text:
fl
Bohemia
Lemberk Castle
burgrave
Kladsko
Přemyslid dynasty
Kingdom of Bohemia
Waldstein
Velešín
Wartenberg
Děčín
Wenceslaus I
Königstein Fortress
Zdislava of Křižanov
Brno
Moravia
Jablonné v Podještědí
Mongol invasion of Europe
Lusatian Mountains
Battle of Legnica
Ottokar II
Dominican
Český Dub
Kladsko Land
Kladsko
Bystrzyca Kłodzka
cup-bearer
Turnov

categories: Jablonné v Podještědí,Medieval Bohemian nobility,Year of birth unknown,City founders,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Havel of Markvartice

paragraph: Havel of Markvartice, also Havel of Lemberk () or Gallus of Lämberg; "fl." 1230–1255) was a Bohemian nobleman, Lord of Lemberk Castle and burgrave of Kladsko.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: The Markvartici — also called Marquards — were a prominent Bohemian family flourishing under the rule of the Přemyslid dynasty in the Kingdom of Bohemia from the 12th to the early 14th century. They included several cadet branches, among them the Lords of Lemberk (Lämberg), Michalovici, Waldstein (Valdštejn), Velešín, and Wartenberg.

paragraph: Havel's father Markvart appeared as a burgrave at Děčín in 1220, his brother Jaroslav is likewise mentioned as a burgrave 1239, serving King Wenceslaus I at nearby Königstein Fortress.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Havel married Zdislava of Křižanov (–1252), probably at Brno in Moravia, when she was 17 years old. The marriage produced at least three sons, Havel II, Jaroslav and Zdislav, as well as a daughter Margaret. Zdislava was canonized a saint in 1995.

paragraph: Both Havel and Jaroslav initially were enfeoffed with the Lordship of Jablonné v Podještědí ("Gabel"). Facing the threat of the Mongol invasion of Europe in 1241, they had Lemberk ("Lewenberch") Castle erected in the Lusatian Mountains nearby, which became vital during the Mongol retreat after the Battle of Legnica. Later on, Havel, now mentioned as "Gallus de Lewenberch", became a close confidant of King Wenceslaus during the struggles with his young son Ottokar II in 1247. He founded the town of Jablonné in 1249 and, together with his wife Zdislava, a local Dominican monastery at the site as well as a hospitium at Český Dub.

paragraph: After King Wenceslaus granted Kladsko Land as a fief to Havel in turn for his merits, he served as a burgrave at Kladsko ("Glatz") Castle from 1252 and founded the town of Bystrzyca Kłodzka ("Habelschwerdt"). His son Havel II succeeded him in Kladsko and temporarily served as a cup-bearer at the court of King Ottokar II. Along with his brother Jaroslav, he was also instrumental in founding the town of Turnov.

alias:
Havel of Lemberk
Havel of Jablonné
Havel of Jablonne

description: Bohemian noble

wikidata_label: Havel of Markvartice

wikipedia_title: Havel of Markvartice


text:
baseball
Major League Baseball
Detroit Tigers
San Francisco Seals
Pacific Coast League
Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame
Ola
Yell County, Arkansas
University of Arkansas
third base
Arkansas Razorbacks baseball
Arkansas Razorbacks football
St. Louis Cardinals
Clinton Pilots
Central Association
Detroit Tigers
Muscatine Muskies
St. Paul Saints
American Association
Yell County, Arkansas
San Francisco Seals
Pacific Coast League
Bert Cole
Lefty O'Doul
Earl Averill
Paul Waner
Pacific Coast League
Minneapolis Millers
American Association
Dallas Steers
Texas League
St. Luke's Hospital
PCL Hall of Fame Induction
Article on 1925 Seals

categories: 1896 births,Major League Baseball first basemen,San Francisco Seals (baseball) players,Detroit Tigers players,Minor league baseball managers,Arkansas Razorbacks baseball players,1955 deaths,Baseball players from Arkansas,Dallas Steers players,Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players,Clinton Pilots players,San Francisco Seals (baseball) managers,Arkansas Razorbacks football players,St. Paul Saints (AA) players,Muscatine Muskies players

paragraph: Bert Ellison

paragraph: Herbert Spencer "Bert" Ellison (November 15, 1896 – August 11, 1955) was an American baseball player. He played professional baseball for 14 years from 1915 to 1928, including five seasons in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers from 1916 to 1920. He also played seven seasons with the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League from 1921 to 1927. Ellison was inducted into the Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Ellison was born in Ola, Yell County, Arkansas, in 1896. In 1910, he was living with his grandfather John Sundlin, a farmer in Yell County.

paragraph: Ellison enrolled at the University of Arkansas. He played third base and led the Arkansas Razorbacks baseball in batting in 1914. He also played for the Arkansas Razorbacks football team in the fall of 1914.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:Minor leagues.

paragraph: In March 1915, it was reported that Ellison had signed with the St. Louis Cardinals. He spent the 1915 season playing in Iowa for the Clinton Pilots of the Central Association. He played at the shortstop position for Clinton and compiled a .251 batting average in 112 games.

paragraph: In August 1915, the Detroit Tigers purchased Ellison from the Clinton club. He was assigned for the 1916 season to the Muscatine Muskies of the Central Association. He compiled a .361 batting average in 127 games with Muscatine.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: At the end of August 1915, the Tigers purchased Ellison's release from Muscatine. Ellison made his major league debut with the Tigers at age 19 on September 18, 1916. He appeared in only two games for the Tigers in 1916, registering one hit and one RBI in seven at bats.

paragraph: In 1917, he appeared in nine games with the Tigers, but spent most of the season with the St. Paul Saints of the American Association. He compiled a .278 batting average in 139 games with St. Paul.

paragraph: In 1918, he again returned to the Tigers, appearing in seven games and batting .261. He developed a reputation as "the best utility man the Tigers ever had on their roster." However, he was lost to the Tigers for most of the 1918 season after being ordered to report to the local draft board in Yell County, Arkansas, between April 25 and 30.

paragraph: In 1919, Ellison finally spent a prolonged period with the Tigers, appearing in 56 games and batting .216. In 1920, he appeared in 61 games and compiled a .219 batting average. Over five seasons with the Tigers, Ellison appeared in a total of 135 games, including 47 as a first baseman, 28 as a second baseman, 18 as an outfielder, three as a third baseman and one as a shortstop. He compiled a career batting average of .216 with the Tigers.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:San Francisco Seals.

paragraph: On November 17, 1920, the Tigers traded Ellison to the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) in exchange for pitcher Bert Cole. Ellison played for the Seals from 1921 to 1927 and was the club's player-manager from 1923 to 1926.

paragraph: Ellison led the Seals to two PCL championships and compiled a 322-250 record as the team's manager. His 1925 team finished 128-71, featured Lefty O'Doul, Earl Averill and Paul Waner, and was ranked by MiLB.com as the tenth best minor league baseball team of all time. Ellison hit .325 with 22 home runs and 160 RBI that year.

paragraph: Ellison set multiple PCL records, including most home runs in a double-header (five), most home runs in a series (ten), and most hits in a series, going 25 for 37, including 10 home runs, against Salt Lake City from May 20 to 25, 1924. Ellison's best season in the PCL was 1924, when he hit .381 with 33 home runs and 183 RBIs.

paragraph: In seven seasons with the Seals, Ellison appeared in 1,042 games, compiled a .335 batting average, and totaled 1,329 hits, 278 doubles, 43 triples, 116 RBIs, and 778 RBIs. He was posthumously inducted into the Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:Minneapolis and Dallas.

paragraph: On April 23, 1927, the Seals sold Ellison to the Minneapolis Millers of the American Association. He played first base for the Millers in 1938 and compiled a .248 batting average in 52 games.

paragraph: On December 1, 1927, Ellison was hired as player-manager of the Dallas Steers in the Texas League. He compiled a .298 batting average in 79 games with the Steers. Due to the team's failure to make a satisfactory showing, Ellison was removed as the Steers' manager on August 2, 1928.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: After retiring from baseball, Ellison continued to live in San Francisco. In 1930, he was employed as an electric welder in the oil industry. Between 1930 and 1940, he was married to Ethel Shaw Ellison. In 1940, he worked in the customs department as an appraiser.

paragraph: Ellison died in 1955 at age 58 at St. Luke's Hospital in San Francisco. He was survived by a wife, Bernice.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- PCL Hall of Fame Induction

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article on 1925 Seals

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Babe Ellison

wikipedia_title: Bert Ellison


text:
Syracuse
Gelo
Pyrrhus of Epirus
First Punic War
Sicily
Mamertines
Campania
Agathocles
Messana
Mylae
Longanus
Carthaginian
king
Rome
Hanno
consul
Appius Claudius Caudex
Tauromenium
Archimedes
Vitruvius
votive crown
Archimedes
displacement
density
eureka, eureka!"
Theocritus
The Prince
Machiavelli
Moses
Cyrus
Theseus
Romulus
Alexander von Stauffenberg
habilitated
University of Würzburg

categories: 300s BC births,Sicilian Greeks,215 BC deaths,3rd-century BC rulers,Pyrrhic War,Sicilian tyrants

paragraph: Hiero II of Syracuse

paragraph: Hiero II (; c. 308 BC – 215 BC) was the Greek tyrant of Syracuse from 270 to 215 BC, and the illegitimate son of a Syracusan noble, Hierocles, who claimed descent from Gelon. He was a former general of Pyrrhus of Epirus and an important figure of the First Punic War.

paragraph: Section::::Punic War.

paragraph: On the departure of Pyrrhus from Sicily (275 BC) the Syracusan army and citizens appointed him commander of the troops. He strengthened his position by marrying the daughter of Leptines, the leading citizen. In the meantime, the Mamertines, a body of Campanian mercenaries who had been employed by Agathocles, had seized the stronghold of Messana, and proceeded in harassing the Syracusans. They were finally defeated in a pitched battle near Mylae along the Longanus river by Hiero, who was only prevented from capturing Messana by Carthaginian interference. His grateful countrymen then made him king (270).

paragraph: In 264 BC he again returned to the attack, and the Mamertines called in the aid of Rome. Hiero at once joined the Punic leader Hanno, who had recently landed in Sicily; but fighting a battle to an inconclusive outcome with the Romans led by the consul Appius Claudius Caudex, he withdrew to Syracuse.

