text: Alhaji

text: Sir

text: KBE

text: Nigerian

text: politician

text: premier

text: Northern Nigeria

text: Sardauna of Sokoto

text: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

text: Northern People's Congress

text: First Nigerian Republic

text: Rabah

text: Rabah

text: Uthman dan Fodio

text: Muhammed Bello

text: Rabah

text: Gusau

text: Zamfara State

text: Sultan of Sokoto

text: Siddiq Abubakar III

text: Sokoto

text: England

text: Britain

text: Sokoto

text: Kano

text: Bornu

text: Sokoto

text: Ibadan

text: Arewa

text: Northern Nigeria

text: executive council

text: minister

text: Northern Region of Nigeria

text: Premier

text: Northern Nigeria

text: Nnamdi Azikiwe

text: Britain

text: Nigeria

text: Northern Nigeria

text: Prime Minister

text: Federation

text: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

text: Western

text: Eastern

text: Ibrahim Imam

text: Indirect rule

text: Commonwealth Development Corporation

text: Northern Nigeria

text: Nigeria

text: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

text: Ahmadu Bello University

text: naira

text: Nigerian First Republic

text: 200 Naira note

categories: 1960s murders in Nigeria,20th-century Nigerian politicians,People of colonial Nigeria,Northern People's Congress politicians,1910 births,1966 crimes in Nigeria,People murdered in Nigeria,1966 deaths,Nigerian Muslims,Politicians from Sokoto State,Dan Fodio family,Assassinated Nigerian politicians

paragraph: Ahmadu Bello

paragraph: Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello KBE (June 12, 1910 – January 15, 1966) was a Nigerian politician who was the first and only premier of the Northern Nigeria region. He also held the title of the Sardauna of Sokoto. Bello and Abubakar Tafawa Balewa were major figures in Northern Nigeria pre-independence politics and both men played major roles in negotiations about the region's place in an independent Nigeria. As leader of the Northern People's Congress, he was a dominant personality in Nigerian politics throughout the early Nigerian Federation and the First Nigerian Republic.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bello was born in Rabah c. 1909 to the family of Mallam Ibrahim Bello. His father held the title of Sarkin Rabah. He is a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio, a great grandson of Sultan Muhammed Bello and a grandson of Sultan Atiku na Raba. He attended Sokoto Provincial School and the Katsina Training College. During his school days, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah. He finished school in 1931 and subsequently became the English master teacher in Sokoto Middle School.

paragraph: Section::::Political beginnings.

paragraph: In 1934, Bello was made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Mu'azu, succeeding his brother. In 1938, he was promoted to the position of Divisional Head of Gusau (in present-day Zamfara State) and became a member of the Sultan's council. In 1938, at the age of just 28, he made attempts to become the Sultan of Sokoto but was not successful, losing to Sir Siddiq Abubakar III who reigned for 50 years until his death in 1988. The new Sultan immediately made Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna (Crown Prince) of Sokoto, an honorary title, and promoted him to the Sokoto Native Authority Council. These titles automatically made him the Chief Political Adviser to the Sultan. Later, he was put in charge of the Sokoto Province to oversee 47 districts and by 1944, he was back at the Sultan's Palace to work as the Chief Secretary of the State Native Administration.

paragraph: In the 1940s, he joined Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa which would later become the NPC in 1951. In 1948, he got a government scholarship and was off to England to study Local Government Administration which broadened his understanding and knowledge of governance.

paragraph: After returning from Britain, he was nominated to represent the province of Sokoto in the regional House of Assembly. As a member of the assembly, he was a notable voice for northern interests and embraced a style of consultation and consensus with the major representatives of the northern emirates namely Kano, Bornu and Sokoto. He was selected among with others as a member of a committee that redrafted the Richards Constitution and he also attended a general conference in Ibadan. His work at the assembly and in the constitution drafting committee brought him appreciation in the north and he was asked to take on leadership positions within Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa.

paragraph: In the first elections held in Northern Nigeria in 1952, Sir Ahmadu Bello won a seat in the Northern House of Assembly, and became a member of the regional executive council as minister of works. Bello was successfully minister of Works, of Local Government, and of Community Development in the Northern Region of Nigeria. In 1954, Bello became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria. In the 1959 independence elections, Bello led the NPC to win a plurality of the parliamentary seats. Bello's NPC forged an alliance with Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe's NCNC (National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons) to form Nigeria's first indigenous federal government which led to independence from Britain. In forming the 1960 independence federal government of the Nigeria, Bello as president of the NPC, chose to remain Premier of Northern Nigeria and devolved the position of Prime Minister of the Federation to the deputy president of the NPC, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.

paragraph: Section::::Premier.

paragraph: Bello's leadership characteristics was a blend of religious, traditional and modern values and his obligation in colonial and post-independence Nigeria was performing these different roles in the northern region. A major priority of his was making sure the region was at par politically and economically with the Western and Eastern regions. This contributed to the decision to replace both Southerners and Europeans in the Northern region's civil services with Northerners, a policy that received criticism from opposition leaders such as Ibrahim Imam.

paragraph: Bello originally embraced the Indirect rule system of colonial Nigeria before gradually embracing reforms. During his period of premiership, his biographer, John Paden described him as a progressive conservative, because he was an agent of change and also of the traditional elites.

paragraph: Section::::Premier.:Economic policies.

paragraph: Various institutions were created under Bello, including the Northern Nigeria Development Corporation (NNDC), Bank of the North and Northern Nigeria Investments Ltd (NNIL). NNDC was an holding company with capital sourced from the region's marketing board while NNIL was a partnership between the Commonwealth Development Corporation and NNDC created to assist in the industrial development in Northern Nigeria.

paragraph: Section::::Premier.:Education.

paragraph: Bello initiated plans to modernise traditional koranic education in Northern Nigeria. He set up a commission to this effect and gave official recognition to the schools. The commission recommended the introduction of secular subjects in the schools and creation of different classes for pupils.

paragraph: Part of his educational objectives was building a school in each province in Northern Nigeria.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Bello was assassinated on 15 January 1966 in a coup which toppled Nigeria's post-independence government. He was still serving as premier of Northern Nigeria at the time. That was the first coup in Nigeria history. Also assassinated in the coup was his long time friend Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa alongside many political elites in the north and in the west.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bello had three wives at the time of his death. Hafsatu, his first and senior wife, died alongside him.

paragraph: He had three surviving daughters with another wife, Amina (Goggon Kano). His eldest daughter was Inno, followed by Aisha and Lubabatu.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Bello's greatest legacy was the modernization and unification of the diverse people of Northern Nigeria.

paragraph: The Ahmadu Bello University is named after him. His portrait adorns Nigeria's 200 naira note, and he is survived by three daughters, one of whom died in 2008.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nigerian First Republic

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahmadu Bello; My Life, Cambridge University Press, 1962.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 200 Naira note

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto Values and Leadership in Nigeria webPulaaku

description: Nigerian politician

wikidata_label: Ahmadu Bello

wikipedia_title: Ahmadu Bello


text:
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Würzburg
Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo
Würzburg Residence
"Giambattista Tiepolo, 1696-1770"

categories: Venetian painters,Italian male painters,1776 deaths,18th-century Italian painters,1736 births,Rococo painters

paragraph: Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo

paragraph: Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo (8 August 1736 – August 1776) was an artist and son of the more famous Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. In 1750, he travelled to Würzburg with his father and brother, Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, where he worked alongside them on the decorative fresco cycle in the Würzburg Residence. A number of drawings have been attributed to him from these apprentice years.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Giambattista Tiepolo, 1696-1770", a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

alias:
Lorenzo Tiepolo
Tiepolo

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo

wikipedia_title: Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo


text:
Stefan
Dečani
King of Serbia
Stefan Milutin
Dečani
Stefan Uroš II Milutin
Nogai Khan
Golden Horde
Serbs
Tatars
Constantinople
Andronikos II Palaiologos
Hum
appanage
Budimlje
Stefan Konstantin
Zeta
Stefan Vladislav II
Stefan Dušan
Syrmia
Rudnik
Ragusan
Vojvoda Vojin
Branivojevići
Andronikos III Palaiologos
Michael Asen III of Bulgaria
Battle of Velbazhd
Byzantine Macedonia
Skadar
Petrič
Zvečan Fortress
Theodora of Bulgaria
Stefan Uroš IV Dušan
Maria Palaiologina
John Palaiologos
Simeon
Jelena
Mladen III Šubić
Teodora
Dejan
epic poetry
Serbian Orthodox Church
Visoki Dečani
Kosovo
royal crown
Cetinje Monastery
Montenegro
Danilo II

categories: People of the Kingdom of Serbia (medieval),Serbian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church,Blind royalty and nobility,Ktetors,Burials at St. Michael's Cathedral (Belgrade),Founders of Christian monasteries,14th-century rulers in Europe,14th-century Christian saints,Serbian exiles,Year of birth unknown,Burials at Dečani,People executed by ligature strangulation,Patricides,Nemanjić dynasty,Eastern Orthodox monarchs,1331 deaths,14th-century Serbian monarchs

paragraph: Stefan Dečanski

paragraph: Stefan Uroš III Nemanjić (, ), known as Stefan Dečanski ("Stefan of Dečani"; Стефан Дечански, ; 1285 – 11 November 1331), was the King of Serbia from 6 January 1322 to 8 September 1331. Dečanski was the son of King Stefan Milutin, and he defeated several of his family members vying for the throne. He took his epithet "Dečanski" from the great monastery he built at Dečani.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Stefan Uroš III was the son of King Stefan Uroš II Milutin and his first wife Jelena, a Serbian noblewoman. He was born before his father took the throne in 1282.

paragraph: While still a youth, he was sent by his father as a hostage with his entourage to Nogai Khan of the Golden Horde, to maintain the peace between the Serbs and Tatars. He stayed at Nogai's court until the Khan's death in 1299.

paragraph: Section::::Exile and return.

