text: Daina Augaitis

text: Banff Centre for the Arts

text: Bill Viola

text: Musee d’art contemporain de Montreal

text: Susan Hobbs Gallery

text: The Canadian Art Database

categories: Interdisciplinary artists,20th-century Canadian women artists,People with chronic fatigue syndrome,1962 births,2011 deaths,Canadian installation artists

paragraph: Laurie Walker (artist)

paragraph: Laurie Walker (February 2, 1962 – February 11, 2011) was a Canadian interdisciplinary artist who produced large scale installations merging mythology and scientific references. She was widely exhibited in Canadian art museums and galleries, and discussed in numerous articles and monographs from 1987 to the early 2000s.

paragraph: Section::::Artistic periods.

paragraph: Walker's work was consistently ambitious in its use of materials up until her diagnosis with CFIDS.

paragraph: Section::::Artistic periods.:Early work.

paragraph: Walker’s early installations combined botanical illustrations with industrial machinery. Utilizing diverse materials (such as: steel, copper, paraffin, watercolour on paper, book, pressed plant, glass, oak, Carrara marble, Belgian black marble, oak, beeswax and more...) Walker analyzed sculptural ciphers across knowledge domains. The theorist Daina Augaitis wrote (in a 1991 essay published by the Banff Centre for the Arts entitled ‘Seeing nature: and the works of Bill Viola and Laurie Walker’): "Each of these works draws on layers of reference which entwine historically constructed notions of knowledge, authority and beauty with contemporary understandings of natural environments."

paragraph: In the first decade after her graduation from university (1987-), Walker's signature style paid rigorous attention to materials. She explored personal identity transformed through a synthesis of ancient mythological references, industrial tools, taxidermy, botanical illustrations and biological organisms (bioluminescent bacteria, pigs bladders, etc...). In 1994, this culminated in a solo show: "Laurie Walker - Seeing Blue" at the Musee d’art contemporain de Montreal, Montreal, QC. The curator of ‘Seeing Blue’, Pierre Landry described how: "The strange seductive power of these works stems as much from the mastery they show in their use of techniques and material, both varied (wood, copper, marble, watercolor) and sometimes, uncommon (peat moss, bioluminescent bacteria…) as from the symbolic information…"

paragraph: In 1994, the critic John Armstrong reiterated these assessments in a review of Walker’s work: "The natural, here as in her other works, is committed to representation's own symbiotic narratives."

paragraph: Section::::Artistic periods.:Mid-career (1995-2005).

paragraph: In her mid career, Walker’s research interests expanded to include biomedical appendages, taxidermy, neurology, projection and EEG. Her eclectic use of materials explored combinations of the organic and synthetic: Kheper beetle, gold leaf, sheep manure, peat moss, overhead projectors, water, IV bags, glass, watercolours on enlarged EEG printouts. In many respects, Walker’s distinctive hybrid creation constituted a unique sculptural vocabulary.

paragraph: The Oboro catalog for Walker’s show ‘Portrait of the Artist as a Wave’ (2001) analyzed her work as follows: "Since the late 1980’s Laurie Walker has developed a singular body of work. The large sculptures and the drawings she has produced since that time have been nourished by interrogations concerning the forces of nature, spirituality and science... The installation at OBORO takes us this time into the world of sleep, inviting us to consider some of its phenomena...In a concrete way A Portrait of the Artist as a Wave is an interaction of light and water waves with patterns of the artist’s brain waves. In the words of the artist: "The work acts as a meditation on the flux of time and the nature of the wave while representing the mind as both scientific data and subjective imagery."’

paragraph: Section::::Artistic periods.:Later life (illness and final works).

paragraph: From the early 2000s onward, Walker’s output as an artist and career profile diminished after she was struck by Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS). Walker’s last decade of life was lived in seclusion in Montreal, looking for a cure for CFIDS. According to her obituary, even as Walker’s illness negatively impacted her capacity to work, she developed hypotheses and made contributions to research into the origins of CFIDS.

paragraph: While chronically ill, from 2005-2008, Walker completed a set of four large-scale drawings entitled "Prometheus Rebound" which were exhibited at Susan Hobbs Gallery in Toronto after her death in 2011. The catalog for that show states: "Walker’s work held a high degree of fabrication, and was deliberately made from materials carrying weighty symbolic charges that echoed her deep interest in the natural sciences, ancient mythology, and environmental concerns. Her journals are a testament to her thorough research on these topics while also containing some ruminations on the chronic illness that affected the last years of her life and her more recent work.". As stated in NOW magazine: "Walker’s last drawings are a window into an eclectic and unique art practice that compressed weighty conundrums into elegant images."

paragraph: Section::::General information.

paragraph: Section::::General information.:Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musee d’art contemporain de Montreal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musee du Quebec, Quebec

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musee regional de Rimouski, Quebec

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musée des beaux arts de Montréal, Montréal

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susan Hobbs Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Canadian Art Database

description: artist

wikidata_label: Laurie Walker

wikipedia_title: Laurie Walker (artist)


text: Gothic

text: Tervings

text: Roman emperor

text: Aurelian

text: Germanic peoples

text: Roman Empire

text: Roman borders

text: Balkan peninsula

text: Black Sea

text: Aegean Sea

text: magister equitum

text: Claudius Gothicus

text: plague

text: Quintillus

text: Vandals

text: Juthungi

text: Italy

text: Danube

text: Palmyrene Empire

text: triumph

text: Amazons

text: Dacia

text: Historia Augusta

text: Cniva

text: Decius

text: Battle of Abrittus

text: cacography

text: cannabis

text: Timothy Barnes

text: Edmund Groag

text: Peter Heather

text: Herwig Wolfram

text: Thervingi

text: Crisis of the Third Century

text: Aurelian

text: Cniva

categories: 3rd-century monarchs in Europe,3rd-century Gothic people,Gothic warriors,Gothic kings,271 deaths,Crisis of the Third Century

paragraph: Cannabaudes

paragraph: Cannabaudes or Cannabas († 271) was a third-century leader of the Gothic tribe of the Tervings, who died in a battle against the Roman emperor Aurelian.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In the third century many Germanic peoples invaded the Roman Empire and plundered the border regions. Among these, the Goths were the biggest people crossing the Roman borders and devastating the Balkan peninsula and also the coasts of the Black Sea and even the Aegean Sea.

paragraph: Especially while emperor Aurelian, the magister equitum of emperor Claudius Gothicus, who had died of the plague, was fighting the dead emperor’s brother and rightful heir Quintillus and later the Vandals and Juthungi in Italy, Tervings under their leader Cannabaudes devastated the provinces of the lower Danube and sacked some cities.

paragraph: On his march to the East to reintegrate the Palmyrene Empire to the Roman Empire, Aurelian drove them out of his empire and, unlike others before him, followed them over the Danube. It came to a battle, and Cannabaudes died along with 5,000 of his men.

paragraph: For this victory Aurelian received the surname Gothicus Maximus. At his triumph after his victory over the Palmyrene Empire, he carried with him Gothic women, dressed as Amazons, and a chariot, carried by four stags, that is said to have belonged to Cannabaudes.

paragraph: Despite his victory over Cannabaudes, Aurelian abandoned the province of Dacia, which was populated by barbaric tribes such as the Goths.

paragraph: So, Aurelian had averted the Gothic menace for a century. On one hand, they were frightened off, on the other hand they were busy with the vacant lands in Dacia.

paragraph: How powerful Cannabaudes was, is not sure. While some historians call him a king of the Goths, others believe that he was only one more powerful leader among many.

paragraph: The only ancient source mentioning his name is the "Historia Augusta", which is not always reliable for this time. Nevertheless, Cannabaudes is seen as a historic person by most historians.

paragraph: Some historians want to identify Cannabaudes with Cniva, the Gothic leader who defeated and killed emperor Decius at the Battle of Abrittus twenty years earlier, others think he might rather be his son.

paragraph: In the altered form of his name, Cannabas, Herwig Wolfram assumes a cacography of the name Cannabaudes, to make it sound like cannabis.

paragraph: Section::::Ancient sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia Augusta, vita Aureliani.

paragraph: Section::::Modern literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolf von Barloewen: Geschichte der Germanen bis 376 n.Chr., in: Wolf von Barloewen [ed.]: Abriss der Geschichte antiker Randkulturen, Oldenbourg, Munich 1961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timothy Barnes: The Sources of the Historia Augusta, Ed. Latomus, Brüssel 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Burns: A History of the Ostrogoths, Indiana Univ.Press, Bloomington 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Gerhardt, Udo Hartmann: Fasti, Die germanischen Herrscher, in: Klaus-Peter Johne [ed.]: Die Zeit der Soldatenkaiser, Berlin 2008, p. 1192-1198.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andreas Goltz: Die Völker an der mittleren und nordöstlichen Reichsgrenze, in: Klaus-Peter Johne [ed.]: Die Zeit der Soldatenkaiser, Berlin 2008, p. 449-464.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmund Groag: Domitius [36] Aurelian, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft V 1, Stuttgart 1903, p. 1347-1419.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Udo Hartmann: Claudius Gothicus und Aurelian, in: Klaus-Peter Johne [ed.]: Die Zeit der Soldatenkaiser, Berlin 2008, p. 297-324.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Heather: The Goths, Blackwell, Oxford, Cambridge/Massachusetts 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Kulikowski: Rome’s Gothic Wars, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge u.a. 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruno Rappaport: Die Einfälle der Goten in das Römische Reich bis auf Constantin, Hirschfeld, Leipzig 1899.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alaric Watson: Aurelian and the third Century, London, New York 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herwig Wolfram: Die Goten, Beck, Munich ³1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herwig Wolfram: Kniva, Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 17, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2001, p. 34-37.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herwig Wolfram: Die Goten und ihre Geschichte, Beck, Munich ²2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herwig Wolfram: Gotische Studien, Beck, Munich 2005.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thervingi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crisis of the Third Century

