text:
American football
running back
Cincinnati Bengals
National Football League
college football
South Florida
quarterback
Miami Jackson High School
Miami, Florida
touchdowns
University of South Florida
interceptions
Cincinnati Bengals
drive-by shooting
South Florida Bulls bio

categories: Players of American football from Florida,South Florida Bulls football players,American football quarterbacks,1994 births,Sportspeople from Miami,Living people

paragraph: Quinton Flowers

paragraph: Quinton Lenard Flowers (born December 2, 1994) is an American football running back for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at South Florida as a quarterback.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Flowers attended Miami Jackson High School in Miami, Florida. During his career he passed 6,042 yards and had 2,002 yards rushing with 32 touchdowns. He committed to the University of South Florida (USF) to play college football.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: As a true freshman at South Florida, Flowers played in five games and made one start. He finished the season with 111 passing yards and two interceptions and also had 73 yards rushing. Flowers was named the starting quarterback in 2015. He started all 13 games, completing 163 of 276 passes for 2,296 yards with a school record 22 passing touchdowns and eight interceptions. He also rushed for 991 yards and 12 touchdowns. Flowers returned as the starter in 2016. Flowers was the American Athletic Conference Offensive Player of the Year in 2016, rushing for 1,530 yards and 18 touchdowns, while throwing for 2,812 yards and 24 touchdowns with only 7 interceptions. Flowers was second nationally in ESPN's Total QBR statistic in 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Flowers was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent on May 11, 2018 as a running back. He was waived on September 1, 2018 and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on December 28, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Flowers' father died in a drive-by shooting when Quinton was seven years old and his mother died of cancer in 2012. Just days prior to his first career start in 2014, his stepbrother was shot and killed.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- South Florida Bulls bio

description: American-football player (1994-)

wikidata_label: Quinton Flowers

wikipedia_title: Quinton Flowers


text:
Koblenz
Baden-Baden
Stolzenfels Castle
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf
Johann Wilhelm Schirmer
Rudolf Wiegmann
Eifel mountains
Lahn River
Black Forest
Hans Gude
August Leu
August Becker
Wilhelm von Schadow
Heidelberg
court painter
Louis II
Barbizon school
Savoy
stroke
Siege of Paris
University of Freiburg
Full text online
ArtNet: More works by Saal.

categories: German landscape painters,1870 deaths,Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni,Court painters,1817 births,19th-century German painters

paragraph: Georg Saal

paragraph: Georg Eduard Otto Saal (11 March 1817, Koblenz - 3 October 1870, Baden-Baden) was a German painter; known primarily for his landscapes of Norway, although he worked in a wide variety of genres.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His father was a clerk for the city government. He received his first drawing lessons from . By the time of Zick's death, Saal was proficient enough to work on the reconstruction project at the ruins of Stolzenfels Castle. From 1842 to 1846, he attended the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he studied landscape painting with Johann Wilhelm Schirmer and architecture with Rudolf Wiegmann.

paragraph: This was followed by travels to the Eifel mountains, the Lahn River and the Black Forest. His friend from the Akademie, Hans Gude, aroused his interest in Norway, so he spent several months there travelling with August Leu and August Becker. When he returned, the paintings he had created impressed Wilhelm von Schadow, who took him into his Master Class.

paragraph: In 1848, he moved to Heidelberg. He returned to Norway in 1850, visited Switzerland in 1852 and, in 1853, Bavaria. Although he created works that were described as scenes of Greenland, it seems unlikely that he actually went there.

paragraph: Following his marriage in 1853, he relocated to Baden-Baden, where he had been named court painter to Grand Duke Louis II. He remained there for the rest of his life, although he also maintained a residence in Paris after 1857 and became involved with the Barbizon school. In 1864, he made an extended trip to Savoy and England.

paragraph: In 1869, he suffered a stroke, but recovered. The following year, at the beginning of the Siege of Paris, he rushed home and died of a second stroke shortly after arriving.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gabriele Häussermann: "Leben und Werk des badischen Hofmalers Georg Otto Eduard Saal (1817–1870)". Dissertation, University of Freiburg, 2004 (Full text online)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ArtNet: More works by Saal.

alias:
Georg Eduard Otto Saal
george saal
georg saal
georg eckard otto saal

description: German painter

wikidata_label: Georg Saal

wikipedia_title: Georg Saal


href: Entomology England Natural%20History%20Museum%2C%20London London Australia Australian%20Museum Sydney Diptera

text:
entomologist
England
Natural History Museum
London
Australia
Australian Museum
Sydney
flies

wikipedia_title:
Entomology
England
Natural History Museum, London
London
Australia
Australian Museum
Sydney
Fly

categories: 1896 deaths,1863 births,British entomologists

paragraph: Frederick A. Askew Skuse

paragraph: Frederick Arthur Askew Skuse (c. 1863 – 10 June 1896) was a British-Australian entomologist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Frederick Arthur Askew Skuse, son of Thomas Edmund and Jane Skuse, was christened on 17 June 1866 at Saint Mary’s, Portsea, Portsmouth, England.

paragraph: He studied at the Natural History Museum in London before leaving for Australia in 1886. He found a position at the Australian Museum in Sydney and worked on the Australian flies collection. In 1890, he was promoted to Scientific Assistant. He held this position until his early death in 1896. He was the first to scientifically describe the Asian tiger mosquito, "Aedes albopictus", which he named "Culex albopictus".

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1932). "Bibliography of Australian Entomology, 1775-1930, with biographical notes on authors and collectors," Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales (Sydney): viii + 380.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Information at www.asap.unimelb.edu.au

description: British entomologist

wikidata_label: Frederick A. Askew Skuse

wikipedia_title: Frederick A. Askew Skuse


text: Canadian

text: ice hockey

text: goaltender

text: Augsburger Panther

text: Deutsche Eishockey Liga

text: 2009 NHL Entry Draft

text: Edmonton Oilers

text: Marc-André Fleury

text: Rick DiPietro

text: Patrick Roy

text: Quebec Major Junior Hockey League

text: Cape Breton Screaming Eagles

text: RDS Cup

text: ADT Canada-Russia Challenge

text: NHL Central Scouting Bureau

text: 2009 NHL Entry Draft

text: Montreal

text: Edmonton Oilers

text: Canada

text: Mark Visentin

text: Russia

text: 2010–11 season

text: Baie-Comeau Drakkar

text: Calgary Flames

text: Ladislav Šmíd

text: Roman Horák

text: Laurent Brossoit

text: ECHL

text: Idaho Steelheads

text: HDD Olimpija Ljubljana

text: Austrian Hockey League

text: EC VSV

wikipedia_title: Canada men's national junior ice hockey team

wikipedia_title: Russia men's national junior ice hockey team

categories: Acadie–Bathurst Titan players,People from Amqui,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Slovenia,Ice hockey people from Quebec,1991 births,Abbotsford Heat players,Springfield Falcons players,HDD Olimpija Ljubljana players,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Austria,Edmonton Oilers draft picks,Stockton Thunder players,Augsburger Panther players,ETC Crimmitschau players,Living people,Alaska Aces (ECHL) players,Barys Astana draft picks,Idaho Steelheads (ECHL) players,EC VSV players,Canadian ice hockey goaltenders,Cape Breton Screaming Eagles players,Oklahoma City Barons players

paragraph: Olivier Roy (ice hockey)

paragraph: Olivier Roy (; born July 12, 1991) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for Augsburger Panther of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

paragraph: Roy was originally drafted in the fifth round, 133rd overall, in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft by the Edmonton Oilers. His playing style is modeled after several players, including Marc-André Fleury and Rick DiPietro. He is of no relation to former NHL goaltender and head coach Patrick Roy.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Amateur.

paragraph: Roy was selected in the third round, 44th overall, by the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL)'s Cape Breton Screaming Eagles in the 2007 QMJHL Entry Draft. In his first season with Cape Breton, Roy recorded four shutouts and ultimately won the RDS Cup as the League's top rookie.

paragraph: Roy then played for Team Quebec in the 2008 ADT Canada-Russia Challenge, and was named Team Quebec's Player of the Game in their 5–3 win over Team Russia in the first game of the series.

paragraph: Roy was ranked as the second-best North American goaltender available by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau going into the 2009 NHL Entry Draft in Montreal, and on June 27, he was selected by the Edmonton Oilers in the fifth round, 133rd overall.

paragraph: Roy played for Canada at the 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, along with goaltender Mark Visentin, and started the opening game of the tournament against Russia. After three seasons with Cape Breton, Roy was traded to the Acadie-Bathurst Titan for the 2010–11 season, but struggled during the playoffs. In 2012, his rights were traded to the Baie-Comeau Drakkar.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Professional.

paragraph: On March 30, 2011, Roy signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Edmonton Oilers. On November 8, 2013, Roy was traded by the Oilers to the Calgary Flames along with Ladislav Šmíd in exchange for Roman Horák and Laurent Brossoit.

paragraph: On September 30, 2014, as a free agent and without an NHL offer, Roy signed a one-year ECHL contract with the Idaho Steelheads.

paragraph: As a free agent, Roy opted to pursue a European career, and signed a one-year deal with Slovenian club, HDD Olimpija Ljubljana, a member of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL), on July 30, 2015. After one year with Olimpija, he headed to fellow EBEL team EC VSV.

description: Canadian ice hockey goaltender

wikidata_label: Olivier Roy

wikipedia_title: Olivier Roy (ice hockey)


text:
China
Shang dynasty
Taoism
elixir of life
Taoism
Spring and Autumn period
Guoyu
Han dynasty
Shiben
Tang dynasty
Kuodi Zhi
Dapeng
Shang dynasty
Qigong

categories: Longevity myths,Chinese gods,Shang dynasty people,Taoism

paragraph: Peng Zu

paragraph: Peng Zu (彭祖, "Ancestor Peng")(篯铿) is a legendary long-lived figure in China. He supposedly lived over 800 years in the Shang dynasty. Some legends say that one year was 60 days in ancient China; that made him more than 130 years old. Others say he was over 200 years old or over 400 years old. Another says he was accidentally left off of the death list in heaven.

