text:
biathlete
2014 Winter Olympics
Sochi
individual competition

categories: Biathlon World Championships medalists,Russian female biathletes,Sportspeople from Moscow,1992 births,Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Olympic biathletes of Russia,Living people

paragraph: Olga Podchufarova

paragraph: Olga Vladimirovna Podchufarova (; born 5 August 1992) is a retired Russian biathlete. She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, where she placed 49th in the individual competition.

paragraph: Section::::Results.

paragraph: Section::::Results.:Biathlon World Cup.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Overall record

paragraph: "Statistics as of 22 February 2016."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Season Standings

description: Russian biathlete

wikidata_label: OӀga Podchufarova

wikipedia_title: Olga Podchufarova


text:
Paris
Casanova
Juliette
Marquis de Sade
Faubourg Saint-Germain
Casanova
prostitution
Marguerite Gourdan
Bicêtre Hospital
syphilis
Prince of Conti

categories: 18th-century French businesspeople,French courtesans,1774 deaths,French brothel owners and madams,1705 births

paragraph: Justine Paris

paragraph: Justine Paris, real name Bienfait (1705September 1773) was a French courtesan and madam. She hosted several of the most famous brothels in mid 18th-century Paris and was one of the most known and successful of her trade. She and her brothel are portrayed in the memoirs of Casanova. She has been suggested to be the role model for the title character in "Juliette" by the Marquis de Sade.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Reportedly, she was a successful and internationally known courtesan before she opened the first of several brothels. For twenty years from about 1730, she operated a well-known brothel at Rue de Bagneux, Faubourg Saint-Germain, described as the perhaps most exclusive in contemporary Paris. In 1750, following a riot, she opened a brothel at Hotel du Roule which acquired fame and which was later taken over by Madame Carlier.

paragraph: Her brothel at Hotel du Roule was described by Casanova. It was located outside the city of Paris, near Chaillot, which meant that the clients could not go there by foot, which ensured that they mostly came from the upper class. While most brothels in mid 18th-century Paris had no more than three prostitutes working in their brothels at any one time, Justine Paris had 14 and she also employed a master of writing, dance and music to educate them. According to Casanova, she charged by the hour. As was other madams engaged in elite prostitution for clients from the nobility, the activity of Justine Paris was tolerated by the police as long as she functioned as a police agent and kept the police informed about the activity, business and life of their important clients and personnel.

paragraph: The rental of rooms to couples, in which none of the parties were prostitutes, but where their relationship was not accepted, such as in the case of a married woman and her lover, also took place, a service which was to be well known to occur in the famous brothel she was later to found in companionship with Gourdan. She changed staff about every six months, and according to Casanova, she always had prostitutes of a large variety of hair color, length and other different attributes to be able to meet with different forms of preferences from clients. She financed kept mistresses, so called "dame entretenue" or courtesans, in between patrons; clients could buy a member of her staff free by paying her debts and have her kept as his professional mistress, where the mistress could continue as a professional kept mistress to other wealthy men.

paragraph: In February 1752, Justine Paris was tried and incarcerated accused of having seduced a twelve-year-old from a noble family in a case that attracted attention. In 1773, she met her colleague Marguerite Gourdan at Bicêtre Hospital while undergoing a treatment for syphilis. Together, they founded what was to be the perhaps most famous of all brothels in 18th-century France, on the corner of rue des Deux Portes (now rue Dussoubs) and rue Saint-Sauveur. However, she died of syphilis in September of that year. Gourdan gave a funeral oration in her honour on 14 November 1773 at a gathering of Paris's elite prostitutes and madams organised by the Prince of Conti at his residence.

description: French coourtesan

wikidata_label: Justine Paris

wikipedia_title: Justine Paris


text: Modern Turkish

text: Prizren

text: Kosovo Vilayet

text: Berjasiya

text: Ottoman Army

text: Circassian

text: Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa

text: Ottoman Military Academy

text: Ottoman Military College

text: Captain

text: Bitola

text: Third Army

text: Thessaloniki

text: Committee of Union and Progress

text: Plovdiv

text: Young Turk Revolution

text: Atıf Kamçıl

text: Shemsi Pasha

text: Kuşçubaşzade Eşref (Sencer)

text: Mehmed Nuri (Conker)

text: Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)

text: Kolağası

text: Baghdad

text: Kingdom of Italy

text: vilayet of Tripoli

text: Libya

text: Benghazi

text: Balkan Wars

text: provisional government

text: Western Thrace

text: Ottoman Special Organisation

text: Battle of Shaiba

text: Askerî Bey, Süleymân

categories: Ottoman Military Academy alumni,People from Prizren,1884 births,Committee of Union and Progress politicians,Ottoman military personnel who committed suicide,Ottoman military personnel of World War I,Ottoman military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War,Ottoman Army officers,1915 deaths,Members of the Special Organization of the Ottoman Empire,Ottoman Military College alumni,People from Kosovo Vilayet,Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars

paragraph: Süleyman Askerî

paragraph: Süleyman Askerî Bey, also known as Suleyman Askeri, Sulayman Askari, Sulaiman al-Askari (Modern Turkish: "Süleyman el-Askerî") and unofficially known as Suleyman Askeri Pasha (1884 in Prizren, Kosovo Vilayet – 14 April 1915 in Berjasiya) was a military officer who served in the Ottoman Army. Askerî was of Circassian descent and co founder of the Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (Special Organisation), a group involved in guerilla warfare.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Süleyman Askerî was born to General Vehbi Pasha, who served as military staff at Edirne in 1898 and then in Anatolia, in 1884 in Prizren. He graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy in 1902 and graduated from the Ottoman Military College on 5 November 1905 as Distinguished Captain ("Mümtaz Yüzbaşı" ).

paragraph: He was assigned to Monastir (present-day Bitola) under the command of the Third Army stationed at Salonica (present-day Thessaloniki). During the days he stayed in Monastir, he joined the Committee of Union and Progress and he married Fadime Hanım, who was an aristocrat of Filibe (present-day Plovdiv). They had two daughters, Fatma and Dilek. During the Young Turk Revolution (1908), First Lieutenant Atıf Kamçıl stated that he asked the CUP Monastir branch for a gun and had talks with Süleyman Askerî, the branch's guide about the assassination of Shemsi Pasha. Askerî was closest friend of Kuşçubaşzade Eşref (Sencer). According to Philip Hendrick Stoddard, he was a brother-in-law of Mehmed Nuri (Conker), who was the oldest friend of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk).

paragraph: In 1909, he was promoted to the rank of "Kolağası" and appointed to the gendarmerie regiment in Baghdad. In 1911, after the Kingdom of Italy invaded the vilayet of Tripoli (present-day Libya), he went there and participated in operations in Benghazi. In 1912, he took part in the Balkan Wars as the chief of staff of Trabzon Redif Division and then became the Chief of the General Staff of the provisional government (31 August 1913 – 25 October 1913) established in Western Thrace. On 13 November 1913, he was appointed to the chief of the Ottoman Special Organisation when it was officially formed.

paragraph: He committed suicide in 1915 after a series of devastating Ottoman military defeats.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Battle of Shaiba

paragraph: Section::::External Links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fortna, Benjamin C.: Askerî Bey, Süleymân, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.

description: Ottoman Army officer

wikidata_label: Süleyman Askerî

wikipedia_title: Süleyman Askerî


text:
Roman School
Orazio Benevoli
Baroque
Classical
Basilica of St. John Lateran
Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni
Lisbon
1755 Lisbon earthquake
Lisbon Cathedral
motet
mass settings
gradual
antiphon
offertory
responsories
Madrigal
MPMP / UA 1
Choeur de Chambre de Namur
Cappella Mediterranea
Leonardo García-Alarcón
Ricercar RIC 313
Studio de musique ancienne de Montréal
Christopher Jackson
CD booklet notes for "Roma Triumphans"
Giovanni Giorgi
Werner Icking Music Archive (WIMA)

categories: Italian male classical composers,Italian Baroque composers,Year of birth unknown,Italian classical composers,1762 deaths,Portuguese classical composers

paragraph: Giovanni Giorgi (composer)

paragraph: Giovanni Giorgi (late 17th or early 18th century – June 1762) (Latin: "Joannis de Georgiis") was a priest and an Italian composer. His style of polychoral church compositions are influenced by earlier Roman School composers such as Orazio Benevoli, but also incorporate later Roman Baroque features and (after about 1758) some elements of early Classical style.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Giorgi is reputed to have originated from Venice, but few details of his life are known. In 1719 he was appointed "maestro di cappella" at the papal Basilica of St. John Lateran, Rome, in succession to Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni. Many of Giorgi's early compositions were written during his time in Rome.

paragraph: By January 1725 he was in Lisbon where he took up the post of court "mestre de capela". He died in Lisbon in 1762.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Many Portuguese records were lost in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, but in Giorgi's case around 600 compositions have been preserved both in the Lateran archives in Rome and at Lisbon Cathedral. Most are vocal works and many are for liturgical use. Someparticularly the later worksincorporate concerted instrumental parts.

