text: Finnish

text: Jean Sibelius

text: Helsinki

text: Grand Duchy of Finland

text: Kansallis-Osake-Pankki

text: Ainola

text: Järvenpää

text: Clara

text: Robert Schumann

text: Royal Photographic Society

categories: Finnish writers,1899 births,Finnish photographers,1987 deaths,Writers from Helsinki

paragraph: Santeri Levas

paragraph: Benno Aleksander "Santeri" Levas (till 1936 Lehmann; 8 February 1899 – 10 March 1987) was a Finnish writer and photographer, best known for his books on the composer Jean Sibelius.

paragraph: Santeri Levas was born in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland, in 1899, to the family of Nicolai Lehmann and Hertta "née" Piispanen. His main career was in the service of Kansallis-Osake-Pankki (1923–1962) as a correspondence clerk and a departmental manager, but he started to publish both fact and fiction, first under pseudonymes, in the mid-1920s. Levas was educated a Master of Arts (1936) and a sworn translator.

paragraph: Levas served as a long-time private secretary to Jean Sibelius, from 1938 till his death in 1957. During their discussions, he was able to jot down unique material for a biography of the master, but it was agreed that the book should only be published after the death of the composer.

paragraph: In 1945, however, Levas published a photographic book on the Sibelius residence, Ainola, in Järvenpää; separate editions were published in both Finnish and Swedish. The second edition, "Jean Sibelius and His Home", from 1955 presented the text in four languages.

paragraph: The main work of Levas, the two-volume biography of Sibelius, was first published in Finnish in 1957–1960, and translated into English as an abridged version, "Sibelius: A Personal Portrait", in 1972. He also published a biography of Clara and Robert Schumann and several travel books, observing and documenting life in the post-war Germany and Austria, among others.

paragraph: In the 1940s–1950s Levas was a chairman of the Helsinki and later Finnish Photographic Society. He was also an honorary member of Fédération Internationale de l’Art Photographique and an Associate of the Royal Photographic Society (ARPS). His photographs and writings were published in Sweden, Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

paragraph: Santeri Levas died at the age of 88 in Helsinki.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Syntymähoroskooppi: Astrologian alkeiskirja (Horoskoopin lukeminen)". Mystica, Helsinki 1925 (as "Benno A. Lehmann").

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Näkymätön käskijä ja muita kertomuksia". WSOY 1928 (as "Benno A. Piispanen").

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jean Sibelius ja hänen Ainolansa". Otava 1945.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jean Sibelius och hans hem." Schildt 1945.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kameran taidetta." Edited by Santeri Levas and Arvi Hanste. Kameraseura & WSOY 1946.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Helsinki: valoa ja varjoa". Edited by Arvi Hanste, Santeri Levas and Veli Molander. WSOY 1950.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Suuren säveltäjän rakkaus: Robert ja Clara Schumannin elämäntarina". WSOY 1952.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jättiläisten jäljissä: Autolla Itävallassa ja muuallakin". WSOY 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jean Sibelius ja hänen Ainolansa – Jean Sibelius och hans hem – Jean Sibelius and His Home – Jean Sibelius und sein Heim." (2nd edition.) Otava 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nuori Sibelius: Jean Sibelius, muistelma suuresta ihmisestä: ensimmäinen osa". WSOY 1957.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Järvenpään mestari: Jean Sibelius, muistelma suuresta ihmisestä: toinen osa". WSOY 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kultaisen saaren kevät: Kirja Mallorcasta ja sen rakastavaisista". WSOY 1963.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ihmisiä Itämeren aurinkosaarella: Tarua ja totta Gotlannista". WSOY 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romanttinen reitti halki Saksan: Autolla Itämereltä Baijerin alpeille". WSOY 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jean Sibelius". Tõlkinud L. Sarv ja L. Viiding. Eesti Raamat 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sibelius: A Personal Portrait." Translated by Percy M. Young. J. M. Dent 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jean Sibelius: Muistelma suuresta ihmisestä". WSOY 1986. (Combined edition.)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liukkonen, Voitto (ed.): "Suuri kansalaishakemisto" II (p. 135). Kustannusosakeyhtiö Puntari 1967.

alias:
Santeri Lehmann
Benno Aleksander Levas
Benno Aleksander Lehmann
Benno A. Piispanen
Benno A. Lehmann

description: Finnish writer and photographer

wikidata_label: Santeri Levas

wikipedia_title: Santeri Levas


text:
footballer
AD Unión Adarve
left winger
forward
Segunda División B
Lugo
Jorge Wilstermann
Madrid
Real Madrid
CD El Álamo
DAV Santa Ana
RSD Alcalá
CA Pinto
UD San Sebastián de los Reyes
CDA Navalcarnero
CD Leganés
Zamora CF
SD Ponferradina
UB Conquense
CD Lugo
2011–12 season
Segunda División
CD Atlético Baleares
Cádiz CF
substitute
SD Huesca
transfer window
Club Jorge Wilstermann
Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano
his only full campaign
Apertura
Tercera División
CU Collado Villalba
taxicab

categories: Spanish footballers,Spanish expatriate footballers,RSD Alcalá players,Segunda División players,Association football wingers,CF Rayo Majadahonda players,UB Conquense footballers,CD Leganés players,1981 births,CDA Navalcarnero players,Zamora CF footballers,Expatriate footballers in Bolivia,Sportspeople from Madrid,Living people,CD Lugo players,Madrilenian footballers,Bolivian Primera División players,Segunda División B players,SD Ponferradina players,UD San Sebastián de los Reyes players,Association football forwards,Tercera División players,C.D. Jorge Wilstermann players

paragraph: Gerardo Berodia

paragraph: Gerardo García Berodia (born 6 June 1981) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for AD Unión Adarve as a left winger or a forward.

paragraph: He amassed Segunda División B totals of 208 matches and 54 goals over eight seasons, representing nine clubs. Professionally, he appeared for Lugo and Jorge Wilstermann.

paragraph: Section::::Football career.

paragraph: Born in Madrid, Berodia joined Real Madrid in 1991 at age 10. He left seven years later and, until the age of 31, competed solely in lower league and amateur football, representing CD El Álamo, DAV Santa Ana, RSD Alcalá, CA Pinto, UD San Sebastián de los Reyes, CDA Navalcarnero, CD Leganés, Zamora CF, SD Ponferradina, UB Conquense and CD Lugo; with the latter club, he contributed with seven goals in the 2011–12 season to help to promotion to Segunda División after a two-decade absence, also being featured in the playoffs against CD Atlético Baleares and Cádiz CF.

paragraph: Berodia appeared in his first game as a professional on 15 September 2012, coming on as a 75th-minute substitute in a 2–4 home loss against SD Huesca. In the following transfer window, he moved abroad for the first time in his career and joined several compatriots at Club Jorge Wilstermann from the Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano.

paragraph: Berodia scored 14 goals in his only full campaign, notably helping his team finish fourth in the "Apertura". He returned to Spain shortly after due to family reasons, signing with former side Navalcarnero.

paragraph: On 10 January 2016, during a Tercera División fixture at CU Collado Villalba, Berodia netted seven times in a final 12–1 routing, as the opposition fielded only youth players in protest against the board of directors.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: After returning to Spain in the middle of 2014, finding himself unemployed, Berodia bought a taxicab to provide for his family. He continued exercising the profession still as an active player.

description: Spanish footballer

wikidata_label: Gerardo Berodia

wikipedia_title: Gerardo Berodia


text:
Paulus Constantijn la Fargue
Maria Margaretha
Jacob Elias
Isaac Lodewijk
Confrerie Pictura
Karel la Fargue
Artnet

categories: 1793 deaths,People from Voorburg,Dutch male painters,18th-century Dutch painters,Members of The Hague Guild of Saint Luke,1738 births

paragraph: Karel la Fargue

paragraph: Karel la Fargue (1738–1793), was an 18th-century Dutch painter from the northern Netherlands.

paragraph: He was born in The Hague to Jan Thomas la Fargue and was the younger brother of Paulus Constantijn la Fargue. His other siblings Maria Margaretha, Jacob Elias and Isaac Lodewijk also became painters.

paragraph: In 1768 he became a member of the Confrerie Pictura, along with his brother Isaac.

paragraph: He is known for topographical views like his older brother. He died in The Hague.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karel la Fargue on Artnet

alias:
Karel La Fargue
K. la Fargue

description: painter from the Northern Netherlands

wikidata_label: Karel la Fargue

wikipedia_title: Karel la Fargue


text:
Chumash
Police commissioner
Monterey
Native American
Spanish
Mexican
California
Chumash Revolt of 1824
Alta California
Mission La Purisima
Franciscan
earthquake
Presidio
King Ferdinand VII
Spanish missions
Mission Santa Inés
Presidio of Santa Barbara
Mission San Fernando Rey de España
Mission Santa Barbara
Mexican Army
The Mexican Governor of Alta California
Luis Antonio Argüello
Hanging
chain gang labor
Ayuntamiento
breech-clout
Smallpox

categories: Native American leaders,Chumash,Deaths from smallpox,1840 deaths,1794 births

paragraph: Pacomio

paragraph: José Pacomio Poqui, better known as Pacomio, was a Chumash revolutionary, carpenter and "comisario de policia" (Police commissioner) of Monterey, who led one of the most significant Native American uprisings against the Spanish and Mexican rule of California, the Chumash Revolt of 1824. Pacomio's revolt against the Mexican-Spanish establishment was perhaps the most brutal in California's history, and grimly showed the Mexican government that California's indigenous population was not as servile as once thought.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Pacomio Poqui was born on La Ranchería de Esniscue, Alta California around 1794 to Chumash parents, and was baptized and given the Spanish name José at Mission La Purisima in 1803. During his time as a young boy at Mission La Purisima, he proved to be extraordinarily intelligent, which won him the favor of the mission's Franciscan friars. The friars taught the young Chumash how to read and speak Spanish, which was rarely practiced by the Spaniards. Most priests did not bother to teach the new indigenous converts their Spanish language, focusing instead on teaching them the basic symbols and ideology of Catholicism. Pacomio's fluent understanding of Spanish would become invaluable later in life.