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aurelian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cniva

description: Gothic leader

wikidata_label: Cannabaudes

wikipedia_title: Cannabaudes


text:
Earl of Buchan
Robert the Bruce
War of Scottish Independence
John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch
Dumfries
Battle of Barra
England
Harrying of Buchan
Comyns
Norman
David I
William Comyn
Henry I of England
Chancellor of Scotland
French
William Comyn
Justiciar of Scotia
Marjorie
Fergus
mormaer of Buchan
Alexander
Carrick
Walter Comyn
Lordship of Badenoch
Lochaber
Aberdeenshire
Loch Linnhe
Alexander II
Alexander III
John Balliol
Margaret, Maid of Norway
Canmore
competitors
Robert Bruce of Annandale
John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch
Edward I
feudal
alliance
John, the Red Comyn
Carlisle
Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick
Battle of Dunbar
Montrose
Tower of London
Andrew Moray
William Wallace
Hugh de Cressingham
Guisborough Chronicle
Battle of Stirling Bridge
St Andrews
William Lamberton
John Fordun
John Barbour
Battle of Falkirk
Peebles
Justiciar North of the Forth
Aberdeen
Galloway
sheriff of Wigtown
River Clyde
Paris
Battle of Roslin
Philip IV
Perth
Wales
John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond
Westminster
Edward Balliol
Dumfries
Scone
Stone of Scone
Earl of Fife
Isabella MacDuff
Edward II
Argyllshire
Slioch
Huntly
Battle of Inverurie
Harrying of Buchan
Alice Comyn
Henry Beaumont
Second War of Scottish Independence
Camden Society
Earl of Buchan

categories: 13th-century mormaers,Earls or mormaers of Buchan,Year of birth unknown,1308 deaths,Clan Comyn,People of the Wars of Scottish Independence

paragraph: John Comyn, Earl of Buchan

paragraph: John Comyn, 3rd Earl of Buchan (died 1308) was a chief opponent of Robert the Bruce in the civil war that paralleled the War of Scottish Independence. He should not be confused with the better known John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, who was his cousin, and who was killed by Bruce in Dumfries in March 1306. Confusion between the two men has affected the study of this period of history.

paragraph: Buchan was the representative of a family that had long dominated the politics of Scotland. He was defeated by Bruce at the Battle of Barra and was forced to flee to England. Bruce's subsequent Harrying of Buchan destroyed support for the Comyns in northern Scotland. This defeat, together with Comyn's death that year, produced a significant and lasting shift in the balance of power in Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Comyns of Buchan.

paragraph: The Comyns, a family of Norman origin, first made their appearance in Scotland during the reign of David I. In 1136 William Comyn, who had formerly been in the service of Henry I of England, became Chancellor of Scotland. William Comyn was part of a new class of French-speaking foreigners whose power and status in Scotland was entirely dependent on their service to the king. They were to be used by David and his successors in extending royal authority to the semi-independent fringes of the kingdom. The Comyns first grants of land were in the south of Scotland. In 1212 they made their most significant advance when William Comyn, Justiciar of Scotia, married Marjorie, the only child and heir of Fergus, the "earl" or mormaer of Buchan. The lordship encompassed a large area in the north-east of Scotland. When their son Alexander succeeded them, the Comyns became the first family of Norman origin to acquire comital status in Scotland . This allowed Comyns to gain a head start on the Bruces, also of Norman-French origin, who did not acquire the earldom of Carrick until the later thirteenth century. William also advanced Comyn power by acquiring for his son, Walter Comyn, the southern section of the old earldom of Moray, the Lordship of Badenoch, which also included the more westerly district of Lochaber. By the middle of the thirteenth century Comyn leadership thus extended from the shores of Aberdeenshire westwards all the way to Loch Linnhe. The family remained in power through the successive reigns of Alexander II and Alexander III; but they might be said to have reached the heights of their power and influence during the reign of John Balliol .

paragraph: Section::::Competitors and kings.

paragraph: In 1290 Margaret, Maid of Norway, the last descendant of the Canmore dynasty, died, leaving the Scottish throne with no clear successor. Thirteen competitors came forward, including Robert Bruce of Annandale, grandfather of the future king, and John Balliol. Although John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, sometimes known as the Black Comyn, was one of the minor competitors, the weight of the family was behind the claim of Balliol, Badenoch's brother-in-law. Following the intervention of Edward I, Balliol finally emerged in 1292 as the strongest claimant in terms of feudal law, though the Bruce family was not reconciled to this outcome. Any successful future bid for the crown could only proceed with the co-operation, or by the destruction, of the house of Comyn. By 1292 the great division which was to dominate Scottish politics on and off for over fifty years had taken definite shape.

paragraph: Section::::John of Buchan.

paragraph: John Comyn became third earl of Buchan following the death of his father, Alexander, in 1289. Comyn was some 30 years of age at the time. He was prominent in John Balliol's administration, emerging as Constable of Scotland by 1293. He was one of those summoned by Edward I, in his capacity as the Feudal overlord of Scotland, to serve in the wars in France. When King John agreed to the demands of the English king for Scottish participation in the war, Buchan and others, took management of the kingdom into their own hands. The new government concluded an alliance with France and prepared for war with England. In the first act of that war Buchan, along with his cousin, John, the Red Comyn, son of the Black Comyn and nephew of King John, led an attack on Carlisle. This attack was under the command of Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, son of the competitor. Thus it might be said that what was to become the War of Scottish Independence opened with a clash between the Comyns and the Bruces.

paragraph: The attack on Carlisle was a failure; so too was the whole Scottish campaign of 1296. Edward, having knocked out the main Scottish host at the Battle of Dunbar, moved North in rapid stages. Buchan and King John surrendered at Montrose in July, along with other leading Scottish nobles. John of Buchan was stripped of the symbols of power and taken south to the Tower of London. Buchan was imprisoned in England south of the River Trent. In June 1297, he promised to serve in the army against France. That same year Scotland was engulfed in a widespread rebellion, led by Andrew Moray in the North and William Wallace in the South of the country. Moray's rising was of particular interest to Buchan, because it touched on the borders of his own estates. It was with the intention of bringing Moray under control, that Edward finally sent Buchan back to his home in July, 1297.

paragraph: Section::::War of the Comyns.

paragraph: For Buchan, the task of bringing Moray under control would demand diplomatic skill, involving national politics and family loyalties. Moray was known to him, as the son of his close neighbor Sir Andrew Moray of Petty and Avoch. Andrew Moray, at the time, was still in prison in England. Long political allies, there was also a family association between the Morays and the Comyns. Sir Andrew had taken as his second wife Euphemia Comyn, the daughter of the first Lord of Badenoch. To do nothing, or even to join the rebels, involved risks for Comyn, becausethe Red Comyn was with Edward in Flanders. In the end the two sides met up on the banks of the Spey. Afterward, Moray retired into a "great stronghold of bog and wood" where he could not be followed, as Buchan later offered Edward by way of excuse. Hugh de Cressingham, the chief agent of the English occupation, expressed his opinion that this was a thinly disguised double-act, writing that "the peace on the other side of the Scottish sea (Firth of Forth) is still in obscurity, as it is said, as to the doings of the earls who are there." The "Guisborough Chronicle" had little doubt of Comyn's culpability, who "at first pretended to repress rebellion but in the end changed sides and became a thorn in our flesh." However, later that year, shortly before the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Buchan was still believed to be loyal by the English government. The reality is that Wallace and Moray could scarcely have met up, or even recruited sufficient forces in the north, without the tacit approval of Buchan and his associates.

paragraph: Section::::The noble and the guardian.

paragraph: Buchan can be said to have made at least some indirect contribution to the victory at Stirling, though he was not personally present at the battle. Afterwards his career goes through a period of particular obscurity, few details having survived. It seems certain, though, that the death of Moray, either during or shortly after the battle, and the political ascendancy of William Wallace, who emerged as Guardian of Scotland by early 1298, had an effect on his general attitude towards the rising. It is important to remember that few if any of the major players at this time were either the selfless patriots or the dark villains depicted by later history. Personal advantage and self-interest were always significant factors. For Buchan, and many of his fellow nobles, Wallace was less of the great hero and more of the political parvenu, who by the normal order of things would have been a figure of little importance in a conservative feudal society. It would therefore have been particularly galling for Buchan to see the vacant bishopric of St Andrews filled, at Wallace's behest, by William Lamberton in place of the man he had expected to take the position, Master William Comyn, his own brother. Both John Fordun and John Barbour said in their chronicles, although their neutrality could be questioned, that the Comyns abandoned Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk. Their interpretation of events involves some intellectual acrobatics: Fordun condemns the Comyns for losing the battle for Wallace, while in the next breath he commends Robert Bruce, the future king, for winning it for the English. Yet, setting this interpretation of events aside, the evidence suggests Comyn hostility towards Wallace, magnified, perhaps, by Lamberton's known association with the Bruce family.

paragraph: Shortly after the defeat at Falkirk, Wallace resigned as Guardian. He was replaced by Robert Bruce the younger, who had now joined the patriots, and John Comyn of Badenoch, who had returned to Scotland. This uneasy match was obviously intended to balance the competing interests in Scotland; for though Bruce acted with the Red Comyn in the name of "the illustrious King John", his claim to the throne was openly known. In 1299 the whole delicate structure threatened to fall apart at a meeting of the baronial council at Peebles, a potentially murderous episode reported by an English spy. David Graham, an adherent of the Comyns, made a surprise intervention;

paragraph: "At the council Sir David Graham demanded the lands and goods of Sir William Wallace because he was leaving the kingdom without the leave or approval of the Guardians. And Sir Malcolm Wallace, Sir William's brother, answered that neither his lands nor his goods should be given away, for they were protected by the peace in which Wallace left the kingdom. At this the two knights gave the lie to each other and drew their daggers. And since Sir David was of Sir John Comyn's following and Sir Malcolm Wallace of the Earl of Carrick's following, it was reported to the Earl of Buchan and John Comyn that a fight had broken out without their knowing it; and John Comyn leaped at the Earl of Carrick and seized him by the throat, and the Earl of Buchan turned on the Bishop of St. Andrews, declaring that treason and lesemajestie were being plotted. Eventually the Stewart and others came between them and quitened them."

paragraph: Lamberton was added to the panel of Guardians with the intention of keeping the peace, an odd arrangement considering the Comyns' hostility towards him. In the end he had to step down when The Red Comyn declared that he no longer wished to serve with him. Bruce himself stepped down in 1300, at a time when the restoration of King John looked like a serious possibility, the chief political aim of the whole Comyn family.

paragraph: Section::::The Comyns in power.

paragraph: From about 1300 to 1304 the war of Scotland was also, in a sense, the war of the Comyns. With his cousin as Guardian, Buchan was occupied as Justiciar North of the Forth, holding court at Aberdeen in early 1300. He was also active on the border, taking part in raids against the English and in Galloway, where, as sheriff of Wigtown, he attempted to win over the local people to the national cause. In 1301 he joined with John de Soules in campaigning against the English army in the valley of the River Clyde. The following year he was chosen to take part in an embassy to Paris to try to prevent a peace treaty between England and France. In his absence his cousin helped beat an English force at the Battle of Roslin, but this was a false dawn, overtaken by ensuing darkness. Edward, preparing for a major offensive against Scotland, persuaded Philip IV to exclude her from the Treaty of Paris, signed in May 1303. Buchan joined with the other ambassadors in writing words of encouragement to his cousin:

paragraph: In the end Edward's invasion in 1303, by far the strongest since 1296, proved too strong to resist. As the English army punched north of the Forth, the first time it had done so since 1296, threatening the Comyn estates in Buchan and Badenoch, the Guardian took the pragmatic step, entering into peace negotiations with King Edward, concluded at Strathord near Perth in February 1304. Paradoxically the Comyns did not fare too badly, still figuring in the government of Scotland even after the conquest. Edward I, despite his fierce reputation, and his implacable hatred for men like Wallace, was by political and economic necessity forced to compromise. In Scotland he could not afford the ruinous cost in men, money and materials that it had taken to secure his earlier conquest of Wales, so time and again he was forced to enter into bonds and alliances with his former enemies. Buchan's lands confiscated at one minute were returned at the next, and he was made a member of the council of regency under the new English governor, John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond; and in September 1305 he was one of the commissioners who attended the union Parliament at Westminster to accept Edward's Ordinances for the government of Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Murder and blood feud.

