text: American

text: ice hockey

text: winger

text: National Hockey League

text: Edmonton Oilers

text: Washington Capitals

text: San Jose Sharks

text: Buffalo Sabres

text: Saint Sebastian's School

text: Houston Texans

text: National Football League

text: New England Patriots

text: Bobby Grier

text: color barrier

text: 1956 Sugar Bowl

text: Chris

text: Miami Dolphins

text: Pro Bowl

text: NFL

text: Roosevelt "Rosey" Grier

text: Holliston, Massachusetts

text: St. Sebastian's School

text: St. Louis Blues

text: 1993 NHL Entry Draft

text: Saint Sebastian's School

text: Boston University

text: Edmonton Oilers

text: goaltender

text: Curtis Joseph

text: plus-minus

text: Chris Simon

text: Washington Capitals

text: Ojibwa

text: Washington Capitals

text: Chicago

text: 2002–03 season

text: Stanley Cup

text: Jaromír Jágr

text: Olaf Kölzig

text: Buffalo Sabres

text: Jakub Klepiš

text: 2005–06 NHL season

text: 2006 Eastern Conference Finals

text: San Jose Sharks

categories: Buffalo Sabres players,Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey players,African-American ice hockey players,Chicago Blackhawks scouts,Living people,Washington Capitals players,1975 births,Ice hockey people from Massachusetts,Ice hockey people from Michigan,American ice hockey right wingers,St. Louis Blues draft picks,Sportspeople from Detroit,Edmonton Oilers players,People from Holliston, Massachusetts,San Jose Sharks players

paragraph: Mike Grier

paragraph: Michael James Grier (born January 5, 1975) is an American retired professional ice hockey winger who played for four teams in the National Hockey League (NHL) - the Edmonton Oilers, Washington Capitals, San Jose Sharks, and Buffalo Sabres. Primarily a checking forward, he played 1,060 NHL games over 14 NHL seasons. Grier was the first African-American player in the history of the NHL to be exclusively trained in the country. He currently works as the assistant coach for the New Jersey Devils. He also coached at Saint Sebastian's School, where he played his high school hockey. He also coached his sons Boston Jr. Terriers 03 AAA Team.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: His father is Bobby Grier, who used to be the Associate Director of Pro Personnel for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). Prior to that, Bobby Grier was a running back coach, director of pro scouting, and vice-president of player personnel for the New England Patriots of the NFL. (The elder Grier should not be confused with the Bobby Grier who broke the color barrier in the 1956 Sugar Bowl.) Mike's brother, Chris currently serves as the general manager for the Miami Dolphins. Another notable athlete in his family is Pro Bowl NFL Defensive Lineman Roosevelt "Rosey" Grier.

paragraph: Grier was raised in Holliston, Massachusetts, where he attended and played hockey at St. Sebastian's School. At age 9 Michael appeared in Sports Illustrated's "Faces In The Crowd" section in issue 06-18-84/Vol. 60, No. 25, it read: Michael, 9, a defenseman for the 35-19-8 Holliston Mites in the 7-to-9 year-old division of the Westboro ice hockey league, had 114 goals and 43 assists this season. In 1982-1983 he racked up 113 goals and 104 assists in 52 games.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Grier was originally drafted by the St. Louis Blues in the ninth round (219th overall) of the 1993 NHL Entry Draft, and was considered a long-shot to make an NHL team. He spent his early playing days with Saint Sebastian's School and later with Boston University, culminating in his best amateur season in 1994–95, where he was named a first team all-star. During his time at BU, Grier's NHL rights were dealt to the Edmonton Oilers along with star goaltender Curtis Joseph in exchange for a pair of first round picks.

paragraph: After leaving college, Grier immediately cracked the Oilers lineup as a checking-line right-winger, scoring 32 points and bearing a respectable +7 plus-minus rating. During his time in Edmonton, Grier was best known for provoking Chris Simon of the Washington Capitals in 1997. Grier allegedly made derogatory comments about Simon's Ojibwa heritage, and Simon allegedly responded with a racial slur directed at Grier, and struck him in the head with his stick. Although the spoken words were never confirmed, Simon was suspended three games as a result of using his stick to hit Grier. Grier played six seasons with the Oilers organization, including two in which he scored twenty goals.

paragraph: On October 2, 2002, in order to free up roster space, Grier was traded to the Washington Capitals for a pair of draft choices. Incidentally, this put Grier and Simon on the same team for a short time; however, Simon was traded to Chicago after playing 10 games in the 2002–03 season. The Capitals attempted to put a Stanley Cup-caliber team together, primarily built around star forward Jaromír Jágr and goaltender Olaf Kölzig. The team disappointed on the ice, although Grier remained a reliable checking player.

paragraph: This didn't last long, however, as Washington traded Grier on March 4, 2004 to the Buffalo Sabres for Czech prospect Jakub Klepiš. Grier finished the season with Buffalo, scoring nine points, but the Sabres failed to make the playoffs. During the 2005–06 NHL season, Grier set a personal record, scoring four game-winning goals for the Sabres and contributing to their run to the 2006 Eastern Conference Finals. Grier was then signed to a free agent deal by the San Jose Sharks, where he recorded 16 goals, including three shorthanded, in his first season with San Jose. He scored nine and 10 goals in his next two seasons with the Sharks, respectively.

paragraph: On August 10, 2009, Grier returned to the Buffalo Sabres.

paragraph: Grier's biggest contribution to the San Jose Sharks and Buffalo Sabres has been his penalty killing ability. San Jose ranked 14th, 1st, and 4th in penalty killing in the three years Grier played with the team. In the 2009–10 season, Buffalo was second overall in the NHL in penalty killing. Grier has been a part of the top penalty killing units for these teams.

paragraph: Grier is also known for his toughness, separating his shoulder and having it popped back in on numerous occasions before finally electing for surgery.

paragraph: Grier played his 1000th NHL game on November 3, 2010, against the Boston Bruins, becoming the 254th player in NHL history to reach the milestone. After not being re-signed by Buffalo for the 2011-12 season, Grier officially announced his retirement from the NHL on December 1, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of ice hockey players of black African descent

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of NHL players with 1000 games played

description: American ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Mike Grier

wikipedia_title: Mike Grier


text: Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany

text: Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein

text: Potsdam

text: Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg

text: Oldenburg

text: Westerstede

text: Plön

text: Bapaume

text: von Blumenthal

text: Manfred von Richthofen

text: monarchist

text: Stahlhelm

text: Order of St. John

text: Pour le Mérite

text: Antique Temple

text: Sanssouci Park

text: Order of St. Stephen of Hungary

text: Order of the Elephant

text: Order of the Netherlands Lion

text: Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav

text: Order of Glory

text: Osmanieh Order

text: Order of the Tower and Sword

text: Qajar dynasty

text: Order of the Lion and the Sun

text: Order of the Double Dragon

text: Order of the Crown of Romania

text: Siam

text: Order of the Royal House of Chakri

text: Order of the Crown of Siam

text: Royal Victorian Order

text: Prince Eitel Friedrich

categories: Stahlhelm members,People from Potsdam,Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order,Grand Crosses of the House Order of the Wendish Crown,German Army generals of World War I,Grand Crosses of the Order of the Tower and Sword,Recipients of the Order of the Black Eagle,Major generals of Prussia,House of Hohenzollern,Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class),Grand Crosses of the Order of the Red Eagle,Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania),Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class,Grand Commanders of the House Order of Hohenzollern,Recipients of the Order of the Double Dragon,1942 deaths,Grand Cordons of the Order of the Lion and the Sun,1883 births,Prussian princes,Recipients of the Order of the Rue Crown,Knights of the Order of Glory (Ottoman Empire),Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (Württemberg)

paragraph: Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia

paragraph: Prince Wilhelm Eitel Friedrich Christian Karl of Prussia (7 July 1883 – 8 December 1942) was the second son of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany by his first wife, Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein. He was born and died in Potsdam, Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Life and activities.

