text:
Kubrat
Bulgaria
Prima
Kubrat
Varna
Bucharest
Moscow
Bratislava
Czechoslovakia
Stara Planina
brass band
string orchestra
Balkanton
L'Europeo
Socialist system
Prima
Eastern Bloc
Olympia, Paris
Armeets Arena
Bulstrad Arena
Yamaha World Popular Song Festival
Imperial Garden Theater
Golden Orpheus
Golden Orpheus
President of Bulgaria
Lili Ivanova's official website(EN)

categories: People from Kubrat (town),Bulgarian-language singers,1939 births,Bulgarian female singers,Bulgarian pop singers,Living people

paragraph: Lili Ivanova

paragraph: Lilyana Ivanova Petrova (, born April 24, 1939 in Kubrat), known professionally as Lili Ivanova () is a Bulgarian singer. In tribute to her contribution to the culture of the country, she is often referred to as the "Prima of Bulgarian popular music".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lili Ivanova was born on April 24th, 1939 in the small town of Kubrat. She graduated from the nursing school in Varna and worked as a nurse for a very short time. She stated in an interview that she has Romanian roots on her maternal side. Her career as a singer begins in the early 1960-s. She achieved recognition in 1963 as a singer with the variété show at Ambassador Hotel and the Constantin Tanase Music Hall Theatre in Bucharest. The local audience adored the rising star and the local television broadcast 4 live shows. Her first album "Amore Twist" was recorded in the same year. Her second album "Sea of Youth" was recorded in Bulgaria in 1967 and contains 11 songs. Her third album was recorded in Moscow in 1968 [Поет Лили Иванова (Lili Ivanova singing), Melodia, 1968]. Ivanova's album "Camino" was recorded by the Bulgarian Balkanton in 1968. The singer is still performing the Camino song, as it allows for the full broad spectrum of her voice.

paragraph: Ivanova wins her first prize "Golden Key" in 1966 in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. In the years that follow she receives over 10 international awards and numerous local recognitions. In 1997, the International Women association nominated Ivanova as one of the most famous women of the 20th century. In 1999 Ivanova was awarded the highest Bulgarian State Award, "Stara Planina" medal, for her contribution to the Bulgarian pop music.

paragraph: During 1981-1987 Ivanova lived and performed primarily in Germany. During these years she recorded several albums: "Warning" and the German "Kein Film War Schoner“ in 1981, "A Cricket" in 1982, the duo with Asen Gargov "The Heart Chose You" in 1983. The double album "I Want You" came out in 1984, followed by "Lili 86" in 1986 and "A big Wedding" in 1989.

paragraph: During the turbulent 1990s Ivanova managed to sustain her career. She recorded 3 albums - "Gambling" in 1993, "Are you Ready for Love" in 1995 and "Private Matter" in 1998.

paragraph: In 2000, she scored the biggest hit of her career - the song "Winds". In the years to come Ivanova performs in the biggest concert and events hall in Bulgaria, at the National Palace of Culture. On January 9th, 2009 she achieves the highest honour for every singer - to performs at Olympia Hall in Paris. The singer herself continues to prove that she is capable of mastering different musical styles. She has formed several own bands during her long singing career occasionally changing her style.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Music style and voice.

paragraph: Ivanova started her career singing popular Italian, French and Russian hits. The singer's music style is distinctive, having strong meaningful lyrics and memorable tunes. Her music from the 1960s and 1970s was marked by complex and rich orchestrations, dramatic transitions between quiet and loud moments, often played with a brass band, string orchestra and electric guitars, with accents of piano or Hammond organ, backing vocals (sometimes choral) and a reverberation to the voice of the performer. Subsequently, with the style going out of fashion, the singer began performing music composed with electronic musical instruments. Since 2000 Ivanova has been accompanied at her live performances by several musicians - mainly pianist, violinist, guitarist and a saxophonist. The singer has repeatedly stated the importance of the songs' lyrics and the message they convey to the public. Throughout her career she has shown interest in experimenting with new sounds and has expanded her repertoire with compositions in rock, soul, rhythm and blues, Balkan ethno and jazz.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Discography.

paragraph: Ivanova has recorded and released 35 albums and 29 singles altogether in Bulgaria, USSR, Romania, Turkey, Germany, Spain and other countries. There aren't exact statistics on the number of sold copies of her albums. According to Alexander Yosifov, ex-director of Balkanton from 1968 to 1986, Ivanova's albums in store for the Soviet Union always reached a circulation of over 1 million. The Italian Magazine L'Europeo stated that she has sold more than 10 million copies in the USSR. However, due to the Socialist system in Bulgaria, she has never received any income from the sales of the records, beside a monthly salary equal for all famous singers at that time.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Concert performances and tours.

paragraph: Ivanova has had over 11,000 concerts and many tours abroad, mainly in the former USSR (and Russia in the 1990s). She has also performed in Germany, Cuba, Japan, Turkey, the Czech Republic, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Poland, Greece, Portugal, Brazil, etc. as well as several tours in the US and Canada singing for Bulgarian immigrants there.

paragraph: The ""Prima of Bulgarian popular music"" is the first singer from the Eastern Bloc with a concert in the renowned music hall Olympia, Paris. She is also the first Bulgarian performer with a concert in the newly built Armeets Arena in Sofia, gathering 15,000 people (the venue normally can hold up to 14,000) on 22 November 2012. Lili Ivanova became the first person to perform in the brand new Bulstrad Arena sports hall in Ruse, Bulgaria with a concert on July 23, 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Awards, nominations and honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 - Slovakia - Bratislava - First prize for performance of the song ""Adagio"", Festival ""Golden Key""

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 - Poland - Warsaw - First Prize, Estrada music festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 - Spain - Barcelona - First award for performance of the song " Shall I believe" /"Да вярвам ли"/, Estrada music festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 - France - Cannes - "Golden Plate" (awarded for selling over 1 million albums in a year), “Trophy MIDEM” - International Festival of Vinyl Records and Music Books."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 - Brazil - Rio de Janeiro - Third Prize, Pop Song Festival. The festival took place at the stadium “Mara Kazinyo” with capacity of 30,000 people. A European singer was a precedent to win the prize.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 - Greece - Athens - "Golden Plate" Festival pop song, Olimpiada de Musica Pop

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 - Japan - Tokyo - Third prize for performing the song "Панаири" of Toncho Rusev, Yamaha World Popular Song Festival. The festival was held in Imperial Garden Theater, 609 songs from 35 countries were performed. 31 participants from 15 countries were admitted to the final.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 - France - Paris - First award "Grand Prix" for performing the song "Стъпки" by Toncho Rusev, Pop Music Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 - Bulgaria - Sunny Beach - First award, Golden Orpheus

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 - Bulgaria - Sunny Beach - First award, Golden Orpheus

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Melody of the Year"" - Lili Ivanova won awards in 1968, 1970, 1974 and 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 - Bulgaria - Sunny Beach - "Golden Orpheus" prize for a Lifetime Achievement

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - Bulgaria - "Stara Planina" Honour, rewarded by the President of Bulgaria in recognition of Lili Ivanova and her achievements for Bulgarian culture and popular music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - A star on the Bulgarian Walk of Fame

paragraph: Ivanova was awarded with a golden vinyl plate from Balkanton for selling 2 millions albums for a year (there are only 5 such golden plates in Bulgaria). She returned it back publicly in an act of a protest after Balkanton lowered the criteria for getting such a recognition in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lili Ivanova's official website(EN)

description: Bulgarian singer

wikidata_label: Lili Ivanova

wikipedia_title: Lili Ivanova


text: Major League Baseball

text: pitcher

text: All-Star Game

text: National League

text: wins

text: 1995 World Series

text: Cleveland Indians

text: Lynn Classical High School

text: North Adams State College

text: Detroit Tigers

text: Gastonia Jets

text: Class A

text: South Atlantic League

text: Glens Falls Tigers

text: Class AA

text: Mike Laga

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Mike Heath

text: Arkansas Travelers

text: Class A

text: St. Petersburg Cardinals

text: Houston Astros

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Montreal Expos

text: Andrés Galarraga

text: Major League Baseball strike

text: All-Star in 1994

text: Cy Young

text: Greg Maddux

text: Cleveland Indians

text: minor league

text: David Bell

text: Rick Heiserman

text: free agency

text: Texas Rangers

text: Bobby Witt

text: disabled list

text: Anaheim Angels

text: Jim Leyritz

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Tampa Bay Devil Rays

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: Boston Red Sox

text: Keller, Texas

text: Kenny Hill

text: quarterback

text: Texas Christian University

text: Eastern Kentucky University

categories: Montreal Expos players,Cleveland Indians players,Louisville Redbirds players,Edmonton Trappers players,Cedar Rapids Kernels players,Louisville RiverBats players,Texas Rangers players,Chicago White Sox players,National League All-Stars,St. Petersburg Cardinals players,Glens Falls Tigers players,Lake Elsinore Storm players,1965 births,Pawtucket Red Sox players,African-American baseball players,Tampa Bay Devil Rays players,Charlotte Knights players,Baseball players from Massachusetts,National League wins champions,Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts alumni,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,American expatriate baseball players in Canada,Arkansas Travelers players,Anaheim Angels players,Ottawa Lynx players

paragraph: Ken Hill (baseball)

paragraph: Kenneth Wade Hill (born December 14, 1965) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. During a 14-year career, he pitched for seven teams between 1988 and 2001. As a member of the Montreal Expos in 1994, he appeared in the All-Star Game and finished the season tied for the National League lead in wins. He pitched in the 1995 World Series as a member of the Cleveland Indians.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hill graduated from Lynn Classical High School in 1983 and later attended North Adams State College.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Hill signed a contract with the Detroit Tigers on February 14, 1985. He made his professional debut that year for the Gastonia Jets of the Class A South Atlantic League. Hill posted a 3–6 record in 15 appearances (12 starts), with an earned run average of 4.96 in 69 innings.

