text:
English
Hundred Years' War
John FitzAlan, 3rd Baron Maltravers
Arundel earldom
France
John, Duke of Bedford
King Henry VI
Île-de-France
Battle of Gerbevoy
amputated
Arundel Castle
Humphrey
Earl of Arundel
William
Lytchett Matravers
Dorset
John FitzAlan, 3rd Baron Maltravers
Beverstone
Gloucestershire
Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel
earldom of Arundel
Thomas FitzAlan, 5th Earl of Arundel
Elizabeth FitzAlan
Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
John Cornwall, Baron Fanhope
Elizabeth
John of Gaunt
Henry VI
Lord Maltravers
Lord Arundel
indenture
Arundel Castle
Hundred Years' War
Henry V
John, Duke of Bedford
Siege of Compiègne
Joan of Arc
Anglure
Burgundians
tournament
Rouen
Vernon
Verneuil
Rouen Castle
Ricarville
Order of the Garter
Battle of Jargeau
Île-de-France
Lagny-sur-Marne
Upper Normandy
Sées
lieutenant-general
Lower Normandy
Ambroise de Loré
Bonsmoulins
Saint-Céneri
Saint-Célerin
Sillé-le-Guillaume
Beaumont-le-Vicomte
Pont-de-l'Arche
John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury
Seine
Loire
Touraine
Saint-Lô
Bessin
Duke of Alençon
Avranches
Mantes-la-Jolie
Gournay-en-Bray
Gerberoy
battle
culverin
musket
Beauvais
Thomas Basin
Lord Scales
Jehan de Waurin
Duke of Norfolk
Fulk Eyton
Fitzalan Chapel
Arundel Castle
Polydore Vergil
Humphrey
William

categories: Barons Maltravers,1435 deaths,1408 births,Earls of Arundel,Knights of the Garter,Knights of the Bath,Dukes of Touraine,People of the Hundred Years' War

paragraph: John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel

paragraph: John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel, 4th Baron Maltravers (14 February 140812 June 1435) was an English nobleman and military commander during the later phases of the Hundred Years' War. His father, John FitzAlan, 3rd Baron Maltravers, fought a long battle to lay claim to the Arundel earldom, a battle that was not finally resolved until after the father's death, when John FitzAlan the son was finally confirmed in the title in 1433.

paragraph: Already before this, in 1430, FitzAlan had departed for France, where he held a series of important command positions. He served under John, Duke of Bedford, the uncle of the eight-year-old King Henry VI. FitzAlan was involved in recovering fortresses in the Île-de-France region, and in suppressing local rebellions. His military career ended, however, at the Battle of Gerbevoy in 1435. Refusing to retreat in the face of superior forces, Arundel was shot in the foot and captured. His leg was later amputated, and he died shortly afterwards from the injury. His final resting place was a matter of dispute until the mid-nineteenth century, when his tomb at Arundel Castle was revealed to contain a skeleton missing one leg.

paragraph: Arundel was considered a great soldier by his contemporaries. He had been a successful commander in France, in a period of decline for the English, and his death was a great loss to his country. He was succeeded by his son Humphrey, who did not live to adulthood. The title of Earl of Arundel then went to John's younger brother William.

paragraph: Section::::Family background.

paragraph: John FitzAlan was born at Lytchett Matravers in Dorset on 14 February 1408. He was the son of John FitzAlan, 3rd Baron Maltravers (1385–1421) and Eleanor (d. 1455), daughter of Sir John Berkeley of Beverstone, Gloucestershire. John FitzAlan the elder, through his great-great-grandfather Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel, made a claim on the earldom of Arundel after the death of Thomas FitzAlan, 5th Earl of Arundel, in 1415. The claim was disputed, however, by Thomas's three sisters and their families, foremost among these Elizabeth FitzAlan, who had married Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk. It is debatable whether Maltravers ever held the title of Earl of Arundel; he was summoned to parliament under this title once, in 1416, but never again. When he died in 1421, the dispute continued under his son, and it was not until in 1433 that the younger John FitzAlan finally had his title confirmed in parliament, despite the Mowbrays disputing his claim. Four years earlier, in July 1429, he had received his late father's estates and title.

paragraph: As a child, John FitzAlan was contracted to marry Constance, who was the daughter of John Cornwall, Baron Fanhope, and through her mother Elizabeth granddaughter of John of Gaunt. The two may or may not have married, but Constance was dead by 1429, when John married Maud, daughter of Robert Lovell. FitzAlan was knighted in 1426 along with the four-year-old King Henry VI, where he was referred to as "Dominus de Maultravers" ("Lord Maltravers"). In the summer of 1429 he was summoned to parliament, this time styled "Johanni Arundell' Chivaler", meaning he was now Lord Arundel. In 1430, however, in an indenture for service with the king in France, he was styled Earl of Arundel, a title he also used himself. When he was finally officially recognised in his title of Earl of Arundel in 1433, this was based on the recognition that the title went with the possession of Arundel Castle. In reality though, the grant was just as much a reward for the military services he had by that point rendered in France.

paragraph: Section::::Service in France.

paragraph: John FitzAlan the father had been a prominent soldier in the Hundred Years' War under King Henry V, and the son followed in his father's footsteps. On 23 April 1430, the younger FitzAlan departed for France in the company of the Earl of Huntingdon. There he soon made a name for himself as a soldier, under the command of the king's uncle, John, Duke of Bedford. In June he took part in the Siege of Compiègne, where Joan of Arc had recently been captured. Later, he raised the siege of Anglure with the help of the Burgundians. On 17 December 1431, he was present when Henry VI was crowned King of France in Paris, where he distinguished himself at the accompanying tournament. FitzAlan's military success led to several important appointments of command; in November 1431, he was made lieutenant of the Rouen garrison, and shortly after also captain of Vernon. In January 1432 he was appointed captain of Verneuil. On the night of 3 February he was taken by surprise while in bed at the Great Tower of Rouen Castle, when a band of French soldiers from nearby Ricarville managed to take the castle. Arundel was hoisted down the walls in a basket; and made his escape. The assailants could not hold the castle, because Marshall Boussac refused to garrison the town; Guillaume de Ricarville was forced to surrender twelve days later. In April 1432, FitzAlan was rewarded for his actions so far by initiation into the Order of the Garter.