paragraph: On 27 February 1906, Prince Eitel married Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg (2 February 1879 Oldenburg – 29 March 1964 Westerstede) in Berlin. They were divorced on 20 October 1926 on the grounds of her adultery before the war. They had no children.

paragraph: Raised at the cadet corps of Plön Castle, Prince Eitel was in the front line from the beginning of World War I and was wounded at Bapaume, where he commanded the Prussian First Foot Guards. He temporarily relinquished command to Count Hans von Blumenthal, but returned to duty before the end of the year. The following year, he was transferred to the Eastern Front. During the summer of 1915, he was out in a field in Russia when he had a chance encounter with Manfred von Richthofen, who had just crashed with his superior officer, Count Holck. The two men were hiding in a nearby tree line from what they thought was the advancing Russian army and who turned out to be the grenadiers, guardsmen, and officers of Prince Eitel.

paragraph: After the war, he was engaged in monarchist circles and the "Stahlhelm" paramilitary organization. In 1921, the Berlin criminal court found him guilty of the fraudulent transfer of 300,000 Marks and sentenced him to a fine of 5000 Marks.

paragraph: From 1907 to 1926, he was Master of the Knights ("Herrenmeister") of the Order of St. John ("Johanniterorden"). He received the Pour le Mérite order in 1915. His body is buried at the Antique Temple in Sanssouci Park, Potsdam.

paragraph: Section::::Regimental Commissions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hauptmann (captain) and commander of the Leibkompagnie (Life-company), 1. Garderegiment zu Fuß (1st Regiment of Foot Guards)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "à la suite", Grenadierregiment König Friedrich Wilhelm IV.(1. Pommersches) Nr. 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- "à la suite", 1. Gardelandwehrregiment (Guard Reserve Regiment)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hauptmann (captain), Austria-Hungary K.u.K. Infantry Regiment "Wilhelm I., Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen" Nr. 34

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hauptmann (captain), Saxon Army

paragraph: BULLET::::- "à la suite", 7. Königsinfanterieregiment (King's Infantry Regiment) Nr. 106

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Brigade of Imperial Guards, commander, 1914-15

paragraph: Section::::Orders and decorations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- German decorations

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foreign decorations

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Order of St. Stephen of Hungary, Grand Cross, 1900

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Order of the Elephant, Knight, 19 November 1906

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Order of the Netherlands Lion, Grand Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, Grand Cross with Collar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Glory

paragraph: BULLET::::- Osmanieh Order, 1st Class with Diamonds

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Order of the Tower and Sword, Grand Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qajar dynasty: Order of the Lion and the Sun, Grand Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Order of the Double Dragon, Class I Grade II

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Order of the Crown of Romania, Grand Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- Siam:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Royal House of Chakri, Knight

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Crown of Siam, Grand Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Royal Victorian Order, Honorary Grand Cross, 1 July 1904 (expelled in 1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honours

paragraph: Two ships were named after Prince Eitel, the passenger ship "Prince Eitel Friedrich" (1901) and the Reich postal steamer "Prince Eitel Friedrich" (1904).

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Schench, G. "Handbuch über den Königlich Preuβischen Hof und Staat fur das Jahr 1908". Berlin, Prussia, 1907.

paragraph: BR

description: Prussian prince

wikidata_label: Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia

wikipedia_title: Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia


text: Holyrood Palace

text: William Vesey-FitzGerald

text: 1848 by-election

text: 1857 general election

text: John Barham Day

text: Two Thousand Guineas

text: Virago

text: John Gully

text: Andover

text: Epsom Derby

text: Francis Child Villiers

text: Benjamin Disraeli

text: Blue Gown

text: 4th Marquess of Hastings

text: Horsham

paragraph: Henry Padwick

paragraph: Henry Padwick (1805–1879) was an English solicitor and figure of the horse racing world, known also as a moneylender, gambler and speculator.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of William Padwick (died 1834) of Cosham House, Hampshire. He retired from the legal profession in 1855. He became a magistrate in Middlesex and Deputy-Keeper of Holyrood Palace.

paragraph: As a solicitor in Horsham, Padwick was involved as electoral agent to William Vesey-FitzGerald in canvassing, the subject of an electoral corruption case for an 1848 by-election for . In the 1857 general election Padwick stood unsuccessfully as a Conservative candidate at .

paragraph: Section::::Racing.

paragraph: Padwick employed the trainer John Barham Day from 1845 to 1855, when he was sacked after a scandal involving the Two Thousand Guineas. From 1849 Padwick used "Mr. Howard" as his "nom de course". In 1854 he won £80,000 on his horse Virago, losing the sum in stock market speculation. In 1854, also, Padwick was co-owner with John Gully of Andover, winner of the Epsom Derby.

paragraph: In the aftermath of the 1855 departure from the United Kingdom of the Member of Parliament Francis Child Villiers, known as Frank, Padwick became involved in trying to clear up his heavy unpaid betting debts. To this end he was an adviser to George Child Villiers, 5th Earl of Jersey, Frank's father, and worked with Benjamin Disraeli.

paragraph: In the 1868 Derby, won by Blue Gown, after the favourite Lady Elizabeth owned by the 4th Marquess of Hastings performed badly, Padwick and the bookmaker Harry Hill were implicated in the scratching from the race of the Marquess's other horse, The Earl. The Marquess owed Padwick money.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Padwick married in 1825 Susan Chasemore, daughter of Philip Chasemore of Horsham. They had one son, Henry.

description: English solicitor and race horse owner 1805-1879

wikidata_label: Henry Padwick

wikipedia_title: Henry Padwick


text:
operetta
Leo Fall
Jean Gilbert
Emmerich Kálmán
Ralph Benatzky
University of Vienna
University of Munich
Augsburg
Baroque
Roccoco
dramaturge
Lessing Theater
Neues Schauspielhaus
Rudolf Bernauer
Leo Fall
musical theatre
Rudi Gfaller
Chemnitz
Rudolf Bernauer
Leo Fall
Theater an der Wien
Rudolf Schanzer
Jean Gilbert
Theater des Westens
Madame Pompadour
Casanova
Ralph Benatzky
Großes Schauspielhaus
Neues Deutsches Theater
Komische Oper
Emmerich Kálmán
Theater an der Wien
Rudi Gfaller
Rudi Gfaller
Chemnitz
Ostrava
Mährisch-Schlesisches Theater

categories: People from Vienna,1875 births,Austrian operetta librettists,Austrian theatre directors

paragraph: Ernst Welisch

paragraph: Ernst Welisch (27 February 1875 – 26 March 1941) was an Austrian playwright and theatre director. He is primarily known for the numerous operetta librettos that he wrote for composers such as Leo Fall, Jean Gilbert, Emmerich Kálmán, and Ralph Benatzky. Welisch was born in Vienna, but spent most of his career in Berlin. In the 1930s he returned to Vienna where he died shortly before the premiere of his last work, "Venedig in Wien".