paragraph: In August 1807, at the age of thirteen, Pacomio married the eleven-year-old neophyte Gordiana. The couple would live childless in Mission La Purisima for twelve more years, until Gordiana's unexpected death in 1819. At the same time, Pacomio trained to become a carpenter, working under the watchful eyes of Salvador Carabantes and, after 1811, master stonemason José Antonio Ramírez. In December 1812, Mission La Purisima was totally destroyed by an earthquake, and the craftsmen of the former mission were instructed to build a new version three miles to the north of the original site. Pacomio and other neophyte craftsmen, like Mariano Francisco, Sebastián Tomás and Juan Nepomunceno, worked hard on the arduous task. Upon Gordiana's death, Pacomio and Tomás traveled to Monterey to work on the Presidio. After his duties in the Presidio expired, Pacomio took a liking to the city, and settled there. In February 1820 he married the widow Eusebia María, and in December had a daughter, María de Jesús. However, in 1824, growing tensions between his people, the Chumash, and the new Mexican Government forced him to leave his family in Monterey. Little did Pacomio know how significant those tensions were to become.

paragraph: Section::::Chumash Revolt of 1824.

paragraph: When Mexico gained control over Spanish California in 1821, following its own independence from Spain, things seemed hopeless for the former Spanish colonists and soldiers. Not only had a former Spanish colony won independence and taken over their land, but under the orders of the unpopular King Ferdinand VII, the Spanish government had stopped their funding of all of the Spanish missions and presidios in California. This news was too much for the Spanish settlers to bear, and former Spanish soldiers began to take their anger out on the Native Californians. On February 21, 1824, a young Chumash boy from Mission La Purisima was severely beaten by a Mexican soldier when he was visiting a relative imprisoned inside the Mission Santa Inés guardhouse. This brutal act caused the Chumash neophytes in the mission to take up arms against the soldiers, attacking them with arrows and setting multiple buildings on fire. Two of the Chumash assailants were killed. After a heated battle with many wounded and the arrival Chumash reinforcements, the mission's priest and soldiers barricaded themselves inside a building, where they waited to be rescued until the next day, by a detachment of Mexican troops from the Presidio of Santa Barbara. The soldiers forced the Santa Inés rebels into the neophyte housing of the mission, which they promptly burnt down to flush the Chumash out. Some of the Chumash ran off to the two nearest missions, Santa Barbara and La Purisima, to inform their fellow Chumash of the revolt, and to join them. One messenger met with the "Wot" (leader) of the Chumash tribe, and informed him of the successful revolt against Mission Santa Inés. The Chumash leader ordered a call to arms among his people and more attacks on the surrounding missions, as well as the evacuation of all women and children to the mountains. The Chumash warriors armed themselves with bows and arrows and machetes, preparing for the inevitable conflict against the Mexican soldiers.

paragraph: As the Chumash revolted against the Mexican soldiers inside Mission Santa Inés, a group of 2,000 Chumash warriors made a frontal assault on Mission La Purisima, capturing it and taking the soldiers, priests and civilians inside as prisoners. During the assault of the mission, one Chumash warrior was killed, and in retaliation, the rebels massacred four innocent travelers that they had captured during the battle. On February 24, The surviving soldiers and civilians inside La Purisima were allowed to travel back to the safety of Mission Santa Inés unharmed. Only one Franciscan, Father Antonio Rodríguez, stayed behind with the Chumash insurgents.

paragraph: On February 22, the next day after the initial revolt, the Chumash occupiers were reinforced by the warriors fleeing from the skirmish at Santa Inés, as well as Chumash from Mission San Fernando Rey de España. The insurgents began to fortify La Purisima, erecting wooden palisades and cutting gun loops out of the mission's walls, arming themselves with the mission's muskets. Simultaneously, Mission Santa Barbara was also captured by another force of Chumash, who forced the mission's soldiers, clergy and civilians to retreat to the nearby Santa Barbara Presidio. Soon after the capture of Mission Santa Barbara, however, a small force of Mexican troops and priests arrived at the mission from the presidio, attempting to negotiate the surrender of the Santa Barbara rebels. Predictably, the Chumash refused, and a heated battle raged inside the mission for multiple hours, ending with two Chumash killed and three wounded, and four Mexican soldiers wounded. The Mexican detachment fled back to the presidio, while the Chumash defenders sacked the mission of its valuables and supplies, and retreated into the back country.

paragraph: Upon hearing the news of the revolt at Santa Inés, as well as the uprisings at the surrounding missions, Pacomio was overjoyed. His people had finally resisted against the cruel subjugation that they had faced for many years. Pacomio left his family after the Santa Inés revolt, to join up with the Chumash at Mission La Purisima. He assumed command over the force of 400 Chumash there, and began to train them in the art of European warfare. Pacomio issued his warriors gunpowder and muskets, drilling his men endlessly with the intention that they would become proficient with the foreign weaponry. He also trained them to use the mission's two swivel guns, in order to bring heavier firepower against the well-trained Mexican Army.

paragraph: Nearly a month after the initial revolt on February 21, 1824, a company of 100 Mexican soldiers, cavalrymen and priests, as well as a four-pound cannon, arrived at Mission La Purisima in the morning, intent on violently crushing the rebellion. The Mexican Governor of Alta California, Luis Antonio Argüello, had had enough chaos in his country's new territory, and had given the order for the Chumash rebellion to be quelled with bloodshed, if necessary. A bloody battle broke out at Mission La Purisima, with Pacomio bravely leading the insurgents against the Mexicans. The Chumash let loose precise musket volleys, which scattered the Mexican ranks, and torrents of lethal arrows rained down upon the Mexican soldiers and cavalry. The Mexicans charged the Chumash with their cavalrymen, armed with muskets, who provided support and covering fire for the infantry. The four-pound cannon opened fire on the insurgents, killing many and causing disorder among the Chumash ranks. Eventually, as the battle progressed, Pacomio ordered the mission's two swivel guns to fire upon the enemy. However, the Chumash manning the guns had very little experience with them, and the two swivel guns misfired, exploding in the gunners' faces, killing them instantly. Dismayed, Pacomio commanded his men to hold strong, despite the loss of the cannons. After a morning of intense fighting, a ceasefire was negotiated by Father Rodríguez. The casualties at the end of the battle were appalling: five Mexican soldiers were killed, as well as many wounded, while sixteen Chumash were killed and wounded. After the Battle of La Purisima, Pacomio and his remaining warriors surrendered. The captured La Purisima rebels were rounded up and taken to Monterey, where they were tried in court. Seven Chumash were convicted of the murder of the four travelers at Mission La Purisima, and were publicly executed by Hanging. The four leaders of the revolt, Pacomio, Mariano, Benito and Bernarde, were sentenced to ten years of chain gang labor (Benito and Bernarde managed to escape the Monterey prison, and fled into the mountains to join their kin). After two months of unrest, the bloodiest Native American uprising in Californian history was over.

paragraph: Section::::Life After the Revolt and Death.

paragraph: After serving his sentence of ten years of hard labor for his role in the Chumash Revolt of 1824, Pacomio was reunited with his family in Monterey in 1834. He continued with his skill in carpentry, making furniture for the Monterey Presidio and Mission La Purisima. Pacomio's business began to flourish, as Monterey's population was booming. The population of 1,600 in 1830 would increase to nearly 2,000 in 1845. At the age of thirteen, in 1833, María de Jesús married Gregorio, a Chumash neophyte who participated in the Revolt. In 1836, however, soon after moving into her father's house with her husband, María died in childbirth at the age of sixteen.

paragraph: Despite the loss of his daughter, Pacomio was becoming an influential man in the Monterey community and local government. His contemporaries described him as "a well-educated neophyte, skillful carpenter and cabinet-maker" as well as "an intelligent citizen and member of the Ayuntamiento (city council) of Monterey." Ironically, the man who had led the Chumash in revolt in 1824 was offered the position of Monterey's "comisario de policia", or Police commissioner, in 1836, which Pacomio gladly accepted. Throughout the rest of his life in Monterey, Pacomio never lost touch with his native heritage and identity. Citizens walking past his house regularly observed him outside, singing "Chumash songs while dancing, dressed only in a breech-clout, his body painted red, white and black, and with feathers on his head." Unfortunately, Pacomio's life was a relatively short one, with him and wife both perishing from the Monterey Smallpox Epidemic of 1844. Monterey had lost a man whose exploits had changed California's history, and ultimately, America's history as well.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leffingwell, Randy (2005). California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions. Voyageur Press, Inc., Stillwater, MN. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kimbro, Edna E. The California Missions: History, Art, and Preservation. Los Angeles, California: Getty, 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin, Joel. Native Americans, Christianity, and the Reshaping of the American Religious Landscape. N.p.: University NC, Oct 1, 2010.

