text: Portland, Maine

text: Bowdoin College

text: Andover

text: Halle

text: Tholuck

text: Ulrici

text: Neander

text: Hengstenberg

text: Unitarianism

text: Congregational Church

text: moral philosophy

text: Union Theological Seminary

text: Henry Goodwin Smith

text: New England Theology

text: Presbyterians

text: predestination

text: Eschatology

categories: 1815 births,People from Merrimac, Massachusetts,Bowdoin College alumni,1877 deaths

paragraph: Henry Boynton Smith

paragraph: Henry Boynton Smith (November 21, 1815 - February 7, 1877), United States theologian, was born in Portland, Maine. He is best known for introducing many Americans to avant-gard German historical scholarship, especially in his "History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables: A Synchronistic View of the Events, Characteristics, and Culture of Each Period, including the History of Polity, Worship, Literature, and Doctrines: Together with Two Supplementary Tables upon the Church in America; And an Appendix Containing the Series of Councils, Popes, Patriarchs, and Other Bishops, and a Full Index" (1860).

paragraph: He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1834; studied theology at Andover, where his health failed, at Bangor, and, after a year (1836-1837) as librarian and tutor in Greek at Bowdoin, in Germany at Halle, where he became personally intimate with Tholuck and Ulrici, and in Berlin, under Neander and Hengstenberg.

paragraph: He returned to America in 1840, was a tutor for a few months (1840-1841) at Bowdoin, and in 1842, shut out from any better place by distrust of his German training and by his frank opposition to Unitarianism, he became pastor of the Congregational Church of West Amesbury (now Merrimac), Massachusetts. In 1847-1850 he was professor of moral philosophy and metaphysics at Amherst; and in 1850-1854 was Washburn professor of Church history, and in 1854-1874 Roosevelt professor of systematic theology, at Union Theological Seminary. His health failed in 1874 and he died in New York City on 7 February 1877. His son Henry Goodwin Smith was also a theologian.

paragraph: Rejecting the Old School version of New England Theology, Smith was one of the foremost leaders of the new school Presbyterians. His theology is most strikingly contained in the Andover address, "Relations of Faith and Philosophy," which was delivered before the Porter Rhetorical Society in 1849. He always made it clear that the ideal philosophy was Christocentric: he said that Reformed theology must "'Christologize' predestination and decrees, regeneration and sanctification, the doctrine of the Church, and the whole of the Eschatology."

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aubert, Annette G. "Henry Boynton Smith and Church History in Nineteenth-Century America." "Church History" 85.2 (2016).

description: American theologian

wikidata_label: Henry Boynton Smith

wikipedia_title: Henry Boynton Smith


text: I. H. Fichte

text: Pförten

text: Niederlausitz

text: Margraviate of Brandenburg

text: professor

text: University of Halle

text: pantheistic

text: Hegel

text: rationalism

text: idealism

text: soul

text: I. H. Fichte

text: Morrison

text: Schmitz

text: Volume 1-1

text: 1st edition 1866)

text: Volume 1-2

text: Biography

text: pp. 206-07.

categories: People from Brandenburg,1806 births,19th-century German dramatists and playwrights,People from Żary County,Humboldt University of Berlin alumni,German philosophers,1884 deaths,Shakespearean scholars,German male dramatists and playwrights,Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg faculty

paragraph: Hermann Ulrici

paragraph: Hermann Ulrici (; 23 March 180611 January 1884) was a German philosopher. He was co-editor (with I. H. Fichte) of the philosophical journal "Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik". He also wrote under the pseudonym of Ulrich Reimann.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Ulrici was born at Pförten, in the Niederlausitz region of the Margraviate of Brandenburg. He was educated at the in Berlin. He initially studied law, but gave up his profession on the death of his father, and devoted four years to the study of literature, philosophy and science. In 1834 he was appointed professor of philosophy at the University of Halle, where he remained till his death.

paragraph: Section::::Thought.

paragraph: His philosophical standpoint may be characterized as a reaction from the pantheistic tendency of Hegel's idealistic rationalism towards a more pronouncedly theistic position. The Hegelian identity of being and thought is also abandoned and the truth of realism acknowledged, an attempt being made to exhibit idealism and realism as respectively incomplete but mutually complementary systems.

paragraph: Ulrici's later works, while expressing the same views, are largely occupied in proving the existence of God and the soul on the basis of scientific conceptions, and in opposition to the materialistic current of thought then popular in Germany. His first works were in the sphere of literary criticism; of his treatise "On Shakespeare's Dramatic Art" (1839; editions, 1847, 1868, 1874), the 3rd ed. was translated into English by LD Schmitz in 1876. In 1841 he published "Ueber Princip und Methode der Hegelschen Philosophie", a severe criticism of the Hegelian system. This was continued in the "Grundprincip der Philosophie" (1845–1846), which also gives his speculative position. Complementary to this is his "System der Logik" (1852).

paragraph: His later works on the relation of philosophy to science and to the thought of his time were more popular in character. These are "Glauben und Wissen" (1858), "Gott und die Natur" (1862; 3rd ed., 1875), "Gott und der Mensch" (2 vols, 1866–1873; 2nd ed., 1874). From 1847 onward Ulrici edited, jointly with I. H. Fichte, the "Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De indole et ingenio veteris Historiae" (1831)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charakteristik der antiken Historiographie" (1833)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Ulrich Reimann) "Novellen" (1833)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geschichte der Hellenischen Dichtkunst" (1835)

paragraph: BULLET::::- , 1835.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , 1835.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ueber Shakspeare's dramatische Kunst" (1839)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shakespeare's Dramatic Art" (Tr. Morrison) (1846)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shakespeare's Dramatic Art" (Tr. Schmitz) (1876)

paragraph: BULLET::::- , 1876.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , 1876.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ueber Princip und Methode der Hegelschen Philosophie" (1841)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Grundprincip der Philosophie, kritisch und speculativ entwickelt" (1845–1846)

paragraph: BULLET::::- , 1845.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , 1846.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Co-editor) "Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik" (1847–1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "System der Logik" (1852)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Glauben und Wissen, Speculation und exacte Wissenschaft" (1858)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Compendium der Logik" (1860)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gott und die Natur" (1862)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gott und der Mensch", 2 volumes, 1st edition 1866, 2nd ed. 1874

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 1, "Leib und Seele: Grundzüge einer Psychologie des Menschen", 2nd edition, 1874, Volume 1-1 (1st edition 1866), Volume 1-2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 2, 1873. "Grundzüge der praktischen Philosophie: das Naturrecht".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zur logischen Frage" in "Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik" Vol. 55 (1869) and Vol. 56 (1870)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Philosoph Strauss" (1873)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strauss as a philosophical thinker" (1874)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ueber den spiritismus als wissenschaftliche Frage" (1879)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at catalogus-professorum-halensis.de.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary in "Englische Studien", vol. 8 (1885), pp. 206-07.

description: German philosopher

wikidata_label: Hermann Ulrici

wikipedia_title: Hermann Ulrici


href: Mesopotamia Mari%2C%20Syria Karkemish Amorite Iagitlim Mediterranean nomad Canaanites tribute deity Shamash Shamshi-Adad%20I Kings%20of%20Assyria Zimrilim Aleppo

text:
Mesopotamia
Mari
Karkemish
Amorite
Iagitlim
Mediterranean
nomad
Canaanites
tribute
god
Shamash
Shamshi-Adad I
King of Assyria
Zimrilim
Aleppo

categories: 19th-century BC rulers,Amorite kings,Kings of Mari

paragraph: Yahdun-Lim

paragraph: Yahdunlim (or Yakhdunlim) was the name of two different kings in Upper Mesopotamia: one of Mari during the 19th century BC and one of Karkemish during the 18th century BC. The former, of Amorite origin, became king after the death of his father Iagitlim. Yahdunlim built Mari up to become one of the major powers of the region. He led a successful campaign to the coast of the Mediterranean. His kingdom was threatened by incursions from various nomad tribes, such as the Canaanites, but he was able to subjugate them and force them to pay tribute. After having established internal peace, he built a temple to the god Shamash.

paragraph: Elsewhere, Shamshi-Adad I had made himself King of Assyria, and Yahdunlim received pleas for help from kings threatened by Shamshi-Adad's expansionist plans. But before Yahdunlim could move against Shamshi-Adad, he was assassinated by his own servants. In the chaos that followed, Shamshi-Adad occupied Mari. Zimrilim, Iakhdunlim's son and heir, was forced to flee to Aleppo, where he would remain as an exile until Shamshi-Adad's death.

description: King of Mari

wikidata_label: Iakhdunlim

wikipedia_title: Yahdun-Lim


text: Lyon, France

text: École des Beaux-Arts

text: historical painter

text: Hippolyte Delaroche

text: National Academy of Design

text: Brooklyn Art Academy

text: George Inness

text: John LaFarge

text: Charles Dormon Robinson

text: Tenth Street Studio

text: Albert Bierstadt

text: Frederic Church

text: Jasper Francis Cropsey

text: John Frederick Kensett

text: Hudson River School

text: Brooklyn Museum

text: Corcoran Gallery of Art

text: Georgia Museum of Art

text: High Museum of Art

text: Honolulu Museum of Art

text: Hood Museum of Art

text: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

text: Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art

text: New York Historical Society

text: Parrish Art Museum

text: Smith College Museum of Art

text: United States Capitol

text: Walters Art Museum

text: Wheaton College

categories: 1882 deaths,American male painters,Alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts,19th-century French painters,1814 births,French male painters,19th-century American painters

paragraph: Régis François Gignoux

paragraph: Régis François Gignoux (1814–1882) was a French painter who was active in the United States from 1840 to 1870. (Aliases: Marie-François-Régis Gignoux; Régis Francois Gignoux; Régis François Gignoux; Régis-François Gignoux) He was born in Lyon, France and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts under the French historical painter Hippolyte Delaroche, who inspired Gignoux to turn his talents toward landscape painting. Gignoux arrived in the United States from France in 1840 and eventually opened a studio in Brooklyn, New York. He was a member of the National Academy of Design, and was the first president of the Brooklyn Art Academy. George Inness, John LaFarge (1835–1910), and Charles Dormon Robinson were his students. By 1844, Gignoux had opened a studio in New York City and became one of the first artists to join the famous Tenth Street Studio, where other members included Albert Bierstadt, Frederic Church, Jasper Francis Cropsey, and John Frederick Kensett. He returned to France in 1870 and died in Paris in 1882.

paragraph: Gignoux is best known for his meticulous renderings of Northeast American landscapes, and was the only member of the Hudson River School to specialize in snow scenes. The Brooklyn Museum, the Corcoran Gallery of Art (Washington, DC), the Georgia Museum of Art (University of Georgia, Athens), the High Museum of Art (Atlanta, Georgia), the Honolulu Museum of Art, the Hood Museum of Art (Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire), the Museum of Art at Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah), the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (Kansas City, Missouri), the New York Historical Society (New York City), the Parrish Art Museum (Southampton, New York), the Smith College Museum of Art (Northampton, Massachusetts), the United States Capitol Art Collection (Washington, D. C.), the Walters Art Museum (Baltimore, Maryland), the Frances Young Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery at Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, New York), and the Watson Gallery ( Wheaton College, Norton, Massachusetts) are among the public collections holding work by Régis François Gignoux.

