text:
Indonesia
guitarist
songwriter
composer
Gigi
jazz
John McLaughlin
Pat Metheny
Jeff Beck
John Abercrombie
Chick Corea
Weather Report
Tohpati
Balawan
Ridho
Abdee Negara
Vinnie Colaiuta
Peter Erskine
Jimmy Johnson
Antonio Sanchez
Joe Locke
Gary Husband
Jack DeJohnette
Tony Levin
Bob Mintzer
Guthrie Govan
elementary school
Bali
Surabaya
East Java
maestro
electric guitar
Aria
John McLaughlin
Mahavishnu Orchestra
Chick Corea
Yes
Gentle Giant
Kansas
Tangerine Dream
American Garage
Bright Size Life
Pat Metheny
Allan Holdsworth
legend
convention
Den Haag
Moonjune Records
Parker
Gibson
Official site
Gitaris.com
progarchives

categories: Living people,1963 births,Indonesian Hindus,Indonesian songwriters,Indonesian guitarists,Balinese people

paragraph: Dewa Budjana

paragraph: I Dewa Gede Budjana (born August 30, 1963) is an Indonesian guitarist, songwriter and composer. He is the lead guitarist and songwriter of the band Gigi. Budjana’s style changed dramatically to jazz as he got to know John McLaughlin, Pat Metheny, Jeff Beck, John Abercrombie, Chick Corea, and Weather Report. In his early experience, he established a band called "Squirrell" which was popular in the local community. Throughout his musical experience in Indonesia, Dewa Budjana has collaborated with many famous guitarists such as Tohpati, Balawan, Ridho, Abdee Negara, and many more. Besides his collaboration with Indonesian musicians, he has also made collaborations with international musicians such as Vinnie Colaiuta, Peter Erskine, Jimmy Johnson, Antonio Sanchez, Joe Locke, Gary Husband, Jack DeJohnette, Tony Levin, Bob Mintzer and Guthrie Govan . His ability to combine not only jazz and rock but also traditional Balinese style have put him among the top Indonesian guitarists.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Budjana's passion and talent in music, especially guitar, has been very dominant since he was in an elementary school in Klungkung, Bali. Budjana’s first teacher was a construction worker who lived nearby. He stole money from his grandmother to buy his first guitar He prioritised guitar in his life, and started to teach himself by playing rock songs. He became more passionate about music, and was reflected when Budjana moved to Surabaya, East Java, where he took a classical music course, performed with a band and participated in many of music performances. After graduation, he went to Jakarta to pursue a career as professional musician. While there, he came across Jack Lesmana, a jazz maestro and father of jazz musician Indra Lesmana, who taught Budjana the philosophy of jazz.

paragraph: Section::::Music life.

paragraph: Section::::Music life.:Early experience.

paragraph: In 1976, when he was thirteen, Budjana's name started to be seen in the music world in Surabaya. Later, in 1981, he bought a "real" electric guitar (an Aria Pro II) and started to play with many different people. Slowly, his musical style changed from pop rock to jazz, as he started to incorporate influences from John McLaughlin of the Mahavishnu Orchestra, Chick Corea, Yes, Gentle Giant, Kansas, Tangerine Dream, American Garage, Bright Size Life, Pat Metheny and Allan Holdsworth.

paragraph: In 1980, Budjana started Squirrel, his first jazz band, with his schoolmates in Surabaya. Squirrel participated in a number of national music events, including Light Music Contest in 1984 at Teater Terbuka, TIM, Indonesia. Though many contestants participated, it was Budjana and his bandmates who outperformed the competition and won. One year after that, Budjana decided to fly to Jakarta in order to expand his music career. This journey lead him to Jack Lesmana, an Indonesian jazz legend, who introduced him to other professional musicians.

paragraph: Section::::Music life.:Professional career.

paragraph: Although Jack provided Budjana with opportunities in his Indonesian music career, it was Indra who first asked him to become a session musician. A few years later, Budjana joined the band Spirit, which included Baron, Gigi's former guitarist. With Budjana, Spirit released one self-titled album, before Budjana decided to leave the band and joined Java Jazz. He also sat in with many other bands — including the Jimmy Manopo Band, Erwin Gutawa, Elfa's Big Band and Twilite Orchestra — and participated in the North Sea Jazz Festival, a world jazz convention in Den Haag, the Netherlands.

paragraph: His band Gigi was formed in 1994 with Baron (guitar), Thomas (bass), Armand (vocal) and Ronald (drum). Since then, Gigi has released six albums. He has also released his own solo albums: "Nusa Damai"; "Gitarku"; "Samsara"; and "Home", a tribute album to the December 2004 tsunami victims.

paragraph: His fifth and sixth solo albums, "Dawai in Paradise" and "Joged Kahyangan" were released by Moonjune Records in 2013. Dewa said about his music: "I am trying to blend the ethnic heritage roots of my native Bali and my country Indonesia, which is a unique mix of many different cultural and ethnic influences".

paragraph: Section::::Music life.:Museum Gitarku.

paragraph: Dewa Budjana is preparing for a museum dedicated to his painted guitar collections as well as other guitars from top international guitarists, such as Steve Vai, Greg Howe, John McLaughlin, Allan Holdsworth, Guthrie Govan, Jason Becker, Buddy Guy, John Scofield, Steve Morse, and many more. The museum is located in Bali, Indonesia.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Since Dewa Budjana started his professional career as a musician, he has mainly used a Parker Fly Delux as his main guitar, occasionally using Klein and Gibson guitars SG series instead. Budjana also owns a double neck Klein guitar which was used on his album "Home", and pictured on the CD cover.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gigi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angan" (1994) -"Dream"-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dunia" (1995) -"World"-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "3/4" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2 x 2" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kilas Balik" (1998) -"Flash Back"-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baik" (1999) -"Good"-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Greatest Hits Live" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Untuk Semua Umur" (2001) -"Unrated"-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Best Of Gigi" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Salam Kedelapan" (2003) -"The 8th Greeting"-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "OST. Brownies" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raihlah Kemenangan" (2004) -"Seize The Victory"-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raihlah Kemenangan" (repackage) (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Next Chapter" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pintu Surga" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peace, Love 'n Respect" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gigi" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sweet Seventeen" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aku dan Aku" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at Abbey Road" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nusa Damai" (1997) -"Peace Island"-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gitarku" (2000) -"My Guitar"-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Samsara" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Home" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dawai in Paradise" (2011) - "Strings in Paradise"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joged Kahyangan" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Surya Namaskar" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hasta Karma" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zentuary" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mahandini" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gitaris.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- progarchives

description: Indonesian musician

wikidata_label: Dewa Budjana

wikipedia_title: Dewa Budjana


text:
Lord of Coucy
Saint-Acheul
Bishop of Laon
Château-Porcien
Lord of Lorraine
Thomas de Marle
First Crusade
Emicho
Gilbert, Count of Reims and Roucy
Thomas de Marle
Château-Porcien
Godfrey I, Count of Namur

categories: People from Aisne,1040s births,1116 deaths,Christians of the First Crusade,Year of birth uncertain

paragraph: Enguerrand I, Lord of Coucy

paragraph: Enguerrand I ( 1042 – 1116) was the Lord of Coucy from 1086 to 1116.

paragraph: Bishop Rorico of Amiens established canons at Saint-Acheul in 1085.

paragraph: The foundation charter records donations to Saint-Acheul by Count Enguerran of Boves and his vidame Eustache.

paragraph: It was issued in the first year of Enguerran's rule, and praises his restoration of law and order.

paragraph: Enguerrand was a man of many scandals. With the help of the Bishop of Laon he divorced his first wife, Adèle de Marle, for adultery. When he married his next wife, Sibyl of Château-Porcien, she was still married to Godfrey of Namur, the Lord of Lorraine who was absent and in a war. Enguerrand and Sybil's first husband became bitter enemies and continued to fight a private war.

paragraph: Adèle's son Thomas de Marle hated his father and joined the enemies against his father. Nevertheless, when in 1095 the First Crusade started, both he and his son joined in the adventure as part of the army of Emicho. Thomas succeeded Enguerrand upon his death.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Enguerrand was the son of Drogo, Lord of Boves.

paragraph: Enguerrand married Adèle (Ada) de Marle, the divorced wife of Aubry, Viscount of Coucy, and daughter of Letard de Roucy, Lord of Marle. Letard was, in turn, the son of Gilbert, Count of Reims and Roucy. Enguerrand and Ada had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas de Marle (1078–1130/31). Lord of Coucy and Marle, Count of Amiens.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrix de Boves (−1144). Married Adam Châtelain d´Amiens.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert de Coucy.

paragraph: Enguerrand is said to have kidnapped Sibyl of Château-Porcien, the wife of Godfrey I, Count of Namur. With the kidnapped Sibyl pregnant with Enguerrand's child, he later married her and they had a daughter, Agnès de Coucy.

description: Enguerrand I, Lord of Coucy

wikidata_label: Enguerrand I, Lord of Coucy

wikipedia_title: Enguerrand I, Lord of Coucy


text:
German
ice hockey
goaltender
Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers
DEL
2015–16
Arizona Coyotes
National Hockey League
Deutsche Eishockey Liga
Nürnberg Ice Tigers
Hamburg Freezers
EHC München
2014–15
Arizona Coyotes
Springfield Falcons
2015–16
KooKoo
Liiga
Krefeld Pinguine
Germany
2018 IIHF World Championship

categories: Hamburg Freezers players,1991 births,German expatriate sportspeople in the United States,German expatriate sportspeople in Finland,SC Riessersee players,Springfield Falcons players,Undrafted National Hockey League players,Arizona Coyotes players,EHC München players,Sportspeople from Nuremberg,ETC Crimmitschau players,Krefeld Pinguine players,German ice hockey players,KooKoo players,Living people,Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers players

paragraph: Niklas Treutle

paragraph: Niklas Treutle (born 29 April 1991) is a German professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers in the German top-flight DEL. In the 2015–16 season, he played within the Arizona Coyotes organization of the National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Undrafted, Treutle formerly played in his native country in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) with the Nürnberg Ice Tigers, Hamburg Freezers and EHC München.

