text:
Leicester
rock
jazz
Dire Straits
Sultans of Swing
Romeo and Juliet
Private Investigations
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Boys' Brigade
Spring
RCA
Rockfield Studios
Monmouth
Dave Edmunds
John Dummer Band
Gary Fletcher
Brewers Droop
Drumtech
Mark Knopfler
Magna Carta
Dire Straits
snare drum
hi-hat
Dire Straits
Communiqué
Making Movies
Love Over Gold
jazz
Terry Williams
sideman
Spring
Prelude
Slow Train Coming
Bob Dylan
Gary Fletcher

categories: English drummers,1948 births,People from Leicester,British male drummers,Living people,Dire Straits members,Musicians from Leicestershire

paragraph: Pick Withers

paragraph: David "Pick" Withers (born 4 April 1948 in Leicester) is an English rock and jazz drummer. He was the original drummer of rock band Dire Straits and played on their first four albums, which included hit singles such as "Sultans of Swing", "Romeo and Juliet" and "Private Investigations". Withers was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Dire Straits in 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Taught by childhood friend Richard Storer, Withers first played a drum in the Boys' Brigade in his home city of Leicester. He became a professional musician at the age of 17, in a band called the Primitives. This was followed by a band called Spring who had a record contract but little success; they released one album on the RCA label. In the mid-1970s Withers was a house drummer at Rockfield Studios near Monmouth, Wales. He played on records by Dave Edmunds, Hobo, the John Dummer Band and the Gary Fletcher Band, amongst others.

paragraph: His nickname has been subject to some variations in spelling. During his time with Spring, he was billed as "Pique Withers". He is billed as "Pic Withers" on his appearance on the second Brewers Droop album.

paragraph: Withers has also studied at Drumtech drum school in London.

paragraph: Section::::Dire Straits.

paragraph: Mark Knopfler met Withers in 1973 in London when he joined blues band Brewers Droop, with whom Withers was already playing; his style, like Knopfler's on guitar, was blues-based. The drummer worked regularly with Knopfler during the mid-1970s, although Withers maintained his Rockfield affiliations and was briefly a member of folk-rock outfit Magna Carta in 1977. Once Dire Straits gained a recording contract, he turned to drumming for that band full-time.

paragraph: His style with Dire Straits is distinctive for being restrained, favouring spare snare drum and hi-hat combinations rather than heavy beats, speed and pyrotechnic flourishes. He played on the Dire Straits albums "Dire Straits" (1978), "Communiqué" (1979), "Making Movies" (1980) and "Love Over Gold" (1982).

paragraph: Withers left the band in the summer of 1982, soon after completing the "Love Over Gold" sessions, to spend more time with his family and to pursue jazz music. He reportedly told an interviewer that he had succumbed to a growing feeling that there was nothing left in the music for him and that he was in danger of "becoming a rock drummer". His replacement in Dire Straits was Terry Williams, also a Dave Edmunds sideman.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With others.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spring", Spring

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How Long Is Forever", Prelude

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slow Train Coming", Bob Dylan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Giant From The Blue", Gary Fletcher Band

description: English drummer

wikidata_label: Pick Withers

wikipedia_title: Pick Withers


text:
Aššur
Assyria
Salmānu-ašarēd II
limmu
eponym
Winkelhaken
Babylon
Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I
Simbar-Šipak
Aššur-nāṣir-apli II
Karduniaš
Aššur-rabi II
Aššur-nāṣir-apli I

categories: 11th-century BC Assyrian kings,Assyrian kings

paragraph: Ashur-nirari IV

paragraph: Aššur-nērārī IV, inscribed "aš-šur-", "(the god) Aššur is my help," was the king of Assyria, the 94th to appear on the "Assyrian Kinglist", ruling 1019/18–1013 BC. His short six-year reign was marked by confusion and a dearth of contemporary inscriptions.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He succeeded his father, Salmānu-ašarēd II, whose twelve-year reign seems to have ended in confusion, as the last limmu official on his eponym list is missing and recorded as "ša ar"["ki si..."], the eponym ‘which is after’ (the previous name). Aššur-nērārī took the eponymy during his first year but the following year is marked "ša" "aš-šur-", “(year) after Aššur-…” and thereafter all the remaining years were recorded with a sequential number and a Winkelhaken to designate “ditto.” It is probable that events were so turbulent during this period that an eponym was not appointed.

paragraph: The Babylonian king, Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I (987–985 BC) is given as his counterpart on the "Synchronistic Kinglist" but the conventional chronology would suggest it was the earlier monarch, Simbar-Šipak (1025–1008 BC). The later king, Aššur-nāṣir-apli II mentions "Sibir, king of Karduniaš" in the context of the capture of the city of Atlila, in his annals, and historians have tentatively identified this individual with Simbar-Šipak, suggesting he engaged in warfare against Assyria around this time.

paragraph: His successor was his uncle, Aššur-rabi II, a younger son of the earlier king Aššur-nāṣir-apli I. The circumstances of the succession are unknown and the Assyrian Kinglist gives no indication that he was overthrown, the usual cause of an uncle to succeed his nephew in the Assyrian monarchy.

wikidata_label: Ashur-nirari IV

wikipedia_title: Ashur-nirari IV


text: cricket

text: rugby league

text: Auckland rugby league team

text: New Zealand national rugby league team

text: World War II

text: Second World War

text: North Shore Albions

text: Auckland Rugby League

text: first-class

text: Auckland

text: Canterbury

text: Test

text: Australia

text: New Zealand

text: New Zealand tour of England in 1949

text: Bert Sutcliffe

text: England

text: West Indies

text: Plunket Shield

text: Devonport, New Zealand

text: Verdun Scott at Cricket Archive

text: Verdun Scott at Cricinfo

categories: New Zealand Test cricketers,New Zealand rugby league players,1980 deaths,Auckland cricketers,New Zealand national rugby league team players,New Zealand people of World War II,1916 births,Auckland rugby league team players

paragraph: Verdun Scott

paragraph: Verdun John Scott (31 July 1916 – 2 August 1980) was a sportsman who represented New Zealand in both Test cricket and rugby league. As of 2017 he is the only player to have done so.

paragraph: Section::::Rugby league career.

paragraph: Scott began playing rugby league in the mid 1930s, favouring league over soccer where he had previously represented "Auckland B". In league Scott quickly made the Auckland rugby league team and in 1939 was selected for the New Zealand national rugby league team touring squad to England. He played in one Test match before the start of World War II cut short the tour. He was one of five players who did not play in the two club matches the Kiwis played before the tour was cancelled. On one occasion he played on Carlaw Park for North Shore and after the game was completed raced to Eden Park where he scored 22 runs in the last match of the cricket season.

paragraph: Section::::Second World War.

paragraph: During the Second World War, Scott served in Egypt and Italy. After the war, Scott was part of the North Shore Albions side that won the Auckland Rugby League's Roope Rooster and Stormont Shield in 1945.

paragraph: Section::::Cricket career.

paragraph: A burly and upright right-handed opening batsman with little or no backlift, Scott started his cricketing career by scoring a century on first-class debut for Auckland versus Canterbury in 1937–38. He made his Test debut against Australia in the match arranged after the Second World War in March 1946 and was top scorer in the first innings with 14 out of a total of just 42. New Zealand totalled just 96 runs in the two completed innings.

paragraph: He was one of the more reliable batsmen on the New Zealand tour of England in 1949, and played in all four Tests. Though his top score in these games was only 60, he and left-handed opening partner Bert Sutcliffe gave the touring team a solid start in three matches, with partnerships of 122, 89 and 121. He later played in home Tests against England and the West Indies, reserving his best Test performance for his last game, when he made 84 out of New Zealand total of 160 in reply to the West Indies 546 for six wickets, a four-hour innings that took up enough time for bad light and rain to come to his side's rescue. In all, he played ten Tests for New Zealand.

paragraph: Scott played for Auckland from 1937–38 to 1952–53. He was a prolific scorer in Plunket Shield cricket, and in all first-class cricket averaged only just under 50 runs per innings. His highest score was 204 against Otago in 1947–48.

paragraph: Scott died at Devonport, New Zealand, on 2 August 1980.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of cricket and rugby league players

