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categories: Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball),African-American basketball players,American expatriate basketball people in Germany,Undrafted National Basketball Association players,American expatriate basketball people in France,Basketball players from Illinois,Erie BayHawks (2008–2017) players,Long Island Nets players,Santa Cruz Warriors players,ASVEL Basket players,Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball players,Power forwards (basketball),Centers (basketball),Sportspeople from Chicago,1995 births,Living people,American men's basketball players,McDonald's High School All-Americans,Portland Trail Blazers players,Brose Bamberg players

paragraph: Cliff Alexander

paragraph: Cliff Alexander (born November 16, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for Brose Bamberg of the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL). He completed his freshman season at the University of Kansas for the Jayhawks' on their 2014–15 team. He declared himself eligible for the 2015 NBA draft but was undrafted. He played one season for the Portland Trail Blazers and earned a second year of NBA service with the Brooklyn Nets.

paragraph: He played in high school at Curie High School in Chicago where he won Naismith and Mr. Basketball USA recognition as national player of the year. He did not play organized basketball until eighth grade, but by late in his freshman season he became a notable contributor to his high school's varsity team. He was ranked among the top 20 prospects in the national class of 2014 prior to his sophomore season. As a junior, he moved into the top 10 of the national class and was recognized as an All-American. By the beginning of his senior season, he was considered to be a top 5 player by most talent evaluators and his stock was still on the rise. Following a Martin Luther King Day performance during his senior year against the number one team in the country, many experts considered him to be the best player in the national class of 2014.

paragraph: In 2013, he represented USA Basketball in international play. Several talent scouts praised his powerful game. As a high schooler, Alexander felt he was most often compared to Amar'e Stoudemire. He was also contrasted with crosstown rival Jahlil Okafor, especially as a senior when they vied for national attention. Alexander was heavily recruited by many top Division I basketball programs and his recruitment was widely followed. He played in the 2014 McDonald's All-American Boys Game, 2014 Jordan Brand Classic and the 2014 Nike Hoop Summit, earning co-MVP of the Jordan Brand Classic. Alexander led Curie to the 2014 Chicago Public High School League city championship in a quadruple-overtime game against Okafor that was the lead story on "SportsCenter". The championship was later forfeited. As a freshman with Kansas, he did not play in the latter part of the season after the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) launched an investigation into his eligibility.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Freshman.

paragraph: Alexander, who was also a highly regarded football player, did not play organized basketball until eighth grade. Alexander played on Curie's 2010–11 varsity team as a freshman, but had little impact at first and sat out some games in December. He missed the first ten games due to a heart murmur. In late December, he started getting local attention as part of the reason Curie remained undefeated. During the Chicago Public High School League (CPL) and Illinois High School Association (IHSA) playoffs, he contributed significant performances. On March 9, 2011, Curie was eliminated from the IHSA playoffs in a Class 4A sectional semifinal by Lyons Township High School as freshman Alexander posted 9 points, 13 rebounds, and 2 blocks in a 66–64 loss. His late-season contributions gave Curie an added dimension, as the team finished with a 28–3 record. Following his freshman season, Alexander began to be recognized by local evaluators as a potential top national recruit. After Jabari Parker and Jahlil Okafor, Alexander was already considered the best Chicago area basketball prospect. He earned Red-Central all-conference recognition.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Sophomore.

paragraph: As late as August 2011, Alexander remained unrecognized by most national evaluators. However, as Alexander entered his sophomore season, he was one of three area prospects that were firmly among the national class of 2014's top 25 prospects (along with Whitney M. Young Magnet High School teammates Okafor and Paul White). As of September 1, 2011 Alexander was ranked 13 by ESPN.com and 9 by Rivals.com. On December 30 in the Pontiac Holiday Tournament, Parker's Simeon Career Academy defeated Alexander's Curie 44–27 as Alexander was almost shut out by Simeon's Steve Taylor. On January 22, 2013, Okafor and Alexander went head to head in CPL play. Curie defeated Young by a 57–46 margin as Alexander had 10 points, six rebounds and three blocks before having a personal foul disqualification. Despite fouling out, Alexander had the better game with nearly a dozen Division I programs in attendance. Curie had a rematch against Simeon in the February 17 CPL championship game with Alexander again being ineffective on offense with four points against Parker and Taylor as Curie lost 53–49. The game broadcast on ESPN3. Following the season, a statewide panel of sportswriters and broadcaster voted Alexander as an Associated Press boys basketball Class 4A all-state honorable mention honoree.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Junior.

paragraph: At the June 2012 Pangos All-American Camp, Alexander was selected as the Most Outstanding Player. Alexander, who was already a top 5 recruit according to some sources, endured a Summer 2012 foot injury that sidelined him. By mid-July 2012, as ESPN's number 10 ranked prospect, he received an offer from Kentucky and was being recruited by DePaul, Indiana, Ohio State and Wisconsin. Upon receiving his offer from Kentucky, he told Rivals.com that his two leading schools were Kentucky and Michigan State.

paragraph: By the fall of his junior season, the Illinois class of 2014 was being mentioned as one of the all-time great statewide classes of basketball players. "Chicago Sun-Times" writer Joe Henricksen noted that there was a high chance that this would be the fifth Illinois class and first since 2002 to include three McDonald's All-Americans. He also noted that the class has a chance to rival if not surpass the classes of 1998 and 2011 which each had nine top 100 players.

paragraph: On November 30, at a Draffenville, Kentucky tournament game against Oak Hill Academy, Alexander scored 26 of his teams 39 points on 12–14 field goal shooting in a 72–39 defeat. On December 29, Curie again faced Parker and Simeon in the Pontiac Holiday Tournament (this time in the semifinals). Alexander posted 21 points on 9–10 field goal shooting, but Simeon still prevailed 62–57. Notably, Parker assumed Alexander as a defensive assignment after Alexander gave Curie a 48–47 lead with 4:58 time remaining and Alexander went scoreless the rest of the game. Despite 11 points, 9 rebounds and 8 blocked shots from Alexander, Curie was eliminated from the CPL playoffs in a February 11 quarterfinals 60–58 loss to the Billy Garrett, Jr.-led Morgan Park High School that went on to become 2013 IHSA Class 3A state champion. On February 26, the Associated Press Illinois Class 4A basketball rankings showed Whitney Young at number 1, and it was also expected that Young's road to the sectional finals would include a March 6 meeting with Curie. According to Henricksen, the March 6 state playoff meeting between Young and Curie was anticipated because it would pit Okafor against Alexander, making it the most highly touted IHSA playoff matchup of centers since 1988 when LaPhonso Ellis led East Saint Louis' Lincoln High School against Eric Anderson's St. Francis de Sales High School. Mike Helfgot of the "Chicago Tribune" said that there have not been many matchups between big men this good with so much at stake. On March 2, Alexander attended Senior night at University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's Assembly Hall. The February 2013 Great Plains blizzard caused controversial postponements of several IHSA games including the March 6 Young-Curie game, which was delayed one day. Young defeated Curie 62–58 as the supporting cast made up for Alexander's 14–13 scoring edge over Okafor.

paragraph: In late April 2013, Okafor's father believed it was very possible that Okafor and Tyus Jones would matriculate together as a package. By late April 2013, there were rumors that Alexander and Justise Winslow would attend whatever school Jones and Okafor attended. Although Alexander was ranked as the fifth best player in the class of 2014 by Rivals.com and had offers from four of the six schools common to Jones and Okafor by the beginning of June, he said the chances of him matriculating with Jones and Okafor was slim.

paragraph: Alexander was recognized as a 2013 All-CPL first team selection by the "Chicago Sun-Times" along with Parker, Okafor, Kendrick Nunn and Garrett. Alexander was recognized as an Associated Press All-State Class 4A first team selection along with Parker, Okafor, Malcolm Hill and Sterling Brown. The "Chicago Tribune" named him to its All-State first team along with Parker, Okafor, Jalen Brunson and Tyler Ulis. Alexander was one of five underclassmen selected by HighSchoolHardwood.com as an All-American, along with Okafor, Jones and Stanley Johnson (all first team) and Joel Berry (second team along with Alexander).

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Senior.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Senior.:Summer and preseason.

paragraph: Alexander has become a member of the Mac Irvin Fire AAU team along with Okafor. During the Nike-backed Pro-Am summer basketball Chi-League Alexander, Okafor and Parker were on the same team. He showed potential that LeBron James himself noticed at the July LeBron James Skills Academy. He also stood out at the July Under Armour Summa Jam, where his Mac Irvin Fire opposed teams led by Myles Turner and Karl-Anthony Towns. On September 4, 2013, Rivals.com updated their ranking with Alexander maintaining his number 4 ranking. At the time, Eric Bossi of Rivals described Alexander as " perhaps the most powerful player in the high school ranks".

paragraph: In September, Alexander believed that he would make his final selection with a December verbal commitment and an April signing of his National Letter of Intent. On October 7, the Hoophall Classic schedule was announced and Curie was scheduled to play Montverde Academy on January 20. By some accounts Kansas was a favorite because his girlfriend was a student at Kansas and the 2013–14 Kansas Jayhawks were scheduled to play the 2013–14 Duke Blue Devils at Chicago's United Center in the ESPN Champions Classic on November 12 just before his scheduled announcement. In 2013 Caelynn Manning-Allen became a freshman on the Kansas women's basketball team. However, Illinois was very excited to be in serious contention for Alexander. It was the first time since Derrick Rose in 2006 that a top 5 prospect was still considering Illinois so late into his senior year and Alexander's level of interest seemed much higher than Rose's. Following his Illinois visit, his scheduled announcement date had moved forward to November 15. On October 31, Alexander officially eliminated Michigan State from his candidate list, leaving Kansas, Illinois, DePaul and Memphis in contention.