paragraph: Hill made 22 appearances (16 starts) for Gastonia in 1986. He posted a 9–5 record and a 2.79 ERA in 122.2 innings. He also made a single start for the Glens Falls Tigers, Detroit's Class AA affiliate, before he and a player to be named later, Mike Laga, were traded to the St. Louis Cardinals organization for Mike Heath on August 10. Before the season ended, Hill posted a 1–2 record in three starts with the Arkansas Travelers, St. Louis's Class AA affiliate.

paragraph: He split the 1987 season between Arkansas and the Class A St. Petersburg Cardinals. Hill made 18 appearances for each team and 12 starts combined. With Arkansas, he posted a 3–5 record and a 5.20 ERA over 53.2 innings. With St. Petersburg, he recorded a 1–3 mark and a 4.17 ERA over 41 innings.

paragraph: In 1988, Hill made 22 starts for Arkansas. He posted a 9–9 record and a 4.92 ERA. He also saw limited action with the Cardinals, making his MLB debut on September 3. In that game, Hill faced the Houston Astros and surrendered a pair of earned runs in three innings. In 4 games (1 start) with the Cardinals, Hill tallied an 0–1 record and a 5.14 ERA in 14 innings.

paragraph: Hill was called up by the injury-plagued St. Louis Cardinals in 1989. He started well, but soon went downhill. He finished that season 7–15, but with a decent 3.80 ERA. After an ineffective 1990, Hill went 11–10 with a 3.57 ERA in 1991. In November 1991, he was traded to the Montreal Expos for first baseman Andrés Galarraga. It was as a member of these Expos that Hill found his groove.

paragraph: In both 1992 and 1994, Hill won 16 games, going 16-9 with a 2.68 ERA in 1991 and 16-5 with a 3.32 ERA in 1994. Notably, the 1994 season was curtailed on August 12 due to the Major League Baseball strike, stranding him on pace for a 23-7 season. He was also an All-Star in 1994, pitching 2 innings in relief and walking one, and finished second in Cy Young voting to Greg Maddux. He then returned to the Cardinals, where he suffered the same fate he endured in his first stint in St. Louis, winning only 6 games, losing 7, and posting a 5.06 ERA. He was then was traded to the Cleveland Indians for minor league prospects David Bell, Rick Heiserman, and Pepe McNeal. He did well for the Indians, going 4-1 in the remainder of the regular season and 2-1 in the postseason.

paragraph: He filed for free agency in the 1995 postseason and was signed by the Texas Rangers, tying for the team lead (along with Bobby Witt) with 16 wins and leading the Rangers to the postseason for the first time. In 1997, however, an injury sent him to the disabled list and greatly affected the rest of his playing career. He also played for the Anaheim Angels after being traded there later in 1997 for Jim Leyritz. He performed poorly over the next two years, going 13-17 and finally being relegated to the bullpen in 1999. He was released in August 2000 but signed by the Chicago White Sox, for whom he promptly gave up eight runs in three innings and was released two weeks later.

paragraph: He accepted a non-roster invitation from the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in 2001, and appeared in five games for them before being released on April 19. Hill subsequently signed a contract with the Cincinnati Reds on May 18, but he was released exactly a month later, on June 18. The next day, Hill was signed by the Boston Red Sox, but he did not remain with their organization following the season.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hill currently resides in Keller, Texas. His son, Kenny Hill, was a quarterback at Texas Christian University. His youngest son, Marcus, played baseball for the Southlake Carroll Dragons and plays for the Eastern Kentucky University.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Texas Rangers Opening Day starting pitchers

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Ken Hill

wikipedia_title: Ken Hill (baseball)


text:
Czech
ice hockey
goaltender
HC Zlín
Czech Extraliga
HK Hradec Králové
Czech Extraliga
Dinamo Riga
Kontinental Hockey League
HC Bolzano
EBEL
HC Slovan Bratislava

categories: Dinamo Riga players,People from Zlín,Bolzano HC players,HC Zlín players,1990 births,HC Slovan Bratislava players,Czech ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Jakub Sedláček (ice hockey)

paragraph: Jakub Sedláček (born April 5, 1990) is a Czech professional ice hockey goaltender who currently plays for HC Zlín in the Czech Extraliga (ELH).

paragraph: He previously played with Zlín through (2007-2013) and HK Hradec Králové (shortly, at the beginning of the 2017-2018 season) in the Czech Extraliga. He also played four years with the Dinamo Riga of Kontinental Hockey League (2013-2017) and briefly in 2017 with HC Bolzano of the EBEL before returning to the KHL with HC Slovan Bratislava on December 12, 2017.

description: Czech ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Jakub Sedláček

wikipedia_title: Jakub Sedláček (ice hockey)


text:
Czech
ice hockey
goaltender
2013–14 Czech Extraliga
HC Zlín
HC Zlín
Czech Extraliga
2010–11 Czech Extraliga season

categories: People from Zlín,HC Zlín players,1992 births,Czech ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Libor Kašík

paragraph: Libor Kašík (born March 31, 1992) is a Czech professional ice hockey goaltender, champion of 2013–14 Czech Extraliga with HC Zlín.

paragraph: He played with HC Zlín in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season.

description: Czech ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Libor Kašík

wikipedia_title: Libor Kašík


text:
Pakistani
social worker
cabinet minister
West Pakistan
Amritsar
Punjab
British India
Punjabi
Unionist Party
Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan
Khattar
Wah
Aligarh
Muslim
Queen Mary's College
Lahore
Abdus Salim Khan
Tarin
Talokar
North-West Frontier Province
Abdul Majid Khan Tarin
OBE
British India
diplomatic service
Abbottabad
Viqar un Nisa Noon
Begum Zari Sarfaraz
Begum Kulsum Saifullah Khan
Attiya Inayatullah
Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah
Family Planning Association of Pakistan
Pakistan Red Crescent Society
National Crafts Council of Pakistan
Anti TB Association of Pakistan
SOS Children's Villages
National Youth Council of Pakistan
Adelaide Ristori
Ayub Khan

categories: Pakistani politicians,Politicians from Amritsar,People from Amritsar,Pakistani social workers,2007 deaths,1913 births

paragraph: Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan

paragraph: Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan (May 1913 – June 2007) was a Pakistani social worker, early political figure and a former cabinet minister in West Pakistan.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Begum Salim Khan was born in 1913, in Amritsar, Punjab, in then British India, the eldest daughter of the Punjabi aristocrat and renowned Unionist Party statesman, Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan and his first wife, Begum Zubaida Khanum, of the Hayat Khattar family of Wah.

paragraph: After her mother's death in 1919, she was raised by her aunt and educated at the Aligarh school for Muslim women and the Queen Mary's College, Lahore.

paragraph: In 1934, she was married to Khan-Sahib Abdus Salim Khan, Tarin, of Talokar, eldest son of the prominent North-West Frontier Province leader, Khan Sahib Abdul Majid Khan Tarin, OBE; her husband was a civil servant in the Government of British India and later a member of the diplomatic service of the new state of Pakistan from 1947 onwards, and for the early part of her life she focussed chiefly on running her household and raising her three children. She also became interested, gradually, in various types of social work at this time and began to involve herself in such activities.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: On her husband's death in 1957, Begum Salim Khan moved to the town of Abbottabad, Pakistan, where she became increasingly involved in various social and charitable works over the years, in close collaboration with other well-known women social workers such as Lady Viqar un Nisa Noon, Begum Zari Sarfaraz, Begum Kulsum Saifullah Khan Dr Attiya Inayatullah and to some extent Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah; and eventually came to be amongst the chief executives of organizations such as the Family Planning Association of Pakistan, the Pakistan Red Crescent Society, the National Crafts Council of Pakistan, the Anti TB Association of Pakistan, the SOS Children's Villages, Pakistan and others. She also remained patron-president of the National Youth Council of Pakistan and received the Adelaide Ristori Award, Italy, in 1980, for her work in promoting cultural activities among Pakistani youth. She also received several other national and international awards for social service.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: During the 1960s, she also briefly remained West Pakistan's first ever woman cabinet minister, in the General Ayub Khan regime but soon left politics to return full-time to her social work. Begum Salim Khan was active in her social and philanthropic activities till the end of her long and eventful life, and also fond of flowers and gardening and she died peacefully at her home in Abbottabad, Pakistan, in 2007, aged 94 years.

