text:
Ottoman
Grand Vizier
Greek War of Independence
Georgia
Greek Orthodox
Kapudan Pasha
Husrev Pasha
Kütahya
sobriquet
Mahmud II
Ali Pasha
Yannina
Porte
Epirus
Alexandros Mavrokordatos
Arta
Battle of Peta
Missolonghi
Omer Vrioni
Christmas
Pelion
sanjak of Trikala
Rumelia
Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt
Morea
Attica
Athens
besieged the Greek garrison
Acropolis of Athens
Battle of Phaleron
Husein Gradaščević
Sultan
Mahmud II
Treaty of Adrianople
Janissary
Auspicious Incident
Husein Gradaščević
Grand Vizier
Albanian
pasha
bey
Travnik
Priština
Štimlje
Skopje
Novi Pazar
Ali-paša Rizvanbegović
Bosnia Eyalet
Stup
Russo-Turkish War
Diebitsch
Battle of Kulevicha
Grand Vizier
Monastir massacre of 1830
Anatolia
Egyptian-Ottoman War
Battle of Konya
Kurds
Sivas

categories: Pashas,1780 births,Ottoman people of the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833),Greek slaves of the Ottoman Empire,1839 deaths,Georgians of the Ottoman Empire,Ottoman military personnel of the Greek War of Independence,19th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire

paragraph: Reşid Mehmed Pasha

paragraph: Reşid Mehmed Pasha, also known as Kütahı (, 1780–1836), was a prominent Ottoman statesman and general who reached the post of Grand Vizier in the first half of the 19th century, playing an important role in the Greek War of Independence.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Reşid Mehmed was born in Georgia, the son of a Greek Orthodox priest. As a child, he was captured as a slave by the Turks, and brought to the service of the then Kapudan Pasha Husrev Pasha. His intelligence and ability impressed his master, and secured his rapid rise. At only 29 years, he was appointed governor of Kütahya, from where he acquired his sobriquet.

paragraph: In 1820, he was sent by Sultan Mahmud II, along with many other pashas, to quell the rebellion of Ali Pasha of Yannina against the Porte. At the same time, the Greeks were preparing their own uprising, which broke out in March 1821. Thus, after the defeat and death of Ali Pasha in 1822, he was at hand to campaign against the Greek rebels.

paragraph: Section::::Operations in Epirus – First Siege of Missolonghi.

paragraph: Having been appointed commander-in-chief of the Ottoman forces in Epirus, he marched south, to meet the Greek forces under Alexandros Mavrokordatos, which were campaigning towards Arta. He inflicted a crushing defeat upon them in the Battle of Peta, on 4 July 1822, and proceeded southwards, to the strategically important town of Missolonghi. There he was met by Omer Vrioni, and their joint force of 8,000 besieged the city for two months, from 25 October to 31 December 1822. Omer Vrioni, contrary to Reşid Mehmed's view, initially tried to take the town by negotiations, which the besieged Greeks took advantage of, dragging them out until November 8, when they were reinforced by sea, at which point they refused to negotiate further. The siege began in earnest, and the two pashas scheduled their main assault for Christmas night, December 24, calculating that the Greeks would be caught by surprise. The plan was leaked to the defenders, and the attack failed. Six days later, the siege was lifted.

paragraph: Section::::Campaign in Thessaly.

paragraph: After the failure at Missolonghi, Reşid Mehmed moved against the mountainous region of Pelion, which he managed to subdue. For his success, he was appointed governor of the sanjak of Trikala, and was finally appointed commander-in-chief of all Ottoman forces in Rumelia.

paragraph: Section::::Third Siege of Missolonghi.

paragraph: From this position he was tasked by the Porte with taking Missolonghi and thus securing western Greece. Reşid Mehmed assembled an army of more than 35,000 and in February 1825 he set out for Missolonghi. On arriving there on April 20, he immediately invested the town with earthworks and subjected it to heavy bombardment. However, despite his efforts, the Greek garrison, aided by raids from the Greek bands behind his lines and resupplied by the Greek fleet despite the Ottoman naval blockade, resisted effectively. In the end, he was forced to call upon the assistance of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, whose army had been victorious against Greek forces in the Morea. The Egyptian forces arrived in early November, but a split occurred between the presumptuous Ibrahim and Reşid Mehmed, who withdrew his forces. After the Egyptians failed too in their assaults, Ibrahim acknowledged his error. The two pashas now cooperated, and the siege was intensified. The seaward supply route was cut, forcing threatening the defenders with starvation. Finally, they attempted a desperate escape, breaking out through the besieging forces, on the night of 10 April 1826. The sortie resulted in a massacre of the defenders, and Missolonghi fell to the Ottoman forces.

paragraph: Section::::Campaign in Attica.

paragraph: After this success, Reşid Mehmed turned towards Attica and Athens, where he arrived in July. He besieged the Greek garrison on the Acropolis of Athens unsuccessfully for ten months, until his unexpected victory over a Greek relief force at the Battle of Phaleron on 24 April 1827 forced the Greeks to surrender the fort.

paragraph: Section::::Campaign against Bosnia Eyalet.

paragraph: The Ottoman Bosnian leadership led by Husein Gradaščević were outraged when Sultan Mahmud II granted Serbia autonomy and subsequently six districts from the Bosnia Eyalet with the Treaty of Adrianople. Husein Gradaščević had already begun to support the cause of the fallen Janissary after the Auspicious Incident and would not allow Mahmud II to further disintegrate Bosnian society. Instead of negotiating with Husein Gradaščević, the Grand Vizier Reşid Mehmed Pasha (already engaged in an aggressive campaign against Albanian pashas and beys) mobilized his Ottoman army towards Travnik. Disappointed by Reşid Pasha's move, Gradaščević marched forward with an army of 52,000 into Priština, and later fought and defeated Reşid Pasha at Štimlje. A Bosnian delegation reached the Grand Vizier's camp in Skopje in November of that year. The Grand Vizier promised this delegation that he would insist to the Sultan that he accept the Bosniak demands. His true intentions, however, were manifested by early December when his cannons attacked Bosnian units stationed on the outskirts of Novi Pazar. Reşid Mehmed Pasha later began an aggressive campaign into Bosnia with the assistance of the renegade kapetan Ali-paša Rizvanbegović and defeated the entire army of Bosnia Eyalet led by Husein Gradaščević outside the town of Stup.

paragraph: Section::::After the Greek Revolution.

paragraph: A very distinguished general, Reşid Mehmed fought in the Russo-Turkish War, where he was defeated by General Diebitsch at the Battle of Kulevicha. Subsequently, he was appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, a post he held from January 1829 to 17 February 1833. From that position, he orchestrated the Monastir massacre of 1830 of the Albanian beys killing hundreds. He led the Ottoman armies in Anatolia in the Egyptian-Ottoman War. He was captured by the forces of his old antagonist, Ibrahim Pasha, at the war's decisive Battle of Konya in 1832. Appointed commander-in-chief of the Anatolian armies, he campaigned against the Kurds, and died at Sivas in 1839.

description: Ottoman Grand Vizier

wikidata_label: Reşid Mehmed Pasha

wikipedia_title: Reşid Mehmed Pasha


text:
Imola
Bertrando Alidosi
Wars in Lombardy
Filippo Maria Visconti
Cistercian

categories: 1430 deaths,Alidosi family,Lords of Italy,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Luigi Alidosi

paragraph: Luigi Alidosi (also Ludovico, died 1430) was the lord of Imola (as Papal vicar) from 1391 until 1424, the last ruler of the city from his family. He was the son of Bertrando Alidosi.

paragraph: During the Wars in Lombardy, his city was attacked by Filippo Maria Visconti's army, and he was taken captive to Milan. When he was freed after the end of the conflict, Imola had been acquired by the Papal States: he therefore became a Cistercian monk, and died in Rome in 1430.

description: Lord of Imola

wikidata_label: Luigi Alidosi

wikipedia_title: Luigi Alidosi


text:
Egyptian
Libya
Psamtik
Saite
Psamtik III
Persia
Athenian
Charitimides
defeated the Persian army
satrap
Achaemenes
Memphis
Megabyzus
Syria
Artabazus
Phrygia
Susa
crucified
Pharos
Nile Delta
Sais
Artaxerxes I
Persia
Xerxes I
Athenian
trie
Charitimides
Memphis
Memphis
Athenian
Cimon
Megabazus
Attica
Megabyzus
Cilicia
Phoenicia
Artabazus
Cyrene
Megabyzus
Greeks
Susa
Amestris
impaled
Ctesias
Photios I of Constantinople
Thucydides
Inaros I
Athribis
Assyria

categories: Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt,5th-century BC executions,People executed by crucifixion,Egyptian prisoners of war,Non-dynastic pharaohs,Year of birth unknown,Nile Delta,Executed ancient Egyptian people,5th-century BC Pharaohs,People executed by impalement,People executed by the Achaemenid Empire,Egyptian rebels

paragraph: Inaros II

paragraph: Inaros (II), also known as Inarus, (fl. ca. 460 BCE) was an Egyptian rebel ruler who was the son of a Libyan prince named Psamtik, presumably of the old Saite line, and grandson of Psamtik III. In 460 BC, he revolted against the Persians with the help of his Athenian allies under Admiral Charitimides, and defeated the Persian army commanded by satrap Achaemenes in 460 BCE. The Persians retreated to Memphis, but the Athenians were finally defeated in 454 BC by the Persian army led by Megabyzus, satrap of Syria, and Artabazus, satrap of Phrygia, after a two-year siege. Inaros was captured and carried away to Susa where he was reportedly crucified in 454 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt and aftermath.

paragraph: He held a kingship over the Libyans from Mareia (above Pharos) and the part of the Nile Delta around Sais. With help from Amyrtaeus, also from Sais, who took the northern marshes, Inarus drove out the tax-collectors and collected mercenaries, thus starting a revolt in Egypt during the reign of King Artaxerxes I of Persia, following the assassination of king Xerxes I. The Athenian allies from whom he was paid 100 triers, sent troops and an army of more than 200 ships led by Charitimides to aid him in 460 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt and aftermath.:Battle of Pampremis (460 BC).

paragraph: Diodorus tells us that once the Athenians had arrived, they and the Egyptians accepted battle from the Persians. The rebel army confronted the Persian army of around 400,000 infantry and eighty ships led by the brother of Artaxerxes, the satrap Achaemenes. At first the Persians' superior numbers gave them the advantage, but eventually the Athenians broke through the Persian line, whereupon the Persian army routed and fled. Some portion of the Persian army found refuge in the citadel of Memphis (called the 'White Castle'), however, and could not be dislodged. Thucydides's rather compressed version of these events is: "and making themselves masters of the river and two-thirds of Memphis, addressed themselves to the attack of the remaining third, which is called White Castle". The satrap Achaemenes, together with 100,000 of his 400,000 men was defeated and killed at Pampremis and the Persians retreated to Memphis. The commanders of the Athenian fleet, Charitimides and Cimon fought a naval battle with the Persians, in which forty Greek ships engaged fifty Persians ships, of which twenty were captured with their crews, and the remaining thirty sunk. To show that their victory was complete, the rebels sent the dead body of satrap Achaemenes to the Persian king.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt and aftermath.:Siege of Memphis (459-455 BCE).

