text:
Kristiani Herrawati
Indonesia
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Chief of Staff
Pramono Edhie Wibowo
Indonesian killings of 1965–66
BP-7
South Korea
Indonesian Military academy
Purworejo
Central Java
civil servants
Dutch Colonial Government
silat
Japanese Army
Allied
Pacific
Asia
Surabaya
PETA
Indonesian Declaration of Independence
BKR
TNI
Ahmad Yani
Magelang
Central Java
Diponegoro Division
National Military Academy
Kopassus
30 September Movement
Indonesian Air Force
RRI
Kostrad
Suharto
Cakrabirawa
Halim Air Base
Bogor
Sukarno
Communist Party of Indonesia
People's Representative Council
KAMI
Bandung
Kemal Idris
Revised Dwikora Cabinet
Supersemar
Kodam II/Bukit Barisan
Indonesian National Party
Kemal Idris
Kodam VI/Siliwangi
Hartono Rekso Dharsono
Act of Free Choice
Papuan
Ali Murtopo
South Korea
Pancasila
People's Representative Council
Sudharmono
Purworejo
Central Java
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Kristiani "Ani" Herawati
Taekwondo
Sarwo Edhie Wibowo profile

categories: Indonesian generals,People from Central Java,Members of Pembela Tanah Air,Members of the People's Representative Council, 1987,1927 births,Javanese people,1989 deaths

paragraph: Sarwo Edhie Wibowo

paragraph: Sarwo Edhie Wibowo (25 July 1925 – 9 November 1989) was an Indonesian military leader and the father of Kristiani Herrawati, the former first lady of Indonesia and the wife of president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and also the father of Chief of Staff Pramono Edhie Wibowo. As an army colonel he played a role in directing troops during the Indonesian killings of 1965–66, in which more than a million Indonesian civilians died. Later, he served as Chairman of the BP-7 center, as Indonesia's ambassador for South Korea and as governor of the Indonesian Military academy.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sarwo Edhie was born in Purworejo, Central Java to a family of civil servants working for the Dutch Colonial Government. As a child, he learned silat as a form of self-defense. As he grew up, Sarwo Edhie formed an admiration for the Japanese Army and their victories against the Allied Forces stationed in the Pacific and Asia.

paragraph: In 1942, when the Japanese took control of Indonesia, Sarwo Edhie went to Surabaya to enlist with the Defenders of the Motherland Army (PETA), which was a Japanese-run auxiliary force consisting of Indonesian soldiers.

paragraph: After the Indonesian Declaration of Independence on 17 August 1945, Sarwo Edhie joined the BKR, a militia organization who would become the precursor of TNI (the present Indonesian Army) and formed a battalion. However, the venture failed and the battalion disbanded. It was his hometown compatriot, Ahmad Yani who encouraged him to continue being a soldier and invited him to join a battalion at Magelang in Central Java.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Career up to 1965.

paragraph: Sarwo Edhie's career in the military saw him serve as battalion commander in the Diponegoro Division (1945–1951), then regimental commander (1951–1953), deputy regimental commander of the National Military Academy (1959–1961), chief of staff of the army Paracommando Regiment (RPKAD) (1962–1964), and commander of RPKAD (1964–1967).

paragraph: The RPKAD was the Indonesian government's attempt at creating a special forces unit (it would go on to become Kopassus) and Sarwo Edhie's appointment as the elite unit's commander was thanks in no small part to Yani. By 1964, Yani had risen to become the army commander and wanted someone who he could trust as commander of RPKAD.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Putting Down The G30S Movement.

paragraph: It was during Sarwo Edhie's time as RPKAD Commander that the 30 September Movement happened.

paragraph: During the morning of 1 October 1965, six Army generals, including Ahmad Yani were kidnapped from their houses and taken to the Indonesian Air Force's Halim Airbase. Whilst this kidnapping process was being executed, a group of unidentified troops occupied the National Monument (Monas), the Presidential Palace, the Republic of Indonesia Radio (RRI), and the telecommunications building.

paragraph: Sarwo Edhie and his RPKAD troops were at the RPKAD headquarters at Cijantung in Jakarta, where they were joined by Colonel Herman Sarens Sudiro. Sudiro announced that he was bringing message from the Kostrad headquarters and informed Sarwo Edhie of the situation in Jakarta. Sarwo Edhie was also informed by Sudiro that Major General Suharto, the Commander of Kostrad had for the moment assumed leadership of the Army. Sarwo Edhie sent Sudiro back with the message that he will side with Suharto.

paragraph: Once Sudiro left, Sarwo Edhie was visited by Brigadier General Sabur, the Commander of the Cakrabirawa (Presidential Guard), of which G30S member Lieutenant Colonel Untung belonged to. Sabur asked Sarwo Edhie to join the G30S Movement. Sarwo Edhie told Sabur that he was in the side of Suharto, no matter what the cost, and opposed the offer.

paragraph: At 11 AM that day, Sarwo Edhie arrived at the Kostrad headquarters and received orders to retake the RRI and Telecommunication buildings at 6 PM (The deadline by which the unidentified troops were expected to surrender). When 6 PM arrived, Sarwo Edhie ordered his troops to retake the designated buildings. This was achieved without much resistance, as the troops there retreated to Halim and the buildings were taken by 6.30 PM.

paragraph: With the situation at Jakarta secured, Suharto turned his eyes to Halim Air Base. The air base was the place which the kidnapped Generals were taken to and the headquarters of the Air Force unit which had thrown its support behind the G30S Movement. Suharto then ordered Sarwo Edhie to retake the air base. Starting their attack at 2 AM on 2 October, Sarwo Edhie and the RPKAD had the air base taken by 6 AM.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Transition from Old Order to New Order.

paragraph: After taking Halim Air Base, Sarwo Edhie joined Suharto as both of them were summoned to Bogor by President Sukarno. While Suharto found himself admonished by Sukarno for ignoring his orders, Sarwo Edhie found himself shocked by Sukarno's insensitivity to the death of the six Generals. To his question of "Where are the Generals?", Sukarno responded "Aren't these things a normality in a revolution?".

paragraph: On 4 October 1965, Sarwo Edhie's troops would preside over the exhumation of the dead bodies of the Generals from the Lubang Buaya well.

paragraph: On 16 October 1965, Suharto was appointed Commander of the Army by Sukarno. By then, the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) had been accused as the culprits of the G30S and anti-Communist sentiments had built up sufficiently to gain momentum. Sarwo Edhie was given the task of eliminating PKI members in the Communist hotbeds in Central Java.

paragraph: There were numerous estimates as to the number of people killed during these months. Early estimates number between half a million at the very least and a million at the most. In December 1965, the number given to Sukarno was 78,000 although after he fell, it was revised to 780,000. The 78,000 was a ploy to hide the number of people killed from Sukarno. Speculations continued throughout the years, ranging from 60,000 to 1,000,000. Although the consensus seemed to have settled around 400,000. Finally, in 1989, before his death, Sarwo Edhie admitted to People's Representative Council (DPR) member that 3 million were killed in the bloodbath.

paragraph: By the beginning of 1966, anti-Communist sentiments combined with the high rate of inflation caused Sukarno to begin losing his popularity in the eyes of the Indonesian people. There were now anti-Sukarno protests, led by youth movements such as the Indonesian Student Action Front (KAMI). In a Bandung rally held on 10 January 1966, KAMI issued to Sukarno and the PPCA its "Three Demands of the People". They wanted the PKI to be banned, for PKI sympathizers within the Cabinet to be arrested, and for the prices to be lowered.

paragraph: Suharto realized the importance in aligning the Army with the protesters. During the first months of 1966, Sarwo Edhie together with Kostrad Chief of Staff, Kemal Idris actively organized and supported the protests whilst making a name for themselves among the KAMI protesters in the process. On 26 February 1966, KAMI was officially banned by Sukarno but with the encouragement of Sarwo Edhie and Kemal continued to protest. In a show of solidarity with the students, Sarwo Edhie enlisted at the University of Indonesia.

paragraph: Although he was growing to be Sukarno's biggest political opponent, Suharto, a strong Javanese traditionalist, was always careful to avoid challenging Sukarno directly. By March 1966 however, he was ready to force Sukarno's hand. At the beginning of the month, he ordered the RPKAD to arrest PKI sympathizers within Sukarno's Revised Dwikora Cabinet. Suharto changed his mind at the very last minute, thinking that Sukarno's security might be compromised. However, it was too late to withdraw the orders.

paragraph: On the morning of 11 March 1966, during a Cabinet meeting in which Suharto was absent, Sarwo Edhie and his troops surrounded the Presidential Palace without any identification. Sukarno, fearing for his life evacuated to Bogor. Later in the day he would transfer executive powers to Suharto through a letter called Supersemar.

