text: Christian

text: monk

text: theologian

text: Byzantine Emperor

text: Heraclius

text: Plotinus

text: Porphyry

text: Iamblichus

text: Proclus

text: Christological

text: Monothelitism

text: Chalcedonian

text: Jesus

text: will

text: venerated

text: Eastern Orthodox

text: Roman Catholic

text: Tsageri

text: Georgia

text: Third Council of Constantinople

text: feast days

text: Confessor

text: martyr

text: monastic vows

text: Philippicus

text: Bosporus

text: Üsküdar

text: abbot

text: Persians

text: Anatolia

text: Carthage

text: Saint Sophronius

text: Gregory of Nazianzus

text: Dionysius the Areopagite

text: exarch

text: Gregory

text: George

text: person

text: Jesus

text: First Council of Nicaea

text: Council of Chalcedon

text: Monothelite

text: dyophysitists

text: miaphysists

text: Nestorianism

text: Chalcedonian

text: hypostatic union

text: Apollinarian

text: monophysitism

text: Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople

text: Pyrrhus

text: Constans II

text: Dyothelite

text: Pope Martin I

text: Lateran Council of 649

text: Lateran Basilica

text: Constans II

text: Constantinople

text: heretic

text: in Egypt

text: North Africa

text: Lazica

text: Colchis

text: Georgia

text: Tsageri

text: Anastasius Bibliothecarius

text: Third Council of Constantinople

text: Ecumenical Council

text: Christ

text: saint

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Congregation for the Causes of Saints

text: Pseudo-Dionysius

text: Neo-Platonic

text: Plotinus

text: Proclus

text: John Scotus Eriugena

text: Charles the Bald

text: theological anthropology

text: exitus-reditus

text: image of God

text: divinization

text: theosis

text: dyophysitism

text: apocatastasis

text: universal reconciliation

text: Origen

text: St. Gregory of Nyssa

text: universal reconciliation

text: Irish

text: Johannes Scotus Eriugena

text: Eastern Christianity

text: Symeon the New Theologian

text: Gregory Palamas

text: Greek

text: Philokalia

text: Orthodox Christian

text: Ambigua ad Iohannem

text: Ambigua ad Thomam

text: Pseudo-Dionysius

text: Gregory of Nazianzus

text: Eriugena

text: Capita XV

text: Capita de caritate

text: Capita theologica et oeconomica

text: Disputatio cum Pyrrho

text: Patriarch Pyrrhus of Constantinople

text: Epistulae

text: Expositio orationis dominicae

text: Expositio in psalmum LIX

text: Liber Asceticus

text: Mystagogia

text: Eucharistic

text: Maximi Epistola ad Anastasium monachum discipulum

text: Opuscula theologica et polemica

text: Quaestiones et dubia

text: Quaestiones ad Thalassium

text: Eriugena

text: Questiones ad Theopemptum

text: Testimonia et syllogismi

text: Scholia

text: Hans Urs von Balthasar

text: John of Scythopolis

text: Life of the Virgin

text: Balthasar, Hans Urs (von)

text: Maximus the Confessor as a European Philosopher

text: Selected works

text: Maximus Confessor

text: Maximus Confessor

text: Summary of Maximus' biography of Mary (mother of Jesus)

text: Uploaded online academic papers on Maximus the Confessor

categories: 7th-century Christian mystics,7th-century Christian theologians,People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar,662 deaths,Christologists,Byzantine saints,7th-century Byzantine writers,Byzantine Christian mystics,Byzantine theologians,7th-century philosophers,Patristic mystics,People convicted of heresy,580 births,7th-century Christian saints,7th-century Byzantine people

paragraph: Maximus the Confessor

paragraph: Maximus the Confessor (), also known as Maximus the Theologian and Maximus of Constantinople (c. 580 – 13 August 662), was a Christian monk, theologian, and scholar.

paragraph: In his early life, Maximus was a civil servant, and an aide to the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. However, he gave up this life in the political sphere to enter into the monastic life. Maximus had studied diverse schools of philosophy, and certainly what was common for his time, the Platonic dialogues, the works of Aristotle, and numerous later Platonic commentators on Aristotle and Plato, like Plotinus, Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Proclus. When one of his friends began espousing the Christological position known as Monothelitism, Maximus was drawn into the controversy, in which he supported an interpretation of the Chalcedonian formula on the basis of which it was asserted that Jesus had both a human and a divine will. Maximus is venerated in both the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. He was eventually persecuted for his Christological positions; following a trial, his tongue and right hand were mutilated.

paragraph: He was then exiled and died on August 13, 662, in Tsageri in present-day Georgia. However, his theology was upheld by the Third Council of Constantinople and he was venerated as a saint soon after his death. It is highly uncommon among the saints that he has two feast days: 13 August and 21 January. His title of "Confessor" means that he suffered for the Christian faith, but was not directly martyred.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life.

paragraph: Very little is known about the details of Maximus' life prior to his involvement in the theological and political conflicts of the Monothelite controversy. Numerous Maximian scholars call substantial portions of the Maronite biography into question, including Maximus' birth in Palestine, which was a common seventh century trope to discredit an opponent. Moreover, the exceptional education Maximus evidently received could not have been had in any other part of the Byzantine Empire during that time except for Constantinople, and possibly Caesarea and Alexandria. It is also very unlikely that anyone of low social birth, as the Maronite biography describes Maximus, could have ascended by the age of thirty to be the Protoasecretis of the Emperor Heraclius, one of the most powerful positions in the Empire. It is more likely that Maximus was born of an aristocratic family and received an unparalleled education in philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, etc. It is true, however, that Maximus did not study rhetoric as he himself notes in the prologue to his Earlier Ambigua to John, to which his lack of high stylistic by Byzantine standards attests. Nevertheless, for reasons not explained in the few autobiographical details to be gleaned from his texts, Maximus left public life and took monastic vows at the monastery of Philippicus in Chrysopolis, a city across the Bosporus from Constantinople (later known as Scutari, the modern Turkish city of Üsküdar). Maximus was elevated to the position of abbot of the monastery.

paragraph: When the Persians conquered Anatolia, Maximus was forced to flee to a monastery near Carthage. It was there that he came under the tutelage of Saint Sophronius, and began studying in detail with him the Christological writings of Gregory of Nazianzus and Dionysius the Areopagite. According to I P Sheldon Williams his achievement was to set these doctrines into a framework of Aristotelian logic, which both suited the temper of the times and made them less liable to misinterpretation. Maximus continued his career as a theological and spiritual writer during his lengthy stay in Carthage. Maximus was also held in very high esteem by the exarch Gregory, the eparch George and the population as a holy man, ostensibly becoming an influential unofficial political advisor and spiritual head in North Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Involvement in Monothelite controversy.

paragraph: While Maximus was in Carthage, a controversy broke out regarding how to understand the interaction between the human and divine natures within the person of Jesus. This Christological debate was the latest development in disagreements that began following the First Council of Nicaea in 325, and were intensified following the Council of Chalcedon in 451. The Monothelite position was developed as a compromise between the dyophysitists and the miaphysists, who believed dyophysitism is conceptually indistinguishable from Nestorianism. The Monothelites adhered to the Chalcedonian definition of the hypostatic union: that two natures, one divine and one human, were united in the person of Christ. However, they went on to say that Christ had only a divine will and no human will (Monothelite is derived from the Greek for "one will"), which led some to charge them with Apollinarian monophysitism.

paragraph: The Monothelite position was promulgated by Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople and by Maximus' friend and successor as the Abbot of Chrysopolis, Pyrrhus. Following the death of Sergius in 638, Pyrrhus succeeded him as Patriarch, but was shortly deposed owing to political circumstances. During Pyrrhus' exile from Constantinople, Maximus and the deposed Patriarch held a public debate on the issue of Monothelitism. In the debate, which was held in the presence of many North African bishops, Maximus took the position that Jesus possessed both a human and a divine will. The result of the debate was that Pyrrhus admitted the error of the Monothelite position, and Maximus accompanied him to Rome in 645. However, on the death of Emperor Heraclius and the accession of Emperor Constans II, Pyrrhus returned to Constantinople and recanted of his acceptance of the Dyothelite ("two wills") position.

paragraph: Maximus may have remained in Rome, because he was present when the newly elected Pope Martin I convened the Lateran Council of 649 at the Lateran Basilica in Rome. The 105 bishops present condemned Monothelitism in the official acts of the synod, which some believe may have been written by Maximus. It was in Rome that Pope Martin and Maximus were arrested in 653 under orders from Constans II, who supported the Monothelite doctrine. Pope Martin was condemned without a trial, and died before he could be sent to the Imperial Capital.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Trial and exile.

paragraph: Maximus' refusal to accept Monothelitism caused him to be brought to the imperial capital of Constantinople to be tried as a heretic in 658. In Constantinople, Monothelitism had gained the favor of both the Emperor and the Patriarch of Constantinople. Maximus stood behind the Dyothelite position and was sent back into exile for four more years. During his trial he was accused of aiding the Muslim conquests in Egypt and North Africa, which he rejected as slander.

paragraph: In 662, Maximus was placed on trial once more, and was once more convicted of heresy. Following the trial Maximus was tortured, having his tongue cut out, so he could no longer speak his rebellion, and his right hand cut off, so that he could no longer write letters. Maximus was then exiled to the Lazica or Colchis region of modern-day Georgia and was cast in the fortress of Schemarum, perhaps Muris-Tsikhe near the modern town of Tsageri. He died soon thereafter, on 13 August 662. The events of the trials of Maximus were recorded by Anastasius Bibliothecarius.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Along with Pope Martin I, Maximus was vindicated by the Third Council of Constantinople (the Sixth Ecumenical Council, 680–681), which declared that Christ possessed both a human and a divine will. With this declaration Monothelitism became heresy, and Maximus was posthumously declared innocent of all charges against him.

