text:
VC
ERD
DL
Victoria Cross
Commonwealth
South Shields
Lieutenant-Commander
Gallipoli
Pocklington School
National Provincial Bank
Rugby
Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve
midshipman
Sub-Lieutenant
Royal Navy
Second Lieutenant
Durham Light Infantry
Captain
second lieutenant
The Durham Light Infantry
British Army
World War II
River Dyle
Gastuche
Belgium
George VI
London Gazette
Deputy Lieutenant
World War II
Durham Light Infantry Museum
Victoria Cross
1939–1945 Star
Defence Medal
War Medal 1939–1945
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
Army Emergency Reserve Decoration
bar
Wedding anniversary
British VCs of World War 2
Monuments To Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Second Lieutenant R.W. Annand
UK National Archives
Richard Annand
Victoria Cross Society
Burial location of Richard Annand
Obituary
The Daily Telegraph
Times obituary

categories: British World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross,People educated at Pocklington School,2004 deaths,Durham Light Infantry officers,People from South Shields,Deputy Lieutenants of Durham,Legion of Frontiersmen members,1914 births,British Army personnel of World War II

paragraph: Richard Annand

paragraph: Captain Richard Wallace Annand VC, ERD, DL (5 November 1914 – 24 December 2004) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Annand was born in South Shields, Tyne and Wear, England and was the son of Lieutenant-Commander Wallace Moir Annand. His father was killed with the Collingwood Battalion of the Royal Naval Division at Gallipoli in June 1915. He was educated at Pocklington School, East Yorkshire. Upon leaving school he worked at the National Provincial Bank first at South Shields and then in Rugby and finally in London.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: In 1933, Annand joined the Tyne Division of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve as a midshipman. He was promoted to Sub-Lieutenant in 1936 and completed both a navigation and a gunnery course. In 1937 he applied for a commission in the Royal Navy but was refused because of his age.

paragraph: Annand was commissioned into the Supplementary Reserve of Officers as a Second Lieutenant of the Durham Light Infantry on 29 January 1938. He was promoted to Captain on 28 January 1948. He relinquished his commission due to disability on 29 December 1948 but retained the rank of Captain.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Victoria Cross.

paragraph: "Dickie" Annand was 25 years old, and a second lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion, The Durham Light Infantry, British Army during World War II when a deed took place on 15 May 1940, near the River Dyle, Gastuche, Belgium for which he was awarded the VC. This was the first Victoria Cross awarded to a member of the British Army in World War II. He was invested with the Victoria Cross by King George VI at Buckingham Palace on 3 September 1940.

paragraph: The entry in the London Gazette concerning his Victoria Cross appeared in a supplement on 23 August 1940. It read as follows:

paragraph: For most conspicuous gallantry on the 15th–16th May 1940, when the platoon under his command was on the south side of the River Dyle, astride a blown bridge. During the night a strong attack was beaten off, but about 11 a.m. the enemy again launched a violent attack and pushed forward a bridging party into the sunken bottom of the river. Second Lieutenant Annand attacked this party, but when ammunition ran out he went forward himself over open ground, with total disregard for enemy mortar and machine-gun fire. Reaching the top of the bridge, he drove out the party below, inflicting over twenty casualties with hand grenades. Having been wounded he rejoined his platoon, had his wound dressed, and then carried on in command.

paragraph: Richard Annand's platoon sergeant said later "Mr Annand came to me at platoon headquarters and asked for a box of grenades as they could hear Jerry trying to repair the bridge. Off he went and he sure must have given them a lovely time because it wasn't a great while before he was back for more.

paragraph: During the evening another attack was launched and again Second Lieutenant Annand went forward with hand grenades and inflicted heavy casualties on the enemy. When the order to withdraw was received, he withdrew his platoon, but learning on the way back that his batman was wounded and had been left behind, he returned at once to the former position and brought him back in a wheelbarrow, before losing consciousness as the result of wounds.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: On 11 February 1956, Annand became a Deputy Lieutenant for the County of Durham.

paragraph: Upon retirement from the military, and because of the injuries he sustained during World War II, Annand became involved in helping disabled people. He was a founder member of the British Association for the Hard of Hearing, which became Hearing Concern in 1963, and was also involved in the founding of the Durham County Association for the Disabled.

paragraph: Richard Annand died at Durham shortly after his 90th birthday on 24 December 2004. His service uniform and his Victoria Cross are on display in the Durham Light Infantry Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and decorations.

paragraph: Medal entitlement of Captain Richard Annand – 2nd Bn, Durham Light Infantry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939–1945 Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- Defence Medal (1939–45)

paragraph: BULLET::::- War Medal 1939–1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Army Emergency Reserve Decoration and bar (1980)

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He married Shirley Osborne in 1940 and celebrated their Diamond Wedding anniversary on 9 November 2000. They did not have any children.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British VCs of World War 2 (John Laffin, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monuments To Courage (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria Cross Society (Victoria Cross Society, 2004)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Lieutenant R.W. Annand in "The Art of War" exhibition at the UK National Archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Annand

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria Cross Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burial location of Richard Annand (County Durham)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary in The Daily Telegraph (28 December 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Times obituary

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Richard Annand

wikipedia_title: Richard Annand


text:
actor
Broome, Western Australia
"Bran Nue Dae"
Deadly Award

categories: Indigenous Australian actors,Australian male film actors,Australian male child actors,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people),People from Broome, Western Australia

paragraph: Rocky McKenzie

paragraph: Phillip "Rocky" McKenzie is an Aboriginal-Australian film actor from Broome, Western Australia. He played Willie in the film version of "Bran Nue Dae". In 2010, he won a Deadly Award for Male Actor of the Year.

description: Australian actor

wikidata_label: Rocky McKenzie

wikipedia_title: Rocky McKenzie


text:
Skanderbeg
Donika Kastrioti
Gjergj Arianiti
Kruja
San Pietro in Galatina
Soleto
Monte Sant'Angelo
San Giovanni Rotondo
Ferdinand I of Naples
Gagliano del Capo
Oria
Italy
Himara
Ottomans
Ivan Crnojević
Kastriot principality
Jerina Branković
Lazar Branković
Costantino Castriota
Bishop of Isernia
Ferrante
Manuel II Palaiologos

categories: House of Kastrioti,Counts of Soleto,Year of birth uncertain,15th-century Albanian people,1456 births,Albanian Roman Catholics,1514 deaths

paragraph: Gjon Kastrioti II

paragraph: John Castriot II (; 1456–1502), was the son of Skanderbeg, the Albanian national hero, and of Donika Kastrioti, daughter of Gjergj Arianiti. He was for a short time Lord of Kruja after his father death, Duke of San Pietro in Galatina (1485), Count of Soleto, Signore of Monte Sant'Angelo and San Giovanni Rotondo. In 1495 Ferdinand I of Naples gave the title of the Signore of Gagliano del Capo and Oria. While in his teens he was forced to leave the country after the death of his father in 1468. He is known also for his role in the Albanian uprising of 1481, when, after reaching the Albanian coast from Italy settling in Himara, he tried to struggle against the Ottomans. In June 1481 he supported forces of Ivan Crnojević to successfully recapture Zeta from Ottomans. He was unable to re-establish the Kastriot principality and liberate Albania from the Ottomans, and he retired in Italy after three years of war in 1484.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married Jerina Branković, daughter of Serbian Despot Lazar Branković. They had the following issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giorgio (died 1540),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Costantino Castriota (1477–1500), Bishop of Isernia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferrante (d. 1561), duke of San Pietro in Galatina

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria (d. 1569)

paragraph: The Castriota descendants living in Italy today represent the only descendants of Manuel II Palaiologos, great-grandfather of Jerina.