paragraph: Peng Zu was regarded as a saint in Taoism. The pursuit of elixir of life by practitioners of Taoism was highly influenced by Peng Zu. He is well known in Chinese culture as a symbol for longevity, nutrition treatments, and sex therapy treatments. Legend maintains he married more than 100 wives and fathered hundreds of children, as late as in his 800s.

paragraph: According to the Spring and Autumn period's "Guoyu (Discourses of the States)", the Han dynasty's "Shiben (Genealogy)", and the Tang dynasty's "Kuodi Zhi (Record of Geography)", Peng Zu was the founder of Dapeng and made marquis by the kings of the Shang dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Description.

paragraph: One of his life extending techniques was coitus skill, which purportedly extracts female energy into the male body (harvesting from Yin to supplement Yang).

paragraph: He ate naturally and used herbs to enrich his nutrition. He was known for cooking excellent soup. Chinese people believe that his long life, good health, and sexual energy were attributed to the food he ate. His life style emphasized meditation. He was viewed as one of the pioneers of Qigong.

paragraph: The place where he lived and died was called Peng Shan (彭山, "Peng Mountain"), from which the county was named (in Sichuan Province, China). His shrine, tomb, and statue are preserved in Peng Shan County.

paragraph: There is a Peng Zu Festival every year for people to pay respects to his legacy and pray for healthier, happier, and longer lives. His pictures hang in houses all over China and are popular birthday gifts for senior citizens.

description: legendary long-lived figure in China

enwikiquote_title: Peng Zu

wikidata_label: Peng Zu

wikipedia_title: Peng Zu


text: Málaga

text: Madrid

text: Spanish

text: general

text: Rif War

text: Spanish Army of Africa

text: Riffian rebels

text: Battle of Annual

text: Pablo Picasso

text: Melilla

text: Pedro de Estopiñan

text: Nasri

text: Kingdom of Granada

text: kingdom of Fes

text: Wattasid dynasty

text: Berber

text: Zenata

text: Marinids

text: Marinid dynasty

text: Zenata

text: Morocco

text: Algeria

text: Tunisia

text: Maghreb

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Fes

text: Oujda

text: Tripoli

text: Libya

text: Murad III

text: Ismail Ibn Sharif

text: Alaouite dynasty

text: Al-Rashid of Morocco

text: Abdallah IV

text: Abdallah of Morocco

text: Mohammed ben Abdallah

text: Mohammed IV

text: Battle of Tétouan

text: Rif

text: Algeciras

text: Leopoldo O'Donnell

text: Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–1860)

text: Algiers

text: Sahara

text: Hassan I of Morocco

text: Rif

text: Berbers

text: Amazigh

text: Rabat

text: Hassan I of Morocco

text: Abdelaziz of Morocco

text: Abdelaziz of Morocco

text: authoritarianism

categories: Spanish generals,1857 births,People of the Rif War,1935 deaths

paragraph: Juan Picasso González

paragraph: Juan Picasso González (Málaga, 22 August 1857 – Madrid, 5 April 1935) was a Spanish military man and general who participated in the Rif War with the Spanish Army of Africa in late 19th century and early 20th century. He was a military investigation instructor known for "Expediente Picasso" "(Picasso Files)", an investigation report related to the historical defeat of the Spanish Army, some 20,000 soldiers and officers, of which some 8,000 were killed, against the Riffian rebels at the Battle of Annual, 1 July 1921, known as "The disaster of Annual".

paragraph: He was the second-degree uncle of the worldwide famous painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso, through one of his Picasso family nieces.

paragraph: Born at Málaga in 1857 he entered the "Academia de Estado Mayor", 1876, being number one of the school and an accomplished horse rider, participating in October 1893 in a military confrontation in the North African seaside town of Melilla.

paragraph: Section::::The 1893 military confrontation on Melilla.

paragraph: Melilla, located in the African continent, was conquered by Pedro de Estopiñan in 1497, five years after the final conquest of the Nasri Spanish Kingdom of Granada, circa 1035 - 1492.

paragraph: The town of Melilla was at that time ruled by the kingdom of Fes, under the first Fes kingdom Sultan of the Wattasid dynasty Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya (ruling 1472 - 1504), the successor of the Spanish - Berber Zenata dynasty of the Marinids. The Marinid dynasty was a Zenata Berber dynasty, 1215 - 1465, ruling what are now parts of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia in the North African Maghreb being immediately threatened with reconquest by the Wattaside dynasty Berbers.

paragraph: In the Early Modern Age, the Ottoman Empire neared to Fes after the conquest of Oujda in the 16th century. In 1554 the Wattasid Dynasty took Fes with the support of the Turks, and the city became a fairly loose vassal of the Ottomans, but the seaside town of Melilla remained, together with other further East Mediterranean strongholds conquered by the Spaniards going as far as Tripoli in the actual Libya under the military control of the Spaniards to block Ottoman expansion towards the West, the practice of piracy and slave trading and so on.

paragraph: Even so, the Turks managed to conquest the inland town of Fes in 1579 under Ottoman Sultan Murad III. Fes, capital of the Fes Sultanate to which Melilla had been attached till the Spanish conquest of 1497 was finally conquered it in 1579 under Ottoman Sultan Murad III.

paragraph: Melilla was besieged again in 1694–1696 under Ismail Ibn Sharif (reigned 1672–1727), the second ruler of the Alaouite dynasty, successor of his half-brother Al-Rashid of Morocco.

paragraph: Between 1727 and 1745 there were no less than 15 "Sultans" coming out of some bellicose ten children with different mothers fighting for pre-eminence out of several hundred children from Sultan Ismail. It was the son of Abdallah IV, a.k.a. Abdallah of Morocco (ruled 1745 - 1757), Mohammed ben Abdallah "al-Khatib" (c. 1710-1790) (Arabic: محمد الثالث بن عبد الله الخطيب) was Sultan of Morocco from 1757 to 1790 under the Alaouite dynasty the one who tried to reconquer Melilla again, to no avail.

paragraph: Worse still, Sultan Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco from 1859 to 1873 had to endure the Battle of Tétouan, and the conquest of Tétouan, 6 February 1861, at the Rif Northern mountains by the bellicous Spanish Army. The expeditionary Spanish force, which departed from Algeciras, was componed of 36,000 men, 65 pieces of artillery, and 41 ships, which included steamships, sailboats, and smaller vessels while Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan, Prime Minister of Spain, personally took charge of the expedition. It was a highly punishing expedition making part of the Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–1860).

paragraph: When Mohammed IV died in 1873, Morocco was ready to be "protected" from the covetous eyes of the Spaniards, great losers of the American territories in the 1820s and 1830s by the French, conquerors of Algiers in 1830 and expanding by then further and further south of the Sahara. A forward thinking friend of the French interests could be then Hassan I of Morocco, who was Sultan of Morocco from 1873 to 1894.

paragraph: The Northern Rif mountains Berbers however did not pay much attention to these political concoctions pressurized by the Spanish presence in their lands. In the long run, this French future monitoring could be accomplished better and more cheaply, from the Southern Moroccan territories of the Alaouite Sultans, rather ignored by the quarrelsome Berbers from the North, speaking Amazigh, perhaps further down the Rabat, with a view to West African influence on goods supplies and buying of French manufactures from Paris.

paragraph: When Hassan I of Morocco died in 1894 his son and successor, Abdelaziz of Morocco was only 16 years old. Abdelaziz of Morocco, also known as Mulai Abd al-Aziz IV, served as the Sultan of Morocco from 1894 at the age of sixteen, only effective Sultan since 1900 until he was deposed in 1908.

paragraph: It is with these limits and within these limits that joint Spanish-French "protectorate" of Morocco at the beginnings of the 20th Century should be examined in the opinion of some historians.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: "Much of the content of this article comes from , accessed April 12, 2007."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pando Despierto, Juan, born 1943, see his biography in Wikipedia in Spanish. "Historia secreta de Annual". (In Spanish), Ediciones Temas de Hoy. Colección: Historia. Madrid, (1999).. A most fundamental book to understand some 60 –70 years of 20th Century Spanish Military authoritarianism, part of the roots of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, and the raising of Spanish Fascism, circa 1925 onwards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palma Moreno, Juan Tomás. "Annual 1921. 80 años del Desastre". Almena ediciones. Madrid, (2001).