description: Pakistani politician

wikidata_label: Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan

wikipedia_title: Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan


text:
Muhammad
Dhiraar bin Al-Azwar
Rashidun army
Muslim
Syria
Jordan
Palestine
Battle of Yarmouk
Byzantine empire
Battle of Sanita-al-Uqab
Khalid ibn Walid
rearguard
Byzantine
Byzantine
Byzantine
Byzantines
Byzantines
Rashidun army
Byzantine
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
United Arab Emirates

wikipedia_title:
Muhammad
Dhiraar bin Al-Azwar
Rashidun army
Muslims
Syria
Jordan
Palestine (region)
Battle of Yarmouk
Byzantine Empire
Battle of Sanita-al-Uqab
Khalid ibn al-Walid
Rearguard
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
Rashidun army
Byzantine Empire
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
United Arab Emirates

categories: 7th-century women,Women in war in the Middle East,Women in medieval warfare,Women soldiers,Female Sahabah

paragraph: Khawlah bint al-Azwar

paragraph: Khawlah bint al-Azwar (Arabic خولة بنت الأزور) was a prominent woman during the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Khawlah was a Muslim Arab warrior, sister of Dhiraar bin Al-Azwar, the legendary Muslim soldier and commander of the Rashidun army during the 7th century Muslim conquest. Born sometime in the seventh century, daughter of Malik or Taken bin Awake, one of the chiefs of the Bank Assad tribe, Khawlah was well known for her leadership in battles of the Muslim conquests in parts of what are today Syria, Jordan, and Palestine. She fought side by side with her brother Dhirrar in many battles, including the decisive Battle of Yarmouk in 636 against the Byzantine empire. On the 4th day of the battle she led a group of women against the Byzantine army and was wounded during her fight with a Greek soldier.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Early life.

paragraph: Born sometime in the seventh century in Arabia (modern-day Saudi Arabia), Khawlah was the daughter of one of the chiefs of Bani Assad tribe. Her family was among the first converts to Islam. Her father's name was either Malik or Tareq Bin Awse; he was also known as al-Azwar.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Siege of Damascus.

paragraph: Her talent first appeared during the Battle of Sanita-al-Uqab in 634, fought during the Siege of Damascus, in which her brother Zirrar (or Deraar) was leading the Muslim forces and was wounded and taken prisoner by the Byzantine army. Khalid ibn Walid took his mobile guard to rescue him. Khawlah accompanied the army and rushed on the Byzantine rearguard all alone. In her armor and typical loose dress of Arabian warriors she was not recognized as a woman, until she was asked by Khalid about her identity.

paragraph: In the Battle of Adnajin, Khawlah had accompanied the Muslim forces to provide medical attention to wounded soldiers. After her brother Diraar was captured by the Byzantine forces, Khawlah took a knight's armor, weapons, and mare, wrapping herself in a green shawl. She fought the Byzantine battalion, who were attacking Muslim soldiers. Khalid bin Walid, the leader of the Muslim forces, ordered the soldiers to charge the Byzantine. Many of the Muslim soldiers thought that Khawlah was Khalid until Khalid appeared. The Muslims defeated the Byzantines, who fled the battlefield. When Khalid found Khawlah, she was covered in blood. He asked her to remove her veil. After refusing several times, Khawlah revealed her identity. Khalid ordered his army to chase the fleeing Byzantines, with Khawlah leading the attack. After a search, the Muslim prisoners were found and freed.

paragraph: One of the Rashidun army commanders, Shurahbil ibn Hassana, is reported to have said about her that:

paragraph: Section::::History.:Other campaigns.

paragraph: In another battle, Khawlah was captured after falling from her horse. After being taken to a camp with other women prisoners, Khawlah was to be taken to the leader's tent as he intended to rape her. Instead, Khawlah roused the other prisoners, who used the tent poles as weapons and attacked the Byzantine guards. According to Al Waqidi, they managed to kill thirty Byzantine knights with Khawlah taking credit for five, including the Byzantine who insulted her.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Many streets and schools in her native home land, Saudi Arabia, are named after her. Jordan issued a stamp in her honor as part of the "Arab Women in History." Many Arab cities have schools and institutions carrying the name of Khawla Bint al-Azwar. Today, an Iraqi all-women military unit is named the Khawlah bint al-Azwar unit in Khawlah's honor. In the United Arab Emirates, the first military college for women, Khawlah bint Al Azwar Training College, is also named for her.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islamic Thinkers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Siddiqi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al Shindagah

paragraph: BULLET::::- USA Today

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women in power 500-750" from Guide2womenleaders.com

description: Muslim Arab warrior

wikidata_label: Khawlah bint al-Azwar

wikipedia_title: Khawlah bint al-Azwar


text:
Cairo
Egypt
electronic musician
Ableton Live
Ahram Online
Virgin Megastores
Cairo
Nile FM

categories: Musicians from Cairo,Egyptian record producers,Living people,1987 births

paragraph: NEOBYRD

paragraph: Wael Alaa (born October 15, 1987 in Cairo, Egypt) is an Egyptian electronic musician, record producer and film director known by his stage name NEOBYRD whose reputation started with his first album release "Transbyrd" in 2011.

paragraph: In 2007, he won 3rd place and Special prize in a competition organized by the legendary DAW ‘Ableton Live’.

paragraph: His music video for ‘My Sweet Heartless’ was chosen as one of the top music videos of 2012 by Egyptian publication Ahram Online. His latest album release in early 2013,

paragraph: The King is Dead, achieved record sales in Virgin Megastores in Egypt, and acclaimed reviews by music critics.

paragraph: He first emerged from the underground electronic scene in Cairo, and garnered mainstream recognition after two tracks from his first album, "With You Again" and "My Sweet Heartless," were played on the Egypt's biggest radio station, Nile FM.

description: Egyptian record producer

wikidata_label: NEOBYRD

wikipedia_title: NEOBYRD


text: Mauldin, South Carolina

text: professional baseball

text: second baseman

text: coach

text: Mauldin High School

text: University of South Carolina

text: South Carolina Gamecocks baseball

text: 2011 College World Series

text: 2011 Major League Baseball Draft

text: Arizona League Dodgers

text: Ogden Raptors

text: Pioneer League

text: Rancho Cucamonga Quakes

text: California League

text: Coastal Plain League

text: North Greenville University

text: graduate assistant

text: Jacksonville University

categories: Sportspeople from Greenville, South Carolina,Baseball players from South Carolina,South Carolina Gamecocks baseball players,College World Series Most Outstanding Player Award winners,Arizona League Dodgers players,1989 births,Ogden Raptors players,Baseball second basemen,Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players,Living people

paragraph: Scott Wingo

paragraph: David Scott Wingo (born March 25, 1989) from Mauldin, South Carolina is an American former professional baseball second baseman and coach.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Wingo attended Mauldin High School in Mauldin. He then attended the University of South Carolina, where he played for the South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team. He was named the College World Series Most Outstanding Player for the 2011 College World Series.

paragraph: Wingo was drafted by the Dodgers in the 11th round (344th overall) in the 2011 Major League Baseball Draft. He started his professional career with the Arizona League Dodgers but after 7 games was promoted to the Ogden Raptors of the Pioneer League. Combined, in 2011, he was in 38 games and hit .296.

paragraph: Wingo spent his 2012 season with the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes in the California League. He played in 109 games with the Quakes and hit .246. He returned to the Quakes in 2013, and hit .227 in 101 games. Wingo spent 2013 with Rancho Cucamonga, where in 101 games, he hit .227/.371/.336 with 4 HR, 24 RBI and 50 BB. He played mostly second base, but also saw a considerable amount of time at third base.

paragraph: He was released by the Dodgers on April 12, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Wingo returned to the University of South Carolina as a student assistant and completed his degree in the spring of 2015. That summer, he coached in the Coastal Plain League. In 2016, he joined the North Greenville University baseball team as a graduate assistant and finished his Masters degree. He is currently an assistant coach at Jacksonville University. Scott Wingo returned to Columbia, SC Summer 2018. He received his real estate license in December 2018. In January of 2019 Scott took a position with Recruiting Solutions located in Columbia, SC.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Scott Wingo

wikipedia_title: Scott Wingo


text:
Iowa
educator
Amherst College
superintendent
Republican
Henry Sabin Elementary
Clinton, Iowa
Henry Sabin Elementary
Iowa City, Iowa

categories: Educators from Iowa,1829 births,1918 deaths,Amherst College alumni

paragraph: Henry Sabin

paragraph: Henry Sabin (October 23, 1829–1918) was an Iowa educator.

paragraph: He entered Amherst College and graduated in 1852. He was a superintendent of public schools and a member of the State Teachers' Association. As a Republican nominee, he served as the State Superintendent of Public Instruction from 1897 to 1892, and again from 1893 until his retirement in 1898.

paragraph: Section::::Schools named for Henry Sabin.

