text: Major League Baseball

text: manager

text: minor leagues

text: professional baseball in Japan

text: San Francisco, California

text: pitcher

text: San Francisco Seals

text: Triple-A

text: Pacific Coast League

text: New York Yankees

text: Boston Red Sox

text: Curt Fullerton

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Johnny Stuart

text: Philadelphia Phillies

text: Dutch Schesler

text: New York Giants

text: Pacific Coast League

text: outfielder

text: Joc Pederson

text: Frank Demaree

text: Tony Lazzeri

text: platoon player

text: Philadelphia Phillies

text: Chuck Klein

text: batting

text: hits

text: home run

text: runs batted in

text: runs scored

text: Rogers Hornsby

text: 1922 St. Louis Cardinals

text: Bill Terry

text: Brooklyn Robins

text: games played

text: batting average

text: runs scored

text: double

text: triple

text: home runs

text: RBI

text: on-base percentage

text: slugging percentage

text: Joe DiMaggio

text: Hall of Fame

text: New York Yankees

text: Tokyo Giants

text: Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame

text: Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame

text: National Baseball Hall of Fame

text: San Francisco Giants

text: hofbrau

text: Geary Boulevard

text: Bloody Mary

text: Fisherman's Wharf

text: McCovey Cove

text: Oracle Park

text: Lefty O'Doul Bridge

categories: San Francisco Seals (baseball) players,Minor league baseball managers,Sportspeople from San Francisco,Brooklyn Dodgers players,Vancouver Mounties players,Philadelphia Phillies players,Major League Baseball hitting coaches,San Francisco Giants coaches,National League All-Stars,1897 births,New York Yankees players,Baseball players from California,Baseball developers,Des Moines Boosters players,Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame inductees,Boston Red Sox players,American people of Irish descent,Salt Lake City Bees players,1969 deaths,San Francisco Seals (baseball) managers,Major League Baseball left fielders,National League batting champions,New York Giants (NL) players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Brooklyn Robins players,Hollywood Stars players,Oakland Oaks (baseball) managers

paragraph: Lefty O'Doul

paragraph: Francis Joseph "Lefty" O'Doul (March 4, 1897 – December 7, 1969) was an American Major League Baseball player who went on to become an extraordinarily successful manager in the minor leagues. He was also a vital figure in the establishment of professional baseball in Japan.

paragraph: Section::::Player.

paragraph: Born in San Francisco, California, O'Doul began his professional career as a left-handed pitcher with the minor-league San Francisco Seals of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. He had some major-league success with the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox from to as a reliever. He pitched in one notable game on July 7, 1923, that would go down in the record books. Relieving for starter Curt Fullerton, O'Doul gave up 16 runs over 3 innings of relief, with 14 of those runs coming in the 6th inning alone. Although errors committed by Red Sox fielders meant that only 3 of the 16 runs were earned, O'Doul set the major league record for most runs allowed by a reliever in one appearance, a record later equaled by St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Johnny Stuart in 1925 and Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Dutch Schesler in 1931 (although both needed 8 innings to allow 16 runs). Following the season, O'Doul developed a sore arm, which forced him to give up pitching.

paragraph: After the 1923 season, the New York Giants returned O'Doul to the Pacific Coast League, where he was converted to a power-hitting outfielder. In 1927, he became one of what are today four Pacific Coast League hitters to have had a 30 home runs, 30 stolen bases season, along with Joc Pederson (2014), Frank Demaree (1934), and Hall of Famer Tony Lazzeri (1925).

paragraph: O'Doul returned to the majors in 1928, where he batted .319 as a platoon player. In , he was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies and, teaming up with Chuck Klein, had one of the best offensive years in baseball history, leading the league in batting at .398 with 254 hits, 32 home runs, 122 runs batted in, and 152 runs scored. His hit total broke the previous National League record of 250 by Rogers Hornsby of the 1922 St. Louis Cardinals. The record was tied by Bill Terry in .

paragraph: After batting .383 with 22 homers during the 1930 season, O'Doul was traded to the Brooklyn Robins (now the Los Angeles Dodgers). In , he batted .368 for Brooklyn to win another league batting title. After a slow start in , when he batted just .252 through 43 games, O'Doul was again traded, this time back to the Giants. He rallied to hit .306 the rest of the way that season, but played just one more year before ending his career in .

paragraph: In an 11-year major league career, he was in 970 games played, 34 games as a relief pitcher and the rest as an outfielder, posting a .349 batting average (1140-for-3264) with 624 runs scored, 175 doubles, 41 triples, 113 home runs, and 542 RBI. His on-base percentage was .413 and slugging percentage was .532. In seven seasons between 1928 and 1934, when he became a regular outfielder, he hit .353 (1126-for-3192). O'Doul hit over .300 six times, missing only in 1933 when he hit .284 playing with the Dodgers and Giants. He had 200+ hit seasons in 1929, 1930 and 1932. He had six five-hit games between 1929 and 1933, recording two each in 1929 and 1930 with the Phillies and one each in 1931 and 1933 with the Dodgers.

paragraph: Section::::Manager.

paragraph: O'Doul then returned to the Pacific Coast League as manager of the San Francisco Seals from to , later managing several other teams in the circuit and becoming the most successful manager in PCL history. One of his outstanding accomplishments while managing the Seals was developing the young Joe DiMaggio, who went on to a Hall of Fame career with the New York Yankees. O'Doul refused to take credit for DiMaggio's success, saying "I was just smart enough to leave him alone."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: O'Doul was instrumental in spreading baseball's popularity in Japan, serving as the sport's goodwill ambassador before and after World War II. The Tokyo Giants, sometimes considered "Japan's Baseball Team", were named by him in 1935 in honor of his longtime association with the New York Giants; the logo and uniform of the Giants in Japan strongly resemble their North American counterparts.

paragraph: O'Doul was inducted into the San Francisco Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame in 1981 and the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 2002. He has the highest career batting average of any player eligible for the National Baseball Hall of Fame who is not enshrined. His relatively short career as a full-time batter and the fact that his statistics were accumulated during a period of historically high offensive production in the major leagues are factors militating against his selection to the Hall of Fame.

