text:
United States Marine Corps
American Civil War
Medal of Honor
Confederate
Port Hudson, Louisiana
Downingtown, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
Admiral David Farragut
siege of Port Hudson
John Mackie
West Chester
Downingtown
Camden, New Jersey
tuberculosis
Blackwood, New Jersey
List of Medal of Honor recipients
Pennsylvania in the American Civil War

categories: United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients,People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War,1866 deaths,Union Marines,United States Marines,1841 births,People from Downingtown, Pennsylvania,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: Pinkerton R. Vaughn

paragraph: Pinkerton Ross Vaughn, Sr. (1841 – August 22, 1866) was a United States Marine Corps sergeant during the American Civil War. He was awarded the nation's highest military decoration for valor—the Medal of Honor, for his actions aboard the during a battle with Confederate artillery batteries at Port Hudson, Louisiana on March 14, 1863. Vaughn is one of the first two Marines to be awarded the Medal of Honor in the history of the Marine Corps.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Vaughn was born in Downingtown, Pennsylvania in 1841 (alternate birth year: 1839), the son of Matthew Vaughn (1804–1874) and Ann Vaughn (1804–1893).

paragraph: He enlisted for military service as his nation was descending into secession and civil war. After enrolling in Philadelphia in October 1860, Vaughn officially mustered in with the U.S. Marine Corps at the Marine Barracks in Philadelphia on October 31. During his service, he obtained the rank of sergeant and served aboard the USS "Tennessee" and USS "Mississippi". The steam-powered and 17-gun warship USS "Mississippi" was part of the U.S. Navy fleet commanded by Admiral David Farragut that battled with Confederate artillery batteries on March 14–15, 1863, shortly before and prelude to, the Union army's battle and siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana. On July 10, 1863, Vaughn was awarded the Medal of Honor (Navy version) for his actions during the night of March 14 aboard the "Mississippi". He was "commended for zeal and courage displayed in the performance of unusual and trying service while the vessel was aground and exposed to a heavy fire". He was honorably discharged in Philadelphia on November 7, 1864. Vaughn and Sergeant John Mackie () were the first Marines to be awarded the Medal of Honor.

paragraph: Vaughn returned home to Pennsylvania after he was discharged, and secured work as a brakeman with a trolley company in Philadelphia. On May 18, 1865, he married Elizabeth A. Getty (1840–1903) in Philadelphia. A native of New Jersey, she was a daughter of Andrew and Ann Getty. Their only child, Pinkerton Ross Vaughn, Jr. (1866–1913), was born in February 1866. On August 22, 1866, Vaughn was severely injured in a trolley car accident and died later that day. He was laid to rest at Philadelphia's Laurel Hill Cemetery on August 27. The "West Chester Village Record" reported on his death as follows:

paragraph: Fatal Accident - On Wednesday, the 22nd, while the 3d stock train on the Penna. rail road was going east, one of the brakemen named Pinkerton R. Vaughn, was struck on the head by an overhead Bridge west of City Avenue, causing death in about 40 minutes. He was 25 years old and leaves a wife and one child. He was buried from his late residence 32d and Bearing st. West Philadelphia. Mr. Vaughn served all through the war in the navy and received a medal of honor from the War Department for bravery while in action. It seems hard that he should meet so untimely a death. M.S. Chalfount of West Chester was the conductor on the train. The parents of the deceased reside at Downingtown.

paragraph: Vaughn's widow, Elizabeth, died in Camden, New Jersey on December 26, 1903. She was laid to rest beside her deceased husband at the Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. Pinkerton Ross Vaughn, Jr. died from tuberculosis at the Almshouse Hospital in Blackwood, New Jersey, on December 24, 1913, at the age of 47. He was laid to rest in the same cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Vaughn's Medal of Honor citation reads:

paragraph: Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Marine Corps.

paragraph: Born: 1839, Downingtown, Pa.

paragraph: Accredited to: Pennsylvania.

paragraph: G.O. No: 17, 10 July 1863.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: Serving on board the U.S.S. "Mississippi" during her abandonment and firing in the action with the Port Hudson batteries, 14 March 1863. During the abandonment of the "Mississippi" which had to be grounded, Sergeant Vaughn rendered invaluable assistance to his commanding officer, remaining with the ship until all the crew had landed and the ship had been fired to prevent its falling into enemy hands. Persistent until the last, and conspicuously cool under the heavy shellfire, Sergeant Vaughn was finally ordered to save himself as he saw fit.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pennsylvania in the American Civil War

wikidata_label: Pinkerton R. Vaughn

wikipedia_title: Pinkerton R. Vaughn


text:
Lombard
Prince of Benevento
Arechis II
Adelperga
Charlemagne
Salerno
Eastern Romans
Adelchis
Desiderius
Winigis
Hildebrand, Duke of Spoleto
Pepin of Italy
Charles the Younger
Gwatkin, H. M.
Oman, Charles
Hodgkin, Thomas

categories: Lombard warriors,8th-century births,8th-century Lombard people,Princes of Benevento,8th-century rulers in Europe,9th-century rulers in Europe,806 deaths

paragraph: Grimoald III of Benevento

paragraph: Grimoald III (died 806) was the Lombard Prince of Benevento from 788 until his own death. He was the second son of Arechis II and Adelperga. In 787, he and his elder brother Romoald were sent as hostages to Charlemagne who had descended the Italian peninsula as far as Salerno to receive the submission of Benevento. In return for peace, Arechis recognised Charlemagne's suzerainty and handed Grimoald over as a hostage.

paragraph: When his father and brother both died in 788, Grimoald was allowed to return to Italy. He recognised Frankish overlordship, but was permitted practical independence in return for defending Italy from the Eastern Romans. In 788 he faced a Roman invasion commanded by Adelchis, the son of the last Lombard king, Desiderius. A Frankish army under Winigis and Hildebrand, Duke of Spoleto, joined Grimoald and defeated Adelchis on the coast soon after his landing.

paragraph: Later, Grimoald tried to throw off Frankish suzerainty, but Charlemagne's sons, Pepin of Italy and Charles the Younger, forced him to submit in 792.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gwatkin, H. M., Whitney, J. P. (edd.) "The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume II—The Rise of the Saracens and the Foundations of the Western Empire". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1926.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oman, Charles. "The Dark Ages 476-918". London: Rivingtons, 1914.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hodgkin, Thomas. "Italy and her Invaders". Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McKitterick, Rosamond. "The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751–987". London: Longman, 1983. .

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Grimoald III of Benevento

wikipedia_title: Grimoald III of Benevento


text:
Lombard
Prince of Benevento
Grimoald III
solidi
Charlemagne
Louis the Pious
Sico

categories: 817 deaths,Princes of Benevento,9th-century Lombard people,9th-century rulers in Europe,Assassinated Italian people

paragraph: Grimoald IV of Benevento

paragraph: Grimoald IV (assassinated 817), son of Ermenrih, called Falco, was the Lombard Prince of Benevento from 806 until his death. He was a "thesaurarius" or "stolesayz"/"stoleseyz" before becoming prince on the death of Grimoald III, over Grimoald's own son, Ilderic, another "stoleseyz".

paragraph: In 812, he was forced to pay 25,000 "solidi" in tribute to Charlemagne. In 814, he pledged an annual tribute of 7,000 "solidi" to Louis the Pious. These promises, however, were never kept and his successor, Sico, made the same empty guarantees. The Beneventans were independent in practice and by the end of the ninth century would not even recognise Frankish overlordship. Grimoald was assassinated in 817 by a complot of nobles vying for his throne.

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Grimoald IV of Benevento

wikipedia_title: Grimoald IV of Benevento


text:
Lombard
Prince of Benevento
gastald
Acerenza
Grimoald IV
Emperor
Louis the Pious
Byzantium
Naples
Januarius
rulers at Capua
Landulf I
Sicopolis
Sicard
Guy I
Duke of Spoleto
Sico of Salerno

categories: 832 deaths,Lombard warriors,750s births,Princes of Benevento,9th-century rulers in Europe

paragraph: Sico of Benevento

paragraph: Sico ( 758 – 832) was the Lombard Prince of Benevento from the 817 to his own death.

paragraph: Before becoming the Prince of Benevento, he had been the gastald of Acerenza. On the assassination of Grimoald IV, Sico succeeded to the princely throne. He made the same empty pledges of tribute and fealty to the Emperor Louis the Pious which Grimoald had made.

paragraph: Sico tried to extend the principality at the expense of Byzantium. He besieged Naples at an unknown date (perhaps c. 831), but could not take the city. He did, however, remove the body of the Neapolitan patron saint, Januarius, who was originally from Benevento. It was also Sico who founded a line of rulers at Capua by bestowing that ancient fortress on Landulf I as gastald. Landulf honoured his benefactor by naming his first castle Sicopolis.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: When Sico died he was succeeded by his son Sicard. His daughter Itta (also spelled Ita or Itana) married Guy I, Duke of Spoleto. Sico is sometimes numbered "Sico I" and Sico of Salerno is numbered "Sico II".

