text: Contiki Tours

text: The Travel Corporation

text: Wellington

text: Auckland

text: Blenheim

text: Marlborough

text: 2012 New Year Honours

text: Jaycees

text: Australasia

text: Maori good luck charm

text: roulette

text: New Zealand Tourist Board

text: The "Con"tinent

text: Fullers Ferries

text: Lloyd Morrison

text: stock market crash of 1987

text: Only Two Seats Left

categories: Members of the New Zealand Order of Merit,1938 births,New Zealand businesspeople,Living people,People from Wellington City

paragraph: John Anderson (businessman)

paragraph: John Duncan Anderson is a New Zealand businessman, author and celebrity speaker. He is the founder of the travel and leisure company Contiki Tours. The company is now owned by Trafalgar Tours, itself a division of The Travel Corporation

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Anderson was born in Wellington, New Zealand in 1938. He is married to Ali (Alison), a passenger who fell ill on one of Contiki's first tours. They have four children.

paragraph: Anderson's parents divorced when he was five years old; he was raised primarily by his mother although maintained a good relationship with his father, a dentist who emigrated to England when he was a child.

paragraph: Anderson emigrated to England in 1961, returning to New Zealand in 1979 with a wife and family. He lived in Auckland for many years and currently lives in Blenheim, Marlborough.

paragraph: In the 2012 New Year Honours, Anderson was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to tourism.

paragraph: Section::::Overseas experience.

paragraph: In 1960 Anderson travelled to London, England where his father was living. Anderson planned his route to England to include many stopovers en route. As the president of his local Jaycees association, Anderson contacted fellow presidents in the cities that he planned and received many offers to host him. In this way, Anderson was able to defray his travel costs considerably.

paragraph: In his book "Only Two Seats Left" Anderson describes his travels with a mixture of awe and sense of adventure. This was Anderson's first travel outside of New Zealand which at that time had a population of just over 2 million.

paragraph: Section::::The first tours.

paragraph: Arriving in England in 1962, Anderson set about planning a trip to see Europe however had only £25 to his name Anderson came up with the idea of advertising for 11 other young Australasians to join him on the trip. He worked out the total costs for the trip and then divided by 11, thus providing a free seat for himself.

paragraph: The trip sold quickly, assisted by Anderson meeting prospective fellow travellers and exaggerating his experience of Europe. In fact, his only previous experience of Europe was an overnight trip to Paris. Shortly after having sold all the seats, Anderson was approached by two more prospective passengers. Anderson decided to take advantage of the interest and advertise a second tour to operate following the first. This second tour also sold well and sold out before the first tour departed.

paragraph: Despite Anderson's inexperience the tour was a success. Anderson admitted his lack of European knowledge to his customers on the first day. After that, he and the eleven others shared duties and decision making, including driving duties in the 12 seater Commer van they christened "Tiki" after the Maori good luck charm

paragraph: For the second tour Anderson had increased the price from £100 to £115 per person. Despite this, upon arrival in Monaco Anderson found he had nearly run out of money and would be unable to complete the advertised itinerary. Anderson worked out the amount of money that he would need to express the group directly back to England and took the remaining funds to a casino where he gambled on the roulette tables. He won and was able to continue the tour without his customers finding out.

paragraph: Section::::Contiki Holidays.

paragraph: The trips which had begun as an exercise to fund his own travels around Europe became a fast-growing business; fleet and staff grew rapidly and a number of new tours were developed under the name "Tiki Tours", in recognition of the company's first vehicle.

paragraph: When the New Zealand Tourist Board challenged Anderson over his use of the name "Tiki Tours" he changed the company's name to "Contiki", the "con" coming from The "Con"tinent.

paragraph: Contiki grew to include tours worldwide. During the 1980s the company began to diversify from its roots as a tour company for 18- to 35-year-olds (originally 19 to 29). Examples included building hotel resorts in Queenstown and in the Great Barrier Reef, and the purchase of Fullers Ferries.

paragraph: By the mid 1980s Contiki was a global organisation headquartered in Hong Kong. Anderson was living in New Zealand and travelled frequently for directors meetings and to review the company's operations.

paragraph: Section::::Contiki Holidays.:Sale of Contiki.

paragraph: In the early 1980s Anderson sold down his investment in Contiki, allowing fellow directors to invest as shareholders. In 1985 Omnicorp, a company controlled by Lloyd Morrison purchased a 50% stake in the business.

paragraph: The stock market crash of 1987 devalued many of Contiki's assets. This, along with the poor performance of recent acquisitions, notably Fullers Ferries, placed Anderson in financial difficulty. In 1989 he was forced to sell his remaining shares in Contiki as well as his family home to avoid bankruptcy.

paragraph: Section::::After Contiki.

paragraph: During the early 1990s Anderson was employed to sell off the assets of former Contiki empire. His wife Ali returned to full-time work to supplement their income. They briefly owned and ran a chain of stores in Auckland selling packaged sandwiches. The business was short-lived and they moved to Blenheim in the late 1990s. Along with Contours Travel, John has started tours to South America for 'baby boomers'.

paragraph: Section::::After Contiki.:Public speaking.

paragraph: In recent years Anderson has taken up public speaking as a profession and has presented his Contiki story to many businesses.

paragraph: Section::::After Contiki.:"Only Two Seats Left".

paragraph: In 2010 Anderson published "Only Two Seats Left", an autobiography that focuses mainly on his time with Contiki from 1961 to 1989.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Only Two Seats Left

description: New Zealand businessman and founder of Contiki Holidays

wikidata_label: John Anderson

wikipedia_title: John Anderson (businessman)


text: Major

text: British Army

text: officer

text: Guildford

text: Surrey

text: Eton

text: Royal Military College, Sandhurst

text: Grenadier Guards

text: Second Boer War

text: China

text: World War I

text: killed in action

text: Gordon Chapel

text: first-class

text: cricket

text: Middlesex

text: Gloucestershire

text: County Championship

text: Henry Loch, 1st Baron Loch

text: Lieutenant-General

text: Sir George Gordon-Lennox

text: Rear-Admiral

text: Sir Alexander Gordon-Lennox

text: World War II

text: V-1 flying bomb

text: Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks

categories: People educated at Eton College,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,1878 births,English cricketers,Middlesex cricketers,Younger sons of dukes,Grenadier Guards officers,1914 deaths

paragraph: Lord Bernard Gordon-Lennox

paragraph: Major Lord Bernard Charles Gordon-Lennox (1 May 1878 – 10 November 1914), was a British Army officer.

paragraph: Gordon-Lennox was the third son of Charles Gordon-Lennox, 7th Duke of Richmond, by his first wife Amy Mary, daughter of Percy Ricardo, of Bramley Park, Guildford, Surrey. Charles Gordon-Lennox, 8th Duke of Richmond and Brigadier-General Lord Esmé Gordon-Lennox were his elder brothers. He was educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was a major in the Grenadier Guards and served in the Second Boer War, in China, and in World War I, where he was killed in action in November 1914, aged 36. He was buried in Zillebeke Churchyard Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery. There is a window dedicated to him at the Gordon Chapel in Scotland.

paragraph: Gordon-Lennox appeared in a single first-class cricket match for Middlesex against Gloucestershire in the 1903 County Championship.

paragraph: Gordon-Lennox married Evelyn, daughter of Henry Loch, 1st Baron Loch, in 1907. They had two sons, Lieutenant-General Sir George Gordon-Lennox and Rear-Admiral Sir Alexander Gordon-Lennox. Lady Bernard Gordon-Lennox remained a widow until her death in June 1944, during World War II, aged 67, when a V-1 flying bomb hit the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks.

description: English cricketer

wikidata_label: Lord Bernard Gordon-Lennox

wikipedia_title: Lord Bernard Gordon-Lennox


text: apostle

text: mayor

text: Salt Lake City

text: Utah Territory

text: Trenton, New York

text: Thomas Welles

text: Hancock County, Illinois

text: Nauvoo

text: Jack Mormon

text: Joseph Smith

text: Nauvoo Legion

text: baptized

text: Salt Lake Valley

text: Mormon pioneers

text: State of Deseret

text: Jedediah M. Grant

text: set apart

text: Brigham Young

text: First Presidency

text: Quorum of Twelve Apostles

text: St. George Temple

text: president

text: Manti Utah Temple

text: Salt Lake Temple

text: Salt Lake Tabernacle

text: Presiding Bishopric

text: People's Party

text: polygamy

text: president

text: Mission

text: Timpanogos

text: bishop

text: Fort Utah

text: First Presidency

text: Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

text: Brigham Young

text: Rock Canyon

text: Emmeline Blanche Woodward

text: Relief Society

text: Emmeline B. Wells

text: Rulon Seymour Wells

text: Heber Manning Wells

text: Briant Harris Wells

text: Elizabeth Wells Cannon

text: Salt Lake City Cemetery

text: Heber Manning Wells

text: Utah

text: Junius F. Wells

text: Wells–Bennett–Grant Family

text: Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Daniel H. Wells

categories: Temple presidents and matrons (LDS Church),1891 deaths,American general authorities (LDS Church),People's Party (Utah) politicians,Latter Day Saints from Illinois,Wells–Bennett–Grant family,1814 births,Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery,Converts to Mormonism,Mormonism and violence,Nauvoo, Illinois city council members,Counselors in the First Presidency (LDS Church),People of the Utah War,Apostles (LDS Church),Mission presidents (LDS Church),Members of the Utah Territorial Legislature,People from Trenton, New York,Members of the Council of Fifty,Mormon pioneers,Nauvoo Legion,Mayors of Salt Lake City

paragraph: Daniel H. Wells

paragraph: Daniel Hanmer Wells (October 27, 1814 – March 24, 1891) was an American apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and the third mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, United States.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Wells was born in Trenton, New York, a member of the sixth generation of his family in America. His original immigrant ancestor was Thomas Welles (1590–1659), who arrived in Massachusetts in 1635 and was the only man in Connecticut's history to hold all four top offices: governor, deputy governor, treasurer, and secretary. A few years after the death of his father in 1826, Daniel H. Wells left New York with his mother Catherine Chapin Wells and his younger sister Catherine C. Wells and moved to Illinois.

paragraph: Wells arrived in Hancock County, Illinois, in 1835. He lived in Commerce, Illinois—later renamed Nauvoo—and was a major landowner and justice of the peace there for several years prior to the arrival of large numbers of Latter Day Saints in 1839.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Relationship with the Latter-day Saints.

paragraph: Although not a member of the Latter-day Saints, Wells was considered by opponents of the church to be a "Jack Mormon", a term originally applied to non-members who were friendly to or defended the Latter Day Saints. In Nauvoo, he served on the city council and as a judge.

