text:
King of Sicily
regency
plague
Catania
Peter II
Elisabeth of Carinthia
municipal governments
Agatha
John of Randazzo
infante
Palermo
oath of fealty
cathedral of Palermo
Constance
Peter IV of Aragon
Louis of Hungary
peace treaty at Catania
Kingdom of Naples
Pope Clement VI
Blasco II de Alagona
Catalan
grand justiciar
Messina
Frederick
Athens
Neopatria
Randazzo
Matteo Palizzi
Pisa
Chiaramonte
Angevin
Aragonese
Taormina
Montalbano Elicona
Lentini
Augusta
Constance
Robert of Naples
Castrogiovanni
Agira
Castroreale
Milazzo
the cathedral
Castello Ursino
Calascibetta
Niccolò Acciaiuoli
Louis I
Naples
Piazza Armerina
Val di Mazara
Cammarata
Trapani
Calatafimi
Castronovo
Giuliana
bubonic plague
Aci
cathedral of Sant'Agata
Frederick II (III)
Barcelona
Eleanor
Matteo II Visconti
ruler of Milan
Margaret of Durazzo

categories: 1338 births,14th-century deaths from plague (disease),1355 deaths,People from Catania,Kings of Sicily,Burials at Catania Cathedral,House of Barcelona (Sicily),14th-century Italian people

paragraph: Louis, King of Sicily

paragraph: Louis the Child ( or ; 4 February 1338 – 16 October 1355) was King of Sicily (also known as "Trinacria") from 15 September 1342 until his death. He was a minor upon his succession, and was under a regency until 1354. His actual rule was short, for he died in an outbreak of plague the next year. His reign was marked by civil war.

paragraph: Section::::Birth and succession.

paragraph: Born in Catania, Louis was the son of King Peter II and Elisabeth of Carinthia. On the day of his birth, his father announced him as his heir in a proclamation to the municipal governments ("universitates") of the realm. Louis was the first male child of Peter since the death of the firstborn, Frederick, in 1325. On 12 February, Peter issued a privilege to the city of Catania exempting it from the payment of the customary hospitality to the royal court. He also credited the intervention of Catania's patron saint, Agatha, on whose feast the child was born, for the successful delivery of a boy.

paragraph: Louis was only four years old when his father died on 15 August 1342, and he was not immediately given the title of king. His uncle, Marquis John of Randazzo, already Peter's second-in-command as vicar, assumed the regency. During his father's lifetime, Louis was called "primogenitus" (first born) and "infans" (royal prince, i.e. infante). After his father's death and before his own coronation, he was titled "successor". On 10 September John ordered the citizens of Palermo to nominate their representatives to swear the oath of fealty at Louis's coronation. Louis was crowned in the cathedral of Palermo on 15 September and thereafter he bore the title of king ("rex").

paragraph: Section::::Early reign.

paragraph: After his coronation, Louis lived at Catania from October 1342 until at least March 1343. Towards the end of 1344 negotiations were begun to marry Louis to Constance, the newborn daughter of Peter IV of Aragon. In June 1346 an ambassador from Louis of Hungary arrived proposing a marriage between Louis and one of the Hungarian king's relatives.

paragraph: On 7 November 1347 Sicily concluded a peace treaty at Catania with the Kingdom of Naples, which claimed the island of Sicily. The latter's independence was preserved, but Louis was required to take the title king of "Trinacria", an ancient name for Sicily. The treaty never received the necessary ratification of Pope Clement VI. After the death of John of Randazzo on 3 April 1348, the regency passed by his testament to Blasco II de Alagona, a Catalan nobleman who was already the grand justiciar and had been John's lieutenant since October 1342. In May 1348 Louis was residing in Messina when he confirmed the succession of John's son Frederick to the duchies of Athens and Neopatria and the marquisate of Randazzo.

paragraph: Section::::Civil war.

paragraph: Section::::Civil war.:Guardianship of Palizzi.

paragraph: In the first half of June 1348, Count Matteo Palizzi returned from exile in Pisa. This act spurred the rivalry between the local Sicilian nobility (the families of Chiaramonte, Palizzi and Scaloro degli Uberti) and that of Catalan origin (the families of Peralta, Alagona and Ventimiglia), which eventually degenerated into civil war. The Sicilian families are sometimes called "filoangioini" (pro-Angevin, the house that ruled Naples) and the Catalans "filoaragonesi" (pro-Aragonese). Initially, Blasco sent Louis to Catania, but the court stopped at Taormina early in November and then moved to the castle of Montalbano Elicona. From there the queen mother made contact with Matteo, who was at Messina, and made him guardian of the young king.

paragraph: By the end of the year, open warfare had broken out between the two camps. Louis's movements can be traced during the period of civil war, in which his mother sided with the pro-Angevin (Neapolitan) party. He was at Lentini from late March through April 1349 and at Augusta in May and early June. Around this time, between May and July, the queen mother died and her role was taken up by Louis's older sister, the abbess Constance. From late June through July Louis was with the army besieging Catania. Present with this army was King Robert of Naples. By 22 July Louis had returned to Lentini. In September and October he was at Castrogiovanni, in November at Agira and in December at Messina.

paragraph: An armistice was signed on 10 September 1350 in the king's presence. Both parties agreed to suspend hostilities until the king attained his majority and could judge the dispute. On 23 February 1352, after Louis had turned fourteen, Matteo pushed him to write a letter to the people of Catania declaring his intention to begin his personal rule. Blasco denounced the letter and sent ambassadors to Louis's court on 22 August. Peace was finally concluded in October.

paragraph: Section::::Civil war.:Vicariate of Constance.

paragraph: On 9 June 1353 Louis left Messina in the company of the Chiaramonte, his supporters, to put down the revolt of Castroreale. At Taormina he received the homage of Count Enrico Rosso, who nevertheless refused to help him put down the revolt. On 13 June the king was on the plain of Milazzo, but he had soon returned to Taormina, where the Chiaramonte prevented him from meeting with the nominal regent, Blasco, in spite of the accord that he been reached through the intervention of his sister Constance, who was also with him. By the end of June he had returned to Messina to attend the burial of his brother John (died 22 June) in the cathedral there.

paragraph: Support for the king had been slipping among his erstwhile allies, and on 17 July a popular riot in the city of Messina opened the gates to the armed forces of Enrico Rosso and Count Simone Chiaramonte. They demanded that Louis hand over his guardian, Matteo Palizzi, which he refused on 19 July. The palace was invaded but, while Matteo was found and killed, the king escaped. He boarded a Catalan ship and on 29 July arrived at Catania, where he joined his new allies under Blasco de Alagona. The king moved into the Castello Ursino.

paragraph: On 2 October, Louis and Blasco led a force against Milazzo, but were repulsed and retreated to Catania on 24 October. On 8 November Louis declared the Chiaramonte traitors. A royal charter from 10 November indicates that at some point the office of vicar was transferred to Constance. Louis's subsequent attempts to break out from Catania were failures. On 15 November he entered the fortress at Agira and then moved on to Calascibetta, but he could not take Castrogiovanni and was forced to return to the safety of Catania by 28 November. A few days later he ventured to Taormina, but had returned to Catania by 4 December.

paragraph: Section::::Neapolitan invasion and death.

paragraph: In April 1354, the Neapolitans, with Grand Seneschal Niccolò Acciaiuoli at the head of a small fleet, invaded Sicily and subjugated Palermo and most of the interior in alliance with the Chiaramonte and the other "filoangioini" families. Only Catania and Messina remained under Louis's control, that is, with the Catalan ("filoaragonese") faction. Fortunately for Louis, the new Neapolitan king, Louis I, refused to provide the required reinforcements and supplies to maintain the invasion. In May the king of Sicily (Trinacria) sent an ambassador to Naples to protest the invasion. On 4 June he sent out an embassy to Peter IV of Aragon to request assistance.

paragraph: In June Louis rehabilitated the Ventimiglia family, old rivals of the Chiaramonte, and restored them to the office of chamberlain. In November he personally led the force that reconquered Piazza Armerina. He followed up his success with further actions in the westernmost Sicilian province, the Val di Mazara, occupying Cammarata and Trapani. During late December and early January he was in Calatafimi. Only the town of Castronovo continued to resist in the province. On 7 January 1355 Louis was in Giuliana, but he returned to Catania in February. From there he and the Alagona launched an assault against Lentini on 13 May, but the siege of the town had to be lifted in mid-June. On 10 July an epidemic of bubonic plague broke out at Catania and the king left for Messina.

paragraph: From Messina Louis led a naval and land campaign against Palermo, but succeeded only in devastating the countryside. By September he was able to return to Catania. He was struck by the plague, moved to Aci, a castle belonging to the recently deceased Frederick of Randazzo. There he died on 16 October, only seventeen years of age. That same night his body was moved to the church of Santa Maria la Grande outside the walls of Catania. The next day (17 October) his funeral procession passed through the streets to the cathedral of Sant'Agata, where his body was placed in the same tomb as his grandfather, Frederick II (III), and uncle, John of Randazzo.

paragraph: Although marriage negotiations had languished since his accession, Louis did leave two illegitimate sons, Antonio (Anthony) and Luigi (Louis), who were sent to Barcelona to be raised by their aunt Eleanor, queen of Aragon. On 10 October 1355, days before his death, Eleanor had written to Louis to reopen the negotiations for his marriage to Constance, her stepdaughter. Negotiations were apparently also underway for the hand of a daughter of Matteo II Visconti, ruler of Milan, and for the hand of the King of Naples's niece Margaret of Durazzo, ten years Louis's junior.

