text: Greek-Catholic Diocese of Križevci

text: Stari Grad Žumberački

text: Croatia

text: Žumberak

text: Croatian

text: Greek Catholic Church

text: Mrzlo Polje, Ivančna Gorica

text: Zagreb

text: Franciscan Order

text: Catholic Faculty of Zagreb

text: Pontifical Urban University

text: Rome

text: Rome

text: Karlovac

text: Rome

text: Karlovac

text: Zagreb

text: Zagreb

text: Slavomir Miklovš

text: Croatia

text: Benedict XVI

text: Križevci

text: Slavomir Miklovš

text: Mario Roberto Cassari

text: Josip Cardinal Bozanić

categories: 1943 births,20th-century Eastern Catholic clergy,Living people,21st-century Eastern Catholic bishops

paragraph: Nikola Kekić

paragraph: Nikola Kekić or "Nino" Kekic (born January 18, 1943) is the bishop of the Greek-Catholic Diocese of Križevci.

paragraph: Section::::Childhood and education.

paragraph: Nikola Kekić was born in 1943 in the village of Stari Grad Žumberački, in the Croatian Žumberak. He comes from a Croatian family. Kekic was baptized in the Greek Catholic Church of Peter and Paul in Mrzlo Polje, Ivančna Gorica. The primary school years spent in Nicholas Kekic Sošice and Ilok. From September 1, 1956 was his first four years of education in Greek-Catholic seminary in Zagreb with the traditional visit to the local grammar school. The school was for another four years in Zagreb's Franciscan Order, where he obtained his graduation in 1963.

paragraph: Section::::Study.

paragraph: From September 23, 1963 to March 10, 1965 contributed Kekic from his military service in Yugoslavia. In the same year Nicholas Kekic begins with the theological and philosophical studies at the Catholic Faculty of Zagreb. The diocesan bishop of the diocese in 1967 Križevci gave him permission to continue his studies at the Pontifical Urban University in Rome. During his studies Kekic also visited the Ukrainian Pontifical College of Saint Josaphat in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Ordination.

paragraph: Nicholas Kekic was ordained on November 1, 1970 by the Greek-Catholic bishop of the diocese of Križevci Gabrijel Bukatko, in the Greek-Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul in Sošice. In December 1970 he was with the pastoral leadership of the Greek-Catholic parish of St. Peter and Paul in charge Mrzlo Polje. It was followed in December 1972 appointment as head of the "Greek-Catholic center" in Karlovac. His pastoral activities began in the time Kekic temporarily continued in the Greek-Catholic parishes, "Annunciation" in Pribić and "Assumption" in Pećno.

paragraph: Section::::Further Studies.

paragraph: In 1977 Nicholas Kekic stayed again in Rome. He attended the Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome in Rome and continued his studies in church history at the Pontifical Oriental Institute and ended it with the receipt of the degree of Master of Arts.

paragraph: Section::::Return.

paragraph: After returning from Rome Kekic again became head of the "Greek-Catholic center" in Karlovac. From November 1984 he was appointed vice rector of the Greek-Catholic seminary in Zagreb, ibid Kekic took over on July 1, 1990 as rector of this. From December 1, 1984 he was by the decree of the Diocese of Križevci senior pastor of the Greek-Catholic parish of St. Cyril and Methodius, also in Zagreb. Nicholas Kekic is on December 1, 1988 executive dean of the deanery of the Diocese of Križevci.

paragraph: From the December 8, 2003 was for the Bishop of Križevci Slavomir Miklovš the duties of a Konsultators, while he was a member of the presbyters of the diocese and Liturgierat Križevci. For years, Nicholas Kekic with the duties of a church in the diocese archivist Križevci been commissioned. Since September 1998, he headed Nicholas Kekic in Catholic radio on "Radio Maria" the program "From the heritage of the Greek-Catholic Christians," he also was the organizer of all radio and television broadcasts Greek Catholic church services in Croatia. Kekic 1999, a senior editor and publisher of the Greek-Catholic church newspaper "Žumberački Krijes". Nicholas Kekic is fluent in his native Croatian, Italian, Ukrainian and German.

paragraph: Pope Benedict XVI. appointed on May 25, 2009 Nicholas Kekic at the age of sixty-six years as bishop of Križevci. The consecration ceremony took place on July 4, 2009 in the Greek-Catholic Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity in Križevci place. Principal consecrator was Bishop Emeritus of Križevci Slavomir Miklovš. Co-consecrators were the Apostolic Nuncio to Croatia Mario Roberto Cassari and the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Zagreb, Josip Cardinal Bozanić.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Mozaik/tabid/80/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/51288/Default.aspx

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20121105070407/http://www.mojzumberak.com/Sacro_info/_upa_Mrzlo_Polje/_upa_mrzlo_polje.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.glas-koncila.hr/index.php

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://krizevci.hbk.hr/biskup_opsirnije.html#de

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.ika.hr/index.php?prikaz=vijest&ID=112891

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.byzcath.org/forums/ubbthreads.php/topics/322984/New%20Bishop%20of%20Kri%C3%83%E2%80%A6%C3%82%C2%BEevci

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkekic.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kriz0.htm#24739

description: Croatian Greek Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Nikola Kekić

wikipedia_title: Nikola Kekić


text:
Major League Baseball
Buffalo Bisons
St. Louis Maroons
Indianapolis Hoosiers

categories: Major League Baseball catchers,Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York,Syracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players,Indianapolis Hoosiers (NL) players,Buffalo Bisons (NL) players,Rochester Flour Cities players,Baseball players from New York (state),Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players,St. Louis Maroons players,1926 deaths,Utica Stars players,1860 births

paragraph: George Myers (baseball)

paragraph: George D. Myers was a Major League Baseball player. He played six seasons in the majors, from until , for the Buffalo Bisons, St. Louis Maroons, and Indianapolis Hoosiers.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: George Myers

wikipedia_title: George Myers (baseball)


text:
ukiyo-e
Japanese woodblock prints
Osaka
Shōkōsai Hambei
Hokusai
Osaka
Lane, Richard
OCLC 5246796

categories: Ukiyo-e artists,19th-century Japanese people

paragraph: Shunkōsai Hokushū

paragraph: Shunkōsai Hokushū (春好斎　北洲), who is also known as Shunkō IV, was a designer of ukiyo-e style Japanese woodblock prints in Osaka who was active from about 1802 to 1832.

paragraph: He is known to have been a student of Shōkōsai Hambei, and may have also studied with Hokusai. He used the name Shunkō (春好) until 1818, when he changed his name to “Shunkōsai Hokushū”. He was the most important artist in Osaka during the 1810-1820s and established the Osaka style of actor prints.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keyes, Roger S. & Keiko Mizushima, "The Theatrical World of Osaka Prints", Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1973, 266.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane, Richard. (1978). "Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print." Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 5246796

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newland, Amy Reigle, "The Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints", Amsterdam, Hotei Publishing, 2005, Vol. 2, 488.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roberts, Laurance P., "A Dictionary of Japanese Artists", Tokyo, Weatherhill, 1976, 49.

alias:
Shunkosai Hokushu
Shunkousai Hokushuu

description: Japanese painter

wikidata_label: Shunkōsai Hokushū

wikipedia_title: Shunkōsai Hokushū


text: Prince of Wales

text: Oaks

text: Derby

text: ignominy

text: bit

text: Northwold

text: Newmarket Racecourse

text: The Derby

text: The Oaks

text: Derby

text: Oaks

text: Skyscraper

text: Lord Egremont

text: dandy

text: Guildford

text: Winchester

text: Duke of Dorset

text: Sir Frank Standish

text: Frank Buckle

text: Prince of Wales

text: guineas

text: 2/1 on

text: Lord Grosvenor

text: Lord Clermont

text: Charles James Fox

text: Jockey Club

text: guineas

text: Brighton

text: sharp practice

text: octavo

text: £5

text: curb

text: snaffles

text: pelham

text: Fleet Prison

text: St. Sepulchre-without-Newgate

text: Holborn

text: trainer

text: Frank Smallman

text: William Chifney

text: equerry

text: Cambridge

text: Samuel

text: Stockbridge

text: 1,000 Guineas

text: Frank Butler

categories: 1753 births,1807 deaths,People from King's Lynn and West Norfolk (district)

paragraph: Samuel Chifney

paragraph: Samuel "Sam" Chifney ("c." 1753 – 8 January 1807), also known as Sam Chifney Sr., Sam Chifney the Elder or Old Sam Chifney to distinguish him from his son, was an English jockey. He was a pioneer of professional race-riding, developing a trademark late finishing style, known as the 'Chifney rush' and was the retained jockey of the Prince of Wales. He became the leading horseman of his day, winning four runnings of the Oaks and one of the Derby, but his career ended in ignominy after a scandal around a ride on the Prince of Wales's horse, Escape. Despite inventing a bit for horses that is still in use today, he died in debtors' prison in London.

paragraph: Section::::Riding career.

paragraph: Chifney was born in Northwold, Norfolk around 1753 and, entering Foxe's stables at Newmarket Racecourse in 1770, soon learned the rudiments of horse racing. He said of himself, "In 1773 I could ride horses in a better manner in a race to beat others than any other person ever known in my time, and in 1775 I could train horses for running better than any person I ever yet saw. Riding I learnt myself and training I learnt from Mr. Richard Prince, training groom to Lord Foley". In 1787 he rode for the Duke of Bedford, and two years later won The Derby on Skyscraper for the Duke. For Lord Grosvenor he won The Oaks on Ceres in 1782, and on Maid of the Oaks in 1783.

paragraph: In 1789 Chifney rode the winners of both the Derby and the Oaks, riding Skyscraper to victory in the Derby for the Duke of Bedford and Tagg for Lord Egremont in the Oaks, becoming the first man to ride the double. The next year he won the Oaks again, riding Hypolita for the Duke of Bedford.

paragraph: Few people liked Chifney, many regarding him as an "arrogant little upstart" from Norfolk. He was also known to be something of a dandy, to an extent that bordered on the effeminate, with hair flowing out from the front of his cap, ruffs and frills on his clothing and bunches of ribbons on his boots. This self-confidence and attitude distinguished him as "the first professional jockey as we understand the term", although added to this, he had a reputation for dishonesty – "he dressed like a mannequin, nurtured an ego the size of a house and was as bent as a paper clip."

paragraph: Section::::Riding style.

paragraph: Chifney was an instinctive horseman, whose considered approach contrasted with the untutored 'grooms' who had come before him.

paragraph: He is widely considered to have transformed race-riding, "from a ritual slogging match, to a mounted chess game."

paragraph: Chifney's style of riding was to keep a slack rein – a method which has never found much favour, but which in his case was successful. He wrote that when pulling up, one should never jerk the mouth of the horse, doing it "as if you had a silken rein, as fine as a hair, and you were afraid of breaking it" and that the horse "should be enticed to ease himself an inch at a time, as his situation will allow." At Guildford for the King's Plate, he was given a heavy bridle for the horse Knowsley, a notoriously hard puller. He is reported to have said, "take away that silly gimcrack and bring me a plain snaffle." He won easily that day, and again at Winchester subsequently.