paragraph: On November 7 Alexander was ranked second behind points leader Emmanuel Mudiay in the Mr. Basketball USA preseason tracker. Although he had only one first place vote on the ten ballots, he was ranked ahead of Okafor and Stanley Johnson who combined for seven first place votes. Alexander and Mudiay were the only players named on 9 of the 10 ballots. The preseason points leader has gone on to win the award in four of the prior five years. His November 15 verbal commitment announcement was scheduled on the same date as Okafor, Jones and Stanley Johnson. According to ESPN, all four were among the top 10 in the national class (Okafor #1, Alexander #3, Jones #4 and Johnson #9). On the eve of his announcement, Kansas and Illinois were the favorites for his services. He made his verbal commitment on ESPNU to Kansas basketball on November 15. He was flanked by his father (Clifton Terry) and mother (Latillia Alexander). Prior to his senior season, "USA Today" named him to its 10-man preseason All-USA team along with Stanley Johnson, Jones, Trey Lyles, Emmanuel Mudiay, Malik Newman, Okafor, Oubre, D'Angelo Russell, and Turner. Alexander was joined on the "Chicago Tribune" preseason Illinois Mr. Basketball top 5 by Okafor, Brunson, Ulis and Keita Bates-Diop.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Senior.:2013–14 regular season.

paragraph: Alexander posted 22 points, 20 rebounds, and 5 blocks in a December 7, 66–62 victory at UIC Pavilion against "USA Today" Super 25 number 11 ranked Bishop Gorman High School and its highly touted Stephen Zimmerman. Alexander almost had to serve a one-game suspension from the game due to having been assessed two technical fouls on December 1 against St. Rita High School. Alexander had an impressive start to his season. On December 12, he posted a triple double against Dunbar High School with 30 points, 24 rebounds, and 15 blocked shots. That week (December 9–17), he earned the Midwest player of the week from StudentSports.com. As a senior, he finally led Curie past three-time defending tournament champion and four-time defending Class 4A state champion Simeon to win the Pontiac Holiday Tournament with 16 points, 16 rebounds, and 6 blocks, earning tournament MVP honors. Even as a top 5 selection, Alexander's stock continued to rise as a senior, according to the "Chicago Sun-Times"' Joe Henricksen. Some of the stats that Alexander posted were so impressive as to cause disbelief to some, including "Chicago Tribune" high school basketball writer Mike Helfgot and several of his associates. In early January, Alexander continued to be a leading contender for national player of the year, holding on to second place in the Mr. Basketball USA race. On January 10, Alexander led Curie past Villa Angela-St. Joseph High School, which featured Rivals.com Class of 2015 number 10 ranked Carlton Bragg. In the January 20 Hoophall Classic, Alexander led Curie to a victory over D'Angelo Russell, Ben Simmons and Montverde Academy, the number one rated team in the country. Curie trailed by 9 points entering the fourth quarter, but Alexander had 13 of his 30 points in the final 4 minutes and 30 seconds to key the comeback. Alexander also had 12 rebounds and 5 blocks. Following the game, several writers, including CBS Sports college basketball writer Jeff Borzello said that Alexander has a valid case to present in terms of being the best high school basketball player in the country (along with Okafor, Turner and Mudiay). High school basketball writer Ronnie Flores regards the performance as one of the top 5 performances against a nationally highly rated high school basketball team since the turn of the century, ranking it with Louis Williams (2005), Kevin Durant (2006), Kevin Love (2007) and LeBron James (2001). The win bolted Curie to the number one ranking in the nation according to StudentSports.com. Alexander's performance moved him to the top of the rankings in the Mr. Basketball USA midseason tracker. He was ranked first by a wide margin and held the number one position on 7 out of 10 ballots.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Senior.:2014 postseason.

paragraph: As the CPL playoffs began on February 5, a February 21 championship game clash between Okafor and Alexander was pondered in the local press after the 32-team brackets were announced. The CPL playoffs began with victories over Perspectives Charter by 71–37 and North Lawndale Charter High School 75–63. Against North Lawndale, Alexander had 27 points, 15 rebounds and 5 blocks. On February 16, Curie defeated Simeon 71–64. Alexander had 16 points, 12 rebounds, and 6 blocks earning a February 19 CPL semifinals rematch against Hyde Park Academy High School who they have already beaten twice this season. Alexander and Curie won 58–56 to reach the anticipated city championship matchup with Young and Okafor at the Jones Convocation Center. Alexander had a triple double with 10 points, 10 rebounds and 10 blocks. The matchup was the most anticipated city championship game since at least 1998 when fellow McDonald's All-Americans Quentin Richardson of Young and Corey Maggette of Fenwick High School were both top 15 players. On February 20, Alexander improved his first place total in the Mr. Basketball USA Tracker, holding eight first place and two second place votes. Curie won the city championship 69–66 in quadruple overtime as Alexander had 20 points, 14 rebounds and 4 blocks according to "Chicago Tribune" and Comcast SportsNet, while the "Chicago Sun-Times" and "Sports Illustrated" credited him with just 12 rebounds. This came against Okafor who had 16 points and 9, 8 or 4 rebounds before fouling out with 2:13 remaining in regulation depending on which of the three sources you believe. The CPL Championship game was attended by Mayor of Chicago Rahm Emanuel and was the lead story on the late edition of SportsCenter. Seven days later, Curie was forced to forfeit all of its wins and the CPL championship due to the academic ineligibility of seven of its players. The title will remain vacant.

paragraph: Okafor and Alexander vied for a host of local and national player of the year awards, with each winning multiple national player of the year awards. Young and Curie were both in the Marist Class 4A sectional in the 2014 IHSA playoffs and could have met again in the round of sixteen on March 14 if they had both won three regional contests. Despite forfeiting all wins in CPL games, Curie remained eligible to compete in the IHSA playoffs due to differences in eligibility rules. On March 4, Curie lost their opening IHSA playoff game to 11–11 DuSable High School by an 88–85 margin in overtime. It marked Curies first loss of the season on the court with Alexander in the lineup. Alexander posted 25 points, 15 rebounds, and 8 blocks despite fouling out in the final minute of regulation time. Curie trailed 13–2 early and led 47–32 midway through the third quarter. Curie starters Josh and Joseph Stamps were ineligible for IHSA play as was Malik Washington.

paragraph: In the April 2, 2014, McDonald's All-American Game Alexander posted 9 points and a game-high (tied with Kevon Looney) 11 rebounds for the losing east team. In the April 18 Jordan Brand Classic, he was co-MVP (with Okafor). In the game, he posted 23 points, 8 rebounds and 5 blocks.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Senior.:Awards and honors.

paragraph: Alexander was selected to the 10-man Team USA for the 17th annual Nike Hoop Summit on April 12, 2014 at the Moda Center. He was selected along with fellow Chicagoan Okafor and fellow Kansas commit Oubre. He was also selected to the 24-player 37th annual April 2, 2014 McDonald's All-American Boys Game at the United Center. He was joined as a McDonald's All-American by fellow Chicagoans Ulis and Okafor as well as Oubre. He was recognized as first team All-City along with Young teammates White and Okafor as well as Louis Adams, Jr. of Orr High School, and Luwane Pipkins of Bogan High School by the "Chicago Sun-Times". On February 18, he became one of three finalists for the Naismith Prep Player of the Year Award along with Okafor and Stanley Johnson. On March 7 Alexander won the "Chicago Sun-Times" Player of the Year as well as the Naismith Player of the Year. On March 10, he was one of 26 players selected for the April 18, 2014 Jordan Brand Classic again along with fellow Chicagoans Ulis and Okafor as well as fellow Kansas commit Oubre. He was recognized as one of twenty "Parade" All-Americans. He was named Associated Press Class 4A 1st team All-state with Okafor, Brunson, Ulis and Sean O'Mara. Alexander lost out to Okafor in the Illinois Mr. Basketball voting by a 492–402 vote. He was a "USA Today" first team All-USA Boys Basketball Team selection along with Okafor, Oubre, Mudiay, and Stanley Johnson. He earned first team All-American recognition from MaxPreps on April 13. On April 16, he earned another national player of the year award Mr. Basketball USA.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Comparisons.

paragraph: Prior to his sophomore season, he was considered more raw, but more athletic than Okafor, according to the "Chicago Sun-Times" basketball reporter Joe Henricksen. At that stage in head-to-head competition, Alexander was overmatched by Okafor. Following his sophomore season, Reggie Rose (Derrick Rose's brother) noted that Alexander was more suited toward a fast break offense while Okafor would be more likely to excel in a half-court set. He is also compared to Anthony Bennett, although Alexander needs to improve his outside shooting to make the comparison valid and he needs to improve his low post mastery for a valid comparison to Jared Sullinger. Alexander feels he is most often compared to Amar'e Stoudemire, which he is comfortable with because he views Stoudemire as someone who "...can shoot the 15-footer, put it on the floor, post moves, sets good screens." NBADraft.net compares Alexander to Thomas Robinson, while Bleacher Report's Kerry Miller compared him to Robinson and Julius Randle, noting despite his phenomenal physicality, he is undersized to play center and lacking the midrange jump shot necessary to play power forward.

paragraph: He is known as the type of player likely to get a slam dunk if he gets the ball near the rim. His high dunk frequency is attributed to his multidimensional quickness, intuitive sense for the ball and his "brute physicality". His "sheer dominance, along with his physical and athletic presence" are what make him a unique talent. At the July 2013 LeBron James Skills Academy, James told him to develop his ballhandling and strength.

paragraph: Alexander is also compared to local products Jabari Parker and Jahlil Okafor for off the court reasons. Whereas, they have been groomed to think about behaving like future celebrity athletes, Alexander is a star from off the street who has to be reminded of his role now. For example, when WGN named him athlete of the month in December 2013, they quoted his coach Mike Oliver who said, "People fail to realize (Simeon and Duke star) Jabari Parker and (Duke-bound Young center) Jahlil Okafor were groomed for this. For Cliff, this came out of nowhere, like a big wind thrown in his face." As a senior, he and crosstown fellow Naismith Prep Player of the Year Award finalist Okafor were compared by a "Chicago Sun-Times" photographer as follows: "Okafor is Beverly Hills, Cliff is Inglewood." because Okafor is known for his polished footwork and finesse, Alexander is known for his dominating power game of dunks and blocks. "Sun-Times" reporter Michael O'Brien stated the comparison more eloquently saying that for the next generation area big men will be compared to the duo: "Alexander as the gold standard for speed, power and athleticism; Okafor for technique, poise and polish."