paragraph: Mobs invaded Nauvoo after the assassination of church founder Joseph Smith; Wells defended the city and fought as a Lieutenant General of the Nauvoo Legion, and also provided shelter for evacuees. Wells was not baptized into the LDS Church until August 9, 1846. He emigrated to the Salt Lake Valley with the Mormon pioneers in 1848.

paragraph: Well respected for his integrity and loyal service, he was elected Attorney General of State of Deseret in 1849. When Jedediah M. Grant died in 1856, Wells was ordained an apostle of the LDS Church and set apart as Second Counselor to Brigham Young in the First Presidency of the church. Although serving as an apostle, Wells was never sustained as a member of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles. Upon Young's death in 1877, Wells was sustained as a Counselor to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, a position he held until his death.

paragraph: On behalf of Brigham Young, Wells dedicated the St. George Temple on April 6, 1877. From 1888 to 1891, he was the first president of the Manti Utah Temple.

paragraph: From 1848 until 1863, Wells was superintendent of public works for the LDS Church and presided over the continuing construction of the Salt Lake Temple (completed 1893) and the Salt Lake Tabernacle (completed 1867). When Wells was no longer in the position, the operation of the church's public works program was placed under the supervision of the Presiding Bishopric.

paragraph: In 1866, Wells was elected mayor of Salt Lake City as a member of the newly formed People's Party; he was re-elected in both 1872 and 1874. In 1871, he was arrested by U.S. marshals on charges related to polygamy. Wells served twice as president of the European Mission of the LDS Church, first in 1864–65 and again in 1884–87.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Extermination order against Timpanogos.

paragraph: On January 31, 1850, Wells drafted orders for Captain George D. Grant to exterminate the Timpanogos, known as Special Order No. 2. The decision was the result of a meeting with Isaac Higbee, bishop of Fort Utah, together with the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Higbee reported conflict between the pioneers and the Timpanogos, and it was unanimously decided the only way to keep Fort Utah would be to exterminate the Timpanogos.

paragraph: The initial detachment commenced battle on February 8, 1850 under Captain Grant. However, after hearing reports of poor attitude of the settlers in working with Grants's troops, Brigham Young asked Wells to lead a detachment. On February 11th, Wells arrived and split the army into two. One contingent followed the trail of some Timpanogos who had fled up Rock Canyon. Wells led the other contingent south towards Spanish Fork river. He divided them into smaller parties and searched the southern valley for native peoples to kill. On February 14th, at Table Rock near the southeastern shore of Utah lake, one of the smaller hunting parties captured a band of Utes. Lieutenant Gunnison of the Stansbury Expedition reported that the Mormons promised to be friendly to the Timpanogos men, but then lined up the men to be executed in front of their families. Some attempted to flee across the frozen lake, but the Mormons ran after them on horseback and shot them. At least eleven Ute men were killed. In total, one militia man and an estimated 102 Timpanogos were killed.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Wells married Eliza Rebecca Robison in 1837 and with her had one son, Albert Emory Wells. His wife refused to accompany Wells to Utah in 1848 and later divorced him. Between 1849 and 1852, Wells married six additional wives: Louisa Free, with whom he had eight children; Martha Givens Harris, with whom he had seven children; Lydia Ann Alley, with whom he had six children; Susan Hannah Alley, with whom he had four children; Hannah Corilla Free, with whom he had eight children; and Emmeline Blanche Woodward, with whom he had three children. Louisa Free, Hannah Free, and Emmeline Woodward were all previously married and divorced or widowed. Each had one or more children whom Wells adopted and reared as his own.

paragraph: In 1852, Wells married his seventh wife, future Relief Society General President Emmeline B. Wells. She bore him three daughters.

paragraph: Marriages and Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- March 12, 1837 in Nauvoo, Illinois to Eliza Rebecca Robison (January 4, 1820 in Cincinnati, OH-August 2, 1905 in Alma, MI); divorced May 1848

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Albert Emory Wells (March 28, 1839 in Nauvoo, IL-January 26, 1916 in Belding, MI)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. John Brigham Wells (February 25, 1846 in Nauvoo, IL-February 25, 1846 in Nauvoo, IL)

paragraph: BULLET::::- February 15, 1849 in Salt Lake City, Utah to Louisa Free (August 9, 1824 in Fayetteville, IL-June 18, 1886 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Daniel Hanmer Wells Jr. (November 24, 1849 in Salt Lake City, UT-September 19, 1926 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Frances Louisa Wells (March 13, 1852 in Salt Lake City, UT-March 5, 1944 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Rulon Seymour Wells (July 7, 1854 in Salt Lake City, UT-May 7, 1941 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Emeline Young Wells (April 13, 1857 in Salt Lake City, UT-March 17, 1941 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Eliza Free Lyde Wells (October 3, 1859 in Salt Lake City, UT-December 2, 1940 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Clara Ellen Wells (October 23, 1862 in Salt Lake City, UT-April 30, 1946 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Melvin Dickinson Wells (July 31, 1867 in Salt Lake City, UT-September 11, 1941 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::- September 20, 1849 in Salt Lake City, Utah to Martha Givens Harris (March 27, 1832 in Lebanon, TN-May 12, 1908 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Emily Harris Wells (April 22, 1857 in Salt Lake City, UT-May 25, 1908 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Heber Manning Wells (August 11, 1859 in Salt Lake City, UT-March 12, 1938 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Joseph Smith Wells (May 25, 1862 in Salt Lake City, UT-October 18, 1916 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Herman Chapman Wells (February 13, 1867 in Salt Lake City, UT-September 8, 1868 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Edna Margaret Wells (July 5, 1869 in Salt Lake City, UT-July 5, 1935 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Briant Harris Wells (December 5, 1871 in Salt Lake City, UT-June 10, 1949 in Long Beach, CA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- April 4, 1852 in Salt Lake City, Utah to Lydia Ann Alley (January 1, 1828 in Lynn, MA-August 6, 1909 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Catherine Alley Wells (March 28, 1853 in Salt Lake City, UT-November 10, 1922 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Mary Minerva Wells (December 10, 1854 in Salt Lake City, UT-January 25, 1935 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Lucy Ann Wells (December 4, 1858 in Salt Lake City, UT-October 23, 1859 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Louis Robinson Wells (December 21, 1862 in Salt Lake City, UT-November 23, 1952 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Wilford Woodruff Wells (June 21, 1868 in Salt Lake City, UT-October 10, 1868 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Arthur Deming Wells (September 1, 1871 in Salt Lake City, UT-December 1, 1871 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::- April 18, 1852 in Salt Lake City, Utah to Susan Hannah Alley (May 3, 1830 in Lynn, MA-May 5, 1924 in Salt Lake City, UT; sister of Lydia above)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Susan Annette Wells (November 28, 1857 in Salt Lake City, UT-November 21, 1929 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. George Alley Wells (December 18, 1859 in Salt Lake City, UT-July 24, 1872 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Stephen Franklin Wells (June 25, 1867 in Salt Lake City, UT-July 23, 1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Charles Henry Wells (August 28, 1870 in Salt Lake City, UT-December 31, 1944 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::- August 6, 1852 in Salt Lake City, Utah to Hannah Corilla Free (June 9, 1829 in Belleville, IL-March 6, 1913 in Salt Lake City, UT; sister of Louisa above)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Abbie Corilla Wells (September 20, 1852 in Salt Lake City, UT-September 25, 1930 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Junius Free Wells (June 1, 1854 in Salt Lake City, UT-April 15, 1930 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Luna Pamela Wells (August 24, 1856 in Salt Lake City, UT-November 4, 1857 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Brigham Wells (April 14, 1859 in Salt Lake City, UT-October 26, 1863 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Preston Strait Wells (May 11, 1861 in Salt Lake City, UT-June 4, 1861 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Ephraim Willard Wells (September 17, 1863 in Salt Lake City, UT-October 18, 1863 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Gershom Britain Finley Wells (November 19, 1864 in Lancashire, England-May 21, 1944 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Victor Pennington Wells (May 18, 1868 in Salt Lake City, UT-January 3, 1927 in Lancaster, PA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- October 18, 1852 in Salt Lake City, Utah to Emmeline Blanche Woodward (February 29, 1828 in Petersham, MA-April 25, 1921 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Emma Whitney Wells (September 10, 1853 in Salt Lake City, UT-April 8, 1878 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Elizabeth Wells Cannon (Elizabeth Ann "Annie" Wells) (December 7, 1859 in Salt Lake City, UT-September 2, 1942 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Louisa Martha "Louie" Wells (August 27, 1862 in Salt Lake City, UT-May 16, 1887 in Salt Lake City, UT)

paragraph: BULLET::::- November 14, 1871 in Salt Lake City, Utah to Hannah Tupper (March 23, 1823 in Parishville, NY-December 15, 1893 in Loa, UT)

paragraph: Wells died in Salt Lake City at the age of 76 and was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery. Wells's son by his wife Martha G. Harris, Heber Manning Wells, was the first governor of the state of Utah, serving from 1896 to 1905.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Junius F. Wells

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wells–Bennett–Grant Family

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Daniel H. Wells

description: Apostle of LDS Church and Mayor of Salt Lake City

wikidata_label: Daniel H. Wells

wikipedia_title: Daniel H. Wells


text: School of Informatics

text: University of Edinburgh

text: operational semantics

text: denotational semantics

text: computer science

text: University of Glasgow

text: University of Edinburgh

text: Rod Burstall

text: Robin Milner

text: Luca Cardelli

text: Philippa Gardner

text: Doug Gurr

text: Eugenio Moggi

text: Lǐ Wèi

text: Fellow of the Royal Society

text: Academia Europæa

text: Milner Award

text: Royal Society

categories: Alumni of the University of Edinburgh,Formal methods people,Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award holders,Fellows of the Royal Society,Academics of the University of Edinburgh,British computer scientists,British Jews,Members of Academia Europaea,1946 births,Programming language researchers,Jewish scientists,Living people

paragraph: Gordon Plotkin

paragraph: Gordon David Plotkin, (born 9 September 1946) is a theoretical computer scientist in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh. Plotkin is probably best known for his introduction of structural operational semantics (SOS) and his work on denotational semantics. In particular, his notes on "A Structural Approach to Operational Semantics" were very influential. He has contributed to many other areas of computer science.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Plotkin was educated at the University of Glasgow and the University of Edinburgh, gaining his Bachelor of Science degree in 1967 and PhD in 1972 supervised by Rod Burstall.

paragraph: Section::::Career and research.