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.fideus.com/esdeveniments%20-%20expediente%20picasso.htm (In Spanish)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/sat/spain/fmoroccospain1859.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.zum.de/whkmla/military/19cen/spanmar18591860.html

description: Spanish general

wikidata_label: Juan Picasso González

wikipedia_title: Juan Picasso González


text: Canadian

text: ice hockey

text: National Hockey League

text: Pittsburgh Penguins

text: Ottawa Senators

text: St. Louis Blues

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: Buffalo Sabres

text: Réseau des sports

text: Montreal Canadiens

text: TVA Sports

text: Drummondville

text: minor ice hockey

text: Shawinigan Cataractes

text: QMJHL

text: GAA

text: 1993 NHL Entry Draft

text: Pittsburgh Penguins

text: Hampton Roads Admirals

text: ECHL

text: Cleveland Lumberjacks

text: IHL

text: New York Rangers

text: Ken Wregget

text: Mighty Ducks of Anaheim

text: Colorado Avalanche

text: San Jose Sharks

text: Calgary Flames

text: Ken Wregget

text: Grand Rapids Griffins

text: Mighty Ducks of Anaheim

text: Sean Pronger

text: Kansas City Blades

text: Long Beach Ice Dogs

text: Ottawa Senators

text: Ted Donato

text: Antti-Jussi Niemi

text: 1999–2000 season

text: Ron Tugnutt

text: Philadelphia Flyers

text: Tom Barrasso

text: Toronto Maple Leafs

text: Philadelphia Flyers

text: Presidents' Trophy

text: Ed Belfour

text: New York Islanders

text: Philadelphia Flyers

text: Stanley Cup champion

text: New Jersey Devils

text: Battle of Ontario

text: Joe Nieuwendyk

text: Dominik Hašek

text: free agency

text: St. Louis Blues

text: 2005 NHL Entry Draft

text: lockout

text: 2005–06 season

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: AHL

text: Peoria Rivermen

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: Nikolai Khabibulin

text: Vancouver Canucks

text: goals against average

text: save percentage

text: Buffalo Sabres

text: Ryan Miller

text: RDS

text: TVA Sports

text: NHL

text: Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy

text: Ottawa Senators

text: Warner Brothers

text: Marvin the Martian

text: Buffalo Sabres

text: Off The Record

text: Off The Record

categories: Peoria Rivermen (AHL) players,Ice hockey people from Quebec,National Hockey League All-Stars,People from Centre-du-Québec,Ottawa Senators players,Shawinigan Cataractes players,Pittsburgh Penguins draft picks,Norfolk Admirals players,Grand Rapids Griffins (IHL) players,Living people,Buffalo Sabres players,Canadian people of French descent,Pittsburgh Penguins players,Cleveland Lumberjacks players,Hampton Roads Admirals players,Canadian ice hockey goaltenders,Ottawa Senators broadcasters,National Hockey League broadcasters,1974 births

paragraph: Patrick Lalime

paragraph: Patrick Lalime (born July 7, 1974) is a Canadian professional ice hockey broadcaster and former player. Lalime played twelve seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Pittsburgh Penguins, Ottawa Senators, St. Louis Blues, Chicago Blackhawks and Buffalo Sabres. Lalime retired from playing in 2011 to join the Réseau des sports (RDS) television network covering the Ottawa Senators, but has since left RDS to cover the Montreal Canadiens and the NHL for TVA Sports.

paragraph: Section::::Pre-NHL years.

paragraph: As a youth, Lalime played in the 1988 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Drummondville Voltigeurs minor ice hockey team.

paragraph: Lalime played his junior hockey with the Shawinigan Cataractes of the QMJHL. In 1992–93, Lalime posted a 10–24–4 record with a GAA of 4.67 and a .863 save percentage as the team failed to make the playoffs. In the 1993 NHL Entry Draft, Lalime was chosen by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the sixth round, the 156th overall pick. In 1993–94, he returned to the Cataractes and posted a 22–20–2 record with a GAA of 4.22. In the playoffs, Lalime struggled badly with a 1–3 record and GAA of 6.73.

paragraph: In 1994–95, Lalime moved to the Hampton Roads Admirals of the ECHL where he posted a solid 15–7–3 record, a GAA of 3.35 and save percentage of .898 until January 1995. Then on January 26, Lalime signed a contract with the Penguins, who then assigned him to the Cleveland Lumberjacks of the IHL. He struggled with the Lumberjacks, with a 7–10–4 record and a 4.44 GAA and save percentage of .882.

paragraph: In 1995–96, Lalime remained with the Lumberjacks, and helped lead the team to the playoffs with a 20–12–7 record, 3.86 GAA and save percentage of .893 in 41 games. He was recalled to the Penguins twice in December 1995 and served as a backup goalie for nine games, but never saw any action. He also served as a backup for the Penguins in the playoffs for four games and did not participate in Cleveland's playoff run.

paragraph: Section::::NHL years.

paragraph: Section::::NHL years.:Early success.

paragraph: Lalime went back to Cleveland for a third season in 1996–97 and remained with the Lumberjacks until early November. The Penguins then called him up and Lalime made his NHL debut on November 16 against the New York Rangers, as he replaced Ken Wregget midway through the game, allowing three goals on 14 shots in an 8–3 loss. Lalime's next appearance was on December 6, replacing Wregget after the first period down 2–0, but Lalime made 16 saves and the Penguins rebounded for a 5–3 win, giving him his first career victory. Lalime was given the start the next night against the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, and he responded with 30 saves in a 5–3 victory. Lalime would go on to set an NHL record with the longest unbeaten streak to begin a career (16 games with a 14–0–2 record) before suffering his first defeat on January 23, a 4–3 OT loss to the Colorado Avalanche. During the streak, Lalime recorded his first shutout, a 4–0 win over the San Jose Sharks on December 13, and had a 49 save performance against the Calgary Flames on January 21, a 4–2 Penguins victory. After the streak ended, Lalime cooled off for the rest of the season and finished off with a 21–12–2 record, 2.94 GAA and a save percentage of .913. With Cleveland, Lalime was 6–6–2 with a 3.24 GAA. He dressed as the backup to Ken Wregget during the Penguins five playoff games that year. For his efforts, he was named to the NHL's All-Rookie Team.

paragraph: In 1997–98, Lalime and the Penguins could not agree on a contract, and he spent the season with the Grand Rapids Griffins of the IHL, appearing in 31 games and posting a 10–10–9 record with a team leading GAA of 2.61 and .918 save percentage. On March 24, 1998, the Penguins traded his rights to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim for Sean Pronger, but Lalime stayed with the Griffins, and played in one playoff game, allowing four goals in an overtime loss.

paragraph: In 1998–99, he failed to make the Mighty Ducks team during the pre-season, and the club assigned him to the Kansas City Blades of the IHL. Lalime rewrote the team's record book with a 39–20–4 record, a 3.01 GAA and a save percentage of .900. He was named IHL goaltender of the month for March and earned a first team all-star selection after leading the league in wins, minutes played (3789) and saves (1708). In the playoffs, Lalime went 1–2 with a 2.08 GAA as Kansas City lost to the Long Beach Ice Dogs in the first round.

paragraph: Section::::NHL years.:Senators.

paragraph: The Mighty Ducks traded Lalime to the Ottawa Senators for Ted Donato and Antti-Jussi Niemi on June 18, and he opened the 1999–2000 season as a Senator as he and Ron Tugnutt would split duties. Lalime began his Senators career with a 3–0 shutout victory over the Philadelphia Flyers on October 2. He would go on and have a solid season with a 19–14–3 record, a GAA of 2.33 and save percentage of .905. The Senators would trade Tugnutt to Pittsburgh in March for Tom Barrasso, and Lalime would serve as his backup for the remainder of the season. Lalime dressed for six playoff games against the Toronto Maple Leafs, but did not see any action as the Senators were put out in the first round.

paragraph: The Senators gave Lalime the starting job in 2000–01, and he responded with a 36–19–5 record, 2.35 GAA, and a save percentage of .914 and helped the Senators to winning the Northeast Division, despite missing ten games with a sprained left MCL in mid-October. He was named NHL Player of the Week twice (November 27–December 3 and February 12–18). In the playoffs, the Senators would meet the Maple Leafs for the second consecutive season, and Lalime played very well, with a GAA of 2.39, however the Senators struggled to score goals and were eliminated in four games.

paragraph: In 2001–02 Lalime had a 27–24–8 record, 2.48 GAA and .903 save percentage. He was second in the league with seven shutouts and set a club record with a 149:41 shutout streak from October 23 to November 10. In the playoffs, the Senators faced off with the Philadelphia Flyers and were heavy underdogs, however, Lalime was unbeatable, as he allowed only two goals as Ottawa defeated the Flyers in five games. His GAA for the series was 0.40, and he had a .985 save percentage. In the second round, the Senators met up with the Maple Leafs for the third straight year, and with a 5–0 game one win, Lalime tied an NHL playoff record with four shutouts. However the Maple Leafs stormed back and eventually won the series in seven games. Lalime finished the 2002 playoffs with a 7–5 record and a 1.39 GAA.

paragraph: In 2002–03, the Senators won the Presidents' Trophy for having the best regular season record, and Lalime led the way with a 39–20–7 record, 2.16 GAA and .911 save percentage. He was second in the NHL in wins, shutouts (8), fourth in minutes (3943) and fifth in GAA. He appeared in his first all-star game on February 2 after Ed Belfour pulled out with an injury. He made 18 saves on 19 shots in 25 minutes, then he allowed three goals during the shootout and took the loss. He broke his own record for shutout streak with 184:06 from January 9 to 18. In the playoffs, he helped the Senators defeat the New York Islanders in five games, then the Philadelphia Flyers in six games, before losing to the eventual Stanley Cup champion New Jersey Devils in seven games in the Eastern Conference Final. Lalime had an 11–7 record and GAA of 1.82 during the playoffs.

paragraph: In 2003–04, Lalime finished with a 25–23–7 record with a 2.29 GAA and save percentage of .905. In the opening round of the playoffs, the Senators would meet their Battle of Ontario opponents, the Maple Leafs for the 4th time in 5 years. Lalime struggled during the series, allowing the opening goal in every game, and despite the Senators heavily outshooting the Maple Leafs, the series was tied after six games. In game seven, Lalime allowed two soft goals to Joe Nieuwendyk, and after the first period he was pulled out of the game with the Senators losing 3–0. They would eventually lose 4–1 and lost to the Maple Leafs for the fourth time in the playoffs. It marked the end of Lalime's playing time in Ottawa.

paragraph: Section::::NHL years.:Post-Ottawa years.

paragraph: After acquiring star goaltender Dominik Hašek via free agency, the Senators decided to trade Lalime to the St. Louis Blues for a fourth round conditional pick in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft on June 27, 2004. Lalime was set to be the Blues starter during the 2004–05 season, however the lockout wiped out the season, and Lalime did not play any hockey that year.