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Alexander entered his college career as the Big 12 Conference Preseason Co-Freshmen of the Year (along with Myles Turner) according to a vote of the league's head coaches. In its preseason top 100 player ranking, Alexander was listed at number 27 by ESPN. "USA Today" named him to its Preseason All-American third team and NBCSports.com named him as an honorable mention for its Preseason All-American team. He was also listed as a John R. Wooden Award Preseason Top 50 candidate and a Wayman Tisdale Award Watch list selection. Alexander was also included in the early December Naismith Award top 50 watch list.

paragraph: Alexander began the season coming off the bench. On November 24, Alexander had his first double-digit output with 10 points against Rider. In the 2014 Orlando Classic semifinals against Tennessee on November 28, he posted 16 points. Then in the finals against #20 Michigan State on November 30, he contributed 4 blocks. On December 5 during the Big 12/SEC Challenge contest against Florida, Alexander posted a team-high 10 rebounds along with 12 points for his first collegiate double-double. On December 20, Alexander was expected to be in the starting lineup for the first time against Lafayette, but he was not. However, he started on December 22 against Temple. On January 19 against #19 Oklahoma, Alexander posted 13 points and 13 rebounds. The 13 rebounds in just 23 minutes played marked a career high for Alexander and an individual season high for the Jayhawks. Alexander was named Big 12 newcomer of the week on January 26, 2015. Alexander made his second start of the season on February 10 against Texas Tech, replacing Jamari Traylor in the lineup and posting 10 points, 4 blocks and 5 rebounds. On February 28, Alexander was inactivated due to an undisclosed NCAA investigation as a precautionary measure. He did not play any games after February 23 because of the investigation of his mother's initiation of pre-NBA draft loan processing.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Portland Trail Blazers (2015–2016).

paragraph: On April 7, in the face of a battle for NCAA reinstatement that saw him miss the last 8 games of the season, Alexander declared for the June 25, 2015 NBA draft. On May 31, Alexander suffered a right knee injury in draft workout with the Los Angeles Lakers. After going undrafted, Alexander joined the Brooklyn Nets for the 2015 NBA Summer League. He averaged 6.7 rebounds, 0.3 assists, and 1.5 blocks in 22 minutes per game in the Summer League. On July 24, 2015, Alexander signed with the Portland Trail Blazers. By the beginning of training camp, Alexander's injury caused him to be expected to miss two weeks. He was one of five non-guaranteed contract players vying for three roster spots. Alexander missed the entire preseason with the Trail Blazers due to his knee but made the roster and entered the season behind Meyers Leonard, Mason Plumlee, Ed Davis, Noah Vonleh, and Al-Farouq Aminu on the depth chart. Despite minor torn cartilage issues, Alexander was active for the first time on November 8 in Portland's seventh game of the season. Alexander played 17 minutes on November 15, posting 4 points, 4 rebounds and a block against Charlotte.

paragraph: On March 10, 2016, using the flexible assignment rule, Alexander was assigned to the Santa Cruz Warriors, the D-League affiliate of the Golden State Warriors. On March 20, he was recalled by Portland.

paragraph: On July 7, 2016, Alexander was waived by the Trail Blazers. The transaction was a maneuver to create salary cap space for Festus Ezeli. After he cleared waivers, the Trail Blazers added him to its NBA Summer League roster.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Erie BayHawks (2016–2017).

paragraph: On September 8, 2016, Alexander signed with the Orlando Magic, but was later waived on October 16 after appearing in two preseason games. On October 29, he was acquired by the Erie BayHawks of the NBA Development League as an affiliate player of the Magic. In 22 games he averaged 11.9 points, 8.0 rebounds and 1.1 blocks in 24.5 minutes.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Long Island Nets / Brooklyn Nets (2017).

paragraph: On January 31, 2017, Alexander was traded to the Long Island Nets in exchange for 2017 third round pick. On April 2, 2017, Alexander signed a 10-day contract with the Brooklyn Nets. He was waived two days later before appearing in a game for the Nets. The 10-day contract had been guaranteed and earned Alexander a year of service (toward payscale minimums and pension eligibility) in the NBA making him a 2-year veteran.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New Orleans Pelicans (2017).

paragraph: On September 24, Alexander signed a one-year, non-guaranteed contract with the New Orleans Pelicans a few days before training camp began. Alexander was waived on October 14.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Wisconsin Herd (2017–2018).

paragraph: On October 20, it was announced that the Wisconsin Herd had acquired returning player rights to Alexander in a trade with Long Island. On November 2, which was the eve of the season tipoff, Alexander was issued a 5-game suspension for violating league's Anti-Drug Program.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:ASVEL Basket (2018–present).

paragraph: On March 24, 2018, ASVEL Basket was reported to have signed with Alexander.

paragraph: Alexander joined the Los Angeles Clippers for the 2019 NBA Summer League.

paragraph: Section::::National team career.

paragraph: Alexander was selected by USA Basketball to represent Team USA in the inaugural 2013 FIBA Americas 3x3 U18 Championship in August. He helped the team achieve gold. In the September 26–29, 2013 FIBA 3x3 U18 World Championship in Jakarta, Indonesia, Team USA finished 9th with a 7–1 record, losing in the opening round of 16 in the playoffs.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Alexander's father is Clifton Terry, who played basketball for Robeson High School and Kennedy–King College. Following his time at the two-year Kennedy-King, Terry declared for the 2001 NBA draft. His professional career included time in the NBA Development League. Alexander picked up basketball late due to the lack of available safe courts to play on in his Chicago West Side neighborhood known as the Brian Piccolo community.

description: American basketball player

wikidata_label: Cliff Alexander

wikipedia_title: Cliff Alexander


text:
Melbourne
Red Leaves / 紅葉
The Lifted Brow
"Oink, Oink, Oink"
black comedy
science fiction
pop culture
genetic engineering
grunge
dirty realism
cryptographs
cryptograms
comics
Penguin
Penguin
Penguin
Penguin
grunge
Renaissance
"Hunter Publishers"
"Smashwords"
"best books of 2008"
"First Tuesday Bookclub"
Woody Allen
Chuck Palahniuk
"ABC First Tuesday Bookclub episode"
"Author website: ericdando.com"
"Cordite"
"Oink Oink Oink on Smashwords"

categories: 20th-century Australian male writers,Australian male short story writers,Australian male novelists,20th-century Australian short story writers,21st-century Australian short story writers,Grunge lit authors,20th-century Australian novelists,Grunge lit,1970 births,Writers from Melbourne,21st-century Australian novelists,Living people

paragraph: Eric Dando

paragraph: Eric Yoshiaki Dando (born July 1970), is a Melbourne writer, best known for the cult novel "snail" (Penguin, 1996), although his short fiction has appeared in many literary magazines and anthologies, including "Hot Type" (Penguin, 1995), "Hot Sand" (Penguin, 1996), "The Age" (Melbourne), "Best Australian Stories", the "Sleepers Alamanac", "Going Down Swinging", "Cordite", "Undergrowth", "Verity La", "The Diamond & the Thief", "Red Leaves / 紅葉", "Torpedo" and "The Lifted Brow". His most recent novel titled "Oink, Oink, Oink": is a surreal, black comedy that plays with themes from science fiction, pop culture, consumerism, and genetic engineering. It was published by Hunter Publishers in October 2008, and reissued online as an e-book through Smashwords in May, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Eric Yoshiaki Dando was born in Tokyo but grew up in Melbourne. He was associated with the short lived grunge and dirty realism movements in Australian literature in the last century (1990s). He also experiments with cryptographs (cryptograms) and humorous comics, the first of which was published in "Cordite" although inaccurately credited to Evan Dando.

paragraph: Section::::"Snail".

paragraph: Eric Dando's first novel "Snail" attracted widespread attention as one of the very few unsolicited novels published by a major publishing company. At the time, he was the youngest Australian writer published by Penguin. The story behind its publication became a minor sensation and has been subject to rumour and speculation to the point where it has taken on mythic qualities. The general story is that Eric Dando submitted his manuscript bound in floorboards, though sometimes it has been said they were palings from a fence amongst other things. The legend continues that it remained where it was in the office of Penguin until someone tripped over it and read it.

paragraph: Currently, "Snail" is out of print, despite being voted in a 2010 Penguin Poll as one of the Top 100 books. The poll was officially conducted by Penguin via their Facebook page in which Australian fans were asked to vote for their favourite Penguin book of all time.

paragraph: "Snail" explored themes of madness, suicide, and drugs. It is a darkly humorous novel, but one which is undeniably positive and optimistic rather than glorifying the grunge genre of which it is a part.

paragraph: 'Printed entirely in lower case, the book seems to present a challenge to the reader - to make it through without being driven mad by the deliberate feyness of lower case.' - Tegan Bennet, 1996.

paragraph: 'Dando writes, 'jokes are always needed', and jokes - mostly good jokes - are his book's mainstay.' - "Australian Book Review", 1996.

paragraph: 'Refreshingly, Dando's philosophical approach appears to derive from the Renaissance tendency to view the human soul or psyche as having an analogical relationship with the natural world...' - "Philosopher Magazine", 1996.

paragraph: Section::::"Oink, Oink, Oink: A Savage Modern Fable".