paragraph: The Athenians and Egyptians thus settled down to besiege the White Castle. The siege evidently did not progress well, and probably lasted for at least four years, since Thucydides says that their whole expedition lasted 6 years, and of this time the final 18 months was occupied with the Siege of Prosoptis.

paragraph: According to Thucydides, at first Artaxerxes sent Megabazus to try and bribe the Spartans into invading Attica, to draw off the Athenian forces from Egypt. When this failed, he instead assembled a large army under (confusingly) Megabyzus, and dispatched it to Egypt. Diodorus has more or less the same story, with more detail; after the attempt at bribery failed, Artaxerxes put Megabyzus and Artabazus in charge of 300,000 men, with instructions to quell the revolt. They went first from Persia to Cilicia and gathered a fleet of 300 triremes from the Cilicians, Phoenicians and Cypriots, and spent a year training their men. Then they finally headed to Egypt. Modern estimates, however, place the number of Persian troops at the considerably lower figure of 25,000 men given that it would have been highly impractical to deprive the already strained satrapies of any more man power than that. Thucydides does not mention Artabazus, who is reported by Herodotus to have taken part in the second Persian invasion; Diodorus may be mistaken about his presence in this campaign. It is clearly possible that the Persian forces did spend some prolonged time in training, since it took four years for them to respond to the Egyptian victory at Pampremis. Although neither author gives many details, it is clear that when Megabyzus finally arrived in Egypt, he was able to quickly lift the Siege of Memphis, defeating the Egyptians in battle, and driving the Athenians from Memphis.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt and aftermath.:Siege of Prosopitis (455 BCE).

paragraph: The Athenians now fell back to the island of Prosopitis in the Nile delta, where their ships were moored. There, Megabyzus laid siege to them for 18 months, until finally he was able to drain the river from around the island by digging canals, thus "joining the island to the mainland". In Thucydides's account the Persians then crossed over to the former island, and captured it. Only a few of the Athenian force, marching through Libya to Cyrene survived to return to Athens. In Diodorus's version, however, the draining of the river prompted the Egyptians (whom Thucydides does not mention) to defect and surrender to the Persians. The Persians, not wanting to sustain heavy casualties in attacking the Athenians, instead allowed them to depart freely to Cyrene, whence they returned to Athens. Since the defeat of the Egyptian expedition caused a genuine panic in Athens, including the relocation of the Delian treasury to Athens, Thucydides's version is probably more likely to be correct.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt and aftermath.:Battle of Mendesium.

paragraph: As a final disastrous coda to the expedition, Thucydides mentions the fate of a squadron of fifty triremes sent to relieve the Siege of Prosopitis. Unaware that the Athenians had finally succumbed, the fleet put in at the Mendesian mouth of the Nile, where it was promptly attacked from the land, and from the sea by the Phoenician navy. Most of the ships were destroyed, with only a handful managing to escape and return to Athens. Total Athenian casualties of the expedition totaled some 50,000 men and 250 ships.

paragraph: Section::::Revolt and aftermath.:Retreat to Byblos and capture.

paragraph: Charitimides was killed in battle and Inarus was wounded in the thigh by the Persian force and retreated to Byblos, his stronghold and the only Egyptian city that did not submit to Megabyzus. After fighting for a year and a half in the marshes, Inaros was defeated by Megabyzus. Together with the remaining Greeks, he was taken captive away to Susa.

paragraph: Section::::Execution.

paragraph: Megabyzus promised Inaros and his rebel Greeks that they would not be executed once they arrived at Susa. The Queen wanted them punished and killed because they were responsible for the death of her son, the satrap Achaemenes, and asked for his death. Artaxerxes I initially kept this promise, but after five years of pleading handed Inaros and fifty Greeks to Queen Mother Amestris.

paragraph: There are two versions of his death. According to the first he was crucified, and according to the other, impaled. A fragment of Ctesias preserved by Photios I of Constantinople reports that "Inaros was executed on three stakes, fifty of the Greeks, all that she could lay hands on, were decapitated." The Greek word "anestaurothe", used to describe and name the method of his execution in the texts could either mean impalement or crucifixion on a single stake, or crucifixion on a true cross, but there is not enough evidence and information in the historical records to give a definitive answer.

paragraph: Thucydides reports a slightly different story. He records no truces and Professor J M Bigwood argues that Thucydides should be interpreted as saying that Inaros was both captured and executed in the same year, 454 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: His revolt, although unsuccessful in the end, left a big mark in Egyptian history. Herodotus also reports that Inaros did more damage to the Persians than any man before him.

paragraph: Section::::Inaros I and II.

paragraph: Inaros II is often confused in both ancient and modern literature with his namesake, the Libyan prince Inaros I of Athribis, who rebelled against the Assyrians about two centuries earlier.

wikidata_label: Inaros

wikipedia_title: Inaros II


text:
Canadian
prelate
Roman Catholic Church
Archbishop-elect of Kingston, Canada
Bishop of Pembroke
Peterborough
Ontario
Trent University
Bachelor of Arts
Rome
Angelicum
Bachelor of Sacred Theology
Ordained
priesthood
Licentiate of Sacred Theology
Pontifical North American College
pastoral
Hunstville
Congregation for Oriental Churches
Roman Curia
Diocese of Peterborough
Hastings
Chancellor
Vicar General
Bishop of Pembroke
Pope Benedict XVI
episcopal consecration
Luigi Ventura
Terrence Prendergast
S.J.
Nicola De Angelis
C.F.I.C.
co-consecrators
motto

categories: 1962 births,People from Peterborough, Ontario,Living people,Canadian Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Michael Mulhall

paragraph: Michael Mulhall (born 25 February 1962) is a Canadian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Since 2019 he has been the Archbishop-elect of Kingston, Canada. Before that he was the Bishop of Pembroke from 2007 to 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: One of five children, Michael Mulhall was born in Peterborough, Ontario, to Vernon and Maureen (née Hickey) Mulhall. He attended Trent University, from where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1985, and then furthered his studies in Rome at the Angelicum, earning a Bachelor of Sacred Theology in 1988. Ordained to the priesthood on 21 July 1989, he received a Licentiate of Sacred Theology from the Augustinianum in 1991 while following the formation program at the Pontifical North American College.

paragraph: Mulhall did pastoral work in Hunstville from 1991 to 1994, whence he became an official of the Congregation for Oriental Churches in the Roman Curia. Returning to the Diocese of Peterborough in 2002, he served again briefly in Huntsville and then in Hastings. In 2003, he was also named Chancellor for Spiritual Affairs, and in 2004 as Vicar General of the Diocese.

paragraph: On 30 June 2007, Mulhall was appointed the eighth Bishop of Pembroke by Pope Benedict XVI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 21 September from Archbishop Luigi Ventura, with Archbishops Terrence Prendergast, S.J., and Bishop Nicola De Angelis, C.F.I.C. serving as co-consecrators, at St. Columbkille Cathedral. He selected as his episcopal motto: "Fiduciam habemus apud Deum", meaning, "We have confidence before God."

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Michael Mulhall

wikipedia_title: Michael Mulhall


text:
prelate
Catholic Church
Archbishop
Regina Archdiocese
Auxiliary Bishop
Toronto
parishes
Moral Theology
Holy Heart Seminary
Halifax, Nova Scotia

categories: 1941 births,Canadian Roman Catholic theologians,Deaths from cancer in Saskatchewan,People from Yarmouth, Nova Scotia,2016 deaths,Canadian Roman Catholic archbishops

paragraph: Daniel Bohan

paragraph: Daniel Joseph Bohan (November 8, 1941 – January 15, 2016) was a Canadian prelate of the Catholic Church and the Archbishop of the Regina Archdiocese. Prior to his appointment to Regina Archbishop Bohan was Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto, and a priest in several parishes in New Brunswick.

paragraph: From 1968-69, Bohan was professor of Moral Theology at Holy Heart Seminary in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

paragraph: He also has hosted and attended many speaking engagements in the city of Regina. He died of cancer in Regina on January 15, 2016.

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Daniel Joseph Bohan

wikipedia_title: Daniel Bohan


text:
San Francisco Theological Seminary
First Presbyterian Church
Trenton, New Jersey
Prosperity, Pennsylvania
Washington and Jefferson College
B.A.
M.A.
D.D.
LL.D.
Western Theological Seminary
Presbytery of Washington, Pennsylvania
Presbytery of St. Paul, Minnesota
Duluth, Minnesota
Baltimore
California
San Jose
San Francisco
First Presbyterian Church
Trenton, New Jersey

categories: Washington & Jefferson College alumni,History of Trenton, New Jersey,1924 deaths,1855 births

paragraph: Henry Collin Minton

paragraph: Henry Collin Minton (1855–1924) was the chairman of Systematic Theology in the San Francisco Theological Seminary from December 2, 1891 to October 1, 1902. He then became the minister for the First Presbyterian Church in Trenton, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Prosperity, Pennsylvania, and attended Washington and Jefferson College, where he received his received B.A. in 1879, his M.A. in 1882, his D.D. in 1892, and his LL.D. in 1902. He graduated from the Western Theological Seminary in 1882 and was licensed in 1881 by the Presbytery of Washington, Pennsylvania. He was ordained in June 1882 by the Presbytery of St. Paul, Minnesota. He was Pastor of the First Church of Duluth, Minnesota from 1882 to 1883, and Pastor-elect of Second Church, Baltimore, Maryland, in 1882. He moved to California in 1884 and was Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, San Jose, 1885–1891; Pastor-elect of Saint John's Church, San Francisco, 1891–1893; and Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Trenton, New Jersey in 1902.

description: American theologian

wikidata_label: Henry Collin Minton

wikipedia_title: Henry Collin Minton


text: Royal Navy

text: British Empire

text: Customs

text: Gold Coast

text: Treasurer

text: the Gambia

text: Administrator

text: Governor

text: Lagos Colony

text: The Bahamas

text: Barbados

text: Trinidad and Tobago

text: Commander

text: R.N.

