text:
Andrew I of Hungary
Árpád dynasty
Anastasia of Kiev
Vratislav II
Bohemia
Bretislaus II of Bohemia
Judith of Bohemia
Świętosława of Poland
King of Bohemia

categories: 1040s births,11th-century Hungarian women,1062 deaths,Place of death missing,11th-century Bohemian women,Duchesses of Bohemia,Hungarian princesses,Place of birth missing,11th-century Hungarian people,House of Árpád,11th-century Bohemian people

paragraph: Adelaide of Hungary

paragraph: Adelaide of Hungary ( – 27 January 1062) was the only daughter of King Andrew I of Hungary of the Árpád dynasty and Anastasia of Kiev. She was the second wife of Vratislav II of Bohemia, whom she married in 1058. She was a good dynastic match for Vratislav, as he profited from the alliance with her father. They had four children, including Bretislaus II of Bohemia and Judith of Bohemia. Vratislav became duke in 1061 after death of his brother, thus Adelaide was duchess for only a short time before her death early in 1062.

paragraph: Her husband remarried shortly after her death to Świętosława of Poland and was later crowned as the first King of Bohemia in 1085.

description: Duchess consort of Bohemia

wikidata_label: Adelaide of Hungary

wikipedia_title: Adelaide of Hungary


text:
Sîn
Sîn
Sumer
Akkad
Ur III
Amar-Sin
short chronology
Amorite
Euphrates
Tigris
Ibbi-Sin
oldest love poem ever found
A Love Song of Shu-Sin
History of Sumer
Sumerian king list
Shu-Sin year names at cdli

paragraph: Shu-Sin

paragraph: Shu-sin (: "ŠuSîn", after the Moon God Sîn", the "" being a silent honorific for "Divine") was king of Sumer and Akkad, and was the penultimate king of the Ur III dynasty. He succeeded his brother Amar-Sin, and reigned c. 1972-1964 BC (short chronology).

paragraph: Following an open revolt of his Amorite subjects, he directed the construction of a fortified wall between the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers in his fourth year, intending it to hold off any further Amorite attacks. He was succeeded by his son Ibbi-Sin.

paragraph: The oldest love poem ever found is addressed to Shu-Sin by a female speaker. It includes erotic language, and the speaker expresses her strong desires and longings for the king.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Love Song of Shu-Sin (B)

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Sumer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sumerian king list

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicole Brisch, The Priestess and the King: The Divine Kingship of Šū-Sîn of Ur, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 161-176, (Apr. - Jun., 2006)

paragraph: Section::::External Links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shu-Sin year names at cdli

description: Sumerian king

enwikiquote_title: Shu-Sin

wikidata_label: Shu-Sin

wikipedia_title: Shu-Sin


href: Sumer Akkadian%20Empire Gutian%20people Third%20Dynasty%20of%20Ur Ur-Nammu Uruk Tirigan Tirigan Ur Ur-Nammu Uruk Ur-Nammu Shulgi Ur Amar-Sin

text:
Sumer
Akkadian
Gutian
Third Dynasty of Ur
Ur-Nammu
Uruk
Tirigan
Tirigan
Ur
Ur-Nammu
Uruk
Ur-Nammu
Shulgi
Ur
Amar-Sin

paragraph: Utu-hengal

paragraph: Utu-hengal (also written Utu-heg̃al, Utu-heĝal, and sometimes transcribed as Utu-hegal, Utu-hejal, Utu-Khengal) was one of the first native kings of Sumer after centuries of Akkadian and Gutian rule, and was at the origin of the foundation of the Third Dynasty of Ur by his son-in-law Ur-Nammu.

paragraph: Section::::Life and reign.

paragraph: There are several theories regarding his background. The most common is that he was a governor of Uruk who revolted against the Gutian kings in c. 2050 BC. He led the cities of Sumer against the last Gutian king Tirigan. After a battle at an unknown location, Utu-Hengal was victorious and forced Tirigan to flee back towards Gutium. He stopped at the city of Dubrum (location unknown) and the people there treated him kindly. However, once the people of Dubrum heard that Utu-Hengal was marching towards the city they took Tirigan and his family prisoner. He was brought before Utu-Hengal, and agreed to leave Sumer and retreat back to Gutium. After defeating the Gutians, Utu-hengal established himself as the king of Sumer. In the seventh year of the kingship he tragically died in an accident when inspecting a dam, and was succeeded by his son-in-law, the governor of Ur, Ur-Nammu, as the king of Sumer. He was thus the only king of the fifth dynasty of Uruk. In fact Sumerian people have always treated Utu-hengal's kingship and the Ur III dynasty together as a single continuous dynasty, with Utu-hengal as the founder. Utu-hengal has been praised as one of the greatest historical figures and heros of Sumerian people.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Utu-hengal had a daughter who married Ur-Nammu and gave birth to his successor, Shulgi, and was therefore related by marriage to the third dynasty of Ur. He was an ancestor of Amar-Sin.

wikidata_label: Utu-hengal

wikipedia_title: Utu-hengal


text:
Hizen Province
Ingen
bamboo
matcha
China
Song dynasty
Zen
Ming dynasty
chanoyu
Uji
sencha
steamed
Edo
sencha tea ceremony
Kimura Kenkadō

categories: 1763 deaths,Japanese tea masters,Obaku Buddhists,1675 births

paragraph: Baisao

paragraph: Section::::Names.

paragraph: Baisao went by many names during his lifetime, as was common at the time. As a child, he was known as Shibayama Kikusen. When he became a monk, his Zen priest name was Gekkai Gensho. Baisao, the nickname by which he is popularly known, means "old tea seller." He acquired this name from his act of making tea in the Kyoto area. Later in his life, he denounced his priesthood and adopted the lay name of Ko Yugai.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Baisao was born in the town of Hasuike in what was then Hizen Province. His father died when he was nine years old. Baisao became a Zen Buddhist monk at Ryushinji, an Ōbaku temple. His teacher, Kerin Doryo, had received instruction directly from Ingen, the founder of the Ōbaku school. Starting in 1696, Baisao travelled extensively for several years to study at various temples in Japan. Baisao then returned to his temple and served as its steward until 1723, when Daicho Genko became its abbot. His mother also died in that year. In 1724, when Baisao was 49 years old, he left the monastery and went to Kyoto, where he would live for the remainder of his life. With letters of introduction from Daicho, Baisao quickly gained the friendship of many leading artists, monks, and literati in Kyoto.

paragraph: Section::::Tea.

paragraph: Around 1735, Baisao began selling tea in the various scenic locations in Kyoto. At this time, he had not yet formally given up his priesthood. Baisao never sold his tea for a fixed price. Instead, he carried a bamboo tube with which he collected donations. He lived an ascetic life, despite his lasting friendships with illustrious individuals, and used the meagre donations from his tea peddling to keep himself nourished. As for his tea equipment, he carried it all in a woven bamboo basket he called Senka ("den of the sages") that he lugged around on a stick over his shoulder.

paragraph: Baisao's method of preparing tea was referred to as "sencha," or "simmered tea". In this method, whole tea leaves would be tossed into a pot of boiling water and simmered for a short period of time. This style of tea differed from matcha, the most common tea in Japan at the time, which consists of tea leaves ground into a fine powder. The method of brewing tea by grinding it into a powder and whisking it with hot water was popular in China in the Song dynasty, during which Zen Buddhist monks first brought the practice to Japan. By contrast, the Ōbaku school of Zen specialized in brewing loose leaf green tea, a style that had gradually become popular in China during the Ming dynasty. Sencha partisans of the time opposed the rigid, elaborate formalism of the traditional "chanoyu" tea ceremony, which uses matcha. The comparative simplicity of adding tea leaves to water appealed to many Japanese monks and intellectuals (among them Baisao and much of his social circle) who admired the carefree attitude advocated by the ancient Chinese sages. Baisao himself saw tea as a path to spiritual enlightenment, a point he made repeatedly in his poetry.

paragraph: It is not known where Baisao originally obtained his tea leaves from, but by 1738, the sencha method of brewing tea had become popular enough that one of his acquaintances, a tea grower in Uji, developed new production methods to create a type of tea named after the brewing method. This "sencha" tea was made of whole, young leaves which were steamed and then dried. This technique differs from the typical Chinese method of producing loose leaf tea, which does not involve steaming. Baisao himself praised the tea highly, and the term "sencha" has come to refer primarily to the tea leaves produced by this method, not to the method of brewing them.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In 1745, at the age of seventy, Baisao renounced his monasticism, changing his name to Ko Yugai. He stopped selling tea in 1755. Conscious of his own fame and hoping to avoid the creation of a ritualized sencha tradition as stifling as the formal chanoyu ceremony that he so often denounced, Baisao burned many of his own tea utensils shortly before his death. He did this in open defiance of the chanoyu tradition of venerating the utensils used by celebrated tea masters.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Baisao's poetry and calligraphy are considered important in the Zen history of Japan, especially in Kyoto where Baisao was well known. His poetry was highly regarded by the artists of 18th century Kyoto, which was more "liberal" than the capital city of Edo (modern Tokyo). Over 100 of his poems have survived. Some of Baisao's writings were published in 1748 as "A Collection of Tea Documents from the Plum Mountain" ("Baisanshu chafu ryaku"). In this text, Baisao argued for the philosophical superiority of sencha over chanoyu, and wrote that priests who performed the chanoyu tea ceremony were as far from the example of the ancient sages as heaven from earth.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: After Baisao's death, despite the symbolic destruction of his tea utensils, a codified sencha tea ceremony based on his methods soon emerged. His friend Kimura Kenkadō published detailed descriptions and illustrations of his tea utensils. Kimura also had craftsmen make copies of some of the burned utensils. He and others promoted the veneration of Baisao and wrote detailed instructions for brewing loose leaf tea. The priest Daiten Kenjo, in his commentary for the Japanese edition of the Chinese text "Secrets of Steeped Tea", described two methods of brewing loose leaf tea. One, which he called "sencha", was the method used by Baisao. The other, which he called "hocha", is the method generally used today, in which hot water is poured over tea leaves in a vessel. Daiten also advocated the use of tea utensils similar to those Baisao personally used. Today, Baisao is considered one of the first sencha masters. After his death, sencha continued to rise in popularity, gradually replacing matcha as the most popular type of tea in Japan.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Waddell, Norman. (2010) "Baisao - The Old Tea Seller - Life and Zen Poetry in 18th Century Kyoto". Counterpoint Press.

