text:
Bankston, Iowa
American football
offensive lineman
New England Patriots
2007 NFL Draft
college football
Iowa
New York Jets
Indianapolis Colts
Western Dubuque High School
Epworth, Iowa
Jets
Colts

wikipedia_title:
Bankston, Iowa
American football
Lineman (gridiron football)
New England Patriots
2007 NFL Draft
College football
Iowa Hawkeyes football
New York Jets
Indianapolis Colts
Western Dubuque High School
Epworth, Iowa
New York Jets
Indianapolis Colts

categories: American football offensive guards,People from Dubuque County, Iowa,American football centers,New York Jets players,1983 births,Indianapolis Colts players,New England Patriots players,Living people,Iowa Hawkeyes football players

paragraph: Mike Elgin

paragraph: Mike Elgin (born October 15, 1983 in Bankston, Iowa) is a former American football offensive lineman. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the seventh round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at Iowa.

paragraph: Elgin has also been a member of the New York Jets and Indianapolis Colts.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: He attended Western Dubuque High School in Epworth, Iowa.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Elgin was released on September 1. He was then signed to the Jets' practice squad after clearing waivers. Elgin was released from the Jets on October 4, 2007. He was signed to the Colts' practice squad on November 15.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indianapolis Colts bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iowa Hawkeyes bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- New England Patriots bio

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Mike Elgin

wikipedia_title: Mike Elgin


text:
Brittany
Sainte-Tréphine
Côtes-d'Armor
Kan ha diskan
Erik Marchand
Breton language
Festoù Noz
Tréméven
Dastum
ba.fnu
Official website
Personal blog

categories: Breton-language singers,Breton musicians,1957 births,20th-century French singers,20th-century male singers,2019 deaths,French male singers,21st-century French singers,People from Côtes-d'Armor

paragraph: Yann-Fañch Kemener

paragraph: Yann-Fañch Kemener (April 7, 1957 – March 16, 2019) was a traditional singer from Brittany, born in Sainte-Tréphine (Côtes-d'Armor), France.

paragraph: He took part in reviving "Kan ha diskan" () in the 1970s and 1980s, especially with Erik Marchand. He collected songs from the oral tradition in the Breton language.

paragraph: He sang in numerous Festoù Noz.

paragraph: Kemener died in Tréméven on March 16, 2019 at age 61.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants profonds et sacrés de Bretagne", 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants profonds et sacrés de Bretagne 2", 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants profonds et sacrés de Bretagne 3", 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kan ha diskan", 1982, with Marcel Guilloux

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants profonds et sacrés de Bretagne 4", 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants profonds de Bretagne", 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dibedibedañchaou", 1987, edited again by Dastum in 1999 (small songs for children in Breton language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gwerziou et soniou", 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ec'honder", 1989, in Barzaz band

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants profonds de Bretagne", 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un den kozh dall", 1992, in Barzaz band

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roue Gralon Ni Ho Salud ", 1993, with Anne Auffret

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants profanes et sacrés de Bretagne - Roue Gralon ni ho salud", 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enez eusa", 1995, with Didier Squiban

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ile-exil", 1996, with Didier Squiban

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Karnag / Pierre Lumière,", 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carnet de route", 1996 (collected amongst old people)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kan ha diskan", 1997, with Valentine Collecter, Erik Marchand, Marcel Guilloux, Annie Ebrel, Claudine Floc'hig, Patrick Marie, Ifig Troadeg

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kimiad", 1998, with Didier Squiban

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Barzaz Breiz", 1999, with La Maîtrise de Bretagne

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Eur Glaz", 2000, with Aldo Ripoche

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An dorn", 2004, with Aldo Ripoche

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dialogues", 2006, with Aldo Ripoche and Florence Pavie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Si je savais voler, chants de Bretagne et d'Occitanie", 2010, avec Laurent Audemard, François Fava and Renat Sette

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Requiem d'Anne de Bretagne", 2011, on a cd with a recording of a Renaissance Requiem, with Ensemble Doulce Mémoire and Denis Raisin-Dadre

paragraph: BULLET::::- "YFK~2016", 2016, with band ba.fnu

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal blog

description: traditional singer

wikidata_label: Yann-Fañch Kemener

wikipedia_title: Yann-Fañch Kemener


text:
Notabile
Rabat
Maltese
Naples
Conservatory of San Onofrio
St. Paul's Cathedral, Mdina
Knights of St. John
St. John's Co-Cathedral
Valletta
Metastasio
La Passione di Gesù Cristo
Manoel Theatre
Nicolas-Étienne Framery
cantata
opera buffa
oratorio
libretto
Pietro Metastasio
Maîtrise des Bouches du Rhône

categories: 19th-century classical composers,People from Rabat, Malta,Male classical composers,1809 deaths,People from Mdina,1748 births,18th-century classical composers,19th-century Maltese people,18th-century Maltese people,Maltese classical composers,Music theorists,19th-century male musicians

paragraph: Francesco Azopardi

paragraph: Francesco Azopardi (or Azzopardi) (Notabile, May 5, 1748 – Rabat, Feb. 1809) was a Maltese composer and music theorist.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Azopardi received his musical training in Malta and during his stay from 1763 to 1774 in Naples at the Conservatory of San Onofrio under Carlo Cotumacci and Joseph Doll. He worked at St. Paul's Cathedral, Mdina, and, from 1789 following the Napoleonic invasion and flight of the Knights of St. John, combined his responsibilities at Mdina with those at St. John's Co-Cathedral in Valletta. One of his successes was a setting of Metastasio's libretto "La Passione di Gesù Cristo" he conducted at the Manoel Theatre in Valletta in 1782.

paragraph: He is known especially through his work "Il Musico Prattico", which appeared in French translation by Nicolas-Étienne Framery.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Secular music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Malta felice" (cantata, 1775)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La magica lanterna" (opera buffa, 1791)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Sacred vocal music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La passione di Cristo" (oratorio, libretto by Pietro Metastasio, 1782, 1802)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Various masses composed between 1768 and 1806

paragraph: BULLET::::- Various sacred works composed between 1772 and 1796

paragraph: BULLET::::- Songs, hymns and psalms composed between 1772 and 1807

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Instrumental music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Overture for 2 oboes, 2 violins, 2 horns, bass, and organ (1782)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sinfonia for 2 oboes, 2 violins, 2 violas, horn and basso continuo (1797)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sinfonia for oboe obbligato, oboe, 2 violins, 2 horns and basso continuo (1799)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Treatises.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Il musico prattico"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dissertazione sulla risoluzione della quinta falsa in 6/4 rivolto dell'armonia di 5/3"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dissertazione sulla musica greca"

paragraph: Section::::Selected recordings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les manuscrits de Malte 3 – Oeuvres de Francesco Azopardi": Lauda Sion. Assumpta est. Beatus Vir. Confitebor. Dixit Dominus. Maîtrise des Bouches du Rhône, leader Jeannine Prosper, Jeune Ensemble Baroque de Provence, dir. Giuseppe Dellavalle. Studio SM, Paris. 1998.

description: Maltese composer

wikidata_label: Francesco Azopardi

wikipedia_title: Francesco Azopardi


text:
Hungarian
glider
aerobatic
FAI
European Glider Aerobatic Championships
World Glider Aerobatic Championships
The World Games 2017
Wroclaw

categories: Hungarian aviators,Competitors at the 2017 World Games,Aerobatic pilots,World Games gold medalists,Glider pilots,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Ferenc Tóth (pilot)

paragraph: Ferenc Tóth is a Hungarian glider aerobatic pilot who won the FAI European Glider Aerobatic Championships 2000, 2006 and 2008, and the FAI World Glider Aerobatic Championships 2003.

paragraph: Furthermore, he won a gold medal at The World Games 2017 in Wroclaw, Poland.

description: Hungarian acrobatic glider pilot

wikidata_label: Ferenc Tóth

wikipedia_title: Ferenc Tóth (pilot)


text:
AIA
New York City
William G. Tachau
Pilcher and Tachau
Tachau and Vought
Vassar College
Poughkeepsie, New York
state architect
New York
Wesleyan University
Columbia School of Architecture
Jewett House
brick
terracotta
crenellation
Milo P. Jewett
William G. Tachau
Tachau and Vought
Troop C Armory
Brooklyn, New York
Kingsbridge Armory
Bronx, New York
Lake Hopatcong Yacht Club
Barton Hall
Cornell University

categories: Vassar College faculty,1871 births,People from Poughkeepsie, New York,Defunct architecture firms based in New York City,Companies based in Manhattan,Architects from New York (state)

paragraph: Lewis Pilcher

paragraph: Lewis F. Pilcher, AIA (1871–1941), was an American academic and architect active in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century New York City. With William G. Tachau, he was a partner of Pilcher and Tachau, the predecessor firm of Tachau and Vought. He was a professor of art at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York. He subsequently was a state architect of New York.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Pilcher attended Wesleyan University from 1889-1890, and graduated from the Columbia School of Architecture in 1895. He began his career working for Brooklyn architect Mercein Thomas, then started his own practice with former classmate W.G. Tachau. In 1901 Pilcher won a competition to design the Troop C Armory in Brooklyn, which set the state for his later term as State Architect of New York, in which position he would design several armories across the state. He went on to design the armories in Troy, Albany, Buffalo, Yonkers, and Ithaca.

