text:
Brigadier General
Continental Army
American Revolutionary War
Province of Massachusetts Bay
French and Indian War
Rogers' Rangers
brutal raids
Expulsion of the Acadians
Siege of Quebec
British Army
Montreal
Canada
Gabriel Christie
invasion of Quebec
Continental Army
Battle of Quebec
2nd Canadian
Philadelphia campaign
Yorktown
Congress
Haverhill
Province of Massachusetts Bay
New England
Puritan
Battle of Sainte-Foy
French and Indian War
Fort William Henry
Lake George
Robert Rogers
Rogers' Rangers
Siege of Louisbourg
Fort Edward
Saint John, New Brunswick
Fort St. Anne
a campaign
Acadian
expulsion of the Acadians
Jeffery Amherst
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
Battle of Sainte-Foy
Lieutenant
44th Regiment of Foot
British Army
Montreal
James Murray
Gabriel Christie
Richelieu River
seigneuries
Fort Saint-Jean
Saint-Jean
Lake Champlain
justice of the peace
Thomas Gage
New York City
Haverhill, New Hampshire
Connecticut River
Newbury
Vermont
Bradford, Vermont
American Revolutionary War
George Washington
Bayley Hazen Military Road
Saint John River
New Brunswick
Thomas Gage
Frederick Haldimand
William Johnson
Thomas Hutchinson
Revolutionary War
Benedict Arnold
capture of Fort Ticonderoga
Guy Carleton
Quebec
invasion of Quebec
Philip Schuyler
habitant
James Livingston
Chambly
1st Canadian Regiment
Richard Montgomery
besiege Fort St. Jean
John Brown
sortie
Charles Preston
Claude de Lorimier
Richard Prescott
Battle of Quebec
Edward Antill
Second Continental Congress
Philadelphia
colonel
Continental Army
2nd Canadian Regiment
brigadier general
David Wooster
Timothy Bedel
The Cedars
Battle of The Cedars
Fort Chambly
Fort Ticonderoga
Albany
Fishkill, New York
Thirteen Colonies
Princeton
Philadelphia campaign
John Sullivan
Battle of Staten Island
Battle of Brandywine
Battle of Germantown
2nd
4th
6th Maryland Regiment
Saint Francis, Quebec
Bayley Hazen Military Road
Peacham
Hazens Notch
expedition under general Sullivan
Morristown, New Jersey
Baron von Steuben
Enoch Poor
West Point
John André
Benjamin Mooers
brigade
Lafayette
Siege of Yorktown
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Charles Asgill
Marie Antoinette
New York
Troy, New York
Congress
Society of the Cincinnati
Bayley Hazen Military Road
Hazen Union School
Hazen at the Battle of Sainte-Foy
Moses Hazen with the Rogers' Rangers
Moses Hazen Biography

categories: Continental Army officers from Canada,People of colonial Massachusetts,People of Massachusetts in the American Revolution,1733 births,Military personnel from Troy, New York,People from Haverhill, Massachusetts,Canadian justices of the peace,1803 deaths,Continental Army generals,44th Regiment of Foot officers,People of Massachusetts in the French and Indian War

paragraph: Moses Hazen

paragraph: Moses Hazen (June 1, 1733 – February 5, 1803) was a Brigadier General in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Born in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, he saw action in the French and Indian War with Rogers' Rangers. His service included particularly brutal raids, during the Expulsion of the Acadians and the 1759 Siege of Quebec. He was formally commissioned into the British Army, shortly before the war ended, and retired on half-pay outside Montreal, Canada, where he and Gabriel Christie, another British officer, made extensive land purchases in partnership. During his lifetime he acquired land in Quebec, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, but lost most of his Quebec land due to litigation, with Christie and the negative effects of the Revolution.

paragraph: In 1775 he became involved in the American invasion of Quebec early in the American Revolutionary War, and served with the Continental Army, in the 1775 Battle of Quebec. He went on to lead his own regiment, (the 2nd Canadian, also known as "Congress' Own") throughout the war, seeing action in the 1777 Philadelphia campaign and at Yorktown in 1781. He was frequently involved in litigation, both military and civil, and constantly petitioned Congress for compensation of losses and expenses incurred due to the war. He supported similar efforts by men from his regiment who were unable to return to Quebec because of their support for the American war effort.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Moses Hazen was born in Haverhill, a frontier town in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, to an old New England Puritan family. Histories that mention Hazen sometimes indicate that he was Jewish, however a genealogist documents Hazen's lineage to England, where the family name was Hassen. Some contemporaries of Hazen seem to have thought he was Jewish; for example, Sergeant James Thompson, in his diary "The Fraser’s Highlanders", describes meeting him during the retreat from the Battle of Sainte-Foy: "On the way, I fell in with a Captain Moses Hazen, a jew".

paragraph: Section::::French and Indian War.

paragraph: Hazen was apprenticed to a tanner when the French and Indian War broke out. In 1756, he enlisted with the local militia, which included a number of family members. He first served at Fort William Henry near Lake George, where he probably first met, and may have served under, Robert Rogers of Rogers' Rangers. Rogers eventually recommended him for an officer's commission in a new company of the Rangers; in 1758, after having worked for his brother providing supplies for the British Siege of Louisbourg, he was commissioned as a first lieutenant in John McCurdy's company of the Rangers at Fort Edward. In McCurdy's company, he saw action at Louisbourg, including the initial landings, when the action was quite fierce.

paragraph: After Louisbourg, the company was stationed first at Fort Frederick (Saint John, New Brunswick), and then at Fort St. Anne, where the company was part of a campaign against Indians and Acadians that had taken refuge there from the ongoing expulsion of the Acadians. These raids were sometimes quite brutal; the company was known to scalp Acadian settlers. In one particularly brutal incident, Hazen was responsible for the scalping of six men, and the burning of four others, along with two women and three children, in a house he set on fire. Joseph Bellefontaine, a leader of the local militia and the father of one of the women, claimed that he was forced to witness this event in an attempt to coerce his cooperation with the rangers. (Bellefontaine escaped into the woods with two of his grandchildren.) General Jeffery Amherst, who did not hear of the incident until after he had promoted Hazen to captain, noted, "I am sorry that to say what I have since heard of that affair has sullied his merit with me as I shall always disapprove of killing women and helpless children."

paragraph: In January 1759, Captain McCurdy was killed when a tree felled by one of his men fell on him; Hazen was given command of the company. Later in 1759, his company was at the siege of Quebec, where the company was primarily engaged in scouting and raiding in the countryside; he was away on one of those raids during the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. In another notable atrocity that may have involved Hazen's company, a priest and thirty parishioners in a parish near Quebec were killed and scalped.

paragraph: Hazen also fought at the 1760 Battle of Sainte-Foy, where he was severely wounded in the thigh. In February 1761, he purchased a commission as a first Lieutenant in the 44th Regiment of Foot in the British Army. He spent the remainder of the war on garrison duty at Montreal, retiring on half-pay in 1763. General James Murray wrote approvingly of Hazen in 1761, "He discovered so much still bravery and good conduct as would justly entitle him to every military reward he could ask or demand".

paragraph: Section::::Land development.

paragraph: During the siege of Quebec, Hazen had met Gabriel Christie, then a deputy quartermaster. Christie owned some land in the Richelieu River valley south of Montreal, and wanted to expand his holdings. (Christie later became one of the largest landowners in Quebec.) After the war, Christie and Hazen jointly purchased the seigneuries of Sabrevois and Bleury, located on the east bank of the Richelieu near Fort Saint-Jean. They also leased land on the west side of river from the Baron of Longueuil. These holdings gave them almost exclusive control over the land holdings around Saint-Jean, which is the northernmost navigable point reachable from Lake Champlain.

paragraph: Christie, who was still in military service, was frequently away from the land, so Hazen developed the land while Christie provided the funding. Hazen constructed a manor house at Iberville, and two mills, and set about selling timber and other business endeavours. In 1765, Hazen was also appointed a deputy land surveyor, and a justice of the peace. As part of his business dealings, he offered General Thomas Gage, then in command of British forces in New York City, facilities and lumber for military use. Gage was uninterested at the time, letting Hazen know that he would keep the offer in mind, if the need for military movements became necessary in the area.

paragraph: Hazen expanded the business of the seigneuries, but his aggressive development also incurred debts, which caused friction with Christie. In 1770, Christie, unhappy with the debts, eventually demanded an accounting. This ultimately led to a division of the holdings, with Hazen receiving the southern portion of the Bleury seigneurage, styled Bleury-Sud. Hazen and Christie were in and out of court for years afterward over control of these lands; Christie eventually won complete control over those lands after the American Revolution.

paragraph: In 1762 Hazen's brother John settled Haverhill, New Hampshire, in the far north of that province on the east side of the Connecticut River, and in 1764 Jacob Bayley settled Newbury, in what is now Vermont, across the river from Haverhill. Hazen had shares in both of these settlements; he also acquired land west of the Connecticut River in what is now Bradford, Vermont. It was at this time that the idea of constructing a road from there to Saint-Jean was first raised; this idea surfaced again during the American Revolutionary War, when George Washington authorized construction of what became known as the Bayley Hazen Military Road.

paragraph: His land developments continued to grow in 1764 when he joined the Saint John River Society, and organization created by a group of military officers for the purpose of developing land along the Saint John River, then in Nova Scotia (now New Brunswick). His coinvestors included Thomas Gage, Frederick Haldimand, William Johnson, and Thomas Hutchinson.

paragraph: In the fall of 1770 Hazen married Charlotte de la Saussaye, a woman from a good family in Montreal. They settled down near Saint-Jean, where they built a house and began farming.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Continental Army service.

paragraph: At the start of the Revolutionary War, in 1775, Hazen was living on half-pay in Saint-Jean. When Benedict Arnold raided Fort Saint-Jean on May 18, Hazen reported the news of that raid (as well as the capture of Fort Ticonderoga) first to the military authorities in Montreal, and then to Governor Guy Carleton in Quebec, before returning home to consider the consequences the conflict might have on him and his lands.

paragraph: The American invasion of Quebec arrived near his home at Saint-Jean on September 6. On that day, Hazen met with General Philip Schuyler, explaining to him that Fort Saint-Jean was well-defended and unlikely to be taken by siege, and that the local habitants were unlikely to assist the American effort. This gloomy portrait led Schuyler to consider retreating; but the arrival of additional American troops, and a more optimistic assessment from James Livingston, a grain merchant living near Chambly, encouraged the Americans to renew the attack. Livingston went on to form the 1st Canadian Regiment in November 1775.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Imprisonment and release.

