text:
Roman
military commander
usurper
Thirty Tyrants
Gallienus
Daco-Roman
Historia Augusta
Zonaras
Zosimus
Zonaras
Roman province of Dacia
Danube
Dacians
Gallienus
comitatus
Mediolanum
Milan
Ingenuus
Mursa
Macrianus Major
Macrianus Minor
Danubian provinces
Ingenuus
Regalianus
Postumus
Juthungi
Raetia
Saloninus
Gallic Empire
Raetia
Augsburg Altar
Goths
Heruls
Claudius Gothicus
Aurelian
treason
Alamanni
Claudius Gothicus
Agri Decumates
Adda
Pontirolo
Aurelius Heraclianus
Claudius
Aurelian
Praetorian Guard
moral authority

categories: 3rd-century Romans,Thirty Tyrants (Roman),Gallienus usurpers,268 deaths,Ancient Roman generals,220 births

paragraph: Aureolus

paragraph: Manius Acilius Aureolus (died 268) was a Roman military commander and would-be usurper. He was one of the so-called Thirty Tyrants who populated the reign of the Emperor Gallienus. Of humble Daco-Roman origins, he was 'made' by the Emperor Gallienus and proved himself to be one of the most brilliant and innovative soldiers of the age. However, he later turned against his benefactor, and was destroyed in the political turmoil that surrounded the Emperor's assassination in a conspiracy orchestrated by his senior officers. The ancient sources which refer to Aureolus are limited and the information they do provide is often contradictory. They include the Historia Augusta, Zonaras' epitome and Zosimus' Historia Nova. His career was most recently summarised in John Bray's biography of Gallienus. The analysis of Aureolus's career given here, especially his final rebellion, is largely based on Bray.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: There is no way of determining his date of birth, but given that he was at the height of his powers in the later 250s and 260s AD he is likely to have been born by 230 at the latest. Zonaras says that he was a herdsman born in the Roman province of Dacia, north of the Danube. It may be conjectured that, like many Dacians, he enlisted in the Roman Army as a young man and had the good fortune to come to the attention of the Emperor Gallienus.

paragraph: His first job was said to have been as a groom. If so, he must have been a good one, because we first encounter him as Master of the Imperial Horses ('Phronistes') according to Zonaras. The exact meaning of this term is yet unclear. Does it mean that he was Gallienus's Head Groom or does it refer to his later position as commander of Gallienus's cavalry army? (see below). He was said to have been ambidextrous which is doubtless a useful skill for a groom, but may also be a commentary on his untrustworthy character as interpreted by later historians. Throughout his reign Gallienus was always willing to promote talent wherever he found it, and Aureolus was one of the most brilliant of the New Men who were replacing senators in positions of high command in the army in the course of his reign.

paragraph: Section::::With Gallienus.

paragraph: As Imperial Horsemaster Aureolus would have been well-placed to work with Gallienus in formulating and developing the concept of a self-contained cavalry force to beef up the effectiveness of the comitatus as a highly mobile field army under the Emperor's direct control. Aureolus was the first commander of this force under the Emperor. It was based at Mediolanum (Milan).

paragraph: Aureolus first made his mark in history in 258 (or 260—the date is uncertain) when his cavalry was principally responsible for the defeat of the usurper Ingenuus at the Battle of Mursa (Osijek in Croatia). In 261 he commanded the force which defeated the army of the usurpers Macrianus Major and Macrianus Minor in battle somewhere in the central Balkans. As the army of the Macriani, which was swollen by the garrisons of the Danubian provinces that were obviously still seething with the resentments that had caused them to support first Ingenuus and then Regalianus, was probably at least 30,000 strong it would have required more than Aureolus's cavalry alone to challenge it. In any case Gallienus seems to have given Aureolus a free hand in crushing the rebels and entrusted him with a force that proved sufficient for the purpose. As to why Aureolus is credited with suppressing the Macriani as a major challenge to Gallienus's rule rather than the Emperor himself there are two possible explanations: (1) The determination of the Latin historians to denigrate the achievements of Gallienus; however, a more likely explanation is that (2) Gallienus was attempting at this time to crush the Gallic usurper Postumus who he probably saw as an even greater threat to his regime than the Macriani and to clear the Juthungi out of the Alpine province of Raetia where they posed a direct threat to Italy and Rome. (In any case, Postumus had been principally responsible for the murder of Gallienus's son, the Caesar Saloninus, which made their dispute highly personal in a way that with the Macriani was not).

paragraph: Section::::Against Gallienus.

paragraph: After the Macriani were defeated and the Danubian garrison forces who had supported them were pacified, Aureolus accompanied the Emperor in (another?) attempt to crush Postumus and his Gallic Empire. It may have been as a result of this campaign that the province of Raetia was recovered from the Gallic Empire (which had driven out the Juthungi where Gallienus seems to have failed) and Postumus's inscription on the Augsburg Altar was erased. However, Postumus managed to evade complete defeat thanks, it was asserted, to the 'carelessness' of Aureolus. It is often implied that even at this stage Aureolus was willing to see Gallienus displaced as Emperor and that he deliberately allowed the Gallic usurper to evade destruction.

paragraph: Zosimus (1.41) reports that Aureolus and two other officers conspired against Gallienus, but that all of them were punished and submitted, except Aureolus, who retained his anger against the emperor. It is now impossible to determine what lies behind this reference. Perhaps, as a Dacian, Aureolus resented Gallienus's policy of withdrawing elements of the Dacian garrison to reinforce his field army for the defence of Italy thus compounding the problems of barbarian incursions into Dacia. Such resentment may well have enabled Aureolus to persuade himself that Gallienus had forfeited his heaven-sent mandate to rule. However, this is pure speculation unsupported by any direct evidence as to what motivated Aureolus.

paragraph: At any event, whether or not he indulged in an unsuccessful conspiracy, Aureolus does seem to have lost the confidence of Gallienus as a result of his failure to destroy Postumus in Gaul even though he was not brought to trial nor dismissed from the Imperial service for that dereliction of duty. He had been given sole responsibility for the campaign against the Macriani, yet when the Goths and Heruls invaded the Danubian provinces with an enormous force in 268, Aureolus was not even a senior officer of the Imperial "comitatus" that accompanied the Emperor against the marauders. He was not even left in Milan to mind the shop against Postumus. He seems instead to have been made commander of the Raetian garrison while his cavalry went east with the Emperor under the command of Claudius (later the Emperor Claudius Gothicus) or Aurelian who also became Emperor in due course.

paragraph: Losing command of the elite cavalry he had done so much to create and had once led so brilliantly must have seemed a humiliating demotion for Aureolus. That it distinguished itself still further in the campaign against the Goths (especially at the battle of Nessus (the River Nestus that divided the provinces of Macedonia and Thrace) was no doubt additionally galling. (Post hoc ergo propter hoc (?) Aureolus confirmed his disaffection from Gallienus by deserting his Alpine command, and invading Italy where he took his old base, Milan. This was an act of the very highest treason and meant that Gallienus had to break off his campaign against the Goths in the Balkans at a most critical moment to return to Italy to deal with him. However, it may be that the long-term consequences of Aureolus's rebellion were even more serious in that it opened Raetia to further invasion by the Alamanni who then went on to raid in force into Italy itself next year in the early months of the reign of Claudius Gothicus. It may have been at this time that the Agri Decumates, the Roman lands north-east of the upper Rhine were lost for good.

paragraph: From Milan Aureolus invited Postumus to challenge Gallienus for the Empire with his support. Using the Imperial mint in Milan he had coins struck bearing Postumus's image as Emperor with appeals to the faith of his former comrades of the cavalry on the reverse. This seems to have been Aureolus's idea alone for Postumus never tried to suborn the loyalty of the cavalry in this way.

paragraph: In any event, Postumus ignored his invitation and Aureolus, unsupported by the Gallic usurper, was defeated by Gallienus in a battle on the river Adda east of Milan at a place known for centuries as Pontirolo (from Latin "Pons Aureoli" i.e. 'The Bridge of Aureolus'). He was then besieged in Milan which was invested by Gallienus's military "comitatus" (including, it would seem, the cavalry which Aureolus had been largely instrumental in creating and to loyalty of which he now appealed in vain).

paragraph: It cannot be certain what Aureolus's motives were in staging his desperate coup against Gallienus. It may have been sheer resentment at his demotion after the unsuccessful attack on Postumus combined with a belief that Gallienus's military policies had undermined the defences of Dacia and the Illyrian provinces. Admittedly, if indeed he had deliberately let Postumus off the hook, he would have been very lucky to escape with his life under almost any other Roman Emperor rather than be rewarded with another significant command. Military ambition quite often exceeded gratitude in Gallienus's reign. However, the conspiracy by the Praetorian Prefect, together with Aurelius Heraclianus, Claudius and Aurelian that was to cost Gallienus his life suggests that there was a growing belief at the highest level of the army in the later 260s that the Emperor was no longer fit to rule and Aureolus may well have shared these sentiments.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: When Gallienus was murdered it is possible Aureolus made his own bid for the Purple if a rather obscure issue of coinage is to be believed. However, as Aureolus had earlier offered his allegiance to Postumus it seems likely that he made this last defiant gesture—if indeed he did make it—only when Postumus failed to take advantage of the turmoil in Italy.

paragraph: Aureolus's end came when he surrendered to Claudius Gothicus who had by this time succeeded Gallienus as Emperor after the latter was assassinated in a 'Marshals' Plot' in which Claudius was almost certainly a prime mover.

paragraph: However, apparently before Claudius could decide what to do with him, Aureolus was murdered by Claudius's Praetorian Guard, supposedly in revenge for Aureolus's rebellion against Gallienus which had evoked great fury in the ranks of the Imperial comitatus which obviously did not share the treasonable disloyalty to that Emperor's regime of its most senior officers.

paragraph: The question might be asked, if they were thus infuriated by Aureolus who had merely rebelled against Gallienus—something a good many self-respecting senior soldiers had attempted during his turbulent reign—why did they not exact similar vengeance on his actual murderers? It could well be that the moral authority over the army exercised by Claudius, Heraclianus, Aurelian et al. who, however tainted by treason, had at least shown themselves as resolute defenders of the Empire in numerous wars against its barbaric foes, was of a different order to that enjoyed by Aureolus after his suspicious failure to finish off Postumus after his victory over the Macriani.

paragraph: However, it is also possible to suggest that the action of Claudius's Praetorians in taking it upon themselves to dispose of Aureolus would have been very convenient if their master wanted to obliterate any evidence of treasonable links between Aureolus and Gallienus's murderers. Against this one might wonder why Gallienus's treacherous marshals would see any benefit in associating themselves with damaged goods such as Aureolus.