paragraph: At least two schools have been named for Henry Sabin:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Sabin Elementary, Clinton, Iowa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Sabin Elementary, Iowa City, Iowa

description: American educator

wikidata_label: Henry Sabin

wikipedia_title: Henry Sabin


text:
Miskolc
Budapest
Hungarian
journalist
Upper House
Hungarian Parliament
gymnasium
Budapest
Pesti Hölgydivatlap
Károly Grósz
Pannonia
Magyar Sajtó
Sigmund Kemény
Pesti Napló
Ministry of the Interior
Neues Pester Journal
Daniel Bródy
Bródy
Hungarian Upper House

categories: 1840 births,Hungarian journalists,1906 deaths,Jewish Hungarian politicians

paragraph: Zsigmond Bródy

paragraph: Sigmund Brody, or Bródy Zsigmond (November 15, 1840, Miskolc - January 6, 1906, Budapest ) was a Hungarian journalist, and member of the Upper House of the Hungarian Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He attended the gymnasium at Budapest, and late studied law at the university. He began his journalistic activity early in life, and in 1859 published his first leader. As early as 1860 he occupied the post of editor of the ""Pesti Hölgydivatlap"," and in conjunction with Károly Grósz founded the German periodical ""Pannonia"," whose purpose was the publication of Hungarian literature in the form of critical studies and translations. In 1859-60 he wrote some poems, as well as a number of hymns for the Jewish congregation which are still in use. As collaborator on the ""Magyar Sajtó"," he became very widely known as a journalist of the first rank.

paragraph: After the compromise with Austria (1867), Bródy was associated with Sigmund Kemény as editorial writer on the ""Pesti Napló""; and this was the most brilliant period of his career as publicist, his sound logic and comprehensive views being especially noticeable. In 1872 he became secretary at the Ministry of the Interior, but voluntarily resigned this position; a year later he purchased the ""Neues Pester Journal", "which paper under his management attained an unprecedented circulation throughout the country. His nephew Daniel Bródy inherited the newspaper and became its editor-in-chief.

paragraph: Bródy was also a distinguished philanthropist, and on the anniversary of his fiftieth birthday he donated 100,000 gulden to journalistic institutions. Further donations to the amount of 250,000 gulden were made in memory of his wife. In 1896 he was appointed a life-member of the Hungarian Upper House.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Szinnyei, "Magyar Irók Tóra"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pallas Nagy Lexicona, s.v.

description: Hungarian politician

wikidata_label: Zsigmond Bródy

wikipedia_title: Zsigmond Bródy


text:
Elmore Court
Rendcomb
Gloucestershire
House of Commons
Sir John Guise, 3rd Baronet
New College, Oxford
Member of Parliament
Aylesbury
1722 British general election
1727 British general election
Great Marlow
baronetcy
William

categories: People from Stroud District,People from Cotswold District,1701 births,British MPs 1722–1727,1769 deaths,Baronets in the Baronetage of England,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,Alumni of New College, Oxford

paragraph: Sir John Guise, 4th Baronet

paragraph: Sir John Guise, 4th Baronet (1701 – May 1769), of Elmore Court and Rendcomb, both in Gloucestershire, England, was an English Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1722 to 1727.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Guise was the only surviving son of Sir John Guise, 3rd Baronet and his first wife. He was educated at Marlborough between 1709 and 1711 and matriculated at New College, Oxford on 27 June 1720, aged 19.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Guise was returned as a Whig Member of Parliament for Aylesbury at the 1722 British general election. There is no record of a vote by him. He lost his seat at the 1727 British general election to a follower of Walpole. He stood at a by-election for Great Marlow in 1731, where his father had an electoral interest but was defeated and did not stand again.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and legacy.

paragraph: Guise married Jane Saunders, the only daughter of John Saunders of Mongewell, Oxfordshire, by a settlement dated 14 June 1732. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy on 16 November 1732. In 1735 he sold the Marlow estates to Sir William Clayton. He was sometime a colonel in the guards.

paragraph: Guise died in May 1769 and was buried at Rendcomb, leaving two sons William and John and two daughters. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son William.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Sir John Guise, 4th Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir John Guise, 4th Baronet


text:
Bagrationi dynasty
Imereti
George III of Imereti
Levan II Dadiani
Prince of Mingrelia
Rostom of Kartli
r.
Alexander III
Chkheidze
Ottoman
pasha of Akhaltsikhe
Guria
king of Kartli
buckskin horse
Teimuraz I
Kakhetian
Mariam

categories: 17th-century people from Georgia (country),Royalty of Georgia (country),Heirs apparent who never acceded,Year of birth unknown,Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Imereti,1654 deaths,People from Imereti

paragraph: Prince Mamuka of Imereti

paragraph: Mamuka (); died 1654) was a member of the Bagrationi dynasty of Imereti, a kingdom in western Georgia. A son of King George III of Imereti, he was a leading commander in a series of wars with Levan II Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, who captured Mamuka in 1647 and had him blinded. Mamuka died as Dadiani's prisoner. At one point in the 1630s, Mamuka had been considered by the childless king Rostom of Kartli as his heir apparent.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Mamuka was a son of King George III of Imereti (r. 1605–1639) by his wife Tamar, and a younger brother of George's successor, Alexander III (r. 1639–1660). Both these kings were perpetually harassed by their expansionist neighbor, Levan II Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia. An able soldier praised by the Georgian chroniclers for his bravery, Mamuka played a prominent role in the war with Dadiani. Levan attempted to win over Mamuka by marrying the prince with his daughter; instead, Mamuka married an Imeretian princess from the Chkheidze family. He had a son, Archil (), whose son, Mamuka (fl. 1685–1687), was the last known descendant of this family.

paragraph: Section::::Heir apparent of Kartli.

paragraph: In 1634, George III fell into the Mingrelian hands and Alexander had to pay a ransom. Prince Mamuka and his father-in-law Bezhan Chkheidze took refuge with Yusuf I, an Ottoman pasha of Akhaltsikhe, and lived there, at times raiding Imereti and Guria, until being summoned by Rostom, the childless king of Kartli, to become his adopted son and heir apparent. However, a group of nobles of Kartli, who had persuaded Rostom to adopt Mamuka by virtue of his bravery, royal descent, and dynastic kinship, then conspired with Chkheidze to murder Rostom and make Mamuka king of Kartli. The plot collapsed when an assassin mistook a royal bath servant for the king and had to flee, leaving the servant wounded. Rostom refrained from publicizing the incident and, through a private letter, patiently forced Mamuka back to his exile in Akhaltsikhe. Chkheidze and his numbers remained in Kartli to continue their struggle with Rostom.

paragraph: Section::::Last years and death.

paragraph: By 1647, Mamuka was again in Imereti, leading resistance to Levan II Dadiani's renewed offensive. Riding his favorite buckskin horse, he spread terror among the Mingrelians. In one of Dadiani's attack on Imereti, Alexander III, Mamuka's reigning brother, hid the prince's buckskin horse to prevent him from going to battle, either out of fear of losing the brother or, as rumored, out of envy of his military prowess. Mamuka still hurried to charge the Mingrelians, putting them into flight. His horse stumbled when Mamuka speared down a fleeing enemy horseman and the prince fell off on the ground, being captured and brought in chains to Dadiani. Teimuraz I, the Kakhetian king-in-exile, who was related by kinship to both the king of Imereti and the prince Dadiani, attempted to negotiate Mamuka's release, but Levan refused. During yet another outbreak of hostilities with Imereti, Dadiani had Mamuka blinded in prison. Alexander III complained to Rostom and the latter, with the consent of his wife Mariam, sister of Levan Dadiani, solemnly cursed the prince of Mingrelia. Mamuka remained in captivity and in 1654 died, being mourned in Imereti and Kartli.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Prince Mamuka of Imereti

wikipedia_title: Prince Mamuka of Imereti


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Bishop of Venice, Florida

text: Green Bay

text: Wisconsin

text: Irish Catholic

text: dairy farm

text: Denmark High School

text: lineman

text: football team

text: summer vacation

text: college

text: University of Wisconsin

text: bachelor's degree

text: American University

text: Washington, D.C.

text: master's degree

text: NBC

text: Moscow

text: subsidiary

text: PepsiCo

text: New York City

text: philosophy

text: University of Notre Dame

text: South Bend

text: Indiana

text: Rome

text: Pontifical North American College

text: theology

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: canon law

text: Angelicum

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: pastor

text: Ss. Peter and Paul Parish

text: diocesan

text: tribunal

text: Vatican

text: Permanent Observer Mission

text: United Nations

text: Roman Curia

text: Pontifical Council "Cor Unum"

text: Undersecretary

text: diplomat

text: Coadjutor Bishop

text: of Venice in Florida

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Bishop John Nevins

text: Archbishops John Favalora

text: Diarmuid Martin

text: co-consecrators

text: motto

text: Romans 14:17

text: Bishop of Venice in Florida

text: Southwest Florida

text: moderate

text: theologically

text: conservative

text: economically

text: socially

text: progressive

text: Communion

text: politician

text: 2008 presidential election

text: right to life

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Diocese of Venice

text: USCCB Office of Media Relations

categories: Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay,George Washington University alumni,American Roman Catholic bishops,1950 births,Roman Catholic bishops of Venice in Florida,Catholic University of America alumni,Pontifical North American College alumni,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,People from Green Bay, Wisconsin,University of Notre Dame alumni,University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni,Living people

paragraph: Frank Joseph Dewane

paragraph: Frank Joseph Dewane (born March 9, 1950) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the Bishop of Venice, Florida.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Frank Dewane was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, as the third of the four children of Ben and Eleanor Dewane, Irish Catholics who owned and operated a dairy farm. He attended Denmark High School, where he played lineman on the football team, and worked at an appliance factory during his summer vacations to pay for college.

paragraph: He studied at the University of Wisconsin from 1968 to 1972, where he obtained a bachelor's degree, and at the American University in Washington, D.C. from 1973 to 1975, earning a master's degree in international administration. Dewane worked for the NBC in Moscow and then for a subsidiary of PepsiCo in New York City.

