text:
opera
soprano
Wagnerian
vocal range
Stadttheater Dortmund
contralto
mezzo-soprano
Stuttgart Court Opera
Berlin State Opera
Städtische Oper Berlin
Vienna State Opera
Vienna Music Academy
Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde
Rosa Papier-Paumgartner
Anna Bahr-Mildenburg
Lucie Weidt
contralto
Ring
Tristan und Isolde
Karl Wildbrunn
Rezia
Siegfried
Götterdämmerung
Les Huguenots
Kundry
Marschallin
Teatro Colón
Buenos Aires
Felix Weingartner
La Scala
Lotte Lehmann
Walter Kirchhoff
Emil Schipper
Carl Braun
Neustifter Friedhof

categories: Musicians from Vienna,20th-century opera singers,20th-century women singers,20th-century Austrian musicians,Austrian operatic sopranos,Austrian music educators,1882 births,1972 deaths

paragraph: Helene Wildbrunn

paragraph: Leonore Helene Wildbrunn (8 April 1882 – 10 April 1972) was an Austrian operatic soprano. She was a celebrated Wagnerian singer, possessing a wide vocal range and dramatic creativity and fine sense of style. She made her debut in 1907 at the Stadttheater Dortmund as a contralto and mezzo-soprano. She performed at the Stuttgart Court Opera from 1914 to 1918, the Berlin State Opera from 1919 to 1925, the Städtische Oper Berlin from 1925 to 1932, and the Vienna State Opera from 1919 until 1932. From 1932 to 1950, she only appeared as a concert singer, and taught at the Vienna Music Academy as a professor.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Wildbrunn was born in Vienna in 1882, the daughter of a railway operator. She studied in Vienna at the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde Conservatory under Rosa Papier-Paumgartner, who had earlier taught Anna Bahr-Mildenburg and Lucie Weidt. She was initially a contralto, but had a wide vocal range. She made her debut in 1907 at the Stadttheater Dortmund as an alto and mezzo-soprano. At the Dortmund theatre, she performed 23 different roles in one season, and in the 1913 season appeared as Waltraute, Erda and Fricka in Wagner's "Ring" and as Brangäne in his "Tristan und Isolde". She married fellow opera singer Karl Wildbrunn (1873–1938) in 1914. Shortly afterwards, they moved to Stuttgart, where she became a member of the Stuttgart Court Opera. Here she developed to a soprano, performing the roles of Rezia, Amelia, Leonore, Brünnhilde in "Siegfried" and "Götterdämmerung", Valentine in "Les Huguenots", Kundry and the Marschallin. From 1919 to 1925 she performed at the Berlin State Opera, from 1925 to 1932 at the Städtische Oper Berlin, and from 1919 until 1932 at the Vienna State Opera. During this time she was invited to opera houses in the world, including the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, by an invitation of Felix Weingartner. At La Scala in Milan she appeared as Kundry and Brünnhilde, alongside Lotte Lehmann, Walter Kirchhoff, Emil Schipper and Carl Braun. Isolde is regarded as her greatest role.

paragraph: From 1932 to 1950, she appeared as a concert singer, and was a professor at the Vienna Music Academy. Wildbrunn possessed a wide vocal range, with dark colours and dramatic creativity in her voice. She died in April 1972 at the age of 90. Her tomb is located in the Neustifter Friedhof cemetery of Vienna (Group J, row 1, number 1).

description: Austrian soprano

wikidata_label: Helene Wildbrunn

wikipedia_title: Helene Wildbrunn


text: Countess of Bigorre

text: Marsan

text: Nébouzan

text: Alfonso II of Aragon

text: Gaston VI, Viscount of Béarn

text: Albigensian Crusade

text: Nuño Sánchez

text: Petronilla of Aragon

text: Pope Honorius III

text: Guy

text: Toulouse

text: Castelnaudary

text: Amaury de Montfort

text: Aquitaine

text: Comminges

text: Languedoc

text: Raymond VII of Toulouse

text: Louis IX of France

text: Guy de Monfort

text: Alix

text: Jordan, Lord of Chabanais

text: Martha

text: Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn

text: Simon de Montfort

text: Earl of Leicester

text: Henry III of England

text: Eschivat de Chabanais

text: Edward of England

text: Count

text: Roger IV of Foix

text: Treaty of Brétigny

text: Bernard VII of Armagnac

text: John I, Count of Foix

text: counts of Foix

categories: 12th-century French women,12th-century French people,13th-century women rulers,Counts of Bigorre,1251 deaths,1180s births,Year of birth uncertain,Viscounts of Marsan,Place of birth missing,13th-century French women,Countesses

paragraph: Petronilla, Countess of Bigorre

paragraph: Petronilla of Bigorre or Petronilla of Comminges ( 1184 – 1251) was ruling Countess of Bigorre between 1194 and 1251. She was the only child of Bernard IV, Count of Comminges, and his wife Stephanie-Beatrice IV, Countess of Bigorre. Petronilla succeeded her mother in 1194 as Countess of Bigorre; she was also Viscountess of Marsan and Nébouzan through further successions. She reigned as countess for fifty-seven years, in which time she was married five times.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Petronilla was born around 1184 as the only child of her parents, and was therefore their heir. As a child Petronilla was at the centre of political plans, first conducted by her father who acted as regent after the death of Stephanie-Beatrice. However, Petronilla's guardianship was soon handed over to Alfonso II of Aragon who had Petronilla betrothed and married to one of his allies Gaston VI, Viscount of Béarn in early 1196. Gaston ruled jointly with Petronilla over Bigorre. The couple remained childless. Gaston participated in the 45-year Albigensian Crusade, a time in which he lost favour. He was excommunicated by the Council of Vabres and his territories declared forfeit by the pope.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Adulthood.

paragraph: Petronilla's husband Gaston died in 1214 leaving her a childless widow aged around thirty. The following year, Petronilla was married to Nuño Sánchez, a grandson of Petronilla of Aragon; however, the marriage was annulled by Pope Honorius III the very next year, in 1216. The leader of the ongoing crusade, Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, who was at that time at the height of his power, had Petronilla in 1216 married to his own son Guy. The power of the Montfort family began to decline during the Albigensian Crusade. There was opposition by the local nobility in 1218, Simon de Montfort was killed at Toulouse and Guy himself was killed in 1220 when taking Castelnaudary. Petronilla was left with two daughters by this marriage.

paragraph: Although her husband and father-in-law had died, Petronilla remained at their property in the camp of the northern French crusaders as her brother-in-law Amaury de Montfort succeeded and had his sister-in-law remarried to Aymor de Racon. This was followed by the failure of the papal crusade in 1224 and the death of Aymor, the couple having no children.

paragraph: In 1228 Petronilla married for the fifth and final time, her latest husband being Boson of Mastas, Seigneur de Cognac. Petronilla spent the next few years on her husband's estates in Aquitaine as they had made themselves unpopular by their marriages with the Crusaders and their own people. In 1230, Petronilla returned to Bigorre with her husband where public order had collapsed, as a result of her many years of absence, and restored it. In 1232 they attacked Petronilla's half-brother Bernard V in order to inherit the Comminges as their father had died in 1225. Although the claim on Comminges could not be enforced, Petronilla did inherit large parts of the Nébouzan from her father. In 1242 Petronilla was reconciled with the nobility of Languedoc, who had turned against her because of her hostile northern French husband, Boson, after she and her husband were in the revolt of Count Raymond VII of Toulouse. The rebellion had failed and Boson lost favour with Louis IX of France and eventually died in 1251.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Children.

paragraph: In total Petronilla had three children, two from her third marriage and one by her fifth marriage:

paragraph: With Guy de Monfort she had two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alix (1217/1220 – 1255), succeeded her mother as Countess of Bigorre; she was married firstly to Jordan, Lord of Chabanais, by whom she had issue; and secondly to Raoul de Courtenay, with issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petronilla, married Raoul de la Roche-Tesson

paragraph: With Boson of Mastas she had one daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martha (also known as Amata) (after 1228-6 February 1270/April 1273), married Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn, and had issue

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death and legacy.

paragraph: Near the end of her life, the Countess Petronilla relinquished the government of Bigorre to her brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester and governor of Guyenne. Petronilla retired to an abbey and died in 1251.

paragraph: Simon had interpreted Petronilla's act of relinquishing Bigorre to him as a gift and he was fought by Alix (Petronilla's daughter and heiress) assisted by Martha. To prevent Guyenne and Gascony from rebelling, Henry III of England recalled Simon de Montfort and appointed John Grailly in his place.

paragraph: Petronilla's grandson was Eschivat de Chabanais who had succeeded his mother Alix without protest, but made the mistake of keeping land that Martha had in Bigorre. Martha's husband Gaston VII of Béarn then invaded the county, forcing Eschivat to defend it, seeking the assistance of Prince Edward of England and the alliance of Count Roger IV of Foix.

paragraph: In 1258, war resumed in the region and Eschivat agreed to temporarily surrender the County of Bigorre to Simon de Montfort, this time to end the conflict. In doing so, he committed the same mistake as his grandmother, Petronilla, because Simon refused to return the county. Soon after, Simon de Montfort rebelled against King Henry III, and Eschivat helped Gaston VII regain Bigorre.

paragraph: After his death, Petronilla's daughter Martha and her granddaughter by Alix, Laura, competed for the County of Bigorre. After this point the succession become disputed and whether the county owed allegiance to England or France was also fought over. In 1360, the Treaty of Brétigny made it decisively French. In 1407, it belonged to Bernard VII of Armagnac, who sold it that year to John I, Count of Foix, (a descendant of Petronilla through Martha). From then on it has been a subsidiary title of the counts of Foix.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionnaire de la conversation et de la lecture, 2nd Edition, Vol.3, Ed. William Duckett, Aux Comptoirs de la Direction, 1856.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andre Delpech: Pétronille de Bigorre. in 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- JR Maddicott: Simon de Montfort. in 1996

wikidata_label: Petronilla, Countess of Bigorre

wikipedia_title: Petronilla, Countess of Bigorre


text:
Dutch Golden Age
Jordaan
Amsterdam
Juriaen van Streeck
Melchior de Hondekoeter
Emmanuel de Witte
Bob Haak
Nieuwe Kerk
still life
Hendrick van Streeck
Artnet

categories: 1659 births,Dutch male painters,Dutch Golden Age painters,Artists from Amsterdam,1720 deaths

paragraph: Hendrick van Streeck

paragraph: Hendrick van Streeck (baptized 11 April 1659 - buried 19 November 1720), was a Dutch Golden Age painter of church interiors.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hendrik was born in the Jordaan, a working-class neighborhood in Amsterdam as the son of the painter Juriaen van Streeck. After learning to draw from him took to sculpting with Willem van der Hoeven between 1672 and 1677. In 1683 he married Maria van Hockom; the couple had three children, four may have been buried young. His father, in his later years an innkeeper in Kerkstraat, died in 1687. Hendrik was advised by Melchior de Hondekoeter to stick to painting, and he became a student of Emmanuel de Witte. According to Bob Haak De Witte moved in with Van Streeck, who lived most of his life in Kerkstraat. Houbraken wrote he learned to paint church interiors so well that his art was hard to tell apart from De Witte's. Hendrick was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk, his widow died in 1753.

