text: postmodernist

text: metafiction

text: Cambridge, Maryland

text: Juilliard

text: Johns Hopkins University

text: The Shirt of Nessus

text: Pennsylvania State University

text: State University of New York at Buffalo

text: Jorge Luis Borges

text: Lost in the Funhouse

text: Boston University

text: Johns Hopkins University

text: The Floating Opera

text: The End of the Road

text: suicide

text: abortion

text: realistic

text: The Sot-Weed Factor

text: postmodernism

text: Giles Goat-Boy

text: Joseph Campbell

text: The Hero with a Thousand Faces

text: Lost in the Funhouse

text: Chimera

text: metafiction

text: National Book Award for Fiction

text: LETTERS

text: stock character

text: rewriting

text: parody

text: device

text: The Literature of Exhaustion

text: The Atlantic

text: literary realism

text: the death of the novel

text: Roland Barthes

text: National Institute of Arts and Letters

text: Brandeis University

text: Rockefeller Foundation

text: Lost in the Funhouse

text: John Edward Williams

text: Augustus

text: American Academy of Arts and Letters

text: American Academy of Arts and Sciences

text: F. Scott Fitzgerald

text: Lannan Foundation

text: PEN/Malamud Award

text: Enoch Pratt

text: The Floating Opera

text: The Floating Opera

text: The End of the Road

text: The Sot-Weed Factor

text: Lost in the Funhouse

text: Chimera

text: LETTERS

text: The Tidewater Tales

text: The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor

text: Coming Soon!!!

text: Where Three Roads Meet

text: The Development

text: Every Third Thought

text: Maryland literature

text: de John Barth

text: Barth audio goodies at the Lannan site

text: "click!"

text: National Book Awards Acceptance Speech

categories: PEN/Malamud Award winners,Johns Hopkins University faculty,American male short story writers,1930 births,Pennsylvania State University faculty,People from Cambridge, Maryland,Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters,20th-century American male writers,American male novelists,Boston University faculty,Novelists from Maryland,Postmodern writers,Juilliard School alumni,Johns Hopkins University alumni,20th-century American novelists,21st-century American novelists,Living people,Novelists from Pennsylvania,Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,American short story writers,University at Buffalo faculty,National Book Award winners,Novelists from Massachusetts

paragraph: John Barth

paragraph: John Simmons Barth (; born May 27, 1930) is an American writer who is best known for his postmodernist and metafictional fiction.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: John Barth, called "Jack", was born in Cambridge, Maryland. He has an older brother, Bill, and a twin sister Jill. In 1947 he graduated from Cambridge High School, where he played drums and wrote for the school newspaper. He briefly studied "Elementary Theory and Advanced Orchestration" at Juilliard before attending Johns Hopkins University, where he received a B.A. in 1951 and an M.A. in 1952. His thesis novel, "The Shirt of Nessus", drew on his experiences at Johns Hopkins.

paragraph: Barth married Harriet Anne Strickland on January 11, 1950. He published two short stories that same year, one in Johns Hopkins's student literary magazine and one in "The Hopkins Review". His daughter, Christine Ann, was born in the summer of 1951. His son, John Strickland, was born the following year.

paragraph: Barth was a professor at Pennsylvania State University from 1953 to 1965, where he met his second and current wife, Shelly Rosenberg."John Barth" FAQ, http://www.davidlouisedelman.com/barth/faqs His third child, Daniel Stephen, was born in 1954. During the "American high Sixties", he moved to teach at the State University of New York at Buffalo from 1965 to 1973. In that period he came to know "the remarkable short fiction" of the Argentine Jorge Luis Borges, which inspired his collection "Lost in the Funhouse".

paragraph: Barth later taught at Boston University as a visiting professor in 1972–73 and at Johns Hopkins University from 1973 until retiring in 1995.

paragraph: Section::::Literary work.

paragraph: Barth began his career with "The Floating Opera" and "The End of the Road", two short realist novels that deal wittily with controversial topics, suicide and abortion respectively. They are straightforward realistic tales; as Barth later remarked, they "didn't know they were novels".

paragraph: "The Sot-Weed Factor" (1960) was initially intended as the completing novel of a trilogy comprising his first two "realist" novels, but, as a consequence of Barth's maturation as a writer, it developed into a different project. The novel is significant as it marked Barth's discovery of postmodernism.

paragraph: Barth's next novel, "Giles Goat-Boy" (about 800 pages), is a speculative fiction based on the conceit of the university as universe. Giles, a boy raised as a goat, discovers his humanity and becomes a savior in a story presented as a computer tape given to Barth, who denied that it was his work. In the course of the novel Giles carries out all the tasks prescribed by Joseph Campbell in "The Hero with a Thousand Faces". Barth kept a list of the tasks taped to his wall while he was writing the book.

paragraph: The short story collection "Lost in the Funhouse" (1968) and the novella collection "Chimera" (1972) are even more metafictional than their two predecessors, foregrounding the writing process and presenting achievements such as a seven-deep nested quotation. "Chimera" shared the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.

paragraph: In the novel "LETTERS" (1979), Barth interacts with characters from his first six books.

paragraph: His 1994 "Once Upon a Time: A Floating Opera", reuses stock characters, stock situations and formulas.

paragraph: Section::::Styles, approaches and artistic criteria.

paragraph: Barth's work is characterized by a historical awareness of literary tradition and by the practice of rewriting typical of postmodernism. He said, "I don't know what my view of history is, but insofar as it involves some allowance for repetition and recurrence, reorchestration, and reprise [...] I would always want it to be more in the form of a thing circling out and out and becoming more inclusive each time." In Barth's postmodern sensibility, parody is a central device.

paragraph: Around 1972, in an interview, Barth declared that "The process [of making a novel] is the content, more or less."

paragraph: Barth's fiction continues to maintain a precarious balance between postmodern self-consciousness and wordplay and the sympathetic characterization and "page-turning" plotting commonly associated with more traditional genres and subgenres of classic and contemporary storytelling.

paragraph: Section::::Essays.

paragraph: While writing these books, Barth was also pondering and discussing the theoretical problems of fiction writing.

paragraph: In 1967, he wrote a highly influential and to some controversial essay considered a manifesto of postmodernism, "The Literature of Exhaustion" (first printed in "The Atlantic", 1967). It depicts literary realism as a "used-up" tradition; Barth's description of his own work, which many thought illustrated a core trait of postmodernism, is "novels which imitate the form of a novel, by an author who imitates the role of author".

paragraph: The essay was widely considered a statement of "the death of the novel", (compare with Roland Barthes' "The Death of the Author"). Barth has since insisted that he was merely making clear that a particular stage in history was passing, and pointing to possible directions from there. He later (1980) wrote a follow-up essay, "The Literature of Replenishment", to clarify the point.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 — National Book Award finalist for "The Floating Opera"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 — National Institute of Arts and Letters grant in literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 — The Brandeis University creative arts award in fiction

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965-66 — The Rockefeller Foundation grant in fiction

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 — Nominated for the National Book Award for "Lost in the Funhouse"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 — Shared the National Book Award for "Chimera" with John Edward Williams and "Augustus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 — Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 — Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 — F. Scott Fitzgerald Award for Outstanding Achievement in American Fiction

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 — Lannan Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 — PEN/Malamud Award for Excellence in the Short Story

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 — Enoch Pratt Society's Lifetime Achievement in Letters Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 — Roozi Rozegari, Iranian literature prize for best foreign work translation "The Floating Opera"

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Fiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Floating Opera" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The End of the Road" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sot-Weed Factor" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Giles Goat-Boy, or, The Revised New Syllabus" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lost in the Funhouse: Fiction for Print, Tape, Live Voice" (stories) (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chimera" (three linked novellas) (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "LETTERS" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tidewater Tales" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor" (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (memoirish novel) (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On with the Story" (stories) (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coming Soon!!!: A Narrative" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Book of Ten Nights and a Night: Eleven Stories" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Where Three Roads Meet" (three linked novellas) (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Development: Nine Stories" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Every Third Thought: A Novel in Five Seasons" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Collected Stories" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Nonfiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Friday Book" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Further Fridays" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Final Fridays" (2012)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maryland literature

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rovit, Earl, "The Novel as Parody: John Barth." "Critique" 6 (Fall 1963).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dean, Gabrielle, and Charles B. Harris, eds. (2016). "John Barth: A Body of Words." Dalkey Archive Press. 978-1-56478-869-6

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vida, Obra y Libros usados de John Barth

paragraph: BULLET::::- North American Postmodern Fiction: John Barth

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barth audio goodies at the Lannan site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barth on KCRW's radio program 'Bookworm' with Michael Silverblatt

paragraph: BULLET::::- "click!", a short story by John Barth centered on hypertextuality

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Book Awards Acceptance Speech

description: American writer

enwikiquote_title: John Barth

wikidata_label: John Barth

wikipedia_title: John Barth


text: transliterated

text: Lebanese

text: Lebanese dialect

text: Arabic

text: Maronite

text: Zahle

text: Ottoman Lebanon

text: Syrian Social Nationalist Party

text: Arabic

text: Antun Saadeh

text: Arab

text: Phoenicia

text: Lebanese Renewal Party

text: Arabic

text: May Murr

text: sect

text: Lebanese Civil War

text: Guardians of the Cedars

text: Arabic

text: Étienne Saqr

text: Lebanese language

text: Arabic language

text: Phoenician language

text: Latin alphabet

text: Arabic one

text: Arabic language

text: Lebanese dialect

text: Arabic alphabet

text: Lebanese Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Fairuz

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: French

text: Syrian Social Nationalist Party

text: Antun Saadeh

text: Arabic

text: Rahbani Brothers

text: Feyrouz

text: Arabic

text: Jerusalem

text: Arabic

text: Mecca

text: Arabic

text: Damascus

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: As-Safir

text: Phoenicianism

text: Guardians of the Cedars

text: Lebanese Arabic

text: Poet Said Akl- All Poems

text: Said Akl's biography

categories: 1912 births,Lebanese Renewal Party politicians,Lebanese writers,2014 deaths,Lebanese centenarians,Year of birth uncertain,Phoenicianists,Lebanese philosophers,Guardians of the Cedars politicians,Lebanese anti-Syrian activists,Critics of Arab nationalism,People from Zahle,20th-century male writers,20th-century Lebanese poets,Lebanese Maronites,Lebanese nationalists,Lebanese male poets

paragraph: Said Akl

paragraph: Said Akl (, ', also transliterated Saïd Akl, Said Aql and Saeed Akl; 4 July 1911 – 28 November 2014) was a Lebanese poet, philosopher, writer, playwright and language reformer. He was considered one of the most important modern Lebanese poets. He is most famous for proposing the creation of the Lebanese language, distinct from Arabic with its own Latin-based alphabet system made up of 36 letters. Some of his poems were written in this Lebanese language.

