text:
priest
abbot
saint
Catholic Church
Gargrave
Yorkshire
Fountains Abbey
Morpeth
Craven
Skipton
North Yorkshire
Gargrave
University of Paris
Psalms
Benedictine
Saint Mary's Abbey in York
River Skell
Dean of York
Fountains Abbey
Cistercian
Bernard of Clairvaux
Newminster Abbey
Gospatric II, Earl of Lothian
Morpeth
Northumberland
Pipewell
Roche
Sawley
Godric of Finchale
St Robert of Newminster Catholic School

categories: 1100 births,12th-century Christian saints,English Cistercians,People from Craven District,Medieval English saints,1159 deaths

paragraph: Robert of Newminster

paragraph: Robert of Newminster (1100–1159) was a priest, abbot, and a saint of the Catholic Church. He was born in Gargrave in Yorkshire, England. He was one of the monks who founded Fountains Abbey and is named from the abbey he founded in Morpeth, Northumberland.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Robert was born in the district of Craven, near Skipton in North Yorkshire, probably in the village of Gargrave. He studied at the University of Paris, where he is said to have composed a commentary - since lost - on the Psalms. He became a parish priest, returning to serve Gargrave where he was made rector. He became a Benedictine joining the monks of Saint Mary's Abbey in York. A group of monks, including Robert were expelled from York and established a monastery in a valley near Skeldale, on land given them by Archbishop Thurstan in winter 1132. The first two years were difficult and the monks struggled in extreme poverty. Initially they lived in a makeshift structure on the banks of the River Skell. Despite the hardships, the monks were known for their holiness, austerity and dedication to the strict Benedictine way of life. Their fame brought a new novice, Hugh, Dean of York, who relinquished all his wealth to the community who built more suitable facilities. Because of the many natural springs in the area, the monastery was called Fountains Abbey. Fountains became affiliated with the Cistercian reform which had been introduced by Bernard of Clairvaux.

paragraph: Section::::Cistercian and abbot.

paragraph: Robert was described as a devout, prayerful, and gentle man. He is known for being merciful in his judgment of others and a warm and considerate companion. He was zealous regarding his own vows of poverty. About 1138 he headed a group of monks sent out from Fountains to establish Newminster Abbey near the castle of Ralph de Merlay and his wife, Juliana, daughter of Gospatric II, Earl of Lothian, at Morpeth in Northumberland. Abbot Robert was said to be was favoured with the gift of prophecy and miracles. During his abbacy three colonies of monks were sent to found new monasteries at Pipewell (1143), Roche (1147), and Sawley (1148).

paragraph: Capgrave's life tells that an accusation of misconduct was brought against him by his own monks. Robert was said to have had an interest towards a woman in the village. He went to defend himself before Bernard of Clairvaux in 1147–1148. Bernard did not doubt Robert's innocence as he had received a heavenly sign of his virtuous conduct. Doubt has been cast upon the truth of the story, which may have arisen from a desire to associate him personally with the greatest of the Cistercians.

paragraph: Robert ruled and directed the monks at Newminster for 21 years. The small monastery of only 17 monks was one of the first to be dissolved in 1535 by Henry VIII, and the site has been privately owned since.

paragraph: Section::::Miracles.

paragraph: In one instance, a monk is said to have fallen unhurt from a ladder while working on one of the buildings. His tomb has become a centre for pilgrimage. Robert was a close spiritual friend of the hermit Godric of Finchale. On the night Robert died, Godric is said to have seen a vision of Robert's soul, like a ball of fire, being lifted by angels on a pathway of light toward the gates of heaven. As they approached, Godric heard a voice saying, ""Enter now my friends.""

paragraph: Robert is often depicted in church art as an abbot holding a church.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Robert's tomb in the church of Newminster became an object of pilgrimage. His feast day is celebrated on 7 June, the day of his death.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: A number of parishes are dedicated to St Robert of Newminster including those in Morpeth, Northumberland; Fenham, Newcastle upon Tyne; Ada, Michigan and Shorewood, Wisconsin.

paragraph: St Robert of Newminster Catholic School in Washington, Tyne and Wear is named after him.

paragraph: St. Robert School in Sacramento, CA is also named after him.

paragraph: There is a St Robert of Newminster Parish and Primary School in Aberkenfig, Bridgend South Wales.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: 7 https://rcadc.org/st-robert-of-newminster-aberkenfig/

description: Saint of the Roman Catholic Church

wikidata_label: Robert of Newminster

wikipedia_title: Robert of Newminster


href: Paris psychedelic%20trance Transwave Absolum trance%20music Kaledoid Ibiza

text: Paris psytrance Transwave Absolum trance Kaledoid Ibiza

categories: Living people,1970 births,French record producers

paragraph: Frédéric Holyszewski

paragraph: Frédéric Holyszewski (Paris, 1970), also known as Dado and Deedrah is a French music producer mostly known his psytrance projects such as Deedrah, Transwave, Krome Angels and Synthetic.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He learned classical music since his childhood, playing piano and transverse flute, yet wanted to be a biology teacher. He got a masters in biology and geology (PARIS 6) but stopped his studies when he was 25 years old to produce the early Transwave tracks with fellow music producer Christophe Drouillet, aka Absolum.

paragraph: He has been releasing his trance productions under the name Deedrah since 1995.

paragraph: Collaborating with other people such as Sid Shanti, Bamboo Forest, and others, Dado has founded a broad and diverse spectrum of music in projects such as Transwave, Kaledoid, Synthetic, Cypher, The Digital Avengers, Dandandado, and The Good The Bad and the Ugly to name a few. He also heads another solo project with the name Federico Baltimore, with a more lounge/house style. He is known for having a high standard for his music productions and for his solid production quality. He is now living in Ibiza, producing music or touring the world. His newest projects are the fourth album of Transwave and the Krome Angels. Krome Angels is an EDM project, which includes Dino Psaras, Dado (Deedrah), and Shanti Matkin. Their debut album, "Modern Day Classics", was released in February 2009 on the BOA Group label. Their second long-awaited album "Sexy, Freaky, Nasty" is due for release in April 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Self Oscillation" (Distance /Questionmark records) – His first voyage under the name Deedrah and a classic album defining his own solo sophisticated style.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reload" (Alien News) – an album veering towards the direction of melodic and progressive with a twist of psychedelia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Body & Soul" (spun rds) – A full-on psytrance album echoing from the days of Goa gatherings and beach parties.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Far and Away" (Hadshot Haheizar)(released in June 2001).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Out Of Control" (HOMmega Productions) (released in October 2012).

description: French musician

wikidata_label: Frederic Holyszewski

wikipedia_title: Frédéric Holyszewski


text:
politician
aristocrat
Rome
papal appointment
Carolingian
Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum
vestararius
Theodora
Marozia
Consul
Senator of the Romans
Synod of Rome
Pope John XII
Holy Roman Emperor
Otto I
Pope John XIII
Cardinal-Deacon
Benedict VI
Otto II
Castel Sant'Angelo
deacon
Boniface VII
Constantinople
Benedict VII
Pope John XIV
took the monastic habit
St. Alexius
Aventine
cloister
Crescentii
Counts of Tusculum

categories: People of medieval Rome,984 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Crescentius the Elder

paragraph: Crescentius the Elder (died 7 July 984) was a politician and aristocrat in Rome who played a part in the papal appointment.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: With the disappearance of the Carolingian dynasty the papal government of Rome lost its most powerful protector, and the Romans took matters into their own hands.

paragraph: Out of the local aristocracy there arose a powerful family, which assumed the practical charge of all governmental affairs in Rome, controlled the nominations to the papal throne, and held the power for many years.

paragraph: At the beginning of the tenth century the family was represented by Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum, "vestararius" or high dignitary of the papal palace and the pontifical government, by his wife Theodora, and their two daughters Marozia and Theodora. Theophylact had the titles of Consul and Senator of the Romans. Crescentius was a descendant of this family, being a grandson of Theophylact's daughter Theodora.

paragraph: Section::::Pope Benedict VI.

paragraph: Crescentius ("Crescentius of the Marble Horse") was first mentioned as being one of the nobles who attended the Synod of Rome which deposed Pope John XII in 963, on the orders of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (936-73). His presence there signified that, at this point, Crescentius was aligned to the imperial party.

paragraph: According to the records, he took an active hand in Roman affairs for the first time in 974. At the death of Pope John XIII (965-72), who was a brother of Crescentius, the emperor Otto I designated as his successor the Cardinal-Deacon Benedict, who took the name Benedict VI (972-74). The Romans bore the constant interference of the emperor in the papal elections with ill-concealed indignation.

paragraph: About a year after the death of Otto I, when his successor Otto II (973-83) was engaged in wars at home, they rebelled against the imperial regime under the headship of Crescentius.