paragraph: By 1306 it was plain to all that John Balliol, now in retirement on his French estates, would never return to Scotland. His kingship was dead but the Balliol claim was not. It was best represented by Edward Balliol, the former king's son, but he was still in English captivity and would be for some time to come. The next best candidate was the Red Comyn, King John's nephew. His greatest competitor was, of course, Robert Bruce, who had submitted to the English as long ago as 1302, but had never fully abandoned his own royal ambitions. Since 1286 the threat of civil war between the houses of Bruce and Balliol had haunted and shaped Scottish politics. On 10 February 1306 Bruce and his associates murdered Comyn and his uncle in Dumfries; the threat now became a reality.

paragraph: We will never know for certain the reasons behind the murder of the Red Comyn: for the Scottish sources it was the justified fate of a traitor and a spy; for the English it was a bloody and premeditated crime. The one thing they both agree on is that the Comyn family in general, and the Red Comyn in particular, was a major obstacle on the path of Bruce's ambition. The murder of 1306 was thus rewriting the judgement of 1292. Seizing the political high ground, Bruce was crowned at Scone on 25 March in an improvised ceremony. The Stone of Scone was missing; so too was the Earl of Fife, who by custom placed all new kings on the throne as the foremost of the Scottish earls. In a surprise move Isabella MacDuff, his sister, who also happened to be Buchan's wife, turned up and claimed the right for herself. Accordingly, another ceremony was held two days after the first. We have no insight into the precise reasons why she took a different view of matters from her husband, but there may have been some personal as well as political antagonisims. Buchan, as far as we know, took no action to save Isabella from the fate that her actions were shortly to bring upon her, though as Edward's chief Scottish adherent his views on the matter would certainly have carried some weight. Some sources say that he wanted her executed.

paragraph: With Bruce having gone one way it was inevitable that Buchan and his associates would go the other: men, in other words, whose patriotic credentials had hitherto been impressive were now guaranteed to fight on the side of the English. Setting aside Bruce's obvious skills as a soldier and a political strategist, this was the key to the ultimate failure of the Comyns: people who took no position on the murder in Dumfries would identify themselves with a new and successful King of Scots against a party invariably ranged on the side of the national enemy.

paragraph: Section::::War and terror.

paragraph: At the outset the combination of forces ranged against Bruce were formidable but widely scattered. He was to deal with them piece by piece, a task made all the easier by the death of Edward I in July 1307 and the accession of the far less capable Edward II. With the main English army absent from the scene Bruce dealt with his enemies in Scotland with ruthless determination. Following successful campaigns in Galloway and Argyllshire he concentrated all his efforts and resources against the earl of Buchan, his principal domestic enemy.

paragraph: The campaign against Comyn was to last from late 1307 right through to the spring of 1308, prolonged after the king was overtaken by a bout of serious illness. This was, perhaps, the best opportunity for Comyn to destroy his enemy. With Bruce incapacitated, and the royal army reduced in numbers, an attack was mounted against his camp at Slioch near Huntly; but it was pressed with no great determination, and Buchan withdrew after some desultory arrow fire. Unfortunately the only sources we have for the whole campaign in the north-east are uniformly hostile to Comyn. There are two possibilities here: either Buchan's talents as a soldier were limited, or he could not fully rely on the forces at his disposal. The evidence suggests a combination of both factors. The campaign concluded in May 1308 when Buchan's army collapsed at the Battle of Inverurie. Buchan managed to escape to England while his earldom was subject to systematic devastation.

paragraph: The Harrying of Buchan was carried out with one aim in mind: to destroy forever Comyn power in north-east Scotland. For once atrocities were carried out not by the English but by Scots against their fellow Scots, so thorough and effective that it was remembered for some fifty years after the event. As a piece of political terrorism it was supremely effective. A similar herschip in Galloway did not destroy the loyalties of the local people for the Balliol family, which were to resurface in the 1330s. But the earldom of Buchan would never again rise for the Comyns.

paragraph: In England the fugitive earl was well received by King Edward, who appointed him warden of the west marches in June 1308; but he was not to enjoy his new responsibilities for long, dying sometime before December. Alice Comyn, his niece and heir, married Henry Beaumont, a French nobleman in the English service. Beaumont was to claim the earldom of Buchan in right of his wife, a claim pursued with such relentless determination that it was a major factor in bringing about the Second War of Scottish Independence in the 1330s and beginning anew the war between the Comyns and the Bruces.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Documentary and narrative.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbour, John, "The Bruce", trans, A. A. H. Douglas, 1964.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bower, Walter, "Scotichronicon", ed. D. E. R. Watt, 1987-1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland", I-V, ed. J. Bain et all 1881-1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough", ed. H. Rothwell, Camden Society vol 89, 1957

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae" ed. T, Rymer, 1816.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fordun, John of, "Chronicles," ed. W. F. Skene, 1871-2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gray, Sir Thomas, "Scalicronica," ed. H. Maxwell, 1913.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lanercost Chronicle", ed. H. Maxwell, 1913.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palgrave, F. ed. "Documents and Records Illustrating the History of Scotland", 1837.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pluscarden, the Book" of, ed. F. J. H. Skene, 1877-80.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wynyoun, Andrew, "Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland," ed. D. Laing, 1872-9.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Secondary works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barrow, G., "Robert Bruce and the Commubity of the Realm of Scotland", 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barron, E. M., "The Scottish War of Independence," 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Young, A., "Robert the Bruce's Rivals:the Comyns, 1212-1314," 1997.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Earl of Buchan

description: Scottish noble

wikidata_label: John Comyn, Earl of Buchan

wikipedia_title: John Comyn, Earl of Buchan


text:
entrepreneur
European Broadcasting Union
Eurovision Song Contest
Sanremo Music Festival
Marcel Bezençon Awards
Christer Björkman
Melodifestivalen

categories: People from Orbe,1907 births,1981 deaths,Eurovision Song Contest people

paragraph: Marcel Bezençon

paragraph: Marcel Bezençon (1 May 1907 – 17 February 1981) was a Swiss entrepreneur and the director of the European Broadcasting Union until 1970. In 1955, he conceived the idea of the Eurovision Song Contest, based on the famous Sanremo Music Festival.

paragraph: In 2002, the Marcel Bezençon Awards were founded by Christer Björkman (Melodifestivalen winner and Swedish ESC participant in 1992) and Richard Herrey (Swedish ESC winner in 1984).

description: Swiss broadcasting executive

wikidata_label: Marcel Bezençon

wikipedia_title: Marcel Bezençon


text:
Höngg
Zürich
Switzerland
Leipzig
Germany
German
gynecologist
physiologist
fetus
metabolically
University of Zürich
Adolf Gusserow
venia legendi
University of Strassburg
placenta
Felix Hoppe-Seyler
University of Erlangen
University of Leipzig
oxygen
statistics
obstetrical procedures
Stuttgart
Pagel, J.L.
Short biography
Short biography

categories: Leipzig University faculty,1848 births,1927 deaths,German gynaecologists,German physiologists

paragraph: Paul Zweifel

paragraph: Paul Zweifel (30 June 1848 in Höngg, near Zürich, Switzerland – 13 August 1927 in Leipzig, Germany) was a German gynecologist and physiologist. In 1876 he proved that the fetus was metabolically active.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Zweifel was born in Switzerland; his father was a physician. He was educated at the University of Zürich (M.D. 1871), studying under Adolf Gusserow (1836-1906). In 1871, he received the "venia legendi" at the University of Strassburg, where he had already become an assistant in the gynecological institute. At Strassburg, he conducted studies on the physiology of the fetus and placenta in Felix Hoppe-Seyler's institute. In 1876 he was appointed professor of gynecology at the University of Erlangen. In 1887 he transferred to University of Leipzig, where he served as the Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology until his retirement 35 years later (1921). He held the title "Geheimer Medizinal-Rat".

paragraph: In 1876, he became the first to demonstrate that the fetus "in utero" is metabolically active, consuming oxygen. This was a hotly debated question before Zweifel, and his discovery introduced the modern era of fetal physiology research. He also made extensive use of statistics to evaluate competing obstetrical procedures.

paragraph: In 1931, a road in the Probstheida district of Leipzig was named "Zweifelstraße" in his honor. Also a building at the University of Erlangen bears his name.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Zweifel contributed over 100 monographs to medical journals. Among his many works may be mentioned:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Über den Verdauungsapparat der Neugeborenen" (Strasburg, 1874).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lehrbuch der Operativen Geburtshülfe" (Stuttgart, 1881; appeared as "Lehrbuch der Geburtshülfe", Stuttgart, 1887, 5th ed. 1901).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Einfluss der Aerztlichen Thätigkeit auf die Bevölkerungsbewegung" (Stuttgart, 1887).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Symphyseotomie" (Stuttgart 1893).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ätiologie, Prophylaxis und Therapie der Rachitis" (Stuttgart, 1900).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ätiologie, Begriff und Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers" (Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1912).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pagel, J.L., "Biographisches Lexikon".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meyers Konversations-Lexikon".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short biography from the Universitätsklinikum Erlangen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short biography from Frauenklinik Erlangen

description: German gynaecologist

wikidata_label: Paul Zweifel

wikipedia_title: Paul Zweifel


text:
Polla
Campania
Basilicata
Naples
Francesco de Mura
Francesco Solimena
Polla
San Donato da Ripacandida
Auletta
Caggiano
Marcianise
Altavilla Silentina
Atena Lucana
Buccino
Giffoni Valle Piana
Padula
Petina
Polla
Romagnano al Monte
Sassano
Teggiano
Vibonati
Brienza
Brindisi Montagna
Cirigliano
Maratea
Marsico Nuovo
informarte.org/

categories: Italian male painters,People from the Province of Salerno,Neapolitan painters,19th-century Italian painters,1804 deaths,18th-century Italian painters,1725 births,Rococo painters

paragraph: Nicola Peccheneda

paragraph: Nicola Peccheneda (1725, Polla – 4 November 1804) was an Italian painter of Campania and Basilicata in the second half of the 18th century. He initially trained in Naples, likely in the studio of Francesco de Mura. He adopted the reigning style of Francesco Solimena. While he came from a family including professionals (brother was a lawyer and judge in Naples); he moved back to his native Polla, and despite painting in the region, lived until he died.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: A work from 1756 depicting San Donato da Ripacandida was destined to the convent of "San Francisco" of Auletta. He decorated of the churches of "Santa Maria of the Greeks" and "Santa Caterina" in Caggiano, and the church of "Santa Maria Maggiore" in Sant’ Arsenio, the Cathedral of Melfi, the church of the "Annunziata" in Marcianise. He was prolific and his paintings can be found in Altavilla Silentina, Atena Lucana, Buccino, Giffoni Valle Piana, Padula, Petina, Polla, Romagnano al Monte, Sassano, Teggiano and Vibonati in Campania, as well as Brienza, Brindisi Montagna, Cirigliano, Maratea, and Marsico Nuovo in Basilicata. He was elected mayor of Polla.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- informarte.org/

