text: Mary, Queen of Scots

text: Prince James

text: Stirling Castle

text: Agnes Strickland

text: Master of the Revels

text: Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley

text: James Melville of Halhill

text: round table like King Arthur's

text: satyr

text: nymph

text: George Buchanan

text: nereid

text: faun

text: naiad

text: Orkney Islands

text: Middle Ages

text: William of Malmesbury

text: Wace

text: Layamon

text: Brut

text: Saint Austin

text: Rochester

text: rayfish

text: Polydore Vergil

text: Strood

text: Thomas Becket

text: Christopher Hatton

text: high table

text: Earl of Bedford

text: taffeteis

text: John Chisholm

text: wildmen

text: landsknecht

text: moors

text: Lord Darnley

text: Charles IX

text: polemic

text: Kirk o'Field

text: Antonia Fraser

text: George Buchanan

text: Holyroodhouse

text: Earl of Bothwell

text: Berwick upon Tweed

text: William Drury

text: Ilande wede

text: David Rizzio

text: Earl of Lennox

text: Margaret Carwood

text: Dunbar Castle

text: Holyroodhouse

text: Anthomy Standen

text: Lord Darnley

text: pillion riders

text: Seton Palace

text: Robert Melville of Murdocairney

text: Lord Burghley

text: John Hungerford Pollen

text: Scots

text: Bishop of Mondovì

text: nuncio

text: Archbishop of Glasgow

text: Battle of Carberry Hill

text: Battle of Langside

text: Regent Moray

text: Lochleven Castle

text: Nicholas Throckmorton

text: Tutbury Castle

text: John Lesley

text: Bishop of Ross

text: Sheffield Castle

text: emblems

text: Duke of Norfolk

text: Ridolfi plot

text: Northern Rebellion

text: Earl of Shrewsbury

text: St Paul's Church

text: Regent Morton

text: Claude Nau

text: Nottingham

text: Elizabeth

text: Master of Gray

text: horse-fair

text: Lenton

text: Wingfield Manor

text: Countess of Northumberland

text: Wentworth House

text: William Camden

text: Leonard Dacre

text: Tutbury Castle

text: Ralph Sadler

text: Francis Walsingham

text: Chartley

text: Amias Paulet

text: Francis Walsingham

text: Michel de Castelnau

text: Amias Paulet

text: Charles Paget

text: Babington Plot

text: Hundsdon

text: Cobham

text: Tixall

text: Fotheringay Castle

text: masque

text: Peterborough Cathedral

text: Duchess of Guise

text: Hardwick Hall

categories: French expatriates in Scotland,French musicians,Servants,English folklore,16th-century French people,Scottish royal favourites,Court of Mary, Queen of Scots,French expatriates in England,European court festivities,Embroidery designers,Kent folklore

paragraph: Bastian Pagez

paragraph: Bastian Pagez was a French servant and musician at the court of Mary, Queen of Scots. He devised part of the entertainment at the baptism of Prince James at Stirling Castle in 1566. When Mary was exiled in England, Bastian and his family continued in her service. The 19th-century historian Agnes Strickland considered his court role as equivalent to the English Master of the Revels; in England he was Mary's chamber valet and designed her embroidery patterns.

paragraph: Section::::Christening at Stirling.

paragraph: Bastian is first recorded at the Scottish court in 1565 when Mary and Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley bought him an elaborate and expensive suit of clothes costing over £100 Scots as a mark of their favour.

paragraph: James Melville of Halhill wrote in his "Memoirs" that Bastian was responsible for an entertainment in the Great Hall of Stirling Castle which offended the English guests at the baptism of the future James VI. Mary and thirty guests sat at a round table like King Arthur's at the head of the hall. The courses of the dinner were brought up the hall on a moving table, with twelve men dressed as satyrs, with long tails, carrying lighted torches. In their other hand the satyrs carried whips to clear the way in front. When the table reached the stage, the satyrs passed their torches to bystanders. Then six servers dressed as nymphs who had been seated on the moving table, passed the food to the satyrs, who brought the dishes up to the round table on the stage. Meanwhile, the nymphs and satyrs sang Latin verses specially written by George Buchanan in honour of the food and hosts as the "gift of the offering of rustic gods to James and his mother." Parts of the song were given to the satyrs, nereids, fauns, and naiads who alternately addressed the Queen and Prince, and it was concluded by characters representing the Orkney Islands. Although the choreography was perfect, when the satyrs first wagged their tails, the Englishmen took it as reference to an old saying that Englishmen had tails.

paragraph: This story of English tails was first set down in the Middle Ages by the chronicle writers William of Malmesbury, Wace, and Layamon in his "Brut". The origin was a legend that Saint Austin cursed the Kentish men of Rochester to have rayfish tails, and afterwards they were called "muggles". Polydore Vergil had published a more current version of the ancient legend, writing that the curse applied to the descendants of people from Strood who had cut off the tail of Thomas Becket's horse. From this ancient story it had become proverbial in Europe that all Englishmen had secret tails.

paragraph: Melville criticised the diplomacy of the guests for taking offence, saying they should have pretended not to see the joke. Some of the English guests, including Christopher Hatton, sat down behind the high table to face away from the spectacle, and the Queen and the English ambassador, the Earl of Bedford had to smooth things over. Melville said that Hatton told him he would have stabbed Bastian for the offence, done because Mary, for once, showed more favour to Englishmen rather than the French.

paragraph: The supper with courses served by satyrs was on the 19 December 1566, two days after the baptism of the Prince, according to an English journal of the event. The moving table or stage was drawn up the hall four times for four courses, led by the satyrs. Each time its decorative theme was renewed. It broke during the fifth course. Amongst other payments, the royal accounts record that Bastian was given 40 ells of "taffeteis of cord" in three colours for seven (or some) "preparatives" for the baptism. "Preparatives" here may mean "harbingers," the role of the satyrs at the feast, but may just mean the preparations in general.

paragraph: The detail of the other formal banquet on the day of baptism was described in the manuscript called the "Diurnal of Occurents". On the day of the banquet with satyrs, there had been fireworks directed by John Chisholm and the gunners Charles Bordeaux and James Hector with a pageant consisting of an assault on a mock castle by wildmen. The 28 wildmen dressed in goats-skin were fought by fifteen soldiers dressed as landsknechts, moors, and devils, armed with two cannons. James's father, Lord Darnley, was estranged from the Queen. He stayed privately in the castle, and the French ambassador Monsieur Le Croc was instructed not to speak to him by Charles IX. On the day of the baptism Le Croc sent a message to Darnley that if he came to his room, he would exit by the other door.

paragraph: On the night of the murder of Lord Darnley, it was recorded that Mary left his bedside early to attend a dance for Bastian's marriage. While some contemporary polemicists and previous writers had considered it surprising that she left the Kirk o'Field lodging to attend a servant's wedding, the historian Michael Lynch noted that she left to attend celebrations that were, "not those of an obscure servant but of the architect of the Stirling triumph." As the biographer Antonia Fraser put it, his masque was of special importance to Mary, "in view of the fact that he had designed one for her only six weeks previously."

paragraph: Section::::Bastian's wedding masque.

paragraph: Mary, Queen of Scots attended Bastian's wedding dance on 9 February 1567, the night before the murder of Darnley at the Kirk o'Field lodging. On the 8 February she gave him black satin cloth for his wife's marriage gown. George Buchanan, who calls him Sebastian, one of the queen's musicians or singers, says that Mary left the wedding to meet Darnley but returned to Holyroodhouse to join the dance and follow the custom of putting the bride to bed. The confessions of accomplices to the King's murder mention the torchlit procession of the Queen's retinue passing back down Blackfriar's Wynd to the wedding, which has become part of the enduring imagery of the night.

paragraph: After the Earl of Bothwell was accused of Darnley's murder, on 19 February 1567 a number of the queen's French servants crossed the border to Berwick upon Tweed in England. Only "Sebastian" was named by the Governor of Berwick, William Drury, who noted they were all, except their single Scottish escort, wearing "Ilande wede." An anonymous written accusation of Bothwell fixed on the door of Edinburgh's Tolbooth on the same day demanded the arrest of Bastian and Joseph Rizzio, the brother of David Rizzio. At the trial of Bothwell on 12 April 1567, a letter from Darnley's father, the Earl of Lennox, was submitted, which named Bastian, Joseph, and Charles Bordeaux, the French gunner who directed the fireworks at the baptism, as suspects who should be arrested. Bothwell was acquitted, and nothing was done with Lennox's list.

paragraph: Section::::Bastian's wedding masque.:Christine or Margaret?

paragraph: Although it has often been written that Bastian married one of the Queen's ladies, Margaret Carwood, his wife's name, as recorded in the parish register of Holyroodhouse and Canongate and only a few years later in England, was Christily or Christine Hogg. The parish register entry, which is dated later in the year, records the marriage was celebrated in the Queen's House.

paragraph: Margaret Carwood was married the day after Darnley's murder. It has been said that Margaret Carwood and Bastian accompanied the Queen when she rode to Dunbar Castle on 12 March 1566 after the murder of David Rizzio. A 17th-century account of the Queen's escape from Holyroodhouse after that murder says that Arthur Erskine of Blackgrange and Anthomy Standen had the Queen and Lord Darnley as pillion riders as they rode to Seton Palace. The Captain of the Queen's guard had one of the Queen's ladies behind him, and Sebastian Broune rode alone. From this later story it uncertain if Bastian was the lone rider.

paragraph: Section::::Messenger to London and Paris.

paragraph: On 26 February 1567, Bastian arrived in London with Mary's French financial comptroller, Monsieur Dolu, and went to the Scottish ambassador, Robert Melville of Murdocairney. Bastian carried a letter from Mary to Queen Elizabeth which he gave to Lord Burghley in person. The Spanish ambassador in London identified Bastian as the "groom who married the night following the death of King" and reported that this letter consisted of Mary's lamentations for troubles and her wish not to calumniated in England by rumours of her involvement in the murder. Bastian then went with Dolu to Dieppe in March 1567.

paragraph: The "young French varlet of the Scots queen" arrived in Paris on 4 March, identified by the historian John Hungerford Pollen as Bastian. He brought a letter from Mary written in Scots for Vincenzo Laureo, Bishop of Mondovì and nuncio for Scotland. The bishop found only one new detail in the letter, that one of Darnley's ribs was found to be broken. (The significance to Mary was the controversy over the cause of his death.) Neither of these letters carried by Dolu or Bastian survive, but they probably carried the letter written by Mary at Seton Palace on 18 February to the Archbishop of Glasgow in Paris. Bastian returned to Scotland and was later arrested by the King's party the day after the Battle of Carberry Hill on 16 June 1567.