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Welish was born in Vienna. He studied history and literature at the University of Vienna followed by studies in art history and archeology at the University of Munich where he received his doctorate in 1898. In 1901 he published a book on the painters of Augsburg during the Baroque and Roccoco eras, but then turned his activity to the theatre. He had settled in Berlin in 1900 and from 1904 worked as a director and dramaturge in various Berlin theatres, beginning with the Lessing Theater. He went on to work at the in 1905, the Neues Schauspielhaus where he was the head director from 1905 to 1911, and finally the Komödienhaus where he was the deputy head director from 1913 to 1922.

paragraph: Welish's parallel career as a librettist began in 1905 when he and Rudolf Bernauer co-wrote the libretto for Leo Fall's first operetta "Der Rebell". During his career he wrote or co-wrote over 20 librettos for operettas and musical theatre works as well as two stage comedies. In the 1930s he returned to Vienna where he died at the age of 66. His final work was the libretto for the operetta "Venedig in Wien" composed by Rudi Gfaller. It premiered in Chemnitz on 29 March 1941, three days after Welisch's death. His son, Ernst Adolf Weilsch (1915–?), likewise became a playwright and director and also wrote several screenplays for German-language films in the 1940s and 50s.

paragraph: Section::::Librettos.

paragraph: Librettos written or co-written by Welisch include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Rebell" (with Rudolf Bernauer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Leo Fall; premiered Vienna, Theater an der Wien 29 November 1905. A failure at its premiere, it was greatly revised as "Der liebe Augustin" which premiered in Berlin at the on 3 February 1912.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Frau im Hermelin" (with Rudolf Schanzer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Theater des Westens, 22 August 1919

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Geiger von Lugano " (with Rudolf Schanzer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Thalia Theater, 26 September 1920

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Braut des Lucullus" (with Rudolf Schanzer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Theater des Westens, 26 August 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madame Pompadour" (with Rudolf Schanzer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Leo Fall; premiered Berlin, Berliner Theater; 9 September 1922

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Riquette" (with Ernst Welisch), operetta in 3 acts composed by Oscar Straus; premiered Berlin, , 17 January 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Teresina" (with Ernst Welisch), operetta in 3 acts, composed by Oscar Straus; premiered Berlin, Deutsches Künstlertheater, 11 September 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Spiel um die Liebe" (with Rudolf Schanzer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Theater des Westens, 19 December 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Casanova" (with Rudolf Schanzer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Ralph Benatzky; premiered Berlin, Großes Schauspielhaus, 1 September 1928

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (with Rudolf Schanzer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Ralph Benatzky; premiered Berlin, Großes Schauspielhaus, 31 August 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die erste Beste" (with Rudolf Schanzer), operetta in 3 acts, composed by Oscar Straus; premiered Prague, Neues Deutsches Theater, 19 October 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Mädel am Steuer" (with Rudolf Schanzer), musical comedy in 3 acts composed by Jean Gilbert; premiered Berlin, Komische Oper, 17 September 1930

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Teufelsreiter" (with Rudolf Schanzer), operetta in 3 acts composed by Emmerich Kálmán; premiered Vienna, Theater an der Wien, 10 March 1932

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Sacher-Pepi" (originally titled "Die Gräfin bitteschön"), operetta in 3 acts, composed by Rudi Gfaller; premiered Leipzig, Neues Operetten-Theater, 16 September 1939

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Venedig in Wien", operetta in 3 acts, composed by Rudi Gfaller; premiered Chemnitz, Central-Theater, 29 March 1941

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die himmelblaue Stadt" (with Ernst Friese), operetta in 3 acts, composed by Rudi Gfaller; premiered Ostrava, Mährisch-Schlesisches Theater, 1944

description: born:1875|died:1941|; Welisch, Ernst; Wehlisch, Ernst

wikidata_label: Ernst Welisch

wikipedia_title: Ernst Welisch


text: O.P.

text: Ascó

text: Fuzhou

text: Catalan

text: Dominican

text: friar

text: bishop

text: martyr

text: canonized

text: Catholic Church

text: Ascó

text: Ribera d'Ebre

text: Catalan

text: professed

text: religious vows

text: Lerida

text: ordained

text: priest

text: Chinese language

text: Coadjutor

text: Vicar Apostolic

text: Fujian

text: consecrated

text: Bishop of Nanking

text: titular see

text: Maurocastrum

text: Fuzhou

text: beheaded

text: coadjutor bishop

text: Holy See

text: beatified

text: Pope Leo XIII

text: Martyr Saints of China

text: Pope John Paul II

text: feast day

categories: 1747 deaths,Spanish Roman Catholic saints,Dominican martyrs,Spanish Dominicans,18th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Roman Catholic missionaries in China,18th-century Roman Catholic martyrs,18th-century Christian saints,People from Ribera d'Ebre,Dominican missionaries,Catalan bishops,Catalan Roman Catholic saints,Dominican bishops,Dominican saints,1680 births

paragraph: Peter Sanz

paragraph: Peter Sanz, O.P. (Ascó, 22 September 1680 - Fuzhou, 26 May 1747) (, ) was a Catalan Dominican friar who was sent as a missionary bishop to China. He was declared a martyr and canonized by the Catholic Church.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sanz was born 22 September 1680 in Ascó, Ribera d'Ebre, in the Catalan region of Spain. In 1697 he professed religious vows as a member of the Dominican Order in Lerida. After completing his theological studies, he was ordained a priest on 22 September 1704.

paragraph: Section::::Mission in China.

paragraph: Sanz later volunteered and was accepted to serve in China. He was sent to the Philippines in 1713 to prepare for this mission, where he studied the Chinese language for two years. He then entered China with a small band of fellow friars, where he began a ministry which lasted over 30 years. In January 1728, the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith named him as Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Fujian, for which he was consecrated a bishop on 22 February 1730 by the Bishop of Nanking, with the new titular see of Maurocastrum. He succeeded to the office of Vicar in January 1732, upon the death of Friar Magino Ventallol, O.P., who had been unable to be consecrated a bishop during the thirteen years of his administration.

paragraph: Section::::Martyrdom.

paragraph: Sanz was arrested by imperial authorities in 1741, along with four other friars. They suffered torture and a long imprisonment in Fuzhou. Finally, on 26 May 1747, Sanz was beheaded. In October 1748, word came that one of his companions had been named his coadjutor bishop by the Holy See. The other friars were executed immediately upon that news.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification and canonization.

paragraph: He and his companions were beatified by Pope Leo XIII on 14 May 1893. They were included among a group of 120 saints known collectively as the "Martyr Saints of China" who were canonized on 1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II. The group was given the feast day of 9 July.

description: Dominican bishop and martry saint

wikidata_label: Peter Sanz

wikipedia_title: Peter Sanz


text: FRS

text: Groombridge

text: Kent

text: barrister

text: architect

text: courtier

text: Charles II

text: Christopher Wren

text: University College, Oxford

text: matriculated

text: Middle Temple

text: called to the bar

text: Groombridge Place

text: Samuel Pepys

text: Original Fellow of the Royal Society

text: Finedon

text: New Jersey

text: Battle of the Boyne

text: "History of the Royal Society"

categories: Alumni of University College, Oxford,Original Fellows of the Royal Society,British architects,1618 births,People from Wealden (district),1686 deaths

paragraph: Philip Packer

paragraph: Philip Packer FRS (24 June 1618 Groombridge, Kent – 24 December 1686) was an English barrister and architect. He was a courtier to Charles II, and friend to Christopher Wren.

paragraph: He was educated at University College, Oxford where he matriculated in 1635. He then took up law at the Middle Temple and was called to the bar as a barrister in 1647.

paragraph: He rebuilt Groombridge Place with Wren's help in 1662. On 21 May 1669, he met with Samuel Pepys. He was an Original Fellow of the Royal Society.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His parents were John Packer, Clerk of the Privy Seal (12 Nov 1572 – 15 Feb 1649), and Philippi Mills.