description: Buddhist monk

wikidata_label: Baisao

wikipedia_title: Baisao


text: Roman Catholic

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Grand Falls

text: Marinette

text: Sheet Harbour

text: MacDonald

text: MacPherson

text: St. Francis Xavier University

text: Atlantic School of Theology

text: Chiclayo

text: vicar general

text: Archdiocese of Halifax

text: diocesan administrator

text: Apostolic Administrator

text: Diocese of Saint John

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: pallium

text: metropolitan bishop

text: Auxiliary Bishop

text: Robert Anthony Daniels

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of London

text: Isaiah

categories: 1943 births,Living people,Canadian people of Scottish descent,Canadian Roman Catholic archbishops,St. Francis Xavier University alumni

paragraph: Martin William Currie

paragraph: Martin William Currie (born December 11, 1943) is a Roman Catholic prelate. He is currently serving as the head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. John's, Newfoundland. Until March 1, 2011, when Pope Benedict XVI accepted his resignation as Bishop there, he was the Bishop of Grand Falls.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Archbishop Currie was born in Marinette, a small village near Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. His paternal family is of Scottish origin and has connections to the MacDonald and MacPherson clans.

paragraph: After studying at St. Francis Xavier University and at Holy Heart Seminary in Halifax (now part of Atlantic School of Theology), Currie was ordained priest in 1968. For the next 30 years, Martin Currie served the church in a variety of functions. From 1975 to 1980, he was a missionary and parish priest in Chiclayo, Peru. In 1992, he became vicar general of the Archdiocese of Halifax. In 1998, he was diocesan administrator of the Archdiocese.

paragraph: In 2001 Martin William Currie became a bishop: He was first appointed to the See of Grand Falls. From September 2006 to May 2007 he served concurrently as Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Saint John, New Brunswick. Pope Benedict XVI appointed him Archbishop of St. John's in October 2007. He was installed in his Archdiocese on November 30, 2007 and received the pallium of metropolitan bishops on June 29, 2008. In spite of his new and higher office, Archbishop Curie continued to exercise his functions as Bishop of Grand Falls until his retirement as Bishop there on Tuesday, March 1, 2011, when Auxiliary Bishop (assistant bishop) Robert Anthony Daniels of the Roman Catholic Diocese of London, Ontario, Canada, was selected by the Pope to take his place there.

paragraph: The motto in Archbishop Currie's Coat of Arms is "Dominus fortitudo sperantium" - "... those who hope in the Lord will have their strength renewed ...". (Isaiah 40:31).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Archbishop Currie at the website of the Archdiocese of St. John's

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the website of the Diocese of Grand Falls

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archbishop Currie at catholic-hierarchy.org

description: Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of St. John's

wikidata_label: Martin William Currie

wikipedia_title: Martin William Currie


text:
contemporary Christian music
Gotee Records
Not Afraid
TobyMac
Greenville College
Gotee Records
TobyMac
House of Heroes
God Save Us the Foolish Kings
Not Afraid
"R&R"
"R&R"
God Save Us the Foolish Kings
House of Heroes
Gotee Records

categories: American performers of Christian music,Greenville College people,21st-century American singers,21st-century American women singers,American female singers,Gotee Records artists,Performers of contemporary Christian music,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Stephanie Smith

paragraph: Stephanie Smith is an American contemporary Christian music singer/songwriter. She is signed to Gotee Records. Her first studio album, "Not Afraid", was released on May 27, 2008 digitally and in stores on December 23, 2008. She received national attention on the Winter Wonder Slam tour with TobyMac.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Stephanie Smith graduated from Greenville College in Illinois in 2006. It was at Greenville College that she first met Gotee Records manager TobyMac, while performing at the annual AgapeFest. Toby then signed her to the record label. She has written a book with Suzy Weibel titled "Crossroads: The Teenage Girl's Guide to Emotional Wounds", which was released on June 1, 2008. She is featured on the House of Heroes song "God Save Us the Foolish Kings" which was released in 2011. In November 2012, Smith married House of Heroes frontman, Tim Skipper. The two started creating their own music under the name Copperlily and released "Love Is a Legend" in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Not Afraid"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Stephanie Smith EP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "I Celebrate The Day EP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Singles

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Superstar", No. 3 New And Active at CHR radio

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Not Afraid", No. 19 on "R&R"'s Christian CHR chart, for the week of February 16, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Renew Me"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In My Eyes", No. 8 on "R&R"'s Christian Rock chart

paragraph: BULLET::::- "God Save Us the Foolish Kings" (featured by House of Heroes) (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Letting Go" (2012)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilation appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Superstar", "Gotee Ladies" (Gotee Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Not Afraid", "ConGRADulations! Class of 2009" (Interlinc)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "I Celebrate The Day" and "Jingle Bell Rock", "Tis The Season to Be Gotee" (Gotee)

description: American singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Stephanie Smith

wikipedia_title: Stephanie Smith


text: physical education

text: University of Michigan

text: East Orange, New Jersey

text: Detroit

text: Michigan

text: Northwestern High School

text: Title IX

text: Fielding H. Yost

text: Counselor-in-Training

text: National Music Camp

text: Interlochen Center for the Arts

text: Joe Maddy

text: Don Canham

text: Micki King

text: Bentley Historical Library

categories: People from East Orange, New Jersey,People from Ann Arbor, Michigan,2001 deaths,People from Detroit,University of Michigan faculty,University of Michigan alumni,1906 births

paragraph: Marie Hartwig

paragraph: Marie Dorothy Hartwig (August 1, 1906 – December 31, 2001), known by the nickname "Pete", was an American professor of physical education at the University of Michigan, the university's first associate director of athletics for women, and a lifelong advocate for education, women's sports, and intercollegiate athletics. She was the second woman inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Hartwig was born in East Orange, New Jersey, but moved with her family to Detroit, Michigan where she graduated from Northwestern High School in 1925. She enrolled at the University of Michigan and graduated in 1929 with a degree in literature. Her initial ambition was to become a "cultured" private secretary working in the highest cultural circles.

paragraph: Section::::Women's athletics at Michigan.

paragraph: When the Michigan League building opened at Michigan, Hartwig worked there as a secretary. Dr. Margaret Bell, the head of women's physical education, soffered Hartwig a job as a teaching fellow to work in intramurals and with the Women's Athletic Association (WAA). Hartwig earned her bachelor's degree in education in 1932 and a master's degree in physical education in 1938. Hartwig began her teaching career at Michigan in 1930. By the mid-1930s, she was in charge of the intramural/recreational sports program for women, and she had developed a national reputation as a leader in intramural recreation and an advocate for women's sports. Hartwig also served as the national secretary-treasurer of the Athletic Federation of College Women (AFCW) from 1939 to 1947, on the National Basketball Committee from 1944 to 1950 and on the Board of Governors of Residence Halls from 1959 to 1969.

paragraph: Hartwig assumed leadership of the Department of Physical Education for women's recreational programs upon Margaret Bell's retirement in 1957. During Hartwig's tenure, student interest in the WAA waned, and there was increased pressure from students and faculty to allow greater extramural competition.

paragraph: Hartwig was for many years an instructor and lecturer in physical education at Michigan's School of Education. In 1968, she was promoted to associate professor, and she became a full professor in 1969. She was acting director of physical education for women from 1968 to 1970, when the men's and women's departments were merged. When Michigan began giving women's sports equal treatment in 1973 or 1974 with the passage of Title IX, Hartwig became the first associate director of athletics for women, a position she held until she retired in 1976. Hartwig noted: "The first program there listed six sports – swimming, volleyball, tennis, field hockey, synchronized swimming and basketball. . . . We've had winning tennis and swim teams right along; won the Big Ten swim title in 1974." She was granted professor emeritus status in June 1977. Hartwig recalled former Michigan athletic director Fielding H. Yost advocating "athletics for all," and Hartwig helped make that phrase a reality at Michigan.

paragraph: Section::::Interlochen National Music Camp.

paragraph: Hartwig was also the director of the CIT (Counselor-in-Training) program at the National Music Camp at Interlochen Center for the Arts. She began working at Interlochen under director Joe Maddy, establishing the counselor training course. From 1944 to 1982, she trained more than 1,000 young men and women to "tend" to the elementary and junior high school boys and girls attending Interlochen. Hartwig noted of the counseling work: "It's demanding work, requires close attention, but it's fulfilling, adds to a person's lifetime sense of responsibility – which sense is shown by their being in the course." She was also the co-author of the "Camp Counselor Training Workbook", the "Children ARE Human" series, and "Camping Leadership".

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: Hartwig received numerous awards and honors for her contributions to the University of Michigan and women's athletics, including the following:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Each year, the University of Michigan presents the Marie Hartwig Award to the outstanding junior woman varsity athlete.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The alumni association also established a Marie Hartwig endowed professorship. The Marie Hartwig Collegiate Professorship was established to benefit a faculty position within Physical Education and is the second endowed professorship within Kinesiology.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1984, athletic director Don Canham renamed one of the buildings in the athletic campus the Marie D. Hartwig Building in her honor. The building today houses the Wolverine athletic ticket department, media relations office, marketing and promotions, and information technology.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1989, she was the second woman inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor. (Micki King was the first woman inducted.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1989, Hartwig also received the Distinguished Alumni Service Award, which is presented annually, and recognizes alumni who have distinguished themselves "by reason of services performed on behalf of the University of Michigan, or in connection with its organized alumni activities." The Distinguished Alumni Service Award is the highest honor the Alumni Association can bestow upon an alumna/us on behalf of the University.

paragraph: BULLET::::- She received the Applause Award, presented to an outstanding faculty or staff member at the Interlochen National Music Camp in recognition of exceptional service and concern for Interlochen during their employment.

paragraph: Section::::The Marie D. Hartwig Papers.

paragraph: The Marie D. Hartwig Papers are kept at the University of Michigan's Bentley Historical Library. The papers cover Hartwig's work as an instructor and professor of physical education and as the first director of women's athletics at Michigan. The papers also document the history of physical education and recreational sports for women and the development of women's varsity athletics at the university as well as Hartwig's involvement in various professional associations and her work with recreation programs at Interlochen.

description: American academic

wikidata_label: Marie Hartwig

wikipedia_title: Marie Hartwig


text: biologist

text: Augsburg

text: biology

text: philosophy

text: psychology

text: Jena

text: Ernst Haeckel

text: Munich

text: Richard Hertwig

text: University of Jena

text: Ludwig Plate

text: zoology

text: Leningrad

text: Soviet Academy of Sciences

text: Moscow

text: developmental biology

text: limb regeneration

text: parabiosis

text: axolotl

text: Marxist

text: Marxist philosophy

categories: German biologists,1943 deaths,People from Augsburg,German zoologists,1887 births

paragraph: Julius Schaxel

paragraph: Julius Christoph Ehregott Schaxel (March 24, 1887 – July 15, 1943) was a German biologist who was a native of Augsburg.