paragraph: In 1696 he was involved in the decoration of the townhall in Alkmaar. Van Streeck also painted landscapes and still lifes.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hendrick van Streeck on Artnet

alias:
Hendrik Van Streek
Hendrik van Streek
Hendrik Van Streeck
Henry Van Streek
Hendrik van Streeck
Hendrick van Streek
van Streeck
Van Streek
Streeck
A. von Streeck
H. van Streek
Henricus van Streeck

description: Dutch painter

wikidata_label: Hendrick van Streeck

wikipedia_title: Hendrick van Streeck


text: Duke of Landsberg

text: Zweibrücken

text: John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

text: Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg

text: Landsberg

text: Alsace

text: Johann Casimir

text: appanage

text: Palatine Zweibrücken

text: Montfort-en-Auxois

text: Countess Emilia Antwerpiana of Nassau

text: William the Silent, Prince of Orange

categories: 1585 births,House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken,1645 deaths

paragraph: Frederick Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Landsberg

paragraph: Frederick Casimir () (10 June 1585 – 30 September 1645) was the Duke of Landsberg from 1604 until 1645.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Frederick was born in Zweibrücken in 1585 as the second son of John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. After his father's death in 1604, Frederick Casimir and his brothers partitioned his territories; Frederick Casimir received the territory around Landsberg in Alsace.

paragraph: In 1611 his late father's dispositions in his favour and that of his younger brother, Johann Casimir, were finally implemented, giving them, respectively, the appanages of Landsberg and Neukastell, reserving for their eldest brother most of Palatine Zweibrücken. He died in Montfort-en-Auxois in 1645 and was buried in the Alexanderkirche in Zweibrücken.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Frederick Casimir married Countess Emilia Antwerpiana of Nassau (9 December 1581 – 28 September 1657), a daughter of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, on 4 July 1616 and had Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (27 October 1619 – 11 April 1681), his heir.

description: Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Landsberg

wikidata_label: Frederick Casimir


text:
Vianen
Ameide
Lexmond
Hei- en Boeicop
Meerkerk
Twaalfhoven
Walraven I van Brederode
William van Brederode
Order of the Golden Fleece
Gijsbrecht van Brederode
David of Burgundy
Charles the Bold
William de Lalaing
Walraven II van Brederode
Frans van Brederode
Biography
Johannes a Leydis

categories: 1473 deaths,Van Brederode,1415 births,Knights of the Golden Fleece,People from Velsen

paragraph: Reinoud II van Brederode

paragraph: Reinoud II van Brederode (Santpoort, 1415 – Vianen, 16 October 1473) was Lord of Vianen, Ameide, Lexmond, Hei- en Boeicop, Meerkerk, and Twaalfhoven.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of Walraven I van Brederode and Johanna van Vianen. His uncle William van Brederode ruled as regent during his minority until 1438, when Reinoud was officially named Lord. In 1445 he was made a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and was also appointed burgrave of Utrecht. Reinoud came to his brother Gijsbrecht van Brederode's aid in the bishop's dispute with David of Burgundy, who however managed to capture Reinoud in 1470, and had him tortured. Charles the Bold set him free, but the captivity and torture had taken its toll on Reinoud, who would never be the same.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Reinoud married with Elisabeth, or Lijsbeth Willems in 1440. He had many children with Elisabeth, but the marriage was not recognised and the children were given bastard status. Around 1458, Reinoud married Yolanda de Lalaing, a daughter of William de Lalaing.

paragraph: Reinoud had the following children with Elisabeth, his first wife:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walraven van Brederode ± 1440–????

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reinier van Brederode ± 1444–± 1481

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hendrik van Brederode ± 1447–????

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johan van Brederode ± 1450–????

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johan van Brederode ± 1452–????

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johanna van Brederode ± 1455–????

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joost van Brederode ± 1457–????

paragraph: Reinoud had the following children with Yolanda, his second wife:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josina van Brederode ± 1458–????

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johanna van Brederode ± 1459–????

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walravina van Brederode ± 1460–± 1500

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna van Brederode ± 1461–????

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walraven II van Brederode 1462–1531, successor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frans van Brederode 1465–± 1490

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande van Brederode ± 1467–????

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography the "Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek." Part 10 (1937) (Dutch)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johannes a Leydis, Opusculum de gestis regalium abbatum monasterii sancti Athalberti ordinis sancti Benedicti in Egmonda (written between 1477 and 1484).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Willem Procurator, (translated by M. Gumbert-Hepp; J.P. Gumbert (ed.), Kroniek. Hilversum, Publisher Verloren, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nederlandsche leeuw 1960.

description: Lord of Vianen, Ameide, Lexmond, Hei- en Boeicop, Meerkerk, Tienhoven and Twaalfhoven

wikidata_label: Reinoud II van Brederode

wikipedia_title: Reinoud II van Brederode


text: Louis-Emmanuel Jadin

text: Versailles

text: Rondo

text: Concert Spirituel

text: Theatre Feydeau

text: Lille

text: besieged by Austrian forces

text: Louis XVI

text: Paris Conservatoire

text: Franz Schubert

text: Romanticism

text: Classical

text: Piano Concerto

text: accompanied

text: violin

text: viola

text: double bass

text: flute

text: oboe

text: bassoon

text: horns

text: Charles Le Brun

text: Théodore Désorgues

text: comédie mêlée d'ariettes

text: libretto

text: François Guillaume Ducray-Duminil

text: fait historique

text: André-Pépin Bellement

text: Rondo

text: Piano (or Harpsichord) Sonata

text: Duo

text: String Quartet

text: String Trio

text: (Rodolphe?) Kreutzer

text: siège de Lille

text: harp

text: harpsichord

categories: String quartet composers,French male classical composers,French conductors (music),French music educators,1800 deaths,18th-century conductors (music),18th-century keyboardists,People from Versailles,19th-century deaths from tuberculosis,18th-century classical composers,Infectious disease deaths in France,French classical pianists,1776 births,Classical-period composers,French classical composers,French male pianists,French male conductors (music)

paragraph: Hyacinthe Jadin

paragraph: Hyacinthe Jadin (April 27, 1776 – September 27, 1800) was a French composer who came from a musical family. His uncle Georges Jadin was a composer in Versailles and Paris, along with his father Jean Jadin, who had played bassoon for the French Royal Orchestra. He was one of five musical brothers, the best known of whom was Louis-Emmanuel Jadin.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Jadin was born in Versailles. At the age of 9, Jadin's first composition, a "Rondo" for piano, was published in the "Journal de Clavecin." By the age of thirteen, Jadin had premiered his first work with the Concert Spirituel.

paragraph: Jadin took a job in 1792 as assistant rehearsal pianist ("Rezizativbegleiter") at the Theatre Feydeau. In this year he composed the "Marche du siège de Lille" ("March of the Siege of Lille"), commemorating the successful resistance of the citizens of Lille when besieged by Austrian forces.

paragraph: In 1794, Jadin published an overture for 13 wind instruments entitled "Hymn to the 21st of January". The piece commemorated the one-year anniversary of the execution of Citizen Capet (the name given to Louis XVI during his trial for treason). In 1795, he began teaching a female piano class at the Paris Conservatoire.

paragraph: From 1795 until his death Jadin suffered from tuberculosis. At the time of his death, he was impoverished.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: While chamber music formed a large part of Jadin's creative career, he is most well known for his progressive style of piano composition. Jadin's works anticipated the music of Franz Schubert; his piano sonatas in particular display a proto-Romanticism, which in parts both rejected and extended the heritage of his Classical predecessors.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Orchestra.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Concerto No. 1 (1796–97)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro brillante

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Rondeau - Allegretto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Concerto No. 2 in D minor (1796), accompanied by 2 violins, viola, double bass, flutes, oboes, bassoons, and horns

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Rondo - Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Concerto No. 3 in A (1798), accompanied by 2 violins, viola, double bass, 2 flutes, 2 bassoons, and 2 horns

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Rondo - Allegro

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Concert band.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ouverture pour instruments à vent" (c. 1795)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Wind band with chorus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hymne du vingt-un janvier" (1794), based on text by Charles Le Brun

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chanson pour la fête de l'agriculture" (1796), based on text by Ange Etienne Xavier Poisson de Lachabeaussière

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hymne du dix germinal", based on text by Théodore Désorgues

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Stage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le testament mal-entendu" (1793), "comédie mêlée d'ariettes" in 2 acts, libretto by François Guillaume Ducray-Duminil

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cange ou Le commissionnaire de Lazare" (1794), "fait historique" in 1 act, libretto by André-Pépin Bellement

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Piano.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rondo (1785)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano (or Harpsichord) Sonata No. 1 in D (1794), accompanied by violin

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Andantino un poco allegretto

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Menuet: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Final: Presto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano (or Harpsichord) Sonata No. 2 in B-flat (1794), accompanied by violin

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro fieramente

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Rondo: Allegretto non tropo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano (or Harpsichord) Sonata No. 3 in F minor (1794), accompanied by violin

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegretto poco agitato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Menuet: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Rondo: Allegro non tropo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonatas, op. 3 nos. 1-3 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonata in B-flat, op. 4 no. 1 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Andante

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Finale: Presto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonata in F-sharp minor, op. 4 no. 2 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro motto

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Menuet - Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Finale: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, op. 4 no. 3 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Rondeau: Allegretto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonata in F minor, op. 5 no. 1 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Final: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonata in D, op. 5 no. 2 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Andante

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Final: Presto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonata in C minor, op. 5 no. 3 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro maestoso

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Andante

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duo in F (1796), for four hands

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro brillante

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Andante

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Rondo: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonata in C minor, op. 6 no. 1 (1800)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Andante sostenuto

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Final: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonata in A, op. 6 no. 2 (1800)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Andante

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Rondeau: Allegretto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Sonata in F, op. 6 no. 3 (1800)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Allegro assai

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Chamber.