paragraph: Through his connections at Vassar, Pilcher designed the nine-story North Residence (1907), renamed in 1915 as Jewett House. The structure is composed of a four-story U-shaped arms block, which frames a quad-side court, and is attached to a rear eight-story tower that incorporates a 30,000-gallon water tank. The structure extensively used steel and concrete structural components faced with red brick and terracotta ornamentation. The high level of decorative work, including crenellations, grotesque terracotta faces and animals was incongruous to Vassar’s restrained red brick-with-sandstone-trim Quad dormitories and was nicknamed “Pilcher’s Crime.” The structure failed to attract donors who would have attached their name and it was instead renamed in honor of the college’s first president, Milo P. Jewett.

paragraph: His partner, William G. Tachau, went on to a more successful career in the architectural firm of Tachau and Vought.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jewett House (1907, formerly North Residence before 1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troop C Armory in Brooklyn, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Kingsbridge Armory in the Bronx, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Lake Hopatcong Yacht Club, Mount Arlington, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York State Drill Hall, aka Barton Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1917

description: American architect

wikidata_label: Lewis Pilcher

wikipedia_title: Lewis Pilcher


text: Treblinka extermination camp

text: Polish

text: painter

text: Jewish

text: Jacek Malczewski

text: Cracow

text: Vienna

text: Paris

text: Cracow

text: Second World War

text: Warsaw Ghetto

text: fresco

text: Judenrat

text: Nazis

text: Treblinka extermination camp

text: Holocaust

text: Michał Weinzieher

text: Warsaw

text: et al.

text: Munich

text: Digital edition available online.

text: Chatou

categories: Polish Jews,1890s births,1942 deaths,People from Lublin Governorate,People from Lublin,Polish painters of Jewish descent,Warsaw Ghetto inmates,Polish people who died in Treblinka extermination camp

paragraph: Symche Trachter

paragraph: Symche Trachter, full name Szymon Symche Binem Trachter (b. 1890 "or" 1894; d. 1942 at Treblinka extermination camp) was a Polish painter of Jewish descent.

paragraph: In his youth he was a pupil of Jacek Malczewski in Cracow, one of the most famous painters of Polish Symbolism. Subsequently he pursued his studies in Vienna in 1918, and in Paris in 1927. He exhibited in Paris in 1930. Symche Trachter was active at Cracow, and also participated in exhibitions organized by the .

paragraph: During the Second World War he was interned in the Warsaw Ghetto, but continued his artistic activities even in detention, decorating with frescoes together with another painter and fellow detainee, Feliks Frydman the walls of the main reception hall within the seat of the Ghetto's Judenrat. In 1942 he was deported by the Nazis from the Warsaw Ghetto on one of the first transports to the Treblinka extermination camp, where he was murdered in the Holocaust.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michał Weinzieher, "Symche Trachter, Paris" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michał Weinzieher, Introduction; in: "Symche Trachter: katalog wystawy", Warsaw, , 1930.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Museum of the Jewish Historical Institute: Arts and Crafts", comp. & ed. I. Brzewska, "et al.", tr. B. Piotrowska, Warsaw, Auriga, Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe ("for the" Żydowski Instytut Historyczny w Polsce), 1995. . (Unpaged.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jerzy Malinowski, "Malarstwo i rzeźba Żydów polskich w XIX i XX wieku", vol. 1, Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2000. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", vol. 33, Munich, Saur, 2002. Digital edition available online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adrian Darmon, "Autour de l'art juif: encyclopédie des peintres, photographes et sculpteurs", Chatou, Éditions Carnot, 2003, page 110. . (With an extensive list of further sources on pp. 338339.)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trachter's works in Central Jewish Library

description: Polish painter

wikidata_label: Symche Trachter

wikipedia_title: Symche Trachter


text:
English
ornithologist
entomologist
Colombia
Adolphe Boucard
Ecuador
Walter Rothschild
bird skins
British Museum
Tring
Ernst Hartert
Fellow
Royal Entomological Society of London
Zobodat

categories: English entomologists,1868 births,English ornithologists

paragraph: William Frederick Henry Rosenberg

paragraph: William Frederick Henry Rosenberg (1868–1957) was an English ornithologist and entomologist.

paragraph: His first expedition was to Colombia in 1894 where he collected insects and birds. The bird collection was acquired by Adolphe Boucard. In 1896 he went to Ecuador and later returned to Colombia collecting especially for Walter Rothschild. From 1898 until 1899 he employed collectors in South America who provided him with bird skins for Rothschild. Duplicates went to the British Museum, surplus specimens were sold to other collectors and museums . He started a business as a natural history dealer in Tring in 1897 and in 1898 he moved the dealership to 57 Haverstock Hill, London. He sold specimens from Africa as well as S. America. New species were described by Ernst Hartert.

paragraph: Rosenberg was a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society of London.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horn et al., 1990 "Collectiones entomologicae". Berlin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mearns B. & Mearns R., 1998 "The Bird Collectors". Academic Press, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sharpe R.B., 1906 Birds.In Günther A. (ed.), 1904-1912. "The History of the Collections contained in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum", vol. 2. British Museum publication, London.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zobodat

description: English ornithologist and entomologist

wikidata_label: William Frederick Henry Rosenberg

wikipedia_title: William Frederick Henry Rosenberg


text:
Venezuela
American Le Mans Series
Rolex Sports Car Series
Starworks Motorsport
American Le Mans Series
12 Hours of Sebring
Indianapolis Motor Speedway
2012 24 Hours of Daytona
Speed Channel
Starworks Motorsport
Ryan Dalziel
Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Ryan Dalziel
2013 Rolex Sports Car Series season
Jim Trueman
SPEED Channel
American Le Mans Series
E. J. Viso
NASCAR
Nationwide Series
TriStar Motorsports
Watkins Glen International

categories: Venezuelan racing drivers,American Le Mans Series drivers,NASCAR drivers,Living people,Rolex Sports Car Series drivers,1975 births,24 Hours of Daytona drivers

paragraph: Alex Popow

paragraph: Alex Popow (born 9 November 1975 in Lecheria) is a Venezuelan racing driver who competes in the American Le Mans Series and Rolex Sports Car Series for CORE autosport and Starworks Motorsport.

paragraph: He was champion of the LMPC class in the American Le Mans Series in 2012 and obtained a class victory at the 12 Hours of Sebring in 2012, and an overall win the inaugural Brickyard Grand Prix at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 2012. Also, he finished second overall in the 2012 24 Hours of Daytona.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: Popow's name, which is pronounced "pop-off", is the result of his Eastern European ancestry. During a broadcast on Speed Channel, it was revealed that his family name was originally Popov, but was changed to Popow upon his ancestors' immigration.

paragraph: Section::::Early racing career.

paragraph: Popow began his racing career in his native Venezuela in 1996, winning the Eastern Division Championship for 2000cc cars. He repeated as champion one year later before moving up to the Fiat Palio Cup and Mustang Cup, where he reached success in both championships. Popow was the Expert Class champion in the Palio Cup in both 1998 and 1999, while also earning top honors in the Mustang Cup in 2000 and 2002.

paragraph: Having won the Formula 2000 Venezuela Championship in 2005, Popow went on to form the first all-Venezuelan team to participate in the Panam-GP series, which took place in six countries, including Venezuela.

paragraph: Section::::Bogota 6 Hours.

paragraph: Considered the most prestigious professional auto racing event in Colombia, Popow has also enjoyed success in the Bogota 6 Hours. He earned a second-place result in his debut in 1997, while also collecting runner-up finishes in 2004 and 2005. Popow was crowned champion of the race in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Off-road racing.

paragraph: Between 2007 and 2009, Popow competed in the AWA 4x4 Rally Championship, earning a third-place finish in the LUV D-MAX Trophy.

paragraph: Section::::Rolex Sports Car Series.

paragraph: Popow made his Grand-Am debut in 2011, racing in the Rolex Sports Car Series for Starworks Motorsport team. He finished a season-high third at Watkins Glen with Ryan Dalziel and finished 20th in the Daytona Prototype points standings.

paragraph: In 2012, Popow took his first victory in the inaugural Brickyard Grand Prix Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and obtained two second places and two fourth, so that finished sixth in the drivers' championship.

paragraph: Popow with Ryan Dalziel achieved one win, two second places and two third in the 2013 Rolex Sports Car Series season, however the poor results obtained at the end of the season, did they finished eighth in the drivers' championship in the DP class. In 2013 Popow won the ‘Jim Trueman’ Award by a landslide and the Starworks Motosport was crowned ‘Sports Car Team of the Year’ by the SPEED Channel.

paragraph: Section::::American Le Mans Series.

paragraph: Popow won the 2012 12 Hours of Sebring in his American Le Mans Series debut, teaming with Burt Frisselle and E. J. Viso in a CORE autosport Oreca FLM09 Prototype Challenge car. He then went on to win the following ALMS round at Long Beach with Ryan Dalziel.

paragraph: Four races into the 2012 season, Popow currently leads the ALMS PC Drivers Championship, with four podium finishes to his credit.

paragraph: Section::::Other racing.

paragraph: Popow competed in the Latin America Challenge Formula 2000 Championship, finishing third in 2010 and fourth in 2011. He also took part in the Mexican Supercup Seat Leon Championship in 2011, finishing second.

paragraph: Additionally, Popow finished third in the 2012 Gulf 12 Hours at Abu Dhabi.

paragraph: In August 2012, Popow made his NASCAR debut, driving in the Nationwide Series for TriStar Motorsports at Watkins Glen International.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Popow is married to Lu-Ann Acosta-Rubio and has two children. He enjoys extreme sports in his free time.

paragraph: Section::::Motorsports career results.

paragraph: Section::::Motorsports career results.:NASCAR.:Nationwide Series.

