text:
American football
running back
Arizona Cardinals
National Football League
2015 NFL Draft
college football
Northern Iowa
Clinton High School
Clinton, Iowa
running back
defensive back
high school football
touchdowns
2010 Shrine Bowl All-Star Game
track & field
Drake
4 × 200
4 × 400
100-meter dash
200-meter dash
basketball
Iowa Newspaper Association
The Des Moines Register
University of Northern Iowa
college football
Illinois State
2015 NFL Draft
NFL combine
Pro Day
Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFL Draft
Nebraska
Ameer Abdullah
Detroit Lions
Jacksonville Jaguars
Brad Meester
2000 NFL Draft
$
Andre Ellington
Chris Johnson
Stepfan Taylor
New Orleans Saints
Chicago Bears
St. Louis Rams
Philadelphia Eagles
NBC Sunday Night Football
Green Bay Packers
Carolina Panthers
Barry Sanders
1997
New England Patriots
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Buffalo Bills
Los Angeles Rams
Seattle Seahawks
San Francisco 49ers
Minnesota Vikings
Atlanta Falcons
Washington Redskins
All-Pro
NFL Top 100 Players of 2017
Cardinals
2016
Los Angeles Rams
MCL
Detroit Lions
Oakland Raiders
Northern Iowa Panthers bio
Arizona Cardinals bio

categories: National Conference Pro Bowl players,Arizona Cardinals players,Northern Iowa Panthers football players,1991 births,People from Clinton, Iowa,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: David Johnson (running back)

paragraph: David Jerome Johnson Sr. (born December 16, 1991) is an American football running back for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Cardinals in the third round of the 2015 NFL Draft. He played college football at Northern Iowa.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Johnson attended Clinton High School in Clinton, Iowa, where he was a three-sport star in football, track, and basketball. He played as a running back and defensive back for the River Kings high school football team. He set numerous school records including touchdowns in a season, career receptions, career receiving yards, career and single-season total offense and single game record for touchdowns. As a senior, Johnson led Clinton to an 11–1 record while accounting for a school-record 42 touchdowns. For his efforts, he was selected 2009 Outstanding Offensive Player for Clinton. In four seasons, Johnson compiled an impressive 4,682 rushing yards (on 5.4 YPC) and 49 rushing touchdowns to go along with 1,734 receiving yards and another 14 receiving touchdowns. Johnson took up kick returning as a senior, averaging 36.5 yards per attempt and returning one for a touchdown. He was invited to play at the 2010 Shrine Bowl All-Star Game, where he showed excellent vision and speed. Academically, Johnson maintained over a 3.0 GPA throughout high school.

paragraph: In track & field, Johnson was a two-time Drake and state qualifier. He earned second-place finishes in both the 4 × 200 and 4 × 400 relays at the 2009 Drake Relays, while also recording a personal-best time of 11.03 seconds in the 100-meter dash. At the 2009 Iowa State T&F Championships, he took ninth in the preliminary rounds of the 200-meter dash with a time of 22.34 seconds. Also a starter on the basketball team, Johnson was named second-team All-conference as a junior. He helped lead the River Kings to the state tournament during his senior season, where he averaged a team-best 15.7 points and 7.9 rebounds per game. He was a first-team All-league selection in the Mississippi Athletic Conference and a third-team All-State pick by the Iowa Newspaper Association. He was also a second-team All-state selection by "The Des Moines Register".

paragraph: Johnson committed to the University of Northern Iowa to play college football. The only other school to offer Johnson an athletic scholarship was Illinois State.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Johnson attended Northern Iowa from 2010 to 2014. After redshirting in 2010, he played in 13 games, with five starts, as a redshirt freshman in 2011. He had 179 rushes for 822 yards with nine rushing touchdowns and also had 33 receptions for 422 yards and three touchdowns. As a sophomore in 2012, Johnson started seven of 12 games. He finished the year with 1,021 rushing yards and 13 rushing touchdowns. As a junior, Johnson started 10 of 11 games and rushed for 1,286 yards on 222 carries. As a senior, Johnson rushed for 1,553 yards on 287 carries with 17 rushing touchdowns and returned 12 kickoffs for 438 yards (36.5 average) and one touchdown. During his senior season, he set numerous school records, including career rushing yards, career rushing touchdowns, and career all-purpose yards.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Following a standout career at UNI, Johnson declared for the 2015 NFL Draft and was projected to be a second or third round pick after a promising showing during the NFL combine and UNI's Pro Day.

paragraph: The Arizona Cardinals selected Johnson in the third round (86th overall) in the 2015 NFL Draft. He was the seventh running back to be selected that year. The Arizona Cardinals originally planned to draft Nebraska running back Ameer Abdullah in the second round (55th overall) and were speaking to Abdullah on the phone when they discovered the Detroit Lions had selected him with their second round pick (54th overall). After failing to draft Abdullah, they changed their draft plans and opted to select David Johnson. Johnson became the seventh running back drafted in 2015 and the only player drafted from Northern Iowa in that year. He was the highest drafted player out of Northern Iowa since Jacksonville Jaguars selected offensive lineman Brad Meester with the 60th overall pick in the 2000 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2015.

paragraph: On May 18, 2015, Johnson was signed to a four-year, $2.9 million contract with a $639,373 signing bonus and $639,373 guaranteed.

paragraph: Johnson opened the season as the fourth string running back behind veterans Andre Ellington, Chris Johnson, and Stepfan Taylor. On September 13, 2015, Johnson played in his first career game, against the New Orleans Saints, and finished the season opener with one reception for a 55-yard touchdown. The following week, he received more playing time against the Chicago Bears after Ellington was injured the previous game. Johnson carried the ball five times for 42 yards and scored his first career rushing touchdown in a 48–23 victory over the Bears. In addition, he returned a kickoff 108 yards for a touchdown in the game.

paragraph: December 6, 2015, marked Johnson's first career start after Chris Johnson suffered a fractured tibia in the previous game. In his first start, he had 22 attempts, 99 rushing yards, two receptions, 21 receiving yards, and a touchdown reception in a 27–3 win over the St. Louis Rams. Of those 99 rushing yards, they included rushes of 17 yards, 23 yards, and 10 yards.

paragraph: On December 20, 2015, Johnson had his third consecutive start and recorded a season-high 29 carries for 187 yards and three rushing touchdowns, while also recording four receptions for 42 yards in a 40–17 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles on "NBC Sunday Night Football".

paragraph: The Cardinals made the playoffs and earned a first-round bye. In the Divisional Round against the Green Bay Packers, he finished with 35 rushing yards and 43 receiving yards in the 26–20 overtime victory. On January 24, 2016, Johnson rushed for 60 yards on 15 carries and a rushing touchdown as well as 68 receiving yards on nine receptions against the Carolina Panthers in the 49–15 loss in the NFC Championship. He finished the season having carried 125 times for 581 yards with eight touchdowns, and caught 36 passes for 457 yards and four touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2016.

paragraph: Johnson experienced a breakout season in 2016. He posted 15 straight games with at least 100 yards from scrimmage, matching the Lions' Barry Sanders (1997) for the longest single-season streak in NFL history. In the season opener against the New England Patriots, he had 89 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown, and 43 receiving yards. In the next game, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had 45 rushing yards to go along with three receptions for 98 yards. In the following game, against the Buffalo Bills, he had 83 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns to go along with three receptions for 28 yards. He recorded 124 scrimmage yards (83 rushing and 41 receiving) in the next game against the Los Angeles Rams. Four days later, he had a season-high 157 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in victory over the San Francisco 49ers. In the next game, against the New York Jets, he had 111 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns. In the next game, a hard-fought 6–6 tie with the Seattle Seahawks, he had 33 carries for 113 yards to go along with eight receptions for 58 yards on "NBC Sunday Night Football". He was named NFC Offensive Player of the Month for October after averaging 145.2 rushing and receiving yards through five games along with five touchdowns. On November 13, against the San Francisco 49ers, he had 55 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown, 46 receiving yards, and one receiving touchdown. On November 20, against the Minnesota Vikings, he had 103 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown, 57 receiving yards, and one receiving touchdown. In the next game, against the Atlanta Falcons, he had 58 rushing yards to go along with eight receptions for 103 yards and a receiving touchdown. In Week 13 against the Washington Redskins, Johnson recorded nine receptions for 91 yards and a touchdown and ran for 91 yards on 18 carries for another touchdown, earning him NFC Offensive Player of the Week. Johnson finished the season having carried 293 times for 1,239 rushing yards with 16 rushing touchdowns. He was ranked seventh in the NFL for rushing yards, and ranked second in the NFL for rushing touchdowns. Johnson also finished the season having caught 80 passes for 879 yards and four touchdowns. He had the most receiving yards among running backs and ranked 38th among all NFL players in receiving yards. He was named First-team All-Pro and was also named to his first Pro Bowl. He was also ranked 12th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017.

paragraph: On January 1, 2017, Johnson left the field on a cart in the first quarter of the Cardinals final regular season game of 2016 against the Los Angeles Rams with an injured left knee after getting tackled awkwardly. The injury looked very serious but ended up only being an MCL sprain and would not require surgery.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017.

paragraph: On September 10, 2017, in the season opener against the Detroit Lions, Johnson injured his left wrist during a play in the third quarter, and left the game. Before the injury, Johnson had recorded 11 rushes for 23 yards and six receptions for 67 yards. The Cardinals lost the game by a score of 23–35. The next day, it was revealed that Johnson's wrist was dislocated, which required surgery and 2–3 months to recover. He was placed on injured reserve on September 12, 2017. On November 22, the Cardinals announced that Johnson would not return for the rest of 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2018.

