text:
Miles Davis
Juilliard School
Nadia Boulanger
Southern Illinois University
Nina Simone
Nadia Boulanger
Isak Dinesen
Dragør
Miles Davis
Obituary in St. Louis American

categories: Classical pianists,1927 births,2007 deaths

paragraph: Eugene Haynes

paragraph: Eugene Haynes (1927–2007) was an African-American classical pianist, composer and music pedagogue. After graduation from Lincoln High School in 1944, where he played piano to classmate Miles Davis' trombone. He studied music at the Juilliard School in New York and with Nadia Boulanger in Paris from 1951 to 1954. He worked as a radio presenter in East St Louis, as Artist in Residence at Lincoln University, and as leader of Centre for Performing Arts at University at Southern Illinois University. He published his memoirs in 2000 which documents his many stays in Denmark during the 1950s and his friendship with writer Karen Blixen (also known as Isak Dinesen). His first and only CD came out in 2004 and his life in Denmark was documented in a temporary exhibition at Museum Amager outside Copenhagen in 2012

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Eugene Haynes was born in 1927 in East St Louis, Illinois, USA. He started playing piano at the age of 4. As a teenager he worked in a warehouse and used his lunch breaks to play a piano nearby. His bosses discovered his talent by accident and decided to pay for his musical education. He joined Juilliard School of Music in New York (where also Nina Simone initially trained as a classical pianist) and at the end of his studies he wins the 'Loeb price' for 'overall excellence in graduate studies'. After a brief period of study at Lincoln University in Missouri (a place he would return to) he continued his studies with the music pedagogue Nadia Boulanger in Paris from 1951 to 1954.

paragraph: After his stay in Paris, Haynes continued seeking a breakthrough as pianist. Sponsored by the USA Information Service he went on a concert tour in Europe. During the 1950s he stayed for extensive periods in Denmark nurturing a close friendship with the writer Karen Blixen whom he met in 1952. Haynes was in regular contact with her with her until her death in 1962. In between his stays and concerts in Europe he also performs in the US. He debuted in Carnegie Hall in New York in 1958 and played there again in 1969. However, Haynes spent most of his career teaching and composing. He is Artist in Residence at Lincoln University (where he studied briefly after his longer stay at Juilliard in New York) from 1958 to 1974. He wins another prize in 1974 given by 'National Association of Negro Positions' and at this time also returned to St Louis, his birthplace, to contribute to the education of young music talents in his childhood neighbourhood. During 1965 to 1973 he hosted a local AM radio show. In 1979 he became leader of a Centre for Performing Arts at Southern Illinois University in East St. Louis. Finally, a CD was released in 2004 at a time where he also continues performing. He died in 2007 at the age of 80.

paragraph: The best-documented period of his life and career is 1952 to 1962, notably through his memoirs published in 2000 which contains letters and diaries from those 10 years. In addition, a temporary exhibition in Dragør, Denmark in 2012, also documented his life in Denmark during the 1950s.

paragraph: Section::::In Europe in the 1950s.

paragraph: Eugene Haynes was introduced to the Danish writer Karen Blixen (also known under the pseudonym Isak Dinesen) by a Danish journalist, Bent Mohn, whom Haynes met during his studies in Paris. Haynes had crossed continents for work and adventure in the midst of the Cold War, and now with a base in Denmark, he continued to nurture his friendship with Blixen and her secretary, Clara Selborn, from 1952 and over the next ten years until Blixen's death in 1962. Over many holidays and work trips in Denmark, he used Selborn's house in the small fishing village of Dragør, located south of Copenhagen (while Selborn stayed with Blixen in Rungstedlund), to practice the piano, study music, and in between, travel around Europe giving concerts.

paragraph: Haynes' period in Europe (1952–1962) was reopened for the public upon the publication of his diaries and letters in 2000; "To Soar With Eagles". The European Travels – Remembrances of Isak Dinesen. In addition, a suitcase belonging to Haynes containing clothes and other objects was found at Clara Selborn's house in Dragør after her death in 2008. The contents of the suitcase was then turned into a temporary exhibition at the local Dragør Museum, in 2012, along with other objects placed in a model of Selborn's house. The museum had five short films produced: “The Pianist Eugene Haynes in Dragør, Denmark, and the World” (translated from Danish). The films which are narrated by curator Ingeborg Phillipsen are available on the museum's website, www.museumamager.dk, and YouTube.

paragraph: In the 1950s, Haynes was sponsored by the USA Information Service program, which aimed at improving America's image abroad and countering Eastern European political and cultural influence. Given that the Cold War was “cold,” it also became a battle of culture. Racial segregation and discrimination was a sensitive topic in the US, where the civil rights movement, formed half a century before, was about to gain new momentum The Information Service tried to promote the US as a non-discriminating nation, and with Haynes, they could show that Blacks do have opportunities, even as classical pianists. At the time, the terms black and classical pianist may have seemed mutually exclusive. Classical music was a trade of artistic work almost solely reserved for whites; black musicians were more commonly known to play soul, jazz, and blues. The Information Service was also trying to sell a culture-rich nation – a USA which was more than just Hollywood, cartoons, and Coca-Cola – which has classical musicians just as talented as in Europe.

paragraph: A breakthrough was difficult. Haynes himself engages with this in his diaries and letters from 1952 to 1962, "To Soar With Eagles", published later in his life, in 2000.

paragraph: Section::::On Karen Blixen.

paragraph: On the difficulties of achieving a break through as a classical pianist, Eugene Haynes wrote in one of his letters home that for his high school classmate and friend, the Black jazz musician Miles Davis, the situation was different. As Haynes said to him once in France, "He (Miles) was entering a world where no one would question his right to function. This is still far from true where black African instrumentalists are concerned (in the States) which is why I spend as much time away from home as possible"(letter to brother, 1957, page 76)

paragraph: The letters and diaries reveals the warmness of his friendship with Blixen. In a diary entry titled "First meeting" Haynes writes about a walk with Blixen: “Along the way she talked about the many discussions she and Finch-Hatton had had on music. I asked if she had the gramophone he gave her in Africa. She was happy to show it to me when we returned to the house . . . As we said good bye, I made a quip about being a 'bit of Africa sent out' to her”.(p28–29)

paragraph: Haynes wrote in his diary about his first meeting with Blixen: “I have seldom been so curious about anyone.” He further writes of Blixen, “She was a lady of La Belle Époque, one of the last of the great femmes du monde . . . Had she said she had dined at the Café Procope with Diderot and the Philosophes (public intellectuals of The Enlightenment), I would have believed her”.(p 28)

paragraph: Haynes further quotes Blixen, who told him, “You'll have to be patient while you grow into your grace” (p104). Haynes was a young man of around thirty and working for a breakthrough. By her embracing him (as a matron?), despite obvious differences, she also grounded them in a shared experience: “In some ways we are both outsiders. I in Denmark, you in the land of your birth.” Haynes reflects on his relationship with her: “When Karen Blixen is interested in what you are saying, she can fix you with an almost hypnotic gaze and you are then convinced that you are at that time the most important person she knows, and what you are saying is of great moment. It is her most endearing trait”(p63).

paragraph: Haynes found Denmark open and hospitable, but he also encountered stereotypes and racism. A university professor from America visiting Blixen referred to “the accent of our nigras” while at the table, and Haynes describes the situation and his discomfort in detail. Blixen had not heard the remark, but detected something was wrong. When she later asked about what happened, she was “enraged” about the guest's behaviour after Haynes had explained(p201–2).

paragraph: Nevertheless, there were many other much more enriching gatherings and conversations, and Haynes' delight in these meetings with Blixen shines through. At a dinner in 1961, Blixen suggests a game where each guest is assigned a famous intellectual, writer, or actor/actress. Haynes had given Blixen the witty French philosopher, Voltaire, and a woman with the name Birthe got Casanova. Haynes reveals fragments of the discussion in the diaries: Casanova had insisted on superstition as necessary, whereas Voltaire (The Enlightenment man) had favoured to free men of the “monster of superstition,” arguing that liberty and superstition could not go hand in hand”(p180).

paragraph: In between dinners like these, Haynes could be found in blue overalls and blue trainers among the geese of Dragør and occasionally hanging out with fishermen at the harbour.

paragraph: The connection to Dragør and a suitcase belonging to Haynes found at Selborn's house in 2008 leads to a local museum exhibition and another exposition of Haynes early life.

paragraph: Section::::Suitcase found in Dragør.

paragraph: "“The Suitcase – A metaphor for willing and unwilling travellers”"

paragraph: Dragør Museum displayed a temporary exhibition in 2012, hosted events, and produced five short films "The Pianist Eugene Haynes in Dragør, Denmark, and the World" (translated from Danish).

paragraph: The suitcase contained ordinary everyday-use belongings, like shoes and trousers and a few books – as well as keepsake objects like dried flowers in a frame. Haynes apparently wore dark blue jeans overalls in Dragør. There are blue trainers/shoes, and a hat that, according to a 1957 article written in a popular gossip magazine, Billed Bladet, ("The Picture Magazine") made him look like the local fishermen – and maybe the bohemians he hung out with as well, one could add. There are books, two refined leather cases, a pipe instrument, various paper clips, and reviews as well as photos and PR material from his tours. The Billed Bladet magazine and article is there too. A Black American female tourist is on the front, and there are more rarities inside. The vocabulary is not surprising for the time: 'Der bor en neger i Dragør,' the headline states (“There is a negro living in Dragør”).