description: Chumash revolutionary, carpenter

wikidata_label: Pacomio

wikipedia_title: Pacomio


text: feminist art

text: installation art

text: Corcoran

text: University of California, Los Angeles

text: Robert Miller Gallery

text: B.Ed.

text: University of Illinois at Chicago

text: School of the Art Institute of Chicago

text: "frottage"

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago

text: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Walker Art Center

text: Contemporary Arts Center

text: The New York Times

text: Pollock-Krasner Foundation

text: Betty Cuningham Gallery, NYC

text: Official website

text: Davidson at the Ulrich Museum of Art

text: Archives of American Art

categories: Northeastern Illinois University alumni,University of Illinois at Chicago alumni,American women artists,Living people,American sculptors

paragraph: Nancy Davidson (artist)

paragraph: Nancy Brachman Davidson is an American feminist artist working in sculpture, installation art, photography and video. Her work has been shown at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia or ICA, the Corcoran in Washington D.C., the Wight Gallery at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), as well as the Shoshana Wayne Gallery in Los Angeles and Robert Miller Gallery  in New York, among others.

paragraph: Section::::Early works.

paragraph: Nancy Davidson grew up in Chicago and received a B.Ed. from Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, and a B.F.A. from the University of Illinois at Chicago or UIC. She received her M.F.A. from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1975 where she began her professional career, exhibiting in solo shows in 1977 and ‘78 before relocating to New York in 1979. Her early works dealt with the recorded gestures of her hand and body. In one such piece the artist employed "frottage", using her bodily weight to transfer the patterns of the wooden floor underneath her to strips of paper. The resulting work was a record of touch formed by her gestures and complicated by the irregularities of the floor’s surface. It was her first work to operate on a large scale and to connect bilateral symmetry and curved forms, stylistic themes that would come to define her practice for several decades. During the ‘70s Davidson became affiliated with the Chicago-based abstraction movement. She exhibited at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, the Art Institute of Chicago and the Walker Art Center.

paragraph: Section::::Sculpture.

paragraph: Davidson moved to New York in 1979, and exhibited in solo shows at Haber Theodore Gallery in New York in 1981, and Marianne Deson in Chicago in ’81, '83 and ’85. During the mid-to-late eighties, she began a series of sculptural investigations into the feminized body as theater. The artist later described, “I was still interested in minimal forms, but I began to sense a need to communicate with the viewer more. And it seemed to me minimal forms purposely distanced themselves from that kind of communication.” After 1992 Davidson refocused her work with sculpture, using inflated weather balloons to challenge the notions of contemporary monumental sculpture while simultaneously repurposing comedic tropes of bodily mass, fleshiness and beauty. These enormous inflatable sculptures fill galleries beyond capacity as physical, “breathing” embodiments of sensuality and brazen confidence taken to its absurd limits. In 1999-2000 The Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia exhibited Davidson’s installations and sculptures in the exhibition "Breathless". The artist’s first video, eponymously named "Breathless", was made as part of the immersive media for this show. During the same time Davidson also began exhibiting photographs created from close-up photographs of her sculpture. “By constructing such images instead of photographing real women, Ms. Davidson means to reflect on the media’s construction of women as objects of desire, and she does so in works that are, like the icons they evoke, from Mae West to Marilyn Monroe, seductive and slyly ironic.”

paragraph: Davidson has exhibited widely, including at the Contemporary Arts Center (CAC) in Cincinnati, Ohio in 2001, at the Robert Miller Gallery in New York 2001, and in her 2002 solo show "Plenty" at the Miller Gallery at Carnegie Mellon University. In 1997 The New York Times featured Davidson in an article about the Anonymous Was A Woman award Davidson had received. In 2002, the Corcoran Gallery of Art also commissioned "Double Exposure" as part of the 47th Corcoran Biennial. Critics and writers have praised her work for its “assertive sexual expression... and use of excess for humorous effect.” In 2001 Davidson was awarded a grant from the Pollock-Krasner Foundation. In 2005 Creative Capital funded Davidson’s proposal to place enormous inflatable cowgirls in public spaces. In 2012 Davidson exhibited “Dustup” at Betty Cuningham Gallery, NYC.

paragraph: Davidson's first video project "Breathless" was completed in 1999 with the help of filmmaker Ken Kobland and sound artist Judith Dunbar. Her recent video projects "Jan’s Last Ride" (2007) and "All Stories are True" (2009) spun out from research for the grant she was awarded by Creative Capital in 2005. Focusing on the living history of the rodeo cowgirl, these videos examine performance and ritual in American rodeo culture.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and Residencies.

paragraph: 1979 - Individual Artist Fellowship, National Endowment for the Arts

paragraph: 1980 - Yaddo Residency Artist Fellowship

paragraph: 1981 - Individual Artist Fellowship, Massachusetts Council of the Arts

paragraph: 1984 - Completion Grant, Massachusetts Council of the Arts

paragraph: 1996 - Djerassi Residency Artist Fellowship

paragraph: 1997 - Anonymous was a Woman Award

paragraph: 2001 - Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant

paragraph: 2003 - Yaddo Residency Artist Fellowship & MacDowell Residency Artist Fellowship

paragraph: 2005 - Creative Capital Artist Grant

paragraph: 2010 - Pilchuck Artist Resident, Seattle, Washington

paragraph: 2014 - John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship

paragraph: 2015 - Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davidson at the Ulrich Museum of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davidson artist page at Creative Capital

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nancy Davidson at Betty Cuningham Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archives of American Art

alias:
Nancy B. Davidson
Nancy Brachman Davidson

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Nancy Davidson

wikipedia_title: Nancy Davidson (artist)


text:
Genoa
doge
Republic of Genoa
Venetians
battle of Alghero
"popolani"
Black Sea
Byzantium
kingdom of Aragon
Ottomans
lire
Paganino Doria
Constantinople
Alghero
Sardinia
Antonio de' Grimaldi
Visconti
Milan

categories: 14th-century rulers in Europe,14th-century Genoese people,1360 deaths,Doges of Genoa

paragraph: Giovanni II Valente

paragraph: Giovanni II Valente (... – Genoa, 1360) was the third doge of the Republic of Genoa. His time in office was marked by the crushing defeat of the city against the Venetians at the naval battle of Alghero. Giovanni had already asked to succeed the first doge of the Republic in December 1345 but had turn down the responsibility.

paragraph: Section::::A doge at war.

paragraph: After the death of his predecessor, Giovanni I da Murta, a short crisis of succession ensued. The "popolani" supported Luchino Fieschi while the patricians and the partisans of the late doge backed his son, Tommaso da Murta. Giovanni Valente finally emerged as a candidate of compromise and was elected on January 9, 1350.

paragraph: When Valente abandoned the careful foreign policy of his predecessor and tried to expel entirely the Venetians from the Black Sea, the tension between Genoa and Venice erupted into open warfare. Each navy plundered the merchant fleets of the opposing side in the Eastern Mediterranean. Venice formed an alliance with Byzantium and the kingdom of Aragon, forcing the Genoese to seek the support of the Ottomans. On November 17, 1350, to pay for the expenses of the war, the Republic had to levy a forced-loan of 300,000 "lire" at an interest of 10% from an association of creditors known as the "Compera imposita per gerra Venetorum".

paragraph: On March 9, 1352, the Genoese fleet under the command of Paganino Doria won a naval victory against the coalition near Constantinople. The following year, in August, near Alghero, on the island of Sardinia, the Genoese navy, under Antonio de' Grimaldi was crushed by the Venetians.

paragraph: Section::::Resignation.

paragraph: Confronted with the threat of a new civil war breaking out in the city and the prospect of foreign invasion, the council had to call for the support of the Viscontis of Milan. The doge lost any executive power and Giovanni Valente had to resign from the dogate on October 8, 1353 and the position became vacant. He died seven years later and may have been buried at the church of San Bartolomeo dell'Olivella in Genoa.

description: Genoese doge

wikidata_label: Giovanni II Valente

wikipedia_title: Giovanni II Valente


text:
pen name
California pioneer
author
literary historian
Mormon Island, California
Aurora
Esmeralda County, Nevada
San Francisco
Oakland, California
Mountain View Cemetery
Philip Verrill Mighels
Henry Rust Mighels
Nellie Verrill Mighels Davis

categories: American literary historians,20th-century American women writers,19th-century American writers,19th-century American women writers,American women historians,1853 births,People from Esmeralda County, Nevada,People from Sacramento County, California,1934 deaths,Historians of the American West,Historians of California,20th-century American non-fiction writers,Writers from San Francisco

paragraph: Ella Sterling Mighels

paragraph: Ella Sterling Mighels (May 5, 1853 – December 10, 1934) (née: Ella Sterling Clark; during first marriage: Ella Sterling Cummins; pen name: Aurora Esmeralda) was a California pioneer, author and literary historian. She was born in Mormon Island, California, but grew up in the town of Aurora, Esmeralda County, Nevada, leading her to adopt the pen name, "Aurora Esmeralda". She founded the California Literature Society (1913), and was named the "First Literary Historian of California" (1919). She died in San Francisco, and is buried in Oakland, California at the Mountain View Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Her first husband was the philologist, author, lecturer and lawyer, Adley Cummins (d. 1889); they had one child, a daughter, Genevieve (1875–1905). Her second husband was the lawyer, newspaper artist, novelist and playwright Philip Verrill Mighels (d. 1911); they divorced 1910. Her in-laws were the US journalist and politician, Henry Rust Mighels, and the US civic leader and journalist, Nellie Verrill Mighels Davis.