paragraph: He married Isabella Berkeley in 1653 in Groombridge, Kent; they had seven children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Packer (died aged 16)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Philip Packer Esq. of Groombridge (1655 Groombridge – 16 December 1697)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Packer (1661 Groombridge, Kent, England – 30 Nov 1722 Finedon, Northampton, England)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabella Packer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Packer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katherine Packer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Temperance Packer

paragraph: He married Sarah Isgar on 20 December 1666. Prior to their marriage, Philip and Sarah had three children in Ireland where Philip owned extensive properties:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip Packer, who emigrated to New Jersey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Packer (3 March 1657 – 12 Jul 1690) at the Battle of the Boyne, Ireland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Packer (died 1690 in Battle of Boyne).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "History of the Royal Society", Thomas Thomson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Accompt of William Balle from 28 November 1660 to 11 September 1663", "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London", Vol. 14, No. 2 (Jun., 1960), pp. 174–183

wikidata_label: Philip Packer

wikipedia_title: Philip Packer


text:
All Japan Superbike Championship
World Superbike Championship
1996 season
Suzuka 8 Hours
Yamaha YZF-R1
Yamaha
Yamaha YZR-M1
Valentino Rossi
MotoGP
All Japan Road Race Championship
Coca-Cola Zero
Suzuka Circuit
Suzuka City
Mie Prefecture
Japan
Profile on motogp.com

categories: People from Tokyo,Superbike World Championship riders,Yamaha Motor Racing MotoGP riders,1968 births,Japanese motorcycle racers,Living people

paragraph: Wataru Yoshikawa

paragraph: Yoshikawa won the All Japan Superbike Championship in 1994 and 1999. He also participated in the World Superbike Championship, finishing 9th in the 1996 season. In 2003 Yoshikawa finished second at the Suzuka 8 Hours, partnering Shinichi Nakatomi on a Yamaha YZF-R1.

paragraph: Yoshikawa is a test rider for the Yamaha factory, and helped develop the Yamaha YZR-M1. On June 23, 2010 it was announced that Yoshikawa will replace the injured Valentino Rossi in the MotoGP Fiat Yamaha factory works team, until Rossi is again able to race.

paragraph: Wataru Yoshikawa was the team manager of Yamaha's All Japan Road Race Championship factory team at the 39th "Coca-Cola Zero" Suzuka 8 Hours Endurance Road Race held during July 28 to July 31, 2016 at the Suzuka Circuit in Ino, Suzuka City, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Superbike World Championship.:Races by year.

paragraph: Ineligible for championship points.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on motogp.com

description: Japanese motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Wataru Yoshikawa

wikipedia_title: Wataru Yoshikawa


text:
Doctor of Civil Law
Member of Parliament
Heavitree
Exeter
Devon
Nicholas Duck
Exeter College, Oxford
Hart Hall, Oxford
All Souls
LL.D.
Doctor's Commons
John Budden
Minehead
Somerset
Short Parliament
Archbishop Laud
Wadham College, Oxford
Chancellor
Diocese of London
bishopric
Dean of Arches
Bath and Wells
ecclesiastical
prerogative court
Canterbury
Master of Requests
Charles I
Oxford
Master in Chancery
Civil War
prebendal
Chiswick
Middlesex
St Paul's Cathedral
Dictionary of National Biography
Chelsea
Chiswick
Henry Chichele
Roger Hovenden
Gerard Langbaine the Elder
Claude Joseph de Ferrière
Roman law
anti-papalist
canon law
ancient constitution
Pietro Giannone
Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Sicily
Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew
Bishop Lake
John Prince
Mount Radford, Exeter
Sir Thomas Carew, 1st Baronet
Haccombe
William Harbord
Grafton Park
Northamptonshire
Browne Willis
Google Books
Google Books

categories: 1648 deaths,Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford,Members of Doctors' Commons,English MPs 1624–1625,People of the Stuart period,English MPs 1640 (April),1580 births

paragraph: Arthur Duck

paragraph: Arthur Duck (1580 – 16 December 1648), Doctor of Civil Law (LL.D.) was an English lawyer, author and Member of Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Duck was born at Heavitree, near Exeter, Devon. the younger son of Richard Duck and his wife Joanna. His elder brother was the lawyer Nicholas Duck (1570-1628).

paragraph: Duck was educated at Exeter College, Oxford (B.A., 1599) and Hart Hall, Oxford (M.A., 1602), and was elected a fellow of All Souls in 1604. In 1612 he was made a Doctor of Laws (LL.D.), and in 1614 was admitted as an Advocate of Doctor's Commons. As a jurist Duck was a pupil of John Budden.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1624, Duck became a Member of Parliament for Minehead, Somerset. and again in the Short Parliament of 1640.

paragraph: Duck was associated with the future Archbishop Laud for some years. Duck wrote an opinion that a statute drafted by Laud for Wadham College, Oxford, was not "ultra vires" is mentioned in the Calendar of State Papers in 1625–6. Duck became Chancellor of the Diocese of London at about the time Laud was translated to the bishopric in 1628; by 1633 Duck is recorded as pleading a case for Laud before the King and Council on appeal from the Dean of Arches. Also in 1633, he was placed on the Ecclesiastical Commission. Duck later became Chancellor of Bath and Wells in 1635, and held numerous other ecclesiastical and administrative posts.

paragraph: In 1641, Duck unsuccessfully contested the appointment of Sir William Meyrick as judge of the prerogative court of Canterbury. He was appointed a Master of Requests by Charles I at Oxford in 1643 and Master in Chancery in 1645. In 1648 Charles I, then a prisoner of Parliament, requested that Parliament allow him Duck's help in negotiating a settlement to the Civil War. It is not known if Parliament granted this request.

paragraph: Duck acquired the prebendal manor of Chiswick in Middlesex, held under a lease from St Paul's Cathedral in London. . The "Dictionary of National Biography" records that Duck died in Chelsea in December 1648, and was buried at Chiswick in May 1649. However, Foss lists him as still a Master of Chancery from 1649 to 1650.

paragraph: Section::::Literary works.

paragraph: Duck wrote the following works:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vita Henrici Chichele archiepiscopi Cantuariensis sub regibus Henrico V et VI", Oxford, 1617. A life of Henry Chichele, it was reprinted, ed. William Bates, in "Vitæ Selectorum aliquot Virorum", London, 1681, and was translated anonymously London, 1699. It used an earlier life by Roger Hovenden.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Usu et Authoritate Juris Civilis Romanorum", London, 1653 (assisted by Gerard Langbaine the Elder). It was translated in part by John Beaver in 1724 as "On the Use and Authority of the Civil Law in the Kingdom of England" and bound in the same volume with the translation of Claude Joseph de Ferrière's "History of the Roman Law", London. It gives detailed information on the reception of Roman law in different European countries.

paragraph: According to one commentator, the Chichele biography was anti-papalist and negative about the foundations of canon law. The "De Usu" took a line on the "ancient constitution" that was hostile to royal authority. It raised the general historical question of how law had evolved differently in different states. Pietro Giannone considered this point in relation to the Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage & progeny.

paragraph: Duck was married at Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew by Bishop Lake to Margaret Southworth, daughter of Henry Southworth, merchant, of London and Wells. The couple had two daughters, according to the biographer John Prince, (1643–1723):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martha Duck, who married (1) William Duck, (2) Nicholas Duck (1630–1667), of Mount Radford, Exeter, her first cousin once removed, and (3) Sir Thomas Carew, 1st Baronet, of Haccombe;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Duck, who married William Harbord, MP, of Grafton Park, Northamptonshire.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Browne Willis, "Notitia Parliamentaria" (London, 1750); Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Foss, "The Judges of England", Volume 6 (London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts, 1857); Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gabor Hamza, Entstehung und Entwicklung der modernen Privatrechtsordnungen und die römischrechtliche Tradition, Budapest, 2009. 407 sqq. pp.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Arthur Duck

wikipedia_title: Arthur Duck


text:
condottiero
Forlimpopoli
Rome
Julius III
Republic of Venice
Romagna
Duchy of Savoy
Emmanuel Philibert I of Savoy
Huguenots
Ottoman Empire
Croatia
Friuli
Veneto
Dalmatia
Guidobaldo II della Rovere
Candia

categories: People from Forlì,1578 deaths,1540 births

paragraph: Brunoro II Zempeschi

paragraph: Brunoro II Zampeschi (July 1540 - May 1578) was as an Italian condottiero and lord of Forlimpopoli.