paragraph: His extant works include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 162 motets, some for 2 to 4 voices; also some for 8 or 16 voices

paragraph: BULLET::::- 33 mass settings for 2, 4, 8 and 16 voices; some with instrumental parts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 145 gradual settings for 2, 4 and 8 voices; some with instruments

paragraph: BULLET::::- 137 antiphons for 2 to 4 voices; some with instrumental parts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 162 psalms for 4, 5 and 8 voices; some with organ parts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 152 offertory settings for 8 voices; one with instruments

paragraph: BULLET::::- 49 hymns for 4 voices

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20 responsories for 4 or 8 voices

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lamentations for 8 voices

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5 cantatas for solo soprano and organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madrigals for 5 voices

paragraph: Section::::Recordings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Giovanni Giorgi: Motetos de Natal e Páscoa," Coro de Câmara da Universidade de Aveiro directed by António Vassalo Lourenço. Published 2015 as MPMP / UA 1

paragraph: Includes Motets n.º 24-27 and 48-52

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Giovanni Giorgi: Ave Maria", Choeur de Chambre de Namur, and Cappella Mediterranea directed by Leonardo García-Alarcón. Published June 2011 as Ricercar RIC 313.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roma Triumphans", Studio de musique ancienne de Montréal directed by Christopher Jackson. Published 2008 as Atma SACD 22507.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Siegfried Gmeinwieser, "Giorgi, Giovanni" "New Grove Music Dictionary of Music and Musicians".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francois Filiatrault, CD booklet notes for "Roma Triumphans", 2007. Translated by Sean McCutcheon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jolando Scarpa, Giovanni Giorgi, biography and critical notes (in Italian) at Werner Icking Music Archive (WIMA).

description: Italian/Portuguese composer

wikidata_label: Giovanni Giorgi

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Giorgi (composer)


text:
Edgware, London, England
Maggie Teyte
James William Tate
King's College, Cambridge
Boris Ford
George Rylands
Royal Shakespeare Company
Peter Hall
Stratford Upon Avon
Roy Dotrice
Janet Suzman
Tom Conti
Michael Billington
Arnold Wesker
John Donne
Paul McGann
Timothy West
Laurence Olivier
Pope John Paul II
Peggy Ashcroft
Paul Scofield
Maggie Teyte
Pope John Paul II
Pope Benedict XVI
Tony
Cherie Blair
Seán O'Casey
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
Harold Pinter
Lord Jeremy Hutchinson
Gerald Kaufman
Michael Foot
Paul Scofield
Michael Holroyd
Garry O'Connor official website
Garry O’Connor Smashwords profile page

categories: 20th-century English novelists,English male novelists,21st-century British male writers,20th-century British male writers,People from Edgware,21st-century English novelists,Living people

paragraph: Garry O'Connor (writer)

paragraph: Garry O'Connor is a playwright, biographer and novelist.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Born Edgware, London, England, Garry O'Connor is a biographer and novelist, noted for his publications on theatrical and literary figures.

paragraph: Son of Cavan O'Connor, Irish tenor, BBC broadcasting star and Variety Artist, and Rita, also a singer, maiden name Odoli-Tate, O'Connor is the grand-nephew of Dame Maggie Teyte DBE, "Croix de Lorraine", "Chevalier", "Legion d'Honneur", the international opera soprano and interpreter of French song, and of James William Tate, songwriter, accompanist, and composer.

paragraph: Educated at St Albans School and King's College, Cambridge, where he was an Exhibitioner and State Scholar, and won the James Essay Prize, O'Connor was President of University Actors. He was taught at Cambridge by Professors Boris Ford and John Broadbent, with George Rylands as his Director of Studies, where O'Connor concentrated mainly on directing and writing plays. He is an MA of King's College.

paragraph: After Cambridge, winning a French Government scholarship to Paris for drama, he studied mime at the École Jacques Le Coq in Paris before joining the Royal Shakespeare Company as Michel Saint-Denis' assistant. This was during the Peter Hall seasons at Stratford Upon Avon. Thereafter he directed plays in London and elsewhere until his decision to become a full-time writer.

paragraph: On 25 June 1970 he married Victoria Meredith-Owens, a farmer and yoga teacher. They have six children, Tobias Cavan, Joseph Owen, Emilie Margaret, Frederick Garry, Peter Alexander, and Juliet Elizabeth, and two grandchildren. His home is in King's Sutton, in Northamptonshire.

paragraph: Section::::Theatre and media career.

paragraph: O'Connor directed his own version of Jonson's "Catiline" in the Stratford Studio, with Roy Dotrice, Janet Suzman, and Jean Tardieu's "The Keyhole" at the Aldwych Theatre. He directed the London premiere of Alun Owen's "A Little Winter Love" at Stratford East ('directed by Garry O'Connor with almost the psychic speed of communication that there can be about jazz': Penelope Gilliatt, "Observer"), devised and directed "A John Whiting Evening", premieres at the Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh, and productions at RADA, the London Drama Centre, and Webber-Douglas School. He also read plays for the RSC and translated plays from French for the RSC, and later for the National Theatre in Olivier’s regime.

paragraph: O'Connor was the first Resident Dramatist and Appeals Director of the Hampstead Theatre Club. He has had eight of his own plays produced, among them "I Learnt in Ipswich How to Poison Flowers" (1969), at the Arts Theatre Ipswich, directed by Nick Barter, "The Musicians" (Mercury Theatre, London, 1970), in which Tom Conti made his first appearance on a London Stage, "Semmelweis" at the Edinburgh Festival (1976), which according to Harold Hobson writing in the "Sunday Times" 'has saved the dramatic reputation of this year's Festival', while Michael Billington wrote in "The Guardian" that it 'unnervingly and absorbingly demonstrates that pride is often the counterbalance to ineradicable prejudice'.

paragraph: His "Dialogue Between Friends" at the Open Space was based on his involvement with Arnold Wesker's controversial "The Friends", staged at the Roundhouse in 1970. His book "Darlings of the Gods" was adapted as a three-part mini-series for Thames Television and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in 1991, and was filmed in Australia. More recently "Campion's Ghost", adapted from his novel about John Donne, was performed on Radio 4 (1997), with Paul McGann and Timothy West in the leading roles. He has also written and presented features for Radio 3, and acted as consultant on BBC 1 documentaries on Laurence Olivier and Pope John Paul II, appearing in the latter.

paragraph: Section::::Early writing career.

paragraph: In the early 1960s O'Connor wrote a short "Daily Mail" Charles Greville column, and then became television critic for "Queen Magazine" 1965-66, succeeding Sir Angus Wilson. He contributed to the "Financial Times" as its Paris arts correspondent when he lived in Paris, and as a full-time London daily critic (1966–73), regularly writing also for "Plays and Players", "Theatre Quarterly", the "TLS" and other periodicals. He has reviewed books and written features, conducted interviews for the "Times, Sunday Times", "Mail on Sunday" and other newspapers.

paragraph: O'Connor's first book, "French Theatre Today", came out in 1976, followed by many others. Among the subjects of his biographies are Ralph Richardson, ('a masterpiece', Simon Callow, "Financial Times"; 'Stunning...the best biography of an actor I have ever read', "New York Times"), two of Alec Guinness (the second, "Alec Guinness the Unknown", considered by the "Literary Review" to be 'a truly brilliant detective story...one of the truly great actor biographies of our time'), and by the "Guardian" as going 'far beyond the reach of most such books, and is his best book so far', Peggy Ashcroft, Paul Scofield, Maggie Teyte, Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI, Tony and Cherie Blair("The Darlings of Downing Street"), Seán O'Casey and William Shakespeare. Virtually all his books have been serialised, while he has been translated among other languages into Polish and Swedish.

paragraph: Section::::Awards, honours.

paragraph: French Government Scholarship for Drama; Oxford Experimental Theatre Club, Oxford, 1st Prize in 1974 for "I Forget How Nelson Died"; Arts Council bursaries for plays "I Learnt In Ipswich How to Poison Flowers" and "Epitaph For a Militant"; Arts Council Literature Award, 1979; often cited in Books of the Year by "The Times", "Sunday Times", "Observer".

paragraph: O'Connor's favourite biography is that of William Shakespeare, in which he endeavours 'to give Shakespeare a life, not only as a historical figure...but the dimension of one who is still living'. For this he brought in the opinions of those who have worked closely with the plays. Widely reviewed as a 'vivid recreation' and 'an imaginative exercise in "faction" (Frank Kermode, "Sunday Telegraph"), 'a gem' ("Publisher's Weekly"), and John Mortimer in the "Sunday Times" described it thus: 'Garry O'Connor's Shakespeare is a contemporary figure... The ideas jostle each other off the page in this entertaining book.' It became his most controversial book, causing a furore: 'Garry O'Connor is a literary luminary who has written excellent books on Sean O'Casey, Laurence Olivier and French theatre...his biography of William Shakespeare was received with all the fire and brimstone that naturally falls upon someone who tries to do something rich and strange with our most prized of cultural assets' ("Time Out").