paragraph: Section::::Literary Historian.

paragraph: Ella Sterling Mighels published two books on California literature and its authors. In "The Story of the Files" (1893), Ella told of California writers, in a volume published for the California World's Fair. In "Literary California, Poetry, Prose and Portraits" (1918), Ella published selections and portraits of California authors.

paragraph: Section::::Partial works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portrait of a California girl" (n.d.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Books one ought to read" (n.d.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The little mountain princess, a Sierra snowplant" (1880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Explanation of Japanese village and its inhabitants" (1886)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The story of the files; a review of California writers and literature" (1893)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bruvver Jim's baby" (1904)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "San Francisco redi-vivus! An open letter to all San Franciscans and all Californians" (1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The full glory of Diantha" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Society and Babe Robinson; or, The streets of old San Francisco; a play. Containing also frontispiece ... introduction, biographical sketch and portrait of author, and a "Word to the reader" (1914)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fairy tale of the white man : told from the gates of sunset" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Literary California, poetry, prose and portraits" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wawona : an Indian story of the Northwest" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Book of the Ark-adian school" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life and letters of a forty-niner's daughter by Aurora Esmeralda (Ella Sterling Mighels) ..." (1929)

description: American writer, historian

wikidata_label: Ella Sterling Mighels

wikipedia_title: Ella Sterling Mighels


text: Count of Urgell

text: Ponce I of Urgell

text: County of Urgell

text: Álvaro

text: The Cloisters

text: Metropolitan Museum of Art

text: Metropolitan Museum of Art

categories: Medieval child rulers,Rulers who died as children,1243 deaths,Year of birth unknown,Counts of Urgell

paragraph: Ermengol IX, Count of Urgell

paragraph: Ermengol IX (1243) was a medieval Catalan nobleman. After his father's death in 1243, the eight-year-old boy succeeded as Count of Urgell. However, he, too died during the same year, situation in which he was the only Count of Urgell to die during his early years. The son of Ponce I of Urgell and María Girón, he was buried in the .

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in the County of Urgell as the son of Ponce I of Urgell and IV of Cabrera and his wife, he was one of six children. Born the second son, he became heir apparent at his older brother Ponce's untimely death. He had three brothers: Ponce (died young), Álvaro, who eventually succeeded him and Guerau (12421271), who died unmarried. He also had two sisters: Eleanor () and Marquessa ().

paragraph: Section::::Count of Urgell.

paragraph: When Ponce died in 1243, young Ermengol succeeded. Due to his young age, his mother acted as regent. Another regent was James of Cervera ().

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Young Ermengol died during the same year. This was not unusual, as the mortality rate for children was very high in those days. He was buried in the , but his tomb was transferred to "The Cloisters" (Gallery 009) in 1975. It is now displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armengol IX, Conde de Urgel (ca.1235-1243)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metropolitan Museum of Art

description: Count of Urgell

wikidata_label: Ermengol IX, Count of Urgell

wikipedia_title: Ermengol IX, Count of Urgell


text:
2015
world champion
Barry Sheene
Dave Simmonds
Chippenham
Wiltshire
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
2010
2011
2012
Sandro Cortese
Assen
Dutch TT
Twin Ring Motegi
Valencia
2013
Tech 3
Louis Rossi
Qatar
Catalunya
Czech
Malaysian
Japanese Grand Prix
Ajo Motorsport
Husqvarna
KTM
Qatar
Circuit of the Americas
Barry Sheene
Argentina
Jerez
Catalunya
Sachsenring
Silverstone
Miguel Oliveira
Valencia
motorcycle world champion
Barry Sheene
2016 season
Miguel Oliveira
Speed Up Racing
Suzuki GSX-R1000
Brands Hatch
2018 British Superbike Championship
Leon Camier
MV Agusta F4
Snetterton
James Toseland
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup

categories: People from Chippenham,British motorcycle racers,1993 births,Moto3 World Championship riders,English motorcycle racers,125cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Danny Kent

paragraph: Danny Kent (born 25 November 1993) is a British motorcycle racer, best known for winning the 2015 Moto3 World Championship. In doing so he became Great Britain's first Grand Prix solo motorcycle world champion since Barry Sheene in , as well as the first British lightweight class champion since Dave Simmonds in .

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early career.

paragraph: Born in Chippenham, Wiltshire, Kent like many others started out in Minimoto, before moving into the FAB-Racing MiniGP50 and MiniGP70 British Championships. Kent progressed through the Aprilia Superteens Championship earning success before being selected for the Red Bull MotoGP Academy and racing in Spain in the Spanish 125GP Championship. When the Academy closed Kent was switched to the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup, where he finished runner-up in 2010. Kent also contested a wild card ride at Silverstone in 2010 aboard a 125cc Honda, earning him a late ride with Lambretta in the 125cc Grand Prix world championship that year.

paragraph: Kent entered the 125cc world championship with Lambretta in 2010 at the Japanese Grand Prix at Motegi, qualifying in 16th place, a big improvement on 29th in which he qualified for the British round earlier that year – however he retired from the race. He took a best qualifying position of 10th at the Portuguese Grand Prix in Estoril and a best and only race finish of 21st at Phillip island during the Australian Grand Prix.

paragraph: For 2011, Kent switched to the Red Bull Ajo Aprilia team to compete in his first full season in the 125cc world championship. Kent enjoyed a successful first season scoring 82 points with a best finish of fourth place, on the way to 11th in the championship standings.

paragraph: 2012 was the start of the Moto3 class. The new formula would use four-stroke 250cc engines apposed to the two-stroke 125cc engines of the class it was replacing. Kent remained with the Red Bull Ajo team however the team switched to running KTM motorcycles spearheading the factory's assault on the title. The team had a fantastic year with Kent's teammate Sandro Cortese taking the world championship along with Kent himself taking fourth in the championship. Kent earned his first podium at Assen in the Dutch TT, and he took his first win at the Japanese Grand Prix at Twin Ring Motegi with a great last lap a result he followed up in similar fashion just four rounds later at the final Grand Prix of the season in Valencia with a brave last corner overtake on Cortese earning him his second Grand Prix victory.

paragraph: For 2013, Kent raced with Tech 3 in the Moto2 category alongside fellow Moto3 graduate Louis Rossi. Kent's season started with a run to 18th place in Qatar, he scored his first points at round six with a 13th-place finish in Catalunya. Kent scored points on four more occasions with a best of 12th at both the Czech and Malaysian races, and had a strong end to season with three consecutive point-scoring finishes before breaking his collarbone in the warm-up for the Japanese Grand Prix, ruling him out for the rest of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Return to Moto3.

paragraph: Having been originally announced to remain in Moto2 with Tech 3, Kent returned to Moto3 for 2014; he competed with the Ajo Motorsport team, riding a Husqvarna-branded KTM.

paragraph: For 2015, Kent moved to the Leopard sponsored Kiefer Racing squad, running Hondas. Kent's season started off well, reaching the podium at the first race in Qatar and taking his first win for Leopard in the following race at the Circuit of the Americas. Kent won the next two races – the first British rider to win successive races in the lightweight class since Barry Sheene in  – in Argentina and at Jerez to open up a championship lead. He added further victories in Catalunya, the Sachsenring and his home event at Silverstone.

paragraph: He led the championship by twenty-four points ahead of Miguel Oliveira, with one race remaining. Despite Oliveira winning the final race in Valencia, a ninth-place finish was enough for Kent to claim the championship and become Great Britain's first Grand Prix motorcycle world champion since Barry Sheene in .