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartets for 2 violins, viola, and violoncello

paragraph: BULLET::::- B-flat, op. 1 no. 1 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Largo - Allegro non troppo

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Menuet - Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Finale - Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- A, op. 1 no. 2 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Menuet - Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Pastoral Andante

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Finale

paragraph: BULLET::::- F minor, op. 1 no. 3 (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Menuet

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Polonaise

paragraph: BULLET::::- E-flat, op. 2 no. 1 (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Largo - allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Menuetto

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Allegro Finale

paragraph: BULLET::::- B minor, op. 2 no. 2 (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Menuetto

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Adagio non troppo

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Allegro Finale

paragraph: BULLET::::- C, op. 2 no. 3 (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Andante

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Menuetto

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Presto Finale

paragraph: BULLET::::- C, op. 3 no. 1 (1797)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Menuette - Andante

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Presto Finale

paragraph: BULLET::::- E, op. 3 no. 2 (1797)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Menuet

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- A minor, op. 3 no. 3 (1797)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Menuet

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Finale

paragraph: BULLET::::- G, op. 4 no. 1 (1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Rondo Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- F, op. 4 no. 2 (1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro non troppo

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Minuetto Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Adagio molto

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Allegro assai

paragraph: BULLET::::- D, op. 4 no. 3 (1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Largo - Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Minuetto

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Andante

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Finale Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Trios books 1 & 2 for violin, viola, and violoncello.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Opus 2, 1797 dedicated 'a son ami (Rodolphe?) Kreutzer' for 'Violon, Alto et Basse':

paragraph: BULLET::::- E flat major, op. 2 no. 1

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro moderato

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Menuet

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Siciliane

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Finale: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- G major, op. 2 no. 2

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Menuet

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Finale: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- F major, op. 2 no. 3

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Menuet: Andante/ Trio: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Adagio

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Rondeau: Allegro

paragraph: BULLET::::- IMSLP also lists a set of three string trios, Opus 1a -First Published 1790, dedicated to 'Son ami Montbeillard' for the combination of 2 violins & bass.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Vocal.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marche du siège de Lille" (1792) for voice and piano (or harp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romance à la lune" (1796) for voice and piano (or harp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le tombeau de Sophie" (1796) for voice and harpsichord (or harp)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Castinel, N. "Aube d'une vie musicale sous la révolution: la vie et l'oeuvre de Hyacinthe Jadin 1776-1800". Lyon, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Fuller, “Hyacinthe Jadin (1776-1800)”, Composers’ short biographies, https://web.archive.org/web/20070222061440/http://members.klosterneuburg.net/handerle/COMPOSER.HTM#JADIN

description: French composer

wikidata_label: Hyacinthe Jadin

wikipedia_title: Hyacinthe Jadin


text: Assyrian

text: Assyria

text: Tiglath-Pileser III

text: Shalmaneser V

text: Kingdom of Israel

text: Babylon

text: Babylonia

text: Hammurabi

text: regnal number

text: Sargon I

text: Sargon the Elder

text: Tiglath-Pileser III

text: Shalmaneser V

text: Sennacherib

text: grand vizier

text: Marduk-apla-iddina II

text: Der

text: Humban-Nikash I

text: détente

text: Syro-Hittite state

text: Carchemish

text: Euphrates

text: Mannaeans

text: Iranzu

text: Urartu

text: Parsua

text: Media

text: Urartu

text: Ashur

text: Assur

text: Louvre

text: bas-relief

text: Dur-Sharrukin

text: Cimmerians

text: steppe

text: Lake Urmia

text: Zikirti

text: Caspian

text: Caucasus

text: Rusa I

text: Lake Urmia

text: Lake Urmia

text: Mannaea

text: Assyria

text: Urartian kings

text: Assyria

text: Van

text: Lake Van

text: Urartu

text: Hubushkia

text: Nairi

text: Assyria

text: Haldi

text: Musasir

text: Tigris

text: Paul-Émile Botta

text: Paris

text: Tabal

text: Cilicia

text: Persian

text: Mede

text: Gurgum

text: Ashdod

text: Judah

text: Moab

text: Edom

text: Egypt

text: Kingdom of Israel

text: Samaria

text: Ten Lost Tribes

text: Bible

text: Samaritans

text: Shalmaneser V

text: Book of Isaiah

text: Ashdod

text: Babylonia

text: Marduk-apla-iddina II

text: Elam

text: Dūr-Athara

text: Naqi'a

text: Euphrates

text: Suti

text: Greek

text: Cyprus

text: Midas

text: Phrygia

text: Cimmerians

text: Commagene

text: Dur-Sharrukin

text: Tabal

text: Sennacherib

text: Kings of Assyria

text: Annals of Sargon

text: Sargon Stele

text: Urartu–Assyria War

text: Sargon’s VIII Campaign

text: Sargon II, king of Assyria (721-705 BC)

categories: Babylonian kings,Assyrian kings,Kings of the Universe,Year of birth unknown,705 BC deaths,Monarchs of the Hebrew Bible,8th-century BC rulers,8th-century BC Babylonian kings,8th-century BC Assyrian kings,Samaritan culture and history

paragraph: Sargon II

paragraph: Sargon II (Assyrian ; Aramaic ; reigned 722–705 BC) was an Assyrian king.

paragraph: A son of Tiglath-Pileser III, he came to power relatively late in life, possibly by usurping the throne from his older brother, Shalmaneser V. Sargon II suppressed rebellions, conquered the Kingdom of Israel, and, in 710 BC, conquered the Kingdom of Babylon, thus reuniting Assyria with its southern rival, Babylonia, from which it had been separate since the death of Hammurabi in 1750 BC.

paragraph: The Neo-Assyrian pronunciation of the name was presumably /sargi:n(u)/ or /sarga:n(u)/; the spelling "Sargon" is based on the Biblical form of the name (סרגון), mentioned in Isaiah 20:1.

paragraph: The regnal number is modern, applied for disambiguation from the Old Assyrian king Sargon I and the still-older Akkadian ruler Sargon the Elder.

paragraph: Section::::Early reign.

paragraph: Sargon II was a son of Tiglath-Pileser III and appears to have seized the throne from his brother, Shalmaneser V, in a violent coup. Sargon was already middle-aged when he came to the throne, and was assisted by his son, the crown prince, Sennacherib. Sargon's brother, Sinahusur, served as his grand vizier.

paragraph: Section::::Military campaigns.

paragraph: Sargon was beset with widespread rebellions by the beginning of his rule. Marduk-apla-iddina II, a chieftain of the Chaldean tribes in the marshes of the south, declared himself king of Babylon and was crowned king in 721 BC. In 720 BC, Sargon and Marduk-apla-iddina met in battle on the plains east of Babylon, near the city of Der. Marduk-apla-iddina was supported by the Elamite king Humban-Nikash I. The Elamite troops were able to push back the Assyrian army, and he retained control of the south and the title of king of Babylon. The three kings concluded a treaty to stabilize their relationship, a détente that would last ten years.

paragraph: In 717 BC, the Syro-Hittite state of Carchemish on the upper Euphrates rebelled. Carchemish was a small kingdom situated at an important Euphrates crossing. Sargon violated existing treaties in attacking the city, but with the wealth seized was able to continue to fund his army.

paragraph: In 716 BC he moved against the Mannaeans, where the ruler Aza, son of Iranzu, had been deposed by Ullusunu with the help of the Urartuans. Sargon took the capital Izirtu, and stationed troops in Parsua and Kar-Nergal (Kishesim). He built new bases in Media as well, the main one being Harhar which he renamed Kar-Sharrukin. In 715 BC, others were to follow: Kar-Nabu, Kar-Sin and Kar-Ishtar — all named after Babylonian gods and resettled by Assyrian subjects.

paragraph: The eighth campaign of Sargon against Urartu in 714 BC is well known from a letter from Sargon to the god Ashur (found in the town of Assur, now in the Louvre) and the "bas-reliefs" in the palace of Dur-Sharrukin. The reliefs show the difficulties of the terrain: the war-chariots had to be dismantled and carried by soldiers (with the king still in the chariot); the letter describes how paths had to be cut into the intractable forests. The campaign was probably motivated by the fact that the Urartians had been weakened by incursions of the Cimmerians, a nomadic steppe tribe. One Urartian army had been completely annihilated, and the general Qaqqadanu taken prisoner.

paragraph: After reaching Lake Urmia, he turned east and entered Zikirti and Andia on the Caspian slopes of the Caucasus. When news reached him that king Rusa I was moving against him, he turned back to Lake Urmia in forced marches and defeated a Urartian army in a steep valley of the "Uaush" (probably the Sahend, east of Lake Urmia, or further to the south, in Mannaea country), a steep mountain that reached the clouds and whose flanks were covered by snow. The battle is described as the usual carnage, but King Rusas managed to escape. The horses of his chariot had been killed by Assyrian spears, forcing him to ride a mare in order to get away, very unbecoming for a king.

paragraph: Sargon plundered the fertile lands at the southern and western shore of Lake Urmia, felling orchards and burning the harvest. In the royal resort of Ulhu, the wine-cellar of the Urartian kings was plundered; wine was scooped up like water. The Assyrian army then plundered Sangibuti and marched north to Van without meeting resistance, the people having retreated to their castles or fled into the mountains, having been warned by fire-signals. Sargon claims to have destroyed 430 empty villages.

paragraph: After reaching Lake Van, Sargon left Urartu via Uaiaish. In Hubushkia he received the tribute of the ""Nairi"" lands. While most of the army returned to Assyria, Sargon went on to sack the Urartian temple of the god Haldi and his wife Bagbartu at Musasir (Ardini). The loot must have been impressive; its description takes up fifty columns in the letter to Ashur. More than one ton of gold and five tons of silver fell into the hands of the Assyrians; 334,000 objects in total. A relief from Dur-Sharrukin depicted the sack of Musasir as well (which fell into the Tigris in 1846 when the archaeologist Paul-Émile Botta was transporting his artifacts to Paris). Musasir was annexed. Sargon claims to have lost only one charioteer, two horsemen and three couriers on this occasion. King Rusa was said to be despondent when he heard of the loss of Musasir, and fell ill. According to the imperial annals, he took his own life with his own iron sword.

paragraph: In 713 BC, Sargon stayed at home; his troops took, among others, Karalla, Tabal and Cilicia. Persian and Mede rulers offered tribute. In 711 BC, Gurgum was conquered. An uprising in the Philistine city of Ashdod, supported by Judah, Moab, Edom and Egypt, was suppressed, and Philistia became an Assyrian province.

paragraph: Section::::Military campaigns.:Conquest of Israel.

paragraph: Under his rule, the Assyrians completed the defeat of the Kingdom of Israel, capturing Samaria after a siege of three years and exiling the inhabitants. This became the basis of the legends of the Ten Lost Tribes. According to the Bible, other people were brought to Samaria, the Samaritans, under his predecessor Shalmaneser V (2 Kings 18). Sargon's name actually appears in the Bible only once, in the Book of Isaiah, which records the Assyrian capture of Ashdod in 711 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Military campaigns.:Campaign against Babylonia.

