text:
Gove County
Kansas
Xiphactinus audax
Gillicus arcuatus
Charles Hazelius Sternberg
Brigadier General
George M. Sternberg
Sternberg Museum of Natural History
Fort Hays State University
Hays, Kansas
Charles Mortram Sternberg

categories: American paleontologists,1883 births,1969 deaths

paragraph: George F. Sternberg

paragraph: George Fryer Sternberg (1883–1969) was a paleontologist best known for his discovery in Gove County, Kansas of the "fish-within-a-fish" of "Xiphactinus audax" with a recently eaten "Gillicus arcuatus" within its stomach. He was the son of Charles Hazelius Sternberg and nephew of Brigadier General George M. Sternberg (1838–1915). The Sternberg Museum of Natural History at Fort Hays State University in Hays, Kansas is named for him and other members of his fossil collecting family like his father Charles Hazelius Sternberg (1850–1943), or his brother Charles Mortram Sternberg (1885–1981).

description: American paleontologist

wikidata_label: George F. Sternberg

wikipedia_title: George F. Sternberg


text:
Rotterdam
Gouda
Delftware
modeler
ceramist
Great Depression
Aart Stolk
Frans van Katwijk
Delft jewelry
Metz & Co
Museum site Verwoerd Ceramics Online

categories: 1913 births,People from Gouda, South Holland,Ceramics manufacturers of the Netherlands,2000 deaths,Dutch ceramists

paragraph: Cornelis Verwoerd

paragraph: Cornelis (Kees, Cor) Verwoerd (Rotterdam, February 10, 1913 – Gouda, December 19, 2000) was a Dutch Delftware painter, modeler, and ceramist.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Verwoerd was born in 1913 in Rotterdam, Netherlands, the son of cattle trader and car mechanic Leendert Verwoerd and Maria van der Hoeven. At an early age his family moved to the city of Gouda. After leaving primary school, he started working as an errand boy for a local porcelain and pottery store, and was frequently asked to collect orders from Gouda pottery and Delftware factory "Plateelbakkerij Zuid-Holland" (PZH). In May 1927, at the age of 14, he joined PZH as a painter's apprentice and remained there until December 1931 when, after several strikes, most painters lost their jobs due to the Great Depression. In 1934, Verwoerd joined pottery “Zenith Gouda” where he worked as a Delftware painter under chief painter Aart Stolk. In 1937, Verwoerd moved to “Plateelbakkerij Schoonhoven" of Schoonhoven to work under their artistic leader Frans van Katwijk. In 1940, he rejoined Zenith Gouda, initially as a Delft decorator, but soon as their chief modeler.

paragraph: In 1949, Verwoerd established his own ceramics Studio in Gouda by the name of "Keramiek Atelier C.Verwoerd.” Possibly inspired by Frans van Katwijk who did something similar in 1946, the Studio specialized in the production of miniature Delft brooch panels or “Delft stones” for application in Delft jewelry, like brooches, bracelets, and pendants. His main clients were silversmiths G.J. van den Bergh Jr, and G.J. van den Bergh & Son, both from Schoonhoven, and the Amsterdam wholesale firm of F. Eisner. From day one, Verwoerd had to cope with the already fast approaching wave of cheap reproduction methods. In doing so, he managed to push the art of miniature Delft painting to a new level. His work stood out because of its painterly quality, and the delicate, non aggressive shades of blue.

paragraph: Verwoerd was not the only specialist for Delft brooch panels after WW2. His main competitors were “Atelier Van Katwijk” founded by Frans van Katwijk who had left Schoonhoven and established his own Studio in Gouda in 1946, and “Kunstatelier Porceletti” founded by Dick Olthuysen in the mid 1950s. They started off producing hand painted brooch panels, but near the end of the 50s resorted to screen printing or transfer printing. From that moment until 1976, when the Studio closed its doors, Verwoerd was the main specialist producer of hand-painted Delft miniatures.

paragraph: In 1957 and 1958, the Verwoerd Ceramics Studio produced a series of contemporary ceramic necklaces and bracelets that were specially designed to fit the female neckline and wrist, and that featured some exquisite coloured glazing of which ivory and strawberry red. The ceramic jewelry was sold in a limited number of specialized shops in the Netherlands and Belgium, including Metz & Co of Amsterdam. The project was quite successful in an artistic sense, but proved to be extremely labour-intensive, and was shelved after 1958. As a result, the bracelets and necklaces remain relatively scarce.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On November 15, 1939, Verwoerd married Maria Peels, born December 19, 1914 in Cologne, Germany. He died December 19, 2000 in Gouda.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum site Verwoerd Ceramics Online

wikidata_label: Cornelis Verwoerd

wikipedia_title: Cornelis Verwoerd


text:
Montespluga
frazione
Madesimo
Genoa
Accademia Ligustica di Belle Arti
Venice Biennale
Divisionism
Plinio Nomellini
Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo
Portofino
Sem Benelli
World War I

categories: Italian male painters,1922 deaths,1872 births,20th-century Italian sculptors,People from the Province of Sondrio,20th-century Italian painters,Accademia Ligustica di Belle Arti alumni,19th-century Italian painters,Italian male sculptors,Accademia Ligustica di Belle Arti faculty

paragraph: Rubaldo Merello

paragraph: Rubaldo Merello (16 July 1872 – 31 January 1922) was an Italian painter and sculptor.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Born in Montespluga, a frazione of Madesimo, Merello was the son of a customs inspector. In 1881 he moved to Genoa with his family, and there Merello trained at the Accademia Ligustica di Belle Arti, graduating in 1892. He held his first exhibition in 1894.

paragraph: Following the disappointment for the rejection of one of his works by the Venice Biennale in 1895, Merello embraced a life of total isolation; in the same years he approached Divisionism, inspired by the works of Plinio Nomellini and Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo.

paragraph: Merello held his first solo exhibition in 1909. In 1913 he became professor of painting at the Accademia Ligustica di Belle Arti. Around 1914 he moved to Portofino. In 1915 he illustrated Sem Benelli's poem "Le nozze dei centauri". During World War I, he focused on sculpture.

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Rubaldo Merello

wikipedia_title: Rubaldo Merello


text:
Roman Catholic
Shanghai
Ningbo
Roman Catholic Diocese of Taizhou
China
Patriotic Catholic Association
Standing Committee of the CPPCC

categories: Prisoners and detainees of the People's Republic of China,2016 deaths,Chinese Roman Catholic bishops,1934 births

paragraph: Anthony Xu Ji-wei

paragraph: Anthony Xu Ji-wei (April 2, 1934 – September 25, 2016) was a Roman Catholic bishop.

paragraph: Xu was born in Shanghai in 1934 with ancestral ties to Ningbo and undertook seminary training from 1948 to 1958.

paragraph: Xu was sentenced to 5 years of hard labour in 1960. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1985, Xu Ji-wei served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Taizhou, China from 2010 to 2016.

paragraph: Xu was provincial director of the Patriotic Catholic Association and member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC.

wikidata_label: Anthony Xu Jiwei

wikipedia_title: Anthony Xu Ji-wei


text:
Smižany
Austria-Hungary
Ovruch
German-occupied
Ukrainian SSR
Soviet Union
Slovak
captain
anti-fascist
Slovak partisan
Soviet Union
World War II
Smižany
Spišská Nová Ves District
Stupava
Poruba pod Vihorlatom
Dolná Mariková
Horná Mariková
lieutenant
Czechoslovak Army
German
Slovak State
Operation Barbarossa
Red Army
Eastern Front
Yel’sk
anti-fascist
Soviet partisans
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Ovruch
1st Ukrainian Front
Chernivtsi
Posthumously
Hero of the Soviet Union
Slovak National Uprising
Order of Lenin
Order of the White Lion
Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War"
Ľudovít Štúr Order
Brigadier General
President of Slovakia
Rudolf Schuster
Gelnica District
Slovakia
Nálepkovo
Brno
Ostrava
Piešťany
Pezinok
commemorative plaque
Smižany
Czechoslovakia
Soviet Union
Stupava
equestrian statue
Spišská Nová Ves
Ovruch
Ukraine
Yel’sk
Belarus
Milan Kňažko