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Nicola Peccheneda

wikipedia_title: Nicola Peccheneda


text:
Danish
chess
Nordic Champion
Copenhagen
Gothenburg
Andreas Rosendahl
Sven Otto Svensson
Stockholm
Paul Leonhardt
Richard Réti
Aron Nimzowitsch
Giuoco Piano
Ruy Lopez
Otterup
Copenhagen

categories: 1873 births,Danish chess players,1944 deaths

paragraph: Jørgen Møller

paragraph: Jørgen Møller (sometimes Jorgen Moeller or Jörgen Möller) (4 November 1873 – 20 November 1944) was a Danish chess master.

paragraph: Møller was twice a Nordic Champion, winning at Copenhagen 1899 (2nd Nord-ch) and at Gothenburg 1901 (3rd Nord-ch).

paragraph: At the beginning of his career, he tied for 4-5th at Copenhagen 1895 (Andreas Rosendahl won), took 2nd, behind Sven Otto Svensson, at Stockholm 1897 (1st Nordic-ch), and took 4th at Copenhagen 1907 (6th Nord-ch, Paul Leonhardt won).

paragraph: In 1920, he tied for 13-14th in Gothenburg (Richard Réti won). In 1923, he took 6th in Copenhagen (Aron Nimzowitsch won).

paragraph: His name is attached to the Møller Attack in the Giuoco Piano (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4.c3 Nf6 5.d4 ed4 6.cd4 Bb4+ 7.Nc3 Nxe4 8.O–O Bxc3 9.d5) and the Møller Defense in the Ruy Lopez (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O–O Bc5).

paragraph: Møller was born 4 November 1873 in Otterup, Denmark, and died 20 November 1944 in Copenhagen.

description: Danish chess player

wikidata_label: Jorgen Moeller

wikipedia_title: Jørgen Møller


text: pinyin

text: Vice Premiers of China

text: State Councilor

text: Secretary General of the State Council

text: Jinshan

text: Shanghai

text: Master's degree

text: Renmin University of China

text: global warming

text: Economy of China

text: Official biography of Ma Kai

categories: Beijing No. 4 High School alumni,Renmin University of China alumni,Members of the 18th Politburo of the Communist Party of China,Communist Party of China politicians from Shanghai,State councillors of China,1946 births,Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China,People's Republic of China politicians from Shanghai,Living people

paragraph: Ma Kai

paragraph: Ma Kai (; pinyin: "Mǎ Kǎi"; born June 1946 in Shanghai) was one of the four Vice Premiers of China (Fourth-ranked). He was formerly a State Councilor and Secretary General of the State Council of China.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ma Kai was born in Jinshan, Shanghai in 1946. He received his Master's degree from Renmin University of China in 1982.

paragraph: His portfolio also includes putting forth Chinese policies with regard to global warming. He was a member of the 16th and the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and then a member of the 18th. He was elected to 18th Politburo of the Communist Party of China in 2012.

paragraph: In 2003 he was given responsibility for the National Development and Reform Commission, an organisation which has broad administrative and planning control over the Economy of China.

paragraph: In November 2017, Ma Kai was appointed to lead the Financial Stability and Development Commission (FSDC).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: Ma Kai is also known as an accomplished poet.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official biography of Ma Kai

description: Vice premier of China

wikidata_label: Ma Kai

wikipedia_title: Ma Kai


text: Russian-Jewish

text: immigrants

text: Villa Domínguez

text: Entre Ríos

text: Argentina

text: playwright

categories: 20th-century translators,Argentine people of Russian-Jewish descent,Jewish dramatists and playwrights,20th-century dramatists and playwrights,Jewish Argentine writers,Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery,Argentine dramatists and playwrights,20th-century Argentine writers,Argentine translators,1967 deaths,20th-century Argentine male writers,1894 births,People from Entre Ríos Province

paragraph: Samuel Eichelbaum

paragraph: Samuel Eichelbaum (14 November 1894 - 4 May 1967) was an Argentine writer. He was born the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants in Villa Domínguez, Entre Ríos, Argentina, Eichelbaum became one of the leading playwrights in the first half of the 20th century in Argentina. He was also a translator.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La mala sed" ("The Bad Thirst", 1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El dogma" ("The Dogma", 1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un hogar" ("A Home", 1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El judío Aarón" ("Aaron the Jew", 1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cuando tengas un hijo" ("When You Have a Child", 1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un guapo del 900" ("The 1900s Dandy", 1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pajaro de barro" ("Bird of Clay", 1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Divorcio nupcial" ("Nuptial Divorce", 1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rostro perdido" ("Lost Face", 1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dos brasas" ("Two Live Coals", 1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Subsuelo" ("Underground", 1966)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Argentina's Jewish Short Story Writers", Rita M. Gardiol, 1986.

description: Argentine writer

wikidata_label: Samuel Eichelbaum

wikipedia_title: Samuel Eichelbaum


text:
Brazil
chess
Rio de Janeiro
Brazilian Championship
Trompowsky Attack

categories: Brazilian chess players,1984 deaths,Chess Olympiad competitors,Brazilian people of Polish descent,1897 births,Chess theoreticians

paragraph: Octávio Trompowsky

paragraph: Octávio Figueira Trompowsky de Almeida (30 November 1897 – 26 March 1984) was a Brazilian chess player, who was born and died in Rio de Janeiro.

paragraph: Trompowsky won the 1939 Brazilian Championship, but is best known as the player for whom the Trompowsky Attack (1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5) chess opening was named.

description: Brazilian chess player

wikidata_label: Octavio Trompowsky

wikipedia_title: Octávio Trompowsky


text:
British
politician
Thomas Cubitt
Trinity College
Cambridge
BA
honorary MA
Conservative Party
Member of Parliament
West Surrey
Epsom
Lords
Privy Counsellor
Royal West Surrey Regiment
counties
Surrey
Middlesex
Denbies
Bodiam
Levett
West Surrey
St Catherine's School
Bramley, Surrey
Sanatorium
St Cecilia
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
Ranmore Common
Dorking
Henry
Henry Cubitt
2nd Baron Ashcombe
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall

categories: UK MPs 1880–1885,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,UK MPs 1859–1865,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1885–1886,1917 deaths,UK MPs 1865–1868,People from Bodiam,1828 births,UK MPs 1874–1880,UK MPs 1868–1874,UK MPs 1886–1892,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Deputy Lieutenants of Surrey,Deputy Lieutenants of Middlesex

paragraph: George Cubitt, 1st Baron Ashcombe

paragraph: George Cubitt, 1st Baron Ashcombe, (4 June 1828 – 26 February 1917) was a British politician and peer, the son of Thomas Cubitt, the leading London builder and property developer of his day.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: Cubitt was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated with first a BA and later took his honorary MA. He served as Conservative Party Member of Parliament for West Surrey from 1860 to 1885, and then for Epsom until 1892, when elevated to the Lords as Baron Ashcombe, "of Dorking, in the County of Surrey and of Bodiam Castle, in the County of Sussex", having been invested as a Privy Counsellor in 1880. He also served as Honorary Colonel of the 5th Battalion, Royal West Surrey Regiment, and Deputy Lieutenant of the counties of both Surrey and Middlesex.

paragraph: Denbies, a large estate in Dorking, was part of the inheritance from his father; Cubitt lived in the mansion built by his father there until 1905. Cubitt purchased his estate in Bodiam, East Sussex, from local farmer Thomas Levett, descendant of an old Sussex family and owner of Court Lodge Farm, for £1,039 on 4 August 1862.

paragraph: While an MP for West Surrey, Cubitt and his wife Lady Laura were one of the founders and benefactors of St Catherine's School in Bramley, Surrey in 1885. One of the schoolhouses was named in his honour after his death. His wife's gift to the school was a Sanatorium, which cared for sick pupils. A stained glassed window in the school chapel, dedicated to St Cecilia, was created by Cubitt in remembrance of his wife after she died in 1904. The patron of the school is Cubitt's great-great granddaughter Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: He died on 26 February 1917 and was buried in the churchyard of St Barnabas's Church, Ranmore Common, Surrey.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Cubitt married Laura Joyce, daughter of Rev. James Joyce, Vicar of Dorking, on 14 June 1853 and with her had 9 children; 3 sons, though only the third, Henry, survived beyond infancy, and 6 daughters, one of whom died in infancy:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geoffrey George Cubitt (born 31 May 1854, died 6 June 1855)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Edmund Wilfred Cubitt (born 5 August 1859, died 17 May 1865)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Cubitt (born 14 March 1867, died 27 October 1947) - succeeded his father as the 2nd Baron Ashcombe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helen Laura Cubitt (died 16 August 1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Agnes Cubitt (died 6 February 1944) - married Rev Edward Arthur Chichester

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelaide Laura Cubitt (died 3 November 1922) - married Richard Anthony Fuller-Maitland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mildred Sophia Cubitt (died 9 March 1930) - married George William Tallents

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mabel Georgina Cubitt (died 5 November 1865)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice Hayward Cubitt (died 12 February 1963) - married William Archibald Calvert

paragraph: He is the maternal great-great grandfather of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.

paragraph: Section::::Styles of address.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1828–1860: Mr George Cubitt

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1860–1880: Mr George Cubitt

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1880–1892: "The Right Honourable" George Cubitt