paragraph: He studied philosophy at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana (1983–1984), and then traveled to Rome, where he attended the Pontifical North American College (1984–1988) and studied theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University and canon law at the Angelicum.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Priestly ministry.

paragraph: Dewane was ordained to the priesthood on July 16, 1988, and then served as assistant pastor at Ss. Peter and Paul Parish in Green Bay until 1991. He worked for the diocesan tribunal as well.

paragraph: In 1991, he was named by the Vatican to its Permanent Observer Mission to the United Nations in New York City. Dewane entered the service of the Roman Curia upon becoming an official of the Pontifical Council "Cor Unum" in 1995. From 2001 to 2006, he served as Undersecretary of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. During his tenure as Undersecretary, he acted as a Vatican diplomat to numerous international conferences and other events.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Venice in Florida.

paragraph: On April 25, 2006, Dewane was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Venice in Florida by Pope Benedict XVI. He was consecrated on July 25 by Bishop John Nevins, with Archbishops John Favalora and Diarmuid Martin serving as co-consecrators, in Epiphany Cathedral. He took as his episcopal motto: ""Iustitia Pax Gaudium"", meaning, ""Justice, Peace, and Joy"" (Romans 14:17).

paragraph: Dewane later succeeded Nevins as the second Bishop of Venice in Florida on January 19, 2007. As Bishop, he is the spiritual leader of the 250,000 Catholics of Southwest Florida.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal views.

paragraph: He is considered to be moderate in his views, being theologically conservative yet economically and socially progressive. However, he aroused a certain controversy shortly after his nomination as Coadjutor Bishop when he stated that Communion should not be withheld to Catholic politicians who oppose some of the Church's public policy positions.

paragraph: During the 2008 presidential election, Dewane stated, "[The] right to life and dignity of every person ... are fundamental to the health of any society and should therefore, be carefully considered when voting for a particular candidate. After all, in voting we are making moral choices." He added, "As Catholics, we are called upon to respect and protect the rights of all, especially, the unborn child, the weakest and most vulnerable among us. At the same time, the family, the basic unit of society, must be safeguarded, promoted, and protected based on monogamous marriage between a man and a woman."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diocese of Venice

paragraph: BULLET::::- USCCB Office of Media Relations

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Frank Joseph Dewane

wikipedia_title: Frank Joseph Dewane


text:
Cambridge, England
Bristol
Alexander Hawkins
John Butcher
Evan Parker
Tony Conrad
Joe Morris
Tony Buck
The Necks
Manchester Jazz Festival
Nicholas Lash
Ralph Fiennes
Joseph Fiennes
Sophie Fiennes
Taylor Ho Bynum

categories: English double-bassists,People from Oxford,1980 births,21st-century double-bassists,Male double-bassists,Living people

paragraph: Dominic Lash

paragraph: Dominic Lash (born 18 January 1980 in Cambridge, England) is a Bristol based double bassist and was formerly a central figure in the musicians' collective Oxford Improvisers. Important long-term musical collaborators include Angharad Davies, Bruno Guastalla, Alexander Hawkins, Tim Hill, Steve Noble, Samantha Rebello, Pat Thomas, Philipp Wachsmann and Alex Ward. He has also performed with saxophonists John Butcher and Evan Parker and violinist Tony Conrad. Recent work includes a UK tour with US guitarist Joe Morris, Australian drummer Tony Buck (of The Necks) and saxophonist Tony Bevan. Festival appearances have included the Manchester Jazz Festival (with the Grew Quartet), Akbank Jazz Festival (Istanbul) and Tampere Jazz Happening.

paragraph: He is the only child of Nicholas Lash and Janet Lash, and hence first cousin to Ralph Fiennes, Joseph Fiennes and Sophie Fiennes.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grazing" - Bruno Guastalla, Dominic Lash (PIE, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live in Oxford" - Taylor Ho Bynum, Alexander Hawkins, Dominic Lash, Harris Eisenstadt (FMR, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Imaginary Trio" - Bruno Guastalla, Dominic Lash, Philipp Wachsmann (Bead, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Barkingside" – Alex Ward, Alexander Hawkins, Dominic Lash, Paul May (Emanem, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Separately and together" - London Improvisers Orchestra and Glasgow Improvisers Orchestra (Emanem, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monster Club" - Tony Bevan, Chris Corsano, Dominic Lash (Foghorn, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Now Is So" - Alexander Hawkins Ensemble (FMR, 2009)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.dominiclash.co.uk

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.oxfordimprovisers.com/

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Dominic Lash

wikipedia_title: Dominic Lash


text: German

text: composer

text: England

text: Nazi Germany

text: Modernist

text: Hamburg

text: Germany

text: Weimar Republic

text: University of Hamburg

text: Italian

text: Ferruccio Busoni

text: Berlin Hochschule für Musik

text: Franz Schreker

text: composition

text: Ernst Krenek

text: Alois Hába

text: Felix Petryek

text: Jascha Horenstein

text: conducting

text: Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra

text: choir

text: Berlin

text: Arnold Schoenberg

text: Gurre-Lieder

text: Passacaglia

text: Mendelssohn Prize

text: opera

text: Mannheim

text: Nazi

text: Third Reich

text: degenerate music

text: piano

text: World War II

text: BBC

text: concerto

text: violin

text: cello

text: clarinet

text: The Cenci

text: Percy Bysshe Shelley

text: Festival of Britain

text: Covent Garden

text: Deryck Cooke

text: Gustav Mahler

text: Tenth Symphony

text: the Proms

text: London Symphony Orchestra

text: Trinity College of Music

text: David Drew

text: Boosey & Hawkes

text: United States

text: Simon Rattle

text: Charles Dutoit

text: violin

text: Chantal Juillet

text: string quartet

text: Largo

text: Decca

text: The Cenci

text: Bach

text: Zdenka Ticharich

text: Boosey and Hawkes

text: Classical Composers Database

text: Sony Classical

text: Dictionary of National Biography

categories: 20th-century classical composers,Jewish classical composers,Berlin University of the Arts alumni,BBC people,University of Hamburg alumni,20th-century German composers,1903 births,German classical composers,German male classical composers,1996 deaths,20th-century English musicians,20th-century British composers,People from Hamburg,Jewish classical musicians,English classical composers,Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom,Mendelssohn Prize winners

paragraph: Berthold Goldschmidt

paragraph: Berthold Goldschmidt (18 January 190317 October 1996) was a German Jewish composer who spent most of his life in England. The suppression of his work by Nazi Germany, as well as the disdain with which many Modernist critics elsewhere dismissed his "anachronistic" lyricism, stranded the composer in the wilderness for many years before he was given a revival in his final decade.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Goldschmidt was born in Hamburg, Germany in 1903. His musical career began in earnest during the heyday of the Weimar Republic. While studying philosophy at the University of Hamburg, he was encouraged by the Italian composer Ferruccio Busoni to write music. In 1922, Goldschmidt entered the Berlin Hochschule für Musik and joined Franz Schreker's composition class, where his fellow pupils included Ernst Krenek, Alois Hába, Felix Petryek, and Jascha Horenstein. He also studied conducting, played freelance for the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, and in 1923, coached the choir for the Berlin premiere of Arnold Schoenberg's "Gurre-Lieder". In 1925, Goldschmidt achieved his first major success with his Passacaglia, Op. 4, which earned him the prestigious Mendelssohn Prize. Hailed as one of the brightest hopes of a generation of young composers, Goldschmidt reached the premature climax of his career with the premiere of his opera "Der gewaltige Hahnrei" in Mannheim in 1932.

paragraph: This triumph happened on the eve of the Nazi takeover of Germany, which quickly destroyed Goldschmidt's livelihood. Like many Jewish composers (and other composers considered subversive of the Germanic purity of the Third Reich), Goldschmidt had his work condemned as "degenerate music" by the regime. There was no place in German musical life for Goldschmidt since performances of his work were banned and he was barred from conducting orchestras. Goldschmidt resorted to earning a living by giving piano lessons, before finally leaving the country on the advice of an SS officer and emigrating to England in 1935.

paragraph: During World War II, Goldschmidt worked for the BBC and served as the Music Director of its German Service in 1944-47. While taking jobs in conducting, Goldschmidt also composed works such as the Ciaccona Sinfonica, concertos for violin, cello, and clarinet, and the opera "Beatrice Cenci". The English attitude towards Goldschmidt's music was generally indifferent. Even though "Beatrice Cenci", an opera based on the 1819 play "The Cenci" by Percy Bysshe Shelley, won first prize in the 1951 Festival of Britain opera competition, Covent Garden refused to mount a production. Neglected by the musical establishment, Goldschmidt decided to abandon original composition in 1958. For the next six years, he collaborated with Deryck Cooke on producing a performing edition of Gustav Mahler's Tenth Symphony. On 13 August 1964, at the Proms, Goldschmidt conducted the London Symphony Orchestra in the world premiere of the Cooke realization.