paragraph: Bastian and his family followed Mary into exile in England after her defeat at the Battle of Langside, before he left Scotland, the new ruler, the Regent Moray, paid "Sebastian Padges Frenchman" £40 Scots. Mary had requested that Bastian join her at Lochleven Castle in July 1567, the English ambassador Nicholas Throckmorton noted that she had asked the Lords for, "an imbroiderer to draw forth suche work as she would be occupied about."

paragraph: Bastian and Christine Hogg were listed in Mary's household at Tutbury Castle in October 1569 and at Sheffield on 3 May 1571. Mary wrote to John Lesley, Bishop of Ross, from Sheffield Castle in September saying she had to give up some servants, but Bastian was deemed necessary. Bastian's inventions for her needlework were her first solace after her books, and she had requested that he and his wife join her from Scotland. They served her well and faithfully, but had children and no support, and his friends offered him advancement in France. She hoped the bishop could get him some French appointment to give him the financial security to stay with her. (Mary wrote a similar letter on 12 August 1585 on behalf of another embroiderer, Pierre Oudry.)

paragraph: Although Mary's needlework may seem a hobby, the historian Michael Bath notes one of her needlework emblems on a pillow was cited in the trial of the Duke of Norfolk in 1571 after the Ridolfi plot that would have set Mary on the English throne as the culmination of the Northern Rebellion. Bastian was later alleged to have been involved in the plot to free Mary.

paragraph: In November 1571, the Earl of Shrewsbury discovered that Bastian had tried to send letters in cipher from Mary to the French ambassador. Bastian had been picking up the ambassador's letters from Nicolas, an Englishman employed as an interpreter, in St Paul's Church in Sheffield. Shrewsbury asked Lord Burghley if he should take any action regarding Bastian. Regent Morton discovered in 1574 that Christine Hogg's mother in Edinburgh was involved in Mary's secret correspondence via the Earl of Shrewsbury's Scottish schoolmaster, Alexander Hamilton.

paragraph: Bastian's involvement in Mary's secret correspondence was noted again in 1575, and in 1580 he sent a cipher key to one of his relations. Mary asked for horses in December 1581 for four unarmed riders, including Bastian, to accompany her excursions by coach. The other riders she suggested, the secretary Claude Nau, Curll, and Melville had also been mentioned with Bastian in connection with secret letters. In November 1584, Bastian travelled as far as Nottingham, accompanying Claude Nau, who was going to London to meet with Elizabeth and with the Scottish ambassador, the Master of Gray. On the way, they visited the annual horse-fair at Lenton, where their apparent liberty raised eyebrows.

paragraph: Section::::Bastian and his family in England.:Children of the captivity.

paragraph: For a time in 1578, Christine Hogg and her eldest daughter left Mary's household, and Walsingham prevented her return. By August 1587, Bastian and Christine had two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, sons David and Jacques, and five younger children whose names were not recorded. David, the eldest son, left the Queen's household, which was called her "family", in May 1571. One child was born at Wingfield Manor in November 1569 at the time of the Northern rebellion. Later, the Earl of Shrewsbury wrote that Mary Queen of Scots had planned to escape after the birth, dressed as Christine's midwife. The midwife's part would have been played by Anne Somerset, Countess of Northumberland because they were "something like in personage." The Northumberlands were staying at nearby Wentworth House. The Elizabethan writer William Camden attributed an escape plan from Wingfield at this time to Leonard Dacre.

paragraph: When Mary Queen of Scots was to be moved to Tutbury Castle in November 1584, it was suggested the children in the household should be sent away. Ralph Sadler wrote to Francis Walsingham, asking that the families should not be split up, as Christily was a necessary person who the captive Queen could not spare. Bastian was lodged in a free-standing building with Pierre Oudry, another embroiderer and Marmaduke Dorrel, an English officer of household, within the castle courtyard, separate from Mary's lodging. It was planned that Christine and her daughters Mary and Elizabeth, would be removed from the household in January 1586, and Bastian was likely to be removed because, although he was thought useful to the Queen, he would not stay without his family. However, Bastian and his family remained with Mary at Chartley, probably because Christine was pregnant, and she had her child at Eastertime. The Queen's jailor, Amias Paulet, wrote to Francis Walsingham about the caution he would use employing midwives.

paragraph: Mary wrote on 12 August 1585 to the French ambassador in London, Michel de Castelnau. She asked him for a passport for her "brodeur" and his family who were happy enough to return to France where they would be better off than with her. Two less well qualified "garçon" embroiderers could serve her well enough. This letter referred to her other embroiderer called "Audrey," Pierre Oudrie, who had a wife and five children. Mary's jailer Amias Paulet was worried that Audrey's wife was a "women of judgement and understanding" who might become a "dangerous messenger" for Mary. Six months later she became troubled by mental illness and had to be restrained. Pierre Oudrie had been an embroiderer for the queen in Scotland since 1562. Another embroiderer, Charles Pluvart, and Bastian and his family would remain with the Scottish queen to the end.

paragraph: Section::::Bastian and his family in England.:Bastian and the Babington plot.

paragraph: A letter of the conspirator Charles Paget, who was part of the Babington Plot to free (or incriminate) Mary, gives an insight to Bastian's status, showing he was an intimate of the Queen, but not an essential member of her secretariat. Paget wrote to Mary on 4 January 1586 that he would try to introduce a Catholic priest into the house under the name of Master Alisson. Alisson's innocent letter of introduction would be brought to Bastian or Christine, because if there was a problem the secretaries would not be compromised. Paget's letter was intercepted, deciphered, copied, and signed on the back by Burghley, Hundsdon, Cobham, Shrewsbury and Walsingham.

paragraph: When the English authorities decided to act on the plot on 11 August 1586, Mary was out riding with Bastian, her doctor Dominique Bourgoing and others, and they were surprised by armed soldiers who took them to nearby Tixall. When Mary was returned to Chartley two weeks later, Bastian was offered the keys to Mary's room, but the Queen told him not to accept and had an English officer open her things. She found her papers had been taken away whereupon she said two things could not be taken from her, her English blood and her Catholic religion. Paulet drew up a new list of her servants, and wrote;If Bastian's wyfe be discharged yt is like that Bastian will desire to go with his wyfe, wherein there were no greate losse because he is cunning in hys kynde, and full of sleightes to corrupt yonge men.

paragraph: Section::::Bastian and his family in England.:Fotheringhay and France.

paragraph: The Queen was moved to Fotheringay Castle, Bastian's daughter, Mary Pagez appears in the list of Mary's servants at Fotheringhay after the Queen's execution in 1587, her parents having been left behind. Paulet thought the dismissed servants left at Chartley were "silly and simple souls" with the exception of Bastian. In a list made of the Queen's possessions and bequests in the keeping of her servants, Mary Pagez's father has in money 300 French crowns, and a "suit of savage attire," which seems to relate to his masque productions or the "ilande wede" Drury saw him wearing at Berwick. Mary Pagez had a jewel with a sapphire from the Queen for her father and another with a green enamelled bird, Christine was given a pair of bracelets and a ring.

paragraph: After the funeral of Mary Queen of Scots at Peterborough Cathedral, the re-united Pagez family were given passports to travel to France. In her will of 7 February 1587, Queen Mary recommended that Mary Pagez should become a servant of the Duchess of Guise.

paragraph: In 1601, an inventory of the contents of Hardwick Hall included, in the wardrobe, "a picture of Bastean", which may have been a portrait of Bastian Pagez.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bath, Michael, 'Anglici caudati: courtly celebration and national insult in the Stirling 1566 royal baptism,' in Alison Adams and Philip Ford, ed., "Le livre demeure: Studies in Book History in Honour of Alison Saunders", Librairie Droz, Geneva (2011), pp. 183–94.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carpenter, Sarah, 'Performing Diplomacies: the 1560s Court Entertainments of Mary Queen of Scots,' in "Scottish Historical Review", vol.82, 2, no.214 (October 2003), pp.194-225

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lang, Andrew, 'The Household of Mary Queen of Scots in 1573', in "Scottish Historical Review", vol.2 no.8 (July 1905), pp. 345–355

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lynch, Michael, 'Queen Mary's Triumph: the Baptismal Celebrations at Stirling in 1566,' in "Scottish Historical Review", vol.69, 1, no.187 (April 1990), pp. 1–21.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Archives of Scotland, E23/3/18, precept for taffeta for the baptism of James VI, signed by Mary and Bastian. SCRAN, ID: 000-000-547-975-C, (login required)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buchanan, George, "Detectio Mariae", (1571), on-line bilingual version by Dana F. Sutton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buchanan, George, "Rerum Scotarum Historia", (1582), on-line bilingual edition by Dana F. Sutton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Summary of a lecture, The Genial Bastian Pagez, given to the Marie Stuart Society by Graeme Cruickshank, October 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wingfield Manor, English Heritage (limited opening times)

description: French servant and musician

wikidata_label: Bastian Pagez

wikipedia_title: Bastian Pagez


text:
Oki Islands
Kamakura shogunate
Saiō
Ise Shrine
Emperor Kōgon

categories: 1333 deaths,1303 births,Emperor Go-Daigo,Japanese empresses

paragraph: Saionji no Kishi

paragraph: She was the 3rd daughter of Saionji Sanekane (西園寺実兼). She married with then Crown Prince Takaharu (later Emperor Go-Daigo) in 1313. Prince Takaharu acceded to the throne as Emperor Go-Daigo in the 2nd lunar month, 1318 and Kishi was made a lady-in-waiting in the 4th lunar month the same year. She was made Empress consort in the 8th lunar month, 1319. Emperor Go-Daigo was captured and exiled to the Oki Islands by the  Kamakura shogunate  in the 3rd lunar month, 1332 and Kishi became a Buddhist nun in the 8th month the same year. Emperor Go-Daigo escaped from the Oki Islands and returned to Kyoto in the 6th lunar month, 1333. After that, Kishi resumed the title of Empress consort and was made Empress Dowager soon afterwards. She died at the age of 31 on the 10th lunar month 12th, 1333.

