text:
Elfin Sports Cars
Singapore Grand Prix
1968 Australian 1½ Litre Championship
1975 Australian Sports Car Championship
1978 Australian Grand Prix
Sandown Raceway
Melbourne
Elfin MR8
Formula 5000
Ground effect
aerodynamics
1980 Australian Grand Prix
Calder Park Raceway
Formula One
Didier Pironi
John Bowe
Williams FW07B
Alan Jones
Chevrolet
V8
Confederation of Australian Motor Sport
aortic aneurysm
John McCormack
Vern Schuppan
Larry Perkins
James Hunt

categories: 1935 births,Australian racing drivers,1982 deaths,Racing drivers from South Australia

paragraph: Garrie Cooper

paragraph: Garrie Clifford Cooper (22 December 1935 - 25 April 1982) was the founder of the highly successful Elfin Sports Cars and a competitive racing driver in his own right, winning the 1968 Singapore Grand Prix, the 1968 Australian 1½ Litre Championship, and the 1975 Australian Sports Car Championship - all in Elfin cars of his own design.

paragraph: Section::::Elfin Sports Cars.

paragraph: With the help of his father Cliff Cooper, Garrie established Elfin Sports Cars in 1957 at the age of 22, with his first car being the Elfin Streamliner, a front engined sports car which first appeared in 1959, and began racing under the Elfin banner in 1962.

paragraph: During the 1978 Australian Grand Prix at the fast Sandown Raceway in Melbourne, he suffered a broken leg in a high-speed crash while driving his own Elfin MR8 Formula 5000. The car was destroyed after leaving the track and crashing into the horse track rails on the back straight at over . Cooper's explanation for the high speed crash was that something broke on the car which sent him spearing into the fence.

paragraph: In 1980, Cooper designed and built the first open wheel car in Australia to use Ground effect aerodynamics, the Elfin MR9 (the MR9 it remains the only F5000 ever constructed using Ground effect). This car made its race début in Coopers hands at the 1980 Australian Grand Prix at Melbourne's Calder Park Raceway. Originally to be driven by French Formula One driver Didier Pironi who had experience driving ground effects F1 cars, Cooper himself decided to drive the car as it had only been completed before practice and did not set a qualifying time. Pironi and Cooper's Ansett Team Elfin team mate John Bowe each drove an Elfin MR8 in the race, with Pironi finishing in third place, four laps down on the Williams FW07B Formula One car of World Champion Alan Jones.

paragraph: John Bowe also drove the MR9 on limited occasions and felt that with the ground effects it had a lot of potential. However, Elfin were finding out what others had found with Ground effect in that it required stronger suspension components to cope with the higher downforce generated in the corners compared to the conventional F5000's with Bowe reportedly receiving a fright during a race at Sandown in 1981 when the front suspension broke on the car. Unfortunately the true potential of the Chevrolet V8 powered MR9 was never reached and its racing life was limited to just one year as F5000 racing was phased out of Australian motorsport at the end of 1981.

paragraph: After limited appearances following the 1980 Australian Grand Prix, Garrie Cooper retired from racing following the 1981 season.

paragraph: Section::::Health Issues.

paragraph: Several years before, Cooper was admitted to hospital to have an artificial heart valve implanted. Due to the metallic material of the valve, Cooper had to take anti-coagulants, which caused concern from CAMS (the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport, Australia's motorsport ruling body), but after extensive lobbying from Cooper and countless letters supporting Cooper from his heart specialist, he was able to regain his racing license and continued his racing career.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Early on Anzac Day (April 25) 1982, while working on a customer's car Garry suddenly died due to a ruptured aortic aneurysm.

paragraph: Section::::Ansett Team Elfin Drivers.

paragraph: Drivers who raced Elfin cars as team mate to Garrie Cooper include John McCormack, Vern Schuppan, John Bowe, Larry Perkins, Formula One World Champion James Hunt, and Didier Pironi.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Motor Racing The Australian Way", Lansdowne Press, 1974,

description: Australian racing driver

wikidata_label: Garrie Cooper

wikipedia_title: Garrie Cooper


text: Irish

text: Protestant nationalist

text: philanthropist

text: World War I

text: Daniel O'Connell

text: Kinsale

text: Church of Ireland

text: Duagh

text: County Kerry

text: Mount Kennedy

text: County Wicklow

text: Pierce Mahony

text: Repeal

text: Leamington

text: Warwickshire

text: Rugby School

text: Magdalen College, Oxford

text: J. G. Swift MacNeill

text: Royal Agricultural College

text: Cirencester

text: Royal Irish Academy

text: County Limerick

text: Listowel

text: Member of Parliament

text: North Meath

text: July 1886 general election

text: House of Commons

text: Charles Stewart Parnell

text: Protestant MPs

text: general election of 1892

text: Michael Davitt

text: Parnellites

text: Catholic Church

text: Cork North East

text: Anti-Parnellite

text: Dublin St Stephen's Green

text: Liberal Unionist

text: William Kenny

text: by-election for Dublin Harbour in 1915

text: general election of 1918

text: West Wicklow

text: Sinn Féin

text: Robert Barton

text: Irish bar

text: Bulgaria

text: Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising

text: Sofia

text: World War I

text: James Larkin

text: Dublin Lockout

text: First World War

text: Irish regiment

text: Leinster Regiment

text: Irish League

text: CBE

text: Irish War of Independence

text: Bulgarian Orthodox Church

text: Church of Ireland

text: Catholic

text: Maglizh

text: Dermot O'Mahony

text: Cumann na nGaedheal

text: Fine Gael

text: Dáil Éireann

text: Wicklow

text: Asenovgrad

text: Atanas O'Mahony

text: J. J. Clancy

text: F. S. L. Lyons

categories: Protestant Irish nationalists,Irish Anglicans,Irish Parliamentary Party MPs,Irish expatriates in Bulgaria,Alumni of the Royal Agricultural University,UK MPs 1886–1892,Parnellite MPs,1850 births,Irish barristers,People from Dublin (city),1930 deaths,Irish philanthropists,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Meath constituencies (1801–1922)

paragraph: Pierce Charles de Lacy O'Mahony

paragraph: Pierce Charles de Lacy O'Mahony (9 June 1850 – 31 October 1930), known up to 1901 as Pierce Mahony, and from 1912 also as The O'Mahony of Kerry, was an Irish Protestant nationalist politician and philanthropist, who practised as a barrister from 1898 to 1900. He was remarkable in having had successively three names, two wives and three faiths, and for being honoured by the Kings of two opposing countries in World War I.

paragraph: He should not be confused with his grandfather Pierce Mahony (1792–1853), a close associate of Daniel O'Connell who was elected as MP for Kinsale in 1837 but unseated on petition; or with his son Pierce Gun Mahony (1878–1914).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Dublin to a Church of Ireland family, Mahony was the only surviving son of Peirce Kenifeck Mahony of Kilmorna, Duagh, County Kerry, and of Jane, daughter of Robert Gun Cuninghame, D.L., of Mount Kennedy, County Wicklow. his grandfather was Pierce Mahony Repeal MP for Kinsale. His father died shortly after he was born. When he was six his mother married Col. William Henry Vicars, and the family moved to Leamington, Warwickshire. Mahony was educated at Rugby School and at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he did not take a degree, but established an Irish Home Rule club and formed a friendship with his later Parliamentary colleague J. G. Swift MacNeill. Mahony went on to the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, where he won the Haygarth Gold Medal in 1875. In 1877 he married Helen Louise, only daughter of Maurice Collis, a member of the Royal Irish Academy. She died in 1899 and in 1901 he married a first cousin, Alice Johnstone, who died in her turn in 1906. An ancient stone cross taken (with permission) from the Bulgarian monastery at Banska stands over Alice's grave in the church cemetery at Ballinure in West Wicklow, Ireland.

paragraph: In 1913, his son Dermot O’Mahony married Grace Hill.

paragraph: Mahony was an Assistant Land Commissioner 1881-84, a magistrate in County Kerry and County Limerick, Poor Law Guardian at Listowel, a member of the Roads and Piers Commission under the Relief of Distress Act 1886, and a member of the Royal Commission on Market Rights and Tolls.

paragraph: Section::::Irish nationalism.

paragraph: He was elected unopposed as Member of Parliament (MP) for North Meath in the July 1886 general election, taking his seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. When the Irish Parliamentary Party split over Charles Stewart Parnell’s leadership in 1890, Mahony was one of the four Protestant MPs who supported Parnell. The two remained close, with Mahony entertaining Parnell in Kerry shortly before the latter's death in 1891. At the general election of 1892, Mahony was defeated in North Meath by the prominent land campaigner Michael Davitt, who had taken a particularly strong and clericalist line against Parnell from early in the crisis, by 54% to 46%. This general election was characterised by ferocious hostility to the Parnellites on the part of the Catholic Church. Mahony successfully petitioned the courts to set aside the result on the basis of clerical intimidation of the voters. In the re-run election in February 1893, Davitt did not stand, having been elected unopposed to a vacancy at Cork North East. However clerical Anti-Parnellite influence continued to be strong. "The Times" reported that "the priests...swarmed at all the polling stations, and kept the voters constantly in view". Mahony again lost, by the fractionally smaller margin of 53% to 47%.

paragraph: Mahony remained active in the Nationalist movement, and made three further unsuccessful attempts to return to Parliament. He stood as Parnellite candidate for Dublin St Stephen's Green at a by-election in September 1895 but failed to unseat the Liberal Unionist member, William Kenny. He contested another by-election for Dublin Harbour in 1915, but came well short of election with 24% of the vote. In the general election of 1918 he fought West Wicklow for the Irish Parliamentary Party but lost to the Sinn Féin candidate Robert Barton by the particularly wide margin of more than four to one.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: In 1898 Mahony was called to the Irish bar, and subsequently practised as a barrister. In 1900 he inherited an estate from an uncle and thereafter did not need paid work, instead devoting himself to philanthropy. In 1903 O’Mahony travelled to Bulgaria to undertake relief work among orphans who had fled from Turkish massacres during the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, and in 1904 opened St Patrick’s Orphanage in Sofia. On the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he unsuccessfully tried to prevent Bulgaria entering alliance with Germany, and after the war argued for Bulgaria to be exempted from war reparations. On 20 January 1915, he was awarded the Order of Civil Merit by Ferdinand I of Bulgaria.