paragraph: ”From now on, your name is Hans. You are one of us,” the local fishermen renamed and assured him. He frequents not only Karen Blixen's home north of Copenhagen in Rungstedlund, but also hangs out with locals like the Dragør-based poet, Jørgen Gustava Brandt, who Haynes describes as “a real Casanova” in a letter to his brother(p77). Gustava teaches Haynes Danish, a language which he came to speak alongside French. In the suitcase, there is a book on German grammar and an anthology of literature (with one text by Blixen). When it came to music, critic Isador Phillip called Haynes “one of the greatest musical talents America has produced.”(cover)). Seen in that light, it is a pity that the only CD that came out late in his life is not really seen as proving and showing his talent, the curator, Ingeborg Phillipsen, has indicated, referring to conversations with reviewers and musicians in the same field.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dragør Museum/Ingeborg Phillipsen. 'Drejebog til debat 20 September'(Script and notes for public event at museum, 2012).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugene Haynes, legendary pianist, remembered Abdul, Raoul. New York Amsterdam News [New York, N.Y] 22 Feb 2007: 27. "When Eugene Haynes made his Carnegie Hall debut in 1958, one critic wrote: "Americans reading of young Van Cliburn's triumph in Moscow may well be proud of still another ambassador...," but when he died at the age of 80 in East St. Louis earlier this month, there was not one notice in the New York press."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary in St. Louis American

wikidata_label: Eugene Haynes

wikipedia_title: Eugene Haynes


text:
Île-de-France
Duchy of Normandy
Bar-sur-Aube
Vitry
Montdidier
Vexin
Amiens
Tardenois
suzerainty
Corbie
Meulan
Montfort
Péronne
advocatus
Saint-Père-en-Vallée
Saint-Arnoul
Capetian dynasty
Henry I
Anna Yaroslavna
Philip I
Guibert of Nogent
Latin
Sieur du Cange
Claude Carlier
Louis Carolus-Barré
Orderic Vitalis
Ralph III of Valois
Crépy
castle
Nanteuil-le-Haudouin
donjon
Odo II of Blois
Henry I
Theobald III of Blois
Stephen II of Troyes
Odo III
Rome
cousin
Adela
Latin
Bar-sur-Aube
Vitry-en-Perthois
Joigny
Simon
Broyes
Beaufort
Adela
Herbert IV of Vermandois
Montdidier
Péronne
Hilduin IV
Philip I
Gervase
archbishop of Reims
Alexander II
abbey of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif
bigamy
consanguinity
Baldwin V of Flanders
dowry
Laon
Hugh
Soissons
Orléans
Amiens
hagiography
Old French
Ferdinand Lot
Manasses III of Rethel
Theoderic of Verdun
Holy Roman Empire
Herbert IV of Vermandois
battle of Mortemer
Mortemer
Roger
fealty
Mers
Bresle
siege of Thimert
Vexin
Hugh de Grandmesnil
Neuf-Marché
Maurilius
archbishop of Rouen
Gisors
Norman conquest of England
Fécamp
Melun
Guy of Amiens
battle of Hastings
Carmen de Hastingae Proelio
William Busac
county of Soissons
Dammartin
Odo of Dammartin
Hugh
Renaud I
Guy II
Baldwin VI
Richilde
Hainaut
Arnulf III
Robert the Frisian
Genealogia comitum Flandrensium
Gregory VII
priory of Saint-Arnoul
Saint-Oyend
Jean Dunbabin
Bertha of Rouergue
Adelaide

wikipedia_title:
Île-de-France
Duchy of Normandy
Bar-sur-Aube
Vitry-en-Perthois
Montdidier, Somme
Counts of the Vexin
Amiens
Tardenois
Suzerainty
Corbie
County of Meulan
Montfort-l'Amaury
Péronne, Somme
Advocatus
Abbey of Saint-Père-en-Vallée
Priory of Saint-Arnoul
Capetian dynasty
Henry I of France
Anne of Kiev
Philip I of France
Guibert of Nogent
Medieval Latin
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange
Claude Carlier
Louis Carolus-Barré
Orderic Vitalis
Ralph III of Valois
Crépy-en-Valois
Castle
Nanteuil-le-Haudouin
Keep
Odo II, Count of Blois
Henry I of France
Theobald III, Count of Blois
Stephen II of Troyes
Odo, Count of Champagne
Rome
Cousin marriage
Adele of Bar-sur-Aube
Latin
Bar-sur-Aube
Vitry-en-Perthois
Joigny
Simon de Crépy
Broyes, Marne
Montmorency-Beaufort
Adele of Valois
Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois
Montdidier, Somme
Péronne, Somme
Hilduin IV, Count of Montdidier
Philip I of France
Gervais de Château-du-Loir
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims
Pope Alexander II
Abbey of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif
Bigamy
Consanguinity
Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
Dowry
Laon
Hugh, Count of Vermandois
Soissons
Orléans
Amiens
Hagiography
Old French
Ferdinand Lot
Manasses III, Count of Rethel
Theoderic (bishop of Verdun)
Holy Roman Empire
Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois
Battle of Mortemer
Mortemer, Seine-Maritime
Roger of Mortemer
Fealty
Mers-les-Bains
Bresle (river)
Siege of Thimert
Counts of the Vexin
Hugh de Grandmesnil
Neuf-Marché
Maurilius
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen
Gisors
Norman conquest of England
Fécamp
Melun
Guy (bishop of Amiens)
Battle of Hastings
Carmen de Hastingae Proelio
William Busac
Count of Soissons
Counts of Dammartin
Odo, Count of Dammartin
Hugh I, Count of Dammartin
Renaud I, Count of Soissons
Guy II, Count of Soissons
Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders
Richilde, Countess of Hainaut
County of Hainaut
Arnulf III, Count of Flanders
Robert I, Count of Flanders
Genealogia comitum Flandrensium
Pope Gregory VII
Priory of Saint-Arnoul
Condat Abbey
Jean Dunbabin
Bertha of Rouergue
Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois

categories: 1074 deaths,Counts of Valois,1020s births

paragraph: Ralph IV of Valois

paragraph: Ralph IV (; born 1025, died 1074) was a northern French nobleman who amassed an extensive array of lordships lying in a crescent around the Île-de-France from the border of the Duchy of Normandy in the northwest to Champagne in the southeast.

paragraph: Ralph was the count of seven counties: Valois (Crépy) from 1037/8, Bar-sur-Aube and Vitry from the 1040s, Montdidier from 1054, Vexin (Mantes) and Amiens from 1063 and Tardenois from an unknown date. He held suzerainty over a further seven counties: Corbie, Dammartin, Meulan, Montfort, Péronne, Soissons and Vermandois. In addition, he was the "advocatus" (defender) of five abbeys: Saint-Denis, Jumièges, Saint-Wandrille, Saint-Père-en-Vallée, and Saint-Arnoul.

paragraph: Initially an enemy of the reigning Capetian dynasty, Ralph became a staunch royal ally after 1041. He was one of the royal domain's most powerful neighbours. The historian John Cowdrey likens Ralph's lands to a "clamp ... set upon the northern part of the Capetian demesne". After the death of King Henry I in 1060, Ralph married the king's widow, Queen Anna Yaroslavna. He thus became an important advisor to the young king, Philip I, until his death. Guibert of Nogent, a contemporary of Ralph, wrote, "How great he was can also be gathered from the single fact that he married the mother of King Philip after the death of her husband."

paragraph: Section::::Name and number.

paragraph: Given the multiplicity of titles he held, the popularity of his name within his family and the fact that all contemporary references to him are in Latin, how to refer to Ralph in modern English (or French) can pose a problem. In the seventeenth century, the Sieur du Cange, followed a century later by Claude Carlier and most recently by Louis Carolus-Barré, argued that Raoul de Gouy (died 926) was never Count of Valois and re-numbered the succeeding counts named Ralph. This made Ralph IV and his father Ralph III and Ralph II, respectively. In older literature, he is sometimes called "Ralph the Great".

paragraph: Contemporary chroniclers generally referred to him as Ralph of Crépy, while modern scholars have tended to prefer Ralph of Valois. The English historian Orderic Vitalis, writing in Normandy, called him Ralph of Montdidier ("Rodulfo de Monte Desiderii") and Ralph, count of Mantes ("Radulfum comitem Medantensium"), spelling his first name differently each time. He signed a royal document of 27 May 1067 as "Rodulf, count of Crépy" ("Rodulfi comitis Crispiniacensis"). The spellings "Radulf" and "Rodulf", although derived from Germanic names with originally different meanings, both have a basis in contemporary sources.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born around 1025, Ralph was the eldest son of Count Ralph III of Valois and Alix of Breteuil. His father died in 1037 or 1038 and Ralph succeeded to the county of Valois, with its seat at Crépy. The castle of Crépy was divided between Ralph and his younger brother Theobald, who inherited their mother's fief of Nanteuil-le-Haudouin. At Crépy, Ralph received the living quarters and the outbuildings, while the donjon went to Theobald. The castle was thus a kind of condominium between the brothers.

paragraph: Ralph's father had been a supporter of Count Odo II of Blois against King Henry I. After Odo's death in 1038, Ralph continued to support Odo's two sons, counts Theobald III of Blois and Stephen II of Troyes. He took advantage of the fighting in the Beauvaisis, however, to break free from his inherited vassalage to the count of Troyes. In 1041, while fighting on behalf of Odo's sons in an effort to depose the king, Ralph was captured by royal forces. Thereafter, he was the king's man and an opponent of the Blois–Troyes family. He tried to prevent Theobald from annexing the lands of his nephew, Odo III, after the latter moved to England in 1066.

paragraph: Section::::First marriage and children.

paragraph: In the 1040s, while en route to Rome, Ralph met his recently widowed cousin, Adela (Adelaide, Latin "Adelhais"), countess of Bar-sur-Aube and Vitry-en-Perthois since the death of her father, Nocher III, in 1040. Bar-sur-Aube was a fief of the count of Troyes. Having secured a promise of marriage, Ralph continued his pilgrimage to Rome. Upon his return he found that Adela's vassals, fearing his authority, had attempted to marry her to Renard, count of Joigny. Ralph immediately began pillaging Joigny until Adela was returned to him. Ralph and Adela had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter (died 1065/72), who succeeded in Bar-sur-Aube and Vitry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon (died 1080), who succeeded in Valois, Vexin, Amiens, Montdidier and Tardenois

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elisabeth, married Barthélemy, lord of Broyes and Beaufort

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adela, married firstly Count Herbert IV of Vermandois and secondly Count Theobald III of Blois

paragraph: Section::::Second marriage and excommunication.

paragraph: In 1053 or 1054, Adela died. By 1060, Ralph had married a woman nicknamed or surnamed Haquenez, and possibly named Eleanor.

paragraph: Haquenez has been called the heiress of the county of Montdidier and suzerain over the county of Péronne, but there is no proof of this. Her parentage is unknown. If she brought Ralph a claim to Montdidier, their marriage must have taken place no later than 1054, since he was in control of Montdidier in that year. Ralph did not relinquish his control over the counties of Montdidier and Péronne after repudiating Haquenez in 1060 or 1061. The wording of Guibert of Nogent concerning the succession at Montdidier after Ralph's death has been taken as evidence that Ralph merely seized Montdidier and ruled it by right of conquest: "the castle in which the site of his burial he had prepared", that is, Montdidier, "he had stolen from its possessors and held as his own" and "in that castle, which came to Simon [his son] by use rather than by [rightful] inheritance, the remains of his father came to rest." If this is correct, then he may have seized Montdidier any time between 1033 and 1054. Its rightful ruler was Hilduin IV, who continued to use the title of count—but not Count of Montdidier—until his death in 1063.

paragraph: Ralph later accused his second wife of adultery and repudiated her. In 1061 or 1062, he married the Russian princess Anna Yaroslavna, the widow of King Henry I and mother of the reigning king, Philip I. Haquenez appealed to Gervase, archbishop of Reims, who wrote to Pope Alexander II explaining the situation. According to the archbishop, "the marriage of our queen to Count Ralph ("Comiti Radulpho") grieves our king most of all" ("rex noster ... maxime dolet"). Haquenez then went to Rome to appeal to the pope in person.