paragraph: Season still in progressbr

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Alex Popow

wikipedia_title: Alex Popow


text: Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick

text: Ivan VI

text: Empress Elizabeth of Russia

text: Kholmogory

text: Horsens

text: Ivan V of Russia

text: deaf

text: Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

text: Jutland

text: Horsens

text: Alexander I of Russia

categories: People from Saint Petersburg,18th-century Russian people,1741 births,House of Mecklenburg-Brunswick-Romanov,1807 deaths

paragraph: Catherine Antonovna of Brunswick

paragraph: Catherine Antonovna of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1741–1807), daughter of Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick and Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia. Born a few days before the desposition of her brother Ivan VI, she was imprisoned by Empress Elizabeth of Russia along with her family from 1742 to 1780 at Kholmogory, and in 1780, she and two brothers and a sister were placed under house arrest for the rest of their lives in Horsens. She was the last descendant of Ivan V of Russia.

paragraph: She became deaf after being dropped during the chaos of Empress Elizabeth's coup, and like her siblings, was sickly and suffered from bouts of seizures for much of her life.

paragraph: She and her three surviving siblings were released into the custody of their aunt, the Danish queen dowager Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, on 30 June 1780, and settled in Jutland. There they lived under house arrest in Horsens for the rest of their lives under the guardianship of Juliana and at the expense of Catherine. Although they were prisoners, they lived in relative comfort and retained a small "court" of between 40 and 50 people, all Danish except for the priest.

paragraph: By 1798, Catherine lived alone in Horsens, since all her siblings had died. In 1803, she wrote a letter to Alexander I of Russia: she told him how her Danish servants took advantage of her difficulty in hearing and talking, described how much she had missed the Russian prison in Kholmogory, where she and her siblings had been happy together, and asked him to be allowed to return. He never replied.

description: Russian noble

wikidata_label: Catherine Antonovna of Brunswick

wikipedia_title: Catherine Antonovna of Brunswick


text: Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick

text: Ivan VI

text: Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

text: Horsens

text: Jutland

paragraph: Alexei Antonovich of Brunswick

paragraph: Alexei Antonovich of Brunswick-Lüneburg (27 February 1746 – 12 (23) October 1787), was the third son of Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick and Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia, and younger brother of Ivan VI.

paragraph: The siblings were kept prisoner because their right to the Russian throne, according to the succession of Empress Anna, made them potential political threats to the Empress Elizabeth, Emperor Peter III, and eventually Empress Catherine the Great. In contrast to that of their elder brother, the deposed Ivan VI, who was placed in solitary confinement, the younger siblings were kept together with their father after the death of their mother in 1746. In Kholmogory, the family occupied the Bishop's house within the fortress compound, where they were allowed small garden and some animals. They were kept under watch by guards and kept a small retinue of servants: as their father retained sexual relations with the female servants, their staff eventually consisted of their half siblings. By an Imperial decree of 1750, the siblings were banned from learning to read and write.

paragraph: In 1766, their father was offered his freedom by Empress Catherine the Great, but he refused to leave without his children, and therefore remain with them until his death in 1776, by then blind. In 1780, Empress Catherine was arranging for their release and transfer to the custody of their paternal aunt, the Danish queen dowager Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in Denmark. Before their release, they were brought to Archangelsk to be interviewed and inspected by Governor Aleksei Melgunov. Melgunov provided personal descriptions of each sibling in his report. He reported that all the four siblings were physically weak and suffered from poor health; Peter was lopsided and bow-legged and seemed consumptive; Aleksei was physically stronger but suffered from seizures; Catherine was thin and deaf and suffered from seizures, could lipread but had poor control over her voice. As for Elizabeth, she was described as plump, energetic, talkative and reliable, and also as the dominant personality and as the spokesperson of the family. While being physically weak, however, all four siblings were described as intelligent, likable and humane people, who had learned to read and write by their own despite the prohibition of the Imperial decree. They had reportedly a friendly relationship to each other, spending their days tending to the garden and their hens and ducks, riding, chasing each other on the frozen lake at winter, and playing chess and cards.

paragraph: During the inspection of Melgonov, Elizabeth, described as the head of the family, communicated the siblings life and wishes. She stated that when young, before their father had grown blind, they had all wished to be free, and hoped for the day when they would be released. They had asked for permission to ride a sleigh through the streets, but never received a reply to any demand made. As for herself personally, she had wished to be educated about the manners of the grand world and participate in high society. Now, however, they had lived all their lives as prisoners and had grown to be content with their lives. They had only three wishes; first, that they wished to be allowed to visit a meadow, as they had heard that it contained flowers not to be found in their garden; second, that the wives of the officers should be allowed to visit them to provide company; and finally, they wished to learn how to be put on and wear the complicated upper class- garments they were provided with, such as the corsets, because neither themselves nor their servants knew how they should be put on or worn. If these three wishes were granted, she stated, they would all four be content to continue to live as before.

paragraph: Before their release, the siblings were provided with new wardrobes and house hold- gifts from the Empress, so that Russia would make a good impression in Denmark. When told that they would be transferred to Denmark, they asked that they be housed in a remote place with few people there. While leaving Russia on ship on the 27 June 1780, the siblings reportedly started to cry upon seeing the fortress in Arhangelsk, believing that they had been tricked and would be separated and each placed in solitary confinement. On 30 August 1780, the siblings arrived in Denmark. Because of bureaucratic reasons, however, they were forced to separate from their servants (and half siblings) upon their arrival. In Denmark, their aunt, Queen Dowager Juliana Maria, reportedly never visited them even once. They lived under house arrest in Horsens in Jutland under the guardianship of Juliana Maria and at the expense of Empress Catherine. Although they were prisoners, they lived in relative comfort and retained a small "court" of between 40 and 50 people, all Danish except for their Russian Orthodox priest. The siblings, being unused to their new degree of freedom in a new environment and surrounded by people whose language they could not understand, were reportedly unhappy in Denmark.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evgeniĭ Viktorovich Anisimov: Five Empresses: Court Life in Eighteenth-century Russia (2004)

description: Third son of Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick and Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia

wikidata_label: Alexei Antonovich of Brunswick

wikipedia_title: Alexei Antonovich of Brunswick


text: Cambridge University Library

text: Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford

text: Battersea Power Station

text: red telephone box

text: Gothic

text: modernism

text: Hampstead

text: George Gilbert Scott Jr.

text: Watts & Co.

text: Sir George Gilbert Scott

text: Albert Memorial

text: Midland Grand Hotel

text: St Pancras Station

text: Bethlem Royal Hospital

text: Ninfield

text: Battersea

text: Battle Abbey

text: Etchingham Church

text: Richard Gilbert Scott

text: Beaumont College

text: J. F. Bentley

text: Temple Moore

text: Kennington

text: Liverpool Cathedral Lady Chapel

text: John Betjeman

text: High Victorian Gothic

text: diocese of Liverpool

text: G. F. Bodley

text: Gothic revival

text: R. Norman Shaw

text: Reformation

text: St Paul's Cathedral

text: Great Fire of London

text: Truro Cathedral

text: Charles Rennie Mackintosh

text: Charles Reilly

text: Lady Chapel

text: Bishop Chavasse

text: Woolton

text: King George V

text: Queen Mary

text: Bournemouth

text: Sheringham

text: Ramsey

text: Northfleet

text: Stoneycroft

text: Grey Wings

text: Adelphi Hotel

text: Royal Marines

text: English Channel

text: Clare College, Cambridge

text: Chester House

text: Paddington

text: Royal Institute of British Architects

text: Maida Vale

text: lightwell

text: Downside Abbey

text: Church of Our Lady & St Alphege, Bath

text: Santa Maria in Cosmedin

text: Romanesque

text: General Post Office

text: Royal Fine Arts Commission

text: Sir John Soane's Museum

text: mausoleum

text: St Pancras Old Church

text: Kiosk no. 2

text: King George V

text: London Power Company

text: Battersea

text: Leonard Pearce

text: Battersea Power Station

text: The Observer

text: The Architectural Review

text: Peter Jones

text: Cambridge

text: library

text: University of Cambridge

text: The Times

text: Royal Institute of British Architects

text: Royal Gold Medal

text: New Bodleian Library

text: Gavin Stamp

text: Nikolaus Pevsner

text: Coventry Cathedral

text: Basil Spence

text: Commons chamber

text: Palace of Westminster

text: Charles Barry

text: Augustus Pugin

text: Winston Churchill

text: Guildhall

text: Bankside Power Station

text: River Thames

text: Southwark

text: Tate Modern

text: Preston, Lancashire

text: Kensington

text: St Mary Abbots

text: Toronto

text: Plymouth

text: University College Hospital

text: Liverpool Cathedral

text: John Oldrid Scott

text: Adrian Gilbert Scott

text: Richard Gilbert Scott

text: Liverpool Cathedral

text: knighted

text: King George V

text: Knowsley Hall

text: 17th Earl of Derby

text: Member of the Order of Merit

text: King George VI

text: Design Museum biography

categories: Members of the Order of Merit,Artists from London,Deaths from cancer in England,English ecclesiastical architects,1960 deaths,English architects,Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal,Architects of cathedrals,Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects,People from Liverpool,Knights Bachelor,English Roman Catholics,Scott family (architects),Presidents of the Royal Institute of British Architects,1880 births,Deaths from lung cancer

paragraph: Giles Gilbert Scott

paragraph: Sir Giles Gilbert Scott (9 November 1880 – 8 February 1960) was an English architect known for his work on the Cambridge University Library, Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, Battersea Power Station and designing the iconic red telephone box. Scott came from a family of architects. He was noted for his blending of Gothic tradition with modernism, making what might otherwise have been functionally designed buildings into popular landmarks.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Early years.