paragraph: In 1913, O’Mahony supported the workers led by James Larkin in the Dublin Lockout.

paragraph: During the First World War he served as a member of the Irish Recruiting Council for Irish regiments, and in September 1915 visited the Leinster Regiment with some members of the Irish League who were visiting the front, where he made a long speech on Ireland and on having such a fine battalion. For his recruiting work he was awarded a CBE in 1920, but declined it. Later in the year and resigned as Deputy Lieutenant of County Wicklow and as a magistrate in protest against British policy in the Irish War of Independence then in progress.

paragraph: While in Bulgaria, O’Mahony had joined the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, but he remained also a member of the Church of Ireland until 1927 when a new Rector forced him to choose between the religions. He then became a Catholic, in 1929, the year before his death.

paragraph: In commemoration of his relationship with the Bulgarian Orthodox church, in 1909, Pierce commissioned a fresco by Iliev Gannin, depicting Saints Methodius, Cyril and Patrick. This unique juxtaposition of important Christian saints can be found in the chapel at the monastery of St Nicholas near the town of Maglizh in Bulgaria. Some say St Patrick looks quite like Pierce O'Mahony.

paragraph: His son Dermot O'Mahony was a Cumann na nGaedheal and Fine Gael member of the Dáil Éireann for Wicklow from 1927 to 1938.

paragraph: A street in Sofia is named Pierce O'Mahony Street in his honour. Asenovgrad-born Bulgarian theatre director Atanas O'Mahony (b. 1979) bears the name of the Irish philanthropist. Atanas' grand-grandfather Ivan was among the Bulgarian orphans adopted by Pierce O'Mahony and given his own family name.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierce Mahony and J. J. Clancy, "The Irish Land Crisis", The Irish Question No.4, London, Irish Press Agency, 1886

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierce Mahony, "The Truth about Glenbeigh", The Irish Question No. 15, London, Irish Press Agency, 1887

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierce O’Mahony, Bulgaria and the Powers: Being a Series of Letters on the Balkans written from Sofia, Dublin, Sealy, 1915

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seamus Shortall and Maria Spassova Sofia, 2000: "Pierce O'Mahony, an Irishman in Bulgaria"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irish Independent", 1 November 1930

paragraph: BULLET::::- F. S. L. Lyons, Charles Stewart Parnell, London, William Collins, 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", O’Mahony ["formerly" Mahony], Pierce Charles de Lacy (1850–1930), "politician and philanthropist", by Alan O’Day, October 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Times", 5 July and 16–24 December 1892, 23 February 1893, 2 November 1898

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brian M. Walker (ed.), "Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801-1922", Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who Was Who" 1929-1940

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Transcript of text of Mahony’s tract ‘The Truth about Glenbeigh’ (1887) Note: It is not known whether this transcription is accurate

description: Irish politician

wikidata_label: Pierce Charles de Lacy O'Mahony

wikipedia_title: Pierce Charles de Lacy O'Mahony


text: Wakefield

text: West Yorkshire

text: University of Leeds

text: Conservative Party

text: House of Commons

text: Ardwick

text: Brotherton Library

text: Lord Mayor of Leeds

text: Wakefield

text: Wakefield

text: Lord Milton

text: Lawnswood Cemetery

text: Audio Podcast from Astrotalkuk.org

categories: UK MPs 1918–1922,UK MPs 1906–1910,People associated with the University of Leeds,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,English book and manuscript collectors,People from Ardwick,UK MPs 1900–1906,1856 births,Politics of Wakefield,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,1930 deaths,English businesspeople

paragraph: Edward Brotherton, 1st Baron Brotherton

paragraph: Edward Allen Brotherton, 1st Baron Brotherton (1 April 1856 – 21 October 1930), known as Sir Edward Brotherton, Bt, between 1918 and 1929, was an industrialist in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England and a benefactor to the University of Leeds and other causes. He was also a Conservative Party politician, and sat in the House of Commons between 1902 and 1922.

paragraph: He was born in Ardwick, Manchester, but moved to Wakefield at the age of 22 and lived in Yorkshire thereafter. He married in 1882, but his wife died in childbirth in 1883 and the child shortly afterwards; he did not remarry.

paragraph: The chemical manufacturing company he founded in Wakefield in 1878 still exists on the same site, as "Brotherton Esseco". It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Esseco Group based in Trecate, Italy.

paragraph: In 1927 he donated £100,000 for the building of a new library for the University of Leeds, and the Brotherton Library building is still at the heart of the University Library. He also left his personal collection of books and manuscripts in trust for the University, and the "Brotherton Collection" is a key section of the University Library, attracting international scholars.

paragraph: Brotherton was elected as Alderman/Councillor for Leeds City from 1911-1915 and was Lord Mayor of Leeds in 1913-14.

paragraph: Brotherton was also an Alderman of Wakefield from 1901, and was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Wakefield 1902–1910 and 1918–1922. He was first elected at a by-election in March 1902, after his predecessor Lord Milton inherited a peerage on the death of his grandfather. He was created a Baronet, of Wakefield in the West Riding of the County of York, in 1918 and raised to the peerage as Baron Brotherton, of Wakefield in the County of York, in 1929, for "political, public and charitable causes". The titles became extinct on his death in October 1930, aged 74. His remains are buried in Lawnswood Cemetery, Leeds.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography on website of Brotherton Esseco

paragraph: BULLET::::- A podcast about a 14th-century manuscript from the Brotherton collection at the University of Leeds

paragraph: BULLET::::- Audio Podcast from Astrotalkuk.org. A rediscovery of a copy of the Almagest in the special collections of the Brotherton Library in the University of Leeds.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Brotherton of Wakefield (1856-1930), Leeds University Library's greatest benefactor

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Edward Brotherton, 1st Baron Brotherton

wikipedia_title: Edward Brotherton, 1st Baron Brotherton


text:
Italian
Renaissance
Bassano del Grappa
Jacopo da Bassano
Giambattista
Leandro Bassano
Sagredo
Venice

categories: People from the Province of Vicenza,Venetian painters,Italian male painters,1622 deaths,Italian Renaissance painters,17th-century Italian painters,16th-century Italian painters,1560 births

paragraph: Girolamo da Ponte

paragraph: Girolamo da Ponte also known as Gerolamo Bassano (3 June 1566 – 8 Nov 1621) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period.

paragraph: Born at Bassano del Grappa 3 June 1566, he was the youngest son of painter Jacopo da Bassano. He also copied his father's pictures, and like his brother Giambattista, must take his share in the prolific number of canvases attributed to Jacopo Bassano. He painted an "Apparition of the Virgin to St. Barbara" in Bassano. He also collaborated with his brother Leandro Bassano, including portraits of Sagredo.

paragraph: He died in Venice on 8 Nov 1621.

alias: Bassan degli figlioli di Giacomo cioè Gerolamo

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Girolamo da Ponte

wikipedia_title: Girolamo da Ponte


text:
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Philadelphia Phillies
Boston Red Sox
switch-hitter
left-handed
High Point, North Carolina
strikeout
ERA
appearances
starts
complete game
games finished
walks
innings
Washington, D.C.
Retrosheet

categories: Boston Red Sox players,Baseball players from North Carolina,1955 deaths,Pittsfield Hillies players,New Haven Profs players,Asheville Tourists players,Springfield Ponies players,New London Planters players,Asheville Mountaineers players,Hartford Senators players,Philadelphia Phillies players,Major League Baseball pitchers,1894 births,Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players,Springfield Hampdens players

paragraph: Gary Fortune

paragraph: Garrett Reese Fortune (October 11, 1894 – September 23, 1955) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played between and for the Philadelphia Phillies (1916, 1918) and Boston Red Sox (1920). Listed at , , Fortune was a switch-hitter and threw left-handed. He was born in High Point, North Carolina.

paragraph: In a three-season career, Fortune posted a 0–5 record with 23 strikeouts and a 6.61 ERA in 20 appearances, including six starts, two complete games, 11 games finished, 46 walks, and 77.2 innings of work.

paragraph: Fortune died in Washington, D.C. at age 60.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Gary Fortune

wikipedia_title: Gary Fortune


text:
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Washington Senators
Detroit Tigers
New York Yankees
Boston Red Sox
Sherman, Texas
Wells Fargo
Oklahoma
minor league
Beaumont Oilers
San Antonio Bronchos
TL
Seattle Rainiers
PCL
Atlanta Crackers
SOUA
Minneapolis Millers
AA
Birmingham Barons
Raleigh Capitals
PIED
earned run average
starts
complete game
shutout
games finished
striking out
walking
innings
Atlanta
Ty Cobb
Babe Ruth
Lou Gehrig
Retrosheet

categories: Boston Red Sox players,Detroit Tigers players,New York Yankees players,Raleigh Capitals players,San Antonio Bronchos players,Baseball players from Texas,Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players,Seattle Rainiers players,Beaumont Oilers players,1934 deaths,Birmingham Barons players,Major League Baseball pitchers,1893 births,Atlanta Crackers players

paragraph: Ray Francis

paragraph: Ray James Francis (March 8, 1893 – July 6, 1934) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Washington Senators, Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox in parts of three seasons spanning 1922–1925. Listed at , 182 lb., Francis batted and threw left-handed. He was born in Sherman, Texas.

paragraph: Francis worked for the Wells Fargo in Oklahoma before deciding to play baseball. He changed his name from Roy to Ray after a local sportswriter made a typo in a local newspaper.

paragraph: Besides his major league stint, Francis played for several minor league clubs in many cities and different leagues, including the Beaumont Oilers, San Antonio Bronchos (TL, 1917), Seattle Rainiers (PCL, 1920–1921), Atlanta Crackers (SOUA, 1924; 1926–1928; 1930) Minneapolis Millers (AA, 1925–1926), Birmingham Barons (SOUA, 1928–1930), and Raleigh Capitals (PIED, 1931–1932).