paragraph: On Eagle, an idle horse that he advised the Duke of Dorset to buy from Sir Frank Standish, he ran in the King's Plate at Newmarket. Standish was so sure that no-one could get the best out of the horse, that he advised Dorset not to back him "for a halfpenny." Chifney responded saying, "I'll let Sir Frank Standish see whether I can get him out or not and what's more, I'll neither use whip nor spur to him." The horse won by a neck, with neither whip nor spur, as Chifney had said.

paragraph: Another favoured tactic of Chifney's was easing the load on a horse's back by constantly adjusting his seat throughout a race. "Suppose a man had been carrying a stone in one hand, would he not find much ease by shifting it into the other?" he himself argued.

paragraph: Most distinctively, Chifney was also one of the first to ride a waiting race, coming towards the finish with a tremendous rush. In fact, the idea of saving a horse for a late run became known as the 'Chifney rush'. Chifney's manner of riding has been described thus: "He approached a race as if it were a piece of music, playing it slow and quiet until coming at the end with a beautifully modulated crescendo, sweeping past his one-paced rivals." He was considered the best horseman of his time; at tall, he could ride at 7 stone 12 pounds – – reducing from his natural weight of 9 stone 5 pounds during the summer.

paragraph: He was regarded by fellow jockey, Frank Buckle, as a "model of perfection".

paragraph: Section::::The Escape scandal.

paragraph: On 14 July 1790 Chifney was hired as "rider for life" by the Prince of Wales to ride his racehorses at a salary of 200 guineas a year. However, in the second year of his commission, Chifney became embroiled in a scandal which would ruin his career.

paragraph: On Thursday 20 October, Chifney rode the Prince's horse, Escape, at Newmarket in a 60 guinea race over two miles of the Ditch in Course. He started as 2/1 on favourite but finished last of four, behind Mr Dawson's Coriander, Lord Grosvenor's Skylark and Lord Clermont's Pipator. The following day at odds of 5/1, Escape then overturned the form to win over four miles of the Beacon Course, ahead of Skylark in third.

paragraph: Suspicions were immediately raised that Chifney had pulled the horse in the original race to secure a better price for his money on the Friday. Warwick Lake, the Prince's racing manager, fearing the furore that was to break, immediately responded to the Prince, saying, "I give your Royal Highness joy, but I am sorry the horse has won. I would sooner have given a hundred guineas." Charles James Fox wrote in a letter at the time, "... people will suspect".

paragraph: Chifney was duly summoned before the Jockey Club to explain himself. He stated that the horse had needed the race on the Thursday to "clear his pipes" and, knowing this, he had had no bet on the first run and 20 guineas on the second. The stewards did not accept the explanation and warned the Prince of Wales that if he continued to use Chifney, no gentleman would race against him. In consequence, not wanting to make an example of his jockey, the Prince of Wales sold his stable and ended his connection with the turf. He told Chifney he would be unlikely to return to ownership, "but if I ever do, Sam Chifney, you shall train and manage them. You shall have your 200 guineas a year all the same. I cannot give it to you for your life, I can only give it to you for my own. You have been a good and honest servant to me." Seeing Chifney later at Brighton in 1802, he remarked, "Sam Chifney, there's never been a proper apology made; they [the Jockey Club] used me and you very ill. They are bad people – I'll not set foot on the ground more."

paragraph: It has been suggested that in the modern day, Chifney's justification for Escape's performance would have been accepted by stewards. Escape had never been a consistent horse, the two races were over different distances and he may indeed have needed a race. Moreover, he had won twice over the Beacon Course in October, but tried over the two-mile Oatlands Stakes at Ascot, he had been beaten into fourth. So, while there may indeed have been sharp practice involved, in the absence of evidence, the explanation would have to be accepted under modern rules. This has led some to conclude that the incident may just have been the opportunity the stewards needed to target Chifney, who had long been under suspicion. Warwick Lake was known to dislike Chifney's influence and arrogance and may, according to Jockey Club member Anthony St Leger, have been the driving force behind the case.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In 1795 Chifney, in reduced circumstances, wrote and published (or probably had written for him) a book entitled "Genius Genuine, by Samuel Chifney of Newmarket". This book, although merely an octavo of 170 pages, sold for £5. Sales must have been adequate, for a second edition appeared in 1804. In 1800, he published "The Narrative or Address of Samuel Chifney, Rider for Life to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales" at a price of two shillings sixpence. The year before, he was again castigated for his riding of Mr. Cookson's Sir Harry, but it afterwards became apparent that in this case the horse and not the rider was at fault. Chifney left Newmarket for London in 1800, never to return.

paragraph: In 1806, he sold his annuity of 200 guineas from the Prince of Wales for £1,260. Chifney invented a bit for horses, which is named after him and still in use. It consists of a curb and two snaffles, and exerts greater pressure on the sides of the horse's mouth. The Chifney bit is sometimes described as an Uppingham bit with pelham cheeks and a snaffle mouth. He had hoped the Jockey Club might fund the bit, saying, "if the Jockey Club will be pleased to give me 200 guineas, I will make them a bridle as I believe never was, and I believe never can be, excelled, for their light weights to hold horses from running away." The Jockey Club never took up the offer, and in connection with his bit he became indebted to a saddler named Latchford for £350. He was committed to Fleet Prison for the debt, and died there aged 52 on 8 January 1807. Chifney is buried at St. Sepulchre-without-Newgate, Holborn.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Chifney married the daughter of Newmarket trainer Frank Smallman. They had two sons, both well known, and four daughters. The elder son, William Chifney (born at Newmarket in 1784), became a trainer at Newmarket. On 31 May 1803 he publicly thrashed Lieutenant-Colonel George Leigh (an equerry to the Prince of Wales) for accusing his father of cheating during the Escape case. For that assault, he was imprisoned for six months in Cambridge. He died in Pancras Square, Pancras Road, London on 14 October 1862.

paragraph: Chifney's younger son, Samuel, was born in 1786. He also became jockey to the Prince of Wales, first riding for him at the Stockbridge meeting in 1802. He also used the slack-rein technique originated by his father and 'the Chifney rush'. He was five times winner of the Oaks, twice of the Derby and once, aged 57, of the 1,000 Guineas.

paragraph: One of his daughters married the royal trainer William Butler (c. 1783–1827), and became the mother of the well-known jockey Frank Butler, another married a Mr Weatherby of Newmarket.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of significant families in British horse racing

alias:
Samuel Chiffney
Samuel Chifney the elder

description: English jockey.

wikidata_label: Samuel Chifney

wikipedia_title: Samuel Chifney


text:
Polish–Lithuanian
nobleman
Lviv
Treasurer
Speaker of the Sejm
University of Dillingen
Sigismund III Vasa
Jan Zamoyski
Zaluski Library
Jan Mikołaj Daniłowicz
Jan Daniłowicz
Jan III Sobieski
Nałęcz
Wiśniowiecka
Korybut
Jan Mikołaj Daniłowicz
Opalińska
Tęczyńska
Topór
Katarzyna Sapieha
Brodzic
Paweł Sapieha
Lis
Łukasz Opaliński z Bnina
Łodzia
Łabędź
Rola
Jerzy Ossoliński
Zebrzydowski
Radwan
Polski Słownik Biograficzny
Kraków

categories: Polish politicians,Year of birth uncertain,1624 deaths,Polish nobility,Daniłowicz family,16th-century Polish people,17th-century Polish people

paragraph: Mikołaj Daniłowicz

paragraph: Mikołaj Daniłowicz (c. 1558 – May 30, 1624) was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman and politician. He was Castellan of Lviv from 1614, Treasurer of the Crown Court from 1610, Grand Treasurer of the Crown from 1617, Speaker of the Sejm in 1593, amongst many other positions as governors of various states.

paragraph: Educated in 1581 at the University of Dillingen, he went to Sweden during the rule of Sigismund III Vasa. He took part in the Jan Zamoyski expedition and during the Zebrzydowski rebellion took the side of the ruler. In 1607 he was envoy to Turkey.

paragraph: In 1621 he erected a manor house in Warsaw, destroyed during the Swedish invasion, and was rebuilt as the Zaluski Library ( Bibliotekę Załuskich).

paragraph: His son, Jan Mikołaj Daniłowicz, also served as Grand Treasurer of the Crown. His brother Jan Daniłowicz was the grandfather of King Jan III Sobieski.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piotr Daniłowicz (c. 1600-1645) – husband of Katarzyna Beata Szamotulska h. Nałęcz and Krystyna Wiśniowiecka h. Korybut

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Mikołaj Daniłowicz (1607-1650) – husband of Elżbieta Opalińska h. Łodzia and Zofia Tęczyńska h. Topór

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franciszek Daniłowicz (1605-1653) – husband of Katarzyna Sapieha h. Lis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zofia Daniłowicz (1637-1681) – wife of Adrian Radzimiński h. Brodzic, Paweł Sapieha h. Lis and Łukasz Opaliński z Bnina h. Łodzia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanisław Daniłowicz (b. 1632) – husband of Marianna Siemaszko h. Łabędź

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mikołaj Daniłowicz (d. 1676) – husband of Apolinara Niemojewska h. Rola

paragraph: BULLET::::- Izabela Daniłowicz – wife of Jerzy Ossoliński h. Topór

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Daniłowicz – wife of Kasper Zebrzydowski h. Radwan

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kazimierz Tyszkowski, Mikołaj Daniłowicz, w: "Polski Słownik Biograficzny", Kraków 1938, t. IV, s. 416-417.

description: Polish-Lithuanian nobleman and politician

wikidata_label: Mikołaj Daniłowicz

wikipedia_title: Mikołaj Daniłowicz


text:
The Times
Eton
cornet
The Royal Dragoons (1st Dragoons)
14th Light Dragoons
Duke of Wellington
Peninsular War
Battle of Douro
battle honour
Battle of Talavera
North Hampshire Militia
Duke of Clarence
King William IV
wildfowling
The Economist
Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey
Henri Bertini
percussion lock
punt gun
Joe Manton
breech-loading
swivel gun
Board of Ordnance
Enfield Rifle-Musket
Longparish
Keyhaven
Mary Elizabeth Hawker
Keyhaven
Lanoe Hawker

categories: People educated at Eton College,British diarists,British male sport shooters,English hunters,19th-century English writers,English male writers,1853 deaths,British sportswriters,1786 births

paragraph: Peter Hawker

paragraph: Colonel Peter Hawker (24 November 1786 – 7 August 1853) was a celebrated diarist, author and sportsman accounted one of the "great shots" of the 19th century. His sporting exploits were widely followed, and on occasion, considered worth reporting in "The Times".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in London to Colonel Peter Ryves Hawker and Mary Wilson Hawker (née Yonge), Peter Hawker was educated at Eton and entered military service in 1801 by purchasing a commission as a cornet in The Royal Dragoons (1st Dragoons), soon gaining promotion to captain. Hawker notes in his diary that: "I was a Captain of Dragoons soon after I was seventeen years old, but paid dearer for it than anyone in the service."