paragraph: In a separate action from Rouen Arundel was sent to rescue Saint Lo. from an attack by the duke of Alençon's army, after the town's captain Raoul Tesson had been appointed to replace Suffolk, who was captured at the Battle of Jargeau. The French retreated to the fastness of Mont St Michel, from where they continued to raid Anglo-Norman towns, like Granville in 1433.

paragraph: From early 1432 onwards, FitzAlan held several regional commands in northern France. One of his tasks was recovering fortresses in the Île-de-France region, at which he was mostly successful. At Lagny-sur-Marne he blew up the bridge to prevent the citizens from reaching the castle, but still failed to take the fortification. In December he was appointed to a regional command in Upper Normandy, but had to defend the town of Sées from a siege. On 10 March 1433, he issued a pardon to the inhabitants when the town was retaken from the Armangnacs.

paragraph: In July Arundel was instead made lieutenant-general of Lower Normandy. The earl continued his work of recovering lost fortresses that belonged to Ambroise de Loré, Bonsmoulins was taken easily, but Loré's family had occupied Saint-Céneri. After three months of culverin bombardment the walls were breached and most of the garrison killed. The remainder were allowed to march out unharmed.

paragraph: In the County of Alençon, a young, tall and courageous earl led the campaign that probably took place in 1433, taking back Saint-Célerin, Sillé-le-Guillaume, where there was a short skirmish. The Armagnacs arrived, and demanded the return of the hostages in the castle; Arundel feigned to agree and departed. As soon as the Armangnacs rode off Arundel returned and took the castle by assault. and by 1434 Beaumont-le-Vicomte. In December 1433, Bedford again appointed him commander in Upper Normandy, as well as captain of Pont-de-l'Arche.

paragraph: By now the Earl of Arundel might have returned briefly to England in May 1434, when he was in the process of gathering troops for an English expedition to France. But John, Duke of Bedford was forced to raise loans for the soldiers' pay in the Maine campaign. That Spring he was joined in Paris by Talbot with nearly 1000 reinforcements from England. Later in May he was replaced as lieutenant of Upper Normandy by John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, and instead received a command between the Seine and Loire rivers. This effectively meant that the two shared the command of Normandy, with Talbot east of the Seine and Arundel to the west. But they combined operations capturing Beaumont-sur-Oise, and then Creil, which was finally taken on 20 June 1434. In the summer Arundel captured the Mantes-Chartres regional fortresses; it appeared for a time at least the Armagnacs no longer posed a threat to Paris.

paragraph: On 8 September, Arundel was also made Duke of Touraine – an area held by the French. The grant was made as a reward for his good service, but also in the hope that he would campaign in the area. In October he was made captain of Saint-Lô, where he had to deal with a rebellion in the Bessin area. The Duke of Alençon was trying to exploit the revolt to take control of Avranches, but Arundel managed to prevent the French advance and ended the rebellion.

paragraph: But in early 1435 the area of western Normandy erupted in popular revolt. Arundel wads summoned to call muster from Rouen in order to protect Caen. Arundel was joined by another lieutenant-general Lord Scales from his base at Domfront, commanded to relieve Avranches. Alençon intended to build a fortress at Savigny, but when the English found out, the bailli of Cotentin was required to demolish it. With 800 men, Arundel was sent to recover Rue was he learnt that La Hire was fortifying Gerberoy, only 37 miles east of Rouen. Talbot had previously cleared out the Picardy, but when Arundel arrived he discovered to his surprise La Hire and Poton de Xantrailles had already occupied the fortress. He was forced to give battle or besiege.

paragraph: Section::::Death and aftermath.

paragraph: On the night of 31 May/1 June 1435, Arundel was at Mantes-la-Jolie in the Île-de-France, when he was ordered to relocate north to Gournay-sur-Epte (now Gournay-en-Bray). When he was informed that the French had taken over the nearby fortress at Gerberoy, he moved quickly to attack it. The English met with a large French force at Gerberoy. Many withdrew to Gournay in panic, but Arundel remained to fight. In the ensuing battle, Arundel lost many of his men and was himself hit in the foot by a shot from a culverin, a primitive musket. Heavily wounded, he was taken to Beauvais as a captive of the French. According to the French historian Thomas Basin, Arundel was humiliated by his defeat and refused to receive medical treatment for the damage to his foot. The leg was eventually amputated, but Arundel's life could not be saved; he died of his injuries on 12 June 1435, depriving the English of one of their youngest, most able and dedicated military leaders. Arundel was replaced in his command by Lord Scales.

paragraph: There was long uncertainty about what had happened to the earl's body. The French chronicler Jehan de Waurin claimed that Arundel had simply been buried in Beauvais. In the mid-nineteenth century, however, the chaplain of the Duke of Norfolk came upon the will of Arundel's squire, Fulk Eyton, when he died later in 1454. Eyton maintained therein that he had secured the earl's body and brought it back to England, for which he had been rewarded with a payment of 1400 Marks. The body was disinterred brought back to England, then entombed in the Fitzalan Chapel of Arundel Castle, as Arundel had expressly wished for in his own will. On 16 November 1857, the tomb in the Arundel chapel carrying the earl's effigy was opened. In it was found a skeleton measuring over six feet, with a missing leg.

paragraph: Arundel's military career coincided with a period of general decline for the English in France. He had been an unusually successful campaigner. His death was lamented in England and celebrated in France. He was referred to as the "English Achilles"; the historian Polydore Vergil called him "a man of singular valour, constancy, and gravity." With his wife, Maud, he had a son, Humphrey, who was born on 30 January 1429. Humphrey succeeded to his father's title, but died on 24 April 1438, while still a minor. John FitzAlan's younger brother, William, was next in line of succession. William was born in 1417 and was created Earl of Arundel in 1438 when he came of age.