paragraph: Issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- princess (1314–?), died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess "Kanshi" (懽子内親王) (Senseimon-in, 宣政門院) (1315–1362), Saiō at Ise Shrine; later, married to Emperor Kōgon

description: Empress consort of Japan

wikidata_label: Saionji Kishi

wikipedia_title: Saionji no Kishi


text:
Bowden House
Ashprington
Totnes
House of Commons
Totnes
Totnes
Dean Prior
Exeter College, Oxford
Middle Temple
Member of Parliament
Totnes
High Sheriff of Devon
Devon
Newton St Cyres
Newton St Cyres
Northcote Baronets
Earls of Iddesleigh
Newton Toney

categories: Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford,English MPs 1597–1598,English MPs 1628–1629,People of the Tudor period,1566 births,English MPs 1624–1625,1637 deaths,English MPs 1625,People from Totnes,People of the Stuart period,Members of the Middle Temple,English MPs 1614,English MPs 1621–1622

paragraph: Edward Giles

paragraph: Sir Edward Giles (1566–1637) of Bowden House, Ashprington, near Totnes, Devon, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1597 and 1629.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Giles was the son John Giles of Bowden, Member of Parliament for Totnes, and was baptised at Totnes on 21 July 1566. Edward's great-grandfather, John Giles, was also MP for Totnes. His Great-Grandfather was one of the richest merchants in Devon and owned properties in and around Totnes, Dean Prior, Bowden and Ashprington.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford on 1 February 1583, aged 17. He was a student of the Middle Temple in 1584. In 1597 he was elected Member of Parliament for Totnes. He was knighted on 23 July 1603 and appointed High Sheriff of Devon for 1612–13. In 1614 he was elected MP for Devon. He was elected MP for Totnes again in 1621 and was re-elected in 1624 and 1625. In 1628 he was elected MP for Totnes again and sat until 1629 when King Charles I decided to rule without Parliament for eleven years.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: On 28 January 1587 at Newton St Cyres, near Crediton, Devon, Giles married Mary Drewe daughter and heiress of Edmond Drewe of Hayne, Newton St Cyres, Devon, and widow of Walter Northcote (1566–1587), younger brother of John Northcote (1570–1632) of Uton and Hayne, Newton St Cyres, the latter who was ancestor of the Northcote Baronets and the Earls of Iddesleigh. By his wife he had one son, Adam (born 21 March 1595 in Newton Toney, Wiltshire), and one daughter, neither of whom survived him.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Giles died at the age of 71 and was buried in St George's Church, Dean Prior, where survives his monument erected in 1642.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Edward Giles

wikipedia_title: Edward Giles


text:
Japan
football
midfielder
J3 League
Blaublitz Akita
Fujieda MYFC
Profile at Blaublitz Akita

categories: Association football people from Saga Prefecture,Japanese footballers,J2 League players,Yokohama FC players,J3 League players,Fujieda MYFC players,Blaublitz Akita players,1990 births,Matsumoto Yamaga FC players,Association football midfielders,Living people,Japan Football League players

paragraph: Ken Hisatomi

paragraph: Ken Hisatomi (久富 賢, born September 29, 1990) is a Japanese football player who plays as a midfielder for J3 League team Blaublitz Akita.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: On 5 December 2013, Hisatomi was selected as Fujieda MYFC's player of the 2013 season by a fan blog.

paragraph: Section::::Club statistics.

paragraph: "Updated to 23 February 2018".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Blaublitz Akita

description: Japanese footballer

wikidata_label: Ken Hisatomi

wikipedia_title: Ken Hisatomi


text: Speyer

text: Constance

text: Imperial Count

text: Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg

text: Thirty Years' War

text: Fürstenberg

text: Frederick IV of Fürstenberg

text: Chorbishop

text: Magdeburg

text: Strasbourg

text: St. Gereon

text: Rouffach

text: letters patent

text: Catholic League (German)

text: Thirty Years War

text: Edict of Restitution

text: Franconia

text: Württemberg

text: Johann von Aldringen

text: Württemberg

text: Peace of Cherasco

text: Tilly

text: Georg of Hohenzollern-Hechingen

text: Reichshofrat

text: Dietenhofen

text: Franz Egon

text: Herman Egon

text: Wilhelm Egon

text: Battle of Etampes

text: Theatrum Europaeum

categories: 1635 deaths,German people of the Thirty Years' War,Generals of the Holy Roman Empire,Counts of Fürstenberg,1588 births

paragraph: Egon VIII of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg

paragraph: Egon VIII of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (Ernst Egon; 21 March 1588 in Speyer – 24 August 1635 in Constance) was Imperial Count of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (1618–1635) and Bavarian Field-marshal, and an important military leader in the Thirty Years' War.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Egon came from the noble house of Fürstenberg. His father was Frederick IV of Fürstenberg (1563–1617), and his mother was Elizabeth of Sulz (1562/63-1601).

paragraph: Presumably the third son of the couple, Egon held several church offices. He was Chorbishop of Magdeburg and Strasbourg, treasurer and prebendary, Provost at St. Gereon in Cologne and of Archduke Leopold, Bishop of Passau and Strasbourg, Council and the governor in the autonomous Cathedral district of Rouffach.

paragraph: By imperial letters patent of 9 September 1619, he was made a warlord of the Catholic League (German) during the Thirty Years War. In 1631, Egon of Fürstenberg enforced the Edict of Restitution in Franconia and Württemberg. Together with Johann von Aldringen, he waged war on Württemberg after the Peace of Cherasco, which forced the Duke of Württemberg to submit to the emperor and to distance himself from the decisions of the Leipzig convention. On 14 September 1631, during the siege of Leipzig, he commanded the right wing of the imperial troops led by General Tilly.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and descendants.

paragraph: Egon married Anna Maria of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1605–1652), the daughter of Georg of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. They had seven sons and four daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleonore (1620 – died young).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elisabeth (1621 – 1662), married Ferdinand Count of Lynden and Reckheim.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferdinand Frederick Egon (1623 – 1662), Imperial Reichshofrat and colonel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leopold Ludwig Egon (1624 – 1639), died before the age of 15 at Dietenhofen in the imperial service.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Egon (1626 – 1682), bishop of Strasbourg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herman Egon (1627 – 1674), Prince of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg from 1664.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Egon (1628 – 1629).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelm Egon (1629 – 1704), bishop of Strasbourg as a successor to his brother Franz Egon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst Egon (1631 – 1652 in the Battle of Etampes).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Franziska (1633 – 1702), married Wolfgang William, Count Palatine of Neuburg, and after his death Leopold Wilhelm, Margrave of Baden-Baden.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Maria (1634 – 1705), married Ferdinand Karl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theatrum Europaeum, Vol 2, Frankfurt am Main, 1646, p. 396 online]

description: Count von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg, Bavarian Field-marshal and commander in the Thirty Years' War

wikidata_label: Egon VIII of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg

wikipedia_title: Egon VIII of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg


text:
Emperor Toba
Emperor Sutoku
Emperor Go-Shirakawa
Emperor Shirakawa
Taira no Tadamori
Taira no Kiyomori
Fujiwara clan
Fujiwara no Tadamichi
Fujiwara no Tadazane
Emperor Toba
chūgū
Emperor Sutoku
Princess Muneko
Kumano shrine
kampaku
Fujiwara no Tadazane
Fujiwara no Yasuko
kōgō
Fujiwara no Nariko
Emperor Konoe
Kojidan
Fujiwara no Yorinaga
Emperor Go-Shirakawa
Hōgen Rebellion
Emperor Sutoku
Saiin
Princess Muneko
Emperor Go-Shirakawa

categories: Fujiwara clan,1101 births,Japanese empresses,1145 deaths

paragraph: Fujiwara no Tamako

paragraph: , also known as , was an Empress consort of Emperor Toba of Japan, and mother of Emperor Sutoku and Emperor Go-Shirakawa. She was the eldest daughter of .

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Tamako's father died when she was seven years old, and she was raised by the retired Emperor Shirakawa and his favorite mistress (Gion no Nyogo was Taira no Tadamori's wife also Mother of Taira no Kiyomori). Once she grew up, she was almost engaged to the heir of the regent Fujiwara clan, Fujiwara no Tadamichi, but his father Fujiwara no Tadazane incurred Shirakawa's displeasure by declining the offer due to rumors about Tamako's behavior.

paragraph: In early 1118, with Shirakawa as her godfather, Tamako entered the court of her cousin Emperor Toba. Just a month later, she was invested as Empress Consort ("chūgū"). In mid-1119 she bore Toba's first child, Prince Akihito. In early 1123, Shirakawa had the five-year-old Prince Akihito ascend to the throne as Emperor Sutoku, and in 1124 Tamako was bestowed the title Taikenmon-in. Around this time Tamako also bore Princess Kishi, Prince Michihito, and Prince Kimihito, but these two princes were born handicapped. She bore Princess Muneko in 1126, and Prince Masahito less than a year later, in 1127. In 1129 she had her final child, Prince Motohito.

paragraph: Tamako bore Toba a total of seven children, and also accompanied him on a trip to the Kumano shrines, but this was all during the lifetime of Shirakawa. When the long-governing retired emperor died in 1129, her life took a turn for the worse. The retired Emperor Toba inherited Shirakawa's reign, commanding the courtiers and isolating the young Emperor Sutoku. He reinstated the kampaku Shirakawa had dismissed, Fujiwara no Tadazane, and married Tadazane's daughter Fujiwara no Yasuko to the young emperor, investing her as "kōgō". Furthermore, he transferred his affections from Tamako to another wife, Fujiwara no Nariko. In 1139, Toba appointed his three-month-old son with Nariko, Prince Narihito, as crown prince, and in 1141 pressed Sutoku to resign, letting Narihito take the throne as Emperor Konoe.

paragraph: While this was going on and Nariko was invested as Toba's "kōgō", a series of incidents occurred in which someone appeared to be trying to curse Nariko, and a rumor spread that it was Tamako pulling the strings. The "Kojidan" further states that an additional rumor spread that Sutoku was actually Shirakawa's son, though this rumor is not recorded elsewhere. In 1142, with her power evaporated, Tamako cut her hair and became a nun at , which she had had built herself. Three years later, on September 10, 1145, Tamako died at the estate of her eldest brother . According to the diary entry of Fujiwara no Yorinaga for that day, Toba came running to care for her, and on her deathbed wailed loudly while ringing a metal bell used in the reciting of sutras.

paragraph: In 1155, ten years after her death, Emperor Konoe died at the age of 17, and Tamako's son Prince Masahito was unexpectedly enthroned as Emperor Go-Shirakawa. The court split between supporters of Go-Shirakawa and supporters of Sutoku, culminating in the Hōgen Rebellion.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1119–1164 Imperial Prince Akihito (顕仁親王), later Emperor Sutoku

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1122–1133 Imperial Princess Kishi/Yoshiko (禧子内親王), Saiin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1124–1129 Imperial Prince Michihito (通仁親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1125–1143 Imperial Prince Kimihito (君仁親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1126–1189 Imperial Princess Muneko (統子内親王), later Jōsaimon-in (上西門院)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1127–1192 Imperial Prince Masahito (雅仁親王), later Emperor Go-Shirakawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1129–1169 Imperial Prince Motohito (本仁親王), later became a priest under the name Kakushō (覚性法親王)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/japan_heads.htm

wikidata_label: Fujiwara Akiko

wikipedia_title: Fujiwara no Tamako


text:
Emperor Toba
Emperor Konoe
chūnagon
Imakagami
Emperor Shirakawa
Emperor Toba
Emperor Konoe
Emperor Sutoku
Fujiwara no Tamako
Fujiwara no Kiyoko
kōtaigō
Murakami Genji
Fujiwara Hokke
Fujiwara no Shimeko
Fujiwara no Yorinaga
Fujiwara no Tashi
regent
Fujiwara no Tadamichi
Konoe Motozane
kōgō
chūgū
phantom pregnancy
Ninna-ji
Fujiwara no Michinori
Emperor Go-Shirakawa
nairan
Hōgen Rebellion
Taira no Kiyomori
Emperor Nijō
Heiji Rebellion
Mount Kōya
Emperor Konoe
Imperial Princess Yoshiko
Emperor Nijō

categories: Fujiwara clan,1117 births,Japanese empresses

paragraph: Fujiwara no Nariko

paragraph: , also known as , was an Empress consort of Emperor Toba of Japan and mother of Emperor Konoe. She was the daughter of the "chūnagon" and .