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Auckland representative cricketers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Verdun Scott at Cricket Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- Verdun Scott at Cricinfo

description: New Zealand rugby league player

wikidata_label: Verdun Scott

wikipedia_title: Verdun Scott


text: pitcher

text: Major League Baseball

text: Bellarmine University

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Chicago Cub

text: save

text: striking out

text: Milwaukee

text: win

text: Wrigley Field

text: Sammy Sosa

text: single

text: center field

text: Preston Wilson

text: Kansas City Royals

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Pitcher of the Month

text: Cliff Lee

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Adam Wainwright

text: San Francisco Giants

text: Chicago Cubs

categories: Sportspeople from Louisville, Kentucky,1978 births,Daytona Cubs players,Living people,Chicago Cubs players,Baseball players from Kentucky,Florida Marlins players,West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players,Bellarmine Knights baseball players,Iowa Cubs players,Kansas City Royals players,St. Louis Cardinals players,Major League Baseball pitchers,San Francisco Giants players,Springfield Cardinals players,Lansing Lugnuts players,Eugene Emeralds players

paragraph: Todd Wellemeyer

paragraph: Todd Allen Wellemeyer (born August 30, 1978) is a former right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He is the brother of American entrepreneur Jeff Wellemeyer. He has played in the Major Leagues for 8 years, across 5 teams, working as both a starting and relief pitcher.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Cubs (2003-2005).

paragraph: While attending Bellarmine University, he was drafted by the Chicago Cubs and remains the only Chicago Cub to earn a save in his major league debut, earning it by striking out three batters in order against Milwaukee after 17 innings of play.

paragraph: Wellemeyer also picked up the win in the longest scoreless game ever played in Wrigley Field history. He struck out 4 in only 2 innings in a 1-0 marathon 16-inning game. Sammy Sosa hit a game-winning single to center field causing Preston Wilson to crash into the wall and lose the ball to win the game in the 16th inning.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Florida Marlins (2006).

paragraph: Wellemeyer was traded in the offseason and appeared in 18 games before being traded to the Kansas City Royals.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Royals (2006-2007).

paragraph: Wellemeyer appeared in 28 games and had a 3.63 ERA for the Royals.

paragraph: In 2007, through 10 games Wellemeyer had a 10.34 ERA and was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:St. Louis Cardinals (2007-2009).

paragraph: After being traded by the Royals, Wellemeyer had a 3-2 record with a 3.11 ERA in 20 games (11 starts).

paragraph: His best season came in 2008 with the St. Louis Cardinals, when he went 13-9 with a team best (among qualified starters) 3.71 ERA. During the 2008 season he also won Pitcher of the Month honors for May, when he went 4-0 with a 2.19 ERA. He finished 2008 ranked 18th in the NL in Wins, and 16th in the NL in ERA (3.71).

paragraph: In 2009, Wellemeyer had his worst full season in the Majors, posting an ERA over 5.50 and had a 7-10 record.

paragraph: Wellemeyer was born on the same day as fellow pitcher Cliff Lee. He also shares a birthday with former St. Louis Cardinals teammate Adam Wainwright.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco Giants (2010).

paragraph: On February 10, 2010, Wellemeyer signed a minor league contract with the San Francisco Giants, subsequently signing a major league contract for 2010 as the fifth starter.

paragraph: Until his injury on June 10, 2010, Wellemeyer struggled through nine starts posting a 3-5 record with an ERA of 5.52. The injury opened the door for Madison Bumgarner. Wellemeyer pitched his final game with the Giants on August 8 against the Braves. He was unable to record an out giving up four base hits and one earned run. That spelled the end for Wellemeyer and the Giants released him into free agency.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Cubs II.

paragraph: On January 25, 2011, Wellemeyer signed a non-guaranteed one-year contract to return to the Chicago Cubs.

paragraph: Wellemeyer retired on May 7, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Todd Wellemeyer

wikipedia_title: Todd Wellemeyer


text:
German
American
baseball
pitcher
Chicago Cubs
Atlanta Braves
Los Angeles Dodgers
Baltimore Orioles
Florida Marlins
Chicago White Sox
Palm Beach Cardinals
Pepperdine University
MLB Draft
Chicago Cubs
major league
Milwaukee Brewers
Tommy John surgery
Iowa Cubs
40 man roster
Omar Infante
Atlanta Braves
José Ascanio
ERA
free agent
Los Angeles Dodgers
spring training
Florida Marlins
Rick VandenHurk
Chicago White Sox
designated for assignment
ERA
Cincinnati Reds
Louisville Bats
Washington Nationals
Palm Beach Cardinals
four-seam
two-seam fastball
slider

categories: Sportspeople from Frankfurt,Pepperdine Waves baseball players,Albuquerque Isotopes players,Atlanta Braves players,American people of Finnish descent,Minor league baseball coaches,Chicago White Sox players,Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino players,Rockford Cubbies players,American expatriates in West Germany,Los Angeles Dodgers players,1977 births,Louisville Bats players,Chicago Cubs players,West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Iowa Cubs players,Major League Baseball players from Germany,Daytona Cubs players,Florida Marlins players,Baltimore Orioles players

paragraph: Will Ohman

paragraph: William McDaniel Ohman (born August 13, 1977) is a German–born former American professional baseball pitcher. Hile went to Ponderosa High school in Parker, Colorado In his career, he has played for the Chicago Cubs, Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Dodgers, Baltimore Orioles, Florida Marlins and Chicago White Sox. In January 2018, Ohman was named the pitching coach for the Palm Beach Cardinals.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: He played for Pepperdine University in the late 1990s, where he met his wife.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Cubs.

paragraph: Ohman was selected in the eighth round of the 1998 MLB Draft by the Chicago Cubs. He spent all of 1998 and 1999 in the Cubs minor league system.

paragraph: Ohman made his major league debut on September 19, against the Milwaukee Brewers, pitching one scoreless inning of relief. He also pitched for the Cubs in , but had Tommy John surgery in and did not pitch again until . In , he pitched for the minor league Iowa Cubs and in the following off-season, he was added to the Major League 40 man roster. On April 26, , he was called up from the minors and on the same day, made his major league first pitching appearance since 2001. Ohman also recorded the Opening Day win for the Cubs on April 2, .

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: On December 4, 2007, Ohman was traded along with Omar Infante to the Atlanta Braves for José Ascanio. With Atlanta, Ohman enjoyed a successful season out of the Braves' bullpen, appearing in 83 games. He finished the season as one of the team's most successful relievers, with a record of 4-1 and an ERA of 3.68. He became a free agent at the conclusion of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: On March 30, 2009, Ohman signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers, and made the club out of spring training as a situational left-handed reliever.

paragraph: However, Ohman only made 21 appearances with the Dodgers in 2009 and spent the last four months of the season on the disabled list after suffering a shoulder injury. The Dodgers declined his option on October 16 and he became a free agent.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: Ohman was invited to the Orioles camp as a non-roster invitee. He made the team on April 3, 2010. He appeared in 51 games for the Orioles, with a 3.30 ERA.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Florida Marlins.

paragraph: On July 31, 2010, Ohman was dealt to the Florida Marlins in exchange for Rick VandenHurk. He appeared in 17 games for the Marlins, with a 3.00 ERA.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago White Sox.

paragraph: On January 8, 2011, Ohman agreed to a 2-year, $4 million contract with the Chicago White Sox. He appeared in 59 games in 2011, with a 4.22 ERA. On June 28, 2012, Ohman was designated for assignment after appearing in 32 games with a record of 0-2 and an ERA of 6.41. He was released on July 3.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cincinnati Reds.

paragraph: Ohman signed with the Cincinnati Reds on July 21, and was assigned to the Triple-A Louisville Bats.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Nationals.

paragraph: Ohman signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals on February 11, 2013. He was released on March 9, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Coaching career.

paragraph: Ohman was named the pitching coach for the Palm Beach Cardinals in 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Pitching style.

paragraph: Ohman's repertoire consists mainly of four-seam and two-seam fastballs around 88–91 mph, as well as a slider at 79–82. He throws a handful of curveballs and changeups. Half of his pitches with two strikes are sliders.

paragraph: Section::::Business.

paragraph: After he retired, Ohman made a business called Ace Baseball. Ace Baseball is a business that teaches young players key tips for pitching and hitting. Visit his website at acebaseball.net.