paragraph: Plotkin has remained at Edinburgh, and was, with Burstall and Robin Milner, a co-founder of the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science (LFCS). His former doctoral students include Luca Cardelli, Philippa Gardner, Doug Gurr, Eugenio Moggi, and Lǐ Wèi.

paragraph: Section::::Career and research.:Awards and honours.

paragraph: Plotkin was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1992, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) and is a Member of the Academia Europæa. He is also a winner of the Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. Plotkin received the Milner Award in 2012 for "his fundamental research into programming semantics with lasting impact on both the principles and design of programming languages." His nomination for the Royal Society reads:

alias:
Gordon David Plotkin
Gordon D. Plotkin

description: Computer Scientist

wikidata_label: Gordon Plotkin

wikipedia_title: Gordon Plotkin


text:
Moscow
naval engineer
hull
ocean liner
SS "Normandie"
Saint Petersburg Polytechnic Institute
Alexei Krylov
Kronstadt
shipbuilding
second lieutenant
Baltic shipyard
Battle of Tsushima
cruiser
dreadnought
"Sevastopol"
October Revolution
Russian Civil War
White Movement
Wrangel
Crimea
Turkey
stevedore
Paris
turner
Renault
draughtsman
British
RMS Queen Mary
SS Normandie
Paris
Hamburg
Bulbous bow
Clipper
Great Depression
Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
Le Havre
New York City
Blue Riband
RMS Queen Mary
World War II
Costa Concordia
Franklin D. Roosevelt
William Francis Gibbs
SS United States
Europe
patent
Great Britain
Polytechnic Institute
Washington, DC
University of Michigan
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
U.S. Maritime Administration
World War II
Orthodox
Novo-Diveevo
Nanuet, New York
List of Russian inventors
Biography of Yourkevitch
Biography of Yourkevitch

categories: Russian inventors,French engineers,1885 births,American engineers,United States Navy personnel,Russian shipbuilders,1964 deaths,People from Moscow Governorate,Russian engineers,People from Moscow,White Russian emigrants to the United States,Naval architects,Burials at Novo-Diveevo Russian Cemetery,American people of Russian descent,Imperial Russian emigrants to France,Imperial Russian Navy personnel,White Russian emigrants to France,Imperial Russian emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Vladimir Yurkevich

paragraph: Vladimir Ivanovich Yourkevitch (, also spelled Yurkevich, 1885 in Moscow – December 13, 1964) was a Russian naval engineer, developer of the modern design of ship hulls, and designer of the famous ocean liner SS "Normandie". He worked in Russia, France and the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Vladimir Yourkevitch attended Saint Petersburg Polytechnic Institute from 1903 to 1907; he was a pupil of Alexei Krylov. After graduation, he entered Kronstadt Naval School. One year later he received a degree as shipbuilding engineer and was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant.

paragraph: He was assigned to work in the design bureau of the Baltic shipyard. After the defeat of Russia in the war with Japan and the actual loss of the navy in the Battle of Tsushima, the Naval Staff Headquarters was set up in Russia, which worked out a programme for the modernization of the Russian navy. The Baltic shipyard was supposed to play a special role in the realization of the programme.

paragraph: The young engineer was entrusted to work on the biggest and fastest cruisers that existed at that time. According to specialists, the first Russian dreadnought "Sevastopol", which was launched in 1911, "was many years ahead of the world in shipbuilding." Yourkevitch's famous "streamlined form" was realised for the first time in its construction.

paragraph: In 1915, Yourkevitch was transferred to the Sailing Department of the Baltic shipyard. He was designated designer of the "Forel" and "Ersh" submarines. He took part in the design process and testing of 11 submarines of the "AG" type. He also was one of the main designer of 4 super-dreadnoughts: "Borodino", "Kinbourn", "Izmail" and "Navarin". The new shape of hulls provided excellent results on the tests of the models, but the warships were not built because of the October Revolution.

paragraph: During the Russian Civil War, Yourkevitch became an officer with the White Movement. In 1920, after the defeat of Wrangel's army in Crimea, he emigrated to Turkey. He wholly experienced all the hardships of living in a foreign country, including the absolute impossibility of working at his profession. He found a job as a stevedore. Then, with a group of immigrants, he set up an old car repair shop. Two years later he found himself in Paris.

paragraph: Even at that time, Yourkevitch was an outstanding engineer. However, he had to work as a turner at the Renault car factory and as a draughtsman at a shipyard. He was trying to convince British shipbuilders to use the hull design he developed in Russia for the project of RMS Queen Mary, claiming it would be equivalent to a power boost of 1/6 but was rejected.

paragraph: Only six years later did he get the opportunity to work based on his qualifications. He was employed by the large shipbuilding company Penhoët, which had a monopoly on the construction of passenger ships. Soon, the Penhoët company was commissioned to work out a project to construct a massive new transatlantic liner called the SS Normandie. Yourkevitch decided to design the body plan of the ship independently, which played a very significant role in his future life.

paragraph: Work on the project started in 1929. To prove the superiority of his ideas, Yourkevitch believed he had to work until late at night. "He created his work in primitive, refugee-style surroundings, where the drawing board was the most sacred object. On the walls, on the floor and on the desks there were volumes of correspondence, tables, diagrams…" remembered one of Yourkevitch's friends.

paragraph: After more than five years of painstaking labour, calculations and checking, the project was adopted. "I had to sustain a long fight: the forms I suggested were so different from the ones that were generally accepted, that I had to argue in their favour to the end. It cost me a lot of emotions," confessed Yourkevitch later.

paragraph: The testing, which started first in Paris and then in Hamburg, proved the complete and obvious superiority of Yourkevich's model. It was the fastest of 25 models that had been suggested, mainly by French specialists. It struck everyone by the novelty of its hull, that combined a Bulbous bow with the Clipper-style of the top of the hull.

paragraph: With France initially unaffected by the Great Depression, Compagnie Générale Transatlantique ("CGT" or "The French Line") started the construction of what would become the "Normandie" in 1931, and she was launched in 1932. But as the Depression reduced demand for transatlantic travel, CGT slowed her fitting-out, and she did not enter service for two and a half years. On her maiden voyage in May 1935 from Le Havre to New York City, she crossed from the Bishop Rock to Ambrose light in four days, three hours and five minutes at an average speed of almost 30 knots, bettering the previous record by over a knot, and earning "Normandie" the Blue Riband for the fastest crossing. She later lost it to RMS Queen Mary, and then took it back before losing it for good. But the revolutionary design of "Normandie's" hull allowed her, with 160,000 h.p engines, to be almost as fast as "Queen Mary", a ship virtually the same size but with 200,000 h.p. engines. Normandie also required much less fuel than Queen Mary. From that time the designs of almost all big ship hulls copied that of "Normandie".

paragraph: Yourkevitch himself was in New York City on 9 February 1942 when the Normandie accidentally caught fire in one of the World War II era's most astounding disasters. He could have saved this ship, based mostly on his intimate knowledge of the liner's ballast systems, but the NYC fire department would not call on him. They shot too much water to the wrong places and she capsized overnight. (The situation was also complicated by the fact that the ship's advanced fire suppression systems had been offline and un-staffed at the time). The United States Navy would later partner with him during what was then the largest and most complicated salvage operation on a passenger liner until the advent of the Costa Concordia incident of 2013. Even after the ship was but a blistered hull with most of her superstructure gone, he strongly believed she was salvageable. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and others in the war department felt the same way, but further inspections of her innovative hull nevertheless uncovered damages and other issues in the ship and made her beyond repair according to experts. The idea of putting the former ocean liner to sea as an aircraft carrier was also shelved. The "Normandie"'s eventual scrapping in 1946 was said to have been understandably heartbreaking to Yourkevitch, as well as associated maritime architects such has William Francis Gibbs, who would soon design his own masterpiece, the SS United States in 1951, with fireproofing especially in mind.

paragraph: From then on, Yourkevitch was always accompanied by success. He managed to set up his own design bureau called BAKNI in France, then opened several branches throughout Europe and finally patented his body plan for the Normandie in Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Italy, the United States, France and Japan. Leading European countries became BAKNI's regular customers not only for designing new ships, which were the fastest and the most economical in the world, but also for the reconstruction of old ones.

paragraph: Yourkevitch moved to America on 5 March 1937. He founded a technical bureau in New York called Yourkevitch Ship Designs, Inc. and started negotiating with representatives of the naval and commercial fleets of the USA, as well as with private shipping companies. A. N. Vlasov, also a graduate from the Polytechnic Institute and the owner of over forty ocean liners, rendered Yourkevitch financial assistance and addressed his compatriots with the following appeal: "We, Russian-Americans, are very proud of the success of our talented compatriot and consider it our sacred duty to support his new enterprise in America… We view the cause of V. I. Yourkevitch as the National Cause of Russia."

paragraph: The first testing of Yourkevitch's models took place in Washington, DC, in the government testing basin. They exceeded the results of the models designed by competitors. By 1938, 42 ships had been built or reconstructed according to Yourkevitch's designs.

paragraph: From 1939 to 1945 Yourkevitch continued his scientific and educational studies. A number of his articles were dedicated to the problems of upgrading the form of the hull, to the ship's steadiness and speed and to the ocean liners of the future. He gave lectures on the theory of ship design at the University of Michigan and in the Shipbuilding Department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1940, Yourkevitch started working as a technical consultant for the U.S. Maritime Administration and contributed to the design of US warships during World War II.

paragraph: In the post-war years of 1954-1957 he worked on a project of a giant ship that would carry six thousand passengers from New York to Le Havre within three days for… only 50 dollars. Two ships of this class were supposed to service the line between the USA and Germany. For several years the American press made a fuss over the sensational project, but it was never realised. To a significant degree the realisation was hampered by the financial difficulties of the customer, and also by the shipping and airline companies that were afraid of losing passengers and profits.

paragraph: Almost to the end of his days he worked as a consultant for big shipbuilding companies in England, Canada and the USA. Yourkevitch died in December 1964. He was buried at the Russian Orthodox cemetery at the Novo-Diveevo Convent in Nanuet, New York.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Russian inventors

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Yourkevitch

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Yourkevitch

description: Russian naval architect

wikidata_label: Vladimir Yourkevitch

wikipedia_title: Vladimir Yourkevich

wikipedia_title: Vladimir Yurkevich


text: Antipodeans

text: Barry Humphries

text: Melbourne Grammar School

text: Antipodeans Group

text: abstract expressionism

text: National Gallery of Victoria Art School

text: Collins St., 5 pm

text: The Bar

text: Manet

text: A Bar at the Folies-Bergère

text: six o'clock swill

text: Australian Dream

text: allegories

text: catalogue raisonné

text: Heide Museum of Modern Art

text: National Portrait Gallery

text: Canberra

text: Old Parliament House

text: "The Bar"

text: John Brack: Retrospective Exhibition

text: The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia

text: 'The Nude in the Art of John Brack'

text: Langwarrin

text: 'John Brack – Inside and Outside'

text: National Gallery of Australia

text: 'John Brack and Fred Williams'

text: Art Gallery of South Australia

text: National Gallery of Victoria

text: Monash University

text: Australian National University

text: Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

text: Self-portrait 1955

text: Australian art

text: John Brack

text: Art Gallery of New South Wales

text: The Sewing Machine 1955 at

text: Ballarat Fine Art Gallery

text: John Brack at OnlyMelbourne

categories: 1999 deaths,1920 births,Artists from Melbourne,20th-century Australian painters,20th-century printmakers,Australian printmakers

paragraph: John Brack

paragraph: John Brack (10 May 1920 – 11 February 1999) was an Australian painter, and a member of the Antipodeans group. According to one critic, Brack's early works captured the idiosyncrasies of their time "more powerfully and succinctly than any Australian artist before or since. Brack forged the iconography of a decade on canvas as sharply as Barry Humphries did on stage."