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early years.

paragraph: Born in 1117, Nariko grew up with her father Nagazane's doting affection. According to the "Imakagami", he commented that he could not bring himself to marry her to an ordinary person. Nariko's maternal uncle recorded in his diary that even when Nagazane was on his deathbed, he shed tears and said that he could not forget his dear girl for even a moment.

paragraph: Nagazane was favored in the court because his grandmother acted as wetnurse to the future Emperor Shirakawa, and during Shirakawa's cloistered rule, Nagazane served as his attendant. In 1134, after Nagazane's death, Nariko gained the affection of the retired Emperor Toba, and in late 1135 gave birth to . Early in 1136, she was conferred the . In 1137 she gave birth to , and in 1139 to a long-awaited son, Prince Narihito, the future Emperor Konoe. Three months later, Toba made Narihito crown prince and thus successor to Emperor Sutoku. Nariko was promoted to the position of , surpassing Toba's main wife Fujiwara no Tamako in influence. In 1140, she adopted Emperor Sutoku's first son .

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Mother to the Emperor.

paragraph: In late 1141, Toba pressed Sutoku to abdicate the throne and replaced him with his and Nariko's son Narihito, who took the throne as Emperor Konoe. As Narihito had been adopted by Sutoku's consort Fujiwara no Kiyoko, he should have had the official title of , but in the proclamation of his ascension he was instead recorded as , which marked him as the younger brother, rather than the son, of the emperor. The now-retired Emperor Sutoku could not open his own cloistered government with his younger brother on the throne, and so this was a major source of enmity for him. Meanwhile, Konoe's ascension brought now-empress dowager Nariko investiture as "kōtaigō". and were appointed as . Power began to concentrate around her as Toba's most favored retainers, including her cousin , her relatives in the Murakami Genji, and the courtiers of the Nakamikado-ryū of the Fujiwara Hokke gathered around her. In early 1142, Toba's other wife Fujiwara no Tamako was forced to become a nun for attempting to curse Nariko, and her political position solidified further. In 1149, Nariko was bestowed the title Bifukumon-in.

paragraph: In 1148, Nariko took in her cousin 's daughter Fujiwara no Shimeko as her adopted daughter. This came immediately after Toba consented to allow Fujiwara no Yorinaga's adopted daughter Fujiwara no Tashi to marry Emperor Konoe, and Nariko may have intended to marry Shimeko to Konoe from the first. When Konoe came of age in 1150, Tashi immediately entered his court, but Shimeko followed two months later. As Shimeko was also an adopted daughter of the regent Fujiwara no Tadamichi, Tadamichi reported to Toba that a woman not of the regent family could not become empress. Although Tadamichi was also Yorinaga's adoptive father, he had recently had his own son Konoe Motozane, and allied with Nariko in an effort to let his own biological descendants succeed him. Tashi became "kōgō", and Shimeko "chūgū".

paragraph: As Tashi was of the same family as Tamako, and Shimeko was her own adopted daughter, Nariko showed more of an affinity towards Shimeko and hoped that she would bear a child first. In 1152, Nariko directed the affixation of Shimeko's maternity belt, and when Shimeko went into confinement to give birth two months later, Nariko constructed five human-sized buddha statues and prayed for safe delivery. However, Shimeko did not give birth on schedule, and although monks prayed for her every day, it was clear that autumn that the pregnancy had failed. Three months later, Shimeko returned to the palace. In the end, her pregnancy may have been a phantom pregnancy, spurred on by the hopes and anticipation of those around her. The disappointed Nariko allied with Tadamichi, moving to produce a favorable outcome in the succession.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:After Emperor Konoe.

paragraph: In 1155, the physically weak Emperor Konoe died. Two of Nariko's adopted sons were now in the running as possible successors: Emperor Sutoku's first son Prince Shigehito and the Sutoku's younger brother Prince Masahito, Prince Morihito. As it had already been decided that the latter was to become a monk at Ninna-ji, it was assumed that Shigehito would become emperor. However, multiple players were opposed to this. Nariko was worried that a cloistered rule by Sutoku would constrain her power. Tadamichi was embroiled in a troublesome confrontation with his father Tadazane and brother Yorinaga, and resentful that Sutoku had shifted his affections from Tadamichi's daughter Kiyoko to . Fujiwara no Michinori was the husband of Prince Masahito's wetnurse and looking to expand his own power. Ultimately, the decision was made to install the 29-year-old Prince Masahito as emperor immediately as Emperor Go-Shirakawa, without making him crown prince, until Prince Morihito could take the throne. Shortly thereafter Morihito returned from Ninna-ji and received Nariko's complete support. He was made crown prince, came of age three months later, and married Nariko's daughter Princess Yoshiko. At the same time, there was a rumor that Emperor Konoe had died of a curse. Nariko and Tadamichi slandered Tadazane and Yorinaga to Toba, after which Yorinaga lost his position as "nairan" and his power in the court.

paragraph: Emperor Sutoku, dissatisfied at his line's removal from the succession, allied with Tadazane and Yorinaga, launching the Hōgen Rebellion immediately after Toba's death in 1156. Nariko had at this point already become a nun, but she showed strategic ability in the conflict. Toba had left Taira no Kiyomori and his brothers out of his will because Kiyomori's stepmother was Prince Shigehito's wetnurse, but by inviting them to help Go-Shirakawa's side in spite of this, Nariko helped him to win the war.

paragraph: After the rebellion, Fujiwara no Michinori took control of the political situation. Nariko had long wished for her adopted son Prince Morihito's enthronement, and after a conference between her and Michinori in 1158 Prince Morihito ascended to the throne as Emperor Nijō. Unfortunately, this development led to the formation and opposition of sides centering on Michinori, Nijō, and Go-Shirakawa, which ultimately erupted in the Heiji Rebellion.

paragraph: After this second rebellion, on December 22, 1160, Nariko died in her palace at the age of 44. According to her wishes, her remains were buried at Mount Kōya. At the time, women were not permitted to enter Mount Kōya, and so this caused something of a stir there.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1135–1148 Imperial Princess Eishi/Toshiko (叡子内親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1137–1211 Imperial Princess Akiko (暲子内親王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1139–1155 Imperial Prince Narihito (体仁親王), later Emperor Konoe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1141–1176 Imperial Princess Yoshiko/Shushi (姝子内親王), empress ("chūgū" to Emperor Nijō)

alias: Bifukumon-in Bifukumon'in

wikidata_label: Fujiwara no Nariko

wikipedia_title: Fujiwara no Nariko


text:
House of Commons
Sir Bernard Drake
Ash
Hart Hall, Oxford
Middle Temple
Justice of the Peace
High Sheriff of Devon
Virginia Company
New England Company
Member of Parliament
Devon
Lyme Regis

categories: 1556 births,Alumni of Hart Hall, Oxford,High Sheriffs of Devon,English MPs 1624–1625,English MPs 1625,1628 deaths,People from Devon,English MPs 1626,Members of the Middle Temple,English MPs 1614,English MPs 1621–1622

paragraph: John Drake (died 1628)

paragraph: John Drake (c.1556 – 11 April 1628) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1626.

paragraph: Drake was the eldest son of Sir Bernard Drake, of Ash and Mount Drake, Devon. He matriculated at Hart Hall, Oxford in 1573, aged 17 and studied law at the Middle Temple in 1578. He succeeded his father in 1586.

paragraph: He sat on the bench as Justice of the Peace for Devon by 1601 to his death and for Dorset from 1614 to his death. He was appointed High Sheriff of Devon for 1604–05 and deputy-lieutenant for Devon from 1614 to his death.

paragraph: He was a member of the Virginia Company from 1612 and the New England Company from 1620.

paragraph: In 1614, he was elected Member of Parliament for Devon. He was re-elected MP for Devon in 1621 and 1624. In 1625 he was elected MP for Lyme Regis. He was elected MP for Devon again in 1626.

paragraph: Drake died and was buried at Musbury the same day on 11 April 1628. He had married Dorothy, the daughter of William Button of Alton Priors, Wiltshire, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.

description: English politician, died 1628

wikidata_label: John Drake

wikipedia_title: John Drake (died 1628)


text: GCVO

text: British

text: Liberal

text: Member of Parliament

text: Edward Portman, 1st Viscount Portman

text: Lady Emma Lascelles

text: Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood

text: Shaftesbury

text: Dorset

text: House of Lords

text: 99-year lease

text: Norman Shaw

text: family seat

text: Bryanston

text: Dorset

text: Bryanston School

text: a house on such a scale

text: death duties

text: Viscount Milton

text: 5th Earl Fitzwilliam

text: 3rd Earl of Liverpool

text: "Feature in Dorset Life"

categories: Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,Whig (British political party) MPs,UK MPs 1880–1885,UK MPs 1859–1865,1919 deaths,UK MPs 1865–1868,1829 births,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1868–1874,UK MPs 1874–1880,UK MPs 1852–1857,Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order,UK MPs 1857–1859,Portman family

paragraph: Henry Portman, 2nd Viscount Portman

paragraph: William Henry Berkeley Portman, 2nd Viscount Portman, GCVO (12 July 1829 – 16 October 1919) was a British Liberal Member of Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Portman was the son of Edward Portman, 1st Viscount Portman and Lady Emma Lascelles, daughter of Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Portman was elected to Parliament for Shaftesbury in 1852, a seat he held until 1857, and then represented Dorset from 1857 to 1885. In 1888 he succeeded his father and entered the House of Lords.

paragraph: Section::::Estates.