paragraph: In 1314, Stefan Dečanski quarreled with his father, who sent him to Constantinople to be blinded. Dečanski was never totally blinded and was likely not blinded at all. In Constantinople, Dečanski was at the court of Andronikos II Palaiologos, indicating good relations between the states. Dečanski wrote a letter to Danilo, Bishop of Hum, asking him to intervene with Dečanski's father. Danilo wrote to Archbishop Nicodemus of Serbia, who spoke with Milutin and persuaded him to recall his son. In 1320 Dečanski was permitted to return to Serbia and was given the appanage of Budimlje, while his half-brother Stefan Konstantin, held Zeta.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Milutin became ill and died on 29 October 1321, leaving no formal instruction regarding his inheritance. Konstantin was crowned King in Zeta, but civil war broke out immediately as both Stefan Dečanski and his cousin, Stefan Vladislav II, claimed the throne. Dečanski revealed that his eyesight was still intact, claiming a miracle, and the populous rallied behind him believing the restoration of his sight to be a sign from God. On 6 January 1322, the Archbishop of Serbia, Nicodemus, crowned Dečanski King and his son, Stefan Dušan, Young King. Dečanski later granted Zeta to Dušan as an appanage, indicating his intention for Dušan to be his heir. According to one account, Dečanski offered to split the realm with Konstantin, who refused. Dečanski then invaded Zeta, and Konstantin was defeated and killed.

paragraph: In the meantime, Vladislav II had been released from prison upon Milutin's death and recovered the throne of Syrmia, which his father had established in northern Serbia. Vladislav also claimed the throne of Serbia upon Milutin's death and mobilized local support from Rudnik, a former appanage of Vladislav's father. Also supported by Hungarians, Bulgarians, and Bosnians, Vladislav consolidated control over Syrmia and prepared for battle with Dečanski.

paragraph: In 1323, war broke out between Dečanski and Vladislav. In autumn, Vladislav still held Rudnik, but by the end of 1323, the market of Rudnik was held by officials of Dečanski, and Vladislav seems to have fled further north. Some of Vladislav's supporters from Rudnik, led by Ragusan merchant Menčet, took refuge in the nearby Ostrovica fortress, where they resisted Dečanski's troops. Dečanski sent envoys to Dubrovnik, capital of Ragusa, to protest the support of Vladislav. Dubrovnik rejected Dečanski's complaint, claiming Ostrovica was held by Serbs. Dečanski was not satisfied, and in 1324 he rounded up all the Ragusan merchants he could find, confiscated their property, and held them captive. By year's end, Rudnik was restored to Dečanski, who released the merchants and returned their property. Vladislav was defeated in battle in late 1324, and fled to Hungary. Tensions between Dubrovnik and Serbia continued: in August 1325 Vojvoda Vojin plundered Dubrovnik, resulting in a brief trade ban. On 25 March 1326 Dečanski reaffirmed privileges previously granted to Ragusa by Milutin. Tensions began again, however, when Bosnia and Dubrovnik took actions against the Branivojevići.

paragraph: Dečanski generally maintained an alliance with Andronikos II, aside from occasional disruptions. Dečanski avoided taking a position in the Byzantine civil war between Andronikos II and Andronikos III Palaiologos. Nevertheless, as Andronikos III gained control, he developed an alliance with Tsar Michael Asen III of Bulgaria. Michael Asen III divorced Dečanski's sister Anna and married the Byzantine princess Theodora Palaiologina instead. The allies intended to join forces for a major invasion of Serbia in 1330. In the most significant event of Dečanski's reign, he defeated and killed Michael Asen III in the Battle of Velbazhd (1330). Prince Stefan Dušan also contributed to the victory.

paragraph: Hearing of Michael's defeat, Andronikos III retreated. Dečanski's subsequent conquests pushed the Serbian border south into Byzantine Macedonia. Some of his courtiers, however, were discontented with his policies and conspired to dethrone him in favour of Stefan Dušan. In 1331 Dušan came from Skadar to Nerodimlje to overthrow Dečanski, who fled to Petrič. On 21 August 1331 Dušan captured Petrič after a siege and imprisoned his father in Zvečan Fortress, where he was strangled on 11 November 1331.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his first wife, Theodora of Bulgaria, Stefan Dečanski had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, who overthrew him and took royal title

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dušica (or Dušman)

paragraph: By his second wife, Maria Palaiologina, daughter of John Palaiologos, Dečanski had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simeon, later tried to usurp imperial title from his nephew, and ruled as independent ruler in Thessaly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jelena, who married Mladen III Šubić

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teodora, who married Dejan

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Stefan is seen as a noble character in epic poetry, and the Serbian Orthodox Church had him canonized; his feast day is 24 November. His remains are venerated at the church of the Visoki Dečani monastery, which he built, in Kosovo.

paragraph: Dečanski's royal crown has been preserved until the present and is now kept at the Cetinje Monastery, in Montenegro.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Danilo II, "Life of Saintly Stefan Dečanski" (after 1331)

wikidata_label: Stephen Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia

wikipedia_title: Stefan Dečanski


text:
Utrecht
Haarlem
Dutch
English
The Chaos

categories: 1946 deaths,1870 births,Dutch writers,People from Utrecht (city)

paragraph: Gerard Nolst Trenité

paragraph: Gerard Nolst Trenité (20 July 1870, Utrecht – 9 October 1946, Haarlem), was a Dutch observer of English.

paragraph: Nolst Trenité published under the pseudonym Charivarius (which he pronounced irregularly as ). He is best known in the English-speaking world for his poem "The Chaos" which demonstrates many of the idiosyncrasies of English spelling and first appeared as an appendix to his 1920 textbook "Drop Your Foreign Accent: engelsche uitspraakoefeningen". The subtitle of the book means "English pronunciation exercises" (this title has the pre-1947 Dutch spelling "engelsche" instead of the currently-accepted usage "Engelse").

alias:
Jan G. L. Nolst Trénité
Gerard Nolst Trenite
Jan G. L. Nolst Trenite

description: Dutch writer

wikidata_label: Gerard Nolst Trenité

wikipedia_title: Gerard Nolst Trenité


text: French

text: Count of Vermandois

text: Hugh, Count of Vermandois

text: Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois

text: Henry I of France

text: Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois

text: Philip I of France

text: Louis VI of France

text: Louis VII of France

text: seneschal of France

text: Queen consort

text: Eleanor of Aquitaine

text: Eleanor of Champagne

text: Stephen, Count of Blois

text: Adela of Normandy

text: Stephen of England

text: Petronilla of Aquitaine

text: Theobald II of Champagne

text: Champagne

text: Pope Innocent II

text: Pope Eugene III

text: Council of Reims

text: Eleanor

text: Stephen, Count of Blois

text: Petronilla of Aquitaine

text: Elizabeth (or Isabelle) Mabile

text: Philip I, Count of Flanders

text: Margaret of Lorraine

text: countess of Flanders

text: leprosy

text: Eleanor

text: William IV, Count of Nevers

text: Matthew of Alsace

text: Matthew III of Beaumont-sur-Oise

text: Laurette of Flanders

text: Thierry, Count of Flanders

categories: Capetian House of Vermandois,Counts of Vermandois,People temporarily excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church,1152 deaths

paragraph: Ralph I, Count of Vermandois

paragraph: Ralph I of Vermandois (French: "Raoul I "le Vaillant"") (d. 14 October 1152) was Count of Vermandois. He was a son of Hugh, Count of Vermandois and his wife, Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois. By his father, he was a grandson of Henry I of France, while his mother had been the heiress to Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois.

paragraph: His only paternal uncle was Philip I of France. Through him Ralph was a first cousin of Louis VI of France and a first cousin once removed of Louis VII of France.

paragraph: Ralph served as the seneschal of France during the reign of his cousin Louis VII. Under pressure from Queen consort Eleanor of Aquitaine, Louis allowed him to repudiate his wife Eleanor of Champagne, daughter of Stephen, Count of Blois and Adela of Normandy and sister of the reigning King Stephen of England, in favor of Eleanor of Aquitaine's sister, Petronilla of Aquitaine. This led to a war with Theobald II of Champagne, who was the brother of Ralph's first wife Eleanor. The war lasted two years (1142–44) and ended with the occupation of Champagne by the royal army.

paragraph: Ralph and Petronilla were excommunicated by Pope Innocent II for a marriage deemed illegitimate, overriding three bishops who had already annulled Ralph's prior marriage. In 1148, Pope Eugene III, legitimized the marriage at the Council of Reims.

paragraph: Section::::Family and children.

paragraph: Ralph was married three times:

paragraph: 1. in 1125 to Eleanor, daughter of Stephen, Count of Blois. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1140 and she died in 1147.

paragraph: 2. in 1140 to Petronilla of Aquitaine; they had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth (or Isabelle) Mabile, countess of Vermandois and Valois (1143–1183), married Philip I, Count of Flanders; no issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph II, count of Vermandois and Valois (1145–1167), was the first husband of Margaret of Lorraine, later countess of Flanders. He died of leprosy in 1167 without issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor, countess of Vermandois and Valois (b. 1148? – d.1213/4). She married four times as follows, but had no issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1. Godfrey of Hainaut, Count of Ostervant (d. 1163).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2. before 1167 William IV, Count of Nevers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3. ca 1170 Matthew of Alsace.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4. ca 1175 Count Matthew III of Beaumont-sur-Oise.

paragraph: 3. in 1152 with Laurette of Flanders, daughter of Thierry, Count of Flanders and Swanhilde. They had no children.

description: French count

wikidata_label: Ralph I, Count of Vermandois

wikipedia_title: Ralph I, Count of Vermandois


text:
c.
Bishop of Hexham
Northumbria
Bosa
Bishop of York
Wilfrid
Bede
Willibrord
St Andrew's monastery
cantor
psalmody
Gregory the Great
Saint Augustine
Bede
Stephen of Ripon
Life of St. Wilfrid
Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
Whithorn
Galloway
see
St. Andrews
Durham
translation of his relics
works
Raine, J.
Simeon of Durham
Ælred
Rolls Series
Eddius
Mon. Germ. Hist.
Hexham Abbey webpage
Catholic Online entry for St Acca

categories: Northumbrian saints,740s deaths,History of Northumberland,English abbots,660 births,8th-century Latin writers,8th-century bishops,Burials at Hexham Abbey,8th-century English writers,8th-century Christian saints,Bishops of Hexham

paragraph: Acca of Hexham

paragraph: Acca of Hexham (c. 660 – 740/742) was a Northumbrian saint and Bishop of Hexham from 709 until 732.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Northumbria, Acca first served in the household of Bosa, the future Bishop of York, but later attached himself to Wilfrid, possibly as early as 678, and accompanied him on his travels. Later he told his friend Bede of their stay at Utrecht with the saintly Archbishop Willibrord, Wilfrid's old pupil who was carrying on his work of converting continental heathens. On the return from their second journey to Rome in 692, Wilfrid was reinstated at Hexham and made Acca abbot of St Andrew's monastery there. During Wilfrid's later years, Acca was the older man's loyal companion, eventually succeeding him in 709 as abbot and bishop.