paragraph: In 1967, Sarwo Edhie was transferred to Sumatra and was made Commander of Kodam II/Bukit Barisan, ending his years as Commander of the RPKAD. In Sumatra, Sarwo Edhie further weakened Sukarno's powers by banning his Indonesian National Party (PNI) throughout the island.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:New Order radical.

paragraph: Sarwo Edhie's support was firmly with Suharto as the latter began making the moves to ascend to the Presidency. Factionally speaking however, Sarwo Edhie belonged to a faction dubbed by scholars as "New Order Radicals". Together with Kemal Idris and Kodam VI/Siliwangi Commander Hartono Rekso Dharsono, Sarwo Edhie wanted political parties to be dismantled and replaced with non-ideological groups which emphasized development and modernization.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:"Act of Free Choice".

paragraph: For this, Sarwo Edhie was transferred to West Irian to become the Commander of KODAM XVII/Cendrawasih. In the lead up to the "Act of Free Choice", through which Indonesia annexed the territory without holding a full referendum, Sarwo Edhie played a leading role in defeating Papuan resistance

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Exclusion from Government and remaining career.

paragraph: Like many who had supported Suharto to power, Sarwo Edhie grew increasingly dissatisfied with the new President. As the years went on, Suharto began to exclude supporters like Sarwo Edhie from the running of Indonesia, preferring instead to take the advice of colleagues who had gone up the ranks with him such as Ali Murtopo. Being a New Order radical also did not help Sarwo Edhie's case and like Kemal and Dharsono, Suharto grew suspicious of him.

paragraph: The final straw came in 1970, when Sarwo Edhie made allegations of Government corruption in 1970. From that point on, Sarwo Edhie was given positions that still held stature but kept him away from the politics of the Central Government in Jakarta. Sarwo Edhie then served as ABRI Academy (AKABRI) Governor (1970–1973), Indonesian Ambassador to South Korea (1973–1978), and Inspector General of the Department of Foreign Affairs (1978–1983).

paragraph: When Suharto established Pancasila as the National Ideology in 1984, Sarwo Edhie was put in charge of the indoctrination process by being appointed Chairman of the Supervisory Body for Implementation of Guidance for Comprehension and Practice of Pancasila (BP-7) He was elected to the People's Representative Council (DPR) in 1987 and resigned his position in 1988 in protest of Sudharmono's nomination to the Vice Presidency.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Sarwo Edhie died on 9 November 1989 of natural causes. He was buried in his native region Ngupasan, Pangenjurutengah in Purworejo, Central Java. In 2015, he was declared a "national hero" by Indonesia's national government. The announcement was controversial with the Indonesian public given Sarwo's role in the 1965 coup.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Sarwo Edhie was married to Sunarti Sri Hadiyah, with whom he had seven children. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is his son-in-law; Yudhoyono was married to Sarwo Edhie's daughter Kristiani "Ani" Herawati until her death in June 2019.

paragraph: Sarwo Edhie was the Chairman of Taekwondo Indonesia.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarwo Edhie Wibowo profile

description: Indonesian general

wikidata_label: Sarwo Edhie Wibowo

wikipedia_title: Sarwo Edhie Wibowo


text: Turkish

text: mountaineer

text: Ankara

text: Saint Joseph High School

text: Mechanical Engineering

text: Istanbul Technical University

text: Uğur

text: rowing

text: middle

text: long distance runner

text: scuba diver

text: cyclist

text: Ahmet Köksal

text: Marmara University

text: Communist Party of Turkey

text: Alarcha Mountain

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: Haldun Ülkenli

text: Alper Işın Duran

text: Ali Kepenek

text: Mount Ararat

text: Mount Elbrus

text: Caucassus

text: Peak Vorobiyov

text: Peak Chetyriokh

text: Peak Korzhenevskaya

text: Peak Communism

text: Pamir Mountains

text: Razdelnaya

text: Khan Tengri

text: Lenin Peak

text: Shisha Pangma

text: People's Republic of China

text: Cho Oyu

text: Nepal

text: Annapurna

text: Biography in Turkish

categories: Mountaineering deaths,Turkish atheism activists,Turkish former Muslims,2003 deaths,Sport deaths in Kyrgyzstan,Turkish atheists,Turkish male rowers,Istanbul Technical University alumni,Turkish mountain climbers,Turkish communists,1962 births,Turkish photographers

paragraph: Uğur Uluocak

paragraph: Yaşar Uğur Uluocak (1962 – 2 July 2003) was a Turkish outdoorsman, mountaineer, photographer, and editor.

paragraph: Born in 1962 in Ankara, Turkey, Uğur attended Saint Joseph High School in Istanbul, and graduated in Mechanical Engineering from Istanbul Technical University.

paragraph: Uğur started mountain climbing in 1984 with the mountaineering club at Istanbul Technical University . Uğur was a complete sportsman. He competed four years in rowing, ranking in first place. He was a middle and long distance runner for eight years, and a scuba diver and cyclist for the last two years. As a globally known mountaineer, he trained many young sportsmen both in theoretical and practical ways.

paragraph: From 1999 on, Uğur worked as a photographer, expedition coordinator and editor for the Turkish nature and outdoor sports magazine ""Atlas"". He not only wrote about his mountaineering adventures but also on mountaineering ethics and history with his friend Ahmet Köksal.

paragraph: Uğur was an influential figure in the Turkish mountaineering community, with a very strong and dedicated personality and an extremely high intellectual capacity. He was fluent in five languages.

paragraph: Professionally, he was a lecturer at the Marmara University in Istanbul and was also an active member of the Communist Party of Turkey for over 20 years.

paragraph: Uğur Uluocak died on 2 July 2003 while on a descent in the Alarcha Mountain in Kyrgyzstan when a rock broke off and he took a 4200m fall. His body was recovered by his teammates Haldun Ülkenli and Alper Işın Duran and brought to his homeland for burial. Uğur is the second Turkish mountaineer after Ali Kepenek to have died in a foreign country while climbing a mountain.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Direktaş, north face (solo, in 2 hours) and northeast dihedral, Ala Mountains (Turkey)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mt. Büyük Demirkazık, west face (solo) and north face, Ala Mountains (Turkey)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mt. Küçük Demirkazık, south face (first ascent), Ala Mountains (Turkey)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Çağalın Başı, northwest face (first ascent), Ala Mountains (Turkey)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ağrı (Mount Ararat) (5,137 m), north glacier in summer and winter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mount Elbrus (5,642 m) in Caucassus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peak Vorobiyov (5,685 m), Peak Chetyriokh (Peak of Fours) (6,299 m), Peak Korzhenevskaya (7,105 m), Peak Communism (7,495 m) in Pamir Mountains

paragraph: BULLET::::- Razdelnaya (6,248 m), Khan Tengri (7,010 m), Lenin Peak (7,134 m) in Kyrgyzstan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- K-2 (8,611 m), two attempts in 1998 and 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 Shisha Pangma (8,013 m) in People's Republic of China

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 Cho Oyu (8,201 m) in Nepal, alpine solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 Annapurna attempt

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 Mt. Reşko (4,135 m), northwest/north face, Cilo Mountains (Turkey)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography in Turkish

paragraph: BULLET::::- News about his last ascent in the newspaper "Sabah" in Turkish

paragraph: BULLET::::- News about his last ascent in the newspaper "Radikal" in Turkish

description: Turkish outdoorsman

wikidata_label: Uğur Uluocak

wikipedia_title: Uğur Uluocak


text:
professional baseball
Major League Baseball
Chicago White Sox
Boston Red Sox
outfielder
Kansas City Royals
New York Yankees
pitcher
University of Arizona
Canyon del Oro High School
Oro Valley, Arizona
second baseman
Ian Kinsler
Texas Rangers
Scott Hairston
Chris
Shelley Duncan
Baseball America
Chicago White Sox
2003 Major League Baseball Draft
Aaron Rowand
Philadelphia Phillies
Jim Thome
Chicago Cubs
John Mabry
Darin Erstad
Charlotte Knights
DeWayne Wise
Boston Red Sox
Mark Kotsay
Kansas City Royals
Arizona Royals
Burlington Bees
Omaha Royals
New York Yankees
Trenton Thunder
earned run average

categories: Trenton Thunder players,Burlington Bees players,Tiburones de La Guaira players,Somerset Patriots players,1982 births,Chicago White Sox players,Omaha Royals players,Arizona Wildcats baseball players,Birmingham Barons players,Arizona League Royals players,Pawtucket Red Sox players,Boston Red Sox players,Charlotte Knights players,Baseball players from Arizona,Sportspeople from Tucson, Arizona,Mesa Solar Sox players,Living people,Leones de Ponce players,Major League Baseball center fielders,Great Falls White Sox players

paragraph: Brian Anderson (outfielder)

paragraph: Brian Nikola Anderson (born March 11, 1982) is an American former professional baseball player. He played all or part of five seasons in Major League Baseball with the Chicago White Sox and Boston Red Sox as an outfielder, a position he played professionally until before the 2010 season. He also played for the Kansas City Royals and New York Yankees organizations as a pitcher.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Anderson is a graduate of the University of Arizona and Canyon del Oro High School in Oro Valley, Arizona, a suburb of Tucson. All-Star second baseman Ian Kinsler of the Texas Rangers was his best friend and teammate in high school, where they played with Scott Hairston and the brothers Chris and Shelley Duncan.