paragraph: His writings include poetry and prose both in Lebanese dialect and in classical Arabic language. He has also written theatre pieces and authored lyrics for many popular songs.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Akl was born in 1912 to a Maronite family in the city of Zahle, Ottoman Lebanon. After losing his grandfather at the age of 14, he had to drop out of school because of laziness and later worked as a teacher and then as a journalist. He then studied theology, literature and Islamic history, becoming a university instructor and subsequently lecturing in a number of Lebanese universities, educational and policy institutes. He died in Beirut, Lebanon at the age of 102 or 103.

paragraph: Section::::Ideology.

paragraph: During his early years, Akl was an adherent of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (in Arabic الحزب السوري القومي الإجتماعي) led by Antun Saadeh, eventually being expelled by Saadeh due to irreconcilable ideological disputes.

paragraph: Akl adopted a powerful doctrine of the authentic millennial character of Lebanon resonating with an exalted sense of Lebanese dignity. His admiration to the Lebanese history and culture was marked by strong enmity towards an Arab identity of Lebanon. He was quoted saying, “I would cut off my right hand just not to be an Arab”. In 1968 he stated that literary Arabic would vanish from Lebanon.

paragraph: For Akl Lebanon was the cradle of culture and the inheritor of the Oriental civilization, well before the arrival of the Arabs on the historical stage. He emphasized the Phoenician legacy of the Lebanese people.

paragraph: He is known for his radical Lebanese nationalistic sentiments; in 1972, he helped found the Lebanese Renewal Party (in Arabic حزب التجدّد اللبناني transliterated as Hizb al Tajaddod al Lubnaani) which was proposed by May Murr, a well known writer and researcher of ancient Lebanese history and a staunch supporter of Akl. This party was a non-sectarian party that adhered to Lebanese Nationalism. During the Lebanese Civil War, Akl served as the spiritual leader of the Lebanese Nationalist movement Guardians of the Cedars (in Arabic حرّاس الأرز), which was led by Étienne Saqr.

paragraph: Section::::Lebanese language and alphabet.

paragraph: Akl was an ideologue for promotion of the Lebanese language as independent of Arabic language. Although acknowledging the influence of Arabic, he argued that Lebanese language was equally if not more influenced by Phoenician languages and promoted the use of the Lebanese dialect written in a modified Latin alphabet, rather than the Arabic one.

paragraph: His designed alphabet for the Lebanese language using the Latin alphabet in addition to a few newly designed letters and some accented Latin letters to suit the Lebanese phonology. The proposed Lebanese alphabet designed by Akl contained 36 letters. The proposed alphabet was as follows:

paragraph: Starting in the 1970s Akl offered a prize to whoever authored the best essay in Lebanese Arabic. Since then the Said Akl awards have been granted to many Lebanese intellectuals and artists. He published his poetry book "Yara" completely using his proposed Lebanese alphabet, thus becoming the first book ever to be published in this form. In later years, he also published his poetry book "Khumasiyyat" in the same alphabet.

paragraph: Akl published the tabloid newspaper "Lebnaan" using the Lebanese dialect. It was published in two versions, لبنان (transliteration and pronunciation "Lubnan" which means Lebanon in Arabic language) using Lebanese dialect written in traditional Arabic alphabet, the other "Lebnaan" (Lebanese Arabic for Lebanon) in his proposed Lebanese Latin-based alphabet.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Akl has numerous writings ranging from theatrical plays, epics, poetry and song lyrics. His first published work was released in 1935, a theatrical play written in Arabic. His works are written in either Lebanese Arabic, literary Arabic, or French. He is also known for writing lyrics of many well-known songs, including "Zahrat al Madaen" (in Arabic زهرة المدائن) sung by Fairuz.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935: Bin Yifta' (theater) – (in Arabic بنت يفتاح)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937: Al Majdaliyyah (Epic) – (in Arabic المجدليّة)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944: Qadmos (theater) – (in Arabic قدموس)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950: Rindalah – (in Arabic رندلى)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954: Mushkilat al Nukhba – (in Arabic مشكلة النخبة)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960: Amal minik...? La! – (in Arabic !أجمل منك...؟ لا

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960: Lubnaan in haka – (in Arabic لبنان إن حكى)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: Ka's el Kamr (in Arabic كأس الخمر)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: Yarak (using his designed Lebanese alphabet) (in Arabic يارا)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: Ajraas al Yasmeen (in Arabic أجراس الياسمين)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: Kitab al Ward (in Arabic كتاب الورد)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979: Qasaed min Daftari (in Arabic قصائد من دفتري)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: Kama al A'mida (in Arabic كما الأعمدة)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978: Khumasiyyat (using his designed Lebanese alphabet) (in Arabic خماسيّات)

paragraph: In 1981 he also published poems in French

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthems

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akl proposed the lyrics for an anthem for the pan-Syrian Syrian Social Nationalist Party, but this was rejected by its founder Antun Saadeh, who proposed another anthem for the party that he had written in prison. When asked about what he wrote, Akl denied writing it, and said that it was a certain Wadih Khalil Nasrallah (a relative of Akl by marriage) who wrote the lyrics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akl wrote the anthem of another pan-Arab movement, "Jam'iyyat al Uruwwa al Wuthqa" (in Arabic جمعية العروة الوثقى).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Songwriting

paragraph: Akl has also written poems that were turned into pan-Arab anthem songs with music from the Rahbani Brothers and sung by the Lebanese diva Feyrouz. These include "Zahrat al Madaen" (in Arabic زهرة المدائن) about Jerusalem, "Ghannaytou Makkah" (in Arabic غنّيتُ مكة ) about Mecca and "Saailiini ya Sham" (in Arabic سائليني يا شام ) about Damascus, "Ruddani ila biladi" (in Arabic ردني إلى بلادي ) about Lebanon and "Ummi ya malaki" (in Arabic أمي يا ملاكي ) about his mother.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Media

paragraph: Said Akl wrote as a journalist in a number of publications, notably the Lebanese "Al-Jarida" newspaper and the weekly "Al-Sayyad" magazine. In the 1990s, Akl also wrote a front-page personal column in the Lebanese "As-Safir" newspaper

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phoenicianism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guardians of the Cedars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lebanese Arabic

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hind Adeeb, "شعرية سعيد عقل", Dar Al Farabi Editions (Arabic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plonka Arkadiusz, "L’idée de langue libanaise d’après Sa‘īd ‘Aql", Paris, Geuthner, 2004 (French), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plonka Arkadiusz, "Le nationalisme linguistique au Liban autour de Sa‘īd ‘Aql et l’idée de langue libanaise dans la revue «Lebnaan» en nouvel alphabet", Arabica, 53 (4), 2006, pp. 423–471. (French).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Durtal, "Saïd Akl: Un grand poète libanais", Nouvelles Editions Latine, 1970 (French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elie Kallas e Anna Montanari, "Akl Said, Yaara – Inno alla donna", Venezia, Cafoscarina, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franck Salameh, "Language Memory and Identity in the Middle East; The Case for Lebanon", (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2011),

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poet Said Akl- All Poems

paragraph: BULLET::::- Said Akl's biography

alias:
سعيد عقل
Saeed Akl
Saïd Akl
Said Aql

description: Lebanese poet

wikidata_label: Said Akl

wikipedia_title: Said Akl


text:
Berkeley Square
Edward St. Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset
baronet
HMS "Somerset" (IV)
St. George's
Hanover Square
Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset
Royal Horse Guards
The Wolds
High Sheriff of Leicestershire
Maiden Bradley
Warminster
Algernon St. Maur
Ducal House of Somerset

categories: 1810 births,1891 deaths,Dukes of Somerset,Seymour family,High Sheriffs of Leicestershire

paragraph: Archibald St Maur, 13th Duke of Somerset

paragraph: Archibald Algernon Henry St. Maur, formerly Seymour, 13th Duke of Somerset, etc. (30 December 1810 – 28 Berkeley Square, London, Oct 1891) was the son of Edward St. Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset and Lady Charlotte Douglas-Hamilton. He was also a baronet. His motto, "", "Faith for Duty", has been adopted by HMS "Somerset" (IV) by permission.

paragraph: He was baptized on 17 June 1811 at St. George's, Hanover Square, London, and succeeded his brother Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset, in 1885. In his younger years he had served as a captain in the Royal Horse Guards. He spent much of his life at Burton Hall, in The Wolds, managing the estate. He served as High Sheriff of Leicestershire for 1844.

paragraph: Archibald died at the age of 80, unmarried and childless, was interred at Maiden Bradley, Warminster, Wiltshire, and his titles passed to his brother, Algernon St. Maur.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: The 13th Duke of Somerset is interred in the church graveyard at Berry Pomeroy, Devon. The grave is made of red granite and situated next to the main gate. born 10 December 1810 - died 10 January 1891

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ducal House of Somerset

description: Duke of Somerset

wikidata_label: Archibald Seymour, 13th Duke of Somerset


text: Maiden Bradley

text: Stover House

text: Teigngrace

text: Monkton Farleigh

text: Wiltshire

text: Webb Seymour, 10th Duke of Somerset

text: Stanton Harcourt

text: Oxfordshire

text: Staffa

text: Iona

text: Free Church of England

text: mathematician

text: Linnean Society of London

text: Royal Institution

text: Royal Society

text: Knight of the Garter

text: townhouse

text: Park Lane

text: Somerset House

text: George Templer

text: Stover

text: Teigngrace

text: Newton Abbot

text: Maiden Bradley

text: Stover Canal

text: Haytor Granite Tramway

text: porte cochere

text: Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset

text: Georgiana Sheridan

text: Harold St. Maur

text: entail

text: Orelton

text: Herefordshire

text: Marylebone

text: Portland Place

text: Sir Michael Shaw-Stewart, 5th Baronet

text: Blackhall, Renfrewshire

text: Sir William Maxwell, 3rd Baronet

text: Somerset House

text: Kensal Green Cemetery

text: Ducal House of Somerset

categories: Presidents of the Linnean Society of London,1855 deaths,Knights of the Garter,Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery,Fellows of the Royal Society,1775 births,Dukes of Somerset,Seymour family

paragraph: Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset

paragraph: Edward Adolphus St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset (24 February 1775 – 15 August 1855), styled Lord Seymour until 1793, of Maiden Bradley in Wiltshire and Stover House, Teigngrace, Devon, was a British landowner and amateur mathematician.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Seymour was born at Monkton Farleigh in Wiltshire, the son and heir of Webb Seymour, 10th Duke of Somerset (1718-1793) by his wife Mary Bonnell, daughter of John Bonnell, of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire. He was baptised on 4 April 1775 at Monkton Farleigh, with the name of Edward Adolphus Seymour, but later changed it to Edward Adolphus St. Maur, in the belief it was the original ancient form of the name.