paragraph: In 710 BC, Sargon felt safe enough in his rule to move against his Babylonian arch-enemy Marduk-apla-iddina II. One army moved against Elam and its new king Shutur-Nahhunte II to prevent them from supplying aid to Marduk-apla-iddina; the other, under Sargon himself, proceeded against Babylon. Sargon first moved against Dūr-Athara which he renamed Dūr-Nabû and made the capital of the new province of Gambalu. He then laid siege to Babylon, and Marduk-apla-iddina II fled. Sargon claimed that he entered Babylon at the request of the priests and civil servants. Babylon yielded to Sargon and he was proclaimed king of Babylonia in 710, thus restoring the dual monarchy of Babylonia and Assyria. He remained in Babylon for three years; in 709 BC, he led the new-year procession as king of Babylon.

paragraph: Marduk-apla-iddina attempted to flee to Elam but the king forbade him entry. Taking hostages from Ur, Uruk, and other towns, he went to his ancestral city of Dūr-Yakin which he further fortified by adding to the walls and digging a canal from the Euphrates to flood the surrounding area. In 709 BC, Sargon's troops gained a victory outside the city but could not take Dūr-Yakin, where Marduk-apla-iddina had fled. A negotiated settlement was reached whereby Sargon would spare Marduk-apla-iddina's life provided the city walls were demolished. It is not clear whether they were, since two years later, Sargon returned to take them down himself.

paragraph: Sargon had his son, crown-prince Sennacherib, married to the Aramean noblewoman Naqi'a, and stayed in the south to pacify the Aramaic and Chaldean tribes of the lower Euphrates as well as the Suti nomads. Some areas in Elam were occupied as well.

paragraph: Section::::Later reign.

paragraph: In 710 BC, the seven Greek kings of "Ia"' (Cyprus) had accepted Assyrian sovereignty; in 709, Midas, king of Phrygia, beset by the nomadic Cimmerians, submitted to Assyrian rule and in 708 BC, Kummuhu (Commagene) became an Assyrian province. Assyria was at the apogee of its power. Urartu had almost succumbed to the Cimmerians, Elam was weakened, Marduk-apla-iddina II was powerless, and the Egyptian influence in the Levant had been thwarted.

paragraph: Section::::Later reign.:Building projects.

paragraph: Dur-Sharrukin ("Fort Sargon") was constructed as a new capital city by Sargon II shortly after he came to the throne in 721 BC. The city measured about a square mile in area. It was enclosed within a great wall of unbaked brick pierced by seven gates. Protective genies were placed on either side of these entrances to act as guardians. The palace was richly decorated with relief-carved stone slabs.

paragraph: The land in the environs of the town was taken under cultivation, and olive groves were planted to increase Assyria's deficient oil production. The town was of rectangular layout and measured 1760 by 1635 m. The length of the walls was 16,283 Assyrian units, corresponding to the numerical value of Sargon's name. The town was partly settled by prisoners of war and deportees under the control of Assyrian officials, who had to ensure they were paying sufficient respect to the gods and the king. The court moved to Dur-Sharrukin in 706 BC, although it was not completely finished.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In 705 BC, Sargon was killed while leading a campaign to Tabal, against 'Gurdi the Kulummaean', which had rebelled against Assyrian rule seven years prior. His body was never recovered. Sargon was succeeded by his son Sennacherib ("Sin-ahhe-eriba)".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kings of Assyria

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annals of Sargon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sargon Stele

paragraph: BULLET::::- Urartu–Assyria War

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victor Avigdor Hurowitz, ""Shutting Up" the Enemy: Literary Gleanings from Sargon's Eighth Campaign," in Mordechai Cogan and Dan'el Kahn (eds), "Treasures on Camels' Humps: Historical and Literary Studies from the Ancient Near East Presented to Israel Eph'al" (Jerusalem, Magnes Press, 2008),

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Great Inscription of Khorsaband. Babilonian and Assyrian Literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sargon’s VIII Campaign

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sargon II, king of Assyria (721-705 BC)

description: King of Assyria in late 8th century BC

wikidata_label: Sargon II

wikipedia_title: Sargon II


text:
Basileus
Macedonia
Roman Republic
First
Second Macedonian War
Roman-Seleucid War
Alexander the Great
Polybius
Demetrius II
Apame
Antigonus Doson
Dardani
Corinth
Aetolia
Sparta
Elis
Roman
Adriatic
Lato
Illyria
Lissus
treaty
Hannibal
Carthaginian
Sparta
Aetolian League
Attalus I of Pergamum
Philopoemen
strategos
Achaean League
Thermum
Aetolia
shield
stoa
Gauls
gold
Aetolians
Peace of Phoenice
Seleucid
Antiochus III
Ptolemy V
Aegean Sea
Anatolia
Pergamum
Rhodes
Chios
Miletus
Macedon
Thessaly
Battle of Cynoscephalae
Roman legion
phalanx formation
talents
indemnity
Nabis
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
Thrace
Pergamon
Balkans
Perseus
Amphipolis
Perseus
Macedon
Polybius
"Histories"
Evelyn S. Shuckburgh
Philip V

categories: 2nd-century BC Macedonian monarchs,238 BC births,Ancient Macedonian monarchs,First Macedonian War,2nd-century BC rulers in Europe,3rd-century BC Macedonians,Second Macedonian War,3rd-century BC Greek people,179 BC deaths,3rd-century BC rulers,2nd-century BC Macedonians,2nd-century BC Greek people,3rd-century BC Macedonian monarchs,3rd-century BC births

paragraph: Philip V of Macedon

paragraph: Philip V (; 238–179 BC) was king (Basileus) of the ancient Kingdom of Macedonia from 221 to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by an unsuccessful struggle with the emerging power of the Roman Republic. He would lead Macedon against Rome in the First and Second Macedonian Wars, losing both but allying with Rome in the Roman-Seleucid War towards the end of his reign.

paragraph: Philip was attractive and charismatic as a young man. A dashing and courageous warrior, he was inevitably compared to Alexander the Great and was nicknamed "beloved of the Hellenes" () because he became, as Polybius put it, "...the beloved of the Hellenes for his charitable inclination".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The son of Demetrius II and Chryseis, Philip was nine years old at his father's death in 229 BC. He had an elder paternal half sister called Apame. His cousin, Antigonus Doson, administered the kingdom as regent until his death in 221 BC when Philip was seventeen years old.

paragraph: On his ascent to the throne, Philip quickly showed that while he was young, this did not mean that Macedon was weak. In the first year of his rule, he pushed back the Dardani and other tribes in the north of the kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::The Social War.

paragraph: In the Social War (220–217 BC), the Hellenic League of Greek states was assembled at Philip V’s instigation in Corinth. He then led the Hellenic League in battles against Aetolia, Sparta and Elis. In this way he was able to increase his own authority amongst his own ministers. His leadership during the Social War made him well-known and respected both within his own kingdom and abroad.

paragraph: Section::::First Macedonian War.

paragraph: After the Peace of Naupactus in 217 BC, Philip V tried to replace Roman influence along the eastern shore of the Adriatic, forming alliances or lending patronage to certain island and coastal provinces such as Lato on Crete. He first tried to invade Illyria from the sea, but with limited success. His first expedition in 216 BC had to be aborted, while he suffered the loss of his whole fleet in a second expedition in 214 BC. A later expedition by land met with greater success when he captured Lissus in 212 BC.

paragraph: In 215 BC, he entered into a treaty with Hannibal, the Carthaginian general then in the middle of an invasion of Roman Italy. Their treaty defined spheres of operation and interest, but achieved little of substance or value for either side. Philip became heavily involved in assisting and protecting his allies from attacks from the Spartans, the Romans and their allies.

paragraph: Rome's alliance with the Aetolian League in 211 BC effectively neutralised Philip's advantage on land. The intervention of Attalus I of Pergamum on the Roman side further exposed Philip's position in Macedonia. Philip was able to take advantage of the withdrawal of Attalus from the Greek mainland in 207 BC, along with Roman inactivity and the increasing role of Philopoemen, the strategos of the Achaean League. Philip and his troops sacked Thermum, the religious and political centre of Aetolia. His troops destroyed 2,000 statues and hauled away vast sums of treasure which included some fifteen thousand shields and suits of arms the Aetolians had decorated their stoas with. These shields were the armor taken from the enemies of the Aetolians during their previous military victories and included the shields of the Gauls who had raided Greece in the 3rd century BC. Philip V took immense sums of gold and treasures and then burned down temples and public buildings of the Aetolians. Philip was able to force the Aetolians to accept his terms in 206 BC. The following year he was able to conclude the Peace of Phoenice with Rome and its allies.

paragraph: Section::::Expansion in the Aegean.

paragraph: Following an agreement with the Seleucid king Antiochus III to capture Egyptian held territory from the boy king Ptolemy V, Philip was able to gain control of Egyptian territory in the Aegean Sea and in Anatolia.

paragraph: This expansion of Macedonian influence created alarm in a number of neighbouring states, including Pergamum and Rhodes. Their navies clashed with Philip’s off Chios and Lade (near Miletus) in 201 BC. At around the same time, the Romans were finally the victors over Carthage.

paragraph: Section::::Second Macedonian War.

paragraph: In 200 BC, with Carthage no longer a threat, the Romans declared war on Macedon, arguing that they were intervening to protect the freedom of the Greeks. After campaigns in Macedonia in 199 BC and Thessaly in 198 BC, Philip and his Macedonian forces were decisively defeated at the Battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BC. The war also proved the superiority of the Roman legion over the Greek phalanx formation.

paragraph: Section::::Alliance with Rome.

paragraph: The resulting peace treaty between Philip V and the Romans confined Philip to Macedonia and required him to pay 1000 talents indemnity, surrender most of his fleet and provide a number of hostages, including his younger son Demetrius. After this, Philip cooperated with the Romans and sent help to them in their fight against the Spartans under King Nabis in 195 BC. Philip also supported the Romans against Antiochus III (192–189 BC).

paragraph: In return for his help when Roman forces under Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus and his brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus moved through Macedon and Thrace in 190 BC, the Romans forgave the remaining indemnity that he had to pay and his son Demetrius was freed. Philip then focused on consolidating power within Macedon. He reorganised the country's internal affairs and finances, mines were reopened, and a new currency was issued.

paragraph: Section::::Final years.

paragraph: However, Rome continued to be suspicious of Philip's intentions. Accusations by Macedon's neighboring states, particularly Pergamon, led to constant interference from Rome. Feeling the threat growing that Rome would invade Macedon and remove him as king, he tried to extend his influence in the Balkans by force and diplomacy. However, his efforts were undermined by the pro-Roman policy of his younger son Demetrius, who was encouraged by Rome to consider the possibility of succession ahead of his older brother, Perseus. This eventually led to a quarrel between Perseus and Demetrius which forced Philip to decide reluctantly to execute Demetrius for treason in 180 BC. This decision had a severe impact on Philip's health and he died a year later at Amphipolis.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his eldest son Perseus, who ruled as the last king of Macedon.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polybius, "Histories", Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).