paragraph: Born in Hampstead, London, Scott was one of six children and the third son of George Gilbert Scott Jr. (Founder of Watts & Co. in 1874) and his wife, Ellen King Samson. His father was an architect, the son of Sir George Gilbert Scott, a more famous architect, known for designing the Albert Memorial and the Midland Grand Hotel at St Pancras Station.

paragraph: When Scott was three, his father was declared to be of unsound mind and was temporarily confined to the Bethlem Royal Hospital. Consequently, his sons saw little of him. Giles later said that he remembered seeing his father only twice. A bequest from an uncle in 1889 gave the young Scott ownership of Hollis Street Farm, near Ninfield, Sussex, with a life tenancy to his mother. During the week Ellen Scott and her three sons lived in a flat in Battersea, spending weekends and holidays at the farm. She regularly took them on cycling trips to sketch buildings in the area, and encouraged them to take an interest in architecture. Among the buildings the young Scott drew were Battle Abbey, Brede Place and Etchingham Church; Scott's son, Richard Gilbert Scott, suggests that the last, with its solid central tower, "was perhaps the germ of Liverpool Cathedral".

paragraph: Scott and his brothers were raised as Roman Catholics; their father was a Catholic convert. Giles attended Beaumont College on the recommendation of his father who admired the buildings of its preparatory school, the work of J. F. Bentley. In January 1899 Scott became an articled pupil in the office of Temple Moore, who had studied with Scott's father. From Moore, or Ellen Scott, or from his father's former assistant P. B. Freeman, Scott got to know the work of his father. In a 2005 study of Scott's work, John Thomas observes that Scott senior's "important church of St Agnes, Kennington (1874–77; 1880s–93) clearly influenced Giles's early work, including Liverpool Cathedral Lady Chapel."

paragraph: In later years Scott remarked to John Betjeman, "I always think that my father was a genius. … He was a far better architect than my grandfather and yet look at the reputations of the two men!" Scott's father and his grandfather had been exponents of High Victorian Gothic; Scott, when still a young man, saw the possibility of designing in Gothic without the profusion of detail that marked their work. He had an unusually free hand in working out his ideas, as Moore generally worked at home, leaving Freeman to run the office.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Liverpool Cathedral.

paragraph: In 1901, while Scott was still a pupil in Moore's practice, the diocese of Liverpool announced a competition to select the architect of a new cathedral. Two well-known architects were appointed as assessors for an open competition for architects wishing to be considered. G. F. Bodley was a leading exponent of the Gothic revival style, and a former pupil and relative by marriage of Scott's grandfather. R. Norman Shaw was an eclectic architect, having begun in the Gothic style, and later favouring what his biographer Andrew Saint calls "full-blooded classical or imperial architecture". Architects were invited by public advertisement to submit portfolios of their work for consideration by Bodley and Shaw. From these, the two assessors selected a first shortlist of architects to be invited to prepare drawings for the new building.

paragraph: For architects, the competition was an important event; not only was it for one of the largest building projects of its time, but it was only the third opportunity to build an Anglican cathedral in England since the Reformation in the 16th century (St Paul's Cathedral being the first, rebuilt from scratch after the Great Fire of London in 1666, and Truro Cathedral being the second, begun in the 19th century). The competition attracted 103 entries, from architects including Temple Moore, Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Charles Reilly. With Moore's approval, Scott submitted his own entry, on which he worked in his spare time.

paragraph: In 1903, the assessors recommended that Scott should be appointed. There was widespread comment at the nomination of a 22-year-old with no existing buildings to his credit. Scott admitted that so far his only design to be constructed had been a pipe-rack. The choice of winner was even more contentious when it emerged that Scott was a Roman Catholic, but the assessors' recommendation was accepted by the diocesan authorities.

paragraph: Because of Scott's age and inexperience, the cathedral committee appointed Bodley as joint architect to work in tandem with him. A historian of Liverpool Cathedral observes that it was generous of Bodley to enter into a working relationship with a young and untried student. Bodley had been a close friend of Scott's father, but his collaboration with the young Scott was fractious, especially after Bodley accepted commissions to design two cathedrals in the US, necessitating frequent absences from Liverpool. Scott complained that this "has made the working partnership agreement more of a farce than ever, and to tell the truth my patience with the existing state of affairs is about exhausted". Scott was on the point of resigning when Bodley died suddenly in 1907, leaving him in charge. The cathedral committee appointed Scott sole architect, and though it reserved the right to appoint another co-architect, it never seriously considered doing so.

paragraph: In 1910 Scott realised that he was not happy with the main design, which looked like a traditional Gothic cathedral in the style of the previous century. He persuaded the cathedral committee to let him start all over again (a difficult decision, as some of the stonework had already been erected) and redesigned it as a simpler and more symmetrical building with a single massive central tower instead of the original proposal for twin towers. Scott's new plans provided more interior space. At the same time Scott modified the decorative style, losing much of the Gothic detailing and introducing a more modern, monumental style.

paragraph: The Lady Chapel, the first part of the building to be completed, was consecrated in 1910 by Bishop Chavasse in the presence of two archbishops and 24 other bishops. Work was severely limited during the First World War, with a shortage of manpower, materials and money. By 1920, the workforce had been brought back up to strength and the stone quarries at Woolton, source of the red sandstone for most of the building, reopened. The first section of the main body of the cathedral was complete by 1924, and on 19 July 1924, the 20th anniversary of the laying of the foundation stone, the cathedral was consecrated in the presence of King George V and Queen Mary, and bishops and archbishops from around the globe.

paragraph: Construction continued throughout the 1930s, but slowed drastically throughout the Second World War, as it had done during the First. Scott continued to work on the project until his death, refining the design as he went. He designed every aspect of the building down to the fine details. The cathedral was finished in 1978, nearly two decades after Scott's death.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Other early work.

paragraph: While Scott was feuding with Bodley in Liverpool, he managed to design and see built his first complete church. This was the Church of the Annunciation, a Roman Catholic church in Bournemouth, in which he made a high transept similar to his original plan for Liverpool. His work on another new Roman Catholic church at Sheringham, Norfolk showed his preference for simple Gothic frontages. Other churches built by Scott at this time, at Ramsey on the Isle of Man, Northfleet in Kent and Stoneycroft in Liverpool, show the development of his style. Scott and his brother Adrian worked on Grey Wings, a house in Ashtead, Surrey in 1913. While working in Liverpool, Scott met and married Louise Wallbank Hughes, a receptionist at the Adelphi Hotel; his mother was displeased to learn that she was a Protestant. The marriage was happy, and lasted until Louise Scott's death in 1949. They had three sons, one of whom died in infancy.

paragraph: During the First World War Scott was a Major in the Royal Marines. He was in charge of building sea defences on the English Channel coast.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:1920s.

paragraph: As Liverpool Cathedral rose Scott's fame grew, and he began to secure commissions for secular buildings. One of the first was for Clare College, Cambridge, Memorial Court, which was in a neo-Georgian style on the west bank of the River Cam. This style was also used for Chester House, a house he designed for himself in Clarendon Place, Paddington in 1924, which won the annual medal for London street architecture of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1928. Scott's residential buildings are few; one of the best known is the Cropthorne Court mansion block in Maida Vale, where the frontage juts out in diagonals, eliminating the need for lightwells.

paragraph: Scott continued working on churches during the inter-war years. Shortly after his work on the nave at Downside Abbey he was commissioned to design the small Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady & St Alphege, Bath, the first part of which was completed in 1929. His design was inspired by the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, Rome. Scott's distillation of the main elements of that large and ancient church into the much smaller Bath parish church has been described as "a delight" which "cannot fail to astonish". Some 25 years later he wrote "The church was my first essay into the Romanesque style of architecture. It has always been one of my favourite works". On the capital of one of the pillars beneath the west gallery W. D. Gough carved a representation of the architect, and a shield inscribed "Aegidio architecto" (By Giles the architect) – possibly the only depiction of Scott in stone.

paragraph: Scott's most ubiquitous design was for the General Post Office. He was one of three architects invited by the Royal Fine Arts Commission to submit designs for new telephone kiosks. The invitation came at the time Scott was made a trustee of Sir John Soane's Museum. His design was in the classical style, topped with a dome reminiscent of the mausoleum Soane designed for himself in St Pancras Old Church yard, London. It was the chosen design and was put into production in cast iron as the GPO's "Kiosk no. 2" or "K2". Later designs adapted the same general look for mass production: the Jubilee kiosk, introduced for King George V's silver jubilee in 1935 and known as the "K6", eventually became a fixture in almost every town and village.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:1930s.

paragraph: In 1930 the London Power Company engaged Scott as consulting architect for its new electricity generating station at Battersea. The building was designed by the company's chief engineer, Leonard Pearce, and Scott's role was to enhance the external appearance of the massive architecture. He opted for external brickwork, put some detailing on the sheer walls, and remodelled the four corner chimneys so that they resembled classical columns. Battersea Power Station, opened in 1933 but disused since 1982, remains one of the most conspicuous industrial buildings in London. At the time of its opening, "The Observer", though expressing some reservations about details of Scott's work, called it "one of the finest sights in London". In a poll organised by "The Architectural Review" in 1939 to find what lay people thought were Britain's best modern buildings, Battersea Power Station was in second place, behind the Peter Jones building.

paragraph: In Cambridge, next to Clare College's Memorial Court, Scott designed the enormous library for the entire University of Cambridge. He placed two six-storey courtyards in parallel with a twelve-storey tower in the centre, and linked the windows vertically to the bookstacks. The main reading room measured nearly by and high, lit by 25 round-headed clerestory windows on each side. At the time of its opening in 1934, "The Times" commented that the building displayed "the same enjoyment of modelling in mass which is Sir Giles Scott's chief personal contribution to contemporary architecture."

paragraph: Scott was elected president of the Royal Institute of British Architects for 1933, its centenary year (having already been awarded the RIBA's prestigious Royal Gold Medal in 1925). In his presidential address he urged colleagues to adopt what he called "a middle line": to combine the best of tradition with a fresh modern approach, to eschew dogma, and recognise "the influence of surroundings on the choice of materials and the technique of their use. … My plea is for a frank and common-sense acceptance of those features and materials which are practical and beautiful, regardless as to whether they conform with the formula of either the modern or the traditional school."

paragraph: From 1937 to 1940, Scott worked on the New Bodleian Library, in Broad Street in Oxford. It is not generally considered his finest work. Needing to provide storage for millions of books without building higher than the surrounding structures, he devised a construction going deep into the earth, behind two elevations no higher than those around them. His biographer A S G Butler commented, "In an attempt to be polite to these – which vary from late Gothic to Victorian Tudor – Scott produced a not very impressive neo-Jacobean design". A later biographer, Gavin Stamp, praises the considerable technical achievement of keeping the building low in scale by building underground, but agrees that aesthetically the building is not among Scott's most successful. Nikolaus Pevsner dismisses it as "neither one thing nor the other".