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Hawker served with the 14th Light Dragoons under the Duke of Wellington during the Peninsular War. He led his squadron in the Battle of Douro (6 May 1809), his regiment thereby earning the battle honour "Douro" for its colours. He received a serious thigh wound in the following Battle of Talavera (28 July 1809), was declared unfit, and so resigned and sold his commission. In recognition of his service, Hawker was awarded a modest annual pension of £100 (roughly equivalent to £3500 a year in 2005). Despite his injuries and consequent ill health, he was later able in 1815 to accept an active commission as major of the North Hampshire Militia; he was recommended for the post by the then Duke of Clarence, heir to the throne and future King William IV. Hawker was made a lieutenant-colonel of the militia in 1821 and ultimately became deputy lieutenant for his county.

paragraph: Section::::Sportsman and author.

paragraph: Hawker is best known today for his published works on the sports of shooting, wildfowling and fishing. Hawker published his "Advice to Young Sportsmen" in 1814, a popular work with nine impressions in his lifetime, the latest paper edition appearing in 1975. Forty years after Hawker's death, an Australian book reviewer states, "Probably no book on the subject of sport ever enjoyed so wide or so long sustained a popularity as the "Instructions to Young Sportsmen"".

paragraph: Hawker kept a regular diary (published in an abridged form), which contains observations of pre- and post-Napoleonic Europe and of wild-fowling, game-bird shooting and detailed hunting techniques and conditions prevalent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His diary, printed in two volumes, became a popular work, with the last paper edition appearing in 1988. Hawker also published an originally anonymous memoir of the Peninsula War.

paragraph: Section::::Revisionist views.

paragraph: Hawker's attitudes to guns and shooting have been criticised and parodied from a modern viewpoint in "The Economist" (with respect to teaching children how to shoot), and in "The Times" (as being overly bloodthirsty). He was even mildly criticised by Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey, who described Hawker as "something of an egotist" albeit a "good-natured" one) in the introduction to the 1893 edition of Hawker's diary. Colin Laurie McKelvie, in his forward to the 1988 edition of the diary, found Hawker's personality "unattractive" and observed that he "...appears unacceptably self-absorbed, cock-sure and downright arrogant." McKelvie mitigates this criticism with praise for Hawker's knowledge, fairness, energy and enthusiasm.

paragraph: Section::::The musician.

paragraph: Hawker was an keen amateur musician, studying the piano under Henri Bertini and regularly playing the organ at his local church. This interest in music was not limited to playing. He devised and patented a device to assist in piano teaching: his "hand moulds".

paragraph: Section::::Development of firearms.

paragraph: Hawker's inventiveness extended to the development of "detonating" firearms (i. e. the percussion lock) and punt gunning. He also claims in his diary to have invented a "smokeless chimney". Hawker was a firm friend of the celebrated gunsmith Joe Manton. Hawker not only used Manton's guns, but took an active interest in their design and participated in the manufacture of some of his own commissions.

paragraph: Hawker designed a breech-loading swivel gun mounted on a four-wheeled carriage, a model of which is reportedly on display at the Rotunda, Woolwich.

paragraph: In later life Hawker designed a "military musket" and commissioned the manufacture of several prototypes at his own expense. Hawker's musket was favourably received by the Board of Ordnance, but was not adopted, being set aside in preference to the Enfield Rifle-Musket, although elements of Hawker's design were incorporated into the final version of the Enfield.

paragraph: Section::::Family life.

paragraph: Hawker was married first in 1811 to Julia, only daughter of Major Hooker Barttelot, making the family home in Longparish with a cottage in Keyhaven. After Julia's death in 1844, Hawker married Helen Susan Symonds (née Chatterton), herself a widow. Colonel Hawker had two sons and two daughters by his first wife. Hawker's granddaughter, Mary Elizabeth Hawker, was a noted late Victorian author under the pseudonym "Lanoe Falconer". Hawker's cottage in Keyhaven, Hampshire, still stands as "Hawker's Cottage", immediately north of the "Gun Inn" public house, which reportedly was named originally to mark Hawker's punt-gunning exploits.

paragraph: Hawker is Lanoe Hawker's great-grandfather through Lanoe's mother.

description: Diarist, sports shooter and wildfowler

wikidata_label: Peter Hawker

wikipedia_title: Peter Hawker


text:
Kuldīga
John II Casimir Vasa
Prienai
Cardinal Richelieu
Prienai

categories: 1660 deaths,Polish politicians,Polish nobility,1600 births,17th-century Polish people

paragraph: Gothard Wilhelm Butler

paragraph: Gothard Wilhelm Butler (, c. 1600 – January 18, 1660) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman and politician of Scottish origin, born in Kuldīga (Goldingen). He was Grand treasurer of the Crown, the Crown court chamberlain and a captain of the guard of King John II Casimir Vasa and erderman of Prienai, Parnu and Bolesław.

paragraph: He started serving as a court writer. Shortly afterwards, then became a courtier of Prince John Casimir. He was associated with him until his death. He accompanied the king, also in the expedition to Spain in 1638 and was imprisoned with him by Cardinal Richelieu in France. Through the exchange of letters that personally transported to Louis XIV and the Polish court, the king was soon freed. He was the first member of his family to convert from Protestantism to Catholicism. One of the richest in the Commonwealth, he started building the castle in Prienai.

description: Polish-Lithuanian noble

wikidata_label: Gothard Wilhelm Butler

wikipedia_title: Gothard Wilhelm Butler


text:
Potocki family
Treasurer
Mikołaj Truskolaski
Halicz
Jakub Potocki

categories: Polish politicians,1646 births,Potocki family,1683 deaths,17th-century Polish people

paragraph: Dominik Potocki

paragraph: Dominik Potocki (c. 1646 – December 14, 1683) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman of the Potocki family and politician, Treasurer of the Crown Court. He was married to Konstancją Truskolaską, daughter of Mikołaj Truskolaski, chamberlain of Halicz. His son was Jakub Potocki.

description: Polish noble

wikidata_label: Dominik Potocki

wikipedia_title: Dominik Potocki


text:
Zagreb
Croatia
road bicycle racer
Robert Kišerlovski
Kristijan Đurasek
Tour de France
Paris–Nice
Trophy Riviera
Jadranska Magistrala
Tour du Doubs
Tour du Sud

categories: Olympic cyclists of Croatia,Sportspeople from Zagreb,Tour de France cyclists,Croatian male cyclists,Vuelta a España cyclists,Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Living people,Giro d'Italia cyclists,1974 births

paragraph: Vladimir Miholjević

paragraph: Vladimir Miholjević (born 18 January 1974 in Zagreb) is a Croatian former professional road bicycle racer. He turned pro in 1997. , he, Robert Kišerlovski and Kristijan Đurasek are only three Croats who has completed the Tour de France.

paragraph: Section::::Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Time Trial Champion (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paris–Nice – Mountains Classification (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trophy Riviera (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, National Time Trial Championship (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jadranska Magistrala – 1 stage & Overall (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tour du Doubs (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Road Race Champion (1998, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tour du Sud – Overall (1998)

description: Road racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Vladimir Miholjević

wikipedia_title: Vladimir Miholjević


text: Narromine

text: New South Wales

text: Australia

text: athlete

text: sprint

text: World Indoor

text: 200 m

text: medal

text: World Championships

text: Commonwealth Games

text: Josh Watson

text: Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay

text: Sydney Olympics

text: 100 m

text: 1990 World Junior Championships

text: 4 x 100 metres relay

text: silver medal

text: World Indoor Championships

text: 1993 World Championships in Athletics

text: bronze medal

text: Commonwealth Games

text: Cathy Freeman

text: 1995 World Championships in Athletics

text: 4 x 400 m relay

text: Athens World Championships

text: 1998 Commonwealth Games

text: Sydney 2000

text: One

text: Australian Athletics Tour

text: National Rugby League

text: Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles

text: Wendy Harmer

text: Layne Beachley

text: Tracey Spicer

text: Brooke Hanson

text: Member of the Order of Australia

text: Athletics Australia Profile

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Commonwealth Games,Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics,Australian female sprinters,Olympic athletes of Australia,Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia,Athletes (track and field) at the 1994 Commonwealth Games,Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics,1971 births,Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics,Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia,World Championships in Athletics medalists,Living people,Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Melinda Gainsford-Taylor

paragraph: Melinda Gainsford-Taylor (born 1 October 1971 in Narromine, New South Wales) is a retired Australian athlete, who specialised in sprint events.

paragraph: In 1995 Gainsford-Taylor won the World Indoor championship over 200 m. During her career she also won international medals at the World Championships and Commonwealth Games. She is the cousin of Australian Olympic backstroke swimmer Josh Watson who won silver in the Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay at the Sydney Olympics in 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Junior career.

paragraph: In 1989, she won the first of three consecutive Australian Junior 100 m titles, also winning the Junior 200 m championships in 1989 and 1991.

paragraph: At the 1990 World Junior Championships Gainsford reached the semi-finals of both the 100 and 200 metres sprints and assisted the Australian 4 x 100 metres relay team to a new national junior record of 45.01 seconds.

paragraph: Section::::Senior career.

paragraph: Although Gainsford-Taylor became a world champion in 1995, her senior career really began when she won the first of five 100m/200 m sprint doubles at the 1992 Australian National Championships and won selection in the Olympic team, where she made the semi-finals of the 200m.

paragraph: In 1993, she won a silver medal at the World Indoor Championships, but later in the season broke down in the 100 m semi-finals of the 1993 World Championships in Athletics.

paragraph: During 1994, Gainsford-Taylor won a bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games behind her arch-rival Cathy Freeman and set an Australian record for 100 m of 11.12. A year later, she won the 200 m at the 1995 World Indoor Championships in Athletics and took home a bronze medal from the 1995 World Championships in Athletics as part of the Australian 4 x 400 m relay team.

paragraph: In 1997, defending her World Indoor crown, Gainsford was disqualified for running out of her lane in the semi-final of the 200 m. Later in the year, she made up for that disappointment with a new Australian record of 22.23 seconds. Soon after, Gainsford-Taylor reached her first individual outdoor final at the Athens World Championships, placing 7th in the 200 m final.

paragraph: The latter part of her career was hampered by injury. Running with knee problems, she famously broke down metres before the finish when in first place during the 200 m race at the 1998 Commonwealth Games.

paragraph: During her career, she won a total of thirteen individual open titles - two at 100 yards, six at 100 metres and five over 200 metres.

paragraph: At her third Olympic Games at Sydney 2000 she made the final of the 200 m sprint, placing 6th, and assisted the Australian 4 x 400 m relay team to a fifth-place finish and a new national record.

paragraph: Still holding Australian records at 100 m and 200 m, and sharing in 4 x 100 m and 4 x 400 m relay records, Gainsford-Taylor retired in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Family life.

paragraph: Gainsford-Taylor is married to Mark Taylor and the couple have two children, Nicholas and Gabriella. In 2015, Gabriella became the fastest 10-year-old girl in the country over and .

