text:
wrestler
World War I
Inter-Allied Games
barnstorming
body building
Grant Township
Sutherland
O'Brien County, Iowa
wrestling
Martin "Farmer" Burns
Omaha, Nebraska
catch as catch can
United States Marine Corps
England
6th Marine Regiment
2nd Infantry Division
American Expeditionary Forces
Battle of Verdun
mustard gas
France
Armistice
Germany
General John J. Pershing
esprit de corps
baseball
football
basketball
tennis
boxing
YMCA
Inter-Allied Games
Coblenz, Germany
wrestling
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Sarajevo
Treaty of Versailles
Gene Tunney
Jack Dempsey
Max Schmeling
Marshal
Ferdinand Foch
YMCA
Quantico, Virginia
Good Conduct Medal
World War I Victory Medal
Sutherland, Iowa
Spencer, Iowa
Royal, Iowa
Des Moines
University of Iowa
Chicago
Simpson College
Indianola, Iowa
Iowa State
Northern Iowa
Des Moines University
barnstorming
biplane
Spencer, Iowa
Boone, Iowa
physical culture
bodybuilding

categories: American catch wrestlers,1896 births,1957 deaths,American wrestling coaches,United States Marines,People associated with physical culture

paragraph: Ralph Parcaut

paragraph: Ralph Edward Parcaut (December 3, 1896 – June 25, 1957) was a professional wrestler in the early part of the 20th century. He served in the U.S. Marines in World War I and won gold medals at the A.E.F. Games in Germany following the War, and at the Inter-Allied Games held near Paris in 1919. He also won the title of "Middleweight Champion of the World" in 1920 and held the title until at least 1923. He was injured in a plane crash while barnstorming around 1932, ending his pro wrestling career. He later became a promoter, trainer, author, and exhibitionist for early body building.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and training.

paragraph: Ralph Parcaut was born in Iowa on December 3, 1896. His parents, Edward and Eva Parcaut, were farmers who, in 1894, had settled on a farm in Grant Township an area near Sutherland a small town in O'Brien County, Iowa. They had a family of seven children. From an early age, Parcaut took a keen interest in wrestling with other boys and began to demonstrate considerable aptitude for the sport. In 1906, at the age of 15, a local wrestling fan, impressed with Parcaut's talent and potential, gave him $100.00, a considerable sum of money at the time, to seek training from famed wrestler and instructor Martin "Farmer" Burns. At the time, Burns operated a school for wrestlers in Omaha, Nebraska where he taught "catch as catch can" or modern day freestyle wrestling and physical training. Parcaut traveled to Omaha, his $100.00 buying him 10 lessons, as Farmer Burns charged $10.00 an hour for one-on-one wrestling instruction with students. Burns instilled in young Parcaut what would become a lifelong regimen of training and most importantly, "clean living." As Parcaut recalled years later, "I'll never forget the first time I met him in Omaha ... All the way back to the gymnasium he talked to me about the evils of drink and of smoking and even urged me not to partake of tea or coffee."

paragraph: Section::::Champion wrestler of the A.E.F..

paragraph: In August 1918, at the age of 22, Parcaut enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. At the time, one could enlist for 2 years, 4 years, or for the duration of the war, with Parcaut choosing the last option. He received basic training at Quantico, Virginia, and was assigned to Company "D," Seventh Separate Battalion. Upon completion of his training at the end of October 1918, he was shipped overseas to England aboard the transport , a former German luxury liner which had been seized by the U.S. Government and converted for war service. Upon arrival in France, Pvt. Parcaut was assigned to the 74th Company, 6th Marine Regiment, 4th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division, American Expeditionary Forces (A.E.F.), likely as a KIA or WIA (killed in action or wounded in action) replacement. Six months earlier, in April 1918, the 74th Company had been encamped while being held in reserve near Verdun, site of the Battle of Verdun in 1916, and was shelled by a nighttime German artillery barrage firing deadly mustard gas shells. With many of the Marines caught asleep in their tents, the unit suffered casualties of over 300 officers and men, 40 of whom were killed. On November 11, 1918, very shortly after his arrival in France, the Armistice officially ended the hostilities of World War One, and, being too late for combat duty, Pvt. Parcaut was assigned to the Occupation Forces then moving into Germany.

paragraph: On December 29, 1918, General John J. Pershing issued the first General Order(#241) relating to sports in the U.S. Army. General Pershing was the Commander of the A.E.F. The purpose of the order was to direct the attention of all concerned to the importance of encouraging the development of general and competitive athletics and all kinds of appropriate entertainment, for the purpose of keeping up the morale, fostering and developing organization, esprit de corps, and improving the physical fitness of the Army. The order directed the commencement of competitions within the A.E.F. leading to championships in track & field, baseball, football, basketball, tennis, boxing and wrestling. The publication of GO #241 established a cooperative arrangement for this goal between the Army and the YMCA. The Inter-Allied Games, as the culminating event was to be known, signalized to a vast number of soldiers of the various armies of the allies the end of the Great War and the beginning of a greater and more hopeful peace than the world had yet known.

paragraph: The invitation to participate in the Inter-Allied Games was issued by General Pershing, as Commander-in-Chief (CINC) of the A.E.F., on January 19, 1919, less than five and a half months before the opening of the events themselves. There were 29 nations which received the invitation, except Germany, who for obvious reasons was not invited. Eighteen accepted, the other countries finding themselves forced to decline the invitation. This is because they either had a very small number of men in France and the date set for the games was too near to allow time for training and transporting others or for the reason that their troops had already left French soil and were being demobilized at home.

paragraph: Drawing on his skill and training gained from Farmer Burns 12 years before, Pvt. Parcaut entered one of the preliminary matches, the A.E.F. Divisional Games held in Coblenz, Germany, and won first place in his event. In April 1919, he was detached from his company to compete in the A.E.F. Games, held at Lemans, France and once again took first prize in wrestling. He was held in service in France in order to compete in the Inter-Allied Games which officially took place in Paris at the newly constructed Pershing Stadium from June 22 to July 6, 1919. To add to the heightened mood of the Games, on June 28, 1919, the fifth anniversary of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie in Sarajevo, the event which had precipitated the war, the formal signing of the Treaty of Versailles took place, officially bringing World War I to a close. During the course of the Inter-allied Games, Parcaut soundly defeated challengers from 14 nations in the light heavyweight division of catch-as-catch-can wrestling, taking every bout but the final one with falls, to become the "Champion Wrestler of the A.E.F." He was one of only 12 American servicemen to win gold medals at the games, including future boxing legend Gene Tunney. Tunney was also a Marine who 7 years later, in September 1926, would himself become Boxing Heavyweight Champion of the World after defeating another legend of the sport, Jack Dempsey in Philadelphia and later was succeeded by Max Schmeling in 1928.

paragraph: General Pershing and many other notables, including France's Marshal Ferdinand Foch, who had been Supreme Commander of the Allied Armies, sat in on Parcaut's victorious matches during the games and his gold medal was awarded at the closing ceremonies by Pershing himself. Following the end of the games, the venue which had been specially built by the U.S. Military and YMCA to host them, Pershing Stadium, was officially presented as a gift to the People of France from the United States of America. On his way back to the U.S. following the closing of the games in July 1919, Parcaut gained one more notable title as he competed for and won the title of Heavyweight Champion of the Navy. By August 1919, Pvt. Parcaut was back in the States, assigned to the 203rd Casual Company, Marine Barracks, Quantico, Virginia, and shortly afterwards was honorably discharged. For his exemplary service, he was awarded the USMC Good Conduct Medal as well as the World War I Victory Medal.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career - Middleweight Champion of the World.

paragraph: Upon his return to civilian life, Parcaut began on a very successful career of professional wrestling. Although originally from Sutherland, Iowa, he later lived for a time in Spencer, Iowa, Royal, Iowa, and later Des Moines. He was usually billed for wrestling bouts as being from Spencer or Royal. From 1920 to 1921 he became the wrestling Coach and Instructor of the University of Iowa. On Wednesday, August 25, 1920, only a year after returning from France, Parcaut grappled with the reigning Champ Johnny Meyers from Chicago, Illinois, for a chance at the Middleweight Champion of the World title. According to the playbill for the match, Meyers had been in "over 400 matches and stands alone in his class according to his followers." The bout was to be held before a standing-room-only crowd at the Grand Opera House in Spencer, Iowa, and for weeks leading up to the match, the event was front page news.

paragraph: Parcaut - Meyers Match Aug 25th -

paragraph: Royal Man To Meet Middleweight Champion at Spencer -

paragraph: "Parcaut, by his brilliant past performances has earned this attempt at the world title, and hopes are high in and around Spencer that he may bring the Championship to Clay County. . . From the Meyers camp in Chicago comes the following remark as to how the match is viewed there: "Speculation is rife here among wrestling fans over the outcome of the contest between Johnny Meyers, local star and Champion Middleweight of the World, and Ralph Parcaut, the latest Iowa sensation. Parcaut is an unknown so far as local followers are concerned, he having never appeared in a test before them, but news of his ability, strength, and endurance have been seeping into sport circles for quite some little time now that he is to have this fling at the title on Aug. 25th in a Spencer Ring, the event is awaited with much interest."

paragraph: Parcaut soundly defeated Johnny Meyers that night to claim victory and the title of "Middleweight Champion of the World," which he would hold until at least 1923. 12 Days later, on September 8, 1920, Royal, Iowa, celebrated "Parcaut Day" in honor of Parcaut's achievement. The festivities involved a full day of entertainment, sports, speeches, and ended with a free dance. From that point on, Parcaut's career was literally on fire and on Tuesday, July 6, 1920, he set a record for some of the shortest falls in wrestling history. Parcaut beat Young Dane (3/5), with Parcaut winning the first fall in 8 seconds, the second in 12 seconds, and the 3rd in 15 seconds. The entire match lasted only 35 seconds. He continued to wrestle around Iowa and the Midwest and grappled with such competitors as Johnny Meyers, Pinkie Gardner, Joe Turner, Lou Talaber, Chris Jordan, Paul Prehn, and Billy Schober. The rivalry of Parcaut with Schober and Prehn, also from Iowa, was so keen they drew large crowds wherever they met. Parcaut, unlike some of the other "matmen" of his era, gloried in stiff competition. He would not "work" with an opponent. Rather, he preferred to "shoot," the term used for trying to win, than give an exhibition. He was so confident in his abilities that he would wrestle anyone, most anywhere, for fun if necessary. Consequently, he never made as much money as his contemporaries." From 1924–25, Parcaut (misspelled Paracut on school records) served as head wrestling coach at Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa, for one season. During this season his team competed in three matches, losing two against Iowa State and Northern Iowa, and winning one against Des Moines University 21 to 0.