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: John Brack was Art Master at Melbourne Grammar School (1952–62). His art first achieved prominence in the 1950s. He also joined the Antipodeans Group in the 1950s which protested against abstract expressionism. He was appointed Head of National Gallery of Victoria Art School (1962–68), where he was an influence on many artists and the creation of the expanded school attached to the new gallery building.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Brack's early conventional style evolved into one of simplified, almost stark, shapes and areas of deliberately drab colour, often featuring large areas of brown. He made an initial mark in the 1950s with works on the contemporary Australian culture, such as the iconic "Collins St., 5 pm" (1955), a view of rush hour in post-war Melbourne. Set in a bleak palette of browns and greys, it was a comment on the conformity of everyday life, with all figures looking almost identical. A related painting "The Bar" (1954) was modelled on Manet's "A Bar at the Folies-Bergère", and satirised the six o'clock swill, a social ritual arising from the early closing of Australian pubs. Most of these early paintings and drawings were unmistakably satirical comments against the Australian Dream, either being set in the newly expanding post-war suburbia or taking the life of those who lived there as their subject matter.

paragraph: In the 1970s Brack produced a long series of highly stylised works featuring objects such as pencils in complex patterns. These were intended as allegories of contemporary life.

paragraph: Section::::Period and themes.

paragraph: Brack's works cover a wide range topics and themes. He often did a series of works on a particular theme over a number of years. His portraits, including self-portraits, and portraits of family, friends and commissions, and his paintings of nudes were produced throughout his career.

paragraph: BULLET::::- War time drawings (1943–45)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scenes of urban life (Shops, street scenes etc.) (1952–

paragraph: BULLET::::- Racecourse (1953–1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- School, the playground (1959–60)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wedding (1960–61)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shop Windows (1963–1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ballroom Dancers (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gymnastics (1971–73)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Postcards and implements (1976–

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pencils and pens (1981–

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mannequins (1989–90

paragraph: "The Art of John Brack" by Sasha Grishin includes a catalogue raisonné of his work to 1990. The catalogue for the exhibition at Heide Museum of Modern Art in 2000 includes works to 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions and auctions.

paragraph: A major retrospective exhibition of Brack's work opened at the National Portrait Gallery in Canberra on 24 August 2007, National Portrait Gallery, Old Parliament House, 24 August 2007 – 18 November 2007. the last major exhibition for the gallery before its relocation. Brack's widow, Helen Maudsley, an artist in her own right, attended the opening and commented that Brack was not concerned with the social standing of the sitter, but rather the artistic merit of their participation in the piece.

paragraph: Brack's painting "The Bar" sold for $3.2 million in April 2006, while in May 2007 his painting "The Old Time" sold for $3.36 million at auction in Sydney, a record for a painting by an Australian artist.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 John Brack: Retrospective Exhibition, The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006–2007 'The Nude in the Art of John Brack', MacClelland Gallery and Sculpture Park, Langwarrin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 'John Brack – Inside and Outside', works in the N.G.A. collection, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 'John Brack and Fred Williams', Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987–88 'John Brack – A Retrospective', National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 'Drawings, 1945–79', Monash University Gallery, Melbourne

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 'Paintings and Drawings, 1945–77', Australian National University

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 'Selected Paintings, 1947–77', Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Gallery, Melbourne

paragraph: Section::::Images.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Self-portrait 1955

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Australian art

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ronald Millar, "John Brack", (1971) Lansdowne Press Melbourne. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Brack at the Art Gallery of New South Wales

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Sewing Machine 1955 at Ballarat Fine Art Gallery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Brack at OnlyMelbourne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Images of John Brack's prints at "Prints and Printmaking" .

description: Australian artist

wikidata_label: John Brack

wikipedia_title: John Brack


text: Butthole Surfers

text: Dallas

text: Texas

text: Jerry Haynes

text: Dallas

text: Mr. Peppermint

text: Fred E. Haynes Jr.

text: Trinity University

text: accounting

text: Peat Marwick

text: Butthole Surfers

text: psychedelic music

text: Al Jourgensen

text: Timothy Leary

text: Ministry

text: Jesus Built My Hotrod

text: Revolting Cocks

text: Cocked and Loaded

text: P

text: Johnny Depp

text: The Dead Milkmen

text: Deconstruction

text: Eric Avery

text: Jane's Addiction

text: Varshons

text: cover song

text: The Lemonheads

text: Liv Tyler

text: Kate Moss

text: Mastodon

text: Recess Activities

text: Brooklyn

text: Dustin Yellin

text: Johnny Depp

text: John Frusciante's

text: Stuff

text: GWAR

text: Phallus in Wonderland

text: Jim Jarmusch

text: Dead Man

text: fellated

text: Gregg Araki

text: Nowhere

text: Adult Swim

text: Delocated

text: A collection of Haynes' artwork

categories: Noise rock musicians,Singers from Texas,Trinity University (Texas) alumni,American heavy metal singers,American male singers,People from Dallas,Butthole Surfers members,1957 births,Hardcore punk musicians,Musicians from Dallas,Living people

paragraph: Gibby Haynes

paragraph: Gibson Jerome Haynes (born September 30, 1957) is an American musician, radio personality, painter, and the lead singer of the band Butthole Surfers.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Born and raised in Dallas, Texas, he is the son of actor Jerry Haynes, best known as Dallas-based children's TV host "Mr. Peppermint", and Doris Haynes. His uncle was World War II hero and future Major General Fred E. Haynes Jr. Haynes was a star on his high school's basketball team, and he attended Trinity University to study accounting. While at Trinity, Gibby was the captain of the basketball team, president of his fraternity, and was named the Accounting Student of the Year. After graduating, he went to work as an auditor for the accounting firm Peat Marwick. After a year of working in accounting, he formed Butthole Surfers, a group who became notorious for their elaborate stage shows and psychedelic music. Gibby Haynes and Al Jourgensen lived with Timothy Leary.

paragraph: Haynes played saxophone on several albums, including the band's debut LP "Psychic... Powerless... Another Man's Sac".

paragraph: Haynes appears with Ministry (recording the lead vocals on their song “Jesus Built My Hotrod”) and the 2006 Revolting Cocks CD entitled "Cocked and Loaded".

paragraph: Haynes has also fronted the band P with friend and actor Johnny Depp. He also did guest vocals for The Dead Milkmen and Deconstruction, Eric Avery's short-lived post-Jane's Addiction band. Haynes’ solo project is called Gibby Haynes and His Problem. In 2009 he produced Varshons, a record of cover songs by The Lemonheads featuring guest vocals from Liv Tyler and Kate Moss. Gibby Haynes also appeared as a guest vocalist on the song "Atlanta" by Mastodon which was a limited edition release on 18 April 2015 to celebrate Record Store Day 2015.

paragraph: Also a painter, in spring of 2011 Gibby exhibited some of his water colors and drawings at the Recess Activities space in the Kidd Yellin Gallery, located in Brooklyn, founded by Charlotte Kidd and Dustin Yellin.

paragraph: Section::::Work in film and television.

paragraph: Haynes and Johnny Depp produced a mini-documentary about John Frusciante's life called "Stuff". In late 1992, Haynes appeared in GWAR's first long-form video, "Phallus in Wonderland" as director Fritz Wang. Haynes appeared briefly in Jim Jarmusch's 1995 film "Dead Man" as a man being fellated in an alley. He also has a very small cameo appearance in Gregg Araki's 1997 film "Nowhere" and the Adult Swim television show "Delocated". Additionally he appears as uncredited in "CB4".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A collection of Haynes' artwork as part of the "Power Pathos" (2006) show at the Station Museum of Contemporary Art - Houston, TX

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://www.spin.com/2007/07/they-came-hollywood/

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Gibby Haynes

wikipedia_title: Gibby Haynes


text: industrial

text: breakcore

text: Kuopio

text: Finland

text: Hecate

text: Greek goddess

text: sorcery

text: record label

text: non-mainstream

text: Nymphomatriarch

text: Venetian Snares

text: Vienna

text: Vrangsinn

text: Marquis De Sade

text: Philosophy in the Bedroom

text: William S. Burroughs

text: Naked Lunch

text: Headbanger's Ball

text: black metal

text: Bong-Ra

text: Xanopticon

text: Franco Battiato

text: Pain Teens

text: King Crimson

text: Venetian Snares

text: Lustmord

text: Christoph Fringeli

text: Black Funeral

text: Belphegor

text: Salzburg

text: Austria

text: Nuclear Blast

text: Pestapokalypse VI

text: Pestapokalypse VI

text: Bondage Goat Zombie

text: Walpurgis Rites – Hexenwahn

text: Blood Magick Necromance

text: Conjuring the Dead

text: Der Blutharsch

text: music video

text: YouTube

text: Kuopio

text: Finland

text: Nymphomatriarch

text: Venetian Snares

text: Hymen Records

text: Der Blutharsch

text: List of female electronic musicians

text: List of breakcore artists

text: MySpace Page

categories: 1976 births,American female musicians,Breakcore,American electronic musicians,Black metal musicians,Female heavy metal singers,American women in electronic music,American experimental musicians,Living people

paragraph: Hecate (musician)

paragraph: Rachael Lynn Gabriela Kozak-Salmi (born May 26, 1976), better known by her stage name Hecate, is an American-Austrian experimental industrial and breakcore musician currently based in Kuopio, Finland. Her stage name originates from Hecate, the Greek goddess of sorcery.