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Return to Moto2.

paragraph: On 27 September 2015, it was announced that Kent would be moving up to the Moto2 class for the 2016 season, with his Leopard Racing team. He was joined in the team by his Moto3 championship rival Miguel Oliveira.

paragraph: Kent walked out on his team after just three races into the season, and was without a ride for much of the remainder, with a wildcard ride in Moto3 and acting as an occasional replacement for injured riders in Moto2, before signing with a new team Speed Up Racing in Moto2 for the 2018 season.

paragraph: Kent was sacked by Speed Up in late September 2018, with five races remaining, due to poor performances.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:British Superbikes.

paragraph: Kent secured an entry riding Halsall Racing's Suzuki GSX-R1000 for the Brands Hatch final round of the 2018 British Superbike Championship in October after a successful test. He failed to finish in two races, but finished in position 12 from 15 finishers in race three. The team subsequently folded after principal Martin Halsall withdrew funding.

paragraph: In late May 2019, it was announced that Kent would ride in British Superbikes on an ex-Leon Camier 2016 MV Agusta F4, starting from the July event at Snetterton. Kent failed to finish a race.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Kent also became part of the Phil Burgan Race Academy (PBRA) – a programme for developing British talent in motorcycle sport, under the guidance of James Toseland. The aim of the programme is to provide support, both financial and consultative, to promising British motorcycle racers and teams of the future.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 – Welsh Minimoto – Debut and first win.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 – FAB-Racing MiniGP50 British Championship (2nd Overall)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 – FAB-Racing MiniGP70 British Championship (1st Overall)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 – British Aprilia Superteens Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 – Invited into Red Bull MotoGP Academy and contested Spanish CEV 125GP (9th overall)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 – Academy closed – transferred to the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup (4th overall, 1 win)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 – Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup (2nd overall, 2 wins)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 – Moto3 World Champion (6 wins)

description: English motorcyclist

wikidata_label: Danny Kent

wikipedia_title: Danny Kent


text: Ndebele

text: "Philosophiae Doctor honoris causa"

text: University of Johannesburg

text: Middelburg, Mpumalanga

text: South Africa

text: South Ndebele people

text: South Ndebele people

text: Ndebele

text: BMW

text: art car

text: BMW Art Car

text: Andy Warhol

text: David Hockney

text: Frank Stella

text: National Museum of Women in the Arts

text: Washington, DC

text: British Airways

text: The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC)

text: Jean Pigozzi

text: the British Museum

text: BMW

text: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

text: Honorary doctorate

text: University of Johannesburg

text: Order of Ikhamanga

text: "In conversation with Esther Mahlangu"

text: "South African muralist Esther Mahlangu keeps traditions alive"

text: "South African Art Now"

text: esthermahlangu.co.za latest info

text: Esther Mahlangu 80 Exhibition online 2015

text: Esther Mahlangu 80 Exhibition catalogue 2015

text: Contemporary African Art Collection, Geneva

text: Esther Mahlangu 2003 Exhibition catalogue 2003

text: Mam' Esther Mahlangu: the Ndebele Picasso

categories: 21st-century South African painters,People from Middelburg, Mpumalanga,1935 births,20th-century women artists,Southern Ndebele people,Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga,20th-century South African painters,South African women painters,Living people

paragraph: Esther Mahlangu

paragraph: Dr Esther Mahlangu (born 11 November 1935) is a South African artist from the Ndebele nation. She is known for her bold large-scale contemporary paintings that reference her Ndebele heritage. Dr Esther Mahlangu was conferred with an honourary doctorate ("Philosophiae Doctor honoris causa") by the University of Johannesburg, 9 April 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Esther Nikwambi Mahlangu was born on 11 November 1935 in Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa, and belongs to the South Ndebele people. Mahlangu began painting at 10 years of age, and was taught the skill of mural painting by her mother and grandmother, following a tradition of her native South Ndebele people for females to paint the exterior of houses. It is in this cultural tradition where Mahlangu began her artistic journey.

paragraph: Section::::Artistic career.

paragraph: Mahlangu's art references patterns found in clothing and jewellery of the Ndebele people. The patterns she uses are typically very colourful and geometric. Her paintings are large in scale.

paragraph: Mahlangu first gained international attention in 1989 at a European art exposition titled "Magiciens de la terre" (Magicians of the World). Later in 1991, she was commissioned by BMW to create an art car, as other BMW Art Car creators had done before (including Andy Warhol, David Hockney and Frank Stella). The car, a BMW 525i, was the first "African Art Car" and was painted with typical motifs of the Ndebele tribe. She was the first non-Western person and female to design one of these art cars. The car was later exhibited at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, DC in 1994.

paragraph: Between 1980 and 1991 she was a resident at the Botshabelo open-air museum, which presents Ndebele culture to visitors.

paragraph: Her designs were also reproduced in 1997 on the tails of British Airways planes and more recently the same technique was used by the artist to paint on the new Fiat 500 on the occasion of the exhibition "Why Africa?" (2007, Turin).

paragraph: Mahlangu is one of the African artists whose art is often exhibited internationally. Her works are in major private collections including that of The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC) of Jean Pigozzi and in many Western museums. Despite being an internationally recognized artist, Esther Mahalangu lives in her village in close contact with her culture.

paragraph: Section::::Themes.

paragraph: Mahlangu follows a local tradition through which this particular type of painting technique is handed down in the family, communicated, learned and transmitted only by women (in the past). These paintings are closely connected with the ancient tradition of decorating the houses on the occasion of the rite of passage for boys. Between 18 and 20 years of age, the youth of the tribe go to "a school of circumcision", the ritual that confirm their passage to adulthood. To celebrate this event the women completely repaint the inside and the outside of their houses with a preparation of cow dung and natural pigments. Brightly coloured acrylic paints are also applied in designs outlined by black lines. Although seemingly simple, the geometric abstraction that is revealed by these paintings is underscored by the constant repetition and symmetry of such simple shapes that make the whole work quite complex.

paragraph: The art of Esther Mahlangu highlights the tension between local and global, between the anchor and detachment. Despite continuing to use the same "artistic vocabulary" closely tied to her traditions, Mahlangu has applied the designs to various objects including canvas, sculpture, ceramics, automobiles and airplanes. She has also collaborated with various brands like BMW, Fiat, EYTYS, Melissa's, Beleverde and the British Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Present day.

paragraph: Esther Mahlangu's 1991 BMW Artcar was on view at the British Museum as part of 'South Africa: the art of a nation', from 27 October 2016 - 27 February 2017.

paragraph: The new BMW Individual 7 series with unique internal wooden trims painted by her was exhibited at Frieze Art Fair 2016 with accompanying exhibition of work co-curated by BMW and 34FineArt.

paragraph: She recently completed a special edition premium Belvedere Vodka bottle design (50% of all profits to help fight HIV/AIDS in Africa).

paragraph: As an artist in residence, Mahlangu was commissioned in 2014 by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts to create two large works of art.

paragraph: Mahlangu directs a school which teaches young girls not only painting but also the technique of painting designs on particular compositions of beads. The tradition is not a static entity. As the work of the same Mahlangu suggests, "tradition" is a mobile field, future-oriented and ready to incorporate diverse stimuli. In fact, although South Africa is now one of the African States which is able to facilitate and promote the work of their artists both nationally and internationally with the likes of the biennial event in Johannesburg, the work of Esther Mahlangu is even more courageous because she was born and grew up in political and social turmoil.

paragraph: Esther Mahlangu has worked tirelessly exposing and developing her talent travelling around the world, and she is very passionate about sharing her knowledge with the younger generation so that she leaves a legacy that lives on for generations to come.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions and projects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solo exhibitions

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 Esther Mahlangu Individual 7 series BMW and accompanying exhibition co-curated by BMW and 34FineArt, Frieze Art Fair, London, UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "Esther Mahlangu 80", curated by 34FineArt, UCT Irma Stern Museum, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 "Esther Mahlangu: An Artistic Residency", Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Virginia, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Overlay", 34FineArt, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Centro Espositivo St. Art, Calenzano, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Esther Mahlangu: Reacquiring", The Kyle Kauffman Gallery, New York, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Esther Mahlangu 2007", 34LONG, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Why Africa?", Fiat 500, Turin, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "Esther Mahlangu", 34LONG, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "Esther Mahlangu 2003", curated by 34FineArt, UCT Irma Stern Museum, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 Museum of Oceanian and African Art, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 BA Airways Tail paintings, UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 BMW Art Cars Commission, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selected exhibitions

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 Imibala Gallery, Somerset West, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 Sneaker design with Swedish Company Eytys, Paris Fashion Week, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "40 years of BMW Art Cars", BMW Museum, Munchen, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 "Traditional African Murals", Museum of African Art, Belgrade, Serbia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 "Look Mickey!", 34FineArt, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 "Les Magiciens de la Terre", Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 Cape Town Art Fair, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 1:54 Contemporary African Art Fair, London, UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 "Urban Interpretation", Graffik Gallery, London, UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 "FourWalls", 34FineArt, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Art Drive!" Exhibition, Great Eastern Street Car Park in Shoreditch, London, UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Urban Interpretation", 34FineArt, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Blend", 34FineArt, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Durban Tourism Indaba", Durban, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Ensemble", 34FineArt, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 ArtMonaco'1 1, Monaco

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 Museum of Arts and Design, New York, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Africa. Objetos y Sujetos", Teatro Fernan Gomez, Centro de Arte, Madrid, Spain

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 ATASA Trust Southern Africa Handcraft & Ndebele Art Exhibition, Newtown, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "La mostra sulla Regina d'Africa Esther Mahlangu", Napoli, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Museum of Arts and Design, New York City, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 FIFA Official Artist, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 Sortileges, Fondation pour L'art Contemporain, Claudine et Jean-Marc Salomon, Alex, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 3rd Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Moscow, Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - 2010 Africa? Una nuova storia, Complesso del Vittoriano, Rome, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 The Speed Art Museum, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Denver Museum of Art, Denver, Colorado, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Why Africa?", Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli, Turin, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Painted the New Fiat 500 - "Why Africa?", The Pigozzi Collection, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "SA Art—Signs", Danubiana Meulensteen Art Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Berlin and Beyond Art in Public Places, Florida, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Durban Art Gallery, Durban, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Orlando Museum of Art, Orlando, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Tacoma Museum of Art, Tacoma, Washington, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "100% African; The Jean Pigozzi Contemporary African Art Collection", Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "Memory Innovation Tradition", 34 LONG, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 Roppongi Hills Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "Beyond Lilith: The Sacred Feminine", Scuderie Aldobrandini Frascati, Roma, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "Arts of Africa", Grimaldi Forum, Monaco