paragraph: Sometimes the simplest explanations are most persuasive. Aureolus was murdered by furious soldiers who were then persuaded to turn a blind eye to the likely greater culpability of their new leader—no doubt convinced in the end by the generous donative he was able to offer them.

paragraph: In the end we do not know and will never know what motivated the men of the Imperial Comitatus or their leaders in 268 AD.

description: Roman military commander

wikidata_label: Aureolus

wikipedia_title: Aureolus


text: KG

text: William Russell, Lord Russell

text: Rachel Wriothesley

text: Duke of Bedford

text: Baron Howland of Streatham

text: Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgwater

text: Lady Elizabeth Russell

text: William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex

text: Magdalen College, Oxford

text: Howland Great Wet Dock

text: Thames

text: Rotherhithe

text: Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire

text: Bedfordshire

text: Middlesex

text: Gentleman of the Bedchamber

text: William III

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Lord High Constable of England

text: Queen Anne

text: smallpox

text: St. Michael’s Church

text: Chenies

text: Buckinghamshire

categories: 1711 deaths,Knights of the Garter,Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford,Lord-Lieutenants of Bedfordshire,Deaths from smallpox,Russell family,Lord-Lieutenants of Middlesex,Lord-Lieutenants of Cambridgeshire,Dukes of Bedford,1680 births,Barons Russel

paragraph: Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford KG (1 November 1680 – 26 May 1711) was an English nobleman and politician. He was the son of William Russell, Lord Russell, and his wife Lady Rachel Wriothesley. From 1683 until 1694, he was styled Lord Russell, and from 1695 until his accession in 1700, Marquess of Tavistock.

paragraph: Russell married the rich heiress Elizabeth Howland, daughter of John Howland of Streatham, on 23 May 1695. Shortly thereafter (13 June 1695), his grandfather, the Duke of Bedford, was created Baron Howland of Streatham to commemorate the marriage. The couple had six children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Russell, Marquess of Tavistock (13 August 1703 – December 1703)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Russell, Marquess of Tavistock (1704 – c. May 1707)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Rachael Russell (c. 1707–1777), married Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgwater and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford (1708–1732)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lt.-Gen. Sir John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford (1710–1771)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Elizabeth Russell (1704–1784), married William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex, and had issue.

paragraph: On 13 May 1696, Tavistock, as he then was, matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford. Around 1698, he began the construction of the Howland Great Wet Dock on the Thames, on some of his wife's dowry lands in Rotherhithe.

paragraph: Russell held the offices of Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire and Middlesex between 1701 and 1711. He was also a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to William III from 1701 to 1702. After William's death, he was invested as a Knight of the Garter on 14 March 1702 and served as Lord High Constable of England for the coronation of Queen Anne.

paragraph: Russell died in 1711, aged 30, from smallpox and was buried on 30 May 1711 in the 'Bedford Chapel' at St. Michael’s Church at Chenies, Buckinghamshire.

description: English duke


text: Lady Anne Egerton

text: Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgwater

text: Corunna

text: St. Michael’s Church

text: Chenies

text: Buckinghamshire

text: John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford

categories: 1708 births,Dukes of Bedford,1732 deaths,Barons Russel

paragraph: Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford (25 May 1708 – 23 October 1732) was an English nobleman and peer. He was the son of Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford.

paragraph: Russell married his sister's stepdaughter, Lady Anne Egerton, daughter of Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgwater, on 22 April 1725.

paragraph: He died in 1732, aged 24 at Corunna, Spain, without issue. He was buried on 14 December 1732 in the 'Bedford Chapel' at St. Michael’s Church, Chenies, Buckinghamshire, and his titles passed to his brother, John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford.

description: English noble, 3rd Duke of Bedford

wikidata_label: Wriothesley Russell


text:
DL
Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford
Lady Elizabeth Sackville-West
Balliol College, Oxford
Bachelor of Arts
Lincoln's Inn
barrister
Lady Adeline Marie Somers
Charles Somers, 3rd Earl Somers
member of parliament
Bedfordshire
High Sheriff of Bedfordshire
Deputy Lieutenant
Duke of Bedford
Woburn Abbey
Chenies
Buckinghamshire
London
Bedford Square
diabetes
St. Michael’s Church
Herbrand Russell

categories: 1893 deaths,UK MPs 1880–1885,Disease-related deaths in England,1852 births,UK MPs 1874–1880,Deputy Lieutenants of Bedfordshire,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Russell family,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Dukes of Bedford,Deaths from diabetes

paragraph: George Russell, 10th Duke of Bedford

paragraph: George William Francis Sackville Russell, 10th Duke of Bedford DL (16 April 1852 – 23 March 1893) was a British peer and politician. He was the son of Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford and Lady Elizabeth Sackville-West.

paragraph: Russell graduated from Balliol College, Oxford in 1874 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and was admitted to Lincoln's Inn, as a barrister.

paragraph: On 24 October 1876, he married Lady Adeline Marie Somers, daughter of Charles Somers, 3rd Earl Somers. They had no children, but it is known that he had at least one illegitimate child, an Indian daughter. She lived with the pair until her father died and was then sent to live with her uncle, Herbrand Russell, and his family. She lived on the estate until she was married.

paragraph: Russell was a Liberal member of parliament for Bedfordshire between 1875 and 1885, when the constituency was abolished. He was High Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1889 and was later a Deputy Lieutenant of the county.

paragraph: In 1891, Russell inherited the title of Duke of Bedford, together with Woburn Abbey and several other estates which went with it, including Chenies, Buckinghamshire, and an area of central London around Bedford Square.

paragraph: In 1893, at the age of forty, he died of diabetes, at number 37, Chesham Place, London, and was buried in the 'Bedford Chapel' at St. Michael’s Church at Chenies. His titles and estates were inherited by his younger brother Herbrand Russell.

description: 19th century British aristocrat

wikidata_label: George Russell, 10th Duke of Bedford

wikipedia_title: George Russell, 10th Duke of Bedford


text: Welsh

text: Llywelyn the Great

text: John of England

text: Magna Carta

text: Welsh law

text: Dafydd

text: Joan

text: Ardudwy

text: Merioneth

text: William Marshal

text: commote

text: Llŷn

text: Ceri

text: Cyfeiliog

text: Mawddwy

text: Mochnant

text: Caereinion

text: Henry III of England

text: London

text: Tower of London

text: Senana

text: Caradoc ap Thomas

text: Anglesey

text: marks

text: Strata Florida

text: Aberconwy

text: Owain

text: Llywelyn

text: Dafydd

text: Rhodri

categories: 1244 deaths,Burials at Aberconwy Abbey,Accidental deaths from falls,Welsh royalty,Accidental deaths in England,1190s births

paragraph: Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr

paragraph: Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1196 – 1 March 1244) was the Welsh first-born son of Llywelyn the Great ("Llywelyn Fawr"). His mother Tangwystl probably died in childbirth.

paragraph: Section::::Hostage.

paragraph: As a boy, Gruffydd was one of the hostages taken by King John of England as a pledge for his father's continued good faith. A clause in Magna Carta (1215) compelled his release. On his father's death in 1240, under Welsh law, he would have been entitled to consideration as his father's successor. Llywelyn however had excluded him from the succession and had declared Dafydd, his son by his wife Joan, to be heir to the kingdom. Llywelyn went to great lengths to strengthen Dafydd's position, probably aware that there would be considerable Welsh support for Gruffydd against the half-English Dafydd.

paragraph: Section::::Power.

paragraph: Gruffydd was given lands in Ardudwy and Merioneth by his father, though in 1221 he was removed for maladministration of those lands. In 1223 he commanded a force of his father's army, against William Marshal. His father then imprisoned him between 1228 and 1234. On his release he was again given lands, this time controlling much of the commotes of Llŷn, Ceri, Cyfeiliog, Mawddwy, Mochnant and Caereinion.

paragraph: Section::::Imprisonment.

paragraph: Gruffydd was held a prisoner by his brother Dafydd when the latter took over Gwynedd. Following a successful invasion of the Welsh borders by King Henry III of England in 1241, Dafydd was obliged to hand over Gruffydd into the king's custody, he was then taken to London and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Gruffydd's wife, Senana (possibly a daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey), agreed to pay Henry 600 marks for the release of her husband and their eldest son, Owain, and to hand over her two youngest sons, Dafydd and Rhodri, to the king as hostages to ensure that she kept her part of the bargain. Henry did not keep his part however, and kept Gruffydd and his son imprisoned as "guests" because this continued to give him the possibility of using Gruffydd as a weapon against his brother.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: However, Gruffydd died while attempting to escape from the Tower in 1244. He is said to have used an improvised rope made from sheets and cloths to lower himself from his window, but as he was a heavy man, the rope broke and he fell to his death.

paragraph: In 1248, the abbots of Strata Florida and Aberconwy arranged for the return of his body to Wales, where he was buried at Aberconwy with his father.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: After his death Gruffydd's four sons—Owain, Llywelyn, Dafydd and Rhodri—would come into their own, and after much fraternal discord, Llywelyn ended up ruling most of Wales. He also had three daughters, Gwladus, Catherine and Margred.

paragraph: According to several non-contemporary Welsh genealogical tracts, the mother of Llywelyn was Rhanullt, an otherwise unknown daughter of Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles. If correct, these sources could indicate that Gruffydd married a daughter of Rǫgnvaldr in about 1220. Contemporary sources, however, show that Llywelyn's mother was Senana, an undoubted wife of Gruffydd.

description: Son of Llywelyn the Great

wikidata_label: Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr

wikipedia_title: Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr


text:
American football
quarterback
Green Bay Packers
2002 NFL Draft
college football
LSU
Northwestern State
Buffalo Bills
Houston Texans
Florida Tuskers
Alexandria
Louisiana
Alexandria Senior High School
Louisiana State University
redshirted
Herb Tyler
Notre Dame
end zone
Josh Booty
Rohan Davey
starter
groin
Northwestern State University
Natchitoches
Green Bay Packers
2002 NFL Draft
Scottish Claymores
NFL Europe
Brett Favre
unrestricted free agent
Buffalo Bills
hamstring
J. P. Losman
Trent Edwards
Houston Texans
Matt Schaub
Marviel Underwood
Houston Texans
Matt Schaub
cornerback
David Pittman
Florida Tuskers
United Football League
Green Bay Packers bio
Houston Texans bio

categories: Houston Texans players,Green Bay Packers players,Living people,LSU Tigers football players,Scottish Claymores players,American football quarterbacks,1979 births,Players of American football from Louisiana,Northwestern State Demons football players,Sportspeople from Alexandria, Louisiana,Buffalo Bills players

paragraph: Craig Nall

paragraph: Craig Matthew Nall (born April 21, 1979) is a former American football quarterback. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at LSU and Northwestern State. Nall also played for the Buffalo Bills, Houston Texans, and Florida Tuskers.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Nall was born in Alexandria, Louisiana, and attended Alexandria Senior High School, where he was the quarterback for the football team, having thrown for 5,038 yards and 38 touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:LSU.