paragraph: The last years of Goldschmidt's life witnessed a renewed interest in the composers of so-called "degenerate music." In 1983, to mark Goldschmidt's 80th birthday, friend and conductor Bernard Keeffe mounted a run-through (the only performance in the UK to date) of scenes from "Der gewaltige Hahnrei" at Trinity College of Music in London. This performance was attended by David Drew, which led to a publishing collaboration with Boosey & Hawkes. This revival led to performances of his work in the United States and Germany, new recordings, and the recovery of a number of lost manuscripts. His opera "Beatrice Cenci", rejected in 1951, was given a concert performance in 1988 and a fully staged performance in 1994.

paragraph: Goldschmidt had resumed composing in 1982 with the Clarinet Quartet and penned his final work, the "Deux nocturnes", just before his death at the age of 93. Champions of his work include the conductors Simon Rattle, Charles Dutoit and Bernard Keeffe; the violinist Chantal Juillet; the Mandelring string quartet; and the record companies Largo and Decca.

paragraph: He died in London in 1996, aged 93.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Operas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der gewaltige Hahnrei", Op. 14 (1929–30). A musical tragi-comedy in three acts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beatrice Cenci" (1949–50). Opera in three acts, based on the 1819 play "The Cenci" by Percy Bysshe Shelley.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Orchestral works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Passacaglia, Op. 4 (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Overture: "The Comedy of Errors" (1925/28)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suite, Op. 5 (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Partita, Op. 9 (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der gewaltige Hahnrei": Suite, Op. 14a (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marche Militaire", Op. 20 (1932) for orchestra or wind band (later incorporated into "Chronica")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ciaccona Sinfonica (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chronica" (1938/58/86)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polish Dance Suite (1939–40)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greek Suite (1940–41)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Awake, the voice commands" (1947) - Bach's chorale "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme", transcribed for orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Violin Concerto (1952/55)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cello Concerto (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clarinet Concerto (1953–54)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Intrada (1985) for orchestra or wind band (later incorporated into "Chronica")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rondeau 'Rue du Rocher"' for violin and orchestra (1994–95)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Chamber works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet No. 1, Op. 8 (1925–26)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet No. 2 (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carols for string trio (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clarinet Quartet (1982–83)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Trio (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet No. 3 (1988–89)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Berceuse for violin and viola (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Retrospectrum" for string trio (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fantasy for oboe, cello and harp (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Capriccio for solo violin (1991–92)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet No. 4 (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dialogue with Cordelia" for clarinet and cello (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encore, une meditation agitée" for violin and piano (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rondeau 'Rue du Rocher"' for violin and piano (1994–95)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Vocal works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two Morgenstern Songs, Op. 27 for voice and piano or string trio (1933 arr.1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Three Songs, Op. 24 for coloratura soprano and piano (1933–34)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two Psalms, Op. 34 for high voice and string orchestra (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Verflossene". Cabaret Song for voice and piano (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice's Song for soprano and piano (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Time" for voice and piano (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nicodemus, he was black" for unaccompanied voice (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Noble Little Soldier's Wife" for baritone and xylophone (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clouds" for voice and piano or orchestra (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Old Ships" for voice and piano (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mediterranean Songs for tenor and orchestra (1957–58)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les petits adieux" for baritone and orchestra (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deux nocturnes" for soprano and orchestra (1995–96)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Choral works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Letzte Kapitel", Op. 15 (1930–31) for speaker, chorus, percussion and piano (first performance 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Belsatzar" (1985) for unaccompanied chorus

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Piano works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Piano Sonata, Op. 10" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capriccio, Op. 11" (1927) (written for Zdenka Ticharich)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Variations on a Palestine Shepherd's Song", Op. 32 (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Legend" (1923/57)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From the Ballet" (1938/57)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scherzo" (1922/58)

paragraph: Principal publisher: Boosey & Hawkes

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Biographies from:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boosey and Hawkes, publisher of many of Goldschmidt's works

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classical Composers Database

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sony Classical

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stirrings of a Lost Composer" by Norman Lebrecht

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appearance on Desert Island Discs 13 November 1994

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

description: German composer

wikidata_label: Berthold Goldschmidt

wikipedia_title: Berthold Goldschmidt


text: entomologist

text: engraver

text: entomology

text: Royal Academy

text: Dru Drury

text: John Coakley Lettsom

text: Isaac Newton

text: Benjamin West

text: subtractive mixing

text: Odonata

text: Calopteryx splendens

text: Aeshna grandis

text: August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof

text: "Muscina levida [assimilis]"

text: Muscina prolapsa

text: Dru Drury's

text: Compound and Prismatic Colour Wheels

text: John Harris

text: Dragonfly

text: Special collections

text: Exhibition on Harris at Brighton

text: "The Aurelian"

text: Linda Hall Library

text: here

categories: English entomologists,1788 deaths,1730 births

paragraph: Moses Harris

paragraph: Moses Harris (15 April 1730 – c. 1788) was an English entomologist and engraver.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Harris was encouraged in entomology from a young age by his uncle, a member of the Society of the Aurelians. In 1762 he became secretary of a second Society of Aurelians. He was a skilled artist, displaying some of his insect drawings at the Royal Academy in 1785. He drew and engraved illustrations for books including Dru Drury's "Illustrations of Natural History" (3 volumes, 1770–1782) and John Coakley Lettsom's "The Naturalist's and Traveller's Companion" (1772).

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Colours.

paragraph: In the "Natural System of Colours" (between 1769 and 1776) he examined the work of Isaac Newton and tried to reveal the multitude of colours which can be created from three basic ones. "Natural System of Colours" was published again in 1811, this time edited by Thomas Martyn and dedicated to the second President of the Royal Academy, Benjamin West. As a naturalist, Harris wished to understand the relationships between the colours, and how they are coded, and his book attempted to explain the principles, "materially, or by the painters art", by which further colours can be produced from red, yellow and blue. Harris showed what is now known as the subtractive mixing of colours, observing that black is formed by superimposition of the three basic colours.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Entomology.

paragraph: Harris published his "The Aurelian or natural history of English insects" in 1766. In 1780 he followed this up with the first scientific descriptions of several Odonata including the banded demoiselle, "Calopteryx splendens", and was the first English artist to make illustrations of dragonflies accurate enough to be identified to species. Reviewing his artwork, the odonatologists Albert Orr and Matti Hämäläinen comment that his drawing of a 'large brown' ("Aeshna grandis", top left of image) was "superb", while the "perfectly natural colours of the eyes indicate that Harris had examined living individuals of these aeshnids and either coloured the printed copper plates himself or supervised the colourists." However, they consider the larva on the same plate far less good, "a very stiff dorso-lateral view of an aeshnid larva with mask extended. No attempt has been made to depict the eyes, antennae or hinge on the mask or labial palps, all inconceivable omissions for an

paragraph: artist of Harris' talent had he actually examined a specimen", and they suggest he copied it from August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof.

paragraph: In 1778, Harris discovered the "Muscina levida [assimilis]" species of fly. Two years later, he followed with a discovery of the "Muscina prolapsa" species of fly.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Written by Harris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Natural System of Colours" (between 1769 and 1776)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Natural System of Colours" (edited by Thomas Martyn, London, 1811)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Aurelian or natural history of English insects" (1766, 2nd edn 1775)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The English Lepidoptera, or, the Aurelian's Pocket Companion" (1775)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Exposition of English Insects Including the Several Classes of Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, & Diptera, or Bees, Flies, & Libellulae" (1776[-80])

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Illustrated by Harris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copper plates for Dru Drury's "Illustrations of Natural History"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 44 watercolour drawings on life-cycle of British Lepidoptera for a projected edition of the Aurelian/a (Natural History Museum)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Compound and Prismatic Colour Wheels (Royal Academy)

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Harris was survived by his wife, and a son, John Harris (1767–1832), a watercolour painter.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dragonfly

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Special collections Short account four plates.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Section 45:"Object Studies: Hand-Colored Engraving"The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe See also Section 3, "Number, Order, Form" and the glossary entry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition on Harris at Brighton 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harris, Moses (1778) "The Aurelian" - digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library. Several high-resolution images from this book can be found here.

description: British entomologist

wikidata_label: Moses Harris

wikipedia_title: Moses Harris


text: Scottish

text: diplomat

text: prelate

text: Bishop of Moray

text: Archbishop of Bourges

text: France

text: Archbishop of St Andrews

text: Commendator

text: standard-bearer

text: James IV

text: Battle of Flodden

text: dean

text: Glasgow

text: cathedral

text: Fast Castle

text: commendator of May

text: University of St Andrews

text: James IV

text: protonotary apostolic

text: Pope

text: Innocent VIII

text: benefice

text: abbacy of Culross

text: commendator

text: prior of May

text: Pittenweem

text: protonotary apostolic

text: Perkin Warbeck

text: Duke of York

text: Stirling Castle

text: Ayr

text: William Elphinstone

text: Aberdeen

text: Henry VII of England

text: Aytoun

text: Pedro de Ayala

text: Princess Margaret

text: John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset

text: Robert Blackadder

text: Archbishop of Glasgow

text: Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell

text: Thomas Savage

text: Archbishop of York

text: Cottingham

text: Pope Alexander VI

text: Treaty of Perpetual Peace

text: Richmond Palace

text: Glasgow Cathedral

text: King of Scots

text: Fast Castle

text: Berwick

text: Dryburgh Abbey

text: Inverness

text: Forres

text: River Spey

text: father-in-law

text: Henry VIII

text: King Louis XII

text: Pope Julius II

text: Venice

text: Venetians

text: excommunication

text: Leo X

text: Archbishop of Bourges

text: Battle of Flodden

text: Branxton

text: Northumberland

text: George Hepburn

text: bishop of the Isles

text: abbot of Inchaffray

text: abbot of Kilwinning

text: Thomas Ruthall

text: Cardinal Wolsey

text: James V

text: Stirling

text: James Beaton

text: archbishop of Glasgow

text: Earl of Huntly

text: Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus

text: James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran

text: James V

text: John Stewart, Duke of Albany

text: Cardinal

text: Innocenzo Cibo

text: datary

text: Arbroath Abbey

text: James V

text: cathedra

text: Prior of St Andrews

text: Gavin Douglas

text: collegiate church

text: St Giles

text: Edinburgh

text: legatus a latere

text: Paris

text: Dunfermline Abbey

text: Gavin Douglas

text: Bishop Elphinstone of Aberdeen

text: Archibald Douglas, the Earl of Angus

text: Mackay, A. J. G.