paragraph: Section::::List of writings and critical comment.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Vagabond Lover: A Father-Son Memoir". CentreHouse Press, 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Butcher of Poland: Hitler’s Lawyer Hans Frank". History Press, 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Subdued Fires: An Intimate Portrait of Pope Benedict XVI". History Press, 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The 1st Household Cavalry 1943-44: In the Shadow of Monte Amaro". History Press, 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With the author, Derek Jacobi’s "As Luck Would Have It". HarperCollins, 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pursuit of Perfection: A Life of Maggie Teyte". Arts Council Literary Award; Victor Gollancz and Atheneum New York, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ralph Richardson: An Actor's Life". Many editions. Hodder & Stoughton, 1980; Coronet, 1982; Applause, 2000. Methuen, 2001; extracted, serialised in "New York Times, The Australian".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Darlings of the Gods: One Year in the Lives of Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh". Hodder, 1984, serialised in the "Observer" and filmed three-part mini-series in Australia by ABC and Thames Television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Olivier: In Celebration" (editor). Hodder, 1987. "Sunday Times" best seller list.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sean O'Casey: A Life". Hodder and US Atheneum, 1988; Paladin, 1990. 'Written with tenderness and great technical skill,' Richard Holmes, "Times". 'Scrupulous in its factuality and full in its documentation... It is well and honestly done and it is highly recommended,' Anthony Burges, "The Independent".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "William Shakespeare: A Life". Hodder, 1991; and Sceptre, 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alec Guinness: Master of Disguise". Hodder, 1993; and Sceptre, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Secret Woman: A Life of Peggy Ashcroft". Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997; three-part "Sunday Times" serial. This provoked a storm of anger and controversy within the British press, with attacks on O'Connor from Harold Pinter, Lord Jeremy Hutchinson, and Labour politician Gerald Kaufman. The book was equally defended by Michael Foot and Lord Tweedsmuir.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "William Shakespeare: A Popular Life". New expanded edition, 2001. Extract in "New York Times", 26 December 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paul Scofield: The Biography". Macmillan, 2002; and Applause, New York, 2003. Paul Scofield CH, who died Easter 2008, and who collaborated with O'Connor on this, wrote of the book when he read it in typescript that he was 'overwhelmed...and not only of your extraordinary understanding of the actor, i.e. all actors, and the penetration of this particular actor's sources of action as well as acting - but also because of the depth of your insights'. O'Connor was able 'to take the portrait of one performer, into a larger arena, and achieved a spaciousness of vision and perception'.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alec Guinness, the Unknown: A Life". Macmillan, 2003; Pan, 2004; Applause, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Universal Father: A Life of Pope John Paul II", Bloomsbury UK and US, 2005; paperback, 2006; "Irish Independent", Great Biographies series, 2007. Bloomsbury ebook, 2010. AN Wilson wrote in the "Mail on Sunday", 'O'Connor, whose previous books include superb biographies of Laurence Olivier, Alec Guinness, Ralph Richardson and Paul Scofield, is very much at home in this warm portrait of the greatest actor manager of them all.' Damion Thompson in the "Telegraph" said the biography was the 'only life of the late Pope that is an artistic achievement in its own right. None of O'Connor's predecessors has matched his exposition of the literary, philosophical and dramatic sources of John Paul's pontificate, or his nimble untangling of the strands of theological argument'. 'An ambitious and textured biography...a powerful portrait of the artist who became Pope': "Washington Post".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Darlings of Downing Street: the psycho-sexual drama of power". Politicos, 2007; serialised in "Mail on Sunday", "Catholic Herald". 'Eloquent, a climactic tirade...a credible mountain of condemnation... His central theme is presented with coruscating force,' "Glasgow Herald". 'A highly charged assessment of a pair of ham actors who saw 'politics as a performance art. Highly recommended': Roger Lewis, "Sunday Express". Geoffrey Goodman said it 'provided a flavour of Blairism in power which is unlikely to be bettered'.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holy Crosses & Nazi Flags: Benedict and the Roman Catholic Church". Smashwords and Amazon ebook, 2010. 'Garry O'Connor's most challenging, dramatic and controversial biography – a case for the prosecution that accuses the Pope of damaging the hierarchy of Catholicism and calls for him to "step down".' Sir Michael Holroyd.

paragraph: Section::::Fiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Book That Kills". Aesop Modern Oxford, 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Darlings of the Gods". Coronet, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Campion's Ghost: The Sacred and Profane Memories of John Donne, Poet". Hodder and Sceptre, 1995 and 1996. 'That O'Connor manages to re-create figures such as John Donne and Elizabeth I in many complex and unexpected ways is a tribute to his skill. Donne becomes almost the symbol of his age. Not only is he at the heart of the Renaissance, but he also embodies in his private anguish the bloody battle between Catholicism and Protestantism.' "Sunday Times". 'A historical novel which carries the pungent whiff of authenticity...learned and compelling.' "Time Out".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chaucer's Triumph". Petrak Press, February 2007. 'O'Connor takes on Chaucer at his own game - with a cast of tellers, this time on a journey from Leicester to London, teasing out a tale of eroticism and intrigue.' Penelope Middleboe, "Booktribes". 'O'Connor's greatest achievement is his warm, wise, and humorous portrayal of the poet Chaucer.' Catherine Perkins, "Historical Society Review". 'Absolutely splendid...vivid, dramatic, mysterious and totally involving.' Sir Derek Jacobi.

paragraph: Section::::Plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naked Woman: Semmelweis, De Raptu Meo", CentreHouse Press, 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Raptu Meo, Geoffrey Chaucer on Trial for Rape", Inner Temple Hall, 2014, reviewed by Libby Purves.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Plays by Garry O'Connor: Debussy Was My Grandfather, The Madness of Vivien Leigh", CentreHouse Press, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garry O'Connor official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garry O’Connor Smashwords profile page

description: novelist

wikidata_label: Garry O'Connor

wikipedia_title: Garry O'Connor (writer)


text: Greek

text: didactic

text: poet

text: Eudoxus of Cnidus

text: constellation

text: Greek astronomy

text: Latin

text: Suda

text: Soli

text: Cilicia

text: Tarsus

text: Menecrates

text: Ephesus

text: Philitas

text: Cos

text: Praxiphanes

text: Athens

text: Stoic

text: Zeno

text: Callimachus

text: Cyrene

text: Menedemus

text: Eretrian school

text: Macedon

text: Antigonus II Gonatas

text: Gauls

text: Antiochus I Soter

text: Syria

text: Pella

text: medicine

text: grammar

text: philosophy

text: hexameter

text: Eudoxus of Cnidus

text: Hipparchus

text: constellation

text: Milky Way

text: ecliptic

text: Ursa Major

text: Ursa Minor

text: Draco

text: Cepheus

text: Orion

text: Earth

text: Sun

text: zodiac

text: planet

text: Zeus

text: weather

text: Hesiod

text: Virgil

text: Georgics

text: Aristotle

text: Theophrastus

text: Hellenistic astrology

text: Hellenistic

text: Theocritus

text: Callimachus

text: Leonidas of Tarentum

text: Latin

text: Ovid

text: Virgil

text: Latin

text: Cicero

text: imperial Julio-Claudian dynasty

text: Germanicus

text: scholia

text: Avienus

text: Quintilian

text: Acts

text: Luke the Evangelist

text: Saint Paul

text: Areopagus

text: God

text: Epimenides

text: Acts 17.28

text: Theon of Alexandria

text: Achilles Tatius

text: Hipparchus of Nicaea

text: Arabic

text: Caliph

text: Al-Ma'mun

text: Vitruvius

text: Stephanus of Byzantium

text: Stobaeus

text: Aratus

text: Moon

text: 12152 Aratus

text: Acts 17:28

text: Hesiod

text: Astronomia

text: Collection Budé

text: Suda On-Line: Aratus

text: Suda

text: Byzantine

categories: Ancient Greeks in Macedon,3rd-century BC poets,240 BC deaths,Ancient Greek didactic poets,310s BC births,3rd-century BC Greek people,Ancient Greek astronomers,Ancient Greek poets

paragraph: Aratus

paragraph: Aratus (; ; c. 315 BC/310 BC240) was a Greek didactic poet. His major extant work is his hexameter poem "Phenomena" (, "Phainómena", "Appearances"; ), the first half of which is a verse setting of a lost work of the same name by Eudoxus of Cnidus. It describes the constellations and other celestial phenomena. The second half is called the "Diosemeia" (Διοσημεῖα "Forecasts"), and is chiefly about weather lore. Although Aratus was somewhat ignorant of Greek astronomy, his poem was very popular in the Greek and Roman world, as is proved by the large number of commentaries and Latin translations, some of which survive.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: There are several accounts of Aratus' life by anonymous Greek writers, and the Suda and Eudocia also mention him. From these it appears that he was a native of Soli in Cilicia, (although one authority says Tarsus). He is known to have studied with Menecrates in Ephesus and Philitas in Cos. As a disciple of the Peripatetic philosopher Praxiphanes, in Athens, he met the Stoic philosopher Zeno, as well as Callimachus of Cyrene and Menedemus, the founder of the Eretrian school.