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:1940s.

paragraph: Scott's search for the "middle line" caused him difficulties when he was appointed as architect for the new Coventry Cathedral in 1942. Pressured by the new Bishop of Coventry for a modern design and by the Royal Fine Arts Commission for a recreation of the old cathedral, he was criticised for trying to compromise between the two and designing a building that was neither fish nor fowl. Unable to reconcile these differences Scott resigned in 1947; a competition was held and won by Basil Spence with an uncompromisingly modern design.

paragraph: After the Commons chamber of the Palace of Westminster was destroyed by bombs in 1941, Scott was appointed in 1944 to rebuild it. Here he was hemmed in entirely by the surviving building, but was entirely of the view that the new chamber should be congruent with the old as anything else would clash with the Gothic style of Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin. This view found favour with Winston Churchill who observed "We shape our dwellings, and afterwards our dwellings shape us". In a debate on 25 January 1945 the House of Commons approved his choice by 121 to 21 on a free vote.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Last years.

paragraph: After the immediate rush for building work caused by war damage had died down, Scott put a new roof on the Guildhall in the City of London and designed modernistic brick offices for the Corporation just to the north. Despite having opposed placing heavily industrial buildings in the centre of cities, he accepted a commission to build Bankside Power Station on the bank of the River Thames in Southwark, where he built on what he had learnt at Battersea and gathered all the flues into a single tower. This building was converted in the late 1990s into Tate Modern art gallery.

paragraph: Scott continued to receive commissions for religious buildings. At Preston, Lancashire he built a Roman Catholic church which is notable for an unusually long and repetitive nave. His Carmelite Church in Kensington, up the road from St Mary Abbots built by his grandfather, used transverse concrete arches to fill a difficult site (the church replaced another lost in the war). Scott created the design of the Trinity College Chapel in Toronto, completed in 1955, a lovely example of the perpendicular Gothic, executed by the local firm of George and Moorhouse and featuring windows by E. Liddall Armstrong of Whitefriars.

paragraph: Scott remained working into his late 70s. He was working on designs for the Roman Catholic Church of Christ the King, Plymouth, when he developed lung cancer. He took the designs into University College Hospital, where he continued to revise them until his death aged 79.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Burial and grave.

paragraph: Scott was buried by the monks of Ampleforth outside the west entrance of Liverpool Cathedral, alongside his wife (as a Roman Catholic he could not be buried inside the body of the Cathedral). Although originally planned in the 1942 design for the west end of the Cathedral to be within a porch, the site of the grave was eventually covered by a car park access road. The road layout was changed, the grave was restored and the grave marker replaced in 2012.

paragraph: A requiem mass for Scott was celebrated by Father Patrick Casey at St James's Roman Catholic Church, Spanish Place, London, on 17 February 1960.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Family.

paragraph: In addition to his father and grandfather, other members of Scott's family who were architects included an uncle, John Oldrid Scott, a brother, Adrian Gilbert Scott and son Richard Gilbert Scott.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Following the consecration of Liverpool Cathedral, Scott was knighted by King George V at Knowsley Hall, where the King and Queen were staying as guests of the 17th Earl of Derby.

paragraph: In 1944 he was appointed a Member of the Order of Merit (OM) by King George VI.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Notes and references.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- References

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections

paragraph: BULLET::::- Design Museum biography

alias:
Sir Giles Gilbert Scott
Giles Gilbert, Sir Scott

description: English architect

wikidata_label: Giles Gilbert Scott

wikipedia_title: Giles Gilbert Scott


text:
basketball
1956 Summer Olympics
Freeport, Illinois
University of Iowa

categories: American men's basketball players,United States men's national basketball team players,People from Freeport, Illinois,Basketball players at the 1956 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four,1934 births,Basketball players from Illinois,Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball players,African-American basketball players,Olympic gold medalists for the United States in basketball,Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics,Basketball players at the 1955 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four,Rochester Royals draft picks,Basketball players at the 1956 Summer Olympics,Living people,Amateur Athletic Union men's basketball players

paragraph: Carl Cain

paragraph: Carl Cecil Cain (born August 2, 1934) is a retired American basketball player who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics. Born in Freeport, Illinois, Cain played collegiately at the University of Iowa.

paragraph: Cain was a key component of the success the University of Iowa men's basketball team realized during his playing career including reaching the Final Four in 1954-1955 and the Championship Game in 1955-1956.

paragraph: His number is retired by the University of Iowa basketball program. He is an inductee to the Des Moines Register State of Iowa Sports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: He was member of the American basketball team, which won the Olympic gold medal in 1956.

description: basketball player

wikidata_label: Carl Cain

wikipedia_title: Carl Cain


text: pagan

text: converted

text: Christianity

text: Patroclus of Troyes

text: martyr

text: Aurelian

text: beheaded

text: Rilly-Sainte-Syre

text: Troyes

text: feast day

text: Sabinian at Patron Saints Index

categories: 3rd-century Christian martyrs,Converts to Christianity from pagan religions,Year of birth unknown,Gallo-Roman saints,275 deaths

paragraph: Sabinian of Troyes

paragraph: Saint Sabinian of Troyes (died 275) was a pagan who converted to Christianity (tradition states that he was converted by Patroclus of Troyes), and became a martyr under Aurelian. He was beheaded at Rilly-Sainte-Syre near Troyes.

paragraph: His feast day is 29 January.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sabinian at Patron Saints Index

paragraph: BULLET::::- 29 January saints at Saint Patrick's Church

description: Gallo-Roman saint

wikidata_label: Sabinian of Troyes

wikipedia_title: Sabinian of Troyes


text:
cricket
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Rohit Sharma Biography
Rohit Sharma

categories: India Green cricketers,Telugu people,India One Day International cricketers,Mumbai cricketers,Cricketers from Nagpur,India Twenty20 International cricketers,1987 births,Mumbai Indians cricketers,Indian cricketers,Deccan Chargers cricketers,Marathi people,West Zone cricketers,Cricketers at the 2015 Cricket World Cup,India Test cricketers,India Red cricketers,Cricketers from Mumbai,Living people,Cricketers who made a century on Test debut

paragraph: Rohit Sharma

paragraph: Rohit Gurunath Sharma (born 30 April 1987) is an Indian international cricketer who plays for Mumbai in domestic cricket and captains Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League as a right-handed batsman and an occasional right-arm off break bowler. He is the vice-captain of the Indian national team in limited-overs formats.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sharma was born on 30 April 1987 in Bansod, Nagpur, Maharashtra. His mother Purnima Sharma is from Visakhapatnam. His father Gurunath Sharma worked as a caretaker of a transport firm storehouse. Sharma was raised by his grandparents and uncles in Borivali because of his father's low income. He would visit his parents, who lived in a single-room house in Dombivli, only during weekends. He has a younger brother, Vishal Sharma.

paragraph: Sharma joined a cricket camp in 1999 with his uncle's money. His coach at the camp was Dinesh Lad who asked him to change his school to Swami Vivekanand International School, where Lad was the coach and which had better cricket facilities. Sharma recollects, "I told him I couldn't afford it, but he got me a scholarship. So for four years I didn't pay a penny, and did well in my cricket." Sharma started as an off-spinner who could bat a bit before Lad noticed Sharma's batting abilities and promoted him from number eight to open the innings. He excelled in the Harris and Giles Shield school cricket tournaments, scoring a century on debut as an opener.

paragraph: Section::::Youth and domestic career.

paragraph: Sharma made his List A debut for West Zone against Central Zone in the Deodhar Trophy in March 2005, at Gwalior. It was his unbeaten innings of 142 in 123 balls against North Zone at Udaipur in the same tournament, that brought him into the limelight. Performances for the India A sides in Abu Dhabi and Australia followed, leading to him being selected for the 30 member probables list for the Champions Trophy, although he did not make the final squad. This was before he had made his Ranji Trophy debut. He was also selected for the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy.

paragraph: Sharma made his First-class debut for India A against New Zealand A, at Darwin in July 2006. He made his Ranji Trophy debut for his First-class side Mumbai in the 2006/2007 season. Though he was unable to contribute much in the initial matches, he scored 205 off 267 balls in the match against Gujarat. Mumbai went on to win the tournament with Sharma scoring a half-century in the final against Bengal.

paragraph: In October 2013, upon the retirement of Ajit Agarkar, and owing to a successful captaincy stint in the IPL for Mumbai Indians, where he helped to win the IPL as well as the Champions League T20, Sharma was appointed as the captain of the Mumbai Ranji team for the 2013–14 season.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:2007–2012.