categories: 1912 births,Anti-fascists,1943 deaths,Recipients of the Order of Lenin,Heroes of the Soviet Union,Slovak military personnel,Slovak people of World War II,Slovak communists,People from Spišská Nová Ves District,Soviet partisans,Czechoslovak defectors,Communist Party of the Soviet Union members,Defectors to the Soviet Union,Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion

paragraph: Ján Nálepka

paragraph: Ján Nálepka (20 September 1912 in Smižany, Austria-Hungary – 16 November 1943 in Ovruch, German-occupied Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) was a Slovak captain who organized and led an anti-fascist Slovak partisan detachment in the Soviet Union during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nálepka was born into a peasant family in the village of Smižany, in Spišská Nová Ves District. From 1931, he worked as a teacher in Stupava, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Dolná Mariková and Horná Mariková. He served as a lieutenant in the Czechoslovak Army from 1934. In 1941, the German-allied Slovak State participated in Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union, and the military unit in which Nálepka served was sent to fight against the Red Army on the Eastern Front. In 1942, while he was Chief of Staff of a Slovak regiment stationed in the town of Yel’sk, Nálepka started organizing an underground anti-fascist group inside the army. For example, Nálepka's group would give the local population information about the situation on the front lines, sabotage railway tracks, and give false information to German military aviators, so that they would bomb uninhabited forest areas instead of towns and villages. The same year, Nálepka also established contacts with Soviet partisans.

paragraph: On the night between 14 and 15 June 1943, Nálepka and several other Slovak officers and soldiers defected from the Slovak Army and joined the partisans. They formed a partisan detachment and fought against the German troops, and called for Slovak soldiers to join them. Nálepka was made commander of the detachment, and was given the nickname "Repkin" by the Soviet partisans. Early in November 1943, Nálepka joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

paragraph: On 16 November 1943, Nálepka's detachment tried to liberate the town of Ovruch from German occupation, together with Soviet partisans and troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front. However, Nálepka and several other Slovak anti-fascist fighters were attacked and perished during an assault on the town's railway station. He was buried in a mass grave in Chernivtsi.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: Posthumously, Ján Nálepka received the titles Hero of the Soviet Union (May 2, 1945) – making him the only Slovak to be awarded this title – and Hero of the Slovak National Uprising (May 5, 1945). He was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin (May 2, 1945), Order of the White Lion I Class (October 28, 1948), the Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st class, and the Ľudovít Štúr Order, II Class (August 31, 1996).

paragraph: Ján Nálepka was posthumously promoted to the rank of Brigadier General by the President of Slovakia, Rudolf Schuster, on May 7, 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Memorials.

paragraph: The village Vondrišel in Gelnica District, Slovakia was renamed Nálepkovo in 1948.

paragraph: Towns where streets have been named after Ján Nálepka include Brno, Ostrava, Piešťany and Pezinok. A commemorative plaque has been placed on the house in Smižany where he was born, and a street there has also been named after him. Overall, more than a hundred streets in former Czechoslovakia, and several in the former Soviet Union, bear Nálepka's name.

paragraph: A school in Stupava, where Nálepka worked as a teacher, has been named after him, and there is an equestrian statue of him in the same town. A statue of Nálepka also stands in the center of Spišská Nová Ves.

paragraph: There is also a monument to Nálepka in Ovruch, Ukraine, the town where he perished. In Yel’sk, Belarus, a commemorative plaque has been placed on the house where Nálepka lived from 1942 until 1943.

paragraph: A movie about Ján Nálepka, titled "Zajtra bude neskoro" ("Tomorrow It Will Be Too Late"), was made in 1972. It was a joint Soviet-Czechoslovak production, and casts Slovak actor Milan Kňažko as Nálepka.

description: Czechoslovakian partisan

wikidata_label: Ján Nálepka

wikipedia_title: Ján Nálepka


text: Marigüenu

text: toqui

text: Paineñamcu

text: Arauco

text: Nangoniel

text: Diego de Rosales

categories: 16th-century Mapuche people,People of the Arauco War,Indigenous leaders of the Americas

paragraph: Cayancura

paragraph: Cayancura or "Cayeucura", a Mapuche native to the region of Marigüenu, chosen as toqui in 1584, to replace the captured Paineñamcu. His one great operation was an attempted siege of the fort at Arauco that failed, leading to his abdication of his office in favor of his son Nangoniel in 1585.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diego de Rosales, “Historia General del Reino de Chile”, Flandes Indiano, 3 tomos. Valparaíso 1877 - 1878.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia general de el Reyno de Chile: Flandes Indiano Vol. 2 Capítulos LI, LII.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juan Ignatius Molina, The Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chili, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, London, 1809

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Ignacio Víctor Eyzaguirre, Historia eclesiastica: Politica y literaria de Chile, IMPRENTA DEL COMERCIO, VALPARAISO, June 1830 List of Toquis, pg. 162-163

wikidata_label: Cayancura

wikipedia_title: Cayancura


text: Ralph Neville, 3rd Earl of Westmorland

text: Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland

text: Ralph Neville, 3rd Earl of Westmorland

text: Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Darcy

text: Tower Hill

text: Pilgrimage of Grace

text: Stepney

text: Greenwich

text: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham

text: King Henry VIII

text: Field of the Cloth of Gold

text: Emperor Charles V

text: Gravelines

text: Dover

text: Thomas Howard

text: Earl of Surrey

text: Order of the Garter

text: Privy Council

text: Berwick

text: Warden

text: Marches

text: Duke of Richmond

text: Pope Clement VII

text: Catherine of Aragon

text: William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre

text: Northumberland

text: Cumberland

text: Westmorland

text: Anne Boleyn

text: Pilgrimage of Grace

text: Warden

text: Norfolk

text: Council of the North

text: Jane Seymour

text: Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford

text: Staindrop

text: Durham

text: Shoreditch

text: Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland

text: St. Leonard's, Shoreditch

text: Elizabeth Stafford

text: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham

text: Eleanor Percy

text: Thomas Howard

text: Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland

text: Shoreditch

text: Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland

text: Jane Howard

text: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey

text: Northern Rebellion

text: attainted

text: Mary, Queen of Scots

text: Queen Elizabeth

text: Nieuport

text: Kirkbymoorside

text: Yorkshire

text: Hipswell

text: attainted

text: Northern Rebellion

text: Brancepeth

text: Durham

text: Northern Rebellion

text: attainted

text: Spanish Netherlands

text: Shoreditch

text: 16th Earl of Oxford

text: Edward Windsor, 3rd Baron Windsor

text: Farnley Hall, Yorkshire

text: Sir Christopher Danby

text: Northern Rebellion

text: Shoreditch

text: Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland

text: Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre

text: Elizabeth Leyburne

text: Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk

text: Yorkshire

text: Queen Mary

text: Robert Amadas

text: King Henry VIII's

text: Alcester

text: Sir Fulke Greville

text: 4th Baron Willoughby de Broke

text: Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke

text: Sir Philip Sidney

text: Sir Richard Verney

text: Ralph Neville, (4th E. Westmoreland)

text: Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland

text: Stapleton papers

categories: Members of the Privy Council of England,16th-century English nobility,Knights of the Garter,15th-century English nobility,1549 deaths,1497 births,Neville family,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland

paragraph: Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland , (21 February 1498 – 24 April 1549) was an English peer and soldier. He was the grandson of Ralph Neville, 3rd Earl of Westmorland, and the father of Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Ralph Neville, born 21 February 1498, was the son of Ralph Neville (d. 1498) and Edith Sandys (d. 22 August 1529), daughter of Sir William Sandys of the Vyne by Edith Cheyne, daughter of Sir John Cheyne. He was the grandson of Ralph Neville, 3rd Earl of Westmorland, and Isabel Booth.

paragraph: Neville had a brother who died young, and a sister, Isabel, who married firstly, Sir Robert Plumpton, and secondly, Lawrence Kighley, Esq.

paragraph: After his father's death in 1498, Neville's mother, Edith, married Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Darcy, who was beheaded on Tower Hill 30 June 1537 for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace. She died at Stepney on 22 August 1529, and was buried at the Friars Observant, Greenwich.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Neville inherited the earldom of Westmorland as an infant at the death of his grandfather on 6 February 1499. On 9 July 1510, at about the age of twelve, his wardship was granted to Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham.

