text: judo

text: Hyper Visual Fighting Arsion

text: professional wrestling

text: promotion

text: All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling

text: AJW Junior Championship

text: Yumiko Hotta

text: freelancer

text: mask

text: Akino

text: JDStar

text: JWP Joshi Puroresu

text: Tsubasa Kuragaki

text: Kaori Yoneyama

text: JWP Tag Team Championship

text: Ayako Hamada

text: noki-A

text: Ran Yu-Yu

text: Toshie Uematsu

text: Oz Academy

text: Command Bolshoi

text: gauntlet match

text: Manami Toyota

text: Arisa Nakajima

text: Kana

text: Kayoko Haruyama

text: JWP Openweight Championship

text: Ayumi Kurihara

text: stable

text: Passion Ray

text: Aja Kong

text: Basara

text: Misaki Ohata

text: Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling

text: single-elimination tournament

text: joshi

text: Pro Wrestling Wave

text: Moeka Haruhi

text: Shuu Shibutani

text: Yumi Ohka

text: Meiko Satomura

text: Natsuki☆Taiyo

text: NEO High Speed Championship

text: 2011 Tag League the Best

text: title vs. title match

text: Dash Chisako

text: Hailey Hatred

text: World Wonder Ring Stardom

text: 2012 Tag League the Best

text: Spanish

text: Ice Ribbon

text: Tsukasa Fujimoto

text: round-robin

text: Maki Narumiya

text: Emi Sakura

text: Arisa Nakajima

text: bye

text: JWP Junior

text: Princess of Pro-Wrestling Champion

text: Manami Katsu

text: vacant

text: Sendai Sachiko

text: 2014 Tag League the Best

text: round-robin

text: Tsukushi

text: Kyoko Kimura

text: 2015 Tag League the Best

text: Megumi Yabushita

text: Pure-J

text: Lady Afrodita

text: Reina-CMLL International Champion

text: Tiffany

text: Silueta

text: Two Out of Three Falls match

text: Mexico

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: October 12 "Super Viernes"

text: Arena México

text: Mexico City

text: La Amapola

text: Goya Kong

text: Marcela

text: Mima Shimoda

text: La Seductora

text: Zeuxis

text: Puebla

text: Dark Angel

text: Princesa Blanca

text: Dalys la Caribeña

text: La Comandante

text: La Seductora

text: Princesa Sujei

text: Estrellita

text: Reina World Tag Team Championship

text: Makoto

text: Miyako Matsumoto

text: La Vaquerita

text: Shimmer Women Athletes

text: American

text: Volume 45

text: Sara Del Rey

text: Volume 46

text: Mia Yim

text: Volume 47

text: Shimmer Tag Team Championship

text: Volume 48

text: LuFisto

text: The Canadian NINJAs

text: Nicole Matthews

text: Portia Perez

text: Volume 63

text: Kellie Skater

text: Tomoka Nakagawa

text: Volume 64

text: Cherry Bomb

text: Kimber Lee

text: Volume 65

text: Nevaeh

text: Volume 66

text: Mariko Yoshida

text: All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling

text: AJW Junior Championship

text: 1 time

text: Ice Ribbon

text: 1 time

text: JWP Joshi Puroresu

text: 2 times, current

text: Ray

text: Command Bolshoi

text: JWP Openweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: JWP Tag Team Championship

text: 3 times

text: Kaori Yoneyama

text: Reina-CMLL International Championship

text: 2 times

text: Reina World Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Other titles

text: High Speed Championship

text: 1 time

text: Puroresu Central profile

text: Official blog

categories: Sportspeople from Toyama Prefecture,Masked wrestlers,Japanese female professional wrestlers,1980s births,Living people

paragraph: Leon (Japanese wrestler)

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Arsion and AtoZ (1999–2005).

paragraph: In January 1999, Takase, with a sports background in judo, passed an audition held by Hyper Visual Fighting Arsion and began training professional wrestling at the promotion's dojo. She made her debut under her real name on March 15, 2000, facing Ai Fujita in a losing effort. Takase started her career with a sixty match losing streak, before picking up her first win over Linda Starr on November 19, 2000. Through Arsion's working relationship with All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling (AJW), Takase also made appearances for the promotion, where she went on to win her first championship, when she defeated fellow Arsion worker Mika Nishio for the AJW Junior Championship on December 22, 2002. Takase would eventually go into history as the final AJW Junior Champion, holding the title until AJW folded in April 2005. In June 2003, Yumiko Hotta took over Arsion and renamed the promotion Major Girl's Fighting AtoZ. Takase, adopting the new ring name Leo-na, worked regularly for the promotion for the next two years, before quitting and becoming a freelancer in February 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Freelancing (2005–2007).

paragraph: After leaving AtoZ, Takase began wrestling under a mask and adopted the new ring name Toujyuki Leon. Her first appearance under the new character, took place on February 11, 2005, when she was defeated by Akino at a JDStar event. On February 20, Toujyuki Leon made her debut for JWP Joshi Puroresu, losing to Tsubasa Kuragaki. She returned to the promotion on April 24, when she teamed with Kaori Yoneyama to defeat Eco and Kazuki to become the number one contenders to the JWP Tag Team Championship. On May 15, Toujyuki Leon and Yoneyama defeated Akino and Tsubasa Kuragaki to become the new JWP Tag Team Champions. For most of 2005, Toujyuki Leon for the M's Style promotion, where she defeated Ayako Hamada on April 24 to win the Tournament of Style, while also making it to the finals of a one night tag team tournament on August 7, teaming with noki-A. On December 4, Toujyuki Leon defeated Hikaru in the finals of a seven-woman tournament to win the Next Shining Generation (NSG) Championship, an independent title with no official home promotion. She would hold the title for four months, before losing it to Hikaru on April 2, 2006. After a fifteen-month reign, Toujyuki Leon and Kaori Yoneyama lost the JWP Tag Team Championship to Ran Yu-Yu and Toshie Uematsu on August 6, 2006. During 2006, Toujyuki Leon also made several appearances for the Ibuki and Oz Academy promotions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:JWP Joshi Puroresu (2007–2017).

paragraph: On January 14, 2007, Toujyuki Leon returned to JWP, wrestling Kaori Yoneyama to a time limit draw. After the match, she announced that she was officially signing with JWP, ending her freelancing days. On March 21, Toujyuki Leon picked up her biggest win in JWP, defeating promotion founder Command Bolshoi in a singles match. On June 10, Toujyuki Leon reunited with Kaori Yoneyama in an attempt to regain the JWP Tag Team Championship in a gauntlet match. After eliminating Aoi Kizuki and Manami Toyota, Command Bolshoi and Kazuki, and Arisa Nakajima and Sachie Abe from the match, Toujyuki Leon and Yoneyama were themselves eliminated by the eventual winners of the entire match, Kazuki and Sachie Abe. During the rest of the year, Toujyuki Leon and Yoneyama faced each other in two more singles matches, the first on July 22 ended in another time limit draw, and in the second match on October 21, Yoneyama pinned her former tag team partner for the win. After picking up another big win over Command Bolshoi on December 9 at the year-end "JWP-Climax 2007" event, Toujyuki Leon's year ended with her being given the JWP Technique Award. On June 22, 2008, Toujyuki Leon and Yoneyama defeated Arisa Nakajima and Kana to once again become the number contenders to the JWP Tag Team Championship. They would, however, fail in their title challenge against Kayoko Haruyama and Tsubasa Kuragaki on July 11. On November 24, Toujyuki Leon entered a tournament to determine the number one contender to JWP's top title, the JWP Openweight Championship. On December 7, Toujyuki Leon defeated Azumi Hyuga in the finals to win the tournament. She would receive her shot at the JWP Openweight Championship on December 28 at "JWP-Climax 2008", but was defeated by the defending champion, Kayoko Haruyama. Despite another year without championships, Toujyuki Leon was awarded the Fighting Spirit award at the end of the year.

paragraph: On January 25, 2009, Toujyuki Leon was finally able to defeat Kaori Yoneyama in a singles match, pinning her with the "Captured Buster". On February 8, Toujyuki Leon and new tag team partner Arisa Nakajima defeated Kazuki and Sachie Abe to become the number one contenders to the Daily Sports Women's and JWP Tag Team Championships. They would receive their shot at the titles on February 21, but were defeated by Keito and Yumiko Hotta. On April 19, Toujyuki Leon defeated visiting freelancer Ayumi Kurihara in a high-profile singles match. On September 6, Toujyuki Leon and Kaori Yoneyama faced each other in yet another singles match, this time to determine the number one contender to the JWP Openweight Championship. Yoneyama would go on to win the match, avenging her loss the previous January. The following month, Toujyuki Leon got involved in a storyline, where she aligned herself with other JWP wrestlers to defend the promotion against members of the NEO Japan Ladies Pro Wrestling-based Passion Red stable. One notable match in the storyline saw Toujyuki Leon defeat Passion Ray in a singles match on December 13 at "JWP-Climax 2009". On January 10, 2010, Toujyuki Leon announced that she was shortening her ring name to just Leon, before defeating Passion Hotty in a singles match. On June 13, Leon wrestled her tenth anniversary match, where she and Kaori Yoneyama defeated Aja Kong and Akino. On September 26, Leon formed the Shishi no Ana ("Lion's Hole") stable with Basara and Misaki Ohata. On October 27, Leon represented JWP in Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling's Joshi Puroresu Dantai Taikou Flash tournament, a single-elimination tournament, where different "joshi" promotions battled each other. In their first round match, Team JWP, which also included Command Bolshoi, Hanako Nakamori, Kaori Yoneyama and Kayoko Haruyama, defeated Team Pro Wrestling Wave, which included Gami, Moeka Haruhi, Shuu Shibutani, Toshie Uematsu and Yumi Ohka. The semifinals of the tournament were contested in six woman tag team formats, which led to Leon being sidelined from the match, where JWP representatives Kayako Haruyama, Nana Kawasa and Tsubasa Kuragaki were eliminated by Team Sendai Girls' Hiren, Kagetsu and Meiko Satomura. On November 27, Leon took part in an independent event produced by Passion Red, where she defeated Natsuki☆Taiyo to win the NEO High Speed Championship, her first title in four years. When NEO Japan Ladies Pro Wrestling folded the following month, the title was renamed the High Speed Championship.