paragraph: About 276 BC Aratus was invited to the court of the Macedonian king Antigonus II Gonatas, whose victory over the Gauls in 277 Aratus set to verse. Here he wrote his most famous poem, "Phenomena". He then spent some time at the court of Antiochus I Soter of Syria, but subsequently returned to Pella in Macedon, where he died sometime before 240/239. His chief pursuits were medicine (which is also said to have been his profession), grammar, and philosophy.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Several poetical works on various subjects, as well as a number of prose epistles, are attributed to Aratus, but none of them have come down to us, except his two astronomical poems in hexameter.

paragraph: These have generally been joined together as if parts of the same work; but they seem to be distinct poems, the first, called "Phenomena" ("Appearances"), consists of 732 verses; the second, "Diosemeia" ("On Weather Signs"), of 422 verses.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.:"Phenomena".

paragraph: The "Phenomena" appears to be based on two prose works—"Phenomena" and "Enoptron" (Ἔνοπτρον, "Mirror", presumably a descriptive image of the heavens)—by Eudoxus of Cnidus, written about a century earlier. We are told by the biographers of Aratus that it was the desire of Antigonus to have them turned into verse, which gave rise to the "Phenomena" of Aratus; and it appears from the fragments of them preserved by Hipparchus, that Aratus has in fact versified, or closely imitated parts of them both, but especially of the first.

paragraph: The purpose of the "Phenomena" is to give an introduction to the constellations, with the rules for their risings and settings; and of the circles of the sphere, amongst which the Milky Way is reckoned. The positions of the constellations, north of the ecliptic, are described by reference to the principal groups surrounding the north pole (Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, and Cepheus), whilst Orion serves as a point of departure for those to the south. The immobility of the Earth, and the revolution of the sky about a fixed axis are maintained; the path of the Sun in the zodiac is described; but the planets are introduced merely as bodies having a motion of their own, without any attempt to define their periods; nor is anything said about the Moon's orbit. The opening of the poem asserts the dependence of all things upon Zeus. From the lack of precision in the descriptions, it would seem that Aratus was neither a mathematician nor observer or, at any rate, that in this work he did not aim at scientific accuracy. He not only represents the configurations of particular groups incorrectly, but describes some phenomena which are inconsistent with any one supposed latitude of the spectator, and others which could not coexist at any one epoch. These errors are partly to be attributed to Eudoxus himself, and partly to the way in which Aratus has used the materials supplied by him. Hipparchus (about a century later), who was a scientific astronomer and observer, has left a commentary upon the "Phenomenas" of Eudoxus and Aratus, accompanied by the discrepancies which he had noticed between his own observations and their descriptions.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.:"Diosemeia".

paragraph: The "Diosemeia" consists of forecasts of the weather from astronomical phenomena, with an account of its effects upon animals. It appears to be an imitation of Hesiod, and to have been imitated by Virgil in some parts of the "Georgics".

paragraph: The materials are said to be taken almost wholly from Aristotle's "Meteorologica", from the work of Theophrastus, "On Weather Signs", and from Hesiod. Nothing is said in either poem about Hellenistic astrology.

paragraph: Section::::Later influence.

paragraph: The two poems were very popular both in the Greek and Roman world, as is proved by the number of commentaries and Latin translations. He enjoyed immense prestige among Hellenistic poets, including Theocritus, Callimachus and Leonidas of Tarentum. This assessment was picked up by Latin poets, including Ovid and Virgil. Latin versions were made by none other than Cicero (mostly extant), Ovid (only two short fragments remain), the member of the imperial Julio-Claudian dynasty Germanicus (extant, with scholia), and the less-famous Avienus (extant).

paragraph: Quintilian was less enthusiastic.

paragraph: Aratus was also cited by the author of Acts (believed to be Luke the Evangelist), in 17.28, where he relates Saint Paul's address on the Areopagus.

paragraph: Paul, speaking of God, quotes the fifth line of Aratus's "Phenomena" (Epimenides seems to be the source of the first part of Acts 17.28, although this is less clear):

paragraph: Authors of twenty-seven commentaries are known; ones by Theon of Alexandria, Achilles Tatius and Hipparchus of Nicaea survive. An Arabic translation was commissioned in the ninth century by the Caliph Al-Ma'mun. He is cited by Vitruvius, Stephanus of Byzantium and Stobaeus. Several accounts of his life are extant, by anonymous Greek writers.

paragraph: The crater Aratus on the Moon and the minor planet 12152 Aratus are named in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Acts 17:28

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hesiodic "Astronomia"

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Two important recent editions of Aratus' work:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Douglas Kidd, "Phaenomena", edited with introduction, translation and commentary, Cambridge, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Martin, "Aratos. Phénomènes", edited with translation and notes, 2 vols., Collection Budé, 1998.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bing, Peter. 1993. "Aratus and his Audiences." "Materiali e Discussioni" 31:99–109.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faulkner, Andrew. 2015. "The Female Voice of Justice in Aratus' Phaenomena." "Greece and Rome." 62.1: 75-86

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gee, Emma. 2013. "Aratus and the Astronomical Tradition." Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gee, Emma. 2000. "Ovid, Aratus and Augustus: Astronomy in Ovid’s Fasti." Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hunter, Richard L. 1995. "Written in the Stars: Poetry and Philosophy in the Phaenomena of Aratus." "Arachnion" 2:1–34.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James, Alan W. 1972. "The Zeus Hymns of Cleanthes and Aratus." "Antichthon" 6:28–38.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katz, Joshua T. 2008. "Vergil Translates Aratus: Phaenomena 1-2 and Georgics 1.1-2." "Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici" 60: 105-123

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pendergraft, Mary L. B. 1995. "Euphony and Etymology: Aratus’ Phaenomena." "Syllecta Classica" 6:43–67.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Possanza, Mark. 2004. "Translating the Heavens: Aratus, Germanicus, and the Poetics of Latin Translation." New York: Lang

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volk, Katharina. 2010. "Aratus." In "A Companion to Hellenistic Literature." Edited by James J. Clauss and Martine Cuypers, 197–210. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online text: Aratus, Phenomena, translated by G. R. Mair, 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online text: Aratus, Phaenomena, Greek text

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by Aratus at Perseus Digital Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Audio: "The Maiden (Virgo)" an excerpt from "Phenomena" read by translator Aaron Poochigian

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Apostle and the Poet: Paul and Aratus (Dr. Riemer Faber)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of Kidd's translation of the "Phenomena" by Mark Possanza, "BMCR" (September 1999).

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Hellenistic Bibliography, Aratus and Aratea) compiled by Martijn Cuypers

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Written in the Stars:Poetry and Philosophy in the Phaenomena of Aratus" by Richard L. Hunter, "Arachnion" 2.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suda On-Line: Aratus, with a list of works ascribed to Aratus; the "Suda" is a Byzantine encyclopedia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phaenomena et prognostica, Coloniae Agrippinae 1570 da www.atlascoelestis.com

alias:
Aratus Solensis
Aratus of Soli

description: ancient Greek poet

wikidata_label: Aratus

wikipedia_title: Aratus


text: Francis Edgar Stanley

text: Stanley Motor Carriage Company

text: Stanley Hotel

text: Estes Park, Colorado

text: Francis Edgar

text: Kingfield, Maine

text: Chansonetta Stanley Emmons

text: the eminent English scientist

text: celebrated American literary figure

text: protestant reformer

text: Union commander and US President

text: Sir Walter Scott

text: Edgar

text: Marmion

text: American Civil War

text: Kingfield Rebellion

text: Enrollment Act

text: University of Maine, Farmington

text: Hebron Academy

text: Bowdoin College

text: Brunswick

text: Robert Peary

text: Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain

text: Gettysburg

text: Mechanic Falls, Maine

text: Tuberculosis

text: Francis Edgar Stanley

text: air brush

text: Dry Plate

text: Lewiston, Maine

text: Richard Leach Maddox

text: collodion

text: Watertown, Massachusetts

text: Newton

text: Colonial Revival

text: Newton Corner

text: Squirrel Island, Maine

text: Amos G. Winter House

text: Yankee ingenuity

text: Sterling Elliott

text: Charles River

text: John Brisben Walker

text: "Cosmo"