paragraph: Acca tackled his duties with much energy, in ruling the diocese and in conducting the services of the church. He also carried on the work of church building and decorating started by Wilfrid. Acca was both an accomplished musician and a learned theologian. Bede describes Acca as "...a most experienced cantor, most learned in sacred writings, ...and thoroughly familiar with the rules of ecclesiastical custom."

paragraph: Acca once brought to the North a famous cantor named Maban, who had learned in Kent the Roman traditions of psalmody handed down from Gregory the Great through Saint Augustine.

paragraph: Acca was also famous for his theological learning; his theological library was praised by Bede. He was known also for his encouragement of students by every means in his power. It was Acca who persuaded Stephen of Ripon (Eddius) to take on the "Life of St. Wilfrid", and he lent many materials for the "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum" to Bede, who dedicated several of his most important works, especially those dealing with Holy Scripture, to him.

paragraph: For reasons now unknown Acca either withdrew, or was driven from, his diocese in 732. Hexham tradition says he became bishop of Whithorn in Galloway, Scotland, while others claim he founded a see on the site of St. Andrews, bringing with him relics collected on his Roman tour, including those of St. Andrew. Yet a third account states that having fallen out with the Northumbrian king, Acca went to live in exile in Ireland on a remote coast before returning to Hexham. St. Andrew's Church in Aycliffe is said to have been once dedicated to Acca.

paragraph: Acca was buried at Hexham near the east wall of the abbey. Two finely carved crosses, fragments of one of which still remain, were erected at the head and foot of his grave. He was revered as a saint immediately after his death. His body was translated at least three times: in the early 11th century, by Alfred of Westow, sacrist of Durham; in 1154, at the restoration of the church, when the relics of all the Hexham saints were put together in a single shrine; and again in 1240. His feast day is 20 October. The translation of his relics is commemorated on 19 February.

paragraph: The only surviving writing of Acca's is a letter addressed to Bede and printed in his works (see also Raine below).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raine, J., "Priory of Hexham" (Surtees Society, London 1864), containing the text of Acca's letter to Bede and other relevant material on his life

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanton, Richard, "A Menology of England and Wales" (London, 1892), 507

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simeon of Durham, and Ælred's "On the Saints of Hexham", both in the Rolls Series

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eddius, "Life of Wilfrid" (ed Raine, J.,"Historians of the Church of York", London 1879–94; ed Levison, W., in "Mon. Germ. Hist.", "Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum", vol. 6 (1913); or ed B. Colgrave, Cambridge 1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bede, "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" (many editions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hunter Blair, P., "The World of Bede" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kirby, D. P. (ed), "St Wilfrid at Hexham" (1974)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hexham Abbey webpage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Online entry for St Acca

description: Bishop of Hexham; Abbot of Hexham Abbey

wikidata_label: Acca of Hexham

wikipedia_title: Acca of Hexham


text:
Amsterdam
The Hague
New Objectivity
magic realism
P. C. Hooftprijs
Constantijn Huygensprijs
Character
Mike van Diem
Leiden University
Rotterdam
Schiedam
Johanna Bordewijk-Roepman
dystopia
Aldous Huxley
Brave New World
1997 Dutch/Belgian film
Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize

categories: Constantijn Huygens Prize winners,1884 births,Articles containing video clips,Dutch male novelists,1965 deaths,Writers from Amsterdam,P. C. Hooft Award winners,20th-century Dutch novelists

paragraph: Ferdinand Bordewijk

paragraph: Ferdinand Bordewijk (Amsterdam, 10 October 1884 – The Hague 28 April 1965) was a Dutch author. His style, which is terse and symbolic, is considered to belong to New Objectivity and magic realism. He was awarded the P. C. Hooftprijs in 1953 and the Constantijn Huygensprijs in 1957. "Character" (1997), an Academy Award-winning film directed by Mike van Diem, was based on his novel "Karakter" (1938).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ferdinand Bordewijk was born in Amsterdam and moved to The Hague when he was ten years old. He studied law at Leiden University. After graduation he worked first at a Rotterdam law firm and became an independent lawyer in Schiedam in 1919, remaining an inhabitant of The Hague all of his life. He was married to the composer Johanna Bordewijk-Roepman. He wrote the libretto for her opera "Rotonde" (1941).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His first published work was a volume of poetry titled "Paddestoelen" (Mushrooms) under the pseudonym Ton Ven. It was not particularly well received.

paragraph: His breakthrough came with the short novels "Blokken" (Blocks, 1931), "Knorrende Beesten" (Growling Animals, 1933) and "Bint" (1934), and two longer works: "Rood paleis" (Red Palace, 1936) and "Karakter" ("Character", 1938, in English 1966). "Blokken" was a dystopian work which was perceived as a criticism of communism. It is comparable to Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, which appeared one year later and which Bordewijk deemed to be junk ("een enorme prul").

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1916 – "Paddestoelen" (under the pseudonym "Ton Ven")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1918 – "Een koning van de frase" (A king of the phrase) in: Groot Nederland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 – "Fantastische vertellingen, verhalen" (Fantastic tales), short stories

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 – "Fantastische vertellingen, tweede bundel" (Fantastic tales II), short stories

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 – "Fantastische vertellingen, derde bundel" (Fantastic tales III), short stories

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 – "Blokken" (Cubes), novel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 – "Knorrende beesten; de roman van een parkeerseizoen" (novel)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 – "Bint, de roman van een zender" (novel)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 – "De laatste eer, grafrede" (The last honor, eulogy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 – "'t Ongure Huissens"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 – "Rood paleis; ondergang van een eeuw" (Red palace, downfall of the century)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 – "IJzeren agaven; studie in zwart met kleuren"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 – "De wingerdrank" (short stories)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 – "Karakter; roman van zoon en vader" (novel); English translation: "Character" [transl. from Dutch by E. M. Prince; London, Peter Owen, 1966, etc. Filmed as 1997 Dutch/Belgian film, directed by Mike van Diem.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 – "De Korenharp"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 – "Drie toneelstukken" (Three plays)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 – "Apollyon"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 – "Eiken van Dodona" (Oaks of Dodona)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 – "Veuve Vesuvius"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 – "Bij gaslicht" (By gaslight)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 – "Vijf fantastische vertellingen" (Five fantastic tales)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 – "Noorderlicht"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 – "Plato's dood, symfonisch gedicht" (Plato's death, symphonic poem)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 – "Rotonde" (opera)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 – "Blokken, Knorrende beesten, Bint" (Cubes, grunting animals, Bint), compilation

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 – "Het eiberschild"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 – "Nachtelijk paardengetrappel"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 – "Zwanenpolder; twintig verhalen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 – "Vertellingen van generzijds" (Tales from the other side)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 – "De korenharp, nieuwe reeks"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 – "Studiën in volksstructuur"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 – "De doopvont"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 – "Haagse mijmeringen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 – "Mevrouw en meneer Richebois; twintig korte verhalen" (Misses and mister Richebois; twenty short stories)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 – "Arenlezing uit De korenharp" (compendium)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 – "Bloesemtak"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 – "Onderweg naar Beacons; twaalf korte verhalen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 – "Geachte confrère; splendeurs en misères van het beroep van advocaat"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 – "Halte Noordstad; vermeerderd met drie eenacters en een monoloog" (play)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 – "Tien verhalen" (Ten stories)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 – "Idem; tien parodieën" (Idem; ten parodies)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 – "De aktentas, tien korte verhalen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 – "De zigeuners; twaalf korte verhalen en een schets" (The gypsies; twelve short stories and a sketch)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 – "Centrum van stilte; vijf verhalen" (Centre of silence; five stories)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 – "Tijding van ver" (Faraway tidings)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 – "Paddestoelen (raad in) rijm" (under het pseudonym Ton Ven)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 – "Lente; zeven verhalen" (Spring, seven stories)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 – "Jade, jaspis en de jitterbug" (under het pseudonym Ton Ven)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 – "De Golbertons"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 – "Dreverhaven en Katadreuffe"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 – "Zeven fantastische vertellingen; nagelaten feuilletons" (Seven fantastic tales)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982–1991 – "Verzameld werk" (Complete works, thirteen parts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 – "Vijf kleine verhalen" (Five little stories)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize

description: Dutch writer

wikidata_label: Ferdinand Bordewijk

wikipedia_title: Ferdinand Bordewijk


text:
VC
English
Victoria Cross
killed in action
John Pascoe Grenfell
Francis Grenfell, 1st Baron Grenfell
21st (Empress of India's) Lancers
Battle of Omdurman
Cecil Grenfell
Lieutenant Colonel
British Army
Spion Kop
Julian Grenfell
Second Boer War
King's Royal Rifle Corps
Captain
9th (Queen's Royal) Lancers
British Army
First World War
Action of Elouges
Belgium
Ernest Wright Alexander
gazetted
Derby Museum and Art Gallery
polo
Riversdale Grenfell
handicap
Leopold Christian Duncan Jenner
Duke of Roxburghe
Hurlingham
Monuments to Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross
VCs of the First World War - 1914
"Grenfell Family History"

categories: People educated at Eton College,British Army personnel of the Second Boer War,British military personnel killed in World War I,British people of Cornish descent,Grenfell family,British Army personnel of World War I,King's Royal Rifle Corps officers,British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross,1915 deaths,1880 births,British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from Surrey,9th Queen's Royal Lancers officers

paragraph: Francis Octavius Grenfell

paragraph: Francis Octavius Grenfell, VC (4 September 1880 – 24 May 1915) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: He was born on 4 September 1880 to Sophia and Pascoe Du Pré Grenfell. He was one of fifteen children. He had a twin brother, Riversdale Grenfell, also in the 9th Lancers, who was killed in action in September 1914. Their maternal grandfather was Admiral John Pascoe Grenfell and other relatives included their uncle, Field Marshal Francis Grenfell, 1st Baron Grenfell. An older brother, Lieutenant Robert Septimus Grenfell, 21st (Empress of India's) Lancers, was killed in a cavalry charge during the Battle of Omdurman in 1898. Three other brothers, Cecil Grenfell, Howard Maxwell Grenfell and Arthur Morton Grenfell all reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army. A cousin, Lieutenant Claude George Grenfell (Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry) was killed at Spion Kop during the Boer War and two other cousins Julian Grenfell, the poet, and his brother, Gerald William Grenfell, were killed in the First World War.