paragraph: Section::::Barnstorming.

paragraph: Aside from wrestling, in the early 1920s Parcaut began performing daring "barnstorming" aerialist exhibitions where he would fearlessly walk on the wings of a biplane and execute handstands and other feats while in flight. He even executed a skillful transition from a moving airplane, via a long rope that dangled below, to the ground, and was purportedly the first to ever attempt the stunt. According to the recollections of an area local, Parcaut once jumped out of a plane wearing a "batman" costume as a stunt over Spencer, Iowa, in the early 1930s. Sometime around 1932, while performing a barnstorming exhibition at Boone, Iowa, the biplane from which he was performing suddenly lost engine power and plummeted over 1,000 feet to the ground, crashing in a farmer's field. Parcaut survived the crash, likely due to his extremely good physical condition, but was severely injured. The aircraft itself was utterly destroyed in the wreck and was a complete loss. Due to the nature of his injuries, "he lost much of his speed and was never prominent as a wrestler again."

paragraph: Section::::Post 1932 - physical culture.

paragraph: After recovering, Parcaut traveled about the country, giving demonstrations of strength and lessons in "physical culture," what we would today call bodybuilding, and clean living, much as his mentor, Farmer Burns, had done. He also served as a physical trainer for people looking to get in shape, or gain or lose weight. Parcaut would often perform demonstrations of his strength and physique for amazed onlookers at fairs:

paragraph: "He'd loop a rope around his throat, put two or three strong men at each end and let them pull. He was able to distend his throat muscles so that the pressure on them had no effect. It was impossible to choke him in that manner."

paragraph: "From a wrestler's bridge, he'll let three 200 pound men stand on his body and will support them; from the same bridge he'll lift 150 pounds on his two hands; he'll show that he has a neck expansion of four and one-half inches; instead of using a derby hat on his chest, as Burns did, he'll hold a small boy, place a tape around the lad and himself and after the youngster has been extricated will fill the tape with muscle, bone, and of course air from his lungs. These are only a few of his stunts."

paragraph: Around 1938, Parcaut also authored a book on "physical culture" to pass on his skills and tips to a new generation of enthusiasts, much as Farmer Burns had in 1914. It entailed how to use muscle tension exercises for gaining strength and definition and contained many tips as well as training regimen advise.

paragraph: Parcaut died in Des Moines at the age of 61 on Tuesday June 25, 1957. He was buried on Friday, June 28, in Glendale Cemetery, Des Moines Township, Iowa, where he lies today with his wife Ruth, who died in 1969. To this day, he is remembered as one of the greatest Middleweight "matmen" of his era.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AEF Divisional Games, Middleweight Champion

paragraph: BULLET::::- AEF Championship Games, Light Heavyweight Champion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inter-Allied Games, Light Heavyweight Champion (Gold Medalist)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heavyweight Champion of the Navy (Boxing)

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Set a record for shortest falls in wrestling history; 8, 12, and 15 seconds in a three-round match

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrestling Coach/Instructor, University of Iowa, 1920–21

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrestling Coach/Instructor, Des Moines University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Head Wrestling Coach, Simpson College, 1924–25

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barnstorming - Purportedly the first to ever successfully transition from a moving airplane to the ground

paragraph: BULLET::::- Authored an early book on "physical culture," c.1938

description: American wrestler

wikidata_label: Ralph Parcaut

wikipedia_title: Ralph Parcaut


text: Liverpool

text: Stephen Adams

text: Charles Santley

text: Woolton

text: Childwall

text: Macready

text: Drury Lane

text: Paul Bedford

text: Thomas Attwood

text: Mendelssohn

text: operetta

text: Edward Fitzball

text: Josef Staudigl

text: Vienna

text: J.S. Bach

text: counterpoint

text: Sechter

text: Thomas Oliphant

text: British Museum

text: Hereford

text: Mozart

text: Sivori

text: Vieuxtemps

text: Peckham

text: Charles Dibdin

text: Handel

text: Field

text: Scarlatti

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

text: Stephen C. Foster

text: Bach

text: Mendelssohn

text: Elijah

text: Robert Herrick

text: Ben Jonson

text: Charles Sedley

text: Mario

text: Grisi

text: Sims Reeves

text: Don Pasquale

text: Acis and Galatea

text: Bradford

text: glees

text: part song

text: Henry Smart

text: George Alexander Macfarren

text: Walter Macfarren

text: Princess's Theatre, London

text: Charles Kean

text: Sardanapalus

text: Macbeth

text: Henry VIII

text: Sheridan

text: Michael Kelly

text: Richard II

text: King Lear

text: The Merchant of Venice

text: Much Ado About Nothing

text: Henry V

text: Covent Garden

text: Helen Lemmens-Sherrington

text: Willoughby Weiss

text: St James's Hall

text: Aldeburgh

text: Steinway Hall

text: Hellmuth Ladies' College

text: London, Ontario

text: Eaton Faning

text: Purcell

text: Arne

text: Shield

text: Dibdin

text: Horn

text: Bishop

text: Hullah

text: Robert Schumann

text: The Beggar's Opera

text: John Gay

text: Dr Pepusch

text: John Oxenford

text: Stephen Storace

text: Frederic Austin

text: Nigel Playfair

text: Shield

text: Arne

text: Bickerstaffe

text: Storace

text: Hoare

text: Stuttgart

text: The Crystal Palace

text: Hatton's portrait

categories: 1809 births,1886 deaths,English singers,Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery,English composers,Musicians from Liverpool,19th-century British composers,19th-century pianists,English pianists

paragraph: John Liptrot Hatton

paragraph: John Liptrot Hatton (12 October 1809 – 10 September 1886) was an English musical composer, conductor, pianist, accompanist and singer.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Hatton was born in Liverpool to a musical family, for both his father John and grandfather were violinists. Although largely self-taught as a musician, he became a pupil of Michael Maybrick (uncle of the singer and composer Stephen Adams), who was also the teacher of Charles Santley's father, and also studied in the academy of a Mr. Molyneux. By the age of 16 he had become organist in the churches of Woolton and Childwall and at the Roman Catholic church in Liverpool. (Auditioning for Woolton, he played a voluntary upon the street-song "All round my Hat", hinting at his own name.) A man of many-sided talents and a broad humour attending them, he appeared as an actor on the Liverpool stage. Subsequently he found his way to London as a member of Macready's company at Drury Lane, appearing in a cast led by Macready and Kean in Shakespeare's "Othello" in December 1832. Santley tells that Hatton took the part of Joe Blueskin (who has the song "Jolly Nose") in the play of "Jack Sheppard" when it was mounted independently at the Liver Theatre (the 'Little Liver') in Liverpool, simultaneously with the London production (of 1839) in which Paul Bedford took the same role: Hatton scored so great a success that the London production fell flat when it came to Liverpool. Meanwhile he was making his mark as a musician: in 1835 Thomas Attwood wrote to Mendelssohn, "We have recently had a new establishment here which is called 'The Society of British Musicians', in the hope of bringing forward native talent... I, however, wish you would look at your cloak, or great-coat, lest you should have had a bit cut out of it: for there is a young man of the name of Hatton, who seems to have got a little bit of it, indeed he seems to assimilate to your style without plagiary more than anyone I have met with."

paragraph: Section::::The composer in London and Vienna.

paragraph: In the winter season of 1842–43 he obtained an appointment directing the choruses in the English opera series at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and in February 1843 his own first operetta, "Queen of the Thames, or, The Anglers" (libretto by Edward Fitzball), obtained a successful run of six performances. This included the madrigal "The merry bridal bells", sung by Miss Romer, Mr H Phillips and Mr Allen. Josef Staudigl, the eminent German bass, was a member of the company: at his suggestion Hatton wrote a more ambitious work, "Pascal Bruno", again to a text by Fitzball. Hatton and Staudigl presented this in Vienna in October 1844, as a benefit for Staudigl in the principal part. It had a mixed reception, and was not presented in London, but the 'Revenge' song – the only part to be published – was made very popular in England by Staudigl. Fitzball, finding that his text had been presented, in German, without his consent, the playbill naming 'Herr Fixball' as the English author, was obliged to accept the situation, but it seems to have ended his association with Hatton. But Vienna greatly admired Hatton's piano playing, especially the fugues of J.S. Bach which he played from memory. While in Vienna he took the opportunity to study counterpoint under Sechter.

paragraph: Soon after this he composed a number of songs modelled on the style of German classics, including some eighteen songs to words by Thomas Oliphant, who commissioned the songs, with German translations. Oliphant was a collector of music, and between 1840 and 1849 he catalogued the manuscript and printed music collections of the British Museum. He was 'unsurpassed as a snapper-up of unconsidered madrigalian trifles', and his personal collections were made up, after his death in 1873, into nearly 600 lots for sale. Hatton's Oliphant songs were published in England under the pseudonym 'P.B. Czapek' (alluding to the Hungarian word for a Hat, for 'Hatton'), and became Oliphant's property, as did other of Hatton's copyrights. Among Hatton's settings for him were "Streamlet gently flowing", "Autumn reflections", "The goldsmith's daughter", and 'My days have been so wondrous free".

paragraph: In 1846 he appeared at the Hereford Festival as a singer, and also played a piano concerto of Mozart. He undertook concert tours at about this time with Sivori, Vieuxtemps and others, serving both as accompanist and solo pianist. He also gave monodramatic entertainments, as for example in this description of a concert in the Assembly Rooms at Peckham in December 1846: "Mr J.L. Hatton was the Atlas of the entertainment, and bore the weight of the concert on his own shoulders. He lectured, sang, and performed on the pianoforte. Like Malaprop's Cerberus, he was three gentlemen at once. The entertainment was novel and interesting. Mr. Hatton gave some capital specimens of pianoforte music by various masters including Corelli, Bach, Handel, Mozart, Beethoven, etc. He sang songs comic, sentimental, and serious. He levied contributions upon many nations for their compositions, and kept his audience alternately moved with delight and excited with laughter. Mr Hatton was modest enough not to obtrude too many of his own works upon his visitors. 'The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe', a song intended, no doubt, to be very comic, was the only composition of Mr Hatton's performed during the evening." Although differing in that – on that occasion – Hatton did not perform many of his own compositions, this style of one-man entertainment with speech, songs and a keyboard with accessories had been pioneered by Charles Dibdin more than fifty years previously, in his "Entertainments Sans Souci": Hatton was certainly well aware of the example of Dibdin.