paragraph: Section::::As King of Syracuse.

paragraph: Pressed by the Roman forces, in 263 he concluded a treaty with Rome, by which he was to rule over the south-east of Sicily and the eastern coast as far as Tauromenium.

paragraph: From this time until his death in 215 BC he remained loyal to the Romans, and frequently assisted them with men and provisions during the Punic war. He kept up a powerful fleet for defensive purposes, and employed his famous kinsman Archimedes in the construction of those engines that, at a later date, played so important a part during the siege of Syracuse by the Romans.

paragraph: According to a story told by Vitruvius, Hiero suspected he was being cheated by the goldsmith to whom he had supplied the gold to make a votive crown for a temple. He asked Archimedes to find out if all the gold had been used, as had been agreed. Archimedes, on discovering the principle of displacement needed to measure the density of the crown is said to have shouted "eureka, eureka!" while running naked through Syracuse. Vitruvius concludes this story by stating that Archimedes' method successfully detected the goldsmith's fraud; he had taken some of the gold and substituted silver instead.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and honors.

paragraph: A picture of the prosperity of Syracuse during his rule is given in the sixteenth idyll of Theocritus, his favourite poet.

paragraph: In "The Prince" (Chapter 6), Machiavelli cites Hiero as an exceptionally virtuous man and a rare example of someone who rose to princehood from private station, comparing him to Moses, Cyrus, Theseus, and Romulus.

paragraph: The prominent German historian Alexander von Stauffenberg was habilitated in 1931 at the University of Würzburg for his work about Hiero II.

description: 3rd-century BC Sicilian Greek ruler

wikidata_label: Hiero II of Syracuse

wikipedia_title: Hiero II of Syracuse


text: Breslau

text: Province of Silesia

text: Germany

text: Czech Republic

text: Jewish

text: Hoch Conservatory

text: Frankfurt

text: Stern Conservatory

text: Berlin

text: James Kwast

text: Hans Pfitzner

text: Gustav Mahler

text: Symphony No. 2, "Resurrection"

text: Prague

text: Symphony No. 8, "Symphony of a Thousand"

text: Hamburg

text: Barmen

text: Strasbourg Opera

text: Cologne Opera

text: Wiesbaden Opera House

text: Kroll Opera

text: Janáček

text: From the House of the Dead

text: Schoenberg

text: Erwartung

text: Stravinsky

text: Oedipus rex

text: Hindemith

text: Cardillac

text: Werner Klemperer

text: Nazi Party

text: Los Angeles Philharmonic

text: Beethoven

text: Brahms

text: Gustav Mahler

text: cyclothymic

text: bipolar disorder

text: Weimar

text: Eugene Ormandy

text: Leopold Stokowski

text: Philadelphia Orchestra

text: Arturo Toscanini

text: New York Philharmonic

text: John Barbirolli

text: Artur Rodziński

text: Los Angeles Philharmonic

text: Hollywood Bowl

text: The New York Times

text: Budapest Opera

text: Communist

text: Royal Danish Orchestra

text: Montreal Symphony Orchestra

text: Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra

text: Concertgebouw Orchestra

text: Philharmonia

text: left-wing

text: Walter Legge

text: Philharmonia

text: Royal Opera House

text: Covent Garden

text: Richard Wagner

text: Lohengrin

text: The Magic Flute

text: Montreal

text: Jerusalem

text: Six-Day War

text: Brandenburg Concertos

text: Bach

text: Mozart

text: Zürich

text: Switzerland

text: Jewish Religious Community of Zurich

text: Royal Academy of Music

text: Werner Klemperer

text: Victor Klemperer

text: Weimar Republic

text: Nazi Germany

text: Furtwängler

text: Walter

text: Markevitch

text: symphonies

text: Mass

text: string quartet

text: lied

text: opera

text: Beethoven

text: Symphony No. 3, "Eroica"

text: Cologne

text: New Philharmonia

text: Herbert von Karajan

text: RIAS Berlin Orchestra

text: Symphony No. 4 "Romantic"

text: Anton Bruckner

text: Concertgebouw Orchestra

text: Symphony No. 7, "Nachtlied" ("Song of the Night")

text: Gustav Mahler

text: Sir Georg Solti

text: James Levine

text: Claudio Abbado

text: Michael Tilson Thomas

text: Kurt Weill

text: St Matthew Passion

text: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau

text: Peter Pears

text: Elisabeth Schwarzkopf

text: Christa Ludwig

text: Walter Berry

text: Mass in B minor

text: Brandenburg Concertos

text: Philharmonia Orchestra

text: Viola Concerto

text: William Primrose

text: Concertgebouw Orchestra

text: Symphony No. 9

text: Fidelio

text: Missa solemnis

text: Claudio Arrau

text: Daniel Barenboim

text: Symphony

text: Violin Concerto

text: David Oistrakh

text: Ein deutsches Requiem

text: Elisabeth Schwarzkopf

text: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau

text: Symphony No. 4 in E-flat Major

text: Symphony No. 6 in A Major

text: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor

text: Piano Concerto No. 1

text: Claudio Arrau

text: Symphony in D minor

text: Messiah

text: Nobilissima Visione

text: Kölner Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester

text: Sinfonietta

text: Das Lied von der Erde

text: Christa Ludwig

text: Fritz Wunderlich

text: Symphony No. 2 in C Minor, "Resurrection"

text: Kathleen Ferrier

text: Elisabeth Schwarzkopf

text: Hilde Rössel-Majdan

text: Symphony No. 4

text: Elisabeth Schwarzkopf

text: Symphony No. 7

text: Symphony No. 9

text: A Midsummer Night's Dream

text: Piano Concerto No. 25

text: Daniel Barenboim

text: Don Giovanni

text: The Magic Flute

text: Nicolai Gedda

text: Gundula Janowitz

text: Lucia Popp

text: Elisabeth Schwarzkopf

text: Verklärte Nacht

text: 8 (Unfinished)

text: Symphonies

text: Piano Concerto

text: Annie Fischer

text: Petrushka

text: Pulcinella

text: Symphony in Three Movements

text: Philharmonia Orchestra

text: The Flying Dutchman

text: Anja Silja

text: Siegfried Idyll

text: Kleine Dreigroschenmusik

text: EMI recording (ASD 2575)

text: Los Angeles Philharmonic

text: George Gershwin

text: Hollywood Bowl

text: Otto Klemperer conducting the Los Angeles Philharmonic

text: Serenade in E-flat, K.375

text: Beating Time: a play by Jim Grover about Klemperer

text: portrait of Otto Klemperer and Johanna Geisler

text: Nickolas Muray

text: František Sláma

text: Archive

categories: 1885 births,Berlin University of the Arts alumni,20th-century American composers,German male composers,Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,Jewish classical musicians,20th-century American conductors (music),American classical composers,Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States,Jewish classical composers,American people of German-Jewish descent,Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music,Hoch Conservatory alumni,American male conductors (music),People from the Province of Silesia,Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class),People with bipolar disorder,German male conductors (music),German classical composers,People from Wrocław,Naturalized citizens of Israel,American people of Czech-Jewish descent,American male classical composers,1973 deaths,German conductors (music)

paragraph: Otto Klemperer

paragraph: Otto Nossan Klemperer (14 May 18856 July 1973) was a Jewish German-born conductor and composer, described as "the last of the few really great conductors of his generation."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Otto Klemperer was born in Breslau, Province of Silesia, then in Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), as a son of Nathan Klemperer, a native of Prague, Bohemia (today's Czech Republic). His parents were Jewish. Klemperer studied music first at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt, and later at the Stern Conservatory in Berlin under James Kwast and Hans Pfitzner. He followed Kwast to three institutions and credited him with the whole basis of his musical development. In 1905, he met Gustav Mahler while conducting the off-stage brass at a performance of Mahler's Symphony No. 2, "Resurrection". He also made a piano reduction of the second symphony. The two men became friends, and Klemperer became conductor at the German Opera in Prague in 1907 on Mahler's recommendation. Mahler wrote a short testimonial, recommending Klemperer, on a small card which Klemperer kept for the rest of his life. Later, in 1910, Klemperer assisted Mahler in the premiere of his Symphony No. 8, "Symphony of a Thousand".

paragraph: Klemperer went on to hold a number of positions, in Hamburg (1910–1912); in Barmen (1912–1913); the Strasbourg Opera (1914–1917); the Cologne Opera (1917–1924); and the Wiesbaden Opera House (1924–1927). From 1927 to 1931, he was conductor at the Kroll Opera in Berlin. In this post he enhanced his reputation as a champion of new music, playing a number of new works, including Janáček's "From the House of the Dead", Schoenberg's "Erwartung", Stravinsky's "Oedipus rex", and Hindemith's "Cardillac".

paragraph: On 22 March 1920, his wife, soprano Johanna Geisler, gave birth to their son, the German-American actor Werner Klemperer. Their daughter Lotte was born on 1 November 1923.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1930s move to United States.

paragraph: In 1933, once the Nazi Party had reached power, Klemperer left Germany and moved to the United States. He had previously converted to Catholicism, but returned to Judaism at the end of his life. In the U.S. he was appointed Music Director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He was granted United States citizenship in 1937. In Los Angeles, he began to concentrate more on the standard works of the Germanic repertoire that would later bring him greatest acclaim, particularly the works of Beethoven, Brahms and Gustav Mahler, though he gave the Los Angeles premieres of some of fellow Los Angeles resident Arnold Schoenberg's works with the Philharmonic. He also visited other countries, including England and Australia. While the orchestra responded well to his leadership, Klemperer had a difficult time adjusting to Southern California, a situation exacerbated by repeated manic-depressive episodes, reportedly as a result of severe cyclothymic bipolar disorder. He also found that the dominant musical culture and leading music critics in the United States were largely out of sympathy with his taste for modern music from Weimar's Golden Age, and he felt he was not properly valued.