paragraph: O'Doul's fame and popularity live on in his hometown of San Francisco and are enhanced by the fact that his former team now thrives as the San Francisco Giants. The popular hofbrau-style restaurant and bar he founded in 1958 operated for years after his death as Lefty O'Doul's Restaurant and Cocktail Lounge on Geary Boulevard, still serving his original recipe for Bloody Mary (although one news account says it was modified in the 1960s by O'Doul's bartender Chuck Davis). However, a landlord-tenant dispute caused it to close its doors in early 2017. In November of 2018, the restaurant reopened in a new location at Fisherman's Wharf.

paragraph: A bridge over McCovey Cove, near the Giants' home field of Oracle Park, is named the Lefty O'Doul Bridge in his honor. Accordingly, the ballpark plaza and gate entrance adjacent to the bridge are also named after O'Doul.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball batting champions

paragraph: BULLET::::- American expatriate baseball players in Japan

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leutzinger, Richard. "Lefty O'Doul and the Development of Japanese Baseball". "The National Pastime", no. 12 (1992), pp. 30–34. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leutzinger, Richard. "Lefty O’Doul, the Legend That Baseball Nearly Forgot: The Story of the Hall of Fame's Missing Star". Carmel, California: Carmel Bay Publishing Group, 1997. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dobbins, Dick; Twichell, Jon (editor: Rochmis, Jon). "Nuggets on the Diamond, Professional Baseball in the Bay Area from the Gold Rush to the Present". San Francisco, California: Woodford Press, 1994. ; .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Snelling, Dennis. "Lefty O'Doul: Baseball's Forgotten Ambassador". University of Nebraska Press, 2017. ;

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- . The Deadball Era.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Lefty O'Doul

wikipedia_title: Lefty O'Doul


text:
FRS
civil engineer
World War I
Leicester
Switzerland
Royal School of Mines
Murchison medal
Neston
Cheshire
J H Greathead
City & South London Railway
Stockwell
Clapham
LU
Benjamin Baker
Central London Railway
St Mary Woolnoth church
Blackfriars Bridge
David Hay
Mott and Hay
Mott MacDonald
Central London Railway
London Underground
Tyne
Southwark Bridge
Clifford's Tower
York
India
Companion of the Bath
Mersey Tunnel
J. A. Brodie
City of Liverpool
Mott, Hay and Anderson
Institution of Civil Engineers
River Itchen
WW1
Morden
Northern line
Jubilee Bridge
Tees Newport Bridge
Channel Tunnel
baronet
Fellow of the Royal Society

categories: Companions of the Order of the Bath,People from Leicester,Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers,English civil engineers,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,1938 deaths,1859 births

paragraph: Basil Mott

paragraph: Sir Basil Mott, 1st Baronet FRS (16 September 1859 – 7 September 1938) was one of the most notable English civil engineers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was responsible for some of the most innovative work on tunnels and bridges in the United Kingdom in the 40-year period centred on World War I.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Basil Mott was born in Leicester on 16 September 1859. He was educated at the International School, Switzerland and at the Royal School of Mines where he won the Murchison medal in 1879. He was first employed as a mining engineer with the Neston Colliery Co. in Cheshire but in 1886 was invited by J H Greathead to join the staff of the City & South London Railway (C&SLR), for which Greathead was Engineer. His work on the C&SLR gave him a taste for underground construction works that influenced the remaining 40 years of his professional life.

paragraph: He did well at the C&SLR and was promoted, first to resident engineer (RE) for the extension of the C&SLR from Stockwell to Clapham, then to RE for the entire line. After the railway opened in 1890, he was retained as Engineer by the operating company: this gave him the opportunity to develop techniques for carrying out reconstruction works during overnight possessions of the tunnels, techniques which are still used on LU today.

paragraph: Shortly after Greathead's death in October 1896, Benjamin Baker formed a partnership with Mott for the design of the Central London Railway. Their association continued with the extensions and rebuilding on the C&SLR (including the underpinning of St Mary Woolnoth church at Bank) and the widening of Blackfriars Bridge. They worked from the same offices until Baker's death in 1907.

paragraph: Section::::Mott, Hay and Anderson.

paragraph: 1n 1902, Mott formed what turned out to be a lifelong partnership with another protégé of Baker's, David Hay. Subsequently, the partnership of Mott and Hay (now Mott MacDonald) worked on extending the Central London Railway, the building of escalators in London Underground and the construction of the Tyne and Southwark Bridges. It also designed the underpinning required to stabilise Clifford's Tower in York.

paragraph: During the first world war, Basil Mott visited France and India, advising the government on solving engineering problems. He was created a Companion of the Bath (CB) in 1918 in recognition of these services.

paragraph: The Mersey Tunnel, which he worked on between 1922 and 1934, is his most well-known work. From the outset, it was designed on a large scale; it is still the longest, widest road tunnel in Great Britain. Basil Mott was Engineer for the works, in association with J. A. Brodie, Engineer for the City of Liverpool. His partnership (by then named Mott, Hay and Anderson) designed and supervised the construction of the Mersey Tunnel in its entirety.

paragraph: In 1924, he was elected President of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

paragraph: In 1926 he was hired by Southampton council to investigate the various options for building a fixed crossing across the lower River Itchen. Along with proving costs for a tunnel and a high level crossing he recommended a low level opening span bridge.

paragraph: Basil Mott's other post-WW1 works include the extension to Morden of the Northern line, the enlargement of the original C&SLR tunnels from 10' 6" to 11' 8" (using a tunnelling shield which could be worked at night but through which trains could drive during the day), the Jubilee Bridge and work on the Tees Newport Bridge.

paragraph: In 1930, aged 71, he gave evidence to a British government inquiry on the engineering aspects of a proposed Channel Tunnel (which was not built, though Mott, Hay and Anderson designed the bulk of the successful scheme for Channel Tunnel half a century later). In the same year he was created a baronet.

paragraph: In May 1932 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society—a rare honour for a civil engineer.