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1892–1917: "The Right Honourable" The Lord Ashcombe

description: British politician

wikidata_label: George Cubitt, 1st Baron Ashcombe

wikipedia_title: George Cubitt, 1st Baron Ashcombe


text:
Winnipeg
John Christian Schultz
Canadian Party
Red River Settlement
Fort Garry
Louis Riel
Wolseley Expedition
Métis
Sir John A. Macdonald
County Down
Northern Ireland
Orangeman
John Christian Schultz
Canadian Party
Red River Rebellion
Upper Fort Garry
Louis Riel
John Christian Schultz
Charles Mair
musket
John Bruce
Wolseley Expedition
Fort Garry
Louis Riel
Manitoba Act
Manitoba
Thomas Scott Memorial Orange Hall
Louis Riel (comics)
Riel (film)
online
online

categories: Executed Canadian people,1842 births,1870 deaths,19th-century Irish people,Irish expatriates in Canada,Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent,People of the Red River Rebellion,Immigrants to the Province of Canada,Executed Irish people,Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Canada,1870 in Canada,Deaths by firearm in Manitoba,People from County Down

paragraph: Thomas Scott (Orangeman)

paragraph: Thomas Scott (1 January 1842 – 4 March 1870) was an Irish Protestant who emigrated to Canada in 1863. While working as a labourer on the "Dawson Road Project", he moved on to Winnipeg where he met John Christian Schultz and fell under the influence of the Canadian Party. His political involvement in the Red River Settlement from then on led to his capture at Fort Garry where he was held hostage with others. On 4 March 1870 Scott was marched out of Fort Garry's east gate and was executed on the wall by the provisional government of the Red River Settlement led by Louis Riel.

paragraph: Scott's execution led to the Wolseley Expedition – a military force said to be sent to protect Canada from American annexation, but widely believed to confront Louis Riel and the Métis at the Red River Settlement, authorized by Sir John A. Macdonald. Thomas Scott's execution highlights a time of severe conflict between settlers and the Métis in Canadian history. Louis Riel's reason for killing Thomas Scott was that Thomas Scott was a racist man. His execution led to Riel's exile, and to Riel's own execution for treason in 1885.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Little is known of Thomas Scott's early years. He was born in the Clandeboye area of County Down, in what is today Northern Ireland in 1842. Raised as a Presbyterian, he became an active Orangeman. Scott emigrated to Ontario in 1863. On his arrival at Red River, he worked as a labourer on the "Dawson Road" project, connecting the Red River and Lake Superior. He took part in a strike in 1869, for which he was fired and convicted of aggravated assault. Scott then moved to Winnipeg, where he met John Christian Schultz and became a supporter of the Canadian Party. Scott backed the annexation of the Red River Settlement to Canada, and the rest of his life revolved around this conflict.

paragraph: Section::::Role in the Red River Resistance.

paragraph: Scott was employed by the Canadian government as a surveyor during the Red River Rebellion. He was first arrested and imprisoned in December 1869 at Upper Fort Garry by Louis Riel and his men while trying to attack the fort along with 34 other volunteers. Thomas Scott had briefly escaped Upper Fort Garry in January with John Christian Schultz and Charles Mair. In February 1870, Scott, alongside several volunteers amassed a rescue party outside John Christian Schultz's house in Kildonan that sought to free any remaining prisoners at Fort Garry. Summarily, the Métis released the prisoners and the rescue party was dispersed. Scott and several volunteers marched to Portage, but passed too close to Fort Garry, where Scott was captured and imprisoned by Riel's garrison once again. Charles Mair and John Christian Schultz travelled through America and later reached Ontario to urge the government for an extensive military expedition to the Red River Settlement. The joint-military operation of the Wolseley Expedition dispatched the Ontario 1st and 60th rifles alongside British troops in May 1870. It has been reported that Thomas Scott suffered severe diarrhea during his second incarceration, which was said to have had a negative effect on both Scott and his captors. During his captivity, Scott was an extraordinarily difficult, opinionated, and verbally abusive individualist who refused to acknowledge his captors' legal authority. There is some evidence that Thomas had an altercation with a group of guards that had brought him out and injured him so severely that Louis Riel had him locked into another cell with a stronger lock, partly for his own safety. It has also been documented that Scott's fellow prisoners had asked that he be removed due to his obnoxious behaviour while in captivity. He was eventually executed for committing insubordination following a trial.

paragraph: Section::::Trial and execution.

paragraph: While in jail, Scott became a nuisance as he caused trouble with the guards and made attempts at escaping. He was then brought in front of a court where they found him guilty of defying the authority of the Provisional Government, fighting with guards, and slandering the name of Louis Riel. Scott was not alone in being sentenced to death, but the other sentences were never carried out. On 4 March 1870, unlike the other members of his group, he faced the firing squad. His execution was watched by 100 bystanders. Many eyewitnesses disagree on multiple aspects of Scott's execution from disagreement on his last words and actions to the manner of his death. What is agreed upon is that he was shot while blindfolded by a firing squad against the east side gate of Upper Fort Garry. It was reported that Scott was kneeling in the snow praying fervently up until he was shot. Other witnesses reported that he had been yelling wildly that his execution was unjust and that his execution was murder. The weapons that were used by the firing squad were ordinary hunting weapons (supposedly muskets) and it was observed that the men who shot these guns were intoxicated. At the time of fire, the men in the firing squad stood 60 meters away from Scott. It was also debated whether or not Scott died immediately when shot by the firing squad.

paragraph: Métis leader John Bruce claimed that only two bullets from the firing squad actually hit Scott, wounding him once in the left shoulder, and once in the upper chest. A man came forward and discharged his pistol close to Scott's head, but the bullet only penetrated the upper part of the left cheek and came out somewhere near the cartilage of the nose. Still not dead, Scott was placed in a makeshift coffin, from which he was later reported to cry:

paragraph: John Bruce said that he was left there to die of his injuries.

paragraph: A similar account was reported by Reverend George Young, who was told by Major George Robinson that Scott was confined to a roughly made coffin on the presumption that he had died when shot on by the firing squad. Robinson said that five hours later he and Riel entered the room where Scott's coffin was being kept and heard Scott beg for death. Robinson fled the room, Riel closed the door and, a few moments later, Robinson heard a shot and presumed that Scott was then dead. This account was cast into suspicion, though, as Riel had fired Robinson as the editor of "New Nation" on 19 March 1870, so it remains unclear whether or not these accounts are based in fact or acted to defame Riel in retaliation for Robinson's dismissal.

paragraph: Upon Scott's death, Reverend George Young forwarded Thomas Scott's documents to his brother Hugh. These documents included Scott's commendatory letters and certificates of good character written by Presbyterian minister of whose church Scott had been connected to in Ireland. Additionally his life savings were sent to his brother. It has been suspected that because it was a such substantial amount ($103.50), that this money might have indicated an immoral lifestyle.

paragraph: It is not known where Scott's body was laid to rest. In 1870, the supposed burial site of Thomas Scott was revisited by a party of men led by Reverend Young. The purpose of this expedition was to bring his body back to Ontario. The party found the reported site of his burial just outside the Hudson's Bay Company store, dug 6 feet down. There they discovered the fruit tree box that was meant to be Scott's coffin. The box was discovered partially open and measuring 5 feet, 8 inches in length. No body was found once the box was opened. The box contained only dirt and shavings of some sort. The length of the box has thrown into question whether Scott had ever been buried at that site. He was 6 feet, 2 inches tall and would not have fit into this makeshift coffin which had been said to have been nailed shut. Later, John Bruce claimed that Goblet, a man who had attended the actual funeral, had told him that a week after Scott's execution a hole had been cut in the ice of German Creek about a quarter of a mile from the mouth of the River La Seine. Scott's body was brought to this site and tied in heavy chains and then sunk into the water. Another theory is that his body was taken out of the coffin by a Fenian Winnipeger, the proprietor of the Red Saloon, under whose floor it was buried. Years later, when the site of the business was torn up for road construction, a skeleton was found. Some suggest that the skeleton belonged to Thomas Scott.

paragraph: Section::::Significance of his death.

paragraph: Though relatively unknown during his lifetime, once news of Scott's death made it to Ontario he was regarded as a martyr by the English-speaking, Protestant population. With opinions divided along ethnic lines during the century following Scott's death, English speaking historians have depicted the execution of Thomas Scott as the murder of an innocent victim. His execution was used to explain Louis Riel's fall from federally recognized politics. It was held that Riel could not be dealt with legitimately because he was seen as a murderer by Ontario. Additionally, the marginalization of Métis peoples in Canada was justified by the Anglo-Canadians' memory of a brutal murder dealt to one of their own (Thomas Scott).

paragraph: By contrast, French Canadian speakers and sympathizers have emphasized Scott's problematic behaviour, as mentioned above. It was stated by historian Lyle Dick that the martyrdom of Scott created a "rallying symbol" for expansionists who wanted the armed force be sent to the Northwest. This fostered higher recruitment rates for the Red River Expedition and hastened its dispatch. Upon learning about Scott's death, the Canadian government dispatched the Wolseley Expedition to Fort Garry from Ontario to seize the fort and force Louis Riel, now branded a murderer, to flee the settlement. Scott's religious affiliation to the Orange Order had repercussions in Ontario as well. The Toronto Globe had published an article that stated, Scott was cruelly murdered by the enemies of the Queen, country and religion.

paragraph: The Red River Settlement was reportedly affected by the execution of Thomas Scott as well. It was said that the Red River Settlement had adopted a new social atmosphere following Scott's execution of sullen hostility towards the leadership of Louis Riel. On 14 April 1870, Sir John A. Macdonald had written to the Earl of Carnarvon, that Thomas Scott's men were calling for retribution against Riel for the unjust murder of Thomas Scott. The Scott incident was known to intensify and complicate negotiations with the provisional Red River government and Ontario. Shortly after the death of Thomas Scott, the Manitoba Act was passed and the creation of the Canadian province of Manitoba had occurred.

paragraph: Section::::Memorials and portrayals of Scott in Canada.

paragraph: The Thomas Scott Memorial Orange Hall was constructed in 1902 and is located on Princess Street in Winnipeg. The hall was named in commemoration of Scott.

paragraph: Thomas Scott and his execution is portrayed in sources by many historians controversially. As mentioned, there is plenty of speculation of his behavior in prison, the event of his execution and the way in which he died and was laid to rest. In Louis Riel (comics), Chester Brown portrays Scott as a nuisance. According to Brown, Scott was aggravating, insulting, and rude while imprisoned in Fort Garry. These qualities are supposedly what may have led to his execution. In the George Bloomfield directed movie, Riel (film), Thomas Scott's trial and execution is briefly portrayed. He is depicted as loud and uses offensive words such as "savage." He is only depicted in this way however, after he is convicted and led to his execution.