paragraph: On January 28, 2011, Leon entered the 2011 Tag League the Best with her Shishi no Ana stablemate Misaki Ohata. The team eventually made it to the finals of the tournament, where they were defeated by Kayoko Haruyama and Tsubasa Kuragaki on March 6. That same day, Hanako Nakamori joined Shishi no Ana, replacing Basara who had been sidelined with an injury. On March 21, Shishi no Ana promoted their own independent event, which saw Leon make her first defense of the High Speed Championship, defeating Misaki Ohata in the main event. On April 3, Leon put the championship on the line in a title vs. title match against JWP Openweight Champion Kaori Yoneyama. Leon went on to win the match to retain the High Speed Championship and become the new JWP Openweight Champion. The match was later named JWP's best match of the year. In May, Leon entered the 2011 J-1 Grand Prix tournament. During the first two rounds, Leon defeated Ray and Dash Chisako, both times successfully defending the High Speed Championship in the process. On June 12, Leon defeated Shishi no Ana stablemate Hanako Nakamori in the semifinals of the tournament, making her first successful defense of the JWP Openweight Championship in the process. The finals of the tournament took place on June 26 and saw Leon put the JWP Openweight Championship on the line, while her opponent Hailey Hatred put her TLW World Women's and IMW Hybrid Fighting Championships on the line. Hatred went on to win the match to win the 2011 J-1 Grand Prix, retain her two titles and win the JWP Openweight Championship, ending Leon's reign at 84 days. On July 24, Leon made an appearance for the World Wonder Ring Stardom promotion, losing the High Speed Championship back to Natsuki☆Taiyo. On October 20, the Shishi no Ana stable was renamed Labradorite. In January 2012, Leon entered the 2012 Tag League the Best, teaming with former Passion Red rival and High Speed Championship challenger Ray as Mascara Voladoras (Spanish for the "Masked [Female] Flyers"). The partnership also led to Leon making an appearance for Ray's home promotion Ice Ribbon on January 25, wrestling in a tag team match, where she and Ray defeated Sayaka Obihiro and Tsukasa Fujimoto. On March 4, the round-robin stage of the Tag League the Best pitted Mascara Voladoras against Leon's Labradorite stablemates Hanako Nakamori and Misaki Ohata. Nakamori won the match for her team by pinning Leon. When the round-robin portion of the tournament concluded on March 25, Mascara Voladoras finished with two wins, a draw and a loss and failed to advance to the finals of the tournament. Following the tournament, Leon and Ray were given the first shot at the new champions, Ran Yu-Yu and Toshie Uematsu, but failed in their title challenge on April 22. On May 31, Labradorite held a press conference to announce that Nakamori and Ohata had "graduated" and would be leaving the group following August 12, with anna, Maki Narumiya and Mika Iida joining Leon as their replacements. On September 9, Mascara Voladoras received another shot at the JWP Tag Team and Daily Sports Women's Tag Team Championships, but were this time defeated by Arisa Nakajima and Command Bolshoi.

paragraph: On October 28, after Heart Move Kei Reform (HMK) member Emi Sakura had captured the JWP Openweight Championship, Leon, along with Arisa Nakajima, entered the ring to make a challenge for the title. On November 4, Leon and Nakajima defeated Sakura and her HMK stablemate Kaori Yoneyama in a tag team match, with Leon pinning Yoneyama for the win. On November 11, Leon entered a four-woman tournament to determine the number one contender to the JWP Openweight Championship, but was defeated in her first round match by HMK member Hanako Nakamori. On January 13, 2013, Leon entered another tournament in an attempt to earn the first shot at new JWP Openweight Champion, Arisa Nakajima. In her opening match, Leon was victorious over JWP Tag Team and Daily Sports Women's Tag Team Champion Tsubasa Kuragaki. The following day, after receiving a bye in the second round, Leon returned to the tournament in the semifinals, defeating JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Champion Manami Katsu. However, later that same day, Leon was defeated in the finals of the tournament by Kayoko Haruyama. On November 24, Leon reunited with Ray to enter a tournament for the vacant JWP and Daily Sports Women's Tag Team Championships, defeating Kayoko Haruyama and Manami Katsu in their first round match. Leon and Ray were defeated in the finals of the tournament on December 15 by Dash Chisako and Sendai Sachiko. From January 19 to March 2, Leon and Ray took part in JWP's 2014 Tag League the Best. After two wins, the team went into the final day of the round-robin portion of the tournament leading their block, but a loss to Kayoko Haruyama and Manami Katsu cost them their spot in the finals. However, when Katsu suffered an ankle injury, Leon and Ray were given her and Haruyama's spot in the finals of the tournament. On March 16, Mascara Voladoras were defeated in the finals of the tournament by Haruusagi (Rabbit Miu and Tsukushi). After pinning JWP Openweight Champion Arisa Nakajima first in a six-woman tag team match on August 17 and then in a tag team match on August 24, Leon was granted a shot at her title, but was defeated in the title match on September 15. On December 28, Leon and Ray, the team now renamed Voladoras L×R, defeated Wild Snufkin (Command Bolshoi and Kyoko Kimura) to win the JWP Tag Team and Daily Sports Women's Tag Team Championships. They made successful title defenses against Dash Chisako and Sendai Sachiko on April 5, the winners of the 2015 Tag League the Best, Aoi Kizuki and Kayoko Haruyama, on April 19, Kazuki and Megumi Yabushita on May 3, and Rabbit Miu and Rydeen Hagane on July 11. Their reign ended in their fifth defense against Dash Chisako and Sendai Sachiko on July 26. On January 9, 2017, Leon and Command Bolshoi defeated Hanako Nakamori and Kyoko Kimura to win the Daily Sports Women's Tag Team and JWP Tag Team Championships.

paragraph: On February 8, it was announced that JWP would be folding on April 2, after which all of its wrestlers, Leon included, would become freelancers. At JWP's final show, Leon and Bolshoi successfully defended the Daily Sports Women's Tag Team and JWP Tag Team Championships against Kazuki and Rydeen Hagane. Afterwards, the JWP title was retired, while the Daily Sports title moves on to Bolshoi's new promotion, Pure-J, with the champions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Reina (2011–present).

paragraph: On August 27, 2011, Leon made her debut for the Universal Woman's Pro Wrestling Reina promotion with a win over Lady Afrodita. During the following months, Leon continued working for Reina, remaining undefeated in singles matches. On July 16, 2012, Leon made her debut for Universal Woman's Pro Wrestling Reina's follow-up promotion, Reina X World, teaming with Crazy Star in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Alex Lee and Manami Katsu. On August 26, Leon entered a four-woman tournament to determine the inaugural Reina-CMLL International Champion. After picking up a win over Alex Lee in her first round match, Leon defeated Tiffany in the finals of the tournament to become the inaugural champion. At the following event on September 23, Leon defeated CMLL-Reina International Junior Champion Silueta in a Two Out of Three Falls match. On October 10, Leon made her first trip to Mexico to work for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), with which Reina X World has a working relationship. Leon, billed as "León", wrestled her first match for CMLL on the October 12 "Super Viernes" show in "Arena México" in Mexico City, losing the Reina-CMLL International Championship to La Amapola in her first defense. Two days later, in her second "Arena México" match, León teamed with Goya Kong and Marcela in a six-woman tag team match, where they defeated Mima Shimoda, La Seductora and Zeuxis. The day after that in Puebla, León, Dark Angel and Lady Afrodita were defeated in a six-woman tag team match by La Amapola, Mima Shimoda and Princesa Blanca. On October 16, Léon returned to "Arena México" for her fourth and final match of the tour, another six woman tag team match, where she, Dalys la Caribeña and Silueta were defeated by La Comandante, La Seductora and Princesa Sujei. On November 25, Leon defeated La Amapola back in Japan to regain the Reina-CMLL International Championship. Leon made her first successful title defense on February 10, 2013, defeating Sachie Abe at a JWP event. Her second successful defense took place at an event held by the newly rebranded Reina Joshi Puroresu, where she defeated CMLL representative Estrellita. On July 20, Leon lost the title to Command Bolshoi at a JWP event. On August 24, Leon teamed with JWP rookie Rydeen Hagane, a replacement for an injured Ray, in a tournament for the vacant Reina World Tag Team Championship, with the two defeating Makoto and Miyako Matsumoto in their first round match. On September 8, they were defeated in the finals of the tournament by La Vaquerita and Zeuxis. On December 22, Leon and Ray defeated Aki Shizuku and Ariya to win the Reina World Tag Team Championship. Leon and Ray vacated the title on March 28, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Shimmer Women Athletes (2012, 2014).

paragraph: On February 27, 2012, Shimmer Women Athletes announced that Leon would be making her American debut for the promotion on March 17. In her debut match on "Volume 45", Leon was defeated by Sara Del Rey. Later that same day on "Volume 46", Leon teamed with Ray to defeat Davina Rose and Mia Yim in a tag team match. The following day on "Volume 47", Leon and Ray unsuccessfully challenged Ayako Hamada and Ayumi Kurihara for the Shimmer Tag Team Championship. Later on "Volume 48", Leon defeated LuFisto in her final match of the weekend.

paragraph: Leon and Ray returned to Shimmer on April 12, 2014, defeating The Canadian NINJAs (Nicole Matthews and Portia Perez) as part of "Volume 63" and unsuccessfully challenging the Global Green Gangsters (Kellie Skater and Tomoka Nakagawa) for the Shimmer Tag Team Championship later that same night on "Volume 64". The following day, Leon and Ray defeated Cherry Bomb and Kimber Lee on "Volume 65", before Leon was defeated by Kay Lee Ray in a four-way match, which also included Kimber Lee and Nevaeh, on "Volume 66".