paragraph: An Etonian who represented his school at cricket, Grenfell joined the army in 1900 and first served in the Second Boer War in the King's Royal Rifle Corps.

paragraph: Section::::Victoria Cross.

paragraph: Grenfell was 33 years old, and a Captain in the 9th (Queen's Royal) Lancers, British Army during the First World War when the following deed during the Action of Elouges took place for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: On 24 August 1914 at Audregnies, Belgium, Captain Grenfell rode with the regiment in a charge against a large body of unbroken German infantry. The casualties were very heavy and the captain was left as the senior officer. He was rallying part of the regiment behind a railway embankment when he was twice hit and severely wounded. In spite of his injuries, however, when asked for help in saving the guns, by Major Ernest Wright Alexander of the 119th Battery, Royal Field Artillery, he and some volunteers, under a hail of bullets, helped to manhandle and push the guns out of range of enemy fire. The citation was gazetted on 16 September 1914 and read:

paragraph: He was killed in action on 24 May 1915 and is buried in the Vlamertinghe Military Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of the 9th/12th Royal Lancers housed in Derby Museum and Art Gallery, Derby, England.

paragraph: Section::::Polo.

paragraph: All nine of the Grenfell brothers were accomplished polo players. Francis and his brother, Riversdale Grenfell, were regarded as the best in the family. Francis was rated at an 8-goal handicap. The twin brothers were on the Ranelagh team that won the American Open and on the team Freebooters, alongside Leopold Christian Duncan Jenner and the Duke of Roxburghe, that won the Hurlingham Champion Cup.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- VCs of the First World War - 1914 (Gerald Gliddon, 1994)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- - "(biography)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coomb, Arthur Grenfell. "Grenfell Family History". Retrieved 2014-01-01.

description: Victoria Cross holder

wikidata_label: Francis Octavius Grenfell

wikipedia_title: Francis Octavius Grenfell


text:
VC
Scottish
India
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
Culross
Stirling
British Army's
78th Highlanders
Seaforth Highlanders
Persia
India
Ireland
colour-sergeant
Siege of Lucknow
Indian Mutiny
Queen Victoria
Windsor Castle
Dunfermline
Culross Abbey
Fort George
Monuments to Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Scotland's Forgotten Valour
Location of grave and VC medal

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from Culross,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,Seaforth Highlanders soldiers,British military personnel of the Anglo-Persian War,1892 deaths,1822 births,British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross

paragraph: Stewart McPherson (VC)

paragraph: Stewart McPherson VC (1819 – 7 December 1892) was a Scottish soldier in India and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth military forces.

paragraph: Stewart McPherson was born in Culross in 1819, the son of Mungo McPherson and Mary Smith. He left Geddes Public School at 15 to become an apprentice weaver in Dunfermline, but he was soon lured by adventure and foreign travel. In December 1839 he walked to Stirling to join the British Army's 78th Highlanders, which were later to become the Seaforth Highlanders Ross-shire Buffs, Duke of Albany's.

paragraph: He married a Culross girl, Elizabeth Haig, in 1848 and the couple went on to have six children - Stewart, Sarah, Eliza, Robina, Ferguson and McGregor.

paragraph: McPherson saw action in Persia, India and Ireland before arriving in Bengal, India. He was approximately 38 years old, and now a colour-sergeant. During his time here, his actions during the Siege of Lucknow in the Indian Mutiny earned him the Victoria Cross. His citation reads:

paragraph: McPherson was presented with his award by Queen Victoria in December 1880, at Windsor Castle. Only three weeks after receiving his award, he discharged himself from the army and returned to Culross, where he was appointed superintendent of Glasgow Industrial Schools based in Bailieston.

paragraph: A decade later, the family moved again to Culross where they bought a house in Low Valleyfield. As a reminder of his time in India it was named Lucknow Villa and it was there that he died, aged 70, in 1892.

paragraph: Section::::Burial.

paragraph: McPherson was laid to rest in his town near Dunfermline. He was buried in the Fife County Cemetery, in the shadow of Culross Abbey, but his grave became overgrown. About 143 years after being awarded the Victoria Cross a local woman, Janis Ellis, showed businessman Alan Johnson the war hero's last resting place and he decided his valour should be recognized in his home village. The Fife Council awarded an £1800 grant from the common good fund to pay for a new Indian granite stone - quarried less than 60 miles from Lucknow. This plaque was also unveiled in Culross Parish Church at a ceremony which was attended by two of his descendants, Mrs. Lylian Edge and Mr Stuart Lamberton, as well as senior Army personnel.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of Queens Own Highlanders, Fort George, Inverness-shire, Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scotsman" Wed 27 September 2000

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Fife)"

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Stewart McPherson

wikipedia_title: Stewart McPherson (VC)


text:
Milan
Formula One
Switzerland
Formula 3
Formula 3000
Fondmetal
German GP
Eric van de Poele
touring cars
GT
Spyker C8
Maserati Quattroporte
Superstars
touring car
Profile on F1 Rejects

categories: Superstars Series drivers,1964 births,European Le Mans Series drivers,24 Hours of Spa drivers,ADAC GT Masters drivers,Fondmetal Formula One drivers,International Formula 3000 drivers,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,Swiss Formula One drivers,Swiss people of Italian descent,People of Lombard descent,Champ Car drivers,Italian emigrants to Switzerland,Living people,Swiss racing drivers

paragraph: Andrea Chiesa

paragraph: Andrea Chiesa (born in Milan, Italy on 6 May 1964) is a former Formula One driver from Switzerland. He participated in 10 Grands Prix, debuting on 1 March 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Chiesa began racing in 1980 with karts, and continued to cars in 1985, competing in Italian Formula 3 and Formula 3000. In 1992, he progressed to Formula One and raced with the Fondmetal team. However, he qualified for only three grands prix out of ten, and scored no championship points after retiring from each race. After the German GP, the team replaced him with Eric van de Poele. After Formula One, Chiesa returned to kart racing and touring cars for several years.

paragraph: He currently drives GT cars. In 2007, he raced for Speedy Racing in a Spyker C8 GT2 car in LeMans Series. In April 2009, racing squad Swiss Team announced they would be fielding a Maserati Quattroporte in the Italian Superstars touring car series with Chiesa as a driver.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete International Formula 3000 results.

paragraph: () (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races

paragraph: in "italics" indicate fastest lap)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on F1 Rejects

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Andrea Chiesa

wikipedia_title: Andrea Chiesa


text:
racing driver
Formula One
Atlantic Championship
Toronto
Ontario
Huntsville, Ontario
Formula One
Lotus
BRM
Atlantic Championship
Daimler Chrysler
Kenny Bräck
Profile at grandprix.com
Interview

categories: Racing drivers from Ontario,Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame inductees,1935 births,BRM Formula One drivers,Canadian Formula One drivers,Atlantic Championship drivers,Sportspeople from Toronto,Team Lotus Formula One drivers,Trans-Am Series drivers,Living people

paragraph: Bill Brack

paragraph: William Brack (born 26 December 1935) is a Canadian former racing driver. Brack raced in Formula One and the Atlantic Championship.

paragraph: Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Brack originally became involved in auto racing in the early 1960s, in the form of ice-racing Minis (using a company car) in Huntsville, Ontario. He went on to purchase Gordon Brown's own racing Mini (Gord Brown being another Mini racer as well as dealer of British cars at Glendale Suburban Motors in Brampton.)

paragraph: Brack subsequently became a Formula One driver who raced for the Lotus and BRM teams. After Formula One he was successful in Atlantic Championship in the mid-1970s, having won the Canadian Formula Atlantic Championships in three successive years (1973, 1974, 1975) before retiring from racing to open a Daimler Chrysler dealership (Downtown Chrysler) near the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto. He is not related to the Swedish race car driver Kenny Bräck.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at grandprix.com

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview at Canadianracer.com

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Bill Brack

wikipedia_title: Bill Brack


text: VC

text: British

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: Indian Mutiny

text: Abergavenny

text: Monmouthshire

text: trumpeter

text: 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays)

text: British Army

text: Charles Anderson

text: sergeant-trumpeter

text: Woolwich

text: London

text: Cardiff Castle

text: Wales

text: Location of grave and VC medal

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) soldiers,People from Abergavenny,1895 deaths,1833 births,Welsh soldiers,British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross

paragraph: Thomas Monaghan

paragraph: Thomas Monaghan VC (; 18 April 1833 – 10 November 1895) was a British recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, during the Indian Mutiny

paragraph: Monaghan was born at Abergavenny, Monmouthshire. At 25 years of age, Monghan was a trumpeter in the 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays), British Army during the Indian Mutiny

paragraph: Monaghan and the Dragoon (Charles Anderson) were both awarded the Victoria Cross for their bravery. Monaghan eventually achieved the rank of sergeant-trumpeter. His grave is at Woolwich, London and his Victoria Cross is displayed at the Queen's Dragoon Guards Regimental Museum at Cardiff Castle, Wales.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(S.E. London)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Monaghan's grave at Victoria Cross website

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Thomas Monaghan

wikipedia_title: Thomas Monaghan


text:
Chicago
socialite
racing driver
Formula One
Charles H. Wacker
Chicago Plan Commission
Wacker Drive
The Hotchkiss School
Yale University
AC Spark Plug
United States Navy
Watkins Glen Grand Prix
Allard J2
John Fitch

categories: American naval personnel of World War II,1998 deaths,United States Navy officers,Yale University alumni,20th-century American businesspeople,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,20th-century American racing drivers,Racing drivers from Illinois,Businesspeople from Chicago,1918 births,Gordini Formula One drivers,Sportspeople from Chicago,Hotchkiss School alumni,Sports deaths in New York (state),American Formula One drivers

paragraph: Fred Wacker

paragraph: Frederick G. Wacker Jr. (July 10, 1918 Chicago – June 16, 1998) was an engineer and former president of two large Chicago companies. He was also a prominent Chicago socialite, a jazz musician, and a racing driver. He participated in five Formula One World Championship races, debuting on June 21, 1953. He scored no championship points. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.

paragraph: Wacker was the grandson of Charles H. Wacker, the first chairman of the Chicago Plan Commission and the man for whom Wacker Drive in Chicago is named. He attended The Hotchkiss School and Yale University. He worked with AC Spark Plug before enlisting in the United States Navy.

paragraph: Wacker was involved in a fatal accident during the second lap of the 1952 Watkins Glen Grand Prix, which at the time was a street course. While preparing for a right hand turn, his Allard J2 came dangerously close to a Cunningham driven by John Fitch, and both drivers swerved to avoid a collision. The back end of the Allard came out slightly to the left and closer to a throng of spectators sitting on the curb along the side of the course. Ten people were injured and a 7-year-old boy was killed. The tragedy caused the end of street racing at the Glen and elsewhere in the United States.

