Frank Ryan

text: Spanish Civil War

text: Franco

text: Operation Lobster I

text: Canaris

text: Wilhelmshaven

text: Operation Dove

text: conspiracy theories

text: Kurt Haller

text: idol

text: National Graves Association

text: Fairview Park

text: Cathal Goulding

text: Brendan Behan

text: Ruairí Ó Brádaigh

text: Sinn Féin

text: Republican Sinn Féin

text: Brian Hanley

text: Brian Keenan

text: decapitation

text: Sunday Independent

text: anti-fascist

text: National Graves Association

text: Plan Kathleen

text: English

text: Statue of Nazi ally vandalised

text: The Observer

text: DEFEND OUR NATIONAL MONUMENTS

text: "Irish Chieftain Is Kept In Jail"

categories: Irish Republican Army (1922–69) members,Irish Republican Army (1919–22) members,1940 deaths,People from Dublin (city),Burials at sea,People who died at sea,1893 births

paragraph: Seán Russell

paragraph: Seán Russell (1893 – 14 August 1940) was an Irish republican who held senior positions in the IRA until the end of the Irish War of Independence. From 1922 until his death on board a Kriegsmarine U-Boat in 1940 he remained a senior member and chief of staff of the IRA, while it divided and was outlawed, and removed itself to the political fringe of Irish society.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Fairview, Dublin in 1893, Russell joined the Irish Volunteers in 1913. He participated in the 1916 Easter Rising as an officer in Dublin Brigade's 2nd Battalion, under Thomas MacDonagh. Following the Rising he was interned in Frongoch and Knutsford. After the Irish War of Independence began, he was attached to the IRA General Headquarters Staff (GHQ) and became IRA Director of Munitions in 1920. During the Irish Civil War, he fought against the Anglo-Irish Treaty with the Anti-Treaty IRA. In 1925 after the civil war he was jailed in Mountjoy Prison but escaped on 25 November in a breakout he helped organise.

paragraph: Section::::Post-Civil War activism.

paragraph: Russell was one of those within the much-reduced IRA pushing for more revolutionary activities in 1926. That year he and Gerald Boland travelled to the Soviet Union on an IRA weapons buying mission. On his return from Moscow Russell reported back to Seán Lemass. He was appointed IRA quartermaster general in 1927 and held that position until 1936. He travelled widely throughout Ireland reorganising the IRA during 1929-31. Russell was due to give the oration at the 1931 Bodenstown commemoration but was arrested on its eve.

paragraph: He visited the United States in the autumn of 1932. During the Northern Ireland rail strike of 1933 he organised IRA intervention from Belfast. Russell remained aloof from the IRA's political debates and following the split of 1934 chaired the court-martial of Mick Price and Peadar O'Donnell who had left the IRA to form the left wing Republican Congress. He met Éamon de Valera, President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State at Government Buildings during 1934.

paragraph: While in the United States during 1936 he seems to have conceived along with Joseph McGarrity, the plan for the bombing campaign in England. In January 1937, Russell was accused of misappropriating funds by the IRA leadership and was court martialled. He had also embarked on his American tour without Army Council permission. He stayed out of Dublin until October 1937, when he approached the IRA leadership in an attempt to convince them that the campaign in England should go ahead. In April 1938 an IRA General Army Convention was held, and Russell and his supporters (including McGarrity and IRA members from Northern Ireland) secured enough support to get a majority on the IRA Army Executive and to get him re-instated in the organisation and elected to the Army Council. This has been described as a "take over" by historian Brian Hanley. After becoming IRA chief of staff, he put into motion the bombing campaign and forged links with Nazi Germany and during the summer of 1938, the IRA held training classes in explosives throughout the country.

paragraph: Claiming to be the legitimate government of the Irish Republic, in January 1939, the Army Council under Russell's leadership declared war on the United Kingdom in alliance with Nazi Germany. The Sabotage Campaign commenced some days later with bombing attacks on a number of English cities. Russell was also involved in a meeting with German Intelligence (Abwehr) agent Oscar Pfaus.

paragraph: Section::::The Sabotage Campaign (S-Plan) in USA 1939.

paragraph: To pursue the propaganda arm of the S-Plan Russell travelled to the United States in April 1939. The aim of his journey was to 'show the flag' and place himself in the public mind as the leader of militant Irish nationalism. While there Russell made several public addresses. He was trailed by Federal Bureau of Investigation "G-Men" at the request of Scotland Yard, then detained by the United States Immigration Service at the Detroit border with Windsor, Ontario during the American visit of King George VI. The incident immediately aroused enormous indignation among Irish-Americans, culminating in a protest by seventy-six Irish-descended members of Congress. They demanded an explanation from President Roosevelt about the 'Russell Case', failing which they would not participate in the Congressional reception for the King.

paragraph: While in the United States Russell met with his Clan na Gael host Joseph McGarrity and Robert Monteith, one of Casement's colleagues in 1916, and at that time director of Father Charles Coughlin's National Union for Social Justice. Anxious to skip his bail, which expired on 16 April, he made contact through the offices of McGarrity with German agent 'V-Rex', also known as Carl Rekowski. 'V-Rex' contacted John McCarthy, a steward on the steamer "George Washington" berthed in Tampa, Florida. The "George Washington" then sailed to then-neutral Italy. McCarthy met with Abwehr agent 'Professor' Franz Fromme on 19 and 30 March 1940 in Genoa. This meeting arranged for Russell's journey across the Atlantic, arrival in Genoa on 1 May, and reception in Berlin four days later.

paragraph: Section::::Arrival in Berlin May 1940.

paragraph: Once in Berlin, Russell was informed of Operation Mainau, the plan to parachute Hermann Görtz into Ireland. Russell was asked to brief Görtz on Ireland before his departure that night but missed his takeoff from the Kassel-Fritzlar airfield. Russell's liaison officer while in Nazi Germany was SS-Standartenfuhrer Edmund Veesenmayer.

paragraph: By 20 May 1940, Russell had begun training with Abwehr in the use of the latest German explosive ordnance. This training was conducted at the Abwehr training school/lab at Quentzgut near Brandenburg which specialised in the design of explosives as everyday objects. Russell also visited the training area for the Brandenburg Regiment, the 'Quenzgut', where he observed trainees and instructors working with sabotage materials in a field environment. As he received explosives training, his return to Ireland with a definite sabotage objective was planned by German Army Intelligence. His total training time with German Intelligence was over 3 months.

paragraph: Section::::Operation Dove and death aboard "U-65".

paragraph: On 15 July 1940, Frank Ryan – an IRA man who had fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War and was captured by Franco forces – was handed over to the Abwehr and taken to Germany. The capture of the German agents from Operation Lobster I did not prevent Abwehr Chief Canaris sanctioning the transport of Russell to Ireland. Both Russell and Frank Ryan, (who had arrived in Berlin on 4 August), departed aboard "U-65" from Wilhelmshaven on 8 August – the mission was titled Operation Dove (""Unternehmen Taube"" in German).

paragraph: Russell became ill during the journey and complained of stomach pains. "U-65" was not equipped with a doctor and he died on 14 August, 100 miles short of Galway. He was buried at sea and the mission aborted. Following the return of the submarine to Germany an inquiry was set up into Russell's death by the Abwehr. This inquiry included the interrogation of "U-65"'s crew and Frank Ryan. The conclusion drawn was that Russell had suffered a burst gastric ulcer and without medical attention he had died.

paragraph: A number of conspiracy theories arose around the subject of Russell's death including that he was poisoned onboard ship, shot by the British Secret Service in France, or murdered by Kurt Haller. However, Russell's brother, Patrick, confirmed after the war that he suffered from pre-existing stomach problems and as a result did not drink alcohol.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy to republicanism.

paragraph: Russell became the idol of traditionalist republicanism during the 1950s and a memorial to him was unveiled by Cumann Uaigheann Na Laochra Gael, (the National Graves Association group), in Fairview Park, September 1951. A prominent role in the ceremony was taken by Cathal Goulding and other participants included Brendan Behan and Ruairí Ó Brádaigh (see). The group claims its mission is to:

paragraph: Russell's legacy is deeply contested. Both Sinn Féin and Republican Sinn Féin continue to commemorate him as an Irish patriot. Others condemn him as a Nazi collaborator. It had been said he "cared little for Nazi ideology" and he was accused of being a communist spy. Irish historian Brian Hanley suggests that Russell was not a Nazi but concludes that his letters to his German contacts "betray astonishing political naiveté". In September 2003, then Sinn Féin MEP Mary Lou McDonald spoke at a rally to commemorate Russell held at the site of the memorial. The same rally was also addressed by then Provisional IRA Army Council member Brian Keenan who said:

paragraph: Section::::Attacks on memorial to Seán Russell.

paragraph: After the memorial was erected, the raised right arm was broken off by right-wing radicals, who explained the vandalism by claiming the arm had been raised in a communist salute rather than oratorical pose. Following this the damaged arm was replaced posed downward instead of raised. The 31 December 2004 attack saw the decapitation of the memorial by an unnamed group, described by the "Sunday Independent" as anti-fascist. The memorial's right forearm was also removed. A statement issued to the press in justification of the vandalism read (verbatim):

paragraph: The missing pieces of the memorial have not yet been recovered. A spokesman for The National Graves Association announced that the memorial to Seán Russell will be rebuilt in more permanent bronze to deter vandals. In May 2009 the plinth was cleaned and the new bronze was erected. The new statue allegedly has alarms to detect attempted vandalism and a GPS tracker.

