text: KP

text: James Alexander, 1st Earl of Caledon

text: Eton College

text: Christ Church, Oxford

text: Newtownards

text: Irish House of Commons

text: Act of Union

text: High Sheriff of Armagh

text: Cape of Good Hope

text: Caledon River

text: Caledon, Western Cape

text: Lord Macartney

text: Sir George Yonge

text: Peace of Amiens

text: Sir David Baird

text: Mauritius

text: Lord Minto

text: Java

text: Josias Du Pré Porcher

text: Nicholas Vansittart

text: rotten borough

text: Old Sarum

text: Lord Grenville

text: Lord Castlereagh

text: Josias du Pré Alexander

text: James Alexander

text: Philip Yorke, 3rd Earl of Hardwicke

text: St Albans

text: Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke

text: Knight of St Patrick

text: Lord Lieutenant of County Tyrone

text: Caledon

text: entail

text: James Alexander, 4th Earl of Caledon

categories: People educated at Eton College,Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Down constituencies,1777 births,High Sheriffs of Armagh,Irish representative peers,Earls in the Peerage of Ireland,1839 deaths,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Irish MPs 1798–1800,Lord-Lieutenants of Tyrone,Knights of St Patrick

paragraph: Du Pre Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon

paragraph: Du Pré Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon KP (14 December 1777 – 8 April 1839), styled The Honourable Du Pré Alexander from 1790 to 1800 and Viscount Alexander from 1800 to 1802, was an Irish peer, landlord and colonial administrator, and was the second child and only son of James Alexander, 1st Earl of Caledon.

paragraph: Section::::Education and inheritance.

paragraph: He was educated from 1790 to 1796 at Eton College in England and later at Christ Church, Oxford. He was elected Member of Parliament for Newtownards in 1800 and sat in the Irish House of Commons until the Act of Union in 1801. In the latter year, he was appointed High Sheriff of Armagh. He succeeded to the title of Earl of Caledon on the death of his father in 1802 and was elected a Representative Peer for Ireland in 1804.

paragraph: Section::::Governorship.

paragraph: In July 1806 he was appointed Governor of the Cape of Good Hope in what is now South Africa. He was the first governor on the Cape's cession to United Kingdom; the Caledon River and the district Caledon, Western Cape there are named after him. Lord Caledon was not, literally, the first British civil governor of the Cape, having been preceded in that capacity by Lord Macartney and Sir George Yonge, successive holders of the office between the first conquest of the Cape, and its cession back to the Dutch under the terms of the Peace of Amiens of 1802. Rather, Lord Caledon was the first civil governor after the Cape's reconquest from the Dutch by General Sir David Baird in 1806. The question of the relationship between the civil and the military authorities of the colony, personified in Lord Caledon's relationship with the Commander-in-Chief, General Sir Henry Grey, was the most troublesome of the former's period of office as governor, and the issue on which he resigned in June 1811.

paragraph: Less than three years after his departure, in March 1814, an open letter was written defending his record as governor. The writer, Colonel Christopher Bird, Deputy Colonial Secretary at the Cape (subsequently Colonial Secretary), was well qualified to speak, although his partisanship on Lord Caledon's behalf is unconcealed. In another part of the Caledon Papers, Lord Caledon's own appraisal of his governorship of the Cape is to be found. It occurs in the course of a letter which he wrote to the Prime Minister, the 2nd Earl of Liverpool, in 1818 stating his claims to be given a peerage of the United Kingdom: '... The administration of the colonial government during my residence there for a term of four years, was more than usually arduous, in consequence of my being the first civil governor after the capture of the settlement, and from there being no records of a former British government in any of the public offices at The Cape. ... I hope I shall be excused for stating that, upon my own responsibility and under the most embarrassing circumstances, occasioned by the loss of four British frigates which were to have protected the convoy, I detached 2,000 infantry to co-operate with the force from India in the reduction of the Mauritius. In a letter from Lord Minto [Governor General of India] upon that occasion, he acknowledges the public service I rendered, not only as relating to the fall of the Mauritius, but adds that it was to the co-operation I afforded he was indebted for the means of moving against Java. ...'.

paragraph: Section::::"Rotten borough".

paragraph: Other political correspondence in the Caledon Papers, in this case during the governorship years, relates to Lord Caledon's relations with the government at home and, in particular, to the parliamentary conduct of the two members, Josias Du Pré Porcher and Nicholas Vansittart, whom he returned for the notoriously rotten borough of Old Sarum, Wiltshire. He had bought this borough and estate in 1802, for c.£43,000, with a view to increasing his claims to some form of suitable official employment. Though he consistently denied that his appointment to the Cape had been a 'political' one, it was undeniable that the seats for Old Sarum had been an added recommendation. Doubt therefore arose as to whether he owed a political loyalty to the home government for the time being, or to the Grenville administration which had appointed him and which had fallen from power soon afterwards, in March 1807. There is correspondence on this subject with Lord Grenville himself, Porcher and Vansittart; also with Lord Castlereagh, who held office in the government which succeeded Grenville's. The Caledon Cape Papers illuminate this shadowy area between political and public service.

paragraph: He sold the borough in 1820 to his cousins Josias du Pré Alexander and James Alexander.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and Tyttenhanger.

paragraph: Lord Caledon married Lady Catherine Yorke, daughter of Philip Yorke, 3rd Earl of Hardwicke and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay, on 16 October 1811 in St. James' Church, Westminster, and had issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Du Pre Alexander, 3rd Earl of Caledon (27 July 1812 – 30 June 1855)

paragraph: With this marriage the Caledon family effectively inherited Tyttenhanger House near St Albans, Hertfordshire, which had belonged to the 3rd Earl of Hardwicke's grandmother, Katherine Freeman, the sister and heiress of Sir Henry Pope Blount, 3rd and last Baronet. Sir Henry died in 1757 without issue, leaving his sister Katherine, the wife of Rev. William Freeman, his heir. She left an only daughter, Catherine, who married Charles Yorke, second son of Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, whose son Philip, 3rd Earl of Hardwicke, on his death in 1834, left four daughters, to the second of whom, Catherine, the wife of the 2nd Earl of Caledon, came the manor of Tyttenhanger.

paragraph: Lord Caledon was invested as a Knight of St Patrick on 20 August 1821 and was appointed Lord Lieutenant of County Tyrone in 1831. He died on 8 April 1839 at Caledon, aged 61, much mourned by his tenants in the model town of Caledon, which he had rebuilt and enlarged so sympathetically. A loyal address from the tenantry issued a few years earlier alludes to his 'acts of liberality, munificence and kindness' and there is plenty of evidence to confirm that this was no mere empty elegy. 'Lord Caledon', wrote Inglis in his book "Ireland" (1834), 'is all that could be desire – a really good resident country gentleman'.

paragraph: Lady Caledon died on 8 July 1863, having bequeathed Tyttenhanger to her daughter-in-law Jane, with an entail upon her four children and, according to one source, the estate descended to her eldest son James Alexander, 4th Earl of Caledon, who died in 1898. His widow became lady of the manor and held it in trust for her children. Other sources indicate that Tyttenhanger was the home of Lady Jane Van Koughnet, the daughter of the 4th Earl of Caledon, and her husband, Commander E. B. Van Koughnet, until her death in 1941. The house was sold in 1973.

description: Irish politician

wikidata_label: Du Pre Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon

wikipedia_title: Du Pre Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon


text: Cuban

text: professional baseball

text: outfielder

text: New York Mets

text: Major League Baseball

text: Oakland Athletics

text: Boston Red Sox

text: Detroit Tigers

text: left fielder

text: Campechuela

text: Alazanes de Granma

text: Cuban National Series

text: batted

text: on-base percentage

text: slugging percentage

text: home runs

text: runs batted in

text: Cuba national team

text: gold medal

text: Home Run Derby

text: All-Star

text: World Series

text: National League champion

text: Campechuela

text: Granma Province

text: Cuba

text: Estela Milanés

text: pitcher

text: 2000 Summer Olympics

text: Cuban League

text: catcher

text: Dominican Republic

text: Cuban National Series

text: Granma

text: 2003–04 Cuban National Series

text: batting average

text: on-base percentage

text: slugging percentage

text: Frank Montieth

text: 2004–05 season

text: 2005–06 season

text: home run

text: runs

text: runs batted in

text: games played

text: Yulieski Gurriel

text: 2006 Haarlem Baseball Week

text: Yosvani Peraza

text: Alfredo Despaigne

text: 2007 Pan-American Games

text: Cuban national team

text: 2007–08 season

text: Alexei Bell

text: 2009 World Baseball Classic

text: Frederich Cepeda

text: Australia

text: Damian Moss

text: Mexico

text: Pablo Ortega

text: Hisashi Iwakuma

text: Japan

text: Michihiro Ogasawara

text: 2008–2009 season

text: Leonys Martín

text: Rolando Meriño

text: Alfredo Despaigne

text: Joan Carlos Pedroso

text: Giorvis Duvergel

text: 2009 Baseball World Cup

text: Brad Lincoln

text: Team USA

text: Alfredo Despaigne

text: José Abreu

text: 2010 World University Baseball Championship

text: Team USA

text: Mikie Mahtook

text: Shota Ishimine

text: 2011 Pan American Games

text: 2010 Intercontinental Cup

text: Dutch national team

text: Yoandry Urgellés

text: Berry van Driel

text: Ramon Tamayo

text: five-tool

text: Baseball Prospectus

text: Oakland Athletics

text: Coco Crisp

text: Seattle Mariners

text: Shawn Kelley

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: American League West

text: 2013 Home Run Derby

text: Robinson Cano

text: American League

text: National League

text: Bryce Harper

text: All-Star game

text: Detroit Tigers

text: José Bautista

text: Toronto Blue Jays

text: Mike Trout

text: Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

text: Toronto Blue Jays

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: Chris Iannetta

text: Kole Calhoun

text: Howie Kendrick

text: Mike Trout

text: Albert Pujols

text: Brandon Moss

text: Josh Donaldson

text: Derek Norris

text: Brandon Moss

text: Scott Kazmir

text: Sean Doolittle

text: 2014 MLB All-Star Game

text: Target Field

text: Adam Jones

text: Ken Griffey Jr.