text: Royal Hospital School

text: Greenwich

text: Navy List

text: Third Anglo–Ashanto War

text: Gold Coast

text: Elmina

text: commissioner

text: Humphrey

text: Cambridge University Botanic Garden

text: Leeward Islands

text: Customs

text: Treasurer

text: the Gambia

text: Administrator

text: Bathurst

text: gunboats

text: Colony of Lagos

text: Ijebu

text: Yorubaland

text: Oyo

text: Egba

text: Ibadan

text: Resident

text: Ife

text: Modakeke

text: Carter Bridge

text: Lagos Island

text: Iddo Island

text: Gertrude Codman Parker

text: Francis Vose Parker

text: Boston

text: Governor

text: Barbados

text: Administrator of the Government

text: Trinidad and Tobago

text: Ilaro Court

text: probate

text: Carter Coat of Arms

categories: Governors of the Gambia,British governors of the Bahamas,Governors of Barbados,Royal Navy officers,Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George,1848 births,History of Ghana,1927 deaths,British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Ashanti War

paragraph: Gilbert Thomas Carter

paragraph: Sir Gilbert Thomas Carter (Sir Thomas Gilbert-Carter) (14 January 1848 – 18 January 1927) was an administrative officer in the Royal Navy and a colonial official for the British Empire.

paragraph: Starting as a Collector of Customs for the Gold Coast, he then became a Treasurer of the Gold Coast and the Gambia. Moving on to colonial administration, he started as the Administrator for the Gambia, where he dealt with the aggression of the native king of Gambia.

paragraph: His next post was as Governor for the Lagos Colony where he negotiated treaties with the local chiefs which protected Christian missionaries and ending human sacrifies. He later served as the Governor for The Bahamas and Barbados and finally as the Governor for Trinidad and Tobago.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and Naval career.

paragraph: Carter was born in Topsham, Devon in 1848. He was the only son of Commander Thomas Gilbert Carter (R.N.). He was educated at the Royal Hospital School in Greenwich. Carter joined the Royal Navy in 1864, serving as an Assistant Clerk on , being transferred in 1866 to . On 5 July 1866, Carter was promoted to Clerk, while still serving on HMS "Malacca". Between 1867 and 1869, he served on a variety of ships as a clerk, until 1 December 1869 (while serving on ), when he was promoted to Assistant Paymaster (being added to the Navy List).

paragraph: Following a posting to for the first nine months of 1870, Carter's final posting was to the Colonial steamer "Sherbro" from August 1870. During his time on "Sherbro", he was involved with the Third Anglo–Ashanto War on the Gold Coast. When Elmina was sold to the British by the Dutch Government, he was a commissioner, responsible for valuing the stores and ordnance left behind by the Dutch. He married Susan Laura Hocker, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Hocker, in 1874 (later having 3 sons and 2 daughters — his second son Humphrey 1884–1969 was the first Director of the Cambridge University Botanic Garden). Lady Carter died in 1895. He retired from the Navy on 21 July 1875.

paragraph: Section::::Leeward Islands, the Gold Coast and the Gambia.

paragraph: Carter became the private secretary to Sir George Berkeley, Governor of the Leeward Islands, in 1875. In August 1879, he was appointed Collector of Customs and Treasurer of the Gold Coast, an appointment he kept until 1882. From 1882 until December 1888, Carter administered the Settlement on the Gambia as a Treasurer and Postmaster. From 1886, he was acting Administrator of the Colony of the Gambia, and on 1 December 1888 he was appointed Administrator on that colony's separation from Sierra Leone. While working in the Gambia, he was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) on 1 January 1890.

paragraph: In 1891, the native King of Gambia had been organising abusive acts towards the British colonists. Carter (from his official residence in Bathurst) sent an envoy with a message that if the abuses continued, "he might expect a visit of a disciplinary nature from the marine forces of the Queen of England." The King sent the envoy back mutilated, with a message: "This is the King's answer." In response, Carter sent three British gunboats to avenge the outrage upon the envoy.

paragraph: Section::::Lagos (Nigeria).

paragraph: Carter was appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Lagos on 3 February 1891. Carter ordered an attack on the Ijebu "in the interest of civilization" in 1892. Afterwards, he continued to justify this attack as a war to end slavery and promote civilization.

paragraph: Carter travelled to various parts of Yorubaland, accompanied by soldiers, in an attempt to demonstrate the might of the British. Carter was not well received at Oyo, and the Egba chiefs advised him not to interfere with slavery, while the Ibadan chiefs said they were afraid that their slaves would "assert their freedom by running to the Resident" – and they refused to sign a treaty with Carter that would impose a Resident on the city.

paragraph: However, in January 1893 the Egba chiefs signed a Treaty of Independence with the British Government. It was agreed that freedom of trade between the Egba Nation and Lagos was to be guaranteed by the British Government, in return for which no road would be closed without the approval of the Governor. They further agreed that complete protection and "every assistance and encouragement" would be afforded to all Christian ministers. The Crown agreed that "no annexation on any portion of Egba Nation shall be made by her Majesty's Government without the consent of the lawful authorities of the nation, no aggressive action shall be taken against the said nation and its independence shall be fully recognized." The Egba chiefs further promised to abolish human sacrifices.

paragraph: He was promoted Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) on 3 June 1893, "in recognition of his services in conducting a mission to the Yoruba country which resulted in the negotiation of important treaties and brought to an end a long-standing war."

paragraph: Carter was given Ife works of art in 1896 by the recently crowned King of Ife, Adelekan, in the hopes that a decision in his favour would be made about the resettlement of Modakeke residents outside the city. These works (including three known as the "Ife marbles"), were sent by Carter to Europe.

paragraph: While serving in Lagos, Lady Carter, his first wife, died on 13 January 1895, shortly after arriving in Lagos.

paragraph: The Carter Bridge, first built in 1901 and linking Lagos Island with Iddo Island, was named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Later life, retirement and death.

paragraph: Carter was transferred to Bahamas as Governor and Commander-in-Chief in 1898, and after a temporary transfer to Trinidad, in July 1904 he was transferred to the Barbados as Governor and Commander-in-Chief.

paragraph: Carter met an American artist (see Stamp) from Boston, Gertrude Codman Parker (6 February 1875 – 12 November 1953, Boston), in the spring of 1903 when she was travelling in the Bahamas with her parents, Francis Vose Parker and his wife. She became his second wife on 25 August 1903, when they were married in the Church of the Advent in Boston and had a son, John Codman Carter.

paragraph: Carter continued working in senior colonial positions — being appointed the Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Island of Barbados and its Dependencies in 1904, and as Administrator of the Government of the Colony of Trinidad and Tobago, and its Dependencies in the absence of the Governor from 1907 until 1910, whereupon he retired.

paragraph: In 1919, he changed his surname to "Gilbert-Carter". In the early 1920s, he moved back to Barbados, and lived at Ilaro Court, which had been designed and built by Lady Gilbert Carter. He died there on 18 January 1927. When his will was probated on 22 March of that year, the total value of his effects was £6859 9s 11d.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carter Coat of Arms

description: Administrator of the Government of the Colony of Trinidad and Tobago, and its Dependencies in the absence of the Governor.

wikidata_label: Gilbert Thomas Carter

wikipedia_title: Gilbert Thomas Carter


text:
Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic Diocese of Adria-Rovigo
Italy
Pope John Paul II

categories: 1924 births,2009 deaths,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Bishops of Adria

paragraph: Martino Gomiero

paragraph: Martino Gomiero (7 December 1924 – 20 November 2009) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Adria-Rovigo, Italy.

paragraph: Ordained on 4 July 1948, Pope John Paul II appointed Gomiero diocesan bishop of Velletri-Segni on 5 June 1982 and he was ordained on 11 July 1982. On 7 May 1988, Bishop Gomiero was appointed bishop of the Adria-Rovigo Diocese retiring on 11 October 2000.

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Martino Gomiero

wikipedia_title: Martino Gomiero


text: American

text: Treaty of New York (1796)

text: Newark, New Jersey

text: née

text: Revolutionary War

text: Josiah Ogden Hoffman

text: Samuel Ogden

text: Gouverneur Morris

text: Morristown, New Jersey

text: Morris County

text: Richard Stockton

text: United States Senator

text: Josiah Ogden Hoffman

text: New York State Attorney General

text: Samuel

text: Patriots

text: Loyalists

text: George Washington

text: Continental Army

text: fencing bout

text: Essex County

text: New Jersey General Assembly

text: Treaty of New York (1796)

text: Seven Nations of Canada

text: New York

text: Saint Lawrence River

text: Ogdensburg, New York

text: née

text: David A. Ogden

text: U.S. Representative

text: New York

text: Hammond, New York

text: New York City

text: Joshua Waddington

text: Nathaniel Lawrence

text: Liverpool

text: Henry Bell Van Rensselaer

text: U.S. Representative

text: Stephen Van Rensselaer

categories: Members of the New Jersey General Assembly,1798 deaths,Politicians from Newark, New Jersey,People from Morristown, New Jersey,1744 births

paragraph: Abraham Ogden

paragraph: Abraham Ogden (December 30, 1743 – January 31, 1798) was an American lawyer and politician who served as U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 1791 to 1798 and negotiated the Treaty of New York (1796).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ogden was born in Newark, New Jersey in 1743. He was the third son of David Ogden and Gertrude (née Gouverneur) Ogden. His father was a noted jurist and a member of the supreme court for the royal province of New Jersey before the Revolutionary War.

paragraph: His sister, Sarah Ogden (1742–1821), married Nicholas Hoffman (1736–1800), and were the parents of Josiah Ogden Hoffman (1766–1837). His brother, Samuel Ogden (1746–1810), served as a Colonel of the New Jersey Militia during the Revolutionary War, and was later prominent in the iron business. Samuel married Euphemia Morris (1754–1818), a sister of Gouverneur Morris, in 1775.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Ogden trained as a lawyer, establishing his practice in Morristown, New Jersey. He was appointed Surrogate of Morris County in 1768.

paragraph: Among those who studied law at his Morristown office were Richard Stockton (later United States Senator from New Jersey) and his nephew, Josiah Ogden Hoffman, later the New York State Attorney General.

paragraph: During the Revolutionary War, Ogden and his brother Samuel sided with the Patriots, while their father David and brothers Isaac, Nicholas and Peter sided with the Loyalists.

paragraph: Ogden befriended George Washington, who often visited his family residence while the Continental Army was quartered in Morristown. During that time, his young son, Thomas Ludlow Ogden, wounded Washington's hand in a fencing bout. This is believed to be the only injury that Washington suffered in the course of the war.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Post-Revolutionary War.

paragraph: After the war, Ogden settled in Newark. He represented Essex County in the New Jersey General Assembly in 1790. In 1791 President Washington appointed him U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey, a position he served until his death.

paragraph: Washington also appointed Ogden as Commissioner to the Indians in Northern New York. He led the delegation that negotiated the Treaty of New York (1796) with the Seven Nations of Canada. They had been allies of the British during the Revolutionary War. Aware that the Iroquois and other tribes were being forced to cede most of their lands in New York State, which wanted to sell the property for development, Ogden, his brother Samuel, Gouverneur Morris and others purchased a large tract of land in New York, south of the Saint Lawrence River. They intended to plat and sell it to new settlers; many migrants were entering the state from New England, and some men made fortunes in land speculation. The town of Ogdensburg, New York was named after his brother, Samuel Ogden.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On December 22, 1767, Ogden married Sarah Frances Ludlow (1744–1823), the daughter of Catherine (née Le Roux) Ludlow and Thomas Ludlow, merchant of New York. Together, they had 13 children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- David A. Ogden (1770–1829), U.S. Representative from New York, married Rebecca C. Edwards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catharine L. Ogden (1771–1814), Abijah Hammond, original landholder of Hammond, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles L. Ogden (1772–1826), who married Elizabeth Meredith