paragraph: After a career best 2014–15 season in the DEL with München, Treutle attracted the attention of the NHL and was signed to a one-year entry-level contract with the Arizona Coyotes on 30 July 2015. He made two NHL appearances for the Coyotes and mostly played for their AHL affiliate Springfield Falcons during his single year in North America.

paragraph: Following the conclusion of the 2015–16 campaign, Treutle moved back to Europe and joined KooKoo of the Finnish top-flight Liiga on a try-out contract. He saw the ice in four Liiga contests at the beginning of the 2016–17 season, before returning to his native Germany in October 2016, where he signed with DEL outfit Krefeld Pinguine.

paragraph: In April 2017, Treutle signed to return to his hometown team Nürnberg Ice Tigers.

paragraph: Section::::International play.

paragraph: Treutle represented Germany at the 2018 IIHF World Championship in Denmark.

description: German ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Niklas Treutle

wikipedia_title: Niklas Treutle


text: Macedonian

text: bibliophile

text: Republic of Macedonia

text: Demir Hisar

text: Ramkovski Foundation

text: “Krste Petkov Misirkov”

categories: Living people,1950 births,People from Demir Hisar Municipality

paragraph: Stevo Stepanovski

paragraph: Stevo Stepanovski () (born 17 July 1950) is a Macedonian bibliophile and owner of the largest private library in the Republic of Macedonia situated in Babino, Demir Hisar. Ramkovski Foundation in September 2010 granted him the “Krste Petkov Misirkov” Work-Life Award.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Nagradata 'Krste Petkov Misirkov' za zivotno delo na Stevo Stepanovski”

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Sveceno otkriena plocata so logoto na Fondacijata 'Ramkovski'”

description: Macedonian bibliophile

wikidata_label: Stevo Stepanovski

wikipedia_title: Stevo Stepanovski


text:
Haarlem
Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet
Jan van Nickelen
Haarlem Guild of St. Luke
Isaak van Nickelen
Artnet

categories: 1703 deaths,1632 births,Artists from Haarlem,Dutch male painters,Dutch Golden Age painters

paragraph: Isaak van Nickelen

paragraph: Isaak van Nickelen (1632–1703) was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Van Nickelen was born and died in Haarlem. According to Houbraken he painted church interiors in the manner of Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet.

paragraph: Houbraken mentioned him in relation to his son, the landscape painter Jan van Nickelen.

paragraph: According to the RKD in 1660 he became master of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke and was successful with his paintings of church interiors, but he lived to a great age and went bankrupt near the end of his life in 1698.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isaak van Nickelen on Artnet

alias:
Isaac van Nickele
Isack van Nikkelen
Isaak Nikkelen
Isaak Van Nickle
Isaak Nickelen
Isaak Van Nikkelen
Isaak Nickele
Isaak Jansz. van Nickele
Isaak van Nickele
Isaak van Nikkelen
I. v. Nickels
Isaac Von Nichola
Van Nicola
Isaac Van Nichols
Nickle
isaac van nikkelen
van Nickele
Van Neckkeln
Isaak von Nickelle
izaak van nikkelen
Isaak Van Nickelen
isaak van nickele
Van Nickelen
Isaac van Nichele
I. van Nickelen
Is. Van Nickele

description: painter from the Northern Netherlands

wikidata_label: Isaak van Nickelen

wikipedia_title: Isaak van Nickelen


text:
German
rocket
World War I
German army
Danzig
Junkers
Verein für Raumschiffahrt
Dessau
Königsberg
JATO
Winkler crater

categories: People of the German Empire,1947 deaths,German rocket scientists,1897 births,People from Namysłów County,People of the Weimar Republic,German people of World War II,German aerospace engineers

paragraph: Johannes Winkler

paragraph: Johannes Winkler (May 29, 1897 – December 27, 1947) was a German rocket pioneer who founded the first German rocket society and launched the first successful liquid-fuelled rocket in Europe.

paragraph: In 1915 during World War I, he joined the German army and was wounded in action the following year, leading to a lengthy hospitalisation. After his recovery, he studied as a machinist at the Danzig technical college and found a job at Junkers.

paragraph: On July 5, 1927, he was one of the founders the "Verein für Raumschiffahrt" (VfR - "Spaceflight Society"). He also was the society's first president and editor of the VfR's "Die Rakete"' journal.

paragraph: On March 14, 1931 at 4:45pm, he launched the Hückel-Winkler I (HW-I) at the Gross Kühnau drill field near Dessau. According to his account, it was planned to reach an altitude of 500 meters, but it turned and flew horizontally, landing 200 meters from the pad. The maximum altitude of the rocket was not recorded. It was powered by liquid oxygen and liquid methane.

paragraph: Eighteen months after the HW-I flight, Winkler launched the HW-II on October 6, 1932 in a public demonstration, which included invited officials from the Königsberg council. Unfortunately, the rocket exploded within seconds of ignition because of a faulty fuel valve.

paragraph: Winkler designed a number of other rockets and JATO units for Junkers and then a government aviation research institute, but none left the drawing board.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: The Winkler crater, a small impact crater on the far side of the Moon, is named after Johannes Winkler.

description: German aerospace engineer

wikidata_label: Johannes Winkler

wikipedia_title: Johannes Winkler


text: English

text: Norman

text: medieval

text: John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel

text: Isabella Mortimer

text: Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Wigmore

text: Maud de Braose

text: John Fitzalan, 6th Earl of Arundel

text: Clun

text: Oswestry

text: Welsh Marches

text: Earl of Arundel

text: Edward I of England

text: Welsh

text: castle

text: Castell y Bere

text: Towyn

text: Madog ap Llywelyn

text: Gascony

text: Alice of Saluzzo

text: Thomas I of Saluzzo

text: Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel

text: Alice FitzAlan

text: Stephen de Segrave, 3rd Lord Segrave

text: Margaret FitzAlan

text: Eleanor FitzAlan

text: Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy

text: Haughmond Abbey

categories: 1300s deaths,Anglo-Normans,Earls of Arundel,1260s births,Norman warriors,FitzAlan family

paragraph: Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel

paragraph: Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel (3 February 1266/79 March 1301/2) was an English Norman medieval nobleman.

paragraph: Section::::Lineage.

paragraph: He was the son of John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel and Isabella Mortimer, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Wigmore and Maud de Braose. His paternal grandparents were John Fitzalan, 6th Earl of Arundel and Maud le Botiller.

paragraph: Richard was feudal Lord of Clun and Oswestry in the Welsh Marches. After attaining his majority in 1289 he became the 8th Earl of Arundel, by being summoned to Parliament by a writ directed specifically to the "Earl of Arundel".

paragraph: He was knighted by King Edward I of England in 1289.

paragraph: Section::::Fought in Wales, Gascony & Scotland.

paragraph: He fought in the Welsh wars, 1288 to 1294, when the Welsh castle of Castell y Bere (near modern-day Towyn) was besieged by Madog ap Llywelyn. He commanded the force sent to relieve the siege and he also took part in many other campaigns in Wales ; also in Gascony 1295-97; and furthermore in the Scottish wars, 1298-1300.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage & Issue.

paragraph: He married sometime before 1285, Alice of Saluzzo (also known as Alesia di Saluzzo), daughter of Thomas I of Saluzzo in Italy.

paragraph: Their issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. John, a priest.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Alice FitzAlan, married Stephen de Segrave, 3rd Lord Segrave.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Margaret FitzAlan, married William le Botiller (or Butler).

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Eleanor FitzAlan, married Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy.

paragraph: Section::::Burial.

paragraph: Richard and his mother are buried together in the sanctuary of Haughmond Abbey, long closely associated with the FitzAlan family.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medieval Lands Project on Richard FitzAlan

description: English Norman medieval nobleman

wikidata_label: Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel

wikipedia_title: Richard Fitzalan, 1st Earl of Arundel

wikipedia_title: Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel


text:
rhetoric
philosopher
Antonines
Commodus
Second Sophistic
Platonist
Eclectic
Neoplatonism
theological
ethical
God
daemons
Stoic
Claudius Maximus
Marcus Aurelius
"The Dissertations of Maximus Tyrius"

categories: Middle Platonists,Roman-era philosophers,Ancient Greek rhetoricians,2nd-century Romans,Roman-era Athenian rhetoricians,People from Tyre, Lebanon,Year of birth unknown,2nd-century philosophers,Year of death unknown,Roman-era philosophers in Athens

paragraph: Maximus of Tyre

paragraph: Maximus of Tyre (; fl. late 2nd century AD), also known as Cassius Maximus Tyrius, was a Greek rhetorician and philosopher who lived in the time of the Antonines and Commodus, and who belongs to the trend of the Second Sophistic. His writings contain many allusions to the history of Greece, while there is little reference to Rome; hence it is inferred that he lived longer in Greece, perhaps as a professor at Athens. Although nominally a Platonist, he is really an Eclectic and one of the precursors of Neoplatonism.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.:The Dissertations.

paragraph: There exist 41 essays or discourses on theological, ethical, and other philosophical subjects, collected into a work called The Dissertations. The central theme is God as the supreme being, one and indivisible though called by many names, accessible to reason alone:

paragraph: In such a mighty contest, sedition and discord, you will see one according law and assertion in all the earth, that there is one god, the king and father of all things, and many gods, sons of god, ruling together with him.

paragraph: As animals form the intermediate stage between plants and human beings, so there exist intermediaries between God and man, "viz." daemons, who dwell on the confines of heaven and earth. The soul in many ways bears a great resemblance to the divinity; it is partly mortal, partly immortal, and, when freed from the fetters of the body, becomes a daemon. Life is the sleep of the soul, from which it awakes at death. The style of Maximus is superior to that of the ordinary sophistical rhetorician, but scholars differ widely as to the merits of the essays themselves.