paragraph: Section::::First American tour.

paragraph: From 1848 to 1850 Hatton was in America, and in 1848 gave several public and private concerts in New York City. For example on 12 September, at the Apollo Theatre, he performed his own comic songs as well as works by Handel, Field and Scarlatti. In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in that year, he shared the stage with Stephen C. Foster. "Contemporary [American] critics deplored the failure of the public to appreciate his great art." He did pander to the public on occasion: in Boston, where he obtained a position in the Handel and Haydn Society, he performed Bach Fugues and a Mendelssohn piano concerto, but also sang "Christmas Sleigh Ride" while he played the piano and jangled sleigh bells, all to the great amusement of the crowd. It is said that on the next day he was due to conduct a performance of Mendelssohn's "Elijah" (first performed 1846) at which, the baritone being indisposed, Hatton in the relevant numbers turned to face the audience from the conductor's podium and sang the title role himself.

paragraph: Section::::Song-writer and accompanist.

paragraph: Hatton composed various songs to poems by Robert Herrick (including his famous "To Anthea"), Ben Jonson and Charles Sedley at this time which were published in and before 1850. Others became the property of Thomas Oliphant. In his August 1850 Preface, Hatton says that they were written 'at different times under various circumstances. Some few of them were composed previous to my departure to America in the autumn of the year 1848, and presented as little souvenirs to several of my friends on my leaving England. The rest with one exception were written entirely for my own amusement during the time I was away, and all of them were composed without any view to their publication... On my return to England I was urged by one of my friends... to make a complete collection of these little compositions and publish them in a consolidated form. The kindness of my friends in restoring me some of my MSS. has enabled me to do this, and I now send these songs forth into the world, satisfied if they should be the means, in however humble a degree, of adding to the material of musical enjoyment, or of contributing anything to the regeneration of the popular taste in an important department of chamber music.' It was also during the 1840s that he wrote "Simon the Cellarer", another abiding favourite (which he sold to Oliphant for 'a £10 note'). This was incorporated into the ballad opera "Diamond cut diamond" by Henri Drayton in 1859. Charles Santley, who championed "To Anthea" and "Simon the Cellarer" and sang them with Hatton accompanying, lived long enough to record them both, twice, in the early 20th century, preserving his association with the composer.

paragraph: Hatton was one of the great accompanists of his time, and during the 1850s he toured with Mario and Grisi, and with Sims Reeves. For Mario he composed his famous song "Good-night, sweetheart, good-night", instructing him in the pronunciation of the words and coaching him in the music before it had been committed to manuscript. It was this, and 'Com'è gentil" from "Don Pasquale", that became the two favourite songs most associated with Mario. Hatton toured with Reeves in 1850 before returning briefly to America, and made a tour to Dublin, Belfast and Manchester with him in 1853, on which occasion, in Dublin, Reeves first sang "Good-night, sweetheart". Mario sang it suavely, and with an Italian accent, so as to break one's heart; Reeves made it vigorous and soul-stirring.

paragraph: Reeves, on account of Hatton's appearance with a bald dome and surrounding fringe, used to call him 'The Sultan'. Hatton used to perform a comic song "The little fat man" which was supposed to be a skit on himself. When, for instance, he sang it before the Leeds Rational Recreation Society in April 1853, he also performed 'La ci darem la mano' with Mme D'Anteny, gave his own song 'Day and Night', and finished off with Handel's 'O ruddier than the cherry' (from "Acis and Galatea"). Then the Leeds Madrigal and Motet Society performed his work "Sailors Beware!" Hatton was always very diverse. In 1856 his secular cantata of "Robin Hood", to a text by George Linley, was given at the Bradford Festival.

paragraph: Hatton became a foremost exponent of the writing of glees and part songs, both through his love of English madrigals, and through the influences he derived from German music. His connection with Oliphant had given him an immediate path of information and study. A visit to England of the Cologne Choir is thought to have given new impetus to the glee movement in England, and Hatton was in the vanguard. Their harmonised melodies, German part-songs by Mendelssohn and others, were called glees in imitation of the English glees, and attracted a great deal of interest. Among all English composers, Hatton with his new understanding of the German music and his sure foundation in the English melodious idiom, responded by producing a series of part-songs of which it has been said 'they were imitated by many but surpassed by none.' On his return from America Hatton became conductor of the Glee and Madrigal Union, and it was during the 1850s, while working with Charles Kean, that he published the first of his several collections of part songs, including "Absence", "When evening's twilight", "The happiest land", etc. They were performed by the 'Orpheus Vocal Union', a group of professional singers led by William Fielding. Hatton thus set the example for others like Henry Smart, George Alexander Macfarren and Walter Macfarren and very many more who followed where he led.

paragraph: Section::::Shakespeare music for Charles Kean.

paragraph: From about 1853 Hatton was engaged as Director of Music at the Princess's Theatre, London to provide and conduct the music for Charles Kean's Shakespearean revivals. In this capacity he composed music for "Sardanapalus King of Assyria" (the orchestra including six harps) and for "Macbeth", both in 1853. He wrote an overture, and entr'actes, for "Faust and Marguerite" in 1854; his music for Shakespeare's "Henry VIII" (1855) was dedicated to Mrs Charles Kean; in 1856 his music for Kean's revival of Sheridan's "Pizarro" replaced the old score by Michael Kelly. Only the glee by Kelly was kept. Kean sought authenticity: Hatton rewrote it completely, 'based on Indian airs... founded on melodies published in Rivero and Tschudi's work on "Peruvian Antiquities" as handed down to us by Spaniards after the conquest.' He wrote music for "Richard II" in 1857, and for "King Lear", "The Merchant of Venice", and "Much Ado About Nothing" in 1858. Reference is also found for music to "Henry V", for which several mediaeval instruments were required. The arrangement with Kean seems to have collapsed in a legal dispute of 1859. As the music for "Much Ado About Nothing" had not been published, Hatton sought to show that it remained his own property and could be adapted or performed at his discretion. The court, however, found that it was an inseparable part of Kean's design, and ruled against him.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Hatton's third opera, "Rose, or Love's Ransom" (text by Henry Sutherland Edwards), was presented at the Royal English Opera, Covent Garden in 1864. It had the advantage of Helen Lemmens-Sherrington and Mr and Mrs Willoughby Weiss, George Perren, Henry Corri, and Aynsley Cook, but it met with little success. It was in that year that the Ballad Concerts at St James's Hall, London, commenced, for which Hatton held the post of accompanist for the first nine seasons. Hatton developed a fondness for the seaside town of Aldeburgh, in Suffolk, where he lived for some time, and was certainly staying there in October 1865. In this connection he wrote a four-part "Aldeburgh Te Deum" in commemoration of the place he loved.

paragraph: In 1866 he went again to America, where as a member of H.L. Bateman's Concert Troupe he took part in the inaugural concert of the Steinway Hall in New York on 31 October. His daughter, Frances J. Hatton, emigrated to Canada in 1869, where she became a respected composer and the singing instructor at the Hellmuth Ladies' College in London, Ontario.

paragraph: Hatton was responsible for re-editing the first two volumes of "Songs of England", an influential published collection which helped to establish a canon of English song with accompaniments, and cumulatively ran to three volumes under the later editorship of Eaton Faning. Hatton remarked, 'I have culled the choicest of the old ditties... The names of Purcell, Arne, Shield, Dibdin, Horn and Bishop are household words, and no English collection would be complete which did not contain the best songs of these composers... New symphonies and accompaniments have been written to more than fifty of the old songs.' His selection also drew substantially on Chappell's "Popular Music of Olden Time", in which many of the accompaniments were rewritten by George Alexander Macfarren, and contrasted with Hullah's "Song Book" of 1866, in which only the unaccompanied melodies were given. He also edited the companion volume of "Songs of Ireland", with J.L. Molloy, a volume of Comic songs, and a volume of the songs of Robert Schumann, for Boosey & Co.

paragraph: Among the sources for "Songs of England" was "The Beggar's Opera" of John Gay and Dr Pepusch. Hatton collaborated with John Oxenford (who died in 1877) on a performing edition, providing it with new symphonies and accompaniments, which replaced the old one by Stephen Storace, and was itself replaced in 1920 by Frederic Austin's version for Nigel Playfair. Hatton and Oxenford also produced editions of Shield and Mrs. Brooke's "Rosina", Arne and Bickerstaffe's "Love in a Village" and Storace and Hoare's "No song, no supper".

paragraph: In 1875 Hatton went to Stuttgart, and also wrote a sacred musical drama, "Hezekiah", given at The Crystal Palace in 1877; like all his larger works it met with moderate success. In his last years he lived at Margate in Kent, and died there on 20 September 1886.

paragraph: Hatton's sheer versatility, his multifarious skills and interests, his energy and the exuberance of his good nature, characterised one of the extraordinary musicians of his age: and yet these same qualities led some to disparage his brilliance. His biographer for the "Encyclopædia Britannica" of 1911 wrote: 'Hatton excelled in the lyrical forms of music, and, in spite of his distinct skill in the severer styles of the madrigal, etc., he won popularity by such songs as "To Anthea", "Good-bye, Sweetheart", and "Simon the Cellarer", the first of which may be called a classic in its own way. His glees and part-songs, such as "When Evening's Twilight", were reckoned among the best of their class; and he might have gained a place of higher distinction among English composers had it not been for his irresistible animal spirits and a want of artistic reverence, which made it uncertain in his younger days whether, when he appeared at a concert, he would play a fugue of Bach or sing a comic song.' Yet he was not irreverent: the lasting value of his own ballads and songs, of which he composed more than 150, the merits of his arrangements of the English songs, his role as composer to Kean and accompanist to Mario, Reeves and Santley, and his service over a long period to Boosey both as publishers and as promoters of the Ballad Concerts, tell their own story of his unique place in English music.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hatton's work at the Princess's Theatre in London is well documented by the playbill collection of the University of Kent at Canterbury