description: Prince of Benevento

wikidata_label: Sico of Benevento

wikipedia_title: Sico of Benevento


text: historian

text: psychologist

text: sociologist

text: hermeneutic philosopher

text: G. W. F. Hegel

text: University of Berlin

text: scientific methodology

text: empiricist

text: idealism

text: British empiricism

text: positivism

text: epistemological

text: ontological

text: literary

text: philosophical

text: Reformed

text: Biebrich

text: Duchy of Nassau

text: Hesse

text: theology

text: Heidelberg University

text: Kuno Fischer

text: University of Berlin

text: Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg

text: August Boeckh

text: Friedrich Schleiermacher

text: habilitation

text: moral consciousness

text: Privatdozent

text: University of Basel

text: Friedrich Schleiermacher

text: hermeneutics

text: German Romanticism

text: Droysen

text: Ranke

text: humanities

text: Cartesian dualism

text: hermeneutic circle

text: Plato

text: human science

text: Geisteswissenschaft

text: Friedrich Nietzsche

text: Georg Simmel

text: Henri Bergson

text: Lebensphilosophie

text: Existenzphilosophie

text: Bernhard Groethuysen

text: Hans Lipps

text: Herman Nohl

text: Theodor Litt

text: Eduard Spranger

text: Georg Misch

text: Erich Rothacker

text: Martin Buber

text: Martin Heidegger

text: Being and Time

text: Truth and Method

text: Hans-Georg Gadamer

text: consciousness

text: Verstehen

text: below

text: sociology

text: Auguste Comte

text: Herbert Spencer

text: dialectic

text: evolution

text: positivism

text: neo-Kantian

text: Georg Simmel

text: Max Weber

text: antipositivism

text: nonpositivist "verstehende" sociology

text: Verstehen

text: natural sciences

text: human science

text: Geisteswissenschaft

text: Max Weber

text: Verstehen

text: aesthetics

text: lifeworld

text: Geisteswissenschaft

text: Weltanschauung

text: Nature

text: Naturalism

text: Epicurean

text: Subjective Idealism

text: Friedrich Schiller

text: Immanuel Kant

text: Objective Idealism

text: G. W. F. Hegel

text: Baruch Spinoza

text: Giordano Bruno

text: Karl Jaspers

text: Rudolf Steiner

text: Philosophy of Freedom

text: Wilhelm Windelband

text: Heinrich Rickert

text: Baden School

text: Neo-Kantianism

text: Critique of Pure Reason

text: Critique of Judgment

text: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften

text: Analytic psychology (Stout)

text: Descriptive psychology (Brentano)

text: Karl Dilthey

text: "Positivismusstreit"

text: Rudolf A. Makkreel

text: Dilthey-Forschungsstelle an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum

text: "Wilhelm Dilthey"

categories: Continental philosophers,University of Breslau faculty,German Calvinist and Reformed Christians,People from the Duchy of Nassau,19th-century German people,Heidelberg University alumni,University of Kiel faculty,1833 births,19th-century philosophers,19th-century male writers,Social philosophers,German literary critics,Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class),19th-century German philosophers,University of Basel faculty,1911 deaths,Humboldt University of Berlin faculty,German sociologists,Hermeneutists,Wilhelm Dilthey,People from Wiesbaden,German male non-fiction writers,Empiricists,Humboldt University of Berlin alumni,19th-century German writers,19th-century German Protestant theologians

paragraph: Wilhelm Dilthey

paragraph: Wilhelm Dilthey (; ; 19 November 1833 – 1 October 1911) was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, and hermeneutic philosopher, who held G. W. F. Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin. As a polymathic philosopher, working in a modern research university, Dilthey's research interests revolved around questions of scientific methodology, historical evidence and history's status as a science. He could be considered an empiricist, in contrast to the idealism prevalent in Germany at the time, but his account of what constitutes the empirical and experiential differs from British empiricism and positivism in its central epistemological and ontological assumptions, which are drawn from German literary and philosophical traditions.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Dilthey was born in 1833 as the son of a Reformed pastor in the village of Biebrich in the Duchy of Nassau, now in Hesse, Germany. As a young man he followed family traditions by studying theology at Heidelberg University, where his teachers included the young Kuno Fischer. He then moved to the University of Berlin and was taught by, amongst others, Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg and August Boeckh, both former pupils of Friedrich Schleiermacher. In January 1864, he received his doctorate from Berlin with a thesis in Latin on the Schleiermacher's ethics, and in June of the same year he also earned his habilitation with a thesis on moral consciousness. He became a "Privatdozent" at Berlin in 1865.

paragraph: In 1859, he edited Schleiermacher's letters and soon after he was also commissioned to write a biography—the first volume of which was eventually published in 1870. In 1867 he took up a professorship at the University of Basel, but later—in 1882—he returned to Berlin where he held the prestigious chair in philosophy at the University.

paragraph: In 1874, he married Katherine Puttmann, and the couple had one son and two daughters.

paragraph: He died in 1911.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Hermeneutics.

paragraph: Dilthey took some of his inspiration from the works of Friedrich Schleiermacher on hermeneutics, which he helped revive. Both figures are linked to German Romanticism. Schleiermacher was strongly influenced by German Romanticism which led him to place more emphasis on human emotion and the imagination. Dilthey, in his turn, as the author of a vast monograph on Schleiermacher, responds to the questions raised by Droysen and Ranke about the philosophical legitimation of the human sciences. He argues that 'scientific explanation of nature' ("erklären") must be completed with a theory of how the world is given to human beings through symbolically mediated practices. To provide such a theory is the aim of the philosophy of the humanities—a field of study to which Dilthey dedicated his entire academic career.

paragraph: The school of Romantic hermeneutics stressed that historically embedded interpreters—a "living" rather than a Cartesian dualism or "theoretical" subject—use 'understanding' and 'interpretation' ("Verstehen"), which combine individual-psychological and social-historical description and analysis, to gain a greater knowledge of texts and authors in their contexts. However, Dilthey remains distinct from other German Romantics and life philosophers through his emphasis on “historicality.” Dilthey understood man as a historical being. However, history is not described in terms of an object of the past, but “a series of world views.” Man cannot understand himself through reflection or introspection, but only through what “history can tell him…never in objective concepts but always only in the living experience which springs up out of the depths of his own being.” Dilthey wants to emphasize the “intrinsic temporality of all understanding,” that man’s understanding is dependent on past worldviews, interpretations, and a shared world.

paragraph: The process of interpretive inquiry established by Schleiermacher involved what Dilthey called the hermeneutic circle—the recurring movement between the implicit and the explicit, the particular and the whole. Schleiermacher saw the approaches to interpreting sacred scriptures (for example, the Pauline epistles) and Classical texts (e.g. Plato's philosophy) as more specific forms of what he proposed as "general hermeneutics" ("allgemeine Hermeneutik"). Schleiermacher approached hermeneutics as the “art of understanding” and recognized both the importance of language, and the thoughts of an author, to interpreting a text.

paragraph: Dilthey saw understanding as the key for the human sciences ("Geisteswissenschaften") in contrast with the natural sciences. The natural sciences observe and explain nature, but the humanities understand human expressions of life. So long as a science is “accessible to us through a procedure based on the systematic relation between life, expression, and understanding” Dilthey considered it a part of the human sciences.

paragraph: Along with Friedrich Nietzsche, Georg Simmel and Henri Bergson, Dilthey's work influenced early twentieth-century "Lebensphilosophie" and "Existenzphilosophie".

paragraph: Dilthey's students included Bernhard Groethuysen, Hans Lipps, Herman Nohl, Theodor Litt, Eduard Spranger, Georg Misch and Erich Rothacker. Dilthey's philosophy also influenced the religious philosopher Martin Buber.

paragraph: Dilthey's works informed the early Martin Heidegger's approach to hermeneutics in his early lecture courses, in which he developed a "hermeneutics of factical life," and in "Being and Time" (1927). But Heidegger grew increasingly critical of Dilthey, arguing for a more radical "temporalization" of the possibilities of interpretation and human existence.

paragraph: In "Wahrheit und Methode" ("Truth and Method", 1960), Hans-Georg Gadamer, influenced by Heidegger, criticised Dilthey's approach to hermeneutics as both overly aesthetic and subjective as well as method-oriented and "positivistic." According to Gadamer, Dilthey's hermeneutics is insufficiently concerned with the ontological event of truth and inadequately considers the implications of how the interpreter and the interpreter's interpretations are not outside of tradition but occupy a particular position within it, i.e., have a temporal horizon.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Psychology.

paragraph: Dilthey was interested in psychology. In his work "Ideas Concerning a Descriptive and Analytic Psychology" ("Ideen über eine beschreibende und zergliedernde Psychologie", 1894), he introduced a distinction between explanatory psychology ("erklärende Psychologie"; also explanative psychology) and descriptive psychology ("beschreibende Psychologie"; also analytic psychology, "zergliedernde Psychologie"): in his terminology, explanatory psychology is the study of psychological phenomena from a third-person point of view, which involves their subordination to a system of causality, while descriptive psychology is a discipline that attempts to explicate how different mental processes converge in the "structural nexus of consciousness."

paragraph: The distinction is based on the more general distinction between explanatory/explanative sciences ("erklärende Wissenschaften"), on the one hand, and descriptive/interpretive sciences ("beschreibende Wissenschaften" or "verstehende Wissenschaften", that is, the sciences which are based on the "Verstehen" method), on the other—see below.

paragraph: In his later work ("Der Aufbau der geschichtlichen Welt in den Geisteswissenschaften", 1910), he used the alternative term structural psychology ("Strukturpsychologie") for descriptive psychology.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Sociology.

paragraph: Dilthey was also interested in what some would call sociology in the 21st century, although he strongly objected to being labelled as such, as the sociology of his time was mainly that of Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer. He objected to their dialectical/evolutionist assumptions about the necessary changes that all societal formations must go through, as well as their narrowly natural-scientific methodology. Comte's idea of positivism was, according to Dilthey, one-sided and misleading. Dilthey did, however, have good things to say about the neo-Kantian sociology of Georg Simmel, with whom he was a colleague at the University of Berlin. Simmel himself was later an associate of Max Weber, the primary founder of sociological antipositivism. J. I. Hans Bakker has argued that Dilthey should be considered one of the classical sociological theorists due to his own influence in the foundation of nonpositivist "verstehende" sociology and the "Verstehen" method.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Distinction between natural sciences and human sciences.

paragraph: A lifelong concern was to establish a proper theoretical and methodological foundation for the "human sciences" (e.g. history, law, literary criticism), distinct from, but equally "scientific" as, the "natural sciences" (e.g. physics, chemistry). He suggested that all human experience divides naturally into two parts: that of the surrounding natural world, in which "objective necessity" rules, and that of inner experience, characterized by "sovereignty of the will, responsibility for actions, a capacity to subject everything to thinking and to resist everything within the fortress of freedom of his/her own person".

paragraph: Dilthey strongly rejected using a model formed exclusively from the natural sciences ("Naturwissenschaften"), and instead proposed developing a separate model for the human sciences ("Geisteswissenschaften"). His argument centered around the idea that in the natural sciences we seek to explain phenomena in terms of cause and effect, or the general and the particular; in contrast, in the human sciences, we seek to "understand" in terms of the relations of the part and the whole. In the social sciences we may also combine the two approaches, a point stressed by German sociologist Max Weber. His principles, a general theory of understanding or comprehension ("Verstehen") could, he asserted, be applied to all manner of interpretation ranging from ancient texts to art work, religious works, and even law. His interpretation of different theories of aesthetics in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries was preliminary to his speculations concerning the form aesthetic theory would take in the twentieth century.