paragraph: Francis posted a 12–28 record and a 4.65 earned run average in 82 major league appearances (36 starts), including 15 complete games, two shutouts and 25 games finished, striking out 96 batters while walking 110 in 337.0 innings of work. In a 10-year minor league career, he went 109–87 with a 3.49 ERA in 298 games.

paragraph: After retirement, Francis worked for the police department of Atlanta and was shot on duty. He died of a heart attack in 1934, at the age of 41, while breaking up a fight on duty. He is buried in Atlanta.

paragraph: Section::::Facts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His only baseball card appeared in the 1921 Zeenut set when he was pitching for Seattle in the Pacific Coast League.

paragraph: BULLET::::- While pitching for the Senators in 1922, he was warned by Ty Cobb not to pitch inside and he hit Cobb with a fastball. Both men fought during the game and then exchanged blows after that outside the stadium.

paragraph: BULLET::::- When Francis joined Detroit in 1923, Cobb said that he had signed him to play for the Tigers because of that toughness.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis was a holdout for the Yankees spring training camp because he said "he had more friends in Atlanta." He also showed up to the Yankees team hotel carrying a shoebox of mice. The hotel manager kicked him out.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He gave up a home run to Babe Ruth and also gave up to Lou Gehrig his first RBI.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis gave away all of his baseball income to the needy. He was known to buy groceries and clothing, and pay bills for complete strangers and come home with no money after a payday.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Ray Francis

wikipedia_title: Ray Francis


text:
Sociology
United States
University of Chicago
Chicago
Illinois
Buckfield, Maine
Bangor, Maine
theology
Andover Newton Theological School
University of Leipzig
University of Berlin
Germany
history
social economics
politics
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
Ph.D.
Colby College
American Journal of Sociology
Delta Kappa Epsilon
Émile Durkheim
Florian Znaniecki
List of liberal thinkers

categories: Presidents of the American Sociological Association,1854 births,Johns Hopkins University alumni,Colby College faculty,1926 deaths,American sociologists,People from Bangor, Maine,Presidents of Colby College

paragraph: Albion Woodbury Small

paragraph: Albion Woodbury Small (May 11, 1854 – March 24, 1926) founded the first independent Department of Sociology in the United States at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois in 1892. He was influential in the establishment of sociology as a valid field of academic study.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Small was born in Buckfield, Maine and grew up in Bangor, Maine. He studied theology from 1876 to 1879 at the Andover Newton Theological School. From 1879 to 1881 he studied at the University of Leipzig and the University of Berlin in Germany history, social economics and politics.

paragraph: From 1888 to 1889 he studied history at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland and was promoted in 1889 with a Ph.D. thesis ("The Beginnings of American Nationality") at the same time continuing to teach at Colby College. From 1889-1892 he was the 10th President of Colby.

paragraph: In 1892 he founded the first Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago. He chaired this department for over 30 years. In 1894 he, along with George E. Vincent, published the first textbook in sociology: An introduction to the study of society. In 1895 he established the American Journal of Sociology. From 1905 to 1925 he served as Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Literature at the University of Chicago.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Introduction to the Study of Society" (1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "General Sociology" (1905)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adam Smith and Modern Sociology" (1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cameralists" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Meaning of the Social Sciences" (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Between Eras: From Capitalism to Democracy" (1913)

paragraph: Albion Woodbury Small was a brother of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Xi chapter).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Émile Durkheim

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florian Znaniecki

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of liberal thinkers

description: American sociologist

wikidata_label: Albion Woodbury Small

wikipedia_title: Albion Woodbury Small


text:
anchoress
Shere
John de Stratford
Bishop of Winchester
Shere
Avignon
Avignon
papal penitentiary
John XXII
Edward II
Shere
John de Stratford
Archbishop of Canterbury
Arnold Wesker
Anchoress
Ascetical theology
Anchorite
Vestals

categories: 1300s deaths,People from Surrey (before 1889),13th-century English people,English hermits,14th-century English people,13th-century English women

paragraph: Christina Carpenter

paragraph: Christina Carpenter or Christine Carpenter () was a 14th-century anchoress, also known as a religious recluse, in the village of Shere, Surrey, in southern England. She came to further notice when she left her cell which may well have been built for her in the church and wrote to the Pope to have herself readmitted.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Carpenter was alive in the first half of the 14th century. Her father, William, was a carpenter and she came to notice in 1329 when on 21 June she asked permission of John de Stratford who was then the Bishop of Winchester to become an anchoress.

paragraph: She wanted to become a living saint and she wanted to be walled up where she would remain until she died. The cell was attached to the church in Shere. The Bishop summoned the cleric, Matthew Redemane, her father and several notables to swear to her good character and virginity. Within a month the Bishop had agreed and she would have been ceremoniously led to her cell on the north side of the chancel which had a communicating door. This door was to be opened only to allow her to take communion. It is believed that this cell may have been built for her use. As an anchoress, Carpenter would have had her hair cut every three months and she would have worn a veil and a habit.

paragraph: Carpenter took her place but as time went by she was found to be outside her cell and her vows. She was facing the spiritual danger of excommunication and the disappointment of all those who had spoken up for her character and integrity. Carpenter wrote to the Pope who at the time was based in Avignon.

paragraph: A letter exists from John Wrotham in Avignon to John de Stratford the Bishop dated 6 August 1332. The letter records Carpenter's change of heart and her desire to re-establish her ambition to devote her life to that of a hermit. Wrotham had been appointed a papal penitentiary by John XXII at the request of Edward II. Bishop Wrotham advocates that Christine should be forgiven and received back into her former state. However it was agreed that she should suffer penance for her misbehaviour.

paragraph: Section::::Second enclosure at Shere.

paragraph: The letters record that she should be now kept more securely and it is thought that this is the reason that the only doorway was replaced with a solid wall. The cell had two small openings into the church. The first was cruciform and it was intended to allow Carpenter to take communion. The other was a squint that allowed her to see out – but only in the direction of the church's altar. It is thought that there was a third window to the world, but this is no longer extant. This window would have been made too small for her to leave and its purpose would have been to allow her to be fed and watered and for her bodily wastes to be removed. It is not known what happened to Carpenter after this date, but the usual practice was to bury anchorites where they had lived and died. After an anchoress died, her cell would have been opened and a grave would be dug under her cell. Carpenter may still be in that churchyard.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Carpenter is presumed to have died in Shere. In 1333 John de Stratford became the Archbishop of Canterbury. Carpenter's story has been used as the basis for a number of pieces of literature. Sir Arnold Wesker wrote a play called "Caritas" based, in part, on this story. She was also the subject of a 1993 British film, "Anchoress".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ascetical theology

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anchorite

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vestals (earlier, Roman parallel)

description: Anchoress or recluse in Shere, Kent, England

wikidata_label: Christina Carpenter

wikipedia_title: Christina Carpenter


text:
Westerburg
Bonn
Archbishop of Cologne
Runkel
consecrated
Lyon
Cologne
excommunication
Nörvenich
Peace of Pingsheim
Jülich
Brühl
town
Reinoud I
Guelders
War of the Limburg Succession
Battle of Worringen
Berg
John I
Brabant
Adolf VIII of Berg
Monheim
Schloss Burg
Lünen
Westhofen
Brackel
Werl
Menden
Vogt
Essen
Eberhard II
Count of the Mark
Deutz
Duchy of Limburg
Pope Nicholas IV
Mainz
Trier
Bonn
King of Germany
Adolf of Nassau
Dortmund
Duisburg
Essen
Aachen
Treaty of Andernach
Bonn Minster

categories: 1297 deaths,Dukes of Westphalia,Archbishop-Electors of Cologne,13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops

paragraph: Siegfried II of Westerburg

paragraph: Siegfried (or Sigfrid) II of Westerburg (before 1260 – 7 April 1297 in Bonn) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1275 to 1297.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Siegfried was the second son of Siegfried IV, Count of Runkel in Westerburg (died 1266). His older brother was Henry ("Heinrich") I of Westerburg (who would be killed at the Battle of Worringen in 1288).

paragraph: Siegfried was consecrated Archbishop of Cologne in March 1275 in Lyon. The city of Cologne since 1268 had been under excommunication, and was therefore deemed an unsuitable place for consecration. In July 1275, as the new Archbishop of Cologne, Siegfried lifted the city’s excommunication and signed a friendship treaty with the city. In October 1279 in Pingsheim (now part of Nörvenich), he concluded the Peace of Pingsheim with the Counts of Jülich. On 27 April 1285 he awarded Brühl, situated south of Cologne, town and market rights.

paragraph: Around 1283, Siegfried took the side of Count Reinoud I of Guelders in the War of the Limburg Succession. In July 1287, he freed the city of Cologne, after receiving a loyalty oath from its citizens, from paying duties to finance his war expenses in the Limburg succession conflict.

paragraph: His involvement in the Limburg succession dispute led to the Battle of Worringen on 5 June 1288. Siegfried lost the battle, which also involved citizens from Cologne led by Gerhard Overstolzen and from Berg under the leadership of Walter Dodds. Siegfried was taken prisoner by Duke John I of Brabant and delivered over to Count Adolf VIII of Berg. After first spending a night confined in the Schelmenturm at Monheim, he was subsequently brought to Schloss Burg.

paragraph: Siegfried was released on 6 July 1289 but had fallen ill during the time of his difficult captivity. He earlier had to conclude peace treaties with the victors of Worringen on 19 May 1289. He had to pay reparations of 12,000 marks (about three tons of silver) to the Count of Berg, cede areas (among others, Lünen with all episcopal rights, Westhofen, Brackel, Werl, Menden, Isenberg, and Raffenberg) and the (sub-) Vogtship over the Diocese of Essen to Eberhard II, Count of the Mark (who thereby benefited most from the victory at Worringen), pledge the town of Deutz and some castles, and tear down other castles like Worringen, Zons, and Volmarstein. The Duchy of Limburg was occupied Duke John I of Brabant.