paragraph: During the 2005–06 season, he earned his first win with the Blues on October 11 against the Chicago Blackhawks, making 32 saves in a 4–1 victory. However, this was a season to forget for Lalime, as he finished the year with a 4–18–8 record, 3.64 GAA and a .881 save percentage. He also spent a part of the season in the AHL, where he posted a record of 6–6–1, 2.86 GAA and .903 save percentage with the Peoria Rivermen. On April 2, Lalime played his final game as a Blue, as he suffered a torn ACL that had him out for the remainder of the season.

paragraph: On July 1, 2006, Lalime was signed by the Chicago Blackhawks to a one-year, $700,000 contract, likely to be the backup to Nikolai Khabibulin. He ended up being injured just before training camp with a herniated disk. In his debut as a Blackhawk on February 7, 2007, Lalime stopped 34 shots and shut out the Vancouver Canucks as Chicago won the game 3–0. He went 4–6–1 in 12 games during the regular season with a 3.07 goals against average and a .896 save percentage. His play with the Blackhawks was good enough for the club to re-sign him to another one-year contract, this one worth $950,000.

paragraph: On July 1, 2008, Lalime was signed by the Buffalo Sabres to a two-year, $2 million contract to play backup to Ryan Miller. In his first season with the Sabres, Lalime recorded a 5-13-3 record with a 3.10 goals against average.

paragraph: On July 20, 2011, Lalime retired from the NHL and became an analyst on Ottawa Senators television broadcasts on RDS. Lalime worked 15 Senators games on the French-language network during the 2011-12 season as well as contributing to other hockey shows. He quit RDS in 2014 to become the primary NHL analyst for TVA Sports.

paragraph: Section::::Records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- On May 2, 2002, Lalime became the fourteenth goaltender in NHL history to record four shutouts in one postseason, with a 27-save, 5–0 victory, in Toronto over the Maple Leafs. The win gave Lalime's Senators a 1–0 lead in their Eastern Conference Semifinal series.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Owns the Senators record for wins in a season (39 in 2002–03), along with career playoff wins (21).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Longest unbeaten streak to start an NHL career: 16 games (14 wins, 2 ties)

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nominated for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy (2008)

paragraph: Section::::Mask creativity.

paragraph: Lalime is known for his distinguishing goalie mask theme - the use of cartoon eyes. His first mask in Pittsburgh featured a penguin with its eyes peeking through the ice. When he played for the Ottawa Senators, Lalime's mask featured the Warner Brothers cartoon character Marvin the Martian. The use of the character was inspired by the similarity of Marvin's costume to the Senators team logo. However, after a terrible St. Louis start (and getting sent to the minors), Lalime came back to the lineup with a completely different goalie mask which still featured the Marvin the Martian theme. This trend continued in Chicago, where Lalime had the same theme going with his Blackhawks helmet, though during that time, Marvin featured an Indian headdress. In 2010, Lalime signed a deal with the Buffalo Sabres and wore a mask featuring Marvin with the horns of a buffalo.

paragraph: Section::::Mask creativity.:TV guest appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- RDS - May 2, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- RDS - April 25, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- TSN's Off The Record - April 19, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- TSN's Off The Record - May 12, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- TVA sports - Hockey analyst

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Patrick Lalime

wikipedia_title: Patrick Lalime


text: literature

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Smithsonian Institution

text: Washington, D.C.

text: English literature

text: Philadelphia

text: Girard College

text: St. Johns College, Annapolis

text: Maryland

text: Cornell University

text: rhetoric

text: Cornell University

text: "Chaucer's Legende of Goode Women"

text: Satires of Juvenal

text: "Jottings on the Text of Hamlet"

text: "The Aims of Literary Study"

text: Canterbury Tales

text: Milton

text: Pierre Janet

categories: 19th-century American writers,Cornell University faculty,20th-century American male writers,Writers from Philadelphia,19th-century American male writers,American literary critics,1828 births,Smithsonian Institution people,St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) faculty,1911 deaths,20th-century American non-fiction writers

paragraph: Hiram Corson

paragraph: Hiram Corson (November 6, 1828 – June 15, 1911) was an American professor of literature.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Corson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He held a position in the library of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (1849-1856), was a lecturer on English literature in Philadelphia (1859-1865), and was professor of English at Girard College, Philadelphia (1865-1866), and in St. Johns College, Annapolis, Maryland (1866-1870). In 1870-1871 he was professor of rhetoric and oratory at Cornell University, where he was professor of Anglo-Saxon and English literature (1872-1886), of English literature and rhetoric (1886-1890), and from 1890 to 1903 (when he became professor emeritus) of English literature, a chair formed for him. His papers are held at Cornell University.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chaucer's Legende of Goode Women" (editor). 1863.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Elocutionary Manual". Charles Desilver. 1864.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Satires of Juvenal" (translator). 1868.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jottings on the Text of Hamlet". 1874. (The reference to "Jottings on the Text of Macbeth" in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article appears to be a mistake for "Jottings on the Text of Hamlet".)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The University of the Future". 1875.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Aims of Literary Study". 1895.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Voice and Spiritual Education". 1896.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selections from Chaucer's Canterbury Tales" (editor). 1896.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Introduction to the Study of Milton". 1899.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The voice and spiritual education". Macmillan. 1904.

paragraph: He edited a translation by his wife, Caroline Rollin (d. 1901), of Pierre Janet's "Mental State of Hystericals" (1901).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Norman Highley, ed. "The Corson family: a history of the descendants of Benjamin Corson, son of Cornelius Corssen of Staten Island, New York", H.L. Everett, 1906.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brief biography about Hiram's life at Cornell

description: American professor of literature

wikidata_label: Hiram Corson

wikipedia_title: Hiram Corson


text: Massachusetts

text: metalcore

text: Killswitch Engage

text: Berklee College of Music

text: Boston

text: Slayer

text: Anthrax

text: Zakk Wylde

text: Aftershock

text: Killswitch Engage

text: Adam Dutkiewicz

text: guitar solo

text: Holy Diver

text: Times of Grace

text: Mesa Boogie

text: Marshall

text: Soldano

text: Hughes and Kettner

text: Framus

text: Peavey 5150

text: Diezel VH4

text: Fuchs

text: Fender Twin

text: Vox AC30

text: Laney Amplification

text: Caparison Guitars

text: Killswitch Engage

text: Disarm the Descent

text: Celestion

text: Maxon

text: Boss Corporation

text: Korg

text: Audio-Technica

text: D'Addario

text: Planet Waves

text: Through the Looking Glass

text: Killswitch Engage

text: Alive or Just Breathing

text: The End of Heartache

text: As Daylight Dies

text: Killswitch Engage

text: Disarm the Descent

text: Incarnate

categories: 1980 births,American heavy metal guitarists,Living people,Rhythm guitarists,American people of German descent,Killswitch Engage members,21st-century male musicians,Berklee College of Music alumni,Aftershock (band) members,21st-century American guitarists,American male guitarists

paragraph: Joel Stroetzel

paragraph: Joel Michael Stroetzel (born July 24, 1980) is best known as the rhythm guitarist from the Massachusetts metalcore band Killswitch Engage.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Stroetzel attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston but did not graduate. Stroetzel's guitar style is influenced by the bands Slayer, Anthrax, Zakk Wylde, as stated on the World Ablaze DVD.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: While at college Stroetzel began playing in the band Aftershock. The band broke up in 1999, when Joel formed Killswitch Engage along with Adam Dutkiewicz.

paragraph: During with Killswitch Engage his role in the band has stayed the same. Joel plays the guitar solo in the track Holy Diver and is seen occasionally singing during "The End of Heartache" in live.

paragraph: Joel Stroetzel joined for Times of Grace as touring musician.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Stroetzel has used a wide variety of guitars and amps throughout his career, including the Mesa Boogie Roadster and Triple Rectifier heads, a Marshall JCM900, a modified Soldano SLO-100, and a Hughes and Kettner TriAmp MKII, which he did not like for metal because he said it "didn't hold together well." He has also used the Framus Cobra and Dragon, the Peavey 5150, the Splawn Nitro, the Diezel VH4, the Fuchs Viper, and the Fender Twin '65 Reverb and Vox AC30 for clean tones. He is currently endorsed by Laney Amplification, used their Ironheart series of amplifiers and currently using Iommi's signature amplifier TI-100.

paragraph: Joel is proudly endorsed by Caparison Guitars and uses the Caparison Dellinger, Horus, TAT, and Angelus models. Caparison produces the Dellinger-JSM – Joel Stroetzel Signature Model, which is similar to an Angelus, but with a narrower body and longer horns, somewhat a cross between a TAT Special and an Angelus. It has a Caparison Fixed Bridge and through body stringing, with Fishman Fluence Killswitch Engage Signature pickups, a walnut top, mahogony back, and a 5-piece maple and walnut neck. It is the first Caparison guitar to have a pick guard.

paragraph: For tracking the recent Killswitch Engage album, Disarm the Descent, both he and Dutkiewicz used Laney and Fuchs amps, using the Laney Ironheart head alongside a Fuchs Mantis (also known as the Viper).

paragraph: In his current live amp rig, he uses both Laney and Fuchs amps, making use of a Laney IRT120H head with a Celestion Vintage 30-loaded Laney Ironheart 4x12 cabinet for his distorted tones, and a Fuchs Clean Machine, being attenuated by a Jet City Jettenuator, for clean tones.

paragraph: For his current live effects rig, he makes use of a Maxon OD808 Overdrive, Maxon AD-9 delay, Maxon CP-9 Pro+ compressor, Boss Corporation NS-2 Noise Suppressor, Boss ABY switcher, Jet City JetDirect DI box, and a Korg DTR2000 tuner. For wireless, he uses an Audio-Technica 5000 Series.