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Fred Wacker

wikipedia_title: Fred Wacker


text: Pittsburgh

text: Pennsylvania

text: racecar driver

text: the United States

text: Formula One

text: 1960 Italian Grand Prix

text: Formula Two

text: Behra-Porsche

text: Road & Track

text: MGTC

text: Fort Lauderdale

text: Davie, Florida

text: NASCAR

text: Big Bill France

text: SCCA

text: Briggs Cunningham

text: Fort Lauderdale High School

text: The Korean War

text: Castle AFB

text: Merced, California

text: Zundapp

text: National Speed Sport News

text: Bob Wallace

text: Bob Tullius

text: The Green Helmet

text: Grand Prix

text: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: Profile at www.grandprix.com

categories: 1932 births,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,20th-century American racing drivers,American Formula One drivers,Racing drivers from Pennsylvania,Sportspeople from Philadelphia,Camoradi Formula One drivers,Living people

paragraph: Fred Gamble (racing driver)

paragraph: Fred K. Gamble (born March 17, 1932 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a former racecar driver from the United States. He participated in one Formula One Grand Prix, the 1960 Italian Grand Prix, on September 4, 1960. He finished 10th overall driving the Formula Two Behra-Porsche, scoring no Championship points.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Gamble was as car mad as any other 1940s teenager, but the South Florida winter season was a land of expensive European sports cars vs California's hot rod culture. Gamble got hooked on road racing from the first issue of "Road & Track" in 1947 and snagged a ride in the first MGTC being sold in Fort Lauderdale.

paragraph: A family friend promoted racing (late 40's) on an old abandoned Navy airfield(looked like a wagon wheel from the air) in Davie, Florida and hired Gamble and his high school buddies to set up bleachers, sell tickets, refreshments, programs, etc. for stock cars (before NASCAR) on the 2-mile circle taxiway. AAA midgets raced on an 1/8th mile oval on a parking ramp and sports cars on a simulated road circuit using the runways and taxiways. Big Bill France and his gang of good old boys in their hot rodded 39/40 Fords raced round the circle at speeds faster than INDY of that era! The big name INDY drivers raced their midgets in the winter season in Florida and California. The sports car crowd was led by SCCA founders Briggs Cunningham, the Collier brothers and northeastern friends.

paragraph: Gamble graduated from Fort Lauderdale High School in 1950 with his highlight being Captain of his State Championship Swim Team. He indulged in street racing his less than stock 1932 Ford and 39 Dodge.

paragraph: The Korean War intervened and Gamble joined the Air Force to earn 4 years of college on the GI Bill. He served two voluntary combat tours but out of harms way as a senior ground radio operator. His last year in the AF was spent at Castle AFB, Merced, California (1954) and his hot wheels was a 500cc AJS Scrambler and spectated at the Golden Gate Park and Pebble Beach road races.

paragraph: Four years of college further delayed his racing ambitions but his final 3 years as president of the U. of Florida Sports Car Club, got him established with the SCCA, organizing events and hoping for a ride.

paragraph: During his Senior year (57/58), Gamble's wheels were a 1952 Jeep Station Wagon and Zundapp Scrambler. On his trips home to Fort Lauderdale, he had many laps at Sebring in the middle of the nights, dreaming of really racing there some day.

paragraph: Section::::Racing.

paragraph: During his last semester in college, he spotted a disassembled Crosley Hot Shot, and conned the owner into a straight trade for his Zundapp. Gamble discarded the body and in the local VW dealership (was a part-time salesman) fabricated a feather-weight aluminum body, stock 750cc motor and called his HM special a Gambini MK1 and on his soon to earn international license, himself – Fredrico Gambini!

paragraph: In his first national race,( May 1958, Gainesville, Georgia) he had a long race duel with a LeMans DB and finished second in H Modified. Gamble was hired by Jarrard Motors of Pensacola, a foreign car importer for Renault, Triumph, AC Cars, & Borgward servicing 200 dealers in eleven south east states. He was the assistant advertising manager and Triumph race team driver with Bill Kimberly. Jarrard raced a team of 3 TR3's and Gamble was assigned to Sedan class battles with the new TR10 (1,000cc Standard 10) to dice with VW's, Renault, Dauphines, and Morris Minors.

paragraph: When Jarrard decided not to run the Factory Triumph team at Sebring in 1959, and stop his SCCA racing, Gamble resigned and returned to South Florida, to race an MGA for a U. of Miami student.

paragraph: From the mid-1950s, Gamble had been a motoring journalist and contributor to Chris Economaki's "National Speed Sport News", The SCCA magazine "Sports Car", Denise McCluggage's "Competition Press" and "Road & Track".

paragraph: At a mid-summer SCCA race in Miami, while racing the MGA, Gamble met Lloyd “Lucky” Casner, ex airline pilot, car dealer and successful racing driver in a string of cars – MG's, Alfas, AC Bristols, Maseratis and Ferraris. Lucky announced at the victory presentation that he wanted to go race in Europe (didn’t we all?). He invited the amateur racers to contribute to a fund to finance his idea. He got a good laugh from the crowd.

paragraph: Gamble knew Casner was a hustler/promoter, introduced himself with the suggestion he go along as a helper, publicist & pay his own way as a motoring journalist. Casner suggested a partnership to make his idea happen.

paragraph: Gamble put on his thinking cap, college degree in advertising/PR/Journalism/Marketing, and inspired by Ecurie Ecosse, the Scottish National Racing Team that spawned Jim Clark and later Jackie Stewart, created the concept of America's “Olympic Team” of motor racing to challenge the Europeans for World Championships.

paragraph: Casner's amateur racing team of friends called themselves Camoradi Racing Team (Casner Motor Racing Division) as a tax write-off probably. So the proposed professional team was incorporated as Camoradi USA, America's first industry sponsored racing team with the best drivers from all race series in the best cars that could be acquired.

paragraph: “Lucky” was an understatement. Goodyear was just getting into sportscar racing (Jan 59) and signed up with substantial financial support and all tires needed. Chevrolet's President, Ed Cole and Zora Duntov, signed up with covert financial support (Engineering Dept.), two Corvettes with all competition options, funneled thru Don Allen Chevrolet, Miami. “Covert” because of an industry management ban on racing support. These first two backers opened the corporate doors to Shell/BP, Exide, Champion, DA Lubricants, Koni, Dow and Guest Airways (Mexico to Paris via Miami).

paragraph: Casner took off to Europe in September (59) and approached bankrupt Maserati who had their new Birdcage T61, a world beater but no finances to race a factory team. Camoradi was their answer for 1960. Casner also formed an alliance with Porsche's Huschke Von Hanstein and bought two cars from the late Jean Behra's estate – a lightweight Carrera and the special Behra-Porsche F2, which served as a test bed and prototype for Porsche's 1960 F2 cars and 1962 F1 1,500cc Formula.

paragraph: Due to his long association with Maserati, Stirling Moss muscled his way into Camoradi, thus polluting the all-American idea. Camoradi's driver roster: Jim Rathman, Roger Ward, Carroll Shelby, Masten Gregory, Dan Gurney, Juan Fangio(Parade lap at Cordova, Argentina 1960), Chuck Daigh, Jo Bonnier, Jack Mcafee, Jim Jeffords, Bill Weustoff, Fred Windridge, Joe Sheppard, Dick Dungan, Pinkie Windridge, Denise McCluggage, Umborto Maglioli, Nino Vaccarella, Nino Todaro, Gino Munaron, Georgio Scarlatti, Lucky Casner, Lee Lilley, Fred Gamble, Dave Lane, and Johnny Cuevas.

paragraph: Camoradi “works” Maseratis, led every World Sports Car Championship race of 1960, and won only 1,000 km Nurburgring with Gurney/Moss. Led Nassau 1959 (Shelby DNF Mechanical), Porsche RSK 2 Liter winner (Bonnier), GT winner Porsche Carerra(Cuevas); 1960 1,000 km Buenos Aires (Gurney/Gregory DNF Mechanical and accident); Argentine GP (Gregory Behra-Porsche); Havana GP for Sports Cars – 8 car entre, winning overall Moss Maserati, 2 Liter Gregory Porsche RSK, GT Corvette Jeffords, under 2 liter GT Cuevas Porsche Carerra; Sebring 12 hour, largest team entry ever of 8 cars, 3 Mazeratis (Gurney/Moss led 8 hours DNF Mechanical), 2 Porsche Carerras (under 2 liter GT winner and 2nd OA GT Sheppard/Dungan), 2 Corvettes Jeffords/Weustoff/Gamble (Gamble drove 12 hours solo – only one of two known to have done this – earned press notice as “iron man Gamble”). OSCA 750 (McCluggage/Windridge DNF).

paragraph: At the Nurburgring, Gamble qualified the “Yank Tank” Corvette 3rd among the big GT's, several 250 GT Ferraris but didn’t get to drive in the race as co-driver Lee Lilley started the race and DNF with wheel bearing failure. Gurney/Moss won overall in the team's T61 Maserati, Gregory/Munaron 4th.

paragraph: Off to LeMans24hours, Gregory/Daigh led with the famed Streamliner Birdcage Maserati, set a 3-liter lap record and top speed record of 170Mph, DNF engine failure, other two long tail Maseratis DNF with electrical faults. Gamble/Lilley drove their Corvette conservatively to finish 10th OA.

paragraph: All Camoradi Maseratis were prepared and maintained by the factory and in Europe race managed by Maserati. Camoradi's role was primarily financial. Gamble was the only full-time principal in Europe, living in Modena, Casner frequently back in Miami.