paragraph: Section::::Post career.

paragraph: Gainsford-Taylor now works with Little Athletics New South Wales visiting schools. She also provides expert commentary for Australian TV channel One during their coverage of the Australian Athletics Tour.

paragraph: She is a fan of National Rugby League team the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and is a former board member of the club. She is also a member of the "Eagle Angels", a high-profile group of women who excel in their chosen fields and all with a passion for the Sea Eagles. Other members include comedian, author and radio personality Wendy Harmer, World Surfing Champion Layne Beachley, newsreader Tracey Spicer, and swimmer Brooke Hanson.

paragraph: In 2017 Gainsford-Taylor was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for significant service to athletics as a sprinter, at the national and international level, and as a role model for young athletes.

paragraph: Section::::Statistics.

paragraph: Personal Bests - outdoor

paragraph: Personal Bests - indoor

paragraph: Section::::National records.

paragraph: Outdoor

paragraph: Relays

paragraph: Indoor

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Athletics Australia Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Melinda Gainsford-Taylor discusses her kids

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: br

description: Australian sprinter

wikidata_label: Melinda Gainsford-Taylor

wikipedia_title: Melinda Gainsford-Taylor


text: politician

text: lawyer

text: Seville

text: Spain

text: Tucumán

text: Argentina

text: Spanish

text: Philip II

text: Catholic

text: Francisco Salcedo

text: Santiago del Estero

text: Salta

text: Arenales River

text: seaport

text: Santiago de Chile

text: Callao

text: Buenos Aires

text: Viceroyalty of Peru

text: Río de la Plata

text: Madrid

text: Paul Goussac

text: Armando Bazan

text: Salta Tourism

text: Tourism

categories: 1541 births,Spanish lawyers,16th-century deaths,City founders,Spanish people who died in prison custody,Spanish explorers,16th-century Spanish people,Spanish politicians,Year of death missing

paragraph: Hernando de Lerma

paragraph: Hernando de Lerma Polanco (born November 1, 1541) was a conqueror, politician, lawyer and city founder from Seville, Spain.

paragraph: On November 13, 1577, Lerma was named Governor of Tucumán, (in present Argentina) by Spanish King Philip II. Described by historians as a man of violence, de Lerma had problems with several people from the area, including fellow countrymen. Among those he persecuted were the spokesman of a Catholic bishop. He also disliked Francisco Salcedo, another Catholic man who built a church in Santiago del Estero.

paragraph: Many of de Lerma's opponents ended up in jail or being killed. Salcedo retired to another city and became convalescent, but he was returned to Tucumán by de Lerma's men after he found him. In Tucumán, Salcedo was tried and jailed. A large number of Salcedo's supporters were killed.

paragraph: In April 1582, de Lerma founded the city of Salta, next to the Arenales River. He foresaw Salta as an economic center, since the Spanish government had opened seaports in Santiago de Chile, Callao and Buenos Aires. Salta's situation between the Viceroyalty of Peru and the port at the Río de la Plata river, according to de Lerma, would be an advantage for the city, as it connected the city directly with the aforementioned places, and de Lerma believed that Madrid's government would re-route their shipments through Salta. He had the city named "Lerma City on Salta Valley". Hernando de Lerma befriended Indians who populated the area, believing their hands could be of help to him. He also attracted other Spaniards to the area.

paragraph: After he established the city, however, de Lerma had to face many new rivals and problems. More conquerors arrived in Salta and tried to seize the city, causing multiple feuds. The city went through many periods of disease, and it had been erected in an area with frequent tremors.

paragraph: In 1584, de Lerma was arrested and sentenced to jail in Salta. He appealed, and returned to Spain to take his case to the supreme court, but his appeal was rejected and he was sent to a Spanish jail. While it is known he died in jail, the year in which he died is not known.

paragraph: Historian Paul Goussac said that "de Lerma's administration was nothing but a series of criminal attempts." Salta-born historian Armando Bazan describes de Lerma "as malign as a disease" in one of his books.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Camdipsalta.gov.ar page about de Lerma, in Spanish

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salta Tourism (in Spanish)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tourism (in English)

description: Spanish conqueror and politician

wikidata_label: Hernando de Lerma

wikipedia_title: Hernando de Lerma


text:
New York City
RTL
Jeroen Pauw
RTL 4
AVRO
NCRV

categories: Dutch television presenters,Dutch people of Jewish descent,Dutch journalists,1956 births,Dutch television news presenters,Living people

paragraph: Loretta Schrijver

paragraph: Loretta Maxine Schrijver (born May 16, 1956 in New York City) is a Dutch television host.

paragraph: Schrijver started working for television after finishing her studies History and Translation Science, after which she became a famous television personality. She was a news anchor for RTL News since 1989, alongside Jeroen Pauw among others. In 2000 she exchanged RTL 4 for the AVRO and co-hosted the television program "Alle dieren tellen mee" ("All animals count"). After working there for a year she decided that public broadcasting didn't suit her and she returned to the RTL News.

paragraph: In 2005 she was acclaimed the most popular news anchor in the Netherlands in a survey.

paragraph: In an interview with the NCRV in May 2001, Loretta Schrijver, whose Jewish father survived the Holocaust, clearly distances herself from the position of victim society tends to put her in because of her family history.

description: Dutch television host

wikidata_label: Loretta Schrijver

wikipedia_title: Loretta Schrijver


text: Sri

text: Maharaja

text: Singhasari

text: Java

text: Indonesian archipelago

text: Kediri Kingdom

text: Ken Arok

text: Tantric

text: syncretism

text: Hinduism

text: Buddhism

text: divine god-king

text: Shiva

text: Buddha

text: spice trade

text: Maluku Islands

text: Javanese

text: Bali

text: Champa

text: Pamalayu expedition

text: Melayu Kingdom

text: Sunda Kingdom

text: Strait of Malacca

text: Madura Island

text: Borneo

text: Song China

text: Yuan dynasty

text: Southeast Asia

text: Kublai Khan

text: Genghis

text: ambassador

text: tribute

text: Pamalayu expedition

text: Sumatra

text: Jambi

text: Srivijaya

text: Islam

text: Jayakatwang

text: Singhasari

text: Raden Wijaya

text: Brantas delta

text: Majapahit

text: oncoming Mongol troops

text: Gayatri Rajapatni

text: Raden Wijaya

text: Rajasa dynasty

text: Majapahit

text: Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi

text: queen regnant

text: Hayam Wuruk

text: Nusantara

text: Mahaksobya

text: Wurare Inscription

text: History of Indonesia

text: Pararaton

text: Nagarakretagama

text: Timeline of Indonesia history

categories: 13th-century monarchs in Asia,Indonesian Buddhist monarchs,Singhasari,Javanese people

paragraph: Kertanegara of Singhasari

paragraph: Kertanegara of Singasari (full name Sri Maharajadiraja Sri Kertanegara Wikrama Dharmatunggadewa), Kritanagara, or Sivabuddha, (died 1292), was the last and most important ruler of the Singhasari kingdom of Java, reigning from 1268 to 1292. Under his rule Javanese trade and power developed considerably, reaching the far corners of the Indonesian archipelago.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Kertanegara was the fifth ruler of Singasari and was the son of the previous king, Wisnuwardhana (r. 1248–1268). He effectively held power from 1254 and officially succeeded his father when the latter died in 1268. The Singasari dynasty had come to power in Java following the overthrow of the previous Kediri Kingdom by Ken Arok, the first Singhasari ruler in 1222.

paragraph: Kertanegara was a follower of a mystical Tantric syncretism of Hinduism and Buddhism, and presented himself as the divine god-king incarnation of Shiva and Buddha. Kertanegara celebrated many religious festivals and commissioned sculptures and metal plaques during his reign.

paragraph: Section::::Conquests.

paragraph: Singhasari reached the height of its power during Kertanegara's rule, which saw the dramatic expansion of Javanese power into Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, and Bali. He extended Javanese involvement in the lucrative spice trade with the Maluku Islands. He also put down rebellions in Java by Cayaraja (Bhayaraja) in 1270 and Mahisha Rangkah in 1280.

paragraph: Kertanegara was the first Javanese ruler with territorial ambitions that extended beyond the island of Java. In 1284, he subjected nearby Bali to vassalage. Kertanagara managed to form an alliance with Champa, another dominant state in Southeast Asia.

paragraph: Late in his reign, the Pamalayu expedition succeeded in gaining control of the Melayu Kingdom in eastern Sumatra, and possibly also gained control over the Sunda Kingdom and hegemony over the Strait of Malacca. Other areas in Madura Island and Borneo also offered their submission to Kertanegara.

paragraph: Section::::Conflict with the Mongols.

paragraph: Following the conquest of Song China, the Mongol Yuan dynasty sought to extend its power in Southeast Asia. In 1289 Kublai Khan, Genghis' grandson, sent his own ambassadors to Java to ask for tribute. Kertanegara took grave offense to the request and arrested the envoys. He branded their faces, cut their ears and sent them back to China with disfigured faces.

paragraph: Knowing that the Mongols would send a military expedition to punish him, Kertanegara tried to solidify his power. Around 1290, he launched the Pamalayu expedition to Sumatra, in order to conquer Jambi in the south, one of successor states to Srivijaya. Jambi was one of the first Indonesian polities where Islam had established its presence, and it already entertained cordial relationships with Yuan China.

paragraph: Kublai Khan ordered that a strong punitive naval expedition be launched against the remote equatorial islands in order to punish Kertanegara in 1292.

paragraph: Section::::Rebellion of Jayakatwang.

paragraph: In the meantime, Kertanegara had dominated all of Java, but before the Mongol fleet arrived, a dramatic political change occurred. Jayakatwang, prince of Kediri and one of Singhasari's most powerful vassals, rebelled against his overlord. With the bulk of the Javanese army in campaign overseas and Singasari's defence weakened, Jayakatwang seized his chance and launched a coup against Kertanegara. He launched a diversionary attack to northern East Java, where his troops drew the remaining Singhasari troops left on the island away from the capital. With Kutaraja, the Singhasari capital defenseless, Jayakatwang attacked the capital city unnoticed from the mountainous southern region.

paragraph: Kertanegara was killed along with many courtiers in his palace in Singhasari in May or June 1292. Jayakatwang then declared himself ruler of Java and king of the restored Kediri Kingdom.

paragraph: Among the few surviving relatives of Kertanegara was his son-in-law, Raden Wijaya, who fled to Madura Island, where he was sheltered by its regent, Arya Viraraja. Vijaya then established himself in the lower Brantas delta, where he built a settlement that would grow into the mighty empire of Majapahit.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Raden Wijaya used the oncoming Mongol troops to overthrow Jayakatwang. Wijaya then betrayed his Mongol allies, who were exhausted after the war, drove them from Java and established Majapahit as one of the greatest empires to arise from within the area covered by the modern territory of Indonesia.

paragraph: Kertanegara had no male heir, but through his daughter Gayatri Rajapatni, who married Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara became the ancestor of Rajasa dynasty, the ruling dynasty of Majapahit. His daughter Gayatri and his granddaughter Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi would become queen regnant of Majapahit. His great-grandson Hayam Wuruk became the greatest king of Majapahit, which under his rule became one of the greatest empires in Nusantara.