paragraph: He currently uses D'Addario EXL115 (.011–.049) strings and Planet Waves Black Ice 1.10mm picks.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Aftershock.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Through the Looking Glass" (2000) – Guitar

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Killswitch Engage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Killswitch Engage" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alive or Just Breathing" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The End of Heartache" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "As Daylight Dies" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Killswitch Engage" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Disarm the Descent" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Incarnate" (2016)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joel Stroetzel's 2005 Killswitch Engage guitar rig from GuitarGeek.Com

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Joel Stroetzel

wikipedia_title: Joel Stroetzel


text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Maratha empire

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Panhala fort

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Afzal Khan

text: Bijapuri

text: Pratapgad

text: Maratha

text: Panhala

text: Kolhapur

text: Netaji Palkar

text: Shivaji

text: maharaj

text: Abyssinian

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Panhala

text: Vishalgad

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Ghodkhind Pass

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: cannon

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: siege

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Sri Aurobindo

text: Panhala Fort

text: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar

text: Thane

text: Ambarnath

text: Thane

text: Maharashtra

text: Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu

text: Pune

text: Babasaheb Purandare

text: Quit India Movement

text: Indira Gandhi

text: Government of Maharashtra

text: Tanaji Malusare

text: Netaji Palkar

text: Shivaji

text: Maharaj

text: Read about Bajiprabhu deshpande

text: HinduJagruti.org

categories: People from Maharashtra,1615 births,Hindu warriors,People of the Maratha Empire

paragraph: Baji Prabhu Deshpande

paragraph: Baji Prabhu Deshpande (c. 1615-1660) was a commander of Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha empire. The well celebrated legend of Baji Prabhu is intricately linked with an important rear guard battle enabling Shivaji Maharaj's escape from Panhala fort; he was the hero who sacrificed his life for his king.

paragraph: Baji Prabhu had mastered the art of using a weapon called "Dand Patta".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Baji Prabhu was 15 years elder to Shivaji Maharaj, this means he was born around 1615. He was born in a CKP (Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu) family.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Pavan Khind.

paragraph: After defeating Afzal Khan and the rout of the Bijapuri army at Pratapgad, Shivaji continued to push deep into Bijapuri territory. Within a few days, the Marathas captured Panhala fort (near the city of Kolhapur). Meanwhile, another Maratha force, led by Netaji Palkar, pushed straight on towards Bijapur. Bijapur repulsed this attack, forcing Shivaji maharaj, some of his commanders and soldiers to retreat to Panhala fort.

paragraph: The Bijapuri force was led by Siddhi Johar, an Abyssinian general. Discovering Shivaji Maharaj's location, Johar laid siege to Panhala. Netaji Palkar made repeated attempts to break the Bijapuri siege from outside, but these failed.

paragraph: Finally, a very audacious and high-risk plan was hatched and put into action: Shivaji, Baji Prabhu Deshpande with a select band of troops would attempt to break through the siege at the night, and make for Vishalgad. In order to deceive the Bijapuri forces, who would give a chase once they found that Shivaji Maharaj had broken the siege, Shiva Nhavi, who had an uncanny physical resemblance to Shivaji Maharaj, volunteered to dress like the king and let himself be captured.

paragraph: On a stormy full moon's night (night of Guru Pournima, Ashadh Paurnima) a band of 600 select men, led by Baji Prabhu and Shivaji Maharaj, broke through the siege. They were hotly pursued by the Bijapuri force. As planned, Shiva Nhavi allowed himself to be captured and taken back to the Bijapuri camp, fully comprehending that he would be put to death once the charade was discovered. This sacrifice, however, gave the fleeing Maratha force some breathing space.

paragraph: As soon as the Bijapuri force realized their mistake, the chase was on again, led by Siddhi Masood, the son-in-law of Siddhi Johar. Near the pass of Ghodkhind (Horse's Pass), the Marathas made a final stand. Shivaji Maharaj and half of the Maratha force pushed for Vishalgadh, while Baji Prabhu, his brother Phulaji and the remaining "Bandal Sena" of about 300 men blocked the pass and fought against 10000 Bijapuri soldiers in the Ghodkhind Pass for more than 18 hours.

paragraph: Tradition and legend describe feats of valour displayed by the Marathas during this rear-guard action. Through the entire battle, Baji Prabhu, even though grievously injured, continued fighting, inspiring his men to fight on until Shivaji Maharaj's safe journey to Vishalgadh was signaled by the firing of three cannon volleys. It should be mentioned that when Shivaji Maharaj approached Vishalgad with 300 men, the fort was already under siege by Bijapuri sardars named Suryarao Surve and Jaswantrao Dalvi. Shivaji Maharaj with his 300 men had to defeat Surve to reach the fort.

paragraph: Section::::Accolades.

paragraph: The Ghodkhind pass was subsequently named "Pavan Khind" ("Holy Pass") () by Shivaji Maharaj, in honor of the sacrifice of Baji Prabhu and his troops. Shivaji Maharaj honoured Baji Prabhu's family with "maanache pahile paan" ("Honor of the Court") (Marathi: मानाचे पहिले पान).

paragraph: Sri Aurobindo, composed an English poem, , in 1909, that describes his heroic sacrifice at the battle at the Panhala Fort.

paragraph: Freedom fighter Vinayak Damodar Savarkar wrote a Ballad on Baji Prabhu but it was banned by the colonial British government. This ban was lifted on May 24th, 1946.

paragraph: A street is named after him in Thane and Ambarnath, India, and a film based his story was made in 1929. A square is named after Baji Prabhu Deshpande in Nagpur City (Dist Nagpur) and Dombivali (District Thane - Maharashtra).

paragraph: In 2002, it was reported that political leaders would unveil a bust of Baji Prabhu at the Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu trust office in the city of Pune on July 13, Baji Prabhu's death anniversary. Ashok Deshpande, president of the trust said that the bust has been sculpted by noted city sculptor Vivek Khatavkar under the guidance of history scholars Babasaheb Purandare and Ninad Bedekar.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: According to a news article in 'The Hindu'and Zee News, one of Baji Prabhu's descendant was Ramchandra Kashinath Deshpande. He was an Indian freedom fighter against the British rule, educationalist and social activist who worked in Dhule, Jalgaon and Pune for encouraging education. He participated in the Quit India Movement during the British rule and was imprisoned for 19 months in the Kolhapur Central Jail. He was felicitated after Independence by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. For his social work he was given the title of ‘Special Executive Magistrate’ by the Maharashtra government in 1989. His daughter, Priya Raje, has filed a case against the Government of Maharashtra as the 5 acre land granted to her father has now been encroached on and used as cremation ground.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tanaji Malusare, another Sardar known for his valor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Netaji Palkar, Sardar Senapati (Commander-in-Chief) Shivaji Maharaj.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A history of the Maratha people p.168-171

paragraph: BULLET::::- Read about Bajiprabhu deshpande

paragraph: BULLET::::- HinduJagruti.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Full text of "Ethnographical notes on Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu"

description: Hindu warrior

wikidata_label: Baji Prabhu Deshpande

wikipedia_title: Baji Prabhu Deshpande


text:
Duke of Brittany
Bertha, Duchess of Brittany
Alan, Earl of Richmond
Earl of Richmond
Constance
House of Penthièvre
Duchess Bertha
Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond
Odo, Viscount of Porhoet
Hoel, Count of Nantes
Geoffrey VI, Count of Anjou
Earl of Richmond
Henry II of England
Duchy of Brittany
language
Conan III
county of Nantes
Henry II
Earldom of Richmond
Margaret
William the Lion
Geoffrey
Richard the Lionheart
Constance
Dukes of Brittany family tree

categories: Dukes of Brittany,1171 deaths,1138 births,Earls of Richmond (1136)

paragraph: Conan IV, Duke of Brittany

paragraph: Conan IV (1138 – February 20, 1171), called the Young, was the Duke of Brittany from 1156 to 1166. He was the son of Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, and her first husband, Alan, Earl of Richmond. Conan IV was his father's heir as Earl of Richmond and his mother's heir as Duke of Brittany. Conan and his daughter Constance would be the only representatives of the House of Penthièvre to rule Brittany.

paragraph: Section::::Accession.

paragraph: Conan was the son of Duchess Bertha by her first husband, Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond. With the death of his mother in early 1156, Conan IV expected to inherit the ducal throne. However, he was denied his inheritance by his stepfather, Odo, Viscount of Porhoet, who refused to relinquish authority. Odo may have entered into a pact with Conan's maternal uncle, Hoel, Count of Nantes, with the goal of dividing Brittany between them. Being under threat of rebellion in Nantes, sponsored by Geoffrey VI, Count of Anjou, Hoel could not send Odo any aid. Within the year Conan IV was able to capture and imprison Odo and claim his inheritance.

paragraph: Conan also inherited the title Earl of Richmond from his father Alan, which made him subject to both the King of England and the King of France.

paragraph: Section::::Plantagenet ambitions.

paragraph: Henry II of England, the Count of Anjou, attempted to obtain control of the Duchy of Brittany, which neighboured his lands and had traditionally been largely independent from the rest of France, with its own language and culture. The Breton dukes held little power across most of the duchy, which was mostly controlled by local lords. In 1148, Duke Conan III died and civil war broke out. Henry claimed to be the overlord of Brittany, on the basis that the duchy had owed loyalty to Henry I, and saw controlling the duchy both as a way of securing his other French territories and as a potential inheritance for one of his sons. Initially Henry's strategy was to rule indirectly through proxies, and accordingly Henry supported Conan IV's claims over most of the duchy, partly because Conan had strong English ties and could be easily influenced. Conan's uncle, Hoel, continued to control the county of Nantes in the east until he was deposed in 1156 by Henry's brother, Geoffrey, possibly with Henry's support.