paragraph: In 1793 he succeeded his father in the dukedom. In 1795, in the company of Reverend John Henry Michell, he undertook a tour through England, Wales and Scotland, which he recorded in a journal, published in 1845. The tour took him as far as the Isles of Staffa and Iona in the Hebrides. He was a patron of the Free Church of England. He was a gifted mathematician and served as president of the Linnean Society of London from 1834 to 1837 and as president of the Royal Institution from 1826 to 1842. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1837 he was made a Knight of the Garter by Queen Victoria.

paragraph: In 1808 he purchased a London townhouse on Park Lane which he named Somerset House, and where he spent much of his time. In addition, in 1829 he purchased from George Templer (1781-1843) the Devonshire estate of Stover in the parish of Teigngrace, near Newton Abbot, and made Stover House his principal residence, where he displayed the valuable "Hamilton" art collection brought as her marriage portion by his wife Lady Charlotte Hamilton, a daughter of the 9th Duke of Hamilton. This included paintings by Rubens, Lawrence and Reynolds. The principal seat of the Seymour family had been Maiden Bradley in Wiltshire, but for one more generation it remained Stover. The Stover purchase included the Stover Canal and the Haytor quarries and Haytor Granite Tramway. He added a large porte cochere with Doric columns to Stover House and built a matching entrance lodge.

paragraph: Somerset married twice, firstly on 24 June 1800 to Lady Charlotte Douglas-Hamilton (6 April 1772 – Somerset House, Park Lane, London, 10 June 1827), daughter of Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton, by whom he had seven children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset (20 December 1804 – 28 December 1885), eldest son and heir, of Stover House. He married beneath his social station, in his relatives' opinion, and died childless. Upon his death the dukedom passed by law to his heir male, his younger brother, with whom he had developed an enmity due to the latter having called his wife Georgiana Sheridan a "low-bred greedy beggar woman, whose sole object was to get her hands on the property and leave it away from the direct heirs". The 12th Duke bequeathed Stover and its priceless contents, including the Hamilton treasures, in trust for his illegitimate grandson Harold St. Maur, which caused uproar on the part of his younger brother the 13th Duke, who considered the treasures to be family heirlooms which should have passed to him. He inherited Maiden Bradley House, presumably under an entail, but almost entirely stripped of its contents.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archibald Seymour, 13th Duke of Somerset (30 December 1810 – 12 January 1891), second son, who succeeded his childless brother in the dukedom.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Algernon St. Maur, 14th Duke of Somerset (22 December 1813 – 2 October 1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Charlotte Jane Seymour (1803 – 7 October 1889), who on 31 March 1839 married William Blount (d. 27 July 1885), of Orelton, Herefordshire

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Jane Wilhelmina Seymour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Anna Maria Jane Seymour (d. 23 September 1873), who on 13 September 1838 married William Tollemache (7 November 1810 – 17 March 1886), son of Hon. Charles Manners Tollemache of the Earls of Dysart by his wife Gertrude Florinda Gardiner.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Henrietta Seymour

paragraph: Following his first wife's death in 1827 he remarried on 28 July 1836 at Marylebone, Portland Place, London, to Margaret Shaw-Stewart, daughter of Sir Michael Shaw-Stewart, 5th Baronet of Blackhall, Renfrewshire by his wife Catherine Maxwell, daughter of Sir William Maxwell, 3rd Baronet. The marriage was childless.

paragraph: Somerset died at Somerset House in London, in August 1855, aged 80, and was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London. Margaret, his second wife, died at Somerset House on 18 July 1880, and was buried with her husband.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ducal House of Somerset

alias:
Edward St Maur
Edward Seymour

description: Duke of Somerset

wikidata_label: Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset

wikipedia_title: Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset


text:
Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset
Mary Webb
baronet
Easton
Wiltshire
Edward Seymour, 9th Duke of Somerset
Maiden Bradley
Warminster
London
London
Upper Grosvenor Street
St. Dunstan's
Stanton Harcourt
Oxfordshire
Merchant
Monkton Farleigh
Edward St. Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset
John Webb Seymour
Fellow of the Royal Society
Ducal House of Somerset

categories: Seymour family,1718 births,1793 deaths,Dukes of Somerset

paragraph: Webb Seymour, 10th Duke of Somerset

paragraph: Webb Seymour, 10th Duke of Somerset (3 December 1718 – 15 December 1793) was the son of Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset and his wife, the former Mary Webb. He was also a baronet.

paragraph: He was baptized on 4 December 1718 at Easton, Wiltshire. He inherited his titles from his brother Edward Seymour, 9th Duke of Somerset, in 1792. He died in Maiden Bradley, Warminster, Wiltshire, on 24 December 1793, and was buried there.

paragraph: In London on 11 or 15 December 1769, he married Anna Maria or Mary Anne Bonnell (d. London, Upper Grosvenor Street, 23 July 1802), daughter of John Bonnell, of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire (baptized St. Dunstan's, 2 July 1689 – interred Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, 28 November 1757), the son of Andrew Bonnell, a Merchant from London, and had four sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Edward Seymour (22 April 1771, bap. Monkton Farleigh, Wiltshire, 20 May 1771 – an infant, interred 4 February 1774)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Webb Seymour (Monkton Farleigh, Wiltshire, 11 May 1772, bap. Monkton Farleigh, Wiltshire, 8 June 1772 – an infant, interred Monkton Farley, Wiltshire, 4 February 1774)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward St. Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset (1775 – 1855)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord John Webb Seymour (7 February 1777 – 15 April 1819), Fellow of the Royal Society, unmarried and without issue

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ducal House of Somerset

description: son of Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset and Mary Webb

wikidata_label: Webb Seymour, 10th Duke of Somerset

wikipedia_title: Webb Seymour, 10th Duke of Somerset


text:
Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset
Mary Webb
baronet
Easton
Wiltshire
Maiden Bradley
Warminster
Wiltshire
Webb Seymour
Ducal House of Somerset

categories: 1792 deaths,1717 births,Seymour family,Dukes of Somerset

paragraph: Edward Seymour, 9th Duke of Somerset

paragraph: Edward Seymour, 9th Duke of Somerset, etc. (2 January 1717 – 2 January 1792) was the eldestson of Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset and his wife, the former Mary Webb. He was also a baronet.

paragraph: He was baptized on 27 January 1717 at Easton, Wiltshire.

paragraph: He died aged 74, unmarried and childless, and was interred on 11 January 1792 at Maiden Bradley, Warminster, Wiltshire. His titles passed to his brother Webb Seymour.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ducal House of Somerset

wikidata_label: Edward Seymour, 9th Duke of Somerset

wikipedia_title: Edward Seymour, 9th Duke of Somerset


text:
English peer
Sir Edward Seymour, 5th Baronet
Berry Pomeroy
Lord Protector Somerset
Catherine Fillol
Easton Royal
Wiltshire
Monkton Farleigh
Mary Webb
Seend
Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset
Duke of Somerset
Percy family
Alnwick Castle
Northumberland House
Petworth House
Syon House
Elizabeth
Charles Wyndham
Edward Seymour, 9th Duke of Somerset
Webb Seymour, 10th Duke of Somerset
Lord Francis Seymour
Dean
Wells Cathedral
Catherine Payne
Edward Seymour, 16th Duke of Somerset
Henry Abel Smith
Lady May Abel Smith
Hookwood
Maiden Bradley
Ducal House of Somerset

categories: British MPs 1741–1747,1695 births,Dukes of Somerset,1757 deaths,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,Seymour family

paragraph: Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset

paragraph: Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset (December 1694 or early 1695 – December 1757) was an English peer and landowner.

paragraph: The son of Sir Edward Seymour, 5th Baronet, of Berry Pomeroy, a descendant of Lord Protector Somerset by his first marriage, to Catherine Fillol, he was baptised at Easton Royal, Wiltshire, on 17 January 1694.

paragraph: On 8 March 1716 or 5 March 1717, at Monkton Farleigh, Edward Seymour married Mary Webb (born at Seend on 22 October 1697, died 1 February 1768, and buried at Seend), a daughter of Daniel Webb, of Monkton Farleigh, and wife Elizabeth Somner, daughter of John Somner, of Seend. They had at least five children.

paragraph: In December 1740, his father died and Seymour inherited his manors in Wiltshire and Devon. On 11 September 1744, with the unexpected death of George Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp (1725–1744), the only son of Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, the likelihood emerged of Seymour succeeding his distant cousin as Duke of Somerset and Baron Seymour, as the 7th Duke was then aged sixty, and his wife was past child-bearing age. On 23 November 1750 the Duke died, and Seymour duly succeeded to his titles. However, he inherited little of the great wealth enjoyed by his two immediate predecessors, as the 7th Duke had arranged for the principal Percy family estates and houses of Alnwick Castle, Northumberland House, Petworth House, and Syon House to be divided between his daughter Elizabeth and his nephew Charles Wyndham. As a result, the Dukes of Somerset were never again among the greatest landowning families.

paragraph: Seymour's children were all born long before the dukedom came to him:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Seymour, 9th Duke of Somerset (2 January 1717 – 2 January 1792)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Webb Seymour, 10th Duke of Somerset (3 December 1718 – 15 December 1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord William Seymour (1724 – 5 November 1800), m. 5 June 1767 Hester Maltravers (d. May 1812), and had issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Edward Seymour (b. 3 May 1768)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. William Seymour (b. 28 March 1769)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Hester Seymour (b. 24 November 1770)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Very Reverend Lord Francis Seymour (1726 – 16 February 1799), Dean of Wells Cathedral, m. 1749 Catherine Payne (d. 24 December 1801), and had issue, from which descended Edward Seymour, 16th Duke of Somerset; also an ancestor of Colonel Henry Abel Smith husband of Lady May Abel Smith.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Mary Seymour (1744 – 21 July 1762), m. 20 October 1759 Vincent John Biscoe, of Hookwood (1721 – 29 April 1770)

paragraph: The 8th Duke of Somerset died between 12 and 15 December 1757, and was buried at Maiden Bradley on 21 December 1757.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ducal House of Somerset