paragraph: Sad ending to Gamble's LeMans story was to find out years later they had been excluded due to insufficient miles covered under the index of performance rules. Even though at the race awards event, they were announced as 10th OA and awarded their participants medals. In 9th OA, just ahead of Gamble/Lilley was the 1959 OA winner Aston-Martin DBR1 and in 8th the Cunningham Corvette of Fitch/Grossman.

paragraph: Gamble was approved to drive the Behra-Porsche in the 1960 German GP where the car was used by the factory in practice. Porsche manager Von Hanstein changed his mind at the last minute and denied Gamble the car as it had a “works” engine installed.

paragraph: For the GP of Europe at Monza, September 4, 1960, Ferrari pushed the organizers to use the rough high banks to scare off the British rear engine cars. Chapman of Lotus led the boycott, rightly so as his fragile cars would likely have broken up. This boycott opened the entry for Formula Two cars so Gamble entered the Camoradi Behra-Porsche for himself as driver and for starting money! Designer Collotti and builder Neri were in Gamble's pit and were sure the car could run the 500 km race non-stop for fuel. So Gamble paced himself 500 rpm below redline, running 8th OA and 1st Privateer F2, when he was stranded out of fuel, ran to the pits for a can of gas and dashed across the line for 10th. Winner was Phil Hill in his works F1 Ferrari.

paragraph: Gamble and team mechanic New Zealander Bob Wallace (who stayed in Modena and became Lamborghini's Chief Test Engineer) took the Corvette and a Maserati to the Swedish GP for sports cars. Jo Bonnier drove the Birdcage to 2nd OA behind Moss in the first Lotus 19. Casner won the GT category. Bonnier then took both cars to a super highway and set a Swedish “Land Speed” record in the Maser and GT record in the Corvette.

paragraph: Gamble had a starting money paid entry in the Goodwood Tourist Trophy race. Moss was the favorite in Rob Walker's 250GT Ferrari. Gamble was confident his long wearing Goodyear tires would be an advantage on this notorious tire grinder circuit (as it was for Dunlop and Avon). Sadly, in southern Sweden after a lunch stop with beer, Wallace apparently dozed off, flipped and destroyed the Corvette.

paragraph: Gamble left Camoradi in October, dismayed by big spending Lucky Casner's, abusing the team's sponsors trust.

paragraph: At December's 1960 Nassau, Gamble was there as a journalist, looking for a ride as well and was approached by racing patron Frank Harrison of Chattanooga, Tennessee. Harrison had bought the ex-Camoradi LeMans Streamliner and had just won the U.S.A. pro sports car Championship with Carroll Shelby and Jim Jeffords. Harrison proposal for Gamble to drive his Streamliner Birdcage and 450S Maseratis in National SCCA events, not abuse his cars and learn the circuits for the 61 season; for 62, buy the latest Cooper or Lotus and go for a National Championship. If that was achieved, he would go into a Formula One challenge for 1963. A dream opportunity.

paragraph: Gamble was at Sebring 1961 as a reserve driver for Denise McCluggage and her inexperienced co-driver Alan Eager who might not have been approved for the race. Denise had her 250GT Ferrari, Alan was accepted and they won the GT category.

paragraph: Gamble started the 61 season at the first National race at Marlboro, Maryland, finishing second to Bob Holbert (lap record holder). He drove through the first half of the season, leading in points after several races but the team was coming unraveled in discord due to a difficult shop manager. This could not be resolved so Gamble left the Harrison operation and racing. He moved to New York and landed a Job as Assistant Advertising Manager, Standard-Triumph North America for the introduction of the TR4. Gamble and his Triumph boss Mike Cook pioneered the Triumph competition program, which was soon adopted by other manufacturers (another story). Also Gamble and Cook “GodFathered” Bob Tullius which evolved into his extremely successful Group 44.

paragraph: At the end of the 1961 year, the SCCA announced its season Champions and Gamble was 3rd in points to Roger Penske and Walt Hansgen.

paragraph: Summer of 1962, Carroll Shelby presented his first Cobra to Ford, won their support and went the New York to show off his new car to the International Motor Press Association. Gamble was a member. He and Shelby sat together at the luncheon and Carroll said he had to set up a company to produce his Cobras. He hired Gamble as his first Sales Manager. Off to Venice, California. Two months later at the Riverside Sports Car GP and the first race for the Cobra, Shelby and Gamble got together with Goodyear's General Manager of Racing, Tony Webner. Over drinks and dinner Webner expounded his plans to expand Goodyear in racing and he needed another assistant. Shelby was the western states Goodyear racing tire distributor and commented that he needed Goodyear as well Ford's support to go to Europe and “kick Enzo Ferarri’s ass” for the World GT Championship. The result was Goodyear bought Gamble. He, Webner and Shelby schemed through the 63 season to convince Goodyear management to approve an International Racing Tire Division. Gamble was appointed its founding Director.

paragraph: February 1964, Gamble and his Chief Engineer Walt DeVinney established their headquarters at the Goodyear plant in Wolverhampton, England. In just 5 years, Gamble and his team had racked up seven World Championships and 3 LeMans victories (Ferrari 65, Ford 66-67), Goodyear's first Formula One win (Ginther/Honda-Mexico 65) and Gurney's historic All-American 1967 Belgian GP win.

paragraph: Gamble turned over Goodyear Racing in 1968 to Leo Mehl and transferred to General Management. Gamble's collection photos, video and memorabilia are at the Watkins Glen research center, Watkins Glen, New York in 3 sections: Goodyear the early years, Camoradi USA and Gamble personal.

paragraph: Section::::Movie involvements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Green Helmet (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Prix (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at www.grandprix.com

description: American racing driver

wikidata_label: Fred Gamble

wikipedia_title: Fred Gamble (racing driver)


text:
racing driver
Formula One
Pacific
Minardi
Jonathan Palmer
March
Interserie
Daytona 24 Hours
FIA Sportscar Championship
CART
Euromotorsport
Leader Cards Racing
Le Mans Prototype
Lavaggi LS1
Le Mans Series
David Letterman
Italo Balbo
Catania
Profile on F1 Rejects
Driver Website
Race Team Website
Racing Reference profile
Driver database profile

categories: Minardi Formula One drivers,Italian racing drivers,European Le Mans Series drivers,Italian Formula One drivers,Pacific Formula One drivers,Living people,International Formula 3000 drivers,1958 births,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,People from Augusta, Sicily,Speedcar Series drivers,Champ Car drivers,24 Hours of Daytona drivers

paragraph: Giovanni Lavaggi

paragraph: Giovanni Lavaggi (born 18 February 1958) is an Italian racing driver.

paragraph: A nobleman by background, Lavaggi raised the money to buy ten Formula One Grand Prix drives, for Pacific and Minardi, debuting on July 30, 1995. In 1995 he was the only driver not to finish any of the F1 races that they started. He scored no championship points and was never close to the car's performance limits, being described as "desperately slow" by Jonathan Palmer, although he did well in his forays in sportscar racing.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Lavaggi's Formula One career started in 1992, when he tested for the March team. In sports cars, he was the 1993 Interserie champion and won the 1995 Daytona 24 Hours, as well as scoring two wins in the FIA Sportscar Championship. Prior to Formula One, Lavaggi made two starts and failed to qualify for two additional races in CART for Euromotorsport and Leader Cards Racing. Lavaggi races under the banner of his own Lavaggi Sport (formerly known as GLV Brums) sportscar racing team, which in 2007 started building and racing its own Le Mans Prototype, the Lavaggi LS1, in the Le Mans Series.

paragraph: He was nicknamed "Johnny Carwash" (an approximate translation of his name from Italian to English, John Washing) by people in the paddock; US talk show host David Letterman helped bring the nickname to popular attention.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His uncle, also called Giovanni Lavaggi, was a war pilot who was killed in 1941 on the same airplane as Italo Balbo. In the city of Catania, Via Giovanni Lavaggi (Giovanni Lavaggi Road) is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on F1 Rejects

paragraph: BULLET::::- Driver Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Race Team Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Racing Reference profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Driver database profile

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Giovanni Lavaggi

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Lavaggi


text:
Milan
Formula One
Ferrari
ATS
BRM
Brabham
Lotus
Nino Farina
1950 British Grand Prix
Johnnie Parsons
1950 Indianapolis 500
Formula Junior
Ferrari
156 Dino
Formula Two
Albino Buttichi
Lucien de Sanctis
Syracuse Grand Prix
Ferrari
Porsche 718
flat 4
Napoli Grand Prix
Ferrari 156
1961 French Grand Prix
Reims-Gueux
Wolfgang von Trips
Richie Ginther
Phil Hill
Dan Gurney
hat trick
1961 British Grand Prix
1961 Italian Grand Prix
Prima Coppa Italia
Vallelunga
Dutch Grand Prix
Italian Grand Prix
Mediterranean Grand Prix
ATS
Phil Hill
Carlo Chiti
Scuderia Centro Sud
BRM
Austrian Grand Prix
Italian Grand Prix
Brabham
Reg Parnell
Lotus
49
European Touring Car Championship
Alfa Romeo
FIAT
Abarth
Abarth 1000
Formula Three
Monza
Lola
Formula Two
Obituary at "Motor Sport"

categories: 1995 deaths,Italian racing drivers,Scuderia Centro Sud Formula One drivers,Ferrari Formula One drivers,Italian Formula One drivers,Reg Parnell Racing Formula One drivers,1934 births,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,Team Lotus Formula One drivers,Automobili Turismo e Sport Formula One drivers,Deaths from cancer in Italy

paragraph: Giancarlo Baghetti

paragraph: Giancarlo Baghetti (25 December 1934 in Milan, Italy – 27 November 1995 also in Milan) was a Formula One driver who raced for the Ferrari, ATS (the Italian team), BRM, Brabham and Lotus teams.

paragraph: Baghetti is one of only three drivers to have won his first World Championship race, the other two being Nino Farina, who won the first World Championship race (the 1950 British Grand Prix) and Johnnie Parsons, who won the 1950 Indianapolis 500 (the Indianapolis 500 was part of the World Championship from 1950 to 1960).