description: Albanian noble

wikidata_label: Gjon Kastrioti II

wikipedia_title: Gjon Kastrioti II


text:
Commandant
DFC
World War II
French Air Force
Vichy French
Oran
Free French
RAF
Fighter Command
Paris
military service
French Air Force
Istres
Salon-de-Provence
Avord
Oran
Armistice
Free French
Henry Lafont
Caudron Goéland
variable-pitch propeller
armed trawler
RAF Old Sarum
RAF Sutton Bridge
Hawker Hurricane
No. 615 Squadron RAF
RAF Northolt
London
RAF Kenley
Junkers 88
RAF Turnhouse
No. 340 Squadron RAF
Spitfires
No. 65 Squadron RAF
Commonwealth
Distinguished Flying Cross
No. 341 Squadron RAF
Biggin Hill
JG 2
Flying Fortresses
Blockhaus d'Éperlecques
Pas de Calais
Middelkerke
Père Lachaise Cemetery
military honours
Les Invalides
Philip John Stead
edition
reissue
14th Arrondissement of Paris
a nearby footbridge
River Seine
Eperlecques
Cambrai
Épinoy
Cazaux
Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle
London
vitrine
BBC One
Jan Leeming
Inside Out
campaign medal
Battle of Britain Clasp

categories: Free French military personnel of World War II,1943 deaths,French World War II pilots,Royal Air Force pilots of World War II,French diarists,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,1914 births,The Few

paragraph: René Mouchotte

paragraph: Commandant René Mouchotte DFC (21 August 1914 – 27 August 1943) was a World War II pilot of the French Air Force, who escaped from Vichy French–controlled Oran to join the Free French forces. Serving with RAF Fighter Command, he rose to command a fighter wing before being shot down and killed on 27 August 1943.

paragraph: Section::::French Air Force.

paragraph: Born into a wealthy family on 21 August 1914 in Paris, Mouchotte began his military service in October 1935 with the French Air Force at Istres, where he was promoted to corporal (April 1936), master corporal (March 1937) and sergeant (April 1937); he qualified as a pilot in February 1937. In January 1939, he transferred to the reserve and resumed civilian life. Recalled in September 1939, he was posted to training establishments at Salon-de-Provence and Avord as a flying instructor. Despite several requests to join a fighter squadron, he was transferred to Oran in May 1940 for a conversion course to twin-engined aircraft. After the Armistice, the pilots on the base were ordered not to escape to join the Free French and the aircraft were placed under armed guard. Despite this, Mouchotte and five comrades (including Henry Lafont) escaped in a twin-engined Caudron Goéland aircraft, only to find that the controls for the variable-pitch propellers had been disabled, making the take-off hazardous. However they did manage to land in Gibraltar and later transferred to the Free French armed trawler, "Président Houduce" and sailed to England.

paragraph: Section::::In Britain.

paragraph: After arriving in Britain Mouchotte trained at RAF Old Sarum and RAF Sutton Bridge on Hawker Hurricanes, before being posted to No. 615 Squadron RAF at RAF Northolt in northwest London. He carried out his first operational sortie on 11 October 1940. The squadron moved to RAF Kenley in December 1940 and in August 1941 Mouchotte participated in the shooting-down of a Junkers 88. In November 1941 he transferred to RAF Turnhouse, where the Free French No. 340 Squadron RAF was training on Spitfires; he became a flight commander in February 1942 and subsequently squadron commander of No. 65 Squadron RAF, the first RAF squadron to be commanded by a non-Commonwealth officer. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 1 September 1942.

paragraph: Finally he took command of No. 341 Squadron RAF ("Groupe de Chasse n° 3/2 "Alsace"") with the Biggin Hill Wing. On 15 May 1943, S/L 'Jack' Charles (611 squadron) and Mouchotte both destroyed a Fw 190 of I./JG 2, as the Biggin Hill Wing's 999th and 1,000th kill claim.

paragraph: He was shot down and killed in combat with Fw 190s of JG 2 during Ramrod S.8, escorting Flying Fortresses on the first daylight raid to Blockhaus d'Éperlecques in the Pas de Calais on 27 August 1943. His body was later washed ashore on 3 September and was buried in Middelkerke, Belgium. After the War in 1949, his body was exhumed, repatriated and buried in the family tomb at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris on 3 November after a memorial service with full military honours conducted at Les Invalides in Paris.

paragraph: He had accumulated some 1,748 flying hours, including 408 operational hours flying 382 war sorties. He had claimed two aircraft destroyed (with a further one "shared"), one "probable" and one damaged.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: After the war, his diaries and flying logs were compiled into a book by Andre Dezarrois which was published in France in 1949 as ""Les carnets de René Mouchotte, 1940-1943"" and later as ""Mes carnets : juin 1940-août 1943"". In 1956 it was translated into English by Philip John Stead and published in the United Kingdom under the title "The Mouchotte Diaries"; by the following year eight editions had been printed. The book was reissued in France in 2000 and in the UK in 2003.

paragraph: In Paris a street "Rue du Commandant Rene Mouchotte" in the 14th Arrondissement of Paris and a nearby footbridge over the River Seine are named after him. There are two plaques in his memory at Eperlecques. A French Air Force base at Cambrai-Épinoy was named "Base Aérienne 103 "Commandant René Mouchotte"" in his honour. Cambrai Epinoy is no longer an active establishment, so the French Air Force Training Base at Cazaux was named after Commandant Mouchotte in September 2012. At the Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle in London on 18 June 2013 a vitrine by Yorkshire Air Museum was unveiled in honour of Commandant René Mouchotte & the "Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres". The RAF headquarters in Gibraltar was renamed the Mouchotte Building on the weekend of the Battle of Britain Commemorations on 14–15 September 2013.

paragraph: Mouchotte was the subject of a BBC One television programme by Jan Leeming, shown in the United Kingdom on "Inside Out" on 28 January 2013 and another version filmed at Elvington in February 2013. Mouchotte's British campaign medals, including the Battle of Britain Clasp, were not presented to his family after the war and were obtained by the Yorkshire Air Museum & Allied Air Forces Memorial who presented them to his sister along with footage of her brother taken in 1943, recently discovered by the Museum shortly before she died in June 2012. Later they were officially presented to family members along with the medals of Mouchotte's friend Henry Lafont, in the British Ambassador's Residence in Paris on 13 July 2012.

wikidata_label: René Mouchotte

wikipedia_title: René Mouchotte


text:
pop
R&B
Italy
Middle East
Pope John Paul II
Fiera Milano
United Arab Emirates
Italy
Lubna Khalid Al Qasimi
UNESCO
Holy See
Giorgio Napolitano
Queen Rania of Jordan
Angels Onlus
Italy
Lebanon
Kossovo
Esercito Italiano
UNIFIL
Gaza
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Princess Haya bint Al Hussein
Los Angeles
United Arab Emirates
Shaikh Zayed
My Space Profile
Youtube Channel
Press
Love Angels
Benedetta Paravia

paragraph: Princess Bee

paragraph: Princess Bee (real name Benedetta Paravia), is a pop and R&B singer/songwriter, soprano, philanthropist and producer, born in Italy but well known also in Middle East countries for her humanitarian effort.

paragraph: Since her childhood expressed a true love for art: painting and writing poems called her to exhibit and travel to many countries. Her first medal was at the age of 8 when she donated her poem “Le farfalle” to Pope John Paul II.

paragraph: She also developed an early interest for international politic. In 2005 she organized and directed the "U.A.E. - Italy Economic Partnership Forum" in Fiera Milano Congressi Center to strength the political and economical relationship between the United Arab Emirates and Italy. The forum was opened by H.H. Shaikha Lubna Khalid Al Qasimi , U.A.E. Minister of Economy and several Italian authorities with the participation of the Chambers of Commerce of both countries.

paragraph: In 2006 she wrote the lyrics of the song "Angels", music by Tiziano Bernardini, Emiliano Palmieri e Mario Parruccini. The song talks about two young girls, the Israeli Rachel Levy and the Palestinian Ayat Al Akras, who died in 2002 during a kamikaze attack in a supermarket.

paragraph: "Angels" is the first and the only one song which has received the patronage of UNESCO (Commissione Nazionale Italiana) as of fundamental importance for peace and solidarity between populations.

paragraph: "Angels" has also received the patronage of the Holy See and the Medal of the President of the Italian Republic Giorgio Napolitano.

paragraph: She was the youngest main speaker at the International conference “Women as global leaders” opened by Queen Rania of Jordan at its first edition.

paragraph: Since 2005 she is the Project Manager of "The Intercultural Project", an educational program made for Emirati students which supports Emiratization with the Patronage of the U.A.E. Ministry of Higher Education, the Embassy of Italy in the U.A.E. and the U.A.E. Embassy in Italy.

paragraph: The program is held at SDOA (School of Business Management and Organization) and consists in different courses addressed to the U.A.E. University Colleges.