paragraph: Klemperer hoped for a permanent position as lead conductor in New York or Philadelphia. But in 1936 he was passed over for both first in Philadelphia, where Eugene Ormandy succeeded Leopold Stokowski at the Philadelphia Orchestra, and then in New York, where Arturo Toscanini's departure left a vacancy at the New York Philharmonic but John Barbirolli and Artur Rodziński were engaged in preference to Klemperer. The New York decision was particularly galling, as Klemperer had been engaged to conduct the first fourteen weeks of the New York Philharmonic's 1935-6 season. Klemperer's bitterness at this decision was voiced in a letter he wrote to Arthur Judson, who ran the orchestra: "that the society did not reengage me is the strongest offense, the sharpest insult to me as artist, which I can imagine. You see, I am no youngster. I have a name and a good name. One could not use me in a most difficult season and then expell me. This non-reengagement will have very bad results not only for me in New York but in the whole world... This non-reengagement is an absolutely unjustified wrong done to me by the Philharmonic Society."

paragraph: Then, after completing the 1939 Los Angeles Philharmonic summer season at the Hollywood Bowl, Klemperer was visiting Boston and was diagnosed with a brain tumor; the subsequent brain surgery to remove "a tumour the size of a small orange" left him partially paralyzed. He went into a depressive state and was placed in institution; when he escaped, "The New York Times" ran a cover story declaring him missing, and after he was found in New Jersey, a picture of him behind bars was printed in the "Herald Tribune". Though he would occasionally conduct the Philharmonic after that, he lost the post of Music Director. Furthermore, his erratic behavior during manic episodes made him an undesirable guest to US orchestras, and the late flowering of his career centered in other countries.

paragraph: After World War II, Klemperer returned to Europe to work at the Budapest Opera (1947–1950). Finding Communist rule in Hungary increasingly irksome, he became an itinerant conductor, guest conducting the Royal Danish Orchestra, Montreal Symphony Orchestra, Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra, Concertgebouw Orchestra, and the Philharmonia of London.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The early 1950s and health problems.

paragraph: In the early 1950s Klemperer experienced difficulties arising from his US citizenship. American union policies made it difficult for him to record in Europe, while his left-wing views made him increasingly unpopular with the State Department and FBI. In 1952 the US refused to renew his passport. In 1954 Klemperer returned to Europe and acquired a German passport.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:His EMI period.

paragraph: His career was turned around in 1954 by the London-based producer Walter Legge, who recorded Klemperer conducting Beethoven, Brahms and much else with his hand-picked orchestra, the Philharmonia, for the EMI label. He became the first principal conductor of the Philharmonia in 1959. He settled in Switzerland. Klemperer also worked at the Royal Opera House Covent Garden, sometimes stage-directing as well as conducting, as in a 1963 production of Richard Wagner's "Lohengrin". He also conducted Mozart's "The Magic Flute" there in 1962.

paragraph: A severe fall during a visit to Montreal in 1951 forced Klemperer to conduct seated in a chair. A severe burning accident further paralyzed him, which resulted from his smoking in bed and trying to douse the flames with the contents of a bottle of spirits of camphor nearby. Through Klemperer's problems with his health, the tireless and unwavering support and assistance of Klemperer's daughter Lotte was crucial to his success.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Final years.

paragraph: One of his last concert tours was to Jerusalem, a couple of years after the Six-Day War, at which time he was awarded an Israeli honorary passport. Klemperer had performed in Israel before it became a state, and returned to Jerusalem only in 1970 to conduct the Israeli Broadcasting Authority Symphonic Orchestra in two concerts, performing the six Brandenburg Concertos of Bach, and Mozart's symphonies 39, 40 and 41. During this tour he took Israeli citizenship. He retired from conducting in 1971.

paragraph: Klemperer died in Zürich, Switzerland, in 1973, aged 88, and was buried at Zürich's Jewish Cemetery Oberer Friesenberg, owned and provided for by the Jewish Religious Community of Zurich.

paragraph: He was an Honorary Member (HonRAM) of the Royal Academy of Music.

paragraph: His son, Werner Klemperer, was a Hollywood actor. The diarist Victor Klemperer, who chronicled his life in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany was a cousin, as were Georg Klemperer and Felix Klemperer, who were noted physicians.

paragraph: Section::::Composer.

paragraph: Klemperer is less well known as a composer, but like other famous conductors such as Furtwängler, Walter and Markevitch, he wrote a number of pieces, including six symphonies (only the first two were published), a Mass, nine string quartets, many lieder and the opera "Das Ziel". He tried at times to get his works performed, as he had hopes of being remembered as a composer as well as a conductor, but had little success. The works he composed have generally fallen into neglect since his death, although commercial recordings have occasionally been made of some of his symphonic works. Four of his string quartets and a selection of piano pieces and songs have been recorded in two limited edition CDs.

paragraph: Section::::Klemperer's recordings.

paragraph: Many listeners associate Klemperer with slow tempos, but recorded evidence now available on compact disc shows that in earlier years his tempi could be quite a bit faster. For example, one of Klemperer's most noted performances was of Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, "Eroica". Eric Grunin's "Eroica Project" contains tempo data on 363 recordings of the work from 1924–2007, and includes 10 by Klemperer – some recorded in the studio, most from broadcasts of live concerts. The earliest Klemperer performance on tape was recorded in concert in Cologne in 1954 (when he was 69 years old); the last was in London with the New Philharmonia Orchestra in 1970 (when he was 85). The passing years show a clear trend with respect to tempo: as Klemperer aged, he took slower tempi. In 1954, his first movement lasts 15:18 from beginning to end; in 1970 it lasts 18:41. In 1954 the main tempo of the first movement was about 135 beats per minute, in 1970 it had slowed to about 110 beats per minute. In 1954, the "Eroica" second movement, "Funeral March", had a timing of 14:35; in 1970, it had slowed to 18:51. Similar slowings took place in the other movements. Around 1954, Herbert von Karajan flew especially to hear Klemperer conduct a performance of the "Eroica", and later he said to him: "I have come only to thank you, and say that I hope I shall live to conduct the "Funeral March" as well as you have done".

paragraph: Similar, if less extreme, reductions in tempi can be noted in many other works for which Klemperer left multiple recordings, at least in recordings from when he was in his late 70s and his 80s. For example:

paragraph: (a) Mozart's Symphony No. 38 "Prague", another Klemperer specialty. In his concert recording from December 1950 (when he was 65 years old) with the RIAS Berlin Orchestra the timings are I. 9:45 (with repeat timing omitted; the performance actually does take the repeat); II. 7:45; and III. 5.24. In his studio March, 1962 recording of the same work with the Philharmonia (recorded when he was 77 years old), the timings are notably slower: I. 10:53 (no repeat was taken); II. 8.58; III. 6:01. Unlike the late "Eroica", the 1962 "Prague" is not notably slow; rather, the 1950 recording is much faster than most recordings of the work, even by "historically informed" conductors.

paragraph: (b) Symphony No. 4 "Romantic" by Anton Bruckner (Haas edition with emendations). A 1947 concert recording with Concertgebouw Orchestra has timings of I. 14:03; II. 12:58; III. 10:11; and IV. 17.48. The EMI studio recording with the Philharmonia from 1963 has timings of I. 16:09; II; 14:00; III. 11.48; IV. 19:01. Again, the 1963 is not a notably slow performance, but the 1947 was quick. The March 1951 recording with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra was even quicker: I. 13:26; II. 11:56; III. 9:22; IV. 16:30.

paragraph: (c) Symphony No. 7, "Nachtlied" ("Song of the Night") by Gustav Mahler recorded for EMI in 1968. I. 27:43; II. 22:06; III. 10:27; IV. 15:41; V. 24:15. Klemperer's finale is particularly slow-paced at 24:15, where the average timing is approx. 17:30. Compare Klemperer's tempi with Sir Georg Solti for Decca (1971) at 16:29; James Levine for RCA (1982) at 17:45; Claudio Abbado for DG (2002) also at 17:45 and the Michael Tilson Thomas 2005 performance with the San Francisco SO at 18:05. "Thus, as you listen to this performance, it seems... to enclose you within its own world of evocative sound, a world that echoes... the world we may know, but remains a world transformed by imagination, remote, and complete within itself."

paragraph: Regardless of tempo, Klemperer's performances often maintain great intensity, and are richly detailed. Eric Grunin, in a commentary on the "opinions" page of his "Eroica Project", notes: "...The massiveness of the first movement of the "Eroica" is real, but is not its main claim on our attention. That honor goes to its astonishing story (structure), and what is to me most unique about Klemperer is that his understanding of the structure remains unchanged no matter what his tempo... ". The German works of Kurt Weill were amongst Klemperer's favorites and he encouraged Weill to compose the orchestral suite "Kleine Dreigroschenmusik".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Klemperer made many recordings that have become classics. Among those worthy of note are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bach: "St Matthew Passion" with Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Peter Pears, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Christa Ludwig, and Walter Berry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bach: Mass in B minor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bach: Brandenburg Concertos with the Philharmonia Orchestra on ΕΜΙ

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bartók: Viola Concerto (with William Primrose, and the Concertgebouw Orchestra, live version on Archiphon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven: Symphony cycles (notably the one from the mid-1950s on EMI)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 (recorded live, November 1957 and also in 1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven: "Fidelio" (both the live recording from Covent Garden on Testament, and the studio EMI recording)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven: "Missa solemnis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven: Piano Concertos Nos. 3-5, (with Claudio Arrau, live versions issued on Testament)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven: Piano Concertos Nos. 1-5, (with Daniel Barenboim, on EMI)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brahms: Symphony cycles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brahms: Violin Concerto, with David Oistrakh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brahms: "Ein deutsches Requiem", with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf and Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruckner: Symphony No. 4 in E-flat Major

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruckner: Symphony No. 6 in A Major

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruckner: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor with New York Philharmonic, 1934, and with New Philharmonia on EMI

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chopin: Piano Concerto No. 1 with Claudio Arrau, live version issued on Music & Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franck: Symphony in D minor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Handel: "Messiah", with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Grace Hoffman, Nicolai Gedda, and Jerome Hines

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haydn: Symphonies 88, 92, 95, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hindemith: "Nobilissima Visione Suite" (Kölner Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester, a 1954 version issued on Andante)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Janáček: "Sinfonietta" (a 1951 Concertgebouw Orchestra live version, released by Archiphon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahler: "Das Lied von der Erde", with Christa Ludwig and Fritz Wunderlich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahler: Symphony No. 2 in C Minor, "Resurrection", (1)1951 with Kathleen Ferrier & Jo Vincent; (2)1963 with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf & Hilde Rössel-Majdan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahler: Symphony No. 4 with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahler: Symphony No. 7, 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahler: Symphony No. 9

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mendelssohn: Symphonies Nos. 3-4

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night's Dream

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 25 (with Daniel Barenboim)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 25, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40 and 41

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mozart: "Don Giovanni" (live version issued on Testament)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mozart: "The Magic Flute", with Nicolai Gedda, Walter Berry, Gundula Janowitz, Lucia Popp, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf as the First Lady

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schoenberg: "Verklärte Nacht" (a 1955 live version with the Concertgebouw Orchestra, on Archiphon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schubert: Symphonies 5, 8 (Unfinished) and 9. Philharmonia Orchestra (EMI)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schumann: Symphonies 1-4, with the Philharmonia Orchestra. Klemperer was the first to record them integrally

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schumann: Piano Concerto (with Annie Fischer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stravinsky: "Petrushka"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stravinsky: "Pulcinella"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stravinsky: Symphony in Three Movements

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tchaikovsky: Symphonies Nos. 4, 5 and 6 with the Philharmonia Orchestra on EMI

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wagner: "The Flying Dutchman" (with Anja Silja)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wagner: "Siegfried Idyll" in the original chamber version with members of the Philharmonia Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Weill: "Kleine Dreigroschenmusik", 1931, 1967

paragraph: Klemperer conducted his own Symphony No 2 in a 1970 EMI recording (ASD 2575) that also included his seventh string quartet.

paragraph: A list of historical recordings of the Los Angeles Philharmonic with Klemperer conducting (including parts of the George Gershwin Memorial Concert at the Hollywood Bowl) can be found here: "Otto Klemperer conducting the Los Angeles Philharmonic"

paragraph: Klemperer's last recording, of Mozart's Serenade in E-flat, K.375, was made on September 28, 1971, the last time he led an orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Notes

paragraph: Sources

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beating Time: a play by Jim Grover about Klemperer

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Stanford Collection. A comprehensive film archive, collected by Dr Charles Barber

paragraph: BULLET::::- portrait of Otto Klemperer and Johanna Geisler by Nickolas Muray

paragraph: BULLET::::- František Sláma – Archive. More on the history of the Czech Philharmonic between the 1940s and the 1980s: "Conductors"

description: German conductor and composer

wikidata_label: Otto Klemperer

wikipedia_title: Otto Klemperer


text:
American
wrestler
1904 Summer Olympics
1908 Summer Olympics
Newark, New Jersey
profile

categories: Wrestlers at the 1908 Summer Olympics,Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics,Wrestlers at the 1904 Summer Olympics,1881 births,Olympic gold medalists for the United States in wrestling,1948 deaths,Medalists at the 1904 Summer Olympics,American male sport wrestlers,Sportspeople from Newark, New Jersey,Olympic wrestlers of the United States

paragraph: George Mehnert

paragraph: George Nicholas Mehnert (November 3, 1881 – July 8, 1948) was an American wrestler who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics and 1908 Summer Olympics. He was born in Newark, New Jersey.

paragraph: In 1904 he won a gold medal in flyweight category. Four years later he won a gold medal in freestyle bantamweight category. In winning the gold medal in 1908 he became the first American to win 2 Olympic gold medals in wrestling, and only one of three.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- profile

description: Olympic wrestler

wikidata_label: George Mehnert

wikipedia_title: George Mehnert


text:
Burg Hilpoltstein
Hiltpoltstein
Principality of Bayreuth
Ampelakia
Thessaly
Ottoman Greece
Karl Joachim Haller von Hallerstein
Carlsakademie
Stuttgart
Berliner Bauakademie
David Gilly
Nuremberg
Jakob Linkh
Peter Oluf Brøndsted
Otto Magnus von Stackelberg
Georg Koës
Athens
Naples
Corfu
Corinth
Charles Robert Cockerell
John Foster
temple of Aphaia
Aegina
Glyptothek
Bassae
relief frieze
Ithaka
Milos
Athens
Deutsches Archäologisches Institut

categories: German art historians,1774 births,German archaeologists,19th-century German architects,1817 deaths,Bavarian architects

paragraph: Carl Haller von Hallerstein

paragraph: Johann Carl Christoph Wilhelm Joachim Haller von Hallerstein (10 June 1774, Burg Hilpoltstein, Hiltpoltstein, Principality of Bayreuth – 5 November 1817, Ampelakia, Thessaly, Ottoman Greece) was a German architect, archaeologist and art historian.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in a bavarian noble family as son of Freigherr Karl Joachim Haller von Hallerstein and Sophie Amalie von Imhof. Hallerstein studied architecture at the Carlsakademie in Stuttgart and then at the Berliner Bauakademie under David Gilly. He was then engaged in 1806 as a royal building inspector in Nuremberg.

paragraph: He visited Rome in 1808 to study its early Christian architecture. In June 1810 he accompanied Jakob Linkh (1786–1841), Peter Oluf Brøndsted (1780-1842), Otto Magnus von Stackelberg (1787–1837) and Georg Koës (1782-1811) to Athens, via Naples, Corfu and Corinth. In 1811 in Athens he met the English architects Charles Robert Cockerell and John Foster (1758-1827), with whom he studied Athens's ancient buildings.

paragraph: In 1811 he, Linkh and von Stackelberg discovered the temple of Aphaia on the island of Aegina, a part of whose sculptures are in the Munich Glyptothek as a result. In the same year, von Hallerstein (with Cockerell, Gropius, Linckh, Stackelberg, Bröndsted and Foster) excavated the ruins of the temple of Apollo in Bassae, whose relief frieze was taken to the British Museum by Cockerell. Sadly Haller's drawings were lost at sea. Later he led yet more excavations on Ithaka and in the ruins of the theatre on Milos.

paragraph: Haller died in Thessaly in 1817 after catching a fever. He was temporarily buried there but then later moved to Athens.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klaus Frässle: "Carl Haller von Hallerstein (1774-1817)". Freiburg i.Br.: Univ., Philosoph. Fak., Dissertation 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hansgeorg Bankel: "Und die Erde gebar ein Lächeln: der erste deutsche Archäologe in Griechenland Carl Haller von Hallerstein 1774 - 1817". München: Süddeutscher Verlag, 1983. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hansgeorg Bankel: "Carl Haller von Hallerstein in Griechenland 1810 - 1817: Architekt, Zeichner, Bauforscher" (anlässl. d. Ausstellung Carl Haller von Hallerstein in Griechenland 1810 - 1817: München, Palais Preysing, 14. Februar - 15. März 1986; Nürnberg, Albrecht-Dürerhaus u. Fembohaus, 22. März - 11. Mai 1986; Berlin-Charlottenburg, Antikenmuseum SMPK, 14. Juni - 31. August 1986). Im Auftr. d. Carl-Haller-von-Hallerstein-Ges. hrsg. von Hansgeorg Bankel. Berlin: Reimer, 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. Lullies, W. Schiering (eds.): "Archäologenbildnisse: Porträts und Kurzbiographien von Klassischen Archäologen deutscher Sprache". Deutsches Archäologisches Institut. Mainz: von Zabern, 1988: 16–17.

description: German architect

wikidata_label: Carl Haller von Hallerstein

wikipedia_title: Carl Haller von Hallerstein


text:
courtesy name
pen name
Vietnam
Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
Hà Tây Province
Tang Dynasty
Annam Protectorate
Tang Shu
Xin Tang Shu

categories: 8th-century Vietnamese people,Tang dynasty rebels,802 deaths,Vietnamese monarchs,8th-century rulers in Asia,Vietnamese revolutionaries,761 births

paragraph: Phùng Hưng

paragraph: Phùng Hưng (馮興, 761–802) courtesy name Công Phấn (功奮) pen name Đô Quân (都君) was a military leader who briefly reigned over Vietnam during the 8th century.

paragraph: According to "Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư" (fascicle 6), Phùng Hưng, a native of Đường Lâm (in today's Hà Tây Province), was rich and possessed prodigious physical strength. In 791, Phùng Hưng and his brother, Phùng Hải, led a rebellion against the ruling Chinese Tang Dynasty. Taking the advice of Đỗ Anh Hàn, the Phùng brothers laid siege to the headquarters of the Annam Protectorate, which was managed by the corrupt officer, Cao Chính Bình (Gao Zhengping). Facing the crisis, Cao Chính Bình caught an illness and died shortly after. Phùng Hưng then became ruler of the Protectorate. He ruled for 11 years and was succeeded by his son Phùng An. Phùng Hưng was entitled Bố Cái Đại Vương by his son, and was defied by the people.

paragraph: Phùng Hưng is not mentioned in Tang works of history. In "Tang Shu" (fascicle 13) and "Xin Tang Shu" (fascicle 7), the rebellion is said to have been led by Đỗ Anh Hàn.

paragraph: As to his posthumous title, which means “Great King” in Chinese, Phùng Hưng's title represented two Viet Han words. The title "Bố Cái" is equivalent to “Father and Mother” (i.e. as respectable as one’s parents), but they may also represent "Vua Cái", “Great King” (i.e. the meaning is expressed in two different languages).

description: Military leader who briefly reigned over Vietnam

wikidata_label: Phung Hung

wikipedia_title: Phùng Hưng


text:
London
Srinagar
occultist
Aleister Crowley
Thoth tarot deck
Percy Harris
Liberal Party
Chief Whip
baronet
style
Jack
Clifford Bax
Rudolf Steiner
Anthroposophy
Hyde Park Crescent
Goethe
A∴A∴
Thelemic
Ordo Templi Orientis
Co-Masonry
I Ching
William Holt
Jermyn Street
Piccadilly
occult
Book of Thoth
limited edition
Gerald Gardner
Karl Germer
executors
Srinagar
Gerald Yorke
Warburg Institute
New Aeon
City of the Pyramids

categories: Members of Ordo Templi Orientis,English Thelemites,1962 deaths,1877 births,Tarotologists

paragraph: Lady Frieda Harris

paragraph: Marguerite Frieda Harris (née Bloxam, 1877, London, England — 11 May 1962, Srinagar, India) was an artist and, in later life, an associate of the occultist Aleister Crowley. She is best known for her design of Crowley's Thoth tarot deck.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Frieda Bloxam was a daughter of surgeon John Astley Bloxam, F.R.C.S. She married Percy Harris in April 1901. Percy Harris served as a Liberal Party MP 1916-18 and 1922–45, and was Chief Whip for his party. After her husband was created a baronet in 1932 she was entitled to style herself Lady Harris but preferred to use Lady Frieda Harris.

paragraph: Frieda and Percy Harris had two sons: Jack (born 1906, later Sir Jack Harris) and Thomas (born 1908).

paragraph: Section::::Introduction to Crowley.

paragraph: Aleister Crowley had asked playwright and author Clifford Bax to help him find an artist for a Tarot project. On 9 June 1937 Bax invited Frieda Harris after two artists did not show up for an appointment. She was then aged 60.

paragraph: As well as reading books by Crowley, Harris' study of Rudolf Steiner's Anthroposophy was to be a critical aspect in the creation of the Thoth deck. Crowley's friend Greta Valentine, a London socialite, also knew Harris. Harris and Crowley did much of their work on the Thoth tarot deck at Valentine's house in Hyde Park Crescent, London.

paragraph: In 1937 Harris began taking lessons in projective synthetic geometry, based upon the ideas of Goethe as reflected in the teachings of Steiner, from Olive Whicher and George Adams.

paragraph: John Symonds writes:

paragraph: [Crowley] helped her through the portals of the mystical Order of the A∴A∴ (Argenteum Astrum) She took the name of Tzaba "Hosts", which adds up to 93, the number of the Thelemic current which she was trying to tap."

paragraph: According to Crowley's unpublished "Society of Hidden Masters", on 11 May 1938, Lady Harris became his "disciple" and also became a member of Ordo Templi Orientis, entering directly to the IV° (Fourth Degree) of that Order due to her previous initiation into Co-Masonry.

paragraph: Crowley also began to teach her divination - she had a choice of discipline and opted for the I Ching:

paragraph: "The Yi was your own choice from several. I approved highly, because it is the key to the kind of painting after which you were groping when I met you." ...

paragraph: "If you are to make a new mark in art, you need a new mind, a mind enlightened from the Supernal Triangle."

paragraph: Section::::Harris visits Crowley.

paragraph: The author William Holt in his autobiography describes how he accompanied Harris to Crowley's lodgings at 93 Jermyn Street, Piccadilly. While Harris drew some charcoal sketches, there was a discussion on "The Book of Thoth" that Crowley was writing.

paragraph: Section::::Creating the Tarot.

paragraph: By Crowley's own admission, the deck was originally intended to be traditional but Harris encouraged him to commit his occult, magical, spiritual and scientific views to the project.

paragraph: Harris sent Crowley a regular stipend throughout the project. She also used her society contacts to find financial backers for the exhibition of the paintings, the catalogues, and for the publication of the Tarot deck. The pressure may have taken its toll on Harris and Crowley was sufficiently concerned to call in the lawyers to protect his 66% investment in the project. Crowley gives Harris praise in the introduction to the "Book of Thoth":

paragraph: She devoted her genius to the Work. With incredible rapidity she picked up the rhythm, and with inexhaustible patience submitted to the correction of the fanatical slave-driver that she had invoked, often painting the same card as many as eight times until it measured up to his Vanadium Steel yardstick!

paragraph: Throughout the project she insisted on her own anonymity but she revelled in working for such a notorious man. The "Book of Thoth" was then published in a 200 copy limited edition, but neither Crowley or Harris lived to see the deck itself printed.

paragraph: Section::::Crowley's last days.

paragraph: The surviving letters between Frieda Harris and Crowley show the level of their devotion to each other. On 29 May 1942 Crowley wrote to Pearson, the photoengraver of the Thoth deck:

paragraph: I should like to emphasise that I am absolutely devoted to Lady Harris, and have the evidence of countless acts of kindness on her part, indicating that her feelings toward me are similar.

paragraph: There is a break in the Harris - Crowley letters after the exhibition in July 1942 but she was in close contact with him, particularly towards the end of his life, and visited him frequently. A pencil sketch she made of Crowley on his deathbed survives.

paragraph: After Crowley's death she wrote to Frederic Mellinger, an O.T.O. member in Germany, on 7 December 1947:

paragraph: He was well taken care of. I made him have a nurse about 3 months ago as he was dirty & neglected & he had Watson who was most devoted & the Symonds were as nice as they knew how to be. At the last Mrs. McAlpine & the boy were there. I saw him the day he died, but he did not recognize me. I think Mrs. McAlpine was with him but she says there was no struggle, just stopped breathing

paragraph: I shall miss him terribly

paragraph: An irreplaceable loss

paragraph: Love is the law, love under will

paragraph: Yours Sincerely

paragraph: Frieda Harris

paragraph: She also corresponded with Gerald Gardner and Karl Germer, Crowley's successor as head of O.T.O., in an attempt to assist with the Order's structure in Europe, which had been thrown into some confusion after Crowley's death.

paragraph: Frieda Harris and Louis Wilkinson were the executors of Crowley's Will.

paragraph: Section::::After Crowley.

paragraph: Harris had plans to do a lecture tour in the United States and exhibit the original paintings of the Thoth tarot deck in 1948 but this never materialised.

paragraph: After her husband's death in 1952, she moved to India. She died in Srinagar on 11 May 1962. She bequeathed the original paintings of her Tarot cards to fellow Thelemite Gerald Yorke, who in turned placed them with the Warburg Institute along with much other Crowley material that he had collected over the years. However, Yorke retained several alternative versions of the cards and some preliminary studies which he later sold through bookdealer Harold Mortlake.

paragraph: Her legacy can be found in a later reprinting of "The Book of Thoth":

paragraph: May the passionate "love under will" which she has stored in this Treasury of Truth and Beauty flow forth from the Splendour and Strength of her work to enlighten the world; may this Tarot serve as a chart for the bold seamen of the New Aeon, to guide them across the Great Sea of Understanding to the City of the Pyramids!

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Frieda Harris

wikipedia_title: Lady Frieda Harris


text:
footballer
defender
Senegal
Aliou Cissé
Dakar
Senegal
Olympique Lyon
Stade Rennais
Marseille
Toulouse FC
2004/2005
2005/2006
St. Étienne
Beşiktaş J.K.
Premier League
Reading
Stoke City
Hamilton Academical
Al-Ahli Sports Club
Al-Ahli Sports Club
Étoile Sportive du Sahel
CLP-1
Doncaster Rovers
El Hadji Diouf
Habib Beye
Senegal
2002 FIFA World Cup
French Ligue 1 championship
Olympique Lyonnais

categories: AS Saint-Étienne players,Süper Lig players,2004 African Cup of Nations players,Doncaster Rovers F.C. players,Olympique Lyonnais players,Ligue 1 players,French people of Senegalese descent,English Football League players,2008 Africa Cup of Nations players,Senegalese expatriate footballers,Association football central defenders,Toulouse FC players,Stade Rennais F.C. players,Beşiktaş J.K. footballers,Olympique de Marseille players,Premier League players,Expatriate footballers in Tunisia,Expatriate footballers in England,French footballers,Expatriate footballers in Scotland,Expatriate footballers in Qatar,2002 African Cup of Nations players,2002 FIFA World Cup players,1975 births,Expatriate footballers in France,Hamilton Academical F.C. players,Newcastle United F.C. players,Living people,Expatriate footballers in Turkey,2006 Africa Cup of Nations players,Senegal international footballers,Al Ahli SC (Doha) players,Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in England,Sportspeople from Dakar,Senegalese footballers

paragraph: Lamine Diatta

paragraph: Lamine Diatta (born 2 July 1975) is a retired Senegalese footballer who played as a defender. He is the current team coordinator of Senegal, appointed by head coach Aliou Cissé in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Dakar, Senegal, Diatta moved to France when he was only one year old. He was the holding force in the centre of Senegal's defence, and is also tough in the air, which provides a threat in attacking set-pieces.

paragraph: Before moving to Olympique Lyon in 2004, Diatta played 142 games for Stade Rennais, scoring 9 goals in that time. Before his time at Rennes, he was at Marseille, but never actually played a game for them. Diatta's first club was Toulouse FC. He spent one season there and played 25 games without scoring. In his first year (2004/2005) with Lyon he played 19 games. During his second year (2005/2006) at Lyon, he was troubled with injury and only makes 13 appearances also without goals. On August 2006, he left Lyon on free transfer in search for regular team football, settling at St. Étienne.

paragraph: On 7 March 2008, after a week's trial at Newcastle United, Diatta agreed to a short-term deal until the end of the season after buying out his contract at Beşiktaş J.K.. The deal was finally confirmed by the club on 14 March after a week of confusion. He made his first team debut for Newcastle as a substitute in a Premier League match against Reading on 5 April but was released on 15 May.

paragraph: Diatta joined Stoke City on trial in January 2009. On 20 March, however, he signed for Hamilton Academical on a short-term deal until the end of the season.

paragraph: After just one month, on 25 April, the 33-year-old Senegalese defender left Hamilton to join Al-Ahli Sports Club in Qatar.

paragraph: Without a club since his release from Al-Ahli Sports Club he participated in trials in Singapore without being snapped up by a club.

paragraph: He then joined Étoile Sportive du Sahel of the CLP-1 in Tunisia.

paragraph: In December 2011 he signed a short-term deal with Championship team Doncaster Rovers, where fellow countrymen El Hadji Diouf and Habib Beye also play for the club.

paragraph: Section::::International.

paragraph: Being the Senegal's captain, he has played 71 games for his national side, scoring four goals. He also played in all of Senegal's matches in the 2002 FIFA World Cup.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner of French Ligue 1 championship in 2005 and 2006 with Olympique Lyonnais.

description: Senegalese footballer

wikidata_label: Lamine Diatta

wikipedia_title: Lamine Diatta


text: O.S.

