text: Greek

text: Roman Catholic

text: cardinal bishop

text: Latin Patriarch of Constantinople

text: Gemistus Pletho

text: Neoplatonic philosophy

text: Gregory III Mammas

text: Trebizond

text: Black Sea

text: Anatolia

text: Pontic Greek

text: Constantinople

text: Peloponnese

text: Gemistus Pletho

text: Pythagorean number-mysticism

text: Plato’s Forms

text: anchorite

text: metropolitan of Nicaea

text: John VIII Palaeologus

text: Italy

text: Orthodox

text: Catholic

text: Schism

text: Turks

text: Council of Ferrara-Florence

text: Pope Eugene IV

text: John VIII Palaeologus

text: Council of Florence

text: Ferrara

text: Florence

text: Pope Eugene IV

text: cardinal

text: consistory

text: new learning

text: palazzo

text: Academy

text: humanistic learning

text: Regiomontanus

text: Nicholas of Cusa

text: Theodore Gaza

text: George of Trebizond

text: John Argyropoulos

text: archbishopric of Siponto

text: suburbicarian see

text: Sabina

text: Frascati

text: papal conclave of 1455

text: Callixtus III

text: Orsini

text: Colonna

text: Alain de Coëtivy

text: legate

text: Bologna

text: Louis XI of France

text: Pius II

text: Latin Patriarch of Constantinople

text: Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals

text: Papal conclave, 1464

text: Papal conclave, 1471

text: Ravenna

text: Santi Apostoli, Rome

text: Aristotle

text: Xenophon

text: George of Trebizond

text: Plato

text: Gemistus Pletho

text: Platonism

text: theology

text: Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)

text: Greek Mythology

text: Senate

text: Republic of Venice

text: Biblioteca Marciana

text: Migne

text: Patrologia Graeca

text: Joannes Chortasmenos

text: Cambridge University Press

text: "Bessarion Cardinal"

categories: Deans of the College of Cardinals,Cardinal-bishops of Frascati,15th-century Byzantine writers,Greek theologians,Empire of Trebizond,Cardinal-bishops of Sabina,1403 births,People from Trapezus,Greek cardinals,Greek Renaissance humanists,15th-century Greek people,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Bishops of Nicaea,1472 deaths,Converts to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy,East–West Schism,Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople,Byzantine Pontians,Diplomats of the Holy See,Former Greek Orthodox Christians

paragraph: Basilios Bessarion

paragraph: Basilios (or Basilius) Bessarion (Greek: Βασίλειος Βησσαρίων; 2 January 1403 – 18 November 1472), a Roman Catholic cardinal bishop and the titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, was one of the illustrious Greek scholars who contributed to the great revival of letters in the 15th century. He was educated by Gemistus Pletho in Neoplatonic philosophy. Later, he became a Roman Catholic cardinal, and was twice considered for the papacy. He has been mistakenly known also as Johannes Bessarion or Giovanni Bessarione due to an erroneous interpretation of Gregory III Mammas.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bessarion was born in Trebizond, the Black Sea port in northeastern Anatolia that was the heart of Pontic Greek culture and civilization during the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. The year of his birth has been given as 1389, 1395 or 1403.

paragraph: Bessarion's Neoplatonism

paragraph: Bessarion was educated in Constantinople, then went in 1423 to the Peloponnese to study Neoplatonism under Gemistus Pletho. Under Pletho, he "went through the liberal arts curriculum…, with a special emphasis on mathematics…including the study of astronomy and geography" that would have related "philosophy to physics…cosmology and astrology" and Pletho's “mathematics would include Pythagorean number-mysticism, Plato’s cosmological geometry and the Neoplatonic arithmetic which connected the material world with the world of Plato’s Forms. Possibly it also included astrology…" Woodhouse also mentions that Bessarion "had a mystical streak…[and] was proficient in Neoplatonic vocabulary…mathematics…and Platonic theology".

paragraph: Bessarion's Neoplatonism stayed with him his whole life, even as a Roman Catholic cardinal. He was very familiar with Neoplatonist terminology and used it in his letter to Pletho's two sons, Demitrios and Andronikos, on the death of his still-beloved teacher in 1452. Perhaps the most remarkable thing about his life was that a Neoplatonist could have played such a significant role in the Roman Church for at least a brief time, though he was attacked for his views by more orthodox Catholic academics shortly after his death.

paragraph: Bessarion's life as a monk and role in the Council of Ferrara

paragraph: On becoming a tonsured monk, he adopted the name of an old Egyptian anchorite Bessarion, whose story he has related. In 1436 became abbot of a monastery in Constantinople and in 1437, he was made metropolitan of Nicaea by the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaeologus, whom he accompanied to Italy in order to bring about a reunion between the Orthodox and Catholic churches. They had been separated since the Schism of 1054, but the emperor hoped to use the possibility of re-uniting the churches to obtain help from Western Europe against the Turks. Bessarion participated in the Byzantine delegation to the Council of Ferrara-Florence as the most eminent representative of unionists, although originally belonged to the party of anti-unionists. On 6 July 1439 he was the one who read the declaration of the Greek Association of Churches in the cathedral of Florence, in the presence of Pope Eugene IV and the Emperor John VIII Palaeologus.

paragraph: Some have impugned Bessarion's sincerity in adhering to the Union. It has been argued that he was pragmatic patriot and thought religious Union would be the only hope and refuge for the Byzantine Empire faced with the Ottoman advance. However, Gill upholds Bessarion's sincerity in being convinced to the truth of the Roman position in the matters discussed at the Council quoting from the bishop's own "Oratio Dogmatica":

paragraph: Upon his return to Greece, he found himself bitterly resented for his attachment to the minority party that saw no difficulty in a reconciliation of the two churches. At the Council of Florence, held in Ferrara (1438) and then Florence (1439–1445), Bessarion supported the Roman church and gained the favour of Pope Eugene IV, who invested him with the rank of cardinal at a consistory of 18 December 1439.

paragraph: From that time, he resided permanently in Italy, doing much, by his patronage of learned men, by his collection of books and manuscripts, and by his own writings, to spread abroad the new learning. His palazzo in Rome was a virtual Academy for the studies of new humanistic learning, a center for learned Greeks and Greek refugees, whom he supported by commissioning transcripts of Greek manuscripts and translations into Latin that made Greek scholarship available to Western Europeans. He supported Regiomontanus in this fashion and defended Nicholas of Cusa. He is known in history as the original patron of the Greek exiles (scholars and diplomats) including Theodore Gaza, George of Trebizond, John Argyropoulos and many others.

paragraph: He held in succession the archbishopric of Siponto and the suburbicarian sees of Sabina and Frascati. At the papal conclave of 1455 which elected the Aragonese candidate, Alfons de Borja, as Callixtus III, Cardinal Bessarion was an early candidate for his disinterest in the competition between Roman factions that pressed candidates of the Orsini and Colonna factions. He was opposed for his Greek background by the French Cardinal Alain de Coëtivy. "It is probable that the cardinals were less afraid of his Greek training and temperament than they were of his known austerity and passion for reform", Francis A. Burkle-Young has observed.

paragraph: For five years (1450–1455), he was legate at Bologna, and he was engaged on embassies to many foreign princes, among others to Louis XI of France in 1471. Other missions were to Germany to encourage Western princes to help their fellow Christians in the East. For these efforts, his fellow humanist Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, then Pius II, gave him the purely ceremonial title of Latin Patriarch of Constantinople in 1463.

paragraph: As "primus Cardinalium" (from April 1463)—the title Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals was not yet in use—Cardinal Bessarion presided over the Papal conclave, 1464 and Papal conclave, 1471.

paragraph: Vexation at an insult offered him by Louis XI is said to have hastened his death, which took place on 19 November 1472 at Ravenna. He is buried in the basilica of Santi Apostoli, Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Bessarion was one of the most learned scholars of his time. Besides his translations of Aristotle's "Metaphysics" and Xenophon's "Memorabilia", his most important work is a treatise directed against George of Trebizond, a vehement Aristotelian who had written a polemic against Plato, which was entitled "In Calumniatorem Platonis" ("Against the Slanderer of Plato"). Bessarion, though a Platonist, was not so thoroughgoing in his admiration as Gemistus Pletho, and he strove instead to reconcile the two philosophies. His work, by opening up the relations of Platonism to the main questions of religion, contributed greatly to the extension of speculative thought in the department of theology.

paragraph: It was thanks to him that the Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus), an important compendium of Greek Mythology, has survived to the present.

paragraph: His library, which contained a very extensive collection of Greek manuscripts, was presented by him in 1468 to the Senate of the Republic of Venice, and forms the nucleus of the famous library of St Mark's, the "Biblioteca Marciana". It comprised 482 Greek and 264 Latin manuscripts.

paragraph: Most of Bessarion's works are in Migne, "Patrologia Graeca", vol. 161.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joannes Chortasmenos

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (not fully exploited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis A. Burkle-Young, "The election of Pope Calixtus III (1455)" Bessarion an early candidate, opposed by the French.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geanakoplos, Deno John. "Greek Scholars in Venice: Studies in the Dissemination of Greek Learning from Byzantium to the West" (Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard, 1962).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gill, Joseph. "The Council of Florence" (Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1959).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harris, Jonathan. "Greek Emigres in the West "(Camberley : Porphyrogenitus, 1995).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, Duane. "Bessarion, Cardinalis Nicenus. A cardinalitial vita between ideal conceptions and institutional structures," , 79-122.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keller, A. "A Byzantine admirer of 'western' progress: Cardinal Bessarion", in, "Cambridge Historical Journal", 11 (1953[-]5), 343–8.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Labowsky, Carlota. "Bessarion's Library and the Biblioteca Marciana" (Rome : Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1979).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Legrand, Émile. "Bibliographie Hellenique" (Paris : E. Leroux (E. Guilmoto), 1885–1906). volume 1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mohler, Ludwig "Kardinal Bessarion als Theologe, Humanist und Staatsmann" (Aalen : Scientia Verlag ; Paderborn : F. Schöningh, 1923–42), 3 volumes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monfasani, John. "Byzantine Scholars in Renaissance Italy: Cardinal Bessarion and other Émigrés" (Aldershot, UK : Variorum, 1995).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Setton, K.M. "The Byzantine background to the Italian Renaissance", in, "Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society", 100 (1956), 1–76.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vast, Henri. "Le Cardinal Bessarion" (Paris : Hachette, 1878), see also (Geneva : Slatkine, 1977).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilson, Nigel Guy. "From Byzantium to Italy. Greek Studies in the Italian Renaissance" (London : Duckworth, 1992).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Makripoulias Christos, "Bessarion Cardinal", Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor

alias:
Nicolaus Bessarion
Basilius Bessarion
Basileios Bessarion
Cardinal Bessarion
Βασίλειος Βησσαρίων
Bassilios Bessarion
Cardinal Bēssariōn
Iohannes Bessarion
Johannes Bessarion
Cardinal Bessarione
Iōannēs of Trebizond
Metropolitan of Nicaea Bēssariōn

description: byzantine priest and theologian

wikidata_label: Basilios Bessarion

wikipedia_title: Basilios Bessarion


text: jazz

text: Cotton Club

text: Harlem

text: scat singing

text: big band

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Adolphus "Doc" Cheatham

text: Ben Webster

text: Leon "Chu" Berry

text: Danny Barker

text: Milt Hinton

text: Minnie the Moocher

text: Michael Jackson

text: Grammy Hall of Fame

text: Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

text: Rochester, New York

text: African American

text: Morgan State College

text: Lincoln University of Pennsylvania

text: Baltimore, Maryland

text: jazz

text: Chick Webb

text: Frederick Douglass High School

text: Blanche

text: Crane College

text: Sunset Cafe

text: Adelaide Hall

text: Louis Armstrong

text: Royal Theatre

text: The Missourians

text: Cotton Club

text: Duke Ellington

text: Walter Winchell

text: Bing Crosby

text: Minnie the Moocher

text: St. James Infirmary Blues

text: The Old Man of the Mountain

text: Snow White

text: Minnie the Moocher

text: rotoscoping

text: Paramount

text: Michael Jackson

text: moonwalk

text: International House

text: marijuana

text: Hollywood movie

text: Al Jolson

text: The Singing Kid

text: Arthur Knight

text: Brunswick

text: ARC

text: RCA Victor

text: Irving Mills

text: Vocalion

text: OKeh

text: AFM

text: 1942–44 musicians' strike

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Stormy Weather

text: Milt Hinton

text: Chu Berry

text: Benny Goodman

text: Long Beach

text: Long Island, New York

text: Lido Beach

text: Westchester County

text: Porgy and Bess

text: William Warfield

text: Leontyne Price

text: The Cincinnati Kid

text: Steve McQueen

text: Ann-Margret

text: Edward G. Robinson

text: The Ed Sullivan Show

text: Pearl Bailey

text: Hello, Dolly!