paragraph: He initially studied biology, philosophy and psychology at Jena under Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), then continued his education in Munich with Richard Hertwig 1850-1937). In 1909 he obtained his PhD. at the University of Jena under Ludwig Plate (1862-1937), where from 1918 until 1933, he worked as an associate professor of zoology. During the rise of National Socialism, partly because of his Marxist views and partly owing to this Jewish heritage , he was dismissed from his position at Jena, and in 1933 emigrated to Switzerland, then relocating to Leningrad in the USSR, where he received a position at the Severtsov Evolution and Morphology Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1934 he moved with the institute to Moscow.

paragraph: Schaxel specialized in the fields of developmental biology and theoretical biology. He is remembered for his research involving limb regeneration and parabiosis of the Mexican axolotl ("Ambystoma mexicanum"). He practiced biology from a Marxist philosophic standpoint, and was co-founder and editor of the journal "Urania" (1924 to 1933). In its time, it was a popular magazine known for scientific articles within the framework of Marxist philosophy.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julius Schaxel and the end of the Evo–Devo agenda in Jena

paragraph: BULLET::::- Axolotl News, Issue number 29- Fall, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parts of this article are based on a translation of an article from the German Wikipedia."

description: German biologist

wikidata_label: Julius Schaxel

wikipedia_title: Julius Schaxel


text:
Parisian
socialite
Prime Minister of France
Joseph Caillaux
Gaston Calmette
Le Figaro
Rueil-Malmaison
Joseph Caillaux
Minister of Finance
Le Figaro
Gaston Calmette
progressive taxation
French Senate
intimate relationship
duel
muff
Paul Bourget
.32
deposition
Fernand Labori
crime of passion
École du Louvre
Jules Dalou
Fox Film
Richard Stanton
Madlaine Traverse
French television
Trial of Madame Caillaux
Robert Delaunay

categories: French assassins,1943 deaths,1874 births,Feminism and history,People acquitted of murder

paragraph: Henriette Caillaux

paragraph: Henriette Caillaux (5 December 1874 – 29 January 1943) was a Parisian socialite and second wife of the former Prime Minister of France, Joseph Caillaux. On March 16, 1914, she shot and killed Gaston Calmette, editor of the newspaper "Le Figaro".

paragraph: Section::::Early life and marriages.

paragraph: Henriette Caillaux was born Henriette Raynouard, at Rueil-Malmaison on 5 December 1874. At the age of 19, she married Léo Claretie, a writer twelve years her senior. They had two children. In 1907 she began having an affair with Joseph Caillaux while both he and she were still married. In 1908, she divorced Claretie; Caillaux had more difficulties in divorcing his wife, but he eventually did so and they married in October 1911. Their joint assets were worth around 1.5 million francs, placing them among France's wealthiest couples.

paragraph: Section::::Shooting of Gaston Calmette.

paragraph: Section::::Shooting of Gaston Calmette.:Background.

paragraph: While serving as Minister of Finance in the government of France, Caillaux came under bitter attack from his political foes. The editor of the "Le Figaro" newspaper, Gaston Calmette, had been a severe critic. Calmette received a letter belonging to Caillaux that journalistic etiquette at the time dictated should not be published. The letter seemed to suggest that improprieties had been committed by Caillaux. In this letter he appeared to admit having orchestrated the rejection of a tax bill while publicly pretending to support its passage. Calmette published the letter at a time when Caillaux, in his capacity as Minister of Finance, was trying to get a progressive taxation law passed by the French Senate. The publication of his letter severely tarnished Caillaux's reputation and caused a great political upheaval.

paragraph: Section::::Shooting of Gaston Calmette.:The shooting.

paragraph: Henriette Caillaux believed that Calmette would publish other private letters that would demonstrate that Caillaux and she had had an intimate relationship while he was still married to his first wife. She felt the only way for her husband to defend his reputation would be to challenge Calmette to a duel, which, one way or another, would destroy her and her husband's life. Madame Caillaux made the decision to protect her beloved husband by sacrificing herself.

paragraph: At 5pm on 16 March 1914, she entered offices of "Le Figaro", wearing a fur coat and with her hands in a fur muff, and asked to see Gaston Calmette. When told he was away but would return within an hour, she sat to wait. Calmette returned at 6pm with his friend, the novelist Paul Bourget and agreed to briefly see Madame Caillaux, to Bourget's surprise.

paragraph: After being shown into Calmette's office, Henriette Caillaux exchanged a few words with him, then pulled out a .32 Browning automatic pistol she had been concealing within the muff and fired six shots, Calmette was hit four times and was critically wounded. Henriette Caillaux made no attempt to escape and newspaper workers in adjoining offices quickly summoned a doctor and the police. She refused to be transported to the police headquarters in a police van, insisting on being driven there by her chauffeur in her own car, which was still parked outside. The police agreed to this and she was formally charged upon reaching the headquarters. Gaston Calmette died six hours after being shot.

paragraph: Section::::Shooting of Gaston Calmette.:Trial.

paragraph: Henriette Caillaux's trial dominated French public life. It featured a deposition from the president of the Republic, an unheard-of occurrence at a criminal proceeding almost anywhere, along with the fact that many of the participants were among the most powerful members of French society. She was defended by the prominent attorney Fernand Labori who convinced the jury that her crime, which she did not deny, was not a premeditated act but that her uncontrollable female emotions resulted in a crime of passion. The belief that women were not as strong emotionally as men resulted in her acquittal on 28 July 1914.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In the early 1930s she was awarded a diploma of the École du Louvre for her thesis on the sculptor Jules Dalou. She published a reference book in 1935 in which she established an inventory of the work of this artist. She died in 1943.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In 1918, an American silent film, "The Caillaux Case", was released by Fox Film. Directed by Richard Stanton, it featured Madlaine Traverse as Henriette Caillaux and Eugene Ormonde as Gaston Calmette. The film portrays both Henriette Caillaux and her husband as pro-German conspirators and traitors to France. Before and during World War I, Joseph Caillaux had indeed been an advocate of peaceful compromise with Germany, and at the end of 1917 while the war was still going on, he was charged and convicted of treason. The film was not a financial success.

paragraph: In 1968 a German television film "Madame Caillaux" was made.

paragraph: A 1985 made for French television film called "L'Affaire Caillaux" and a 1992 book titled "Trial of Madame Caillaux" by American history professor Edward Berenson recount the event. In addition, Robert Delaunay used an illustration of the assassination as the basis for his 1914 painting "Political Drama".

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kershaw, Alister. "Murder in France". (London: Constable, 1955), 90-117.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shankland, Peter. "Death of an Editor: The Caillaux Drama". (London: William Kimber, 1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Berenson, Edward. "The Trial of Madame Caillaux" (Univ of California Press: Oxford, 1992).

wikidata_label: Henriette Caillaux

wikipedia_title: Henriette Caillaux


text:
Old Norse
Norway
Civil war era in Norway
Etne
Hordaland
Erling Skakke
Rögnvald Kali Kolsson
Earl of Orkney
Sigurd Jorsalfare
earl
Olav Ugjæva
Oppland
Denmark
Øystein Magnusson
Sørum
Oslofjord
Våler
Sverre Sigurdsson
Trøndelag
Battle of Kalvskinnet
Nidaros
Battle of Fimreite
civil war era in Norway
Sigurd Magnusson
Inge Magnusson
Erling Magnusson Steinvegg
Sigurd I of Norway
Skule Baardsson
Bagler
Birkebeiner

categories: Medieval child rulers,Norwegian monarchs,12th-century Norwegian people,1156 births,1184 deaths,People from Etne,Norwegian military personnel killed in the Norwegian civil wars,Norwegian civil wars,Monarchs killed in action

paragraph: Magnus V of Norway

paragraph: Magnus V Erlingsson (Old Norse: "Magnús Erlingsson") (1156–1184) was a King of Norway during the Civil war era in Norway.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Magnus Erlingsson was probably born in Etne in Hordaland. He was the son of Erling Skakke. His father was a Norwegian nobleman who earned his reputation crusading with Rögnvald Kali Kolsson, the Earl of Orkney. His mother was Kristin Sigurdsdatter, daughter of king Sigurd Jorsalfare who was king of Norway from 1103 to 1130. Magnus Erlingsson was named king in 1161 at the age of five. He was the first Norwegian king to be crowned. His father Erling took the title of earl and held the real power since Magnus was a minor. Erling Skakke continued to be the country’s real ruler even after Magnus had come of age.

paragraph: In 1166, Sigurd Agnhatt and his foster son Olav Ugjæva raised a force in Oppland, and had Olav proclaimed king, while earl Erling Skakke was away in Denmark. Olav was the son of Maria Øysteinsdotter, the daughter of former king Øystein Magnusson. After Erling returned to Norway to fight this uprising, Olav and his men attacked Erling in an ambush at Rydjokul in Sørum. Erling was wounded and barely escaped. In 1168 Olav and his men ventured south to the Oslofjord area, but were there defeated in battle at Stanger in Våler. Sigurd was killed in the battle, but Olav escaped and went to Denmark.

paragraph: Magnus' reign saw the arrival in Norway of Sverre Sigurdsson, who claimed the throne for himself. In June 1177, Sverre first led his men to Trøndelag where Sverre was proclaimed as king. Erling's position was compromised and he fell at the Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros in 1179. Several more years of warfare ended with Magnus' defeat and death in the Battle of Fimreite on June 15, 1184. Sverre attacked Magnus' fleet sending his ships into battle in squadrons, to charge and overwhelm on one ship at a time, forcing the Magnus' men to jump over to the next. As the battle proceeded, the remaining ships became extremely crammed, and then started to go down because of the weight. King Magnus is reported to have gone down on one of the last of them.

paragraph: Section::::Historic context.

paragraph: The civil war era in Norway would not end with the victory of Sverre over Magnus. After the death of Magnus, Sigurd Magnusson, Inge Magnusson and Erling Magnusson Steinvegg came forth all stating to be sons of Magnus and claiming the Norwegian throne. The civil war era in Norway extended over a 110-year period. It started with the death of King Sigurd I of Norway in 1130 and ended with the death of Duke Skule Baardsson in 1240.

paragraph: During this period there were several interlocked conflicts of varying scale and intensity. The background for these conflicts was the unclear Norwegian succession laws, social conditions and the struggle between Church and King. There were then two main parties, firstly known by varying names or no names at all, but finally condensed into parties of Bagler and Birkebeiner. The rallying point regularly was a royal son, who was set up as the head figure of the party in question, to oppose the rule of king from the contesting party.