paragraph: Nall initially played college football at Louisiana State University. He was redshirted in 1997. In 1998, he was the #2 quarterback behind senior Herb Tyler. When Tyler suffered an injury late in the game at Notre Dame, Nall came off of the bench to lead LSU the length of the field in a furious comeback attempt. The comeback came up short as an LSU receiver dropped the potential game winning pass in the end zone on fourth down as time was winding down. Nall then started the next week in the last game of the season at #13 Arkansas. Nall was sacked six times and threw for 147 yards and was intercepted once.

paragraph: In 1999, Nall had to battle Josh Booty and Rohan Davey for the quarterback position. Nall was named the starter for the season opener but was benched at halftime with LSU leading. He was sacked once for 8 yards and he threw two interceptions in 15 attempts (completing 6 of 15 for 79 yards). Nall made only one other brief appearance at quarterback for LSU in 1999 as he got some late mopup duty the next week. Nall did not play quarterback for the rest of the season.

paragraph: Nall only got two passing attempts in the 2000 season opener after a groin injury hampered him at the end of fall camp.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Northwestern State.

paragraph: In 2001, Nall transferred to Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana, where he became the first quarterback in school history to surpass two thousand yards passing in a season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:First stint with Packers.

paragraph: He was drafted out of NSU by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round of the 2002 NFL Draft with the 164th choice overall. Nall also started for the Scottish Claymores of NFL Europe in 2003 and was the league's leading passer. In 2004 Nall played in 5 games as Brett Favre's backup at Green Bay. He completed 23 of 33 passes for 314 yards and 4 touchdowns, with no interceptions, and a passer rating of 139.4.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: In 2006, Craig Nall signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Buffalo Bills, where he competed for the starting quarterback position until a hamstring injury suffered on the second day of practice ended his involvement in the competition. In 2007, he fell on the team's depth chart behind J. P. Losman and Trent Edwards. At the end of pre-season, he was cut from the team's final roster. Early into the regular season he was re-signed by the Bills but was released shortly thereafter.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:First stint with Texans.

paragraph: On October 29, 2007, Nall was signed by the Houston Texans as insurance when starter Matt Schaub was hurt against San Diego. He was released by the Texans on November 21, 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Second stint with Packers.

paragraph: He signed a one-year deal with the Packers on December 1, 2007, after they released Marviel Underwood. He became a free agent in the 2008 offseason.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Second stint with Texans.

paragraph: Nall was re-signed by the Houston Texans on November 5, 2008 after an injury to Matt Schaub. He was waived on December 17 when the team signed fellow Northwestern State alumnus cornerback David Pittman.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Florida Tuskers.

paragraph: Nall was signed by the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League on August 25, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green Bay Packers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Houston Texans bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Craig Nall

wikipedia_title: Craig Nall


text:
Paphos
Cyprus
Bavaria
Welf
House of Este
Elder House of Welf
Azzo II of Este
Kunigunde of Altdorf
Welf, Duke of Carinthia
Ethelinde of Northeim
Otto II, Duke of Bavaria
Pope Gregory VII
Henry IV
Otto
Henry IV
Goslar
Duchy of Bavaria
Investiture Controversy
Pope Gregory VII
Rudolf of Rheinfelden
Italy
Judith of Flanders
Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
Tostig Godwinson
Earl of Northumbria
Welf
Matilda of Tuscany
Fulco
Crusade of 1101
William IX of Aquitaine
Hugh of Vermandois
Ida of Austria
Constantinople
Kilij Arslan I
Seljuq Sultan of Rûm
Paphos
Cyprus
Weingarten Abbey
Judith of Flanders
Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
Welf II, Duke of Bavaria
Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria
Frederick Rocho, Count of Dießen
Great Saxon Revolt
Welf I / Welf IV Herzog von Bayern
Andrew Halliday
at Google Books

categories: 1101 deaths,Christians of the Crusade of 1101,11th-century births,Dukes of Bavaria,House of Welf

paragraph: Welf I, Duke of Bavaria

paragraph: Welf I (c. 1030/1040 died 6 November 1101, Paphos, Cyprus) was Duke of Bavaria from 1070 to 1077 and from 1096 to his death. He was the first member of the Welf branch of the House of Este. In the genealogy of the Elder House of Welf he is counted as Welf IV.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Welf was the son of Azzo II of Este and his wife Kunigunde of Altdorf. When Welf's maternal uncle, Welf, Duke of Carinthia (also known as Welf III), died childless in 1055, Welf inherited his property. In 1062 Welf married Ethelinde of Northeim, daughter of Otto II, Duke of Bavaria. Although Azzo II of Este continued firm in the interests of Pope Gregory VII, Welf's marriage, and his inheritance of property in Germany, meant that he was more concerned with German affairs and he supported Emperor Henry IV.

paragraph: When his father-in-law, Duke Otto had become an enemy of Henry IV and forfeited his duchy, Welf remained loyal to Henry IV. In compliance with Henry's commands, he repudiated and divorced his duchess, Ethelinde, and soon thereafter (in 1070) he was rewarded for his fidelity by being appointed Duke of Bavaria in Otto's stead. This event took place at Goslar in 1070, when the Duchy of Bavaria submitted quietly to the newly made duke, who was the representative of one of the most ancient families in the province. His repudiation of the duchess, which could have been considered an act of injustice, does not seem to have been held against him.

paragraph: However, during the Investiture Controversy, Welf changed sides turning against the Emperor — supporting Pope Gregory VII as well as lending his support for the election of Rudolf of Rheinfelden in March 1077. Pope and Emperor were superficially reconciled in 1076, but the following year saw them again engaged in active hostilities. Henry, in consequence of these repeated acts of rebellion, declared Welf deposed in his newly acquired duchy. However, supported by his faithful Bavarians and aided by his father in Italy, Welf was able to maintain his place, and openly defy the ban of the Empire in May 1077.

paragraph: Welf joined the discontented princes who supported the standard of Rudolph, at a time when any who refused to follow the pope's direction could expect to be excommunicated by the church — a potent and effective threat in the social and political conditions of the time. However, Gregory died in 1085 and his successors took a less intensive part in the affairs of Germany. Welf, though still adhering to the party of the church, began to relax in his exertions to support Rudolf of Rheinfelden.

paragraph: After his divorce from his first wife in 1070, Welf married Judith of Flanders, daughter of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders and widow of Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria.

paragraph: In 1089, Welf's son Welf married Matilda of Tuscany, thus strengthening relationships with the pope. However, after the younger Welf divorced Matilda in 1095, Welf made amends with Henry IV and was reconfirmed in his position as Duke of Bavaria.

paragraph: After the death of his father Azzo in 1097, Welf tried to acquire his father's property south of the Alps, but did not succeed against his younger half-brother Fulco.

paragraph: In 1099, Welf joined what would become known as the Crusade of 1101, along with William IX of Aquitaine, Hugh of Vermandois and Ida of Austria. His main success was to prevent a clash between fellow Crusaders, who had been pillaging Byzantine territory on their way to Constantinople and the Byzantine emperor's Pecheneg mercenaries.

paragraph: The Crusade itself, entering Anatolia, ended disastrously; after passing Heraclea in September, Welf's Bavarians — like other crusader contingents — were ambushed and massacred by the Turkish troops of Kilij Arslan I, the Seljuq Sultan of Rûm.

paragraph: Welf himself escaped the fiasco, but died on his way back in Paphos, Cyprus, in 1101 and was buried in Weingarten Abbey. He was succeeded as Duke of Bavaria by his son Welf II.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: Welf had the following children from his marriage with Judith of Flanders, daughter of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Welf II, Duke of Bavaria, born 1072

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria (d. 13 December 1126)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunizza, died 6 March 1120, married Frederick Rocho, Count of Dießen

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Great Saxon Revolt

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 70

paragraph: BULLET::::- B. Schneidmüller, "Die Welfen. Herrschaft und Erinnerung" (Stuttgart, 2000).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Welf I / Welf IV Herzog von Bayern (in German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Andrew Halliday "Annals of the House of Hannover", v.1, London, 1826. at Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Line 166-23

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Plantagenet Ancestry by William Henry Turton, Page 40

description: Duke of Bavaria

wikidata_label: Welf I

wikipedia_title: Welf I, Duke of Bavaria


text: Hanafi

text: Maturidi

text: Sunni Islam

text: Abu Mansur al-Maturidi

text: Central Asian

text: Nasaf

text: Khair al-Din al-Zarkali

text: Qutluwbugha

text: Muslim theology

text: fiqh

text: al-Maturidi

text: Hanafi

text: Faqih

text: Sufi

text: kalam

text: aqeedah

text: Maturidiyya

text: Abu Mansur al-Maturidi

text: Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi

text: al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyyah

text: Islam

text: fanaticism

text: Tabsirat al-Adillah

text: Maturidi

text: Kitab al-Tawhid

text: kalam

text: Maturidism

text: Karshi

text: Shavkat Mirziyoyev

text: Kashkadarya region

text: Abu Hanifa

text: Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi

text: Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari

text: Nur al-Din al-Sabuni

text: List of Ash'aris and Maturidis

text: List of Muslim theologians

categories: Uzbekistani Muslims,Maturidis,1115 deaths,1114 deaths,Hanafis,12th-century Muslim scholars of Islam,1046 births,Sunni imams,11th-century Muslim scholars of Islam,11th-century jurists,Muslim theologians,Sunni Muslim scholars,Mujaddid,Sunni fiqh scholars,1027 births

image: 512px-الإمام_أبو_المعين_النسفي.png

paragraph: Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi

paragraph: Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (; ), was considered to be the most important Central Asian Hanafi theologian in the Maturidite school of Sunni Islam after Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 333 A.H), provides a fairly detailed account of al-Maturidi Central Asian predecessors.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: His name was Abu al-Ma'in Maymun b. Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Mu'tamad b. Muhammad Ibn Mak-hul b. al-Fadhl al-Nasafi al-Mak-huli.

paragraph: Section::::Birth.

paragraph: He was born in Nasaf (present Karshi) around 438 A.H. (1046 A.D.) and died in the same city in 508 A.H. (1115 A.D.). It was said that his birth was in 418 A.H. (1027 A.D.) according to Khair al-Din al-Zarkali and Umar Rizo Kahhol, while Qutluwbugha says it was in 438 A.H. (1046 A.D.), based on the age of his death being seventy years in the year of 508 A.H. (1115 A.D.).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Classical sources give no information about his life, but he lived in an age in which Muslim theology was reaching its peak, and he contributed to this development.

paragraph: He was born in an educated family. His ancestors were respected by society as great scholars of "fiqh" science. His great-grandfather Makhul Nasafi was a disciple of Imam al-Maturidi, and his grandfather Mu’tamid ibn Makhul Nasafi was famous as a theologian, Hanafi jurist (Faqih), and mystic (Sufi) who was reported to have written a number of works. His primary education received from his father and grandfather.

paragraph: Section::::Kalam.

paragraph: Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi was one of the prominent representatives of "kalam" the science of aqeedah, played an important role in the wide dissemination of the teachings of Maturidiyya, founded by Abu Mansur al-Maturidi.

paragraph: Section::::Students.

paragraph: Some of his popular students are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi (d. 538), the author of al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyyah.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Ala al-Din Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Samarqandi (d. 575 or 593), the author of Tuhfat al-Fuqaha'.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Ala al-Din Abu Bakr b. Mas'ud al-Kashani (d. 578), the author of Badai' al-Sana'i'.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sadr al-Ummah, Abu al-Ma'ali Ahmed b. Muhammad b. Muhammad b. al-Hussain al-Bazdawi (d. 524).