paragraph: He died on 7 September 1938, in London. The baronetcy is currently held by his grandson, John Mott.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mott, Hay & Anderson, Consulting Civil Engineers", Newman Neame Ltd., 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mott MacDonald, "The Channel Tunnel; A Designer's Perspective", 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greathead, J. H., "The City and South London Railway" – Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol 123, 1895

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mott, B. and Hay, D., "Underground Railways in Great Britain", Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 54, part F: (1905)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, D., "Tube Railway Tunnelling", Transactions of the Liverpool Engineering Society, vol. 45, pp. 201–228

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mersey Tunnels Joint Committee, "The Story of the Mersey Tunnel, officially named Queensway," 1934

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, D., "The Construction of the Mersey Tunnel," Paper 5056, Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers 1935–36, vol. 2, pp 473–544.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Correspondence about "Anderson on Construction of the Mersey Tunnel," Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers 1935–36, vol. 2, pp 649–660.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mott, Hay & Anderson, "Some Recent Tunnelling in Great Britain," The Consulting Engineer, December 1949, pp. 344–351

alias:
Sir Basil Mott
Sir Basil Mott, 1st Baronet
Sir Mott

description: British baronet

wikidata_label: Basil Mott

wikipedia_title: Basil Mott


text: Moià

text: Sant Boi de Llobregat

text: jurist

text: Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Crown of Spain

text: War of the Spanish succession

text: Catalonia

text: Siege of Barcelona

text: La Coronela

text: absolute monarchy

text: George I of Great Britain

text: Catalonia

text: England

text: Treaty of Genoa

text: Lliçà d'Amunt

text: subvegueria

text: Moianès

text: Sometent

text: Francisco Casanova

text: Barcelona

text: Doctor of Law

text: Sant Boi de Llobregat

text: Albert Garcia Espuche

text: Barcelona

text: Charles II

text: Habsburg

text: Philip V

text: War of Spanish Succession

text: Bourbon France

text: Spain

text: Charles of Austria

text: Francisco Velasco

text: Consell de Cent

text: Louis XIV

text: feast of the Holy Cross of Christ

text: John Leake

text: Madrid

text: Battle of Almansa

text: Gibraltar

text: Menorca

text: Kingdom of Castile

text: Peace of Utrecht

text: Barcelona was besieged

text: mayor

text: colonel

text: governor

text: Generalitat of Catalonia

text: George II of Great Britain

text: Catalonia

text: England

text: catalanism

text: Miguel Primo de Rivera

text: Francisco Franco

text: National Day of Catalonia

text: Catalonia

text: FC Barcelona

text: House of Lords

text: Catalan constitutions

text: Generalitat de Catalunya

text: National Day of Catalonia

text: Principality of Catalonia

text: The Case of the Catalans considered

text: The House of Lords and the ‘Case of the Catalans’

text: Personal website of "Jordi Torrades". It talks about the War of the Spanish Succession

text: "La Coronela" of the town of Barcelona

text: The Battle of the 11 of September 1714

text: Rafael Casanova

categories: People from Moianès,Spanish army commanders in the War of the Spanish Succession,History of Barcelona,Spanish generals,Military history of Catalonia,1660 births,1743 deaths

paragraph: Rafael Casanova

paragraph: Rafael Casanova i Comes () (Moià, 1660 – Sant Boi de Llobregat,2 May 1743) was a Catalan jurist, and supporter of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor as a claimant to the Crown of Spain during the War of the Spanish succession. He became mayor of Barcelona and commander in chief of Catalonia during the Siege of Barcelona until he was wounded in combat while commanding La Coronela during the counterattack on the Saint Peter front on the last day of the siege, September 11, 1714. After the war he received a royal pardon for having supported the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne. He recovered from his wounds, and continued his fight against absolute monarchy as a lawyer. It has been claimed that he is the author of the book "Record de l'Aliança fet el Sereníssim Jordi Augusto Rey de la Gran Bretanya" (Remembrance of the Alliance to George I of Great Britain) in which Catalonia reminds England of the Treaty of Genoa and their obligation to Catalonia.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Rafael was born in Moià around 1660 and lived there until he turned 14 years old, his birth home now houses two museums, one which is dedicated to Rafael himself and the other being the "Archaeology and Paleontology Museum - Caves of the Toll of Moià."

paragraph: He was one of eleven children of Rafael Casanova i Solà (1625 - 1682), a landowner of a rural estate in Moià, and Maria Comes i Sors († 1684), from Lliçà d'Amunt. At the time of his birth, the Casanova family enjoyed a solid financial position based on the usage of their land and the trade of grain and wool to supply the powerful textile industry in the subvegueria of Moianès. The Casanovas had a long tradition of participating in public affairs: his father was the head of a Catalan paramilitary organization called Sometent (dissolved 1978) in 1650, Councillor of the People (1652) and the head of the Moianès subvegueria (1659).

paragraph: The inheritance of the family lands was reserved to his brother, Francisco Casanova, as was the lineage itself. Thus, the young Rafael moved to Barcelona to study law, in 1678. At the age of 18 he had achieved a Doctor of Law degree. His father had died in 1682 and his mother two years later, in 1684. Three years after that, in 1687, his older brother Francis was named as an "honorable citizen of Barcelona", as Moiá had the dignity to be the ""street and arm of Barcelona"", that is, the people of Moià enjoyed the same exemptions, rights and privileges as the people of Barcelona, and, were under the jurisdiction of the Councillors of Barcelona.

paragraph: In 1696, with his career established, he married the heiress Maria Bosch i Barba, daughter of Pau Bosch and Maria Barba. The Bosch family were a lineage of apothecaries from Barcelona that had important properties in Sant Boi de Llobregat. Maria Bosch had become the widow of a medical doctor, Josep Campllonch i Puig, with whom she had a son named Josep.

paragraph: In the ""marriage agreement"", it stated that Rafael Casanova would not obtain possession of the assets of the Bosch family, but would only temporarily administrate them while their children remain underage. This way, Rafael Casanova, the young man who came from Moià, economically consolidated his ascending position in Barcelona, while the Bosch family got a son in law to manage their assets.