paragraph: Anderson was named the top pro prospect in Arizona and ranked 27th in the nation by Baseball America. He was named to the Baseball America and USA Today Second-Team All-America team as a junior.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Chicago White Sox.

paragraph: Anderson was drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the first round (15th overall) of the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft. He made his major league debut on August 16, 2005, and appeared in 13 games for the White Sox. That offseason, Chicago traded Aaron Rowand to the Philadelphia Phillies in a deal that brought Jim Thome to Chicago, clearing the way for Anderson to become the starting center fielder. In 2006, Anderson showed himself to be a gifted defensive outfielder, though he struggled offensively, finishing with a .225 batting average despite signs of improvement in the second half of the season and some corrections in his swing mechanics. Anderson did not commit an error at the Major League level until August 18, 2006 against the Minnesota Twins, ending his streak of 110 errorless games. On May 20, 2006, Brian was ejected from an interleague game against the Chicago Cubs for fighting with Cubs first baseman John Mabry. Anderson was fined and served a five-game suspension.

paragraph: Anderson lost his starting job to Darin Erstad in 2007, and after only 17 at-bats was sent down to the White Sox' AAA affiliate, the Charlotte Knights. At Charlotte, Anderson hit for a .255 average before his season ended with an injury, a disappointment in contrast to his 2005 season in which he hit .295. He eventually earned a spot back on the major-league roster in 2008 as a backup outfielder after a superb spring training changed the organization's negative perceptions of his effort.

paragraph: Anderson again made the major-league roster in 2009 as a backup outfielder, with DeWayne Wise starting in center field. However, Anderson retrieved the starting job after Wise was injured in April.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Boston Red Sox.

paragraph: On July 28, 2009, Anderson was traded to the Boston Red Sox for Mark Kotsay and cash considerations. He was non-tendered after the season.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Transition to pitching.:Kansas City Royals.

paragraph: On December 23, 2009, Anderson signed a 1-year, $750,000 contract with the Kansas City Royals. After spring training, Anderson informed the Royals that he wanted to become a pitcher. The Royals allowed Anderson to become a pitcher in the low minors. Anderson began the 2010 season with the Rookie-level Arizona Royals and was later promoted to the Burlington Bees, followed by the Omaha Royals.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Transition to pitching.:New York Yankees.

paragraph: Anderson signed a minor league contract with an invitation to 2011 spring training with the New York Yankees. He started off the season with the Double-A Trenton Thunder, recording one win, three holds, and a 1.17 earned run average (ERA) in seven appearances. He was placed on the disabled list on May 4, and was later released by the Yankees on May 27.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Transition to pitching.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: On February 26, 2012, Anderson signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers with an invitation to spring training. On March 31, he was released.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Transition to pitching.:Colorado Rockies.

paragraph: On April 7, 2012, Anderson signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies. He was released 8 days later.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Transition to pitching.:Return to Chicago White Sox.

paragraph: On January 15, 2015, Anderson attempted a comeback as a position player and signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox. He was released on April 2.

description: American baseball player (1982-)

wikidata_label: Brian Anderson

wikipedia_title: Brian Anderson (outfielder)


text:
professional baseball
center fielder
Major League Baseball
St. Louis Browns
Washington Senators
Pittsburgh Pirates
Belvidere, Illinois
batting average
home run
RBI
games played
runs
American League
World Series
New York Giants
managed
coached
minor leagues
scout
Reds
White Sox
Indians
Braves
putout
strikeout-to-walk ratio
Baseball Library
The Deadball Era
Vintage Card Traders
The Baseball Cube
Baseball-Reference

categories: 1901 births,People from Belvidere, Illinois,St. Louis Browns players,Major League Baseball center fielders,Chicago White Sox scouts,Baseball players from Illinois,Minor league baseball managers,Cincinnati Reds scouts,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Milwaukee Braves scouts,Cleveland Indians scouts,1983 deaths,Washington Senators (1901–60) players

paragraph: Fred Schulte

paragraph: Fred William "Fritz" Schulte (January 13, 1901 – May 20, 1983) was a professional baseball center fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators and the Pittsburgh Pirates. Schulte batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Belvidere, Illinois.

paragraph: Over eleven seasons, Schulte posted a .291 batting average (1241-for-4259) with 47 home runs and 593 RBI in 1179 games played.

paragraph: Schulte joined the St. Louis Browns in 1927 and hit .317 in 60 games before an injury sidelined him for the rest of the season. He hit .307 in 1919, and .304 in 1931, before being traded by St. Louis to the Washington Senators late in 1932.

paragraph: In 1933, Schulte hit .295 and scored 96 runs for the American League champion Senators, then led the team with a .333 average and four RBI in the World Series, which the New York Giants won in five games.

paragraph: The Pittsburgh Pirates acquired Schulte off waivers before the 1936 season, and he played sparingly for them until 1937. After being released by Pittsburgh, he managed and coached in the minor leagues until 1946. He also served as a scout for the Reds, White Sox, Indians, and Braves between 1947 and 1964.

paragraph: Schulte died in his hometown of Belvidere, Illinois, at age 82.

paragraph: Section::::Highlights.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Twice scored 100 or more runs (100 in 1931, 106 in 1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led American League outfielders in putouts (433, in 1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collected a lifetime strikeout-to-walk ratio of 1.28 (462-to-361)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Deadball Era

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vintage Card Traders

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Baseball Cube

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball-Reference

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Fred Schulte

wikipedia_title: Fred Schulte


text:
Austrian
jazz
composer
trumpet
flugelhorn
avant-garde jazz
third stream
Lee Konitz
Paul Bley
Bill Dixon
Georg Gräwe
Andrea Centazzo
Theo Jörgensmann
Wolfgang Reisinger
Enrico Rava
Yitzhak Yedid
Ran Blake
John Lindberg
Romania
Sibiu
27th symphony
Emil Cioran
L'Heure Bleue
Nocturnal Walks
Steve Lacy
Itinerary
Paul Bley
12 (+6) In a Row
Annette
Lee Konitz
We Thought About Duke

categories: 21st-century trumpeters,Third stream trumpeters,Austrian jazz trumpeters,1947 births,Male trumpeters,Avant-garde jazz trumpeters,Male jazz composers,Austrian jazz composers,Living people

paragraph: Franz Koglmann

paragraph: Franz Koglmann (born 1947) is an Austrian jazz composer. He performs on both the trumpet and flugelhorn in a variety of contexts, most often within avant-garde jazz and third stream contexts. An award-winning composer, Koglmann has performed or recorded with a variety of musicians, including Lee Konitz, Paul Bley, Bill Dixon, Georg Gräwe, Andrea Centazzo, Theo Jörgensmann, Wolfgang Reisinger, Enrico Rava, Yitzhak Yedid, Ran Blake, John Lindberg and many others. When the Romanian town of Sibiu commissioned Koglmann to write a piece, he brought together bits from Haydn's 27th symphony with a tape recording of Sibiu native Emil Cioran philosophisizing. In 2003 he received the highest Austrian jazz award, the Hans Koller Prize, in the category "album of the year".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As leader.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Heure Bleue" (hatART, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Koglmann (2007) Nocturnal Walks

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As collaborator.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steve Lacy: "Itinerary" (hat ART, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Bley: "12 (+6) In a Row" (HatART, 1990, [1995])

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Bley: "Annette" (HatART, 1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lee Konitz: "We Thought About Duke" (HatART, 1994)

description: Austrian jazz trumpeter and composer

wikidata_label: Franz Koglmann

wikipedia_title: Franz Koglmann


text:
American football
guard
college football
Northern Iowa
Washington Redskins
2008 NFL Draft
New York Jets
Buffalo Bills
San Diego Chargers
high school football
Boone High School
Boone, Iowa
cello
college football
Northern Iowa
Washington Redskins
2008 NFL Draft
fibula
Anthony Spencer
Dallas Cowboys
New York Jets
practice squad
wide receiver
Patrick Turner
Buffalo Bills
practice squad
Kraig Urbik
guard
San Diego Chargers
arrest
Cedar Falls, Iowa
Buffalo Bills bio
San Diego Chargers bio

categories: Players of American football from Iowa,Washington Redskins players,Living people,1985 births,People from Boone, Iowa,New York Jets players,Northern Iowa Panthers football players,Buffalo Bills players,American football offensive guards,American football offensive tackles

paragraph: Chad Rinehart

paragraph: Chad Rinehart (born May 4, 1985) is a former American football guard. He played college football at Northern Iowa, and was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the third round with the 96th overall pick in the 2008 NFL Draft. Rinehart has been a member of the New York Jets, Buffalo Bills and San Diego Chargers.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Rinehart played high school football at Boone High School in Boone, Iowa, where he also played the cello in the school orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Rinehart played college football at Northern Iowa.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.