text: Colorado Springs

text: Amzi L. Barber

text: Mt. Washington

text: William McKinley

text: Washington DC

text: Mobile Company of America

text: new factory

text: Tarrytown, New York

text: Sanford White

text: Locomobile Company of America

text: Bridgeport, Connecticut

text: George Eastman

text: Kodak

text: Rochester, NY

text: Fred Marriott

text: land speed record

text: Ormond Beach

text: Daytona Beach, Florida

text: Dewar Trophy

text: Vanderbilt Cup

text: tuberculosis

text: lungers

text: John Brisben Walker

text: Morrison, Colorado

text: Cosmo

text: William Randolph Hearst

text: Brown Palace Hotel

text: Harvard

text: Estes Park

text: Davos, Switzerland

text: Boulder

text: Elkhorn Lodge

text: Long's Peak

text: William Cullen Bryant

text: Thanatopsis

text: Hotel Stanley

text: Theilman Robert Weiger

text: Olympic National Park

text: State of Washington

text: Lord Dunraven

text: Rocky Mountain National Park

text: Wapiti Elk

text: Yellowstone National Park

text: Enos Mills

text: Long's Peak Inn

text: Woodrow Wilson

text: Rocky Mountain National Park

text: hotel

text: Kingfield, Maine

text: dry plate

text: Eastman Kodak

text: Stanley Motor Carriage Company

text: Francis

text: Wenham, Massachusetts

text: Hebron Academy

text: Eddie Jeremiah

text: Boston Bruins

text: Hershey Bears

text: Henry Ford

text: his factory

text: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Newton

text: Calvinist

text: tee-totaling State of Maine

text: Charles Augustus Briggs

text: Union Theological Seminary

text: Amos G. Winter House

text: The Stanley Hotel

text: Francis Edgar Stanley

text: Chansonetta Stanley Emmons

text: Fred Marriott

text: John Brisben Walker

text: George Eastman

text: Kingfield, ME

text: Newton, MA

text: Estes Park, CO

text: Stanley Motor Carriage Company

text: Mobile Company of America

text: Locomobile Company of America

text: Stanley Hotel

text: Rocky Mountain National Park

text: The Stanley Museum

text: Stanley Brothers' patents

text: Newton Corner Historic Walking Tour

categories: People from Kingfield, Maine,1849 births,University of Maine at Farmington alumni,Identical twins,Twin people from the United States,American founders of automobile manufacturers,1940 deaths

paragraph: Freelan Oscar Stanley

paragraph: Freelan Oscar Stanley (June 1, 1849 – October 2, 1940) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, hotelier and architect. He made his fortune in the manufacture of photographic plates but he is best remembered as the co-founder, along with his twin brother Francis Edgar Stanley, of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company which built steam-powered automobiles until 1920. He also built and operated the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Freelan Oscar Stanley and his identical twin brother Francis Edgar (1849-1918) were born on June 1, 1849, in Kingfield, Maine. They were the third and second, respectively, of the eight children of Solomon P. Stanley II (1813–89) and Apphia Kezar Stanley (nee, French. 1819-74). Although their family was not wealthy, education was highly valued and knowledge of science, poetry and music were encouraged from a young age. Their younger sister Chansonetta Stanley Emmons went on to achieve significant recognition in her own right as a photographer. Their elder brother Isaac Newton Stanley was named for the eminent English scientist while their younger brothers received the names of Solomon Liberty Stanley (after the family patriarchs) and Bayard Taylor Stanley (in memory of the celebrated American literary figure) Their younger brothers who died in infancy were named John Calvin Stanley (in memory of the protestant reformer) and Ulysses Grant Stanley (in memory of the Union commander and US President). It has been suggested that the names Francis Edgar and Freelan Oscar were drawn from the pages of Sir Walter Scott although Edgar appears to be the only one of their names shared with a character from his works. Scott's "Marmion" had special significance to the Stanley brothers, uniting their love of poetry and the arts with pride in their Scottish ancestry. "On, Stanley, on!" a battle cry quoted in this poem became the motto of the Stanley Dry Plate Company featured on their packaging (albeit with an error in punctuation) above a logo of a knight on horseback.

paragraph: In 1859, At the age of ten, Freelan and Francis started their first business together refining and selling maple sugar. The object of their hard-earned money was woolen cloth for new school suits and a copy of Benjamin Greenleaf's "National Arithmetic" in which book they worked every equation from cover to cover. At eleven, their great-uncle, Liberty Stanley, who had raised their father as his own son, taught them the art of violin making. By the age of twelve, Freelan had completed three instruments. He would continue to make them throughout his life creating many concert-quality pieces still prized today by collectors and musicians. In 1863, in the midst of the American Civil War, the brothers were witness to the Kingfield Rebellion, a protest against the highly unpopular Enrollment Act and the only anti-Union rebellion to occur in the State of Maine.

paragraph: In 1870, at the age of twenty the brothers began their collegiate education at Western State Normal School (now University of Maine, Farmington) with the intention of becoming educators. Francis Edgar soon found that academic schooling was not to his liking and left to pursue a career as a portrait artist. Freelan continued his education at Hebron Academy from 1871 to 1873 and finally Bowdoin College in Brunswick from 1873 to 1874 where he was in the same class as Arctic explorer Admiral Robert Peary. He never completed his degree, however, due to his participation in the so-called Drill Rebellion. Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (1828-1914), Bowdoin alumnus (class of 1852), former professor, and hero of Gettysburg, had become president of the college in 1871 and instituted mandatory military drills for all students. Although Stanley was exempt from the drill as a member of the college band, he was nonetheless strongly opposed to it and acted in solidarity with his peers. In November 1873, the students petitioned the Board of Governors to abolish it. In May 1874, having been unsuccessful in their petition, three-quarters of the student body refused to participate. Chamberlain gave the protesters one week's suspension and the ultimatum of compliance or expulsion. Stanley was one of three students who refused to comply. Despite his expulsion, Freelan Oscar Stanley was later granted an honorary degree from Bowdoin in 1919 at the age of 70. The drills were repealed after Chamberlain's resignation in 1883.

paragraph: Following his time at Bowdoin, Stanley accepted a position as headmaster of the high school in Mechanic Falls, Maine where he met Flora Jane Record Tileston (1847-1939). She was a teacher and a pianist of some competency. They were married in 1876. In 1881, Stanley was struck with Tuberculosis. His younger brother Solomon Liberty was carried off by the disease the same year at the age of 27. Freelan believed his survival depended upon a less sedentary life and so he decided upon a career in manufacturing, opening the Stanley Practical Drawing Set factory. Unfortunately, his new business was ruined in a fire which destroyed the whole of his investment only a year later, in 1882.

paragraph: Section::::Stanley Dry Plate Company.

paragraph: After leaving school, Francis Edgar Stanley married Augusta May Walker (1848-1927) and opened a portrait studio. His first technique was "crayon" or charcoal which he supplemented with his "Improvement to the Atomizer," a forerunner of the modern air brush which he patented in 1876. In 1882, Francis began experimenting with photography about which he quickly became passionate. Following the tragic conflagration of his brother's factory, Francis suggested that the two work together to create a new photographic product. By 1885, the Stanley brothers had established the Stanley Dry Plate Company in Lewiston, Maine. The first primitive dry photo plate was invented by the English physician Richard Leach Maddox in 1871. Charles Bennett discovered important improvements upon the original formula but, ten years later, most photographers were still using the wet plate collodion process. By perfecting their factory process and marketing their product across the country, the Stanley Company quickly rose to predominance at a time when the market for factory-made (rather than studio-made) photo materials was just opening. The brothers quickly amassed a small fortune and, in 1890, they moved their business to Watertown, Massachusetts and bought homes in nearby Newton.

paragraph: In Newton, Freelan and Flora Stanley emerged as members of well-to-do society. In 1894, Freelan built a Colonial Revival house at 165 Hunnewell Avenue in the Hunnewell Hill neighborhood of Newton Corner. In 1896, His brother built a home for his own family close-by at 638 Centre Street, acquiring, soon thereafter, a summer residence at Squirrel Island, Maine. In 1897-98 the twins purchased land and began construction on the Hunnewell Club, the seat of a social organization for their neighbors and friends. The building housed a ballroom, billiard tables and bowling alleys.

paragraph: In 1900-1904, F.O. Stanley drew plans for the Amos G. Winter House in Kingfield, Maine. L.A. Norton executed the construction of the house which still stands at 33 Winter's Hill Road and bears a notable similarity to Stanley's other architectural designs.

paragraph: Section::::Stanley Motor Carriage Company.