paragraph: In 2008 she founded Angels Onlus, an humanitarian Not for Profit organization that takes care in Italy of sick children living in areas afflicted by the war or where there are no appropriate health care centers. The honorary President of Angels onlus is Her Royal Highness Princess Al Johara Al Saud.

paragraph: She organized and participated in missions of Peace both in Lebanon and Kossovo with Esercito Italiano Army Forces Leonte 8 and Leonte 9 (UNIFIL) where she personally collected medicines in Italy in favor of the needing population. The Italian Government officially authorised her to use the national Falcon 900 flights for all her missions.

paragraph: In 2010 she renewed the Al Amal orphanage in Gaza with the cooperation of the Italian Government.

paragraph: In 2013 she has been appointed international ambassador of the Al Noor Training Center for Children with Special Needs donated by the ruler of Dubai Shaikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum by the benefaction of his wife Princess Haya bint Al Hussein of Jordan. She was volunteering for a year, accomplishing the mission of bringing new donations to the institution.

paragraph: She has been supported by main Italian authorities and personalities to become Ambassador of UNESCO for Italy.

paragraph: She is the co-author and producer of "Hi Dubai" TV format which she wrote to sponsor the city lifestyle and main events to attract young people to visit and to live in Dubai. "Hi Dubai" will be part of 10 seasons ("Hi Emirates" which includes "Hi Abu Dhabi") and translated in 7 languages, planned to be on air until the Expo2020 date and one year after it.

paragraph: Section::::Musician activities.

paragraph: Sounds and words of Princess Bee songs found their origins in her travels around the world, but have been especially affected by her experience for some years in the Middle East where she has worked with the local governments in the field of health and education and as well she was modelling for many international fashion brands. Furthermore, in 2005, she has collaborated in writing some international music project in Los Angeles.

paragraph: "Shock me" is a song inspired by a personal experience and talks about the story of a guy jealous and obsessed by his girlfriend and unable to love her as she deserves. The story ends because he is not able to positively surprise her.

paragraph: "Shock me" video clip has been on air on "MTV Arabia", "Melody Hits TV" and "Ghanam". It has been awarded at the 67th Venice Film Festival during the show "Il cinema incontra la musica".

paragraph: In October 2010 Princess Bee has been awarded during the 8th edition of "Roma Video Clip ". Starting from October 2010, "Shock me" is also on air on several Italian networks.

paragraph: By 1 January 2012 Princess Bee had released the new single "Touch my skin" through music web portals like iTunes, Amazon, Google Music, Facebook and Last.FM. "Touch my skin" is a dance song, aiming to put the message across of how today’s society gives in to the promotion of false values. "Touch my skin" video has been filmed in modern London where she plays as a vampire carefully selecting her victims and making them slaves for her privileged circle.

paragraph: The story is an allegory about the corrupt part of society that refers to false values such as luxury, aesthetics and power, abusing the minds of those who are weakest and most vulnerable.

paragraph: In September 2012 she released the single "Loving heart" a tribute to Rome, the Eternal city. It talks about the story of a teen confused by the choice between two guys, one rich and spoiled and one simple but truly able to love her.

paragraph: In 2014 it was announced the new single "Emaraat", a song she dedicated to the United Arab Emirates in collaboration with Nicola Volpi which is the first international tribute for the country in memory of Shaikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan first President of the U.A.E. The song has been released in November 2014, before the National day and is a duetto with Harbi Al Amri [7] and has been produced in Fayez Al Saeed studio in Dubai by Hussam Kamil. The Arabic lyrics are written by the Emarati National poet Ali Al Khawar. For some weeks Emaraat has been an unbeaten best seller in the Virgin Megastores for both categories Arabic and International.

paragraph: My Space Profile

paragraph: Youtube Channel

paragraph: Press

paragraph: Love Angels

paragraph: Benedetta Paravia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.myspace.com/princessbeemusic

description: Italian singer

wikidata_label: Princess Bee

wikipedia_title: Princess Bee


text: Member of Parliament for Sussex

text: Battle

text: East India Company

text: riding habit

text: evening dresses

text: Dictionary of National Biography

text: Emma Roberts

text: Clayton Priory

categories: British women writers,1796 births,1873 deaths,British biographers,British India,British travel writers

paragraph: Anne Elwood

paragraph: Anne Elwood (née Curteis, 1796 – 24 February 1873) was a British traveller, writer and biographer. It was claimed that she was the first woman to travel overland from Britain to India.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Anne was born in 1796 to Edward Jeremiah Curteis, a writer and an independent Member of Parliament for Sussex, and his wife Mary Curteis. They lived near Battle.

paragraph: She married on 9 January 1824 to Major Charles William Elwood. He was about 15 years older than her and he had worked for many years for the East India Company. The couple set off for India in 1825 and it was claimed that she was the first female to travel overland to India. She described her journey using the device of letters home which she published as "Narrative of a Journey Overland from England to India" in 1830. The book described her journey to India via Egypt and it was illustrated by her and her husband. She advised on the need for three days of underwear, riding habits and several evening dresses.

paragraph: Elwood's book also included not only descriptions of her time in India when her husband was leading a regiment, but also the couple's return to England in 1828 by sea.

paragraph: Her second book was also remarkable. Elwood says that she could not find a book about women writers and so she decided to write one. "Memoirs of the Literary Ladies of England from the Commencement of the Last Century" was published in 1841 and it described the life of 29 leading women. Elwood knew several of the women and she was given access to their documents. The book was well regarded and was used as a source for the "Dictionary of National Biography". Her writing was not always objective. She included Emma Roberts in her leading women who had later travelled to India. Elwood thought her journey of two months was too fast.

paragraph: Elwood died in Clayton Priory in 1873.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Narrative of a Journey Overland from England" (1830)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memoirs of the Literary Ladies of England" (1845)

alias:
Anne Katherine Curteis
Mrs Elwood
Mrs Anne Elwood
Anne Katharine Elwood

description: British traveller and biographer

wikidata_label: Anne Elwood

wikipedia_title: Anne Elwood


href: Leipzig chandlery Lindau

text: Leipzig chandler Lindau

categories: Cookbook writers,People from Leipzig,1713 deaths,German women writers,1640 births,18th-century German writers,Women cookbook writers

paragraph: Susanna Eger

paragraph: Susanna Eger, also Egerin, née Born (1640–1713) was a German cook and cookbook writer. She is remembered for her pioneering "Leipziger Kochbuch" (Leipzig Cookbook), first published in 1706. It was later translated into Swedish as "En nödig och nyttig hushålds och kokbok" (1733), becoming one of Sweden's earliest cookbooks.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Leipzig in 1640, Eger was the daughter of Carl Günther Born, a chandler. In 1657, she married the merchant Johann Jacob Eger from Lindau with whom she had four children. Following the early death of her husband, she began to earn her livelihood by becoming a cook for Leipzig's affluent burgers.

paragraph: As a result of carefully noting some 900 recipes, in 1706 she was able to publish her "Leipziger Kochbuch". The first edition was published under her initials "S. E.", but later editions gave her full name as Susanna Egerin. Early editions gave the full title as "Leipziger Koch-Buch, worinnen zu sehen, was man so wohl auf seinen Täglichen Tisch, als auch bey Gastereyen und Hochzeiten, gutes und delicates auftragen, auch Tische und Tafeln mit Spiesen zierlich besetzen kan." (roughly: Leipzig cookbook containing both fine and delicate dishes for everyday use and for presenting on the tables of receptions and weddings). The cookbook is one of the earliest containing precise details of quantities, weights and measures.

paragraph: Five editions of the "Leipziger Kochbuch" were published between 1706 and 1745. It was reprinted in 1984 with a new edition in 2005. Susanna Eger died in Leipzig in 1713.