paragraph: Section::::FitzAlan family tree.

paragraph: The following simplified family tree shows the background for the dispute over the Arundel title and inheritance. Solid lines denote children and dashed lines marriages.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Secondary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- C de Beaurepaire, "Les Etats d e Normandie sous la Domination Anglaise 1422-1435", Évreux 1859

paragraph: BULLET::::- L Douet-D'Arcq, (ed.), "La Chronique d'Enguerran de Montsrelet", Paris, 1859–62, vols 3–6.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A J R Pollard, "John Talbot and the War in France", 1427–1453, London and New Jersey, 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Rymer, ed., "Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae", London, 1726–35, 10 vols.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Very Rev Canon Tierney, "Discovery of the Remains of John, 7th Earl of Arundel", "Sussex Archaeological Collections", vol.12, (1860), pp. 232–9

paragraph: BULLET::::- J H Wylie, "The History of England under Henry the Fifth" (1896)

description: English noble

wikidata_label: John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel

wikipedia_title: John Fitzalan, 7th Earl of Arundel

wikipedia_title: John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel


text: Orthodox

text: rabbi

text: Talmud

text: Mussar

text: Europe

text: United States

text: Białystok

text: dayan

text: Grodno

text: Shimon Shkop

text: Elchonon Wasserman

text: Baruch Ber Lebowitz

text: Mir yeshiva

text: mussar

text: Yeruchom Levovitz

text: Yechiel Michel Feinstein

text: Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik

text: Brisker

text: Isser Zalman Meltzer

text: rosh yeshiva

text: Eliezer Yehuda Finkel

text: Brisk

text: shiurim

text: Kodashim

text: Chaim Brisker

text: Berel Povarsky

text: Ponevezh yeshiva

text: posek

text: Chaim Ozer Grodzensky

text: Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg

text: Avraham Kalmanowitz

text: Shanghai

text: war years

text: yeshiva

text: Kobe

text: Moshe Feinstein

text: Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem

text: Brooklyn

text: Dovid Ber Kreiser

text: Greiver, Poland

text: Kletsk

text: kollel

text: Beth Hatalmud Rabbinical College

text: Volozhin yeshiva

text: Slabodka yeshiva

text: Torah

text: sugya

text: Torah study

text: study hall

text: Shabsai Frankel

text: Maimonides

text: Aharon Kotler

text: Shas

text: Kodashim

text: Nezikin

text: Mordechai Elefant

text: Shimshon Dovid Pincus

categories: American Haredi rabbis,1962 deaths,Polish Orthodox rabbis,1906 births,20th-century rabbis,Rosh yeshivas

paragraph: Aryeh Leib Malin

paragraph: Aryeh Leib Malin (1906–1962) was an Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and Mussarist in both Europe and the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Rabbi Malin was born in Mileitzitz near Białystok. His father, Rabbi Avraham Moshe, served as a dayan (rabbinical court judge) in Mileitzitz. In his early years, Malin learned in Grodno under Rabbi Shimon Shkop. Later he learned under Rabbis Elchonon Wasserman and Baruch Ber Lebowitz. As an older student, he learned in the Mir yeshiva, where he gained a reputation as a prototype-follower of "lomdus" (in-depth study) and a model of mussar. In mussar, Malin is a student of Rabbi Yeruchom Levovitz, and he edited the second volume of Rabbi Levovitz's book "Daas Chochma U'Mussar". Rabbi Yechiel Michel Feinstein, a son-in-law of Rabbi Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik, the Brisker Rav, said of Malin that he had an ability to totally immerse himself into whatever Talmudical tractate was being learned in Mir.

paragraph: At the request of Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer, Mir rosh yeshiva Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda Finkel sent a group of his finest scholars to Brisk to hear the Brisker Rav's lectures. Among the group that heard the Rav's "shiurim" on "Kodashim" were Malin, Ephraim Mordechai Ginsburg, Yonah Karpilov (Yonas Ilem), and the Brisker Rav's future son-in-law, Yechiel Michel Feinstein. During this period, Malin became especially close to the Brisker Rav, who took a special liking to him. Malin was able to record many of the Brisker Rav's lectures, which were later published in stencil form. He also was given special access to manuscripts of Rabbi Chaim Brisker. Rabbi Berel Povarsky of Ponevezh yeshiva – who edited and published Malin's writings, "Chidushei Reb Aryeh Leib" – branded his uncle's Torah as "Brisker Torah," meaning that it continues the tradition of Brisk.

paragraph: In Mir, Malin was part of an elite group of students who served as models of proper behavior and learning. This group was highly respected by the leading posek, Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzensky, and was still fondly remembered decades later by Rabbi Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg. In 1941, in the midst of World War II, Malin declined an invitation to immigrate to America, extended to him by Rabbi Avraham Kalmanowitz. Instead, he followed the Mir Yeshiva into exile in Shanghai during the war years.

paragraph: During this time, he took on many administrative duties in the yeshiva. He played a major role in the committee that was involved in the logistics of moving the yeshiva first to Kobe, Japan, where the yeshiva spent about half a year, and then to Shanghai, where the yeshiva remained until the end of the war.

paragraph: Section::::In America.

paragraph: After the war, Malin moved to America. Immediately upon his immigration to America, he rejected proposals from Rabbi Moshe Feinstein to become rosh yeshiva of Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem, and Rabbi Avraham Kalmanowitz to become the rosh yeshiva of the newly established Brooklyn branch of the Mir yeshiva. Instead, after his 1948 marriage to Yaffa Kreiser, daughter of Rabbi Dovid Ber Kreiser, "av beis din" of Greiver, Poland and a "rosh yeshiva" in Kletsk, Malin opted to create a yeshiva and kollel modeled on the Mir of prewar Europe. He created Beth Hatalmud Rabbinical College in Brooklyn, which he regarded as a continuation of Volozhin yeshiva, Slabodka yeshiva, and Mir yeshiva.