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Snorre Sturlason, "The Heimskringla: A History of the Norse Kings, vol. 3" (London: Norroena Society, 1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Finlay, Alison editor and translator "Fagrskinna, a Catalogue of the Kings of Norway" (Brill Academic. 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gjerset, Knut "History of the Norwegian People" (The MacMillan Company, Volume I. 1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heggland, Johannes "Den unge kongen" (Eide Forlag, 1999) Norwegian

description: King of Norway

wikidata_label: Magnus V of Norway

wikipedia_title: Magnus V of Norway


text: German

text: actor

text: Horodenka

text: Austrian

text: Galicia

text: Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast

text: Ukraine

text: Jewish

text: Volksbühne

text: Berlin

text: Nosferatu

text: German

text: Kameradschaft

text: Soviet Union

text: Hitler

text: Hollywood

text: Ernst Lubitsch

text: Ninotchka

text: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

text: Julius Streicher

text: The Hitler Gang

text: Hangmen Also Die!

text: MGM

text: The Seventh Cross

text: pulmonary embolism

text: appendectomy

text: Springfield Gardens, Queens

text: Gad Granach

text: Camera Obscura

text: The Big Big Boss

text: Nosferatu

text: Lucrezia Borgia

text: Mignon

text: Earth Spirit

text: Paganini

text: Man by the Wayside

text: A Woman, an Animal, a Diamond

text: I.N.R.I.

text: Wood Love

text: Torments of the Night

text: Svengali

text: The Famous Woman

text: I Once Had a Beautiful Homeland

text: The Adjutant of the Czar

text: The Last Fort

text: Großstadtschmetterling

text: The Last Company

text: Danton

text: The Theft of the Mona Lisa

text: Kameradschaft

text: Ninotchka

text: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

text: Foreign Correspondent

text: So Ends Our Night

text: A Man Betrayed

text: It Started with Eve

text: Marry the Boss's Daughter

text: Joan of Paris

text: Joan of Ozark

text: Halfway to Shanghai

text: Northwest Rangers

text: Wrecking Crew

text: Hangmen Also Die!

text: Mission to Moscow

text: For Whom the Bell Tolls

text: Three Russian Girls

text: Voice in the Wind

text: The Hitler Gang

text: The Seventh Cross

text: My Buddy

text: Transaction Publishers

text: Gad Granach

text: Gad Granach

categories: 1890 births,Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni,Jewish German male actors,Ukrainian Jews,German male silent film actors,People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria,1945 deaths,People from Horodenka Raion,German male film actors,Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States,20th-century German male actors

paragraph: Alexander Granach

paragraph: Alexander Granach (April 18, 1890 – March 14, 1945) was a popular German actor in the 1920s and 1930s who immigrated to the United States in 1938.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Granach was born Jessaja Gronach in "Werbowitz" (Wierzbowce/Werbiwci) (Horodenka district, Austrian Galicia then, now "Verbivtsi", Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine), to Jewish parents and rose to theatrical prominence at the Volksbühne in Berlin. Granach entered films in 1922; among the most widely exhibited of his silent efforts was the vampire classic "Nosferatu" (1922), in which the actor was cast as Knock, the lunatic counterpart to Renfield, effectively a substitute name for Dracula. He co-starred in such major early German talkies as "Kameradschaft" (1931).

paragraph: The Jewish Granach fled to the Soviet Union when Hitler came to power. When the Soviet Union also proved inhospitable, he settled in Hollywood, where he made his first American film appearance as Kopalski in Ernst Lubitsch's "Ninotchka" (1939) for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Granach proved indispensable to film makers during the war years, effectively portraying both dedicated Nazis (he was Julius Streicher in "The Hitler Gang", 1944) and loyal anti-fascists. Perhaps his best role was as Gestapo Inspector Alois Gruber in Fritz Lang's "Hangmen Also Die!" (1943). His last film appearance was in MGM's "The Seventh Cross" (1944), in which almost the entire supporting cast was prominent European refugees.

paragraph: Granach died on March 14, 1945, in New York from a pulmonary embolism following an appendectomy. He was buried in Montefiore Cemetery in Springfield Gardens, Queens. Alexander Granach's autobiography, "There Goes an Actor" (1945) was republished in 2010 under the new title, "From the Shtetl to the Stage: The Odyssey of a Wandering Actor" (Transaction Publishers). His son, Gad Granach, lived in Jerusalem and wrote his own memoirs with many references to his father.

paragraph: Section::::Partial filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das goldene Buch" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Liebe vom Zigeuner stammt..." (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Camera Obscura" (1921) – Der große Chef

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Big Big Boss" (1921) – Der große Chef

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nosferatu" (1922) – Knock – ein Häusermakler

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lucrezia Borgia" (1922) – ein Gefangener

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mignon" (1922) – Il Gobbo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Earth Spirit" (1923) – Schigolch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fridericus Rex – 4. Teil: Schicksalswende"' (1923) – General von Zieten

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fridericus Rex – 3. Teil: Sanssouci" (1923) – Hans Joachim von Ziethen

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paganini" (1923) – Ferucchio

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Man by the Wayside" (1923) – Shoemaker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Schatten – Eine nächtliche Halluzination" (1923) – Shadowplayer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Woman, an Animal, a Diamond" (1923) – Archivar Lindhorst

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I.N.R.I." (1923) – Judas Ischariot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Radio Heirat" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wood Love" (1925) – Waldschrat – a sprite

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Torments of the Night" (1926) – Murphy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hoppla, wir leben!" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Svengali" (1927) – Geiger Gecko

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Famous Woman" (1927) – Diener bei Alfredo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Once Had a Beautiful Homeland" (1928) – Pollaczek, sein Bursche

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adjutant of the Czar" (1929) – Stranger

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Fort" (1929) – Gestino

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Großstadtschmetterling" (1929) – Coco

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flucht in die Fremdenlegion" (1929) – Beppo, Legionär

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Company" (1930) – Haberling

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1914" (1931) – Friend of Jaurès

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Danton" (1931) – Marat

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Theft of the Mona Lisa" (1931) – Redner

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kameradschaft" (1931) – Kasper

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gypsies" (1936) – Danilo – Camp Driver

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bortsy" (1936) – Rovelli

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ninotchka" (1939) – Comrade Kopalski

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1939) – Soldier (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Foreign Correspondent" (1940) – Hotel Valet (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "So Ends Our Night" (1941) – The Pole

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Man Betrayed" (1941) – T. Amato

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It Started with Eve" (1941) – Popalard – Apartment Tenant (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marry the Boss's Daughter" (1941) – Nick (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joan of Paris" (1942) – Gestapo Agent

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joan of Ozark" (1942) – Guido

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Halfway to Shanghai" (1942) – Mr. Nikolas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Northwest Rangers" (1942) – Pierre – Man in Casino (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wrecking Crew" (1942) – Joe Poska

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hangmen Also Die!" (1943) – Gestapo Insp. Alois Gruber

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mission to Moscow" (1943) – Russian Air Force Officer (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (1943) – Paco

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Russian Girls" (1943) – Major Braginski

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Voice in the Wind" (1944) – Angelo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hitler Gang" (1944) – Julius Streicher

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Seventh Cross" (1944) – Zillich

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Buddy" (1944) – Tim Oberta (final film role)

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Granach: "There Goes an Actor", Doubleday, Dorian and Co, Inc., Garden City 1945, ASIN B0007DSBEM

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Granach: "Da geht ein Mensch", Ölbaum-Verlag, Augsburg 2003, (Neuauflage)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Granach: "From the Shtetl to the Stage: The Odyssey of a Wandering Actor". Transaction Publishers, 2010,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Klein and Raya Kruk: "Alexander Granach: fast verwehte Spuren", , Berlin 1994,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Granach: "Mémoires d'un gardien de bordel", Anatolia, Paris 2009,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gad Granach: "Heimat los!", Ölbaum-Verlag, Augsburg 1997,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gad Granach: "Where Is Home? Stories from the Life of a German-Jewish Émigré", Atara Press, Los Angeles 2009,

description: actor

wikidata_label: Alexander Granach

wikipedia_title: Alexander Granach


text:
Serbia
Aromanian
Zaječar
National Theatre in Belgrade
Boško Buha
Atelje 212
Arsenic and Old Lace
King Ubu
The Seagull
monodrama
Kičma
Who's That Singing Over There
Davitelj protiv davitelja
Bolji život

categories: University of Belgrade Faculty of Dramatic Arts alumni,Serbian male television actors,People from Kruševac,1934 births,1993 deaths,Serbian male film actors,Serbian male stage actors,Serbian people of Aromanian descent

paragraph: Taško Načić

paragraph: Taško Načić (; 7 April 1934 – 27 March 1993) was a popular Serbian actor.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Načić's paternal family was of Aromanian descent from Zaječar. He studied acting at The Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade, where he graduated in 1956.

paragraph: Section::::Theatre.

paragraph: In 1954 he became a member of National Theatre in Belgrade, where he acted in plays "Stanoje Glavaš" and "Gospođa Ministarka". Soon after that he went to theater Boško Buha and then to the newly founded Atelje 212 where he remained until his death. He acted in numerous plays such as: "Arsenik i stare čipke" (Arsenic and Old Lace), "Kartoteka", "Kralj Ibi" (King Ubu), "Viktor ili Deca na vlasti" (Victor, or Power to the Children), "Kafanica, sudnica, ludnica", "Kape dole" (Caps Down), "Galeb" (The Seagull), "Mark i šuma gusta", "Rado ide Srbin u vojnike" (Gladly the Serb joins the Army), "Maratonci trče počasni krug", "Purpurno ostrvo", "Radovan III", "Čudo u Šarganu", "Ne pucaj, bre" (monodrama), "Ožalošćena porodica", "Mat'rijalisti", "Propast carstva srpskoga", "Veliko i malo", "Čaplja", "Karijera", "Pariska komuna", "Svećar". He acted in 62 theater plays.

paragraph: Section::::Films.

paragraph: In movies, he first appeared in Vojislav Nanović's movie "Bolje je Umeti" in 1960, and after that in "Bokseri idu u raj", "Bubašinter", "Majstor i Margarita", "Kičma", "Ko to tamo peva" (Who's That Singing Over There), "Halo, taksi!", "Davitelj protiv davitelja", "Maturanti", "Sulude godine", "Tajna manastirske rakije", "Tesna koža 4" and "Juriš na skupštinu". He acted in 26 movies. He also played in numerous TV series and TV movies, such as "Diplomci" and "Bolji život".