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset

wikipedia_title: Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset


text: Sir Francis Seymour

text: 2nd Duke of Somerset

text: Genoese

text: Lerici

text: Charles Seymour

wikipedia_title: Francis Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Trowbridge

categories: 1658 births,1678 deaths,Dukes of Somerset,Seymour family,Deaths by firearm in Italy

paragraph: Francis Seymour, 5th Duke of Somerset

paragraph: Francis Seymour, 5th Duke of Somerset (17 January 165820 April 1678), known as 3rd Baron Seymour of Trowbridge between 1665 and 1675, was an English peer.

paragraph: He was the son of Charles Seymour, 2nd Baron Seymour of Trowbridge and Elizabeth Alington (1635–1692). The dukedom came to him because his grandfather, Sir Francis Seymour, was a younger brother of the 2nd Duke of Somerset. He died aged 20, unmarried and childless, having been shot dead by Horatio Botti (a Genoese gentleman), whose wife Seymour was said to have insulted at Lerici. He was succeeded by his brother Charles Seymour.

description: Duke of Somerset

wikidata_label: Francis Seymour, 5th Duke of Somerset

wikipedia_title: Francis Seymour, 5th Duke of Somerset


text:
William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset
Grays Inn
Member of Parliament
Marlborough
Salisbury Cathedral
Francis Seymour
Marquessate of Hertford

wikipedia_title: Marlborough (UK Parliament constituency)

categories: Lord-Lieutenants of Somerset,1640s births,English MPs 1661–1679,Marquesses of Hertford (1641),Dukes of Somerset,Lord-Lieutenants of Wiltshire,Seymour family,1675 deaths

paragraph: John Seymour, 4th Duke of Somerset

paragraph: John Seymour, 4th Duke of Somerset and 3rd Marquess of Hertford (before 164629 April 1675) was an English peer and MP.

paragraph: He was the only surviving son of William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset and Lady Frances Devereux and entered Grays Inn in 1666. He succeeded his nephew as the 4th Duke of Somerset in 1671. In 1656 he married Sarah, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Edward Alston and widow of George Grimston.

paragraph: He was elected Member of Parliament for Marlborough in 1661.

paragraph: He died in 1675, childless, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral. He was succeeded in the dukedom by his cousin, Francis Seymour. The Marquessate of Hertford became extinct on his death.

description: Duke of Somerset

wikidata_label: John Seymour, 4th Duke of Somerset

wikipedia_title: John Seymour, 4th Duke of Somerset


text:
ajaw
Maya
Tikal
Sihyaj Chan K'awiil I

categories: Rulers of Tikal,3rd century in the Maya civilization

paragraph: Animal Headdress

paragraph: Animal Headdress, (fl. c. 292) was "ajaw" ("lord") of the Maya city-state of Tikal. He was father of his successor Sihyaj Chan K'awiil I and husband of Lady Skull.

wikidata_label: Animal Headdress

wikipedia_title: Animal Headdress


text:
ajaw
Maya
Tikal
Animal Headdress

categories: Rulers of Tikal,4th-century monarchs in North America,4th century in the Maya civilization

paragraph: Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil I

paragraph: Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil I, (fl. c. 307) was "ajaw" ("lord") of the Maya city-state of Tikal. He was son of his predecessor Animal Headdress and Lady Skull. The monument associated with Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil I is El Encanto Stela I.

description: Ruler of Tikal

wikidata_label: Sihyaj Chan K'awiil I

wikipedia_title: Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil I


text: Toronto

text: Ontario

text: OCAD University

text: interdisciplinarity

text: Canadian Art Magazine

text: The Power Plant

text: Presentation House Gallery

text: York University

text: University of Guelph

text: Southern Alberta Art Gallery

text: Lethbridge

text: Toronto Sculpture Garden

text: Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art

text: National Gallery of Canada

text: Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver)

text: Casino Luxembourg

text: Mercer Union

text: Australian Centre for Contemporary Art

text: Sobey Art Award

text: Agnes Etherington Art Centre

text: Centre Pompidou

text: Getty Museum

text: National Gallery of Canada

text: Perimeter Institute

text: University of Waterloo

text: Royal Bank of Canada

text: Bank of Montreal

text: TD Canada Trust

text: Artists Page from Susan Hobbs Gallery

categories: University of Guelph alumni,York University alumni,1976 births,Living people,Artists from Toronto,Canadian multimedia artists

paragraph: Derek Sullivan (artist)

paragraph: Derek Sullivan (born 1976) is a contemporary visual artist from Toronto, Ontario. Sullivan’s multidisciplinary practice employs drawing, sculpture, book works, and installation to engage with the legacy of modernist art and design. He is currently an Assistant Professor in Sculpture/Installation at OCAD University.

paragraph: Section::::Art Practice.

paragraph: Sullivan's art practice is characterized by its interdisciplinarity. Of the artist, Canadian Art Magazine writes, "employs drawing, painting, sculpture, book works and installation to question familiar forms and genres, often to examine the links between one discipline and the next."

paragraph: Books and the act of reading have consistently been central to Sullivan's practice. This interest was apparent in the 2011 exhibition "Albatross Omnibus" at The Power Plant; where Sullivan hung 52 limited-edition books from one of the gallery's ceilings; and within his limited edition publication, "Lynn Valley 8", a series of 40 books co-produced by Bywater Bros. Editions and Presentation House Gallery in 2013 which are only two of the seventy plus Artists Publications Sullivan has produced.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Sullivan graduated from York University with a BFA (1998). He earned his MFA from University of Guelph (2002).

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Sullivan has been the subject of several solo exhibitions including, "The Missing Novella" at Oakville Galleries in 2015; the 2011 exhibition "Albatross Omnibus" at The Power Plant;"We May be Standing on the Shoulders of Giants but Some of us are Looking at the Stars" in 2008 at the Southern Alberta Art Gallery in Lethbridge Alberta; and in 2005 he presented "KIOSK 2005" at the Toronto Sculpture Garden. He has been included in numerous group exhibitions including at the Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art, Toronto; National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa; Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver); Casino Luxembourg; Mercer Union, Toronto; Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, Melbourne; and the Swiss Institute, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Awards & Recognition.

paragraph: In 2012, Sullivan was a shortlisted for the Sobey Art Award, Canada's largest award for young artists. He was also nominated for the award in 2009, 2011, and 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Gallery of York University, Toronto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliothèque Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliothèque de France, Paris (France)

paragraph: BULLET::::- CDLA, Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche (France)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Getty Museum Archives and Library, Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacDonald-Stewart Art Centre, Guelph

paragraph: BULLET::::- Library & Archives of the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- McCarthy-Tétrault, Toronto

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perimeter Institute, Waterloo

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Waterloo Art Gallery, Waterloo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Bank of Canada Collection, Toronto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bank of Montreal Collection, Toronto

paragraph: BULLET::::- TD Canada Trust Bank Group Collection, Toronto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Private collections (Canada, USA, France, Belgium, Spain)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davies, Jon. "The Missing Novella", Oakville: Oakville Galleries, 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hutton, Jen. "Bookish in Belgium: Derek Sullivan’s friendly and formal “Young Americans”", Magenta Magazine Online, Summer 2011, Volume 2 No.3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Neville, Charo. "Ideas & Things". Kamloops: Kamloops Art Gallery, 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Twerdy, Saelen. "Garden of Forking Paths: A Conversation with Derek Sullivan." C Magazine, Issue 113, Spring 2012. pp. 22-29

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist Page on Canadian Art online magazine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist Page on National Gallery of Canada website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artists Page from Susan Hobbs Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artists Page from Tatjana Pieters Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artists Page from Galerie Antoine Ertaskiran

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artists Page from Galerie Emmanuel Hervé

description: multimedia artist

wikidata_label: Derek Sullivan

wikipedia_title: Derek Sullivan (artist)


text:
Alice Springs
Northern Territory
Baloochistan
Lord Roberts
Kandahar
Oodnadatta
South Australia
Alice Springs
Arltunga
Walter Smith
opium
Sadadeen

categories: 1933 deaths,1870 births,Australian businesspeople

paragraph: Charlie Sadadeen

paragraph: Saleh (Charlie) Sadadeen, sometimes spelt Sadadene, (c.1870 – 19 July 1933) was an Afghan cameleer and bushman who lived in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Cameleer.

paragraph: Sadadeen was born in Baloochistan around 1870. By 1880 he was working as a camel man for Lord Roberts on the march to Kandahar.

paragraph: It is thought he immigrated to Australia after obtaining work near Oodnadatta in South Australia at the time the railway line was completed in 1890. He was working with camel teams by 1902 for the Wallis Brothers, carting goods from Oodnadatta to Stuart, now Alice Springs and to Arltunga. By 1914 he managed a strong of 120–130 camels, half belonging to him, the other half to Wallis and Co. Legendary bushman Walter Smith worked for Sadadeen for about 15 years. He described him as a hard man but deeply respected his skills and practices. Smith suffered from migraines and describes Sadadeen leaving him under a tree with a billy of water, expecting him to catch up to the camel train upon recovery.

paragraph: Sadadeen married Annie Markham, but the relationship ended. They had no children.

paragraph: A devout Muslim, he was a leader for the Afghan community in their worship at a small mosque on Todd Street in Alice Springs. Sadadeen lived on Todd Street in central Alice Springs where he grew flowers, including at times, opium. He also grew vegetables at a place called Sadadeen Swamp about 30 kilometres south of Alice Springs.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Sadadeen died in Alice Springs in 1933.

paragraph: There is a monument and park dedicated to Sadadeen and his fellow cameleers outside the Alice Springs Town Council, on the block where Sadadeen lived. The Alice Springs suburb of Sadadeen is named after him, as is Sadadeen Primary School. Sadadeen Range on the east of Alice Springs also takes his name, which was where he kept his camels.