paragraph: As a consequence of his defeat, on 18 June 1288 he had to recognize in a contract the sovereignty of the city' of Cologne. On 18 January 1290, however, Pope Nicholas IV relieved him of all the promises which he had given to Cologne. On 31 January the Pope even called for the Archbishops of Mainz and Trier to help Siegfried recover the Cologne Archbishopric’s possessions.

paragraph: After his release, the Elector preferred to make his residence in Bonn. The archbishop's mint in Cologne ceased operations and Siegfried made Bonn his new mint city. As a challenge to Cologne, he chose the name “Verona” for Bonn, and issued his coins with the inscription ""Beata Verona Vince"” (“You, Happy Verona will win"). In 1286 Siegfrid introduced the first town constitution in Bonn. It specified that the distinguished citizens ("oppidani maiores") should choose twelve suitable men, the best the city had to offer, whose decisions would be binding for the whole citizenry.

paragraph: In the upcoming election of the King of Germany in 1292, Siegfried favored Count Adolf of Nassau, his brother-in-law, to enable the Archbishop to recover from his vast concessions. In the Treaty of Andernach on 27 April 1292, Adolf of Nassau agreed to all of Siegfried’s demands, including the transfer to the Archbishopric of imperial cities like Dortmund and Duisburg, imperial castles and estates, and the Vogtship of Essen. On 5 May 1292, Siegfried saw to the successful election of Adolf of Nassau, and crowned him on 24 June 1292 in Aachen.

paragraph: Siegfrieds restoration policy, however, was doomed to fail, because of the opposition of the "Coalition of Worringen." He could neither restore the link between his Rhenish and Westphalian possessions, nor re-integrate the city of Cologne into the Diocese. Because of the non-fulfillment of the requirements of the Treaty of Andernach, the kingdom of Adolf of Nassau then collapsed as well.

paragraph: Siegfried died on 7 April 1297 in Bonn and was buried in the Bonn Minster.

description: German priest

wikidata_label: Siegfried II of Westerburg

wikipedia_title: Siegfried II of Westerburg


text:
British Guiana
Guyana
Great Britain
1928 Summer Olympics
1930 British Empire Games
sugar-planter
Trinity College School
Port Hope, Ontario
Geelong Grammar School
Royal Australian Air Force

categories: British male high jumpers,Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II,Olympic athletes of Great Britain,Alumni of the University of Oxford,Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics,People from Mahaica-Berbice,Athletes (track and field) at the 1930 British Empire Games,Guyanese male athletes,Guyanese people of British descent,Guyanese high jumpers,Commonwealth Games silver medallists for British Guiana,1907 births,1960 deaths,Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Colin Gordon (athlete)

paragraph: Colin Ernest Sutherland Gordon (24 December 1907 – 22 August 1960) was a high jumper from British Guiana (present-day Guyana). He competed for Great Britain at the 1928 Summer Olympics and finished in 17th place. At the 1930 British Empire Games he represented British Guiana and won the silver medal. Gordon was the son of John Richard Colin Gordon, a sugar-planter, and his wife Hilda Sloman.

paragraph: Gordon worked as a teacher at Trinity College School, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada for a year and in 1931 moved to Geelong Grammar School in Australia. During World War II he served as a Wing Commander with the Royal Australian Air Force. After demobilisation he became Headmaster of St. Peter's College in Adelaide, Australia, where he worked until his death in 1960.

description: British-Guyanese high jumper

wikidata_label: Colin Gordon

wikipedia_title: Colin Gordon (athlete)


text:
Schauenberg
Godfrey of Calw
Calw
Welf VI
Friedrich Barbarossa
All Saints' Abbey
Baden-Württemberg

categories: 12th-century women rulers,12th-century German people,Swabian nobility

paragraph: Uta of Schauenburg

paragraph: Uta of Schauenburg () was sovereign countess of Schauenberg from 1151 to 1197. She was the daughter of Godfrey of Calw (Gottfried von Calw) and was one of the richest heiresses in Germany. After her father's death a harsh succession war was solved in her favour by the nephew of her husband Welf VI, Friedrich Barbarossa in 1151. She was the founder of All Saints' Abbey in Baden-Württemberg.

description: German politician

wikidata_label: Uta of Schauenburg

wikipedia_title: Uta of Schauenburg


text:
Florence
Nicola Delli
Sansone Delli
Siena
Venice
Florence
John II of Castile
knight
Old Cathedral of Salamanca
Castel Nuovo

categories: Italian male painters,1400s births,People from Florence,15th-century Italian sculptors,Quattrocento painters,1470s deaths,Italian male sculptors

paragraph: Dello di Niccolò Delli

paragraph: Dello di Niccolò Delli ( 1403 – c. 1470), also known as Dello Delli, Dello di Niccolò and Dello, was an Italian sculptor and painter from Florence. His father was a tailor named Niccolò di Dello. Painters Nicola Delli and Sansone Delli were his less famous younger brothers.

paragraph: In 1424, Niccolò Delli was sentenced to death for abandoning his post and fled to Siena with his family. In 1427, the family fled again―this time to Venice. From 1430 to 1433, Dello is known to have been in Florence. From 1433 to 1445 he lived in Spain, working in the Court of King John II of Castile, where he was knighted. His works include the apse cycle in the Old Cathedral of Salamanca. In 1446 he probably worked at Naples in Castel Nuovo.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Condorelli, Adele, "Precisazioni su Dello Delli e su Nicola Fiorentino", Commentari 19/3 (1968), 197–211.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dizionario enciclopedico Bolaffi dei pittori e degli incisori italiani dall'XI al XX secolo", Turin, Giulio Bolaffi, 1972–1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thieme, Ulrich and Felix Becker, "Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart", Reprint of 1907 edition, Leipzig, Veb E.A. Seemann Verlag, 1980–1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vasari, Giorgio, "Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori", many editions and translations.

alias:
Dello di Niccolò
Dello Delli
Daniele Delli
Daniello Delli
Dello di Niccolo Delli
Dello di Niccolo

description: sculptor, painter, architect from Florence, Italy. Born 1403

wikidata_label: Dello di Niccolò Delli

wikipedia_title: Dello di Niccolò Delli


text:
Franciscan
Minister General
Western Schism
Cardinal
Venice
Gentile di Sangro
Adam Easton
Bartolomeo de Coturno
Marino Giudice
Pope Urban VI
Biography
Franaut page

categories: Bishops of Belluno,Italian Friars Minor,Italian cardinals,Year of birth unknown,14th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1386 deaths,14th-century Italian people

paragraph: Ludovico Donato

paragraph: Ludovico Donato (died 1385 or 1386) was an Italian Franciscan. He became Minister General of his order, of the Rome obedience during the Western Schism, in 1379. In 1383 he was created a Cardinal, the first ever from Venice.

paragraph: He was arrested with four other cardinals in 1385 (Gentile di Sangro, Adam Easton, Bartolomeo de Coturno, and Marino Giudice), suspected of conspiring against Pope Urban VI. They were imprisoned and tortured. Donato is believed to have been executed around January 1386.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franaut page

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Ludovico Donato

wikipedia_title: Ludovico Donato


text:
Mossad
Adolf Eichmann
Frankfurt (Oder)
Germany
Mandatory Palestine
Nazi hunter
Buenos Aires

categories: Israeli Jews,People of the Mossad,German Jews,2012 deaths,People from the Province of Brandenburg,1921 births,German emigrants to Mandatory Palestine,People from Frankfurt (Oder)

paragraph: Zvi Aharoni

paragraph: Zvi Aharoni (; February 6, 1921 – May 26, 2012) was an Israeli Mossad agent instrumental in the capture of Adolf Eichmann.

paragraph: Hermann Arndt (later Zvi Aharoni) was born in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany. He emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1938 as a boy. After serving in the British Army, he joined the Israeli secret service and spent 20 years as a Nazi hunter. He was the Mossad agent who identified "Ricardo Klement" as Eichmann.

paragraph: Aharoni flew to Buenos Aires and tracked down the family’s house in a remote neighborhood on the outskirts of town. On March 19, 1960, he spotted Eichmann. In his account of the capture, Aharoni wrote: "I saw him about two o'clock in the afternoon...a man of medium size and build, about fifty years old, with a high forehead and partially bald, collecting the washing." His assistant photographed Eichmann using a camera hidden in a bag.

paragraph: After retiring from the Mossad in the 1970s, Aharoni became a businessman in Hong Kong and China before settling in Devon, England, with his second wife Valerie, his first wife having died in 1973. At his death in 2012, aged 91, he was survived by Valerie and by a son and daughter from his previous marriage.

description: Israeli Mossad agent

wikidata_label: Zvi Aharoni

wikipedia_title: Zvi Aharoni


text:
German
coxswain
1928 Summer Olympics
1932 Summer Olympics
1936 Summer Olympics
eight event
repechage
eight event
coxed four competition

wikipedia_title: Rowing at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's eight

wikipedia_title: Rowing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's eight

wikipedia_title: Rowing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four

categories: 1992 deaths,German male rowers,Olympic medalists in rowing,Coxswains (rowing),Rowers at the 1928 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1936 Summer Olympics,Olympic gold medalists for Germany,Olympic rowers of Germany,Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics,1906 births,Rowers at the 1932 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Fritz Bauer (rowing)

paragraph: Fritz Bauer (23 June 1906 – 19 September 1992) was a German coxswain who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics, in the 1932 Summer Olympics, and in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: In 1928 he coxed the German boat which finished fifth after being eliminated in the quarter-finals of the eight event. Four years later he was again the coxswain of the German boat which was eliminated in the repechage of the eight event. In 1936 he won the gold medal as coxswain of the German boat in the coxed four competition.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fritz Bauer's profile at databaseOlympics.com

description: German rower

wikidata_label: Fritz Bauer

wikipedia_title: Fritz Bauer (rowing)


text:
Margrave of Montferrat
Theodore I of Montferrat
Otto of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Angevins
Piedmont
Savoy
Asti
Robert, King of Naples
Joanna I
Battle of Gamenario
Reforza d'Angoult
Luchino Visconti
Alba
Bra
Valenza
Cuneo
Emperor Charles IV
Italy
Cherasco
Novara
Pavia
Queen of Majorca
Isabella
Visconti
Amadeus VI of Savoy
Secondotto
John III
Theodore II
Margaret
Volpiano
Chivasso

categories: 1372 deaths,1321 births,Palaiologos dynasty,14th-century Italian people

paragraph: John II, Marquess of Montferrat

paragraph: John II Palaeologus (5 February 1321 – 19 March 1372) was the Margrave of Montferrat from 1338.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: John was the son of Theodore I of Montferrat, with whom he was associated in the government from 1336. He had great fortune in extending the boundaries of the margraviate against his neighbours. With the help of his cousin Otto of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, John turned against the Angevins of Naples, who had large possessions in Piedmont and Savoy. On 9 October 1338, he was named governor of Asti.