paragraph: Section::::References.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Oxford Classical Dictionary (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Oxford History of the Classical World (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Oxford Who's Who in the Classical World (2000)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip V entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

description: king of Macedon

wikidata_label: Philip V of Macedon

wikipedia_title: Philip V of Macedon


text: stage name

text: screenwriter

text: actor

text: comedian

text: film director

text: television director

text: playwright

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: author

text: Chespirito

text: El Chavo del Ocho

text: El Chapulín Colorado

text: Gustavo Díaz Ordaz

text: Mexico City

text: Guanajuato, Guanajuato

text: Oaxaca

text: Zacatecas

text: Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños

text: first cousin once removed

text: Horacio Gómez Bolaños

text: El Chavo del Ocho

text: boxer

text: engineering

text: National Autonomous University of Mexico

text: William Shakespeare

text: Spanish

text: sketch comedy

text: Ramón Valdés

text: María Antonieta de las Nieves

text: Rubén Aguirre

text: El Chavo del Ocho

text: El Chapulín Colorado

text: Televisa

text: superhero

text: The Simpsons

text: Matt Groening

text: Bumblebee Man

text: United States–Mexico border

text: cultural icon

text: Latin America

text: telenovela

text: Calle 13

text: Voltio

text: derriere

text: Los Supergenios de la Mesa Cuadrada

text: Citizen Kane

text: El Chapulín Colorado

text: Rubén Aguirre

text: Ramón Valdés

text: Edgar Vivar

text: Florinda Meza

text: El Chavo del Ocho

text: Florinda Meza

text: Cicero, Illinois

text: campaigns of 2000

text: National Action Party

text: Vicente Fox

text: Felipe Calderón

text: 2012 race

text: Josefina Vázquez Mota

text: RCN

text: Soacha

text: Mexico City

text: Auditorio Nacional

text: Armando Manzanero

text: Thalía

text: Ximena Navarrete

text: Marco Antonio Regil

text: Juan Gabriel

text: Diego Verdaguer

text: Gian Marco

text: Pandora

text: Reik

text: Yo Soy 132

text: Edgar Vivar

text: Jean-Jacques Perrey

text: El Chavo del Ocho

text: El Chapulin Colorado

text: Televisa

text: heart failure

text: Parkinson's disease

text: Cancún

text: Quintana Roo

text: George Lopez

text: Eugenio Derbez

text: Carlos Villagran

text: Edgar Vivar

text: Ruben Aguirre

text: Maria Antonieta de las Nieves

text: Panteón Francés

text: Aztec Stadium

text: cartoons

text: El Chavo Animado

text: El Chavo

text: El Chapulin Colorado

text: Dos locos en escena

text: El Chanfle

text: El Chanfle 2

text: Los legionarios

text: Angelitos del trapecio

text: Los tigres del desierto

text: El dolor de pagar la renta

text: Pegando con tubo

text: Los astronautas

text: Los reyes del volante

text: Un novio para dos hermanas

text: El camino de los espantos

text: El Chanfle

text: Los legionarios

text: Official website

text: Episodes guide, videos, collectibles, etc

text: El Chavo Online Memorial

categories: Chespirito actors,Mexican people of Spanish descent,Comedians from Mexico City,Mexican male comedians,2014 deaths,1929 births,Mexican male composers,Male songwriters,National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni,Mexican television directors,Male actors from Mexico City,Mexican songwriters,Mexican male film actors,Mexican male television actors

paragraph: Chespirito

paragraph: Roberto Gómez Bolaños (21 February 1929 – 28 November 2014), more commonly known by his stage name Chespirito, or "Little Shakespeare" was a Mexican screenwriter, actor, comedian, film director, television director, playwright, singer, songwriter, and author. He is widely regarded as the most important Spanish-language humorist of all time.

paragraph: He was internationally known for writing, directing, and starring in the "Chespirito" (1970-1973, 1980-1995), "El Chavo del Ocho" (1973-1980), and "El Chapulín Colorado" (1973-1979) television series. The character of "El Chavo" is one of the most iconic in the history of Latin American television, and "El Chavo del Ocho" continues to be immensely popular, with daily worldwide viewership averaging 91 million viewers per episode.

paragraph: He is also a nephew of late president Gustavo Díaz Ordaz since Chespirito's mother was the president's cousin.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Roberto Gómez Bolaños was born in Mexico City. His father, Francisco Gómez Linares (c. 1892 – 7 September 1935), was a painter and a cartoonist from the city of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, who died of a stroke at the age of 43. His mother, Elsa Bolaños Cacho (4 April 1902 – 22 December 1968), was a bilingual secretary (fluent in both Spanish and English) from the city of Oaxaca, the youngest child of Ramón Bolaños Cacho, a military doctor, and his Zacatecas-born wife, María Aguilar. Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños was his first cousin once removed. He had an older brother, Francisco (1926–2010), a younger brother, Horacio Gómez Bolaños, who would portray the character Godínez in "El Chavo del Ocho", and an even older half brother, product of one of his father's liaisons with another woman.

paragraph: Before becoming an actor, Gómez was an amateur boxer. He studied engineering at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), but did not graduate, as he admitted to having a misconception of what engineering actually did. He wrote a number of plays, and contributed dialogue for scripts of films and television shows in Mexico, as well as some character acting work before he became famous. His stage name, "Chespirito", was given to him by a producer during Gómez Bolaños' first years as a writer, and was concocted from the Spanish phonetic pronunciation of William Shakespeare — "Chespir" — combined with "ito," a diminutive commonly used in Spanish, ergo "Shakespearito", meaning "small Shakespeare".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Chespirito was discovered as an actor while he was waiting in line to apply for a job as a writer, and soon he began writing and starring in his children's comedy shows. Chespirito's first show was "Los Supergenios de la Mesa Cuadrada", a sketch comedy show that premiered in 1968; the show also starred Ramón Valdés, María Antonieta de las Nieves and Rubén Aguirre. "Los Supergenios" was later renamed "Chespirito y la Mesa Cuadrada", and later "Chespirito"; characters like "El Chavo", "El Chapulín" and "Dr. Chapatín" were introduced in this show (1972, 1970 and 1968 respectively).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:"El Chavo del Ocho" and "El Chapulín Colorado".

paragraph: His best known roles were in the shows "El Chavo del Ocho" and "El Chapulín Colorado". Both series premiered in 1973, and were based on sketches of the same name from "Los Supergenios". The shows were produced by Mexican TV network Televisa, and aired in 124 countries. Other shows produced by and starring Chespirito were the short-lived "La Chicharra" from 1979, and a second version of "Chespirito" from 1980–1995.

paragraph: In "El Chavo," Chespirito played an 8-year-old boy who often took refuge inside a wooden rain barrel in a Mexican neighborhood, and in "El Chapulín Colorado" he played a good-hearted superhero who gets involved in humorous situations. "The Simpsons" creator Matt Groening has said that he created the Bumblebee Man character after watching "El Chapulín Colorado" in a motel on the United States–Mexico border.

paragraph: "El Chavo" and "El Chapulín Colorado" have become cultural icons all over Latin America and the United States, and have also aired in many countries worldwide.

paragraph: Roberto Gomez Bolanos was also noted as a composer. He started writing music as a hobby, and most of his early musical work was related to his comedy work, particularly featured in occasional "Chapulín Colorado" or "Chavo del Ocho" special episodes. Later works include the theme songs for various Mexican movies and telenovelas, such as "Alguna Vez Tendremos Alas" and "La Dueña". A comedy song by Chespirito, "Churi Churi Fun Flais", was slightly referenced by Puerto Rican rap duo Calle 13 in a pairing with fellow rapper Voltio, on their song "Chulin Culin Chunfly" (which used the made-up word "Culin", a reference to the female derriere, in substitution of the second "C") is also the creator of the theater comedy "Once y Doce" ("Eleven and Twelve"), the most successful theater comedy in Mexican history; it is still played occasionally.

paragraph: Section::::Works by Chespirito.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Supergenios de la Mesa Cuadrada" (1968–1973), renamed "Chespirito y la Mesa Cuadrada" in 1970, and simply "Chespirito" in 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Ciudadano Gómez" (1968–1969; 1973; 1994–1995), a parody of the Citizen Kane.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dr. Chapatín" (1968–1979; 1980–1995), one of the presenters of "Los Supergenios", also starred in sketches in the show, also appeared in the "El Chapulín Colorado" half-hour show of 1973–1979. He represents an old doctor that constantly has fights and confusions due to his old age and hitting the people with a paper bag whose contents were never revealed in-sketch. In an interview, Chespirito revealed that Dr. Chapatín carried in his bag all the bad feelings of the people, that is why it hurts a lot. Dr. Chapatín's character did a small cameo in the movies "El Chanfle", "El Chanfle 2","Don Ratón y Don Ratero" and "El Charrito".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chespirito (character)" (1968–1975; 1980–1986; 1991–1992; 1994–1995), occasionally starred sketches of the "Los Supergenios" as a "character".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Chapulín Colorado" (1970–1973; 1973–1979; 1980–1993), second most successful character of Bolaños; became a weekly half-hour show in 1973. A naive but brave superhero that always tries to help the people in problems.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Chifladitos" (1970–1972; 1980–1995), starred alongside Rubén Aguirre, one of the main sketches of the "Los Supergenios" until Aguirre left the show. Chespirito did Chaparron Bonaparte and Aguirre, Lucas Tañeda, as a pair of demented characters that ran in several confusions by the use of puns and the unexpected convulsions of Chaparron called "Chiripiorcas".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Caquitos" (1970–1975; 1980–1995) became the third most successful creation of Bolaños, sketches were created until 1975. Originally the pair was Chespirito as "Chómpiras" and Ramón Valdés as "Peterete". In the sketches of the 80s Chespirito show, Edgar Vivar took the place of Valdés, playing a new character named "El Botija", while Florinda Meza got a new character for the sketches: "La Chimoltrufia", Botija's wife. It became Chespirito's main act in the last years of his program due to being too old to perform his other characters.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Chiripiojos" (1972), is the family La Chimoltrufia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Chavo del Ocho" (1971–1973; 1973–1980; 1980–1992), created as immediate successor of "Los Chifladitos"; become a weekly half-hour show in 1973. Is about a poor kid that lives in a small neighborhood with other families that shares comic situations. It's Chespirito's most successful character.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Chicharra" (1979–1982), half-hour show that replaced "El Chapulín Colorado" in 1979. He tried to create something new with a reporter in a newspaper that happens to take the wrong news in the wrong place. The show's lead character, Vicente Chambon, originally appeared as part of "Chespirito" in its early days.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Don Calavera" (1994–1995), the last character created by Chespirito, appears only in the 1980–1995 version of the "Chespirito" show.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: On 19 November 2004, after 27 years together, he married actress and longtime companion Florinda Meza, who starred as Doña Florinda in "El Chavo". After show production was stopped for "El Chavo" and "El Chapulín", both toured Mexico and the rest of Latin America and the United States with different plays, sometimes playing the characters that made them famous.