paragraph: The Washington Redskins drafted Rinehart in the third round, 96th overall, of the 2008 NFL Draft. Rinehart signed a four-year contract with the team on July 10, 2008.

paragraph: He suffered a broken fibula after being rolled up on by Anthony Spencer against the Dallas Cowboys on November 22, 2009. Rinehart returned from the injury and began to improve however the Redskins decided to part ways with the veteran on September 4, 2010, during the final round of roster cuts prior to the start of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Jets.

paragraph: On September 29, 2010, the New York Jets signed Rinehart to their practice squad following the promotion of wide receiver Patrick Turner. Rinehart was released from New York's practice squad on October 13, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: On October 18, 2010, the Buffalo Bills signed Rinehart to their practice squad. Rinehart was promoted to the active roster on December 7, 2010 after Kraig Urbik suffered a season-ending knee injury.

paragraph: Rinehart played at guard in 2011 and also filled in at center. He was tendered in April 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Diego Chargers.

paragraph: On March 13, 2013, Rinehart signed with the San Diego Chargers. The Chargers re-signed him to a two-year, $6 million contract on March 10, 2014. On March 10, 2015, Rinehart was released.

paragraph: Section::::Arrest.

paragraph: On January 20, 2010 at 2:00 A.M., Rinehart was arrested on public intoxication charges in Cedar Falls, Iowa after he pulled on a locked door at Mojo's Pizza House, thus triggering an alarm, and refused to take a breath test. Rinehart was later released from jail via court order. Rinehart was found guilty of the charge in June 2010 and was ordered to pay a $195 fine.

paragraph: Section::::Current Employment.

paragraph: Rinehart now works at Waverly-Shell Rock High School in Waverly, Iowa as a strength and conditioning coach.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buffalo Bills bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Diego Chargers bio

description: American Football player, offensive guard

wikidata_label: Chad Rinehart

wikipedia_title: Chad Rinehart


text:
Count of Bar
Theobald I
Barons' Crusade
Theobald I of Navarre
Ayyubid
Gaza
Philippa de Dreux
Robert II of Dreux
Margaret of Bar
Henry V of Luxembourg
Thiébaut II of Bar
Louis V, Count of Chiny
Umm al-Naser Mosque

categories: Christians of the Barons' Crusade,1239 deaths,Counts of Bar,House of Montbelliard,1190 births

paragraph: Henry II, Count of Bar

paragraph: Henry II of Bar in French "Henri II de Bar", in German "Heinrich II von Bar" (1190–13 November 1239) was a Count of Bar who reigned from 1214 to 1239. He was son of Count Theobald I of Bar and his first wife, Ermesinde of Bar-sur-Seine. Henry was killed on 13 November 1239 during the Barons' Crusade, when he diverted several hundred crusaders from the main army under Theobald I of Navarre to fight a force of Ayyubid Muslims at Gaza.

paragraph: Section::::Spouse and children.

paragraph: In 1219 he married Philippa de Dreux (1192–1242), the daughter of Robert II of Dreux.

paragraph: Section::::Spouse and children.:Children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret of Bar (1220–1275), in 1240 she married Henry V of Luxembourg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thiébaut II of Bar (c. 1221–1291), Succeeded his father as Count of Bar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry, 1249

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne (1225–1299), married first Frédéric de Blamont who died in 1255, and second Louis V, Count of Chiny

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renaud (died 1271)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erard (died 1335)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabelle (died 1320)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Umm al-Naser Mosque

alias:
Henry II of Bar
Heinrich von Bar

description: Count of Bar from 1214

wikidata_label: Henry II, Count of Bar

wikipedia_title: Henry II, Count of Bar


text:
Simhavarman III
Pallava
India
Kanchipuram
Mattavilasa Prahasana
Mahendravarman I
Hero stone
Narasimhavarman II
Deccan
Cholas
Pandyas
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Ceylon
Cheras
Kerala
Chalukyas
Karnataka
Kalabhras
Kaveri
Sanskrit
Bharavi
Siva
Arjuna
koodiyattam
mukti
Periyapuranam
Chidambaram
Udayendiram copper plates
Nandivarman II
Vishnu
Jaina
Saivism
Adivaraha Mandap
Mahabalipuram
Tamil Nadu
Mahendravarman I
Simhavishnu portrait

paragraph: Simhavishnu

paragraph: Simhavishnu, also known as Avanisimha, son of Simhavarman III and one of the Pallava kings of India, was responsible for the revival of the Pallavan dynasty. He was the first Pallava monarch whose domain extended beyond Kanchipuram (Kanchi) in the South. He was portrayed as a great conqueror in "Mattavilasa Prahasana" (drunken revelry), a drama written by his son Mahendravarman I.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Hero stones of the reigns of Simhavishnu and his father Simhavarman show his highest regnal year to be the thirty-third, and on this basis he ruled for over 33 years. Sen states he ruled from 575-600 AD, and conquered Chola. However, there is no exact consensus as to Simhavishnu's period on the throne. Recent epigraphical evidence supports the period of 537–570 CE, whereas older generation historians like T.V. Mahalingam claimed it to be 575–615 CE. KAN Sastri tentatively places Simhavishnu's reign between 555–590 CE.

paragraph: Section::::Expansion of kingdom.

paragraph: When Simhavishnu ascended the throne, the Pallava dynasty was beginning to reassert its supremacy. His father Simhavarman was an accomplished militarist who according to a grant by Rajasimha Pallava (Narasimhavarman II) in the 8th century AD, had destroyed the town and army of Ranarasika, a Chalukyan king of the Deccan.

paragraph: The southern peninsula of India was then ruled by five dynasties. The Pallavas, the Cholas and the Pandyas shared the power in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, parts of southern and eastern Karnataka border and Ceylon; the Cheras controlled Kerala and the Chalukyas controlled Karnataka. Simhavishnu, who was known for his gallant martial courage and judicial wisdom from a young age, overthrew the Kalabhras and conquered the region up to Kaveri, where he came into conflict with the Pandyas and Ceylon. He dispatched a naval expedition and occupied Malaya and Sri Lanka and established Kanchipuram as his capital. The presence of the Pallavas, much before further naval expeditions to Indo-China by their illustrious succeeding and contemporary empires such as the Pandiyans and the Cholas, is attested by the existence of specimen of art bearing striking resemblance in countries like Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, as well as scores of inscriptions in those lands in the Grantha script (a script in which both Tamil and Sanskrit can be written) in which the Pallavas were the first to specialize.

paragraph: Simhavishnu led the revival of the Pallavas, and the period starting with him came to be known as the Greater Pallavas or Later Pallavas dynasty. The great struggle between the Pallavas and the Chalukyas, which would last for more than two centuries, began during the reign of Simhavishnu.

paragraph: Section::::Contribution to literature.

paragraph: Simhavishnu is known to have been the patron of the Sanskrit poet Bharavi, who wrote of the duel between Siva and Arjuna known as Kirata Arjuneeya, after which Lord Shiva blessed Arjuna with the divine 'Pasupata' missile. The structure of Bharavi's play suggests that it was written for "koodiyattam" plays for worship in temples during festivals. Kirata Arjuneeya is used as a subject for "koodiyattam" performances even today.

paragraph: Section::::Religious affiliation.

paragraph: As with most Indian monarchs, Simhavishnu also accepted his servility to the Almighty. Great endowments were given to temples across the Tamil region. His father Simhavarma also may have entered the Tamil pantheon of Saivite saints who had gained "mukti" at the feet of the lord.

paragraph: "Periyapuranam" mentions a Pallava ruler, Aiyatikal Kaadavarkon, who at Chidambaram composed hymns in praise of the Lord in "venpaa" metre of Tamil and attained "mukti". There is evidence that this could have been Simhavarman, as it is said that he had first gilded the temple with gold after bathing in the temple tank cured him of illness.

paragraph: In the Udayendiram copper plates of Nandivarman II, Simhavishnu was a devotee of Vishnu. This is a noteworthy point as his son Mahendravarman I was a Jaina who opposed all the Saivaite practices before being converted to Saivism. Simhavishnu's portrait can be seen in the stone engraving at the Adivaraha Mandap, an elegant shrine at Mahabalipuram. The monuments and temples in Mahabalipuram are achievements of the Pallava dynasty, and they still exist in Tamil Nadu. Simhavishnu was succeeded by his son Mahendravarman I.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahendravarman I Pallava: Artist and Patron of Mamallapuram by Marilyn Hirsh, Artibus Asiae, Vol. 48, No. 1/2. (1987), pp. 113