description: German baseball player

wikidata_label: Will Ohman

wikipedia_title: Will Ohman


text:
Scottish
Franz Liszt
Glasgow
Scotland
Germany
Hans von Bülow
Weimar
Rome
London
Johannes Brahms
Anton Rubinstein
Russia
Beethoven
Artur Schnabel
Breitkopf & Härtel
piano sonata
Vasily Safonov
Tchaikovsky
First Piano Concerto
Alexander Scriabin
Second Sonata, Op. 19
"Emperor" Concerto
Eugène Goossens
HMV
bravura
Paganini Variations
Prague
Nazi
Czechoslovakia
England
Eger
Gestapo
passport
Aryan
Gunnar Johansen
Jan Chiapusso
Ervin Nyiregyházi
Victor Borge
Stirling
Public domain music recording

categories: Scottish classical composers,British male pianists,Pupils of Franz Liszt,Scottish classical pianists,British male classical composers,Musicians from Glasgow,British Romantic composers,1948 deaths,1868 births

paragraph: Frederic Lamond (pianist)

paragraph: Frederic Archibald Lamond (28 January 186821 February 1948) was a Scottish classical pianist and composer, and the second-last surviving pupil of Franz Liszt.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lamond was born in Glasgow, Scotland. After exhausting the resources of his home town, he continued his musical study abroad in Germany under Max Schwarz and Hans von Bülow. He studied with Franz Liszt at Weimar and Rome in 1885, and in London in 1886. In 1886 Lamond also met Johannes Brahms, who coached him in his own works. Lamond also became acquainted with Anton Rubinstein in Germany, hearing him conduct and play many times there, and later in Russia in the 1890s.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In addition to becoming one of the early champions of Brahms' piano works, Lamond was considered the primary authority on Beethoven's piano music before Artur Schnabel, and Breitkopf & Härtel published his edition of the piano sonatas. In 1893 Lamond was invited by Vasily Safonov to Moscow to play Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto in B-flat minor, Op. 23, at the request of the composer. While in Russia, he met Alexander Scriabin, whose Second Sonata, Op. 19, Lamond later played. In the 1920s and '30s, Lamond recorded many works of Beethoven (including an acoustic recording of the "Emperor" Concerto complete under Eugène Goossens, for HMV) and Liszt, as well as a scattered assortment of smaller works by other composers. While not the greatest of technicians by the time of his recordings — reviews from his youth praise his accuracy and bravura in such taxing works as the Brahms Paganini Variations, Op. 35 — his graceful phrasing and singing tone are quite remarkable.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Lamond married in 1904 the Austrian actress Irene Triesch (1877–1964). See https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Triesch

paragraph: Despite his declining technique, he continued to give concerts until the end of his life, and was in Prague in 1938 when the Nazis invaded Czechoslovakia. Forced to leave most of his belongings behind, including an unfinished novel, he left for England. A friend later recounted Lamond's flight when he was stopped at the border at Eger. "A Gestapo officer insisted on seeing his passport. 'You can see it, he said, 'but I will not allow you to take it into your hands.' The officer then asked him, 'Are you an Aryan?' to which Lamond replied, 'No, I am a monkey!' Lamond was a courageously outspoken man who would stand no nonsense."

paragraph: Lamond was a highly respected teacher, among whose pupils were Gunnar Johansen, Jan Chiapusso, Ervin Nyiregyházi, and Victor Borge. Lamond died at the age of eighty, in Stirling.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Public domain music recording

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Frederic Lamond

wikipedia_title: Frederic Lamond (pianist)


text:
Columbus, Kansas
Lyme, Connecticut
musical theatre
Florenz Ziegfeld
Broadway
Show Boat
part-talkie
Irene Dunne
Hollywood
Sunnie O'Dea
Vincent Youmans
Jane Cowl
Smilin' Through
studio cast recording
Married In Hollywood
Greensburg, Pennsylvania
Palm Beach, Florida
Lyme, Connecticut
Washington, D.C.
Donn B. Murphy
Helen Morgan
Goodspeed Musicals
Chester, Connecticut
Daniel Frohman
National Press Club

categories: 20th-century American actresses,Actresses from Kansas,People from Columbus, Kansas,American musical theatre actresses,American female singers,Disease-related deaths in Connecticut,20th-century American singers,American silent film actresses,1904 births,1989 deaths

paragraph: Norma Terris

paragraph: Norma Terris (November 13, 1904, Columbus, Kansas – November 15, 1989, Lyme, Connecticut) was an American musical theatre star. Her mother, a singer, named her after the heroine of Bellini's opera, "Norma".

paragraph: Born Norma Allison Cook, she was acclaimed for her adroit impersonations of popular public figures, which she had performed in Florenz Ziegfeld's Follies, but may be best known for having originated the roles of Magnolia Hawks and her daughter Kim (as an adult) in the original Broadway production of "Show Boat" in 1927. She reprised her role in the first New York revival of the show in 1932. However, she was not selected to reprise her role in the 1929 part-talkie film, nor in the 1936 film version.

paragraph: Irene Dunne, who was discovered for Hollywood in the first touring company of "Show Boat", would make her film debut in 1929, and go on to become one of the greatest stars of Hollywood's Golden Age. It was Dunne who eventually eclipsed Terris as Magnolia, playing the role in the 1936 film. Rather than have Dunne also play the role of Kim in the movie, the producers chose musical comedy star Sunnie O'Dea for the role.

paragraph: Terris was originally chosen to play the dual roles of Moonyean Clare and her niece Kathleen in "Through the Years", Vincent Youmans's 1932 musical version of Jane Cowl's once-popular play, "Smilin' Through", but she was replaced at the last minute. The musical was a failure, but in 2001, it was given a highly acclaimed studio cast recording. She made two films during the early days of talking pictures - "Married In Hollywood", and the 1930 version of "Cameo Kirby", which was, like "Show Boat", a riverboat musical involving a gambler.  "Cameo Kirby" appears to be lost, and only twelve minutes of "Married in Hollywood" apparently survive.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Terris married a doctor and retired to Connecticut, where she was an avid supporter of the Goodspeed Opera House and what eventually became the Norma Terris Theatre. She was later married to Albert D. Firestone, son of the late William McKinley and Gladys Bigam Firestone of Greensburg, Pennsylvania. The couple spent winters at their Palm Beach, Florida residence, where they acted as major donors to the Ballet Florida, and summered at their Lyme, Connecticut. Mr. Firestone, who was very dedicated to her remembrance, died in 1997 at their summer residence in Lyme.

paragraph: Section::::Last years.

paragraph: In 1961 she appeared at a performance of the American Light Opera Company production of "Show Boat" in Washington, D.C. at the invitation of its director, Donn B. Murphy. On the stage at the Trinity Theatre, she reminisced about the original production. Climbing atop a piano at a cast party after the show, she did a devastating impersonation of an inebriated Helen Morgan (who had created the role of Julie) singing "Bill" from the show.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In 1984, Goodspeed Musicals created a second performance venue in Chester, Connecticut which is named the Norma Terris Theatre.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Terris was, until her death in 1989, two days after her 85th birthday, the last surviving adult actor to have appeared in the original production of "Show Boat".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norma Terriss, right, with Daniel Frohman at National Press Club luncheon (Corbis)

description: American actress and singer

wikidata_label: Norma Terris

wikipedia_title: Norma Terris


text:
Möbius strip
San Diego Museum of Art
Mobile Museum of Art
Metropolitan State University of Denver
John Entenza
Case Study Houses
Goddess movement
Marija Gimbutas
Neolithic
Getty Research Institute
Social and Public Art Resource Center
Elinor Gadon
Craft and Folk Art Museum
Jungian archetypes
Minimalism
performance art
Tom Van Sant
Goddess of Democracy
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
Cheri Gaulke
Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Jesse Helms
Eve
Deena Metzger
Golda Meir
Metropolitan State University of Denver
kiln
San Diego Natural History Museum
sacred geometry
Christianity
Judaism
Hinduism
Henry Hopkins
Jewelers of America

categories: 21st-century American sculptors,Sacred geometry,1947 births,American Jews,Jewish artists,American male sculptors,Living people

paragraph: Charles Sherman (artist)

paragraph: Charles Sherman (born 1947) is an American artist best known for his continuum sculptures based on a three-dimensional form of the Möbius strip. Sherman’s work is included in museum and public collections, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the Mobile Museum of Art, and the Golda Meir Center for Political Leadership at Metropolitan State University of Denver. His work has been shown in solo and group exhibitions in the United States and Asia. His sculpture and jewelry designs have appeared in contemporary design and architectural publications. "Serenity" (2006), part of his monumental ceramic "Infinity Ring" body of work, is installed lakeside at the "Fountain Park Sculpture Garden" in Fountain Hills, Arizona, and also in the front of the "John Entenza House" in Santa Monica, California, a precursor to the Case Study Houses.