text: 2014 MLB All-Star Game

text: Boston Red Sox

text: Jon Lester

text: Jonny Gomes

text: Los Angeles Angels

text: Alex Wilson

text: Gabe Speier

text: Detroit Tigers

text: Rick Porcello

text: Minnesota Twins

text: Kurt Suzuki

text: All-Star Final Vote

text: Rawlings Gold Glove Award

text: assists

text: Defensive Runs Saved

text: Ultimate Zone Rating

text: Vic Power

text: New York Mets

text: Michael Fulmer

text: Luis Cessa

text: ESPN.com

text: Washington Nationals

text: NL Player of the Week Award

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Starlin Castro

text: Trevor Cahill

text: uncaught third strike

text: Michael Conforto

text: World Series

text: Alcides Escobar

text: Matt Harvey

text: free agent

text: Mets

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: Chicago Cubs

text: 2016 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

text: Petco Park

text: Noah Syndergaard

text: Bartolo Colón

text: Jeurys Familia

text: Terry Collins

text: Cuba national team

text: gold medal

text: 2007 Pan Am Games

text: 2010 World University

text: Home Run Derby

text: National League champion

text: World Baseball Classic

text: MLB All-Star

text: MLB Player of the Week

text: Rawlings Gold Glove Award

text: Silver Slugger Award

text: Manhattan

text: Yoelkis

text: Jay-Z

text: Roc Nation

text: Ford F-250

text: Polaris Slingshot

text: Lamborghini Aventador

text: Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione

text: Jeep Wrangler

categories: 1985 births,New York Mets players,Cuban defectors,National League All-Stars,Detroit Tigers players,Major League Baseball players from Cuba,Alazanes de Granma players,People from Campechuela,Boston Red Sox players,Major League Baseball left fielders,American League All-Stars,Living people,Gold Glove Award winners,Cuban baseball players,Pan American Games medalists in baseball,Baseball players at the 2007 Pan American Games,Major League Baseball center fielders,Silver Slugger Award winners,Pan American Games gold medalists for Cuba,Sacramento River Cats players,Oakland Athletics players

paragraph: Yoenis Céspedes

paragraph: Yoenis Céspedes Milanés (born October 18, 1985), nicknamed La Potencia, is a Cuban-born professional baseball outfielder for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut on March 28, 2012, for the Oakland Athletics, and has also played in MLB for the Boston Red Sox and Detroit Tigers. Primarily a left fielder in his early career, he has split between left and center field since joining the Mets. A right-hand batter and fielder, he stands tall and weighs .

paragraph: From Campechuela, Cuba, Céspedes played eight seasons until 2010 for the Alazanes de Granma in the Cuban National Series. In that time, he batted .319, .404 on-base percentage (OBP), .565 slugging percentage (SLG), 169 home runs and 557 runs batted in (RBI) over 528 games. He was also a member of the Cuba national team, winning gold medals in three tournaments. In MLB, he won the Home Run Derby in both 2013 and 2014. He is a two-time All-Star, and in 2015, played in his first World Series as member of the National League champion Mets.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Céspedes was born in the small town of Campechuela, in Granma Province, Cuba. Céspedes is the son of Estela Milanés, a softball pitcher who appeared in the 2000 Summer Olympics for Cuba, and Cresencio Céspedes, a former Cuban League catcher who separated from Milanés when Yoenis was one year old. At age 10, he was sent by his mother to a state-run school where he could focus on baseball. He played eight seasons in the Cuban Winter League before defecting from Cuba in 2011. In the summer of 2011, Céspedes and six others took a 23-hour speedboat ride departing Cuba and heading for the Dominican Republic. After arriving in the Dominican, he met Dominican agent Edgar Mercedes who established residency for him in Santiago which allowed him to bypass the MLB Draft and become a free-agent.

paragraph: Section::::Cuban career.

paragraph: Céspedes debuted in the Cuban National Series with Granma during the 2003–04 Cuban National Series, hitting .302/.382/.503 (batting average, on-base percentage and slugging percentage). He was considered for the Cuban National Series Rookie of the Year Award, but lost out to Frank Montieth.

paragraph: He batted .313/.403/.540 in the 2004–05 season. In the 2005–06 season, he hit .351/.444/.649 with 23 home runs, 89 runs and 78 runs batted in (RBI) in 88 games played. He tied Yulieski Gurriel for the National Series lead in runs and was four home runs behind Gourriel for the lead, placing second. He tied for seventh in doubles (24), was second in total bases (220, 6 behind Gourriel) and was 4th in slugging. He hit .481/.481/.741 for Cuba in the 2006 Haarlem Baseball Week.

paragraph: He produced at a .303/.402/.541 rate in the 2006–2007 season with 17 home runs and 79 runs in 89 games. He again led in runs. He was also fifth in doubles (24), tied Yosvani Peraza for third in home runs, was fourth in total bases (184), tied Alfredo Despaigne for 4th in RBI, tied for 4th in steals (15) and was sixth in slugging. He was 1 for 7 with a steal and a run in the 2007 Pan-American Games in his debut for the Cuban national team.

paragraph: He hit .284/.342/.552 in the 2007–08 season. He was among the league leaders in RBI (tying teammate Despaigne for third with 78), tied Urgellés for fourth in runs (82), was second in home runs (26, trailing only Alexei Bell) and fourth in 202 total bases.

paragraph: He was the starting center fielder for Cuba in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. He hit .458/.480/1.000 with a double, 3 triples, 2 home runs, five runs and five RBI in six games. He led Cuba in slugging and was second to Frederich Cepeda in average, OBP and OPS. He tied Cepeda and Gurriel for the team lead in runs and tied Gourriel for second in homers, behind Cepeda. He broke a 1–1 tie against Australia with a 6th-inning solo homer off Damian Moss and started a 16–4 romp over Mexico with a leadoff triple against Pablo Ortega. Céspedes tripled off Hisashi Iwakuma in Cuba's last game of the tournament, a 5–0 loss to Japan, but did not score. Earlier in that game, he dropped a fly from Michihiro Ogasawara to let the first two Japanese runs score. Cuba thus missed the final four of an event for the first time ever; the Cuban team had also made the finals of every global baseball competition since 1959.

paragraph: Céspedes batted .323/.411/.601 in the 2008–2009 season with 24 homers and 83 runs in 87 games. He tied Leonys Martín for 4th in the league in runs and tied Rolando Meriño for third in home runs (trailing Alfredo Despaigne and Joan Carlos Pedroso). He was 7th in total bases (197), 9th in RBI (76) and 10th in slugging. He made the All-Star outfield alongside Giorvis Duvergel and Despaigne.

paragraph: He started the 2009 Baseball World Cup as Cuba's starting center fielder, but struggled and only hit .194/.275/.333 while being caught in his only steal attempt; Martín replaced him as the event went along. In the gold medal game, Céspedes pinch-hit for Yorbis Borroto successfully with a 9th-inning single off Brad Lincoln in Cuba's 10–5 loss to Team USA, settling for a silver medal.

paragraph: He hit .345/.426/.617 in the 2009–2010 season with 87 runs and 22 homers in 87 contests. He was third in the league in runs (three behind Gurriel), 10th in hits (118), 8th in home runs, 4th in total bases (211, behind Alfredo Despaigne, Gourriel and José Abreu) and was ninth in slugging. He was not picked as an All-Star outfielder as Despaigne, Cepeda and Bell took the three slots.

paragraph: He went 11 for 22 with 12 runs, 14 RBI, two doubles and four homers in six games at the 2010 World University Baseball Championship. He drove in six against South Korea and five against China. In the gold medal game, he was 0 for 4 with a strikeout as Cuba's fifth batter in a 4–3 win over Team USA. He made the tournament All-Star outfield alongside Mikie Mahtook and Shota Ishimine. He played for Cuba when it finished second in the 2011 Pan American Games Qualifying Tournament. In the 2010 Intercontinental Cup, he was 3 for 10 with a double, three runs, four RBI and a walk as a backup. In the 4–1 win over the Dutch national team in the Gold Medal game, he was the second of three left fielders Cuba used. He replaced Yoandry Urgellés, was retired by Berry van Driel and then replaced by Despaigne.

paragraph: He put up a .333/.424/.667 batting line with 89 runs, 33 home runs and 99 RBI in 90 games in the 2010–2011 season. He led the league in runs (five ahead of Cepeda), tied Abreu for the home run lead (breaking Despaigne's league record by one), tied Cepeda for the most total bases (236), tied Ramon Tamayo for 7th in steals (11 in 14 tries), led in RBI (6 ahead of Abreu) and finished 5th in slugging. He was named the All-Star center fielder, joining Despaigne and Cepeda in the outfield.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.

paragraph: After Céspedes defected from Cuba in the summer of 2011, he established residency in the U.S. in January 2012, bypassing the MLB draft and becoming an unrestricted free agent. Céspedes was considered a five-tool outfielder going into free agency. Kevin Goldstein of "Baseball Prospectus" declared Céspedes "arguably the best all-around player to come out of Cuba in a generation."

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:Oakland Athletics.:2012.

paragraph: After interest from numerous Major League teams, Céspedes agreed to a 4-year, $36 million contract with the Oakland Athletics on February 13, 2012, with the deal becoming official the following month.

paragraph: Céspedes began the 2012 season for the Athletics at his usual position of center field, but was later moved to left field upon the return of veteran center fielder Coco Crisp.

paragraph: On March 28, in his major league debut, he went 1 for 3, and was also hit by a pitch. The following day, he hit his first major league home run, a 2-run shot off Seattle Mariners relief pitcher Shawn Kelley. Céspedes had hit his first walk-off home run on June 21 against the Los Angeles Dodgers with the final score of 4–1, resulting in a three-game sweep. The Athletics would go on to win the American League West, with Céspedes batting .316 with a .381 OBP in the postseason.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:Oakland Athletics.:2013.

paragraph: On July 15, 2013, Céspedes won the 2013 Home Run Derby. A last-minute addition by team captain Robinson Cano to represent the American League squad, he hit 32 home runs total in the exhibition, including 17 in the first round. He defeated the National League's Bryce Harper in the final round by hitting 9 home runs, with five swings to spare. He was the first winner of the contest who had not been selected to that year's All-Star game. Céspedes hit .240 for the year and had 26 home runs along with 80 RBI's. Though Cèspedes had a great postseason, the A's were eliminated by the Detroit Tigers. Céspedes suffered several injuries throughout the season, including wrist, hamstring, and knee injuries.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:Oakland Athletics.:2014.