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simhavishnu portrait

wikidata_label: Simhavishnu

wikipedia_title: Simhavishnu


text:
Mongolian
temple name
Chinese
Khayishan
Yuan dynasty
Emperor of China
Great Khan
Mongol Empire
Mongols
division of the empire
Khayishan
Mongol
Ayurbarwada
Khunggirad
Temüder
Shidebala
Yunnan
Esen Bukha
Chagatai Khanate
Central Asia
Shaanxi
Chagatayid Khan
Qarluq
Yesün Temür Khan
Altai Mountains
War of the Two Capitals
Shangdu
Ragibagh
Dadu
Tugh Temür
Dawlat Shah
Qipchaq
El Temür
Merkit
Bayan
Henan
Gobi Desert
Eljigidey
Duwa Temür
Mongolia
Khangai Mountains
Karakorum
Yuan shi
Chagatai Khanate
Qarluq
Genghis Khan
Babusha
Naiman
Toghon Temür
Külüg
Toghon Temür
Babusha
Rinchinbal
List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty
List of Mongol rulers
List of rulers of China

categories: 14th-century Chinese monarchs,Yuan dynasty emperors,14th-century Mongol rulers,1329 deaths,Great Khans of the Mongol Empire,1300 births

paragraph: Khutughtu Khan Kusala

paragraph: Khutughtu Khan (Mongolian: Хутагт хаан, "Hutagt haan", Qutuγtu qaγan), born Kuśala (Mongolian: Хүслэн Höslen), also known by the temple name Mingzong (Emperor Mingzong of Yuan, Chinese: 元明宗, December 22, 1300 – August 30, 1329), was a son of Khayishan who seized the throne of the Yuan dynasty in 1329, but died soon after. Apart from Emperor of China, he is considered as the 13th Great Khan of the Mongol Empire or Mongols, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and exile.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Khayishan (Külüg Khan or Emperor Wuzong) and a Mongol-Ikhires woman. Since the Khayishan administration was founded on the unstable balance between Khayishan, his younger brother Ayurbarwada and their mother Dagi of the Khunggirad clan, Khayishan appointed Ayurbarwada as Crown Prince on the condition that he would pass the status to Kuśala after succession.

paragraph: However, after Khayishan's death Ayurbarwada succeeded to the throne in 1311. In 1320, Dagi, Temüder and other members of the Khunggirad faction installed Ayurbarwada's son Shidebala as the new ruler instead of Kuśala, because his mother came from the Ikhires clan, not the Khunggirad clan.

paragraph: To ensure Shidebala's succession, Kuśala was rewarded with the title of king of Chou and relegated to Yunnan in 1316; but fled to Esen Bukha-ruled Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, as a pro-Khayishan official advised, after a failed revolt in Shaanxi. When the Chagatayid Khan Esen bukha heard that Kuśala was living near his realm, he came to greet him. After that, Kusala was backed by the Chagatayid princes. While in exile in Central Asia, he married Mailaiti, a daughter of Temuder of the Qarluq.

paragraph: Section::::Brief accession and sudden death.

paragraph: Although the rival faction was purged by Yesün Temür Khan (Emperor Taiding) when Shidibala Khan (Emperor Yingzong) was assassinated, he remained in Central Asia. He extended his influence in his stronghold, which was located to the west of Altai Mountains.

paragraph: In 1328, when Yesün Temür Khan died, a civil war known as the War of the Two Capitals erupted between Shangdu-based Ragibagh and Dadu-based Tugh Temür. The former was a son of Yesün Temür and was backed up the former Yesün Temür administration led by Dawlat Shah, and the latter was Kuśala's younger brother who was supported by the former Khayishan faction led by the Qipchaq commander El Temür and the Merkit commander Bayan, a governor in Henan. This ended in the victory of Tugh Temür since he secured support from most of the princes, aristocrats and warlords in the south of the Gobi Desert. Tugh Temür summoned his brother to come to Dadu.

paragraph: At the same time, Kuśala, with support from the Chaghadayid leaders Eljigidey and Duwa Temür, entered Mongolia from the Tarbagatai region (in the Khangai Mountains). He also got support from princes and generals of Mongolia, and with overwhelming military power in the background, put pressure on Tugh Temür, who had already ascended the throne. Kuśala enthroned himself on February 27, 1329, north of Karakorum.

paragraph: Tugh Temür abdicated on April 3 the same year, and a month later El Temür brought the imperial seal to Kuśala in Mongolia, announcing Dadu's intent to welcome him. Kuśala responded by making Tugh Temür his heir apparent on May 15. Kuśala had proceeded to appoint his own loyal followers to important posts in the Secretariat, the Bureau of Military Affairs, and the Censorate.

paragraph: Taking 1,800 men with him, Kuśala set out for Dadu. On August 26, he met with Tugh Temür in Ongghuchad (Onggachatu), where Tugh Temur had built the city of Zhongdu. He suddenly died only 4 days after a banquet with Tugh Temür. The Yuan shi states that the luckless Kuśala Khan died of violence. It seems that Kuśala was poisoned by El Temür, who feared losing power to princes and officers of the Chagatai Khanate and Mongolia, who followed Kuśala. Tugh Temür was restored to the throne on September 8.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Khutughtu Khan had two wives who were Mailaiti, a descendant of the famous Qarluq chief, Arslan, who submitted to Genghis Khan and Babusha of the Naiman. They gave birth to two Mongol emperors, including Toghon Temür, the last Mongolian emperor who ruled China.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parents:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Külüg, Wuzong (; 4 August 1281 – 27 January 1311)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concubine Shoutong ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consorts and Issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mailaiti (; 1290's – 1320)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toghon Temür, Huizong (; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), first son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anchuhan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yuelusha ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Changguo ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buyanhuludou ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yesu ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tuohusi ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Babusha (; d. 1330)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rinchinbal, Ningzong" (; 1 May 1326 – 14 December 1332), second son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unknown

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Minghui Zhenyi (), personal name Budaxini ()

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Mongol rulers

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of rulers of China

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ч.Далай – "Монголын түүх 1260–1388"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Д.Цэен-Ойдов – "Чингис богдоос Лигдэн хутагт хүртэл монголын хаад"

alias: Khutughtu Khan, Emperor Mingzong of Yuan

description: emperor of the Yuan Dynasty

wikidata_label: Khutughtu Khan

wikipedia_title: Khutughtu Khan Kusala


text:
Berlin
Basel
philologist
Germanic studies
Indo-Europeanist
Jacob Wackernagel
Classical
Germanic literature
University of Berlin
August Boeckh
Karl Lachmann
German language
university
Munich
Tübingen
Vienna
Germanist
Jacob Grimm
hexameter
pentameter
Klopstock
Karl Joseph Simrock
Walther von der Vogelweide
basal reader
stained glass
Johann Fischart
Old German

categories: 1806 births,Humboldt University of Berlin alumni,Swiss philologists,University of Basel faculty,People from Berlin,1869 deaths,Linguists from Germany

paragraph: Wilhelm Wackernagel

paragraph: Wilhelm Wackernagel (23 April 1806, Berlin – 21 December 1869, Basel) was a German-Swiss philologist specializing in Germanic studies. He was the father of Indo-Europeanist Jacob Wackernagel.

paragraph: He studied Classical and Germanic literature at the University of Berlin as a pupil of August Boeckh and Karl Lachmann. In 1833 he moved to Basel, where from 1835 to 1869, he was a professor of German language and literature at the university. While at Basel, he turned down offers for professorships in Berlin, Munich, Tübingen and Vienna.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He was considered the leading Germanist after the death of Jacob Grimm in 1863. A number of Wackernagel's significant works were published posthumously. The following are some of his principal writings:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geschichte des deutschen Hexameters und Pentameters bis auf Klopstock", 1831 – History of German hexameters and pentameters prior to Klopstock.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gedichte Walthers von der Vogelweide" (edited with Karl Joseph Simrock) – Poetry of Walther von der Vogelweide.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deutsches Lesebuch", 1835–1843 (3 volumes) – German basal reader.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geschichte der deutschen Litteratur : ein Handbuch", 1848-1855 – History of German literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die deutsche glasmalerei: Geschichtlicher entwurf mit belegen", 1855 – German stained glass; historical design.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kleinere Schriften von Wilhelm Wackernagel", 1872 – Smaller writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poetik, Rhetorik und Stilistik: Academische Vorlesungen", 1873 (edited by Ludwig Sieber) – Poetics, rhetoric and stylistics; Academic lectures.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Johann Fischart von Strassburg", 1874 – monograph on Johann Fischart.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Altdeutsches handwörterbuch", 1878 (edited by Maximilian Rieger) – Old German dictionary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kleineres altdeutsches Lesebuch", 1880 – Smaller Old German basal reader.

description: Swiss philologist

wikidata_label: Wilhelm Wackernagel

wikipedia_title: Wilhelm Wackernagel


text:
Japanese
mixed martial artist
Lightweight
List of male mixed martial artists
Yuichi Watanabe

categories: Japanese male mixed martial artists,Living people,Lightweight mixed martial artists,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Yuichi Watanabe

paragraph: Yuichi Watanabe is a Japanese mixed martial artist. He competed in the Lightweight division.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of male mixed martial artists