description: Serbian actor

wikidata_label: Taško Načić

wikipedia_title: Taško Načić


text: Italian

text: Savoy

text: Geneva

text: Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy

text: Mary of Burgundy

text: Prince of Piedmont

text: Chambéry

text: Anne of Cyprus

text: Kingdom of Cyprus

text: Kingdom of Jerusalem

text: Allaman Castle

text: Duchy of Milan

text: Repubblica Ambrosiana

text: Shroud of Turin

text: Margaret de Charny

text: House of Savoy

text: Kingdom of Italy

text: Holy See

text: Lyon

text: France

text: Amadeus IX

text: Thonon

text: Louis

text: Ripaille

text: Morges

text: Philip II

text: Torino

text: Marguerite

text: Pinerolo

text: Brugge

text: Giovanni IV Paleologo

text: Marquis of Montferrat

text: Pierre II de Luxembourg

text: Torino

text: Genève

text: Annecy

text: Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol

text: Charlotte

text: Chambéry

text: Amboise

text: Louis XI of France

text: Paris

text: Louis I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville

text: Maria

text: Constable of France

text: Bona

text: Avigliana

text: Fossano

text: Galeazzo Maria Sforza

text: Duke of Milan

text: Giacomo

text: Ham in Picardy

text: Archbishop of Auch

text: Bishop of Geneva

categories: 1413 births,1465 deaths,Dukes of Savoy,People from Geneva,Counts of Geneva

paragraph: Louis, Duke of Savoy

paragraph: Louis I (Ludovico I or Lodovico I in Italian; 24 February 1413 – 29 January 1465) was Duke of Savoy from 1440 until his death in 1465.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born at Geneva the son of Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy and Mary of Burgundy; he was the first to hold the title of Prince of Piedmont. On 1 November 1433 (or 12 February 1434), at Chambéry, he married Princess Anne of Cyprus, an heiress of the Kingdom of Cyprus and the defunct Kingdom of Jerusalem. The family lived in Allaman Castle, Vaud/Switzerland and as Count de Vaud, Savoy tried to conquer the Duchy of Milan, then under the "Repubblica Ambrosiana", but failed.

paragraph: In 1452 he received the Shroud of Turin from Margaret de Charny. It was held by the House of Savoy until 1946, at the end of the Kingdom of Italy and bequeathed to the Holy See in 1983.

paragraph: Louis died at Lyon in 1465, while returning from France.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Amadeus IX (Thonon, 1 February 1435 - 30 March 1472), Duke of Savoy.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Louis (Thonon, 5 June 1436 - Ripaille, 12 July 1482), Count of Geneva, King of Cyprus.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Marie (Morges, March 1437 - Thonon, 1 December 1437).

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Jean (1437? - 1440).

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Philip II (Thonon, 5 February 1438 - Torino, 7 November 1497), Duke of Savoy.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Marguerite (Pinerolo, April 1439 - Brugge, 9 March 1485), married firstly in December 1458 Giovanni IV Paleologo, Marquis of Montferrat and secondly Pierre II de Luxembourg, Count of St. Pol, of Brienne, de Ligny, Marle, and Soissons.

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Pierre (Genève, ca. 2 February 1440 - Torino, 21 October 1458), Archbishop of Tarentasia.

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Janus (Genève, 8 November 1440 - Annecy, 22 December 1491), Count of Faucigny and Geneva, married Helene of Luxembourg, daughter of Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, and his first wife Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons.

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Charlotte (Chambéry, 16 November 1441 - Amboise, 1 December 1483), married King Louis XI of France.

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Aimon (Genève, 2 November 1442 – Genève, 30 March 1443).

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Jacques (Genève, 29 November 1444 - Genève 1 June 1445).

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Agnes (Chambéry, October 1445 - Paris, 16 March 1509), married François d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville. Their son is Louis I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville.

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Jean Louis (Genève, 26 February 1447 - Torino, 4 July 1482), Bishop of Genève.

paragraph: BULLET::::14. Maria (Pinerolo, 20 March 1448 - 13 September 1475), married Louis of Luxembourg, Count of St. Pol, of Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano, Constable of France.

paragraph: BULLET::::15. Bona (Avigliana, 12 August 1449 – Fossano, 17 November 1503), married Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan.

paragraph: BULLET::::16. Giacomo (Genève, 12 November 1450 - Ham in Picardy, 30 January 1486), Count of Romont, Lord of Vaud.

paragraph: BULLET::::17. Anne (Genève, September 1452 - Genève, 1 October 1452).

paragraph: BULLET::::18. François (Annecy, 19 August 1454, - Torino 6 October 1490), Archbishop of Auch and Bishop of Geneva.

paragraph: BULLET::::19. Jeanne (Died without alliance, 1455?).

description: Duke of Savoy

wikidata_label: Louis, Duke of Savoy

wikipedia_title: Louis, Duke of Savoy


text: Israel

text: captain

text: Pekahiah

text: Azariah

text: Jotham

text: Ahaz

text: William F. Albright

text: E. R. Thiele

text: Menahem

text: Hoshea

text: Rezin

text: Aram

text: Ahaz

text: king of Judah

text: Tiglath-Pileser III

text: Assyria

text: Gilead

text: Rezin

text: Aram

text: Jerusalem

text: Isaiah

text: Immanuel

text: Hezekiah

text: Damascus

text: Abel Beth Maacah

text: Janoah

text: Kedesh

text: Hazor

text: Gilead

text: Galilee

text: Naphtali

text: Hoshea

text: Israelite

text: Jotham of Judah

text: Ahaz

text: Azariah

text: Pekahiah

text: Menahem

text: Tiglath-Pileser III

text: Thiele

text: Francis Andersen

text: David Noel Freedman

text: Anchor Bible Series

text: Tiglath-Pileser III

text: Thutmose II

text: Thutmose III

text: Hatshepsut

text: Mysterious Numbers

text: Vetus Testamentum

categories: Biblical murder victims,Hebrew Bible people,Kings of ancient Israel,8th-century BC Kings of Israel,8th-century BC biblical rulers,8th-century BC murdered monarchs,730s BC deaths

paragraph: Pekah

paragraph: Pekah ( "Peqaḥ"; ) was king of Israel. He was a captain in the army of king Pekahiah of Israel, whom he killed to become king. Pekah was the son of Remaliah.

paragraph: Pekah became king in the fifty-second and last year of Azariah, king of Judah, and he reigned twenty years. In the second year of his reign Jotham became king of Judah, and reigned for sixteen years. Jotham was succeeded by his son, Ahaz in the seventeenth year of Pekah's reign. William F. Albright has dated his reign to 737 – 732 BC, while E. R. Thiele, following H. J. Cook and Carl Lederer, held that Pekah set up in Gilead a rival reign to Menahem's Samaria-based kingdom in Nisan of 752 BC, becoming sole ruler on his assassination of Menahem's son Pekahiah in 740/739 BC and dying in 732/731 BC. This explanation is consistent with evidence of the Assyrian chronicles, which agree with Menahem being king in 743 BC or 742 BC and Hoshea being king from 732 BC.

paragraph: When Pekah allied with Rezin, king of Aram to attack Ahaz, the king of Judah, Ahaz appealed to Tiglath-Pileser III, the king of Assyria, for help. This the Assyrian king obliged, but Judah became a tributary of Assyria.

paragraph: Section::::Summary of reign.

paragraph: With the aid of a band of Gileadites, from whose home territory he probably originally came, he slew Pekahiah and assumed the throne.

paragraph: In c. 732 BCE, Pekah allied with Rezin, king of Aram and threatened Jerusalem. The prime reason for such a league was probably to protect their respective countries from another incursion of Tiglath-pileser III., who had compelled Menahem, in 738 B.C., to pay a large tribute. The two kings united their armies and attempted to coerce Ahaz of Judah into joining them. Pekah raided Judah and carried to Samaria a number of captives; but, rebuked by the prophet Oded and by some of the prominent men, he released them and sent them back. The united forces of Israel and Syria appeared before the walls of Jerusalem to demand its surrender. At this juncture Isaiah the prophet came to the support of Judah and her king. The allies had proposed to set upon the throne of Judah a son of Tabeel, probably one favorable to the alliance. Ahaz, however, knowing that Tiglath-pileser was within call, appealed to him for help. Ahaz's "dread" of Rezin and Pekah, "Son of Remaliah" is recorded in the Immanuel prophecy in where the birth of a son (possibly Hezekiah) is a sign of the defeat of both kings by the King of Assyria before the child is old enough to eat curds and honey and distinguish right from wrong. After Ahaz paid tribute to Tiglath-Pileser, the Assyrians sacked Damascus and annexed Aram. According to , the population of Aram was deported and Rezin executed. According to , Tiglath-Pileser also attacked Israel and "took Ijon, Abel Beth Maacah, Janoah, Kedesh and Hazor. He took Gilead and Galilee, including all the land of Naphtali, and deported the people to Assyria." Tiglath-Pileser also records this act in one of his inscriptions.

paragraph: Soon after this Pekah was assassinated by Hoshea ben Elah (that is, Hoshea the son of Elah) - a captain from Pekah's own army - who then took the throne. Tiglath-Pileser in an inscription mentions the slaying of Hoshea by his fellow Israelites. The inference here is that the people, seeing the inevitable outcome of the contest with Assyria, put out of the way their fighting king, and then yielded submission to the conqueror, Tiglath-pileser III. He is supposed by some to have been the "shepherd" mentioned in .

paragraph: Section::::Chronology.

paragraph: Section::::Chronology.:Controversy.

paragraph: The data given for Pekah's reign in the biblical sources have generated considerable discussion. His ending date can be established fairly firmly as 732/731 BC.

paragraph: But two conflicting systems of reckoning seem to be used for his reign. One system gives him a long reign of twenty years (), which puts his starting date in 752 BC. This date is consistent with the statement that Jotham of Judah began to reign in Pekah's second year, 750 BC (), and that Jotham's successor Ahaz began to reign in his 17th year, 735 BC ().

paragraph: However, a shorter reign is indicated by , which says that Pekah began to reign in the 52nd year of Azariah (Uzziah) of Judah, i.e. in 740 BC. Also, Pekah assassinated Pekahiah to assume the throne (), and Pekahiah's two-year reign () was preceded by his father Menahem's ten-year reign (). Menahem gave tribute to Tiglath-Pileser III, as is recorded in (where Pul = Tiglath-Pileser) and also in Tiglath-Pileser's inscriptions. Since Tiglath-Pileser came to the throne in 745 BC, Menahem's tribute would have to be in 745 or later, yet the "longer" chronology gave Pekah, successor to Menahem and Pekahiah, a twenty-year reign that started before this, in 752. These apparent inconsistencies led many scholars to reject all or part of the biblical sources concerning Pekah. D. M. Beegle has maintained that it is impossible to reconcile a twenty-year reign for Pekah with other biblical or with Assyrian history, using this as one of his arguments that the doctrine of the inerrancy of all Scripture cannot be true.

paragraph: Section::::Chronology.:C. Lederer and H. J. Cook: a rival reign in Gilead.