paragraph: J. M. Bumsted, a specialist on the topic of the Red River Rebellion, also discusses many popular portrayals of Thomas Scott in his work, "Thomas Scott's Body: And Other Essays on Early Manitoba History." It is important to note that even Bumsted stresses that many stories may have been elaborated on. According to Bumsted, Louis Riel explains Scott's execution for two reasons. First, Scott's negative behavior and actions while in prison, as described by many other historians. Second, Scott is portrayed simply as a pawn being played in a bigger political game. Historians who expand on the behavioral issues claim that both the guards and other captors were aggravated by Scott's words and actions. He is said to have been threatening towards Riel and the guards and used constant obscene language. It is argued in some works that these behaviors are typical of captives who believe they are held unjustly, which Scott certainty believed. Also mentioned earlier, Scott is reported to have suffered diarrhea. It is commonly said by historians that this would have caused him aggravation, resulting in his negative behavior. The diarrhea combined with the annoying behavior however, is argued to have been reason to execute Scott as he was too much to deal with. Bumsted also discusses Scott's portrayal as a "ringleader" in a labour strike against Dawson Road superintendent John Snow, leading to justification for execution. Scott is also portrayed as a heavy drinker and a "barroom brawler." Contradictory, Scott is also portrayed in some works as being quiet and inoffensive, just powerful and determined. His execution in these stories is portrayed as being a factor of a personal animosity between him and Riel. This animosity is depicted in many different versions ranging from Scott offending Riel by telling him to move out of his way on the street, to a rivalry over love for the same women. This version has Scott rescuing a Metisse named Marie from a flood. Scott subsequently protected Marie from Riel and his "clumsy" courtship of her. This led to a hatred of Scott by Riel, causing him to want him executed.

paragraph: According to Bumsted, the only thing commonly agreed throughout these depictions is that Scott's execution was a political mistake by Louis Riel and the Metis.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bumstead, J.M. (2000). "Thomas Scott’s Body: And Other Essays in Early Manitoba History" (University of Manitoba Press)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dick, Lyle. "Nationalism and Visual Media in Canada: The Case of Thomas Scott's Execution." "Manitoba History" (Autumn/Winter2004-05), Issue 48, pp 2–18. online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morton, Desmond. "Image of Louis Riel in 1998," "Canadian Speeches" (May 1998) 12#2 online, favourable to Scott

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trémaudan, Auguste de "The Execution of Thomas Scott," "Canadian Historical Review" (1925) 6#3 pp: 222–236.

description: Orangeman

wikidata_label: Thomas Scott

wikipedia_title: Thomas Scott (Orangeman)


text: mystic

text: magician

text: firewalker

text: Roald Dahl

text: The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar

text: wine barrel

text: pellet gun

text: Robert Ripley

text: NBC Radio City Studios

text: Manhattan

text: charcoal

text: Harry Price

text: Joseph Dunninger

text: Akhnur

text: Kashmir

text: Kashmiri

text: Pakistan

text: Hardwar

text: yogi

text: glaucoma

text: "Kuda Bux, Hindu Mystic" at IMDB

categories: Pakistani expatriates in the United States,Pakistani people of Kashmiri descent,Pakistani magicians,1905 births,Muslim mystics,1981 deaths,People from Jammu district

paragraph: Kuda Bux

paragraph: Kuda Bux (17 February 1905 – 5 February 1981), born Khudah Bukhsh, was a Pakistani mystic, magician and firewalker.

paragraph: Section::::Performances.

paragraph: Section::::Performances.:Blindfolds.

paragraph: In one of his best known performances he would cover his eyes with soft dough balls, blindfold himself, swath his entire head in strips of cloth, and yet still be able to see.

paragraph: Bux was the star of a 1950 TV series titled "Kuda Bux, Hindu Mystic", and his apparent ability to see while blindfolded with dough balls strongly influenced British author Roald Dahl in his short story "The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar", about a man who was taught to develop the same powers. Observers noted that without a blindfold Bux required reading glasses to read fine print. While blindfolded he would read the dates on coins which were held in a spectator's hand, read the fine print of a magazine, thread a needle while covered in a wine barrel, duplicate words he had never seen written, shoot a can on children's heads with a pellet gun, and many other tricks.

paragraph: Section::::Performances.:Firewalking.

paragraph: According to Robert Ripley, Bux performed a trick in NBC Radio City Studios in Manhattan on 2 August 1938. According to this account, a hole was dug in the Radio City parking lot and wooden logs and bags of charcoal were set on fire in it. Bux allegedly walked back and forth through the pit—twice. Ripley said, "Kuda Bux's feet were not even warm." There is newsreel footage of this event in the TV biography "The Incredible Life and Times of Robert Ripley: Believe It or Not!" (TBS 1993).

paragraph: In 1935 Bux demonstrated firewalking in front of an audience of scientists from the University of London Council for Psychical Research and news reporters. He walked across a pit of burning hot coals unscathed. Bux's feet were checked before and after the firewalking demonstration to verify that no protective chemicals, topical creams or herbs were used. It was a very windy day and the surface temperature of the fire was read at The body of the fire was measured at , which is hot enough to melt steel. After Bux walked through the coals, a cameraman who had messed up some photographs of the event asked for a retake. Bux obliged by repeating the firewalk. Again, his feet were checked before and after the firewalking demonstration.

paragraph: Bux's firewalking ability amazed western audiences in the 1930s. Harry Price suggested that the feat was performed by specific placement of the feet. However, the mentalist Joseph Dunninger gave a more logical explanation. He pointed out that charcoal cooled down rapidly and by walking quickly on it, one could avoid being burned.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Khudah Bukhsh was born in Akhnur, Kashmir in 1905, to an ethnic Kashmiri family. His father worked as a railway ticket inspector. Bukhsh later became a Pakistani citizen. In the mid-1930s, he arrived in the United States where he pursued his practice of magic. When he was thirteen, he set out to learn magic from Professor Moor, a famous magician at the time. He eventually met Banerjee in Hardwar, a yogi who taught him fire walking and seeing without his eyes. In his later life, he lost his eyesight to glaucoma. He was also known as DareDevil or The Man Who Can See Without His Eyes. He died in 1981 in his sleep, aged 75.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man With X Ray Eyes" by Vincent J. Daczynski

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kuda Bux, Hindu Mystic" at IMDB

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archives on Kuda Bux in the Harry Price papers

description: Pakistani magician

wikidata_label: Kuda Bux

wikipedia_title: Kuda Bux


text:
Swedish
yeoman
Småland
Sweden
Dacke War
King
Gustav I of Sweden
Vasa family
Gustav Vasa
peasant
Denmark
sheriff
oxen
Södra Möre
mercenaries
Landsknecht
crossbow
ceasefire
Elector Palatine
Frederick II
Christian II of Denmark
Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg
Mecklenburg
Östergötland
Västergötland
pitched battle
outlaw
Småland
Blekinge
executed posthumously
Virserum
Gnosjö
Trelleborg
Świnoujście
Dacke War
Fabian Månsson
7217 Dacke
Moberg, Vilhelm
M/S Nils Dacke

categories: 1543 deaths,Swedish rebels,People from Småland,Deaths by firearm in Sweden,Year of birth unknown,16th-century Swedish people,Swedish Christians

paragraph: Nils Dacke

paragraph: Nils Dacke (died 1543) was a Swedish yeoman who was the leader of a mid-16th century peasant revolt in Småland, southern Sweden, called the Dacke War (Swedish: "Dackefejden"), fought against the King Gustav I of Sweden of the Vasa family. It was the most widespread and serious civil war in Swedish history and almost toppled the king.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: King Gustav Vasa had come to power at the head of a peasant army in 1523. He had established Sweden's independence from Denmark and made Protestantism the national religion. Småland found itself on the border between Sweden and Denmark and was hard hit by Vasa's ban on cross-border trade. In addition, the heavy handed way in which the church was reformed and the increasing tax burden led to much dissatisfaction among the poor peasants.

paragraph: Section::::The Dacke War.

paragraph: Already in 1536, Nils Dacke was tried at a local court for killing a sheriff; according to court records he was fined 10 oxen.

paragraph: The uprising started in Södra Möre during June 1542 with the assassination of more sheriffs and tax collectors. Gustav Vasa underestimated the military prowess of the peasants and sent his German mercenaries ("Landsknecht") to quell the revolt. The landsknechts were, however, unsuited for battle in the rugged forests and suffered heavy losses. Dacke had devised defensive tactics that allowed the peasants to use their steel crossbows with devastating effect. Dacke's successes helped spread the revolt over all the southern provinces of Sweden. The situation was so serious that the king was forced to sue for peace, and a one-year ceasefire was signed on 8 November. During the ceasefire, Dacke was the de facto ruler of most of southern Sweden and received offers of foreign support from the Elector Palatine Frederick II (1482–1556), who was the son-in-law of King Christian II of Denmark, and Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg (1486–1547). He reinstated the ceremonies of the Roman Catholic Church and reopened the cross-border trade in the areas under his control. With Danish support, Gustav Vasa mounted an invasion of Mecklenburg which neutralised the German threat.

paragraph: In the autumn of 1542, the king had to agree to a truce with Dacke. The king broke the ceasefire in January 1543 and sent a new and larger army into the rebellious area. His forces moved in from Östergötland and Västergötland. Royal propaganda had been spread to win over the population and turn them against Dacke. Dacke himself had become overconfident after earlier successes and met the Swedish Royal Army in a pitched battle in March. The trained soldiers fighting on their own terms shattered the peasant army, and Dacke was severely injured. After this defeat, the rebellion was effectively over and Dacke became an outlaw.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Dacke was shot and killed during the summer of 1543 in the forests which, at the time, surrounded the southeastern border between Sweden and Denmark (nowadays southern Swedish provinces Småland and Blekinge). According to contemporary sources, he had been injured in both legs by hits from the king's crossbows during the decisive battle a few months earlier, his forces had been routed, and he was likely trying to escape from the king's mercenaries. There is no doubt that he was killed on the spot.

paragraph: Dacke was executed posthumously, quartered, and his limbs were sent for public display in larger communities that had supported him during the rebellion. Gustav Vasa ordered the annihilation of Dacke's entire family, but showed some leniency against those who had given themselves up. Dacke's wife, brother-in-law and other relatives were executed. His son was taken to prison in Stockholm where he either starved to death or died from the plague. Thus, the unity of the realm was restored.

paragraph: As a result of the war, the king was henceforth more careful when dealing with his subjects. The reliance on foreign mercenaries in the army was reduced in favour of soldiers of Swedish extraction (many of which were recruited in Småland), and this laid the foundation for Sweden's military successes in later wars.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Today, Nils Dacke is perceived as a Småland freedom hero. His name is often linked to an independent streak in Småland. Statues in memory of him have been erected, including one in Virserum, where the final battle allegedly took place during 1543. The ("Nils Dacke-partiet") is a local political party in the county of Gnosjö. "" is a vessel, owned by serving the Trelleborg-Świnoujście route. In 1961, a made-for-television film entitled "Dacke" was released by Swedish director and screenwriter .