paragraph: In 2003, "Chespirito" and Florinda Meza received the keys to the city of Cicero, Illinois.

paragraph: During Mexico's presidential campaigns of 2000 and 2006 he openly supported the National Action Party (PAN) by appearing in TV commercials and urging people to vote for the party's candidates: Vicente Fox and Felipe Calderón. For the 2012 race, he made public that he would vote for the PAN candidate, Josefina Vázquez Mota, but did not appear in a commercial.

paragraph: In 2007, he joined a campaign led by Catholics and conservatives against the legalization of abortion in Mexico City. He shared that while pregnant with him, his mother suffered an accident and the doctor advised her to get an abortion, she refused.

paragraph: He also wrote the books "El Diario de El Chavo del Ocho" ("Diary From the Kid from Number 8"), "...Y También Poemas" ("...And Poems Too") and "Sin Querer Queriendo: Memorias" ("Accidentally on Purpose: Memoirs").

paragraph: In 2009, he was also honored by the Colombian TV-channel RCN in which he received the keys of the municipality of Soacha; more than 20,000 people attended the homage.

paragraph: On 12 November 2009, he was admitted to a Mexico City hospital due to prostate complications, which required a simple surgery to treat. He was released from treatment the following day.

paragraph: On 29 February 2012, a celebration of Chespirito's life and work was held at the Auditorio Nacional. The special, titled "América celebra a Chespirito", was a multinational tribute that gathered a diverse group of actors, singers and fans from 17 nations. They included, among others: Armando Manzanero, Thalía, Ximena Navarrete, Marco Antonio Regil, Juan Gabriel, Diego Verdaguer, Gian Marco, Pandora, Reik and OV7. Chespirito's ill health was apparent, he was in a wheelchair and required oxygen tanks, and could not stay the entire program. Nonetheless, he expressed great emotion and gratitude for the tribute. The special was broadcast across the 17 participating nations the following 11 March.

paragraph: Over Twitter, Chespirito denounced the actions of the Yo Soy 132 movement after the takeover of Televisa Chapultepec following the 2012 election.

paragraph: In 2012, Chespirito was honored by his friends and former cast members, putting an end to many rumors that the comedian was dying. Even so, former colleagues such as Edgar Vivar expressed their concern publicly for Chespirito's poor health.

paragraph: Two themes from Jean-Jacques Perrey, "The Elephant Never Forgets" and "Baroque Hoedown" were used as the main themes for El Chavo del Ocho and El Chapulin Colorado. He and Mexican multimedia conglomerate Televisa were sued by the composers in 2009. The case was settled in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On 28 November 2014, Chespirito died from heart failure as a complication of Parkinson's disease at the age of 85, in Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Many Mexican celebrities and Chespirito's former co-stars took to Twitter to express their feelings and they sent their condolences to Chespirito's widow and family. Such celebrities and former co-stars included George Lopez, Eugenio Derbez, Carlos Villagran, Edgar Vivar, Ruben Aguirre and Maria Antonieta de las Nieves. Chespirito is widely regarded as one of the most renowned Spanish-language comedians of the 20th century.

paragraph: On 1 December 2014, he was buried at the Panteón Francés, in Mexico City, following a private funeral on Saturday and a public one held on Sunday at the Aztec Stadium, attended by about 40,000 fans. No one is able to visit his tomb since his widow wife does not authorize fans of his to visit it. A private security guard is present there along with a security camera at all times.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Chespirito has been described as one of the most recognized Mexican comedians of the 20th century as well as being well known and honored in all of Latin America. He has been honored for his creative writing, characters, comedic pick-up lines, and for his clean humor style. His television shows were broadcast throughout the world and have been translated into over 50 different languages. His TV shows have been made into cartoons since 2006 (El Chavo Animado with some other Chespirito characters appearing in the show). The animated El Chavo show has been translated into many other languages as well as English, Portuguese and French. An animated TV show based on another famous Chespirito character, El Chapulin Colorado, was announced in 2015. It aired the first episode online in April 13.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Films.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dos locos en escena" (1960) - Don Juan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dos criados malcriados" (1960) - El Maestro

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El mundo loco de los jóvenes" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Operación carambola" (1968) - Carlitos / Scorpio Leader's Deputy #1

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El zángano" (1968) - Psicologo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La princesa hippie" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La princesita y vagabunda" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Las tres magníficas" (1970) - Manolo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El amor de María Isabel" (1970) - Instructor manejo (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El cuerpazo del delito" (1970) - Goliath (segment "La Rebelde")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La hermana Trinquete" (1970) - Esposo de la turista gorda

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Chanfle" (1979) - El Chanfle

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Chanfle 2" (1982) - El Chanfle

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Don ratón y don ratero " (1983) - Ratón Pérez / Dr. Chapatín

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Charrito (film)|El Charrito" (1984) - Charrito

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Música de viento" (1988) - Quevedo

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Writer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los legionarios" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angelitos del trapecio" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vagabundo y millonario" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los tigres del desierto" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El dolor de pagar la renta" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los desenfrenados" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dos tontos y un loco" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Limosneros con garrote" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pegando con tubo" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "¡En peligro de muerte!" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los invisibles" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los astronautas" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los reyes del volante" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un novio para dos hermanas" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El camino de los espantos" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Operación carambola" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La princesa hippie" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fray Dólar" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "¡Ahí madre!" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Chanfle" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Chanfle II" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charrito" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Once y Doce" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "¡Que vivan los muertos!" (1998)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Composer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los legionarios" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tres lecciones de amor" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charrito" (1984)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Bibliography

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Episodes guide, videos, collectibles, etc

paragraph: BULLET::::- El Chavo Online Memorial

description: Mexican filmmaker

wikidata_label: Chespirito

wikipedia_title: Chespirito


text: Latinized

text: Despotate of Epirus

text: Epirus

text: Greek Macedonia

text: Thessaly

text: Greece

text: Nafpaktos

text: Michael I Komnenos Doukas

text: state of Epirus

text: Angelos

text: Doukas

text: Komnenos

text: Byzantine

text: Theodore Komnenos Doukas

text: hagiography

text: Theodora of Arta

text: Peloponnese

text: Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria

text: Battle of Klokotnitsa

text: Manuel Komnenos Doukas

text: Constantine Komnenos Doukas

text: Aetolia

text: Acarnania

text: fait accompli

text: Empire of Nicaea

text: Patriarch Germanus II

text: despotes

text: John III Doukas Vatatzes

text: Irene

text: John Komnenos Doukas

text: Thessaly

text: Frederick II Hohenstaufen

text: Greece

text: Michael Asen

text: Demetrios Angelos Doukass

text: Bithynia

text: Grand Domestic

text: Andronikos Palaiologos

text: Nikephoros

text: Theodora Petraliphaina

text: Pegae

text: Vodena

text: Prilep

text: Veles

text: Kastoria

text: Deabolis

text: John Glabas

text: Theodore Petraliphas

text: Kruja

text: Golem

text: Metropolitan of Naupaktos

text: John Xeros

text: Constantine Maliasenos

text: Larissa

text: Dyrrhachium

text: Servia

text: Manfred of Sicily

text: Corfu

text: William II Villehardouin

text: Macedonia

text: John Palaiologos

text: Michael VIII Palaiologos

text: Pelagonia

text: John Doukas

text: Ionian Islands

text: Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas

text: John I Doukas

text: Theodora of Arta

text: Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas

text: John Doukas

text: Helena Angelina Doukaina

text: Manfred of Sicily

text: Anna Komnene Doukaina

text: William II Villehardouin

text: Nicholas II of St Omer

text: Thebes

text: John I Doukas

categories: Medieval rulers of Thessaly,Despots of Epirus,Year of birth unknown,13th-century Byzantine people,1268 deaths,Eastern Orthodox monarchs,Christians of the Crusades,Komnenodoukas dynasty,Illegitimate children of despots of Epirus

paragraph: Michael II Komnenos Doukas

paragraph: Michael II Komnenos Doukas, Latinized as Comnenus Ducas (, "Mikhaēl II Komnēnos Doukas"), often called Michael Angelos in narrative sources, was from 1230 until his death in 1266/68 the ruler of the Despotate of Epirus, which included Epirus in northwestern Greece, the western part of Greek Macedonia and Thessaly, and western Greece as far south as Nafpaktos.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Michael was an illegitimate son of Michael I Komnenos Doukas, the founder of the state of Epirus. The historian Demetrios Polemis estimates that he was born in the early years of his father's reign (1205–15), probably in ca. 1206. Like most members of his family, originally descended from the Angelos family, he preferred the surname "Doukas", or the variant "Komnenos Doukas" (Κομνηνός ὁ Δούκας), but is also referred to by contemporary Byzantine historians as "Angelos".

paragraph: After his father's murder in 1215 and the succession of his uncle Theodore Komnenos Doukas, he went into exile. According to the hagiography of his later wife, St. Theodora of Arta, Theodore sent him and his mother to exile in the Peloponnese. After Theodore's defeat and capture by Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria at the Battle of Klokotnitsa, the throne in Thessalonica was now occupied by Theodore's brother Manuel Komnenos Doukas, who managed to escape from Klokotnitsa. His domain was reduced to the environs of the city, and his family's core territories in Epirus and Thessaly, as well as Dyrrhachium and Corfu, while his brother Constantine Komnenos Doukas in Aetolia and Acarnania recognized his suzerainty. As a son-in-law of Ivan Asen, Manual was allowed to maintain internal autonomy, but to all intents and purposes he was a client of the Bulgarian tsar. Michael seized the opportunity and returned to Epirus. Michael quickly succeeded, apparently with the support of the local population, in taking over control of the country. Manuel was forced to recognize the "fait accompli" under the pretence that Michael recognized his suzerainty, in token of which Manuel conferred him the title of Despot. In reality Michael was fully independent, and very quickly ceased to acknowledge Manuel's suzerainty; by 1236, he had seized Corfu. Michael II secured the support of local notables by marrying Theodora Petraliphaina, and established a close relationship with the Empire of Nicaea. In 1238, Michael was visited by the Nicaean Patriarch Germanus II and in 1249 he received the court dignity of despotes from Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes.