paragraph: Dissertation XX discusses "Whether the Life of a Cynic is to Be Preferred". He begins with a narrative of how Prometheus created mankind, who initially lived a life of ease “for the earth supplied them with aliment, rich meadows, long-haired mountains, and abundance of fruits” - in other words, a Garden of Eden that resonates with Cynic ideas. It was “a life without war, without iron, without a guard, peaceful, healthful unindigent”.

paragraph: Then, taking perhaps from Lucretius, he contrasts that Garden to mankind's "second life", which started with the division of the earth into property, which they then enclosed into fortifications and walls, and started to wear jewellery and gold, built houses, “molested the earth by digging into it for metals”, and invaded the sea and the air (killing animals, fish and birds), in what he described as a “slaughter and all-various gore, pursuing gratification of the body”. Humans became unhappy and, to compensate, sought wealth, “fearing poverty...dreading death...neglecting the care of life...They blamed base actions but did not abstain from them and “the hated to live, but dreaded to die”.

paragraph: He then contrasts the two lives – that of the original Garden and of the “second life” he has just described and asks, which man would not choose the first, who “knows that by the change he shall be liberated from a multitude of evils” and what he calls “a dreadful prison of unhappy men, confined to a dreadful prison of unhappy men, confined in a dark recess, with large iron fetters round their feet, a great weight about their neck…passing their time in filth, in torment, and in weeping”. He asks, “Which of these images shall we proclaim blessed”?

paragraph: He goes on to praise Diogenes of Sinopeus, the Cynic, for choosing his ascetic life, but only because he avoided the often fearful fates of other philosophers – such as Socrates being condemned. But there is no mention of he himself taking up the ascetic life himself; rather he only talks about how the Garden would be preferable to the life mankind has made for itself. So it is unlikely he was a Cynic, but was just envious of that idealised pre-civilisation Life in the Garden.

paragraph: Maximus of Tyre must be distinguished from the Stoic Claudius Maximus, tutor of Marcus Aurelius.

paragraph: Section::::Translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, Thomas, "The Dissertations of Maximus Tyrius". C. Wittingham (1804)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trapp, Michael. "Maximus of Tyre: The Philosophical Orations". Clarendon Press (1997)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- F. Fauquier/B. Pérez-Jean (sous la dir.), "Maxime de Tyr, entre rhétorique et philosophie au II siècle de notre ère", Montpellier, Presses Universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. Daouti, "Homère et Platon chez Maxime de Tyr," Thèse, Université Paul Valéry – Montpellier III et Université Capodistria d' Athènes, Montpellier, 2015, http://www.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2015MON30042.

description: ancient Greek philosopher

wikidata_label: Maximus of Tyre

wikipedia_title: Maximus of Tyre


text: modernist

text: Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands

text: Mestiço

text: syncretism

text: Brazilian Academy of Letters

text: Itabuna

text: Bahia

text: Ilhéus

text: cocoa

text: The Violent Land

text: Salvador

text: lawyer

text: writer

text: journalist

text: politician

text: actress

text: screenwriter

text: Véra Clouzot

text: The Country of Carnival

text: Cacau

text: leftist

text: Getúlio Vargas

text: Jubiabá

text: Nobel Prize

text: Albert Camus

text: Nazi

text: Argentina

text: Uruguay

text: Brazilian Communist Party

text: São Paulo

text: Zélia Gattai

text: Czechoslovakia

text: Soviet Union

text: Stalin Peace Prize

text: Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon

text: Jean-Paul Sartre

text: Ilhéus

text: Brazilian Academy of Letters

text: Pen, Sword, Camisole

text: Israel

text: Candomblé

text: André Malraux

text: Légion d’Honneur

text: François Mitterrand

text: samba

text: Brazilian Carnival

text: Bahia

text: Pelourinho

text: Legislative Assembly of Bahia

text: The Country of Carnival

text: Cacau

text: Sweat

text: Jubiabá

text: Sea of Death

text: Captains of the Sands

text: The ABC of Castro Alves

text: The Knight of Hope

text: The Violent Land

text: The Golden Harvest

text: Bahia de Todos-os-santos

text: Red Field

text: The Bowels of Liberty

text: Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon

text: The Double Death of Quincas Water-Bray

text: Home Is the Sailor

text: Shepherds of the Night

text: Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands

text: Tent of Miracles

text: Tieta

text: Pen, Sword, Camisole

text: Showdown

text: The War of the Saints

text: Coasting

text: The Discovery of America by the Turks

text: Jorge Amado's Biography

text: Jorge Amado's Ilhéus

text: Extensive Info and New Editions

text: Jorge Amado

categories: People from Bahia,Prix mondial Cino Del Duca winners,Members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters,Jorge Amado,Communist writers,Modernist writers,Male novelists,Brazilian male writers,Stalin Peace Prize recipients,Brazilian people of Portuguese descent,1912 births,Brazilian socialists,Brazilian expatriates in Czechoslovakia,Brazilian dramatists and playwrights,Brazilian novelists,Brazilian communists,Brazilian science fiction writers,Camões Prize winners,Male dramatists and playwrights,2001 deaths

paragraph: Jorge Amado

paragraph: Jorge Leal Amado de Faria (, 10 August 1912 – 6 August 2001) was a Brazilian writer of the modernist school. He remains the best known of modern Brazilian writers, with his work having been translated into some 49 languages and popularized in film, notably "Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands" in 1978. His work reflects the image of a Mestiço Brazil and is marked by religious syncretism. He depicted a cheerful and optimistic country that was beset, at the same time, with deep social and economic differences.

paragraph: He occupied the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1961 until his death in 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Amado was born on a farm near the inland city of Itabuna, in the south of the Brazilian state of Bahia. He was the eldest of four sons of João Amado de Faria and D. Eulália Leal. The farm was located in the village of Ferradas, which, though today is a district of Itabuna, was at the time administered by the coastal city of Ilhéus. For this reason he considered himself a citizen of Ilhéus. From his exposure to the large cocoa plantations of the area, Amado knew the misery and the struggles of the people working the land and living in almost slave conditions. This was to be a theme present in several of his works (for example, "The Violent Land" of 1944).

paragraph: As a result of a smallpox epidemic, his family moved to Ilhéus when he was one year old, and he spent his childhood there. He attended high school in Salvador, the capital of the state. By the age of 14 Amado had begun to collaborate with several magazines and took part in literary life, as one of the founders of the Modernist "Rebels' Academy".

paragraph: He was the cousin of Brazilian lawyer, writer, journalist and politician , and of Brazilian actress and screenwriter Véra Clouzot.

paragraph: Amado published his first novel, "The Country of Carnival", in 1931, at age 18. He married Matilde Garcia Rosa and had a daughter, Lila, in 1933. The same year he published his second novel, "Cacau", which increased his popularity. He studied law at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Faculty of Law but never became a practising lawyer. His leftist activities made his life difficult under the dictatorial regime of Getúlio Vargas. In 1935 he was arrested for the first time, and two years later his books were publicly burned. His works were banned from Portugal, but in the rest of Europe he gained great popularity with the publication of "Jubiabá" in France. The book had enthusiastic reviews, including that of Nobel Prize Award winner Albert Camus.

paragraph: In the early 1940s, Amado edited a literary supplement for the Nazi-funded political newspaper "Meio-Dia". Being a communist militant, from 1941 to 1942 Amado was compelled to go into exile to Argentina and Uruguay. When he returned to Brazil he separated from Matilde Garcia Rosa. In 1945 he was elected to the National Constituent Assembly, as a representative of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) (he received more votes than any other candidate in the state of São Paulo). He signed a law granting freedom of religious faith.

paragraph: He remarried in 1945, to the writer Zélia Gattai. In 1947 they had a son, João Jorge. The same year his party was declared illegal, and its members arrested and persecuted. Amado chose exile once again, this time in France, where he remained until he was expelled in 1950. His daughter from his first marriage, Lila, died in 1949. From 1950 to 1952 Amado and Gattai lived in Czechoslovakia, where another daughter, Paloma, was born. He also travelled to the Soviet Union, winning the Stalin Peace Prize in 1951. Recently released documents show that in this period he was investigated by CIA.

paragraph: On his return to Brazil in 1954, Amado abandoned active political life, leaving the Communist Party one year later. From that period on he dedicated himself solely to literature. His second creative phase began in 1958 with "Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon", which was described by Jean-Paul Sartre as "the best example of a folk novel". Amado abandoned, in part, the realism and the social themes of his early works, producing a series of novels focusing mainly on feminine characters, devoted to a kind of smiling celebration of the traditions and the beauties of Bahia. In addition to "Gabriela" these novels included "Tereza Batista: Home from the Wars" and "Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands". His depiction of the sexual customs of his land was scandalous to much of 1950s Brazilian society and for several years Amado could not even enter Ilhéus, where "Gabriela" was set, due to threats received for the alleged offense to the morality of the city's women. Besides the turning point, the Soviet Union kept publishing Amado's works shortly after their release in Portuguese.

paragraph: On 6 April 1961, he was elected to the Brazilian Academy of Letters. On his death his wife was elected to replace him. Amado made the Academy the setting for one of his novels, Pen, Sword, Camisole. He received the title of Doctor "honoris causa" from several universities in Brazil, Portugal, Italy, Israel and France, as well as other honors in almost every South American country, including "Obá de Xangô" (santoon) of the Candomblé, the traditional Afro-Brazilian religion of Bahia. He was finally removed from the French Government blacklist in 1965 following the intervention of the then Minister of Culture, André Malraux. In 1984 he was awarded the French Légion d’Honneur by President François Mitterrand.

paragraph: Amado's popularity as a writer has never declined. His books have been translated into 49 languages in 55 countries, and adapted into films, theatrical works and TV programs. They even inspired some samba schools of the Brazilian Carnival.

paragraph: In 1987, the "House of Jorge Amado Foundation" was created, in Salvador. It promotes the protection of Amado's estate and the development of culture in Bahia. The recently renovated building on the Pelourinho in Salvador contains a small museum and wall panels with the covers of international editions of his books.

paragraph: Amado died on 6 August 2001. His ashes were spread in the garden of his house four days later.