paragraph: Section::::Early work: The Spiritual in Art and the Goddess.

paragraph: Sherman’s early-career paintings, drawings, and prints were of flowers. He closely observed and recorded their transformation from life to death. He characterized this exploration as a gateway to his "Goddess Series".

paragraph: In the 1980s, Sherman was a significant artistic interpreter of the Goddess movement that had begun worldwide in the 1970s. Sherman embraced the feminine energy of the goddess as a powerful force, and created a visual language that was inspired by the work of Los Angeles-based Lithuanian archaeologist Marija Gimbutas. Sherman's depictions of goddesses from the Neolithic period and the traditions of ancient Europe were described by Starr Goode as abstracted, fanciful images which sometimes verged on the grotesque. Her interview of Charles Sherman was one of 21 interviews of scholars and artists by Starr Goode for her cable series, "The Goddess in Art" (1986-1991). The videos are in the permanent collection of the Getty Research Institute in Los Angeles, California.

paragraph: Sherman exhibited his predominantly black and white acrylic paintings in goddess-themed Los Angeles exhibitions, such as "The Goddess in Contemporary Art" exhibition of 1988, curated by Nancy Ann Jones at the Social and Public Art Resource Center in Venice, California. His paintings have been published in books about the goddess including "The Once and Future Goddess" by Elinor Gadon, and as cover art for several print editions of the poetry journal "Sheela-Na-Gig" (now online).Sherman also gave gallery talks, and in 1993, a painting workshop, "The Animal Goddesses of Old Europe", at the Craft and Folk Art Museum. Decades later, Jungian archetypes of the feminine are still present in Sherman's oeuvre, but in forms emphasizing beauty, reduced to the Minimalism art form of the Möbius.

paragraph: Section::::Art and activism.

paragraph: Sherman has also used performance art as a vehicle to express strongly held viewpoints and make political statements. During his 1989 tenure as president of the Los Angeles Artists' Equity Association, Sherman assisted artist Tom Van Sant with his "Goddess of Democracy" project in downtown Los Angeles. The 1000-pound statue was built by Van Sant and members of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Artists' Equity Association in support of the pro-democracy uprising by students in Beijing during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Beijing artists had built a monumental "Goddess of Democracy" statue that had been destroyed by Chinese troops who stopped the rebellion with what became a bloody massacre. The Los Angeles "Goddess of Democracy" suffered a similar fate; vandals toppled the statue at its Chinatown location.

paragraph: In 1990, Sherman collaborated with feminist artist Cheri Gaulke in front of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art for "Who’s Burning America?" As a criticism of the U.S. government subsidy of tobacco, Sherman designed a large-scale billboard showing the American flag with a cigarette burning a hole through it. He displayed the billboard on the side of a truck parked in front of the museum, while Gaulke, dressed as Senator Jesse Helms, a strong supporter of the tobacco industry, set an American flag on fire with a giant cigarette.

paragraph: Section::::The Bible Series.

paragraph: In the early 1990s, Sherman began work on a series of bronze sculptures, drawings and prints, to give visual interpretation to the “…complexity and deep humanity of biblical characters.” His study of the Old Testament Bible resulted in a personal, mystical visualization of a rich biblical past and our developing mythology. He expressed his interpretation of the Bible not only through art, but also by lectures at art galleries and Jewish temples. His "Kabbalah Mandala" motif first appeared in 1993 as an illustration in the book "God, Sex and Kabbalah" by Rabbi Allen S. Maller.

paragraph: In the introduction to his catalogue, “The Bible Series” (1998), Sherman wrote that he intended this body of work to deal with “…issues of gender, spirit, and the Divine.” His bronze sculpture "The Two Faces of Eve" (1996) depicts a nude Eve embraced by and gazing into the eyes of a female-faced serpent, a mirror image of herself. The subjects of his bronze sculptures from this period range from the depiction of traditional Bible stories, such as his wall sculpture "Jacob and Esau Wrestling in the Womb" (1996), to the contemporary subject of "The Warrior" (1994), an homage to Deena Metzger, writer, teacher, counselor, and breast cancer survivor.

paragraph: The end of the century would find Sherman creating "Golda" (1999), a monumental bronze portrait head of Israeli teacher and fourth Prime Minister of Israel, Golda Meir. The sculpture would be installed in the new millennium at the Golda Meir Center for Political Leadership at the Metropolitan State University of Denver. Sherman was invited to give a lecture at the center.

paragraph: Section::::The Infinity Ring: Sculpture and Jewelry Design.

paragraph: Along with his figurative work, Sherman had been concurrently creating abstract and organic sculpture, and in 2002 began investigating circular forms he called "Infinity Rings", based on a three-dimensional form of the Möbius strip. This new body of work was a technical challenge; he first had to find a way to build monumental sculptures from clay that would withstand the tendency to collapse during high temperature kiln firing. He has continued to explore the infinity ring form in diverse materials, and also combined rings to create multiple ring sculptures.

paragraph: Sherman began to incise words into his clay infinity ring sculptures, philosophical manifestos such as, "God is a Verb", "Art is a Verb", and "Love is a Verb", or verse fragments from the Bible, such as “I am to my Beloved as my Beloved is Mine” in either English or Hebrew. Sherman’s ceramic infinity ring sculpture, "God is a Verb" was in the 2007 "Dead Sea Scrolls" exhibition at the San Diego Natural History Museum.

paragraph: Sherman has created infinity rings from various media, including bronze, stainless steel, Lucite, aluminum, and glass mosaic, but prefers the mobility of clay. "If I could make one statement about art, it’s that the essence of art is that "it's a verb, not a noun." It´s a process, and when you fully understand that, you let the art take its own course. Even clay has a life of its own and knows where it wants to go and I try to facilitate that."

paragraph: Sherman has written that it is his intention to express universal spiritual values with his sculpture. This emphasis on spirituality is especially a feature of Sherman’s later work in symbolic jewelry design. Sherman’s jewelry designs are sculptures in miniature of his larger works. He has said that these designs are based upon “sacred geometry.” Some are symbols from world religions, such as Christianity, Judaism, and Hinduism. Sherman has received numerous awards for his sculpture, including First Place at the 1989 Los Angeles All City Art Open, juried by Henry Hopkins and Merry Norris. He was awarded First Place in Inspirational Design in an international design competition, the 2012 JCK Jeweler’s Choice Awards for his Trinity Cross pendant, and in 2014, the Jewelers of America association selected Sherman as one of ten new jewelry designers to debut their collections at the professional organization’s "JA New York Summer Show".