paragraph: On September 17, Brigadier General Richard Montgomery, now commanding the American forces, began to besiege Fort St. Jean. The next day, a detachment of American forces under the command of John Brown arrested Hazen north of the fort. However, a British sortie from the fort forced Brown's men to retreat; Hazen ended up in British hands. Major Charles Preston, the British commander, was mistrustful of Hazen, and sent him to Montreal under the guard of Claude de Lorimier. Brigadier General Richard Prescott, unhappy with Hazen's explanations of his movements, imprisoned him.

paragraph: He was held in poor conditions for 54 days. Following the fall of Fort St. Jean, the British withdrew from Montreal, transporting prisoners on one of the many ships used in the evacuation. Most of this British fleet was captured by the Americans, who released Hazen and other political prisoners who had supported them. Unhappy with the treatment he received by the British, Hazen joined the American forces, which were on their way to Quebec City. He did this in spite of the fact that the Americans had done significant damage to his estate during the siege, plundering the estate for supplies, and using his house as a barracks.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Service in Quebec.

paragraph: Hazen served in the Battle of Quebec, and was one of two men (the other was Edward Antill) sent to report the devastating loss to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia. The Congress, in recognition for his efforts, gave Hazen a commission as a colonel, leading the Continental Army's 2nd Canadian Regiment. (Antill was commissioned the regiment's lieutenant colonel.) The regiment was often referred to as "Hazen's" or "Congress' Own", the latter because the regiment was established by Congress and was not part of any state quotas. Hazen was initially offered a position as brigadier general, but he refused, requesting instead a colonel's commission, and indemnification against losses caused by the conflict. (His property had already been significantly damaged by the American action around St. Jean.) Hazen was fortunate in arriving in Philadelphia before John Duggan, one of Livingston's captains, to whom Benedict Arnold had earlier promised the commission for the 2nd Canadian.

paragraph: Hazen and Antill returned to Quebec, where Hazen was stationed at Montreal while Antill recruited men for the regiment. Hazen was briefly in command of the defenses of Montreal for the Americans, from late March to mid-April 1776, when General David Wooster took command of the American forces outside Quebec, and Benedict Arnold assumed command of the Montreal garrison. During the time he was in command, Hazen dispatched Timothy Bedel and 390 men to fortify The Cedars, about upriver from Montreal; these forces surrendered to a British-Native force during the Battle of The Cedars in May.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Trouble with Arnold.

paragraph: Following Arnold's assumption of command at Montreal, Hazen's regiment was assigned to garrison duty at Fort Chambly. Hazen (and likely his men) were called as reinforcements to assist in the American response to the action at The Cedars. In council, Hazen and Arnold had a heated exchange over what actions to take; in Arnold's opinion, Hazen's behavior bordered on insubordination. Arnold had previously held a high opinion of Hazen, writing that he was "a sensible, judicious officer, and well acquainted with this country".

paragraph: During the American retreat from Quebec in May and June 1776, Hazen and Arnold were embroiled in a dispute that led to charges and counter-charges, courts martial and other hearings, lasting into 1779. At issue were supplies that Arnold had ordered seized from merchants in Montreal and sent to Chambly for eventual shipment south as part of the retreat. Hazen, in charge of the facilities at Chambly, refused to sign for the goods, as he recognized them as the property of friends in Montreal. In the ensuing retreat, most of these goods were plundered and lost. Arnold wanted to immediately court-martial Hazen for failing to follow orders, but the arriving British army delayed any such activity until the army's return to Fort Ticonderoga. Arnold's opinion of Hazen clearly changed; he wrote, "This is not the first or last order Col. Hazen has disobeyed. I think him a man of too much consequence for the post he is in."

paragraph: Hazen's court martial was held on July 19, 1776; he was honorably acquitted. However, there were irregularities in the proceedings, the judge advocate being the same officer, who had delivered the goods, from Montreal, to Chambly, so he did not testify; Arnold continued to attack Hazen afterwards. In December, 1776, another inquiry was held, and Hazen was again cleared of any wrongdoing. Hazen then countercharged Arnold with the plundering of the Montreal merchants; Arnold was not cleared of these charges until a higher-level inquiry in 1777.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Building his regiment.

paragraph: Hazen's regiment, which was significantly reduced in size by the retreat from Quebec, was assigned first to Ticonderoga, and then to Albany, in the summer and fall of 1776, before being ordered to winter quarters at Fishkill, New York. During this time, Hazen continued recruiting, receiving permission from Congress to recruit anywhere in the United States. In the northern states he ran into difficulties, as those states were having trouble filling their own regimental lines; he was often outbid by other recruiters. Antill, who recruited in the central states (primarily New Jersey, Maryland, and Pennsylvania), had greater success. By June 1777, the regiment reached about 700 members, out of an authorized strength of 1,000. The cultural differences between the original Quebec enlistees and the new recruits from the Thirteen Colonies was a regular source of friction within the regiment, and Hazen consequently kept the French-speakers in companies separated from the English-speakers.

paragraph: Hazen also submitted to Congress a claim for damages to his estate in Quebec. The original bill was for $11,363; Congress paid $2,595 in October 1776.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Philadelphia campaign.

paragraph: In May 1777, Hazen's regiment was ordered to join the main army at Princeton, where it was active in the Philadelphia campaign as part of John Sullivan's brigade. Some of Hazen's companies (but not Hazen himself) participated in the Battle of Staten Island; in this action, Antill was captured. Hazen's command during the Battle of Brandywine included the northern (right) end of the American line; this position was one of those flanked by the British in their attack. Hazen made an early report indicating the presence of British troops on the American flank that turned out to be the main British thrust. His report was dismissed by General Sullivan, who wrote, after receiving other reports, that "Colo. Hazen's Information must be wrong." To Sullivan's detriment, the other reports were wrong, and Hazen's was correct; the British flanking maneuver was instrumental in the American loss of the battle. Hazen's regiment lost 4 officers and 73 men in the battle. In the Battle of Germantown, Hazen commanded a brigade that included in addition to his own regiment, the 2nd, 4th, and 6th Maryland Regiments. They formed part of Sullivan's column when it marched on the town; his regiment lost 3 officers and 19 men in the engagement.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Bayley-Hazen Road proposed.

paragraph: Hazen, ever since his return to the United States in 1776, had maintained a constant stream of communications with Congress, primarily on the subject of Canada. In January 1778, these communications bore some fruit, when, with French assistance, planning for an invasion of Canada began. Hazen was assigned the job of deputy quartermaster for this operation. However, the planning was hampered by supply and staffing difficulties, and never got off the ground. It was ultimately cancelled by Congress in March 1778.

paragraph: This failure did not deter Hazen from offering a new route for invading Canada. This route went from Newbury, where Hazen owned land and knew the area, to Saint Francis, Quebec. On July 12, Hazen departed Newbury to scout the route. By July 25, he had returned to White Plains; the effort was abandoned for the time being because the manpower was needed in the New York area. Plans for possible attacks against Quebec based on routes departing from the Newbury area were again contemplated in the fall of 1778, but Washington continued to resist the idea.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Construction work on the road.

paragraph: In the spring and summer of 1779, Hazen's regiment and that of Timothy Bedel worked on construction of the Bayley Hazen Military Road, once again with the eventual goal of launching an invasion. Part of the road, between Newbury and Peacham had been constructed in 1776 by Jacob Bayley. Hazen supervised the development of the road up to what is now called Hazens Notch in northern Vermont. Work was discontinued on the road in August after word was received that the British were preparing a military force at Saint-Jean to attempt capture of the construction crew. General Washington had never intended to send an invasion along this route; the entire works was a ruse to divert British attention, and deter them from launching an invasion. Washington wrote to Congress that the work "was for the purpose of exciting jealousies at Quebec and at the Enemy's posts on the St. lawrence, and of making a diversion in favor of the late expedition under general Sullivan ... this very happily succeeded".

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Service around New York.

paragraph: Hazen and his regiment spent the winter at Washington's main encampment in Morristown, New Jersey. There Hazen was again involved in litigation; he was rejected for service on a court martial considering charges against Benedict Arnold due to their previous confrontations, and he also opened complaints of supply mismanagement during the summer's roadbuilding activities. A detailed review of the army in the spring of 1780 by Baron von Steuben led to the recommendation that the regiments of Hazen and Livingston be merged, as Livingston's had shrunk to 103 men. Hazen and Livingston had a political tussle over seniority; although Hazen lost the claim to seniority, he ended up in command of the combined regiment.

paragraph: In January 1780 the regiment was involved in a failed attack on Staten Island; word of the operation leaked to the British. Hazen's regiment was then transferred to the brigade of Enoch Poor. By the time the transfer was effected, Hazen was given command of the entire brigade, although repeated requests he had made for promotion to brigadier general were rejected. During the summer the brigade was relocated to the West Point area. While en route, Hazen allowed his men to stop for water, breaking the army column. Von Steuben ordered Hazen's arrest for this transgression of military discipline. Hazen was acquitted, and promptly countercharged von Steuben with behavior unbecoming an officer and gentleman; von Steuben apologized.

paragraph: Hazen's regiment was garrisoned opposite West Point that fall when British Major John André was captured and General Arnold defected. One hundred of Hazen's men, including his nephew, Benjamin Mooers, witnessed André's hanging.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.:Yorktown.

paragraph: On June 29, 1781, Hazen was finally promoted to Brigadier General and assigned command of a brigade under Lafayette during the Siege of Yorktown. Hazen's brigade served on the right of the line, and was deeply involved in the October 14 battles for the redoubts.

paragraph: Following the British surrender, Hazen and his unit were given prisoner guard duty at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. While on this duty, a misstep by Hazen caused a minor diplomatic incident, known as the "Asgill Affair". The British accused an American soldier of spying, and were threatening to hang him. George Washington threatened to hang a British soldier if this happened, and instructed Hazen to choose an officer whose rank was similar to that of the accused American. The man he chose by lot, Charles Asgill, should have been ineligible for selection due to the terms of the Yorktown surrender. The accused American was eventually acquitted, but Asgill's plight drew the attention of Marie Antoinette; Washington received a letter from the French foreign minister asking for a pardon.

paragraph: During the winter of 1781–2 Hazen also took time off for personal business. Among his dealings was a partnership with Timothy Bedel to acquire land along the military road they had built in Vermont.

paragraph: Section::::After the war.

paragraph: After the war, General Hazen, unable to return to Quebec, received a grant of land in northern New York. He was active for many years on behalf of the men who served under him and their families, especially those that originally came from Quebec, in their quest for compensation for their losses. He also continued his litigious ways—he was involved in an ongoing string of legal actions until his death. He died in 1803 in Troy, New York where he was buried. His nephew, Benjamin Mooers, was ultimately responsible for untangling many of Hazen's affairs.

