text: botanical illustrator

text: Matthew Flinders

text: Feldsberg

text: Prince of Liechtenstein

text: Franz Andreas

text: Norbert Boccius

text: Nikolaus von Jacquin

text: Schönbrunn Palace

text: microscopy

text: John Sibthorp

text: Flora Graeca

text: Matthew Flinders

text: Joseph Banks

text: Robert Brown

text: Norfolk Island

text: New South Wales

text: Illustrationes Florae Novae Hollandiae

text: Voyage to Terra Australis

text: Franz Bauer

text: John Lhotsky

text: Bauera

text: Cape Bauer

text: Wilfrid Blunt

text: William Stearn

text: University of Oxford

text: author abbreviation

text: citing

text: botanical name

text: List of Austrian artists and architects

text: Norst, Marlene

text: Norst, MJ.

text: Bauer, Ferdinand (1760–1826)

categories: Botany in Western Australia,Austrian illustrators,Scientific illustrators,Bird artists,1760 births,Botanical collectors active in Australia,People from Valtice,Botanists with author abbreviations,1826 deaths,Botanical illustrators

paragraph: Ferdinand Bauer

paragraph: Ferdinand Lucas Bauer (20 January 1760 – 17 March 1826) was an Austrian botanical illustrator who travelled on Matthew Flinders' expedition to Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Bauer was born in Feldsberg in 1760, the youngest son of Lucas Bauer (?–1761) – court painter to the Prince of Liechtenstein – but was left fatherless in his first year of life. The eldest son was the successor to their father's position. Together with two of his brothers, Joseph Anton and Franz Andreas, he was placed in the custody of Norbert Boccius (1729–1806), a physician and botanist who was Prior of the monastery at Feldsberg. Under the guidance of Boccius, Bauer became an astute observer of nature and was just 15 when he began to contribute miniature drawings to Boccius' collection. In 1780, Franz and Ferdinand were sent to Vienna to work under the direction of Nikolaus von Jacquin, an eminent botanist and Director of the Royal Botanical Garden at Schönbrunn Palace. There, Bauer was introduced to the Linnean taxonomic system, the field of microscopy, and took lessons in landscape painting.

paragraph: In mid-1786, on the recommendation of Jacquin, Bauer accompanied the Oxford Professor John Sibthorp as an artist on a field trip to Greece and Asia Minor. They returned to England in December 1787 with over 1,500 sketches of plants, animals, birds and landscapes, some of which appeared in "Flora Graeca". The Latin introduction to this work states "Sibthorp took with him a painter of excellent reputation, Ferdinand Bauer, whose merits our illustrations demonstrate." Joseph Hooker called "Flora Graeca", with its 966 superbly hand-coloured illustrations, "the greatest botanical work that has ever appeared" ("On the Flora of Australia", London, 1859).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Australia.

paragraph: Bauer later travelled to Australia with Matthew Flinders as botanical draughtsman. He was one of six scientists selected by Sir Joseph Banks to accompany Flinders on his circumnavigation of Australia. He worked under the direction of botanist Robert Brown, and in addition to botany, Bauer was to draw zoological subjects. His exacting standard of work earned him the admiration of both Matthew Flinders and Robert Brown. In a letter to Banks from Port Jackson, dated 20 May 1802, Flinders offered this praise: “[It] was fortunate for science that two such men as Mr Brown and Mr Bauer have been selected, their application is beyond what I have been accustomed to see." Writing to Banks ten days later, Brown reported that Bauer had made 350 plant sketches and 100 of animals, and had "indeed been indefatigable and . . . bestowed infinite pains on the dissections of the parts of fructification of the plants.”

paragraph: Bauer, intent on capturing accurately the tone and shading of his specimens, but unable to carry with him the range of colours needed, covered his preliminary sketches with colour numbers. Banks was intrigued by Bauer's precision, and in January 1806 wrote that they "were prepared in such a manner by reference to a table of colours as to enable him to finish them at his leisure with perfect accuracy". A 2017 book contains reproductions of collections in Europe, the United Kingdom and Australia that have never before been published and reveals Bauer's innovative colour-coding technique for the first time.

paragraph: In June 1803, while Flinders returned to England in order to obtain a replacement for the "Investigator", Bauer remained in Australia. He went to Norfolk Island for eight months and also undertook excursions to Newcastle, the Blue Mountains and the south coast of New South Wales. Bauer returned to England on the "Investigator", accompanied by 11 cases of drawings containing 1,542 Australian plants, 180 Norfolk Island plants, and over 300 animals.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Return to Europe.

paragraph: After Bauer's return to England on 13 October 1805, the Admiralty continued to employ Bauer to allow him to publish an account of his travels. Bauer worked on the "Illustrationes Florae Novae Hollandiae" for five years, doing all the engraving himself. He also contributed ten plates to Flinders' "Voyage to Terra Australis".

paragraph: From 1806 to 1813, 50 sets of Bauer's "Illustrationes" were published in three parts. Unfortunately, the publishing venture was a failure, and in August 1814 Bauer returned to Vienna, but continued to do much work for English publications including Lambert's "Pinus" and Lindley's "Digitalis". He acquired a small house in Hietzing near the Schönbrunn Botanical Garden and spent his time painting and making excursions into the Austrian Alps until shortly before his death from dropsy on 17 March 1826.

paragraph: The bulk of Bauer's finished paintings was acquired by the British Admiralty. In 1843 they were transferred to the British Museum together with additional paintings that Robert Brown had bought from Franz Bauer. Most of the sketches, as well as the herbarium and a collection of skins, were acquired by the Austrian Imperial Museum and are now housed in the Natural History Museum in Vienna.

paragraph: Whereas Bauer's brother, Franz, is remembered both by a portrait and a memorial in Kew, Ferdinand Bauer himself has no portrait or stone to commemorate him other than a mention in Franz's epitaph in St Anne's Chapel in Kew: “In the delineation of plants he [Franz] united the accuracy of a profound naturalist with the skill of the accomplished artist, to a degree which has been only equalled by his brother Ferdinand.”

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Legacy.

paragraph: Bauer's biographer, John Lhotsky, whose purpose in writing Bauer's biography was to revive interest in the man and his work, suggested in 1843 that Bauer's name would "long live in the recollections of posterity" because of his drawings, the genus "Bauera" that was named after him, and Cape Bauer in South Australia, named by Flinders. But soon after his death, although acclaimed by his contemporaries as the greatest of botanical artists, Bauer's name was almost forgotten. He was single-minded and obsessional about his work and had no time or talent for self-promotion, which may go some way to explaining his long years in the historical wilderness.

paragraph: Lhotsky did revive Bauer's name, but his brief biography remained the only source of information about the naturalist-painter for the next 100 years. Bauer's gained some prominence in the 1970s with the work of Drs Wilfrid Blunt and William Stearn in their publication "The Australian Flower Paintings of Ferdinand Bauer" (Basilisk Press, 1976). The 1988 Bicentenary brought original Bauer paintings to Australia for the first time, where they were shown in three exhibitions, including "First Impressions" shown at the Australian Museum. In April 1989 the first monograph about Ferdinand Bauer's Australian voyage appeared, "Ferdinand Bauer: the Australian Natural History Drawings". Drawing on both the English and Austrian collections, it also reproduced all of Bauer’s known letters in translation. In 1985, 100 uncatalogued animal sketches by Bauer were found in Vienna, and some of them were included in the monograph.

paragraph: Bauer’s sketched the flora and fauna of the Australian coast and Norfolk Island, and left behind a wonderful visual record. In an essay on flower painting written in 1817, Johann Goethe devoted two pages to an analysis of one of Bauer’s drawings: “ . . . we are enchanted at the sight of these leaves: nature is revealed, art concealed, great in its precision, gentle in its execution, decisive and satisfying in its appearance”. His work has lasting important because of his craftsmanship, aesthetic sense and scientific accuracy.

paragraph: Many of Bauer's watercolours are in the Sherardian Library of Plant Taxonomy at the University of Oxford, which has also digitised his botanical work "Flora Graeca".

paragraph: This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation F.L.Bauer when citing a botanical name.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Australian botanical illustrators

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Austrian artists and architects

paragraph: BULLET::::- European and American voyages of scientific exploration

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (see Stearn 1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blunt, W. & Steam, W., "The Australian flower paintings of Ferdinand Saner", Basilisk Press: London, 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lhotsky, J., "Biographical sketch of Ferdinand Bauer, natural history painter to the expedition of Captain Flinders, R.N., to Terra Australis", J. Bot. 2: 106, 1843

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mabberley, David, "Ferdinand Bauer, the Nature of Discovery", Merrell Holberton and the Natural History Museum, London, 1999, 128 pp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mabberley, David J. and Moore, David T., "Catalogue of the Holdings in the Natural History Museum (London) of the Australian Botanical Drawings of Ferdinand Bauer (1760–1826) and Cognate Materials Relating to the Investigator Voyage of 1801–1805", Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 29(2), 81–226, London, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norst, Marlene, "Ferdinand Bauer: the Australian Natural History Drawings", British Museum of Natural History/Lothian, London/Melbourne, 1989, 120 pp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norst, MJ., "Austrians and Australia", Athena Press, Sydney, 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watts, Peter, Pomfrett, Jo Anne and Mabberley, David, "An Exquisite Eye: the Australian Flora and Fauna Drawings 1812–1820 of Ferdinand Bauer", Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales, Sydney, 1997, 167 pp.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bauer, Ferdinand (1760–1826) National Library of Australia, "Trove, People and Organisation" record for Ferdinand Bauer

paragraph: BULLET::::- View more biographical information about and digitized titles by Ferdinand Bauer in "Botanicus.org"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Macquarie University – Dr. Marlene Norst demonstrating Ferdinand Bauer's drawings