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Pure-J (2017–present).

paragraph: Before the official launch of Pure-J on August 11, 2017, the former JWP roster presented shows under the name "Pure-Dream Presents Dream Joshi Puroresu". Leon and Bolshoi continued defending the Daily Sports Women's Tag Team Championship at these shows. During these shows, the two also named their team "P-Ray-L", in reference to Leon's former tag team partner Ray, who was battling cancer. The name, which includes the letters "P" and "L" for "Piko" and "Leon", was also a play on the word "prayer". At Pure-J's inaugural event on August 11, Leon defeated Mariko Yoshida.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- AJW Junior Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ice Ribbon

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Ribbon Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Neko Nitta

paragraph: BULLET::::- JWP Joshi Puroresu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daily Sports Women's Tag Team Championship (2 times, current) – with Ray (1) and Command Bolshoi (1, current)

paragraph: BULLET::::- JWP Openweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- JWP Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Kaori Yoneyama (1), Ray (1) and Command Bolshoi (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- JWP Openweight Championship Contendership Tournament (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best Bout Award (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best Bout Award (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fighting Spirit Award (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Technique Award (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- M's Style

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tournament of Style (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reina X World / Reina Joshi Puroresu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reina-CMLL International Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reina World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ray

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reina-CMLL International Championship Tournament (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other titles

paragraph: BULLET::::- High Speed Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Next Shining Generation Championship (1 time)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Puroresu Central profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official blog

description: Japanese professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Leon

wikipedia_title: Leon (Japanese wrestler)


text:
Chinese
Pinyin
National Revolutionary Army
Neixiang County
Nanyang, Henan
Robin Hood
concubine
repeating rifle
Henan
Feng Yuxiang
Chiang Kai-shek
Henan
Kuomintang
communist
Zhang Guotao
Henan
Sichuan
Feng Yuxiang
Chiang Kai-shek
Guominjun
Second Sino-Japanese War
Henan
Chiang Kai-shek
Feng Yuxiang
Chiang Kai-shek
Tang Enbo
Henan
Battle of Wuhan
Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang
Hubei
Henan
Anhui
Bie Tingfang

categories: 1940 deaths,1883 births,People from Nanyang, Henan,Chinese people of World War II

paragraph: Bie Tingfang

paragraph: Bie Tingfang (Chinese: 别廷芳; Pinyin: Bié Tíngfāng; 1883–1940) was a Lieutenant-General in the National Revolutionary Army of China.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bie was born into a poor peasantry family in Neixiang County, Nanyang, Henan in 1883. After numerous persecutions by the local landlords, Bie was forced into joining one of the gangs of bandits. Unlike other bandits, Bie Tingfang had a great ambition and used this opportunity to his advantage by becoming a local Robin Hood for the poor. At the same time, Bie Tingfang also realized that in order to dominate the region, he must obtain the support of local landlords as well. Luckily, the most powerful landlords were not at good terms with those less powerful landlords who persecuted Bie, so Bie carefully cultivated his good relationships with the largest local warlords by orchestrating a ghost event.

paragraph: The largest local landlord Zhou had a serious family problem: his fourth concubine committed suicide by hanging herself because she could not take Zhou's wife's pressure. Bie Tingfang ordered his followers to hide outside the windows of the rooms of Zhou's residence, faking the crying of the dead concubine, which threatened the wife, who was directly responsible for the concubine's death. Zhou's wife obviously had nerve break-down and Zhou was disparate to find a solution. Bie Tingfang offered his service to rid of the fourth concubine's ghost from Zhou's residence, and after an elaborate ceremony, Bie Tingfang begun his so-called supernatural services by acting alone, while others were only too happy to oblige. Bie Tingfang entered the room in which the fourth concubine hanged herself and then the wife's bedroom, and soon reappeared, claiming the ghost was destroyed for good. The ghostly crying of the fourth concubine stopped the very same night (Of course, Bie had simply ordered his followers to stop).

paragraph: The most powerful landlord was of course grateful and promised Bie anything he wanted. Bie took this advantage by asking financial support to purchase repeating rifles, getting legitimacy by becoming the local security force, and making peace with those less powerful landlords who previously persecuted him. As a result, Bie Tingfang managed to turn his former enemy into allies while making more powerful friends, and due to his highly disciplined troops, he also maintained his peasantry support by eliminate other bandits who robbed the poor. From this humble beginning, Bie eventually developed into and remained a powerful warlord in Henan by switching to different sides between Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai-shek.

paragraph: Bie Tingfang was able to maintain his control in Henan regardless of his Kuomintang superiors because he was a capable and ardent anti-communist. Bie was instrumental in defeating Zhang Guotao and completely wiping out Zhang's communist base in Henan, forcing Zhang to fled to Sichuan and establish new base there. For his successful anti-communist campaigns, neither Feng Yuxiang nor Chiang Kai-shek would want to replace him because they would rather have a warlord they could bribe instead of communists. Furthermore, before the total defeat of Guominjun, both sides needed Bie's support or at least, neutrality in their fights.

paragraph: During the Second Sino-Japanese War he was Commandant of the Self-Defence Army (militia) in the Henan 6th District from 1938 to 1939. Chiang Kai-shek had become Bie's last boss and planned to remove him after completely defeating Feng Yuxiang. However, Bie proved to be a tough nut to crack, and his force readily and soundly defeated Chiang Kai-shek's force, and its commander, Tang Enbo was forced to disguise as an army cook to escape from Henan in order to evade capture. Following the Japanese success in the Battle of Wuhan and Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang he became a Guerrilla Commandant in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui border area until he died of disease in 1940. In his last years, Bie Tingfang made a drastic turn in his political preference by cooperating with communists to fight the Japanese invaders, thus becoming an ally or at least, a sympathizer of communists from the original ardent anti-communist.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bie Tingfang with photo

description: National Revolutionary Army general

wikidata_label: Bie Tingfang

wikipedia_title: Bie Tingfang


text:
Malacca
Portuguese
Viceroy
India
Portuguese Navy
Battle of Cape Rachado
Malacca
exclave
Tanjung Tuan

categories: People of the Dutch–Portuguese War,Viceroys of Portuguese India,17th-century Portuguese people,1560 births,16th-century Portuguese people,Portuguese military officers,1607 deaths

paragraph: Martim Afonso de Castro

paragraph: Martim Afonso de Castro (died June 3, 1607 in Malacca) was a Portuguese Viceroy of India. He commanded the Portuguese Navy in the Battle of Cape Rachado and fought over the present day Malaccan exclave of Tanjung Tuan in 1606.

description: Portuguese colonial administrator

wikidata_label: Martim Afonso de Castro

wikipedia_title: Martim Afonso de Castro


text: soldier

text: United States Army

text: Korean War

text: posthumously

text: Medal of Honor

text: Battle of Bloody Ridge

text: 9th Infantry Regiment

text: 2nd Infantry Division

text: grenade

text: mortar

text: List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: 1951 deaths,Korean War recipients of the Medal of Honor,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,American people of Polish descent,1914 births,American military personnel killed in the Korean War

paragraph: Edward C. Krzyzowski

paragraph: Edward C. Krzyzowski (January 16, 1914 – September 3, 1951) was a soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions from August 31 to September 3, 1951 during the Battle of Bloody Ridge.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Captain, U.S. Army, Company B, 9th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division

paragraph: Place and date: Near Tondul, Korea, from August 31, to September 3, 1951

paragraph: Entered service at: Cicero, Ill. Born: January 16, 1914, Chicago, Ill.

paragraph: G.O. No.: 56, June 12, 1952.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: Capt. Krzyzowski, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and indomitable courage above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy as commanding officer of Company B. Spearheading an assault against strongly defended Hill 700, his company came under vicious crossfire and grenade attack from enemy bunkers. Creeping up the fire-swept hill, he personally eliminated 1 bunker with his grenades and wiped out a second with carbine fire. Forced to retire to more tenable positions for the night, the company, led by Capt. Krzyzowski, resumed the attack the following day, gaining several hundred yards and inflicting numerous casualties. Overwhelmed by the numerically superior hostile force, he ordered his men to evacuate the wounded and move back. Providing protective fire for their safe withdrawal, he was wounded again by grenade fragments, but refused evacuation and continued to direct the defense. On September 3, he led his valiant unit in another assault which overran several hostile positions, but again the company was pinned down by murderous fire. Courageously advancing alone to an open knoll to plot mortar concentrations against the hill, he was killed instantly by an enemy sniper's fire. Capt. Krzyzowski's consummate fortitude, heroic leadership, and gallant self-sacrifice, so clearly demonstrated throughout 3 days of bitter combat, reflect the highest credit and lasting glory on himself, the infantry, and the U.S. Army.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients

wikidata_label: Edward C. Krzyzowski

wikipedia_title: Edward C. Krzyzowski


text: soldier

text: United States Army

text: Korean War

text: Hungnam evacuation

text: posthumously

text: Medal of Honor

text: Racine, West Virginia

text: 7th Infantry Regiment

text: 3rd Infantry Division

text: Jenkins, Kentucky

text: machine gun

text: grenade

text: Camp Kyle

text: Uijeongbu

text: List of Medal of Honor recipients

text: List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients

text: "Lt. Darwin K. Kyle" Kentucky History

categories: 1951 deaths,Korean War recipients of the Medal of Honor,Recipients of the Soldier's Medal,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,1918 births,Recipients of the Silver Star,American military personnel killed in the Korean War

paragraph: Darwin K. Kyle

paragraph: Darwin Keith Kyle (June 1, 1921 – February 16, 1951) a veteran soldier in the United States Army in World War II, Darwin Kyle earned both a Silver Star and Bronze Star for his heroic actions in France and Germany. A Master Sergeant at the beginning of the Korean War, "Gus" received a battlefield commission and the Soldier's Medal during the Hungnam evacuation. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions on February 16, 1951.

paragraph: Kyle joined the Army from Racine, West Virginia in November 1939.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Second Lieutenant, U.S. Army, Company K, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division

paragraph: Place and date: Near Kamil-ni, Korea, February 16, 1951

paragraph: Entered service at: Racine, W. Va. Born: June 1, 1918, Jenkins, Kentucky

paragraph: G.O. No.: 17, February 1, 1952

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citation

paragraph: 2d Lt. Kyle, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy. When his platoon had been pinned down by intense fire, he completely exposed himself to move among and encourage his men to continue the advance against enemy forces strongly entrenched on Hill 185. Inspired by his courageous leadership, the platoon resumed the advance but was again pinned down when an enemy machine gun opened fire, wounding 6 of the men. 2d Lt. Kyle immediately charged the hostile emplacement alone, engaged the crew in hand-to-hand combat, killing all 3. Continuing on toward the objective, his platoon suddenly received an intense automatic-weapons fire from a well-concealed hostile position on its right flank. Again leading his men in a daring bayonet charge against this position, firing his carbine and throwing grenades, 2d Lt. Kyle personally destroyed 4 of the enemy before he was killed by a burst from an enemy submachine gun. The extraordinary heroism and outstanding leadership of 2d Lt. Kyle, and his gallant self-sacrifice, reflect the highest credit upon himself and are in keeping with the esteemed traditions of the military service.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The U.S. Army named a camp after 2d Lt. Kyle, Camp Kyle, near Uijeongbu, South Korea.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lt. Darwin K. Kyle" Kentucky History