paragraph: On September 8, 2018, Johnson signed a three-year, $39 million contract extension with the Cardinals with $30 million guaranteed. In his first regular season action since his injury, he recorded a rushing touchdown and 67 scrimmage yards in the 24–6 loss to the Washington Redskins. In a Week 4 loss to the Seattle Seahawks, he recorded 112 scrimmage yards (71 rushing, 41 receiving) and a rushing touchdown. In a Week 5 victory over the San Francisco 49ers, Johnson recorded his eighth career game with at least two rushing touchdowns. In the next game against the Minnesota Vikings, Johnson scored a touchdown for the fifth time in four games. In Week 11, against the Oakland Raiders, Johnson rushed for 137 yards and recorded one catch for 17 yards in a 23–21 loss. He finished the season with 940 rushing yards and seven touchdowns along with 50 receptions for 446 yards and three touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Northern Iowa Panthers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arizona Cardinals bio

description: American football player, born 1991

wikidata_label: David Johnson

wikipedia_title: David Johnson (running back)


text:
VC
Welsh
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
Montgomeryshire
Abberley Hall School
Worcester
Royal Navy
lieutenant-commander
Royal Navy
Second World War
St. Nazaire Raid
HMS "Campbeltown"
Légion d'honneur
captain
Ethiopia
Mullion, Cornwall
Helston
Imperial War Museum
St Nazaire Raid
British VCs of World War 2
Monuments to Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Location of grave and VC medal
Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939-1945

categories: Legion of Honour recipients,Royal Navy recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from Montgomeryshire,Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France),1908 births,Royal Navy officers,Royal Navy officers of World War II,British World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross,1975 deaths,World War II prisoners of war held by Germany,Recipients of the Order of Menelik II,Welsh recipients of the Victoria Cross

paragraph: Stephen Beattie

paragraph: Captain Stephen Halden Beattie VC (29 March 1908 – 20 April 1975) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: ‘Sam’ Beattie was born at Leighton, Montgomeryshire to Rev. Prebendary Ernest Halden Beattie, MC and Ethel Knowles. He was educated at Abberley Hall School in Worcester. He joined the Royal Navy in 1925 as a Special Entry Cadet.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: Beattie was 33 years old, and a lieutenant-commander in the Royal Navy during the Second World War when the following deed at the St. Nazaire Raid took place whilst in command of HMS "Campbeltown" for which he was awarded the VC:

paragraph: After grounding the ship, Beattie was taken prisoner of war by the Germans and held until 1945. In 1947 Beattie received the French "Légion d'honneur". He later achieved the rank of captain, and a posting in 1965 as naval adviser to the Ethiopian government.

paragraph: He died at Mullion, Cornwall. He is buried at Ruan Minor Churchyard in Helston, Cornwall, United Kingdom.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Imperial War Museum, London, England.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Nazaire Raid

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British VCs of World War 2 (John Laffin, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monuments to Courage" (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (This England, 1997)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Cornwall)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939-1945

description: Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Stephen Halden Beattie

wikipedia_title: Stephen Beattie


text:
referee
National Hockey League
Ron Fournier
RDS
Hockey Canada Officiating Program
Halifax, Nova Scotia
2009-10 NHL season
American Hockey League
Coupe Dodge
2000 Air Canada Cup
Montreal
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
Val-d'Or Foreurs
Rouyn-Noranda Huskies
Shawinigan Cataractes
Drummondville Voltigeurs
President's Cup
2002 Memorial Cup
Victoriaville Tigres
Kootenay Ice
Western Hockey League
TVA
Stéphane Auger
1999-00 AHL season
St. John's Maple Leafs
Quebec Citadelles
Ontario
Hamilton Bulldogs
New Brunswick
Saint John Flames
Newfoundland
2002-03 AHL season
Providence Bruins
Worcester IceCats
Worcester, Massachusetts
2015-16 AHL season
2004-05 NHL lockout
Ottawa Senators
Boston Bruins
New York Rangers
Pittsburgh Penguins
Director of Officiating
Terry Gregson
2010 Stanley Cup playoffs
Phoenix Coyotes
Montreal Canadiens
Shane Doan
2006-07 season
San Jose Sharks
Joe Thornton
Hal Gill
Chris Rooney
Nashville Predators
Washington Capitals
Philadelphia Flyers
Joel Ward
Tom Wilson
Wayne Simmonds
Ray Emery
Braden Holtby
Montreal Canadiens
Tampa Bay Lightning
Ron MacLean
Jon Cooper's
2015 NHL Winter Classic
Chicago Blackhawks
Washington Capitals
Nationals Park
Washington, D.C.
Jonathan Toews
Troy Brouwer
Epix's
Winnipeg Jets
Anton Stralman
Bryan Little
Dan O'Rourke
Blake Wheeler
Paul Maurice
Dustin Byfuglien
St. Louis Blues
Andrew Shaw
2016 Heritage Classic
Edmonton Oilers
Investors Group Field
Winnipeg
2017-18 NHL season
Vegas Golden Knights
T-Mobile Arena
2017 Las Vegas shooting
Colorado Avalanche
Eric Furlatt
Brad Watson
2018-19 NHL season
New Jersey Devils
SC Bern
Kölner Haie
Lanxess Arena
Cologne, Germany
Jonny Murray
Deutsche Eishockey Liga
Gothenburg, Sweden
Buffalo Sabres
Los Angeles Kings
Vladimir Sobotka
Minnesota Wild
2003 IIHF World Championship
Budapest, Hungary
2005-06 NHL season
HBO's
Bruce Boudreau
Winter Classic
Ryan Callahan
NESN's
Saint-Constant, Quebec
Brossard, Quebec
Hockey Quebec's

categories: French Quebecers,Ice hockey people from Quebec,1977 births,National Hockey League officials,Canadian ice hockey officials,Living people

paragraph: François St-Laurent

paragraph: François St-Laurent (born 26 June 1977) is a French-Canadian ice hockey referee, currently working in the National Hockey League. In the summer of 1999, during a camp held by Ron Fournier, he told RDS that his goal was to make it to the NHL. Said to have "an exceptional talent", he became a Level VI referee in the Hockey Canada Officiating Program during a seminar in November 2001, held in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

paragraph: He has worn sweater number 38 since joining the league full-time in the 2009-10 NHL season, carrying it over from the American Hockey League after six seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Officiating career.

paragraph: Section::::Officiating career.:Pre-junior league.

paragraph: In 1998 and 1999, St-Laurent worked the Coupe Dodge championship. He also participated in the 2000 Air Canada Cup, held in Montreal, Quebec.

paragraph: Section::::Officiating career.:Juniors to professional career.:Quebec Major Junior Hockey League.

paragraph: St-Laurent joined the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League in 1999, working 30 regular-season games and seven playoff games as a linesman. His first game in the league was on 10 September 1999, when he worked a game between the Val-d'Or Foreurs and Rouyn-Noranda Huskies. In the 2000-2001 season, he transitioned to a referee; the first regular-season game he worked as a referee came on 22 September 2000, as he worked the game between the Shawinigan Cataractes and Drummondville Voltigeurs. It would be the first of 115 regular-season games he worked between the 00-01 and 02-03 seasons. St-Laurent would also work in 24 playoff games. He worked the President's Cup finals in both 2002 and 2003.

paragraph: He worked the 2002 Memorial Cup, including the final game between the Victoriaville Tigres of the QMJHL and the Kootenay Ice of the Western Hockey League.

paragraph: In March 2019, TVA personality (and former official) Stéphane Auger created a list of the league's top fifty officials throughout its fifty year history. For the list, only former QMJHL officials were considered; nobody on the current roster was named. Auger, listing his choices by region, named St-Laurent as one of the league's best officials.

paragraph: Section::::Officiating career.:Juniors to professional career.:American Hockey League.

paragraph: As he began to work games in the QMJHL, St-Laurent was hired by the American Hockey League as a linesman for the 1999-00 AHL season. His first regular-season game in the AHL came on 22 November 1999, as the St. John's Maple Leafs faced off against the Quebec Citadelles. He spent four years working the lines in the AHL before he was hired by the NHL as a referee. While Quebec would be his home base, he would also work games in Ontario (Hamilton Bulldogs), New Brunswick (Saint John Flames), and Newfoundland (St. John's); all three of which came in the 2002-03 AHL season.

paragraph: His first regular-season AHL game as a newly-hired referee came on 11 October 2003, in a game between the Providence Bruins and Worcester IceCats. During his stint in the AHL, St-Laurent worked the Calder Cup finals in 2008 and 2009. He also worked the AHL All-Star Classic in 2009, held in Worcester, Massachusetts.

paragraph: During the 2015-16 AHL season, St-Laurent worked two games in the month of January, marking his first games in the league since the summer of 2009. The games were what appeared to be part of a rehabilitation assignment. He had missed two and a half months due to an unknown reason, and returned to the NHL in February 2016.

paragraph: St-Laurent was hired by the National Hockey League in the fall of 2003, as one of six officials signed that year. The number he had been assigned was in use by referee Craig Spada.

paragraph: Although he was hired in 2003, St-Laurent did not work in the NHL that season. Due to the 2004-05 NHL lockout, his first regular-season National Hockey League game came on 10 November 2005, in a game between the Ottawa Senators and Boston Bruins. He worked in ten other games that season, bouncing back and forth between the NHL and the American Hockey League. After working in 66 regular-season games over the course of four seasons, he would make the jump to the NHL officiating roster full-time at the start of the 2009-10 NHL season. His first game as a full-time official came on 2 October 2009, in a game between the New York Rangers and Pittsburgh Penguins.

paragraph: In October 2011, then-Director of Officiating Terry Gregson was asked to briefly assess St-Laurent, among other officials in the NHL at the time. Gregson said that St-Laurent was one of the "very good young referees" at the time of the evaluation.

paragraph: Section::::Officiating career.:Juniors to professional career.:National Hockey League.:Stanley Cup playoffs.

paragraph: After working in the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs as a standby in select first round games, St-Laurent was named to the main playoff roster each year since, appearing in nine straight postseasons. He has made the second round three times in his career, picking up on-ice assignments for games in 2017, 2018, and 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Coyotes/Canadiens, 05-06 season.

paragraph: At the end of the 13 December 2005 game between the Phoenix Coyotes and Montreal Canadiens, Phoenix's Shane Doan received a gross misconduct for his comments towards St-Laurent and the other officials who worked the game. After the game, a report was sent to the league, stating that Doan had called the officials "fucking Frenchmen". Doan denied the comments. The NHL, after going over the allegations, found no evidence that he had used slurs to describe the officials; all of four of which were French-Canadian. It was the last time a gross misconduct was given out in the National Hockey League, as the rule was removed from the book after the 2006-07 season.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Sharks/Bruins, 05-06 season.

paragraph: In a game between the San Jose Sharks and Boston Bruins, played on 10 January 2006, San Jose's Joe Thornton received a major penalty for checking Boston's Hal Gill and a game misconduct. The game was Thornton's first game back in Boston after a trade between the two teams earlier in the 2005-06 season. St-Laurent and partner referee Chris Rooney issued the penalties five minutes into the first period. Rooney commented on the hit after the game, saying that Gill was defenseless at the time of the hit.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Predators/Sharks, 06-07 season.

paragraph: Early in the third period of a game between the Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks, played on 9 December 2006, St-Laurent sustained an injury to his knee. The injury was later revealed to be a torn knee ligament, which would keep him from working NHL games until late-January (although he would work AHL games two weeks before that time).