text: Broadway

text: RCA Victor

text: The Pajama Game

text: Hal Linden

text: The Blues Brothers

text: Cincinnati Pops Orchestra

text: Erich Kunzel

text: The Ritz London

text: BBC

text: Adelaide Hall

text: Doc Cheatham

text: Max Roach

text: the Nicholas Brothers

text: Michael Jackson

text: The New York Times Magazine

text: 2008 Universal fire

text: National Register of Historic Places

text: Larry Hogan

text: historic house museum

text: Louis Armstrong House

text: Outer Critics Circle Awards

text: Hello, Dolly

text: National Medal of Arts

text: University of Rochester

text: Cab Calloway School of the Arts

text: Wilmington

text: Grammy Hall of Fame Award

text: Minnie the Moocher

text: Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

text: Library of Congress

text: National Recording Registry

text: Coppin State College

text: Bill Cosby

text: New School for Social Research

text: The Big Broadcast

text: International House

text: The Singing Kid

text: Manhattan Merry-Go-Round

text: Stormy Weather

text: Sensations of 1945

text: Hi De Ho

text: Rhythm and Blues Revue

text: St. Louis Blues

text: The Cincinnati Kid

text: The Blues Brothers

text: Minnie the Moocher

text: Snow-White

text: The Old Man of the Mountain

text: Betty Boop's Rise to Fame

text: Cab Calloway's Hi-De-Ho

text: Cab Calloway's Jitterbug Party

text: Mother Goose Goes Hollywood

text: Caldonia

text: Basin Street Revue

text: NAMM Oral History Interview (1993)

text: Cab Calloway Home restoration project

categories: American jazz bandleaders,Burials at Ferncliff Cemetery,Converts to Anglicanism,African-American jazz musicians,1994 deaths,20th-century American singers,Jazz musicians from New York (state),Swing bandleaders,Jazz musicians from Maryland,20th-century American dancers,Musicians from New York City,American Episcopalians,Singers from Maryland,Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni,American male dancers,Vaudeville performers,Jive singers,1907 births,Big band bandleaders,African-American male dancers,Musicians from Baltimore,Swing singers,Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners,ABC Records artists,Scat singers,African-American dancers,American jazz singers,Articles containing video clips,20th-century American musicians,People from New Castle County, Delaware,African-American Episcopalians,Vocalion Records artists,Musicians from Rochester, New York

paragraph: Cab Calloway

paragraph: Cabell "Cab" Calloway III (December 25, 1907 – November 18, 1994) was an American jazz singer, dancer, and bandleader. He was associated with the Cotton Club in Harlem, New York City, where he was a regular performer.

paragraph: Calloway was a master of energetic scat singing and led one of the United States' most popular big bands from the start of the 1930s to the late 1940s. Calloway's band included trumpeters Dizzy Gillespie and Adolphus "Doc" Cheatham, saxophonists Ben Webster and Leon "Chu" Berry, New Orleans guitarist Danny Barker, and bassist Milt Hinton.

paragraph: Calloway had several hits in the 1930s–1940s, becoming known as the "Hi-de-ho" man of jazz for his most famous song, "Minnie the Moocher", recorded in 1931. He also made a number of stage, film, and television appearances until his death in 1994 at the age of 86. He influenced later singers such as Michael Jackson and various hip-hop performers. Calloway is the first African American musician to sell a million records from a single song and to have a nationally syndicated radio show. He is in the Grammy Hall of Fame and received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Calloway was born in Rochester, New York, on Christmas Day in 1907 to an African American family. His mother, Martha Eulalia Reed, was a Morgan State College graduate, teacher, and church organist. His father, Cabell Calloway Jr., graduated from Lincoln University of Pennsylvania in 1898, and worked as a lawyer and in real estate. The family moved to Baltimore, Maryland, when Calloway was 11. Calloway grew up in the Druid Hill neighborhood of West Baltimore.

paragraph: He began private voice lessons in 1922 and studied music and voice throughout his formal schooling. Despite his parents' and teachers' disapproval of jazz, he began performing nightclubs in Baltimore. His mentors included drummer Chick Webb and pianist Johnny Jones.

paragraph: Calloway attended Frederick Douglass High School and played basketball at the guard position for the high school and professional Baltimore Athenians team. He graduated in 1925.

paragraph: After graduation Calloway joined his older sister, Blanche, in a tour of the popular black musical revue "Plantation Days". Blanche Calloway became an accomplished bandleader before her brother, and he would often credit her as his inspiration for entering show business.

paragraph: His parents wanted him to be a lawyer, like his father, so he enrolled at Crane College in Chicago, but he was more interested in singing and entertaining. He spent most of his nights at the Dreamland Ballroom, the Sunset Cafe, and the Club Berlin, performing as a singer, drummer, and master of ceremonies. At the Sunset Café, he was an understudy for singer Adelaide Hall. Here he met and performed with Louis Armstrong, who taught him to sing in the scat style. He left school to sing with the Alabamians band. He also performed at Baltimore's old Royal Theatre.

paragraph: Section::::Success.

paragraph: In 1930 Calloway led the band The Missourians, which became known as Cab Calloway and His Orchestra. At the Cotton Club in Harlem, New York, the band was hired in 1931 to substitute for the Duke Ellington Orchestra while it was touring. The band's popularity led to sharing the role of house band with Ellington. It performed twice on week for radio broadcasts on NBC. Calloway appeared on radio programs with Walter Winchell and Bing Crosby and was the first African American to have a nationally syndicated radio show.

paragraph: In 1931 Calloway recorded his most famous song, "Minnie the Moocher". It is the first single song by an African American to sell a million records. "The Old Man of the Mountain", "St. James Infirmary Blues", and "Minnie the Moocher" were performed in the cartoons "The Old Man of the Mountain" (1933), "Snow White" (1933), and "Minnie the Moocher" (1932), respectively. Through rotoscoping, Calloway performed voiceover for these cartoons, but his dance steps were the basis of the characters' movements. He scheduled concerts in some communities to coincide with the release of the films to take advantage of the publicity.

paragraph: As a result of the success of "Minnie the Moocher", Calloway became identified with its chorus, gaining the nickname "The Hi De Ho Man". He performed in the 1930s in a series of short films for Paramount. (Calloway's and Ellington's groups were featured on film more than any other jazz orchestras of the era.) In these films, Calloway can be seen performing a gliding backstep dance move, which some observers have described as the precursor to Michael Jackson's moonwalk. Calloway said 50 years later, "it was called The Buzz back then." The 1933 film "International House" featured Calloway performing his classic song, "Reefer Man", a tune about a man who favors marijuana cigarettes.

paragraph: Calloway made his "first proper Hollywood movie appearance" opposite Al Jolson in "The Singing Kid" in 1936. He sang a number of duets with Jolson, and the film included Calloway's band and cast of 22 Cotton Club dancers from New York. According to film critic Arthur Knight, the creators of the film intended to "erase and celebrate boundaries and differences, including most emphatically the color line...when Calloway begins singing in his characteristic style – in which the words are tools for exploring rhythm and stretching melody – it becomes clear that American culture is changing around Jolson and with (and through) Calloway".

paragraph: Calloway's band recorded for Brunswick and the ARC dime store labels (Banner, Cameo, Conqueror, Perfect, Melotone, Banner, Oriole) from 1930 to 1932, when he signed with RCA Victor for a year. He returned to Brunswick in late 1934 through 1936, then with Variety, run by his manager, Irving Mills. He remained with Mills when the label collapsed during the Depression. Their sessions were continued by Vocalion through 1939 and OKeh through 1942. After an AFM recording ban due to the 1942–44 musicians' strike ended, Calloway continued to record.

paragraph: In 1941 Calloway fired Dizzy Gillespie from his orchestra after an onstage fracas erupted when Calloway was hit with spitballs. He wrongly accused Gillespie, who stabbed Calloway in the leg with a small knife.

paragraph: In 1943 Calloway appeared in the film "Stormy Weather", one of the first films with a black cast.

paragraph: The band formed baseball and basketball teams during the 1930s, starring Calloway, Milt Hinton, Chu Berry, Benny Payne, and Dizzy Gillespie.

paragraph: In the late 1940s, Calloway wrote a humorous pseudo-gossip column called "Coastin' with Cab" for "Song Hits" magazine. It was a collection of celebrity snippets such as the following in the May 1946 issue: "Benny Goodman was dining at Ciro's steak house in New York when a very homely girl entered. 'If her face is her fortune,' Benny quipped, 'she'd be tax-free'." In the late 1940s, however, Calloway's bad financial decisions and his gambling caused his band to break up.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: During the late 1940s, Calloway lived with his wife Zulme "Nuffie" and family in Long Beach on the South Shore of Long Island, New York on the border with neighboring Lido Beach. In the 1950s, Calloway moved his family to Westchester County, New York, where he and Nuffie raised their daughters Chris, Cecelia (Lael), and Cabella Calloway.

paragraph: In 1952, he played the prominent role of "Sportin' Life" in a production of "Porgy and Bess" with William Warfield and Leontyne Price as the title characters. Another notable role was "Yeller" in "The Cincinnati Kid" (1965) with Steve McQueen, Ann-Margret, and Edward G. Robinson.

paragraph: Calloway appeared on "The Ed Sullivan Show" on March 19, 1967, with his daughter Chris Calloway. In 1967, he co-starred with Pearl Bailey as Horace Vandergelder in an all-black cast of "Hello, Dolly!" on Broadway during its original run. Chris Calloway also joined the cast as Minnie Fay. The new cast revived the flagging business for the show and RCA Victor released a new cast recording, rare for the time. In 1973–74, Calloway was featured in an unsuccessful Broadway revival of "The Pajama Game" with Hal Linden and Barbara McNair.