alias:
Ferdinand Lucas Bauer
F.L.Bauer
Bauer
Ferdinand Lukas Bauer

description: Austrian botanist illustrator

wikidata_label: Ferdinand Bauer

wikipedia_title: Ferdinand Bauer


text: Windsor, Berkshire

text: A Midsummer Night's Dream

text: Gaiety Girls

text: Gaiety Theatre

text: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree

text: Antony and Cleopatra

text: His Majesty's Theatre

text: Mark Antony

text: Cleopatra

text: Percy Macquoid

text: Alexandria

text: The Mystery of Edwin Drood

text: Charles Dickens

text: D. W. Griffith

text: Intolerance

text: disastrous first film interpretation

text: Macbeth

text: Julian L'Estrange

text: Ivor Novello

text: insulin

text: Frederick Banting

text: Our Betters

text: The Rat

text: Edwin Justus Mayer

text: Deems Taylor

text: Peter Ibbetson

text: Metropolitan Opera

text: Luise Rainer

text: silent actor

text: Colleen Moore

text: Kevin Brownlow

text: Hollywood

text: George S. Kaufman

text: Edna Ferber

text: Dinner at Eight

text: 1933 film version

text: Marie Dressler

text: Stage Door

text: Mitchell Leisen

text: Kitty

text: Ray Milland

text: Perils of Pauline

text: Betty Hutton

text: Alfred Hitchcock

text: Rope

text: Otto Preminger

text: Whirlpool

text: Katharine Hepburn

text: Audrey Hepburn

text: Vivien Leigh

text: Marilyn Monroe

text: Katharine Hepburn

text: Hollywood Walk of Fame

text: Manhattan

text: The Tongues of Men

text: The Code of Marcia Gray

text: Macbeth

text: Intolerance

text: The Impossible Woman

text: Bleak House

text: The Bohemian Girl

text: Shadow of Doubt

text: Anna Karenina

text: Professional Soldier

text: Little Lord Fauntleroy

text: Girls' Dormitory

text: Thunder in the City

text: Wee Willie Winkie

text: Clothes and the Woman

text: Stage Door

text: A Damsel in Distress

text: Zaza

text: Half a Sinner

text: Susan and God

text: Kitty

text: The Dark Corner

text: Monsieur Beaucaire

text: The Perils of Pauline

text: An Ideal Husband

text: Rope

text: The Girl from Manhattan

text: Whirlpool

text: Constance Collier

text: Constance Collier

text: Julian L'Estrange

text: Constance Collier portrait gallery

text: Maurice Farman Longhorn

categories: Women librettists,English stage actresses,Acting coaches,20th-century American actresses,English tax resisters,1955 deaths,1878 births,British emigrants to the United States,English film actresses,English silent film actresses,American silent film actresses,19th-century English actresses,American opera librettists,20th-century English actresses

paragraph: Constance Collier

paragraph: Constance Collier (born Laura Constance Hardie; 22 January 1878 – 25 April 1955) was an English stage and film actress and acting coach.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and stage career.

paragraph: Born Laura Constance Hardie in Windsor, Berkshire to Cheetham Agaste Hardie and Eliza Collier, Constance Collier made her stage debut at the age of three, when she played Fairy Peasblossom in "A Midsummer Night's Dream". In 1893, at the age of 15, she joined the Gaiety Girls, the famous dance troupe based at the Gaiety Theatre in London. She was a very beautiful woman and soon became so tall that she towered over all the other dancers. In addition, she had an enormous personality and considerable determination. On 27 December 1906, Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree's extravagant revival of "Antony and Cleopatra" opened at His Majesty's Theatre, with Tree as Mark Antony and Collier as Cleopatra, a performance for which she received much critical praise.

paragraph: Famed for his realistic productions, Tree and his designer, Percy Macquoid, dressed Collier in a range of spectacular costumes. Later, Collier commented: "There is only a mention in the play of Cleopatra appearing as the goddess Isis. Tree elaborated this into a great tableau... Cleopatra, robed in silver, crowned in silver, carrying a golden scepter and the symbol of the sacred golden calf in her hand, went in procession through the streets of Alexandria, the ragged, screaming populace acclaiming the Queen, half in hate, half in superstitious fear and joy as she made her sacrilegious ascent to her high throne in the market-place."

paragraph: Collier was now established as a popular and distinguished actress. In January 1908, she starred with Beerbohm Tree at His Majesty's Theatre in J. Comyn's new play "The Mystery of Edwin Drood", based on Charles Dickens's unfinished novel of the same name. Later that year, she made the first of several tours of the United States. During the second, made with Beerbohm Tree in 1916, she made four silent films, including an uncredited appearance in D. W. Griffith's "Intolerance" (she can be seen being carried through the entrance to the city in the Babylonian part of the film) and as Lady Macbeth in Tree's disastrous first film interpretation of Shakespeare's "Macbeth".

paragraph: In 1905, Collier married English actor Julian Boyle (stage name Julian L'Estrange), a forerunner of Clark Gable in looks and style. They performed together for many years until his death in 1918 in New York from influenza. No children were born from the marriage.

paragraph: In the early 1920s, she established a close friendship with Ivor Novello, who was then a young, handsome actor. Around the same time, Collier became seriously ill from diabetes. First sent to Switzerland for treatment in 1923 then taken to a doctor in Strasbourg, she was the first patient in Europe ever to be treated with the drug insulin following its recent discovery by Frederick Banting and others in Toronto. Fully recovered, she played the Duchesse de Surennes in Somerset Maugham's comedy "Our Betters", and in the following year, collaborated with Ivor Novello on a play called "The Rat". She also appeared in several plays with him, including the British version of the American success, "The Firebrand" by Edwin Justus Mayer. Her writing career is notable for her collaboration with Deems Taylor on the libretto of the opera "Peter Ibbetson", which was premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in February 1931 and which received mixed reviews. In 1935, upon her arrival in Hollywood, Luise Rainer hired Collier to improve Rainer's theatre acting and English, and to learn the basics of film acting.

paragraph: Section::::Hollywood.

paragraph: In the late 1920s Collier relocated to Hollywood where she became a voice coach and teacher in diction. This was during the tumultuous changeover from silent films to sound and many silent actors with no theatre training were scrambling for lessons.

paragraph: Her most famous pupil was arguably Colleen Moore. Film historian Kevin Brownlow interviewed Moore for the series "Hollywood" (1980) about the silent film era. Moore recounted that upon taking voice lessons from a "very famous lady" the teacher asked "is it true that you make 10,000 dollars a week?" Moore replied, "no ma'am, I make 12,500 a week". The teacher Moore was referring to was Constance Collier. Collier nevertheless maintained ties to Broadway and would appear in several plays in the 1930s.

paragraph: In 1932 Collier starred as Carlotta Vance in the original production of George S. Kaufman and Edna Ferber's comedy "Dinner at Eight". The role was played in the 1933 film version by Marie Dressler.

paragraph: She appeared in the films "Stage Door" (1937), Mitchell Leisen's "Kitty" (1945, a comedic performance as Lady Susan, the drunken aunt of Ray Milland), "Perils of Pauline" with Betty Hutton, Alfred Hitchcock's "Rope" (1948) and Otto Preminger's "Whirlpool" (1949).

paragraph: During the making of the film version of "Stage Door", she became great friends with Katharine Hepburn, a friendship that lasted the rest of Collier's life.

paragraph: Collier was presented with the American Shakespeare Festival Theatre Award for distinguished service in training and guiding actors in Shakespearean roles. Collier was a drama coach for many famous actors, including Audrey Hepburn, Vivien Leigh and Marilyn Monroe. She also coached Katharine Hepburn during Hepburn's world tour performing Shakespeare in the '50s. Upon Collier's death in 1955, Hepburn "inherited" Collier's secretary Phyllis Wilbourn, who remained with Hepburn as her secretary for 40 years. Collier has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Collier died of a heart attack in Manhattan on 25 April 1955 at the age of 77. The marriage to L'Estrange produced no children and she never remarried.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Silent

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tongues of Men" (1916) – Jane Bartlett

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Code of Marcia Gray" (1916) – Marcia Gray

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Macbeth" (1916) – Lady Macbeth

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intolerance" (1916) – Extra (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Impossible Woman" (1919) – Mme. Kraska

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bleak House" (1920) – Lady Dedlock

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bohemian Girl" (1922) – Queen

paragraph: Sound

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shadow of Doubt" (1935) – Aunt Melissa Pilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anna Karenina" (1935) – Countess Lidia (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Professional Soldier" (1935) – Lady Augusta

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Lord Fauntleroy" (1936) – Lady Lorridaile

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Girls' Dormitory" (1936) – Professor Augusta Wimmer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thunder in the City" (1937) – The Duchess

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wee Willie Winkie" (1937) – Mrs. Allardyce

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clothes and the Woman" (1937) – Eugenia

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stage Door" (1937) – Miss Luther

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Damsel in Distress" (1937) – Lady Caroline

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zaza" (1939) – Nathalie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Half a Sinner" (1940) – Mrs. Jefferson Breckenbridge

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Susan and God" (1940) – Lady Wigstaff

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kitty" (1945) – Lady Susan Dowitt

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dark Corner" (1946) – Mrs. Kingsley

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monsieur Beaucaire" (1946) – The Queen of France

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Perils of Pauline" (1947) – Julia Gibbs

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Ideal Husband" (1947) – Lady Markby

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rope" (1948) – Mrs. Anita Atwater

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Girl from Manhattan" (1948) – Mrs. Brooke

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Whirlpool" (1949) – Tina Cosgrove (final film role)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Met Opera archives with quotes from various music critics on the premier of Peter Ibettson

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Harlequinade: The Story of My Life", John Lane The Bodley Head (1929)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constance Collier photo gallery at NYP Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constance Collier picture gallery as a young woman at National Portrait Gallery, England

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collier in 1898 aged 20 on Philip Morris cigarette package

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julian L'Estrange husband of Constance Collier (Wayback Machine)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constance Collier portrait gallery University of Washington Sayre Collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collier goes for a ride in a pioneer airplane; during 1914 London-to-Manchester-to-London Air Race...the plane is a Maurice Farman Longhorn

description: British actress

wikidata_label: Constance Collier

wikipedia_title: Constance Collier


href: Italy jurist Carolus%20de%20Tocco Cremona Bologna Bulgarus Azo%20%28jurist%29 Friedrich%20Karl%20von%20Savigny Glossators praetor Pandects Nicolaus%20Furiosus

text:
Italian
jurist
Carolus de Tocco
Cremona
Bologna
Bulgarus
Azo
Savigny
Glossators
praetor
Pandects
Nicolaus Furiosus

categories: 12th-century jurists,Italian jurists,12th-century Italian writers

paragraph: Joannes Bassianus

paragraph: Joannes Bassianus was an Italian jurist of the 12th century.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Little is known of his origin, but he is said by his jurist contemporary Carolus de Tocco (Carlo di Tocco) to have been a native of Cremona. He was a professor in the law school of Bologna, the pupil of Bulgarus, and the master of Azo. The most important of his writings which have been preserved in his "Summary on the Authentica", which Savigny regarded as one of the most precious works of the Glossators.