paragraph: The unfortunate Pope Benedict VI was dethroned, thrown into the Castel Sant'Angelo, and strangled there in July, 974.

paragraph: Section::::Pope Boniface VII.

paragraph: The deacon Franco, a Roman, son of Ferrucius, was chosen to succeed, and took the name of Boniface VII (974). The protests of the imperial envoy Sicco were of no avail against this manifestation of national aspirations on the part of the Romans. Soon, however, the imperial party gained the upper hand; Pope Boniface VII was forced to flee to Constantinople; Benedict VII (974-83) was chosen in his place, and Crescentius disappeared for a time.

paragraph: In all likelihood Crescentius took an active part in the restoration of Boniface VII in 984.

paragraph: After the death of the Emperor Otto II (December, 983) the anti-imperial party believed that the time had come for reasserting itself. In April, 984, Boniface VII returned from Constantinople and took possession of Rome. Pope John XIV (983-4), who had been appointed by the Emperor Otto II, was imprisoned in the Castel Sant'Angelo, where he perished about four months afterwards, and Boniface VII (984-5) ruled again as pope up to the time of his death in July, 985.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Towards the end of his life, whether before or after the restoration of Boniface VII is uncertain, Crescentius took the monastic habit in the monastery of St. Alexius on the Aventine, where he died, 7 July 984, and was buried within the cloister. The epitaph on his tomb (Armellini, "Le Chiese di Roma", 586) is still visible.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crescentii

paragraph: BULLET::::- Counts of Tusculum

description: Italian noble and aristocrat

wikidata_label: Crescentius the Elder

wikipedia_title: Crescentius the Elder


text:
Crescentius the Elder
Rome
Holy Roman Emperor Otto III
antipope
Boniface VII
Theophanu
Holy Roman Emperor
John XV
Holy See
Ravenna
consecrated
Gregory V
crowned
St. Peter's Basilica
synod
Papal States
excommunication
antipope
Bishop of Piacenza
Constantinople
Emperor Otto III
John XVI
Castel Sant'Angelo
Saint Nilus the Younger
Fulda
Monte Mario
Janiculum
Letitia Elizabeth Landon

categories: People excommunicated by the Catholic Church,998 deaths,10th-century Italian people,Medieval Italian nobility,People executed by the Holy Roman Empire,Medieval Roman patricians,10th-century births,People of medieval Rome,Medieval Roman consuls,10th-century executions,Executed Italian people

paragraph: Crescentius the Younger

paragraph: Crescentius the Younger (or Crescentius II) (died 998), son of Crescentius the Elder, was a leader of the aristocracy of medieval Rome. During the minority of Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, he declared himself Consul (or Senator) of Rome ("Patricius Romanorum") and made himself "de facto" ruler of Rome. After being deposed, he led a rebellion, seized control of Rome, and appointed an antipope, but the rebellion failed and Crescentius was eventually executed.

paragraph: Section::::Control of Rome.

paragraph: The aspirations of the Roman aristocracy did not vanish with the death of the older Crescentius. The latter left a son, also called Crescentius, who after the death of Boniface VII took the reins of power in his hands. Circumstances seemed to be particularly favourable. The Emperor Otto III (985-96) was still a child, and the empress mother, Theophanu, although an energetic princess, was absent from Rome. Crescentius the Younger took the title of "Patricius Romanorum", by which he meant to express that he was ruler in Rome, though not altogether independent of the imperial authority; he considered himself as a lieutenant of the Holy Roman Emperor. It is quite likely that the election of Pope John XV (985-996), who succeeded Boniface VII, was accomplished with the participation of Crescentius, although the particulars of that election are unknown. In some of the official documents of the time, issued by the pope, the name of Crescentius and his title of "Patricius" appear together with the name of John XV; and for a number of years Crescentius exercised his authority apparently without opposition. When the Empress Theophanu came to Rome in 989, she conducted herself as empress and sovereign, while leaving Crescentius his subordinate position.

paragraph: Section::::Fall from power.

paragraph: Meanwhile, the young Emperor Otto III assumed the reins of government, and in 996 made his first journey to Italy, induced by various considerations, especially by the appeals of Pope John XV. However, death overtook the pope at the beginning of April, 996, before Otto reached Rome. The Romans and their leader, Crescentius, did not care at this time to nominate a successor to the deceased pope. They sent a delegation to the emperor with the request that he provide a suitable candidate for the Holy See. Otto III was at Ravenna when the delegates from Rome arrived. After a consultation with his counsellors he chose his own cousin, Bruno, a young ecclesiastic, only twenty-three years of age, who seemed to have the necessary qualifications. Early in May he was consecrated at Rome as Gregory V, being the first pope of German nationality. A few weeks afterwards Otto III himself was crowned in Rome by the new pope (21 May) in St. Peter's Basilica.

paragraph: On 25 May the pope and the Emperor held in St. Peter's a synod, which was at the same time a high court of justice. The rebellious Romans, including Crescentius, who had embittered the last years of the pontificate of Pope John XV, were summoned to give an account of their doings. The result was that a certain number, among them Crescentius, were sentenced to banishment. Pope Gregory V, who wished to inaugurate his pontificate with acts of mercy, pleaded for the guilty, and the Emperor withdrew his sentence of exile. Crescentius was deprived of his title of "Patricius", but was permitted to live in retirement at Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Rebellion.

paragraph: The clemency shown to Crescentius by the pope was repaid with deeds of violence. Only a few months after the departure of the emperor for Germany a revolt broke out in Rome under the leadership of Crescentius. The foreign pope and the many foreign officers installed throughout the Papal States were offensive in the sight of the Romans. In September, 996, the pope was forced to flee with only a few attendants. At Pavia he held a synod in February, 996, in which he pronounced sentence of excommunication against Crescentius, the usurper and invader of the Church of Rome. Crescentius, far from being moved by these proceedings against him, completed his work of rebellion by appointing an antipope, Johannes Philagathos, Bishop of Piacenza, who had just returned from an embassy to Constantinople on behalf of Emperor Otto III. In April 997, he assumed the title of Pope John XVI.

paragraph: In February 998, Otto III returned to Rome with Pope Gregory V and took possession of the city without much difficulty. The antipope sought safety in flight, while Crescentius shut himself up in Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome. John XVI was soon captured by the emissaries of the Emperor; his nose and ears were cut off, his eyes and tongue were torn out, and in this pitiable condition he was made to ride backwards on an ass. At the intercession of Saint Nilus the Younger, one of his countrymen, his life was spared: he was sent to the monastery of Fulda, in Germany, where he died about 1001. Towards the end of April Castel Sant'Angelo was taken; Crescentius was made prisoner and executed and his corpse hung on a gibbet erected on Monte Mario. Afterwards his remains were interred in the church of S. Pancrazio on the Janiculum. Otto took the wife of Crescentius to be his concubine.

paragraph: Section::::External Links.

paragraph: A poem by Letitia Elizabeth Landon in the Literary Gazette, 1823.

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Crescentius the Younger

wikipedia_title: Crescentius the Younger


text:
Brittany
film director
EP
Sony Music
Marvin Jouno official site

categories: 21st-century French singers,People from Brittany,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Marvin Jouno

paragraph: Marvin Jouno is a musician and French singer.

paragraph: Jouno's family is from Brittany in the north-west of France. He studied in the Paris area to become a film director but after several years

paragraph: as movie sets professional, he started to write song scripts, reworking them many times at nights, with romantic music on his life and his passion for film. This is also expressed though the songs "quitte á me quitter", "Si le vous, vous plait", and "love later".

paragraph: In 2015, Jouno released his first EP "Ouverture", consisting of four titles and released by Sony Music. Then in 2016, Jouno released his first LP called "Interieur nuit" with eleven songs, and a 48-minute musical film. The film, directed by Romain Winkler, was based on an idea from Jouno, depicting his work as a film actor and director.