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.

paragraph: Baghetti was born in Milan. His father was a wealthy Milan industrialist.He began racing in 1955 in production cars, moving up to Formula Junior in 1958. In 1961 he was selected by the "Federazione Italiana Scuderie Automobilistiche" (FISA), a coalition of independent Italian team owners who had agreed a loan deal with Ferrari for a 156 Dino Formula Two car to run in non-Championship Grand Prix, giving experience to promising Italian drivers. Despite not showing spectacular form in lower categories, Baghetti was chosen over Albino Buttichi and Lucien de Sanctis for the seat. The car was first entered for the Syracuse Grand Prix, the first major event run under the new 1.5-litre championship regulations, and against a strong field Baghetti qualified second and won in the only Ferrari, with the British teams and Porsche 718 flat 4 unable to compete with the Dino's V6. He then drove the same car to win at the Napoli Grand Prix a few weeks later.

paragraph: Team FISA entered an original 60-degree V6 Ferrari 156, at least 10 hp down on power, for Baghetti in the 1961 French Grand Prix at Reims-Gueux, for this World Championship event. Once Wolfgang von Trips, Richie Ginther and Phil Hill had all retired their works 156s, Baghetti was left to uphold Ferrari honour. He overcame Dan Gurney's Porsche 718 to take victory, giving him a hat trick of wins from his first three Grand Prix. Gurney was leading with to go as the cars raced to the finish line at . The victory meant Baghetti became the first Italian since 1956 to win a Formula One World Championship event. It also ensured that he became the first, and only driver ever to win on their World Championship Grand Prix debut against a field that did not consist entirely of other debutant drivers.

paragraph: He entered two more Championship races, retiring from the 1961 British Grand Prix and 1961 Italian Grand Prix, though he posted fastest lap in the latter. He also won the poorly attended Prima Coppa Italia race at Vallelunga in a Porsche 718.

paragraph: He was promoted to the works Ferrari line-up for 1962, but took just two Championship placings – fourth at the Dutch Grand Prix, and fifth at the Italian Grand Prix, as Ferrari was outclassed by the British teams. Baghetti took second in the non-Championship Mediterranean Grand Prix. He was offered a full Ferrari F1 drive for 1963, but had already signed with a rival team. Enzo Ferrari rated Baghetti highly, calling him, 'a lesser Varzi'. Baghetti was involved in 1963 in the disastrous ATS effort in 1963, joining up with Phil Hill for Carlo Chiti's breakaway team, but failed to register a finish from five starts. For 1964 he switched to Scuderia Centro Sud's outdated BRM P57 cars, peaking with seventh at the Austrian Grand Prix. His Grand Prix career was then virtually over, though he had three more one-off drives, all at the Italian Grand Prix – a works Brabham in 1965, a Reg Parnell-semiworks Dino Ferrari 2.4 V6 in which he ran strongly ahead of Arundell's Lotus V8 Climax and Anderson's 2.7 litre Brabham, running 5th in 1966 and a similarly competent drive in a works Lotus 49 in 1967, running in midfield and passing Amon and Ickx and would have scored a point but for a blown engine.

paragraph: Section::::Post Formula One racing.

paragraph: He achieved some success in the European Touring Car Championship with Alfa Romeo and FIAT Abarth, winning the 1966 1000cc Class Championship in an Abarth 1000. After dabbling in Formula Three, he retired after a huge accident at the 1967 "Monza Lottery". Boley Pittard of England was burned severely when his Lola burst into flames at the start of the final qualifying heat. Baghetti won the event in a Branca with an average speed over thirty-five laps of In June 1968 Baghetti was in a huge pile-up on the 23rd lap of a Formula Two race at Monza. He was driving a Dino.

paragraph: He later became a journalist and photographer in motorsport and fashion.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Baghetti died of cancer in 1995.

paragraph: Baghetti's Championship debut win has secured him a footnote in Formula One history, as he became the only driver to have won his first three Formula One races, starting with two non-championship Grand Prix races in Italy.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary at "Motor Sport" magazine archive/a

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Giancarlo Baghetti

wikipedia_title: Giancarlo Baghetti


text:
Växjö
Sweden
Swedish
footballer
defender
Växjö
Gefle IF
AIK
2007 season
Patrik Bojent
Patrik Bojent

categories: 1980 births,Association football defenders,Östers IF players,Gefle IF players,AIK Fotboll players,Swedish footballers,Allsvenskan players,Living people

paragraph: Patrik Bojent

paragraph: Patrik Bojent (; born Patrik Karlsson, December 26, 1980 in Växjö, Sweden), is a Swedish footballer who plays as a defender.

paragraph: He has spent a majority of his senior career at Östers IF from Växjö, during six seasons was he a member of their senior squad before he in 2005 moved to Gefle IF for two seasons before he was signed by AIK for the 2007 season. Bojent moved back to Växjö and Östers IF in late July 2009.

paragraph: Bojent changed his last name from Karlsson to Bojent in 2008 when he got married.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrik Bojent at aikfotboll.se

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrik Bojent at Eliteprospects

description: Swedish footballer

wikidata_label: Patrik Bojent

wikipedia_title: Patrik Bojent


text:
DD
United Presbyterian
Blair Drummond
Perthshire
Menteith
Kilmadock
University of Glasgow
United Secession Church
Dumbarton
Andrew Somerville
Greenock
Grange cemetery, Edinburgh

wikipedia_title:
Doctor of Divinity
United Presbyterian Church (Scotland)
Blair Drummond
Perthshire
Menteith
Kilmadock
University of Glasgow
United Secession Church
Dumbarton
Andrew Somerville
Greenock
The Grange, Edinburgh

categories: Scottish Presbyterian ministers,1809 births

paragraph: Thomas Finlayson (Presbyterian minister)

paragraph: Rev Thomas Finlayson DD (1809–1872) was a Scottish minister of the United Presbyterian church.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Finlayson, second son of Thomas Finlayson, a farmer, was born at Coldoch, Blair Drummond, Perthshire, 22 December 1809. He received his elementary education at the parish school of Kincardine in Menteith, and before entering college studied the classics at a school in the village of Doune in Kilmadock parish. At the University of Glasgow and at the theological hall of the United Secession Church he went through the usual course of training, and was licensed as a preacher of the gospel in April 1835 by the presbytery of Stirling and Falkirk. Part of his period of study was spent in teaching a school at Dumbarton, where he formed a friendship with the Rev. Dr. Andrew Somerville, who later became secretary of the foreign mission of the United Presbyterian Church.

paragraph: In November 1835 Finlayson was ordained minister of the Union Street congregation, Greenock, where he founded a missionary society, and in two years persuaded his people to pay off thedebt existing on the church. After twelve years in Greenock he was called to be colleague and successor to the Rev. John M'Gilchrist of Rose Street Church, Edinburgh, and was inducted to the ministry there in September 1847. He was elected moderator of the supreme court of his church in 1867, and shortly afterwards received the degree of D.D. from the university of Edinburgh. As one of the most ardent promoters of the manse fund, he was the chief agent in raising £45,000, which led to the spending of £120,000 in building and improving manses in two hundred localities.

paragraph: Finlayson was stricken by the death in 1868 of his eldest son Thomas, an advocate at the Scottish bar. On 7 October 1872 his congregation celebrated the semi-jubilee of his ministry in Edinburgh. Having gone to Campbeltown to take part in an induction service there, he was suddenly attacked with heart failure, and was found dead in his bed on 17 October 1872. He was buried in the Grange cemetery, Edinburgh, on 22 Oct. The grave lies to the north-west facing the main west path.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1836 he married Janet Carrick Chrystal (1812-1891), by whom he had six children.

wikidata_label: Thomas Finlayson


text:
Westminster Hospital
University of Erlangen
Bow Street patrol
Lord Sidmouth
Queen Victoria
Kensal Green Cemetery
Kensal Green Cemetery
London

wikipedia_title:
Westminster Hospital
University of Erlangen–Nuremberg
Bow Street Runners
Viscount Sidmouth
Queen Victoria
Kensal Green Cemetery
Kensal Green Cemetery
London

categories: Alumni of St George's, University of London,British surgeons,Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery,1876 deaths,1788 births

paragraph: John William Fisher

paragraph: Sir John William Fisher (30 January 1788 – 22 March 1876) was a British surgeon.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Fisher, son of Peter Fisher of Perth, by Mary, daughter of James Kennay of York, was born in London 30 January 1788, and apprenticed to John Andrews, a surgeon enjoying a large practice. After studying at St. George's and Westminster Hospitals, he was admitted member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1809, became a fellow in 1836, and was a member of the council in 1843. The University of Erlangen conferred on him the degree of M.D. in 1841.

paragraph: He was appointed surgeon to the Bow Street patrol in 1821 by Lord Sidmouth, and promoted to the post of surgeon-in-chief to the Metropolitan Police Force at the time of its formation in 1829, which position he held until his retirement on a pension in 1865.

paragraph: He was knighted by Queen Victoria at Osborne on 2 September 1858. He died at 33 Park Lane, London, 22 March 1876, and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery on 29 March, when six of his oldest medical friends were the pallbearers. His will was proved on 22 April, the personalty being sworn under £50,000.

paragraph: He was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery in London.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married, first, 18 April 1829, Louisa Catherine, eldest daughter of William Haymes of Kibworth Harcourt, Leicestershire, she died in London on 5 October 1860; and secondly, 18 June 1862, Lilias Stuart, second daughter of Colonel Alexander Mackenzie of Grinnard, Ross-shire.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: British surgeon

wikidata_label: John William Fisher

wikipedia_title: John William Fisher


text:
Valencia, Spain
University of Valencia
labour law
Workers' Commissions
United Left
Corts Valencianes
Coalició Compromís
Greenpeace
AVE
electoral process
Gaspar Llamazares
2008 Spanish general election
Burjassot
Coalició Compromís
2011 Spanish general election
Mònica Oltra

wikipedia_title:
Valencia
University of Valencia
Labour law
Workers' Commissions
United Left (Spain)
Corts Valencianes
Coalició Compromís
Greenpeace
AVE
2006 Peruvian general election
Gaspar Llamazares
2008 Spanish general election
Burjassot
Coalició Compromís
2011 Spanish general election
Mónica Oltra

categories: Spanish women in politics,Members of the eighth Congress of Deputies (Spain),People from Valencia,United Left (Spain) politicians,Coalició Compromís politicians,Members of the Corts Valencianes,Living people,1973 births

paragraph: Isaura Navarro

paragraph: Isaura Navarro Casillas (; born 5 November 1973, in Valencia, Spain), is a Spanish politician and former member of the Spanish Parliament. She holds a law degree obtained from the University of Valencia and specialises in business and labour law with a focus on worker's rights, due to obtaining the relevant qualifications in 1997. She has been the legal counsel of the Workers' Commissions Public Service and Public Administration Federation since the year 2000. In 2004 she was chosen to head the list of United Left in Valencia. With a drop in the overall United left vote, she won the 16th and final list seat, although a drop of less than 1800 votes would have cost her seat. In 2005 she became part of the federal praesidium of United Left. In the 2008 election she lost her seat to the People's Party. In 2015 she was elected to the Corts Valencianes, the Valencian autonomous parliament, as part of the Coalició Compromís list.