paragraph: When Geoffrey of Anjou died in 1158, Conan attempted to reclaim Nantes but was opposed by Henry who annexed it for himself. Louis took no action to intervene as Henry steadily increased his power in Brittany. Conan's control of Nantes had the effect of reuniting Brittany. Henry II, responded by seizing the Earldom of Richmond, Conan's paternal inheritance, and demanded the return of Nantes. Conan and Henry made peace, and in 1160 Conan married Henry's cousin Margaret, sister of the Scottish king William the Lion.

paragraph: Section::::Unrest and abdication.

paragraph: Conan faced several revolts from his own nobles, rebellions possibly covertly supported by England. To put down the unrest, the Duke appealed for help to Henry II, who, in return, demanded the betrothal of Constance to Henry's younger son Geoffrey.

paragraph: While local Breton nobles began to rebel against Conan IV, Henry had begun to alter his policy of indirect rule in Brittany and started to exert more direct control. In 1164 Henry intervened to seize lands along the border of Brittany and Normandy, and in 1166 invaded Brittany to punish the local barons. Henry then forced Conan to abdicate as duke and to give Brittany to his daughter Constance; Conan also betrothed Constance to Henry's son Geoffrey. This arrangement was quite unusual in terms of medieval law, as Conan might have had sons who could have legitimately inherited the duchy.

paragraph: According to the histories that record the abdication of Conan IV, he died in 1171 sometime after his abdication.

paragraph: Henry II had claimed to be Overlord of Brittany, as would his son Richard the Lionheart. Henry never claimed the Dukedom of Brittany. After Conan IV abdicated, Henry II held guardianship over Brittany for Conan's daughter Constance, until such time as Henry II's fourth legitimate son, Geoffrey Plantagenet, could marry her.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Conan and Margaret were the parents of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constance, who succeeded her father;

paragraph: BULLET::::- At least two children who died young;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maybe a son, William;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maybe a daughter, Margaret.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dukes of Brittany family tree

description: Breton noble, Duke of Brittany

wikidata_label: Conan IV, Duke of Brittany

wikipedia_title: Conan IV, Duke of Brittany


text: Tobago

text: track and field

text: sprint athlete

text: Louisiana State University

text: Beijing

text: 100 metres

text: Wanda Hutson

text: Ayanna Hutchinson

text: Kelly-Ann Baptiste

text: 4x100 metres relay

text: 2011 World Championships in Athletics

text: Methylhexaneamine

text: methylhexaneamine

text: NCAA

categories: Trinidad and Tobago female sprinters,Trinidad and Tobago female athletes,Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Trinidad and Tobago sportspeople in doping cases,1988 births,Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games,LSU Lady Tigers track and field athletes,Doping cases in athletics,Olympic athletes of Trinidad and Tobago,Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for Trinidad and Tobago,Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics,World Championships in Athletics medalists,World Championships in Athletics athletes for Trinidad and Tobago,Competitors at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games,Living people,Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Semoy Hackett

paragraph: Semoy Hackett (born 27 November 1988) is a Tobagonian track and field sprint athlete who competed collegiately at Louisiana State University. Her personal best in the 100m is 11.09, and 22.49 in 200m.

paragraph: Hackett represented Trinidad and Tobago at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She competed at the 100 metres sprint and placed fourth in her first round heat, which normally meant elimination. However, her time of 11.53 seconds was among the ten fastest losing times and she qualified for the second round. There she failed to qualify for the semi finals as her time of 11.46 was the sixth time of her race. Together with Wanda Hutson, Ayanna Hutchinson and Kelly-Ann Baptiste she also took part in the 4x100 metres relay. In their first round heat they did not finish and were eliminated due to a mistake with the baton exchange.

paragraph: Hackett ran a relay at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, but was retrospectively disqualified and banned for six months because of a failed drugs test for Methylhexaneamine at the National Championships.

paragraph: In November 2012, Louisiana State University reported that Hackett had again tested positive for methylhexaneamine at the 2012 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track & Field Championships in June. LSU was forced to vacate their national championship due to the failed drug test. Hackett was given a doping ban of two-year and four months. The ban ended 30 April 2015.

description: Female sprinter for Trinidad and Tobago

wikidata_label: Semoy Hackett

wikipedia_title: Semoy Hackett


text:
singer
songwriter
frontman
alternative rock
band
Cloud Cult
Earthology Records
Owatonna, Minnesota
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

categories: American male singer-songwriters,People from Owatonna, Minnesota,American singer-songwriters,21st-century American singers,1973 births,University of Minnesota alumni,Living people,21st-century male singers

paragraph: Craig Minowa

paragraph: Craig Minowa is the singer/songwriter/frontman for the alternative rock band, Cloud Cult. He is also the founder of Earthology Records. Minowa was born Craig Richardson in February 1973. Minowa grew up in Owatonna, Minnesota.

paragraph: Minowa has a B.S. in environmental science from the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Craig Minowa

wikipedia_title: Craig Minowa


text:
Pradera
Valle del Cauca
track and field
sprint athlete
Colombia
Colombia at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Beijing
100 metres
2012 Olympics
2009
2011 World Championships
Bogotá
Bogotá
sports-reference

categories: Pan American Games bronze medalists for Colombia,Competitors at the 2010 South American Games,World Championships in Athletics athletes for Colombia,Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Colombia,South American Games silver medalists for Colombia,Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for Colombia,Colombian female sprinters,Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Competitors at the 2006 South American Games,Central American and Caribbean Games bronze medalists for Colombia,South American Games medalists in athletics,Athletes (track and field) at the 2011 Pan American Games,Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field),Living people,Olympic athletes of Colombia,Competitors at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games,1988 births,People from Valle del Cauca Department,South American Games gold medalists for Colombia

paragraph: Yomara Hinestroza

paragraph: Yomara Hinestroza Murillo (born May 20, 1988 in Pradera, Valle del Cauca) is a track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for Colombia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hinestroza represented Colombia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She competed at the 100 metres sprint and placed fourth in her first round heat, which normally meant elimination. However, her time of 11.39 was among the ten fastest losing times, resulting in a second round spot. There she failed to qualify for the semi finals as her time of 11.66 was the seventh time of her race.

paragraph: At the 2012 Olympics, she represented Colombia in the 100 m and was part of the Colombian 4 x 100 m team.

paragraph: She also represented Colombia at the 2009 and 2011 World Championships.

paragraph: Section::::Personal bests.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 100 m: 11.54 s – Bogotá, 19 July 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- 200 m: 23.09 s – Bogotá, 3 December 2004

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- sports-reference

description: athletics competitor

wikidata_label: Yomara Hinestroza

wikipedia_title: Yomara Hinestroza


text: sculptor

text: printmaker

text: Ogunquit, Maine

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: Bachelor of Fine Arts

text: Carnegie Mellon University

text: Master of Fine Arts

text: Yale University

text: California Institute of the Arts

text: Venice

text: minimalism

text: pop art

text: honorary doctorate

text: Hammering Man

text: Seoul

text: Korea

text: Frankfurt, Germany

text: Basel, Switzerland

text: Yorkshire Sculpture Park

text: Dallas

text: Denver

text: Los Angeles

text: Minneapolis

text: New York City

text: Seattle

text: Gainesville, FL

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Lillestrøm, Norway

text: Venice, California

text: Newport Harbor Art Museum

text: Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst

text: Aachen

text: Molecule Man

text: Spree River

text: Allianz

text: Male/Female

text: Walking to the Sky

text: Carnegie Mellon University

text: Pittsburgh

text: Rockefeller Center

text: Nasher Sculpture Center

text: Dallas, Texas

text: Male/Female

text: "Walking Man"

text: "Ballerina Clown"

text: Rockefeller Center

text: New York City

text: Cuneo

text: Italy

text: Kunstmuseum Basel

text: Los Angeles

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: Kassel

text: Berkeley Art Museum

text: Berkeley, California

text: Philadelphia Museum of Art

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

text: Stadel

text: Frankfurt

text: Contemporary Arts Museum

text: Houston, Texas

text: Public Art in Public Places Project

text: Borofsky's website

categories: 20th-century American sculptors,Yale School of Art alumni,1942 births,21st-century American sculptors,20th-century American artists,American printmakers,Sculptures by Jonathan Borofsky,American contemporary artists,Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni,American male sculptors,Living people,ROIR artists

paragraph: Jonathan Borofsky

paragraph: Jonathan Borofsky (born December 24, 1942) is an American sculptor and printmaker who lives and works in Ogunquit, Maine.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Borofsky was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts at Carnegie Mellon University in 1964, after which he continued his studies at France's Ecole de Fontainebleau and received his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University in 1966. He lived in Manhattan until a teaching position at the California Institute of the Arts brought him to Los Angeles in 1977. He resided in Venice and Tuna Canyon, Los Angeles from 1977 to 1992, In the 1960s, Borofsky's art sought to interconnect minimalism and pop art.

paragraph: On May 21, 2006, Borofsky received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Carnegie Mellon, his alma mater.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Jonathan Borofsky's most famous works, at least among the general public, are his "Hammering Man" sculptures. "Hammering Man" has been installed in various cities around the world. The largest "Hammering Man" is in Seoul, Korea and the second largest is in Frankfurt, Germany. Other "Hammering Man" sculptures are in Basel, Switzerland, Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Dallas, Denver, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York City, Seattle, Gainesville, FL, Washington, D.C. and Lillestrøm, Norway.

paragraph: Commissioned by developer Harlan Lee, Borofsky’s 30-foot-tall sculpture "Ballerina Clown" was erected above the entrance to a drug store in a mixed use, residential and commercial building in Venice, California in 1989. It was motorized so that its right leg would perpetually kick until tenant complaints were lodged about mechanical noise. In 1990, the Newport Harbor Art Museum commissioned "Ruby", a 5-foot-tall plastic sculpture containing an internal lighting system and swaying, diamond-shaped light deflectors. Another Ballerina Clown was installed in the Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst in Aachen, Germany. This version dates from 1991 and was part of the Metropolis exhibition at Gropiusbau Berlin that year.