paragraph: With a career spanning over twenty years and over thirty releases to her name, she is considered one of the most prolific female producers of dark underground electronic music. Together with Kareem she co-founded the independent record label Zhark Recordings in 1996, before parting ways and continuing her share of the label as Zhark London/Zhark International. The formation of the label was a direct response to the lack of suitable outlets for non-mainstream and underground electronic artists. Mixing hardcore electronica with elements of heavy metal, her solo releases include the highly acclaimed 2006 album 'Brew Hideous', described by Exclaim! author Laura Taylor as "a hellish soundtrack to an old, real-life horror".

paragraph: Amongst her more controversial works is the 2003 release 'Nymphomatriarch' with Venetian Snares. The album was constructed of synthesised recordings created during their sexual activities on the road. Although a polished and musically accomplished piece, Rachael later spoke out about the blatant sexism and erasure of her contribution that she endured in the wake of the release.

paragraph: In 1998 Rachael founded Homewrecker Recordings (aka The Homewrecker Foundation), an all-female electronic label she described as being "born of want". The label was put to rest in 2001, with Rachael stating that although she will always encourage female talent in the genre "you can lead a horse to water but you can't make them drink".

paragraph: After a period of absence from her Hecate persona, she returned once again in 2017 with two successful collaborations: 'ABSOLUTION' with Instinct Primal and 'Final Planet 666' with Der Blutharsch and the Infinite Hand of the Leading Path.

paragraph: Outside of the music scene, Rachael also exhibits as an accomplished multidisciplinary artist. Her works include large-scale paintings, illustrations, ceramic sculptures, screen printed clothing and mixed media montage. Her first exhibition was at SMart Café in Vienna, May 2014.

paragraph: As a performance artist, she has made notable appearances in Belphegor's 2010 music video 'Impaled Upon the Tongue of Satan' and Daniel Vrangsinn's 2011 video project 'Taboo'.

paragraph: Section::::As a Musician.

paragraph: Section::::As a Musician.:As Hecate.

paragraph: With the formation of Zhark Recordings in 1996, two collaborations with DJ Kareem appeared on 7" vinyl entitled 'In The Bush' and 'The Payback'. Besides the 1997 cassette tape only release 'Pay for Protection' (via Kool.POP), the records served as the first major appearances of Rachael Kozak under the Hecate persona.

paragraph: From there she proceeded to release her own solo material beginning with 1998's 'Hate Cats' on 12". The following year saw the release of 'Negative World Status', a prominent piece of work released both as 12" black vinyl and a limited edition dark pink vinyl, limited to 500 copies. The EP was well received, with a UHT article stating: "Pray to die before becomes real what this music is trying to describe you! Masterpiece in the genre!"

paragraph: The first Hecate full-length LP was released in 2001, entitled 'The Magick of Female Ejaculation' on double 12" and compact disc. While the vinyl edition contained eleven tracks, the CD edition contained a further four bonus tracks. The press release for the LP describes it as "eleven channels on a journey through the female psyche experienced through the eyes and ears of Hecate". With its dominant themes of love, life, sex and death, Rachael listed The Marquis De Sade as being amongst her influences. The ninth track features Rachel/Hecate reading the opening paragraph of de Sade's prolific 1795 story 'Philosophy in the Bedroom' (La philosophie dans le Boudoir).

paragraph: A string of successful LP and EP releases followed. Hot on the heels of 'Philosophy In The Bedroom', her next full-length offering 'Ascension Chamber' materialised in 2003. Another double 12"/CD release, the ten tracks of the album relate to the ten separate sephiroths of the Qabalah. The cover artwork and gatefold painting were created by Rachael herself, being an artist for many years already (see 'As a Multidisciplinary Artist' below). She later confessed that it is one of the few Hecate releases to contain tracks that could possibly be described as "uplifting" due to the seemingly gentle nature of 'Kether' and 'Chesed'. Nonetheless, a review in Terrorizer Magazine praised the continuation of the Hecate sound: "While listening to Hecate's 'Ascension Chamber' you could swear blind that it's being used as a portal for her devious demons to enter your realm and screw with the sounds of the universe. The depth and structure to the tracks is awesome, you think you can recognise sounds, but then they blend and bleed into another forever transforming and mutating, changing the very essence of the tunes. Outstanding."

paragraph: 2004 brought forth 'Seven Veils of Silence', a concept album of sorts described as "a sonic storytelling of Salome". The album was initially released as a 12" with bonus 7" and later issued on CD. The album was heavily praised for its use of atmospheric Middle Eastern music and departure from the typical Breakcore genre, with one IGLOO review stating: "It doesn't sound breakcore (sic) anymore, there are only some jungle breaks here and there but they don't affect the dark rarefied atmosphere of the album. There are a lot of oriental influences instead, like horns, chants and percussions, mixed with buzzing bass and clicky electronics. The overall sound is gloomy, menacing and claustrophobic, emphasized by the apocalyptical landscape of the artwork. Seven Veils of Silence defines a genre on its own."

paragraph: Returning closer to her roots in 2005, Hecate released a limited special mini LP 'Wholesale Massacre of All Identifiable Replicas' on clear 12" vinyl. The sleeve was hand screened both inside and outside along with individual hand numbering. A total of 499 copies were created. Delving heavily into themes of drug abuse and twisted love, William S. Burroughs' 'Naked Lunch' was cited as a loose inspiration alongside her own nights of heavy excess.

paragraph: Of all her full-length released, 2006's 'Brew Hideous' appeared to amass the most critical acclaim in dark music media owing to its infusion of electronic music with strong nods to Black Metal. Even the cover artwork and new logo paid homage to the extremities of the Black Metal genre. This era also marks the beginning of Hecate's ongoing collaboration with Belphegor. Centred around the real-life persecution of accused witches – and their subsequent torture and execution – the album's track listing appears carefully ordered to tell a story. From the ritualistic antics of a witches' coven ('Coven In Heat') to their eventual punishment ('Trial By Ordeal'), 'Brew Hideous' is "A journey into the heart of darkness and a bewildering sustained release of menace" according to Terrorizer's Jonathan Selzer. Cue Mix Magazine hailed the record as one of her best.

paragraph: 'Brew Hideous - The Remixes' was released in 2011 via Ad Noiseam and featured contributions from White Darkness, Amboss, Vile Enginez and Slutmachine.

paragraph: Section::::As a Musician.:On Tour as Hecate.

paragraph: Rachael has toured extensively as Hecate, being invited to play in various locations all over the world. The USA and Europe featured heavily on her touring schedule, alongside opportunities in further regions such as South America and Russia. As her reputation spread, Hecate was also invited to DJ in Japan. Having previously toured the country in 2008 alongside members of UTEROZZZAAA, yet another invite was extended in 2017 from U Hang No Da. Their time together was nicknamed the "Ultimate Stalked Tour". Touring aside, Rachael has frequently expressed a personal love of the country.

paragraph: In a 2013 interview with USBMS, Rachael recalls her "intense" stay in Bogotá, Colombia 2008 during which she played a set in an all-female prison. She described the show as "the absolute height of emotion I ever experienced while playing!" The attending crowd was in excess of over 500 prisoners.

paragraph: In 2014 a documentary of footage was officially released of the Zhark International Abomination of Desolation Tour. Filmed in 2005, the tour was a venture around Europe feating Abelcain, Xanopticon, Val and Hecate. Eerily the tour coincided with the death of Pope John Paul II, further fuelling the spirit of the occult and anti-organised religion often found within Zhark releases.

paragraph: According to her official website, Hecate has "invaded":

paragraph: USA, Canada, Mexico, Colombia, Ukraine, Russia, United Kingdom, Japan, Sweden, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, The Netherlands, Spain, Latvia and Finland.

paragraph: Section::::As a Musician.:As Raquel de Grimstone.

paragraph: In 2002 Rachael adopted the persona of Raquel de Grimstone in order to explore and expand on her vocal abilities, which were not directly in keeping with the Hecate sound. The project accumulated in a full-length album entitled 'FreeMansonicYouth'. Unlike many other works, the album was released only on the compact disc format, although six tracks were previously released over a trilogy of 7" vinyls. 'Venom Bytes' was released on her sub-label The Homewrecker Foundation while the album materialised as a full Zhark International release.

paragraph: Section::::Influences and collaborations.

paragraph: Kozak has indicated appreciation for the 1980s metal once featured on "Headbanger's Ball", black metal, Bong-Ra, Xanopticon, Franco Battiato, Pain Teens, King Crimson and Urfaust, amongst many others. She has collaborated with Venetian Snares, Lustmord, Abelcain, Christoph Fringeli, and Michael Ford of Black Funeral. She also worked with the Austrian Blackened Death Metal band Belphegor on five LPs (see below).

paragraph: Section::::Influences and collaborations.:Collaboration with Belphegor.

paragraph: Belphegor is an extreme metal band from Salzburg, Austria. Rachael initially met the band after their move to a new label, Nuclear Blast. It was during this time that the band began work on Pestapokalypse VI, eventually released in 2006. Upon their invite, she contributed to the outro sound collage on Das Pesthaus / Miasma Epilog (specifically the 'Miasma' portion).

paragraph: This successful collaboration led to further work in later releases. Rachael's complete history with the band is as follows:

paragraph: Pestapokalypse VI (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Outro sound collage on Das Pesthaus / Miasma Epilog

paragraph: Bondage Goat Zombie (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lyricist for Chronicles of Crime

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sukkubus" Screams/Samples on Sex Dictator Lucifer and Der Rutenmarsch

paragraph: Walpurgis Rites – Hexenwahn (2009)

paragraph: Nominated for the Austrian Amadeus Award 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lyricist on Enthralled Toxic Sabbat and Destroyer Hekate

paragraph: BULLET::::- Screams on Hexenwahn - Totenkult

paragraph: Blood Magick Necromance (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lyricist for In Blood - Devour This Sanctity, Blood Magick Necromance and Sado Messiah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Whispering on Blood Magick Necromance

paragraph: BULLET::::- Performance artist in the official video for Impaled Upon the Tongue of Satan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cover model for the album artwork

paragraph: BULLET::::- Acting Press Secretary for the release

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stage Sukkubus" - On-stage dance/performance with the band in front of 10,000 people.

paragraph: Conjuring the Dead (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lyricist for Gas Mask Terror and Conjuring The Dead

paragraph: Section::::Influences and collaborations.:"Absolution" with Instinct Primal.