wikidata_label: Darwin K. Kyle

wikipedia_title: Darwin K. Kyle


text: United States Army

text: Medal of Honor

text: Korean War

text: Independence, Missouri

text: World War II

text: sergeant

text: forward observer

text: mortar

text: Battle of Hoengsong

text: Kansas City, Missouri

text: Independence

text: The Kansas City Star

text: boarders

text: Northeast High School

text: World War II

text: Battle of the Bulge

text: Army Reserve

text: sergeant

text: 38th Infantry Regiment

text: 2nd Infantry Division

text: Hoengseong

text: forward observer

text: mortar

text: M1 Carbine

text: hand grenade

text: Harry S. Truman

text: Camp Long

text: Wonju

text: South Korea

text: U.S. Route 24

categories: 1951 deaths,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,1923 births,People from Independence, Missouri,American military personnel killed in the Korean War

paragraph: Charles R. Long

paragraph: Charles Richard Long (December 10, 1923 – February 12, 1951) was a United States Army soldier who received the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in the Korean War. A native of Independence, Missouri, Long joined the Army after high school and served in Europe during World War II. Recalled to active duty for the Korean War, he served as a sergeant and forward observer for a mortar platoon. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his conduct during the Battle of Hoengsong when assaulted by a numerically superior force on February 12, 1951, he voluntarily remained at his forward post and continued to direct mortar fire until being overrun and killed.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Long was born on December 10, 1923, in Kansas City, Missouri, the middle child of Lois and Fritz Long. He had an older brother, Robert, and a younger sister, Edith. He went by his middle name, but his immediate family referred to him as "Buddy". Growing up in the Mount Washington area of Independence, Long delivered newspapers for The Kansas City Star, worked for the Fairmount Inter-City News, and sold soda pop at a bus station. His family was poor and took in boarders for extra money. After graduating from Kansas City's Northeast High School in 1941, he joined the U.S. Army like his brother Robert.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: During World War II, Long served in Europe and participated in the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944–1945. He remained in the Army Reserve after the war until being recalled to active duty at the outbreak of hostilities in Korea.

paragraph: By February 12, 1951, he was serving in Korea as a sergeant with Company M of the 38th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division. In the early morning hours of that day, on Hill 300 near Hoengseong, he was acting as a forward observer for the company's mortar platoon when they came under attack by a numerically superior force. Although ordered to withdraw, Long voluntarily stayed at his advance post, holding off the enemy with his M1 Carbine and hand grenades while continuing to direct mortar fire via radio. His last radio message stated that he was out of ammunition and called for a 40-round mortar strike near his position. He was surrounded and killed soon after. For these actions, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor a year later, on February 1, 1952. The medal was presented to his family by President Harry S. Truman.

paragraph: Aged 27 at his death, Long was buried at Mount Washington Forever Cemetery in his hometown of Independence.

paragraph: Section::::Posthumous honors.

paragraph: Several military facilities have been named in Long's honor, including the U.S. Army's Camp Long near Wonju, South Korea, and the Charles R. Long Army Reserve Center in Independence. Also in Independence is the Truman Memorial Building, which holds a display in memory of Long. In July 2010, a bridge on U.S. Route 24 in the Fairmount area of Independence, not far from Long's childhood home, was renamed the Sgt. Charles R. Long Memorial Bridge. A new Department of Defense Dependents Elementary School located on Camp Humphreys, South Korea will be named Charles R. Long Elementary School when it is completed in 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Long's official citation reads:

paragraph: Sgt. Long, a member of Company M, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action against an armed enemy of the United Nations. When Company M, in a defensive perimeter on Hill 300, was viciously attacked by a numerically superior hostile force at approximately 0300 hours and ordered to withdraw, Sgt. Long, a forward observer for the mortar platoon, voluntarily remained at his post to provide cover by directing mortar fire on the enemy. Maintaining radio contact with his platoon, Sgt. Long coolly directed accurate mortar fire on the advancing foe. He continued firing his carbine and throwing handgrenades until his position was surrounded and he was mortally wounded. Sgt. Long's inspirational, valorous action halted the onslaught, exacted a heavy toll of enemy casualties, and enabled his company to withdraw, reorganize, counterattack, and regain the hill strongpoint. His unflinching courage and noble self-sacrifice reflect the highest credit on himself and are in keeping with the honored traditions of the military service.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

wikidata_label: Charles R. Long

wikipedia_title: Charles R. Long


text:
American
Democratic Party
politician
Borough President
the Bronx
Manhattan
Bronx
High Bridge
Bronx
Democratic Party
Edward J. Flynn
New York City
New York City Police
Long Beach Airport
Queens
Fiorello La Guardia
Harlem River
Marble Hill
Spuyten Duyvil Creek
Hudson River
Sudetenland
Czechoslovakia
Joseph Kennedy
John F. Kennedy
Capitol
Timeline of the Bronx

categories: American people of Irish descent,Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery,1966 deaths,New York (state) Democrats,Bronx borough presidents,1890 births

paragraph: James J. Lyons

paragraph: James J. Lyons (February 12, 1890 – January 7, 1966) was an American Democratic Party politician, who served as Borough President of the Bronx from 1934-1962.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: James Lyons was born in Manhattan's old Ninth Ward. His father was in the Produce business and the family decided to move to the Bronx when Lyons was 3. He once reminisced in an interview that he used to drive a pony and a cart under High Bridge and sell fruit to the locals. When he graduated from Public School 11 at age 13, he went to go work as an office boy in the office of the Surpass Leather Company. He would later regret not staying in school and graduating from High School. He eventually moved his way up in the ranks of the company and became a Salesman. Lyons told his men that with the right approach, anything could be sold to anyone. To drive his point home, in his career he sold enough leather to cover four million pairs of women's feet.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Lyons was president of the Bronx Grand Jurors Association and only moderately interested in politics. When he got a call from the Bronx Democratic Party leader, Edward J. Flynn, in 1932 asking him to become the Democrats' nomination for the Borough President, he was shocked. But he went on to run for the position and won overwhelmingly in the heavily Democratic Borough. Eventually he would go on to be Borough President for seven terms.

paragraph: Lyons once stated that being a politician in New York City was like being in business, and New York was like a corporation. He ran his office like a tight ship, but was known to have a humorous side. It was his ability to combine the responsibilities of being in charge with being humorous that made him able to never lose an election in his life. He was annoyed that the comedians of the time only had to mention the Bronx to get a laugh. This was because most people only thought the Bronx was good for its famous Bronx Cheer. He devised a plan to call the Bronx the "Borough of Universities" and to play up that the Bronx Cheer came from the hospitality of the founders of the Bronx, instead of the common idea that it was just the attitude of the unsociable people of the Bronx. He was once chided by Deputy Mayor Henry Curran for using the word "contact" as a verb. He then decided he would set up the "Henry Curran University" in order to correct all grammar mistakes made in the city, in an effort to mock the Deputy Mayor. Lyons had his people send grammar corrections to all of the politicians in the city when they made mistakes. At one point he got the New York City Police Chief to apologize for putting up signs that were not incorrect. Despite these lighter moments in office, Lyons was a very hard worker. He would attend up to 10 meetings a night, and was always present at the opening of a new institution in the Bronx. When Long Beach Airport was being built in Queens, Lyons was instrumental in getting it to be named after Mayor Fiorello La Guardia.

paragraph: In 1914 the unused bend of the Harlem River was filled in, physically connecting Marble Hill, a part of Manhattan, to the borough of The Bronx. The result of the filling-in was the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, now the main channel connecting the Harlem River to the Hudson River. In 1939, when a judge found Marble Hill to be legally still a part of the borough of Manhattan (and the County of New York), Lyons declared it "the Bronx Sudetenland", referencing Hitler's 1938 annexation of a region of Czechoslovakia, because he wished it to be part of the Bronx.

paragraph: Section::::Family life.

paragraph: In 1917 James J Lyons wed Gertrude O'Brien. They had three children: James J. Lyons Jr., William Lyons and Getrude Lyons. James Lyons was a lifelong friend of Joseph Kennedy and was instrumental in getting his son William a job with President John F. Kennedy. It was later known that the reason Lyons never ran for an 8th term was because he overheard a phone conversation from President in which the President said that an "important Federal Position" awaited him at the Capitol.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of the Bronx, 20th c.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: James J. Lyons

wikipedia_title: James J. Lyons


text: lawyer

text: American football

text: wide receiver

text: National Football League

text: college football

text: Rice

text: bachelor's degree

text: political science

text: Jacksonville Jaguars

text: 2009 NFL Draft

text: South Texas College of Law

text: San Antonio

text: Sam Houston High School

text: MacArthur High School

text: San Antonio Stars

text: University of Texas at Austin

text: Bachelor of Science

text: Kinesiology

text: Assistant coach

text: University of Houston

text: women's basketball

text: Rice University

text: Bachelor of Science

text: mechanical engineering

text: Rice Owls football

text: ESPN

text: redshirt

text: sophomore

text: Bluebonnet Bowl

text: SMU

text: Biletnikoff Award

text: All-American

text: ESPN

text: All-American

text: Sports Illustrated

text: All-American

text: Walter Camp

text: All-American

text: Sporting News

text: All-American

text: Associated Press

text: touchdown

text: Larry Fitzgerald

text: New Orleans Bowl

text: Randy Moss

text: C-USA

text: Troy Edwards

text: Chase Clement

text: Zach Terrell

text: Corey Davis

text: 2008 Texas Bowl

text: Biletnikoff Award

text: New Orleans Bowl

text: Texas Bowl

text: Football Writers Association of America

text: Sports Illustrated

text: Walter Camp

text: AP

text: Sporting News

text: ESPN

text: East–West Shrine Game

text: Ed Block Courage Award

text: Rice Athletic Hall of Fame

text: Jacksonville Jaguars

text: 2009 NFL Draft

text: Brandon Green

text: Arizona Cardinals

text: Arizona Cardinals bio

categories: Texas lawyers,Detroit Lions players,American football wide receivers,1985 births,Sportspeople from San Antonio,Rice Owls football players,Jacksonville Jaguars players,Arizona Cardinals players,Living people

paragraph: Jarett Dillard

paragraph: Jarett Juma Porter Dillard (born December 21, 1985) is an American lawyer and former American football wide receiver of the National Football League. Dillard achieved success as a college football player for Rice, while earning his bachelor's degree in political science. He was drafted by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the fifth round of the 2009 NFL Draft. Following his NFL career, Dillard embarked on a successful legal career. He attended the South Texas College of Law, attaining his Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.D.) degree. Dillard practices law in the State of Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Dillard was born and raised in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Porter and Robin Dillard. He has two siblings. Jarett was a valedictorian and Tai was a salutatorian at Sam Houston High School. Darik ranked third in his class at MacArthur High School. Tai played in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), where she played for the San Antonio Stars. Tai also played basketball for The University of Texas at Austin, while earning her Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology. Presently Tai is Assistant coach of the University of Houston's women's basketball team. Brother Darik played football for Rice University, while earning his Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: In the 2006 season, Dillard captured national attention as no other Rice Owls football player had done. He shattered school receiving records on the way to becoming a finalist for the Biletnikoff Award, given to the nation's top receiver. ESPN's All-America first-team pick broke the NCAA season record for consecutive games with at least one touchdown catch.