text: accessed 9 October 2007

categories: Abbots of Dunfermline,Chancellors of the University of St Andrews,Bishops of Moray,16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Archbishops of St Andrews,Scottish abbots,Scottish priors,1521 deaths,Archbishops of Bourges,Alumni of the University of St Andrews,Abbots of Arbroath,1460s births

paragraph: Andrew Forman

paragraph: Andrew Forman (11 March 1521) was a Scottish diplomat and prelate who became Bishop of Moray in 1501, Archbishop of Bourges in France, in 1513, Archbishop of St Andrews in 1514 as well as being Commendator of several monasteries.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was probably the son of Nicholas Forman of Hutton in Berwickshire, and Jonet Blackadder. Forman had three brothers, John and Adam who were both knights — Adam was the standard-bearer to King James IV at the Battle of Flodden and John was the king's serjeant-porter who was captured at the battle — and Robert who was dean of Glasgow cathedral. He also had two known sisters—Isabel, the second wife of Sir Patrick Home of Fast Castle and an unnamed sister whose son, John Roul, became commendator of May after Forman's death. A possible third sister, Jonet Forman the Prioress of Eklis (Eccles), is the first named in a letter of protection and respite (similar to a will) dated 28 March 1513, when Forman lists a number of his kith and kin. He was educated at the University of St Andrews graduating as a Licentiate of the Arts in 1483.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomat and pluralist.

paragraph: By 1489, he had entered the service of King James IV. King James's foreign policy was directed at bringing peace to Europe, and although Forman obtained many high offices in the church, his primary role was as a senior emissary in the service of the king; a role that saw him receive generous royal and papal gifts and required Forman to spend extended periods in Rome, Paris and London.

paragraph: He represented the king in Rome in 1489/90 where he was appointed protonotary apostolic by Pope Innocent VIII. The first benefice he received was in 1489 when Pope Innocent VIII provided him to the Parsonage of Forest church (Yarrow in the Scottish borders). Then in 1492, he used his influence at Rome to obtain the guarantee of the provision to the abbacy of Culross but resigned his rights in 1493 in return for a substantial pension from the monastery's income. The possession of multiple religious appointments was common in late medieval Scotland when ecclesiastical and later, temporal lords, would be gifted commendatorships of monasteries at the discretion of the monarch—it was unlikely that the monasteries in question would have been visited by their commendators very often, if at all. He became prior of May (Pittenweem) in 1495—an office which he retained up until his death—and by 30 September 1497, he was protonotary apostolic. The king received Perkin Warbeck, the bogus Duke of York, in Stirling Castle in November 1495 and designated Forman to attend him. Warbeck's presence in Scotland may have been used by King James and some of his councillors as an excuse to wage war with England. Apart from a raid into Northumberland, war did not ensue and in July 1497, Forman watched over Warbeck's departure from the port of Ayr.

paragraph: Forman and Bishop William Elphinstone of Aberdeen were the principal envoys who brokered a seven-year truce with King Henry VII of England at Aytoun in September 1497. They were assisted by the Spanish ambassador Pedro de Ayala, who recommended in May 1498 that diplomatic correspondence to Scotland should be copied to Forman, his influential friend. The search for a queen for James began in 1499 when negotiators were appointed to treat with King Henry for the marriage of his eldest daughter, Princess Margaret. Dispensation from the pope for the marriage was received as both James and Margaret were cousins, descended from John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset. On 8 October 1501, Forman, now postulate to the see of Moray, was commissioned along with Robert Blackadder, Archbishop of Glasgow and Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell to conclude the treaty of marriage. In that same year, King Henry, in gratitude for his services required that Thomas Savage, Archbishop of York institute Forman as Rector of the parish church of Cottingham. On 26 November 1501, Pope Alexander VI provided Forman to the bishopric of Moray and then only a few months later in 1502, Bishop Forman concluded the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with England at Richmond Palace. The formal proceedings that finally concluded the marriage terms of King James and Margaret Tudor were conducted in Glasgow Cathedral on 10 December 1502 where Forman was a signatory. He was then appointed as a commissioner to oversee the exchange of the ratified marriage treaties at the courts of Henry and James. James designated Forman to conduct Margaret to Scotland but while in England, gave King Henry an undertaking that the King of Scots would not renew the league with France unless Henry was first consulted. The procession to Scotland took them to Fast Castle near Berwick where they stayed with Forman's sister Isabel and her husband Alexander Oliphant of Kellie. In 1509, Forman became commendator of Dryburgh Abbey and tried unsuccessfully to obtain the commendatorship of the wealthy abbey of Kelso in 1511. The lands and possessions of the parson of Boleskin, south of Inverness were given to Forman (as bishop of Moray) in 1511 and then in 1512 he became the Keeper of the castle of Darnaway, near Forres, Chamberlain of Moray and Custumar north of the River Spey.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomat and pluralist.:Appointments and possessions.

paragraph: Benefices

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1489—provided by Pope Innocent VIII to parsonage of Forest (Yarrow in the Borders)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1498—appointed prior of May (Pittenweem)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1499—papal prothonotary

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1501—in May, Henry VII provides him with the rectorship of Cottingham parish church

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1501— in November, he was bishop of Moray

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1503—appointed to be Keeper of Dunbar Castle

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1507—appointed to be Keeper of Darnaway Castle and Keeper of Dingwall Castle, Forester of Darnaway Forest, Chancellor of the Lordship of Moray and Custumer beyond the Spey

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1509—he became Commendator of Dryburgh

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1511—Pope Julius II provided him to the Commendatorship of Kelso

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1513—Louis XII of France ensured his election to the archbishopric of Brouges

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1514—he obtained the bulls from Pope Leo X to become archbishop of St. Andrews and also to be commendator of Arbroath; again opposition by Albany denied him Arbroath; became legate a latere

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1516—he became perpetual commendator of Dunfermline

paragraph: Lands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1506—along with his brother John, received the lands of Lochirmacus in Berwickshire.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1506/7—received a 19-year lease of the Mains of Dunbar from King James IV.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1508—received the lands of Hillhous.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1508/9—with his brother John, received the lands of Rutherford and Wellis.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1512—King James gave him the lands of Boleskyn (south of Inverness)

paragraph: Section::::Diplomat and pluralist.:Holy League.

paragraph: James's father-in-law, Henry VII of England died in 1509 and his son Henry VIII came to the throne. Forman traveled to the English court on several occasions to facilitate the renewal of the Treaty of Perpetual Peace which was agreed on 29 June 1509 and ratified by Forman on King James' behalf on 29 August. In 1510, the king sent Forman to France to try to persuade King Louis XII to make peace with Pope Julius II and then in 1511 to Venice to try to construct a peace between Louis and the Venetians.

paragraph: Also in 1511, Forman carried a letter to Henry in which James complained bitterly that the criminals who had murdered Sir Robert Ker, Warden of the Middle Marches in the time of his father, Henry VII, were still at large. James stated that he could not accept that his subjects were being killed and those responsible not being brought to justice. The Scottish king's letter to the pope in December 1511 showed that James regarded that the treaty between Scotland and England was worthless and that he assumed that the pope had released both kings from their oaths to uphold the treaty. James was now in the complex situation where he still had the existing treaty with England and with an alliance with France on the table but each contradictory to the other. He did not rush to France's side but continued to send Forman on his shuttle diplomacy missions to try to conciliate the opposing demands of Pope Julius II and King Louis XII. Eventually, after Forman's failure to bring the pontiff and the French king together, James after consultation with his General Council renewed the Franco-Scottish alliance in July 1512—only two councillors opposed the decision.

paragraph: On 21 February 1513, Pope Julius, with England now in the league against France, issued a bull which was in effect a suspended sentence of excommunication on James if he broke the treaty with Henry. James then sent Andrew Forman once more to Rome on 31 March to try to get the new Pope Leo X to countermand the bull but without success. Forman did have personal success in July, however, when at the insistence of King Louis, he was made Archbishop of Bourges and paid homage to the French king on 12 September, just 3 days after the Battle of Flodden. It is unlikely that either Louis or Forman would have known of the death of James.

paragraph: Section::::Flodden.