paragraph: His autobiography, "Of Minnie the Moocher and Me" was published in 1976. It included his complete "Hepster's Dictionary" as an appendix. Renewed interest in Calloway occurred in 1980 when he appeared in the film "The Blues Brothers" performing "Minnie the Moocher".

paragraph: A performance with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra directed by Erich Kunzel in August 1988 was recorded on video and features a classic presentation of "Minnie the Moocher", 57 years after he first recorded it.

paragraph: In 1985, Calloway and his Orchestra appeared at The Ritz London Hotel where he was filmed for a 60-minute BBC TV show called "The Cotton Club comes to the Ritz". Adelaide Hall, Doc Cheatham, Max Roach, and the Nicholas Brothers also appeared on the bill.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: On June 12, 1994, Calloway suffered a stroke. He died five months later on November 18, 1994, at age 86, in a Delaware nursing home. Music critics have written of his influence on later generations of musicians, such as Michael Jackson, as well as present-day hip-hop performers. On June 25, 2019, "The New York Times Magazine" listed Cab Calloway among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.

paragraph: Preservation of Calloway's boyhood home at 2216 Druid Hill Avenue in Baltimore as a significant artifact of African-American cultural heritage is being urged by his family and the National Trust for Historic Preservation. It was disclosed in 2019 that demolition of the abandoned structure, along with the rest of the block, is planned for creation of a park to be named "Cab Calloway Square" in his honor. Although the block is designated "historically significant" on the National Register of Historic Places, Baltimore City officials said at a hearing on July 9, 2019, that there is "extensive structural damage" to the Calloway house as well as adjacent ones. The Commission on Historic and Architectural Preservation's executive director, however, said that properties in worse condition than the Calloway House have been restored with financial support from a city tax credit program. Maryland Governor Larry Hogan has urged that demolition of the Calloway House be forestalled for its potential preservation as a historic house museum akin to the Louis Armstrong House in New York. Design options for the planned Cab Calloway Square may include an archway from the facade "(pictured)" as part of the Square's entrance, it was proposed by architects working with Baltimore City and the Druid Heights Community Development group responsible for the block's redevelopment.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: Best Performance, Outer Critics Circle Awards, Hello, Dolly

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987: Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame induction

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: National Medal of Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: Honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts, University of Rochester

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: Cab Calloway School of the Arts dedicated in his name in Wilmington, Delaware.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: The Cab Calloway Orchestra directed by Calloway's grandson C. "CB" Calloway Brooks was formed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 Grammy Hall of Fame Award for "Minnie the Moocher"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 "Minnie the Moocher" added to the Library of Congress National Recording Registry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calloway helped establish the Cab Calloway Museum at Coppin State College (Baltimore, Maryland) in the 1980s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comedian and actor Bill Cosby helped establish a scholarship in Calloway's name at the New School for Social Research in Manhattan.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Features

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Big Broadcast" (1932) – Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "International House" (1933) – Cab Calloway

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Singing Kid" (1936) – Cotton Club Band Leader

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manhattan Merry-Go-Round" (1937) – Cotton Club Orchestra Leader (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stormy Weather" (1943) – Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sensations of 1945" (1944) – Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ebony Parade" (1947) – Himself (archive footage)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hi De Ho" (1947) – Cab Calloway

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rhythm and Blues Revue" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "St. Louis Blues" (1958) – Blade

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Schlager-Raketen" (1960) – Sänger / Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cincinnati Kid" (1965) – Yeller

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blues Brothers" (1980) – Curtis

paragraph: Short subjects

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Minnie the Moocher" (1932) – Himself – Bandleader (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Snow-White" (1933) – Koko the Clown (voice, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Old Man of the Mountain" (1933) – Cab Calloway & Old Man

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Betty Boop's Rise to Fame" (1934) – Old Man (voice, uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cab Calloway's Hi-De-Ho" (1934) – Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cab Calloway's Jitterbug Party" (1935) – Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hi De Ho" (1937) – Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mother Goose Goes Hollywood" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meet the Maestros" (1938) – Band Leader, ZaZuZaz number

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caldonia" (1945) – Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Basin Street Revue" (1956) – Himself

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Calloway, Cab and Rollins, Bryant. "Of Minnie the Moocher and Me". TY Crowell, New York City, 1976.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cab Calloway School of the Arts official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- NAMM Oral History Interview (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cab Calloway Home restoration project

description: American jazz singer and bandleader

wikidata_label: Cab Calloway

wikipedia_title: Cab Calloway


text: jazz drummer

text: composer

text: bebop

text: Coleman Hawkins

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Charlie Parker

text: Miles Davis

text: Duke Ellington

text: Thelonious Monk

text: Abbey Lincoln

text: Dinah Washington

text: Charles Mingus

text: Billy Eckstine

text: Stan Getz

text: Sonny Rollins

text: Eric Dolphy

text: Booker Little

text: "DownBeat"

text: Modern Drummer

text: quintet

text: Clifford Brown

text: percussion ensemble

text: M'Boom

text: civil rights movement

text: Pasquotank County

text: North Carolina

text: Great Dismal Swamp

text: Avery County, North Carolina

text: birth certificate

text: Phil Schaap

text: Bedford-Stuyvesant

text: Brooklyn, New York

text: gospel singer

text: bugle

text: Boys High School

text: Sonny Greer

text: Duke Ellington

text: Paramount Theater

text: Manhattan

text: jazz club

text: 52nd Street

text: Broadway

text: Cecil Payne

text: Coleman Hawkins

text: Kenny Clarke

text: bebop

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Charlie Parker

text: Thelonious Monk

text: Coleman Hawkins

text: Bud Powell

text: Miles Davis

text: Savoy Records

text: brush

text: Ti Roro

text: classical percussion

text: Manhattan School of Music

text: Bachelor of Music

text: Honorary Doctorate

text: Debut Records

text: Charles Mingus

text: Jazz at Massey Hall

text: free improvisation

text: Clifford Brown

text: Harold Land

text: Richie Powell

text: George Morrow

text: Sonny Rollins

text: hard bop

text: Art Blakey

text: Horace Silver

text: Pennsylvania Turnpike

text: Max Roach + 4

text: Kenny Dorham

text: Booker Little

text: George Coleman

text: Ray Bryant

text: waltz

text: Jazz in 3/4 Time

text: EmArcy Records

text: Stanley

text: Tommy Turrentine

text: Dinah Washington

text: Newport Jazz Festival

text: filmed

text: Dinah Jams

text: vocal jazz

text: We Insist!

text: Abbey Lincoln

text: Oscar Brown Jr.

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: Emancipation Proclamation

text: Money Jungle

text: Duke Ellington

text: M'Boom

text: Joe Chambers

text: Warren Smith

text: Freddie Waits

text: Roy Brooks

text: Ray Mantilla

text: jazz education

text: University of Massachusetts Amherst

text: Randolph Bromery

text: Baystate

text: Odean Pope

text: Cecil Bridgewater

text: Cecil Taylor

text: Anthony Braxton

text: Archie Shepp

text: Abdullah Ibrahim

text: Martin Luther King

text: video artist

text: Mal Waldron

text: Sam Shepard

text: musical director

text: La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club

text: Angel City

text: Suicide in B Flat

text: Eileen Folson

text: chordal instrument

text: French horn

text: Cecil Bridgewater

text: Eddie Henderson

text: Steve Turre

text: Delfeayo Marsalis

text: Robert Stewart

text: concerto

text: Boston Symphony Orchestra

text: Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater

text: Dianne McIntyre

text: Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company

text: hip hop

text: Fab Five Freddy

text: Jon Jang

text: erhu

text: Jeibing Chen

text: Clark Terry

text: Massey Hall

text: hi-hat

text: Rush

text: Neil Peart

text: tribute album

text: hydrocephalus

text: Riverside Church

text: Woodlawn Cemetery

text: The Bronx

text: Lieutenant Governor of New York

text: David Paterson

text: Paul Robeson

text: Harriet Tubman

text: Malcolm X

text: Newport Jazz Festival

text: Abbey Lincoln

text: The New York Times Magazine

text: 2008 Universal fire

text: traditional grip

text: matched grip

text: Kenny Clarke

text: ride cymbal

text: bass drum

text: snare drum

text: crash cymbal

text: melody

text: drum kit

text: Stan Levey

text: Drums Unlimited

text: John Bonham

text: Moby Dick

text: Neil Peart

text: Steve Smith

text: Bill Bruford

text: Flags

text: MacArthur Genius Grant

text: Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

text: Grand Prix du Disque

text: DownBeat

text: Aaron Davis Hall

text: honorary doctorate degree

text: Medgar Evers College

text: CUNY

text: University of Bologna

text: Columbia University

text: alma mater

text: Manhattan School of Music

text: London

text: Lambeth

text: a park

text: Brixton

text: Greater London Council

text: Royal Albert Hall

text: Ghana

text: Ghanaba

text: borough president

text: Marty Markowitz

text: North Carolina Music Hall of Fame

text: The Max Roach Quartet featuring Hank Mobley

text: Debut

text: Max Roach + 4

text: EmArcy

text: Jazz in 3/4 Time

text: The Max Roach 4 Plays Charlie Parker

text: MAX

text: Argo

text: Max Roach + 4 on the Chicago Scene

text: Mercury

text: Art Blakey

text: Max Roach + 4 at Newport

text: Max Roach with the Boston Percussion Ensemble

text: Deeds, Not Words

text: Riverside

text: Award-Winning Drummer

text: Time

text: Bud Shank

text: The Defiant Ones

text: Booker Little

text: The Many Sides of Max

text: Rich Versus Roach

text: Buddy Rich

text: Quiet as It's Kept

text: Moon Faced and Starry Eyed

text: Abbey Lincoln

text: Booker Little

text: Long as You're Living

text: Enja

text: Parisian Sketches

text: We Insist!

text: Candid

text: Percussion Bitter Sweet

text: Impulse!

text: Mal Waldron

text: It's Time

text: Speak, Brother, Speak!

text: Fantasy

text: The Max Roach Trio Featuring the Legendary Hasaan

text: Atlantic

text: Hasaan Ibn Ali

text: Drums Unlimited

text: Members, Don't Git Weary

text: Lift Every Voice and Sing

text: Archie Shepp

text: Victor

text: Denon

text: Baystate

text: Dollar Brand

text: Fluid

text: Birth and Rebirth

text: Anthony Braxton

text: Black Saint

text: The Long March

text: Archie Shepp

text: Hathut

text: Historic Concerts

text: Cecil Taylor

text: One in Two – Two in One

text: Anthony Braxton

text: Pictures in a Frame

text: Soul Note

text: Columbia

text: Connie Crothers

text: New Artists

text: In the Light

text: Live at Vielharmonie

text: Scott Free

text: It's Christmas Again

text: Survivors

text: Easy Winners

text: Bright Moments

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: A&M

text: To the Max!

text: Blue Note Records

text: Asian Improv

text: Clark Terry

text: Verve Records

text: Clifford Brown

text: Best Coast Jazz

text: EmArcy Records

text: Clifford Brown All Stars

text: EmArcy Records

text: Jam Session

text: EmArcy Records

text: Maynard Ferguson

text: Clark Terry

text: Brown and Roach Incorporated

text: EmArcy Records

text: Daahoud

text: Mainstream Records

text: Clifford Brown with Strings

text: EmArcy Records

text: Clifford Brown and Max Roach

text: EmArcy Records

text: Study in Brown

text: EmArcy Records

text: Clifford Brown and Max Roach at Basin Street

text: EmArcy Records

text: Columbia Records

text: M'Boom

text: Strata-East

text: M'Boom

text: Columbia Records

text: Collage

text: Soul Note

text: Chet Baker

text: Witch Doctor

text: Contemporary

text: Don Byas

text: Jimmy Cleveland

text: Introducing Jimmy Cleveland and His All Stars

text: Al Cohn

text: Al Cohn's Tones

text: Savoy

text: Miles Davis

text: Birth of the Cool

text: Capitol

text: Conception

text: Kenny Dorham

text: Jazz Contrasts

text: Billy Eckstine

text: Duke Ellington

text: Paris Blues

text: United Artists

text: Money Jungle

text: Charles Mingus

text: Maynard Ferguson

text: Jam Session featuring Maynard Ferguson

text: Stan Getz

text: Stan Getz and the Cool Sounds

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Diz and Getz

text: Stan Getz

text: The Bop Session

text: Sonet

text: Sonny Stitt

text: John Lewis

text: Hank Jones

text: Percy Heath

text: Benny Golson

text: The Modern Touch

text: Johnny Griffin

text: Introducing Johnny Griffin

text: Slide Hampton

text: Drum Suite

text: Epic

text: Coleman Hawkins

text: Body and Soul

text: Joe Holiday

text: J.J. Johnson

text: First Place

text: Thad Jones

text: The Magnificent Thad Jones

text: Abbey Lincoln

text: That's Him!

text: Straight Ahead

text: Booker Little

text: Out Front

text: Howard McGhee

text: Gil Mellé

text: Gil Mellé Quintet/Sextet

text: Charles Mingus

text: Mingus at the Bohemia

text: The Charles Mingus Quintet & Max Roach

text: Thelonious Monk

text: Brilliant Corners

text: Herbie Nichols

text: Herbie Nichols Trio

text: Charlie Parker

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Charlie Parker's Savoy and Dial sessions

text: Complete Charlie Parker on Dial

text: Charlie Parker on Dial

text: Dial

text: Big Band

text: Clef

text: Oscar Pettiford

text: Oscar Pettiford Sextet

text: Vogue

text: Bud Powell

text: The Amazing Bud Powell

text: Sonny Rollins

text: Work Time

text: Sonny Rollins Plus 4

text: Tour de Force

text: Rollins Plays for Bird

text: Saxophone Colossus

text: Freedom Suite

text: George Russell

text: New York, N.Y.

text: A. K. Salim

text: Pretty for the People

text: Hazel Scott

text: Sonny Stitt

text: Sonny Stitt/Bud Powell/J. J. Johnson

text: Stanley Turrentine

text: Stan "The Man" Turrentine

text: Tommy Turrentine

text: George Wallington

text: Dinah Washington

text: Dinah Jams

text: Randy Weston

text: Uhuru Afrika

text: Roulette

text: Joe Wilder

text: Roach on Hard Bop

text: Roach discography

text: Discogs

text: Discography and sessionography

text: "New York Times" obituary

text: "New York Sun" obituary

text: "Slate" magazine article (2007)

text: Max Roach multimedia directory

text: Roach's page on La MaMa Archives Digital Collections

categories: Boys High School (Brooklyn) alumni,African-American jazz musicians,Jazz musicians from New York (state),University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty,African-American drummers,Hard bop drummers,Candid Records artists,Capitol Records artists,Jazz musicians from North Carolina,M'Boom members,Post-bop drummers,Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres,2007 deaths,Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners,American jazz drummers,Bebop drummers,People from Pasquotank County, North Carolina,MacArthur Fellows,EmArcy Records artists,20th-century American drummers,Verve Records artists,American male drummers,Manhattan School of Music alumni,1924 births,Male jazz musicians

paragraph: Max Roach

paragraph: Maxwell Lemuel Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was an American jazz drummer and composer. A pioneer of bebop, he worked in many other styles of music, and is generally considered alongside the most important drummers in history. He worked with many famous jazz musicians, including Coleman Hawkins, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk, Abbey Lincoln, Dinah Washington, Charles Mingus, Billy Eckstine, Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Eric Dolphy, and Booker Little. He was inducted into the "DownBeat" Hall of Fame in 1980 and the "Modern Drummer" Hall of Fame in 1992.

paragraph: Roach also led his own groups, most notably a pioneering quintet co-led with trumpeter Clifford Brown and the percussion ensemble M'Boom. He made numerous musical statements relating to the civil rights movement.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Max Roach was born to Alphonse and Cressie Roach in the Township of Newland, Pasquotank County, North Carolina, which borders the southern edge of the Great Dismal Swamp. Many confuse the Township of Newland with Newland Town in Avery County, North Carolina. Although his birth certificate lists his date of birth as January 10, 1924, Roach has been quoted by Phil Schaap as having stated that his family believed he was actually born on January 8, 1925.

paragraph: Roach's family moved to the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York when he was 4 years old. He grew up in a musical home, his mother being a gospel singer. He started to play bugle in parade orchestras at a young age. At the age of 10, he was already playing drums in some gospel bands.

paragraph: In 1942, as an 18-year-old recently graduated from Boys High School, he was called to fill in for Sonny Greer with the Duke Ellington Orchestra when they were performing at the Paramount Theater in Manhattan. He starting going to the jazz clubs on 52nd Street and at 78th Street & Broadway for Georgie Jay's Taproom, where he played with schoolmate Cecil Payne. His first professional recording took place in December 1943, supporting Coleman Hawkins.

paragraph: He was one of the first drummers, along with Kenny Clarke, to play in the bebop style. Roach performed in bands led by Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Coleman Hawkins, Bud Powell, and Miles Davis. He played on many of Parker's most important records, including the Savoy Records November 1945 session, which marked a turning point in recorded jazz. His early brush work with Powell's trio, especially at fast tempos, has been highly praised.

paragraph: Max Roach nurtured an interest in and respect for Afro-Caribbean music and traveled to Haiti in the late 1940s to study with the traditional drummer Ti Roro.

paragraph: Roach studied classical percussion at the Manhattan School of Music from 1950 to 1953, working toward a Bachelor of Music degree. The school awarded him an Honorary Doctorate in 1990.

paragraph: In 1952, Roach co-founded Debut Records with bassist Charles Mingus. The label released a record of a May 15, 1953 concert billed as "the greatest concert ever", which came to be known as "Jazz at Massey Hall", featuring Parker, Gillespie, Powell, Mingus, and Roach. Also released on this label was the groundbreaking bass-and-drum free improvisation, "Percussion Discussion".

paragraph: In 1954, Roach and trumpeter Clifford Brown formed a quintet that also featured tenor saxophonist Harold Land, pianist Richie Powell (brother of Bud Powell), and bassist George Morrow. Land left the quintet the following year and was replaced by Sonny Rollins. The group was a prime example of the hard bop style also played by Art Blakey and Horace Silver. Brown and Powell were killed in a car accident on the Pennsylvania Turnpike in June 1956. The first album Roach recorded after their deaths was "Max Roach + 4". After Brown and Powell's deaths, Roach continued leading a similarly configured group, with Kenny Dorham (and later Booker Little) on trumpet, George Coleman on tenor, and pianist Ray Bryant. Roach expanded the standard form of hard bop using 3/4 waltz rhythms and modality in 1957 with his album "Jazz in 3/4 Time". During this period, Roach recorded a series of other albums for EmArcy Records featuring the brothers Stanley and Tommy Turrentine.

paragraph: In 1955, he played drums for vocalist Dinah Washington at several live appearances and recordings. He appeared with Washington at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1958, which was filmed, and at the 1954 live studio audience recording of "Dinah Jams", considered to be one of the best and most overlooked vocal jazz albums of its genre.

paragraph: In 1960 he composed and recorded the album "We Insist!" (subtitled "Max Roach's Freedom Now Suite)", with vocals by his then-wife Abbey Lincoln and lyrics by Oscar Brown Jr., after being invited to contribute to commemorations of the hundredth anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. In 1962, he recorded the album "Money Jungle", a collaboration with Mingus and Duke Ellington. This is generally regarded as one of the finest trio albums ever recorded.

paragraph: During the 1970s, Roach formed M'Boom, a percussion orchestra. Each member composed for the ensemble and performed on multiple percussion instruments. Personnel included Fred King, Joe Chambers, Warren Smith, Freddie Waits, Roy Brooks, Omar Clay, Ray Mantilla, Francisco Mora, and Eli Fountain.

paragraph: Long involved in jazz education, in 1972 Roach was recruited to the faculty of the University of Massachusetts Amherst by Chancellor Randolph Bromery. He taught at the university until the mid-1990s.

paragraph: In the early 1980s, Roach began presenting solo concerts, demonstrating that this multi-percussion instrument could fulfill the demands of solo performance and be entirely satisfying to an audience. He created memorable compositions in these solo concert, and a solo record was released by the Japanese jazz label Baystate. One of his solo concerts is available on video, which also includes video of a recording date for "Chattahoochee Red", featuring his working quartet, Odean Pope, Cecil Bridgewater, and Calvin Hill.

paragraph: Roach also embarked on a series of duet recordings. Departing from the style he was best known for, most of the music on these recordings is free improvisation, created with Cecil Taylor, Anthony Braxton, Archie Shepp, and Abdullah Ibrahim. Roach created duets with other performers, including: a recorded duet with oration by Martin Luther King, "I Have a Dream"; a duet with video artist Kit Fitzgerald, who improvised video imagery while Roach created the music; a duet with his lifelong friend and associate Gillespie; and a duet concert recording with Mal Waldron.

paragraph: During the 1980s Roach also wrote music for theater, including plays by Sam Shepard. He was composer and musical director for a festival of Shepard plays, called "ShepardSets", at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club in 1984. The festival included productions of "Back Bog Beast Bait", "Angel City", and "Suicide in B Flat". In 1985, George Ferencz directed "Max Roach Live at La MaMa: A Multimedia Collaboration".

paragraph: Roach found new contexts for performance, creating unique musical ensembles. One of these groups was "The Double Quartet", featuring his regular performing quartet with the same personnel as above, except Tyrone Brown replaced Hill. This quartet joined "The Uptown String Quartet", led by his daughter Maxine Roach and featuring Diane Monroe, Lesa Terry, and Eileen Folson.

paragraph: Another ensemble was the "So What Brass Quintet", a group comprising five brass instrumentalists and Roach, with no chordal instrument and no bass player. Much of the performance consisted of drums and horn duets. The ensemble consisted of two trumpets, trombone, French horn, and tuba. Personnel included Cecil Bridgewater, Frank Gordon, Eddie Henderson, Rod McGaha, Steve Turre, Delfeayo Marsalis, Robert Stewart, Tony Underwood, Marshall Sealy, Mark Taylor, and Dennis Jeter.