paragraph: As a redshirt sophomore in 2006, he helped lead Rice to its first bowl game in 45 years (1961 Bluebonnet Bowl). Rice closed the season on a 7-1 run, capped by a come-from-behind victory over SMU to clinch a bowl game. During those 8 games, Dillard caught 55 passes for 826 yards and 16 touchdowns. In 2006, Dillard was named a finalist for the Biletnikoff Award, a first team All-American by ESPN, a second team All-American by Sports Illustrated, a second team All-American by the Walter Camp Foundation, a second team All-American by Sporting News, and a second team All-American by the Associated Press.

paragraph: At one point Dillard had a streak of 15 straight games in which he had caught a touchdown pass, leaving only Larry Fitzgerald, who had 18 in a row, in front of him. In the New Orleans Bowl, Dillard caught a touchdown pass in the fourth quarter to set a new record for games with a touchdown in a single season (13), besting the mark he shared with Fitzgerald and Randy Moss of 12 games in a season. In 2006, he caught a total of 21 touchdown passes, which set both Rice and C-USA records. On four separate occasions (Army, UAB, Tulsa, and SMU) he caught three touchdown passes in the same game. He also accumulated 91 catches for 1,247 yards, including 7 games with at least 90 yards: UCLA (102), Texas (91), Florida St. (113), Army (171), UAB (111), Tulsa (137), and SMU (145).

paragraph: In 2007, Dillard caught another 14 TD passes, earning 1st team C-USA honors and being mentioned by several publications as all-American honorable mention (including 4th team selection by Sports Illustrated). Dillard is one of only 8 players to catch 40 TD passes in a career, a feat he accomplished when he was only a junior.

paragraph: Dillard holds the NCAA record for career touchdown receptions with 60, eclipsing the prior mark of 50 set by Troy Edwards.

paragraph: Dillard and Rice quarterback Chase Clement hold the NCAA Division I-A record for career touchdowns between a quarterback-receiver tandem with 51, which has since been tied by Zach Terrell and Corey Davis of Western Michigan. This total does not include the touchdown pass thrown by Dillard to Clement during the final game for both Rice Seniors in the 2008 Texas Bowl. After his senior year, he became the first Rice player to be named to the Football Writers All America team in 50 years (Buddy Dial in 1958).

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biletnikoff Award Finalist (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Orleans Bowl (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas Bowl (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football Writers Association of America All-American (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sports Illustrated All-American (2006, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter Camp All-American (2006,2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- AP All-American (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sporting News All-American (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ESPN All-American (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- East–West Shrine Game (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ed Block Courage Award (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rice Athletic Hall of Fame (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: Dillard was drafted by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the 5th round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He is the second Rice player to be taken by Jacksonville after Brandon Green in 2003. On July 17 he was signed to a contract. Length and terms of the contract were undisclosed. As a rookie, Dillard caught six passes for 106 yards before suffering a broken ankle against the Jets in week 10 of the '09 season.

paragraph: Dillard was placed on the injured reserve list on September 11, 2010 due to a foot injury and did not play a down that year.

paragraph: Dillard was released by the Jaguars on May 7, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Lions.

paragraph: Dillard signed with Detroit on June 16, 2012, but was released on August 27, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Arizona Cardinals.

paragraph: Dillard signed with the Arizona Cardinals on April 24, 2013. He was waived after given an injury settlement on August 24, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of NCAA major college football yearly receiving leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arizona Cardinals bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Jarett Dillard

wikipedia_title: Jarett Dillard


text: Courtesy name

text: Chinese painter

text: Qingzhou

text: Weifang

text: Shandong

text: Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

text: Song Dynasty

text: Tang Dynasty

text: Jing Hao

text: Guan Tong

text: Huaiyang County

text: Fan Kuan

text: Guan Tong

text: Wu Daoxuan

text: Guo Xi

text: Wang Xiao

text: Culture of the Song Dynasty

text: Chinese painting

text: Chinese art

text: History of Chinese art

categories: Painters from Shandong,Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms landscape painters,919 births,967 deaths,People from Weifang,10th-century Chinese painters,Song dynasty landscape painters

paragraph: Li Cheng (painter)

paragraph: Li Cheng (; 919–967), Courtesy name Xiánxī (咸熙), was a Chinese painter from Qingzhou (now part of Weifang, Shandong) during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and early Song Dynasty. His ancestral lineage was with the Tang Dynasty imperial family, the Li (李) family, which had fallen out of power in 907 with the collapse of the Tang Empire.

paragraph: Li Cheng learned painting style from Jing Hao and Guan Tong at first but turned to focus on nature and developing his own style. He was also good at poetry and articles; but he did not pay much attention to that. He was not interested in working for the government. Many nobles wanted Li Cheng work for them, but Li Cheng never accepted. There was a prestige person named Sun always wanted to get a painting from Li Cheng. So he tried to offer Li Cheng a job in exchange for his painting. However, Li Cheng refused to do so. Sun then paid money to someone who knew Li Cheng and hoped him to steal a painting. After a while, Li Cheng saw his work hanging on Sun's wall; he was very angry and never contacted with the one who stole his painting. During his later years, he traveled around and died in Huaiyang County.

paragraph: Li Cheng, Fan Kuan, and Guan Tong together became known as the "three great rival artists". He did many landscape paintings with diluted ink, known as "treating ink like gold", which gives the appearance of being in a foggy dream. At that time, he was considered the best landscape painter of all time. He was known to have carried on an artistic dialogue with Wu Daoxuan through their respective paintings. Li Cheng primarily portrayed Shandong area landscapes in his paintings. Artists of later generations, such as Guo Xi, modeled their teaching on his painting style and methods.

paragraph: His works include “Jigger", "Joy in Fishing", "Cold crow", and "Landscape". One extant painting, "Reading Stele Nest Stone", was a collaboration between him and Wang Xiao.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Culture of the Song Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese painting

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese art

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Chinese art

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sullivan, Michael. "The Arts of China". Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese painting - Five Dynasties (907-960) and Ten Kingdoms (902-978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 宣和画谱 - Chinese Text Project

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Landscapes Clear and Radiant: The Art of Wang Hui (1632-1717), an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Li Cheng (see index)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&res=668529&searchu=李成&remap=g

alias:
zi Xianxi
Li Ch'eng
hao Yingqiu
Xianxi Li Ch'eng
Xianxi
Cheng Li
Yingqiu

description: Chinese painter

wikidata_label: Li Cheng

wikipedia_title: Li Cheng (painter)


text:
Malayalam
Trivandrum
Kerala University College, Trivandrum
Kerala Sahitya Academy
Ezhuthachan Award
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award
The Hindu news
The Hindu news

categories: University College Trivandrum alumni,Malayalam-language writers,2003 deaths,Poets from Kerala,Indian male poets,Narayana Guru,Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award,Malayali people,Malayalam poets,1913 births,Recipients of the Ezhuthachan Award,People from Thiruvananthapuram district,Writers from Thiruvananthapuram

paragraph: M. P. Appan

paragraph: Mahakavi "M. P." Appan (1913–2003) was a poet and littérateur of Malayalam. He was born on 1913 near Jagathi of Trivandrum district. His parents were Madu and Kochappi. His original name was "Ponnappan". He began his career as a school teacher after completing BA honours from the Kerala University College, Trivandrum. He had his imprint in the literary field for over 70 years. He was also a member of the Kerala Sahitya Academy from 1957 to 1967.

paragraph: He had published 40-odd poetry collections. Some of his famous works include "Vellinakshathram" and "Suvarnodayam".

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ulloor Award, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vallathol Award, 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ezhuthachan Award, 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award, 1973 (for "Udyana Soonam")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asaan Prize

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sooranadu Kunjanpillai award

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hindu news

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hindu news

description: Poet/littérateur of Malayalam

wikidata_label: M. P. Appan

wikipedia_title: M. P. Appan


text:
Santiago
long-distance
freestyle
swimmer
Chile
2004 Olympics
2008 Games
2012 Games
South American records
Chilean Records

categories: Competitors at the 2010 South American Games,Pan American Games medalists in swimming,South American Games silver medalists for Chile,Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics,1985 births,South American Games bronze medalists for Chile,Competitors at the 2014 South American Games,Swimmers at the 2011 Pan American Games,Chilean female swimmers,Competitors at the 2002 South American Games,Chilean people of Swiss-German descent,Olympic swimmers of Chile,Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics,South American Games gold medalists for Chile,Competitors at the 2006 South American Games,Female freestyle swimmers,Pan American Games gold medalists for Chile,Living people,Sportspeople from Santiago,Swimmers at the 2003 Pan American Games,Pan American Games bronze medalists for Chile,South American Games medalists in swimming,Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Pan American Games silver medalists for Chile,Swimmers at the 2015 Pan American Games

paragraph: Kristel Köbrich

paragraph: Kristel Arianne Köbrich Schimpl (born August 9, 1985 in Santiago, Chile) is an Olympic long-distance freestyle swimmer from Chile. She was the country's flagbearer at the 2004 Olympics, and also swam at the 2008 Games and at the 2012 Games.

paragraph: She is the current holder of the South American records in the women's 800 m and 1500 m freestyle (long and short course). She also has the Chilean Records in the 200, 400, 800 and 1500 freestyles (2:04.81, 4:11.83, 8:21.66, and 15:57.57), and the 400 IM (4:58.68).

description: swimmer

wikidata_label: Kristel Köbrich

wikipedia_title: Kristel Köbrich


text:
Schwetzingen
Geneva
Friedrich Klose
Vienna
Karlsruhe
Felix Mottl
Landshut
Lübeck
Munich
Wilhelm Petersen
Ludwig Thuille
Richard Strauss
Richard Wagner
Franz Liszt
Hector Berlioz
Anton Bruckner
Hans Pfitzner
Max Reger

categories: German music theorists,1870 births,19th-century German musicians,German male non-fiction writers,German male conductors (music),German music critics,19th-century male musicians,German conductors (music),German music educators,1914 deaths

paragraph: Rudolf Louis

paragraph: Rudolf Louis (30 January 187015 November 1914) was a German music critic and conductor.