paragraph: Pau Bosch set a £2,750 dowry for his daughter, adding £2,500 for children born from the marriage, an amount which the Campllonch family possessed and had to return, but failed to do so in full, returning only £759. The newly wed couple went to live in an apartment rented by Rafael, on the street of Banys Nous 16. This house was discovered by the historian, Albert Garcia Espuche, where a newly constructed building stands. In 2014, during the events of the "Tricentenari" (tercentenary) of 1714, Barcelona erected a commemorative plaque.

paragraph: They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francesc (? - 1710)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rafael Casanova i Bosch (March 7, 1701, Barcelona - 1768, Sant Boi de Llobregat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pau (1704 - 1704)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teresa (1704 - 1704)

paragraph: In 1697, Maria Bosch gave Rafael, her husband, new powers to manage the assets of the Bosch family, which were augmented in 1700 by Pau Bosch, her father.

paragraph: On December 29, 1704, Maria Bosch died during childbirth, the newborn twins, Pau and Teresa, died a few days later.

paragraph: Section::::The Spanish Succession.

paragraph: Months later, in November 1700, Charles II died, the last Habsburg Spanish monarch.

paragraph: The Duke of Anjou, a member of the Bourbon dynasty, was appointed as his successor, and who was enthroned by the name of Philip V of Spain.

paragraph: In 1702, the War of Spanish Succession started when the House of Austria, at odds with the will, invaded the Spanish territories in Italy.

paragraph: In 1703, maritime powers, England and Holland joined the House of Austria and declared war against the Two Crowns, Bourbon France and Spain. In Vienna the young archduke Charles of Austria was called for as an alternative candidate to rule Spain.

paragraph: In 1704, Charles moved to Portugal where he sought to recover from the Spanish throne for the Habsburg dynasty. On the other side of the peninsula allies launched an attempted landing in Barcelona with the complicity of a small number of Austrian locals.

paragraph: The plot was discovered and the allied landings failed. The exiled Austrian viceroy of Catalonia, Francisco Velasco was shocked and wanting to avoid any further Austrian conspiracies. Francisco began an indiscriminate repression in Barcelona, and repeatedly violated the constitution of Catalonia. This was a policy that unleashed hatred against, his sovereign, Philip V of Spain.

paragraph: Barcelona was governed by its own citizens, who chose six judges, as directors of Barcelona.

paragraph: These six judges were renewed annually during the feast of St. Andrew, November 30. The election process consisted of Judges being chosen by lot, and by balloting system consisting of a bag in which were placed the names of candidates written on paper, from this bag a child drew the citizens elected to govern the city.

paragraph: The nominee could resign if his judiciary experience was not considered suitable; once appointed they were advised and supervised by the Consell de Cent, the general assembly of citizens.

paragraph: The ministries were assigned based on social classes, with the result that the chief minister candidates in the bag only contained corresponding names of those who had the title of "Honored Citizen", a distinction given to only those locals that were significantly distinguished public service in Barcelona. The sixth chief minister appointment was reserved for merchants, and the Sixth artisans and farmers.

paragraph: This policy worked effectively so lesser known citizens like the tailor Bartomeu Oliver, the sailor Macià Ros, or the barber Pere Torner governed Barcelona, as well as more renowned citizens such as nobleman Ramon de Codina o Antoni de Valencia, the lawyer Gabriel Bòria, the doctor Francesc Orriols and the merchant Jeroni Mascaró.

paragraph: There was a sense of gratitude in governing their own city, and the position was not taken lightly. Once the annual term ended, the judge would return to the ranks of citizenry, resuming the exercise of their professions.

paragraph: The repressive policy of the Viceroy Velasco began raising protests which raged from 1703-1704. Advisers who disagreed with his methods and his violation of the laws, feared that the new Bourbon king of Spain would try to impose the same absolutist politics that his grandfather Louis XIV had applied in France.

paragraph: Section::::War of the Spanish Succession.

paragraph: After years of the Viceroy's outrages, the Barcelona Board resolved to send Pau Ignasi Dalmases to the court of Madrid in order to protest to Philip V himself, about the violations of the Catalan laws that were committed by his viceroy; however, reaching the court the emissary he was arrested and jailed, which again violated the Catalan constitution. Three months later, during the feast of the Holy Cross of Christ, 3 May 1705, a military uprising broke out in Vic Habsburg.

paragraph: Alongside the exiled Austrian leaders, Catalonia signed the Pact of Genoa, a treaty established a military alliance between England and Catalonia.

paragraph: Catalonia pledged to fight for the cause of the claimant to the Spanish throne, Charles of Austria, with military aid from England, who in exchange pledged to defend the Constitution of Catalonia whatever the outcome of the war.

paragraph: Allied troops landed, turning back to Barcelona and then surrounding the city in October 1705. Viceroy Velasco, and the Bourbon garrison that was in Barcelona capitulated.

paragraph: The councilors of the Government of Catalonia and Barcelona received Charles of Austria hailing him as a liberator.

paragraph: Within days, Archduke Charles swore allegiance to the Constitution of Catalonia.

paragraph: Section::::Siege of Barcelona.

paragraph: In November 1705, new citizens were chosen to act as advisers, one of whom, Jacint Lloredà died on January 18, 1706. There was a new drawing on January 25 to appoint his replacement.

paragraph: Luckily it was ruled that the lawyer Rafael Casanova, who was then a widower and was about 46 years old should take his place; in the afternoon of that day two emissaries of the city announced his appointment.

paragraph: Two days later, having closed its professional affairs, the city council sent Baltasar de Luna and Antonio Valencia to take the oath.

paragraph: On January 28, Dr. Rafael Casanova went to the City Hall where he was received by the clerk and other officials of the Hundred.

paragraph: From there they accompanied him to the chapel where he prayed, then entered the hall where he was received by all other directors and entered the chapel where they heard mass.

paragraph: Finally they returned to the room where the council oath as Chief Casanova third in Barcelona.

paragraph: Meanwhile, Philip V was preparing an offensive to retake the city.