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: He wrote many works aimed at clarifying misconceptions about Islam, fighting religious fanaticism. Some of his popular and widely accepted works are as follows:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tabsirat al-Adillah (Instructing the Evidences); is considered as the second major work in the Maturidi curriculum, after Imam al-Matarudi's Kitab al-Tawhid.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Tamhid fi qawa'id al-tawhid (Introduction to the Principles of Monotheism); is a summary of Tabsirat al-Adilla (Instructing the Evidences).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bahr al-kalam fi 'ilm al-tawhid (Ocean of Discussions on the Science of Monotheism); is one of the main sources of "kalam" science in Maturidism.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: It has been widely accepted and agreed upon that he died in the year of 508 A.H. (1114 or 1115 A.D.).

paragraph: His mausoleum, located in the village of Kovchin in Karshi district, is one of the ancient pilgrimage places. President Shavkat Mirziyoyev during his visit to Kashkadarya region on 24–25 February 2017, gave recommendations on improvement of his mausoleum, creation of necessary conditions for visitors, organization of a library, translation of his works.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abu Hanifa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nur al-Din al-Sabuni

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ash'aris and Maturidis

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Muslim theologians

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- President Shavkat Mirziyoyev visits mausoleum of Abu Mouin Nasafi

description: Faqih and he is one of the most prominent figures of the Matrade School

wikidata_label: Abu Al - Moin Al - Nasafi

wikipedia_title: Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi


text:
Lagny-sur-Marne
Neo-impressionist
Synthetic
National School of Decorative Arts
Barbizon School
Constant Troyon
xylographers
Maximilien Luce
Émile-Gustave Cavallo-Péduzzi
lithograph
Émile Zola
Brittany
Les XX
Antwerp
Le Barc de Boutteville
Salon des Cent
Les Maîtres de l'Affiche
Symbolist
Gustave Kahn
Académie des Beaux-Arts
Fontainebleau
Guinea
Le site de Léo GAUSSON
More works by Gausson

categories: French poster artists,People from Lagny-sur-Marne,French painters,1944 deaths,1860 births,French landscape painters

paragraph: Léo Gausson

paragraph: Léo Gausson (14 February 1860, Lagny-sur-Marne - 27 October 1944, Lagny-sur-Marne) was a French landscape painter in the Neo-impressionist and Synthetic styles. He also did engraving and sculpting.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He began his art education by taking evening classes, mostly devoted to sculpture, at the "National School of Decorative Arts". When he first turned to painting, he found his inspiration in the Barbizon School, to which he was introduced by a local artist, originally from Spain, named Antonio Cortès (1827-1908), who had studied with Constant Troyon. Later, he became acquainted with the xylographers, Maximilien Luce and Émile-Gustave Cavallo-Péduzzi, after which he produced posters from lithographs and woodcuts.

paragraph: In 1885, he considered his artistic development to be complete; as reflected in a lengthy letter to Émile Zola, with whom he had long corresponded. He also made an extended stay in Brittany.

paragraph: Ever desiring something new, he slowly turned to Synthetism and, from 1889 to 1894, simplified his paintings and brightened his colors. During that period, he participated in avant-garde exhibitions; notably with "Les XX" in Brussels, the association "" in Antwerp and in Paris at Le Barc de Boutteville and the "Salon des Cent". Some of his poster designs were reproduced in the magazine, "Les Maîtres de l'Affiche".

paragraph: He also had a connection with the Symbolist movement; corresponding with several noted writers. Later, he would provide illustrations for works by and Gustave Kahn provided commentary for the catalog of Gausson's 1896 exhibition at the Galerie Laffitte. Gausson himself wrote a book of short stories, "Histoires vertigineuses" (Giddy Stories), but it was not very successful. In 1900, he was named an officer of the Académie des Beaux-Arts for his work on a monument to the builder, at Fontainebleau.

paragraph: Despite his successes, he continued to have financial difficulties. In an effort to alleviate them, he took a position with the French Colonial Administration and was posted to Guinea in 1901, where he spent eight years.

paragraph: Upon returning to France, he settled in Paris. Having no children, he often visited his nephew, who had a small shop in Lagny-sur-Marne. He was there when the German Army occupied Paris in 1940, and remained until his death.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Le site de Léo GAUSSON

paragraph: BULLET::::- More works by Gausson @ ArtNet

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Léo Gausson

wikipedia_title: Léo Gausson


text:
Italy
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gorizia

categories: 1936 births,2019 deaths,Italian Roman Catholic archbishops

paragraph: Dino De Antoni

paragraph: Dino De Antoni (12 July 1936 – 22 March 2019) was an Italian Roman catholic archbishop.

paragraph: De Antoni was born in Italy and was ordained to the priesthood in 1960. He served as archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gorizia, Italy from 1999 to 2012.

description: Italian priest

wikidata_label: Dino De Antoni

wikipedia_title: Dino De Antoni


text: conceptual art

text: minimal art

text: Paris

text: Brussels

text: Kunstakademie Düsseldorf

text: De Ateliers

text: Amsterdam

text: Musée Rodin

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: "An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture"

text: Carl Andre

text: Endless Column

text: ready-made

text: Rennes

text: Frac Bretagne

text: Harald Szeemann

text: Harald Szeemann

text: Didier Vermeiren, Je travaille sur la présence

text: Artsy, Vermeiren's page

text: Visite du Musée Rodin avec Didier Vermeiren

text: Didier Vermeiren, Wuppertal, octobre 2012

categories: Kunstakademie Düsseldorf faculty,People from Brussels,20th-century Belgian sculptors,Belgian expatriates in France,1951 births,Belgian expatriates in Germany,21st-century Belgian sculptors,Living people

paragraph: Didier Vermeiren

paragraph: Didier Vermeiren (born July 10, 1951) is a Belgian sculptor.

paragraph: His first works, in the 1970s, stood at the crossroads of conceptual art, minimal art and the tradition of modern sculpture. Afterwards, the photographical documentation of his own work became more and more significant, until it became an entire aspect of it, photographs and sculptures responding to each other and generating new works all the while.

paragraph: Didier Vermeiren lives and work in Paris and Brussels. He has been teaching since 2002 at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf in Germany and since 1991 at De Ateliers, Amsterdam (Netherlands). He is a member of the board of the Musée Rodin (Paris).

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: In the late 1970s, he turned his attention to the question, essential in the history of modern sculpture, of the plinth, or base. creating the « plinth sculptures » through which he was introduced to the international art scene, starting with a groupe show at the Museum of Modern Art in 1984, titled "An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture".

paragraph: Traditionally, the base was not considered to be part of the sculpture, but served to transport the sculpted figure from the "real" space into the artistic or monumental space. The function of the plinth as pedestal then gradually disappeared in the course of the twentieth century. Whereas certain artists, like Brancusi, turned the plinth into an integral part of their work by incorporating it into the sculpture, others no longer wanted the sculpted object to be separated from the ground by this presentational element and chose to place the sculpture directly on the floor, on the same level as the spectator. Modernism, in other words, made the plinth useless. Taking this development seriously, but wanting to think it through more rigorously, Vermeiren reevaluated the purpose of the plinth and turned it into an autonomous volume in the space: if the plinth is a base or a foundation, it can be displayed for its own sake and on its own merits, taking on the fate of a work of art. All that is left is the pure presence on the ground and its many sculptural possibilities. This gave rise to an ongoing dialogue with space. Situating works in the space and reconfiguring the space in relation to these works became the purpose of every exhibition. For Vermeiren, space is not empty, but plastic, which is why he thinks of his works as hollowing it out and sculpting it .

paragraph: Sculpture's incorporation of the space — the entire space, including the firmament — constitutes one of the characteristic features of twentieth-century sculpture. Carl Andre, in dialogue with Brancusi's "Endless Column", once stated that his sculptures, as horizontal, flat and low-lying as they are, nevertheless support "a column of air" on their entire surface area. This column can be pictured as extending "endlessly" above the works, or as bounded by the vault of heaven or that of a building.

paragraph: Beginning in the seventies, Vermeiren set out to explore this incorporation of space and the sculptural demarcation of pure presence on the ground. We might think here of his works consisting of an object made of solid and heavy material (a parallelipided of stone, plaster or iron) placed on an object of identical size but made of soft and light material (polyurethane foam), with one crushing the other in a demonstration of the weight of the work in every sculptural project. Then, in a direct confrontation with the problem of the plinth — which is also the problem of tradition — Vermeiren began to exhibit « replicas » of plinths of sculptures by Rodin, Carpeaux, Chamberlain..., usually made from the same material (plaster, bronze, etc.) as the figures their originals supported in the museum. It was no longer space in general that was incorporated into the work, but the space of tradition — in a gesture of memory.

paragraph: The plinth for Vermeiren is thus not simply a "ready-made" or a found object, but rather brings into play the very origin of the work of art. In a truly plastic process, the artist reconfigures, reworks and "sculpts" the chosen volume using traditional techniques (such as modelling, moulding or assemblage) in order to accomplish the incorporation of space and presence into the work. To this end, a "plinth" can be posed in reverse on another one identical to it, or on its negative (its own mould), or even turned inside out like a glove with the armature on the outside.