paragraph: Not content to expand on the music he was already known for, Roach spent the 1980s and 1990s finding new forms of musical expression and performance. He performed a concerto with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He wrote for and performed with the Walter White gospel choir and the John Motley Singers. He also performed with dance companies, including the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, the Dianne McIntyre Dance Company, and the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. He surprised his fans by performing in a hip hop concert featuring the Fab Five Freddy and the New York Break Dancers. Roach expressed the insight that there was a strong kinship between the work of these young black artists and the art he had pursued all his life.

paragraph: Though Roach played with many types of ensembles, he always continued to play jazz. He performed with the Beijing Trio, with pianist Jon Jang and erhu player Jeibing Chen. His final recording, "Friendship", was with trumpeter Clark Terry. The two were longtime friends and collaborators in duet and quartet. Roach's final performance was at the 50th anniversary celebration of the original Massey Hall concert, with Roach performing solo on the hi-hat.

paragraph: In 1994, Roach appeared on Rush drummer Neil Peart's "," performing "The Drum Also Waltzes" Parts 1 and 2 on of the 2-volume tribute album during the 1994 All-Star recording sessions.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: In the early 2000s, Roach became less active due to the onset of hydrocephalus-related complications.

paragraph: Roach died in Manhattan in the early morning of August 16, 2007. He was survived by five children: sons Daryl and Raoul, and daughters Maxine, Ayo, and Dara. Over 1,900 people attended his funeral at Riverside Church on August 24, 2007. He was interred at the Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx.

paragraph: In a funeral tribute to Roach, then-Lieutenant Governor of New York David Paterson compared the musician's courage to that of Paul Robeson, Harriet Tubman, and Malcolm X, saying that "No one ever wrote a bad thing about Max Roach's music or his aura until 1960, when he and Charlie Mingus protested the practices of the Newport Jazz Festival."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Two children, son Daryl Keith and daughter Maxine, were born from Roach's first marriage with Mildred Roach in 1949. In 1956, he met singer Barbara Jai (Johnson) and fathered another son, Raoul Jordu. During the period 1961–1970, Roach was married to singer Abbey Lincoln, who had performed on several of his albums. In 1971, twin daughters, Ayodele Nieyela and Dara Rashida, were born to Roach and his third wife, Janus Adams Roach.

paragraph: He had four grandchildren: Kyle Maxwell Roach, Kadar Elijah Roach, Maxe Samiko Hinds, and Skye Sophia Sheffield.

paragraph: On June 25, 2019, "The New York Times Magazine" listed Max Roach among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Roach started as a traditional grip player but used matched grip as well as his career progressed.

paragraph: Roach's most significant innovations came in the 1940s, when he and Kenny Clarke devised a new concept of musical time. By playing the beat-by-beat pulse of standard 4/4 time on the ride cymbal instead of on the thudding bass drum, Roach and Clarke developed a flexible, flowing rhythmic pattern that allowed soloists to play freely. This also created space for the drummer to insert dramatic accents on the snare drum, crash cymbal, and other components of the trap set.

paragraph: By matching his rhythmic attack with a tune's melody, Roach brought a newfound subtlety of expression to the drums. He often shifted the dynamic emphasis from one part of his drum kit to another within a single phrase, creating a sense of tonal color and rhythmic surprise. The concept was to shatter musical convention and take advantage of the drummer's unique position. "In no other society", Roach once observed, "do they have one person play with all four limbs."

paragraph: While this is common today, when Clarke and Roach introduced the concept in the 1940s it was revolutionary. "When Max Roach's first records with Charlie Parker were released by Savoy in 1945", jazz historian Burt Korall wrote in the "Oxford Companion to Jazz", "drummers experienced awe and puzzlement and even fear." One of those drummers, Stan Levey, summed up Roach's importance: "I came to realize that, because of him, drumming no longer was just time, it was music."

paragraph: In 1966, with his album "Drums Unlimited" (which includes several tracks that are entirely drum solos) he demonstrated that drums can be a solo instrument able to play theme, variations, and rhythmically cohesive phrases. Roach described his approach to music as "the creation of organized sound." The track "The Drum Also Waltzes" was often quoted by John Bonham in his "Moby Dick" drum solo and revisited by other drummers, including Neil Peart and Steve Smith. Bill Bruford performed a cover of the track on the 1985 album "Flags".

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: Roach was given a MacArthur Genius Grant in 1988 and cited as a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in France in 1989. He was twice awarded the French Grand Prix du Disque, was elected to the International Percussive Art Society's Hall of Fame and the DownBeat Hall of Fame, and was awarded Harvard Jazz Master. He was celebrated by Aaron Davis Hall and was given eight honorary doctorate degrees, including degrees awarded by Medgar Evers College, CUNY, the University of Bologna, and Columbia University, in addition to his alma mater, the Manhattan School of Music.

paragraph: In 1986, the London borough of Lambeth named a park in Brixton after Roach. Roach was able to officially open the park when he visited London in March of that year by invitation from the Greater London Council. During that trip, he performed at a concert at the Royal Albert Hall along with Ghanaian master drummer Ghanaba and others.

paragraph: Roach spent his later years living at the Mill Basin Sunrise assisted living home in Brooklyn, and was honored with a proclamation honoring his musical achievements by Brooklyn borough president Marty Markowitz. Roach was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As leader.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 : "The Max Roach Quartet featuring Hank Mobley" (Debut)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 : "Max Roach + 4" (EmArcy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 : "Jazz in 3/4 Time" (EmArcy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 : "The Max Roach 4 Plays Charlie Parker" (EmArcy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "MAX" (Argo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "Max Roach + 4 on the Chicago Scene" (Mercury)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "Max Roach/Art Blakey" (with Art Blakey)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "Max Roach + 4 at Newport" (EmArcy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "Max Roach with the Boston Percussion Ensemble" (EmArcy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "Deeds, Not Words" (Riverside) – also released as "Conversation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "Award-Winning Drummer" (Time) – also released as "Max Roach"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "Max Roach/Bud Shank – Sessions" with Bud Shank

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 : "The Defiant Ones" – with Booker Little

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 : "The Many Sides of Max" (Mercury)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 : "Rich Versus Roach" (Mercury) – with Buddy Rich

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 : "Quiet as It's Kept" (Mercury)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 : "Moon Faced and Starry Eyed" (Mercury) – with Abbey Lincoln

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 : "Max Roach" (Time) with Booker Little

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 : "Long as You're Living" (Enja) – released 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 : "Parisian Sketches" (Mercury)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 : "We Insist!" (Candid)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 : "Percussion Bitter Sweet" (Impulse!) – with Mal Waldron

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 : "It's Time" (Impulse!) – with Mal Waldron

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 : "Speak, Brother, Speak!" (Fantasy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 : "The Max Roach Trio Featuring the Legendary Hasaan" (Atlantic) – with Hasaan Ibn Ali

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 : "Drums Unlimited" (Atlantic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 : "Members, Don't Git Weary" (Atlantic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 : "Lift Every Voice and Sing" (Atlantic) – with the J.C. White Singers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 : "Force: Sweet Mao–Suid Afrika '76" (duo with Archie Shepp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 : "Nommo" (Victor)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 : "Max Roach Quartet Live in Tokyo" (Denon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 : "The Loadstar" (Horo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 : "Max Roach Quartet Live In Amsterdam – It's Time" (Baystate)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 : "Solos" (Baystate)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 : "Streams of Consciousness" (Baystate) – duo with Dollar Brand

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 : "Confirmation" (Fluid)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 : "Birth and Rebirth" – duo with Anthony Braxton (Black Saint)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 : "The Long March" – duo with Archie Shepp (Hathut)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 : "Historic Concerts" – duo with Cecil Taylor (Black Saint)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 : "One in Two – Two in One" – duo with Anthony Braxton (Hathut)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 : "Pictures in a Frame" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 : "Chattahoochee Red" (Columbia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 : "Swish" – duo with Connie Crothers (New Artists)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 : "In the Light" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 : "Live at Vielharmonie" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 : "Scott Free" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 : "It's Christmas Again" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 : "Survivors" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 : "Easy Winners" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 : "Bright Moments" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 : "" – duo with Dizzy Gillespie (A&M)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 : "Homage to Charlie Parker" (A&M)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 : "To the Max!" (Enja)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 : "Max Roach with the New Orchestra of Boston and the So What Brass Quintet" (Blue Note Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 : "Beijing Trio" (Asian Improv)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 : "Friendship" – (with Clark Terry) (Columbia)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (Verve Records, 1954–60; 1995)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As co–leader.

paragraph: With Clifford Brown

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954: "Best Coast Jazz" (EmArcy Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954: "Clifford Brown All Stars" (EmArcy Records, released 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954: "Jam Session" (EmArcy Records, 1954) with Maynard Ferguson and Clark Terry

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 : "Brown and Roach Incorporated" (EmArcy Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 : "Daahoud" (Mainstream Records, released 1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 : "Clifford Brown with Strings" (EmArcy Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954–55 : "Clifford Brown and Max Roach" (EmArcy Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 : "Study in Brown" (EmArcy Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 : "More Study in Brown"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 : "Clifford Brown and Max Roach at Basin Street" (EmArcy Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 : "Live at the Bee Hive" (Columbia Records)

paragraph: With M'Boom

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 : "" (Strata-East)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 : "M'Boom" (Columbia Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 : "Collage" (Soul Note)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 : "Live at S.O.B.'s New York" (Blue Moon)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: With Chet Baker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Witch Doctor" (Contemporary, 1953 [1985])

paragraph: With Don Byas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Savoy Jam Party" (1946)

paragraph: With Jimmy Cleveland

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Introducing Jimmy Cleveland and His All Stars" (EmArcy, 1955)

paragraph: With Al Cohn

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Al Cohn's Tones" (Savoy, 1953 [1956])

paragraph: With Miles Davis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birth of the Cool" (Capitol, 1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conception" (Prestige, 1951)

paragraph: With John Dennis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Piano Expressions" (1955)

paragraph: With Kenny Dorham

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jazz Contrasts" (Riverside, 1957)

paragraph: With Billy Eckstine

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Metronome All Stars" (1953)

paragraph: With Duke Ellington

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paris Blues" (United Artists, 1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Money Jungle" (United Artists, 1962) – with Charles Mingus

paragraph: With Maynard Ferguson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jam Session featuring Maynard Ferguson" (EmArcy, 1954)

paragraph: With Stan Getz

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Opus BeBop" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stan Getz and the Cool Sounds" (Verve 1953 55, [1957])

paragraph: With Dizzy Gillespie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diz and Getz" (Verve, 1953) – with Stan Getz

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bop Session" (Sonet, 1975) – with Sonny Stitt, John Lewis, Hank Jones and Percy Heath

paragraph: With Benny Golson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Modern Touch" (Riverside, 1957)

paragraph: With Johnny Griffin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Introducing Johnny Griffin" (Blue Note, 1956)

paragraph: With Slide Hampton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drum Suite" (Epic, 1962)

paragraph: With Coleman Hawkins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rainbow Mist" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coleman Hawkins and His All Stars" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Body and Soul" (1946)

paragraph: With Joe Holiday

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mambo Jazz" (1953)

paragraph: With J.J. Johnson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mad Be Bop" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "First Place" (Columbia, 1957)

paragraph: With Thad Jones

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Magnificent Thad Jones" (Blue Note, 1956)

paragraph: With Abbey Lincoln

paragraph: BULLET::::- "That's Him!" (Riverside, 1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Straight Ahead" (Riverside, 1961)

paragraph: With Booker Little

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Out Front" (Candid, 1961)

paragraph: With Howard McGhee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The McGhee–Navarro Sextet" (1950)

paragraph: With Gil Mellé

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gil Mellé Quintet/Sextet" (Blue Note, 1953)

paragraph: With Charles Mingus

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mingus at the Bohemia" (Debut, 1955); "Percussion Discussion" only