paragraph: In March 2017 Rachael Kozak returned to her Hecate persona to release "Absolution", a limited edition orange cassette tape featuring two original ambient tracks ("Mourning Sickness" and Majesty Lykania") remixed by Instinct Primal. This special release was limited to 50 hand numbered copies. It was released on Nova Alternative label on 11 March 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Influences and collaborations.:Final Planet 666 with Der Blutharsch.

paragraph: Following on from the positive reception of ABSOLUTION, Rachael's next collaboration materialised as a limited edition flexi disc entitled Final Planet 666. Recorded in Vienna almost three years before the final release, the track is a joint recording between Hecate and Der Blutharsch and the Infinite Hand of the Leading Path.

paragraph: Hecate contributed beats and layered vocals while musician Albin Julius added synths. The vocal talents of Marthynna are were utilised. In the official Rachael Kozak blog, she states that "this four minute piece might be the ultimate soundtrack to a space vampire invasion upon a sweat drenched dancefloor".

paragraph: A total of 44 copies were produced and while Rachael received her share of 5, the remaining flexi discs sold out in just one day.

paragraph: The supporting music video for the track was uploaded to YouTube on January 16, 2018. The video was a further collaborative effort with members of Der Blutharsch. It was shot in Kuopio, Finland.

paragraph: Final Planet 666 was also featured in the documentary 'Iron Man of the North', which premiered at the Wipe Film Festival in Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::As a Multidisciplinary Artist.

paragraph: A graduate of both the Roeper School for Gifted and Talented Children and the New York School of Visual Arts, Rachael's passion for strong visual art has been ever-present throughout her life. From her early film school projects to her recent outings as an exhibited sculptor and multimedia artist, she seeks to explore the visual field as widely and as boldly as the world of audio. She describes her passion for art as "a release from the pressure" of her extensive yet often stressful music career. Upon her return to Vienna, Rachael sought to bring her artistic skills back to the forefront in 2012. Many of her collected works can now be found on her official website, rachaelkozak.com.

paragraph: May 2, 2014 marked the beginning of her first full art exhibition at the legendary Viennese SMart Café. With her keen focus on sexuality and fetishism, the works proved to be a big hit. Although initially intended for a six-month run, they were maintained by the establishment and can still be seen in some type of rotation to this day.

paragraph: In 2015 Rachael moved from Vienna to Kuopio, a move she describes as "both as shocking and surprising to myself". Here she began to heavily focus on producing fresh art pieces, far away from media glare and the pressure to perform. She commented on her impactful move in her blog post 'Life, love, and liberty up North', stating: "Knowing I could never, nor would ever be able to stop my creative energies from taking shape, I let the new space and opportunities for them here manifest themselves as they would."

paragraph: Part of this manifestation was to set up her new art venture, SinisArts, alongside fellow art enthusiasts. Initially working from the old Art Academy of Kuopio ('Mylly') she began to produce a series of illustrations alongside unique screen printed garments, including HECATE merchandise, which were later sold to eager fans both online and on tour. Having assisted in moving out the equipment five months later, new projects emerged from a studio space dedicated to ceramics. Her first major clay piece, an Art Deco style ceramic relief, was posted on August 31, 2016. In 2017 she began work on her first ever custom made chess board, consisting of mosaic elements (broken tile, glass and mirror) and individually crafted ceramic pieces. Although awaiting completion, the project generated a great deal of interest resulting in the offer of paid custom commissions. Thus far it is unknown if such custom commissions will take place.

paragraph: Her 2017 limited edition cassette tape 'ABSOLUTION' (released as HECATE) featured a prominent piece entitled 'Death and the Maiden', a three-piece canvas set which was also given away as an A4 poster with each order.

paragraph: Rachael found yet more success in early 2018 when she was invited to exhibit numerous pieces of her multimedia work at L.S.D Tattoo in Berlin. The collection, entitled 'HYSTERIE', ran for one week beginning March 17 and included various montages, sculptures and paintings. Building on this success, she is set to exhibit yet more of her newest works throughout 2018 including four brand new ceramic sculptures.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As Hecate.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pay For Protection (Kool.POP 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hate Cats (Praxis 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Negative World Status (Zhark London 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Supernal (Still Raven 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Magick of Female Ejaculation (Zhark International / Praxis 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Capricon Connectrix (YB-70 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ascension Chamber (Zhark International / Praxis 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- At The Seven Gates (Zhark International 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seven Veils of Silence (Hymen / Zhark International 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Technical Witch/Tech Bitch (Sub/Version 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wholesale Massacre of All Identifiable Replicas (Zhark International 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brew Hideous (Hymen / Sublight Records 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Summer of Smoke (Reverse Records 2007)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As Raquel de Grimstone.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Venom Bytes (Homewrecker Foundation 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liber Cordis Cincti Serpente (Mirex 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Depths of the Nile (Zhark International 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- FreeMansonicYouth (Zhark International 2003)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations & Projects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In The Bush with Kareem (Zhark Recordings 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Payback with Kareem (Zhark Recordings 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hecate Jacks Off The Jackal (Zhark London 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Thunderinas (Homewrecker Foundation 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crisis Theory with Christoph Fringeli (Praxis 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nymphomatriarch with Venetian Snares (Hymen Records 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- White Darkness with Jason Koehnen (Roadburn Records 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Treachery - Treachery EP (Czar Of Crickets 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ABSOLUTION with Instinct Primal (Nova Alternative 2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Final Planet 666 with Der Blutharsch (Wir Kapitullen Nicht / WKN52 2017)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Select Remixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hecate Remixes Le Tigre - All That Glitters (Mr. Lady 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hecate vs. Lustmord - Law of the Battle of Conquest (Hymen Records 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shapeshifters - The Remixes (Zhark International 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hecate Remixes Misfits - Devilwhore (Carbon 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hecate Remixes 'Bleeding Through' - Deathbed Remix (Halo 8 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brew Hideous - The Remixes by White Darkness, Amboss, Vile Enginez and Slutmachine (Ad Noiseam 2011)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Belphegor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pestapokalypse VI (Nuclear Blast 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bondage Goat Zombie (Nuclear Blast 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walpurgis Rites – Hexenwahn (Nuclear Blast 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blood Magick Necromance (Nuclear Blast 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conjuring The Dead (Nuclear Blast 2015)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of female electronic musicians

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of breakcore artists

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://www.residentadvisor.net/features/2049

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://www.xlr8r.com/features/breakcore-live-fast

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.zhark.org - Zhark International record label

paragraph: BULLET::::- MySpace Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist's autobiography and commentary on previous Wikipedia article deletion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rachael Kozak Official Website www.rachaelkozak.com

description: musician

wikidata_label: Hecate

wikipedia_title: Hecate (musician)


text:
Ancient Egyptian
Great Royal Wives
Pharaoh
Merenptah
Khaemwaset
Merneptah
Ramesses II
Isetnofret
Seti II
Merenptah
Amenhotep III
Merenptah
Gebel el Silsila
Merneptah
Merenptah
Mut

categories: Queens consort of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt,13th-century BC women

paragraph: Isetnofret II

paragraph: Isetnofret (or Isis-nofret or Isitnofret) (Ancient Egyptian: "the beautiful Isis") was one of the Great Royal Wives of Pharaoh Merenptah.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Queen Isetnofret II may have been the daughter of Prince Khaemwaset. If so she married her uncle Merneptah.

paragraph: Another possibility is that Isetnofret II is a daughter of King Ramesses II and possibly a daughter of Queen Isetnofret I.

paragraph: Her children include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Sety-Merenptah, who would later take the throne as Seti II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Merenptah, King's Son, Executive at the Head of the Two Lands, and Generalissimo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Khaemwaset, King's Son, Depicted in Karnak Temple.

paragraph: BULLET::::- possibly Princess Isetnofret?, King's daughter mentioned in the Leiden ship log.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: Queen Isetnofret II's titles include: Lady of The Two Lands (nbt-t3wy), Great King’s Wife (hmt-niswt-wrt), Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt (hnwt-Shm’w -mhw), King’s Wife (hmt-nisw).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Isetnofret II grew up during the reign of Ramesses II, her possible grandfather. If she was the daughter of Khaemwaset, she may have very well grown up in Memphis, or otherwise Piramesse.

paragraph: Isetnofret II is attested several times during the reign of her husband:

paragraph: BULLET::::- She is depicted on a statue usurped from Amenhotep III by Merenptah.

paragraph: BULLET::::- On a stela of the Vizier Panehesy at Gebel el Silsila. This stela is situated across the Chapel of Panehesy and depicts Merneptah, Queen Isetnofret and Sety-Merneptah with the vizier before Amun-Re and Ptah.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Another stela situated in the Gallery of the Speos of Horemheb at Gebel el Silsila depicts Merenptah followed by Queen Isetnofret and the vizier Panehesy as they offer an image of the goddess Ma'at to Amen-Re and Mut.

paragraph: BULLET::::- On a statuette dedicated by the Vizier Panehesy at Gebel el Silsila.

paragraph: It is not known when or where Isetnofret died or where she was buried. If Isetnofret was the daughter of Khaemwaset, then she may have been buried at Saqqara. The tomb of a royal lady named Isetnofret was recently discovered in Saqqara during excavations by Waseda University.