paragraph: In 1887, Carl Lederer proposed that the existence of two apparently contradictory sets of text for Pekah could be explained if there really were two systems in use for reckoning the reign of Pekah, and these were the consequence of a rivalry between Pekah and Menahem. The rivalry began when Menahem slew Shallum, putting an end to Shallum's one-month reign (). This assumption accounted for all the chronological texts that related four kings of Judah (Uzziah through Hezekiah) to three kings of Israel (Menahem, Pekahiah, and Pekah), but it apparently was largely ignored by the scholarly community. Then in 1954, H. J. Cook added new considerations to support Lederer's thesis, beyond just the pragmatic. Cook maintained that although the Scriptures did not explicitly state the existence of two rival kingdoms in the north in the latter half of the eighth century BC, their existence could be inferred from passages of the book of Hosea that was written about the time of Pekah and Menahem. Cook showed that although "Ephraim" is sometimes used in Scripture to designate all of the northern kingdom, in various passages of Hosea such as Hosea 5:5, "Israel" and "Ephraim" are not synonymous but refer to separate entities. Cook's thesis in this regard was strengthened when Rodger Young pointed out that the Hebrew of Hosea 5:5 has a "vav" before Israel and then another "vav" before Ephraim, which is the Hebrew method of expressing "both... and," implying a distinction in this passage between Israel and Ephraim. All translations which have rendered this in some sense as "Israel, even Ephraim" are therefore incorrect (the Holman Study Bible renders the verse correctly, as did the ancient Septuagint). Others who have accepted the Lederer/Cook explanation of the two methods of dating for the time of Pekah are Thiele in his second edition of "Mysterious Numbers" and later, Leslie McFall, Francis Andersen and David Noel Freedman in their commentary on Hosea in the Anchor Bible Series, T. C. Mitchell, in the "Cambridge Ancient History", and Jack Finegan in his "Handbook of Biblical Chronology".

paragraph: Section::::Chronology.:Assyrian references.

paragraph: Looking at this from the Assyrian side, Stanley Rosenbaum maintains that the records of Tiglath-Pileser III demonstrate that the Assyrian king distinguished between two kingdoms in the north of Israel. Tiglath-Pileser says he united the northern part (restored as Naphthali in the text) with Assyria, whereas for the southern part, he wrote, "Israel ("bit-Humria") overthrew their king Pekah and I placed Hoshea as king over them." Cook thinks that Menahem's tribute to Assyria in 2 Kings 15:19 also suggests the existence of a rival to Menahem's kingdom:

paragraph: When Tiglath-Pileser III appeared in the west, Menahem took the opportunity to enlist his support by sending tribute of a thousand talents of silver, with the idea—as 2 Kings xv 19 puts it—'that he might help him to confirm his hold of the royal power'. This expression may simply indicate Menahem's sense of insecurity in the presence of Assyrian power; but it may equally well indicate the presence of a rival.

paragraph: Isaiah 7:1,2 speaks of a league between Pekah and King Rezin of Aram that was a threat to Ahaz of Judah. Ahaz and Menahem of Israel (Ephraim) followed a pro-Assyrian policy and were therefore aligned against the coalition of Pekah and the Arameans that sought to withstand Assyria, thus explaining why Menahem felt insecure and sought to buy the support of Assyria.

paragraph: Section::::Chronology.:Pekah as commander under Pekahiah.

paragraph: A major objection to the idea that Pekah headed a kingdom that was rival to Menahem's reign in Samaria is that he is listed as a commander ("shalish") of Pekahaiah, Menahem's son, whom he slew (2 Kings 15:25). Young remarks,

paragraph: The objections to Pekah being a rival to Menahem usually center on Pekah’s position as an officer in the army of Pekahiah, Menahem’s son and successor (2 Kgs 15:25). But there is nothing inherently unreasonable about two rivals reaching a détente under which one contender accepts a subordinate position, and he then bides his time until the opportunity comes to slay his rival (or his rival’s son) in a coup. Once the rivalry had begun, the external threat (Assyria) provided compelling reasons for a détente.

paragraph: Any rivalry between Menahem and Pekah could only appear more and more foolish in light of the growing menace of Assyria. In 733, Tiglath-Pileser campaigned against Damascus, the capital of the Arameans, Pekah's erstwhile ally, and he returned to destroy the city in 732. Pekah must have seen the handwriting on the wall in 733 or earlier, and any feeling for "Realpolitik" would dictate that it was time for the two rivals to put aside their differences under some sort of accommodation. But "Realpolitik" would also suggest that this accommodation should not include giving your potential rival a position of leadership in the army, which Pekahiah learned too late.

paragraph: This is based on inference from the political situation of the time. Gleason Archer showed how inference is used to reconstruct a rivalry in the neighboring kingdom of Egypt that has striking parallels to the Pekah/Menahem rivalry. When Thutmose II died, the intended heir was his son Thutmose III, who was still a boy. However, some time not long after the death of her husband (Thutmose II), Hatshepsut assumed the royal regalia and the title of pharaoh, reigning for 21 years. As he grew older, Thutmose III was given the position of commander of the army, similar to Pekah's position as commander, but still under his aunt and stepmother Hatshepsut. After Hatshepsut died, Thutmose, in an inscription describing his first campaign, said it was in his 22nd year of reign, thereby counting his regnal years from the time his father died, not from the death of Hatshepsut. Thutmose left no explanation for modern historians that his 22nd year was really the first year of sole reign, any more than Pekah or the historian of 2 Kings left an explanation that Pekah's 12th year, the year in which he slew Pekahiah, was really his first year of sole reign. Modern historians rely on a comparison of inscriptions and chronological considerations to reconstruct the chronology of Thutmose III, and there is unanimity among Egyptologists that he counted as his own years the 21 years that Hatshepsut was on the throne, even though no inscription has ever been found explicitly stating this fact. Commenting on the fact that Egyptologists have no problem in reconstructing history using inference of this sort, whereas critics will sometimes not allow the same historical method to be applied to the Bible, Young writes, "Do those who reject the Menahem/Pekah rivalry as improbable also reject as improbable this reconstruction from Egypt's Eighteenth Dynasty that Egyptologists use to explain the regnal dates of Thutmose III? How do they explain Hosea 5:5?"

paragraph: Section::::Chronology.:Chronological note.

paragraph: The calendars for reckoning the years of kings in Judah and Israel were offset by six months, that of Judah starting in Tishri (in the fall) and that of Israel in Nisan (in the spring). Cross-synchronizations between the two kingdoms therefore often allow narrowing of the beginning and/or ending dates of a king to within a six-month range. A study of the relevant texts in Scripture allows the narrowing of the start of the Pekah/Menahem rivalry on the death of Shallum to the month of Nisan, 752 BC, as Thiele showed in the second edition of "Mysterious Numbers", pp. 87–88. In order to simplify things for the reader, Thiele, in the third edition, omitted the logic that allows this accuracy. The third edition also frequently fails to make explicit the six-month narrowing of dates that is possible from the Biblical data, settling instead on a somewhat inexact notation like "931/930 BC" or even simply "931 BC." For Pekah, synchronisms with the kings of Judah show that he assassinated Pekahiah sometime between Tishri 1 of 740 BC and the day before Nisan 1 of 739 BC. He was slain by Hoshea sometime between Tishri 1 of 732 BC and the day before Nisan 1 of 731 BC.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cook, H. J., "Pekah," "Vetus Testamentum" 14 (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pritchard, James B., ed., "Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament" (3rd ed.; Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969)

wikidata_label: Pekah

wikipedia_title: Pekah


text:
Eastern Orthodox
churches
slave
Philemon of Colossae
Ignatius of Antioch
Ephesus
Tychicus
Colossae
Epistle to Philemon
Paul the Apostle
Rome
Caesarea
Gospel
Christianity
New Testament
Joseph Fitzmyer
bishop
episcopal throne
Saint Timothy
Roman emperor
Domitian
Trajan
martyred
stoning
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
Philemon
Roman Martyrology
Christianity and slavery

categories: Saints from Roman Anatolia,1st-century Christian martyrs,Roman-era Byzantines,Christian slaves and freedmen,1st-century bishops,Year of birth unknown,1st-century Romans,68 deaths,People in the Pauline epistles,Christian saints from the New Testament

paragraph: Onesimus

paragraph: Saint Onesimus (, meaning "useful"; died c. 68 AD, according to Catholic tradition), also called Onesimus of Byzantium and The Holy Apostle Onesimus in some Eastern Orthodox churches, was probably a slave to Philemon of Colossae, a man of Christian faith. He may also be the same Onesimus named by Ignatius of Antioch (died c. 107) as bishop in Ephesus which would put Onesimus's death closer to 95 A.D. Regardless, Onesimus went from slave to brother to Bishop.

paragraph: Section::::In Scripture.

paragraph: The name "Onesimus" appears in two New Testament epistles—in Colossians 4 and in Philemon. In Colossians 4:9 a person of this name is identified as a Christian accompanying Tychicus to visit the Christians in Colossae; nothing else is stated about him in this context. He may well be the freed Onesimus from the Epistle to Philemon.

paragraph: The Epistle to Philemon was written by Paul the Apostle to Philemon concerning a person believed to be a runaway slave named Onesimus. The traditional designation of Onesimus as a slave is doubted by some modern scholars. Onesimus found his way to the site of Paul's imprisonment (most probably Rome or Caesarea) to escape punishment for a theft of which he was accused. After hearing the Gospel from Paul, Onesimus converted to Christianity. Paul, having earlier converted Philemon to Christianity, sought to reconcile the two by writing the letter to Philemon which today exists in the New Testament.. The letter reads (in part):

paragraph: Section::::In tradition.

paragraph: Although it is doubted by authorities such as Joseph Fitzmyer, it may be the case that this Onesimus was the same one consecrated a bishop by the Apostles and who accepted the episcopal throne in Ephesus following Saint Timothy. During the reign of Roman emperor Domitian and the persecution of Trajan, Onesimus was imprisoned in Rome and may have been martyred by stoning (although some sources claim that he was beheaded). However, since the reign of Domitian was from 81 A.D. to 96 A.D., then Onesimus' death would have to fall within these years and not 68 A.D. as stated above.

paragraph: Section::::In liturgy.

paragraph: Onesimus is regarded as a saint by many Christian denominations. The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod commemorates him and Philemon on February 15.

paragraph: Eastern Churches remember Onesimus on 15 February and 22 November.

paragraph: The traditional Western commemoration of Onesimus is on 16 February. But in the 2004 edition of the "Roman Martyrology", Onesimus is listed under 15 February. There, he is described as "[a] runaway slave, whom the apostle Paul received to the faith of Christ while in prison, regarding him as a son of whom he had become father, as he himself wrote to Philemon, Onesimus's master".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The attitude of Paul is one of the arguments in the debate about Christianity and slavery.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4908