paragraph: He was born at Forlì, the son of Brunoro I Zampeschi. At a young age he married Battistina Savelli, a member of a baronial family of Rome. In 1552, after a series of adventures, he was arrested, and freed only when his mother surrendered the castle of Forlimpopoli to the Papal States. Later Pope Julius III reintegrated him in his possessions.

paragraph: In 1556 he began his soldier career, fighting for the Pope against the Bagno family and the Spaniards. In 1562 as a cavalry captain for the Republic of Venice. In 1564 he returned to his native Romagna, but four years later Zampeschi moved to the Duchy of Savoy, hired by Duke Emmanuel Philibert I of Savoy, to fight against the Huguenots. Later he fought for Venice against the Ottoman Empire in Croatia, Friuli, Veneto and Dalmatia, and was eventually named general governor of Friuli. After a period under Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, he was again hired by Venice, as governor of Candia.

paragraph: In 1557 he returned to Romagna, and died at Forlimpopoli in 1578.

description: Condottiero and lord of Forlimpopoli

wikidata_label: Brunoro II Zempeschi

wikipedia_title: Brunoro II Zempeschi


text:
American
U.S. Army
7th Cavalry Regiment
Indian Wars
Medal of Honor
Battle of Wounded Knee
Wounded Knee Massacre
Grimes County
Galveston, Texas
7th Cavalry Regiment
U.S. Army
New York City
Medal of Honor
Fort Riley, Kansas
Savannah Volunteer Guards
Spanish–American War
Palo Alto, California
List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: United States Army officers,American military personnel of the Indian Wars,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal of Honor,1929 deaths,People from Galveston, Texas,1868 births,Military personnel from New York City

paragraph: William G. Austin

paragraph: William Grafton Austin (January 6, 1868 – July 15, 1929) was an American enlisted man and officer in the U.S. Army who served with the 7th Cavalry Regiment during the Indian Wars. Austin received the Medal of Honor for extraordinary gallantry at the Battle of Wounded Knee, but now called the Wounded Knee Massacre, on December 29, 1890.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: William Grafton Austin was born on January 6, 1868 in Grimes County or Galveston, Texas. He enlisted in E Troop, 7th Cavalry Regiment of the U.S. Army in New York City on January 24, 1887; his age is recorded as 24 (birth year ). He fought in the Battle of Wounded Knee on December 29, 1890 and was awarded the Medal of Honor on June 17, 1891 for actions "while the Indians were concealed in a ravine, assisted men on the skirmish line, directing their fire, etc., and using every effort to dislodge the enemy". He was discharged as a sergeant on January 23, 1892 at Fort Riley, Kansas.

paragraph: After his discharge from the military, Austin returned Savannah, Georgia where he was engaged in the Cotton business. He joined the Savannah Volunteer Guards in 1894 and rose in rank from Private to Captain of Company A, which unit he commanded in the Spanish–American War as part of the Second Georgia Regiment of Volunteers. Austin served as Chief of Police of Savannah and later owned and operated an automobile dealership.

paragraph: During World War I, Austin was appointed as commander of the 302nd Stevedore Regiment. In 1919 Austin is listed as a Colonel in the Officers' Reserve Corps in the Quartermaster section in the State of California. He later retired to Palo Alto, California where he died on July 15, 1929.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company E, 7th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Wounded Knee Creek, S. Dak., December 29, 1890. Entered service at: New York, N.Y. Birth: Galveston, Tex. Date of issue: June 27, 1891.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: While the Indians were concealed in a ravine, assisted men on the skirmish line, directing their fire, etc., and using every effort to dislodge the enemy.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilson, D. Ray. "Terror on the Plains: A Clash of Cultures". Dundee, Illinois: Crossroads Communications, 1999.

wikidata_label: William G. Austin

wikipedia_title: William G. Austin


text:
House of Saud
King Ibn Saud
Saudi Arabia
Allegiance Council
Jeddah
Ibn Saud
South Africa
Saud bin Abdul Aziz

categories: 1932 births,2000 deaths,Burials at al-Adl cemetery

paragraph: Mishari bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

paragraph: Mishari bin Abdulaziz (1932 – 23 May 2000) was a senior member of the House of Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Prince Mishari was a son of King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia and his wife Bushra. He died on 23 May 2000.

paragraph: His son, Prince Muhammad bin Mishari, is a member of the Allegiance Council.

paragraph: Section::::The murder of British diplomat, Cyril Ousman 1951.

paragraph: Cyril Ousman, a British Vice-consul in Jeddah for more than twenty years, had many local Saudi friends, whom he served alcohol in his home. He held a party which Prince Mishari bin Abdul Aziz, aged nineteen, was among the guests. Ousman refused to pour Mishari another drink, since he had already reached maximum dose. Mishari left, and came back shortly carrying a gun and fired into the Ousman's home. His wife Dorothy Ousman was shielded by her husband, and Ousman was shot dead.

paragraph: Ousman was buried next day in Jeddah's non-Muslim cemetery, where his simple marble gravestone can still be seen. In 1952, Abdul Aziz ibn Saud imposed a total ban on alcohol in his kingdom.

paragraph: Mrs Dorothy Ousman left Jeddah quietly, accepting Ibn Saud compensation, on which she lives, in retirement in South Africa. Mishari was sentenced to life imprisonment and put in prison, saved from the death penalty by his royal status. Mishari was released afterwards during the reign of late King Saud bin Abdul Aziz.

description: Saudi Arabian aviator (1932-2000)

wikidata_label: Mishari bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

wikipedia_title: Mishari bin Abdulaziz Al Saud


text:
Saudi Arabia
Ibn Saud
Allegiance Council
Prince Fawwaz
King Fahd
Muqrin bin Abdulaziz
Ibn Saud

paragraph: Hamoud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

paragraph: Hamoud bin Abdulaziz al Saud was the only child of Futaimah Al-Yamania and the youngest son to live to adulthood of the founder of Saudi Arabia, Ibn Saud. Born in 1947, he died on 26 February 1994 at the age of 47 years. He is the only one not represented in the Allegiance Council originally (later joined in similar circumstances by Prince Fawwaz upon his death) because he died without sons, only having one daughter. Some sources say that he died in Saudi Arabia while talking with King Fahd. He was also sometimes threatened by his brothers because he was the youngest of all his siblings. He had a younger half-brother Jiluwi (II) who was born in 1952, but died the same year. He was the youngest surviving son of Abdulaziz until his death in 1994, Thus, making Muqrin bin Abdulaziz the youngest-surviving son of Ibn Saud.

alias: Hamoud bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud

description: Saudi royal

wikidata_label: Hamoud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

wikipedia_title: Hamoud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud


text:
House of Saud
suicide
Abdulaziz ibn Saud
Saudi Arabia
Prince Mamdouh
Prince Mashhur

categories: 1937 births,1958 deaths,Sons of Ibn Saud

paragraph: Thamir bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

paragraph: Thamir bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1937 - 27 June 1958) was a member of the House of Saud. He died young and therefore held no important cabinet position; he committed suicide.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Prince Thamir was the son of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia and Nuf bint Nawwaf bin Nuri Al Shaalan. They married in November 1935. Prince Thamir had two full brothers; Prince Mamdouh and Prince Mashhur.