paragraph: He was selected in 2017 by Fonds d'action et d'initiative rock (FAIR) as a new talent, and was able as in 2016 to perform a tour of France, with Angelo Foley as director and Agnès Imbault as keyboard player.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marvin Jouno official site

description: French singer and composer

wikidata_label: Marvin Jouno

wikipedia_title: Marvin Jouno


text:
House of Rapperswil
Reichsvogt
Wernher von Homberg
Johann von Habsburg-Laufenburg
Johann II
Rapperswil Castle
Rapperswil
House of Rapperswil
Rapperswil Castle
Einsiedeln Abbey
Obersee (Zürichsee)
Wernher von Homberg
Reichsvogt
Wettingen Abbey
"Johann I" von Habsburg-Laufenburg
St. Gallen Abbey
Urseren
Gotthard Pass
Vogt
Uri
Greifensee
Uster
Rapperswil Castle
Limmat Valley
Johann
Johann I
Grynau
Johann II
Rapperswil
House of Rapperswil
Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Johann II (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Roger Sablonier

wikipedia_title:
House of Rapperswil
Reichsvogt
Wernher von Homberg
Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Johann II (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Rapperswil Castle
Rapperswil
House of Rapperswil
Rapperswil Castle
Einsiedeln Abbey
Obersee (Zürichsee)
Wernher von Homberg
Reichsvogt
Wettingen Abbey
Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Abbey of Saint Gall
Urseren
Gotthard Pass
Reichsvogt
Canton of Uri
Greifensee
Uster Reformed Church
Rapperswil Castle
Limmat Valley
Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Grynau Castle
Johann II (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Rapperswil
House of Rapperswil
Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Johann II (Habsburg-Laufenburg)
Roger Sablonier

categories: Women of medieval Switzerland,13th-century women rulers,Swiss countesses,1261 births,1309 deaths,14th-century women rulers,Medieval Swiss nobility,House of Rapperswil,13th-century people of the Holy Roman Empire,People from Rapperswil-Jona,13th-century House of Habsburg

paragraph: Elisabeth von Rapperswil

paragraph: Elisabeth von Rapperswil (also "von Habsburg-Laufenburg", "von Homberg", born around 1251 or 1261; died 1309 probably in Rapperswil) was the last countess of the House of Rapperswil, and secured by her second marriage the female line of the Counts of Rapperswil and the extensive possessions of Rapperswil in the former "Zürichgau" to the Laufenburg line. Her son by first marriage was Reichsvogt Wernher von Homberg, and her oldest son by second marriage was Count Johann von Habsburg-Laufenburg who passed over the title of the count of Rapperswil to his oldest son Johann II and his brothers Rudolf and Gotfried.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Elisabeth von Rapperswil was born around 1251 or rather around 1261 AD presumably in the Rapperswil Castle in the medieval city of Rapperswil as the daughter of "Mechthild von Neifen" (d. 1267) and "Rudolf III von Vaz" (b. around 1230; d. 27 July 1262) whose mother "Adelheid" was a member of the House of Rapperswil. Rudolf called himself Count "Rudolf IV von Rapperswil" when the former count of the same name, "Rudolf III von Rapperswil" died in 1255. The noble pair had three children: "Vincent" died around 1260 at the age of three, "Rudolf V" (b. 1265; d. 15 January 1283) and Elisabeth.

paragraph: Sealed in a document by her father at the Rapperswil Castle on 10 January 1261, Rudolf confirmed that all fiefdom given by the Einsiedeln Abbey "outside Etzel", meaning beyond the mountain of the same name beginning on Obersee (Zürichsee) lake shore, descended to his daughter Elisabeth, the other lands to his wife Mechthild, excluded some feuds which namely were mentioned.

paragraph: Elisabeth married Count "Ludwig von Homberg" (d. 27 April 1289) around 1276, concluded from a document dated 1 May 1276 that "Rudolf von Rapperswil" (probably Elisabeth's brother) granted the income of the pastor of the "Spital" Rapperswil that was given by her father. The document was sealed by Ludwig von Homberg, Elisabeth and an attestor. Their son, Wernher von Homberg (b. 1284; d. 21 March 1320 in Genoa) was between 1309 and 1320 Reichsvogt of the Old Swiss Confederacy, and their daughter "Cecilia von Homberg" (b. probably before 1289; d. after 1320) became the abbess of the Oetenbach Nunnery.

paragraph: Section::::Countess of Rapperswil.

paragraph: Ludwig von Homberg was killed in the battle of Schlosshalde in 1289, and Elisabeth, now Countess of the Grafschaft Rapperswil, was forced to sell in 1290 all their rights and possessions, which the house had in Uri, to the Wettingen Abbey. On 28 November 1291 Countess Elizabeth concluded a three-year alliance with the city of Zürich against the Dukes of Austria-Habsburg. Countess Elisabeth was like her mother and father before, an ally of the city of Zürich, had the citizenship ("Burgrecht") of Zürich, and she was patron of the Oetenbach Nunnery situated there: Elisabeth's daughter "Cecilia von Homberg" was the prioress of the nunnery, promoted its further development, and her brother Wernher donated the "Our Lady Chapel" in 1320.

paragraph: From Elisabeth's second marriage to Count Rudolf of Habsburg-Laufenburg (d. 1315) in spring 1296, "Johann I" von Habsburg-Laufenburg, and probably by second marriage, "Rudolf, Ludwig and Clara" were born.

paragraph: Countess Elisabeth of Rapperswil seems to influenced decisively the fortunes of the county Rapperswil, and to have largely steered between 1289 and 1309. The male line of the family of Rapperswil ended in 1283 with the death of "Rudolf V", the underaged brother of Elisabeth. After his death, king Rudolf I of Habsburg handed over the fiefdom of Rapperswil to the St. Gallen Abbey. The archives of the Einsiedeln Abbey explained in the books of the professed abbots ("Professbuch der Äbte") these serious change in the balance of power of the Zürichgau; below some passages to the person of the Countess Elisabeth:

paragraph: So Rudolf I of Habsburg got in the possession of the bailiwick over the valley called Urseren, which controlled the strategical most important Gotthard Pass, and he also acted as Vogt of the Einsiedeln Abbey, rights held by the House of Rapperswil for centuries. In 1286, for financial reasons, the Countess Elisabeth had to sell her personal farm estate in Oberdürnten including the associated rights (in particular the lower courts) to the Rüti Abbey. In 1290 she sold the remaining property in Uri. Thus, Elisabeth joined forces in 1291 with the city of Zürich, probably directed against the main line of Rudolf of Habsburg-Austria. The Einsiedeln archives mention Elisabeth again, in connection with the transfer of the advocacies on Pfäffikon and in connection with the "Kastvogtei" about the Einsiedeln Abbey

paragraph: As sovereign, Elisabeth von Rapperswil signed many documents, settled differences or legal affairs, or gave rights to settlements, among them on 7 January 1300 the pledge of the reign Greifensee to the knight "Hermann II. von Landenberg". The pledge included the castle, the town and the lake of the same name, and a larger number of farms, along with supporting fields, meadows, forests and even the courtiers themselves. The corresponding lower and middle court rights and the pastoral rights ("Kirchrecht") in Uster which were held for centuries by the Rapperswil family, were also pledged. To 1303 Elisabeth divided the county Rapperswil, so that the possession devolved on the left bank of "Zürichsee" went to the descendants of Ludwig von Homberg, while the possession of the right bank remained the family of the Habsburg-Laufenburg (Alt-Rapperswil) line, against the will of king Albrecht.

paragraph: Section::::Death, burial and memento.

paragraph: Elisabeth von Rapperswil died probably on 10 April 1309 in the Rapperswil Castle and may have been buried in the "Wurmsbach" nunnery ("d.. Apr. IV. Idus: Elizabeth die Graffin, vnser Stiffterin. Excerpta ex Necromonast. Wurmspacensis") on "Obersee" lake shore. The graves of her younger brother Vinzenz and her mother were excavated in the nunnery, but Elisabeth's grave so far was not discovered.

paragraph: On 24 February 1310 ("Sexta Kal. Martii.") Graf Rudolf transferred "to his parents, his late wife Elisabeth and his own salvation's sake", the patronage of the church in Dietikon with the presentation right in the chapels of Urdorf and Spreitenbach to the Wettingen Abbey in the Limmat Valley. On 23 March 1310 ("X. Kal. April. Ind. Vili.") Gebhard, provost of Strassburg, authenticated as "vicar in temporalibus" of the Bishop Gerhard of Konstanz that Count Rudolf and Johann, his son, "to enlarge the spiritual welfare of their ancestors and the wife Elisabeth, with his permission" to grant to the church Jonen in Rapperswil, whose feudal law belongs to the Counts, a "resident priest donated for Sundays and public holidays" (benefice, in German: "Pfründe"). Sealed have Propst Gebhard, Count Rudolf, for himself and his son (who has no seal) and (at the request of the Counts) Abbot Joh. V. Einsiedeln and the mayor of the city Rapperswil.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: After the death of Count Rudolf von Habsburg-Laufenburg the inheritance of the Rapperswil possessions and rights went to Elisabeth's son "Johann I" (b. around 1295/97; d. 21 September 1337 in the battle of Grynau), then to his son, "Johann II" (b. around 1330; d. 1380) of Habsburg-Laufenburg. Johann I and his son Johann II supported the opposition, around 20 former council members of Zürich, against Rudolf Brun, since 1336 the self-style mayor of the city. An uprising in Zürich failed in 1350, and the city of Rapperswil and the Rapperswil and Altendorf castles of the House of Rapperswil were widely destroyed by Brun's troops. Count Johann II was arrested in Zürich for two years, and Johann and his younger brothers had to sell most of the remaining property to the Dukes of Austria to rebuild the ruins.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Rapperswil