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/41200

description: Saint and bishop

wikidata_label: Onesimus

wikipedia_title: Onesimus


text:
king of Armenia
Bagratid Armenia
Smbat II
Ani
Vayots Dzor
Khachen
Nakhichevan
Dvin
Gurgen of Iberia
Bagrat III of Georgia
Khorasan
Lake Van
Shamkor
Vagharshakert
Kura River
Lake Van
Kars
Hovhannes-Smbat
Kingdom of Lori-Dzoraget
Church of St. Gregory
Ani
Zvartnots
Nicholas Marr
turban
khalat
Abbasid Caliphate
First World War
Erzurum

categories: Bagratuni dynasty,10th-century Armenian people,1020 deaths,Kings of Bagratid Armenia,Year of birth unknown,11th-century monarchs in Asia,10th-century monarchs in Asia

paragraph: Gagik I of Armenia

paragraph: Gagik I () was the king of Armenia who reigned between 989 and c. 1017/20, under whom Bagratid Armenia reached its height, and "enjoyed the accustomed experience of unbroken peace and prosperity."

paragraph: Section::::Rule.

paragraph: It is unknown when Gagik I was born. He succeeded his brother Smbat II in 989. He followed the footsteps of his predecessors in building churches and religious buildings in the capital Ani. Using the favorable economic conditions of Armenia, Gagik increased the size of the army up to 100,000 soldiers. He subsequently united various Armenian provinces to Bagratid Armenia, including Vayots Dzor, Khachen, Nakhichevan and the city of Dvin. He made alliances with Gurgen of Iberia and Bagrat III of Georgia, whose armies defeated Mamlan, the emir of Khorasan, in 998 in the village of Tsumb, northeast of Lake Van. Under Gagik I, the Kingdom of Armenia extended from Shamkor to Vagharshakert and Kura River to Apahunik near Lake Van. The country's economy, culture and foreign trade developed; Ani, Dvin, and Kars flourished. He has joined to his territory Vanadzor, the most part of Artsakh (Khachen) and two main provinces of Vaspurakan: Kogovit and Ttsaghkotn.

paragraph: After his death, his elder son, Hovhannes-Smbat, was crowned king while his younger son, Ashot, rebelled against Smbat and proclaimed his independence in the Kingdom of Lori-Dzoraget.

paragraph: Section::::Archaeological finds.

paragraph: One of Gagik's principal projects was the Church of St. Gregory in Ani (1001–10), loosely modeled on Zvartnots. During Nicholas Marr's excavation of the city's ruins in 1906, a 2.26-meter high statue of King Gagik holding a model of his church was found in fragments. It shows Gagik wearing a turban on his head and a "khalat", which indicates that he was recognized by the Abbasid Caliphate. The statue was originally located in a niche high up in the north facade of the church. It was lost in uncertain circumstances at the end of the First World War. Only a few photographs record its appearance. A surviving fragment of the statue is now in the Erzurum archaeological museum. Exactly how, and when, it got there is unknown. According to the museum staff it was found somewhere in the vicinity of Erzurum and the finder brought it to the museum by car.

description: King of Armenia

wikidata_label: Gagik I of Armenia

wikipedia_title: Gagik I of Armenia


text:
American
baseball
first baseman
Negro Leagues
St. Louis Giants
St. Louis Giants
St. Louis Giants

categories: 1961 deaths,St. Louis Giants players,Kansas City Monarchs players,1884 births

paragraph: Tullie McAdoo

paragraph: Tullie McAdoo (November 24, 1884 – June 16, 1961) was an American baseball first baseman in the Negro Leagues. He played from 1908 to 1924 with several teams, playing mostly with the St. Louis Giants.

paragraph: McAdoo worked first base for the Salt Lake City Occidental Club in 1910. The team finished second that year in the Utah state league. He moved back east to join the French Lick Plutos for the 1911 season, but came back to the Occidentals in May 1911. At some point in 1911, McAdoo moved East again to join the St. Louis Giants.

paragraph: He was still playing for the St. Louis Giants when the team joined the Negro National League in 1920.

description: Negro League Baseball player

wikidata_label: Tullie McAdoo

wikipedia_title: Tullie McAdoo


text: Australian rules football

text: ice hockey

text: web show

text: Daniela Scalia

text: Canale 5

text: Telepiù-Sky

text: Eurosport

text: International Rugby Board

text: Daniela Scalia

text: Rugby League State of Origin

text: National Rugby League

text: Australian Football League

text: Cricket Champions League

text: Field Hockey Euro League

text: Gaelic Sports

text: Spengler Cup

text: Swiss National TV RSI

text: Rugby Union World Cup

text: SBS

text: web show

text: Sport Crime

text: Rugby Rovigo Delta

text: Primorje

text: Marylebone Cricket Club Academy

text: Lord's Cricket Ground

text: Sport Crime

text: Sport Crime

text: The Legacy Run

text: second rower

text: Serie A

text: Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia

text: Piacenza

text: Viadana

text: Milano

text: Bellinzona

text: Ticino

text: Lausanne

text: rugby union

text: Australian rules football

text: AFL Italia

text: cap

text: Samobor

text: AFL Switzerland

text: Kecskemét

text: GDT Hockey club Bellinzona

text: Steve McKenna

text: HC Lugano

text: FC Lugano

text: Daniela Scalia

text: Bellinzona

text: field hockey

text: floorball

text: cricket

text: Alleghe Hockey

text: impressionist

text: Claude Monet

text: Belluno, Italy

text: Mestre

text: Venice

text: Rolling Stones

text: The Legacy Run

categories: Italian ice hockey players,1966 births,Italian rugby union players,Italian rugby league players,Italian television presenters,Living people

paragraph: Luca Tramontin

paragraph: Luca Tramontin (born 22 February 1966) is an Italian former rugby player and television sports personality. He is the creator and co-writer of the TV Series "Sport Crime".

paragraph: He has played for Italy, Switzerland, and Hungary. He has also played Australian rules football and ice hockey. He has appeared on Eurosport's programs, including "Total Rugby". He created and anchored a web show sports program called the "Oval Bin", which he hosted with Daniela Scalia.

paragraph: Section::::Television career.

paragraph: Tramontin was on television mostly as a guest, but in 1996 he began studying acting and television writing at the Antenna Cinema school. He worked a year at Canale 5, then at Telepiù-Sky as a writer and journalist for five years. Although still active in rugby, his television production work had yet to be related to his sport activities.

paragraph: In 2004, Tramontin moved to the newly formed network SportItalia, which partnered with Eurosport. There, he provided commentary on rugby matches, with Pierpaolo Pedroni in the first year, and afterwards with Gianluca Veneziano. He anchored the International Rugby Board (IRB)'s official magazine program, "Total Rugby", with Daniela Scalia. The show had been broadcast in over a hundred countries without any anchors, but Tramontin and Scalia changed the format making it into a "docu-talk".

paragraph: Between 2004-2012, Tramontin averaged five hours of sports commentary a week for Eurosport. The topics featured include: Rugby League State of Origin, National Rugby League, Australian Football League, Cricket Champions League, Field Hockey Euro League, weightlifting, StrongMan, Gaelic Sports and the Spengler Cup ice hockey tournament, the last of which he considers one of the best sports events ever.

paragraph: In 2006, Tramontin became a regular guest on the Swiss National TV RSI lunch-time talk show "Mezzogiorno in punto", which was anchored by Fabrizio Casati. In 2007, the show changed its name to "Buon Pomeriggio" and changed anchors to Sandy Altermatt. Tramontin was the "multifaceted talker of sports, music and life in general." He participated in "Sport Non Stop", a six-hour Sunday sports show led by Stefano Ferrando. He commentated on the finals for the 2007 and 2011 Rugby Union World Cup for Swiss National TV.

paragraph: Since 2010 he collaborates with Australian radio broadcaster SBS

paragraph: In 2011, Tramontin created and hosted a show called the "Oval Bin". It was originally intended to be a television program, but turned into a shortened web show at the last moment for reasons not revealed. "Oval Bin" was co-anchored by Daniela Scalia and Gianluca Veneziano.

paragraph: In February 2013, Tramontin and Scalia hosted "ESP Hockey", a weekly ice hockey magazine show, at Espansione TV The show has focused on the Suisse NLA ice hockey championship, but he has occasionally thrown in references to rugby, Australian football, water polo and other team sports.

paragraph: Section::::Sport Crime.

paragraph: During 2013 Luca Tramontin and Daniela Scalia invented and registered a new TV Series called Sport Crime. They kept it hidden until the trailer's shooting took them to Polcenigo (PN), Rovigo (with Rugby Rovigo Delta), Rijeka (with Primorje) and London (at Marylebone Cricket Club Academy of Lord's Cricket Ground).

paragraph: Sport Crime is the first ever series based on real sport, it tells the story of "Seam Agency", based in Lugano and ready to intervene when an alleged crime or infraction endangers a team, a sport venue or an athlete. Any episode is based on a different sport.

paragraph: Daniela Scalia acts as main character, while Tramontin declares to be still undecided on the matter.

paragraph: The trailer gave evidence that all actors are active or former athletes that often try or re-enact the facts risking their bodies in real actions like smashing tackles, high velocity crashes and bodychecks.

paragraph: Through Sport Crime is a fictional work designed for TV consumption, most of the plots come from the long experience of the authors as sportsmen, coaches, TV commentators, presenters or analysts.

paragraph: The first episode of Sport Crime has been extensively rehearsed in Rijeka (Fiume) e Opatija (Abbazia), with Tramontin e Scalia in most of the real location of the effective shooting that Tramontin gave for "nearly imminent" in a long interview in the Novi List. The plot runs around the alleged kidnapping of a waterpolo

paragraph: star shortly before Primorje has to face the Champions League semifinals. Tramontin also revealed the surprising connection he has with the Kvarnar area and with Croatian language and culture.

paragraph: April the 4th 2016, at Cannes Mip Festival, Tramontin and Scalia revealed that the TV movie "The Legacy Run", introducing Sport Crime themes, atmosphere and characters, had been produced and edited. Curiously, no shooting had been done in Italy but only in Switzerland and Croatia with extensive media coverage on national TVs, radio, magazines and newspapers.

paragraph: December 4, 2016, "The Legacy Run" had its world premier at Swiss national tv reaching share numbers close to the historic "Sunday Sport Show /Domenica Sportiva". The whole movie had an extremely positive reception.

paragraph: Section::::Sports career.

paragraph: Tramontin joined 1st division club Rugby Casale in 1985. He played for seven seasons as a second rower. He had a short stint with Occhiali Vogue Belluno, which had reached Serie A, but he returned to Casale after some disciplinary issues. In the 1989 off season, he traveled to play in the New England Rugby Union Cup in Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia, where he got in touch also with Cricket, Rugby League and Aussie Rules. Then coach Colin Price advised Luca to train twice a week with the local rugby league team in order to improve his deficitary ball handling. In reflecting on his Australian visit, Tramontin said, "those awkward hours in the park opened up my mind forever" as he would later leave the Rugby Union to play the games he learned down under. In the 1990 off season, after getting the 1st degree, he biked through Thailand and Malaysia for two and a half months, and returned late and underweight to the Casale summer camp. As a result, he had a low rate season where he was relegated to the bench.