paragraph: As rosh yeshiva of Beis HaTalmud, Malin upheld standards of Torah and mussar that were instructive in themselves. One time, he announced that he would deliver a lecture on a certain sugya and then, on the day of the scheduled lecture, he cancelled it. He explained that he had been unable to see the proper desire on the part of the students to hear the lecture.

paragraph: Despite being busy with the yeshiva's affairs, Malin would spend hours immersed in Torah study. About nine months before his death, he was injured by a stone thrown at him by a hooligan. On the last day of his life, he was seen in the women's section of the study hall, standing with his hands outstretched, deeply immersed in prayer. A student who saw him, who later became a prominent doctor, concluded that Malin was then suffering a heart attack. Later, Malin collapsed after arriving late to a meeting in the house of Rabbi Shabsai Frankel (who famously re-printed the works of Maimonides). He was 56 years old.

paragraph: Rabbi Aharon Kotler said at Malin 's funeral that the Jewish communities were deprived of a potential leader for the next generation with Malin's death.

paragraph: Section::::Works and influences.

paragraph: Malin's main work, "Chidushei Rebbi Aryeh Leib", was published posthumously by his nephew. This work is on the entire scope of Shas, and is used in many present-day yeshivas, especially in matters concerning "Kodashim" and "Nezikin", for which the work is famous. Two of Malin's students were Rabbi Mordechai Elefant and Rabbi Shimshon Dovid Pincus.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Yeshiva's Home: HaRav Aryeh Leib Malin, 29th Teves 5763, His Forty-First Yahrtzeit (part 1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Yeshiva's Home: HaRav Aryeh Leib Malin, 29 Teves 5763, His Forty-First Yahrtzeit (Part 2)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Some Lines in His Memory -- 29th Teves 5764 by Rebbetzin Yaffa Malin-Ebner

description: American rabbi

wikidata_label: Aryeh Leib Malin

wikipedia_title: Aryeh Leib Malin


text:
footballer
defender
FC Sion
Pristina
Pratteln
FC Concordia Basel
FC Basel
Swiss Challenge League
Neuchâtel Xamax
UEFA Champions League
Sporting Lisbon
Estádio José Alvalade
François Marque
Uefa Champions League Group C match
Camp Nou
FC Barcelona
Franco Costanzo
FC Zürich
2007–08
2009–10
Double
SC Freiburg
Bundesliga
Challenge League
FC Winterthur
Altin Osmani
capped
Swiss under-21 team
Liechtenstein
Swiss Super League
2007–08
2009–10
2010–11
Swiss Cup
2007–08
2009–10
Uhren Cup

categories: Kosovan footballers,Swiss expatriate footballers,Bundesliga players,Kosovan emigrants to Switzerland,FC Basel players,Swiss footballers,Kosovo Albanians,Swiss people of Albanian descent,Swiss Super League players,1986 births,Switzerland youth international footballers,Expatriate footballers in Germany,SC Freiburg players,Switzerland under-21 international footballers,Living people,Association football defenders,Swiss Challenge League players,FC Concordia Basel players,Sportspeople from Pristina,FC Winterthur players

paragraph: Beg Ferati

paragraph: Beg Ferati (born 10 November 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a defender for FC Sion.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Born in Pristina, Ferati moved to Pratteln, Switzerland when he was a child and played for FC Pratteln and FC Concordia Basel as a youth. He signed his first professional contract with Concordia's neighbours, FC Basel, in 2005 and played 28 games for their reserve squad before returning to Concordia during the Summer of 2006. Ferati played for Concordia in the Swiss Challenge League for one and a half years.

paragraph: In January 2008, he made his way back to FC Basel. Ferati made his Basel debut on 9 February 2008 in the 3–0 home win against Neuchâtel Xamax, but played only five league games during that season. He played in the semi-final of the Uhrencup on 10 Juli 2008. He surprisingly started in their 2–0 UEFA Champions League defeat to Sporting Lisbon at the Estádio José Alvalade as a replacement for the injured François Marque on 1 October 2008 and despite the defeat played as a first team regular from then on. He received very good critics for the Uefa Champions League Group C match on 4 November 2008 in Camp Nou in the 1–1 draw against FC Barcelona.

paragraph: On 9 August 2009, Ferati and teammate Franco Costanzo were involved in a scuffle after a 1–1 with FC Zürich. The pair began arguing on the pitch, and then Ferati shoved Costanzo who responded by pulling Ferati's hair. Other players then pulled them apart before the situation escalated.

paragraph: At the end of the 2007–08 and the 2009–10 seasons, Ferati won the national Double twice with Basel and a year later won League Championship title once again.

paragraph: On 1 July 2011, Ferati joined SC Freiburg of the German Bundesliga on a three-year contract. On 1 February 2013, Freiburg loaned out Ferati until the end of the season to the Swiss Challenge League-Club FC Winterthur where his cousin Altin Osmani plays.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Ferati was capped twelve times by the Swiss under-21 team, scoring once. He made his senior debut against Liechtenstein on 10 August 2011 coming on as a second-half substitute in the 63rd minute.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Basel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swiss Super League: 2007–08, 2009–10, 2010–11

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swiss Cup: 2007–08, 2009–10

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uhren Cup: 2008

description: Swiss footballer

wikidata_label: Beg Ferati

wikipedia_title: Beg Ferati


text:
Slovenia
Piolet d'Or
Andrej Štremfelj
Kangchenjunga South
alpine style
Chomolhari
Piolet d'Or
Aleš Česen
Luka Lindič
Chemical Engineering
Lhotse Shar
Cho Oyu
Shisha Pangma
Kang Ri
Talung
Melungtse
Torre Norte del Paine
Gyachung Kang
Spantik
Begguya
Denali
Nilkanth
Nuptse
Kayish
Website of Marko Prezelj
biography and more information

categories: Slovenian mountain climbers,Living people,1965 births

paragraph: Marko Prezelj

paragraph: Marko Prezelj (born 13 October 1965) is a Slovenian mountaineer and photographer.