paragraph: As a young man, Westmorland was among those who attended King Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in June 1520 and at his meeting with Emperor Charles V at Gravelines in July. On 7 November 1520 he had livery of his lands. He was present at the reception for the Emperor near Dover in May 1522. In 1522–23 Westmorland saw military service on the Scottish border, where he was knighted in the latter year by Thomas Howard, then Earl of Surrey. He was installed as a member of the Order of the Garter on 25 June 1525, and before 5 February 1526 was a member of the King's Privy Council. He continued to serve on the northern border, being appointed Deputy Captain of Berwick and Vice Warden of the East and Middle Marches from October 1525 to September 1526 under the King's illegitimate son, the Duke of Richmond. In January 1526 he was the chief envoy charged with concluding a truce with Scotland.

paragraph: On 13 July 1530 Westmorland was among those who signed the letter to Pope Clement VII urging the annulment of the King's marriage to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. In May 1534 he was a member of a commission directed to inquire into alleged treasonous activities by William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre of Gilsland. He again saw military service in the north when in June and July 1535 he was among those charged with suppressing disorders in Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmorland. On 15 May 1536 he was one of the peers who took part in the trial of the King's second wife, Anne Boleyn. During the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536–37 Westmorland remained loyal to the King, which Archbold notes is 'surprising, considering his family connections'. He refused an appointment as Warden of the East and Middle Marches at this time, allegedly because his men supported the rising. At the time Norfolk described him as 'a man of such heat and hastiness of nature' as to be 'unmeet' for the appointment. However, as Dockwray notes, Norfolk may have been disparaging a potential rival. On 14 January 1537 he was made a member of the Council of the North.

paragraph: On 12 November 1537 Westmorland attended the funeral of the King's third wife, Jane Seymour. In 1538 he was again disparaged, on this occasion being described by an anonymous writer as a man 'of great power without wit or knowledge'. In May 1544 he was in command of the East and Middle Marches during the invasion of Scotland under Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford.

paragraph: Westmorland died on 24 April 1549, aged 51, and was buried at Staindrop, Durham. His widow, Katherine, died 14 May 1555 at Holywell in Shoreditch, the house of her son-in-law, Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, and was buried 17 May 1555 at St. Leonard's, Shoreditch.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Westmorland was first betrothed to Elizabeth Stafford (c.1497 – 30 November 1558), the eldest daughter of his guardian, Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, and Eleanor Percy, with whom he is said to have been in love, and whom he was to have married before Christmas 1512. However about that time Thomas Howard made suit for her, and Elizabeth married Howard, as his second wife, before 8 January 1513. Westmorland married instead, before June 1520, Stafford's second daughter, Katherine (d. 14 May 1555). They had eighteen children, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland, who married, at a triple marriage ceremony on 3 July 1536 at Holywell in Shoreditch, Anne Manners, the daughter of Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland. Their son, Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland, married, about 1563/4, Jane Howard (buried 30 June 1593), the daughter of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. He took part with his uncles, Christopher Neville and Cuthbert Neville, in the Northern Rebellion of 1569, was attainted in 1571, whereby all his honours were forfeited, and fled to the continent, where he was involved for many years in plots on behalf of Mary, Queen of Scots, against Queen Elizabeth. He died in exile at Nieuport in Flanders on 16 November 1601.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Thomas Neville.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Neville.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christopher Neville (fl. 1549–1575) of Kirkbymoorside, Yorkshire, fourth son, who married Anne Fulthorpe (d. after 1570), widow of Francis Wandesford, of Kirklington, Yorkshire, and daughter and heir of John Fulthorpe of Hipswell, Yorkshire. There were no issue of the marriage. He was attainted for treason in May 1571 for his part in the Northern Rebellion of 1569, and fled to the continent, where he died in exile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Neville.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph Neville (d.1565).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cuthbert Neville (fl. 1549–1569) of Brancepeth, Durham. He took part in the Northern Rebellion of 1569 with his brother, was attainted, and died in exile in the Spanish Netherlands.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorothy Neville (d.1546), who married, at a triple marriage ceremony on 3 July 1536 at Holywell in Shoreditch, as his first wife, John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, and by him had a daughter, Katherine, who married Edward Windsor, 3rd Baron Windsor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Neville, who married Sir Thomas Danby of Farnley Hall, Yorkshire, eldest son of Sir Christopher Danby. Sir Thomas Danby appears to have participated with his brothers-in-law, Christopher Neville and Cuthbert Neville, in the Northern Rebellion of 1569.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret Neville (d. 13 October 1559), who married, at a triple marriage ceremony on 3 July 1536 at Holywell in Shoreditch, as his first wife, Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Neville, who married, as his first wife, Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre (d. 1 July 1566) of Gilsland, but died without issue. After Elizabeth Neville's death, Thomas Dacre married Elizabeth Leyburne (buried 18 September 1567), who, after Dacre's death, married, as his third wife, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor Neville, who married, as his first wife, Sir Bryan Stapleton (d. 13 December 1606) of Carlton, Yorkshire, eldest son of Sir Richard Stapleton (c.1516 – 1585), 'one of the carpet knights made at the accession of Queen Mary', and Thomasin Amadas, the daughter of Robert Amadas, goldsmith and master of King Henry VIII's jewel house. After Eleanor Neville's death, Sir Brian Stapleton married Elizabeth Darcy, the daughter of George Darcy, 2nd Baron Darcy de Darcy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Neville (buried 17 July 1583 at Alcester, Warwickshire), who married, about 1553, Sir Fulke Greville (1536–1606), "de jure" 4th Baron Willoughby de Broke, and by him had issue a son, Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, friend of Sir Philip Sidney, and a daughter, Margaret Greville (1561–1631/2), who married Sir Richard Verney.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ursula Neville.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph Neville, (4th E. Westmoreland) A short biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dacre of Gilsland, Baron (E, 1473 – abeyant 1569)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland Pedigree

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stapleton papers. Retrieved 3 November 2012

description: English Earl

wikidata_label: Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland

wikipedia_title: Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland


text:
Royal Governor of Chile
Captaincy General of Chile
Spain
Alonso de Sotomayor
Martín García Óñez de Loyola
Battle of Curalaba
Francisco de Quiñónez

categories: Captaincy General of Chile,People of the Arauco War,Royal Governors of Chile,16th-century births,Year of death unknown,16th-century Spanish people,History of Chile,People from Seville

paragraph: Pedro de Viscarra

paragraph: Pedro de Viscarra de la Barrera, twice Royal Governor of Chile, was an old lawyer who had arrived in the Captaincy General of Chile from Spain in 1590. Alonso de Sotomayor went to Peru on July 30, 1592 to petition the viceroy there for more men leaving Pedro de Viscarra with the title of lieutenant governor of Chile. Upon the arrival of Martín García Óñez de Loyola on 23 September 1592 to replace Sotomayor, Viscarra relinquished his office.

paragraph: After Loyola was killed in the Battle of Curalaba in December 1598, Pedro de Viscarra again was the temporary governor of the Kingdom of Chile for six months until he was replaced as governor by Francisco de Quiñónez in May 1599.

description: Royal Governor of Chile

wikidata_label: Pedro de Viscarra

wikipedia_title: Pedro de Viscarra


text: Gabrovo

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Kiev

text: Russian Empire

text: Bulgaria

text: Bulgarian Byzantine Catholic Church

text: Phanariotes

text: Pius IX

text: Byzantine Rite

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Gabrovo

text: Troyan Monastery

text: Mount Athos

text: Bulgarian Orthodox Church

text: Istanbul

text: Catholic Church

text: Dragan Tsankov

text: Georgi Mirkovich

text: Constantinople

text: Pope Pius IX

text: Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church

text: Italy

text: Raphael Popov

text: Dragan Tsankov

text: Rome

text: Pope

text: Sistine Chapel

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Odessa

text: Odessa

text: Kiev

text: Alexander II

text: Bulgaria

text: Raphael Popov

text: CNEWA: The Bulgarian Catholic Church

text: Архиепископ Йосиф Соколски

categories: Bulgarian Eastern Catholic bishops,1879 deaths,Former Bulgarian Orthodox Christians,Converts to Eastern Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy,1786 births,Bulgarian Byzantine Catholic Church

paragraph: Joseph Sokolsky

paragraph: Joseph Sokolsky (, Gabrovo, Ottoman Empire 1786 – died in Kiev, Russian Empire September 30, 1879) was the first senior Eastern Orthodox Bulgarian clergyman who convert to Catholicism, thus becoming a pioneer of the Bulgarian Byzantine Catholic Church. Sokolsky negotiated with Vatican a formal union due to Phanariotes domination over Bulgarian Orthodoxy and gained Catholic recognition 1861 when Pope Pius IX named him Archbishop for the Bulgarians of the Byzantine Rite. He was also accepted in that capacity by the Ottoman Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sokolsky was born around 1786 in an Eastern Orthodox family in the village of Nova Mahala, today quarter of Gabrovo. His baptismal name was Ivan. Around 1802 he became a novice in the Troyan Monastery, where he took religious vows in 1806. In the 1820s he visited Mount Athos, where he brought the collection of works containing the life of Gabrovo's Bulgarian Saint Onuphrius. On May 1, 1826 he became abbot of Kalofer Monastery.