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Capitals/Flyers line brawl, 13-14 season.

paragraph: St-Laurent worked a game between the Washington Capitals and the Philadelphia Flyers on 1 November 2013. After a third period goal scored by Washington's Joel Ward, a fight broke out between Capitals player Tom Wilson and Flyers player Wayne Simmonds. As the fight was taking place, Flyers goaltender Ray Emery skated down the ice to challenge Capitals goaltender Braden Holtby, which Holtby declined. When Emery said "just protect yourself", St-Laurent attempted to stop the fight, but couldn't when Emery began to punch Holtby. St-Laurent stopped various Capitals players from jumping in to stop Emery and did not stop the fight when Holtby fell to the ice. Emery was assessed penalties for leaving the crease (2 minutes), instigating (2 minutes), fighting (5 minutes), a ten-minute misconduct, and a game misconduct for his actions.

paragraph: Through the week after the fight, the opinions about St-Laurent's actions were varied from different members of the media. Yahoo's Greg Wyshynski called St-Laurent a "joke" on the Monday afterwards, saying that he was "controlling the game". Calmer opinions came from Elliotte Friedman (then of CBC), who said that St-Laurent "tried to stop" the two combatants, yet "backed out" when the fight happened; and Darren Dreger of TSN, who said that he "couldn't rely on the linesmen" because of the multiple fights.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Lightning/Canadiens, 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs.

paragraph: On 22 April 2014, St-Laurent worked Game Four of the Eastern Conference Quarterfinal series between the Montreal Canadiens and the Tampa Bay Lightning. During the second intermission, CBC's Ron MacLean spoke up about St-Laurent's participation in the game, saying that he "would not have been a popular choice for the Tampa Bay Lightning". MacLean's comment stemmed from an incident in Game Three, where a goal for Tampa Bay was waved off by another French-Canadian referee. He had also said that due to Tampa Bay coach Jon Cooper's comments about the call, St-Laurent was thrown into Game Four "to send a message", when he had been assigned to the game before the playoffs began. MacLean apologized for his comments later that night, also saying that he wouldn't have minded if St-Laurent had worked in a later game of the series.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Blackhawks/Capitals, 2015 Winter Classic.

paragraph: St-Laurent worked the 2015 NHL Winter Classic, a game between the Chicago Blackhawks and the Washington Capitals held at Nationals Park in Washington, D.C. It was his first assignment to the Winter Classic.

paragraph: Late in the third period, he called a hooking penalty on Chicago's Jonathan Toews. Toews didn't appreciate the call, saying "that's the worst [expletive] call I've ever seen". Washington's Troy Brouwer would score on the power play, giving the Capitals the win. Epix's mini-series "Road to the NHL Winter Classic" showed the penalty call to Toews, with St-Laurent giving an explanation to the Blackhawks captain as to what he saw.

paragraph: Late in the second period of a game between the Winnipeg Jets and Tampa Bay Lightning, played on 18 February 2016, Anton Stralman delivered a questionable hit to Bryan Little. St-Laurent and partner Dan O'Rourke did not issue penalties on the hit. (Blake Wheeler and Stralman would get penalties for roughing, while Stralman would not be suspended. Little ended up missing the rest of the regular season because of a T6 vertebrae fracture.) Upon hearing that there would be no further penalties towards Stralman, Jets coach Paul Maurice took exception to what he had heard from the referees. Based on his comments, the Jets would receive a bench minor.

paragraph: Upon coming back to the bench for the start of the third period, Maurice would be sent back to the locker room, as he was ejected by St-Laurent. TSN, the network covering the game for the Jets, showed St-Laurent looking at the bench. Another shot showed what appeared to be him laughing about something; this gave the commentators the impression that the laughter stemmed from him ejecting Maurice. Said Maurice after the game: "I would say that would then have been consistent with their overall demeanor regarding the incident."

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Jets/Lightning, 15-16 season.:Aftermath.

paragraph: A few days after the incident, Maurice was fined $5,000 for what he said about the referees. In September 2016, St-Laurent revealed that his laughter was unrelated to Maurice; Winnipeg's Dustin Byfuglien cracked a joke shortly after the ejection.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Blues/Blackhawks, 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs.

paragraph: During the 19 April 2016 playoff game between the St. Louis Blues and Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago's Andrew Shaw received an interference penalty late in the third period. Prior to the next faceoff, as Shaw was in the penalty box, he directed a homophobic slur towards the on-ice officials. Shaw was suspended one game, was fined $5,000, and underwent sensitivity training. While talking to the media after the game, Shaw said that he could not remember what he had said; it was after he watched the incident afterwards that he apologized for his actions. He said that he was "sincerely sorry for the insensitive remarks that [he] made".

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Oilers/Jets, 2016 Heritage Classic.

paragraph: On 23 October 2016, St-Laurent was announced as one of the referees who would be working the 2016 Heritage Classic, a game between the Edmonton Oilers and Winnipeg Jets, held at Investors Group Field in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Coyotes/Golden Knights, 17-18 season.

paragraph: During the 2017-18 NHL season, St-Laurent was scheduled to work the game between the Arizona Coyotes and Vegas Golden Knights on 10 October 2017, played at T-Mobile Arena. The game was the first home game in the history of the Golden Knights; the pregame recognized the first responders and paid tribute to the victims of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Avalanche/Predators, 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs.

paragraph: St-Laurent had been assigned to work a first round game between the Colorado Avalanche and Nashville Predators, played on 20 April 2018. After the first period, he left the game due to an unknown injury. As he was being assessed for the injury, standby referee Eric Furlatt was called to replace St-Laurent for the duration of the game. St-Laurent returned for his next assignment, three days later.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Lightning/Bruins, 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs.

paragraph: Early in the third period of a second round game between the Tampa Bay Lightning and Boston Bruins, held on 4 May 2018, St-Laurent fell down on his own as the Bruins were entering the offensive zone. He hit the boards on his left side, but continued to work the period. During the intermission between the third period and overtime, it was revealed that he would not be able to work in the extra period due to an injury. Brad Watson, who was the standby official assigned by the league for the game, took St-Laurent's place for overtime.

paragraph: On the evening of 5 May, it was announced that St-Laurent suffered a broken collarbone in the fall.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Oilers/Devils, 2018 NHL Global Series.

paragraph: As part of the 2018-19 NHL season, the league announced that the New Jersey Devils and Edmonton Oilers would play exhibition games between SC Bern and Kölner Haie respectively. On 3 October 2018, St-Laurent worked the game between the Oilers and Kölner Haie at Lanxess Arena in Cologne, Germany. For the game, he was joined by NHL linesman Jonny Murray and two officials from the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (referee Marian Rohatsch and linesman Kilian Hinterdobler). On 6 October 2018, St-Laurent worked the game between the Devils and Oilers in Gothenburg, Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Sabres/Kings, 18-19 season.

paragraph: During the second period of a game between the Buffalo Sabres and Los Angeles Kings, played on 20 October 2018, a stick was knocked out of the hands of a Sabres player (Vladimir Sobotka) in their offensive zone and was sent flying towards the Kings bench. As he was the official in the neutral zone at the time, St-Laurent proceeded to skate backwards to position himself so he could catch the stick without it dropping to the ice (and potentially injuring someone, in case the play was to go the other way). He caught the stick of the player as the play had started to move in the direction of the Sabres goaltender. St-Laurent handed the stick back to its owner when there was a quiet moment in play, where there was no chance for a mistake during the transition.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.:Wild/Rangers, 18-19 season.

paragraph: St-Laurent was assigned to work a game between the Minnesota Wild and New York Rangers on 21 February 2019. After two periods, it was announced that he would not be returning to the game due to a lower body injury. Play was not stopped due to the injury, and it was unclear how he had gotten injured.

paragraph: Section::::International tournaments.

paragraph: During the 2002-2003 ice hockey season, St-Laurent was assigned to work the 2003 IIHF World Championship Division 1A tournament, held in Budapest, Hungary. He worked each day of the tournament, with five games in the five days of play.

paragraph: Section::::Television appearances.

paragraph: Before the 2005-06 NHL season, TVA's "LCN en Bref" interviewed St-Laurent. During the interview, he said that he was on a five-year contract, as he gained experience between the American Hockey League and the National Hockey League.

paragraph: In a 2010 episode of HBO's 24/7 series involving the Pittsburgh Penguins and Washington Capitals, St-Laurent was seen talking to Bruce Boudreau about penalties that were issued early in the first period of a preview of the teams' Winter Classic. The next year, during the 24/7 series involving the New York Rangers and Philadelphia Flyers, a quick camera shot showed him giving Ryan Callahan a cross-checking penalty.

paragraph: A segment during an October 2015 episode of NESN's "Behind the B" followed St-Laurent through the course of the Boston Bruins' home opener against the Winnipeg Jets.

paragraph: Section::::Off-ice contributions.

paragraph: In the winter of 2007, St-Laurent took part in the first "Zebras Care" program that the National Hockey League Officials Association put together.

paragraph: As part of the 40th anniversary of the Officials Association, a logo was created by St-Laurent to help commemorate the milestone.

paragraph: Between 2013 and 2015, St-Laurent ran a summer development camp for referees. Camps were held in Saint-Constant, Quebec in 2014 and Brossard, Quebec in both 2013 and 2015. In the 2015 camp, the participants worked games in L’Expérience HockeySuprématie.com, a tournament with proceeds going towards various charities.

paragraph: During the summer of 2014, he was a speaker in Hockey Quebec's Provincial Elite Officials Program.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: St-Laurent was a goaltender growing up, while spending the late stages of his playing career on the bench as the backup.

wikidata_label: Francois St. Laurent

wikipedia_title: François St-Laurent


text: French

text: Swiss

text: Lausanne

text: Vaud

text: University of Lausanne

text: Aubonne

text: Weimar

text: Paris

text: World War I

text: Maurice de Guérin

text: Igor Stravinsky

text: Histoire du soldat

text: Pully

text: Swiss franc

text: Grand Prix C. F. Ramuz

text: Onesuch Press

text: Prix Gottfried Keller

text: Swiss literature

text: Biography of C.F. Ramuz

categories: 1878 births,People from Lausanne,Swiss writers,1947 deaths

paragraph: Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz

paragraph: Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz (24 September 1878 – 23 May 1947) was a French-speaking Swiss writer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud and was educated at the University of Lausanne. He taught briefly in nearby Aubonne, and then in Weimar, Germany. In 1903, he left for Paris and remained there until World War I, with frequent trips home to Switzerland. As part of his studies in Paris he wrote a thesis on the poet Maurice de Guérin. In 1903, he published "Le petit village", a collection of poems.

paragraph: In 1914, he returned to Switzerland.

paragraph: He wrote the libretto for Igor Stravinsky's "Histoire du soldat".

paragraph: He died in Pully, near Lausanne in 1947. His likeness and an artistic impression of his works appear on the 200 Swiss franc note (in current use).