paragraph: Kertanagara was later eulogized as Mahaksobya Dyani Buddha by his descendants in the Wurare Inscription.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Indonesia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pararaton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nagarakretagama

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of Indonesia history

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indonesia...from ancient times to middle ages

alias: Kritanagara Sivabuddha

description: Ruler of Javanese kingdom Singhasari

wikidata_label: Kertanegara of Singhasari

wikipedia_title: Kertanegara of Singhasari


text:
Vilnius
Kraków
Pax
Znak
Tygodnik Powszechny
Czesław Miłosz
Zagary
Boleslaw Chrobry

categories: 1979 deaths,Polish historians,20th-century historians,1907 births,People from Vilnius

paragraph: Antoni Gołubiew

paragraph: Antoni Gołubiew (February 25, 1907 in Vilnius – June 27, 1979 in Kraków), nicknames Goa, Jan Karol Wayda, Jerzy Cichocki, was a Polish historian, writer and a Catholic publicist. He was one of the cofounders of the pre World War II biweekly "Pax". After the war he wrote for the magazines "Znak", "Odra", and "Tygodnik Powszechny". He was also one of the organizers (together with, among others, Czesław Miłosz) of the poetry group Zagary. He is best known as the author of the four volume historical epic "Boleslaw Chrobry" which was written over the whole lifetime of the author. This epic tells the story of the founding and first years of existence of the Polish state.

description: Polish historian

wikidata_label: Antoni Gołubiew

wikipedia_title: Antoni Gołubiew


text:
American
baseball
catcher
Major League Baseball
Brooklyn Dodgers
professional baseball
Santa Barbara Saints
California League
Mobile Bears
Southern Association
batting average
1946
Leo Durocher
Mickey Owen
Mexican League
St. Louis Cardinals
1946 National League tie-breaker series
tiebreaker
Most Valuable Player Award
1947
home runs
runs batted in
Cardinals
1947 World Series
New York Yankees
1947 All-Star Game
1948
Roy Campanella
spring training
1951 All-Star Game
1952
pinch hitter
minor leagues
Springfield Cubs
player-manager
Des Moines Bruins
Western League
third baseman
1954
Los Angeles Angels
Pacific Coast League
Washington Senators
Cincinnati Reds
free agent
1956
Visalia Redlegs
games
hits
at bats
on-base percentage
fielding percentage
putout
caught stealing
Rex Barney
no-hitter
New York Giants

categories: Visalia Redlegs players,Minor league baseball managers,Brooklyn Dodgers players,Sportspeople from Quincy, Illinois,Vancouver Mounties players,1923 births,Washington Senators (1901–60) players,National League All-Stars,Santa Barbara Saints players,Springfield Cubs players,Mobile Bears players,Baseball player-managers,Major League Baseball catchers,Chicago Cubs players,Memphis Chickasaws players,Durham Bulls players,Des Moines Bruins players,Cincinnati Redlegs players,Baseball players from Illinois,1975 deaths,Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players

paragraph: Bruce Edwards (baseball)

paragraph: Charles Bruce Edwards (July 15, 1923 – April 25, 1975) was an American professional baseball player. He played for ten seasons as a catcher in Major League Baseball from to and from to , most notably for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.

paragraph: Edwards began his professional baseball career in at the age of 17 with the Santa Barbara Saints of the California League. After serving in the United States Army during the Second World War, he returned to baseball in with the Mobile Bears of the Southern Association, where he posted a .332 batting average. In June 1946, Edwards' contract was purchased from Mobile by the Brooklyn Dodgers.

paragraph: Edwards made his major league debut with the Dodgers on June 23, 1946 at the age of 22 and was installed as the Dodgers' starting catcher by manager Leo Durocher, after Mickey Owen had fled the team to join the Mexican League. He hit for a .246 batting average as the Dodgers battled the St. Louis Cardinals in a tight pennant race. The two teams ended the season tied for first place and met in the 1946 National League tie-breaker series. It was the first playoff tiebreaker in Major League Baseball history. The Cardinals won the first two games of the best-of-three game series to capture the National League pennant. Edwards finished in fourteenth place in balloting for the National League Most Valuable Player Award.

paragraph: By the beginning of the 1947 season, Edwards was considered one of the top catchers in the league. He had the best season of his career, hitting for a .295 batting average along with 9 home runs and 80 runs batted in, as the Dodgers won the National League pennant by five games over the Cardinals. Edwards started every game of the 1947 World Series as the Dodgers were defeated in seven games by the New York Yankees. He hit into a Series-ending double play in the ninth inning of Game 7. Edwards finished fourth in balloting for National League Most Valuable Player Award, and was named to the National League team as a reserve in the 1947 All-Star Game.

paragraph: In 1948, infield troubles forced the Dodgers to move Edwards to third base for half of the season while rookie Roy Campanella was brought up from the minor leagues to play as catcher. His batting average dropped to .276 with 8 home runs and 56 runs batted in, as the Dodgers fell to third place in the National League. An arm injury incurred during spring training in 1948 as well as the blossoming of Campanella as a hitter eventually relegated Edwards to second-string status, although he was still considered among the best catchers in the National League.

paragraph: On June 15, 1951, Edwards was traded by the Brooklyn Dodgers to the Chicago Cubs as part of an eight-player trade. In July, he earned his second All-Star berth when he was named as a reserve in the 1951 All-Star Game. Edwards appeared in only 50 games in 1952, mostly as a pinch hitter.

paragraph: In , he was sent down to the minor leagues where he played for the Springfield Cubs before becoming the player-manager for the Cubs' minor league affiliate, the Des Moines Bruins of the Western League. Edwards played as a third baseman and hit .321 while he managed Des Moines to a fourth-place finish, winning the Western League play off championship. He performed so well that the Cubs announced in October that he would return to the major leagues as a third baseman. However, after appearing in only four games with the Cubs in April 1954, he returned to the minor leagues where he played for the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League, posting a .298 batting average in 106 games.

paragraph: In December 1954, he returned to the major leagues again when his contract was purchased from the Angels by the Washington Senators. After only one season with the Senators, Edwards was released during spring training in 1956. He signed by the Cincinnati Reds as a free agent in July 1956 and played in his final major league game on September 13, 1956. Edwards returned to the minor leagues to play two seasons with the Visalia Redlegs before ending his playing career in at the age of 34.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: In a ten-year major league career, Edwards played in 591 games, accumulating 429 hits in 1,675 at bats for a .256 career batting average along with 39 home runs, 241 runs batted in and an on-base percentage of .335. He ended his career with a .982 fielding percentage. A two-time All-Star, Edwards led National League catchers once in putouts and once in baserunners caught stealing. Edwards was the Dodgers' catcher on September 9, , when pitcher Rex Barney threw a no-hitter against the New York Giants.

paragraph: Edwards died of a heart attack in his home in Sacramento, California, on April 25, , at the age of 51.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Bruce Edwards

wikipedia_title: Bruce Edwards (baseball)


text:
Roman
Christian
saint
Roman Catholic
cathedral
Solothurn
Switzerland
Theban Legion
Victor of Solothurn
Roman Martyrology
Eucherius of Lyon
beheaded
Maximian
Geneva
relics
Solothurn Madonna
Hans Holbein the Younger

categories: 3rd-century Christian martyrs,Swiss Roman Catholic saints,Solothurn,3rd-century births,Saints from Roman Egypt

paragraph: Ursus of Solothurn

paragraph: Ursus of Solothurn was a 3rd-century Roman Christian venerated as a saint. He is the patron of the Roman Catholic cathedral in Solothurn, Switzerland, where his body is located. He was associated very early with the Theban Legion and Victor of Solothurn, for instance in the "Roman Martyrology". The "Life of Ursus" was written by Saint Eucherius of Lyon in the 5th century; it recounts that Ursus was tortured and beheaded under Emperor Maximian and the governor Hyrtacus for refusing to worship idols around 286.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: The first church dedicated to Ursus in Solothurn was probably built after Viktor's remains were taken to Geneva in the late 5th century. His relics are displayed in churches throughout Switzerland, and his coffin was found in 1519. He is also depicted in the Solothurn Madonna by Hans Holbein the Younger. His feast day is September 30.

alias:
Ursus Solodurensis
Sant'Urso

description: Egyptian saint

wikidata_label: Ursus of Solothurn

wikipedia_title: Ursus of Solothurn


text:
Hosokawa Yoriharu
Yamana clan
Ashikaga Yoshiakira
Hosokawa Kiyouji
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Hōjō
Kenmu
sumptuary law
Kinkaku-ji
Shitsuji
Shiba
Hatakeyama clan
Kō no Moronao

paragraph: Hosokawa Yoriyuki

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: The son of Hosokawa Yoriharu, Yoriyuki served the shogunate as a military commander, and fought the Yamana clan, and ultimately achieved victory over them in 1361. He commanded shogunal forces in a number of battles, and while serving under Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Yoriyuki killed his cousin, Hosokawa Kiyouji, who had defected to the other side.

paragraph: Yoriyuki was appointed Shōgun's Deputy in 1367, when Yoshiakira was very ill; on his deathbed, Yoshiakira entrusted Yoriyuki with the care of his son Yoshimitsu. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu became shōgun the following year, at the age of ten. For the next six years, Yoriyuki served as his chief minister. The "government under his guidance was stern and just, and unruly vassals were subjected to a discipline not unlike that of the Hōjō Regency in its prime". Inspired by the policies of the Kenmu era of thirty years earlier, Yoriyuki sought to introduce and maintain discipline and loyalty among the various samurai families and to suppress forces of dissent. To that end, he promulgated sumptuary laws, placing strict guidelines on the kinds of luxury items samurai could wear, and certain extravagant customs, such as the exchanging of New Year's gifts. When Yoshimitsu came of age, he would reject notions of frugality, and would take issue with Yoriyuki over this particular element of policy; Yoshimitsu's retirement villa, the gold-covered Kinkaku-ji, serves as a good example of the degree to which he did not care for thrift.

paragraph: To further encourage the loyalty of the most powerful clans at Court, Yoriyuki created the post of Kanrei (the "shōgun"s deputy had previously been called "Shitsuji") and proposed that his family, the Hosokawa, should share the post with the Shiba and Hatakeyama clans, alternating appointments between the clans. He saw to the enforcement of the property rights of hereditary landlords, religious groups, and Imperial lands, seeking to extend the military and legal powers of the shogunate to protect these lands from being seized by force by roving warlords. Several of these warlords, associated with the former Deputy Kō no Moronao, had been issuing orders and edicts in the name of the shogunate; this, too, was put to an end.

paragraph: Yoriyuki also saw to the development of the shogunate's administrative procedures. Under the previous two shoguns, affairs were largely handled personally, with very little organization or procedure. Under Yoriyuki's guidance, administrative methods were established, and the government's operations organized to a significant degree.