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yuichi Watanabe at mixedmartialarts.com

description: Japanese mixed martial artist

wikidata_label: Yuichi Watanabe

wikipedia_title: Yuichi Watanabe


text: barrister

text: politician

text: Conservative Party

text: Harold Macmillan

text: Sir Alec Douglas-Home

text: Edward Heath

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: Thatcherism

text: one-nation conservatism

text: postwar consensus

text: social market economy

text: Christian democracy

text: Centre for Policy Studies

text: Samuel Joseph

text: Bovis

text: Lord Mayor of London

text: baronet

text: baronet

text: Lockers Park School

text: Hemel Hempstead

text: Harrow School

text: Magdalen College

text: Jurisprudence

text: All Souls College

text: World War II

text: Royal Artillery

text: mentioned in despatches

text: Middle Temple

text: Alderman

text: Lloyd's of London

text: World Jewish Relief

text: Baron's Court

text: 1955 election

text: Leeds North East

text: Macmillan

text: Ministry of Housing

text: Board of Trade

text: council housing

text: 1964 election

text: Edward Heath

text: Sally Oppenheim

text: Carnegie

text: 1970 election

text: Selsdon Park Hotel

text: Secretary of State for Social Services

text: National Health Service

text: 1974 election defeat

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: Centre for Policy Studies

text: monetarism

text: Milton Friedman

text: socially-conservative

text: Arthur Wynn

text: Child Poverty Action Group

text: Alfred Sherman

text: Jonathan Sumption

text: post-war consensus

text: Shadow Cabinet

text: Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer

text: 1979 election

text: James Prior

text: Secretary of State for Industry

text: Ian MacGregor

text: GCSEs

text: Mark Carlisle

text: Shirley Williams

text: O Level

text: CSEs

text: Cecil Parkinson

text: tuition fees

text: IRA

text: bomb in the Grand Hotel

text: Brighton

text: 1987 election

text: Order of the Companions of Honour

text: life peer

text: Portsoken

text: City of London

text: Liverpool Riots

text: Michael Heseltine

text: Thatcherism

text: accessed 6 June 2013

text: Joseph's speech at Edgbaston

categories: Jewish British politicians,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,1994 deaths,UK MPs 1974,People educated at Lockers Park School,Councilmen and Aldermen of the City of London,UK MPs 1959–1964,Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour,Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford,UK MPs 1970–1974,UK MPs 1964–1966,People educated at Harrow School,Royal Artillery officers,Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,English Jews,British Army personnel of World War II,UK MPs 1966–1970,UK MPs 1974–1979,British Secretaries of State,UK MPs 1983–1987,UK MPs 1979–1983,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Gluckstein family,1918 births,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,British Secretaries of State for Education,UK MPs 1955–1959

paragraph: Keith Joseph

paragraph: Keith Sinjohn Joseph, Baron Joseph, (17 January 1918 – 10 December 1994), known as Sir Keith Joseph, 2nd Baronet, for most of his political life, was a British barrister and politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served in the Cabinet under four prime ministers: Harold Macmillan, Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher. He was a key influence in the creation of what came to be known as "Thatcherism" and the subsequent decline of one-nation conservatism and the postwar consensus.

paragraph: Keith Joseph was the first to introduce the concept of the social market economy into Britain, an economic and social system inspired by Christian democracy. He also co-founded the Centre for Policy Studies writing its first publication: "Why Britain needs a Social Market Economy".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Joseph was the son of a wealthy and influential Jewish family. His father, Samuel Joseph headed the vast family construction and project-management company, Bovis, and was Lord Mayor of London in 1942–3. At the end of his term he was created a baronet.

paragraph: On the death of his father on 4 October 1944, 26-year-old Keith inherited the baronetcy.

paragraph: Section::::Education and academic career.

paragraph: Joseph was educated at Lockers Park School in Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire, followed by Harrow School and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he studied Jurisprudence, obtaining first class honours. He was elected a Prize Fellow of All Souls College in 1946.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: During World War II, Joseph served as a captain in the Royal Artillery, and suffered a minor wound during German shelling of his company's headquarters in Italy, as well as being mentioned in despatches. After the end of the war, he was called to the Bar (Middle Temple). Following his father, he was elected as an Alderman of the City of London. He was a Director of Bovis, becoming chairman in 1958, and became an underwriter at Lloyd's of London. In 1945, Joseph joined the leadership of the Post-War Orphans’ Committee of the Central British Fund for German Jewry (now World Jewish Relief).

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament.

paragraph: He failed to be elected to the marginal seat of Baron's Court in West London by 125 votes in the 1955 election.

paragraph: He was elected to parliament in a by-election for Leeds North East in February 1956. He was swiftly appointed as a Parliamentary Private Secretary.

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament.:In government.

paragraph: After 1959, Joseph had several junior posts in the Macmillan government at the Ministry of Housing and the Board of Trade. In the 'Night of the Long Knives' reshuffle of 13 July 1962 he was made Minister for Housing and Local Government, a cabinet position. He introduced a massive programme to build council housing, which aimed at 400,000 new homes per year by 1965. He wished to increase the proportion of owner-occupied households, by offering help with mortgage deposits. Housing was an important issue at the 1964 election and Joseph was felt to have done well on television in the campaign.

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament.:Social Services.

paragraph: In opposition, Joseph was spokesman on Social Services, and then on Labour under Edward Heath. He was one of twelve founder members of the NCSWD, the National Council for Single Woman and Her Dependants on 15 December 1965. According to Tim Cook in his book "The History of the Carers' Movement", he and Sally Oppenheim were critical in raising funds from the Carnegie Trust and other organisations, which enabled the carers movement to succeed and thrive through their formative years.

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament.:Trade spokesman.

paragraph: Despite Joseph's reputation as a right-winger, Heath promoted him to Trade spokesman in 1967, where he had an important role in policy development. In the run-up to the 1970 election Joseph made a series of speeches under the title "civilised capitalism", in which he outlined his political philosophy and hinted of cuts in public spending. At the Selsdon Park Hotel meeting, the Conservative Party largely adopted this approach.

paragraph: After the Conservatives won the election, Joseph was made Secretary of State for Social Services, which put him in charge of the largest bureaucracy of any government department but kept him out of control of economics. Despite his speeches against bureaucracy, Joseph found himself compelled to add to it as he increased and improved services in the National Health Service. However, he grew increasingly opposed to the Heath government's economic strategy, which had seen a 'U-turn' in favour of intervention in industry in 1972.

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament.:1974.

paragraph: Following the 1974 election defeat, Joseph worked with Margaret Thatcher to set up the Centre for Policy Studies, a think-tank to develop policies for the new free-market Conservatism that they both favoured. Joseph became interested in the economic theory of monetarism as formulated by Milton Friedman and persuaded Thatcher to support it.

paragraph: Despite still being a member of Heath's Shadow Cabinet, Joseph was openly critical of his government's record. Joseph delivered his famous Stockton lecture on the economy "Monetarism Is Not Enough" in which he contrasted wealth-producing sectors in an economy, such as manufacturing, with the service sector and government, which tend to be wealth-consuming. He contended that an economy begins to decline as its wealth-producing sector shrinks.

paragraph: Many on the right wing of the Conservative Party looked to Joseph to challenge Heath for the leadership, but his chances declined following a controversial speech on 19 October 1974. It covered a variety of socially-conservative topics and drew on an article that had been written by Arthur Wynn and his wife and published by the Child Poverty Action Group.

paragraph: The notion of the "cycle of deprivation" holding down poor people was the basis of his speech. He linked it to current theories of the culture of poverty, especially to the chaotic lifestyle of the poorest people. However, he suggested that poor people should stop having so many children. In his highly publicised speech at Edgbaston, he reflected on the moral and spiritual state of Britain:

paragraph: The outrage, despite his repeated apologies, in reaction to his speech sharply undercut Joseph's campaign to replace Heath as party leader. The speech was largely written by Alfred Sherman, with Jonathan Sumption, but the most controversial sentence was inserted by Joseph himself.