paragraph: The Foundation C.F. Ramuz in Pully awards the Grand Prix C. F. Ramuz.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le petit village" (1903)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aline" (1905)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jean-Luc persécuté" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aimé Pache, peintre vaudois" (1911)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vie de Samuel Belet" (1913)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raison d'être" (1914)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le règne de l'esprit malin" (1917) / "The Reign of the Evil One", translated by James Whitall (Onesuch Press, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La guérison des malades" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les signes parmi nous" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Salutation paysanne" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Terre du ciel" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Présence de la mort" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La séparation des races" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passage du poète" (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'amour du monde" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chant de notre Rhône."(1920) / "Riversong of the Rhone", translated by Patti M. Marxsen (Onesuch Press, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La grande peur dans la montagne" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La beauté sur la terre" (1927) / "Beauty on Earth", translated by Michelle Bailat-Jones (Onesuch Press, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adam et Eve" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Farinet, ou la fausse monnaie" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Derborence" (1934) / "The Night the Mountain Fell", translated by Sarah Fisher Scott (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Questions" (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le garçon savoyard" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Taille de l'homme" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Besoin de grandeur" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Si le soleil ne revenait pas..." (1937) / "As if the Sun were Never to Return", translated by Michelle Bailat-Jones (Onesuch Press, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paris, notes d'un vaudois" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Découverte du monde" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La guerre aux papiers" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "René Auberjonois" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nouvelles" (1944)

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 Prix Gottfried Keller

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swiss literature

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of C.F. Ramuz

paragraph: BULLET::::- French eds. of seven feature film adaptations of novels by Ramuz

alias:
Sharlʹ-Ferdinan Rami︠u︡
C. F. Ramuz
Charles Ferdinand Ramuz
שארל־פרדינאן ראמיז
Sh Rami︠u︡z

description: Swiss writer

wikidata_label: Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz

wikipedia_title: Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz


text:
Helvetii
Switzerland
Julius Caesar
Roman Republic
Gaul
France
Dumnorix
Aedui
Casticus
Sequani
Julius Pokorny
Old Irish
Indo-European
Helvetians
Gaul
List of unsolved deaths
Dio Cassius
Julius Caesar
Commentarii de Bello Gallico
Orosius

wikipedia_title:
Helvetii
Switzerland
Julius Caesar
Roman Republic
Gaul
France
Dumnorix
Aedui
Casticus
Sequani
Julius Pokorny
Old Irish
Indo-European languages
Helvetii
Gaul
List of unsolved deaths
Cassius Dio
Julius Caesar
Commentarii de Bello Gallico
Orosius

categories: 1st-century BC rulers in Europe,Gaulish rulers,Helvetii

paragraph: Orgetorix

paragraph: Orgetorix was a wealthy aristocrat among the Helvetii, a Celtic-speaking people residing in what is now Switzerland during the consulship of Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic.

paragraph: Section::::Planned migration.

paragraph: In 61 BC he convinced the Helvetians to attempt to migrate from Helvetian territory to south-western Gaul (modern-day France). He was also party to a clandestine arrangement with Dumnorix of the Aedui and Casticus of the Sequani to seize control of their respective tribes by arms and between them rule most of Gaul. The conspiracy was denounced, Orgetorix was called to a hearing in chains before the government of the Helvetii, he arrived with a small army, and was released, but died mysteriously, a rumored suicide. The Helvetians went on with their plans for migration but were defeated in 58 BC and returned by Julius Caesar. This incident was the beginning of the Gallic War in which Caesar subjugated Gaul.

paragraph: Section::::Etymology.

paragraph: Julius Pokorny segments the name [P]orgeto-rix, where the first element contains Gallic "orge", "kill,", related to Old Irish "orcaid", "kill," from the Indo-European root *per-g-, "to hit." The second element is manifestly Celtic "rīx", "king:" "warrior-king," which does not imply that the owner of the name is necessarily a legal ruler. Although Orgetorix had aspirations in that direction, he was not one.

paragraph: Section::::Social position.

paragraph: According to Caesar's I.2 of "De Bello Gallico", Orgetorix was by far the wealthiest and noblest. He made himself an ambassador on behalf of the Helvetians to the other Gallic tribes, and he gave his own daughter to Dumnorix as a "bona fide" gesture. Orgetorix failed in his attempt to become one of three ruling triumvirs of Gaul.

paragraph: Section::::Plan for migration.

paragraph: The Helvetians made elaborate plans for making such a journey. According to Caesar, they spent two years sowing crops and buying beasts of burden, intending for the migration to start in the third year. The effort came by way of marital exchange and individual alliances among some of the young nobles from all three tribes.

paragraph: Section::::Conspiracy.

paragraph: Orgetorix was intending to make an unlawful attempt in seizing control of all Gaul, with Dumnorix and Casticus as his other triumvirs. Unknown to the Helvetians, Orgetorix was making a deal that would involve the use of Helvetian soldiers to seize control of all Gaul, instead of a mere migration. If the conspiracy was to be carried out, the Aeduans, Sequanians and Helvetians, under the threesome, would have all of Gaul at their disposal.

paragraph: Section::::Trial and death.

paragraph: Rivals among the Helvetii discovered Orgetorix's plot and moved to put him on trial, with the penalty of death by burning if found guilty. In assisting his efforts to avoid that fate, Orgetorix had meanwhile acquired a significant personal retinue in addition to having called up an army of more than 10,000 men at arms in addition to their mobilized clients, followers and dependents.

paragraph: Many Helvetians suspected that Orgetorix committed suicide rather than face death by burning. According to Roman accounts, he managed to evade pleading his case, but as the magistrates forced away the crowd of persons from the fields, Orgetorix died. Nonetheless, the Helvetians continued their attempt to migrate.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of unsolved deaths

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dio Cassius, "Roman History" 38.31

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julius Caesar, "Commentarii de Bello Gallico"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orosius, "Seven Books of History Against the Pagans" 6.7

paragraph: br

description: Gaulish ruler

wikidata_label: Orgetorix

wikipedia_title: Orgetorix


text:
Béla IV of Hungary
Hetény
Slovakia
Sorbonne
Pope Innocent IV
church benefices
Mikó Szécs
Pressburg Chapter
Esztergom County
Third Council of the Lateran
place of authentication
Charles I of Sicily
Komárom
Pope Urban IV
Zagreb
Ottokar II of Bohemia
Danube
Benedict
provost of Arad
Stephen V
udvarnik
Veszprém
Zala
Somogy
Vas
last will and testament
Williamites
Roman Curia
Papal States
Timothy
Bishop of Zagreb
Cardinal Báncsa
Maria Laskarina
Radvány
Ákos
Naples
Mary
Charles the Lame
Balkan Peninsula
Byzantine Empire
Republic of Venice
Jenő Szűcs
Simon of Kéza

wikipedia_title:
Béla IV of Hungary
Chotín
Slovakia
University of Paris
Pope Innocent IV
Benefice
Mikó Szécs
St Martin's Cathedral, Bratislava
Esztergom County
Third Council of the Lateran
Place of authentication
Charles I of Anjou
Komárno
Pope Urban IV
Zagreb Cathedral
Ottokar II of Bohemia
Danube
Benedict III, Archbishop of Esztergom
Arad Chapter
Stephen V of Hungary
Udvornici
Veszprém County (former)
Zala County (former)
Somogy County (former)
Vas County (former)
Will and testament
Order of Monte Vergine
Roman Curia
Papal States
Timothy, Bishop of Zagreb
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb
Stephen I Báncsa
Maria Laskarina
Radvaň nad Dunajom
Ákos (chronicler)
Naples
Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples
Charles II of Naples
Balkans
Byzantine Empire
Republic of Venice
Jenő Szűcs
Simon of Kéza

categories: 13th-century Hungarian people,1280s deaths,13th-century Roman Catholic priests,1220s births

paragraph: Sixtus of Esztergom

paragraph: Sixtus ( or "Sike"; died 1285 or 1286) was a Hungarian clergyman in the 13th century, who served as a skilled diplomat of King Béla IV of Hungary for decades.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sixtus was presumably born around 1220 into a lower noble family, which possessed lands and fields in Hetény (today Chotín in Slovakia). His permanent honorary title of ""magister"" demonstrates his university degree (possibly he studied in Sorbonne or other Paris-type cathedral schools, gaining rhetorical and legal erudition). In contemporary records, he is first referred as a cleric by Pope Innocent IV on 20 February 1245, when he has authorized papal legate Giacomo Pecoraria to permit Sixtus' consecration and to grant him the right of possession of church benefices despite his "lack of origin". The document says Sixtus was the son of a lowborn priest. Sixtus had a sister Joanna, who married Lawrence, a landowner in Szőllős (today Vinodol, Nitra). Their marriage produced several children. His other brother-in-law Ampud of Macsala was also a landowner in Hetény. Through the paternal branch, he was related to Mikó Szécs, a courtier in Esztergom.

paragraph: Section::::Ecclesiastical career.

paragraph: Historian Péter Kis assumes Sixtus was identical with that namesake cleric, who is mentioned as a "cantor" of the Győr Chapter by four charters in the period between 1241 and 1248. He also argues Sixtus functioned as dean of Pressburg Chapter in 1253. Sixtus is first referred as "lector" of the Esztergom Chapter in 1255. Through his extensive kinship in Esztergom County, he could compensate his nuclear family's relatively low origin. Beside his duty to proclaim the Scripture readings used in the Liturgy of the Word, Sixtus was responsible for management of the cathedral school of Esztergom and teaching the clerics and the poor scholars, in accordance with the Canon 18 of the Third Council of the Lateran (1179). Thus he was also styled as ""scholasticus"" in contemporary documents. Additionally, Sixtus led the local place of authentication in this capacity. Approximately thirty charters preserved from Sixtus' term. For this role, Charles I of Sicily referred to him "chancellor of Esztergom" () in 1270. Sixtus occasionally also used this title thereafter.

paragraph: Sixtus resigned as "lector", when he was sent as head of the Hungarian diplomatic mission to Rome, lasted from 1258 to 1264. Then he was forced to become archdeacon of Komárom (present-day Komárno, Slovakia). On 15 July 1264, Pope Urban IV ordered Vincent, Bishop of Nyitra (or Nitra) to provide a dignity and benefice for Sixtus either in Zagreb or other cathedrals, or perhaps in a church belongs to the Archdiocese of Esztergom, because he "wants to leave" his position of archdeacon in Komárom (probably due to its extensive administrative obligations). After 1266, Sixtus returned to his office of "lector" in Esztergom. In August 1271, after Ottokar II of Bohemia invaded the lands north of the Danube and destroyed the archives of the Diocese of Nyitra (Nitra), vice-"ispán" Michael, Benedict, provost of Arad and Sixtus were mandated by King Stephen V to determine the borders of the diocese, cataloging its estates and churches upon the request of Bishop Vincent. In early 1272, Sixtus appeared as an ad-litem judge to investigate the credibility of the "udvarnik" lands countrywide. In this capacity, he traveled the counties of Veszprém, Zala, Somogy and Vas.