text: Russian

text: Soviet

text: film director

text: screenwriter

text: cinema of Russia

text: Russian SFSR

text: Uzbek SSR

text: Russian

text: merchantry social class

text: hereditary distinguished citizen

text: Kiev

text: Bronnitsy

text: Old Believers

text: Sidor Shibaev

text: oil

text: Muscovite

text: Institute for Noble Maidens

text: Sadovsky theatrical family

text: Moscow Commercial College

text: France

text: Italy

text: Alexander Pushkin

text: Departure of a Grand Old Man

text: Leo Tolstoy

text: Joseph N. Ermolieff

text: The Queen of Spades

text: Father Sergius

text: Ivan Mozhukhin

text: Europe

text: Russian Civil War

text: French

text: German

text: Aelita

text: Alexei Tolstoy

text: novel

text: The Tailor from Torzhok

text: Igor Ilyinsky

text: Mikhail Zharov

text: Anatoli Ktorov

text: Vera Maretskaya

text: Yuliya Solntseva

text: Georgy Millyar

text: Serafima Birman

text: Nikolai Batalov

text: Mikhail Klimov

text: fairy tale

text: Alexander Rou

text: The White Eagle

text: Vsevolod Meyerhold

text: Vasili Kachalov

text: Alexander Ostrovsky

text: Without Dowry

text: Maly Theatre

text: Great Patriotic War

text: Tashkent

text: Mosfilm

text: Lenfilm

text: Nasreddin in Bukhara

text: Alexander Ostrovsky

text: Wolves and Sheep

text: War and Peace

text: Oliver Twist

text: Novodevichy Cemetery

text: Departure of a Grand Old Man

text: The Queen of Spades

text: Satan Triumphant

text: Father Sergius

text: The Pilgrimage of Love

text: Aelita

text: The Tailor from Torzhok

text: His Call

text: The Case of the Three Million

text: Man from the Restaurant

text: The Forty-first

text: Don Diego and Pelagia

text: The White Eagle

text: Ranks and People

text: Mikhail Doller

text: St. Jorgen's Day

text: Tommy

text: Marionettes

text: About Oddities of Love

text: Without Dowry

text: Salavat Yulayev

text: Nasreddin in Bukhara

text: Remembering Uncle Yasha

text: Union of Cinematographers

categories: Science fiction film directors,Russian screenwriters,Silent film directors,Male screenwriters,1881 births,Soviet film directors,Soviet screenwriters,1945 deaths,Russian film directors,White Russian emigrants to France,Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery

image: 512px-Портрет_Я._Протазанова_(Зальцер).jpg

paragraph: Yakov Protazanov

paragraph: Yakov Alexandrovich Protazanov (; February 4 (O.S. January 23), 1881 – August 8, 1945) was a Russian and Soviet film director and screenwriter, and one of the founding fathers of cinema of Russia. He was an Honored Artist of the Russian SFSR (1935) and Uzbek SSR (1944).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in the Vinokurov family estate to educated Russian parents, both of whom belonged to the merchantry social class. His father Alexander Savvich Protazanov came from a long generation of merchants and was a hereditary distinguished citizen of Kiev (an inherited privilege first granted to Yakov's great-grandfather, a merchant also named Yakov Protazanov who moved with his family to Kiev from Bronnitsy). Alexander worked with the Shibaev brothers of the family of Old Believers whose father Sidor Shibaev was among the pioneers of the oil industry.

paragraph: Yakov's mother Elizaveta Mikhailovna Protazanova ("nee" Vinokurova) was a native Muscovite. She finished the Elizabeth Institute for Noble Maidens. Her brother Mikhail Vinokurov was close friends with the Sadovsky theatrical family and made a great impact on young Protazanov.

paragraph: In 1900 Yakov graduated from the Moscow Commercial College and started working as a merchant, although he wasn't happy about his choice of profession. In 1904 he left Russia and spent several years in France and Italy, self-educating. After his return in 1906 Protazanov joined the Gloria film company in Moscow as a screenwriter and director's assistant. He also met his future wife there — Frida Vasilievna Kennike, who happened to be a sister of one of the Gloria's co-founders.

paragraph: In 1910 Gloria became part of the cinema factory headed by Paul Thiemann and Friedrich Reinhardt. Protazanov was finally given a director's chair, although, according to his memories, he took part in basically every filming process, including cinematography, stage property and bookkeeping. His most notable works of that period are "The Song of the Prophet Oleg" based on Alexander Pushkin's poem and "Departure of a Grand Old Man" about the last days of Leo Tolstoy. In 1914 he joined Joseph N. Ermolieff's film studio where he worked up till his emigration in 1920.

paragraph: In the period between 1911 and 1920 Protazanov wrote and directed some 80 features, including "The Queen of Spades" (1916) and "Father Sergius" (1917), which have been acclaimed as his masterpieces. Ivan Mozhukhin starred in many of his early films.

paragraph: He emigrated to Europe in 1920 following the Russian Civil War along with Ermolieff's group where he worked at various French- and German-based film studios. He returned to Russia in 1923. The following year he produced "Aelita" based on Alexei Tolstoy's novel. It was one of the first science fiction movies to depict a space flight and an alien society.

paragraph: His next film "The Tailor from Torzhok" was released to a great success and established him as one of the leading comedy directors. He discovered many talents, such as Igor Ilyinsky, Mikhail Zharov, Anatoli Ktorov, Vera Maretskaya, Yuliya Solntseva, Georgy Millyar, Serafima Birman, Nikolai Batalov and Mikhail Klimov. One of the most popular Russian fairy tale directors Alexander Rou also started as Protazanov's assistant.

paragraph: In 1928 he directed "The White Eagle" that featured Vsevolod Meyerhold and Vasili Kachalov in the leading roles — one of their rare appearances on the big screen. His last acclaimed feature was a screen version of Alexander Ostrovsky's play "Without Dowry" in 1937. The cast featured many celebrated actors from the Maly Theatre.

paragraph: During the Great Patriotic War he was evacuated to Tashkent along with some other members of Mosfilm and Lenfilm. Around the same time his health started declining; on his way to Tashkent he suffered a heart-attack. He managed to produce only one more movie — "Nasreddin in Bukhara" (1943). His only son Georgy was killed in one of the final battles, which also affected Protazanov. He spent his last days working on the adaptation of Alexander Ostrovsky's comedy play "Wolves and Sheep". Among his other plans were film adaptations of "War and Peace" and "Oliver Twist".

paragraph: Protazanov died on August 8, 1945 and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery. He was survived by his wife Frida and his elder sisters - Lidia Aristova, Valentina Protazanova and Nina Anjaparidze.

paragraph: Section::::Tribute to Yakov Protazanov.

paragraph: In 2014, The Silent Film Festival in Pordenone, Italy -

paragraph: "RUSSIAN LAUGHS", the silent comedies of Yakov Protazanov, the exhibition curated by Peter Bagrov and Natalia Noussinova, the translation of the Italian-language film has been entrusted by Vladislav Shabalin...

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Departure of a Grand Old Man" (1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Queen of Spades" (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Satan Triumphant" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Father Sergius" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pilgrimage of Love" (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aelita" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tailor from Torzhok" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "His Call" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Case of the Three Million" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Man from the Restaurant" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Forty-first" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Don Diego and Pelagia" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The White Eagle" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ranks and People" (1929); co-directed with Mikhail Doller

paragraph: BULLET::::- "St. Jorgen's Day" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tommy" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marionettes" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "About Oddities of Love" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Without Dowry" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Salavat Yulayev" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nasreddin in Bukhara" (1943)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- English biography - Ian Christie in KinoKultura

paragraph: BULLET::::- Remembering Uncle Yasha interview in the Union of Cinematographers Newspaper, 2011 (in Russian)

description: Russian film director and screenwriter (1881–1945)

wikidata_label: Yakov Protazanov

wikipedia_title: Yakov Protazanov


text:
Sephardi
Hakham
dayan
av beit din
Tripoli
Libya
Safed
Palestine
shadar
halakhic
minhag
Nathan Adadi
shadar
Mas'ud Hai Rakkah
Safed
yeshiva
Yosef Karo
rabbinic ordination
Safed earthquake of 1837
rosh yeshiva
takkanah
Jacob Rakkah
Saul
Shabbat
Sivan
Tannaim
Amoraim
minhag
Torah scroll
Brooklyn
responsa
Shulchan Aruch
Yad Ben Zvi
"HaShomer Emet"
"Vayikra Avraham"

categories: Rabbis in Safed,19th-century Sephardi Jews,People from Tripoli,1801 births,People from Safed,Libyan rabbis

paragraph: Abraham Hayyim Adadi

paragraph: Abraham Hayyim Adadi (, 1801 – June 13, 1874) was a Sephardi Hakham, "dayan" (rabbinical court judge), "av beit din" (head of the rabbinical court), and senior rabbi of the 19th-century Jewish community of Tripoli, Libya. In his younger years, he lived in Safed, Palestine, and traveled to Jewish communities in the Middle East and North Africa as a "shadar" (rabbinical emissary) to raise funds for the Safed community. He returned to Safed a few years before his death and was buried there. He published several "halakhic" works and also recorded the local "minhagim" (customs) of Tripoli and Safed, providing a valuable resource for scholars and historians.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Abraham Hayyim Adadi was born in Tripoli to Mas'ud Hai Adadi, the son of Hakham Nathan Adadi. Nathan Adadi was originally from Palestine; he came to Tripoli as a "shadar" (rabbinical emissary) and stayed to learn under Hakham Mas'ud Hai Rakkah, one of the leading rabbis of Libyan Jewry in the 18th century. He married his teacher's daughter and had one son, Mas'ud Hai Adadi. Abraham Hayyim was orphaned of both his parents at a young age and was raised by his grandfather.

paragraph: In 1818 Adadi accompanied his grandfather to Palestine, where they settled in Safed. His grandfather died that same year. The 18-year-old Abraham Hayyim enrolled in the yeshiva of Rabbi Yosef Karo, received rabbinic ordination, and studied to become a "dayan" (rabbinical court judge).

paragraph: In 1830 he was appointed as a "shadar" to raise funds on behalf of the Safed Jewish community. He traveled to Jewish communities in Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, and Livorno, Italy. He was in Livorno at the time of the devastating Safed earthquake of 1837, and decided to return to his native Tripoli. He served the Tripoli Jewish community as a rav, "dayan", "av beit din", and rosh yeshiva over the next 30 years. He was regarded as the senior rabbi in Tripoli.