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vera Brodsky Lawrence, "Strong on Music: The New York Music Scene in the Days of George Templeton Strong", pp. 538–89 (1995)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foster Hall Collection at the University of Pittsburgh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carleton College Music Department website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hatton's portrait

description: English musical composer, conductor, pianist and singer

wikidata_label: John Liptrot Hatton

wikipedia_title: John Liptrot Hatton


text: Tang Dynasty

text: Taoist

text: Chan

text: Chinese

text: Buddhist

text: sidekick

text: Shide

text: bodhisattva

text: Mañjuśrī

text: Samantabhadra

text: Fenggan

text: Guoqing Temple

text: Edwin G. Pulleyblank

text: Zhiyan

text: Paul Demiéville

text: Encyclopedia of China

text: Jia Jinhua

text: Chan

text: Caoshan Benji

text: Arthur Waley

text: Gary Snyder

text: Burton Watson

text: Stephan Schumacher

text: Robert G. Henricks

text: Red Pine

text: Paul Rouzer

text: Peter Levitt

text: Peter Stambler

text: Tiantai Mountain

text: Manjushri

text: Samantabhadra

text: li

text: Guoqing Temple

text: Buddhist

text: Mahayana Buddhism's

text: The Lotus Sutra

text: Ge Hong

text: Mount Sumeru'

text: Bodhisattva

text: Chan

text: Beat Generation

text: Gary Snyder

text: Jack Kerouac

text: Evergreen Review

text: The Dharma Bums

text: Hakuin Ekaku

text: Red Pine

text: Brice Marden

text: Chinese poetry

text: Classical Chinese poetry

text: Fenggan

text: Shide (monk)

text: Shiwu

text: Copper Canyon Press

text: A film portrait of the poet

categories: Chinese Zen Buddhists,Tang dynasty poets,Zen Buddhist monks and priests,Chan Buddhists,Zen Buddhism writers,Chinese spiritual writers,9th-century Chinese poets,Tang dynasty Buddhist monks,Writers from Xi'an

paragraph: Hanshan (poet)

paragraph: Hanshan (, "fl." 9th century) is a figure associated with a collection of poems from the Chinese Tang Dynasty in the Taoist and Chan tradition. No one knows who he was, when he lived and died, or whether he actually existed. In the Chinese Buddhist tradition, Hanshan and his sidekick Shide are honored as emanations of the bodhisattvas Mañjuśrī and Samantabhadra, respectively. In Japanese and Chinese paintings, Hanshan is often depicted together with Shide or with Fenggan, another monk with legendary attributes.

paragraph: Little is known of his work, since he was a recluse living in a remote region and his poems were written on rocks in the mountains he called home. Of the 600 poems he is thought to have written at some point before his death, 313 were collected and have survived. Among the 57 poems attributed to Hanshan's friend, Shide, seven appear to be authored by Hanshan, for a total of 320.

paragraph: Section::::Date.

paragraph: In Lu Jiuyin's () preface to Hanshan's poems, he claims to have personally met both Hanshan and Shide at the kitchen of Guoqing Temple, but they responded to his salutations with laughter then fled. Afterwards, he attempted to give them clothing and provide them housing, but Lu Jiuyin writes that the pair fled into a cave which closed itself and Shide's tracks disappeared. This led Lu Jiuyin, governor of Tai Prefecture, to collect Hanshan's writings, "the poems written on bamboo, wood, stones, and cliffs and also to collect those written on the walls of peoples' houses." However, Burton Watson is of the opinion that Lu Jiuyin did not exist in reality and that his preface to Hanshan's poems is nothing more than myth. In the introduction to his book, he says of Lu Jiuyin's preface to the poems:

paragraph: If we follow Watson and discount the preface of Lu Jiuyin, accepting only the words of the poet himself, we see that Hanshan says only that he wrote his poems on the rocks. Nowhere in the poetry does he say that he wrote them on trees or bamboo or wood or the walls of people’s houses.

paragraph: The collection of poems attributed to Hanshan may span the entire Tang Dynasty as Edwin G. Pulleyblank asserts in his study "Linguistic Evidence for the Date of Hanshan". Wu Chi-yu in "A study of Han-shan" identifies him as the monk Zhiyan (智岩, 577–654), but that has been disputed by Paul Demiéville among others. The "Encyclopedia of China" gives his date as around 712 and after 793. Jia Jinhua came to the conclusion, after a study of Chan phrases in some 50 of the poems, that this particular group of poems may be attributable to the Chan monk Caoshan Benji (840–901). However, the dates for both Zhiyan and Caoshan Benji contradict Hanshan, who says that he was much older than either.

paragraph: Section::::Translations.

paragraph: Early translations by Arthur Waley "27 poems by Han-shan", Gary Snyder "Cold Mountain Poems", and Burton Watson "Cold Mountain: 100 Poems".

paragraph: The first complete translation to a western language was into French by ("Le Mangeur de brumes : l'œuvre de Han-shan poète et vagabond"). Stephan Schumacher translated 150 poems into German in 1980.

paragraph: There are four full English translations, by Robert G. Henricks, Red Pine, Paul Rouzer and Peter Levitt

paragraph: Other translations: "Encounters With Cold Mountain", by Peter Stambler (130 poems). "Cold Mountain Transcendental Poetry" (96 poems) by Wandering Poet (2005, 2012).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In the introduction to his translation of Han-shan's poems, Burton Watson writes, “If the reader wishes to know the biography of Han-shan, he must deduce it from the poems themselves.” Watson goes further to describe Han-shan as "a gentleman farmer, troubled by poverty and family discord, who after extensive wandering and perhaps a career as a minor official" became a hermit. In Paul Rozer's translation of poem 302, Han-shan appears to say that after leaving home and traveling he arrived at Tiantai Mountain at age 30, and that he was trained in the Confucian classics:

paragraph: A fanciful description of Han-shan is given by Lüqiu Yin in the introduction that is included in most editions of Han-shan's poems.

paragraph: During his journey to his prefect appointment, Lüqiu Yin writes, he was visited by Fenggan, who said that he came from the Guoqing monastery. When Lüqiu Yin, who suffered from a headache, asked Fenggan to cure him, Fenggen laughed and said, "The human body consists of but four great elements, and illness is only illusion," then sprinkled water onto Lüqiu Yin, curing him instantly.

paragraph: Lüqiu Yin then asked if there were any sages worthy of becoming of his tutor and Fenggan revealed that at Guoqing monastery were two Bodhisattva incarnations. The first, Han-shan, a man retired to the monastery, was, Fenggan said, an incarnation of Manjushri; the second, Shide, a man who "looked like a demented beggar coming and going, worked as an errand-boy at the stoves in the kitchen", was an incarnation of Samantabhadra.

paragraph: Three days after arriving at his government appointment, Lüqiu Yin asked his chief administrator if there were any information about Han-shan and Shide. The administrator reported that "seventy li (approximately 35 km) to the west of the town of T'ang-hsing, there was a cliff where a poor scholar lived. This scholar was said to be seen going to the Kuo-ch'ing Monastery." Lüqiu Yin went to the monastery and asked where Fenggan, Han-shan, and Shide were living. The monks there told him that Fenggan lived behind the library, but now it was haunted by a tiger who often accompanied him. Lüqiu Yin visited Fenggan's room but all he found was a "house full of the tiger's footprints." When he asked what Fenggan was hired to do, the monks said that Fenggan was assigned to hull rice for the monks and would spend his nights singing to amuse himself.

paragraph: Lüqiu Yin writes that no one knows where Han-shan came from. He relays descriptions of the poet given by elders from Guoqing Temple who said that Hanshan was "a poor and eccentric hermit" who "often went to the Kuo-ch'ing Monastery in order to take home the left-overs of the meal, which he carried in a bamboo tube given to him by Shih-te, a monk working in the dining-hall."

paragraph: "Sometimes Han-shan would stroll for hours in a long corridor of the monastery, cry cheerfully, laugh or speak to himself. When he was taken to task or driven away by some of the monks armed with sticks, he would afterwards stand still and laugh, clapping his hands, and then disappear." Lüqiu Yin says that his appearance was that of "an emaciated beggar, but every word he uttered was pithy, meaningful and inspiring. He wore a cap make of birch bark, a simple fur garment, torn and threadbare, and wooden sandals for shoes."

paragraph: Lüqiu Yin found Han-shan and Shide in the monastery kitchen, where he respectfully made obeisance to them. At sight of this, the two laughed and said, "Feng-kan has a long tongue. You did not recognize Maitreya at sight, why are you making obeisance to us now?" As Han-shan and Shide left hand in hand, the monks were stunned to see such a high official make obeisance to two poor scholars. Lüqiu Yin had two sets of clean clothing prepared and asked the monks to give them to Han-shan and Shide should they ever return. Lüqiu Yin later learned that the two hadn't reappeared at the monastery and had the presents delivered to their dwellings on Tiantai Mountain. When Hanshan saw these delivery men, it is said, he cried "Thieves! Thieves!" and retreated to a cave entrance, exclaiming, "Each of you should exert himself to the utmost," and withdrew into the cave, which closed itself behind him. Han-shan and Shide were never seen again at Guoqing temple.

paragraph: Lüqiu Yin had all the writings left behind by Han-shan and Shide collected. Han-shan had written on rocks, bamboo bark, trees, and the walls of houses in neighboring villages, and Shide had written a 49-line poem on the wall of an Earth God temple.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Hanshan's poetry consists of Chinese verse, in 3, 5, or 7 character lines; never shorter than 4 lines, and never longer than 34 lines. The language is marked by the use of more colloquial Medieval Vernacular Sinitic than almost any other Tang poet. The poems can be seen to fall into three categories: the biographical poems about his life before he arrived at Cold Mountain; the religious and political poems, generally critical of conventional wisdom and those who embrace it; and the transcendental poems, about his sojourn at Cold Mountain. They are notable for their straightforwardness, which contrasts sharply with the cleverness and intricateness that marked typical Tang Dynasty poetry.

paragraph: Red Pine poem 283:

paragraph: Thematically, Hanshan draws heavily on Buddhist and Taoist themes, often remarking on life's short and transient nature, and the necessity of escape through some sort of transcendence. He varies and expands on this theme, sometimes speaking of Mahayana Buddhism's 'Great Vehicle', and other times of Taoist ways and symbols like cranes.

paragraph: The following poem begins with the imagery of the burning house and the three carts from the Parable of the Burning House found in The Lotus Sutra, then ends with typical Zen and Taoist imagery of freedom from conceptualizations.

paragraph: Red Pine poem 253:

paragraph: This mixed influence is probably due to the high preponderance of Taoists and Buddhists in the same area. The eminent Taoist Ge Hong acclaimed Mount Tiantai as 'the perfect place for practicing the arts of immortality,' which is probably also why so many Buddhist temples were established in the vicinity as well.