paragraph: The plinth of the memorial was again vandalised on 9 July 2009 with graffiti proclaiming Russell to have been a Nazi.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irish Republican Army – Abwehr collaboration in World War II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plan Kathleen

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Culleton, Brendan & Maldea, Irina, "Seamróg agus Swastica" (English: Shamrock & Swastika), Dublin (Akajava Films), 2002. (Broadcast on TG4, 24 January 2002).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hanley, Brian, "The IRA. 1926-1936", Dublin (Four Courts Press), 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Terence O'Reilly, "Hitler's Irishmen", ( Mercier Press), 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark M. Hull, "Irish Secrets. German Espionage in Wartime Ireland 1939-1945" 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enno Stephan, "Spies in Ireland" 1963. (reprint)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carolle J. Carter, "The Shamrock and the Swastika" 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Detroit Free Press, 7 June 1939, page 11, "Irish Chieftain Is Kept In Jail".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Were 'Anti-Fascists' Right To Vandalise The Sean Russell Statue?, IndyMedia.ie 1 January 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statue of Nazi ally vandalised "The Observer", 2 January 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- DEFEND OUR NATIONAL MONUMENTS Comhdáil Násiúnta na hÉireann - Irish National Congress article on the 2004 Russell memorial vandalism

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irish Chieftain Is Kept In Jail", Detroit Free Press, 7 June 1939, Page 11.

description: Irish Republican

wikidata_label: Seán Russell

wikipedia_title: Seán Russell


text:
American football
defensive coordinator
Detroit Lions
National Football League
Boston College
head coach
Syracuse University
football team
defensive coordinator
Miami Dolphins
Dallas Cowboys
Syracuse University
Cheshire, Connecticut
Cheshire High School
Bordentown Military Institute
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linebacker
Joe Paterno
B.S
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Dick MacPherson
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Temple
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Jim Hofher
Buffalo
Dan Mullen
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Florida
Ed Orgeron
Mississippi
USC
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Matt Patricia
Detroit Lions
Detroit Lions bio

categories: 1949 births,Bordentown Military Institute alumni,Syracuse Orange football coaches,UConn Huskies football coaches,Dallas Cowboys coaches,Detroit Lions coaches,Penn State Nittany Lions football players,Players of American football from Connecticut,Miami Dolphins coaches,American football linebackers,National Football League defensive coordinators,People from Cheshire, Connecticut,High school football coaches in the United States,Living people

paragraph: Paul Pasqualoni

paragraph: Paul Lucian Pasqualoni (; born August 16, 1949) is an American football coach who is the defensive coordinator for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He was previously the defensive line coach at Boston College. He is a former head coach for the Syracuse University football team.

paragraph: Pasqualoni has served as the defensive coordinator of the NFL's Miami Dolphins, and as the defensive line coach and interim defensive coordinator of the Dallas Cowboys. He was the head coach of the Syracuse University football team from 1991 to 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: A native of Cheshire, Connecticut, Pasqualoni attended Cheshire High School, where he lettered in football and basketball. Following graduation, he continued to Bordentown Military Institute, also lettering on the football squad, and graduating in 1968. Pasqualoni then enrolled at Penn State, where he was a walk-on and subsequent letterman, as a linebacker under head coach Joe Paterno. In 1972, he received a B.S in health and physical education, then finished his education at Southern Connecticut State, receiving a M.S. in physical education and human performance.

paragraph: Pasqualoni began his coaching career in 1972, while a graduate student at Southern Connecticut, as an assistant at his alma mater, Cheshire High School, where he remained for four seasons. After completing his master's degree, he was hired in 1976 as an assistant at Southern Connecticut by then-head coach, George DeLeone, who also served as a future assistant at Syracuse with Pasqualoni under Dick MacPherson. Pasqualoni was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1980, a position which he held for two seasons.

paragraph: In 1982, Pasqualoni was hired away from Southern by in-state rival Western Connecticut, as its head coach and athletic director. In five seasons with the Colonials, he amassed a 34–17 record, and coached the team to a 1985 New England Football Conference championship and appearance in the NCAA Division III playoffs.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:College.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:College.:Syracuse University.

paragraph: Pasqualoni was an assistant at Syracuse from 1987 until 1991, when he was promoted to head coach after the position was vacated by Dick MacPherson, who left for the NFL to coach the New England Patriots. The Orange (then known as the Orangemen) enjoyed a number of successful years with Pasqualoni at the helm. The team won the Fiesta Bowl over Colorado in 1992 and defeated Clemson 41–0 in Gator Bowl in 1995, Donovan McNabb's freshman year. The team had a 6–3 record in bowl games under Pasqualoni. Pasqualoni's 14-year record with Syracuse was 107–59–1. His only losing season was in 2002 with a 4–8 record. Most seasons of his tenure saw Syracuse competing in the Top 25 in the country.

paragraph: While coach of the Orangemen, Pasqualoni's roots in Connecticut led him to recruit many star players from Connecticut high schools, including Bloomfield's Dwight Freeney, New Britain's Tebucky Jones and the McIntosh brothers from Cheshire High School.

paragraph: At the conclusion of the 2004 season the team lost the Champs Sports Bowl 51–14. New athletic director Daryl Gross fired Pasqualoni on December 29, 2004, despite Syracuse's president, Nancy Cantor, publicly stating that Pasqualoni would be on the sideline the next season. He was replaced by Greg Robinson, who had been serving as the defensive coordinator at the University of Texas. During the 2005 season, the first season in 14 years without Pasqualoni leading the team and the first in 17 years without him on the staff, the Orange posted a record of 1–10, the worst on-field record in the 117-year history of Syracuse football.

paragraph: In 2015, Syracuse vacated all of its wins from 2004 due to ineligible players. As a result, Pasqualoni's final season is "officially" the first winless season in school history.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:College.:University of Connecticut.

paragraph: On January 13, 2011, Pasqualoni was hired to lead the University of Connecticut football program, by soon to be dismissed AD Jeff Hathaway, two weeks after former coach Randy Edsall left for the University of Maryland. His two full seasons saw identical records of 5–7 — only his second and third losing seasons as a Division I-A/FBS head coach. He was dismissed as coach of the Huskies on September 30, 2013 in the midst of his 3rd season after starting 0–4.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:National Football League.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: Before becoming linebackers coach in 2005, Pasqualoni served as the Cowboys' coach of tight ends for the 2005 season, where he is credited for the continued development of Jason Witten leading to his second consecutive trip to the Pro Bowl. In 2006, Pasqualoni became the coach of the linebackers, being influential in DeMarcus Ware's success in that position. On November 8, 2010, Pasqualoni was promoted to interim defensive coordinator resulting from the firing of Wade Phillips, as Phillips served as both head coach and defensive coordinator for the Cowboys.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:National Football League.:Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: Pasqualoni was hired as the defensive coordinator of the Miami Dolphins on January 22, 2008.

paragraph: Pasqualoni was fired by the Dolphins on January 11, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:National Football League.:Return to Dallas.

paragraph: He was subsequently hired as the defensive line coach for the Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:National Football League.:Chicago Bears.

paragraph: On January 16, 2014, Pasqualoni was hired as the Chicago Bears defensive line coach.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:National Football League.:Houston Texans.

paragraph: On January 25, 2015 Pasqualoni was hired as the Houston Texans new defensive line coach. On January 20, 2016, Pasqualoni resigned.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:National Football League.:Detroit Lions.

paragraph: On February 7, 2018, Pasqualoni was hired as the defensive coordinator of the Detroit Lions.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Pasqualoni is married to the former Jill Fleischman, whom he met while coaching at Syracuse University. Together, they have two sons, Dante Paul and Tito Lucian, and a daughter, Cami Mae. He is also the author, with Jim McLaughlin, of the book "Coaching Youth Football", .

paragraph: Section::::Coaching tree.

paragraph: NFL head coaches under whom Pasqualoni has served:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bill Parcells: Dallas Cowboys (2005–2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wade Phillips: Dallas Cowboys (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tony Sparano: Miami Dolphins (2008–2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jason Garrett: Dallas Cowboys (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marc Trestman: Chicago Bears (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bill O'Brien: Houston Texans (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matt Patricia: Detroit Lions (2018–present)

paragraph: Assistant coaches under Pasqualoni who became NCAA or NFL head coaches:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steve Addazio: Temple (2011–2012), Boston College (2013–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jim Hofher: Buffalo (2001–2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dan Mullen: Mississippi State (2009–2017), Florida (2018–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ed Orgeron: Mississippi (2005–2007), USC (2013), LSU (2016–present)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Detroit Lions bio