paragraph: She lives in the Carmen district, the historic centre of Valencia, where she is active in the Residents Association, providing legal advice to the Commercial and Residential Association. She is also a member and supporter of Greenpeace.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: Navarro's main focus is on social issues, women and the environment. She is an opponent of the construction of the high speed AVE train in the Valencia region, arguing in the Cortes that it would be a train for the elite which would damage the environment and would harm the operation of conventional trains. She has been an active campaigner on gay, lesbian and transgender issues. She supports laws making it easier for people to officially leave the established churches. She also supports the decriminalisation of cannabis

paragraph: Section::::Controversies and Navarro's response.

paragraph: Navarro became involved in controversy following an official trip to Peru when she was alleged to have asked for an official car for her partner who was an international observer for the upcoming electoral process, as well as allowing him to participate in official dinners without the knowledge of the Spanish foreign ministry. He also took part in discussions with the Peruvian foreign minister where he was accused of dressing inadequately for the occasion and not behaving in the appropriate manner. Navarro denied she had acted improperly, stating that her partner was accredited as an International Observer by the Peruvian National Electoral Commission and that neither the Spanish Embassy nor Spanish Government had objected to his participation. Navarro subsequently alleged that during the South American trip, she and others had been spied on by the Colombian secret services during participation in a forum in Colombia.

paragraph: She also sponsored a proposal which would have made Neighbourhood Watch schemes illegal on the grounds that these represented vigilantism, which is illegal in Spain.

paragraph: The leadership of the Valencian Federation of United Left accused her of owing the organisation 10,000 Euros originating from her assets as a deputy. Navarro herself said she would not deposit the money, as she was part of an internal dispute between her internal tendency in IU and the Valencian leadership. She later paid her dues to the Federal Leadership of IU.

paragraph: Section::::2008 General elections.

paragraph: In October 2007, she announced that she would be supporting Gaspar Llamazares' candidature for the nomination as Prime Ministerial candidate for IU in the 2008 Spanish general election stating that he would be the best non-sectarian candidate for all the left wing parties making up the coalition. As a result of divisions in IU, Navarro was challenged for the number one place on the Valencia list by Antonio Montalbán, with sections of the organisation hostile to the then leader Llamazares also opposed to Navarro's reselection. On November 18, 2007 at an Assembly held in Burjassot, Navarro was replaced as head of the Valencia list by Montalbán. The IU leadership later reviewed and upheld this decision. Consequently, Navarro left IU and stood in the election as head of the list for a broader coalition which included left wing, regional and environmental parties: the Valencian People's Initiative (Iniciativa del Poble Valencià), Valencian Nationalist Bloc (Bloc Nacionalista Valencià) and The Greens (Els Verds). However, the list polled only 1.33% of the votes cast, a drop compared to the 2004 election and, consequently, Navarro lost her seat.

paragraph: Section::::Subsequent career.

paragraph: Navarro unsuccessfully sought a place on the Coalició Compromís list for the 2011 Spanish general election.

paragraph: During the 2011 to 2015 term, Navarro worked as a parliamentary adviser to Compromís leader Mònica Oltra. She stood in the primaries to be a Compromís candidate in the 2015 Valencian regional elections. She was placed 7th on the list for Valencia Province and was one of 10 Compromís candidates elected there.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Navarro's profile at the Spanish Congress website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isaura Navarro's Blog (in Spanish and Valencian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photo of Isaura Navarro

description: Spanish politician

wikidata_label: Isaura Navarro

wikipedia_title: Isaura Navarro


text:
Raden Mas
Yogyakarta
Roekiah
Batavia
Terang Boelan
Radio Republik Indonesia
Rachmat Kartolo
Yogyakarta
Dutch East Indies
noble
Roekiah
keroncong
Batavia
Albert Balink
Terang Boelan
British Malaya
feature film
Tan's Film
Fatima
Rd. Djoemala
Film production in the Indies
Japanese occupation
Berdjoang
Radio Republik Indonesia
Indonesian National Revolution
Japanese surrender
Operation Kraai
Rachmat Kartolo
Terang Boelan
Fatima
Siti Akbari
Gagak Item
Roekihati
Sorga Ka Toedjoe
Poesaka Terpendam
Koeda Sembrani
Berdjoang

wikipedia_title: Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies

categories: Male actors of the Dutch East Indies,1949 deaths,Year of birth uncertain,Indonesian songwriters,People from Yogyakarta

paragraph: Kartolo

paragraph: Raden Mas Kartolo (died 18 January 1949) was an Indonesian actor and songwriter. Born in Yogyakarta to a noble family, he entered the theatre and married the actress Roekiah around 1933. The two, living in Batavia (now Jakarta) acted in numerous movies together, starting with the 1938 hit "Terang Boelan". However, Roekiah was always cast with other actors as her romantic interest. After Roekiah died in 1945, Kartolo brought the family to Yogyakarta and worked with Radio Republik Indonesia until his death. One of his sons, Rachmat Kartolo, went on to be an actor in the 1960s and 1970s.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Kartolo was born in Yogyakarta, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), to a family of noble descent. Around 1933, while a member of the Palestina touring troupe, he met his future wife Roekiah, a stage actress and singer of "keroncong" music (traditional music with Portuguese influences) in the Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) area. After leaving Palestina, in 1934 they toured in Singapore with the Faroka troupe.

paragraph: Section::::Film career.

paragraph: In 1937 Kartolo made his first film appearance as a supporting character and comedic relief in Albert Balink's "Terang Boelan" ("Full Moon"). Roekiah starred alongside Rd. Mochtar; the two played young lovers. "Terang Boelan" was a commercial success, drawing over 200,000 Straits dollars during its international release in British Malaya. As Algemeen Nederlandsch Indisch Filmsyndicaat, which had produced "Terang Boelan", stopped its work on feature films, Kartolo and many other cast and crew members migrated to Tan's Film. In this time, Kartolo and Roekiah established the short-lived Terang Boelan Troupe, which saw another tour to Singapore.

paragraph: With Tan's, Kartolo and the "Terang Boelan" migrants were utilised for the 1938 hit "Fatima", starring Roekiah and Mochtar; Kartolo once again took a secondary role. This film, which closely followed the formula established by "Terang Boelan", was a commercial success, earning 200,000 gulden on a 7,000 gulden budget and establishing Roekiah and Mochtar as the nation's first on-screen celebrity couple; when Mochtar left Tan's in 1940, Rd. Djoemala took over as Roekiah's on-screen love interest. Kartolo continued to act in secondary roles alongside his wife, with her singing songs he wrote: the couple received a monthly holding fee of 200 gulden, twice as much as they had been given for "Terang Boelan". They were also given a house in Tanah Rendah. Kartolo and Roekiah appeared in six further films together, although never as lovers.

paragraph: Film production in the Indies declined after the Japanese occupation beginning in early 1942, in which all but one studio was closed. Kartolo acted in two propaganda films for this occupation government, although not alongside Roekiah: Kartolo was in the 1943 feature-length "Berdjoang" ("Hope of the South") and the 1944 short "Djatoeh Berkait" ("Fall Together"), while Roekiah was in the 1944 short "Ke Seberang" ("To the Other Side").

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: After Roekiah's death in 1945, Kartolo left Jakarta (renamed during the occupation) with their five children and worked at Radio Republik Indonesia for three years. This period was one of great turmoil, as the Indonesian National Revolution, a fight against the Dutch who had returned to recapture the Indies after the Japanese surrender in 1945, was in full swing. When the Dutch captured Yogyakarta following Operation Kraai in December 1948, Kartolo refused to cooperate with the colonial government. He died soon afterwards, on 18 January 1949.

paragraph: Of Kartolo and Roekiah's five children, one died while in Yogyakarta while the rest were brought to Jakarta and raised by Kartolo's close friend Adikarso. One of them, Rachmat Kartolo, went on to be an actor, active up through the 1970s.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Terang Boelan" ("Full Moon"; 1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fatima" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Siti Akbari" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gagak Item" ("Black Raven"; 1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roekihati" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sorga Ka Toedjoe" ("Seventh Heaven"; 1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poesaka Terpendam" ("Buried Heritage"; 1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Koeda Sembrani" ("The Enchanted Horse"; 1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Berdjoang" ("Hope of the South"; 1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Djatoeh Berkait" ("Fall Together"; 1944; short film)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Footnotes

paragraph: Bibliography

description: Indonesian actor

wikidata_label: Kartolo

wikipedia_title: Kartolo


text:
Count of Tyrol
Albert II
Diessen-Andechs
Bavaria
Welf
Henry the Proud
Conrad III of Germany
Ortenburg
Henry

wikipedia_title:
County of Tyrol
Albert II, Count of Tyrol
Counts of Andechs
Duchy of Bavaria
House of Welf
Henry X, Duke of Bavaria
Conrad III of Germany
Counts of Ortenburg
Henry I, Count of Tyrol

categories: 12th-century births,Year of birth unknown,Counts of Tyrol,1180 deaths

paragraph: Berthold I, Count of Tyrol

paragraph: Berthold I (died 7 March 1180) was Count of Tyrol from about 1165 until his death.

paragraph: He was a younger son of Count Albert II and his wife, Adelaide of Diessen-Andechs. The Tyrolean counts were able to strengthen their autonomy from Bavaria after the Welf duke Henry the Proud was deposed by King Conrad III of Germany in 1139. About 1165, Berthold succeeded his elder brother Albert III as sole Count of Tyrol.

paragraph: Berthold I was married to his cousin Agnes (1149–1207), a daughter of Count Otto I of Ortenburg, who was himself a son of Count Albert I of Tyrol. Upon his death, he was succeeded by his sons Berthold II and Henry

wikidata_label: Berthold I, Count of Tyrol

wikipedia_title: Berthold I, Count of Tyrol