paragraph: In December 4, 2014 he received (posthumously) from the Legislative Assembly of Bahia appointment as Commander of Meritorious Citizen of the Freedom and Social Justice João Mangabeira (CBJM), due to his work in defense of social rights, the State's highest honor.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Selected works include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Country of Carnival" ("O País do Carnaval", 1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cacau" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sweat" ("Suor", 1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jubiabá" (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sea of Death" ("Mar Morto", 1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Captains of the Sands" ("Capitães da Areia", 1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The ABC of Castro Alves" ("ABC de Castro Alves", 1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Knight of Hope" ("Vida de Luis Carlos Prestes" or "O Cavaleiro da Esperança", 1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Violent Land" ("Terras do Sem Fim", 1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden Harvest" ("São Jorge dos Ilhéus", 1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bahia de Todos-os-santos" (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Red Field" ("Seara Vermelha", 1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bowels of Liberty" trilogy ("Os Subterrâneos da Liberdade", 1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon" ("Gabriela, Cravo e Canela", 1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Double Death of Quincas Water-Bray" ("A Morte e a Morte de Quincas Berro D'agua", 1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Home Is the Sailor" ("Os Velhos Marinheiros ou o Capitão de Longo Curso", 1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ogum's Compadre" ("O compadre de Ogum", 1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shepherds of the Night" ("Os Pastores da Noite", 1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands" ("Dona Flor e Seus Dois Maridos", 1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tent of Miracles" ("Tenda dos Milagres", 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" ("Teresa Batista Cansada da Guerra", 1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Swallow and the Tomcat: A Love Story" ("O Gato Malhado e a Andorinha Sinhá: uma história de amor", 1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tieta" ("Tieta do Agreste", 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pen, Sword, Camisole ("Farda Fardão Camisola de Dormir", 1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Showdown" ("Tocaia Grande", 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The War of the Saints" ("O Sumiço da Santa", 1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coasting" ("Navegação de Cabotagem", 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Discovery of America by the Turks" ("A Descoberta da América pelos Turcos", 1994)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jorge Amado's Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jorge Amado's Ilhéus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Extensive Info and New Editions

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jorge Amado recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division's audio literary archive on August 8, 1977.

description: Brazilian writer

wikidata_label: Jorge Amado

wikipedia_title: Jorge Amado


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paragraph: Grace Jones

paragraph: Grace Beverly Jones OJ (born 19 May 1948) is a Jamaican-American model, singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Born in Jamaica, she moved when she was 13, along with her siblings, to live with her parents in Syracuse, New York. Jones began her modelling career in New York state, then in Paris, working for fashion houses such as Yves St. Laurent and Kenzo, and appearing on the covers of "Elle" and "Vogue". She worked with photographers such as Jean-Paul Goude, Helmut Newton, Guy Bourdin, and Hans Feurer, and became known for her distinctive androgynous appearance and bold features.

paragraph: Beginning in 1977, Jones embarked on a music career, securing a record deal with Island Records and initially becoming a star of New York City's Studio 54-centered disco scene. In the early 1980s, she moved toward a new wave style that drew on reggae, funk, post-punk and pop music, frequently collaborating with both the graphic designer Jean-Paul Goude and the musical duo Sly & Robbie. Her most popular albums include "Warm Leatherette" (1980), "Nightclubbing" (1981), and "Slave to the Rhythm" (1985). She scored Top 40 entries on the UK Singles Chart with "Pull Up to the Bumper", "I've Seen That Face Before", "Private Life", and "Slave to the Rhythm". In 1982, she released the music video collection "A One Man Show", directed by Goude.

paragraph: Jones appeared in some low-budget films in the US during the 1970s and early 1980s. In 1984, she made her first mainstream appearance as Zula in the fantasy-action film "Conan the Destroyer" alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sarah Douglas, and subsequently appeared in the 1985 James Bond movie "A View to a Kill" as May Day. In 1986, she played a vampire in "Vamp", and acted in and contributed a song to the 1992 Eddie Murphy film "Boomerang". She appeared alongside Tim Curry in the 2001 film "Wolf Girl". For her work in "Conan the Destroyer", "A View to a Kill", and "Vamp", she was nominated for Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actress.

paragraph: In 1999, Jones ranked 82nd on VH1's "100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll", and in 2008, she was honored with a Q Idol Award. Jones influenced the cross-dressing movement of the 1980s and has been an inspiration for artists including Annie Lennox, Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Solange, Lorde, Róisín Murphy, Brazilian Girls, Nile Rodgers, Santigold, and Basement Jaxx. In 2016, "Billboard" magazine ranked her as the 40th greatest dance club artist of all time.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.:1948–73: Early life, and modeling career.

paragraph: Grace Jones was born in 1948 (though most sources say 1952) in Spanish Town, Jamaica, the daughter of Marjorie (née Williams) and Robert W. Jones, who was a local politician and Apostolic clergyman. The couple already had two children, and would go on to have four more. Robert and Marjorie moved to the East Coast of the United States, where Robert worked as an agricultural labourer until a spiritual experience during a suicide attempt inspired him to become a Pentecostal minister. While they were in the US, they left their children with Marjorie's mother and her new husband, Peart. Jones knew him as "Mas P" ('Master P') and later noted that she "absolutely hated him"; as a strict disciplinarian he regularly beat the children in his care, representing what Jones described as "serious abuse". She was raised into the family's Pentecostal faith, having to take part in prayer meetings and Bible readings every night. She initially attended the Pentecostal All Saints School, before being sent to a nearby public school.

paragraph: As a child, shy Jones had only one schoolfriend and was teased by classmates for her "skinny frame", but she excelled at sports and found solace in the nature of Jamaica.

paragraph: Marjorie and Robert eventually brought their children – including the 13 year old Grace – to live with them in the US, where they had settled in Lyncourt, Salina, New York, near Syracuse. It was in the city that her father had established his own ministry, the Apostolic Church of Jesus Christ, in 1956. Jones continued her schooling and after she graduated, enrolled at Onondaga Community College majoring in Spanish. Jones began to rebel against her parents and their religion; she began wearing makeup, drinking alcohol, and visiting gay clubs with her brother. At college, she also took a theatre class, with her drama teacher convincing her to join him on a summer stock tour in Philadelphia. Arriving in the city, she decided to stay there, immersing herself in the Counterculture of the 1960s by living in hippie communes, earning money as a go-go dancer, and using LSD and other drugs. She later praised the use of LSD as "a very important part of my emotional growth... The mental exercise was good for me".

paragraph: She moved back to New York at 18 and signed on as a model with Wilhelmina Modelling agency. She moved to Paris in 1970. The Parisian fashion scene was receptive to Jones' unusual, androgynous, bold, dark-skinned appearance. Yves St. Laurent, Claude Montana, and Kenzo Takada hired her for runway modelling, and she appeared on the covers of "Elle", "Vogue", and "Stern" working with Helmut Newton, Guy Bourdin, and Hans Feurer. Jones also modelled for Azzedine Alaia, and was frequently photographed promoting his line. While modelling in Paris, she shared an apartment with Jerry Hall and Jessica Lange. Hall and Jones frequented Le Sept, one of Paris's most popular gay clubs of the 1970s and '80s, and socialised with Giorgio Armani and Karl Lagerfeld. In 1973, Jones appeared on the cover of a reissue of Billy Paul's 1970 album "Ebony Woman".

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.:1974–79: Transition to music, and early releases.

paragraph: Jones was signed by Island Records, who put her in the studio with disco record producer, Tom Moulton. Moulton worked at Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia, and "Portfolio", was released in 1977. The album featured three songs from Broadway musicals, "Send in the Clowns" by Stephen Sondheim from "A Little Night Music", "What I Did for Love" from "A Chorus Line" and "Tomorrow" from "Annie". The second side of the album opens up with a seven-minute reinterpretation of Édith Piaf's "La Vie en rose" followed by three new recordings, two of which were co-written by Jones, "Sorry", and "That's the Trouble". The album finished with "I Need a Man", Jones' first club hit. The artwork to the album was designed by Richard Bernstein, an artist for "Interview".

paragraph: In 1978, Jones and Moulton made "Fame", an immediate follow-up to "Portfolio", also recorded at Sigma Sound Studios. The album featured another reinterpretation of a French classic, "Autumn Leaves" by Jacques Prévert. The Canadian edition of the vinyl album included another French language track, "Comme un oiseau qui s'envole", which replaced "All on a Summers Night"; in most locations this song served as the B-side of the single "Do or Die". In the North American club scene, "Fame" was a hit album and the "Do or Die"/"Pride"/"Fame" side reached top 10 on both the US Hot Dance Club Play and Canadian Dance/Urban charts. The album was released on compact disc in the early 1990s, but soon went out of print. In 2011, it was released and remastered by Gold Legion, a record company that specialises in reissuing classic disco albums on CD. Jones' live shows were highly sexualized and flamboyant, leading her to be called "Queen of the Gay Discos."

paragraph: "Muse" was the last of Jones' disco albums. The album features a re-recorded version "I'll Find My Way to You", which Jones released three years prior to "Muse". Originally appearing in the 1976 Italian film, "Colt 38 Special Squad" in which Jones had a role as a club singer, Jones also recorded a song called "Again and Again" that was featured in the film. Both songs were produced by composer Stelvio Cipriani. Icelandic keyboardist Thor Baldursson arranged most of the album and also sang duet with Jones on the track "Suffer". Like the last two albums, the cover art is by Richard Bernstein. Like "Fame", "Muse" was later released by Gold Legion.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.:1980–85: Breakthrough, "Nightclubbing", and acting.

paragraph: With anti-disco sentiment spreading, and with the aid of the Compass Point All Stars, Jones transitioned into new wave music with the 1980 release of "Warm Leatherette". The album included covers of songs by The Normal ("Warm Leatherette"), The Pretenders ("Private Life"), Roxy Music ("Love Is the Drug"), Smokey Robinson ("The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game"), Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers ("Breakdown") and Jacques Higelin ("Pars"). Sly Dunbar revealed that the title track was also the first to be recorded with Jones. Tom Petty wrote the lyrics to "Breakdown", and he also wrote the third verse of Jones' reinterpretation. The album included one song co-written by Jones, "A Rolling Stone". Originally, "Pull Up to the Bumper" was to be included on the album, but its R&B sound did not fit with the rest of the material. By 1981, she had begun collaborating with photographer and graphic designer Jean-Paul Goude, with whom she also had a relationship. An extended version of "Private Life" was released as a single, with a cover of the Joy Division song "She's Lost Control", a non-album track, as the B-side.