paragraph: "Oink, Oink, Oink", described by its publisher as 'a savage modern fable about science, family, television, and love gone wrong', is a satirical novel describing a young man's journey from his home in Japan to meet his estranged, mad-scientist father in Melbourne, Australia. It was first published in Australia by "Hunter Publishers" in October 2008. Following difficulties with the publisher, Dando negotiated release of his book and it is currently in print via "Smashwords". In selecting it as one of the "best books of 2008", reviewer Laurie Steed called it 'like Orwell on acid' and many reviewers have commented on its surreal tone and humorous, yet unsettling, view of consumerism, environmental degradation, and progress left to run wild.

paragraph: In 2008, "Oink, Oink, Oink" was also featured on ABS's "First Tuesday Bookclub" show with many positive comments which further defined Dando's novels as having a cult following.

paragraph: 'Imagine Woody Allen and Chuck Palahniuk programming a festival for your brain... Part satirical horror, part spooky speculative fiction, a savagely funny critique of consumer-driven society.'— "The Big Issue", Australia

paragraph: 'Vonnegut meets Orwell in "Oink, Oink, Oink"…a droll and unsettling nightmare of a book.'— "The Age", Melbourne.

paragraph: 'This black little fable begins with one of the best opening sentences I've seen lately, something that could sum up an entire generation's understanding of 20th-century world history.'— "Sydney Morning Herald"

paragraph: "'Oink" is futuristic, zany, black, surreal.'—"The Sunday Age", Melbourne

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Novels

paragraph: BULLET::::- "snail" (Penguin, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oink, Oink, Oink: a savage modern fable" (Hunter Publishers, 2008; reissued by Smashwords, 2011)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "ABC First Tuesday Bookclub episode"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Author website: ericdando.com"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cordite"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oink Oink Oink on Smashwords"

description: Australian writer

wikidata_label: Eric Dando

wikipedia_title: Eric Dando


text:
fencer
sabre
foil
Épée
1900 Summer Olympics

categories: Olympic fencers of Spain,People from Jerez de la Frontera,1864 births,Dukes of Gor,Fencers at the 1900 Summer Olympics,Spanish male fencers,1930 deaths

paragraph: Mauricio Álvarez de las Asturias Bohorques y Ponce de León (4 November 1864 – 24 February 1930) was a Spanish Duke and fencer. He competed in the individual sabre, foil and Épée events at the 1900 Summer Olympics.

alias: Mauricio Alvarez de las Asturias Bohorques y Ponce de Leon

description: fencer


text: equine

text: mule

text: donkey

text: cartoonist

text: Peanuts

text: Charles M. Schulz

text: Minneapolis, Minnesota

text: Colorado Springs, Colorado

text: Sebastopol, California

text: The American School In Switzerland

text: Sonoma State University

text: psychiatric nursing

text: Napa State Hospital

text: psychiatric technician

text: behavior modification

text: Healdsburg, California

text: dressage

text: reining

text: Bishop Mule Days

text: Bishop Mule Days

text: Bureau of Land Management

text: Bear River

text: Grass Valley, California

text: Mule Days Celebration, Bishop, California

categories: Animal trainers,1950 births,Living people,American female equestrians

paragraph: Meredith Hodges

paragraph: Meredith Sue Hodges (née Schulz; born February 5, 1950) is an American equine trainer, competitor, educator, author and TV personality specializing in mules and donkeys, specifically the contemporary saddle mule.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hodges's mother is Joyce Steele Doty (née Halverson, formerly Lewis), mule breeder and developer of the first "quality" mules in the United States. Her adoptive father was cartoonist and "Peanuts" creator Charles M. Schulz. Hodges grew up as one of Schulz's five children, and did not learn until she was an adult that he was not her biological father. Hodges was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, after which her family moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado where her younger brother was born. The family eventually moved to Sebastopol, California. After graduating from The American School In Switzerland, Hodges attended Sonoma State University, where she studied psychiatric nursing. During this time she began work at Sonoma State Hospital with a rotation at Napa State Hospital as a psychiatric technician. Her career choice seemed far removed from where life would take her in the future, but, today, Hodges attributes her studies in psychology—especially her work in behavior modification science—to be at the core of her understanding of and her ability to communicate with mules and donkeys. In 1973 her mother enlisted her help in tending to the many mules and donkeys on her Windy Valley Mule Ranch in Healdsburg, California. Hodges became an assistant trainer and worked with her mother, on and off, until 1979, when her mother sold the Windy Valley Ranch. Joyce Doty gave Hodges the last mule, Lucky Three Sundowner, and the last jack, Little Jack Horner, that were born at Windy Valley Ranch in 1980. Little Jack Horner became the Sire Supreme of the Lucky Three Ranch lineage in Colorado.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1980 Hodges purchased a former sheep ranch in Loveland, Colorado and christened it the Lucky Three Ranch. She began breeding and training what would become a top-quality line of mules and donkeys, some of them future champions. Her purpose was to prove that mules could do everything that horses could do in all kinds of recreational equestrian disciplines to further their use in modern America. As she learned more about these equines’ personalities and abilities, she began to develop her own training program utilizing her own observations and her background in behavior modification. Over the next ten years, guided by the resistance-free training techniques of Richard Shrake and merging the knowledge of many other trainers from multiple equestrian disciplines (such as Major Anders Lindgren in dressage, Rick Noffsinger in driving, Bruce Davidson and Denny Emerson in Combined Training, Al Dunning in reining), she coalesced her theories and techniques into a comprehensive method called “Training Mules and Donkeys: A Logical Approach To Longears.”

paragraph: Concurrently, Hodges’ evolving technique proved successful in showing her animals in both horse and mule shows. In 1984 Lucky Three Sundowner became the World Champion Bridle Reined Mule at Bishop Mule Days in Bishop, California. He then became the World Champion 3rd level Dressage Mule in 1992, and again in 1993, while working at home at 4th Level Dressage.

paragraph: During the 1970s and early 1980s, most competitive equestrian events were closed to mules and donkeys. In 1986 Hodges lobbied at the United States Dressage Federation (USDF) Convention, wrote letter campaigns, and held forums and discussions with various breed organizations in an effort to change the USDF rules to include mules and donkeys in competition. This was done, but the American Horse Show Association (AHSA) still would not accept them. Mules were limited to schooling shows only and not allowed at the upper levels in the USDF shows that were governed by the AHSA. Hodges continued to work with other mule enthusiasts to get mules accepted by the AHSA. On January 18, 2004, mules were finally accepted by the AHSA, now the United States Equestrian Federation (USEF). The rule was approved with consideration. Mules were now accepted in the Dressage Division of the USEF.

paragraph: In 1990 her champion jack donkey, Little Jack Horner, jumped four feet in exhibition at Bishop Mule Days, winning a Special Award and making him the only formal jumping donkey in the world.

paragraph: Section::::Animal welfare and advocacy.

paragraph: Since 1999, Hodges has financially supported Colorado’s Hearts & Horses, a NARHA-approved therapeutic riding program, and donated two mules to help develop and expand this program. As an equine rights advocate, Hodges supports and promotes a variety of horse and mule rescue organizations. She is also involved in the efforts to end horse slaughter and the consumption of horsemeat overseas, and the call for ethical and humane treatment and management of the wild horses and burros being overseen by the United States BLM (Bureau of Land Management).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: She married Gary Fredricksen in 1969. Meredith and Gary Fredricksen started managing the Sonoma Craft Magic Leather Shop making unique, original design leather clothes from 1970 up until 1975. During this time she worked a series of other jobs as a waitress and a skating instructor for the Redwood Empire Ice Arena in Santa Rosa. Her daughter, Dena was born in 1974. Gary Fredricksen drowned in a swimming accident in Bear River in Grass Valley, California in 1975 and shortly after Meredith went to the Windy Valley Ranch to work with her mother's equines. She married Gary Hodges in 1980, the same year she purchased the property that would become the Lucky Three Ranch. Meredith and Gary Hodges divorced in 1982.

paragraph: She has two brothers and two sisters.

paragraph: Section::::Career highlights.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 – Established the Colorado Mule & Donkey Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 – Gave a presentation entitled “Mules in Dressage” to the United States Dressage Federation in Houston, Texas. Mules were accepted nationally at non-AHSA shows and competitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 – Three of her mules marched in the Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, CA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 - Lucky Three Ciji was International Side Saddle Organization All Around Champion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 – Rode Little Jack Horner to jump over four feet in exhibition at Bishop Mule Days.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992,1993– Rode Lucky Three Sundowner to two world championships at third-level dressage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 - Lucky Three Ciji was Reserve International Side Saddle Organization All Around Champion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 – Mae Bea C.T. took second place at the Abbe Ranch Horse Trials.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 – Mae Bea C.T. took first place in the Novice division at the Abbe Ranch Horse Trials.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 – Rode Mae Bea C.T. in the presidential inaugural parade, Washington, D.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – Lucky Three Eclipse was Bishop World Champion Warm-up Hunter.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002–2009 - Her mule and donkey training program, “Training Mules & Donkeys,” aired on RFD-TV.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography and DVDs.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography and DVDs.:Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Training Mules and Donkeys: A Logical Approach to Longears", Alpine Publications, 1993,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Training Without Resistance from Foal to Advanced Levels" (also available in Spanish, French and German), 1999,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Equine Management & Donkey Training" (also available in Spanish, French and German), 1999,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Donkey Training", 1999,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Guide to Raising & Showing Mules", 2003,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Equus Revisited: A Complete Approach to Athletic Conditioning", 2009,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jasper: The Story of a Mule", 2003,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jasper: A Christmas Caper", 2004,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jasper: A Precious Valentine", 2005,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jasper: A Fabulous Fourth", 2006,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jasper: A Turkey Tale", 2007,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jasper Goes to Bishop Coloring Book", 2009,