paragraph: At the end of the nineteenth century the 99-year leases on the family properties in London came up for renewal, generating a colossal income for Lord Portman of some £100,000 a year. With this fortune he commissioned Norman Shaw to build a new mansion for him at the family seat in Bryanston, Dorset. Within 30 years, however, it had been sold to Bryanston School, which is still based there. This was because it rapidly became anachronistic and uneconomic even for an aristocratic family to occupy a house on such a scale, and the family was also crippled by death duties when the second Viscount's heir and his heir's heir died within ten years of him.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Portman married Hon. Mary Selina Charlotte FitzWilliam (d. 4 January 1899), daughter of William Charles FitzWilliam, Viscount Milton (18 January 1812 - 8 November 1835), son of the 5th Earl Fitzwilliam, and Lady Selina Charlotte Jenkinson, daughter of the 3rd Earl of Liverpool, on 21 June 1855. They had six sons and two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Edward William Berkeley Portman (30 July 1856 - 27 April 1911).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Walter George Berkeley Portman (2 June 1858 - 14 December 1865).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. Henry Berkeley Portman, 3rd Viscount Portman (16 February 1860 - 18 January 1923).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Emma Selina Portman (5 April 1863 - 1 March 1941).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. Claud Berkeley Portman, 4th Viscount Portman (1 November 1864 - 6 June 1929).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Susan Alice Portman (30 March 1866 - 21 August 1933).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. Seymour Berkeley Portman, 6th Viscount Portman (19 February 1868 - 2 November 1946).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. Gerald Berkeley Portman, 7th Viscount Portman (23 January 1875 - 3 September 1948).

paragraph: Two of his sons predeceased him and all four of the others succeeded to his title in the course of time, namely, Henry Berkeley Portman, 3rd Viscount Portman (died 1923), Claud Berkeley Portman, 4th Viscount Portman (died 1929), Seymour Berkeley Portman, 6th Viscount Portman (died 1946) and Gerald Berkeley Portman, 7th Viscount Portman (died 1948). Lord Portman's first wife died in 1899. In 1908 he married, secondly, shortly before his 79th birthday, Frances Maxwell Buchanan Cuninghame, by whom there were no further children. Lord Portman died in October 1919, aged 90, and was succeeded in his titles by his aforesaid eldest son, Henry Berkeley Portman.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feature in Dorset Life"

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Henry Portman, 2nd Viscount Portman

wikipedia_title: Henry Portman, 2nd Viscount Portman


text: Rome

text: Italian

text: Naples

text: judicial astrology

text: Catherine de' Medici

text: papacy

text: Leo X

text: Clement VII

text: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Henry VIII of England

text: Giovanni II Bentivoglio

text: Bologna

text: mancuerda

text: Julius II

text: Paul III

text: Rome

text: Papal Table Companion

text: Salerno

text: bishop of Civitate

text: Capitanata

text: Italy

text: Jesus'

text: crucifixion

text: Nostradamus

text: Henry II of France

text: Catherine de' Medici

text: joust

text: Peace Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis

text: Habsburg

text: Elizabeth of Valois

text: Philip II of Spain

text: Gabriel Montgomery

text: Scottish

text: Ambroise Paré

text: cadaver tomb

text: Saint Denis Basilica

text: Pierre Bayle

text: Martin Luther

text: Gregorian Calendar

text: grand conjunction

text: Jupiter

text: Saturn

text: Scorpio

text: Reformation

text: St Peter's Basilica

text: Bologna

text: astrolabe

text: astrology

text: Ferrara

text: Julius Caesar Scaliger

text: George of Trebizon's

text: Ptolemy's

text: Almagest

text: Nicholas V

text: Pelusium

text: lunar crater

text: Gauricus

text: Renaissance Astrology

categories: 16th-century astrologers,16th-century Italian writers,16th-century male writers,Italian astrologers,Astrological data collectors,1558 deaths,People from Naples,1475 births,Prophets,Medieval Italian astronomers

paragraph: Luca Gaurico

paragraph: Luca Gaurico (in Latin, Lucas Gauricus) (Giffoni March 12, 1475 – March 6, 1558 in Rome) was an Italian astrologer, astronomer, astrological data collector and mathematician. He was born to a poor family in the Kingdom of Naples, and studied judicial astrology, a subject he defended in his "Oratio de Inventoribus et Astrologiae Laudibus" (1508). Judicial astrology concerned the fate of man ("astrologia judiciaria"; mundane astrology) as influenced by the stars. His most famous work is the "Tractatus Astrologicus".

paragraph: Section::::Career as astrologer.

paragraph: Gaurico's reputation was such that he served as an "astrological consultant" to Catherine de' Medici. Gaurico had predicted the accession to the papacy of Catherine's great-uncle Giovanni de Medici (when he was 14 – who later became Leo X) and predicted Catherine’s uncle Giulio de Medici involvement in important political struggles and numerous descendants. Giulio de Medici later was to become Pope Clement VII, who involved with disputes with both Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Henry VIII of England.

paragraph: Giovanni II Bentivoglio, ruler of Bologna, consulted him about his destiny. Displeased with Gaurico’s prophecy, Bentivoglio subjected Gaurico to the torture of mancuerda, the effects of which he suffered for the rest of his life, and exiled the astrologer. When Bologna fell to Pope Julius II, Gaurico returned to general favor.

paragraph: Gaurico became famous after predicting the ascension of Alessandro Farnese, a prediction that came true with Farnese's ascension as Paul III. Gaurico foretold also the sickness and death of this Pontiff, who died on November 20, 1549, the day said to have been indicated by Gaurico. Paul III obviously did not wait for his death in order to verify Gaurico's prediction. Paul III, who encouraged astrologers to come to Rome and work under his protection, made Gaurico his unofficial astrologer, and he was made a Papal Table Companion, knighted, and appointed bishop of Giffoni (Salerno province), and thus described as "Episcopus Geophonensis", in 1539. Paul III made Gaurico bishop of Civitate (San Severo), in Capitanata, in southern Italy, in 1545. Four years after the death of Paul III, Gaurico abandoned these duties and settled in Rome.

paragraph: The "Tractatus Astrologicus" contained the natal charts of popes and cardinals, kings and nobles, scholars, musicians and artists. Gaurico systematically examined each natal chart, compared it to the life of the person in question, and in the case of living subjects, predicted the outcome of their lives and careers. Gaurico also attempted to calculate the exact date of Jesus' crucifixion, and the number of hours between it and the resurrection. Allegedly, both he and Nostradamus were responsible for predicting the death of Henry II of France in a tournament in 1559.

paragraph: Allegedly, Catherine de' Medici had wished to know Henry's destiny as the Apparent Heir of France. Allegedly, Gaurico replied that the Heir would exert his royal power, which would first marked by a duel, and finally by another duel that would put a stop to his reign and his life. Allegedly, he also explained in detail the kind of wound that would result in the death of Henry II during this duel.

paragraph: Allegedly, the danger of this duel was considered impossible because of the social condition of the Prince, and Gaurico was not believed. Allegedly, Gaurico insisted on his statements, printed in France in 1552, that is, seven years before the well-known joust in which Henry II would find his death. He is also said to have sent a letter to the King repeating with full details his prediction and advising him to avoid any single combat in closed field, especially around the time when he had reached 41 years of age, since a wound on his head, at this age, could produce his blindness or his death. Allegedly, the letter did not deter Henry.

paragraph: On July 1, 1559, during a match to celebrate the Peace Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis with his longtime enemies, the Habsburgs of Austria and to celebrate the marriage of his daughter Elizabeth of Valois to King Philip II of Spain, during the final joust, King Henry's eye was pierced by a sliver that penetrated the brain, from the shattered lance of Gabriel Montgomery, captain of the King's Scottish Guard. He suffered terribly, and, despite the efforts of royal surgeon Ambroise Paré, died on July 10, 1559 and was buried in a cadaver tomb in Saint Denis Basilica.

paragraph: In fact, the one known horoscope of Henri II by Gaurico is literally quoted in the "Dictionnaire" of Pierre Bayle. There is no question of a duel. Gaurico promises the best successes to Henri II and adds that he shall live up to the age of 69 year, 10 month and 12 days, provided that he passes the years 56, 63 and 64 of his age.

paragraph: In regard to the birth of Martin Luther, Gaurico found a connection between this date (November 10, 1483, according to the reckoning of the Gregorian Calendar) and a "grand conjunction," that is, a meeting of the planets Jupiter and Saturn. Grand conjunctions were meant to predict extensive changes in the secular and religious power structures. Because the “grand conjunction” of 1484 took place in the sign of Scorpio, an astrological sign that stood for radical, revolutionary events as well as for epidemics and widespread death, this indicated to Gaurico that dramatic changes would occur in all social spheres –such as would result from the Reformation.

paragraph: Gaurico has been identified by the historian Paola Zambelli as the author of an anonymous 1512 pamphlet that predicted a university deluge to take place in 1524 as a result of a conjunction of the superior planets in the watery sign of Pisces.

paragraph: Section::::Astrology and buildings.

paragraph: Gaurico was widely renowned as an astrologer, and his "Tractatus Astrologicus" (1552) also contained charts of the foundation of various buildings and cities. Pope Paul III thus used Gaurico to determine the most auspicious time at which the cornerstone of a new building in the neighborhood of St Peter's Basilica should be laid. It is said that Gaurico arrived at the scene in great pomp. An assistant, the astrologer Vincentius Campanatius of Bologna, was commanded to inspect the sky with an astrolabe and cry out in a loud voice the best time when the moment to lay the first marble slab arrived.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Gaurico ran a school of astrology at Ferrara. One of his pupils was Julius Caesar Scaliger. As a scholar, Gaurico edited George of Trebizon's translation of Ptolemy's "Almagest", a work Gaurico dedicated to Pope Nicholas V, who had commissioned the work. Gaurico theorized that Ptolemy was a native of Pelusium.

paragraph: The lunar crater Gauricus is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustav-Adolf Schoener, The Coming of a “Little Prophet”: Astrological Pamphlets and the Reformation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renaissance Astrology

paragraph: BULLET::::- Santiago Bovisio: HISTORY OF THE ESOTERIC ORDERS

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Luca Gaurico in .jpg and .tiff format.