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann II (Habsburg-Laufenburg)

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erwin Eugster: "Adlige Territorialpolitik in der Ostschweiz. Kirchliche Stiftungen im Spannungsfeld früher landesherrlicher Verdrängungspolitik". Zürich 1991, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger Sablonier: "Gründungszeit ohne Eidgenossen: Politik und Gesellschaft in der Innerschweiz um 1300". hier + jetzt, Baden 2008, .

wikidata_label: Elisabeth von Rapperswil

wikipedia_title: Elisabeth von Rapperswil


text:
Fifeshire
Woolwich
Addiscombe
Bengal Engineers
Third Anglo-Maratha War
Dhamoni
Narmada River
Madhya Pradesh
John Doveton
John Malcolm
Asirgarh
Burma
First Anglo-Burmese War
Punjab
Siege of Multan
Hugh Gough
Battle of Gujrat
Second Anglo-Sikh War
1838 Coronation Honours
Second Anglo-Burmese War
Henry Godwin
Pegu
Tenasserim
East India Company
Isle of Wight
Ventnor

wikipedia_title:
Fife
Woolwich
Addiscombe
Bengal Engineer Group
Third Anglo-Maratha War
Dhamoni
Narmada River
Madhya Pradesh
John Doveton
John Malcolm
Asirgarh Fort
Myanmar
First Anglo-Burmese War
Punjab
Siege of Multan
Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough
Battle of Gujrat
Second Anglo-Sikh War
1838 Coronation Honours
Second Anglo-Burmese War
Henry Godwin (Army officer)
Bago Region
Tanintharyi Region
East India Company
Isle of Wight
Ventnor

categories: 1792 births,British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Burmese War,People from Fife,British military personnel of the First Anglo-Burmese War,British East India Company Army generals,1875 deaths,Alumni of Addiscombe Military Seminary,Bengal Engineers officers

paragraph: John Cheape

paragraph: General Sir John Cheape (5 October 1792 – 30 March 1875) was a Scottish general in the British Army in South Asia.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The son of John Cheape of Rossie, Fifeshire, he was educated at Woolwich and Addiscombe, and entered the Bengal Engineers as a second lieutenant on 3 November 1809. He first served in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, and was present at the sieges of Dhamoni and Mondela in 1815 and 1816. He next served with the Narmada River field force under Colonel Adams in 1817 (in what is now Madhya Pradesh); and under John Doveton and John Malcolm in 1818, he was present at the siege of Asirgarh. He was promoted captain on 1 March 1821.

paragraph: In 1824 Cheape was ordered to Burma, and served through the three campaigns of the First Anglo-Burmese War. Then for more than two decades he was employed in civil engineering. His promotion, however, went on, and he became major in 1830, lieutenant-colonel in 1834, and colonel in 1844. In 1848 Cheape happened to be employed in the Punjab when the Siege of Multan was being planned. He was appointed chief engineer, and ran the operations which led to the fall of the fortress. He then joined the army under Hugh Gough. He directed the artillery fire in the Battle of Gujrat, the decisive moment in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Gough mentioned his services in his despatches, and Cheape was made a C.B. in the 1838 Coronation Honours and an "aide-de-camp" to the queen.

paragraph: When the Second Anglo-Burmese War broke out in 1852, Cheape was made a brigadier-general and appointed second in command to General Henry Godwin. As before, English commanders underestimated their opponents, and Myat-thoon inflicted defeats on them. In February 1853, Cheape took over command and invaded Pegu. He was successful and concluded the war, with the provinces of Pegu and Tenasserim annexed to the territories of the East India Company.

paragraph: Cheape was made a K.C.B. in 1849, received a medal and clasp and was promoted to major-general on 20 June 1854. He then left India after a service of 46 years. He established himself in the Isle of Wight. Promoted lieutenant-general on 24 May 1859, and general on 6 December 1866, and made a G.C.B. in 1865. He died at Old Park, Ventnor, on 30 March 1875.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Cheape married in 1835 Amelia, daughter of T. Chicheley Plowden of the Bengal civil service.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

description: Scottish general in South Asia

wikidata_label: John Cheape

wikipedia_title: John Cheape


text:
Auschwitz
Roman Catholic
Venerable
Attendorn
Olpe district
Westphalia
German Empire
Weimar Republic
Finnentrop
Mötz
Austria
Gestapo
beatification
venerable
Pope Francis
heroic virtue

wikipedia_title:
Auschwitz concentration camp
Catholic Church
The Venerable
Attendorn
Olpe (district)
Westphalia
German Empire
Weimar Republic
Finnentrop
Mötz
Austria
Gestapo
Beatification
The Venerable
Pope Francis
Heroic virtue

categories: German people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp,German nuns,1900 births,1944 deaths,German Servants of God,Trinitarians

paragraph: Angela Maria Autsch

paragraph: Angela Maria of the Heart of Jesus, also called Angela Maria Autsch, baptized as Maria Cecilia Autsch (Röllecken, 26 March 1900 – Auschwitz, 23 December 1944), was a German Trinitarian Sister of Valencia, and Roman Catholic Venerable.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Maria Cecilia Autsch was born in Röllecken, part of Attendorn in the Olpe district of (Westphalia), German Empire on March 26, 1900. She was a member of a modest working-class family (her father was a quarry worker) that regularly practised the Catholic faith. She went to school in the village of Bamenohl. The terrible economic situation in the Weimar Republic meant that she had to go out to work in the clothing store Bischoff & Broegger in Finnentrop, where she was popular amongst both fellow workers and customers

paragraph: Maria was thirty-three years old when she joined the Trinitarian Sisters of Valencia in Mötz, Austria. She began the novitiate and was given the name Angela Maria of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The novitiate ended with the first profession of vows on August 16, 1934. Her final profession took place on September 28, 1938, the year Hitler annexed Austria.

paragraph: On the morning of August 10, 1940, Sr Angela went to buy some milk. She happened to meet some women she knew and, conversing with them, she related that the Allies had sunk a German ship off Norway and many had died in that disaster. She ended saying "Hitler is a calamity for Europe". One of the women, known as a Nazi sympathizer related to her son, also a Nazi sympathizer, what she had heard from Sr. Angela. He reported the fact to the chief of the Gestapo.

paragraph: The Gestapo opened a file on Sr. Angela and on August 12, 1940. She was jailed for seventeen days in Innsbruck before becoming prisoner no. 4651 in the concentration camp of Ravensbrück (August 31, 1940), after saying in a dairy that "Hitler is a scourge for all Europe" arrested her, dragging her out of the convent and sending her to the women's camp at Ravensbruck. There she was a light of hope and courage to her fellow inmates. "Maria, stop your ears. Don't let yourself be overcome. Think about a better day and hold on to what is better!" She was frequently beaten by her captors but her contagious good humor was "a ray of sunshine in deepest Hell". Some prisoners who might have killed themselves were inspired by her, they said afterwards, even those who had no idea that she was a nun.

paragraph: The Nazis sent Sr. Angela to Auschwitz where she befriended a Jewish woman doctor from Slovakia, Margarita Schwalbova. Feeling depressed and less than human, she was deeply moved when the nun went up to her and gently stroked her hair. Although Schwalbova was an atheist, she and Sister Angela became friends, with the latter acting in a way that earned her the title "Angel of Auschwitz". When Schwalbova was sick, she told her stories about the lives and miracles of the saints, shared her meager rations with her and others even though this was strictly forbidden. In March 1943, Sister Angela was transferred to Birkenau another camp where she worked in the kitchen and infirmary, caring equally for inmates and persecutors. She died on December 23, 1944 during an Allied air raid whilst taking care of patients and her body was cremated just a month before the Allies liberated the camp.

paragraph: Her cause for beatification was introduced by the Conference of Austrian Bishops on March 26, 1992. She was declared venerable by Pope Francis on May 19, 2018 upon the confirmation of her heroic virtue practiced during her life.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthony O. D'Errico,"The Trinitarians", Roma, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaston Vélez de Mendizabal: "Verzehrendes Feuer: Sr. Angela Maria Autsch, der Engel von Auschwitz", Maria Roggendorf, 1997

description: German nun

wikidata_label: Angela Maria Autsch

wikipedia_title: Angela Maria Autsch


text:
Canadian
Toronto
MuchMusic
Detroit
storytelling
Now Magazine
RCRD LBL
computer
Björk
The Pixies
The Ramones
Madonna
Dragonette

categories: Musicians from Toronto,Musical groups from Toronto,Canadian electronic musicians,Musical groups established in 2005,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Eightcubed

paragraph: Eightcubed is a Canadian electronic singer-songwriter and producer from Toronto, Ontario. His debut album, "Simple Dance", was released in 2006 by Abstract Core Records. In 2008, "Heart Invaders" was released with a music video directed by computer animator Dan Swan and nationally aired on MuchMusic throughout 2008 to 2011. In 2009, he released "City Life", an EP that received popular acclaim for its low-fi and retro- futuristic sound, heard in songs such as "Promise Me" and "The Island of Purple Waterfall". Another music video for the single "Enter Light" followed in 2011 with video animation by Andrea Simone. In a Detroit radio interview, Eightcubed explained the importance of the storytelling found in his music. In 2013, he released "Sheath & Beyond EP", with the hit single "Divine Money", launching him into the Top 10 of many North American radio stations. He has been featured in Now Magazine, RCRD LBL and independent blogs.