paragraph: In 1832, Archimandrite Joseph Sokolsky left the Troyan Monastery and founded a monastery at a place called Falcon near the village Etar (now part of the city of Gabrovo). New monastery became known as "Sokolsky". In the 1840s in the same area Sokolsky created a "Joseph Convent". In 1836, Joseph Sokolsky also opened a school for boys. At one time in this school taught famous Bulgarian educator Neophyte Bozveli. For his achievements as an Orthodox Archimandrite, Sokolsky was much revered among Orthodox Bulgarians.

paragraph: In 1860 the Bulgarian national leaders and clergy campaigned for autonomy of Bulgarian Orthodox Church within the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, but without much success. At the same time, among the Bulgarians in Istanbul, an alternative solutions were proposed, in form of union with Catholic Church. Chief advocates of such notions were Dragan Tsankov and Georgi Mirkovich.

paragraph: At first, Joseph Sokolsky has been a strong supporter of the movement for autonomy of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church within the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and was disappointed with Greek disrespect of Bulgarian claims. Soon, his countryman Nicolas Sapunov attracted him to the idea of a union with the Catholic Church. In November 1860, Joseph Sokolsky moved to Constantinople, and on December 30, 1860 he became a member of the Bulgarian delegation, sent to Pope Pius IX with the request to establish a hierarchy of the Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church.

paragraph: In March 1861 he went to Italy, together with deacon Raphael Popov, Dragan Tsankov and Georgi Mirkovich . Upon arrival to Rome, the delegation was received in Rome by the Pope himself. In April 1861 in the Sistine Chapel, Joseph Sokolsky was consecrated Archbishop, and appointed "apostolic vicar" for the Catholic Bulgarians of the Byzantine Rite. upon his return to Istanbul, he was accepted in that capacity by the authorities of Ottoman Empire. At that point, it seemed that newly created Bulgarian Bzyantine-Catholic Church will start to develop successfully.

paragraph: Those events drew attention of Russian officials in Istanbul, who were fearing that a union movement will have substantial influence on Bulgarians. Because of that, a plan was developed to detach Joseph Sokolsky from his community. Plan was devised by the Russian envoy, Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky, and was carried out by Petko Slaveikov who lured Sokolsky on the Russian ship "Elbrus" that sailed from Istanbul for Odessa in June 1861.

paragraph: After arriving in Odessa, Joseph Sokolsky was taken to Kiev and placed in the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, where he lived until his death. After the Polish uprising of 1863, in the Greek Catholic Diocese of Chelm almost all Greek Catholic priests were suspended or expelled. With the permission of the Emperor Alexander II, Joseph Sokolsky visited that region several times, and a total of 72 Greek Catholic priest were ordained. Joseph Sokolsky regularly filed an applications for permission to return to Bulgaria, the last of which dates from 1878, but he was always refused.

paragraph: Joseph Sokolsky died on September 30, 1879.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bulgarian Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Constantinople

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raphael Popov

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy: Bulgarian Catholic Church of the Byzantine Tradition

paragraph: BULLET::::- CNEWA: The Bulgarian Catholic Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Кратка история на Католическата апостолическа екзархия

paragraph: BULLET::::- Архиепископ Йосиф Соколски

alias:
Joseph of Sokola
Josif Sokolski

description: Bulgarian clergyman

wikidata_label: Joseph Sokolsky

wikipedia_title: Joseph Sokolsky


text:
Stresa
In the Country Fell a Star
We Were Seven Sisters
At Your Orders, Madame
The White Angel
Bicycle Thieves
Totò Le Mokò
Romanzo d'amore
Free Escape
Altri tempi
The Golden Coach
L'ultimo amante
Difendo il mio amore

categories: Italian film actresses,Italian stage actresses,1997 deaths,1916 births,20th-century Italian actresses,People from the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola

paragraph: Elena Altieri

paragraph: Elena Altieri (born Elena Capucci) (27 July 1916 – 1 May 1997) was an Italian film and stage actress. She appeared in 27 films between 1937 and 1955. She was born in Stresa, the daughter of an Italian father and an English mother. She was mainly cast, both on stage and in films, in roles of haughty and aristocratic women.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Country Fell a Star" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Were Seven Sisters" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "At Your Orders, Madame" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The White Angel" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bicycle Thieves" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Totò Le Mokò" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romanzo d'amore" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Free Escape" (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Altri tempi" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden Coach" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'ultimo amante" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Difendo il mio amore" (1957)

description: Italian actress

wikidata_label: Elena Altieri

wikipedia_title: Elena Altieri


text:
Nervi
Genoa
The Document
World War II
The Jester's Supper
Four Steps in the Clouds
The Band of Honest Men
Nando Gazzolo
Constantine and the Cross
western films
Walter Brennan
My Darling Clementine
Rio Bravo
Bud Abbott
George Hayes
Peter Lorre
Casablanca
Arthur Malet
Mary Poppins
H. B. Warner
It's a Wonderful Life
Gary Cooper
The Plainsman
Carlo Romano
Lou Costello
Abbott and Costello
Walt Disney films
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
The Sword in the Stone
Lady and the Tramp
The Document
At Your Orders, Madame
I, His Father
Unjustified Absence
The Document
Defendant, Stand Up!
Eternal Melodies
Red Tavern
Inspector Vargas
L'attore scomparso
Caravaggio
The Betrothed
Four Steps in the Clouds
Headlights in the Fog
The Jester's Supper
The Last Wagon
Short Circuit
The Ways of Sin
The Models of Margutta
Ring Around the Clock
Alina
Beauties in Capri
The Gorgon
Martin Toccaferro
Past Lovers
Too Young for Love
The Three Thieves
Casta Diva
House of Ricordi
La ladra
Noi siamo le colonne
Goha
Constantine and the Cross

categories: 1970 deaths,1900 births,People from Genoa,Italian male film actors,Italian male stage actors,Italian male voice actors

paragraph: Lauro Gazzolo

paragraph: Lauro Gazzolo (born Ilario Gazzolo; 15 October 1900 – 2 October 1970) was an Italian actor and voice actor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Nervi in Genoa, Gazzolo began his career on screen in 1938 starring in the comedy film "The Document" and became more successful after the end of World War II. A popular character actor, he appeared in at least 106 films and played many roles between 1939 and 1966. Among his most popular filmography included "The Jester's Supper", "Four Steps in the Clouds" and "The Band of Honest Men". In his later films, he appeared alongside his son Nando Gazzolo in the 1961 film "Constantine and the Cross". This would mark Nando's film debut.

paragraph: As a voice actor, Gazzolo dubbed foreign films into the Italian language. He was best known for dubbing elderly characters in western films as well as being the official Italian voice of Walter Brennan, usually dubbing his voice in "My Darling Clementine" and "Rio Bravo" including Bud Abbott and George Hayes. He also provided Italian speaking dialogue for actors in films such as Peter Lorre in "Casablanca", Arthur Malet in "Mary Poppins", H. B. Warner in "It's a Wonderful Life" and Gary Cooper in "The Plainsman". He was partnered up with his colleague Carlo Romano (Lou Costello's official dubber) in the Abbott and Costello sketches. Gazzolo was also renowned for dubbing animated characters in Walt Disney films such as Bashful in "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", Archimedes in "The Sword in the Stone" and Jock in "Lady and the Tramp".