description: German author and cook

wikidata_label: Susanna Eger

wikipedia_title: Susanna Eger


text:
Hartlebury
Hampstead
Winchester
Winchester College
Kilmeston
Evening Standard
London County Council
Scotland
Girl Scouts of the USA
Hull Daily Mail
Girl Scouts of the USA
New England
Notting Hill
Winchester
BBC
Children's Hour
Jackanory
Kilmeston
Jane Austen
Charlotte Yonge
Bible
Norse
Middle East
Japan
India
Russia
London blitz
World War II

categories: English women writers,English children's writers,1875 births,British storytellers,19th-century English writers,People from Worcestershire (before 1974),19th-century women writers,1972 deaths,20th-century English writers

paragraph: Elizabeth Clark (author)

paragraph: Annette Elizabeth Clark (14 May 1875 – 21 April 1972) who was known to her family as Nettie, was a story teller of children's stories, a lecturer in the craft of story telling and the author of ten collections of children's stories published during her lifetime. Her stories were broadcast on the BBC children's programmes.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Elizabeth Clark was born in 1875 the eldest of six children to Reverend William Maitland Clark and Annette Laura Clark in Hartlebury where her father was headmaster of Hartlebury Grammar School. Four years later the family moved to another school in Hampstead and then, in about 1883, to Kingsgate House in Winchester to establish a boys' preparatory school. They lived at Kingsgate House until 1904 when it was sold to Winchester College. While at Kingsgate House Elizabeth Clark along with her sisters were some of the earliest pupils at the (then) Winchester High School for Girls (now St Swithun's).

paragraph: Her father subsequently became vicar of Kilmeston, east of Winchester. As the eldest daughter in a Victorian/Edwardian vicarage, she was expected to assist her parents in the life of the parish. She gradually became aware of her latent gift as a storyteller as she began to capture the interest of the village children by telling them fairy stories. She became determined to make storytelling her life's work and left home to live in London.

paragraph: In 1915 she was invited to give regular Story-hours at the then newly formed Play-Centres. The following year she gave a course of lectures at the West Ham and District Education Centre. The photograph above is taken from a promotional pamphlet she put out which quoted favourable press reviews, including an article that appeared in the Evening Standard: "Miss Elizabeth Clark is an idealist. Her stories are related with a sympathetic understanding of what a child wants to know ... She can carry the children with her not only into the well-known world of Grimm and Anderson but along routes of old saga for which East and West are alike responsible."

paragraph: Section::::After the First World War.

paragraph: In 1919 the London County Council appointed her to give a course of lectures to London teachers which she continued to give twice a year for more than ten years. Meanwhile, she was lecturing to an increasing number of students in the University Training Centres in Scotland. In 1931 she was invited by the Executive of the National Girl Scouts of the USA to lecture at their conferences in the East and Mid-West. After a tour of two months, she returned to England following which she gave a talk at a Luncheon Club in Hull on storytelling in America. The following appeared the Hull Daily Mail:

paragraph: "As I write I cannot help still thinking of the delightful way of story-telling which is possessed by Miss Elizabeth Clark, who spoke at the Women's Luncheon Club, Hull, on the art of story-telling in America. I remembered her as soon as she began, and the fact that she had been to the Luncheon Club before, and had enchanted me especially with the tale of a hungry family finding a cabbage in their garden which grew and grew until they had enough to make a good meal and soup for the whole family even giving the "Little Moose a cup o' soup", to use the wording of a child to whom she had previously told it."

paragraph: "She really is a refreshing person, and makes one feel young again as well as becoming extremely envious of her art. I think, too, she makes our next feeble attempt at story-telling easier, because she makes you realise that to understand a story people must really “see” in their mind the objects spoken of. She always gives a vivid picture, and you have no doubt as to what the people in the story are like, what the surroundings look like."

paragraph: Her 1933 publication "Twenty Tales for Telling" was dedicated to the Girl Scouts of the USA and includes a story "Jack-in-the-Pulpit" based on her experiences in New England. Alexander Haddow wrote in a review of this collection about Elizabeth Clark's power of telling stories:

paragraph: "Those who have heard her tell a story know what a perfect artist she is, how she lives her part, what perfect command of her voice and what a gift of expression she has."

paragraph: He had heard her speak and wondered how a girl of eight would react to the printed text. Having read them all, the girl to whom he gave the book pronounced them all lovely leaving the reviewer with the strong impression that Miss Clark's charm had come through in print.

paragraph: "There's a sweetness in her English and a simplicity both in vocabulary and construction that make it particularly suitable for children."

paragraph: She lived in the Notting Hill area of London during the inter war years, returning to Winchester before the second world war where she lived with her sister Dorothy who taught Mathematics at St. Swithun's. She continued to lecture regularly and widely in England and Scotland.

paragraph: Elizabeth Clark's stories were broadcast on the BBC children's programme Children's Corner between 1924 and 1926 sometimes told by others sometimes told by her. Similarly, her stories could be heard during the war years between 1940-1944 and later from 1961-1965 on Children's Hour. Some were subsequently told on the BBC's TV Jackanory programme in 1979.

paragraph: In 1951 she wrote to the Director of Studies, Mr Hardie, for the Training of Teachers at the Training College in Aberdeen explaining she would find it difficult to continue her regular visits there. However, she continued to tell stories nearer home. She died in Winchester in April 1972 and is buried at Kilmeston.

paragraph: In 1995 Winchester City Council included in a citywide literary festival an exhibition entitled "Hampshire Daughters". This featured three women writers with Winchester connections: Jane Austen, Charlotte Yonge and Elizabeth Clark who were born approximately 50 years apart.

paragraph: Section::::Technique and sources of material.

paragraph: For the material for her stories, she drew upon folklore worldwide, from history, legend and the Bible. "Stories to Tell and How to Tell Them", "More Stories and how to Tell Them" and "The Tale that had no Ending" each have an introduction on the art of storytelling and following each story some comments about, for example, its origin and tips on how to tell or read it.

paragraph: For the tales from legend, she explains where she found the tale and how and why she adapted it. In "The Old Woman and the Pixies and the Tulips" she 'builds' the little white house in detail, its garden and all its flowers until the scene stands clear and the action can begin. In her notes she urges setting the scene slowly and without hurry for the listeners to be able to place themselves in context. "...unless listeners have a perfect idea of the "geography" of the story, they will not be able to grasp the situation as they should". There is often a moral as in the Norse folk-tale "Jonathan John and his Wife", but earlier versions she felt had been brief and concentrated too much on the quarrel between man and wife, and a bias against Jonathan which she sought to rebalance. Others like the "Old Woman who Lived in a Vinegar Bottle" and "Good Luck and Mrs Featherfuss" each have a lesson too, but after finishing it the reader, young or old, is left to decide for themselves what that lesson is.

paragraph: In her telling of Bible stories, as in "A Little Book of Bible Stories", included stories such as that of Moses and Miriam and "The Little Ark of Rushes". Other legendary stories were set in the Middle East, Japan, India and Russia.

paragraph: She often drew on her own experiences as in for example the Elizabeth Ann Stories about her own childhood in which things happen to, or are made to happen by, Elizabeth Ann and her sister Ruth Mabel (her younger sister in real life). Many of her stories were initially published in the periodical "Child Education". For example, between January 1944 and December 1946 she published seven short stories about a little girl called Polly and her great-grandmother. These were later included in "Sunshine Tales for Rainy Days". One of her original stories (as opposed to retold legends) "Father Christmas and the Donkey", which was first published in 1942 as "The Donkey that Helped Father Christmas", was written following the London blitz in World War II and for children evacuated as a result. The boys in the original story were evacuees from the blitz.

paragraph: Clark's love of animals shines through her collections. Sometimes it's the interactions amongst animals alone as in "Father Sparrow's Tug of War". Sometimes humans' relationships and interdependence with animals is the key to the story as in (albeit very briefly) "Robin Redbreast's Thanksgiving" not forgetting of course "Father Christmas and the Donkey".