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Charles Sherman

wikipedia_title: Charles Sherman (artist)


text: country and western

text: Rosewood, Kentucky

text: Sixteen Tons

text: Dark as a Dungeon

text: Travis Picking

text: Muhlenberg County, Kentucky

text: fingerpicking

text: Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame

text: Country Music Hall of Fame

text: Muhlenberg County

text: John Prine

text: fingerpicking

text: Arnold Shultz

text: Kennedy Jones

text: Mose Rager

text: Ike Everly

text: The Everly Brothers

text: Evansville, Indiana

text: Clayton McMichen

text: Drifting Pioneers

text: Louis Marshall "Grandpa" Jones

text: Delmore Brothers

text: Hank Penny

text: Joe Maphis

text: Grandpa Jones

text: Syd Nathan

text: King Records

text: Hank Ballard

text: Wynonie Harris

text: James Brown

text: World War II

text: drafted

text: US Marine Corps

text: The Brown's Ferry Four

text: soundies

text: Jimmy Wakely

text: Johnny Bond

text: Les Paul

text: Mary Ford

text: Carolina Cotton

text: PBS

text: Snader Telescriptions

text: Capitol Records

text: Divorce Me C.O.D.

text: So Round, So Firm, So Fully Packed

text: Paul Bigsby

text: Leo Fender

text: Broadcaster

text: Folk Songs of the Hills

text: Dark as a Dungeon

text: Tennessee Ernie Ford

text: Molly Bee

text: NBC

text: The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford

text: folk revival

text: Johnny Cash

text: At Folsom Prison

text: Dolly Parton

text: 9 to 5 and Odd Jobs

text: Nitty Gritty Dirt Band

text: Will the Circle Be Unbroken

text: Doc Watson

text: Chet Atkins

text: honky-tonk

text: Hank Thompson

text: Gibson

text: From Here to Eternity

text: Tennessee Ernie Ford

text: Sixteen Tons

text: The Merle Travis Guitar

text: Folk Songs of the Hills

text: Back Home

text: Walkin' the Strings

text: American folk music revival

text: Carnegie Hall

text: Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs

text: Grand Ole Opry

text: Johnny Cash

text: Chet Atkins

text: Scotty Moore

text: Earl Hooker

text: Marcel Dadi

text: Thom Bresh

text: "Langejans Dualette"

text: ragtime

text: blues

text: boogie

text: jazz

text: Western swing

text: chord progression

text: harmonics

text: slides

text: bends

text: key

text: finger-picking

text: flatpicking

text: Blind Blake

text: Marcel Dadi

text: tablature

text: Nitty Gritty Dirt Band

text: Will the Circle Be Unbroken

text: roots music

text: The Atkins - Travis Traveling Show

text: Grammy

text: Academy Award

text: Harlan County, USA

text: CMH

text: Joe Maphis

text: heart attack

text: Tahlequah, Oklahoma

text: Drakesboro, Kentucky

text: Rounder Records

text: Bear Family Records

text: Country Routes

text: I'm from Arkansas

text: Galloping Thunder

text: Cyclone Fury

text: From Here to Eternity

text: That Tennessee Beat

text: Door-to-Door Maniac

text: Honkytonk Man

text: Harlan County, USA

text: at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum

text: Unofficial web site

text: On-line jukebox

categories: Guitarists from Kentucky,People from Muhlenberg County, Kentucky,Country musicians from Oklahoma,1917 births,20th-century American singers,Grammy Award winners,Capitol Records artists,1983 deaths,Guitarists from Oklahoma,American male singer-songwriters,American country guitarists,Shasta Records artists,Songwriters from Kentucky,American male guitarists,20th-century American guitarists,Country Music Hall of Fame inductees,American country singer-songwriters,Country musicians from Kentucky,Fingerstyle guitarists,Singers from Kentucky,Songwriters from Oklahoma,People from Tahlequah, Oklahoma,Singers from Oklahoma

paragraph: Merle Travis

paragraph: Merle Robert Travis (November 29, 1917 – October 20, 1983) was an American country and western singer, songwriter, and guitarist born in Rosewood, Kentucky. His songs' lyrics often discussed both the lives and the economic exploitation of American coal miners. Among his many well-known songs are "Sixteen Tons," "Re-Enlistment Blues," "I am a Pilgrim," and "Dark as a Dungeon." However, it is his unique guitar style, still called Travis Picking by guitarists, as well as his interpretations of the rich musical traditions of his native Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, for which he is best known today. "Travis Picking" is a syncopated style of guitar fingerpicking rooted in ragtime music in which alternating chords and bass notes are plucked by the thumb while melodies are simultaneously plucked by the index finger. He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970 and elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1977.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Merle Travis was born and raised in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, a place which would inspire many of Travis' original songs. (This is the same coal mining county mentioned in the John Prine song "Paradise"). He became interested in the guitar early in life and originally played one made by his brother. Travis reportedly saved his money to buy a guitar that he had window-shopped for some time.

paragraph: Merle's guitar playing style was developed out of a native tradition of fingerpicking in western Kentucky. Among its early practitioners was the black country blues guitarist Arnold Shultz. Shultz taught his style to several local musicians, including Kennedy Jones, who passed it on to other guitarists, notably Mose Rager, a part-time barber and coal miner, and Ike Everly, the father of The Everly Brothers. Their thumb and index fingerpicking method created a solo style that blended lead lines picked by the finger and rhythmic bass patterns picked or strummed by the thumbpick. This technique captivated many guitarists in the region and provided the main inspiration to young Travis. Travis acknowledged his debt to both Rager and Everly, and appears with Rager on the DVD "Legends of Country Guitar" (Vestapol, 2002).

paragraph: At the age of 18, Travis performed "Tiger Rag" on a local radio amateur show in Evansville, Indiana, leading to offers of work with local bands. In 1937 Travis was hired by fiddler Clayton McMichen as guitarist in his Georgia Wildcats. He later joined the Drifting Pioneers, a Chicago-area gospel quartet that moved to WLW radio in Cincinnati, the major country music station north of Nashville. Travis' style amazed everyone at WLW and he became a popular member of their barn dance radio show the "Boone County Jamboree" when it began in 1938. He performed on various weekday programs, often working with other WLW acts including Louis Marshall "Grandpa" Jones, the Delmore Brothers, (in Alton Delmore's book "Truth is Stranger Than Publicity" on pages 274–275, Alton describes how he taught Merle Travis how to read and write music) Hank Penny and Joe Maphis, all of whom became lifelong friends.

paragraph: In 1943, he and Grandpa Jones recorded for Cincinnati used-record dealer Syd Nathan, who had founded a new label, King Records. Because WLW barred their staff musicians from recording, Travis and Jones used the pseudonym The Sheppard Brothers. Their recording of "You'll Be Lonesome Too" was the first to be released by King Records, subsequently known for its country recordings by the Delmore Brothers and Stanley Brothers as well as R&B legends Hank Ballard, Wynonie Harris and most notably James Brown.

paragraph: With World War II and the threat of being drafted, Travis enlisted in the US Marine Corps. His stint as a Marine was very brief, and he returned to Cincinnati. When the Drifting Pioneers left radio station WLW, leaving a half-hour hole in the schedule that needed filling, Merle, Grandpa Jones and the Delmore Brothers formed a gospel group called The Brown's Ferry Four. Performing a repertoire of traditional white and black gospel songs, with Merle singing bass, they became one of the most popular country gospel groups of the time, recording nearly four dozen sides for the King label between 1946 and 1952. The Brown's Ferry Four has been called "possibly the best white gospel group ever."

paragraph: During this period, Travis appeared in several soundies, an early form of music video intended for visual jukeboxes where customers could view as well as hear the popular performers of the day. His first soundie was "Night Train To Memphis" with the band Jimmy Wakely and his Oklahoma Cowboys and Girls, including Johnny Bond and Wesley Tuttle along with Colleen Summers (who later married Les Paul and became Mary Ford). His performance of "Why'd I Fall For Abner" with Carolina Cotton was chosen for inclusion in the 2007 PBS documentary "Soundies". Several years later he recorded a set of Snader Telescriptions, short music videos intended for local television stations needing "filler" programming. His performances included playful duets with his then-wife Judy Hayden as well as several songs from his 1947 album "Folk Songs from the Hills" (see below).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career peak.

paragraph: Travis performed in stage shows and landed bit parts and singing roles in several B westerns. He recorded for small labels there until 1946 when he was signed to Hollywood-based Capitol Records. Early hits like "Cincinnati Lou", "No Vacancy", "Divorce Me C.O.D., "Sweet Temptation", "So Round, So Firm, So Fully Packed", and "Three Times Seven", all his own compositions, gave him national prominence, although they did not all showcase the guitar work that Travis was renowned for among his peers. His design for a solid body electric guitar, built for him by Paul Bigsby with a single row of tuners, is thought to have inspired longtime Travis pal Leo Fender's design of the famous Broadcaster in 1950. The Travis-Bigsby guitar now resides in the Music Hall of Fame Museum.

paragraph: In 1946, asked to record an album of folk songs, Travis combined traditional songs with several original compositions recalling his family's days working in the mines. The result was released as the 4-disk 78 rpm box set "Folk Songs of the Hills". This album, featuring Travis accompanied only on his guitar, contains his two most enduring songs, both centered on the lives of coal miners: "Sixteen Tons" and "Dark as a Dungeon".