paragraph: In 1237 Theodore was released by Ivan Asen, who married his daughter, Irene. Theodore returned to Thessalonica, where he easily deposed his brother Manuel and installed his son John Komnenos Doukas as emperor (without a coronation ceremony), but remained the real ruler of the empire in his son's name. The deposed Manuel was sent to exile, but in 1239 he returned with Nicaean aid in an attempt to take back Thessalonica. In the event, an agreement to partition the family possessions was reached: Theodore and John remained in control of Thessalonica, while Manuel received Thessaly. Michael in Epirus was not part of his uncles' agreement, and continued to pursue his own policies independently. In this context he sent an embassy to Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen in December 1239, presumably to secure his assistance against his uncles. In 1241 Manuel died, Michael moved in quickly to occupy Thessaly before either of his remaining uncles could react. Michael II's relations with Nicaea ensured his neutrality during the conflict in which John III Doukas Vatatzes conquered Thessalonica and penetrated into northern Greece in 1244–46.

paragraph: In autumn 1246, John III Doukas Vatatzes exploited the accession of the underage Michael Asen (r. 1246–57) to the Bulgarian throne to attack Bulgaria. Within three months, he captured most of Thrace and all of eastern and northern Macedonia. Michael II also took advantage of the opportunity to expand into Albania and northwestern Macedonia. At the close of this campaign, Vatatzes turned on Thessalonica, which he captured with the help of conspirators inside the city. Demetrios Angelos Doukass, who had ruled the city after his elder brother John's death in 1244, was captured and exiled to Bithynia, while Thessalonica and all of Macedonia were placed under the governance of the Grand Domestic Andronikos Palaiologos.

paragraph: With Thessalonica secured, Vatatzes turned to Epirus, offering Michael II a marriage alliance between Michael's eldest son Nikephoros and his own granddaughter Maria. The offer was enthusiastically accepted by Michael's wife, Theodora Petraliphaina, who took Nikephoros with her and went to meet Vatatzes at Pegae. There the young couple was engaged, and a marriage was arranged for the next year, before Theodora and Nikephoros returned to Arta. While his wife supported a close alliance with Nicaea, Michael himself remained ambivalent, as he had not abandoned his family's ambitions. The pro-Nicaean historians consider this stance an indication of his inherent untrustworthiness, but a major factor was the influence of his uncle, Theodore, who remained safely ensconced in his stronghold of Vodena. With his sons out of the picture, Theodore turned to the sole surviving member of his family who could claim Thessalonica and thwart Nicaea's plans, especially as Vatatzes, with no threats on his other borders, was mobilizing to capture Constantinople. Together, Michael and his uncle planned and launched a sudden attack on Thessalonica in spring 1251. The city resisted successfully, and in spring of the next year Vatatzes once more crossed into Europe. Michael and Theodore had turned to the north, capturing Prilep and Veles, and when they received news of Vatatzes' arrival, they withdrew to Epirus via Kastoria. Vatatzes besieged and captured Vodena and took Kastoria and Deabolis in winter 1252/53, but soon became bogged down in skirmishing in the area of Kastoria. The stalemate was broken when two Epirote generals, John Glabas and Michael's brother-in-law Theodore Petraliphas, defected to the Nicaeans, followed shortly after by the ruler of Kruja, Golem. This forced Michael to come to terms with Vatatzes, sending the Metropolitan of Naupaktos John Xeros, his brother-in-law Constantine Maliasenos, and a certain Lambetes. The treaty, concluded at Larissa, stipulated that Michael would cede not only the fortresses he had recently captured but all his remaining holdings in Macedonia, while Kruja would come under Vatatzes' suzerainty. Michael received the title of Despot anew from Vatatzes and the marriage alliance was reconfirmed, but Nikephoros was taken to Nicaea as a hostage for his father's behaviour. Furthermore, Vatatzes explicitly demanded the handing over of Theodore. While the Nikephoros received the title of Despot and soon allowed to return to Epirus, Theodore was moved as a prisoner to Asia Minor where he died shortly after, in ca. 1253.

paragraph: When he was forced to surrender Dyrrhachium and Servia to the Nicaeans in 1256, Michael determined again to expand his state at Nicaea's expense. However, while he was advancing towards Thessalonica, King Manfred of Sicily seized Dyrrhachium and its environs. Resolved to take Thessalonica, Michael came to terms with Manfred and sent him his daughter as wife, ceding the lost towns and the island of Corfu as dowry. He also concluded an alliance with Prince William II Villehardouin of Achaea.

paragraph: The troops of the three allies overran the Nicaean possessions in Macedonia and in 1259 prepared to fight the Nicaean army led by John Palaiologos, a brother of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, on the plain of Pelagonia. Nevertheless, the allied operation was compromised by mutual suspicion and Michael's illegitimate son John Doukas deserted to the enemy, while Michael himself abandoned his allies. The Nicaeans inflicted a crushing defeat on Prince William of Achaea, who was captured in the battle. While Michael fled to the Ionian Islands, the Nicaeans occupied Epirus but they were faced with so much resistance that they were forced to withdraw. Michael recovered his domains with further help from Manfred. After further warfare another Byzantine victory in 1264 forced him to accept the nominal suzerainty of Michael VIII Palaiologos and to strengthen the bond by dynastic marriages. When Michael II died in or shortly before 1268, his domains were split between his sons Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas of Epirus and John I Doukas of Thessaly.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his marriage to Theodora Petraliphaina (St. Theodora of Arta), Michael II had several children, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas, who succeeded as ruler of Epirus

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Doukas, hostage to Constantinople

paragraph: BULLET::::- Demetrios (renamed Michael) Doukas Komnenos, surnamed Koutroules

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helena Angelina Doukaina, who married King Manfred of Sicily

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Komnene Doukaina, who married Prince William II Villehardouin of Achaea and after his death Nicholas II of St Omer, lord of Thebes.

paragraph: By a mistress, possibly the unnamed lady of the Gangrenos family recorded in Theodora's hagiography, Michael II had at least two other sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John I Doukas, who succeeded as ruler of Thessaly and appears to have been the eldest of his children

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore Doukas

description: despot of Epirus

wikidata_label: Michael II Komnenos Doukas

wikipedia_title: Michael II Komnenos Doukas


text:
football
İzmit
Beşiktaş J.K.
Sergen Yalçın
Tümer Metin
Fenerbahçe
Barcelona
2000–01 UEFA Champions League
Antalya
Manisa
MKE Ankaragücü
İbrahim Toraman
Yıldırım Demirören
Turkish League
Fortis Turkish Cup
Turkish Super Cup
FIFA Confederations Cup
2003
TFF profile
İbrahim Üzülmez

categories: Turkey international footballers,2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players,Gaziantepspor footballers,1974 births,Beşiktaş J.K. footballers,People from İzmit,Turkish footballers,Association football fullbacks,Living people,Kardemir Karabükspor footballers

paragraph: İbrahim Üzülmez

paragraph: İbrahim Üzülmez (born 10 March 1974), known by his nickname Deli İbrahim or Deli İbo –literally means "İbrahim the mad", is a football manager.and a Turkish former football player and current manager.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Üzülmez was born to a family of farmers in İzmit, Turkey. He would often sneak out of doing his farmer duties to go play football with friends. It was always his dream to play for Beşiktaş J.K. one day, as he listened to all their matches on the radio.

paragraph: At the age of 16, he was spotted playing football with his friends in the small town of Gönen, some people passing by were so amazed by his skill that they took it upon themselves to call in scouts to watch his play. Gönenspor immediately signed him and he played there for 1 year. He was then transferred to slightly bigger club Karabükspor. Üzülmez then did his national military duties and on his return, he signed for Turkish Premier League team Gaziantepspor. Gaziantepspor was his first major professional team he played for, he stayed there for 1.5 years. When the transfer season opened, his dreams were made reality when Beşiktaş came knocking on his door. He really shined in the 2002–03 season and was selected for the Turkish National Team. With legendary player Sergen Yalçın's departure from the club and Tümer Metin's shock signing with rivals Fenerbahçe; in 2006, Beşiktaş named its new captain, Üzülmez. His performance against Barcelona in 2000–01 UEFA Champions League group stage still remembered, He helped his team for a famous 3–0 win.

paragraph: He had a serious accident in June 2008, returning home from his Antalya holidays with his family, he hit another car in the western Turkish city of Manisa and then collided with a tree, but came out safe

paragraph: In the second half of the season 2010–11, during the half time break of a league game against MKE Ankaragücü, a fiery quarrel emerged with his teammate İbrahim Toraman in the dressing room. The details of the fight have not been confirmed, but the press commonly announced that Üzülmez lashed out a few punches on Toraman's head and Toraman remained unresponsive until other team members intervened and calmed the two down.

paragraph: Following the game, Üzülmez's contract has been immediately terminated by unanimous board decision, while Toraman has been strictly banished from publicly speaking about the occurrence. One day later, club chairman Yıldırım Demirören arranged a press release alongside İbrahim Üzülmez and remarked that Üzülmez has been one of the important figures in Beşiktaş history, and that his memory shall always be cherished by the community. The chairman further added that Üzülmez's all receivables shall be paid in a single sum immediately.

paragraph: It is still a strong opinion that the occurrence has preceding roots going back to another fight between the duo, at Beşiktaş's 2008 pre-season camp in Austria, which is generally known as the "slipper fight". Being the captain of the team, Üzülmez had asked Toraman about why he came to lunch with slippers, while all other players were wearing their sports equipments. Being the secondary captain of the team, Toraman did not take that lightly and they clenched fists.

paragraph: On 5 July 2011, it was announced that Üzülmez retired from professional football.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Beşiktaş

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turkish League: (2003, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fortis Turkish Cup: (2006, 2007, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turkish Super Cup: (2006)

paragraph: Turkey

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIFA Confederations Cup third place: 2003

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TFF profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- İbrahim Üzülmez at Footballdatabase

description: Turkish footballer

wikidata_label: İbrahim Üzülmez

wikipedia_title: İbrahim Üzülmez


text:
footballer
defender
Sivas DSİ Spor
Gaziantepspor
Beşiktaş J.K.
Beşiktaş
Sezer Öztürk
Beşiktaş
Slaven Bilić
Sivasspor
FIFA Confederations Cup
2003
Süper Lig
2008–09
Turkish Cup
2005–06
2006–07
2008–09
2010–11
Turkish Super Cup
2006
Guardian Stats Centre

categories: Turkey international footballers,Süper Lig players,People from Sivas,Gaziantepspor footballers,1981 births,Association football central defenders,Turkey under-21 international footballers,Beşiktaş J.K. footballers,Turkish footballers,Living people,2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players

paragraph: İbrahim Toraman

paragraph: İbrahim Toraman (born 20 November 1981) is a retired Turkish footballer. He played as a defender in centre, right back or occasionally in defensive midfield positions.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: His career started with local club Sivas DSİ Spor, playing six years at the amateur level. He was named second-best player out of all amateur level teams in Turkey. Professionally, Toraman played for Gaziantepspor and attracted attention with his success. In his last two years at Gaziantepspor, he was reportedly added to the top of many teams' transfer lists. Toraman, was signed by Istanbul club Beşiktaş J.K. in the 2004–05 pre-season on a three-year contract with a transfer fee of $2.5 million.