paragraph: Louis was born in Schwetzingen in 1870. He studied in Geneva, where he was a pupil of Friedrich Klose, and continued his studies in Vienna and then Karlsruhe under Felix Mottl before becoming conductor of the theatre orchestras in Landshut and Lübeck. In 1897 he moved to Munich, where he lived for the remainder of his life. Here he taught harmony and composition. Among his pupils was Wilhelm Petersen.

paragraph: He was also the music critic for the newspaper "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten". An advocate of the latest trends in music as exemplified by his friends Ludwig Thuille and Richard Strauss, he published books on Richard Wagner, Franz Liszt, Hector Berlioz, Anton Bruckner, Hans Pfitzner, Klose and contemporary German music. With Ludwig Thuille he wrote an influential manual on harmony, "Harmonielehre" (1907), which went through many editions.

paragraph: He had an acrimonious relationship with the composer Max Reger, of whose compositions he usually had negative opinions. After the first performance of Reger's Sinfonietta on 2 February 1906, Louis wrote a typically negative review in the "Münchener Neueste Nachrichten" on 7 February. Reger wrote to him: "Ich sitze in dem kleinsten Zimmer in meinem Hause. Ich habe Ihre Kritik vor mir. Im nächsten Augenblick wird sie hinter mir sein" ("I am sitting in the smallest room of my house. I have your review before me. In a moment it will be behind me!").

paragraph: Rudolf Louis died in Munich in 1914, aged 44.

description: German musician

wikidata_label: Rudolf Louis

wikipedia_title: Rudolf Louis


text: Egyptology

text: Mormon

text: Theodore Kosloff

text: Rudolph Valentino

text: spiritualism

text: Mellon Grant

text: Pyramid of Unas

text: The Legend of Valentino

text: Yvette Mimieux

text: Ken Russell

text: Valentino

text: Michelle Phillips

text: Alexandra Daddario

text: American Civil War

text: Heber C. Kimball

text: Cathedral of the Madeleine

text: Latter-day Saint

text: Le Chesnay

text: Elsie de Wolfe

text: Richard Hudnut

text: Surrey

text: England

text: Greek mythology

text: Anna Pavlova

text: Swan Lake

text: ballerina

text: Theodore Kosloff

text: statutory rape

text: Cecil B. DeMille

text: Alla Nazimova

text: USD

text: Billions

text: Why Change Your Wife?

text: Something to Think About

text: Forbidden Fruit

text: Mitchell Leisen

text: birdshot

text: Paul Poiret

text: Léon Bakst

text: Aubrey Beardsley

text: The Moving Picture World

text: The Woman God Forgot

text: Rudolph Valentino

text: Camille

text: Jean Acker

text: bigamy

text: Crown Point, Indiana

text: spiritualists

text: automatic writing

text: The Young Rajah

text: Latin lover

text: Famous Players-Lasky

text: Alla Nazimova

text: Salomé

text: Aubrey Beardsley

text: Monsieur Beaucaire

text: United Artists

text: What Price Beauty?

text: Clive Brook

text: When Love Grows Cold

text: Picture Play

text: peritonitis

text: telegram

text: Woodlawn Cemetery

text: the Bronx

text: vaudeville

text: Palace Theatre

text: astral plane

text: séance

text: Edward E. Paramore, Jr.

text: couture

text: Beulah Bondi

text: Mae Murray

text: Great Depression

text: Juan-les-Pins

text: Mallorca

text: Memphis

text: Luxor

text: Thebes

text: Howard Carter

text: Spanish Civil War

text: Nice

text: heart attack

text: Bollingen Foundation

text: past life

text: Helena Blavatsky

text: George Gurdjieff

text: astrology

text: Harper's Bazaar

text: Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

text: USD

text: Ananda Coomaraswamy

text: theosophy

text: Atlantis

text: scarabs

text: Book of Caverns

text: Coptic

text: Pistis Sophia

text: Voice of the Silence

text: Sutras of Patanjali

text: Elizabeth Thomas

text: Luxor

text: Tutankhamun

text: Pyramid of Unas

text: Saqqara

text: University of Utah

text: Museum of Fine Arts

text: New Milford, Connecticut

text: William C. Hayes

text: Richard Parker

text: papyri

text: Yale University

text: scleroderma

text: Lenox Hill Hospital

text: Arcadia

text: nursing home

text: Pasadena

text: bisexual

text: Kenneth Anger

text: Hollywood Babylon

text: consummated

text: lavender marriage

text: Marlene Dietrich

text: Eva Le Gallienne

text: Greta Garbo

text: Mercedes de Acosta

text: Dorothy Norman

text: Anthony Slide

text: What Price Beauty?

text: moderne

text: Bauhaus

text: deco

text: Pat Kirkham

text: dolman sleeve

text: Norman Norell

text: turban

text: brocade

text: Myrna Loy

text: Edward Wente

text: Erik Hornung

text: Utah Museum of Fine Arts

text: Paja Jovanović

text: Yvette Mimieux

text: Melville Shavelson

text: The Legend of Valentino

text: Michelle Phillips

text: Ken Russell

text: Valentino

text: Alexandra Daddario

text: Natacha Rambova

text: Columbia University

text: Scan of article

text: Natacha Rambova papers

text: Library of Congress

text: Catalog of artifacts

text: University of Utah

text: The Natacha Rambova Archive

text: Yale University

categories: Women memoirists,20th-century American actresses,American scenic designers,American costume designers,American inventors,Artists from Salt Lake City,American women film producers,American stage actresses,American film producers,American Latter Day Saints,American women non-fiction writers,Artists from San Francisco,American astrologers,Writers from Salt Lake City,American spiritualists,1897 births,Dancers from Utah,American women screenwriters,American memoirists,Writers from San Francisco,20th-century astrologers,American art directors,Former Roman Catholics,American fashion designers,American people of Irish descent,Disease-related deaths in California,Screenwriters from California,Actresses from Salt Lake City,Women film pioneers,American people of English descent,American Egyptologists,Screenwriters from Utah,1966 deaths,Kimball–Snow–Woolley family,American silent film actresses,Dancers from California,Women scenic designers

paragraph: Natacha Rambova

paragraph: Natacha Rambova (born Winifred Kimball Shaughnessy; January 19, 1897 – June 5, 1966) was an American film costume designer and set designer, and occasional actress who was active in Hollywood in the 1920s. In her later life, she abandoned design to pursue other interests, specifically Egyptology, a subject on which she became a published scholar in the 1950s.

paragraph: Born into a prominent Mormon family in Salt Lake City, Rambova was raised in San Francisco and educated in England before beginning her career as a dancer, performing under Russian ballet choreographer Theodore Kosloff in New York City. She relocated to Los Angeles at age 19, where she became an established costume designer for Hollywood film productions. It was there she became acquainted with actor Rudolph Valentino, with whom she had a two-year marriage from 1923 to 1925. Rambova's association with Valentino afforded her a widespread celebrity typically afforded to actors. Although they shared many interests such as art, poetry and spiritualism, his colleagues felt that she exercised too much control over his work and blamed her for several expensive career flops.

paragraph: After divorcing Valentino in 1925, Rambova operated her own clothing store in Manhattan before moving to Europe and marrying the aristocrat Álvaro de Urzáiz in 1932. It was during this time that she visited Egypt, and developed a fascination with the country that remained for the rest of her life. Rambova spent her later years studying Egyptology and earned two Mellon Grants to travel there and study Egyptian symbols and belief systems. She served as the editor of the first three volumes of "Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations" (1954–7) by Alexandre Piankoff, also contributing a chapter on symbology in the third volume. She died in 1966 in California of a heart attack while working on a manuscript examining patterns within the texts in the Pyramid of Unas.

paragraph: Rambova has been noted by fashion and art historians for her unique costume designs that drew on and synthesized a variety of influences, as well as her dedication to historical accuracy in crafting them. Academics have also cited her interpretive contributions to the field of Egyptology as significant. In popular culture, Rambova has been depicted in several films and television series, figuring significantly in the Valentino biopics "The Legend of Valentino" (1975), in which she was portrayed by Yvette Mimieux, and Ken Russell's "Valentino" (1977) by Michelle Phillips. She was also featured in a fictionalized narrative in the network series "" (2015), portrayed by Alexandra Daddario.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Rambova was born Winifred Kimball Shaughnessy on January 19, 1897, in Salt Lake City, Utah. Her father, Michael Shaughnessy, was an Irish Catholic from New York City who fought for the Union during the American Civil War and then worked in the mining industry. Her mother, Winifred Shaughnessy (née Kimball), was the granddaughter of Mormon apostle Heber C. Kimball, of English descent, and was raised in a prominent Salt Lake City family. At her father's wishes, Rambova was baptized a Roman Catholic at the Cathedral of the Madeleine in Salt Lake City in June 1897, though she later was baptized a Latter-day Saint by her mother at age eight.

paragraph: Rambova's parents had a tumultuous relationship: Her father was an alcoholic, and often sold her mother's possessions to pay off gambling debts. This led Winifred (senior) to divorce Shaughnessy in 1900 and relocate with Rambova to San Francisco. There, she remarried to Edgar de Wolfe in 1907. During her childhood, Rambova spent summer vacations at the Villa Trianon in Le Chesnay, France with Edgar's sister, the French designer Elsie de Wolfe. The marriage between Winifred (senior) and Edgar de Wolfe was short-lived, and she again remarried, this time to millionaire perfume mogul Richard Hudnut. Rambova was adopted by her new stepfather, making her legal name Winifred Hudnut. Rambova was given the nickname "Wink" by her aunt Teresa to distinguish her from her mother because of their shared name. She also sometimes went by Winifred de Wolfe, after her former step-aunt Elsie, with whom she maintained a relationship after her mother's divorce from Edgar.

paragraph: A rebellious teenager, Rambova was sent by her mother to Leatherhead Court, a boarding school in Surrey, England. In her schooling, she became fascinated by Greek mythology, and also proved especially gifted at ballet. After seeing Anna Pavlova in a production of "Swan Lake" in Paris with her former step-aunt Elsie, Rambova decided she wanted to pursue a career as a ballerina. Her family had encouraged her to study ballet purely as a social grace, and were appalled when she chose it as her career. Her aunt Teresa, however, was supportive, and took Rambova to New York City, where she studied under the Russian ballet dancer and choreographer Theodore Kosloff in his Imperial Russian Ballet Company. While dancing under Kosloff, she adopted the Russian-inspired stage name Natacha Rambova. Standing at , Rambova was too tall to be a classical ballerina, but was given leading parts by the then-32-year-old Kosloff, who soon became her lover. Rambova's mother was outraged upon discovering the affair as Rambova was 17 years old at the time, and she tried to have Kosloff deported on statutory rape charges. Rambova retaliated against her mother by fleeing abroad, and her mother ultimately agreed to her continuing to perform with the company.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Design in film.