paragraph: Though largely successful in increasing the power of the shogunate, and establishing modes of administrative organization, Yoriyuki eventually drew the ire of members of the other samurai families, who accused him of collecting power for himself. In 1379, he was asked by the shōgun to resign.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Hosokawa Yoriharu (1304–1352)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Kurosawa Zen'in

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Daughter of Priest Jomyoin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adopted Sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hosokawa Yorimoto (1343–1397)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hosokawa Motoyuki

description: Samurai of the Hosokawa clan

wikidata_label: Hosokawa Yoriyuki

wikipedia_title: Hosokawa Yoriyuki


text:
indigenous
Dolores Cacuango
Premio Eugenio Espejo
Lucio Gutiérrez
Communist Party
Rafael Correa
Lenín Moreno

categories: Ecuadorian activists,1909 births,2009 deaths

paragraph: Tránsito Amaguaña

paragraph: Rosa Elena Tránsito Amaguaña Alba (September 10, 1909 – May 10, 2009) was an Ecuadorian leader of the indigenous movement and one of the founders of the Ecuadorian Indian Federation (FEI) along with Dolores Cacuango. She was awarded the Premio Eugenio Espejo in 2003 by President Lucio Gutiérrez for her lifetime work in the indigenous movement.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born into a family of slaves and‘property’ of the landowner , Tránsito Amaguaña helped her parents on their small piece of land. The family worked seven days a week for no pay and in return could cultivate food on that land to grow and eat.

paragraph: As it was common for girls to be raped by the landowners, Tránsito’s mother decided her daughter would be better marrying an older man. She was married at the age of 15 to a 25-year-old and became pregnant almost immediately. Tránsito’s husband was cruel and beat her repeatedly. The young Tránsito became involved in the Socialist Party and on discovering this her husband beat her so violently that he tired himself out, the next morning she discovered her baby dead in his cot.

paragraph: Transito continued to attend meetings and became more and more involved in politics and the injustices of the indigenous people of Ecuador. By the time she was able to free herself from her violent husband she had two more children by him.

paragraph: On her own, Tránsito continued to work the land in exchange for food for herself and her children. In 1930 she helped to set up the first indigenous organization of her country and took part in 26 marches to the capital, Quito, to demand justice for her people. Quito was 66 kilometers from her home and Tránsito did this carrying her two children.

paragraph: She helped organize and took part in the first worker’s union. One strike lasted three months until the military moved in and destroyed the workers homes and detained them. Tránsito had to live the next 15 months of her life in hiding from the authorities. Among her people she was greatly admired, but the authorities constantly threatened her. She later joined the Communist Party and traveled to Cuba and the Soviet Union to represent the Ecuadorian people. Tránsito was arrested on return from one of these tours and detained, accused of trafficking weapons and Bolshevik money to incite revolution, all she had was documentation for promoting land reforms. She was released after 4 months after being made to sign a declaration that she would not continue ‘agitating’ her people. But of course she did not stop, in true style of the revolutionary woman that she was, she continued her work, fighting for equality and justice for her people.

paragraph: Tránsito retired on a state pension and died of unknown causes in her home village of Pesillo in 2009. Her funeral was attended by President Rafael Correa and vice president Lenín Moreno and various indigenous leaders.

description: Ecuadorian activist

wikidata_label: Tránsito Amaguaña

wikipedia_title: Tránsito Amaguaña


text:
Italian
sculptor
High Renaissance
Jacopo Sansovino
Monte San Savino
Arezzo
Antonio Pollaiuolo
Florence
terra cotta
Santo Spirito
Portugal
Coimbra
Donatello
Genoa Cathedral
Battistero di San Giovanni
Vincenzo Danti
Pope Julius II
Santa Maria in Aracoeli
Andrea Bregno
Ascanio Maria Sforza
Girolamo della Rovere
Santa Maria del Popolo
Rome
Sant'Agostino
Loreto
Santa Casa
Raffaello da Montelupo
Tribolo
Giorgio Vasari
Lives

categories: Italian Renaissance sculptors,Tuscan sculptors,1529 deaths,People from the Province of Arezzo,15th-century Italian sculptors,Italian male sculptors,1460s births

paragraph: Andrea Sansovino

paragraph: Andrea dal Monte Sansovino or Andrea Contucci del Monte San Savino (1529) was an Italian sculptor active during the High Renaissance. His pupils include Jacopo Sansovino (no relation).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was the son of Domenico Contucci of Monte Sansovino, and was born at Monte San Savino near Arezzo, hence his name, which is usually softened to Sansovino.

paragraph: He was a pupil of Antonio Pollaiuolo, and at first worked in the style of 15th-century Florence. His early works are the terra cotta altarpiece in Santa Chiara at Monte San Savino, and the marble reliefs of the "Annunciation", the "Coronation of the Virgin", a "Pietà", the "Last Supper", and various statuettes in the Corbinelli chapel of Santo Spirito at Florence, all executed between the years 1488 and 1491.

paragraph: From 1493 to 1500 Andrea worked in Portugal for the king, and some pieces of sculpture by him still exist in the monastic church of Coimbra. These early reliefs show strongly the influence of Donatello. His first known works after his return to Rome are a "Madonna" and a "Baptist" in Genoa Cathedral. The beginning of a more pagan style is shown in the statues of "St. John Baptizing Christ" over the east door of the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence (1505). This group was, however, finished by the weaker hand of Vincenzo Danti. In this period he executed the marble font at Volterra, with good reliefs of the "Four Virtues" and the "Baptism of Christ".

paragraph: In 1504 Sansovino was invited to Rome by Pope Julius II to make the monument of Cardinal Manzi in Santa Maria in Aracoeli (influenced by the Lombard style of Andrea Bregno) and those of Cardinals Ascanio Maria Sforza and Girolamo della Rovere for the retro-choir of Santa Maria del Popolo. The architectural parts of these monuments and their sculptured foliage are extremely graceful and executed with the most minute delicacy, but the recumbent effigies show the beginning of a serious decline in taste. These tombs became models which for many years were copied by most later sculptors with increasing exaggerations of their defects.

paragraph: In 1512, while still in Rome, Sansovino executed a very beautiful group of the "Madonna and Child with St. Anne", now over one of the side altars in the church of Sant'Agostino. From 1513 to 1528 he was at Loreto, where he cased the outside of the Santa Casa in white marble, covered with reliefs and statuettes in niches between engaged columns; a small part of this sculpture was the work of Andrea, but the greater part was executed by Raffaello da Montelupo, Tribolo and others of his assistants and pupils. Though the general effect is rich and magnificent, the individual pieces of sculpture are both dull and feeble. The earlier reliefs, those by Sansovino himself, are the best.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giorgio Vasari includes a biography of Sansovino in his "Lives".

alias:
Andrea Contucci
Andrea dal Monte Sansovino Sansovino
Andrea dal Monte San Savino
Andrea del Monte San Savino
Andrea dal Monte San Sansovino
Contucci Sansovino
Andrea dal Monte Sansovino
Andrea Dal Monte San Savino Sansovino
Sansovino
Sansovino andrea
andrea sansovino

description: Italian artist

wikidata_label: Andrea Sansovino

wikipedia_title: Andrea Sansovino


text:
polemarch
Battle of Marathon
Herodotus
Attica
Afidnes
strategoi
Miltiades
Plataea
Plutarch
Cynaegirus
Stoa Poikile
Nike of Callimachus
Artemis
Agrotera
Nike (Victory) of Callimachus
Parthenon
Acropolis of Athens
Nike
Parian marble
Acropolis Museum
culture and tourism ministry of Greece
Battle of Marathon
Second Persian invasion of Greece

categories: Battle of Marathon,490 BC deaths,5th-century BC Athenians,Ancient Greeks killed in battle,Athenians of the Greco-Persian Wars

paragraph: Callimachus (polemarch)

paragraph: Callimachus ( "Kallímakhos") was the Athenian polemarch at the Battle of Marathon which took place during 490 BC. According to Herodotus he was from the Attica deme of Afidnes.

paragraph: Section::::The Battle of Marathon.

paragraph: As polemarch, Callimachus had a vote in military affairs along with the 10 "strategoi", including Miltiades. Miltiades convinced Callimachus to vote in favour of a battle when the "strategoi" were split evenly on the matter.

paragraph: Miltiades is supposed to have said to Callimachus just before the polemarch cast his vote: “Everything now rests on you.”

paragraph: During the battle, as polemarch, Callimachus commanded the right wing of the Athenian army as was the Athenian custom at that time. The right and left wings (the left wing commanded by the Plataeans) surrounded the Persians after a seemingly suicidal charge by the centre line.

paragraph: Although the Greeks were victorious, Callimachus was killed during the retreat of the Persians while he was chasing them to their ships.

paragraph: Plutarch, in his work: "Moralia. Greek and Roman Parallel Stories" mentions that Callimachus was pierced with so many spears that, even when he was dead, he continued to be in a upright posture.

paragraph: There was a custom at Athens that the father of the man who had the most valorous death in a battle should pronounce the funerary oration in public. So, after the battle of Marathon, the father of Callimachus and the father of Cynaegirus had an argument about who of their sons were the bravest.

paragraph: Callimachus was portrayed among the Athenian gods and heroes on the wall‐paintings of the Stoa Poikile. The Athenians erected a statue in honour of Callimachus, the "Nike of Callimachus".

paragraph: According to some sources, before the battle, Callimachus promised that if the Greeks won, he would sacrifice to Artemis Agrotera as many goats as the number of Persians killed at the battlefield. Athenians kept his promise, in spirit, and every year sacrificed 500 goats, because they didn't have enough goats for every single Persian who was killed at the battle (6,400).

paragraph: Section::::The statue of the "Nike of Callimachus".

paragraph: After the battle of Marathon, Athenians created a statue in honour of Callimachus. The statue was the ""Nike (Victory) of Callimachus"" and it was erected next to the Parthenon (not the Parthenon that we can see today, but the previous temple which was destroyed by the Persians) on the Acropolis of Athens.

paragraph: The statue was severely damaged by the Persians when a decade later they conquered Athens and burned and destroyed the city. The statue depicts Nike (Victory), in the form of a woman with wings, on top of an inscribed column. Its height is 4.68 meters and was made of Parian marble. The head of the statue and parts of the torso and hands were never recovered.

paragraph: On 26 October 2010, after the "Nike of Callimachus" was restored, it was displayed to the public for the first time as a complete monument at the Acropolis Museum. The statue has been affixed to a metal column that holds the various parts in place and is built so that additional fragments might be attached if they are found. The unveiling of the Nike monument was among a series of events scheduled by the culture and tourism ministry of Greece to celebrate the 2,500th anniversary since the Battle of Marathon. In the Museum in front of the original statue there is also a copy showing how the statue looked like when it was whole and undamaged.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Marathon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Persian invasion of Greece

description: Athenian archon polemarch in 490 BCE

wikidata_label: Callimachus

wikipedia_title: Callimachus (polemarch)


text:
Zeulenroda
Germany
Boston
Boston Massacre Memorial
Boston Common
Columbian Exposition
Forest Hills Cemetery
Grand Prize of Rome
Prussia
Belshazzar
Danvers, Massachusetts

paragraph: Adolph Robert Kraus

paragraph: Adolph Robert Kraus (August 5, 1850 - November 7, 1901), known professionally as Robert Kraus, was an American sculptor, born in Zeulenroda, Germany and active in Boston.