paragraph: On May 26, 1828, Congress authorized a payment of $3,998.81 to Hazen's heirs in compensation for the half-pay lost to him when he joined the American forces.

paragraph: Hazen was an original member of the Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- namesake of Bayley Hazen Military Road

paragraph: BULLET::::- namesake of Hazen Union School

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hazen at the Battle of Sainte-Foy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moses Hazen with the Rogers' Rangers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moses Hazen Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online (by Allan Everest)

description: American general

wikidata_label: Moses Hazen

wikipedia_title: Moses Hazen


text: bin

text: Cyrenaica

text: Eastern Libya

text: Senussi

text: Italian colonization of Libya

text: Senussi movement

text: Islamic world

text: Libyan resistance movement

text: Pacification of Libya

text: Solonta

text: French colonization of Chad

text: British occupation of Egypt

text: Zanzur

text: Tobruk

text: Libyan Ashrafs

text: Cyrenaica

text: Ottoman

text: Sharif El Gariani

text: Jaghbub

text: Tariqa

text: Quran

text: imam

text: Kufra

text: sheikh

text: Colonial French advanced on Chad

text: Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi

text: Regia Marina

text: Ottoman Turkish

text: Tripoli

text: Benghazi

text: Cyrenaica

text: Qur'an

text: desert warfare

text: Regio Esercito

text: Jebel Akhdar

text: Ernesto Bombelli

text: Egypt

text: Giarabub

text: Attilio Teruzzi

text: Raheiba

text: Senusi

text: Marshal

text: Pietro Badoglio

text: Governor of Libya

text: General

text: Rodolfo Graziani

text: Emilio De Bono

text: Benito Mussolini

text: Slonta

text: General

text: Rodolfo Graziani

text: Slonta

text: dinar

text: Lion of the Desert

text: Anthony Quinn

text: Oliver Reed

text: Irene Papas

text: Rodolfo Graziani

text: Muammar Gaddafi

text: Rome

text: Libyan Civil War

text: masjid

text: Kuwait City

text: Gaza City

text: Omar Mukhtar Street

text: Bizerta

text: Irbed

text: Arab world

text: Islam in Africa

text: Libya

text: North Africa

text: Omar the North African lion

text: Senussi

text: Italian occupation and resistance

text: Why Libya Commemorates the 'Black Day'

text: Libyan lion

categories: Italian Libya,Libyan revolutionaries,Executed revolutionaries,Libyan resistance leaders,1931 deaths,Libyan educators,Guerrilla warfare theorists,Libyan rebels,Executed Libyan people,Italy–Libya relations,Libyan Muslims,Libyan Sunni Muslims,People executed by Italy by hanging,World War II resistance members,1858 births,Murdered educators

paragraph: Omar Mukhtar

paragraph: ʿOmar al-Mukhṭār Muḥammad bin Farḥāṭ al-Manifī (; 20 August 1858 – 16 September 1931), called The Lion of the Desert, known among the colonial Italians as Matari of the Mnifa, was the leader of native resistance in Cyrenaica, currently Eastern Libya under the Senussids, against the Italian colonization of Libya. A teacher-turned-general, Omar was also a prominent figure of the Senussi movement, and he is considered the national hero of Libya and a symbol of resistance in the Arab and Islamic worlds. Beginning in 1911, he organised and, for nearly twenty years, led the Libyan resistance movement against the colonial Italians during the Pacification of Libya. After many attempts, the Italian Armed Forces managed to capture Al-Mukhtar near Solonta and hanged him in 1931.

paragraph: Omar al-Mukhtar also fought against the French colonization of Chad and the British occupation of Egypt.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: 'Omar Al-Mukhtar was born in 1858 to a poor family in the town of Zanzur near Tobruk, belonging to the Mnifa clan who were a Arab clan, they were seen as Libyan Ashrafs, in the region of Cyrenaica under Ottoman control, young Omar lost his father early on, and spent his youth in poverty, he was adopted by Sharif El Gariani, nephew of Hussein Ghariani, a political-religious leader in Cyrenaica, and received his early education at the local mosque, before continuing his studying for eight years at the Senussi university in Jaghbub, the holy city of the Senussi Tariqa, He became a popular expert on the Quran and an imam, joining the confraternity of the Senussi, he also came to be well informed of the social structure of his society, as he was chosen to settle intertribal disputes.

paragraph: Mukhtar developed a strong relationship with the Senussid Movement during his years in Jaghbub, in 1895, Al-Mahdi Senoussi traveled with him south to Kufra, and on another occasion further south to Karo in Chad, where he was appointed as sheikh of Zawiyat Ayn Kalk, when the Colonial French advanced on Chad in 1899 he was sent among other Senussites to help defend from the invaders, as the Senussi considered their expansion dangerous for their Missionary activity in Central and West Africa. In 1902, Omar was recalled north after the death of Al-Mahdi, the new Senussi leader Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi appointed him as Sheikh of the troubled Zawiyat Laqsur in Northern Cyrenaica.

paragraph: Section::::Italian invasion.

paragraph: In October 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, the "Regia Marina" (Italian Royal Navy) under the command of Admiral Luigi Faravelli reached the shores of Libya, then a territory subject to Ottoman Turkish control. The admiral demanded that the Turkish administration and garrison surrender their territory to the Italians or incur the immediate destruction of the city of Tripoli and Benghazi. The Turks and their Libyan allies withdrew to the countryside instead of surrendering, and the Italians bombarded the cities for three days, and then proclaimed the Tripolitanians to be 'committed and strongly bound to Italy'. This marked the beginning of a series of battles between the Italian colonial forces and the Libyan armed opposition in Cyrenaica.

paragraph: Section::::Guerrilla warfare.

paragraph: A teacher of the Qur'an by profession, Mukhtar was also skilled in the strategies and tactics of desert warfare. He knew local geography well and used that knowledge to advantage in battles against the Italians, who were unaccustomed to desert warfare. Mukhtar repeatedly led his small, highly alert groups in successful attacks against the Italians, after which they would fade back into the desert terrain. Mukhtar’s men skilfully attacked outposts, ambushed troops, and cut lines of supply and communication. The "Regio Esercito" (Italian Royal Army) was left astonished and embarrassed by his guerrilla tactics.

paragraph: In the mountainous region of Jebel Akhdar ("Green Mountain") in 1924, Italian Governor Ernesto Bombelli created a counter-guerrilla force that inflicted a severe setback to guerilla forces in April 1925. Mukhtar then quickly modified his own tactics and was able to count on continued help from Egypt. In March, 1927, despite occupation of Giarabub from February 1926 and increasingly stringent rule under Governor Attilio Teruzzi, Mukhtar surprised Italian troops at Raheiba. Between 1927 and 1928, Mukhtar reorganised the Senusite forces, who were being hunted constantly by the Italians. Even General Teruzzi recognized Omar's qualities of "exceptional perseverance and strong will power."

paragraph: Marshal Pietro Badoglio, Governor of Libya from January 1929, after extensive negotiations concluded a compromise with Mukhtar (described by the Italians as his complete submission) similar to previous Italo-Senusite accords. At the end of October, 1929, Mukhtar denounced the compromise and re-established a unity of action among Libyan forces, preparing himself for the ultimate confrontation with General Rodolfo Graziani, the Italian military commander from March 1930. A massive offensive in June against Mukhtar's forces having failed, Graziani, in full accord with Badoglio, Emilio De Bono (Minister of the Colonies), and Benito Mussolini, initiated a plan to break the Libyan Mujāhideen:100,000 population of Jebel Akhdar would be relocated to concentration camps on the coast, and the Libyan-Egyptian border from the coast at Giarabub would be closed, preventing any foreign help to the fighters and depriving them of support from the native population. These measures, which Graziani initiated early in 1931, took their toll on the Senusite resistance. The rebels were deprived of help and reinforcements, spied upon, hit by Italian aircraft, and pursued on the ground by the Italian forces aided by local informers and collaborators. Mukhtar continued to struggle despite increased hardships and risks, but on 11 September 1931, he was ambushed near Slonta.

paragraph: Mukhtar's final adversary, Italian General Rodolfo Graziani, has given a description of the Senusite leader that is not lacking in respect: "Of medium height, stout, with white hair, beard and mustache. Omar was endowed with a quick and lively intelligence; was knowledgeable in religious matters, and revealed an energetic and impetuous character, unselfish and uncompromising; ultimately, he remained very religious and poor, even though he had been one of the most important Senusist figures."

paragraph: Section::::Capture and execution.

paragraph: Mukhtar's struggle of nearly twenty years came to an end on 11 September 1931, when he was wounded in battle near Slonta, and then captured by the Italian army. On 16 September 1931, on the orders of the Italian court and with Italian hopes that Libyan resistance would die with him, Mukhtar was hanged before his followers in the POW camp of Suluq at the age of 73 years.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Omar Al-Mukhtar University was founded in 1961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Since 1971, Mukhtar's face has appeared on the Libyan ten-dinar note.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His final years were depicted in the movie "Lion of the Desert" (1981), starring Anthony Quinn, Oliver Reed, and Irene Papas. It was based on the struggles of Mukhtar against Rodolfo Graziani's forces.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A statement by the man used in the movie captured the tongues and ears of millions of Muslims, نحن قوم لا نستسلم ، ننتصر أو نموت. .."We are a nation that knows no surrender, we win or we die."

paragraph: 2009, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi wore a photograph of Mukhtar in Italian captivity on his chest while on a state visit to Rome, and brought along Mukhtar's elderly son during the visit.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With the Libyan Civil War beginning 17 February 2011, Omar Mukhtar again became a symbol for a united, free Libya and his picture is depicted on various flags and posters of the Free Libya movement. Rebel forces named one of their brigades the "Omar Mukhtar brigade" after him.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A masjid is named after Mukhtar in Tampa, Florida, USA, known as Masjid Omar Al Mokhtar.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Streets are named after Mukhtar in:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kuwait City, Kuwait (Omar Al-Mukhtar street)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaza City (Omar Mukhtar Street)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cairo, Egypt (Omar Al Mukhtar Street)

paragraph: BULLET::::- West Bay area of Doha, Qatar (Omar Al Mukhtar Street)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bizerta, Tunisia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Omar Al Mukhtar Road)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irbed, Jordan

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arab world

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islam in Africa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Libya

paragraph: BULLET::::- North Africa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Omar the North African lion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Senussi

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: He took up arms in 53 years of old, from the very first movement by italians in 1911.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italian occupation and resistance