paragraph: "A dramatic, newly restored 1843 painting of the interior of Mammoth Cave by Marie-Francois-Regis Gignoux has been restored as part of the conservation program for the Henry Luce III Center for the Study of American Culture at the New-York Historical Society opening in November [2000]. ...In his dramatically lit interior view of Mammoth Cave, Gignoux looks from deep in the cave across the so-called "Rotunda" toward the entrance, which is illuminated by an almost mystical light from the outside. From the War of 1812 onward nitre (lime nitrate) used in making saltpeter, one of the essential elements for gunpowder, was mined and prepared from bat guano in the Rotunda. ..." Currently, Mammoth Cave is touring as part of "The Hudson River School: Nature and the American Vision" organized by the New-York Historical Society.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adamson, Jeremy Elwell, "Niagara, Two Centuries of Changing Attitudes, 1697–1901", Washington, D.C., Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1985, 57.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grinnell, Nancy W., "The Light Beyond", American Art Review, November, 1996.

alias:
Marie-François-Régis Gignoux
Régis Francois Gignoux
Régis-François Gignoux
Régis Gignoux
Marie François-Régis Gignoux
Regis Francois Gignoux
Regis Gignoux
renis gignoux
Gignoux
Regis François Gignoux

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Régis François Gignoux

wikipedia_title: Régis François Gignoux


text: Alsfeld

text: Hesse

text: German

text: draftsman

text: Conceptual art

text: Digital artist

text: Städelschule

text: Frankfurt am Main

text: Cooper Union

text: New York

text: University of Applied Arts

text: Vienna

text: Austria

text: Romrod

text: Vogelsbergkreis

text: Frankfurt

text: Germany

text: HfG Offenbach

text: Christianity

text: Byzantine Art

text: icon

text: Jerusalem

text: container

text: technical pen

text: Rotring

text: drawing

text: computer

text: spiritual

text: virtual

text: palm leaf

text: Alsfeld

text: Autobahn

text: hieratic

text: donkey

text: mosaic

text: Frankfurt am Main

text: atomic nucleus

text: stained glass

text: Resurrection of Jesus

text: line

text: Egyptian Hieroglyphs

text: Middle Age

text: Romanticism

text: Pop Art

text: Villa Massimo

text: Deutsche Bank

text: Museum für Moderne Kunst

text: Museum Folkwang

text: Palm Sunday

text: Prof. Manfred Stumpf at the HfG of Main

categories: People from Alsfeld,German contemporary artists,German digital artists,1957 births,German conceptual artists,Living people

paragraph: Manfred Stumpf

paragraph: Manfred Stumpf (born November 25, 1957 in Alsfeld, Hesse) is a German draftsman, Conceptual artist, and Digital artist. He started to study 1976 with Thomas Bayrle at the Städelschule in Frankfurt am Main, since 1978 with Hans Haake at the Cooper Union in New York, and since 1979 with Bazon Brock at the University of Applied Arts in Vienna, Austria. He currently resides in Romrod in the Vogelsbergkreis and Frankfurt, Germany.

paragraph: In 1995, Stumpf became professor for figure drawing and conceptual drawing in the faculty for Visual Communication and is leading interdisciplinary projects with Prof. Dieter Mankau at the HfG Offenbach.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: ""Searching for a mandatory, symbolic visual depiction, Stumpf discovered early Christianity and the Byzantine Art. He uses these conventionalized symbols for his art and fills them with actual topics.""

paragraph: Stumpf's developed icon "Entry into Jerusalem" (1986) emerged from there and has been sent—during the project "Contempler"—in a container around the world and is still varied by him until today.

paragraph: Right from the start, Stumpf used the technical pen Rotring to work on his clear, flawless and filigree A-4-drawings. As to develop new visual depictions, he used a computer later as well—e.g. the screensaver Angeline (1994/96)—and so moved into a "spiritual/virtual" world.

paragraph: In 1987, he dissolved the element of the palm leaf from his icon and transferred it onto wooden objects, covered them with red paint and placed them in his hometown Alsfeld on an acre, near the Autobahn A5 as hieratic signs.

paragraph: The donkey from "Entry into Jerusalem" lives an independent life as a motif as well, for example on the huge mosaic at the underground station "Habsburgerallee" in Frankfurt am Main, where he carries a clock, a computer display or an atomic nucleus. The mosaic was created in 1992 and displays 66 donkeys on a ca. 7874-inch wall area.

paragraph: In 2005, Stumpf created a stained glass window for the Waldhufen church in Winterkasten (Germany), which represents the "Resurrection of Jesus at Easter". The colors of the window "symbolize the transition from the dark to the light in everybodys life."

paragraph: There is a long tradition to the usage of the line. We can track it from the Egyptian Hieroglyphs with its clear and sharp outlines to Middle Age Paintings, along drawings of Romanticism, the Pop Art, until today.

paragraph: Section::::Scholarships.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 Stipendium der Agency for Cultural Affairs (Bunkacho), Tokyo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 Villa Massimo, Rome

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Stipendium für junge Bildende Künstler, Alsfeld

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 Jahresstipendium der Frankfurter Künstlerhilfe e.V.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 Reinhold Kurt-Kunstpreis der Frankfurter Sparkasse

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 Marielies Hess-Kunstpreis

paragraph: Section::::Collections (Selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artothek Nuremberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sammlung Hanck, Düsseldorf

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt am Main

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum für Moderne Kunst (MMK), Frankfurt am Main

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum Folkwang, Essen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sammlung zeitgenössischer Kunst der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palm Sunday

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manfred Stumpf, Jean-Christoph Amman (Hrsg.), Museum für Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt am Main, "Sketchbook for the icon 'Entry into Jerusalem'", "Cantz Verlag, Ostfildern", 1996,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manfred Stumpf, "OKTOGON", "Museum Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden", 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manfred Stumpf; Thomas Trescher, "Palm", "Edition Wilk, Frankfurt am Main", 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manfred Stumpf, "Manfred Stumpf, Der heilige Kosmonaut, Zeichnungen", "Frankfurter Kunstverein, Frankfurt am Main", 1985?

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manfred Stumpf, "Der heilige Kosmonaut, Zeichnungen", "Edition Wilk, Frankfurt am Main", 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domenig, Krüger, Sanovec, Sommer, Stumpf, "Domenig, Krüger, Sanovec, Sommer, Stumpf: Malerei, Zeichnung, Film", "Galerie Ak, Frankfurt am Main", 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hendricks, Deren, Stumpf, "Zeichnungen von Hendricks, Deren, Stumpf", Museum am Ostwall, Dortmund, 1985

paragraph: br

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prof. Manfred Stumpf at the HfG of Main

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manfred Stumpf at the Church of Christ in Bad Vilbel", Art in Churches, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rainer Lind, "Interview with Manfred Stumpf (Video in German language)", August 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manfred Stumpf Enter Jerusalem", "Saint Louis University, MOCRA", September-November 1997

description: German artist

wikidata_label: Manfred Stumpf

wikipedia_title: Manfred Stumpf


text:
Tullymet
Saskatchewan
Canadian
prairie
Professor Emeritus
University of Manitoba
Assiniboine Park
McMichael sculpture garden
Kleinburg, Ontario
Southey
Ituna
Saskatoon Technical Collegiate
Ernest Lindner
University of Saskatchewan
Eli Bornstein
Winnipeg
University of Manitoba
Chicago Art Institute
Wynona Mulcaster
Dr. Ferdinand Eckhardt
University of North Dakota
Grand Forks
Willem de Kooning
Arshile Gorky
Joan Miro
Max Beckmann
Brandon
Neepawa
Canada Council
Joan Murray
"avant garde"
Walter J. Phillips
Clarence Tillenius
Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
Order of Manitoba
Order of Canada
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
Brighton, England
The University of Western Ontario
London
The National Gallery of Canada
Mackenzie Art Gallery
National Gallery of Canada
MacKenzie Art Gallery
Order of Manitoba profile

categories: Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts,21st-century Canadian painters,Members of the Order of Manitoba,1935 births,Living people,University of Manitoba alumni,University of North Dakota alumni,20th-century Canadian painters,Artists from Winnipeg

paragraph: Ivan Eyre

paragraph: Ivan Kenneth Eyre, (born 15 April 1935 in Tullymet, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian artist best known for his prairie landscapes and compositionally abstract, figurative paintings. In addition, Eyre is a Professor Emeritus of painting and drawing at the University of Manitoba where he taught for 33 years, from 1959 until his retirement in 1992. He has been described as a "visual philosopher" and "a true outsider and visionary".

paragraph: Ivan Eyre's paintings and drawings have been exhibited internationally and are featured in numerous galleries across Canada. His sculptures are prominently displayed at Assiniboine Park and the McMichael sculpture garden in Kleinburg, Ontario.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life.

paragraph: Ivan Eyre was born to Thomas and Katie Eyre in Tullymet, Saskatchewan in 1935. Eyre began school at the age of five, during which time his family relocated twice: first to Southey in 1940, then again to Ituna in 1941. Shortly thereafter, Katie and her three children left their rural environment and moved to urban Saskatoon while Thomas Eyre worked abroad as an Air Force electrician.

paragraph: Eyre developed an artistic interest at an early age. At the age of 15, while still a high school student, he began taking after-school art lessons at the Saskatoon Technical Collegiate where he studied under Ernest Lindner for the duration of 1950-1953. According to Eyre: "Knowing that there was somebody seriously committed to art, somebody who had made it his life's work, was encouraging. [Lindner's] influence in this regard was important."

paragraph: Eyre went on to attend evening classes at the University of Saskatchewan which were taught by Eli Bornstein in his final year of high school.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Post-secondary education.

paragraph: In 1953, Eyre moved to Winnipeg where he attended the University of Manitoba School of Art, graduating in 1957 with a BA in fine arts. In his autobiography, Eyre reminisces about the tutelage of his professors and class trips to the Chicago Art Institute. He was a pupil of artists Wynona Mulcaster and George Swinton. During his schooling as an undergraduate, Eyre exhibited several works at the Winnipeg Art Gallery, winning the attention and support of then gallery director, Dr. Ferdinand Eckhardt. Eyre received the Winnipeg Art Gallery Scholarship for his achievements in 1956. Around the time of his graduation, he married Brenda Yvonne Fenske, a peer student at the university.

paragraph: Eyre continued on to the University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, in 1958-59 as a master's candidate where he both studied and taught as a graduate assistant. He completed several sculptural projects, among them his "first wooden head" which is currently stored in a private collection in Ottawa. The American art scene was in full swing and Eyre's paintings became open to influences from such artists like Willem de Kooning, Arshile Gorky, Joan Miro, and Max Beckmann.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Professorship.

paragraph: Due to financial difficulties, Eyre and his wife returned to Winnipeg in 1959 where he was hired on a part-time basis by the University of Manitoba's School of Art. For one year, Eyre taught painting and drawing to students in Brandon and Neepawa as part of the university's extension course program. In 1960, Eyre became a full-time instructor, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1992.

paragraph: Eyre began developing his individualistic style during this period. Eyre remembers that around 1960-1962, "I began to reevaluate my work and decided to begin afresh...I worked at ridding myself of all influences."