paragraph: Prezelj received four Piolet d'Or awards. He won the inaugural "Oscar of mountaineering" in 1992 with Andrej Štremfelj for their new route on the south ridge of Kangchenjunga South (8476) in alpine style. The second he received in 2007 with Boris Lorenčič, for the first ascent of Chomolhari's northwest pillar in October 2006. Prezelj rejected his second award because of his concern about the dangers of a competition.

paragraph: In 2014 he received his third Piolet d'Or together with Aleš Česen and Luka Lindič for their first ascent of the north face of Hagshu in the Indian Himalaya.. In 2016 he won his fourth Piolet d'Or.

paragraph: Prezelj has a degree in Chemical Engineering and is a IFMGA/UIAGM mountain guide and climbing instructor. He is married and has two sons.

paragraph: Section::::Ascents (selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 Lhotse Shar Expedition (reached 7300 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 New route on the north face of Cho Oyu

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 Shisha Pangma south face attempt; solo ascent of the Kang Ri (6240 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 Kangchenjunga (8476 m) south ridge new route, first ascent of Boktoh (6142 m), second ascent of Talung (7349 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 First ascent of Melungtse (7181 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 El Capitan, fifth ascent of Wyoming Sheep Ranch

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Torre Norte del Paine in Chile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 New route on Porong Ri East Summit (7284 m) and Yebokangal Ri (7332 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 First ascent of the north wall of the Gyachung Kang (7952 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 Second ascent of the "Golden Pillar" of Spantik

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Begguya and Denali (6193 m)in Alaska - "Light Traveller" on the south face, new route, free climbed in a single push style, and Nilkanth west ridge (6596 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 Nuptse south face attempt

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 North Twin North Face ascent with Steve House and Kapura Peak (6544m), new route and first ascent

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 Kayish new route

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "The Long Run" on Cerro Torre and "Extreme Emotions" on Cerro Standhardt, free on sight ascent of "Cobra Oillar" on Mt. Barille (Alaska) andChomolhari (7326 m) northwest pillar

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 First ascent of K7 West in Karakoram

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 New route on W face of Kangchungtse (7678 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 Baghirathi IV, III and II new routes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Bisotun Wall, Iran, new route

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 Makalu W face attempt (reached 7000 m) and integral ridge traverse of Chago peaks

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website of Marko Prezelj

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Piolet d'Or winner question awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- biography and more information

description: Yugoslavian or Slovenian mountain climber

wikidata_label: Marko Prezelj

wikipedia_title: Marko Prezelj


text: AO

text: OBE

text: Australia

text: Olympic

text: track and field athlete

text: Geelong Guild Athletic Club

text: Athletics Victoria

text: Victorian Amateur Athletic Association

text: Australian Rules Football

text: Rosebud

text: Mornington Peninsula

text: hurdle

text: pentathlete

text: Royal Australian Navy

text: World War II

text: HMAS "Sydney"

text: 1956 Summer Olympics

text: Melbourne

text: 1962 Commonwealth Games

text: Perth

text: 1960 Summer Olympics

text: Rome

text: 1964 Summer Olympics

text: Tokyo

text: Chef de Mission

text: 1968 Summer Olympics

text: Mexico City

text: 1972 Summer Olympics

text: Munich

text: Mayor

text: Olympic village

text: 2000 Summer Olympics

text: Sydney

text: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay

text: Canberra

text: Australian Olympic Committee

text: City of Melbourne

text: Geelong Guild Athletic Club

text: Athletics Victoria

text: Victorian Olympic Council

text: Australian Olympic Committee

text: Archery

text: Fencing

text: Athletics Australia

text: International Olympic Committee

text: Olympic Order

text: Australian Sports Medal

text: Order of the British Empire

text: Order of Australia

text: 1968 Olympics Black Power salute

text: Peter Norman

text: Point Lonsdale, Victoria

text: Geelong

text: Geelong Guild Athletic Club

text: The Olympians' Olympian

categories: Officers of the Order of Australia,1917 births,Australian sports executives and administrators,2009 deaths,Australian Olympic Committee administrators,Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire,Athletics in Australia

paragraph: Julius Patching

paragraph: Julius Lockington "Judy" Patching, AO, OBE (4 January 1917 – 13 February 2009) was an Australian Olympic sports administrator, and businessman.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Patching started his involvement in sport as a track and field athlete in 1932 with the Geelong Guild Athletic Club and Athletics Victoria (formerly the Victorian Amateur Athletic Association). In 1933, he played a year of Australian Rules Football for Rosebud in the Mornington Peninsula Nepean Football League. He was a keen hurdler and pentathlete, making the finals in both 110 and 440 yards hurdles in the 1946 Victorian championships.

paragraph: Patching joined the Royal Australian Navy in 1934 and served for 13 years, including World War II. He knew some of the sailors killed in the loss of HMAS "Sydney".

paragraph: Section::::Sport.

paragraph: Patching's Australian Olympic achievements include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chief starter and member of the Technical Committee at both the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, and the 1962 Commonwealth Games in Perth

paragraph: BULLET::::- Athletics Section Manager at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome

paragraph: BULLET::::- Assistant General Manager at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chef de Mission at both the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City and 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deputy Mayor of the Olympic village at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'runner' (at age 91, the oldest) in the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay, in Canberra, 24 April 2008

paragraph: Patching was also:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Delegate to the International Amateur Athletic Federation from 1960 to 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secretary General of the Australian Olympic Committee from 1973–1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- Superintendent of recreation for the City of Melbourne from 1966 to 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- Past President and Secretary General of the Victorian Olympic Council, and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Founding Secretary General of the Association of Oceania National Olympic Committees (ONOC).