paragraph: Following the incident with Beşiktaş teammate Sezer Öztürk Toraman was left out of the Beşiktaş squad under Slaven Bilić's management at the start of the 2013–14 season.

paragraph: Before the beginning of the 2014–2015 season, he was loaned to Sivasspor.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turkey

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIFA Confederations Cup: 3rd place 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beşiktaş

paragraph: BULLET::::- Süper Lig: 2008–09

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turkish Cup: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2010–11

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turkish Super Cup: 2006

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guardian Stats Centre

description: Turkish footballer

wikidata_label: İbrahim Toraman

wikipedia_title: İbrahim Toraman


text:
Bellshill
Scotland
British
double bass
bass guitar
jazz
classical
rock
folk
avant-garde music
London
Peter Gabriel
John Martyn
Annie Lennox
Phil Collins
Simple Minds
Kate Bush
David Sylvian
Jon Anderson
Yes
Brand X
Scott Walker
Tilt
Peter Erskine
Weather Report
Alan Pasqua
Tony Williams Lifetime
Brand X
Product
Do They Hurt?
Eric Clapton
Sting
Mark Knopfler
Phil Collins
Music for Montserrat
Peter Gabriel
Birdy
Peter Gabriel III
David Sylvian
Chris de Burgh
Masami Tsuchiya
Kate Bush
50 Words for Snow
Aerial
Babooshka
Never for Ever
The Sensual World
The Red Shoes
Before the Dawn tour
Phil Collins
In the Air Tonight
You Can't Hurry Love
Face Value
Hello, I Must Be Going
Scott Walker
Tilt
Al Green
Duncan Browne
Joan Armatrading
John Lennon
Grow Old with Me
Judie Tzuke
Annie Lennox
MTV Unplugged
Why
Roberta Flack
Paul McCartney
Royal Albert Hall
London
The Everly Brothers
George Martin
Gerry Rafferty
Hugh Masekela
Waiting for the Rain
Mavis Staples
Simple Minds
Once Upon a Time
Live in the City of Light
Street Fighting Years
Jon Anderson
Animation
Song of Seven
Manfred Mann's Earth Band
John Martyn
Grace and Danger
The Church with One Bell
Richard Ashcroft
Franco Battiato
Eros Ramazzotti
Claudio Baglioni
Manolo García
Fish
Vigil in a Wilderness of Mirrors
Alan Parsons
On Air
Elkie Brooks
Pearls 1
John Giblin's official site

categories: British bass guitarists,Male bass guitarists,British session musicians,Brand X members,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: John Giblin

paragraph: John Giblin (February 26, 1952 in Bellshill, Scotland) is an internationally renowned British double bassist and bass guitarist, noted for his versatility spanning jazz, classical, rock, folk and avant-garde music.

paragraph: While best known as a London studio musician, recording film scores and contemporary music, Giblin has also performed live, and recorded with Peter Gabriel, John Martyn, Elkie Brooks, Annie Lennox, Phil Collins, pop-rock group Simple Minds, and has been closely associated with artists, ranging from Kate Bush, David Sylvian, Jon Anderson (Yes), to experimental group Brand X, and more recently the avant-garde recordings by Scott Walker (including the album "Tilt").

paragraph: In recent times Giblin has moved further in the direction of acoustic bass, and current projects include among the musicians, drummer Peter Erskine (of Weather Report), and pianist Alan Pasqua (of Tony Williams Lifetime).

paragraph: Section::::Musical work and collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brand X ("Product" and "Do They Hurt?")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eric Clapton, Sting, Mark Knopfler, Phil Collins (live at "Music for Montserrat")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Gabriel ("Birdy" and "Peter Gabriel III")

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Sylvian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chris de Burgh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Masami Tsuchiya ("Mod' Fish", "Forest People")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kate Bush ("50 Words for Snow", "Aerial", "Babooshka", "Never for Ever", "The Sensual World", "The Red Shoes", Before the Dawn tour)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phil Collins songs including "In the Air Tonight" and "You Can't Hurry Love" ("Face Value, Hello, I Must Be Going")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scott Walker ("Tilt")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al Green

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duncan Browne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan Armatrading

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Lennon ("Grow Old with Me")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Judie Tzuke

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annie Lennox (Contrabass on "MTV Unplugged", including "Why")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roberta Flack

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul McCartney (live at the Royal Albert Hall, London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Everly Brothers

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Martin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerry Rafferty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh Masekela ("Waiting for the Rain", 1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mavis Staples

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simple Minds ("Once Upon a Time"; "Live in the City of Light"; "Street Fighting Years")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jon Anderson ("Animation" and "Song of Seven")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manfred Mann's Earth Band

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Martyn including ("Grace and Danger" & "The Church with One Bell")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Ashcroft

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franco Battiato

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eros Ramazzotti

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claudio Baglioni

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manolo García

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fish ("Vigil in a Wilderness of Mirrors")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alan Parsons ("On Air")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elkie Brooks ("Pearls 1")

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Giblin's official site

description: British musician

wikidata_label: John Giblin

wikipedia_title: John Giblin


text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Oswald de Andrade

text: Manifesto Antropófago

text: Prêmio Machado de Assis

text: Raul Bopp

categories: 1898 births,1984 deaths,Brazilian diplomats,20th-century poets,Brazilian poets,20th-century Brazilian male writers,Male poets

paragraph: Raul Bopp

paragraph: Raul Bopp (born in Santa Maria (RS) on August 4, 1898; died in Rio de Janeiro on June 2, 1984) was a Brazilian poet and diplomat. He did diplomatic work in Japan and was a friend of Oswald de Andrade. Hence his " Cobra Norato" is an example of work based in the Manifesto Antropófago. In 1977 he won the Prêmio Machado de Assis.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: The first five parts of Bopp's "Cobra Norato" in a translation by Jennifer Sarah Cooper on Jacket2.org

paragraph: Raul Bopp recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division's audio literary archive on May 25, 1975

description: Brazilian poet and diplomat

wikidata_label: Raul Bopp

wikipedia_title: Raul Bopp


text: American

text: baseball

text: pitcher

text: Claremont High School

text: Chaffey College

text: San Diego State University

text: Major League Baseball

text: San Francisco Giants

text: San Diego Padres

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Afghan

text: San Francisco Giants

text: First-Year Player draft

text: Florida Marlins

text: Salem-Keizer Volcanoes

text: San Jose Giants

text: Merkin Valdéz

text: disabled list

text: Houston Astros

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Toronto Blue Jays

text: Buffalo Bisons

text: Somerset Patriots

text: Bridgeport Bluefish

text: Wichita Wingnuts

text: fastball

text: slider

text: curveball

text: Maino

text: San Diego State University

text: Arizona Fall League

categories: San Jose Giants players,Connecticut Defenders players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Scottsdale Scorpions players,San Francisco Giants players,Grand Prairie AirHogs players,Somerset Patriots players,Sportspeople from Pomona, California,1982 births,Baseball players from California,Sportspeople of Afghan descent,Wichita Wingnuts players,Bridgeport Bluefish players,Tucson Padres players,Richmond Flying Squirrels players,Chicago Cubs players,Chaffey Panthers baseball players,American people of Afghan descent,Salem-Keizer Volcanoes players,Fresno Grizzlies players,Waikiki Beach Boys players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,San Diego State Aztecs baseball players,Caribes de Anzoátegui players,San Diego Padres players

paragraph: Alex Hinshaw

paragraph: Alexander "Alex" Omar Hinshaw (born October 31, 1982) is an American

paragraph: former professional baseball pitcher. He graduated from Claremont High School and attended Chaffey College and San Diego State University. He played in Major League Baseball for the San Francisco Giants, San Diego Padres and Chicago Cubs from 2008-2012.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Hinshaw was born in California to an American father and Afghan mother.

paragraph: Section::::San Francisco Giants.

paragraph: Hinshaw was drafted by the San Francisco Giants in 28th round of the First-Year Player draft, the 29th round of the draft, and by the Florida Marlins in the 25th round of the draft, but did not sign. In the draft, he was once again selected by the Giants in the 15th round and made his professional debut with the Class A Salem-Keizer Volcanoes. He finished with a 3.68 ERA in 25 relief appearances, struck out 33 batters and walked 18 in 22 innings.

paragraph: For the advanced Class A San Jose Giants in , Hinshaw had a 6–3 record with a 4.26 ERA in 30 games, giving up 58 hits and striking out 78 in 69 innings. He struck out a season high nine batters in five shutout innings to earn a win on May 11, 2006. On May 15, 2008, Hinshaw made his major league debut after being called up when Merkin Valdéz went on the disabled list. Facing the Houston Astros, he gave up one hit and struck out one in 1/3 of an inning.

paragraph: Section::::San Diego Padres.

paragraph: Hinshaw signed a minor league contract with the San Diego Padres on December 1, 2011. He was designated for assignment on August 14, 2012, and claimed off waivers by the Chicago Cubs on August 19. On October 6, 2012 Hinshaw elected free agency. In 37 games with the Padres, Hinshaw had a 4.50 ERA while striking out 36 in 28 innings. In 2 games with the Cubs, Hinshaw had a 135.00 ERA, giving up 5 runs while recording 1 out.

paragraph: Section::::Toronto Blue Jays.

paragraph: On November 21, 2012, the Toronto Blue Jays announced that Hinshaw had been signed to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. Hinshaw started the 2013 season with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons but encountered troubles with walks (17 in 11 innings pitched), and was released on May 10.

paragraph: Section::::Somerset Patriots.

paragraph: Hinshaw was signed by the Somerset Patriots of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball on May 31, 2013, and released on June 13.

paragraph: Section::::Bridgeport Bluefish.

paragraph: He was signed by the Bridgeport Bluefish, also of the Atlantic League, on June 22.

paragraph: Section::::Wichita Wingnuts.

paragraph: Hinshaw signed with the Wichita Wingnuts for the 2014 season.

paragraph: Section::::Scouting report.

paragraph: He throws his fastball in the mid 90s, and also has a slider and a big-breaking curveball.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Enters home games to the song "All the Above" by hip-hop artist Maino.

paragraph: Parents are Robert and Homa Hinshaw of Claremont, California.

paragraph: Hinshaw is married to his San Diego State University sweetheart Courtney Fritz, a guard on the Aztecs Women's Basketball team.

paragraph: Section::::Minor league honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 CAL Mid-Season All-Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 HWB Post-Season All-Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 EAS Mid-Season.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Arizona Fall League Rising-Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- First member of the Giant's 2005 draft class to reach the major leagues

description: American baseball pitcher

wikidata_label: Alex Hinshaw

wikipedia_title: Alex Hinshaw