alias:
Louis of Aragon
Louis I of Sicily
Louis I, King of Trinacria

description: King of Sicily

wikidata_label: Louis, King of Sicily

wikipedia_title: Louis, King of Sicily


text: General

text: Sir

text: Anglo-Irish

text: British Army

text: American Revolutionary War

text: French Revolutionary Wars

text: Peninsular War

text: General Wellesley's

text: Vimeiro

text: Convention of Cintra

text: Bussaco

text: Fuentes de Onoro

text: Thomas Graham

text: Member of Parliament

text: Sligo Borough

text: American Revolutionary War

text: War of the First Coalition

text: brigadier general

text: Toussaint Louverture

text: 40th Foot

text: Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland

text: Bergen

text: Castricum

text: Ralph Abercromby

text: Battle of Alexandria

text: Copenhagen campaign

text: Dos de Mayo Uprising

text: Napoleon

text: Gibraltar

text: 6th Foot

text: 29th Foot

text: 32nd Foot

text: 50th Foot

text: 82nd Foot

text: General Arthur Wellesley

text: Cork in Ireland

text: Battle of Vimeiro

text: Battle of Bussaco

text: Battle of Fuentes de Onoro

text: Siege of Badajoz

text: province of Beira

text: Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch

text: 2nd West India Regiment

text: 95th Regiment of Foot

text: Rifle Brigade

text: Princess Augusta Sophia

text: King George III

text: Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

text: equerry

text: Prince Regent

categories: 1828 deaths,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Sligo constituencies (1801–1922),1760 births,West India Regiment officers,40th Regiment of Foot officers,Rifle Brigade officers,British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars,British Army generals,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath,British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War,British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars

paragraph: Brent Spencer

paragraph: General Sir Brent Spencer (1760 – 29 December 1828) was an Anglo-Irish officer in the British Army, seeing active service during the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Peninsular War he became General Wellesley's second-in-command on two occasions. He fought at Vimeiro and testified in Wellesley's favor at the inquiry following the Convention of Cintra. He led a division at Bussaco and two divisions at Fuentes de Onoro. After the latter action, he had an independent command in northern Portugal. Wellesley, now Lord Wellington, was not satisfied that Spencer was up to the responsibilities of second-in-command and he was replaced by Thomas Graham. Miffed, Spencer left Portugal and never returned. He became a full general in 1825.

paragraph: He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sligo Borough from 1815 to 1818.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Spencer became a commissioned officer in 1778. He fought with great credit in the West Indies in 1779–1782 during the American Revolutionary War and again in 1790–1794 during the War of the First Coalition. Promoted to brigadier general, he participated in the unsuccessful 1797 Santo Domingo campaign against Toussaint Louverture. In 1799, he led the 40th Foot during the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland. This campaign included the battles of Bergen and Castricum.

paragraph: In 1801, Spencer served with General Sir Ralph Abercromby's army in Egypt at the Battle of Alexandria. He fought in the Copenhagen campaign in late 1807.

paragraph: Section::::The Peninsula.

paragraph: The Dos de Mayo Uprising of Spain against Napoleon found Spencer in command at Gibraltar. On his own initiative he sailed for Portugal and arrived at Mondego Bay on 5 August 1808. The force that he brought with him were 946 men of the 6th Foot, 806 soldiers of the 29th Foot, 874 troops of the 32nd Foot, 948 men of the 50th Foot, 929 soldiers of the 82nd Foot, and 245 artillerists. All infantry units consisted of 1st Battalions, except the 29th which was not organized into battalions. At Mondego Bay he joined his force to the 8,123 troops that General Arthur Wellesley brought from Cork in Ireland.

paragraph: At the Battle of Vimeiro in 1808, Spencer was Wellesley's second-in-command. He was made a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath on 26 April 1809. He commanded the 1st Division at the Battle of Bussaco and in the 1810-1811 French invasion of Portugal. At the Battle of Fuentes de Onoro in 1811, Spencer, now a lieutenant-general, temporarily led both the 1st and 3rd Divisions.

paragraph: After Fuentes, Wellington went south to participate in the Siege of Badajoz. He left Spencer and 28,000 Anglo-Portuguese to defend the province of Beira in the north.

paragraph: Later that year, he was replaced by Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch because of pessimistic letters which he had sent back to England. In 1825, Spencer was promoted to full general.

paragraph: Wellington wrote of Spencer, "He was exceedingly puzzle headed. He would talk of the Thames for the Tagus."

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: After having been in succession Colonel of the 9th Garrison Battalion (1806–08) and the 2nd West India Regiment (1808–09) and Colonel-Commandant of the 2nd Battalion of the 95th Regiment of Foot (1809–16) and the 1st Battalion of the Rifle Brigade (1816–18), in 1818 he was given the colonelcy of the 40th (2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot, which he held until his death in 1828.

paragraph: Section::::Romance with Princess Augusta.

paragraph: Spencer met Princess Augusta Sophia, the second daughter of King George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, about 1800, and a romantic friendship had developed by about 1803. In 1805 Spencer was appointed as an equerry to the king. According to Augusta, the couple conducted their relationship with great discretion as they were not of equal rank; news of such an attachment was feared to disturb the King's precarious mental health. In 1812 Augusta sent a long letter to her brother the Prince Regent to ask for his consent to her marrying Spencer, but it is unknown whether she did so. It is believed the couple remained together until Spencer's death in 1828.

description: British Army general

wikidata_label: Brent Spencer

wikipedia_title: Brent Spencer


text:
County of Urgel
James I of Aragon
King of Aragon
Armengol VIII
Aurembiaix
vicount of Cabrera
viscount of Ager
Peter I, Count of Urgell
Ponce I, Count of Urgell
A History of Aragon and Catalonia

categories: 13th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon

paragraph: Guerau IV de Cabrera

paragraph: Guerau IV de Cabrera (1196–1229) was a claimant to the County of Urgel during the time that James I of Aragon was King of Aragon.

paragraph: In 1208 with the death of Armengol VIII Guerau claimed that his uncle Armengol's daughter, Aurembiaix, could not inherit the land and so he should be made the ruler of the County. Aurembiax's mother, Elvira, was able to maintain control of the county until her death in 1220. In that year Guerau took control of the county of Urgell as Guerau I.

paragraph: Guerau was forced out of Urgel in 1228 and the land was put under the rule of Aurembiaix due to circumstances outside of his control. He remained Guerau IV, vicount of Cabrera and Guerau III, viscount of Ager. The death of Aurembiaix and himself the following year allowed other relatives to begin control. His son by Elo Perez de Castro became Guerau V, viscount de Cabrera, but control of the viscounty of Ager was consolidated with the county of Urgell under Aurembiaix's second husband Peter I, Count of Urgell. In 1236 his younger son Ponce became Ponce I, Count of Urgell, and Viscount of Ager, and in 1243 became Ponce IV de Cabrera, thus consolidating administration of the lands as Guerau IV envisioned.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chaytor, H. J. "A History of Aragon and Catalonia". London: Methuen, 1933.

wikidata_label: Guerau IV de Cabrera

wikipedia_title: Guerau IV de Cabrera


text: Australia

text: race car driver

text: Trinity Grammar School

text: Formula Ford

text: New South Wales

text: Oran Park Raceway

text: Formula BMW

text: Motaworld Racing

text: Formula BMW

text: Motaworld Racing

text: Formula Renault

text: Motopark Academy

text: Circuit Zolder

text: Circuit Terlaemen

text: Belgium

text: Motorsport Arena Oschersleben

text: Germany

text: Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps

text: Belgium

text: Nürburgring

text: Germany

text: World Series by Renault

text: Formula 3

text: HS Technik Motorsport

text: Super Nova Racing

text: Paul Ricard Circuit

text: France

text: Toyota Racing Series

text: New Zealand

text: Trevor Sheumatk

text: Michelin

text: Australia

text: A1 Grand Prix

text: A1 Team Australia

text: Nathan Antunes Driver Profile

text: Photos by Driver: Nathan Antunes

text: NathanAntunes.com Official website

categories: Formula Renault 2.0 NEC drivers,1988 births,A1 Team Australia drivers,Racing drivers from Sydney,Sportsmen from New South Wales,Toyota Racing Series drivers,Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 drivers,A1 Grand Prix Rookie drivers,Formula BMW UK drivers,Living people

paragraph: Nathan Antunes

paragraph: Nathan Antunes (born 23 April 1988) in Sydney, Australia is best known as an Australian race car driver. Educated at Trinity Grammar School in Sydney, he has raced in a variety of classes throughout the world.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Junior Karting.

paragraph: Antunes began his career in 1996 and was Goulburn Kart Club Champion in 1997, 1998 (midget karting) and 1999 (rookie karting). He was also the North Shore Kart Club Champion and ACT Junior Sprint Classic Champion in 1998 and 1999

paragraph: In 2001, Antunes made his first appearance in National Championships Junior National Light and placed 7th in the Junior Clubman NSW Championship. In 2002 he placed 5th in the Junior ICA Australian Championship, 4th in the Junior Piston Port NSW Championship (Junior ICA) and 4th in the Junior Clubman NSW Championship improving on his 7th place the year before.