paragraph: In 1343, when Robert, King of Naples died and his young granddaughter Joanna I took the crown, John took the opportunity to expand his control in northern Italy. By 1344, he had conquered Alessandria, Asti, Tortona, Bra and Alba. On 22 April 1345, at the Battle of Gamenario, he defeated the Angevine vicar Reforza d'Angoult, who died in the battle. With the tacit support of Luchino Visconti, John occupied Alba, Bra, Valenza and, in 1348, Cuneo. His power grew in 1355 when he accompanied the Emperor Charles IV through Italy. At that time he received the cities of Cherasco, Novara and Pavia.

paragraph: By a marriage to the last titular Queen of Majorca, Isabella, he lost the support of the emperor and had to fend off attacks from imperial and Visconti troops. This conflict concluded with restitution of territory around Pavia occupied by John to the Visconti in exchange for Visconti possessions in the area of Asti. John lost many vassals to the Visconti. In his will of 1372, John left the tutelage of his children to Otto of Brunswick and Amadeus VI of Savoy. He had four sons, three of whom succeeded him in turn, and a daughter with his wife Isabella (Secondotto, John III, Theodore II, Margaret and William). John died at Volpiano near Turin soon after composing his testament and was buried at Chivasso.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: br

description: Marquess of Montferrat

wikidata_label: John II, Marquess of Montferrat

wikipedia_title: John II, Marquess of Montferrat


text:
marchioness of Bodonitsa
Albert Pallavicini
Catalan Company
destrier
Lombard
Verona
Fourth Crusade
Gaetano dalle Carceri
Euboea
Guglielma
victory at Halmyros
Andrea Cornaro

categories: 14th-century Italian people,Marquesses of Bodonitsa,Dalle Carceri family,14th-century Greek women,1323 deaths,Year of birth unknown,House of Cornaro,14th-century women rulers,14th-century Greek people,14th-century Italian women,Christians of the Crusades,Triarchs of Negroponte

paragraph: Maria dalle Carceri

paragraph: Maria dalle Carceri (died 1323) was sovereign marchioness of Bodonitsa from 1311 until 1323. She succeeded her late spouse Albert Pallavicini on his death in 1311. While she avoided submitting her principality to the Catalan Company, she could not avoid paying an annual tribute of four destriers.

paragraph: Maria was descended from a Lombard family of Verona that had come to Greece on the Fourth Crusade. She was a daughter of Gaetano dalle Carceri and heiress of a sixth of Euboea. She married Albert and their daughter Guglielma split the inheritance with her. Considering the recent Catalan victory at Halmyros, Maria desired to marry again quickly to a man who would protect hers and her daughter's possessions. She married Andrea Cornaro and Guglielma inherited the whole marquisate on his death.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Setton, Kenneth M. (general editor) "A History of the Crusades: Volume III — The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries". Harry W. Hazard, editor. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, 1975.

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Maria dalle Carceri

wikipedia_title: Maria dalle Carceri


text:
Tuscan
Arezzo
Mannerist
Matteo Lappoli
Domenico Pecori
Pontormo
Perin del Vaga
Rome
Parmigianino
Rosso Fiorentino
Badia di Sante Fiore e Lucilla
Sack of Rome
Montepulciano
Vite
Giorgio Vasari

categories: Mannerist painters,Italian male painters,People from Arezzo,1492 births,15th-century Italian painters,16th-century Italian painters,Tuscan painters,1552 deaths

paragraph: Giovanni Antonio Lappoli

paragraph: Giovanni Antonio Lappoli (1492–1552) was a Tuscan painter from Arezzo who painted in a Mannerist style.

paragraph: He was the son of the painter Matteo Lappoli. Originally trained with Domenico Pecori, but later assisted Pontormo in 1514. In 1524-7, he worked with Perin del Vaga in Rome. He became acquainted with both Parmigianino and Rosso Fiorentino. In 1524, Lappoli executed some frescoes, based on cartoons the latter had provided him, for a "Visitation" for Badia di Sante Fiore e Lucilla in 1524, an "Adoration of the Magi" for the church of San Francisco. In Rome, he was

paragraph: patronized by Clement VII, but he fled back to Arezzo with the Sack of Rome in 1527. He painted an "Allegory of Original Sin" in Montepulciano (1545). He is one of the artists featured in the "Vite" by fellow Arrezan Giorgio Vasari.

description: painter

wikidata_label: Giovanni Antonio Lappoli

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Antonio Lappoli


text:
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
Dorival Caymmi
Stella Maris
Venezuela
Gilberto Aponte Paoli
divorce
Tropicalia
Gilberto Gil
Festival Internacional da Canção
Gal Costa
protest song
Portuguese language
EMI
gold album
APCA
Dori Caymmi
Danilo Caymmi
Latin Grammy Award for Best MPB Album

categories: 1941 births,Brazilian contraltos,Brazilian female singers,Living people,Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)

paragraph: Nana Caymmi

paragraph: Nana Caymmi (b. Dinahir Tostes Caymmi, April 29, 1941) is a Brazilian singer.

paragraph: Caymmi was born in Rio de Janeiro, the daughter of Dorival Caymmi and Stella Maris. Her first appearance on record was on her father's album "Acalanto". She married Venezuelan doctor Gilberto Aponte Paoli and moved there in 1959. She and her husband divorced in 1966, at which time she moved back to Rio. At this time she became involved with the Tropicalia movement; she became romantically involved with Gilberto Gil, whom she married in 1967 and divorced the year thereafter. In 1966 she sang "Saveiros" at the first Festival Internacional da Canção in Rio, and won first place in the national phase of the competition, despite boos from the crowd, who preferred Gal Costa's rendition of Gil's "Minha Senhora".

paragraph: Caymmi became a controversial figure, not at home in the Tropicalia scene nor in the protest song movement. Only marginally successful, she found work singing in Portuguese language nightclubs outside of Brazil in South America. In the 1980s, she recorded several albums for EMI and appeared in the 1983 documentary "Bahia de Todos os Sambas". In the 1990s, she became more successful in the mainstream with her album "Bolero", which was her first of several gold albums. In 1995 and 1998, she was named Best Female Singer of the Year by the APCA. In 2010, the French film director Georges Gachot released a documentary film, "Rio Sonata", about Caymmi.

paragraph: Her 2013 album, "Caymmi", with brothers Dori Caymmi and Danilo Caymmi, was nominated for the 2014 Latin Grammy Award for Best MPB Album.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Acalanto" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nana" (1967) (see footnote)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nana Caymmi (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ponta de areia" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Renascer" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nana" (1977) (see footnote)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Atrás da porta" (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Se queres saber" (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contrato de separação" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nana Caymmi" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mudança dos ventos" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "E a gente nem deu nome" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Voz e suor" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chora Brasileira" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perola" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nana" (1988) (see footnote)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "So Louco" (with Wagner Tiso) (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bolero" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A noite do meu bem: As canções de Dolores Duran" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nana, Doroval, Dori e Danilo Caymmi - Caymmi em Família" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meus momentos" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Série brilhantes" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alma serena" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No coração do rio" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Resposta ao tempo" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beijo partido" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Os maiores sucessos de novela de Nana Caymmi" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alma Serena" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sangre de mi alma" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Em Buenos Aires" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Desejo" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O mar e o tempo" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duetos" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No coracao do Rio ao vivo" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Para Caymmi, de Nana, Dori e Danilo: 90 anos" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Até Pensei" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fonte das cancoes" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Falando de amor - Familias Caymmi e Jobim cantam Antonio Carlos Jobim" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Especial" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quem Inventou o Amor" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sem poupar coracao" (2009)

paragraph: Note: There are three different albums titled 'Nana' (1967, 1977, 1988)

description: Brazilian singer

wikidata_label: Nana Caymmi

wikipedia_title: Nana Caymmi


text:
Cieszyn
Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn
Gotthard Kettler
Duke of Courland
Baltzar Exner
Catholicism
Jesuit
Munich
Archduke Charles of Habsburg
Bishop of Wrocław
Karl of Liechtenstein
Opava
Krnov
George of Oppersdorf
Opole
Racibórz
Elizabeth Lucretia
plague
Thirty Years' War
Skoczów
Lisowczycy
John George, Elector of Brandenburg
Charles Hannibal of Dohna
Catholics
Protestants
Spanish Netherlands
Cologne
Dominican
Cieszyn
Emperor Ferdinand III
Vienna
Genealogy of the Dukes of Cieszyn
Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan

categories: 1625 deaths,1601 births,Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism,Dukes of Teschen,Piast dynasty

paragraph: Frederick William, Duke of Cieszyn

paragraph: Frederick William of Cieszyn (, , ; 9 November 1601 – 19 August 1625) was a Duke of Cieszyn since 1617 until his death.

paragraph: He was the third but only surviving son of Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn, by his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Gotthard Kettler, Duke of Courland. His mother died from childbirth complications ten days after his birth, on 19 November 1602.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Since his early years, Frederick William's education was entrusted to the Silesian humanist Baltzar Exner. In 1611 Duke Adam Wenceslaus decided to convert to the Catholicism, and all the Protestant members of his court were dismissed, among them also Exner. Frederick William was then sent to the Jesuits in Munich.

paragraph: On 13 July 1617 Duke Adam Wenceslaus died and was succeeded by Frederick William. Despite this, the young Duke remained in Munich until 1624. On his behalf, the authority over the Duchy was exercised by a Regency council, which included Archduke Charles of Habsburg, Bishop of Wrocław, Karl of Liechtenstein, Duke of Opava and Krnov and George of Oppersdorf, Starost of Opole-Racibórz. However, the real power in Cieszyn was held by the Duke's sister, Elizabeth Lucretia.