paragraph: Section::::Musical style.

paragraph: Eightcubed's musical style has been described as "fantastical, mesmerizing, strangely addictive, innovative, retro-futuristic and whimsical". In early 2007, "Cue Mix Magazine" proclaimed that his sound was "fascinating and groundbreaking". Eightcubed has stated that he leaves his musical writing to be defined by critics and that his most ardent instrument is the computer.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Remixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Björk "Aurora" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Pixies "Wave of Mutilation" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Ramones "Blitzkrig Bop" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madonna "Another Suitcase" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dragonette "Let it Go" (2012)

paragraph: Section::::Videography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heart Invaders" (2008) (directed by Dan Swan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enter Light" (2011) (animation by Andrea Simone)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

description: Canadian electronic musician

wikidata_label: Eightcubed

wikipedia_title: Eightcubed


text: contemporary artist

text: Paramakudi

text: Madurai

text: Tamil Nadu

text: University of Madras

text: Charles Wallace India Trust Award

text: Lalit Kala Akademi

text: Scotland

text: Lalit Kala Akademi

text: India

text: Tamil Nadu

text: India

text: Chennai

text: India

text: Government Museum

text: Chennai

text: Government Museum

text: Lalit Kala Akademi

text: Lalit Kala Akademi

text: Lalit Kala Akademi

categories: Indian multimedia artists,Indian contemporary painters,New media artists,People from Madurai district,1975 births,Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai alumni,Living people,Artists from Chennai

paragraph: Nagasamy Ramachandran

paragraph: Nagasamy Ramachandran (born 1975) is a contemporary artist born in Paramakudi, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, Received his bachelor's degree (distinction) and master's degree in painting and printmaking from the Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai, University of Madras in 1999. To enhance his technical skill he undertook a course on Care of museum objects at Chennai Museum in 2005. He went to Edinburgh on a Visiting Artist Scholar to Scotland to learn Photo-polymer Etching at Edinburg printmakers in 2006. In 2008 he went to Edinburg College of Arts on Charles Wallace India Trust Award, to learn Glass making a special course BA (hons.). Other than these international credits he has received important national and state awards.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: 2011 Audi Ritz icon Award,Chennai.

paragraph: 2008-09 Charles Wallace India trust Award. Visiting Scholar to UK.Charles Wallace India Trust Award

paragraph: 2008 National Academy Award for 50th National exhibition of Art, Lalit Kala Akademi.

paragraph: 2006 Edinburgh Printmakers Visiting Artist Award, Scotland.

paragraph: 2002–2003 Junior Fellowship – Indian Department of Tourism & Culture.

paragraph: 2000-2001 Lalit Kala Akademi - Scholarship for Young Artist, India.

paragraph: 2000 Ovia Nunkalai Kuzhu, one man show Grant, Tamil Nadu, India.

paragraph: 1998 Tamil Nadu Ovia Nunkalai Kuzhu award, Chennai.India

paragraph: 1995 All India Crafts & Folk Festival South Zone Cultural center, at Government Museum Campus, Chennai.

paragraph: 1992 Certificate of merit from Government Museum, Madurai.

paragraph: Section::::Camps and workshops participated.

paragraph: 2008 'mansoon artists’ camp organized by apparao gallery, chochin.

paragraph: 2007 All India artists’ camp organized by Lalit Kala Akademi, Lonavla.

paragraph: 2006 Edinburgh mela- intercontinental art camp, Edinburgh printmakers. Scotland

paragraph: 2003 Interactive camp with Traditional papier-Mâché Artist and contemporary Artist organized by Silparamam- and Lalit Kala Akademi, Hyderabad.

paragraph: 2003 Traditional Kerala Mural painting workshop organised by N.F.S.C & G.C.A.C. Chennai.

paragraph: 2002 Traditional & Folk painters camp, for children book Illustration organized by N.B.T& Dastkari Haat Samiti.

paragraph: 2000 Workshop in Print making conducted by Mr. Paul Coldwell at L.K.A. Chennai.

paragraph: 1997 Young artist advanced lithography camp at Lalit Kala Akademi, Chennai.

paragraph: 1995 All India Crafts & Folk Festival South Zone Cultural Centre, Thanjavur at Government Museum Campus, Chennai.

paragraph: 1991 Workshop conducted by Tamil Nadu Ovia Nunkalai Kuzhu- Kodaikanal.

paragraph: 1989–1991 Workshop at Government museum, Madurai.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.thehindu.com/arts/art/article1146585.ece?sms_ss=facebook&at_xt=4d48bd77f8e68b0b%2C0

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20110105114112/http://epaper.financialexpress.com/FE/FE/2011/01/02/index.shtml

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://hindu.com/2010/08/26/stories/2010082650710200.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.apparaogalleries.com/index.php apparao art gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.bindu-art.at/system/norm_layout.php?domain=1&new_lang=8 http://www.bindu-art.at/system/norm_layout.php?domain=1&new_lang=8

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.eca.ac.uk/index.php?id=1132

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.thehindu.com/arts/art/article56304.ece

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://artconcerns.net/2007feb1/html/delhi_sketchbook.htm

description: Indian artist

wikidata_label: Nagasamy Ramachandran

wikipedia_title: Nagasamy Ramachandran


text:
Khorostkiv
bandurist
Master of Education
University of Sydney
Australian Institute of Music
Kiev Conservatory
Latvia
SBS Radio and Television
Musica Viva Australia
laureate
Brussels

categories: Australian Institute of Music faculty,Bandurists,Living people,Australian people of Ukrainian descent

paragraph: Larissa Burak

paragraph: Larissa Burak (; born 1968 Khorostkiv, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian-Australian bandurist and mezzo-soprano singer, concert musician, soloist, and choir conductor who lives in Sydney, Australia. Since completing her Master of Education at the University of Sydney Larissa now teaches classical music and bandura at the Australian Institute of Music.

paragraph: Section::::Studies and career.

paragraph: Larissa completed her master's degree in Music at the Kiev Conservatory in Ukraine in 1992. She has performed in numerous festivals in Ukraine and Western Europe, including Latvia, Estonia, Germany and France. She has recorded with the SBS Radio and Television in Australia, to which she relocated, and has appeared in numerous venues there. Musica Viva Australia, Cafe Carnivale. Among her more notable performances, in 1993 she was a laureate of the all-Ukrainian Bandura Festival and in 1994 played the bandura in Brussels with at the “All the World's Violins” Festival. She has led workshops in singing and music at the Sydney Children's choir.

description: Australian musician

wikidata_label: Larissa Burak

wikipedia_title: Larissa Burak


text: Nuevo Leon

text: Coahuila

text: Texas

text: New Mexico

text: Santa María de Grado

text: Asturias

text: Spain

text: noble

text: Knight of Santiago

text: Treasury

text: Guadalajara

text: Sonora

text: Nuevo Leon

text: Coahuila

text: governor

text: Spanish Texas

text: Antonio de Olivares

text: governor

text: New Mexico

text: Viceroy

text: New Spain

text: Apaches

text: Navajos

text: Pueblos

text: Albuquerque

text: Santa Cruz

text: Tanos

text: Mexico City

categories: Colonial governors of Santa Fe de New Mexico,1714 deaths,1690s in Mexico,1690s in Texas,1700s in Mexico,Asturian people,1615 births,Governors of Coahuila,Governors of Spanish Texas

paragraph: Francisco Cuervo y Valdés

paragraph: Francisco Cuervo y Valdés (1651–1714) was a Spanish politician who ruled Nuevo Leon, Coahuila (1698–1703), Texas (1698–1702) and New Mexico (1704–1707).