paragraph: Around 1917, Kosloff was hired by Cecil B. DeMille as a performer and costume designer for DeMille's Hollywood films, after which he and Rambova relocated from New York to Los Angeles. Rambova carried out much of the creative work as well as the historical research for Kosloff, and he then stole her sketches and claimed credit for these as his own. When Kosloff started work for fellow-Russian film producer Alla Nazimova at Metro Pictures Corporation (later MGM) in 1919, he sent Rambova to present some designs. Nazimova requested some alterations, and was impressed when Rambova was able to make these changes immediately in her own hand. Nazimova offered Rambova a position on her production staff as an art director and costume designer, proposing a wage of up to USD$5,000 per picture (). Rambova immediately began working for Nazimova on the comedy film "Billions" (1920), for which she supplied the costumes and served as art director. She also designed the costumes for two Cecil DeMille films in 1920: "Why Change Your Wife?" and "Something to Think About". The following year, she served as the art director on the DeMille production "Forbidden Fruit" (1921), in which she designed (with Mitchell Leisen) an elaborate costume for a Cinderella-inspired fantasy sequence.

paragraph: While working on her second project for Nazimova—"Aphrodite", which never was filmed—Rambova revealed to Kosloff that she planned on leaving him. During the ensuing argument, he attempted to kill her, shooting at her with a shotgun. The gun fired into Rambova's leg, and the bullet lodged above her knee. Rambova fled the Hollywood apartment she shared with Kosloff to the set of "Aphrodite", where a cameraman helped her remove the birdshot from her leg. Despite the nature of the incident, she continued to live with Kosloff for some time.

paragraph: Stylistically, Rambova favored designers such as Paul Poiret, Léon Bakst, and Aubrey Beardsley. She specialized in "exotic" and "foreign" effects in both costume and stage design. For costumes she favored bright colors, baubles, bangles, shimmering draped fabrics, sparkles, and feathers. She also strived for historical accuracy in her costume and set designs. As noted in "The Moving Picture World"s review of 1917's "The Woman God Forgot" (Rambova's first film project): "To the student of history the accuracy of the exteriors, interiors, costumes, and accessories ... [the film] will make strong appeal."

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Relationship with Rudolph Valentino.

paragraph: In 1921, Rambova was introduced to actor Rudolph Valentino on the set of Nazimova's "Uncharted Seas" (1921). She and Valentino subsequently worked together on "Camille" (1921), a film which was a financial failure and resulted in Metro Pictures terminating their contract with Nazimova. While making the film, however, Rambova and Valentino became romantically involved. Although Valentino was still married to American film actress Jean Acker, he and Rambova moved in together within a year, having formed a relationship based more on friendship and shared interests than on emotional or professional rapport. They then had to pretend to separate until Valentino's divorce was finalized, and married on May 13, 1922 in Mexicali, Mexico, an event described by Rambova as "wonderful ... even though it did cause many worries and heartaches later." However, the law required a year to pass before remarriage, and Valentino was jailed for bigamy, having to be bailed out by friends. They legally remarried on March 14, 1923 in Crown Point, Indiana.

paragraph: Both Rambova and Valentino were spiritualists, and they frequently visited psychics and took part in séances and automatic writing. Valentino wrote a book of poetry "Daydreams" with many poems about Rambova. When it came to domestic life, Valentino and Rambova turned out to hold very different views. Valentino cherished Old World ideals of a woman being a housewife and mother, while Rambova was intent on maintaining a career and had no intention of being a housewife. Valentino was known as an excellent cook, while actress Patsy Ruth Miller suspected Rambova didn't know "how to make burnt fudge," although the truth was she did occasionally bake and was an excellent seamstress. Valentino wanted children, but Rambova did not.

paragraph: While her association with Valentino lent Rambova a celebrity typically afforded to actors, their professional collaborations showed-up their differences more than their similarities, and she did not contribute to any of his successful films in spite of serving as his manager. In "The Young Rajah" (1922) she designed authentic Indian costumes that tended to compromise his Latin lover image, and the film was a major flop. She also supported his one-man strike against Famous Players-Lasky, which left him temporarily banned from movie work. In the interval, they performed a promotional dance-tour for Mineralava Beauty Products, to keep his name in the spotlight, though when they reached her hometown of Salt Lake City, and she was billed as "The Little Pigtailed Shaughnessy Girl", Rambova was deeply insulted. In 1923, Rambova helped design the costumes for friend Alla Nazimova in "Salomé", inspired by the work of Aubrey Beardsley. Beginning in February 1924, she accompanied Valentino on a trip abroad that was profiled in 26 installments published "Movie Weekly" over the course of six months.

paragraph: Rambova's later work with Valentino was characterised by elaborate and costly preparations for films that either flopped or never manifested. These included "Monsieur Beaucaire", "The Sainted Devil", and "The Hooded Falcon" (a film that Rambova co-wrote, but was never realized). By this time, critics and the press were beginning to blame Rambova's excessive control for these failures. United Artists went so far as to offer Valentino an exclusive contract with the stipulation that Rambova had no negotiating power, and was disallowed from even visiting the sets of his films. After this, Rambova was offered $30,000 to create a film of her choosing, which resulted in the production of "What Price Beauty?", a drama which she co-produced and co-wrote. In 1925, Rambova and Valentino separated, and an acrimonious divorce ensued.

paragraph: After the divorce proceedings began, Rambova moved on to other ventures: On March 2, 1926, she patented a doll she had designed with a "combined coverlet", and also produced and starred in her own picture, "Do Clothes Make the Woman?" with Clive Brook (now lost). However, the distributor took the opportunity to bill her as 'Mrs. Valentino' and changed the title to "When Love Grows Cold"; Rambova was horrified by the title change. The film did garner press due to it being Rambova's first screen credit, however. An Oregon newspaper teased before a screening: "Natacha Rambova (Mrs. Rudolph Valentino) ... So much has been written of this remarkable lady who won and lost the heart of the great Valentino that everyone wants to see her. Tonight is your opportunity to do so." The film, however, was not well received by critics; a review in "Picture Play" deemed the film "the poorest picture of the month, or of almost any month, for that matter," adding: "The interiors are bad, the costumes atrocious. Miss Rambova is not well dressed, nor does she film well, in the slightest degree." After its release, Rambova never worked in film, on or offscreen, again. Three months later, Valentino died unexpectedly of peritonitis, leaving Rambova inconsolable, and she purportedly locked herself in her bedroom for three days. Though she did not attend his funeral, she sent a telegram to Valentino's business manager George Ullman, requesting he be buried in her family crypt at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx (a request Ullman denied).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Writing and fashion design.

paragraph: After Valentino's death, Rambova relocated to New York City. There, she immersed herself in several endeavors, appearing in vaudeville at the Palace Theatre and writing a semi-fictional play entitled "All that Glitters", which detailed her relationship with Valentino, and concluded in a fictionalized happy reconciliation. She also published the 1926 memoir, "Rudy: An Intimate Portrait by His Wife Natacha Rambova", which contains memories of her life with him. The following year, a second memoir was published entitled "Rudolph Valentino Recollections" (a variation of "Rudy: An Intimate Portrait"), in which she prefaces an addended final chapter by asking that only those "ready to accept the truth" read on; what follows is a detailed letter supposedly communicated by Valentino's spirit from an astral plane, which Rambova claimed to have received during an automatic writing session. While residing in New York, she frequently arranged séances with medium George Wehner, and claimed to have made contact with Valentino's spirit on several occasions. Rambova also appeared in supporting parts in two original 1927 Broadway productions: "Set a Thief", a drama written by Edward E. Paramore, Jr., and "Creoles", a comedy written by Kenneth Perkins and Samuel Shipman.

paragraph: In June 1928, she opened an elite couture shop on Fifth Avenue and West 55th street in Manhattan, which sold Russian-inspired clothing that Rambova herself designed. Her clientele included Broadway and Hollywood actresses such as Beulah Bondi and Mae Murray. On opening the shop, she commented: "I'm in business, not exactly because I need the money, but because it enables me to give vent to an artistic urge." In addition to clothing, the shop also carried jewelry, although it is unknown if it was designed by Rambova or imported. By late 1931, Rambova had grown uneasy about the economic situation of the United States during the Great Depression, and feared the country would experience a drastic revolution. This led her close her shop and formally retire from commercial fashion design, leaving the United States to live in Juan-les-Pins, France in 1932. On a yacht cruise to the Balearic Islands, she met her second husband Álvaro de Urzáiz, a British-educated Spanish aristocrat, whom she married in 1932. They lived together on the island of Mallorca and restored abandoned Spanish villas for tourists, a venture financed by Rambova's inheritance from her stepfather.

paragraph: It was during her marriage to Urzáiz that Rambova first toured Egypt in January 1936, visiting the ancient monuments in Memphis, Luxor, and Thebes. While there, she met archeologist Howard Carter, and became fascinated by the country and its history, which had a profound effect on her. "I felt as if I had at last returned home," she said. "The first few days I was there I couldn't stop the tears streaming from my eyes. It was not sadness, but some emotional impact from the past–a returning to a place once loved after too long a time." Upon returning to Spain, Urzáiz became a naval commander for the pro-fascist nationalist side during the Spanish Civil War. Rambova fled the country to a familial château in Nice, where she suffered a heart attack at age forty. Soon after, she and Urzáiz separated. Rambova remained in France until the Nazi invasion in June 1940, upon which she returned to New York.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Egyptology and scholarly work.

paragraph: Rambova's interest in the metaphysical evolved significantly during the 1940s, and she became an avid supporter of the Bollingen Foundation, through which she believed she could see a past life in Egypt. Rambova was also follower of Helena Blavatsky and George Gurdjieff, and conducted classes in her Manhattan apartment about myths, symbolism and comparative religion. She also began publishing articles on healing, astrology, yoga, post-war rehabilitation, and numerous other topics, some of which appeared in "American Astrology" and "Harper's Bazaar". In 1945, the Old Dominion (a predecessor to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation) awarded Rambova a grant-in-aid of USD$500 for "making a collection of essential cosmological symbols for a proposed archive of comparative universal symbolism." Rambova intended to use her research to generate a book, which she wanted Ananda Coomaraswamy to write, with the principal themes derived from astrology, theosophy, and Atlantis. In an undated letter to Mary Mellon, she wrote:

paragraph: Rambova's intellectual investment in Egypt also led her to undertake work deciphering ancient scarabs and tomb inscriptions, which she began researching in 1946. Initially, she believed she would find evidence of a connection between ancient Egyptian belief systems and those of ancient American cultures. While researching at the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale in Cairo, she met the institute's director, Alexandre Piankoff, with whom she established a rapport based on their shared interest in Egyptology. Piankoff introduced her to his French translation of the Book of Caverns, a royal funerary text, which he was working on at the time. "To my amazement, I found that it contains all the most important esoteric material," Rambova wrote. "I can only compare it to the Coptic "Pistis Sophia", the Tibetan "Voice of the Silence", and the Hindu Sutras of Patanjali. It is what I have been looking for for years."