description: American football player and coach

wikidata_label: Paul Pasqualoni

wikipedia_title: Paul Pasqualoni


text: basketball

text: NBA

text: University of Michigan

text: Wolverines

text: Fab Five

text: Ray Jackson

text: Juwan Howard

text: Chris Webber

text: Jalen Rose

text: NCAA

text: University of Michigan

text: Wolverines

text: Fab Five

text: Ray Jackson

text: Juwan Howard

text: Chris Webber

text: Jalen Rose

text: NCAA

text: Plano East Senior High School

text: Plano

text: Dallas, Texas

text: grand jury

text: Robert Traylor

text: Maurice Taylor

text: Louis Bullock

text: Toronto Raptors

text: 1995 NBA Draft

text: 1995–96 season

text: 1996–97 season

text: Dallas Mavericks

text: Ronald "Popeye" Jones

text: Quad City Thunder

text: CBA

text: Denver Nuggets

text: Continental Basketball Association

text: Quad City Thunder

text: US national team

text: 1998 FIBA World Championship

text: Asheville Altitude

text: NBDL

text: 2000–01 NBA season

text: Indiana Pacers

text: Jim Rome Show

text: Merrill Lynch

text: Wall Street

text: 2008–09 Michigan Wolverines season

text: color commentator

text: ESPN films

text: 30 for 30

text: The Fab Five

text: Michigan Wolverines men's basketball

text: Duke Blue Devils men's basketball

text: The New York Times

text: The Wall Street Journal

text: The Washington Post

text: Ecorse, Michigan

text: Jimmy King player profile

text: 1997 player profile by Denver Nuggets

text: Biography

categories: Michigan Wolverines men's basketball players,Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball),American expatriate basketball people in Poland,African-American basketball players,Guaiqueríes de Margarita players,Basketball players from Texas,Great Lakes Storm players,Spójnia Stargard players,Trotamundos B.B.C. players,La Crosse Bobcats players,Basketball players from Indiana,1973 births,Sportspeople from South Bend, Indiana,American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela,Sioux Falls Skyforce (CBA) players,Sportspeople from Plano, Texas,Denver Nuggets players,1998 FIBA World Championship players,Quad City Thunder players,Toronto Raptors players,Plano East Senior High School alumni,Living people,Asheville Altitude players,American men's basketball players,Basketball players at the 1993 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four,McDonald's High School All-Americans,Basketball players at the 1992 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four,Toronto Raptors draft picks,Shooting guards,American expatriate basketball people in Canada

paragraph: Jimmy King

paragraph: Jimmy Hal King (born August 9, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player. King played in the NBA and other leagues. He is most famous for his time spent on the famed University of Michigan Wolverines Fab Five along with Ray Jackson, Juwan Howard, Chris Webber, and Jalen Rose, who reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship games as freshmen and sophomores. He played all four years at Michigan and averaged 15 points per game as a senior in 1995.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: He was part of the University of Michigan Wolverines Fab Five, along with Ray Jackson and future NBA players Juwan Howard, Chris Webber and Jalen Rose, that reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship games as freshmen and sophomores. He was a starter for teams that reached the tournament four times. Before this, he was a high school All-American basketball player at Plano East Senior High School in Plano, a city north of Dallas, Texas. Although the Fab Five final four appearances have been forfeited, he was not among the players called before the grand jury (Robert Traylor, Webber, Rose, Maurice Taylor, and Louis Bullock) in the University of Michigan basketball scandal and was not found to have received large amounts of money.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: King was selected by the Toronto Raptors in the second round (35th overall) of the 1995 NBA Draft and played 62 games for them during the 1995–96 season, averaging 4.5 points, 1.8 rebounds and 1.4 assists per game. On July 24, 1996, before the start of the 1996–97 season, he was traded to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for Ronald "Popeye" Jones, but King was eventually waived. After playing most of the 1996-97 season with the Quad City Thunder of the CBA, he signed with the Denver Nuggets on a 10-day contract, but participated in only two games for them, tallying six points, two rebounds, two assists and three steals.

paragraph: King also played a few seasons in Europe and with the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) where he was the 1998 league MVP with the Quad City Thunder. He played for the US national team in the 1998 FIBA World Championship, winning the bronze medal. He also played for the Asheville Altitude in the NBDL.

paragraph: King's last chance to return to the NBA came before the 2000–01 NBA season where King was the final player cut on the defending Eastern Conference champion Indiana Pacers.

paragraph: In a phone interview on the Jim Rome Show on November 30, 2006, King stated he was working as a financial advisor for Merrill Lynch on Wall Street. During the 2008–09 Michigan Wolverines season King served as a radio color commentator.

paragraph: Currently, King is the Program Director of H.Y.P.E. Athletics Community, a nonprofit organization which provides academic, athletic, and citizenship mentoring for youth in the Detroit area, and President of J King Solar Technologies.

paragraph: The March 13, 2011 airing of the ESPN films "30 for 30" documentary "The Fab Five" sparked national outrage that led to a series of media exchanges between members of the press, Michigan Wolverines men's basketball players, including King, and Duke Blue Devils men's basketball players in forums such as "The New York Times", "The Wall Street Journal" and "The Washington Post".

paragraph: In August 2011, King was detained by police for failure to pay $17,000 in back child support for his 17-year-old son. He was incarcerated at Michigan's Oakland County Jail along with Jalen Rose, who was serving time for a DUI arrest. On January 27, 2012, the case against King was dismissed after he paid the $17,000 in full.

paragraph: In 2016, King began his coaching career as he became the head coach of the Ecorse Community High School men's basketball team in Ecorse, Michigan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jimmy King player profile at NBA.com (includes career highs)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 player profile by Denver Nuggets

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Jimmy King at NBA.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Michigan Basketball Statistical Archive

alias:
Jimmy Hal King
Jim-Jam

description: American basketball player

wikidata_label: Jimmy King

wikipedia_title: Jimmy King


text:
Kyoto
Yokohama DeNA BayStars
Hōtoku Gakuen High School
2004 Summer Olympics
2006 World Baseball Classic
Chiba Lotte Marines
Yokohama BayStars

categories: Yokohama DeNA BayStars players,Nippon Professional Baseball coaches,Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Chiba Lotte Marines players,Japanese baseball players,Olympic bronze medalists for Japan,Olympic medalists in baseball,Baseball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics,1975 births,Japanese baseball coaches,Baseball in New Zealand,Sportspeople from Kyoto,Japanese expatriates in New Zealand,Yokohama BayStars players,Olympic baseball players of Japan,Living people,2006 World Baseball Classic players

paragraph: Naoyuki Shimizu

paragraph: , nicknamed "Nao", is a former professional baseball player from Kyoto, Japan. He is a starting pitcher for the Yokohama DeNA BayStars.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He attended Hōtoku Gakuen High School. He joined the Japanese Olympic baseball team for the 2004 Summer Olympics, and won a bronze medal. He also played with the Japanese national team in the 2006 World Baseball Classic. Tragedy struck in January 2008 when Shimizu's wife died. He has 3 kids.

paragraph: After ten seasons with the Chiba Lotte Marines from 2000 to 2009, Shimizu became a free agent and signed with the Yokohama BayStars. His career numbers with the Marines were 93 wins against 85 losses, with a career 4.02 ERA, tossing 38 complete games and nine shutouts.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Naoyuki Shimizu

wikipedia_title: Naoyuki Shimizu


text:
Riom
Puy-de-Dôme
Semur
Côte-d'Or
Benedictine
exegete
Cluniac
Mozac
Saint-Allyre
Clermont
College de Navarre
doctorate in theology
Collège Royal
Saint-Denis de La Chartre
Francis de Sales
Pope Sixtus V
Cardinal Allen
Baronius
Bosio
Holy League
Archbishop of Aix
Pope Gregory XIII
Archbishop Beaton
Henry IV of France
Provençal Parliament
Avignon
in commendam
rabbinic
Psalms
Origen

categories: 1535 births,1597 deaths,16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,16th-century French Catholic theologians,People from Riom,French Benedictines

paragraph: Gilbert Génébrard

paragraph: Gilbert Génébrard (12 December 1535, Riom, Puy-de-Dôme – 16 February 1597, Semur, Côte-d'Or) was a French Benedictine exegete and Orientalist.

paragraph: In his early youth he entered the Cluniac monastery of Mozac near Riom, later continued his studies at the monastery of Saint-Allyre in Clermont, and completed them at the College de Navarre in Paris, where he obtained the doctorate in theology in 1562. A year later he was appointed professor of Hebrew and exegesis at the Collège Royal and at the same time held the office of prior at Saint-Denis de La Chartre in Paris.

paragraph: He was one of the most learned professors at the university and through his numerous and erudite exegetical works became famous throughout Europe. Among his scholars at the Collège Royal was St. Francis de Sales, who in his later life considered it an honour to have had Génebrard as professor ("Traite de l'Amour de Dieu", XI, 11).

paragraph: About 1578 he went to Rome where he was honourably received by Pope Sixtus V and stood in close relation to Cardinal Allen, Baronius, Bosio, and other ecclesiastical celebrities. Upon his return, in 1588, he became one of the chief supporters of the Holy League in France. On 10 May 1591 he was appointed Archbishop of Aix by Pope Gregory XIII, but accepted this dignity only after the express command of the pope. He was consecrated by Archbishop Beaton of Glasgow on 10 April 1592. As archbishop he remained a zealous leaguer, even after Henry IV of France became reconciled with the Church in July, 1593.

paragraph: The new king, however, became daily more popular and gained over to his side most of the Catholics. Génebrard saw that further opposition would be useless and, on 15 November 1593, sent his submission to the king ("Revue des questions historiques", Paris, 1866, I 616, note). This, however, did not prevent the Provençal Parliament from banishing him on 26 September 1596. For a short time he stayed at Avignon, but being allowed by the king to return, he retired to the priory of Semur, which he held "in commendam".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Génébrard translated many rabbinic writings into Latin, wrote one of the best commentaries on the "Psalms": "Psalmi Davidis vulgatâ editione, calendario hebraeo, syro, graeco, latino, hymnis, argumentis, et commentariis, etc. instructi" (Paris, 1577); is the author of "De Sanctâ Trinitate" (Paris, 1569); "Joel Propheta cum chaldæâ paraphrasi et commentariis", etc. (Paris, 1563); "Chronographiae libri IV" (Paris 1580), and numerous other works. He also edited the works of Origen (Paris, 1574).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: Roman Catholic archbishop

wikidata_label: Gilbert Génébrard

wikipedia_title: Gilbert Génébrard


text:
Kerala
India
Thripunithura
lawyer
Yukthivadi
rationalist
atheist
magazine
Malayalam
Ramavarma Thampan
C. Krishnan
C. V. Kunjiraman
Sahodaran Ayyappan
religion
superstition
authoritarian
political system
Calicut Medical College
Kureepuzha Sreekumar
Pavanan
Thilakan
J. Edamaruku
M. K. Sanu
Kerala
Thiruvananthapuram

categories: Indian atheists,Indian materialists,Journalists from Kerala,Writers from Kochi,Indian sceptics,1981 deaths,20th-century Indian journalists,Indian male writers,Malayalam-language journalists,1887 births

paragraph: Mookencheril Cherian Joseph

paragraph: Mookencheril Cherian Joseph (6 January 1887 – 26 October 1981), popularly known as Yukthivadi M. C. Joseph, was an eminent rationalist from Kerala, India.