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Cuervo y Valdés was born on June 16, 1651, in Santa María de Grado (in Asturias, Spain). His family was of noble background. Cuervo y Valdes was a Knight of Santiago and a Treasury official in Guadalajara. He emigrated to Americas in 1678.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: There, he was infantry captain and lieutenant governor in Sonora. In 1698, Cuervo served also as lieutenant governor of Nuevo Leon and Coahuila (both located in the modern Mexico). He served also as the third governor of Spanish Texas from 1698 to 1702.

paragraph: Under his administration, a series of missions were founded: On October 26 of that year, Cuervo y Valdés (with Friar Francisco Portoles) founded the mission San Antonio Galindo Moctezuma. On 18 December of that year, the mission of Valle de San Bartolome de Jesus (which more late was named "Santísimo Nombre de Jesus de los Peyotes") was founded by the Sergeant Mayor Diego Ramón. On June 24, 1699, the mission of San Juan Bautista and the valle of Santo Domingo, near Sabina River, were founded. In 1700 the mission of San Francisco de Solano was founded by Antonio de Olivares. The mission of San Bernardo began in 1703.

paragraph: However, in 1704, Cuervo was appointed acting governor of New Mexico by the Viceroy of New Spain, Don Francisco Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez, Duke of Alburquerque. Thus, Cuervo y Valdés had to leave the government of Coahuila, taking office on March 10, 1705.

paragraph: Arriving in the province, Cuervo y Valdés found that social and political conditions in the area were very poor. The continuing war between the Apaches and Navajos against the settlers and Pueblos (who were allies of the Spanish), as well as their common assault on the peoples of the province had created those problems. Cuervo y Valdes led troops against Apaches, but the number of soldiers was very small to defend whole territory. So, he sent a letter to the Viceroy asking for reinforcements, but he did not attend the request. Shortly after, he asked help the Puebloans, who accepted join to his troops. The soldiers needed clothing and supplies. The governor asked the viceroy for weapons, ammunition and clothing. However, the viceroy sent only a small amount of weapons and ammunition to New Mexico.

paragraph: On April 23, 1706, Cuervo y Valdés founded "La Villa Real de San Francisco de Alburquerque" (formally Albuquerque) and named the town in honor of the Viceroy. Cuervo y Valdés ordered that a Spanish garrison be established in the city, and it was inhabited by thirty or thirty-five families. The families settled in a piece of land located along the Rio Grande.

paragraph: Cuervo y Valdés refounded several areas in New Mexico, including Santa Maria de Galisteo (formerly known as Santa Cruz), which was populated by about eighteen families from Tanos. He left office in 1707.

paragraph: Cuervo y Valdés died in Mexico City in 1714.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Mexico State Record Center and Archives

description: Spanish colonial governor

wikidata_label: Francisco Cuervo y Valdés

wikipedia_title: Francisco Cuervo y Valdés


text:
post-bop
hard-bop
free-jazz
avant-garde music
Istanbul, Turkey
Jethro Tull
Ian Anderson
flute
Uri Teplitz
Berklee College of Music
Albert Ayler
Coltrane
Cecil Taylor
Art Ensemble of Chicago
from Columbia Records
Earsay's Jazz
Gabriel Meyer
Hagai Fershtman
Yoni Silver
Yiftach Kadan
Hamid Drake
William Parker
Peacemaker
Peacemaker
Peacemaker, the album dedicated webpage
Albert Beger's Official Webpage
Albert Beger in All About Jazz

paragraph: Albert Beger

paragraph: Albert Beger (born 1959) is a saxophonist, flutist and an academy lecturer from Israel. Beger is a composer in the fields of post-bop, hard-bop, free-jazz and avant-garde music.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Albert Beger was born in the city of Istanbul, Turkey, in 1959 and immigrated to Israel with his parents when he was three years old.

paragraph: From an early age, he was exposed to the cultural fusion in the new born state of Israel, a mixture of Eastern-Europe, Western-Europe and Arabic food, clothes and music.

paragraph: In his youth, he was mainly listening to the pop/rock music of the sixties, and got carried away in the prog-rock wave of early seventies.

paragraph: Upon listening to Jethro Tull's music for the first time, and hearing Ian Anderson's flute - Albert was immediately attracted to the sound that was produced by the instrument and during his army service he got himself a flute and started learning the instrument by himself.

paragraph: Post his army service, Albert studied classical music with legendary Israeli flutist Uri Teplitz, while discovering the tenor saxophone in the age of 25-26. According to Albert, the flute couldn't carry the energy that he wanted to produce and the tenor fitted right for this need.

paragraph: At the age of 27, Albert received a scholarship from Berklee College of Music in Boston and went to study in the prestigious institute for three years.

paragraph: This is time when he was introduced with the more free shapes of jazz, and was introduced to the music of Albert Ayler, Coltrane, Cecil Taylor and Art Ensemble of Chicago.

paragraph: In 1995 Albert released his debut album "The Primitive", a collection of early compositions that gathered together to make a surprising debut.

paragraph: "This Life" followed in 1997 and was released in Israel by the biggest record label in the country NMC records, and got a distribution deal from Columbia Records.

paragraph: "Art Of The Moment" followed in 2000, featuring Menachem Zibziner on Guitars, Gabi Meir on Bass and Amir David on drums.

paragraph: In 2003, a turning point in Albert’s career, he was signed to the new label Earsay's Jazz, by producer Yossi Acchoti, with a request to follow Albert for future albums to come.

paragraph: With Earsay's Jazz, Albert released "Hevel Havalim" in 2003, with his new trio (including Gabriel Meyer on bass and Hagai Fershtman on drums), and "Listening" in 2004 with his quintet (the former album trio augmented by Yoni Silver on alt saxophone and bass clarinet, and Yiftach Kadan on guitar).

paragraph: In 2005, Albert received his first formal recognition from the country, when he won the Landau Award for Performing Arts.

paragraph: In a jazz festival that year in Tel Aviv, Albert shared the stage with two of the most dominant figures in the free jazz world – Hamid Drake (drums) and William Parker (bass).

paragraph: Albert, Drake and Parker, booked a studio session and recorded couple of Albert’s compositions, and the session was released in a two volume album called "Evolving Silence" (released 2005 and 2006).

paragraph: In 2008, Albert had released his eight album "Big Mother". Big Mother dealt with the topic of ecology and the danger human beings cause the planet. This album was the first to include a pianist (played by Aviran Ben Naim).

paragraph: The year after, Albert received Israel’s highest honor for musicians, the prestigious Prime Minister’s Award for Composers.

paragraph: In 2010, Albert had signed a record deal with the relatively new label Anova Music, and released "Peacemaker", a six piece conceptual suit.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Primitive (1995)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Life (1997)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art Of The Moment (2000)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hevel Havalim (2003)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Listening (2004)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Evolving Silence, Vol. 1 (2005)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Evolving Silence, Vol. 2 (2006)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big Mother (2008)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peacemaker (2010)"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peacemaker, the album dedicated webpage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Beger's Official Webpage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Beger in All About Jazz

description: saxophonist

wikidata_label: Albert Beger

wikipedia_title: Albert Beger


text:
Major League Baseball
outfielder
Boston Beaneaters
National League
catcher
Louisville Colonels
American Association

categories: Major League Baseball catchers,Syracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players,1864 births,Evansville Hoosiers players,Acid Iron Earths players,Baseball players from Indiana,1919 deaths,Sioux City Corn Huskers players,Boston Beaneaters players,19th-century baseball players,St. Joseph Clay Eaters players,Louisville Colonels players,Nashville Americans players,Major League Baseball outfielders,Sportspeople from Evansville, Indiana

paragraph: Al Schellhase

paragraph: Albert Herman Schellhase (September 13, 1864 – January 3, 1919) was a Major League Baseball player. He was primarily an outfielder with the Boston Beaneaters of the National League in 1890 and played catcher for the 1891 Louisville Colonels of the American Association.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Al Schellhase

wikipedia_title: Al Schellhase


text:
Shia
Ayatollah
Pakistan
Punjab
Pakistan
Lahore
Multan
Iran
Grand Ayatollahs
ayatollah
Seoul
South Korea
Persian
AhleBait TV
Molana Hashim Raza Ghadiri
Urdu
Arabic
English
Punjabi

categories: Sharia judges,Pakistani ayatollahs,Punjabi people,1952 births,Pakistani Muslims,Pakistani Shia Muslims,Living people

paragraph: Hassan Raza Ghadeeri

paragraph: Ayatollah Hassan Raza Ghadiri (born 1952) is a famous Shia scholar and Ayatollah (mujtahid) of Pakistan. His father, Mufti Muzammil Hussain Meesmi, was the first Mufti of Punjab.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Grand Ayatollah Hassan Raza Ghadiri was born in Pakistan and studied in various locations including Lahore, Multan, and Ali-Pur. He later travelled to Iran and completed his studies at the hands of various Grand Ayatollahs, including Fazil Lankarani, Mar'ashi Najafi, Al-Gulpaigaani, Jawadi Al-Amuli and others, he has his unique style of lecture and teaching that his speeches were aired on many national media platforms to help the communities to live peacefully.