paragraph: Red Pine poem 13:

paragraph: Many poems display a deep concern for humanity, which in his view stubbornly refuses to look ahead, and short-sightedly indulges in all manner of vice, like eating animal flesh, piling up sins 'high as Mount Sumeru'. But he holds out hope that people may yet be saved; 'Just the other day/ a demon became a Bodhisattva.'

paragraph: Red Pine poem 18:

paragraph: While Hanshan eschewed fancy techniques and obscure erudition, his poems are still highly evocative at times:

paragraph: Red Pine poem 106:

paragraph: He is hard to pin down religiously. Chan concepts and terminology sometimes appear in his work. But he criticized the Buddhists at Tiantai, and he directed criticism at Taoists as well, having had no problem bringing Taoist scriptural quotations, and Taoist language when describing his mountains, into his poems. Yet, he does not mince words, but tells us precisely where to find the path to Heaven.

paragraph: Red Pine poem 117:

paragraph: Red Pine poem 246:

paragraph: The following poem is attributed to Hanshan's friend, Shide.

paragraph: Red Pine's poem 307:

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The poetry from Cold Mountain has influenced the poets of many generations and cultures. He is especially loved by the Japanese, who know him as Kanzan. Hanshan was a sympathetic and important figure for Beat Generation writers Gary Snyder and Jack Kerouac. In the introduction to his translation which appeared in the "Evergreen Review", Snyder wrote of Hanshan, "He and his sidekick Shih-te (Jittoku in Japanese) became great favorites with Zen painters of later days — the scroll, the broom, the wild hair and laughter. They became Immortals and you sometimes run into them today in the skidrows, orchards, hobo jungles, and logging camps of America." Kerouac's The Dharma Bums closes with a vision of Hanshan, and at Snyder's suggestion, Kerouac dedicated the book to the fabled poet.

paragraph: Paul Rouzer reads the poems as Buddhist teaching poems, referring to Hakuin Ekaku Kanzan shi sendai kimon 寒山詩闡提記聞 (1746) ("Notes on the Lectures on Cold Mountain's Poems at Icchantika Cave") that largely ignores the biographical reading most commonly found in other sources.

paragraph: Translations by Snyder and by Red Pine were influential in the work of the artist Brice Marden, who executed a large series of paintings, drawings, and prints themed around the poems.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classical Chinese poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fenggan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shide (monk)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shiwu

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Collected Songs of Cold Mountain", Red Pine, Copper Canyon Press 2000, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mair, Victor H. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 112, No. 2 (Apr., 1992). "Script and Word in Medieval Vernacular Sinitic."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pulleyblank, Edwin G., "Linguistic Evidence for the Date of Hanshan". In Mioa, Ronald C., ed. "Studies in Chinese poetry and poetics", Vol I. (1978) San San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suiter, John. Poets on the Peaks (2002) Counterpoint. ; (pbk)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kagel, Martin and Wallis, Glenn, "Wer war Han Shan? Buddhistische Denkfiguren bei Rolf Dieter Brinkmann." In: Karl-Eckhard Carius (ed.), "Rolf Dieter Brinkmann Schnitte im Atemschutz" (Rowohlt: München: text + kritik, 2008): 132-141.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "寒山诗注 ("Cold Mountain Poems & Notes (With Lost Poetry Notes)")" by Xiang Chu (1997, 2000, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rouzer, Paul. "On Cold Mountain : A Buddhist Reading of the Hanshan Poems" (2015),

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rouzer, Paul [translator], Nugent, Christopher M. B. [editor] (2017). The Poetry of Hanshan (Cold Mountain), Shide, and Fenggan . "De Gruyter Mouton".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Twenty-seven poems in English translation

paragraph: BULLET::::- A film portrait of the poet

alias:
Han Shan
Kanzan

description: Chinese monk and poet

enwikiquote_title: Hanshan

wikidata_label: Hanshan

wikipedia_title: Hanshan (poet)


text:
American
Claremont, California
Formula Ford
Formula Atlantic
Macau Grand Prix
modified Hayashi 320
Pontiac Fiero
Huffaker Racing
IMSA GTU series
Spice Engineering
24 Hours of Daytona
Roush Racing
Nissan
12 Hours of Sebring
Acura
Derek Daly
Las Vegas Motor Speedway
Infineon Raceway
Official website
Official website

categories: Racing drivers from California,1950 births,12 Hours of Sebring drivers,20th-century American racing drivers,People from Claremont, California,Atlantic Championship drivers,Living people,SCCA National Championship Runoffs winners

paragraph: Bob Earl

paragraph: Bob Earl (born January 13, 1950) is an American former racing driver from Claremont, California. He began racing in Formula Ford in 1972 and was the 1973 national champion. In 1979 he made his professional debut in Formula Atlantic. In 1981 he became the only American to win the Macau Grand Prix, driving a modified Hayashi 320. At the time, the race was contested with Formula Atlantic cars.

paragraph: He moved to sports cars in 1985 and drove a Pontiac Fiero for Huffaker Racing in the IMSA GTU series for two years. He moved up to the GTP cars in 1986 driving for a prototype for Spice Engineering. Earl and the Spice team earned a class victory at the 24 Hours of Daytona in 1987. He continued with Spice in GTP class in 1988, but in 1989 moved to Roush Racing's Lincoln-Mercury effort in the GTO class, capturing class honors at Daytona. He moved to the Nissan GTP factory team in 1990 and captured victories at the 12 Hours of Sebring, Miami and Watkins Glen. He stayed with Nissan until they left the series in 1993. For the 1993 season he competed in the Camel Lights prototype class in an Acura powered Spice with 2 wins.

paragraph: He retired as a competitor after the 1993 season to become a driver coach. In 1996 he was hired to start the Derek Daly Academy at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. In 2000 he returned home to the Marin County to resume freelance driver coaching. From 2002 to 2009 Bob was the Technical Director and overlooked the Mechanics Training Program at the Jim Russell Racing School at Infineon Raceway in Sonoma California.

paragraph: He has also developed and sells the "Virtual Racing Chassis", an advanced racing sim for use with Racing video games.

paragraph: Bob Earl continues as a freelance driver coach, lecturer on racing organization and mental training, and promotes the advantages of Alkaline Water Ionizers for improving your health.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: American racing driver

wikidata_label: Bob Earl

wikipedia_title: Bob Earl


text: canon lawyer

text: Cardinal

text: Milan

text: bishop of Alessandria

text: Pope Sixtus IV

text: Gian Galeazzo Sforza

text: Matthias Corvinus

text: Pope Alexander VI

text: titular church

text: Ss. Nereus and Achilles

text: Parma

text: Pius III

text: Pope Julius II

text: Praeneste (Palestrina)

text: Sancta Sanctorum

categories: 15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Cardinal-bishops of Frascati,Italian jurists,Canon law jurists,Italian cardinals,15th-century Italian people,16th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Year of birth unknown,15th-century jurists,1509 deaths,Cardinal-bishops of Sabina,Cardinal-bishops of Palestrina,Bishops of Parma,16th-century Italian people

paragraph: Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio

paragraph: Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio (died 14 March 1509) was an Italian canon lawyer and Cardinal. Agostino Oldoino calls him the leading jurisconsult of his age. Kenneth Pennington has called him one of the ‘last two great commentators on feudal law’.

paragraph: Sangiorgio was born in Milan. He had taught Canon Law at the University of Pavia. He was Provost of the Collegiate Church of S. Ambrogio in Milan. In Rome he became a Papal Referendary, and an Auditor (judge) of the Sacred Roman Rota (Court of Appeal). He was bishop of Alessandria from 1478 to 1500, having been appointed by Pope Sixtus IV at the special request of the Duke of Milan, Gian Galeazzo Sforza. He then served as Sforza's ambassador to King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary.

paragraph: Section::::Cardinal.

paragraph: In the Consistory of 20 September 1493, Pope Alexander VI created him a cardinal, and assigned him the titular church of Ss. Nereus and Achilles. He was referred to as the Cardinal of Alessandria.

paragraph: He was transferred to the diocese of Parma on 6 September 1499.

paragraph: Cardinal Sangiorgio attended the papal Conclave of September 1503, and was the senior cardinal-priest present. He was already present at the first preliminary Congregation on 19 August 1503. He was not the favored candidate of any secular power or faction of cardinals, though he voted with the cardinals who favored the French. The Conclave opened on 16 September, and on the first ballot on 21 September, Sangiorgio received eight votes of the 105 that were cast. Cardinal Piccolomini of Siena was elected on 22 September, taking the name Pius III. He reigned only twenty-six days, dying on 18 October.

paragraph: The Conclave to elect a successor to Pius III began on 31 October, with virtually the same participants as a month before. On 1 November 1503, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere received all the votes cast, except for nine scattered votes. Sangiorgio received no votes. Cardinal della Rovere became Pope Julius II.

paragraph: On 22 December 1503, Sangiorgio was promoted to the rank ("ordo") of Cardinal Bishop, and assigned the Suburbicarian See of Tusculum (Frascati). On 17 September 1507 he was moved to the Suburbicarian diocese of Praeneste (Palestrina). On 22 September 1508, he was promoted to the Suburbicarian See of Sabina.

paragraph: Section::::Papal legate in Rome.

paragraph: In August 1506, when Pope Julius led the papal army north, to retake the states of Perugia and Bologna from their Borgia tyrants, Giampaolo Baglione and Giovanni Bentivoglio, he left cardinal Sangiorgio behind in Rome as his "Legatus a latere", to govern in his absence. During his absence from Parma, as a Cardinal Bishop in Rome, Sangiorgio administered the church of Parma through Vicars and Procurators (solicitors); in 1505, his Vicar was Msgr. Giambatista Capitani, a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter of Novara, and in 1506 Msgr. Giovanni Luchino, Dean of the Cathedral Chapter of Alessandria, filled the same office.

paragraph: Sangiorgio died in Rome on 14 or 28 March 1509. Umberto Benassi gives the date of 27 March, based on a dispatch of the Venetian ambassador in Rome dated 28 March. In his Last Will and Testament Sangiorgio named the Confraternity of the Saviour at the Sancta Sanctorum ("Societas Salvatoris ad Sancta Sanctorum") as his heir, as his tombstone testifies.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His "De appellationibus", from the time before he became a bishop, was an early printed book (Como: Ambrogio d'Orco e Dionigi Paravicino, V id. aug. [9 VIII] 1474). He also wrote the "Commentaria in Feudorum Libri Tres."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scanned book, "Lectura super usibus feudorum Venecia" (1498)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scanned book, "Super Decretum Gratiani" (1500)