paragraph: Adadi paid special attention to the education of children of Torah scholars and children of the poor. Together with other rabbis, he signed a "takkanah" calling for each member of the community to contribute 3/1,000th of their income toward youth education. He also appointed a special overseer for the needs of the poor, and levied a 5 percent tax on local merchants to pay for teachers for poor children.

paragraph: In 1862 Adadi published the second volume of his great-grandfather Mas'ud Hai Rakkaḥ's halakhic work, "Ma'aseh Rokeaḥ". His cousin and contemporary, Hakham Jacob Rakkah, a great-great-grandson of Mas'ud Hai Rakkaḥ, published the third volume of "Ma'aseh Rokeaḥ" in 1863.

paragraph: In 1870, at the age of 70, Adadi returned to Safed with his wife, while his son, Saul, remained in Tripoli. Adadi died in Safed on Shabbat, June 13, 1874 (28 Sivan 5634), and was buried in the rabbinical section of the Safed cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Adadi was recognized as an expert in Talmud study, displaying an understanding of both the text and the historical differences between the writings of the Tannaim and Amoraim. He also recorded the history and "minhagim" (customs) of the Jewish communities of Tripoli and Safed in his books, providing a valuable resource for scholars and historians. In his first work, "HaShomer Emet" (1849), he included a poem that he had written in praise of the city of Safed.

paragraph: His main works are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "HaShomer Emet" (The True Guardian), on the laws and customs of writing a Torah scroll. Published 1849 in Livorno, reprinted together with "Vayikra Avraham" in 1992 in Brooklyn, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vayikra Avraham" (And Abraham Called), responsa on the four sections of the Shulchan Aruch. Published 1865 in Livorno, reprinted 1983 in Jerusalem. Appendices in this work include "Sdeh Migrash" on divorce and "Yosef Amar", a description of Libyan Jewish customs.

paragraph: His handwritten manuscripts containing Talmudic novellae and "drashot" (sermons) are preserved at the Yad Ben Zvi institute in Jerusalem.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "HaShomer Emet" at Hebrewbooks.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vayikra Avraham" at Hebrewbooks.org

description: Libyan rabbi

wikidata_label: Abraham Hayyim Adadi

wikipedia_title: Abraham Hayyim Adadi


text: Victoria

text: Berlin

text: Victoria, Australia

text: Rutherglen

text: Taradale

text: Carlton

text: Prahran

text: Preston

text: landscape photography

text: Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition

text: first Aboriginal cricket team

text: Aboriginal Protection Board

text: Coranderrk Aboriginal Mission Station

text: Geelong

text: Corio Bay

text: Yan Yean Waterworks

text: Colonial and Indian Exhibition

text: Governor

text: Queenscliff

text: National Gallery of Victoria

categories: Australian photographers,Indigenous rights,German emigrants to Australia,Landscape photographers,1831 births,1888 deaths

paragraph: Fred Kruger

paragraph: Fred Kruger (born Johan Friedrich Carl Kruger, 18 April 1831 – 15 February 1888) was a German-born photographer noted for his early photography of landscape and indigenous peoples in Victoria, Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Migration to Australia from Germany.

paragraph: Kruger was born of a working-class family on 18 April 1831 at 16 Steingassestrasse, Berlin, Germany, and was baptised Johān Friedrich Carl Krüger. He traded as an upholsterer and in 1858 married Auguste Wilhelmine Elisabeth Bauman at Friedrichwerder Church in Berlin. His wife and son migrated to Victoria, Australia, arriving 23 April 1863, as he is thought to have made the journey earlier to partner in the furniture business established his brother Bernard at Rutherglen in 1854. Kruger subsequently became the sole owner of the furniture business, but then had it sold before 1866 when he set up as cabinetmaker in Taradale.

paragraph: Section::::Photographic career.

paragraph: Later in 1866, Kruger first registered his photography business at 133 Cardigan Street, Carlton, Melbourne, before moving it in August 1867 to High Street, Prahran, Melbourne, continuing there until 1871, then relocating in Preston to High Street and again to Regent Street in that suburb.

paragraph: During this period, Kruger was achieving international recognition for his landscape photography, including the award of medals from both the 1872 Vienna Exhibition and the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition. He became the first photographer to take group photos of the first Aboriginal cricket team in 1866, which became one of his most recognised images, and was subsequently commissioned in 1877 by the Aboriginal Protection Board to create a collection of work including portraits of the Aborigines at the Coranderrk Aboriginal Mission Station, which was made public in 1883. Kruger won more awards; a gold medal for the best collection of landscape views and another, for the best panoramic view of Geelong, at the Geelong Industrial and Juvenile Exhibition in 1879.

paragraph: In March 1879 Kruger was photographing groups of Geelong residents, ensuring each person could easily be identified in his detailed views, as he did when photographing the Corio Bay rowing crew in November 1879.

paragraph: Kruger then settled in Geelong permanently, and his photography studio is registered on 29 December 1887 at Skene Street, in the Geelong suburb of Newtown. He created a collection in 1880 of twelve views of the streets and buildings of Geelong, winning him an award at the Melbourne International Exhibition (1880). The government of Victoria engaged him to photograph the Yan Yean Waterworks for the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London. Kruger gained commissions from house owners to photograph their homes, most famous of which was from Lady Loch, the wife of the Governor.

paragraph: Kruger made three visits to the Queenscliff region in 1881, 1882 and 1885, capturing views to include the buildings of the settlement and its marine setting.

paragraph: On 15 February 1888, Kruger died of peritonitis (inflammation of the membranes of abdominal wall and organs). Large holdings of his work have been showcased at the National Gallery of Victoria.

paragraph: Section::::Projects and exhibitions.

paragraph: Kruger’s work has been showcased all over the world. One of his most famous pieces of work was the very first group photo of the Aboriginal cricket team, this piece of work was named "Aboriginal Cricketers of Coranderrk", taken in 1866. He had also taken portraits at his studio of the three managers of the Aboriginal cricket team. Kruger has done many works involving views and landscapes, gaining huge recognition for his work as a landscape photographer. Kruger’s main work was as a landscape photographer and did many different views around the area of his residence, evidently winning numerous awards for his work in Geelong.

paragraph: A comprehensive exhibition "Fred Kruger: Intimate Landscapes" was held at the from 4 February to 8 July 2012, featuring over 100 of Kruger’s prints, some of the images showing popular towns, building and streets familiar to many Victorians. Some images depicting the Esplanade at Queenscliff, Point Lonsdale and the You Yangs, and plenty more locations and scenes around Victoria. This collection also shows of how Kruger used a type of photographic language to show the social and political standards of Victoria in the mid to late 1800s. This collection of images displays how the Europeans changed the environment and made Australia more advanced while also keeping the nature shown in his images.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1872 Vienna exhibition in Austria: Gold Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1876 Philadelphia Centennial exhibition, Gold Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1879 Geelong Industrial and Juvenile exhibition

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1880 Geelong Industrial and Juvenile exhibition

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1880 Melbourne International exhibition

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1886 Colonial and Indian exhibition

description: German photographer

wikidata_label: Fred Kruger

wikipedia_title: Fred Kruger


text:
King Wen of Zhou
ancient China
Yu the Great
Xia Dynasty
King Wu of Zhou
Zhou Dynasty
Duke of Zhou
Wu Zetian
temple name
Heyang County
Shaanxi Province
Han Dynasty
Sima Qian
State of Qi
Henan Province
Wei River
Guan Ju
Book of Songs
Wei River

categories: Zhou dynasty nobility,11th-century BC Chinese people,11th-century BC women,Ancient Chinese women

paragraph: Tai Si

paragraph: Tai Si (, c. 12th – 11th century BC) was the wife of King Wen of Zhou and is revered as a highly respected woman of ancient China. She was a descendant of Yu the Great - founder of the Xia Dynasty - and was the mother of ten sons, including King Wu of Zhou - founder of the Zhou Dynasty - and his younger brother the Duke of Zhou.

paragraph: Particularly respected by Wu Zetian, China's only Empress regnant, Tai Si and King Wen were posthumously given the temple names "Shizu" () in 690 AD.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Tai Si is said to be born in the Youxin clan () of the ancestral name Si, from what is now Heyang County, Shaanxi Province. Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian wrote that she was originally from the older State of Qi or State of Zeng, both in and around modern-day Henan Province.

paragraph: The traditional story regarding Tai Si's rise to queen says that the future King Wen of Zhou, born Chang, was walking along the banks of the Wei River one day when he first met Tai Si. Her beauty so captivated Chang that he initially thought she was a goddess or angel. Tai Si proved a woman of benevolence, wisdom, and simple tastes, and Chang decided to take her as his wife. Because the Wei River was not bridged, Chang set out to build one by constructing a number of boats that were arranged end-to-end to form a floating path across the river. Tai Si was impressed, and they were married.

paragraph: After Tai Si joined her husband's family, she is said to have quickly gained favor with the other women of the royal family through her diligent work ethic and demeanor. She and the king had ten sons together, and Tai Si is said to have been an exceptional teacher and mother, such that all of the sons were men of upright virtue and wisdom.

paragraph: Section::::In literature.

paragraph: "Guan Ju", the famous opening song of the Book of Songs, with its opening description of a beautiful maiden plucking plants along a river bank who is loved by a young prince, is said by some to be originally about Tai Si and the prince's first meeting along the Wei River.