paragraph: Both the natural and human sciences originate in the context or "nexus of life" ("Lebenszusammenhang"), a concept which influenced the phenomenological account of the lifeworld ("Lebenswelt"), but are differentiated in how they relate to their life-context. Whereas the natural sciences abstract away from it, it becomes the primary object of inquiry in the human sciences.

paragraph: Dilthey defended his use of the term "Geisteswissenschaft" (literally, "science of the mind" or "spiritual knowledge") by pointing out that other terms such as "social science" and "cultural sciences" are equally one-sided and that the human mind or spirit is the central phenomenon from which all others are derived and analyzable. For Dilthey, like Hegel, "Geist" ("mind" or "spirit") has a cultural rather than a social meaning. It is not an abstract intellectual principle or disembodied behavioral experience but refers to the individual's life in its concrete cultural-historical context.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Weltanschauungen.

paragraph: In 1911, Dilthey developed a typology of the three basic "Weltanschauungen", or World-Views, which he considered to be "typical" (comparable to Max Weber's notion of "ideal types") and conflicting ways of conceiving of humanity's relation to Nature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- in Naturalism, represented by Epicureans of all times and places, humans see themselves as determined by nature

paragraph: BULLET::::- in the Idealism of Freedom (or Subjective Idealism), represented by Friedrich Schiller and Immanuel Kant, humans are conscious of their separation from nature by their free will

paragraph: BULLET::::- in Objective Idealism, represented by G. W. F. Hegel, Baruch Spinoza, and Giordano Bruno, humans are conscious of their harmony with nature.

paragraph: This approach influenced Karl Jaspers' "Psychology of Worldviews" as well as Rudolf Steiner's "Philosophy of Freedom".

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Comparison with the Neo-Kantians.

paragraph: Dilthey's ideas should be examined in terms of his similarities and differences with Wilhelm Windelband and Heinrich Rickert, members of the Baden School of Neo-Kantianism. Dilthey was not a Neo-Kantian, but had a profound knowledge of Immanuel Kant's philosophy, which deeply influenced his thinking. But whereas Neo-Kantianism was primarily interested in epistemology on the basis of Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason", Dilthey took Kant's "Critique of Judgment" as his point of departure. An important debate between Dilthey and the Neo-Kantians concerned the "human" as opposed to "cultural" sciences, with the Neo-Kantians arguing for the exclusion of psychology from the cultural sciences and Dilthey for its inclusion as a human science.

paragraph: Section::::Editorial work.

paragraph: In 1859, Dilthey was asked to complete the editing of Schleiermacher's letters.

paragraph: Dilthey also inaugurated the Academy edition (the "Akademie-Ausgabe" abbreviated as "AA" or "Ak") of Kant's writings ("Gesammelte Schriften", Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1902–38) in 1895, and served as its first editor.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Essence of Philosophy" (1907, originally published in German as 'Das Wesen der Philosophie')

paragraph: Wilhelm Dilthey: Selected Works are being published by Princeton University Press under the editorship of the noted Dilthey scholars Rudolf A. Makkreel and Frithjof Rodi.

paragraph: Published volumes include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume I: "Introduction to the Human Sciences" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume II: "Understanding the Human World: Selected Works of Wilhelm Dilthey" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume III: "The Formation of the Historical World in the Human Sciences" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume IV: "Hermeneutics and the Study of History" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume V: "Poetry and Experience" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume VI: "Ethical and World-View Philosophy" (2019)

paragraph: Wilhelm Dilthey, Gesammelte Schriften are currently published by Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 1: "Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 2: "Weltanschauung und Analyse des Menschen seit Renaissance und Reformation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 3: "Studien zur Geschichte des deutschen Geistes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 4: "Die Jugendgeschichte Hegels und andere Abhandlungen zur Geschichte des Deutschen Idealismus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 5: "Die geistige Welt"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 6: "Die geistige Welt"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 7: "Der Aufbau der geschichtlichen Welt in den Geisteswissenschaften"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 8: "Weltanschauungslehre"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 9: "Pädagogik"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 10: "System der Ethik"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 11: "Vom Aufgang des geschichtlichen Bewußtseins"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 12: "Zur preußischen Geschichte"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 13: "Leben Schleiermachers". Erster Band

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 14: "Leben Schleiermachers". Zweiter Band

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 15: "Zur Geistesgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 16: "Zur Geistesgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 17: "Zur Geistesgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 18: "Die Wissenschaften vom Menschen, der Gesellschaft und der Geschichte"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 19: "Grundlegung der Wissenschaften vom Menschen, der Gesellschaft und der Geschichte"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 20: "Logik und System der philosophischen Wissenschaften"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 21: "Psychologie als Erfahrungswissenschaft"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 22: "Psychologie als Erfahrungswissenschaft"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 23: "Allgemeine Geschichte der Philosophie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 24: "Logik und Wert"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 25: "Dichter als Seher der Menschheit"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volume 26: "Das Erlebnis und die Dichtung"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Analytic psychology (Stout)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Descriptive psychology (Brentano)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Dilthey, younger brother of Wilhelm Dilthey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Positivismusstreit"

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hodges, M. A., "William Dilthey" (London: Routledge, 2013).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lessing, Hans-Ulrich, Rudolf A. Makkreel and Riccardo Pozzo, eds., "Recent Contributions to Dilthey's Philosophy of the Human Sciences" (Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 2011).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Makkreel, Rudolf A., "Dilthey: Philosopher of the Human Studies" (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).

paragraph: BULLET::::- de Mul, Jos, "The Tragedy of Finitude: Dilthey's Hermeneutics of Life" (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nelson, Eric S. (ed.), "Interpreting Dilthey: Critical Essays" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dilthey-Forschungsstelle an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Makkreel, Rudolf, "Wilhelm Dilthey", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).

description: German historian, psychologist, sociologist, student of hermeneutics, and philosopher

wikidata_label: Wilhelm Dilthey

wikipedia_title: Wilhelm Dilthey


text:
Wehrmacht
Nazi Germany
German resistance
Abwehr
Oster Conspiracy
July Plot
Admiral
Wilhelm Canaris
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Flossenbürg concentration camp
Dresden
Saxony
Alsatian
World War I
Western Front
German General Staff
Reichswehr
Treaty of Versailles
Rhineland
Hermann Göring
Prussia
Hans Bernd Gisevius
Arthur Nebe
Gestapo
Nazi regime
Night of the Long Knives
Schutzstaffel
Sturmabteilung
Kurt von Schleicher
Chancellor
Weimar Republic
Generalmajor
Ferdinand von Bredow
Abwehr
General Staff
Blomberg–Fritsch Affair
Kristallnacht
Generaloberst
Ludwig Beck
Oster Conspiracy
Czechoslovakia
Berlin
Franz Halder
Hjalmar Schacht
Sudeten
crisis
British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain
meeting in Munich
20 July plot
Juncker
Polish
Danzig
World War II
France
Zossen
Bert Sas
Netherlands
invasion of the Netherlands
European Jews
Soviet Union
Henning von Tresckow
Army Group Centre
Friedrich Olbricht
Bendlerblock
Gestapo
Hans von Dohnanyi
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Lutheran
Switzerland
Jauch family
Fabian von Schlabrendorff
List of members of the 20 July plot
Oster Conspiracy
Joachim Fest
Roger Moorhouse

categories: Extrajudicial killings in World War II,People executed by Germany by hanging,People condemned by Nazi courts,1945 deaths,People who died in Flossenbürg concentration camp,People from the Kingdom of Saxony,1887 births,People educated at the Kreuzschule,German Lutherans,Executed members of the 20 July plot,People from Dresden,Executed military leaders,Abwehr,Military personnel who died in Nazi concentration camps,Executed people from Saxony,Resistance members who died in Nazi concentration camps,German military personnel killed in World War II,Executed German Resistance members,German military personnel of World War I,People from Saxony executed in Nazi concentration camps

paragraph: Hans Oster

paragraph: Hans Paul Oster (9 August 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a general in the "Wehrmacht" of Nazi Germany and a leading figure of the German resistance from 1938 to 1943. As deputy head of the counter-espionage bureau in the "Abwehr" (German military intelligence), Oster was in a good position to conduct resistance operations under the guise of intelligence work; he was dismissed for helping Jews avoid arrest.

paragraph: He was involved in the Oster Conspiracy of September 1938 and was arrested in 1943 on suspicion of helping "Abwehr" officers caught helping Jews escape Germany. After the failed 1944 July Plot on Hitler's life, the Gestapo seized the diaries of Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, the head of "Abwehr", in which Oster's anti-Nazi activities were revealed. In April 1945, he was hanged with Canaris and Dietrich Bonhoeffer at Flossenbürg concentration camp.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Oster was born in Dresden, Saxony in 1887, the son of an Alsatian pastor of the French Protestant Church. He entered the artillery in 1907 and in World War I, served on the Western Front until 1916, when he was appointed as captain to the German General Staff. After the war, he was thought of well enough to be kept in the reduced "Reichswehr", whose officer corps was limited to 4,000 by the Treaty of Versailles. He had to resign from the army in 1932, when he got into trouble over an indiscretion during the carnival in the demilitarised zone of the Rhineland, where "Reichswehr" officers were prohibited.

paragraph: He soon found a job in a new organisation which Hermann Göring set up under the Prussian police. He transferred to the "Abwehr" in October 1933. It was in this connection that he met Hans Bernd Gisevius and Arthur Nebe, who were working in the "Gestapo" and became conspirators. Oster also became a confidant of Admiral Canaris.

paragraph: Section::::Opposition to Hitler.

paragraph: Like many other army officers, Oster welcomed the Nazi regime but his opinion changed after the 1934 "Night of the Long Knives" in which the "Schutzstaffel" (SS) murdered many of the leaders of the rival "Sturmabteilung" (SA) and their political opponents, including General Kurt von Schleicher, the second-last Chancellor of the Weimar Republic and "Generalmajor" (Major General) Ferdinand von Bredow, former head of the "Abwehr". In 1935, Oster was allowed to re-join the army but never on the General Staff. By 1938, the Blomberg–Fritsch Affair and "Kristallnacht" (the state pogrom against Jews in Germany), turned his antipathy into a hatred of Nazism and a willingness to help save Jews. During the Fritsch crisis, Oster met "Generaloberst" (Colonel General) Ludwig Beck, Chief of the General Staff, for the first time, making the connections for the Oster Conspiracy of September 1938.