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Ludlow Ogden (1773–1844), leading New York City lawyer, who married Martha Hammond

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abraham Ogden (1775–1846), who married Mary L. Barnwell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gertrude Gouverneur Ogden (1777–1850), who married Joshua Waddington (1755–1844)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gouverneur Ogden (1778–1851), who married Charlotte Curzon Seton

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Ogden (1780–1801)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarah F.L. Ogden (1782–1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaretta E. Ogden (1783–1834), who married David B. Ogden

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isaac Ogden (1784–1867), who married Sarah Ogden Meredith

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel N. Ogden (1787–1787)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frances S. Ogden (1788–1824), who married Nathaniel Lawrence, merchant of Liverpool, England

paragraph: Ogden died in 1798 in Newark.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Descendants.

paragraph: His grandson, William D. Waddington (1811–1886), who married Mary Elizabeth Ogden (1810–1867), were the parents of George Waddington (1840–1915), who married Elizabeth Van Rensselaer (1845–1911), the daughter of Henry Bell Van Rensselaer, a U.S. Representative and the son of New York's Lt. Gov. Stephen Van Rensselaer.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Abraham Ogden

wikipedia_title: Abraham Ogden


text:
New York Female Giants
1912 Summer Olympics
James Edward Sullivan
United States Olympic Committee
Los Angeles, California
Undine

paragraph: Ida Schnall

paragraph: Ida Schnall (1888 - 14 February 1973) was the captain of the New York Female Giants baseball team and later a Hollywood actress.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The 1912 Summer Olympics were opened to female divers and swimmers, but Schnall and other women were barred from participating by James Edward Sullivan of the United States Olympic Committee. She died on 14 February 1973 in Los Angeles, California.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Undine" (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Runaway June" (1915)

description: American sportwoman & actress

wikidata_label: Ida Schnall

wikipedia_title: Ida Schnall


text: Canadian

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Archbishop of Keewatin-Le Pas

text: Saskatoon

text: Saskatchewan

text: University of Saskatchewan

text: M.Div.

text: St. Peter's Seminary

text: London, Ontario

text: Diocese of Saskatoon

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Mackenzie-Fort Smith

text: Denis Croteau

text: Pope Francis

categories: Roman Catholic bishops in Canada,1963 births,Living people

paragraph: Murray Chatlain

paragraph: Murray Chatlain (born January 19, 1963) is a Canadian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, who (as of 2013) serves as Archbishop of Keewatin-Le Pas.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Murray Chatlain was born on January 19, 1963 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He completed baccalaureate studies at the University of Saskatchewan and earned the M.Div. degree at St. Peter's Seminary in London, Ontario.

paragraph: In 1987 Chatlain was ordained a priest for Diocese of Saskatoon; in subsequent years he served parishes in that diocese and within the Diocese of Mackenzie-Fort Smith.

paragraph: Pope Benedict XVI appointed Chatlain as coadjutor bishop of Mackenzie-Fort Smith in June 2007. Chatlain was consecrated in September of that year, and he succeeded Bishop Denis Croteau, O.M.I. as ordinary upon the latter's retirement in May 2008.

paragraph: Benedict XVI appointed Chatlain archbishop of Keewatin-Le Pas on December 6, 2012. His installation as the sixth bishop of the Archdiocese took place on March 19, 2013, the same day as the inauguration in Vatican City of the reign of Pope Francis.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reference page at catholic-hierarchy.org

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Murray Chatlain

wikipedia_title: Murray Chatlain


text: ethnarch

text: Samaria

text: Judea

text: Edom

text: Caesarea

text: Jaffa

text: Augustus

text: Judaea province

text: Census of Quirinius

text: Herod the Great

text: Malthace

text: Herod Antipas

text: Herod II

text: Josephus

text: dynastic Hasmoneans

text: Pharisee

text: Alexander Jannaeus

text: Salome

text: Nicolaus of Damascus

text: Tetrarchy of Judea

text: Caesar Augustus

text: Rome

text: Jew

text: Mariamne III

text: Aristobulus IV

text: Glaphyra

text: Juba

text: Mauretania

text: Mosaic law

text: Vienna (today Vienne)

text: Gaul

text: Roman province

text: Iudaea

text: Gospel of Matthew

text: Matthew 2

text: flee to Egypt

text: Massacre of the Innocents

text: dream

text: Bethlehem

text: Galilee

text: Bethlehem

text: Judea

text: Nazareth

text: parable of the minas

text: Gospel of Luke

text: chapter 19

text: Herodian dynasty

text: Herodian kingdom

text: King Herod Archelaus

text: Jewish Encyclopedia: Archelaus

categories: 1st-century Herodian rulers,1st-century BC rulers in Asia,Herodian dynasty,1st-century BC Herodian rulers,1st-century monarchs in the Middle East,Judea (Roman province),Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire,23 BC births,People in the canonical gospels,18 deaths,Herod the Great,Roman client rulers,1st-century BCE Jews

paragraph: Herod Archelaus

paragraph: Herod Archelaus (, "Hērōdēs Archelaos"; 23 BC – c. 18 AD) was ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea (biblical Edom), including the cities Caesarea and Jaffa, for a period of nine years (c. 4 BC to 6 AD). Archelaus was removed by Roman Emperor Augustus when Judaea province was formed under direct Roman rule, at the time of the Census of Quirinius. He was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace the Samaritan, and was the brother of Herod Antipas, and the half-brother of Herod II. Archelaus (a name meaning "leading the people") came to power after the death of his father Herod the Great in 4 BC, and ruled over one-half of the territorial dominion of his father.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Josephus writes that Herod the Great (father of Archelaus) was in Jericho at the time of his death. Just prior to his final trip to Jericho, he was deeply involved in a religious conflagration. Herod had placed a golden eagle over the Temple entrance which was perceived as blasphemous. The eagle was chopped down with axes. Two teachers and approximately 40 other youths were arrested for this act and immolated. Herod defended his works and offered an attack on his predecessors, the dynastic Hasmoneans. Herod killed all male lineal successors of the Hasmoneans. The Pharisees had long attacked the Hasmoneans as well, as having parentage from Greeks while under bondage. This racial slur was repeated by the Pharisees through the rule of Alexander Jannaeus and Queen Salome.

paragraph: With this explicit background given, Josephus began an exposition of the days of Archelaus' reign before Passover of 4 BC. Archelaus dressed in white and ascended a golden throne and appeared to be kind to the populace in Jerusalem in order to appease their desires for lower taxes and an end to the (political) imprisonment of Herod's enemies. The demeanor of the questioning appeared to turn at some point, and the crowd began to call for the punishment of those of Herod's people who ordered the death of the 2 teachers and the 40 youths. They also demanded the replacement of the High Priest, from the appointed High Priest of Herod's to a High Priest, "of greater piety and purity". Josephus does not tell who would be "of greater piety and purity". To this request, however, Archelaus acceded, although he was becoming angry at the presumptions of the crowds. Archelaus asked for moderation and told the crowds that all would be well if they would put aside their animosities and wait until he was confirmed as King by Caesar Augustus.

paragraph: Archelaus then left to feast with his friends. It was evening and as the darkness settled, a mourning and wailing begin over the city. Archelaus began to worry as people begin streaming into the Temple area and those who wailed for loss of the teachers continued their very loud mourning. The people were escalating in their threatening behavior. The Thackeray translation of Josephus here states it thus: "The promoters of the mourning for the doctors stood in the body of the temple, procuring recruits for their faction". Josephus does not tell us who these "promoters of the mourning", who recruit from within a body inside the Temple, could be.

paragraph: Archelaus then sent a general, some other people and finally a "tribune in Command of a Cohort" to reason with these "Seditionists", to stop their "innovations" and wait until Archelaus could return from Rome and Caesar. Those who came from Archelaus were stoned, with many killed. After the stoning, those who stoned the soldiers returned to their sacrifices, as if nothing had happened. Josephus does not tell who performed the sacrifices in the Temple. It was after midnight, and Archelaus suddenly ordered the entire army into the city to the Temple. Josephus records the death toll at 3000. Archelaus sent heralds around the city announcing the cancellation of Passover.

paragraph: Archelaus quickly sailed to Caesar and faced a group of enemies – his own family. Antipas, the younger brother of Archelaus who was deposed from Herod's will days earlier, argued that Archelaus merely feigned grief for his father, crying during the day and involved with great "merriment" during the nights. The threats carried out by Archelaus ending in the death of 3000 in the Temple were not just threats to the worshipers in Jerusalem at Passover, but also amounted to a threat to Caesar himself, since Archelaus acted in every manner a King, before such title had been given by Caesar.

paragraph: At this point, Nicolaus of Damascus argued to Caesar that Archelaus acted appropriately and that Herod's will, supposedly written a few weeks prior (yielding the kingship to Archelaus and against Antipater), should be seen as valid. The change of this will in favor of Archelaus is given as Herod's true choice and, it is argued, occurred with Herod being in his right mind since he left the final decision to Caesar. The change of the will appears as one of Herod's last acts and it is attested from Jericho by one "Ptolemy", keeper of Herod's Seal. Nicholaus of Damascus had been Herod's confidant for years. He was loyal to Rome. Ptolemy was Nicholaus of Damascus' brother.

paragraph: Archelaus, at the conclusion of the arguments, fell at Caesar's feet. Caesar raised him up and stated that Archelaus "was worthy to succeed his father". Caesar gave Archelaus the title of Ethnarch and divided the kingdom. Rome would consolidate its power later.

paragraph: Thus, Archelaus received the Tetrarchy of Judea through the last will of his father, though a previous will had bequeathed it to his brother Antipas. He was proclaimed king by the army, but declined to assume the title until he had submitted his claims to Caesar Augustus in Rome. In Rome he was opposed by Antipas and by many of the Jews, who feared his cruelty, based on the murder of 3000; but in 4 BC Augustus allotted to him the greater part of the kingdom (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea) with the title of "ethnarch" (a ruler of an ethnic group).

paragraph: The first wife of Archelaus is given by Josephus simply as Mariamne, perhaps Mariamne III, daughter of Aristobulus IV, whom he divorced to marry Glaphyra. She was the widow of Archelaus' brother Alexander, though her second husband, Juba, king of Mauretania, was alive. This violation of the Mosaic law, along with Archelaus' continued cruelty, roused the ire of the Jews, who complained to Augustus. Archelaus fell into disrepute and was deposed in his 10th year of reign as ethnarch, being banished to Vienna (today Vienne) in Gaul. Samaria, Judea proper, and Idumea became the Roman province of Iudaea.