paragraph: From 1992-2006, he played on various clubs in Piacenza, Viadana, Brescia, New York City, and three different clubs in Milano.

paragraph: In 2006, Tramontin moved to Bellinzona, Switzerland, where he joined the local rugby club at Ticino at the age of 41, and joined the Hungarian national team, which he qualified through ancestry. He also fulfilled his dream of playing ice hockey, albeit at a very low level; this was documented on his television show, "Oval Bin". He joined a rugby club in Lugano and contributed as a starter. He joined the Swiss team for two weekends in Lausanne under Toulosan coach Patrice Philippe. Being over 40 and having an official cap with Hungary, there were hopes that he would be permitted to join.

paragraph: In 2008, Tramontin left rugby union to play Australian rules football (abbreviated as Aussie Rules or Orules) in the summer, and amateur ice hockey in the winter. He participated on AFL Italia for nine caps and was the skipper when the national team participated in the 2009 European Cup held in Samobor, Croatia. For the 2010 European Cup, he represented AFL Switzerland as the team made its debut; he served as the team's coach.

paragraph: In 2011, Tramontin was asked to help the Hungarian national rugby team, the Magyar Bulls, who made its first appearance in international competition. He played for the team against the Czech Republic in a match in Kecskemét, Hungary. He later decided the commitment was too high as he had been playing for AFL Switzerland and was a television commentator.

paragraph: He has been playing Australian Rules football for the Lugano Bankers, and amateur ice hockey during their off season.

paragraph: Section::::Orules, Rugby/Aussie Rules for disabled.

paragraph: Tramontin started and invented a new formula for disabled people to play full contact oval ball. It has been well documented on TV and media in order to expand the code.

paragraph: For serious mental and perceptive diseases the game consists in a code half way between rugby and Australian Football, while for medium degree of disability the teams created by Tramontin adopt the Orules/Australian Football rules except for number of players and length of the periods.

paragraph: Section::::Other disabled sports.

paragraph: Tramontin is very close to any form of team sport for disabled people, both organizing or trying to practice himself.

paragraph: Section::::Ice Hockey.

paragraph: Luca's flirt with Hockey started 3 years before his rugby as a kid supporter of Alleghe Hockey Club, but due to distant ice rinks, parent's split and heavy rugby commitments he never embraced it as a player before 2006. The "Genitori" GDT Hockey club Bellinzona started in 2006, at amateur level, with 5-6 matches for year, Luca claims to have missed no more than 4 training per year so far, mixing it well with other sport and work commitments. His son Nico plays in the same club as a defensive man. In October 2012 the "Genitori" organized a tour to Alleghe and Auronzo to have Luca playing against the "Old Timers", the players he supported as a kid. The event featured the former NHLer Steve McKenna and has been covered by the magazine "Oval Bin".

paragraph: 2014 Luca played and trained for all the pre-season with Rivera Vikings (Ticino local premiership) featuring also in some games as a defensive and forechecking winger. Eventually he had to leave again, due to the Cannes Film Festival and the imminent start of Sport Crime shooting.

paragraph: Since his move to Switzerland Tramontin co-operates with various Ice-Hockey teams for crossover trainings, both amateur and professional like HC Lugano.

paragraph: He is the father of Novizi's HC Lugano defender Nico.

paragraph: Section::::Football (soccer).

paragraph: June 2019, national Swiss TV and several media reported that the "Sport Crime" duo Daniela Scalia and Luca Tramontin have been working since September 2018 coaching FC Lugano Settore Giovanile with techniques and drills partly custom created and partly from rugby.

paragraph: The unprecedented protocol is said immensely useful by neo president and owner Leonid Novoselskyi and coaches of the professional team.

paragraph: Section::::Other Sports.

paragraph: WATERPOLO: in his first book Luca tells about some months of waterpolo played in 1986 during a long suspension from rugby for contractual issues. Pictures and words describe a very comical and dangerous debut in the Serie D match Trieste - Belluno. He claim to be no expert, therefore he refuses to embrace the "Water Football" as one of his commented sports.

paragraph: Section::::Sports History.

paragraph: Tramontin often is called for talking about sports history at universities or venues. Daniela Scalia normally hosts the event with guests.

paragraph: The allure of the events is very straight, more history focused in academic ambient, more colloquial and rich in episodes and humor in public houses.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Tramontin was born with a deformity at the right hand. Although he had frequent surgery in his first years, he said that it never affected his sports ability, his social life or guitar playing. He jokes about it on his shows. Tramontin has never received compensation or any kind of support for the deformity on his right hand being the indemnity only for born until 31.12.1965. His family and he paid for all the 16 surgeries, including the 13 skin transplant from the buttock to the fingers.

paragraph: Tramontin was nicknamed "Diavolo" (Devil) by Pierpaolo Pedroni in 1987. Pedroni was Tramontin's rival on the field, and a good friend and rock buddy off-field. Pedroni has appeared on Tramontin's shows.

paragraph: Tramontin has residences in Bellinzona, Switzerland.

paragraph: Tramontin also plays field hockey, floorball, cricket, tennis, badminton, and swimming. With regards to cricket, he said that he "never saw someone bowling worse than me". He is a supporter of the Alleghe Hockey club.

paragraph: Tramontin enjoys impressionist painting; his favorite artist is Claude Monet.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Tramontin was born in Belluno, Italy to Vally Carnio and Elio Tramontin. He lived in Mestre, Venice until the age of 10; he often spent time with his maternal grandmother Elvira, who was a French-raised Hungarian, and grandfather Mario, whom he credits as "the biggest influence besides Rolling Stones". He and his younger brother Diego often moved several times between mother's and father's house after parents split and spent time in different places in the Belluno area to eventually move back to Mestre. He learned to play rugby and was persuaded to try soccer because of a deformity in his right hand. During the off seasons for rugby, he would play different sports, including swimming, street hockey, basketball, beach volleyball, tennis and badminton. He said there were "too many to recall, I just remember I was very limited in everything I practised, but t was good fun and good training for rugby".

paragraph: At school, the Tramontin brothers had a reputation of being "very bad students" and "loud pranksters" who would "rather play rugby and hard rock", but "eventually blossomed at university". Luca played several times against Diego, who would become a professional rugby player, in the Italian 1st division rugby; he claimed it was very ordinary to be physical to each other and stressed that Diego was a much better player than he.

paragraph: Section::::Cooking Show.

paragraph: Admittedly a "no-cook" that only and highly enjoys food in a healthy manner, Luca has been surprisingly called as a guest in the most known Swiss cook show, "Piattoforte", the logic of producer Aldina Crespi being to highlight the contrast between the cook, the food loving environment and the natural "punk" attitude of Tramontin. The show registered high numbers and has been prolonged to 5 days.

paragraph: Section::::Curious Facts.

paragraph: Luca japes his long timed love for Guinea Pigs is also due to the fact they have three fingers like him. Guinea Pigs may also feature in The Legacy Run movie, but in a different context that in "House of Cards", as he states to Maltese reporter Nadia Vella. His pets always have Serbo-Croatian or Hungarian names. He states Serbo-Croatian to be his favorite language.

paragraph: A Multilingual (Spanish, Italian, English, French, Serbo-Croatian and German) with a highly athletic body, has been often gossiped to be object of the attentions of show-biz, Bollywood and movie stars. He always denied or refused to enter the topic.

paragraph: Anchor woman and Sport Crime actress Daniela Scalia openly said that behind the inexplicable dismissal of many successful of her shows with Luca Tramontin there may be some jealousy for the positive impact Luca has on audience, remarkably with women.

paragraph: Section::::Quotes.

paragraph: "I never count the fingers, nor the years, I am bad at maths".

paragraph: "Me and my brother were very bad at school because All Blacks and Deep Purple were not school subjects".

paragraph: "Iron Maiden lyrics are real history essays, Ozzy Osbourne lyrics are deeply introspective".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.lucatramontin.com

description: Italian television presenter

wikidata_label: Luca Tramontin

wikipedia_title: Luca Tramontin


href: Americans baseball catcher outfielder Negro%20League%20baseball

text:
American
baseball
catcher
outfielder
Negro Leagues

categories: New York Black Yankees players,1896 births,1980 deaths,Baltimore Black Sox players,Bacharach Giants players,Lincoln Giants players,Dayton Marcos players,Indianapolis ABCs players,Detroit Stars players,Homestead Grays players

paragraph: Mack Eggleston

paragraph: Macajah Marchand "Mack" Eggleston Jr. (September 16, 1896 – September, 1980) was an American baseball catcher and outfielder in the Negro Leagues. He played from 1919 to 1934 with over a dozen teams.

description: Negro League Baseball player

wikidata_label: Mack Eggleston

wikipedia_title: Mack Eggleston


text: Royal Governor of Chile

text: Valdepeñas

text: America

text: Panama

text: Lima

text: viceroy

text: Santiago

text: Alonso de Sotomayor

text: Philip III

text: Audiencia

text: Alonso García de Ramón

text: Mapuche

categories: Captaincy General of Chile,17th-century Chilean people,Year of birth unknown,People from the Province of Ciudad Real,Royal Governors of Chile,17th-century Spanish people,Year of death unknown,Spanish generals

paragraph: Luis Merlo de la Fuente

paragraph: Luis Merlo de la Fuente Ruiz de Beteta was a Spanish colonial official who briefly served as the Royal Governor of Chile, in 1610–11.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Valdepeñas, Spain to Luis Merlo de la Fuente and Maria Ruiz de Betena. He went to America, specifically Panama, in 1588 in the capacity of an "oidor" or judge, later travelling to Lima, Peru. From there the viceroy at the time, García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete, sent him to Santiago, Chile to judge the governor, Alonso de Sotomayor, for possible misconduct.

paragraph: Later, he travelled as an emissary to various colonial cities. When Philip III wanted to reinstate the Real Audiencia in Chile, he was selected as one of the "oidores" which compose that type of body. The members of the Audiencia arrived in Santiago by April 24, 1609, and were installed by September 9 of the same year.

paragraph: Upon the illness of the governor, Alonso García de Ramón, Merlo de la Fuente was eventually designated the successor, and he took command on September 2, 1610. This duty lasted only until January 15, 1611, however. During this period Merlo de la Fuente faced a rising by the Mapuche Indians, who tried to take advantage of the death of the previous governor.

paragraph: In 1612, he returned to Lima, and in 1620 he retired from the Crown's service.

description: Royal Governor of Chile

wikidata_label: Luis Merlo de la Fuente

wikipedia_title: Luis Merlo de la Fuente