paragraph: Joannes, as he is generally termed, was remarkable for his talent in inventing ingenious forms for explaining his ideas with greater precision, and perhaps his most celebrated work is his "Law-Tree," which he entitled "Arbor Arborum", and which has been the subject of numerous commentaries. The work presents a tree, upon the branches of which the various kinds of actions are arranged after the manner of fruit. The civil actions, or "actiones stricti juris", being forty-eight in number, are arranged on one side, whilst the equitable or praetorian ' actions, in number one hundred and twenty-one, are arranged on the other side.

paragraph: A further scientific division of actions was made by him under twelve heads, and by an ingenious system of notation the student was enabled to class at once each of the civil or praetorian actions, as the case might be, under its proper head in the scientific division. By the side of the tree a few glosses were added by Joannes to explain and justify his classification. His Lectures on the Pandects and the Code, which were collected by his pupil Nicolaus Furiosus, have unfortunately perished.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis Zulueta and Peter Stein, eds., "Introduction," "The Teaching of Roman Law in England Around 1200" The Selden Society, 1990

description: medieval italian jurist

wikidata_label: Joannes Bassianus

wikipedia_title: Joannes Bassianus


text: xylophone

text: marimba

text: vibraphone

text: percussion

text: Frank Zappa

text: Mothers of Invention

text: Ithaca College

text: Saul Goodman

text: Juilliard

text: married name

text: Ian Underwood

text: The Hamilton Face Band

text: Philips Records

text: Bell Records

text: Apostrophe (')

text: Roxy & Elsewhere

text: Inca Roads

text: One Size Fits All

text: 200 Motels

text: sessions

text: Ambrosia

text: Jasun Martz

text: George Duke

text: Nexus

text: 200 Motels

text: Baby Snakes

text: The Dub Room Special

text: The Amazing Mr. Bickford

text: Video From Hell

categories: The Mothers of Invention members,American marimbists,Marimbists,1946 births,Living people

paragraph: Ruth Underwood

paragraph: Ruth Underwood (born Ruth Komanoff, May 23, 1946) is a musician best known for playing xylophone, marimba, vibraphone and other percussion instruments in Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.

paragraph: Underwood played with Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention from 1972 to 1977.

paragraph: Underwood began her music training in the classical tradition, studying both at Ithaca College under Warren Benson and under Saul Goodman at Juilliard. Throughout 1967, she kept a regular attendance at the Garrick Theater in New York City when Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention was the resident band, resulting in her association with Zappa beginning in December 1967.

paragraph: Using both her birth name, Ruth Komanoff, and her married name - she married fellow Zappa musician Ian Underwood in May 1969; they divorced in 1986 - Underwood also appeared on drums with a rock group named The Hamilton Face Band during 1969, appearing on some of their recordings released by Philips Records and Bell Records.

paragraph: Underwood went on to perform in over twenty Zappa/Mothers recordings. Examples of her virtuosity can be heard on tracks including the "Rollo Interior interlude" from "St. Alfonzo's Pancake Breakfast", from the "Apostrophe (')" album (1974). Equally impressive work is documented on "Roxy & Elsewhere" (1974) and on "Inca Roads", the opening track on "One Size Fits All" (1975). Some glimpses of Underwood in action can be seen in the Zappa movie "200 Motels" (1971), and the "Dub Room Special" DVD, which includes performances from the KCET Special "A Token Of His Extreme". She also features in the film of the Roxy performances.

paragraph: During the 1970s Underwood played sessions for a small number of other performers, most notably the band Ambrosia, Jasun Martz and jazz-keyboardist George Duke, the latter a Zappa bandmate. By some accounts (which are vague), she retired from music by about 1980, concentrating instead on her family and raising two children, both of whom are also accomplished classical musicians. However, in a 1993 interview she revealed that she played on one final session for Zappa shortly before his death from cancer in December of that year.

paragraph: In 2008, she commissioned Gordon Stout to write a work for Nexus.

paragraph: According to an article :

paragraph: Section::::Movie appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "200 Motels"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baby Snakes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dub Room Special"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Amazing Mr. Bickford"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video From Hell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The True Story of Frank Zappa's 200 Motels"

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Ruth Underwood

wikipedia_title: Ruth Underwood


text: professional

text: baseball

text: Major League Baseball

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: Seattle Mariners

text: catcher

text: fielding percentage

text: 1981 Little League World Series

text: 1987 Major League Baseball Draft

text: New York Mets

text: University of Minnesota

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: Charleston Wheelers

text: South Atlantic League

text: batting

text: Chattanooga

text: Triple-A

text: American Association

text: minor leagues

text: Indianapolis Indians

text: Bret Boone

text: spring training

text: Dave Valle

text: American League Western Division

text: pennant

text: games played

text: home run

text: runs batted in

text: OPS

text: All-Star

text: Jamie Moyer

text: Randy Johnson

text: inside-the-park

text: grand slam

text: Miguel Olivo

text: anterior cruciate ligament

text: Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

text: Oakland Athletics

text: Bobby Kielty

text: center field

text: games

text: hits

text: at bats

text: home run

text: runs batted in

text: fielding percentage

text: American League

text: putout

text: caught stealing

text: range factor

text: putout

text: total chances

text: error

text: Félix Hernández

text: first perfect game

text: "Another M's icon hangs it up

text: Seattle Post-Intelligencer

text: "Brothers in Arms"

text: Focus on the Family

categories: Tacoma Rainiers players,Major League Baseball catchers,American League All-Stars,Chattanooga Lookouts players,Baseball players from Illinois,1969 births,San Antonio Missions players,Seattle Mariners broadcasters,Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball players,People from Barrington, Illinois,Indianapolis Indians players,Everett AquaSox players,Seattle Mariners players,Charleston Wheelers players,Cincinnati Reds players,Living people,Nashville Sounds players

paragraph: Dan Wilson (baseball)

paragraph: Daniel Allen Wilson (born March 25, 1969), is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds and the Seattle Mariners, primarily as a catcher. He is regarded as one of the best defensive catchers in major-league history, setting an American League record for catchers with a .995 career fielding percentage.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.:Little League and High School.

paragraph: Wilson excelled as a baseball player from a very early age. He led his hometown Barrington, Illinois team to a 3rd-place finish in the 1981 Little League World Series. At Barrington High School (Lake County, Illinois) he starred as a pitcher and catcher.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.:Minor leagues (1990–1993).

paragraph: Wilson was first drafted in the 26th round of the 1987 Major League Baseball Draft by the New York Mets. He did not sign with the Mets, electing to instead go to the University of Minnesota. He re-entered the draft in 1990; he was selected in the first round, seventh overall, by the Cincinnati Reds. He signed in time to play 32 games with the Charleston Wheelers of the South Atlantic League. He returned to Charleston at the start of the 1991 season, batting .315 in 52 games before earning a promotion to Class AA Chattanooga. He started the 1992 season with Nashville in the Triple-A American Association, and he batted .251 in 106 games there before earning a September callup to the major leagues at age 23. He returned to the minor leagues the following year, going to the Indianapolis Indians since the Reds had changed their AAA affiliation after the 1992 season, and he played 51 games for the Indians as well as 36 games in the majors for the Reds.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.:Seattle Mariners (1994–2005).

paragraph: After the 1993 season, the Reds traded Wilson to the Seattle Mariners for second baseman Bret Boone. He made the Mariners' roster out of spring training and became an established major-league player, replacing Dave Valle as the Mariners catcher. In his first full season in the majors, he struggled at the plate, batting .216, but he showed signs of his defensive ability with a .986 fielding percentage. That turned out to be the lowest fielding percentage he would have in the years he spent as the Mariners' primary catcher. The 1995 season went better for him; he played 119 games, batting .278 and raising his fielding percentage to .995, as the Mariners won the American League Western Division pennant.

paragraph: In 1996, Wilson set career highs with 146 games played, 18 home runs, 83 runs batted in, and a .774 OPS. In addition, he made his only All-Star appearance. Wilson hit three home runs in an April 11, 1996 game in Detroit. The 1996 season was also his first working with starting pitcher Jamie Moyer; Randy Johnson was another pitcher he spent several seasons catching with the Mariners. In 1998 Wilson hit an inside-the-park-grand slam, an unusual feat for any ballplayer, and especially for a catcher. Wilson remained a dependable battery mate for Mariners pitchers over the next several seasons. In the 2000 season, Wilson's numbers declined to a .235 batting average and .990 fielding percentage; he was also limited to 90 games because of injuries. However, in 2001, he regained his form, playing 123 games (122 at catcher) and posting a .265 batting average and a .999 fielding percentage (one error in 744 total chances). Although it was becoming late in his career, he posted a .295 batting average in 115 games for the Mariners in 2002, and a .998 fielding percentage over 96 games in 2003. In what ended up being his last full healthy season in the majors, he batted .251 with 33 RBI in 2004.

paragraph: Wilson lost his starting job at the beginning of the 2005 season to Miguel Olivo. On May 4, he suffered a torn anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee during a game against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. Wilson had intended the 2005 season to be his last as a player, and he announced his retirement, effective at the end of the 2005 season, on September 12. Although a torn ACL commonly keeps athletes sidelined for most of a season, Wilson spent most of the rest of the season rehabilitating his knee and was activated from the disabled list on September 30. He came back for one final inning on September 30 against the Oakland Athletics; he had not recovered enough to swing a bat, but he was able to crouch and throw. The Mariners' starting pitcher in that game was Jamie Moyer, with whom Wilson had formed a battery for 190 previous starts dating back to 1996. Moyer pitched to five batters in the inning, which ended when Bobby Kielty flied out to center field, and the Athletics scored no runs. Moyer went on to pitch seven more innings, and the Mariners defeated the Athletics, 4–1.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: In a fourteen-year major league career, Wilson played in 1,299 games, accumulating 1,097 hits in 4,186 at bats for a .262 career batting average along with 88 home runs and 519 runs batted in. He ended his career with a .995 fielding percentage; the highest for a catcher in American League history, and the sixth highest in major league history. Wilson led American League catchers twice in fielding percentage, twice in putouts, twice in baserunners caught stealing and twice in range factor.

paragraph: Wilson set an American League record for catchers with 1,051 putouts in 1997, the fourth highest season total for a catcher in major league history. His 1,128 total chances in 1997 were the sixth highest season total for a catcher in major league history. In 2001, Wilson committed only one error in 122 games, for a .9987 fielding percentage, the fourth highest season average in major league history. He played in more games as a catcher than any other player in Mariners history (1,281).