paragraph: The pope's response, addressed to Gervase, his suffragans and to the unnamed archbishop of Sens, was brought back to France by Haquenez. She had apparently reported to the pope that Ralph had stolen everything she owned (by which she perhaps meant the counties), and the pope instructed Gervase and the archbishop of Sens to open an investigation and preside as judges. The purpose of the inquiry was to return Haquenez's property to her and clear her name of the false accusation of adultery. In the end, Ralph was excommunicated from the church. In March 1062, Mainard, archbishop of Sens, died and by April he had been succeeded by Richer. It is possible that Alexander did not name the archbishop because the letter was drafted in the interim, when the name of the new archbishop was not yet known in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Third marriage and co-regency.

paragraph: The "Chronicle" of the abbey of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif records the death of Henry and the re-marriage of Anna in the same sentence, fuelling speculation that the queen and Ralph had been involved in a love affair. In fact, Henry's death came in 1060, a year or two before Anna's second marriage. There is no hint in any contemporary source that the queen and Ralph were involved before their marriage. Nor is there any evidence that she was abducted or otherwise forced into marriage.

paragraph: At the time of her marriage to Ralph, Anna was about thirty years old. Since Philip, the eldest of her four children with Henry, was not yet of age, she has been accused my modern historians of abandoning her children. Contemporaries made no such charge. Ralph, however, was accused of bigamy, since his repudiation of Haquenez had been illegal under both civil and ecclesiastical law, and consanguinity, since he was related to the Capetian house to within the prohibited degree. As a result it seems, Ralph and Anna did not attend the French court regularly again until 1065, although she continued to be acknowledged as co-regent with Count Baldwin V of Flanders. The marriage had at least three advantages for Ralph: it brought him a dowry that included an abbey at Laon, it brought him influence at court and it brought him enhanced prestige because of Anna's high rank and even "exoticism".

paragraph: Ralph was, however, "Baldwin's greatest rival in north-eastern France and a potential threat to his influence over the young king." This may explain why at least one later source, the "Annales sancti Benigni Divonensis", the chronicle of the cathedral of Dijon, claims that Philip's younger brother Hugh acted as his "coadjutor". Keeping Hugh close prevented any split in the royal family. After the reconciliation of Philip and his mother, Ralph was the second most important counsellor to the king after Baldwin. He is cited as a witness in thirty royal diplomas, and is explicitly called a counsellor of the royal court in one of 1062. In 1065, Ralph and Anna were with Philip as the royal court visited Soissons, Orléans, Laon and Corbie. In 1067, Philip paid a visit to Amiens, which lay in Ralph's county. In 1069, Ralph was calling himself the king's step-father.

paragraph: Section::::Private wars.

paragraph: Ralph is mentioned in the "Vita nobilissimi comitis Girardi de Rossellon", a Latin hagiography of Count Gerard II of Paris, written shortly after 1100 and preserved in one 13th-century manuscript. A 13th-century Old French translation, the "Vie de Girart de Rossillon", is also preserved. The "Vita" records that Ralph plundered the abbey of Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul de Pothières from his county of Bar-sur-Aube:

paragraph: According to the "Vita", the nuns then cried out to Gerard, the founder of Pothières and who was buried there. The saint then sent a demon to torment two of Ralph's men and the rest fled in fear. Although much of the material, including the protagonist's byname ("de Roussillon"), is legendary, Ferdinand Lot believes that the episode concerning Ralph is based on an actual event.

paragraph: In 1065/66, Ralph supported Count Manasses III of Rethel in his war against Bishop Theoderic of Verdun in the Holy Roman Empire. According to late sources, in or before 1071, Ralph attacked his son-in-law, Count Herbert IV of Vermandois, and seized Péronne, to which he had a claim from his second marriage. The historicity of this little war has been called into question.

paragraph: Section::::Relations with Normandy.

paragraph: In the 1050s, Ralph supported King Henry against Duke William II of Normandy. He was present on the king's side at the battle of Mortemer in February 1054, when the Normans routed the royal army. Ralph himself escaped the slaughter and took shelter in the castle of Mortemer. According to Orderic Vitalis, writing about 75 years later, Ralph was aided in his escape by on the Norman commanders, Roger, castellan of Mortemer, "on account of the fealty he [Roger] had formerly sworn to him [Ralph]." After entertaining Ralph as his guest for three days, Roger escorted him back to his own lands. For this Roger was banished, but soon reconciled, although the castle of Mortemer was never restored to him.

paragraph: The reason for the oath of fealty is not explained in any primary source. Roger's wife, Hadewisa, however, had inherited the villa of Mers at the mouth of the Bresle, which lay within the diocese of Amiens and may have been under Ralph's suzerainty. The 19th-century historian J. R. Planché has even suggested that Hadewisa was Ralph's daughter.

paragraph: In 1058, Ralph was with King Henry's army at the siege of Thimert.

paragraph: In 1063, Ralph's cousin, Walter III of Vexin, died and Ralph inherited the counties of Vexin, with its seat at Mantes, and Amiens. Sometime between 1061 and 1066, Duke William entrusted Hugh de Grandmesnil with the castle of Neuf-Marché, possibly to defend against Ralph after the latter's acquisition of Vexin. Ralph and Hugh fought several skirmishes, and on one occasion, outnumbered, Hugh's army was routed and forced to flee. Then, between 1063 and 1067, Maurilius, archbishop of Rouen, granted the lordship of Gisors, which he held from the duke in Normandy, to Ralph as a life lease. This may have been approved by the duke to assure Ralph's cooperation or non-interference with the upcoming English expedition. Gisors was not restored to Rouen until 1075.

paragraph: Later, Ralph's relations with Normandy improved and he sent his son Simon to be brought up at William's court. After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, King William returned to Normandy with captives and booty. He held an Easter court at Fécamp on 8 April 1067 to display his spoils and Ralph was in attendance. Ralph then attended the Whitsun court of King Philip I of France in Paris, witnessing a royal charter on 27 May. In June or July, he was again at the king's court in Melun. On either of these occasions, he would have met Bishop Guy of Amiens, whose diocese lay within Ralph's lordship. Ralph, having been to William's celebratory court at Fécamp and having a son raised in the Norman household, was well-positioned to pass along information about the battle of Hastings to the bishop, who began work on his poem "Carmen de Hastingae Proelio" shortly after.

paragraph: Section::::King Philip's wars.

paragraph: Sometime between 1065 and 1072, probably towards 1069, Ralph and his eldest son, Walter, joined King Philip in an attack on Vitry. How Vitry had fallen into the hands of an enemy of the king and Ralph is unknown, nor is the identity of the enemy. In the campaign, Walter was killed, but Vitry was besieged and taken. William Busac, count of Soissons and Ralph's vassal, also took part in the war of Vitry. It is probable that Ralph had acquired the suzerainty of the county of Soissons about the same time he acquired that of Dammartin: on the death of his cousin Walter. Certainly in 1061 Count Odo of Dammartin and his son Hugh were vassals of Walter. At that time the count of Soissons was Renaud I, ruling jointly with his son Guy II. No document survives that explicitly identifies Renaud or Guy as vassals of Ralph.

paragraph: Ralph participated on the king's side in the war of the Flemish succession in 1070–71. In 1067, the regent Count Baldwin died and was succeeded in Flanders by his eldest son, Baldwin VI, who was married to Richilde, the countess of Hainaut in the Holy Roman Empire. Baldwin VI died in 1070 and the succession was disputed. Richilde claimed Flanders for her young son by Baldwin, Arnulf III, while Baldwin's younger brother, Robert the Frisian, also claimed it. The king supported Richilde and Arnulf, and Ralph gave his support to the king. According to the "Genealogia comitum Flandrensium", the men of Péronne, which Ralph had probably seized shortly before, were part of the king's army.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Ralph died, still excommunicate, in 1074 and was buried in the church of Saint-Pierre in Montdidier. Since Montdidier had rightfully belonged to Ralph's abandoned second wife, and the count of Vermandois also had a claim, Pope Gregory VII requested that his body be moved. His son Simon had it removed to the priory of Saint-Arnoul at Crépy. The sight of his father's decaying corpse is said to have motivated Simon to first contemplate the vanity of seeking after worldly glory. In 1077, he retired to become a monk at Saint-Oyend. The "Vita beati Simoni comitis Crespeiensis" (Life of Blessed Simon, Count of Crépy), a hagiography written by an anonymous monk of Saint-Oyend in the generation after Simon's death, is an important source for Ralph's life. Since Ralph's eldest son, Walter, had died before him, all his lands passed to Simon.

paragraph: Ralph himself began his career with only one county owing homage to the count of Troyes and ended it with seven counties and a further seven owing homage to him. France was more stable in the eleventh century than the tenth, and in the first century of Capetian rule relatively fewer noblemen than in the previous century were successful at building up principalities by a combination of inheritance, marriage, usurpation and force. Jean Dunbabin argues there were only two such ephemeral principalities formed in the eleventh century: Ralph's northern principality and a southern one forged by the marriage of Robert II of Auvergne and Bertha of Rouergue in 1064/66. After Ralph's death, Robert II tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter Judith and Ralph's son, but the arrangements fell through when Simon became a monk and Judith a nun.

paragraph: The breakup of Ralph's principality followed quickly on his death. His stepson Hugh claimed a part of his lands, sparking a war with Simon in which the king took part as Hugh's ally. In the end, "Ralph's budding principality", "the nearest approximation to a principality to emerge" in Picardy, was broken up. The crown acquired Vexin and the advocacies of Corbie and Saint-Denis, Amiens returned to the bishop and Simon granted his brother-in-law Herbert of Vermandois both Valois and Montdidier. These then passed on Herbert's death in 1080 to his daughter, Adelaide, who married Simon's step-brother Hugh, brother of the king. Much of the counties of Amiens and Valois had belonged to the county of Vermandois in the tenth century.

paragraph: The monk Guibert of Nogent, whose father fought at Mortemer, wrote in the first quarter of the twelfth century that he had spoken to many who had known Ralph. According to the monk, "They can say to what degree he increased his power, what authority he acquired and what despotism he used. If he found a castle convenient to him, he besieged it. Site attacked, site taken: so great was his ability in the art of sieges. Of all the places he took, he never returned one. His birth gave him an illustrious rank among the great lords of the kingdom."

description: Count of Valois

wikidata_label: Raoul IV of Vexin

wikipedia_title: Ralph IV of Valois


text:
Italian
condottiero
Pandolfo III Malatesta
Rimini
Pope Martin V
Domenico
Sigismondo
Giovanni V Malatesta
Pesaro
Margherita d'Este
Niccolò III, Lord of Ferrara
Eugene IV
Sant'Arcangelo

categories: House of Malatesta,1411 births,1432 deaths

paragraph: Galeotto Roberto Malatesta

paragraph: Galeotto Roberto Malatesta (1411–1432) was an Italian condottiero.