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Document" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I, His Father" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unjustified Absence" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Document" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Defendant, Stand Up!" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eternal Melodies" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Red Tavern" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inspector Vargas" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'attore scomparso" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caravaggio" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Betrothed" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Four Steps in the Clouds" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Headlights in the Fog" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Jester's Supper" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Wagon" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Short Circuit" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ways of Sin" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Models of Margutta" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ring Around the Clock" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alina" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beauties in Capri" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gorgon" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Martin Toccaferro" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Past Lovers" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Too Young for Love" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Three Thieves" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Casta Diva" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Ricordi" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La ladra" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Londra chiama Polo Nord" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Noi siamo le colonne" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Goha" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Constantine and the Cross" (1961)

description: Italian actor and voice actor

wikidata_label: Lauro Gazzolo

wikipedia_title: Lauro Gazzolo


text:
Stange
Hedmark
Norwegian Institute of Technology
Bergen
Kristiania
Harald Aars
Frogner
St. Hanshaugen
Bislett
neo-baroque
Vigeland Museum
Houen Foundation Award
Steinkjer
Buskerud
Ullevål
Søren Onsager
Drammen

wikipedia_title:
Stange
Hedmark
Norwegian Institute of Technology
Bergen
Oslo
Harald Aars
Frogner
St. Hanshaugen
Bislett
Baroque Revival architecture
Vigeland Museum
Houen Foundation Award
Steinkjer
Buskerud
Ullevaal Stadion
Søren Onsager
Drammen

categories: Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni,Norwegian architects,1962 deaths,People from Stange,1888 births

paragraph: Lorentz Harboe Ree

paragraph: Lorentz Harboe Ree (12 March 1888– 8 March 1962) was a Norwegian architect.

paragraph: Ree was born at Stange in Hedmark, Norway. He graduated from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1915. He first worked as an architectural assistant in Bergen (1916–17). He had his own architectural firm in Kristiania (now Oslo) from 1918. He worked together with Harald Aars (1875–1945) from 1919 and from 1920 with Carl Emil Buch (1892-1968).

paragraph: Most of the buildings he designed were raised in the Oslo districts of Frogner and St. Hanshaugen as well as the neighborhood of Bislett. His style was often in neo-baroque, although he also preferred neo-classic style. His main work was the Vigeland Museum ("Vigeland-museet") for which he was awarded the Houen Foundation Award together with Carl Buch in 1926.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statens Skogskole, Steinkjer (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kinopaléet (1923–24)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nore I kraftverk in Buskerud (1925–26)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ullevål stadion (1925–26)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leiegård, Bygdøy allé 85 (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Villa for Søren Onsager, Sogn hageby (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Townhouse, Ottar Birtings gt. 7–9 (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Townhouse, Majorstuvn. 17 (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leiegård, Gabels gt. 46/Vestheimgt. 6 (1936–37)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leiegård, Frederik Stangs gt. 35 (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drammen gymnas (1954)

description: Norwegian architect

wikidata_label: Lorentz Harboe Ree

wikipedia_title: Lorentz Harboe Ree


text:
Hanau
West Germany
German
racing driver
Formula Renault 3.5 Series
Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
Hockenheimring
2008 Superleague Formula season

wikipedia_title:
Hanau
West Germany
Germany
Auto racing
World Series Formula V8 3.5
Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
Hockenheimring
2008 Superleague Formula season

categories: German racing drivers,Italian Formula Three Championship drivers,Superleague Formula drivers,Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters drivers,1985 births,People from Hanau,Formula 3.5 V8 drivers,Formula 3 Euro Series drivers,Living people

paragraph: Daniel la Rosa

paragraph: Daniel la Rosa (born 10 October 1985 in Hanau, West Germany) is a German racing driver.

paragraph: He has raced in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series and also in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters. He is most well known for getting a podium in the opening round of the 2007 DTM season at the Hockenheimring. He also was a test driver in the 2008 Superleague Formula season. He does not race full-time in motorsport anymore.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete Formula Three Euro Series results.

paragraph: † Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Driver Database information

description: German racing driver

wikidata_label: Daniel la Rosa

wikipedia_title: Daniel la Rosa


href: Thasos Ancient%20Greek%20Olympics Theogenes agora Ancient%20Greek%20Olympics Pythia Nemea Isthmian%20Games Thasos Heracles Glaucias%20of%20Aegina Delphi Thasos

text:
Thasos
Olympian
Theogenes
agora
Olympian
Pythia
Nemea
Isthmian
Thasians
Heracles
Glaucias of Aegina
Delphi
Thasos

wikipedia_title:
Thasos
Ancient Olympic Games
Theogenes
Agora
Ancient Olympic Games
Pythia
Nemea
Isthmian Games
Thasos
Heracles
Glaucias of Aegina
Delphi
Thasos

categories: Greek historical hero cult,Ancient Greek boxers,Ancient Olympic competitors,Ancient Greek runners,Ancient Thasians,Ancient Macedonian athletes,Pankratiasts,5th-century BC Greek people

paragraph: Theagenes of Thasos

paragraph: Theagenes of Thasos () was an ancient Greek Olympian, typically spelled Theogenes before the first century AD.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Son of Timosthenes, Theagenes was renowned for his extraordinary strength and swiftness. At the age of nine, he was said to have carried home a brazen statue of a god from the agora.

paragraph: As he grew up he became distinguished in every kind of athletic contest, and gained numerous victories at the Olympian, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian games. Altogether he was said to have won 1300 crowns. He gained a victory at Olympia in the 75th Olympiad, 480 BC. (Paus. vi. 6. § 5.) The popular story among the Thasians was that Heracles was his father. The story of Theagenes is recounted in the historical novel "The Olympian: A Tale of Ancient Hellas".

paragraph: Section::::Statue and death.

paragraph: A curious story is told by Pausanias about a statue of Theagenes made by Glaucias of Aegina. There was a man on Thasos who had a grudge against Theagenes, and scourged the statue by way of revenge. One night, the statue fell upon this man, killing him.

paragraph: The statue was put on trial for murder and exiled by being thrown into the sea, but was later recovered, because the Delphic oracle had declared that the country would remain in a period of barrenness until they restored the statue of Theagenes. Pausanias mentions having seen many statues of Theagenes among both the Greeks and the Barbarians, (vi. 11. § 9.). The statue in Thasos became the focus of a hero cult and was said to have healing properties.

paragraph: Section::::Modern recognition.

paragraph: The football club of the island, founded in 1969, bears his name (A.O. Theagenes Thasou, Α.Ο. Θεαγένης Θάσου) and its emblem represents the head of Theagenes.

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Olympian: A Tale of Ancient Hellas" by E.S. Kraay,

description: ancient greek boxer

wikidata_label: Theagenes of Thasos

wikipedia_title: Theagenes of Thasos


text: American

text: Irvington-on-Hudson

text: New York

text: New York City

text: Paris

text: Yale University

text: William Kendall

text: Garth Newel

text: Bath County

text: Virginia

text: Newport Art Association

text: National Academy of Design

text: New York Watercolor Club

text: American Federation of Arts

text: Virginia Women in History

text: Christian Herter

text: National Register of Historic Places

categories: 1890 births,20th-century American painters,People from Bath County, Virginia,American women painters,Yale University alumni,Painters from Virginia,1981 deaths,Painters from New York (state),20th-century American women artists,People from Irvington, New York

paragraph: Christine Herter Kendall

paragraph: Christine Herter Kendall (August 25, 1890 – June 22, 1981) was an American painter.

paragraph: Kendall was born in Irvington-on-Hudson, New York, and grew up in a musical and artistic family in New York City. She studied art in that city and in Paris before enrolling at Yale University, from which she earned a BA in 1915. Among her instructors there was William Kendall, whom she would later marry, and with whom she would move to the Garth Newel estate in Bath County, Virginia. William died in 1938, and Christine remained active in the local community, cofounding the Bath County Regional Art Show in 1964. With members of the Rowe String Quartet she established the Garth Newel Music Center in 1973. She bequeathed the house to the music center upon her death.