paragraph: On 9 September 1513, the Battle of Flodden was fought near the village of Branxton in Northumberland. Had Forman been in Scotland, then it is almost certain that he would have accompanied the King into England. Many churchmen died that afternoon, among them were the King's natural son, Alexander Stewart, archbishop of St Andrews, George Hepburn, bishop of the Isles, Lawrence Oliphant, abbot of Inchaffray and William Bunch, abbot of Kilwinning. Nine of the twenty-one Scottish earls were also killed along with fourteen of the twenty-nine lords of parliament. Thomas Ruthall, Bishop of Durham, wrote to Cardinal Wolsey on 20 September saying that King James fell near his banner and then lauded the bravery of the Scottish host:

paragraph: ... such large and strong men, they would not fall when four or five bills struck one of them. ... [the English] did not trouble themselves with prisoners, but slew and stripped King, bishops, lords and nobles, and left them naked on the field. ...

paragraph: In all, between 5,000 and 8,000 Scots were killed while approximately 1,500 of the English host died—among the few prisoners taken was Andrew Forman's brother, Sir John Forman who was the King's serjeant-porter.

paragraph: The seventeen-month-old King James V was crowned in Stirling almost immediately and his mother, Queen Margaret created regent as required by the provisions of the late king's will. She had little freedom of action as a ruling council, consisting of James Beaton, archbishop of Glasgow and chancellor, Alexander Gordon, 3rd Earl of Huntly, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran, was appointed to rule the country. When Queen Margaret married the Earl of Angus, the lords of the council decided that she had to give up the regency of her infant son King James V and in September, they invited John Stewart, Duke of Albany to become governor of Scotland. The arrival of Albany from France, the opposing Douglas and Hamilton factions within the council and the meddling of the pope all impinged on the outcome of the vacant archbishopric of St Andrews.

paragraph: Section::::See of St Andrews.

paragraph: Both King Henry VIII and Pope Leo X tried to take advantage of the vacuum created by the loss of so many of the Scottish ruling class. Henry, on 12 October 1513, asked the pope to repudiate the privilege held by the Scottish kings to nominate the successor to vacant ecclesiastical positions; he also asked that the see of St. Andrews should have its metropolitan honours removed and that the unoccupied Scottish bishoprics caused by the battle of Flodden should remain unfilled until he was consulted. Pope Leo also moved quickly to take advantage and appointed his nephew Cardinal Innocenzo Cibo to St Andrews on 13 October. He instructed his ambassador John Battista to take control of the see of St Andrews on Cibos behalf but the governing council of Scotland prevented his entry to the country. The papal datary claimed the priory of Whithorn while Cardinal St Eusebius tried to appropriate Arbroath Abbey prompting the infant King James V via his council to write to Cardinal St Mark stating that he "will not submit to a violation of his privileges." Pope Leo replied in November confirming the right of the Scottish king to make recommendations for religious appointments. Even so, Forman was still influential in Paris and Rome and with the help of the French king and Albany, he obtained provision to the see of St Andrews on 13 November—Leo and Albany agreed that Forman would resign Bourges in Cibo's favour. However, this didn't automatically guarantee his succession to the cathedra. On the death of Alexander, archbishop of St Andrews, John Hepburn, Prior of St Andrews and dean of St Andrews immediately assumed the vicar-generalship collecting the revenues of the cathedral and then had the chapter elect him to the archbishopric.

paragraph: Despite this, King James via his general council, nominated Aberdeen's aged Bishop Elphinstone to the position. Gavin Douglas, provost of the collegiate church of St Giles in Edinburgh was recommended to the pope by both Margaret, the queen-mother and the English King Henry, and took possession of the archbishop's palace which was also St Andrews castle. John Hepburn, who still regarded himself as a contender for the vacancy, dislodged Douglas by force from the castle. The council met in St Andrews on 2 March 1514 at which Hepburn also attended and argued for the council to appeal to the pope to disregard all letters of support for Forman. Hepburn had successfully engineered the council's support as a letter dated 4 March from the king to the pope accused Forman of having a lot of blame for his father's death at Flodden — the letter also stated that Forman was now an exile and a rebel and intimated that his positions and benefices had been taken from him and called for Forman to be disregarded for the vacancy. Forman was not to be deprived as was confirmed in a letter that Leo wrote to Albany on 11 April and named the bishop of Moray for St Andrews. On 13 November, Leo formally provided Forman to St Andrews and followed up by making him legatus a latere on 11 December—the bulls were published in January 1515. In time, both Douglas and Hepburn, unable to secure the backing of Albany and the pope gave up the contest.

paragraph: Albany left Paris for Scotland in May 1515 without Forman but then in June, Forman did travel to Scotland where he was placed under virtual house arrest in his own priory of Pittenweem and would remain there until the end of the year. Albany eventually managed to persuade the council to reluctantly accept Forman as archbishop and provided the temporalities of the see in February 1516.

paragraph: He died in Dunfermline on 11 March 1521 and was buried in St Andrews Cathedral.

paragraph: Like many senior churchmen of his day, his vow of celibacy was not one that he kept and was known to have had a daughter Jane who married Sir Alexander Oliphant of Kellie.

paragraph: Section::::Forman's reputation.

paragraph: Andrew Forman was highly regarded at the courts of Europe and this respect did not go unrewarded. From King Louis XII of France he received the archbishopric of Bourges, from King Hendry VII of England he obtained the rectorship of the parish church of Cottingham and from his own master, King James IV many headships of Scottish monasteries, the recommendation to the bishopric of Moray and large tracts of land. Rome also appreciated his efforts and provided Forman firstly with the parsonage of Forest Church from Innocent VIII, then the commendatorship of Kelso Abbey from Julius II and finally and most importantly, the archbishopric of St Andrews and the commendatorship of Dunfermline Abbey from Leo X.

paragraph: Forman's standing with Henry VIII was good in his early reign when the bishop was central in renewing the Treaty of Perpetual Peace and later in his attempts at mediation between the English and French kings. As King James edged ever closer to France and then with the renewal of the traditional Franco-Scottish alliance, Forman's embassies to France were distrusted and he was deprived of safe passage through England. That Andrew Forman was seen as the main instigator of the war was in early circulation in England—a contemporary document re-printed in full in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland contains the following excerpt:

paragraph: Dyvers prisoners are taken of the Scottes, but noe notable personne, only Sir Willm Scott knight councelour of the said king of Scottes, and as is said a gentilman well lernyd. Also Sir John Forman knight broder to the Busshop of Murrey, which Busshop as is reported, was and is mosst principall procurour of this warre;

paragraph: Despite these early views, MacDougall argues that Forman's reputation was without doubt blackened by a coterie that included Gavin Douglas who was a principal competitor for the see of St Andrews and who had called Forman "yon evyll myndit Byschep of Morray". MacDougall also explains that Andrew Forman was one of the main participants in the peace treaty of 1502, its renewal in 1509 and his opposition to the renewal of the alliance with France in 1508; he goes on to say that it would have been inconceivable that the king could be manoeuvered into a position that was against his own wishes. The early chroniclers (Buchanan and Pitscottie) did nothing to revive Forman's tarnished reputation yet when King James took the advice of his General Council, only two counsellors opposed the French alliance—Bishop Elphinstone of Aberdeen and Archibald Douglas, the Earl of Angus.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [Archer, "Andrew Forman", Dict. Nat. Biog.]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bain, Joseph, ed., "Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland", Vol. IV, Edinburgh, 1888 [Bain, "Cal. Docs. Scot."]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bonnar, Elizabeth, "Stewart, John, second duke of Albany (–1536)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2006 (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/26488, accessed 26 January 2008) [Bonnar, "Albany", ODNB]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brewer, J.S., Ed., "Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII", Vol. I, London, 1862 [Brewer, "Letters and Papers of Henry VIII"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chalmers, T. G., "James IV (1473–1513)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, October 2007 (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14590, accessed 10 January 2008). [Chalmers, "James IV", ODNB]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dowden, J., "The Bishops of Scotland ... prior to the Reformation", ed. J. M. Thomson, Edinburgh, 1912. [Dowden, "Bishops of Scotland"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fawcett, Richard and Oram, Richard, "Dryburgh Abbey", Stroud, 2005. [Fawcett & Oram, "Dryburgh Abbey"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fleming, David Hay, "The Reformation in Scotland, London", 1910 [Fleming, "Reformation in Scotland"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herkless, John & Hannay, Robert Kerr, "The Archbishops of St Andrews", Vol II, Edinburgh, 1909. [Herkless & Hannay, "Archbishops of St Andrews"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacDougall, Norman, "James IV", Edinburgh, 2006. () [MacDougall, "James IV"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mackay, A. J. G., "James V (1512–1542), king of Scotland", Dictionary of National Biography, 1891 at Archive at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14591, accessed 28 January 2008) [Mackay, "James V", archive ODNB]

paragraph: BULLET::::- McGladdery C.A., "Forman, Andrew (–1521)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 9 October 2007 Andrew Forman (–1521): . [McGladdery, "Andrew Foreman", ODNB]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sadler, John, "Flodden 1513", Scotland's Greatest Defeat, Osprey, 2006 () [Sadler, "Flodden 1513"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, I.A., "The Life of James IV", London, 1913. [Taylor, "Life of James IV"]

description: Scottish bishop

wikidata_label: Andrew Forman

wikipedia_title: Andrew Forman