paragraph: Kraus immigrated to the United States in 1881, and is best known for his sculpture of the Boston Massacre Memorial in Boston Common, the winged Victory figures that crowned the towers of Machinery Hall in the Columbian Exposition of 1893, and the Randidge monument in Forest Hills Cemetery. He won the Grand Prize of Rome and was a pensioner of the Prussian government before moving to the United States. His death was hastened by madness induced by failure to complete a sculpture of Belshazzar at the moment of seeing the handwriting on the wall; he died in Danvers, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events", D. Appleton and company, 1902, page 441.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "American architect and architecture", The American Architect, volumes 71-74, 1901, page 50.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthony Mitchell Sammarco, "Forest Hills Cemetery", Arcadia Publishing, 2009, page 80. .

description: American sculptor

wikidata_label: Adolph Robert Kraus

wikipedia_title: Adolph Robert Kraus


text:
Sikkim
Mount Everest
Padma Shri
Padma Bhushan
Sikkim
Kangchenjunga
Indian Air Force
Himalayan Mountaineering Institute
Darjeeling
Nanda Devi
Cho Oyu
Cho Oyu
Annapurna III
Hathi Parbat
S Col-SE Ridge
India Posts
Siniolchu
New Delhi
frost bite
Padma Shri
Padma Bhushan
Arjuna Award
Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
Gangtok
Mountaineering in India
List of Mount Everest records
Tenzing Norgay
Edmund Hillary
Bachendri Pal

categories: Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports,Recipients of the Arjuna Award,Indian summiters of Mount Everest,Mountain climbers from Sikkim,World record holders,Indian mountain climbers,1968 deaths,Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in sports,1923 births

paragraph: Sonam Gyatso (mountaineer)

paragraph: Sonam Gyatso (1923–1968) was an Indian mountaineer and the first person from Sikkim to summit Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world. He became the oldest person to scale the peak in 1965 and when he spent 50 minutes at the peak, he set a world record for spending the longest time at the highest point on Earth. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honor of the Padma Shri in 1962 and followed it up with the third highest honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1965, for his contributions to the sport of mountaineering.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in 1923 at Kewzing, a south Sikkimese village at the foot of Kangchenjunga in Northeast India, Sonam Gyatso started his career in 1946 as a school teacher at Lachung, in the northern part of the state. After three years of service, he joined the Frontier Constabulary Force of the Indian Air Force as a head constable in 1949 which gave him the opportunity to attend a basic mountaineering course at the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, Darjeeling in 1954. His first chance at mountaineering came in 1957 when he was selected for the Nanda Devi expedition, but the attempt was unsuccessful. However, he completed his first successful expedition when he scaled the 26,897 ft of Cho Oyu peak in 1958, as a member of an all-Indian expedition, the first time an Indian team climbed a peak of that height.

paragraph: Gyatso followed his Cho Oyu success with several successful climbs such as Annapurna III in 1961, Kanchengyao in 1961, Hathi Parbat in 1963, Rathong peak and Langpo Chung in 1964. In between, he attempted Mount Everest twice, in 1960 and 1962, but could not scale the peak on both attempts, though he reached up to 700 ft and 400 ft to the summit. Subsequently, he attempted Everest through the S Col-SE Ridge route and on 22 May 1965, he reached the summit at the age of 42 as a member of the first all-Indian Everest expedition, thus becoming the first person from Sikkim and the oldest person among all mountaineers to summit the peak. He spent 50 minutes at the top without oxygen supply which was then a world record. His record stood for over 13 years till Pierre Mazeaud summitted the peak on 15 October 1978 at the age of 49. The attempt also set another world record for the highest number of successful climbers in a single expedition; the team strength of 9 members broke the record set earlier by an American expedition of 6 members. India Posts issued a postage stamp in commemoration of the achievement. Later, he also scaled the Siniolchu peak.

paragraph: Gyatso was married to Kunzang Choden and the couple had five children. Gyatso was serving as the founder principal of Sonam Gyatso Mountaineering Institute (SGMI) when he died on 22 April 1968 at a hospital in New Delhi, at the age of 45, succumbing to frost bite suffered during one of his trials.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: After two successful expeditions and before his second failed attempt on Everest, the Government of India awarded Gaytso the honor of the Padma Shri in 1962. The government followed it up with the higher award of the Padma Bhushan in January 1965, four months before his successful Everest climb in May. The Government of Sikkim honored him with their highest civilian award of Pema Dorji Award the same year and he received one more honor, the Arjuna Award from the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the second highest Indian sports award. He also received the Gold Medal from Indian Mountaineering Foundation (IMF), in 1960 after his first attempt on Everest. The Old Tibet Road in Gangtok has since been renamed as "Sonam Gyatso Marg" in his honor. The mountaineering institute in Rathong, Sikkim where he served as the founder principal, is now known as "Sonam Gyatso Mountaineering Institute" since 1968.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mountaineering in India

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Mount Everest records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tenzing Norgay

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmund Hillary

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bachendri Pal

description: mountaineer

wikidata_label: Sonam Gyatso

wikipedia_title: Sonam Gyatso (mountaineer)


text: Indo

text: ethnic Chinese

text: Dutch East Indies

text: Semarang

text: Surabaya

text: wayang golek

text: Red Cross

text: Star Film

text: Pah Wongso Pendekar Boediman

text: Pah Wongso Tersangka

text: Tegal, Central Java

text: Dutch East Indies

text: Surabaya

text: Indo

text: senior high school

text: Semarang

text: Jakarta

text: amanuensis

text: West Java

text: wayang golek

text: Malay

text: Javanese

text: Red Cross

text: Yogyakarta

text: fighting against the Japanese

text: f.

text: indigene

text: Star Film

text: Pah Wongso Pendekar Boediman

text: hajji

text: Saeroen

text: Pah Wongso Tersangka

text: Empire of Japan

text: Bandung

text: Malaya

text: Bond Motors

text: Sukarno

text: Java

text: Bengkulu

text: wayang

text: Media related to Pah Wongso

text: Facebook

text: The former employment office

text: Google Street View

text: Media related to Pah Wongso

text: Dutch Royal Library

categories: People from Tegal, Central Java,Indonesian social workers,Indo people,1975 deaths,Indonesian male film actors,1904 births,Red Cross personnel,20th-century Indonesian male actors

paragraph: Pah Wongso

paragraph: Louis Victor Wijnhamer (11 February 1904 – 13 May 1975), better known as Pah Wongso (), was an Indo social worker popular within the ethnic Chinese community of what was at the time the Dutch East Indies, and subsequently became Indonesia. Educated in Semarang and Surabaya, Pah Wongso began his social work in the early 1930s, using traditional arts such as "wayang golek" to promote such causes as monogamy and abstinence. By 1938, he had established a school for the poor, and was raising money for the Red Cross to send aid to China.

paragraph: In late 1938, Pah Wongso used a legal defense fund, which had been raised for him when he was charged with extortion, in order to establish another school; this was followed by an employment center in 1939. In 1941, Star Film released two productions, "Pah Wongso Pendekar Boediman" and "Pah Wongso Tersangka", starring him and featuring his name in the title. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Pah Wongso was held in a series of concentration camps in South-East Asia. He returned to the then-independent Indies by 1948, and raised funds for the Red Cross and ran an employment office until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and social work.

paragraph: Louis Victor Wijnhamer was born on 11 February 1904 in Tegal, Central Java, in the Dutch East Indies. One of three siblings, Wijnhamer was born to an ethnic Dutch administrator from Surabaya, Louis Gregorius Wijnhamer and J. F. Ihnen; he was of Indo descent. He studied at the senior high school in Semarang, before spending some time at the Suikerschool in Surabaya, later arriving in Batavia (now Jakarta). There, between 1927 and 1937, he worked as an amanuensis at the School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen.

paragraph: By the early 1930s, Wijnhamer, known as Pah Wongso, was recognised in West Java for his promotion of social causes. These included promoting monogamy and faith in Western medicine, as well as combating gambling and the use of opium and alcohol. In conveying his messages he often used the Sundanese "wayang golek" (a form of rod puppet), as the local people were generally unable to read. He was able to speak Dutch, Malay, and Javanese fluently, and had some command of Chinese and Japanese. This social work was funded predominantly from Pah Wongso's day job, selling fried peanuts ("kacang goreng").

paragraph: By 1938 Pah Wongso had married and opened a school for poor children, particularly those of mixed Chinese descent, in Gang Patikee; it was funded by donations. He was also a member of the Indies branch of the Red Cross, and recognized for his humanitarian work. He organised night fairs in various cities in the Indies (including in Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya), holding auctions and selling drinks and snacks in order to raise money to send aid to China, then fighting against the Japanese.

paragraph: Section::::Establishment of schools and popularity.

paragraph: After one of these fairs, in Yogyakarta, Pah Wongso was arrested for writing a threatening letter to Liem Tek Hien, who refused to pay f. 10 for a walking stick he said that he had not purchased, and held at Struiswijk Prison in Batavia. He was charged with "attempted extortion and unpleasant treatment". The case was widely followed by ethnic Chinese in the Indies, and the magazine "Keng Po" established a defense fund for Pah Wongso, which raised more than f. 1,300 by mid-June 1938; this had reached almost f. 2,000 by the end of the month. The case was brought to trial on 24 June 1938. Although Liem regretted reporting Pah Wongso to the police, the prosecutor called for a two-month sentence, while the defence asked for an acquittal, or time served.

paragraph: Ultimately, on 28 June 1938 the judge gave a sentence of one month – equal to the time Pah Wongso had served – and he was released. Pah Wongso appealed the court sentence, calling for an acquittal; in August 1938 his sentence was reduced to a 25-cent fine. The defense fund collected by "Keng Po", totaling almost f. 3,500 by August, was allocated to the establishment of a school; on 8 August 1938 the Pah Wongso Crèches school for impoverished youth opened at 20 Blandongan St. in Batavia. By the end of the year Pah Wongso had participated in a march on opium use and been featured in a special issue of "Fu Len".

paragraph: In 1939 Pah Wongso expanded his school in Blandongan to include an employment office. Established with f. 1,000, the office was located above the school and by November 1939 was training 22 job seekers. The Pah Wongso Crèches, meanwhile, served more than 200 ethnic Chinese and indigene students. He continued speaking out against the working conditions in the Indies, giving a lecture to a 1,000-strong audience at the Queens Theatre in Batavia in October 1939. He remained highly popular with the ethnic Chinese.

paragraph: In 1941, Star Film made two films starring Pah Wongso to take advantage of his popularity. The first, "Pah Wongso Pendekar Boediman" ("Pah Wongso the Cultured Warrior"), depicted him as a nut seller who investigates the murder of a rich hajji. It was released to popular acclaim, although the journalist Saeroen suggest this was predominantly because of Pah Wongso's existing popularity within the Chinese community. A second film, a comedy titled "Pah Wongso Tersangka", depicted Pah Wongso as a suspect in an investigation and was released in December 1941. Writing in the magazine "Pertjatoeran Doenia dan Film", "S." praised the introduction of comedy to the Indies' film industry, and expressed hope that the film would "leave audiences rolling with laughter".