paragraph: "Sixteen Tons" became a No. 1 "Billboard" country hit for Tennessee Ernie Ford in 1955 and has been recorded many times over the years. Travis and Molly Bee appeared together as guests on November 24, 1960, on NBC's "The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford". The darkly philosophical "Dark As A Dungeon", although never a hit single, became a folk standard during the 1960s folk revival, and has been covered by many artists including Johnny Cash in his best-selling concert album "At Folsom Prison", by Dolly Parton on her "9 to 5 and Odd Jobs" album and by Travis himself, along with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band in the landmark 1972 album "Will the Circle Be Unbroken". In spite of its initial lack of commercial success, "Folk Songs of the Hills", with added tracks, has remained in print virtually ever since.

paragraph: Travis was a popular radio performer throughout the 1940s and 1950s. He appeared on many country music television shows, co-hosting a show "Merle Travis and Company" with his wife Judy Hayden around 1953. He was a regular member of the Hollywood Barn dance broadcast over radio station KNX, Hollywood, and of the Town Hall Party, which was broadcast first as a radio show on KXLA out of Pasadena, California and later as a TV series in 1953–1961. However, his personal life became increasingly troubled. A heavy drinker and at times desperately insecure despite his multitude of talents (including prose writing, taxidermy, cartooning and watch repair), he was involved in various violent incidents in California, and he married several times in the course of his life. He suffered from serious stage fright, though amazed fellow performers added that once onstage, he was an effective and even charismatic performer. In spite of his problems he was respected and admired by his friends and fellow musicians. Longtime Travis fan Doc Watson named his son Merle Watson, and Travis admirer Chet Atkins named his daughter Merle Atkins, in Travis' honor.

paragraph: Travis' string of chart-topping honky-tonk hits in the 1940s did not continue into the 1950s, despite the reverence of friends like Grandpa Jones and Hank Thompson, with whom he toured and recorded as lead guitarist (Thompson, who could pick Travis-style, even had Gibson design him a Super 400 hollow body electric guitar identical to the one Travis began using in 1952.) Travis continued recording for Capitol in the 1950s, broadening his repertoire to include new guitar instrumentals, blues and boogie numbers. His uptempo single "Merle's Boogie Woogie" showed him working with multi-part disc recording at the same time as Les Paul.

paragraph: He found greater exposure after an appearance in the successful 1953 movie "From Here to Eternity" singing and playing "Reenlistment Blues", and following the success of his friend Tennessee Ernie Ford's million-selling rendition of "Sixteen Tons" in 1955. His reputation as a folk-inspired singer-composer and guitarist grew after the appearance of the album "The Merle Travis Guitar" in 1956, the reissue of "Folk Songs of the Hills" with four additional tracks under the title "Back Home" in 1957, and "Walkin' the Strings" in 1960, the latter two of which won 5-star ratings from "Rolling Stone Magazine". His career acquired a second wind during the American folk music revival in the late 1950s and early 1960s, leading to appearances at clubs, folk festivals and at Carnegie Hall as a guest of Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs in 1962. In the mid-1960s he moved to Nashville and joined the Grand Ole Opry. During this time he became a close friend and occasional hunting partner of Johnny Cash.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Guitar style.

paragraph: Merle Travis is now acknowledged as one of the most influential American guitarists of the 20th century. His unique guitar style inspired many guitarists who followed, most notably Chet Atkins, who first heard Travis's radio broadcasts on Cincinnati's WLW "Boone County Jamboree" in 1939 while living with his father in rural Georgia. Among the many other guitarists influenced by Travis are Scotty Moore, Earl Hooker and Marcel Dadi. Today, his son Thom Bresh (1948–) continues playing in Travis's style on a custom-made "Langejans Dualette".

paragraph: Although his early tutors were among the first to use the thumbpick in guitar playing, freeing the fingers to pick melody, Travis' style, according to Chet Atkins, went on in musical directions "never dreamt about" by his predecessors. His trademark mature style incorporated elements from ragtime, blues, boogie, jazz and Western swing, and was marked by rich chord progressions, harmonics, slides and bends, and rapid changes of key. He could shift quickly from finger-picking to flatpicking in the midst of a number by gripping his thumbpick like a flat pick. In his hands, the guitar resembled a full band. As his son Thom Bresh puts it, on first hearing his father as a child "I thought it was just the coolest sound, because it sounded like a whole bunch of instruments coming from one guitar. In it, I heard rhythm parts, I heard melodies, I heard chords and all this wrapped up in one." Equally at home on acoustic and electric guitar, Travis was one of the first to exploit the full range of techniques and sonorities available on the electric guitar.

paragraph: Though Chet Atkins was the most prominent guitarist to be inspired by Merle Travis, the two players' styles were significantly different. As Atkins explained, "While I play alternate bass strings which sounds more like a stride piano style, Merle played two bass strings simultaneously on the one and three beats, producing a more exciting solo rhythm, in my opinion. It was somewhat reminiscent of the great old black players." The resemblance was no coincidence; Travis himself acknowledged the influence of black guitarists such as Blind Blake, the foremost ragtime and blues guitarist of the late 1920s and early 1930s.

paragraph: Travis' style is explained and exemplified by Marcel Dadi on the DVD "The Guitar of Merle Travis", which includes live video performances by Travis of classics such as "John Henry" and "Nine Pound Hammer" as well as transcriptions of Travis solos in tablature.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Late career.

paragraph: After a career dip during which he struggled to overcome alcohol and drug abuse, Travis put his career back on track in the 1970s. He appeared frequently on such country music TV shows as "The Porter Wagoner Show", "The Johnny Cash Show", "Austin City Limits", "Grand Old Country", and "Nashville Swing"; and his featured performances on the 1972 Nitty Gritty Dirt Band album "Will the Circle Be Unbroken" introduced him to a new generation of roots music enthusiasts. His 1974 album of duets with Chet Atkins, "The Atkins - Travis Traveling Show", won a Grammy award in the category "Best Country Instrumental," and a later album "Travis Pickin"' received another nomination. In 1976, he contributed to the musical score of the Academy Award-winning documentary Harlan County, USA. Toward the end of the 1970s he signed a new contract with the Los-Angeles-based country music label CMH, which launched one of the most prolific recording periods in his career. The many titles that followed included new guitar solo albums, duets with Joe Maphis, a blues album, and a double LP tribute to the legendary country fiddler Clayton McMichen, with whom he had played in the 1930s.

paragraph: In 1983, Travis died of a heart attack at his Tahlequah, Oklahoma home. His body was cremated and his ashes scattered around a memorial erected to him near Drakesboro, Kentucky.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Although many of his original LP albums are still unissued on CD, Travis' posthumous discography continues to grow, due in large part to the efforts of independent labels. A live concert album "Merle Travis in Boston 1959" released by Rounder Records in 1993 documents Travis' singing and guitar work still at its peak. A major retrospective of Travis' work and career ("Guitar Rags and a Too Fast Past", five CDs with an 80-page booklet authored by Rich Kienzle, who interviewed many of Travis' contemporaries) was produced by Bear Family Records in 1994, and includes much previously unreleased material. The Country Routes label has issued several transcriptions of his radio broadcasts of the 1940s and 1950s. Several recent DVDs published by Vestapol and Bear Family have collected many of his music videos and television appearances. He was an honoree of the two-hour television special "An Evening of Country Greats: A Hall of Fame Celebration" in 1996, and two classic Travis performances were included in the four-part PBS television documentary "American Roots Music" in 2001, available in CD and DVD formats.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Notes on the recordings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1956 and 1968 Capitol albums are collections of unaccompanied electric guitar solos.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1957 Capitol LP album "Back Home" contains the 8 tracks of the 1947 box set "Folk Songs of the Hills" together with four previously unreleased tracks; the 1996 remastered CD reissue of this album, which reverts to the original title, adds a further unreleased track.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1960 Capitol album consists of unaccompanied acoustic guitar solos with a few vocals.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Capitol albums "Back Home", "Walkin' the Strings", and "The Best of Merle Travis" were awarded the top (five-star) rankings in the "Rolling Stone Record Guide"

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1974 album with Chet Atkins received a Grammy Award for Best Country Instrumental

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1979 CMH CD consists of late-period recordings, tracked over two days in New Mexico four years before Travis' death

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1981 LP "Travis Pickin' " is an acoustic solo guitar album

paragraph: BULLET::::- On the 1981 CMH LP "Rough, Rowdy and Blue" Travis accompanies himself on 12-string acoustic guitar