paragraph: M. C. Joseph was born on 6 January 1887 at Thripunithura in Kerala. His father was Mookencheril Kuncheria and mother Maria. After his education, he took up his career as a lawyer. He was one of the founders of "Yukthivadi", the first ever rationalist/atheist magazine in Malayalam along with Ramavarma Thampan, C. Krishnan, C. V. Kunjiraman, and Sahodaran Ayyappan. The first issue of the "Yukthivadi" was brought out on August, 1929.

paragraph: Sahodaran Ayyappan was the first editor of the magazine. Two years later M. C. Joseph took over the editorship and successfully continued its publication without any interruption for the next 45 years. His famous column "Kurippukal" (Notes) carried scathing criticism of all organized religions, superstitions, and undemocratic and authoritarian political systems. During his tenure as its editor, the magazine got so identified with its editor that he came to be known as Yukthivadi M. C. Joseph. In July 1974, at the age of 87, he handed over the magazine to Unni Kakkanand.

paragraph: M. C. Joseph died on 26 October 1981 at the age of 94. As per his wishes, the body was handed over to Calicut Medical College.

paragraph: Bharathiya yukthivadi Sangham is giving M. C. Joseph award for secular writers and activist in Malayalam. Kureepuzha Sreekumar, Pavanan, Thilakan and Vaisakhan are the award winners.

paragraph: Section::::Books by M. C. Joseph.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Purogathi" (Progress) (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Yukthiprakasham" (Light of Reason) (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Prabhodhanam" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "Ashayasamaram" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. "Thiranjetutha Kurippukal" (Selected Notes)(1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. "Chinthaviplavam" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::7. "Nasthikya Chintha" (Atheist Thoughts)(1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::8. "Swatanthra Chintha" (Free Thought)(1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::9. "Kuttichathan" (Goblins)(1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::10. "Emciyute Lekhanangal" (Essays)(1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::11. "Emciyute Darshanangal" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::12. "Jotsyam Oru Kapada Sasthram" (2004) Indian Atheist Publishers

paragraph: BULLET::::13. "Punarjanma Smaranakal" (2004) Indian Atheist Publishers

paragraph: BULLET::::14. "Kalathinu Mumpe Nadannavar" (2005) Indian Atheist Publisher

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "M.C. Enna Manushyan" : J. Edamaruku (1959) by Jai Hind Publishers, Kottayam; Revised edition (2004) by Indian Atheist Publishers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yukthivadi M.C. Joseph : M. K. Sanu (May 2002) (Department of Cultural Publications, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram -14)

description: Indian rationalist

wikidata_label: Mookencheril Cherian Joseph

wikipedia_title: Mookencheril Cherian Joseph


text: Morrissey

text: Hans Zimmer

text: Melody Gardot

text: SoKo

text: Justice

text: Melody's Echos Chamber,

text: Camille

text: Christine And The Queens

text: Hyphen Hyphen

text: CocoRosie

text: Gregory Porter

text: Lianne La Havas

text: Vanessa Paradis

text: Christophe

text: JoeyStarr

text: Jean Louis Murat

text: Nigel Godrich

text: Radiohead

text: A Moon Shaped Pool

text: Melody Gardot

text: Melody Gardot

text: Hans Zimmer

text: The Little Prince

text: Hyphen Hyphen

text: Christine and the Queens

text: Melody’s Echo Chamber

text: Radiohead

text: A Moon Shaped Pool

text: Justice

text: Woman

text: Camille

text: Guillaume Gallienne

text: Camille

text: Ilo Veyou

text: SoKo

text: My Dreams Dictate My Reality

text: Morrissey

text: Low in High School

text: Christophe

text: Vincent Delerm

text: Night Riots

text: Morrissey

text: World Peace Is None Of Your Business

text: Dom La Nena

text: Christophe

text: Vincent Delerm

text: Kyrie Kristmanson

text: L

text: Joeystarr

text: Mika

text: The Origin Of Love

text: Jean Louis Murat

text: SoKo

text: I Thought I Was An Alien

categories: Living people,French audio engineers,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Maxime Le Guil

paragraph: Maxime Le Guil is a French recording engineer, mixer and record producer.

paragraph: He has produced, mixed or engineered records for Morrissey, Hans Zimmer, Melody Gardot, SoKo, Justice, Melody's Echos Chamber, Camille, Christine And The Queens, Hyphen Hyphen, CocoRosie, Gregory Porter, Lianne La Havas, Vanessa Paradis, Christophe, JoeyStarr, Jean Louis Murat and many others.

paragraph: He has worked with Nigel Godrich on Radiohead's 2016 Album, "A Moon Shaped Pool"

paragraph: In 2016 he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical for his work on "Currency of Man" by Melody Gardot.

paragraph: Section::::Partial Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melody Gardot - "Currency of Man"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Zimmer - "The Little Prince"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hyphen Hyphen - "HH"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christine and the Queens - "iTunes Session – EP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melody’s Echo Chamber - "Cross My Heart"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radiohead - "A Moon Shaped Pool"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justice - "Woman"

paragraph: BULLET::::- - "Her"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Camille - "Ouï"

paragraph: BULLET::::- - "Tape #2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guillaume Gallienne - ""

paragraph: BULLET::::- Camille - "Ilo Veyou"

paragraph: BULLET::::- SoKo - "My Dreams Dictate My Reality"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morrissey - "Low in High School"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christophe - "Les Vestiges Du Chaos"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vincent Delerm - "À Présent"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Night Riots - "Love Gloom"

paragraph: BULLET::::- - "Camera"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morrissey - "World Peace Is None Of Your Business"

paragraph: BULLET::::- and Dom La Nena "- Birds On A Wire"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christophe - "Intime"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vincent Delerm - "Les Amants Parallèles"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyrie Kristmanson - "Modern Ruin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Round Nina - "A Tribute To Nina Simone"

paragraph: BULLET::::- L - ""

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teleskopes - "Lazers"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joeystarr - "Egomaniac"

paragraph: BULLET::::- - "Be Your Own King"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pi Ja Ma - "Radio Girl – EP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tribute - "Autour De Chet"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mika - "The Origin Of Love"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Louis Murat - "Grand Lièvre"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archipel - "Rowing Jewel"

paragraph: BULLET::::- SoKo - "I Thought I Was An Alien"

description: French audio engineer

wikidata_label: Maxime Le Guil

wikipedia_title: Maxime Le Guil


text:
field hockey
England
Great Britain
Investec Women's Hockey League
Uni of Birmingham
women's hockey
2014 Commonwealth Games
University of Birmingham
Profile
England Hockey

categories: Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain,Field hockey players at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England,Living people,Olympic field hockey players of Great Britain,Olympic medalists in field hockey,Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Members of the Order of the British Empire,People educated at Clifton College,Field hockey players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games,English female field hockey players,Female field hockey forwards,1994 births,British female field hockey players,Sportspeople from Bristol,Women's England Hockey League players,Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey,University of Birmingham Hockey Club players

paragraph: Lily Owsley

paragraph: Lily Isabelle Owsley, (born 10 December 1994) is an English international field hockey player who plays as a forward for England and Great Britain.

paragraph: Owsley plays club hockey in the Investec Women's Hockey League Premier Division for Uni of Birmingham.

paragraph: She won gold competing for Great Britain at the 2016 Rio Olympics. She competed for England in the women's hockey tournament at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where she won a silver medal. She was selected for the 2018 Commonwealth Team but had to withdraw due to injury.

paragraph: Owsley won Euro hockey gold with England in August 2015 at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, London. She scored the final goal to end full-time 2–2 with the Netherlands, then England won the penalty shoot out.

paragraph: In January 2016, Owsley was named global FIH Rising Star of 2015.