paragraph: He last appears in contemporary sources on 17 April 1285. A certain Cyprian succeeded him as "lector" of Esztergom by 15 August 1286, suggesting Sixtus was deceased by then. In 1287, he is referred to as of "good memory" ("bone memorie"). Sixtus made his last will and testament in 1272, along with "cantor" Valentine. Accordingly, his gifted lands in Hetény was inherited by the Archdiocese of Esztergom. Sixtus stipulated that the archbishop had to finish the construction of the St. Anne monastery in the area. The monastery later belonged to the Williamites.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomatic missions.

paragraph: Both Urban IV in 1264 and Charles of Sicily in 1270 referred to Sixtus as a "royal cleric", which connected his diplomatic activity. At first, he was sent to Italy in 1258 to represent King Béla's interests at the Roman Curia, as some of his policies gave rise to many conflicts between the Hungarian royal court and the Holy See after the Mongol invasion. Sixtus sold some part of his inherited land in Hetény to his relative and neighbour Mikó Szécs, in order to finance his diplomatic mission to Rome. He stayed there as the permanent ambassador of the Kingdom of Hungary to the Papal States until 1264. For instance, Sixtus protested in the name of his king, when Pope Urban IV appointed Timothy as Bishop of Zagreb without Béla's consultation in late 1263. In the same time, the king was angered by the fact too that Pope Urban allowed to his opponent Cardinal Báncsa to be free to distribute Timothy's benefices in Hungary among his relatives. When the reconciliation of Béla and his rebellious son Duke Stephen proved to be only temporary in 1263, the king commissioned Sixtus to convince the pope to support Béla's interests and withdraw the support from some pro-Stephen Hungarian prelates. For his loyal service, Sixtus was granted royal land donations from his monarch and spouse Queen Maria Laskarina in Hetény and Radvány (present-day Radvaň nad Dunajom, Slovakia) after returning home. According to the "narratio"s of three of Béla's donation letters, "[Sixtus] protected us and right of our crown for many years". For his merits, Sixtus was also appointed as titular papal chaplain by Pope Urban after 1264. During the years spent in Rome, his envoy companion was a certain Egyed from the Diocese of Győr.

paragraph: In 1270, Sixtus was among the members of the Hungarian delegation presuambly led by "magister" Ákos sent to Naples which escorted the then twelve-year-old princess Mary to marry Charles the Lame. Before that he sold another part of Hetény for 70 silver coins to Mikó Szécs. For Charles of Anjou, Hungary was an important ally, when he forged alliances in the Balkan Peninsula to counteract the surrounding great powers, the Byzantine Empire and the Republic of Venice. Charles' three documents mention Sixtus' stay in the Sicilian royal court at the end of 1270. Charles sent his notary Reginald of Florence to Sixtus' accompaniment. The diplomat returned to Hungary by June 1271. Historian Jenő Szűcs argued chronicler Simon of Kéza belonged to Sixtus' "familia" and also took part in the diplomatic mission.

wikidata_label: Sixtus of Esztergom

wikipedia_title: Sixtus of Esztergom


text: composer

categories: Hungarian male composers,Hungarian composers,Hungarian conductors (music),Hungarian writers

paragraph: Rezső Máder

paragraph: Rezső Máder, (in Hungarian sequence) Máder Rezső was a Hungarian conductor, composer, and playwright. His original name was Raoul.

paragraph: Raoul Mader was born on June 25, 1856 in Pozsony or Pressburg (Hungarian kingdom, modern day Bratislava in Slovakia), he died on October 16, 1940 in Budapest.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Rezső Máder had a gymnasium in his native city, followed by a conservatory in Vienna. Between 1882 and 1895 he taught in the conservatory and he served in Vienna Opera House, later he ran in the Royal Opera House of Budapest. In 1901 he was appointed Vice President, in the following year Chief Executive. He made the Opera House the most popular theater in Budapest. In 1907 he took over the management of Népszínház. Between 1917 and 1919 he was a headquarters of the Folk Theater of Vienna, from 1921 to 1925, again from the Operejo in Budapest. He received the title "Eternal Year of the Opera" in 1925, in addition he received Italian and Hungarian awards.

paragraph: He was married in 1896.

paragraph: Section::::Compositions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Szökevények (1891, opera in Vienna)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A piros cipő (1897, ballet in Budapest, presented a hundred times in 1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- She (1898, ballet in Budapest) Kadétkisasszony (1900, an operet in Népszínház)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Primadonnák (1900, opereta in Theater Magyar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Szerelmi kaland (1902, ballet in the Opera House of Budapest)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A nagymama (1908, opereta of the comedy in Népszínház)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mályvácska királykisasszony (1921, ballet in the Opera House of Budapest)

description: Hungarian conductor and composer

wikidata_label: Rezső Máder

wikipedia_title: Rezső Máder


text:
physician
surgeon
Molise
Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Milan
Giovanni Rasori
Bologna
Giacomo Tommasini
Ripabottoni
Larino
Toro, Molise
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Naples
Toro, Molise
Ospedale degli Incurabili, Naples
pathological anatomy
Kingdom of Two Sicilies
Francesco De Sanctis
University of Naples
pathological anatomy
Naples

categories: 1802 births,People of Molisan descent,1875 deaths

paragraph: Pietro Ramaglia

paragraph: Pietro Ramaglia (1802-1875) was an Italian physician and surgeon. He is considered one of the leading figures in the history of medicine in Molise and of the neapolitan medicine of his time. Indeed, he was one of the most important doctors of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, being he the personal physician of the King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. In medicine he was one of the proponents of the experimental anatomo-clinical method and founder of the Neapolitan positive-naturalistic school that opposed the vitalist theories then in vogue and supported in Milan by Giovanni Rasori and in Bologna by Giacomo Tommasini with his "New Italian Medical Doctrine".

paragraph: Section::::Studies.

paragraph: Pietro Ramaglia was born on the 31st March 1802 in Ripabottoni from a family of humble means: his father, Francesco (1773 - 1851) worked as a tailor, while his mother, Veneranda de Julio (1775 - 1815) was a farmer. He completed his elementary studies in his birth town, probably due to the poverty of his parents. Having shown excellent predisposition, he was sent to Larino's seminary to continue his studies. Released with the certificate of highly trained student, he was sent to complete his preparation in the Domenico Trotta's private college in Toro, Molise, situated in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The prof. Nasca, his friend and colleague, reports that the young Ramaglia, at the early age of 15, decided to study medicine after meeting with a doctor who had particularly struck him. He moved to Naples after completing his studies in Toro, Molise. There he was welcomed as an intern in the Royal Medical College, where he graduated in 1823, being awarded, in consideration of his academic distinction, with the complete exemption from any expense connected to the graduation. During his studies he was particularly appreciated by his professors for his acumen and the tenacious application to the study.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: After his graduation he entered as an assistant in the Ospedale degli Incurabili, Naples (Italian for “Hospital for Incurables”). Here he devoted himself, with particular interest, to the study of normal and pathological anatomy. Always updated on the progress of medicine, he developed a "diagnostic method" that was described and published by his student, dr. Domenico Capozzi. In 1833 he opened a private study, where he started his career as private lecturer, activity that he would have carried on up until the 8th November 1849, when he was authorized to continue his teachings in the Ospedale degli Incurabili. Later on, in 1852, he was appointed personal physician to the king of Two Sicilies, Ferdinand II of Bourbon. In 1857 he co-founded a medical journal named “Il Morgagni”, after the famous anatomist Giovanni Battista Morgagni, which, under his direction, rapidly became one of the most relevant periodical publications on the subject. It was only after the fall of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies that Francesco De Sanctis, Minister of Education in the first post unitary government and reorganizer of the University of Naples, called him to the chair of pathological anatomy firstly and then to that of Medical Clinic. In 1865, however, Ramaglia, who had had the first signs of the evil that ten years later would have taken him to the grave, renounced his chair, but did not abandon his studies which ended with the precise analysis of his illness. He studied tuberculous meningitis for 40 years grouping a remarkable series of works which committed him until the end of his life, in Naples on June 4, 1875. He left his wife, Marianna Tambelli, the task of publishing his latest work "Studies on the basic granular meningitis", a study that saw the light in 1876.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1839 he married the noblewoman Marianna Tambelli, of the barons of San Martino and Sant’Anzino, whose father was the wealthy neapolitan lawyer Paolo Tambelli, baron of Sant’Anzino; he had two daughters: Giovanna, married into the barons del Pozzo family, and Concetta, married to Luigi d’Amato, patrician of Amantea.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and Honours.

paragraph: - Knight of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George;

paragraph: - Knight of the Royal Order of Francis I;

paragraph: - Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy;

paragraph: - Knight of the Order of Saint Maurice and Lazarus;

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Notomia Topografica" (1840)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metodo diagnostico" (1862)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Studi sulla Meningite basilare granulosa" (1876)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angelo Camillo De Meis, "Idea generale dello sviluppo delle scienze mediche in Italia nella prima metà del secolo", Torino 1851.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angelo Camillo De Meis, "Degli elementi della medicina", Stabilimento tipografico di Giacomo Monti, Bologna 1864.

paragraph: BULLET::::- T. L. De Sanctis, "Discorso letto nella casa del defunto"," La Gazzetta della provincia di Molise", n.26 13 Giugno 1875

paragraph: BULLET::::- G. Limoncelli, "Poche parole pronunciate sul feretro del prof. Pietro Ramaglia", "La Gazzetta della Provincia di Molise", 20 giugno 1875

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. Pietravalle, "Pietro Ramaglia di Ripabottoni [Necrologia]", "La Gazzetta della Provincia di Molise", n.31 18 luglio 1875

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vittorio Donato Catapano, "Medicina a Napoli nella prima metà dell'Ottocento", Liguori Editore, Napoli 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italo Testa, "Le grandi figure della medicina molisana", Palladino editore, Campobasso 2010

wikidata_label: Pietro Ramaglia

wikipedia_title: Pietro Ramaglia


text:
Sainte-Jamme
Sarthe River
Le Mans
forge
blast furnace
cast iron
moulding
smelt
Auteuil, Oise
cupola furnace
Legion of Honour
Montbizot
Caen
Port-Brillet
Brest
Exposition Universelle (1889)
Exposition Universelle (1889)
radiators
Genest
Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine
Comptoir Métallurgique de Longwy
Bank of France
Ballon
Legion of Honour

categories: 1922 deaths,French industrialists,1835 births,Mayors of places in France,19th-century French businesspeople

paragraph: Armand Chappée

paragraph: Armand Chappée (30 April 1835 – 22 September 1922) was a French iron master, founder of the Chappée group. He was the son of a grocer, found work as an accountant at an iron foundry near Le Mans, married the owner's daughter and became owner in turn. He built up the factory, introduced modern technology and made the Chappée brand of cast iron products widely recognised. He was a paternalistic employer who provided many benefits to his workers. His political views were described as "militant reactionary".