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secret proceedings in the Benghazi trial

paragraph: BULLET::::- Why Libya Commemorates the 'Black Day'

paragraph: BULLET::::- Libyan lion

description: Libyan resistance leader

enwikiquote_title: Omar Mukhtar

wikidata_label: Omar al-Mukhtar

wikipedia_title: Omar Mukhtar


text:
Shin Bet
Israel's
Sighetu Marmației
Máramaros County
Austria-Hungary
Romania
World War II
Hungarian Army
Auschwitz concentration camp
Mossad LeAliyah Bet
Budapest

categories: Aliyah Bet activists,Romanian Jews,Israeli Security Forces,People from Sighetu Marmației,Yiddish-speaking people,Hungarian military personnel of World War II,1918 births,2007 deaths,Israeli civil servants,Directors of the Shin Bet

paragraph: Amos Manor

paragraph: Amos Manor (; October 8, 1918 – August 5, 2007), born Arthur Mendelowitz, was Director of the Shin Bet, Israel's internal intelligence and security service, from 1953 until 1963.

paragraph: He was born into a Jewish family in Sighetu Marmației, in Máramaros County, Austria-Hungary (present-day Romania). Following the outbreak of World War II, he was drafted to the Hungarian Army, but in 1944 was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp. In 1947, he joined the Mossad LeAliyah Bet, an organization dedicated to smuggling Jews into Palestine in defiance of British immigration restrictions, becoming secretary of its Romanian branch in Budapest. He served under the alias "Amos", which he later adopted as his first name. He immigrated to Israel in 1949, and joined the Shin Bet a month afterwards.

paragraph: Amos Manor is credited with building up the Shin Bet as a national institution capable of handling the many threats posed to internal Israeli security during that time.

paragraph: In 1964 Manor began serving on the directorial board of several companies, banks and the stock market. He also worked as a business consultant for various textile firms. He was also a partner in the Atlas hotel management company.

paragraph: Amos Manor spoke fluent Hebrew, Yiddish, English, French, German, Romanian and Hungarian.

paragraph: In the ISA

paragraph: 1949 - appointed department head in the division for non-Arab affairs, and became the first department director for Eastern Europe.

paragraph: 1950 - appointed unit head within the division for non-Arab affairs.

paragraph: 1952 - appointed Deputy ISA Director

paragraph: 1953 - appointed ISA Director

paragraph: 1964 - retired from the ISA.

paragraph: Following his service in the ISA, and until he died, Manor worked for a Swiss investment company active in Israel, as a consultant to various companies, and served as director of a number of companies. He was the chairman of the board of directors of a number of banks and of the stock exchange and was also a partner in the Atlas company for hotel management.

description: Director of Israeli Intelligence

wikidata_label: Amos Manor

wikipedia_title: Amos Manor


text:
Sneaker Pimps
IAMX
Berlin
Becoming X
Splinter
Bloodsport
Kiss and Swallow
The Alternative
Kingdom of Welcome Addiction
Volatile Times
The Unified Field
Metanoia
Everything Is Burning
Unfall
Alive in New Light
Les Chevaliers du Ciel
Sue Denim
Placebo
Official IAMX Website
IAMX Blog
BoutiqueIAMX
Sneaker Pimps Legacy

categories: English male singer-songwriters,Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London,People from Middlesbrough,English singer-songwriters,British trip hop musicians,British indie rock musicians,English electronic musicians,People educated at Mill Hill School,English male singers,21st-century English singers,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,21st-century male singers,1974 births

paragraph: Chris Corner

paragraph: Christopher Anthony Corner (born 23 January 1974) is an English record producer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, singer and video artist. He was a founding member of the band Sneaker Pimps, and is now active with his solo project IAMX.

paragraph: He moved from London to Berlin in 2006, where he set up his IAMX studio for music and visual work. Nowadays he lives in Los Angeles.

paragraph: To date, Corner has released eleven studio albums, three with Sneaker Pimps – Becoming X (1996), Splinter (1999) and Bloodsport (2002) and eight as IAMX – Kiss and Swallow (2004), The Alternative (2006), Kingdom of Welcome Addiction (2009), Volatile Times (2011), The Unified Field, (2013) Metanoia (2015), Everything Is Burning (2016), experimental electronic album Unfall (2017) and Alive in New Light (2018).

paragraph: Corner composed and produced the soundtrack to the film "Les Chevaliers du Ciel" (2005). It included Sue Denim and Placebo. Many of his songs have been used in film and TV productions.

paragraph: As a completely independent artist, Corner has cultivated an international following through maintaining a highly personal and close relationship with fans through social media and electrifying live performances that often find the artist in physical contact with his following. Through hosting meet and greets or just surfing the crowd, Corner's demonstrative passion for his fans wins him a fiercely loyal fan base that spans the globe.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official IAMX Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- IAMX Blog

paragraph: BULLET::::- BoutiqueIAMX

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sneaker Pimps Legacy

description: English producer and musician

wikidata_label: Chris Corner

wikipedia_title: Chris Corner


text: Scottish

text: border reiver

text: Kinmont Willie’s Raid

text: Walter Scott, 4th of Buccleuch

text: Cessford

text: Walter Scott, 1st Earl of Buccleuch

text: James Ross, 6th Lord Ross

text: John Cranstoun

text: Lord Cranstoun

text: Knight

text: King

text: James VI

text: Scotland

text: Liddesdale

text: Amazon

text: Kinmont Willie Armstrong

text: border

text: border reiver

text: truce day

text: Carlisle

text: Carlisle Castle

text: Sir Thomas Scrope

text: England

text: Berwick

text: Sir William Selby

text: London

text: Elizabeth I of England

text: Europe

text: Sir Walter Scott

text: ballad

text: Kinmont Willie

text: Lord of Parliament

text: King James

text: Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange

text: Dutch Revolt

text: Hawick

text: thepeerage.com

text: stirnet.com

text: Duke of Buccleuch

text: Clan Scott

categories: 1611 deaths,Scottish politicians,Lords Scott of Buccleuch,Scottish landowners,1565 births,Border Reivers,Ballads,Clan Scott,Lords of Parliament (pre-1707),Scottish soldiers,People from the Scottish Borders

paragraph: Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch

paragraph: Walter Scott, 5th of Buccleuch, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch (1565 – 15 December 1611) was a Scottish nobleman and famous border reiver, known as the "Bold Buccleuch" and leader of Kinmont Willie’s Raid. Scott was the son of Sir Walter Scott, 4th of Buccleuch (himself grandson of Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch) and Margaret Douglas.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Scott married (contract dated 1 October 1586) Mary, daughter of Sir William Kerr of Cessford and Janet Douglas. They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Walter Scott, 1st Earl of Buccleuch (d. 20 November 1633)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Margaret Scott (died 5 October 1651) married first James Ross, 6th Lord Ross; married second Sir Alexander Seton of Foulstruther, later Montgomerie, 6th Earl of Eglinton

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Elizabeth Scott who married (contract dated 22 November 1616) John Cranstoun, later 2nd Lord Cranstoun

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Jean Scott (died after 21 November 1613).

paragraph: Scott also had (apparently by Delia, daughter of Captain Thomas Butler in Holland) an illegitimate daughter, Jean, who married Robert Scott of Whitslaid. He further had an illegitimate son, John (probably to be identified with John Scott, Provost of Crichton, who died in 1646).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Knighted by King James VI of Scotland in 1590, Buccleuch was then appointed by him Keeper of Liddesdale and Warden of the West March (borders).

paragraph: In August 1594 he performed in tournament at the baptism of Prince Henry dressed as an Amazon.

paragraph: In 1594, Buccleuch was re-appointed Keeper of Liddesdale, and it was in this capacity that two years afterwards he effected the rescue of Kinmont Willie Armstrong, an exploit famous in border lore. Armstrong, a well known border reiver, was captured by English soldiers led by Deputy Warden Salkeld on 17 March 1596, in violation of a truce day. He was taken to Carlisle and imprisoned in Carlisle Castle. Buccleuch, as Keeper of Liddesdale, petitioned the English Warden Sir Thomas Scrope for Armstrong’s release without success. Unable to release Armstrong by diplomatic means, on the night of 13 April 1596 Buccleuch led a party of about eighty men to Carlisle. Leaving the main body of his men a small distance outside the city to ambush any pursuers, Buccleuch took a small raiding party on to the castle where Armstrong was imprisoned. Finding their ladders too short to scale the walls, the raiding party breached a postern gate — or more probably bribed a contact inside the castle to open it for them — located Armstrong’s cell and freed him, returning him back across the Scottish border. No fatalities were occasioned on either side.

paragraph: The raid on Carlisle created a diplomatic incident between England and Scotland, and war between the two nations appeared imminent until Buccleuch surrendered himself to the English authorities. Tried and found guilty, Buccleuch was placed in the custody of the English Master of the Ordnance at Berwick, Sir William Selby, and was afterwards sent to London.

paragraph: When Buccleuch reached London, and, having been presented to the Queen, was asked by Elizabeth I of England how he dared to undertake an enterprise so desperate and presumptuous, Buccleuch is reported to have replied, "What is it that a man dare not do?" Unaccustomed though she must have been to such rejoinders from her own courtly nobles, Elizabeth not only did not resent the answer, but turning to a lord-in-waiting, said, "With ten thousand such men, our brother in Scotland might shake the firmest throne of Europe."

paragraph: Buccleuch's kinsman, the author Sir Walter Scott, transcribed a well known ballad about the raid entitled "Kinmont Willie" in his collection "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vol. 1".

paragraph: He was created a Lord of Parliament, as Lord Scott of Buccleuch, in 1606 (pursuant to a commission from King James dated 18 March 1606).

paragraph: From 1604 until the truce of 1609, Buccleuch led a company of Borderers in the service of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange during the Dutch Revolt.

paragraph: Buccleuch died on 15 December 1611, and was interred at St Mary's Kirk, Hawick.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- thepeerage.com Accessed 19 June 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- stirnet.com Accessed 19 June 2007

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duke of Buccleuch

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clan Scott

description: Scottish nobleman


text: Pulitzer Prize

text: M.S. degree

text: Medill School of Journalism

text: Northwestern University

text: Chicago Today

text: Chicago Tribune

text: Chicago Sun-Times

text: Los Angeles Times

text: The Washington Times

text: Federal Housing Administration

text: Dan Rostenkowski

categories: Chicago Tribune people,1950 births,Los Angeles Times people,Chicago Sun-Times people,Medill School of Journalism alumni,American male journalists,Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting winners,The Washington Times people,Living people,20th-century American journalists

paragraph: Chuck Neubauer

paragraph: Chuck Neubauer (born ) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: He received his M.S. degree from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University in 1973.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He has worked as a reporter at "Chicago Today" (1973–1974), the "Chicago Tribune" (1976–1983), the "Chicago Sun-Times" (1983–2001), the "Los Angeles Times" (2001–2008), and "The Washington Times" (from April 2009).