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1991, 1995, 1998 and 2003 Country Routes CDs contain remastered radio transcriptions

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1993 Bear Family double reissue contains remasterings of all tracks from "Back Home" (1957) and "Songs of the Coalmines" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 1993 Bear Family 5-CD collection contains Capitol singles from 1946 to 1955 as well as early singles recorded for small labels such as King and Bel-Tone as well as comprehensive notes by country music historian and Travis authority Rich Kienzle.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 2002 Varese Sarabande CD is a collection of remastered mid-50s live recordings, taken from appearances on Jimmy Wakely's radio show

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 2003 Proper Records 2-CD album is a compilation of remastered recordings from 1943 to 1952 accompanied by a 15-page booklet listing recording dates and personnel. Includes rare Sheppard Brothers and Browns Ferry Four tracks.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 2003 Rounder Records CD is a concert recording of songs accompanied on acoustic guitar

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 2008 2-CD Delta Leisure Group album is a digitally remastered compilation of recordings from the 1940s and 1950s.

paragraph: Section::::Music DVDs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 "Rare Performances 1946–1981", Vestapol (with 36-page booklet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "Legends of Country Guitar", Vestapol (with Chet Atkins, Doc Watson and Mose Rager)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "More Rare Performances 1946–1981", Vestapol (with 21-page booklet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "At Town Hall Party", Bear Family

paragraph: Section::::Music films.

paragraph: 1. Soundies Distributing Corporation (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Night Train to Memphis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Silver Spurs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Texas Home"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Old Chisholm Trail"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catalogue Cowboy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Why'd I Fall for Abner" (with Carolina Cotton)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Vacancy" (with the Bronco Busters and Betty Devere)

paragraph: 2. Snader Transcriptions (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spoonin' Moon" (with the Westerners and Judy Hayden)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Too Much Sugar for a Dime" (with the Westerners and Judy Hayden)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm a Natural Born Gamblin' Man" (with the Westerners)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Petticoat Fever" (with the Westerners)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sweet Temptation" (with the Westerners)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nine Pound Hammer" (with acoustic guitar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lost John" (with acoustic guitar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Muskrat" (with acoustic guitar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "John Henry" (with acoustic guitar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dark as a Dungeon" (with acoustic guitar)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Film appearances as musical performer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944: "I'm from Arkansas" - Musician (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944: "The Old Texas Trail" - Guitar and Banjo Player (uncredited) (U.K. title: "Old Stagecoach Line")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945: "Montana Plains" (Short) - Musician

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945: "When the Bloom is on the Sage" (Short) - Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945: "Why Did I Fall for Abner?" (Short) - Vocalist-Lead Guitarist

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 "Texas Home" (with Carolina Cotton) - Himself - Lead Singer-Guitarist

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946: "Roaring Rangers" (U.K. title "False Hero") - Guitar Player Travis (with the Bronco Busters)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946: "Galloping Thunder" (U.K. title "On Boot Hill") - Guitar Player (with the Bronco Busters)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946: "Lone Star Moonlight" (U.K. title "Amongst the Thieves") - Himself (with the Merle Travis Trio)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946: "Old Chisholm Trail" (Short) - Vocalist

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947: "Silver Spurs" (Short) - Vocalist-Guitarist

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: "Cyclone Fury" - Guitar Player (with the Bronco Busters)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953: "From Here to Eternity" - Sal Anderson (vocal with acoustic guitar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: "That Tennessee Beat" - Larry Scofield

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Other film appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945: "Beyond the Pecos" - Slim Jones (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: "Door-to-Door Maniac" (U.S. video title "Last Blood") - Max

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "The Night Rider" (TV Short) - Kentucky

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982: "Honkytonk Man" - Texas Playboy #3 (final film role)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Original film music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976: "Harlan County, USA"

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Travis, Merle. 1976. Foreword to "Country Roots: the Origins of Country Music" by Douglas B. Green. New York : Hawthorn Books. , pbk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Travis, Merle. 1979. "Recollections of Merle Travis: 1944–1955" (Parts 1 & 2). 1979. "John Edwards Memorial Foundation Quarterly", Vol. XV, Nos. 54 and 55, pp. 107–114; 135–143.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Travis, Merle. 1955. "The Saga of Sixteen Tons", "United Mine Workers Journal", December 1, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Merle Travis on Home Ground", Interview with Hedy West in "Sing Out", Vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 20–26.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Interview: Merle Travis Talking with Mark Humphrey" (Parts 1 to 4). 1981–1982. "Old Time Music" nos. 36–39, pp. 6–10; 20–24; 14–18; 22–25.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kienzle, Rich, 2004. "Merle Travis". In Paul Kingsbury, ed., "The Encyclopedia of Country Music: the Ultimate Guide to the Music". New York: Oxford University Press. ,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold, Jude. 2006. "The secrets of Travis picking: Thom Bresh passes on the lessons of his legendary father, Merle Travis," "Guitar Player", April 1, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eatherly, Pat Travis. 1987. "In Search of My Father." Broadman Press. # , #

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dicaire, David. 2007. "The First Generation of Country Music Stars: Biographies of 50 Artists Born Before 1940". Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolfe, Charles K. 1996. "Kentucky Country: Folk and Country Music of Kentucky." University Press of Kentucky. , .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unofficial web site

paragraph: BULLET::::- On-line jukebox

paragraph: BULLET::::- Merle Travis, member of the Brown's Ferry Four with the Delmore Brothers. Sessionography, Discography

description: American country/Western singer-songwriter and musician

wikidata_label: Merle Travis

wikipedia_title: Merle Travis


text: Eastern Orthodox Church

text: Catholic Church

text: Oriental Orthodoxy

text: Liber Pontificalis

text: Greek Jews

text: Bethlehem

text: Roman emperor

text: Trajan

text: Clement I

text: See of Rome

text: Eusebius

text: Church History

text: Trajan

text: titles

text: priest

text: deacon

text: Roman Martyrology

text: Saint Peter's tomb

text: John the Apostle

text: List of Catholic saints

text: List of popes

categories: 1st-century archbishops,Roman-era Jews,2nd-century Romans,1st-century births,1st-century popes,2nd-century Christian saints,Greek popes,Popes,107 deaths,1st-century Romans,Papal saints,Year of birth unknown,2nd-century archbishops,People from Bethlehem

paragraph: Pope Evaristus

paragraph: Pope Evaristus (died 107 AD) was Bishop of Rome, holding office from 99 to his death 107. He was also known as Aristus. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Catholic Church, and Oriental Orthodoxy.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Little is known about St. Evaristus. According to the "Liber Pontificalis", he came from a family of Greek Jews living in Bethlehem. He was elected during the reign of the Roman emperor Trajan, and succeeded Clement I in the See of Rome.

paragraph: Eusebius, in his "Church History" IV, I, stated that Evaristus died in the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Trajan after holding the office of bishop of the Romans for eight years. He is said by the "Liber Pontificalis" to have divided Rome into several titles, assigning a priest to each, and appointed seven deacons for the city.

paragraph: He is usually accorded the title of martyr; however, there is no confirmation of this, as Pope Evaristus is listed without that title in the Roman Martyrology, with a feast day on 26 October. It is probable that Evaristus was buried near Saint Peter's tomb in the Vatican. It is also probable that John the Apostle died during the beginning of Evaristus' reign.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic saints