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio


text: Sufi

text: Almoravid dynasty

text: Al-Garb Al-Andalus

text: Silves

text: Almohads

text: Ibn al-Abbār

text: Ibn al-Khaṭīb

text: ʿAbd al-Wāḥid al-Marrakūshī

text: al-Ṣafadī

text: Silves

text: Banu Qasi

text: Emirate of Cordoba

text: murīd

text: Niebla

text: Ibn al-ʿArīf

text: Almería

text: Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity

text: al-Ghazālī

text: Ibn Arabi

text: Afonso Henriques

text: Muridun

categories: Moorish Sufis,Year of birth unknown,Gharb Al-Andalus,12th century in Portugal,12th-century Al-Andalus people,Moorish writers,People from Silves, Portugal,1151 deaths

paragraph: Abu-l-Qasim Ahmad ibn al-Husayn ibn Qasi

paragraph: Abūʾl-Qāsim Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Qasī (died 1151) was a Sufi, a rebel leader against the Almoravid dynasty in Al-Garb Al-Andalus and governor of Silves for the Almohads. The main sources for his life are Ibn al-Abbār, Ibn al-Khaṭīb and ʿAbd al-Wāḥid al-Marrakūshī. The last is the source for his biography in the biographical dictionary of al-Ṣafadī.

paragraph: He was of native Iberian stock, "rūmī al-aṣl" in the words of Ibn al-Abbār. He was born at Silves, but the date of his birth is unknown. His name sustains the possibility that he was a descendant of the Banu Qasi, that had once staged a rebellion against the Emirate of Cordoba. According to Ibn al-Abbār, he was a minor government official at Silves, while Ibn al-Khaṭīb describes him as a spendthrift. He eventually sold all his goods, gave the money to the poor and became a "murīd". He studied under Khalaf Allāh al-Andalusī and Ibn Khalīl in Niebla, although he may also have met Ibn al-ʿArīf in Almería. His main influences were the "Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity" (Ibn al-Abbār) and the works of al-Ghazālī (Ibn al-Khaṭīb).

paragraph: Ibn Qasī wrote a treatise "the Removal of the Sandals", this book revolves around Ibn Qasi's Philosophy, Sufism and History. Ibn Arabi has written a commentary on some parts of this treatise.

paragraph: He was also an ally and friend of Afonso Henriques, first king of Portugal, and this association eventually led to his assassination at Silves in 1151.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muridun

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Viguera, María Jesús; "Los reinos de Taifas". 2007. RBA Coleccionables.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Dreher, ed. and tr., "Ibn Qasi, Abu l-Qasim Ahmad b. al-Husayn: Kitab Khal al-Na'Layn wa-Iqtibas al-Anwar min Mawdi al-Qadamayn" ("Das Imamat des islamischen Mystikers, Abulqasim Ahmad Ibn al-Husain Ibn Qasi: Eine Sudie zum Selbstverständnis des Autors des Buch vom Ausziehen der beiden Sandalen") Bonn, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Dreher, "L'Imamat d'Ibn Qasi à Mertola (Automne 1144-été 1145); Légitimité d'Une Domination Soufie?", MIDEO 18 (1988), pp. 195–210

paragraph: BULLET::::- D. R. Goodrich, dissertation, "A Sufi Revolt in Portugal: Ibn Qasi and his Kitab khal'al-na'layn", Columbia University, PH D. 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nagendra Kr Singh, "International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties, p. 34  (retrieved 1-12-2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Elliot, "The Career of In Qasi as Religious Teacher and Political Revolutionary in 12th Century Islamic Spain", thesis submitted to University of Edinburgh, 1979.

description: Al-Andalus writer


text:
South Tyrol
mountaineer
Dolomites
Alps
Aiguille Dibona
Cortina d'Ampezzo
mountain guide
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Massif des Écrins
Guido Mayer
Aiguille Dibona
Kaiserschütze
Luis Trenker
Lake District
gills
Honister Pass
Appalachian Mountain Club
Stubai Alps
Sexten Dolomites
Tofane

categories: Italian mountain climbers,1956 deaths,Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I,Alpine guides,1879 births

paragraph: Angelo Dibona

paragraph: Angelo Dibona (7 April 1879 – 21 April 1956) was a South Tyrolean mountaineer. He is remembered as one of the great pioneers of climbing in the Dolomites and is responsible for many first ascents throughout the Alps. The Aiguille Dibona in France and the Campanile Dibona in Italy are named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Dibona was born in Cortina d'Ampezzo in 1879. From 1905 he was a mountain guide and a ski instructor in the Cortina area, and he became known for pioneering routes in the Dolomites, making more than 70 first ascents and becoming the leading climber during the heyday of climbing in the Dolomites. In 1910 he made the second ascent of the Christomannosturm in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, 13 years after its first ascent. Dibona's route included a high rock face with fifth-degree passages. He made notable ascents of a number of peaks in other parts of the Alps in the early 1900s.

paragraph: One of his most notable first ascents was of the Pain de Sucre du Soreiller, a granite peak in the French Massif des Écrins, which he climbed in 1913 with Guido Mayer (an Austrian client with whom he climbed many peaks in the Dolomites and other parts of the Alps). This mountain was renamed the Aiguille Dibona in his honor. Dibona developed a long-term and almost symbiotic friendship with Mayer and his brother.

paragraph: In the First World War he fought as a Kaiserschütze on the Austro-Hungarian side together with Luis Trenker and was awarded the "Iron Merit Cross with Crown" (Eiserne Verdienstkreuz mit der Krone).

paragraph: In the 1920s he climbed in the English Lake District, making first ascents of gills in the Honister Pass area. In 1947 the Appalachian Mountain Club reported that Dibona was still doing "spectacular" rock climbs at the age of 65.

paragraph: Section::::Notable first ascents.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campanile Dibona (west peak, , Stubai Alps, 1908—solo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torre Fiscalina (Sexten Dolomites, 27 July 1909—with L. Rizzi, Guido Mayer, M. Mayer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Einser/Cima Una (north face, Sexten Dolomites, 18 July 1910—with L. Rizzi, Guido Mayer, M. Mayer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Croda dei Toni (, Sexten Dolomites, 22 July 1910—with L. Rizzi, Guido Mayer, M. Mayer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campanile Rosa (Tofane, 17 August 1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tofana di Rozes (south-south-west, , Tofane, 3 September 1930—with L. Apollonio and P.L. Edwards)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Punta Michele (north face, , Stubai Alps, 1944—at age 65)

description: Italian mountain climber

wikidata_label: Angelo Dibona

wikipedia_title: Angelo Dibona


text: Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau

text: Missouri

text: Pope Francis

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis

text: master's degree of divinity

text: Kenrick School of Theology

text: deacon

text: J. Terry Steib

text: Archbishop of Saint Louis

text: John L. May

text: St. Mary's High School

text: Cardinal Glennon College

text: Parish

text: Vocation

text: chaplain of His Holiness

text: monsignor

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: auxiliary bishop

text: titular Bishop

text: Sufes

text: Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis

text: Robert James Carlson

text: John R. Gaydos

text: Richard F. Stika

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Knoxville

text: Raymond Leo Burke

text: Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: List of Saint Louis Bishops

text: USCCB Bishops Directory

categories: 1960 births,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis,Pontifical North American College alumni,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Kenrick–Glennon Seminary alumni,American titular bishops,Living people

paragraph: Edward M. Rice

paragraph: Edward Matthew Rice (born July 28, 1960) is an American prelate who is the bishop of the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau in Missouri. He was named Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau by Pope Francis on April 26, 2016, and was installed on June 1, 2016. Rice previously served as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis from 2010 to 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Rice was born July 28, 1960, at St. Louis, Missouri, one of the ten children of the late John and Helen Rice. He graduated from St. Mary's High school in south St. Louis. He received the master's degree of divinity from Kenrick School of Theology in 1987.

paragraph: Rice was ordained a deacon on May 3, 1986, by Bishop J. Terry Steib, SVD.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Priestly Ordination and ministry.

paragraph: Rice was ordained to the priesthood on January 3, 1987, by Archbishop of Saint Louis John L. May. He taught at St. Mary's High School in St. Louis from 1991, until four years later he became assistant director of Cardinal Glennon College, the minor seminary of the St. Louis archdiocese. He was named director of the college in 1996 and held the job until 2000. In that year, he received an assignment as pastor of St. John the Baptist Parish in St. Louis. Then in 2008, he stepped down as pastor to become director of the Office of Vocations for the Archdiocese of St. Louis, the position he has held since.

paragraph: On July 2, 2008, he was appointed as a chaplain of His Holiness with the title monsignor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis.

paragraph: On December 1, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rice an auxiliary bishop of St. Louis, Missouri, and titular Bishop of Sufes.

paragraph: Rice's episcopal consecration took place on January 13, 2011, at the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis. Robert James Carlson, the Archbishop of St. Louis, was the principal consecrator. Bishops John R. Gaydos (of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jefferson City, Missouri) and Richard F. Stika (of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Knoxville, Tennessee), were the principal co-consecrators. Raymond Leo Burke, prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (the Vatican's highest court) and archbishop emeritus of St. Louis, and Bishop Hermann, were also in attendance.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau.

paragraph: On April 26, 2016, the Vatican announced that Pope Francis had appointed Rice bishop of the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau, a diocese spanning the southern third of Missouri. His installation took place June 1, 2016, at St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Parish in Springfield.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Saint Louis Bishops

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield–Cape Girardeau Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- USCCB Bishops Directory