paragraph: Maximus is among those Christians who were venerated as saints shortly after their deaths. The vindication of Maximus' theological position made him extremely popular within a generation after his death, and his cause was aided by the accounts of miracles at his tomb. In the Roman Catholic Church the veneration of Maximus began prior to the foundation of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.

paragraph: Maximus is one of the last men to be recognized by both the Orthodox and Catholic Churches as a Father of the Church. In the encyclical "Spe Salvi" (2007), Pope Benedict XVI called Maximus 'the great Greek doctor of the Church', although it's not clear if the Pontiff intended to nominate Maximus 'Doctor of the Church' or to say that he already was one.

paragraph: Section::::Theology.

paragraph: As a student of Pseudo-Dionysius, Maximus was one of many Christian theologians who preserved and interpreted the earlier Neo-Platonic philosophy, including the thought of such figures as Plotinus and Proclus. Maximus' work on Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite was continued by John Scotus Eriugena at the request of Charles the Bald.

paragraph: The Platonic influence on Maximus' thought can be seen most clearly in his theological anthropology. Here, Maximus adopted the Platonic model of exitus-reditus (exit and return), teaching that humanity was made in the image of God, and the purpose of salvation is to restore us to unity with God. This emphasis on divinization or "theosis" helped secure Maximus' place in Eastern theology, as these concepts have always held an important place in Eastern Christianity.

paragraph: Christologically Maximus insisted on a strict dyophysitism, which can be seen as a corollary of the emphasis on "theosis". In terms of salvation, humanity is intended to be fully united with God. This is possible for Maximus because God was first fully united with humanity in the incarnation. If Christ did not become fully human (if, for example, he only had a divine and not a human will), then salvation was no longer possible, as humanity could not become fully divine.

paragraph: Furthermore, in his works Maximus the Confessor argued the unconditionality of the divine incarnation.

paragraph: Regarding salvation, Maximus has been described as a proponent of "apocatastasis" or universal reconciliation, the idea that all rational souls will eventually be redeemed, like Origen and St. Gregory of Nyssa. While this claim has been disputed, others have argued that Maximus shared this belief in universal reconciliation with his most spiritually mature students.

paragraph: Section::::Reception.

paragraph: Maximus' work was translated by the 9th-century Irish philosopher and mystical theologian Johannes Scotus Eriugena. In Eastern Christianity, Maximus has always been influential. The Eastern theologians Symeon the New Theologian and Gregory Palamas are seen as intellectual heirs to Maximus. Further, a number of Maximus' works are included in the Greek "Philokalia", a collection of some of the most influential Orthodox Christian writers.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ambigua ad Iohannem" (Difficult Passages Addressed to John) PG91 1061A-1417C

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ambigua ad Thomam" (Difficult Passages Addressed to Thomas) PG91 1032-1060 – Both the Ambigua to John and Thomas are explorations of difficult passages in the works of Pseudo-Dionysius and Gregory of Nazianzus, focusing on Christological issues. This also was later translated by Eriugena.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capita XV" (Fifteen Chapters) PG90 1177-1185

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capita de caritate" (Centuries on Love) PG90 959-1082 - Work in the ascetic style of the 'century', where groups of one hundred short sayings are used as meditations during prayer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capita theologica et oeconomica" (Chapters on Theology and the Economy) PG 90 1084-1173 - A work in the ascetic style of the 'century', where groups of one hundred short sayings are used as meditations during prayer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Disputatio cum Pyrrho" (Dispute with Pyrrhus) PG91 288-353 – anti-monotholete treatise in conversation with Patriarch Pyrrhus of Constantinople

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Epistulae" (Letters) PG91 364-649

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Expositio orationis dominicae" (Commentary on the Lord's Prayer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Expositio in psalmum LIX"(Commentary on Psalm 59)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Liber Asceticus" (On the Ascetic Life) - a discussion on the monastic rule of life.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mystagogia" (Mystagogy) PG91 658-718 – A commentary and meditation on the Eucharistic liturgy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maximi Epistola ad Anastasium monachum discipulum" (Letter of Maximus to Anastasius the Monk and Disciple)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Opuscula theologica et polemica" (Small Theological and Polemical Works) PG91 9-285

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quaestiones et dubia" (Questions and Doubtful Passages)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quaestiones ad Thalassium" (Questions Addressed to Thalassius) – a lengthy exposition on various Scriptural texts. This was later translated by Eriugena.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Questiones ad Theopemptum" (Questions Addressed to Theopemptus)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Testimonia et syllogismi" (Testimonies and Syllogisms)

paragraph: Attributed Texts

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scholia" – commentary on the earlier writings of Pseudo-Dionysius. The original edition in Latin of Balthasar Corderius (Antwerp 1634) attributes all of the Scholia to Maximus, but the authorship has been questioned with Hans Urs von Balthasar (1940, 1961) attributing some of the Scholia to John of Scythopolis.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life of the Virgin" – earliest complete biography of Mary, the mother of Jesus. This is an attributed work and now believed not to be by Maximus the Confessor. Jankowiak and Booth argue that "none of Maximus' characteristic preoccupations appear in the "Life", and in turn none of the "Life' "s central themes appear in the fleeting Marian reflections contained within his genuine corpus". They also write that there is no Greek manuscript witnessing the text, no evidence that any key thinkers who draw on Maximus were aware of the "Life' "s existence and that no record of the "Life" as a work exists prior to the second half of the tenth century.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:Collections of Maximus' writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maximus Confessor: Selected Writings (Classics of Western Spirituality)". Ed. George C. Berthold. Paulist Press, 1985. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the Cosmic Mystery of Jesus Christ: Selected Writings from St. Maximus the Confessor (St. Vladimir's Seminary Press "Popular Patristics" Series)". Ed. & Trans Paul M. Blowers, Robert Louis Wilken. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2004. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "St. Maximus the Confessor: The Ascetic Life, The Four Centuries on Charity (Ancient Christian Writers)". Ed. Polycarp Sherwood. Paulist Press, 1955. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maximus the Confessor (The Early Church Fathers)" Intro. & Trans. Andrew Louth. Routledge, 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maximus the Confessor and his Companions (Documents from Exile) (Oxford Early Christian Texts)". Ed. and Trans. Pauline Allen, Bronwen Neil. Oxford University Press, 2004. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On Difficulties in the Church Fathers: The Ambigua: Volume I, Maximos the Confessor". Ed. and Trans. Nicholas Constas. London: Harvard University Press, 2014. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On Difficulties in the Church Fathers: The Ambigua: Volume II, Maximos the Confessor". Ed. and Trans. Nicholas Constas. London: Harvard University Press, 2014. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Philokalia: The Complete Test compiled by St Nikodimos of the Holy Mountain and St Makarios of Corinth: Volume II". Ed. and Trans. G.E.H. Palmer, Philip Sherrard, Kallistos Ware. London: Faber and Faber, 1981. .

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:On the theology of Saint Maximus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Balthasar, Hans Urs (von). "Cosmic Liturgy: The Universe According to Maximus the Confessor". Ignatius Press, 2003. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cooper, Adam G. "The body in St Maximus Confessor: Holy Flesh, Wholly Deified". Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford University Press, 2005. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lauritzen, Frederick. "Pagan energies in Maximus the Confessor: the influence of Proclus on the Ad Thomam 5" in Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies 52.2 (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Loudovikos, Nikolaos, Protopresbyter. "He Eucharistiake Ontologia: Ta Eucharistiaka Themelia Tou Einai, Hos En Koinonia Ginnesthai, Sten Eschatologike Ontologia Tou Hagiou Maximou Tou Homologete". Published in Greek. Translated Title: "Eucharistic Ontology: The Eucharistic Fundaments of Being as Becoming in Communion, in the Eschatological Ontology of St. Maximus the Confessor". Ekdoseis Domos, Athens, Greece, 1992. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mitralexis, Sotiris. "Ever-Moving Repose: A Contemporary Reading of Maximus the Confessor's Theory of Time". Veritas. Cascade, 2017. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mitralexis, Sotiris, Georgios Steiris, Marcin Podbielski, Sebastian Lalla. "Maximus the Confessor as a European Philosopher" Veritas. Cascade, 2017. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nichols, Aidan. "Byzantine Gospel: Maximus the Confessor in Modern Scholarship". T. & T. Clark Publishers, 1994. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hieromonk Artemije Radosavljević, Τὸ Μυστήριον τῆς Σωτηρίας κατὰ τὸν Ἅγιον Μάξιμον τὸν Ὁμολογητήν. Αθήνα, 1975. English version: Bishop Artemije Radosavljević Why Did God Become Man? The Unconditionality of the Divine Incarnation. Deification as the End and Fulfillment of Salvation According to St. Maximos the Confessor — Source: Τὸ Μυστήριον... [The mystery of salvation according to St. Maximos the Confessor] (Athens: 1975), pp. 180–196

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thunberg, Lars. "Microcosm and Mediator: The Theological Anthropology of Maximus the Confessor." Second Edition. Open Court, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tollefsen, Torstein Theodor. "The Christocentric Cosmology of St Maximus the Confessor". Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford University Press, 2008. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Törönen, Melchisedec. "Union and Distinction in the Thought of Maximus the Confessor". Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford University Press, 2007.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selected works of Saint Maximus Confessor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maximus Confessor in the Catholic Forum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maximus Confessor in the Orthodox Church in America