paragraph: Kendall won a number of awards during her career. These included the popular vote prize from the Newport Art Association in 1915; the second Hallgarten prize from the National Academy of Design in 1916; and a prize from the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1922. She belonged to the latter association and the Newport Art Association, as well as to the New York Watercolor Club, and the American Federation of Arts. She was named one of the Virginia Women in History for 2014. Kendall's first cousin was Christian Herter. Garth Newel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

description: American painter

wikidata_label: Christine Herter Kendall

wikipedia_title: Christine Herter Kendall


text: Communist Party of the Soviet Union

text: Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

text: Agitprop

text: Great Purge

text: Joseph Stalin

categories: Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members,Members of the Orgburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,1896 births,Russian communists,Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union,Bolsheviks,First convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union,Soviet journalists,Great Purge victims from Russia,1938 deaths

paragraph: Aleksei Stetskii

paragraph: Aleksei Ivanovich Stetskii (January 15, 1896 – August 1, 1938) was a Russian journalist and member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the Central Committee elected by the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Orgburo. He was head of the Leninist Culture and Propaganda Department (Agitprop) from February 10, 1934 to May 13, 1935. During the Great Purge, he was arrested on April 26, 1938 on charges of counter-revolution and later executed by firing squad. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Przewodnik po historii Partii Komunistycznej i ZSRR (ros.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://az-libr.ru/index.htm?Persons&0B5/84e77bbb/0001/ceb6f017 (ros.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/martirolog/?t=page&id=17131 (ros.)

description: Soviet journalist (1896-1938)

wikidata_label: Aleksei Stetskii

wikipedia_title: Aleksei Stetskii


text:
koto
Osaka Industrial University
Dixieland jazz
Fumio Nanri
Kenny Dorham
Sadao Watanabe
Nobusuke Miyamoto
Yoku Tamura
Kosuke Mine
Akio Nishimura
ESSG
Masahiko Sato
Mototeru Takagi
Masahiko Togashi
Takashi Kako
Art Farmer
Maynard Ferguson
Noah Howard
Lee Konitz
Steve Lacy
Michel Pilz
Sam Rivers
Thangodeï
World Residents
Barry Kernfeld
The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz

categories: 1941 births,Living people,Japanese jazz trumpeters,Musicians from Kobe

paragraph: Itaru Oki

paragraph: Oki began studying koto as a child, studying under his mother, who was a professional kotoist. He took up trumpet from 1955 and played in high school bands, then enrolled at Osaka Industrial University, where he majored in architecture and concurrently played in Dixieland jazz ensembles.

paragraph: Early in his career, Oki studied under Fumio Nanri, Kenny Dorham, and Sadao Watanabe, and in the 1960s and 1970s played with Nobusuke Miyamoto, Yoku Tamura, Kosuke Mine, and Akio Nishimura. In 1966, he was a cofounder of ESSG, along with Masahiko Sato, Mototeru Takagi, and Masahiko Togashi.

paragraph: In 1974, Oki relocated to Paris, where he played with Japanese expat Takashi Kako and played across Europe with Art Farmer, Maynard Ferguson, Noah Howard, Lee Konitz, Steve Lacy, Michel Pilz, Sam Rivers, and Thangodeï. In 1992 he became a member of the World Residents ensemble.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kazunori Sugiyama and Barry Kernfeld, "Itaru Oki". "The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz", 2nd edn.

description: Japanese jazz musician

wikidata_label: Itaru Oki

wikipedia_title: Itaru Oki


text: Dawat

text: Indian Subcontinent

text: Isma'ili

text: Shia

text: Yemen

text: Fatimid Caliphate

text: Gujarati language

text: Arabic

text: Urdu

text: Persian

text: Perso-Arabic script

text: Alavi Bohras

text: ritual language

text: Da'i al-Mutlaq

text: AH

text: Vadodara

text: Dawoodi Bohras

text: Madrasa

text: Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah

text: Fatimids

text: Ali ibn Abi Talib

text: Muhammad

text: Alavi Bohra

text: Faatemi Imaam

text: Mustansir Billah

text: Mohammad ul-Mustafa

text: Faatemi Empire

text: Maulaai Ahmad

text: Faatemi Imaam

text: Gujarati language

text: Mughals

text: Persian

text: Pidgin language

text: Proto Indo-European language

text: Dawoodi Bohra

text: Da'i al-Mutlaq

text: Sulaymani Bohra

text: Khojki

text: Da'i ul-Mutlaq

text: Sound change

text: historical linguistics

text: Infixation

text: Semitic languages

text: consonant

text: language contact

text: Arabic

text: Old Gujarati language

categories: Dawoodi Bohras,Alavi Bohras,Gujarati language,Ismaili literature

paragraph: Lisan ud-Dawat

paragraph: Lisaan ud-Da'wat (, "Lisan ud-Dawat", "language of the Dawat"; abbreviated LDA) is the language of the Taiyebi Bohras of the Indian Subcontinent, an Isma'ili Shia Muslim community with origins in Yemen and Fatimid Caliphate. It is a dialect of the Gujarati language, but incorporates a heavy amount of Arabic, Urdu, and Persian vocabulary and is written in the Perso-Arabic script. For Alavi Bohras, the second largest sect of Taiyebi Isma'ilis, it was a ritual language, but since the period of their 41st Da'i al-Mutlaq Saiyedna Jivabhai Fakhruddin from 1330 AH (c. 1911 AD) in Vadodara it has also been propagated as the vernacular language, though the version used by the Saiyedna and his assembly members or clergy still differs slightly from the Gujarati spoken by other community members.. The largest Taiyebi Isma'ili sect, the Dawoodi Bohras; however, not only speak the language extensively but also use it as a medium of education in their community Madrasa and Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah Universities.

paragraph: Some key works in Lisan al-Dawat are the translations of the literary masterpieces of Isma'ili literature written during the reign of the Fatimids in Egypt. Some of the nasihats recited regularly by Alavi Bohras are ""Aye Mumino socho zara, duniyaa che aa daar e fanaa"" (O ye believer, this worldly life is but temporary) and ""Khazaano ilm no mushkil-kushaa ni itrat che"" (The treasure of knowledge is the progeny of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the legatee of Muhammad).

paragraph: The speakers of the language look upon Lisan al-Dawat as a bridge for their Gujarati community to Arabic.

paragraph: Section::::Origin.

paragraph: The Alavi Bohra community are a people who believe in Shi'a Isma'ili doctrine, beliefs and tenets. The 18th Faatemi Imaam Maulaana Mustansir Billah (478 AH/1094 AD), from the Aal-progeny Mohammad ul-Mustafa, held the seat of the Faatemi Empire in Egypt and acted as the sole authority of the Shi'a Isma'ili branch of Islam. In his era, Maulaai Ahmad (مولائي احمد), on Mustansir Billah's decree, arrived at the coast of Gujarat (Khambhat) along with a group of traders. His responsibility was to spread Shi'i Islam in the guise of doing trade. At that time, Sidhraj Jaysingh was ruling in Patan-Sidhpur, and a small Isma'ili community was already residing in Gujarat. Many such representatives of Faatemi Imaam were also present in Yemen. Every Isma'ili preacher who came to India after Maulaai Ahmad, either from Egypt or from Yemen, had Arabic as his basic and main language. With the help of Gujarati Isma'ili traders they gradually learnt the local native language to propagate their religion. It also happened that, in order to learn more about their religious teachings, many people from Gujarat migrated to the Da'i (the representative of the Imaam of Egypt) in Yemen. This took place in the 10th century AH/16th century AD. This is where the basic Arabic language of Faatemi Mission first combined with the local Gujarati language, giving birth to a new form of language which got more correlative, complex and comprehensive over time.

paragraph: Section::::Origin.:Language contact of Arabic, Sanskrit, and Gujarati with Persian and Urdu.

paragraph: During the mid-16th century, Mughals invaded India through the Gulf of Khambhat (Cambay), since Khambhat was then the biggest port of India. Mughals came from Persia (Iran) and spoke Persian (Farsi). This was the period when Bohra missionaries practiced and preached their faith openly and the local people felt their presence in Ahmedabad. Thus, the blend of Arabic, Sanskrit, Gujarati and Persian now was the language of the Bohras. Also, Persian art and culture amalgamated with Indian art and culture.