paragraph: Céspedes had a great start to the season, hitting .273 with 14 homers and 55 RBIs through July 1, and was 3rd in the All-Star Voting for the AL behind José Bautista of the Toronto Blue Jays and Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

paragraph: Immediately Céspedes was noticed for throwing out runners. After getting 3 putouts against the Toronto Blue Jays and Baltimore Orioles, Céspedes gunned down Chris Iannetta and Kole Calhoun at home plate in the same inning in a game against the Angels on May 31. He would have an even more memorable throw, again against the Angels, when he threw out Howie Kendrick at home on June 10. Céspedes bobbled a hit off the bat of Mike Trout, causing Kendrick to attempt to run home. Céspedes corralled the ball and fired a 300-foot throw on the fly to nail Kendrick at the plate. He would once again terrorize Angel baserunners as he threw out Albert Pujols trying to advance to third when the ball got by Céspedes in the next game. This put Céspedes at 11 outfield assists on the season, which led the league.

paragraph: On July 1, Céspedes suffered a hamstring injury while running against the Tigers on a RBI hit by Brandon Moss. Céspedes along with 5 other A's players (Josh Donaldson, Derek Norris, Brandon Moss, and pitchers Scott Kazmir and Sean Doolittle) were chosen to play in the 2014 MLB All-Star Game in Target Field. In the final week of fan voting to select starters for the All Star Game, he was passed by Adam Jones. On July 14, 2014, Céspedes won the Home Run Derby for a second time, becoming the first player to win consecutive Home Run Derby titles since Ken Griffey Jr. accomplished the feat in 1999. Céspedes played in the 2014 MLB All-Star Game where he went 0 for 2.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:Boston Red Sox.

paragraph: On July 31, 2014, Céspedes was traded to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for pitcher Jon Lester and utility player Jonny Gomes.

paragraph: Céspedes hit his first home run as a member of the Red Sox on August 10, 2014, against the Los Angeles Angels, with a 3-run home run. In 51 games with Boston, Céspedes batted .269 with 5 home runs and 33 RBIs. Overall, for the 2014 season, Céspedes had 22 home runs with 100 RBIs, while batting .260.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: On December 11, 2014, the Red Sox traded Céspedes along with Alex Wilson and Gabe Speier to the Detroit Tigers for Rick Porcello. Céspedes played his first game with the Tigers during opening day against the Minnesota Twins on April 6, 2015, where he robbed Kurt Suzuki of a home run, leading to a 4–0 victory for the Tigers. Through June 13, Céspedes was hitting .308 with 9 home runs and 33 runs batted in. He was not selected as an All Star but was put in as a player on the All-Star Final Vote. Therefore, he could not compete in the home run derby after winning the two previous years.

paragraph: Céspedes won the American League Rawlings Gold Glove Award in left field. In 99 games for the Tigers, Céspedes had nine assists, 11 Defensive Runs Saved and a 15 Ultimate Zone Rating. He became only the second player in MLB history to win a Gold Glove Award after a mid-season trade between leagues, following Vic Power in 1964.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:New York Mets.:2015.

paragraph: On July 31, 2015, Céspedes was traded to the New York Mets for minor league pitchers Michael Fulmer and Luis Cessa. On August 21, Céspedes went 5 for 6 against the Colorado Rockies, hitting 3 home runs in a game for the first time. Céspedes finished a triple shy of the cycle. It was ranked the best offensive game of the season by ESPN.com. In his first 41 games with the Mets, Céspedes exploded, posting a .309 batting average, 17 home runs, 42 RBIs, and a .691 slugging percentage. His offensive explosion helped the Mets jump up to a 9.5 game lead over the Washington Nationals in the National League East as of September 14. Because of his efforts, Céspedes was awarded the NL Player of the Week Award for September 7 to the 13th. He batted .345, hit 4 home runs, scored 6 runs, and drove 12 RBI while posting a 1.263 OPS.

paragraph: In Game 3 of the National League Division Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, his three-hit, three-run, three-RBI performance, including a home run, helped the Mets take a 13–7 win and a 2–1 series lead. In Game 1 of the National League Championship Series against the Chicago Cubs, Céspedes threw Starlin Castro out at the plate, preserving a then 1–1 tie which the Mets won 4–2. In the sixth inning of Game 3, Céspedes caught the Cubs off-guard by stealing third base. He later scored the go-ahead run when Trevor Cahill's uncaught third strike allowed Michael Conforto to reach base safely.

paragraph: The World Series started inauspiciously for Céspedes when Kansas City leadoff hitter Alcides Escobar hit Matt Harvey's first pitch to centerfield, and Céspedes misplayed the ball, then booted it into left field, resulting in the first World Series inside-the-park home run since 1929. The Royals would eventually take the series 4-1. For the Series, Céspedes batted .150 with no extra base hits. At the end of the year, he became a free agent.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:New York Mets.:2016.

paragraph: On January 26, 2016, Céspedes re-signed with the Mets on a three-year, $75 million contract, with an opt-out after the first season. On April 26, Céspedes came off the bench against the Cincinnati Reds in the 7th inning and hit a first-pitch pinch-hit three-run homer to tie the game at 3. He had previously sat out the last few games due to a lingering leg injury. The Mets eventually won 4-3. His home run against the Chicago Cubs on June 30 tied for the longest in Citi Field history.

paragraph: On July 5, Céspedes was named to the National League roster for the 2016 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Petco Park, joining teammates Noah Syndergaard, Bartolo Colón, Jeurys Familia and Mets manager Terry Collins, but was later taken off the roster along with Syndergaard due to an injury. In August 2016, Céspedes was criticized for golfing while on the disabled list.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:New York Mets.:2017.

paragraph: Céspedes opted out of his contract with the Mets on November 3, 2016. The Mets then signed him to a four-year contract worth $110 million, with a no-trade clause on November 30, 2016.

paragraph: On April 11, Céspedes hit three home runs in a single game as the Mets won 14-4 over the Phillies. On April 27, Cespedes left the game after pulling his left hamstring, and on the same day, he was placed on the 10-day disabled list. His season ended early on August 25 when he strained his right hamstring against the Washington Nationals. He finished the 2017 season with a .292 batting average and 17 home runs in 81 games played.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:New York Mets.:2018.

paragraph: After Spring Training ended, Céspedes spoke confidently about the 2018 Mets, claiming that they were the 'best team he had been around'. On April 18, against the Nationals, Céspedes capped off a nine-run inning for the Mets with a grand slam. Cespedes batted .262 with nine home runs and 29 RBIs in 38 games in 2018, as his season ended with him undergoing surgery on both heels which would result in him missing 8-10 months.

paragraph: Section::::Major League Baseball.:New York Mets.:2019.

paragraph: On May 20, 2019, it was announced that Cespedes fractured his right ankle on his ranch, effectively ending his hopes of playing in 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Championships earned or shared

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3× Cuba national team gold medallist (2007 Pan Am Games, 2010 International Cup, 2010 World University)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2× Home Run Derby champion (2013, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- National League champion (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- All-World Baseball Classic Team (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- American League Rookie of the Month (Sept. 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2× MLB All-Star (2014, 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2× MLB Player of the Week (July 15, 2012; September 13, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rawlings Gold Glove Award at left field (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silver Slugger Award at outfield (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statistical leader

paragraph: BULLET::::- Assists at outfield leader (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2× Errors at left field leader (2014, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Total zone runs at left field leader (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Céspedes lives in Manhattan, New York, during the season, and has a ranch in Port St. Lucie, Florida during the off-season. He has a son, Yoenis Jr., whom he hasn't seen since he left Cuba, and is only able to talk to him on the phone. He has tried to get him into the United States. He also has a half-brother, Yoelkis.

paragraph: In 2014, Céspedes signed with Jay-Z's "Roc Nation Sports", a sports agency division of "Roc Nation". An exotic car owner, Céspedes arrived to 2016 Mets Spring Training with a variety of custom sports cars on display. His collection includes a custom 2016 Ford F-250, 2 custom Polaris Slingshots, a custom Lamborghini Aventador, an Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione, and a custom Jeep Wrangler all totaling a little under $1 million.

paragraph: Cespedes also bought a 270-pound hog from a local county fair while at 2016 Mets Spring Training. He reportedly paid $7,000 for it.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of baseball players who defected from Cuba

alias:
Yoenis Céspedes Milanés
Yoenis Cespedes Milanes
Yoenis Cespedes

description: Cuban baseball player

wikidata_label: Yoenis Céspedes

wikipedia_title: Yoenis Céspedes


text:
king
Urartu
Ishpuini
fortress
Menuakhinili
Mount Ararat
canal
irrigation
Menua Canal
Argishti I
Manazkert (Malazgirt)
List of kings of Urartu
Malazgirt

categories: Urartian kings,8th-century BC rulers,Year of death unknown,9th-century BC rulers,9th-century BC births

paragraph: Menua

paragraph: Menua () was the fifth known king of Urartu from c. 810 BC to approximately 786 BC. The name is sometimes written as "Menuas" or "Minua".

paragraph: A younger son of the preceding Urartuan King, Ishpuini, Menua was adopted as co-ruler by his father in the last years of his reign. Menua enlarged the kingdom through numerous wars against the neighbouring countries and left a large number of inscriptions across the region. He organized a centralised administrative structure, fortified a number of towns and constructed fortresses. Amongst these was Menuakhinili located on Mount Ararat. Menua developed a canal and irrigation system that stretched across the kingdom. One of those canals was a 50 kilometre canal, which was named the Menua Canal after the king. It flowed at a rate of 1500 to 3000 litres of water per second, depending on the time of the year. Several of these canals are still in use today.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his son, Argishti I.

paragraph: In Armenian, Menua is rendered as "Manavaz" ("Manaz"). It is believed that Menua founded the city of Manazkert (Malazgirt).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of kings of Urartu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malazgirt

description: King of Urartu

wikidata_label: Menua

wikipedia_title: Menua


text: German

text: Reformation

text: Martin Luther

text: Melanchthon

text: Goldberg

text: Silesia

text: Trozendorf

text: Görlitz

text: Upper Lusatia

text: University of Leipzig

text: Cicero

text: Latin

text: Peter Mosellanus

text: Greek

text: Richard Croke

text: indulgence

text: Wittenberg

text: rector

text: Liegnitz

text: Reformation

text: Roman Republic

text: Protestant

categories: German educational theorists,1490 births,People from Görlitz,1556 deaths

paragraph: Valentin Friedland

paragraph: Valentin Friedland (February 14, 1490April 26, 1556), also called Valentin Troitschendorf (or Trozendorf or Trotzendorf or Trocedorfius) after his birthplace, was an eminent German scholar and educationist of the Reformation. Friedland was a friend of Martin Luther and Melanchthon. His fame as a teacher was an attraction of Goldberg in Silesia, where he taught pupils from far and near. The secret of his success lay in his inculcating on his pupils respect for their own honour. He had a great faith in the intelligence that evinced itself in clear expression.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Friedland was born in Trozendorf near the town of Görlitz in Upper Lusatia, of parents so poor that they could not keep him at school. The boy taught himself to read and write while herding cattle; he made paper from birch bark and ink from soot. When difficulties were overcome and he was sent for education to Görlitz, his mother's last words were "Stick to the school, dear son". The words determined his career: he refused all ecclesiastical promotion, and lived and died a schoolmaster.