paragraph: Thus, if Vermeiren's sculptures often make references to other sculptures that belong to the history of his art, this approach only becomes meaningful to the extent that his pieces also refer back and forth to each other within his own body of work. A sculpture is always like a term in a sequence and forms a response to earlier works. In this sense, Vermeiren's work is also always a remembering of his work. Each of the artist's exhibition looks both backward and forward

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: Vermeiren's works are part of several major public collections such as the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New-York, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Chicago, the Tate Modern, London, the Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, the Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, the Bonnefanten Museum, Maastricht.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 Galerie Delta, Brussels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 Galerie Albert Baronian, Brussels; Galleria Massimo Minini, Brescia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 Galerie Maier Hahn, Düsseldorf, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 814 Spring Street, Los Angeles; 11 rue Clavel, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 Vereniging voor het Museum van Hedendaagse Kunst, Gent

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 Galleria Massimo Minini, Brescia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 Galerie Micheline Szwajcer, Antwerpen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 Galerie Eric Fabre, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 Artist Space, New York (exhibition catalogue); Galerie Micheline Szwajcer, Antwerpen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Galerie Pietro Sparta, Chagny (exhibition catalogue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 Galerie Art & Project, Amsterdam; Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels & Villa Arson, Nice (exhibition catalogue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 Galleria Massimo Minini, Brescia, Italy; Le Consortium, Dijon, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 Donald Young Gallery, Chicago; Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht, NL (exhibition catalogue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 Centre d'Art Contemporain du Domaine de Kerguéhennec, Bignan (exhibition catalogue); Galerie Micheline Szwajcer, Antwerpen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 Galerie Jean Bernier, Athens, Greece; Galerie Ghislaine Hussenot, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 Museum Haus Lange, Museum Haus Esters, Krefeld, Germany (exhibition catalogue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Kusthalle Zürich (exhibition catalogue); Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris (exhibition catalogue); XLIVe Biennale di Venezia, Belgian pavilion (exhibition catalogue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 La Criée, Centre d'art contemporain, Rennes, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 Galerie Nächst St. Stephan, Wien, Austria; Galerie Xavier Hufkens, Brussels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 Galerie Massimo Minini, Brescia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "Collection de Solides", Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, NL (exhibition catalogue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005-2006 "Solides géométriques – Photoreliefs – Vues d’atelier", Musée Bourdelle, Paris (exhibition catalogue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 Galerie Greta Meert, Brussels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 Galerie Greta Meert, Brussels "Sculptures 1974 – 1995"; Musée Dhont – Dhaenens, Deurle "Sculptures"; La Maison Rouge, Paris "Didier Vermeiren, Sculptures et Photographies"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012-2013 Skulpturen Park, Walfrieden, Wuppertal "Didier Vermeiren, Sculptures" (exhibition catalogue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 Église Saint Philibert, Dijon "Étude pour un Monument à Philippe Pot (1996-2012)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 Galerie Greta Meert, Brussels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 "Construction de distance", Rennes, Frac Bretagne, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 Galerie Laurence Bernard, Geneva, "Sculptures / Photographies"

paragraph: Section::::Group shows (selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 "An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture", Museum of Modern Art, New York, États-Unis (cat., pp. 312-313)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 "Athènes – Site de la création, création d’un site", Dracos Art Center, Athènes, Grèce (cat.). Process und Konstruktion, Munich, Germany (cat.). Museo de Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires, Argentina (cat.). 18e Biennale de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, Netherlands (cat.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 "L’époque, la mode, la morale, la passion", Musée national d’art moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (cat.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 "Zeitlos", Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin, Germany (cat), curator Harald Szeemann

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 "GAS-Grandiose Ambitieuse Silencieuce", CapcMusée d’art contemporain, Bordeaux, France (cat.), curator Harald Szeemann

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 "Passions privées", Musée d’art moderne de la ville, Paris, France (cat.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 "L’empreinte", Musée national d’art moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (cat.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "La sculpture contemporaine au jardin des Tuileries", Jardin des Tuileries, Paris, France (cat.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "La sculpture dans l’espace. Rodin, Brancusi, Giacometti…", Musée Rodin, Paris, France (cat.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Drawing on Sculpture : Graphic Interventions on the Photographic Surface", Henry Moore Institute, Leeds, United-Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 "Quaranttanni d’arte contemporanea, Massimo Minini, 1973-2013", Triennale di Milano, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "Almanach 16", Le Consortium, Dijon, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 "Rodin, L'Exposition du centenaire", Grand Palais, Paris

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "123 plans sur la sculpture de Didier Vermeiren", directed and produced by Elsa Cayo, Tri Films, Paris, 16 mm, 26 min, color, 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Obstacle au mouvement", Didier Vermeiren, sculptures et photographies, directed and produced by Elsa Cayo, Tri Films, Paris, 35 mm, 15 min, b&w, 1999

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren : Sculptures", Pietro Sparta & Pascale Petit, Chagny, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren", Société des Expositions du Palais des beaux-arts, Brussels, Villa Arson, Nice, 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren : Sculpture, tirage de série (ensemble de cinq épreuves) plâtre, 1988, socle du musée Rodin, Meudon, supportant l’Appel aux armes, plâtre, 1912", Le Consortium, Dijon, 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren, Photographies d’expositions", Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht, 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren", Centre d’art contemporain du Domaine de Kerguéhennec, Bignan, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren", Haus Lange, Haus Esters, Krefeld, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren : sculptures, photographies : XLVIe Biennale de Venise", 1995, Communauté française de Belgique, Bruxelles, 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren", Kunsthalle, Zürich, Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren : Collection de solides", Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren : Solides géométriques – Vues d’atelier", Musée Bourdelle, Paris, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren : Skulpturen", éd. Skulpturenpark Waldfrieden, Wuppertal, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Didier Vermeiren : Construction de distance", Frac Bretagne, 2017

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thierry de Duve, « Didier Vermeiren » in "+ - 0" n°15, p. 30-31, 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thierry de Duve, « Didier Vermeiren » in "Parachute" n°7, p. 30-31, 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Besson, « Didier Vermeiren » in "Alibis", Musée national d’art moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Besson, «Didier Vermeiren» in "artpress" n° 95, p. 61, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Assenmaker, « La sculpture », in Didier Vermeiren : sculptures, Pietro Sparta & Pascale Petit, Chagny, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Mouton, « La beauté austère de Didier Vermeiren » in "art press" n°120, p. 68, 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Assenmaker, « De la photographie à la sculpture chez Didier Vermeiren : éléments de lecture » in Didier Vermeiren, Société des Expositions du Palais des beaux-arts, Bruxelles ; Villa Arson, Nice, 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erica Overmeer, Moritz Küng, « Didier Vermeiren » in "Forum 04", 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Yood, « Didier Vermeiren » in "Artforum international" vol. 29 n°2, 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moritz Küng, « De Sculptura » in "Kunst & Museumjournaal" vol. 2, n°4, p. 51-52, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Pierre Criqui, « Six Remarks on the Sculpture of Didier Vermeiren » in "Didier Vermeiren", Centre d’art contemporain du Domaine de Kerguéhennec, Bignan, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julian Heynen, « Didier Vermeiren : je travaille sur la présence » in Didier Vermeiren, Haus Lange, Haus Esters, Krefeld, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julian Heynen, « Skulpturen und alle Körper » in Didier Vermeiren, Haus Lange, Haus Esters, Krefeld, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dominic Van den Boogerd, « On Rodin, Memory, and the Sculpture of Didier Vermeiren » in "Sculptures, Open Air Museum of Sculpture", Middelheim Museum, Anvers, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harald Szeemann, « Didier Vermeiren » in "GAS-Grandiose Ambitieuse Silencieuce", CapcMusée d’art contemporain, Bordeaux, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Pierre Criqui, « Didier Vermeiren » in "Artforum international" vol.31 n°6, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Gauthier, « Transferts (sur les «répliques» de socles dans la sculpture de Didier Vermeiren) » in "Les Cahiers du Musée national d'art moderne" n°47, p. 117-131, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon Duran, « La désorientation de l’espace et le projet de sculpture de Didier Vermeiren » in "Didier Vermeiren", Kusthalle, Zürich & Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris (text in german and french), 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Pierre Criqui, « Sans titre, 1994 » in "Didier Vermeiren", Kunsthalle, Zürich ; Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris (text in german and french), 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Gauthier, « Didier Vermeiren : des hommes qui marchent » in "Art présence" n°26, p. 24-31 (entretien), 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Pierre Criqui « A brief tour of Collection de Solides », in "Didier Vermeiren : collection de solides", Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven (text nl./engl.), 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dominic Van den Boogerd « Caryatid by moonlight », in "Didier Vermeiren : collection de solides", Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven (text nl./engl.), 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Ardenne, « Didier Vermeiren » in "artpress" n°318, p. 82-83, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erik Verhagen, « Endogenous / Exogenous. Didier Vermeiren's Dangling signs » in "Didier Vermeiren : Solides géométriques – Vues d’atelier", Musée Bourdelle, Paris (text in french and english), 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jon Wood, « The Studio Boxes of Didier Vermeiren » in "Didier Vermeiren, Lenticular Photographs, Los Angeles Studio, 2007", Lapis Press, Los Angeles, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erik Verhagen, « Didier Vermeiren, Much More than a Minimalist », in "artpress" n°392, june 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Robb, « Permanent shift : the topology of Didier Vermeiren's Cariatide à la Pierre » in "Photography and Fictions : locating dynamics of practice : Queensland Festival of Photography 5 Conference", Brisbane, april 2014, Queensland University of Technology, Griffi University and Queensland Centre for Photography, Brisbane, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon Duran « Sculptures » in "Didier Vermeiren", Skulpturenpark Waldfrieden, Wuppertal (text in french, english and german), 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard Marcelis, « Didier Vermeiren, Construction de distance », "art press" n°443, april 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Gauthier « Looking for the Base and the Present » in "Didier Vermeiren : Construction de distance", Frac Bretagne, Rennes (text in French and English), 2017

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tate Papers" n° 8, Didier Vermeiren, Je travaille sur la présence

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artsy, Vermeiren's page

paragraph: BULLET::::- France Culture, Visite du Musée Rodin avec Didier Vermeiren, 12 novembre 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Didier Vermeiren, Wuppertal, octobre 2012

description: artist

wikidata_label: Didier Vermeiren

wikipedia_title: Didier Vermeiren


text: javelin throw

text: Union City, Michigan

text: Albion College

text: MIAA

text: NCAA

text: AAU

text: United States Olympic Trials

text: Grand Rapids, Michigan

text: Dearborn, Michigan

categories: Sportspeople from Michigan,American male javelin throwers,Athletes (track and field) at the 1932 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics,Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,1907 births,1972 deaths,Athletes (track and field) at the 1936 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Lee Bartlett

paragraph: Lee Marion Bartlett (March 30, 1907 – October 31, 1972) was an American javelin thrower. He competed at the 1928, 1932 and 1936 Olympics and placed 16th, 5th and 12th, respectively.