paragraph: In 2007 became the first Shia ayatollah to receive the title of Ambassador of Peace from the World Federation of Peace (USA). He attended and spoke at the world peace meeting in Seoul, South Korea.

paragraph: Ayatollah Ghadiri is UK's top Shia Cleric and famous for his knowledge, kindness and his down-to-earth attitude.

paragraph: Section::::Social activities.

paragraph: Ayatollah Hassan Raza Ghadiri is now the head or a member of many organisations to work for social welfare and peace in community and respect of national law. some of them are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shia Sharia Council (UK),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Ghadeer Educational Trust (UK),

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Council For Peace And Justice (UK),

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Organization For The Preservation Of Holy Places (UK),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Ghadeer Foundation LHR,

paragraph: Section::::Lectures.

paragraph: Ayatollah Ghadiri has served the nation around the globe, he has given lectures in Pakistan, India, United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Norway, Italy, Spain, United States, Canada and throughout the UK.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Ayatollah Hassan Raza Ghadiri has written more than 90 books in various languages including Urdu, Arabic, Persian and English.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Books written.

paragraph: Some of his famous books are named as:

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Urdu Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tareekh -e- Jannat -ul- Baquee,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suraj Badilon Ki Ouut Say,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ali Mola,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saheefa -e- Ali,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maktab -e- Ahlul Bait (a.s),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saheefa -e- Panjjtan,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tohfa -tul- Momineen,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jahad Aur Dehshat Gardi,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kalaam-e-Imam (as),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zainab Zainab Hai,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jaam -e- Ghaddir,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hussain Maira,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zanjeer -e- Hayat,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maktab -e- Ahlebait (as)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wafaq Islami Deniyat,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Baquee Al-Munawwar,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charaagh -e- Adab,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tohfatul Abrar,

paragraph: BULLET::::- An-Nijaat,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tafseer Surah Fatiha,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parishaan Na Hon,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walidain Ke Haqooq,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taleem e Ahkaam,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Science Se Khuda Ki Pehchaan Tak,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saheefa -e- Panjtan (as)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minhaj ul Hussain (as)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tafseer Khutba -e- Ghadeer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zikr -e- Hussain, and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zinda Tehreerain.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Arabic Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wamazaatil Basmallah (Tasfeer of Bismillah)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ash-Shifaau Fi Turbatil Hussain (as) – (Cure in the Sand of Imam Hussain – Khak e Shifa)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Arbaeen Fazaail Ameer ul Momineen (as),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahaadis -e- Nourania,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kitaab ul Miraas,

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Arabic Books Commentary (Ta'leqaat).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyat Takleef,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Touqeet,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Mawasilaat,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Khidmat,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Tarheeb,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Jumma,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Jenin,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Tajweed,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Waqf,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Aashura,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Aal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Jineen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Sujood,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Salat,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Istinsaakh,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shariyyat Irhaab,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mutatlibat Al-Ummah,

paragraph: He has also written several books in Arabic, including "Wamzatun Min Wamazaat Al- Basmalah", "Al-Arbaeen Fi Manaaqib Ameer Al-Momineen", "Tohfa -tul- Abrar", and "Arabic Language Course" (6 Volumes), and several books in Persian, including "Nizaam Siyasi Islam and "Imam Ali – Algoi Barai Jahan -e- Bashariyyat".

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Meezan (Tafseer Al- Qiran) (20 Volumes)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zainab Zainab Hai

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tafseer Sura-e-Fatiha

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Poetry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hussain Maira

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jaam -e- Ghadir

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zanjeer -e- Hayyat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ali Nahin To Kuchh Nahin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harf -e- Ehsaas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mohsin -e- Millat

paragraph: Section::::Magazines and articles.

paragraph: Ayatollah Hassan Raza Ghadiri is the head of many International Magazines worldwide, and he has written hundreds of articles on various topics. The relevant magazines are listed below.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Ghadeer (Pakistan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Aasaar (London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paigham-e-Nijaat (Germany)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aagaahi (London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raaz-e-Dill(Persian – London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4u(English – London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daily Jang(London – Pakistan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daily Nawa -i- Waqt (Pakistan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daily Pakistan (Pakistan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Muntazar (Pakistan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Rai Al-Aakhar(Arabic – London)

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: Ayatollah Hassan Raza Ghadiri has been awarded with many honors by various worldwide organizations and institutes, including those listed below.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ambassador of Peace

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peace Assembly Member (London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairmanship of World Shia Foundation (UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairmanship of Islamic Council (UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairmanship of Azadari Council (UK)

paragraph: Section::::Organizations.

paragraph: Ayatollah Hassan Raza Ghadiri is the founder or most senior member of the international organizations, including the Azadari Council (UK), Islamic Judiciary Council (UK), WOPHP (UK), World Council For Peace And Justice (UK), and Al-Ghadir Trust (Pakistan)

paragraph: Section::::TV channel.

paragraph: The Shia TV channel "AhleBait TV" began transmission from 1 August 2009 on Sky channel 836. Ayatollah Ghadiri is the founder of Ahlebait TV.

paragraph: Section::::His son Moulana Hashim Raza Ghadiri.

paragraph: Of his sons, Molana Hashim Raza Ghadiri, is also a religious scholar and was famous even in his youth as he was a talented individual who could speak and write Urdu, Arabic, English, Punjabi and Saraiki. He studied in Najaf under the supervision of Ayatullah Uzma Hafiz Bashir Hussain Najafi from 2004 to 2008.

paragraph: He is a favorite scholar due to his peace activities and defensive lectures for his Faith. He was awarded as "Youth Peace Symbol" by Brixton University London, and he is a member of British Peace Assembly UK.

paragraph: He held the community record for attracting the largest crowds to his lectures during the last year Moharram held in Bradford Hussainia Islamic Centre. Officials said the average attendance surpassed 2000 men and women everyday. According to unofficial sources the number reached 2400.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://archive.upf.org/news/field/asia/AsiaQ1/index.php?report_id=311&event_id=53

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.madinatulilm.org (for Videos)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.ghadeeri.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://al-askariyyain.com/protest/page3.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://shiasharia.com

description: Pakistani ayatollah

wikidata_label: Hassan Raza Ghadeeri

wikipedia_title: Hassan Raza Ghadeeri


text:
The Queen's College, Oxford
Philippa of Hainault
Eaglesfield
Cockermouth
Cumberland
Sir Anthony Lucy
Renwick
Cumberland
Cumberland
parliament
Brough
Westmorland
Queen Philippa's
The Queen's College, Oxford
Queen
King
Cumberland
Westmorland

categories: 1295 births,Founders of English schools and colleges,1349 deaths

paragraph: Robert de Eglesfield

paragraph: Robert de Eglesfield (c.1295-1349), 1341 founder of The Queen's College, Oxford, and a chaplain of Queen Philippa of Hainault in whose honour he named the college.

paragraph: Robert was the third son of John of Eglesfield and Beatrix. John was himself third son of Thomas of Eglesfield and Hawisa. Their family held lands in and near Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth in Cumberland. Robert is recorded, aged about 21, as a valettus or yeoman in the service of Sir Anthony Lucy, lord of Cockermouth.

paragraph: In the next few years he acquired lands in Middlesex, which in February 1328 he exchanged for the manor of Renwick, Cumberland.

paragraph: Section::::King's clerk.

paragraph: He appears in April 1328 serving as member for Cumberland in the parliament which met at Northampton. By 1331 he is recorded as a king's clerk and thereafter remained in royal service but only on minor administrative duties. There is no record of a marriage or children.

paragraph: Section::::Ordination.

paragraph: There is no evidence that he took a degree or studied anywhere. To provide income he had been admitted to the rectory of Brough, Westmorland in July 1332 though he was not ordained a priest until February 1333 and did not permanently reside in his parish.

paragraph: Section::::Hall of the Queen's scholars of Oxford.

paragraph: Robert was one of Queen Philippa's chaplains in 1340 and next year founded what became known as The Queen's College, Oxford, purchasing the site from his own funds and adding to that gift his manor of Renwick. Having taken on the headship, he is named as Provost in deeds dated January and September 1347, he is known to have lived there during half of 1348 but he seems to have died elsewhere on 31 May 1349. His remains were interred in the chapel as he requested, but interment may not have taken place until some years after his death. The Queen and King assisted in the establishment of a modest endowment.