paragraph: Friedland became a distinguished student at the University of Leipzig, learned Ciceronian Latin from Peter Mosellanus and Greek from Richard Croke, and after graduation was appointed assistant master in the school at Görlitz in 1515. There he also taught the rector and other teachers. When Martin Luther began his attack on indulgences, Trotzendorff resigned his position and went to study under Luther and Melanchthon at Wittenberg, supporting himself by private tuition. Thence he was called to be a master in the school at Goldberg, and in 1524 became rector. There he remained three years, when he was sent to Liegnitz.

paragraph: Friedland returned to Goldberg in 1531 and began that career which has made him the typical German schoolmaster of the Reformation period. His system of education and discipline speedily attracted attention. He made his best elder scholars the teachers of the younger classes, and insisted that the way to learn was to teach. He organized the school modelled on the Roman Republic in such a way that the whole ordinary discipline was in the hands of the boys themselves. Every month a consul, twelve senators and two censors were chosen from the pupils, and over all Trotzendorff ruled as "dictator perpetuus". One hour a day was spent in going over the lessons of the previous day. The lessons were repeatedly recalled by examinations, which were conducted on the plan of academical disputations. Every week each pupil had to write two "exercitia styli", one in prose and the other in verse, and Trotzendorff took pains to see that the subject of each exercise was something interesting. The fame of the Goldberg School extended over all Protestant Germany, and a large number of the more famous men of the following generation were taught by Trotzendorf.

paragraph: After Friedland's school, his library, his assets, and the greater part of Goldberg were destroyed by a fire in 1554, he moved again to Liegnitz at the invitation of the duke there. His school, now with a significantly reduced number of pupils, found a place in a church. He gathered the means for rebuilding the school in Goldberg, but died before this was accomplished, in 1556.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- . Provides the narrative on the fire.

paragraph: Attribution:

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kościół Ewangelicko-Augsburski: Valentin Trozendorf

description: German educationist

wikidata_label: Valentin Friedland

wikipedia_title: Valentin Friedland


text:
king
Urartu
Erebuni
Armenia
Yerevan
Menua
Assyria
Shalmaneser IV
Syria
Hittite
Asia Minor
Lake Sevan
Diauehi
Ararat
Argishtikhinili
Sarduri II
Indo-European
Armenian
Armenian
proto-Armenian
Classical Armenian
List of kings of Urartu
Erebouni at Armenica.org
Erebuni - Cuneiform Foundations

categories: City founders,8th-century BC rulers,Yerevan,Urartian kings

paragraph: Argishti I of Urartu

paragraph: Argishti I (), was the sixth known king of Urartu, reigning from 786 BC to 764 BC. He founded the citadel of Erebuni in 782 BC, which is the present capital of Armenia, Yerevan. Alternate transliterations of the name include "Argishtis", "Argisti", "Argišti", and "Argishtish". Although the name is usually rendered as "Argišti" (read: "Argishti"), some scholars argue that "Argisti" is the most likely pronunciation. This is due to the belief that the Urartians used the cuneiform symbol "š" to voice an "s"-sound, as opposed to representing the diagraph "sh".

paragraph: A son and the successor of Menua, he continued the series of conquests initiated by his predecessors. He was involved in a number of inconclusive conflicts with the Assyrian king Shalmaneser IV. He conquered the northern part of Syria and made Urartu the most powerful state in post-Hittite Asia Minor. He also expanded his kingdom north to Lake Sevan, conquering much of Diauehi and the Ararat Valley. Argishti built the Erebuni Fortress in 782 BC, and the fortress of Argishtikhinili in 776 BC.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his son Sarduri II.

paragraph: Linguists believe that the name "Argishti" has Indo-European etymology (Armenian). Compare Armenian արեգ (translit. "areg") – “sun deity”, “sun”, Phrygian ΑΡΕJΑΣΤΙΝ (translit. "Areyastin") - “epithet of the great mother” and Ancient Greek αργεστής (translit. "argestes") - “shining”, “brilliant”, “white”, “bright”. "Ti" ("Di") meant "god" in proto-Armenian (compare with Classical Armenian "Dik"').

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of kings of Urartu

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. Adontz, "Histoire d'Arménie. Les origines", Paris, 1946

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erebouni at Armenica.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erebuni - Cuneiform Foundations

description: King of Urartu

wikidata_label: Argishti I of Urartu

wikipedia_title: Argishti I of Urartu


text: volleyball

text: Nantes Rezé Métropole Volley

text: Czech national team

categories: 1991 births,Czech men's volleyball players,Living people,Czech expatriates in France

paragraph: Matyáš Démar

paragraph: Matyáš Démar (born 1 October 1991) is a Czech volleyball player for Nantes Rezé Métropole Volley and the Czech national team.

paragraph: He participated at the 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship.

description: Czech volleyball player

wikidata_label: Matyáš Démar

wikipedia_title: Matyáš Démar


text:
FRSE
Closeburn Castle
Rev James Stuart Menteath
Granville Wheler
Royal Society of Edinburgh
John Leslie
John Playfair
Robert Jameson
Edinburgh's Second New Town
James Stuart Menteath
FRSE
Earl of Mar and Kellie
Patrick Miller of Dalswinton

categories: Members of the Faculty of Advocates,People from Dumfries and Galloway,1847 deaths,Scottish landowners,1769 births,Scottish lawyers,Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

paragraph: Charles Granville Stuart Menteath

paragraph: Sir Charles Granville Stuart Menteath of Closeburn and Mansfield FRSE FSA (1769–1847) was a Scottish advocate and landowner.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born at Closeburn Castle on 15 May 1769, the son of Rev James Stuart Menteath and Catherine Maria Wheler, daughter of rev Granville Wheler. He trained as a lawyer and qualified as an advocate in 1794.

paragraph: In 1815 Menteath was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John Leslie, John Playfair, and Robert Jameson.

paragraph: He was created a baronet on 11 August 1838.

paragraph: In later years he spent much time at his townhouse at 27 Abercromby Place in Edinburgh's Second New Town.

paragraph: Menteath died on 3 December 1847.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1791 he married Ludwina (or Ludivina) O'Loughnan (d.1859).

paragraph: Their six children included Sir James Stuart Menteath FRSE.

paragraph: His daughter Philadelphia Stuart Menteath married John Francis Miller-Erskine, the Earl of Mar and Kellie, maternal grandson of Patrick Miller of Dalswinton.

paragraph: Section::::Artistic Recognition.

paragraph: He was caricatured by Benjamin Crombie in the early 19th century.

wikidata_label: Charles Granville Stuart Menteath

wikipedia_title: Charles Granville Stuart Menteath


text:
Ira!
Ultraje a Rigor
Kid Abelha
Os Paralamas do Sucesso
Lobão
Guilherme Arantes

categories: 1962 births,Brazilian drummers,Brazilian guitarists,Living people

paragraph: Edgard Scandurra

paragraph: Edgard José Scandurra Pereira (born 5 February 1962) is a Brazilian singer, composer, guitar player, drummer and musical director, who is a member of the Brazilian rock band Ira!.

paragraph: Before joining Ira!, Edgard was a member of Ultraje a Rigor. He has also made several guest appearances with other Brazilian bands and artists such as Kid Abelha, Vange Milliet, Os Paralamas do Sucesso, Vespas Mandarinas, Lobão and Guilherme Arantes.

description: Brazilian composer

wikidata_label: Edgard Scandurra

wikipedia_title: Edgard Scandurra


text:
Minamoto
Minamoto no Yoshitomo
Heiji Rebellion
Miura no Yoshiaki
Minamoto no Yoshitsune
Noriyori
Yoritomo
Minamoto no Yoshishige
Minamoto no Yoshinaka
Kyoto
Heiji Rebellion
Taira
Minamoto
Taira no Kiyomori

paragraph: Minamoto no Yoshihira

paragraph: Minamoto no Yoshihira (源 義平) (1140–1160) was a Minamoto clan warrior who fought alongside his father, Minamoto no Yoshitomo, in the Heiji Rebellion.

paragraph: Section::::Story.

paragraph: His mother was the daughter of Miura no Yoshiaki, thus indicating the close ties between the two families. His brothers were Minamoto Tomonaga (also killed during the Heiji rebellion), Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Noriyori and Yoritomo. He married the daughter of Minamoto no Yoshishige, Shojuhime.

paragraph: In 1155, Yoshihira killed his uncle, Minamoto no Yoshikata, the father of Minamoto no Yoshinaka.

paragraph: Then, in 1159, Yoshihira was sent to Kyoto to fight in the Heiji Rebellion (January 19 to February 15, 1160). The Taira offered to make a peace agreement, but the Minamoto refused, and were soon defeated. Yoshihira succeeded to flee, then attempted to avenge his father by killing a Taira leader by coming back secretly to Kyoto, but he was betrayed, soon captured and decapitated by Taira no Kiyomori, the head of the enemy faction.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The majority of this article is simply a translation from the article."

description: samurai of the late Heian period

wikidata_label: Minamoto no Yoshihira

wikipedia_title: Minamoto no Yoshihira


text:
Silver City, Idaho
The Ballad of Little Jo
Buffalo, New York
Idaho
cowboy
Oregon
Owyhee County
livery
Succor Creek
Silver City
Boise River
Desperate Women

categories: Businesspeople from Buffalo, New York,Cowboys,1850 births,American folklore,1904 deaths

paragraph: Little Joe Monahan

paragraph: Joe "Little Joe" Monahan (1850–1904), born Johanna Monahan, was an American businessman who worked in various prospecting and cattle industries around Silver City, Idaho, under an assumed masculine name and identity. The revelation of Joe's sex became a sensationalized national news story after his death in 1904. His life was the subject of the 1993 film "The Ballad of Little Jo".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Monahan is believed to have been born as Johanna Monahan in Buffalo, New York, in 1850, and to have moved to Idaho in 1867. Raised in a foster home from the age of eight, Monahan left for the West at 14 years old. Because his identity was obscured until his death in 1904, the circumstances of his birth are unclear, and census records suggest he may have been born as Mary Manumon, though the family also had a young servant girl, Johanna Burke. Accounts to journalists after his death claimed that Monahan's mother dressed the young child in boy's clothing in early childhood to sell newspapers on the street.