paragraph: She is currently at the University of Birmingham studying Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on England Hockey

description: British field hockey player

wikidata_label: Lily Owsley

wikipedia_title: Lily Owsley


text: courtier

text: Henry VIII of England

text: Gentleman of the Privy Chamber

text: Master of the Horse

text: Jane Seymour

text: MP

text: Derbyshire

text: Portledge

text: Alwington

text: Richard Coffin

text: Heanton Punchardon

text: Sheriff of Devon

text: courtier

text: Gentleman of the Privy chamber

text: Field of the Cloth of Gold

text: Anne Boleyn

text: Privy Chamber

text: Jane Seymour

text: Derbyshire

text: Master of the Horse

text: Anne Boleyn

text: Eric Ives

text: Margaret Dymoke

text: King's Champion

text: Haddon Hall

text: Bakewell

text: Derbyshire

text: Catalina of Aragon

text: Field of the Cloth of Gold

text: Lady of the Bedchamber

text: Richard Manners

text: Garendon

text: George Manners, 11th Lord Ros

text: Standon, Hertfordshire

text: East Hagginton

text: Berrynarbor

text: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

categories: Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for constituencies in Derbyshire,1495 births,High Sheriffs of Nottinghamshire,Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber,1538 deaths,15th-century English people,High Sheriffs of Derbyshire,English MPs 1529–1536,English courtiers,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: William Coffin (courtier)

paragraph: Sir William Coffin (by 1492-8 December 1538) was a courtier at the court of King Henry VIII of England. He was a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to King Henry VIII and Master of the Horse to Queen Jane Seymour. He was elected MP for Derbyshire in 1529.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was born "circa" 1495 at the ancestral manor of Portledge, in the parish of Alwington in North Devon. He was the younger son of Richard Coffin (1456–1523) of Alwington and Heanton Punchardon in North Devon, Sheriff of Devon in 1510, by his first wife Alice Gambon, daughter of John Gambon of Moorstone in Devon.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Sir William lived during the reign of Henry VIII, and was often seen at his court. He joined Henry VIII's household about 1515 as courtier and Gentleman of the Privy chamber, a post of great confidence and trust. There were 40 of these, and their duty was to wait on the king in public and private; they were all knights or esquires of distinction, and the attendance of two was required at each meal, to help and serve the king; they had also to sleep within call of the king at night.

paragraph: In 1519, Sir William Coffin joined King Henry in the tournament of Guesnes, Field of the Cloth of Gold, as one of His Majesty's eighteen favourites. After Anne Boleyn's beheading, Sir William continued to serve in the king's Privy Chamber and as an attendant to His Majesty. He served the King's third wife, Jane Seymour, just as he had served Queen Anne.

paragraph: In 1529 he was elected MP for Derbyshire, having acquired a connection with that county through his marriage to Margaret Dymocke. In 1531 he was appointed High Sheriff of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire.

paragraph: He was Master of the Horse at the coronation of Anne Boleyn in 1533, when the king knighted him.

paragraph: The historian Eric Ives described Coffin as "a professional household administrator, actively concerned with the staffing of his department, and later to serve Jane Seymour in the same capacity."

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: William Coffin married Margaret Dymoke, the daughter of Sir Robert Dymoke of Scrivelsby, Lincolnshire, the Hereditary King's Champion, by his wife Anne Sparrow. She was the sister of Sir Edward Dymoke and had been since 1517 the widow of Sir Richard Vernon (died 1517) of Haddon Hall, Bakewell, Derbyshire. When Margaret Dymoke was left a wealthy widow by the death of her first husband, King Henry VIII urged her to marry Sir William Coffin. In 1519 Margaret had attended Catalina of Aragon at the Field of the Cloth of Gold and was a fellow courtier with Sir William Coffin, her second husband. Margaret was one of the gentlewomen sent to wait (and spy) upon Anne Boleyn in the Tower. Some accounts give the name as "Mistress Cosyns" but this is a mistake for Coffin (presumably the confusion was caused by the use of the long "S"). In Jane Seymour's household Margaret was a Lady of the Bedchamber. Shortly after Sir William Coffin's death in December, 1538, she remarried to Sir Richard Manners (died 1551) of Garendon, Leicestershire, MP for Leicestershire in 1542, a younger son of George Manners, 11th Lord Ros. Sir William Coffin died without children.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Sir William Coffin died on 8 December 1538 at Standon, Hertfordshire. His death was sudden and he had made his will on the day he died. He was buried in the middle of the chancel of Standon Church, where survives his inscribed memorial stone.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: Sir William Coffin left no children. He bequeathed most of his leases and goods to his wife, whom he appointed his sole executrix. His Devon lands were inherited by three of his nephews; his lease of East Hagginton in Berrynarbor, Devon, he enfeoffed to the senior nephew Richard Coffin (died 1555), his eldest brother's son and heir. His properties in Bakewell, Derbyshire, he left to two of his servants, Henry Ireland and Robert Roo.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Black, C. J., biography of Coffin, William (by 1492-1538) of Porthledge, Devon and Bakewell, Derbys, published in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509-1558, ed. S.T. Bindoff, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p. 208-11, pedigree of Coffin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Byrne, Muriel St. Clare, (ed.) The Lisle Letters, 6 vols, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 1981, vol.1

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Coffin, Sir William (b. in or before 1492, d. 1538), courtier by Catharine Davies.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: William Coffin

wikipedia_title: William Coffin (courtier)


text: Mexican painter, engraver and sculptor

text: Mexican muralism

text: Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social

text: Porfirio Díaz

text: Mexican Revolution

text: Nuevo León

text: San Antonio, Texas

text: Monterrey

text: Cadereyta Jiménez

text: Alfredo Ramos Martínez

text: Diego Rivera

text: Montparnasse

text: Picasso

text: Alfonso Reyes

text: César Vallejo

text: Jose de Creeft

text: Federico Cantú Fabila

text: Le Grande Chaumière

text: Second World War

text: Universidad Intercontinental

text: Tlalpan

text: Exposition Park Museum

text: Los Angeles

text: Secretaría de Educación Pública

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Roberto Montenegro

text: 1985 Mexico City earthquake

text: Linares

text: Galeana

text: Iturbide, Nuevo León

text: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

text: San Miguel Allende

text: Carlos Alvarado Lang

text: burin

text: Renato Leduc

text: Luis Cardoza y Aragón

text: Antonin Artaud

text: Alí Chumacero

text: Mackinley Helm

text: University of California

text: Palacio de Bellas Artes

text: Sotheby's

text: watercolor

text: monotype

text: mole

text: pulque

text: François Villon

text: Efraín Huerta

text: Arthur Rimbaud

text: Paul Valéry

text: Lord Byron

text: Goethe

text: André Malraux

text: Antonin Artaud

text: Paul Éluard

text: IMSS en la obra de Federico Cantú

text: Federico Cantú Garza

text: Deutsche Fotothek

categories: 20th-century engravers,20th-century Mexican sculptors,Mexican muralists,Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda" faculty,People from Cadereyta, Nuevo León,20th-century Mexican painters,1907 births,Artists from Nuevo León,Mexican engravers,1989 deaths

paragraph: Federico Cantú Garza

paragraph: Federico Heraclio Cantú Garza (March 3, 1907 – January 29, 1989) was a Mexican painter, engraver and sculptor. While considered to be a member of the Mexican muralism movement, his style was noticeably different, mostly for adhering to older and more academic forms of painting and sculpture. He had his most success exhibiting in the United States and Europe, but he did murals and sculptures in Mexico. His best known work is a sculpture called "La maternidad" which was adapted as the logo of the Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social (IMSS).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Cantú was born to María Luiza Garza, a novelist, and Adolfo Cantú, a journalist who opposed the Porfirio Díaz regime. He was born shortly before the Mexican Revolution and spent his childhood split between Nuevo León and San Antonio, Texas, with the family moving back permanently to Mexico in the 1920s. He was born on March 3, 1907 in Monterrey, but later in life, he changed his birth year to 1908 and his birthplace to Cadereyta Jiménez, where his family was originally from.

paragraph: In 1922, at age 14, Cantú entered the Escuela de Pintura al Aire Libre, which was directed by Alfredo Ramos Martínez. He had contact with the growing Mexican muralism movement and briefly studied fresco painting under Diego Rivera in 1924.

paragraph: From 1924 to 1934, he traveled and lived in Europe and the United States. He first went to live in Paris on Rue Delambre in Montparnasse, being only sixteen years old. During his time in Europe he met various artists of the avant garde of the time, including Picasso, Alfonso Reyes, poet César Vallejo and sculptor Mateo Hernández. He studied with sculptor Jose de Creeft. When he lived in Paris, he gathered a collection of drawings called the "Paris Collection" by his son Federico Cantú Fabila , FCF. However, during his time there, he created over two chests of drawings made at Le Grande Chaumière. These chests were lost.

paragraph: In 1929, he married his first wife, Luz Fabila Montes de Oca.

paragraph: His times in the United States were short periods. He left Europe for Mexico in 1934. In the 1930s, he joined a group of painters with the Inés Amor gallery but soon after, established a studio in New York, as friends of his from Montparnasse were there to escape the Second World War.

paragraph: He died on January 29, 1989. His remains are at the foot of his mural "Dios Padre y crucifixion" (1959) at the chapel of the Universidad Intercontinental in Tlalpan.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Cantú's career extended over 65 years and included exhibitions, monumental works, design, illustrations and more. From 1924 to 1931 he exhibited his work in the United States and Europe, with his first exhibition occurring at the Exposition Park Museum in Los Angeles. His first exhibition in Mexico was in 1933 at the Salón de Arte of the Secretaría de Educación Pública. While living in New York, he took part in several collective shows. He had much of his success in these two places, with other shows at Tate Gallery in London, the Museum of Modern Art, the Macy's Gallery and the Perls Gallery in New York.