paragraph: During the 1620s a plague infected Cieszyn and many citizens died. The Duchy was also affected by the Thirty Years' War and plundered by various forces. In 1620 Skoczów was destroyed by the Lisowczycy troops, who recognized Protestant inhabitants of this city as their enemies. In 1621, Cieszyn was severely destroyed by the Imperial troops stationed here under the command of Colonel Charles Spinelli. Finally, in 1622 Cieszyn was the battlefield in the fight between the Protestants troops of John George, Elector of Brandenburg, and the Catholics forces led by Charles Hannibal of Dohna.

paragraph: In religious sphere he was tolerant and avoided restrictions towards both Catholics and Protestants.

paragraph: The beginning of Frederick William's independent rule in 1624 didn't bring any relief to the Duchy; moreover, soon afterwards (in early 1625), he left Cieszyn and went to serve the Emperor in the Spanish Netherlands, where he obtained the post of military Commander of the district. During this journey, the Duke became suddenly ill and died on 19 August 1625 in Cologne. Frederick Wilhelm was buried in the Dominican church in Cieszyn.

paragraph: Frederick William never married, and only left an illegitimate daughter, "Maria Magdalena" (b. - d. ), who was legitimized by Emperor Ferdinand III and created "Baroness of Hohenstein" by Imperial order at Vienna on 8 May 1640. She married firstly with Tluck of Toschonowitz, marshal of the Cieszyn castle, and after his death, with Nicholas Rudzki.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of the Dukes of Cieszyn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan

description: Duke of Cieszyn

wikidata_label: Frederick William

wikipedia_title: Frederick William, Duke of Cieszyn


text:
prelate
Roman Catholic Church
Bishop of Luxembourg
Schleiderhof
Echternach
Luxembourg
Innsbruck
ordained
Licentiate in Theology
sacred art
Seminary
canon
Luxembourg Cathedral
Hubert Schumacher
World War II
Gestapo
Coadjutor bishop
Titular bishop
Pope Pius XII
episcopal consecration
Fernando Cardinal Cento
Joseph Philippe
SCI
Bishop of Luxembourg
Second Vatican Council
diocese
Bishop Jean Hengen
crypt
Catholic-Hierarchy

categories: 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Luxembourgian Roman Catholic bishops,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,1893 births,1978 deaths

paragraph: Léon Lommel

paragraph: Léon Lommel (3 February 1893 – 11 June 1978) was a Luxembourgian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Luxembourg from 1956 to 1971.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Léon Lommel was born in Schleiderhof, as the son of a farmer. He studied in Echternach, Luxembourg, Rome, and Innsbruck, where he was ordained to the priesthood on 13 July 1919. Lommel later obtained his doctorate in philosophy and Licentiate in Theology, and taught philosophy and sacred art at the Seminary of Luxembourg.

paragraph: As a canon of Luxembourg Cathedral, he worked with architect Hubert Schumacher on its expansion from 1935 to 1938. During World War II, he was sent to France after being interrogated by the Gestapo; he worked in reconstructing his country's churches and chapels after returning there following the end of the war.

paragraph: On 14 May 1949 Lommel was appointed Coadjutor bishop of Luxembourg and Titular bishop of "Nephelis" by Pope Pius XII, receiving his episcopal consecration on the following 29 June from Fernando Cardinal Cento.

paragraph: He later succeeded Joseph Philippe, SCI, as the seventh Bishop of Luxembourg upon the latter's death on 21 October 1956. From 1962 to 1965, Lommel attended the Second Vatican Council, in which he was an enthusiastic and engaged participant. The elderly Bishop retired on 13 February 1971, after fifteen years of service, passing on the governance of the diocese to his coadjutor, Bishop Jean Hengen.

paragraph: Lommel died later died at the age of 85. He is buried in the crypt of the Cathedral of Luxembourg.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Léon Lommel

wikipedia_title: Léon Lommel


text:
Malagasy
footballer
centre back
JS Saint-Pierroise

categories: Expatriate footballers in Seychelles,Malagasy expatriate footballers,Madagascar international footballers,Association football central defenders,1985 births,Arras Football Association players,Expatriate footballers in France,Malagasy footballers,Malagasy expatriate sportspeople in France,CS Avion players,JS Saint-Pierroise players,2019 Africa Cup of Nations players,Living people,Calais RUFC players,St Michel United FC players

paragraph: Pascal Razakanantenaina

paragraph: Pascal Razakanantenaina (born 19 April 1987) is a Malagasy footballer who plays as a centre back for JS Saint-Pierroise.

description: Malagasy footballer

wikidata_label: Pascal Razakanantenaina

wikipedia_title: Pascal Razakanantenaina


text:
American football
linebacker
National Football League
college football
Penn State
San Francisco 49ers
2010 NFL Draft
Oakland Raiders
District Heights, Maryland
boys and girls club
Suitland High School
Forestville, Maryland
tackles
sacks
fumble
touchdown
running back
Larry Johnson, Sr.
Penn State Nittany Lions football
Pennsylvania State University
redshirt
Illinois
All-America
Dan Connor
Sean Lee
Temple
interception
2009 Rose Bowl
Andy Katzenmoyer
2010 NFL Draft
San Francisco 49ers
Patrick Willis
Takeo Spikes
All-Pro
Patrick Willis
NFC West
eventual Super Bowl champ
New York Giants
NFC Championship Game
Pro Bowl
All-Pro
Associated Press
NFL Network
Top 100 Players of 2012
Super Bowl XLVII
Baltimore Ravens
Monday Night Football
Candlestick Park
Matt Ryan
Green Bay Packers
Carolina Panthers
NFC Championship Game
Super Bowl XLVIII
ACL
MCL
NFL Top 100 Players of 2016
Dallas Cowboys
achilles tendon
Indianapolis Colts
Oakland Raiders
Denver Broncos
Paxton Lynch
Ken Norton Jr.
Seahawks'
Jermaine Kearse
LaVar Arrington
Washington Redskins
San Francisco 49ers bio
Penn State Nittany Lions bio

categories: African-American players of American football,Sportspeople from the Washington metropolitan area,1988 births,Players of American football from Washington, D.C.,San Francisco 49ers players,Penn State Nittany Lions football players,Oakland Raiders players,American football linebackers,National Conference Pro Bowl players,People from District Heights, Maryland,Players of American football from Maryland,Living people

paragraph: NaVorro Bowman

paragraph: NaVorro Roderick Bowman (born May 28, 1988) is a currentAmerican football linebacker who has played eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL).He signed a one day contract with the San Francisco 49ers, so he may retire as a part of that team. His final game will be against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in August 9, 2019. He will then retire as a 49er. He played college football at Penn State, and was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He has also played a season for the Oakland Raiders.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Bowman was born in District Heights, Maryland on May 28, 1988. He started sports at a young age and was a member of District Heights boys and girls club, where he played both basketball and football and was invited to many All-star Events. Bowman was a standout player at Suitland High School in Forestville, Maryland. He missed most of his senior season with a shoulder injury, but he had a very impressive junior campaign in which he recorded 165 tackles, 9 sacks, and 3 fumble recoveries as a linebacker and ran for 1,200 yards and 22 touchdowns as a running back. He was named the Maryland Defensive Player-of-the-Year, first-team All-State, "Washington Post" first-team All-Met and first-team All-Conference. He was recruited to Penn State by Larry Johnson, Sr.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Bowman played for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team while attending Pennsylvania State University from 2006 to 2009.

paragraph: After redshirting the 2006 season, Bowman played in nine games in 2007. He missed two games due to a sprained ankle suffered in a game against Illinois. He recorded 16 tackles, with a sack, a forced fumble, a fumble recovery, a blocked kick, and a pass breakup that season.

paragraph: Bowman saw increased playing time in 2008, largely due to the graduation of All-American linebacker Dan Connor and injury to presumptive starter Sean Lee. Despite the attrition, however, Bowman kept the Nittany Lions ranked in the top ten among three primary defensive categories. Individually, Bowman led the Nittany Lions in total tackles (106), solos (61), and assisted tackles (45), was second in tackles for loss (16.5) and tied for third in sacks (4.0). He also forced two fumbles, recovered a fumble, grabbed an interception and had five pass breakups.

paragraph: His first start came in week four versus Temple. He recorded 11 tackles, including five tackles for loss and three sacks, a forced fumble and an interception in the 45-3 win and was named Big Ten Co-Defensive Player of the Week.

paragraph: He finished the season with a heavy heart and an outstanding performance. Bowman played against Southern California in the 2009 Rose Bowl one day after his high school coach, Nick Lynch, was killed in an automobile accident in Maryland. Bowman responded by breaking the school's bowl record with five tackles for loss (minus-21 yards), and tying the Rose Bowl record set by Ohio State's Andy Katzenmoyer in the 1997 game. He also recorded his fourth sack of the season among his eight tackles (seven solo) against the Trojans. For his superb efforts against USC, Bowman was selected to ESPN.com's 2008-09 All-Bowl team, one of two Big Ten players named to the squad.

paragraph: At season's end, he was named a first-team All-Big Ten selection.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maryland Defensive PoY (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maryland All-State (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Washington Post" All-Met (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Big Ten Defensive PoW (September 20, 2008), (November 14, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- All-Big Ten (2008)

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On January 4, 2010, Bowman's mother announced his decision to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and enter the 2010 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2010 season: Rookie year.

paragraph: On the second day of the 2010 NFL Draft, Bowman was selected in the third round with the 91st overall pick by the San Francisco 49ers. Bowman played in all 16 games in 2010, starting one in place of Patrick Willis, who was ruled out for Week 17 after undergoing a second surgery on his broken right hand. Bowman finished his rookie year with 46 tackles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2011 season.