paragraph: Section::::As Joe Monahan.

paragraph: Monahan had spent his early years in Idaho as a cowboy, and briefly lived in Oregon before returning to Owyhee County, where an 1898 census listed him as a cattle rancher. Monahan was said to have worked in the livery business, then a sawmill, and later saved several thousand dollars in mining, which were stolen in an investment fraud. Monahan voted in an 1880 Republican primary despite women being denied the vote at the time.

paragraph: Monahan lived on Succor Creek, near Silver City, in a small home with dirt floors, raising pigs and chickens. He is listed in three Idaho census inquiries. All identified Monahan as a male, with one marked with an asterisk with the remark "doubtful sex." Locals remarked that they were aware that Monahan was female, but Monahan never confirmed it when questioned, and the issue was rarely raised. In a letter to the Buffalo police chief seeking next of kin, a local resident remarked that, "He had fought his way through with many of us ... suffered hardship and hunger in early days and never whimpered ... the cowboys treated him with the greatest respect, and he was always welcome to eat and sleep at their camps."

paragraph: Monahan fell ill in 1903 after a winter cattle drive on the Boise River and died in 1904. At this point, townspeople discovered his sex, which was widely reported in the media of the day including an exposé in the "American Journal Examiner".

paragraph: Section::::Media.

paragraph: Monahan's story became a popular story in Western magazines starting in the 1950s. Barbara Lebow wrote a play, "Little Joe Monaghan", in 1981. In 1993, a movie, "The Ballad of Little Jo", was loosely based on Monahan's life story.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horan, James D., "Desperate Women" (G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1952), pp 305-310

paragraph: BULLET::::- More, Kate; Whittle, Stephen, "Reclaiming Genders" (A&C Black, 1999), pp 47

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bragg, Lynn E., "More Than Petticoats" (The Globe Pequot Press, 2001), pp 51-59

wikidata_label: Little Joe Monahan

wikipedia_title: Little Joe Monahan


href: Ancient%20Greek Monarch Sparta eponym Agiad%20dynasty Eurysthenes Eurypontid genealogy Aristodemus Aristomachus%20%28Heracleidae%29 Cleodaeus Hyllus Heracles Helos Eurysthenes helots Crete Eusebius%20of%20Caesarea Apollodorus%20of%20Athens Echestratus

text:
Greek
king
Sparta
eponym
Agiad dynasty
Eurysthenes
Eurypontid
genealogy
Aristodemus
Aristomachus
Cleodaeus
Hyllus
Heracles
Helos
Eurysthenes
helots
Crete
Eusebius
Apollodorus of Athens
Echestratus

categories: 10th-century BC Greek people,10th-century BC rulers,900 BC deaths,Year of birth unknown,Agiad kings of Sparta

paragraph: Agis I

paragraph: Agis I (Greek: ) was a king of Sparta and eponym of the Agiad dynasty. He was the son of Eurysthenes, first monarch of this dynasty, which ruled the city along with the Eurypontids.

paragraph: His genealogy was traced through Aristodemus, Aristomachus, Cleodaeus and Hyllus all the way to Heracles, and he belongs to mythology rather than to history. Tradition ascribed to him the capture of the maritime town of Helos, which resisted his attempt to curtail its guaranteed rights (which had originally been granted by Eurysthenes). The inhabitants of the town attempted to shake off the yoke, but they were subdued, and gave rise and name to the Spartan class of serfs called helots. To his reign was referred the colony which went to Crete under Pollis and Delphus.

paragraph: According to Eusebius he reigned only one year; according to Apollodorus of Athens, as it appears, about 31 years.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his son Echestratus.

description: King of Sparta

wikidata_label: Agis I

wikipedia_title: Agis I


text:
Eudamidas II
Eurypontid
Sparta
Sparta
distribution of wealth
homoioi
Epitadeus
debt
Lycurgus
Perioikoi
Agesilaus
victor
Aegospotami
Mandrocleides
ephor
Leonidas II
Agiad
Seleucus II Callinicus
Tegea
bonds
securities
Agesilaus
Achaean League
Aetolian League
Aratus of Sicyon
Athena
Chalcioecus
Poseidon
Apollo
Taenarum
mercenaries
strangulation
Archidameia
Pausanias
Cleomenes III
Phylarchus
Plutarch
Eudamidas III
Agis
John Home

categories: 260s BC births,3rd-century BC Spartans,3rd-century BC executions,3rd-century BC rulers,Executed ancient Greek people,241 BC deaths,Eurypontid kings of Sparta

paragraph: Agis IV

paragraph: Agis IV (; c. 265 BC – 241 BC), the elder son of Eudamidas II, was the 25th king of the Eurypontid dynasty of Sparta. Posterity has reckoned him an idealistic but impractical monarch.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: Agis succeeded his father as king in 245 BC, at around the age of 20, and reigned four years. The interest of his reign, however, derived from the domestic crisis of Sparta at the time of his succession. According to sources, the influx of wealth and luxury, with their concomitant vices, led to the Spartan way of life degenerating from the ancient simplicity and severity of manners, and an extreme inequality in the distribution of wealth. Fewer than 700 families of the genuine Spartan stock (i.e. full citizens or "homoioi") remained, and in consequence of the innovation introduced by Epitadeus, who procured a repeal of the law which secured to every Spartan head of a family an equal portion of land, the landed property had passed into the hands of very few individuals, so that fewer than 100 Spartan families held estates, while the poor were greatly burdened with debt.

paragraph: Section::::Reforms.

paragraph: Agis, who from his earliest youth had shown his attachment to the ancient discipline, undertook to reform these abuses, and re-establish the institutions of Lycurgus. To this end he proposed the abolition of all debts and a new partition of the lands. Another part of his plan was to give landed estates to the "Perioikoi". His schemes were warmly seconded by the poorer classes and the young men, and as strenuously opposed by the wealthy. He succeeded, however, in gaining over three very influential persons: his uncle Agesilaus (a man of large property, but who, being deeply involved in debt, hoped to profit by the innovations of Agis), Lysander (a descendant of the victor of Aegospotami) and Mandrocleides. Having arranged for Lysander to be elected one of the six ephors, he laid his plans before the senate. He proposed that the Spartan territory should be divided into two portions, one to consist of 4500 equal lots, to be divided amongst the Spartans, whose ranks were to be filled up by the admission of the most respectable of the "Perioikoi" and resident aliens; the other to contain 15,000 equal lots, to be divided amongst the remaining "Perioikoi".

paragraph: The senate could not at first come to a decision on the matter. Lysander, therefore, convened the assembly of the people, to whom Agis submitted his measure, and offered to make the first sacrifice, by giving up his own lands and money, telling them that his mother, Agesistrate, and grandmother, who were both possessed of great wealth, with all his relations and friends, would follow his example. His generosity drew the applause of the multitude. The opposite party, however, headed by Leonidas II, Agis' Agiad co-monarch, who had formed his habits at the luxurious court of Seleucus II Callinicus, got the senate to reject the measure, though only by one vote. Agis decided to rid himself of Leonidas. Lysander accordingly accused him of having violated the laws by marrying a stranger and living in a foreign land. Leonidas was deposed, and was succeeded by his son-in-law, Cleombrotus, who cooperated with Agis.

paragraph: Section::::Loss of support.

paragraph: Soon afterwards, however, Lysander's term of office expired, and the ephors of the following year were opposed to Agis, and looked to restore Leonidas. They brought an accusation against Lysander and Mandrocleides, of attempting to violate the laws. Alarmed at the turn events were taking, these two convinced the king to take the unprecedented step of deposing the ephors by force and to appoint others in their stead. Leonidas, who had returned to the city, fled again, to Tegea, protected from Agis by Agesilaus, who persuaded Agis and Lysander that the most effective way to secure the consent of the wealthy to the distribution of their lands, would be to begin by cancelling the debts. Accordingly, the debts were cancelled, and all bonds, registers, and securities were piled up in the market place and burned.

paragraph: Agesilaus, having achieved his goal, contrived various pretexts for delaying the division of the lands. Meanwhile, the Achaean League applied to Sparta for assistance against the Aetolian League. Agis was accordingly sent at the head of an army. The cautious movements of the Achaean leader, Aratus of Sicyon, gave Agis no opportunity to distinguish himself in battle, but he gained great credit by the excellent discipline he preserved among his troops. During his absence Agesilaus so angered the poorer classes by the continued postponement of the division of the lands, that they made no opposition when the enemies of Agis openly brought back Leonidas II and set him on the throne. Agis and Cleombrotus fled for sanctuary, the former to the temple of Athena Chalcioecus in Sparta, the latter to the temple of Poseidon (or Apollo) at Taenarum.

paragraph: Section::::Execution and legacy.

paragraph: Cleombrotus was allowed to go into exile; he escaped death only because of the influence of his wife, Leonidas' daughter Chilonis. In 241 Agis was betrayed by some friends and thrown into prison. Leonidas immediately came with a band of mercenaries and secured the prison, while the ephors entered it and went through the mockery of a trial. When asked if he did not repent of what he had attempted, Agis replied that he should never repent of so great a design, even in the face of death. He was condemned, and quickly executed by strangulation, the ephors fearing a rescue, as a great crowd of people had assembled around the prison gates.

paragraph: Agis, observing that one of his executioners was moved to tears, said, "Weep not for me: suffering, as I do, unjustly, I am in a happier case than my murderers." His mother Agesistrate and his grandmother Archidameia were strangled on his body. Agis was the first king of Sparta to have been put to death by the ephors. Pausanias, who, however, is undoubtedly wrong, says that he fell in battle. His widow Agiatis was forcibly married by Leonidas to his son Cleomenes III, but nevertheless the two developed for each other a mutual affection and esteem.

paragraph: Considered by many writers too weak and good-natured to cope with the problems which confronted him, Agis was characterized by a sincerity of purpose and a blend of youthful modesty with royal dignity, which render him perhaps the most attractive figure in the whole of Spartan history. His life and death caught the romantic imagination of several ancient writers. He is the subject of a lost biography by Phylarchus, which was apparently very heavily relied upon by Plutarch when he wrote his own biography of the king.

paragraph: Agis was succeeded by his son Eudamidas III.

paragraph: Section::::Agis IV in fiction.