description: Italian astronomer

wikidata_label: Luca Gaurico

wikipedia_title: Luca Gaurico


text: Japanese Superbike Championship

text: Ducati

text: Yamaha

text: Suzuka 8 Hours

text: Colin Edwards

text: World Superbike Championship

text: wild card

text: Sugo

text: Sentul

text: Indonesia

text: Honda

text: 1998 500cc Japanese Grand Prix

text: Suzuka

text: following season

text: Yamaha YZF-R7

text: Akira Yanagawa

text: Ephedrine

text: Ma Huang

text: Brands Hatch

text: Great Britain

text: 500cc World Championship

text: 2001 season

text: Red Bull

text: Yamaha

text: WCM

text: Yamaha YZR500

text: Aprilia

text: Aprilia RSV 1000

text: following season

text: Aprilia RS Cube

text: Ducati

text: Superpole

text: Troy Bayliss

text: Brno

text: Michel Fabrizio

text: Lausitzring

text: Yukio Kagayama

text: Suzuki

text: James Toseland

text: Honda

text: Troy Corser

text: riders championship

text: Magny-Cours

text: Valencia

text: Monza

text: Magny-Cours

text: Xerox Ducati's

text: Ducati Xerox Team

text: Phillip Island

text: high-side

text: Donington Park

text: Ben Spies

text: Haga's points lead to 14

text: BSB

text: Tommy Hill

text: Brands Hatch

text: Cadwell Park

text: Kawasaki ZX-10R

text: World Superbike Championship

text: Yamaha

text: PlayStation 2

text: Aprilia

text: Ducati

text: World Championship

text: Yamaha Racing Team

text: Red Bull

text: WCM

text: Alice

text: Aprilia Racing

text: Suzuka 8 Hours

text: Yamaha

text: Colin Edwards

text: Japanese Superbike Championship

text: British Superbike Championship

text: Swan Yamaha

text: Team Kagayama Suzuki ASIA

text: Suzuki GSX-R600

text: Noriyuki Haga at worldsbk.com

text: Noriyuki Haga at motogp.com

categories: MotoGP World Championship riders,Superbike World Championship riders,1975 births,500cc World Championship riders,Doping cases in motorcycle racing,Japanese motorcycle racers,Sportspeople from Nagoya,Living people

paragraph: Noriyuki Haga

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early days.

paragraph: Haga started his racing career by competing in the Japanese Superbike Championship in 1993, riding a Ducati bike. He then moved to Yamaha in 1995, and won the championship with Yamaha in 1997. During his stint with Yamaha in Japanese Superbike, Haga was chosen to represent Yamaha in the 1996 Suzuka 8 Hours endurance race. He teamed up with Yamaha's World Superbike rider Colin Edwards and won the race.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:World Superbike.

paragraph: Before Haga began racing full-time in the World Superbike Championship in 1998, he had already been racing occasionally in WSBK since 1994. In , Haga received a wild card entry to race in the Japanese round of WSBK at Sugo. He surprisingly finished second in Race 1, collecting his first podium in WSBK at his first attempt. However, he failed to finish in Race 2. In , while still racing in his home championship, he was given another chance to race in WSBK. He was chosen to replace the injured Colin Edwards for the last two races of the season in Sugo, Japan, and Sentul, Indonesia. He performed well in both rounds, collecting his first win in WSBK along with 2 more podiums.

paragraph: In , Haga began racing WSBK full-time. He also adopted the number 41 that he has used ever since. Haga joined Yamaha's Superbike team, replacing Colin Edwards who moved to Honda. He started the season brilliantly by winning 3 of the first 4 races. Unfortunately, his performance declined and he dropped out of championship contention. He won another two races in the season and finished 6th in the championship standing. During the year, Haga also received a wild-card entry to the 1998 500cc Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka. Haga scored an unexpected third place podium in his 500cc debut. This was his only podium in his brief 500cc/MotoGP career.

paragraph: The following season, Haga finished 7th in the championship. He only managed 1 race win and 1 third-place finish on the new Yamaha YZF-R7. As a result, another Japanese rider, Akira Yanagawa finished 5th, above Haga. This marks the only time Haga was not the highest placed Japanese Rider in every season in which he competed in WSBK.

paragraph: Haga improved his performance to challenge for the title in . However, his season was disrupted when he was tested positive for a banned substance. Haga was tested positive for the substance Ephedrine after the race in South Africa, though it was later learned that Ephedrine occurs naturally in the herbs used in the Ma Huang supplement that he'd taken during the off-season. He initially received a one-month ban beginning on June 5 and had his points from both South African races deducted. However, after a series of appeals the points from Race 1 in South Africa were reinstated and the ban was delayed and reduced to a 2-week ban, resulting in Haga missing the final round at Brands Hatch, Great Britain. With Haga losing 25 points and sitting out a 2-race weekend, Colin Edwards comfortably won the 2000 championship.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Brief stint in 500cc/MotoGP.

paragraph: After an eventful year, Haga left WSBK and joined the 500cc World Championship for the 2001 season. Haga initially did not want to join the 500cc Championship as he wanted another chance to challenge for the WSBK crown. However, Yamaha had already announced that they were withdrawing from WSBK and focusing on the challenge to win the 500cc Championship. Haga joined the factory-backed Red Bull Yamaha WCM team, riding the Yamaha YZR500. Haga failed to adapt to the new bike and had a disappointing season, without a single podium. He finished fourteenth in the championship.

paragraph: He returned to WSBK in in a one-bike Aprilia team, on an Aprilia RSV 1000. He had several podium finishes but no wins. He finished 4th in the overall standing, before moving back to MotoGP in the following season. He was joined by his former teammate Colin Edwards to spearhead Aprilia's MotoGP campaign, riding the newly developed Aprilia RS Cube. Both Haga and Edwards endured another disappointing season with the RS Cube performing poorly. Haga once again finished fourteenth in the championship without a podium.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Return to World Superbike.

paragraph: After another failed attempt in MotoGP, Haga returned to WSBK in . He joined the Renegade Ducati Koji team and was in contention for the championship until the final round, despite several mechanical failures.

paragraph: For Haga joined Yamaha Motor Italia, Yamaha's factory supported team. He finished third in the championship and became the first rider to win a dry weather race having failed to lap fast enough to qualify for 'Superpole'.

paragraph: In , he was again Yamaha's leading man. After 7 rounds he was 2nd in the championship to Troy Bayliss, without having won a race. At round 7 in Brno he took pole, but finished third and fourth in the two races, having been passed by Michel Fabrizio on the last lap of both. At round 8 in the UK, he took his first win of the year. At Round 9 at Lausitzring in Germany Nori picked up two second places after battling for the win in both races. The first race was won by his good friend Yukio Kagayama of Alstare Corona Suzuki and the second by Britain's James Toseland of Winston Ten Kate Honda, who had been his main rival for 2nd place in the championship. For the third season in a row, Haga came third.

paragraph: Troy Corser joined the Yamaha team for , and together they brought Yamaha the manufacturer's championship. Haga finished 2nd in the riders championship, 2 points behind Toseland - a double win in the final round at Magny-Cours being just not enough.

paragraph: He continued to ride for Yamaha in . Haga won seven races during the season, with wins at Valencia, Monza, and Magny-Cours, as well as doubles at the Nurburgring and Vallelunga. However, this was only good enough for 3rd in the final standings behind (the winless) Corser and Xerox Ducati's title winner, Troy Bayliss.

paragraph: In , he joined the factory-backed Ducati Xerox Team to replace the retiring Bayliss, winning his first race at Phillip Island, and taking an early championship lead. However, a severe high-side crash during Race 2 in Round 9 at Donington Park put his pursuit of the 2009 championship in doubt. With Haga out of race 2, Ben Spies took victory and reduced Haga's points lead to 14. In the Superbike World Championship Noriyuki Haga joined the PATA RACING TEAM APRILIA (Satellite Team) as a solo rider on the Aprillia RSV4 Factory bike.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:British Superbikes.

paragraph: Haga signed with the Swan Yamaha British Superbike Team for the 2012 season alongside reigning 2011 BSB champion Tommy Hill. Haga marked his BSB debut at the first race of Round 1 at Brands Hatch with a 13th-place finish (Race 2 was cancelled due to extreme track conditions caused by pouring rain). In Round 8 at Cadwell Park, Haga broke his collarbone in a big high-side during free practice and was ruled out for the weekend. After suffering with nagging injuries for most of the season, Haga eventually finished 8th overall. On 16 September 2013, it was announced that Haga would be returning to BSB with Paul Bird Motorsport riding a Kawasaki ZX-10R for the final 3 rounds of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Career summary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Superbike career

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: 22nd in World Superbike Championship with Yamaha (2 race as wild-card, 1 podium)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: 13th in World Superbike Championship with Yamaha (4 race as replacement rider, 1 win, 3 podiums, 72 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: 6th in World Superbike Championship with Yamaha WSBK Team (5 wins, 7 podiums, 258 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: 7th in World Superbike Championship with Yamaha WSBK Team (1 win, 2 podiums, 196 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: 2nd in World Superbike Championship with Yamaha WSBK Team (4 wins, 11 podiums, 334 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: 4th in World Superbike Championship with PlayStation 2-FGF Aprilia (7 podiums, 278 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: 3rd in World Superbike Championship with Renegade Ducati Koji (6 wins, 9 podiums, 299 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: 3rd in World Superbike Championship with Yamaha Motor Italia WSB (2 wins, 10 podiums, 271 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: 3rd in World Superbike Championship with Yamaha Motor Italia WSB (1 win, 11 podiums, 326 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: 2nd in World Superbike Championship with Yamaha Motor Italia WSB (6 wins, 15 podiums, 413 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: 3rd in World Superbike Championship with Yamaha Motor Italia WSB (7 wins, 11 podiums, 327 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: 2nd in World Superbike Championship with Ducati Xerox Team (8 wins, 19 podiums, 456 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: 6th in World Superbike Championship with Ducati Xerox Team (2 wins, 6 podiums, 258 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: 8th in World Superbike Championship with Pata Aprilia Team (0 wins, 4 podiums, 176 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 500cc/MotoGP career

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: 20th in 500cc World Championship with Yamaha Racing Team (1 race as wild-card, 1 podium, 16 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: 14th in 500cc World Championship with Red Bull Yamaha WCM (15 race, 59 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: 14th in MotoGP World Championship with Alice Aprilia Racing (16 race, 47 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Others

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: Won Suzuka 8 Hours endurance race with Yamaha (with Colin Edwards)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: Won Japanese Superbike Championship with Yamaha

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: 8th in British Superbike Championship with Swan Yamaha (0 wins, 1 podium, 160 points)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: 7th in Asia Road Race SS600 Championship with Team Kagayama Suzuki ASIA Suzuki GSX-R600