paragraph: In 1999, three of his "Molecule Man" sculptures, standing 100 feet tall, were set directly into the Spree River in Berlin as a commission for German insurance company Allianz.

paragraph: In 2004, the Municipal Art Society of Baltimore commissioned Jonathan Borofsky to create a sculpture as the centerpiece of a re-designed plaza in front of Penn Station to celebrate its 100th anniversary. The sculpture was a gift to the City from the Society. The work is a 51-foot (15.5 m)-tall aluminum statue titled "Male/Female". The Municipal Art Society of Baltimore City is a private non-profit founded in 1899 to provide "sculptural and pictoral decoration and ornaments for the public buildings, street and open spaces in the City of Baltimore, and to help generally beautify the City."

paragraph: In May 2006, Borofsky's "Walking to the Sky" was permanently installed on the campus of Carnegie Mellon University near the intersection of Forbes Avenue and Morewood Avenue in Pittsburgh. The piece was temporarily installed at Rockefeller Center during the fall of 2004 and in 2005 at the Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Major permanent commissions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walking to the Sky" (2006). Pittsburgh.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Male/Female" (2004). Baltimore.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walking Man" (1995). Munich.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ballerina Clown" (1989). Los Angeles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ballerina Clown (1991). Germany, Aachen.

paragraph: Section::::Selected exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - Rockefeller Center, New York City

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Cuneo, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - Kunstmuseum Basel; Remba Gallery, Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 - Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 - Documenta 9, Kassel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 - Documenta 8, Kassel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 - Berkeley Art Museum, Berkeley, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 - Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 - Stadel, Frankfurt

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 - Documenta 7, Kassel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 - Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, Texas

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Public Art in Public Places Project, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Borofsky's website, borofsky.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Signature Dictionary, genuine signature by the artist Jonathan Borofsky Here are several examples of Jonathan Borofsky's signature.

alias:
Jon Borofsky
ג׳ונתן בורופסקי
Jonathan Borowsky

description: American sculptor and printmaker

wikidata_label: Jonathan Borofsky

wikipedia_title: Jonathan Borofsky


text:
Medieval Latin
Visigoths
Visigothic kingdom
Hispania
Gaul
Septimania
Herwig Wolfram
Gothic
German
Julian of Toledo
eleventh Council of Toledo
Hilderic
Nîmes
Gunhild
Bishop of Maguelonne
dux
Narbonne
Flavius Paulus
Tarraconensis
Franks
Basques
Gaul
Cantabria
Pyrenees
Llívia
Cerdanya
Auch
Collioure
Nîmes
scalped
Roman
Toledo
Hondarribia
Bay of Biscay
Astures
Ruccones
Saracen
Moors
Andalusia
Braga
Catholic
clergy
rectors
Eleventh Council of Toledo
Lusitania
Pampliega
Burgos
Erwig
Julian of Toledo
Egitânia
Idanha-a-Velha
Castelo Branco
Galicia
Santa María de Dozón
Tulga
Pujerra
Málaga
Andalusia
chestnut
Cenay
One
black poplar
Madrid
second legend
Recceswinth
Guimarães
Saint Giles
Arles
Nîmes
Provence
deer
monastery
Saint-Gilles-du-Gard
"Catholic Encyclopedia"
sleeping potion
Ergica

categories: 7th-century people of the Visigothic Kingdom,687 deaths,Visigothic kings,Year of birth unknown,7th-century monarchs in Europe,Gothic warriors

paragraph: Wamba (king)

paragraph: Wamba (Medieval Latin: "VVamba, Vamba, Wamba"; 643 – 687/688) was the king of the Visigoths from 672 to 680. During his reign, the Visigothic kingdom encompassed all of Hispania and part of southern Gaul known as Septimania.

paragraph: According to Herwig Wolfram, "Wamba" means "big paunch" in Gothic (like German: "Wampe", cognate to English "womb") and may have been a nickname. Both Julian of Toledo in his "Historia Wambae" ("History of Wamba") and the decisions of the eleventh Council of Toledo, held under Wamba's auspices, only refer to the king as Wamba.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Military events.

paragraph: After ascending the throne on 1 September 672, Wamba faced a revolt from Hilderic, governor of Nîmes, who had himself aspired to the kingship. Hilderic was supported by Gunhild, Bishop of Maguelonne. Wamba sent the dux (general) Paul to put down the rebels, but upon his arrival at Narbonne, he induced his officers to renounce their loyalty to Wamba and elect him king as Flavius Paulus. He was joined by Hilderic and his followers, as well as Duke Ranosindus of Tarraconensis and the "gardingatus" (a palace official) Hildigisus. Paul recruited "multitudes" of Franks and Basques to bolster his forces. Following this the Visigothic cities in Gaul and a large part of northeastern Hispania came over to Paul's side.

paragraph: During these events, Wamba was in Cantabria campaigning against the Basques. In response, Wamba marched into the Tarraconensis region, and in a few days turned most of the cities back to his side. He then divided his forces into three groups, attacking over the Pyrenees by way of Llívia (then the capital of Cerdanya), Auch, and the coastal road, taking the fortresses of Collioure, Vulturaria, and Llívia, finding "much" gold and silver there.

paragraph: As Wamba moved on Narbonne, Paul placed General Wittimer in charge of the city and retired to Nîmes. Wamba's forces quickly subdued Narbonne and then, after some difficulty, secured the surrender of Nîmes on September 3, 673. Paul and the other rebel leaders surrendered and, three days later, were brought to trial, scalped, and imprisoned for life.

paragraph: A period of peace followed and, in 674, Wamba rebuilt the Roman walls around Toledo. He also fortified other sites about this time, possibly Hondarribia (Fuenterrabia), a small village in Spain facing the French border over the Txingurri bay, as a military thrust along the Bay of Biscay up to the Pyrenees is attested to in contemporary sources. Wamba brought the Astures and Ruccones (Luggones) under his control and incorporated them into a new province. They had been fighting for their independence since the Visigothic invasions of the 5th century but now finally relented.

paragraph: After the rebellion, the kingdom faced a new threat in the form of Saracen raiders. In the "Chronicle of Alfonso III" (written 200 years later) it stated, "In Wamba's time, 270 Saracen ships attacked the coast of Hispania and there all of them were burned." A single attack of this size is doubtful, however, because no other source mentions it. The "Chronicle of 754" declared Moors "had long been raiding" Andalusia "and simultaneously devastating many cities"; however, the "Chronicle of 754"s most recent English translator, Kenneth Baxter Wolf, holds that this refers to the year before the defeat of King Roderic by the Moors, over three decades after the removal of Wamba.

paragraph: The law books and decrees of the time reveal a substantial erosion of domestic tranquility and order within the kingdom. In the Visigothic law books, Wamba decrees that all the people, regardless of their religion, and even if they are clergy, are required to defend the kingdom if it is attacked by a foreign foe. This law was created to solve a problem of desertion: "For, whenever an enemy invades the provinces of our kingdom . . . [many of] those who inhabit the border . . . disappear so that, by this means, there is no mutual support in battle." This rationale may imply a frequency of raids. That the people were often unwilling to defend the kingdom is further shown by another of Wamba's edicts, in which slaves were freed in order to the fill the ranks of the army. This suggests not only a shortage of volunteers from among the Hispano-Romans who made up the bulk of the population ruled by the Visigothic lords, but also an army heavy in conscripts and the coerced.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Religious events.

paragraph: In 675, the Third Council of Braga was held in Braga (Bracara), Hispania. This Catholic conclave promulgated eight decrees affecting ritual, the handling of sacred vessels, who may or may not live with a priest, unacceptable forms of punishment of clergy, and unacceptable forms of payment of clergy and rectors. In the same year, the Eleventh Council of Toledo was convened in November.

paragraph: Wamba was a reformist king who, according to Charles Julian Bishko, "tried to set up at Aquis (Chaves) in Lusitania a monastic see of the same type as Dume–Braga, i. e., involving the sort of "episcopus sub regula" associated with early pactualism. This manoeuvre was successfully blocked by the metropolitan church of Emérita with the full support of the fathers of the XIIth Council of Toledo (681)."

paragraph: Section::::History.:Succession.

paragraph: In 680, Wamba fell ill or (according to the "Chronicle of Alfonso III" two hundred years later) was poisoned in Pampliega, near Burgos. He received the order of penance in anticipation of his death, and as a result was forced to step down as king upon his recovery. The "Chronicle of Alfonso III" blames Wamba's successor Erwig for this; some modern commentators have blamed Julian of Toledo, who was made primate of the Visigothic church by Erwig (in reward for his services?). But Julian perpetuated the memory of Wamba in his account of the revolt of Paul, "Historia Wambae Regís".

paragraph: Section::::Legend.

paragraph: Section::::Legend.:Birthplace.

paragraph: According to one tradition, Wamba was born in Egitânia, a modest village surrounded by Roman walls that is today called Idanha-a-Velha, and located to the northeast of Castelo Branco in Portugal. A Spanish tradition has him born in Galicia in the parish of Santa María de Dozón in an old house with a shield. Manuel de Sousa da Silva, a seventeenth-century Portuguese genealogist, in his work "Nobiliário das Gerações de Entre-Douro-e-Minho", refers to this possibility, adding that he was of the lineage of the Gothic kings, but so poor that he was a farmer. Modern genealogists make him a son of Tulga, a possibility sustained by the fact of his being a humble man of royal descent, since his father was deposed at a young age, and when his own sons were still infants.

paragraph: The most famous tradition, however, has him born and raised in Pujerra (or Buxarra as it was once called) in the Málaga Province, an Andalusian mountain village, nestled amid forests of chestnut trees, near the Genal river in southern Spain. The ruins of Molino de Capilla (Mill of the Chapel) are nearby, and close to which lay the village of Cenay, which some consider to be Wamba's actual birthplace.