description: wife of King Wen of Zhou

wikidata_label: Tai Si

wikipedia_title: Tai Si


text: Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation

text: Rotonda de las Personas Ilustres

text: Jiménez Municipality

text: Tamaulipas

text: Padilla

text: Ciudad Victoria

text: Mexico City

text: National Conservatory of Music

text: suffrage

text: Inter-American Commission of Women

text: United Nations

text: Dominican Republic

text: Organization of American States

text: PRI

text: Lopez Mateos

text: Secretariat of Public Education

text: Mexico City

categories: Suffragists,1898 births,Mexican women diplomats,Mexican feminist writers,Ambassadors of Mexico to Sweden,Women ambassadors,Women columnists,National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni,Ambassadors of Mexico to Switzerland,People from Tamaulipas,Mexican women writers,Mexican feminists,Mexican columnists,Ambassadors of Mexico to Finland,Mexican communists,1986 deaths

paragraph: Amalia González Caballero de Castillo Ledón (1898 - 1986) was a diplomat, cabinet minister, minister plenipotentiary, writer, president of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, and the first female member of a presidential cabinet. After studying at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, she distinguished herself by fighting in favor of women. She was founder and chair of Club Internacional de Mujeres (1932) and the Ateneo Mexicano de Mujeres (1937). She also founded the Teatro de Masas. In the early 1940s, she was associated with the journal "Hogar" and in 1946-52, Castillo Ledón was a columnist for "Excelsior". She worked for securing women's voting in 1952. Since 2012, her remains rest in the Rotonda de las Personas Ilustres.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Amalia González Caballero was born on 18 August 1898 in the San Jerónimo neighborhood of Santander Jiménez, located in the Jiménez Municipality of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico to Vicente González Garcilazo and Doña María

paragraph: Caballero Garza. She completed primary school in Padilla and then moved to Ciudad Victoria where she attended the Teacher's Normal School and graduated with teaching credentials. Her family moved to Mexico City and González continued her education at the School of Higher Studies and the National Conservatory of Music. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree, later enrolled in the Escuela Superior to study English, and married the historian . She founded the Teatro de Masas and began publishing her writings with the release of "Cuando las hojas caen" in 1929.

paragraph: She was founder and chair of Club Internacional de Mujeres (1932) and the Ateneo Mexicano de Mujeres (1937) both of which were organized to help secure suffrage for Mexican women. In 1939, she was named as the representative for Mexico to the Inter-American Commission of Women (CIM). In the early 1940s, she was associated with the journal "Hogar" and in 1946-52, González was a columnist for "Excelsior". She sponsored the creation of comedy theaters and acted in the first season. She also organized the company to present "recreaciones populares" (popular recreations), giving short theatrical performances in gardens, employment facilities, penal establishments and schools. They also gave such performances in tents in some of the populous slum areas.

paragraph: In 1945, she served on the delegation that went to San Francisco to develop the Charter of the United Nations and pushed for the explicit recognition by the UN of the equality between women and men by lobbying Latin American delegates. In 1946, the Dominican Republic awarded her the Juan Pablo Duarte Decoration for her international service. In 1947, González was elected president of the CIM, and as such, when the organization moved under the umbrella of the Organization of American States (OAS), she helped draft the procedures for incorporating CIM into the OAS. In 1948, she became president of the women's section of the Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM) which became the PRI and worked for securing women's right to vote, which was finally obtained in 1952 after González led a signature, collecting 20,000 names.

paragraph: She was Mexico's first female ambassador serving in many posts, including Sweden (1953), Switzerland (1957), Finland (1959), Austria (1965 to 1970) and the United Nations (1965). In the 1960s, Lopez Mateos appointed her as the Undersecretary of Cultural Affairs of the Secretariat of Public Education, making her the first woman to hold that rank. In 1965 González was appointed as a Representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency and in 1980, she became an advisor to the Mexican Secretariat of Tourism.

paragraph: She died on 2 June, 1986 in Mexico City, Mexico. In 2012, her remains were removed to the Rotunda of Illustrious Persons.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Essays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cuatro estancias poéticas" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Viena, sitial de la música de todos los tiempos"

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Drama.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cuando las hojas caen" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cubos de Noria" ( 1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coqueta" (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bajo el mismo techo" (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peligro - Deshielo" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La verdad escondida" (1963)

alias: Amalia Gonzalez Caballero de Castillo Ledon

description: Mexican politician and diplomat


text: guitar

text: Robert Bouchet

text: Antonio Torres

text: Making of Classical Guitars (in French)

paragraph: Victor Bedikian

paragraph: Victor Bedikian is a French guitar maker

paragraph: Bedikian worked with Robert Bouchet to learn the style of Antonio Torres, a Spanish guitar maker from the 19th century. Bedikian create his first guitar by 1965 and had a workshop in Paris by 1977, where Bouchet would often visit. Bedikian is now retired.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guitare Classique article about Victor Bedikian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Making of Classical Guitars (in French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Makers and Guitars of France (in French)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Guitare in France (in French)

description: guitar maker

wikidata_label: Victor Bedikian

wikipedia_title: Victor Bedikian


text:
House of Piast
Czersk
Dobrzyń
Sieradz
Konrad I of Masovia
Agafia of Rus
Płock
Jan Czapla
Łęczyca
Casimir I
Bolesław I
Kievan Rus'
Yotvingia
Teutonic Order
Baltic
Daniel of Halych
Vasilko
Bolesław V the Chaste
Raciąż
komtur
Włocławek
Troszyn
Pope Alexander IV
Lithuania
Kraków
Stanislaus of Szczepanów
Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerelia-Gdańsk
Bolesław the Pious
Pomerania
Przedbórz
Leszek II the Black
Mindaugas
Płock
Vistula
Jazdów
Shvarn
Pereyaslava
Daniel of Halych
Konrad II
Bolesław II

categories: Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca,Dukes of Masovia,1262 deaths,1215 births

paragraph: Siemowit I of Masovia

paragraph: Siemowit I of Masovia () (c. 1224/28 – 23 June 1262), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast, Duke of Czersk during 1247-1248, Duke of Masovia (except Dobrzyń) during 1248-1262, ruler over Sieradz during 1259-1260.

paragraph: He was the sixth son of Konrad I of Masovia and his wife Agafia of Rus. He was named after his older brother Siemowit, who died young in 1224.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Siemowit appears clearly in documents only in 1239, when at the behest of his father, he probably killed the canon of Płock Jan Czapla; however, and despite his personal involvement in this matter, current historiography completely blames his father for his action.

paragraph: Konrad I died on 31 August 1247, leaving the districts of Sieradz, Łęczyca and Czersk to his surviving sons. Using the confusion who followed this death, Siemowit I's older brother Casimir I managed to seize the greater part of their inheritance (Sieradz and Łęczyca); however, Siemowit I was able to keep Czersk thanks to the military support of his other older brother, Bolesław I.

paragraph: Bolesław I died unexpectedly in early 1248, and under his will he gave all his domains to Siemowit I; after this, the latter avoided an open conflict with his brother Casimir I, accepting his rule over Sieradz-Łęczyca and focusing all his attention on the military conflicts in his frontiers with Kievan Rus', Yotvingia and the Teutonic Order.

paragraph: Faced with the constant raids of Baltic tribes on his territory, Siemowit I made an alliance with Prince Daniel of Halych, who suffered the same problem; shortly after he married with Daniel's daughter Pereyaslava. In autumn 1248, Siemowit I, together with Daniel, his brother Vasilko and Bolesław V the Chaste (whose domains were also affected by the Baltic invasions), organized the first major military campaign against the Yotvingians. This was a complete victory, removed the threat of the Yotvingians for a few years. The allies held other military campaigns against the Yotvingians in 1253 and 1255, but then realized that their forces were too weak to definitely solve the growing conflict; for this in 1254 Siemowit I and Daniel arranged a meeting in Raciąż with the Teutonic Order, represented by the "komtur" Burchard von Hornhausen, in which Siemowit I granted the Order 1/3 of the Yotvingians lands which they could conquer. Siemowit I made two further agreements with the Teutonic Knights on 4 August 1257 at Włocławek and on 15 June 1260 at Troszyn.

paragraph: The close collaboration between Siemowit I and the Teutonic Order (expressed, for example, in the defense that the Masovian ruler made for the Order before Pope Alexander IV, who accused them of cruelty in 1258), didn't produce the expected results. Siemowit I was still targeting the Baltic tribes, while the Teutonic Knights received their territorial conquests. Particularly dangerous proved to be the growth of Lithuania, who after the destruction of the Yotvingians became the direct neighbor of Siemowit I's domains.

paragraph: Another problem that plagued Siemowit I's reign was the relationship with his brother Casimir I, who feared (perhaps not without reason) that the alliance with the Teutonic Knights might also be directed against him. So in December 1254, Casimir I captured his brother and held him prisoner when he returned from Kraków after the celebration of the canonization of Stanislaus of Szczepanów. Siemowit I and Pereyaslava were released the following year, following the intervention of Bolesław V the Chaste and others who promised to support Casimir I in his war against Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerelia-Gdańsk.

paragraph: The extremely aggressive policy pursued by Casimir I turned sour in 1259, when Bolesław the Pious, ally of Pomerania, set up a coalition against him with Boleslaw V the Shy, Siemowit I and Daniel of Halych. The victory allowed Siemowit I to recover the district of Sieradz; however, after the signing of the peace treaty at Przedbórz on 2 December 1260, Siemowit I was forced to give Sieradz to Casimir I's eldest son Leszek II the Black, and the Kujavian princes promised that they would never resolve their conflicts with wars.

paragraph: In the meanwhile, Siemowit I faced more internal problems. In the spring of 1262 Lithuania and Kievan Rus', under the command of Mindaugas, launched a major offensive campaign against the Duchy of Mazovia. The Masovians were caught by surprise,the capital, Płock,fell since virtually without any defense. After this, Mindaugas crossed the Vistula river and captured the fortress of Jazdów. Siemowit I and his oldest son, Konrad II, who were in Jazdów on a visit, prepared for a long siege of the fortress (especially when they expected that soon their allies could came to rescue them), however, due to the betrayal of the townspeople, the troops managed to enter Jazdów (23 June 1262); in the confusion of the battle, Siemowit I was killed and his son was captured; according to one version, the Masovian Duke was executed by his own brother-in-law Shvarn.

paragraph: During the captivity of Konrad II (which lasted two years), the regency of Siemowit I's domains was held by his ally Bolesław the Pious.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: By 1248, Siemowit I married with Pereyaslava (d. 12 April 1283), a daughter of Rurikid Prince Daniel of Halych. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Konrad II (ca. 1250 – 23 June 1294).

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Bolesław II (1253/58 – 20 April 1313).

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Salomea (ca. 1262 – 1301), a nun.

description: Polish duke

wikidata_label: Siemowit I of Masovia

wikipedia_title: Siemowit I of Masovia