paragraph: Oster's position in the "Abwehr" was invaluable to the conspirators; "Abwehr" could provide false papers and restricted materials, disguise conspiratorial activities as intelligence work, link resistance cells that were disparate and supply intelligence to the conspirators. He also played a central role in the first military conspiracy to overthrow Hitler, which was rooted in Hitler's intention to invade Czechoslovakia. In August 1938, Beck spoke openly at a meeting of army generals in Berlin about his opposition to a war with the Western powers over Czechoslovakia. When Hitler was informed of that, he demanded and received Beck's resignation. Beck was highly respected in the army and his removal shocked the officer corps. His successor as Chief of Staff, Franz Halder, remained in touch with him and also with Oster. Privately, he said that he considered Hitler "the incarnation of evil".

paragraph: Oster, Gisevius and Hjalmar Schacht urged Halder and Beck to stage a coup against Hitler but the army generals argued that they could mobilise support among the officer corps only if Hitler made overt moves towards war. Halder asked Oster to draw up plans for a coup and it was eventually agreed that Halder would instigate the coup when Hitler committed an overt step towards war. Emissaries of the conspirators travelled to Britain, with the assistance of Oster and the "Abwehr", to urge the British to stand firm against Hitler over the Sudeten crisis. On 28 September, the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain agreed to a meeting in Munich, where he accepted the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia. Hitler's diplomatic triumph undermined and demoralised the conspirators. Halder would no longer support a coup. That was the nearest approach to a successful conspiracy against Hitler before the 20 July plot of 1944.

paragraph: As war again grew more likely in mid-1939, the efforts for a coup were revived. Oster was still in contact with Halder and Witzleben but many officers, particularly those from the Prussian Juncker background, were strongly anti-Polish and saw a war to regain Danzig and other lost eastern territories as justified. After the outbreak of World War II, resistance in the army became harder to contemplate since it could lead to the defeat of Germany. When Hitler decided to attack France soon after the Polish campaign in 1939, Halder along with other senior generals, thought it to be hopelessly unrealistic and again entertained the idea of a coup, urged by Oster and Canaris. When Hitler vowed to destroy the "spirit of Zossen" (the headquarters of the Army High Command), meaning defeatism, Halder feared that the conspiracy was about to be discovered and destroyed all incriminating documents.

paragraph: Oster informed his friend Bert Sas, the Netherlands' military attaché in Berlin, more than twenty times the date of the postponed invasion of the Netherlands. Sas passed the information to his government but was not believed. Oster calculated that his treason could cost the lives of 40,000 German soldiers and wrestled with his decision but he then concluded that it was necessary to prevent millions of deaths that would occur in the protracted war after Germany was denied an early victory.

paragraph: The period between 1940 and 1942 was the nadir of German resistance. Some officers were pleased to be wrong to have feared military disaster. Others still opposed Hitler and the Nazi regime but felt that his enormous popularity with the people made any action impossible. Tireless, Oster rebuilt a resistance network. In 1941, when the systematic extermination of European Jews began after the invasion of the Soviet Union, his "Abwehr" group established contact with the resistance group of Henning von Tresckow in Army Group Centre. In 1942, his most important recruit was General Friedrich Olbricht, head of the General Army Office, at the "Bendlerblock" in central Berlin, who controlled an independent system of communications to reserve units all over Germany. The Oster group supplied British-made bombs to Tresckow's group for their attempts to assassinate Hitler in 1943.

paragraph: In 1943, the "Abwehr" group's rescue efforts for Jews were exposed by the "Gestapo" and Oster was dismissed from his post. Hans von Dohnanyi, who joined the "Abwehr" shortly before the war and Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the Lutheran theologian and Dohnanyi's brother-in-law, helped 14 Jews to flee to Switzerland disguised as "Abwehr" agents in Operation ("Unternehmen") U-7. Dohnanyi and Bonhoeffer were arrested on charges of alleged breach of monetary exchange laws, amongst others, with the leading German insurance brokers Jauch & Hübener, Captain Walter Jauch of the Jauch family, a first cousin-in-law of Oster, and Otto Hübener later being hanged. Oster was placed under house arrest; their involvement in the German resistance was discovered after the failure of the 20 July plot.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Oster was arrested one day after the failed 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler. On 4 April 1945, the diaries of Admiral Canaris were discovered and in a rage upon reading them, Hitler ordered that all current and past conspirators—Oster among them—be executed.

paragraph: Fabian von Schlabrendorff, one of the few senior anti-Nazis to survive the war, described Oster as "a man such as God meant men to be, lucid and serene in mind, imperturbable in danger".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of members of the 20 July plot

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oster Conspiracy

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joachim Fest. "Plotting Hitler's Death: The German Resistance to Hitler, 1933–1945" (London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Hoffmann. "The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945" (Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger Moorhouse. "Killing Hitler" (London, Jonathan Cape, 2006).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Romedio Galeazzo Graf von Thun-Hohenstein "Der Verschwörer, General Oster und die Militäropposition" (Berlin, Severin und Siedler 1982)

description: German general

wikidata_label: Hans Oster

wikipedia_title: Hans Oster


text:
Russian Orthodox Church
Metropolitan of Kiev

categories: Russian emigrants to Ukraine,People from Moscow Governorate,First Hierarchs of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate),People from Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast,Burials at Baikove Cemetery,Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church,1877 births,1968 deaths

paragraph: John Sokolov

paragraph: John Sokolov (; born Ivan Aleksandrovich Sokolov ) was Bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia and Exarch of Ukraine.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

wikidata_label: John Sokolov

wikipedia_title: John Sokolov


text: Handsworth

text: Birmingham

text: Colehill

text: Dorset

text: Twickenham

text: Slade School of Fine Art

text: Pimlico

text: 1901 census

text: King Arthur legend

text: Jessie Weston

text: Alfred Nutt

text: suffragette

text: Artists' Suffrage League's

text: Women's suffrage in the United States

text: Godalming

text: Colehill

text: Dorset

text: Gottfried von Straßburg

text: Marie de France

text: Edith Rickert

text: Samuel Taylor Coleridge

text: Katharine Tynan

text: "Caroline Watts"

categories: 19th-century English painters,English suffragettes,20th-century English painters,English illustrators,1868 births

paragraph: Caroline Watts

paragraph: Caroline Marsh Watts (1868-1919) was a British painter. She was born in Handsworth, now part of Birmingham, and died in Colehill, Dorset.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Caroline Watts was the youngest child of Robert Watts. He manufactured buttons in Handsworth up to the year 1891, when he retired and moved to St Margarets in the Twickenham area with his youngest children. Caroline Watts studied at the Slade School of Fine Art in London. Upon their father's death in 1894, Watts and her sister Mary moved to Pimlico. In the 1901 census, the sisters stated Mary's occupation was compiler of indexes, while Caroline worked as a painter.

paragraph: The first illustrations that can be traced back to her were drawn from 1899 on. Some depict the King Arthur legend, while others were drawn for various historical novels written by Jessie Weston and published by Alfred Nutt. Upon Nutt's death, his wife M. L. Nutt, an involved women's rights activist, took over the publishing house. Under her watch, various suffragette works were published. It is therefore assumed that she put Watts in touch with the women's right activists.

paragraph: In 1908, Watts created the Artists' Suffrage League's promotional poster "Bugler Girl" for the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies' June demonstrations. The motif was thereafter made the logo of the suffragette newspaper and was copied frequently. It was also borrowed by the Women's suffrage in the United States.

paragraph: Watts and her sister lived in Godalming in 1911 and had moved to Colehill, Dorset by 1918.

paragraph: Section::::Selection of book illustrations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gottfried von Straßburg: "The Story of Tristan and Iseult". Translated from the German by Jessie L. Weston. Illustrations by Caroline Watts. 1899

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guingamor, Launfal, Tyolet, The were-wolf". Translated from the French by Jessie Laidley Weston. Illustrations by Caroline Watts. Nutt, London 1900

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie de France: "Seven of her Lays". Translated from the French by Edith Rickert. Illustrations by Caroline Watts. Nutt, London 1901

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arthur Herbert Leahy (Publisher): "The Courtship of Ferb : an old Irish romance ; transcribed in the twelfth century into the Book of Leinster". Illustrations by Caroline Watts. Nutt, London 1902

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sir Cleges ; Sir Libeaus Desconus : two old English metrical romances". Prose by Jessie L. Weston. Illustrations by Caroline Watts. Nutt, London 1902

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Taylor Coleridge: "Christabel". Illustrations by Caroline Watts. J.M. Dent, London 1904

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sir Gawain at the Grail Castle". Translated from the French by Jessie L. Weston. Illustrations by Caroline Watts. 1904

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katharine Tynan: "The wild harp : a selection from Irish poetry". Illustrations by Caroline Watts. London 1913

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caroline Watts" on Artblogs

alias:
Caroline M. Watts
Caroline Marsh Watts
Watts, Caroline
Watts, Caroline M.

description: British illustrator

wikidata_label: Caroline Watts

wikipedia_title: Caroline Watts


text:
DSO
Royal Navy
Convoy SC 94
St Andrews
Royal Navy
South Africa
Second Boer War
River Niger
HMS Thrush
HMS Glowworm
HMS Ariel
Battle of Dogger Bank
Battle of Heligoland Bight
HMS Goshawk
Battle of Jutland
First Destroyer Flotilla
HMS Vimiera
HMS Valhalla
Mentioned in Dispatches
Distinguished Service Order
HMS Bruce
Fourth Destroyer Flotilla
HMS Mackay
Submarine tender
Malta
Sheerness
HMS Glorious
Second World War
Royal Navy Reserve
HMS Pacific Explorer
Convoy SC 94
Sydney
German submarine U-176
Cape Farewell
St Andrews Cathedral
Liverpool Naval Memorial
Bo'ness
Brimpton

categories: Royal Navy officers of World War I,British military personnel killed in World War II,1942 deaths,People from St Andrews,Royal Navy admirals of World War II,Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,1880 births

paragraph: Dashwood Fowler Moir

paragraph: Vice-Admiral Dashwood Fowler Moir DSO (1880–1942) was a British commander serving with distinction in the Royal Navy in both World Wars who was killed whilst escorting North Atlantic Convoy SC 94. He was one of the most senior Royal Navy officers to be killed in the Second World War.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born on 16 August 1880 in St Andrews in Scotland the son of Dr John Wilson Moir and his wife, Helen Alice Levine.