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: On January 17, 2012, Wilson was named to the Mariners Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Since 2011, he has appeared as one of the color commentators for Seattle Mariners baseball games on Root Sports. Notably, along with Dave Sims, Wilson called the game on August 15, 2012 when Félix Hernández pitched the first perfect game in Mariners' franchise history. He was also broadcasting on Root Sports on June 8, 2012 when six Mariners' pitchers combined for a no-hitter.

paragraph: On November 3, 2013, the Mariners announced that Wilson will become the team's Minor League Catching Coordinator.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Another M's icon hangs it up - from the "Seattle Post-Intelligencer"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brothers in Arms" - Interview along with Jamie Moyer for Focus on the Family's "Breakaway" magazine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dan Wilson Profile, Baseball Digest, August 1996

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Dan Wilson

wikipedia_title: Dan Wilson (baseball)


text: French

text: astronomer

text: Rouen

text: France

text: comet

text: elliptical

text: parabolic

text: orbit

text: Johannes Hevelius

text: Académie Royale des Sciences

text: Paris Observatory

text: Fellow of the Royal Society

text: Italy

text: Rome

text: telescope

text: micrometer

text: aerial telescope

text: animal

text: Moon

text: mercury

text: barometer

text: Jean Picard

text: quadrant

text: Earth

text: Auzout

text: Moon crater

text: Galileo Project entry

categories: Scientific instrument makers,1691 deaths,French Roman Catholics,1622 births,17th-century French people,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,17th-century astronomers,French astronomers

paragraph: Adrien Auzout

paragraph: Adrien Auzout [pronounced in French somewhat like o-zoo] (28 January 1622 – 23 May 1691) was a French astronomer.

paragraph: He was born in Rouen, France, the eldest child of a clerk in the court of Rouen. His educational background is unknown, although he may have attended the Jesuit college in Rouen. Adrien left for Paris during the 1640s, where he developed an interest in astronomy and became well known in academic circles. In 1664–1665 he made observations of comets, and argued in favor of their following elliptical or parabolic orbits (in this he was opposed by his rival Johannes Hevelius). Adrien was briefly a member of the Académie Royale des Sciences from 1666 to 1668 (he may have left due to a dispute) and a founding member of the Paris Observatory. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1666. He then left for Italy and spent the next 20 years in that country, finally dying in Rome in 1691. Little is known about his activities during this last period.

paragraph: He was described as a good optician and maker of telescopes. He is also said to have had poor health through much of his life.

paragraph: Auzout made contributions in telescope observations, including perfecting the use of the micrometer. He made many observations with large aerial telescopes and he is noted for briefly considering the construction of a huge aerial telescope 1,000 feet in length that he would use to observe animals on the Moon. In 1647 he performed an experiment that demonstrated the role of air pressure in function of the mercury barometer. In 1667–68, Auzout and Jean Picard attached a telescopic sight to a 38-inch quadrant, and used it to accurately determine positions on the Earth.

paragraph: Auzout, the Moon crater, is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Articles by or mentions of Auzout in the "Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences", Volume 1, Volume 7, Paris, 1729

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galileo Project entry

description: French astronomer

wikidata_label: Adrien Auzout

wikipedia_title: Adrien Auzout


text:
lead vocalist
platinum
alternative rock
the All-American Rejects
Amazon Video
Betas
NBC
Parenthood
The House Bunny
Miss You Already
AMC
Preacher
Lodge 49
Stillwater, Oklahoma
née
Stillwater Public Schools
DDS
endodontist
Stillwater High School
the All-American Rejects
Doghouse Records
DreamWorks Records
Interscope Records
House
The House Bunny
Betas
Parenthood
Air
John Cusack
Love and Mercy
Gregg Allman
Midnight Rider
Randall Miller
Sarah Jones
Miss You Already
Toni Collette
Drew Barrymore
Elena Satine
New Year's Eve
Nick Wheeler
Hooch App
Epiphone Flying V
Epiphone Explorer
"The All-American Rejects"
Fender Precision Bass
Gibson Thunderbird
Move Along
Jackson Guitars
Fender Jaguar Bass

categories: American male singer-songwriters,DGC Records artists,21st-century American bass guitarists,1984 births,American singer-songwriters,American male bass guitarists,Singers from Oklahoma,Songwriters from Oklahoma,21st-century American singers,Interscope Records artists,American rock bass guitarists,People from Stillwater, Oklahoma,Male actors from Oklahoma,Living people,Guitarists from Oklahoma,Male models from Oklahoma

paragraph: Tyson Ritter

paragraph: Tyson Jay Ritter (born April 24, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, and model. He is best known as the lead vocalist, bassist, pianist, and songwriter of the multi-platinum selling American alternative rock band the All-American Rejects. As an actor, Ritter appeared as Dane on Amazon Video's "Betas", recurred as rock musician Oliver Rome on NBC's "Parenthood", and has had supporting roles in films, including "The House Bunny" (2008) and "Miss You Already" (2015). , Ritter plays recurring characters on two television series on AMC, "Preacher" and "Lodge 49".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ritter was born on April 24, 1984 in Stillwater, Oklahoma, to Tracy Jean Rains (née Lyons; born to Edwina Janora Lyons Sherman and Tony Eugene Lyons) and Tim Jay Ritter (born to Peggy Earline Ritter Sharpton and Steve Delano Ritter). His mother is an employee at Stillwater Public Schools. He has an older brother, Dr. Zack S. Ritter, DDS, who is an endodontist, and a younger sister, Bailey Ritter. He and his siblings graduated from Stillwater High School.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Ritter met his bandmates while he was at a party in high school. After Jesse Tabish quit the band, and with the additions of Mike Kennerty and Chris Gaylor, the All-American Rejects were picked up by Doghouse Records, and later DreamWorks Records, and finally signed with the major label Interscope Records. In early 2018, the band left Interscope, and is currently unsigned. The All-American Rejects have released four albums to date, and have sold over 10 million albums worldwide and 4 million singles.

paragraph: Ritter has appeared in television series and films such as "House" (2007), "The House Bunny" (2008), "Betas" (2013–14), and "Parenthood" (2013–15). On November 5, 2013, Ritter released the song "Air" as a solo song to help "ride between the Rejects' next record", which was featured on "Parenthood".

paragraph: Shortly after the release of "Air" Tyson wrote the song "Collide" which was also featured on "Parenthood". The song was never released on the market but is still available on sites like YouTube.

paragraph: Ritter's next projects included a role in the John Cusack film "Love and Mercy" (2014). He had also been cast in the lead role of singer Gregg Allman in the biopic "Midnight Rider", directed by Randall Miller, but the film was halted in production, and ultimately cancelled, due to the death of camera assistant Sarah Jones. In 2015, he had a supporting role in the comedy-drama film "Miss You Already", which starred Toni Collette and Drew Barrymore.

paragraph: On February 23, 2018, Ritter revealed via his personal Twitter that he is in the process of "putting together a record and a band of [his] own".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Ritter and actress Elena Satine were engaged in April 2013 and married on New Year's Eve that year.

paragraph: He has been best friends with bandmate Nick Wheeler ever since they met in high school.

paragraph: Ritter is an investor in various tech companies including Hooch App.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Ritter likes to use Fender bass guitars. He had previously used Epiphone Flying V or Epiphone Explorer basses during the era of "The All-American Rejects", until he started to favor a Fender Precision Bass and started using them more often in his songs. Ritter was also seen using a Gibson Thunderbird bass on their early tours for "Move Along" and also with a rare Jackson Guitars V Bass. He then later used Fender Jaguar Bass guitars for later tours before switching back to Fender Precision Basses.

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Tyson Ritter

wikipedia_title: Tyson Ritter


text: Australia

text: Portuguese discovery of Australia

text: Oxfordshire

text: England

text: Paris

text: 15th arrondissement

text: Papal Zouaves

text: Battle of Mentana

text: ship of the same name

text: Berowra

text: Hornsby, New South Wales

text: Royal Art Society of New South Wales

text: Royal Geographical Society

text: Portugal

text: Spain

text: Alice in Wonderland

text: Vanessa Collingridge

text: Captain Cook

text: George Collingridge Society

categories: 1847 births,English emigrants to Australia,1931 deaths,Australian historians,19th-century Australian writers,People from Sydney

paragraph: George Collingridge

paragraph: George Collingridge (1847–1931) was an Australian writer and illustrator best known today for his early assertions of Portuguese discovery of Australia in the 16th century.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born in Oxfordshire, England, educated in Paris (in the 15th arrondissement), served in the Papal Zouaves (alongside his brother Alfred, who died in the Battle of Mentana), and migrated to Australia in 1879 aboard the "Lusitania" (not the ship of the same name that sank in 1915). He settled in the then isolated area of Berowra, before moving to nearby Hornsby, New South Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Since his French academic qualifications as a "Professeur" were not recognised by Australian universities, he worked as an artist and art teacher, and contributed drawings and articles to local newspapers. He founded the first Australian art magazine, , and was one of the founders of the Royal Art Society of New South Wales .

paragraph: His publication of "The Discovery of Australia" in 1895 earned him accolade as a "genius" and as "an authority on geographical matters" from members of the Royal Geographical Society as well as foreign honours: in 1908 he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of Santiago by the King of Portugal. In 1917 he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of Isabella la Catolica by the King of Spain. However, not everyone was as complimentary; his official biographer, O.H.K. Spate, described him as of "undisciplined intellect" and lacking a "rigorously judicial habit of mind"; the book was a financial failure; and a proposed scheme to use a simplified version of the book, "The First Discovery of Australia and New Guinea" (1906), in schools was withdrawn.

paragraph: Collingridge published "Alice in One Dear Land" in 1922. It is a handmade book with numerous small tipped in plates. Alice is depicted in the Australian bush with a koala, this is the first depiction of "Alice in Wonderland" in an Australian setting.

paragraph: Collingridge's distant relative, Vanessa Collingridge, published a book on Captain Cook, entitled "Captain Cook" (2002), and the publication of this book has caused a certain resurgence of interest in George Collingridge in recent years.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Collingridge Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Papers of George Collingridge at the National Library of Australia

description: Australian writer and artist

wikidata_label: George Collingridge

wikipedia_title: George Collingridge


text:
German
ice hockey
ERC Ingolstadt
Deutsche Eishockey Liga

categories: ERC Ingolstadt players,People from Sonthofen,1979 births,German ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Michael Waginger

paragraph: Michael Waginger (born October 11, 1979) is a German professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for ERC Ingolstadt in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

description: German ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Michael Waginger

wikipedia_title: Michael Waginger


text:
American
ice hockey
defenseman
unrestricted free agent
Krefeld Pinguine
Deutsche Eishockey Liga
University of Minnesota Duluth
Frozen Four
Las Vegas Wranglers
East Coast Hockey League
American Hockey League
Iowa Stars
Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights
ERC Ingolstadt
Deutsche Eishockey Liga
Grizzly Adams Wolfsburg

categories: Quad City Flames players,Las Vegas Wranglers players,Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights players,Living people,EHC Wolfsburg players,ERC Ingolstadt players,Minnesota–Duluth Bulldogs men's ice hockey players,Waterloo Black Hawks players,1983 births,Krefeld Pinguine players,Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players,Ice hockey people from Minnesota,Iowa Stars players,American ice hockey defensemen,Nippon Paper Cranes players

paragraph: Tim Hambly

paragraph: Tim Hambly (born June 26, 1983) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played for Krefeld Pinguine in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Hambly enrolled at the University of Minnesota Duluth in 2001 and appeared in a total of 141 games for the Bulldogs until 2005, while scoring 13 goals and assisting on 47. In his junior year, Minnesota-Duluth advanced to the Frozen Four.