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography and DVDs.:DVDs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Training Mules and Donkeys" Series:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Foal Training", 1997,

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Preparing for Performance: Groundwork", 1997,

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Preparing for Performance: Driving", 1997,

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "Basic Foundation for Saddle", 1997,

paragraph: BULLET::::5. "Intermediate Saddle Training", 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::6. "Advanced Saddle Training", 1997,

paragraph: BULLET::::7. "Jumping", 1997,

paragraph: BULLET::::8. "Management, Fitting & Grooming", 1998,

paragraph: BULLET::::9. "Keys to Training the Donkey: Intro to the Donkey & Basic Training", 1999,

paragraph: BULLET::::10. "Keys to Training the Donkey: Saddle Training & Jumping", 1999,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Those Magnificent Mules" Series:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Those Magnificent Mules, The Story of Lucky Three Ranch & The Road to Bishop", Parts 1-4, 2008,

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Those Magnificent Mules, Walk On: Exploring Therapeutic Riding", Parts 5&6, 2008,

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Those Magnificent Mules, Bishop All-Stars & The Bishop Experience", Parts 7-10, 2009,

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "Equus Revisited: A Complete Approach to Athletic Conditioning", 2009,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jasper the Mule" Series:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Jasper: The Story of a Mule", 2005,

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Jasper Goes to Bishop", 2009,

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Jasper: A Christmas Caper", 2010,

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "Jasper: A Precious Valentine", 2011,

paragraph: BULLET::::5. "Jasper: A Turkey Tale", 2011,

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hertz, H. (2001). "Meredith Hodges", "Western Horseman" 66

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1987). "Mules Make the Grade", "Equus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voynick, S. (2006)."For the Love of Longears" "Acres Innovative Country Living" 14

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Aug. 2010). "USDF Connection Magazine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hertz, H. (2010) "An Event Like No Other", "Western Horseman"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davis S. (1993). "Long Ears in High Society", "Sports Illustrated"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Noel T.J. & Faulkner, D.B. (2006)."Colorado An Illustrated History of the Highest State" American Historical Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nickell, G. (2003). "Meredith Hodges authors children’s book", "Inyo Register"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voynick, S. (2006) "A Place for Mules", "Persimmon Hill" 64

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gordon, J. (2003) "Telling a mule’s tale", "Fort Collins Coloradoan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hertz. H. (2007). "A Special Mule Memorialized in Bronze", "Horses in Art" 32

paragraph: BULLET::::- CBLM Staff (2005). "Mule Expert Focuses on Educating Children", "Colorado Business & Lifestyle Magazine" 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2003). "Mule It Over", "Cowboys & Indians"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schulz, C.M. (1975). ‘’Peanuts Jubilee’’, Holt, Rinehart and Wilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Noel T.J. with Sladek, R.D. (2002). "Fort Collins and Larimer County An Illustrated History", Heritage Media Corp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peyre-Ferry, M. (1990), "Sport Mules Leaving the Plows Behind", "HorsePlay"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mule Days Celebration, Bishop, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bishop Mule Days show records

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004)."Hodges comes by her love of mules naturally", "Journal-Advocate, Sterling, Colorado"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mischka, R.A. (1994)."Let’s Show Your Mule", Heart Prairie Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lackett, K. (2006) "Rialto to screen 'Jasper,' and animated short" "Fort Collins Coloradoan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2007). "Hearts & Horses gala a big success", "Fort Collins Coloradoan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lee/Embry/Hutter/Pollok/Rudd/Westrom/Bull (1996). "Introduction to Livestock and Poultry Production", Interstate Publishers Inc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Travis, L. (1990). "The Mule", J.A. Allen & Co., Ltd.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orlean, S. (2010). "Riding High Mules in the Military", "The New Yorker"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hertz, H. (2009). "Heartwarming Tale Holds Key to Training Success", "Mules and More Magazine"

description: Horse trainer, equestrian, mule trainer

wikidata_label: Meredith Hodges

wikipedia_title: Meredith Hodges


text:
Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud
Leisnig
Saxony
Dresden
Leipzig University
Paul Gerhardt
Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud
melisma
Evangelisches Gesangbuch

paragraph: August Harder

paragraph: August Harder (17 July 1775 – 22 October 1813) was a German musician, composer and writer. He is known for the melody to Paul Gerhardt's sacred summer song "Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud".

paragraph: Born Augustin Harder in Schönerstädt near Leisnig, Saxony, he grew up as the son of the village teacher, receiving the first music lessons from his father. He attended a gymnasium Dresden, and then studied theology at the Leipzig University. He gave private music lessons to make a living. He dropped out of theology to pursue music, his vocation. He worked as a freelance musician, as singer, pianist, guitarist, also as a composer, writer and teacher. He died there on 22 October 1813.

paragraph: Harder composed singable melodies, of which the one to Paul Gerhardt's sacred summer song "Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud" was of lasting popularity. Although church musicians disliked its melismas and merry character, and tried various other melodies with the text in hymnals, it is now part of the Protestant German hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch of 1993, as EG 503.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthias Werner: "Harder, August." In: Wolfgang Herbst: "Wer ist wer im Gesangbuch?" Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, , S. 131 f. ().

description: German musician and composer

wikidata_label: August Harder

wikipedia_title: August Harder


href: witchcraft Newbattle Lothian Dalkeith bierricht sleep%20paralysis

text:
witchcraft
Newbattle
Lothians
Dalkeith
bierricht
sleep paralysis

categories: Scottish midwives,Midwifery in the United Kingdom,1577 births,1661 deaths,17th-century Scottish women,People executed by Scotland by  burning,17th-century Scottish people,People executed for witchcraft

paragraph: Beatrix Leslie

paragraph: Beatrix Leslie (c. 1577 - 3 September 1661) was a Scottish midwife executed for witchcraft. In 1661 she was accused of causing the collapse of a coal pit through witchcraft. Little is known about her life before that, although there are reported disputes with neighbours that allude to a quarrelsome attitude.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Leslie was married to William Moffat, but it is unknown if they had any children. She lived in Blackcoat in the parish of Newbattle in the Lothians. She worked as a midwife and described during her trial how she used a knife and salt in a protective ritual during childbirth. Considering her advanced age, she likely was quite skilful as a midwife. At the time of her arrest, Leslie would have been around eighty-four years old.

paragraph: There are several reports that note her as argumentative. Some reports state that she uttered curses during certain disputes, after which several women claimed to have suffered harm and loss. These likely will have contributed to her conviction.

paragraph: Leslie had acted as midwife for William Young and Agnes Acheson. They testified they were terrified of Leslie after their friendship had broke down; both had had nightmares that Leslie was devouring them. Indeed, when Leslie had quarreled with William Young and his wife it was "that same verry night, the said William Young awakened out of his sleep, in a great affrightment and sweat, crying out, that she with a number of catts wer devouring him’".

paragraph: For historian Anna Cordey "the fact that Leslie had been Acheson’s midwife did not make them trust and respect her once the relationship had failed; rather, it caused further unease because they were aware of her abilities."

paragraph: Section::::Trial.

paragraph: Leslie stood on trial in Dalkeith in 1661, a year in which many witches were prosecuted in the Lothians. She was tried together with five other women. The trial began on 20 July 1661 and concluded on 3 August 1661.

paragraph: The accusations brought against her included malefice (evil harm) and demonic witchcraft. The accusation was that two girls who had angered Leslie were killed by using witchcraft to cause the roof of a coal pit to collapse on them.

paragraph: The witch-pricker John Kincaid investigated Leslie by subjecting her to at least two ordeals. Firstly pricking, during which the accused was pricked with needles in several places in order to find a devil's mark. The second ordeal was the bierricht, where the accused was made to touch the corpse of their alleged victim. If upon their touch the corpse would start bleeding again, the accused was found guilty. The written records mention the two girls only bled when Leslie was made to touch their corpses.

paragraph: During the ordeals, Leslie confessed to meeting the devil twice, once in the shape of a brown dog and once as a young man, agreeing to be his servant and being given the new name 'Bold Leslie'. However, she claimed to not have renounced her baptism.

paragraph: Section::::Execution.

paragraph: With the confession gathered through the ordeal she was found guilty and ordered to be executed.

paragraph: She was strangled and burnt on 3 September 1661.

paragraph: Section::::Historical significance.

paragraph: A few aspects of Beatrix Leslie's case are of historical significance. Firstly, her confession to a 'demonic pact', albeit as a result of her torture, and the fact she was tried as part of a group of women during a year when a great many witches were prosecuted. The nightmares experienced by Acheson and Young may be further evidence of the effect of the frightening symptoms of sleep paralysis on early modern witchcraft. Cordey also records that with Leslie's ordeal:"This leads on to the issue of ‘charmers’ in the sense of people who offered their services as healers and diviners. Charmers were distinct from witches; they were self-professed, whereas witches were labelled by others. For most people, the local healer or charmer offered the only medical attention they could ever hope to receive. Nevertheless, a charmer could sometimes acquire a reputation for witchcraft... In Dalkeith, it is clear that the authorities saw charming as suspicious: scratch the surface and it was likely that something more damning was going on. And charming and midwifery seem to have been linked."