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 Yokohama Triennial, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 New Identities Contemporary Art from South Africa, Pretoria Art Museum & Johannesburg Art Gallery, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 Galleria Spacia, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "South Africa-USA Native American Exchange Project", Institute of American Indian Arts, Santa Fe, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "Project Row Houses", Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection", Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 National Museum of African Art, The Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "New Identities Contemporary Art from South Africa", Museum Bochum, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 New Orleans Jazz Festival, South African Stage, New Orleans, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "Dentro e Fuori le Mura", Fabbrica Eos, Milano, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "Passport to South Africa", Centro Culturale Trevi, Bolzano, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "The Art of Colour", Knysna Fine Art Gallery, Knysna, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "Arte Africana Contemporanea", Galleria d'arte Spazia, Bologna, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Galleria Cavellini, Brescia, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 South Africa Today, The Helsinki Fair Centre, Finland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 5th Biennale of Contemporary Art, Lyons, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 "Dialogue of Cultures", EXPO 2000, Hannover, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 The Three Rivers Art Festival, Pittsburgh, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "«REWIND»FAST FORWARD.ZA", Van Reekum Museum, Apeldoorn, Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 Solo Exhibition, Musee des Arts d'Afrique et d'Oceanie, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 "Africa Africa: Vibrant New Art from a Dynamic Continent", Tobu Museum of Art, Tokyo, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Exhibit Gallery, Philadelphia, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 York College, Los Angeles, California, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Mural for National Museum of Woman in the Arts, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 "Ndebele Images - Then and Now", National Arts Club, New York, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 "Oog op Zuidelijke Afrika", Het Afrika Museum, Berg en Dal, Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 "Portal to America", Installation, Spoleto Festival, Charleston, South Carolina, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 African Immigrant Folklife Festival, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 Parish Gallery, Georgetown, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 Exhibition for the Congressional Black Caucus, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 Armour J. Blackburn Centre, Howard University, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 World Bank, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 Mural - Ministry of Finance Building, Pretoria, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 Mural - Alexandra Township Stadium, Johannesburg, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 BMW Art Cars and Paintings Exhibition, Sydney, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Group Exhibition, Market Theatre, Johannesburg, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 BMW Art Cars Collection, National Museum of Woman in the Arts, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 Mural - National Museum of Woman in the Arts, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 Mural - Ndebele College of Education, KwaNdebele, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 Mural - African Festival, Lisbon, Portugal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 Mural - European Inventive Business Travel Meetings Exhibition, Geneva, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 "Out of Africa", Musee des Beaux-Arts de Nantes, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 "La Grande Verite, Les Astres Africains", Nantes Fine Arts Museum, Nantes, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 European Inventive Business Travel Meetings Exhibition, Lisbon, Portugal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 Geneva International Exhibition, Geneva, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 Comme des Garcons, Tokyo, Japan; New York, USA; and Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 "Out of Africa", Saatchi Gallery, London, UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 Fire Screen, Civic Theatre, Johannesburg, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 BMW Art Cars, Documenta 9, Kassel, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 "Africa Hoy", Groninger Museum, Groningen, Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 "Africa Hoy", Cultural Centre of Contemporary Art, Mexico City, Mexico

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 BMW Art Cars, Johannesburg, Durban, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 Painting columns in Building, Tokyo, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 Fashion Collection, Tokyo, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 Ny Afrikansk Billedkunst, Copenhagen, Denmark

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 Africa Hoy, Centro Atlantico de Arte Moderno, Las Palmas, de Gran Canaria, Spain

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 Caravan Auto Show, Lavante, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 Bordeaux Festival, Bordeaux, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 "Mural Painting", Rosebank Shopping Centre, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 "Mural Painting", Johannesburg School, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 Centre de la Villette, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 "Fine Arts Museum", Angoulême, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 "Mural Painting", Musee des Beaux Arts, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 "Les Magiciens de la Terre", Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collections

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meulensteen Art Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Pigozzi Collection, Geneva, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johnnic Communications Management Services Collection, Johannesburg, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum Bochum, Bochum, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- South African National Gallery, Iziko Museums, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- BROKER Art Collection, Belgium

paragraph: BULLET::::- BOE Bank, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musee des Arts d'Afrique et d'Oceanie, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- Botshabelo Museum, Botshabelo, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- BMW Art Cars Collection, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Bank Collection, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Modern Art, Equatorial Guinea

paragraph: BULLET::::- BHP Billiton Collection, Johannesburg, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roppongi Hills Art Museum, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Virginia, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum Bochum, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pretoria Art Museum, Pretoria, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- RE:CM Collection, Cape Town, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Museum ofWoman in the Arts, Washington D.C., USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musee des Beaux Arts, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Cape Town, SA

paragraph: Esther Mahlangu's work is also represented in numerous public and private collections.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 Honorary doctorate from the University of Johannesburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 The Lilizela Tourism Award, Roots and culture, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 South African Traditional Music Achievement Awards, Life Time Achievement Award, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 1st Mbokodo Award, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 1st Mbokodo Award, South African Women in the Arts, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Increasing Access to the Arts Award - 13th annual BASA Awards, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 The Heritage Award for Preservation and Promotion of South African Heritage and Culture, The Premier of KZN, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 The Order of Ikhamanga (Silver), Government of South Africa, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 National Arts and Culture Trust, Lifetime Achievement Award, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Arts and Culture Award, Art Promotion, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Pan African Broadcasting, Heritage and Achievement Award (PABHA), SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Radio Ndebele Award, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 Mpumalanga Arts and Culture Award, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Nassau County Commendation, New York, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Incorporated Village of Hempstead Citation, Hempstead, New York, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Ministry of Culture and Communication, Centre de la Villette, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 Mpumalanga Sport Premier's Culture Award, SA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 Radio Ndebele Award, SA

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications and references.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In conversation with Esther Mahlangu", ARTsouthAfrica (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cantz, H. (2005), "New Identities, Zeitgenossische Kunst Aus Sudafrika", Museum Bochum, Germany,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Courtney-Clarke, M, (1986), "Ndebele", London: Thames & Hudson,

paragraph: BULLET::::- de Jager, F. R., & A. G. Loots (2003), "Esther Mahlangu 2003", Vgallery, Cape Town,

paragraph: BULLET::::- de Jager, F. R., & A. G. Loots (2015), "Esther Mahlangu 80", 34FineArt, Cape Town, ISBN 978-0-620-67031 -9

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duke, L. (1994), "The Living Art of Esther Mahlangu: On a D.C. Street, a South African Master Paints in the Tradition of Her Tribe", "The Washington Post", 4 September 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grenier, C. (2013), "Multiple Modernities: 1905-1970", Centre Pompidou, France,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guggenheim Bilbao Museum TF Editores & FMGB (2006), '100% Africa' [Exhibition Catalogue]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hansen, L. (1995/1996), 'Memory and Amnesia: Transformation of the Vernacular Architecture of the Southern Ndebele in South Africa' [Unpublished Thesis], Post Graduate Centre for Human Settlements, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

paragraph: BULLET::::- James, D., & C. J. van Vuuren (1998), "The Ndebele", in Magubane, P. (ed.), "Vanishing Cultures of South Africa", Cape Town: Struik,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Loubser, A, (1994), "Recent Changes in Wall Painting amongst the Ndzundza as an Indication of Social Changes amongst AmaNdebele Women" (unpublished Honors Dissertation), The University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magnin, A., & J. Soulillou (1996), "Contemporary Art of Africa", London: Thames & Hudson,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magubane, P., & S. Klopper (2001), "African Heritage, Arts and Crafts", Cape Town: Struik, ISBN 1 -86872-51 6-2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin, J.-H. (1989), "Les Magiciens de la Terre", Paris: Editions du Centre Pompidou,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin, J.-H., & A. Cohen-Solal (2014), "Les Magiciens de la Terre: Retour sur une exposition legendaire", Editions Xavier Barral, Centre Pompidou, Paris,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magnin, A., de Lima Greene, A., & A. J. Wardlaw (2005), "African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection" (exhibition catalogue), Merrel,

paragraph: BULLET::::- McGlone, P., "South African muralist Esther Mahlangu keeps traditions alive", "The Washington Post", 8 October 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mountain, A. (1995), "Ndebele Artist Nation", Cape Town: Struik,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orford, M. (ed.), (2006), "Life and Soul: Portraits of Women who Move South Africa", Cape Town: Double Storey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parise, A. (2010), "Esther Mahlangu La Regina d'Africa", Colognola Al Colli