paragraph: He was the son of Pandolfo III Malatesta and succeeded him in the lordship of Rimini in contrast with the local bishop; after the people rose against the latter, he obtained by Pope Martin V that his father's lands were entrusted to him and his brothers Domenico and Sigismondo.

paragraph: Later he had to face a rebellion spurred by Giovanni V Malatesta, but the people itself helped him in confirming his territories. Galeotto Roberto also thwarted the aims on Cesena of the Malatesta branch of Pesaro.

paragraph: In 1427, aged 16, he married Margherita d'Este, one of the illegitimate daughters of Niccolò III, Lord of Ferrara. His wife survived him by more than 40 years, but she never married again and wanted to be buried by his side.

paragraph: In 1432 he was given the command of 200 knights by Pope Eugene IV, but he died in the same year at Sant'Arcangelo, at the age of 20.

description: Italian condottiero

wikidata_label: Galeotto Roberto Malatesta

wikipedia_title: Galeotto Roberto Malatesta


text:
Ontario
Ontario South
House of Commons of Canada
Liberal
East Whitby
Canada West
general store
Oshawa
Robert McLaughlin
William Smith.
Halifax Explosion

categories: 1857 births,Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario,Mayors of Oshawa,Liberal Party of Canada MPs,1939 deaths

paragraph: Frederick Luther Fowke

paragraph: Frederick Luther Fowke (May 27, 1857 – August 25, 1939) was a merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Ontario South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1911 as a Liberal.

paragraph: He was born in Harmony, East Whitby, Canada West, the son of Job Wilson Fowke and Adeline Perkins Stone, the daughter of Marshall B. Stone, a Minnesota senator. Fowke operated a general store and sold grain and coal. He served as mayor of Oshawa from 1898 to 1907; his term was briefly interrupted by Robert McLaughlin who served during the year 1899. Fowke served as MP for Ontario South from 1908-1911, however he was defeated when he ran for reelection to the House of Commons in 1911 by William Smith. He served as a commissioner in charge of restoration following the Halifax Explosion. Fowke was also a member of the Toronto Board of Trade and owned Gladstone Villa in Oshawa.

paragraph: He is buried in Oshawa's Union Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Toop, Elizabeth. "The sport of politics : some political campaigns in earlier days". The York pioneer (v. 103 : 2008), p. 3-15.

description: Canadian politician

wikidata_label: Frederick Luther Fowke

wikipedia_title: Frederick Luther Fowke


text: Congregation of the Mission

text: Catholic University of America

text: Washington, DC

text: Roman Catholic

text: bishop

text: Diocese of Trenton

text: New Jersey

text: Philadelphia

text: Langhorne, Pennsylvania

text: Catholic priesthood

text: minor seminary

text: Princeton, New Jersey

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: Philosophy

text: Niagara University

text: Lewiston

text: New York

text: Mary Immaculate Seminary

text: Northampton, Pennsylvania

text: Master of Divinity

text: Master of Theology

text: Moral Theology

text: ordained

text: Joseph McShea

text: Bishop of Allentown

text: Archbishop Wood Catholic High School

text: Warminster, Pennsylvania

text: The Catholic University of America

text: Washington, DC

text: Licentiate of Canon Law

text: canon law

text: theology

text: doctorate in canon law

text: Diocese of Harrisburg

text: Diocese of Birmingham

text: Diocese of Scranton

text: St. John's University

text: New York City

text: dean

text: faculty

text: vice president

text: legal counsel

text: President

text: Catholic University of America

text: Vatican

text: Congregation for Catholic Education

text: Ex Corde Ecclesiae

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: coadjutor bishop

text: Coadjutor Bishop

text: Diocese of Trenton

text: consecration

text: John M. Smith

text: John J. Myers

text: Donald Wuerl

text: co-consecrators

text: Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption

text: episcopal

text: motto

text: The Star-Ledger

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Bishop of Trenton Bio

text: Catholic Diocese of Trenton Website

categories: Niagara University alumni,Catholic University of America faculty,1955 births,Presidents of the Catholic University of America,St. John's University (New York City) faculty,American Roman Catholic bishops,Clergy from Philadelphia,Catholic University of America alumni,Vincentians,Mary Immaculate Seminary alumni,Canonical theologians,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Roman Catholic Bishops of Trenton,Mary Immaculate Seminary faculty,Living people

paragraph: David M. O'Connell

paragraph: David Michael O'Connell (born April 21, 1955) is a member of the Congregation of the Mission, commonly called the Vincentian Fathers, and a past President of the Catholic University of America in Washington, DC. He is currently the Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Trenton, New Jersey, in the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: O'Connell was born in Philadelphia, one of the four sons of Arthur J. and June O'Connell. He was raised in nearby Langhorne, Pennsylvania. Feeling drawn at an early age to the Catholic priesthood, he attended the Vincentian minor seminary, St. Joseph Preparatory High School, in Princeton, New Jersey, and later received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy from Niagara University in Lewiston, New York, in 1978. He then studied at Mary Immaculate Seminary in Northampton, Pennsylvania, where he earned a Master of Divinity degree (1981) and a Master of Theology degree in Moral Theology (1983).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Ordination and ministry.

paragraph: O'Connell was ordained a priest of the Congregation of the Mission by Joseph McShea, Bishop of Allentown, on May 29, 1982, in the chapel of the seminary. His first assignment was as a teacher at Archbishop Wood Catholic High School in Warminster, Pennsylvania, where he also served as Director of Student Activities from 1983 to 1985. He continued his studies at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, receiving a Licentiate of Canon Law in 1987. From 1987 to 1990, he was registrar and an assistant professor of canon law, theology, and philosophy at Mary Immaculate Seminary. He earned a doctorate in canon law from the Catholic University in 1990. He also served as an ecclesiastical judge and canonical consultant to the Diocese of Harrisburg (1987–98), Diocese of Birmingham (1987–93), and Diocese of Scranton (1988–98).

paragraph: Between 1990 and 1998, O'Connell served at St. John's University in New York City in various capacities. He was associate dean (1990–91) before serving as professor of theology and religious studies, academic dean, and dean of faculty (1991–98). He was also associate vice president from 1995 to 1998, and assistant legal counsel from 1996 to 1998. From 1994 to 1998, he served as Acting Vice President and Dean of Niagara University.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Presidency of the Catholic University of America.

paragraph: He was the 14th President of the Catholic University of America from 1998 until 2010. He also became a Consultor to the Vatican Congregation for Catholic Education in 2005 and was appointed as John Joseph Keane University Professor of the university in 2006.

paragraph: According to the CUA, "He has been a nationally recognized spokesperson for and supporter of "Ex Corde Ecclesiae" and its full implementation within the Catholic academy." Under O'Connell's tenure, CUA remained under censure by the American Association of University Professors, and O'Connell did not seek to remove this sanction.

paragraph: In 1998 senior members of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States needed to address new requirements from the Vatican for higher education and a requirement that some educators take an oath of fidelity to these teachings. Although many opposed the oath, O'Connell took the oath on the final day of the conference.

paragraph: On October 2, 2009 O'Connell announced that he was stepping down as President of the University in August 2010. On June 4, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI named him coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Trenton.

paragraph: On June 4, 2010, O'Connell was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of the Diocese of Trenton by Pope Benedict XVI. O'Connell received his episcopal consecration on July 30 from John M. Smith, the Bishop of Trenton, with Archbishops John J. Myers and Donald Wuerl serving as co-consecrators, at the Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption in Trenton. He chose as his episcopal motto: "Ministrare non ministrari", meaning, "To serve and not to be served" ().

paragraph: As coadjutor bishop, O'Connell automatically succeeded Smith on December 1, 2010, when the Pope accepted the resignation he had already tendered, after reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Trenton, New Jersey.:Transparency.

paragraph: In August 2012, O'Connell was given records showing that a priest of his diocese, Matthew Riedlinger, had exchanged sexually explicit text messages with and tried to set up a meeting with a person he believed to be a 16-year-old boy. O'Connell removed Riedlinger from the parish where he was serving, but did not inform parishioners of the reason for his removal until a year later, when he was informed that The Star-Ledger would be publishing a story on the matter.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bishop of Trenton Bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Diocese of Trenton Website

description: American Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: David M. O'Connell

wikipedia_title: David M. O'Connell


text: Queensland

text: Nelson, New Zealand

text: Brisbane

text: Labor

text: electoral district of Brisbane North

text: 1907 state election

text: 1915 election

text: Queensland Legislative Assembly

text: electoral district of Port Curtis

text: John Kessel

text: Gladstone Observer

text: 1918 election

text: 1920 election

text: Country Party

text: John Fletcher

text: 1923 election

text: 1926 election

text: 1929 election

text: Frank Butler

text: Country and Progressive National Party

text: Bardon

text: Toowong Cemetery

categories: 1932 deaths,Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly,1864 births,Burials at Toowong Cemetery,People from Nelson, New Zealand

paragraph: George Carter (Queensland politician)

paragraph: George Carter (1864–1932) was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: George Carter was born in 1864 in Nelson, New Zealand, the son of Samuel Carter and Louisa née Lindsay. He attended Nelson State School.

paragraph: On 17 September 1907 he married Alexandria Delia Kate Comerford in Brisbane.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: Carter stood as a candidate of the Labor in the electoral district of Brisbane North in the 1907 state election, but was unsuccessful.

paragraph: At the 1915 election, Carter was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly in the electoral district of Port Curtis, defeating the sitting Ministerialist member John Kessel. He won it despite claims that the local newspaper, the Gladstone Observer misrepresented his campaign speech and refused to publish a letter from him providing correct information. Carter held the seat in the 1918 election but lost the seat in the 1920 election on 9 October to the Country Party candidate John Fletcher.

paragraph: However, he contested the seat again in the 1923 election and was returned on 12 May 1923, having defeated John Fletcher. He retained the seat in the 1926 election but lost it at the 1929 election to Frank Butler of the Country and Progressive National Party.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Carter died at his residence in Bardon, Brisbane on 5 October 1932. He had been in failing health for the previous few years. He was buried in the Toowong Cemetery the following day.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- — George Carter's role in the strike of 1894

wikidata_label: George Carter

wikipedia_title: George Carter (Queensland politician)


text:
Wiener Neustadt
Bohemian noble

categories: Sternberg family,1476 deaths,1410 births

paragraph: Zdeněk of Šternberk

paragraph: Zdenek of Sternberg (rarely Zdeněk of Šternberk, , b. 1410 - d. December 4, 1476 in Wiener Neustadt) was a Bohemian noble, diplomat and politician from the Sternberg () family.