paragraph: Patching has contributed to the Victorian Olympic Council as:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971-1973 Honorary Secretary

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 Executive Member

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975-1985 Chairman

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986-1993 President

paragraph: The VOC's "Julius Lockington Patching Sports Official of the Year Award" was inaugurated in 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: Patching has been honoured with Life Membership of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Geelong Guild Athletic Club

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Victorian Amateur Athletic Association, now Athletics Victoria

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Victorian Olympic Council

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Australian Olympic Committee

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Archery Society of Victoria, and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fencing Australia.

paragraph: Patching has also been awarded:

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Award of Merit from the Australian Athletic Union, now Athletics Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Award of Merit from the Association of National Olympic Committees

paragraph: BULLET::::- the International Olympic Committee's Olympic Order (Silver)

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Australian Sports Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- the first Oceania National Olympic committees (ONOC) Merit Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australia's recipient of the International Olympic Committee's Centenary of Olympic Games Award, and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary Life Patron of the Olympians Club of Victoria, in 2003.

paragraph: Patching's outstanding contribution to sport has also been honoured internationally with his being appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1970 and his being made an Officer of the Order of Australia in 1985.

paragraph: Section::::Peter Norman.

paragraph: Patching was Chef de Mission for Australia during the famous 1968 Olympics Black Power salute. He resisted calls by conservatives in the media to punish Peter Norman, who wore a human rights badge on the dais. He cautioned Norman about the situation, and used the words "They're screaming out for your blood, so consider yourself severely reprimanded. Now, you got any tickets for the hockey today?"

paragraph: Section::::Social life.

paragraph: Patching was a long-time resident of Point Lonsdale, Victoria, where his parents had lived and Patching grew up.

paragraph: One of Patching's last official engagements in Geelong was his attendance at the Geelong Guild Athletic Club's Centenary Dinner in July 2008. Patching spoke at the dinner and along with fellow club Life Member, Mrs Patricia Agg, cut the club's centenary birthday cake.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Olympians' Olympian, Obituary in "The Sydney Morning Herald", Page 16, 23 February 2009.

description: Australian sports administrator

wikidata_label: Julius Patching

wikipedia_title: Julius Patching


text:
Kincoppal Convent
Antonio Dattilo-Rubbo
Norman Lindsay
Edmund Arthur Harvey
watercolor
National Gallery of Australia
Art Gallery of New South Wales
State Library of New South Wales
Howard Hinton
New England Regional Art Museum
Armidale
State Library of NSW
National Museum of Australia
Art Gallery of New South Wales
Douglas Stewart
Randwick
St Ives

categories: Australian women artists,1909 births,1993 deaths

paragraph: Margaret Coen

paragraph: Margaret Coen (4 April 1909 – 27 August 1993) was an Australian artist, known for her watercolours, paintings of flowers, landscapes and still life works. Her paintings and personal papers are held in national collections.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Margaret Agnes Coen was born in Yass, NSW on 4 April 1909. She attended Kincoppal Convent in Elizabeth Bay where she studied drawing with Antonio Dattilo-Rubbo.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After leaving school she attended Dattilo-Rubbo’s city day class for women. After about a year she began studying at the Royal Art Society’s night classes.

paragraph: In 1930 she met artist Norman Lindsay who became her mentor and introduced her to water colours.

paragraph: Coen worked as a commercial artist while continuing to attend art classes in the evenings. Her involvement with Circular Quay’s artistic community led to her meeting the artist Edmund Arthur Harvey and he painted her portrait in 1932.

paragraph: Coen began working with watercolor and in 1934 she exhibited her work with the Australian Watercolor Institute.

paragraph: In 1938 she had her first one person exhibition at the Rubery Bennett Art Gallery. She continued painting and exhibiting until a year or so before her death.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Paintings by Coen are held in public collections at the National Gallery of Australia and the Art Gallery of New South Wales, S.H. Ervin Gallery Collection and a hand painted silk map is in the State Library of New South Wales collection. The largest archive of her work, including paintings originally purchased by Howard Hinton for the Armidale Teachers College, is in the New England Regional Art Museum in Armidale.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Coen's papers are in the manuscript collection at the State Library of NSW. Seventeen watercolour paintbrushes used by Coen from 1970-1993 are in the National Museum of Australia Collection. A smaller collection of her archive is held by the Library and Archive of the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: Coen was made an Honorary Life Member of the Australian Watercolor Institute. She won the Pring Prize in 1968 for "Dry Summer".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Coen married Australian poet Douglas Stewart on 5 December 1945 at the Church of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart in Randwick. They had a daughter, Meg, who was born in 1948. Meg published a biography of her mother. Douglas Stewart mentioned Coen by name in the poem "Table Talk", part of a series of poems published in "Southerly Magazine" under the title "Fragments of Autobiography". Stewart also mentioned Coen’s painting of magnolias in his poem "The Pictures".

paragraph: Coen suffered from Parkinson's disease, and died on 27 August 1993 at St Ives.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Prints + Printmaking, a database listing printmaking artists from Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific region based on the print collection of the National Gallery of Australia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Page 297

paragraph: BULLET::::- Germaine, Max. Artists and Galleries of Australia, Volumes 1 & 2, Third Edition. Craftsman Press, Sydney, 1990. Page 128

paragraph: BULLET::::- Germaine, Max. A Dictionary of Women Artists of Australia. Craftsman House, Sydney, 1991. Page 84*

paragraph: BULLET::::- McCulloch, Alan McCulloch, Susan McCulloch, Emily McCulloch-Childs. The New McCulloch's Encyclopedia of Australian Art. 4th Edition, Aus Art Melbourne & The Miegunyah Press, 2006. Page 330

wikidata_label: Margaret Coen

wikipedia_title: Margaret Coen


text:
Penrose
Cornish
Helston
Loe Pool
National Trust
Conservative
MP
Helston, Cornwall
Mawnan
John Rogers
Porthleven
BA
Masters
called to the bar
Camberwell Grove
Camberwell
Royal Regiment of Artillery
John Opie
Cornwall Quarter Sessions
Deputy Lieutenant of Cornwall
Royal Institution of Cornwall
Sithney