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Travels abroad.

paragraph: In 1966, the Canada Council provided Eyre with a Canada Council Senior Arts Grant which allowed him and his family to spend a year and four months in Europe. Upon his return, Eyre wrote a report for the Canada Council of his experiences, criticizing "what was, for the most part, being hailed in the major centres as 'breakthroughs' in paintings."

paragraph: At Eckhardt's recommendation, Eyre's work was selected for an exhibition at the "Frankfurter Kunstkabinett" in 1973 and entered the German art world with great success.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Style.

paragraph: Working primarily in oil and acrylic mediums, Eyre's figurative paintings and still lifes tend to be spatially complex, his landscapes large and panoramic. Canadian art historian Joan Murray commented on the expressiveness of Eyre's work, noting that Eyre's corpus reflects the artist's imagination, memories, and perceptions of the world. Eyre's subjects and approaches are versatile and prone to mutability. Murray also claimed that Eyre's art "has, to a degree unusual in Canadian art: a pervading sense of stillness and calm." James D. Campbell remarked on Eyre's "existential sensibility" by pointing to the dark and violent undercurrents in Eyre's thematic reinterpretations of the world.

paragraph: Eyre rejects the notion of "schools" or "movements", whether coined as such by art historians or artists. Prioritizing the concept of artist-as-individual-creator above all else, Eyre has criticized movements such as the "avant garde" for restricting the creative capabilities of artists who fall under their umbrella and binding their adherents to a specific style or direction.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Price.

paragraph: In 1974, the Winnipeg Art Gallery purchased Eyre's 1973 painting "Tanglewood" for a record-breaking price never before paid for the work of a Manitoba artist. Today, a typical Eyre painting has an auction value of approximately $30,000 to upwards of $300,000.

paragraph: Section::::Ivan Eyre Gallery.

paragraph: The third floor of the Assiniboine Park pavilion museum in Winnipeg, Manitoba is named for Ivan Eyre who is one of several Manitoban artists (including Walter J. Phillips and Clarence Tillenius) honoured and exhibited at the pavilion. The "WAG @ The Park" initiative launched in fall of 2016 upon completion of renovations due to moisture and roof leaks. In collaboration with the Assiniboine conservancy, the Winnipeg Art Gallery agreed to curate free exhibitions in the revamped space using only works by Eyre, Phillips, and Tillenius.

paragraph: The Assiniboine Park conservancy houses Canada's largest collection of Eyre's art, made possible by Eyre's donation of 200 paintings, 5000 drawings, and 16 sculptures to the park. The current exhibition is titled "Wasteland Dreamland: Early Works by Ivan Eyre, 1957-1969."

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, elected member

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: Queen's Silver Jubilee medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982: University of Manitoba Alumni Jubilee award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Order of Manitoba

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Order of Canada with the grade of member

paragraph: Section::::List of solo exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. "Ivan Eyre Drawings" (c. 5 December)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964: The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. "[One-artist]" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964: The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. "[One-artist]" (–8 March)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964: The Winnipeg Art Gallery. "Ivan Eyre"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: Fleet Gallery, Winnipeg. "Ivan Eyre" (–23 February)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: Albert White Galleries, Toronto. "Ivan Eyre, Winnipeg" (c. 17 April – 4 May)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: Yellow Door Gallery, Winnipeg. "[One-artist]"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: The Winnipeg Art Gallery. "Ivan Eyre Drawings" (27 September – 16 October)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: Atelier Vincitore Gallery, Brighton, England. "Painting, Sculpture, Drawing by Ivan Eyre" (27 January – 11 February)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968: Mendel Art Gallery, Saskatoon. "Ivan Eyre" (20 February – 25 March)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: The Morris Gallery, Toronto. "[One-artist]" (Spring)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: Fleet Gallery, Winnipeg. "[One-artist]" (c. 1 May)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971: The Morris Gallery, Toronto. "Ivan Eyre, New Paintings and Sculpture" (27 February – 13 March)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973–1974: Frankfurter Kunstkabinett, West Germany. "Ivan Eyre"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: Burnaby Art Gallery. "Ivan Eyre: Sculpture, Paintings, Drawings" (2–27 May)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: The Morris Gallery, Toronto. "Ivan Eyre" (5–19 May)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: Art Gallery of Greater Victoria. "Drawings by Ivan Eyre" (8 May – 3 June)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: McIntosh Gallery, The University of Western Ontario, London. "Ivan Eyre" (17 October – 18 November)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: The Winnipeg Art Gallery. "Ivan Eyre: Recent Paintings and Sculpture" (c. 21 March – 9 June)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: Playhouse Theatre, Fredericton/New Brunswick Museum, Saint John. "Ivan Eyre, paintings" (18–31 October, 5 –26 November)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: Gallery 111, School of Art, The University of Manitoba. "Ivan Eyre: Recent Paintings and Sculpture" (c. 21 March – 9 June)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978: The National Gallery of Canada. "Ivan Eyre Drawings"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979: Mira Godard Gallery, Calgary. "Ivan Eyre" (26 October – 17 November)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: The Winnipeg Art Gallery. "Ivan Eyre: Landscapes and Still Lifes" (15 September – 29 October)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Balkind, A., Bringhurst. R. (1983). Visions: Contemporary art in Canada. Vancouver, B.C.: Douglas & McIntyre Ltd.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bovey, Patricia E., and Ivan Eyre. Ivan Eyre, Drawings, 1965-1981 : 15 April – 15 June 1982. Victoria, B.C.: Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campbell, James D., Ivan Eyre, and Andrew Oko. Masks & Shadows : The Art of Ivan Eyre. Regina: Mackenzie Art Gallery, 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ---. Masks & Shadows : The Art of Ivan Eyre. Regina: Mackenzie Art Gallery, 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eyre, Ivan, et al. Figure Ground : Paintings and Drawings of Ivan Eyre. Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eyre, Ivan, and Helen Coy. Recent Paintings & Drawings. [Winnipeg: Gallery 111, 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eyre, Ivan. Ivan Eyre : Recent Paintings and Sculpture : A Winnipeg Centennial Exhibition, the Winnipeg Art Gallery - 1974. Winnipeg: The Gallery, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ---. Ivan Eyre : The Winnipeg Art Gallery, 18 Dec. 1969 – 18 Jan. 1970. [Winnipeg?: s.n., 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heath, Terrence, and Ivan Eyre. Ivan Eyre : Personal Mythologies. Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, Joan, and Iva Eyre. Ivan Eyre : Exposition. Oshawa, [Ont.]: Robert McLaughlin Gallery, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, Joan. Ivan Eyre : Exposition. Oshawa, Ont.: Robert McLaughlin Gallery, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winnipeg, Man Art Gallery, I. Eyre, and T. Heath. Ivan Eyre - Personal Mythologies. 1988:, 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winnipeg, Man Art Gallery. Ivan Eyre. 1969:, 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ---. Ivan Eyre: Recent Paintings and Sculpture. 1974:, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woodcock, George, and Ivan Eyre. Ivan Eyre. Don Mills, Ont: Fitzhenny & Whiteside, 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woodcock, George. Ivan Eyre. Don Mills, Canada: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ---. Ivan Eyre. Don Mills, Ont.: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1981.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Gallery of Canada

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacKenzie Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Manitoba profile

description: Canadian artist

wikidata_label: Ivan Eyre

wikipedia_title: Ivan Eyre


href: Lutheran Breslau Wroc%C5%82aw Silesia Anabaptists education%20of%20women

text:
Lutheran
Breslau
Wrocław
Silesia
Anabaptists
education of women

categories: 1554 deaths,People from Wrocław,German male non-fiction writers,1494 births,German Lutheran theologians

paragraph: Ambrosius Moibanus

paragraph: Ambrosius Moibanus (4 April 1494 – 16 January 1554) was a German Lutheran theologian and reformer, and first Lutheran pastor at St Elisabeth's church in Breslau (now Wrocław).

paragraph: He was active in Silesia. He was an opponent of the Anabaptists, and pressed for their persecution.

paragraph: He was also a proponent of the education of women.

description: German theologian

wikidata_label: Ambrosius Moibanus

wikipedia_title: Ambrosius Moibanus


text:
Newcastle, Ontario
William Chase
Académie Julian
London, Ontario

categories: 1951 deaths,20th-century Canadian artists,People from Clarington,20th-century Canadian women artists,Artists from Ontario,1859 births

paragraph: Caroline Farncomb

paragraph: Caroline Farncomb (1859–1951) was a Canadian artist. She was born in Newcastle, Ontario and studied with William Chase in New York, in London, and in Paris at the Académie Julian. Farncomb died in London, Ontario in 1951.

description: Canadian artist

wikidata_label: Caroline Farncomb

wikipedia_title: Caroline Farncomb


text:
Valencian
Occitan
courtly love
troubadour
Neapolitan
Procita
Hohenstaufen
Peter III of Aragon
Centelles
Vilaragut
Sicily
Martin the Humane
John I's
Sardinia
men-at-arms
street fighting
Genoa
Pope Benedict XIII
Sant Honorat
Sant Domingo de València
Martí de Riquer
Cançoner Vega-Aguiló
Ultraviolet
Escorial
Occitan
chansonnier
heptasyllabic
octosyllabic
decasyllabic
Consistori del Gay Saber
Toulouse
Consistori de Barcelona
Andreu Febrer
Jordi de Sant Jordi
trobar ric
alchemist
ballade
Dante's
mesnada
Vita nuova
Incipitario de Gilabert de Próixita.

categories: French male poets,Year of birth unknown,Medieval Catalan-language writers,Occitan poets,1405 deaths

paragraph: Gilabert de Próixita

paragraph: Gilabert de Próixita (died 4 December 1405) was a Valencian poet with twenty-one extant Occitan pieces. He is credited by his first editor with a "renovellament" (renewal) of Catalan poetry through the incorporation of Italian and French ideas into a model of courtly love taken from the classical troubadours. His last name is variously spelled Próxita, Próxida, and Progita in medieval orthography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gilabert was a member of an old Neapolitan family, the Procita (or Procida), favourites of the Hohenstaufen and then of Peter III of Aragon, who established them in Valencia. By the fourteenth century they were involved in a local conflict on the side of the Centelles against the Vilaragut. Gilabert was the fifth son of Nicolau de Próxita and Elvira de Centelles. With his older brothers Olf and Tomàs he participated in the expedition to Sicily under Martin the Humane in 1392. In 1395 he and his brothers took part in John I's expedition to Sardinia and Sicily.

paragraph: On returning from military service abroad to Valencia in 1396 Gilabert became involved in the conflict between the Centelles and the Vilaragut and in May that year was sentenced, along with the factional leaders, to exile by the city council. On 11 November 1398 he and some other knights led a band of Centelles, including forty men-at-arms, in street fighting against Pere de Vilaragut. As a result, he was imprisoned again and did not regain his freedom until October 1399.

paragraph: On 4 December 1405, according to a document uncovered in the Arxiu Municipal de València (Municipal Archive of Valencia) by Lluís Cerveró i Gomis, Gilabert died in Genoa while in the service of Pope Benedict XIII. He left behind a widow, Bernarda de Valeriola, who remarried to Guillem Ramon de Centelles, and a daughter Joana. He was buried in the familial chapel of Sant Honorat in the convent of Sant Domingo de València.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Gilabert was basically unknown until his poems were published in a modern edition by Martí de Riquer in "Poesies" ("Els Nostres Clàssics": Barcelona, 1954). Many of his poems are found only in the Cançoner Vega-Aguiló, which has suffered damage to do poor humidity, rendering much of his work illegible to the naked eye. Ultraviolet innovations have, however, permitted this difficulty to be overcome and now his poems have been copied in their entirety. The Vega-Aguiló only records their author as "Próxita", but the library of the Escorial contains a sixteenth-century Occitan chansonnier with some works by "Mossèn Gilabert de Próxita, poeta".