paragraph: The ministers of Charles of Austria were in favor of leaving Barcelona to avoid being captured should the city surrender, but Barcelona's councilors pressured them to stay.

paragraph: On 30 March 1706, the Minister Rafael Casanova addressed Charles of Austria on behalf of the city offering the sacrifice of the lives of the locals in their defense, and finally on April 2 the king issued a statement agreeing to stay in Barcelona to resist the attack.

paragraph: The next day the troops of Philip V, surrounded the city starting Bourbon siege.

paragraph: On April 15, they began bombing the inner city with firebombs and then undertaking operations aimed at the conquest of the fortress of Montjuic from which, once taken, they could force the surrender of the capital.

paragraph: On April 21, the troops of Philip V had taken positions near the fort and began to harass her. Then the rumor spread among the locals that the British troops had agreed to surrender Montjuic.

paragraph: The rumor caused the outbreak of a general mutiny and a group of extremists began to touch the alarm bells summoning the locals fight to prevent the surrender, the Minister-in-Chief Francis tried to stop the alarm but fell during the riots and was killed.

paragraph: With the city under fire and making chaos of the municipal government, the Second Minister Francesc Gallart, the lawyer, and the third chief counsel Rafael Casanova gave Directives to restore order and the government of the city, while reinforcing the defenses of Montjuïc.

paragraph: However, nothing seemed to stop the progress the Bourbon troops were making, and fear rose of the imminent collapse of Montjuic and Barcelona.

paragraph: However, on May 8, the English fleet commanded by Admiral John Leake was glimpsed on the horizon. The sight of the fleet caused the Bourbon troops to break ranks, and retreat hastily, abandoning their wounded, their supplies and artillery.

paragraph: Barcelona had been released from the siege and the Bourbon troops who failed to secure their supply lines in their advance, had to flee to France.

paragraph: Months later, inquiries were made about what happened during the assault on Mont Juic; the Second Minister Francesc Gallart, who before the war had shown sympathy Philip, was removed from the lists of candidates for public office, and then banished from the city.

paragraph: Conversely, 6 February 6, 1707 Charles of Austria was rewarded the Third Minister Rafael Casanova with the title "Honored Citizen of Barcelona" and he was honored for his performance at the head of the city government during the siege.

paragraph: Section::::After siege.

paragraph: With his new position as the Honoured Citizen, Rafael Casanova reached the political pinnacle of Barcelona.

paragraph: From that year he attend all meetings of the Hundred, and his name became part of the exclusive list of people who could be drawn to become chief minister of Barcelona, which took place the in 1713.

paragraph: Also in 1708, in recognition of his prestige and reputation, Rafael Casanova was one of the designated representative, with Manuel de Ferrer i Sitges and Cristòfor Lledó i Carreras, from Barcelona, that queen Elizabeth received during the wedding ceremony with King Charles of Austria.

paragraph: Late in 1708 his in-law Paul Bosch died, having all predeceased her children and leaving three grandchildren: Francisco Casanova and Bosch, and Rafael Casanova Bosch, and Josep Campllonch Garza, son of the first marriage his dead daughter.

paragraph: Leave it as universal heir heritage Francisco Casanova Bosch, leaving as the second heir to his younger brother Rafael if the first died childless, and finally determined that the legacy by his grandson Joseph Garza was Campllonch 3000 Barcelona pounds.

paragraph: In the year 1709, Campllonch demanded full payment of £3,000, while Casanova defended the patrimony of his children recalling that Campllonch had received 2,750 pounds and 2,500 pounds of dowry increase, which had only 750 pounds back, when the second marriage of his mother Mary Bosch, reason 3,000 pounds of legacy claiming Campllonch were settled.

paragraph: The disagreement will would lead to a lengthy legal dispute that lasted until 1744 .

paragraph: After the siege of Barcelona 1706, Austrian troops advanced without opposition to conquer Madrid, but withdrew soon after when the troops of Philip V, reinforced in France, crossed the border.

paragraph: They continue advancing until the Battle of Almansa.

paragraph: After a failed peace treaty in 1709, Austrian troops launched a new offensive which culminated in 1710 with the capture of Madrid again.

paragraph: Forced to leave the city before the arrival of French reinforcements, in 1711.

paragraph: In September 1711 that year Archduke Charles left the peninsula heading to Vienna to take the Holy Roman Empire.

paragraph: In 1712, Rafael Casanova and Manuel de Ferrer i Sitges, attended a conference where they negotiated political situation in Catalonia.

paragraph: The year 1713, began formally in the Dutch city of Utrecht peace talks between major powers. Initially the ambassadors of Emperor Charles VI insisted that the Principality of Catalonia beibg elevated to the status of an independent republic.

paragraph: However, after Philip V renounced the throne of France (Article 2), the Gibraltar (Article 10) and Menorca (Article 11), and commercial advantages granted to the Indians (Article 12), the English yield to Philip V on 14 May 14, 1713, to recognize him as legitimate king of Spain, although the deal remained secret until 13 July 1713.

paragraph: For his part Philip V pledged in Article 13 of the Treaty of Utrecht, to grant the Catalans amnesty, but only the same rights and privileges that the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Castile.

paragraph: The Article was supposed de facto repeal of the Constitution of Catalonia, as he had done previously with Aragon and Valencia, and devoting the abolition of laws, rights and government of all states the Crown of Aragon, which thereafter would come under laws and government of the Council of Castile.

paragraph: British ships began shortly after the evacuation of the last remaining Allied troops in Catalonia, enabling the rapid advancement of the Bourbons toward Catalonia in Barcelona.

paragraph: Section::::Catalonia declares war: the siege of Barcelona.

paragraph: After the Peace of Utrecht (1713) he participated in the Parliament in which Catalonia proclaimed the continuation of the war in defense of their constitutions the on 6 July 1713. While Barcelona was besieged by Bourbon troops, he was proclaimed "Conseller en Cap" (mayor) of Barcelona on November 30, 1713, and by virtue of their functions he was also colonel of the regiment of the milícia citizen, governor of Barcelona and the fortress of Montjuïc, as well as member of the Veinticuatrena Board of Government.