paragraph: While at the "Chicago Tribune", Neubauer shared the 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting for a series about abuses in Federal Housing Administration programs. He also investigated the political dealings of Chicago's Dan Rostenkowski in the 1990s.

description: newspaper journalist

wikidata_label: Chuck Neubauer

wikipedia_title: Chuck Neubauer


text:
Milan
nobleman
highbrow
Giuseppe Parini
Alessandro Manzoni
Milan
nobility
Parini
ode
Giulia Beccaria
Alessandro Manzoni

categories: Alessandro Manzoni,1753 births,1805 deaths

paragraph: Carlo Imbonati

paragraph: Carlo Imbonati (Milan, 1753 – Paris, 15 March 1805) was an Italian nobleman and highbrow. He is known above all for the several poems which were dedicated to him by the famous literates Giuseppe Parini and, particularly, Alessandro Manzoni. Born in a prestigious and wealthy family from the Milanese nobility, from 1763 he was instructed by Parini, who dedicated to him the ode "L'Educazione" in occasion of his eleventh birthday. In 1792 Imbonati began a relationship with Giulia Beccaria, mother of the young Alessandro Manzoni. After his death, the poet will write for him the juvenile work " In morte di Carlo Imbonati", which will be published in 1806.

description: Italian poet

wikidata_label: Carlo Imbonati

wikipedia_title: Carlo Imbonati


text:
American football
cornerback
New York Giants
2001 NFL Draft
college football
Western Illinois
Philadelphia Eagles
Buffalo Bills
Jacksonville Jaguars
Detroit Lions
San Francisco 49ers
University of Michigan
stress fracture
stress fracture
free agent
Buffalo Bills
Jacksonville Jaguars
Detroit Lions
San Francisco 49ers
Jacksonville Jaguars bio

categories: Western Illinois Leathernecks football players,Michigan Wolverines football players,San Francisco 49ers players,Philadelphia Eagles players,1979 births,Players of American football from Pennsylvania,Buffalo Bills players,Jacksonville Jaguars players,American football cornerbacks,New York Giants players,Living people

paragraph: William James (American football)

paragraph: William James (born William James Peterson, Jr.; June 15, 1979) is a former American football cornerback. He was drafted by the New York Giants in the third round of the 2001 NFL Draft. He played college football at Western Illinois.

paragraph: James has also been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, Buffalo Bills, Jacksonville Jaguars, Detroit Lions, and San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: James (then known as Will Peterson) attended the University of Michigan for two years,s studying fashion design, one of them with the school's 1997 national championship team, before finishing his collegiate career at Western Illinois University with a brief stint at Youngstown State in Ohio between the two. In his senior season at Western Illinois, James started 10 games. He finished his college career with 96 tackles (77 solo), nine interceptions, two sacks, and 11 tackles for losses. He averaged over 26 yards per interception return and scored two defensive touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Giants.

paragraph: In his rookie NFL season with the Giants in 2001, James played in all sixteen games, starting in five of them. In 2002, he started all 12 games in which he played, but missed four due to injuries. In 2003, James started five games, but missed the rest of the season because of a stress fracture in his lower back. In 2004, James played in every regular season game for the Giants, and started fifteen of them. James was released by the Giants on Friday May 26, 2006; the Giants waived him because of severe back problems and health issues related to stress fractures in his lower back.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Philadelphia Eagles.

paragraph: He signed with the Philadelphia Eagles on October 30, 2006 and played with the team for two seasons before becoming a free agent in 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: On March 18, 2008, James was signed by the Buffalo Bills to a two-year contract, but was released on August 30 during final cuts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: James was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars on September 1, 2008. The Jacksonville Jaguars released William James on Thursday, June 11, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Lions.

paragraph: James signed with the Detroit Lions on July 28, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: James was signed by the San Francisco 49ers on May 5, 2010. His contract expired at season's end, making him an unrestricted free agent.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Name change.

paragraph: Upon signing with the Eagles, James officially dropped the Peterson Jr. from his name.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Joshua Stevens

paragraph: Andre M Stevens. Frank Tomasino

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacksonville Jaguars bio

description: American football player, born 1979

wikidata_label: William James

wikipedia_title: William James (American football)


text: German

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: hip hop

text: reggae

text: dub

text: funk

text: Absolute Beginner

text: La Boom

text: Eurovision Song Contest 2011

text: Hamburg

text: Helene-Lange-Gymnasium

text: hip hop

text: Beginner

text: Young Deenay

text: delay/echo

text: reggae

text: dancehall

text: Eimsbush

text: MTV Germany

text: Irgendwie, irgendwo, irgendwann

text: cover version

text: Nena's

text: Official website

text: Review of Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Soul

categories: German male singers,1976 births,Musicians from Hamburg,German reggae musicians,21st-century German singers,Participants in the Bundesvision Song Contest,Living people,German rappers

paragraph: Jan Delay

paragraph: Jan Delay (born Jan Phillip Eißfeldt; 25 August 1976) is a German singer, songwriter, and producer whose stylistic range includes mainly hip hop, reggae, dub and funk. An accomplished solo artist, he became known to the public as a member of the German bands Absolute Beginner and La Boom. He performed with his group 'Disko No.1' at the grand final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Delay was born in Hamburg on 25 August 1976. He attended the bilingual Helene-Lange-Gymnasium from 1986 to 1995. In the 1990s, he became known as one third of the pioneering German hip hop group Beginner. His stage name is a reference to Young Deenay, a pop music act in the 90s: the delay/echo is an important effect in reggae and dancehall music.

paragraph: Jan Delay's most significant trademark is his somewhat nasal voice. He also frequently changes his stage name depending on his current music style, mood, and collaboration partners. Bald, he often wears a hat and sunglasses.

paragraph: Section::::Eimsbush label.

paragraph: In 1997, Jan Delay founded his own record label Eimsbush together with partners from the Hamburg hip-hop scene. The label's main goal was to support and guide fresh underground talents and pave their way into the music business without having them "selling out" to the major labels. The label was initiated by the German hip hop scene while it was going through a boom phase in the mid and late 90s, which led to "every Horst [jerk] being allowed to rap if only he can hold up a mic" (Jan Delay, MTV Germany, 2007). As a result, real talent stepped back for fear of being seen as sellouts by the underground hip-hop scene.

paragraph: The label was shut down in 2003 due to financial reasons and as a result of the "naive idea of just believing in talent outside the mainstream"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Searching for the Jan Soul Rebels"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Mercedes Dance"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Searching - the Dubs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Mercedes Dance - Live"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Soul"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Soul - Live"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Hammer & Michel"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Irgendwie, irgendwo, irgendwann" — (cover version of Nena's song of the same name)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Ich möchte nicht, dass ihr meine Lieder singt"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Vergiftet"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - "Die Welt steht still"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Klar"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Für immer und dich"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Feuer"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Im Arsch"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Türlich, Türlich" / Word up

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "Ganz anders"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Oh Jonny"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Disko"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Hoffnung"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Liebe"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "St. Pauli"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Sie kann nicht tanzen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Grün-weiße Liebe"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrait of Jan Delay at laut.de (German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Soul(in English)

description: German singer, songwriter and producer

wikidata_label: Jan Delay

wikipedia_title: Jan Delay


text: starting pitcher

text: Detroit Tigers

text: Niagara Falls Rapids

text: Jacksonville Suns

text: Tampa Bay Devil Rays

text: Comerica Park

text: Tiger Stadium

text: Florida Marlins

text: Atlanta Braves

text: Boston Red Sox

categories: Toledo Mud Hens players,Houston Astros players,Cincinnati Reds players,Boston Red Sox scouts,New Orleans Zephyrs players,Detroit Tigers players,Lakeland Tigers players,UNC Greensboro Spartans baseball players,Baseball players from North Carolina,Corpus Christi Hooks players,1971 births,Greenville Braves players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Florida Marlins players,Jacksonville Suns players,Niagara Falls Rapids players,Gulf Coast Marlins players,Round Rock Express players

paragraph: Brian Moehler

paragraph: Brian Merritt Moehler (born December 31, 1971) is a former starting pitcher.

paragraph: Moehler pitched for the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He was selected by the Detroit Tigers in the sixth round of the 1993 draft, and assigned to the Niagara Falls Rapids. After the 1993 season, Moehler moved on to the Jacksonville Suns, where he pitched until late 1996, when he was called up by the Tigers.

paragraph: Moehler made his major league debut in 1996, pitching in 2 games for the Tigers. In 1997, Moehler went 11–12 in 31 starts, the following year he would have his best season of his career, going 14–13 with a 3.90 ERA and 4 complete games, including 3 shutouts. In 1999, he led the American league in losses with 16. In 1999, during his stint with Detroit, he gained national media attention when he got caught scuffing the baseball against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, and was suspended for 10 games. He would rebound in the year 2000, going 12–9 for Detroit. 2001 and 2002 Moehler pitched just a combined 4 starts due to injury, he would later be traded in 2002 to the Cincinnati Reds. He was the starting pitcher for the Tigers' inaugural game at Comerica Park in 2000. During his stint with the Tigers, he accomplished an amazing feat by winning both the last game at the old Tiger Stadium and the first game at the new Comerica Park.

paragraph: In 2003, Moehler signed with the Houston Astros but pitched in just 3 games. After taking the 2004 season off, Moehler came back in 2005 pitching for the Florida Marlins. He went 13–23 in two seasons with the Marlins, bouncing between the bullpen and the rotation.