paragraph: Section::::Biblical references.

paragraph: Archelaus is mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 2, ). An angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and told him to get up and take Mary and Jesus and flee to Egypt to avoid the Massacre of the Innocents. When Herod the Great died, Joseph was told by an angel in a dream to return to the land of Israel (presumably to Bethlehem). However, upon hearing that Archelaus had succeeded his father as ruler of Judaea he "was afraid to go there" (), and was again warned in a dream by God "and turned aside to the region of" Galilee. This is Matthew's explanation of why Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea but grew up in Nazareth.

paragraph: The beginning and conclusion of Jesus' parable of the minas in the Gospel of Luke, chapter 19, may refer to Archelaus' journey to Rome. Some interpreters conclude from this that Jesus' parables and preaching made use of events familiar to the people as examples for bringing his spiritual lessons to life. Others read the allusion as arising from later adaptations of Jesus' parables in the oral tradition, before the parables were recorded in the gospels.

paragraph: A nobleman went into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom and then return ... But his citizens hated him and sent a delegation after him, saying, "We do not want this man to reign over us." ... "But as for these enemies of mine," [said the nobleman,] "who did not want me to reign over them, bring them here and slaughter them before me." (, , )

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herodian dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herodian kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- King Herod Archelaus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jewish Encyclopedia: Archelaus

description: Ethnarch of Samaria/Judea/Idumea from 4 BC to 6 AD

wikidata_label: Herod Archelaus

wikipedia_title: Herod Archelaus


text:
Chinese
Hong Kong
diocese
Methodist
Shanghai
Catholic Church
National Central University
Nanking
St. John's University, Shanghai
Master of Arts
Merton College, Oxford
Kuomintang
mainland China
Rome
Kung Kao Po
Orrea
Lorenzo Bianchi
bishop of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong
His Biography by the Catholic Church

categories: Bishops of Hong Kong,Chinese Roman Catholics,1920 births,Hong Kong Roman Catholics,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,St. John's University, Shanghai alumni,1973 deaths,Hong Kong people of Shanghainese descent,People from Shanghai,Converts to Roman Catholicism from Methodism

paragraph: Francis Hsu

paragraph: Francis Hsu Chen-Ping ; (20 February 192023 May 1973), was a Chinese clergyman. He was the third bishop, (the first Chinese one), of the Hong Kong Catholic diocese.

paragraph: Born into a Methodist family in Shanghai, Hsu joined the Catholic Church when he was teaching at a National Central University in Nanking between 1944 and 1947. He studied at St. John's University, Shanghai in 1936. He was awarded Master of Arts from Merton College, Oxford.

paragraph: Hsu escaped to Hong Kong in 1950 after the Kuomintang left mainland China. He was later ordained a Priest in Rome on 14 March 1959. Hsu was the editor of Kung Kao Po, a Catholic newspaper in Hong Kong, from 1959 to 1965. On 1 July 1967, he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Hong Kong and Titular Bishop of Orrea. After the resignation of Lorenzo Bianchi in 1969, he was appointed bishop of Hong Kong.

paragraph: Francis Hsu died in Hong Kong on 23 May 1973 from a heart attack.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His Biography by the Catholic Church

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Francis Hsu

wikipedia_title: Francis Hsu


text: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland

categories: Presidents of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland,1915 deaths,1855 births,Lentaigne family

paragraph: John Vincent Lentaigne

paragraph: Sir John Vincent Lentaigne (1855-1915) was an Irish surgeon and president of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland between 1908 and 1910.

wikidata_label: John Vincent Lentaigne

wikipedia_title: John Vincent Lentaigne


text:
DJ
Kalgoorlie
John Paul College
Lynwood Senior High School
Triple J Unearthed
Red Bull Music
Bali
Singapore,
India
Australia
India
Beyondthanoize.com
Inthemix
Artist Within

categories: Australian DJs,1985 births,Electronic dance music DJs,Australian record producers,Living people

paragraph: Beyond Tha Noize

paragraph: Richard Sacilotto (also known as his stage name Beyond Tha Noize) is an Australian producer and DJ from Kalgoorlie, Australia. He attended John Paul College and Lynwood Senior High School in Kalgoorlie/Perth. He is best known for his first releases "Pick Up The Bass" and "The Ambulance" which topped the charts on Triple J Unearthed.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: In 2012 Sacilotto was featured in the "Home Club Portraiture Project Book" which was featured by Red Bull Music. His 2017 single "We Get Lost" with Dair & Teckk charted at number 7 on Beatport Big Room Charts and his 2018 single "Dog Face Filter" received over 350k Shazams, Hitting the top 100 in China and Brazil

paragraph: Beyond Tha Noize has played in the United States, Bali, Singapore,India all over Australia including music festivals in Australia. Beyond Tha Noize was named Number 35 Australian DJ in 2016/2017 In The Mix Awards.

paragraph: In January 2017, Beyond Tha Noize joined with Sydney-based clothing company Serieux for a clothing sponsorship.

paragraph: In 2018 Beyond Tha Noize got new sponsorship with Melbourne Barber Silk Barbers.

paragraph: In 2018 Beyond Tha Noize had 3 number 1s on Spinnin Records Talent Pool with "We Get Lost" "Dog Face Filter" & "City Lights"

paragraph: In 2019 the song "Dance All Night" Was Released

paragraph: In 2019 Beyond Tha Noize is set for his 2019 India Tour.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beyondthanoize.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inthemix

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist Within

wikidata_label: Beyond Tha Noize

wikipedia_title: Beyond Tha Noize


text:
Senator of the College of Justice
Edinburgh
Charles Erskine, Lord Tinwald
Lord Justice Clerk
Sheriff-Depute of Perthshire
Baron of the Exchequer
Knight Marshal
Patrick Boyle, Lord Shewalton
Senator of the College of Justice
Alva, Clackmannanshire
Knight Marischal
St Cuthberts Churchyard
Alexander Murray, Lord Henderland
Robert Cullen, Lord Cullen
Moray Estate
William Tytler
Alexander Fraser Tytler
Charles Erskine (1716–1749)

categories: 1722 births,18th-century British judges,Scottish judges,Senators of the College of Justice,18th-century Scottish lawyers,Clan Erskine,People from Edinburgh,1796 deaths

paragraph: James Erskine, Lord Alva

paragraph: James Erskine, Lord Barjarg and Alva (20 June 1722 – 13 May 1796) was an 18th-century Scottish lawyer who rose to be a Senator of the College of Justice. For convenience his name was usually contracted to James Erskine, Lord Alva.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in Edinburgh, the son of Charles Erskine, Lord Tinwald, Lord Justice Clerk of Scotland, and his wife, Grisel Grierson.

paragraph: He became an advocate in 1743 and made Sheriff-Depute of Perthshire in 1748. In 1754 he became a Baron of the Exchequer and in 1758 Knight Marshal of Scotland. In 1761 he replaced Patrick Boyle, Lord Shewalton as a Senator of the College of Justice.

paragraph: In 1772, he changed his title to Lord Alva when he inherited the estate of the Erskines of Alva, Clackmannanshire. He lived at Drumsheugh House in western Edinburgh. In 1758, he was appointed Knight Marischal.

paragraph: He died on 13 May 1796 at Drumsheugh House in western Edinburgh and was buried in St Cuthberts Churchyard. The grave lies on the first dividing wall north of the church, just west of the large monument attributed to Alexander Murray, Lord Henderland.

paragraph: His place as Senator was filled by Robert Cullen, Lord Cullen.

paragraph: Drumsheugh House was demolished around 1860 to build the link road between the Moray Estate and the Haymarket area, now called Drumsheugh Gardens.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was married to Jean Stirling (1719–1797), daughter of John Stirling of Herbertshire.

paragraph: Their daughter, Isabella Erskine (d.1827), married Lt Col Patrick Tytler, son of Lord Alva's legal colleague, William Tytler and grandson of Alexander Fraser Tytler.

paragraph: His older brother was Charles Erskine (1716–1749).

description: Scottish advocate and judge

wikidata_label: James Erskine

wikipedia_title: James Erskine, Lord Alva


text:
Padilla
Tamaulipas
Mexico City
Mexican
Marine
Chetumal
Mexican Navy
Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo

categories: 1868 births,1959 deaths,People from Tamaulipas

paragraph: Othón P. Blanco Núñez de Cáceres

paragraph: Othón Pompeyo Blanco Núñez de Cáceres (March 7, 1868 in Padilla, Tamaulipas – October 18, 1959 in Mexico City) was a Mexican Marine and the founder of the city of Chetumal who served as undersecretary of the Mexican Navy from 1941 to 1946.

paragraph: The municipality of Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo, is named after him.

description: Mexican military official

wikidata_label: Othón P. Blanco Núñez de Cáceres

wikipedia_title: Othón P. Blanco Núñez de Cáceres


href: botanist Asa%20Gray Salix Populus Carex Carex%20grayi

text:
botanist
Asa Gray
Salix
Populus
Carex
Carex grayi

categories: Botanists active in North America,English botanists,19th-century British botanists,1797 births,1880 deaths

paragraph: John Carey (botanist)

paragraph: John Carey (1797-1880) was an English botanist who studied in North America between 1830 and 1852. Carey was a "frequent guest and invaluable companion" to Asa Gray. Carey revised Gray's proofs of the first edition of the "Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States", also contributing articles on "Salix" (willows), "Populus" (poplars), and "Carex" (sedges). In his obituary, Gray described Carey as "a near and faithful friend, an accomplished botanist, a genial and warm-hearted and truly good man."

paragraph: John Carey described several species, primarily in the genus "Carex", including "Carex grayi". Several species are named in his honor, including "Carex careyana" and "Persicaria careyi".

description: botanist (1797-1880)

wikidata_label: John Carey

wikipedia_title: John Carey (botanist)


text:
844
910
Japan
waka
poet
Buddhist
priest
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
Hyakunin Isshu
Henjō
Emperor Ninmyō
E-text of Sosei's poems

categories: 9th-century Japanese poets,Buddhist monks,Japanese male poets,840s births,910 deaths,Hyakunin Isshu poets

paragraph: Sosei

paragraph: Sosei (, 844 – 910) was a Japanese waka poet and Buddhist priest. He is listed as one of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals, and one of his poems was included in the famous anthology "Hyakunin Isshu". His father Henjō was also a waka poet and monk.