paragraph: He joined the Royal Navy in July 1894, as soon as he left school. He was posted to South Africa during the Second Boer War.

paragraph: In 1902 he was involved in an expedition along the River Niger on HMS Thrush and was promoted to Lieutenant in June of that year. In 1907 he was placed in charge of HMS Glowworm recently converted to a torpedo boat and renamed TB7. He became Lieutenant Commander in 1910. !n 1912 he became captain of HMS Ariel. He was promoted to Commander in 1914. Moir and the Ariel saw action at the Battle of Dogger Bank and Battle of Heligoland Bight.

paragraph: In October 1914 he transferred to command the destroyer HMS Goshawk, and saw action at the Battle of Jutland at which he was also commander of the First Destroyer Flotilla. In 1917 he was given the new destroyer HMS Vimiera and in July 1918 moved to HMS Valhalla. He was Mentioned in Dispatches following the battle. In March 1918 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order.

paragraph: He left Valhalla in January 1919 and was promoted to Captain in June 1919. In December 1920 he commanded HMS Bruce at the head of the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla. In 1921 he moved to HMS Mackay (a Submarine tender).

paragraph: In 1925/26 he was Flag Captain for the naval dockyards on Malta. In 1929 he took over HM Dockyards in Sheerness. In early 1931 he was given his final large ship: HMS Glorious an aircraft carrier on patrol in the Mediterranean.

paragraph: On 19 July 1931 he was promoted to Rear Admiral but placed on the Retired List on the following day. Still on the Retired List he was promoted to Vice Admiral in 1936.

paragraph: In the Second World War he was created Commodore (Second Class) in the Royal Navy Reserve in October 1941 and put on active duty supporting convoys at the rank of Commodore of Convoy. He successfully led Convoy ON 36 and Convoy HX 165. The latter was controlled from HMS Pacific Explorer to the rear.

paragraph: Convoy SC 94 set off from Sydney Nova Scotia in July 1942. Moir acted as Commodore of the merchant fleet, and placed himself upon the "Trehata". The convoy was discovered by a "wolf pack" (group of German U-boats) and decimated. The Trehata was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-176 on 8 August 1942, near Cape Farewell on the Greenland coast. Moir was declared "missing presumed dead" on the following day.

paragraph: He is memorialised on his parents grave in St Andrews Cemetery, south-east of St Andrews Cathedral.

paragraph: He is also listed on the Liverpool Naval Memorial (panel 1, column 1).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1908 he married Ada Frances Margaret Muirhead. They had two sons and one daughter. William David Moir died in Bo'ness aged only 9.

paragraph: The family later lived at Brimpton near Reading.

description: British commander

wikidata_label: Dashwood Fowler Moir

wikipedia_title: Dashwood Fowler Moir


text: OBE

text: Charles Rolls

text: Claude Johnson

text: Rolls-Royce

text: Alwalton

text: Huntingdonshire

text: Peterborough

text: Ecclesiastical Commissioners

text: Great Northern Railway

text: Leeds

text: Liverpool

text: Hulme

text: limited liability company

text: Trafford Park

text: Second Boer War

text: De Dion

text: Decauville

text: Charles Rolls

text: Midland Hotel

text: Rolls-Royce 10 hp

text: Paris Salon

text: Wright Flyer

text: Derby

text: Le Canadel

text: Crowborough

text: West Wittering

text: "R" engine

text: Schneider Trophy

text: Ramsay MacDonald government

text: Lucy, Lady Houston

text: Supermarine

text: S.6B seaplane

text: W. O. Bentley

text: Bentley

text: Royal Air Force

text: Rolls-Royce Merlin

text: Chorlton-cum-Hardy

text: Knutsford

text: OBE

text: baronet

text: Seaton

text: Westminster Abbey

text: Ninian Comper

text: Loughborough University

text: Queensgate shopping centre

text: "Sir Henry Royce, Bart."

categories: British automobile designers,Automotive pioneers,British founders of automobile manufacturers,1933 deaths,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,English businesspeople,British automotive engineers,Officers of the Order of the British Empire,Burials in Huntingdonshire,Rolls-Royce people,People from Peterborough,1863 births

paragraph: Henry Royce

paragraph: Sir Frederick Henry Royce, 1st Baronet, OBE (27 March 1863 – 22 April 1933) was an English engineer and car designer who, with Charles Rolls and Claude Johnson, founded the Rolls-Royce company.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Royce was born in Alwalton, Huntingdonshire, near Peterborough, in 1863, to James and Mary Royce (née King), as the youngest of their five children. His family ran a flour mill which they leased from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners but the business failed and the family moved to London. His father died in 1872 and Royce had to go out to work selling newspapers and delivering telegrams, having had only one year of formal schooling.

paragraph: In 1878 he started an apprenticeship with the Great Northern Railway company at its works in Peterborough thanks to the financial help of an aunt. After three years the money ran out and, after a short time with a tool-making company in Leeds, he returned to London and joined the Electric Light and Power Company. He moved to their Liverpool office in 1882 working on street and theatre lighting.

paragraph: In 1884, with £20 of savings, he entered a partnership with Ernest Claremont, a friend who contributed £50, and they started a business making domestic electric fittings in a workshop in Cooke Street, Hulme, Manchester, called F H Royce and Company. In 1894 they started making dynamos and electric cranes and F.H. Royce & Company was registered as a limited liability company. The company was re-registered in 1899 as Royce Ltd. with a public share flotation and a further factory opened in Trafford Park, Manchester.

paragraph: Section::::Partnership with Rolls.

paragraph: Following a decline in trade after the Second Boer War, and the arrival of increasing competition in cranes and dynamos from Germany and the United States, Royce began considering the motor car as a potential new product for the company. With his fascination for all things mechanical he became increasingly focused on motor cars and bought first, in 1901, a small De Dion and in 1902 or 1903 a 1901 model two cylinder Decauville. This did not meet his high standards and so he first improved it and then decided to manufacture a car of his own which he did in a corner of the workshop in 1904.

paragraph: Two more cars were made. Of the three, which were called Royce and had two cylinder engines, one was given to Ernest Claremont and the other sold to one of the other directors, Henry Edmunds. Edmunds was a friend of Charles Rolls who had a car showroom in London selling imported models and showed him his car and arranged the historic meeting between Rolls and Royce at the Midland Hotel, Manchester, on 4 May 1904. In spite of his preference for three or four cylinder cars, Rolls was impressed with the two-cylinder Royce 10 and in a subsequent agreement of 23 December 1904 agreed to take all the cars Royce could make. These would be of two, three, four and six cylinders and would be badged as Rolls-Royce.

paragraph: The first Rolls-Royce car, the Rolls-Royce 10 hp, was unveiled at the Paris Salon in December 1904. In 1906 Rolls and Royce formalised their partnership by creating Rolls-Royce Limited, with Royce appointed chief engineer and works director on a salary of £1,250 per annum plus 4% of the profits in excess of £10,000. Royce thus provided the technical expertise to complement Rolls' financial backing and business acumen. By 1907 the company was winning awards for the engineering reliability of its cars.

paragraph: Royce & Company remained in business as a separate company making cranes until 1932 when it was bought by Herbert Morris of Loughborough. The last Royce-designed crane was built in 1964.

paragraph: The partnership ended when Rolls died in 1910 in a crash of his Wright Flyer.

paragraph: Section::::Development of Rolls-Royce.

paragraph: Royce had always worked hard and was renowned for never eating proper meals which resulted in his being taken ill first in 1902 and again in 1911. Ill health had forced his move away from Derby in 1912. In the same year, he had a major operation in London and was given only a few months to live by the doctors. In spite of this he returned to work but was prevented from visiting the factory, which had moved to larger premises, fitted out to detailed plans by Royce, in Derby in 1908. He insisted on checking all new designs and engineers and draughtsmen had to take the drawings to be personally checked by him, a daunting prospect with his well-known perfectionism. He had a villa built at Le Canadel in the south of France and a further home at Crowborough, East Sussex. In 1917, Royce moved to the village of West Wittering, West Sussex.

paragraph: In October 1928, he began design of the "R" engine while walking with some of his leading engineers on the beach at West Wittering, sketching ideas in the sand. Less than a year later, the "R” engine, designed in his studio in the village, set a new world air speed record of 357.7 miles per hour and won the Schneider Trophy of 1929. When the Ramsay MacDonald government decided not to finance the next attempt in 1931, Lucy, Lady Houston, felt that Britain must not be left out of this contest and sent a telegram to the Prime Minister stating that she would guarantee £100,000, if necessary, towards the cost leaving the Government with no alternative but to reverse their previous decision. The result was that Royce found that the "R" could be made to produce more power and the Supermarine S.6B seaplane won the Trophy at on 13 September 1931. Later that month on 29 September, the same aircraft with an improved engine flew at – becoming the first craft to fly at over and breaking the world's speed record.

paragraph: Section::::Bentley, shock absorber and Merlin.

paragraph: In 1931 Rolls-Royce Ltd. bought out the famous firm of W. O. Bentley. A "20/25" engine was put into a chassis and a Bentley radiator fitted. An open four-seater body completed the picture. The engine was "hotted-up" and the car was taken down to West Wittering to get Royce's approval. They were somewhat apprehensive of what he would say, but he gave it his blessing. He told them that such a fast car should have a means of varying the stiffness of the springing. The night before he died he sat up in bed and drew a sketch on the back of an envelope which he gave to Miss Aubin (his nurse and housekeeper) telling her to see that the "boys" in the factory got it safely. He died before it reached Derby. This was the adjustable shock-absorber. Thus, in 1933 the first Bentley made by Rolls-Royce Ltd made its appearance and another famous name is carried on.

paragraph: Following the success of the "R” engine, it was clear that they had an engine that would be of use to the Royal Air Force. As no Government assistance was forthcoming at first, in the national interest they went ahead with development of what was called the "PV-12" engine (standing for Private Venture, 12-cylinder). The idea was to produce an engine of about the same performance as the "R”, albeit with a much longer life. Royce launched the PV-12 in October 1933 and the engine completed its first test in 1934, the year after he died. The PV-12 became the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Henry Royce married Minnie Punt in 1893 and they set up home together in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester, and were joined by his mother, who lived nearby until her death in 1904, and Minnie's niece, Violet. The Royces moved to a newly built house in Knutsford, Cheshire in 1898. The couple separated in 1912.