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: In total, Clark wrote over a hundred stories by the end of her life. The majority of these appear in her published collections:

paragraph: Some stories have been republished since her death:

description: English writer

wikidata_label: Elizabeth Clark

wikipedia_title: Elizabeth Clark (author)


text: née

text: English

text: philosopher

text: Cambridge Platonists

text: Gottfried Leibniz

text: Sir Heneage Finch

text: Recorder of London

text: Speaker of the House of Commons

text: Charles I

text: Latin

text: Greek

text: Hebrew

text: John Finch

text: Henry More

text: Christ's College, Cambridge

text: René Descartes

text: Kensington Palace

text: Edward Conway

text: Earl of Conway

text: Lurianic Kabbalah

text: Quakerism

text: migraine

text: jugular vein

text: Thomas Willis

text: Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont

text: Amsterdam

text: Cartesian

text: Henry More's

text: Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont

text: Christian Knorr von Rosenroth

text: Merchant, Carolyn

text: Leibniz

text: A Celebration of Women Writers

text: Peter King's page

text: William Uzgalis' page

categories: Cambridge Platonists,English viscountesses,Converts to Quakerism,English Quakers,English philosophers,Finch-Hatton family,17th-century writers,Early Modern philosophers,17th-century English women writers,1679 deaths,English women philosophers,1631 births

paragraph: Anne Conway (philosopher)

paragraph: Anne Conway (also known as Viscountess Conway; "née" Finch; 14 December 1631 – 23 February 1679) was an English philosopher whose work, in the tradition of the Cambridge Platonists, was an influence on Gottfried Leibniz. Conway's thought is a deeply original form of rationalist philosophy, with hallmarks of gynocentric concerns and patterns that lead some to think of it as unique among seventeenth-century systems.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Anne Finch was born to Sir Heneage Finch (who had held the posts of the Recorder of London and Speaker of the House of Commons under Charles I) and his second wife, Elizabeth (daughter of William Cradock of Staffordshire). Her father died the week before her birth. She was the youngest child. Her early education was by tutors and included Latin, to which she later added Greek and Hebrew. Her half-brother, John Finch, who encouraged her interests in philosophy and theology, introduced Anne to the Cambridge Platonist Henry More, who was one of John's tutors at Christ's College, Cambridge. This led to a lifelong correspondence and close friendship between them on the subject of René Descartes' philosophy, over the course of which Anne grew from More's informal pupil to his intellectual equal. More said of her that he had "scarce ever met with any Person, Man or Woman, of better Natural parts than Lady Conway" (quoted in Richard Ward's "The Life of Henry More" (1710) p. 193), and that "in the knowledge of things as well Natural and Divine, you have not onely out-gone all of your own Sex, but even of that other also." Conway grew up in the house now known as Kensington Palace, which her family owned at the time.

paragraph: In 1651, she married Edward Conway, later 1st Earl of Conway, and in the following year More dedicated his book "Antidote against Atheism" to her. In 1658, Anne gave birth to her only child, Heneage Edward Conway, who died of smallpox just two years later. Her husband was also interested in philosophy and had himself been tutored by More, but she went far beyond him in both the depth of her thought and the variety of her interests. She became interested in the Lurianic Kabbalah, and then in Quakerism, to which she converted in 1677. In England at that time the Quakers were generally disliked and feared, and suffered persecution and even imprisonment. Conway's decision to convert, to make her house a centre for Quaker activity, and to proselytise actively was thus particularly bold and courageous.

paragraph: Her life from the age of twelve (when she suffered a period of fever) was marked by the recurrence of severe migraines. These meant that she was often incapacitated by pain, and she spent much time under medical supervision and searching for a cure (at one point even having her jugular veins opened). She had medical consults from Dr. Thomas Willis. Conway was famously treated by many of the great physicians of her time, but none of the treatments had any effect. She died in 1679 at the age of forty-seven.

paragraph: Section::::"The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy".

paragraph: The text itself was probably written in 1677 and shows the influence of Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont.

paragraph: The text was first published in Latin translation by van Helmont in Amsterdam in 1690 as "Principia philosophiae antiquissimae et recentissimae". An English edition appeared in 1692. The "Principles" develops Conway's monistic view of the world as created from one substance. Conway is critical of the Cartesian idea that bodies are constituted of dead matter, of Henry More's concept of the soul in his "Antidote Against Atheism," and of dualist theories of the relationship between the body and spirit.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The principles of the most ancient and modern philosophy" (London: n. publ., 1692) 168 pp. in 12°. — originally printed in Latin: "Principia philosophiae antiquissimae et recentissimae de Deo, Christo & Creatura", Amsterdam: M. Brown 1690.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Letters. The Correspondence of Anne, Viscountess Conway, Henry More and their friends, 1642–1684", ed. M. H. Nicolson (London 1930) 517 pp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collaborations with Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1614–1698)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Cabbalistical Dialogue" (1682) (in Christian Knorr von Rosenroth, "Kabbala denudata", 1677–1684)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Hundred Quiries moderately propounded concerning the Doctrine of the Revolution of Humane Souls" (1684).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broad, Jacqueline. "Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth Century". Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Stuart. "Leibniz and Henry More’s Cabbalistic Circle", in S. Hutton (ed.) "Henry More (1614–1687): Tercentenary Studies", Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.(Challenges the view that Conway influenced Leibniz.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duran, Jane. "Anne Viscountess Conway: a Seventeenth-Century Rationalist". "Hypatia: a Journal of Feminist Philosophy". 4 (1989): 64-79.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frankel, Lois. "Anne Finch, Viscountess Conway," Mary Ellen Waithe, ed., "A History of Women Philosophers", Vol. 3, Kluwer, 1991, pp. 41–58.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gabbey, Alan. "Anne Conway et Henry More: lettres sur Descartes" ("Archives de Philosophie" 40, pp. 379–404)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hutton, Sarah. "Conway, Anne (c.1630–79)", 1998, doi:10.4324/9780415249126-DA021-1. "Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy", Taylor and Francis, https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/biographical/conway-anne-c-1630-79/v-1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hutton, Sarah, "Lady Anne Conway", "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/conway/

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hutton, Sarah. "Anne Conway, a Woman Philosopher". Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- King, Peter J. "One Hundred Philosophers" (New York: Barron's, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Merchant, Carolyn, "The Vitalism of Anne Conway: its Impact on Leibniz's Concept of the Monad" ("Journal of the History of Philosophy" 17, 1979, pp. 255–69) (Argues that Conway influenced Leibniz by showing parallels between Leibniz and Conway.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mercer, Christia. "Platonism in Early Modern Natural Philosophy: The Case of Leibniz and Conway", in "Neoplatonism and the Philosophy of Nature", James Wilberding and Christoph Horn, ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, 103-26.

paragraph: BULLET::::- White,Carol Wayne. "The Legacy of Anne Conway (1631-1679): Reverberations from a Mystical Naturalism" (State University of New York Press, 2009)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conway (1631-1679) - Anne Conway, Viscountess Conway and Killultagh encyclopedic article at "Project Vox".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contains "The principles of the most ancient and modern philosophy", slightly modified for easier reading

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The principles of the most ancient and modern philosophy" by Anne Conway (London: n. publ., 1692) at A Celebration of Women Writers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter King's page

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Uzgalis' page

paragraph: BULLET::::- What Kind of Monist is Anne Finch Conway? Jessica Gordon-Roth, "Journal of the American Philosophical Association",Volume 4, Issue, Fall 2018 , pp. 280–297

description: British philosopher

enwikiquote_title: Anne Conway

wikidata_label: Anne Conway, Viscountess Conway

wikipedia_title: Anne Conway (philosopher)


text:
sculptor
Hartington
Derbyshire
Gothic
Salisbury Cathedral
Gloucester Cathedral
Albert Memorial
woodcut
alabaster
Alexander Beresford-Hope
Royal Academy
John Henry Foley
statues
St Augustine
St Ambrose
St Gregory
St Jerome
Bristol Cathedral
George Edmund Street
Saint Andrew's church
East Heslerton
North Yorkshire
Salisbury Cathedral
Ely
reredos
Gloucester Cathedral
chapter-house
Westminster
Sherborne
St Leonard's Church, Bridgnorth
Shropshire
Albert Memorial
Kensington Gardens
Francis Skidmore
Duke of Devonshire
Cambridge
Hampstead

categories: English male sculptors,English sculptors,1876 deaths,People from Hartington, Derbyshire,1838 births

paragraph: James Redfern

paragraph: James Frank Redfern (1838–1876), sculptor, was born at Hartington in Derbyshire, in 1838. He is best known for works incorporated into Gothic churches, including Salisbury Cathedral and Gloucester Cathedral. He also created the eight virtue statues which are included in the Albert Memorial.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: As a boy Redfern showed a taste for art by carving and modeling from the woodcuts of illustrated papers. At the suggestion of the vicar of Hartington, he executed in alabaster a group of a warrior and a dead horse. This was brought to the notice of Alexander Beresford-Hope, on whose estate Redfern was born. Hope sent him to Paris to study for six months.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: His first work exhibited at the Royal Academy, "Cain and Abel" (1859), attracted the notice of John Henry Foley. He exhibited a "Holy Family" in 1861, "The Good Samaritan" in 1863, and other subjects almost every year until his death. These were at first chiefly of a sacred character. He later also executed portrait statues. His larger works were principally designed for Gothic church decoration.