paragraph: Sosei entered religious life sometime after his father, who took the tonsure after the death of Emperor Ninmyō in 850.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E-text of Sosei's poems

description: Japanese poet

wikidata_label: Sosei

wikipedia_title: Sosei


text:
Annonay
Ardèche
Senegal
Mortar
National Constituent Assembly
East Indies
Pierre Antoine Monneron
Mauritius
Joseph François Augustin Monneron
Legislative Assembly
Paul Mérault Monneron
Charles Claude Ange Monneron

wikipedia_title:
Annonay
Ardèche
Senegal
Mortar (weapon)
National Constituent Assembly (France)
East Indies
Pierre Antoine Monneron
Mauritius
Joseph François Augustin Monneron
National Legislative Assembly (France)
Paul Mérault Monneron
Charles Claude Ange Monneron

categories: People of French India,Deputies to the French National Convention,1805 deaths,1742 births,People from Annonay

paragraph: Louis Monneron

paragraph: Jean Louis Monneron (12 September 1742, Annonay, Ardèche – 30 November 1805, Senegal), known as Monneron des Mortiers or Mortars Monneron, was a French businessman, arms supplier and politician. He supplied arms to Mauritius, becoming so rich he could advance large sums to the Spanish government. He was a member of the "Amis Réunis de Pondichéry" (1771) and député of the National Constituent Assembly for the East Indies.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: One brother, Pierre Antoine Monneron (1747–1801), was deputy to the National Constituent Assembly for Mauritius, whilst another - Joseph François Augustin Monneron (1756–1826) - was deputy for Paris to the Legislative Assembly, later becoming director general of the Caisse des Comptes Courants. Two other brothers were the engineer Paul Mérault Monneron and the deputy Charles Claude Ange Monneron.

description: French politician

wikidata_label: Louis Monneron

wikipedia_title: Louis Monneron


text: SS

text: World War II

text: Marzabotto massacre

text: Breslau

text: 11th Division

text: Western Front

text: Iron Cross 2nd class (1914)

text: Freikorps

text: Silesia

text: Reichswehr

text: Unterfeldwebel

text: SS

text: NSDAP

text: Gera

text: Untersturmführer

text: Standartenführer

text: Anschluss

text: Bohemia

text: Moravia

text: Sudetenland

text: SS Totenkopf Division

text: Battle of France

text: Lyon

text: Orléans

text: Tours

text: Bordeaux

text: Operation Barbarossa

text: Kraslava

text: Demyansk Pocket

text: Oberführer

text: Brigadeführer

text: Arno

text: Apennines

text: partisans

text: Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre

text: Marzabotto massacre

text: German Cross in Gold

text: XII SS Corps

text: Lorraine

text: United States Army

text: Siegfried Line

text: Saarland

text: Palatinate

text: Rhine

text: Main

text: Jagst

text: 4th US Armored Division

text: Tauber

text: Würzburg

text: Nuremberg

text: Danube

text: Munich

text: Isar

text: Schwäbisch Hall district

text: Baden-Württemberg

text: Wehrkraftzersetzung

text: Hitler Youth

text: Marzabotto massacre

text: HIAG

text: Clasp to the Iron Cross

text: German Cross

categories: Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves,German military personnel of World War I,Recipients of British royal pardons,Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 2nd class,1899 births,People from the Province of Silesia,Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria),People from Wrocław,SS-Gruppenführer,Nazis who served in World War I,Prussian Army personnel,Recipients of the Gold German Cross,Prisoners sentenced to death by the British military,20th-century Freikorps personnel,Officer's Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (military),German prisoners sentenced to death,Waffen-SS personnel,1961 deaths

paragraph: Max Simon

paragraph: Max Simon (6 January 1899 – 1 February 1961) was a German SS commander and war criminal during World War II. Simon was one of the first members of the SS in the early 1930s. He rose through the ranks of the SS, and became a corps commander during World War II. After the war, Simon was convicted for his role in the Marzabotto massacre.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Simon was born in Breslau. In 1917 he joined the army and served in the 11th Division. He served in Macedonia and on the Western Front, being awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class (1914). At the end of the war he joined the Freikorps in Silesia and fought against the Polish forces. His unit was later incorporated into the Reichswehr as the 16th Cavalry Regiment and Simon was promoted to Unterfeldwebel.

paragraph: In May 1933 he joined the SS service number 83 086 and the NSDAP party number 1 350 576, and was assigned to the 47th SS-Standarte in Gera and was promoted to Untersturmführer (Second Lieutenant) in November 1934, until ordered to raise a new unit in 1935, 1st SS Totenkopfstandarte "Oberbayern" and given the rank of Standartenführer (Colonel). In 1934 he was appointed as the commander of the Sachsenburg concentration camp. In 1938 he took part in the Anschluss of Austria, the occupation of Bohemia and Moravia and the occupation of the Sudetenland.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: At the start of World War II, the SS Regiment was renamed in October 1939. The 1st SS Totenkopfstandarte "Oberbayern", as the 1st Panzer Grenadier Regiment SS Totenkopf Division and was later renamed the 5th Panzer Grenadier regiment in 1943. During the Battle of France Simon, led his regiment in the capture of Pixie, Lyon, Orléans, Tours and Bordeaux and then advanced to the border with Spain.

paragraph: In July 1941 Simon took part in the invasion of Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, as part of Army Group North, taking Kraslava and breaking through the Stalin line, where Simon was wounded. For the fighting in the Battles of the Demyansk Pocket, Simon was awarded the Knight's Cross and promoted to Oberführer (Brigadier General). In December 1942 Simon was promoted again to Brigadeführer (Major General), prior to being given command of the 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS.

paragraph: The SS Division Reichsführer-SS was to be formed in Hungary from Simon's old regiment and the Sturmbrigade Reichsführer SS. In 1944 the division was moved to Italy, and fought, never complete, at Anzio and later in the Arno sector, where it gained a reputation for stability although it suffered heavy losses during the battles in the Apennines. The division also fought against partisans behind the lines, perpetrating several major atrocities against civilians (Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre and Marzabotto massacre), for which Simon was awarded the Oakleaves for the Knight's Cross and the German Cross in Gold, in October 1944.

paragraph: In November 1944, Simon was promoted to was given command of the XII SS Corps. The XIII SS Corps deployed to the Lorraine region against the United States Army, and from December 1944 defended the Siegfried Line (called the "Westwall" by the Germans).

paragraph: The XIII SS Army Corps was forced to withdraw into the Saarland and the Palatinate where it started to destroy the Rhine bridges. In April 1945 between Main and Jagst it came up against the 4th US Armored Division and took part in heavy fighting around the Tauber – Colombia line and around Würzburg and Nuremberg. The Corps then fought a withdrawal to the Danube and around Munich. On the orders of Simon the bridges over the Isar approaching Austria were not blown up, as he believed there was no need as the end of the war was near.

paragraph: Section::::Killings in Brettheim.

paragraph: Brettheim is a village in the Schwäbisch Hall district of Baden-Württemberg. Simon ordered the execution of Friedrich Hanselmann, Leonhard Gackstatter and Leonhard Wolfmeyer for "Wehrkraftzersetzung" on 10 April 1945. The farmer Hanselmann had taken away the weapons of 15-year-old boys from the Hitler Youth and had thrown them into the local pond. The boys reported this to their commanding officer SS-"Sturmbannführer" Gottschalk, who had Hanselmann arrested. Gottschalk sentenced Hanselmann to death and asked the mayor of Brettheim, Gackstatter, and the teacher Wolfmeyer to confirm the sentence. The two men refused and were subsequently also arrested and sentenced to death. The men were executed by hanging and strung up on a tree at the entrance of the local cemetery. Simon had ordered that the bodies be left hanging for four days. On 17 April 1945 American tanks approached the village. The SS had declared Brettheim a "cornerstone of the German defense" and prevented the hoisting of white flags. The Americans opened fire, and within a short time the village became a burning inferno. 17 civilians were killed.

paragraph: On 1 May 1945 the Corps surrendered to the American forces.

paragraph: Section::::War crimes conviction.

paragraph: After the war, Max Simon was sentenced to death by a British court for his part in the Marzabotto massacre. This sentence was later changed to life imprisonment. Simon was pardoned in 1954 and released from prison.

paragraph: Simon was subsequently tried three times in the Federal courts for the killings in Brettheim and other crimes, but, "to the horror of the West German public," was found not guilty. Simon died in 1961. Even in death, Simon caused some controversy, as HIAG, an organization of former Waffen-SS members, attempted to place a glorifying obituary for him in the German newspaper "Frankfurter Allgemeine". To HIAG's indignation, the newspaper refused to run the obituary.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (13 September 1939) & 1st class (2 October 1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight's Cross on 20 October 1941 as SS-"Oberführer" and commander of SS-Totenkopf-Infanterie-Regiment 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oak Leaves on 28 October 1944 as SS-"Gruppenführer" and "Generalleutnant" of the Waffen-SS and commander of 16. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division "Reichsführer-SS"

paragraph: BULLET::::- German Cross in Gold on 9 October 1944 as SS-"Gruppenführer" and "Generalleutnant" of the Waffen-SS in the 16. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division "Reichsführer-SS"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List SS-Gruppenführer

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Bibliography

description: German general

wikidata_label: Max Simon

wikipedia_title: Max Simon


text:
Saint-Marcellin, Isère
Vanikoro
La Pérouse
Dauphiné
University of Montpellier
Samoa
helminth
copepod
Pacific Ocean
Vanikoro
Solomon Islands
National Convention
Saint-Marcellin
Murviel-lès-Montpellier
Bossiaea heterophylla
Bossiaea prostrata
Capsalidae
Bosc
Cordier, Henri

wikipedia_title: Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse

categories: French biologists,1758 births,People from Saint-Marcellin, Isère,French naturalists,1788 deaths,18th-century French physicians

paragraph: Joseph Hugues Boissieu La Martinière

paragraph: Joseph Hugues Boissieu (de) La Martinière, also called Joseph La Martinière (1758, Saint-Marcellin, Isère - 1788, Vanikoro, Solomon Islands) was a French doctor of medicine and botanist and biologist. He disappeared in the Pacific whilst a member of the La Pérouse expedition.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Joseph Boissieu (de) La Martinière was from the Boissieu-Perrin family, an old middle-class family of the Dauphiné. His father Jean-Joseph Boissieu was a doctor of medicine attached to the faculty of the University of Montpellier who served a term as "consul" at Saint-Marcellin. The son Joseph was trained at Montpellier.

paragraph: As a member of the Lapérouse expedition, Joseph escaped death at the hands of natives in the islands of Samoa in December 1787, by swimming to a boat, without losing the plant specimens he held above water in one hand. In the course of the voyage La Martinière sent correspondence and interim reports back to France, one that traveled overland from Russian Asia in 1787 and another that was conveyed from Australia in 1788; they included newly discovered helminths, crustaceans and the first copepod identified in the Pacific Ocean. In 1788, the two ships of the expedition foundered at Vanikoro in the Solomon Islands and were lost.

paragraph: His brother Pierre Joseph Didier de Boissieu (1754 - 1812) was a deputy to the National Convention who did not vote for the King's death.

paragraph: Section::::Namesakes.

paragraph: Section::::Namesakes.:Places.