wikidata_label: Thamir bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

wikipedia_title: Thamir bin Abdulaziz Al Saud


text:
Theban
nomarch
Upper Egypt
First Intermediate Period
Eleventh dynasty
Intef II
Mentuhotep II
Karnak king list
Festival Hall of Thutmose III
Mentuhotep III
Heqaib
Elephantine
Intef I
Intef II
Mentuhotep II
Neferu I
Intef the elder, son of Iku
Herakleopolitan
first cataract
Coptos
10th Dynasty
Lower Egypt
Middle Egypt
Ankhtifi

categories: 22nd-century BC Pharaohs,Mentuhotep I,Nomarchs,People whose existence is disputed

paragraph: Mentuhotep I

paragraph: Mentuhotep I (also Mentuhotep-aa, i.e. "the Great") may have been a Theban nomarch and independent ruler of Upper Egypt during the early First Intermediate Period. Alternatively, Mentuhotep I may be a fictional figure created during the later Eleventh dynasty, which rose to prominence under Intef II and Mentuhotep II, playing the role of a founding father.

paragraph: Section::::Identity.

paragraph: Mentuhotep was possibly a local Egyptian nomarch at Thebes during the early first intermediate period, ca. 2135 BC. The Karnak king list found in the Festival Hall of Thutmose III preserves, in position No. 12, the partial name "Men-" in a royal cartouche, distinct from those of Mentuhotep II (No. 29) or Mentuhotep III (No. 30). The available fragments of the Karnak list do not seem to represent past pharaohs in any chronological order, and thus one cannot ascertain if or when this "Men-" pharaoh lived. Many scholars have argued from the list that a Mentuhotep I, who might have been merely a Theban nomarch, was posthumously given a royal titulary by his successors; thus this conjectured personage is referred to conventionally as "Mentuhotep I".

paragraph: The fact that no contemporary monument can safely be attributed to a king "Mentuhotep I" has led some Egyptologists to propose that he is a fictional ancestor and founder of the Eleventh dynasty, invented for that purpose during the later part of the dynasty.

paragraph: On the base of a statue from the sanctuary of Heqaib on Elephantine, a Mentuhotep is referred to as ""Father of the gods"". This title probably refers to Mentuhotep's immediate successors, Intef I and Intef II who reigned as kings over Upper Egypt. From this title, many Egyptologists argued that this Mentuhotep was probably the father of Intef I and II, and also that he was never a pharaoh, as this title was usually reserved for the non-royal ancestors of pharaohs.

paragraph: The throne name of Mentuhotep is unknown; since he might not have been a king, or no subsequent 11th Dynasty king bore any throne name until Mentuhotep II, it is probable that he never had one. His Horus name "Tepi-a", "The ancestor" was certainly given to him posthumously.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Mentuhotep's wife might have been Neferu I and the statue from Heqaib may be interpreted to show that he was the father of Intef I and II. The Karnak king list has apparently one non-royal personage (without cartouche), named Intef, in position no. 13. This could possibly refer to "Intef the elder, son of Iku", a Theban nomarch loyal to the Herakleopolitan kings in the early first intermediate period. However, the kings on the remaining fragments are not listed in chronological order, so this is not at all certain.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: As Theban nomarch, Mentuhotep's dominion perhaps extended south to the first cataract. Mentuhotep might hypothetically have formed an alliance with the nomarch of Coptos, which then brought his successor Intef I to war with the Herakleopolitan kings of the 10th Dynasty ruling over Lower Egypt and their powerful nomarch allies in Middle Egypt, in particular Ankhtifi.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Mentuhotep I

wikipedia_title: Mentuhotep I


text: German

text: admiral

text: World War I

text: submarine warfare

text: United Kingdom

text: Order of the Black Eagle

text: Pour le Mérite

text: Grand Admiral

text: Imperial German Navy

text: Berlin

text: Franco-Prussian War

text: Boxer Rebellion

text: East Asia Squadron

text: Imperial Shipyard at Danzig

text: I Battle Squadron

text: High Seas Fleet

text: British Royal Navy

text: Prussian House of Lords

text: World War I

text: Imperial Admiralty Staff

text: Pless conference

text: Merchant Navy

text: convoys

text: Großadmiral

text: Oberste Heeresleitung

text: Reinhard Scheer

text: Uckermark district

text: Order of the Black Eagle

text: Order of the Red Eagle

text: Order of the Crown

text: Pour le Mérite

text: House Order of Hohenzollern

text: Iron Cross

text: Service Award

text: Order of the Zähringer Lion

text: Military Merit Order

text: Hanseatic Cross

text: Order of the Griffon

text: Friedrich August Cross

text: Order of the White Falcon

text: Order of the Crown

text: Order of Leopold

text: excerpt

categories: 1853 births,Recipients of the Order of the Black Eagle,People from Berlin,Grand admirals of the Imperial German Navy,Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class),German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War,Members of the Prussian House of Lords,Grand Crosses of the Order of the Red Eagle,German nobility,Naval history of Germany,People from the Province of Brandenburg,Knights Commander Second Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion,Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class,Recipients of the Friedrich-August-Kreuz, 1st class,Recipients of the Order of the White Falcon,Imperial German Navy admirals of World War I,Commanders of the House Order of Hohenzollern,Recipients of the Military Merit Order (Bavaria), 1st class,1919 deaths,Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Bremen),Grand Crosses of the House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (Württemberg)

paragraph: Henning von Holtzendorff

paragraph: Henning Rudolf Adolf Karl von Holtzendorff (January 9, 1853 – June 7, 1919) was a German admiral during World War I, who became famous for his December 1916 memo about unrestricted submarine warfare against the United Kingdom. He was a recipient of Order of the Black Eagle and the Pour le Mérite with oak leaves and was one of just six Grand Admirals of the Imperial German Navy.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Holtzendorff was born into a noble family in Berlin on January 9, 1853. He joined the navy in 1869, served in the Franco-Prussian War and afterwards as a staff officer in the West Africa Squadron. Promoted to captain in 1897; he was present during the Boxer Rebellion as commander of a cruiser in the East Asia Squadron. He served as chief of staff at the Baltic Sea Naval Station and was director of the Imperial Shipyard at Danzig, before becoming a Vice Admiral in 1904. Two years later he was appointed commander of the I Battle Squadron. By 1909 he commanded the High Seas Fleet, becoming a full Admiral in the next year. In 1913 he was forced into retirement due to his opposition of rapid German naval expansion in competition with the British Royal Navy. In the same year he became a member of the Prussian House of Lords.

paragraph: In 1915, after World War I broke out, he was recalled to duty to serve as head of the Imperial Admiralty Staff. During his retirement Holtzendorff converted into a strong proponent of unrestricted submarine warfare. He published a memo in December 1916 that was presented to Kaiser Wilhelm II and approved at the Pless conference in January 1917. The belief that unrestricted submarine warfare would starve Britain and bring about its demise was predicted, with the statement that the United Kingdom will be forced to sue for peace within six months. He also stated that the risk of American intervention could be taken and ignored. His policy succeeded in disturbing both the Royal and the Merchant Navy with Allied shipping losses over 6 million GRT in 1917. His submarines became less successful when convoys were introduced, the US joined the war, and Britain was not compelled to surrender. He did not believe the US would be able to join the war, and thought his submarines would back up his belief.

paragraph: Holtzendorff was promoted to the rank of Großadmiral on July 31, 1918; the sixth and final appointment to that rank in the Imperial Navy. He was retired again after quarrels about war aims with the "Oberste Heeresleitung" (Supreme Army Command) in August 1918 and replaced by Admiral Reinhard Scheer. He was the husband of Margarethe Zitelmann and adoptive father to her widowed sister-in-law's two daughters. Admiral Holtzendorff died in the Uckermark district on June 7, 1919.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Black Eagle with Collar (Prussia, 19 September 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle with oak leaves and swords on rings (Prussia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Crown, 1st class (Prussia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pour le Mérite (22 March 1917) with oak leaves (1 February 1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with Star and Swords