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.:Prosody and language.

paragraph: Gilabert used a variety of meters: heptasyllabic, octosyllabic, and most of all decasyllabic. Some poems vary the metre but it is always intentional: Gilabert is second to none among his generation in the perfection of his metre, which appears to be influenced by the standards of the Consistori del Gay Saber in Toulouse.

paragraph: Though Gilabert wrote in literary Occitan, clearly inspired by and learned from the classical troubadours, his language is not devoid of Catalan influences, especially where the adopted idiom lacks a solution to a problem. For all this he has a richer vocabulary than his contemporary Catalans.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.:Theme.

paragraph: Gilabert's surviving poetry is uniform in theme. It is a subjective treatment of love and the various states it gives rise to in the poet. His poetry is completely impoverished of references or allusions to anything historical or objective and it is never narrative or anecdotal. The sole "facts" which can be gleaned from his total œuvre are that he was a knight, his wife came from a higher social stratum, and one of his poems was presented to a "novell consistori" (new consistory), probably the Consistori de Barcelona, founded 1393.

paragraph: The themes that dominated Occitan poetry at the turn of the thirteenth century dominate Gilabert's poetry at the turn of the fourteenth, in a peculiarly exaggerated form. He is greater than the troubadours, however, in his originality of his details and the accuracy of his expression. To the lady to whom he pledges vassallage he also presents himself a humble and loyal servant, willing to do whatever pleases her, even allowing himself to be killed. Gilabert is essentially feudal in his terminology.

paragraph: Gilabert dwells on the cruelty ("cruseltat granda") of the lady and the "llanguiment" (disease) of the poet, his love, which pushes him to extremes (like death) and obsession. This drove him to greater heights of poetic eloquence than most of his Catalan contemporaries. This obsessiveness he shares with Andreu Febrer. The lines

paragraph: Mas ya d'uymay sots en la derraria,br

paragraph: que ma dolor e mos mals cesseran;br

paragraph: car per vos muyr, d'on per mort fineranbr

paragraph: los gran turme[n]ts que·m donatz cascun dia.br

paragraph: Ja no us porets ab me plus deportar . . .

paragraph: from "Pus que vos play, dompna, que res no us dia" were almost certainly on the mind of Jordi de Sant Jordi when he began his famous "Stramps".

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.:Style.

paragraph: Gilabert, despite his expressiveness and subjectivity, is not an introspective poet. He can be repetitive and artificial. Though he sometimes loses himself in lengthy and wordy explanations he does not stray into the "trobar ric", as does his contemporary Andreu Febrer. His writing is grammatically impeccable. Most of his images and metaphors are not original, like the "Castell d'Amor" (castle of love), but are current for his time. His military allusions are more effective because they stem from personal experiences. Other ornaments of Gilabert's poetry, evidence of the scope of the poet's reading, are the story of the bird burned by flying near the sun and the foolish alchemist.

paragraph: For two poems Gilabert adopted a French-style "ballade", then new to Catalonia: "Mals perladors vulh per tostemps maldir" and "Lo cor e·lhs huelhs m'an lo cors mis en pena". The themes, such as "lausengiers" (the jealous), remain troubadour-esque and the works pulse with the "semicavalleresc ambient" of c. 1400 Valencia.

paragraph: There is similarity between Gilabert's phrase "de valor coronada" and Dante's "coronata e vestita d'umilitate", but the coronation is the only commonality. Dante's "humility" gives the sense of virtue, but Gilabert's "valour" is purely feudal/chivalric in tenor. He considers himself "de la mainada" ("of the mesnada") of his "dona" (lady), as he was of the king's and the faction's during his military career. He is closer to his classical troubadour forebearers of c. 1200 than the Italians of his own day, though his poetry displays a familiarity with Dante. In "Dona del mon no·s pens que per amors" Gilabert endeavours to keep the lady's name (and their love) a secret, lest she have others who believe they are loved by her. He inserts certain words in the poem specifically for this lady to whom it is dedicated, and whom he has been serving for nine years. A parallel exists between Gilabert's unnamed lady and Dante's "donna-schermo" of the "Vita nuova".

paragraph: Section::::Edited texts available online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Incipitario de Gilabert de Próixita.

description: French writer

wikidata_label: Gilabert de Próixita

wikipedia_title: Gilabert de Próixita


text:
Magna Carta
Warkworth Castle
Robert fitzRoger
hostilities
John of England
Lincoln
Henry III of England
Hugh de Balliol
Roger FitzJohn
Patrick II, Earl of Dunbar
Patrick III, Earl of Dunbar
Lords Eure
Magna Carta Barons Association
John FitzRobert

categories: English feudal barons,People temporarily excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church,13th-century English people,Magna Carta barons

paragraph: John FitzRobert

paragraph: John FitzRobert (ca. 1190–1240) (de Clavering) is listed as one of the Surety Barons in Magna Carta (1215) where he is described as Lord of Warkworth Castle. He was the son of Robert fitzRoger and Margaret Chesney.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1213 and 1215 John served as the sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk. With the renewal of hostilities in the autumn of 1215 he joined the barons in waging war against King John of England. After the baronial defeat at Lincoln in May, he submitted to King Henry III of England's minority government. He served as the sheriff of Northumberland from 1224 to 1227.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: He married Ada, ca. 1218, a daughter of Hugh de Balliol and Cecily de Fontaines. His son Roger FitzJohn, Lord of Warkworth, married Isabel de Dunbar daughter of Patrick II, Earl of Dunbar. His daughter Cecily married Patrick III, Earl of Dunbar. He was also the father of a son Hugh de Eure from whom the Lords Eure descend and Robert de Eure, ancestor of the Eures of Axholm.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magna Carta Barons Association: John FitzRobert

wikidata_label: John FitzRobert

wikipedia_title: John FitzRobert


href: tyrant Rhegium Reggio%20Calabria Messenia Peloponnese Samos Ionia Zancle Sicily Scythes Messina Messene Pausanias%20%28geographer%29 Sparta Zancle Terillus Himera Carthage Theron%20of%20Acragas Agrigentum Gelo Himera Locrians Hiero%20I%20of%20Syracuse Epicharmus%20of%20Kos Hiero%20I%20of%20Syracuse Micythus Leophron

text:
tyrant
Rhegium
Reggio Calabria
Messenia
Peloponnese
Samians
Ionia
Zancle
Sicily
Scythes
Messana
Messene
Pausanias
Sparta
Zancle
Terillus
Himera
Carthaginians
Theron
Agrigentum
Gelo
Himera
Locrians
Hiero I of Syracuse
Epicharmus
Hiero
Micythus
Leophron

categories: Ancient Olympic competitors,476 BC deaths,Ancient Messenians,Year of birth unknown,Ancient Rhegians,Ancient Greek rulers,Sicilian tyrants,5th-century BC Greek people

paragraph: Anaxilas

paragraph: Anaxilas or Anaxilaus (), son of Cretines, was a tyrant of Rhegium (modern Reggio Calabria). He was originally from Messenia, a region in the Peloponnese.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Anaxilas was master of Rhegium in 494 BC, when he encouraged the Samians and other Ionian fugitives to seize Zancle, a city across the strait in Sicily which was then under the rule of the tyrant Scythes. Shortly after the Samian takeover, Anaxilas besieged the city himself, drove the Samians out, peopled it with fresh inhabitants, and changed its name to Messana, after his native Messene.

paragraph: Pausanias tells a somewhat different story. After the second war with the Spartans, Anaxilas assisted the refugees from Messina in the Peloponnese to take Zancle in Sicily.

paragraph: Anaxilas married Cydippe, daughter of Terillus, tyrant of Himera. In 480 he obtained the assistance of the Carthaginians for his father-in-law, who had been expelled from his city by Theron, tyrant of Agrigentum. It was this auxiliary army that Gelo defeated at Himera. Anaxilas wanted to destroy the Locrians, but was prevented by Hiero I of Syracuse, as related by Epicharmus.

paragraph: Anaxilas' daughter was married to Hiero. Anaxilaus died in 476, leaving Micythus guardian of his children. These gained control of their inheritance only in 467, when Leophron became tyrant. However, in 461 the new rulers were removed by a popular revolt of both the citizens of Rhegium and Messana.

description: Tyrant/modern Rhegium

wikidata_label: Anaxilas

wikipedia_title: Anaxilas


text:
sculptor
architect
Notre-Dame de Paris
Pierre de Montreuil
transept
cloister
Le Mans
Palais du Louvre
Pierre de Chelles
Chartres cathedral

categories: French sculptors,French male sculptors,Gothic architects,13th-century French architects,1265 deaths,Year of birth unknown,1258 births,Stonemasons,French ecclesiastical architects

paragraph: Jean de Chelles

paragraph: Jean (or Jehan) de Chelles (working 1258–1265) was a master mason and sculptor who was one of the architects at the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. On the exterior wall of the south transept a stone plaque is signed "Johanne Magistro" and dated February 1257, documenting the initiation of alterations to the transept and its portal. On his death in 1265 he was succeeded by Master Pierre de Montreuil.

paragraph: Jean de Chelles is credited with the south end of the transept of Nôtre Dame de Paris, the portal of the cloister and its rose window, and the portail Saint Etienne.

paragraph: He is supposed to have worked with Pierre de Montreuil on the Cathedral of Saint Julien, Le Mans. A Jean de Chelles was working on the Palais du Louvre in 1265, under the direction of Raymond du Temple. He is sometimes thought to have worked on the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, but Robert Branner believes this to have actually been created by Thomas Cormont, who had previously worked at Amiens.

paragraph: The Pierre de Chelles, "Maître de l'Œuvre de la cathédrale de Paris", who, with others, inspected the vaults and other work at Chartres cathedral in an official capacity, 9 September 1316, may have been a son or nephew, succeeding him at Notre-Dame de Paris.