paragraph: He did monumental works such as murals and sculptures, with one of the first a mural with Roberto Montenegro in 1934. These works can be found at universities, government buildings and private homes. From 1951 to the early 1960s, he devoted most of his time painting murals in private homes, with a number of these since acquired by the government of Nuevo León. In the 1950s, he created a mural at the headquarters of the Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social in Mexico City called "Las Enseñanzas de Quetzalcoatl" and another called "Maternidad Yacente". The first was damaged by the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, and was repaired by his son, Cantu Fabila and his wife Elsa. In 1958 he sculpted two stone slabs for the exterior of the Unidad Independencia theater in Mexico City. However, the day after they were finished, they were robbed. A similar fate happened to one of the copies of the IMSS emblem. He created a low relief called "El Flechador del sol" in 1961 on the Sierra Madre along the highway between Linares and Galeana in the municipality of Iturbide, Nuevo León. However, this work crumbled in 2002, with recovered pieces now on display at a site museum. His last monument was designed in 1988, and was dedicated to Alfonso Reyes. One notable mural is "Los informantes de Sahagún" at the former monastery of San Diego, which was the site of the Pinacoteca Virreinal in Mexico City. He also created a mural dedicated to Greek myth at the Philosophy and Letters department of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. He also created murals for a church in San Miguel Allende but they were defaced due to a dispute between the artist the institution over how the characters were portrayed.

paragraph: One of the murals he did in a private home was that of Benito Coquet, a public official. When he became head of IMSS in 1958, he hired Cantú to make sculptures and designs for the IMSS, Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social. His best known sculpture from this relationship is "La maternidad", which is used as the symbol of IMSS. The emblem is also known as "Nuestra Señora de Seguro Social" (Our Lady of Social Security).

paragraph: In addition to canvas works and monumental pieces, Cantú worked on a number of other projects. In 1945, he began working with Carlos Alvarado Lang, creating burin engraving and dry point. He illustrated poems by writer friends such as Renato Leduc, Luis Cardoza y Aragón, Antonin Artaud and Alí Chumacero. His first monograph work and book was "A Matter of Love" by Mackinley Helm, which Cantú illustrated; both were published in 1946. In addition to the work he did for IMSS, other important sculptures include "Las enseñanzas de Quetzalcóatl" and "Las enseñanzas de cura Hidalgo". However, a significant number of his works have been lost for various reasons, especially those done in Europe.

paragraph: In addition, Cantú taught both in Mexico and the United States. In the 1940s, he was an instructor at the Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda". In 1951 he was a guest lecturer at the University of California.

paragraph: His work can be found at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, the Basilica de la Purisima in Monterrey NL Letania, the former monastery of San Diego, the Pinacoteca Virreinal, the Charles Morgan Gallery in New York and Vatican City. He has been featured in a number of monographic publications and his work has been covered in books such as "Cien años a través de cien artistas of the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey" (2000) and "Arte Nuestro of the Museo Metropolitano de Monterrey" (2005). While alive, he had a retrospective at the Palacio de Bellas Artes in 1970, and was one of the few to receive homage at the same institution while alive in 1986.

paragraph: After his death his work has still been sold and exhibited. In 2005, his painting "Mujer Desnuda" sold for 19,000 USD at Sotheby's. In 2007, the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México held a large exhibition of his work for the 100th anniversary of his birth.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: Cantú created watercolors, oils, drawings, inks, prints, monotypes, sculptures and murals. He was admired for the quality of his drawings, which incorporated the people and landscapes of Mexico into his historical and religious works.

paragraph: In Europe, he was exposed to the avant garde movements of the time and in Mexico, the dominant form of Mexican muralism. However, Cantú's style was classical and academic, often combining classic myth with modern symbolism. This was true even of his mural work, and he was the only major painter at the time doing religious themes. This put him at the margins of his Mexican muralist contemporaries. His dissatisfaction with this situation was expressed by him: "Is it fair to discount me as a Mexican, just because my paints do not drip mole or sweat pulque?" However, he has come to be known as "El gran olvidado" (the great forgotten one).

paragraph: He was an avid reader, with literature being a major influence on his work. He was especially fond of 15th-century French poet François Villon, but also read much of the work of Alfonso Reyes, Renato Leduc, Efraín Huerta, Jean Nicolas, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Valéry, Lord Byron, Goethe, André Malraux, Antonin Artaud, and Paul Éluard.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NL Nuestro Arte & Grecia en la obra de Federico Cantú -American catalogue by Adolfo Cantú Coleccion de Arte Cantú Y de Teresa

paragraph: BULLET::::- IMSS en la obra de Federico Cantú

paragraph: BULLET::::- Federico Cantú Garza, Deutsche Fotothek

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.museoblaisten.com

alias:
Federico Cantú
Federico Cantu
Federico Cantu Garza

description: painter, etcher and sculptor Hispano-American

wikidata_label: Federico Cantú Garza

wikipedia_title: Federico Cantú Garza


text:
Bytom
Duke Bolesław of Koźle
Cieszyn
Niemodlin
Ziębice
Trzebnica
Bytom
Oleśnica
Władysław of Bytom
Konrad I of Oleśnica
Casimir I of Cieszyn
Przemysław I Noszak

paragraph: Margareta of Sternberg

paragraph: Margareta of Sternberg (, ) (died aft. 5 June 1365) was a Moravian noblewoman and by marriage Duchess of Bytom.

paragraph: She was the eldest child and only daughter of Jaroslav of Sternberg ("Jaroslav ze Šternberka") by his second wife Margareta of Bílina ("Machna z Bíliny"). Margareta had two full-brothers, Aleš and Jan, and also two older half-brothers, Zdeněk (d. aft. 1408) and Smil (d. 1398), born from the first marriage of Jaroslav of Sternberg with a certain Eliška.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: By 14 February 1347 Margareta married Duke Bolesław of Koźle. The marriage produced three daughters: Elisabeth —by marriage Duchess of Cieszyn—, Euphemia —by her first marriage Duchess of Niemodlin and by the second Duchess of Ziębice— and Bolka —later Abbess of Trzebnica—.

paragraph: In 1352, Duke Bolesław inherited the Duchy of Bytom but died suddenly in Italy three years later (1355). In his will, he left Bytom to Margareta as her ; however, the disputes soon began over the inheritance of the Duchy of Koźle-Bytom between the Dukes of Oleśnica and Cieszyn, who claimed rights by virtue of the treaty signed between Duke Władysław of Bytom and the Bohemian Kingdom, under which the succession of women over the Duchy in absence of male heirs was allowed. Koźle was taken by Duke Konrad I of Oleśnica (who claimed the rights of his wife Euphemia, eldest half-sister of Bolesław). At consequence of this conflict, Margareta's rights over Bytom were disputed and her rule was only formally.

paragraph: After two years of conflicts, on 8 December 1357 a settlement was made: Bytom was divided between the Dukes Konrad I of Oleśnica and Casimir I of Cieszyn, legal guardian of Bolesław's daughters, who were forced to renounce their rights over the Duchy. Three years later, in 1360, the new Duke of Cieszyn, Przemysław I Noszak, married Elisabeth, the eldest daughter of Bolesław, and with this acquired additional rights over the half of Bytom. Margareta died five years later.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Moravian noblewoman and Duchess

wikidata_label: Margareta of Sternberg

wikipedia_title: Margareta of Sternberg


text: Ukrainian

text: overtone

text: sympathetic resonance

text: Paris

text: Carolyn Carlson

text: Sweden

text: Sony Classical Records

text: Sounds of Subterrania

text: Audio Sushi

text: "Melnyk, Lubomyr"

categories: 1948 births,21st-century Canadian pianists,Canadian composers,Canadian male pianists,Canadian pianists,Canadian male composers,Canadian people of Ukrainian descent,Living people

paragraph: Lubomyr Melnyk

paragraph: Lubomyr Melnyk (born December 20, 1948) is a composer and pianist of Ukrainian origin.

paragraph: Melnyk is noted for his "continuous music", a piano technique based on extremely rapid notes and complex note-series, usually with the sustain pedal held down to generate harmonic overtones and sympathetic resonances. The virtuoso plays rapid sequences thanks to his ability to play up to 19 notes per second (with each hand). These overtones blend or clash according to harmonic changes. Most of his music is for piano, but he has also composed chamber and orchestral works. According to the pianist, his piano music requires a special technique, closely related to the Martial Arts, and is too complex and difficult for any concert pianists to play. Because of his lifelong devotion to the piano, he has been called The Prophet Of The Piano.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Melnyk lived in Paris from 1973 to 1975, supporting himself by playing for modern dance classes, most notably in conjunction with Carolyn Carlson at the Paris Opera. Many of his works were presented in conjunction with modern dance. Through his work with Carolyn Carlson, he began to create "continuous music" for piano.

paragraph: Melnyk has composed over 120 works, mostly for piano solo and double piano, and some for piano with ensemble. To explain the proper physical and mental techniques for his music, Melnyk wrote a treatise, "OPEN TIME: The Art of Continuous Music" (1981) and "22 Etudes", to teach the fundamental levels of his continuous technique. In 1985, Lubomyr Melnyk set two world records, documented on film and with full audio, at the Sigtuna Stiftelsen in Sweden. He sustained speeds of over 19.5 notes per second in each hand, and played between 13 and 14 notes per second for one full hour.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lund - St. Petri Symphony" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Concert-Requiem" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poslaniye" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Stone Knight" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Song of Galadriel" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Remnants of Man / The Fountain" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wave-Lox" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Voice Of Trees" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "NICHE / NOURISH / NICHE-XONs" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Portrait Of Petlura On The Day He Was Killed {Lyrrest}" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It Was Revealed Unto Us That Man Is The Centre Of The Universe" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Swallows" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vocalizes and Antiphons" (1991-1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyond Romance" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Self-Luminous Way" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Windmills" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Corollaries" (2013) (Erased Tapes Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Solo Pieces" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Evertina" (2014) (Erased Tapes Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rivers and Streams" (2015) (Erased Tapes Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "illirion" (2016) (Sony Classical Records / Sounds of Subterrania )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dreamers Ever Leave You - The Lauren Harris Ballet Music" (2018) (Audio Sushi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fallen Trees" (2018) (Erased Tapes Records)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encyclopedia of Music in Canada": "Melnyk, Lubomyr"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schulman, Michael, 'Despite all his problems, Lubomyr Melnyk labours on,' "Canadian Composer," 117, January 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prokosh, Kevin, 'Piano attacked in samurai style,' "Winnipeg Free Press," 10 January 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eddins, Stephen, 'A major feat of virtuosity', "AllMusic", 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Powell, Mike, 'Minimalism at its most lush, ornate, and taxing', "Pitchfork," 23 August 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifteen Questions with Lubomyr Melnyk,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Erased Tapes Records":