paragraph: With the invasion of the Mughals arose a need for trade and commerce. New trade routes were opened between India and Persia. Along this route, Turkic people also started trade and commerce. They spoke a Persio-Arabic language. The amalgamation of their language with the contemporary language of India gave rise to a new language, a link language called Urdu, due to the mingling of Persian and Hindavi (aam boli). Thus it is a Pidgin language and a part of the Proto Indo-European language family. During this era, in 1621 AD, there was a major schism of succession in Ahmedabad among the Bohras. A major group, the Dawoodi Bohras, seceded from Alavi Bohras who believed in the Da'iship (leadership) of the 29th Da'i al-Mutlaq Saiyedna Ali Saheb, the grandson of the 28th Da'i. Thus, Alavi Bohras maintained their own separate identity from other Bohra groups of Gujarat and Yemen, but the basic language pattern of all the Bohra communities remained unchanged, unlike the Sulaymani Bohras who deviated from the main course to embrace Urdu as their community language.

paragraph: Thus due to these reasons and the migration of the Alavi Bohras from Ahmedabad to Vadodara, they speak a blend of Arabic, Sanskrit, Persian, Urdu, and Khojki. Khojki has a minimal influence on the Alavi Bohra language and Sanskrit vocabulary also gradually degraded due to Gujarati influence on this language. Alavi Bohras read, write and speak an Arabicized form (blended with Arabic vocabulary) of Gujarati called "Lisaan ud-Da'wat il-'Alaviyah", i.e. the "Language of the Guided Mission of Ali" ("Saiyedna and martyr"), which is an amalgamation of Arabic, Urdu and Persian words and written in Arabic script.

paragraph: Today, Alavi Bohras are settled in Baroda (Gujarat) after the migration in 1110 AH (c. 1698 AD) and "Ad-Dawat ul-Hadiyah ul-Alaviyah" – the Rightly Guided Alavi Mission – is the official headquarters of the 45th Da'i ul-Mutlaq.

paragraph: Section::::Sound change and semantic change.:Sound change.

paragraph: Sound change is the most studied area in historical linguistics. Sound tends to change over time and due to contacts with other languages. Sound change also helps to determine whether languages are related.

paragraph: In example i, the sound /p/ in 'pankho', meaning "fan", changes to the sound /f/ in 'fankho', meaning "fan". This change has come due to the interaction of Arabic, as it does not have the sound /p/. A similar case is given in example ii.

paragraph: "Other examples:"

paragraph: In example iii, the retroflex sound /L/ in vaL meaning "hair" changes to the alveolar /l/ in bAl. Similar cases are shown in iv, v and vi. In example vii, the retroflex sound /N/ in 'kAran', meaning "reason", changes to the alveolar sound /n/ in 'kAran'. A similar case is shown in example viii. In example ix, the retroflex sound /D/ in 'pahAD', meaning "mountain", changes to the alveolar sound /r/ in 'pahAr'. Similar cases are shown in examples x and xi. In example xii, the postalveolar sound /S/ in 'kadvAS', meaning "bitterness", changes to the alveolar sound /s/ in 'kadvAs'. Similar cases are shown in examples xiii and xiv.

paragraph: From the above examples iii to xiv, it is observed that all of the retroflex and postalveolar sounds in Standard Gujarati changes to alveolar sounds in Alavi Bohra. This change is again due to the contact of Arabic and Persian, as the later languages do not possess retroflex and postalveolar sounds, thus they are changed to alveolar sounds in LDA.

paragraph: From example i to xiv, it can be observed that, though they have borrowed words from Gujarati, the words are themselves blended with Arabic, Urdu and Persian. Thus, Alavi Bohras use an Arabisized form of Gujarati.

paragraph: In example xv, the mid vowel /a/ in 'cap', meaning "cup", changes to the close-mid vowel /u/ in 'cup', meaning "cup", when followed by a stop, similar to example xvi. In example xvi, the open vowel /A/ in 'barAbar', meaning "proper", changes to the close-mid vowel /o/ in 'barobar' when followed by a stop. The same is the case with examples xvii and xviii, where the close-mid vowel of the end vowel of /o/ changes to /u/. Thus, if open and mid-vowels are followed by a stop/plosive sound, they change to close-mid vowels.

paragraph: In example xix, the close-mid vowel /e/ in 'kem', meaning "why", changes to the close vowel /i/ in 'kim'. Similarly, in example xx, the close mid vowel changes to a close vowel when followed by the nasal sound /m/. In example xxi, the mid vowel /a/ of 'namak', meaning "salt", changes to the close vowel /i/ in 'nimak' when followed by the nasal sound /m/. Also in example xxii, the mid vowel /a/ of 'gaL', meaning "swallow", changes to the close vowel /i/ in 'gil' when followed by the alveolar sound /l/. This means that if the close-mid and mid vowels are followed by a nasal sound /m/ or alveolar sound /l/, the sound changes to a close vowel. Similarly in example xxiii, the close-mid vowel /e/ in 'ketla', meaning "how many/much", changes to the close vowel /i/ in 'kitla'. Similar cases are shown in examples xxiv and xxv. Thus, close-mid and mid vowels change to close vowels when followed by the nasal sound /m/ or alveolar sound /l/ and /t/.

paragraph: Thus, from example xv to xxv, we can observe that the open vowels tend to move towards the close vowels, affecting the Gujarati lexicon.

paragraph: In example xxvi, the consonant sounds /k/ and /y/ of 'kyaare', meaning "when", are separated by the vowel sound /i/, and the consonant sound /v/ is also infixed in 'kiwaare'. Infixation is a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme attaches within a root or stem. Infixation is a very common process in Arabic. Similar cases are shown in examples xxvii and xxviii.

paragraph: A distinctive feature of the Semitic languages is the triliteral or triconsonantal root, composed of three consonants separated by vowels. The basic meaning of a word is expressed by the consonants, and different shades of this basic meaning are indicated by vowel changes. This distinctive feature of Semitic languages may be affecting the Gujarati words in examples xv, xvi, and xix. Thus, this distinctive feature may also be responsible for the vowel changes in examples xv to xix.

paragraph: Hence, from examples i to xxviii, we can observe that, although they have borrowed words from Gujarati, there is an impact of Arabic, Persian and Urdu due to the language contact. Also, we can say that these language contacts are affecting the Gujarati language internally.

paragraph: Section::::Sound change and semantic change.:Vocabulary.:Semantic Change.

paragraph: Semantic change is a change in one of the meanings of a word.

paragraph: In the above example, in standard Gujarati 'rasoi' means "to cook" and 'pakavvu' means "to ripen", and in LDA 'pakavvu' means both "to cook" and "to ripen". 'Pakna' means "to cook" as well as "to ripen" in Urdu. Here the meaning of "to ripen" is extended metaphorically. Metaphor in semantic change involves extensions in the meaning of a word that suggest a semantic similarity or connection between the new sense and the original one. Thus, due to the contact of Urdu and metaphorical extension they have dropped the word 'rasoi' and have adopted the word 'pakAvvu' to explain both the senses of to cook and to ripen.

paragraph: In example ii, like in example i, in Gujarati 'who (nominative)' means "I" and 'me (ergative)' means "I", but in LDA, 'me' means "I" in both the cases. Also, in Urdu Language "mE" and in Persian "man" meaning "I" are used in both the cases. Thus, due to the contact of Urdu and Persian and metaphorical extension they have dropped the word 'who' and have adopted the word 'me' to explain both the senses I (nominative) and I (ergative). Thus, from example i and ii, we can observe the impact of Urdu and Persian on Gujarati through metaphorical extension.

paragraph: Section::::Sound change and semantic change.:Vocabulary.:Semantic borrowing.

paragraph: Semantic borrowing is the process of borrowing the entire semantic meaning from a language. Semantic borrowing occurs when two or more languages come into contact.

paragraph: Thus, from the above examples i to vi, it is observed that Alavi Bohras speak borrowed words from Arabic, Persian and Urdu. Hence, they use a particular form of Gujarati permeated with Arabic, some Persian words, and some Urdu words and write in the Arabic script called Lisaan ud-Da'wat il-'Alaviyah. This unique language makes the Alavi Bohras linguistically different from other Bohra sects.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition.