description: Afghan cameleer and bushman

wikidata_label: Charlie Sadadeen

wikipedia_title: Charlie Sadadeen


text: arthritic

text: rheumatoid

text: bee venom

text: bee venom therapy

text: Budapest

text: apiculture

text: University of Budapest

text: Charles Mraz

text: Austro-Hungarian Army

text: Mary A. Mason

text: Caesar A. von Ramdohr

text: St. Mark's Hospital

text: East 58th Street

text: suboxidation

text: ultraviolet rays

text: Kingston

text: Dorée Smedley

text: Museum Press

categories: Apitherapists,19th-century Hungarian physicians,Writers from New York (state),1871 births,Physicians from New York (state),1942 deaths,Eötvös Loránd University alumni,Austro-Hungarian Army officers,Beekeepers,People from Budapest,American rheumatologists,Hungarian emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Bodog F. Beck

paragraph: Bodog Felix Beck (1871 – 1 January 1942) was a Hungarian-born American physician who specialized in the treatment of arthritic and rheumatoid conditions using bee venom and who coined the term "bee venom therapy". There are no studies proving the ability of bee venom to cure any ailment.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bodog Beck was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1871, the son of Samu Beck and Rosalie Kuhn. As a boy, he kept bees, which engendered a lifelong interest in apiculture. He received his medical degree from the University of Budapest in 1892. According to the beekeeper Charles Mraz, who met Beck in 1935, he had served in the Austro-Hungarian Army. He married Anna Eleonore Krender in 1906.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: By 1902, Beck was living and practicing as a doctor in the United States.

paragraph: In 1912 he sued the estate of the late Mary A. Mason of New York and Great Barrington for fees of $7,000 for medical treatment given in 1909 and 1910. He was supported by the testimony of Dr. Caesar A. von Ramdohr, who said that any fee from $5,000 to $10,000 would be a fair fee for a doctor of Beck's standing. He was naturalized as an American citizen in 1919.

paragraph: He was on the staff of St. Mark's Hospital for many years and also in private practice at 116 East 58th Street between Park and Lexington Avenues in New York City. He specialized in the treatment of arthritic and rheumatoid conditions using bee venom and coined the term "bee venom therapy" which he described in his book "Bee venom therapy: Bee venom, its nature, and its effect on arthritic and rheumatoid conditions" (1935). In 1938 he produced "Honey and health: A nutrimental, medicinal and historical commentary".

paragraph: In 1937, "The Coshocton Tribune" reported that at the beekeepers' conference in Washington, D.C., Beck explained his discovery. After a series of experiments, he said, he had discovered that arthritis was caused by suboxidation, the lack of oxygen in the bloodstream, and that the venom from the sting of a bee entering the bloodstream gave off ultraviolet rays that provided oxygen to diseased tissue. He used from 20 to 75 or 100 bee stings per patient, from bees bred in his own hives outside his office specially for the purpose. He stated that arthritic patients were almost immune to the pain of the sting.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Beck died in Kingston, New York, on 1 January 1942, aged 71. His books have been reprinted since his death under new titles, "Bee venom therapy" as "The bible of bee venom therapy", and "Honey and health" in a revised edition as "Honey and your health" with Dorée Smedley. There are no studies proving the ability of bee venom to cure any ailment.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bee venom therapy: Bee venom, its nature, and its effect on arthritic and rheumatoid conditions". D. Appleton-Century Company, New York, 1935. (Reprinted as "The bible of bee venom therapy &c", Health Resources Press, 1997.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Honey and health: A nutrimental, medicinal and historical commentary". Robert M. McBride, New York, 1938.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Honey and your health: A nutrimental, medicinal & historical commentary". Museum Press, London, 1947. (Revised by Dorée Smedley)

alias:
Bodog F. Beck
Bodog Felix Beck

description: American physician

wikidata_label: Bodog Beck

wikipedia_title: Bodog F. Beck


text:
Member of Parliament
Royal Household
Corbet baronets
Stoke upon Tern
Christ Church, Oxford
Inner Temple
High Sheriff of Shropshire
Shropshire
Clerk of the Green Cloth
Commissioner of Customs

categories: High Sheriffs of Shropshire,People from Shropshire,1740 deaths,English MPs 1705–1707,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Members of the Inner Temple,British MPs 1707–1708,Baronets in the Baronetage of England,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,British MPs 1715–1722,British MPs 1708–1710

paragraph: Sir Robert Corbet, 4th Baronet

paragraph: Sir Robert Corbet, 4th Baronet (c.1670 – 3 October 1740) was an English Member of Parliament and official in the Royal Household.

paragraph: He was born the only surviving son of Sir John Corbet, 3rd Bt. of the Corbet baronets of Stoke upon Tern, Shropshire and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford and the Inner Temple (1688). He succeeded to the baronetcy in 1695.

paragraph: He was pricked High Sheriff of Shropshire for 1700–01 and was then elected to Parliament in 1705 to represent the county of Shropshire until 1710. He was reelected for Shropshire again in 1715, sitting until 1722. He was a loyal Whig and was rewarded for his party loyalty with the position of Clerk of the Green Cloth in the Royal household, a position he held, progressing from Third Clerk to First Clerk, until 1735.

paragraph: In that year he gave up the position in the Royal household to make way for a current Member of Parliament and was made instead a Commissioner of Customs until his death.

paragraph: He died in 1740. He had married Jane, the daughter of William Hooker, with whom he had 3 sons and 3 daughters. The baronetcy passed to his eldest son Sir William Corbet, 5th Baronet.

description: English Member of Parliament (died 1740)

wikidata_label: Robert Corbet

wikipedia_title: Sir Robert Corbet, 4th Baronet


text:
Adeje
Tenerife
Spain
Operación Triunfo 2017
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Operación Triunfo 2017
Star Academy
Ana Guerra
Palau Sant Jordi
Olympic Stadium in La Cartuja
Bizkaia Arena
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium
Mika
Troye Sivan
Adam Lambert
Ana Guerra
Aitana
Coca-Cola
Christmas
Pastora Soler
Eurovision 2012
Quédate conmigo
David Bisbal
Queen
Whitney Houston
Rachelle Ferrell
Muse
gay
LGTB
Operación Triunfo
Madrid Pride
LGBT

categories: 21st-century Spanish singers,People from Tenerife,LGBT entertainers from Spain,Operación Triunfo contestants,LGBT singers,English-language singers from Spain,Spanish male singers,LGBT composers,1995 births,Gay musicians,Living people

paragraph: Agoney

paragraph: Agoney Hernández Morales (Adeje, Tenerife, Spain, October 18, 1995), also known as Agoney, is a Spanish singer, composer and performer who rose to fame from his participation on the "Operación Triunfo 2017" program.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Agoney Hernández Morales was born on October 18, 1995 in Adeje, Santa Cruz de Tenerife. At the age of six, he began to play the trumpet in a band, and later continued studying music in Tenerife. He attended a performing arts high school and before entering "Operación Triunfo", he worked as a singer at a hotel in Tenerife.

paragraph: Section::::Operación Triunfo 2017.

paragraph: In 2017 Agoney appeared at the casting of "Operación Triunfo 2017", a reality talent show that is the original Spanish version of the "Star Academy" franchise. Agoney was chosen as one of the 16 participants of the talent show. He was eliminated in gala 12 after a very close vote against

paragraph: fellow contestant Ana Guerra who won with 50.3% of the two million votes. Once finished in the contest, Agoney was part of the Spanish "Operación Triunfo" tour, performing in such notable venues as the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, the Olympic Stadium in La Cartuja in Seville, the Bizkaia Arena in Bilbao, and the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid.

paragraph: Section::::2018-present: after Operación Triunfo.

paragraph: After finishing the tour of Operación Triunfo 2017, Agoney's solo career began. On August 31, 2018, he released his debut single, "Quizás" (Spanish for "maybe"). The song's lyrics are aimed at those who did not believe in him. Musically "Quizás" has been compared to artists such as Mika, Troye Sivan and Adam Lambert. "Quizás" received rave reviews and reached number one on the Spanish iTunes singles chart. The music video for the song reached one million views on YouTube in less than 48 hours. In December 2018 he sang with Ana Guerra, Lola Índigo, Raoul and Aitana for the Coca-Cola advertising campaign for Christmas.

paragraph: Agoney appeared at the 2019 , where he performed a dance remix of his single "Quizás" as part of the interval show.

paragraph: In March 2019, Agoney competed on the Spanish music television series "" ("The Best Song Ever Sung"). He won the 2010s episode with his performance of Pastora Soler's Eurovision 2012 entry "Quédate conmigo" and placed second in the grand final with his performance of David Bisbal's 2001 single "Ave María".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Agoney is influenced by Queen, Whitney Houston, Rachelle Ferrell and Muse. He is openly gay, having defended the visibility and rights of the LGTB community during Operación Triunfo and the national tour after it. Agoney was selected as one of the speakers at the opening ceremony of Madrid Pride 2018 and was featured on the cover of the winter 2018/2019 issue of the Spanish LGBT travel magazine "".

alias:
Agoney
Agoney Hernández Morales

description: Spanish singer, composer and performer

wikidata_label: Agoney Hernández

wikipedia_title: Agoney


text: Yonabaru

text: Okinawa

text: Japan

text: karate

text: Hohan Sōken

text: Okinawan kobudō

text: Sensei

text: Bushido Academy Italy

text: Shoshinkan: Matsumura Seito UK

text: Nishihira Kosei Sensei history

text: The History of Matsumura

text: Martial Arts Biography - Soken Hohan

text: Martial Arts Biography - Soken Hohan

paragraph: Kosei Nishihira

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Kosei Nishihira was born on the 10th of June 1942 in a small village close to Yonabaru, south of Okinawa, in Japan. From the age of fifteen, he studied the "orthodox" karate style known as Shōrinryū Matsumura Seitō Karate with Master Hohan Sōken.

paragraph: The style Nishihira was taught was very difficult, and only handed down to a very few, carefully selected "uchi-deshi" (internal students). Some external students from Japan and United States of America were also taught but without some of the techniques and training considered too dangerous for general use.

paragraph: At the age of thirty, he married the daughter of an Okinawan kobudō expert and had two sons. He opened a "bentoyasan" shop (lunch box caterer) in Nishihara, close to his "Sensei" Hohan Soken's house and despite his busy working days, practiced karate with commitment and passion. His diligence and commitment led to a close relationship with his Master Soken, so much that Nishihira used to call him "Tan-mei" (little uncle). Nishihira remained close to Grand Master Soken right up until Soken's death, taking care of him in his old age.