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of popes

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Writings attributed to Pope St Evaristus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patron Saints Index: "Pope Saint Evaristus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Online – Saints & Angels: "St. Evaristus"

alias:
Pope Evaristus
Aristus

description: 5th Pope of the Catholic Church

wikidata_label: Evaristus

wikipedia_title: Pope Evaristus


text:
Pope
Rome
Commune of Rome
papacy
Bologna
canon
Basilica di San Frediano
Pope Honorius II
cardinal priest
Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
Gospels
Mass
Diocese of Rome
papal legate
Germany
Holy Roman Emperor
Lothair III
Norbert of Xanten
Archbishop
Magdeburg
Benevento
Pope Innocent II
Italy
Antipope Anacletus II
Monte Cassino
papacy
Salerno
schism
Roger II of Sicily
chancellor
papal election of 1144
Pope Lucius I
Christendom
England
monasteries
Bernard
Bishop of St David's
Metropolitan bishop
pallium
William
Archbishop of York
Empress Matilda
Lucca
suzerain
Pisa
fief
Portugal
Afonso I
Kingdom of León
homage
Apostolic See
King of Portugal
Pope Alexander III
Corneto
Papal States
Roger II of Sicily
godparent
Ceprano
vassal
Holy See
Capua
Sicily
Roger III, Duke of Apulia
Campania
Robert of Selby
Ferentino
Normans
Benevento
Roman Senate
revolutionary republic
Rome
Capitoline Hill
magisterium
Giordano Pierleoni
Antipope Anacletus II
Commune of Rome
Conrad
King of the Romans
Patrician
Bernard of Clairvaux
Frangipani family
Circus Maximus
Palatine Hill
Roman Forum
Aventine Hill
ordain
abbot
San Saba
Godfrey of Viterbo
San Gregorio Magno al Celio
St John Lateran
heraldic badge
shield
List of popes

categories: 1145 deaths,12th-century Roman Catholic bishops,12th-century popes,Popes,Year of birth unknown,Italian popes,People from Bologna

paragraph: Pope Lucius II

paragraph: Pope Lucius II (; died 15 February 1145), born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was Pope from 9 March 1144 to his death in 1145. His pontificate was notable for the unrest in Rome associated with the Commune of Rome and its attempts to wrest control of the city from the papacy.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, the son of Orso Caccianemici was born in Bologna. He was for many years a canon of the Basilica di San Frediano before his elevation by Pope Honorius II to cardinal priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme in 1124. During this time there he renovated the basilica, attached a body of regular canons and improved its revenue stream. After he was elevated as pope, he presented to the church a copy of the Gospels bound with plates of gold and adorned with jewels, as well as an altar-cover and two chased silver-gilt ampullae for use at Mass. Honorius also appointed him the librarian of the Diocese of Rome before appointing him papal legate in Germany in 1125. While there, he helped support the candidacy of Holy Roman Emperor Lothair III as well as appointing Saint Norbert of Xanten as the Archbishop of Magdeburg. In 1128, Gherardo was sent to Benevento to govern the city, which had overthrown the previous rector.

paragraph: In 1130 he was again appointed legate to Germany by Pope Innocent II, where he was instrumental in convincing Lothair III to make two expeditions to Italy for the purpose of protecting Pope Innocent II against the Antipope Anacletus II. He had a further period as legate to Germany in 1135–36. He was one of the principal negotiators with Lothair III in attempting to force the monks of Monte Cassino to submit themselves to the authority of the papacy. In addition, he was sent to Salerno to negotiate the end of the schism involving Anacletus II with King Roger II of Sicily. As a principal supporter of Pope Innocent II, the pope rewarded him for his efforts by appointing him papal chancellor. After the papal election of 1144, Gherardo was elected as Lucius II and consecrated on 12 March 1144. He probably took his name in honor of Pope Lucius I, who was commemorated a few days prior to Gherardo's consecration.

paragraph: Section::::Pontificate.

paragraph: Section::::Pontificate.:Relations with England and Portugal.

paragraph: Lucius was involved in the usual running of church business throughout medieval Christendom. In England, he granted a number of privileges to bishops, monasteries and churches, including exempting the monastery of St. Edmund from all subjection to the secular authorities. He also dispatched a papal legate, Igmarus (or Hincmar), to England, charged to investigate the request of Bernard, Bishop of St David's, to elevate his see to the rank of Metropolitan bishop, and to take the pallium to William, Archbishop of York. Regarding the political situation in England, he took the side of the Empress Matilda over the rights to the English crown.

paragraph: Early in his reign, Lucius received a request from prominent members of the town of Lucca to become the suzerain of the castle within the town in order to protect it from the war between Lucca and Pisa. Lucius received it on 18 March 1144 and for a payment of ten pounds of gold, agreed to defend it on his behalf. Lucius then returned the castle to them as a fief.

paragraph: Meanwhile, in Portugal, King Afonso I, eager to maintain the newly established independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León, offered to do homage to Lucius, as he had done to Pope Innocent II, and to make the pope the feudal suzerain of his lands. He offered Lucius his territory and a yearly tribute of four ounces of gold in exchange for the defence and support of the Apostolic See. Although Lucius accepted Afonso’s feudal homage on 1 May 1144, and excused him from appearing in person, he did not acknowledge Afonso as King of Portugal, but instead as "Dux Portugallensis". The royal title would eventually be conferred by Pope Alexander III.

paragraph: Finally, the city of Corneto, formally belonging to the Papal States, was restored to the papacy during Lucius’ pontificate by a formal deed on 20 November 1144.

paragraph: Section::::Pontificate.:Conflict with Roger II of Sicily.

paragraph: Although Lucius had been the friend of King Roger II of Sicily and godparent to one of his children, the situation between the two would soon deteriorate. The two parties met at Ceprano in June 1144 to clarify the duties of Roger as a vassal of the Holy See. Lucius demanded the return of the principality of Capua, while Roger instead wanted additional territory that formed part of the Papal States in the south. Lucius II, on the advice of his cardinals, was unwilling to accept Roger’s demands and rejected them. Infuriated, Roger returned to Sicily and asked his son Roger III, Duke of Apulia, to invade Campania. Roger did as he was asked, and sent his general Robert of Selby against Lucius, ravaging the country as far north as Ferentino. This forced the Romans to capitulate, and in September 1144, Lucius agreed to Roger’s terms, negotiating a seven-year truce. The Normans in return withdrew back to their conquered territories and promised not to attack Benevento or any other papal territory.

paragraph: Section::::Pontificate.:Emergence of the Roman Commune.

paragraph: This surrender on the part of Lucius II gave an opportunity for members of the Roman Senate to reassert their ancient independence and authority and to erect a revolutionary republic at Rome which sought to deprive the Pope of his temporal power. The principal groups involved in this movement were the merchants and artisans, while the urban nobility kept their neutrality.

paragraph: The Senate, which practically took all temporal power from the Pope during the pontificate of Innocent II, had been managed with considerable skill and firmness by Lucius at the beginning of his pontificate, convincing many senators to either leave the Capitoline Hill or to lay down their magisterium. Now, encouraged by Lucius II's defeat, the Senate, led by Giordano Pierleoni, brother of the former Antipope Anacletus II, rebelled against Lucius II, driving out the papal prefects and establishing the Commune of Rome. They demanded the pope abandon all governmental duties, and that he would retain only ecclesiastical taxes and voluntary tributes. The Senate took over powers to elect magistrates and strike its own coinage. At first, Lucius asked for Roger II's aid, but Roger, still annoyed that Lucius had not fully recognised his kingship, withheld his assistance. Lucius then turned for help to Conrad, King of the Romans, and on December 1144 wrote to him pleading for military assistance against the Senate and the Patrician Giordano Pierleoni. Lucius was supported by Bernard of Clairvaux, who also wrote to Conrad, asking for him to intervene.

paragraph: While waiting for Conrad’s reply, Lucius decided to take matters into his own hands. Turning to the Roman aristocracy, in particular the Frangipani family, he gave them the fortress of the Circus Maximus on 31 January 1145, allowing them complete control of the southern portion of the Palatine Hill. The Roman Forum had become a battleground, and the confusion prevented Lucius from travelling to the Aventine Hill to ordain the abbot of San Saba on 20 January 1145.

paragraph: Finally, Lucius marched against the Senatorial positions on the Capitol with a small army. He was driven back by Giordano, and according to Godfrey of Viterbo, he was seriously injured during this battle (by a thrown stone). He did not recover from his injuries and died on 15 February 1145 at San Gregorio Magno al Celio, where he was under the protection of the neighbouring Frangipani fortress.

paragraph: Lucius II was buried at St John Lateran in the circular portico behind the apse. His heraldic badge was a shield of argent, with a bear rampant of proper sable.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of popes

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Levillain, Philippe, "The Papacy: An Encyclopedia, Vol II: Gaius-Proxies", Routledge, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas, P. C., "A Compact History of the Popes", St Pauls BYB, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mann, Horace K., "The Lives of the Popes in the Middle Ages, Vol 9" (1925)

alias:
Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso
Pope Lucius II

description: pope

wikidata_label: Lucius II

wikipedia_title: Pope Lucius II