paragraph: Freelan and Francis Stanley were now living in the heartland of Yankee ingenuity and the inquisitive brothers were well-poised to immerse themselves in the many exciting technological advancements happening around them. Adjacent to the Stanley dry-plate factory in Watertown was a bicycle factory owned by Sterling Elliott. F.E. Stanley quickly became fascinated by the new bicycle craze and attempted to interest his wife, Augusta. When she fell off and swore she would never ride again, Francis told her, "Never you mind, Gustie. I will build something so that we can ride together in safety and comfort." Francis Stanley began the construction of an automobile and the project quickly absorbed his attentions. After contemplating the merits of combustion, electricity and steam, he determined that steam was the most practical option. His brother and he would hold steadfastly to the superiority of steam-power well after combustion had achieved predominance. By 1897, he had sold his horses and buggies and built his first automobile of wagon and bicycle parts from Sterling Elliott's factory. Not long after completing it, the Stanley Brothers took Francis' car to the Boston Auto Show (1898) held in Charles River Park, and so impressed the crowd that afterwards they began to produce steam cars on order as the Stanley Motor Carriage Company. From that moment on, Freelan Stanley was also committed to his brother's passion for motor cars.

paragraph: In 1899, John Brisben Walker (editor of "Cosmo", and early investor in the area around Colorado Springs) expressed interest in purchasing the Stanley's car business. The brothers were reluctant and decided to ask for a good deal more than they thought he would accept - $250,000 in ready cash. To their surprise, Walker accepted their offer immediately although he had to seek the partnership of "Asphalt King" Amzi L. Barber to finance the deal. For a few months, Walker and Barber managed the enterprise together. During this period, although they no longer owned the company, the Stanley Brothers stayed on as consultants; Francis in manufacturing and Freelan in marketing. This period was distinguished by a number of publicity stunts for which Stanley automobiles received much notoriety. In August 1899, Freelan and Flora Stanley became the first of many motorists to reach the top of Mt. Washington, the tallest peak in New England. In November of the same year, Freelan gave William McKinley a tour of Washington DC in a Stanley automobile marking the first time a sitting U.S. President had ridden in a car.

paragraph: Within a year, due to disagreements, Walker and Barber had gone their separate ways creating two separate car companies. Barber's company existed briefly as the Mobile Company of America, was moved into a new factory in Tarrytown, New York designed by the distinguished American architect Sanford White. Walker's Locomobile Company of America, which achieved rather more success after switching to combustion, relocated in 1900 to Bridgeport, Connecticut, an important early center for the American auto industry.

paragraph: Disappointed by the disintegration of their company, Freelan and Francis decided to start again from scratch. Their name was now no longer in use and their old factory had been vacated by Walker. The only problems were the patents which still belonged to Locomobile. The Stanleys resolved this issue by not only changing but improving their original designs. In 1901, they resumed production of the new, improved Stanley Motor Carriage under their old name. The quality of their new cars was such that their rival in the photo plate business George Eastman (of Kodak, Rochester, NY) became an avid customer, acquiring a Steamer in 1901. "If the electric [automobile] is a 'peach,'" he once remarked, "then the Stanley is a 'peacherina.'" His compliment must have encouraged the brothers to pour their energy into steam rather than photo supplies because, in 1904, they sold him the Stanley Dry Plate Company which Eastman legally dissolved the following year. The original Stanley auto patents were finally purchased back from Walker in 1903 for $20,000, the same year Locomobile abandoned steam for combustion.

paragraph: In 1906, the Stanleys earned a place in the history of transportation. With driver Fred Marriott behind the wheel, their specially designed "Rocket Racer" broke the land speed record at 127.66 miles-per-hour over 1 kilometer at Ormond Beach near Daytona Beach, Florida, earning them the Dewar Trophy. The next year, an attempt was made to break the record again. This time, the Rocket Racer crashed. Although Marriott was not killed, the Stanley brothers decided to set aside their record-breaking ambitions. The brothers also intended to compete in the 1906 Vanderbilt Cup Race with a specially designed "Vanderbilt Racer" but were disqualified by the strict entry parameters.

paragraph: Section::::Estes Park, Colorado.

paragraph: In 1903, at the age of 54, Stanley was stricken with a life-threatening resurgence of tuberculosis. The most highly recommended treatment of the day was fresh, dry air with lots of sunlight and a hearty diet. Therefore, like many "lungers" of his day, he resolved to take the curative air of Rocky Mountain Colorado. Perhaps this decision was influenced by his familiarity with John Brisben Walker, who had been a property investor in Colorado since 1880 and a resident of Morrison, Colorado after selling "Cosmo" to William Randolph Hearst in 1905.

paragraph: He and Flora arrived in Denver in March and were followed shortly by his Stanley Runabout which was shipped by train. After one night at the famous Brown Palace Hotel, Stanley arranged an appointment with Dr. Sherman Grant Bonney (MD, Harvard, 1889), the preeminent American expert in the disease. Dr. Bonney, a great advocate for home treatment, recommended he leave the hotel for a rented house at the first possible convenience. Stanley spent the remainder of the winter at 1401 Gilpin Street but, when his symptoms had not improved by June, he determined to summer in the Colorado mountains. Bonney recommended Estes Park whose climate he compared with that of Davos, Switzerland, a posh resort for European tuberculetics. On June 29, Stanley saw Flora off by train and stagecoach while he set out in his steam car. Having gotten lost and spent the night in Boulder, Stanley arrived a day later, on June 30. During their first summer the couple stayed in a primitive cabin rented to them by the owners of the Elkhorn Lodge. Over the course of the warm season, Stanley's health improved dramatically. Impressed by the beauty of the valley and grateful for his recovery, he decided to return every year.

paragraph: By the end of the summer of 1903, Stanley had acquired property in Estes Park and, with the help of English architect Henry "Lord Cornwallis" Rogers whose acquaintance the Stanleys had recently made, he began the construction of Rockside, his home in Colorado. Completed in 1905, the Stanley cottage was built with four bedrooms, gracious living areas and a modern kitchen, so that Flora could entertain summer guests. Stanley, whose primary leisure activities involved billiards, violins and steam cars, designed a basement with space for a billiard table and a detached garage with a violin workshop and a turntable, so that the steam car could exit front-wise rather than in reverse. The front door opened onto a veranda facing south with a view across the Estes Valley towards Long's Peak. Dr. Sherman Bonney apparently approved of his patient's design choices and included images of the house in his book, "Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Its Complications" of 1908. It remains standing today west of the Stanley Hotel as a private home.

paragraph: By 1907, Stanley had all but recovered and he returned to Newton for the winter rather than Denver. However, he and Flora had become enamored with the beauty of the Colorado mountains, often comparing them in speeches with those "rock-ribbed" hills "ancient as the sun" of William Cullen Bryant's "Thanatopsis". Not content with the rustic accommodations, lazy pastimes and relaxed social scene of their new home, Stanley resolved to turn Estes Park into a resort town. In 1907, construction began on the Hotel Stanley, a grand hotel catering to the class of wealthy urbanites who composed the Stanleys' social circle in Newton. Construction was steel frame with clapboarding on a granite foundation. Although executed to Stanley's specifications, the structure was built with the professional aid of Denver architect, Theilman Robert Weiger.

paragraph: To power the new hotel, Stanley constructed the Fall River Hydro-Plant which consequentially brought electricity to Estes Park for the first time. Upon opening, the hotel had 48 guest rooms, each pair sharing one bathroom. It had a fully electric kitchen and steam laundry, a hydraulic elevator, and electric lights and telephones throughout. Near the main structure, Freelan built a Concert Hall complete with a Steinway Grand Piano as a gift for Flora. During the day, Guests at the Stanley enjoyed golf, bowling, horseback-riding and motor excursions. At night, guests enjoyed formal dinners, concerts and lighter entertainment such as billiards. The steam car played a pivotal role in the operation of the Stanley Hotel. To transport visitors to and from the hotel, Stanley created a twelve-seat model which was thereafter marketed as the "Mountain Wagon" and became popular at other resorts such as those near present-day Olympic National Park in the State of Washington.

paragraph: Stanley's presence and the construction of his hotel provided enormous impetus to the Town of Estes Park which incorporated as a city in 1917. In 1904, Stanley organized and partially funded the paving of the Big Thompson Canyon Road (today US 34) to Loveland and, in 1907, the paving of the St. Vrain Road (today US 36). From 1906, he was president of the Protective and Improvement Association and from 1907, first president of the Estes Park Bank. In 1908, he had purchased the vast ranch lands of Lord Dunraven, comprising most of the valley, which he gradually gifted to the town. His largest grant, given in 1936, once called Stanley Park, now comprises the man-made Lake Estes (formed by Olympus Dam 1947-48) the fairgrounds (1941) and present high school campus.

paragraph: Stanley is often remembered for his role in the creation of the Rocky Mountain National Park. As president of the Protective and Improvement Association, Stanley became keenly aware that the charms of the Estes Valley lay in its natural environs and its wildlife. To prevent the gradual destruction of these by increasing numbers of tourists and sportsmen, he organized the establishment of the Fall River Fish Hatchery (1907) and the introduction of a herd of Wapiti Elk from Yellowstone National Park in 1913 (the offspring of whom are now abundant in the Estes Valley). Most importantly, he forged a deep friendship with naturalist Enos Mills who ran the rustic Long's Peak Inn. With Stanley's encouragement and financial support, Mills traveled the country campaigning for the protection of the Rockies of North-Central Colorado. In 1915, Woodrow Wilson signed the order establishing Rocky Mountain National Park, the tenth in US history and, today, the fifth most-visited out of fifty-eight. Stanley and Mills were both present at the dedication ceremony.