paragraph: During his life, Nishihira often had to challenge much stronger opponents who he eventually managed to overcome thanks to his Grand Master Soken's strict training. He was perfectly aware of the effectiveness of his techniques and had no need to create a different style.

paragraph: Although he maintained a low profile for many years, Kosei Nishihira became a Grand Master, internationally recognized as the heir of Karate Matsumura Seito of Grand Master Soken. Thanks to his humble and reserved behaviour, he was faithful to his Master's desire not to openly promote his style but rather to only hand the style down to the worthiest of students. His commitment to this paradigm was such that his neighbours were not aware he was a world-renowned karateka.

paragraph: Nishihira Kosei Sensei continue training until May 14, 2007, when, at the age of 64, he died.

paragraph: Several karate masters in the world now claim to have been Master Nishihira's students but before dying, Master Nishihira only recognised a small handful of masters as his students, namely Giuseppe Meloni (representative for Europe), Ricky Rose (U.S.A), Theodore Lange (Australia), Steve Watson (Australia), and Richard Boyden. Both Ricky Rose and Theodore Lange were also students of Master Soken Hohan.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paolo Vaccaro, "Shorin Ryu Matsumura Seito Karate – La vita dei maestri ieri e oggi", Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso Spa, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ronald L. Lindsey, "Okinawa no bushi no te", ed. R R Enterprises, 2011. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tetsuhiro Hokama, "Karate Site Guidance", ed. Budovideos, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shoshin Nagamine, "Tales of Okinawa's Great Masters", ed. Tuttle Publishing, 2000. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Bishop, "Okinawan Karate: Teachers, Styles and Secret Techniques", ed. Tuttle Publishing, 1990. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takayo Nakaya, "Karatedo History & Philosophy"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bushido Academy Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shoshinkan: Matsumura Seito UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nishihira Kosei Sensei history

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article by Steve Watson: Disparity in teachings of Soken Sensei

paragraph: BULLET::::- The History of Matsumura

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hohan Soken - The Life of a Grand Master

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abridged karate history of Master Phillip W. Koeppel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martial Arts Biography - Soken Hohan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fighting Arts: Chambering - note 2 at the end of the article

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview: Ronald Lindsey, Matsumura Seito 9th Dan - search for "Nishihira"

description: karateka

wikidata_label: Nishihira Kosei

wikipedia_title: Kosei Nishihira


text:
Canberra
Australian Capital Territory
Indica Records
Canberra
Merimbula
East Coast Blues & Roots Music Festival
Woodford Folk Festival
Canadian Music Week
Ottawa Folk Festival
Montreal International Jazz Festival
South by Southwest
Triple J
ABC Radio National
Billy Bragg
Warne Livesey
ARIA
The Avener
SNEP
Billy Bragg
APRA Music Awards of 2019

categories: Australian songwriters,21st-century Australian singers,1990 births,Living people,Australian male singers

paragraph: Kim Churchill

paragraph: Kim Churchill (born in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia on 26 September 1990) is an Australian folk, rock, and blues singer, songwriter, and musician. He has released six albums: "With Sword and Shield"/"Kim Churchill" in 2010, "Detail of Distance" in 2012, "Into the Steel" in 2013, "Silence/Win" in 2014, "Weight Falls" in 2017 and "I Am" in 2019. He is signed to Montreal-based Canadian label Indica Records

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Kim Churchill was born in Canberra and moved to the town of Merimbula at around age seven. He picked his first guitar when he was 4 years old when his father promised him a guitar if he did well in school. He was trained in classical guitar for ten years. He accompanies his guitar with blues harp (harmonica), stomp box, drums, and percussion instruments. He also plays lapsteel and tambourine.

paragraph: He started singing and playing in front of crowds very early, writing songs while experimenting various tunes or while busking in various venues. An avid fan of surfing, he incorporated the sport in many of his songs and music videos. Churchill tours extensively and has become a favourite during music festivals including the East Coast Blues & Roots Music Festival (Australia's "Bluesfest"), the Woodford Folk Festival, and other Australian venues. He has particular following in Canada where he took part in Canadian Music Week, the Ottawa Folk Festival and the famous Montreal International Jazz Festival. He enjoys good following in the United States where he performed at the South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas and the International Folk Federation Conference in Memphis, plus a tour in England, other European venues, and in Japan.

paragraph: He released his debut single "Loving Home" that received regular airplay nationally on Australian Triple J radio and ABC Radio National, as well as local and community stations all over Australia. His debut album was entitled "With Sword and Shield" and released under the title "Kim Churchill" internationally.

paragraph: Churchill's second studio album was released on 15 May 2012 being the album "Detail of Distance". It was recorded in Vancouver, Canada and was produced by Tod Simko and released by Indica Records. Owing to his popularity in Canada, the release was supported by a 2012 pan-Canadian national summer tour. In 2013 Churchill supported Billy Bragg on his Tooth and Nail tour.

paragraph: His fourth album "Silence/Win" was released on 1 April 2014 through Fontana North. Produced by Warne Livesey, it was recorded primarily in sessions in Ucluelet on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada. He also engaged on a pan-Canadian tour to promote the album. The track "Some Days the Rain May Fall" from the album charted on ARIA, the official Australian Singles Chart reaching number 86. Another track from the same album "Window to the Sky" was remixed by the French deep house and electro music producer The Avener and released in France as "You're My Window to the Sky" and charting on SNEP, the French Official Singles Chart.

paragraph: Section::::Reception.

paragraph: As part of a review of a Billy Bragg concert for the "Vancouver Weekly", critic Jason Motz said:

paragraph: "Opening on this night was the young, barefooted Aussie, Kim Churchill. Churchill made the most of an acoustic guitar, kick drum, pedals and a harmonica. Creating a sound I can only describe as psychedelic whale music, ocean-side blues or countrified Nick Drake, Churchill delivered an off-the-cuff set punctuated by a cover of Dylan’s "Subterranean Homesick Blues". Kim Churchill. Remember that name. He’s going to impress a whole mess of people on this tour. Next year, he could very well be headlining the Vogue."

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2009, Kim Churchill won Australia's National Youth Folk Artist of the Year.

paragraph: BULLET::::- At the APRA Music Awards of 2019, Kim Churchill's "Secondhand Car" was nominated for Blues & Roots Work of the Year.

description: Australian singer, songwriter, musician and guitarist

wikidata_label: Kim Churchill

wikipedia_title: Kim Churchill


text:
Tabuk Province
House of Saud
King Abdulaziz
Prince Thamir
Prince Mashhur
Tabuk Province
Prince Fahd bin Sultan
Consultative Council
Jeddah
Allegiance Council

categories: Governors of provinces in Saudi Arabia,Living people,1940 births

paragraph: Mamdouh bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

paragraph: Mamdouh bin Abdulaziz (born 1940) is the former governor of the Tabuk Province and a member of Saudi royal family, House of Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Prince Mamdouh was born in 1938, or 1940. His father is King Abdulaziz and his mother is Nuf bint Nawwaf bin Nuri Al Shaalan. They married in November 1935. Prince Mamdouh has two full brothers; late Prince Thamir and Prince Mashhur. In 1961 he married to Sultana bint Abdulla bin Abdulrahman Aldakhil.

paragraph: Section::::Experience.

paragraph: Prince Mamdouh was the governor of Tabuk Province from 1986 to 1987. He was succeeded by Prince Fahd bin Sultan as governor. Then he served as the director of Saudi Center of Strategic Studies from 1994 to 2004. During his term as the director of Strategic Studies, Prince Mamdouh also participated in the meetings of the Consultative Council in Jeddah. He is a member of the Allegiance Council.

description: Saudi Arabian prince

wikidata_label: Mamdouh bin Abdulaziz

wikipedia_title: Mamdouh bin Abdulaziz Al Saud


text: LDS hymns

text: current edition of the hymn book

text: Königsberg

text: East Prussia

text: Brooklyn

text: Fultonville, New York

text: 1985 English edition

categories: Songwriters from New York (state),People from Königsberg,Converts to Mormonism,Musicians from Brooklyn,20th-century organists,1897 births,German Latter Day Saint hymnwriters,People from Fultonville, New York,Latter Day Saints from New York (state),Male organists,20th-century German musicians,German Latter Day Saints,20th-century American musicians,1991 deaths,German classical organists,German emigrants to the United States,American Latter Day Saint hymnwriters

paragraph: Willy Reske

paragraph: Willy Julius Reske (September 25, 1897 – September 17, 1991) was a noted organist and composer. He wrote the music to several LDS hymns, two of which are in the current edition of the hymn book of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Reske was born in Königsberg, East Prussia. His parents were Julius Reske and Louise Schmidtke. Reske joined the LDS Church in 1922 in Germany. He married Martha Louise Wiemer in 1923. In 1926 Reske emigrated to Brooklyn, New York. Reske died in Fultonville, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Reske played the organ at German Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Paul's for 33 years. He composed hundreds of hymns and organ pieces.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Reske wrote the music to the following hymns in the 1985 English edition of the Latter-day Saint hymnal:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thy Servants Are Prepared" (nos. 261, 329)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "God's Daily Care" (no. 306)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: German hymnwriter

wikidata_label: Willy Reske

wikipedia_title: Willy Reske


text: House of Saud

text: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

text: Allegiance Council

text: Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud

text: King Abdulaziz

text: Prince Thamir

text: Prince Mamdouh

text: King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia

categories: Place of birth missing (living people),1942 births,Living people,Sons of Ibn Saud

paragraph: Mashhur bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

paragraph: Mashhur bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (born 1942) is a senior prince in the House of Saud and a member of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Allegiance Council. His daughter Sara is married to Saudi Arabia's crown prince and defense minister Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Prince Mashhur was born in 1942. His father was King Abdulaziz, and his mother was Nuf bint Nawwaf bin Nuri Al Shaalan. They married in November 1935. Prince Mashhur has two full brothers; late Prince Thamir and Prince Mamdouh.

paragraph: In August 2009, the Washington Institute for Near East Policy identified him as a potential successor to King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia.