paragraph: Two French streets bear his name::

paragraph: BULLET::::- rue La Martinière, at Saint-Marcellin (Isère)

paragraph: BULLET::::- rue Joseph de La Martinière, in the new "quartier de la Rouvière Longue" at Murviel-lès-Montpellier

paragraph: Section::::Namesakes.:Botany.

paragraph: Two flowering plants in the genus "Bossiaea" commemorate his name in Latinised form:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bossiaea heterophylla"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bossiaea prostrata"

paragraph: Section::::Namesakes.:Zoology.

paragraph: A fish parasite in the Capsalidae family carries his name:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capsala martinierei" (Bosc), 1811).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les manants du roi"

paragraph: BULLET::::- David M. Damkaer, "The copepodologist's cabinet: a biographical and bibliographical history", 2002.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cordier, Henri. (1916). ""Deux compagnons de La Pérouse,"" in "Bulletin de la section de géographie", Paris; Cited on livre-rare-book.com en 01/2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Damkaer, David M. (2002). "The Copepodologist's Cabinet: a biographical and bibliographical history." Diane Publishing, .

description: French biologist, explorer and physician

wikidata_label: Joseph Hugues Boissieu La Martinière

wikipedia_title: Joseph Hugues Boissieu La Martinière


text: Hungarian

text: sprint canoeist

text: Summer Olympics

text: Rome

text: ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships

text: Erika

wikipedia_title: 1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships

wikipedia_title: 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships

wikipedia_title: 1971 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships

categories: 2015 deaths,Olympic silver medalists for Hungary,1933 births,Olympic canoeists of Hungary,Hungarian male canoeists,Canoeists at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Canoeists at the 1960 Summer Olympics,ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak,Olympic medalists in canoeing

paragraph: György Mészáros

paragraph: György Mészáros (April 30, 1933 – September 14, 2015) was a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won two silver medals at Rome in 1960, earning them in the K-1 4 × 500 m and the K-2 1000 m events.

paragraph: Mészáros also won five medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-2 1000 m: 1954), three silvers (K-1 4 × 500 m: 1958, K-4 1000 m: 1958, K-4 10000 m: 1971), and a bronze (K-4 10000 m: 1954).

paragraph: His daughter Erika won two Olympic canoeing medals of her own in the women's K-4 500 m event with a gold in 1992 and a silver in 1988.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Women's Kayak Fours 500 Meters". In "The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition". London: Aurum Press. p. 495.

description: Canoe racer

wikidata_label: György Mészáros

wikipedia_title: György Mészáros


text:
Blessed
Italian
Roman Catholic
professed religious
Order of Preachers
Pope Pius VIII
Republic of Venice
Pisa
Saint Catherine of Siena
Poor Clares
convent
Mas
Saint Bridget of Sweden
Order of Preachers
Saint Dominic
Pope Gregory XI
Livorno
Avignon
Rome
San Domenico
Marie Mancini
Pope Pius VIII

categories: Italian beatified people,14th-century venerated Christians,1420 deaths,Dominican beatified people,Venerated Catholics,14th-century Roman Catholics,People from Pisa,1362 births,15th-century Italian people,Italian Dominicans,15th-century Roman Catholics,Dominican nuns,Italian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns,People from Venice,15th-century venerated Christians,14th-century Italian people

paragraph: Chiara Gambacorti

paragraph: Blessed Chiara Gambacorti (1362 - 17 April 1420) – born Vittoria – was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious from the Order of Preachers. Gambacorti was born to rich merchants and was left a widow after a brief marriage. She escaped a second marriage after becoming a professed religious despite her father's fierce resistance.

paragraph: Her beatification received ratification from Pope Pius VIII on 4 March 1830 after her local 'cultus' received confirmation.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Vittoria Gambacorti was born in the Republic of Venice in 1362 to Pietro Gambacorti, a rich merchant who was sent into political exile that year. In 1369 political circumstances of Pisan politics saw them relocate to Pisa where her father was appointed as chief magistrate.

paragraph: Gambacorti was a pious child who seemed to be destined for an arranged marriage that would bring with it numerous political advantages not for her benefit but rather for the benefit of her father and brothers. She accepted this as the will of her father and was married to Simone Massa in 1374. Sometime after this her father met with Saint Catherine of Siena to discuss politics and the saint met with Gambacorti and offered her both advice and encouragement on being a good wife and above all a dedicated Christian. Her time as a wife was cut short when her husband died of the plague in 1377 and despite her happiness as a wife she was more than reluctant to enter marriage again, though aware that her father was negotiating another marriage for her. Not long after the death of her husband she received a letter from Saint Catherine who exhorted her to follow her faith.

paragraph: The frightened girl fled her home and sought refuge with the Poor Clares at their convent of Santa Croce, taking "Chiara" as her religious name . Her brother found her and removed her from the convent so that the arranged marriage could go ahead. Her father locked her in a dark room and kept her isolated from her friends, and from church life. But with the aid of her mother she managed to smuggle jewels out from her room to friends so the proceeds of the jewels could be used for the poor, while her mother smuggled her out to Mass on one occasion when her father and brothers were not at home. Her father asked a visiting Spanish bishop – a former confessor to Saint Bridget of Sweden – to persuade her to accept his views. But the bishop went against this and encouraged Gambacorti to pursue her call to the religious life, giving her father no other choice but to allow her to leave home. She had spent from 29 June 1376 to 30 November as her father's captive.

paragraph: Gambacorti did not return to the Poor Clares but entered the Order of Preachers, inspired by Catherine's example; she made her profession in December 1378. The convent she joined was weak in its observance to the rule of Saint Dominic so she – who favored a strict and rigorous implementation – arranged with her new stepmother for a new convent to be built. At the beginning of 1377 her father welcomed Pope Gregory XI in Livorno, when the pontiff was moving back from Avignon to Rome, and her father began work on a new church to celebrate the pontiff's return. The church of San Domenico was constructed in 1385 – at her father's orders – adjacent to her convent and she moved into the new convent completed on 29 August 1382. Gambacorti knew Marie Mancini around this time.

paragraph: On 21 October 1392 thugs murdered Giovanni Lanfranchi and his son and sought refuge at the home of Jacopo d'Appiano who was plotting an insurrection against Gambacorti's father. Then her father was chased by this mob and killed with several blows of a sword and dagger in the street outside her convent. Two of his sons (Lorenzo and Benedetto) were attacked in the fight as well. Benedetto died in the skirmish but Lorenzo was wounded and rushed to the convent, pleading with his sister for refuge. She refused him due to her earlier familial memories and allowed him to die in the streets.

paragraph: After it seemed that she would die she asked for food to be sent to her from the home of her father's murderer and the man's wife obliged, after which the man was killed. The widow and her daughters were then allowed to reside in the convent.

paragraph: Gambacorti died in Pisa on 17 April 1420 and a legend stated that when one of the sisters at her convent was at the verge of death her bones would rattle in her coffin.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: Her beatification received confirmation on 4 March 1830 from Pope Pius VIII after he confirmed the late nun's longstanding local 'cultus' (or popular devotion).

wikidata_label: Chiara Gambacorti

wikipedia_title: Chiara Gambacorti


text:
Blessed
Italian
Roman Catholic
Third Order of Saint Dominic
Pope Leo XII
Florence
convent
Santa Maria Novella
priests
Order of Preachers
Third Order of Saint Dominic
Sacred Scripture
Saint Paul's Epistles
Mass
Passion
Pope Leo XII
Saints SQPN

categories: Italian beatified people,Third Order of Saint Dominic,Dominican beatified people,Dominican tertiaries,Venerated Catholics,14th-century Roman Catholics,Lay Dominicans,Italian Dominicans,1361 deaths,People from Florence,Beatifications by Pope Leo XII,Members of the Dominican Order,Italian Roman Catholics,14th-century venerated Christians,14th-century Italian people,1332 births

paragraph: Villana de' Botti

paragraph: Blessed Villana de' Botti (1332 - 29 January 1361) was an Italian Roman Catholic professed member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. She turned to the Dominicans after a sudden conversion from a dissolute life and was noted for her simplistic life born out of her conversion. She was a pious and devoted child but after she was married she fell into secular values rather than following her faith. De' Botti had fierce detractors due to her stating she had religious ecstasies at Mass - which was true - and these opponents had even acknowledged her as a true living saint.

paragraph: The confirmation of her local 'cultus' on 27 March 1824 allowed for Pope Leo XII to approve her beatification.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Villana de' Botti was born in Florence in 1332 to the merchant Andrea de' Botti.

paragraph: De' Botti was a pious and devoted child who ran from home in 1345 in order to join a religious order at their convent. But the order she approached refused her and she was forced to return home to face the ire of her father. Her father decided to counter possible future attempts to join a convent when he decided to arrange his daughter's marriage to Rosso di Piero Benintendi in July 1351. But the rejection from the order she went to and her marriage changed the once-pious de' Botti who adopted a life of laziness and extravagance. But as she dressed in a gown of pearls and precious stones and prepared for an entertainment event she saw her reflection in the mirrors around her take the shape of demons as a reflection of her sin-laden soul. So she tore those clothes off in favor of something simple and wept as she fled to Santa Maria Novella and begged the priests of the Order of Preachers for their help while also making her confession.

paragraph: The converted soul became a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic and began to concentrate on her married life while spending her time reading Sacred Scripture (she was fond of Saint Paul's Epistles) and reading hagiographical accounts of saints. Her austerities as a sign of penance and her begging door to door concerned her husband and parents who had to stop her from continuing them. She also was given to religious ecstasies at the celebration of Mass but became the object of slander and ridicule - her detractors however realized in due course that she was a living saint.

paragraph: De' Botti died in 1361 wearing the habit of the Dominicans and on her deathbed she asked that the Passion be read out to her; she died when the words "He bowed His head and have up the Ghost" were read out. Her remains were taken to Santa Maria Novella but the priests were unable to inter her for a month due to the constant crowd of mourners. Her bereaved husband often said that when he felt discouraged or depressed he would go to the room that his late wife died in for solace.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: The confirmation of de' Botti's local 'cultus' on 27 March 1824 allowed for Pope Leo XII to grant his approval for her beatification.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saints SQPN

wikidata_label: Villana de' Botti

wikipedia_title: Villana de' Botti


text:
operetta
Phi-Phi
The Man in Evening Clothes
When Do You Commit Suicide?
Delphine
Aces of the Turf
A Star Disappears
Une jeune fille et un million
Rivaux de la piste
The Bread Peddler
La Danseuse nue
Soyez les bienvenus
Le Gendarme de Champignol
Un cheval pour deux
Alexandre Dréan
Data.bnf.fr
Brève biographie
Dréan

categories: 1884 births,20th-century French singers,French male actors,French male singers,People from Marseille,1977 deaths

paragraph: Alexandre Dréan

paragraph: Alexandre Dréan, or simply Dréan, (12 November 1884 – 8 March 1977) was a 20th-century French actor and singer.

paragraph: His interpretation of the operetta "Phi-Phi" in 1920 made him popular.

paragraph: His best-known songs are "Cache ton piano" and "Elle s'était fait couper les cheveux".