paragraph: Sharma was first selected for the limited-overs matches on India's tour to Ireland in 2007. He made his One Day International debut against Ireland at Belfast, although he did not bat in the match.

paragraph: Sharma eventually made his mark on the international stage on 20 September 2007, when he led India to victory by scoring an unbeaten 50 (which came off 40 deliveries) against South Africa in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. The win reserved India a berth in the semifinals of the tournament. At one stage India were 61–4, but his partnership of 85 runs with skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni helped India to post a total of 153/5. He was eventually declared Man of the Match. Sharma then proceeded to score 30 runs off 16 balls in the final against Pakistan.

paragraph: Sharma scored his maiden ODI half-century against Pakistan, at Jaipur on 18 November 2007. and was selected as part of India's 16-man squad for the 2007–08 Commonwealth Bank Series in Australia. Here, he scored 235 runs at an average of 33.57 with 2 fifties, including his score of 66 in the 1st final at Sydney partnering Sachin Tendulkar for most of India's successful run chase. However, his ODI performances suffered a downturn after this and his middle-order position was taken over by Suresh Raina, and eventually, Virat Kohli took his position as the reserve batsman.

paragraph: In December 2009, he scored a triple century in the Ranji Trophy and was recalled to the ODI team for the tri-nations tournament in Bangladesh as Tendulkar opted to rest in the series. However, Virat Kohli and Suresh Raina were selected ahead of him in the playing eleven, and he did not play in any of India's five matches.

paragraph: Sharma was called to the Indian Test team in February 2010 as the only reserve batsman. When V. V. S. Laxman failed to recover from an injury, Sharma was set to make his debut but injured himself playing football in the warm-up on the first morning of the match. It was too late to bring in a replacement batsman, so the reserve wicket-keeper Wriddhiman Saha had to play as a specialist batsman. Since then Suresh Raina, Cheteshwar Pujara and Virat Kohli overtook him and made their Test debuts in the middle order.

paragraph: He scored his maiden ODI century (114) against Zimbabwe on 28 May 2010 and followed it up with another century in the next match of the tri-series against Sri Lanka on 30 May 2010 by scoring 101 not out.

paragraph: Following the poor form in South Africa series held just before the World Cup, he was dropped from the Indian squad for 2011 World Cup.

paragraph: He was selected for the West Indies tour of 2011 after the IPL in a squad where senior batsmen such as Sachin Tendulkar, Virender Sehwag and skipper MS Dhoni were rested, and Yuvraj Singh, Gautam Gambhir were out to injuries. The side was captained by Suresh Raina with Harbhajan Singh as his deputy. He contributed 26 off 23 balls with two sixes in the only T20I at Queen's Park Oval and strung a 71-run partnership with Subramaniam Badrinath leading to an Indian victory.

paragraph: In the ODI series that followed, he carried on with his good form. The first ODI was also played at Queen's Park Oval. Sharma was elected the man of the match for his 68 not out off 75 balls with three fours and a six. In the third ODI played at Sir Vivian Richards Stadium, Antigua; Sharma scored a matching-winning 86 off 91 balls. Sharma along with Harbhajan Singh got India out of trouble to win the match after they were reduced to 92 for 6. Sharma was part of the squad selected to play in the Australian series.

paragraph: Then, in a hitherto unprecedented sequence, he scored only 13 runs on the Sri Lanka tour in July 2012. In 2012, he scored just 168 runs at an average of 12.92 with only one fifty. In spite of being out of form, Dhoni showed faith in Sharma. In 2013 the victory of IPL with the Mumbai Indians was a major turnaround that paved the way for the rise again. In the same year, Sharma was given the opportunity to open the innings for India during the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:2013 ICC Champions Trophy.

paragraph: In 2013, he was promoted as the new opening batsman for India along with Shikhar Dhawan for the Champions Trophy. The successful starts achieved by this opening pair helped India win the Champions Trophy and Tri-nation series in the West Indies. His good form continued in the home series against Australia when he scored a 141 not out in Jaipur and 209 runs off 158 balls, in Bangalore and with 16 sixes, he broke the world record for most sixes hit in an ODI innings.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:2013–2018.

paragraph: In November 2013, during Sachin Tendulkar's farewell Test series, Sharma made his Test debut at Eden Gardens in Kolkata against the West Indies. He scored a 177 which was the second-best score on debut by an Indian behind Shikhar Dhawan. Sharma became one of the few Indian players to have scored a century on their Test debut. He followed it up with a 111 not out at his home ground at the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai becoming the third Indian cricketer to score back-to-back centuries in the first two tests—a feat which was achieved by Sourav Ganguly in 1996 in England and Mohammad Azharuddin in 1984, who scored centuries in his first three tests.

paragraph: He was selected in the 2nd XI of the 2014 ICC World T20 Cup by Cricinfo.

paragraph: In 2014, he became the first person to score more than 250 runs in a single One-Day international cricket match. He scored 264 against Sri Lanka at the Eden Gardens, Kolkata. With this innings, he became the first player to score two double hundreds in ODIs. His innings of 264 is the highest score by a batsman in an ODI, surpassing 219 by Virender Sehwag.

paragraph: On 2 October 2015, in South Africa's tour of India, Sharma scored 106 in the first T20I at HPCA Stadium, Dharamshala. With that, he became the second Indian cricketer to have scored centuries in all formats of the game. On 11 October, in the first ODI of the tour, he scored 150 off 133 balls, in a losing cause while chasing South Africa's total of 303. In the 2015–16 tour of Australia, he scored two consecutive hundreds in the ODI series and a 99 in the final game. He was the highest run-scorer in the series with 441 five games.

paragraph: On 13 December 2017 in Mohali in India, Sharma hit his third double century of 208 runs, not out, as the captain. This was also special to him because he achieved it on his wedding anniversary.

paragraph: On 22 December 2017, Sharma equalled the world record by scoring the joint-fastest century off 35 balls in Twenty20 International against Sri Lanka at Holkar Stadium, Indore. His ODI stats improved dramatically since moving up to an opener in ODIs.

paragraph: On 8 July 2018, during the T20I series against England Sharma also became the fifth overall and second Indian batsman to pass 2000 runs in T20I cricket. He also became the joint second fastest batsman along with Brendon McCullum to reach 2000 T20I runs in terms of number of balls faced.(1476) After scoring his third T20I hundred, he also became the first Indian to score 5 T20 centuries and shattered the record of Virat Kohli for scoring most number of centuries in across all T20 matches by an Indian batsman.

paragraph: On 7 November 2018, during the T20I against West Indies, Sharma became the first player to hit 4 T20 international centuries. He also captained the series against west indies which India won, making him as the Indian Captain with most wins in first 10 T20Is as captain. He remained unbeaten on 111 off 61 balls as India beat west Indies by 71 runs.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:Captaincy.

paragraph: In December 2017, India captain Virat Kohli was rested for the ODIs and T20I against Sri Lanka, in preparation for India's tour to South Africa, which began in the first week of January 2018. As a result, Sharma was named the Indian captain for the first time in his career. India won the ODI series 2–1, their eighth consecutive series win since beating Zimbabwe in June 2016. India won the T20I series 3–0. Sharma was selected to lead India for the Nidahas Trophy in March 2018 as Virat Kohli was resting. Sharma again lead India in the 2018 Asia Cup after Virat Kohli was rested after a rigorous tour of England. India won the tournament after wining the final against Bangladesh. Sharma lead India to defeat West Indies in the T20I series.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:West Indies tour to India 2018–19.

paragraph: Sharma lead as India's captain for the T20I matches resting Virat Kohli. In the 1st match Sharma scored just 6 runs in 6 balls. In the 2nd match Sharma smashed an unbeaten 111 off just 61 balls to power India to 195 for two and became the first cricketer to score four centuries in T20Is and was also awarded the Player of the Match. India won the T20I series 3–0.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:Tour of Australia 2018-19.

paragraph: Sharma didn't have a blistering start to this tour as he managed just 29 runs in 2 innings in the T20Is.

paragraph: He had earned a test recall earlier in the month with chief selector MSK Prasad stating the reason for his recall that his natural game suits for the bouncy Australian pitches. Sharma played in the first test in Adelaide, which was his first test appearance since featuring in the test series in South Africa. He didn't have a dream return to the Test side with scores of 37 and 1 in two innings, although his contribution in the first innings was instrumental to build the innings after the top order failed and eventually India ended up winning the test match to take a 1-0 lead in the Border Gavaskar Trophy. During the game, he picked a minor injury which saw him miss the second test in Perth. He recovered for the Boxing Day test at the MCG and subsequently made his way to playing 11. He scored a gritty fifty (63*) to help India post a mammoth total of 443/7 as India went on to win the test, hence taking a 2-1 lead and retained the trophy. After the third test, Sharma had to return to India due to the birth of his daughter. The BCCI confirmed his departure and also stated

paragraph: that he would be back for the following ODI series. India eventually won the series, hence completing a historic test series victory in Australia.

paragraph: On 12 January 2019, in the first ODI against Australia at the SCG, he scored his 5th hundred in Australia, which made him the first Indian to score 5 ODI hundreds on Australian soil. Overall it was also his 22nd ODI hundred and became the joint third highest century getter for India alongside Sourav Ganguly. Sharma brought up 8000 runs in ODI cricket in the 5th ODI against Australia at the Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi. He became the joint fastest (200 innings) to the landmark along with former Indian captain Sourav Ganguly.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:2019 Cricket World Cup.