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dacke War

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fabian Månsson

paragraph: BULLET::::- 7217 Dacke, asteroid nammed after him.

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Månsson, Fabian (1938) "Gustaf Vasa och Nils Dacke: historisk skildring om bondeklassens undergång och herregårdens födelse" (Stockholm: Tiden)

paragraph: Section::::Related reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moberg, Vilhelm (2005) "A History of the Swedish People: Volume 1: From Prehistory to the Renaissance" (University of Minnesota)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Larsson, Lars-Olof (1979) "Dackeland" (Stockholm: Norstedts förlag)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- M/S Nils Dacke

description: Swedish rebel

wikidata_label: Nils Dacke

wikipedia_title: Nils Dacke


text:
Emden
Hanover
German
journalist
Nazi propagandist
Emden
SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers
Olympic Oath
1936 event in Berlin
Riefenstahl's film
Gruner + Jahr
"Der Stern"
Gruner + Jahr
Emden
Henri Nannen Prizes
Henri-Nannen-Schule
German School of Journalism
Eske Nannen
Travelite

categories: German magazine founders,Stern (magazine) people,Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,German mass media owners,Nazi propagandists,1996 deaths,Gruner + Jahr people,German male writers,1913 births,People from the Province of Hanover,German male journalists,People from Emden,German magazine publishers (people),German magazine company founders,German journalists

paragraph: Henri Nannen

paragraph: Henri Nannen (25 December 1913 in Emden – 13 October 1996 in Hanover) was a German journalist and wartime Nazi propagandist. He became one of the most prominent journalists and magazine publishers in Germany.

paragraph: His father was a police officer in Emden who was removed from his post by the NSDAP. After a one-year book dealer apprenticeship he studied the history of art at the University of Munich. In the 1930s he started working as a journalist. During the war he served in SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers, a propaganda unit in Italy. Being large, well-built and fair haired, he corresponded to the racial ideals of the time in Germany. This made him the speaker of the Olympic Oath during the 1936 event in Berlin - for Riefenstahl's film, but not in reality. Many years after the war, he confessed that "I knew what was happening ... but I was too cowardly to do something against it." He got back to journalism while working for the "Hannoverschen Neusten Nachrichten", the daily newspaper "Abendpost" and the youth newspaper "Zickzack".

paragraph: He was the founder of Gruner + Jahr publishing house and the news magazine "Der Stern". He led the magazine from 1948 to 1980 to become one of the strongest in Europe. Gruner + Jahr is the largest publisher in Europe as of 2014.

paragraph: Nannen gained popularity as an art collector and benefactor of the "" in Emden, an art museum, that he built in 1983. The annual Henri Nannen Prizes are awarded in his honor by Gruner + Jahr. The Henri-Nannen-Schule (formerly Hamburger Journalistenschule) , is the journalist school of Gruner + Jahr and is considered one of the best schools of journalism in Germany, along with the German School of Journalism (Deutsche Journalistenschule) in Munich.

paragraph: He was married to Eske Nannen, (born 1942), a former actress. Henri Nannen has a son Christian Nannen (born 1946), co-owner of Hamburg suitcase-producer Travelite.

description: German journalist

wikidata_label: Henri Nannen

wikipedia_title: Henri Nannen


text:
La Rioja
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
Spanish Civil War

categories: People executed by Francoist Spain,Spanish lawyers,1875 births,Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic,Republican Union Party (Spain) politicians,Confederación Nacional del Trabajo members,Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration,Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction),People executed by Spain by firing squad,Riojan people,1939 deaths,Executed Spanish people

paragraph: Eduardo Barriobero y Herrán

paragraph: Eduardo Barriobero y Herrán (1875 in La Rioja – 1939) was a lawyer and activist in the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo.

paragraph: During the Spanish Civil War he became the presiding judge of the anarchists' "People's Tribunal" in Barcelona. He soon ran afoul of the Republican government, who accused him of embezzling some of the fines he collected.

paragraph: He was captured by the Francoists in 1939, and in his subsequent trial he denied being an anarchist, saying "I am not an anarchist. I am a radical anticlerical Freemason." However, his pleas did him no good, and he was executed by firing squad.

description: Spanish activist and lawyer

wikidata_label: Eduardo Barriobero y Herrán

wikipedia_title: Eduardo Barriobero y Herrán


text: Liverpool

text: The Cavern Club

text: Kingsize Taylor

text: Merseybeat

text: The Undertakers

text: The Mojos

text: Sefton Park

text: Hank Williams

text: Elvis Presley

text: "Vindicatrix"

text: Boatswain

text: "Sylvania"

text: Quebec

text: Cunard Yank

text: Blue Funnel Line

text: Kiel Canal

text: St. Pauli

text: Indra

text: Star-Club

text: Kaiserkeller

text: History of Mathematics

text: Database

text: Database Management

text: Synthetic

text: Chemistry

text: post-graduate

text: project management

text: Henry Mayhew

text: Charles Booth

text: Beatrice Webb

text: demographics

text: Kingsize Taylor

text: Sun Studios

text: Memphis

text: Tennessee

text: Elvis Presley

text: That's All Right Mama

text: Baby Let's Play House

text: Lawdy Miss Clawdy

text: Blue Suede Shoes

text: Johnny Cash

text: Folsom Prison Blues

text: Jackson

text: Memphis, Tennessee

text: Jackson

text: Gatlinburg

text: Tennessee

text: Hank Williams

text: Montgomery, Alabama

text: Elvis

text: Tupelo, Mississippi

text: Calderdale

text: Route 66

text: Berwyn

text: Cicero

text: Al Capone

text: St Louis

text: Montgomery, Alabama

text: Hank Williams

text: Mississippi River

text: West Memphis

text: Arkansas

text: Yorkshire

text: Lancashire

text: Across the Universe

text: The Ruby in the Smoke

text: Shameless

text: Red Riding

text: Guy Ritchie

text: Sherlock Holmes

text: East is East

text: West is West

text: Hippodrome

text: Mack & Mabel

text: Jerry Herman

text: Mack Sennett

text: Mabel Normand

text: Tom's Midnight Garden

text: Becky Simpson

text: Manchester

text: Canal Street

text: Taurus Club

text: Diane Whitley

text: Holly Oaks

text: Todmorden

text: Biography of Wes Paul on CalderCats.com

text: MySpace Cavern Showcase

text: The Wes Paul Band

categories: 1943 births,English guitarists,English male guitarists,English male singers,Living people

paragraph: Wes Paul

paragraph: Wester Paul Gerrard (Wes Paul) (born 28 March 1943) is an English guitarist and singer.

paragraph: Wes Paul grew up in Lodge Lane, Liverpool. Between 13 November 2005 and 2 September 2007 he was the stage manager and compère of Sounds of the Sixties Cavern Showcase which ran every Sunday at The Cavern Club, Liverpool. The organisation was started by Kingsize Taylor, his wife Marga and Wes Paul, who took on the extra roles of booking the bands and managing the website. Every week five bands, or more, appeared performing music primarily from the 1950s and 1960s. These acts ranged from young bands just starting out to original Merseybeat groups such as The Undertakers and The Mojos.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: He attended Tiber Street Infant School in Lodge Lane, Liverpool, before going to Princes Park Secondary Modern School in Sefton Park Road. He left school at 15 to work as an apprentice block maker at John Holmes Blockmakers in Liver Street in the city centre. Wes had an early interest in music and in 1955 purchased his first guitar for £5 at Gerry Allan's record shop in Lodge Lane. In that year he formed a skiffle group (Whiskey Skiffle) with some friends and played on the street corners for money. At the age of 14 he formed a band called Westy's Wise Jives – the band had this emblazoned on the backs of their leather jackets – they played at school assemblies and local events – their influences being Hank Williams and Elvis Presley. Wes Paul made up for his lack of guitar skills by becoming the lead singer.

paragraph: At the age of 16 Wes signed up for the Merchant Navy and spent ten weeks on the "Vindicatrix", the latter part of this time as Bos'un (Boatswain). After returning, July 1959, to Liverpool he signed on as deck boy on the "Sylvania" and sailed across the Western Ocean to Quebec. He was now a Cunard Yank. On 30 September 1959 he sailed on a Blue Funnel Line ship called the "Lycaon" as Junior Ordinary Seaman and sailed to the Kiel Canal stopping a week in St. Pauli, Hamburg, a city which was to play a major role in the formation of the famous Merseybeat sound a few years later and the home of the Indra, the Star-Club, the Kaiserkeller and the Top Ten.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Wes Paul graduated in 1982 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. His profile included The History of Mathematics, Database and Database Management and Synthetic Chemistry, and in 1993 with a Bachelor of Science Hons degree, he was also awarded a post-graduate certificate in project management. Research towards further honours has thus far included the medical profession in Liverpool and the poor in Victorian London (Henry Mayhew, Charles Booth, Beatrice Webb) as well as research in family history and demographics.

paragraph: Section::::Cavern Showcase.

paragraph: Sounds of the Sixties Cavern Showcase was started by 60s musician Kingsize Taylor, his wife Marga and Wes Paul and was born out of a desire to revive and continue the now legendary Cavern sessions of the early 60s. They agreed that any money raised from the shows would go towards helping 60s musicians who had fallen on hard times. The shows were hugely successful, attracting weekly audiences of over 200 people from all over the world. Every Sunday night there were four to five bands playing music from the 50s and 60s. The night showcased original 60s bands and new up and coming bands, giving them a chance to perform on the famous Cavern stage. Wes Paul's band played on the showcase every week and as a result he appeared on the Cavern stage a total of 86 times. He is also possibly the only musician to have played both Cavern stages on the same night.

paragraph: Section::::"Manchester to Memphis" tour.

paragraph: In July 2010, The Wes Paul Band recorded an album in Sun Studios, Memphis, Tennessee featuring Memphian drummer Jason M. Vawter, called "Manchester to Memphis" to coincide with their American tour of the same name. Other songs included Elvis Presley's "That's All Right Mama", "Baby Let's Play House", Lawdy Miss Clawdy, Blue Suede Shoes as well as amongst others – Johnny Cash's "Folsom Prison Blues", "Stripes" and Jackson. Their US trip included Memphis, Tennessee, Jackson, Tennessee and Gatlinburg in Tennessee; the birthplace of Hank Williams, Montgomery, Alabama, and then Elvis' birthplace, Tupelo, Mississippi, before driving back to Memphis for their final two gigs and flight home to Calderdale.

paragraph: Section::::The Route 66 Tour.