paragraph: He made his debut as a professional ice hockey player during the 2004-05 season with the Las Vegas Wranglers of the East Coast Hockey League. Including the following season, he played 39 games for the Wranglers. The 2005-06 campaign also saw Hambly take his game to the American Hockey League and represent the Iowa Stars as well as the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights. He played three more years in the AHL, before landing his first job in Europe: In 2009–10, he signed with ERC Ingolstadt of the German top flight Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) and remained with the club until 2014. In his last season (2013–14) in Ingolstadt, he helped ERC capture the DEL championship, serving as an assistant captain.

paragraph: He signed with fellow DEL side Grizzly Adams Wolfsburg for the 2014–15 season and then had his contract renewed for the following campaign.

description: American ice hockey defenceman

wikidata_label: Tim Hambly

wikipedia_title: Tim Hambly


text: Camorra

text: Mafia

text: Campania

text: Naples

text: lieutenant

text: Joseph Petrosino

text: Sicilian Mafia

text: Vito Cascioferro

text: Saredo Inquiry

text: Giuseppe Saredo

text: Ciccio Cappuccio

text: New York Times

text: La Stampa

text: Mastino dog

text: Giuseppe Chirico

text: usury

text: procuring

text: Poole

text: Nice

text: Montecarlo

text: Aix-les-Baines

text: vaudeville

text: Folies Bergère

text: Eugénie Fougère

text: Ettore Ciccotti

text: Carabinieri

text: Carlo Fabbroni

text: San Leucio

text: Caserta

text: Marseilles

text: stoker

text: Joseph Petrosino

text: New York City Police Department

text: New York branch of the Camorra

text: moral turpitude

text: Le Havre

text: lieutenant

text: Sicilian Mafia

text: Vito Cascioferro

text: Viterbo

text: Pathé's Gazette

text: George B. McClellan

text: Sassari

text: Il Mattino

text: Benito Mussolini

text: The Men of Silence

text: novelization

text: The City Stands Trial

text: drama film

text: Luigi Zampa

text: Amedeo Nazzari

text: The Camorra

text: The A to Z of Italian Cinema

text: Parini, Jay

text: Petacco, Arrigo

text: Italian Americans in Law Enforcement

categories: 20th-century deaths,19th-century births,People from Naples

paragraph: Enrico Alfano

paragraph: Enrico Alfano (born 1869 or 1870; date of death unknown), also known as "Erricone", was considered to be one of the chiefs of the Camorra, a Mafia-type organisation in the region of Campania and its capital Naples in Italy, at the turn of the 20th century. He was described as "a kind of president of the confederation." According to some sources, Alfano was the man behind the murder of New York City police lieutenant Joseph Petrosino in Palermo in 1909. However, the murder has since been attributed to the Sicilian Mafia, and to Vito Cascioferro in particular.

paragraph: Alfano was accused of being the man behind the murder of rival Camorra boss Gennaro Cuocolo and his wife. The trial against Alfano and his associates in Viterbo in 1911–12, expanded from a murder case into a tribunal against the Camorra and attracted a lot of attention of newspapers and the general public both in Italy as well as in the United States. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison in July 1912, and despite the fact that the legitimacy of the trial was seriously questioned when the main witness for the prosecution retracted, he was only released in 1934 after having served 27 years.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The son of a shoemaker, Alfano began as a fruit merchant in Naples and speculating on the cattle fairs. He apparently became affiliated with the Camorra at an early age, but this is not certain because he was not mentioned in a 1901 investigation report by the Ministry of Interior – known as the Saredo Inquiry since it was led by senator Giuseppe Saredo () – which unearthed an extensive political patronage system in the city of Naples. However, the inquiry revealed little about the inner workings of the Camorra. According to an informer, Alfano had become the head of the Camorra after the death of the legendary "capintesta" (head-in-chief) Ciccio Cappuccio in 1892, although other sources disagree over his rise to power.

paragraph: According to a "New York Times" report on the Cuocolo trial in 1911, Alfano was below medium height but a man of commanding presence; across his cheek he bore a long scar, the "sfregio" (a knife slash for dishonour; a sign of Camorra punishment). "The New York Times" reported that he was arrested many times as an accomplice in homicide, robbery and less important charges, but had never been convicted. According to the Italian newspaper "La Stampa", Alfano did spent six or seven years in prison, where he earned his initiation as a "camorrista", which gave him the "right" to demand a "tangente", protection money, from the merchants in the neighbourhood he controlled.

paragraph: Both sources agree that Alfano imposed his position when he defeated the Camorra head, the "capintesta" Totonno" 'o Pappagallo" (The Parrot) – so-named for his beak parrot nose – in a "zumpata" – a kind of ritual initiation knife duel – despite the fact that his adversary sent his Mastino dog to attack Alfano. The conflict started when "Pappagallo" returned from prison and found Alfano in control of his former territory. Other sources mention that after the death of Cappuccio, Giuseppe Chirico," 'o Granatiere" (The Grenadier), from the Porta San Gennaro neighbourhood was elected. He was defeated in a "zumpata" by Totonno" 'o Pappagallo", who took over the reign before being defeated by Alfano around the turn of the century.

paragraph: Section::::Camorra boss.

paragraph: While Luigi Fucci, known as "'O Gassusaro", was the nominal head, the "capintesta", of the Camorra at the time, Alfano was the actual leader and was described as "a kind of president of the confederation." He had his own representative in the twelve districts next to the "capintrito rionale" that answered to Fucci. He worked closely with his associate Giovanni Rapi – a former primary school teacher turned gambling operator and usurer –, who after a gambling stint in France opened the "Unione del Mezzogiorno" club in 1902, popular among the aristocracy. Rapi and Alfano specialised in providing usury loans to merchants and gamblers, collecting extortion money, as well as procuring. He lived the good life and dressed very elegantly in "Poole" suits from London and "Boivin" shirts from Paris. He followed his rich clientele to the casinos in Nice, Montecarlo and Aix-les-Baines in the spring. Even the Naples lighting company paid protection money to prevent their wires being stolen.

paragraph: In 1902, the famous French vaudeville singer and dancer, and the vedette of the Folies Bergère, Eugénie Fougère, who was performing at the "Salone Margherita" a "café-chantant" in Naples, contacted Alfano to get back her stolen jewelry. Within a few days, Alfano tracked the thieves and restored the jewelry. The case hit the news headlines and Alfano was arrested for complicity with the thieves but was absolved.

paragraph: The power of Alfano reached as far as politics. Together with his right-hand men, the priest Ciro Vitozzi and his associate Giovanni Rapi, Alfano was said to be the man behind the election in 1904 of the Count Vincenzo Ravaschieri Foschi to parliament to the detriment of the incumbent socialist deputy Ettore Ciccotti. The night before the election dissident voters were intimidated, assaulted, beaten, and sustained knife injuries by ruffians hired and encouraged by both the Camorra and the police, since the authorities equally disapproved of a socialist candidate. Alfano, Rapi and Vitozzi were seen and photographed while actively directing the vote in favour of Count Ravaschieri in the Camorra controlled district of Vicaria in which Ciccotti surprisingly had won in 1900. Ravaschieri won the 1904 election.

paragraph: Section::::Cuocolo murder.

paragraph: Alfano was charged with the murder of Gennaro Cuocolo and his wife, suspected of being police spies, on June 6, 1906. The murder case would develop into one of the most complicated legal cases of the early twentieth century in Italy. The police moved quickly to arrest Alfano and his brother Ciro, Giovanni Rapi, and two members of the Camorra rank and file, Gennaro Jacovitti and Gennaro Ibello. They had frequented a restaurant in Torre del Greco, in the vicinity of the Cuocolo murder. However, the investigation did not produce evidence and the suspects were released from jail 50 days later, not in the least thanks to the intervention of the priest Ciro Vitozzi, the "guardian angel" of the Camorra and Erricone's god-father.

paragraph: On the basis of Vitozzi's declarations and the testimony of Giacomo Ascrittore, a regular police informer and member of the Camorra, the local police and judiciary of Naples identified Gaetano Amodeo and Tommaso De Angelis as the real killers. However, the murder investigation was transferred to the "Carabinieri" and delegated to Captain Carlo Fabbroni. Fabbroni accused the Naples police of inefficiency and corruption. The investigation got new momentum when Gennaro Abbatemaggio, a young "camorrista" and a former "Carabinieri" informer serving a jail sentence in Naples, testified that the decision to kill Cuocolo, suspected of being a police spy, had been taken at a meeting at the restaurant chaired by Alfano. The developments of the case and suspected police corruption were discussed in parliament several times.

paragraph: Section::::In New York.

paragraph: Meanwhile, after his release, Alfano left Naples and went from village to village to elude arrest. The "Carabinieri" located him in San Leucio, near Caserta, but he managed to escape. He fled to Rome, obtained a false passport and sailed for the United States from Marseilles, France. He disembarked on March 17, 1907, in New York disguised as a member of the ship's crew, posing as a stoker. In New York he began to run a gambling den in the basement of 108 Mulberry Street. He became one of the primary underworld targets of police sergeant Joseph Petrosino of the New York City Police Department, who believed Alfano to be a big player in the New York branch of the Camorra.

paragraph: Petrosino received anonymous letters from Neapolitans in New York that confirmed Alfano's presence in the city, where he allegedly had given a banquet to several local Camorra members in a Grand Street restaurant. On April 17, 1907, Petrosino and his agents raided the apartment at 108 Mulberry Street where Alfano was living and arrested him. The arrest caused a sensation in Naples. He had been convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude in Italy and was turned over to the Federal authorities. Within three days he was expelled and put on a ship to Le Havre in France, where he was picked up by the Italian police. He was put behind bars in Naples. According to some sources, Alfano was the man behind lieutenant Petrosino's murder in Palermo on March 12, 1909, which has since been attributed to the Sicilian Mafia, and to Vito Cascioferro in particular.