paragraph: On 15 April 2019, Sharma was appointed vice-captain of India's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup in England. In the opening match against South Africa, he scored 122, including his 12,000th run in international cricket. In the match against Sri Lanka, he became the first batsman to score five centuries in the same World Cup tournament, and equalled Sachin Tendulkar's record for the most centuries in all World Cup matches. Sharma totalled 648 runs in the tournament to finish as the leading run-scorer and win the ICC's Golden Bat award, the third Indian player to do so.

paragraph: Section::::Indian Premier League.

paragraph: Sharma has been one of the most successful players in Indian Premier League (IPL). He has one century and a hat-trick to his name. He is also one of the few players to score more than 4000 runs in the IPL.

paragraph: Sharma was signed up by the Deccan Chargers franchise for a sum of US$750,000 a year in 2008. He was one of the leading run scorers in the 2008 IPL season with 404 runs at an average of 36.72.

paragraph: In the 2009 season, he was appointed as the vice-captain of the Deccan Chargers. In a match against Kolkata Knight Riders where 21 was required off the last over, Sharma scored 26 off the over from Mashrafe Mortaza to seal a win. He was the fifth bowler to take an IPL hat-trick.

paragraph: In the 2011 auction, he was sold for US$2 million to the Mumbai Indians.

paragraph: Sharma scored his first IPL century against the Kolkata Knight Riders in 2012, getting 109* in 60 balls. He was also declared the Man of the Match.

paragraph: In 2013, Sharma was promoted as the permanent captain of the Mumbai Indians , as Ricky Ponting was benched due to poor form. Mumbai Indians won the IPL title for the first time, under his captaincy.

paragraph: It was a terrific season for him as a captain as his team went on to win the Champions League T20 as well.

paragraph: In 2015, he led Mumbai Indians to win the IPL title yet again by beating Chennai Super Kings with a margin of 41 runs in the final. He also won the Man of The Match award in the finals.

paragraph: In 2017, the Mumbai Indians finished at the top of the table and also went on to win the final under his captaincy.

paragraph: Sharma had a poor 2018 where he scored 286 runs in 14 innings (avg 23.83, SR 133). Poor form compounded with lackluster captaincy over the season saw the Mumbai Indians crashing out against Delhi in a must win match. Unable to qualify for the playoffs, they were not able to defend their fourth title.

paragraph: He became the first captain ever to win the IPL four times, after Mumbai defeated Chennai in the 2019 Final by 1 run in a nail-biting contest.

paragraph: Section::::Playing style.

paragraph: Sharma is considered an aggressive batsman but with style and elegance. He is usually an opening batsman in limited-overs cricket, but has played most of his Test cricket as a middle-order batsman.

paragraph: Sunil Gavaskar considers Sharma to have a batting style similar to those of Virender Sehwag and Viv Richards. In his column for "The Times of India" in November 2018, Gavaskar said: "The standout performer in both the limited overs series and the T20 series has been Rohit Sharma. Like Virender Sehwag before him, he is unstoppable once he gets going and like Viru he has an appetite for big hundreds. When Viru used to get out looking to hit another delivery out of the park, there used to be consternation around the ground, just like it is when Rohit gets out to a seemingly casual shot. If Rohit can turn his white ball exploits into red ball cricket, he will be the most destructive batsman in the world after Viv Richards and Virender Sehwag".

paragraph: While Sharma is not a regular bowler, he can bowl right arm off spin. He usually fields in the slips, alternatively at cover and silly point.

paragraph: Section::::Records and achievements.

paragraph: As of 31 July 2019, Sharma has scored 34 international centuries: three in Test cricket, 27 in One Day Internationals and four in Twenty20 Internationals. He holds the world record for the highest individual score by a batsman playing in a One Day International match, having scored 264 against Sri Lanka at Eden Gardens, Kolkata, on 13 November 2014. He is the only player to have scored three double-centuries in this form of international cricket. In Twenty20 International cricket, he currently holds the world records for most career runs (2,331) and most career centuries (four).

paragraph: Section::::Outside cricket.

paragraph: Section::::Outside cricket.:Personal life.

paragraph: In April 2015, Sharma got engaged to Ritika Sajdeh and they were married on 13 December 2015. Sharma and Sajdeh became parents to a baby girl on 30 December 2018 named Samaira.

paragraph: Section::::Outside cricket.:Commercial endorsements.

paragraph: Rohit Sharma has been sponsored by several brands including Swiss Watches brand Hublot, and CEAT, In his career spanning 11 years, Sharma has endorsed brands such as

paragraph: Maggi, Fair and Lovely, Lays, Nissan, Energy drink Relentless, Nasivion nasal spray, CEAT Limited, Hublot, Aristocrat by VIP Industries, Adidas and Oppo mobiles.

paragraph: In 2015, CEAT signed a 3-year endorsement deal with Sharma after his world record score of 2014 in a 2014 ODI. Commenting on the partnership, Anant Goenka, MD, CEAT Ltd said, "We are proud to announce Rohit Sharma as the latest Indian cricketer to join CEAT’s family. Rohit is not only an extremely talented batsman but also a great leader and an inspiration to young aspiring cricketers. We believe that his dynamic personality combined with his performance and dependability on the field represents the values that CEAT believes in."

paragraph: In 2016, Sharma signed as the "Brand Ambassador" for the world-famous watch brand Hublot becoming second renowned cricketer after former Australian captain Michael Clarke to be associated with the brand.

paragraph: Section::::Outside cricket.:Philanthropy.

paragraph: Rohit Sharma is noted for his philanthropic activities and promotes various causes such as Animal welfare, health and children. He is particularly vocal about the protection of animals and supported various initiatives and organizations to promote the cause.

paragraph: In February 2015, Sharma has joined the People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) to support sterilisation of homeless cats and dogs. When supporting the cause Sharma said, "Sterilisation is important because I feel that if we can stop (the homeless-animal crisis), there will be control of population among the street dogs".

paragraph: In September 2015, Sharma joined anti-poaching campaign in Kenya to save the wild animals of Africa including the last surviving Northern white rhinoceros of the rare species along with Hollywood actors Matt LeBlanc and Salma Hayek. When joining the campaign Sharma said, "I have been a member of PETA (People for Ethical Treatment of Animals) and when I was informed about the cause, I thought it is my duty to join the anti-poaching drive. That's what got me to Nairobi. I was fascinated to have a look at Sudan (Northern White Rhino) and the sniffer dogs, who catch hold of the poachers".

paragraph: In November 2017, Sharma in a video on social media said that he had tied up with an online store to merchandise mobile phone covers and other items that would use his name and ODI jersey No. 45. Sharma also said, "All proceeds from your purchases would go to an animal charity of my choice," to his Twitter followers.

paragraph: In 2018 on "World Rhino day", Sharma announced as WWF-India Rhino Ambassador.Speaking about the association with Sharma, "Ravi Singh", CEO and Secretary General, WWF-India said, "We are encouraged that sportsmen like Rohit are coming forward to support the call for conservation. Rohit’s contribution to international cricket is well known and his supporting the conservation of rhinoceros in India will help the cause of the species. We welcome Rohit into the WWF family." After taking pleadge for the cause of rhino conservation Sharma said, "My love for rhinos sparked when I first heard about Sudan, the last male northern white African rhino who passed away this year thus leading to the inevitable extinction of the entire species and that broke my heart. As the world and I mourned for my fallen friend Sudan, I researched the best way for me to help prevent something like this happening and the best way I know how is to create awareness. After getting in touch with WWF I learnt that 82% of the world’s rhinos reside in India and I am honoured to be WWF-India’s rhino ambassador to spread awareness and do my bit to contribute to the protection and survival of the rhino and help make this world a better place for them".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of India national cricket captains

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rohit Sharma Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rohit Sharma at Wisden

description: Indian cricketer

enwikiquote_title: Rohit Sharma

wikidata_label: Rohit Sharma

wikipedia_title: Rohit Sharma


text:
Early Birds of Aviation
Vitoria, Spain
Naipes Heraclio Fournier

categories: Members of the Early Birds of Aviation,1893 births,1962 deaths

paragraph: Heraclio Alfaro Fournier

paragraph: Heraclio Alfaro Fournier (September 20, 1893 – October 8, 1962) was an aviation pioneer, aeronautical engineer, and member of the Early Birds of Aviation.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Vitoria, Spain, Heraclio was the son of Juan Bautista Alfaro and grandson of Heraclius Fournier, founder of the famous card factory, Naipes Heraclio Fournier. At the Marianist school in that city, he was introduced to the nascent field of aviation by Louis Heintz.

description: Spanish aviator (1893-1962)

wikidata_label: Heraclio Alfaro Fournier

wikipedia_title: Heraclio Alfaro Fournier


text: William Burges

text: Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral

text: Cork

text: Cardiff

text: Cardiff Castle

text: Castell Coch

categories: English sculptors,1820s births,English male sculptors,People from Westminster

paragraph: Thomas Nicholls (sculptor)

paragraph: Thomas Nicholls ( – 24 March 1896) was an English sculptor. He established a long partnership with the architect William Burges, beginning with Burges's first major commission, Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral, Cork. He then followed Burges to Cardiff, working on both Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch, the fantasy palaces Burges constructed for John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute.

paragraph: Nicholls had two sons who followed him as sculptors, Thomas O. Nicholls (born c.1863) and Edward W. Nicholls (born c.1867).

description: English sculptor

wikidata_label: Thomas Nicholls

wikipedia_title: Thomas Nicholls (sculptor)


text: Prague

text: Malá Strana

text: architectural sculpture

text: Josef Zítek

text: National Theatre (Prague)

text: Josef Schulz

text: Osvald Polívka

text: Ladislav Šaloun

text: "Schnirch, Bohuslav."