description: accused of witchcraft

wikidata_label: Beatrix Leslie

wikipedia_title: Beatrix Leslie


text:
Danish
Absalon
Archbishop of Lund
Valdemar I of Denmark
Gesta Danorum
Denmark
Amleth
Hamlet
Shakespeare
Jutland Chronicle
Zealand
Danes
Wends
Valdemar I
Valdemar II
Elbe
Holstein
Sven Aggesen
Hird
clergy
Lund
Latin
Paris
Sorø
Danes
Gesta Danorum
Absalon
Danes
Gesta Danorum
Aeneid
Vergil
Plato
Cicero
Geoffrey of Monmouth
Danes
Absalon
Danish
Dan I of Denmark
Danes
Christ
Absalon
Saint Canute
Snorri Sturluson
Angles
Danish
Danes
Odin
Valhalla
Frode
Anders Sunesen
Shakespeare
Amleth
Hamlet
Jodocus Badius Ascendius
Gesta Danorum
Oliver Elton
English
Latinist
Erasmus
R. W. Chambers
parallelism
Danes
Danish history
Chronicon Roskildense
English
Latin
Christianity
Sven Aggesen
Renaissance
Christian
Norwegian
Icelandic
Sven Aggesen
euhemerism
Scanmainly dinavian
Sven
Cardinal Virtues
Gesta Danorum
Nordic
Baltic
13th century
Danish
Northern Crusades
Absalon
Saxo Grammaticus
Gesta Danorum
Absalon
Absalon
Absalon
10462 Saxogrammaticus
e-text THE DANISH HISTORY, BOOKS I-IX

categories: 12th-century Latin writers,1220 deaths,1150s births,13th-century historians,13th-century Latin writers

paragraph: Saxo Grammaticus

paragraph: Saxo Grammaticus (c. 1160 – c. 1220), also known as Saxo cognomine Longus, was a Danish historian, theologian and author. He is thought to have been a clerk or secretary to Absalon, Archbishop of Lund, the main advisor to Valdemar I of Denmark. He is the author of the "Gesta Danorum", the first full history of Denmark, from which the legend of Amleth would come to inspire the story of "Hamlet" by Shakespeare.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The "Jutland Chronicle" gives evidence that Saxo was born in Zealand (). It is unlikely he was born before 1150 and it is supposed that his death could have occurred around 1220. His name Saxo was a common name in medieval Denmark. The name "Grammaticus" ("the learned") was first given to him in the "Jutland Chronicle" and the "Sjælland Chronicle" makes reference to Saxo "cognomine Longus" ("the tall").

paragraph: He lived in a period of warfare and Danish expansion, led by Archbishop Absalon and the Valdemars. The Danes were also being threatened by the Wends who were making raids across the border and by sea. Valdemar I had also just won a civil war and later Valdemar II led an expedition across the Elbe to invade Holstein.

paragraph: Sven Aggesen, a Danish nobleman and author of a slightly earlier history of Denmark than Saxo's, describes his contemporary, Saxo, as his "contubernalis", meaning "tent-comrade". This gives evidence that Saxo and Sven might have soldiered in the "Hird" or royal guard since Sven used the word "contubernium" in reference to them. There is also a Saxo to be found on a list of clergy at Lund, where there was a Sven recorded as Archdeacon. Likewise there is Dean Saxo who died in 1190; however the date does not match what is known about Saxo.

paragraph: Both arguments, for a secular or religious Saxo, would confirm that he was well educated, as clergy he would have received training in Latin and sons of great men were often sent to Paris. Saxo comes from a warrior family and writes that he is himself committed to being a soldier. He tells us that he follows "the ancient right of hereditary service," and that his father and grandfather "were recognized frequenters of your renowned sire's (Valdemar I) war camp."

paragraph: Saxo's education and ability support the idea that he was educated outside Denmark. Some suggest the title "Grammaticus" refers not to his education but rather his elaborate Latin style. We know from his writing that he was in the retinue and received the patronage of Absalon, Archbishop of Lund, who was the foremost adviser to King Valdemar I. In his will Absalon forgives his clerk Saxo a small debt of two and a half marks of silver and tells him to return two borrowed books to the monastery of Sorø. The legacy of Saxo Grammaticus is the sixteen-book heroic history of the Danes called "Gesta Danorum".

paragraph: Section::::Gesta Danorum.

paragraph: In the preface to the work, Saxo writes that his patron Absalon (c. 1128 – 21 March 1201), Archbishop of Lund had encouraged him to write a heroic history of the Danes. The history is thought to have been started about 1185, after Sven Aggesen wrote his history. The goal of "Gesta Danorum" was as Saxo writes "to glorify our fatherland," which he accomplishes on the model of the "Aeneid" by Vergil. Saxo also may have owed much to Plato, Cicero and also to more contemporary writers like Geoffrey of Monmouth.

paragraph: Saxo's history of the Danes was compiled from sources that are of questionable historical value but were to him the only ones extant. He drew on oral tales of the Icelanders, ancient volumes, letters carved on rocks and stone, and the statements of his patron Absalon concerning the history of which the Archbishop had been a part. Saxo's work was not strictly a history or a simple record of old tales, rather it was, in the parlance of Friis-Jensen, "a product of Saxo's own mind and times,"; Westergaard writes that Saxo combines the history and mythology of the heroic age of Denmark and reworks it into his own story that exemplifies the past of the Danes.

paragraph: The history is composed of sixteen books and extends from the time of the founders of the Danish people, Dan I of Denmark and Angul into about the year 1187. The first four are concerned with the history of the Danes before Christ, the next four with the history after Christ, books 9–12 Christian Denmark and 13–16 promote Lund and the exploits early before and during Saxo's own lifetime. It is assumed that the last eight books were written first, as Saxo drew heavily on the work of Absalon (who died in 1201, before the work was completed) for evidence of the age of Saint Canute and Valdemar I.

paragraph: The first eight volumes share a likeness with the works of Saxo's contemporary Snorri Sturluson. They deal with mythical elements such as giants and the Scandinavian pantheon of gods. Saxo tells of Dan the first king of Denmark who had a brother named Angul who gave his name to the Angles. He also tells the stories of various other Danish heroes, many who interact with the Scandinavian gods. Saxo's "heathen" gods however were not always good characters. They were sometimes treacherous such as in the story of Harald, legendary king of the Danes, who was taught the ways of warfare by Odin and then was betrayed and killed by the god who then brought him to Valhalla.

paragraph: Saxo's world is seen to have had very warlike values. He glorifies the heroes that made their names in battle far more than those who made peace. His view of the period of peace under King Frode was very low and was only satisfied when King Knut brought back the ancestral customs. Saxo's chronology of kings extends up to Saint Canute and his son Valdemar I. Saxo finished the history with the Preface, which he wrote last, in c. 1216 under the patronage of Anders Sunesen who replaced Absalon as Archbishop of Lund. Saxo included in the preface warm appreciation of both Archbishops and of the reigning King Valdemar II.

paragraph: Section::::Historical contribution.

paragraph: Of particular interest for Shakespeare scholars is the story of Amleth, the first instance of the playwright's Hamlet. Saxo based the story on an oral tale of a son taking revenge for his murdered father. Christiern Pedersen, a Canon of Lund, collaborated with Jodocus Badius Ascendius, a fellow enthusiast, to print the work of Saxo Grammaticus early in the sixteenth century. This was the first major step toward securing the historical significance of "Gesta Danorum". Starting from that that point, the knowledge of it began to spread within the academic community. Oliver Elton, who was the first to translate the first nine books of "Gesta Danorum" into English, wrote that Saxo was the first writer produced by Denmark.

paragraph: Saxo's skill as a Latinist was praised by Erasmus, who wondered how "a Dane of that age got so great power of eloquence". Later R. W. Chambers would call Saxo's writings ""difficult and bombastic, but always amusing Latin"". There have been many attempts to understand the type of Latin language used by Saxo, and to juxtapose it in history, to provide more information on where he was educated. Some have considered his Latin to have more in common with legal than ecclesiastical training, and his poetry is thought to have traces of parallelism.

paragraph: Although Saxo is commonly viewed by modern Danes as their "first national historian", two other coherent accounts of Danish history by Danish authors predate Gesta Danorum. The are Chronicon Roskildense (English: "Roskilde Chronicle"), a small work written in Latin, completed in c. 1143, spanning from the introduction of Christianity in Denmark to the author's own time. The next to be published was "Brevis historia regum Dacie", written by Sven Aggesen (b. c. 1140–1150 – death unknown), thought to have been finished in 1186 or 1187 (the last event described happened in 1185), covering the years 300–1185.

paragraph: Saxo's works were received enthusiastically by the Renaissance era scholars, who were curious about the pre-Christian history and legends. Saxo's portrayals of history have been seen to differ greatly from those of his contemporaries, especially Norwegian and Icelandic, including portrayals of various historical characters as either heroes or villains. There are also differences between Saxo's work and that of the fellow Danish historian Sven Aggesen from the same era.

paragraph: These differences have to do with Saxo's elaboration and euhemerism in his descriptions of Scanmainly dinavian history and mythology, Saxo's account on the tale of Thyri, for instance, is considered to be far more fantastic than the same tale presented by Sven. Saxo's work has been criticized for this reason. Kurt Johannesson's studies expanded greatly on the comprehension of "Gesta Danorum", deviating from the approach that focuses mostly in mythology, and allowing the development of a wider understanding of Saxo's works.

paragraph: Recently some scholars, such as Sigurd Kværndrup, inspired by Johannesson's study of the four Cardinal Virtues in Gesta Danorum, have studied other elaborations and schemes in the writings of Saxo. Some of them have concluded that Saxo, instead of simply distorting alleged true Nordic and Baltic traditions and/or beliefs, was creating something new, attuned to the approaching 13th century Danish race to strengthen institutions and engage in the Northern Crusades.

paragraph: Importantly, after the death in 1202 of his patron Absalon, Saxo Grammaticus appears to have changed his agenda. What eventually came to be the first nine books of Gesta Danorum, were actually written after the death of Absalon, and they focus largely on mythology, for which Saxo has been criticized for. The contrast to the seven books written during the lifetime of Absalon is ""enormous", leading the main core of scholars to divide the two parts into mythical (books I–IX) and historical (books X–XVI), the last of the historical books being based on Absalon's memories. Therefore, we prefer to support the composition order of Gesta Danorum as X–XVI, followed by I–IX, and ending with the preface," says historian André Muceniecks from the Department of History at University of Sao Paulo in Brazil.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10462 Saxogrammaticus, asteroid