description: Saudi Arabian Prince

wikidata_label: Mashhur bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

wikipedia_title: Mashhur bin Abdulaziz Al Saud


text:
ice hockey
forward
HC Sparta Praha
Czech Extraliga
2009 KHL Junior Draft

categories: Dinamo Riga players,People from Jūrmala,HC Zlín players,1990 births,HC Oceláři Třinec players,Latvian ice hockey players,HC Sparta Praha players,Living people

paragraph: Roberts Bukarts

paragraph: Roberts Bukarts (born June 27, 1990) is a Latvian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for HC Sparta Praha of the Czech Extraliga (EHL). He was a first round selection in the 2009 KHL Junior Draft.

description: Latvian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Roberts Bukarts

wikipedia_title: Roberts Bukarts


text: cricketer

text: Test matches

text: batsman

text: captain

text: average

text: innings

text: centuries

text: driver

text: opening batsman

text: boundaries

text: English

text: centuries

text: nickname

text: Frank "Paddy" Slavin

text: Tasmania

text: Royal Hobart Show

text: rabbit

text: Tasmanian Legislative Council

text: gall bladder

text: Glen Osmond, South Australia

text: John Darling

text: Prince Alfred College

text: runs

text: St Peter's College

text: Clem Hill

text: South Australian

text: Victoria

text: Australian rules football

text: Roseworthy Agricultural School

text: Adelaide

text: Rundle Street, Adelaide

text: first-class cricket

text: New South Wales

text: Adelaide Oval

text: England team

text: Andrew Stoddart

text: century

text: England

text: Sydney Cricket Ground

text: innings

text: George Giffen

text: Syd Gregory

text: golden duck

text: bowled

text: Tom Richardson

text: average

text: Wisden Cricketers' Almanack

text: The Ashes

text: Clem Hill

text: Sydney Cricket Ground

text: follow-on

text: Johnny Briggs

text: six

text: boundaries

text: 1899 Australian team touring England

text: Wisden

text: W. L. Murdoch

text: Lord's

text: Victor Trumper

text: fast bowler

text: Ernie Jones

text: Hill

text: Wisden Cricketers of the Year

text: sheep station

text: Tasmania

text: will

text: Oatlands

text: Melbourne Cricket Club

text: Archie MacLaren

text: toss

text: sticky wicket

text: Hugh Trumble

text: stumps

text: Reggie Duff

text: Warwick Armstrong

text: Monty Noble

text: Edgbaston

text: Wilfred Rhodes

text: Bramall Lane

text: pair

text: Old Trafford

text: Fred Tate

text: over

text: Jack Saunders

text: the Oval

text: Gilbert Jessop

text: South Africa

text: leg breaks

text: Old Trafford

text: boundaries

text: drives

text: Stanley Jackson

text: Scarborough Festival

text: East Torrens Cricket Club

text: Adelaide Cricket Club

text: Sturt Cricket Club

text: Claremont Cricket Club

text: Tasmanian Cricket Association

text: rabbits

text: Royal Agricultural Society of Tasmania

text: Royal Hobart Show

text: merino

text: subterranean clover

text: Hobart

text: Claremont

text: Cambridge

text: Tasmanian Legislative Council

text: Charles Eady

text: land tax

text: Royal Commission

text: Minister

text: 1938 New Year Honours

text: Mundoora, South Australia

text: gall bladder

text: Cornelian Bay

text: Congregationalist

text: Frank "Paddy" Slavin

text: Ernie Jones

text: driver

text: George Giffen

text: cut shots

text: point

text: lbw

text: KS Ranjitsinhji

text: gamesmanship

text: leg glance

text: Ray Robinson

text: Player's

text: Ernie Jones

text: twelfth man

text: Cricinfo Article on Joe Darling

categories: 1946 deaths,1870 births,People educated at Prince Alfred College,South Australia cricketers,Cricketers from Adelaide,Australian cricketers,Australia Test cricketers,Wisden Cricketers of the Year,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Australia Test cricket captains,Australian farmers,Members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council

paragraph: Joe Darling

paragraph: Joseph Darling (21 November 1870 – 2 January 1946) was an Australian cricketer who played 34 Test matches as a specialist batsman between 1894 and 1905. As captain, he led Australia in a total of 21 Tests, winning seven and losing four. In Test cricket, he scored 1657 runs at an average of 28.56 per innings, including three centuries. Darling toured England four times with the Australian team—in 1896, 1899, 1902 and 1905; the last three tours as captain. He was captain of the Australian cricket team in England in 1902, widely recognised as one of the best teams in Australian cricket history.

paragraph: He was a stocky, compact man and a strong driver of the ball, playing most of his cricket as an opening batsman. He was a patient batsman and was known for his solid defence, but he was able to score quickly when required. In Sydney in 1897–98, he scored 160 in 165 minutes, including 30 boundaries to assist his team in defeating the English. He was the first man to score 500 runs in a Test series and was also the first to score three centuries in a series. His captaincy was disciplinarian in nature but his teammates respected his broad cricket knowledge. Even tempered with a strong personality, he was a stickler for fair play on the field. His teammates gave him the nickname "Paddy" due to a supposed resemblance to the Australian boxer, Frank "Paddy" Slavin.

paragraph: His cricket career was interrupted several times due to his obligations as a farmer, first growing wheat in South Australia, and later as a wool-grower in Tasmania. He was a member of several bodies dedicated to agriculture in Tasmania, including the responsible authority for the Royal Hobart Show. He was a pioneer in activities such as rabbit eradication and pasture improvement. He entered politics in 1921, standing as an independent in the Tasmanian Legislative Council, where he was a forceful speaker. He retained his seat in the Tasmanian Parliament until his death following a gall bladder operation in 1946.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Darling was born on 21 November 1870 in Glen Osmond, South Australia, the sixth son of John Darling, a grain merchant and his wife Isabella, née Ferguson. He was educated at Prince Alfred College, where he took an interest in cricket. At the age of 15, he scored a record 252 runs in the "inter-collegiate" match, the annual fixture against fierce rival St Peter's College. His future Test team mate, Clem Hill, would later beat this record, scoring 360. Not long after, he was included in a combined South Australian/Victoria XV that played the Australian XI in 1886. He made only 16 runs, but the manner in which he made them saw senior players hail him as a future champion.

paragraph: His father, disapproving of Darling's fondness for sport, sent him away from his cricket and Australian rules football teams to spend twelve months at Roseworthy Agricultural School. Later, Darling worked in a bank for a time and before his father appointed him manager of one of a wheat farm. Working on the farm added size and strength to an already stocky and athletic frame. He was selected for the South Australian team at age 19, but his father would not allow him time off the farm to play.

paragraph: After two years in the bush, Darling returned to Adelaide and cricket. He opened a sports store on Rundle Street, Adelaide and was soon selected to represent South Australia in inter-colonial cricket. He made his first-class cricket debut against New South Wales at the Adelaide Oval; scoring 5 and 32 as South Australia won the match by 237 runs. The next season, against the touring England team captained by Andrew Stoddart, Darling made 115, his maiden first-class century.

paragraph: Section::::Test career.

paragraph: Section::::Test career.:Consolidation.

paragraph: The First Test of 1894–95 against England, at the Sydney Cricket Ground, saw Darling make his Test debut. In an innings where Australia make 586 runs, including centuries for George Giffen and Syd Gregory, Darling was dismissed for a golden duck, bowled first ball by Tom Richardson. He played in all five Tests in the series, scoring 258 runs at an average of 28.66 per innings. He was included in the Australian team to tour England in 1896, where he topped the scoring aggregates for the tour with 1555 runs at an average of 29.90, including three centuries. "Wisden Cricketers' Almanack" stated that Darling "proved himself perhaps the best of present-day left-handed batsmen" during the tour. England won the series two Tests to one.

paragraph: Andrew Stoddart brought another team to Australia to contest "The Ashes" in 1897–98. Australia won the series comfortably, four Tests to one. Darling started the season poorly, scoring a duck and one against the tourists for South Australia in a match in which team mate Clem Hill scored a double century. Darling went on, however, to dominate the series with the bat. His maiden Test century, 101 in the First Test at the Sydney Cricket Ground after Australia was made to follow-on, was the first made by a left-hander in Tests. It was not enough to prevent England winning by nine wickets.

paragraph: In the Third Test in his home town of Adelaide, Darling scored 178 runs and Australia won the match by an innings and 13 runs. He reached his century by hitting Johnny Briggs over the eastern gate and into the nearby park. This is the only time in Ashes Tests where a player has reached 100 with a hit out of the ground. During this innings, he also became the first player to hit a six in a Test in Australia (prior to 1910, a six was awarded only if the ball was hit out of the ground). He later also hit the first six in a Test in England. Returning to Sydney for the Fifth and final Test, Darling scored 160 runs from 253 scored in total. He batted for 165 minutes, hitting 30 boundaries as Australia successfully chased 273 in the fourth innings. His first 100 came in 91 minutes; at the time, the fastest Test century scored. By the end of the season, Darling became the first player to score 500 runs in a series and the first player to score three centuries in a series.

paragraph: Section::::Test career.:Captaincy.

paragraph: Darling was chosen by his team mates as captain for the 1899 Australian team touring England. The team was one of the strongest seen in England to that time, with the cricket reference book "Wisden" stating, "By common consent the [1899 Australians] formed the strongest combination that had come from the Colonies since the great side captained by Mr. W. L. Murdoch in 1882." and that "Darling proved himself one of the very best captains that ever took a team into the field." The Australians lost only three of the 35 matches they played on the tour, winning 16 and another 16 finishing in draws. The only Test to reach a decisive result was the Second Test at Lord's, where Australia won by ten wickets due in part to centuries by Hill and Victor Trumper and a ten wicket haul by fast bowler Ernie Jones. Aside from Hill, Darling was seen by "Wisden" as the best batsman among the Australians. "Wisden" claimed, "Up to a certain point the responsibilities of captaincy seemed to tell against Darling, but during the last weeks of the tour he played marvellous cricket." Over the tour, he scored 1941 runs at an average of 41.29, topping both the averages and the aggregate for his team, and was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year.

paragraph: Darling's deeds as a cricketer had reconciled his father to his sporting endeavours, but not to his sports store operation. In 1900, his father purchased "Stonehenge", a sheep station covering in central Tasmania and ordered Darling to run the property on pain of exclusion from his will. Darling complied with his father's wishes and moved his family to the remote station, along a dirt track from the nearest town, tiny Oatlands. Darling stood out of first-class cricket for nearly two years.