paragraph: Agis is the main character in the book "Król Agis" ("King Agis") by the Polish writer Halina Rudnicka. He is also mentioned in the two other books by Halina Rudnicka: "Syn Heraklesa" ("Heracles' son") and "Heros w okowach" ("Hero in manacles"). Moreover, he is the main character in the book "Αγις" ("Agis") by the Greek writer Lili Mavrokefalou.

paragraph: Agis also appears in the play "Agis", a blank verse tragedy by the Scottish dramatist John Home.

description: King of Sparta

enwikiquote_title: Agis IV

wikidata_label: Agis IV

wikipedia_title: Agis IV


text: Hungarian

text: Albert II of Germany

text: Ladislaus the Posthumous

text: German

text: kammerfrau

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth of Luxembourg

text: royal

text: succession

text: plot

text: Sopron County

text: Sopron

text: Vienna

text: St. Stephen's Cathedral

text: servants

text: Albert II of Germany

text: Duke of Austria

text: Elizabeth

text: Habsburg

text: Anne

text: Elizabeth

text: suffix

text: court

text: Crown of St. Stephen

text: crown

text: Hungarian

text: Visegrád

text: political

text: Danube

text: cross

text: castle

text: Komorn

text: Ladislaus the Posthumous

text: Holy Crown

text: Plintenburg

text: Komorn

text: Holy Crown of Saint Stephen

text: king of Hungary

text: nobles

text: king of Poland

text: Kisfalud

text: John Hunyadi

text: Matthias Corvinus

text: online

text: Digital edition (Mollay 1971)

categories: 15th-century births,Hungarian-German people,Hungarian writers in German,15th-century Austrian women,15th-century women writers,15th-century Austrian writers,15th-century Hungarian writers,Hungarian ladies-in-waiting,15th-century writers,Medieval Hungarian women writers,Medieval Austrian women writers,Austrian women writers,15th-century Hungarian women,People from Sopron,Hungarian women writers

paragraph: Helene Kottanner

paragraph: Helene Kottanner (née Wolfram; or "Kottanner Jánosné"; c. 1400 – after 1470) was a Hungarian courtier and writer. Her last name is spelled variously as Kottanner, Kottanerin, or Kottannerin. She is primarily known to history as the author of memoirs about the years 1439 and 1440, when king Albert II of Germany died and his son Ladislaus the Posthumous was born. Kottanner, who dictated her life story in German, was a kammerfrau to Queen Elizabeth of Luxembourg (1409–1442). She also assisted Queen Elisabeth in a royal succession plot.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Helene "née" Wolfram was born in the 1400s into a minor noble family of German ancestry from the region of Sopron County. Her father was Peter Wolfram, who was still alive in 1435. Her unidentified mother lived in Sopron and was last mentioned as a living person by contemporary records in 1442. Helene understood, but did not speak Hungarian.

paragraph: Kottanner married twice and bore three children. Her first husband was Peter Székeles (or Gelusch), a notable patrician in Sopron. He was already a member of the local magistrate in 1402. He served as mayor of the town from 1408 until at least 1421. He died in 1430 or 1431. They had a son, William, who lived in Austria and was involved in a lawsuit over a meadow in Sopron in 1435. Because of his illness, he did not present before the court personally, but represented by his stepfather and maternal grandfather. William was still alive in 1437.

paragraph: After Székeles' death, Helene married Johann Kottanner, a burgher from Vienna, in 1432. During that time, Johann was chamberlain of the St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. According to historian Karl Uhlirz, he has reached the age of majority only in 1426, thus Helene was approximately six years older than her second husband. Their marriage produced more children, including a daughter Catherine. By 1436, both Kottanner and her second husband were servants of Albert II of Germany, the then Duke of Austria, and his wife Elizabeth. Kottanner's role in this royal Habsburg household was nanny to princesses Anne and Elizabeth, the children of Albert and Elizabeth. Note that, according to the contemporary German custom of calling a wife or sometimes daughter, the alternative names ending in "-in" amount to adding a feminine suffix to her husband's name.

paragraph: Section::::Theft of the Hungarian Crown.

paragraph: Kottanner, later a member of Elizabeth's court, wrote a memoir around 1451 entitled "Denkwürdigkeiten" (= "Reminiscences") in which she provides a first-person account of the theft of the Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen on 20 February 1440. This was an action in which she participated at the request of Queen Elisabeth, widow of King Albert. This crown was considered holy by the Hungarian people. It was then stored at the Hungarian stronghold of Visegrád.

paragraph: Kottanner noted in her memoir that she exposed herself and her family to great danger by assisting the queen in her efforts to obtain the crown. In an atmosphere of political intrigue, where death was a common punishment for many crimes, Kottanner apparently had reservations concerning the advisibility of the queen's request: "The queen's request frightened me, for it meant great danger for me and my little children." In her writing she describes how she prayed for success and promised to make a barefoot pilgrimage to Zell. At least two assistants accompanied Helene, who did the breaking in while Kottanner kept watch. After they got the crown without attracting attention, they locked the doors again and fixed the queen's seal.

paragraph: The crown was smuggled out of Visegrád inside a pillow. Kottanner took the crown with her in her sledge and she described worrying about the ice on the Danube breaking as she crossed it. The golden cross on top of the crown was however bent as they fled, and is still visible in this condition today.

paragraph: Kottanner then brought the crown secretly to Elizabeth, who was hiding from her enemies at the castle of Komorn. She witnessed the birth of Ladislaus the Posthumous, who in her eyes was the natural heir to the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia.

paragraph: Kottanner noted in her memoir that the timing had been close: "Within the same hour in which the Holy Crown arrived from Plintenburg in Komorn, within that same hour King Laszlo was born." She further stated in her memoir that she thought that this was clearly God's will at work.

paragraph: Section::::A new king is crowned.

paragraph: Elizabeth promised Kottanner a reward in return for her actions in obtaining the Holy Crown of Saint Stephen. At this time, only the owner of the royal insignia was considered legitimate king of Hungary. This was an important distinction since the Hungarian nobles voted for the coronation of the 16-year-old king of Poland. With his help they hoped to defend themselves better against the Turks' attacks against the Hungarian kingdom.

paragraph: When finally both attendants were crowned kings of Hungary at the same time, the Polish king gathered his forces against Ladislaus the Posthumous. The royal family now separated for their own safety: While the queen tried to rescue the holy crown from the approaching Polish army, Kottanner fled with the infant king.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Helene Kottanner and her husband were granted the village of Kisfalud (present-day Vieska, Slovakia) and its accessories by Regent John Hunyadi in March 1452, for their loyal service of Ladislaus V. Hunyadi's son, King Matthias Corvinus confirmed the land donation in November 1466, and also in February 1470. Helene Kottanner died thereafter.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gwen Diehn: "Helene Kottanner's Memoirs." Woodcut, letterpress, and watercolor on handmade paper. Published by the artist and NMWA, Washington DC, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Graeme Dunphy, "Perspicax ingenium mihi collatum est: Strategies of authority in chronicles written by women", in Juliana Dresvina, "Authority and Gender in Medieval and Renaissance Chronicles", Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Cambridge, 2012 (online).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maya C. Bijvoet, Helene Kottanner: "The Austrian Chambermaid. In: Katharina M. Wilson (ed.), Women Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation." Athens, Georgia/London 1987, 327-349.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Mollay (Hrsg.): "Die Denkwürdigkeiten der Helene Kottannerin (1439–1440)." Vienna 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albrecht Classen: "The power of a woman's voice in medieval and early modern literatures. New approaches to German and European women writers and to violence against women in premodern times." Berlin 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Schmid: "Raumkonzepte und Inszenierung von Räumen in Helene Kottanners Bericht von der Geburt und Krönung des Königs Ladislaus Postumus (1440–1457)." In: Ursula Kundert, Barbara Schmid, Regula Schmid (Hrsg.): "Ausmessen-Darstellen-Inszenieren. Raumkonzepte und die Wiedergabe von Räumen in Mittelalter und früher Neuzeit." Zürich 2007, S. 113–138.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Schmid: "Ein Augenzeugenbericht im Dienst politischer Werbung. Helene Kottanner, Kammerfrau am Hof König Albrechts II., und ihre Schrift von der Geburt und Krönung Ladislaus’ Postumus." In: Barbara Schmid: "Schreiben für Status und Herrschaft. Deutsche Autobiographik in Spätmittelalter und früher Neuzeit." Zürich 2006, S. 132–140.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andreas Rüther: "Königsmacher und Kammerfrau im weiblichen Blick. Der Kampf um die ungarische Krone (1439/40) in der Wahrnehmung von Helene Kottaner." In: Jörg Rogge (Hrsg.): "Fürstin und Fürst. Familienbeziehungen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten von hochadeligen Frauen im Mittelalter." Ostfildern 2004, S. 225–247.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horst Wenzel: "Zwei Frauen rauben eine Krone. Die denkwürdigen Erfahrungen der Helene Kottannerin (1439–1440) am Hof der Königin Elisabeth von Ungarn (1409–1442)." In: Regina Schulte (Hrsg.): "Der Körper der Königin. Geschlecht und Herrschaft in der höfischen Welt seit 1500." Frankfurt 2002, S. 27–48.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sabine Schmolinsky: "Zwischen politischer Funktion und Rolle der «virgo docta»: Weibliche Selbstzeugnisse im 15. Jahrhundert." In: "Fifteenth Century Studies." Band 24, 1998, S. 63–73.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Digital edition (Mollay 1971) "german"

paragraph: BULLET::::- English translation, Bijvoet Williamson 1987 (Blurb)

description: Hungarian woman writer

wikidata_label: Helene Kottannerin

wikipedia_title: Helene Kottanner


text:
Colombia
Simón Bolívar
Campaña Admirable
Bárbula Hill
Girardot, Cundinamarca
Girardot Municipality, Aragua
Atanasio Girardot Sports Complex
Medellin

categories: Colombian military personnel killed in action,People of the Venezuelan War of Independence,Colombian revolutionaries,1791 births,1813 deaths

paragraph: Atanasio Girardot

paragraph: Manuel Atanasio Girardot Díaz (2 May 1791 – 30 September 1813) was a Colombian revolutionary leader.

paragraph: Son of Louis Girardot, wealthy merchant and French miner, Girardot fought with Simón Bolívar in the "Campaña Admirable" and other battles. He died during the Battle of Bárbula, trying to plant the republican flag on Bárbula Hill.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Various places have been named in tribute to him:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Girardot, Cundinamarca, Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Girardot Municipality, Aragua, Venezuela