paragraph: Section::::Albion College.

paragraph: Bartlett attended high school in Union City, Michigan; he did not take up the javelin until joining the track team at Albion College in 1926. Bartlett was twice Albion's team captain and four times the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association javelin champion; his 1928 MIAA Field Day record was not bettered until 1969. During his junior year – in addition to competing in the Olympic Games – Bartlett won the 1928 National Collegiate Athletic Association championship, establishing a new NCAA and American Open record in the process. The following year, Bartlett was runner-up at the United States Open (AAU) Championships.

paragraph: Section::::Post-collegiate years.

paragraph: In 1930 and 1932, Bartlett was once again the National AAU runner-up; he also placed fifth at the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. In 1933, Lee Bartlett won his first and only AAU title in the javelin throw. Three years later, Bartlett took first place at the United States Olympic Trials, qualifying him for a berth to the 1936 Olympic Games.

paragraph: Bartlett remained an active competitor in the javelin through the early 1940s; he very nearly became the first American to throw 240-feet (73.15 meters) at a 1940 exhibition in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

paragraph: After hanging up his javelin boots in 1942, Bartlett embarked upon a rewarding 30-year career as a teacher and athletic coach in Dearborn, Michigan. He died on October 31, 1972, aged 65. To this day, Lee Bartlett remains the only Albion College and MIAA athlete to compete in the Olympic Games; he was honored posthumously in 1989 with induction to the Albion College Athletic Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Track and Field Competitors at the 1928 Olympics

description: Olympic javelin thrower

wikidata_label: Lee Bartlett

wikipedia_title: Lee Bartlett


text:
American
soccer
defender
Sky Blue FC
National Women's Soccer League
FC Gold Pride
Western New York Flash
Women's Professional Soccer
Los Angeles
California
Cal State Fullerton
2008 WPS General Draft
FC Gold Pride
Los Angeles Sol
Marta
Western New York Flash
Women's Professional Soccer
Sky Blue FC
National Women's Soccer League
Cal State Fullerton
FC Gold Pride player profile
Pali Blues player profile

categories: Women's association football defenders,National Women's Soccer League players,African-American women's soccer players,Sky Blue FC (NWSL) players,USL W-League players,1984 births,Western New York Flash (WPS) players,FC Gold Pride players,American women's soccer players,Women's Professional Soccer players,Ajax America Women players,Cal State Fullerton Titans women's soccer players,Pali Blues players,Living people,Cal State Fullerton Titans women's soccer coaches

paragraph: Kandace Wilson

paragraph: Kandace LaShawn Wilson (born October 24, 1984) is an American professional soccer defender who currently plays for Sky Blue FC in the National Women's Soccer League. She previously played for the FC Gold Pride and Western New York Flash of Women's Professional Soccer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Wilson was born in Los Angeles, California.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Cal State Fullerton.

paragraph: Wilson attended Cal State Fullerton and was a three-time

paragraph: All-Big West Conference First Team selection. In 2005, she was named the Big West Co-Offensive Player of the Year following her senior season.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Club.

paragraph: Wilson was drafted with the 13th overall selection in the 2008 WPS General Draft by FC Gold Pride. She assumed a starting role with the club, but suffered a season-ending hip injury on May 24, 2009 against the Los Angeles Sol. Late in the game while guarding Marta, Wilson "was aggressively pushed off the ball and fell to the ground suffering a sublimation (partial separation) of her left hip and fracturing the left posterior aspect of the acetabulum (hip socket)."

paragraph: In 2011, she played for the Western New York Flash, the team's inaugural season in the Women's Professional Soccer league. The team won the league championship.

paragraph: In February 2013 she joined Sky Blue FC in the new National Women's Soccer League

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Wilson is an assistant coach at Cal State Fullerton.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- FC Gold Pride player profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pali Blues player profile

description: American soccer player

wikidata_label: Kandace Wilson

wikipedia_title: Kandace Wilson


text: artist

text: Op art

text: Kinetic art

text: Grünstadt

text: Germany

text: University of Mainz

text: The Responsive Eye

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: London

text: Ohio

text: Westheim

categories: German male painters,1927 births,German contemporary artists,Op art,2010 deaths,21st-century German painters,20th-century German painters,University of Mainz alumni

paragraph: Ludwig Wilding

paragraph: Ludwig Wilding (19 May 1927 – 4 January 2010) was a German artist whose work is associated with Op art and Kinetic art. Wilding was born in Grünstadt, Germany. He studied at the University of Mainz Art School.

paragraph: Wilding's works are three-dimensional structures that create shifting patterns through their black and white designs. He has shown at the Museum Leverkusen (1953), Zimmergallery, Frankfurt (1958) and Studio F, Ulm (1965). His work was included in "The Responsive Eye" (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1965), "Eyes, Lies, and Illusions" (Hayward Gallery, London, 2004) and "Optic Nerve: Perceptual Art of the 1960s" (The Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio, 2007). Ludwig Wilding lived in Westheim, Germany.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: "The Responsive Eye". William C. Seitz, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1965.

paragraph: "Ludwig Wilding. Retrospektive 1949-1987" Kaiserslautern: Pfalzgalerie des Bezirksverbands Pfalz, 1987.

paragraph: "Ludwig Wilding. Una traiettoria cinetica". Getulio Alviani, Milano: Edizioni Arte Struktura, 2004.

paragraph: "Ludwig Wilding. Visuelle Phanomen". Wienand Verlag Edizioni, 2007.

paragraph: "Ludwig Wilding. kunst= traum = illusion = tauschung". Hamburg: Galerie Renate Kammer, 2012.

paragraph: "Ludwig Wilding. Kinetische und Programmierte Kunst: 1967/2008". Milano: Galleria Dep Art Edizioni, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galerie La Ligne, Zürich - biography and information about his stereoscopic art

description: German artist

wikidata_label: Ludwig Wilding

wikipedia_title: Ludwig Wilding


text:
Pocking
Kreis Passau
London
Karl Max, Fürst von Lichnowsky
Count Lichnowsky
Court of St. James's
Arco-Zinneberg
Arco

categories: 19th-century German people,People from Pocking,Lichnowsky,20th-century German people,German art collectors,German expatriates in the United Kingdom,Writers from London,House of Arco,German women writers,1879 births,1958 deaths,People from the Kingdom of Bavaria

paragraph: Mechtilde Lichnowsky

paragraph: Princess Mechtilde Lichnowsky, originally Mechtilde Christiane Marie "Gräfin von und zu" Arco-Zinneberg, later Mechtilde Peto (8 March 1879, in Schloss Schönburg, Pocking now in the Kreis Passau - 4 June 1958, in London) was a German author, married to Karl Max, Fürst von Lichnowsky, 6th Prince and 8th Count Lichnowsky (1860–1928) who succeeded his father in 1901, and served as Imperial German Ambassador to the Court of St. James's, 1912-1914.

paragraph: She was originally from the House of "Von Arco-Zinneberg", a branch of the Tyrolese House of Arco.

paragraph: Section::::Relationship.

paragraph: Mechtilde Lichnowsky had two sisters; Helene married the sculptor Hans Albrecht von Harrach in 1899 and Anna married the colonel and resistance fighter Rudolf von Marogna-Redwitz , who was sentenced to death by the People's Court on 12 October 1944 and executed in Plötzensee.

paragraph: Section::::Name in different phases of life.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1879-1904 Mechtilde Christiane Marie Countess of and to Arco-Zinneberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904-1937 Mechtilde Christiane Marie Princess Lichnowsky

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937-1958 Mechtilde Christiane Marie Peto

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gods, kings and animals in Egypt" , Leipzig: Rowohlt 1913, 255 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Game of Death" , Leipzig 1915.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "God prays" , Leipzig 1918.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The child friend" , Berlin 1919.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birth. Love, madness, solitary confinement" , Berlin: Riess 1921, 533 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The fight with the expert" , Vienna / Leipzig: Jahoda & Siegel 1924, 308 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Half & Half" , Vienna 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The rendezvous at the zoo (Querelles d'amoureux)" , Vienna / Leipzig: Jahoda & Siegel 1928, 71 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On a leash. Roman" , Berlin: S. Fischer Verlag 1930, 320 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Childhood" , Berlin 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deläide" , Berlin 1935.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The pink house" , Hamburg 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The run of the Asdur" , Vienna 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Talks in Sybaris. Tragedy of a city in 21 dialogues" , Vienna 1946.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Words about words" , Vienna: Bergland 1949, 320 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ordered to look" , Esslingen 1953.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Today and the day before yesterday" , Vienna 1958.

paragraph: letters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mechtilde Lichnowsky and Karl Kraus: "Venerable Princess! Letters and documents. 1916-1958" , ed. by F. Pfäfflin, E. Dambacher u. a., Göttingen 2005

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annette Antoine: "Mechtilde Lichnowsky" . In: Britta Jürgs (ed.): "Like a Nile bride, who throws you into the waves. Portraits of expressionist artists and writers." AvivA publishing house, Berlin, 2002, ISBN 3-932338-04-9 , P. 230-249

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Martina Emonts: "Mechtilde Lichnowsky - Language Desire and Language Criticism" . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8260-3912-6

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holger Fliessbach:  "Lichnowsky, Mechtilde, born Countess of Arco-Zinneberg." In: "New German Biography" (NDB). Vol. 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , p. 445 ( digitized ).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michaela Karl: "Mechthild Lichnowsky: The clever princess." In: "Bavarian Amazons - 12 portraits." Pustet, Regensburg 2004, ISBN 3-7917-1868-1 , p. 50-65

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armin Strohmeyer: "Lost Generation - Thirty forgotten poets of the other Germany." Atrium, Zurich 2008, ISBN 978-3-85535-721-5

description: German art collector

wikidata_label: Mechtilde Lichnowsky

wikipedia_title: Mechtilde Lichnowsky


text: vocalist

text: songwriter

text: guitarist

text: Dog Fashion Disco

text: Polkadot Cadaver

text: Knives Out!

text: The Exotic Sounds of the Alter Boys

text: Ohio

text: The Alter Boys

text: El-Creepo!