paragraph: It was not until December 1901 that Darling was convinced to return by the Melbourne Cricket Club to captain the Australians against the touring English for the first three Tests only. The English, captained by Archie MacLaren, won the First Test in Sydney convincingly by an innings and 124 runs. The Second Test in Melbourne was played on a rain-affected pitch. MacLaren won the toss and sent Australia in to bat on the "sticky wicket". Within three hours, both teams had been dismissed; Australia holding a lead on the first innings of 51 runs. Realising the danger the pitch held to his leading batsmen, Darling re-ordered the batting line-up and opened the batting himself alongside Hugh Trumble. The pair held out the English for 90 minutes; Darling considered his 32 runs one of his best innings. Nevertheless, Barnes managed to grab five wickets in the final half-hour to leave the Australians 5/48 when stumps was called. Twenty five wickets fell in the day's play. Importantly, Australia had a 99-run lead and batsmen of the calibre of Hill, Trumper, Reggie Duff and Warwick Armstrong still to bat. The next day, on a perfect pitch, the Australian batsmen established a match-winning lead, eventually winning the Test by 229 runs. In the Third Test in Adelaide, Australia became the first team to score over 300 runs to win the fourth innings of a Test match. Darling, along with Hill and Trumble, led the record making run chase; Darling scored 62 runs. Hugh Trumble captained the final two Tests as Darling returned to his farm. Australia won both Tests and the series to retain "The Ashes".

paragraph: Section::::Test career.:Return to cricket.

paragraph: Darling agreed to once again lead the Australian cricket team in England in 1902. In what was a very cold and wet summer, the Australian team won a close fought series against the strong English team two Tests to one. Given the strength of the opposition, this Australian team is often referred to as one of the best Australian teams ever assembled. The team included players of the calibre of Trumper, Hill, Armstrong, Trumble and Monty Noble; all of whom would be later included in the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame. The team lost only two matches during the tour, with "Wisden" saying, "No travelling team ever strove harder for victory or more completely subordinated all personal considerations to the prime object of winning matches. They formed a splendid all-round combination".

paragraph: The First Test at Edgbaston finished in a draw. Rain saved the Australians after they were dismissed for only 36 in their first innings; Wilfred Rhodes took seven wickets for only 17 runs. Rain again ruined the Second Test at Lord's when the final two days were washed out. The Third Test, the only Test match played at Bramall Lane, saw Australia win by 143 runs due in part to a century by Hill and Noble taking 5/51. Darling was dismissed twice by Barnes without scoring, the first Test captain to make a "pair". Australia won the Fourth Test at Old Trafford by three runs; Trumble took ten wickets for the match. The last batsman, Fred Tate, came in with England needing eight runs to secure victory. Darling brought the field in and Trumble prevented Rhodes scoring from the last three balls of his over. This left Tate to face Jack Saunders, who dismissed him with the fourth ball of his over to win the match for Australia. England won the Fifth and final Test at the Oval by one wicket. Chasing 263, England were 5/48 when Gilbert Jessop scored a century in 75 minutes to help England to victory.

paragraph: The star for the Australians was Trumper who scored 2,570 runs, easily beating Darling's own record for a colonial batsman in an English season set in 1899. So important was Trumper to the Australian team that Darling, who had previously checked that all the Australians were on board the carriage to the ground, was later simply to ask "Is Vic aboard?" before giving the driver the go-ahead. Darling himself had a mixed tour with the bat.

paragraph: On the return trip to Australia, the touring team stopped to play three Tests against South Africa, the first between the two nations. Australia won the series two Tests to nil, but Darling's own form was poor. In successive innings, Darling made 0, 14, 6, 4 and 1. After the tour, he returned to Stonehenge and took a two-year break from first-class cricket. In his absence, Monty Noble captained the Australian team against the touring English in 1903–04.

paragraph: Section::::Test career.:Final tour and retirement.

paragraph: Before the Australian team to tour England in 1905 was selected, Darling returned to first-class cricket for South Australia. He won selection in the touring squad and was named as captain. A weaker Australian bowling attack saw Darling resort to defensive measures throughout the tour. These measures included directing Armstrong to bowl his leg breaks down the leg side, where Darling had placed up to seven fielders. These measures, unpopular with the English public, saw 19 matches on the tour finish in draws, three more than the 16 matches won by Australia. "Wisden" said, "Leaving aside Duff's long score at the Oval, Darling was the finest batsman on the side in the Test games, playing superb cricket under very trying conditions." At Old Trafford in the Fourth Test, he made 73 out of 105 in less than ninety minutes. His innings included thirteen boundaries, all but one of them being drives. Despite his efforts, England still won the Test by an innings and 80 runs.

paragraph: After losing six tosses against his English opposite number Stanley Jackson during the summer, Darling decided on a different approach before the Scarborough Festival match late in the tour. At the toss, he approached Jackson stripped to the waist and suggested, in fun, a wrestle for choice of innings.

paragraph: The 1905 tour was Darling's last Test cricket foray, as he claimed that continuing to tour was unfair to his wife. He retired from first-class cricket during the 1907–08 season. In his first-class career, Darling made 10635 runs, including 19 centuries at an average of 34.52. In club cricket in Adelaide, Joe scored heavily. He averaged 144 for East Torrens Cricket Club in 1899–1900, 98.66 for Adelaide Cricket Club in 1896–97 and 86.20 for Sturt Cricket Club in 1904–05. He continued to make runs in Tasmanian club cricket right through middle age. In 1921, he made 100 runs in an hour, including 29 in one eight-ball over playing for Claremont Cricket Club. At age 52, he made 133 not out during a successful run chase where his team, Break-o'-Day, made 6/219 in 90 minutes.

paragraph: He was contemptuous of the newly formed Australian Board of Control for International Cricket Matches (now known as Cricket Australia), who he saw as attempting to remove control of international cricket tours from the players. He would often refer to cricket administrators as "Dead Heads". He later represented the Tasmanian Cricket Association as a delegate to the Board of Control.

paragraph: Section::::Outside cricket.

paragraph: Following his retirement from big cricket, Darling returned to his Tasmanian sheep station, where he was involved in a range of agricultural activities. He pioneered measures to eradicate rabbits, an introduced pest then in plague proportions throughout Australia. He was an active member of organisations such as the Tasmanian Stock Holders and Orchardists' Association and the Royal Agricultural Society of Tasmania, the organising body of the Royal Hobart Show. Darling imported South Australian merino rams to improve his flock, and his wool topped the Hobart sales on several occasions. He also introduced subterranean clover to Tasmania.

paragraph: In 1919, Darling moved from Stonehenge to Claremont House, around which the Hobart suburb of Claremont later formed. He was elected to the Cambridge electorate in the Tasmanian Legislative Council in 1921 as an independent. He retained his position in the Parliament until his death in 1946. In Parliament, one of his colleagues was Charles Eady, his teammate from the 1896 tour of England. Darling was recognised by his colleagues as a forceful, no-nonsense speaker. In the 1930s, he won an exemption from land tax for small farmers, and toward the end of his parliamentary career, a Royal Commission was appointed to investigate charges Darling had made regarding maladministration. The findings of the commission, released after his death, saw a government Minister and two others found guilty of accepting bribes. Darling was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1938 New Year Honours in recognition of his work as a member of the Legislative Assembly.

paragraph: Darling married Alice Minna Blanche Francis, a wheat farmer's daughter from Mundoora, South Australia in 1893. Together they raised 15 children: ten sons and five daughters. After surgery for a ruptured gall bladder, Darling died in Hobart on 2 January 1946. He was buried at Cornelian Bay cemetery after a Congregationalist ceremony and was survived by his wife and twelve of his children.

paragraph: Section::::Style and personality.

paragraph: Darling had a stocky, compact build, standing and weighing . His teammates thought his dark hair, blue eyes and moustache were similar to the boxer, Frank "Paddy" Slavin, and he answered to the nickname "Paddy" during his time in cricket. His time working on his father's farm had developed his strength. During his first game for South Australia, he was challenged to a naked wrestle by the fast bowler and ex-miner Ernie Jones, an informal initiation into the team. To his team mates' surprise, Darling managed to defeat the much larger Jones.

paragraph: The left-handed Darling was a strong driver of the ball who showed the batsman the full face of the bat. When necessary, he was a dour defender of his wicket. His fellow players thought that was sometimes unnecessarily defensive in his approach to batting and that he was at his best when driving hard. His South Australian and Australian team mate George Giffen thought that no Australian's cut shots travelled faster past point.

paragraph: Darling holds the record for the most innings in a complete Test Match career (60), without being dismissed lbw.

paragraph: Darling had a strong personality and an independent outlook. Those who knew him well thought him destined to be a leader in whatever he undertook. He shunned strong drink and tobacco and found it difficult to tolerate overindulgence in alcohol. Normally even-tempered, he did show displeasure at the heckling from the crowd at Lord's at his obstinate defensive effort in the face of an Australian batting collapse. He was a stickler for fair play, but his actions against the English batsman KS Ranjitsinhji would today be seen as gamesmanship. During the bowler's approach and after the bowler had looked at the field, the Australian fielders moved behind Ranjitsinhji's back. This worried the Indian prince when playing his leg glance and eventually saw him left out of the English team.

paragraph: The journalist Ray Robinson wrote that "of all Australian captains he came closest to being a disciplinarian". Regardless, his team mates continued to select him as captain, trusting in his knowledge and understanding of the game. On a wet day during the 1899 tour, a delay in play saw some of the Australians accept an invitation to the Player's tobacco factory in Nottingham. While away, the weather cleared and play began with Darling leading a team of five Australians and five substitutes onto the field. Darling later called a team meeting that saw the culprits fined ₤5 for breaching team rules. His approach to the hard-drinking Ernie Jones was similarly tough. To ensure that the fast bowler would not drink to excess, he selected Jones as twelfth man in a match against an English county team. When Jones refused to play, a team meeting saw him facing expulsion from the team. Darling spoke to him privately and made it clear that without an apology to his team mates and a promise to curb his drinking, he would be on the next boat bound for Australia. The firm and prompt action had a lasting effect on team discipline during his time as Australian captain. "Wisden" noted that "as a captain he inspired his men to reveal their best form." As a captain he was a reformer, suggesting rule changes that included making six runs the reward for clearing the boundary rather than the entire ground, and using of sawdust to fill holes in bowler's run-ups.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of South Australian representative cricketers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cricinfo Article on Joe Darling

description: cricketer

wikidata_label: Joe Darling

wikipedia_title: Joe Darling