description: Bohemian noble

wikidata_label: Zdeněk of Šternberk

wikipedia_title: Zdeněk of Šternberk


text:
Spanish Netherlands
's-Hertogenbosch
Helena Fourment
Jean
Hyacinthe-Marie
alderman
Order of Santiago
Supreme Council of Flanders
Councillor of State
Philip IV of Spain
Dutch Republic
The Hague
Toulouse

categories: People from 's-Hertogenbosch,1681 deaths,1619 births

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste de Brouchoven

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste de Brouchoven (1619—1681) was a holder of high office and a diplomat in the Spanish Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste was born in 's-Hertogenbosch in 1619, the son of Gerard de Brouchoven and Catharina Maes.

paragraph: He married Rubens's widow, Helena Fourment, in 1643 or 1644, was widowed in 1673, and in 1674 married Marie Françoise d'Ennetières (died 1700).

paragraph: With his first wife he had five children: Jean, Hyacinthe-Marie, Nicolas, Catherine, and Marie-Fernandine.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Brouchoven served as an alderman of Antwerp in 1643—44, and in 1648 as one of the two city treasurers. Thereafter he entered the service of the Crown.

paragraph: In May 1655 he was appointed a member of the Council of Finance, and in 1660 he became a knight in the Order of Santiago. In 1663 he travelled to Madrid to take up an appointment as a councillor of the Supreme Council of Flanders. He successfully appealed to be allowed to retain concurrent membership of the Council of Finance. In 1665 he returned to the Spanish Netherlands as a Councillor of State. He was created baron of Bergeyck in 1666 and count in 1676.

paragraph: In late 1667 he represented Philip IV of Spain in diplomatic negotiations with the Dutch Republic in The Hague. From late 1674 to early 1675, and again in 1677, he served as the king's acting ambassador to England.

paragraph: In October 1677 he was reappointed to the Council of Flanders in Madrid.

paragraph: He died in Toulouse on 13 November 1681, on his way back to the Low Countries.

description: Belgian politician

wikidata_label: Jan-Baptist van Brouchoven

wikipedia_title: Jean-Baptiste de Brouchoven


text:
chess
grandmaster
international master
grandmaster

categories: 1992 births,Czech chess players,Chess grandmasters,Living people

paragraph: Jan Krejčí (chess player)

paragraph: Jan Krejčí (born 27 September 1992) is a Czech chess grandmaster.

paragraph: Section::::Chess career.

paragraph: Born in 1992, Krejčí earned his international master title in 2009 and his grandmaster title in 2011. He won the Pardubice Open in 2017. He is the No. 5 ranked Czech player as of September 2018.

description: Czech chess player (1992–)

wikidata_label: Jan Krejčí

wikipedia_title: Jan Krejčí (chess player)


text:
Geneva
Republic of Geneva
Geneva Academy
Merle D'Aubigne
Louis Gaussen
Monod
Robert Haldane
Réveil
John Duncan
Solomon Caesar Malan
Vandoeuvres
Julian
Malan, César
Historical Dictionary of Switzerland

categories: Theologians from the Republic of Geneva,People from Geneva,1864 deaths,1787 births

paragraph: César Malan

paragraph: Henri Abraham César Malan (July 7, 1787 – May 8, 1864) was a Swiss Protestant minister and hymn-writer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Malan was born in Geneva, Republic of Geneva and was a believing Christian from childhood. After completing his education, he went to Marseilles, France, intending to learn business. But soon after, he entered the by then rationalistic Geneva Academy in preparation for the ministry. He was ordained in 1810.

paragraph: Malan was part of the "Société des Amis", a group of conservative evangelicals at Geneva, which included Merle D'Aubigne, Louis Gaussen, the Monod brothers and others. In 1816–1817 during a visit to Geneva, Scotsman Robert Haldane met up with this group on a regular basis and taught through the letter to the Romans. This catalysed a movement which has come to be known as the "Le Réveil", bringing fresh life to the Protestant churches on the continent of Europe in Switzerland, France, the Netherlands and further afield.

paragraph: Malan was suspended from ministry in 1818 for a forthright sermon preached in 1817 on justification by faith alone (doctrinal preaching was frowned upon at the time). Following an apology and restoration he was again suspended for similar preaching and formally defrocked in 1823.

paragraph: In 1820 Malan founded an independent church, "l'Église du témoignage". After a period of intense growth, from 1830 members from this church migrated to another independent church. Malan was known for his high Calvinist theology and somewhat autocratic manner, both of which contributed to the decline.

paragraph: Malan travelled widely outside Geneva, making frequent trips to Britain (at least nine trips between 1819 and 1863). During his time in England and Scotland Malan showed his "effectiveness in personal interviews". Among others 'Rabbi' John Duncan owed his conversion to the ministry of the Genevan.

paragraph: Caesar Malan was the father of orientalist and linguist Solomon Caesar Malan.

paragraph: Malan died and is buried at Vandoeuvres, Switzerland

paragraph: Section::::Hymns.

paragraph: Malan was one of the originators of the hymn movement in the French Reformed Church and some of his hymns remain in use today:

paragraph: "Everyday I Will Bless you" - Hymn by Cesar Malan

paragraph: Speaking of Caesar Malan's hymns, Julian, the hymnologist, wrote: "The spirit of Malan's hymns is perpetuated in the analysis of christian experience, the never-wearied delineation of the hopes and fears, the joys and sorrows of the believer's soul, which are still the staple of French Protestant hymns".

paragraph: Malan was also a prolific author. He was very poetic in his writings and through the Spirit spoke to the heart compelling them to reconcile to God.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malan, César, in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.

description: theologian

wikidata_label: César Malan

wikipedia_title: César Malan


text: British peer

text: RN

text: Earls of Bessborough

text: KCVO

text: CMG

text: Kingsclere

text: Hampshire

text: County of Norfolk

text: Lynn Regis

text: Peerage of England

text: Baronet

text: Raynham Hall

text: Fakenham

text: Norfolk

categories: People educated at Eton College,Townshend family,21st-century English nobility,1945 births,Marquesses Townshend,20th-century English nobility,Living people

paragraph: Charles George Townshend, 8th Marquess Townshend (born 26 September 1945) is a British peer. He is the elder son of George Townshend, 7th Marquess Townshend, and his first wife Elizabeth Pamela Audrey (d. 1989), daughter of Thomas Luby. He was styled Viscount Raynham until he succeeded his father on 23 April 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1975 Townshend married Hermione Ponsonby (1945–1985), daughter of Lt. Cmdr. Robert Martin Dominic Ponsonby, RN, of the family of the Earls of Bessborough, who died in a motor accident in 1985. In 1990 he married Alison Marshall, née Combs, daughter of Sir Willis Ide Combs, KCVO, CMG.

paragraph: By his first wife, Townshend has two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Charles, Viscount Raynham (b. 1977), on 15 April 2011 at St Mary's Church, Kingsclere, Hampshire, married Miss Octavia Christina Legge (b. 3 February 1980), daughter of Mr and Mrs Christopher Legge, of Kingsclere, Hampshire. Miss Legge's family is apparently unrelated to the earls of Dartmouth, as far as researched.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Louise Elizabeth Townshend, now Lady Louise Da Paixao (b. 1979), married (2006) Edson Da Paixao.

paragraph: The current Marquess holds the subsidiary titles Viscount Townshend, of Raynham in the County of Norfolk (created 1682), and Baron Townshend, of Lynn Regis in the County of Norfolk (created 1661), both of which are in the Peerage of England. He is also a Baronet, of Raynham in the County of Norfolk (created 1617). As the subsidiary titles are of the same name as the primary title, the Viscountcy has been referred to as "Viscount Raynham" and the Barony "Baron Lynn".

paragraph: The family seat is Raynham Hall, Fakenham, Norfolk.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allan Freer. "Conqueror 89" from The Conqueror database, in an older version.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Townshend, 8th Marquess Townshend

description: British Marquess


text: Nuremberg

text: Aschau im Chiemgau

text: Johann Caspar Falcke

text: MAN

text: Merck Finck & Co

text: Theodor von Cramer-Klett junior

categories: Businesspeople in insurance,19th-century German businesspeople,People from Nuremberg,German company founders,1884 deaths,German bankers,1817 births

paragraph: Theodor von Cramer-Klett

paragraph: Theodor von Cramer-Klett (born September 27, 1817 in Nuremberg; died April 5, 1884 in Aschau im Chiemgau) was a German entrepreneur and banker.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His father was "Albert Johann Cramer" and his mother was "Felicitas Falcke", daughter of entrepreneur Johann Caspar Falcke in Nuremberg. He was owner of German company "Maschinenbau Actiengesellschaft Nürnberg", which became 1898 German company MAN. Cramer-Klett was founder of German company "Süddeutsche Bodencreditbank AG" and co-founder of private bank "Merck, Christian & Co", which became later Merck Finck & Co, and of German insurance company Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft.

paragraph: He first married " Emilie Klett". In second marriage after death of Emilie Klett he was married with Elisabeth Curtze and had one son Theodor von Cramer-Klett junior. Kramer-Klett is buried in Johannis cemetery in Nuremberg.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1854: Nobility

paragraph: BULLET::::- A worker city area in Nuremberg became his name "Cramer-Klett-Siedlung".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cramer-Klett Memorial in Nuremberg

paragraph: Section::::Literatur over Cramer-Klett.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Biensfeldt: "Freiherr Dr. Theodor von Cramer-Klett erblicher Reichsrat der Krone Bayern. Sein Leben und Werk, ein Beitrag zur bayerischen Wirtschaftsgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts". Leipzig and Erlangen [1922]

paragraph: BULLET::::- G. Eibert: "Unternehmenspolitik Nürnberger Maschinenbauer (1835–1914)". Stuttgart 1979

paragraph: BULLET::::- H. Kluge: "Gründer und Erben. Die Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft (1880–2007)". Munich 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- H. Kluge: "Der Einfluß des Geschäfts der "Allianz" auf die Entwicklung der "Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft" in deren ersten fünfzig Jahren (1880–1930)". In: Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte – Economic History Yearbook 2006/2

paragraph: BULLET::::- H.-J. Rupieper: "Arbeiter und Angestellte im Zeitalter der Industrialisierung. Eine sozialgeschichtliche Studie am Beispiel der Maschinenfabriken Augsburg und Nürnberg (M.A.N.) 1837–1914". Frankfurt/M. and New York 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Siegl: "Die Cramer-Klett's, eine Industriellen-Familie und ihre Bedeutung für das Priental". (Chronik Aschau i. Ch., Quellenband III), Aschau 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reinhard Spree: "Two Chapters on early history of the Munich Reinsurance Company: The Foundation/The San Francisco Earthquake". Department of Economics, University of Munich, Munich Discussion Paper No. 2010–11, Munich 2010 (online)