paragraph: Section::::Trial in Viterbo.

paragraph: Back in Italy, Alfano stood trial at Viterbo for the Cuocolo murders. On March 27, 1909, the Assistant Public Prosecutor committed 47 persons for trial by the Court of Assizes in Naples. However, due to many attempts to corrupt the authorities and other obstacles the trial was transferred to the Court of Assizes in Viterbo, 250 kilometres from Naples and 80 kilometres north of Rome.

paragraph: The often uproarious and spectacular Cuocolo trial attracted a lot of attention of newspapers and the general public both in Italy as well as in the United States, including by Pathé's Gazette. The trial was transformed from a murder trial into one against the Camorra as a whole. The hearings began in the spring of 1911 and would continue for twelve months. Fabbroni intended to use the trial to strike the final blow to the Camorra. The trial was attended by the former mayor of New York City, George B. McClellan, in whose administration Petrosino was killed.

paragraph: Funds to pay the defendant's lawyers were reportedly collected in Naples and from Neapolitan restaurants in New York. The amount collected was 50,000 lire, or USD 10,000, at the start of the trial. Giovanni Rapi, the Camorra's "treasurer", had an interest in a private bank in New York where the savings of immigrants were forwarded to Italy. The New York defence fund treasurer was Andrea Attanasio, also sought in connection with the Cuocolo matter.

paragraph: The trial was Captain Fabbroni's finest moment. He testified in 21 hearings and his testimony filled 285 pages. He accused the police, politicians and even the judiciary of being involved with the Camorra. Alfano claimed he was innocent. "I am the victim of yellow journalism," he told the judge. "I have been ruined by the Carabinieri. The story that I have been the head of the Camorra is a legend. I was neither its head nor its tail. I admit that I have committed some excesses. What youth of my social class in Naples has not?"

paragraph: Section::::Conviction.

paragraph: After a 17-month trial, the often tumultuous proceedings ended with a guilty verdict on July 8, 1912. The defendants, including 27 leading Camorra bosses, were sentenced to a total of 354 years' imprisonment. The main defendants Enrico Alfano and Giovanni Rapi were sentenced to 30 years. The priest Vitozzi received seven years and government witness Abbatemaggio five years. The jury had been held in isolation since March 1911. The reports of the proceedings were about 40,000 pages in 63 volumes. In his last statement before the verdict, a furious Alfano accused the authorities to have killed his brother Ciro, who had died in prison. Another defendant, Gennaro De Marinas, who was sentenced to 30 years as well, slashed his throat with a piece of glass in the Court when the verdict was delivered.

paragraph: After his conviction Alfano was transferred to the prison of Sassari, on the island of Sardinia. As "The New York Times" reported: "The convicts did all in their power to see the great criminal and pay him a kind of court, putting themselves at his disposition as subjects would to a sovereign." Many fan letters addressed to him arrived at the penitentiary, including love letters from women. In prison he took up the old family trade of shoemaking.

paragraph: Section::::Release.

paragraph: In 1927, fifteen years later, government witness Gennaro Abbatemaggio withdrew his accusations. However, despite serious doubts of several magistrates about the legitimacy of the trial, the case was never reopened. Abbatemaggio had invented everything about a crime of which he knew nothing. Captain Fabbroni had spent 350,000 lire to pay the witnesses, according to Abbatemaggio, and he described the case as "a setup against the leaders of the Neapolitan Camorra organized by him in accordance with the collaborators of Captain Fabbroni."

paragraph: In 1930, a request for pardon was made by the Neapolitan newspaper "Il Mattino", which at the time of the trial had strongly supported the work of the police. Alfano's sister, Rosina Alfano, tried to convince the suspected real killer Gaetano Amodeo – who privately admitted to have been the slayer and had been identified as such by the first inquiry of the Naples police – to publicly confess the murder, which he refused to do. In subsequent years, the requests for pardon came before Benito Mussolini one by one. In his own hand the Duce wrote on those instances: "Provisions should be individually, ranging measures over time." Alfano was granted a conditional release for good behaviour on October 16, 1934, after serving 27 years of his sentence. The erstwhile head of the Camorra vanished into oblivion.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Forgione, Louis (1928). "The Men of Silence", New York, E. P. Dutton. The book is a novelization of the Cuocolo murder and trial based on the trial records, with a foreword by Walter Littlefield, the New York Times correspondent who had reported on the case.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The City Stands Trial" (), a 1952 Italian drama film directed by Luigi Zampa and starring Amedeo Nazzari is based on a revisiting of the Cuocolo murders and the struggle for control of Naples by the Camorra in the early 1900s.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Behan, Tom (1996). "The Camorra", London: Routledge,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consiglio, Alberto (2005). "La camorra a Napoli", Naples: Guida Editori,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Critchley, David (2009). "The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891–1931", New York: Routledge,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dickie, John (2014). "Blood Brotherhoods: Italy and the Rise of Three Mafias", New York: PublicAffairs,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Di Fiore, Gigi (1993). "Potere camorrista: quattro secoli di malanapoli", Naples: Guida Editori,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moliterno, Gino (2008). "The A to Z of Italian Cinema", Plymouth: Scarecrow Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paliotti, Vittorio (2006). "Storia della Camorra", Rome: Newton Compton editore,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parini, Jay (ed.) (2003). "The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature", Oxford University Press,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petacco, Arrigo (1972/2001). "Joe Petrosino: l'uomo che sfidò per primo la mafia italoamericana", Milan: Mondadori, (originally published in 1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Romano, Anne T. (2010). "Italian Americans in Law Enforcement", Xlibris Corporation,

description: One of the chiefs of the Camorra, a Mafia-type organization

wikidata_label: Enrico Alfano

wikipedia_title: Enrico Alfano


text: Methuen Ltd.

text: W. B. Yeats

text: James Joyce

text: William Faulkner

text: John Millington Synge

text: John Masefield

text: boarding

text: preparatory school

text: Central School of Speech and Drama

text: Reginald McKenna

text: George Moore

text: St. Martin-in-the-Fields

text: Emily MacManus

text: Scotland Yard

text: horror fiction

text: twist ending

text: Boris Karloff

text: haunted house

text: first editions

text: Wall Street Crash of 1929

text: Arthur Bliss

text: Cecil Day-Lewis

text: David MacDonald

text: Patricia Roc

text: Dorothy L. Sayers

text: Lord Peter Wimsey

text: Harriet Vane

text: Mr. Perrin and Mr. Traill

text: Happy Ever After

text: Hamish Hamilton

text: King Richard

text: Peasants' Revolt

text: C. Walter Hodges

text: J. M. Dent

text: Guy Fawkes

text: Gunpowder Plot

text: J. P. Lippincott company

text: Crime Club

text: Collins

text: Collins

text: English as a foreign or second language

text: Norwegian language

text: Collins

text: Collins

text: Howth

text: Collins

text: James Tait Black Memorial Prize

text: Richard Dalby

text: The Forum

text: Dashiell Hammett

text: Tirzah Garwood

text: A. E. Coppard

text: Edward Wagenknecht

text: Edward J. O'Brien

text: Princess Elizabeth

text: Princess Elizabeth of York Hospital for Children

text: Cynthia Asquith

text: The Queen's Book of the Red Cross

text: Argosy

text: The Strand Magazine

text: Edward Wagenknecht

text: Peter Haining

text: The Strand Magazine

text: W. B. Yeats

text: Little, Brown, and Company

text: George V

text: Socrates

text: Tom Moore

text: John McCormack

text: John Millington Synge

text: Isaac Pitman

text: James Joyce

text: John Masefield

text: Henry

text: Agincourt

text: Boxing

text: The Retreat

text: Walter Allen

text: Joan Hassall

text: National Trust

text: Sugar

text: Thomas Dover

text: Missions to Seamen

text: Kirkus Reviews

text: The Saturday Review

text: sentimental

text: Modernist attitudes

text: contemptuous

text: Jane Austen

text: Henry James

text: protests too much

text: Yorkshire Post

categories: Academics of the Central School of Speech and Drama,British male poets,1896 births,20th-century English novelists,People from Plymouth,English male novelists,20th-century English poets,1958 deaths,English male journalists,James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients,English publishers (people)

paragraph: Leonard Strong

paragraph: Leonard Alfred George Strong (8 March 1896 – 17 August 1958) was a popular English novelist, critic, historian, and poet, and published under the name L. A. G. Strong. He served as a director of the publishers Methuen Ltd. from 1938 to 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Poet and novelist, born at Compton Gifford, Devon, of Irish parents, and was proud of his Irish heritage. As a youth, he considered being a comedian and took lessons in singing. He was educated at Brighton College and earned a scholarship to Wadham College, Oxford, as what was known as an Open Classical Scholar (studies in literature and the arts). There he came under the influence of W. B. Yeats, about whom Strong wrote fairly extensively; they met first in autumn 1919. Their friendship lasted for twenty years.

paragraph: He taught at an Oxford preparatory school, before becoming a full-time writer in 1930. His first two volumes of poetry were "Dublin Days" (1921) and "The Lowery Road" (1923), and his career as a novelist was launched with "Dewer Rides" (1929, set on Dartmoor).

paragraph: Later he formed a literary partnership with an Irish friend, John Francis Swaine (1880-1954), paying Swaine a percentage of royalties for five novels and numerous short stories, published between c.1930 and 1953, which were attributed to Strong. These included the "Sea Wall" (1933), "The Bay" (1944), and "Trevannion" (1948). Swaine’s short stories described the thoughts and experiences of an Irish character, Mr Mangan, a fictional version of Swaine himself. Strong wrote many works of non‐fiction and an autobiography of his early years, "Green" "Memory" (1961). He gained a wide interest in literature and wrote about many important contemporary authors, including James Joyce, William Faulkner, John Millington Synge, and John Masefield.

paragraph: He worked as an Assistant Master at Summer Fields, a boys' boarding preparatory school on the outskirts of Oxford, from 1917 to 1919 and from 1920 to 1930, and as a Visiting Tutor at the Central School of Speech and Drama. One of his pupils was a son of Reginald McKenna. He was a director of the publishers Methuen Ltd. from 1938 until his death. For many years he was a governor of his old school, Brighton College. Strong's autobiography, "Green Memory", published after his death, described his family (including a grandmother in Ireland), his earliest years, his school-days, and his friendships at Wadham College; among them were Yeats and George Moore.

paragraph: Following his death, a memorial service was held for him at St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London, on 3 October 1958.

paragraph: His cousin was the nurse Emily MacManus; he wrote the foreword for her autobiography, "Fifty Years Of Nursing - Matron of Guy's" (1956).