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iron Cross, 1st and 2nd class

paragraph: BULLET::::- Service Award (Prussia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander Second Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion (Baden)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military Merit Order, 1st class with Swords (Bavaria)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hanseatic Crosses of Bremen and Hamburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Cross of the Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary Grand Cross of the House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis (Oldenburg)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich August Cross, 1st class (Oldenburg)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Cross of the House Order of the White Falcon (Weimar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (Württemberg)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold (Austria)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dirk Steffen, "The Holtzendorff Memorandum of 22 December 1916 and Germany's Declaration of Unrestricted U-boat Warfare." "Journal of Military History" 68.1 (2004): 215-224. excerpt

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Holtzendorff Memo (English translation) with notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Acta Borussica Volume 10 Online (in German)

description: German admiral

wikidata_label: Henning von Holtzendorff

wikipedia_title: Henning von Holtzendorff


text:
nomarch
Thebes
First Intermediate Period
11th Dynasty
Horus name
El-Tarif
Montu
Tod
Mentuhotep II
Intef (II) Wahankh
Intef (III) Nakht-neb-tep-nefer
Karnak king list
Mentuhotep I
Turin Canon
pharaonic
Horus name
Mentuhotep I
Neferu I
nomarch
10th Dynasty
Herakleopolis Magna
Ankhtifi
Hierakonpolis
Elephantine
Theban Desert Road Survey
Ra
Coptite
Tjauti
Abydos

categories: 22nd-century BC Pharaohs,21st-century BC Pharaohs,Pharaohs of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt,Nomarchs

paragraph: Intef I

paragraph: Sehertawy Intef I was a local nomarch at Thebes during the early First Intermediate Period and the first member of the 11th Dynasty to lay claim to a Horus name. Intef reigned from 4 to 16 years c. 2120 BC or c. 2070 BC during which time he probably waged war with his northern neighbor, the Coptite nomarch Tjauti. Intef was buried in a saff tomb at El-Tarif, known today as Saff el-Dawaba.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Intef is known for certain from only one near-contemporary monument: two inscribed blocks from the temple of Montu at Tod which were erected during Mentuhotep II's reign. The blocks represent Mentuhotep II facing the names of three of his ancestors which are identified by their proper name (nomen) and Horus name.

paragraph: These are Intef (I) Sehertawy, Intef (II) Wahankh and Intef (III) Nakht-neb-tep-nefer (although in this case only the Horus names Sehertawy and Wahankh are preserved). This relief establishes the succession of kings of the 11th Dynasty.

paragraph: There are no contemporary monuments which can be positively attributed to Intef I. A possible exception is a short inscription discovered in the western desert: ""the assault troops of the son of Re, Intef"". In the original publication of the inscription this king Intef is identified with Intef I, although Intef II has also been proposed as a possibility. The inscription is located in the vicinity of an inscription commissioned by the contemporary Coptite nomarch named Tjauti (see below).

paragraph: Intef I is most likely attested on later king lists, but this remains uncertain as his name is either lost or damaged. In the Karnak king list a king Intef appears next to "Men...", most likely Mentuhotep I, as part of the latter's Horus name, "the ancestor", is still visible. The few remains of Intef I's Horus name fit to Sehertawy. The name and duration of the reign of Intef I are not preserved in the Turin Canon, although from an analysis of the available space, it is possible that Intef I was mentioned in what is now a lacuna affecting entry 5.13. The durations of the reigns of the other 11th Dynasty kings are preserved in the Turin Canon and add up to 127 years. Furthermore, the summary of reigns of this Dynasty is also preserved in the Turin Canon and is given as 143 years. On the strength of these much later fragments, the two lost reigns of Mentuhotep I and Intef I have been calculated to add up to 16 years, further implying that Intef's reign lasted for less than 16 years. Thus the duration of Intef's reign is often reported to be between 4 and 16 years. Intef I was succeeded by his brother Intef II who pursued the war with the northern neighbors of the Theban kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Sehertawy Intef I was the first member of his Dynasty to assume a pharaonic title with the Horus name of Sehertawy variously rendered as ""Maker of peace in the two lands"", ""He who has brought calm to the two Lands"" and ""Pacifier of the two lands"". Intef's parents may possibly have been Mentuhotep I and Neferu I.

paragraph: By taking a Horus name with both crowns, Intef declared himself ruler of all Egypt. However, his authority was contested by the other nomarchs of Egypt, chief among them being the 10th Dynasty rulers at Herakleopolis Magna who also laid claim to the title of pharaoh and their powerful ally Ankhtifi, nomarch of Hierakonpolis, and a faithful follower of the Herakleopolitan Dynasty. On his accession to the Theban throne, Intef probably ruled only the Theban (fourth) nome, but it is conjectured that after defeating Ankhtifi or one of his successors, Intef acquired the three nomes to the south of Thebes, down to Elephantine, and to the north all territories south of the border with the Coptite nome. Alternatively, this may have been achieved by Intef's predecessor Mentuhotep I. Both hypotheses remain conjectural given the paucity of historical records on this period.

paragraph: Intef I got rapidly embroiled in a war with his northern neighbors. A graffito discovered by the Theban Desert Road Survey in the Gebel Tjauti northwest of Thebes reports the presence there of "the assault troops of the son of Ra, Intef". It has been posited that this inscription refers to Intef I whose soldiers were fighting the Coptite nomarch Tjauti. In support of this hypothesis is a nearby worn out stele erected by Tjauti reporting the construction of a road to allow his people to cross the desert "which the ruler of another nome had sealed off [when he came in order to] fight with my nome...". Although not named explicitly, Darell Baker and other Egyptologists contend that this ruler must either be Intef I or his successor Intef II. In any case, the subsequent defeat of Tjauti ultimately put Koptos, Dendera and the three nomes of Hierakonpolis under Theban control, expanding the Theban kingdom 250 km northward with a border near Abydos.

paragraph: Section::::Tomb.

paragraph: Intef's funerary complex was dug in a hill side at El-Tarif on the opposite bank of the Nile at Thebes and is known today as Saff el-Dawaba. The site of El-Tarif comprises three monumental royal tombs, known as saff tombs. Inscriptions found in one tomb indicate that it belonged to Wahankh Intef II, Intef I's successor. At the opposite, the Saff el-Dawaba is devoid of inscriptions but yielded the earliest type of pottery found at El-Tarif and, for this reason, is most often assigned to Intef I.

paragraph: The Saff el-Dawaba comprises a large sunken courtyard backed by a colonnade leading to a mortuary chapel carved into the hill and flanked by two chambers. The burial chamber of Intef I was dug beneath the mortuary chapel.

alias:
Antef I
Inyotef I
Sehertawy

description: 11th dynasty (Theban) Pharaoh

wikidata_label: Intef I

wikipedia_title: Intef I


text:
Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
First Intermediate Period
Thebes
El-Tarif
Mentuhotep I
Neferu I
Intef I
Intef III
nomarch
Ankhtifi
nomes
First Cataract
kings of Herakleopolis Magna
Abydos
Heqaib
Amun
Karnak
Turin Canon
Old Kingdom
British Museum
Yebu
Abydos
Ka
Middle Egypt
Thinis
Elkab
Karnak
Satet
Khnum
Elephantine
El-Tarif
Ramses IX
20th Dynasty
Abbott Papyrus
pyramid
stela
Wolfram Grajetzki

categories: 22nd-century BC Pharaohs,21st-century BC Pharaohs,Pharaohs of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt

paragraph: Intef II

paragraph: Wahankh Intef II (also Inyotef II and Antef II) was the third ruler of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. He reigned for almost fifty years from 2112 BC to 2063 BC. His capital was located at Thebes. In his time, Egypt was split between several local dynasties. He was buried in a saff tomb at El-Tarif.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Intef's parents were Mentuhotep I and Neferu I. His predecessor Intef I may have been his brother. Intef was succeeded by his son Intef III.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: After the death of the nomarch Ankhtifi, Intef was able to unite all the southern nomes down to the First Cataract. After this he clashed with his main rivals, the kings of Herakleopolis Magna for the possession of Abydos. The city changed hands several times, but Intef II was eventually victorious, extending his rule north to the thirteenth nome.