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview: Lubomyr Melnyk on Achieving Transcendence Through the Piano

description: Ukrainian musician and composer

wikidata_label: Lubomyr Melnyk

wikipedia_title: Lubomyr Melnyk


text: electrical engineer

text: Western Electric Manufacturing Company

text: development of a telephone prototype

text: Highland Park, Illinois

text: Alexander Graham Bell

text: telephone patent

text: music synthesizer

text: Graybar

text: Quaker

text: Barnesville, Ohio

text: Oberlin College

text: telegraph

text: Western Union Telegraph Company

text: Graybar Electric Company

text: Western Union

text: General Anson Stager

text: Highland Park

text: acoustic telegraph

text: Western Union

text: J. P. Morgan

text: electric musical instruments

text: acoustic telegraphy

text: caveat

text: Alexander Graham Bell

text: first to invent

text: U.S. Patent Office

text: Patent Office

text: affidavit

text: Marcellus Bailey

text: Augustus Garland

text: telautograph

text: Xerox

text: 1893 Columbian Exposition

text: International Congress of Electricians

text: closed-circuit television

text: telephote

text: Newtonville, Massachusetts

text: Gray code

text: Frank Gray

text: Invention of the telephone

text: Timeline of the telephone

text: The Telephone Cases

text: Water microphone

text: Oberlin

text: Elisha Gray biography from Oberlin

text: Gray's telephone caveat

text: Gray's telephone caveat

text: Gray's "Musical Telegraph"

text: Gray's "Harmonic Multiple Telegraph"

text: "Telautograph"

text: Grave of Elish Gray

text: Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago

text: The Musical Telegraph

text: TIFF

categories: Burials at Rosehill Cemetery,Businesspeople from Boston,1835 births,People from Barnesville, Ohio,1901 deaths,Oberlin College faculty,19th-century American inventors,American Quakers,Discovery and invention controversies,Oberlin College alumni

paragraph: Elisha Gray

paragraph: Elisha Gray (August 2, 1835 – January 21, 1901) was an American electrical engineer who co-founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company. Gray is best known for his development of a telephone prototype in 1876 in Highland Park, Illinois. Some recent authors have argued that Gray should be considered the true inventor of the telephone because Alexander Graham Bell allegedly stole the idea of the liquid transmitter from him, although Gray had been using liquid transmitters in his telephone experiments for more than two years previously. Bell's telephone patent was upheld in numerous court decisions.

paragraph: Gray is also considered to be the father of the modern music synthesizer, and was granted over 70 patents for his inventions. He was one of the founders of Graybar, purchasing a controlling interest in the company shortly after its inception.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and early inventions.

paragraph: Born into a Quaker family in Barnesville, Ohio, Gray was brought up on a farm. He spent several years at Oberlin College where he experimented with electrical devices. Although Gray did not graduate, he taught electricity and science there and built laboratory equipment for its science departments.

paragraph: In 1862 while at Oberlin, Gray met and married Delia Minerva Shepard.

paragraph: In 1865 Gray invented a self-adjusting telegraph relay that automatically adapted to varying insulation of the telegraph line. In 1867 Gray received a patent for the invention, the first of more than seventy.

paragraph: In 1869, Elisha Gray and his partner Enos M. Barton founded Gray & Barton Co. in Cleveland, Ohio to supply telegraph equipment to the giant Western Union Telegraph Company. The electrical distribution business was later spun off and organized into a separate company, Graybar Electric Company, Inc. Barton was employed by Western Union to examine and test new products.

paragraph: In 1870 financing for Gray & Barton Co. was arranged by General Anson Stager, a superintendent of the Western Union Telegraph Company. Stager became an active partner in Gray & Barton Co. and remained on the board of directors. The company moved to Chicago near Highland Park. Gray later gave up his administrative position as chief engineer to focus on inventions that could benefit the telegraph industry. Gray's inventions and patent costs were financed by a dentist, Dr. Samuel S. White of Philadelphia, who had made a fortune producing porcelain teeth. White wanted Gray to focus on the acoustic telegraph which promised huge profits instead of what appeared to be unpromising competing inventions such as the telephone, White made the decision in 1876 to redirect Gray's interest in the telephone.

paragraph: In 1870, Gray developed a needle annunciator for hotels and another for elevators. He also developed a microphone printer which had a typewriter keyboard and printed messages on paper tape.

paragraph: In 1872 Western Union, then financed by the Vanderbilts and J. P. Morgan, bought one-third of Gray and Barton Co. and changed the name to Western Electric Manufacturing Company of Chicago. Gray continued to invent for Western Electric.

paragraph: In 1874, Gray retired to do independent research and development. Gray applied for a patent on a harmonic telegraph which consisted of multi-tone transmitters, that controlled each tone with a separate telegraph key. Gray gave several private demonstrations of this invention in New York and Washington, D.C. in May and June 1874.

paragraph: Gray was a charter member of the Presbyterian Church in Highland Park, Illinois. At the church, on December 29, 1874, Gray gave the first public demonstration of his invention for transmitting musical tones and transmitted "familiar melodies through telegraph wire" according to a newspaper announcement. This was one of the earliest electric musical instruments using vibrating electromagnetic circuits that were single-note oscillators operated by a two-octave piano keyboard. The "Musical Telegraph" used steel reeds whose oscillations were created by electromagnets and transmitted over a telegraph wire. Gray also built a simple loudspeaker in later models consisting of a vibrating diaphragm in a magnetic field to make the oscillator tones audible and louder at the receiving end. In 1900 Gray worked on an underwater signaling device. After his death in 1901 officials gave the invention to Oberlin College. A few years later he was recognized as the inventor of the underwater signaling device.

paragraph: On July 27, 1875, Gray was granted for "Electric Telegraph for Transmitting Musical Tones" (acoustic telegraphy).

paragraph: Section::::Telephone.

paragraph: Because of Samuel White's opposition to Gray working on the telephone, Gray did not tell anybody about his invention for transmitting voice sounds until February 11, 1876 (Friday). Gray requested that his patent lawyer William D. Baldwin prepare a "caveat" for filing at the US Patent Office. A caveat was like a provisional patent application with drawings and description but without a request for examination.

paragraph: On Monday morning February 14, 1876, Gray signed and had notarized the caveat that described a telephone that used a liquid transmitter. Baldwin then submitted the caveat to the US Patent Office. That same morning a lawyer for Alexander Graham Bell submitted Bell's patent application. Which application arrived first is hotly disputed, although Gray believed that his caveat arrived a few hours "before" Bell's application. Bell's lawyers in Washington, DC, had been waiting with Bell's patent application for months, under instructions not to file it in the USA until it had been filed in Britain first. (At the time, Britain would only issue patents on discoveries not previously patented elsewhere.)

paragraph: According to Evenson, during the weekend of February 12–14, 1876, before either caveat or application had been filed in the patent office, Bell's lawyer learned about the liquid transmitter idea in Gray's caveat that would be filed early Monday morning February 14. Bell's lawyer then added seven sentences describing the liquid transmitter and a variable resistance claim to Bell's draft application. After the lawyer's clerk recopied the draft as a finished patent application, Bell's lawyer hand-delivered the finished application to the patent office just before noon Monday, a few hours after Gray's caveat was delivered by Gray's lawyer. Bell's lawyer requested that Bell's application be immediately recorded and hand-delivered to the examiner on Monday so that later Bell could claim it had arrived first. Bell was in Boston at this time and was not aware that his application had been filed.

paragraph: Five days later, on February 19, Zenas Fisk Wilber, the patent examiner for both Bell's application and Gray's caveat, noticed that Bell's application claimed the same variable resistance feature described in Gray's caveat. Wilber suspended Bell's application for 90 days to give Gray time to submit a competing patent application. The suspension also gave Bell time to amend his claims to avoid an interference with an earlier patent application of Gray's that mentioned changing the intensity of the electric current without breaking the circuit, which seemed to the examiner to be an "undulatory current" that Bell was claiming. Such an interference would delay Bell's application until Bell submitted proof, under the first to invent rules, that Bell had invented that feature before Gray.

paragraph: Bell's lawyer telegraphed Bell, who was still in Boston, to come to Washington, DC. When Bell arrived on February 26, Bell visited his lawyers and then visited examiner Wilber who told Bell that Gray's caveat showed a liquid transmitter and asked Bell for proof that the liquid transmitter idea (described in Bell's patent application as using mercury as the liquid) was invented by Bell. Bell pointed to an application of Bell's filed a year earlier where mercury was used in a circuit breaker. The examiner accepted this argument, although mercury would not have worked in a telephone transmitter. On February 29, Bell's lawyer submitted an amendment to Bell's claims that distinguished them from Gray's caveat and Gray's earlier application. On March 3, Wilber approved Bell's application and on March 7, 1876, was published by the U.S. Patent Office.