paragraph: After the 21st Faatemi Imaam Maulaana Taiyeb went into seclusion in 528 AH/1134 CE from Egypt, his deputy, legatee and vicegerent, who is called the Da'i (a spiritual head or a missionary working on the divine command of Imaam in seclusion), started a religious mission in the name of Imaam Taiyeb for the purpose of self-searching and purity wherever Isma'ili-Taiyebi people were staying. This mission came to be known as "ad-Da'wat ul-Haadiyat ut-Taiyebiyah" meaning "The Rightly Guided Mission of Imaam Taiyeb". This religious mission continued in Yemen between 532–974 AH (1138–1567 AD), from the first Da'i Saiyedna Zoeb till the 24th Da'i Saiyedna Yusuf. During this period, as the time demanded and need arose, many Waali-Mullas (the representatives of Da'i who in his absence is entitled to do all religious activities) were appointed to teach in the Madrasah Taiyebiyah all aspects of the religious and social knowledge to the people. At each place where the Isma'ili-Taiyebi community resided, there used to be a learned and pious mulla who conducted various classes of religious teachings with different groups of students under the direct guidance of the Yemeni Da'i. As the Isma'ili-Taiyebis, residing in Gujarat and nearby areas were very enterprising, enthusiastic, progressive and soulfully involved in business and accordingly in their daily affairs and conduct, they were called "Bohras" (excellent or unique community). Because of their lineage to the 21st Imaam Taiyeb, they came to be known as Isma'ili Taiyebi Bohras. In the 9th and 10th century AH, a special delegation used to come to Gujarat from Yemen, where Arabic was in vogue, and teach the local Waali-Mulla by giving necessary instruction from the Da'i, conduct examinations, inspect the madrasahs, and teach Arabic to smart students. Some of these students were sent to Yemen to acquire higher religious education under the inspection of the Da'i himself. This way the trade and social relations between Yemen, Hind and Sindh became stronger and the lingual expressions, dialects and accents of Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Gujarati got mixed together. Keeping the main structure of the Gujarati language intact, normally Arabic, Persian and Urdu words were introduced by the learned people and gradually the community as a whole began using them in their daily and routine conversations.

paragraph: Section::::Writing system.

paragraph: LDA is basically inspired and based on the 28-letter alphabet of Arabic. Because the missionaries had to deal with local people in Gujarat for trade and religious affairs, they included 16 other letters of Gujarati for better communication and expression. LDA thus contained 44 letters. From these, three independent letters, Pe-پ (પ), Che-چ (ચ), and Ghaaf-گ (ગ), are widely used to incorporate Gujarati, Persian and Urdu terminology that cannot be written in the Arabic alphabet. Three other letters modified from Arabic that are used exclusively for Gujarati words are ٹ ,ڈ, and ڑ (ઽ,ટ).

paragraph: Thirteen other letters are from the Haa-ھ family. "Haa" is mixed with different letters to get letters of different languages, such as baa-haa (بھ,ભ), baa-taa (تھ,થ), baa-ţaa (ٹھ,ઠ), pe-haa (پھ,ફ), jeem-haa (جھ,ઝ), che-haa (چھ,છ), daal-haa (دھ,ધ), ďaal-haa (ڈھ,ઙ), kaaf-haa (کھ,ખ), and gaaf-haa (گھ,ઘ).

paragraph: 28 Arabic letters used in LDA:

paragraph: 6 letters of different languages used in LDA:

paragraph: 10 Gujarati letters derived from the Haa (ﻫ) family used in LDA:

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Old Gujarati language

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appel and Muysken. (1987). Language Contact and Bilingualism. U.S.A.: Oxford University Press. Hans Hock, H. and Joseph Brian, D. (1996). Language History; Language Change and Language relationship: An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. New York: Wolter de Groyter, Library of Congress Cataloging in publication data.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campbell, L. (1999). Historical Linguistics: An Introduction. London: Edinburgh University Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bomhard, Allan, R. (1984). Toward Proto-Nostratic: A new approach to the comparison of Proto-Indo European and Proto Afro-Asiatic. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daftary, F. (2007). The Ismailis: Their history and Doctrines. New York: Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daftary, F. (1996). Mediaveal Ismaili History and Thought. New York: Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ismail K. Poonawala - "The Pillars of Islam", Da'aim ul-Islam of al-Qadi al-Nu'man, Oxford University Press, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Da'wat e A'laviyah Personal Library- Files of Letters & Correspondence-1815 AD.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katamba, F. (1993) Morphology, London: The Mac Millan Press Limited.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qaraatis ud-Da'wat il-'Alaviyah, Alavi Library, Vadodara.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website of Alavi Bohras with all Community Events and Activities

wikidata_label: Lisaan ud-Da'wat il-'Alaviyah

wikipedia_title: Lisan ud-Dawat


text:
Springfield, Ohio
New York City
jazz
Lloyd Scott
Pittsburgh
New York City
Savoy Ballroom
Dicky Wells
Frankie Newton
Bill Coleman
Roy Eldridge
Johnny Hodges
Chu Berry
Ellsworth Reynolds
Teddy Hill
Clarence Williams
Teddy Wilson
Billie Holiday
Alberto Socarras
Red Allen
Willie "The Lion" Smith
Hot Lips Page
Art Hodes
Slim Gaillard
Jimmy McPartland
Allmusic

categories: Jazz musicians from Ohio,American jazz bandleaders,20th-century saxophonists,American male saxophonists,1964 deaths,1905 births,20th-century American musicians,American jazz clarinetists,American jazz saxophonists,Male jazz musicians,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Cecil Scott

paragraph: Cecil Scott (November 22, 1905 in Springfield, Ohio - January 5, 1964 in New York City) was an American jazz clarinetist, tenor saxophonist, and bandleader.

paragraph: Scott played as a teenager with his brother, drummer Lloyd Scott. They played together as co-leaders through the end of the 1920s, holding residencies in Ohio, Pittsburgh, and in New York City at the Savoy Ballroom. Among the members of this ensemble were Dicky Wells, Frankie Newton, Bill Coleman, Roy Eldridge, Johnny Hodges, and Chu Berry. Cecil took full control over the group in 1929, though Lloyd continued to manage the group.

paragraph: Scott was hurt badly in an accident in the early 1930s, and his career was temporarily sidelined. After his recovery he played with Ellsworth Reynolds in 1932-33 and then with Teddy Hill (from 1936), Clarence Williams, and Teddy Wilson (1936–37); in the latter gig he accompanied Billie Holiday. In the early 1940s he played with Alberto Socarras, Red Allen, Willie "The Lion" Smith before assembling his own band in 1942, which at times included Hot Lips Page and Art Hodes. He also played with Slim Gaillard later in the 1940s.

paragraph: In 1950 he disbanded the group, and worked with Jimmy McPartland as a sideman. He occasionally led groups and continued to play as a sideman up until the time of his death in 1964. He is credited on some 75 albums.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Cecil Scott] at Allmusic

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Cecil Scott

wikipedia_title: Cecil Scott


text:
Poznań
guitar player
song writer
Polish
Raz, Dwa, Trzy
Zielona Góra Pedagogical University
University of Zielona Góra
Toruń

categories: Polish musicians,1963 births,Polish songwriters,20th-century Polish singers,Musicians from Poznań,20th-century male singers,Male guitarists,Polish guitarists,Polish male singers,Living people

paragraph: Adam Nowak

paragraph: Adam Nowak (born September 28, 1963 in Poznań) is a leader, guitar player and song writer of the Polish music band Raz, Dwa, Trzy. He is a graduate of Zielona Góra Pedagogical University (now the University of Zielona Góra) and currently lives near Toruń with his wife Dorota and four children - two sons and two daughters.

description: Polish musician

wikidata_label: Adam Nowak

wikipedia_title: Adam Nowak


text:
Finnish
gymnast
1936 Summer Olympics
Berlin
horizontal bar
1948 Summer Olympics
London
horizontal bar

categories: Olympic bronze medalists for Finland,Gymnasts at the 1936 Summer Olympics,Olympic gold medalists for Finland,Olympic gymnasts of Finland,Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics,Gymnasts at the 1948 Summer Olympics,Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics,Finnish male artistic gymnasts,Olympic medalists in gymnastics,1913 births,1989 deaths

paragraph: Aleksanteri Saarvala

paragraph: Aleksanteri Saarvala (April 9, 1913 – October 7, 1989) was a Finnish gymnast and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin where he received a gold medal in "horizontal bar", and a bronze medal in "team combined exercises".

paragraph: Section::::1948 Olympics.

paragraph: Saarvala also participated at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, where he finished shared 4th in "horizontal bar", and 17th all-around. The Finnish team won gold medals, but as he was 7th best Finn he did not receive a medal.

description: gymnast

wikidata_label: Aleksanteri Saarvala

wikipedia_title: Aleksanteri Saarvala