paragraph: Not forgetting the 'devastated state, poverty and lack of letters' of the men of Cumberland and Westmorland from which he came, he asked for preference to be given to them, expecting few candidates, and to his own kin.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Queen's College", by John Richard Magrath, Provost, Clarendon Press, 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

description: Chaplain and founder of The Queen's College, Oxford,

wikidata_label: Robert de Eglesfield

wikipedia_title: Robert de Eglesfield


text:
World War II
V-2 rocket
Wernher von Braun
Soviet rocketry
Sergei Korolev
West Germany
data processing system
computer science
smart card
access control
Nazi Party
Technical University of Berlin
thesis
Hans Geiger
Geiger counter
Manfred von Ardenne
V-2 rocket
Peenemünde Army Research Center
Walter Dornberger
Wernher von Braun
Ernst Steinhoff
SD
Klaus Riedel
Himmler
Gestapo
Stettin
World War II
Soviet rocketry
Bleicherode
Soviet Occupation Zone
Sergei Korolev
Boris Chertok
Dmitry Ustinov
gyroscope
inertial navigation system
Operation Osoaviakhim
Gorodomlya Island
Soviet rocketry
Kapustin Yar
launching
failure cause
Dmitriy Ustinov
A9/A10 long range missile
Vostok 1
Yuri Gagarin
British Intelligence
American Intelligence
Fritz Karl Preikschat
West Germany
U.S. Air Force
East Germany
Cologne
West Germany
Sputnik 1
Standard Elektrik Lorenz
Pforzheim
data processing system
data processing
logistics
Quelle's
Siemens & Halske
patent application
smart card
Jürgen Dethloff
patent
Giesecke & Devrient
counterfeit money
Space Race
History of Gorodomlya Island
Grottrup @ Astronautix.com

categories: German inventors,German rocket scientists,German expatriates in the Soviet Union,Smart cards,1981 deaths,1916 births,German physicists,German aerospace engineers,V-weapons people

paragraph: Helmut Gröttrup

paragraph: Helmut Gröttrup (12 February 1916 – 4 July 1981) was a German engineer, rocket scientist and inventor of the smart card. During the World War II he worked in the German V-2 rocket program under Wernher von Braun. From 1946 to 1953 he headed a group of 170 German scientists who forcibly worked for the Soviet rocketry program under Sergei Korolev. After returning to West Germany in December 1953, he developed data processing systems and contributed to early commercial applications of computer science. In 1967 Gröttrup invented the basic principles of the smart card as a forgery-proof "key" for secure identification and access control.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Helmut Gröttrup's father Johann Gröttrup (1881 – 1940) was a mechanical engineer. He worked full-time at the Bund der technischen Angestellten und Beamten (Butab), a federation for technical staff and officials of the social democratic trade union in Berlin. His mother Thérèse Gröttrup (1894 – 1981), born Elsen, was active in the peace movement. Johann Gröttrup lost his job in 1933 when the Nazi Party came into power.

paragraph: From 1935 to 1939 Helmut Gröttrup studied applied physics at the Technical University of Berlin and made his thesis with professor Hans Geiger, the co-inventor of the Geiger counter. He also worked for Manfred von Ardenne's research laboratory "Forschungslaboratorium für Elektronenphysik".

paragraph: Section::::German rocketry program.

paragraph: From December 1939, Helmut Gröttrup worked in the German V-2 rocket program at the Peenemünde Army Research Center with Walter Dornberger and Wernher von Braun. In December 1940, he was made department head under Ernst Steinhoff for developing remote guidance and control systems.

paragraph: Since October 1943 Gröttrup had been under SD surveillance. A report stated that he, his wife Irmgard, Wernher von Braun, and his colleague Klaus Riedel were said to have expressed regret at an engineer's house one evening that they were not working on a spaceship and that they felt the war was not going well; this was considered a "defeatist" attitude. A young female dentist who was an SS spy reported their comments. Combined with Himmler's false charges that they were communist sympathizers and had attempted to sabotage the V-2 program, the Gestapo detained them on March 21, 1944, and took them to a Gestapo cell in Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland), where they were held for two weeks without knowing the charges against them. Dornberger obtained their conditional release so that the V-2 program could continue.

paragraph: Section::::Soviet rocketry program.

paragraph: After World War II, Gröttrup decided to work with the Soviet rocketry program and to continue research as head of the Zentralwerke Bleicherode which was located in the Soviet Occupation Zone and finally occupied more than 4,000 employees for the reconstruction and manufacturing of the V-2 rockets. From 9 September 1945 to 22 October 1946, Gröttrup worked under the supervision of Sergei Korolev and Boris Chertok who reported to the Soviet military government of Dmitry Ustinov, the later Minister of Defense. Together with Kurt Magnus Gröttrup improved the design of the control system based on gyroscope for the inertial navigation system.

paragraph: Then during the night on 22 October 1946, a selected group of more than 170 German scientists and engineers - plus equipment - from the Zentralwerke were unexpectedly and forcibly (at gunpoint) moved to the USSR by 92 trains as part of Operation Osoaviakhim with more than two thousand German specialists . From 1946–1950, Gröttrup was in charge of the more than 170 German specialists brought to Branch 1 of NII-88 on Gorodomlya Island in Lake Seliger. The German team was indirectly overseen by Sergei Korolev, the "chief designer" of the Soviet rocketry program.

paragraph: Gröttrup helped Korolev with the R-1 project, a recreation of the V-2 missile using Russian manufacturing and materials. At Kapustin Yar, he helped Korolev supervise the launching of 20 rebuilt V-2 rockets and analyzing failure causes. In October 1947 they succeeded for the first time. As a reality check on Korolev's missile proposals, official Dmitriy Ustinov asked Gröttrup and his small team to design several new missile systems, including the R-10 (G-1), R-12 (G-2) and the R-14 (G-4) which was similar to the A9/A10 long range missile von Braun designed during the war. Gröttrup was also asked to consult on the R-13 (G-3) cruise missile. None of these projects went beyond the design stage. However, the theoretical work of the German scientists proposed improved solutions due to lack of material, and new ideas significantly contributed to the later success of Soviet space program. Some ideas were incorporated in the R-2 and R-5 missile systems. The launcher Vostok 1 for Yuri Gagarin's space flight in April 1961 was based on a bundling of a total of 20 A4-like engines with conical rocket bodies, as already proposed by the German scientists in 1949 in Gorodomlja. For political reasons, however, the contributions made by the German collective of rocket scientists to Soviet missile development have long been considered insignificant by the public in East and West.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Germany.

paragraph: For security reasons, German specialists were not allowed to work on important missile technologies after 1951, but they were kept in the USSR for a 1.5 year "cooling off" period so they could not give timely information to British Intelligence or American Intelligence. Fritz Karl Preikschat, who managed the high frequency lab under Gröttrup from 1946-1952 on Gorodomlya Island, was released in June 1952, made it to West Germany, and briefed the U.S. Air Force on the Soviet rocketry program.

paragraph: Gröttrup and a few other German scientists were kept longer, based on their positions and the concern that they would move to West Germany. Gröttrup and his family returned to East Germany on 22 November 1953, among the last group from Gorodomlya Island, and, within two weeks, escaped to Cologne in West Germany with the support of British and American Intelligence. His knowledge and assumptions pointed to significant achievements of the Soviet rocketry with a strong focus on much higher payload and reach which Korolev eventually demonstrated with successfully launching the Sputnik 1 satellite to orbit in November 1957.

paragraph: Section::::Invention of the smart card.

paragraph: From 1954 to 1958, Gröttrup worked for Standard Elektrik Lorenz in Pforzheim. He participated in developing the ER56, the first fully transistorized data processing system in Germany. With this, he installed one of the very first commercial applications of data processing for managing the logistics of Quelle's mail-order business. In 1959, he joined the Produktograph company of Joseph Mayr, which was later taken over by Siemens & Halske, for production data acquisition and monitoring. In 1965, he formed a company called "DATEGE" in the data processing industry. In 1966, he filed the patent application "Identification Switch" for releasing a tapping process at a petrol station. In February 1967 he developed the principles of the smart card within the German patent application "DE1574074" as an "Unforgeable Identification Switch". He continued his ideas together with Jürgen Dethloff as a financial investor and, in 1968 and 1969, they filed several patents which were granted later-on, such as US3678250, GB1317915, GB1318850.

paragraph: Section::::Banknote processing.

paragraph: In 1970, Giesecke & Devrient (G&D) took over DATEGE and founded the "Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation (GAO)". Gröttrup was managing director in charge of developing machine-readable security features to prevent counterfeit money together with half- and fully automated banknote processing systems (such as ISS 300 and ISS/BPS 3000). The Banknote Processing division (since April 2018 "G+D Currency Technology") has become the world market leader for central bank equipment since the mid-1990s and has developed single note inspection systems for banknote printing companies. In 1979, G&D presented the first smart card which later became the basic product of "G+D Mobile Security". Gröttrup retired in 1980.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Space Race

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Gorodomlya Island

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grottrup @ Astronautix.com

description: German engineer and inventor of the smart card

wikidata_label: Helmut Gröttrup

wikipedia_title: Helmut Gröttrup