paragraph: Section::::Background: Doré, Chevé et Cie.

paragraph: The Antoigné factory, which would become the Chappée factory, was in the commune of Sainte-Jamme on the Sarthe River from Le Mans.

paragraph: A forge had been established here in 1618, and had operated with the same technology until the 19th century, but in the early 19th century faced growing competition from more modern forges.

paragraph: The blast furnace at Antoigné was closed in 1822.

paragraph: In 1827 the iron master Charles Drouet restructured the works and in 1829 began to produce cast iron mouldings.

paragraph: The business struggled, and the Antoigné forge was again closed in 1843.

paragraph: Victor Doré, who had worked in the Antoigné forge, formed a partnership with Joseph Chevé, and in 1841 they founded the Saint-Pavin factory in Le Mans to smelt all types of metal.

paragraph: In 1845 the enterprise became "Doré, Chevé et Cie".

paragraph: In December 1854 they leased the Antoigné forge and decided to rebuild the blast furnace, at first only to feed the Saint-Pavin foundry.

paragraph: A railway station was opened in Le Mans on 28 May 1854.

paragraph: In 1855 the partners rebuilt the Antoigné blast furnace and created a moulding workshop.

paragraph: By 1856 it was producing four or five tons of gray cast iron daily, some of which was cast into bearings for the Le Mans-Rennes railway line, and some sent to the Saint-Pavin factory in Le Mans for secondary casting.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Armand-Alexandre Chappée was born in Auteuil, Oise, on April 30, 1835, son of Michel Alexandre Chappée, a grocer and Sophie-Joséphine Doré.

paragraph: His mother was first cousin of Victor Doré.

paragraph: Armand Chappée began work in agriculture, then in 1856 became secretary-accountant at the Antoigné factory.

paragraph: He married his second cousin Victoire Julienne Doré, eldest daughter of Victor Doré, on 7 September 1858.

paragraph: He joined the company with 20,000 francs from his parents and a dowry of 40,000 francs from his wife.

paragraph: Chappée soon became the closest partner of his father in law.

paragraph: In 1860 Joseph Chevé left the company.

paragraph: That year the charcoal blast furnace, destroyed by a fire, was replaced by cupola furnaces which remelted English cast iron.

paragraph: At the start of 1861 the workforce had dropped from 111 to 70 workers, mostly producing pipes, but by June 1862 there were 166 workers, including 28 women and 6 children, and by 1872 there were 200 workers.

paragraph: In 1867 Doré was made a knight of the Legion of Honour.

paragraph: He had two daughters, the second of whom married a M. Martin.

paragraph: Doré divided his company between his two sons in law, and Chappée received the Antoigné factory.

paragraph: The factory had been modernized, and working hours had been reduced to 11 hours per day, from 6 am to 6 pm with an hour for lunch at noon.

paragraph: There were also rotating night shifts of no more than 12 hours.

paragraph: Women worked only 9 hours per day.

paragraph: As of 1889 the Antoigné factory was connected by a steam tramway to the Montbizot station on the railway from Le Mans to Caen.

paragraph: It included foundry, forge and construction workshops.

paragraph: It specialized in manufacturing water and gas piping, building and mechanical parts, railway and tramway equipment, bearings, turntables, railway changes and crossovers, hydraulic cranes etc. It had hydraulic motors of about 200 horsepower, backed up by steam engines in case of drought or excess water.

paragraph: Chappée was the sole owner.

paragraph: In 1882 Chappée bought the factory at Port-Brillet, Mayenne, from Paillard-Ducléré et Cie.

paragraph: That year the Port-Brillet facility produced 100 tons of castings daily.

paragraph: Chappée undertook a major expansion.

paragraph: Port-Brillet foundry had been built by Michel de Guerne in 1619, with water-powered forges coming into operation in 1623.

paragraph: The factory at Port-Brillet was on the line from Paris to Brest.

paragraph: For a long time it was an iron forge, and only became a foundry around 1840.

paragraph: At the time of the Exposition Universelle (1889) the factory was engaged in secondary melting and produced light products such as pots, stoves, irons and other commercial goods.

paragraph: It was powered by a hydraulic force of 80 horsepower.

paragraph: The water rarely failed, but a steam engine was available as a back-up power supply.

paragraph: There were about 250 workers, including about 10 women.

paragraph: The industrialists of Normandy, Maine and Anjou did little to promote their products, rarely exhibiting them outside their region, and rarely filing patents.

paragraph: Armand Chappée was one of three entrepreneurs from Sarthe who accounted for almost 90% of patents in the region in the 1880s, the other two being the hemp-weaver Louis-Antoine Bary and Ernest-Sylvain Bollée.

paragraph: The Chappée products won prizes in Angers (1871), Paris (1878), Le Mans (1880), Sidney (1880), Melbourne (1881), Paris (1881), Blois (1883), Caen (1883) and Amsterdam (1889).

paragraph: Chappée's exhibit at the Exposition Universelle (1889) won a Grand Prix.

paragraph: The display was almost across and showed all the company's products.

paragraph: The centerpiece was a cast iron reproduction of a monumental fountain in Louis XVI style, with a basin from which a nymph emerged spilling water from an urn. Around this, in carefully arranged disarray, were cast iron pots, irons, weights for scales, fireplace grills, small stoves, boxes, copying presses, sewer grills, locks, umbrella stands, fire hydrants and valves.

paragraph: There were many pipes, a candelabra, washtub, bakery oven, screw press, gargoyles, feet for garden benches and many other objects.

paragraph: Elsewhere the company exhibited a mobile oven on wheels that was used by the army to cook meat, but could also be used for bakery and other types of food.

paragraph: The company now had customers throughout France and in many foreign markets.

paragraph: The number of workers at Antoigné rose from almost 200 in 1874 to 600 in 1900 and 1,000 in 1910.

paragraph: At Port-Brillet the number of workers rose from 90 in 1882 to 600 in 1900 and 800 in 1910.

paragraph: In 1895 Armand and his son Louis founded the company Armand Chappée et fils.

paragraph: Armand Chappee at Fils was one of several foundries in France that used pig iron made by others.

paragraph: This was known as "moulage de fonte en seconde fusion".

paragraph: The two plants made many types of iron pipe, radiators, pumps, kitchenware, motor blocks and decorative ironwork.

paragraph: Around 1900 Chappée's factories began to produce central heating boilers, to be placed in the cellar, and cast iron radiators.

paragraph: Section::::Paternalism.

paragraph: Chappée was a paternalistic employer.

paragraph: He provided housing for the workers, undertook measures to make the factories safer, created first aid stations, set up a fire brigade, provided apprenticeships and gave evening classes for office workers.

paragraph: The factories also provided schools, children's day care centers, sporting, musical and artistic societies, a savings bank system and retirement pensions.

paragraph: Workers had to pay 5 francs to join the Mutual Aid society, and then a monthly subscription of 1 franc for men and 0.50 francs for women.

paragraph: In case of sickness of injury, men received 1 franc per day and women 0.50 francs per day.

paragraph: Members were entitled to free medical care and medicines.

paragraph: In the event of death, the company was responsible for burial expenses.

paragraph: Workers who did not join the Mutual Aid society paid into a medical fund to cover medical care and medicines.

paragraph: The workers voted to make the medical fund compulsory.

paragraph: On 15 May 1884 Chappee decided to give a pension of 365 francs per year to every worker aged over 60 who had worked for 30 years for the company, and 150 francs per year for every worker aged over 60 who had worked for 20 years.

paragraph: The pension was paid monthly for life after the employee stopped working.

paragraph: The worker had to be a member of the Mutual Aid society to qualify.

paragraph: The workers at Port-Brillet were covered by the decision of 15 May 1884 and at the age of 60 gained the right to a pension if they had worked there for 20 years.

paragraph: When a worker was the victim of a workplace accident that permanently disabled him, a pension was set up for him according to his needs, reduced by a percentage as each of his children reached the age of 18.

paragraph: The pension would be paid to his widow, but stopped as soon as she remarried.

paragraph: The prefect of Sarthe called Chappée a "militant reactionary" in 1889, but there is no question that his paternalism was of benefit to his employees.

paragraph: Section::::Other activities.

paragraph: Chappée became director of the Sarthe Tramways, Loir-et-Cher Tramways, French Narrow Gauge Railway Company and Genest anthracite mines.

paragraph: He was president of the General Syndicate of Foundry Owners.

paragraph: Alexandre Dreux joined the commercial service of Chappée's company around 1871 at the age of 18, where Chappée spotted his ability and capacity for work.

paragraph: Chappée placed him as accountant at a subsidiary forge he operated in Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine, but soon closed it.

paragraph: In 1877 Chappée recommended Dreux to the leaders of the Lorraine steel industry who were looking for someone to manage their comptoir.

paragraph: Renaud Oscar d'Adelswärd and Jean-Joseph Labbé co-founded the Comptoir Métallurgique de Longwy in 1876, with Alexandre Dreux as the first executive director.

paragraph: The Comptoir de Longwy was the first joint sales organization of the French steel industry.

paragraph: Chappée was a member of the Superior Labour Council for several years.

paragraph: In 1885 he joined the Le Mans Chamber of Commerce, for which he was secretary in 1888 and president in 1904.

paragraph: He was an inspector of technical education, and founded and supported the Le Mans professional school.

paragraph: He was an administrator of the Bank of France until his death.

paragraph: He was Mayor of Sainte-Jamme from 1861 to 1871 and from 1878 to 1900.

paragraph: In 1887 he ran for election as general councilor for the Ballon canton, but failed.

paragraph: Chappée was compromised in the very public scandal of the Talvende bank.

paragraph: Felix Talvende, the director of the bank, was arrested for bankruptcy on 18 March 1889.

paragraph: He was charged with excessive personal expenses, engaging in contracts he could not satisfy and providing inaccurate accounts, and sentenced to eight months in prison.

paragraph: Chappée was a member of the bank's board of directors, and had to testify as a witness at the trial.

paragraph: Despite this, he was made a knight of the Legion of Honour on 11 July 1891, but was never promoted to officer of the Legion.

paragraph: Armand Chappée died on 22 September 1922.

paragraph: After his death his two sons, Jules and Louis, squabbled over the company.

paragraph: In 1929 the Antoigné and Port-Brillet factories were merged with the Société Générale de Fonderie.

paragraph: The forges finally closed in 2011.