paragraph: On January 19, 2007, Moehler signed a one-year contract with the Houston Astros; at the end of spring training he earned a relief spot on the roster. On August 2, 2007, Moehler achieved his first save in a Major League game against the Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: On November 4, 2012, Moehler was hired as a Georgia area scout for the Boston Red Sox.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Brian Moehler

wikipedia_title: Brian Moehler


text:
dramatist
playwright
director
théâtre de l'Odéon
Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman
Robert Charvay
Georges Berr
Mérimée
Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme
director
théâtre de l'Odéon
Victor de Cottens
Théâtre des Variétés
Louis Varney
Georges Berr
Théâtre du Palais-Royal
Théâtre de l'Athénée
Théâtre du Châtelet
Robert Charvay
Théâtre de l'Odéon
Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme
Théâtre du Gymnase Marie Bell
Eugène Héros
Théâtre Daunou
Bezauberndes Fräulein
Ralph Benatzky
André Liabel
André Liabel
Albert Capellani
The Frisky Mrs. Johnson
Edward Dillon
Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman
Gaston Ravel
The Chocolate Girl
René Hervil
The Chocolate Girl
Marc Allégret
André Gillois
Georges Lacombe
The Miracle Child
André Gillois
Jacques Séverac
Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman
André Berthomieu
Walter Janssen
Nunzio Malasomma
René Jayet
The Chocolate Girl
André Berthomieu
Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman
André Berthomieu
The Charming Young Lady
Georg Thomalla

categories: 19th-century French dramatists and playwrights,French screenwriters,People from Paris,1866 births,French theatre directors,20th-century French dramatists and playwrights

paragraph: Paul Gavault

paragraph: Paul Armand Marcel Gavault (1 September 1866 - 25 December 1951) was a French dramatist, playwright and former director of the théâtre de l'Odéon.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He enjoyed a hit with his 1906 comic play "Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman" which was co-authored by Robert Charvay.

paragraph: Paul Gavault was a screenwriter for the production company, working in particular for the films "La Grande Bretèche" (1909, after Balzac), "Joseph vendu par ses frères" (1909, codirected with Georges Berr), "Le Luthier de Crémone" (1909), "Le Légataire universel" (1909), "Werther" (1910, after Goethe), "Madame de Langeais" (1910, after Balzac), "Carmen" (1910, after Mérimée), "Vitellius" (1910), "L'Héritière" (1910), "Jésus de Nazareth" (1911) and "L'Usurpateur" (1911), "Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme" (1914).

paragraph: He was named director of the théâtre de l'Odéon in 1914.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1897 : "Le Pompier de service", with Victor de Cottens, Théâtre des Variétés

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1898 : "Les Petites Barnett", with Louis Varney, Théâtre des Variétés

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900 : "Moins cinq...", with Georges Berr, Théâtre du Palais-Royal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1901 : "L'Inconnue", with Georges Berr, Théâtre du Palais-Royal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1901 : "Madame Flirt", with Georges Berr, Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902 : "Les Aventures du capitaine Corcoran", with Georges Berr and Adrien Vély, Théâtre du Châtelet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903 : "Paris aux Variétés", Théâtre des Variétés

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903 : "L'Enfant du miracle", 3 acts comédie bouffe, with Robert Charvay

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 : "La Dette", with Georges Berr, Théâtre de l'Odéon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1906 : "Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme", with Robert Charvay, Théâtre du Gymnase Marie Bell

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1907 : "La Dame du 23", with Albert Bourgain, Théâtre du Palais Royal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1907 : "La Revue du centenaire", 3 acts show with Pierre-Louis Flers and Eugène Héros, Théâtre des Variétés

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1909 : "Monsieur Zéro"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1909 : "Moins cinq"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1909 : "La Petite chocolatière", Théâtre de la Renaissance

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1912 : "Le Bonheur sous la main"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1912 : "L'idée de Françoise", Théâtre de la Renaissance

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 : "Ma tante d'Honfleur", Théâtre des Variétés

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 : "Le Mannequin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 : "L'École du bonheur", 3 acts comedy, Théâtre Daunou

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 : "Le Paradis perdu", Théâtre de l'Athénée

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 : "Bezauberndes Fräulein", 4 acts operetta by Ralph Benatzky, based on "La Petite chocolatière"

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Petite chocolatière", directed by André Liabel (France, 1914, based on the play "La Petite chocolatière")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme", directed by André Liabel (France, 1914, based on the play "Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Richest Girl", directed by Albert Capellani (1918, based on the play "La Petite chocolatière")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Frisky Mrs. Johnson", directed by Edward Dillon (1920, based on the play "Madame Flirt")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'idée de Françoise", directed by Robert Saidreau (France, 1923, based on the play "L'idée de Françoise")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ma tante d'Honfleur", directed by Robert Saidreau (France, 1923, based on the play "Ma tante d'Honfleur")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman", directed by Gaston Ravel (France, 1926, based on the play "Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chocolate Girl", directed by René Hervil (France, 1927, based on the play "La Petite chocolatière")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chocolate Girl", directed by Marc Allégret (France, 1932, based on the play "La Petite chocolatière")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ma tante d'Honfleur", directed by André Gillois (France, 1932, based on the play "Ma tante d'Honfleur")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", directed by Georges Lacombe (France, 1932, based on "Un coup de téléphone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Miracle Child", directed by André Gillois (France, 1932, based on the play "L'Enfant du miracle")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", directed by Jacques Séverac (France, 1933, based on "Les yeux du cœur")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman", directed by André Berthomieu (France, 1933, based on the play "Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", directed by Walter Janssen (Germany, 1935, based on the operetta "Bezauberndes Fräulein")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La signora in nero", directed by Nunzio Malasomma (Italy, 1943, based on the play "La Petite chocolatière")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", directed by Börje Larsson (Sweden, 1945, based on the operetta "Bezauberndes Fräulein")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ma tante d'Honfleur", directed by René Jayet (France, 1949, based on the play "Ma tante d'Honfleur")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chocolate Girl", directed by André Berthomieu (France, 1950, based on the play "La Petite chocolatière")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman", directed by André Berthomieu (France, 1950, based on the play "Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Charming Young Lady", directed by Georg Thomalla (West Germany, 1953, based on the operetta "Bezauberndes Fräulein")

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- « Le nouveau directeur de l'Odéon : M. Paul Gavault », "Le Miroir", 10 mai 1914

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Genty, "Histoire du Théâtre national de l'Odéon : journal de bord, 1782-1982", Fischbacher, Paris, 1982, 320 p.

description: French playwright and screenwriter (1866-1951)

wikidata_label: Paul Gavault

wikipedia_title: Paul Gavault


text:
Airmyn
Aire and Calder Navigation
Wenvoe Castle
High Sheriff of Glamorgan
Yorkshire
Berkshire
Aire and Calder Navigation
West Riding of Yorkshire
North Sea
Humber
River Ouse
John Smeaton
River Aire
Selby
Selby Canal
Wenvoe
Robert Adam
High Sheriff of Glamorgan
Chislehurst
Robert Francis Jenner
Herbert Jenner-Fust
Henry Lascelles Jenner
Bishop of Dunedin
Henry Jenner
Cornish language
Llandaff
John Nicholl
Merthyr Mawr

categories: History of the Vale of Glamorgan,Businesspeople in transport,1723 births,18th-century English businesspeople

paragraph: Peter Birt

paragraph: Peter Birt ( – June 1791) was a businessman from Airmyn, Yorkshire, England, who made his fortune from the Aire and Calder Navigation and used part of his wealth to build the mansion named Wenvoe Castle.

paragraph: He became High Sheriff of Glamorgan.

paragraph: Section::::Businessman.

paragraph: Peter Birt was born around 1723 in Yorkshire.

paragraph: One source says his family was well-off yeomen from Berkshire, but others said he had been "bred a tailor".

paragraph: He became a merchant in the trade with Russia.

paragraph: Birt became involved with Sir Henry Ibbetson in a coal-mining venture.

paragraph: In 1758 Birt and Ibbetson acquired a 14-year lease on the tolls of the Aire and Calder Navigation for £6,000.

paragraph: This privately-managed waterway in the West Riding of Yorkshire was one of the first river navigation schemes in Britain.

paragraph: It provides a water route from the North Sea inland to the Pennine waterways by way of the Humber estuary and the River Ouse.

paragraph: The partners agreed with the request of the proprietors of the Navigation to give up trading so they could not be accused of giving their goods preferential treatment.

paragraph: Birt was described as unpopular but efficient.

paragraph: In 1771 Birt asked John Smeaton for advice on improving the navigation to head off the threat of a proposal to build a trans-Pennine canal that would bypass the navigation.

paragraph: Smeaton issued a report on 28 December 1771 that recommended construction of new locks and canal cuts, large-scale dredging to ensure that even in a dry season the water was at least deep, and a bypass canal cut below Haddlesey.

paragraph: The planned cut was extended in 1772 to almost between the River Aire at Haddlesey and the Ouse at Selby.

paragraph: In 1772 Peter Birt became the sole lessee of the Navigation, with a 21-year lease for which he paid £8,500.

paragraph: This in effect gave him a monopoly of transport on the Navigation, which he exploited ruthlessly.

paragraph: Birt soon owned many boats on the waterway and several important collieries in the region.

paragraph: The local industrialists and woollen merchants resented Birt's control, said the Navigation was poorly maintained and demanded reform.

paragraph: Birt agreed to give up his lease in return for a share of the Navigation Company.

paragraph: In May 1774 Birt was given a 10% share of the Aire and Calder Navigation estates and profits by Act of Parliament.

paragraph: The planned works on the Navigation were undertaken in 1775–79 and cost £40,000.

paragraph: The new Selby Canal was inaugurated on 29 April 1778.

paragraph: The Navigation Company was immensely profitable for the next fifty years or so, with Birt and his heirs receiving 10% of the income.

paragraph: Birt decided to move away from his residence at Airmyn Hall and find a place to spend his retirement where he was less well-known.

paragraph: Section::::Wenvoe castle.

paragraph: The owner of the estate of Wenvoe, near Cardiff, died suddenly in October 1767 leaving many debts.

paragraph: The estate was put up for sale in September 1769, and was bought by Birt in September 1774 for £41,000.

paragraph: The legalities were completed in May 1775.

paragraph: Birt had the old castle completely demolished, although some material was reused in the new Wenvoe Castle that replaced it.

paragraph: The new building was based on designs by Robert Adam dated 1776, with Birt's friend Thomas Roberts as executant architect.

paragraph: Most of the new building was of locally-quarried "blue stone", but Bath stone was brought via the port of Cardiff, probably for the quoins and corner stones.

paragraph: The foundations were almost complete by 29 April 1776, and the roof was on before the end of that year.

paragraph: The building was massive, with a large central rectangular block from which low wings extended from each side.

paragraph: The main front was three stories high and long including the two wings.

paragraph: The whole length was topped with battlements.

paragraph: A contemporary writer said the house and grounds, "exhibits a charming effort of bad taste and bourgeoisity."

paragraph: Birt was High Sheriff of Glamorgan for 1780.

paragraph: He died in June 1791 and was buried at Wenvoe.

paragraph: He was predeceased by his wife (1787), his son Peter (1788) and his daughter Mary, wife of John Richards of Cardiff (1790).