alias:
Jehan de Chelles
Jean De Chelles

description: French artist

wikidata_label: Jean de Chelles

wikipedia_title: Jean de Chelles


text: Wontergem

text: Belgian

text: racing cyclist

text: 1926 Tour de France

text: Gustave Van Slembrouck

text: Lucien Buysse

text: Marcel Buysse

categories: 1901 births,Belgian male cyclists,Sportspeople from East Flanders,Tour de France cyclists,People from Deinze,Belgian Tour de France stage winners,1950 deaths

paragraph: Jules Buysse

paragraph: Jules Buysse (Wontergem, 13 August 1901 – 31 December 1950) was a Belgian racing cyclist.

paragraph: Buysse was the youngest of three brothers who competed in the Tour de France. He won the first stage of 1926 Tour de France by 13 minutes and 6 seconds, allowing him to wear the yellow jersey for two days until losing it to fellow Belgian Gustave Van Slembrouck. He finished the tour in 9th place.

paragraph: His brothers were Lucien Buysse, who won the 1926 Tour de France, and Marcel Buysse who won six stages on the 1913 Tour.

paragraph: Section::::Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Tour de France results for Jules Buysse

description: Road racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Jules Buysse

wikipedia_title: Jules Buysse


text: Iraq

text: Ba'ath Party

text: Saddam Hussein

text: Sajida Talfah

text: Adnan Khairallah

text: mayor

text: Baghdad

text: Al-Awja

text: Baghdad Vilayet

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Army revolt

text: dispatching a taskforce

text: 'Abd al-Ilah

text: Iraqi Independence Party

text: Tikrit

text: Saddam Hussein

text: Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr

text: Nazi regime

text: Swedish Fish

text: Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr

text: Anti-Iranianism

text: Iranian Embassy Siege

text: Telegraph article on Saddam's life

categories: Mayors of Baghdad,Iraqi Arab nationalists,Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region politicians,1993 deaths,1910 births,Place of death missing,Iraqi Sunni Muslims,Anti-Iranian sentiments,Place of birth missing

paragraph: Khairallah Talfah

paragraph: Khairallah Talfah (1910–1993; ), also known as Khayr-Allah Telfah, Kairallah Tolfah, Khairallah Tolfah , or Khairallah Tilfah, was an Iraqi Ba'ath Party official, and the maternal uncle and father-in-law of Saddam Hussein. He was the father of Sajida Talfah, Saddam's first wife, and of Adnan Khairallah, defence minister. Saddam made Khairallah Talfah mayor of Baghdad, but was forced to remove him due to Talfah's corruption.

paragraph: Talfah is the author of "".

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Talfah was born in 1910 in the village of Al-Awja, 5 km south of Tikrit, and then part of the Baghdad Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Talfah, a teacher and an Arab nationalist, was a member of the al-Jawwal society and later participated as an Iraqi Army Officer in the Army revolt of 1941 led by Rasheed A'ali Al-Gaylani against the Iraqi Royal institution supported by the occupying British forces. The revolt did not achieve any major changes, with the British dispatching a taskforce which occupied the country and re-installed the ousted pro-British Regent 'Abd al-Ilah. Many Iraqi soldiers who had participated in the revolt were pardoned, largely keeping their ranks and military position. Talfah was expelled from the army and spent six years in prison for his part in the revolt.

paragraph: He would later play a role in the founding of the anti-British and Arab nationalist Iraqi Independence Party. He was released from prison in 1947. Following his release he returned to Tikrit, where his nephew Saddam Hussein moved back in with him and began school. Saddam had previously lived with Talfah prior to the 1941 coup and subsequent war, but had moved back in with his parents during Talfah's imprisonment. Unlike Talfah, Saddam's mother and step-father beat him and prevented him from receiving an education.

paragraph: He became the Governor of Baghdad in 1958, a member of the Higher Education and Scientific Research Council in 1972, and served as head of the Civil Service Board from 1973 to 1982.

paragraph: He became President of the Association of Veteran Warriors جمعية المحاربين القدماء after the Baath party took control of power in 1968.

paragraph: He collected a considerable wealth using his influence as a close family member of both Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein. He formed a retail and property organisation widely known as Khairallah Talfah Society جمعية خير الله طلفاح . One of the greatest money generators was buying worthless farmland on cities outskirts where residential land was at very short supply, dividing them into thousands of residential plots, then selling them on at a high profit to people, usually government workers like military, police, teachers, and others.

paragraph: He headed the War Veterans Society (Veteran Warriors or more commonly called the Khairallah Talfah Society, جمعية خير الله طلفاح). With the huge shortages of almost all consumer goods that became the new phenomena soon after the Baath Party took power on 17 July 1968, the Khairallah Talfah Society جمعية خير الله طلفاح was importing goods at the heavily subsidised dinar/dollar rates then making considerable profits from selling these goods on to very grateful people.

paragraph: When he became Mayor of Baghdad in early 1970s, he was more preoccupied by "morality" and "righteous behaviour" than other duties. He ordered the security service and police force to spray paint on legs of any woman wearing short skirts, and tearing the bell-bottom trousers worn by any male or female. These trousers were fashionable at the time. These actions against any "Westernised" contemporary trends only lasted for a few weeks and were terminated abruptly, probably when Vice President Saddam Hussein intervened. These "trendy" fashions subsequently spread all over the country and had been worn even by Talfah's own sons and daughters.

paragraph: Section::::Views and personal life.

paragraph: He sympathized with the Nazi regime.

paragraph: He was quite outspoken and could be quite blunt and sometimes inconsiderate with people he disagreed with. He was known to have been quite opinionated, sharp of tongue, and occasionally obnoxious, though he tried to portray himself as a strict religious figure.

paragraph: Shortly before his death, he had his leg(s) amputated as a result of diabetes. It is widely known that he loved candy and all things sweet, especially Swedish Fish.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His sons and daughters were known to behave like miniatures of their father. It was alleged that they could be quite unpleasant to people, expecting others to show obedience, deference and acknowledge their superiority.

paragraph: His daughter Ilham إلهام (born 1955 and later died of cancer) was schooled in the famously good and strict Christian convent girls' school of Rahibat Al-Taqdomah مدرسة راهبات التقدمة. Ilham was the sister of Sajida (Saddam's wife) and Adnan Khairallah (Defence Minister). All three were the offspring of Talfah's first wife.

paragraph: The daughters of President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr were in that school راهبات التقدمة before Ilham. Al-Bakr's daughters were known to have been very well behaved, mingling seamlessly with all others and not showing any of the superiority and arrogance that became the usual behaviour of Khairallah Talfah's daughter Ilham. It is reported that Ilham disagreed with a Kurd girl's opinion in a religious education lesson; then the secret service, sent by her father Talfah the next morning, arrested the young girl who was then reportedly released after a few days but never joined the school again. Ilham was reportedly saying that she had to get her arrested to teach her and any other person who dares to "behave inappropriately" a good lesson.

paragraph: Ilham married Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr's son, only to divorce from him as soon as Saddam took power from Al-Bakr, allegedly through the influence of her father Talfah. Ilham then married Watban وطبان, Saddam's half brother.

paragraph: Khairallah Talfah's son Lou'ay لؤي was shot with a hand gun in 1983 while in the resort of Habbaniya. The bullet fractured his femur and an emergency surgery to fix the fracture with a plate and screws was performed in Rasheed Military Hospital in Baghdad on the same night. He made a full recovery after a few weeks' stay in Rasheed Military Hospital Officers' Fracture ward. The surgery was performed by Major General Doctor Moflih Al-Dulaimi اللواء الطبيب مفلح فارس الدليمي اختصاصي جراحة العظام والكسور who happened to have been on-on call that night. The circumstances of the shooting were not clear, but he claimed that it had been an accidental shooting while cleaning the gun. However, no gunpowder wounds وشم بارودي were reported to have been seen on the entry wound by the surgeons. This means that the gun was unlikely to have been fired within 90 cm of the injured, and therefore, it could not have been self-inflicted.

paragraph: Section::::Family.:Family ties.

paragraph: He had strong family ties with the highest Iraqi power figures:

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr's brother in law (Al-Bakr was married to Talfah's sister).

paragraph: BULLET::::- His daughter Ilham married Haytham (Al-Bakr's eldest son), only to divorce when Al-Bakr lost power to Saddam Hussein then married Watban (Saddam's half brother).

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was Saddam Hussein's uncle (Saddam's mother was his sister Sabha).

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was Saddam's father in law (Saddam Hussein was married to Talfah's daughter, Sajida).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anti-Iranianism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iranian Embassy Siege by Iraqi terrorists

paragraph: BULLET::::- United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq war

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Telegraph article on Saddam's life

description: Iraqi politician And Sajida Talfah Father

wikidata_label: Khairallah Talfah

wikipedia_title: Khairallah Talfah


text:
New York Supreme Court
Albany, New York

categories: 1932 deaths,New York Supreme Court Justices,1859 births

paragraph: Francis Blase Delehanty

paragraph: Francis Blase Delehanty (February 3, 1859 - October 7, 1932) was a justice of the New York Supreme Court.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born on February 3, 1859 to Michael Delehanty and Mary Quinn in Albany, New York.

paragraph: He married Annie Ceclia.

paragraph: He died on October 7, 1932.

wikidata_label: Francis Blase Delehanty

wikipedia_title: Francis Blase Delehanty


text:
New York Community Chorus
West Newton, Pennsylvania
Manhattan, New York City

categories: American choral conductors,1874 births,American male conductors (music),Classical musicians from Pennsylvania,People from West Newton, Pennsylvania,20th-century American musicians,20th-century American conductors (music),1948 deaths,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Harry Horner Barnhart

paragraph: Harry Horner Barnhart (May 24, 1874 - September 3, 1948) was the conductor of the New York Community Chorus.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born on May 24, 1874 in West Newton, Pennsylvania to Peter DeWitt Barnhart and Nancy A. Horner. He married Anna Vogan Reynolds.

paragraph: He died on November 3, 1948 in Manhattan, New York City.

wikidata_label: Harry Horner Barnhart

wikipedia_title: Harry Horner Barnhart


text: mix engineer

text: Larrabee Sound Studios

text: North Hollywood

text: California

text: Dave Pensado

text: Grammy Award

text: Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)

text: Beyoncé

text: Blame It

text: Jamie Foxx

text: Despacito

text: Luis Fonsi

text: Justin Bieber

text: Mariah Carey

text: Justin Timberlake

text: Sean Combs

text: Jay-Z

text: Chris Brown

text: Miley Cyrus

text: Christina Aguilera

text: Mary J. Blige

text: Rihanna

text: R. Kelly

text: Celine Dion

text: J-Lo

text: T.I.