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NKI41.com – Noriyuki Haga Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Noriyuki Haga at worldsbk.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Noriyuki Haga at motogp.com

description: Japanese motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Noriyuki Haga

wikipedia_title: Noriyuki Haga


text: Arabic

text: ALA-LC

text: Kindite

text: Arabic poetry

text: qaṣīda

text: Arabic

text: Mu'allaqat

text: Kindah

text: Taghlib

text: Persia

text: Byzantine

text: Jahili

text: South Arabia

text: Najd

text: Yemen

text: Kavadh I

text: Mazdak

text: Hirah

text: Khosrau I

text: Axum

text: Ethiopia

text: Kindah

text: Taghlib

text: Levant

text: Constantinople

text: Justinian I

text: Ghassanid

text: Al-Harith ibn Jabalah

text: Axumite Empire

text: Kindah

text: Constantinople

text: Ankara

text: Anatolia

text: Zuhayr bin Janab al-Kalbi

text: pagan

text: Jesuit

text: Christian

text: Gindibu

text: Kingdom of Judah

text: Battle of Qarqar

text: Hanif

text: Mazdakism

text: Ibn Sallam al-Jumahi

text: Arabic

text: Kindah

text: Islam

text: Arabic

text: Arabic

text: Arabic literature

text: “A Note on the Poet: Imru’ al-Qais”

text: almoallaqat.com

text: fluentarabic.net

text: Wilhelm Ahlwardt

text: London

text: William McGuckin de Slane

text: Paris

text: Friedrich Rückert

text: Stuttgart

text: Kitab al-Aghani

categories: 6th-century poets,Arab poets,Pre-Islamic Arabian poets

paragraph: Imru' al-Qais

paragraph: Imru’ al-Qais bin Hujr al-Kindi (Arabic: امْرُؤُ الْقَيْسِ ابْنُ حُجْرٍ الْكِنْدِيِّ / ALA-LC: "Imru’u l-Qaysi bnu Ḥujri l-Kindī") was an Arabic poet in the 6th century AD, and also the son of one of the last Kindite kings. He is sometimes considered the father of Arabic poetry. His qaṣīda, or long poem, "Let us stop and weep" (Arabic: قفا نبك "qifā nabki") is one of the seven Mu'allaqat, poems prized as the best examples of pre-Islamic Arabian verse. Imru' al-Qais was born in the Najd region of northern Arabia sometime in the early 6th century AD. His father was said to be Hujr bin al-Harith (حجر ابن الحارث / "Ḥujr ibn al-Ḥārith"), the Kindah monarchy's regent over the tribes of Asad and Ghatfan, and it is believed that Imru' al-Qais was born in the territory of Asad. His mother was said to be Fatimah bint Rabi'ah al-Taghlibi (فاطمة بنت ربيعة التغلبي / "Fāṭimah bint Rabī‘ah al-Taghlibī").

paragraph: Legend has it that Imru' al-Qais was the youngest of his father's sons, and began composing poetry while he was still a child. His father strongly disapproved of this habit in his son, believing poetry to be an unseemly pastime for the son of a king. His father also disapproved of Imru' al-Qais' scandalous lifestyle of drinking and chasing women, and eventually banished him from his kingdom, or so the legend goes. But later, when the tribe of Asad rebelled and assassinated his father, Imru' al-Qais was the only one of his brothers to take responsibility for avenging his death. Renouncing wine and women, he fought the tribe of Asad until he had exacted revenge in blood, and spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his father's kingdom.

paragraph: Like many figures of early Arabia, which at that time lacked a formal writing system and relied on the oral transmission of stories, the details of the life of Imru' al-Qais are hard to determine with any certainty. Even so, historians have been able to compare the various stories written down by later biographers with clues from Imru' al-Qais' own poems and information about major historical events in the Persian and Byzantine empires to reconstruct a probable account of the life and ancestry of this most famous of the Jahili poets.

paragraph: According to one account, his full name and ancestry was Imru' al-Qais, son of Hujr, son of al-Harith, son of 'Amr, son of Hujr the eater of bitter herbs, son of Mu'awiyya, son of Thawr of the tribe of Kindah (Arabic: إمرؤ القيس ابن حجر ابن الحارث ابن عمرو ابن حجر اكل المرار ابن معاوية ابن ثور الكندي). He was also referred to as "The Lost King" (الملك الضليل / "al-Malik aḍ-Ḍalīl"), because he was never able to recover his father's throne.

paragraph: Section::::The name.

paragraph: The name Imru' al-Qais (in classical Arabic nominative "Imru'u l-Qays(i)" or "Imra'a l-Qays(i)", accusative "Imra'a l-Qays(i)", genitive "Imri'i l-Qays(i)") means "man of Qais", (al-)Qais being the name of a pre-Islamic deity. According to the "Arabic-English Lexicon" of Edward W. Lane (1863), the name is normally pronounced "Imra-el-Ḳeys" or "Imr-el-Ḳeys" in modern Arabic.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.

paragraph: The tribe of Kindah had its origins in the South Arabia of and migrated north to Najd sometime in the 4th or 5th century AD. Sometime in the 5th century they asked the king of Yemen to select them a king, and Hujr Akil al-Murar ("eater of bitter herbs") became the first Kindite king. He was succeeded by his son 'Amr, who was succeeded by his son al-Harith, who was the greatest of all the Kindite kings. One of al-Harith's sons was Hujr, and he made him regent over the tribes of Asad and Ghatfan, and Hujr was the father of Imru' al-Qais."

paragraph: Of al-Harith, it is told that when the Persian emperor Kavadh I adopted the teachings of the religious revolutionary Mazdak, al-Harith converted to Mazdakism with him. This caused Kavadh to make al-Harith king of the Hirah, a region in the south of modern-day Iraq, and expel his previous Arab vassal al-Mundhir. Kavadh's son Khosrau I rejected Mazdakism and rebuked al-Harith, restoring al-Mundhir to the throne of the Hirah. It is not known for sure how al-Harith died, but some reports indicate he was captured by al-Mundhir as he fled al-Hirah, and then killed along with two of his sons and more than forty of his kinsmen. Imru' al-Qais mourns this tragedy in one of the poems attributed to him:

paragraph: In 525 AD Yemen was occupied by the Negus (Emperor) of Axum (modern-day Ethiopia). With their sponsor destroyed, the Kindah monarchy quickly fell apart. It is probably during this period that the tribe of Asad rebelled and killed Imru' al-Qais' father, Hujr.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Historians are divided as to the year of Imru' al-Qais' birth, but one estimate is that he was born sometime around 526 AD. He was said to be the youngest of the sons of Hujr, king over the tribes of Asad and Ghutfan. Some historians have pointed out that his father had other wives and concubines than his mother, in accordance with the custom of kings at this time, and it is possible that he received little fatherly attention. He began composing poetry from an early age, an activity that his father strongly disapproved of because it was not considered appropriate for the son of a king. Al-Tahir Ahmad Makki comments that "among the northern tribes, likewise, each tribe had its chief and its poet, and the two were hardly ever the same."

paragraph: Another source of friction with his father was Imru' al-Qais' excessive dedication to lewd drinking parties and his scandalous pursuit of women. One story says that, concerned with his son's lack of responsibility, Hujr tried putting Imru' al-Qais in charge of the family's camel herds, an experiment which ended in disaster. Another story says that Hujr finally disowned his son after Imru' al-Qais publicly courted his cousin 'Unayzah, and after failing to win her hand in marriage, managed to enjoy her affections in secret, which caused a considerable scandal in the family. Yet other stories say that Imru' al-Qais may have written some lewd verses about his father's wives or concubines, and that this was the cause of their falling out. Whatever the reason, most of the stories agree that Hujr became exasperated with his son's behavior and expelled him from his kingdom. In his exile Imru' al-Qais wandered with his group of rebellious friends from oasis to oasis, stopping to drink wine, and recite poetry, and enjoy the performance of the singing-girls, sometimes tarrying for days before packing up to wander again.

paragraph: Imru' al-Qais' adventures with women also formed an important part of his early life, consisting according to some records of dozens of marriages, divorces and affairs, all ending badly for one reason or another. Imru' al-Qais' lovers feature large in his poetry, as he praises their graces, lambasts their cruelty, and laments their absence and the longing in his heart.

paragraph: Section::::The death of his father.

paragraph: Some stories tell that Imru' al-Qais was in his father's army fighting the tribe of Asad when his father was slain, but this is not agreed by all the biographers. The most popular story comes to us from ibn al-Kalbi (d. 826 AD). Ibn al-Kalbi holds that Imru' al-Qais was still in exile at the time of his father's death, and that the news reached him while he was in the midst of a party with his friends. Upon hearing the news, he said "May God be merciful to my father. He let me stray when I was small, and now that I am grown he has burdened me with his blood. There will be no alertness today, and no drunkenness tomorrow," followed by perhaps his most famous quote: "Today is for drink, and tomorrow for serious matters."

paragraph: It is told that of all his father's sons, Imru' al-Qais was the only one to take responsibility for avenging his father. One story tells that the tribe of Asad sent him an emissary and offered him three options—either that he kill one of their nobles to equal the death of his father, or that he accept a payment of thousands of sheep and camels, or that he make war on them, in which case they asked for one month to make ready. Imru' al-Qais chose the third option. The tribes of Bakr and Taghlib agreed to support him and fought with him against Asad, killing many Asad tribesmen. Bakr and Taghlib withdrew their support once they judged that enough of Asad had been killed to satisfy the requirements of revenge.

paragraph: Section::::Exile and death.

paragraph: After exacting his revenge upon the tribe of Asad and losing the support of Bakr and Taghlib, Imru' al-Qais travelled all over the Arabian peninsula and the Levant, taking refuge with different tribes, running from his enemies and seeking support to regain his father's kingship. His last journey was to Constantinople, to seek support from Emperor Justinian I. The Ghassanid prince Al-Harith ibn Jabalah, Justinian's north Arabian vassal, sponsored Imru' al-Qais in his appeal, and most accounts indicate that he won some promise of support from the Byzantine emperor, and perhaps even a contingent of troops. Some reports indicate that Justinian pressed the Negus of Axum to support Imru' al-Qais' bid, but that he refused due to the ongoing feud between the Axumite Empire and the tribe of Kindah.

paragraph: After leaving Constantinople, Imru' al-Qais travelled until he fell ill near the city of Ankara in modern-day Turkey. He remained there until he died. There is a story which says that Emperor Justinian became angry with Imru' al-Qais after he left, and sent a messenger with a poisoned jacket, and that Imru' al-Qais wore the jacket and the poison killed him. This story says that Justinian was angry because he discovered that Imru' al-Qais had an affair with a woman in his court.

paragraph: However, most historians downplay the likelihood of this account, in favor of the story that Imru' al-Qais actually died from a chronic skin disease, a disease which he mentioned in one of his poems.

paragraph: The best estimates of the years of Imru' al-Qais' embassy to Justinian and death in Anatolia are from 561 to 565 AD. It has been said that after the death of Imru' al-Qais the Greeks made a statue of him on his tomb that was still seen in 1262 AD, and that his tomb is nowadays located in Hızırlık, Ankara.

paragraph: Section::::Poetic influences.

paragraph: Makki summarizes the accounts of the biographers in identifying three older poets who Imru' al-Qais could have met and learned from. The first was Zuhayr bin Janab al-Kalbi, a well-known poet who was a friend and drinking companion of his father. It is also possible that Imru' al-Qais learned from Abu Du'ah al-Iyadi, and some accounts say that the young Imru' al-Qais was his reciter (a poet's disciple who would memorize all of his poems). A third possible poetic influence was a 'Amr bin Qami'ah who was a member of his father's retinue, and was said to have later joined Imru' al-Qais' retinue and accompanied him until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Religion.