paragraph: The 1981 release of "Nightclubbing" included Jones' covers of songs by Flash and the Pan ("Walking in the Rain"), Bill Withers ("Use Me"), Iggy Pop/David Bowie ("Nightclubbing") and Ástor Piazzolla ("I've Seen That Face Before"). Three songs were co-written by Jones: "Feel Up", "Art Groupie" and "Pull Up to the Bumper". Sting wrote "Demolition Man"; he later recorded it with The Police on the album "Ghost in the Machine". "I've Done It Again" was written by Marianne Faithfull. The strong rhythm featured on "Nightclubbing" was produced by Compass Point All Stars, including Sly and Robbie, Wally Badarou, Mikey Chung, Uziah "Sticky" Thompson and Barry Reynolds. The album entered in the Top 5 in four countries, and became Jones' highest-ranking record on the US Billboard mainstream albums and R&B charts.

paragraph: "Nightclubbing" claimed the number 1 slot on "NME"s Album of the Year list. "Slant Magazine" listed the album at No. 40 on its list of Best Albums of the 1980s. "Nightclubbing" is now widely considered Jones' best studio album. The album's cover art is a painting of Jones by Jean-Paul Goude. Jones is presented as a man wearing an Armani suit jacket, with a cigarette in her mouth and a flattop haircut. While promoting the album, Jones slapped chat-show host Russell Harty live on air after he had turned to interview other guests, making Jones feel she was being ignored.

paragraph: Having already recorded two reggae-oriented albums under the production of Compass Point All Stars, Jones went to Nassau, Bahamas in 1982 and recorded "Living My Life"; the album resulted in Jones' final contribution to the Compass Point trilogy, with only one cover, Melvin Van Peebles's "The Apple Stretching". The rest were original songs; "Nipple to the Bottle" was co-written with Sly Dunbar, and, apart from "My Jamaican Guy", the other tracks were collaborations with Barry Reynolds. Despite receiving a limited single release, the title track was left off the album. Further session outtakes included "Man Around the House" (Jones, Reynolds) and a cover of "Ring of Fire", written by June Carter Cash and Merle Kilgore and popularized by Johnny Cash, both of which were included on the 1998 compilation "". The album's cover art resulted from another Jones/Goude collaboration; the artwork has been described as being as famous as the music on the record. It features Jones' disembodied head cut out from a photograph and pasted onto a white background. Jones' head is sharpened, giving her head and face an angular shape. A piece of plaster is pasted over her left eyebrow, and her forehead is covered with drops of sweat.

paragraph: Jones' three albums under the production of the Compass Point All Stars resulted in Jones' "One Man Show", a performance art/pop theatre presentation devised by Goude and Jones in which she also performed tracks from the albums "Portfolio" ("La Vie en rose"), "Warm Leatherette", ("Private Life", "Warm Leatherette"), "Nightclubbing" ("Walking in the Rain", "Feel Up", "Demolition Man", "Pull Up to the Bumper" and "I've Seen That Face Before (Libertango)") and from "Living My Life", "My Jamaican Guy" and the album's title track. Jones dressed in elaborate costumes and masks (in the opening sequence as a gorilla) and alongside a series of Grace Jones lookalikes. A video version, filmed live in London and New York City and completed with some studio footage, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Long-Form Music Video the following year.

paragraph: After the release of "Living My Life", Jones took on the role of Zula the Amazonian in "Conan the Destroyer" (1984) and was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 1985, Jones starred as May Day, henchman to main antagonist Max Zorin in the 14th James Bond film "A View to a Kill"; Jones was also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. That same year, she was featured on the Arcadia song "Election Day". Jones was among the many stars to promote the Honda Scooter; other artists included Lou Reed, Adam Ant, and Miles Davis. Jones also, with her boyfriend Dolph Lundgren posed nude for "Playboy".

paragraph: After Jones' success as a mainstream actress, she returned to the studio to work on "Slave to the Rhythm", the last of her recordings for Island. Bruce Woolley, Simon Darlow, Stephen Lipson and Trevor Horn wrote the material, and it was produced by Horn and Lipson. It was a concept album that featured several interpretations of the title track. The project was originally intended for Frankie Goes to Hollywood as a follow-up to "Relax", but was given to Jones. All eight tracks on the album featured excerpts from a conversation with Jones, speaking about many aspects of her life. The interview was conducted by journalist Paul Morley. The album features voice-overs from actor Ian McShane reciting passages from Jean-Paul Goude's biography "Jungle Fever". "Slave to the Rhythm" was successful in German-speaking countries and in the Netherlands, where it secured Top 10 placings. It reached number 12 on the UK Albums Chart in November 1985 and became the second-highest-ranking album released by Jones. Jones earned an MTV Video Music Award nomination for the title track's music video.

paragraph: After her success with "Slave to the Rhythm", Island released "Island Life", Jones' first best-of compilation, which featured songs from most of her releases with Island ("Portfolio", "Fame", "Warm Leatherette", "Nightclubbing", "Living My Life" and "Slave to the Rhythm"). American writer and journalist Glenn O'Brien wrote the essay for the inlay booklet. The compilation charted in the UK, New Zealand and the United States. The artwork on the cover of the compilation was of another Jones/Goude collaboration; it featured Jones' celestial body in a montage of separate images, following Goude's ideas on creating credible illusions with his cut-and-paint technique. The body position is anatomically impossible.

paragraph: The artwork, a piece called "Nigger Arabesque" was originally published in the "New York" magazine in 1978, and was used as a backdrop for the music video of Jones' hit single "La Vie en rose". The artwork has been described as "one of pop culture's most famous photographs". The image was also parodied in Nicki Minaj's 2011 music video for "Stupid Hoe", in which Minaj mimicked the pose.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.:1986–89: "Slave to the Rhythm", "Island Life", further films.

paragraph: After "Slave to the Rhythm" and "Island Life", Jones started to record again under a new contract with Manhattan Records, which resulted in "Inside Story", Jones teamed up with music producer Nile Rodgers of Chic, whom Jones had previously tried to work with during the disco era. The album was recorded at Skyline Studios in New York and post-produced at Atlantic Studios and Sterling Sound. "Inside Story" was the first album Jones produced, which resulted in heated disputes with Rodgers. Musically, the album was more accessible than her previous albums with the Compass Point All Stars, and explored different styles of pop music, with undertones of jazz, gospel, and Caribbean sounds. All songs on the album were written by Jones and Bruce Woolley. Richard Bernstein teamed up with Jones again to provide the album's artwork. "Inside Story" made the top 40 in several European countries. The album was Jones' last entry to date on US "Billboard" 200 albums chart. The same year, Jones starred as Katrina, an Egyptian queen vampire in the vampire film "Vamp". For her work in the film, Jones was awarded a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress.

paragraph: In 1987, Jones appeared in two films, "Straight to Hell", and Mary Lambert's "Siesta", for which Jones was nominated for Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress. "Bulletproof Heart" was released in 1989, produced by Chris Stanley, who co-wrote, and co-produced the majority of the songs, and was featured as a guest vocalist on "Don't Cry Freedom". Robert Clivillés and David Cole of C+C Music Factory produced some tracks on the album.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.:1990–2004: "Boomerang", soundtracks, and collaborations.

paragraph: In 1990, Jones appeared as herself in the documentary, "Superstar: The Life and Times of Andy Warhol". 1992 saw Jones starring as Helen Strangé, in the Eddie Murphy film "Boomerang", for which she also contributed the song "7 Day Weekend" to its soundtrack. Jones released two more soundtrack songs in 1992; "Evilmainya", recorded for the film "Freddie as F.R.O.7", and "Let Joy and Innocence Prevail" for the film "Toys". In 1994, she was due to release an electro album titled "Black Marilyn" with artwork featuring the singer as Marilyn Monroe. "Sex Drive" was released as the first single in September 1993, but due to unknown reasons the record was eventually shelved. The track "Volunteer", recorded during the same sessions, leaked in 2009.

paragraph: In 1996, Jones released "Love Bites", an up-tempo electronic track to promote the Sci-Fi Channel's "Vampire Week", which consisted of a series of vampire-themed films aired on the channel in early November 1996. The track features Jones singing from the perspective of a vampire. The track was released as a non-label promo-only single. To this day, it has not been made commercially available.

paragraph: In June 1998, she was scheduled to release an album entitled "Force of Nature", on which she worked with trip hop musician Tricky. The release of "Force of Nature" was cancelled due to a disagreement between the two, and only a white label 12" single featuring two dance mixes of "Hurricane" was issued at the time; a slowed-down version of this song became the title track of her comeback album released ten years later while another unreleased track from the album, "Clandestine Affair" (recycling the chorus from her unreleased 1993 track "Volunteer"), appeared on a bootleg 12" in 2004. Jones recorded the track "Storm" in 1998 for the movie "The Avengers", and in 1999, appeared in an episode of the "Beastmaster" television series as the Umpatra Warrior.

paragraph: The same year, Jones recorded "The Perfect Crime", an up-tempo song for Danish TV written by the composer duo Floppy M. aka Jacob Duus and Kåre Jacobsen. Jones was also ranked 82nd place on VH1's "100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll". In 2000, Jones collaborated with rapper Lil' Kim, appearing on the song "Revolution" from her album "The Notorious K.I.M.". In 2001, Jones starred in the made-for-television film, "Wolf Girl" (also known as "Blood Moon"), as an intersex circus performer named Christoph/Christine. In 2002, Jones joined Luciano Pavarotti on stage for his annual Pavarotti and Friends fundraiser concert to support the United Nations refugee agency's programs for Angolan refugees in Zambia. In November 2004, Jones sang "Slave to the Rhythm" at a tribute concert for record producer Trevor Horn at London's Wembley Arena.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.:2008–present: "Hurricane" and recent endeavours.