paragraph: In his second NFL season, Bowman became the starter at inside linebacker with the departure of Takeo Spikes to free agency. Starting all 16 games and playing alongside All-Pro linebacker Patrick Willis, Bowman made huge strides and finished the year with 143 tackles, two sacks, eight pass deflections, and three fumble recoveries. In addition, he was also the team leader in tackles, while finishing second in the NFL in solo tackles. With the emergence in Bowman's play, he helped a top-ranked 49ers defense set a NFL single-season record of not allowing a rushing touchdown for 14 games. The previous record was held by the 1920 Decatur Staleys, who did not allow a rushing touchdown in a 13-game season. The 49ers finished with a 13–3 record for an NFC West pennant but lost to the eventual Super Bowl champ New York Giants 17–20 in the NFC Championship Game in overtime. Although he was not voted to the Pro Bowl for his stellar season, he was named to the First-Team All-Pro by the Associated Press. He was also voted No. 85 on NFL Network's Top 100 Players of 2012, which recognizes performance from the previous season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2012 season.

paragraph: In his third season, Bowman and the 49ers appeared in Super Bowl XLVII. In the game, he had nine combined tackles as the 49ers fell to the Baltimore Ravens by a score of 31–34.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2013 season.

paragraph: For the third time, Bowman earned First-Team All-Pro honors and was fifth in the league in tackles with 145. On December 23, 2013, live on "Monday Night Football", Bowman scored the last touchdown ever at Candlestick Park, intercepting a Matt Ryan pass and returning it 89 yards for a touchdown with just over a minute left. For the 2013 season, Bowman made 16 starts with 145 tackles, five sacks, two interceptions, nine passes defended, six forced fumbles, and two fumble recoveries.

paragraph: Bowman and the 49ers finished the 2013 season with a 12–4 record. The 49ers defeated the Green Bay Packers 23–20 in the Wild Card round of the playoffs in which Bowman had 10 tackles, and a forced fumble. In the divisional round of the playoffs, they defeated the Carolina Panthers 23–10 behind a strong performance by Bowman, who recorded 11 tackles and 1 sack. San Francisco played the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Championship Game, with the winner gaining the right to represent the conference in Super Bowl XLVIII. In the fourth quarter of that game, Bowman suffered a serious injury, tearing the ACL and MCL in his left knee. The 49ers went on to lose the game 23-17.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2014 season.

paragraph: Bowman's injury caused him to miss the entire 2014 season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2015 season.

paragraph: In 2015, Bowman returned from his knee injury that had kept him out for the previous season. There was significant concern about his health going into 2015, but he started all 16 games for the 49ers. He finished the season with a career-high and league-leading 154 tackles, making his third Pro Bowl appearance and his fourth First-Team All-Pro appearance. He also accounted for 2.5 sacks and two passes defensed. He was ranked 61st on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2016 season.

paragraph: During a Week 4 game against the Dallas Cowboys, Bowman fell down, gripping the lower back end of his left foot. MRI tests later revealed that Bowman had a torn achilles tendon, causing him to miss the rest of the 2016 season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2017 season.

paragraph: In Week 5 of the 2017 season, Bowman was benched for a few series, and later voiced his displeasure with the decision from the 23–26 overtime loss to the Indianapolis Colts. On October 13, 2017, Bowman was released from the 49ers at his request after the team was unable to trade him.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.

paragraph: On October 16, 2017, Bowman signed a one-year, $3 million contract with the Oakland Raiders. During Week 12 against the Denver Broncos, Bowman intercepted a pass from quarterback Paxton Lynch in the end zone, giving the Raiders their first interception of the year after not having one in their first 11 weeks under defensive coordinator Ken Norton Jr. The Raiders eventually won the game by a score of 21-14.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Retirement.

paragraph: On June 4, 2019, Bowman announced his retirement from the NFL and retired symbolically with the 49ers.

paragraph: Section::::"NaVorro Bowman Rule".

paragraph: On the play which he suffered his season-ending injury, Bowman stripped Seahawks' wide receiver Jermaine Kearse of the ball near the goal line, and appeared to take over possession. However, the officials ruled the ball to be in possession of the Seahawks. Under the instant replay conditions at the time, the officials were not permitted to take a second look. On March 26, 2014, team owners approved a change that would allow the referees to review the recovery of a loose ball. A similar proposal to allow coaches to question any recovery using one of their challenges was voted down.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bowman graduated with a degree in crime, law, and justice.

paragraph: Bowman speaks frequently by phone with former Nittany Lion linebacker LaVar Arrington. The two first met during Arrington's stint with the Washington Redskins, when Bowman was playing at nearby Suitland High School. This friendship, along with their similarity in playing styles, has earned Bowman the nickname "LaVorro".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Francisco 49ers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penn State Nittany Lions bio

alias:
NaVorro Roderick Bowman
Navarra Bowman

description: American football player, linebacker

wikidata_label: NaVorro Bowman

wikipedia_title: NaVorro Bowman


text: carcinologist

text: American Museum of Natural History

text: American Society of Zoologists

text: Cranston, Rhode Island

text: Pembroke College

text: Brown University

text: Milton Academy

text: Radcliffe College

text: John Henry Welsh

text: Gecarcinus lateralis

text: American Museum of Natural History

text: Albert Einstein College of Medicine

text: City University of New York

text: University of Rhode Island

text: Bermuda

text: Bimini

text: Academic Press

text: National Science Foundation

text: American Zoologist

text: Journal of Experimental Zoology

text: General and Comparative Endocrinology

text: Natural History

text: Columbia University Press

text: Doctor of Science

text: Lewis Kleinholz

text: American Society of Zoologists

text: Wakefield, Rhode Island

text: Rhode Island Hospital

text: Works by Dorothy Bliss

text: Biodiversity Heritage Library

categories: People associated with the American Museum of Natural History,Pembroke College in Brown University alumni,20th-century women scientists,American carcinologists,American women biologists,1987 deaths,University of Rhode Island faculty,People from South Kingstown, Rhode Island,American endocrinologists,Radcliffe College alumni,Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,People from Cranston, Rhode Island,Women zoologists,1916 births,American curators

paragraph: Dorothy Bliss

paragraph: Dorothy Elizabeth Bliss (February 13, 1916 – December 26, 1987) was an American carcinologist and curator of invertebrates at the American Museum of Natural History, with which she was associated for over 30 years. She was known as a pioneer in the field of hormonal control in crustaceans. She was editor-in-chief of the 10-volume series "The Biology of Crustacea", and author of the popular book "Shrimps, Lobsters and Crabs". She served as president of the American Society of Zoologists and was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Bliss was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, to parents Orville Thayer and Sophia Topham Bliss ("née" Farnell). She attended Pembroke College (now Brown University), earning a bachelor's degree in 1937 and a master's degree in 1942. She taught at Milton Academy in Massachusetts from 1942 to 1949, and was a teaching fellow at Radcliffe College from 1947 to 1951 while performing doctoral research in the lab of John Henry Welsh. Her dissertation research focused on the neural and hormonal structures in the eye stalks of the land crab "Gecarcinus lateralis", a species which she would study in the lab and field throughout her career. She earned a PhD in 1952 from Radcliffe, and continued as a research fellow until 1955.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1956 Bliss joined the staff of the American Museum of Natural History in New York as assistant curator of invertebrates, becoming associate curator in 1962 and curator in 1967. From 1974 to 1977 she served as chair the department of fossils and living invertebrates. She retired in 1980, becoming curator emerita until 1987. Bliss also held several teaching positions, including anatomy professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine (1956–1964), adjunct biology professor at City University of New York (1971–1980), and adjunct zoology professor at the University of Rhode Island (1980–1987).

paragraph: Bliss was known as a pioneer in the field of crustacean hormonal control. She was among the first to establish the role of the X-organ-sinus gland complex in hormone secretion, She performed laboratory studies on molting, and salt and water balance, and field research in Florida, Bermuda, and Bimini, studying aspects such as land crab burrowing and spawning and the impact of moisture different species distributions. She produced over 40 scientific papers, and was editor-in-chief of "The Biology of Crustacea" (Academic Press) an influential 10-volume work begun in 1977 and continuing until 1986. Her research was supported by the National Science Foundation from 1957 through 1978.

paragraph: She was on the editorial boards of several journals, including "American Zoologist", "", "Journal of Experimental Zoology", "General and Comparative Endocrinology", as well as the popular science magazine "Natural History".

paragraph: In 1982 she published "Shrimps, Lobsters and Crabs" (New Century Publishers), a book for the general public. It was reprinted by Columbia University Press with a new introduction in 1990. She received an honorary Doctor of Science from Brown University in 1972, and a symposium honoring her and fellow invertebrate zoologist Lewis Kleinholz was held at the annual meeting of the American Society of Zoologists in 1983. The Crustacean Society bestowed upon her their Excellence in Research Award in 1987.

paragraph: In her later years, Bliss lived in Wakefield, Rhode Island. She died of cancer at Rhode Island Hospital in Providence on December 26, 1987, at the age of 71.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by Dorothy Bliss at Biodiversity Heritage Library

alias:
Dorothy Elizabeth Bliss
Dorothy E. Bliss

description: invertebrate zoologist

wikidata_label: Dorothy Bliss

wikipedia_title: Dorothy Bliss


text: River

text: Rennes

text: Jurisconsult

text: Proudhon

text: What Is Property?

text: Caen

text: Rennes

text: Loncle

text: Auguste-Marie Poullain-Duparc

text: University of Rennes

text: Oxford

text: Cambridge

text: Jean-Denis Lanjuinais

text: Isaac the Hatter

text: Jean Victor Marie Moreau

text: Félix Julien Jean Bigot husband

text: Fermon

text: Montesquieu

text: French

text: Voltaire

text: terror (French Revolution)

text: Manor of Saint-Armel

text: Bruz

text: Ille-et-Vilaine

text: emigrants

text: Britain

text: Jean-Marie Emmanuel Legraverend

text: Jacques-Joseph Corbière

text: Dean

text: Victor Proudhon

text: Dijon

text: Medal of honor

text: rue Toullier

text: 5th arrondissement of Paris

text: Paris law school

text: Sorbonne

text: Paris

text: Martin Jouaust

text: Jean-Baptiste Duvergier

text: Naples

text: Charles-Pierre-Paul Paulmier

text: Eugène Roch

text: the lead

text: Spinnael

text: Brussels

text: Ghent

text: Lille

text: demand

paragraph: Charles Bonaventure Marie Toullier

paragraph: Charles Bonaventure Marie Toullier, born 21 January 1752 in River, died in Rennes on 19 September 1835, was a French Jurisconsult. He is cited significantly in Proudhon's seminal work "What Is Property?".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The period of the Ancien Régime.