text: Aloha

text: DFDVD

text: vocalist

text: falsetto

text: death metal

text: Erotic Massage

text: Experiments in Alchemy

text: The Embryo's in Bloom

text: Anarchists of Good Taste

text: Mutilated Genitals EP

text: Committed to a Bright Future

text: Day of the Dead EP

text: Adultery

text: Beating a Dead Horse to Death... Again

text: Sweet Nothings

text: The Exotic Sounds of the Alter Boys

text: Purgatory Dance Party

text: Sex Offender

text: Last Call in Jonestown

text: From Bethlehem to Oblivion

text: El-Creepo!

text: Aloha

text: Bellissimo!

text: EP

text: Myspace.com

text: imdb.com

categories: Singers from Maryland,American singer-songwriters,Musicians from Rockville, Maryland,1975 births,Living people

paragraph: Todd Smith (musician)

paragraph: Todd Smith is an American vocalist, songwriter, and guitarist, who most notably fronts the band Dog Fashion Disco. Smith is currently involved with the bands Polkadot Cadaver, Knives Out!, and solo project El-Creepo!.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Smith was the lead singer and songwriter for the multi-genre metal band Dog Fashion Disco from 1996 until 2007, and continued in this role when the band reformed in 2011 until the present day. Smith contributed vocal and guitar work to the 2005 album The Exotic Sounds of the Alter Boys by the Ohio-based band The Alter Boys. On February 18, 2007, Smith started a musical project called Polkadot Cadaver, announced shortly after the break-up of Dog Fashion Disco. Another project, Knives Out! was started in 2008, and each band contains Jasan Stepp (of Dog Fashion Disco). Three albums have been released with Polkadot Cadaver and two albums have been released with Knives Out!

paragraph: Section::::Background.:Solo career.

paragraph: Smith has also released 3 solo album under the moniker El-Creepo! The first album was released in 2009 and was aptly titled El-Creepo!. The project is stylistically quite different from his work in other bands, favoring acoustic guitars and light harmonies. Smith began writing and recording a new El-Creepo! album with Polkadot Cadaver drummer Scott Radway in March 2012. The second solo album, "Aloha" was released November 13, 2012. The third and most recent album titled Bellissimo! was released January 1, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Background.:Razor to Wrist Records.

paragraph: In early 2011, Smith and fellow band-mate Jasan Stepp started up the record label Razor to Wrist Records with the intention of releasing their material on their own label, with the main bands being "signed" initially Dog Fashion Disco, Polkadot Cadaver, Knives Out!, and El-Creepo!. Though Polkadot Cadaver's album "Sex Offender" was released after the label was founded, the album was still released on Rotten Records (as the first Polkadot Cadaver album was).

paragraph: The first album to be released by the label was Knives Out!'s "Black Mass Hysteria" on February 14, 2012. In the summer of 2012, the Dog Fashion Disco video "DFDVD" was re-released on Razor to Wrist, and on November 13, 2012, the second El-Creepo album "Aloha" was the second album to be released on the label. The third album released on the label was Polkadot Cadaver's third album "Last Call in Jonestown", released on May 14, 2013. All future material involving either Smith or Stepp is set to be released on Razor to Wrist.

paragraph: "Left in the Lurch" is Knives Out!'s second debut album, having been released on August 19, 2016.

paragraph: All of the label's releases up to this point have been available in physical form only through the label's website; digital copies of the material is available on Amazon, iTunes, etc.

paragraph: The label's name is derived from the song "Forever and a Day" from the Polkadot Cadaver album "Sex Offender".

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: During the extent of Todd Smith's work as a vocalist, his singing ability has encompassed a range of styles, including a high falsetto, lounge-style singing, guttural growls, and death metal vocals, often incorporating all four into single songs.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Dog Fashion Disco.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Erotic Massage"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Experiments in Alchemy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Embryo's in Bloom"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anarchists of Good Taste"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mutilated Genitals EP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Committed to a Bright Future"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Day of the Dead EP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The City Is Alive Tonight...Live in Baltimore"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adultery"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beating a Dead Horse to Death... Again"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sweet Nothings"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ad Nauseam"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Erotic Massage"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Experiments in Embryos"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:The Alter Boys.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Exotic Sounds of the Alter Boys"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Polkadot Cadaver.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Purgatory Dance Party"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sex Offender"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Last Call in Jonestown"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From Bethlehem to Oblivion"

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Get Possessed 2017

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:El-Creepo!

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El-Creepo!"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aloha"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bellissimo!"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Knives Out!

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rough Cuts (EP)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Mass Hysteria"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Left In The Lurch"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Todd Smith Myspace.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Todd Smith imdb.com

description: American singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Todd Smith

wikipedia_title: Todd Smith (musician)


text:
Nottingham
motorcycle
road racer
Grand Prix
Associated Motor Cycles
alloy wheels
disc brakes
Giacomo Agostini
Barry Sheene
Mick Grant
Percy Tait
Tony Jefferies
Paul Smart
Dave Potter
John Cooper
Thruxton 500
AJS
Manx Grand Prix
Norton
Dunstall
North West 200
Northern Ireland
Greeves Silverstone
1967
Matchless
Arter-AJS
Arter-Matchless
Elektron
Weslake
Matchless G50
Norton
Norton Commando
Thruxton 500
endurance race
1971
Ulster Grand Prix
1973 Isle of Man
John Player
Norton
monocoque
Peel
drag coefficient
Oulton Park
August Bank Holiday
Southampton
carbon-fibre
superbike
Lotus Cars
EV-0 RR
TTXGP
Isle of Man TT

categories: British motorcycle racers,350cc World Championship riders,Sportspeople from Nottingham,250cc World Championship riders,1945 births,500cc World Championship riders,English motorcycle racers,125cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Peter Williams (motorcyclist)

paragraph: Peter Williams (born 27 August 1939 in Nottingham England) is a former motorcycle road racer who enjoyed success when competing at many levels on home short-circuits, International and Grand Prix races. He raced many times on the Isle of Man TT course from 1966 to 1973. His father was Jack Williams who ran the Associated Motor Cycles (AMC) race department. Peter trained in mechanical engineering and introduced via racing an innovation which is commonplace on today's road bikes, alloy wheels, and was an early pioneer of disc brakes. He raced in the era of Giacomo Agostini, Barry Sheene, Mick Grant, Percy Tait, Tony Jefferies, Paul Smart, Dave Potter and John Cooper.

paragraph: Section::::Riding career.

paragraph: Williams started his racing on UK short-circuits in 1964 and won the 250 cc class of the 1964 Thruxton 500 race on an AJS model 14 CSR partnered by Tony Wood.

paragraph: He first entered the Isle of Man Manx Grand Prix in 1964 on a Norton In 1965 he entered the Senior race on his Dunstall Norton Dominator 500cc twin suffering con-rod breakage of the left cylinder when lying 3rd but scored a third place in Lightweight 250cc category riding an "Orpin Greeves Silverstone."

paragraph: Williams entered selected Grand Prix races from 1966. He also regularly competed in TT races from 1966, scoring one 1st place and seven 2nd places. He won the 1966 North West 200 500cc race in Northern Ireland on a Matchless, and placed 2nd in the 250cc class on a Greeves Silverstone

paragraph: His best Grand Prix season was in 1967 when he finished in fourth place in the 500cc world championship on a Matchless motorcycle.

paragraph: He had a long-standing relationship with sponsor Tom Arter, riding his Arter-AJS (350cc) and Arter-Matchless (500cc) machines which were later developed with special lightweight frames, disc brakes and six-spoke, solid-cast (non wire-spoked) Elektron wheels dubbed "cart wheels" and "artillery wheels" by the UK press.

paragraph: In 1969 Williams and Arter started a new project with a prototype Weslake twin cylinder 500cc engine to replace the 1950s Matchless G50 which was abandoned as the engine project failed

paragraph: As a Norton employee from 1969, Williams entered larger-capacity races on Norton Commando twins. He teamed with Charley Sanby to win the 1969 Thruxton 500 endurance race and was placed second in the 750 cc class Production TT race in 1970.

paragraph: Williams won his only world championship race in 1971 in the 350cc Ulster Grand Prix, and also won the 1973 Isle of Man F750 TT on a John Player Norton Special with a semi-monocoque frame, in the role of team designer/rider. The machine was designed as an integrated package with a Peel-type fairing incorporating handlebar blisters which helped to reduce the drag coefficient to 0.39. His racing career was cut short by injuries received in an accident at Oulton Park on August Bank Holiday 1974.

paragraph: Section::::Career after racing.

paragraph: In the 1970s, Williams presented the intelligent face of bikers at public appearances giving open lectures at universities. He provided insight into the engineering issues of racing the restricted budget Works Norton against multi-cylinder bikes from Japan, highlighting the pros and cons of using the 1940s designed Norton engine. The crank shaft of the 360 degree parallel twin was supported on only two main bearings and as more power was developed from the engine a noticeable flex could be measured using a dial gauge placed on the end of the shaft.

paragraph: In the later 1970s Williams operated a Kawasaki motorcycle dealership in Southampton.

paragraph: More recently he has been involved in the development of a carbon-fibre monocoque designed superbike at Lotus Cars and an electric powered racing bike, the EV-0 RR, planned for an outing at the TTXGP Zero Emissions race at the Isle of Man TT in June 2009. He has a number of patents relating to frame and engine design.

paragraph: For 2013, Williams established a new business "Peter Williams Motorcycles" to recreate a limited number of his 1973 Norton Monocoque race bikes

description: English motorcycle road racer

wikidata_label: Peter Williams

wikipedia_title: Peter Williams (motorcyclist)


text: Whig

text: Liberal

text: House of Commons

text: Peerage

text: 3rd Earl of Bessborough

text: Member of Parliament

text: Poole

text: by-election

text: Lord Ashley

text: Knaresborough

text: 1832 UK general election

text: Dorset

text: Baron de Mauley

text: Benjamin Lester

text: Lady Caroline

text: William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne

text: Emily Lamb, Countess Cowper

text: parvenu

text: 5th Earl of Shaftesbury

text: Barony of Mauley

text: Hon. Charles Frederick Ashley Cooper

text: George Kinnaird, 9th Lord Kinnaird

text: Hon. Ashley George John

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,1787 births,Whig (British political party) MPs,UK MPs 1835–1837,1855 deaths,Younger sons of earls,Fellows of the Royal Society,Barons de Mauley,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1826–1830,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,UK MPs 1830–1831,Ponsonby family,UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: William Ponsonby, 1st Baron de Mauley

paragraph: William Francis Spencer Ponsonby, 1st Baron de Mauley (31 July 1787 – 16 May 1855), was an English Whig and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1826 and 1837. He was raised to the Peerage in 1838.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Ponsonby was the youngest child of 3rd Earl of Bessborough and his wife Henrietta Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough.