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. Spree: "Eine bürgerliche Karriere im deutschen Kaiserreich. Der Aufstieg des Advokaten Dr. jur. Hermann Ritter von Pemsel in Wirtschaftselite und Adel Bayerns". Aachen 2007

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- RsSpree.Wordpress.com: Der Industrie-Pionier und Finanzier Theodor von Cramer-Klett, 2012

description: German entrepreneur

wikidata_label: Theodor Cramer-Klett

wikipedia_title: Theodor von Cramer-Klett


text: Utrecht

text: Amsterdam

text: Dutch

text: Constantijn Huygens Prize

text: Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland

categories: 20th-century Dutch male writers,Constantijn Huygens Prize winners,1900 births,Dutch male novelists,People from Utrecht (city),1972 deaths,20th-century Dutch novelists

paragraph: Jan Engelman

paragraph: Johannes Aloysius Antonius Engelman (born Utrecht, 7 June 1900; died Amsterdam, 20 March 1972) was a Dutch writer. He was the recipient of the Constantijn Huygens Prize in 1954.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 - "Het roosvenster"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 - "Sine nomine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 - "Parnassus en Empyreum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 - "Torso"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 - "Tuin van Eros"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 - "Tuin van Eros en andere gedichten"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 - "Tympanon"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 - "Bij de bron"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 - "Het bezegeld hart"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 - "Noodweer"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 - "Vrijheid"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 - "Philomela"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 - "Koning Oedipus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 - "Twee maal Apollo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 - "Verzamelde gedichten"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 - "Het Bittermeer en andere gedichten"

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Engelman, Johannes Aloysius Antonius (1900-1972), Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland

description: Dutch writer

wikidata_label: Jan Engelman

wikipedia_title: Jan Engelman


text: Dutch

text: Constantijn Huygens Prize

text: P. C. Hooft Award

text: Mathias Kemp

text: Maastricht

text: Limburg

text: Limburgian

text: marijuana

text: 1959 in literature

text: Profile

text: Digital library for Dutch literature

categories: Constantijn Huygens Prize winners,1886 births,People from Maastricht,P. C. Hooft Award winners,Dutch writers,1967 deaths

paragraph: Pierre Kemp

paragraph: Pierre Kemp (1 December 1886 – 21 July 1967) was a Dutch poet and painter, the recipient of the Constantijn Huygens Prize in 1956 and the P. C. Hooft Award in 1958. His younger brother was the writer Mathias Kemp.

paragraph: Kemp was born in Maastricht and died there in 1967. In Limburg, the county where he was born, people made fun of his surname; in several dialects of Dutch and the regional Limburgian language, 'kemp' (as and general Dutch ) is the colloquial term for marijuana.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 - "Het wondere lied"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1916 - "De bruid der onbekende zee en andere gedichten"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 - "Limburgs Sagenboek"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928 - "Carmina Matrimonalia"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 - "Stabielen en passanten"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 - "Zuster Beatrijs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 - "Fugitieven en constanten"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 - "Transitieven en immobielen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 - "Pacific"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 - "Standard-book of classic blacks"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 - "Phototropen en noctophilen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 - "Forensen voor Cythère en andere gedichten"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 - "Engelse verfdoos"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 - "Vijf families en één poederblauw"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 in literature - "Emeritaat"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 - "Garden, 36, 22, 36 inches"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 - "Les Folies Maestrichtoises"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 - "De incomplete luisteraar"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 - "Au Pays du Tendre mosan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 - "Perzische suite voor Dr. E.F. Tijdens"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 - "Verzameld werk"

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at the Digital library for Dutch literature

description: Dutch writer

wikidata_label: Pierre Kemp

wikipedia_title: Pierre Kemp


text:
Hebrew
Jihlava
Tel Aviv
David Ben Gurion
Jihlava
Palestine
Marc Chagall
Max Brod
Eleanor Roosevelt
Isaac Stern
Nahum Gutman
Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
Arturo Toscanini
David Ben Gurion
The Jewish Museum

categories: Israeli photographers,1999 deaths,1910 births,People from Jihlava,Czech Jews

paragraph: Rudi Weissenstein

paragraph: Shimon Rudolf "Rudi" Weissenstein (Hebrew: רודי ויסנשטין; February 17, 1910 in Jihlava, Bohemia – October 20, 1999 in Tel Aviv) was an Israeli photographer. He was best known for his extensive photo documentation of the everyday life of Jewish immigrants in the 1930s. The only photographs of Israel's declaration of independence by David Ben Gurion in 1948 are by Weissenstein, who built a collection of over a million negatives.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Rudi Weissenstein was born in 1910 in the Bohemian-Moravian town of Jihlava and grew up as one of four children. From 1929 to 1931 he completed an apprenticeship as a book printer at the Graphische Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt in Vienna. He then completed his military service in the Czechoslovak army and then worked as a photographer at the Prague and Vienna newspapers. Since 1934 Weissenstein planned his emigration to Palestine and he left Europe in the late 1935, reaching Haifa in January 1936. He continued to work as a photographer and journalist and in 1940 married Miriam Arnstein (1913-2011), who had studied dance and acrobatics in Vienna and had emigrated to Palestine before Weissenstein. Together they opened Photo House Pri-Or in Tel Aviv on Allenby street in 1940. Weissenstein documented the Jewish everyday and cultural life in Tel Aviv, including numerous prominent personalities - artists and politicians, such as Marc Chagall, Max Brod, Eleanor Roosevelt, Isaac Stern and the painter Nahum Gutman. He photographed for the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra since the first concert conducted by Arturo Toscanini. Weissenstein's most well-known photograph is that of the Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948, by David Ben Gurion, where he was the only accredited photographer.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Rudi Weissenstein died in 1992 and his estate - a photo archive of more than 250,000 negatives was managed and maintained by his widow until her death in 2011. Since 2011, the archive and Photo House is managed by his grandson Ben Peter Weissenstein in a new store on Tshernichovski Street, received from the Tel Aviv municipality. Miriam Weissenstein and Ben Peter Weissenstein were part of the documentary film "Life In Stills" by Tamar Tal, dealing among other things with the history of the photo house, which Rudi Weissenstein had opened.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Exhibitions.

paragraph: Weissenstein's photographs have been shown and awarded numerous prizes in Israel and abroad, among others in 1961 with the award at the International Photography Exhibition in Moscow for the recording "Working Hands". His works were exhibited in Heussenstamm Gallery in Frankfurt, Germany; Eckhart Gallery, The Hague; The Jewish Museum in Munich, Germany. The last exhibition in Germany "Your happy eyes" in 2010 was opened by Miriam Weissenstein.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dvir Ori: Rudi Weissenstein. Israel Early Photographs. Modan Publishing House, Ben-Shemen 2008, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michal Amram, Anna-Patricia Kahn, Ben Peter (Hrsg.): Rudi. Discovering the Weissenstein Archive. Kehrer Verlag, Heidelberg 2016, .

alias:
Weissenstein, Rudolf
Rudi Ṿaisenshṭain
Weissenstein, Rudi, S
Weissenstein, Rudolph
Weissenstein, Shimon Rudolph
Ṿisenshṭin, Rudi
Ṿaisenshṭin, Rudi
Ṿaisenshṭain, Rudi
Rudi Weisenstein

description: Israeli photographer

wikidata_label: Rudi Weissenstein

wikipedia_title: Rudi Weissenstein


text: Philippine House of Representatives

text: Legislative District of Sorsogon

text: 1987 Constitution

text: Constitutional Convention in 1970

text: Far Eastern University

text: Celerina Gotladera

text: Bulan, Sorsogon

text: Gregorio Honasan

text: Korean War

text: Martial Law

categories: Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni,Far Eastern University alumni,2002 deaths,Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Sorsogon,Filipino military personnel of the Korean War,Corazon Aquino Administration personnel,Individuals honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani,1921 births

paragraph: Bonifacio Gillego

paragraph: Bonifacio H. Gillego (June 5, 1921 – August 1, 2002) was a Philippine politician, military officer, and author. He served in the Philippine House of Representatives for three terms (1987–1998), representing the 2nd Legislative District of Sorsogon. "Boni" was one of the Framers of the 1987 Constitution. He had also served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1970.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Gillego earned his degrees in English and Philosophy at the Far Eastern University in Manila in 1950. He earned a master's degree from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies as an Armed Forces of the Philippines Scholar. His eldest sister, Celerina Gotladera, served as the Chairman of Civil Service Commission and Mayor of Bulan, Sorsogon. He is a cousin of Gregorio Honasan.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: As a soldier, Gillego served in the Korean War and served in Operation Brotherhood in Laos.

paragraph: Section::::Marcos Era: Exile and Resistance.

paragraph: Gillego was exiled in the United States for 14 years during Martial Law. He was one of the leaders of the opposition to Marcos in the United States and was a member of the Movement For a Free Philippines during his exile. Gillego was often interviewed by American Press and Western media to expose Marcos' fraud, particularly with his military medal decorations. Through his writings and countless interviews with the American press, Gillego publicly questioned Marcos' war record. In 1986, he served on the Commission on Good Government on behalf of President Corazon Aquino to find real estate holdings of the Marcoses in New York.

paragraph: Section::::Congress.

paragraph: As a Congressman, "Boni" was known for his spartan lifestyle and stance against government corruption. One of his great accomplishments in Congress was agrarian reform legislation passed in June 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Books and articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Requiem for Reformism: The Ideas of Rizal on Reform and Revolution" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Other Version of FM's War Exploits". "We Forum" (November 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marcos: The Hero of Kiangan Who Never Was". "Philippine News" (September 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Police Forces as a Tool of American Imperialism". "Ronin" (October 1972)

description: Philippine politician

wikidata_label: Bonifacio Gillego

wikipedia_title: Bonifacio Gillego


text:
American Motorcyclist Association
Scott Parker

paragraph: Joe Petrali

paragraph: "Smokin'" Joe Petrali (February 22, 1904 – November 10, 1973) was an Italian-American motorcycle racer, active in the 1920s and 1930s. Petrali was a Class A racing champion who competed in board-track and dirt-track racing circuits, speed records, and hillclimbs. Petrali won a record 49 American Motorcyclist Association national championship races, with his last coming on August 29, 1937. The record stood for 55 years until broken by Scott Parker in 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Petrail was born in San Francisco, California on February 22, 1904. Petrali's affection for motorcycles began growing up in California as a child, he would watch the Class A racers of the 1910s, such as Don Johns and Balke also known as Charles “Fearless”. Balke wore leather pants and puttees while racing to keep his legs from burning. He later adopted the style and began to wear similar leather pants and puttees throughout his career.

paragraph: At 14 gained his first national victory when he entered an economy run held at the California State Fairgrounds in Sacramento. He rode his $35 single cylinder Indian. He went 176 miles on a gallon of gas.[1] Petrali continued to participate more endurance runs for three more years. He participated in an endurance run that was recognised as a record, He entered a marathon event which took three days and four nights. After all the other riders dropped out, The race was considered as a tie between Petrali and his boss Archie Rife.