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atanasio Girardot Sports Complex in Medellin

description: Colombian revolutionary

wikidata_label: Atanasio Girardot

wikipedia_title: Atanasio Girardot


text: football

text: Scotland

text: Clydebank

text: Ayr United

text: England

text: Wigan Athletic

text: Division Two

text: Division One

text: top flight

text: 2006 Football League Cup Final

text: Derby County

text: Plymouth Argyle

text: Barnsley

text: Sheffield Wednesday

text: St Mirren

text: Scottish League Cup

text: Scotland

text: caps

text: Glasgow

text: Clydebank

text: Davie Cooper

text: Scottish League Cup

text: Motherwell

text: St Mirren

text: 1996–97 season

text: Scotland under-21s

text: Tottenham Hotspur

text: Newcastle United

text: Second Division

text: 1997–98 season

text: Ian McCall

text: First Division

text: Ayr United

text: Falkirk

text: Scottish Cup

text: Kilmarnock

text: Andy Walker

text: Gordon Marshall

text: Wigan Athletic

text: Oldham Athletic

text: Notts County

text: Second Division

text: 2002–03 season

text: 2004–05 season

text: Premiership

text: Manchester United

text: Derby County

text: Billy Davies

text: Premiership

text: Sheffield Wednesday

text: Hull City

text: W.B.A

text: 2007 playoff final

text: 2007–08 season

text: Championship

text: Plymouth Argyle

text: Paul Jewell

text: Paul Sturrock

text: Leeds United

text: 2008–09 season

text: Barnsley

text: Nigel Clough

text: Motherwell

text: Plymouth Argyle

text: Tealinho

text: Peterborough United

text: Nottingham Forest

text: St Mirren

text: Hillsborough

text: Dumbarton

text: David Barron

text: 2012–13 Scottish League Cup

text: Heart of Midlothian

text: 2013 Scottish League Cup Final

text: Hampden Park

text: Esmaël Gonçalves

text: player-coach

text: Tommy Craig

text: Ian Murray

text: Scotland under-21s

text: Latvia

text: Scotland national football team

text: cap

text: Switzerland

text: Euro 2008 qualifying campaign

text: George Burley

text: Russell Anderson

text: Scottish Football League First Division

text: Football League Second Division

text: Football League Championship

text: Football League Cup

text: Football League Championship playoffs

text: Scottish League Cup

text: Kirin Cup

categories: Scottish Professional Football League players,Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players,Derby County F.C. players,Association football wingers,St Mirren F.C. players,Ayr United F.C. players,English Football League players,1978 births,Scottish footballers,Scotland B international footballers,Premier League players,Barnsley F.C. players,Scotland international footballers,Scotland under-21 international footballers,St Mirren F.C. managers,Plymouth Argyle F.C. players,Wigan Athletic F.C. players,Scottish Football League players,Scottish football managers,Living people,Scottish Premier League players,Clydebank F.C. players

paragraph: Gary Teale

paragraph: Gary Stewart Teale (born 21 July 1978) is a Scottish professional football player and coach.

paragraph: Teale started his career in Scotland in 1995 with Clydebank before spending three years with Ayr United. He moved to England in 2001 when he signed for Wigan Athletic and played an important part in the Wigan side that rose from the third tier (Division Two) to second (Division One) for the first time in the club's history and then went one step further to reach the top flight. Whilst at Wigan he started in the 2006 Football League Cup Final. He then left for Championship side Derby County where he achieved promotion to the Premier League for the second time, although Teale was not a member of the matchday 16 for the 2007 Football League Championship play-off Final. During his time at Derby, he spent time on loan with Plymouth Argyle and Barnsley.

paragraph: After three years and over 100 appearances for the club, Teale left Derby in June 2010 to sign for Sheffield Wednesday. Teale then moved to St Mirren in 2011, and he helped them win the Scottish League Cup in 2013. He became St Mirren manager in 2014, but left this position after the club were relegated in May 2015. Teale represented Scotland at international level, winning 13 caps for his country between 2006 and 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Early career.

paragraph: Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Teale began his career at Clydebank. As a youth player he spent time training with Davie Cooper, who Teale felt had a major influence on his development and career. In 1995, he made his debut at the age of 16 in a Scottish League Cup match against Motherwell. During his first season at the club, he made most of his appearances as a substitute, and scored his first goal for the club towards the end of the season in a 2–1 win against St Mirren. In the summer of 1996, Clydebank were forced to take several cost-cutting measures, leaving Teale as one of only two players on full-time contracts at the club. He became a first team regular at the start of the 1996–97 season, and his impressive performances earned him a call up to the Scotland under-21s. Later in the season, he was given trials at Tottenham Hotspur and Newcastle United, but a move failed to materialise. He finished the season with six goals as the club were relegated to the Second Division. In October 1997, Teale was involved a car crash, later admitting that he was "lucky to be alive". The incident left him with a broken collarbone, and did not feature in the team until the end of the following month. He struggled to maintain his place in the first team during the 1997–98 season, starting in only 13 of 27 league appearances, and at one point was dropped from the team by manager Ian McCall "in the hope it would give him a kick up the backside." Clydebank finished the season as runners-up in the league, regaining promotion to the First Division.

paragraph: In October 1998, due to Clydebank's growing financial difficulties, Teale was sold to Ayr United for a fee of £70,000, a signing described by McCall as "a Christmas bargain in October." Although there was interest from several English clubs, Teale opted to remain in Scotland as he felt he was not yet ready to leave his home country. He made his debut in a 2–0 win against St Mirren, and scored his first goal for the club on his home debut two weeks later in a 4–2 win against Falkirk. He played a pivotal role in a 3–0 Scottish Cup victory at home to local rivals Kilmarnock in 1999, winning a late penalty which was converted by Andy Walker, a goal that has gone down in history due to the humiliating manner in which Gordon Marshall the Kilmarnock goalkeeper was beaten.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Wigan Athletic.

paragraph: In 2001, Teale signed for Wigan Athletic for an initial fee of £275,000, which rose to £400,000 due to subsequent additional payments. He made his debut a day later against Oldham Athletic and scored his first goal for the club on 19 February 2002 in a 3–1 win against Notts County. He picked up a Second Division winners medal for the 2002–03 season.

paragraph: In the 2004–05 season Wigan were promoted into the Premiership for the first time in their history, after which Teale signed a new two-year contract with the club. He also helped Wigan reach their first ever major cup final when they finished runners-up to Manchester United in 2006. Teale was the only player to feature in every match during the cup run, and played the full 90 minutes of the final itself. He eventually left Wigan after six years at the club to join Derby County for £600,000 on 11 January 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Derby County.

paragraph: Teale was brought to Derby by Billy Davies to sustain Derby's push towards the Premiership and made his debut in a 1–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday on 13 January 2007, scoring his first goal with the opener in a 2–2 draw with Hull City on 10 February 2007. Despite this, he failed to hold a regular place in the Derby first team towards the end of the season and failed to make the squad for Derby's 1–0 win over W.B.A in the 2007 playoff final which earned Derby promotion.

paragraph: Teale found himself in and out of the starting line up as Derby struggled to adapt to the top flight and despite playing a part in 22 games, primarily as substitute, over the 2007–08 season, he was loaned out to Championship side Plymouth Argyle by new Derby boss Paul Jewell until the end of the 2007–08 season because he needed to 'regain some confidence' Teale's loan spell at Plymouth impressed Arygle boss Paul Sturrock enough for him to want to sign the player on a permanent basis, though he was reluctant to meet Derby's £500,000 asking price. Teale was also believed to be interesting Leeds United in the 2008–09 pre-season, who would offer £400,000.

paragraph: The 2008–09 season started in similar fashion as he was loaned out to Barnsley on a month's emergency loan deal, where he played three games. Upon his return to Derby Teale again sporadically appeared. However, with the resignation of Jewell and the appointment of Nigel Clough, Teale began to get a run in Derby's first eleven earning many accolades, with his form improving to the extent that it prevented a loan move to Motherwell in the January 2009. He got his second goal for the club, and his first career goal for two years on 7 February 2009 with the opener in a 3–0 victory at Plymouth Argyle. Such was the upsurgence in his form, he became something of a cult hero amongst the Derby support, earning himself the nickname Tealinho. Teale opened his goalscoring account for the 2009–10 season with an 87th-minute winner against Peterborough United and made his 100th appearance for the club as a second-half substitute in a 1–0 win over Nottingham Forest on 30 January 2010.

paragraph: On 5 May 2010 it was announced that Teale would leave Pride Park after three and a half years when his contract expired. He left Derby on 30 June 2010 with 104 appearances and five goals.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Sheffield Wednesday.

paragraph: On 2 July 2010, Teale signed a two-year contract at Sheffield Wednesday and was given the number 21 shirt. He scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Southport in the FA Cup on 7 November 2010. Three days later he bagged his second goal as Wednesday beat Hartlepool in the Football League Trophy. Teale left Hillsborough by mutual consent on 1 July 2011, and signed a two-year deal with St Mirren.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:St Mirren.

paragraph: After Teale left Hillsborough by mutual consent on 1 July 2011, and signed a two-year deal with St Mirren. Teale scored his first goal for "Saints" in a 2–0 victory in a friendly match against Dumbarton on 12 July 2011. After just 4 minutes David Barron played a ball over the Dumbarton defence, and Teale lobbed the Dumbarton goalkeeper.

paragraph: Teale was part of the side that won the 2012–13 Scottish League Cup. St Mirren defeated Heart of Midlothian 3–2 in the 2013 Scottish League Cup Final at Hampden Park. Teale will be remembered for his great run down the right wing, and cross field pass that allowed Esmaël Gonçalves to score Saints equalising goal after 37 minutes. On 16 April 2013, it was announced that Teale had signed a new one-year deal with St Mirren, that will keep him at the club until the summer of 2014.

paragraph: After limited appearances during season 2013–14, it was not know if Teale would be offered a new contract. On 13 May 2014 Teale signed a new two-year deal with the club, taking on a player-coach role to assist newly appointed St Mirren manager Tommy Craig. He was appointed caretaker manager after Craig was sacked in December 2014. In January 2015, Teale was appointed St Mirren manager on a contract until the end of the 2014–15 season. Teale was relieved of his managerial duties after the final game of the season, as St Mirren appointed Ian Murray as their new manager on 22 May 2015. On 1 June 2015, Teale left St Mirren by mutual consent, after failing to secure the manager's job on a permanent basis.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Teale made his debut for Scotland under-21s against Latvia in 1996.

paragraph: Teale's performances for Wigan earned him a call-up to the Scotland national football team for the first time in 2004, but was forced to withdraw from the squad due to injury. He won his first cap in a 3–1 defeat to Switzerland on 1 March 2006.