paragraph: Royce, who lived by the motto "Whatever is rightly done, however humble, is noble", was awarded the OBE in 1918, and was created a baronet, of Seaton in the County of Rutland, in 1930 for his services to British Aviation. He had no children and the baronetcy became extinct on his death.

paragraph: After he fell ill, Royce was looked after by a nurse, Ethel Aubin. He died at his house Elmstead in West Wittering on 22 April 1933 and his remains are now in the parish church of Alwalton, his birthplace.

paragraph: In 1962, a memorial window dedicated to his memory was unveiled in Westminster Abbey. The window is one of a series designed by Ninian Comper and each one is dedicated to the memory of an eminent engineer. He is also commemorated in Royce Hall, student accommodation at Loughborough University, and until 2011 at one of Peterborough's Queensgate shopping centre car parks.

paragraph: He also has a business suite named after him at the Peterborough Marriott Hotel (The Sir Henry Royce Suite), located in the Alwalton business park.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Sir Henry Royce Foundation, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- (RT 11:16) Part 1 (of 3) of a video containing a visit to Royce's grave

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sir Henry Royce, Bart." a 1956 "Flight" article

alias: Sir Frederick Henry Royce, 1st Baronet of Seaton

description: English engineer, car designer, co-founder of Rolls-Royce

enwikiquote_title: Henry Royce

wikidata_label: Henry Royce

wikipedia_title: Henry Royce


text:
singer-songwriter
alternative rock
Pixies
Breeders
Come on Pilgrim
Surfer Rosa
Doolittle
Tanya Donelly
Josephine Wiggs
Britt Walford
Pod
Kelley Deal
platinum
Last Splash
Cannonball
drug rehabilitation
Amps
Pacer
drug rehabilitation
Title TK
Mountain Battles
Josephine Wiggs
Jim Macpherson
Last Splash
All Nerve
Dayton, Ohio
physicist
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
identical twin
Kelley
hard rock
AC/DC
Led Zeppelin
Roger Miller
King of the Road
Wayne High School
Huber Heights
James Blood Ulmer
Undertones
[Elvis] Costello
Sex Pistols
Siouxsie [and the Banshees
folk rock
Ohio State University
associate degree
Kettering College of Medical Arts
cellular biology
biochemical
Boston Phoenix
David Lovering
Come on Pilgrim
feminist
Surfer Rosa
Gigantic
Black Francis
Doolittle
slide guitar
Throwing Muses
Tanya Donnelly
The Breeders
Carrie Bradley
Ed's Redeeming Qualities
Ivo Watts-Russell
Pod
Edinburgh
Steve Albini
Nirvana
Kurt Cobain
Bossanova
Trompe le Monde
Neil Young
I've Been Waiting for You
Alec Eiffel
Last Splash
MTV
Cannonball
vinyl
Lollapalooza
rehab
Title TK
The Amps
Pacer
Guided by Voices
Robert Pollard
This Mortal Coil
Chris Bell
You and Your Sister
Tanya Donnelly
Sonic Youth
Little Trouble Girl
The For Carnation
Bam Thwok
public television
Austin City Limits
Coachella Festival
Lollapalooza
Grant Park
Reading and Leeds Festivals
Alzheimer's disease
Mountain Battles
Fate to Fatal
All Tomorrow's Parties
Wait in the Car
All Nerve
Courtney Barnett
Tell Me How You Really Feel
Come on Pilgrim
Surfer Rosa
Doolittle
Bossanova
Trompe le Monde
Pod
Safari
Last Splash
Live in Stockholm 1994
Head to Toe
Title TK
Mountain Battles
Fate to Fatal
All Nerve
Pacer
pick
Aria
Fender
Precision
Music Man
Stingray
country
Josephine Wiggs
Steinberger
Gibson Thunderbird
Marshall
Seagull
Gibson
Les Paul Goldtop
Joey Santiago
Fender Stratocaster
Strat Ultra
Fender Telecaster
Trace Elliot
SWR
Gallien-Krueger
dbx
Boss DS-1
Title TK
Off You
Mountain Battles
The Breeders
AllMusic

categories: Alternative rock singers,Musicians from Dayton, Ohio,Slide guitarists,American female guitarists,American atheists,Singers from Ohio,Guitarists from Ohio,Pixies (band) members,4AD artists,People from Huber Heights, Ohio,The Breeders members,Female bass guitarists,20th-century women musicians,American rock drummers,American indie rock musicians,1961 births,21st-century women singers,American experimental musicians,Living people,Alternative rock bass guitarists,Noise rock musicians,20th-century American guitarists,American singer-songwriters,Identical twins,American female singers,Twin people from the United States,Twin musicians,Female rock singers,American rock bass guitarists,American alternative rock musicians,American female singer-songwriters

paragraph: Kim Deal

paragraph: Kimberley Ann Deal (born June 10, 1961) is an American singer-songwriter. She rose to prominence as bassist and co-vocalist in the alternative rock band the Pixies, before forming the Breeders in 1989.

paragraph: Deal joined the Pixies in January 1986, adopting the stage name Mrs. John Murphy for the albums "Come on Pilgrim" and "Surfer Rosa". Following "Doolittle" and the Pixies' hiatus, she formed the Breeders with Tanya Donelly, Josephine Wiggs, and Britt Walford. Following the band's debut album "Pod", her twin sister Kelley Deal joined, replacing Tanya Donelly.

paragraph: The Pixies broke up in early 1993, and Deal returned her focus to the Breeders, who released the platinum-selling album "Last Splash" in 1993, with the hit single "Cannonball". In 1994, the Breeders went into hiatus after her sister Kelley entered drug rehabilitation. During the band's hiatus, Deal adopted the stage name Tammy Ampersand and formed the short-lived rock band the Amps, recording a single album, "Pacer" in 1995. After her own stint in drug rehabilitation, Deal eventually reformed the Breeders with a new line-up for the two more albums, "Title TK" in 2002 and "Mountain Battles" in 2008. During that time she would also return to the Pixies when the band reunited in 2004. In 2013, Deal announced she was leaving the Pixies to concentrate on making new material with the Breeders, after the band's most famous line-up (Josephine Wiggs and Jim Macpherson had rejoined the band for the first time since 1995) had reunited for a new series of tours celebrating the 20th anniversary of the band's hit album "Last Splash".

paragraph: In 2018, the Breeders released their fifth album "All Nerve", the first album to reunite the band's most famous line-up (Kim and Kelley, Josephine Wiggs, and Jim Macpherson) since the release of 1993's "Last Splash".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Deal was born in Dayton, Ohio. Her father was a laser physicist who worked at the nearby Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Kim and her identical twin sister Kelley were introduced to music at a young age; the two sang to a "two-track, quarter-inch, tape" when they were "four or five" years old, and grew up listening to hard rock bands such as AC/DC and Led Zeppelin. When Deal was 11, she learned Roger Miller's "King of the Road" on the acoustic guitar. In high school, at Wayne High School in Huber Heights, she was a cheerleader and often got into conflicts with authority. "We were popular girls," Kelley explained. "We got good grades and played sports." Still, growing up in Dayton was "like living in Russia", according to Deal. A friend of Kelley's living in California used to send them cassettes of artists like James Blood Ulmer, Undertones, [Elvis] Costello, Sex Pistols and Siouxsie [and the Banshees]. "These tapes were our most treasured possession, the only link with civilization".

paragraph: As a teenager, she formed a folk rock band named The Breeders with her sister. She then became a prolific songwriter, as she found it easier to write songs than cover them. Deal later commented on her songwriting output: "I got like a hundred songs when I was like 16, 17 ... The music is pretty good, but the lyrics are just like, OH MY GOD. We were just trying to figure out how blue rhymes with you. When I was writing them, they didn't have anything to do with who I was." The Deals bought microphones, an eight-track tape recorder, a mixer, speakers, and amps for a bedroom studio. According to Kelley, they "had the whole thing set up by the time we were 17". They later bought a drum machine "so it would feel like we were more in a band".

paragraph: Following high school, Deal went to seven different colleges, including Ohio State University, but did not graduate from any of them. She eventually received an associate degree in medical technology from Kettering College of Medical Arts and took several jobs in cellular biology, including working in a hospital laboratory and a biochemical lab.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:The Pixies.

paragraph: Deal became the bassist and backing vocalist for the Pixies in January 1986, after answering an advertisement in the "Boston Phoenix" that said, "Band seeks bassist into Hüsker Dü and Peter, Paul and Mary. Please – no chops." Deal was the only person to call them, even though her main instrument was guitar. She borrowed her sister Kelley's bass guitar to use in the band. To complete the lineup, she suggested they hire David Lovering as drummer, a friend of her husband, whom she met at her wedding reception. For the release of the band's first recording "Come on Pilgrim" (1987), Deal used the nom de disque "Mrs. John Murphy" in the liner notes. She chose the name as an ironic feminist joke, after conversing with a lady who wished to be called only by her husband's name as a form of respect.

paragraph: For "Surfer Rosa" (1988), Deal sang lead vocals on the album's only single, "Gigantic", which she co-wrote with Black Francis. "Doolittle" followed a year later, with Deal contributing the song "Silver" and appearing on slide guitar. By this time, however, tensions began to develop between her and Francis, with bickering and standoffs between the two marring the album's recording sessions. This led to increased stress between the band members. Deal commented that during the sessions, it "went from just all fun to work". Exhaustion, from releasing three records in two years and constant touring, contributed to the friction, particularly between Francis and Deal.

paragraph: The tension and exhaustion culminated at the end of the US "Fuck or Fight" tour, where they were too tired to attend the end-of-tour party. The band soon announced a hiatus.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:The Breeders and "Pod".

paragraph: During a 1988 post-"Surfer Rosa" tour of Europe with Throwing Muses as part of the Pixies, Deal began to write new material. As both bands did not have plans for the short term, Deal discussed possible side-projects with Throwing Muses guitarist Tanya Donnelly. After rejecting the idea of creating a dance album together, the pair decided to form a new band. Deal named the band The Breeders, after the folk band she formed with Kelley as a teenager, and they recruited Carrie Bradley, violinist and vocalist in Ed's Redeeming Qualities, to record a short demo tape.

paragraph: The Breeders' demo was sent to 4AD head Ivo Watts-Russell, who immediately signed them to the label. The Breeders allowed Deal to become more active in songwriting, and their debut album, "Pod" (1990), containing mostly Deal-written songs, was recorded in Edinburgh, Scotland by Steve Albini. "Pod", and especially Deal's contribution, was praised by contemporaries; Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain later named the album one of his favorites and remarked: "I wish Kim was allowed to write more songs for the Pixies."