paragraph: Redfern completed a commission of sculptures of the four saintly fathers of the Latin Church, St Augustine, St Ambrose, St Gregory and St Jerome. These were originally intended for the northern porch of Bristol Cathedral but were thought too "papist" by the Dean and rejected. They were rescued by George Edmund Street and included in his design for Saint Andrew's church at East Heslerton in North Yorkshire.

paragraph: Section::::Significant works.

paragraph: Among his works are 60 statues on the west front of Salisbury Cathedral; the "statues of the Apostles" at Ely; groups of figures on the reredos and statues of saints in the south porch at Gloucester Cathedral; "Our Lord in majesty" in the chapter-house at Westminster; an elaborate reredos, representing the "crucifixion, with the martyrdoms of St. Peter and St. Andrew", in St. Andrew's Church, Wells Street; "the entombment" in the Digby mortuary chapel, Sherborne; and "Expulsion from Eden" at St Leonard's Church, Bridgnorth in Shropshire.

paragraph: He also carved the four Christian and four moral virtues including "Fortitude" on the Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens. He was the youngest sculptor employed and he was personally chosen by Scott. After Redfern's death it was said that his original statues were of a higher quality than their eventual metal realizations which were created by Francis Skidmore of Coventry. He also created the statue of the Duke of Devonshire in front of the laboratory at Cambridge.

paragraph: Redfern died at Hampstead on 13 June 1876, in the midst of a promising career.

description: British artist

wikidata_label: James Redfern

wikipedia_title: James Redfern


text:
Brussels
Jacques d'Arthois
Cornelis Huysmans
Guild of St. Luke
Jacques d'Arthois
Lodewijk de Vadder
Lucas Achtschellinck
Sonian Forest
Jan Baptist Huysmans

categories: Artists from Brussels,1669 deaths,1640 births,Flemish Baroque painters,Flemish landscape painters

paragraph: Philip van Dapels

paragraph: Philip van Dapels or Philippe van Dapels (c. 1640 – after 1669) was a Flemish painter who specialized in wooded landscapes with figures. He is known for depicting the landscapes around Brussels. Philip van Dapels' style and subject matter are close to those of his master Jacques d'Arthois and Cornelis Huysmans, two artists who like van Dapels often depicted wooded landscapes and the scenery around Brussels.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Little is known about the life of Philip van Dapels. He is assumed to have been born some time between 1635 and 1645. He is first recorded in 1654 in the books of the Brussels Guild of St. Luke as a pupil of Jacques d'Arthois. The record also notes that van Dapels was a citizen of Brussels. The last firm information about the artist is another record in the books of the Brussels Guild of St. Luke dated 1669 which lists him on becoming a master of the Guild. This last record also notes that he was the son of Pieter.

paragraph: The artist is believed to have died between 1669 and 1689.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Philip van Dapels was a landscape painter who specialized in wooded landscapes with figures. He has only been rediscovered not so long ago and very few works have been attributed to him. These include two works with the monogram 'PVD' in private collections. Two more works, recently in auctions, have also been attributed to the artist.

paragraph: His works are close to those of Cornelis Huysmans, although they are more quiet and posed. His themes are those already covered by the masters of the Brussels school of landscape painting (also referred to as the School of Painters of the Sonian Forest). This School included painters like Lodewijk de Vadder, Jacques d'Arthois and Lucas Achtschellinck who often depicted the woods and sand banks in the Sonian Forest near Brussels. Van Dapels’ style is distinguished by a rather mechanical touch in his depiction of foliage and a palette limited to browns and greens. Van Dapels and Cornelis Huysmans, as well as Cornelis' brother Jan Baptist Huysmans form the last generation of the School of Painters of the Sonian Forest.

description: Flemish landscape painter

wikidata_label: Philip van Dapels

wikipedia_title: Philip van Dapels


text:
Kraków
Academy of Music in Łódź
Reina Sofía School of Music
Natalia Shakhovskaya
Mstislav Rostropovich
Yamaha Music Foundation
Academy of Music in Kraków

categories: Polish classical cellists,2018 deaths,1977 births,Deaths from brain tumor

paragraph: Dominik Połoński

paragraph: Dominik Połoński (17 June 1977 – 20 June 2018) was a Polish concert cellist. He continued his career using his right arm, after treatment for a brain tumour.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Połoński was born in Kraków, and studied at the Academy of Music in Łódź. Winning a scholarship, he studied in Spain at the Reina Sofía School of Music with Natalia Shakhovskaya, also studying with visiting professor Mstislav Rostropovich.

paragraph: He was successful in several competitions, including first place in the competition of the Yamaha Music Foundation in 1998. He made recordings for a number of recording companies, and performed in many European countries and in the United States.

paragraph: In 2004 he was diagnosed with a brain tumour. He had several operations, and chemo- and radiotherapy, and was afterwards unable to move the left side of his body. He returned to the concert platform in 2009, playing the cello using his right arm, performing works specially written for him by Polish composers. These included compositions using percussive components and unusual string tuning.

paragraph: During his later years he also taught at the Academy of Music in Łódź and the Academy of Music in Kraków.

paragraph: Połoński died on 20 June 2018, after the disease returned.

description: Polish cellist

wikidata_label: Dominik Połoński

wikipedia_title: Dominik Połoński


text:
Mount Columbia
Assiniboine
Grand Teton
Appalachia
American Alpine Journal
Boston Transcript
Boston Globe
Explorer's Club

paragraph: Christine Reid

paragraph: Christine Lincoln Reid (May 8, 1906 - May 4, 1990) was a mountaineer and filmmaker, the first woman to climb Mount Columbia in Canada. Reid started mountain climbing in her early 20s. Her early ascents included Assiniboine and the Grand Teton. In 1936 she made many climbs in the Dolomites; discovering a new route on the Piz Popena south wall, which is named Via Christine for her.

paragraph: She was also an early film maker and documentarian. Her 16mm silent film "Klettershuh: Climbing in the Dolomites" was featured at the Tenth Annual Little Movie Party in 1939 at the Barbizon-Plaza Theatre, in New York, NY. Another silent film, "Fundamentals of Skiing" showed a man demonstrating skiing basics at the foot of the Matterhorn in Zermatt, Switzerland while title cards give added explanation and instruction.

paragraph: Reid was on the editorial board of Appalachia. She wrote for the American Alpine Journal, the Boston Transcript and the Boston Globe. She helped develop the New England chapter of the Explorer's Club and was a member of the Women's Travel Club and trustee of the American Alpine Club Research Fund.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Reid was born on May 8, 1906, to William Thomas Reid Jr. and Christine William Lincoln. Reid married Philip Dana Orcutt in 1941. The marriage ended in divorce in 1955.

description: American mountaineer and filmmaker

wikidata_label: Christine Reid

wikipedia_title: Christine Reid


text:
Banu Umayya
Mecca
conquest
Islam
Muhammad
Quraysh
Abu Bakr
al-Waqidi
Umar
al-Tabari
Abu Jahl
Aisha
Malik al-Ashtar
Battle of the Camel

categories: 7th-century Arabs,644 deaths,Banu Umayya,612 births

image: 512px-عتاب_بن_أسيد_بن_أبي_العيص_بن_أمية_بن_عبدشمس.png

paragraph: Attab ibn Asid

paragraph: ʿAttāb ibn Asīd ibn Abīʿl-ʿĪs ibn Umayya ibn ʿAbd Shams (ca. 612–644) was a member of the Banu Umayya clan who at a young age was appointed governor of Mecca in the wake of its conquest by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 629/30. He had converted to Islam after Mecca was conquered by the Muslims. Due to its sanctity for the Muslims, the governorship of Mecca was a coveted post and Attab was appointed over several other more experienced potential candidates from the Quraysh tribe, which dominated the city. He continued in the post through the caliiphate of Abu Bakr (632–634) until 634, according to 8th/9th-century historian al-Waqidi, or until 642 during the rule of Caliph Umar, according to 9th-century historian al-Tabari. Attab was married to Juwayriyya, a daughter of the pagan Qurayshi leader Abu Jahl. According to al-Waqidi, Attab died in 634, while al-Tabari held that he died in 644. His son ʿAbd al-Raḥmān was a prominent soldier in Aisha’s army who was slain by Malik al-Ashtar in the Battle of the Camel in 656.