categories: People from Helston,Burials in Cornwall,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall,Deputy Lieutenants of Cornwall,1880 deaths,1816 births

paragraph: John Jope Rogers

paragraph: John Jope Rogers (16 February 1816 – 24 April 1880) was the owner of Penrose, a house and estate near the Cornish town of Helston. The estate included Loe Pool, the largest lake in Cornwall, now owned by the National Trust. He was also an author and Conservative MP for Helston, Cornwall from 1859 to 1865.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Rogers was born, in the vicarage at Mawnan on 16 February 1816, to the Reverend John Rogers (1778–1856) and Mary Jope (died 1837). The eldest of four children, he inherited the estate of Penrose on 12 June 1856, following the death of his father. Part of this estate between Helston and Porthleven, and including Loe Pool, is now owned by the National Trust. Rogers was admitted to Trinity College, Oxford in 1834 and graduated as a BA in 1838. In 1841 he took his Masters and was later called to the bar.

paragraph: He married Maria Hichens (baptised 13 March 1822, died 1911, aged 89), the eldest daughter of William Hitchens, Esq of Camberwell Grove at Camberwell in 1844. The marriage produced seven sons and several daughters, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Margaret Hichens (died 16 January 1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Mary Ellen

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Maria Maude (married Charles Hugh Everard, Assistant Master at Eton, in 1883)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. John Peverell (born 7 November 1846 – 21 August 1928), a captain in the Royal Regiment of Artillery.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Henry (died 26 November 1912, aged 87), an officer in the Royal Navy

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Robert Henry (died 28 November 1881, aged 26, on his voyage home from India)

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Frederick Evelyn (died 17 August 1936, aged 75)

paragraph: Rogers published a biography of the Cornish painter John Opie which included a catalogue of 760 of his pictures. He was also Chairman of the old Cornwall Quarter Sessions, a Deputy Lieutenant of Cornwall, president of the Helston Bank and president of the Royal Institution of Cornwall.

paragraph: He died on 24 April 1880 and was the second person to be buried in the family vault in Sithney churchyard which was dug in 1856, following the death of his father.

wikidata_label: John Jope Rogers

wikipedia_title: John Jope Rogers


text:
John Savage, 2nd Earl Rivers
William Parker, 13th Baron Morley
English Civil War
Royalist
Halton
Rocksavage
Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland
Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby
Richard
Roman Catholic
Popish Plot
Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey
Great Queen Street
St Giles in the Fields
Middlesex
William Stanton
St Michaels Church, Macclesfield

paragraph: Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers

paragraph: Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers ( – 14 September 1694) was an English peer.

paragraph: He was the first son of John Savage, 2nd Earl Rivers by his wife Catherine, daughter of William Parker, 13th Baron Morley. His father was closely involved in the English Civil War on the Royalist side from 1641. Consequently, he lost his castles at Halton and Rocksavage and their contents were confiscated.

paragraph: About 1647, he married firstly Elizabeth (b. 1627), illegitimate daughter of Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland by his mistress Martha Jeanes. Their children included: Thomas, who married Charlotte, daughter of Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby; Richard, who succeeded as 4th Earl Rivers; Elizabeth; and Annabella. They also had other children who died young.

paragraph: He was widely believed to be a Roman Catholic, and during the Popish Plot he was denounced by informers, but the evidence was so flimsy that no charges were ever brought against him.

paragraph: About 1684, he married secondly Arabella, daughter of Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey. They had no issue.

paragraph: He died at his house in Great Queen Street in the Parish of St Giles in the Fields, Middlesex. A memorial to him by William Stanton was installed in St Michaels Church, Macclesfield.

paragraph: Documented evidence exists in the form of a pamphlet which details a murder by a Thomas Savage of St Giles in the Fields. It is likely the Thomas in question is the son of the 3rd Earl Rivers, or a family relation.

description: English Earl

wikidata_label: Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers

wikipedia_title: Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers


text:
Shizuoka
Japan
Japanese
composer
music producer
synthpop
Denki Groove
Anthem
2002 FIFA World Cup
Yasuyuki Okamura
Odyssey Through O2
Maplestory
Takkyu Ishino's Home page

categories: People from Shizuoka, Shizuoka,Video game composers,Japanese male musicians,1967 births,Japanese male composers,Male film score composers,Japanese techno musicians,Japanese composers,Ki/oon Music artists,Musicians from Shizuoka Prefecture,Living people,Anime composers

paragraph: Takkyu Ishino

paragraph: , born December 26, 1967 in Shizuoka, Japan, as is a Japanese composer and music producer. He is a member of the synthpop group Denki Groove.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "anna - letmein letmeout" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stereo Nights" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Takbam" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anthem - 2002 FIFA World Cup Official Anthem" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rising Suns" (2004)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dove Loves Dub" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Berlin Trax" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "throbbing disco cat" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "KaraokeJack" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Album" (2003, with Yasuyuki Okamura)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Title #1" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Title #2 + #3" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Titles" (European edition) (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cruise" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wire 1999-2012" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "LUNATIQUE" (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:DJ mix albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mix Up Vol. 1" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "DJF400" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Box / Live at WOMB Tokyo" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Pack to The Future" (2005)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other involvements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Yer Memory (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odyssey Through O2 (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maplestory (2012)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takkyu Ishino's Home page