paragraph: In 1937 over the sand of Daytona Beach, Florida, Joe set a world motorcycle speed record of 136.183 mph with an experimental streamlined 61 cubic inch OHV Harley. The clocking has never been topped on sand although the speed mark was better 11 years later.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: in 1925 National Board Track Championship and in 1926 he two national using a Harley-Davidson. On August 13, 1927 Eddie Brinck was racing at Springfield, Massachusetts and his front tire blew out and hit Petrali causing him to be flung 15 feet into the air. Brinck suffered severe injuries and later died, Petrali also was impacted by injures but none as fatal as Brincks and Petrali only recovered a year later and began to start participating in events again but less frequently.

paragraph: Petrali set his first land speed record on March 13, 1937 at Daytona Beach, reaching speed of 136.183 mph. Petrali held the record for 11 years on September 13, 1948 by Rollie Free who rode a Vincent HRD (Black Shadow or Black Lightning) to a speed of 150.313 mph at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: Petrali died from a heart attack on November 10, 1973 in Casa Grande, Arizona, performing an economy run. In 1992, he was included into the Motorsports Hall of Fame, in 1998, he was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of fame, and in 2006 he was inducted into the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame.

description: American motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Joe Petrali

wikipedia_title: Joe Petrali


text:
Textile Workers Union of America
Emil Rieve
American Federation of Labor
Congress of Industrial Organizations
United Textile Workers of America
Dyers Foundation
Danville, Virginia
Durham, North Carolina
Atlanta
Greensboro, North Carolina
Southern United States
Hawthorne, New Jersey

categories: American trade unionists,People from Paterson, New Jersey,1907 births,1972 deaths,People from Hawthorne, New Jersey

paragraph: George Baldanzi

paragraph: George Baldanzi (January 23, 1907 – April 16, 1972) was an American trade unionist. He was the founding executive vice president of the Textile Workers Union of America (TWUA), and had a rivalry with Emil Rieve, the founding president of the organization. This rivalry led to his ouster from the TWUA in 1952, after which he joined the United Textile Workers of America as national organizing director. Following the merger of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) into the AFL-CIO in 1958, Baldanzi was president of the United Textile Workers of America from 1958 until his death in 1972.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Baldanzi began his work in trade unionism by founding the Dyers Foundation, a textile workers union that would eventually expand into the AFL-affiliated United Textile Workers. Baldanzi was, with Emil Rieve, one of the founding members of the Textile Workers Union of America (TWUA) in 1939. He had been elected president of the original United Textile Workers of America (UTWA) when its previous president, Frank Gorman had been removed. Rieve was elected as president of the TWUA, and Baldanzi served as the organization's executive vice president. He also served as the chairman of the CIO's Italian-American Trade Union committee during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Operation Dixie.

paragraph: Baldanzi was an advocate for organizing textile workers in the Southern United States, arguing with Northern delegates at the CIO's convention that they should not be seen as invading. When the CIO decided to launch an organizing campaign in the South, dubbed "Operation Dixie", Baldanzi was named its deputy director, serving with director Van Bittner. Baldanzi was made the leader of the CIO's Southern Organizing Committee in August 1949 upon Bittner's death. Baldanzi spent time organizing in the South before this, and organizers under his direction had made progress as early as 1942 in Danville, Virginia and Durham, North Carolina that contributed to his reputation within the TWUA. While Bittner worked from Atlanta, Baldanzi chose to operate out of Greensboro, North Carolina because it was close to many textile plants.

paragraph: Section::::Break with Rieve.

paragraph: Baldanzi was re-elected executive vice president of the TWUA by the delegates at the union's convention in 1950. Rieve and those allied to him tried to convince delegates not to re-elect Baldanzi because the two were unable to work together.

paragraph: Following the 1952 convention, Baldanzi signed as national organizing director for the UTWA, which was affiliated with the AFL. Following his decision, between 25,000 and 35,000 members left the TWUA. Baldanzi's separation from the TWUA also caused a decrease of the organization's effectiveness in the Southern United States, since the union had to use its resources to prevent Southern textile workers from following Baldanzi to the AFL.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Baldanzi and his wife, Lena Parenti, had one son Georgino.

paragraph: Baldanzi died at his home in Hawthorne, New Jersey, on April 16, 1972, at the age of 65.

description: American trade unionist

wikidata_label: George Baldanzi

wikipedia_title: George Baldanzi


text:
Atlanta
Georgia
Mary J. Blige
Bad Boy Records
Marvin Gaye
Basshunter
BBC Radio One
Nick Grimshaw
Jimmy Shoe
Supafly
Crush
Celeste Scalone
Wiley
Ed Sheeran
Sway
O.T.T
Fugative on Twitter

categories: English male rappers,English singer-songwriters,Music in Essex,1994 births,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Harry James (singer)

paragraph: Harry James Byart (born 11 March 1994), better known by his former stage name Fugative, is an English singer, rapper, songwriter and record producer. He worked with Kirk Burrowes in April 2009 in Atlanta, Georgia the former manager of Mary J. Blige and co-founder of Bad Boy Records after Burrowes was contacted by Byart's mother Gloria who previously worked as a Publicist to Marvin Gaye. Fugative has toured with Basshunter and has been favourably received by BBC Radio One's Nick Grimshaw who proclaimed, "I want this kid's nuts!" on his "Switch" radio show. Fugative also released "The Departure" Mixtape in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: His debut single "It's Summertime", peaked at number two on the UK Urban Chart before remaining in the top five for 17 consecutive weeks. He released his second single Jimmy Shoe on 6 April 2009, followed by his third single, Supafly, peaking at No.48 on the Official UK Singles Chart.

paragraph: On 10 May 2010, Crush, his fourth single was released. It reached No.26 on the Official UK Charts and remains his highest charting single to date. A fifth single, "Bad Girl" feat. Celeste Scalone peaked at No.59.

paragraph: Plans for his debut album "No Goin Home" due to be released in 2010, failed to materialise.

paragraph: On 27 February 2011, "Go Hard", his sixth single featuring MZ Bratt and Wiley was released. Ed Sheeran and Sway featured on his seventh single "Home", released 4 September 2011.

paragraph: He released singles O.T.T and Charlie Sheen between 2012-2013, the singles were due to be from his upcoming EP "Where The Story Ends" but was eventually never released.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fugative on Twitter

description: British rapper

wikidata_label: Fugative

wikipedia_title: Harry James (singer)


text:
Canadian/Italian
ice hockey
goaltender
Unrestricted Free Agent
2010 IIHF World Championship
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
Acadie-Bathurst Titan
2002–03
Nick Sanza
Roberto Luongo
Italian
Serie A
Alleghe HC
Asiago HC
Torino
Merano
Bolzano HC
Tours
Port Huron Icehawks

categories: Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Italy,Acadie–Bathurst Titan players,Asiago Hockey 1935 players,Living people,SG Cortina players,Quad City Mallards (CHL) players,Bolzano HC players,Arizona Sundogs players,Ice hockey people from Quebec,Canadian ice hockey goaltenders,1983 births,Wichita Thunder players,HC Alleghe players,Port Huron Icehawks players,Sportspeople from Montreal,Anglophone Quebec people,Canadian people of Italian descent

paragraph: Adam Russo

paragraph: Adam Russo (born April 12, 1983) is a Canadian/Italian professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently an Unrestricted Free Agent. He participated at the 2010 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Italian National men's ice hockey team.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Russo played major junior in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) with the Acadie-Bathurst Titan for four seasons. In his first season, he was named to the All Rookie Team. In 2002–03, he tied Nick Sanza and Roberto Luongo for the league-record in single-season shutouts with seven. That same year, he won both the Jacques Plante trophy as best goaltender in the QMJHL and the CHL (Canadian Hockey League) Goaltender of the Year and was named to the First All-Star team at the Golden Puck Award banquet. He holds the career Season/Playoff record for shutouts with a total of 23. He turned pro in 2004–05 overseas in the Italian Serie A with Alleghe HC and Asiago HC. He went on to also play for Torino, Merano and Bolzano HC where he won championships both years, before joining the French Ligue Magnus in 2008–09 with Tours where he was named to the French All-Star team. In 2009–10, he returned to North America to play in the IHL with the Port Huron Icehawks. At the end of the season he participated in the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championships in Germany, where he played against both Team Canada and Team Latvia in the preliminary round. He then played for the Quad City Mallards during the 2010-2011 where he picked up Goalie Of the Week mentions a couple of times and repeated those honors the following season when he played for the Wichita Thunder. There he was a finalist for CHL Goaltender of the year. He was traded to the Arizona Sundogs of the CHL for the 2012-13 season.

paragraph: On a side note, after his rookie season, he attended the Montreal Canadiens rookie camp, but missed out on a contract, and the year after he received his CHL Goalie of the Year award, he attended the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim pro camp where he did very well, but again, was not offered a deal. Before his season in 2009-2010 in Port Huron with the Icehawks, he also attended the Worcester Sharks training camp, farm team of the San Jose Sharks.

paragraph: Also, Adam has his own business, A.R. Action-Reaction Goaltending, a goaltending consultant and coaching company based out of Vancouver B.C. He has been teaching and training goalies for 15+ years.