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Edward M. Rice

wikipedia_title: Edward M. Rice


text:
American football
punter
Tennessee Titans
National Football League
Denver Broncos
undrafted free agent
college football
Toledo
football
college football
Toledo
Tom Amstutz
Minnesota
Kansas
Ohio
Central Michigan
Western Illinois
Fresno State
Ball State
Buffalo
Iowa State
Kansas
Central Michigan
Purdue
Kansas
Western Michigan
Northern Illinois
Ray Guy Award
Broncos
Sam Paulescu
Oakland Raiders
San Diego Chargers
Johnnie Lee Higgins
Cincinnati Bengals
Cleveland Browns
Tennessee Titans
Reggie Hodges
6–0
Jacksonville Jaguars
Oakland Raiders
Kansas City Chiefs
Jacksonville Jaguars
Denver Broncos
Indianapolis Colts
Buffalo Bills
New England Patriots
Indianapolis Colts
New York Jets
Pittsburgh Steelers
Houston Texans
Denver Broncos
Kansas City Chiefs
Baltimore Ravens
Indianapolis Colts
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
New England Patriots
Houston Texans
Minnesota Vikings
Oakland Raiders
Jacksonville Jaguars
Oakland Raiders
Seattle Seahawks
Miami Dolphins
Kansas City Chiefs
Pro Bowl
Cal Kern
Niagara Power
Denver Broncos bio

categories: American football punters,People from Grand Island, New York,Players of American football from New York (state),1986 births,Sportspeople from Erie County, New York,Tennessee Titans players,Denver Broncos players,Living people,American Conference Pro Bowl players

paragraph: Brett Kern

paragraph: Brett Alan Kern (born February 17, 1986) is an American football punter for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Toledo.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Kern is a 2004 graduate of Grand Island High School, where he played on the football team. He was named All-New York State as a senior and was a member of the schools Section VI championship. Following graduation from high school, Kern represented New York State in the New York-New Jersey Governor's Bowl played at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He also played basketball and was a long jumper and high hurdler on the track team.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Kern played college football at the University of Toledo for head coach Tom Amstutz.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2004 season.

paragraph: As a freshman in 2004, Kern was immediately inserted into the role of punter for the Rockets. In his collegiate debut, he had eight punts for 344 net yards (43.0 average) against Minnesota. In the next game against Kansas, he had a season-high nine punts for a season-high 357 net yards (39.7 average). On October 16, against Ohio, he had two punts for 101 net yards for a season-high 50.5 average. In the next game against Central Michigan, he recorded his first collegiate pass, a successful 46-yard throw. On the season, he had 44 punts for 1,788 net yards for a 40.6 average.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2005 season.

paragraph: Kern continued to contribute in his second season as the Rockets' punter. On September 1, in the season opener against Western Illinois, he had three punts for 99 net yards for a 33.0 average. On September 27, against Fresno State, he had five punts for a season-high 206 net yards for a 41.2 average. On October 15, against Ball State, he had a successful passing attempt for 34 yards.

paragraph: On October 22 against Buffalo, he had two punts for 91 net yards for a season-high 45.5 average. Overall, in the 2005 season, he had 33 punts for 1,305 yards for a 39.5 average.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2006 season.

paragraph: Kern's punting career continued into his junior season in 2006. On August 31, against Iowa State, he had a single punt for 46 yards in the season opener. On September 15, against Kansas, he had a season-high 12 punts for a season-high 484 net yards for a 40.3 average. On October 7, against Central Michigan, he completed a 25-yard pass. Overall, in the 2006 season, he had 60 punts for 2,502 net yards for a 41.7 average.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2007 season.

paragraph: Kern's final season with the Rockets was in 2007. On September 1, against Purdue, he had eight punts for 394 net yards for a 49.3 average. On September 15, against Kansas, he had a season-high 10 punts for a season-high 420 net yards for a 42.00 average. On September 29, 2007, against Western Michigan, he had six punts for 323 net yards for a season-high 53.8 average. On October 27, against Northern Illinois, he had a 50-yard rush in the game. The MAC Report Online named Kern the Mid-American Conference’s ‘’Special Teams Player of the Year’’ in 2007. Kern was also a finalist for the Ray Guy Award in 2007. That year, he averaged 46.5 yards per punt, second in the nation. Overall, in his final season, he had 52 total punts for 2,399 yards for a 46.1 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Denver Broncos.:2008 season.

paragraph: In 2008, Kern won the starting punter job for the Broncos, winning the job over competitor Sam Paulescu.

paragraph: During his rookie season with the Broncos, Kern attempted 46 punts for an average of 46.7. He made his NFL debut the season opener against the Oakland Raiders, he had two punts for 80 net yards for a 40.0 average. His longest punt of the year was 64 yards against the San Diego Chargers in Week 2. On October 5, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had 5 punts for a season-high 248 net yards for a 49.6 average. He gave away one touchdown that year against the Oakland Raiders in Week 12 when Johnnie Lee Higgins took the punt back 89 yards for the score.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Denver Broncos.:2009 season.

paragraph: Kern remained as the Broncos' punter in his second professional season. In the season opener against the Cincinnati Bengals, he had a season-high eight punts for a season-high 340 net yards for a 42.5 average. On September 20, against the Cleveland Browns, he had two punts for 109 net yards for a season-high 54.5 average. He finished the 2009 season with 64 punts for 2,910 net yards for a 45.47 average.

paragraph: Despite having the third highest yards per punt average in NFL history, Kern was waived by the Broncos.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2009 season.

paragraph: Kern was claimed off waivers by the Tennessee Titans, replacing Reggie Hodges. At the time Kern was released from the Broncos and claimed by the Titans, the Broncos were 6–0 while the Titans were 0–6. A subsequent Titans winning streak and Broncos losing streak led to a situation where teams with Kern on the roster had compiled a record of 11–0 to begin the season, despite the two teams being a collective 12–10 overall in that period.

paragraph: On November 1, he made his Titans debut against the Jacksonville Jaguars. He had four punts for 193 net yards for a 48.25 average.

paragraph: Overall, in the 2009 season, he totaled 64 punts for 2,910 yards for a 45.47 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2010 season.

paragraph: Kern remained as the Titans' punter in the 2010 season. On September 12, in the season opener against the Oakland Raiders, he had four punts for 200 net yards for a season-high 50.0 average. On December 26, in Week 16 against the Kansas City Chiefs, he had a season-high eight punts for a season-high 352 net yards for a 44.0 average. Overall, in the 2010 season, he had 77 punts for 3,302 net yards for a 42.88 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2011 season.

paragraph: On February 24, Kern signed a four-year, $5.2 million contract extension with the Titans with $2.1 million guaranteed.

paragraph: In the season opener on September 11, Kern had seven punts for 291 net yards for a 41.57 average against the Jacksonville Jaguars. In Week 3 against the Denver Broncos, he had a 21-yard rush. On October 30, in Week 8 against the Indianapolis Colts, he had a season-high eight punts for a season-high 330 net yards for a 41.25 average. On December 4, against the Buffalo Bills, he had five punts for 239 net yards for a season-high 47.8 average. Overall, in the 2011 season, he recorded 86 punts for 3,747 net yards for a 43.57 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2012 season.

paragraph: In the season opener on September 9, against the New England Patriots, Kern had four punts for 209 net yards for a 52.25 average. On December 9, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had three punts for 165 net yards for a season-high 55.0 average. In Week 15 against the New York Jets, he had a season-high 10 punts for a season-high 391 net yards for a 39.1 average. Overall, in the 2012 season, he had 81 punts for 3,855 yards for a 47.59 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2013 season.

paragraph: On September 8, against the Pittsburgh Steelers, Kern had five punts for 208 net yards for a 41.6 average in the season opener. In Week 2 against the Houston Texans, he had a season-high eight punts for 382 net yards for a 47.75 average. On December 8, against the Denver Broncos, he had four punts for 201 net yards for a season-high 50.25 average. Overall, in the 2013 season, he had 78 punts for 3,386 net yards for a 43.41 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2014 season.

paragraph: In the season opener against the Kansas City Chiefs, Kern had six punts for 304 net yards for a 50.67 average. On November 9, against the Baltimore Ravens, he had a season-high eight punts for a season-high 414 net yards for a 51.75 average. On December 28, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had seven punts for 383 net yards for a season-high 54.71 average. In addition, he had a career-long 79-yard punt in the game. In the 2014 season, he had 88 punts for 4,118 net yards for a 46.80 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2015 season.

paragraph: On March 8, 2015, Kern signed a five-year $15 million contract extension with the Titans.

paragraph: On September 13, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had four punts for 189 net yards for a 47.25 average in the season opener. On December 20, against the New England Patriots, he had five punts for 272 net yards for a season-high 54.4 average. In Week 16, on December 27, against the Houston Texans, he had a season-high nine punts for a season-high 427 net yards for a 47.44 average. Overall, in the 2015 season, he recorded 88 punts for 4,175 net yards for a 47.44 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2016 season.

paragraph: On September 11, against the Minnesota Vikings in the season opener, he had five punts for 231 net yards for a 46.2 average. In Week 3, against the Oakland Raiders, he had six punts for 311 net yards for a season-high 51.83 average. On December 24, in Week 16 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, he had seven punts for a season-high 313 net yards for a 44.71 average. In the 2016 season, he finished with 77 punts for 3,402 net yards for a 44.18 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2017 season.

paragraph: On September 10, against the Oakland Raiders in the season opener, Kern had four punts for 188 net yards for a 47 average. On September 24, in Week 3 against the Seattle Seahawks, he had six punts for 341 net yards for a season-high 56.83 average. On October 8, against the Miami Dolphins, he had a season-high 10 punts for a season-high 549 net yards for a 54.9 average.

paragraph: On December 19, 2017, Kern was named to his first Pro Bowl. Kern finished the 2017 season with 75 punts for 3,728 net yards for a 49.71 average.

paragraph: The Titans finished the 2017 season with a 9–7 record and qualified for the playoffs as the #5 seed. In the Wild Card Round against the Kansas City Chiefs, Kern made his playoff debut. In the 22–21 win, he had three punts for 131 net yards for a 43.7 average. In the Divisional Round against the New England Patriots, he had seven punts for 316 net yards for a 45.14 average.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2018 season.

paragraph: On December 18, 2018, Kern was named to his second Pro Bowl. Kern finished the season punting 74 times with 39 being inside the 20.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.:2019 season.

paragraph: On March 7, 2019, Kern signed a four-year, $12.55 million contract extension with the Titans through the 2023 season.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Kern is the son of Cal Kern, owner of the amateur Niagara Power baseball team. Kern is married to Tiffany Kern and the couple has three kids, Bryce Jeremiah, Anelle Naomi, and Quinn Eliana. Kern is an avid golfer that sports a +1 handicap. He picked the game up late in his high school years and caddied for three summers at Inverness Golf Club while in college. The course is located in Toledo, Ohio, and has hosted PGA and NCAA Championships. In 2011, Kern competed in The Vinny, a local golf fundraising tournament hosted by singers Vince Gill and Amy Grant, and finished fourth in the event.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denver Broncos bio