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In two volumes : ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- e-text THE DANISH HISTORY, BOOKS I-IX e-text from Elton's 1905 edition via "www.gutenberg.org"

description: Danish historian

wikidata_label: Saxo Grammaticus

wikipedia_title: Saxo Grammaticus


text:
United States Army
brigadier general
World War I
Crittenden, Kentucky
United States Military Academy
cavalry
School of the Line
Army Staff College
Pancho Villa Expedition
United States Army War College
Brigadier General
69th Infantry Brigade
38th Infantry Division
Chief of Staff
Fort Leavenworth
Signal Corps
colonel
Military Order of the Carabao
American Legion
Veterans of Foreign Wars
Military Order of Foreign Wars
Wardman Park
Washington, D.C.
Democrat

categories: Military personnel from Washington, D.C.,United States Military Academy alumni,1942 deaths,People from Grant County, Kentucky,United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni,United States Army War College alumni,1865 births,United States Army generals of World War I

paragraph: Nathaniel Fish McClure

paragraph: Nathaniel Fish McClure (July 21, 1865 – June 26, 1942) was a United States Army officer in the early 20th century who became a brigadier general. He served in several conflicts, including World War I.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Nathaniel Fish McClure was born July 21, 1865, in Crittenden, Kentucky, to Ezra R. McClure and Nannie McClure. He attended the United States Military Academy and graduated in 1887 as number twenty-three of sixty-four in his class.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: In 1887, McCure was commissioned for cavalry and performed frontier duty until 1901. McCure was in Puerto Rico from 1899 to 1900, then he served in the Philippines from 1901 to 1903. McCure became a distinguished graduate of the School of the Line in 1909, and he graduated from the Army Staff College in 1910. He became an instructor at the Army Service School from 1913 to 1916. During the spring of 1916, he participated in the Pancho Villa Expedition. In 1917, McCure graduated from the United States Army War College and was promoted to Brigadier General on December 17 of that year. He was the commander of Base Camp Number One in San Nazaire, France, until 1918. McCure then became commander of the 69th Infantry Brigade for two months, and then commanded the 38th Infantry Division for five weeks. McCure spent three months in combat with both the 69th and the 38th Divisions. McCure worked on duty in the Chief of Staff's office in Washington from late 1918 to early 1919. From 1920 to 1922, he served as the assistant commandant of the Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and from 1923 to 1926 he worked with the Signal Corps. McCure retired as a colonel July 21, 1929, and his Brigadier General rank was restored June 1930.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: During his lifetime, McCure belonged to a number of groups and organizations including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military Order of the Carabao

paragraph: BULLET::::- Association of Graduates

paragraph: BULLET::::- U.S Cavalry Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Legion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Veterans of Foreign Wars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military Order of Foreign Wars

paragraph: On July 14, 1890, McClure married Mamie Chapin. McClure retired in Wardman Park in Washington, D.C. In 1939, McClure had his book published, "Class of 1887, United States Military Academy". He was a known Democrat and at the age of seventy-six, McClure died in Wardman Park on June 26, 1942.

description: American military officer

wikidata_label: Nathaniel Fish McClure

wikipedia_title: Nathaniel Fish McClure


text: British

text: Whig

text: Conservative

text: Tory

text: Purbeck

text: Dorset

text: John Calcraft

text: Sir Thomas Hales

text: Granby Calcraft

text: William Montagu

text: John Hales Montagu

text: Henry George

text: Brooks's

text: Wareham

text: Sir James Mackintosh

text: William Wilberforce

text: Queen Caroline

text: corn laws

text: High Sheriff of Dorset

text: Liberal

text: Board of Trade

text: St George Hanover Square

text: London

text: The Times

text: Jane Ellen Panton

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1820–1826,UK MPs 1835–1837,1796 births,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1837–1841,Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1857–1859,Tory MPs (pre-1834)

paragraph: John Hales Calcraft

paragraph: John Hales Calcraft (23 September 1796 – 13 March 1880) was a British Whig, Conservative and Tory politician.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Born at Rempstone Hall in Purbeck, Dorset, Calcraft was the son of John Calcraft and Elizabeth née Hales (daughter of Sir Thomas Hales, and the brother of Granby Calcraft. He married Lady Caroline Katherine Montagu, daughter of William Montagu and Lady Susan Gordon, in 1828, and they had three sons and four daughters, including: John Hales Montagu (1831–1868); Susan Charlotte (1833–1892); William Montagu (1834–1901); Henry George (1836–1896); and Georgiana Emily (died 1915). Upon his marriage, his father granted him an allowance of £1,000 a year and allowed him to reside at Rempstone.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Elected to gentleman's club Brooks's in 1817, Calcraft was brought into Parliament for the first time at his father's borough of Wareham. Sitting as a Tory alongside his father (who was a Whig), he was described by Sir James Mackintosh as a "very sensible young man" and held the seat until 1826, although he often divided with the Whigs. However, his early parliamentary career was somewhat inactive with illness affecting his ability to vote on several occasions. Despite this, he voted against William Wilberforce's compromise motion on the Queen Caroline affair in 1820, for parliamentary reform in 1822, against the Irish unlawful societies bill in 1825, and for alteration for the corn laws in 1825. He had just one intervention during this period of his career, presenting a petition of the journeymen fishmongers of Westminster, who wanted to sell fish after 10:00. Falling ill again in early 1826, he retired from the seat.

paragraph: In 1828, he became deputy Postmaster General of the United Kingdom to his father, and then began to take part in local affairs, chairing the anniversary meeting of the Wareham Church Missionary Society in August of the same year. While he did not stand for election at Wareham again in 1830 or 1831, his brother Granby was elected a Whig MP for the seat in the later year.

paragraph: Following his father's suicide in late 1831, Calcraft returned to parliament in the same seat in 1832 as an "anti-reformer" and, becoming a Conservative in 1834, held the seat until 1841 when he was defeated. He once more returned to the seat, this time as a Whig, in 1857, and held the seat until the next general election in 1859 when he did not seek re-election.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: After leaving parliament, Calcraft became High Sheriff of Dorset from 1867 to 1868, with his eldest son John Hales Montagu serving as Liberal Liberal MP for Wareham from 1865 to 1868, and his third son, Henry George, becoming permanent secretary to the Board of Trade from 1886 to 1893.

paragraph: Calcraft died in 1880 at St George Hanover Square, London, and was noted by "The Times" as a "fine example of the country gentleman and the squire", while the writer Jane Ellen Panton in 1909 said he was "one of the most magnificient old men that I have ever seen". His estate was inherited by his eldest surviving son, William Montagu.

description: British Member of Parliament (1796-1880)

wikidata_label: John Hales Calcraft

wikipedia_title: John Hales Calcraft


text: Soviet

text: gymnast

text: 1952 Summer Olympics

text: balance beam

text: Helsinki

text: floor exercise

text: vault

text: uneven bars

text: Nina Bocharova

text: 1954 World Championships

text: Jewish

text: Israel

text: List of select Jewish gymnasts

categories: Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union,Israeli Jews,Soviet female artistic gymnasts,Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics,Ukrainian Jews,Soviet emigrants to Israel,Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union,Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships,People from Yevpatoria,Soviet Jews,Olympic gymnasts of the Soviet Union,2001 deaths,1921 births,Ukrainian female artistic gymnasts,Olympic medalists in gymnastics,Gymnasts at the 1952 Summer Olympics

image: 512px-1957._III_дружеские_игры_молодёжи._Гимнастика.jpg

paragraph: Maria Gorokhovskaya

paragraph: Maria Kondratyevna Gorokhovskaya (, ; 17 October 1921 – 22 July 2001) was a Soviet gymnast of Jewish descent. At the 1952 Summer Olympics, she won seven medals, the most medals won by any woman in a single Olympics.

paragraph: Competing for "Budivelnyk Kharkiv", Gorokhovskaya won her first USSR title on the balance beam in 1948. She came to the Helsinki Olympics as the twofold national champion. Soviet gymnastics had never competed at major international tournaments before, and it was the first Olympics in which the country participated.

paragraph: The Soviet gymnasts dominated the competition, with Gorokhovskaya leading them. In all four individual apparatus events – the balance beam, floor exercise, the vault and the uneven bars – Gorokhovskaya finished second. This performance earned her the gold medal in the all-around competition, finishing ahead of team-mate Nina Bocharova by eight tenths of a point.

paragraph: With seven of the eight Soviet gymnasts finishing in the top ten, it was clear that the team gold medal would go to them. Gorokhovskaya won her seventh medal in the now discontinued team exercise with portable apparatus, where the Soviet team finished second behind Sweden.

paragraph: Gorokhovskaya made one more international appearance as a part of the winning Soviet team at the 1954 World Championships, and retired afterwards. She then worked as a judge (international since 1964) and a lecturer.

paragraph: In 1990, Gorokhovskaya, who was Jewish, emigrated to Israel, where she worked as a gymnastics coach until her death. In 1991 she was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall Of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of multiple Olympic medalists at a single Games

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Olympic female gymnasts for the Soviet Union