paragraph: BULLET::::- Powel, I., & M. Lewis (1995), "Ndebele: A People and their Art", Cape Town: Struik,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rousset, J. M. (1996), "Contemporary Art of Africa: Esther Mahlangu & Francina Ndimande", Magnin, A., & J. Soulillou (eds)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Africa Africa: Vibrant New Art from a Dynamic Continent" [Exhibition Catalogue], Tobu Museum of Art, Tokyo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Williamson, S. (2009), "South African Art Now", Harper Design,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- esthermahlangu.co.za latest info

paragraph: BULLET::::- Esther Mahlangu 80 Exhibition online 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Esther Mahlangu 80 Exhibition catalogue 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contemporary African Art Collection, Geneva

paragraph: BULLET::::- Esther Mahlangu 2003 Exhibition catalogue 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mam' Esther Mahlangu: the Ndebele Picasso, Ayiba Magazine, December 2015

description: South African artist

wikidata_label: Esther Mahalangu

wikipedia_title: Esther Mahlangu


text: Finnish weightlifter Olympics

categories: Weightlifters at the 1952 Summer Olympics,Olympic weightlifters of Finland,2014 deaths,Weightlifters at the 1956 Summer Olympics,Weightlifters at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Weightlifters at the 1960 Summer Olympics,1926 births

paragraph: Eino Mäkinen

paragraph: Eino Matias Mäkinen (13 June 1926 – 13 August 2014) was a Finnish heavyweight weightlifter. He won two bronze medals at the world championships in 1955 and 1961 and five medals at the European championships in 1954–1961, including a gold in 1955. He competed at the 1952, 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics with the best result of fifth place in 1956 and 1960.

description: Finnish weightlifter

wikidata_label: Eino Mäkinen

wikipedia_title: Eino Mäkinen


text:
biathlete
Biathlon World Cup
Biathlon World Championships 2016
Canada's 2018 Olympic team

categories: Canadian female biathletes,Biathletes at the 2018 Winter Olympics,1994 births,Olympic biathletes of Canada,Living people

paragraph: Sarah Beaudry

paragraph: Sarah Beaudry (born 19 March 1994) is a Canadian biathlete. She has competed in the Biathlon World Cup, and represented Canada at the Biathlon World Championships 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2018 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: In January 2018, Beaudry was named to Canada's 2018 Olympic team.

description: Canadian biathlete

wikidata_label: Sarah Beaudry

wikipedia_title: Sarah Beaudry


text: Nijmegen

text: Stuttgart

text: glass painter

text: Böblingen

text: Mannheim

text: Christian

text: William I

text: Old Castle

text: Olga

text: Anna

text: Pietronella

text: decorative artist

text: Romantic

text: Impressionism

text: plein aire

text: Esslingen

text: Braith-Mali-Museum

text: Biberach an der Riß

text: Biographical data

text: RKD

categories: German male painters,German landscape painters,1903 deaths,Dutch emigrants to Germany,1818 births,19th-century German painters,People from Nijmegen

paragraph: Pieter Francis Peters

paragraph: Pieter Francis Peters, originally Pieter Franciscus Peters Jr. (7 June 1818, Nijmegen - 23 February 1903, Stuttgart) was a Dutch-born German landscape painter, graphic artist and art dealer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His father was a well-known glass painter who gave him his only known art lessons. In 1841, he moved to Germany and, a year later, married Heinrike Gertrude Mali of Böblingen (died 1884), who came from a prominent family of Dutch-born painters. At first, they lived in Mannheim, but later moved to Stuttgart to join her brothers, Christian, and Hubertus (1818–1839) after the death of their mother.

paragraph: Once there, King William I allowed him to use a studio in the Old Castle and he became a travelling companion to Queen Olga.

paragraph: He had three daughters, two of whom (Anna and Pietronella) also became painters. They received their first art lessons from him and their uncles.

paragraph: Later he and the decorative artist, , established the "Permanenten Kunstausstellung" (Permanent Art Exhibition) in Stuttgart which provided a way of exchanging ideas and works with painters in Munich.

paragraph: Originally, he painted in a very strict Dutch Romantic style, but later turned more toward a type of atmospheric Impressionism.

paragraph: From 1896 to 1903, he spent the summers with his family, working en plein aire at , a 13th century castle in Esslingen. Many of his works, and those of his daughters, may be seen at the Braith-Mali-Museum in Biberach an der Riß.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical data @ the RKD

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Peters, ein "Malweib der ersten Stunde" @ Geschichtsverein.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monika Machnicki: "Anna Peters". Vorwort zum Katalog zur Ausstellung "Anna Peters 1843 - 1926" im Braith-Mali-Museum in Biberach an der Riß, 1990,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herbert Hoffmann, Kurt Diemer: Katalog der Gemälde und Skulpturen, Braith-Mali-Museum, Biberach an der Riß, 1975

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Hohenzollern-Album von Pieter Francis Peters", Imhof Verlag, 2009 ,

alias:
Pieter Franciscus, II Peters
Pieter Franciscus II Peters
Pieter Franciscus Peters jr.

description: Dutch painter (1818-1903)

wikidata_label: Pieter Francis Peters

wikipedia_title: Pieter Francis Peters


text: Spoon River Anthology

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: Mark Twain

text: Vachel Lindsay

text: Walt Whitman

text: Garnett, Kansas

text: Petersburg

text: Menard County, Illinois

text: Lewistown, Illinois

text: Chicago Daily News

text: Oak Hill

text: Spoon River

text: Spoon River Anthology

text: Knox College

text: admitted

text: Clarence Darrow

text: Hilary Masters

text: Melrose Park, Pennsylvania

text: epitaph

text: Prince George's County, Maryland

text: Clarence Darrow

text: Reedy's Mirror

text: Spoon River Anthology

text: "A Book of Verses" (1898)

text: "Songs and Sonnets" (1910)

text: Spoon River Anthology

text: "Songs and Satires" (1916)

text: "Fiddler Jones" (1916

text: Stephen Douglas

text: Levy Mayer

text: "Lincoln: The Man" (1931)

text: Edgar Lee Masters

text: Books by Edgar Lee Masters in PDF

text: "Spoon River Anthology"

text: Agnes Lee – Edgar Lee Masters Papers

text: Newberry Library

text: Newberry Library

categories: American male non-fiction writers,Historians from Illinois,Writers from Kansas,Novelists from Illinois,People from Petersburg, Illinois,1950 deaths,20th-century American male writers,American people of Welsh descent,Knox College (Illinois) alumni,American male novelists,American male poets,American male dramatists and playwrights,People from Cheltenham, Pennsylvania,20th-century American dramatists and playwrights,People from Garnett, Kansas,20th-century American novelists,20th-century American biographers,People from Lewistown, Illinois,20th-century American poets,Illinois lawyers,1868 births

paragraph: Edgar Lee Masters

paragraph: Edgar Lee Masters (August 23, 1868 – March 5, 1950) was an American attorney, poet, biographer, and dramatist. He is the author of "Spoon River Anthology", "The New Star Chamber and Other Essays", "Songs and Satires", "The Great Valley", "The Serpent in the Wilderness", "An Obscure Tale", "The Spleen", "Mark Twain: A Portrait", "Lincoln: The Man", and "Illinois Poems". In all, Masters published twelve plays, twenty-one books of poetry, six novels and six biographies, including those of Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, Vachel Lindsay, and Walt Whitman.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Born in Garnett, Kansas, to attorney Hardin Wallace Masters and Emma J. Dexter, his father had briefly moved to set up a law practice, then soon moved back to his paternal grandparents' farm near Petersburg in Menard County, Illinois. In 1880 they moved to Lewistown, Illinois, where he attended high school and had his first publication in the "Chicago Daily News". The culture around Lewistown, in addition to the town's cemetery at Oak Hill and the nearby Spoon River, were the inspirations for many of his works, most notably "Spoon River Anthology", his most famous and acclaimed work.

paragraph: He attended Knox Academy in 1889–90, a now defunct preparatory program run by Knox College, but was forced to leave due to his family's inability to finance his education.

paragraph: After working in his father's law office, he was admitted to the Illinois bar and moved to Chicago, where he established a law partnership in 1893 with the law firm of Kickham Scanlan. He married twice. In 1898 he married Helen M. Jenkins, the daughter of Robert Edwin Jenkins, a lawyer in Chicago, and had three children. During his law partnership with Clarence Darrow from 1903 to 1908, Masters defended the poor. In 1911 he started his own law firm, despite three years of unrest (1908–11) caused by extramarital affairs and an argument with Darrow.

paragraph: Two of his children followed him with literary careers. His daughter Marcia pursued poetry, while his son Hilary Masters became a novelist. Hilary and his half-brother Hardin wrote a memoir of their father.

paragraph: Masters died at a nursing home on March 5, 1950, in Melrose Park, Pennsylvania, age 81. He is buried in Oakland cemetery in Petersburg, Illinois. His epitaph includes his poem, "To-morrow is My Birthday" from "Toward the Gulf" (1918):

paragraph: poem

paragraph: Good friends, let's to the fields…

paragraph: After a little walk and by your pardon,

paragraph: I think I'll sleep, there is no sweeter thing.

paragraph: Nor fate more blessed than to sleep.

paragraph: I am a dream out of a blessed sleep-

paragraph: Let's walk, and hear the lark.

paragraph: /poem

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Family history.