paragraph: Despite several comeback attempts throughout the 1990s, Jones' next full-length record was released almost twenty years later, after Jones decided "never to do an album again," changing her mind after meeting music producer Ivor Guest through a mutual friend, milliner Philip Treacy. After the two became acquainted, Guest let Jones listen to a track he had been working on, which became "Devil in My Life", once Jones set the lyrics to the song. The lyrics to the song were written after a party in Venice.

paragraph: The two ended up with 23 tracks. The album included autobiographical songs, such as "This Is", "Williams' Blood" and "I'm Crying (Mother's Tears)", an ode to her mother Marjorie. "Love You to Life" was another track based on real events and "Corporate Cannibal" referred to corporate capitalism. "Well Well Well" was recorded in memory of Alex Sadkin, member of Compass Point All Stars who had died in a motor accident 1987. "Sunset Sunrise" was written by Jones' son, Paulo; the song ponders the relationship between mankind and mother nature. Four songs were removed from the album, "The Key to Funky", "Body Phenomenon", "Sister Sister" and "Misery". For the production of the album, Jones teamed up with Sly and Robbie, Wally Badarou, Barry Reynolds, Mikey Chung, and Uziah "Sticky" Thompson, of the Compass Point All Stars, with contributions from trip-hop artist Tricky, and Brian Eno.

paragraph: The album was released on Wall of Sound on 3 November 2008 in the United Kingdom. PIAS, the umbrella company of Wall of Sound, distributed "Hurricane" worldwide excluding North America. The album scored 72 out of 100 on review aggregator Metacritic. Prior to the album's release, Jones performed at Massive Attack's Meltdown festival in London on 19 June 2008, Jones performed four new songs from the album and premiered the music video which Jones and artist Nick Hooker collaborated on, which resulted in "Corporate Cannibal". Jones promoted the album even further by appearing on talk show "Friday Night with Jonathan Ross", performed at several awards galas, and embarked on "The Hurricane Tour". The same year, Jones was honoured with Q Idol Award.

paragraph: In 2009, Chris Cunningham produced a fashion shoot for "Dazed & Confused" using Jones as a model to create "Nubian versions" of Rubber Johnny. In an interview for BBC's "The Culture Show", it was suggested that the collaboration may expand into a video project. Jones also worked with the avant-garde poet Brigitte Fontaine on a duet named "Soufi" from Fontaine's album "Prohibition" released in 2009, and produced by Ivor Guest.

paragraph: In March 2010 Jones performed for guests at the 18th annual Elton John AIDS Foundation Academy Award Viewing Party. The Elton John AIDS Foundation is one of the world's leading nonprofit organisations supporting HIV prevention programs, and works to eliminate the stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS. That evening, US$3.7 million was raised. The same year, a budget DVD version of "A One Man Show" was released, as "Grace Jones – Live in Concert". It included three bonus video clips ("Slave to the Rhythm", "Love Is the Drug" and "Crush".

paragraph: In 2011, Jones collaborated again with Brigitte Fontaine on two tracks from her release entitled "L'un n'empêche pas l'autre" and performed at the opening ceremony of the 61st FIFA Congress. Jones released a dub version of the album, "Hurricane – Dub", which came out on 5 September 2011. The dub versions were made by Ivor Guest, with contributions from Adam Green, Frank Byng, Robert Logan and Ben Cowan.

paragraph: In April 2012, Jones joined Deborah Harry, Bebel Gilberto, and Sharon Stone at the Inspiration Gala in São Paulo, Brazil, raising $1.3 million for amfAR (the Foundation for AIDS Research). Jones closed the evening with a performance of "La Vie en Rose" and "Pull Up to the Bumper". Two months later, Jones performed "Slave to the Rhythm" at the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II (whilst keeping a hula hoop spinning in the air throughout), and the Lovebox Festival. On 27 October 2012, Jones performed her only North American show of 2012, a performance at New York City's Roseland Ballroom. The same year, Jones presented Sir Tom Jones with not only the "GQ" Men of the Year award, but her underwear. Tom Jones accepted the gift in good humour, and replied by saying, "I didn't think you wore any".

paragraph: Universal Music Group released a deluxe edition of her "Nightclubbing" album as a two-disc set and Blu-ray audio on 28 April 2014. The set contains most of the 12" mixes of singles from that album, plus two previously unreleased tracks from the "Nightclubbing" sessions, including a cover of the Gary Numan track "Me! I Disconnect from You".

paragraph: In October 2014, Jones was announced as having contributed a song, "Original Beast", to the soundtrack of "".

paragraph: Jones' memoir entitled "I'll Never Write My Memoirs" was released on 29 September 2015.

paragraph: In 2017, Jones collaborated with British virtual band Gorillaz, appearing on the song "Charger" from their fifth studio album "Humanz".

paragraph: In October 2018, Jones received the Order of Jamaica from the Jamaican government.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry and legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry and legacy.:Image.

paragraph: Kyle Munzenrieder of "W" magazine elaborates: "If Cher wrote volume one of the 'How To Be a Modern Pop Star' handbook, Grace Jones wrote volume two. And everyone from Madonna to Björk to Beyoncé to Lady Gaga has taken more than a few pages from her playbook[.]" Jones' work is often discussed for its visual aspect, which was largely the work of French illustrator, photographer, and graphic designer Jean-Paul Goude. According to Jake Hall of "i-D", "their collaborative work [went on] to define the visual landscape of the 70s and 80s," and "the artist helped create one of the most intriguing legends in musical history." Goude saw Jones as his muse, declaring she was "beautiful and grotesque at the same time," and dated her from 1977 to 1984. He "[designed her] album covers, [...] directed her music videos, choreographed live performances, and helped develop her image."

paragraph: It has been noted that Jones' ties with the 1970s and 1980s New York art scene are important in understanding her visual identity during this period, and she was close to Andy Warhol, who created a number of paintings and other works of the singer.

paragraph: She also knew artist Richard Bernstein, and artist and social activist, Keith Haring, who painted her head-to-toe for a series of photographs taken by Robert Mapplethorpe and for her role in the 1986 film "Vamp".

paragraph: Jones' "appearance was equally divisive" as the sonic fluidity of her music - with her "striking visuals [leading] to her becoming a muse for the likes of Issey Miyake and Thierry Mugler. Her image has been described as "neo-cubist".

paragraph: Jones was featured prominently in Goude's work from that period, "which, over the course of the '80s, became increasingly synonymous with willful distortion" - using a technique he refers to as "French correction". The artist stated in 2012: "chopping up photos and rearranging them in a montage to elongate limbs or exaggerate the size of someone's head or some other aspect appealed to me on a lot of levels – I'm always searching for equilibrium, symmetry, and rhythm in an image."

paragraph: Goude's work "centers around artistic depictions of race, ethnicity, and global culture", with an "enchantment with the far-away and the exotic". As a result, much of his depictions of black women are considered controversial and exploitative, as Jones was presented as "a white man's rendition of the African feminine." Goude's images depicted her hypersexualized and androgynous, emphasizing her "blackness" and Jamaican heritage. Writer Abigail Gardner felt Jones' body "was presented and manipulated in ways that are clearly congruent with conceiving of that display as artefactual." Essentially, Hall writes, "Goude treated Jones as an artistic vehicle first and foremost - a hyperbole which, despite destroying their personal relationship, allowed Goude to translate his grandiose vision of Jones the phenomenon into a series of imagery which painted her as a surreal, impossible muse.

paragraph: Jones' distinctive androgynous appearance, square-cut, angular padded clothing, manner, and height of 179 cm (5'10 1/2") influenced the cross-dressing movement of the 1980s. To this day, she is known for her unique look at least as much as she is for her music and has been an inspiration for numerous artists, including Annie Lennox, Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Lorde, Brazilian Girls, Grimes, Róisín Murphy, Nile Rodgers, Santigold, and Basement Jaxx. Jones was listed as one of the 50 best-dressed over 50 by the "Guardian" in March 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry and legacy.:Music.

paragraph: Jones' early music was rooted in the disco genre. She opted for a new wave sound in the early 1980s. She recorded a series of albums (1980's "Warm Leatherette" through 1982's "Living My Life") backed by the Jamaica rhythm section duo Sly and Robbie. Her music during this era was described as a new wave hybrid of reggae, funk, pop, and rock. According to John Doran of BBC Music, "Warm Leatherette" and "Nightclubbing" were "post-punk pop" albums that, "delved into the worlds of disco, reggae and funk much more successfully than most of her 'alternative' contemporaries, while still retaining a blank-eyed alienation that was more reminiscent of David Bowie or Ian Curtis than most of her peers." This hybrid influenced a variety of alternative music artists, including Massive Attack, Todd Terje, Gorillaz, Hot Chip, and LCD Soundsystem.

paragraph: Jones has a contralto vocal range. She sings in two modes: either in her monotone speak-sing voice as in songs such as "Private Life", "Walking in the Rain" and "The Apple Stretching", or in an almost-soprano mode in songs such as "La Vie en Rose", "Slave to the Rhythm", and "Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician". Jones' voice spans 4 octaves, 1 note and a semitone from the low note of C (in "Corporate Cannibal") to the high note of E (in "Slave to the Rhythm).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Jones' father was strict and their relationship was strained. According to his particular denomination's beliefs, one should only use one's singing ability to glorify God. Bishop Robert W. Jones died on 7 May 2008. Her mother, Marjorie, always supported Jones' career (she sings on "Williams' Blood" and "My Jamaican Guy") but could not be publicly associated with her music. Marjorie's father, William, was also a musician, and played with Nat King Cole.

paragraph: Jones described her childhood as having been "crushed underneath the Bible", and since has refused to enter a Jamaican church due to her bad childhood experiences.