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greek Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Summary of Maximus' biography of Mary (mother of Jesus) by Commonweal magazine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uploaded online academic papers on Maximus the Confessor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marek Jankowiak, Phil Booth, A New Date-List of the Works of Maximus the Confessor

alias:
Maximus of Constantinople
Maximus the Theologian

description: Christian saint and theologian

enwikiquote_title: Maximus the Confessor

wikidata_label: Maximus the Confessor

wikipedia_title: Maximus the Confessor


text:
heavy metal
Manowar
Magic Circle Music
Manowar
Eric Adams
Godspell
Black Sabbath
Heaven and Hell
Magic Circle Music
Rhapsody of Fire
HolyHell
Manowar discography
Official Manowar website

categories: American people of Calabrian descent,20th-century American guitarists,Auburn High School (Auburn, New York) alumni,American male bass guitarists,Manowar members,Guitarists from New York (state),American people of Italian descent,Italian American heavy metal musicians,American heavy metal bass guitarists,People from Auburn, New York,Musicians from New York (state),American rock bass guitarists,20th-century American bass guitarists,1954 births,Living people,American male guitarists

paragraph: Joey DeMaio

paragraph: Joey DeMaio (born March 6, 1954) is an American bass player and main songwriter for the heavy metal band Manowar which he founded in 1980. He is also the founder and CEO of Magic Circle Music.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He is a childhood friend of Manowar singer Eric Adams. DeMaio played bass in several school bands. In the 1970s he toured with the musical Godspell (premiere in 1971 in New York City), taking musical lessons with the conductor.

paragraph: He worked as a pyro-tech for Black Sabbath during their "Heaven and Hell" tour.

paragraph: In 2006, shortly after creating the record label Magic Circle Music, he became a manager of the Italian metal band Rhapsody of Fire. He is also a producer for the band HolyHell.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manowar discography

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Manowar website

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Joey DeMaio

wikipedia_title: Joey DeMaio


text: baseball

text: pitcher

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Oklahoma City Dodgers

text: St. Joseph High School

text: Fresno City College

text: California Angels

text: 1992 MLB Draft

text: Boise Hawks

text: Northwest League

text: Cedar Rapids Kernels

text: Lake Elsinore Storm

text: California League

text: Midland Angels

text: Texas League

text: Vancouver Canadians

text: Pacific Coast League

text: McKay Christensen

text: Andrew Lorraine

text: John Snyder

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Jim Abbott

text: Tim Fortugno

text: Nashville Sounds

text: Tommy John surgery

text: Detroit Tigers

text: Charlotte Knights

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Las Vegas 51s

text: Long Island Ducks

text: Seattle Mariners

text: Tacoma Rainiers

text: Mexican League

text: Ogden Raptors

text: Pioneer Baseball League

text: Great Lakes Loons

text: Rancho Cucamonga Quakes

text: Tulsa Drillers

text: Texas League

text: Oklahoma City Dodgers

text: Pacific Coast League

categories: Long Island Ducks players,Cedar Rapids Kernels players,Boise Hawks players,Minor league baseball coaches,Chicago White Sox players,Calgary Cannons players,Baseball coaches from California,Fresno City Rams baseball players,American expatriate baseball players in Mexico,Baseball players from California,Gulf Coast Dodgers players,Lake Elsinore Storm players,Midland Angels players,Acereros de Monclova players,Charlotte Knights players,1971 births,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,American expatriate baseball players in Canada,Nashville Sounds players,Tacoma Rainiers players,Las Vegas 51s players,Mexican League baseball pitchers

paragraph: Bill Simas

paragraph: William Anthony Simas (born November 28, 1971) was a former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Chicago White Sox from 1995-2000. He is currently the pitching coach for the AAA Oklahoma City Dodgers.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Simas played amateur ball at St. Joseph High School and at Fresno City College. He was drafted by the California Angels in the 6th round of the 1992 MLB Draft. He remained with the Angels organization through 1995, playing with the Boise Hawks (Class A Northwest League), Cedar Rapids Kernels & Lake Elsinore Storm (Class A-Advanced California League), Midland Angels (Class AA Texas League) and Vancouver Canadians (Class AAA Pacific Coast League).

paragraph: On July 27, 1995 he was traded (with McKay Christensen, Andrew Lorraine and John Snyder) to the Chicago White Sox for Jim Abbott and Tim Fortugno. After starting in AAA with the Nashville Sounds, Simas made his Major League debut on August 15 against the Angels, pitching a scoreless inning of relief. He made 14 relief appearances for the White Sox in 1995, with a 2.57 ERA.

paragraph: Simas became a solid member of the White Sox bullpen through 2000, and had an 18-19 record and 3.83 ERA in 308 Major League games, including saving 23 games. He underwent Tommy John surgery in December 2000 and missed the entire 2001 season.

paragraph: He was signed as a minor league free agent by the Detroit Tigers on February 20, 2002 but was not fully recovered from his surgery and did not appear in any games in the system before he was released on May 23. He was re-signed by the White Sox on May 25 and pitched in 28 games with the Charlotte Knights in AAA. He signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers on February 21, 2003 that contained a spring training invitation. He appeared in 26 games for the Las Vegas 51s with a 1.96 ERA. He also started 3 games, the first time he had started since 1992 with Boise.

paragraph: He pitched for the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball in 2004 before he was picked up in August by the Seattle Mariners and got into 9 late season games for the Tacoma Rainiers. After spending 2005 in the Mexican League he was out of baseball until 2009-2010 when he returned to pitch for the Ducks again.

paragraph: He retired from baseball in 2011 and became the pitching coach for the Ogden Raptors, the Dodgers rookie-class team in the Pioneer Baseball League. He was promoted to pitching coach for the Class-A Great Lakes Loons in 2013 and to the advanced-A Rancho Cucamonga Quakes in 2015. In 2016, he was named pitching coach for the AA Tulsa Drillers of the Texas League. For the 2018 season he was promoted to the pitching coach for the AAA Oklahoma City Dodgers of the Pacific Coast League.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Bill Simas

wikipedia_title: Bill Simas


text: British

text: International Court of Justice

text: European Court of Human Rights

text: Dulwich

text: Paisley

text: Scotland

text: Aldenham School

text: Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge

text: Cambridge University Liberal Club

text: President of the Cambridge Union

text: London

text: Cambridge

text: international law

text: Whewell Professor of International Law

text: Liverpool University

text: comparative law

text: International Court of Justice

text: The Hague

text: European Court of Human Rights

text: Strasbourg

text: CBE

text: King's Counsel

text: Clement John McNair

text: Stephen M. Schwebel

text: Discussion

text: Dinner

text: 11-12 July 2008

categories: 1885 births,Presidents of the European Court of Human Rights,Whewell Professors of International Law,People educated at Aldenham School,Fellows of the British Academy,British judges,British judges of international courts and tribunals,International law scholars,Members of Gray's Inn,Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge,1975 deaths,Presidents of the International Court of Justice,Presidents of The Cambridge Union,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,People associated with the University of Liverpool,British judges of United Nations courts and tribunals

paragraph: Arnold McNair, 1st Baron McNair

paragraph: Arnold Duncan McNair, 1st Baron McNair (4 March 1885 – 22 May 1975), was a British legal scholar, university teacher, judge of the International Court of Justice and later the first president of the European Court of Human Rights.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Early life and education.

paragraph: The eldest son of John McNair of Dulwich (but originally of Paisley, Scotland) and Jeannie Ballantyne, McNair was educated at Aldenham School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he read law. From 1907 to 1908 he was Secretary of Cambridge University Liberal Club, and in 1909 he was President of the Cambridge Union.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Academic career.

paragraph: After practising as a solicitor in London, McNair returned to Cambridge in 1912 to become a fellow of his old college. He later became senior tutor. In 1917 he was called to the Bar, Gray’s Inn. McNair had taken an interest in international law from an early age, and in 1935 he was appointed Whewell Professor of International Law at Cambridge. However, he left this chair already in 1937 to become Vice-Chancellor of Liverpool University. He remained in Liverpool until 1945, when he returned to Cambridge to take up the position of professor of comparative law.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:International court appointments.

paragraph: The following year McNair was elected a judge of the International Court of Justice in The Hague, a post he held until 1955, and was also president of the Court from 1952 to 1955. He later served as the first President of the European Court of Human Rights at Strasbourg from 1959 to 1965.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: McNair was created a CBE in 1918 and knighted and made a King's Counsel in 1943. In 1955 he was raised to the peerage as Baron McNair, of Gleniffer in the County of Renfrew.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lord McNair married Marjorie Bailhache, daughter of Sir Clement Meacher Bailhache, in 1912. They had four children, one son and three daughters. Lord McNair died in May 1975, aged 90. He was succeeded in the barony by his only son Clement John McNair.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Remarks of Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel during Discussion and Dinner at the 25th Anniversary Conference of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law on 11-12 July 2008

description: British judge

wikidata_label: Arnold McNair, 1st Baron McNair

wikipedia_title: Arnold McNair, 1st Baron McNair


text:
Italian
Trevi fountain
Rome
Academy of Arcadia
Antonio Canevari
Portugal
Clement XII
Saint John Lateran
Trevi
Alessandro Galilei
fountain
Ferdinando Fuga
Luigi Vanvitelli
Pietro Bracci

categories: 1697 births,Artists from Rome,1751 deaths,Italian Baroque architects

paragraph: Nicola Salvi

paragraph: Nicola Salvi or Niccolò Salvi (6 August 1697 (Rome) – 8 February 1751 (Rome)) was an Italian architect; among his few projects completed is the famous Trevi fountain in Rome, Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Admitted to the Roman Academy of Arcadia in 1717, Salvi became an architect only after studies in mathematics and philosophy. His mentor in architecture was Antonio Canevari, who served also as consulting architect of the king of Portugal. In 1728, Canevari left for Lisbon, and Salvi continued his commissions in Rome. Among these were ephemeral decorations and small decorative projects. In Rome, the patronage for building of large structures had declined relative to the past century.