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Peter Birt had three surviving daughters at the time of his death, Ann, Jane and Judy.

paragraph: Ann Birt married Robert Jenner (1743–1810) of Chislehurst, Kent.

paragraph: Their son Robert Jenner (1776–1824) inherited Wenvoe Castle.

paragraph: The castle was passed in turn to his son Robert Francis Jenner (1802–1860) and grandson Robert Francis Lascelles Jenner (1826–83).

paragraph: The second son of Ann Birt and Robert Jenner was Herbert, who later took the name Herbert Jenner-Fust (1778–1852), and became an English judge.

paragraph: Herbert's son, Dr. Henry Lascelles Jenner (1820–98), was the first Bishop of Dunedin.

paragraph: The Bishop's son Henry Jenner (1848–1934) was an authority on the Cornish language.

paragraph: Jane Birt married John Price of Llandaff.

paragraph: Judy Birt married Sir John Nicholl of Merthyr Mawr on 8 September 1787.

paragraph: Their marriage took place at Wenvoe.

paragraph: They had one surviving son and three daughters.

paragraph: The main block of Wenvoe Castle was badly damaged by fire in 1910, and later the whole building was torn down apart from a pavilion.

paragraph: The estate is now a golf course.

wikidata_label: Peter Birt

wikipedia_title: Peter Birt


text: American

text: professional baseball

text: pitcher

text: Major League Baseball

text: Atlanta Braves

text: Miami Marlins

text: Boston Red Sox

text: 2008 Major League Baseball draft

text: Ross S. Sterling High School

text: Baytown, Texas

text: Marlon Byrd

text: Sugar Land Skeeters

text: Atlanta Braves

text: Mississippi Braves

text: Miami Marlins

text: Michael Mader

text: Anfernee Seymour

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: Sugar Land Skeeters

text: Detroit Tigers

text: St. Louis Cardinals

categories: Greenville Drive players,Miami Marlins players,Toledo Mud Hens players,Erie SeaWolves players,Atlanta Braves players,People from Baytown, Texas,Lakeland Flying Tigers players,Gwinnett Braves players,New Orleans Zephyrs players,Mississippi Braves players,Baseball players from Texas,Memphis Redbirds players,Lowell Spinners players,Sugar Land Skeeters players,Tennessee Smokies players,New Orleans Baby Cakes players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Iowa Cubs players,Gulf Coast Red Sox players,Daytona Cubs players,Peoria Chiefs players,1990 births

paragraph: Hunter Cervenka

paragraph: Colby Hunter Cervenka (born January 3, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves and Miami Marlins.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Boston Red Sox.

paragraph: Cervenka was drafted by the Boston Red Sox in the 27th round of the 2008 Major League Baseball draft out of Ross S. Sterling High School in Baytown, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Chicago Cubs.

paragraph: In May 2012, he was acquired by the Chicago Cubs as the player to be named later in the Marlon Byrd trade. Chicago released Cervenka on May 29, 2015,

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Sugar Land Skeeters.

paragraph: On June 12, 2015, he signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. After eight games with Sugar Land,

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: Cervenka signed with the Atlanta Braves on July 7.

paragraph: Cervenka was invited to spring training in 2016, but started the season with the Double A Mississippi Braves. He was called up to the majors for the first time on April 11, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Miami Marlins.

paragraph: On August 6, 2016, the Braves traded Cervenka to the Miami Marlins for Michael Mader and Anfernee Seymour. Cervenka was designated for assignment by the Marlins on December 14, 2017. After clearing waivers, he was outrighted to Triple-A on December 21. Cervenka was released on March 8, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: On March 13, 2018, Cervenka signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles. He was released on March 30.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Return to Sugar Land.

paragraph: On April 19, 2018, Cervenka signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: On June 3, 2018, Cervenka's contract was purchased by the Detroit Tigers. He elected free agency on November 2, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:St. Louis Cardinals.

paragraph: On November 6, 2018, Cervenka signed a minor league deal with the St. Louis Cardinals. He was released on July 30, 2019.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Hunter Cervenka

wikipedia_title: Hunter Cervenka


text:
game warden
dowser
Biddeford, Maine
Kenneth Roberts
Martin Gardner
occult
ideomotor effect
Evon Z. Vogt
Ray Hyman
suggestion
Robert P. Sharp
groundwater
geophysics
Kenneth Roberts
Evon Z. Vogt
Ray Hyman

categories: 1895 births,Dowsing,People from Biddeford, Maine,1979 deaths

paragraph: Henry Gross (dowser)

paragraph: Henry Gross (1895–1979) was an American game warden and dowser.

paragraph: Gross worked as a game warden in Biddeford, Maine. He was most well known for his search of objects and underground water by dowsing with a Y shaped stick. It was alleged by Kenneth Roberts who wrote the book "Henry Gross and His Dowsing Rod" (1951) that Gross located water all over Maine and in surrounding states.

paragraph: Science writer Martin Gardner disputed any occult interpretation of Gross's abilities commenting that his dowsing was the result of the exaggeration, ideomotor effect and random chance. Gardner noted that "Even in Kenneth Roberts' violently partisan book, he records an abundance of failures by Henry Gross whenever conditions approaching a scientific test were arranged. For example, Henry was unable to distinguish mason jars containing water from jars containing sand when the jars were concealed inside paper sacks. He was unable to find envelopes containing coins when they were placed on the ground beside empty envelopes." Evon Z. Vogt and Ray Hyman also examined the reports of his dowsing in depth and concluded the cause was ideomotor action and suggestion.

paragraph: Robert P. Sharp a geology expert noted that the dowsing experiments Gross was involved in were poorly designed and his claims were at odds with groundwater behaviour and research from geophysics. In 1961 Mr. Gross appeared as a mystery challenger on the television game show "To Tell The Truth".

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kenneth Roberts. (1951). "Henry Gross and His Dowsing Rod". Doubleday.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evon Z. Vogt, Ray Hyman (1959). "Water Witching U.S.A." University of Chicago Press.

wikidata_label: Henry Gross

wikipedia_title: Henry Gross (dowser)


text:
Uganda
flyweight
1960 Summer Olympics
Paolo Curcetti

categories: Ugandan male boxers,Boxers at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Olympic boxers of Uganda,Living people,1926 births

paragraph: Frank Kisekka

paragraph: Francis "Frank" Kisekka (born 22 December 1926) is a retired Ugandan amateur flyweight boxer. He competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics, where he lost in the first bout to Paolo Curcetti.

description: Ugandan boxer

wikidata_label: Frank Kisekka

wikipedia_title: Frank Kisekka


text:
Mongolia
pianist
music teacher
Düsseldorf
Dortmund
Germany
Europe
music
choreography
piano concerto
theatre
opera
mathematics
Russian
World Festival of Youth and Students
Moscow
Russia
Gnessin State Musical College
Hochschule für Musik Detmold
Musikhochschule Münster
teaching assistant
Japan
Spain
chamber music
Rassegna Internazionale Pescara Musica
Pescara
Italy
concert
soloist
accompanist
Konzerthaus Berlin
Berlin
Musikhochschule in Dortmund
Madrigal
University of Münster
Institut für Musikalische Bildung
TrioMusarto
Mungonzazal-Piano-Stiftung
charity
musical education
musically inclined
tribute
gala concert
radio
television
Mozart
Sonate C-Dur KV 330(300h)
Schumann
Davidsbündlertänze op.6
Beethoven
Trio c-moll op.1 Nr.3
Brahms
Trio C-Dur op.87
Gerigk
Derwischrequiem

categories: Mongolian academics,Mongolian classical pianists,20th-century classical musicians,1972 births,2007 deaths,Mongolian expatriates in the Soviet Union,Hochschule für Musik Detmold alumni,People from Ulaanbaatar,Mongolian expatriates in Germany,German music educators

paragraph: Mungonzazal Janshindulam

paragraph: Mungonzazal Janshindulam ( "Yanjindulamyn Möngöntsatsal"; 1972–2007), also known as "Mungo", was a Mongolian pianist and music teacher who lived and taught until her death in Düsseldorf and Dortmund, Germany. She was the first Mongolian pianist to have widespread European fame and won multiple piano competition awards. It is unknown how she died.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: As a young child, Mungo already showed a huge interest in music, particularly in playing the piano. At eight years of age, her mother brought her to the music and choreography school in Ulan Bator so she could learn. Her early recitals included major Mongolian piano concertos at theatres and participated in local operas. In school, she scored very well in mathematics and Russian. She graduated with honors from the school of music and choreography.

paragraph: In recognition of her outstanding academic performance, she had the opportunity to attend the 12th World Festival of Youth and Students in 1985 in Moscow, Russia. At age 16, she was accepted into the Gnessin State Musical College in Moscow to study the piano.

paragraph: In 1993 she moved to Germany to study with Professor Richard Braun in the Dortmund Department of the Hochschule für Musik Detmold, where she graduated in 1997. That same year, she continued her musical studies at the Musikhochschule Münster with Professor Weichert, where she graduated in 2000 with honors. At the same time she began working as a teaching assistant for Professor Schmidt in a singing class at the Hochschule für Musik Detmold. In addition, she attended master classes in Japan, Spain, and many other European countries.

paragraph: In October 1996 she became the first Mongolian pianist to receive first prize at the 9th chamber music competition during the Rassegna Internazionale Pescara Musica in Pescara, Italy. Afterwards, her highly playful skill has been praised in the press. Aside from numerous concerts as either soloist or accompanist, she made notable appearances in 1999 and 2001 at the Konzerthaus Berlin in Berlin.

paragraph: From 1999 to 2003 she was a teaching assistant at the Musikhochschule in Dortmund and an accompanist for the Madrigal Choir at the University of Münster. From 1999 to her death in 2007, she worked as a piano teacher and music teacher at the private Institut für Musikalische Bildung (IMB) in Dortmund. From 2002 to 2005 she continued studying at the Hochschule für Musik Detmold. In 2002 she co-founded of the well-known TrioMusarto. In 2006, she made her final appearance with TrioMusarto.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In honor of the pianist, Mungonzazal's family established the Mungonzazal-Piano-Stiftung (Mungonzazal Piano Foundation) in the spring of 2008. The Foundation supports general charity in addition to the musical education of musically inclined individuals.

paragraph: On 28 November (Mungonzazal's birthday) every other year, the Foundation organizes a chamber music competition, the first of which was held in Mongolia in 2008. Over 50 Mongolian music students and students participated in the premiere competition. This competition awarded nine students with certificates for first, second and third places. Following the competition, the participants were presented with a Mungonzazal tribute gala concert in Ulaanbaatar. The progress of competition and the concert was nationally broadcast on radio and television. In 2010, the competition was called "Mungo" and took place once again in Mongolia.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mozart: Sonate C-Dur KV 330(300h)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schumann: Davidsbündlertänze op.6