paragraph: Raised by his mother, he went to secondary school in Caen, then studied at the University of Rennes, whose faculty includes then Messrs. Loncle, Drouin, Loisel, Auguste-Marie Poullain-Duparc. He earned his doctorate at twenty-five, December 28, 1776, then April 12, 1778, through the competition, the title of associate professor at the University of Rennes. He then completed his studies in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, where he draws some ideas of legislation compared, that he would later use. He held his Professorship until the Revolution, while spend several famous become men in Rennes: Jean-Denis Lanjuinais Lanjuinais]], Professor of canon law, Isaac the Hatter The Chapellier]], Jean Victor Marie Moreau, simple student in law; Félix Julien Jean Bigot husband Husband Bigot]] and Fermon.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The French Revolution.

paragraph: Patriot 1789, it is not without pleasure beginnings like most lawyers, trained in the school of Montesquieu, French and Voltaire and the English representative system and the principles of 1789 Toullier of district administrator for some time, but is soon dismisses its functions. During the terror (French Revolution) Terror]], he is very dedicated to his brother, priest not sworn, pursued by Carrier and tracked down pension in retirement. He bought the Manor of Saint-Armel in Bruz.

paragraph: He became a judge of the Court of Ille-et-Vilaine, then comes back to the bar and defended before the courts and councils of war several accused for political reasons. 1799, its name is carried on a list of hostages to the exile and detention, but he is saved by the coup d'état of 18 brumaire. Of many disputes between the State and the families of emigrants are referred to arbitration.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The Napoleonic period.

paragraph: Appointed Professor in the reorganization of the University, he wished the Chair of Roman law, but gets French right. Despite this disappointment, this has earned us the remarkable book composed by him, and his notebooks, written for his classes, contained the germ.

paragraph: 1811 (it was almost sixty years), he began the publication of his book, and he received his appointment to the deanery, with a flattering letter of Fontanes, then grand master of the University. We know that political views have always raised many storms in Britain, and especially in Rennes.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The restoration.

paragraph: Toullier life remains dedicated to his duties as a professor and the completion of this important work. She is troubled by a mishap to which he devoted a quite strong preface placed in front of its eighth volume.

paragraph: 1816, students used tablets of wood to collect notes, following the course. Was found on these shelves of rebus species, initial letters that could explain in several senses, which was infinitely criminal (it's even Toullier who says). The police was educated early teachers; the tablets were seized and it punishes the guilty judged student. Toullier realized that's the Commission of public instruction, to which the report of the Commissioner of police was sent. 31 December 1816, she made a decree which suspended his duties as Dean Toullier, "" seen wearing minutes he had found in the audiences of the Faculty of law of the injurious inscriptions to the legitimate Government, and waited. "the students were not properly monitored and that he not them had not been inspired feelings such as the State was entitled to expect".

paragraph: An order on February 5, 1817 named a commission to inform against the guilty students. The King reserved to know his will against the teachers. An inspector was sent to Rennes; the denouncements were made against teachers. A Committee of some people was consulted, and all was finished by a report in which Toullier was not criminalized, but Jean-Marie Emmanuel Legraverend was dismissed February 12, 1817. Then Jacques-Joseph Corbière Corbiere]], who then was Minister of the Interior, was presented for the vacant Chair. «"We had always wanted, said Toullier, see Mr. of Corbiere among us.» He is a student of our old faculties; I had been his examiner during his thesis of license, April 3, 1788... All of my colleagues share my feelings for him. He was introduced... " "If Toullier wanted the appointment of Mr. of Corbiere, he did not expect him awarded the Dean, which left her with only the title of Dean of age and services. Here is the explanation Toullier give thereby: "" the talents of Mr. of Corbiere had developed in the National Gallery, he was regarded as one of the leaders of the opposition. " He had energi-manifest regimes, in the gallery and in printed reports, opinions contrary to the University. The president of the commission knew him a lot; Maybe he wanted to win a formidable opponent, because it was expected to see strongly attacking the University. " »

paragraph: The preface to Toullier, where we have drawn this story, acknowledges that Mr. of Corbiere could be named Dean, the three years of the old deanery being expired. Toullier complains only for having been accused and sentenced without proof. In addition, the appointment of Mr. of Corbiere had not preceded the presentation of two candidates, as was the order of the 17 February 1818. Toullier does not fail to remind note that, some time ago, in a similar circumstance, the confreres of Victor Proudhon Proudhon]] in Dijon had refused to replace it. The Dean's office was visited Toullier in 1830. He died at Rennes on 19 September 1835. He was President of the Association of lawyers of this city and member of the order of the Medal of honor.

paragraph: 1864, rue Toullier in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, of the Paris law school Faculty of law]] and Sorbonne, was renamed in tribute. Since 2012, one of the amphitheaters of the Faculty of law and science policy the name of Charles Toullier reindeer door.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: The first eight volumes of his work have been published 1811 to 1818:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "French civil law following the order of the Napoleonic Code, book in which we tried to bring together the theory to practice", Paris, 1811-1831, 14 vol. in - 8 °;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Supplement to the first edition of the first eight volumes of the french civil law", Paris, 1820, strong vol. in - 8 °. 1821 to 1823 appeared in the 9 to 11 volumes, with a general table at the end of the 11th volume. 1826 to 1831, the volumes 12 to 14 (marriage contract) with table. The "Library Journal" gives the following for other editions: 2nd edition, 1820, t. 1-3 and 6; 3rd edition. nihil; 4th edition., 1824, Paris, t. l to 4, 6 to 9, 10 copies on paper vellum; the first twelve volumes are dated but Mr. Quérard guess that titles were reprinted. Two tables, one of the subjects and other articles of the code dealt with in the book, are due to Mr. Morel, successor of Toullier. 5th edition., Paris, J. Renouard. 1837, vol. in - 8 °; t. 15, table of contents by Mr. Martin Jouaust, 1834, in - 8 °  Toullier explained only half about the code. Troplong, civil law explained following the order of the articles of the code, since and including the title of the sale; book which follows that of Toullier; 23 volumes in - 8 °, 1831-1852... -Toullier, French civil law following the order of the code, book in which we tried to bring together the theory to practice, 6th edition, continued and annotated by Jean-Baptiste Duvergier, 1846-1848, 14 vol. in - 8 °; continuation of the 6th edition of the civil law, by Toullier, 6 vol. in - 8 °. < Distributor.ref/REFREF >. Toullier book has been translated into German, Frankfurt; in Italian, Naples; There were three Belgian fakes, 1829, 13 vol. in - 8 °, titled 3rd edition; Vol. grand in - 8 °, 28 deliveries; 1834, flight, in - 8 °; praise of Toullier, pronounced 24 November 1836 to the resumption of the conferences of the order of lawyers, by Mr. Charles-Pierre-Paul Paulmier, lawyer ("Observer of the courts", journal of court documents, by Eugène Roch, t. 12).

paragraph: The book of Toullier gave rise to the following publications:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Dissertation on the art. 585 of the civil code, and refutation of the doctrine of Mr. Toullier on a question born of this article ", by the lead, London, in - 8 °, 64 pages.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Annotations critical on the doctrine of Toullier in his treatise on the french civil law, following the order of the code, collected on the first five volumes containing the material of the first and second in the third book of the civil code, by j.. Spinnael, a lawyer at the Supreme Court of justice, Brussels, Ghent and Lille, 1825, in - 8 ° of v and 193 pages;

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Annotations, etc., collected on the volumes 6 to 11, containing the material of title 3, 3rd book code, by. the same ", Ghent, Debuscher and son; Lille, 1825, in - 8 ° of v and 147 pages.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "Letters to Mr. Toullier, etc., on some mistakes contained in title 12 of the course of law french, related to the community of the spouses", by M. Guevel, Paris, 1828, in - 8 ° of pages; a first in the same letter, 1827, - 8 ° 16 pages. These letters and comments of Mr. demand, in the "Themis", on the doctrine of Toullier, as for the marriage, have been combined under this title: "Appendix to volume 12 of the french civil law", by Mr. Toullier, Brussels, 1828, in - 8 °. Toullier and Merlin mark the transition between the new and the old doctrine. The directory of case law applies the principles to the species; Toullier is theoretical. Toullier boasted with reason for introducing philosophy in the study of law; There point of view to which it still belongs. His style is clear, much important quality in a Jurisconsult, and if he's sometimes diffuse, it

paragraph: is not devoid of elegance. The book lack of proportion: the beginnings are not

paragraph: developed, but the "Treaty on the property and its amendments" announces the author of the 'treaty obligations'. In his "treaty obligations", he surpassed Pothier, said M. Dupin ("letters on the legal profession"), calling him the "modern Pothier". It is, he says, the most perfect of the works that have appeared on the code. "According to Merlin, Toullier is wiser, more strongly reasoned and better distributed than Pothier. The "Treaty of the marriage contract" following is far worth the 'treaty obligations'; He feels the old age of the author.

paragraph: "Toullier, says a famous Jurisconsult, owned by his fame to all the bars of France." ("Opening address to the Court of cassation", 1835 ref more we got Toullier: "Consultation of several former lawyers of reindeer on the validity of marriages contracted by)

paragraph: french emigrants before their return, and the recovery in their civil rights work which can be used to supplement or Appendix to said editor on civil death and on the

paragraph: marriage, in the first volume of his book on the civil code ", of which he appeared 7 volumes, Paris, 1817, in - 8 ° of 58 pages. -Signed by six lawyers and written by Toullier.  banker  consultation)

description: French jurist (1752-1835)

wikidata_label: Charles Bonaventure Marie Toullier

wikipedia_title: Charles Bonaventure Marie Toullier