description: French politician (1835-1922)

wikidata_label: Armand Chappée

wikipedia_title: Armand Chappée


text: Seattle

text: stonemason

text: Siena

text: Italy

text: guild

text: Sacred Geometries

text: Sacred Rules of Bondwork

text: architectonic

text: Stone Wave

text: Antoine Predock's

text: Tacoma Art Museum

text: Fujian

text: Stone Wave

text: Dale Chihuly

text: SuttonBeresCuller

text: Stone Wave

text: Tacoma Art Museum

text: Sculpture by the Sea

text: Sculpture by the Sea

text: American Institute of Architects (AIA)

text: de Young Museum

text: Three Gorges Dam

text: China

text: United States

text: Stone Wave

text: Tacoma Art Museum

text: Pearl River Delta

text: Southern China

categories: 1961 births,American stonemasons,Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art,Living people,American sculptors

paragraph: Richard Rhodes (sculptor)

paragraph: Richard Rhodes (born 1961) is a Seattle, Washington-based sculptor, stonemason, entrepreneur, and scholar of stonework worldwide.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Born in California, Rhodes studied acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in 1981. Through his study of medieval ritual and research, Rhodes apprenticed as a stonemason in Siena, Italy, after graduate school. Working with the operative branch of the Freemason's guild in Siena, Rhodes studied the Sacred Geometries and the Sacred Rules of Bondwork as passed down through the medieval guild of the Freemasons. He was the first non-Italian in over 700 years to work as an apprentice under the Freemasons. Rhodes credits his guild training as a major influence in his sculptural practice.

paragraph: Rhodes is the founder of several Seattle-based businesses including Rhodesworks Design Studio, Rhodes Masonry and Rhodes Architectural Stone.

paragraph: Section::::Sculpture practice.

paragraph: In sculpture, Rhodes' work explores the line between art and architecture, using traditional stone construction with contemporary building techniques. His earlier, expressive and site specific work is self-described as "architectonic." His more current sculptural work is abstract and figurative, visible in his "Sentinel Series "(various) and Resolute Arch . His work is textural and often draws on the expressive hand finishes Rhodes' learned during his training and apprenticeship in Italy.

paragraph: Several of his commissions incorporate antique stone objects such as salvaged and worn pavements or stair blocks. Rhodes' largest public sculpture, the two thousand square-foot "Untitled - Stone Wave" (2004) at the center of Antoine Predock's Tacoma Art Museum, is made of antique granite salvaged from road pave stones in the Fujian region of China. The museum invites other artists to contribute to the space created by "Untitled - Stone Wave", using it as a base or canvas. Participating artists include Dale Chihuly who provided the first artwork to be created in this series entitled "Niijima Floats" (2003) and SuttonBeresCuller created "Ship in a Bottle]" (2007) by lowering a sail boat into the courtyard. "Untitled - Stone Wave "(2004) has created a unique exhibition space at the Tacoma Art Museum that "may be the single most dramatic exhibition space in the Northwest."

paragraph: Pieces from the "Sentinel Series", including "Sentinel I" and "Embrace", were featured in the Sculpture by the Sea - Bondi and Sculpture by the Sea - Cottesloe in Sydney (2012) and Perth (2013) respectively. Of "Embrace, Sentinel Series", Tom Flynn of The Sculpture Agency writes "Seattle-based sculptor and designer Richard Rhodes’ "Embrace: Sentinel Series", comprising two chunky interlocking forms in carved granite, was among the few truly stand-out works, beautifully executed and open to multiple readings. It seemed perfectly at home overlooking the ocean. Brancusi would have liked it." The sculpture was represented by the Hotham Street Contemporary Gallery in Melbourne, Australia and now resides in a private collection in Aspen, Colorado.

paragraph: As an artist, Rhodes combines the aesthetics of traditional stone construction with contemporary building techniques. Rhodes' current projects include a series of hand carved stone tables meant as monumental outdoor gathering places. The tables have architectural qualities, featuring dovetail joints, butterfly joints and other construction techniques unusual for stone. His most recent sculpture, Resolute Arch , features a 20' high stone arch with a piece broken from the apex. The piece incorporates hand cut stone pieces with an internal tension system for structural support.

paragraph: Expanding on his figurative and gestural work, he has also produced a series of cast bronze sculptures, "Sentinels I & II Bronze" shown in private galleries in Aspen and in the Dutko Gallery in London. Rhodes produces his bronze works at the in Milan, Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Educator and lecturer.

paragraph: Rhodes developed several lectures accredited by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). He has spoken at institutions, firms, studios and conventions, including the national conventions of the American Institute of Architects and the Association of Professional Landscape Designers and Building Stone Institute. He delivered a five-lecture series to the Institute of Classical Architecture in New York and San Francisco. In 2012, he lectured at the Royal Austrian Institute of Architecture (RAIA).

paragraph: Other notable lectures include the keynote address for the Stonework Symposium XIV at the de Young Museum in San Francisco, titled "Materiality", a lecture at the Strelka Institute of Media, Architecture and Design, titled "Working in a Culture of Chaos: Building Global Infrastructure in the Developing World", an Arts & Lecture Series sponsored by Il Punto in Seattle, Washington titled "The Last Apprentice", and a lecture at the China Academy of Art on invitation by Wang Shu titled "Paths in Stone: China, Material and Modernization".

paragraph: Rhodes' AIA accredited lectures include "Stone Specification", "Adaptive Re-Use of Reclaimed Stone Materials", "The Sacred Rules of Freemasonry: The Underlying Rules of Stone Design", "Dimensional Stone - Ancient Traditions, Modern Practice", and "The Grain of Stone: Implications for Design and Fabrication".

paragraph: Section::::Architectural stone and architectural design.

paragraph: In addition to his sculptural practice, Rhodes used his academic and practical training in masonry and business to found and direct three companies specializing in architectural stone. Through the architectural stone companies, Rhodes has worked with notable architects and firms. His stonework contribution to Olson Kundig Architects' Hong Kong Villa is featured on the cover of "Jim Olson: Houses". Rhodes Architectural Stone, under Rhodes' direction, supplied the stonework chosen for the cover photographers of "Peter Pennoyer Architects" and "New Tropical Classics, Hawaiian Homes" by Shay Zak.

paragraph: With Rhodes Architectural Stone, Rhodes purchased 17 villages behind the Three Gorges Dam project in China and successfully recycled the antique stone material into construction of architectural projects in the United States. Rhodes' interest with working in high-density limestone led him to the ancient Chinese villages because of the stones texture and warm characteristics. They were in the process of being abandoned and flooded because of the hydroelectric project, which was set to displace between 1.1 and 1.9 million people. The villages were built out of the same high-density limestone, but with the benefit of a patina from thousands of years of daily use and weathering and Rhodes set out to preserve the material. After two years of negotiation, Rhodes worked with the Chinese government to purchase the limestone that would otherwise have been underwater and finance factories with Chinese stonemasons and craftsmen. Rhodes ultimately only harvested the top three inches of the limestone and gave the rest back to the Chinese to build new homes.

paragraph: Projects that incorporate the salvaged stone work include the fireplace and powder room sink at the Telluride House featured in Western Interiors and Design; the stonework salvaged for the project included a 500-year-old stone threshold "[where the] patinas are just incredible." Rhodes also created "Stone Wave" at the Tacoma Art Museum in 2003 with 700 pieces of re cut and transported pave stones from the Pearl River Delta in Southern China. According to Rhodes, the stone, "[has]this fantastic texture...you get almost a sheen to the stone from the wear."

paragraph: Section::::Chronology of work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 "Resolute Arch", Granite, Burning Man Festival, Black Rock City, Nevada

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 "Lithic Altars", Granite, Burning Man Festival, Black Rock City, Nevada

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "Connection" "(Sentinel Series)", Granite, Yellowstone Club, Montana

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "Seminar Table (Artist Furniture Series)", Granite, Fujian, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "Sentinel I and II Bronze", bronze, London, England and Aspen, Colorado

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "Sentinel V", Sandstone, Guemes Island, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "Sentinel IV", Sandstone, Kona, Hawaii

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 "Forest Gathering", Granite and Sandstone, Bainbridge Island, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 "Embrace (Sentinel Series)", Granite, Sydney and Perth, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Four Abstract Volumes", Quarried Granite Blocks, Palm Desert, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Untitled - Modernist Oven", Granite, Melbourne, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Sentinel I (Sentinel Series)", Granite and Bronze, Seattle, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Sentinel II (Sentinel Series)", Granite and Bronze, Woodinville, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Earth Tone", Wood and PVC, Burning Man Festival, Black Rock City, Nevada

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Ignition", Reclaimed Granite, Seattle, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Maher Headstone", Reclaimed Granite, Seattle, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Westerleigh Residence", Hard Limestone and Granite, Greenwich, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Hillside Ruin", Limestone, Seattle, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Untitled - Trough and Ruin", Reclaimed Granite and Limestone, Crested Butte, Colorado

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "Untitled - Woven Screens", Sandstone, Kona, Hawaii

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Untitled - Stone Wave", Granite, Tacoma, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "Summer Palace", Granite, Hillsborough, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "Untitled - Park Bench", Reclaimed Granite, Redmond, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "Cross Roads Park - Planned Parenthood", Granite, Seattle, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 "Untitled - Furo", Reclaimed Granite, Redmond, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 "Shadow Box Fire Box", Refractory Brick and Limestone, Highlands, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 "Untitled - Entrance Walls", Basalt, Ephrata, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 "Untitled - Basalt Spray", Basalt, Ephrata, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 "Glasshouse Fireplace", Granite, Seattle Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 "Woodland Spring", Basalt, Orcas Island, Washington

paragraph: Section::::Written works by Richard Rhodes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doing Business Abroad Raises Ethical Concerns"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Survivor: Trapped in New Orleans During Katrina, I used business skills to get home safely"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stone Expressions: Stone Expression and Use in the Built Environment", a forthcoming collection of text and photographs exploring the history and practice of stone work

description: American sculptor and stonemason

wikidata_label: Richard Rhodes

wikipedia_title: Richard Rhodes (sculptor)


text:
Berbers
Bogud
Mauretania
Julius Caesar
Cleopatra
North Africa
Battle of Thapsus
Roman
Africa
Song of the Nile
The Bloodied Toga
When We Were Gods
The Cornhill Magazine
North Africa

categories: Queens consort,Kingdom of Mauretania,Ancient African women,1st-century BC Berber people,1st-century BC women

paragraph: Eunoë (wife of Bogudes)

paragraph: Eunoë, who was descended from Berbers, was the wife of Bogudes, King of Mauretania, and perhaps a mistress of Julius Caesar according to Roman propaganda. She may have replaced Cleopatra in Caesar's affections, when he arrived in North Africa prior to the Battle of Thapsus on April 6, 46 BC. Only a brief romance for the Roman, both Eunoe and Bogudes profited through gifts bestowed on them by Caesar.