text: Usher

text: Michael Jackson

text: Nicki Minaj

text: Katy Perry

text: Snoop Dogg

text: Justin Bieber

text: Mike Shinoda

text: Seal

text: Nas

text: Chris Brown

text: Whitney Houston

text: Beyoncé- I Am... Sasha Fierce

categories: People from Los Angeles,American audio engineers,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Jaycen Joshua

paragraph: Jaycen Joshua is a mix engineer who works at Larrabee Sound Studios in North Hollywood, California. Joshua started his mix career in 2006 when he became partners with his mentor Dave Pensado and formed The Penua Project. Joshua has won multiple Grammys and mixed many Grammy Award winning records such as "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" by Beyoncé and "Blame It" by Jamie Foxx, as well as over 60 #1 singles and albums. Including Despacito by Luis Fonsi feat. Justin Bieber. Joshua has worked with Mariah Carey, Justin Timberlake, Sean Combs, Jay-Z, Chris Brown, Miley Cyrus, Christina Aguilera, Mary J. Blige, Rihanna, R. Kelly, Celine Dion, J-Lo, T.I., Usher, Michael Jackson, Nicki Minaj, Katy Perry, Snoop Dogg, Justin Bieber, Mike Shinoda, Seal, Nas, Chris Brown and Whitney Houston.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beyoncé- I Am... Sasha Fierce

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justin Bieber - My World 2.0 (Digital Booklet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lookin' for a mix engineer! - Gearslutz.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secrets Of The Mix Engineers: Jaycen Joshua

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.mtechmarketing.com/ADAM_100507_Pensado.html

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://jaycenjoshua.com/

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.discogs.com/artist/Jaycen+Joshua

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.wrightrax.com/2009/02/grammy-award-winning-engineer-jaycen.html

description: Mix Engineer

wikidata_label: Jaycen Joshua

wikipedia_title: Jaycen Joshua


text: Kreuzwertheim

text: Kingdom of Bavaria

text: Furageros

text: Manila

text: Philippine Republic

text: socialite

text: Philippines

text: Spanish–American War

text: Emilio Aguinaldo

text: insurgent

text: United States Army

text: Philippine–American War

text: Kreuzwertheim

text: Kingdom of Bavaria

text: Schönburg-Glauchau

text: Lady Anne Savile

text: John Savile, 4th Earl of Mexborough

text: advertisement

text: newspaper

text: telegram

text: Manila

text: Patricio Montojo

text: Spanish naval fleet

text: Battle of Manila Bay

text: Spanish–American War

text: German government

text: aide-de-camp

text: interpreter

text: United States Army

text: Emilio Aguinaldo

text: Oregon

text: United States Army

text: bridge

text: Furageros

text: orderly

text: The New York Times

text: forest

text: Oregon

text: passport

text: San Francisco, California

categories: Interpreters,1864 births,House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg,Princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg,1899 deaths,German Roman Catholics,People of the Philippine–American War,People of the Spanish–American War,Deaths by firearm in the Philippines,German socialites,People from Main-Spessart,People from the Kingdom of Bavaria

paragraph: Prince "Ludwig" Karl of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg () (born 19 July 1864 in Kreuzwertheim, Kingdom of Bavaria; died 26 March 1899 in Furageros outside Manila, Philippine Republic) was a London socialite who became known for his mysterious disappearance, and subsequent reappearance in the Philippines during the Spanish–American War in which he was killed during fighting between Emilio Aguinaldo-led insurgents and the United States Army at the Battle of Caloocan of the Philippine–American War. Ludwig was a prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg and a member of the Princely House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Ludwig was born on 19 July 1864 in Kreuzwertheim, Kingdom of Bavaria and was the eighth child and sixth son of Wilhelm, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg and his first wife, Countess Olga Clara of Schönburg-Glauchau.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Ludwig married Lady Anne Savile, daughter of John Savile, 4th Earl of Mexborough, and his second wife. Agnes Louisa Elizabeth Raphael, on 15 May 1897 in London.

paragraph: Section::::Disappearance to the Philippines.:Spanish–American War.

paragraph: Ludwig disappeared from London society in 1898 prompting his friends to run an advertisement in London newspapers inquiring about his whereabouts. After much speculation, a telegram from Manila published in March 1899 revealed the prince had been in Manila for many months and was present at the destruction of Patricio Montojo's Spanish naval fleet during the Battle of Manila Bay in the Spanish–American War. While in Manila, Ludwig was suspected of acting as a "confidential agent" of the German government. Prior to the surrender of Manila, Ludwig was allegedly permitted to cross in and out of Spanish and insurgent lines, as each side regarded him as friendly. Ludwig also allegedly served as "a voluntary aide-de-camp" and interpreter to a General Miller, though he was never connected with the United States Army.

paragraph: Section::::Disappearance to the Philippines.:Philippine–American War.

paragraph: Ludwig was among several civilians observing the progress of the Battle of Caloocan, fought between insurgents led by Emilio Aguinaldo and the Oregon Volunteers, soldiers of the United States Army, from a stone bridge over the Malabon River near Furageros on 26 March 1899. Ludwig and the other spectators were then warned by an orderly that they were in danger in their current position. The orderly addressed Ludwig directly: "I am speaking to you particularly. You have already given us some trouble by hanging around the firing line, and we will have no more of it." According to fellow civilian spectator C. S. Bradford in "The New York Times", Ludwig and a companion left the position and disappeared into the nearby forest which later became the scene of fighting. Oregon Volunteers soldiers were ordered to fire upon the houses in the woods, in one of which was Ludwig. A bullet fired by an Oregonian soldier entered Ludwig's right side, killing him instantly. Bradford and two others took charge of Ludwig's body. A passport found on Ludwig's person was signed by Aguinaldo confirming that he had been granted permission to enter the lines of the insurgents at will. C. S. Bradford recounted these events to "The New York Times" upon his return from the Philippines to his home in San Francisco, California in May 1899. Ludwig's date of death was also confirmed by the Oregon Volunteers in their official account of the war published in 1902.

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, honours and arms.:Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19 July 1864 – 26 March 1899: "His Serene Highness" Prince Ludwig of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg

description: socialite and prince known for his mysterious disappearance


text: racing cyclist

text: UCI Women's Team

text: Kalgoorlie

text: Western Australia

text: South Australia

categories: Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia,Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling,Cyclists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games,1996 births,People from Kalgoorlie,Australian female cyclists,Living people,Commonwealth Games competitors for Australia

paragraph: Alexandra Manly

paragraph: Alexandra Manly (born 28 February 1996) is an Australian professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Team .

paragraph: Manly was born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, but now lives in South Australia. Before taking up cycling, Manly had previously tried basketball, cross country running, netball, hockey, tennis, javelin, and steeple chase.

paragraph: Section::::Major results.

paragraph: Section::::Major results.:Road.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018

paragraph: Section::::Major results.:Track.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of 2015 UCI Women's Teams and riders

description: Australian cyclist

wikidata_label: Alexandra Manly

wikipedia_title: Alexandra Manly


text: CBE

text: pen name

text: cartoonist

text: Punch

text: World War II

text: propaganda

text: London Underground

text: London

text: Cheltenham College

text: King's College London

text: Regent Street Polytechnic

text: Battle of Gallipoli

text: World War I

text: Punch

text: the Graphic

text: Tatler

text: fougasse

text: Queen Mary's Dolls' House

text: Walker Books

text: editor

text: World War II

text: Ministry of Information

text: propaganda

text: poster

text: Careless Talk Costs Lives

text: W. D. H. McCullough

text: Pons asinorum

text: contract bridge

text: Christian Science

text: Sloane Square

text: Cadogan Hall

text: British Airways

text: Imperial Airways

text: Lambiek "Comiclopedia": Fougasse

text: Spartacus: Fougasse

text: Fougasse*s Punch Illustrations

categories: People educated at Cheltenham College,Alumni of King's College London,British magazine editors,British Army personnel of World War I,Punch (magazine) cartoonists,1887 births,1965 deaths,Artists' Rifles soldiers,Fellows of King's College London,English cartoonists,The New Yorker cartoonists

paragraph: Fougasse (cartoonist)

paragraph: Cyril Kenneth Bird CBE (17 December 1887 – 11 June 1965), known by the pen name Fougasse, was a British cartoonist best known for his work in "Punch" magazine (of which he served as editor from 1949 to 1953) and his World War II warning propaganda posters. He also designed many posters for the London Underground.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bird was born in London on 17 December 1887, the son of Arthur Bird, a company director. He was educated at Cheltenham College and King's College London (B.Sc). While at King's College he attended evening art classes at the Regent Street Polytechnic and at the School of Photo-Engraving in Bolt Court.

paragraph: He was seriously injured at the Battle of Gallipoli during World War I and invalided out of the British Army.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Bird first contributed to "Punch" in 1916, while convalescing, and also contributed to several other British newspapers and magazines, including "the Graphic" and "Tatler". His pen name was based on the fougasse, a type of mine.

paragraph: As one of the best known cartoonists of the time, he was one of 170 authors who created doll-sized books exclusively for Queen Mary's Dolls' House; his illustrated verse tale, written on postage stamp-sized pages, was published as a regular-sized hardback in 2012 by the Royal Collection and Walker Books.

paragraph: In the course of the 1920s and 1930s, his drawings evolved from the traditionally representational to an innovative, spare, style that was both unique and popular, featuring in many advertising campaigns as well as in magazine editorial. He became art editor of "Punch" from 1937 to 1949, then editor until 1953. He was the only cartoonist ever to edit the magazine. During World War II, he worked unpaid for the Ministry of Information, designing humorous but effective propaganda posters including the famous "Careless Talk Costs Lives" series. For this work he was awarded the honour of Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1946.

paragraph: He illustrated and co-wrote several humorous books with W. D. H. McCullough. These included the very successful "Aces Made Easy – or Pons asinorum in a nutshell", on the subject of contract bridge, in 1934, and "You Have Been Warned – A Complete Guide to the Road", in 1935.

paragraph: In the mid 1950s, he taught at the Christian Science Sunday School in the Sloane Square church, which has since been converted into the Cadogan Hall concert hall. He died in London, aged 77.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Since 2009 his cartoon of a butler carrying a tray has been used to illustrate the front page of British Airways' First Class menus, continuing an association with the airline which goes back to the 1930s when Fougasse penned advertising posters for BA's forerunner, Imperial Airways.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bird married Mary Holden Caldwell on 16 September 1914.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- UK National Archives: The Art of War: Fougasse

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lambiek "Comiclopedia": Fougasse

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spartacus: Fougasse

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fougasse*s Punch Illustrations in HeidICON

alias:
Cyril Kenneth Bird
Fougasse Bird
Fougasse (Cyril Kenneth Bird)

description: British cartoonist

wikidata_label: Fougasse

wikipedia_title: Fougasse (cartoonist)


text:
British
Death In June
Sixth Comm
Amodali
Liverpool
Mother Destruction

categories: Death in June members,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Patrick Leagas

paragraph: Patrick Leagas is a British musician. Leagas was a founding member of Death In June. After leaving Death In June in 1985 during a tour in Italy, Leagas formed Sixth Comm in 1986 and began working under the name Patrick O-Kill. Leagas later met vocalist Amodali at a Liverpool club in 1989. The two collaborated extensively in the 1990s as Mother Destruction. Leagas has also since appeared live a few times at Death In June shows.