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:2004 (TrioMusarto).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven: Trio c-moll op.1 Nr.3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brahms: Trio C-Dur op.87

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerigk: Derwischrequiem

alias:
Ânžidulamym Môngôncacal
Yanjindulamyn Möngöntsatsal
Mungo

description: pianist

wikidata_label: Mungonzazal Janshindulam

wikipedia_title: Mungonzazal Janshindulam


text:
fake moustache
Laurel and Hardy
Randy Skretvedt
Our Relations
Larbert
Stirlingshire
tinsmith
teuchter
Broadway
Graham Moffat
Hollywood
L-KO
Thomas H. Ince
Mack Sennett
Keystone Kops
Down on the Farm
Foreign Correspondent
To Be or Not to Be
Royal Wedding
Hal Roach Studios
Stan Laurel
Oliver Hardy
Edna Marion
Leo McCarey
Laurel and Hardy films
Big Business
Way Out West
Stan Laurel
Oliver Hardy
Charley Chase
Glenn Tryon
Snub Pollard
Ben Turpin
Our Gang
shorts
Mush and Milk
Spanky McFarland
flu
heart attack
minced oath
Damn
Dan Castellaneta
Homer Simpson
Tracey Ullman Show
Matt Groening
D'oh!
Comedy Carpet
Blackpool Tower
Timothy Spall
Stan & Ollie
"Way Out West"
the Sons of the Desert
Laurel & Hardy
Olinto Cristina
Luigi Pavese
Stefano Sibaldi
Alberto Sordi
Mauro Zambuto
Luigi Almirante
Alberto Sordi
Mauro Zambuto
Paolo Stoppa
Alberto Sordi
Mauro Zambuto
James Finlayson
Complete Index to World Film
James Finlayson
WikiTree

categories: American male film actors,1887 births,American male silent film actors,20th-century Scottish comedians,Scottish male silent film actors,Scottish emigrants to the United States,Scottish male stage actors,Hal Roach Studios actors,Silent film comedians,Scottish male film actors,People from Larbert,20th-century Scottish male actors,British expatriate male actors in the United States,1953 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Alumni of the University of Edinburgh,People with acquired American citizenship,Scottish male comedians,British male comedy actors,American male stage actors,20th-century American male actors

paragraph: James Finlayson (actor)

paragraph: James Finlayson (27 August 1887 – 9 October 1953) was a Scottish-born American actor who worked in both silent and sound comedies. Bald, with a fake moustache, Finlayson had many trademark comic mannerisms and is known for his squinting, outraged, "double take and fade away" head reaction, and characteristic expression "d'ooooooh", and as the best remembered comic foil of Laurel and Hardy.

paragraph: Finlayson was known by a variety of nicknames. According to Laurel and Hardy scholar Randy Skretvedt, he "called himself Jimmy, was known around the lot as Jim and is usually referred to today as 'Fin'" – perhaps because he played a character called Fin in "Our Relations" and one named Mickey Finn in "Way Out West", or most likely, just as a truncated version of his surname.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Larbert, Stirlingshire, Scotland to Alexander and Isabella (née Henderson) Finlayson, he worked as a tinsmith before pursuing an acting career.

paragraph: After the death of both his parents, he emigrated to the U.S. in 1911 at the age of 24 with his brother Robert.

paragraph: He married Emily Cora Gilbert, an American citizen from Iowa, in 1919 and became a U.S. citizen in 1942.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Theatre.

paragraph: As part of John Clyde's company, he played the part of Jamie Ratcliffe in "Jeanie Deans" at the Theatre Royal in Edinburgh in 1910. He played the role of a detective disguised as a teuchter (person originating from the Scottish West Highlands or Western Isles) in the play "The Great Game" at Daly's Theatre, New York in May 1912: "James Finlayson had an excellent opportunity, which he did not miss, for developing two characters in his one role – the simple, naive Scotsman and the artful, determined detective. The remarkable thing is that he managed to do them both at the same time."

paragraph: He later won the role of Rab Biggar in the popular Broadway production of "Bunty Pulls the Strings" by Graham Moffat, and dropped out of a country-wide theatrical tour in 1916 to pursue a career in Hollywood.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Film.

paragraph: Arriving in Los Angeles in 1916, he found work at L-KO and Thomas H. Ince's studio.

paragraph: In October 1919, he signed a contract with the Mack Sennett Comedies Corporation. He appeared in numerous Sennett-produced comedies, including the Keystone Kops.

paragraph: The promotional newspaper article for the 1920 premiere of Sennett's "Down on the Farm", refers to Finlayson as "legitimate and screen player of international celebrity" and of his performance says: "The in the case – a sort of cross between a Turkish Don Juan and a 'loan shark' – is played with rare power and comic results of seriousness by James Finlayson". As a freelance actor late in his career, he made some of his final films in the UK. He played bit parts in films such as "Foreign Correspondent", "To Be or Not to Be", and "Royal Wedding", his last film before his death in 1953.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Hal Roach Studios.

paragraph: In the mid-1920s, when he worked for the Hal Roach Studios, Roach attempted to make a top-billed star out of Finlayson, but the effort was unfocused and he never caught on. The next step came in 1927 when the "All-Star Comedy" series gave Finlayson equal billing with up-and-coming co-stars Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, comedian Edna Marion, and others; some studio publicity even referred to Finlayson, Hardy and Laurel as a "famous comedy trio". But Roach staff producer and future multi-Oscared director Leo McCarey recognized the great potential of a Laurel-and-Hardy pairing and began developing their characters and expanding their roles toward that end; by the autumn of 1928, "Laurel and Hardy" was a formal studio series with its own production prefixes while the "All-Star Comedy" series – and Finlayson's equal co-billing – were things of the past. Nonetheless, he was still "considered by many to be an indispensable part of the Laurel & Hardy team."

paragraph: Altogether, Finlayson played roles in 33 Laurel and Hardy films, usually as a villain or an antagonist, in such films "Big Business" (1929) and "Way Out West" (1937). Beside that, He starred alongside Stan Laurel in 19 films and opposite Oliver Hardy in five films before Laurel and Hardy were teamed together, appeared in dozens of Roach Studio films, with Charley Chase, Glenn Tryon, Snub Pollard, and Ben Turpin,and in several "Our Gang" shorts, including "Mush and Milk", in which he and Spanky McFarland match wits in a comically adversarial phone conversation.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: English actress Stephanie Insall and Finlayson regularly took breakfast together. However, on the morning of 9 October 1953, Finlayson did not turn up at the usual time. Knowing that he had been ill from flu recently, Insall went to his home where she discovered his body. Finlayson had died of a heart attack. He was 66 years old.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: One of Finlayson's trademarks was a drawn out "dohhhhhhh!" Finlayson had used the term as a minced oath to stand in for the word "Damn!" This would later inspire Dan Castellaneta, the voice actor of Homer Simpson. During the voice recording session for a "Tracey Ullman Show" short, Castellaneta was required to utter what was written in the script as an "annoyed grunt". He rendered it as a drawn out "dohhhhhhh". This was inspired by Finlayson. Matt Groening felt that it would better suit the timing of animation if it were spoken faster. Castellaneta then shortened it to a quickly uttered "D'oh!"

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Artwork.

paragraph: James (as "Jimmy Finlayson") is incorporated into the "Catchphases 1" section of the Comedy Carpet mosaic beside Blackpool Tower along with a "D'OH!" embossed star.

paragraph: A plaque by the Scottish Film Council honouring James was displayed in Bo'ness Library as part of the HippFest 2019 silent film festival.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Portrayals.

paragraph: James Finlayson is one of the many entertainers portrayed by the English actor Timothy Spall in the 2018 film "Stanley: a Man of Variety".

paragraph: In the 2018 Laurel and Hardy biopic "Stan & Ollie", Finlayson is portrayed on the set of "Way Out West" by Scottish actor Keith Macpherson.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Sons of the Desert Tent.

paragraph: An international "oasis" of the Sons of the Desert fraternity called "OUR RELATIONS (Tent of James Finlayson)" was formed in Glasgow in 2019 by and for relatives of James.

paragraph: Section::::Italian dubber.

paragraph: In the italian version of Laurel & Hardy's movies, Finlayson is dubbed by:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olinto Cristina in Paolo Canali (Hardy) & Carlo Cassola (Laurel) dubs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luigi Pavese in Pino Locchi (Hardy) & Elio Pandolfi (Laurel) dubs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stefano Sibaldi, principal voice in Alberto Sordi (Hardy) and Mauro Zambuto (Laurel) dubs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luigi Almirante, secondary voice in Alberto Sordi (Hardy) and Mauro Zambuto (Laurel) dubs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paolo Stoppa, third voice in Alberto Sordi (Hardy) and Mauro Zambuto (Laurel) dubs

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Finlayson at the Complete Index to World Film

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Finlayson at WikiTree

description: actor

wikidata_label: Jimmy Finlayson

wikipedia_title: James Finlayson (actor)


text: Shanghai

text: Municipal Council

text: Angus, Scotland

text: Manchester Grammar School

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: Manchester

text: Henry Lester

text: Shanghai Municipal Council

text: Hong Kong Cemetery

text: Happy Valley, Hong Kong

text: Bell's gravestone in Hong Kong

categories: 1873 births,Chairmen of the Shanghai Municipal Council,History of Shanghai

paragraph: Alexander Dunlop Bell

paragraph: Alexander Dunlop Bell (1873–1937) was a businessman who served as the chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council from 1932 to 1934.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Bell was born on 14 November 1873 in Angus, Scotland. He was the son of Reverend Benjamin Bell and Margaret (Dunlop) Bell. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge, B.A. 1896, M.A. 1900. He married Nora Sunderland in Manchester on 24 June 1903.

paragraph: Bell moved to Shanghai in 1907 and joined Barlow and Co, importers. He was manager of the firm until 1930 when he retired from executive duties. He was a member of the board of directors of the Shanghai Gas Company, Shanghai Water Works and Gordon & Co. He was also trustee of the estate of Henry Lester

paragraph: Bell was a member of the Shanghai Municipal Council from 1924. He was elected Chairman in 1932 and 1933.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Bell died in March 1937 in Shanghai. With the closing of foreign cemeteries in the 1950s in Shanghai, his grave was reinterred at Hong Kong Cemetery, Happy Valley, Hong Kong in 1956.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bell declaring the Shanghai Museum open to the public in 1933

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bell's gravestone in Hong Kong

description: British businessman

wikidata_label: Alexander Dunlop Bell

wikipedia_title: Alexander Dunlop Bell