paragraph: Eunoe and Cleopatra were among several queens courted by Caesar. Caesar departed from Africa in June 46 BC, five and a half months after he landed.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural depictions.

paragraph: Eunoë has been depicted in several novels about Caesar. Including "Song of the Nile", "The Bloodied Toga" and "When We Were Gods". As well as serialized stories in "The Cornhill Magazine". In fiction her character often serves as a foil for the relationship between Caesar and another woman.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- North Africa

description: wife of Bogudes, King of Mauretania, and a mistress of Julius Caesar

wikidata_label: Eunoe

wikipedia_title: Eunoë (wife of Bogudes)


text:
burgrave
Predjama Castle
Imperial Governor of Trieste
Nikolaj Lueger
Pappenheim
Andrej Baumkircher
Vipava
Frederick III
Matthias Corvinus
Gaspar Ravbar

categories: Slovenian people of Dutch descent,1484 deaths,Carniolan knights,Slovenian people of Luxembourgian descent,15th-century people,Austrian people of Dutch descent,Slovenian people of Belgian descent,People from the Municipality of Postojna,Austrian people of Luxembourgian descent,Medieval Austrian knights

paragraph: Erasmus of Lueg

paragraph: Erasmus of Lueg (, ) was a burgrave of Predjama Castle in the 15th century and a renowned robber baron. Erasmus was the son of the Imperial Governor of Trieste, Nikolaj Lueger. According to legend, in 1483 he killed Marshall Pappenheim at the Vienna Court during an argument in which Pappenheim had offended the honour of Erasmus's friend, Andrej Baumkircher of Vipava. However Pappenheim was a relative of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III so Erasmus fled to his castle Predjama to escape punishment. He then allied himself with the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus and started to attack Habsburg estates and towns in Carniola. Emperor Fredrick III sent the governor of Trieste Gaspar Ravbar to siege Predjama Castle. Ravbar tried to starve Erasmus to death but Erasmus seemed to have an unlimited supply of fresh food, which it was later revealed was being delivered via a secret tunnel through the cave system under the castle.

paragraph: Erasmus was killed after a long siege. According to a popular but unfounded legend, Erasmus was betrayed by one of his men and was killed by a shot from a cannon in his room.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.castles.nl/predjama-castle

description: Slovenian noble

wikidata_label: Erazem Lueger

wikipedia_title: Erasmus of Lueg


text: Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

text: Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

text: Langenburg

text: Kingdom of Württemberg

text: Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

text: Princess Feodora of Leiningen

text: Emich Carl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen

text: Queen Victoria

text: Dresden

text: Gotha

text: law

text: Friedrich Wilhelm University

text: Berlin

text: Austrian army

text: Württemberg Army

text: Hermann

text: morganatically

text: Paris

text: Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria

text: Ritter

text: His Serene Highness

categories: 1829 births,1907 deaths,House of Hohenlohe-Langenburg,People from Langenburg

paragraph: Carl Ludwig II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

paragraph: Carl Ludwig II, 5th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (; 25 October 182916 May 1907), was the eldest son of Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. He was the fifth Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Carl Ludwig II was born at Langenburg, then in the Kingdom of Württemberg, as the first child of Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1794–1860; son of Carl Ludwig I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Countess Amalie of Solms-Baruth) and his wife, Princess Feodora of Leiningen (1807–1862), daughter of Emich Carl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. His mother was the half-sister of Queen Victoria.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Education and military career.

paragraph: After living in Dresden and Gotha for educational purposes, he studied three semesters of law at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin (1850–51). He then spent several years in Langenburg to prepare for his upcoming role as a nobleman. It was not until the mid-1850s that he struck a military career in the Austrian army, later the Württemberg Army, although he was appointed in 1848 to Württemberg Officer.

paragraph: Section::::Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

paragraph: At the death of his father on 12 April 1860, Carl Ludwig inherited the title, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (). He renounced the title on 21 April 1860 in favour of his younger brother Hermann, after he intended to marry unequally. However, he retained the title of Prince ().

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Carl Ludwig was married morganatically on 22 February 1861 in Paris to Maria Grathwohl (1837–1901), eldest daughter of Georg Andreas Grathwohl and his wife, Friederike Meyer. His wife, unable to share his title, was created "Baroness von Bronn" in the nobility of Württemberg, the title being made heritable for all their children and legitimate male-line descendants.

paragraph: They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baron Carl von Bronn (25 January 1862 – 28 September 1925); in 1911, he was elevated to the title of "Prince von Weikersheim" by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, for civil services rendered to the Austrian empire. His descendants were made "Counts" and "Countesses von Weikersheim". He married Countess Marie Czernin von und zu Chudenitz in 1899, and they had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baroness Viktoria von Bronn (8 January 1863 – 10 October 1946), married in 1879 Ernst "Ritter" von Manner und Mätzelsdorf, no issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baroness Beatrix von Bronn (14 October 1868 – 17 April 1932)

paragraph: Section::::Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 25 October 1829 – 12 April 1860: "His Serene Highness" Prince Carl Ludwig of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12 April 1860 – 21 April 1860: "His Serene Highness" The Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 21 April 1860 – 16 May 1907: "His Serene Highness" Prince Carl Ludwig of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

paragraph: Section::::Notes and sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- thePeerage.com - Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Leopold Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogics - Leo van de Pas - Karl, 5.Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Reference: 1956

description: German prince


text: celebrity chef

text: camerlengo

text: Patriarch of Aquileia

text: medieval

text: renaissance

text: Torre

text: Blenio

text: Duchy of Milan

text: Canton Ticino

text: Alfonso V of Aragon

text: Rome

text: Ludovico Trevisan

text: Gian Giacomo Trivulzio

text: Vatican

text: Bartolomeo Sacchi

text: De honesta voluptate et valetudine

text: Bartolomeo Sacchi

text: vermicelli

categories: Italian food writers,Medieval cuisine,15th-century Italian people,Year of death unknown,Italian chefs

paragraph: Martino da Como

paragraph: Martino de Rossi (or Martino de Rubeis, called Maestro Martino or Martino of Como), was an Italian 15th-century culinary expert who was unequalled in his field at the time and could be considered the Western world's first celebrity chef. He made his career in Italy and was the chef at the Roman palazzo of the papal chamberlain ("camerlengo"), the Patriarch of Aquileia. Martino was applauded by his peers, earning him the epitaph of "the prince of cooks". His book "Libro de Arte Coquinaria" ("The Art of Cooking") (c. 1465) is considered a landmark in Italian gastronomic literature and a historical record of the transition from medieval to renaissance cuisine.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Maestro Martino was born around 1430 in Torre, a village in the Blenio Valley, then in the Duchy of Milan, today in Canton Ticino, Switzerland. His early career probably began in northern Italy, as he is referred to variously as both Martino di Como and Martino di Milano, but it seems likely that he spent some time in Naples as many of his recipes show the influence of Spanish cuisine and with the Catalan manuscript "Libre de Sent Soví", Naples having come under lasting Catalan influence after its conquest by Alfonso V of Aragon in 1442.

paragraph: Between 1460 and 1470 he made his way to Rome in order to cook for Ludovico Trevisan, Cardinal Patriarch of Aquileia, who made a name out of lavish banquets and opulent receptions. Later, his services passed on to Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, a Milanese "condottiere" (adventurer) and eventually he ended up at the Vatican.

paragraph: Little more is known about Martino but he was described by his friend Bartolomeo Sacchi (known as Platina) as "Prince of cooks from whom I learned all about cooking" in "De honesta voluptate et valetudine" ("On Honest Pleasure and Good Health") (1474). Platina openly acknowledges in his book that most of his recipes came from Martino whom he compared to a Greek philosopher in his ability to improvise on a culinary theme.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Martino's book of recipes named the "Liber de arte coquinaria" is one of the benchmarks of early European gastronomical literature, a precious testimony of kitchen etiquette and recipes in the Middle Ages. The recipes in this tome were highly influential during the 15th century, so much so that Bartolomeo Sacchi (known as "il Platina") the humanist philosopher and papal librarian, liberally included large portions of its text into his own work on culinary art entitled "De Honesta Voluptae et Valetudine". In fact, almost half of Platina's book is a direct copy of Martino's opus. In acknowledgement of Martino, Platina stated "O immortal gods, which cook could compete with my friend Martino of Como, to a great extent the origin of what is written here?"

paragraph: The first mention of a vermicelli recipe is in the book "De arte Coquinaria per vermicelli e maccaroni siciliani" ("The Art of Cooking Sicilian Macaroni and Vermicelli"), compiled by Martino. In Martino's "Libro de arte coquinaria", there are several recipes for vermicelli, which can last two or three years ("doi o tre anni") when dried in the sun.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Libro de arte coquinaria" (original language text)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Libro de arte coquinaria" (15th-century manuscript, Library of Congress)

alias:
Maestro Martino
Martino Rossi
Martino de Rossi

description: Italian culinary expert

wikidata_label: Martino da Como

wikipedia_title: Martino da Como


text:
Italian
Renaissance
Verona
Inspector Morse
The Death of the Self
Vincenzo di Stefano
Andrea Mantegna
Jacopo Bellini
Giorgio Vasari
Brera Gallery
Chiusi
Princeton University Art Museum
Abbey of Monte Oliveto
Giovanni Francesco Caroto
Francesco Torbido
Paolo Cavazzola

categories: Italian male painters,Italian Renaissance painters,1526 deaths,Veronese painters,People from Verona,16th-century Italian painters,15th-century Italian painters,1441 births

paragraph: Liberale da Verona

paragraph: Liberale da Verona (1441–1526) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Verona.

paragraph: In popular culture:

paragraph: In the British TV series Inspector Morse, in the episode The Death of the Self, the works of Liberale da Verona are subject to forgery.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was a pupil of the painter Vincenzo di Stefano, although he was strongly influenced by Andrea Mantegna and Jacopo Bellini. He was featured in the "Vite" of Giorgio Vasari. In Verona, he painted an "Adoration of the Magi" in the Duomo, and another for the chapel in the bishopric. For the church of San Bernardino, he painted in the chapel of the company of the Maddalena. He also painted a "Birth" and "Assumption of the Virgin". At the Brera Gallery, there is a "St. Stephen". There are illuminated books by him in cathedral of Chiusi. The "St Sebastian" in the Princeton University Art Museum is attributed to Liberale.

paragraph: He traveled to Siena to work in the Abbey of the monks of the Abbey of Monte Oliveto, where he illuminated a number of manuscripts.

paragraph: Among the painters that are cited as his pupils are Giovanni and Giovanni Francesco Caroto; Francesco Torbido also known as "il Moro"; and Paolo Cavazzola.

alias: gen. Liberale di Jacopo Liberale da Verona

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Liberale da Verona

wikipedia_title: Liberale da Verona