paragraph: On February 26, 1714, Rafael Casanova became the highest military and political authority in Catalonia, when the Generalitat of Catalonia gave him all the military powers and also was named President of the ninth Board of war. It ruled the city until he was wounded in combat when commanding a counterattack of the Barcelona milícia at the San Peter front on the last day of siege, September 11, 1714. Having capitulated the city, the institutions of self-government of Catalonia were abolished and Rafael Casanova was cleared of its political and military positions. After the defeat their assets were seized, being amnestied years later to return to practice as a lawyer in Barcelona until shortly before his death. He maintained contact with several that had been leaders of the city during the siege, as well as with the exiles in the Austrian Empire, and is credited with the authorship of a public manifesto addressed to king George II of Great Britain remembering the alliance between Catalonia and England which was published in 1736, the "twenty-second year of our slavery". Rafel Casanova died in 1743 and two years after, the English historian Tindal wrote in 1745:

paragraph: Section::::Homage to Rafael Casanova.

paragraph: His figure has become an icon of catalanism, regarding him as one of their great Patriots. A hundred and fifty years after the end of the war (in 1863), the city of Barcelona dedicated a street to Rafael Casanova; In 1888 again the municipal consistory honored his memory by erecting a statue in his honor as "the last 'Conceller in Cap', shot in this city brandishing the flag of Santa Eulalia in defense of the Catalan institutions". From that year the monument to Rafael Casanova became a place to call for the return of Catalan freedom and institutions of self-governance, especially when these were abolished during the dictatorship of the general Miguel Primo de Rivera, who also prohibited paying tribute to Rafael Casanova, and again abolished during the dictatorship of the general Francisco Franco, when the statue was also withdrawn. Since the restitution in 1977 of the monument in honor of Rafael Casanova, it was placed near where he fell wounded in battle fighting against the absolutist troops. One of the traditional acts of the National Day of Catalonia is that carried out by the Catalan institutions, most of the Catalan political forces, and representatives of major cultural, social and sports associations from Catalonia like FC Barcelona, who present wreaths and floral decorations at the foot of the monument. It is also remembered what was said in 1715 in House of Lords.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalan constitutions

paragraph: BULLET::::- Generalitat de Catalunya

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Day of Catalonia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Principality of Catalonia

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Various Authors (2006): "Catalunya durant la Guerra de Successió". Barcelona: Ara Llibres

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baker, J: "Deplorable History of the Catalans : from their first engaging in the war, to the time of their reduction with the motives, declarations, and engagements, on which they first took arms, the letters, treaties, ...". London, 1714

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baker, J: "The Case of the Catalans considered". London, 1714

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manonelles, M.: "The House of Lords and the ‘Case of the Catalans’"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serret, C. (1996): "Rafael Casanova i Comes, Conseller en Cap". San Baudilio de Llobregat: Ayto. de San Baudilio de Llobregat.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal website of "Jordi Torrades". It talks about the War of the Spanish Succession

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Coronela" of the town of Barcelona

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Battle of the 11 of September 1714

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rafael Casanova

alias:
Rafael Casanova i Comes
Rafael Casanova y Comes

description: Catalan lawyer and politician

wikidata_label: Rafael Casanova

wikipedia_title: Rafael Casanova


text: Japanese occupation of the Philippines

text: World War II

text: Villa de Arevalo, Iloilo City

text: Colegio de San Juan de Letran

text: University of Santo Tomas

text: Federal Republic of the Visayas

text: provinces

text: Iloilo

text: Capiz

text: Antique

text: Philippine-American War

text: American Colonial Era

text: Bureau of Justice

text: Attorney General of the Philippines

text: Manuel Araullo

text: Philippine Commonwealth

text: Manuel L. Quezon

text: Ramon Avancena National High School

categories: 1872 births,1957 deaths,Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni,University of Santo Tomas alumni,Visayans,People from Iloilo City,Unofficial Vice Presidents of the Philippines,Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines,Filipino collaborators with Imperial Japan

paragraph: Ramón Avanceña

paragraph: Ramón Quimson Avanceña (born Ramón Avanceña y Quimson; April 13, 1872 – June 12, 1957) was a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He served from 1925 to 1941, when he resigned at the beginning of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II. He was from Villa de Arevalo, Iloilo City

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: He earned his Bachelor of Arts at Colegio de San Juan de Letran and Bachelor of Laws at University of Santo Tomas.

paragraph: Ramón Avanceña served as a legal adviser to the Federal Republic of the Visayas, the revolutionary government of provinces of Iloilo, Capiz and Antique, and was chosen to negotiate with the American forces on Panay during the Philippine-American War.

paragraph: During the American Colonial Era, he was appointed as assistant attorney in the Bureau of Justice. In 1905 he was appointed auxiliary judge. He was Attorney General of the Philippines from 1914 until 1917, when he was appointed to the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice. Upon the death of Manuel Araullo in 1924, he succeeded as Chief Justice, but he had to wait until 1925 to be formally appointed.

paragraph: He was supposed to join Philippine Commonwealth president Manuel L. Quezon in exile during the onset of the Japanese Occupation, but worried that he would not be together with his family, he decided to stay put.

paragraph: His sons, José. Alberto and Jesús, became practicing attorneys.

paragraph: The Ramon Avancena National High School in Villa de Arevalo, Iloilo City and Ramon Avancena High School in Quiapo, Manila are named after him.