wikidata_label: Attab ibn Asid

wikipedia_title: Attab ibn Asid


text:
Rimini
Mass
Franciscan
Our Father
Hail Mary
Third Order of St. Francis
Poor Clares
nuns
Pope Pius VI
Diocese of Rimini
Giuseppe Garampi
Beguine

wikipedia_title:
Rimini
Mass (liturgy)
Franciscans
Lord's Prayer
Hail Mary
Third Order of Saint Francis
Poor Clares
Nun
Pope Pius VI
Roman Catholic Diocese of Rimini
Giuseppe Garampi
Beguines and Beghards

categories: Italian beatified people,Poor Clares,Medieval Italian saints,1346 deaths,14th-century Italian women,Female saints of medieval Italy,1282 births,14th-century venerated Christians,Franciscan nuns

paragraph: Clare of Rimini

paragraph: Clare of Rimini, born as Chiara Agolanti, was born at Rimini in 1282 and died there on February 10, 1346.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Chiara Agolanti was born to a wealthy family of Rimini. Married at a young age, she was sent into exile upon the death of her husband. Upon her return, she witnessed the hanging of her father and brother by a rival political faction. She remarried and lived a life of pleasure and dissipation.

paragraph: According to the Stephen Donovan, one day when she was thirty-four, she attended Mass in the church of the Franciscan Friars, she seemed to hear a mysterious voice that bade her say an Our Father and a Hail Mary at least once with fervour and attention. Clare obeyed the command, not knowing from where it came, and then began to reflect upon her life.

paragraph: She decided to enter the Third Order of St. Francis, and became a model of every virtue, but especially of charity towards the destitute and afflicted. She abandoned her life of luxury and established a convent for a group of women under her direction. When the Poor Clares were compelled to leave Regno on account of the prevailing wars, it was mainly through the exertions of Clare that they were able to obtain a convent and means of sustenance at Rimini.

paragraph: Later, Clare herself entered the order of Poor Clares nuns, along with several other pious women, and became superioress of the convent of Our Lady of the Angels at Rimini. She is believed to have worked numerous miracles and towards the close of her life to have been favored in an extraordinary manner with the gift of contemplation. Her body is now in the cathedral of Rimini.

paragraph: In 1784 the cult of Blessed Clare was approved by Pope Pius VI, who permitted her feast to be celebrated in the city and Diocese of Rimini on February 10.

paragraph: Section::::Critique.

paragraph: In 1751 Giuseppe Garampi was appointed Prefect of the Vatican Archives. He published an anonymous fourteenth century "vita" of Clare of Rimini, which had served as the basis of subsequent biographies. Through the use of careful philological and historical analysis he disputed that Clare had been a Franciscan tertiary and later a Poor Clare. He also argued against her having founded the monastery of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Rimini. Garampi described her as similar to a Beguine, and was a devout laywoman who dressed in a religious habit and practiced poverty and penance, but never took vows or was under a rule. With the details of her "vita" disputed, the promotion of her cultus to canonization effectively ended.

description: Italian saint

wikidata_label: Clare of Rimini

wikipedia_title: Clare of Rimini


text:
Zorzi
Central Greece
Guglielma Pallavicini
Nicholas
Republic of Venice
Catalan
Duchy of Athens
armed horses
vicar general
Peter IV of Aragon
Maria of Sicily
Trinacria
Navarrese mercenaries
Juan de Urtubia
Thebes
Jacob
Cyclades
Serbian
Thessaly
Simeon Uroš

wikipedia_title:
Zorzi
Central Greece
Guglielma Pallavicini
Nicholas I Zorzi
Republic of Venice
Catalan Company
Duchy of Athens
Destrier
Vicar general
Peter IV of Aragon
Maria, Queen of Sicily
Kingdom of Sicily
Navarrese Company
Juan de Urtubia
Thebes, Greece
Jacob Zorzi
Cyclades
Serbian Empire
Thessaly
Simeon Uroš

categories: Marquesses of Bodonitsa,1388 deaths,Christians of the Crusades,14th-century Italian people,1337 births

paragraph: Francis Zorzi

paragraph: Francis Zorzi (or Giorgi) () (1337–1388), called Marchesotto, was a member of the Venetian Zorzi family and the Marquess of Bodonitsa in Central Greece from 1345 to his death.

paragraph: Francis was the son of Guglielma Pallavicini and her husband Nicholas, the first Zorzi lord of Bodonitsa. His parents were embroiled in a dispute when Nicholas died in 1354 and Guglielma raised Francis to co-rule with her. The Republic of Venice was pleased that one of its own was again ruling Bodonitsa and happily negotiated for Francis and his mother with the Catalan Duchy of Athens.

paragraph: Francis was a vassal of the Duke of Athens, to whom he was obligated to send an annual of tribute of four armed horses. Francis tried to maintain his independence from the Catalan vicar general of Athens and resisted the attempts of Peter IV of Aragon to establish his authority in Greece. He also supported Maria of Sicily against Peter for the Trinacrian throne. Indeed, through inheritance and "mercantile venture" he had obtained "a very fine estate" and great wealth, being the most important of Mary's princely supporters. Francis even made overtures to the Navarrese mercenaries of Juan de Urtubia before his death, perhaps encouraging their sack of Thebes. He took part in the Council of Thebes on 1 October 1373.

paragraph: He died around 1388 and was succeeded by his eldest son Jacob under the regency of his widow Euphrosyne Sommaripa of the Cyclades. He had a daughter whom he married to a Serbian lord in Thessaly (the Serbs had established themselves there under Dušan), Stephen, a son of Simeon Uroš.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Setton, Kenneth M. (general editor) "A History of the Crusades: Volume III — The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries". Harry W. Hazard, editor. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Setton, Kenneth M. "Catalan Domination of Athens 1311–1380". Revised edition. Variorum: London, 1975.

description: was the Margrave of Bodonitsa

wikidata_label: Francis Zorzi

wikipedia_title: Francis Zorzi


text:
German
biathlete
1976 Winter Olympics

categories: 1949 births,Olympic bronze medalists for East Germany,Olympic biathletes of East Germany,Olympic medalists in biathlon,Biathletes at the 1976 Winter Olympics,German male biathletes,Living people

paragraph: Karl-Heinz Menz

paragraph: Karl-Heinz Menz (born 17 December 1949) is a German former biathlete who competed in the 1976 Winter Olympics.

description: East German biathlon competitor

wikidata_label: Karl-Heinz Menz

wikipedia_title: Karl-Heinz Menz


text:
Amsterdam
Utrecht
David van der Kellen Sr.
Hendrik van Oort
Johan Philip van der Kellen
David III
portrait of David van der Kellen
David van der Kellen II
Museum De Lakenhal

categories: 1879 deaths,Dutch medallists,Dutch engravers,Artists from Amsterdam,1804 births

paragraph: David van der Kellen Jr.

paragraph: David van der Kellen Jr. (1804, Amsterdam – 1879, Utrecht), was a 19th-century engraver and medallist from the Northern Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to the RKD he was a pupil of his father David van der Kellen Sr., Hendrik van Oort, and Bruno van Straaten. He was a student of the Utrecht artist society 'Kunstliefde' and the city academy there. He made medals for special occasions as well as official coins and became the mint master for the city of Utrecht after his father died in 1825. He was the father of Johan Philip van der Kellen, who succeeded him at the Utrecht mint, and David III, who became a painter and museum director.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- portrait of David van der Kellen on website of Utrecht archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- David van der Kellen II on website of the Museum De Lakenhal in Leiden

alias:
David van der II Kellen
David van der Kellen II
David II Van Der Kellen
David van der, II Kellen

wikidata_label: David van der Kellen Jr.

wikipedia_title: David van der Kellen Jr.


text:
Monterotondo
Italian
Barberini
papal army
Pope Urban VIII
Lorenzo Magalotti
Taddeo Barberini
Francesco Barberini
Antonio Barberini
Pope Urban VIII
Cardinal
Palestrina
nepotism
Gonfalonier of the Church
Duke of Monterotondo
commune
The Prince
Niccolò Machiavelli
Gonfalone of the Church
Monterotondo
Barberini

paragraph: Carlo Barberini (1562–1630)

paragraph: Carlo Barberini, Duke of Monterotondo, (28 May 1562 – 26 February 1630) was an Italian nobleman of the Barberini family and lieutenant general of the papal army. He was the brother of Maffeo Barberini, who was elected to the papal throne as Pope Urban VIII.