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament.:Thatcher.

paragraph: Joseph withdrew from the contest against Heath and endorsed Thatcher. She had been eager to run but had backed Joseph.

paragraph: He now became a major advisor. Thatcher later referred to Joseph as her closest political friend, and they both moved sharply to the right. His overnight conversion to free-market, small-government policies "had the force of a religious conversion". In 1975, he said:

paragraph: This remark expressed Joseph's sense of failure during multiple Conservative governments that had automatically followed the post-war consensus of a welfare state with strong labour unions. Their policies to stabilise the economy retained government control on industries and creating an intricate system to control wages and dividends. In the eyes of Thatcher and Joseph, that pragmatic approach was contrary to the true "Conservative" ideology. As he had done a great deal to promote Thatcher, when she won the leadership in 1975, she determined to put him in a position that would facilitate a profound influence on Conservative Party policy.

paragraph: In Thatcher's Shadow Cabinet, Joseph wanted to be Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, but that was impossible since his notorious 1974 speech. Instead, he was given overall responsibility for Policy and Research. He had a large impact on the Conservative manifesto for the 1979 election, but frequently, a compromise had to be reached with Heath's more moderate supporters, such as James Prior.

paragraph: Thatcher named Joseph Secretary of State for Industry. He began to prepare the many nationalised industries for privatisation by bringing in private sector managers such as Ian MacGregor but was still forced to give large subsidies to those industries making losses.

paragraph: Section::::Member of Parliament.:Secretary of State for Education and Science.

paragraph: As Thatcher's Secretary of State for Education and Science from 1981 he started the ball rolling for GCSEs, and the establishment of a national curriculum in England and Wales. Mark Carlisle, his predecessor in the Conservative government in 1979, had cancelled the plans of Shirley Williams, his second-last predecessor, to merge O Levels and CSEs, but he achieved that policy. Although that was not normally the responsibility of central government, he insisted on personally approving the individual subject syllabuses before the GCSE system was introduced.

paragraph: His attempts to reform teachers' pay and bring in new contracts were opposed by the trade unions and led to a series of one-day strikes.

paragraph: In 1984, his public spending negotiations with his Treasury colleagues resulted in a proposed plan for extra research funding for universities financed through the curtailment of financial support to students who were dependent children of more affluent parents. That plan provoked heated opposition from fellow members of the Cabinet (particularly, Cecil Parkinson) and a compromise plan was found necessary to secure consensus. The compromise involved the abandonment of Joseph's plan to levy tuition fees but preserved his aspiration to abolish the minimum grant. The resulting loss to research funding was halved by a concession of further revenue by the Treasury team.

paragraph: Joseph was one of the ministers to survive the IRA's bomb in the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party Conference at Brighton in 1984.

paragraph: In 1985, he published a White Paper on the university sector, "The Development of Higher Education into the 1990s". It advocated an appraisal system to assess the relative quality of research and foresaw a retrenchment in the size of the higher education sector. Both proposals were highly controversial.

paragraph: Joseph stepped down from the Cabinet in 1986, and retired from Parliament at the 1987 election. He was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1986.

paragraph: He received a life peerage in the dissolution honours, being created Baron Joseph, of Portsoken in the City of London on 12 October 1987.

paragraph: Section::::Backbenches, retirement and peerage.:30-year rule and official documents.

paragraph: At the end of 2011, the release of confidential documents under the UK Government's 30-year rule revealed Joseph's thoughts regarding the Liverpool Riots. In response to Michael Heseltine's regeneration proposal, Joseph suggested that there should be a "managed rundown" of Merseyside instead. Later, his private secretary asked for minutes of a meeting to be amended to remove reference to explicit economic regeneration as Joseph believed “it is by no means clear that any such strategy could lead to a viable economic entity”.

paragraph: Section::::Thought leadership and legacy.

paragraph: Joseph's speech "Monetarism is Not Enough" was described by Margaret Thatcher as “one of the very few speeches which have fundamentally affected a political generation's way of thinking.".

paragraph: Joseph's political achievement was in pioneering the application of monetarist economics to British political economics, and in developing what would later become known as 'Thatcherism'. He knew his own limitations, remarking of the prospect of his becoming Leader of the Conservative Party that "it would have been a disaster for the party, country, and me", and he rated himself a failure in office.

paragraph: His political philosophy speeches, which led to his being nicknamed 'The Mad Monk', were ridiculed at the time but they were profoundly influential within the Conservative Party and in practice set the tone for politics in the 1980s.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Joseph was married twice: firstly, in 1951 to Hellen Guggenheimer, with whom he had four children. After their divorce in 1978, he married Yolanda Sheriff (née Castro) in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denham, Andrew and Mark Garnett. "Keith Joseph" (Acumen, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Halcrow, Morrison. "Sir Keith Joseph: A Single Mind" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harrison, Brian. "Mrs. Thatcher and the Intellectuals," "Twentieth Century British History" (1994) 5#2 pp 206–245.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harrison, Brian. "Joseph, Keith Sinjohn, Baron Joseph (1918–1994)", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography," Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2011 accessed 6 June 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moore, Charles. "Margaret Thatcher: From Grantham to the Falklands" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- O'Connell, Jeffrey and Thomas E. O'Connell. "Global Raising and Razing of Statism: The Mirror Roles of Two Law-Trained Englishmen – William Beveridge and Keith Joseph," "Journal of Law & Politics" (2000) 16#3 pp 639–662.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph's speech at Edgbaston

paragraph: BULLET::::- Excerpt from Commanding Heights by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Keith Joseph papers in the Conservative Party Archive

description: British barrister and politician

enwikiquote_title: Keith Joseph

wikidata_label: Keith Joseph

wikipedia_title: Keith Joseph


text:
German
Munich
Richard Strauss
Hans Knappertsbusch
Second World War
Wehrmacht
POW
Joseph Haas
Hans Rosbaud
Igor Markevitch
Kent Nagano
Augsburg
répétiteur
Geneva International Music Competition
Igor Markevitch
Mozarteum
Salzburg
Austria
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
Herbert von Karajan
Bayreuth Festspielhaus
Tristan und Isolde
Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra
New York
Metropolitan Opera
Vienna Symphony
Hamburg Symphony Orchestra
Orchestre de la Suisse Romande
Bavarian State Opera
Richard Strauss
Salome
Richard Wagner
Ring des Nibelungen
Eugene Ormandy
Philadelphia Orchestra
Riccardo Muti
NHK Symphony Orchestra
Suntory Music Award
Carnegie Hall
orthostatic hypotension
Grassau, Bavaria
Grassau
Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger
Pope Benedict XVI
Requiem Mass
Grassau
Richard Strauss
lied
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
Elisabeth Schwarzkopf
Margaret Price
Anton Bruckner
Franz Schubert
Winterreise
Robert Schumann
Thomas Hampson
Philadelphia
Academy of Music
EMI
Richard Strauss
Capriccio
Robert Schumann
Staatskapelle Dresden
quadraphonic
The Magic Flute
EMI
Peter Schreier
Anneliese Rothenberger
Walter Berry
Edda Moser
Kurt Moll
Ludwig van Beethoven
Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
Johannes Brahms
Ein deutsches Requiem
Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra
London Philharmonic Orchestra
Wiener Symphoniker
Anton Bruckner
1
4
5
6
9
Antonín Dvořák
Requiem
Stabat Mater
Czech Philharmonic
Philadelphia Orchestra
Felix Mendelssohn
Symphony No. 2
Berlin Philharmonic
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
The Magic Flute
Francisco Araiza
Lucia Popp
Kurt Moll
Franz Schubert
Staatskapelle Dresden
Richard Strauss
Intermezzo
Elektra
Friedenstag
Die Frau ohne Schatten
Arabella
Bavarian State Opera
Ein Heldenleben
Symphonia domestica
Also sprach Zarathustra
Dennis Brain
Philharmonia Orchestra
Giuseppe Verdi
Macbeth
Salzburg Festival
Richard Wagner
Der Ring des Nibelungen
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
Die Feen
Das Liebesverbot
The Flying Dutchman
Bayreuth Festival
Bavarian State Orchestra
Tristan und Isolde
Tannhäuser
Lohengrin
Bayreuth Festival
Wesendonck Lieder
Carl Maria von Weber
Robert Schumann
Obituary
Wolfgang Sawallisch
Wolfgang Sawallisch Foundation
Interview with Wolfgang Sawallisch
František Sláma (musician)
Archive

categories: German classical pianists,2013 deaths,20th-century conductors (music),Recipients of the Bavarian Order of Merit,20th-century classical pianists,Recipients of the Robert Schumann Prize of the City of Zwickau,Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art,Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,EMI Classics and Virgin Classics artists,German male conductors (music),1923 births,German conductors (music),People from Munich

paragraph: Wolfgang Sawallisch

paragraph: Wolfgang Sawallisch (26 August 1923 – 22 February 2013) was a German conductor and pianist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Wolfgang Sawallisch was the son of Maria and Wilhelm Sawallisch. His father was director of the Hamburg-Bremer-Feuerversicherung in Munich. Wolfgang Sawallisch had a brother Werner, who was five years older. He passed his Abitur in 1942 at the Wittelsbacher-Gymnasium in Munich.

paragraph: At the age of five, he was already playing the piano and by the time he was ten, he had decided he wanted to become a concert pianist. As a child, he was greatly influenced by Richard Strauss and Hans Knappertsbusch. In his musical education he was generously supported by his family, especially by his widowed mother, who became active again because of him, and also by his older brother. At first, he studied composition and pianoforte privately. This enabled him to prepare for his career as a pianist and conductor before and after the Second World War without financial worries. His professional development was interrupted by his military service and British captivity in Italy. During the Second World War, he served in the Wehrmacht in France and Italy and in the closing stages of the war was detained at a British POW camp.