paragraph: He became the Philippine Vice President of the Second Republic (Japanese Sponsored)together with Benigno Aquino Sr.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cruz, Isagani A. (2000). "Res Gestae: A Brief History of the Supreme Court". Rex Book Store, Manila

description: Filipino judge

wikidata_label: Ramón Avanceña

wikipedia_title: Ramón Avanceña


text:
Nazi régime
Folkwang University of the Arts
Würselen
applied arts
Aachen
RWTH Aachen University
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf
Richard Langer
Bonn
Cologne
Reichskulturkammer
Nazi Party
Paul Otto August Baumgarten
Waldbühne
1936 Summer Olympics
Arno Breker
Deutsche Oper
Wagner
Beethoven
Josef Thorak
Messe Berlin
Ahlen
Stralsund
Hölderlin
Tübingen
Albert Speer
Gottbegnadeten list
Bielefeld
Golden Mile prisoner-of-war camp
Remagen
linseed oil
Folkwang University of the Arts
Euskirchen
Düren
Tree of Jesse
Folkwang Museum
North Rhine-Westphalia

categories: 1901 births,People from Würselen,20th-century German sculptors,German male sculptors,1977 deaths

paragraph: Adolf Wamper

paragraph: Adolf Wamper (23 June 1901 – 22 May 1977) was a German sculptor. Most of his works were figural, with some in an abstract realist style. During the 1930s he produced monumental sculptures for the Nazi régime; after World War II he taught at the Folkwang University of the Arts.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Adolf Wamper was born in Grevenberg in what is now the town of Würselen, one of five sons raised by their mother, Anna Maria, after their father, Franz Josef Wamper, died in a mining accident in 1907. He was raised Roman Catholic. After finishing school he trained in business and went to work for the Eschweiler Bergwerks-Verein, a leading coal producer. He studied drawing and in 1923 enrolled in the "Handwerker- und Kunstgewerbeschule", a school of applied arts in Aachen. He also attended classes for two years at the Aachen Technical University, now RWTH Aachen University. From Aachen he transferred to the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he passed his qualifying examinations in 1927 and continued for two further years as an advanced student under Richard Langer. He lived in a studio residence in Düsseldorf until 1931. During this time he was already participating in competitions; in 1928 he won the commission to design a monument to be placed in the honorary cemetery for World War I soldiers in Bonn. He exhibited in Cologne in 1930 and at the Reiff Museum in Aachen in 1931. In 1932 he travelled briefly to France and Spain to study art, exhibiting in Paris and Barcelona.

paragraph: Section::::Third Reich.

paragraph: Wamper joined the regional affiliate of the Reichskartell der bildenden Künste, a precursor organisation of the Reichskulturkammer, in 1928; it was superseded by the latter in September 1933 after the Nazis came to power. He joined the Nazi Party on 1 May 1933. He moved to Berlin in 1935, when he was 34, and collaborated with the architect Paul Otto August Baumgarten on the design for the Charlottenburg opera house. He received his first commission for monumental sculpture in 1935, for the two pairs of figures in relief flanking the entrance to the Dietrich-Eckart-Bühne open-air theatre, now the Waldbühne, on the grounds of the 1936 Summer Olympics. On the left, representing "Fatherland Celebration", male nudes hold a sword and a spear, a pairing that was to be used more famously by Arno Breker; on the right, representing "Artistic Celebration", female nudes hold a laurel wreath and a lyre; the intent was to show the kinship between ancient Greek and Germanic culture. Also in 1935, he married Maria Elisabeth Haack, a dentist, and was also involved in the renovation of the Deutsche Oper building, which had become the property of the state and was redesigned to better suit Nazi tastes; he was responsible for the ceiling and for busts of Wagner and Beethoven for the foyer.

paragraph: Although he was not in the first rank of officially approved sculptors, such as Breker and Josef Thorak, Wamper continued to receive state commissions until the end of the Nazi period. For example, he created two pairs of figures for the entrance to the Messe Berlin, "Agriculture and Handwork" and "Industry and Commerce" (removed in 1978) and reliefs for the Reichsgetreidestelle on Fehrbelliner Platz (destroyed). He also designed a monument in bronze of two warriors for the town of Ahlen, a terracotta relief of "Hercules and Hydra" for the naval hospital in Stralsund and a statue of Hölderlin for the Hölderlin Society in Tübingen. His "Genius of Victory" was included in the Great German Art Exhibition of 1940; depicting a nude young man with upraised sword, an eagle at his feet, it has been cited as an example of the fascist use of the male body as a symbol of Social Darwinist truth. In 1941 he exhibited "The Seasons", a group of four female figures. He was one of 23 sculptors listed in 1940 to work on the reshaping of Berlin under Albert Speer, and in 1944 was placed on the Gottbegnadeten list of artists exempt from military service. He was nonetheless called up in March 1945. (His studio and residence had both been destroyed by bombing and he and his wife had left Berlin for Heepen, now in Bielefeld.) A month later he was captured by U.S. forces and interned at the Golden Mile prisoner-of-war camp at Remagen. While there he used camp mud coated with linseed oil to create the "Black Madonna of Remagen", which he gave to the priest in the Kripp section of the town; a facsimile now stands in the Black Madonna Chapel opened in 1987 to commemorate those who died in the camp.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war.

paragraph: Released in July 1945, Wamper worked with a few students in a small studio in Bielefeld and resumed exhibiting in 1948. Through an acquaintance, Hermann Schardt, who became director there, he was appointed head of the sculpture department at Folkwang University of the Arts in late 1948; he continued to work there until 1970. After the war his work moved away from the monumental, but remained rooted in figurative realism. He created numerous public works, including many for schools, a 1952 relief for the district administration building in Euskirchen, and the "Angel of the Flames" in front of the town hall in Düren, commemorating the bombing of 16 November 1944. In Essen, his work includes reliefs at the opera house and the entrance to the memorial hall at the Southwest Cemetery; the Market Fountain in the Rüttenscheid section and the monument to the 1963 German Gymnastics Festival are both city landmarks. He also created the font, altar of the Virgin, and a reredos depicting the Tree of Jesse for the Church of the Birth of the Blessed Virgin (St. Mariä Geburt) in the Frohnhausen section of Essen.

paragraph: On the occasion of his 65th birthday in 1966, the Folkwang Museum honoured him with an exhibition of sculptures and drawings; on his retirement, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia bestowed the title of professor on him.

paragraph: He died in Essen in 1977 and was buried with his wife in the Huttrop section; however, the gravesite has been cleared and the reclining sculpture of the couple which marked it has been moved to another location.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelm Westecker. "Adolf Wamper" in "Künstler des Ruhrlandes", Essen: Hellweg, 1954. . pp. 95–96.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Thoms. "Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung München 1937–1944. Verzeichnis der Künstler in zwei Bänden" Volume II "Bildhauer". Berlin: Neuhaus, 2011. .