paragraph: Most historians in the centuries since Imru' al-Qais' death have been content with the assumption that, as an Arab before the advent of Islam, he was pagan. More recently some researchers have called this view into question, most notably Louis Shaykho (c. 1898), a Jesuit missionary, who insisted that Imru' al-Qais was a Christian. The evidence that Shaykho cites to support his claim consists mostly of a handful of references to Christian practices and symbols in Imru' al-Qais' poems, as well as a few instances of the Arabic word for (the one) God (Allah). Other historians have said that references to Christianity can be explained by the presence of monasteries and missionaries along the northern frontier of the Arabian peninsula, and the fact that many Arabs would have been impressed by these scenes without necessarily converting themselves. It can be explained by the fact that Arabs have been close to Jewish tribes since ancient times, too (Gindibu helped the Kingdom of Judah during the Battle of Qarqar) because of their ethnic similarity and geographic proximity. Others have pointed out that the word "Allah" was in use by the pagan Arabs long before the advent of Islam, and merely referred to the high God (above all the many others).

paragraph: Imru' al-Qais may have been a Hanif. Makki reports that some historians have suggested Imru' al-Qais could have been influenced by the purported Mazdakism of his grandfather, but also states that, in his opinion, there is little direct evidence to support this.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural impact.

paragraph: To this day Imru' al-Qays remains the best-known of the pre-Islamic poets and has been a source of literary and national inspiration for Arabic intellectuals all the way into the 21st century. In his entry in the "Dictionary of Literary Biography", Al-Tahir Ahmad Makki says this about Imru' al-Qais:

paragraph: Ibn Sallam al-Jumahi (d. 846 AD) said of Imru' al-Qais in his "Generations of the Stallion Poets" (Arabic: طبقات فحول الشعراء):

paragraph: Some historians have emphasized the historical significance of the Kindah monarchy as the first attempt to unite the central Arabian tribes before the success of Islam, and Imru' al-Qais' tragic place as one of the last Kindite princes. Others have focused on his colourful and violent life, putting it forward as an example of the immorality and brutality which existed in pre-Islamic Arabia.

paragraph: Iraqi writer Madhhar al-Samarra'i (Arabic: مظهر السامرائي) in his 1993 book "Imru' al-Qais: Poet and Lover" (Arabic: إمرؤ القيس الشاعر العاشق), calls Imru' al-Qais the "poet of freedom":

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arabic literature

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “A Note on the Poet: Imru’ al-Qais” [Arabic: نبذة على الشاعر :: إمرؤ القيس]. almoallaqat.com. Web.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Makki, al-Tahir Ahmad. "Imru' al-Qays." Dictionary of Literary Biography. Ed. Cooperson, Michael and Toorawa, Shawkat. Vol. 311. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2005. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- al-Samarra’i, Mazhar. Imru’ al-Qais: Poet and Lover [Arabic: إمرؤ القيس الشاعر العاشق]. Amman, Jordan: Dar al-Ibda’, 1993. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Imru al Qais - Excerpts from Kitab al-Aghani of Abu al-Faraj al-Asfahani” Fluent Arabic Blog. fluentarabic.net. Web.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelm Ahlwardt's "The Divans of the six ancient Arabic Poets" (London, 1870)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William McGuckin de Slane's "Le Diwan d'Amro'lkats" (Paris, 1837)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Rückert's "Amrilkais der Dichter und König" (Stuttgart, 1843)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kitab al-Aghani, vol. viii. pp. 62–77

alias:
The Wounded Man
Amriolkais

description: Arabic Poet

wikidata_label: Imru' al-Qais

wikipedia_title: Imru' al-Qais


text:
Flensburg
Mary Wigman School
Alice Uhlen
Ruth Abramovitz
Nazism
Miriam Winslow
Martha Graham
Jose Limon
Hanya Holm
Agnes De Mille
Teatro Presidente Alvear
Teatro San Martín
Teatro Blanca Podestá
Teatro Astral
Oscar Aráiz
Ana María Stekelman
Konex Award
Buenos Aires

categories: People from Flensburg,1998 deaths,1921 births

paragraph: Renate Schottelius

paragraph: Renate Schottelius (8 December 1921 – 27 September 1998) was a German dancer and choreographer known for her work in Argentina and the USA.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Schottelius was born in Flensburg. Her parents moved so that she could be trained in ballet at the Berlin Opera. and at the Mary Wigman School where she worked under Alice Uhlen and Ruth Abramovitz. She had to leave in 1936 because of Nazism. Her father, Professor , and mother chose to move to Columbia but Schottelius chose Argentina where her uncle lived. She was just 14 when she arrived and she had to take work so that she could continue to study at the National Ballet School in Buenos Aires.

paragraph: She perfected with Miriam Winslow dancing between 1942-47. Winslow was an important colleague. Together they toured Argentina with 18 dancers, two pianists and a drummer.

paragraph: In 1953 she traveled to the United States where she studied with Martha Graham, Jose Limon, Hanya Holm, Agnes De Mille and other choreographers. She taught at the Boston Conservatory in the early 1970’s.

paragraph: Schottelius' choreographies were presented at the Teatro Presidente Alvear, Teatro San Martín, Teatro Blanca Podestá and the Teatro Astral.

paragraph: She returned to Germany to visit in 1958 and lectured in Boston.

paragraph: Among her most outstanding disciples, the Argentine choreographer Oscar Aráiz and Ana María Stekelman.

paragraph: In 1989 she received the Konex Award - Merit Diploma as one of the best choreographers in Argentine history.

paragraph: Schottelius died in 1998 in Buenos Aires.

description: German Argentinian dancer

wikidata_label: Renate Schottelius

wikipedia_title: Renate Schottelius


text:
jazz pianist
Deer Head Inn
Celebration of the Arts
Pocono Mountains
Trenton, New Jersey
Ewing High School
Mannes College of Music
Symphony Sid
YMCA
improvise
Jack Welgund
LP
Wendell Marshall
Kenny Clarke
Rudy Van Gelder
Savoy Records
Steve Allen
Mike Douglas
Merv Griffin
Charlie Ventura
Birdland
Small's Paradise
Blue Note
Brass Rail
The Flame
Barry Miles
Eddie Gomez
Ron Carter
Woody Shaw
Harry Leahey
Al Cohn
Zoot Sims
Kal Winding
Urbie Green
Pepper Adams
Rutgers University
Shawnee Press
arranger
editor
Henderson's Club 50
Coleman Hawkins
Clark Terry
Doc Severinsen
Phil Woods
Marvin Stamm
Bill Watrous
Mountain Lake, New Jersey
Keith Jarrett
Amazing Grace
Northampton Community College
Paul Langosch
Blues Alley
homeless
suicide
Coney Island
vibraphone
clarinet
Pacific St Records Website

categories: Musicians from Trenton, New Jersey,American jazz pianists,1938 births,2017 deaths,People from Ewing Township, New Jersey,American male pianists

paragraph: John Coates Jr.

paragraph: John Francis Coates Jr. (February 17, 1938 – November 22, 2017) was an American jazz pianist, composer and arranger. He regularly performed at the Deer Head Inn and the Celebration of the Arts in the Pocono Mountains for over 50 years.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Coates was born in Trenton, New Jersey and attended Ewing High School. His father was a full-time performing musician and a bandleader, and his mother was a dancer and actress. He began his formal study every Thursday travelling from Trenton to New York City at age 8 with Urana Clarke at the Mannes College of Music on full scholarship. Early influences were credited to listening to Symphony Sid on his AM radio. On Wednesdays, from age 11 to 14, John would play clarinet with his father at the Trenton YMCA dance hall night, where he learned to improvise. His father began teaching him jazz piano around age 12. Another of his father's students, Jack Welgund, influenced Coates and talked him into joining the Trenton musicians union at age 12. By age 14 he was playing gigs 2 nights a week as well as weekends. At age 16 was asked to play 6 nights a week during the summer at the Deer Head Inn, where he lived and ate dinner with the proprietors, Bob and Fey Lehr. It was that summer at the Deer Head where Savoy Records discovered him.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: He recorded his first LP, "Portrait", with bassist Wendell Marshall and drummer Kenny Clarke and produced by Rudy Van Gelder, for Savoy Records during his senior year of high school. He performed on the Steve Allen, Mike Douglas, and Merv Griffin TV shows in support of that album. From 1956 to 1958 he toured with Charlie Ventura playing clubs like Birdland, Small's Paradise, the Blue Note, the Brass Rail, and The Flame among others. After Ventura and while in college John played with Barry Miles, Eddie Gomez, Ron Carter, Woody Shaw, Harry Leahey, Al Cohn, Zoot Sims, Kal Winding, Urbie Green, and Pepper Adams.

paragraph: He attended Rutgers University and graduated with a degree in romance languages in 1962. After graduating from Rutgers in 1962, John returned to the Deer Head where he played 6 nights a week, four alone and two as bandleader. Around this time that he took a position with Shawnee Press as an arranger and editor. He began to rotate summers at the Deer Head and winters at Henderson's Club 50, where he also had a 6 night per week gig. At Henderson's he played with Coleman Hawkins, Clark Terry, Doc Severinsen, Phil Woods, Marvin Stamm and Bill Watrous among others. In 1966 John moved to Mountain Lake, New Jersey and began a full time 9 to 5 job with Shawnee Press editing during the day, arranging on his own time on a royalty basis, while also playing at the Deer Head year round where he became an early inspiration for Keith Jarrett, who would listen and sit in occasionally. He ceased working full-time with Shawnee in 1977, but continued doing occasional arrangement and composition work (including choral works) for the press. His arrangement for "Amazing Grace" has sold more the 750,000 copies and remains one of the publishing company's best sellers.

paragraph: From 1974 John recorded nine albums for the record label Omnisound. He recorded multiple live albums for them at Northampton Community College, the Deer Head, and even Japan. Following those records he toured briefly with bassist Paul Langosch. Starting in 1993 John began recording for Pacific St Records, including two album with Phil Woods. John promoted these albums at several venues including Blues Alley in Washington DC. Later in the 1990s, Coates became homeless and attempted suicide, then moved to Coney Island and began playing again around the year 2000. He married Lisa Haines in 1961; the couple divorced in 1963, but remarried in 2012. Coates's second marriage to Haines was his fourth overall.

paragraph: Coates performed primarily as a pianist, but also occasionally played vibraphone and clarinet.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pacific St Records Website

alias:
John Francis Coates Jr.
John Coates Jr

wikidata_label: John Coates Jr.

wikipedia_title: John Coates Jr.