paragraph: Through her relationship with longtime collaborator Jean-Paul Goude, Jones has one son, Paulo. From Paulo, Jones has one granddaughter. Jones married Atila Altaunbay in 1996. She disputes rumors that she married Chris Stanley in her 2015 memoir "I'll Never Write My Memoirs", saying, "The truth is, I only ever married one of my boyfriends, Atila Altaunbay, a Muslim from Turkey." She spent four years with Swedish actor Dolph Lundgren, her former bodyguard; she was the one who got him a part as a KGB officer in "A View to a Kill". Jones started dating Danish actor and stuntman Sven-Ole Thorsen in 1990, and was in an open relationship as of 2007.

paragraph: Jones' brother is megachurch preacher Bishop Noel Jones, who starred on the 2013 reality show "Preachers of LA".

paragraph: Jones' real last name is often referred to as "Mendoza", which is actually a name she used in her 20s to fool her parents.

description: Jamaican singer, actress and model

enwikiquote_title: Grace Jones

wikidata_label: Grace Jones

wikipedia_title: Grace Jones


text: Mark Twain

text: Puritan

text: Plainfield, Massachusetts

text: Charlemont, Massachusetts

text: Cazenovia, New York

text: Hamilton College

text: Clinton, New York

text: Missouri

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Chicago

text: The Hartford Courant

text: Joseph R. Hawley

text: Harper's Magazine

text: Hartford

text: Cedar Hill Cemetery

text: Mark Twain

text: Joseph Twichell

text: National Institute of Arts and Letters

text: American Social Science Association

text: Washington Irving

text: that era of American history

text: San Diego

text: Point Loma

text: Baddeck, And That Sort of Thing

text: Mark Twain

text: Fields, Annie A.

text: "Charles Dudley Warner"

text: Lounsbury, T.R.

text: "Biographical Sketch."

text: Matthews, Brander

text: Paine, A.B.

text: Calvin the Cat, A Study of Character

categories: People from Plainfield, Massachusetts,Burials at Cedar Hill Cemetery (Hartford, Connecticut),Art Students League of New York faculty,American male essayists,1829 births,Hamilton College (New York) alumni,People from Cazenovia, New York,19th-century American novelists,American male novelists,American essayists,Novelists from Massachusetts,People from Charlemont, Massachusetts,1900 deaths

paragraph: Charles Dudley Warner

paragraph: Charles Dudley Warner (September 12, 1829 – October 20, 1900) was an American essayist, novelist, and friend of Mark Twain, with whom he co-authored the novel "".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Warner was born of Puritan descent in Plainfield, Massachusetts. From the ages of six to fourteen he lived in Charlemont, Massachusetts, the place and time revisited in his book "Being a Boy" (1877). He then moved to Cazenovia, New York, and in 1851 graduated from Hamilton College in Clinton, New York.

paragraph: He worked with a surveying party in Missouri and then studied law at the University of Pennsylvania. He moved to Chicago, where he practiced law from 1856 to 1860, when he relocated to Connecticut to become assistant editor of "The Hartford Press". By 1861 he had become editor, a position he held until 1867, when the paper merged into "The Hartford Courant" and he became co-editor with Joseph R. Hawley.

paragraph: In 1884 he joined the editorial staff of "Harper's Magazine", for which he conducted "The Editor's Drawer" until 1892, when he took charge of "The Editor's Study".

paragraph: He died in Hartford on October 20, 1900, and was interred at Cedar Hill Cemetery, with Mark Twain as a pall bearer and Joseph Twichell officiating.

paragraph: Warner traveled widely, lectured frequently, and was actively interested in prison reform, city park supervision, and other movements for the public good. He was the first president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, and, at the time of his death, was president of the American Social Science Association.

paragraph: He first attracted attention with the reflective sketches in "My Summer in a Garden" (1870). First published as a series in "The Hartford Courant", these sketches were popular for their abounding and refined humor and mellow personal charm, their love of the outdoors, their suggestive comment on life and affairs, and their delicately finished style, qualities that suggested the work of Washington Irving. In 1873, the work Warner is known for today, the novel he wrote with Mark Twain, was published. Called "", it gave that era of American history its name.

paragraph: Charles Dudley Warner is known for making the famous remark, Quoted by Mark Twain in one of his many humorous lectures, Warner's quip is still commonly misattributed to Twain.

paragraph: The citizens of San Diego so appreciated Warner's flattering description of their city in his book "Our Italy" that they named three consecutive streets in the Point Loma neighborhood after him: Charles Street, Dudley Street, and Warner Street.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Summer in a Garden and Calvin "[his cat]", A Study of Character" (Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1870)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saunterings" (1872), descriptions of travel in Eastern Europe

paragraph: BULLET::::- "BackLog Studies" (1872)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baddeck, And That Sort of Thing" (1874), travels in Nova Scotia and elsewhere

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Winter on the Nile" (1876)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Levant" (1876)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Wilderness" (1878)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Roundabout Journey, in Europe" (1883)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On Horseback, in the Southern States" (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Studies in the South and West, with Comments on Canada" (1889)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Italy, etc. [A description of Southern California.]" (1891)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Relation of Literature to Life" (1896)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The People for Whom Shakespeare Wrote" (1897)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fashions in Literature" (1902)

paragraph: He edited "The American Men of Letters" series, to which he contributed an excellent biography of Washington Irving (1881), and also edited a large "Library of the World's Best Literature" (1897).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Essays:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "As We Were Saying" (1891)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "As We Go" (1893)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Novels:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (in collaboration with Mark Twain, 1873)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Their Pilgrimage" (1886)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Little Journey in the World" (1889)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden House" (1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "That Fortune" (1899).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrews, Kenneth R. (1950). "Nook Farm: Mark Twain's Hartford Circle." Harvard University Press. Has a lot on Warner, including a complete bibliography of his works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fields, Annie A. (1904). "Charles Dudley Warner". New York: McClure, Phillips & Co.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lounsbury, T.R. (1904). "Biographical Sketch." In: "The Complete Writings of Charles Dudley Warner", Vol. XV. Hartford, Conn: American Publishing Co., pp. i–xxxviii.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthews, Brander (1902). "Mr. Charles Dudley Warner as a Writer of Fiction." In: "Aspects of Fiction". New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 280–297.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paine, A.B. (1912). "Mark Twain: A Biography". New York: Harper & Brothers.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Dudley Warner page with brief biographical sketch and links to his works available on the web, including his "Editor's Study" columns.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER by Mrs. James T. Fields. New York: McClure, Phillips, & Co., 1904. Contemporary Men of Letters Series.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calvin the Cat, A Study of Character

description: American writer

enwikiquote_title: Charles Dudley Warner

wikidata_label: Charles Dudley Warner

wikipedia_title: Charles Dudley Warner


text:
Social Distortion
Scott Reeder
Fu Manchu
The Drips
Suicidal Tendencies
The Bronx
Bullet Treatment
Rise Against
The Bronx
Cancer Bats
Anti-Flag
Brody Dalle
Spinnerette
Chuck Ragan
Dave Hause
Greg Graffin
David Hidalgo
Los Lobos

categories: American rock drummers,American musicians of Mexican descent,1984 births,Social Distortion members,Spinnerette members,21st-century American drummers,Hispanic and Latino American musicians,Living people

paragraph: David Hidalgo Jr.

paragraph: David Hidalgo Jr. (born August 30, 1984) is an American drummer currently playing in Social Distortion. Hidalgo replaced former drummer Scott Reeder, who had been busy with his main project Fu Manchu. Prior to joining Social Distortion, he played drums in The Drips and Suicidal Tendencies. He also plays drums for The Bronx/Mariachi El Bronx and the hardcore punk band Bullet Treatment with a variety of lineups that also included members of Rise Against, The Bronx, Cancer Bats, Anti-Flag and others. David also toured with Brody Dalle in her Spinnerette and self-titled projects. He has recorded and toured with Chuck Ragan and Dave Hause. Most recently, Dave recorded on Greg Graffin's new solo record. He is the son of David Hidalgo, guitarist and singer of Los Lobos.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: David Hidalgo, Jr.

wikipedia_title: David Hidalgo Jr.


text: House of Commons

text: Parliamentarian

text: English Civil War

text: Miles Sandys

text: John Leveson

text: Richard Temple

text: High Sheriff

text: ship money

text: Member of Parliament

text: Buckingham

text: Short Parliament

text: Long Parliament

text: the court that tried Charles I

text: Thomas Temple

text: Hester Temple

text: lived at No. 2-3 Tavistock Row

categories: 1653 deaths,English MPs 1640–1648,English MPs 1648–1653,1592 births,English MPs 1640 (April),Roundheads

paragraph: Sir Peter Temple, 2nd Baronet

paragraph: Sir Peter Temple, 2nd Baronet (1592–1653) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1653. He was a Parliamentarian in the English Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Temple was the son of Sir Thomas Temple, 1st Baronet, of Stowe and his wife Hester Sandys, daughter of Miles Sandys. He inherited the baronetcy on his father's death in 1637.

paragraph: Temple married firstly Ann Throckmorton, daughter of Sir Arthur Throckmorton of Paulerspury, Northamptonshire. He had two daughters by his first wife; the elder, Anne, survived into old age while the younger, Martha, died as a toddler. He married secondly Christian Leveson daughter of Sir John Leveson and they had several children. the eldest, Frances, married the Earl of Londonderry. Sir Peter's eldest son Richard Temple succeeded to the baronetcy.

paragraph: Sir Peter had a longstanding quarrel with his daughter Anne, who married Thomas Roper, 2nd Roper Viscount Baltinglass, without her father's permission. Anne and her husband sued Sir Peter and his heir, Sir Richard, for her inheritance through her mother, Anne Throckmorton Temple.

paragraph: Section::::Public offices.

paragraph: In 1634, he served as High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire and was consequently responsible for collecting the controversial ship money in Buckinghamshire.

paragraph: In April 1640, Temple was elected Member of Parliament for Buckingham in the Short Parliament. He was also elected for Buckingham in November 1640 to the Long Parliament. He took the side of the Parliamentarians and fought for them in the Civil War. although his wife, Christian, was a Royalist sympathiser. He was nominated to serve as a judge on the court that tried Charles I, but never attended any sessions.