paragraph: Ponsonby was elected Member of Parliament for Poole in 1826 and held the seat until 1831, when he lost it in a by-election to Lord Ashley. He was then MP for Knaresborough between June and December 1832. At the 1832 UK general election he was elected MP for Dorset and held the seat until 1837. In 1838 he was created Baron de Mauley. Whilst an MP for Poole, Ponsonby and Benjamin Lester opened Poole's first public library in 1830.

paragraph: When the marriage of his sister Lady Caroline to William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, began to break up, he strongly supported Caroline. Unfortunately he was not noted for tact or intelligence—Melbourne's sister Emily Lamb, Countess Cowper, described him as being universally regarded as "an ass and a jackanapes". Ponsonby reminded Melbourne that the Lamb family were socially "parvenu", and that his sister had married beneath her; although arguably true, these remarks were so tactless that Melbourne broke off any further dealings with him.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On 8 August 1814, Ponsonby married Lady Barbara Ashley-Cooper (the only daughter and heir of the 5th Earl of Shaftesbury and a co-heir of the medieval Barony of Mauley, 1789–1844). They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Charles Frederick Ashley Cooper (1815–1896, later the 2nd Baron de Mauley)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Frances Anne Georgiana (1817–1910), married George Kinnaird, 9th Lord Kinnaird.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Ashley George John (1831–1898)

description: British politician

wikidata_label: William Ponsonby, 1st Baron de Mauley

wikipedia_title: William Ponsonby, 1st Baron de Mauley


text: Barcelona

text: Antoni Tàpies

text: constructivist

text: colourist

text: Exposició 'Els salts artístics de Jacint Morera' Terrassa

categories: Spanish male painters,1915 births,20th-century Spanish painters

paragraph: Jacint Morera

paragraph: Morera, Jacint (16 November 1915 in Terrassa (Barcelona) – 1 July 1989 in Calonge (Girona)) was a painter, caricaturist, and muralist. He was a founding member of the First October Salon of Barcelona, 1948, at the Galeries Laietanes, along with Albert Ràfols Casamada, Antoni Tàpies, Francesc Todó, Pere Tort et al.

paragraph: In the Second October Salon in 1949 Morera was among four painters selected for comment by the critic Eugénie d'Ors: 'The "Composition" by Jacint Morera is pyramidal like those of Andrea del Sarto, who was called, because of the precision of his geometry, "Andrea senza errori".'

paragraph: Morera's work falls into distinct periods (Marc Molins, Jacint Morera Una Retrospectiva, 1984): the first constructivist period 1935-1953; the colourist period 1963-1970; and the second constructivist period 1975-1987.

paragraph: His work is typically constructed according to 'golden proportions' which endow his paintings with a weightiness and solidity, yet they have also a lightness and subtlety (José Corredor-Matheos, 'Transparencia de Jacint Morera'). Similarly, an intellectual coolness combined with power and passion. He achieves his effects usually through an economy of materials.

paragraph: The above is from Roger Noël Smith, The Paintings of Jacint Morera (1990)

paragraph: Exhibition: 'The Artistic Leaps of Jacint Morera' at the Centre Cultural de Terrassa (Barcelona) 15 November 2010 - 9 January 2010

description: Catalan Artist

wikidata_label: Jacint Morera

wikipedia_title: Jacint Morera


text:
Elector Palatine
Simmern
Heidelberg
Elector
Palatinate-Simmern
Wittelsbach
Frederick III, Elector Palatine
Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
Otto Henry, Elector Palatine
Upper Palatinate
Lutheranism
Calvinism
University of Heidelberg
John Casimir
Neustadt an der Weinstrasse
Casimirianum Neustadt
Cologne War
Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg
Elisabeth of Hesse
Anna Marie
Charles IX of Sweden
Jagdschloß
Frederick IV, Elector Palatine
Anne of Ostfriesland

categories: House of Palatinate-Simmern,1539 births,1583 deaths,House of Wittelsbach

paragraph: Louis VI, Elector Palatine

paragraph: Ludwig VI, Elector Palatine (4 July 1539 in Simmern – 22 October 1583 in Heidelberg), was an Elector from the Palatinate-Simmern branch of the house of Wittelsbach. He was the first-born son of Frederick III, Elector Palatine and Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: To learn French, the young prince Ludwig visited the Burgundian University Dole in 1554. As presumptive heir of the Electorate in the Palatinate, he was already participating in government affairs at the court of Otto Henry, Elector Palatine. Since 1563, he was governor of the Upper Palatinate.

paragraph: Unlike his father, he gave preference to Lutheranism over Calvinism, purging Calvinists from positions at the University of Heidelberg. The Calvinist theologians found protection at the court of Prince John Casimir, the brother of Ludwig, in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse and established the "Casimirianum Neustadt". During the Cologne War Louis VI was the only Lutheran imperial prince who stood on the side of Cologne's Elector and Archbishop Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg. With the Lutheran reorganization of the country Louis adopted a new court constitution, a police constitution and in 1582, a grand country constitution.

paragraph: Section::::Family and children.

paragraph: Ludwig VI was married twice. First, on 8 July 1560, he married Elisabeth of Hesse (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582). They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Anna Marie (b. Heidelberg, 24 July 1561 - d. Eskilstuna, 29 July 1589), married Charles IX of Sweden.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Elisabeth (b. Heidelberg, 15 June 1562 - d. Heidelberg, 2 November 1562).

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Dorothea Elisabeth (b. Jagdschloß Deinschwang, 12 January 1565 - d. Jagdschloß Deinschwang, 7 March 1565).

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Dorothea (b. Amberg, 4 August 1566 - d. Amberg, 10 March 1568).

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Frederick Philip (b. Amberg, 19 October 1567 - d. Amberg, 14 November 1568).

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Johann Friedrich (b. Amberg, 17 February 1569 - d. Amberg, 20 March 1569).

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Ludwig (b. Amberg, 30 December 1570 - d. Amberg, 7 May 1571).

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Katharina (b. Amberg, April 1572 - d. Amberg, 16 October 1586).

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Christine (b. Schloß Hirschwald, 6 January 1573 - d. Zweibrücken, 21 July 1619).

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Frederick IV, Elector Palatine (b. Amberg, 5 March 1574 - d. Heidelberg, 9 September 1610).

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Philip (b. Amberg, 4 May 1575 - d. Amberg, 9 August 1575).

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Elisabeth (b. Amberg, 24 November 1576 - d. Heidelberg, 10 April 1577).

paragraph: Second, he married on 12 July 1583 Countess Anne of Ostfriesland (26 June 1562 – 21 April 1621), but they had no children.

description: Elector Palatine

wikidata_label: Louis VI

wikipedia_title: Louis VI, Elector Palatine


text:
Grand Prince of Tver
Grand Prince of Vladimir
Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
Pskov
Tver Uprising of 1327
Archbishop of Novgorod
Vasily Kalika
Grand Duchy of Moscow
Vladimir
Algirdas
Grand Duke of Lithuania
Golden Horde
Prince of Novgorod
Treaty of Lyubutsk
Dmitri Donskoi

categories: Princes of Tver,Yurievichi family,People from Pskov,1333 births,Rurik dynasty,Eastern Orthodox monarchs,1399 deaths

image: 512px-Печать_Михаила_Александровича_Тверского_Б.JPG

paragraph: Mikhail II of Tver

paragraph: Mikhail Alexandrovich () (1333 – August 26, 1399) was Grand Prince of Tver and briefly held the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir. He was one of only two Tver princes after 1317 (the other was his father, Aleksandr) to hold the grand princely title, which was almost the exclusive purview of the Muscovite princes.

paragraph: Mikhail Alexandrovich was the third son of Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver. Mikhail grew up in Pskov, where his father had fled after the Tver Uprising of 1327. He was christened by the Archbishop of Novgorod, Vasily Kalika, in 1333. Five years later, he and his mother were called to Tver when Aleksandr returned to the city. In 1341, he went to Novgorod where Archbishop Vasily taught him reading and writing (which would have meant reading the Scriptures). In 1368, he became prince of Tver.

paragraph: Mikhail Alexandrovich was among the last princes to seriously threaten Grand Duchy of Moscow for possession of the office of Grand Prince of Vladimir, hoping to unseat Moscow with the aid of his brother-in-law Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. In 1371, he managed to gain the "yarlik" or patent of office as Grand Prince of Vladimir from the Khan of the Golden Horde, and was accepted as Prince of Novgorod, an important economic asset for any Russian prince. He seems to have lost power the following year when Algirdas concluded Treaty of Lyubutsk with Dmitri Donskoi of Moscow, but it is not clear who was considered grand prince between 1372 and 1375, at which time Dmitri Donskoi defeated Mikhail.

description: Grand Prince of Tver; Grand Prince of Vladimir.

wikidata_label: Mikhail II of Tver

wikipedia_title: Mikhail II of Tver


text:
Scottish
Madras
Malabar
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Malabar District
Kerala
Thalassery
British India
geography
East India Company
Malabar Gazetteer
Charles Alexander Innes
Malabar Manual at archive.org

categories: 19th-century Scottish writers,Scottish civil servants,19th-century British judges,Scottish linguists,Scottish judges,Scottish encyclopedists,Scottish travel writers,Scottish expatriates in India,1841 births,1914 deaths,Scottish non-fiction writers

image: 512px-വില്യംലോഗൻ.jpg

paragraph: William Logan (author)

paragraph: William Logan (1841–1914) was a Scottish officer of the Madras Civil Service under the British Government. Before his appointment as Collector of Malabar, he had served in the area for about twenty years in the capacity of Magistrate and Judge. He was conversant in Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu. He is remembered for his 1887 guide to the Malabar District, popularly known as the "Malabar Manual"

paragraph: Logan had a special liking for what is now the state of Kerala and its people. His work and life in Thalassery is commemorated there by Logan's Road, the main road that cuts across the town.

paragraph: Section::::"Malabar Manual".

paragraph: "Malabar" by William Logan (popularly known as the "Malabar Manual") is an 1887 publication commissioned by the Government of Madras, and originally published in two volumes. It is a guide to the Malabar District under the Presidency of Madras in British India, compiled during Logan's tenure as Collector of Malabar. It is an exhaustive volume giving the details of the geography, people, their religion and castes, language and culture. It depicts the life and style of the vernacular people of Malabar District, with notes on the life of members of the East India Company.

paragraph: The work was later followed up by the "Malabar Gazetteer" of 1908, written by Charles Alexander Innes.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malabar Manual at archive.org

description: Scottish writer

enwikiquote_title: William Logan (author)

wikidata_label: William Logan

wikipedia_title: William Logan (author)