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Brett Kern

wikipedia_title: Brett Kern


text:
Nitocris
Ancient Egypt
pharaoh
Sixth Dynasty
Seventh
Eighth
Old Kingdom period
nomarch
Nitocris
Herodotus
Manetho
Abydos King List
Seti I
British Museum
Turin canon
Gardiner
Histories
Herodotus
Nitocris
Manetho
Aegyptiaca
Pyramid of Menkaure
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
Kim Ryholt
Turin canon
Ramesside period

wikipedia_title:
Nitocris
Ancient Egypt
Pharaoh
Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
Old Kingdom of Egypt
Nomarch
Nitocris
Herodotus
Manetho
Abydos King List
Seti I
British Museum
Turin King List
Alan Gardiner
Histories (Herodotus)
Herodotus
Nitocris
Manetho
Manetho
Pyramid of Menkaure
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
Kim Ryholt
Turin King List
Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt

categories: 22nd-century BC Pharaohs,Pharaohs of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt,22nd-century BC rulers

paragraph: Netjerkare Siptah

paragraph: Netjerkare Siptah (also Neitiqerty Siptah and possibly the origin of the legendary figure Nitocris) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the seventh and last ruler of the Sixth Dynasty. Alternatively some scholars classify him as the first king of the Seventh or Eighth Dynasty. As the last king of the 6th Dynasty, Netjerkare Siptah is considered by some Egyptologists to be the last king of the Old Kingdom period.

paragraph: Netjerkare Siptah enjoyed a short reign in the early 22nd century BC, at a time when the power of the pharaoh was crumbling and that of the local nomarchs was on the rise. Although he was male, Netjerkare Siptah is most likely the same person as the female ruler "Nitocris" mentioned by Herodotus and Manetho.

paragraph: Section::::Attestation.

paragraph: The prenomen "Netjerkare" is inscribed on the 40th entry of the Abydos King List, a king list redacted during the reign of Seti I. Netjerkare immediately follows Merenre Nemtyemsaf II on the list. The prenomen Netjerkare is also attested on a single copper tool of unknown provenance and now in the British Museum. The nomen "Neitiqerty Siptah" is inscribed on the Turin canon, on the 5th column, 7th row (4th column, 7th row in Gardiner's reconstruction of the canon).

paragraph: Section::::Identification with Nitocris.

paragraph: In his "Histories", the Greek historian Herodotus records a legend according to which an Egyptian queen Nitocris took revenge on the murder of her brother and husband by a rioting mob. She diverted the Nile to drown all of the murderers during a banquet where she had gathered them. This story is also reported by the Egyptian priest Manetho, who wrote an history of Egypt called "Aegyptiaca" in the 3rd century BC. Manetho writes of Nitocris that she was "... braver than all the men of her time, the most beautiful of all women, fair-skinned with red cheeks". Manetho goes further and credits her with the construction of the Pyramid of Menkaure "By her, it is said, the third pyramid was reared, with the aspect of a mountain". Although the murdered king is not named by Herodotus, Nitocris follows immediately Merenre Nemtyemsaf II in Manetho's "Aegyptiaca" and so he is often identified as this king. Since the king following Merenre Nemtyemsaf II in the Abydos king list is "Netjerkare", the German egyptologist Ludwig Stern proposed in 1883 that Netjerkare and Nitocris are the same person.

paragraph: The Danish Egyptologist Kim Ryholt confirmed Stern's hypothesis in a recent study of the matter. Ryholt argues that the name "Nitocris" is a result of conflation and distortion from the name "Netjerkare". Confirming this analysis, the Turin canon, another king list redacted during the early Ramesside period lists a "Neitiqerti Siptah" at an uncertain position. Ryholt's microscopic analyses of the fibers of the papyrus suggest that the fragment where this name appears belongs to the end of the 6th Dynasty, immediately after Merenre Nemtyemsaf II.

paragraph: Since on the Abydos king list, Netjerkare is placed in the equivalent spot that Neitiqerti Siptah holds on the Turin canon, the two are to be identified. Additionally, the nomen "Siptah" is masculine indicating that Nitocris was in fact a male pharaoh.

paragraph: The name "Nitocris" probably originates from the prenomen "Neitiqerti", which itself either comes from a corruption of "Netjerkare", or else "Neitiqerti Siptah" was the nomen of the king and "Netjerkare" his prenomen.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Netjerkare

wikipedia_title: Netjerkare Siptah


text: Brussels

text: Menton

text: Belgian

text: painter

text: Realism

text: Louis Gallait

text: Charles Gleyre

text: Paul Delaroche

text: Claude Monet

text: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

text: Alfred Sisley

text: James Abbott McNeill Whistler

text: Georges Croegaert

text: Société Libre des Beaux-Arts

text: Charles de Groux

text: Alfred Verwee

text: Constantin Meunier

text: Louis Dubois

text: Félicien Rops

text: Constantin Meunier

text: Louis Artan de Saint-Martin

text: Théodore Baron

text: Gustave Courbet

text: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

text: demi-monde

text: Alfred Stevens

text: Eugène Laermans

text: Léon Frédéric

categories: Belgian genre painters,19th-century Belgian painters,20th-century Belgian painters,Artists from Brussels,1839 births,Belgian portrait painters,Belgian landscape painters,1924 deaths

paragraph: Charles Hermans

paragraph: Charles Hermans (Brussels, 7 August 1839 – Menton, 7 December 1924) was a Belgian painter of genre scenes, portraits, landscapes and some still lifes. Through a number of his monumental genre paintings he played an important role in the recognition of Realism in Belgian art.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Hermans was born in Brussels in a well-off bourgeois family. He showed an interest in art from an early age. In his native city Hermans received some artistic guidance from the painter Louis Gallait. He then studied at the Saint Luc workshop in Brussels, a liberal workshop which offered an alternative to traditional academic education. Between 1858 and 1861 he stayed in Paris where he studied at the workshop of the Swiss painter Charles Gleyre at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts. Gleyser was a prominent painter who had taken over the studio of Paul Delaroche in 1843 and taught a number of younger artists who became prominent, including Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, James Abbott McNeill Whistler.

paragraph: From 1862 to 1867, Hermans stayed in Italy. In Rome he became fascinated with the life of the monks, which became a favorite subject of many paintings between 1866 and 1869. The theme of Catholic clergy was popular at the time as evidenced by the vogue of cardinal paintings made by artists such as the Belgian Georges Croegaert. He had an early success with his paintings of clerics. He later made several trips especially in the Mediterranean region and, in particular, Spain.

paragraph: Hermans joined the Société Libre des Beaux-Arts, founded in Brussels on 1 March 1868, which brought together several famous Belgian naturalist artists such as Charles de Groux, Alfred Verwee, Constantin Meunier, Louis Dubois, Félicien Rops, Constantin Meunier and Louis Artan de Saint-Martin and Théodore Baron. The members admired the work of the French Realist painter Gustave Courbet and wished to confront the prevailing Academism in contemporary Belgian art. The Realist movement in Belgium gradually gained ground as evidenced by the fact that the Realist artists Constantin Meunier and Louis Artan de Saint-Martin received prizes at the Brussels salon of 1869. The battle with the Belgian art establishment appeared to have been won when in 1875 Hermans' was accepted at the Brussels salon without opposition.

paragraph: Hermans participated in major international exhibitions such as the art section of the World Fair held in Paris in 1878 where he showed "At dawn" to general acclaim. He earned an international reputation thanks to this success. His paintings were acquired by museums, both in Belgium and abroad. Despite this early success Hermans was not able to realise the expectations. He had hoped to reiterate the reception of "At dawn" by creating the large, ambitious work , which was exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1880. The impact of the work was less than that of his earlier work. Still many reproductions of it were made and the original was acquired by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1882.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Hermans was a prolific artist who practised many genres throughout his career: history painting, genre art, portraits and landscape painting. He initially painted genre scenes of monks. He subsequently tried to elevate genre painting by treating biblical subjects as genre art. He painted a "Job visited by his friends" in which he depicted Job as an ordinary poor man in a Realist style. He then turned to genre scenes such as the showing a fashionable young couple clearly in love. He later turned to subjects with a social connotation such as the "Sunday visit to the children's clinic at St. Peter's Hospital". In this composition he addressed human tragedy and suffering humanity in a moving and honest manner. The sentimentality of the subject assured the success of this composition.

paragraph: The crowning achievement of his genre art was the work of 1875 . It is a realistic and moralizing painting representing an encounter of an group of inebriated revellers leaving a restaurant with prostitutes on their arms in the early hours and a group of poor labourers on their way to work. The work was interpreted as a work of social criticism by contrasting the honest, simple workers with the depraved bourgeoisie. Hermans himself denied that his intention was to engage in social criticism and argued that he chose the subject because of its artistic possibilities.

paragraph: Hermans followed up this masterwork with other smaller genre pieces until he attempted another genre scene on a large scale, "The masked ball". This work depicts one of the all-night society masked balls of the late 19th century, which were also attended by young women of the "demi-monde". The composition shows a large room filled with groups of partygoers some of whom are in the shadows looking from a balcony in the background while others are active on the crowded dance floor in the front. Elegantly dressed men are joined by many women on the dance floor some in close embrace or animated conversation. Many of the men depicted were prominent personalities of the time. Hermans was able to convey with a remarkable skill the jostling and carnival madness of a night at the theater.

paragraph: Not achieving the expected success with this work, Hermans turned to smaller scale works often depicting charming women, which were based on the studies he had made for the "Masked ball". These works are in the same vein as the society portraits of Alfred Stevens. He also painted at the sea from which he returned with fantasies of nude women bathing and Bacchantes. A new high point of this period is the composition , which shows a seductive woman in a modern interior with a man passed out at a table with an overturned wine glass. This was a return to the veiled social criticism of his earlier work. In his later years he painted large decorative works and landscapes with many figures. During World War I he treated some wartime subjects such as "The martyrs" and the "Execution of Edith Cavell by the Germans".

paragraph: Hermans' large-format Realist works were influential on the next generation of Belgian artists such as Eugène Laermans and Léon Frédéric.

description: Belgian painter

wikidata_label: Charles Hermans

wikipedia_title: Charles Hermans


categories: Olympic swimmers of Japan,Olympic gold medalists for Japan,Former world record holders in swimming,Male freestyle swimmers,1917 births,1988 deaths,Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics,Swimmers at the 1936 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Shigeo Sugiura

description: swimmer

wikidata_label: Shigeo Sugiura

wikipedia_title: Shigeo Sugiura