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:"Bossanova" and "Trompe le Monde".

paragraph: Deal returned to the U.S. after finishing recording "Pod" in Edinburgh, but was then fired from the Pixies. Regardless, she flew out to Los Angeles to meet with the band and the other members changed their mind and the four of them began recording the band's next album, "Bossanova" (1990).

paragraph: The band's final studio album was "Trompe le Monde" (1991). The recording sessions were fractious, as the band were hardly ever together during the process.

paragraph: She rarely sang on the band's songs during this time; one of the few tracks she sang on was a cover of Neil Young's "I've Been Waiting for You". () However, Deal did sing on "Trompe le Monde", on songs such as "Alec Eiffel", but did not write any material for the album.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:"Last Splash" and The Breeders.

paragraph: A year after the Pixies' breakup, Deal's identical twin sister Kelley joined The Breeders on lead guitar and the band released its second album, "Last Splash", to critical acclaim and considerable commercial success. The record went platinum within a year of its release.

paragraph: At the height of The Breeders' popularity in the early-mid 1990s, the band scored a number of hit music videos featured heavily on MTV, including "Cannonball," "Safari", "Divine Hammer," and "Saints." The band also released the vinyl-only "Head to Toe" 10" EP during the summer of 1994, when they appeared on the main stage of Lollapalooza. Although the band went into stasis in 1994 when Kelley Deal entered rehab for a heroin addiction, they never officially split up, and in 2002 released "Title TK" (TK is a copyediting mark meaning "to come" and is often used when editing drafts to indicate missing information).

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:The Amps and other projects.

paragraph: During this eight-year hiatus, Deal kept busy by forming, recording, and touring with The Amps.

paragraph: After a few gigs where Deal went by the moniker Tammy Ampersand, The Amps released their single LP, "Pacer". The record had an enthusiastic reception from reviewers, but was commercially unsuccessful.

paragraph: She also produced music for other groups, most notably fellow Dayton band Guided by Voices (one of the songs on "Pacer", "I am Decided," was written by the band's lead singer, Robert Pollard).

paragraph: Deal has contributed her voice to numerous projects, including This Mortal Coil's 1991 version of Chris Bell's "You and Your Sister" (a duet with Tanya Donnelly); the 1995 Sonic Youth single "Little Trouble Girl"; and The For Carnation's "Tales (Live from the Crypt)" in 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Pixies reunion and beyond.

paragraph: In 2004, Deal returned to a newly reunited the Pixies and toured North America with them. The song "Bam Thwok" was also released that year. One notable performance included a live taping for the public television program "Austin City Limits" in October 2004. The Pixies also played the Coachella Festival in 2004 and headlined Lollapalooza in 2005 at Chicago's Grant Park. The Pixies also toured the UK to critical acclaim including a headline appearance at the Reading and Leeds Festivals.

paragraph: In 2003, Deal moved back to her hometown of Dayton to care for her mother who was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. In early April 2008, the Breeders released their fourth full-length studio album, "Mountain Battles". In April 2009, The Breeders released their third EP, "Fate to Fatal". On June 14, 2013, it was announced that Deal had left the Pixies. She has since posted new solo music on her website.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Solo releases, "LSXX", and "All Nerve".

paragraph: In December 2012, Kim Deal played a solo set at the All Tomorrow's Parties "Nightmare Before Christmas" festival in the UK, debuting several new songs. At the same time, she released her first solo single, "Walking with a Killer," and continued to issue further solo releases throughout 2013 and 2014.

paragraph: In April 2013, 4AD released "LSXX", a 20th anniversary edition of The Breeders album "Last Splash". Deal reunited with Kelley Deal, Josephine Wiggs, and Jim Macpherson for a "Last Splash" anniversary tour of North America, Europe, and Australia. In August 2014, it was reported that the same line up were working on new material.

paragraph: A new single, "Wait in the Car", was released on October 3, 2017. On March 2, 2018, the reunited lineup released "All Nerve", their first studio album in ten years, to widespread critical acclaim. In the following months, The Breeders also collaborated on multiple tracks of Courtney Barnett's May 2018 album "Tell Me How You Really Feel", with Kim and Kelley singing backing vocals on the singles "Nameless, Faceless" and "Crippling Self-Doubt and a General Lack of Confidence".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Pixies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come on Pilgrim" (EP, 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Surfer Rosa" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doolittle" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bossanova" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trompe le Monde" (1991)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:The Breeders.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pod" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Safari" (EP, 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Last Splash" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live in Stockholm 1994" (Live album, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Head to Toe" (EP, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Title TK" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mountain Battles" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fate to Fatal" (EP, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All Nerve" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:The Amps.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pacer" (1995)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo 7" single series.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walking With A Killer" b/w "Dirty Hessians" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hot Shot" b/w "Likkle More" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Are You Mine?" b/w "Wish I Was" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Root" b/w "Range On Castle" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Biker Gone" b/w "Beautiful Moon Clear" (2014)

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.:Bass guitars.

paragraph: Kim Deal generally plays four-string solid-body bass guitars and always uses a pick, particularly the "green Dunlops with the little turtle on them", although since the Pixies' reunion she has also been using custom green Dunlops with "KIM" written on them. She prefers having old strings on a bass.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aria Pro II Cardinal Series – The Pixies' first bass belonged to Kelley, and is heard on "Come on Pilgrim", "Surfer Rosa" and seen on the Town & Country live video. It later reappeared in the Kelley Deal 6000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 Fender Precision Reissue – Acquired for use on "Doolittle" on Gil Norton's insistence. It appears in the video for "Here Comes Your Man". On the "Bossanova" album, the Precision was used on "Dig for Fire" for its "lazier, growlier sound" that was "not as boingy-boingy-sproingy".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music Man Stingray – Added in time for "Bossanova" "because it was active and had a different sound" and became her main live bass "because it was a little less country-sounding than the Fender". The instrument was afterwards played by Josephine Wiggs in The Breeders, and by Luis Lerma in The Amps.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinberger headless (but full-bodied, two-cutaway) bass – Bought during the recording of "Trompe Le Monde" because the other basses were out of tune on the higher frets. Deal described it as having a "weird, organ-y sound".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gibson Thunderbird – more recently, her favorite bass that she did not use on the Pixies' reunion, feeling she had to "sound like the records". It is seen played upside-down (left-handed) by Mando Lopez in The Breeders, and by Kim Deal herself in the video for "Biker Gone" (2014).

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.:Guitars.

paragraph: When playing acoustic guitars for rhythm, Kim Deal prefers distorting their sound through Marshall amps, particularly liking the resulting low end. She also pointed out that it almost doesn't depend on the acoustic guitar used.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seagull acoustic

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 Gibson Les Paul Goldtop Reissue – Also played by Joey Santiago up through "Surfer Rosa" (before he acquired his own) and then by Kelley Deal in The Breeders.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fender Stratocaster – The particular model Deal plays is a 1991 Strat Ultra. Kelley Deal also has the same model, which she received as a Christmas present from her sister in 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fender Telecaster has occasionally been played by Kim in The Breeders' live performances since at least the "Last Splash" era. She was also shown using the guitar on the tourbus in the Pixies documentary film "loudQUIETloud" (2006).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gibson hollowbody – Borrowed for use on "Last Splash".

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.:Amplification.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peavey 300 Combo, 1×15" speaker

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trace Elliot bass head – Deal said of the amp: "It's the new series and I don't know what the number is or if there even is a number on there."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trace Elliot 1048H bass cabinet, 4×10" speakers

paragraph: BULLET::::- SWR heads

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marshall JCM 900 head

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marshall cabinets

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gallien-Krueger cabinet, 4×10" speakers

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joe's Light" cabinet, 1×18" speaker – Of this and the Gallien-Krueger she commented: "I hate my cabinets."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sears Tremolo amp with the word 'Marshall' pasted on it.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.:Effects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- dbx 160X Compressor – "I use a compressor live, but only because sound guys seem to like it when I have one onstage, even if it's on bypass."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boss DS-1 Turbo Distortion pedals – Used by both Kim and Kelley.

paragraph: Section::::Recording.

paragraph: Kim Deal uses the "All Wave" philosophy of recording, using no computers, no digital recording, no auto-tuning, nor any other mainstays of contemporary production. The philosophy carries through the entire production and mastering process, including mixing, editing, sequencing, post-production and the exceptional step of an all-analog direct-metal master for the vinyl LP. This process was used on The Breeders' "Title TK", the "Off You" EP, and "Mountain Battles".

paragraph: Deal commissioned the All Wave logo in an effort to identify recordings that follow this method of recording, and possibly start a movement.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Breeders

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Kim Deal] at AllMusic

alias:
Mrs. John Murphy
Tammy Ampersand
Kimberley Ann Deal

description: Alternative rock musician

wikidata_label: Kim Deal

wikipedia_title: Kim Deal


text:
pharmacist
Mesa, Arizona
mayor of Mesa
Arizona State Fair
League of Arizona Cities and Towns
St. David
Safford
Los Angeles
Mesa
Mesa
Mesa
Spring Training
Mesa
Will_Rogers
Mesa
Mesa
Mesa
Maricopa County
Mesa
Maricopa County
Washington DC
Mesa
American Pharmaceutical Association
Mesa
League of Arizona Cities and Towns
Arizona State Fair
Mesa, Arizona
Mesa
League of Arizona Cities and Towns

categories: 1959 deaths,1895 births,Mayors of Mesa, Arizona,20th-century American businesspeople,Burials in Arizona

paragraph: George Nicholas Goodman

paragraph: George Nicholas Goodman (September 5, 1895 – November 3, 1959), was a pharmacist in Mesa, Arizona. He was the mayor of Mesa for 5 different 2 year terms as part of 3 different decades. George Nicholas Goodman served as the executive secretary of the Arizona State Fair Commission at the time of his death, and was the former president of both the Arizona Pharmaceutical Association (now the Arizona Pharmacy Association) and the Arizona Municipal League (now the League of Arizona Cities and Towns).