description: ancient Egyptian queen consort

wikidata_label: Isetnofret II

wikipedia_title: Isetnofret II


text: Villa Gamberaia

text: Settignano

text: Florence

text: Martino Bianchi

text: Pistoia

text: Belgium

text: Germany

text: Fritz Encke

text: Karl Foerster

text: Russel Page

text: Geoffrey Jellicoe

text: René Pechère

text: Gerda Gollwitzer

text: Domus (magazine)

text: Giò Ponti

text: Nello Baroni

text: Maurizio Tempestini

text: Cambridge

text: International Federation of Landscape Architects

text: Mondadori

text: Segrate

text: Oscar Niemeyer

text: Brion Vega

text: Venice

text: Nicotera

text: Place Beaubourg

text: Pompidou Centre

text: Paris

text: Parco Sempione

text: Viganò

text: Palermo

text: Sicily

text: Brennero

text: Abu Simbel

text: UNESCO

text: Villa Medici

text: Beirut

text: International Council on Monuments and Sites

text: University of Georgia

text: Academy of Fine Arts Munich

text: Geoffrey

text: Susan Jellicoe

text: Domus

text: Garten und Landschaft

text: Architecture d’Aujordhui

text: L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui

text: Italian Agrarian Encyclopaedia

text: Accademia dei Georgofili

text: Giardini d’Occidente e d’Oriente

text: Attilio Mordini

text: Fratelli Fabbri Editori

text: Tirana

text: Torino

text: Villa Bona

text: Torino

text: Villa Maggia

text: Reggio Emilia

text: Firenze

text: Villa I Collazzi

text: Firenze

text: Siena

text: Perugia

text: Roma

text: Capri

text: Torino

text: Milano

text: Genova

text: Firenze

text: Villa L'Imperialino

text: Firenze

text: Villa La Terrazza

text: Saronno

text: Varese

text: villa Fiorita

text: Anghiari

text: Arezzo

text: Pozzuoli

text: Napoli

text: Roveta

text: Firenze

text: Montecatini Terme

text: Pistoia

text: Berlino

text: Hansaviertel

text: San Donato

text: Milano

text: Como

text: Sansepolcro

text: Arezzo

text: Milano

text: Trivero

text: Biella

text: Villa Ca' Gianin

text: Trivero

text: Biella

text: San Domenico

text: Fiesole

text: Villa Rondinelli

text: Isola Polvese

text: Lago Trasimeno

text: Villa Il Roseto

text: Rapallo

text: Genova

text: Abu Simbel

text: UNESCO

text: Collodi

text: Parco di Pinocchio

text: Bascapé

text: Pavia

text: Memorial Enrico Mattei

text: Cap Ferrat

text: Edmonton

text: Toronto

text: Siena

text: villa L'Apparita

text: Autostrada del Brennero

text: Ca' Vescovo

text: Caselle d'Asolo

text: stabilimento Brion Vega

text: Selinunte

text: Cran sur Sierre

text: Villa il Roc

text: Beirut

text: Marina di Nicotera

text: Vibo Valentia

text: Venezia

text: Portofino

text: Palermo

text: villa La Palmierina

text: villa Torrigiani

text: Giulianova

text: Teramo

text: Santa Croce sull'Arno

text: Pisa

text: villa Il Castelluccio

text: Taranto

text: Italsider

text: Villa Il Martello

text: Segrate

text: Milano

text: Mondadori

text: Montecarlo

text: Principato di Monaco

text: Brindisi

text: Museo di Villa Giulia

text: Museo di arte moderna

text: Centre Pompidou

text: Otranto

text: Lecce

text: Asolo

text: Treviso

text: tomba Brion

text: Carlo Scarpa

text: Abha

text: Medina

text: Taif

text: Arabia Saudita

text: Almeria

text: Reggio Emilia

text: Max Mara

text: Teheran

text: Washington

text: Lugano

text: Rapallo

text: Sarche di Calavino

text: Trento

text: Milano

text: Gavi Ligure

text: Alessandria

text: Bassano del Grappa

text: Parma

text: Barilla

text: Cernobbio

text: Como

text: Villa d'Este

text: Matera

text: Zoagli

text: chiesa di Sant'Ambrogio

text: Villa Cypris

text: Costa Rica

text: Napoli

text: Sabaudia

text: Latina

text: Como

text: Piazza Cavour

text: Venezia

text: pietroporcinai.net

categories: People from Florence,1910 births,1986 deaths

paragraph: Pietro Porcinai

paragraph: Pietro Porcinai (Florence, Italy 1910–1986) is renowned as one of the most outstanding Italian landscape architects of the twentieth century.

paragraph: He designed a wide variety of projects on the most diverse scales: gardens and public parks, industrial districts, hotels and tourist villages, motorways and agricultural areas. The hundreds of projects implemented in Italy and abroad comprise the most extraordinary “landscaped” gardens, perfectly integrated within the surroundings and so natural as to appear untouched by human hand.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Porcinai’s education in landscape architecture began early since his father was in charge of the gardens at the Villa Gamberaia, an early seventeenth-century villa in the village of Settignano, overlooking Florence. As a youth, he studied horticulture at the prestigious Regia Scuola Agraria Media agricultural college. After graduation, he started working full-time as a landscape designer at the Martino Bianchi nursery in Pistoia, and later worked in Belgium and Germany. His travels abroad brought him into contact with contemporary European design. He met famous plant breeders and horticulturalists (Fritz Encke, Karl Foerster) and the most eminent European garden and landscape architects (Russel Page, Geoffrey Jellicoe, René Pechère and Gerda Gollwitzer). This experience gave the young Porcinai a chance to compare his own education in design and horticulture with a broader concept of the profession that was in sharp contrast with the Italian tradition of formal garden design.

paragraph: Section::::Professional activity.

paragraph: In the 1930s he launched his lifelong struggle for the recognition in Italy of garden and landscape design as a modern profession. In the world of Italian architecture and town planning non-architects were generally excluded from landscape design.

paragraph: In 1937 Porcinai began writing for the magazine Domus (magazine) directed by Giò Ponti, which rapidly become Europe’s most influential design publication. This gave him not only his own professional opening, but also the opportunity to educate both architects and the public at large in the importance of landscape design.

paragraph: In 1938 Porcinai settled a studio in Florence with the architects Nello Baroni and Maurizio Tempestini. This dynamic studio rapidly became a benchmark in the cultural life of the city, introducing Porcinai to the influential business dynasties who were to remain his loyal clients throughout his professional career.

paragraph: In 1948 in Cambridge he was one of the 17 founder members of the International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA). A staunch defender of the natural and landscape heritage, at length he championed the cause of a proper training in landscape and garden architecture in Italy, coming up against a wall of indifference in the schools and even the universities. In 1950, with a handful of other pioneers, he fathered the foundation of the Italian section of the IFLA in the form of the AIAP (Italian Association of Garden and Landscape Architects) of which Porcinai was for many years secretary and, from 1979 on, Honorary President.

paragraph: In Italy the post-war economic reconstruction produced a new moneyed class of industrial entrepreneurs: manufacturers of televisions and textiles, and executives in the burgeoning empires of petroleum and technology. The Italian practice of holding design competitions for public projects provided more visibility for his expanding practice. From designing private gardens for industrialists it was a logical step to projecting sites for factories and offices: notable examples include the Mondadori centre in Segrate, Milan (in collaboration with Oscar Niemeyer), and the Brion Vega plant in Caselle d’Asolo, Venice. A growing reputation for swimming pool design led to commissions from hotels, including the Hotel des Bains at the Venice Lido and resort complexes such as the holiday village in Nicotera Marina in southern Italy.

paragraph: In the 1970s public parks and urban design projects became an important part of Porcinai’s practice, with an increasing number of commissions from outside Italy. Major projects included plans for parks in four Saudi Arabian cities (in collaboration with Albini, Helg and Partners), the Place Beaubourg in front of the Pompidou Centre in Paris (as consultant to the architects Piano and Rogers), a design for the Parco Sempione in Milan (with the architect Viganò), and the Parco della Favorita in Palermo, Sicily. He was also engaged in large-scale projects such as the new Brennero motorway in northern Italy and the intricate relocation of the Egyptian temple of Abu Simbel for UNESCO.

paragraph: Porcinai was convinced of the need to apply the lessons of the garden to the ecology of the urban context. He attacked the arrogant imposition of architectural theory on the modern city. However, he did not confine his criticism to the architectural profession: he was prepared to indict modern society for the twin evils of materialism and collectivism. The solution must lie in a process of education – in his words “a task of evangelisation”.

paragraph: Frustrated by the architects’ domination of design education in the Italian universities, in the 1960s Porcinai resolved to establish an educational centre at Villa Rondinelli.

paragraph: The villa would become in the 20th century what the neighbouring Villa Medici was in the Quattrocento – a meeting place for artists and philosophers. The new studios were constructed in the villa garden for this purpose.

paragraph: Unfortunately, the dream faded in the 1970s. Although Porcinai had acquired clients among the new elite, he had also made enemies. A period of enforced exile, during which he opened an office in Beirut, undermined the financial basis of the educational centre.

paragraph: Committed to the profession, he took an active part in a number of international conferences; in 1971 he took part in the First International Symposium on the protection and restoration of historic gardens in Fontainebleau held by ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) where he promoted the ICOMOS-IFLA International Committee for Historic Gardens, which in 1982 drew up The Florence Charter on preservation of historic gardens, a set of rules governing the maintenance, conservation, restoration and reconstruction of historic gardens.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and distinctions.

paragraph: Porcinai won numerous prizes and awards, including the In-Arch prize in 1960 and the Award of Merit from the School of Environmental Design of the University of Georgia, and in 1979 the Friedrich Ludwig von Schkell Golden Ring by the Academy of Fine Arts Munich.

paragraph: His remarkable professional expertise ranked him among the elite of European landscape architects, a position consecrated in 1985 when he was the only living Italian to be assigned an extensive biography in The Oxford Companion to Gardens by Sir Geoffrey and Susan Jellicoe.

paragraph: Section::::Major written works.

paragraph: Along with his numerous designs and projects, Porcinai has also left a large number of articles which cast fascinating light upon his cultural vision, his strategy and his design concepts. He contributed to magazines and newspapers (both Italian and foreign) including Domus, Garten und Landschaft, Architecture d’Aujordhui, and other minor journals such as Il giardino fiorito, Flora, etc.

paragraph: In his published articles Porcinai called for training in landscape design, professional collaboration between planners, architects and landscape architects, sensitive road and motorway design and a sensitivity to regional characteristics in project development.

paragraph: For many years he was an outspoken critic of the modern city. In an article entitled Urbanité de l’urbanisme (L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui no. 118, February 1965), unanimously acclaimed by specialist critics, he attacked the arrogant imposition of architectural theory on the city. Other important writings include the essay Garden in the Italian Agrarian Encyclopaedia and Giardino e paesaggio 1942 - Accademia dei Georgofili.

paragraph: In May 1967 his book Giardini d’Occidente e d’Oriente, written with Attilio Mordini, was published by Fratelli Fabbri Editori.

paragraph: Section::::Works and important projects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935: Tirana, Giardino del Palazzo di re Zog

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938-41: Torino, Giardino privato di Villa Bona

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938-43: Torino, Giardino con piscina di Villa Maggia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938-47: Reggio Emilia, Giardino con piscina, aranciera, orto, tenuta "La Barisella"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939-40: Firenze, Piscina di Villa I Collazzi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947-65: Firenze - Siena – Perugia - Roma – Capri - Torino – Milano – Genova, Piscine e giardini privati

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948-54: Firenze, Giardino Villa L'Imperialino

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951-58: Firenze, Villa La Terrazza - Giardino con piscina e limonaia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952-59: Saronno (Varese), Giardino di villa Fiorita

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952-59: Anghiari (Arezzo), Giardino villa con piscina, tennis e maneggio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952-62: Pozzuoli (Napoli), Sistemazione paesaggistica sede Olivetti e quartiere Ina-Olivetti

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953-55: Roveta, Firenze, ristrutturazione ristorante e sistemazione parco con piscina e minigolf