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1913: "Le Fils de Lagardère" : Passepoil

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930: "Bon appétit, messieurs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931: "The Man in Evening Clothes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931: "When Do You Commit Suicide?

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931: "Delphine" : Papillon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932: "Le Vendeur du Louvre" : Le vendeur

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932: "Aces of the Turf" : Papillon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932: "A Star Disappears" : Claudius

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932: "Une jeune fille et un million"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933: "Rivaux de la piste" : Paradis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933: "Le Cas du docteur Brenner"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934: "The Bread Peddler" : Cricri

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936: "Les Frères Delacloche"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952: "La Danseuse nue" : Gallus

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953: "Soyez les bienvenus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959: "Le Gendarme de Champignol" : le docteur

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "Un cheval pour deux" : le voisin

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexandre Dréan on Data.bnf.fr

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brève biographie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dréan sur "lesgensducinema.com"

description: French actor and singer

wikidata_label: Dréan

wikipedia_title: Alexandre Dréan


text:
Belarus
Olympic Games

categories: Rowers at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Belarusian male rowers,Rowers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,1985 births,Rowers at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Olympic rowers of Belarus,Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics,World Rowing Championships medalists for Belarus,Living people

paragraph: Stanislau Shcharbachenia

paragraph: Stanislau Shcharbachenia (born 5 March 1985) is a Belarusian rower. He competed at four Olympic Games from 2004 to 2016.

description: Belarusian rower

wikidata_label: Stanislau Shcharbachenia

wikipedia_title: Stanislau Shcharbachenia


text:
Amédée Artus
Incidental music
operetta
Théâtre de l'Ambigu
Théâtre du Châtelet
Michel Strogoff
Père Lachaise Cemetery
Amédée Artus
Léon Espinosa
Eugène Woestyn
Ernest Bourget
Hector Crémieux
La Dame de Monsoreau
Alexandre Dumas
Auguste Maquet
Eugène Grangé
Xavier de Montépin
couplet
Ferdinand Dugué
Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois
Jules Claretie
Théodore Barrière
Jules Verne
Adolphe d'Ennery
Paul Ferrier
Read online
Alexandre Artus
data.bnf.fr

categories: 1821 deaths,French conductors (music),French operetta composers,People from Perpignan,French classical composers,1911 deaths,French male conductors (music)

paragraph: Alexandre Artus

paragraph: Alexandre Artus (27 November 1821 – 19 August 1911) was a 19th-century French conductor and composer of classical music.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alexandre Artus, born in Perpignan in 1821, was the son of Joseph Pierre Artus (1791-1864) and Marie Angélique Salvo (1793-1864), both also from Perpignan. His father played the viola and he was the younger brother of Amédée Artus, also a composer and conductor.

paragraph: Incidental music and operettas coçmposer, he was the deputy chief and the conductor of the Théâtre de l'Ambigu which he left in 1863 by disagreements with the director and then became director of the Théâtre du Châtelet from 1885 to his death. He is known to have composed the music for the play by Jules Verne, "Michel Strogoff" (1881), adapted from the novel.

paragraph: Alexandre Artus is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1851: "L’Étoile du berger Chasse", arranged in doubled step for fanfare

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1857: "Les Chevaliers du brouillard", quadrille anglo-français, with Amédée Artus

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1857: "Les Viveurs de Paris"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chanson"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polka pour piano"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quadrille pour piano"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1858: "Faust", spectacle, choreography by Léon Espinosa

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1858: "Fanfan-la-Tulipe", quadrille for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1858: "Les Fugitifs", quadrille for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1858: "Le Martyre du cœur"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1859: "Fanfan-la-Tulipe", polka for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1859: "Le Maitre d'école", quadrille for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1859: "Polka du roi de carreau", for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1859: "La Voie sacrée, ou les Étapes de la gloire", military drama in five acts and 12 tableaux, by Eugène Woestyn, Ernest Bourget and Hector Crémieux

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1860: "Le Pied de mouton", show

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1860: "La Dame de Monsoreau", drama by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marche de la procession pour fanfare"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polka mazurka"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quadrille"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1860: "Le Marchand de coco", polka for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1860: "La Sirène de Paris", ronde chantée in the drama by Eugène Grangé and Xavier de Montépin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1861: "Le Monstre et le Magicien", couplets of the "Gitanos", lyrics by Ferdinand Dugué and quadrille for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1861: "Violette", polka mazurka for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1862: "Les Beaux Messieurs de Bois-Doré", quadrille for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1862: "La Bouquetière des Innocents", quadrille for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1862: "Cadet-Roussel", quadrille for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1862: "Les Hirondelles, ou pi pi pi pi pi pi ouit"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1862: "Louise", polka

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1862: "Les Mystères du Temple", polka for piano and quadrille

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1863: "François Les-bas-bleus", quadrille for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1863: "Les Hirondelles de Paris", Zoude, lyrics by Eugène Moreau and Jules Dornay

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1863: "La Poissarde !", quadrille for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1863: "Le Retour du soldat", cantata by Mélanie Waldor

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1865: "Rocambole (de l'Ambigu)", quadrille

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1865: "La Voleuse d'enfants", ronde des chauves-souris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1866: "Cric-crac tintamarre", ronde chantée in "Rocambole", lyrics by Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1874: "Les Bibelots du diable", valse des sultanes, piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1875: "Les Muscadins", quadrille, piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1875: "Les Rendez-vous de chasses", pas redoublé

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1876: "C'est du toc et de l'occase", ronde parisienne, lyrics by L. Gothi and V. Courtès

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1877: "Champagne ! En avant !", piano or orchestra, quadrille performed in "Le régiment de Champagne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1877: "Chanson du régiment de Champagne", lyrics by Jules Claretie

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1877: "Les Scaphandres", fantaisie

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1877: "La Marmite", chanson du timonier, sung in the hundredth of "Hamlet", lyrics by Théodore Barrière

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1877: "Thérésa", polka, motifs sur la pièce des "Sept châteaux du diable"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1878: "Rothomago-fanfare", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1878: "Fantaisie sur des motifs du drame « Au fond de la mer »"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1878: "Miranda", waltz

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1879: "Marche de la caravane de la vénus noire", show, piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1879: "Léo", walz for piano performed in "Les Pirates de la savane"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1879: "Rondes enfantines", fantaisie sur des motifs populaires, for piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1879: "Rondes et refrains populaires", ouverture pot-pourri

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1881: "Michael Strogoff" by Jules Verne

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Retraite russe et Marche de cavalerie", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marche triomphale", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quadrille", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marche des trompettes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonneries et batteries d'ordonnance", followed by "12 pas redoublés nouveaux", for bugles and drums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1882: "Les Mille et Une Nuits" by Adolphe d'Ennery and Paul Ferrier

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alchimiste-polka", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dinarzade", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shéérazade", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fanfare pour 4 trompettes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1882: "Quadrille américain", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1883: "Madame Thérèse", marche des trompettes, piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1883: "Le Bataillon de la Sarre, pas redoublé", arranged by Victor Gentil fils, for wind orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1883: "Éden Théâtre", pas redoublé pour musique militaire ou fanfare

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1883: "Marche de Cléopâtre", arrangée pour musique militaire ou fanfare

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1886: "De Crac-polka", piano or orchestra, dance

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1886: "Marche indienne du Rajah", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1886: "Valse des bayadères", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1887: "Valse des bergers", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1887: "Les Beaux Messieurs de Bois-doré", show

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1891: "Tout-Paris", piano or orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1891: "Hymne russe", military music or fanfare

paragraph: BULLET::::- undated: "Conseil à nos amis", lyrics by Libert, set to music with accompaniment of guitar or Lyre

paragraph: BULLET::::- undated "Souvenir de Biarritz", quadrille

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Goizet, A. Burtal, "Dictionnaire universel du théâtre en France", vol. 2, 1867, p. 86

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jann Pasler, "La République, la musique et le citoyen (1871–1914)", 2015 (Read online)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexandre Artus on data.bnf.fr

description: French composer and conductor

wikidata_label: Alexandre Artus

wikipedia_title: Alexandre Artus


text:
sports shooter
women's 10 metre air rifle
2016 Summer Olympics

categories: Brazilian female sport shooters,Competitors at the 2010 South American Games,Living people,South American Games bronze medalists for Brazil,Shooters at the 2016 Summer Olympics,South American Games medalists in shooting,Shooters at the 2015 Pan American Games,Place of birth missing (living people),Olympic shooters of Brazil,1973 births

paragraph: Rosane Ewald

paragraph: Rosane Ewald (born 27 August 1973) is a Brazilian sports shooter. She competed in the women's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

description: Brazilian sports shooter

wikidata_label: Rosane Budag

wikipedia_title: Rosane Ewald


text:
Ingolstadt
Munich
naturalist
musicologist
Geognosy
foundry practise
Georg Joseph Vogler
DBN

categories: People from Ingolstadt,German geologists,German musicologists,1890 deaths,1803 births

paragraph: Karl Emil von Schafhäutl

paragraph: Karl Franz Emil von Schafhäutl (16 February 1803 in Ingolstadt – 25 February 1890 in Munich) was a German naturalist and musicologist.

paragraph: He was professor of Geognosy in Munich. He was the author of "Geognostische Untersuchungen des südbayerischen Alpengebirges" (1851) and "Der Gregorianische Choral in seiner Entwicklung" (1869). He also studied mining and foundry practise.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geognostische Untersuchungen des südbayrischen Alpengebirges" Munich, 1851

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Südbayerns Lethae geognostica" , Lipsia, 1863

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Geologie in ihrem Verhältnis zu den übrigen Naturwissenschaften" Munich, 1843

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die neuesten geologischen Hypothesen und ihr Verhältnis zu den übrigen Naturwissenschaften überhaupt", 1844

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der echte gregorianische Choral in seiner Entwicklung bis zur Kirchenmusik unserer Zeit" Munich, 1869

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ein Spaziergang durch die liturgische Musikgeschichte der katholischen Kirche" Munich, 1887

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abt Georg Joseph Vogler", 1888 also Hildesheim ; New York : Georg Olms, 1979.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wilhelm Ernst, Karl Emil von Schafhäutl (1803–1890). Ein bayerisches Universalgenie des 19. Jahrhunderts" (Karl Emil von Schafhaeutl (1803–1890). Privately published Ernst, Ingolstadt, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- DBN

alias:
(Karl Franz) Emil Schafhäutl
Schafh.

description: German physicist, geologist, librarian and musicologist

wikidata_label: Karl Emil von Schafhäutl

wikipedia_title: Karl Emil von Schafhäutl