paragraph: Section::::Legend.:Kingship.

paragraph: There are at least two legends associated with how Wamba became king.

paragraph: One begins with Wamba's father, king of the Visigoths, who in this story was also named Wamba. Two women of his court, a servant girl and a noble lady, became pregnant at the same time. To avoid a scandal that might implicate the king, both women fled the capital. They found their way to an Andalusian village that, because it was so well hidden in the forest, provided an ideal place for secret births. Both women brought forth boys, and they were placed in the care of a servant girl to be raised in the area.

paragraph: When the time came to groom a successor for the king, there seemed to be no suitable heir. Soldiers were dispatched to the village to find the illegitimate children. After their arrival, they overheard a peasant woman call to her son named Wamba, who was tending cattle with a stick. The soldiers knew they had come upon the youth they sought and declared: "You are the rightful king and we must ask you to come with us to the palace." Wamba was unwilling, or at least pretended to be. He took his stick and thrust it into the ground, saying, "I will only accept the throne if this stick takes root." The stick he carried, was of chopo or black poplar, which easily takes root in fertile soil. When it began to grow, Wamba agreed to go with the soldiers to become the new king of the Visigoths, being elected and crowned in what is today the tiny village of Wamba in the region around Madrid.

paragraph: A second legend is related by Charles Morris in "Historical Tales, the Romance of Reality: Spanish" ("The Good King Wamba"). In this version, instead of being a boy, Wamba was an old man in the village, and owned land and possessions there. The year was 672.

paragraph: In those days, when a king died and left no son, the Goths elected a new one, seeking their best and worthiest, and holding the election in the place where the old king had died. It was in the little village of Gerticos, some eight miles from the city of Valladolid, that King Recesuinto [a.k.a. Recceswinth] had sought health and found death. Hither came the electors,—the great nobles, the bishops, and the generals,—and here they debated who should be king. . . .

paragraph: Saint Leo, declaring he had been given divine guidance, instructed the electors to seek out a husbandman named Wamba. So scouts were dispersed throughout the land until, at length, Wamba was found tilling one of his fields. "Leave your plough in the furrow", they said to him; "nobler work awaits you. You have been elected king of Hispania." "There is no nobler work", answered Wamba. "Seek elsewhere your monarch. I prefer to rule over my fields."

paragraph: The astonished heralds knew not what to make of this. To them the man who would not be king must be a saint—or an idiot. They reasoned, begged, implored, until Wamba, anxious to get rid of them, said: "I will accept the crown when the dry rod in my hand grows green again,—and not till then."

paragraph: After he thrust it into the ground, all were astonished to see it suddenly become a green plant with leaves growing out of the top. Heaven had decided the matter. So Wamba "went with the heralds to the electoral congress". Once there, however, he again tried to refuse the throne. At this, one of the Visigothic chieftains drew his sword and threatened to behead Wamba if he did not accept the crown. Wamba relented and consented.

paragraph: The legend of the stick thrust into the ground is also associated with the town of Guimarães, southwest of Braga in the Costa Verde of Portugal (the northwest corner of the country). There, because Wamba never withdrew the stick afterwards, it is said it grew into an olive tree. Though the tree is now gone, the site is marked either by the monastery of Nossa Senhora da Oliveira (Our Lady of the Olive) or the Largo da Oliveira town square, each named for the legendary tree.

paragraph: Section::::Legend.:Saint Giles.

paragraph: In a 10th-century "Life" of Saint Giles, written for the benefit of pilgrims, a legend is recorded about how, one day, when King Wamba (also known as Flavius) was out hunting in the forest between Arles and Nîmes in Provence, he began to pursue a hind (deer). The animal fled, seeking refuge in the cave where Giles the hermit was quietly praying. (In some versions of the story, the hind, provided by God, was Giles' sole companion and sustained him on its milk.) Wamba shot his arrow into the opening. But he missed the hind, striking Giles instead, wounding him in the leg and causing a permanent disability. The king's hunting dogs then rushed in for the kill. But when Wamba arrived he found his dogs miraculously rooted to the spot. Discovering what he had done, he begged forgiveness and tried to make amends. But Giles continued his prayers, refusing all help or recompense. The king nonetheless had doctors care for the wound. He also offered Giles the land upon which to build a monastery. But Giles refused.

paragraph: Over time, however, because of the saint's fame as a sage and miracle worker, multitudes gathered at his cave. Around 674, Wamba built them a monastery. Giles became its first abbot. Soon a little town grew up there, known as Saint-Gilles-du-Gard.

paragraph: Because of this tradition, Giles became the patron saint of cripples, lepers, and nursing mothers. His emblem is an arrow. The "Catholic Encyclopedia" notes that the king in this story must have originally been a Frank, "since the Franks had expelled the Visigoths from the neighbourhood of Nîmes almost a century and a half earlier".

paragraph: Section::::Legend.:Loss of the crown.

paragraph: Charles Morris writes that, during Wamba's reign:

paragraph: One ambitious noble named Paul, who thought it would be an easy thing to take the throne from an old man who had shown so plainly that he did not want it, rose in rebellion. He soon learned his mistake. Wamba met him in battle, routed his army, and took him prisoner. Paul expected nothing less than to have his head stricken off, but Wamba simply ordered that it should be shaved.

paragraph: A shaved or tonsured head was the mark of one who had assumed monastic orders, which meant the man "could not serve as king or chieftain, but must spend the remainder of his days in seclusion as a monk".

paragraph: Later an ambitious youth named Erwig, pursuing the overthrow of the king, administered a sleeping potion. While Wamba was under, Erwig shaved the crown of his head. As before, Gothic law was clear. Wamba could no longer be king. So he accepted this change and happily became a monk, abdicating the throne on October 14, 680, to live out the last seven years of his life in seclusion from the world (dying in 687). Erwig became king in his place.

paragraph: Ironically, it was Wamba's nephew, son of his sister Ariberga, Ergica, who married Erwig's daughter and became the new king at his father in law's death.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Julian Bishko, "Portuguese Pactual Monasticism in the Eleventh Century: The Case of São Salvador De Vacariça", "Estudos de História de Portugal: Homenagen a A.H. de Oliveira Margues" (Lisbon: Editorial Estampa, 1982).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Bradley, "The Goths: from the Earliest Times to the End of the Gothic Dominion in Spain", chapter 33. Second edition, 1883, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julian of Toledo, "Historia Wambae regís", in "Mon. Ger. Hist., Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum", V, 486-535; and cf. Dahn, "Könige der Germanen", V, 207-212; 217-18; R. Altamira, "Cambridge Medieval History", II, 179.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Morris, "Historical Tales, the Romance of Reality: Spanish." 1898, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manuel de Sousa da Silva, "Nobiliário das Gerações de Entre-Douro-e-Minho"

description: Visigothic king

wikidata_label: Wamba

wikipedia_title: Wamba (king)


text:
Wade-Giles
Chán
Zen
Buddhist
paradox
monk
Nánquán Pǔyuàn
Mǎzǔ Dàoyī
koan
enlightenment
China
jiédùshǐ
lineage
Blue Cliff Record
The Gateless Gate
Bailin Temple in China
Cultural Revolution
Dumoulin, Heinrich
World Wisdom

categories: Zen Buddhist monks and priests,Chan Buddhists,778 births,897 deaths,Tang dynasty Buddhist monks,Chinese centenarians

paragraph: Zhaozhou Congshen

paragraph: Zhàozhōu Cōngshěn (; Wade-Giles: "Chao-chou Ts'ung-shen"; ) (778–897) was a Chán (Zen) Buddhist master especially known for his "paradoxical statements and strange deeds".

paragraph: Zhaozhou became ordained as a monk at an early age. At the age of 18, he met Nánquán Pǔyuàn (南泉普願 748–835; J: Nansen Fugan), a successor of Mǎzǔ Dàoyī (709–788; J. Baso Do-itsu), and eventually received the Dharma from him. When Nanquan asked Zhaozhou the koan "What is the Way?", the two had a dialogue, at the height of which Zhaozhou attained enlightenment. Zhaozhou continued to practice under Nanquan until the latter's death.

paragraph: Subsequently, Zhaozhou began to travel throughout China, visiting the prominent Chan masters of the time before finally, at the age of eighty, settling in Guānyīnyuàn (觀音院), a ruined temple in northern China. There, for the next 40 years, he taught a small group of monks.

paragraph: Zhaozhou is sometimes touted as the greatest Chan master of Tang dynasty China during a time when its hegemony was disintegrating as more and more regional military governors ("jiédùshǐ") began to assert their power. Zhaozhou's lineage died out quickly due to the many wars and frequent purges of Buddhism in China at the time, and cannot be documented beyond the year 1000.

paragraph: Many koans in both the "Blue Cliff Record" and "The Gateless Gate" concern Zhaozhou, with twelve cases in the former and five in the latter being attributed to him. He is, however, probably best known for the first koan in "The Gateless Gate":

paragraph: Bailin Temple in China, famous for his abbacy, was rebuilt after the Cultural Revolution and is nowadays again a prominent center of Chinese Buddhism.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aitken, Robert; ed. and tr. "The Gateless Barrier: The Wu-men Kuan (Mumonkan)". New York: North Point Press, 1991. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dumoulin, Heinrich. "Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China". Tr. Heisig, James W. and Knitter, Paul. Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green, James; ed. and tr. "The Recorded Sayings of Zen Master Joshu". Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1998. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoffmann, Yoel, ed. and tr., "Radical Zen: The Sayings of Joshu". Bantam press, 1978.

description: Esteemed chán master of the Tang Dynasty

wikidata_label: Zhaozhou Congshen

wikipedia_title: Zhaozhou Congshen