paragraph: In 1926, the hotel was sold to the Stanley Corporation, a private company established to manage Freelan's assets in Estes Park. Without Stanley's fortune to pad the annual budget, the corporation soon filed for bankruptcy. Stanley purchased the hotel back at a low price and passed it off again in 1930 to fellow auto and hotel magnate Roe Emery of Denver who would remain the owner until 1947. Although he no longer managed the hotel, Stanley continued to reside each summer at Rockside, his cottage nearby.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: After adopting Estes Park as his summer home, Stanley turned more from his eastern business ventures and toward philanthropy and the management of his hotel. In 1903, the year he first went to Colorado to treat his tuberculosis, he endowed the construction of a new high school in his old hometown of Kingfield, Maine which remains standing today as a museum dedicated to Stanley's life. In 1905, the dry plate company was sold to Eastman Kodak and the Stanley brothers focused their attention on the Stanley Motor Carriage Company. By 1917, at the age of 68, Freelan and Francis were ready for retirement and stepped down from management. That year, Francis and his wife Augusta were able to visit his brother's property in Estes Park for the first time. The following year, Francis was killed tragically while driving a Stanley automobile on a country road near Wenham, Massachusetts. In 1918, F.O. Stanley sold his interests in the motor carriage company to his nephew-in-law, Prescott Warren who carried on with the production of steam-powered vehicles until the company's closure in 1926.

paragraph: Stanley served on many boards and committees. He was a trustee of Hebron Academy from 1911 and president of the board from 1914 until his death. He endowed the school with funds to build, in 1926, Stanley Arena, the first enclosed high school hockey rink in the nation where future pro-hockey players Eddie Jeremiah (Boston Bruins) and Danny Sullivan (Hershey Bears) would play for Hebron as student athletes. From 1913, he was a trustee of the Maine State Sanatorium Association. In Estes Park, he served as president of numerous organizations working tirelessly to improve and develop the town.

paragraph: In 1933, his own steam-powered car having long been out-competed by combustion-powered models, F.O. Stanley called upon Henry Ford, who now dominated the automobile industry, at his factory in Dearborn, Michigan. During the visit, Ford bought several Stanley violins.

paragraph: By 1926, Flora Stanley's eyesight had deteriorated to such a point that she was no longer comfortable in places she didn't know well. Although the Stanleys continued to travel between Newton and Estes Park, Freelan began to think of retirement from public life, selling his hotel. In 1939, while in Estes Park, Flora suffered a stroke and died soon thereafter at their Colorado home, Rockside. The next year Stanley returned to Estes Park for the summer but maintained an inconspicuous presence. Shortly after his return to Newton in 1940, Stanley died on October 2 of heart failure.

paragraph: Section::::Personal characteristics.

paragraph: Raised in a Calvinist household in the tee-totaling State of Maine, Stanley did not drink alcoholic beverages. Nor did he smoke cigars, unlike many men of his day, having survived tuberculosis. He was discreet in his religious and political affiliations. Stanley wrote a letter to the "Newton Graphic" in 1902 criticizing Christian Science and expressing some negative opinions about orthodox interpretations of scripture. If Stanley held religious beliefs at all, it is likely that he was a modernist christian who shared the attitudes espoused by biblical scholar Charles Augustus Briggs in his controversial address to the Union Theological Seminary in 1876. Stanley's upbringing gave him a love of practical knowledge as well as an appreciation for music and poetry which he enjoyed throughout his life. His favorite pastimes were bowling, playing billiards and working in his violin shop. The results of a bowling tournament held at the Hunnewell Club, published in the Newton Graphic, show Stanley placed first and his twin brother in 8th place. He was fiscally conservative and insisted on paying and being paid in cash. He was devoted to his wife Flora to whom he was married for 63 years before her death. They never had children but they remained close to their nieces and nephews and were notoriously kind to the children of Estes Park and those who visited the Stanley Hotel. He was not without a sense of humor, posing for photographs dressed as "your western man" in a ten-gallon hat and woolly chaps, or as the "King of Estes Park" with a tin canister on his head for a crown, placed there by the local children.

paragraph: Section::::Architectural designs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1894, F.O. Stanley House, 165 Hunnewell Avenue, Newton, MA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1897-1998, The Hunnewell Club, 84 Eldredge Street, Newton, MA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900-1904, "Hillholm" (Amos G. Winter House), 33 Winter's Hill Road, Kingfield, ME

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903-1905, "Rockside" (F.O. Stanley House), 415 W Wonderview Avenue, Estes Park, CO (With Henry Rogers)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1907-1908, The Stanley Hotel, 333 E Wonderview Avenue, Estes Park, CO (with Henry Rogers & Theilman Robert Weiger)

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: F.O. Stanley was inducted into the Colorado Business Hall of Fame by Junior Achievement - Rocky Mountain and the Denver Metro Chamber of Commerce in 2016.

paragraph: In 2016, the Stanley Hotel announced a competition for a sculpture to be the centerpiece of the terrace in front of the hotel. Sculptors Sutton Betti and Daniel Glanz won the competition with a sculpture of F.O. Stanley holding one of his violins. The sculpture was installed and dedicated on September 29, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: People

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis Edgar Stanley

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chansonetta Stanley Emmons

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fred Marriott

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Brisben Walker

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Eastman

paragraph: Places

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kingfield, ME

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newton, MA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Estes Park, CO

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Maine

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

paragraph: Institutions

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanley Motor Carriage Company

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mobile Company of America

paragraph: BULLET::::- Locomobile Company of America

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanley Hotel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rocky Mountain National Park

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Stanley Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanley Brothers' patents

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newton Corner Historic Walking Tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amos G. Winter House National Register Nomination

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanley Hotel National Register Nomination

description: American co-founder of Stanley Motor

wikidata_label: Freelan Oscar Stanley

wikipedia_title: Freelan Oscar Stanley


text: saint

text: Catholic Church

text: martyr

text: Tibur

text: Tivoli

text: Lazio

text: Italy

text: Emperor Hadrian

text: hagiologists

text: tribune

text: Getulius

text: Emperor Hadrian

text: Gabii

text: Torri in Sabina

text: Sabines

text: Italy

text: Emperor Hadrian

text: palace at Tibur

text: dedication

text: pagan sacrifices

text: Catholic

text: demon

text: Roman gods

text: torture

text: Anio River

text: members

text: windlass

text: throat

text: breast

text: heart

text: navel

text: back

text: en masse

text: ditch

text: Greek

text: self-murder

text: persecution

text: Via Tiburtina

text: Rome

text: Julius Africanus

text: Eusebius

text: Hieronymian Martyrology

text: Felicitas of Rome

text: seven sons of the Maccabean Mother

text: Paul Allard

text: Bosio

text: basilica

text: Stevenson

text: Sant'Angelo in Pescheria

text: Pope Stephen II

text: sarcophagus

text: inscription

text: Diocese of Tivoli

text: patron saints

text: Roman Martyrology

text: General Roman Calendar

text: Settecamini

text: Chicago, Illinois

text: Symphorosa

text: Catholic Encyclopedia

text: Catholic Culture: St. Symphorosa

text: Santa Sinforosa e sette figli

categories: Ante-Nicene Christian female saints,138 deaths,People executed by drowning,2nd-century Christian martyrs,Groups of Christian martyrs of the Roman era

paragraph: Symphorosa

paragraph: Symphorosa (; died circa AD 138) is venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church. According to tradition, she was martyred with her seven sons at Tibur (present Tivoli, Lazio, Italy) toward the end of the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (AD 117-38).

paragraph: The story of their martyrdom is told in an ancient "Passio", the credibility of which is seriously questioned by many modern hagiologists. According to the "Passio", Symphorosa was a Tiburtine matron and the widow of the tribune Getulius, who had previously been martyred under Emperor Hadrian at Gabii (present Torri in Sabina), a town of the Sabines, Italy.

paragraph: When Emperor Hadrian had completed his costly palace at Tibur and began its dedication by offering pagan sacrifices, he received the following locution from the pagan "gods": "The widow Symphorosa and her sons torment us daily by invoking their God. If she and her sons offer sacrifice, we promise to give you all that you ask for." In the Catholic tradition, this locution can be attributed to demons under the guise of pagan deities, who would be tormented by Christian prayer.

paragraph: When all of the Emperor's attempts to induce Symphorosa and her sons to sacrifice to the pagan Roman gods were unsuccessful, he ordered her to be brought to the Temple of Hercules, where, after various tortures, she was thrown into the Anio River with a heavy rock fastened to her neck.