text: Entry for Bohuslav Schnirch

text: Union List of Artist Names

categories: 1845 births,Czech sculptors,Czech architectural sculptors,1901 deaths,Czech male sculptors

paragraph: Bohuslav Schnirch

paragraph: Bohuslav Schnirch (10 August 1845 in Prague-Malá Strana – 30 September 1901) was a Czech sculptor perhaps best known for his architectural sculpture. Schnirch sculpted 10 of the 20 roof statues, and the interior sculpted pediment, on Josef Zítek's 1881 National Theatre (Prague).

paragraph: Other work includes the reliefs on the Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague, designed by architect Josef Schulz, and the two attic figural groups "Fire Alarm" and "Extinction of the Flames" on the Prague City Savings Bank, Old Town Square, for architect Osvald Polívka.

paragraph: Schnirch was the teacher of Ladislav Šaloun among others.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wittlich, Petr. "Schnirch, Bohuslav." In Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online, (accessed January 23, 2012; subscription required).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry for Bohuslav Schnirch on the Union List of Artist Names

paragraph: BULLET::::- The restoration of exterior statues on Prague's National Theater

description: Czech sculptor and chess player

wikidata_label: Bohuslav Schnirch

wikipedia_title: Bohuslav Schnirch


text:
fl.
Genoese
troubadour
vida
Bertolome Zorzi
Lanfranc Cigala
descort
Alfonso X of Castile
Galician-Portuguese
Occitan
sirventes
Bertran de Born
cantigas de amor
Henry III of England
Gascony
love songs
Arnaut Daniel
planh
Ferdinand III of Castile
Jean de Nostredame
Lombardy
Scotto
Luquet Gattulus
Genoa
Venice
tenso

categories: French male poets,Galician poets,Occitan-language poets,13th-century Portuguese poets,13th-century Italian people,Male composers,Portuguese male writers,People of the Republic of Genoa,Troubadours

paragraph: Bonifaci Calvo

paragraph: Bonifaci, Bonifatz, or Bonifacio Calvo (fl. 1253–1266) was a Genoese troubadour of the late thirteenth century. The only biographical account of (part of) his life is found in the "vida" of Bertolome Zorzi. He is, however, the most notable Genoese troubadour after Lanfranc Cigala. In total, nineteen of his poems and two "descorts" have survived.

paragraph: Bonifaci is known to have spent most of his career at the court of Alfonso X of Castile, where the prevailing language was Galician-Portuguese. He wrote primarily in Occitan, concentrating on "sirventes" in imitation of Bertran de Born, but he did take up the court language and wrote two "cantigas de amor" and a multilingual poem. He wrote one "sirventes" encouraging Alfonso to go to war with Henry III of England over Gascony, an event which provides a reliable date for the work's composition (1253–1254). Outside of "sirventes", he composed love songs in the style of Arnaut Daniel, but his most lauded work is a "planh" on the death of his lady.

paragraph: The notion that Bonifaci had been knighted by Ferdinand III of Castile and fell in love with Ferdinand's niece Berenguela, which inspired him to compose in Galician-Portuguese, is legendary, being based on an unreliable passage of Jean de Nostredame.

paragraph: In 1266 Bonifaci returned to Lombardy. He continued composing in Occitan, producing two "descorts" with Scotto and Luquet Gattulus. During a war between Genoa and Venice, Bonifaci composed a "sirventes", "Ges no m'es greu, s'ieu non sui ren prezatz" (It matters little to me if I am not esteemed), in which he blamed the Genoese for allowing themselves to be defeated the Venetians and insulting the latter. In response, Bertolome Zorzi, a Venetian prisoner of war, wrote "Molt me sui fort d'un chant mer[a]veillatz" (I was very much surprised by a song), defending his country's conduct and blaming Genoa for the war. According to Bertolome's "vida", Bonifaci was convinced by Bertolome's poem and the two became friends. They composed many "tensos" together.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cabré, Miriam. "Italian and Catalan troubadours" (pp. 127–140). "The Troubadours: An Introduction". Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egan, Margarita, ed. and trans. "The Vidas of the Troubadours". New York: Garland, 1984. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keller, Hans-Erich. "Bonifacio Calvo." "Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia". Christopher Kleinhenz, ed. New Jersey: Routledge, 2004. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lang, H. R. "The Relations of the Earliest Portuguese Lyric School with the Troubadours and Trouvères." "Modern Language Notes", 10:4 (Apr:1895), pp. 104–116.

description: Italian troubadour and composer

wikidata_label: Bonifaci Calvo

wikipedia_title: Bonifaci Calvo


text: American football

text: college football

text: defensive lineman

text: University of Michigan

text: New York Jets

text: American Football League

text: Birmingham, Alabama

text: Detroit

text: Eastern High School

text: shot put

text: University of Michigan

text: Michigan Wolverines football

text: 1964 Michigan Wolverines football team

text: Big Ten Conference

text: 1965 Rose Bowl

text: AP Poll

text: Central Press Association

text: Football News

text: Newspaper Enterprise Association

text: 1964 College Football All-America Team

text: 1965 Michigan Wolverines football team

text: 1966 AFL Draft

text: New York Jets

text: Time

text: tight end

text: defensive end

text: special-teamer

text: minor league

text: linebacker

text: databaseFootball.com

categories: American football offensive linemen,Michigan Wolverines football players,2010 deaths,Sportspeople from Birmingham, Alabama,People from Macomb County, Michigan,1944 births,New York Jets players,Players of American football from Michigan,All-American college football players

paragraph: Bill Yearby

paragraph: William M. Yearby (July 24, 1944 – December 20, 2010) was an American football player. He played college football as a defensive lineman at the University of Michigan from 1963 to 1965 and was selected as an All-American in 1964 and 1965. He played professional football for the New York Jets of the American Football League in 1966.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Yearby was born in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1944. He moved to Detroit as a child and attended Detroit's Eastern High School, where he was the Class A state champion in the shot put in 1962.

paragraph: Section::::University of Michigan.

paragraph: Yearby enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1962 and played college football for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1963 to 1965. He was a member of the 1964 Michigan Wolverines football team that won the Big Ten Conference championship, played in the 1965 Rose Bowl, and was ranked #4 in the final AP Poll. He was selected by the Central Press Association, "Football News", and Newspaper Enterprise Association as a first-team defensive tackle on the 1964 College Football All-America Team. As a senior, he was selected as a consensus All-American, and he was also named the Most Valuable Player on the 1965 Michigan Wolverines football team.

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.

paragraph: Yearby was selected in the first round of the 1966 AFL Draft by the New York Jets. In December 1965, "Time" magazine described Yearby as "a vicious tackier, always on target, always gets his man — and not 5 yds. downfield, like most college kids." The following week, "Time" noted that "Jets Owner Sonny Werblin signed Michigan's 230-lb. Tackle Bill Yearby to a contract at $1,000 per pound." Yearby played only one season, 1966, for the Jets. The Jets' web site notes that Yearby "missed valuable training camp practice because of All-Star game and injury suffered in pre-season game," and that coaches at Michigan said he was "extremely quick" and could have been a starter on the Michigan basketball team.

paragraph: A terrific athlete, Yearby was projected to play tight end for the Jets. In 1966, a bad knee limited him to spot appearances as a fill-in defensive end and special-teamer. In 1967, Yearby's knee was still not right, and he was farmed out to the Bridgeport Knights of the Atlantic Coast Conference, who were the Jets' minor league affiliate. While playing linebacker for the Knights, Yearby hurt his knee again, and his pro football career was over.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: Yearby died in 2010 at age 66.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Michigan Wolverines football All-Americans

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- databaseFootball.com

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Bill Yearby

wikipedia_title: Bill Yearby


text:
Hungarian
sculptor
bronze
statuettes
Jan Palach
Mělník
Alsógöd
Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl
Berlin
London
plaquette
Árpád Tóth
Bartók
Móricz
Thomas Mann
Paris
Paris
Saint-John Perse
Paris
Beck's sculpture in France
Hungarian art

categories: 1985 deaths,1911 births,20th-century Hungarian sculptors

paragraph: András Beck

paragraph: András Beck (1911–1985) was a Hungarian sculptor. He was noted for his

paragraph: symbolic and expressionist bronze statuettes and portrait busts.

paragraph: His 3.5-metre-tall statue commemorating the death of Jan Palach was transported from France to the Czech Republic to be installed in Mělník, the city of studies of Jan Palach, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of his death.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Beck was born in Alsógöd in 1911. His father, artist Ödön Fülöp Beck, trained him from a young age, and he later became a pupil of Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl at the Hungarian Art School for three years, where his talent began to flourish. He left on a study trip to Berlin and then London, where his early works were exhibited.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: From the 1930s he became well known for his expressionist sculpture, creating plaquettes of Árpád Tóth, Bartók, Móricz, and Thomas Mann. Between 1945 and 1955 he was hired to sculpt figures for display in various towns and cities. Settling permanently in Paris in 1956, in 1963 his lyrical works were exhibited at the Galerie Lambert.

paragraph: In 1947 Beck was appointed the president of the Trade Union of Hungarian Artists, subsequently leaving for Paris, where in 1948 he became teacher of the Art School.

paragraph: In the late 1960s he created "Refugees" (1967) and "Dance" (1969) and his famous "Masque de Saint-John Perse" bronze mask of writer Saint-John Perse.

paragraph: By the late 1970s he was employed at the Mint in Paris, where a number of his works were exhibited but retired from active sculpture creation in 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died in Paris in 1985 in a car accident.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beck's sculpture in France

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian art

description: Hungarian sculptor

wikidata_label: András Beck

wikipedia_title: András Beck