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Adam Russo

wikipedia_title: Adam Russo


text:
Vienna
Austria
composer
fashion design
flute
clarinet
saxophone
composition
conductor
arranger
Edgar Froese
Tangerine Dream
Official website of the artist
Tangerine Dream Web for more details

categories: Living people,Austrian composers,1968 births,Austrian female composers,Tangerine Dream members

paragraph: Linda Spa

paragraph: Linda Spa (aka Mag. Gerlinde Spazierer MBA, born 4 September 1968, in Vienna) is an Austrian composer.

paragraph: Originally she learned fashion design in Vienna, but soon started with her musical training. She studied flute, clarinet, saxophone and composition. In addition, Linda Spa is a trained conductor and arranger.

paragraph: In addition to many international artistic works, especially for theater and film music scores, actually in Austria in the field of stage- and acting music, she played for many years with Edgar Froese's band Tangerine Dream as saxophonist, keyboardist and conductor. She also composed for this ensemble, and also tours occasionally with the band in Europe and overseas till 2015.

paragraph: Linda Spa was Grammy nominated five times as a leading member of the band Tangerine Dream in the 1990s.

paragraph: She performed live the song Sally`s Garden 2011 together with Queen guitar player Brian May as a duet on stage.

paragraph: For some time, Linda Spa has been working with various guest musicians on the completion of her new CD with love songs composed by her.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website of the artist

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tangerine Dream Web for more details

description: Austrian composer

wikidata_label: Linda Spa

wikipedia_title: Linda Spa


text: paranormal

text: occult

text: The Third Eye

text: Plympton

text: Devon

text: lama

text: The Third Eye

text: Chokpori

text: trepanation

text: third eye

text: clairvoyance

text: yeti

text: mummified

text: incarnation

text: another planet

text: Secker and Warburg

text: Fredric Warburg

text: Times Literary Supplement

text: Heinrich Harrer

text: Liverpool

text: Daily Mail

text: Plympton

text: plumber

text: Fra Andrew Bertie

text: Sovereign Military Order of Malta

text: Howth

text: spirit

text: fir

text: Thames Ditton

text: owl

text: transmigration of the soul

text: The Third Eye

text: Donald S. Lopez, Jr.

text: BBC Radio 4

text: The Third Eye

text: Dalai Lama

text: occult

text: Siamese cat

text: charlatan

text: con artist

text: Calgary

text: The Third Eye

text: Grey Owl

text: Mediumship

text: Third eye

text: Trepanation

text: Tuesday Lobsang Rampa

text: LobsangRampa.net

categories: British emigrants to Canada,British spiritual writers,Pseudohistorians,Hoaxes in the United Kingdom,1950s hoaxes,1910 births,Impostors,1981 deaths,Canadian spiritual writers,Literary forgeries,New Age writers,Paranormal hoaxes

paragraph: Lobsang Rampa

paragraph: Lobsang Rampa is the pen name of an author who wrote books with paranormal and occult themes. His best known work is "The Third Eye", published in Britain in 1956.

paragraph: Following the publication of the book, newspapers reported that Rampa was Cyril Henry Hoskin (8 April 1910 – 25 January 1981), a plumber from Plympton in Devon who claimed that his body hosted the spirit of a Tibetan lama going by the name of Tuesday Lobsang Rampa, who is purported to have authored the books. The name Tuesday relates to a claim in "The Third Eye" that Tibetans are named after the day of the week on which they were born.

paragraph: Section::::"The Third Eye".

paragraph: In November 1956 a book called "The Third Eye" was published in the United Kingdom. It was written by a man named Tuesday Lobsang Rampa, and it purported to relate his experiences while growing up in Chakpori Lamasery, Chokpori, Tibet, after being sent there at the age of seven. The title of the book is derived from an operation, similar to trepanation, that Rampa claimed he had undergone, in which a small hole was drilled into his forehead to arouse the third eye and enhance powers of clairvoyance. The book describes the operation as follows:

paragraph: During the story, Rampa sees yetis and eventually encounters a mummified body of himself from an earlier incarnation. He also takes part in an initiation ceremony in which he learns that during its early history the Earth was struck by another planet, causing Tibet to become the mountain kingdom that it is today.

paragraph: The manuscript of "The Third Eye" had been turned down by several leading British publishers before being accepted by Secker and Warburg for an advance of £800 (£ today). Fredric Warburg of Secker and Warburg had met the book's author, who at the time appeared in the guise of "Doctor Carl Kuon Suo". Intrigued by the writer's personality, Warburg sent the manuscript to a number of scholars, several of whom expressed doubts about its authenticity. Nevertheless, the book was published in November 1956 and soon became a global bestseller. The "Times Literary Supplement" said of the book: "It came near to being a work of art."

paragraph: Section::::"The Third Eye".:Controversy over authorship.

paragraph: Explorer and Tibetologist Heinrich Harrer was unconvinced about the book's origins and hired a private detective from Liverpool named Clifford Burgess to investigate Rampa. "In January 1957, Scotland Yard asked him to present a Tibetan passport or a residence permit. Rampa moved to Ireland. One year later, the scholars retained the services of Clifford Burgess, a leading Liverpool private detective. Burgess’s report, when it came in, was terse. Lama Lobsang Rampa of Tibet, he determined after one month of inquiries, was none other than Cyril Henry Hoskin, a native of Plympton, Devonshire, the son of the village plumber and a high school dropout." The findings of Burgess' investigation were published in the "Daily Mail" in February 1958. It was reported that the author of the book was a man named Cyril Henry Hoskin, who had been born in Plympton, Devon, in 1910 and was the son of a plumber. Hoskin had never been to Tibet and spoke no Tibetan. In 1948, he had legally changed his name to Carl Kuon Suo before adopting the name Lobsang Rampa. An obituary of Fra Andrew Bertie, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, claims that he was involved in unmasking Lobsang Rampa as a West Country plumber.

paragraph: Rampa was tracked by the British press to Howth, Ireland, and confronted with these allegations. He did not deny that he had been born as Cyril Hoskin, but claimed that his body was now occupied by the spirit of Lobsang Rampa. According to the account given in his third book, "The Rampa Story", he had fallen out of a fir tree in his garden in Thames Ditton, Surrey, while attempting to photograph an owl. He was concussed and, on regaining his senses, had seen a Buddhist monk in saffron robes walking towards him. The monk spoke to him about Rampa taking over his body and Hoskin agreed, saying that he was dissatisfied with his current life. When Rampa's original body became too worn out to continue, he took over Hoskin's body in a process of transmigration of the soul.

paragraph: Rampa maintained for the rest of his life that "The Third Eye" was a true story. In the foreword to the 1964 edition of the book, he wrote:

paragraph: To Donald S. Lopez, Jr., an American Tibetologist, the books of Lobsang Rampa are "the works of an unemployed surgical fitter, the son of a plumber, seeking to support himself as a ghostwriter."

paragraph: The authorship controversy was dramatised in a radio play, "The Third Eye and the Private Eye", by David Lemon and Mark Ecclestone, first broadcast by BBC Radio 4 in August 2012.

paragraph: Section::::"The Third Eye".:Influence on Tibetologists’ callings.

paragraph: Donald S. Lopez, Jr., in "Prisoners of Shangri-La" (1998), points out that when discussing Rampa with other tibetologists and buddhologists in Europe, he found that "The Third Eye" was the first book many of them had read about Tibet: "For some it was a fascination with the world Rampa described that had led them to become professional scholars of Tibet."

paragraph: Lopez adds that when he gave "The Third Eye" to a class of his at the University of Michigan without telling them about its history, the "students were unanimous in their praise of the book, and despite six prior weeks of lectures and readings on Tibetan history and religion, [...] they found it entirely credible and compelling, judging it more realistic than anything they had previously read about Tibet."

paragraph: Section::::Role in the Tibetan cause.

paragraph: Lobsang Rampa was a supporter of the Tibetan cause despite criticism of his books. In 1972, Rampa's French language agent Alain Stanké wrote to the Dalai Lama and asked for his opinion about Rampa's identity. He received a reply from the Dalai Lama's deputy secretary stating "I wish to inform you that we do not place credence in the books written by the so-called Dr. T. Lobsang Rampa. His works are highly imaginative and fictional in nature." The Dalai Lama had previously admitted that although the books were fictitious, they had created good publicity for Tibet.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Lobsang Rampa went on to write another 18 books containing a mixture of religious and occult material. One of the books, "Living with the Lama", was described as being dictated to Rampa by his pet Siamese cat, Mrs. Fifi Greywhiskers. Faced with repeated accusations from the British press that he was a charlatan and a con artist, Rampa went to live in Canada in the 1960s. He and his wife, San Ra'ab, became Canadian citizens in 1973, along with Sheelagh Rouse (Buttercup) who was his secretary and regarded by Rampa as his adopted daughter.

paragraph: Lobsang Rampa died in Calgary on 25 January 1981, at the age of 70.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Third Eye" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Visit to Venus" (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doctor from Lhasa" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rampa Story" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cave of the Ancients" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Living with the Lama" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Forever" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wisdom of the Ancients" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Saffron Robe" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chapters of Life" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyond The Tenth" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feeding the Flame" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hermit" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Thirteenth Candle" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Candlelight" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Twilight" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "As It Was!" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Believe" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Lives" (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tibetan Sage" (1980)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grey Owl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mediumship

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third eye

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trepanation

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lobsang Rampa — New Age Trailblazer by Karen Mutton,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newnham, Richard (1991). "The Guinness Book of Fakes, Frauds and Forgeries".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West by Donald S. Lopez Jr.,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Вавренюк" Р. С. Т. Лобсанг Рампа как источник исторической и философской мысли // На шляху до науки XXI сторіччя: Збірник наукових праць і матеріалів другої Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції (4–5 листопада 2011 р.) / Гол. ред. В. С. Рижиков. Кіровоград: Науково-дослідний центр інноваційних технологій, 2011. 339 с. С. 212–223.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Вавренюк" Р. С. Т. Лобсанг Рампа о Византийском соборе (общий анализ) // Науковий вісник інноваційних технологій за матеріалами Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Інноваційні наукові технології: передовий світовий досвід» (5 листопада 2012 р.) / Гол. ред. В. С. Рижиков. Т. І–ІІ. Т. І. Кіровоград: Науково-дослідний центр інноваційних технологій, 2012. 344 с. С. 278–288.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Вавренюк" Р. С. Лобсанг Рампа о Византийском соборе (тематический анализ) // Наукові пошуки: актуальні проблеми теорії та практики: Збірник наукових праць і матеріалів Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції (20 травня 2015 року) / Гол. ред. Р. М. Колісніченко. Кіровоград: Кіровоградський інститут ПрАТ «ВНЗ МАУП», 2015. 250 с. С. 49–60.

paragraph: BULLET::::- All the books by his wife, San Ra'ab Rampa:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pussywillow" (1976 English)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tigerlily" (1978 English)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le monde de Rampa" (1979 French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Autumn Lady" (1980 English)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ma vie avec Rampa" (1980 French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dans L'intimité de Rampa" (1981 French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wild Briar" (1982 English)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lumière et sagesse" (1982 French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flor Silvestre" (1984 Portuguese)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flor Silvestre" (1984 Brazil)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Testament de Lobsang Rampa" (French,1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flor Silvestre" is listed twice because this book was originally published in 1982 titled "Wild Brair" and "Lumière et sagesse," later in 1984 it was translated into both Portuguese and Brazil. Whilst they are all the same book it was four different languages.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Books by Sheelagh Rouse (alias Buttercup)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "25 years with T. Lobsang Rampa" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grace, The World of Rampa" (2007)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Excerpts from Rampa's writings, advocacy of his views.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tuesday Lobsang Rampa Multilingual website in 36 languages, including a very comprehensive book lists for Dr Rampa, Sheelagh, and Ra'ab.

paragraph: BULLET::::- T. Lobsang Rampa – extracts from his writings

paragraph: BULLET::::- LobsangRampa.net – website maintained by followers of Rampa, containing links to a mailgroup and other Rampa-themed websites

alias:
Tuesday Lobsang Rampa
Cyril Henry Hoskin

description: English writer

wikidata_label: Lobsang Rampa

wikipedia_title: Lobsang Rampa