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Charles Mingus Quintet & Max Roach" (Debut, 1955)

paragraph: With Thelonious Monk

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (Blue Note, 1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brilliant Corners" (Riverside, 1956)

paragraph: With Herbie Nichols

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Herbie Nichols Trio" (Blue Note, 1955)

paragraph: With Charlie Parker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Town Hall, New York, June 22, 1945" (1945) – with Dizzy Gillespie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Complete Savoy Studio Recordings" (1945–48)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lullaby in Rhythm" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlie Parker's Savoy and Dial sessions"/"Complete Charlie Parker on Dial"/"Charlie Parker on Dial" (Dial, 1945–48)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Band that Never Was" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bird on 52nd Street" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bird at the Roost" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlie Parker Complete Sessions on Verve" (Verve, 1949–53)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlie Parker in France" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at Rockland Palace" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yardbird: DC–53" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big Band" (Clef, 1954)

paragraph: With Oscar Pettiford

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oscar Pettiford Sextet" (Vogue, 1954)

paragraph: With Bud Powell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bud Powell Trip" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Amazing Bud Powell" (Blue Note, 1951)

paragraph: With Sonny Rollins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Work Time" (Prestige, 1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonny Rollins Plus 4" (Prestige, 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tour de Force" (Prestige, 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rollins Plays for Bird" (Prestige, 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saxophone Colossus" (Prestige, 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Freedom Suite" (Riverside, 1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stuttgart 1963 Concert" (1963)

paragraph: With George Russell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New York, N.Y." (1959)

paragraph: With A. K. Salim

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pretty for the People" (Savoy, 1957)

paragraph: With Hazel Scott

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Relaxed Piano Moods" (1955)

paragraph: With Sonny Stitt

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonny Stitt/Bud Powell/J. J. Johnson" (Prestige, 1956)

paragraph: With Stanley Turrentine

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stan "The Man" Turrentine" (Time, 1960 [1963])

paragraph: With Tommy Turrentine

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tommy Turrentine" (1960)

paragraph: With George Wallington

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The George Wallington Trip and Septet" (1951)

paragraph: With Dinah Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dinah Jams" (EmArcy, 1954)

paragraph: With Randy Weston

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Uhuru Afrika" (Roulette, 1960)

paragraph: With Joe Wilder

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Music of George Gershwin: I Sing of Thee" (1956)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roach on Hard Bop

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roach discography at Discogs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography and sessionography

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New York Times" obituary

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New York Sun" obituary

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slate" magazine article (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Roach multimedia directory

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roach's page on La MaMa Archives Digital Collections

description: American jazz percussionist, drummer, and composer

wikidata_label: Max Roach

wikipedia_title: Max Roach


text: Vazimba Alasora Madagascar Rangita Andriamanelo Merina Andriamanelo Imerina

categories: Queens regnant of Madagascar,History of Madagascar,16th-century women rulers

paragraph: Rafohy

paragraph: Queen Rafohy (1530–1540) was a Vazimba queen who ruled at Alasora in the central Highlands of Madagascar until her death. Her name means "The Short One." She succeeded upon the death of Vazimba Queen Rangita, who by different accounts was either her mother or her adoptive sister. This confusion in the oral tradition extends to the two women's very identities - according to different accounts, Rafohy may have been the mother of Rangita, and Rangita may have been the mother of the famed king Andriamanelo.

paragraph: The mother of Andriamanelo (Rafohy or Rangita) married twice: while her first marriage eventually produced one son, the second marriage with a Merina named Manelobe produced a daughter and her eldest son whom she designated to succeed her upon her death. This designated heir, King Andriamanelo (1540–1575) became the first King of Imerina by ultimately turning against the Vazimba and leading a military conquest that would drive them from the Highlands.

paragraph: In accordance with vazimba custom wherein the bodies of the dead were submerged in sacred bodies of water - occasionally after being placed within coffins made from hollowed-out logs - it is said that upon Rafohy's death, her body (like that of Rangita) was submerged in a bog within a silver coffin shaped like an outrigger canoe.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Rafohy

wikipedia_title: Rafohy


text: "fl." Vazimba Merimanjaka Madagascar Rafohy Andriamanelo

paragraph: Rangita

paragraph: Queen Rangita ("fl." 1520–1530), also known as Rangitamanjakatrimovavy, was a Vazimba sovereign who ruled at Merimanjaka in the central highlands of Madagascar after her father, King Andrianmpandramanenitra (Rafandramanenitra). She was succeeded upon her death by her daughter (some sources say her adopted sister), Queen Rafohy (1530-1540).

paragraph: Oral tradition is unclear about the roles and relations of Rangita and Rafohy to one another. This lack of clarity includes who was the mother to whom, who succeeded whom and which one was the mother of Andriamanelo. According to one version of the oral tradition, Rangita had two sons, and possibly one daughter, Rafohy. These accounts relate that Rangita shared the stereotypical Vazimba physical characteristics of small stature and dark skin, and her name means "kinky-haired."

paragraph: It was customary among the "Vazimba" to submerge the bodies of the dead in bodies of water that were designated as sacred for that purpose; it is said that upon Rangita's death, she (like Rafohy) was placed in a silver coffin made to look like an outrigger canoe, which was then submerged in a sacred bog.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Rangita

wikipedia_title: Rangita


text:
monk
Ferapontov Monastery
Kirillov
Vologda Oblast
Luzhetsky Monastery
Mozhaysk
Moscow
saint
Russian Orthodox Church
Volokolamsk
Simonov Monastery
Cyril of White Lake
Lake Beloye
Lake Siverskoye
Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery
hegumen
Principality of Beloozero
Principality of Mozhaysk
Andrey of Mozhaysk
Vasily

categories: Russian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church,14th-century Christian saints,1331 births,15th-century Christian saints

paragraph: Therapont of Belozersk

paragraph: Therapont of Belozersk (1331 – 1426) (, ), also known as Therapont of Mozhaysk, known to the world Feodor Poskochin, was a Russian Orthodox monk credited with the foundation of the Ferapontov Monastery in Northern Russia, now close to Kirillov in Vologda Oblast, and the Luzhetsky Monastery in Mozhaysk close to Moscow. Therapont is venered as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church.

paragraph: Therapont was born as Fyodor Poskochin in a noble family in Volokolamsk in the 1330s. Being already an adult, he decided to become a monk and arrived to the Simonov Monastery in Moscow. There he get acquainted with Cyril, who was to become later Cyril of White Lake. Apparently, Therapont was once commissioned by the monastery to travel to the North of Russia, to the Lake Beloye area. At a certain point, Cyril decided to leave the monastery and seek for a remote area where he could become a hermit. Ferapont agreed to accompany him and suggested that the Lake Beloye area would be most appropriate for that.

paragraph: Between 1390 and 1397 Cyril and Therapont left the Simonov monastery and travelled north to Lake Siverskoye, where they stayed in the place which eventually became Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. For a year they lived together, and then Therapont left and moved to a location in about a dozen kilometers to the northeast now known as Ferapontovo. 1398 is considered as the year when the Ferapontov Monastery was founded. At the beginning, there were not more than 15 monks living in the monastery. Ferapont refused to become a hegumen, but lived for ten years at the monastery.

paragraph: The monastery was located in the Principality of Beloozero, which at the time was administered jointly with the Principality of Mozhaysk. The prince, Andrey of Mozhaysk, resided in Mozhaysk, and was a brother of Vasily, the Grand Prince of Moscow. He was also one of the main sponsors of the monastery. In 1408, he sent a letter to Therapont urging him to come to Mozhaysk, and Therapont was obliged to obey. Even though Therapont, after arriving to Mozhaysk, expressed very clearly his wish to return to White Lake, the prince never let him go. They made a deal, and Therapont founded Luzhetsky Monastery in Mozhaysk. He died in the monastery in 1426.

paragraph: Therapont was venered as a saint since 1549.

description: monk

wikidata_label: Therapont of White Lake

wikipedia_title: Therapont of Belozersk


text:
Serb
linguist
grammarian
philologist
poet
Vuk Karadžić
Kordun
Military Frontier
Austrian Empire
Croatia
Zagreb
Pest University
Johann Christoph Adelung
Serbian language
Vuk Stefanović Karadžić
Buda
Lukijan Mušicki
Sima Milutinović Sarajlija
Pavle Solarić
Jernej Kopitar
Peter P. Dubrovsky
Johann Christoph Adelung
defrocking
Cyrillic
Serbian Orthodox Church
Cyril and Methodius
Vienna
Dositej Obradović
phonemic
Cyrillic
jekavian
Serbian Orthodox Church
Slavonic
philologists
Jernej Kopitar
Dositej Obradović
Sava Tekelija
Lukijan Mušicki
Atanasije Stojković
Pavle Solarić
Vuk Karadžić
Kiril Zhivkovich
Lukijan Mušicki
Horace
Dositej Obradović
Vuk Karadžić
Serbian language
Ђорђе Рајковић
Меша Селимовић
Вукосава Опачић - Лекић
Матица српска
Mile Mrkalj
Гојко Николиш
Jovan Skerlić
Гојко Николиш
Milan Moguš
Josip Vončina
JAZU
Karlovac
Zagreb
СКД „Сава Мркаљ“
Топуско
Милош Окука
СКД Просвјета
Frankfurt am Main
Translated works by Sava Mrkalj

categories: Serbs of Croatia,1833 deaths,Linguists from Serbia,1783 births,People from Karlovac,19th-century Serbian people

paragraph: Sava Mrkalj

paragraph: Sava Mrkalj (; ) (1783–1833) was a Serb linguist, grammarian, philologist, and poet known for his attempt to reform the Serbian language before Vuk Karadžić.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mrkalj was born in the hamlet of Sjeničak in Kordun, at the time Military Frontier, Austrian Empire, now Croatia. He attended high school in Zagreb, and graduated from Pest University with the degree of "Humanitatis et Philosophiæ Doctor."

paragraph: It was in 1805 in Pest that he began to devote himself to philological researches, inspired by the works of German philologist Johann Christoph Adelung and others who were working on language reforms. Mrkalj spoke fluent German, French, Greek and Hebrew. He is best known for attempting to reform the Serbian language before Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. In a publication titled "Сало дебелога јера либо азбукопротрес / Fat of the Thick Yer, i.e. Alphabet Reshuffling" (Buda, 1810), he proposed a simplification of the Serbian alphabet from forty-two to twenty-six letters. His contemporaries were poets and writers Lukijan Mušicki, Ivan Jugović, Sima Milutinović Sarajlija, Jeremija Gagić, Stevan Živković (Telemak), Pavle Solarić, and philologists Luka Milovanov Georgijević (1784–1828), Jernej Kopitar, Peter P. Dubrovsky, and Johann Christoph Adelung. Mrkalj gave his support to Vuk and Kopitar during the Serbian Language Controversy, but retracted everything he wrote when he was threatened with defrocking.