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Francis Swaine reference authority the Oxford Companion to English Literature, Ninth Edition, General Editor Professor Dinah Birch. Swaine's papers and manuscripts are lodged with the National Library of Ireland, Dublin.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Strong was a versatile and prolific writer of more than 20 novels, as well as of short stories, plays, children's books, poems, biography, criticism, and film scripts.

paragraph: His oeuvre includes mystery novels, featuring Detective-Inspector McKay of Scotland Yard, and horror fiction. Many of his adventure and romance novels were set in Scotland or the West of England. The classic short story "Breakdown", a tale about a married man who has the perfect plan to murder his mistress, and which has a twist ending, has been reprinted often; it was a favorite of Boris Karloff. (Unhappy marriages were an occasional theme in his fiction, in works such as "Deliverance".) His supernatural stories were often reprinted, as well. Strong was interested in the paranormal, as his haunted house and other horror stories attest, and believed he had seen ghosts and witnessed psychic phenomena.

paragraph: One of his earliest writings, "A Defence of Ignorance", was the first book sold by Captain Louis Henry Cohn, the founder of House of Books, which specialized in first editions of contemporary writers. Cohn was a New York book collector who of necessity became a bookseller due to the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and he had Strong's manuscript, a six-page essay, in his collection. Cohn published 200 signed copies of the title, priced at $2.00 each.

paragraph: Some of Strong's poems were set to music by Arthur Bliss. His "Selected Poems" appeared in 1931 (first American edition in 1932), and "The Body's Imperfection: Collected Poems" in 1957. He also edited anthologies of poetry, sometimes in collaboration with Cecil Day-Lewis.

paragraph: His 1932 novel "The Brothers" was filmed in 1947 by the Scottish director David MacDonald; it starred Patricia Roc. One reviewer commented, "In a break from tradition, the film substitutes the novel's unhappy ending with an even unhappier one." Strong collaborated on or contributed to such filmscripts as "Haunted Honeymoon" (1940; a Dorothy L. Sayers story about Lord Peter Wimsey and Harriet Vane), "Mr. Perrin and Mr. Traill" (1948), and "Happy Ever After" (1954).

paragraph: Section::::Verse.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dublin Days". Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1921.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "By Haunted Stream". New York: D. Appleton and company, 1924.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lowery Road". Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1923.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Difficult Love". Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "At Glenan Cross: A Sequence". Oxford : B. Blackwell, 1928.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Northern Light". London: Victor Gollancz, 1930.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selected Verse". Hamish Hamilton, 1931.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Call to The Swan". London: H. Hamilton, 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Magnolia Tree: Verses". London: A.P. Tayler, 1953. ("Limited to 100 copies printed privately for the author.")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Body's Imperfection: The Collected Poems of L.A.G. Strong". London: Methuen, 1957.

paragraph: Section::::Fiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dewer Rides". London: Victor Gollancz, 1929.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Jealous Ghost". New York: A. A. Knopf, 1930.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Garden". London: Victor Gollancz, 1931.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Brothers". London: Victor Gollancz, 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "King Richard's Land: A Tale of the Peasants' Revolt". London: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sea Wall". London: Victor Gollancz, 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Corporal Tune". New York: A. A. Knopf, 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fortnight South of Skye". New York, Loring and Mussey, 1935.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr Sheridan's Umbrella". Illustrated by C. Walter Hodges. London: T. Nelson & son, 1935.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Seven Arms". London: Victor Gollancz ; New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1935.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Enemy: A Study of Youth". London: Victor Gollancz, 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fifth of November". Illustrated by Jack Matthew. London: J. M. Dent and Sons, Ltd., 1937. (novel about Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder Plot)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Laughter in the West". New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Swift Shadow". London: Victor Gollancz, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Open Sky". London: Victor Gollancz, 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They Went to the Island". Illustrated by Rowland Hilder. London: Dent, 1940.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House in Disorder". London: Lutterworth Press, 1941.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bay". Philadelphia: J. P. Lippincott company, 1942.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slocombe Dies". London: Published for the Crime Club by Collins, 1942.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Unpractised Heart". London: Victor Gollancz, 1942.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All Fall Down". London: Published for the Crime Club by Collins, 1944. Also Garden City, New York: Published for the Crime Club by Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1944.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Director". London: Methuen, 1944. Reprinted: Oslo: J. Grundt Tanum, 1947. (translated to serve as English as a foreign or second language - Norwegian language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Othello's Occupation". London: Published for the Crime Club by Collins, 1945. Published in the US under the title "Murder Plays an Ugly Scene" (see below)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Murder Plays an Ugly Scene". Garden City, New York: Published for the Crime Club by Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1945.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trevannion". London: Methuen, 1948. (set in the seaside town of Dycer's Bay)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Darling Tom and Other Stories". London: Methuen, 1952. ("Many of these stories have been broadcast.")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Which I Never: A Police Diversion". London: Published for the Crime Club by Collins, 1950. Also New York: MacMillan, 1952.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hill of Howth". London: Methuen, 1953.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deliverance". London: Methuen, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Light above the Lake". London: Methuen, 1958. (posthumous)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Treason in the Egg: A Further Police Diversion". London: Collins, 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Short story collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doyle's Rock and Other Stories". Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1925.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The English Captain and Other Stories". New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1931.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Don Juan and the Wheelbarrow and Other Stories". London: Victor Gollancz, 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tuesday Afternoon and Other Stories". London: Victor Gollancz, 1935.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Odd Man In". Illustrated by Phoebe LeFroy. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sun on the Water and Other Stories". London: Victor Gollancz, 1940.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Travellers: Thirty-one Selected Short Stories". London: Methuen, 1945. (James Tait Black Memorial Prize)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Buckross Ring and Other Stories of the Strange and Supernatural", edited and with an introduction by Richard Dalby. Leyburn, North Yorkshire, England: Tartarus Press, 2009. (hardcover, )

paragraph: Section::::Short stories (anthologized).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Breakdown," in "The Forum", September, 1929, pp. 139–145. Reprinted in: "Creeps By Night: Chills and Thrills", edited by Dashiell Hammett. New York: The John Day Company, 1931; "And the Darkness Falls", edited, with an introduction and notes, by Boris Karloff. Cleveland: The World Publishing Company, 1946; and elsewhere.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Big Man". With a frontispiece by Tirzah Garwood and a foreword by A. E. Coppard; being no. 6 of the Furnival books. London: W. Jackson, Ltd., 1931. Reprinted in: "The Fireside Book of Romance", edited by Edward Wagenknecht. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company Publishers, 1948. (a short story "recounting the infatuation a British woman develops in a German resort hotel for a German guest")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Don Juan and the Wheelbarrow," in "John o' London's Weekly", 11 July 1931; "The Yale Review", March 1932. Reprinted in: "The Best British Short Stories of 1932", edited by Edward J. O'Brien. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Harvest by the Sea, or Mr. Wacksparrow, Mr. Deebles and the Sea-Gull, a Story," in "The Princess Elizabeth Gift Book, in aid of the Princess Elizabeth of York Hospital for Children", edited by Cynthia Asquith & Eileen Bigland. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1935.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Gift from Christy Keogh," in "The Queen's Book of the Red Cross". London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1939. Reprinted in: "Argosy", vol. 3 No. 12 (New Series), January 1943.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Doll". Leeds, England: Salamander Press, 1946. (a tale of witchcraft)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let Me Go: A Christmas Ghost Story," in "The Strand Magazine", December 1946. Reprinted in: "The Fireside Book of Ghost Stories", edited by Edward Wagenknecht. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1947; "Great Irish Stories of the Supernatural", edited by Peter Haining. London: Souvenir Press, 1992 (); and elsewhere.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Danse Macabre," in "The Strand Magazine", December 1949. Reprinted in: "A Book of Modern Ghosts", compiled by Lady Cynthia Asquith. New York, Scribner, 1953; "Great Irish Tales of Horror: A Treasury of Fear", edited by Peter Haining. Souvenir Press, 1995; and elsewhere.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The House That Wouldn't Keep Still," in "The Third Ghost Book", edited by Lady Cynthia Asquith. London: James Barrie, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Return," reprinted in: "A Gallery of Ghosts: An Anthology of Reported Experience", compiled by Andrew MacKenzie. London: Arthur Barker, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Buckross Ring," reprinted in: "12 Gothic Tales", selected and introduced by Richard Dalby. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

paragraph: Section::::Drama.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Absentee". London: Methuen, 1939. (one-act play; "a powerful drama of village life, three times broadcast on the National programme" - blurb by Methuen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trial and Error". London: Methuen, 1939. (one-act play)

paragraph: Section::::Belles lettres.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Defence of Ignorance". New York: House of Books, 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Common Sense about Poetry". New York: A. A. Knopf, 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Letter to W. B. Yeats". Published by L. & V. Woolf at Hogarth Press, London, 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life in English Literature: Being, an Introduction for Beginners". With Monica Redlich. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hansom Cab and The Pigeons". London: Printed at the Golden Cockerel Press, 1935. (about George V)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Novel: Assurances and Perplexities," in "The Author, Playwright and Composer", Vol. 45, no. 4 (Summer 1935), pp. 112–15.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What is Joyce Doing with the Novel?" G. Newnes, 1936. (6 pages) Originally published as "James Joyce and the New Fiction," in "American Mercury", No. 140, August, 1935, pp. 433–434.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Common Sense about Drama". London: T. Nelson & Sons, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man Who Asked Questions: The Story of Socrates". London: T. Nelson & Sons, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Minstrel Boy: A Portrait of Tom Moore". London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "W. B. Yeats - Ireland's Grand Old Man," in "The Living Age", January, 1939, pp. 438–440.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "English Literature Course". London: London School of Journalism, [194-? or 195-?]. 6 volumes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "John McCormack: The Story of a Singer". New York: The Macmillan company, 1941.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "John Millington Synge". London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1941.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "English for Pleasure". Introduction by Mary Somerville. London: Methuen, 1941.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Authorship". London: R. Ross & co., 1944.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Informal English Grammar". 2nd ed. London: Methuen, 1944.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Tongue in Your Head". London, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1945. ("About a year ago, the Incorporated Association of Teachers of Speech and Drama ... asked Mr. L. A. G. Strong if he would write a book which would show clearly ... problems relating to the everyday use of our mother speech."—Foreword.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "James Joyce and Vocal Music". Oxford, 1946.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Art of the Story". London, 1947.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maud Cherrill". London, Parrish, 1949.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sacred River: An Approach to James Joyce". New York: Pellegrini & Cudahy, 1951. * "John Masefield". England, 1952.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Personal Remarks". New York: Liveright Pub. Corp., 1953.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Writer's Trade". London: Methuen, 1953.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Instructions to Young Writers". London: Museum Press; distributed by Sportshelf, New Rochelle, N.Y., 1958.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Ghosts and Stephen Dedalus." in Penguin New Writings Edition NW22 Penguin, 1944

paragraph: Section::::Autobiography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Green Memory". London: Methuen, 1961. (posthumous)