description: Japanese musician

wikidata_label: Takkyu Ishino

wikipedia_title: Takkyu Ishino


text:
Greek
Hellenistic
Macedon
de facto
Antipater
Alexander the Great
Diadochi
Alexander IV
Thessalonica
Cassandreia
Thebes
Aristotle
Lyceum
Macedonia
Alexander the Great
Hephaestion
Ptolemy
Lysimachus
Argead dynasty
Alexander the Great's
Babylon
Antipater
Diadochi
Alexander IV
Roxana
Heracles
Olympias
Thebes
Polyperchon
Antigonus
Ptolemy
Lysimachus
Demetrius of Phaleron
Philip III
Pydna
Amphipolis
Argead dynasty
Thessalonica
Heracles
Battle of Ipsus
Antigonus
dropsy
Philip
Alexander
Antipater
Demetrius I
Antigonid dynasty
Antipater Etesias
Therma
Thessalonica
Cassandreia
Potidaea
Oliver Stone
Alexander
Jonathan Rhys Meyers
Diodorus Siculus
Plutarch
Parallel Lives
Demetrius
Phocion
A genealogical tree of Cassander

categories: Ancient Macedonian generals,Ancient Macedonian monarchs,4th-century BC Macedonian monarchs,3rd-century BC Macedonian monarchs,Ancient Thessalonica,Conspirators against Alexander the Great,4th-century BC rulers,4th-century BC Macedonians,3rd-century BC Macedonians,3rd-century BC Greek people,3rd-century BC rulers,350s BC births,Regents of Macedonia (ancient kingdom),Deaths from edema,4th-century BC Greek people,297 BC deaths,Hellenistic generals

paragraph: Cassander

paragraph: Cassander (Greek: Κάσσανδρος Ἀντιπάτρου, "Kassandros Antipatrou"; "son of Antipatros": c. 350 BC – 297 BC) was king of the Hellenistic kingdom of Macedon from 305 BC until 297 BC, and "de facto" ruler of southern Greece from 317 BC until his death.

paragraph: Eldest son of Antipater and a contemporary of Alexander the Great, Cassander was one of the Diadochi who warred over Alexander's empire following the latter's death in 323 BC. Cassander later seized the crown by having Alexander's son and heir Alexander IV murdered. In governing Macedonia from 317 BC until 297 BC, Cassander restored peace and prosperity to the kingdom, while founding or restoring numerous cities (including Thessalonica, Cassandreia, and Thebes); however, his ruthlessness in dealing with political enemies complicates assessments of his rule.

paragraph: Section::::Early history.

paragraph: In his youth, Cassander was taught by the philosopher Aristotle at the Lyceum in Macedonia. He was educated alongside Alexander the Great in a group that included Hephaestion, Ptolemy and Lysimachus. His family were distant collateral relatives to the Argead dynasty.

paragraph: Cassander is first recorded as arriving at Alexander the Great's court in Babylon in 323 BC, where he had been sent by his father, Antipater, most likely to help uphold Antipater's regency in Macedon, although a later contemporary who was hostile to the Antipatrids suggested that Cassander had journeyed to the court to poison the King.

paragraph: Whatever the truth of this suggestion, Cassander stood out amongst the Diadochi in his hostility to Alexander's memory. As Cassander and the other diadochi struggled for power, Alexander IV, Roxana, and Alexander's supposed illegitimate son Heracles were all executed on Cassander's orders, and a guarantee to Olympias to spare her life was not respected. Cassander's decision to restore Thebes, which had been destroyed under Alexander, was perceived at the time to be a snub to the deceased King. It was later even said that he could not pass a statue of Alexander without feeling faint. Cassander has been perceived to be ambitious and unscrupulous, and even members of his own family were estranged from him.

paragraph: Section::::Later history.

paragraph: As Antipater grew close to death in 319 BC, he transferred the regency of Macedon not to Cassander, but to Polyperchon, possibly so as not to alarm the other Diadochi through an apparent move towards dynastic ambition, but perhaps also because of Cassander's own ambitions. Cassander rejected his father's decision, and immediately went to seek the support of Antigonus, Ptolemy and Lysimachus as his allies. Waging war on Polyperchon, Cassander destroyed his fleet, put Athens under the control of Demetrius of Phaleron, and declared himself Regent in 317 BC. After Olympias’ successful move against Philip III later in the year, Cassander besieged her in Pydna. When the city fell two years later, Olympias was killed, and Cassander had Alexander IV and Roxanne confined at Amphipolis.

paragraph: Cassander associated himself with the Argead dynasty by marrying Alexander's half-sister, Thessalonica, and he had Alexander IV and Roxanne poisoned in either 310 BC or the following year. By 309 BC, Polyperchon began to claim that Heracles was the true heir to the Macedonian inheritance, at which point Cassander bribed him to have the boy killed. After this, Cassander's position in Greece and Macedonia was reasonably secure, and he proclaimed himself king in 305 BC. After the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC, in which Antigonus was killed, he was undisputed in his control of Macedonia; however, he had little time to savour the fact, dying of dropsy in 297 BC.

paragraph: Cassander's dynasty did not live much beyond his death, with his son Philip dying of natural causes, and his other sons Alexander and Antipater becoming involved in a destructive dynastic struggle along with their mother. When Alexander was ousted as joint king by his brother, Demetrius I took up Alexander's appeal for aid and ousted Antipater II, killed Alexander V and established the Antigonid dynasty. The remaining Antipatrids, such as Antipater Etesias, were unable to re-establish the Antipatrids on the throne.

paragraph: Of more lasting significance was Cassander's refoundation of Therma into Thessalonica, naming the city after his wife. Cassander also founded Cassandreia upon the ruins of Potidaea.

paragraph: Section::::Cassander as a fictional character.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the Oliver Stone film "Alexander", he is portrayed by Jonathan Rhys Meyers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cassander is a minor character in the novel The Conquerors Wife by Stephanie Thornton New American Library, 2015.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diodorus Siculus, "Bibliotheca" chapters xviii, xix, xx

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green, Peter, "Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age", Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Demetrius", 18, 31; "Phocion", 31

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franca Landucci Gattinoni: L'arte del potere. Vita e opere di Cassandro di Macedonia. Stuttgart 2003.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A genealogical tree of Cassander

wikidata_label: Cassander

wikipedia_title: Cassander