paragraph: In 2003, Antunes placed 5th in the ICA Australian Championship and competed in the Formula 100 Light Australian Championships aged 14. Unfortunately an accident in the semi final of Clubman Light did not allow him to complete the season.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Formula Ford.

paragraph: Antunes began in Formula Ford after missing the first race of the season due to age licence restrictions. He placed 5th in the NSW Championship in 2004. He competed in one race in his home state of New South Wales at Oran Park Raceway.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Formula BMW.

paragraph: In 2005, Antunes moved to Europe to pursue his career and competed in the Formula BMW UK Championship. Antunes drove for Motaworld Racing finishing 7th in the championship and in the top 5 teams. The season included one win, 3 third placings and 3 pole positions.

paragraph: Antunes also raced at the Formula BMW World Championship in Bahrain for Motaworld Racing. He finished 5th – the highest finish for Motaworld racing to date – up from 18th place in qualifying.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Formula Renault.

paragraph: 2006 saw Antunes step into Formula Renault car for the first time North European and European Series but did not race the full season. Racing with Motopark Academy, Antunes raced at Circuit Zolder, also known as Circuit Terlaemen in Belgium, qualifying 23rd and finishing 14th. He also raced in the Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup at Motorsport Arena Oschersleben in Germany, Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium and Nürburgring in Germany.

paragraph: Antunes also tested at the World Series by Renault.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Formula 3.

paragraph: Antunes also competed in the Formula 3 Recaro Cup German Championship in 2006 with the HS Technik Motorsport team. At three events Antunes placed eighth, sixth, fourth, third, first and retired due to car failure and took one pole position in six races.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:GP2.

paragraph: On 30 October 2007, Antunes tested for Super Nova Racing at Paul Ricard Circuit in France.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Toyota Racing Series.

paragraph: Antunes competed in the Toyota Racing Series in New Zealand with Team European Technique owned by Trevor Sheumatk. Trevor Scheumatk is the Managing Director of Track Tyres, the sole distributor of Michelin Racing Tyres in Australia and New Zealand. He placed 14th.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:A1 Grand Prix.

paragraph: He made his A1 Grand Prix debut with A1 Team Australia in Shanghai, China in April 2008. He drove in the Rookie seesions for the team, placing 7th and 8th in session 1 and 2 respectively. This paced the team in 7th overall.

paragraph: In Brands Hatch in May 2008, he again drove for the team in the Rookie sessions, notching up a 10th and an 8th place.

paragraph: Section::::Career results.

paragraph: † Team result

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A1GP Brands Hatch

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nathan Antunes Driver Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photos by Driver: Nathan Antunes

paragraph: BULLET::::- NathanAntunes.com Official website

description: Australian racing driver

wikidata_label: Nathan Antunes

wikipedia_title: Nathan Antunes


text:
French
mathematician
French Academy of Sciences
integral calculus

categories: 1711 deaths,18th-century French mathematicians,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,People from Seine-et-Marne,1663 births,17th-century French mathematicians

paragraph: Louis Carré (mathematician)

paragraph: Louis Carré (26 July 1663 – 17 April 1711) was a French mathematician and member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was the author of one of the first books on integral calculus. This level of activity led to him being brought on as an Associate Mechanician on 15 February 1702 and being promoted to Pensioner on 18 August 1706. This provided him with an income which allowed him to devote himself entirely to his academic studies during the final five years of his life. At age 46 he suffered an attack of dyspepsia from which he died in 1711.

description: mathematician

wikidata_label: Louis Carré

wikipedia_title: Louis Carré (mathematician)


text:
Dutch Golden Age
Dordrecht
J.C. Weyerman
Confrerie Pictura
Jacob Gerritsz. Cuyp
Pieter van Noort
Jan Davidsz de Heem
Abraham van Beyeren
Alexander Adrianssen
Jan Dirven
Pieter van den Bemden
Benjamin Gerritsz Cuyp
Jan Abel Wassenbergh
the Hague
Van Beyeren
Lille Museum
Isaac van Duynen

categories: 1628 births,Artists from Dordrecht,Dutch still life painters,1680s deaths,Dutch male painters,Dutch Golden Age painters

paragraph: Isaac van Duynen

paragraph: Isaac van Duynen (1628 – ca. 1680) was a Dutch Golden Age still life painter.

paragraph: He was a native of Dordrecht, who according to Houbraken was one of the best still life painters of fish. According to J.C. Weyerman he became a member of the Confrerie Pictura in 1665 and was the son of guild member Gerrit van Duynen. He was possibly a pupil of Jacob Gerritsz. Cuyp and was also known as Deynen or Duijnen. He travelled to Rome during the years 1651-1657 and is known for fish & fruit still lifes. In 1657 on his return to the Netherlands he settled in The Hague and became a member of the Confrerie in 1665. He was a follower of Pieter van Noort and Jan Davidsz de Heem. His works are sometimes confused with those of Abraham van Beyeren, Alexander Adrianssen, Jan Dirven, Pieter van den Bemden, Benjamin Gerritsz Cuyp, and Jan Abel Wassenbergh. He died between December 1679 and February 1681.

paragraph: According to Bryan he went in 1664 to the Hague, where he became a pupil of Van Beyeren, and painted sea and river fish very successfully. Bryan wrote that he died at the Hague in 1688 or 1689. There is a picture of "Cod-fish" by him in the Lille Museum.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isaac van Duynen on Hoogsteder & Hoogsteder website with archival evidence of quarrelsome behavior

paragraph: Attribution:

alias:
Isaac van Duyn
Isaac Van Duynen
Jan van Duynen
Isaac van Duijn
van Duynen
Doyner
Van Duyning
Izaak van Duinen
Van Dyning
Jean Van Duynen
van Duijn
D. Douyn
Jan van Duyn
J. van Duinen
V. Duynen
izaac van duynen
j. v. duynen
J. Duivens
Van Duhnen
J. Van Duynen
van Duyn
J. van Duijven

description: Dutch Golden Age painter

wikidata_label: Isaac van Duynen

wikipedia_title: Isaac van Duynen


text: Nippur

text: Assos

text: Anatolia

text: Rowe, Massachusetts

text: North Adams

text: Williams College

text: Williamstown

text: Charles Eliot Norton

text: American Institute of Archaeology

text: Crete

text: Crete

text: Athens

text: William J. Stillman

text: Athens

text: Assos

text: Robert College

text: Central Turkey College

text: Aintab

text: Archaeological Institute of America

text: John Robert Sitlington Sterrett

text: Assos

text: Anatolia

text: Aksehir

text: Hittite

text: Elflatunpinar

text: Seljuk

text: Konya

text: Konya

text: Cappadocia

text: Kayseri

text: Ankara

text: Cappadocia

text: Boğazköy

text: Elflatunpinar

text: Konya

text: Allaedin Kiubad Mosque

text: İnce Minare Medresesi

text: Cappadocia

text: Selime

text: Göreme

text: Soğanlı Valleys

text: Selime

text: National Geographic

text: Sterret

text: Anatolia

text: William R. Ware

text: Columbia University

text: Karadağ

text: Harvard University

text: Archaeological Institute of America

text: Wolfe

text: John Sitlington Sterrett

text: William Hayes Ward

text: Mersin

text: Mardin

text: Mosul

text: Erbil

text: Baghdad

text: Mesopotamia

text: Palmyra

text: Cornell University

text: Wolfe

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Nippur

text: John Punnett Peters

text: Wolfe

text: Assyriologists

text: Herman V. Hilprecht

text: Nippur

text: Hilprecht

text: Peters

text: Nippur

text: Peters

text: Nippur

text: Baghdad

text: Nippur

text: cuneiform

text: Sumerian

text: Herman Hilprecht

text: Assyriologists

text: Nippur

text: Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III

text: Robert G. Ousterhout

text: Pera Museum

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Nippur

text: Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III

text: American Institute of Archaeology

text: William James Stillman

text: John Robert Sitlington Sterrett

text: Website of The Pera Museum, Istanbul

categories: Archaeological photographers,People from Rowe, Massachusetts,American photographers,1849 births,American archaeologists,Williams College alumni,1910 deaths

paragraph: John Henry Haynes

paragraph: John Henry Haynes (27 January 1849 – 29 June 1910) was an American traveller, archaeologist and photographer, best known for his work at the first two American archaeological excavations in the Mediterranean, and Mesopotamia at Nippur and Assos. Haynes can be regarded as the father of American archaeological photography and his corpus remains an important record of numerous archaeological sites across Ottoman Anatolia.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: John Henry Haynes was born in 1849 in Rowe, Massachusetts. He was the eldest son of John W. Haynes and Emily Taylor.  Haynes' father died when he was still young, and he put off his education to care for his younger siblings.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: In 1870, at the age of 21, Haynes enrolled in Drury Academy in North Adams. Two years later, he began his study of classics at Williams College in Williamstown. He worked his way through college, and following his graduation briefly held a position as a high school principal. In 1880, due to a chance encounter with Charles Eliot Norton, the first president of the American Institute of Archaeology, Haynes was offered a position on an archaeological expedition to Crete.

paragraph: Section::::Early Career.

paragraph: Haynes's team was not able to secure a permit for the originally planned Crete expedition, and Haynes chose instead to travel to Athens. During his time there, he met photographer William J. Stillman and began working as his assistant. Following the completion of his project in Athens, Haynes joined an American archaeological excursion to Assos, where he worked under Joseph Thatcher Clarke as an archeological photographer. Despite being hired as a photographer for the project, Hayne's lack of equipment forced him to abandon photography during the 1881 dig season, and he instead became captivated by the archeological work. Following this unsuccessful first season, Haynes returned in the summer of 1882 better equipped, but this first season of archaeological work heavily influenced him, and he portrayed himself as an archaeologist for the rest of his career.

paragraph: In between his early digs, Haynes elected to remain abroad, becoming a professor of English and Latin at one of the mission schools established in the Ottoman Empire, Robert College, and then later at Central Turkey College in Aintab.

paragraph: Section::::Journeys Through Anatolia.

paragraph: Funded by the Archaeological Institute of America, Haynes and John Robert Sitlington Sterrett, who he had met during the expedition at Assos, spent the summer of 1884 documenting their travels through Anatolia. The two began at Aksehir, and traveled first to a Hittite shrine in Elflatunpinar and then to the Seljuk capital at Konya. From Konya, the two traveled across Cappadocia to Kayseri, visiting American missionaries at Talsa, then heading east toward Mayalata. Finally, the two returned to Ankara, traveling back through Cappadocia and Boğazköy, taking almost 320 photographs. The photographs Haynes took on this expedition were the first taken of Elflatunpinar, and most likely at Konya as well. Haynes was able to document such sites as the Seljuk Kiosk, which has since been destroyed, as well as details of the Allaedin Kiubad Mosque that are no longer present. He was also able to capture photos of the İnce Minare Medresesi before its turret was destroyed.

paragraph: While on his expeditions, Haynes was particularly fascinated by the region of Cappadocia. He took dozens of photographs at sites including the area around Selime and the Göreme, and Soğanlı Valleys. He believed that many of the rock formations he photographed in Selime had been dwellings of early Christians fleeing persecution, and he planned on publishing a book on the matter, which never came to fruition. Haynes photographs of this region were, however, published in a 1919 National Geographic article entitled “The Cone Dwellers of Asia Minor: A Primitive People Who Live in Nature-Made Apartment Houses Fashioned by Volcanic Violence and Trickling Streams”. Unfortunately, this article, as with much of Haynes work, was credited to someone else, namely his partner Sterret, who claimed possession of many of the photographs following their expedition.

paragraph: In 1887, Haynes set out on another expedition to Anatolia, funded by William R. Ware of Columbia University with the purpose of photographing archeological sites. Haynes revisited many of the cities from his first journey, and again provided us with invaluable documentation of sites long destroyed such as the “Thousand and One Churches” at Karadağ. Haynes produced a folio of this work in 1882, the only full copies of which are now housed at the Aga Khan Library at Harvard University.

paragraph: Section::::Work in Nippur.

paragraph: In 1884, Haynes’s affiliation with the Archaeological Institute of America led him to become a part of the Wolfe expedition, a reconnaissance expedition to choose the site for what would become the Babylon Expedition Fund’s first trip to the Near East. In October 1884, Haynes, together with his former partner John Sitlington Sterrett, William Hayes Ward, and Daniel Z. Noorian assembled in Mersin. From there, they traveled through Iraq, visiting Mardin, Mosul, and Erbil before stopping in Baghdad. The group returned in 1885 through Syria, continuing to probe sites in what was southern Mesopotamia before landing in Palmyra. Haynes continued to photograph while on this expedition, and Cornell University now possesses what they believe is the most complete collection of Haynes’s Wolfe Expedition photographs.

paragraph: In 1887, Haynes was appointed as the business manager and photographer for the University of Pennsylvania-affiliated dig at Nippur.  During the first excavation season, he was accompanied by John Punnett Peters, who led the expedition, Perez Hastings Field, an architect, Daniel Noorian, who had worked with Haynes on the Wolfe Expedition, and two Assyriologists named Frank Harper and Herman V. Hilprecht. The first campaign ended in April 1889, mere months after the group arrived in Nippur, due to conflicts with local tribesman as well as clashes between Hilprechtand Peters.

paragraph: In January 1890, Haynes returned to Nippur with Peters and Noorian, this time remaining for five months. Following this campaign, he returned to the site alone, acting as the director and for three years. In early 1899, Haynes returned to Nippur for one final season accompanied by his wife, Cassandra Artella Smith, and two young architects, Clarence S. Fisher and H. Valentine Geere. During this time Haynes also served as the first American consul to Baghdad from 1889-92.

paragraph: While in Nippur Haynes discovered somewhere around 17,000 cuneiform tablets dating from around 1749-1712 BCE, a collection which constitutes most of what we know of Sumerian Literature. This discovery, however, is often credited to Herman Hilprecht, one of the original Assyriologists on the dig, who claimed to have ‘rescued’ the site from Haynes’s alleged incompetence.

paragraph: These tablets, along with other artifacts collected from the digs at Nippur, reside at the University of Pennsylvania  Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia and in Istanbul.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement and death.

paragraph: Haynes left Nippur in 1900. He returned to Massachusetts, and in 1905 he had a mental breakdown and was institutionalized. His obituary of 27 June 1910 called him 'Broken in Body and Spirit.' He is buried in North Adams, Massachusetts, where his tombstone is a replica of the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Haynes career was largely ignored by the academic establishment until 2011, with the publication of "John Henry Haynes. A Photographer and Archaeologist in the Ottoman Empire" by Robert G. Ousterhout, Professor of at the University of Pennsylvania. The Pera Museum in Istanbul and the University of Pennsylvania have also organized exhibitions of his photographs.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nippur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Institute of Archaeology

paragraph: BULLET::::- William James Stillman

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Robert Sitlington Sterrett

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ousterhout, Robert G. "John Henry Haynes. A Photographer and Archaeologist in the Ottoman Empire". London and Istanbul: Caique Publishing Ltd, 2011 ().

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website of The Pera Museum, Istanbul

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archaeologists and Travellers in Ottoman Lands

paragraph: BULLET::::- He is buried in North Adams, MA and here are some pictures of his gravesite

alias:
Haynes, J. H
John H. Haynes

description: American archaeologist

wikidata_label: John Henry Haynes

wikipedia_title: John Henry Haynes


text: Northwest Territory

text: New Hampshire

text: Committee of Safety

text: President Washington

text: Exeter, New Hampshire

text: Nicholas Gilman

text: Boston, Massachusetts

text: Beverly, Massachusetts

text: Benjamin

text: New Hampshire House of Representatives

text: Rockingham County

text: New Hampshire Senate

text: American Revolutionary War

text: Ohio Company of Associates

text: Northwest Territory

text: Marietta

text: Arthur St. Clair

text: Rufus Putnam

text: Ohio

text: Vincennes

text: Detroit

text: Cincinnati

text: Winthrop Sargent Gilman

text: Greenwood Cemetery

text: Brooklyn

categories: Northwest Territory judges,People from Exeter, New Hampshire,1806 deaths,Gilman family of New Hampshire,New Hampshire state senators,1738 births,Politicians from Marietta, Ohio

paragraph: Joseph Gilman (1738–1806)

paragraph: Joseph Gilman (5 May 1738 – 14 May 1806) was a pioneer settler in the Northwest Territory of the United States. Prior to his immigration to the frontier, he was a state senator in New Hampshire, and member of the Committee of Safety. President Washington appointed him to be one of three judges in the territory in 1796. He served until the territory was dissolved in 1803.

paragraph: Section::::Youth.

paragraph: Joseph Gilman was the son of Reverend Nicholas Gilman and Mary (Thing) Gilman. He was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, on May 5, 1738. He was a cousin of Nicholas Gilman. He was educated in his hometown, and went to Boston, Massachusetts, at age fifteen to work for a merchant. He stayed there until at least 1760, and in 1761 entered into partnership for seven years with Nathaniel Folsom and Josiah Gilman in Exeter as "Folsom, Gilman and Gilman" to keep a store, build ships and make seas voyages. They had extensive dealings in England and the Caribbean.

paragraph: Gilman was married to Jane Tyler, who probably died in 1760, and then to Rebecca Ives (1745-1823) of Beverly, Massachusetts, in 1763. They had sons Robert (1764-1766) and Benjamin (1766-1833).

paragraph: Section::::Public life.

paragraph: In the autumn of 1776, Gilman was appointed by the New Hampshire House of Representatives as Treasurer of Rockingham County, and in 1779 he was commissioned as a justice of the peace. He was elected to the New Hampshire Senate twice, and served from 1784 to 1787. He was the chairman of the New Hampshire Committee of Safety in the American Revolutionary War, a group responsible for supplies for the state's troops. At the end of the war, the currency collapsed, and debts were hard to collect. Gilman became an associate of the Ohio Company of Associates, and decided to emigrate to the Northwest Territory with his wife and son for a fresh start.

paragraph: Section::::Life in Northwest Territory.

paragraph: Gilman and family arrived at Marietta in 1789. In 1790, Territorial Governor Arthur St. Clair appointed him as Judge of Probate, Judge of the Court of Quarter Sessions, Justice of the Peace, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1796, Rufus Putnam resigned as a Judge of the Northwest Territory to accept appointment as Surveyor General of the Northwest Territory. President Washington appointed Gilman to the judicial position, with consent of the Senate, and he served until Ohio became a state and the territory was dissolved in 1803. Gilman had to travel for the court, as sessions were held in Vincennes, Detroit, and Cincinnati, as well as at Marietta.

paragraph: Gilman died at Marietta on May 14, 1806. He was buried there, but his grandson Winthrop Sargent Gilman had him re-interred many years later at the Gilman family plot at Greenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.

description: pioneer, judge

wikidata_label: Joseph Gilman

wikipedia_title: Joseph Gilman (1738–1806)


text:
King of Serbia
Stefan Uroš V
Serbia
Macedonia
Ragusan
Mavro Orbini
Mrnjava
Zachlumia
Uglješa Mrnjavčević
Livno
Bosnia
Trebinje
Travunia
Zachlumia
Helen of Anjou
Bosnia
Dušan
Ohrid
Marko
Prilep
despot
Stefan Uroš V
Prizren
Skopje
Prilep
Jovan Uglješa
Ser
Prince Marko
Mount Athos
Ottoman Empire
beylerbey
Rumeli
Lala Şâhin Paşa
Battle of Maritsa
Old Cyrillic
Marko Mrnjavčević
Andrijaš Mrnjavčević
Dmitar Mrnjavčević
Brian Aldiss
House of Mrnjavčević
Serbian nobility conflict (1369)
Serbian epic poetry

categories: People from Livno,Characters in Serbian epic poetry,1320s births,Medieval Serbian military leaders,History of Kosovo,Mrnjavčević family,Medieval Serbian magnates,Despots (court title),Medieval Macedonia,People of the Serbian Empire,14th-century Serbian nobility,1371 deaths

paragraph: Vukašin of Serbia

paragraph: Vukašin Mrnjavčević (, ; c. 1320 – 26 September 1371) was King of Serbia as the co-ruler of Stefan Uroš V from 1365 to 1371. Principal domains of king Vukašin and his family were located in southern parts of medieval Serbia and northwestern parts of the historical region of Macedonia.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: According to 17th-century Ragusan historian Mavro Orbini, his father was a minor noble named Mrnjava from Zachlumia, whose sons Vukašin and Uglješa Mrnjavčević were born in Livno in western Bosnia. Some of Orbin's historical accounts are based on oral traditions of his time, but a 1280 Ragusan document mentions a Mrnjan as a nobleman from Trebinje, a town in Travunia in the vicinity of Zachlumia. The same Mrnjan is mentioned again in a 1289 charter as a treasurer of the Serbian queen Helen of Anjou. After Zachlumia was annexed by Bosnia in 1326, the family of Mrnjan, or Mrnjava, could have moved to Livno. Possibly the family supported Serbian Emperor Dušan's invasion of Bosnia in 1350, as did other Zachlumian nobles, and fearing punishment, emigrated to Serbia when the war was about to start. In favor of Zachumlian or Travunian origin of Vukašin also speaks the inscription on the tomb in a church in Ohrid, where certain Ostoja Rajaković of the Ugarčić clan (died 1379) is referred to as a cousin of Vukašin's eldest son Marko. The Ugarčić clan is attested in contemporary sources as inhabiting the region of Trebinje.

paragraph: After Serbia had expanded southwards into Macedonia, the local feudal lords—Greeks—were replaced with Serbs, many of whom were from Zachlumia and Travunia. In c. 1350 Emperor Dušan appointed Vukašin the župan (district governor) of Prilep in Macedonia. From then on Vukašin rapidly rose, and was one of the most dominant Serbian nobles at the time of the sudden death of Dušan in 1355. He was given the title of despot by Dušan's successor Emperor Stefan Uroš V. In 1365 he was crowned King of the Serbs and Greeks as the co-ruler of Emperor Uroš. He ruled over an area which included Prizren, Skopje and Prilep, and had good relations with his brother, Despot Jovan Uglješa who ruled an area around Ser. Later he became strong enough to disobey Uroš. By 1369, as Uroš was childless, Vukašin designated his eldest son Prince Marko as hair to the throne, with the title of "young king".

paragraph: In 1370 he contributed to the monasteries of Mount Athos and prepared a war against the Ottoman Empire, which his brother supported. Vukašin was to attack Trebinje in June 1371 but it was never carried out. In September 1371, he established a coalition with his brother against the Ottomans and advanced. The Serbian army of the coalition numbering ca. 70,000 men met the Ottoman army led by beylerbey of Rumeli Lala Şâhin Paşa at Battle of Maritsa on 26 September 1371 where superior Ottoman tactics won over outnumbering coalition army. The Ottomans attacked the Serbian Army while they rested and Vukašin's forces were routed and himself killed during the battle.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: With his wife Jelena (Old Cyrillic: Алѣна), Vukašin at least five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marko Mrnjavčević

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrijaš Mrnjavčević

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dmitar Mrnjavčević

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivaniš Mrnjavčević

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olivera Mrnjavčević

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jelisanta

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jelena, married to Rajko Moneta

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Brian Aldiss - published an alternative-history fantasy story "The Day Of The Doomed King" about King Vukašin.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Mrnjavčević

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serbian nobility conflict (1369)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serbian epic poetry

description: Serbian medieval nobleman

wikidata_label: Vukašin Mrnjavčević

wikipedia_title: Vukašin of Serbia


text:
Swedish
ice hockey
goaltender
Ak Bars Kazan
Kontinental Hockey League
Swedish Hockey League
Modo Hockey
2014–15 SHL season
2015–16
Honken Trophy
2018–19 SHL regular season

categories: Djurgårdens IF Hockey players,Modo Hockey players,Timrå IK players,IF Björklöven players,1992 births,Wings HC Arlanda players,Almtuna IS players,Swedish ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Adam Reideborn

paragraph: Adam Reideborn (born January 18, 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with Ak Bars Kazan of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Reideborn made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with Modo Hockey during the 2014–15 SHL season.

paragraph: After the 2015–16 season, despite appearing in a career high 32 games he was unable to prevent Modo from suffering relegation, Reideborn opted to remain in the SHL, signing a two-year contract to return to Djurgårdens IF on April 7, 2016. Reideborn was awarded the Honken Trophy as the best goaltender in the 2018–19 SHL regular season.

paragraph: On 24 May 2019, Reideborn left the SHL after his strong season, securing his first contract abroad, agreeing to a one-year deal with Ak Bars Kazan of the KHL.

description: Swedish ice hockey goaltender

wikidata_label: Adam Reideborn

wikipedia_title: Adam Reideborn


text:
freestyle skiing
moguls
2014 Winter Olympics
women's moguls

categories: People from Nagaoka, Niigata,Olympic freestyle skiers of Japan,Sportspeople from Niigata Prefecture,1989 births,Japanese female freestyle skiers,Living people,Freestyle skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Junko Hoshino

paragraph: Junko Hoshino (born September 25, 1989) is a Japanese skier who competes in the freestyle skiing event of moguls. She represented Japan in the 2014 Winter Olympics, finishing 15th in women's moguls.

description: Japanese freestyle skier

wikidata_label: Junko Hoshino

wikipedia_title: Junko Hoshino


text:
Marseille
Joseph Chevillon
Chamber of Deputies
Les Éparges
Henri Raybaud
Allauch

categories: Members of the 11th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic,Independent Radical politicians,French military personnel killed in World War I,Politicians from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur,Members of the 10th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic,People from Marseille,1915 deaths,1879 births,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)

paragraph: Frédéric Chevillon

paragraph: Frédéric Chevillon (1879-1915) was a French politician.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Chevillon was born on 12 January 1879 in Marseille, France. His father, Joseph Chevillon, was a politician.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1912 to 1915.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on 21 February 1915 in Les Éparges, France.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: His statue, designed by Henri Raybaud, was dedicated on the "Place de la corderie-Henri Bergasse" in Allauch in 1917.

description: French politician

wikidata_label: Frédéric Chevillon

wikipedia_title: Frédéric Chevillon


text:
baseball
shortstop
Baltimore Orioles
Major League Baseball
Arizona Diamondbacks
New York Mets
Atlanta Braves
2010 Major League Baseball draft
Ardrey Kell High School
Charlotte, North Carolina
East Carolina University
college baseball
Seattle Mariners
2013 MLB Draft
Everett AquaSox
Clinton LumberKings
High Desert Mavericks
Jackson Generals
Dominic Leone
Welington Castillo
Gabby Guerrero
Arizona Diamondbacks
Mark Trumbo
Vidal Nuño
Mobile BayBears
Reno Aces
New York Mets
Cody Carroll
Baltimore Orioles
Camden Yards
Chicago Cubs
Texas Rangers
Baltimore Orioles
East Carolina Pirates bio

categories: Baseball players from North Carolina,Las Vegas 51s players,Sportspeople from Charlotte, North Carolina,Salt River Rafters players,Major League Baseball infielders,Arizona Diamondbacks players,1992 births,New York Mets players,East Carolina Pirates baseball players,Everett AquaSox players,Clinton LumberKings players,Mobile BayBears players,Jackson Generals (Southern League) players,High Desert Mavericks players,Living people,Reno Aces players

paragraph: Jack Reinheimer

paragraph: John Patrick Reinheimer (born July 19, 1992) is an American professional baseball shortstop in the Baltimore Orioles organization. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks and New York Mets.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Seattle Mariners.

paragraph: Reinheimer was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 31st round of the 2010 Major League Baseball draft out of Ardrey Kell High School in Charlotte, North Carolina. He did not sign with the Braves and attended East Carolina University to play college baseball. He was then drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the fifth round of the 2013 MLB Draft. He signed and spent 2013 with the Everett AquaSox where he batted .269 with two home runs and 30 RBIs in 66 games. In 2014, he played for the Clinton LumberKings and High Desert Mavericks, posting a combined .276 batting average with three home runs, 58 RBIs, and 39 stolen bases in 130 total games between both teams. He started 2015 with the Jackson Generals.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Arizona Diamondbacks.

paragraph: On June 3, 2015 the Mariners traded Reinheimer along with Dominic Leone, Welington Castillo and Gabby Guerrero to the Arizona Diamondbacks for Mark Trumbo and Vidal Nuño. Arizona assigned him to the Mobile BayBears and he finished the season there. In 124 total games between Jackson and Mobile, he slashed .270/.342/.363 with five home runs and 42 RBIs. Reinheimer spent 2016 with the Reno Aces where he compiled a .288 batting average with two home runs and 48 RBIs in 132 games. The Diamondbacks added him to their 40-man roster after the 2016 season. He began 2017 with Reno. Reinheimer made his MLB debut on August 2, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: He was claimed off waivers by the New York Mets on July 31, 2018.

paragraph: Reinheimer recorded his first Major League hit on August 15 against Cody Carroll of the Baltimore Orioles at Camden Yards.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2018-19 offseason.

paragraph: On November 2, 2018, he was claimed off waivers by the Chicago Cubs. On November 20, he was claimed by the Texas Rangers. On January 28, 2019, he was claimed by the Baltimore Orioles. The Orioles designated him for assignment on February 7.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- East Carolina Pirates bio

description: American Baseball Player

wikidata_label: Jack Reinheimer

wikipedia_title: Jack Reinheimer


text: Major League Baseball

text: right fielder

text: Pine Grove, Pennsylvania

text: Pittsburgh Pirates

text: Washington Senators

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Boston Braves

text: hit for the cycle

text: minor league

text: Minneapolis Millers

text: American Association

text: car dealer

text: automobile accident

text: St. Paul, Minnesota

text: Hudson, Wisconsin

text: Retrosheet

categories: Boston Braves players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Chicago Cubs players,Major League Baseball right fielders,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Baseball players from Pennsylvania,1876 births,Road incident deaths in Minnesota,1926 deaths,Burials in Wisconsin,Washington Senators (1901–60) players

paragraph: Otis Clymer

paragraph: Otis Edgar Clymer (January 27, 1876 – February 27, 1926) was an American Major League Baseball player who was primarily a right fielder for four teams during his six-season career. Born in Pine Grove, Pennsylvania, he played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Washington Senators, Chicago Cubs, and the Boston Braves from 1905 to 1913.

paragraph: Clymer's most notable moment came on October 2, 1908, when he hit for the cycle. When he left Major League baseball, he played for the minor league Minneapolis Millers of the American Association from 1911 to 1914.

paragraph: After his baseball career, which was hampered by constant leg injuries, Clymer became a car dealer. He died at age 50 from an automobile accident in St. Paul, Minnesota. He is interred at Willow River Cemetery in Hudson, Wisconsin.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: , or Retrosheet

description: Major League Baseball player

wikidata_label: Otis Clymer

wikipedia_title: Otis Clymer


text:
Sunni
Muslim
Sufi
Chishti Order
Indian Subcontinent
Fariduddin Ganjshakar
Moinuddin Chishti
silsila
Ziauddin Barani
Badayun
Ain-i-Akbari
Mughal Emperor
Akbar
vizier
Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
Pakpattan
Pakistan
Fariduddin Ganjshakar
Khanqah
Delhi Sultanate
Nizamuddin Dargah
Urs
Qawwali
Ḥasan al-'Askarī
Bukhara
Farīduddīn Ganjshakar
Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi
Chisti order
Moinuddin Chishti
Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki
Amir Khusrow
sharī'ah
Qazi Qawam-Udeen Siddiqui
Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind
Malda
West Bengal
Burhanuddin Gharib
Deccan
Khuldabad
Bengal
India
Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind
Alaul Haq Pandavi
Pir
Ashraf Jahangir Semnani
Chisti
Sufi
Bihar
shrine
Bihar Sharif
Usman Harooni
Usman Harooni
Gulbarga
Karnataka
Alaul Haq Pandavi
Pandua
Ashraf Jahangir Semnani
Mehrauli
Bareilly
Burhanpur
Medina
Delhi
Pakistan
Hoshiarpur
Pakpattan
Kulachi
Nizamuddin Dargah
Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari
Nasiruddin Muhammad Chirag-e-Dehli
Nasiruddin Muhammad Chirag-e-Dehli
Ashraf Jahangir Semnani
qawwali
A. R. Rahman
Rockstar
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
Ali Hujwiri
Moinuddin Chishti
Aaj Rang Hai
Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind
Alaul Haq Pandavi
Ashraf Jahangir Semnani

wikipedia_title:
Sunni Islam
Muslims
Sufism
Chishti Order
Indian subcontinent
Fariduddin Ganjshakar
Moinuddin Chishti
Silsila
Ziauddin Barani
Budaun
Ain-i-Akbari
Mughal emperors
Akbar
Vizier
Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
Pakpattan
Pakistan
Fariduddin Ganjshakar
Khanqah
Delhi Sultanate
Nizamuddin Dargah
Urs
Qawwali
Hasan al-Askari
Bukhara
Fariduddin Ganjshakar
Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi
Chishti Order
Moinuddin Chishti
Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki
Amir Khusrow
Sharia
Nizamuddin Auliya
Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind
Malda district
West Bengal
Burhanuddin Gharib
Deccan Plateau
Khuldabad
Bengal
India
Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind
Alaul Haq Pandavi
Pir (Sufism)
Ashraf Jahangir Semnani
Chishti Order
Sufism
Bihar
Shrine
Bihar Sharif
Usman Harooni
Usman Harooni
Gulbarga
Karnataka
Alaul Haq Pandavi
Pandua, Malda
Ashraf Jahangir Semnani
Mehrauli
Bareilly
Burhanpur
Medina
Delhi
Pakistan
Hoshiarpur
Pakpattan
Kulachi
Nizamuddin Dargah
Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari
Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi
Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi
Ashraf Jahangir Semnani
Qawwali
A. R. Rahman
Rockstar (2011 film)
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
Ali Hujwiri
Moinuddin Chishti
Aaj Rang Hai
Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind
Alaul Haq Pandavi
Ashraf Jahangir Semnani

categories: 1325 deaths,People from Budaun,Indian people of Arab descent,People from Delhi,Indian Sufi saints,Chishtis,1238 births

paragraph: Nizamuddin Auliya

paragraph: Syed Muhammad Nizamuddin Auliya (; sometimes spelled Awliya; 1238 – 3 April 1325), also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin, and Mahbub-e-Ilahi ( lit. ""Beloved of God"") was a Sunni Muslim scholar, Sufi saint of the Chishti Order, and unarguably one of the most famous Sufis on the Indian Subcontinent. His predecessors were Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, and Moinuddin Chishti, who were the masters of the Chishti spiritual chain or "silsila" in the Indian subcontinent.

paragraph: Nizamuddin Auliya, like his predecessors, stressed love as a means of realising God. For him his love of God implied a love of humanity. His vision of the world was marked by a highly evolved sense of religious pluralism and kindness. It is claimed by the 14th century historiographer Ziauddin Barani that his influence on the Muslims of Delhi was such that a paradigm shift was effected in their outlook towards worldly matters. People began to be inclined towards mysticism and prayers and remaining aloof from the world.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Nizamuddin Auliya was born in Badayun, Uttar Pradesh (Also, spelled as Baduan, it is located near the Ganges river in the center of Western [Uttar Pradesh]). At the age of five, after the death of his father, Syed Abdullah bin Ahmad AlHussaini Badayuni, he came to Delhi with his mother, Bibi Zulekha. His biography finds mention in "Ain-i-Akbari", a 16th-century document written by Mughal Emperor Akbar’s vizier, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.

paragraph: At the age of twenty, Nizāmuddīn went to Ajodhan (the present Pakpattan Sharif in Pakistan) and became a disciple of the Sufi saint Fariduddin Ganjshakar, commonly known as Baba Farid. Nizāmuddīn did not take up residence in Ajodhan but continued with his theological studies in Delhi while simultaneously starting the Sufi devotional practices and the prescribed litanies. He visited Ajodhan each year to spend the month of Ramzan in the presence of Baba Farid. It was on his third visit to Ajodhan that Baba Farid made him his successor. Shortly after that, when Nizāmuddīn returned to Delhi, he received news that Baba Farid had died.

paragraph: Nizāmuddīn lived at various places in Delhi, before finally settling down in Ghiyaspur, a neighbourhood in Delhi undisturbed by the noise and hustle of city life. He built his Khanqah here, a place where people from all walks of life were fed, where he imparted spiritual education to others and he had his own quarters. Before long, the Khanqah became a place thronged with all kinds of people, rich and poor alike.

paragraph: Many of his disciples achieved spiritual height, including "Shaikh Nasiruddin Chirag Delhavi", and "Amir Khusro", noted scholar/musician, and the royal poet of the Delhi Sultanate.

paragraph: He died on the morning of 3 April 1325. His shrine, the Nizamuddin Dargah, is located in Delhi. and the present structure was built in 1562. The shrine is visited by people of all faiths, through the year, though it becomes a place for special congregation during the death anniversaries, or Urs, of Nizamuddin Auliya and Amīr Khusro, who is also buried at the Nizāmuddīn Dargāh.

paragraph: Section::::Key beliefs.

paragraph: Besides believing in the traditional Sufi ideas of embracing God within this life (as he was opposed to the idea that such partial merger with God is possible only after death), by destroying the ego and cleansing the soul, and that this is possible through considerable efforts involving Sufi practices, Nizamuddin also expanded and practised the unique features introduced by past saints of the Chisti Sufi order in India. These included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emphasis on renunciation and having complete trust in God.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The unity of mankind and shunning distinctions based on social, economic and religious status.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helping the needy, feeding the hungry and being sympathetic to the oppressed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strong disapproval of mixing with the Sultans, the princes and the nobles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhortation in making close contact with the poor and the downtrodden

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adopting an uncompromising attitude towards all forms of political and social oppression.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A bold stance in favour of Sema, which some considered unislamic. Perhaps this was with the view that this was in consonance with the role of music in some modes of Hindu worship, could serve as a basis of contact with local people and would facilitate mutual adjustments between the two communities. In fact Qawwali, a form of devotional music, was originally created by one of his most cherished disciples: Amir Khusro.

paragraph: Nizamuddin did not much bother about the theoretical aspects of Sufism, believing rather that it were the practical aspects that counted, as it was anyway not possible to describe the diversified mystical experiences called spiritual states or stations which a practicing Sufi encountered. He discouraged the demonstration of Keramat and emphasised that it was obligatory for the Auliya (which roughly means the friends of God) to hide the ability of Keramat from the commoners. He also was quite generous in accepting disciples. Usually whoever came to him saying that he wanted to become a disciple was granted that favour. This resulted in him being always surrounded by people from all strata of society. He formalized as official policy the custom of Moinuddin Chishti of accepting, initiating, and training students of all faiths without asking a conversion to Islam.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestral history.

paragraph: Like many saints before him, Nizamuddin Aulia traced his lineage from the family of Muhammad. The eldest son of 'Alī al-Naqī was Ḥasan al-'Askarī and the other son was Ja'far Bukhārī. After the death of 'Ali al-Naqi, Hasan al-Askari became the accepted Imām of Shī'ah twelver. Ja'far Bukhārī migrated to Bukhara in Uzbekistan. After a few generations, one of his descendants called 'Alī, known as Syed Ali Dāniyāl AlHussaini, the grandfather of Nizāmuddīn Auliyā', migrated to the city of Badāyūn in Uttar Pradesh, India.

paragraph: Section::::Spiritual history.

paragraph: He was merely sixteen or seventeen years old when he first heard the name of Farīduddīn Ganjshakar, and feelings of love and respect arose in his heart right then. He narrates to his disciples that he never felt the same after hearing or even meeting any other Sufi. The love kept increasing like a burning fire. If his classmates would like to have some work out of him they used to invoke the name of Baba Farid, and he never refused anything asked in his name. He didn't feel the same for anyone else in his entire lifetime. He became his disciple after completing his studies at the age of 20. He visited him thrice in his lifetime.

paragraph: Section::::Students.

paragraph: He had more than 600 khalifas (a khalifa is a disciple who is given the authority to take his own disciples and thus propagate the spiritual lineage) who continued his lineage all over the world. Some of his most famous disciples are:

paragraph: Section::::Students.:Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi.

paragraph: He was the spiritual successor of Nizamuddin Auliya. He is considered fifth amongst the big five of the Chisti order in India (the others being Moinuddin Chishti, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Nizamuddin Auliya). His shrine is in Chirag Dilli, New Delhi, India.

paragraph: Section::::Students.:Amir Khusrow.

paragraph: He was the most loved disciple of his master. He was so close to his master that once Nizāmuddīn Auliyā' said, "If the sharī'ah allowed me I would have liked him to be buried with me in the same grave." Ot is said that he also said that whoever comes to visit his grave must visit the grave of Amīr Khusro first and then his.. He died within a few months of his master's death. He was buried at the feet of his master. His shrine is in Nizāmuddīn Dargāh, New Delhi.

paragraph: Section::::Students.:Qazi Qawam-Udeen Siddiqui.

paragraph: He was given the title Zubtadul Awliya and was a disciple of his master. He along with his father-in-law Qazi Sultan Zulqarni build Rohtak fort. His descendants are named Qawami Siddiquis and now number in thousands, all have migrated to Pakistan and can be found in Mirpur AK, Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore and Multan.

paragraph: Section::::Students.:Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind.

paragraph: He was given the title of "Āainae-Hind" (Mirror of India) by Nizāmuddīn Auliyā' and lived with him for a long time. He was amongst the earliest disciples of Nizāmuddīn Auliyā', who sent him to Bengal. His shrine is at Pirana Pir Dargah, Malda City, Malda, West Bengal.

paragraph: Section::::Students.:Burhanuddin Gharib.

paragraph: He is also amongst the earliest disciples of Nizamuddin Auliya and lived with the master until his death. After the death of Nizamuddin Auliya, he went to the Deccan, and the place where he lived became famous thereby. His shrine is in Khuldabad in Maharashtra.

paragraph: Section::::Students.:Jalaluddin Peer Manik Bhandari.

paragraph: He is also amongst the earliest disciples ( Khalifa )of Nizamuddin Auliya Mehbub e Ilahi Delhi. He ran the Langar khana of Nizamuddin Auliya. He went to the Deccan with Burhanuddin Gharib with 1400 palki, and became famous by the name of Bhandari. His shrine is in Fatehabad Taluka Gangapur District Aurangabad of Maharashtra. His Grand family is living in Aurangabad Maharashtra. And they are conducting Urs shareef every year continuously. His current Sajjada Nashin is Sufi Shaikh Tajuddin Chisty Bhandari & Nayab Sajjada Nashin is Sufi Shaikh Fayazuddin Chisty Bhandari (Tausif Jalal).

paragraph: Section::::Students.:Syed Mahmood Kashkinakar.

paragraph: He holds a very special position among those who follows chishti Sufi. He is believed to be alive in the invisible world even after his death in the visible world. There are miracles in the literature of the Chisti order which are attributed to this.

paragraph: Section::::Quotations.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. The wilayat (domain) of gnosis and faith can suffer decay. The wilayat of compassion can not.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. The love of Auliya (saints) is stronger than their reason.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. The lock of spiritual perfection has very many keys. All those keys are to be possessed. If one does not open it, others can.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. He who has knowledge, reason, and love, is deserving to become a caliph of the Sufi sheikhs.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: Nizamuddin Auliya did not marry. However he had one brother named Jamaluddin. He told him, "your descendants will be my descendants". Jamaluddin had one son named Ibrahim. He was nurtured by Nizamuddin Auliya after Jamaluddin's death. Nizamuddin Auliya sent his nephew to Bengal in Eastern India along with one of his disciples (khalifa) Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind, known as Aaina-e-Hind. Alaul Haq Pandavi (the master (Pir) of Ashraf Jahangir Semnani) became his disciple and khalifa. Ala-ul-Haq Pandwi married his sister-in-law (sister of Syed Badruddin Badr-e-Alam Zahidi) to Ibrahim. They had one son, Fariduddin Tavaela Bukhsh, who became a well known Chisti Sufi of Bihar. He was married to the daughter of Alaul Haq Pandavi. He became the khalifa of Noor Qutb-e-Aalam Padwi (the eldest son and spiritual successor of Alaul Haq Pandavi). His shrine is in Chandpura, Bihar Sharif, Bihar. Many of his descendants are well known Sufis, namely Moinuddin Sani, Naseeruddin Sani, Sultan Chisti Nizami, Bahauddin Chisti Nizami, Deewan Syed Shah Abdul Wahab (his shrine is in Choti Takiya, Biharsharif), Sultan Sani, Amjad Hussain Chisti Nizami, among others. He spread Chisti Nizami order all over Northern India. Ijaza of his Silsila (order) is present in all the existing khanqahs of Bihar. His descendants still reside in Bihar Sharif and can be found in many parts of the world. The current Sajjada Nasheen of Chillah of Usman Harooni is his direct descendant. Fariduddin Tavaela Bukhsh commomerated (originated) the Urs of Usman Harooni at his chillah in Belchi, Bihar Sharif (First Sajjada Nasheen).

paragraph: Nizamuddin Aulia also had one sister named Bibi Ruqayya who is buried next to Bibi Zulekha, the mother of Khwaja Nizamuddin Aulia in Adhchini village in Delhi. Nizamuddin Auliya did not marry. He brought his Pir/Shaikh's grandson named Khwaja Muhammad Imam, who was the son of Bibi Fatima (daughter of Baba Farid and Badruddin is'haq) as mentioned in Seyrul Aulia book, Nizami bansari, The life and time of Khwaja Nizamuddin Aulia by Khaliq Ahmed Nizami. Still the descendents of Khwaja Muhammad Imam are the caretakers of dargah sharif.

paragraph: Section::::The Chisti Nizami order.

paragraph: Nizamuddin Auliya was the founder of the Chisti Nizami order. He had hundreds of disciples (khalifa) who had Ijaza (khilafat) from him to spread the order. Many of the Sufis of the Chisti Nizami order are recognised as great Sufis; the following is a list of notable Sufis of the Chisti Nizami order, which includes his descendants as well as his disciples:

paragraph: Muhammad Hussaini Gisudaraz Bandanawaz, Gulbarga (near Hyderabad), Karnataka; Alaul Haq Pandavi & Noor Qutb-e-Alam Pandwi, Pandua, West Bengal; Ashraf Jahangir Semnani, Kichaucha, Uttar Pradesh; Faqruddin Faqr Dehlvi, Mehrauli, New Delhi; Shah Niyaz Ahmad Barelvi, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh; Shafruddin Ali Ahmed & Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Chirag Dilli, New Delhi; Zainuddin Shirazi, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh; Muhiuddin Yousuf Yahya Madani Chishti, Medina; Kaleemullah Dehlvi Chishti, Delhi; Nizamuddin Aurangabadi; Nizamuddin Hussain, and Meerza Agha Mohammad; Muhammad Sulman Taunswi, Pakistan, Mohammad Meera Hussaini, Hesamuddin Mankpuri, Mian Shah Mohammad Shah, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India, Mian Ali Mohammad Khan, Pakpattan, Pakistan. Khuwaja Noman Nayyir Kulachvi (Khalifa e Majaz) Kulachi, Pakistan.

paragraph: Section::::The Chisti Nizami order.:Branches.

paragraph: Nizamuddin Auliya was an unparalleled Sufi of his time amongst all the existing Sufi orders of that time. Many of his contemporaries were doubtless very powerful spiritual leaders, but he was the most famous of all. In his career of approximately 70 years as a Sufi he saw the reign of seven rulers of the Delhi sultanate. The kings were very loyal to him and respectful of him. When he first arrived as the Qutb of Delhi he settled down at a lonely place on the outskirts of Delhi, Ghyaspur. But he became so famous that Ghyaspur became the main hub of Delhi and so densely populated that he wanted to leave that place but did not. He was buried in the campus of his khanqah. Ghyaspur is now a central locality of New Delhi, and is known after his name Nizamuddin. The area is so vast that it is divided into four parts: Nizamuddin Dargah (where his shrine is situated), Nizamuddin East, Nizamuddin West and Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station.

paragraph: The Chisti order branched out with Nizamuddin Auliya to form the Chisti Nizami order. A parallel branch which started with Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari, another disciple of Baba Farid, was the Chisti Sabiri branch. People started adding Nizami gracefully after their name. He spiritually made many great Sufis amongst his students, descendants and the Sufis of the Nizami order.

paragraph: The branches of the Chisti Nizami order are as follows:

paragraph: Section::::The Chisti Nizami order.:Branches.:Naseeria.

paragraph: His disciple Nasiruddin Muhammad Chirag-e-Dehli started the Nizamia Naseeria branch.

paragraph: Section::::The Chisti Nizami order.:Branches.:Hussainia.

paragraph: The Hussainia branch is named for Syed Muhammad Kamaluddin Hussaini Gisudaraz Bandanawaz. He was the most famous and loved disciple of Nasiruddin Muhammad Chirag-e-Dehli. The khanqah he established in Gulbarga, Karnataka, is still in existence.

paragraph: Fakhri

paragraph: The "Fakhri" branch is named for Muhib Un Nabi Maulana Fakhr Ud Din Fakhr E Jahan Dehlvi, peer o murshid of Shah Niyaz Be Niyaz.

paragraph: Section::::The Chisti Nizami order.:Branches.:Niyazia.

paragraph: Shah Niyaz Ahmad Barelvi, in the 19th century started the Niyazia branch.

paragraph: Section::::The Chisti Nizami order.:Branches.:Serajia.

paragraph: The Nizamia Serajia branch was started by Serajuddin Aqi Seraj. This branch is also known as Chistia Serajia.

paragraph: Section::::The Chisti Nizami order.:Branches.:Ashrafia.

paragraph: The Chistia Ashrafia branch was started by Ashraf Jahangir Semnani. He established a khanqah, still in existence at Kichaucha sharif, Uttar Pradesh, India.

paragraph: Section::::The Chisti Nizami order.:Branches.:Faridia.

paragraph: The Chistia Serajia Faridia order was started by Fariduddin Tavaelabukhsh, a descendant of Nizamuddin Auliya and a Sufi of the Serajia branch of the Chisti order. This branch is also known as Nizamia Serajia Faridia.

paragraph: Section::::The Chisti Nizami order.:Ishq-Nuri.

paragraph: The Ishq Nuri order, branch of the main Chishti- Nizami, was founded by Shaikh Khwaja Khalid Mahmood Chishti sahib, in Lahore, Pakistan, in the 1960s. It is the most contemporary expression of this traditional Sufi lineage. It is mostly found in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, although now some followers are also to be found in the West.

paragraph: Lutfia

paragraph: Silsila Chishtia-Nizamia-Lutfia was continued by Moulana Lutfullah Shah Dankouri. The disciples of this silsila are found in Pakistan, India, England, Canada and USA.

paragraph: Section::::During the short reign of Qutbu'd-Din Mubarak Shah.

paragraph: During the last years of 'Ala'u'd-Din's life, the intrigues of Malik Na'ib deprived Khizr Khan of succeeding legitimately to the throne. Malik Na'ib had Khizr Khan blinded and Qutbu'd-Din Mubarak Shah (1316–20), another claimant to the throne, narrowly escaped death. When Mubarak Shah ascended the throne he had Khizr Khan and the latter's brothers executed. Shaikh Nizamu'd-Din took no interest in political upheavals but could not escape the brunt of Sultan Mubarak Shah's fury for having made Khizr Khan his disciple. Speaking disparagingly of the Shaikh he began to hatch schemes against him. He prohibited his nobles from visiting Ghiyaspur. Mubarak Shah also constructed a mosque, the Masjid-i Miri, Where all the Sufis and 'ulama' were ordered to perform their prayers. The Shaikh refused to comply with the Sultan's orders, remonstrating that the mosque in his neighborhood had a greater claim on him.

paragraph: On the first day of each month, the entire religious community of Delhi, gathered at the palace to offer congratulations prayer to the Sultan. The Shaikh further angered the Sultan by sending a servant as his delegate. The Sultan threatened the Shaikh with serious consequences if he personally failed to pay homage. Refusing to heed the threat, the Shaikh quietly prayed at his mother's tomb and returned to his jama'at-khana. As the last day of the month approached, the capital was filled with anxiety, while the Shaikh himself remained calm. But the first day of the next month did not come for the Sultan. He was assassinated on the first night of Jumada II, 720/8 July 1320 by his favorite and protege, Khusraw Khan Barwar, who was later overthrown by Ghazi Malik who later came to be known as Ghiyasu'd-Din Tughluq.

paragraph: Section::::Urs.

paragraph: The Urs (death anniversary) of Nizamuddin Auliya is celebrated at the Nizamuddin Dargah on the 17th-18th of Rabi II (Rabi-ul-Aaqir), and that of Amir Khusro on the 18th of Shawwal.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: "Arziyan", a "qawwali" in the film "Delhi 6" (2009) composed by A. R. Rahman is dedicated to Nizamuddin Auliya.

paragraph: "Kun Faya Kun" a song in the movie "Rockstar" (2011) is also dedicated to him, and was shot at the dargah.A famous Bangla song 'Kutubuddin Aulia" is made dedicated to him on his historic return to Delhi.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nizami Bansari" by Khawaza Hasan Nizami; also available in Urdu & Hindi by his successor Khawaza Hasan Sani Nizami

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Life and Times of Shaikh Nizam-u'd-din Auliya", by Khaliq Ahmad Nizami; Idarah-i Adabyat-i Delli, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nizam Ad-Din Awliya: Morals for the Heart", by Bruce B. Lawrence; 1991, Paulist Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Khwajah Nizamuddin Auliya", by Abdurrahman Mumin; Qazi Publishers and Distributors, 1998, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya", by Khaliq Ahmad Nizami; National Book Trust, 2004, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dargah of Nizamuddin Auliya", by Laxmi Dhaul; Pallee, Anoop Kamath, Rupa & Co., 2006. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fawa'id al-Fu'ad : Spiritual and Literary Discourses of Shaikh Nizamuddin Awliya." Originally Compiled by Amir Hasan 'Ala' Sijzi Dehlawi. English translation with introduction and historical annotation by Ziya-ul-Hasan Faruqi. New Delhi, D.K. Printworld, 1996, 495 p. .

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nizamuddin Auliya Dargah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ali Hujwiri

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moinuddin Chishti

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aaj Rang Hai

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alaul Haq Pandavi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashraf Jahangir Semnani

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A website about "Nizamuddin Aulia"

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Life of "Nizamuddin Auliya"

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Nizamuddin Aulia" at "Moinuddin Chishti" website

description: One of the most prominent Indian Sufi Saint, lived most of his life around Delhi. Spiritual guide to Amir Khusro.

wikidata_label: Nizam-ud-din Auliya

wikipedia_title: Nizamuddin Auliya