paragraph: His suggestion was considered radical and indeed blasphemous (since the original Cyrillic in use by the Serbian Orthodox Church at the time had allegedly been created by Cyril and Methodius), so Mrkalj received so much offensive criticism from the church hierarchy that he decided to be tonsured as a monk to prove his orthodoxy in 1811, but was so disappointed with the monastic life that he left the order in 1813. In 1817 he retracted his alphabet reform proposal in a publication titled: "A Palinode (or Defense of the Thick Yer)".

paragraph: Later in life, Mrkalj became despondent and was hospitalised in Vienna mental hospital in 1827. Vuk Stefanović Karadžić came to visit him often. Mrkalj died in 1833.

paragraph: Section::::Mrkalj's influence.

paragraph: Among the first Illyrians (as the Serbs were called by the Austrians) Dositej Obradović is the first who in his writings replaced the dead old Slavonic literary language by the living dialect of the people. Sava Mrkalj echoed Dositej's demand for a simplified alphabet for secular writing. He was, in fact, the first to influence Vuk Stefanović Karadžić in forming a new standard for the Serbian literary language based on common use.

paragraph: By far the most significant evidence of Mrkalj's suggested reform appeared in 1810 in a slim volume anticipating Vuk Karadžić's orthographic reform by urging the adoption of a phonemic alphabet in Cyrillic and by prompting the use of the "jekavian" norm. His pamphlet had been severely criticized by the hierarchy of the Serbian Orthodox Church because Mrkalj proposed to simplify the traditional Slavonic alphabet for secular use by eliminating letters that took up too much space, were duplicates and superfluous, or simply stood for sounds not in the Serbian language. The clergy charged that dropping such letters would cause the modern orthography to come into "collision" with the Slavonic. Other linguists and philologists, like Vuk Karadžić and Jernej Kopitar, immediately came to his support, citing Russian spellings that correspond to Russian speech and not Slavonic. Mrkalj suggested, as Dositej Obradović had done in the eighteenth century, that Serbs keep the orthography of the church language separate from the living language they would use in their new, contemporary literature.

paragraph: Of all the orthgraphical reforms proposed by such well-known Serbian writers as Dositej Obradović, Sava Tekelija, Lukijan Mušicki, Atanasije Stojković, Pavle Solarić, Vuk Karadžić favoured Sava Mrkalj's system the best. The principle underlying Mrkalj's system was one sound—one letter, which meant that every sound should be represented by one letter, and that each distinctive sound of the spoken language should have a letter corresponding to it alone.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Besides his philological researches and writings, Mrkalj is also known as an accomplished poet. His earliest poem "Odi, Kirilu Živkoviću" (An Ode to Kiril Zhivkovich), dates from his university days in 1805; "Jao! Jao! Jao tristo puta" (Ouch! Ouch! Ouch Three Hundred Times), an anthology written in 1817; "Sonet preslavnu Arhipastiru", a sonnet dedicated to Serbian poet Lukijan Mušicki who came into conflict with the hierarchy of the Serbian church over the language reforms proposed by Mrkalj and later by Vuk Karadžić; "Starac" (Old Man); and a sonnet to "Jeleni Dijaković na novu godinu" (1828). He also translated some works of Horace. In all fairness, no man after Dositej Obradović and before Vuk Karadžić did so much for the Serbian language under trying times and circumstances.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ђорђе Рајковић: Изабрани списи - Биографије књижевника, Матица српска, Нови Сад, 1950."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Мала Енциклопедија Просвета - Општа Енциклопедија (М-Ш). Издавачко предузеће "Просвета", Београд 1959."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Меша Селимовић: За и против Вука, Beograd 1967."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Вукосава Опачић - Лекић: Сава Мркаљ: живот и дјело, „Матица српска“, Нови Сад 1978."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mile Mrkalj: Sjeničak - kronika kordunaškog sela,"Historijski arhiv", Karlovac 1980."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Гојко Николиш: Сава Мркаљ - повијест о једном страдалнику, "Просвјета", Загреб 1980."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Сава Мркаљ: Песме и списи, СКД Сава Мркаљ", Топуско, 1994. приредио Жарко Ружић."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jovan Skerlić "Istorija nove srpske književnosti", Beograd, 1914

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Гојко Николиш: Сава Мркаљ - повијест о једном страдалнику, „Просвјета“, Загреб 1980."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Milan Moguš i Josip Vončina: "Salo debelog jera libo azbukoprotres" Save Mrkalja, JAZU i Skupština općine Karlovac, Zagreb 1983."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Сава Мркаљ: Песме и списи, СКД „Сава Мркаљ“ Топуско, 1994. приредио Жарко Ружић."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Милош Окука: "Сало дебелог јера либо азбукопретрес" Сава Мркаљ у старом и новом руху, „СКД Просвјета“, Загреб 2010."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An den Anfängen der serbischen Philologie/На почецима српске филологије: "Salo Debeloga Jera Libo Azbukoprotres" Von Sava Mrkalj (1810-2010) "Сало дебелог јера либо азбукопретрес" Савe Мркаљa (1810-2010), Herausgegeben/Приредили Gordana Ilić Marković, Anna Kretschmer und Miloš Okoka, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2012."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Translated works by Sava Mrkalj

description: Serbian linguist

wikidata_label: Sava Mrkalj

wikipedia_title: Sava Mrkalj


text: swimmer

text: Germany

text: East Germany

text: 1988 Summer Olympics

text: men's 400-metre freestyle

text: men's 1,500-metre freestyle

text: Vladimir Salnikov

text: Stefan Pfeiffer

text: men's 4×200-metre freestyle relay

text: German records in swimming

text: Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics

text: Official Website

categories: German male swimmers,Olympic silver medalists for East Germany,Olympic silver medalists in swimming,Olympic gold medalists for East Germany,World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming,1967 births,Olympic bronze medalists for East Germany,Olympic gold medalists in swimming,Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics,People from Ebersbach-Neugersdorf,Former world record holders in swimming,Olympic swimmers of East Germany,Male freestyle swimmers,National People's Army military athletes,European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming,Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists in swimming,Living people

paragraph: Uwe Dassler

paragraph: Uwe Daßler (born 11 February 1967), commonly spelled Uwe Dassler in English, is a former middle- and long-distance swimmer from Germany, who represented East Germany (GDR) in international competition.

paragraph: He was European champion in the 400-metre freestyle in 1985 and 1987.

paragraph: At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, Dassler won three medals. He won a gold medal and set a new world record of 3:46.95 in the men's 400-metre freestyle. He then won a bronze for his third-place finish in the men's 1,500-metre freestyle (15:06.15), behind Soviet Vladimir Salnikov (15:00.40) and West German Stefan Pfeiffer (15:02.69). He also won a silver medal as a member of the second-place East German team in silver men's 4×200-metre freestyle relay (7:13.60).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- German records in swimming

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics

paragraph: BULLET::::- World record progression 400 metres freestyle

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

description: East German swimmer

wikidata_label: Uwe Daßler

wikipedia_title: Uwe Dassler


href: Marwar Rajasthan India Mirabai Rajasthan Chowdhury Harnawa Parbatsar Marwar Ghana Dhoon Rajasthani%20Language Rajasthani%20Language Garhwal%20Kingdom Harnawa Bidiyasar Chaudhary Khinyala Chaudhary Khinyala Gechhol%C4%81v Harnawa Khinyala Harnawa Marwar Gopinath%20%28god%29 Rajasthan Harnawa Rajasthani%20language Gopinath%20%28god%29 Krishna Marwar India Rajasthan Rajasthani%20language Harnawa Gopinath%20%28god%29 Harnawa Harnawa

text:
Marwar
Rajasthan
India
Mira
Rajasthan
Chaudhari
Harnawa
Parbatsar
Marwar
Ghana
Dhoon
Rajasthani Language
Rajasthani Language
Garhwal
Harnawa
Bidiyasar
Chaudhary
Khinyala
Chaudhary
Khinyala
Gechholāv
Harnawa
Khinyala
Harnawa
Marwar
Gopinath
Rajasthan
Harnawa
Rajasthani
Gopinath
Krishna
Marwar
India
Rajasthan
Rajasthani
Harnawa
Gopinath
Harnawa
Harnawa

categories: Sant Mat,People from Rajasthan,Bhakti movement,1504 births

paragraph: Ranabai

paragraph: Ranabai (1504–1570), popularly known as "Vīrānganā Rānābāī", was a female warrior and a Hindu mystical poet whose compositions are popular throughout Marwar region of Rajasthan, India. She is also known as 'Second Mira of Rajasthan".Ranabai temple in Harnawa Patti parbatsar tehsil district nagaur

paragraph: Section::::Birth.

paragraph: Ranabai was born in the family of Chaudhari Jalam Singh of village Harnawa in Parbatsar pargana of Marwar. Jalam Singh was a Hindu Jat chieftain of Ghana gotra. Sagar Mal Sharma in his book 'Rajasthan Ke Sant' has mentioned that her father was Jalam Jat. But as per Dr Pema Ram she was of Dhoon gotra Jat vansha. According to Dr Pema Ram Ranabai was born on "vaishakh shukla tritiya somwar samvat" 1561 (1504 AD). This is also clear from a "doha" by Birdhichand, which reads as under in Rajasthani Language:

paragraph: According to Dr Pema Ram Ranabai's father was Ram Gopal and Jalam Singh was his grandfather. This is also clear from a "doha" by Birdhi Chand, which reads as under in Rajasthani Language:

paragraph: According to Karnisharan Charan of village Indokli also, as mentioned in 'Bā Rānā Jas Bāīsī' (बा राना जस बाईसी), Ram Gopal was father of Ranabai:

paragraph: Chandra Prakash Dudi in his book 'Shri Ranabai Itihas' writes that Ranabai's father was Ram Gopal.

paragraph: Section::::Her family.

paragraph: Jalam Singh, grandfather of Ranabai, had two sons namely, Ramoji (elder) and Ram Gopal (younger). Ram Gopal was married to Gangabai of Garhwal Jat Gotra. He had one son - Buwanji and three daughters namely Dhaanibai, Ranabai and Dhapubai. Thus Ranabai was the daughter of Ram Gopal and his wife Gangabai.

paragraph: Jalam Singh was grandfather of Ranabai and was a powerful sardar of about twenty villages around Harnawa. He was under Bidiyasar Chaudhary of Khinyala. Jalam Sing used to collect tax ("lagan") from farmers and deposited with Chaudhary of Khinyala, who in turn used to send the taxes to Delhi Badshah.

paragraph: Ranabai's father Ram Gopal, being younger, was not that popular. He was not educated and so was Ranabai.

paragraph: Ranabai's "parchi" refers Ranabai's father's name as Jalamji.

paragraph: Section::::Mystical powers.