paragraph: Edgar's father was Hardin Wallace Masters, whose father was Squire Davis Masters, whose father was Thomas Masters, whose father was Hillery Masters, the son of Robert Masters (born c. 1715, Prince George's County, Maryland, the son of William W. Masters and wife Mary Veatch Masters). Edgar Lee Masters wrote in his autobiography, "Across Spoon River" (1936), that his ancestor Hillery Masters was the son of "Knotteley" Masters, but family genealogies show that Hillery and Notley Masters were, in fact, brothers.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Masters first published his early poems and essays under the pseudonym Dexter Wallace (after his mother's maiden name and his father's middle name) until the year 1903, when he joined the law firm of Clarence Darrow. Masters began developing as a notable American poet in 1914, when he began a series of poems (this time under the pseudonym Webster Ford) about his childhood experiences in Western Illinois, which appeared in "Reedy's Mirror", a St. Louis publication.

paragraph: In 1915 the series was bound into a volume and re-titled "Spoon River Anthology". Years later, he wrote a memorable and invaluable account of the book's background and genesis, his working methods and influences, as well as its reception by the critics, favorable and hostile, in an autobiographical article notable for its human warmth and general interest.

paragraph: Although he never matched the success of his "Spoon River Anthology", he did publish several other volumes of poems including "Book of Verses" in 1898, "Songs and Sonnets" in 1910, "The Great Valley" in 1916, "Song and Satires" in 1916, "The Open Sea" in 1921, "The New Spoon River" in 1924, "Lee" in 1926, "Jack Kelso" in 1928, "Lichee Nuts" in 1930, "Gettysburg, Manila, Acoma" in 1930, "Godbey," sequel to "Jack Kelso" in 1931, "The Serpent in the Wilderness" in 1933, "Richmond" in 1934, "Invisible Landscapes" in 1935, "The Golden Fleece of California" in 1936, "Poems of People" in 1936, "The New World" in 1937, "More People" in 1939, "Illinois Poems" in 1941, and "Along the Illinois" in 1942.

paragraph: Section::::Notable works.

paragraph: Section::::Notable works.:Poetry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Book of Verses" (1898)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs and Sonnets" (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spoon River Anthology" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs and Satires" (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fiddler Jones" (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Great Valley" (New York: Macmillan Co., 1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toward the Gulf" (New York: Macmillan Co., 1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Starved Rock" (New York: Macmillan Co., 1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jack Kelso: A Dramatic Poem" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Domesday Book" (New York: Macmillan Co., 1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Open Sea" (New York: Macmillan Co., 1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New Spoon River" (New York: Macmillan Co., 1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selected Poems" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lichee-Nut Poems" (American Mercury, Jan. 1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lee: A Dramatic Poem" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Godbey: A Dramatic Poem" (1931), sequel to Jack Kelso (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Serpent in the Wilderness" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Richmond: A Dramatic Poem" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Invisible Landscapes" (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poems of People" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden Fleece of California" (1936) (poetic narrative)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New World" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "More People" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Illinois Poems" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Along the Illinois" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Silence" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "George Gray"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Many Soldiers"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Unknown"

paragraph: Section::::Notable works.:Biographies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Children of the Market Place: A Fictitious Autobiography" (New York: Macmillan Co., 1922). Life of Stephen Douglas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Levy Mayer and the New Industrial Era" (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1927). Chicago attorney Levy Mayer (1858–1922).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lincoln: The Man" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vachel Lindsay: A Poet in America" (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Across Spoon River: An Autobiography" (memoir) (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Whitman" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mark Twain: A Portrait" (1938)

paragraph: Section::::Notable works.:Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New Star Chamber and Other Essays" (1904)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blood of the Prophets" (1905) (play)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Althea" (1907) (play)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Trifler" (1908) (play)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mitch Miller" (novel) (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skeeters Kirby" (novel) (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Nuptial Flight" (novel) (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kit O'Brien" (novel) (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fate of the Jury: An Epilogue to Domesday Book" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gettysburg, Manila, Acoma: Three Plays" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tale of Chicago" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tide of Time" (novel) (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sangamon" (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1942, 1988)

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: Masters was awarded the Mark Twain Silver Medal in 1936, the Poetry Society of America medal in 1941, the Academy of American Poets Fellowship in 1942, and the Shelly Memorial Award in 1944. In 2014, he was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edgar Lee Masters at the Modern American Poetry Site of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

paragraph: BULLET::::- Books by Edgar Lee Masters in PDF at Penn State's Electronic Classics Series site

paragraph: BULLET::::- A large collection of Edgar Lee Masters' papers is held at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at The University of Texas at Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete text of "Spoon River Anthology"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spoon River Anthology" online edition with cross-references and comments

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes Lee – Edgar Lee Masters Papers at Newberry Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorothy Dow papers, including correspondence with Edgar Lee Masters at Newberry Library

description: American writer

enwikiquote_title: Edgar Lee Masters

wikidata_label: Edgar Lee Masters

wikipedia_title: Edgar Lee Masters


text: KG

text: nobleman

text: Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford

text: Elizabeth of Rhuddlan

text: Edward I of England

text: Queen consort

text: Eleanor of Castile

text: Roger Mortimer

text: Edward III

text: renewed wars with Scotland

text: Hinton

text: Spaine

text: Great Haseley

text: Ascott

text: Deddington

text: Pyrton

text: Kirtlington

text: Wincomb

text: Longbenington

text: Kneesol

text: Newnsham

text: Wix

text: Bosham

text: Elizabeth de Badlesmere

text: Margaret de Clare

text: Edward II

text: Earl of Northampton

text: Knight of the Garter

text: High Sheriff of Rutland

text: Flanders

text: Brittany

text: Scotland

text: Sluys

text: Crécy

text: Battle of Morlaix

text: David Bruce

text: Admiral of the Northern Seas, Fleet

text: Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford

text: Eleanor de Bohun

text: Mary de Bohun

text: Henry V of England

text: Elizabeth de Bohun

text: Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel

text: Bernard Cornwell

text: Grail Quest

text: Inquisition Post Mortem

text: Inquisition Post Mortem

categories: Earls of Northampton (1337),Bohun family,Knights of the Garter,1312 births,1360 deaths,14th-century English Navy personnel,High Sheriffs of Rutland,People of the Hundred Years' War

paragraph: William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, KG (c. 1312 – 16 September 1360) was an English nobleman and military commander.

paragraph: Section::::Lineage.

paragraph: He was the fifth son of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan. He had a twin brother, Edward. His maternal grandparents were Edward I of England and his first Queen consort Eleanor of Castile.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: William de Bohun assisted at the arrest of Roger Mortimer in 1330, allowing Edward III to take power. After this, he was a trusted friend and commander of the king and he participated in the renewed wars with Scotland.

paragraph: In 1332, he received many new properties: Hinton and Spaine in Berkshire; Great Haseley, Ascott, Deddington, Pyrton and Kirtlington in Oxfordshire; Wincomb in Buckinghamshire; Longbenington in Lincolnshire; Kneesol in Nottinghamshire; Newnsham in Gloucestershire, Wix in Essex, and Bosham in Sussex.

paragraph: In 1335, he married Elizabeth de Badlesmere (1313 – 8 June 1356). Her parents Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere, and Margaret de Clare had both turned against Edward II the decade before. Elizabeth and William were granted some of the property of Elizabeth's first husband, who had also been Mortimer's son and heir.

paragraph: William was created Earl of Northampton in 1337, one of the six earls created by Edward III to renew the ranks of the higher nobility. Since de Bohun was a younger son, and did not have an income suitable to his rank, he was given an annuity until suitable estates could be found.

paragraph: In 1349 he became a Knight of the Garter. He served as High Sheriff of Rutland from 1349 until his death in 1360.

paragraph: Section::::Campaigns in Flanders, Brittany, Scotland, Victor at Sluys and Crecy.

paragraph: In 1339 he accompanied the King to Flanders. He served variously in Brittany and in Scotland, and was present at the great English victories at Sluys and was a commander at Crécy. His most stunning feat was commanding an English force to victory against a much bigger French force at the Battle of Morlaix in 1342. Some of the details are in dispute, but it is clear that he made good use of pit traps, which stopped the French cavalry.

paragraph: Section::::Renowned Diplomat.

paragraph: In addition to being a warrior, William was also a renowned diplomat. He negotiated two treaties with France, one in 1343 and one in 1350. He was also charged with negotiating in Scotland for the freedom of King David Bruce, King of Scots, who was held prisoner by the English.

paragraph: Section::::Senior naval command.

paragraph: From the 8 March 1352 to 5 March 1355 he was appointed Admiral of the Northern Seas, Fleet.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: 1. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341–1373)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor de Bohun (1366 - October 3, 1399); married Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Edward III; mother of Anne of Gloucester.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary de Bohun (1368–1394); mother of Henry V of England

paragraph: 2. Elizabeth de Bohun (c. 1350–1385); married Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel

paragraph: Section::::In Historical Fiction.

paragraph: In Bernard Cornwell's series the Grail Quest, the Earl of Northampton plays a minor role as Thomas of Hookton's lord.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Inquisition Post Mortem

paragraph: William de Bohun's IPM #168 and his wife Elizabeth de Bohun #169 follows Inquisition Post Mortem.

description: English earl