description: German sculptor

wikidata_label: Adolf Wamper

wikipedia_title: Adolf Wamper


text:
Merovingian
king of Austrasia
roi fainéant
mayor of the palace
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Dagobert I
King of the Franks
Saint Amand
Orléans
Charibert II
King of Aquitaine
Pepin of Landen
mayor of the palace
Austrasia
Chlotar II
king of Austrasia
Adalgisel
Bishop of Cologne
Saint Cunibert
Neustria
Clovis II
mayor of the palace
roi fainéant
Merovingian dynasty
Grimoald
Duchy of Thuringia
Duke Radulph
Chronicle of Fredegar
monastery of Stavelot-Malmedy
Saint Martin
Metz
relics
Nancy Cathedral
saint
Catholic Church
feast day
patron saint
Childebert
Dagobert II
Bilichild
Chlothar III
Childeric II
Clovis III

categories: Medieval child rulers,656 deaths,Merovingian kings,7th-century rulers in Europe,Frankish warriors,630 births,Christian royal saints,7th-century murdered monarchs

paragraph: Sigebert III

paragraph: Sigebert III ( 630–656) was the Merovingian king of Austrasia from 633 to his death around 656. He was described as the first Merovingian "roi fainéant" —do-nothing king—, in effect the mayor of the palace ruling the kingdom throughout his reign. However he lived a pious Christian life and was later sanctified, being remembered as Saint Sigebert of Austrasia in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Sigebert was born in 630 as the eldest son of Dagobert I, King of the Franks, and his concubine Ragnetrude. The king recalled and made peace with Saint Amand, who was previously banished for criticizing the king's vices, and asked him to baptize his new-born son. The ceremony was performed at Orléans and Charibert II, Dagobert's half-brother who was King of Aquitaine at the time, was the god-father. Dagobert assigned the education of Sigebert to Pepin of Landen, who was the mayor of the palace in Austrasia under his father Chlotar II, until 629. Pepin took the young Sigebert and moved with him to his domains in Aquitane, where they stayed the next three years.

paragraph: In 633, a revolt of the nobles forced Dagobert to make the three-year old Sigebert king of Austrasia, similar to how his father Chlotar II had made him king of Austrasia in 623. However, he refused to give the power to Pepin of Landen by making him mayor of the palace for the child-king. Instead he had put Sigebert under the tutelage of Adalgisel as mayor of the palace and the Bishop of Cologne Saint Cunibert as regent, while keeping Pepin in Neustria as hostage. In 634 Dagobert's second son, Clovis II, was born, and the king forced the nobles to accept him as the next king of Neustria and Burgundy, setting up a new division of the empire.

paragraph: On the death of Dagobert in 639, the two Frankish kingdoms became independent once again under Sigebert III and Clovis II. Both kingdoms were under child-kings – Sigebert was around eleven years old and Clovis was five – and were ruled by the respective regents. It was under Seigbert's reign that the mayor of the palace began to play the most important role in the political life of Austrasia, and he has been described as the first "roi fainéant"—do-nothing king—of the Merovingian dynasty. Pepin replaced Adalgisel as mayor of the palace of Austrasia in 639 but died the following year, in 640, and was replaced by his son Grimoald.

paragraph: In 640 the Duchy of Thuringia rebelled against Austrasia in the only war of Sigebert's reign. Grimoald allowed the young king to stand at the head of the army trying to quell the rebellion, but was defeated by Duke Radulph. The "Chronicle of Fredegar" records that the rout left Sigebert weeping in his saddle.

paragraph: Though ineffective as a king, Sigebert had become a pious adult under the tutelage of Pepin and later Saint Cunibert and lived a life of Christian virtue. He used his wealth to establish numerous monasteries, hospitals, and churches, including the monastery of Stavelot-Malmedy.

paragraph: Sigebert III died of natural causes on 1 February 656 at age 25. He was buried in the Abbey of Saint Martin near Metz which he had founded. In 1063 his body, found incorrupt, was taken out of the tomb and moved to the side of the altar. The abbey was demolished in 1552 and the relics were moved to the Nancy Cathedral. Sigebert III is revered as a saint by the Catholic Church with his feast day on 1 February. He is the patron saint of Nancy.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage, Children and Succession.

paragraph: The Mayor of the Palace Grimoald managed to convince the young Sigebert, who was childless at the time, to adopt as his heir Grimoald's son Childebert. However, the king married Chimnechild of Burgundy and had a son of his own, the future king Dagobert II. He also had a daughter, Bilichild, the future Queen of Neustria and Burgundy.

paragraph: In 656, after the death of Sigebert, Grimoald attempted to usurp the throne of Austrasia and had the young Dagobert (who was seven years old at the time) tonsured and sent to a monastery in Ireland. Grimoald's son Childebert the Adopted was proclaimed King of Austrasia in 656, but the reign was short-lived as he was deposed after seven months in 657 and both he and his father were killed in a revolt.

paragraph: Austrasia next passed under the rule of the children of Sigebert's brother Clovis II for a period. Chlothar III, the elder son of Clovis II, became the king of Austrasia in 657. The next year, in 658, he also became King of Neustria and Burgundy upon the death of his father, thus temporarily reuniting the Frankish kingdoms under one rule. A few years later however, the Austrasian nobility again pressed successfully for the kingdoms to be separated. As a result, Childeric II, the younger brother of Chlotar III, became king of Austrasia from 662 to his death in 675. The nobles had put on the throne Clovis III, about whom not much is known, but his reign was short. One year later, in 676, Dagobert II, Siegbert's son, was recalled from Ireland and took his father's throne after approximately 20 years in exile.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. P. Vincent, "Histoire fidelle de st Sigisbert: XII roy d'Austrasie et III du nom; avec un abrégé de la vie du roy Dagobert, son fils: le tout tiré des antiquités austrasiennes"

description: King of Austrasia

wikidata_label: Sigebert III

wikipedia_title: Sigebert III