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of select Jewish gymnasts

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete list of competition results at Gymn Forum

description: gymnast

wikidata_label: Maria Gorokhovskaya

wikipedia_title: Maria Gorokhovskaya


text: Miami, Florida

text: palindromes

text: blues

text: throat singing

text: Artis the Spoonman

text: Béla Fleck and the Flecktones

text: Phish

text: "The Teddy Bears' Picnic"

text: Academy Award

text: "Streetwise"

text: Peter Stampfel

text: The Big Rock Candy Mountain

text: Flying Karamazov Brothers

text: Dream A Little Dream Of Me

text: Satisfied Mind

text: Ballad Of A Thin Man

text: A Grand Ol’ Timeously With Baby Gramps

text: Phish.net – people: Baby Gramps

text: babygramps.com

text: 2003 interview with HotBands.com

text: Excerpts from "SomeDemos" 5:39

categories: American buskers,American male guitarists,Pedal steel guitarists,American blues singers,American blues guitarists,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Baby Gramps

paragraph: Baby Gramps is a guitar performer, who, though born in Miami, Florida, has been based in the Northwest U.S. for at least the last 40 years. He is famous for his palindromes. Baby Gramps started performing in 1964 and is still playing professionally as of 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Baby Gramps plays a mixture of styles and eras including traditional blues, children's and labor songs, and his own compositions. His busy and unusual guitar style includes flat and finger picking, and "chording" with the back of his hand and his elbow. His singing styles include throat singing. His performance is based in part on improvisation and he often encourages audience participation. Baby Gramps has performed as a street musician, and has toured with Artis the Spoonman, Béla Fleck and the Flecktones and Phish. His rendition of "The Teddy Bears' Picnic" was featured in Martin Bell's Academy Award-nominated documentary film, "Streetwise".

paragraph: Section::::Popularity.

paragraph: Writer Patrick Ferris said he has "a mass appeal in the sense that any audience between the age of 2 and 102 are captivated by his vaudeville antics, hilarious lyrics and animated guitar playing... His voice is a cross between Popeye the Sailor and a Didgeridoo and the plinkity plink of his VERY worn National steel guitar, sounds like a wind up jack in the box. If you listen closely and know anything about music, you'll realize Gramps is an absolutely incredible guitar player. Being a professional musician for over 40 years can't help but give you some sort of chops, but Gramps is a modern day Robert Johnson; a revolutionary guitarist that, like Thelonious Monk on piano, can play the notes 'between the cracks.'"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Same Ol' Timeously: Vocalisthenics & Stunt Guitar" (CD, Grampophone 1001), 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hossradish" CD (Baby Gramps Trio), 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baptized on Swamp Water" CD (Baby Gramps & his Back Swamp Potioners), 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (two tracks, 'Cape Cod Girls' and 'Old Man of the Sea' on compilation CD), Anti-Records, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Outertainment" CD (Baby Gramps & Peter Stampfel), Red Newt Records, 2010

paragraph: Videos:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "SomeDemos" Originally released on VHS in 1996 Re-released on DVD together with "Sauteed To A Fine Crisp" in 2006.

paragraph: Filmed on 8/26/93 when Baby Gramps opened for Phish in Portland OR.

paragraph: 1) Richland Woman Blues

paragraph: 2) Back Swamp Potioner

paragraph: 3) Let's all be fairies

paragraph: Running time: 20 min.

paragraph: Produced/Directed/Edited By Sam Small for Small Wonder Video Services.

paragraph: Baby Gramps actually shared the stage with Phish, performing the enigmatic “Tea Tray Song” with Fishman on vacuum during the second set.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sauteed To A Fine Crisp" Originally released on VHS in 1999 Re-released on DVD together with "SomeDemos" in 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Breakfast Blues

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Anagram Song

paragraph: BULLET::::3. The Shortest Poem In The World

paragraph: BULLET::::4. The Wooden Darning Egg

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Nothin' But A Nothin'

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Palindromes

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Uncontrovertable Facts

paragraph: BULLET::::8. The Big Rock Candy Mountain

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Teddybears' Picnic

paragraph: Running time: 37 min.

paragraph: This video was stitched together from three performances that were filmed at "Funhouse": A Contemporary Theatre, in conjunction with TheatreVision and ShadowCatcher Entertainment. Conceived and directed by Paul Magid and Ron W. Bailey. Stage show written by Magid; teleplay written by Magid and Alex Metcalf; musical direction by Mark Ettinger. "Funhouse" starred vaudevillians Dmitri Karamazov of the Flying Karamazov Brothers, Rebecca Chace, Cathy Sutherland and the UMO Ensemble, and featured Baby Gramps and Christian Swenson, among others. A psychedelically inspired feast was served by Chez Ray Sewal. The raw multi-camera video from three of Gramp's solo performances were given over to Sam Small of Small Wonder Video Services who edited and released 'Sauteed To A Fine Crisp'.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Shall Continuum!" Released on DVD in 2004. Produced, Directed and Edited by Sam Small for Small Wonder Video Services

paragraph: Recorded Live at Terra Blues, Greenwich Village, NYC

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Ankle Wrench Rag

paragraph: BULLET::::2. New Big Rock Candy mountain

paragraph: BULLET::::3. A Ragtime Continuum / Rags Makes Paper / Paper Makes Money / A Man Took A Ride In An Airplane

paragraph: BULLET::::4. A Ragtime Medley: Ragged But Right / Certainl Am Living' A Ragtime Life

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Charge It To The Dust & Let The Rain Settle It

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Dream A Little Dream Of Me

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Skillet Of Snakes

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Satisfied Mind

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Thought I Heard The Voice Of A Porkchop Say Come Unto Me & Rest

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Ballad Of A Thin Man (Mr. Jones)

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Possum Opera

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denise Sullivan, A Grand Ol’ Timeously With Baby Gramps, "Crawdaddy Magazine", August 13, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jonathan Zwickel, An Introduction to Baby Gramps, a musical enigma, "Seattle Times", December 24, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phish.net – people: Baby Gramps

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- babygramps.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 interview with HotBands.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Excerpts from "SomeDemos" 5:39

paragraph: BULLET::::- Excerpts from "Sauteed To A Fine Crisp" 9:00

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Baby Gramps

wikipedia_title: Baby Gramps


text:
Alberic III
Count of Tusculum
Pope Benedict IX
Cardinal Bishop of Velletri
Pope Leo IX
Pope Victor II
Pope Stephen IX
Hildebrand
Pope Gregory VII
Agnes
Henry IV
Rome
Florence
Lorraine
Tuscany
Archbishop of Florence
Siena
Nicholas II
synod
Sutri
Galeria
Norman
Richard of Aversa
Capua
Campagna
Praeneste
Numentanum
Basilica
Sant'Agnese fuori le mura
new regulations
Lateran Palace
Easter
College of Cardinals
Bishop of Ostia
Papal selection before 1059

categories: 11th-century antipopes,1000s births,Medieval Italian nobility,Burials at Sant'Agnese fuori le mura,11th-century bishops,11th-century deaths,11th-century cardinals,Italian cardinals,Year of death uncertain,Year of birth unknown,Cardinal-bishops of Velletri,Antipopes

paragraph: Antipope Benedict X

paragraph: Pope/Antipope Benedict X (died 1073/1080) was born Giovanni, a son of Guido (the youngest son of Alberic III, Count of Tusculum), a brother of the notorious Pope Benedict IX (deposed in 1048), a member of the dominant political dynasty in the region at that time. He reportedly later was given the nickname of "Mincius" (thin) due to his ignorance.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Giovanni was named Cardinal Bishop of Velletri by Pope Leo IX in 1050. He was highly esteemed, however, by those who wanted to reform the Church, and was one of five men proposed by Cardinal Frederick of Lorraine when consulted during the summer of 1057 concerning a possible successor to Pope Victor II, whom Frederick himself succeeded as Pope Stephen IX.

paragraph: Upon Pope Stephen's death the following year, Giovanni was elected pope on 4 April 1058, his election having been arranged by his family. This was in violation, however, of a decree by the late pope that no election was to be held until the return of Cardinal Hildebrand from a mission to Germany. Hildebrand (later Pope Gregory VII) had been sent by the late Pope Stephen to the court of Empress Agnes (mother and regent for Emperor Henry IV, then a minor), who had questioned the validity of Stephen's own election. As a result, a number of cardinals alleged that the election was irregular. These cardinals were soon forced to flee Rome.

paragraph: When Hildebrand heard of Benedict's election during his return journey to Rome, he decided to oppose it. He went to Florence where he obtained the support of the Duke of Lorraine and Tuscany for the election of Gerhard of Burgundy, Archbishop of Florence, as pope instead. Support for this was given by Empress Agnes. Those cardinals who had opposed Benedict's election met at Siena in December 1058, and elected Gerhard, who then took the name of Nicholas II.

paragraph: Nicholas then proceeded towards Rome, along the way holding a synod at Sutri, where he pronounced Benedict deposed and excommunicated. The supporters of Nicholas then gained control of Rome, and forced Benedict to flee to the castle of Count Gerard of Galeria. Having arrived in Rome, Nicholas was crowned as pope on 24 January 1059. He then proceeded to wage war against Benedict and his supporters, with the assistance of Norman forces based in southern Italy, after he agreed to recognize Count Richard of Aversa as ruler of Capua. An initial battle was fought in Campagna in early 1059, which was not wholly successful for Nicholas; but later that same year, his forces conquered Praeneste, Tusculum and Numentanum, and then attacked Galéria, forcing Benedict to surrender and to renounce the papacy in the Fall of that year.

paragraph: Benedict was allowed to go free, and he retired to one of his family's estates in the city. Pope Nicholas, however, deemed his submission inadequate and had him publicly tried in 1060, with Hildebrand serving as his prosecutor. Despite pleading that he had been forced to assume the papal crown, he was convicted that April and stripped of all his titles. He was further sentenced to confinement in the hospital attached to the Basilica of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura, where he died, still a prisoner, sometime between 1073 and 1080. He was likely buried in the adjoining church.

paragraph: The most important consequence of these events was the adoption of new regulations for papal elections, laid out at a synod called by Pope Nicholas in the Lateran Palace on Easter 1059. These took away the role of the Roman citizenry in the election of future popes, limiting the vote to the College of Cardinals. Additionally, the ancient title which Benedict had held of Bishop of Velletri was combined with the see of the Bishop of Ostia. (Ostia and Velletri would be separated in 1914.)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Papal selection before 1059

description: Italian anti-pope

wikidata_label: Antipope Benedict X

wikipedia_title: Antipope Benedict X