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Goodman was born in St. David as the oldest of eight children. The family moved to Safford in 1904. June, 30, 1916 George married Clara Platt. Goodman worked at his father-in-law's Arizona drugstores in Pima, Thatcher, and Safford prior to attending pharmacy school in Los Angeles. Clara Platt Goodman and George both took two years to complete pharmacy school and relocated in 1924 to Mesa to open a drugstore in downtown Mesa.

paragraph: Section::::Personal & Family Life.

paragraph: George Nicholas Goodman was an avid baseball fan, specifically fond of the Chicago Cubs. He was mayor of Mesa when the Cubs started holding Spring Training in Mesa in 1952. His love of baseball extended to him personally playing softball as the mayor.

paragraph: Those that knew Goodman best described him as "a man of great humility with a Will_Rogers type philosophy."

paragraph: Goodman was an insulin dependent diabetic who at least one time missed a meeting due to an insulin reaction.

paragraph: Goodman enjoyed riding his palomino horse whenever time permitted and had a corral at his home on N Grand just north of University.

paragraph: Section::::Political Life.

paragraph: George Nicholas Goodman served on the Mesa city council from 1936 to 1948. He ended those 12 years of service when he decided to "retire from politics." Friends persuaded him to run again and he served on the city council from 1952 to 1956. Goodman was popular with the citizens as well as with his fellow councilmen as shown by his five two-year terms as mayor. The people elected the council and the council elected the Mayor.

paragraph: As mayor of Mesa in 1953 Goodman officially pulled the switch that turned on the new electric streetlight system for downtown. The system replaced one installed in 1922 with twice the lighting at half of the energy cost. The new lights were guaranteed to last 6,000 hours.

paragraph: While serving as the mayor of Mesa in 1955 he and others on the city council pondered the idea of forming a new county due to frustration they were experiencing with Maricopa County.

paragraph: In 1956 Goodman's last election effort ended in a recount Goodman where upon he lost by one vote. Having served on the Mesa City Council for 16 years and as mayor for ten of those years he clearly earned the admiration and respect of his peers as shown by the presentation of a gold wristwatch to Goodman by his fellow council members. (The attached article, like many others, say that Goodman was mayor for 12 years. Other documentation shows ten years as mayor. Current records and evidence support the latter.)

paragraph: Section::::Non-Elected Civic Involvement.

paragraph: In January of 1942 Goodman became a board member of a World War II Rationing Board in Maricopa County which included a "federal appointment making him a regularly constituted agent of the federal government. This board honor was done without pay. In April of 1942 Rationing Board Member and Mayor Goodman visited Washington DC to lobby for construction materials for Mesa.

paragraph: Goodman served on the board for the Mesa Chamber of Commerce, as part of the Druggist Old Timers Club, and the American Pharmaceutical Association.

paragraph: Goodman was designated a member of the United States Citizens Service Corps for Arizona on February 21, 1944. According to its handbook "The United States Citizens Service Corps consisted of civilian volunteers who were charged with leading the fight against inefficiency, insecurity and poor health in communities in order to keep the homefront strong during World War II."

paragraph: Goodman served as the president of the Arizona Pharmaceutical Association (now the Arizona Pharmacy Association) during 1947-1948. Under Goodman's leadership the Association passed two significant resolutions: 1)Resolution to increase the length of the pharmacy course at the University of Arizona from four to five years including one year of pre-pharmacy work. 2) Resolution approved the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy and its courses. The approval was required for the accreditation of schools of pharmacy by the American Council on Pharmacy Education.

paragraph: George Nicholas Goodman passionately represented Mesa and other municipalities through his involvement with the Arizona Municipal League (now the League of Arizona Cities and Towns). He served as the vice president of "The League" in 1953, and as the president in 1954.

paragraph: Goodman was appointed executive secretary of the Arizona State Fair Commission in 1956 at an annual salary of $8,400 (equivalent to $77,825.26 in 2018 ). Executive secretary was the highest role and today the title would be president. Goodman passed away unexpectedly in 1959 while in office. Goodman's appointment came after each of the two immediate proceeding executive secretaries resigned, one holding the office for only two weeks. Both of those men were compensated $1,800 a year more than Goodman.

paragraph: According to a eulogy given at Goodman's funeral he served as a Red Cross Chairman.

paragraph: Member of the Mesa Rotary Club, the Southside Sheriff's Posse, the Maricopa County Sheriff's Posse, and the B.P.O. Elks Lodge in Mesa, Arizona.

paragraph: Section::::Awards & Recognition.

paragraph: George Nicholas Goodman was recognized as the Most Valuable Citizen of the Year by Mesa for 1955. This recognition was also called the Man of the Year or the Outstanding Citizen.

paragraph: According to a eulogy given at Goodman's funeral he received the Rotarian Citizenship award in 1955.

paragraph: The League of Arizona Cities and Towns honored Goodman with the recognition of Life Member (highest honor "The League" can give a former member) in 1958.

paragraph: On June 23, 2019 the Arizona Pharmacy Association (AzPA) recognized Goodman posthumously with the Hall of Fame Award as “an Arizona pharmacy pioneer.”

paragraph: Section::::Mesa City Council for Terms Goodman Served.

paragraph: Citizens elected the council to two year terms and the council elected the mayor from their ranks.

paragraph: ! Name !! Role !! June 1936 Term

alias:
George N. Goodman
George Goodman

description: Personal Name

wikidata_label: George Nicholas Goodman

wikipedia_title: George Nicholas Goodman


text:
marine art
India ink
Delfshaven
Guild of Saint Luke
Delft
Dordrechts Museum
draper
Roelof van Salm
Abraham Jacob van der Aa
Johannes Christiaan Schotel
Adriaen van Salm
Artnet

categories: Members of the Delft Guild of Saint Luke,Dutch male painters,18th-century Dutch painters,Dutch marine artists,1660 births,Artists from Rotterdam,1720 deaths

paragraph: Adriaen van Salm

paragraph: Adam, Abraham, or Adriaen van Salm, also van (der) Salm (c.1660–1720), was a Dutch draftsman and painter. He produced primarily marine art. These were done in pen with India ink applied to a cloth or a pre-processed panel.

paragraph: Adriaen van Salm was born in Delfshaven. He was the father of Roelof van Salm and in 1706 he was listed as a draughtsman member of the Guild of Saint Luke in Delft. The Dordrechts Museum mentions further that he was also a schoolmaster and later a draper. Salm was the father and teacher of the artist Roelof van Salm, who wielded the same technique as well as his father and especially scenes of ships and naval battles. When Abraham Jacob van der Aa was writing, he saw a painting by this artist in the collection of the marine painter Johannes Christiaan Schotel.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adriaen van Salm on Artnet

alias:
Abraham Salm
Abraham van Salm
Adrian van der Salm
Adrian Salm
Adriaen Cornelisz van der Salm
Adriaan van der Salm
Abraham
Adriaen Cornelisz. Van Salm
A. Salms
A. Salm

description: Dutch draftsman and painter

wikidata_label: Adriaen van Salm

wikipedia_title: Adriaen van Salm


text: Bob Dylan

text: New Mexico

text: Sunset Strip

text: Whiskey a Go Go

text: Herb Cohen

text: Frank Zappa

text: Tim Buckley

text: Tom Waits

text: Ramblin' Jack Elliot

text: Minnesota

text: Greenwich Village

text: Dylanology

text: Robert Shelton

text: chess

text: Santa Monica, Calif.

text: cerebral aneurysm

text: Pacific Palisades

text: A Dylan Insider’s Back Pages

text: New York Times

categories: 1935 births,2001 deaths,American music people

paragraph: Victor Maymudes

paragraph: Victor Maymudes (1935 – 2001) was Bob Dylan's tour manager at the beginning of his musical success in the early 1960s. After a hiatus in New Mexico, Maymudes rejoined Dylan as his tour manager from 1986 to 1996.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In his unfinished autobiography, posted on a Web site, Maymudes recalled opening the Unicorn coffee house in Los Angeles. The Unicorn (located on the Sunset Strip next to what would become the Whiskey a Go Go) opened in 1957 by Maymudes and Herb Cohen (later well-known rock manager of Frank Zappa, Tim Buckley, and Tom Waits ), was the first of its kind on the West Coast, south of San Francisco. "We had live music and poetry. People would read and play chess," he wrote.

paragraph: In 1961 folk musician Ramblin' Jack Elliot introduced Maymudes to a Minnesota folk musician five years his junior who had just arrived in New York City's Greenwich Village. "We went to the Gaslight Cafè on MacDougal Street, where everyone hung out," Maymudes wrote. "When we came in, Bob Dylan was in the back room where the performers hung out. He had been typing on an old typewriter in the back room. He was a two-finger typer. He was writing a new song. This one would be a hard rain that was going to fall." Maymudes developed his own reputation in the annals of Dylanology. He was "tall, taciturn" with "penetrating dark eyes, turbulent hair and an uncanny

paragraph: ability to keep his mouth shut," wrote Robert Shelton in his 1986 biography of Dylan, "No Direction Home". Photographs show Maymudes playing chess with Dylan and standing enigmatically beside him.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Maymudes died Jan. 27, 2001 at UCLA Hospital in Santa Monica, Calif., a day after he was stricken with a cerebral aneurysm at his home in Pacific Palisades.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Dylan Insider’s Back Pages", "New York Times", August 7, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book review for "Another Side of Bob Dylan" by Victor Maymudes and Jacob Maymudes, Sept. 2014

description: Bob Dylan's tour manager

wikidata_label: Victor Maymudes

wikipedia_title: Victor Maymudes


text:
Chile
comic book
artist
Valparaíso, Chile
Viña del Mar
Santiago
Comiclopedia entry

categories: 1935 births,2006 deaths,People from Valparaíso,Chilean comics artists

paragraph: Máximo Carvajal

paragraph: Máximo Gorky Carvajal Belmar (October 6, 1935 – August 21, 2006) was a Chilean comic book artist.

paragraph: Carvajal was born in Valparaíso, Chile. He studied fine arts in Viña del Mar, later moving to Santiago to study applied arts. Carvajal worked in Chilean comics for nearly 50 years, creating the characters Dr. Mortis and Black Sloane.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comiclopedia entry

description: artist

wikidata_label: Máximo Carvajal

wikipedia_title: Máximo Carvajal