paragraph: After returning home to Munich, he studied with Joseph Haas and, after one semester, passed his state examination at the Staatliche Musikhochschule in Munich in 1946. He took conducting lessons with Hans Rosbaud and Igor Markevitch. He found his first job at the Stadttheater Augsburg. During this time he married the singer Mechthild Schmid (1921-1998), daughter of the organ builder Magnus Schmid (1889-1964) from Pemmering, whom he had already met in his youth in Munich. She had a great influence on him throughout his life together.

paragraph: Through the adoption of her son, born in 1944, from his wife's first marriage, he founded his own family. Mechthild renounced her own career as a singer in favour of her husband's career; on the one hand she suffered from standing in the shadow of the successful man, on the other hand she saw her function as his manager. After 46 years of marriage she died at the age of 77 due to her thyroid cancer.

paragraph: The Wolfgang Sawallisch Foundation was founded in Grassau in 2003 and comprises a music school. At a benefit concert of the Bavarian State Orchestra in Grassau on 2 February 2013 under the baton of Kent Nagano, Sawallisch was seen in public for the last time. He gave the opera world his last press interview for the January 2013 issue. His son Jörg died in January 2013, just one month before his adoptive father. Sawallisch lived for over 50 years in Grassau in Chiemgau, Upper Bavaria, where he was also buried.

paragraph: The villa in Grassau, where Wolfgang Sawallisch had lived for decades, was taken over by the Sawallisch Foundation in 2014 and is occasionally used for concerts by the Grassau Music School.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: He began his career at the opera house in Augsburg in 1947. At first, he held the position of répétiteur and later became the principal conductor. In 1949, he was awarded the first prize at the Geneva International Music Competition where he accompanied the violinist Gerhard Seitz. In 1952–53 he was the personal assistant to Igor Markevitch at the International Summer Academy of the Mozarteum in Salzburg, Austria.

paragraph: He was only 30 when he conducted the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, where Herbert von Karajan was then the principal conductor. When he debuted at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus conducting "Tristan und Isolde" in 1957, he was the youngest conductor ever to appear there.

paragraph: After turning down offers to join the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and the New York Metropolitan Opera, Sawallisch became Principal Conductor of the Vienna Symphony in 1960, a post he held for ten years. In 1961, he started conducting the Hamburg Symphony Orchestra and did this for ten years as well. From 1970 to 1980, he was music director of the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.

paragraph: From 1971 to 1992, he was Music Director of the Bavarian State Opera, and for several years from 1983, he was concurrently its general manager. For thirty years, he was closely associated with musical events in Munich. Here he conducted practically all of the major Richard Strauss operas, Salome being the sole exception. He also conducted 32 complete Richard Wagner Ring des Nibelungen cycles and is credited with nearly 1200 opera performances in the city alone.

paragraph: In 1966, Eugene Ormandy, the music director of the Philadelphia Orchestra from 1936 to 1980, had invited Sawallisch to visit him. Sawallisch subsequently made several recordings there, and in 1993 succeeded Riccardo Muti as music director of the Philadelphia Orchestra, where he remained until 2003. From 2003 until his death in 2013, he held the title of Conductor Laureate with the orchestra. He was also Honorary Conductor Laureate of the NHK Symphony Orchestra, Tokyo and for over 30 years he appeared with the orchestra annually in Tokyo. He was the recipient of a Suntory Music Award in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: After his tenure with the Philadelphia Orchestra, Sawallisch returned for guest-conducting appearances in Philadelphia and at Carnegie Hall. However, ill health related to orthostatic hypotension prevented Sawallisch from conducting in subsequent years. In an article in "The Philadelphia Inquirer" of 27 August 2006, Sawallisch himself stated his retirement from the concert podium:

paragraph: "It can happen without announcement that my blood pressure is too low. This instability gives me the necessity to finish my career after 57 years of concert and opera conducting."

paragraph: Earlier, in 1988, he had published his autobiography "Im Interesse der Deutlichkeit" ("For the Sake of Clarity")

paragraph: in which he had expounded his views on the role of a conductor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Affiliations.

paragraph: Sawallisch was an honorary member of The Robert Schumann Society. In 2003, he helped to establish a music school in Grassau, Bavaria, naming the school the Wolfgang Sawallisch Stiftung (Wolfgang Sawallisch Foundation).

paragraph: He himself continued to live on his estate in Grassau in retirement.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: Sawallisch and his wife Mechthild were married for 46 years until her death on 24 December 1998. Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI), a family friend,

paragraph: officiated at her Requiem Mass. She had a son, Jörg, from her previous marriage, whom Sawallisch had adopted. Jörg died in January 2013.

paragraph: Sawallisch died at his home in Grassau on 22 February 2013, aged 89.

paragraph: Section::::Prominent interpretations.

paragraph: Sawallisch has been acclaimed as an interpreter of the music of Richard Strauss. As a pianist, he accompanied a number of prominent singers in lieder, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Dame Elisabeth Schwarzkopf and Dame Margaret Price. He has also been acclaimed for his interpretations of the symphonies of Anton Bruckner.

paragraph: Sawallisch also recorded, as piano accompanist, Franz Schubert's "Winterreise" and Robert Schumann's "Liederkreis" and other songs with Thomas Hampson. One of his most celebrated live concert appearances as a pianist was on 11 February 1994 in Philadelphia, when Sawallisch substituted for the Philadelphia Orchestra at an all-Wagner concert on the night that a severe snow storm prevented much of the orchestra from arriving at the Academy of Music.

paragraph: Section::::Recording highlights.

paragraph: Sawallisch's recordings for EMI include highly regarded issues of Richard Strauss’s "Capriccio" and the four symphonies of Robert Schumann with the Staatskapelle Dresden. He made a quadraphonic stereo album (probably the only one ever made) of Mozart's "The Magic Flute" in 1973 for EMI, starring Peter Schreier as Tamino, Anneliese Rothenberger as Pamina, Walter Berry as Papageno, Edda Moser as the Queen of the Night, and Kurt Moll as Sarastro. Other recordings (EMI, Orfeo, Phillips, and Sony) include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ludwig van Beethoven’s nine Symphonies with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Amsterdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johannes Brahms’s "Ein deutsches Requiem" with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chorus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johannes Brahms's four Symphonies with the London Philharmonic Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johannes Brahms's four Symphonies with the Wiener Symphoniker

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anton Bruckner’s Symphonies 1, 4, 5, 6 & 9

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonín Dvořák’s "Requiem", and "Stabat Mater", both with the Czech Philharmonic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonín Dvořák's Symphonies Nos. 7–9 and Cello Concerto with the Philadelphia Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Felix Mendelssohn’s Symphony No. 2 with the Berlin Philharmonic and Düsseldorf Chorus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s "The Magic Flute" with Francisco Araiza, Lucia Popp and Kurt Moll (videoregistration)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Schubert’s nine Symphonies with the Staatskapelle Dresden; Sacred Choral Works with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chorus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Schubert's Masses in A flat major D 678, C major D 452 and in E flat major D 950 as well as "Tantum Ergo" D 962 and "Offertorium" D 963 with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chorus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Strauss’s "Intermezzo, Elektra, Friedenstag, Die Frau ohne Schatten", and "Arabella" with the Bavarian State Opera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Strauss's "Ein Heldenleben", "Symphonia domestica", and "Also sprach Zarathustra" with The Philadelphia Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Strauss's Horn Concertos, with Dennis Brain and the Philharmonia Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giuseppe Verdi’s "Macbeth" (live recording, Salzburg Festival)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Wagner’s "Der Ring des Nibelungen", "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg", "Die Feen" and "Das Liebesverbot" with the Bavarian State Opera; "The Flying Dutchman" (Bayreuth Festival and Bavarian State Orchestra, the latter filmed) and "Tristan und Isolde", "Tannhäuser" and "Lohengrin" (all Bayreuth Festival, the latter two officially released)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Wagner's "Wesendonck Lieder" with Marjana Lipovsek and The Philadelphia Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl Maria von Weber’s Overtures with the Philharmonia Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl Maria von Webers's two Symphonies with the Symphony Orchestra of the Bavarian Radio

paragraph: His final concerts and recording project in Philadelphia were focused on the music of Robert Schumann and was released on The Philadelphia Orchestra's own recording label in 2003.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary – with a film about Sawallisch with an interview by Marty Moss Coane (fall 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolfgang Sawallisch at The Remington Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolfgang Sawallisch Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Wolfgang Sawallisch, May 2, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- František Sláma (musician) Archive. More on the history of the Czech Philharmonic between the 1940s and the 1980s: "Conductors"

description: German conductor and pianist

wikidata_label: Wolfgang Sawallisch

wikipedia_title: Wolfgang Sawallisch