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In March 1942, the Empire of Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies. Pah Wongso was captured in Bandung on 8 March, and spent three years in a series of concentration camps in South-East Asia, including in Thailand, Singapore and Malaya. He returned to the Indies, now independent and known as Indonesia, by 1948, when he established the "Tulung Menulung" (literally "mutual assistance") social office; he also worked for Bond Motors' Jakarta branch. In the mid-1950s he met President Sukarno, and by 1957 a biography of Pah Wongso was for sale. He and his wife Gouw Tan Nio (also known as Leny Wijnhamer) had their fifth child on 3 February 1955.

paragraph: Pah Wongso continued to raise money for the Red Cross by selling fried peanuts. He also continued to operate his school in Blandongan, as well as the employment office, which trained young men and women for positions such as maids, gardeners, and bellhops, then placed them with employers. Several of Pah Wongso's students came from islands other than Java. "De Nieuwsgier" gave the story of one young man, from Bengkulu, who had come to Java to study, been robbed of all his possessions while in Jakarta, then been helped by Pah Wongso to find work.

paragraph: Pah Wongso continued operating his school and employment office, under the auspices of the Pah Wongso Foundation, into the 1970s. He touted that the foundation had found positions for 1,000 young women and 11,000 young men, and advertisements offering to place labourers were issued in Indonesian, English, and Dutch. The institution also provided printing services; wrote letters on demand in English, Dutch, and Indonesian; and provided "wayang" performances with four kinds of puppets. Pah Wongso died in Jakarta on 13 May 1975.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Media related to Pah Wongso at the Lin Liu-hsin Puppet Theatre Museum (via Facebook)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The former employment office, on Google Street View

paragraph: BULLET::::- Media related to Pah Wongso in the Dutch Royal Library.

alias:
Louis Victor Wijnhamer, Jr.
L. V. Wijnhamer, Jr.

description: Ethnic Dutch social worker and educator

wikidata_label: Pah Wongso

wikipedia_title: Pah Wongso


text:
Paris
Frassino
Frassino
Women's Club
The Bride Is Much Too Beautiful
Un dollaro di fifa
The Golden Arrow
Ulysses Against the Son of Hercules
Mare matto
The Reunion
The Swindlers
Secret of the Chinese Carnation
La donnaccia
Secret Agent Fireball
Spiaggia libera
OSS 77 – Operazione fior di loto
The Double Bed
I Kill, You Kill
Libido
Ring Around the World
The Fantastic Argoman
Fire of Love
The Curse of Belphegor
Train for Durango
Between God, the Devil and a Winchester
The Unnaturals - Contronatura
And the Crows Will Dig Your Grave
The Blonde in the Blue Movie
Gang War
Il sindacalista
Who Saw Her Die?
All the Colors of the Dark
Il prato macchiato di rosso
Lovers and Other Relatives
Faccia di spia

categories: 20th-century French actresses,1934 births,Italian film actresses,Actresses from Paris,French stage actresses,20th-century Italian actresses,French film actresses,Living people

paragraph: Dominique Boschero

paragraph: Dominique Boschero (born 27 April 1934) is a French-Italian actress.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Born in Paris by Italian parents, Boschero spent her childhood in Frassino, Italy with her grandparents until the age of 15, when she returned to Paris. After debuting on stage and in films in the mid-1950s, in 1960 she moved back in Italy, where she became a star of genre films, with occasional performances in dramatic and humorous roles. In the 1970s she slowed her activities, retiring in the mid-1970s. She currently lives in Frassino.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women's Club" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bride Is Much Too Beautiful" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un dollaro di fifa" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden Arrow" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ulysses Against the Son of Hercules" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mare matto" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Reunion" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Swindlers" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secret of the Chinese Carnation" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La donnaccia" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secret Agent Fireball" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spiaggia libera" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "OSS 77 – Operazione fior di loto" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Double Bed" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Kill, You Kill" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Libido" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ring Around the World" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fantastic Argoman" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fire of Love" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Curse of Belphegor" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Train for Durango" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Between God, the Devil and a Winchester" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Unnaturals - Contronatura" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "And the Crows Will Dig Your Grave" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blonde in the Blue Movie" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gang War" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Il sindacalista" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who Saw Her Die?" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All the Colors of the Dark" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Il prato macchiato di rosso" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lovers and Other Relatives" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Faccia di spia" (1975)

description: actress

wikidata_label: Dominique Boschero

wikipedia_title: Dominique Boschero


text:
Kivijärvi
Finnish
Parliament of Finland
Agrarian League
Paavo Vesterinen

categories: Members of the Parliament of Finland (1945–48),1885 births,Centre Party (Finland) politicians,Members of the Parliament of Finland (1930–33),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1933–36),Ministers of Agriculture of Finland,Members of the Parliament of Finland (1948–51),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1924–27),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1927–29),People from Kivijärvi,Members of the Parliament of Finland (1922–24),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1939–45),Ministers of Social Affairs of Finland,Members of the Parliament of Finland (1929–30),People from Vaasa Province (Grand Duchy of Finland),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1919–22),Members of the Parliament of Finland (1936–39),1958 deaths

paragraph: Vihtori Vesterinen

paragraph: Vihtori Vesterinen (27 January 1885 in Kivijärvi – 28 June 1958) was a Finnish farmer and politician. He served as Deputy Minister of Agriculture from 31 March 1925 to 13 December 1926 and again from 17 December 1927 to 16 October 1928, Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 7 October 1936 to 13 December 1937, Minister of Agriculture from 9 November 1945 to 29 July 1948, Deputy Minister of Social Affairs from 17 March 1950 to 17 January 1951, Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 31 March 1950 to 17 January 1951 and Minister of Social Affairs from 17 January to 20 September 1951. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 to 1951, representing the Agrarian League. He was the father of Paavo Vesterinen.

description: Finnish politician

wikidata_label: Vihtori Vesterinen

wikipedia_title: Vihtori Vesterinen


text:
Amsterdam
Netherlands
NON Records
French
Kitsuné Maison
PlayStation Vita
Metrico
Grand Theft Auto V
Dutch
nightclub
Vice Magazine
3VOOR12
Berlin
ambient house
psychedelia
Italo disco
The Fader
Red Bull Music Academy
Belgian
electronic music
Soulwax
Rockstar Games
Grand Theft Auto V
video game industry
Sony
PlayStation Vita
Metrico
Los Angeles
X-Files
Netherlands
Outsider House
Pitchfork
Resident Advisor
IDM
Palmbomen Official Site

categories: 1988 births,Living people,Dutch electronic musicians

paragraph: Palmbomen

paragraph: Palmbomen is the stage name of Amsterdam, Netherlands based musician Kai Hugo (born 1988). Palmbomen has released on NON Records, a label he helped found with his friend Bear Damen, and French label Kitsuné Maison. Palmbomen has also scored the soundtrack for the PlayStation Vita game Metrico as well as been featured on the soundtrack for Grand Theft Auto V. Since 2015, Hugo has been releasing house music under the moniker Palmbomen II.

paragraph: Section::::Beginnings.

paragraph: Hugo's first project for the label NON Records was entitled Ganz Nackisch. After a few songs, he decided to ditch the hard sound of this project for a more tropical one. Only being asked to fill in for a cancelled artist was the name Palmbomen chosen, which is the Dutch word for palm trees. The name was chosen “because of the absolute absence of palm trees in Holland, they represent somewhat of a small detail of utopia” notes Hugo.

paragraph: Section::::Moon Children and Kitsuné Maison.

paragraph: Kai recorded material using mostly antiquated equipment to capture a vintage sound for what would be his debut EP. "Moon Children" was released on NON Records in July 2010, with a release party Amsterdam nightclub Trouw. The live performance featured a custom built live light set which he programmed himself. After receiving positive reviews from Vice Magazine, The Examiner, and 3VOOR12, French music and fashion label Kitsuné Maison included the title track on their 10th Kitsune Maison Compilation, released in November 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Night Flight Europa.

paragraph: Following extensive touring of the live light set, Palmbomen relocated to Berlin to record a full-length record. Hugo further developed his analogue sound to incorporate more elements of ambient house, psychedelia, and Italo disco. The resulting album "Night Flight Europa" was released by NON Records in January 2013, and received positive reviews from The Fader, Red Bull Music Academy, and Decoder Magazine. The record also caught the attention of Belgian electronic music duo Soulwax, who invited Palmbomen to open for them at their annual Soulwaxmas celebration in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Grand Theft Auto V, Metrico, and USA.

paragraph: Following an extensive tour in support of the new record, Palmbomen again was approached by Soulwax, but this time in regard to their involvement with the soundtrack for the Rockstar Games series Grand Theft Auto. Eventually it was revealed Soulwax had remixed Palmbomen's track 'Stock' for their station Soulwax Radio in Grand Theft Auto V. This sparked a new connection to the video game industry, with Sony commissioning Palmbomen to create the soundtrack for their PlayStation Vita game Metrico, released in August 2014. Hugo left Berlin for Los Angeles in 2014, where he continues to score music for video games, movies, and records as Palmbomen.

paragraph: Section::::Palmbomen II.

paragraph: Since 2015, Hugo has been releasing under the moniker Palmbomen II. Hugo birthed Palmbomen II while spending a summer watching X-Files in his mother's attic in the Netherlands, and Palmbomen II marks a significant departure from his previous sound on Night Flight Europa. Explaining his moniker change, Hugo tells Dummy Mag: "I wanted to split Palmbomen in two. It's a practical thing. In Palmbomen, I play with a band, and playing live, you have to cheat. I remember trying to emulate the sound with a band playing – we had a gigantic setup, but it was impossible. I thought that if I'm gonna play with a band, I wanna do it with a band – no electronics, no click track, no bullshit. On the other hand, if I want to do electronics, I just want a bunch of drum machines and synthesizers to play around with."

paragraph: He debuted his new moniker with the full-length self-titled album "Palmbomen II", an X-Files inspired Outsider House album in which each track is named after a minor X-Files character. The album was released via Beats In Space on March 3, 2015 and was well received by critics, with a 7.3 out of 10 from Pitchfork and 3.7 out of 5 from Resident Advisor. Approximately a year later, Palmbomen II released "Center Parcs EP", a dreamy IDM album cowritten with fellow Dutch producer Betonkust. Palmbomen II and Betonkust wrote the album over the course of a rainy weekend at the virtually abandoned holiday resort "Center Parcs De Eemhof", drawing inspiration from the shiny façade and inauthenticity of "swimming paradises". Center Parcs EP was released via the Vancouver-based label 1080p on February 26, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palmbomen Official Site

wikidata_label: Palmbomen

wikipedia_title: Palmbomen