paragraph: He has intermittently played for his country since, including some crucial appearances in Scotland's Euro 2008 qualifying campaign.

paragraph: In 2008, he was called up to George Burley's first Scotland squad alongside fellow on loan Plymouth player Russell Anderson.

paragraph: Section::::Career honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clydebank:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Football League Second Division: Promotion (1997–98)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayr United:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Football League First Division: Promotion (2000–01)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wigan Athletic:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Second Division: Winner (2002–03)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Championship: Promotion (2004–05)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Cup: Runner-up (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Derby County:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Championship playoffs: Winner (2006–07)

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Mirren

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish League Cup: Winner (2012–13)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kirin Cup : 2006

paragraph: Section::::Career honours.:Managerial statistics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Includes statistics as caretaker manager.

description: Scottish footballer

wikidata_label: Gary Teale

wikipedia_title: Gary Teale


text:
Guernsey
Westminster School
Christ Church, Oxford
Brussels
Charles II
Lucy Walter
Chancellor of the Order of the Garter
Duke of York
Fellow of the Royal Society
Westminster Abbey
Sir Philip Carteret
Saint Ouen, Jersey

categories: 1671 deaths,People educated at Westminster School, London,People from the Channel Islands,Fellows of the Royal Society,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Chancellors of the Order of the Garter,Burials at Westminster Abbey,Baronets in the Baronetage of England,1590s births

paragraph: Henry de Vic

paragraph: Sir Henry de Vic, 1st Baronet (c. 1599 – 20 November 1671) was a Guernsey born courtier.

paragraph: Section::::Early Life.

paragraph: He was born the son of John de Vic of Guernsey and educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, where he was awarded BA in 1619.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He lived in Brussels for 20 years where he was the representative of Charles II. Whilst there he had a romantic affair with Lucy Walter, the past mistress of Charles II. He was created a baronet in 1649. In 1660 he was appointed Secretary for the French Tongue and Chancellor of the Order of the Garter. In 1662 he became controller of the household to the Duke of York. The same year he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On his death in 1671 he was buried in the transept of Westminster Abbey. His gravestone, no longer readable, once read ""Here lys the mortall part of Sr Henry De Vic, Baronet and Chancellor of the noble order of the Garter. He departed this life 20 of Novemb. 1671. He was married to Margaret Carterett, the daughter of Sr Philip Carterett of the Isle of Jerseye. By whome he had Charles De Vic, Baronett, and Anne-Charlotte De Vic married to John Lord Fresheville, Baron of Staveley in the county of Derby, who caused this stone to be layde to the memory of her deare father""

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He had married Margaret Carteret, the daughter of Sir Philip Carteret of Saint Ouen, Jersey. He was succeeded by his son Sir Charles de Vic, who died unmarried, whereby the baronetcy became extinct.

description: courtier

wikidata_label: Sir Henry de Vic, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Henry de Vic


text:
Dutch Golden Age
Emmanuel Sweerts
florilegium
Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder
Balthasar van der Ast

categories: 1636 deaths,Dutch still life painters,1603 births,Dutch male painters,Dutch Golden Age painters,Artists from Amsterdam

paragraph: Jeronimus Sweerts

paragraph: Jeronimus Sweerts (1603–1636), was a Dutch Golden Age still life painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Amsterdam as the son of Emmanuel Sweerts, a botanist who published a florilegium in 1612. He was a pupil of Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder and after his death in 1621, stayed on with Balthasar van der Ast, marrying Bosschaert's daughter Maria in 1627. Sweerts was the father of the printmaker Hieronymus Sweerts (1629–1696).

paragraph: He died in Amsterdam.

alias:
Jeronimus Sweers
Sweers

description: painter from the Northern Netherlands

wikidata_label: Jeronimus Sweerts

wikipedia_title: Jeronimus Sweerts


text:
Sri Lanka
Buddhist monk
Vidyodaya Pirivena
Panadurawadaya
Galle District
Upasampada
Ratmalana
Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera
Sripada
Henry Steele Olcott
Ananda College
Mahinda College
Dharmaraja College
C. W. Leadbeater
Theosophical Society
Three Refuges
Five Precepts
Sri maha bodhi
Buddhist flag
Buddhasasana
Sri Pada
Sri Lanka
Mahavamsa
Buddhist flag
Gangaramaya Temple
Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera
Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera
Seema Malaka
Weligama Sri Sumangala
Yagirala Pannananda

categories: People of British Ceylon,Buddhist revivalists,1827 births,Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhists,National Heroes of Sri Lanka,1911 deaths,Sri Lankan Buddhist monks,Theravada Buddhist monks

paragraph: Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera

paragraph: Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera (; 20 January 1827 – 29 April 1911) was a Sri Lankan Buddhist monk, who was one of the pioneers of Sri Lankan Buddhist revivalist movement in the 19th century. He did a great service to improve the Buddhist Education in the country and was the founder of Vidyodaya Pirivena, Maligakanda in 1873 which was granted the university status later in 1959 by the Government of Sri Lanka. A veteran author and a fiery orator, he was a major figure in the Panadurawadaya, a religious debate held between Christian missionaries and Buddhist monks in 1873 at Panadura, Sri Lanka. He was well versed in Sinhala, Pali, Sanskrit, English, Buddhism, History, Arithmetic, and Archaeology and was one of the primary sources of information on Buddhism for the success of the Panadura debate.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The birth name of Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera was Don Niculus Gunawardhana. He was born on 20 January 1827 to the family of Don Johanis Abeyweera Gunawardhana Maha Liyana Arachchi Ralahamy and his wife Dandangoda Gamage Christina Hamine of Hettigoda, Hikkaduwa in Galle District. He was the 5th in his family and was baptized according with the general practice prevailed at the time. Young Niculus received his primary education in Sinhala and Pali from the village temple, Hettigoda Thilakarama temple, Hikkaduwa under the tutelage of Ven. Hikkaduwe Sobitha Nayaka Thera and Ven. Mabotuwana Revata Nayaka Thera.

paragraph: According to astrological predictions on young Niculus's horoscope, his parents decided to ordain him in the order of Buddhist monks as a 'samanera'.. Thus at the age of 9 he was ordained under Arungamuwe Rewatha Thero of Thotagamuwa Raja Maha Vihara at Hikkaduwa and was given the Dharma name of "Hikkaduwe Sumangala". From his childhood he was an eloquent speaker and a very good writer. After four years since becoming a monk he received further education from monk Ven. Pannamgoda Jethuthara Thera and Ven. Bowala Dhammananda Thera. He acquired proficiency in English from John Coranelis Abayawardana, a renowned English scholar in the area. In 1844 the responsibility of Samanera Sumangala was transferwd to Rev. Walane Sri Siddartha thero. From then onward he was positioned at the renown Parama Dhamma Chethiya monastry in Rathmalana. He was not satisfied with just the knowledge he received from the monastery, he proceeded to learn Sanskrit, and subjects such as logic from a Brahmin named Kashinatha.

paragraph: In 1848 he obtained higher ordination of Upasampada from the Malwatte Chapter, Kandy. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera received his higher education from Parama Dhamma Chetiya Pirivena in Ratmalana, under the guidance of Walane Sri Siddhartha Mahathera. Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera was one of his contemporaries at Parama Dhamma Chetiya Pirivena. After gaining the higher ordination of Upasampada he dedicated his life for the betterment of the world. He provided his services as a teacher at Parama Dhamma Chethiya Pirivena, Hikkaduwe Thilakaramaya, Bogahawatte Sudarshana Paramananda Viharaya, Kotahene Paramananda Viharaya. In 1872, in accordance to an invitation made by the Kotahena Paramananda Viharaya, he came to Colombo

paragraph: In 1864 he was appointed as the Chief priest of the Sripada (Adam's peak), the holy mountain of Sri Lanka. With this appointment he was unanimously recognized as the foremost Buddhist monk in the whole island. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala thera was well versed in Sinhala, Pali, Sanskrit and English languages and also had a very good knowledge in Buddhism, History, Arithmetic and Archaeology. He wrote many books in these subjects and was a leading figure of the Panadura debate (Panadurawadaya) held in 1873. It was after reading a report of this debate that Colonel Henry Steele Olcott visited Sri Lanka. Colonel Olcott learnt Buddhism and Pali under Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera, who guided him to establish many Buddhist schools in Sri Lanka, such as Ananda College, Colombo (1886), Mahinda College, Galle (1892) and Dharmaraja College, Kandy (1887). It was also in the presence of Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera, C. W. Leadbeater, an influential member of the Theosophical Society repeated the Three Refuges and the Five Precepts of Buddhism and became a Buddhist.

paragraph: In 1885 with the donation of a land area in Hunupitiya Colombo by, H.L.De Mel, a non Buddhist, he was able to establish the Gangarama Temple. He also took measures to bring down a part of the Sri maha bodhi from Anuradhapura and Plant it amidst the Gangarama Temple premises for worship. He was the chief monk of the Gangarama Temple and upon his demise he was succeeded by Rev. Devundara Sri Jinarathana Thero.

paragraph: Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera was the chairman of the 'Colombo Committee' which originally designed the Buddhist flag in 1885. Sri Sumangala thera was also a pioneer in Buddhist news paper journalism in Sri Lanka. The paper "Lankaloka" was started by him and afterwards he assisted the local Buddhist community to publish papers such as "Sarasavisandaresa" and "Sinhala Bauddhaya". He was well honored an awarded many titles by Sri Lankans as well as the people of many other countries in the East and the West. Reputed and renowned institutions in Ireland, Italy, Hungary and Germany also bestowed felicitation degrees on him. After rendering a yeoman service to the Buddhasasana, Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera died on 29 April 1911, at the age of 84.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Positions Held.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chief monk of the Sri Pada

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chief priest of Southern Sri Lanka

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chief priest of Colombo Nawa Koralaya

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adviser of the Parama Vingnartha Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adviser of the Mahabodhi Society

paragraph: Section::::Literary works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brahma Dharmaya

paragraph: BULLET::::- Warna Reethi (1873)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Masarthu Lakshana (1858)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Translation of Mahavamsa to Sinhalese (1847)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sidath Sangara Sannasa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kavya Shekhara Sannasa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Balawatharatikawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pali Namapada Malawa

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buddhist flag

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gangaramaya Temple

paragraph: BULLET::::- Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seema Malaka

paragraph: BULLET::::- Weligama Sri Sumangala Thera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yagirala Pannananda

wikidata_label: Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thero

wikipedia_title: Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera