text:
liberal
Weimar Republic
Coswig, Anhalt
Duchy of Anhalt
Frankfurter Zeitung
German People's Party
FVP
Landtag of Prussia
Reichstag
World War I
Stettin
Frankfurter Zeitung
German Democratic Party
Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch
Province of Saxony
Wilhelm Cuno
Weimar Constitution
Occupation of the Ruhr
Treaty of Versailles
Reich Transport Ministry
Gustav Stresemann
Wilhelm Marx
Reichsbahn
Friedrich Ebert
Dawes plan
NSDAP
DNVP
Erich Ludendorff

categories: People from the Duchy of Anhalt,Members of the 12th Reichstag of the German Empire,German Democratic Party politicians,German People's Party (1868) politicians,People from Coswig, Anhalt,German Protestants,Progressive People's Party (Germany) politicians,1926 deaths,Transport ministers of Germany,1858 births,Interior ministers of Germany,Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic

paragraph: Rudolf Oeser

paragraph: Rudolf Oeser (13 November 1858 – 3 June 1926) was a German journalist and liberal politician. From 1922 to 1924 he was a member of several governments of the Weimar Republic, serving as Minister of the Interior and Minister of Transport.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Oeser was born on 13 November 1858 at Coswig, Anhalt, in the Duchy of Anhalt as the son of a manufacturer. He worked as a book trader but then studied philosophy and economics and became a journalist. In 1890-92 he was the editor in chief of the "Ulmer Zeitung" and then joined the business editors of the "Frankfurter Zeitung". In 1902, he became the head of the editorial team for Germany. He was a member of the German People's Party (DtVP) and then the FVP. In 1902, Oeser was elected to the Landtag of Prussia for the constituency of Frankfurt am Main. He was also a member of the Reichstag from 1907 to 1911, arguing for tax breaks for retail traders, the public control of corporate cartels and syndicates and for changes to the Prussian election law.

paragraph: During World War I, Oeser joined the "" and in 1917 became editor of the "Ostseezeitung" and head of the "Stettiner Druckerei" (printing business) at Stettin. However, he continued to contribute articles to the "Frankfurter Zeitung" until the early 1920s. As the war casualties mounted, Oeser urged families to have many children and he also favoured giving women the same political and social status as men.

paragraph: Section::::Weimar Republic.

paragraph: After the end of the war, Oeser was once again a member of the Prussian diet, first of the Landesversammlung, the constituent assembly of Prussia in 1919-21 and then 1921-24 of the Landtag, this time for the German Democratic Party (DDP). After March 1919, he was also Minister for Public Works in the Prussian government, making him responsible for infrastructure including the railways.

paragraph: During the "Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch" of March 1920, Oeser was one of those arrested by the putschists. To prevent a strike by railway workers, Kapp wanted to release Oeser, who insisted that the other Prussian ministers should also be released. The next day, Oeser and Prussian Minister of Finance demanded Kapp's resignation and threatened him with a strike by railway workers. Nevertheless, after the end of the putsch the railway workers' union asked for Oeser's dismissal, claiming he had failed to oppose the putsch vigorously enough. Oeser remained in office and was in charge of transferring control over the railways to the Reich. He then left the Prussian government in April 1921 and became "Landeshauptmann" (provincial head) of the Province of Saxony.

paragraph: In the cabinet of Wilhelm Cuno, Oeser became "Reichsminister des Innern" (interior minister) in November 1922. As a staunch democrat and republican, Oeser was a firm supporter of the Weimar Constitution. During the Occupation of the Ruhr, Oeser hoped for France to incur material losses through a devaluation of the franc. He supported the policy of passive resistance, despite the damaging effect it had on the German economy, thinking it might be used not just to end the "Ruhrkampf" but also to achieve a revision of the much-despised Treaty of Versailles.

paragraph: After the Cuno cabinet resigned in August 1923, Oeser took over the Reich Transport Ministry () in the cabinet of Gustav Stresemann. In the coalition crisis of November 1923 he favoured an exit by the Social Democrats from the cabinet but overestimated their willingness to tolerate a minority government. In the subsequent cabinet of Wilhelm Marx Oeser prepared the "Reichsbahn" for its independence as a formally private institution. In early April 1924, "Reichspräsident" Friedrich Ebert named Oeser as temporary general director of the Reichsbahn, supported by a provisonary board of directors made up of the ministries secretaries of state. To serve its intended role under the Dawes plan, the Reichsbahn required a supervisory board among whose members were some foreigners. Oeser defended this constellation in the Reichstag against attacks from the NSDAP and DNVP. At the end of September, the supervisory board of the Reichsbahn designated Oeser as general director. He left the cabinet formally on 11 October and concentrated on reforming the Reichsbahn.

paragraph: In 1925, he became seriously ill and died on 3 June 1926 in Berlin. Oeser had been married to Emilie Oeser.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Besteuerung des Kleinhandels durch Umsatz-, Branchen-, Filial-, Personal-, usw. Steuern sowie die Lage des Kleinhandels und die Mittel zu ihrer Besserung", 1899/1901

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wie stellen wir uns zu den Kartellen und Syndikaten?", 1902

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mehr Kinder – mehr Erben! Die Bedeutung der biologischen Erbwerte für Kinder und Volk, Zeitgemäße Betrachtungen", 1918

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unsere Kinder – unsere Zukunft" (with a foreword by Erich Ludendorff), 1918

description: Journalist, politician

wikidata_label: Rudolf Oeser

wikipedia_title: Rudolf Oeser


text:
Canadian
stage
film
actress
Hamilton, Ontario
Daniel E. Bandmann
Prince of Wales
Richard III
Ophelia
Juliet
Portia
Lady Macbeth
Richard III
Germany
California
The Still Alarm
Sir Henry Irving
Tennyson
Frances Hodgson Burnett
A Lady of Quality
Broadway
Thomas Bailey Aldrich
Ellen Terry
Sir Henry Irving
Richard III
Cymbeline
Mrs Burnett
Covington, Kentucky
expressman
Elm Bank Horticulture Center
Museum of Fine Arts
motion picture
silent film
Vitagraph Studios
J. Stuart Blackton
John G. Adolfi
World War I
American Theatre Wing
Lady Macbeth
Lionel Barrymore
Kingman, Arizona
The Life of Moses
The Woman the Germans Shot

wikipedia_title:
Canadians
Theatre
Film
Actor
Hamilton, Ontario
Daniel E. Bandmann
Prince of Wales
Richard III (play)
Ophelia
Juliet
Portia (The Merchant of Venice)
Lady Macbeth
Richard III (play)
Germany
California
The Still Alarm
Henry Irving
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Frances Hodgson Burnett
A Lady of Quality
Broadway theatre
Thomas Bailey Aldrich
Ellen Terry
Henry Irving
Richard III (play)
Cymbeline
Frances Hodgson Burnett
Covington, Kentucky
Express mail
Elm Bank Horticulture Center
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Film
Silent film
Vitagraph Studios
J. Stuart Blackton
John G. Adolfi
World War I
American Theatre Wing
Lady Macbeth
Lionel Barrymore
Kingman, Arizona
The Life of Moses
The Woman the Germans Shot

categories: Actresses from Hamilton, Ontario,19th-century Canadian actresses,20th-century Canadian actresses,American people of Welsh descent,Cheney family,Canadian silent film actresses,Canadian stage actresses,1868 births,1950 deaths

paragraph: Julia Arthur

paragraph: Julia Arthur (May 3, 1869 – March 28, 1950) was a Canadian-born stage and film actress.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born Ida Lewis in Hamilton, Ontario, May 3, 1869, she was the daughter of Thomas J. Lewis, a tobacco manufacturer, and Elizabeth (Arthur) Lewis. Her younger sister, Eleanor Letitia Lewis, became an actress known by the stage name, "Eleanor Dorel". Their mother was a fine Shakespearian reader, but only in an amateur way.

paragraph: Ida Lewis began acting at the age of 11, in 1879, when she played the part of Gamora in "The Honeymoon" in some amateur theatricals in her own home. She displayed such remarkable ability for her age that a brilliant future for her was predicted. She made her first professional appearance in 1880 with the Daniel E. Bandmann repertoire company as the Prince of Wales in "Richard III", and thenceforth she was before the public as Julia Arthur, using the first name of Julia and her mother's maiden name. Her first New York success was at the Union Square Theatre in "The Black Masque" a stage adaptation of Edgar Allen Poe's "Masque of the Red Death" by Frederick Giles.

paragraph: At the age of 12, in 1881, she became the leading woman, playing Ophelia, Juliet, Portia, Lady Macbeth, Lady Anne in "Richard III", and other important roles, and remained with the Bandmann company until 1884. A year of study in Germany followed. Upon her return in 1885 she joined a repertoire company in California, playing the leading female roles in a number of modern plays, among them the "Galley Slave", "Called Back", "Two Orphans", "Woman Against Woman", "Captain Swift", "Colleen Bawn", "Arrah na Pogue", "Jim the Penman", "The Silver King", "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "The Still Alarm", "Peril", "Divorce", and "The Private Secretary".

paragraph: She made her debut in London in February 1895, with Sir Henry Irving's Company, as Rosamond in Tennyson's "Becket". Subsequently she toured with Sir Henry Irving's Company in the United States.

paragraph: She performed in Frances Hodgson Burnett's play "A Lady of Quality".

paragraph: Section::::Mature career.

paragraph: In February 1892 she gained her first real success at the Union Square Theatre in New York in the role of the Queen in "The Black Masque". This performance made her famous, and from the opening night her services were in great demand. A few weeks later she became leading woman in A.M. Palmer's stock company, then considered the leading one in America. With it she played Jeanne in the "Broken Seal"; Letty Fletcher in "Saints and Sinners"; and Lady Windermere in "Lady Windermere's Fan" – her Broadway debut, on February 5, 1893; but her greatest triumph was in "Mercedes", a short play by Thomas Bailey Aldrich. She made such an impression that the author presented her with the full rights to the play.

paragraph: Arthur made her second appearance on Broadway in "Sister Mary", which ran from May 15 to 29, 1894. Later that year she went to England, where she made her London debut on February 1, 1895, as leading woman, next to Ellen Terry, in Sir Henry Irving's Lyceum Theatre. She played Elaine in "King Arthur"; Sophia in "Olivia"; Queen Anne in "Richard III"; Rosamond in "Becket"; and Imogene in "Cymbeline", the last said to be her greatest role.

paragraph: She returned to America in 1896 with the Irving-Terry company, and was so heartily received that she decided to appear the following season with her own company. On October 14, 1897, she presented a dramatization of Mrs Burnett's novel, "A Lady of Quality", herself taking the role of Clorinda Wildairs, and fully justifying her right to appear as a star. The play had its Broadway opening on November 1, 1897.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: At Covington, Kentucky, on February 23, 1898, Julia Arthur (née Ida Lewis) married Benjamin Pierce Cheney, Jr., only son of the wealthy Boston expressman, whose country estate is now the Elm Bank Horticulture Center.

paragraph: They made their home in Boston, with a summer estate on Calf Island. They were patrons of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, donating a number of antiquities. The couple produced no children.

paragraph: On October 3, 1898, she appeared for the first time as Parthenia in her own production of "Ingomar", repeating the successes of the previous year. On November 28, 1898, she produced "As You Like It" at Wallack's in New York City, and her performance of the part of Rosalind was conceded to be one of the best known to the American stage.

paragraph: Arthur returned to Broadway on October 24, 1899, in "More than Queen", which continued through November 1899.

paragraph: Section::::Early cinema.

paragraph: With her growing success on stage in America, Julia Arthur was offered a chance to perform in the fledgling motion picture industry. She appeared in her first silent film – "Barbara Frietchie: The Story of a Patriotic American Woman" – in 1908 with Vitagraph Studios under director J. Stuart Blackton. Of the ten films in which she performed, almost all were with Blackton. In 1918 John G. Adolfi directed "The Woman the Germans Shot", starring Julia Arthur as Edith Cavell. Her last screen performance was in 1919 in "The Common Cause", a benefit film to aid victims of World War I. It was produced by the "Stage Women's War Relief Fund," a charitable organization created by theatre workers with the American Theatre Wing as part of the Federal Council of Allied War Charities.

paragraph: Arthur returned to Broadway in "The Eternal Magdalene", which opened on November 1, 1915, and continued to January 1916. She was director and producer as well as star of "Seremonda", which ran on Broadway from January 1, 1917, to March 1917. On May 17, 1918, she revived "Out There" on Broadway, continuing through the end of the month.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Julia Arthur said her farewell to Broadway in "Macbeth", in which she played Lady Macbeth opposite Lionel Barrymore. The play opened on February 17, 1921, and continued into March. It was later reported that she had come out of retirement because of her husband's financial reverses.

paragraph: The Cheneys lived in relative ease and comfort, though after 1929 in somewhat reduced circumstances owing to financial reverses. Benjamin P. Cheney, Jr., died near Kingman, Arizona, on June 5, 1942 – ironically, alongside the tracks of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, of which he had once been a director. Julia Arthur Cheney died in Boston on March 28, 1950.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Barbara Fritchie: The Story of a Patriotic American Woman" (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ruy Blas" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "King Lear" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Life of Napoleon" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Napoleon, the Man of Destiny" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Life of Moses" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Woman the Germans Shot" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "His Woman" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Common Cause" (1919)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julia Arthur: Broadway Photographs (Univ. of South Carolina)

description: Canadian actress

wikidata_label: Julia Arthur

wikipedia_title: Julia Arthur


text:
Shia
Nasirabad, Raibareli
Uttar Pradesh
India
Najaf
Iraq
Arabic
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab
Syed Ali Naqi Naqvi
Syed Ali Naqi Naqvi
Naseer Ijtehadi
Aqa Hasan
Syed Kalbe Hussain
Maulana Syed Hasan Naqvi
Syed Sibte Hasan Naqvi
Syed Mohammad Waris Hasan Naqvi

wikipedia_title:
Shia Islam
Nasirabad, Raibareli
Uttar Pradesh
India
Najaf
Iraq
Arabic
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab
Ali Naqi Naqvi
Ali Naqi Naqvi
Naseer Ijtehadi
Hasan Naqvi
Syed Kalbe Hussain
Hasan Naqvi
Syed Sibte Hasan Naqvi
Syed Mohammad Waris Hasan Naqvi

categories: 1753 births,Scholars from Lucknow,Indian Shia Muslims,Indian ayatollahs,Ijtihadi family,Indian Shia clerics

paragraph: Dildar Ali Naseerabadi

paragraph: Sayyid Dildar 'Ali, also known as Ghufran-Ma'ab Naseerabadi, (1753 - 10 January 1820) was a Shia scholar of India who originated from a family of scholars from the village of Nasirabad, Raibareli, 32 km from their District Raebareli, in Uttar Pradesh, India.

paragraph: The title "Ghufran Ma'ab Nasirabadi" was bestowed on him by scholars in Najaf, Iraq and means "the one who lives in heaven" due to his scholarly attributes. Among them, his most well known work is "Imad-ul-Islâm", in Arabic, which is a refutation of the anti-Shia arguments used by the famous Fakhr al-Din al-Razi.

paragraph: He is popularly known as Ghufran Ma'ab, and was the son of Seyyid Muhammad Muin bin Seyyid Abdul Hadi. It would seem that his family, like many other Seyyid families, left Nishapur (Iran) because of the Mongol invasion and settled in India. He was born in 1166 AH (1753 AD). He completed his early studies in India, and in 1193 AH (1776 AD) travelled to Iraq for further studies. Among his tutors in Iraq were great Fuqaha like Shaikh Ja'far Kashiful Ghita, and Wahid Behbehani. Later, he went to Mashhad (Iran) for further studies.

paragraph: Seyyid Dildar Ali Nasirabadi, while in India, was of Akhbari persuasion, but he changed to Usuli school after his intensive studies in Iraq. Upon his return to Lucknow, he became a Marja' in India, his fatwas being regarded as final by the Shia populace.

paragraph: His magnum opus in Theology (IlmulKalam) is known as "ImadulIslam" which he wrote in Arabic, in refutation of anti-Shia arguments by Fakhru al-Din Razi. His detailed work in FIQH is 'MUNTAHAL AFKAR'. His sons were also pious, dedicated scholars and teachers.

paragraph: Seyyid Dildar Ali Nasirabadi died in the night of 19th Rajab 1235 (2 May 1820), and was buried in Lucknow.

paragraph: There is an Imambada (A holy building) in his name (Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab) in the city of Lucknow and village-Nasirabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

paragraph: Sources record that initially Syed Dildar Ali Naqvi was of Akhbari tendency but when he travelled to Najaf, he met scholars of high repute and became an "Usooli". He then travelled back after spending a very long time in Najaf and preached the same in India. He started writing books refuting Akhbarism which led to an extremely heated debate between Akhbaris and Usoolis. He dismounted Akhbarism from its roots and Usoolism took all of the Indian Sub-continent.

paragraph: Janab Baqar Shams Saheb Qibla has written in his book "Hindustan maiN shiaat ki Tareekh" (page:3)

paragraph: Ayatullah Gufraan Maab was a sensitive child, who most of the time used to remain silent but he was deep sighted and was mentally very strong. He had great eloquence and was worried about the deteriorating situation of the Shia community in India. It is written in the books of History of Lucknow that once he was under a tree and a light illuminated and sounds roared and said "Dildar Ali go and obtain religious education". the sound repeated several times. finally he decided to go to a religious seminary.

paragraph: Ayatullah ul Uzma Allama Syed Ali Naqi Naqvi (Naqqan Saheb) in his magazine on Gufraan Maab has mentioned that:

paragraph: Gufraan Maab (A,R) travelled to several cities throughout Hindustan and arrived in Sandela and become a pupil of Shareh Muslim Mulla Hamad Ullah's son Mulla Haider Ali, In Allahbad Under Syed Ghulam Ali Dakni, and in Bareli from Moulvi Baab Ullah he learned Sarf-o-nahv, maani aur Bayan, logic, philosophy and mathematics. After several years he travelled to Faizabad where he went to see Behrul uloom Moulvi Abdul Ali Sahalvi, where he had great debates on different logical problems. From there he travelled to Lucknow. At this time the ruler of Awadh (Lucknow) was Nawab Asif-ud-Daula and Nawab Sarfraz Ud-Daula Mirza Ahsan Raza Khan. They realized that so far there was no prominent Shia scholor in Inidia who could be called Mujtehid. Due to their respect for Gufraan Maab and with the help of the Almighty they sent him to Najaf for further studies.

paragraph: ALSO VIEW : http://ghufranmaabfoundation.org

paragraph: Section::::Completion of higher study and Marjaat.

paragraph: At first he reached Karabal-e-Maulla Iraq where he studied under Aqaay Syed Ali Tabatabai and Aaqa Syed Mehdi Moosvi Sherastani and highest scholar and teacher of these two buzurgs Ayatullah Akbar Aqa Baqir Behbani. From there he went to Najaf-e-Ashraf where he studied Asool-e-fiqh and Ilm-e-hadees from Behrul-aloom Ayatullah Syed Mehdi Tabatabai. He thus completed his highest education and left Iraq in the year 1194 (AH). He arrived in Mashad, Iran grasped a lot of uloom from Ayatullah Syed Muhammad Mehdi s/o Ayatullah Syed Hidayatullah Isphahani. He was granted the status of Ayatullah. From there he finally traveled back to India and arrived in Lucknow. The ruler of Lucknow Mirza Hassan Raza requested him to stay in Lucknow and he started to deliver lectures in Lucknow and initiated several projects.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants of Ghufran Ma'ab Nasirabadi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayatullah ul uzma Sultan-ul-ulema Syed Muhammad Saheb Rizwaan Maab.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayatullah ul Uzma Syed Ul-ulema Syed Hussain saheb illeen makan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Najmul Ulema Ayatullah Syed Ali Naqvi Tabesaraah.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alam-ul-Ulama Ayatullah Al Uzma (Allama Syed Sibt-e-Hussain Naqvi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayatullah Syed Ahmed Allama Hindi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayatullah ul Uzma Syed Ibrahim Saab Qibla.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayatullah ul Uzma Syed Taqi Saheb Jannat maab.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Syed-ul-Ulama Ayatullah Syed Ali Naqi Naqvi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayatullah Mohsin ul Millat Moulana Syed Muhammad Mohsin ul Naqvi Saheb Qibla Mujtahid, Founder Al Mohsin, ST-19, Block 16, F.B. Area Karachi Main Rashid Minhas Road.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allama Syed Naseer Ijtehadi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mujtahid Maulana Syed Aqa Hasan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana Syed Kalbe Hussain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayatullah Syed Ali Anwar Qibla.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana Syed Kalbe Abid.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana Syed Hasan Naqvi (Malaaz-ul-Ulama).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana Syed Aga Mehdi Saheb Qibla.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mujtahid Maulana Syed Muhammad Hussain Naqvi Saheb Qibla.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayatullah Syed-ul-Ulama Syed Ali Muhammad Naqvi Saheb Qibla Mujtahid.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana Dr. Syed Kalb-e-Sadiq Saheb.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mulana Hassan Zafar Naqvi Saheb.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana Syed Sibte Hasan Naqvi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana Dr Syed Mohammad Waris Hasan Naqvi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana Sayyed Kalb-e-Jawwad Saheb.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maulana Syed Saif Abbas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mohammad Sajjad.

description: Indian ayatollah

wikidata_label: Dildar Ali Naseerabadi

wikipedia_title: Dildar Ali Naseerabadi


text:
Persian
Arabic
Buyid
Iraq
Mu'izz al-Dawla
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim
Dailamite
Lashkarwarz
Baghdad
Rukn al-Dawla
Persia
'Adud al-Dawla
Fars
Hamdanid
Mosul
Abu Taghlib
Marzuban ibn Bakhtiyar
Byzantine Empire
caliph
northern Mesopotamia
Ibn Baqiyya
vizier
Hamdanids
Abu Taghlib
Khuzestan
Wasit
Basra
Khuzestan
Wasit
Syria
Samarra

wikipedia_title:
Persian language
Arabic
Buyid dynasty
Iraq
Mu'izz al-Dawla
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim
Daylamites
Lashkarwarz
Baghdad
Rukn al-Dawla
Iran
'Adud al-Dawla
Fars Province
Hamdanid dynasty
Mosul
Abu Taghlib
Marzuban ibn Bakhtiyar
Byzantine Empire
Caliphate
Upper Mesopotamia
Ibn Baqiyya
Vizier
Hamdanid dynasty
Abu Taghlib
Khuzestan Province
Wasit, Iraq
Basra
Khuzestan Province
Wasit, Iraq
Syria
Samarra

categories: Buyid dynasty,10th-century Iranian people,Year of birth unknown,10th-century rulers in Asia,978 deaths

paragraph: Izz al-Dawla

paragraph: Bakhtiyar (Persian: بختیار, died 978), better known by his "laqab" of ʿIzz al-Dawla (Arabic: عز الدولة،, "Glory of the Dynasty"), was the Buyid amir of Iraq (967–978).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Izz al-Dawla was born as "Bakhtiyar", and was the son of Mu'izz al-Dawla. He also had three brothers named Sanad al-Dawla, Marzuban and Abu Ishaq Ibrahim. Bakhtiyar, during his early life, married a daughter of the Dailamite officer Lashkarwarz.

paragraph: In the spring of 955, Mu'izz al-Dawla became very ill and decided to name his son as his successor. Five years later, the caliph officially recognized this by granting Bakhtiyar the title of "Izz al-Dawla". During his father's military expeditions, Izz al-Dawla ruled in Baghdad. Mu'izz al-Dawla died in 967, leaving behind several pieces of advice for his son. He recommended keeping the services of the Turkish commander Sebük-Tegin, respecting the wishes of the Turks, recognizing his uncle Rukn al-Dawla, who ruled northern Persia, as senior amir, and respecting his cousin 'Adud al-Dawla, who ruled from Fars. He also gave a strategy for dealing with the Hamdanid emir of Mosul, Abu Taghlib.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: In 970, Izz al-Dawla, in order to end the hostilities between the Dailamites and Turks in his army, began to make several marriages with high ranking Turks to strengthen the Dailamite-Turkic relationship; his son Marzuban ibn Bakhtiyar married a daughter of Bukhtakin Azadruwayh, and his other son Salar married a daughter of Baktijur.

paragraph: Izz al-Dawla continued his father's policy of fighting the Shahinids who ruled the Iraqi marshlands, but he was unable to overcome them. At the same time, he ignored the border with the Byzantine Empire, considering this to be a matter for the caliph to handle. When the Byzantines under John I Tzimisces overran much of northern Mesopotamia in 971, he did not even return to Baghdad. The person who took it upon himself to defend Iraq was Sebük-Tegin, who felt himself to be increasingly alienated from the Buyid. Two years later, Izz al-Dawla appointed Ibn Baqiyya as his "vizier".

paragraph: Izz al-Dawla also had financial problems; in 973 he invaded the Amirate of Mosul, against the advice his father had left him. The campaign was a disaster; the Hamdanids under Abu Taghlib marched on Baghdad, while Sebük-Tegin was probably secretly supporting them. The Buyid amir then tried to solve his financial difficulties by seizing the Turkish fiefs, most of which were in Khuzestan. At the same time, he dismissed Sebük-Tegin from his post. The Turk revolted, forcing Izz al-Dawla to entrench himself in Wasit. He rejected Sebük-Tegin's offer to relinquish Baghdad in exchange of southern Iraq. The Turk then marched on Wasit, and laid siege to the city.

paragraph: At this point, Rukn al-Dawla ordered 'Adud al-Dawla to march on Wasit and relieve Izz al-Dawla. The choice of 'Adud al-Dawla was somewhat curious; he had earlier advocated the removal of Izz al-Dawla due to the latter's perceived incompetence, and had granted asylum to a brother of the Iraqi amir that had launched a failed rebellion in Basra. Despite this, 'Adud al-Dawla complied with the order, although he traveled as slow as possible in order to give Sebük-Tegin the chance to overpower Wasit.

paragraph: Izz al-Dawla, however, managed to hold out, and Sebük-Tegin died during the siege. 'Adud al-Dawla therefore eventually decided to restore him in Baghdad. Shortly afterwards however, a revolt launched by Izz al-Dawla's Dailamite mercenaries gave 'Adud al-Dawla the opportunity to overthrow his cousin. Having done so, he would have ruled Iraq directly, but Rukn al-Dawla vehemently opposed this. Izz al-Dawla was therefore made 'Adud al-Dawla's viceroy to Iraq. The latter's departure for Shiraz prompted Izz al-Dawla to immediately revoke his subservience.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Civil war and death.

paragraph: Rukn al-Dawla died in 976, throwing the Buyid empire into chaos. Izz al-Dawla refused to recognize 'Adud al-Dawla's succession to the position of senior amir. He took new titles for himself, and married one of the caliph's daughters, signifying the caliph's assent to his policy. 'Adud al-Dawla then prepared to invade Iraq. Despite having prepared his army and his allies, Izz al-Dawla was defeated in Khuzestan in 977 and was forced to retreat to Wasit. There he raised a new army, but the two cousins then entered into negotiations. After a long while, Izz al-Dawla was granted freedom of passage to Syria, in exchange for a promise not to ally with the Hamdanids. When he broke that agreement, hostilities were resumed. Both Izz al-Dawla and the Hamdanids were defeated in Samarra in the spring of 978, and the Buyid was captured. He was put to death soon after with 'Adud al-Dawla's consent.

description: Buyid amir of Iraq

wikidata_label: 'Izz al-Dawla

wikipedia_title: Izz al-Dawla


text:
White House Peace Vigil
Brooklyn
California
opposed to nuclear weapons
United States government
tax resister
simply living
income tax threshold
Thomas
Quaker wedding
pulmonary disease
Washington Peace Center
Al Jazeera Documentary Channel
Concepción Picciotto
Norman Mayer
List of peace activists
Brian Haw
Parliament Square Peace Campaign

wikipedia_title:
White House Peace Vigil
Brooklyn
California
Nuclear disarmament
Federal government of the United States
Tax resistance
Simple living
Income tax threshold
Thomas (activist)
Quaker wedding
Respiratory disease
Washington Peace Center
Al Jazeera Documentary Channel
Concepción Picciotto
Norman Mayer
List of peace activists
Brian Haw
Parliament Square Peace Campaign

categories: American anti–nuclear weapons activists,1947 births,American tax resisters,American anti-war activists,American Quakers,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Ellen Thomas

paragraph: Ellen Thomas (born January 24, 1947) is an American peace activist. She first became involved with the White House Peace Vigil on April 13, 1984. The daughter of a U.S. Marine, Thomas was born in Brooklyn and grew up in California. She became opposed to nuclear weapons during her childhood. In protest at the policies of the United States government, she became a tax resister by simply living below the income tax threshold.

paragraph: On May 6, 1984, Ellen Benjamin married Thomas in a Quaker wedding to become Ellen Thomas. Thomas and her husband protested together for a number of years, until his death in January 2009 of pulmonary disease.

paragraph: Ellen also heads The Proposition One Non-Radioactive Nuclear Review, a traveling multimedia troupe that educates the public on the dangers of a nuclear future. In 1993 she helped coordinate the successful Washington DC ballot initiative for Nuclear Disarmament and Economic Conversion. Ellen formally served on the Washington Peace Center's board of directors, but has since moved to North Carolina.

paragraph: "The Oracles of Pennsylvania Avenue" (2012) by Tim Wilkerson, a documentary commissioned by the Al Jazeera Documentary Channel, recounts the lives of William and Ellen Thomas, Concepción Picciotto and Norman Mayer.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of peace activists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concepcion Picciotto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brian Haw

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parliament Square Peace Campaign

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peace Park Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oracles of Pennsylvania Avenue

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington Peace Center

description: US American peace activist

wikidata_label: Ellen Thomas

wikipedia_title: Ellen Thomas


text:
Volksgerichtshof
Inowrazlaw
Province of Posen
Berlin
Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg
Schultheiss brewery
German Communist Party
resistance against the Nazis
World War II
Heinrich Preuß
Wilhelm Rietze
Robert Uhrig
Borsig
Gottfried Lindner AG
Schultheiss brewery
Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Potsdam prison
Volksgerichtshof
Wilhelm Böse
Johann Pierschke
Walter Strohmann
Hermann Tops
Brandenburg-Görden Prison
Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg
Schönhauser Allee

categories: Communist Party of Germany politicians,1901 births,People from the Province of Posen,Communists in the German Resistance,1944 deaths,Executed communists in the German Resistance,People condemned by Nazi courts,People from Inowrocław

paragraph: Arthur Sodtke

paragraph: Arthur Sodtke (25 December 1901 – 14 August 1944) was a German Communist resistance fighter, he was active in Berlin and sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof in 1944.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Arthur Sodtke was born in Inowrazlaw, Province of Posen (Inowrocław, Poland). His father Gustav Sodtke was a roofer. The family moved to Berlin in 1904, where Arthur Sodtke grew up.

paragraph: Sodtke lived in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg and became a metal worker. He was a member of the works council of the Schultheiss brewery and joined the German Communist Party in 1929. In 1933 he became active in the resistance against the Nazis. He was arrested in 1936 for distributing antifascist leaflets at his workplace in the Berlin plant of the "Dürener Metallwerke", but was soon released after the same leaflets were found again while he was in custody. In World War II he joined the resistance group of Heinrich Preuß, Wilhelm Rietze and Robert Uhrig, for whom he contacted antifascists at Borsig, Gottfried Lindner AG and the Schultheiss brewery.

paragraph: Sodtke was arrested on 4 February 1942 and imprisoned at Sachsenhausen concentration camp and Potsdam prison. The Volksgerichtshof sentenced him to death on 21 June 1944 along with Wilhelm Böse, Johann Pierschke, Walter Strohmann und Hermann Tops. The sentence was carried out on 14 August 1944 at Brandenburg-Görden Prison.

paragraph: Section::::Remembrance.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Sodtkestrasse in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg was named in his honour in 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- Memorial plaque at his former residence, Schönhauser Allee 39b in Berlin

wikidata_label: Arthur Sodtke

wikipedia_title: Arthur Sodtke


text:
Abdulmejid I
Ottoman Empire
Anapa
Seniha Sultan
Ottoman Imperial Harem
List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans

categories: Wives of Ottoman Sultans,People of the Ottoman Empire of Circassian descent,19th-century people of the Ottoman Empire,19th-century women,1829 births,1863 deaths,Princesses,Ottoman Sunni Muslims

paragraph: Nalandil Hanım

paragraph: Nalandil Hanım (; 1829 – 23 October 1863) was the fourteenth wife of Sultan Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Nalandil Hanım was born in 1829 in Anapa. She was a member of Ubykh princely family, Çipakue. Her father was Natıkhu Bey Çipakue. She had a sister named Terbiye Hanım.

paragraph: She had been brought to Istanbul at a young age, where her father entrusted her to the imperial harem. Here her name according to the custom of the Ottoman court was changed to Nalandil.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Nalandil Hanım married Abdulmejid in 1851. She was given the title of "Dördüncü Ikbal". On 7 December 1851, she gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Seniha Sultan in the Old Çırağan Palace.

paragraph: Towards the end 1852 she was given the title of "Üçüncü Ikbal", and in 1853 she was given the title of "Ikinci Ikbal". On 20 March 1853, she gave birth to her second child, a son, Şehzade Mehmed Abdüssamed. The prince died at the age of two on 4 May 1855.

paragraph: In 1854, she was given the title of Baş Ikbal. On 2 March 1855, she gave birth to her third child, a daughter, Şehime Sultan in the Old Beylerbeyi Palace. The princess died at the age of one on 21 May 1856.

paragraph: Section::::Widowhood and death.

paragraph: After Abdulmejid's death in 1861, Nalandil settled in the Feriye Palace. In 1863, she had fallen victim to the epidemic of tuberculosis then raging in Istanbul in the nineteenth century. Dr. Kasbano Bey, an Armenian, treated her during the illness. She died on 23 October 1863, and was buried in the mausoleum of new ladies, New Mosque, Istanbul.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Nalandil Hanım and Abdulmejid had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seniha Sultan (Çırağan Palace, 21 December 1851 – Nice, France, 15 September 1931), married and had issue;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Şehzade Mehmed Abdüssamed (20 March 1853 – 5 May 1855);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Şehime Sultan (Old Beşiktaş Palace 31 January 1855 – 22 May 1857);

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ottoman Imperial Harem

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans

wikidata_label: Nalandil Hanım

wikipedia_title: Nalandil Hanım


text: Bavarian State Opera

text: Richard Wagner

text: Richard Strauss

text: Die Frau ohne Schatten

text: San Francisco Opera

text: Tannhäuser

text: Robert Heger

text: Elektra

text: Karl Böhm

text: Der fliegende Holländer

text: Franz Konwitschny

text: Bayrischzell

text: Akademie der Tonkunst

text: Tiefland

text: Theater Münster

text: Düsseldorf Opera

text: Bavarian State Opera

text: Der fliegende Holländer

text: Tristan and Isolde

text: Die Frau ohne Schatten

text: Paris Opera

text: Vienna State Opera

text: Tannhäuser

text: Siegfried

text: Die Walküre

text: Der Rosenkavalier

text: San Francisco Opera

text: Tannhäuser

text: Robert Heger

text: Karl Böhm

text: Staatskapelle Dresden

text: Inge Borkh

text: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau

text: Franz Konwitschny

text: Staatskapelle Berlin

text: Gottlob Frick

text: Fritz Wunderlich

text: Musikhochschule München

text: Claudia Eder

text: Felicity Palmer

text: Discography

text: Discogs

text: Marianne Schech

categories: Recipients of the Bavarian Order of Merit,1999 deaths,People from Bavaria,Voice teachers,Academics of the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München,German operatic sopranos,Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,1914 births

paragraph: Marianne Schech

paragraph: Marianne Schech (18 January 1914 – 22 July 1999) was a German operatic soprano and academic who appeared internationally. She was a member of the Bavarian State Opera from 1946 to 1970. She is known for leading roles in works by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss, playing, for example, the Dyer's Wife in the U.S. premiere of "Die Frau ohne Schatten" by Richard Strauss at the San Francisco Opera in 1959. She made several recordings, including in 1951 the role of Elisabeth in Wagner's "Tannhäuser", conducted by Robert Heger, in 1960 the role of Chrysothemis in "Elektra" by Richard Strauss, conducted by Karl Böhm, and Senta in Wagner's "Der fliegende Holländer", conducted by Franz Konwitschny.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Geltau near Bayrischzell, Schech studied at the Trapp'sches Konservatorium and at the Akademie der Tonkunst in Munich. She made her operatic debut at the Stadttheater Koblenz in 1937 in the role of Martha in d'Albert's "Tiefland". In 1939, she moved to the Theater Münster, and in 1941 to the Düsseldorf Opera.

paragraph: After World War II, Schech was a member of the Bavarian State Opera from 1946 to 1970. In 1952, she appeared in Rio de Janeiro as Senta in Wagner's "Der fliegende Holländer" and as Isolde in his "Tristan and Isolde". In 1957, she was the Dyer's Wife in "Die Frau ohne Schatten" by Richard Strauss at the Paris Opera. She often appeared at the Vienna State Opera, in 1958 as Venus in Wagner's "Tannhäuser" and as Brünnhilde in his "Siegfried", in 1962 as Brünnhilde in his "Die Walküre" and as the Marschallin in "Der Rosenkavalier" by Strauss. In 1959, she appeared as the Dyer's Wife in the U.S. premiere of the opera at the San Francisco Opera in 1959.

paragraph: Schech made several recordings, including in 1951 the role of Elisabeth in Wagner's Tannhäuser, conducted by Robert Heger. She recorded the role of Sieglinde in "Die Walküre", Martha in "Tiefland", the Marschallin and the Dyer's Wife, among others. In 1960, she recorded the role of Chrysothemis in "Elektra" by Richard Strauss, conducted by Karl Böhm with the Staatskapelle Dresden, and alongside Inge Borkh in the title role and Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau as Orest. The same year, she recorded Senta in "Der fliegende Holländer", conducted by Franz Konwitschny with the Staatskapelle Berlin, and alongside Fischer-Dieskau in the title role, Gottlob Frick as Daland and Fritz Wunderlich as the Steuermann.

paragraph: Schech lectured at the Musikhochschule München from 1970, where Claudia Eder and Felicity Palmer were among her students. She died in Munich in 1999.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography on Discogs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marianne Schech on MusicMe

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marianne Schech & Staatskapelle Dresden & Karl Böhm" Amazon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marianne Schech; "Ozean, du Ungeheuer"; Oberon; Carl Maria von Weber (YouTube)

description: German singer and opera singer

wikidata_label: Marianne Schech

wikipedia_title: Marianne Schech


text: Bunge, Gotland

text: Swedish

text: long jump

text: Olympic finalist in 1996

text: European Indoor Champion

text: 1995 World Indoor

text: Malmö

text: 400 metres

text: Alice Bah Kuhnke

categories: Olympic athletes of Sweden,World Championships in Athletics athletes for Sweden,Swedish male long jumpers,Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics,People from Gotland,1970 births,Living people,Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Mattias Sunneborn

paragraph: Mattias Sunneborn (born 27 September 1970 in Bunge, Gotland) is a Swedish long jumper. He was an Olympic finalist in 1996. He was the 1996 European Indoor Champion and 1995 World Indoor silver medalist.

paragraph: His personal best jump is 8.21 metres, achieved in June 1996 in Malmö.

paragraph: As of 2018, he is still an active masters athlete. He won the M40 400 metres at the 2015 World Masters Athletics Championships just weeks before his 45th birthday.

paragraph: Sunneborn was in his youth engaged to Sweden's future Minister of Culture and Democracy, Alice Bah Kuhnke.

description: Swedish long jumper

wikidata_label: Mattias Sunneborn

wikipedia_title: Mattias Sunneborn


text: S.T.D.

text: J.U.D.

text: Cardinal

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Villa Santo Stefano

text: Italy

text: Seminary

text: Ferentino

text: Pontifical Roman Seminary

text: Rome

text: doctorate

text: theology

text: canon

text: law

text: Palestrina

text: diocese of Rome

text: Apostolic Dataria

text: Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness

text: Protonotary apostolic

text: Cardinal-Deacon

text: consistory

text: Pope Pius XI

text: conclave of 1939

text: Pope Pius XII

text: invasion and occupation of Ethiopia

text: concubinage

text: Palace of the Holy Office

categories: Members of the Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments,1954 deaths,1867 births,Italian cardinals

paragraph: Domenico Jorio

paragraph: Domenico Jorio S.T.D. J.U.D. (7 October 1867 – 21 October 1954) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Prefect of the Congregation for Discipline of Sacraments from 1935 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Domenico Jorio was born in Villa Santo Stefano, Italy. He was educated at the Seminary of Ferentino and the Pontifical Roman Seminary in Rome, where he earned a doctorate in theology and a "doctorate utriusque iuris" (in both canon and civil law).

paragraph: He was ordained on 17 September 1891 in Palestrina, and continued his studies in Rome. He worked in pastoral care in the diocese of Rome and as a staff member of the Apostolic Dataria from 1891 until 1918. He was created Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness on 15 November 1901 and was reappointed on 16 December 1903 and again on 9 September 1914. He was raised to the level of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 11 March 1915. He was again elevated to the level of Protonotary apostolic on 20 November 1918. He was appointed Secretary of the Congregation for Discipline of Sacraments on 5 January 1928.

paragraph: He was made Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine in the consistory of 16 December 1935 by Pope Pius XI and on 20 December 1935 was appointed Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments. He participated in the conclave of 1939 that elected Pope Pius XII. After ten years as a Cardinal-Deacon he opted to become a member of the order of cardinal priests.

paragraph: Following Italy's invasion and occupation of Ethiopia, on 29 April 1937 Italy introduced race-based legislation for the first time. The Lessona Decree, named for Italy's Minister for Africa , punished sexual relations between Italians and Ethiopians with imprisonment for one to five years. It was aimed more at longterm living arrangements, concubinage, than at casual encounters. Jorio produced an assessment on behalf of his Congregation on 24 August. It asserted at length the Church's belief that race could not be an impediment to marriage. Reflecting the controversy over eugenics a few years earlier in Germany, it said the Church granted "maximum freedom" even to those afflicted "by chronic hereditary disorders". It then welcomed the government's proscription of interracial concubinage as a first step toward outlawing concubinage in all its forms. It said the Church could encourage its missionaries "to prevent such hybrid unions for the wise hygienic and social motivations" the government had outlined. The Church, he offered, would do its part by not granting dispensations for intermarriage between Catholic and Muslims.

paragraph: He died on 21 October 1954 in his apartment in the Palace of the Holy Office, Rome. The funeral took place on 25 October 1954 in the church of Sant'Andrea della Valle. After the funeral, his body was buried in the church of Sant'Apollinare.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Domenico Jorio

wikipedia_title: Domenico Jorio


text:
Saddle River, New Jersey
jazz
double-bassist
John Pizzarelli
swing
trio
pianist
Ray Kennedy
Larry Fuller
bandleader
Victoria Records
swing
guitarist
Bucky Pizzarelli
Paterson, New Jersey
Jessica Molaskey

categories: Swing double-bassists,Living people,21st-century double-bassists,1963 births,Musicians from Paterson, New Jersey,American jazz double-bassists,Male double-bassists,Male jazz musicians,21st-century male musicians

paragraph: Martin Pizzarelli

paragraph: Martin Pizzarelli (born 1 November 1963 in Saddle River, New Jersey, USA) is a jazz double-bassist who is best known for his work with his brother John Pizzarelli, appearing on many of his albums in a swing trio that includes pianists Ray Kennedy and Larry Fuller. He has recorded one album as bandleader for Victoria Records with Kennedy and his father, legendary swing guitarist Bucky Pizzarelli. He was born in Paterson, New Jersey. He has also appeared on all albums released by John's wife, Jessica Molaskey.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Martin Pizzarelli

wikipedia_title: Martin Pizzarelli


text: archeologist

text: Bristol

text: Vermont

text: University of Vermont

text: Newport, Vermont

text: Columbia University

text: Wellesley College

text: Corinth Excavations

text: Peirene

text: Athenian Akropolis

text: Erechtheum

text: Parthenon

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Lapithos

text: Kourion

text: Archeological Institute of America

text: Ida Hill

text: Athens

text: Carl Blegen

text: Elizabeth Pierce Blegen

text: Vassar

text: World War II

text: Athens

text: Ida Hill

text: archeologist

text: First Cemetery of Athens

categories: 1874 births,Classical archaeologists,University of Vermont alumni,Columbia University alumni,American archaeologists,1958 deaths

paragraph: Bert Hodge Hill

paragraph: Bert Hodge Hill (March 7, 1874 – December 2, 1958) was an American archeologist and the director of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens from 1906 to 1926.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Bert Hodge Hill was born on March 7, 1874 in Bristol, Vermont to Carrie Emily Hodge and Alson Collins Hill. He received his AB from the University of Vermont in 1895. He was principal at the Newport Academy in Newport, Vermont from 1895-1895. He obtained his MA from Columbia University in 1900.

paragraph: Section::::Archeological career.

paragraph: He attended the American School of Classical Studies in Athens (ASCSA) in 1901, as a Driser Fellow of Columbia University. He continued at the school as a Fellow of the Archeological Institute of America for two years (1902–1903). He moved back to the United States, where he was Assistant Curator of Classical Antiquities at the Museum of Fine Arts and Lecturer in Greek Sculpture at Wellesley College.

paragraph: He then returned to ASCSA and served as director of the school for the next twenty years, from 1906 to 1926. As director, he supervised the Corinth Excavations where his focus was the springs of Peirene, Glauke and the Sacred Spring. He also participated in the study of the monuments of the Athenian Akropolis, specifically the Erechtheum and the Parthenon.

paragraph: Hill was director of the University of Pennsylvania's Archeological Expedition in Cyprus at the excavations of Lapithos and Kourion in 1932 and from 1934 to 1952. He was the Charles Eliot Norton Lecturer of the Archeological Institute of America for 1936–1937.

paragraph: He had a scholarly interest in architecture, sculpture, and topography, and was involved in research of epigraphy.

paragraph: Section::::Private life.

paragraph: Hill married archeologist Ida Carleton Thallon (Ida Hill) in 1924. In 1929, the couple moved into a house at 9 Ploutarchou Street in Athens with archeologist Carl Blegen and his wife Elizabeth Pierce Blegen. Their home became a popular meeting place for archeologists, students of all foreign schools, diplomats, Vassar alumnae, Greek scholars, Fulbright scholars, and the staff of the American embassy.

paragraph: During World War II, Hill remained in Athens to look after the home on Ploutarchou Street while Ida Hill moved to the United States with the Blegens for the duration of the war. He volunteered with the Red Cross in Greece during World Wars I and II and served on the Greek Refugee Settlement Commission in the 1920s.

paragraph: Ida Hill died at sea on a return voyage to Athens in 1954, with Elizabeth Blegen at her side. Hill died in 1958 in Athens. Elizabeth Blegen died in 1966. Carl Blegen died in 1971. The four archeologists and friends are buried next to each other in the First Cemetery of Athens.

description: American archeologist

wikidata_label: Bert Hodge Hill

wikipedia_title: Bert Hodge Hill


text:
medieval
physician
theologian
Alsace
Haguenau
Strasbourg
headmaster
Basel
canon
St Thomas' Church
Apostolic Signatura
Gothic
ledger stone
Latin
Mary
Conrad of Lichtenberg
Johann Michael Moscherosch
Hortus deliciarum
Siege of Strasbourg
Jérémie-Jacques Oberlin
Eberhard Gottlieb Graff
National and University Library
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
parish
Protestant
Gottfried's poem on the Feasts of Mary
Gottfried's other poems on Mary
Gottfried von Strassburg
Reinmar von Hagenau

categories: Medieval German theologians,13th-century German writers,13th-century German poets,13th-century physicians,1270s births,14th-century German writers,13th-century Roman Catholic theologians,14th-century Roman Catholic theologians,14th-century German poets,People from Haguenau,1313 deaths,Canons (priests)

paragraph: Gottfried von Hagenau

paragraph: Gottfried von Hagenau (also known as Götz von Hagenau, Gozzo de Hagenowe, Goetz de Haguenau, Godefridus Haguenonensis, and several other names) was a medieval priest, physician, theologian and poet from Alsace. As his name suggests, he was probably born in Haguenau, before 1275.

paragraph: After having studied medicine and theology in Strasbourg and in Paris, he worked as a headmaster in Basel, Switzerland, before settling as a physician in Strasbourg, where he applied for the post of canon at the St Thomas' Church. He was at first rejected but successfully sued against that decision before the Apostolic Signatura in Rome, and was instated as canon of St Thomas' Church in 1300. He died on 26 September 1313 and is buried in the church, where his ornate Gothic ledger stone is preserved to this day. That monument depicts him in clerical attire and holding a book; the inscription says (the letters in brackets are missing): "ANNO D[OMI]NI MCCCXIII VI KA[LENDAS] OCTOBR[IS] O[BIIT] MAG[ISTE]R GOZ[ZO] DE HAGENOWE MEDICUS CANONICUS S[ANCTI] THOME ARG[EN]T[INENSIS]".

paragraph: Gottfried is the author of an epic poem (4,134 rimed verses in Latin) on the life and the feasts of Mary, the "Liber" [book] "sex festorum beatae Virginis" (1293–1300), (also known as "Carmen" [song] "sex festorum Beatae Mariae Virginis"), dedicated to bishop Conrad of Lichtenberg. The original manuscript of that work has been studied by Johann Michael Moscherosch in 1653. It was unfortunately destroyed, along with the "Hortus deliciarum", when the municipal library of Strasbourg was burnt during the Siege of Strasbourg in 1870. The poem is preserved through manuscript copies made in 1861 by , and earlier by Jérémie-Jacques Oberlin, and Eberhard Gottlieb Graff; those copies are kept in the National and University Library, and have been edited by the German scholar .

paragraph: In 1307, Gottfried introduced the Feast of the Immaculate Conception in the parish of St Thomas' Church, where it was celebrated until the church became Protestant in 1524. He donated his fortune to the parish for this purpose.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , : Gottfried's poem on the Feasts of Mary (transcription, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- , : Gottfried's other poems on Mary (transcription, 1983)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gottfried von Strassburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reinmar von Hagenau

alias:
Gozzo de Hagenowe
Godefroy de Haguenau
Godefridus Haguenonensis
Goetz de Haguenau
Götz von Hagenau

description: medieval priest, physician, theologian and poet from Alsace, France

wikidata_label: Gottfried von Hagenau

wikipedia_title: Gottfried von Hagenau


text: industrial

text: KMFDM

text: Sturm & Drang Tour

text: Hau Ruck

text: Tohuvabohu

text: Blitz

text: PIG

text: Sick

text: Sow

text: Mindless Self Indulgence

categories: English guitarists,English male guitarists,KMFDM members,1965 births,Living people

paragraph: Steve White (guitarist)

paragraph: Steve White is an English musician and former member of the industrial band KMFDM, first joining the band in 2002 for the Sturm & Drang Tour, and later appearing on several live albums/DVDs and the studio albums "Hau Ruck", "Tohuvabohu" and "Blitz" . Previously he was a member of PIG, the project of fellow KMFDM contributor Raymond Watts. He worked on "Sick" (an album of Sow) together with other members of KMFDM. He is also known for his work remixing for other artists, such as Mindless Self Indulgence, Nude, and Pig. White resides in Seattle, Washington along with other members of the band. White played guitars for SMP in 2007 on Chemlab's Detonation Days Tour. In 2008, White joined 16 Volt as their live guitarist for the Denial Highway North American tour.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steve White's biography on KMFDM's website

description: English guitarist

wikidata_label: Steve White

wikipedia_title: Steve White (guitarist)


text:
short chronology
middle chronology
Isin
Lipit-Ištar
Adad
Sumerian
Amorite
Nippur
Uruk
Eridu
Gungunum
Abī-sarē
Larsa
Ur
Nippur
Enlil
Adab
Kisurra
Sumerian King List
Būr-Sīn
Ur-Ninurta year names at CDLI
Ur-Ninurta royal praise poetry at ETCSL

paragraph: Ur-Ninurta

paragraph: Ur-Ninurta, c. 1859 – 1832 BC (short chronology) or c. 1923 – 1896 BC (middle chronology), was the 6th king of the 1st Dynasty of Isin. A usurper, Ur-Ninurta seized the throne on the fall of Lipit-Ištar and held it until his violent death some 28 years later.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He called himself “son of Iškur,” the southern storm-god synonymous with Adad, in his "adab to Iškur". His name was wholly Sumerian, in marked contrast to the Amorite names of his five predecessors. There are only two extant inscriptions, one of which is stamped on bricks in 13 lines of Sumerian from the cities of Nippur, Isin, Uruk and Išān Ḥāfudh, a small site southeast of Tell Drehem, which gives his standard inscription describing him as an “"Išippum" priest with clean hands for Eridu, favorite "en" priest of Uruk” and there is a copy of an inscription relating to the erection of a statue of the king with a votive goat.

paragraph: He was contemporary with Gungunum, c. 1868 – 1841 BC (short), and his successor Abī-sarē, c. 1841 – 1830 BC (short), the resurgent kings of Larsa. His reign marks the beginning of a decline in Isin's fortunes coinciding with a rise in those of Larsa. Gungunum had wrestled Ur from Isin’s control by his 10th year and it is possible this was the cause of Lipit-Ištar’s overthrow. Indeed Ur-Ninurta made a dedicatory gift to the temple of Ningal in Ur during the 9th year of Gungunum. However, Ur-Ninurta continued to mention Ur in his titles ("herdsman of Ur") as did his successors in Isin. Gungunum went on to expand his kingdom, perhaps taking Nippur late in his reign. His death allowed Ur-Ninurta to launch a temporary counter-offensive, recapturing Nippur and several other cities on the Kishkattum canal. His year-name “year (Ur-Ninurta) set for Enlil free (of forced labor) for ever the citizens of Nippur and released (the arrears of) the taxes which they were bearing on their necks” may mark this point. His offensive was stopped at Adab, modern Bismaya, where Abī-sarē “defeated the army of Isin with his weapon,” in the 9th year-name of his reign. It may be that this battle was where he was killed, as a year A of Halium of the kingdom of Mananâ, reads “the year Ur-Ninurta was slain” and Manabalte’el of Kisurra’s year G, “the year Ur-Ninurta was killed.”

paragraph: No Mesopotamian monarch milked the pastoral metaphor more thoroughly than Ur-Ninurta, 'the shepherd who offers everything for Nippur,” a likely sign of problems establishing legitimacy:

paragraph: There is a year name “year following the year that king Ur-Ninurta made emerge large a.gàrs from the water.” Marten Stol suggests that it indicates he succeeded in converting swamp or similar into cultivatable land.

paragraph: A curious legal case arose came to his attention which he ordered by heard by the Assembly of Nippur. Lu-Inanna, a "nišakku" priest was murdered by Nanna-sig, Ku-Enlilla (a barber) and Enlil-ennam (an orchard-keeper) who then confessed to his estranged wife, Nin-dada, who remained suspiciously silent on the matter. Nine persons, with occupations ranging from bird-catcher to potter, presented the prosecution’s case. Two others sprang to the defense of the widow, as she had not actually participated in the murder, but the assembly concluded she must have been “involved” with one of the murders and consequently in cahoots with them. All four were condemned to execution in front of the victim’s chair.

paragraph: The "Instructions of Ur-Ninurta and Counsels of Wisdom" is a Sumerian courtly composition which extols the virtues of the king, the reestablisher of order, justice and cultic practices after the flood in emulation of the older role models Gilgamesh and Ziusudra. The "Sumerian King List" gives his reign for 28 years. He was succeeded by his son, Būr-Sīn.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ur-Ninurta year names at CDLI

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ur-Ninurta royal praise poetry at ETCSL

wikidata_label: Ur-Ninurta

wikipedia_title: Ur-Ninurta


text:
coloratura soprano
Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Uniontown, Pennsylvania
Beaver, Pennsylvania
Andrew Jackson
Green Bay, Wisconsin
New England Conservatory
La Traviata
Rigoletto
Dinorah
Lucia di Lammermoor
Theodore Thomas
Philharmonic Society
Steinway Hall
Etelka Gerster
Marie Roze
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
Covent Garden

categories: American operatic sopranos,People from Fond du Lac, Wisconsin,1856 births,1925 deaths

paragraph: Abbie Carrington

paragraph: Abbie Beeson Carrington Lewys (June 13, 1856 – April 8, 1925) was one of America's leading coloratura sopranos of the 19th century. When the Grand Opera House opened in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, for the first time on August 11, 1883, Carrington sang the title role in The Bohemian Girl.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Abbie Beeson was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, on June 13, 1856. She was the daughter of Edward Beeson (1815–1898), grandnephew of Henry Beeson, a Quaker who descended from English immigrants. Henry Beeson settled in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, founding Beesontown (later Uniontown, Pennsylvania). Henry and his wife Mary Beeson had 13 children, among whom John Beeson, Edward's father. John Beeson went to Ohio around 1802. When John Beeson had financial difficulties, he sent his children to live with relatives and friends. Edward returned home in 1829 and started an apprenticeship in Beaver, Pennsylvania to be a printer. He eventually bought the business and published the "Beaver Republican", a paper with Democratic tendencies, supportive of Andrew Jackson. He also owned a sawmill at Green Bay, Wisconsin and after selling it, he bought a farm and settled in Wisconsin. Edward Beeson married Susan Emily Bell and had five children, among whom there was Abbie Beeson Carrington. Edward Beeson bought the "Fond du Lac Journal", eventually becoming its editor and publisher. His son John founded the "Fond du Lac Saturday Reporter". He died on December 16, 1898 in Fond du Lac.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Abbie Beeson's musical talents showed themselves at an early age. In September 1875, she went to Boston and studied under J. H. Wheeler and Eben Tourjée, meanwhile singing in Temple street church. In 1887 she was graduated from the New England Conservatory. She then went to Italy, where she began the study of opera under Perenini and Giovanni, and after one year of study she made her debut in Milan, in "La Traviata". In Cervia and Ravenna she won a triumph as "Gilda" "Rigoletto". Subsequently, she sang in "Dinorah" and "Lucia di Lammermoor". She was next engaged for a season of two months in Turin and for one month in Brescia; then she went to Venice to sing during the Carnival season.

paragraph: In 1879 she returned to the United States and sang in Milwaukee in April with the Mendelssohn Quartet Club. On October 7, 1879, in Boston, she sang with the Stakosch Opera Company. She next appeared in New York City with Theodore Thomas and the Philharmonic Society at the Steinway Hall. In January 1879, she made a tour of the main American cities, supported again by the Mendelssohn Quartet Club of Boston. In 1880–81 she made her first operatic tour with the C. D. Hess Grand Opera Company (also known as Strakosh-Hess Opera Company). In 1881–82 she was reengaged by Mr. Strakosch to sing on alternate nights with Etelka Gerster and Marie Roze.

paragraph: When the Grand Opera House opened in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, for the first time on August 11, 1883, Carrington sang the title role in "The Bohemian Girl".

paragraph: In 1883–84 Carrington visited Mexico and achieved so pronounced a success that in Vera Cruz, Orizaba, Pueblo, Monterey and the City of Mexico she received in writing the thanks of the municipality for the great pleasure she had given their people during her stay among them, and as a declaration of their esteem and appreciation made and presented her subscriptions to the amount of $31,000, to revisit them the following season with her own company.

paragraph: Carrington returned to the United States early in April, and immediately sailed for Europe at the solicitation of Manager Ernest Gye, of Covent Garden Theater, London. While there she secured some of the excellent talent that supported her during the following season, commencing in Richmond, Virginia, going directly South and to Mexico.

paragraph: During 1884/85 the Abbie Carrington Grand Opera Company proved to be one of the most successful of the organizations on the road. During 1885/86 Carrington reappeared in Italian opera with Her Majesty's Grand Opera Company. In 1887, after six consecutive seasons in grand opera, having sung the leading soprano roles in twenty different operas, Carrington took a much-needed rest, which resulted in opening a new sphere of work, and since that time she traveled only with her own company in concert and oratorio. The season of 1890–91, the most successful and extended of her career, was a tour of the Pacific Coast and British Columbia.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1872 Abbie Beeson married Adelbert P. Carrington (1869–1902), a man from Fond du Lac, a tinsmith who worked with her brother, Henry, and had one daughter, Mary Carrington (b. 1874) who married firstly A.L. Miller and secondly Emlyn Lewys (the son of Abbie's second husband). In March 1899 Beeson filed for divorce for nonsupport and cruelty. She said she supported her husband for twenty-five years on the revenue which she derived from the exercise of her talents in the vocal line. In 1900 she married Prof. Wilbert Lewys, director of the Virgil Practice Clavier musical schools of London and Berlin.

paragraph: Abbie Beeson Lewys died on April 8, 1925, in San Francisco, where she lived.

description: American operatic singer

wikidata_label: Abbie Carrington

wikipedia_title: Abbie Carrington


text:
Hungarian
Prince of Transylvania

categories: Rhédey family,Monarchs of Transylvania,1610 births,1667 deaths,People from Oradea

paragraph: Francis Rhédey

paragraph: Count Francis Rhédey de Kisréde ("c". 1610 – 13 May 1667) was a Hungarian noble, who served as Prince of Transylvania between 1657 and 1658.

wikidata_label: Francis Rhédey

wikipedia_title: Francis Rhédey


text:
Prima Ballerina
Volkstheater Rostock
Rostock
Prima Ballerina
Carmen
Juliet
Giselle
Youth American Grand Prix
Chautauqua Institution

paragraph: Melania Ballish Regueiro

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: A retired Prima Ballerina. Regueiro won the Bronze in the prestigious Brasilia International Dance Competition in 1992. She left home at the age of 14 to join the Cuban National Youth Ballet Company. In 1995 she moved to Germany, joining the Volkstheater Rostock under the direction of Itchko Lazarov. In Rostock, she rose eventually to become Prima Ballerina, and danced many principal roles including Carmen, Juliet, and Giselle.

paragraph: As a teacher, Regueiro has presented students at the Youth American Grand Prix. She is on the faculty at the Chautauqua Institution, is an American Ballet Theatre affiliate teacher, and has judged competitions internationally, including the Entreatos International Festival in Porto Real, Brazil.

wikidata_label: Melania Ballish Regueiro

wikipedia_title: Melania Ballish Regueiro


text:
House of York
Hugh Boyville
Ridlington
Burton Latimer
Henry Gage
Margaret of York
Charles the Bold
Edward IV
Richard III
Preston
Uppingham
Cecily Neville, Duchess of York
Little Oxendon
Cartulary
Burton Latimer

categories: 1511 deaths,15th-century English people,People from Rutland

paragraph: Richard Boyville

paragraph: Richard Boyville was a landowner who was closely associated with members of the House of York in the latter part of the 15th century.

paragraph: Section::::Background and family.

paragraph: Richard Boyville (Bovile, Boyvile, Boyvill, Boyvyle) was a son of Hugh Boyville of Ridlington, who served as Sheriff and a Member of Parliament for Rutland.

paragraph: The name of Richard’s mother is not recorded but she was probably Alice Christian, who is the only wife identified for Hugh.

paragraph: Richard’s wife was Griselda; there does not appear to be a record of her maiden name. The Boyville brass in Burton Latimer church (see below) features a man and a woman along with nine sons and nine daughters. However, in 1510/11, Richard named only these six children in his will:

paragraph: BULLET::::- George – “my son and heir”

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grysyll – “Grysyll Blakwall”

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret – “Margaret Gage”; married Henry Gage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cecily

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes

paragraph: As surnames were not stated for Cecily and Agnes in the will, it is probable that they were unmarried at that stage.

paragraph: Section::::Career and property.

paragraph: References to Richard’s career are limited, but it is clear that he was a long-standing and trusted courtier in the service of the House of York. In 1468, he accompanied Margaret of York to Burgundy for her marriage to Charles the Bold. Twelve years later, Margaret’s brother Edward IV, granted an annuity of £20 per year to Richard and his wife Griselda for attending Margaret on her visit to England. In October 1484, Richard III, who was also Margaret’s brother, confirmed that payments of this annuity and arrears on it should be funded from the revenues and profits of the demesnes of Preston and Uppingham that were then held by the Crown.

paragraph: Richard’s service was recognised in the will of Margaret’s mother, Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, which was made on 1 April 1495. Cecily’s bequests to “Richard Boyvile and Gresild his wife” included her chariot and horses, various items of clothing made of satin and damask and several elaborate pieces of gold and jewellery.

paragraph: Richard was also a landowner. In the seventh year of the reign of Edward IV (i.e. 1467-8), he received the Manor of Little Oxendon from his father Hugh Boyvile of Ridlington, Rutland. By the time he made his will, Richard also owned property at Burton Latimer.

paragraph: Section::::Will and monument.

paragraph: In the 16th century details from Richard’s will were copied into the Cartulary of Edward Griffin. The will was made on 20 January 1510/11 and proved on 23 May 1511. Richard, who was described as of Burton Latimer, left the manor of Little Oxendon to his wife Gresyll for life with remainder to his son George and set out detailed provisions for distributing the rest of his estate.

paragraph: Richard asked to be buried “afore the channcell dore in the paryshe churche of our lady seynt mary of Burton [Latymer] besides my wyffes sete”. He and his family are almost certainly the group commemorated by brasses set into a large stone in the floor of Burton Latimer church, at the east end of the south aisle just south of the chancel arch. Not all of the brasses survive but those that do or have been recorded show a man and a woman accompanied by nine boys and nine girls. In each corner of the stone base is an indented space for a heraldic shield. Only the one at the bottom left corner still contains its brass, showing in uncoloured form the arms bourn by Richard’s branch of the Boyville family, which were recorded at the Visitation of Northamptonshire in 1618-19 as “Gules, a fess Or between three saltires Argent“.

description: English landowner and courtier

wikidata_label: Richard Boyville

wikipedia_title: Richard Boyville


text: Quebec

text: Longueuil

text: Montreal

text: Collège Marie-de-France

text: Université de Montréal

text: École des hautes études

text: Paris

text: Cégep Édouard-Montpetit

text: Académie des lettres du Québec

text: Prix Émile-Nelligan

text: Prix Athanase-David

text: Governor General's Literary Awards

text: Jean-François Chassay

text: Journal de Montréal

categories: Canadian short story writers in French,Governor General's Award-winning fiction writers,Université de Montréal alumni,1948 births,20th-century Canadian novelists,Canadian women novelists,21st-century Canadian short story writers,20th-century Canadian short story writers,Canadian women short story writers,People from Longueuil,20th-century Canadian women writers,21st-century Canadian novelists,École pratique des hautes études alumni,Canadian novelists in French,Writers from Quebec,21st-century Canadian women writers,Living people

paragraph: Monique LaRue

paragraph: Monique LaRue (born April 3, 1948) is a Quebec writer.

paragraph: The daughter of Therese Cloutier and Jean-Paul LaRue, she was born in Longueuil and was educated in Montreal at the Collège Jésus-Marie, the Collège Marie-de-France and the Université de Montréal, and at the École des hautes études in Paris. She has taught literature and French at the Cégep Édouard-Montpetit for more than 30 years. LaRue is a member of the Académie des lettres du Québec. She has sat on juries for various literary prizes, including the Prix Émile-Nelligan, the Prix Athanase-David, the Governor General's Literary Awards and the Grand prix littéraire de la ville de Montréal (serving as chair for three years).

paragraph: LaRue published her first novel "La Cohorte fictive" in 1979. She has written literary commentary for "Spirale" and other publications.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Faux fuyants", novel (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plages", stories (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Aventure, la mésaventure", stories (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Promenades littéraires dans Montréal" (1989) with Jean-François Chassay

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Copies conformes", novel (1990), received the Grand prix du livre de Montréal

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La démarche du crabe", novel (1996), received the Prix du Journal de Montréal

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La gloire de Cassiodore", novel (2002), received the Governor General's Award for French-language fiction

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De fil en aiguille", collected essays (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L’œil de Marquise", novel (2009), received the Prix Jacques-Cartier du roman de langue française

description: Canadian writer

wikidata_label: Monique LaRue

wikipedia_title: Monique LaRue


text:
Count of Savoy
Montmélian
Savoie
Thomas I of Savoy
Margaret of Geneva
Aosta Valley
Manfred III of Saluzzo
Boniface II of Montferrat
Thomas
Turin
Pinerolo
Boniface
Peter
William
Château de Chillon
Thomas
Boniface
Henry III of England
Eleanor of Provence
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Brescia
Enzo of Sardinia
Pope Innocent IV
Rome
Philip
Lyon
Provence
Beatrice of Provence
Charles of Anjou
Parma
Marguerite of Burgundy
Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy
Beatrice of Savoy
Manfred III of Saluzzo
Manfred of Sicily
Margaret of Savoy (d. 1254)
Boniface II of Montferrat
Count of Valentinois
Cecilia of Baux
Barral of Baux
Boniface, Count of Savoy
Beatrice of Savoy
Infante
Manuel of Castile

categories: Dukes of Chablais,1197 births,People from Savoie,Counts of Savoy,1253 deaths

paragraph: Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy

paragraph: Amadeus IV (1197 – 24 June 1253) was Count of Savoy from 1233 to 1253.

paragraph: Amadeus was born in Montmélian, Savoie. The legitimate heir of Thomas I of Savoy and Margaret of Geneva, he had however to fight with his brothers for the inheritance of Savoy lands after their father's death. His brothers Pietro and Aimone spurred a revolt in Aosta Valley against Amadeus, but he was able to crush it with the help of Manfred III of Saluzzo and Boniface II of Montferrat, who were his sons-in-law. Together with his brother, Thomas, he fought against the communes of Turin and Pinerolo, but with uncertain results.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his young son Boniface.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Head of the Family.

paragraph: As the eldest son of Thomas I of Savoy, Amadeus inherited the County and associated lands on his father's death in 1233. However, his brothers Peter and Aymon demanded that he divide the territories and give them their share. In July 1234, he and his brother William convened a family meeting at Château de Chillon. While both sides arrived with armed troops, William was able to negotiate a treaty between the brothers. This treaty kept the lands intact, but recognized the authority of the younger brothers within certain regions under Amadeus. These territories were on the frontiers of Savoy lands, designed to encourage the brothers to expand the county rather than diminish it. When his brother Thomas left his career in the church in 1235, Amadeus granted him similar territories.

paragraph: Before he had a son, Amadeus changed his mind many times regarding his will. Initially, he had made his sons-in-law his heirs, but in 1235, he rewrote his will in favour of his brother Thomas. In December of that year, it went back to having his sons-in-law as heirs, until Amadeus was preparing for the siege. Then he rewrote the will in favour of Thomas. In March 1239, his daughters convinced him to return it to their favour. On 4 November 1240, Thomas returned and persuaded him to rewrite the will in his brother's favour again. When Thomas left, once again the will was reversed. His final will was written in 1252, leaving the title and nearly everything to his son, Boniface, and naming his brother Thomas as regent and second in line for the title.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Among European Powers.

paragraph: Amadeus faced many challenges in balancing the demands of the greater powers in Europe at that time. Henry III of England wrote to Amadeus in 1235 to seek his consent and blessing to marry the Count's niece, Eleanor of Provence In 1238, Amadeus went to the court of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, in Turin, where he was knighted by the Emperor. Then with his brothers, he led troops as part of the siege of Brescia. In July 1243, Amadeus and his brother Thomas were ordered by Enzo of Sardinia to join him in a siege of Vercelli, which had recently switched allegiances from the Empire to the Pope. Not only was the attack on the city unsuccessful, but Amadeus and his brother were excommunicated for it. When the brothers wrote to the new Pope Innocent IV to appeal the excommunication, he granted their request.

paragraph: In late 1244, when Pope Innocent IV fled from Rome, Amadeus met him in Susa and escorted him through the passes to Chambéry, and then provided his brother Philip as escort for the Pope downriver to Lyon. However, Amadeus was then willing to open the same passes to the imperial army. He also signed a treaty with Henry III on 16 January 1246 which gave rights of passage through the passes to the English in exchange for an annual payment of 200 marks. That same month, Amadeus joined a force which went to Provence to rescue his niece, Beatrice of Provence from the forces of Frederick and escort her to her marriage to Charles of Anjou By May 1247, Frederick was ready to move against the Pope. He had gathered his army in Turin, and ordered those still loyal to him in the kingdoms of Arles and France to meet at Chambéry (the capital of Savoy). However, the revolt of Parma pulled Frederick back from this plan. That same summer, Amadeus blocked an attempt by the Pope to send 1500 soldiers to the Lombard League. On 8 November 1248, Frederick asked Amadeus and his brother Thomas to go to Lyon and start negotiations for peace. However, their efforts were unsuccessful and war continued until the death of Frederick.

paragraph: Section::::Family and children.

paragraph: He married twice, and each marriage produced children

paragraph: BULLET::::- c. 1217, he married Marguerite of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice of Savoy (d. 1258), married firstly in 1233 Manfred III of Saluzzo (d. 1244), married secondly on 21 April 1247 Manfred of Sicily

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret of Savoy (d. 1254), married firstly on 9 December 1235 Boniface II of Montferrat, married secondly Aymar III, Count of Valentinois

paragraph: BULLET::::- on 18 Dec 1244, he married Cecilia of Baux, "Passerose", daughter of Barral of Baux

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boniface, Count of Savoy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice of Savoy (1250 – 23 February 1292) married Peter of Chalon and "Infante" Manuel of Castile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleonor of Savoy, married in 1269 Guichard de Beaujeu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constance of Savoy, died after 1263

description: Count of Savoy 1233-1253

wikidata_label: Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy

wikipedia_title: Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy


text:
lord of the manor
Shirwell
Devon
Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford
John Dinham
Hartland
Kingskerswell
Nutwell
Buckland Dinham
Cardinham
William Pole
Powderham
letters patent
Philip Beaumont
Philip Beaumont
Member of Parliament
Sheriff of Devon
Lisle Letters

paragraph: William Beaumont (1427–1453)

paragraph: William Beaumont (1427–1453) was lord of the manor of Shirwell in North Devon and a substantial landholder in Devon.

paragraph: The Beaumont family of Devon, generally said to have been seated at the estate of Youlston within their manor of Shirwell in North Devon, is supposed by that family's historian Edward Beaumont in his 1929 work "The Beaumonts in History. A.D. 850–1850", to have descended from Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford (born 1106).

paragraph: William Beaumont was the second son of Sir Thomas Beaumont (1401–1450) of Shirwell by his first wife Philippa Dinham, a daughter of Sir John Dinham (1359–1428) of Hartland in North Devon, Kingskerswell and Nutwell in South Devon, Buckland Dinham in Somerset and Cardinham in Cornwall.

paragraph: According to Sir William Pole, writing in the early 17th century, Beaumont married "Jone" (Joan), a daughter of Sir William Courtenay of Powderham. Joan had borne him no children and William separated from her two years before his death and went to live in London, leaving her in Devon. It is thought the split was due to Joan having had an affair with the Cornish gentleman Henry Bodrugan. Certainly during this period of separation from her husband she gave birth to a son John "Bodrugan alias Beaumont" (died 1486) who was later declared by royal letters patent a bastard. After William's death Joan married Henry Bodrugan. This so-called "Beaumont Bastard" was later to make persistent, and ultimately partly successful, efforts to claim the Beaumont inheritance. The right heir to William, namely his younger brother Philip Beaumont (1432–1473), in order to counter his persistence obtained royal letters patent dated 1467 proclaiming the bastardy. John was not put off and ultimately gained the Beaumont manors of Gittesham and Lampford, changed his name and armorials to Beaumont and established a family of that name which survived at Gittesham for three generations.

paragraph: William Beaumont died in 1453. His heir was his younger brother Philip Beaumont (1432–1473), a Member of Parliament for a constituency in Devon and Sheriff of Devon in 1469.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beaumont, Edward T., "The Beaumonts in History. A.D. 850–1850", Oxford, c. 1929, esp. chapter 5, pp. 56–72, "The Devonshire Family"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (ed.) "The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620", Exeter, 1895, p. 46, pedigree of Basset; p. 65, pedigree of Beaumont of Gittisham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Byrne, Muriel St. Clare, (ed.) "The Lisle Letters", 6 vols, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 1981, vol.1, pp. 299–350, "Grenvilles and Bassets" & vol.4, Chapter 7 re "The Great Indenture". (Explains the descent of the Beaumont lands following the death of the last male of the Beaumonts of Devon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pole, Sir William (d.1635), "Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon", Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, esp. pp. 166–168, Gittesham; pp. 407–409, Shirwell. (Pole's text provides in the opinion of Byrne, provides "the essential information" for an understanding of the Beaumont family history 1450–1500.(Byrne, 1981, vol.4, p. 1))

wikidata_label: William Beaumont

wikipedia_title: William Beaumont (1427–1453)


text:
tsar
Bulgaria
Simeon I of Bulgaria
George Sursuvul
Constantinople
Byzantine Thrace
Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927
Byzantine Emperor
Romanos I Lakapenos
Maria
Zoödochos Pege
Preslav Treasure
basileus
autocephalus
Peter's older brother Michael
werewolf
magician
Italia
Liutprand of Cremona
Prince of Serbia
Časlav Klonimirović
Preslav
Magyars
Pannonia
Danube
federates
Árpád dynasty
Macedonia
Cosmas Presbyter
Ivan of Rila
Bogomil
heresy
Patriarch Theophylact of Constantinople
Arabs
Nikephoros II Phokas
Russian
Sviatoslav Igorevich
Danube
battle near Silistra
Basil II
Constantine VIII
Pechenegs
Paulicians
Bulgarian Orthodox Church
Middle Ages
Bulgaria fell under Byzantine rule
Peter Delyan
Constantine Bodin
Maria Lakapena
Plenimir
Boris II
Roman
Peter Peak
Livingston Island
South Shetland Islands
Antarctica

categories: 970 deaths,10th-century Christian saints,10th-century births,10th-century Bulgarian emperors,Christian monarchs,10th-century rulers in Europe,Christian royal saints,Medieval Bulgarian saints

paragraph: Peter I of Bulgaria

paragraph: Peter I () (died 30 January 970) was emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 27 May 927 to 969.

paragraph: Section::::Early reign.

paragraph: Petar I was the son of Simeon I of Bulgaria by his second marriage to the sister of George Sursuvul. Petar had been born early in the 10th century, but it appears that his maternal uncle was very influential at the beginning of his reign. In 913 Petar may have visited the imperial palace at Constantinople together with his older brother Michael. For unspecified reasons, Simeon had forced Michael to become a monk and had named Peter as his successor.

paragraph: To prove himself a worthy successor to his father both at home and in the eyes of foreign governments, Petar began his reign with a military offensive into Byzantine Thrace in 927 which was the last campaign of the Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927. Nevertheless, he followed up his quick successes by secretly negotiating a peace treaty before the Byzantine government had a chance to retaliate. The Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lakapenos eagerly accepted the proposal for peace and arranged for a diplomatic marriage between his granddaughter Maria and the Bulgarian monarch. In October 927 Peter arrived near Constantinople to meet Romanos and signed the peace treaty, marrying Maria on 8 November in the church of the Zoödochos Pege. To signify the new era in Bulgaro-Byzantine relations, the princess was renamed Eirene ("peace"). The extensive Preslav Treasure is thought to represent part of the dowery of the princess. The treaty of 927 actually represents the fruit of Simeon's military successes and diplomatic initiatives, ably continued by his son's government. Peace was obtained with the frontiers restored to those defined in treaties of 897 and 904. The Byzantines recognised the Bulgarian monarch's title of emperor ("basileus", "tsar") and the autocephalus status of the Bulgarian patriarchate, while the payment of an annual tribute to Bulgaria by the Byzantine Empire was renewed.

paragraph: Section::::Revolts and incursions.

paragraph: The initial successes of Petar's reign were followed by several minor setbacks. Around 930, Petar faced a revolt led by his younger brother Ivan, who was defeated and sent into exile in Byzantium. Soon afterwards Peter's older brother Michael escaped from his monastery and led a more formidable rebellion, which terminated with his early death. The youngest brother, Benjamin (also called Bojan), was accused of being a werewolf and magician by the Italian Bishop Liutprand of Cremona, but he apparently posed no threat to Peter's authority.

paragraph: Perhaps taking advantage of these challenges to Petar's rule, the Prince of Serbia Časlav Klonimirović escaped the Bulgarian capital Preslav in 933 and, with tacit Byzantine support, managed to raise a Serbian revolt against Bulgarian rule. The revolt succeeded and Serbia recovered its independence. Petar may have had to also face the incursions of the Magyars, who had been defeated and forced into Pannonia by his father in 896. Perhaps after an initial defeat, Petar came to terms with the enemy and now used Magyar groups as his allies against Serbia. Various Magyar clans and chieftains appear to have begun to settle in what was still Bulgarian territory north of the Danube, where they may have become Bulgarian federates, enjoying independence from the Árpád dynasty. This arrangement paved the way for the eventual loss of the region to the Magyars, although that happened over the half-century following Petar's death. Petar apparently allowed these groups to cross Bulgaria and raid Byzantine territories in Thrace and Macedonia, perhaps as an underhanded reaction against Byzantine support for the Serbian rebellion.

paragraph: Section::::Domestic rule.

paragraph: Petar I presided over a long and relatively peaceful reign, albeit one poorly illuminated by foreign or native sources. In spite of the challenges he encountered soon after his accession and the critical situation at the very end of his life, Petar's Bulgaria appears to have been prosperous and increasingly well organized, with an administrative apparatus noted by foreign travelers and confirmed by the numerous finds of imperial seals. Petar was particularly generous towards the Church, which he endowed lavishly throughout his reign. The emperor's generosity reached such an extent that it was seen as a corrupting factor by even Orthodox clerics, like Cosmas Presbyter. Others chose a path away from the temptations of the secular world, most notably Saint Ivan of Rila, but their ascetic existence still drew the attention of the monarch. Luxury and social tensions may have contributed to the spread of the Bogomil heresy, which Petar duly undertook to combat, soliciting the advice of famous hermits and even his uncle-in-law, Patriarch Theophylact of Constantinople.

paragraph: Section::::Conflict with Byzantium and Rus.

paragraph: Relations with the Byzantine Empire worsened after the death of Petar's wife in the mid-960s. Victorious over the Arabs, Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas refused to pay the annual tribute to Bulgaria in 966, complaining of the Bulgarian alliance with the Magyars, and he undertook a show of force at the Bulgarian border. Dissuaded from a direct attack against Bulgaria, Nikephoros II dispatched a messenger to the Russian prince Sviatoslav Igorevich to arrange a Russian attack against Bulgaria from the north.

paragraph: Sviatoslav readily launched a campaign with a vast force of 60,000 troops, routed the Bulgarians on the Danube, and defeated them in a battle near Silistra, seizing some 80 Bulgarian fortresses in 968. Stunned by the success of his ally and suspicious of his actual intentions, Emperor Nikephoros II hastened to make peace with Bulgaria and arranged the marriage of his wards, the underage emperors Basil II and Constantine VIII, to two Bulgarian princesses. Two of Petar's sons were sent to Constantinople as both negotiators and honorary hostages. In the meantime Petar managed to secure the retreat of the Russian forces by inciting Bulgaria's traditional allies, the Pechenegs, to attack Kiev itself.

paragraph: In spite of this temporary success and the reconciliation with Byzantium, Bulgaria faced a new invasion by Sviatoslav in 969. The Bulgarians were defeated again, and Petar suffered a stroke, which led him to abdicate and become a monk. He died on 30 January 970.

paragraph: Section::::Reputation.

paragraph: Compared with the military success of his father's reign, Petar has been traditionally considered a weak ruler, who lost lands and prestige, allowed his military forces to decline while his country was ravaged by foreign invaders, and turned Bulgaria into a Byzantine satellite governed by Byzantine agents in the persons of his empress and her retinue. This view has been questioned by more recent scholarship, which emphasizes the affluence and internal peace enjoyed by Bulgarian society during his long reign, re-evaluates the relationship between Bulgaria and its semi-nomadic neighbors (Magyars and Pechenegs), and questions the allegedly sinister role of Romanos' granddaughter and her retinue. While Petar's reign witnessed the spread of the Bogomil heresy, its origins were more demographic (perhaps inspired by Paulicians settled earlier by Byzantine emperors in Thrace) than social, and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church canonized him as a saint. Petar was considered a good ruler in the Middle Ages, and when Bulgaria fell under Byzantine rule (1018–1185), leaders of attempts to restore Bulgarian independence adopted his name to emphasize legitimacy and continuity (both Peter Delyan and Constantine Bodin adopted the royal name of Peter in their attempts to regain the throne from the Byzantines).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his marriage to Maria Lakapena (renamed Eirene), Petar I had several children, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plenimir

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boris II, who succeeded as emperor of Bulgaria in 969

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman, who succeeded as emperor of Bulgaria in 977

paragraph: Section::::Honour.

paragraph: Peter Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Peter I of Bulgaria.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John V.A. Fine, Jr., "The Early Medieval Balkans", Ann Arbor, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, "Koj koj e v srednovekovna Bălgarija", Sofia 1999.

description: Tsar of Bulgaria

wikidata_label: Peter I of Bulgaria

wikipedia_title: Peter I of Bulgaria


text:
American football
wide receiver
National Football League
2008 NFL Draft
Washington Redskins
college football
University of Oklahoma
Longview High School
Longview, Texas
Patrick Turner
DeSean Jackson
true freshman
2005 season
Nebraska
Texas A&M
The Sporting News
2006 season
Texas Tech
Middle Tennessee
Mark Clayton
Big 12
2007 Fiesta Bowl
2007 season
North Texas
Miami Hurricanes
Eric Crouch
drafted
Washington Redskins
2008 NFL Draft
University of Houston
football program
Texas Christian University’s
football program
Oklahoma Sooners bio
Washington Redskins bio

categories: Oklahoma Sooners football players,American football wide receivers,1986 births,People from Longview, Texas,Players of American football from Texas,Longview High School alumni,Living people

paragraph: Malcolm Kelly

paragraph: Malcolm Xavier Kelly (born December 30, 1986) is a former American football wide receiver that played in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the second round (51st overall) of the 2008 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Kelly attended Longview High School in Longview, Texas. He was a three-time all-district first team selection at wide receiver and was also named First team all-state his final two years in 2003 and 2004. Kelly caught 29 passes for 638 yards and nine touchdowns as a senior, as well as 27 passes for 826 yards and six touchdowns as a junior.

paragraph: Kelly was ranked the sixth best wide receiver in the nation by both "Rivals.com" and "Scout.com", behind Patrick Turner and DeSean Jackson among others.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Playing as a true freshman in the 2005 season, Kelly led the Sooners in receptions and receiving yards. He had a season-high eight receptions at Nebraska, and hauled in five passes for a season-best 118 yards against Texas A&M. He became the fourth freshman in OU history to lead the team in receiving, the first since 1975.

paragraph: Kelly was named to "The Sporting News" Freshman All-American Team and All-Big 12 Freshman Team. He also received an All-Big 12 honorable mention (Big 12 Coaches). Kelly ranks No. 4 at Oklahoma for receiving yards by a freshman, No. 5 for receptions by a freshman.

paragraph: In his 19th career game at Oklahoma, Kelly became the fastest player in Sooners history to reach 1,000 career receiving yards. During the 2006 season he led the Sooners in receptions, receiving yards and touchdown catches. In a game against Texas Tech he tied the school record with 11 receptions. He also went over 100 receiving yards in five games with a best of 164 versus Middle Tennessee. He was named MVP of the Big 12 Championship Game.

paragraph: After only two seasons with the Sooners, Kelly made it to eleventh on the all-time career receiving list with 1,464 yards. He also has the second most receiving yards in a season in OU's history with 993 yards, behind Mark Clayton's 1,425 yards. He also led Oklahoma to the Big 12 championship. He scored ten touchdowns in his junior Campaign.

paragraph: Kelly suffered a knee injury early in the 2007 Fiesta Bowl and missed most of the game.

paragraph: Kelly began the 2007 season with a great game against North Texas, receiving for over 150 yards in a 79–10 victory. A week later he recorded 102 yards and three touchdowns receiving as the Sooners beat the Miami Hurricanes 51–13. In his junior season he ranked second on the Sooners, grabbing 49 passes for 821 yards (16.8-yard average) and nine touchdowns.

paragraph: After being injured in the Fiesta Bowl, Kelly did not work out at the NFL Combine. On pro day at Oklahoma on April 9, 2008, Kelly ran a disappointing 4.75 and 4.68 in the 40 yard dash. Afterward, the Oklahoma coaching staff acknowledged a last-minute change in the venue and turf—players must wear appropriate shoes for a given surface. Kelly claimed, [and Oklahoma denied with little effort towards a second opinion], his injury was misdiagnosed by the Oklahoma staff. Kelly benched 225 15 times. Kelly's short shuttle was 4.15 with a 6.83 cone drill. He was thrown 22 passes from stand-in QB Eric Crouch and caught 21.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Kelly was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the second round (51st overall) of the 2008 NFL Draft. On July 14, he signed a four-year, $3.36 million contract with $1.655 million guaranteed. However, due to injuries Kelly was inactive for three of the first five games of his rookie season. He appeared in only five games his first year, catching three passes for 18 yards.

paragraph: Kelly played 16 games in 2009 recording 25 receptions for 347 yards. Kelly spent the entire 2010 season on injured reserve with a knee injury.

paragraph: On August 30, 2011, Kelly was released with an injury settlement.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.

paragraph: On February 21, 2017, it was announced that Kelly joined the University of Houston's football program as an offensive graduate assistant.

paragraph: On March 4, 2019, it was announced that Kelly joined the Texas Christian University’s football program as an outside wide-reicever coach.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oklahoma Sooners bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington Redskins bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Malcolm Kelly

wikipedia_title: Malcolm Kelly