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Patrick Leagas

wikipedia_title: Patrick Leagas


text:
English
peeress
Edward Stawell, 4th Baron Stawell
Henry Bilson-Legge
1st Earl of Dartmouth
Henry
County of Somerset
the 1st Earl of Hillsborough
Marquess of Downshire

categories: Daughters of barons,Peers of Great Britain created by George II,Created suo jure peeresses,British countesses,Legge family,1726 births,Hill family,Barons in the Peerage of Great Britain,1780 deaths

paragraph: Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough

paragraph: Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough ("née" Stawell; 27 January 1726 – 29 July 1780) was an English peeress, a daughter of the Edward Stawell, 4th Baron Stawell.

paragraph: On 11 September 1750, she married Henry Bilson-Legge (a son of the 1st Earl of Dartmouth) and they later had a son, Henry (1757–1820). Upon the death of her father in 1755, she inherited her father's estate but not his title, but was later created Baroness Stawell, of Somerton in the County of Somerset, in 1760, in her own right.

paragraph: Her husband died in 1764 and in 1768 she married the 1st Earl of Hillsborough and became Countess of Hillsborough. Her second husband was created Marquess of Downshire after her death.

description: British noble

wikidata_label: Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough

wikipedia_title: Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough


text:
Hainault
Sohier of Enghien
Count of Brienne
Louis II of Flanders
Ghent
Geraardsbergen
proximity of blood
Louis of Enghien
Froissart's Chronicles

categories: Counts of Brienne,1381 deaths,Military personnel killed in action,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Walter IV, Count of Enghien

paragraph: Walter IV of Enghien (died 1381), Hainault nobleman and soldier, was the son of Sohier of Enghien. He was Count of Brienne as Walter VII and Lord of Enghien in 1364–1381.

paragraph: Appointed Marshal of Flanders by Louis II of Flanders, he energetically prosecuted the war against the rebellious Ghentois. He is notorious for his sack of the city of Geraardsbergen on July 7, 1381, wherein his troops burned and destroyed the town, killing many of its inhabitants.

paragraph: Rejoining the Flemish army besieging Ghent, he and a handful of companions were trapped by an ambush laid by the Ghentois, perhaps composed of survivors of Geraardsbergen. He and his illegitimate half-brother John were both cut down in the fighting.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his heir in proximity of blood, his uncle Louis of Enghien.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Froissart's Chronicles, Book II, Chapter 81

description: Count of Enghien

wikidata_label: Walter IV, Count of Enghien

wikipedia_title: Walter IV, Count of Enghien


text:
Latin
pataria
Milan
Ambrosian diocese
Landulf
subdeacon
valvassor
Holy Land
Ariald
Rome
Pope Alexander II
Guido da Velate
simony
Ascension
Pavia
Lake Maggiore
Vallambrosa
Gotofredo da Castiglione
Emperor Henry IV
Bergoglio
Atto
Saxony
Pope Gregory VII
Pope Urban II
First Crusade
Duomo

categories: Medieval Italian saints,1075 deaths,11th-century births,Italian untitled nobility,11th-century Italian people

paragraph: Erlembald

paragraph: Saint Erlembald (or Erlembaldo Cotta) ("Sanctus Herlembaldus" in Latin) (died 15 April 1075) was the political and military leader of the movement known as the "pataria" in Milan, a movement to reform the clergy and the church in the Ambrosian diocese.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was the brother of Landulf, subdeacon of Milan. They were of the Cotta, a family of valvassores and vassals of the archdiocese. In his early career, Erlembald was referred to as a "captain." In 1063, he returned from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and intended to become a monk when the deacon Ariald convinced him to take his brother's place at the head of the "pataria". Erlembald, however, was not a cleric, but a soldier.

paragraph: In 1064, he travelled to Rome to confer with Pope Alexander II and confirm his support. On his return to Milan, he revealed the change in the character of the "pataria" by living in a palace near the church of Saint Victor and the Forty Martyrs. With papal permission he began imposing his will by force on the clergy, by deposing abbots and proceeding against the bishop, Guido da Velate. Guido was first accused of taking false oaths for not acting against simony in his province. Guido, however, organised a resistance to the "patarini". Because of this, Ariald imposed the interdict on the city during the feast of the Ascension. The populace turned against him and he fled to Pavia. After being captured en route to Rome, Ariald was executed and his body thrown in Lake Maggiore. On 3 May 1067, Erlembald recovered his body and reburied it in S. Celso in Milan on 17 May. Ariald's popularity was also recovered after the lifting of the interdict. A papal legation lent Erlembald much needed moral support at a congregation at Vallambrosa.

paragraph: In 1069, Guido renounced the see to Gotofredo da Castiglione with the support of the Emperor Henry IV. Gotofredo was immediately besieged in his castle. On 7 March 1070, violence broke out again in Milan and Gotofredo was arrested. That year, Guido request his archbishopric back from Erlembald. He was refused, but the "patarino" leader put him in S. Celso and then in the see of Bergoglio. On 6 January 1072, Erlembald appointed Atto archbishop in opposition to the arrested Gotofredo. Strong opposition from the German court evaporated suddenly in 1073 when Henry was troubled by revolts in Saxony and had to ceded his rights in Milan to Pope Gregory VII. Gregory confirmed Atto and lent his support to Erlembald.

paragraph: At this, the height of his power, an unfortunate fire broke out in the city and was interpreted as divine punishment for supporting the controversial "pataria". The opposition factions in Milan signed a pact against Erlembald. He put down the revolt, but was killed in the battle and buried in S. Celso. From 6 to 26 May in 1095, Pope Urban II was present at Milan for the transferral of the relics of the canonised Erlembald to S. Dionigi. He was already a propaganda tool at the time of the preaching of the First Crusade. He was translated once more in 1528 to the Duomo. His feast day is 27 July.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caravale, Mario (ed). "Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani LXIII". Rome.

description: Italian saint

wikidata_label: Erlembald

wikipedia_title: Erlembald


text:
French
Artus Gouffier, seigneur de Boisy
Francis I of France
admiral of France
Constable de Bourbon
Navarre
occupied Fuenterrabia
Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec
army of Italy
defeated
chevalier Bayard
Battle of Pavia
Brantôme
Madame de Châteaubriant
Heptameron
Marguerite d'Angoulême
Bibliothèque Nationale
The National Archives (United Kingdom)

categories: French military leaders,Military leaders of the Italian Wars,1525 deaths,1480s births,French military personnel killed in action

paragraph: Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet (c. 1488 – 24 February 1525) was a French soldier.

paragraph: The younger brother of Artus Gouffier, seigneur de Boisy, tutor of Francis I of France, Bonnivet was brought up with Francis, and after the young king's accession he became one of the most powerful of the royal favourites. In 1515 he was made admiral of France. In the imperial election of 1519 he superintended the candidature of Francis, and spent vast sums of money in his efforts to secure votes, but without success. An implacable enemy of the Constable de Bourbon, he contributed to the downfall of the latter. In command of the army of Navarre in 1521, he occupied Fuenterrabia and was probably responsible for the renewal of hostilities resulting from its not being restored.

paragraph: Bonnivet succeeded Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, in 1523, as commander of the army of Italy and entered the Milanese, but was defeated and forced to effect a disastrous retreat, in which the chevalier Bayard perished. He was afterwards one of the principal commanders of the army which Francis led into Italy at the end of 1524, and died at the Battle of Pavia.

paragraph: Brantôme says that the Battle of Pavia was fought at Bonnivet's instigation, and that, seeing the disaster he had caused, he deliberately sought a heroic death. In spite of his failures as a general and diplomat, his good looks and brilliant wit enabled him to retain the intimacy and confidence of his king. He followed a licentious lifestyle. According to Brantôme, he was the successful rival of the king for the favours of Madame de Châteaubriant, and if, as is thought, he was the hero of the fourth story of the "Heptameron", Marguerite d'Angoulême was also courted by him.

paragraph: Bonnivet's correspondence is preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris and in The National Archives (United Kingdom); the complete works of Brantôme, vol. iii., are another primary source.

description: French admiral


text:
French
Viscount
Lautrec
Gaston IV of Foix
seigneur de Lescun
seigneur de l'Esparre or Asparros
Francis I of France
Françoise de Châteaubriant
campaign of Marignano
Milanese duchy
Spanish
Battle of Bicocca
Swiss
marshal of France
army of Italy
kingdom of Naples
Andrea Doria
plague
Bibliothèque Nationale
Brantôme
Société de l'histoire de France
Michaud
Poujoulat

categories: House of Foix,1528 deaths,1485 births,Military leaders of the Italian Wars,Viscounts of Lautrec,Marshals of France

paragraph: Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec

paragraph: Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec (1485 – 15 August 1528) was a French military leader. He gained the reputation of a gallant and able soldier, but this scarcely seems to be justified by the facts, although he was always badly used by fortune.

paragraph: The branch of the Viscounts of Lautrec originated with Pierre, the son of John III of Foix; Pierre's elder brother was Gaston IV of Foix.

paragraph: He married Charlotte d'Albret (1495–1527) in 1520 and had several children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaston (1522–28)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry (1523–40)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claude (d.1549)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis (d.1528)

paragraph: Odet de Foix and his two brothers, the seigneur de Lescun and the seigneur de l'Esparre or Asparros, served Francis I of France as captains; and the influence of their sister, Françoise de Châteaubriant, who became the king's mistress, gained them high office. In 1515 Lautrec took part in the campaign of Marignano.

paragraph: In 1516 Lautrec received the government of the Milanese duchy, but by his severity made the French domination insupportable. In 1521 he succeeded in defending the duchy against the Spanish army, but in 1522 he was completely defeated at the Battle of Bicocca, and was forced to evacuate the Milanese. The mutiny of his Swiss troops had compelled him, against his wish, to engage in the battle.

paragraph: He was created a marshal of France, and in 1527 he again received the command of the army of Italy. He occupied the Milanese, and was then sent to undertake the conquest of the kingdom of Naples. The defection of Andrea Doria and an outbreak of the plague in the French camp brought on a fresh disaster. Lautrec himself caught the infection, and died in August 1528.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- There is abundant manuscript correspondence in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- See the "Works" of Brantôme (Coll. Société de l'histoire de France, vol. iii., 1867)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memoirs of Martin du Bellay" (Coll. Michaud and Poujoulat, vol. v., 1838).