paragraph: In 2010, Paul and his band embarked on their second tour of America with the intention of playing in all of the places that were mentioned in the song "Route 66". They flew into Chicago to pick up their group equipment and play their first gig in Berwyn, Illinois. Berwyn was once twinned with Cicero the hang-out of Al Capone. The Route 66 Tour had begun. After playing several gigs in St Louis the band then made its way south to Montgomery, Alabama, to play the Hank Williams 88th birthday memorial in The Hank Williams Museum. They also recorded an album of mainly Hanks Williams' best known songs. They then headed back crisscrossing the Mississippi River visiting many places on the way to West Memphis Arkansas before getting back onto Route 66 for the rest of the tour. The band toured 5,500 miles in total in just under five weeks.

paragraph: Section::::Today.

paragraph: Wes Paul currently plays guitar and sings in his own group, The Wes Paul Band, who gig around the Yorkshire and Lancashire area. Band members include Wes Paul – Guitar and Vocals, Becky Simpson – Bass Guitar and Vocals, Paul (Smiley) Galvin – Pedal Steel, Keyboard, Lead Guitar, Bass and Backing Vocals.

paragraph: Section::::Actor.

paragraph: Wes Paul is also an actor who has appeared in productions such as "Across the Universe", "The Ruby in the Smoke", "Shameless", the "Red Riding" trilogy, the latest Guy Ritchie movie "Sherlock Holmes", "East is East" sequel "West is West" and the latest Nike commercial. He recently appeared in a theatre production (The Hippodrome) with Becky Simpson (Rebecca Paul), his partner, in a stage production of "Mack & Mabel", the musical by Jerry Herman about the silent movie producer Mack Sennett and his lover Mabel Normand. This was followed by an appearance in the theatre production of "Tom's Midnight Garden".

paragraph: Wes Paul's latest venture is a short film which was written by his partner, Becky Simpson, entitled "Girl Talk", which is being filmed in Manchester. Several scenes being shot in the notable Canal Street Taurus Club. Diane Whitley is the executive producer, Becky Simpson is the producer, Ric Forster ("Holly Oaks") is the director and Wes Paul is the assistant producer.

paragraph: Section::::Artist.

paragraph: Paul has been an artist in Oil since 1980 shortly before graduating with a "Bachelor of Arts" (1982) and "Bachelor of Science" (1989) also "PG Certificate" in Project Management. He recently began (2012) specialising in Watercolours and Acrylics, he is the former – Webmaster of Todmorden Art Group

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Wes Paul on CalderCats.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Information about Cavern Showcase. Kingsize Taylor.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- MySpace Cavern Showcase

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cavern Showcase gig list. Compère: Wes Paul

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dominoes 50th Anniversary. Compère: Wes Paul

paragraph: BULLET::::- Images from 50th Anniversary of the Cavern Club. Compère, Stage Manager, Photographer: Wes Paul

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Wes Paul on LiverpoolHome.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Wes Paul Band

description: Singer, Guitarist, actor, artist

wikidata_label: Wes Paul

wikipedia_title: Wes Paul


text: American football

text: nose tackle

text: Chicago Bears

text: National Football League

text: college football

text: Florida State University

text: Washington, D. C.

text: Yannick Ngakoue

text: high school football

text: Rivals.com

text: Mario Edwards, Jr.

text: Florida State University

text: sacks

text: 2015 NFL Draft

text: Chicago Bears

text: 2015 NFL Draft

text: Mel Kiper Jr.

text: Pro Football Writers of America

text: Los Angeles Rams

text: Jared Goff

text: Pro Football Focus

text: Florida State Seminoles bio

text: Chicago Bears bio

text: Career stats

categories: Florida State Seminoles football players,Players of American football from Washington, D.C.,Chicago Bears players,American football defensive tackles,1994 births,Living people

paragraph: Eddie Goldman

paragraph: Eddie Goldman (born January 6, 1994) is an American football nose tackle for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Florida State University.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: A native of Washington, D. C., he attended Friendship Collegiate Academy Public Charter School, where he played football with Yannick Ngakoue, and basketball. In high school football, he was an All-American defensive lineman. Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Goldman was listed as the second best defensive tackle in his class, behind only Mario Edwards, Jr., who later on attended Florida State with Goldman.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Goldman attended Florida State University from 2012 to 2014. During his career, he had 262 tackles and six sacks. After his junior season, Goldman decided to forgo his senior year and enter the 2015 NFL Draft

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2015.

paragraph: Goldman was drafted 39th overall by the Chicago Bears in the 2015 NFL Draft. In his rookie year, he played fifteen games, recording 39 tackles and six tackles for a loss (TFLs), while being ranked fourth among rookies with 4.5 sacks. For his season, he was named to Mel Kiper Jr.'s All-Rookie Team and the Pro Football Writers of America's All-Rookie Team.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2016.

paragraph: Goldman played in six games with five starts in 2016. He suffered a high ankle sprain in Week 2 and missed the next six games. He returned in Week 10 but was bothered by the ankle injury and was placed on injured reserve on December 23, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017.

paragraph: Goldman appeared in 11 games in the 2017 season. He recorded 1.5 sacks, 44 combined tackles, five quarterback hits, and one fumble recovery.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2018.

paragraph: On September 7, 2018, Goldman signed a four-year contract extension with the Bears worth $42 million with $25 million guaranteed. In week 14 against the Los Angeles Rams, Goldman sacked Jared Goff in the end zone for a safety. The Bears won the game 15–6. He finished the 2018 season with three sacks, 40 combined tackles, three quarterback hits, and one fumble recovery. He received an overall grade of 89.2 from Pro Football Focus in 2018, which ranked as the 12th highest grade among all qualifying interior defenders.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florida State Seminoles bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chicago Bears bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Career stats

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Eddie Goldman

wikipedia_title: Eddie Goldman


text:
War of 1812
St. Mary's County, Maryland
colonial Maryland
militia
American Revolution
Maryland House of Delegates
Judge
Orphans Court
plantation
Mulberry Fields
"Sotterley"
"Stratford Hall"
Robert E. Lee
Major
Europe
President
John Quincy Adams
Minister to Sweden
Greece
Stockholm
Château de la Grange-Bléneau
Marquis de Lafayette
Courpalay
France
Richmond Theatre fire
Edward Livingston
slave
manumission

categories: Maryland in the War of 1812,People from St. Mary's County, Maryland,19th-century American diplomats,1790 births,1826 deaths,American people of the War of 1812

paragraph: William C. Somerville

paragraph: William Clarke Somerville (March 25, 1790 – January 5, 1826) was an author, historian, diplomat, American plantation owner and militia officer in the War of 1812.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: William Clarke Somerville was born in St. Mary's County, Maryland on March 25, 1790. His family had been prominent in colonial Maryland, and his father William Somerville (1755-1806) was a militia officer before and during the American Revolution, and served in the Maryland House of Delegates and as Judge of the county Orphans Court.

paragraph: The younger Somerville was educated by his parents and became involved in managing his family's plantations. At different times in his life he owned: "Mulberry Fields", which he inherited from his father; "Sotterley", which he won from his brother in law in a dice game; and "Stratford Hall", the birthplace of Robert E. Lee. He later renamed "Mulberry Fields" to "Montalbino".

paragraph: During the War of 1812 Somerville served in the 12th Regiment of Maryland Militia, based in St. Mary's County, and attained the rank of Major.

paragraph: Following the war Somerville made an extended tour of Europe, and established several friendships with political, military and society figures that he maintained until the end of his life. As a result of his time in France, he penned a history, entitled "Letters from Paris, on the Causes and Consequences of the French Revolution" which was first published in Baltimore in 1822.

paragraph: To capitalize on Somerville's contacts, in 1825 President John Quincy Adams appointed him to be Minister to Sweden and directed him to carry out a diplomatic assignment in Greece before proceeding to Stockholm.

paragraph: While en route to Greece, Somerville became ill while staying at Château de la Grange-Bléneau, the estate of the Marquis de Lafayette in Courpalay, France. He died there on January 5, 1826 and was buried on the estate.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Somerville never married. He was first engaged to Sarah Conyers, who died in the 1811 Richmond Theatre fire. He was later engaged to Coralie (Cora) Livingston (1806-1873), the daughter of Edward Livingston, but died without marrying her.

paragraph: William C. Somerville's will, which Lafayette sent to Somerville's family, named William's brother Henry V. Somerville as beneficiary. William Somerville's assets consisted chiefly of the plantations he still owned and the slaves who worked on them. (Before the War of 1812 he had owned nearly 50.) In his will William Somerville left detailed instructions for the gradual manumission of his slaves, and provisions for one to immediately purchase his freedom from Henry Somerville.

description: American plantation owner

wikidata_label: William C. Somerville

wikipedia_title: William C. Somerville


text: Bavaria

text: Arlon

text: Province of Luxembourg

text: Belgium

text: Feldafing

text: Possenhofen

text: Lake Starnberg

text: Ludwig I

text: Moosburg

text: Munich

text: Haag an der Amper

text: Johann Baptista Ruffini

text: Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl

text: Aloys Reichsgraf Basselet von La Rosée

categories: 1710 births,1795 deaths,Bavarian generals,People from Arlon

paragraph: Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée

paragraph: Johann Kaspar (Jean-Gaspard) Reichsgraf Basselet von La Rosée (April 30, 1710 - April 12, 1795) was a leading Bavarian general.

paragraph: Basselet von La Rosée was born at Arlon, Province of Luxembourg, Belgium. Advancing his career in the army of his new fatherland Bavaria, his positions included electoral Privy Councillor, Lieutenant Field Marshal and Director of the War Council.

paragraph: In 1761, he was appointed an honorary member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, in 1764 created an Imperial Count (title recognized in Bavaria in 1766). In approximately 1760, he purchased the villages of Feldafing and Possenhofen as well as , thus becoming the owner of the longest connected waterfront of Lake Starnberg. In 1834, his heirs sold the whole property to Duke Maximilian in Bayern, while King Ludwig I became proprietor of the island.

paragraph: In 1770, Count Basselet von La Rosée purchased the estate of near Moosburg.

paragraph: He died, aged 84, in Munich. His tomb can still be found in the vault chapel of the Counts La Rosée in Inkofen, today part of Haag an der Amper.

paragraph: He was married to a daughter of the salt trader Johann Baptista Ruffini, who was at the same time a niece of the Bavarian State Chancellor Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl. His son was the electoral Bavarian chamberlain, Privy Councillor and President of the High Court of Appellation Aloys Reichsgraf Basselet von La Rosée.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moritz Graf Strachwitz: "Die Nachkommen des Johann Caspar Graf Basselet de la Rosée: kurbayerischer General der Kavallerie und Hofkriegsratspräsident (1710 - 1795)". Type-written manuscript Munich: M. Strachwitz 1996.

description: Bavarian general

wikidata_label: Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée

wikipedia_title: Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée