text:
anchorite
Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla
Spanish
La Rioja
commemorated
Villavelayo
Taifa
Zaragoza
Moors
Scripture
martyr
monk
vita
Saint Agatha
Saint Eulalia
Saint Cecilia
asceticism
prior
Dominic
Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos
altar
consecrated
cell
contemplative
vestment
host
Mass
parish church
patron saint
confraternity
Gonzalo de Berceo
Spanish language
Aurea at "Catholic Online"
Aurea at "Patron Saints Index"
St. Aurea Hagiography

categories: Spanish hermits,Spanish Roman Catholic saints,11th-century people from the Kingdom of Pamplona,11th-century Christian saints,1043 births,Female saints of medieval Spain,Medieval Spanish saints,1070 deaths

paragraph: Áurea of San Millán

paragraph: Saint Aurea or Oria (from the ) (1043-1070), was a Spanish anchorite saint attached to the Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, in the Spanish Province of La Rioja (Europe). She is commemorated on 11 March.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Aurea was born in 1043 in the village of Villavelayo, then part of the Taifa of Zaragoza, a region controlled by the Moors. According to tradition, her mother was St. Amunia. As a child, she studied the Scriptures and the lives of the early martyrs of the Church under the guidance of a monk named Munio, who would later write her "vita". Her favorite saints to meditate upon and to try to imitate were Saint Agatha, Saint Eulalia and Saint Cecilia.

paragraph: When she was aged nine, Amunia and Aurea decided to leave the world and to embrace a life of asceticism. They went to the Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, where they appealed to the prior, Dominic (later founder and namesake of the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos) for help in this. After some consideration as to how to proceed, for Aurea Prior Dominic had a narrow anchorhold built for her in the wall of the monastery church, with a small window through which she could see the altar, and another to the outside. He then consecrated her and had her walled into her new cell.

paragraph: Aurea completely applied herself to the contemplative life. By the age of 20, she was living in a cave where she received a vision of her three favorite saints and was encouraged to follow her chosen lifestyle with more zeal. St. Eulalia gave her a pigeon, which image became connected to her, instructing her to follow it as an example of how she was to seek God. According to tradition, she performed many miracles and many people began to seek her advice and prayers. She supported herself by embroidering vestments for the monastery and baking hosts for the Mass.

paragraph: Aurea did not live long after her visions. During the winter of 1070 she contracted a painful disease, in the course of which she sent for her tutor, Munio. At the time of her death, Aurea was twenty-seven years old. Her body was initially buried in her cave, which served as her shrine until 1609, when the bulk of her remains were enshrined at the monastery, with some being given to the parish church of her home town of Villavelayo, where a special chapel was built to house them and to honor her as the patron saint of the town.

paragraph: A confraternity established to honor her cares for the shrine at the church and organizes an annual trip to the shrine at the monastery.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Gonzalo de Berceo, considered the first poet of the Spanish language, wrote an account of her life called the "Vida de Santa Oria".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aurea at "Catholic Online"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aurea at "Patron Saints Index"

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Aurea Hagiography

description: Medieval Spanish anchoress

wikidata_label: Áurea of San Millán

wikipedia_title: Áurea of San Millán


text:
London
T. Chances
Tottenham
Hawkwind
Parliament
Make Politicians History
Hampstead and Highgate
Hampstead and Highgate
Lewisham East
Tottenham
Class War

categories: People from London,Hawkwind members,English male singers,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Captain Rizz

paragraph: Captain Rizz is a musician and community organiser in London, where he volunteers at the T. Chances community centre in Tottenham. As a vocalist for Hawkwind from 1997 to 2000, he was described as a "Space Reggae toaster".

paragraph: He ran for Parliament several times, associated with Make Politicians History, on the Rizz Party ticket and the Rainbow Dream Ticket. In the 1992 General Election he ran for the Parliamentary seat in Hampstead and Highgate. In the 1997 General Election, he ran for the seat in Hampstead and Highgate seat, as well as the seat in Lewisham East. He ran for the Tottenham seat in 2010, and it was announced that he would be standing as a 2015 candidate for the seat on the Class War ticket.

wikidata_label: Captain Rizz

wikipedia_title: Captain Rizz


text: operetta

text: Amiens

text: Louis Compte

text: troupe

text: Ambigu

text: Vaudeville

text: Variétés

text: Palais-Royal

text: Eugène Labiche

text: Montmartre

text: siege of Paris

text: Garde Nationale

text: Asnières

text: Variétés

text: Dumersan

text: Varin

text: Lockroy

text: Anicet-Bourgeois

text: Dumanoir

text: Adolphe d'Ennery

text: Palais-Royal

text: Le Club champenois

text: Une tragédie chez M. Grassot

text: Les Manchettes d’un vilain

text: Le Sopha

text: Maman Sabouleux

text: Piccolet

text: Un ut de poitrine

text: La Chasse aux corbeaux

text: Un feu de cheminée

text: Espagnolas et Boyardinos

text: Ôtez votre fille, s'il vous plaît

text: La Fiancée du bon coin

text: Si jamais je te pince!...

text: L'Affaire de la rue de Lourcine

text: La Dame aux jambes d'azur

text: Les Noces de Bouchencœur

text: Le Grain de café

text: En avant les Chinois !

text: L'Amour, un fort volume, prix 3 F 50 c

text: Voyage autour de ma marmite

text: La Sensitive

text: La Famille de l'horloger

text: Les 37 sous de M. Montaudoin

text: Célimare le bien-aimé

text: Les Chemins de fer

text: Le Papa du prix d'honneur

text: Doit-on le dire ?

text: La Pièce de Chambertin

text: Les Samedis de Madame

text: La Clé

text: Lambert-Thiboust

text: Paul Siraudin

text: Adolphe Choler

text: Eugène Grangé

text: Alfred Delacour

text: Ernest Blum

text: La Vie parisienne

text: Henri Meilhac

text: Ludovic Halévy

text: Jacques Offenbach

text: Le Château à Toto

text: Henri Chivot

text: Alfred Duru

text: Georges Vibert

text: Étienne-Prosper Berne-Bellecour

text: Verconsin

text: Le Panache

text: Edmond Gondinet

text: Paul Ferrier

text: Victor Bernard

text: Théodore Barrière

text: Pierre Véron

text: François Oswald

text: Pierre Giffard

text: Alfred Hennequin

text: Albert de Saint-Albin

text: Arnold Mortier

text: Albin Valabrègue

categories: French singers,19th-century French male actors,1887 deaths,1814 births

paragraph: Hyacinthe (actor)

paragraph: Louis-Hyacinthe Duflost, known as Hyacinthe (15 April 1814 – 8 May 1887) was a French actor and operetta singer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Amiens, he became a comic actor very early in life - his father was wigmaker to the magician Louis Compte, whose troupe he joined aged seven. He was part of several companies, including the Ambigu, the Vaudeville and the Variétés. In 1847 he moved to the company of the Palais-Royal, where he remained until his death and appeared very regularly in plays by Eugène Labiche.

paragraph: His reputation was partly founded on his large nose, remembered by Parisians long after his death. He lived in Montmartre with his wife and children, most notably during the siege of Paris, when he joined the 32nd Battalion of the Garde Nationale aged 60. He later retired to 3 rue d'Orléans in Asnières, where he died in 1887.

paragraph: Section::::His main rôles.

paragraph: Section::::His main rôles.:Variétés.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gringalet in "Les Saltimbanques" by Dumersan and Varin (25 janvier 1838)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The seducer in "Les Trois Épiciers"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faucheux in "Le Maître d'école" by Lockroy and Anicet-Bourgeois (20 mars 1841)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thibaudeau in "Ma maîtresse et ma femme" by Dumanoir and Adolphe d'Ennery (25 novembre 1842)

paragraph: Section::::His main rôles.:Palais-Royal - Labiche.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gindinet in "Le Club champenois" (1848)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arcas in "Une tragédie chez M. Grassot" (1848)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Panari in "Les Manchettes d’un vilain" (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Balourdeau in "Exposition des produits de la République" (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mazulim in "Le Sopha" (1850)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pépinois in "Maman Sabouleux" (1852)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piccolet in "Piccolet" (1852)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roussin in "Un ut de poitrine" (1853)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antoine in "La Chasse aux corbeaux" (1853)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beauvoisin in "Un feu de cheminée" (1853)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gigomir in "Espagnolas et Boyardinos" (1854)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colardeau in "Ôtez votre fille, s'il vous plaît" (1854)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Népomucène in "La Fiancée du bon coin" (1856)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Léopardin in "Si jamais je te pince!..." (1856)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mistingue in "L'Affaire de la rue de Lourcine" (1857)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bengalo in "La Dame aux jambes d'azur" (1857)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anatole in "Les Noces de Bouchencœur" (1857)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Évariste in "Le Grain de café" (1858)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tchikuli in "En avant les Chinois !" (1858)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colache in "L'Amour, un fort volume, prix 3 F 50 c" (1859)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jesabel in "Voyage autour de ma marmite" (1859)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bougnol in "La Sensitive" (1860)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malfilatre in "La Famille de l'horloger" (1860)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pénuri in "Les 37 sous de M. Montaudoin" (1862)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bocardon in "Célimare le bien-aimé" (1863)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tapiou in "Les Chemins de fer" (1867)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sancier in "Le Papa du prix d'honneur" (1868)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gargaret in "Doit-on le dire ?" (1872)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernest Fador in "La Pièce de Chambertin" (1874)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hochard in "Les Samedis de Madame" (1874)

paragraph: BULLET::::- prince Poupoulos in "La Clé" (1874 et 1877)

paragraph: Section::::His main rôles.:Palais-Royale - other authors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arthur de Clichy in "Le Fils de la belle au bois dormant" (1858) by Lambert-Thiboust, Paul Siraudin and Adolphe Choler

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nérée Dusorbet in "La Pénélope à la mode de Caen" (1860) by Lambert-Thiboust, Paul Siraudin and Eugène Grangé

paragraph: BULLET::::- Picardeau in "Les Femmes sérieuses" (1864) by Paul Siraudin, Alfred Delacour and Ernest Blum

paragraph: BULLET::::- The baron de Gondremarck in "La Vie parisienne" (1866) by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, music by Jacques Offenbach

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maître Massepain in "Le Château à Toto" (1868) by Meilhac and Halévy, music by Jacques Offenbach

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chiffardin in "Le Carnaval d’un merle blanc" (1868) by Henri Chivot and Alfred Duru

paragraph: BULLET::::- the marquis de Castel-Bombé in "La Vie de château" (1869) by Henri Chivot and Alfred Duru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfred in "Le Réveillon" (1872) by Meilhac and Halévy

paragraph: BULLET::::- le duc de la Butte-Jonvel in "La Tribune mécanique" (1872) by Georges Vibert and Étienne-Prosper Berne-Bellecour

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Échos de Paris ou la Revue en retard" (1873) by Henri Chivot and Alfred Duru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alcide Malicorne in "Ici, Médor" (1875) by Verconsin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birochet in "Le Panache" (1875) by Edmond Gondinet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pulverin in "L’Homme du Lapin blanc" (1875) by Alfred Duru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vernouillet in "La Chaste Suzanne" (1877) by Paul Ferrier

paragraph: BULLET::::- Édouard in "Les Demoiselles de Montfermeil" (1878) by Victor Bernard and Théodore Barrière

paragraph: BULLET::::- Belgodère in "Tant plus ça change" (1878) by Edmond Gondinet and Pierre Véron

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beaudichon in "Le Volcan" (1882) by Edmond Gondinet, François Oswald and Pierre Giffard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brochondans in "Le Train de plaisir" (1884) by Alfred Hennequin, Albert de Saint-Albin et Arnold Mortier

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord in "La Fille à Georgette" (1886) by Albin Valabrègue.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.lesarchivesduspectacle.net/index.php?IDX_Personne=68108

description: French actor

wikidata_label: Hyacinthe

wikipedia_title: Hyacinthe (actor)


text:
Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Lillian Ballagh Farmer
Madame Butterfly
Faust

categories: 1884 births,1952 deaths,American philanthropists,People from Los Angeles,20th-century American singers,American sopranos,20th-century American women singers

paragraph: Pearl Cole McMullen

paragraph: Pearl Cole McMullen (January 19, 1884 – May 22, 1952) was the president of the Matinee Musical Club, Los Angeles, and a dramatic soprano.

paragraph: She was born in Kansas on January 19, 1884. She married Philip W. McMullen. She died in Los Angeles, California, on May 22, 1952.

paragraph: She is buried at Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Pearl Cole McMullen was a dramatic soprano and a teacher of singing; she was available for concerts and recitals. She had a studio at the Majestic Theater Building, Los Angeles.

paragraph: The Matinee Musical Club, Los Angeles, was founded in 1908 by Lillian Ballagh Farmer. McMullen was the President. The club was the first in the field to pay musicians, particularly young persons just beginning their careers.

paragraph: McMullen was also the treasurer and federation-extension secretary of the Wa-Wan Club (formerly the Schubert Club), Los Angeles, president (and on the Board of Directors) of the Omaha Woman's Luncheon Club, and chairman of the membership committee of the Los Angeles Music Teachers' Association.

paragraph: In 1920 McMullen presented a recital before the members of the Ontario Current Events Club, Los Angeles. McMullen sang several operatic selections like "Un bel di vedremo" from Puccini's "Madame Butterfly" and the Jewel Song from "Faust". Her group numbers included song by Kramer, Woodman, Porter, Currant, Saltor, Schubert, Moussorsky, Ward Stephons and the quaint Chinese Mother Goose Rhymes by Crist.

paragraph: In the Summer of 1921, McMullen did a tour of the East Coast. She went as far as Omaha and Duluth. In Cheyenne she was the guest of the U.S. Atty and Mrs. C.L. Rigdon. She taught a class for several weeks and gave a program before the Music Study Club. On the way East she appeared in a Berkeley musicale, and gave recitals in Omaha, Hutchinson, Kansas, and elsewhere.

paragraph: In 1928 McMullen appeared as the Muse Euterpe in the opera "The Mistress of Song" at the closing function of the Euterpe Club in Los Angeles, of which she was a member.

wikidata_label: Pearl Cole McMullen

wikipedia_title: Pearl Cole McMullen


text:
Río de la Plata
Biscay
Ñuño Fernández Lobo
Juan Cayetano Fernández de Agüero
University of Saint Francis Xavier
May 22, 1810
Primera Junta
familysearch.org

categories: 1819 deaths,19th-century Roman Catholic priests,1751 births,18th-century Roman Catholic priests,Argentine people of Portuguese descent,Argentine people of Basque descent,Argentine people of Spanish descent,Spanish colonial governors and administrators

paragraph: Juan Nepomuceno Solá

paragraph: Juan Nepomuceno Solá (1751-1819) was an Argentine Catholic priest. He had an active participation in the political life of the Río de la Plata.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Juan Nepomuceno was born in Buenos Aires, son of Miguel de Solá y Solá de Medinaceli, born in Biscay, and Juana de Indá y Tirado, belonging to a traditional Creole family of Spanish and Portuguese origin. Through his mother he was a descendant of Ñuño Fernández Lobo, being a distant relative of Juan Cayetano Fernández de Agüero, of outstanding performance as parish priest of the Cathedral of Buenos Aires.

paragraph: After completing his elementary studies he graduated as a doctor of theology from the University of Saint Francis Xavier in 1774. That same year he was ordained as a priest, being appointed Provisor and Vicar General of the bishopric and interim parish priest of the church of in 1776.

paragraph: Juan Nepomuceno Solá had been the head of the Church of Montserrat for years, when he was invited to participate in the open town hall on May 22, 1810. He integrated the first governing board, previous to the formation of the Primera Junta.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- familysearch.org

description: Argentinian catholic priest

wikidata_label: Juan Nepomuceno Solá

wikipedia_title: Juan Nepomuceno Solá


text:
Thai
Member of Parliament
Pheu Thai Party
Pracharaj Party
Minister of Public Health
Interior Minister
Banharn Silpa-archa
Chavalit Yongchaiyudh
Thaksin Shinawatra
Surayud Chulanont
Sripatum University
Sa Kaeo
Thai Beverage
Yingluck Shinawatra
cabinet
Thai Nation Party
Prachinburi Province
Banharn Silpa-archa
New Aspiration Party
Chavalit Yongchaiyudh
Ya ba
methamphetamine
election in 2001
Thai Rak Thai Party
Thaksin Shinawatra
Ministries of Culture
Labour
Wang Nam Yen
Northeastern region
People's Alliance for Democracy
Pracharaj Party
Pheu Thai Party
Yingluck Shinawatra
Order of the White Elephant
Order of the Crown of Thailand
Order of the Direkgunabhorn

categories: Thai Nation Party politicians,New Aspiration Party politicians,Pracharaj Party politicians,Pheu Thai Party politicians,Ministers of the Interior of Thailand,Government ministers of Thailand,Members of the House of Representatives (Thailand),Thai Rak Thai Party politicians,Living people

paragraph: Sanoh Thienthong

paragraph: Sanoh Thienthong (, born 1 April 1934) is a Thai politician. He is a Member of Parliament for the Pheu Thai Party list. Before he joined the Pheu Thai Party in 2011, he was the leader of the minor Pracharaj Party. Earlier functions include Minister of Public Health and Interior Minister. Sanoh played a supporting role in the rise to premiership of Banharn Silpa-archa, Chavalit Yongchaiyudh, Thaksin Shinawatra and Surayud Chulanont

paragraph: Section::::Education and family.

paragraph: Sanoh Thienthong has graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree from the Sripatum University. He is married with Uraiwan Thienthong, who is also a politician. They have six children together. Among them are Sorawong Thienthong, who is an MP for Sa Kaeo and Surachat Thienthong, who is an MP for Bangkok, after having been product manager for Thai Beverage, the producer of Beer Chang. Sanoh's nephew and niece, Thanit and Trinuch Thienthong, are both MPs for Sa Kaeo. Moreover, Thanit serves as a Deputy Interior Minister in Yingluck Shinawatra's cabinet. Sanoh's brother Witthaya was a long-term MP for Sa Kaeo as well (since 1996, all three Sa Kaeo seats in the House of Representatives have been controlled by members of the Thienthong family), while his sister Kwanruan was a member of the Senate in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Sanoh has an influential trucking business, his home district being located near an important checkpoint at the Thai-Cambodian border. Sanoh entered politics with the Thai Nation Party in 1975. One year later, he was elected to parliament representing Prachinburi Province which at the time still contained today's Sa Kaeo Province. From 1986 to 1988, he was Deputy Minister of Agriculture and, for a short phase of less than two months in 1992, Deputy Minister of Transport. When Banharn Silpa-archa became leader of the Thai Nation Party in 1994, he made Sanoh secretary-general. The following year, Banharn became Prime Minister and called up Sanoh to the government, appointing him Minister of Public Health.

paragraph: In 1996, Sanoh resigned from the Thai Nation Party and joined the New Aspiration Party of Chavalit Yongchaiyudh, and immediately took up the position of secretary-general. After Chavalit had won the election and become Prime Minister, he made Sanoh Minister of the Interior. As a minister, Sanoh Thienthong is said to have coined the term Ya ba ("madness drug") instead of "Ya ma" ("horse drug") for the mix of methamphetamine and caffeine which used to be prevalent in Thailand.

paragraph: For the election in 2001, he changed to the Thai Rak Thai Party (TRT) of Thaksin Shinawatra. Sanoh was made chief adviser of the party. He was not given a government office, but his wife Uraiwan was appointed minister. Alternately, she led the Ministries of Culture and Labour. Inside the Thai Rak Thai Party, Sanoh led a faction called the "Wang Nam Yen group", named after Sanoh's home district. In 2004, around 70 MPs, mainly from the Northeastern region were affiliated with this group.

paragraph: After discord with Thaksin, Sanoh Thienthong left TRT on 25 February 2006. After Thaksin had dissolved the parliament, Sanoh spoke at several rallies of the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD, or "Yellow Shirts"), an anti-Thaksin pressure group. He formed a new party, called Pracharaj Party ("Royalist People's Party"). Sanoh became leader of the party which declared political reform and the removal of the Thaksin regime as its aims.

paragraph: On 13 May 2011, he abandoned his Pracharaj Party to join the Pheu Thai Party. He supported the top candidature of Yingluck Shinawatra and on 5 August, it was Sanoh who proposed her election as Prime Minister to the parliament.

paragraph: Sanoh Thienthong, who has the reputation of a behind-the-scenes powerbroker and king-maker, has been dubbed "Godfather of Wang Nam Yen", or "Godfather of the eastern border"

paragraph: Section::::Decorations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Order of the White Elephant (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Order of the Crown of Thailand (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Order of the Direkgunabhorn (1997)

description: Thailand politician

wikidata_label: Sanoh Thienthong

wikipedia_title: Sanoh Thienthong


text:
Monmouth
wider county
Neo-Classical
John Newman
Market Hall
1-6 Priory Street
Market Hall
the Beaufort Arms Hotel
the Methodist Church
Masonic Hall
Kingsley House
Oak House
Monk Street
Church Street
Shire Hall
Assizes
River Monnow
viaduct
Market Hall
Bath Stone
Doric
Ionic
cupola
clerestory
stucco
1-6 Priory Street
Pentwyn
Croft-y-Bwla
villa
Alexander Rolls
The Hendre
Pontypool
Cadw
Piercefield House
Chepstow
Sir John Soane
John Newman
Hempsted
Gloucestershire

categories: Greek Revival architects,1802 births,19th-century Welsh architects,1864 deaths

paragraph: George Vaughan Maddox

paragraph: George Vaughan Maddox (1802–27 February 1864) was a nineteenth-century British architect and builder, whose work was undertaken principally in the town of Monmouth, Wales, and in the wider county. Working mainly in a Neo-Classical style, his extensive output made a significant contribution to the Monmouth townscape. The architectural historian John Newman writes that his buildings "give(.) Monmouth its particular architectural flavour. For two decades from the mid-1820s he put up a sequence of public buildings and private houses in the town, in a style deft, cultured, and only occasionally unresolved." The Market Hall and 1-6 Priory Street are considered Maddox's "most important projects".

paragraph: Section::::Life and works.

paragraph: Maddox was born in 1802, the son of another architect, John Maddox, who also worked in the county. Maddox designed some of Monmouth's most notable buildings, including the Market Hall, "his major work", the Beaufort Arms Hotel, the Methodist Church, the Masonic Hall, Kingsley House, Oak House, and 18 St James Street.

paragraph: For much of his life, Maddox lived at 8 Monk Street, Monmouth. In the early 1830s, Maddox won a competition organised by the Borough Council in Monmouth, to design a new scheme which would relieve Church Street of through traffic, and provide new accommodation for slaughterhouses and a new Market Hall to replace the market beneath the Shire Hall which faced disruption because of the need to extend the accommodation for the Assizes. Maddox proposed a new carriage road running above the bank of the River Monnow, supported by a viaduct. The Market Hall, with a crescent-shaped frontage of Bath Stone in a Doric style, and an Ionic cupola and clerestory above the central part of the building, was built on one side of the road, and a long convex stuccoed frontage, 1-6 Priory Street, on the opposite side. The new slaughterhouses, comprising 24 rooms with openings onto the river so that their waste would drain directly into it, were sited beneath the sandstone arches of the viaduct. The new road – now Priory Street – was opened in 1834, and the Market Hall in 1840.

paragraph: His other works include Pentwyn at Rockfield, which he built as his own residence in 1834–37; and Croft-y-Bwla, a villa midway between Monmouth and Rockfield which was the home of Alexander Rolls and his first wife Kate Steward Rolls. He also undertook a limited early re-building of The Hendre, and carried out work in Commercial Street, Pontypool. Cadw suggests that Maddox was also the architect of the main block of Piercefield House, near Chepstow, working to designs by Sir John Soane. Given the date of Maddox's birth, and the construction period for Piercefield, this seems unlikely. The architectural historian John Newman follows the more conventional attribution to Soane himself.

paragraph: Maddox died at Hempsted Rectory, Gloucestershire on 27 February 1864.

wikidata_label: George Vaughan Maddox

wikipedia_title: George Vaughan Maddox


text: geologist

text: Paris

text: naturalist

text: Gabriel Auguste Daubrée

text: Muséum national d'histoire naturelle

text: meteorites

text: Gustav Kirchhoff

text: Robert Wilhelm Bunsen

text: spectral analysis

text: solar system

text: Paris Basin

text: La Nature

text: mineralogy

text: astronomy

text: earth's crust

text: Glaciers

categories: Scientists from Paris,Members of the Ligue de la patrie française,French geologists,French mineralogists,1843 births,1925 deaths

paragraph: Stanislas-Étienne Meunier

paragraph: Stanislas-Étienne Meunier (18 July 1843 – 29 April 1925) was a French geologist born in Paris.

paragraph: In 1864 he began work as an "assistant naturalist" to geologist Gabriel Auguste Daubrée (1814–1896), who was an important and lasting influence to Meunier's career. In 1867 he became affiliated with the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, where from 1892 to 1920 he served as chair of geology.

paragraph: Meunier is remembered for his work in comparative and experimental geology, and is credited for introducing experimental geology into the classroom as a specific branch of physical science.

paragraph: In his studies of meteorites, he identified thirty chemical elements that could also be found in Earth-based rocks. Referring to research of Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887) and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811–1899) involving spectral analysis of the Sun, he stated that a unity of chemical composition existed in the solar system. Meunier also performed important geological studies (general and experimental) of the Paris Basin.

paragraph: Meunier was a prolific author, publishing more than 570 works that included around thirty books. Many of his articles were printed in "La Nature" and "Revue Scientifique".

paragraph: Section::::Written works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Méthodes de synthèse en minéralogie" (Baudry, Paris 1871) – Synthesis methods in mineralogy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Ciel géologique, prodrome de géologie comparée" (Didot – 1871).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lithologie pratique ou étude générale et particulière des roches" (Dunod – 1872).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Monde végétal" (Hachette – 1881).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Planète que nous habitons : notions familières d’astronomie physique" (Hachette – 1881) – The planet we inhabit: familiar notions of physical astronomy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Excursions géologiques à travers la France" (G. Masson editor - 1882) – Field trips throughout France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Sources" (Hachette, Coll. Bibliothèque des Merveilles – 1886).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Géologie régionale de la France", (Dunod, 1889) – Regional geology of France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Géologie comparée" (1895) – Comparative geology.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guide dans la collection des météorites avec le catalogue des chutes représentées au muséum", (Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1898, Muséum d’histoire naturelle) – Guide to the collection of meteorites.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nos terrains" (Armand Colin – 1898).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La géologie expérimentale" (Alcan – 1899) – Experimental geology.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Convulsions de l’écorce terrestre" (Flammarion, 1909) – Convulsions of the earth's crust.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La géologie générale" (F. Alcan, Paris, 1910) – General geology.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L’évolution des théories géologiques" (second edition, 1912).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Géologie des environs de Paris" (1912).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Géologie biologique" (1914) – Botanical geology.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire géologique de la mer" (Flammarion - 1917) – Historical geology of the sea.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Glaciers et les montagnes" (Flammarion - 1920) – Glaciers and mountains.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Géologie. ouvrage destiné aux élèves des écoles d’agriculture et de l’institut d’agriculture..., aux ingénieurs, aux coloniaux..." (Vuibert, 1922).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Note nécrologique parue dans La Nature N°2666 du 9 mai 1925 (obituary, biographical information and publications)

description: French geologist

wikidata_label: Stanislas-Étienne Meunier

wikipedia_title: Stanislas-Étienne Meunier


text:
Italian
Baroque
Milan
Francesco Bianchi
church of San Bernardino
ponte Vecchio di Magenta
Duomo
Palazzo Litta
Caponago
Sant'Andrea Apostolo
Pioltello
Giulio Galliori
San Carlo Borromeo
Rho
Olginate

categories: 1690 births,Baroque architects,1760 deaths,18th-century Italian architects

paragraph: Carlo Giuseppe Merlo

paragraph: Carlo Giuseppe Merlo (5 November 1690 – 13 February 1760) was an Italian architect of the late-Baroque period; born in Milan, Italy.

paragraph: He was a pupil of Francesco Bianchi, and from 1708 to 1716 trained in the College of Engineers and Architects in Milan. In 1716, he designed the Oratory for the church of San Bernardino, Milan (completed 1749). In 1731, he designed the main altar for the Sanctuary of the ‘’Beata Vergine di Caravaggio’’. In 1740, he designed the Oratory of the Immacolata in ponte Vecchio di Magenta. Like most architects of Milan, he contributed to the continuing work for the Duomo. In 1738, he designed and directed the construction of the entryway stairs for Palazzo Litta in Milan.

paragraph: He helped rebuild the parrochial church of "San Giuliana" in Caponago. In 1739, he helped designs for a project in the "Monastery of the Visitazione" in Milan. He helped design the façade for the parochial church of Sant'Andrea Apostolo of Pioltello. In conjunction with Giulio Galliori he designed the ephemeral decorative car used to translate the body of San Carlo Borromeo. Again with Galliori he designed the cupola of the sanctuary of the "Beata Vergine" of Rho. He helped raise the belltower for the parrochial church of Olginate. He also helped design a house for the poor and jail.

alias:
Carlo Giuseppe Merli
Carlo Giuseppe Merula

wikidata_label: Carlo Giuseppe Merlo

wikipedia_title: Carlo Giuseppe Merlo


text:
Paris
Pierre Cartellier
Prix de Rome
French Academy in Rome
equestrian statue
Louis XIV
cour d'honneur
Versailles
Bourbon Restoration
Claude de Forbin
Paris Salon
Paris Salon
Musée du Louvre
Louis XIV
Caen
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
Revolution
Cemetery of Père-Lachaise
Académie des Beaux-Arts
Francisco Ballesteros
French intervention in Spain
Place de la Concorde
Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
pont du Carrousel
Louis Bonaparte
On-line, pdf document

categories: French sculptors,1794 births,French male sculptors,1862 deaths

paragraph: Louis Petitot

paragraph: Louis-Messidor-Lebon Petitot (23 June 1794 — 1 June 1862) was a French sculptor, who was born and died in Paris. He was the pupil and son-in-law of the sculptor Pierre Cartellier.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Petitot won the Prix de Rome for sculpture and spent his time, 1815–19, at the French Academy in Rome as a pensioner of the King of France, Louis XVIII. On his return to Paris he worked again with Pierre Cartellier, who was engaged in an equestrian statue of Louis XIV, to be erected in the "cour d'honneur" of Versailles, as part of the celebration of the Bourbon Restoration; at Cartellier's death, only the horse had been cast in bronze. Petitot successfully completed the commission, which was erected in 1817.

paragraph: In 1822 he completed a commemorative marble bust of Claude de Forbin (1656–1733), which was exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1822 and was purchased for Versailles.

paragraph: He exhibited a "Young Hunter Wounded by a Snake" ("illustration") at the Paris Salon of 1827, which was purchased for the Musée du Louvre, and partly on the strength of it, was invited to produce a standing sculpture of Louis XIV, to be cast in bronze and set up in the place Saint-Sauveur, Caen. It was formally inaugurated 24 May 1828, with such success that Petitot and the bronze-founder, Crosatier of Paris, were each named Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. The monument was intended to replace the stone sculpture of Louis XIV, by Jean Postel, sculptor of Lyon, which was commissioned in 1684 and erected the following year, but which had been taken down and demolished during the Revolution.

paragraph: Petitot was the sculptor of the marble bust of Pierre Cartellier on his tomb in the Cemetery of Père-Lachaise, Paris, and a statue representing "Friendship"; the tomb was added to the lists of "monuments historiques", 25 January 1990. For the tomb in the same plot of Cartellier's daughter, Petitot's sister-in-law, Charlotte Cartellier-Heim, he produced a bas-relief of a young couple watering a rosebush.

paragraph: He was elected a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts.

paragraph: Section::::Other works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Capitulation of General Francisco Ballesteros at Campillo," a marble bas-relief commemorating the event in the French intervention in Spain of 4 August 1823, completed in 1831 (Louvre Museum).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The City of Lyon" and "The City of Marseille", stone sculptures for the south-east corner of Place de la Concorde, next to the Quai des Tuileries, 1836.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrait bust of Henri, duc de Rohan, colonel general of the Swiss Guard, completed in 1838 (Versailles).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrait bust of Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey, duke of Conegliano, marshal of France, (1843–45) (Versailles).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two marble bas-reliefs, "Louis XIV Crowned by Victory, Protecting the Arts and Sciences" and "Helios of Rhodes", for the redecoration of the "Escalier de la Reine", Versailles, completed in 1844.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Four stone allegorical groups ("Industry", "Abundance", "The City of Paris" "The Seine") for the pont du Carrousel, 1846.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Funeral monument of Louis Bonaparte, former king of Holland, comte de Saint-Leu, Church of Saint-Leu et Saint Gilles, Saint-Leu-la-Forêt (val d'Oise).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre Kjellberg, "Le Nouveau guide des statues de Paris", (Paris: La Bibliothèque des Arts) 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simone Hoog, (preface by Jean-Pierre Babelon, with the collaboration of Roland Brossard), "Musée national de Versailles. Les sculptures. I- Le musée," Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux) 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Procès-verbal d'inauguration de la statue de Louis XIV (On-line, pdf document).

alias:
Louis-Messidor-Lebon Petitot
Louis Messidor Lebon Petitot

description: sculptor from France

wikidata_label: Louis Petitot

wikipedia_title: Louis Petitot


text: In-Public

text: samizdat

text: Moscow State University

text: perestroika

text: Viktor Tsoi

text: Boris Grebenshchikov

text: Petr Mamonov

text: Tretyakov gallery

text: InterFoto

text: grant

text: Fonds national d'art contemporain

text: Leica M6

text: Rolling Stone

text: GEO

text: Elle

text: Vogue

text: Le Monde

text: Libération

text: Esquire

text: Time

text: In-Public

text: Moscow House of Photography

text: Colorado State University

text: Ekaterina Degot

text: Latvian Museum of Photography

text: Moscow House of Photography

text: Russian Museum

text: Kulturbrauerei

text: Colorado State University

text: Stockholm International Fairs

text: Corcoran Gallery of Art

text: Maison Européenne de la Photographie

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Moderna Museet

text: Ludwig Museum

text: New Mexico Museum of Art

text: Tretyakov Gallery

text: Museum of Modern Art

categories: 1961 births,Soviet photographers,Living people,People from Moscow

paragraph: Igor Mukhin

paragraph: Igor Vladimirovich Mukhin (; born 19 November 1961), also known as Igor Vladimirovich Moukhin, is a Russian photographer. He was a member of the In-Public street photography collective.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: After graduating from college, Mukhin worked in a project institute. From 1985 to 1986 he attended classes at the studio of prominent Moscow photographer Alexander Lapin. He later spent several years working with samizdat rock musicians.

paragraph: In 1987, Mukhin had his first personal exhibition at the Moscow State University. Since 1989 he has been working as an independent photographer.

paragraph: Mukhin is known for his photographs of Soviet rock musicians of the perestroika period, including Viktor Tsoi, Boris Grebenshchikov, and Petr Mamonov. His projects have included "The Soviet Monuments", "The Soviet Bench", "Fragments of Evident Propaganda", "The Soviet Children's Playgrounds", "Night Moscow", "Girls", "Moscow in Winter: Heavy Breath of Winter" and "The Province. The Nizhniy Novgorod vacation". Some of the photographs from these projects were shown at the Tretyakov gallery and La Maison Rouge in Paris in 2007. In the mid-1990s, Mukhin worked on documentary projects about Moscow and provincial Russia.

paragraph: In 1996, he was a guest speaker at the international festival InterFoto in Moscow. In 1999, Mukhin received a grant from the Paris Mayor's office to work on a project titled "Lovers in Paris" sponsored by FNAC (Fonds national d'art contemporain) and the French Committee to commemorate the year 2000.

paragraph: Mukhin usually uses rangefinder cameras including the Leica M6 and black and white film.

paragraph: His work has been published in many Russian magazines and in foreign editions such as "Rolling Stone", "GEO", "Elle", "Vogue", "Le Monde", "Libération", "Esquire", and "Time" among others.

paragraph: In 2018 Mukhin became a member of the In-Public street photography collective.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Avoir 20 ans a Moscou." Paris: Editions Alternatives, 1998. . Text by G. Saffrais.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Igor Moukhine." Paris: Carre Noir; Moscow: Moscow House of Photography, 2000. Text by Olga Sviblova.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wien Вена Vienna" = "Константин Бохоров." Вена, Krinzinger Projekte, Vienna, 2004. Text by Peter Weiermair.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Igor Moukhin." Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA: Hatton Gallery, 2004. Text by A. D. Coleman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Рожденные в СССР = Born in the USSR." Moscow: L. Gusev, 2005. Text by Ekaterina Degot and Steve Yates. Edition of 2000 copies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second edition. 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Moscow"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Moscow." Schilt Publishing, 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mein Moskau: Fotografien 1985–2010". Bern: Benteli, 2012. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Igor Moukhin. Photographies 1987–2011." Paris: Éditions Loco, 2012. . Text by Christian Gattinoni and Bahia Allouache.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Solo exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 "Vision of Russia". Naarden Fotofestival, Grote Kerk, Naarden, Netherlands.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 "Life in the City". Latvian Museum of Photography, Riga, Latvia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 "Soviet Epoch: Benches and Monuments". Photohouse, Riga, Latvia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 "Moscou la Jenne". Bibliothèque Elsa-Triolet, Pantin, France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "Igor Moukhin". Galerie Carre Noir, Paris, France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 "La jeunesse a Paris". (Mois de la photo a Paris 2000), Galerie Carre Noir, Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "Москва Light". Moscow.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "Moscow". International Photography Festival, Pingyao, China.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "Moscou — Paris". Moscow House of Photography, Moscow, Russian Museum (2003).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "Moskauer Jugent im 3. Jahrtausent". Moskauer Tage in Berlin, Kulturbrauerei, Berlin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "Contemporary Moscow Photography". Anahita Gallery, Santa Fe, USA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "Wien – Moscow". Krinzinger Projekte, Vienna.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "I.Moukhin. Contemporary Russian Photography". The Camera Obskura Gallery, Denver, USA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "I.Moukhin: Visions of Contemporary Russia". Hatton Gallery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Generation next". Auditorium parco della musica. Festival Russo, Rome.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Igor Moukhin", Stockholm International Fairs, Sweden.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Igor Moukhin", CM ART, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "La mia Mosca". Festival Fotografia Europea 2012. San Pietro Cloisters. Reggio Emilia, Italy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 Rétrospective "La Russie d'Igor Moukhin, photographies de 1987 à 2012". Grand Réservoir de L'Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicètre. Festival RussenKo 2013, France.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Group exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "Changing Reality." Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D. C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "From the collection." Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: "Photography from the collection." Museum of Modern Art, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "After the wall." Moderna Museet, Stockholm; Ludwig Museum, Budapest; National Galleries im Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Давай! Russian Art now." Postfuhramt, Berlin; travelling MAK, Wien.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Idea Photographic: After Modernism." New Mexico Museum of Art, New Mexico.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Sots Art. Political Art in Russia from 1972 to today." Tretyakov Gallery Moscow, La Maison Rouge, Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "The Original Copy: Photography of Sculpture, 1839 to Today." Museum of Modern Art.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Photographie de la nouvelle Russie 1990–2010." Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Private – International review of photographs" No. 35 (winter 2006–07) Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Young at Heart" "Alexander Osipovich" "The Moscow Times", 19 August 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I.Moukhin". B. Text by "A. D. Coleman". Hatton Gallery, CSU, Fort Collins, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teri Thomson Randall. "Photos from Moscow Igor Moukhin". "Pasatiempo. The New Mexicans Weekly Magazine of Arts", 18–24 April 2003 г. p. 46–47

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthias Echterhagen. "Zwischen Hast und Stillstand". газета "Die Tageszeitung" 9 July 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olga Gourko. "The Desire to be Seen". "Aperture". USA, 2002, № 167, p. 68–69

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Guerrin. "Portraits de villes, portraits de soi". "Le Monde". 1999, 1 Mars

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Russia in Focus" "Howie Movshovitz","The Denver Post" 11 August 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Journal, 1994 Vol. 53 No. 2 USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spring Benches at the XL Gallery" "Olga Listsova". "The Moscow Tribune" 1994

alias:
Igor Vladimirovich Mukhin
Igor Muhin
Igor Mukhin
Igor Moechin
Igor Muchin

description: Soviet photographer

wikidata_label: Igor Moukhin

wikipedia_title: Igor Mukhin


text:
Finnish
rally driver
Lammi
Finnish Rally Championship
World Rally Championship
Rally Finland
Group N
2008 Rally Finland
Ford Focus WRC
British Rally Championship
Renault Clio
2009 Rally Finland
Munchi's Ford World Rally Team

categories: Finnish rally drivers,Living people,World Rally Championship drivers

paragraph: Matti Rantanen (rally driver)

paragraph: Matti Rantanen (born 13 February 1981) is a Finnish rally driver from Lammi.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Rantanen began rallying in 2003 in his native Finland. In 2004 and 2005 he competed in the Finnish Junior Rally Championship, and the main Finnish Rally Championship in 2005 and 2006. In 2005 he competed in his first World Rally Championship round on Rally Finland, winning the Group N category (for less powerful Group N cars). He repeated this feat in 2006, also winning the Group N class in the Finnish Rally Championship. He moved up to the Group N category in the Finnish championship in 2007, finishing sixth. He finished fourth in the following year, 2008. On the 2008 Rally Finland, Rantanen drove a Ford Focus WRC to seventh overall.

paragraph: In 2009 Rantanen is competing in the British Rally Championship in a front-wheel-drive Renault Clio. He competed in the 2009 Rally Finland for the Munchi's Ford World Rally Team, in which he recorded his highest finish to date after finishing in fifth place overall.

description: Finnish rally driver

wikidata_label: Matti Rantanen

wikipedia_title: Matti Rantanen (rally driver)


text:
praetor
Marcus Aurelius
Rupilia Faustina
consul
Marcus Annius Libo
Faustina the Elder
Antoninus Pius
Domitia Lucilla
Marcus Aurelius
Annia Cornificia Faustina
praetor
Meditations

wikipedia_title:
Praetor
Marcus Aurelius
Rupilia
Roman consul
Marcus Annius Libo
Faustina the Elder
Antoninus Pius
Domitia Lucilla
Marcus Aurelius
Annia Cornificia Faustina
Praetor
Meditations

categories: 2nd-century Romans,Nerva–Antonine dynasty,Imperial Roman praetors,124 deaths,Annii

paragraph: Marcus Annius Verus (praetor)

paragraph: Marcus Annius Verus (died 124 AD) was a distinguished Roman politician who lived in the 2nd century, served as a praetor and was the father of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius.

paragraph: He was the son of Roman Senator Marcus Annius Verus and noblewoman Rupilia Faustina. His brother was the consul Marcus Annius Libo and his sister was Faustina the Elder, wife of Antoninus Pius. He married Domitia Lucilla, the heiress of a wealthy family which owned a tile factory. They had two children, Marcus Aurelius (born in 121, and who was also originally named Marcus Annius Verus), and Annia Cornificia Faustina (born in 123). Annius Verus died young while he held the office of praetor. Both his children were still young. The likeliest year of his death is 124.

paragraph: In his "Meditations", Marcus Aurelius, who was only about 3 years old when his father died, says of him: "From what I heard of my father and my memory of him, modesty and manliness."

description: Ancient Roman praetor

wikidata_label: Marcus Annius Verus

wikipedia_title: Marcus Annius Verus (praetor)


text: California Supreme Court

text: United States District Judge

text: Maumee

text: Ohio

text: California

text: read law

text: Sacramento County

text: California State Assembly

text: California State Prisons

text: Superior Court of California

text: Henry Markham

text: Supreme Court of California

text: Republican

text: Democratic

text: Walter Van Dyke

text: recess appointment

text: Theodore Roosevelt

text: United States Senate

text: San Francisco

wikipedia_title: California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation

categories: United States district court judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt,19th-century American judges,20th-century American judges,Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California,Members of the California State Assembly,1852 births,United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law,California Supreme Court justices,U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law,People from Maumee, Ohio,Lawyers from San Francisco,1923 deaths

paragraph: William Cary Van Fleet

paragraph: William Cary Van Fleet (March 24, 1852 – September 3, 1923) was an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: Born in Maumee, Ohio, in 1869 Van Fleet came to California. He read law in the offices of H. O. Beatty, and entered the bar in 1873. He was an assistant district attorney of Sacramento County, California from 1878 to 1879. He was a California State Assemblyman from 1881 to 1882, and was the Director of California State Prisons from 1883 to 1884. He was a Judge of the Superior Court of California from 1884 to 1892, and was appointed by Governor Henry Markham an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California, serving from May 7, 1894, to January 3, 1899. In November 1898, he ran on the Republican and United Labor Party ticket for another term but lost the election to Democratic Walter Van Dyke. After stepping down from the court, he practiced in the firm of Mastic, Belcher, Van Fleet & Mastick.

paragraph: Section::::Federal judicial service.

paragraph: On April 2, 1907, Van Fleet received a recess appointment from President Theodore Roosevelt to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of California created by 34 Stat. 1253. Formally nominated to the same position by President Roosevelt on December 3, 1907, he was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 17, 1907, and received his commission the same day. Van Fleet served until his death on September 3, 1923, in San Francisco, California.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Van Fleet married twice. On April 12, 1877, he married Mary Isabella Carey, who died in Sacramento on February 14, 1878. They had a son, Ransom. After her death, he married Lizzie Eldridge Crocker in San Francisco on January 19, 1887. They had four children, Alan, William, Clark, and Julia.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. C. Van Fleet. California Supreme Court Historical Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Past & Present Justices. California State Courts. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Justices of the Supreme Court of California

description: United States federal judge

wikidata_label: William Cary Van Fleet

wikipedia_title: William Cary Van Fleet


text: Tamil

text: Telugu

text: Malayalam

text: Kannada

text: Chennai

text: India

text: Hindustani music

text: Carnatic music

text: Sun TV

text: Mani Sharma

text: Bobby

text: Hariharan

text: Aasai Aasaiyai

text: Sukran

text: Kilukkam Kilukilukkam

text: 56th Filmfare Awards South

text: Gamyam

text: Ayyappa

text: Yuvan Shankar Raja

text: Vidyasagar

wikipedia_title: Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu

categories: Indian male film singers,Kannada playback singers,Living people,Tamil playback singers,1977 births,Telugu playback singers,Malayalam playback singers,Singers from Chennai

paragraph: Ranjith (singer)

paragraph: Ranjith also known as K.G. Ranjith is an Indian playback singer, working in the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada film industries.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ranjith was born in Chennai, India into a Malayali family, hailing from Kalluvazhi, Kerala. He grew up listening to various kinds of music. He used to stay in a locality where there were many Keralites, and had a chance to participate in the local programs there. Later, a family friend suggested that he be trained in classical music. He learned Hindustani music and Carnatic music. He was trained by Vidwan Cuddalore Subramanian, K. S. Kanakasingam, Trichur P. Ramankutty and P. S. Narayana Swamy. He became popular when he won the Sun TV Saptha Swarangal singing contest in 2001. He is married to a trained Bharata Naatiyam dancer, Reshmi Menon. He has a daughter and a son.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Mani Sharma introduced Ranjith as a playback singer, calling him to sing the song "Adugu Adugu" for the Telugu film "Bobby" (2002) alongside accomplished singer, Hariharan. Ranjith's first Tamil song was "Hey Penne" from "Aasai Aasaiyai" (2002), also composed by Mani Sharma. However, the song which gained Ranjith popularity was "Suppose" from the film "Sukran" (2005). In 2007, he sang his first song in his mother tongue Malayalam, "Innoru Paattonnu Paadaan" for the film "Kilukkam Kilukilukkam". Ranjith was nominated for the Best Male Playback Singer prize in the Telugu category at the 56th Filmfare Awards South for the song "Entavaraku" from "Gamyam" (2009).

paragraph: In 2005, Ranjith composed, arranged and performed an ensemble of Ayyappa Namaskara Slokas that was compiled into an album titled "Saranam Ayyappa". He further composed and arranged the music for the dance ensemble "Panchamukhi". He has worked often with Yuvan Shankar Raja, Vidyasagar and other music directors in Tamil.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranjith's discography

description: Indian singer

wikidata_label: Ranjith

wikipedia_title: Ranjith (singer)


text:
Bailie
Balquhidder
James Mhor Stewart
Crown of Scotland
James Mhor Stewart
Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany
James I of Scotland
Antrim
Bailie
Balquhidder
burgh
alderman
magistrate
bailiff
East Dunbartonshire
Milton of Campsie
Stirling
Strathgartney
Balquhidder
Walter Stewart, 3rd Laird of Baldorran
tacks
Stewart of Balquhidder

wikipedia_title:
Bailie
Balquhidder
James Mor Stewart
Crown of Scotland
James Mor Stewart
Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany
James I of Scotland
Antrim, County Antrim
Bailie
Balquhidder
Burgh
Alderman
Magistrate
Bailiff
East Dunbartonshire
Milton of Campsie
Stirling
Loch Katrine
Balquhidder
Walter Stewart, 3rd Laird of Baldorran
Tacksman
Stewart of Balquhidder

categories: People from Stirling (council area),1440 births,Stewart of Balquhidder,15th-century Scottish people,Scottish businesspeople,Medieval Gaels from Scotland,Scottish landowners,House of Stuart

paragraph: William Stewart of Baldorran

paragraph: Sir William Stewart (c.1440–c.1500), 2nd Laird of Baldorran, 1st Royal Bailie of the Crown lands of Balquhidder, was a fifteenth-century Scottish landowner, and founder of the Balquhidder Stewart clan. He was the grandson of James Mhor Stewart who launched a failed bid for the Crown of Scotland in 1429.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: William Stewart was born in around 1440, the son of James "Beg" Stewart (c.1410–1470) and Annabel Buchanan, daughter of Patrick, 14th Lord of Buchanan,

paragraph: His grandfather was James Mhor Stewart, the only son of Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany, to survive the persecution of King James I of Scotland in 1425. Albany was executed by James for treason in 1425 along with his eldest sons, and his estates forfeited. James Mhor Stewart fled to Antrim, Ireland to escape the King's vengeance. His youngest son James "Beg" Stewart was able to secure a royal pardon and return to Scotland, where he married Annabel Buchanan, daughter of Patrick, 14th Lord of Buchanan, and was granted the estate of Baldorran. William Stewart was their second son.

paragraph: Section::::Bailie of the Crown Lands of Balquhidder.

paragraph: In or around 1488 William Stewart of Baldorran was appointed Royal Bailie of the Crown Lands of Balquhidder. A baillie (alternative spelling bailie, from Old French) was a local civic officer in Scottish burghs, approximately equivalent to the post of alderman or magistrate (see bailiff) in other countries. They were responsible for a jurisdiction called a bailiary (alt. bailiery). Scottish barons often appointed a Baillie as their judicial officer.

paragraph: William brought the Stewart name to Balquhidder and was the founder of the Balquhidder Stewart clan. The Stewarts of Ardvorlich, Glen Buckie, Gartnafuaran and Annat and their cadet families are all descended from him.

paragraph: The name Baldorran is derived from the Gaelic, "baille nan dobhran", meaning "town of the otter". It is sometimes spelled using the archaic form of "Balindoran". In any event Baldorran no longer exists. It was located in East Dunbartonshire, near Milton of Campsie, approximately 15 miles southwest of Stirling. The Stewarts of Baldorran sold Baldorran to the Glorat family, and today maps show the former residence of Baldorran as Glorat House.

paragraph: William Stewart did much to restore prosperity to his family, ruined by the events of 1425 and the execution of his great-grandfather the Duke of Albany. He succeeded in expanding the family estates, adding parts of Upper Strathgartney and eventually most of Balquhidder.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Stewart married twice. His first wife was Janet Buchanan, daughter of Archibald Buchanan of Lettir (in Strathyre). They had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Janet Stewart (born c1475).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes Stewart (born c1477).

paragraph: His second wife was Marion Helen Campbell, Of Glenorchy, daughter of Colin Campbell, 1st of Glenorchy, whom he married on 5 October 1498, and by whom he had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter Stewart, 3rd Laird of Baldorran, 2nd Bailie of Balquhidder, born c1480 in Baldorran, Campsie, Stirlingshire.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Stewart, 1st Laird of Glenbuckie, born c1485 in Baldorran, Campsie, Stirlingshire.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mariote Stewart, born c1490 in Baldorran, Campsie, Stirlingshire, Scotland.

paragraph: In the portioning of Balquhidder which took place during the sixteenth century, the descendants of Sir William Stewart of Baldorran gained hereditary tacks of land.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stewart of Balquhidder

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campbell, Alastair, p.134, "A History of Clan Campbell" Retrieved November 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Debrett, John, p.799, "Debrett's Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland" Retrieved November 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nelker, Gladys P, "The Clan Steuart", Genealogical Publishing (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seaver, Montgomery J., p. 11, "Stewart Family History" Retrieved November 2010

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Descendants of the Duke of Albany at www.chuckspeed.com Retrieved November 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stewarts of Balquhidder webpage Retrieved November 2010

description: Scottish landowner, founder of the Balquhidder Stewart clan

wikidata_label: William Stewart

wikipedia_title: William Stewart of Baldorran


text: United States District Judge

text: San Antonio

text: Texas

text: United States Army

text: World War II

text: Bachelor of Laws

text: St. Mary's University School of Law

text: Bexar County

text: Jimmy Carter

text: United States Senate

text: Austin

text: Downtown San Antonio

categories: United States district court judges appointed by Jimmy Carter,St. Mary's University School of Law alumni,20th-century American judges,2002 deaths,Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas,Texas state court judges,Hispanic and Latino American judges,1925 births

paragraph: Hipolito Frank Garcia

paragraph: Hipolito Frank Garcia (December 4, 1925 – January 16, 2002) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: Born in San Antonio, Texas, Garcia was in the United States Army during World War II, from 1943 to 1945, and received a Bachelor of Laws from St. Mary's University School of Law in 1951. He was a deputy district clerk for Bexar County, Texas from 1950 to 1952, and then an assistant criminal attorney for the county 1952 to 1963. He was in private practice from 1963 to 1964, becoming a judge of the Bexar County Law Court from 1964 to 1974, and of the 144th Judicial District Court of Bexar County from 1975 to 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Federal judicial service.

paragraph: On December 19, 1979, Garcia was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas created by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 29, 1980, and received his commission the following day. He served until his death, in Austin, Texas, on January 16, 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Honor.

paragraph: In 2004, the Hipolito F. Garcia Federal Building and United States Courthouse in Downtown San Antonio was named in his honor.

description: United States federal judge

wikidata_label: Hipolito Frank Garcia

wikipedia_title: Hipolito Frank Garcia


text: publisher

text: Henry James

text: John Galsworthy

text: London

text: barrister

text: Julia Jackson

text: ancestor

text: Queen Marie Antoinette

text: Julia Margaret Cameron

text: Leslie Stephen

text: Virginia Woolf

text: Vanessa Bell

text: Thoby

text: Adrian Stephen

text: George

text: sexually abused

text: Hogarth Press

text: Eton College

text: Clare College, Cambridge

text: Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd

text: Henry James

text: In the Cage

text: Leslie Stephen

text: John Galsworthy

text: August Strindberg

text: L. Frank Baum

text: Maxfield Parrish

text: Edward Garnett

text: W. H. Hudson

text: Charles M. Doughty

text: D. H. Lawrence

text: Evelyn Waugh

text: Virginia Woolf

text: Edith Sitwell

text: Osbert Sitwell

text: Sacheverell Sitwell

text: John Galsworthy

text: Anthony Powell

text: Milan

text: Italy

text: Peter Mayer

text: National Portrait Gallery

text: George Herbert Duckworth

text: Austen Chamberlain

text: Anthony Duckworth-Chad

text: Dictionary of National Biography

text: Oxford University Press

text: Gerald Duckworth at DNB online

text: D-day dawns for Duckworth

text: Wiki-Genealogy

categories: People educated at Eton College,Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge,1870 births,1937 deaths,British publishers (people)

paragraph: Gerald Duckworth

paragraph: Gerald de l'Etang Duckworth (29 October 1870 – 28 September 1937) was an English publisher, who founded the London company that bears his name. Henry James and John Galsworthy were among the firm's early authors.

paragraph: Section::::Background and early life.

paragraph: Duckworth was a son of Herbert Duckworth, a London barrister, by his wife Julia Jackson. His middle name, "de l'Etang", was the surname of one of his mother's ancestors, Antoine de l'Etang, a page to Queen Marie Antoinette. His mother was a niece of Julia Margaret Cameron, the photographer, after whom she was named.

paragraph: Duckworth's father died before his birth, and when he was eight his mother married the author Leslie Stephen, and had four more children: Virginia Stephen, later the author Virginia Woolf, the painter Vanessa Bell, and two sons, Thoby and Adrian Stephen. Woolf eventually accused Gerald and his elder brother, George, of having sexually abused her and Vanessa when they were children and teenagers. Woolf published her first two novels with her brother's help before forming the Hogarth Press.

paragraph: Gerald Duckworth was educated at Eton College and Clare College, Cambridge.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1898, Duckworth founded the publishing company which bears his name, Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd, in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. In his first year, 1898–99, he published Henry James's "In the Cage"; Leslie Stephen's "English Literature and Society in the Eighteenth Century"; "Jocelyn" by John Sinjohn, a nom-de-plume of John Galsworthy; a translation of August Strindberg's "Der Vater"; and "Mother Goose in Prose", the first children's book by L. Frank Baum, and the first book illustrated by Maxfield Parrish. (Baum's most famous work, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", was published in Chicago just a year later.)

paragraph: Edward Garnett (whose son David would marry Duckworth's niece Angelica Bell) was Duckworth's reader for nearly twenty years. The firm published W. H. Hudson, Charles M. Doughty, D. H. Lawrence, Evelyn Waugh, Virginia Woolf, and most of the work of Edith Sitwell, Osbert Sitwell, and Sacheverell Sitwell. It published all of John Galsworthy's plays between 1909 and 1929.

paragraph: In 1929, Galsworthy was shocked that Duckworth required him to sign all 1,250 copies of a limited edition of his collected plays. But when told he would get a royalty of 15s. 9d. per copy, he set up his watch and said: "Let's see how long it takes me to earn £984 7s. 6d."

paragraph: Anthony Powell became Duckworth's literary editor in 1926, and the publishers "Judkins & Judkins" in his novel "What's become of Waring?" (1939) are modelled on Duckworth's.

paragraph: Duckworth died in Milan, Italy, in 1937, but the firm continued to thrive. It marked its centenary in 1998, but ran into financial troubles in 2003. It was then bought out by Peter Mayer, though it continues to publish under the name of Duckworth.

paragraph: Three portraits of Duckworth are held by the National Portrait Gallery.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On 2 March 1921, Duckworth married Cecil Alice Scott-Chad (born 1891), the daughter of Charles Scott-Chad, a barrister. They had no children.

paragraph: Duckworth's older brother Sir George Herbert Duckworth (1868–1934) was private secretary to Austen Chamberlain and was the grandfather of Anthony Duckworth-Chad. His sister Stella (1869–1897) married John Waller Hills, but died three months later.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gerald L'Étang Duckworth, (1870–1937), publisher" by Geraldine Beare in "Dictionary of National Biography" ("Oxford University Press", 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerald Duckworth at DNB online

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd website

paragraph: BULLET::::- "D-day dawns for Duckworth" - Guardian Unlimited article, by John Ezard, dated Friday, April 25, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wiki-Genealogy

description: British publisher

wikidata_label: Gerald Duckworth

wikipedia_title: Gerald Duckworth


text:
West Breifne
Tudor conquest of Ireland
Scotland
King James VI
extradited
Britain
Gael
Bréifne
Ulster
Connacht
Lough Gill
Dromahair
tower house
Parke's Castle
Henry Sidney
Nicholas Malby
Edward Waterhouse
Elizabeth I
Second Desmond Rebellion
Munster
Old English
Dillon
Meath
Geraldine
Richard Bingham
John Perrot
Dublin Castle
Bréifne
Connacht
Dublin
Composition of Connacht
knight-service
Low Countries
Bréifne
Spanish Armada
Francisco de Cuellar
seneschal
Robert Dillon
William Fitzwilliam
Ulster
Monaghan
Hugh Roe MacMahon
Scotland
mercenaries
King James VI
Treaty of Berwick
Bothwellites
Glasgow
Glasgow
Tower of London
treason
Henry VIII
Dublin
Sligo
Middlesex
Sligo
Roscommon
arraign
Tyburn
Miler Magrath
Archbishop of Cashel
Franciscans
hanging and quartering
Francis Bacon
Scots king
extradition
Britain
Perrot
Nine Years War
Annals of the Four Masters
Nine Years War
Earl of Clanricarde
Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond
Brian Oge
Teigue
Battle of Curlew Pass

categories: People of Elizabethan Ireland,16th-century Irish monarchs,People from County Leitrim,Irish lords,1591 deaths,1540s births,People executed under the Tudors for treason against England,People extradited to England,Executed Irish people,People executed under Elizabeth I of England by hanging, drawing and quartering

paragraph: Brian O'Rourke

paragraph: Sir Brian O'Rourke () (c. 1540 – 1591) was firstly king, then lord, of West Breifne in Ireland from 1566 until his execution in 1591. He reigned during the later stages of the Tudor conquest of Ireland and his rule was marked by English encroachments on his lands. Despite being knighted by the English in 1567, he would later be proclaimed a rebel and forced to flee his kingdom in 1590. He travelled to Scotland in early 1591 seeking assistance from King James VI, however he was to become the first man extradited within Britain on allegations of crimes committed in Ireland and was sentenced to death in London in November 1591.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: O'Rourke was a member of one of Gaelic Ireland's foremost dynasties, and was remarked upon as a handsome and unusually learned Gaelic lord. He assumed leadership of the dynasty in the mid-1560s having assassinated his elder brothers, but his territory of west Bréifne on the border of Ulster soon came under the administration of the newly created Presidency of Connacht. His territory was centred on the banks of Lough Gill and in the area of Dromahair. Foundations of an O'Rourke tower house can be seen today at Parke's Castle, close to Dromahair.

paragraph: Although the English knighted O'Rourke, in time they became unsettled by him. The English lord deputy, Sir Henry Sidney, described him in 1575 as the proudest man he had dealt with in Ireland. Similarly, the president of Connacht, Sir Nicholas Malby, put him down as, ""the proudest man this day living on the earth"". A decade later Sir Edward Waterhouse thought of him as, ""being somewhat learned but of an insolent and proud nature and no further obedient than is constrained by her Majesty's forces"" .

paragraph: Section::::Connacht.

paragraph: O'Rourke was willing to deal with the government, and in an agreement concluded with Malby in 1577 he recognised the sovereignty of the Irish crown under Elizabeth I. But his allegiance was called in question within two years, during the Second Desmond Rebellion in Munster, when he rose out in defiance of the Connacht presidency. It was suspected his actions were induced by an involvement with the Old English family of the Dillons in adjacent Meath, who were engaged in an effort to spread their influence and possessions in the northern midlands, rather than by outright collusion in the rebel Geraldine cause.

paragraph: Sir Richard Bingham took up the presidency of Connacht in 1584, when Sir John Perrot was appointed lord deputy of Ireland. Ó Ruairc immediately complained of harassment by the new president in the spring and summer of that year, and in September Bingham was ordered by his superior in Dublin Castle to temporise and refrain from making expeditions into Bréifne. Although part of the province of Connacht, the territory was not subject to a crown sheriff, and O'Rourke was happy to preserve his freedom of action. He did maintain relations with the Dublin government by his attendance at the opening of parliament in 1585, where he was noted to have dressed all in black in the company of his strikingly beautiful wife.

paragraph: In preparation for the Composition of Connacht, whereby the lords of that province were to enter an agreement with the government to regularise their standing, O'Rourke surrendered his lordship in 1585. He was thus due to receive a regrant of his lands by knight-service in return for a chief horse and an engraved gold token to be presented to the lord deputy each year at midsummer. It seemed a balanced compromise, but O'Rourke declined to accept the letters patent and never regarded his terms as binding.

paragraph: By May 1586 the tension with the president had mounted, and O'Rourke brought charges against him before the council at Dublin, which were dismissed as vexatious. Bingham believed that Perrot had been behind this attempt on his authority, but there was little he could do before his recall to England for service in the Low Countries in 1587; upon the president's departure (he was to return within a year), Perrot slashed O'Rourke's annual composition dues and, while permitting him to levy certain illegal exactions, appointed the Lord of West Bréifne sheriff of Leitrim for a term of two years.

paragraph: Section::::Rebellion.

paragraph: O'Rourke remained unhappy with English interference in his territories, and he was also content to be described as a leading Catholic lord. After Perrot's departure, he assisted at least eighty survivors of the Spanish Armada – including Francisco de Cuellar – to depart the country in the winter of 1588, and was regarded as friendly to future receptions of Spanish forces. Although not proclaimed as a rebel, he put up a forcible resistance to the presidency – again under Binghams's command – and would not be bridled.

paragraph: O'Rourke's demands against the government grew with the violence on the borders of west Breifne. In peace talks in 1589, he did accept the terms of a crown tribute that had been agreed by his grandfather, but resisted the composition terms of 1585 and refused to allow the formation of a crown administration in the new county Leitrim. Instead, he sought appointment as seneschal under the direct authority of the Dublin government, leaving him independent of Bingham. He also sought safe possession of his lands, a safe-conduct for life, and a guarantee of freedom from harassment by the president's forces of any merchants entering his territory. In return, the only pledge he was willing to give was his word. A member of the Dublin council, Robert Dillon of the Meath family, advised him to stay out – intimating that O'Rourke would be taken into custody if he came in and submitted to crown authority – and O'Rourke declined the government's offers.

paragraph: Section::::Flight and extradition.

paragraph: Under the government of Perrot's successor as lord deputy, Sir William Fitzwilliam, pressure was increased on the territories bordering the province of Ulster. Thus, in the spring of 1590, Bingham's forces occupied west Breifne and O'Rourke fled; later that year the adjacent territory of Monaghan was seized by the crown after the execution at law of the resident lord, Hugh Roe MacMahon.

paragraph: O'Rourke fetched up in Scotland in February 1591, with ""six fair Irish hobbies and four great dogs to be presented to the king"". He was seeking not only asylum but also the opportunity to recruit mercenaries to contest the occupation of his territories. In consultation with the English ambassador, King James VI denied him an audience, and Queen Elizabeth (relying on the Treaty of Berwick 1586) made a strong request for the delivery of O'Rourke into her custody.

paragraph: The matter was put to the Scottish privy council, which readily ordered – in the face of some objections – the arrest and delivery to English crown forces of the rebel Irish lord. Elizabeth's councillors had explicitly held out the prospect of clemency for O'Rourke, and certain Scots councillors agreed to the extradition, in the supposed expectation that his life would be spared. The expectation was to be disappointed, an experience the king himself suffered in the years afterward, when extradition requests for Bothwellites were denied by the English.

paragraph: O'Rourke was arrested in Glasgow, where the townsmen sought a stay on his delivery into custody, fearing for their Irish trade. The denial of their request caused an outcry, and the king's officers were cursed as knights of Elizabeth with the allegation that the Scottish king had been bought with English angels (a reference to the pension the king received from England). Several of O'Rourke's creditors feared that his debts would go unpaid, but the English ambassador later made a contribution of £47. O'Rourke was removed from Glasgow in the afternoon of 3 April 1591 in the midst of a riot. Two ships on the west coast were looted, and, after some crews had been killed by Irishmen in protest at O'Rourke's treatment, guards had to be mounted on all vessels sailing to Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Trial and execution.

paragraph: O'Rourke was transferred to the Tower of London, where he was kept in close custody as legal argument began. Although treason trials in the Tudor period had more to do with political theatre than the administration of justice, the matter was not a foregone conclusion: there was a serious question over whether O'Rourke could be tried in England for treason committed in Ireland. The judges delivered a mixed, preliminary opinion, that the trial could go ahead under a treason statute enacted under King Henry VIII.

paragraph: Meanwhile, articles had been framed at Dublin against O'Rourke with the reluctant aid of Bingham (curiously, he complained of being bullied into his testimony), and there was also an indictment laid by a jury in Sligo. These matters were transferred to England, where the grand jury of Middlesex found evidence of various offences of treason, the most substantial of which concerned the assistance given to Armada survivors, the attempt to raise mercenaries in Scotland, and various armed raids made by O'Rourke into Sligo and Roscommon. There was one further charge that related to an odd incident in 1589, when a representation of the Queen (whether a wood-carving or painting is not known) was said to have been tied to a horse's tail at O'Rourke's command and dragged in the mud. This was referred to as the "treason of the image", but it has been suggested that it was merely an ancient new year's ritual, deliberately misconstrued for the benefit of the indictment process.

paragraph: O'Rourke was arraigned on 28 October 1591 and the indictment was translated for him into Irish by a native speaker. One observer said he declined to plead, but the record states that a plea of not guilty was entered (probably at the direction of the court). The defendant was asked how he wished to be tried and answered that he would submit to trial by jury if he were given a week to examine the evidence, then allowed a good legal advocate, and only if the Queen herself sat in judgment. The judge declined these requests and explained that the jury would try him anyway. O'Rourke responded, ""If they thought good, let it be so"". The trial proceeded and O'Rourke was convicted and sentenced to death.

paragraph: On 3 November 1591, O'Rourke was drawn to Tyburn. On the scaffold Miler Magrath, Archbishop of Cashel, sought the repentance of the condemned man's sins. In response, he was abused by O'Rourke with jibes over his uncertain faith and credit and dismissed as a man of depraved life who had broken his vow by abjuring the rule of the Franciscans. O'Rourke then suffered execution of sentence by hanging and quartering.

paragraph: In his essay on "Customs", Francis Bacon refers to an Irish rebel hanged at London, who requested that the sentence be carried out, not with a rope halter, but with a willow withe – a common instrument amongst the Irish: it is probable that O'Rourke was the rebel referred to.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: O'Rourke's experience as a rebel Irish lord is not remarkable in itself. What is remarkable is the combination used in his downfall: first, the campaign conducted under Fitzwilliam to bring pressure to bear on the borders of Ulster; and then the co-operation of the Scots king with the English, resulting in the first extradition within Britain and a trial for treason committed ""beyond the seas"". Evidence of his treason was used in the trial of Perrot later in the year, which also resulted in conviction, and the subsequent pursuit of an aggressive policy against the lords of Ulster led to the outbreak of the Nine Years War. In the end, O'Rourke had fallen prey to forces that were moving to establish a new polity in Britain, of which James VI became the first monarch little more than a decade later.

paragraph: His eulogy, as recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters, reads:

paragraph: He remains an influential figure in the struggle of Irish lords against English expansionism in the 16th century, and was an early precursor to the generation of Irish nobles who would combat the English in the Nine Years War, which heralded the end of Gaelic Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: O'Rourke married Lady Burke (a daughter of the second Earl of Clanricarde), and then Elenora, daughter of Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond. Among his children were two sons, Brian Oge (his tanist) and Teigue, who succeeded him. The former was instrumental in the Irish victory at the Battle of Curlew Pass during the Nine Years War. O'Rourke's seignory was confiscated and later given to Teigue in the next reign, but in principle Leitrim remained part of the Connaught composition – at Bingham's insistence – and did not suffer as radical a land settlement as Monaghan.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dictionary of National Biography" 60 vols. (London, 2004).

alias:
Brian na Múrtha Ó Ruairc
Brian na Murtha O Ruairc

description: Lord of West Bréifne in Ireland

wikidata_label: Brian O'Rourke

wikipedia_title: Brian O'Rourke


text: freedom of speech

text: censorship

text: American Library Association

text: Freedom to Read Foundation

text: Banned Books Week

text: Communications Decency Act of 1996

text: United States Congress

text: Internet

text: United States Department of Justice

text: USA PATRIOT Act of 2001

text: Children's Internet Protection Act

text: Supreme Court of the United States

text: Internet pornography

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

text: freedom of speech

text: sex education

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: University of Pittsburgh

text: Master of Arts

text: library science

text: University of Chicago

text: thesis

text: John Crerar Library

text: Northwestern University Dental School

text: American Library Association

text: Banned Books Week

text: Freedom to Read Foundation

text: Freedom to Read Foundation

text: legal defense

text: Banned Books Week

text: Communications Decency Act of 1996

text: United States Congress

text: United States Department of Justice

text: USA PATRIOT Act of 2001

text: September 11 attacks

text: Delray Beach

text: Internet pornography

text: Phi Beta Kappa Society

text: Center for Democracy and Technology

text: PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award

text: First Amendment

text: American Civil Liberties Union

text: American Bar Association

text: stomach cancer

text: Evanston Hospital

text: Evanston, Illinois

text: Banned Books Week

text: Censorship in the United States

text: Civil liberties in the United States

text: Freedom of speech in the United States

text: Free speech fights

text: List of librarians

text: List of University of Pittsburgh people

text: Library of Congress

categories: Northwestern University faculty,People from Chicago,1940 births,Free speech activists,People from Evanston, Illinois,Deaths from stomach cancer,American Jews,University of Chicago alumni,American activists,2009 deaths,Deaths from cancer in Illinois,American Civil Liberties Union people,University of Pittsburgh alumni,American librarians,American Library Association people

paragraph: Judith Krug

paragraph: Judith Fingeret Krug (March 15, 1940 – April 11, 2009) was an American librarian, freedom of speech proponent, and critic of censorship. Krug became director of the Office for Intellectual Freedom at the American Library Association in 1967. In 1969, she joined the Freedom to Read Foundation as its executive director. Krug co-founded Banned Books Week in 1982.

paragraph: She coordinated the effort against the Communications Decency Act of 1996, which was the first attempt by the United States Congress to introduce a form of censorship of speech on the Internet. Krug strongly opposed the notion that libraries should censor the material that they provide to patrons. She supported laws and policies protecting the confidentiality of library use records. When the United States Department of Justice used the authority of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 to conduct searches of what once were confidential library databases, Krug raised a public outcry against this activity by the government.

paragraph: In 2003, she was the leader of the initiative to challenge the constitutionality of the Children's Internet Protection Act. Her efforts led to a partial victory for anti-censorship campaigners; the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the law was constitutional, but that filtering software on computers in public libraries could be turned off if so requested by an adult guardian. Krug warned that the filters used to censor Internet pornography from children were not perfect and risked blocking educational information about social matters, sexuality, and healthcare.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Krug was born Judith Fingeret in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on March 15, 1940. Her interest in freedom of speech was fostered from an early age. She recalled reading a book about sex education under the covers in her bedroom with a flashlight at the age of 12. Her mother found her and asked what she was doing. When she held up the book, her mother allowed her to continue reading and told her to turn on the bedroom light so she could read properly and avoid damage to her eyes.

paragraph: Krug studied for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Pittsburgh and graduated in 1962. She received a Master of Arts degree in library science from the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago. Her Master's thesis compared indexing methodologies for accessing works of literature. She married Herbert Krug in 1964; they had two children and five grandchildren.

paragraph: Section::::Library career.

paragraph: Section::::Library career.:Office for Intellectual Freedom director.