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954-56: Montecatini Terme (Pistoia), Piscina e parco

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956-57: Berlino, parco allo Hansaviertel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957-63: San Donato, Milano, Sistemazione esterna e giardini pensili uffici-SNAM

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957-63: Como, Giardino con piscina Villa sul Lago di Como

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957-64: Sansepolcro (Arezzo), Giardino con piscina, campo da tennis, sala giochi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958-61: Milano, Ristorante Alfio: sistemazione e ampliamento giardino d'inverno

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959-69: Trivero (Biella), Giardino di Villa Ca' Gianin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960-63: Trivero (Biella), Parcheggio fabbrica e giardino, terrazza e giardino d'inverno

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960-86: San Domenico - Fiesole (Firenze), Restauro del giardino, ristrutturazione di Villa Rondinelli e realizzazione serre - studio.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960: Isola Polvese, Lago Trasimeno, (Perugia), Giardino con piscina, campo da tennis ed imbarcadero

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961-65: Firenze, Giardino Villa Il Roseto

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: Rapallo (Genova), Hotel Bristol: aree verdi, parcheggio, piscina

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962-64: Trivero Vercelli, Strada panoramica e sistemazione esterna stabilimento Zegna

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963-71: Abu Simbel, Progetto UNESCO di trasferimento dei templi - Consulenza.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963-76: Collodi, Parco di Pinocchio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963: Bascapé - Pavia, Memorial Enrico Mattei

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965-67: Cap Ferrat, Giardino e piscina di due ville unifamiliari

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmonton, Illuminazione del centro civico, Giardino e piscina per una villa privata

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toronto, Giardini pubblici

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965-70: Siena, Giardino di villa L'Apparita

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965-73: Autostrada del Brennero: tronco Verona - Brennero per conto della Società Autostrade.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966-71: Ca' Vescovo di Caselle d'Asolo (Treviso), Sistemazione paesaggistica dello stabilimento Brion Vega

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966-80: Firenze - Perugia -Varese - Siena - Pisa - Piemonte - Veneto – Genova, Giardini e parchi privati; aree agricole private

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selinunte, Agrigento, Parco Archeologico:tracciato delle strade, studio della gestione e aree verdi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: Cran sur Sierre, Giardino privato

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967-75: Trivero Vercelli, "Cimitero della montagna" e giardino Villa il Roc

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: Beirut, Giardino privato

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968-72: Marina di Nicotera (Vibo Valentia), Villaggio turistico

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968: Venezia, Giardino e piscina dell'Hotel des Bains

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969-84: Portofino, Giardino con piscina

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969-79: Palermo, Studio di fattibilità e progetto di massima del parco La Favorita e del Monte Pellegrino

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970-72: Firenze, Giardino di villa La Palmierina

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970-75: Firenze, San Martino alla Palma, Sistemazione del parco di villa Torrigiani con piscina e maneggio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970-78: Perugia, Giardino con piscina, campo da tennis e palestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971-72: Giulianova, Teramo, Albergo, aree verdi e piscina per la Società Onda

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971-80: Santa Croce sull'Arno (Pisa), Giardino villa Il Castelluccio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972-73: Taranto, Intervento paesaggistico nuovo stabilimento Italsider

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972-74: Firenze, Giardino con piscina di Villa Il Martello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972-75: Cap Ferrat, Giardino privato

paragraph: BULLET::::- Segrate (Milano), Parco sede centrale Mondadori

paragraph: BULLET::::- Montecarlo, Principato di Monaco, Sistemazione terrazze e complesso Immobiliare “Spelugues”

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brindisi, Villaggio turistico e camping per la società Torre Guaceto

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973-78: Roma, Museo di Villa Giulia: aree verdi e giardino pensile per il Museo di arte moderna

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: Parigi, Consulenza per la sistemazione della piazza e delle terrazze Centre Pompidou per arch.R.Piano e R.Rogers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atene, Giardini pensili di case private

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otranto, Lecce, Sistemazione paesaggistica villaggio turistico Laghi Alimini per la Società Costa d'Otranto

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974-76:Asolo, Treviso, Consulenza per le piantagioni tomba Brion (progetto arch. Carlo Scarpa)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abha, Medina, Taif - Arabia Saudita, Parchi ricreativi - Progetto

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977-78: Atene, Giardino e parchi privati

paragraph: BULLET::::- Almeria, Giardino con piscina privata

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977-79: Reggio Emilia, Aree verdi del nuovo stabilimento Max Mara

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977-83: Roma, Hotel Sheraton- piscina, aree verdi e fontane

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: Teheran, Parco privato con piscina per conto della società Bonifica (Roma)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington, Concorso internazionale per le aree verdi dell'Ambasciata di Francia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978-83: Lugano, Parco privato

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979: Rapallo, Genova, Nuova sistemazione degli spazi verdi - Hotel Bristol

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarche di Calavino, Trento, Progetto di recupero ambientale di una cava per Italcementi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Milano, Giardino d'inverno del Ristorante Savini

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981-82: Gavi Ligure, Alessandria, Progetto di un centro sportivo per un parco pubblico Fondazione Broglia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bassano del Grappa, Aree verdi stabilimento Nardini

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981-86: Toscana – Liguria – Umbria, Giardini e parchi privati

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982-83: Parma, Aree verdi stabilimento Barilla

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fiesole, Firenze, Progetto del giardino e piscina "Hotel Villa San Michele"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982-86: Reggio Emilia, Aree verdi e cortili nuovo stabilimento Marina Rinaldi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cernobbio, Como, Villa d'Este: progetto per la nuova sistemazione dei Parcheggi sotterranei con giardino pensile sovrastante e del piazzale d'ingresso

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reggio Emilia, Concorso per il progetto di sistemazione urbanistica dell'area caserma Zucchi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983-84: Venezia, Piscina e campi da tennis hotel Cipriani

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matera, Recupero ambientale di una cava per Italcementi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zoagli, Genova, Sistemazione della piazza della chiesa di Sant'Ambrogio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984–85: Cap Martin, Parco con piscina, Villa Cypris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Costa Rica, Giardino privato con tennis e piscina

paragraph: BULLET::::- Napoli, Aree verdi del Nuovo Centro Direzionale per conto della Mededil

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sabaudia, Latina, Progetto di villaggio turistico per la Società Cogeca

paragraph: BULLET::::- Como, Proposte per la nuova sistemazione di Piazza Cavour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Venezia, 1970 - Giardino d'inverno Ristorante Papadopoli Hotel Sofitel Venezia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- pietroporcinai.net

description: Italian landscape architect

wikidata_label: Pietro Porcinai

wikipedia_title: Pietro Porcinai


text: FRSE

text: Manchester

text: geologist

text: Dublin

text: Royal Society of Edinburgh

text: Royal Medical

text: Wernerian

text: Philosophical Society of Manchester

text: physical

text: physiological

text: ghost

text: Altrincham

text: Cheshire

text: Ardwick cemetery

text: Manchester

text: Reprinted 1891

text: Hibbert-Ware Papers

text: John Rylands Library

text: University of Manchester

categories: 1782 births,1848 deaths,English antiquarians,English sceptics,Parapsychologists,English geologists

paragraph: Samuel Hibbert-Ware

paragraph: Samuel Hibbert-Ware FRSE FSA (21 April 1782 – 30 December 1848), born Samuel Hibbert in St Ann's Square Manchester, was an English geologist and antiquarian.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Samuel Hibbert (d.1815), a linen yarn merchant, and his wife Sarah Ware, from Dublin.

paragraph: Hibbert was granted an MD and became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He served as the secretary of the Society of Scottish Antiquarians, a member of the Royal Medical and Wernerian Societies of Edinburgh, as well as a member of the Philosophical Society of Manchester.

paragraph: His book "Sketches of the Philosophy of Apparitions" (1825) is an early skeptical work that gave possible physical and physiological explanations for sightings of ghosts.

paragraph: He died at Hale Barns, Altrincham in Cheshire on 30 December 1848. He is buried in Ardwick cemetery in Manchester.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Description of the Shetland Islands: Comprising An Account of Their scenery, antiquities and Superstitions" (1822) Reprinted 1891.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Illustration of the Customs of a Manor in the North of England During the Fifteenth Century" (1822)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sketches of the Philosophy of Apparitions; Or, An Attempt to Trace Such Illusions to Their Physical Causes" (1825)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "History of the Extinct Volcanos of the Basin of Neuwied, on the Lower Rhine" (1832)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the Fresh-Water Limestone of Burdiehouse in the Neighbourhood of Edinburgh" (1835)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lancashire Memorials of the Rebellion, MDCCXV" (1845)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Hibbert-Ware Papers, John Rylands Library, University of Manchester

alias:
Samuel Hibbert
Ware, Samuel Hibbert-

description: British geologist and antiquarian

wikidata_label: Samuel Hibbert-Ware

wikipedia_title: Samuel Hibbert-Ware


text:
doge
Republic of Genoa
Famagusta
France
Charles VI
Corsica
Boucicault
Barnaba Guano
Sarzana
Visconti
Battista I di Campofregoso
Savona
Giano I di Campofregoso

paragraph: Tomaso di Campofregoso

paragraph: Tomaso di Campofregoso (1375–1453) was doge of the Republic of Genoa three times.

paragraph: The son of Pietro Campofregoso, who had been doge for a single day on 13 July 1393, in the early 15th century he was named captain of the Republic of Genoa at Famagusta (Cyprus) and entered the political life of the city. In the same period, together with his brother Rolando (or Orlando), he tried a coup against the allegiance of Genoa towards France and its king Charles VI. He besieged the government palace with 200 soldiers, but he failed and was jailed for a while.

paragraph: In 1403 he was appointed as governor of Corsica by the French governor Boucicault; after his return from the island, he became a member of the Council of the Elders of the Republic of Genoa.

paragraph: On 4 July 1415 he was elected as 24th doge of the city, succeeding Barnaba Guano. He held that position until 23 November 1421 when, after obtaining the lordship of Sarzana, he had to renounce it. After a period in which Genoa was under the Visconti of Milan, Tomaso returned as doge from 3 April 1436 to 24 March 1437, when he resigned (or was deposed) in favour of his brother Battista I di Campofregoso. However, the latter resigned after just a day, and Tomas became doge for the third time, remaining in charge until 18 December 1442. He was also lord of Savona from 1438 to 1440, and again from 1447, when he was released from imprisonment thanks to the intercession of his nephew and doge Giano I di Campofregoso, until February 1453, when he died.

paragraph: br

description: Doge of the Republic of Genoa

wikidata_label: Tomaso di Campofregoso

wikipedia_title: Tomaso di Campofregoso