paragraph: In 1732, competitions were held by Pope Clement XII for two large projects. One was to create a new façade for the church of Saint John Lateran, and another was for a public fountain at Trevi. The former completion was won by Alessandro Galilei, though Salvi’s design had much praise. Salvi’s design for the fountain however was chosen instead of plans by Ferdinando Fuga and his friend Luigi Vanvitelli. Salvi did not live to see the fountain completed in 1762 by his friend Pietro Bracci.

paragraph: Salvi's other remaining works are few: he rebuilt the

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Schiavo," The Trevi Fountain and other works of Nicola Salvi", Rome 1956

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. Portuguese," Nicola Salvi"," in" Baroque Rome, Rome 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. Kieven," Nicola Salvi and Luigi Vanvitelli at Rome", in" 'Luigi Vanvitelli and his circle", edited by C. De Seta, Naples, 2000, p. 53-78

description: Italian architect

wikidata_label: Nicola Salvi

wikipedia_title: Nicola Salvi


text:
Concord, Massachusetts
outfield
Brooklyn Robins

categories: 1901 births,Reading Keystones players,Brooklyn Robins players,Baseball players from Massachusetts,People from Concord, Massachusetts,Bridgeport Americans players,Louisville Colonels (minor league) players,Evansville Evas players,Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players,Waltham/Worcester Rosebuds players,Fitchburg Foxes players,1972 deaths,Major League Baseball outfielders,Wilmington Pirates players,New Haven Bulldogs players

paragraph: Dick Loftus

paragraph: Richard Joseph Loftus (March 7, 1901 in Concord, Massachusetts – January 21, 1972), was a former professional baseball player who played outfield from for the Brooklyn Robins in the 1924 & 1925 seasons.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Dick Loftus

wikipedia_title: Dick Loftus


text: author

text: educator

text: pro-democracy advocate

text: Socrates Café

text: Public Radio International

text: Johnny Appleseed

text: Foreword Reviews

text: Adam Braun

text: Menchville High School

text: College of William & Mary

text: M.A.T.

text: Teaching

text: Montclair State University

text: external degree

text: Master of Science

text: Delta State University

text: Edith Cowan University

text: Socrates cafe

text: Marc Sautet

text: Café Philosophique

text: Jeffersonian

text: New York University

text: Socrates Café

text: Socratic dialogue

text: Walter Kaufmann

text: Matthew Lipman

text: Justus Buchler

text: ChristopherPhillips.com

categories: Montclair State University alumni,1959 births,College of William & Mary alumni,20th-century American philosophers,21st-century American philosophers

paragraph: Christopher Phillips

paragraph: Christopher Phillips (born July 15, 1959) is an American author, educator, consultant, lecturer, and pro-democracy advocate. He is best known for his 2001 book "Socrates Café". Public Radio International called Phillips the "Johnny Appleseed of Philosophy."

paragraph: Phillips's latest book "A Child At Heart: Unlocking Your Creativity, Curiosity and Reason at Every Age and Stage of Life" was published in March 2018. Foreword Reviews and Adam Braun both praised it.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: According to Phillips, he read Plato's Socratic dialogues when he was about 12. After graduating from Menchville High School, he received a BA in Government from the College of William & Mary; In 1997, he earned an M.A.T. in Teaching from Montclair State University, and studied in the Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children. In 2000, he earned an M.A. external degree in Humanities, with an emphasis in philosophy, at California State University, Dominguez Hills; He also has a Master of Science in natural sciences degree from Delta State University, which was the first of his master's degrees. Phillips received a Ph.D. in communications from Edith Cowan University in Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Cafés.

paragraph: Phillips was a school teacher and newspaper reporter, then editorial consultant and freelancer for national magazines, before starting Socrates cafes, Socratic discussion meetings in a variety of venues such as cafés, nursing homes, churches, schools (where the gatherings are sometimes called Philosophers' Club, also the name of his first children's book), and prisons. Phillips' idea of having open-invitation meetings in cafes to discuss philosophy was inspired in part by Matthew Lipman, the founder of the Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children who advocated introducing philosophy into schools and under whom Phillips studied, as well as by Marc Sautet, whose Café Philosophique Phillips became aware of after reading an article about Sautet while teaching in the Mississippi Delta.

paragraph: In his penultimate book "Constitution Café", Phillips details a journey across the US promoting discussions with a version of the Socratic Method that he developed for the Socrates Cafés, combined with the Jeffersonian idea of democratic freedom and inclusiveness. He has since worked on the Declaration Project, a comprehensive collection of declarations of independence, causes, rights, and principles from across the ages and continents, as well as the Constitutional Cafe and the Democracy Cafe initiatives that discuss constitutional changes in the United States. Phillips also founded a for-profit consulting service, Socrates Group.

paragraph: Section::::Academic career.

paragraph: Phillips was a 2012 recipient of the Distinguished American Leadership Award, along with Adam Braun, founder of Pencils of Promise. Phillips has also taught in the graduate program "Media, Culture and Communication" at New York University, and at the University of Pennsylvania as a Senior Writing Fellow. He has been Senior Education Fellow at the National Constitution Center and 2014-15 Network Fellow at the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University. He also blogs the SocratesCafe.com site and writes occasionally for the Zocalo Public Square.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.:Books.

paragraph: The books published by Phillips are (the ISBNs refer to paperback editions, where available):

paragraph: BULLET::::- :"Constitution Cafe: Jefferson's Brew for a True Revolution" () (W.W. Norton, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Socrates In Love: Philosophy for a Die-Hard Romantic" () (W.W. Norton, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Six Questions of Socrates: A Modern-Day Journey of Discovery through World Philosophy" () (W.W. Norton, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Socrates Café: A Fresh Taste of Philosophy" () (W.W. Norton, 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Child At Heart: Unlocking Your Creativity, Curiosity and Reason at Every Age and Stage of Life (Skyhorse, 2018),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ceci Ann's Day of Why" () (Penguin Random House, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Philosophers' Club" () (Penguin Random House, 2004)

paragraph: Section::::Published works.:Papers.

paragraph: Phillips wrote, among many others, the following papers:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coalition" "M/C Journal", Vol. 13, No. 6 (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Austrian Philosopher Who Showed that Words Can Spark Humanism -- Or Barbarism"," Zocalo Public Square, Jan. 31, 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philosophical Counseling: An Ancient Practice Is Being Rejuvenated," Thinking: The Journal of Philosophy for Children, Vol. 14, Issue 1, 1998, pp. 48–49

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daring to Revise America's Sacred Text", San Francisco Chronicle, Opinion Page, July 3, 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Socratic Inquiry for All Ages", Vol. 8, No. 15, 2012, Childhood & Philosophy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Why aren't kids part of 'All men are created equal'?", Huffington Post, December 9, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live Like Picasso: Nurturing Fluid Intelligence and an 'Artistic Dimension", Huffington Post, December 19, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Efficacy of the Lipmanian Approach to Teaching Philosophy for Children", Childhood & Philosophy, Vol. 7, No. 13, 2011

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Socrates Café

paragraph: BULLET::::- Socratic dialogue

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter Kaufmann

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthew Lipman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justus Buchler

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ChristopherPhillips.com official website

description: American author

wikidata_label: Christopher Phillips

wikipedia_title: Christopher Phillips


text: venture capital

text: Elevation Partners

text: private equity

text: Silver Lake Partners

text: T. Rowe Price

text: Flying Other Brothers

text: Moonalice

text: San Francisco Chronicle

text: T. Rowe Price

text: Tuck School of Business

text: venture capital

text: Electronic Arts

text: Sybase

text: IPO

text: Kleiner Perkins

text: Silver Lake Partners

text: Bono

text: Palm, Inc.

text: Forbes

text: Facebook

text: Flying Other Brothers

text: Moonalice

text: persona

text: The Doobie Brothers

text: Moonalice

text: Moonalice

text: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

text: Moonalice

text: Moonalice

text: The New York Times

text: Wikimedia Foundation

text: Bill Gates

text: The Road Ahead

text: Mark Zuckerberg

text: Facebook

text: Portfolio.com

text: USA Today

text: The Guardian

text: CNBC

text: Time Well Spent

text: House of Commons

text: musical theorist

text: singer/songwriter

text: Ann McNamee

text: Ndovo Foundation

text: Tembo Preserve

text: Moonalice Web Site

text: Doobie Decibel System Web Site

text: Flying Other Brothers Web Site

text: Roger McNamee

text: "Charlie Rose"

text: Roger McNamee

categories: Tuck School of Business alumni,American guitarists,Musicians from Albany, New York,Private equity and venture capital investors,Yale University alumni,American rock guitarists,20th-century American guitarists,Silver Lake Partners,1956 births,Businesspeople from New York (state),Guitarists from New York (state),Living people,American financiers,American financial company founders,Wikimedia Foundation Advisory Board members,American male guitarists,Philanthropists from New York (state)

paragraph: Roger McNamee

paragraph: Roger Burroughs McNamee (born May 2, 1956) is an American businessman, investor, venture capitalist and musician. He is the founding partner of the venture capital firm Elevation Partners. Prior to co-founding the firm, McNamee co-founded private equity firm Silver Lake Partners and headed the T. Rowe Price Science and Technology Fund.

paragraph: McNamee is also a touring musician, first as a founding member of the Flying Other Brothers, and more recently in that group's follow-on band, Moonalice. Between the two groups, McNamee estimated that he had played 800 shows in an April 13, 2009 article in the "San Francisco Chronicle."

paragraph: Section::::Career at T. Rowe Price.

paragraph: McNamee joined T. Rowe Price as an analyst in 1982, after receiving his M.B.A. from the Tuck School of Business.

paragraph: By 1989 he was leading the firm's Science & Technology Fund, a period when the fund returned about 17% annually to investors and, in a move atypical for mutual funds, he made venture capital investments in Electronic Arts (which went public in 1989) and Sybase (which had its IPO in 1991).

paragraph: Section::::Integral Capital Partners.

paragraph: In 1991 McNamee co-founded Integral Capital Partners with John Powell and venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins to invest in expansion stage private companies and growth-stage public companies.

paragraph: Section::::Silver Lake Partners.

paragraph: In 1999, McNamee was one of the founding partners of leveraged buyout firm Silver Lake Partners.

paragraph: Section::::Elevation Partners.

paragraph: In 2004, McNamee co-founded Elevation Partners along with a number of other investors including U2 frontman Bono. He currently serves as its Managing Director. Elevation Partners investments have included Palm, Inc., Forbes, and Facebook.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: McNamee is also a musician. He played in the band Flying Other Brothers from 1997 to 2006, and now plays with the band Moonalice, using the stage persona of "Chubby Wombat Moonalice." In 2014 he formed a duo with Jason Crosby called the Doobie Decibel System. In 2015, The Doobie Brothers sued the band over the name.

paragraph: Section::::Music and technology.

paragraph: With Elevation Partners "perhaps best known for its early investment in Facebook," McNamee said in 2013, for him, “music and technology have converged.” He became expert on Facebook by using it to promote ... Moonalice, and now is focusing on video by live-streaming its concerts. He says musicians and top professionals share “the almost desperate need to dive deep.” This capacity to obsess seems to unite top performers in music and other fields.

paragraph: McNamee is the co-writer of the Moonalice song "It's 4:20 Somewhere". In August 2012 the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame announced that the digital logs for "It’s 4:20 Somewhere" had been acquired for its library and archives, describing the Moonalice logs as helping to "...tell the story of music’s digital revolution; specifically the rise of direct-from-artist (DFA) distribution. Moonalice is the first band without a label to achieve one million downloads of a song from its own servers, direct-from-artist. “It’s 4:20 Somewhere” has been downloaded over 4.6 million times".

paragraph: Section::::Relationship with Wikipedia.

paragraph: According to "The New York Times", McNamee has been instrumental in arranging at least two $500,000 donations to the Wikimedia Foundation. Roger McNamee is a member of the Wikimedia Foundation's advisory board, and acts "as a special advisor to the Executive Director on business and strategy issues."

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: Bill Gates wrote in his book "The Road Ahead": "Roger was a great sounding board for many of the ideas I wrote about". Mark Zuckerberg (who met McNamee in summer 2006 at a time when Facebook reportedly had buyout offers of around $750 million) said McNamee was "emphatic" that Facebook not be sold; Zuckerberg stated he "clearly cared about building something long-term and about the impact of the things we build as opposed to just making money in the short term," advice that Portfolio.com called "prescient": in October 2007, Facebook sold just 1.6 percent of the company to Microsoft for $240 million. McNamee himself confirmed that.

paragraph: Section::::Haight Street Art Center.

paragraph: McNamee has been heavily involved in the creation of the Haight Street Art Center which celebrates San Francisco's tradition of music-related poster art. He donated $1 million to help fund the Center, and has committed an additional $1 million to help keep it operating.

paragraph: Section::::Criticism of Facebook.

paragraph: An early investor in Facebook, McNamee became very critical of its impact on society and US democracy, as expressed in his Op-Eds for "USA Today" and "The Guardian" Earlier, on CNBC, he said that he had tried to warn Facebook about the impact of Russian meddling in the 2016 U.S. elections. He has also been interviewed by NPR on the topic. As part of this effort, McNamee joined Time Well Spent as a Founding Advisor.

paragraph: In May 2019, he appeared before an international House of Commons privacy and ethics committee in Ottawa, calling for governments to temporarily shut down Facebook and other social media sites until they reform.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: McNamee wrote the book, Zucked: Waking Up to the Facebook Catastrophe, published by Penguin Press February 5th, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: McNamee has been married to the musical theorist and singer/songwriter Ann McNamee since 1983, and with her is a co-founder of the Ndovo Foundation now known as Tembo Preserve.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger McNamee: What Is the Hypernet? - Huffington Post

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moonalice Web Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doobie Decibel System Web Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flying Other Brothers Web Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interviews

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger McNamee on "Charlie Rose"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger McNamee 3/14/2019 on PBS Newshour - The dangers of our ‘new data economy,’ and how to avoid them

description: American musician

enwikiquote_title: Roger McNamee

wikidata_label: Roger McNamee

wikipedia_title: Roger McNamee


text:
Maillezais Abbey
Vendée
Benedictine
manuscript
Cicero
William IX of Aquitaine
First Crusade

categories: 11th-century historians,French chroniclers,Benedictines,11th-century French writers

paragraph: Pierre de Maillezais

paragraph: Pierre de Maillezais was the author of a chronicle history in two volumes of Maillezais Abbey, which was located in present-day Vendée, France.

paragraph: This author, a Benedictine monk, is otherwise little known in terms of hard facts; the manuscript of the chronicle, shortened Latin title "Qualiter fuit constructum Malliacense monasterium" is now dated to c. 1060; or c. 1070, and relating to a foundation "myth". Older works make the author abbot, and place him somewhat later. He is reputed as an admirer of Cicero, founder of a library, and a follower of William IX of Aquitaine on the First Crusade.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yves Chauvin and Georges Pon (2001), "La fondation de l’abbaye de Maillezais: récit du moine Pierre"

wikidata_label: Pierre de Maillezais

wikipedia_title: Pierre de Maillezais


text:
Netherlands
Apeldoorn
Netherlands
ambient
modern classical music
minimalism
drone
field recording
lowercase
Spekk
Dekorder
Digitalis
Experimedia
Staalplaat
Ralph Steinbrüchel
Aaron Martin
Peter Broderick
Frans de Waard
Wouter van Veldhoven
Simon Nabatov
Xela
Simon Scott
Steve Roden
Gareth Davis
Tim Catlin
Rotterdam
Staalplaat
WORM
Stephen Vitiello
Peter Broderick
Celer
Stephen Vitiello
Peter Broderick
Romke Kleefstra
Staalplaat
Mats Gustafsson
Celer
Steve Roden
Celer
Peter Broderick
First Terrace Records
Rob Voerman
Steve Roden
Imants Ziedonis
Schouwburgplein
Stedelijk Museum
IFFR
Sol LeWitt
Mike Hoolboom
Alvin Karpis
Astroneer

categories: 1978 births,People from Apeldoorn,Living people,Dutch electronic musicians

paragraph: Machinefabriek

paragraph: Machinefabriek is the musical nom de plume of musician/sound artist and graphic designer Rutger Zuydervelt from the Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Rutger Zuydervelt was born on 28 July 1978 in Apeldoorn, Netherlands. He started working as Machinefabriek in 2004.

paragraph: Except for a few piano and guitar lessons when he was young, Zuydervelt didn’t study music. He graduated as a graphic designer. The sleeves of his releases are practically always designed by Zuydervelt himself, being a crucial part of the music.

paragraph: Machinefabriek’s music combines elements of ambient, modern classical music, minimalism, drone, field recordings and lowercase. His pieces unfold as ‘films without image’, with a sharp ear for detail. After releasing a series of self-released CD-Rs, the official debut, ‘Marijn’, was issued by Lampse in 2006. Since then a solid stream of singles and albums was released on labels like Type, Home Normal, 12K, Spekk, Dekorder, Digitalis, Experimedia and Staalplaat.

paragraph: Performing live has been an important expression for Machinefabriek. He took his gear to Russia, Israel, Japan, Canada, Switzerland, Spain, Czech Republic, Germany, Turkey and England.

paragraph: Rutger collaborated with many artists, among whom Ralph Steinbrüchel, Aaron Martin, Peter Broderick, Frans de Waard, Wouter van Veldhoven, Simon Nabatov, Xela, Simon Scott, Steve Roden, Gareth Davis and Tim Catlin. Rutger also works with visual artists. He scored music for dance pieces, films, video installations and sculptures.

paragraph: Zuydervelt resides in Rotterdam.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo recordings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marijn" (2006, Lampse/Burning World Recordings, CD, LP)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lenteliedjes" (2006, Type Recordings, mini-CD-R, 7")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bijeen" (2007, Kning Disk, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ranonkel" (2008, Burning World Records, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dauw" (2008, Dekorder, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mort Aux Vaches" (2008, Staalplaat, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shuffle" (2009, self-released, CDr)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daas" (compilation, 2009, Cold Spring, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vloed" (compilation, 2010, Cold Spring, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diorama" (compilation, 2011, self-released, CDr)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sol Sketches" (2011, self-released, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Veldwerk" (compilation, 2011, Cold Spring, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Colour Tones" (2012, Fang Bomb, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "15/15" (2012, WORM, 12 inch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stroomtoon" (2012, Nuun Records, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drum Solos" (2014, Backwards, 12 Inch Vinyl)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cello Recycling | Cello Drowning]" with Aaron Martin (2007, Type Records, CD, 10")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Box Music" with Stephen Vitiello (2008, 12k, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blank Grey Canvas Sky" with Peter Broderick (2009, Fang Bomb, CD, LP, mp3)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Glisten" with Tim Catlin (2009, Low Point, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drape" with Gareth Davis (2010, Home Normal, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hilary Jeffery Tape" with Hilary Jeffery (2010, self-released, cassette)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wurdskrieme" with Piiptsjilling (2010, Experimedia, CD, LP)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maastunnel/Mt.Mitake" with Celer (2011, self-released, 7-inch with two videos by Marco Douma)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grower" with Gareth Davis] (2011, Sonic Pieces, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ghost Lanes" with Gareth Davis (2011, Dekorder, LP)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birds in a Box" with Stephen Vitiello (2011, Nuun Records, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mort Aux Vaches" with Peter Broderick and Jan and Romke Kleefstra, Chris Bakker, Nils Frahm (2010, Staalplaat, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bridges" with Gerco Hiddink, Steven Hess, Burkhard Beins, Jon Mueller, Erik Carlsson, Nate Wooley, Mats Gustafsson, Jim Denley and Espen Reinertsen (2011, self-released, double LP picture disc)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Man Nation & Machinefabriek" with One Man Nation (2012, The Unifiedfield, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Numa/Penarie" with Celer (2012, self-released, 7-inch with two videos by Marco Douma)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lichtung" with Steve Roden (2012, Eat, Sleep, Repeat, CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pierdrie" with Roel Meelkop and Marco Douma (2012, self-released, DVD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hei/Sou" with Celer (2012, self-released, 7-inch with two videos by Marco Douma)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sea Of Voices" Rework on the Peter Broderick project The Beacon Sound Choir - Sunday Songs (2016, First Terrace Records, LP)

paragraph: Section::::Projects.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:Installations and site specific work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Requim voor Polderplanten" installation with STIL Buitenruimtes, for Polderlicht, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take a Closer Listen" concept, book, postcards about (listening to) environmental sound

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Loops for Voerman" music for a sculpture by Rob Voerman, project Beyond-Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lichtung" with Steve Roden and Sabine Bürger, multiple channel video, Galerie Vayhinger, Radolfzell, Germany, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ontrafelde Tonen" installation for StreetCanvas, Haarlem, Netherlands, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Colour Tales" music for a project by Lesley Moore, inspired by Imants Ziedonis, WM Gallery, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "15/15" a piece for Soundpiece, a sound installation at the Schouwburgplein, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pierdrie" 3 monitor/4 speaker installation with Roel Meelkop and Marco Douma, Galerie Hommes, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kamermuziek" soundtrack for the machine room of Trouw, for the Stedelijk Museum's Hear It! Festival, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kamermuziek #2" 3 hour live concert as a soundtrack for a room at TENT's Sound Spectrums event, Rotterdam, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Verstilde Tijd", soundtrack for exhibition Het Gebouw at Oud Amelisweerd country house, Bunnik, Netherlands, 2012

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:Music for films, games, dance and theatre.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intermittent Movements" soundtracks for a series of short films by John Price, an IFFR commission, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Studies for a Figure on Stage" music for a performance by Bram Vreeswijk, Amsterdam, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "EXIT" music for a dance performance by A Two Dogs Company, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Your Star" soundtrack for a film by Makino Takashi, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sol Sketches" music for a Sol LeWitt documentary by Chris Teerink, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What is seems to be/wat het lijkt te zijn" music for a film/installation by Sarah Payton, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secret Photographs" music for a film by Mike Hoolboom, about the photographs from Alvin Karpis, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Astroneer (original game soundtrack)" music for the game Astroneer, released 2016

description: Dutch musician/sound artist and graphic designer

wikidata_label: Machinefabriek

wikipedia_title: Machinefabriek


text:
realism
Christiania
Munich
Frits Thaulow
Modum
World Exhibition
Munich
San Francisco
Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts
Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
Order of the Dannebrog
National Gallery of Norway

categories: Artists from Oslo,Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog,1949 deaths,19th-century Norwegian painters,20th-century Norwegian painters,1863 births

paragraph: Halfdan Strøm

paragraph: Halfdan Strøm (4 November 1863 – 28 March 1949) was a Norwegian painter and an early representative of realism in Norwegian painting.

paragraph: Halfdan Strøm attended the Royal Drawing School in Christiania (nor Oslo). In 1883, he debuted at the Industrial and Art Exhibition at Tullinløkka, site of the Norwegian Geographical Survey in Oslo. During the period 1883-84, he was in Munich. During 1884, he participated in an outdoor academy conducted by Frits Thaulow in Modum.

paragraph: In 1889, he entered two paintings at the World Exhibition in Paris and achieved an honorable mention. Later Strøm earned gold medals at the World Exhibition of Paris in 1900, as well as international exhibits in Munich in 1901 and San Francisco in 1915. Strøm was a Professor at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts from 1909 to 1935, and Director there from 1924.

paragraph: Halfdan Strøm was decorated Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1910, and was a Commander of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog.

paragraph: He is represented in the National Gallery of Norway with several paintings, including "Fra Arbeidersamfunnets kafé i Torvgaten"(1888), "Emil Hannover" (1899) and "Fra Grøntbasaren" (1905).

description: Norwegian painter

wikidata_label: Halfdan Strøm

wikipedia_title: Halfdan Strøm


text: ring name

text: professional wrestler

text: Ric Flair

text: figure-four leglock

text: world champion

text: NWA

text: WWE

text: inaugural

text: WWWF World Heavyweight Champion

text: Ric Flair

text: AJ Styles

text: German

text: professional wrestling promoter

text: match

text: Ed "Strangler" Lewis

text: Houston

text: title

text: NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship

text: Lou Thesz

text: feud

text: Columbus, Ohio

text: Jack Pfefer

text: Slave Girl Moolah

text: valet

text: Sam Muchnick

text: promotion

text: St. Louis, Missouri

text: draw

text: booker

text: Chicago

text: Vince McMahon, Sr.

text: Capitol Wrestling Corporation

text: National Wrestling Alliance

text: NWA World Heavyweight Championship

text: Pat O'Connor

text: Comiskey Park

text: two out of three falls match

text: pinfall

text: dropkick

text: pinned

text: shooters

text: Bill Miller

text: Karl Gotch

text: Montreal

text: Killer Kowalski

text: dropping

text: one fall finish

text: championship belt

text: figure-four leglock

text: bulldog

text: headlock

text: referee

text: Bobo Brazil

text: Bruno Sammartino

text: tag team match

text: Toots Mondt

text: WWE

text: WWWF World Heavyweight Champion

text: WWWF President

text: Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

text: Bruno Sammartino

text: Gorilla Monsoon

text: fan favorite

text: Florida

text: Jim Crockett Promotions

text: Jimmy Snuka

text: Ken Patera

text: Gene Anderson

text: Dewey Robertson

text: Big John Studd

text: Ric Flair

text: put over

text: Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling

text: turn

text: Lou Albano

text: Ray Stevens

text: Piper's Pit

text: Rock 'n' Wrestling era

text: Buddy Landel

text: Tri-State Wrestling Alliance

text: Extreme Championship Wrestling

text: body slam

text: piledriver

text: peacock

text: heat

text: catchphrase

text: main event

text: World Wrestling Federation Hall of Fame

text: class of 1994

text: gimmick

text: Capitol Wrestling Corporation

text: 2 times

text: Johnny Valentine

text: Johnny Barend

text: Midwest Wrestling Association

text: National Wrestling Alliance

text: NWA World Heavyweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: NWA Hall of Fame

text: class of 2010

text: NWA Chicago

text: 1 time

text: NWA Mid-America

text: NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: NWA San Francisco

text: 1 time

text: NWA Western States Sports

text: 1 time

text: Pro Wrestling Illustrated

text: Stanley Weston Award

text: Television Era

text: Southwest Sports Inc.

text: NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship

text: 7 times

text: NWA Texas Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Otto Kuss

text: St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame

text: WWWF World Heavyweight Championship

text: 1 time, inaugural

text: WWF Hall of Fame

text: Class of 1994

text: Wrestling Observer Newsletter

text: Class of 1996

text: WWE Hall of Fame profile

categories: 1992 deaths,American male professional wrestlers,WWE Hall of Fame inductees,American people of German descent,Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum,NWA World Heavyweight Champions,1921 births,20th-century American male actors,Sportspeople from Camden, New Jersey,Professional wrestlers from New Jersey,WWF/WWE World Heavyweight Champions,Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame

paragraph: Buddy Rogers (wrestler)

paragraph: Herman Gustav Rohde Jr. (February 20, 1921 – June 26, 1992), better known by the ring name Buddy Rogers, was an American professional wrestler.

paragraph: One of the biggest professional wrestling stars in the beginning of the television era, Rogers' performances inspired future professional wrestlers, including "Nature Boy" Ric Flair, who used Rogers' nickname, as well as his look, attitude and finishing hold, the figure-four leglock. Rogers was a two-time world champion, holding the top championship in both the NWA and the WWWF, today known as WWE (he was the inaugural WWWF World Heavyweight Champion). Rogers is one of three men in history to have held both world titles, along with Ric Flair and AJ Styles.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Rogers was the son of German immigrant parents. Rogers was athletic, and took up wrestling at age nine at the local YMCA. Rogers joined the Camden YMCA Wrestling League and won its heavyweight championship. He also excelled in football, boxing, track and swimming. In 1937, he won the YMCA's three-mile swimming championship. Rogers joined the Dale Brothers Circus as a wrestler at age 17. Rogers later worked at a shipyard, and became a police officer.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Early career and National Wrestling Alliance (1939–1963).

paragraph: Rogers visited the offices of professional wrestling promoters Ray and Frank Hanley, who gave him his first match on July 4, 1939 against Moe Brazen, which he won. Rogers soon became a top professional wrestler using his real name around his hometown where he gained his first major win over Ed "Strangler" Lewis. Like many professional wrestlers, Rogers was likely not the height and weight listed, as he probably stood 5'11" tall and weighed in at 195 pounds. He continued his career in Houston, where he assumed the name Buddy Rogers. Rogers would get his first title during his tenure there, winning the NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship four times, once from Lou Thesz, beginning a long feud both in and out of the ring.

paragraph: After leaving the Texas territory for Columbus, Ohio, Rogers bleached his hair, and was given the moniker "Natural Guy" by promoter Jack Pfefer. The moniker later evolved to "Nature Boy". In the early 1950s, Lillian Ellison (under the moniker Slave Girl Moolah) worked as his valet. Ellison claims that the partnership ended after Rogers pushed for a sexual relationship, which Ellison refused. With the advent of television, Rogers' flashy look, great physique and bombastic personality instantly caught the ire of audiences. The first sign of Rogers' impact was his involvement in Sam Muchnick's opposition promotion in St. Louis, Missouri, a major professional wrestling market at the time. He was pitted against Lou Thesz as a draw. In the end, Muchnick's promotion was powerful enough with Rogers as its main star that the two promotions merged. Rogers continued control of the Midwest as a booker and professional wrestler, most notably in Chicago, frequently selling out the 11,000-seat arena. In the 1950s, Rogers expanded into Vince McMahon, Sr.'s Capitol Wrestling Corporation (CWC). He also wrestled in the Al Haft promotion out of Columbus, Ohio in the 1950s and through 1963.

paragraph: In 1961, the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) voted him into an NWA World Heavyweight Championship match. On June 30, 1961, Rogers took the title from Pat O'Connor in front of 38,622 fans at Comiskey Park, which set a new North American professional wrestling attendance record that stood until the David Von Erich Memorial Parade of Champions in 1984. In addition, the $148,000 gate in ticket sales was a professional wrestling record for almost twenty years. The contest, which was a two out of three falls match, was billed as the "Match of the Century", during which both men had gained a pinfall. However, when O'Connor missed a dropkick and hit his head, Rogers pinned him to win the match and being recognized as the new NWA World Heavyweight Champion. At the time, Rogers was working at two different jobs in Chicago, but he never walked into work again according to his autobiography.

paragraph: Many promoters felt that Rogers favored northeastern promoters over other territories. Promoters and noted shooters Bill Miller and Karl Gotch confronted Rogers in Columbus and broke his hand. Rogers sustained another injury in Montreal against Killer Kowalski, which kept Rogers on the sidelines. Upon his return, the NWA voted to switch the title back over to Lou Thesz, who publicly disliked Rogers. On January 24, 1963, the match took place in Toronto. Rogers was hesitant about dropping the title, so promoter Sam Muchnick put three safeguards in place to guarantee Rogers' cooperation. The first safeguard was formatting the match as a one fall finish, rather than the traditional best two out of three falls. The second safeguard was his threat to give Rogers' bond away to charity, rather than returning the deposit to the dethroned Rogers. Every NWA World Heavyweight Champion was required to pay a $25,000 deposit to the NWA Board of Directors, before winning the championship belt. The deposit was held by the NWA for the duration of the champion's reign. The third safeguard was Thesz, who could "take" the title if necessary. Ultimately, Thesz won the match and the title.

paragraph: Rogers was a co-holder of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship with tag team partner "Handsome" Johnny Barend. They won the championship on July 5, 1962 from Johnny Valentine and "Cowboy" Bob Ellis on Capitol Wrestling's regular Thursday night Washington, D.C. television show. Arnold Skaaland was a last minute replacement for Ellis whose flight was delayed and unable to get to the arena. With the championship on the line, Rogers and Barend isolated Skaaland whom Rogers forced to submit with his figure-four leglock to win the first fall. After Skaaland was carried from the ring on a stretcher, Valentine continued to fight alone in the second fall. Valentine fought valiantly, but was worn down by Rogers and Barend. Just when it looked like Valentine was going to succumb to the vicious attack of the heels the crowd erupted. The television cameras swung from a view of the ring to "Cowboy" Bob Ellis running down the aisle in street clothes and carrying a travel suitcase. Ellis jumped into the ring, applied multiple bulldog headlocks and pinned Barend to win the second fall for his team. The third fall featured everyone fighting inside and outside the ring. Finally, Ellis and Barend collided in the corner and knocked each other out. The referee was distracted by Valentine trying to get into the ring as Rogers grabbed an unconscious Barend by his hair and back of his trunks and threw him on top of Ellis for the victory.

paragraph: Rogers and Barend defeated Valentine and Ellis in a title rematch at Madison Square Garden on July 13, 1962. They defended the championship until March 7, 1963 when they lost to Killer Buddy Austin and The Great Scott on Capitol Wrestling's regular Thursday night television broadcast. Rogers and Barend split briefly and feuded, but they reunited that summer to defeat Bobo Brazil and Bruno Sammartino in a best two out of three falls tag team match. During the Rogers-Barend feud, Rogers regularly teamed with a masked wrestler, The Shadow. Prior to his title reign with Barend, Rogers frequently teamed with the "Big O" Bob Orton. During the 1950s, Rogers' main tag team partner was The Great Scott.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:World Wide Wrestling Federation and semi-retirement (1963–1969).

paragraph: After Thesz defeated Rogers for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, Northeast promoters Toots Mondt and Vince McMahon, Sr. withdrew their membership from the NWA and formed the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF, now WWE). The promoters felt that Thesz was not a strong draw in their territory, therefore the WWWF billed Rogers as their world champion as did Fred Kohler's Chicago promotion from January 25.

paragraph: Rogers was formally recognized as the first ever WWWF World Heavyweight Champion on April 11, 1963 when promoter and first WWWF President Willie Gilzenberg handed Rogers the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship belt on Washington D.C. television. Gilzenberg explained that Rogers won a wrestling tournament in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, although it was fictional. WWE.com currently cites April 25, 1963 as the beginning of Rogers' reign. Rogers was a top draw, but his reign was ultimately cut short by a mild heart attack which greatly hindered his endurance and in-ring performance. Vince McMahon, Sr. and Toots Mondt were in a panic and hid Rogers' medical problems. In an emergency title switch, Rogers put over Bruno Sammartino in a quick 48 second match on May 17, 1963 in Madison Square Garden. The match had to be kept short for fear of Rogers having a major heart attack and dying in the ring.

paragraph: After putting over Sammartino, his health problems forced Rogers to wrestle in only a limited number of short singles matches that lasted a minute or two. He participated in a few tag team matches with partner Handsome Johnny Barend where he spent almost the entire match in his corner on the ring apron while Barend did the wrestling. Rogers defeated Hans "The Great" Mortier in less than a minute with the figure-four leglock in Madison Square Garden and teamed with Handsome Johnny Barend to take two out of three falls via pin from Sammartino and Bobo Brazil, with Rogers pinning Sammartino for the final fall. The big rematch was to be held October 4, 1963 at Roosevelt Stadium in Jersey City, New Jersey. The tickets were printed with Rogers–Sammartino on them. However, it was announced that Rogers was retiring and Gorilla Monsoon, who had won a tournament, got the title shot that night. In 1966-1967, Rogers wrestled in 18 short matches in Canada. In 1969, Rogers appeared in 19 quick matches in an Ohio-based promotion called Wrestling Show Classics before he realized his health was not getting better to the point where he could wrestle. He spent time on television talking with his former manager Bobby Davis. A decade later, Rogers would try to make a legitimate comeback.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Jim Crockett Promotions and return to WWF (1978–1992).

paragraph: In 1979, Rogers returned to wrestling as a fan favorite in Florida, although he was in his late 50s. He later moved up to Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) in the Carolinas as a villain manager managing professional wrestlers like Jimmy Snuka, Ken Patera, Gene Anderson, Dewey Robertson and Big John Studd. His most notable moment during his run in the Carolinas was his feud with the new "Nature Boy" Ric Flair, before Rogers put over Flair on July 9, 1978.

paragraph: After his time in Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling (MACW), he moved back into WWF where he was a fan favorite manager and part-time professional wrestler who also hosted the interview segment "Rogers' Corner" until 1983. Rogers was instrumental in helping turn Jimmy Snuka into a fan favorite, leading to Rogers managing Snuka for his feud with Lou Albano and Ray Stevens. During the feud, Rogers broke his hip and retired from professional wrestling for good. His show was replaced by "Victory Corner", which would later be replaced by "Piper's Pit". He would continue to make sporadic appearances in the WWF until 1984, right before the beginning of the Rock 'n' Wrestling era.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:End of career and death.

paragraph: He was set to wrestle yet another "Nature Boy", this time Buddy Landel, in a comeback match for the Tri-State Wrestling Alliance (TWA, a predecessor of Extreme Championship Wrestling – ECW) in early 1992, but the promotion went out of business and the match never occurred. Later in the year, Rogers was weakened by a severe broken arm and suffered three strokes, two on the same day. He was put on life support and died a short time afterward on June 26, 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Lou Thesz, Rogers' long-time colleague and frequent opponent, described Rogers' early impact in his memoir, "Hooker": "Rogers is remembered by fans and performers alike as one of the top all-time stars in the business, but it's probably not common knowledge just how influential he was... he broke into the business somewhere around 1941 as a hero-type personality, with little more going for him than a good body and natural charisma in the ring – which is actually a pretty good beginning – and he was a hit almost from the start. He had that indefinable something fans responded to, and he was sharp enough to build upon what he had, paying attention to what got a reaction from the fans. What evolved over several years was the 'Nature Boy', the prototype of the cocky, strutting, sneering, arrogant peroxide blond villain that is almost a tired wrestling cliché today. Rogers invented the character, and I believe he did it better than anyone". Thesz continued, "He was also one of the first guys to rely a lot on what we called 'flying' moves in the ring – body slams, dropkicks, piledrivers, ricochets off the ropes into his opponent, action moves that are commonplace today. All of those moves were in use before Rogers came along, but they were used sparingly; most of the wrestling prior to Rogers' emergence was done on the mat. Rogers was the first to use flying moves in quantity, staying off the mat, and the style was so popular with the fans that other wrestlers, including me, followed his lead".

paragraph: Another Rogers contribution to modern professional wrestling was his bombastic interviewing style. Professional wrestlers might talk and converse with interviewers, but Rogers bragged and boasted about how great he was and how pathetic his opponents were. After winning the NWA World Heavyweight Championship from Pat O'Connor in Chicago in 1961, Rogers accepted the title belt and then took the microphone and shouted, "To a nicer guy it couldn't happen!". This type of bombastic style went over well with the fans and has been followed ever since. However, Rogers was not well liked during his prime years because he had a habit of taking advantage of opponents in the ring. During his prime years, he was known as much for his distinctive peacock-like strut as for his wrestling performance. He was also very skilled at drawing heat during interviews, with a smug "to a nicer guy, it couldn't have happened" being his catchphrase of sorts whenever he was victorious. He may have been the first authentic "charismatic" professional wrestler, who, along with almost equally charismatic Bobby Davis, would use cruel, yet hilarious, put-downs of his opponents, such as: "After I get through with him, he'll be back driving a garbage truck where he belongs". Almost like a tag team of pseudo-arrogance, Davis would incredulously say of Roger's opponents that they did not even deserve to be in the same ring as Rogers, bemoaning the fact that "this is a sport of kings!". Although he was viewed as a villain in most areas during most of his career, Rogers was always a fan favorite in cities throughout Ohio. This was probably due to his appearances for many years with the Al Haft Promotion who had their offices in Columbus.

paragraph: According to Thesz, Rogers, although admittedly an excellent professional wrestler and a superb showman, was a manipulative schemer behind the scenes and was fond of saying in private: "Screw your friends and be nice to your enemies, so your enemies will become your friends, and then you can screw them too". With age, however, Rogers mellowed and became a very respected veteran and spokesman for professional wrestling. Rogers had one of the longest consistent top drawing periods of any main eventer (15 years) and the ability to draw in several different territories successfully. In 1994, he was posthumously inducted into the World Wrestling Federation Hall of Fame class of 1994. Fellow professional wrestler Ric Flair from early in his career to the present day, adopted the "Nature Boy" gimmick from Rogers as a tribute to him. Even using Rogers' own signature move the figure-four leglock as his own, Flair even went as far as doing his own variation of the Rogers strut as well.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Wrestling Alliance

paragraph: BULLET::::- AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Chicago version) (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Wrestling Association (Ohio)

paragraph: BULLET::::- AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Ohio version) (3 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Wrestling Association (New England)

paragraph: BULLET::::- AWA Eastern States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Capitol Wrestling Corporation

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Northeast version) (2 times) – with Johnny Valentine (1) and Johnny Barend (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Midwest Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- MWA Ohio Tag Team Championship (4 times) – with Great Scott (3) and Juan Sebastian (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Montreal Athletic Commission

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Heavyweight Championship (Montreal version) (3 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Wrestling Alliance

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Hall of Fame (class of 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Chicago version) (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Mid-America

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA San Francisco

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA World Tag Team Championship (San Francisco version) (1 time) – with Ronnie Etchison

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Western States Sports

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (Amarillo version) (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling Illustrated

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanley Weston Award (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Class of 2002 (Television Era)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southwest Sports Inc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (7 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Texas Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Otto Kuss

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Class of 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Wide Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Federation

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWWF World Heavyweight Championship (1 time, inaugural)

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWF Hall of Fame (Class of 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrestling Observer Newsletter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other titles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maryland Eastern Heavyweight Championship (3 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Heavyweight Championship (Jack Pfeffer version) (4 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victory Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- VCW Hall of Fame (Class of 2018)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWE Hall of Fame profile

alias:
"Nature Boy" Buddy Rogers
Herman Rohde
Dutch Rogers
Herman Gustav Rohde Jr.
Herman G. Rohde Jr.
Herman Rohde Jr.
Herman Gustav Rohde, Jr.

description: American professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Buddy Rogers

wikipedia_title: Buddy Rogers (wrestler)


text: Israel

text: historian

text: Emeritus Professor

text: University of Oxford

text: British Academy

text: New Historians

text: Zionism

text: Baghdad

text: Nuri al-Said

text: Israel's War of Independence

text: Israel Defense Forces

text: Jesus College, Cambridge

text: London School of Economics

text: University of Reading

text: David Lloyd George

text: Balfour Declaration

text: 1948 Arab–Israeli War

text: St Antony's College, Oxford

text: Ilan Pappé

text: The Guardian

text: Gaza War

text: "Spectator"

text: Benjamin Netanyahu

text: Arab Spring

text: UK Labour Party

text: The Jewish Chronicle

text: Jeremy Corbyn

text: antisemites

text: Joseph Heller

text: Yehoshua Porath

text: academic journal

text: Yoav Gelber

text: Jewish Agency

text: Marc Lynch

text: Fellow of the British Academy

text: national academy

text: British Academy Medal

text: Benny Morris

text: Ilan Pappe

text: Oxford home page

text: Interview

text: The Nation

text: Video of discussion

text: Shlomo Sand

text: Jacqueline Rose

text: Frontline Club

categories: Historians of the Middle East,Fellows of the British Academy,Israeli historians,Fellows of St Antony's College, Oxford,Jewish historians,Iraqi emigrants to Israel,New Historians,International relations scholars,1945 births,Recipients of the British Academy Medal,British people of Iraqi-Jewish descent,Labour Party (UK) people,Iraqi Jews,Living people,Alumni of the University of Reading,British historians

paragraph: Avi Shlaim

paragraph: Avraham "Avi" Shlaim (born 31 October 1945) is an Israeli historian, Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the University of Oxford and fellow of the British Academy. He is one of Israel's New Historians, a group of Israeli scholars who put forward critical interpretations of the history of Zionism and Israel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Shlaim was born to wealthy Jewish parents in Baghdad, Iraq. The family lived in a mansion with ten servants. His father was an importer of building materials with ties to the Iraqi leadership, including then-prime minister Nuri al-Said.

paragraph: The Iraqi Jews' situation became problematic with Israel's War of Independence in 1948. In 1951 Shlaim's father was one of 100,000 Jews who registered to leave the country and surrender their citizenship. A subsequent law ruled that all those who left forfeited all rights, including property rights. The Shlaim family lost all their property. His father crossed the border illegally on a mule, while Shlaim, his mother and sisters flew to Cyprus, reuniting in Israel.

paragraph: Shlaim left Israel for England at the age of 16 to study at a Jewish school. He returned to Israel in the mid-1960s to serve in the Israel Defense Forces, then moved back to England in 1966 to read history at Jesus College, Cambridge. He obtained his BA degree in 1969. He obtained an MSc (Econ.) in International Relations in 1970 from the London School of Economics and a PhD from the University of Reading. He was a Lecturer and Reader in Politics in the University of Reading from 1970 to 1987.

paragraph: He married the great-granddaughter of David Lloyd George, who was the British prime minister at the time of the Balfour Declaration. He has lived in England ever since, and holds dual British and Israeli nationality.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Shlaim taught International Relations at Reading University, specialising in European issues. His academic interest in the history of Israel began in 1982, when Israeli government archives about the 1948 Arab–Israeli War were opened, an interest that deepened when he became a fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford in 1987. He was Alastair Buchan Reader in International Relations at Oxford from 1987 to 1996 and Director of Graduate Studies in that subject in 1993–1995 and 1998–2001. He held a British Academy Research Readership in 1995–97 and a Research Professorship in 2003–2006.

paragraph: Shlaim served as an outside examiner on the doctoral thesis of Ilan Pappé, another notable New Historian. Shlaim's approach to the study of history is informed by his belief that, "[t]he job of the historian is to judge".

paragraph: He is a regular contributor to "The Guardian" newspaper, and signed an open letter to that paper in January 2009 condemning Israel's role in the Gaza War.

paragraph: Writing in the "Spectator", Shlaim dubbed Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as a "proponent of the doctrine of permanent conflict," describing his policies as an attempt to preclude a peaceful resolution to the conflict with Palestinians. Furthermore, he described Israeli foreign policy as one that supported stability of Arab regimes over nascent democratic movements during the Arab Spring.

paragraph: Shlaim is a member of the UK Labour Party. In August 2015, he was a signatory to a letter criticising "The Jewish Chronicle"s reporting of Jeremy Corbyn's association with alleged antisemites.

paragraph: Section::::Criticism.

paragraph: The Israeli historians Joseph Heller and Yehoshua Porath have claimed that Shlaim "misleads his readers with arguments that Israel had missed the opportunity for peace while the Arabs are strictly peace seekers".

paragraph: In a 2012 article in the academic journal "Shofar", Shai Afsai criticised Shlaim for repeating a story "The bride is beautiful but she is married to another man", for which Afsai could not trace an original source, in his 2001 book "The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World".

paragraph: According to Yoav Gelber, Shlaim's claim that there was a deliberate and pre-meditated anti-Palestinian “collusion” between the Jewish Agency and King Abdullah, is unequivocally refuted by the documentary evidence on the development of contacts between Israel and Jordan before, during and after the war. Marc Lynch however wrote that "the voluminous evidence in [Gelber's] book does not allow so conclusive a verdict".

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: In 2006, Shlaim was elected Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences.

paragraph: On 27 September 2017, Shlaim was awarded the British Academy Medal "for lifetime achievement".

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Collusion across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine" (winner of the 1988 Political Studies Association's W. J. M. Mackenzie Prize)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Politics of Partition" (1990 and 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "War and Peace in the Middle East: A Concise History" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cold War and the Middle East" (co-editor, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World" (New York: W.W. Norton, 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace" (London: Allen Lane, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Israel and Palestine: Reappraisals, Revisions, Refutations" (London: Verso, 2009)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benny Morris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ilan Pappe

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxford home page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview. "The Nation", 28 June 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 Interview on Israeli-Palestinian conflict inc. video, audio and text transcript.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video of discussion between Avi Shlaim and Shlomo Sand. Chaired by Jacqueline Rose at the Frontline Club, London, 12 November 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Balfour Declaration And its Consequences. By Avi Shlaim, in Wm. Roger Louis, ed., "Yet More Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics and Culture in Britain", London, I.B. Tauris, 2005, pp. 251–270.

description: British historian, one of Israel's New Historians, specialising in the history leading up to and including the independence of Israel

wikidata_label: Avi Shlaim

wikipedia_title: Avi Shlaim