paragraph: After these wars, more friendly relations were established and the rest of Intef's reign was peaceful. The discovery of a statue of Intef II, wrapped in a "sed" festival robe, in the sanctuary of Heqaib at Elephantine suggests that this king's authority extended to the region of the First Cataract and, perhaps, over part of Lower Nubia by his 30th year. This impression would appear to be confirmed by an expedition led by Djemi from Gebelein to the land of Wawat (i.e.: Nubia) during his reign. Consequently, when Intef II died, he left behind a strong government in Thebes which controlled the whole of Upper Egypt and maintained a border just south of Asyut.

paragraph: The earliest attested dating of the god Amun at Karnak occurs during his reign. The surviving sections of the Turin Canon for the Middle Kingdom assign this king a reign of 49 years.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Titulary.

paragraph: Intef II apparently never held the full royal fivefold titulary of the Old Kingdom pharaohs. He did, however, claim the dual kingship "nswt bity" and the title "s3-Re" son of Ra, which emphasizes the divine nature of kingship. Finally, upon accession to the Theban throne, Intef II added the Horus name Wahankh, "enduring of life", to his birth name.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Officials.

paragraph: We know the name and activities of some of the officials who served under Intef II :

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tjetjy was the chief treasurer and king’s chamberlain of Intef II and Intef III. His finely carved tomb stele, now at the British Museum, shows that Intef II claimed the dual throne of Egypt but also recognizes the limited extent of his rule: ""The horus Wahankh, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, son of Re, Intef, born of Nefru, he who lives eternally like Re, [...] this land was under his rule southwards as far as Yebu and reaching as far north as Abydos"". Tjetjy then describes his career in the typical self-laudatory manner of the Egyptian elite. Most importantly, the text demonstrates the undisputed power of the king in the Theban kingdom of the 11th Dynasty ""I was a trustworthy favorite of my lord, an official great of heart and quiet of temper in the palace of his lord [...]. I am one who loved good and hated evil, one who was loved in the palace of his lord, one who performed every duty in obedience to the will of his lord. Indeed, as for every task which he commanded me to undertake [...], I performed it rightly and justly. Never did I disobey the orders he gave me; never did I substitute one thing for another [...]. Moreover, as for every responsibility of the royal palace which the majesty of my lord committed to me, and for which he caused me to perform some task, I did it for him in accordance with everything which his Ka desired.""

paragraph: BULLET::::- Djary was a military officer who fought the Herakleopolitan forces in the Abydene nome during Intef II's armies' northward push. His stele recounts the struggle for the control over Middle Egypt: ""Intef fought the house of Khety to the north of Thinis"".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hetepy was an official from Elkab who administered the three southernmost nomes of Intef II's realm. This means that there were no nomarchs in Theban-controlled territories. Just as in the case of Tjetjy, the constant reference to the king in Hetepy's stele demonstrates the centralized organization of the government of the Theban kingdom and the power of the king, to whom everything was due: ""I was one beloved of my Lord and praised by the lord of this land and his majesty truly made this servant happy. His majesty said: 'There is no one who [. . .] of (my) good command, but Hetepy!', and this servant did it exceedingly well, and his majesty praised this servant on account of it"". Finally, Hetepy's stele mentions a famine that occurred during Intef II's reign.

paragraph: Section::::Monuments.

paragraph: On his funerary stele Intef emphasizes his monument building activities. It is significant that the earliest surviving fragment of royal construction at Karnak is an octagonal column bearing Intef II's name. Intef II is also the first ruler to build chapels for Satet and Khnum on the island of Elephantine. In fact, Intef II started a tradition of royal building activities in the provincial temples of Upper Egypt which was to last throughout the Middle Kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Monuments.:Tomb.

paragraph: Intef's tomb in El-Tarif at Thebes is a saff tomb. Saff stands for "row" in Arabic and refers to the double row of columns and entry ways fronting a large trapezoidal courtyard at the eastern end of which was a mortuary chapel. This chapel may have been intended to serve the same purpose as a valley temple.

paragraph: Intef II's tomb was investigated by a royal commission during the reign of Ramses IX, toward the end of the 20th Dynasty, as many royal tombs were being plundered at the time. As reported on the Abbott Papyrus, The commission noted that:

paragraph: ""The pyramid-tomb of king Si-Rêˁ In-ˁo "(i.e. Intef II)" which is north of the House of Amenḥotpe of the Forecourt and whose pyramid is crushed down upon it [. . .]. Examined this day; it was found intact."" No remains of this pyramid have been found yet.

paragraph: Following the tradition of his nomarch ancestors, Intef II erected a biographical stele in the entrance of his tomb which relates the events of his reign and credits him with 50 years of reign. A stela mentioning the king's dogs was also said to be set up before the tomb. Another stela mentioning a dog named Beha was discovered, but it was found near the offering chapel.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolfram Grajetzki, "The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History, Archaeology and Society", Duckworth, London 2006 , 12-15

alias:
Antef II
Inyotef II

description: Egyptian Pharaoh

wikidata_label: Intef II

wikipedia_title: Intef II


text:
Saint-Maurice
slalom canoeist
K1 event
2012 Summer Olympics
London
K1 event
2008 Summer Olympics
Beijing
ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
2013
2006
2014
2015
European Championships
Légion d'honneur

categories: Olympic canoeists of France,Canoeists at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Olympic gold medalists for France,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics,European champions for France,Canoeists at the 2008 Summer Olympics,French female canoeists,1983 births,Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships,Living people,Olympic medalists in canoeing

paragraph: Émilie Fer

paragraph: Émilie Fer (born 17 February 1983 in Saint-Maurice) is a French slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 2000 to 2016.

paragraph: She won a gold medal in the K1 event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. She also finished seventh in the K1 event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

paragraph: Fer won four medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with three golds (K1: 2013; K1 team: 2006, 2014) and a bronze (K1 team: 2015). She also six medals at the European Championships (1 gold, 2 silvers and 3 bronzes).

paragraph: On 1 January 2013, Fer was made a Knight (Chevalier) of the Légion d'honneur.

paragraph: She announced her retirement in 2017.

description: French canoeist

wikidata_label: Émilie Fer

wikipedia_title: Émilie Fer


text:
Athens
Greek
shot put
discus throw
1999 World Youth Championships
2000 World Junior Championships
2008 Olympic Games
Patras
Stanozolol

categories: Sportspeople from Athens,Greek sportspeople in doping cases,Greek male shot putters,Greek male discus throwers,Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Doping cases in athletics,Olympic athletes of Greece,Living people,Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics,1982 births

paragraph: Michalis Stamatogiannis

paragraph: Michalis Stamatogiannis (; born 20 May 1982 in Athens) is a Greek shot putter.

paragraph: He finished tenth (in discus throw) at the 1999 World Youth Championships and ninth at the 2000 World Junior Championships. He also competed at the 2008 Olympic Games without reaching the final.

paragraph: His personal best is 20.17 metres, achieved on 20 July 2011 in Patras. In the indoor track he has set a Greek record of 20.36 metres.

paragraph: Stamatogiannis was found guilty for doping violation in May 2014 and got 2 years ban until July 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Doping.

paragraph: Stamatogiannis tested positive for the anabolic steroid Stanozolol on 31 May 2014, and was subsequently handed a two-year ban from sport.

description: Greek throws athlete

wikidata_label: Michalis Stamatogiannis

wikipedia_title: Michalis Stamatogiannis