paragraph: Her interest in the Book of Caverns led her to abandon her studies of scarabs, and she began translating Piankoff's French translation into English, an endeavor she felt "was the main purpose and point" of her studies in Egypt. She secured a second two-year grant of US$50,000 through the Mellon and Bollingen Foundations (a considerably large grant for the time) to help Piankoff photograph and publish his work on the Book of Caverns. In the winter of 1949–50, she joined Piankoff and Elizabeth Thomas in Luxor to undertake further studies. In the spring of 1950, the group was given permission to photograph and study inscriptions on golden shrines that had once enclosed the sarcophagus of Tutankhamun, after which they toured the Pyramid of Unas at Saqqara.

paragraph: After completing the expedition in Egypt, Rambova returned to the United States, where, in 1954, she donated her extensive collection of Egyptian artifacts (accumulated over years of research) to the University of Utah's Museum of Fine Arts (UMFA). She settled in New Milford, Connecticut, where she spent the following several years working as an editor on the first three volumes of Piankoff's series "Egyptian Texts and Religious Representations", which was based on the research he had done with Rambova and Thomas. The first volume was "The Tomb of Ramesses VI" published in 1954, followed by "The Shrines of Tut-Ankh-Amon" in 1955. During this time, she kept regular correspondence with fellow Egyptologists William C. Hayes and Richard Parker.

paragraph: For the third volume of Piankoff's series, "Mythological Papyri" (published in 1957), Rambova contributed her own chapter in which she discussed semiotics in Egyptian papyri. Rambova continued to write and research intensely into her sixties, often working twelve hours per day. In the years prior to her death, she was working on a manuscript examining texts from the Pyramid of Unas for a translation by Piankoff. This manuscript, which exceeds a thousand pages, was donated to the Brooklyn Museum after her death. Two additional manuscripts were also left behind, which are part of Yale University's Yale in Egypt collection: "The Cosmic Circuit: Religious Origins of the Zodiac" and "The Mystery Pattern in Ancient Symbolism: A Philosophic Interpretation".

paragraph: Section::::Later life and death.

paragraph: In the early 1950s Rambova developed scleroderma, which significantly affected her throat, impeding her ability to swallow and speak. She also grew delusional, believing that she was being poisoned, and quit eating, resulting in malnourishment. On September 29, 1965, she was discovered going "berserk" in a hotel elevator in Manhattan. Rambova was admitted to Lenox Hill Hospital, where she was diagnosed with paranoid psychosis brought on by malnutrition.

paragraph: With her health in rapid decline, Rambova's cousin, Ann Wollen, relocated her from her home in Connecticut to California, in order to help take care of her. There, Rambova was admitted to Methodist Hospital in Arcadia. On January 19, 1966 (her 69th birthday), she was relocated to a nursing home at Las Encinas Hospital in Pasadena. She died there six months later of a heart attack on June 5, 1966 at the age of 69. At her wishes, Rambova was cremated, and her ashes were scattered in a forest in northern Arizona.

paragraph: Section::::Claims regarding personal life.

paragraph: Claims that Rambova was bisexual or homosexual trace back to at least 1975 when they appeared in Kenneth Anger's "Hollywood Babylon", in which it is written that Rambova claimed to have never consummated her marriage with Rudolph Valentino. This has led some historians to refer to the couple's union as a "lavender marriage." The claim, however, is at odds with the grounds of Valentino's 1922 arrest after the couple's wedding: he was arrested and jailed for consummating the marriage in Palm Springs, California despite still being legally married to Jean Acker. Discussion of Rambova's sexuality continued to appear in academic and biographical texts throughout the 1980s and beyond.

paragraph: The basis of the claim is an alleged relationship Rambova had with Alla Nazimova, her friend and peer while Rambova was beginning her career in film design. Similar inferences have been made about others in Nazimova's social circle, including Marlene Dietrich, Eva Le Gallienne, and Greta Garbo.

paragraph: Whether Rambova was bisexual or homosexual is unclear; some have disputed such claims, including journalist David Wallace, who dismisses it as rumor in his 2002 book "Lost Hollywood". Biographer Morris also disputes the claim, writing in his epilogue of "Madam Valentino" that "the convenient ... allegation that Rambova was a lesbian collapses when one scrutinizes the facts." Additionally, a close friend of writer Mercedes de Acosta (also an alleged lover of Nazimova) told Morris that she believed Rambova and Nazimova's relationship was nothing other than platonic. Rambova's friend Dorothy Norman also stated that Rambova had been "displeased" by De Acosta's controversial 1960 autobiography, which implied she was bisexual or homosexual, as it had "cast her in an improper light." In his 1996 book "The Silent Feminists", however, Anthony Slide stated that "all who [knew] Rambova deny that she was a gay woman."

paragraph: Section::::Cultural significance.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural significance.:Design and fashion.

paragraph: Rambova was one of the few women in Hollywood during the 1920s to serve as a head art designer in film productions. At the time, her costume and set designs were considered "highly stylized," and divided opinion among critics. A 1925 "Picture Play" magazine profile on "What Price Beauty?" noted the "bizarre" effects present, adding: "Miss Rambova insists the picture will be popular in its appeal, and not, as one might think, "arty."" Rambova's sets incorporated shimmering shades of silver and white against sharp ""moderne"" lines, and blended elements of Bauhaus and Asian-inspired geometries.

paragraph: Commenting on her career in film, design historian Robert La Vine proclaimed Rambova one of the "most inventive designers ... ever," also noting her as one of few who crafted both sets and costumes. Film historian Robert Klepper wrote of her designs in "Camille" (1921): "In evaluating the film today, one has to give art director Natacha Rambova her due credit for her vision as an artist. The deco sets are beautiful, and the ultra modern design was far ahead of its time. Although Rambova may have influenced her future husband Valentino to make some bad business decisions, her talent as an artist cannot be denied." Historian Pat Kirkham also praised her contributions to film, writing that she created "some of the most visually unified films in Hollywood history." Costume historian Deborah Landis named Rambova's white rubberized tunic (worn by Alla Nazimova) and the Art Deco-inspired imagery of "Salome" (1922) among the "most memorable in motion picture history."

paragraph: Though her work in both set and costume design has been deemed influential by film and fashion historians alike, Rambova herself claimed to "loathe fashion," adding:

paragraph: Thus, Rambova's approach to fashion design in her post-film career was conscious of the individual, a practice which textile historian Heather Vaughn suggests was carried over from her past designing movie costumes for "individual character types." Vaughn adds: "While not necessarily an innovator of fashion, her Hollywood cachet and ability to synthesize fashion and traditional cultures allowed her to create designs and a personal style that continues to fascinate."

paragraph: Rambova's clothing designs drew on various influences, described by fashion critics as blending and re-working elements of Renaissance, 18th-century, Oriental, Grecian, Russian, and Victorian fashion. Common preferences in her work included the dolman sleeve, long skirts with high waists, premium velvets, and intricate embroidery, as well as incorporation of geometric shapes and use of "vivid colors ... that are violent and de nite. Scarlets, vermilions, strong blues, [and] blazoning purples." She was cited as influential by several designers with whom she worked, including Norman Norell, Adrian, and Irene Sharaff. Rambova typically dressed in the style of her designs, and thus her personal style was also influential: She often wore her hair in coiled "ballerina style" braids, sometimes covered in a headscarf or turban, with dangling earrings and calf-length velvet or brocade skirts. Actress Myrna Loy once proclaimed Rambova the "most beautiful woman she'd ever seen." In 2003, Rambova was posthumously inducted into the Costume Designers' Guild Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural significance.:Scholarly influence.

paragraph: Rambova's scholarly work has been regarded as significant by contemporary academics in the fields of Egyptology and history: Archaeologist Barbara Lesko notes that her contribution to Piankoff's "Mythological Papyri" "demonstrates her organizational skills and her commitment to searching out truths and does not reek of unfounded theories or other eccentricity." Rambova's research, specifically her metaphysical interpretations of texts, has been deemed useful by Egyptologists Rudolph Anthes, Edward Wente, and Erik Hornung. In the 1950s, Rambova donated her extensive collection of Egyptian artifacts to the University of Utah, displayed in the Utah Museum of Fine Arts's Natacha Rambova Collection of Egyptian Antiquities. Both Rambova and her mother were credited as "vital" to the establishment of the museum through their donations of paintings, furniture, and artifacts.

paragraph: Section::::Depictions in art and film.

paragraph: Rambova has been depicted across several mediums, including visual art, film, and television: She was the subject of a 1925 painting by Serbian artist Paja Jovanović (donated by her mother to the UMFA in 1949). In 1975, she was portrayed by Yvette Mimieux in Melville Shavelson's television film "The Legend of Valentino" (1975), and again by Michelle Phillips in Ken Russell's feature film "Valentino" (1977). Ksenia Jarova later portrayed her in the American silent film "Silent Life" (2016), and she also figured in a fictionalized narrative in the network series "" (2015), played by Alexandra Daddario.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Authored works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rambova, Natacha (February 1942 – June 1943). "Astrological Psycho-Chemistry". "American Astrology".

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zumaya, Evelyn, "Affairs Valentino". The Rudolph Valentino Society and Publishing LLC, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Scholarly resources.:Film design.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Natacha Rambova at the Women Film Pioneers Project, Columbia University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scan of article on Rambova in "Dress" (Vol. 33), 2006, Costume Society of America

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Scholarly resources.:Egyptology.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Natacha Rambova papers at the Library of Congress

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalog of artifacts donated by Rambova to the University of Utah (from the Utah Museum of Fine Art's Ancient Egyptian Art collection)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Natacha Rambova Archive at Yale University (Yale in Egypt collection)

description: American film personality and fashion designer

enwikiquote_title: Natacha Rambova

wikidata_label: Natacha Rambova

wikipedia_title: Natacha Rambova