paragraph: Section::::Relationship with father.

paragraph: Sir Peter was accused by his father of "wasting money in gambling, drinking, and other extravagances". He believed that his father favoured his younger brother, John, over him. In the 1620s, when his father was planning to sell some land in order to reduce his debts, Sir Peter, who was himself heavily in debt, went to the Court of Chancery to prevent the sale. Eventually, the legal case between father and son was settled in the 1630s by an arbitrator. Sir Thomas was allowed to sell the land, but he had to make a payment to Sir Peter. Peter's father and mother, Sir Thomas Temple and Lady Hester Temple, had already made an agreement with Peter in 1625, whereby they vacated the mansion at Stowe by Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, and left Sir Peter to housekeep there. Peter made considerable changes to the building. From 1637 to 1643 Temple lived at No. 2-3 Tavistock Row, Covent Garden.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Sir Peter Temple, 2nd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Peter Temple, 2nd Baronet


text:
Boston Brahmin
business magnate
Calumet and Hecla Mining Company
George Parkman
murdered in 1849
Francis Parkman Junior
Harvard University
abolition of slavery
Robert Gould Shaw
colonel
Volunteer Army of the United States
American Civil War
black
54th Regiment
killed in action
Second Battle of Fort Wagner
Pauline Agassiz
Louis Agassiz
Elizabeth Cabot Cary
Robert Gould II
Louis Agassiz Shaw, Jr.
Philip Drinker
Henry Lee Higginson
Alexander Emanuel Agassiz
Boston Daily Globe

categories: American investors,1908 deaths,Harvard University alumni,1825 births

paragraph: Quincy Adams Shaw

paragraph: Quincy Adams Shaw (February 8, 1825June 12, 1908) was a Boston Brahmin investor and business magnate who was the first president of Calumet and Hecla Mining Company.

paragraph: Section::::Family and early life.

paragraph: Shaw came from a famous and moneyed Boston family. With a net worth of $1,000,000 dollars in 1846, Shaw's father (Robert Gould Shaw, 17761853) was one of the wealthiest men in Boston. His mother was Elizabeth Willard Parkman (31 March 178514 April 1853), whose father Samuel Parkman (August 22, 1751June 11, 1824) was the original source of capital upon which her husband built one of the wealthiest and largest business enterprises in Boston at that time. George Parkman (February 19, 1790November 23, 1849), a wealthy Boston physician who was murdered in 1849 in a gruesome and highly publicized case, was Elizabeth's brother.

paragraph: Shaw was good friends with his cousin, American historian Francis Parkman Junior (September 16, 1823November 8, 1893), and the pair travelled together to the American West after graduating from Harvard University in 1845. Parkman's 1849 book, is dedicated to Shaw.

paragraph: Shaw's older brother Francis George Shaw (October 23, 1809November 7, 1882) was an outspoken advocate of the abolition of slavery. Shaw's nephew, son of Francis George, was Robert Gould Shaw (October 10, 1837July 18, 1863). The latter was a colonel in the Volunteer Army of the United States during the American Civil War, and commander of the all-black 54th Regiment. Colonel Robert Gould Shaw was killed in action during the Second Battle of Fort Wagner in 1863.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: On November 30, 1860, Shaw married Pauline Agassiz (February 6, 1841 – February 10, 1917), daughter of Louis Agassiz and the step daughter of Elizabeth Cabot Cary. They had five children: Pauline, Marian, Louis Agassiz Shaw, Sr. (September 18, 1861 – July 2, 1891), Quincy Adams (July 30, 1869 – May 8, 1960), and Robert Gould II (1873–1930).

paragraph: Shaw's grandson, Louis Agassiz Shaw, Jr., is credited along with Philip Drinker for inventing the Drinker respirator, the first widely used iron lung.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Shaw and his brother-in-law Henry Lee Higginson (18341919) became major investors in the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, and Shaw was the first president of the company. Shaw retained that position for only a few months before Alexander Emanuel Agassiz (another brother-in-law) took over.

paragraph: In his "Boston Daily Globe" obituary, Shaw was named "the heaviest individual taxpayer in Massachusetts" and "the head of the family whose members in various ways have done much to promote the educational and commercial interests of Boston."

description: American business magnate

wikidata_label: Quincy Adams Shaw

wikipedia_title: Quincy Adams Shaw


text:
Medellín
Colombia
motorcycle road racer

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,Supersport World Championship riders,Sportspeople from Medellín,Colombian motorcycle racers,AMA Superbike Championship riders,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Martín Cárdenas (motorcyclist)

paragraph: Martín Cárdenas Ochoa (born January 28, 1982 in Medellín, Colombia) is a professional motorcycle road racer.

description: Colombian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Martín Cárdenas Ochoa

wikipedia_title: Martín Cárdenas (motorcyclist)


text:
emperor in the Gallic provinces
Marius
Gaul
Postumus
consul
praetorian prefect
Augusta Treverorum
Roman Empire
Gaul
Germania
Britain
Hispania
Claudius Gothicus
Placidianus
Cularo
Grenoble
Augustodunum Haeduorum (Autun)
Claudius Gothicus
Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium
Cologne
Alamanni
Balkans
Goths
Rhine
Victoria
Tetricus I
Domitianus II
Thirty Tyrants
Historia Augusta
Victorinus Junior
Aurelius Victor
"Epitome de Caesaribus"
"Liber de Caesaribus"
Eutropius
"Brevarium", Book 9
Historia Augusta
"The Thirty Tyrants"

categories: Gallic emperors,Thirty Tyrants (Roman),270s deaths,3rd-century murdered monarchs,Piavonii,Year of birth unknown,Imperial Roman consuls,Deified Roman emperors,3rd-century monarchs in Europe,Murdered Roman emperors

paragraph: Victorinus

paragraph: Marcus Piavonius Victorinus was emperor in the Gallic provinces from 268 to 270 or 269 to 271, following the brief reign of Marius. He was murdered by a jealous husband whose wife he tried to seduce.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Hailing from Gaul, Victorinus was born to a family of great wealth, and was a soldier under Postumus, the first of the so-called Gallic emperors. He showed considerable ability, as he held the title of tribunus praetorianorum (tribune of the praetorians) in 266/267, and rose swiftly to become co-consul with Postumus in 268. It is also possible that Postumus then elevated him to the post of praetorian prefect.

paragraph: After engineering the death of Marius, Victorinus was declared emperor by the troops located at Augusta Treverorum in the fall of 269. His principal concern was to prevent the western provinces from submitting to the central authority of the Roman Empire, a fact made clear to him from the first few weeks when only the provinces of Gaul, Germania and Britain recognised him. Hispania deserted the Gallic Empire and declared its loyalty to Claudius Gothicus. Claudius then sent his trusted general Placidianus to south-east Gaul with instructions to bring over as many of the wavering cities as he could. Very quickly Placidianus captured Cularo (Grenoble), but did not proceed any further.

paragraph: The presence of Placidianus inspired the city of Augustodunum Haeduorum (Autun) to abandon Victorinus and declare its intention to declare for Claudius Gothicus. This forced Victorinus to march south and besiege it, where it fell after seven months, after which Victorinus’ troops plundered and destroyed the city. Victorinus returned to Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne) in triumph. It remains a mystery just why Claudius did not authorise Placidianus to go to the relief of Augustodunum; however, it is speculated that Claudius, who was fully engaged either in Italy against the Alamanni or in the Balkans against the Goths, did not wish to open a second theatre of operations in Gaul, which would not only have involved a major military effort, but would also have required Claudius to assume responsibility for the defense of the Rhine frontier had he been successful. There is evidence to suggest that Claudius was having some difficulties in the East, which also occupied his attention.

paragraph: Victorinus was murdered at Colonia in early 271 by Attitianus, one of his officers, whose wife Victorinus had supposedly seduced. Since the motive was personal and not political, Victorinus' mother, Victoria (or Vitruvia), was able to continue to hold power after the death of Victorinus and she arranged for his deification and, after considerable payment to the troops, the appointment of Tetricus I as his successor. Another military commander appears to have been proclaimed as the emperor Domitianus II, but was soon eliminated.

paragraph: Victorinus is listed among the Thirty Tyrants in the "Historia Augusta". The (dubious) "Historia Augusta" equally has a short description of Victorinus Junior, allegedly the son of Victorinus, who was appointed emperor by his family the day his father was murdered, and would have been killed immediately afterwards by the troops. The "Historia Augusta" also says that both father and son were buried near Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium in marble tombs.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aurelius Victor, "Epitome de Caesaribus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aurelius Victor, "Liber de Caesaribus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eutropius, "Brevarium", Book 9

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia Augusta, "The Thirty Tyrants"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. F. Drinkwater, "The Gallic Empire: Separatism and Continuity in the North-western Provinces of the Roman Empire A.D. 260–274" (Stuttgart 1987)

description: politician

wikidata_label: Victorinus

wikipedia_title: Victorinus


text: Tetricus I

text: Gallic Empire

text: Caesar

text: princeps iuventutis

text: consul

text: Aurelian

text: triumph

categories: Gallic emperors,Thirty Tyrants (Roman),3rd-century Romans,Esuvii,Imperial Roman consuls,3rd-century monarchs in Europe

paragraph: Tetricus II

paragraph: Caius Pius Esuvius Tetricus (also seen as Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus but better known in English as Tetricus II) was the son of Tetricus I, Emperor of the Gallic Empire (270-274).

paragraph: In 273, he was raised to the rank of "Caesar", with the title of "princeps iuventutis", and in January 274 he started his first consulship, together with his father. After the defeat and deposition of his father in the autumn of 274, he appeared as a prisoner in Aurelian's triumph, but the emperor spared their lives. According to some sources, he had also kept his senatorial rank.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polfer, Michael, "Tetricus II (Caesar 273-274 AD)", "De Imperatoribus Romanis"

description: roman usurpater

wikidata_label: Tetricus II

wikipedia_title: Tetricus II