description: Marshal of France

wikidata_label: Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec

wikipedia_title: Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec


text: Dhaka

text: Renaissance

text: Prince Karim Aga Khan

text: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

text: Awami League

text: President of Bangladesh

text: he was assassinated

text: AK Fazlul Huq

text: Maulana Bhashani

text: Rabindranath Tagore

text: Kazi Nazrul Islam

text: Kalema Tayyab

text: Calligraphy

text: Sheikh Hasina

text: Bir Sreshtho

text: National Armed Forces

text: Queen Elizabeth II

text: Emperor and Empress of Japan

text: King and Queen of Malaysia

text: Emir of Kuwait

text: Josip Broz Tito

text: Kurt Waldheim

text: Ronald Reagan

text: Indira Gandhi

text: Urdu

text: Kashmir

text: Bombay

text: Official Website

text: Daily Star

categories: Bangladeshi artists,1946 births,Living people

paragraph: Syful Islam

paragraph: Mohammad Syful Islam (, born 12 August 1946) is a Bangladeshi artist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: He was born in Meherpur to father Mohammad Naimuddin Biswas, a government official and Rahela Khatun. He had six other siblings, two brothers and four sisters. His family called him "Hiller" which later became "Hitu". His father was an avid writer, who wrote several short novels and poetry. These writings were published in 1993 in Dhaka in the name of "Kalsrot". From his childhood, Syful was very much fond of old classical Renaissance paintings, Russian and Chinese revolutionary paintings. He studied at Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1975.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1969, he reached Dhaka and displayed a solo art exhibition in Pakistan Council Hall in Segunbagicha. To support himself, he took a job in the then Fauji Foundation as an Assistant Account Staff. At that time he drew a portrait of Prince Karim Aga Khan for his office.

paragraph: Soon he was doing many portraits of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He quit his job to and became a freelance painter. Syful was in all processions and public meetings of Awami League during that period in the 1970s. In 1975, opposing education ministry and foreign ministry's approvals- Bangobandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, as President of Bangladesh sent him to Russia with a special fellowship for portrait painting training. The same year he was assassinated. Islam returned to Bangladesh the following year.

paragraph: He did portraits of people such as AK Fazlul Huq, Maulana Bhashani, Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam and other famous personalities. His first commissioned work was the Kalema Tayyab in 1982.

paragraph: A gold medalist in Bangladesh Calligraphy, Islam is also the former teacher of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Besides being commissioned for completing the portraits of all Bir Sreshtho of the country, in addition to Chiefs of Staffs of the National Armed Forces, Islam has completed portraits for other foreign delegates and personalities. They include that of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor and Empress of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- King and Queen of Malaysia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emir of Kuwait

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josip Broz Tito

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kurt Waldheim

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ronald Reagan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indira Gandhi

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He married Shahnaj Parveen in April 1975. She is from an Urdu-speaking family; her mother was from Kashmir and father was from Bombay. They have a son named Cézanne, after which his gallery is named.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition- Presenting the Sri Lankan scene Article by "Daily Star"

description: painter

wikidata_label: Syful Islam

wikipedia_title: Syful Islam


text: c.

text: Serer

text: Lingeer

text: Kingdom of Sine

text: matriarch

text: Joos Maternal Dynasty

text: Waalo

text: Senegal

text: surname

text: Gambia

text: Serer

text: Lingeer Ndoye Demba

text: Brak

text: c

text: the French

text: Serer ethnic group

text: matriarch

text: Waalo

text: Serer proper

text: Wolof

text: Ndiadiane Ndiaye

text: Jolof Empire

text: Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh

text: Guelowar

text: Maad a Sinig

text: Serer medieval history

text: constitution

text: Henry Gravrand

text: Ñaanco

text: Kaabu

text: Battle of Kansala

text: Serer nobility

text: Senegambia

text: Her descendants

text: Kingdom of Sine

text: Wolof

text: Waalo

text: Lingeer Ndoye Demba

text: c

text: old Serer royalty

text: Serer matriclans

text: Brak

text: maternal dynasty

text: maternal dynasty

text: Lamane

text: French colonialism

text: Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof

text: Maad Semou Njekeh Joof

text: Kingdom of Saloum

text: Kingdom of Baol

text: Timeline of Serer history

text: History of Senegal

text: History of the Gambia

text: Sarr, Alioune

text: Histoire du Sine-Saloum

text: Monteil, Vincent

text: Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire

text: Barry, Boubacar

text: Waalo

text: Sénégal

text: The "Dyoos"

text: Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire

text: Gastellu, Jean-Marc

text: Dupire, Marguerite

text: sereer ndut

text: Sub-Saharan Africa

text: Scarecrow Press

text: Unesco

text: History of Africa

text: University of California Press

text: The "Joos"

categories: Senegalese women in politics,Lingeer,Serer matriarchs,Serer royalty,Matriarchy,Queens regnant,Women rulers in Africa

paragraph: Lingeer Fatim Beye

paragraph: Lingeer Fatim Beye Joos Fadiou (commonly Lingeer Fatim Beye) was a 14th-century (c. 1335) Serer princess and queen (Lingeer) from the Kingdom of Sine. She is the matriarch and early ancestor of the Joos Maternal Dynasty of Waalo. She is usually regarded by some sources as the founder of the Joos Maternal Dynasty. The pre-colonial Kingdoms of Sine and Waalo now lies within present-day Senegal. Her surname is "Beye" (English-Gambia) or "Bèye" (French-Senegal). "Joos Fadiou" is her maternal clan. In Serer, ""Fa-tim"" means ""the maternal clan of...""

paragraph: Lingeer Ndoye Demba, maternal granddaughter of Lingeer Fatim Beye, was given in marriage to the king of Waalo Brak Caaka Mbaar Mbooj), in c. 1367. Lingeer Ndoye Demba went on to establish the Joos Maternal Dynasty in Waalo which lasted from the 14th century to 1855, the year Waalo fell to the French resulting in the disestablishment of the monarchy. From the 14th century to 1855, the Joos Maternal Dynasty provided many kings of Waalo but also contributed to its instability due to dynastic struggles between the competing maternal dynasties of the country ("Joos", "Tedyek" and "Loggar").

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lingeer Fatim Beye was a member of the Serer ethnic group and the matriarch of the Joos Maternal Dynasty of Waalo. The Joos Maternal Dynasty (Serer proper : Joos Fadiou or "Dioss Fahou/Fadiou") was a Serer maternal dynasty in the Wolof Kingdom of Waalo.

paragraph: Fatim Beye was a contemporary of Ndiadiane Ndiaye (founder of the Jolof Empire) and Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh (var : Manyeasa Wali Dione) who was the first Guelowar to rule in Sine or any of the . Some sources note that, she was once married to Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali thereby linking this matriclan to a rather significant part of Serer medieval history, i.e. the constitutional change in Sine which shaped its medieval to 20th century history. The marriage of Lingeer Fatim Beye to one of the most historical personalities of 14th century agrees pretty much with the general consensus regarding Serer-Guelowar relations. It was a union based on marriage among the upper echelons Serer and Guelowar society. According to Henry Gravrand, the defeat of the Guelowars by the Ñaancos at the Battle of Troubang in(1335) at Kaabu, spearheaded their migration to Serer territory after the massacre inflicted upon them at Troubang. In reporting this tradition, Gravrand did not notice that this is actually a description of the 1867 (or 1865) Battle of Kansala although the departure of the Guelowar can probably be explained by a war or a conflict of succession. It was the Serer nobility to which Lingeer Fatim Beye's family were a member of, who granted them asylum after their escape from Kaabu, the country of their birth. As an early ancestor of the Joos Maternal Dynasty, with royal ties to two pre-colonial Senegambian kingdoms from the start of their constitutional change, Lingeer Fatim Beye is regarded as one of the most significant female personalities of and history. Her descendants went on to shape Senegambian medieval to 19th century history.

paragraph: Section::::Joos Maternal Dynasty.

paragraph: The Joos Maternal Dynasty originated from the Serer Kingdom of Sine and entered the Wolof Kingdom of Waalo via the maternal granddaughter of Lingeer Fatim Beye (Lingeer Ndoye Demba). The Serer princess - Lingeer Ndoye Demba, originated from Sine where she was married off to the king of Waalo. Although established in Waalo in c. 1367 by Lingeer Ndoye Demba following her marriage to the king of Waalo (Caaka Mbaar Mbooj), this is linked to old Serer royalty and just one of many of the Serer matriclans. Caaka Mbar was the son of Bakar Mbooj the founder of the Mbooj paternal dynasty of Waalo and an early holder of the royal title Brak. Ndoye Demba's marriage to one of the earliest Braks established the Joos Maternal Dynasty which lasted for nearly 600 years. As of c. 1367, this maternal dynasty provided many Braks of Waalo. Brak Yerim Mbanyik was the first king from this maternal dynasty. He was the son of Lingeer Ndoye Demba and Brak Caaka Mbar. The Braks themselves predated by the Lamanes, ruled over Waalo from the 14th century until the disestablishment of the monarchy in 1855 due to French colonialism.

paragraph: Although Lingeer Ndoye Demba is generally regarded as the ancestor of the Joos of Waalo, and Lingeer Fatim Beye as an early ancestor and matriarch, some sources suggests that Fatim Beye was the founder of the Joos Dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maad Semou Njekeh Joof

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kingdom of Saloum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kingdom of Baol

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of Serer history

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Senegal

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Gambia

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarr, Alioune, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum" (Sénégal). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87. p 19

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monteil, Vincent, " Esquisses sénégalaises", Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wade, Amadou, ""Chronique du Walo Sénégalais (1186–1855)"", B. Cissé trans., V. Monteil, editor, Bulletin de l'IFAN, série B, vol. 26, nos 3/4 (1941, 1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barry, Boubacar. ""Le royaume du Waalo":" le Sénégal avant la conquête, Karthala, 1985, The "Dyoos" (Retrieved : 8 July 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barry, Boubacar, "Le royaume du waalo, le Sénégal avant la conquête", F. Maspéro (1972), p 286

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bulletin. Serie B: Sciences humaines / Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Volume 41. (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Institut français d'Afrique noire. Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 17. IFAN, (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ndiaye Leyti, Oumar, ""Le Djoloff et ses Bourba"", Les Nouvelles editions africaines (1981).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 31, IFAN (1969), pp 409–410

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gastellu, Jean-Marc, "Petit traité de matrilinarité", L'accumulation dans deux sociétés rurales d'Afrique de l'Ouest', Cahiers ORSTOM, série Sciences Humaines (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gastellu, Jean-Marc, "Matrilineages, Economic Groups and Differentiation in West Africa" : A Note (O.R.S.TO.M)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boulègue, Jean, "Le Grand Jolof", (XVIIIe - XVIe Siècle). (Paris, Edition Façades), Karthala (1987), p 30

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dyao, Yoro, "Légendes et coutumes sénégalaises", Cahiers de Yoro Dyao: publiés et commentés par Henri Gaden. (E. Leroux, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dupire, Marguerite, "Sagesse sereer: Essais sur la pensée sereer ndut, KARTHALA Editions (1994),  (Retrieved : 9 July 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sheldon, Kathleen E., "Historical dictionary of women in Sub-Saharan Africa", vol. 1, Scarecrow Press (2005), p 148

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ogot, Bethwell A., "Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century", (Editors : Bethwell A. Ogot, Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa; contributors : Bethwell A. Ogot, Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa, University of California Press (1992), p 281, The "Joos" (Retrieved : 11 July 2012)

description: Serer princess and queen from the Kingdom of Sine

wikidata_label: Lingeer Fatim Beye

wikipedia_title: Lingeer Fatim Beye