paragraph: Krug began her library career in 1962 when she began working as a reference librarian at the John Crerar Library in Chicago. In 1963, she became a cataloguer for the Northwestern University Dental School. She became a research analyst for the American Library Association in 1965, and in 1967 she became director of its Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) upon its foundation. Krug described the role of the OIF as protection of the right of individuals in the U.S. to have comprehensive availability of information, regardless of those who disapprove of the material itself.

paragraph: As director of the OIF, Krug organized publication of a newsletter which recounted instances of censorship in the U.S. and suggested ways to deal with these attempts to limit free speech. She supervised publication of the "Intellectual Freedom Manual", the "Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom", and the events of Banned Books Week. Krug also helped lead the Intellectual Freedom Round Table, the Committee on Professional Ethics, the Freedom to Read Foundation, and the Intellectual Freedom Committee. In 1969, Krug became the first head of the Freedom to Read Foundation, a sister organization to the OIF.

paragraph: The Freedom to Read Foundation was formed to uphold the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and assist with legal defense. In her capacity as director of the OIF, Krug worked to start Banned Books Week in 1982. She coordinated opposition to the Communications Decency Act of 1996, which was the first attempt by the United States Congress to introduce a form of censorship of speech on the Internet.

paragraph: Section::::Library career.:Opposition to library censorship.

paragraph: Krug strongly opposed the notion that libraries ought to censor the material that they provide to patrons. She supported laws and policies protecting the confidentiality of library use records. When the United States Department of Justice used the authority of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 to conduct searches of once-confidential library databases, Krug raised a public outcry against this government action. When shortly after the September 11 attacks a Florida librarian told police that one of the attackers had been using the Delray Beach public libraryalthough Florida law guarantees confidentiality to library patronsKrug criticized the action. She stated she wished the librarian had adhered to Florida law, but empathized with the situation and said that most individuals would likely have done the same thing.

paragraph: In 2003, Krug led the challenge to the constitutionality of the Children's Internet Protection Act. Her efforts led to a partial victory for the Act's opponents; the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the law was constitutional, but that internet filtering software on computers in public libraries could be turned off if so requested by an adult guardian. She said that filters used to censor Internet pornography from children were not perfect and risked blocking educational information about social matters, sexuality, and healthcare. She emphasized the need to educate children about morality instead of using online filters to block information from them. In 2006, she was elected Vice-President of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.

paragraph: Krug served as chair of the Board of Directors of the Center for Democracy and Technology, chair of the Media Coalition, vice-chair of the Internet Education Foundation and was a member of the Advisory Board of GetNetWise. She sat on the 2006 panel of judges for the PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award, which recognizes those who defend the right to freedom of expression in writing enshrined in the First Amendment. Krug also served on the Boards of Directors of the Fund for Free Expression, the Illinois Division of the American Civil Liberties Union, the American Bar Association's Commission on Public Understanding About the Law, and the Advisory Council of the Illinois State Justice Commission.

paragraph: Section::::Death and memorial.

paragraph: After being afflicted with stomach cancer for over a year, Krug died of her illness aged 69 on April 11, 2009, at Evanston Hospital in Evanston, Illinois. The Judith F. Krug Memorial Fund was founded by the American Library Association to ensure that Banned Books Week would remain active after her death. The eighth edition of the "Intellectual Freedom Manual" published in 2010 by the Office for Intellectual Freedom of the American Library Association was dedicated to Krug's memory.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by Judith Krug

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contributor

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Censorship in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Civil liberties in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freedom of the press in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freedom of speech in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Free speech fights

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of librarians

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of University of Pittsburgh people

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intellectual Freedom 2002: Living the Chinese Curse" – Library of Congress' "Luminary Lecture" (Lecture presented by Krug on May 23, 2002), "Library of Congress"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Judith Krug's Testimony before the Commission on Child Online Protection in August 2000, Commission on Child Online Protection

description: librarian and freedom of speech proponent

enwikiquote_title: Judith Krug

wikidata_label: Judith Krug

wikipedia_title: Judith Krug


text:
Swedish
Krákumál
Ulleråker
Uppsala
Ragnarssona þáttr
Sweden
Zealand
Reidgotaland
Jutland
Gotland
Öland
Ivar the Boneless
Lejre
Sweden
Baltic Sea
Mälaren
Uppsala öd
wergild
Zealand
Aslaug
Björn Ironside
Hvitserk
tafl
Ragnar Lodbrok's saga
Ragnar Lodbrok
blót
Uppsala
holy cow
Aslaug
Sigurd
Brynhild
fiery cross
leidang
blót
Ivar the Boneless
Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
Hvitserk
Björn Ironside
Hervarar saga
Harald Wartooth
Sigurd Hring
Björn Ironside
Gesta Danorum
Saxo Grammaticus
Skáldatal
skald
Bragi inn gamli
Erpr lútandi

categories: Semi-legendary kings of Sweden,8th-century monarchs in Europe

paragraph: Eysteinn Beli

paragraph: Eysteinn Beli or "Eysteinn hinn illráði", Swedish: "Östen Illråde" (ill-ruler) or "Östen Beli", was a semi-legendary king of Sweden who would have ruled in the late 8th century.

paragraph: Section::::"Krákumál".

paragraph: According to "Krákumál" (stanza 7), he fell at Ulleråker south of Uppsala.

paragraph: Section::::Ragnarssona þáttr.

paragraph: The apparently oldest version, "Ragnarssona þáttr", relates that Ragnar Lodbrok's sons had left Sweden and conquered Zealand, Reidgotaland (here Jutland), Gotland, Öland and all the minor islands. Ivar the Boneless, the leader, then settled at Lejre with his brothers.

paragraph: Ragnar was jealous with his sons' successes, and set Eysteinn as the jarl of Sweden, telling him to protect Sweden from his sons. He then went east across the Baltic Sea to pillage and to show his own skills.

paragraph: Ragnar's sons Eric and Agnar then sailed into Lake Mälaren and sent a message to king Eysteinn that they wanted him to submit to Ragnar's sons, and Eric said that he wanted Eysteinn's daughter Borghild as wife. Eysteinn said that he first wanted to consult the Swedish chieftains. The chieftains said no to the offer, and ordered an attack on the rebellious sons. A battle ensued and Eric and Agnar were overwhelmed by the Swedish forces, whereupon Agnar died and Eric was taken prisoner.

paragraph: Eysteinn offered Eric as much of Uppsala öd as he wanted, and Borghild, in wergild for Agnar. Eric proclaimed that after such a defeat he wanted nothing but to choose the day of his own death. Eric asked to be impaled on spears that raised him above the dead and his wish was granted.

paragraph: In Zealand, his mother Aslaug and his brothers Björn Ironside and Hvitserk, who had been playing tafl, become upset and sail to Sweden with a large army. Aslaug, calling herself Randalin rides with cavalry across the land.

paragraph: The battle ended with Eysteinn's death. When Ragnar died, Björn Ironside became the king of Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::"Ragnar Lodbrok's saga".

paragraph: "Ragnar Lodbrok's saga" tells that Eysteinn was the king of Sweden and a good friend of Ragnar Lodbrok. Eysteinn had the most beautiful daughter named Ingeborg. He was also a devout pagan and there were so many blóts at Uppsala that no other place had ever been its equal. The Swedes worshiped a holy cow named Sibilja, and when the Swedes were attacked by enemies they had the cow walk in front of the battle formation. The cow's magic was so great that when she began to bellow the enemies began to fight between themselves.

paragraph: When Ragnar Lodbrok was visiting Eysteinn at Uppsala, Eysteinn suggested that Ragnar marry Ingeborg and have her as wife instead of the pauper Aslaug (Kraka). Ragnar consequently betrothed himself to Ingeborg. Eventually, Aslaug found out from three small birds, and told Ragnar that she was no pauper. She was the daughter of Sigurd and Brynhild. As Ragnar understood that Kraka was of better descent that Ingeborg, he decided not to go back to Sweden and wed Eysteinn's daughter.

paragraph: Eysteinn was upset with Ragnar's change of plans and declared that their friendship was no more. This was interesting news to Ragnar's sons Eric and Agnar who decided to go to Sweden and pillage, as their father would not mind anymore.

paragraph: Eysteinn sent the fiery cross in all directions and assembled the Swedish leidang. They also made Sibilja join the army, but they had to blót considerably to make her obey. When they had arrived at the location where Eric and Agnar were camped, Eysteinn ordered one third of the Swedish army to attack Eric and Ragnar's men, while the others would attack from all directions after the battle had begun. This was done and Sibilja began to bellow. Eric and Agnar's warriors began to fight between themselves and eventually Agnar died and Eric was taken captive. Eric was offered both peace and Ingeborg but Eric wanted the Swedes to stick spears into the ground and throw him on top of them so that he would die.

paragraph: When Aslaug heard the news of Eric and Agnar's death, she cried blood, and asked Ragnar's sons to avenge their dead brothers. Ivar the Boneless was afraid of the magic that ruled in Sweden, but when his little brother, the only three year old Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye wanted to attack Eysteinn, the brothers changed their minds.

paragraph: Sigurd's foster-father assembled five longships for him. Hvitserk and Björn Ironside mustered fourteen, while Aslaug and Ivar the Boneless marshalled ten ships each. Ivar would not allow his mother Aslaug to go by sea, but she could join the army of riders that would go across land. She accepted and changed her name to Randalin.

paragraph: When the armies met in battle, Ivar told everyone to make such a din that the bellowing from Sibilja could not be heard. This was of no use, however, and so Ivar shot two arrows in each of Sibilja's eyes. However, the cow could not be stopped. Then Ivar asked his men to throw him on top of the cow. Ivar made himself so heavy as he landed on the cow, that she was crushed.

paragraph: The Swedish leidang was beaten and Eysteinn fell. Ragnar's sons commanded that their brother had been avenged and that the Swedes should be spared pillaging.

paragraph: Section::::"Hervarar saga".

paragraph: The "Hervarar saga" tells that Eysteinn Beli was the son of Harald Wartooth. "Hervarar saga" made Harald Wartooth the king of Sweden and Sigurd Hring the king of Denmark, while other sources have it the other way round. It tells that Eysteinn inherited Sweden from his father Harald Wartooth and ruled it until he was killed by the sons of Ragnar Lodbrok, as told in "Ragnar Lodbrok's saga". When Ragnar died, Björn Ironside became the king of Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::"Gesta Danorum".

paragraph: The "Gesta Danorum" (book 9) by Saxo Grammaticus also mentions Eysteinn, but only in passing. It says that Ragnar Lodbrok's son Agnar learnt that his brother Eric had been slain by Osten, the king of Sweden. He wished to avenge his brother but died in the battle.

paragraph: Section::::"Skáldatal".

paragraph: "Skáldatal" says that Eysteinn Beli was the patron of many skalds, including Bragi inn gamli, Grundi prúði, Erpr lútandi, Kálfr þrænzki, Refr ryzki, Ormr oframi, two named Ölvaldi, Ávaldi, Fleinn skáld and Rögnvaldr skáld.

wikidata_label: Eysteinn Beli

wikipedia_title: Eysteinn Beli