paragraph: Her brother Eugenius, who was a member of the council of Tibur, buried her in the outskirts of the city.

paragraph: Section::::Her seven sons.

paragraph: The next day, the emperor summoned Symphorosa's seven sons, and being equally unsuccessful in his attempts to make them sacrifice to the gods, he ordered them to be tied to seven stakes erected for the purpose round the Temple of Hercules. Their members were disjointed with windlasses.

paragraph: Then, each of them suffered a different kind of martyrdom. Crescens was pierced through the throat, Julian through the breast, Nemesius through the heart, Primitivus was wounded at the navel, Justinus was pierced through the back, Stracteus (Stacteus, Estacteus) was wounded at the side, and Eugenius was cleft in two parts from top to bottom.

paragraph: Their bodies were thrown en masse into a deep ditch at a place the pagan priests afterwards called "Ad septem Biothanatos" (the Greek word "biodanatos", or rather "biaiodanatos", was employed for self-murderers and, by the pagans, applied to Christians who suffered martyrdom). Hereupon the persecution ceased for one year and six months, during which period the bodies of the martyrs were buried on the Via Tiburtina, eight or nine miles (14 km) from Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Authenticity.

paragraph: It is difficult to ascertain how much reliability these "Acts" possess. The opinion that they were written by Julius Africanus (3rd century) has been rejected almost universally, since neither Eusebius nor any other contemporary historian makes the least allusion to any "Acts" of Roman or Italian martyrs composed by this African writer.

paragraph: The "Hieronymian Martyrology", which was compiled by an unknown author in the second half of the 5th century, commemorates St. Symphorosa and her sons on 18 July, but here the names of her sons are entirely different from those given in the "Acts". One of the manuscripts ("codex Bernensis") of this martyrology states that the "Acts" of these martyrs are extant: ""quorum gesta habentur"".

paragraph: Since here the names of Symphorosa's sons are different from those of the "Acts" we possess, there must have existed some other "Gesta" to which the author of the martyrology refers. In the same martyrology, on 27 June, are commemorated seven brother-martyrs, whose names are identical with those our "Acts" assign to the sons of Symphorosa. It is probable that the author of the "Acts", guided by the tradition that Symphorosa had seven sons who were martyred, made her the mother of the seven martyrs, whom he found mentioned in the martyrology on 27 June. If this is the case, we may infer, provided Symphorosa had seven sons at all, that their names were not those mentioned in the "Acts". Whether they were those assigned to them in the "Hieronymian Martyrology" will also remain doubtful as long as we have no certainty that the "Gesta" to which the author refers are authentic. Some hagiologists consider the seven sons of Symphorosa, like those of Felicitas of Rome, a mere adaptation of the seven sons of the Maccabean Mother. Paul Allard dealt with her story uncritically in his work.

paragraph: In the 17th century, Bosio discovered the ruins of a basilica at the place popularly called ""le sette fratte"" (taken to be a corruption of words meaning "the seven brothers"), on the Via Tiburtina, nine miles (14 km) from Rome. The "Acts" and the "Hieronymian Martyrology" agree in designating this spot as the tomb of Symphorosa and her sons. Further discoveries, that leave no room for doubt that the basilica was built over their tomb, were made by Stevenson. The remains were transferred to the Church of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria at Rome by Pope Stephen II in 752. A sarcophagus was found here in 1610, bearing the inscription: "Hic requiescunt corpora SS. Martyrum Simforosae, viri sui Zotici (Getulii) et Filiorum ejus a Stephano Papa translata" (Here rest the bodies of the holy martyrs Symphorosa, her husband Zotius (Getulius) and here sons, transferred by Pope Stephen).

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: The Diocese of Tivoli honours them as patron saints and they are mentioned in the Roman Martyrology on 18 July. However, they are no longer included in the General Roman Calendar. The reason given for their removal was that the information given in their "Acts", which are thought to be an imitation of the "Passio" of Saint Felicitas of Rome and her seven sons, is untrustworthy.

paragraph: In medieval times Settecamini was called "Field of Seven Brothers" in relation to the legend of Saint Symphorosa and her seven children.

paragraph: There is a St. Symphorosa Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphorosa at the Catholic Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Culture: St. Symphorosa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Santa Sinforosa e sette figli

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sinforosa y sus siete hijos, mártires (s. II)

description: Roman saint

wikidata_label: Symphorosa

wikipedia_title: Symphorosa


text:
American
United States Representative
Pennsylvania
Bedford, Pennsylvania
admitted to the bar
Federalist
Sixth
Seventh Congresses
lawyer
interment
John Woods
The Political Graveyard

categories: Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania lawyers,People from Bedford, Pennsylvania,1826 deaths,1764 births,Pennsylvania Federalists

paragraph: Henry Woods (Pennsylvania)

paragraph: Henry Woods (1764–1826) was an American politician, a United States Representative from Pennsylvania, and a land speculator.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Bedford, Pennsylvania, Woods had limited schooling, and attended the subscription schools of Bedford County. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1792, and began his practice in Bedford.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Elected as a Federalist to the Sixth and Seventh Congresses, Woods served as a United States Representative for the tenth district of Pennsylvania from March 4, 1799 to March 3, 1803. He then returned to his business interests of land speculation and law as a lawyer.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Woods died in 1826 (age about 62 years). The location of his interment is unknown. His brother, John Woods, was also a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Political Graveyard

description: American politician from Pennsylvania

wikidata_label: Henry Woods

wikipedia_title: Henry Woods (Pennsylvania)


text:
Grand Prince of the Hungarians
De administrando imperio
Byzantine Emperor
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
Hungarian tribes
Árpád
Hungarian tribes
their conquest of the Carpathian Basin
House of Árpád
Constantinople
Constantine VII
Germans
battle of Lechfeld
György Györffy
Carpathian Basin
the one
Bács-Kiskun County
Hungary
Battle of Lechfeld
Gyula (title)
Horka (title)
Principality of Hungary

categories: House of Árpád,Hungarian monarchs,10th-century rulers in Europe

paragraph: Fajsz

paragraph: Fajsz (), also Falicsi (), was Grand Prince of the Hungarians from about 950 to around 955. All information on him comes from "De administrando imperio", a book written by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. No other contemporary source or later Hungarian chronicle preserved his name, suggesting that he did not take an active role in the politics of the Hungarian tribes' confederation.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Fajsz was the only known son of Jutotzas, the third son of Árpád who led the Hungarian tribes' confederation at the time of their conquest of the Carpathian Basin between around 895 and 907. After Árpád's death, fundamental changes happened in the government of the tribal confederation. Although the various tribes could even thereafter act in concert for raids, they did not obey a strong central authority any more.

paragraph: Even so, as the historian Miklós Molnár emphasizes, "the supremacy of the House of Árpád seems to have remained unshaken." For instance, Hungarian visitors to Constantinopleincluding Termatzus, a great-grandson of Árpád informed Emperor Constantine VII around 948 that the "first chief" of the Hungarians "comes by succession of Árpád's family". Constantine VII also mentions that Fajsz was the head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes around 950. The historian Gyula Kristó proposes that Fajsz abdicated after the Hungarians' catastrophic defeat by the Germans in the battle of Lechfeld in 955.

paragraph: Section::::Name and legacy.

paragraph: Fajsz's name, which was preserved in two forms"Phalitzi" and "Phalis" may be connected either to the Hungarian word for "half" "(fél)" or to the verb "fal" ("to gobble up"). Historian György Györffy proposes that the villages named Fajsz in the Carpathian Basinfor instance, the one in Bács-Kiskun County (Hungary)were named after him. Based on the recorded Phalitzi form of Fajsz's name, Gyula Kristó rejects this hypothesis.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Lechfeld

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gyula (title)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horka (title)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Principality of Hungary

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio" (Greek text edited by Gyula Moravcsik, English translation by Romillyi J. H. Jenkins) (1967). Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. .

description: Grand Prince of the Hungarians

wikidata_label: Fajsz

wikipedia_title: Fajsz


href: Chile guitarist vocalist Los%20Jaivas Chile myocardial%20infarction Coquimbo

text:
Chile
guitarist
vocalist
Los Jaivas
Chile
heart attack
Coquimbo

categories: Nueva canción musicians,Chilean singer-songwriters,2003 deaths,1945 births,20th-century male singers,Chilean guitarists,Male guitarists,Chilean folk singers,Chilean people of Diaguita descent,20th-century guitarists,Chilean male singers,20th-century singers

paragraph: Eduardo Alquinta

paragraph: Eduardo Fernando Alquinta Espinoza (January 22, 1945 – January 15, 2003), more commonly known by his friends and followers as "Gato" Alquinta, was a Chilean guitarist and vocalist from the folk/progressive rock group "Los Jaivas", Chile's longest-surviving group. He died of a heart attack while on vacation in Coquimbo, Chile.

description: Chilean guitarist

wikidata_label: Eduardo Alquinta

wikipedia_title: Eduardo Alquinta