paragraph: Ranabai after initiation by his guru Chaturdasji Maharaj, also known as Khojiji, completely devoted herself to the bhakti. When her parents became worried about her developments in spiritual matters, she tried to find a place where no body disturbs her in devotion of god. One day she found such place in a jungle behind her house in a cave, locally known as "bhanwra". Without telling any body she went inside the cave and completely engrossed herself in devotion. She remained for about 9–10 months in this cave without any food and water. People believe that god himself provided water and food to her during this period. Her parents searched her every where and at last left the hope of finding her thinking that she might have died. At last when people found her in the "bhanwra", they requested to come out before people. After asceticism and concentrating on meditation Ranabai attained Enlightenment. Her fame spread all around and people started coming to her for getting ashirvad. She attained the status of a "devi".

paragraph: Section::::Story of her bravery.

paragraph: A subedar of Badsah Akbar heard about the fame of unparalleled beauty of Ranabai and her devotion. Once he was stationed near Gechholāv pond at distance of 6 km from village Harnawa with a force of 500 horse-riders. He was a man of bad conduct. One day Jalam Singh was returning from Khinyala after paying tax, when the subedar invited Jalam Singh with a bad intention and pressured him to marry Ranabai with him. Jalam Singh refused his offer and abused him. The Muslim subedar arrested Jalam Singh and attacked Harnawa. When Ranabai learnt that Muslim subedar had attacked Harnawa with a bad intention to marry her she took sword in her hands and attacked the Muslim soldiers like a tigress. She attacked the Muslim subedar and chopped his head off. She also killed many of the soldiers. Looking to her bravery the rest of soldiers ran away. She thus got freed his grandfather Jalam Singh. The story of the bravery of Ranabai spread in the entire Marwar region.

paragraph: Section::::Follower of the Bhakti tradition.

paragraph: Ranabai was a "brahmcharini" (observer of celibacy), a strong devotee of God Gopinath and follower of the Bhakti tradition. The tendency of Ranabai of "bhajan-pujan" since childhood had worried her father. Her parents started searching a suitable boy to marry her, but she refused and said she had selected god as her husband. When her father persuaded for marriage she replied in Rajasthan as under:

paragraph: Ranabai had visited the pilgrimage of Mathura, Vrindavana with Nimbarkacharya Parsuramdev of Salemabad. She is said to have apparently seen Krishna at Vrindavan. She requested god Gopinath to come to her "marudhardesh". It is believed that Gopinath accepted her requests and wished to go in the form of sculpture. Ranabai brought sculptures of Gopinath along with Radha and established them in temple at Harnawa. One of Ranabai's "pada" mentions as under in Rajasthani:

paragraph: Thus Ranabai brought Gopinath and Radha to Harnawa. She always remained busy in worshiping them. She has composed many poems ("padas") for the god Gopinath. She spent most of her time in prayer and worship of Gopinath i.e. Krishna. She left behind a legacy of many soulful and prayerful songs, which are still sung in Marwar region in India today. She is regarded as a saint in the tradition of the Bhakti Movement. The 16th century Bhakti Movement showed the path to salvation by devotion. She is known as second Mira of Rajasthan.

paragraph: Section::::Ranabai's poem.

paragraph: Ranabai's poem is traditionally called a "pada", a term used by the 14th century preachers for a small spiritual song. This is usually composed in simple rhythms and carries a refrain within itself. Her collection of songs is called the Padavali. The typicality of Indian love poetry of those days was used by Ranabai but as an instrument to express her deepest emotions felt for her ishta-devata Gopinath. Her typical medium of singing was Rajasthani.

paragraph: Section::::Samadhi of Ranabai.

paragraph: Ranabai took a live samadhi at village Harnawa on "falgun shukla trayodashi samvat" 1627 (1570 AD). Birdhi Chand has mentioned in one "doha" about her taking of samadhi:

paragraph: Similarly Karnisharan Charan also mentions in a doha about Ranabai leaving this world as under:

paragraph: Ranabai's brother Bhuwanji built a kachchi samadhi after she left the world. The samadhi is still present near the temple of Gopinath in Harnawa. The worship of samadhi and the Gopinath temple is done traditionally by the descendants of her family.

paragraph: On the samadhi site at Harnawa village there is an annual grand fair organized every year on the Hindu calendar date "bhadva sudi teras", when devotees come from far off places. There is a grand dharamshala near the samadhi site in Harnawa for stay arrangements of the devotees.

description: Hindu poet and warrioe

wikidata_label: Ranabai

wikipedia_title: Ranabai


text:
Urdiain
Navarre
road bicycle racer
UCI Professional Continental
Funvic Soul Cycles–Carrefour
Vuelta a Castilla y León
Team Ukyo
Profile on team site

categories: Spanish male cyclists,1980 births,Tour de France cyclists,Vuelta a España cyclists,People from Barranca (comarca),Living people,Giro d'Italia cyclists

paragraph: Pablo Urtasun

paragraph: Pablo Urtasun Pérez (born 29 March 1980 in Urdiain, Navarre) is a Spanish professional road bicycle racer for UCI Professional Continental team Funvic Soul Cycles–Carrefour. In 2013, Urtasun earned his team's first victory of the season by outsprinting his rivals in the first stage of the Vuelta a Castilla y León.

paragraph: Urtasun joined the PinoRoad squad for the 2014 season, after his previous team –  – folded at the end of the 2013 season. For the 2015 season, he joined the Japanese UCI Continental team Team Ukyo.

paragraph: Section::::Career achievements.

paragraph: Section::::Career achievements.:Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on team site

description: Spanish road bicycle racer

wikidata_label: Pablo Urtasun

wikipedia_title: Pablo Urtasun


text: Valognes

text: Chevalier de l'Empire

text: Baron de l'Empire

text: Bibliothèque nationale

text: collège d'Harcourt

text: Étienne Lauréault de Foncemagne

text: Claudius Aelianus

text: Académie des inscriptions

text: Cyropaedia

text: Xenophon

text: contributions directes

text: Louis XVI

text: Seine-et-Oise

text: French Revolution

text: Tribunat

text: Bibliothèque nationale

text: Champollion

text: famous 1822 letter

text: Lettre à M. Dacier

text: Egyptian hieroglyphics

text: Académie française

text: Pierre-François Tissot

text: Lebrun

text: cimetière du Père-Lachaise

text: Journal des sçavans

text: Order of Saint Lazarus

text: Élien le Sophiste

text: Cyropédie

text: Xenophon

text: Les chroniques

text: Jehan Froissart

text: Napoleon I of France

text: Académie française

text: Analysis of the "Rapport historique"

categories: 1833 deaths,French historians,Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques,Translators from Greek,Translators to French,1742 births,French librarians,Knights of the First French Empire,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,French philologists,French classical scholars,People from Manche

paragraph: Bon-Joseph Dacier

paragraph: Bon Joseph Dacier (Valognes, 1 April 1742 – Paris, 4 February 1833) was a French historian, philologist and translator of ancient Greek. He became a Chevalier de l'Empire (16 December 1813), then Baron de l'Empire (29 May 1830). He also served as curator of the Bibliothèque nationale.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: After studying at the collège d'Harcourt, he became the student and assistant of Étienne Lauréault de Foncemagne. Dacier came to public notice in 1772 via his translation of the "Histories" of Claudius Aelianus and the same year became an associate member of the Académie des inscriptions, becoming its president and permanent secretary in 1782. In that position, he wrote the organisation's history from 1784 to 1830. He translated the "Cyropaedia" by Xenophon (1777). He became a member of Paris's corps municipal in 1790 and led the imposition of the new system of contributions directes, but refused Louis XVI's offer of the post of finance minister. After retiring to Seine-et-Oise during the French Revolution, he became a member of the Tribunat in 1799. In 1800 he was made curator of manuscripts at the Bibliothèque nationale and elected to the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques.

paragraph: It was to Dacier that Champollion sent his famous 1822 letter, known widely as "Lettre à M. Dacier", revealing his discovery of how to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics. At age 80, Dacier was elected to the Académie française in 1822; at the time he was the oldest member of the society. He was made a baron on 26 May 1830. Pierre-François Tissot, his successor in the Académie, said of him that "he had the sanest ideas on scholarship, and he unceasingly tended to give it a useful and philosophical direction. "Don't look for gold mines" he said to his brother-academicians and especially to their young emulators. [ ... ] Nothing could be more dangerous than his elogies; they were believed like an epigram by Lebrun. On the other hand, he liked to support the development of talent; after having the good luck of having found something, his greatest pleasure was to bring it to public light." Biographic notice n° 124, devoted to him on page 118 of "Le premier siècle de l'Institut de France" (1895), gives his name as "DACIER (Le Baron Bon, Joseph)". He is buried in the cimetière du Père-Lachaise (29th Division, 4th line, S, 33).

paragraph: Section::::Main works.

paragraph: Journals edited by Bon Joseph Dacier included the "Journal des sçavans", and he also wrote on the history of the Order of Saint Lazarus (of which he was a member). He also wrote several historical articles.

paragraph: Section::::Main works.:Translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoires diverses d'Élien le Sophiste" (1772). Online text :

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Cyropédie, ou Histoire de Cyrus" (by Xenophon, 2 volumes, 1777)

paragraph: Section::::Main works.:Other.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les chroniques de Jehan Froissart" (1788). Left incomplete due to the 1793 troubles

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rapport historique sur les progrès de l'histoire et de la littérature ancienne depuis 1789 et sur leur état actuel" (1810). Reissued : Belin, Paris, 1989. – commissioned by Napoleon I of France and published in 1810, remains a reference work for historians of the French Revolution.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire et mémoires de l'Institut royal de France. Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres" (10 volumes, 1821–33)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Académie française

paragraph: BULLET::::- Analysis of the "Rapport historique"

description: French historian, philologist and translator from ancient Greek

wikidata_label: Bon-Joseph Dacier

wikipedia_title: Bon-Joseph Dacier


text: Léran

text: Ariège

text: Lavelanet

text: grandee of Spain

text: Claude Silve

text: Prix Femina

text: Académie française

categories: French male novelists,20th-century French novelists,Dukes of Lévis,People from Ariège (department),1884 births,People affiliated with Action Française,Order of the Francisque recipients,20th-century French historians,20th-century essayists,Grandees of Spain,Barons of France,1981 deaths,French male essayists,French essayists

paragraph: Antoine de Lévis-Mirepoix

paragraph: Antoine Pierre Marie François Joseph de Lévis-Mirepoix (1 August 1884 in Léran, Ariège – 16 July 1981, in Lavelanet) was a French historian, novelist and essayist. He was known as duke of Lévis-Mirepoix (having inherited the dukedom on his father's death on 10 May 1915), also having the titles of fifth duke of San Fernando Luis, grandee of Spain and 4th baron of de Lévis-Mirepoix. The writer Claude Silve, winner of the Prix Femina in 1935 for her novel "Bénédiction" was his sister.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philippe Auguste et ses trois femmes", Coll. Histoire, XXXIII, Club des Libraires de France, Paris, 1962, 328 pages

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hubert Cuny and Nicole Dreneau, "Le Gotha français : état présent des familles ducales et princières (depuis 1940)", L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux, 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comité de Défense du Château de Lagarde "chateau-lagarde.com"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Académie française

description: French writer

wikidata_label: Antoine de Lévis Mirepoix

wikipedia_title: Antoine de Lévis-Mirepoix