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Henry of Agincourt". Illustrated by Jack Matthew. London: T. Nelson & Sons, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shake Hands and Come out Fighting". London: Chapman and Hall, 1938. (about Boxing)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "English Domestic Life During the last 200 Years: an Anthology". London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1942.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Light Through the Cloud". London: Friends Book Centre, 1946. (about The Retreat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sixteen Portraits of People Whose Houses have been Preserved by the National Trust". Contributed by Walter Allen and others. Illustrated by Joan Hassall. London: Published for the National Trust by Naldrett Press, 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Story of Sugar". London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1954.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dr. Quicksilver, 1660-1742: The Life and Times of Thomas Dover, M. D." London: Melrose, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flying Angel: The Story of the Missions to Seamen". London: Methuen, 1956.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rolling Road: The Story of Travel on the Roads of Britain and the Development of Public Passenger Transport". London: Hutchinson, 1956.

paragraph: Section::::Critical reception.

paragraph: "Kirkus Reviews" asserted in 1935, "L. A. G. Strong can be counted on for a nostalgic picture of the call of the wild, and spins a good yarn as well." Garrett Mattingly, in "The Saturday Review", praises Strong's "clean, muscular prose" and the "astonishing variety of mood and incident" in a review of "The Seven Arms", saying that he "treats material which has become familiar, almost conventional, in the literature of the Celtic renascence with a freshness and power which makes it seem completely new and completely his own. ... He has been possessed by his material, and he has, in turn, completely possessed and mastered it." (The review includes a photograph of Strong.)

paragraph: Strong enjoyed describing countrysides. He often dramatized the beginning and flourishing (and at times tragic ending) of romance between young people. For these reasons, among others, his fiction writing was sometimes considered sentimental. This was a quality popular among readers, though not always among those critics who embraced Modernist attitudes, which could be contemptuous of popular literature and which was a forceful influence at the time. For example, a reviewer of an early novel, "The Jealous Ghost" (1930), the "story of an American who goes to visit for the first time his English cousins in the West Highland house where his ancestors had lived," judges that Strong's "feeling for 'the land' seems to be that of a tourist whose sensibilities are fluttered by views and sunsets," but who also concluded that in his talent "lies the possibility of a delicate comedy akin to that of Jane Austen or Henry James." Mattingly shows hostility to sentimentalism twice in his review of "The Seven Arms" (as his own writing can wax sentimental, perhaps he slightly protests too much, given the romantic qualities he admires), declaring of the heroine, "the splendor of her legend is a romantic figure out of a romantic time but a figure too robust for sentimental tenderness, too vital to be the focus of nostalgic revery" and adding that she is drawn "with sympathy and understanding but without sentimentality or exaggeration." Richard Cordell, reviewing "The Open Sky", likewise calls it "an exciting, unsentimental adventure."

paragraph: However, a critic who did care for this quality in Strong's fiction wrote of the 1931 collection "The English Captain and Other Stories" that "there is nothing ingenious or fanciful in his writing—which means that the emotion is always preferred before the form, not the form before the emotion; and that, I fear, is uncommon enough in the short stories of today. There is one piece in particular—Mr. Kennedy in Charge—which contains the virtues of all the rest; delicate perception of character, tenderness, vigour, and a sublimation of brute pain. It is a stupendous piece of imaginative writing."

paragraph: Reviewing "The Buckross Ring and Other Stories of the Strange and Supernatural", Mario Guslandi writes, "at his best, Strong has an uncanny ability to create gentle, vivid and fascinating stories bound to leave the reader enchanted." Ian McMillan of the "Yorkshire Post" called the stories "odd and genuinely chilling."

alias:
Leonard Alfred George Strong
L. A. G. Strong

description: novelist

wikidata_label: Leonard Strong

wikipedia_title: Leonard Strong


text: Scottish

text: pitcher

text: Major League Baseball

text: Glasgow

text: Mike "King" Kelly

text: Cap Anson

text: Paterson, New Jersey

text: Albert G. Spalding

text: George Gore

text: manager

text: Jaffe Wins Above Replacement Score

text: Baseball Hall of Fame

text: Paterson, New Jersey

text: Totowa, New Jersey

text: National League

text: walks

text: wins

text: games pitched

text: innings pitched

text: games started

text: complete game

text: hits

text: earned run average

text: shutout

text: strikeout

text: career highlights

text: Retrosheet

categories: Columbus Buckeyes (minor league) players,Cincinnati Outlaw Reds players,Indianapolis Blues players,Chicago White Stockings players,Scottish emigrants to the United States,Sportspeople from Glasgow,National League ERA champions,Indianapolis Blues (minor league) players,Providence Grays players,19th-century baseball players,1856 births,1918 deaths,National League wins champions,Major League Baseball player-managers,Major League Baseball pitchers,Pittsburgh Alleghenys players,Cleveland Blues (NL) players,Major League Baseball players from Scotland

paragraph: Jim McCormick (pitcher)

paragraph: James McCormick (3 November 1856 – 10 March 1918) was a Scottish right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. A native of Glasgow (he was actually born outside the Glasgow boundary, in Thornliebank, Renfrewshire), he was the first ballplayer born in Scotland to appear in a major league game.

paragraph: McCormick was great friends with Mike "King" Kelly and was also very well liked by Cap Anson, two of the great personalities of early baseball. Anson was McCormick's captain-manager in 1885 and 1886, when Chicago won its last 19th-century pennants.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In Paterson, New Jersey starting in 1885, McCormick co-owned a bar with a fellow former local player, Dave Treado. It had a ticker, to post results of games and races. Before the 1888 season and probably at other times, Kelly did some bartending for him. That August, when McCormick's wife Jennie died, Kelly wired a former mutual Chicago teammate, and "telegraphed Mr. Joseph Towell, the [Paterson] florist, to get up something handsome, and this consisted of `The Gates Ajar,' the sides of which were made from nephetos [presumably nepetas, aromatic herbs in the mint family] and white roses, the base of carnations, yellow roses and white lilies. The gates were made of ivy leaves, the whole being surmounted by a dove."

paragraph: Back in 1885, after their Chicago team won the pennant, Kelly and McCormick returned by train to Paterson with teammate Tom Burns, who was heading to Connecticut. A local social club met the players and took them to McCormick's bar. There, a state senator handed a silver ball to McCormick, "who was loudly called upon and cheered. He said he was suffering from the effects of a severe cold and he would like to make a speech but even if he did he could not tell them how much he appreciated this token of friendship, more than anything he had ever yet received. Kelly was called on and was cheered; in fact, the crowd at this stage was prepared to cheer everybody. As he arose some one [sic] called: 'Make a dead hit this time, Mike!' He said on behalf of Mr. McCormick and himself he desired to thank the donors of the ball; they would never forget this occasion and would ever keep this gift and try to be in the best club [sic]; but we are getting pretty old now."

paragraph: About Anson, McCormick reportedly said the following in 1887, soon after being sold by Chicago to Pittsburgh: "Before I played ball with Anson I used to think he was a big dub, but I thought him a pretty fair fellow afterward. He never said much to me. If any one wants to get Anson mad let him say he is in one of those trances [presumably, mellow moments during a game]. Kelly used to make him wild by shouting in from the outfield: 'Have you got them again?'"

paragraph: That offseason, Chicago President Albert G. Spalding sold several of his best-known players, mainly for drinking during the 1886 season. After selling George Gore to New York and Kelly to Boston, he traded McCormick. In March, McCormick was still the property of Chicago when Spalding said "the only trouble between McCormick and the club has been a difference of opinion between him and me as to his habits. Anson is and always has been very partial to 'Mac,' and wants him this season." Ten days later in Louisville, Anson said, "I desire his services very much, however, for I think that, under the new [pitching] rules [allowing for unrestricted overhand throwing], he will be the best pitcher on the diamond. If he is released, it will only be for a good sum of money." About a week after that, Spalding sold him.

paragraph: He also served as a player/manager for the Cleveland Blues from 1879-1880 and 1882 with a 74–96 record.

paragraph: At 19th all-time, McCormick has the 2nd highest Jaffe Wins Above Replacement Score (JAWS) of any eligible pitcher not in the Baseball Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died in Paterson, New Jersey at the age of 61, and is interred at Laurel Grove Memorial Park in Totowa, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Highlights.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He helped the White Stockings to win the 1885 and 1886 National League pennants.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led the National League in walks allowed (74) and losses (40) in 1879.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led the National League in wins (45), games pitched (74), innings pitched (657), games started (74), complete games (72) and batters faced (2,669) in 1880.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led the National League in hits allowed per 9 innings pitched (8.28) and complete games (57) in 1881.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led the National League in wins (36), games (68), innings (595), games started (67), complete games (65) and batters faced (2,412) in 1882.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led the National League in earned run average (1.84) and winning percentage (.700) in 1883.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led the Union Association in ERA (1.54), hits per 9 innings (6.47) and shutouts (7) in 1884.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks 33rd on the MLB all-time ERA list (2.43).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks 36th on the MLB all-time wins list (265).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks 28th on the MLB all-time walks per 9 innings list (1.58).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks 33rd on the MLB all-time innings list (4,275).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks 99th on the MLB all-time strikeouts list (1,704).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks 49th on the MLB all-time games started list (485).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks 11th on the MLB all-time complete games list (466).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks 87th on the MLB all-time shutouts list (33).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks 32nd on the MLB all-time batters faced list (16,884).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball player-managers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- career highlights "Baseball Library"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howard W. Rosenberg, "Cap Anson 1: When Captaining a Team Meant Something: Leadership in Baseball's Early Years", "Cap Anson 2: The Theatrical and Kingly Mike Kelly: U.S. Team Sport's First Media Sensation and Baseball's Original Casey at the Bat", and "Cap Anson 4: Bigger Than Babe Ruth: Captain Anson of Chicago" (Arlington, Virginia: Tile Books, 2003, 2004 and 2006)

description: Major League Baseball player, manager

wikidata_label: Jim McCormick

wikipedia_title: Jim McCormick (pitcher)