paragraph: Bell returned to Boston and resumed work on March 9, drawing a diagram in his lab notebook of a water transmitter being used face down, very similar to that shown in Gray's caveat. Bell and Watson built and tested a liquid transmitter design on March 10 and successfully transmitted clear speech saying "Mr. Watson – come here – I want to see you." Bell's notebooks became public when they were donated to the Library of Congress in 1976.

paragraph: Although Bell has been accused of stealing the telephone from Gray because his liquid transmitter design resembled Gray's, documents in the Library of Congress indicate that Bell had been using liquid transmitters extensively for three years in his multiple telegraph and other experiments. In April, 1875, ten months before the alleged theft of Gray's design, the U.S. Patent Office granted to Bell for a primitive fax machine, which he called the "autograph telegraph." The includes liquid transmitters.

paragraph: After March 1876, Bell and Watson focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone and never used Gray's liquid transmitter in public demonstrations or commercial use. When Bell demonstrated his telephone at the Centennial Exhibition in June 1876, he used his improved electromagnetic transmitter, not Gray's water transmitter.

paragraph: Although Gray had abandoned his caveat, Gray applied for a patent for the same invention in late 1877. This put him in a second interference with Bell's patents. The Patent Office determined, "while Gray was undoubtedly the first to conceive of and disclose the [variable resistance] invention, as in his caveat of February 14, 1876, his failure to take any action amounting to completion until others had demonstrated the utility of the invention deprives him of the right to have it considered." Gray challenged Bell's patent anyway, and after two years of litigation, Bell was awarded rights to the invention, and as a result, Bell is credited as the inventor.

paragraph: In 1886, Wilber stated in an affidavit that he was an alcoholic and deeply in debt to Bell's lawyer Marcellus Bailey with whom Wilber had served in the Civil War. Wilber stated that, contrary to Patent Office rules, he showed Bailey the caveat Gray had filed. He also stated that he showed the caveat to Bell and Bell gave him $100. Bell testified that they only discussed the patent in general terms, although in a letter to Gray, Bell admitted that he learned some of the technical details. Wilbur's affidavit contradicted his earlier testimony, and historians have pointed out that his last affidavit was drafted for him by the attorneys for the Pan-Electric Company which was attempting to steal the Bell patents and was later discovered to have bribed the U.S. Attorney General Augustus Garland and several Congressmen.

paragraph: Bell's patent was disputed in 1888 by attorney Lysander Hill who accused Wilber of allowing Bell or his lawyer Pollok to add a handwritten margin note of seven sentences to Bell's application that describe an alternate design similar to Gray's liquid microphone design. However, the marginal note was added only to Bell's earlier draft, not to his patent application that shows the seven sentences already present in a paragraph. Bell testified that he added those seven sentences in the margin of an earlier draft of his application "almost at the last moment before sending it off to Washington" to his lawyers. Bell or his lawyer could not have added the seven sentences to the application after it was filed in the Patent Office, because then the application would not have been suspended.

paragraph: Section::::Gray's further inventions.

paragraph: In 1887 Gray invented the telautograph, a device that could remotely transmit handwriting through telegraph systems. Gray was granted several patents for these pioneer fax machines, and the Gray National Telautograph Company was chartered in 1888 and continued in business as The Telautograph Corporation for many years; after a series of mergers it was finally absorbed by Xerox in the 1990s. Gray's telautograph machines were used by banks for signing documents at a distance and by the military for sending written commands during gun tests when the deafening noise from the guns made spoken orders on the telephone impractical. The machines were also used at train stations for schedule changes.

paragraph: Gray displayed his telautograph invention in 1893 at the 1893 Columbian Exposition and sold his share in the telautograph shortly after that. Gray was also chairman of the International Congress of Electricians at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893.

paragraph: Gray conceived of a primitive closed-circuit television system that he called the "telephote". Pictures would be focused on an array of selenium cells and signals from the selenium cells would be transmitted to a distant station on separate wires. At the receiving end each wire would open or close a shutter to recreate the image.

paragraph: In 1899 Gray moved to Boston where he continued inventing. One of his projects was to develop an underwater signaling device to transmit messages to ships. One such signaling device was tested on December 31, 1900. Three weeks later, on January 21, 1901, Gray died from a heart attack in Newtonville, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Some modern authors incorrectly attribute the Gray code to Elisha Gray, whereas it was actually named after Frank Gray.

paragraph: Section::::Gray's publications.

paragraph: Gray wrote several books including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Experimental Researches in Electro-Harmonic Telegraphy and Telephony, 1867–1876" (Appleton, 1878)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Telegraphy and Telephony" (1878)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Electricity and Magnetism" (1900) and

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nature's Miracles" (1900) a nontechnical discussion of science and technology for the general public.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Invention of the telephone

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of the telephone

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Telephone Cases

paragraph: BULLET::::- Water microphone

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Lloyd W. Taylor, an Oberlin physics department head, began writing a Gray biography, but the book was never finished because of Taylor's accidental death in July 1948. Dr Taylor's unfinished manuscript is in the College Archives at Oberlin College.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elisha Gray biography from Oberlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gray's telephone caveat filed on February 14, 1876 same day as Bell's application

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gray's telephone caveat with drawings, filed on February 14, 1876

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gray's "Musical Telegraph" of 1876

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gray's "Harmonic Multiple Telegraph"

paragraph: BULLET::::- over the harmonic telegraph

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Telautograph" description

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grave of Elish Gray in Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Musical Telegraph Elisha Grey's The Musical Telegraph on '120 Years of Electronic Music'

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Gray's patents.

paragraph: "Patent images in TIFF format"

description: American electrical engineer

enwikiquote_title: Elisha Gray

wikidata_label: Elisha Gray

wikipedia_title: Elisha Gray


text: cowboy

text: Ranch

text: Wickenburg, Arizona

text: New Mexico

text: Pencil graphite

text: George R. R. Martin

text: Scottsdale, Arizona

text: Jackson, Wyoming

text: Tucson, Arizona

text: Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center

text: Albuquerque Museum

categories: 1935 births,School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni,Lake Forest College alumni,University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni,Living people,People from Champaign, Illinois

paragraph: Robert "Shoofly" Shufelt

paragraph: Robert "Shoofly" Shufelt (born February 16, 1935) is an American artist who is primarily known for his depiction of the modern-day cowboy and Ranch lifestyle in the Southwest. Originally from Illinois, he attended art school and worked in illustration before moving to a cattle ranch near Wickenburg, Arizona. He currently lives in New Mexico.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Shufelt's Pencil graphite drawings capture ranching culture which is absorbed in the cowboy way. Some drawings have been published by the artist in small editions of stone, offset or digital issues.

paragraph: In 2014 he was awarded the New Mexico Governor's Awards for Excellence in the Arts alongside author George R. R. Martin.

paragraph: His lithographs often feature horses, cattle, and ranch scenes.

paragraph: Shufelt's artwork is represented in galleries in Scottsdale, Arizona; Jackson, Wyoming; and Tucson, Arizona. His work hangs in museums across the United States including the Desert Caballeros Western Museum; the Tucson Art Museum; the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center; Albuquerque Museum; Las Cruces Museum; the New Mexico Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum; and the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum.

paragraph: He is still an active artist.

description: artist (b. 1935)

wikidata_label: Robert "Shoofly" Shufelt

wikipedia_title: Robert "Shoofly" Shufelt


text:
Canadian
25th
Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
La Malbaie
Quebec
Bar of Quebec
Queen's Counsel
House of Commons of Canada
1958 election
Progressive Conservative
Member of Parliament
Diefenbaker
Charlevoix
1962 election
seat
1963 election
Canadian cabinet
1965 election
1968 election
1972 election
Senate of Canada
Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
Governor General
Brian Mulroney
Order of Canada
The Right Honourable
Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus de Québec
Quebec City
Biography
National Assembly of Quebec

categories: Officers of the Order of Canada,Members of the 21st Canadian Ministry,2013 deaths,Mayors of places in Quebec,Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs,Lieutenant Governors of Quebec,Canadian senators from Quebec,1924 births,Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec,Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada,Lawyers in Quebec,Progressive Conservative Party of Canada senators,Canadian Queen's Counsel,Members of the 18th Canadian Ministry

paragraph: Martial Asselin

paragraph: Martial Asselin, (February 3, 1924 – January 25, 2013) was a Canadian politician and the 25th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (1990–1996).

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Born in La Malbaie, Quebec, the son of Ferdinand Asselin and Eugénie Tremblay, he was called to the Bar of Quebec in 1951. He became a Queen's Counsel in 1967. From 1957 to 1963, he was the Mayor of La Malbaie.

paragraph: Asselin was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1958 election as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) in the Diefenbaker sweep. He represented the riding of Charlevoix.

paragraph: Asselin was defeated in the 1962 election. Despite no longer having a seat, he was appointed to the position of Minister of Forestry in Diefenbaker's pre-1963 election Canadian cabinet, in the hope that he and the Tories would both win the upcoming election. He served for only a month until the defeat of the Conservatives and Asselin's failure to regain his seat.

paragraph: He returned to the House of Commons in the 1965 election, and he was re-elected in the 1968 election.

paragraph: Prior to the 1972 election, he accepted an appointment to the Senate of Canada. He sat in the Senate until 1990, when he was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of Quebec by the Governor General, on the advice of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. In 1996, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

paragraph: In 1992, he was given the right to use the honorific style of "The Right Honourable", which is granted for life and to very few eminent Canadians. On January 25, 2013, Asselin died at the Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus de Québec in Quebec City. He was 88 years old.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the official National Assembly of Quebec website

description: Canadian politician

wikidata_label: Martial Asselin

wikipedia_title: Martial Asselin