paragraph: Carlo Barberini was the son of Antonio Barberini and Camilla Barbadori. As their eldest son he became patriarch of the Barberini family.

paragraph: In 1594, he married Costanza Magalotti (1575–1644), daughter of Vincenzo Magalotti and Clarice Capponi and sister of Lorenzo Magalotti.

paragraph: They had six children including Taddeo Barberini, Francesco Barberini and Antonio Barberini (Antonio the Younger). When Barberini's brother was elected to the papal throne as Pope Urban VIII, Francesco and Antonio were both elevated to Cardinal. Taddeo was given the title of Prince of Palestrina, later passed on to successive Barberini patriarchs.

paragraph: Barberini did not escape his brother's famous nepotism; he was appointed Gonfalonier of the Church and Duke of Monterotondo, a commune Barberini later bought.

paragraph: In 1626, he published a treatise concerning the disciplinary and administrative reorganization of the Papal army. He also left an unpublished synopsis on "The Prince" by Niccolò Machiavelli.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gonfalone of the Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monterotondo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barberini

description: Italian nobleman and Duke of Monterotondo, brother of pope Urban VIII

wikidata_label: Carlo Barberini

wikipedia_title: Carlo Barberini (1562–1630)


text: Appalachia

text: Bret Harte

text: Sarah Orne Jewett

text: local-color literature

text: Murfreesboro, Tennessee

text: Colonel Hardy Murfree

text: Revolutionary War

text: Murfreesboro, Tennessee

text: Hardy Murfree

text: Nashville

text: Chegary Institute

text: finishing school

text: Philadelphia

text: Beersheba Springs

text: Civil War

text: St. Louis

text: lame

text: Walter Scott

text: George Eliot

text: Beersheba Springs

text: Cumberland Mountains

text: mountain people

text: Atlantic Monthly

text: Thomas Bailey Aldrich

text: Montvale Springs

text: Knoxville

text: Evergreen Cemetery

text: e-book

text: Project Gutenberg

text: Literature of Tennessee

text: "Charles Egbert Craddock."

text: "Charles Egbert Craddock."

text: Vedder, Henry C.

text: "Charles Egbert Craddock."

categories: Novelists from Tennessee,20th-century American women writers,1922 deaths,American women novelists,American women short story writers,19th-century American women writers,19th-century American short story writers,20th-century American novelists,1850 births,19th-century American novelists,People from Murfreesboro, Tennessee,Appalachian writers

paragraph: Mary Noailles Murfree

paragraph: Mary Noailles Murfree (January 24, 1850 – July 31, 1922) was an American fiction writer of novels and short stories who wrote under the pen name Charles Egbert Craddock. She is considered by many to be Appalachia's first significant female writer and her work a necessity for the study of Appalachian literature, although a number of characters in her work reinforce negative stereotypes about the region. She has been favorably compared to Bret Harte and Sarah Orne Jewett, creating post-Civil War American local-color literature.

paragraph: The town of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, is named after Murfree's great-grandfather Colonel Hardy Murfree, who fought in the Revolutionary War.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Murfree was born on her family's cotton plantation, Grantland, near Murfreesboro, Tennessee, a location later celebrated in her novel, "Where the Battle was Fought" and in the town named after her great-grandfather, Colonel Hardy Murfree. Her father was a successful lawyer of Nashville, and her youth was spent in both Murfreesboro and Nashville. From 1867 to 1869 she attended the Chegary Institute, a finishing school in Philadelphia. Murfree would spend her summers in Beersheba Springs. For a number of years after the Civil War the Murfree family lived in St. Louis, returning in 1890 to Murfreesboro, where she lived until her death.

paragraph: Being lame from childhood, Murfree turned to reading the novels of Walter Scott and George Eliot. For fifteen successive summers the family stayed in Beersheba Springs in the Cumberland Mountains of Tennessee, giving her the opportunity to study the mountains and mountain people more closely.

paragraph: By the 1870s she had begun writing stories for "Appleton's Journal" under the penname of "Charles Egbert Craddock" and by 1878 she was contributing to the "Atlantic Monthly". It was not until seven years later, in May 1885, that Murfree divulged that she was Charles Egbert Craddock to Thomas Bailey Aldrich, an editor at the "Atlantic Monthly".

paragraph: Murfree visited the Montvale Springs resort near Knoxville, from 1886. Although she became known for the realism of her accounts, in fact she was from a wealthy family and would have had little contact with the local people while staying at the resorts.

paragraph: She is buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Murfreesboro.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Fiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Tennessee Mountains" (1884) (eight stories on the life and character of the Tennessee mountaineer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Where the Battle Was Fought" (1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Down the Ravine" (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains" (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Clouds" (1886)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Despot of Broomsedge Cove" (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Story of Keedon Bluffs" (1887)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abner Holden's Bound Boy" (1890)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the "Stranger People's" Country" (1891)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "His Vanished Star" (1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Juggler" (1897)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Story of Old Fort Loudon" (1898)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Champion" (1902)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Spectre of Power" (1903)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Frontiersmen" (1904) (e-book at Project Gutenberg)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Storm Centre" (1905)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Amulet" (1906)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Windfall" (1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fair Mississippian" (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ordeal: A Mountain Romance of Tennessee" (1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Story of Duciehurst: A Tale of the Mississippi" (1914)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Short fiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Phantoms of the Footbridge and Other Stories" (1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mystery of Witch-Face Mountain and Other Stories" (1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Young Mountaineers" (1897)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bushwhackers and Other Stories" (1899)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Civil War Stories" (contributor, 1900)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Raid of the Guerilla and Other Stories" (1912)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Literature of Tennessee

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baskervill, William M. (1897). "Charles Egbert Craddock." Nashville, Tenn.: Barbee & Smith.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harkins, E.F. & Charles H.L. Johnston (1902). "Charles Egbert Craddock." In: "Little Pilgrimages Among the Women who have Written Famous Books." Boston: L.C. Page & Co., pp. 75–90.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vedder, Henry C. (1894). "Charles Egbert Craddock." In: "American Writers Today." New York: Silver, Burdett and Company, pp. 171–186.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains" free ebook in PDF, PDB and LIT formats

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Noailles Murfree – bibliographical overview, description by a contemporary, links to works online

description: Author of Appalachian Fiction

wikidata_label: Mary Noailles Murfree

wikipedia_title: Mary Noailles Murfree


text: courtesy name

text: Eastern Han dynasty

text: Emperor Ling

text: Emperor Shao

text: Emperor Xian

text: Minister over the Masses

text: Emperor Xian

text: Lü Bu

text: Chang'an

text: Dong Zhuo

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Diaochan

text: Book of Later Han

text: Qi County

text: Shanxi

text: Yu Province

text: Zhang Rang

text: He Jin

text: Intendant of Henan

text: Luoyang

text: eunuch faction

text: Liang Province

text: Minister over the Masses

text: Lü Bu

text: Li Jue

text: Guo Si

text: Wang Ling

text: Cao Wei

text: Three Kingdoms

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Eastern Han dynasty

text: Three Kingdoms

text: Thirty-Six Stratagems

text: Diaochan

text: ji

text: Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

text: Chen, Shou

text: Records of the Three Kingdoms

text: Fan, Ye

text: Book of the Later Han

text: Luo, Guanzhong

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Pei, Songzhi

text: Sima, Guang

text: Zizhi Tongjian

categories: Executed Han dynasty people,2nd-century executions,192 deaths,People executed by the Han dynasty by decapitation,Dong Zhuo and associates,137 births,Mayors of Luoyang,Han dynasty prime ministers,Han dynasty politicians from Shanxi,Politicians from Jinzhong

paragraph: Wang Yun (Han dynasty)

paragraph: Wang Yun () (137–192), courtesy name Zishi, was an official who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. He served in the Han government through the reigns of three emperors – Emperor Ling (), Emperor Shao (189) and Emperor Xian (). The highest offices he served in were Manager of the Affairs of the Masters of Writing and Minister over the Masses in the early reign of Emperor Xian. In 192, with help from the general Lü Bu and others, he plotted a successful coup in Chang'an against Dong Zhuo, a tyrannical warlord who controlled the Han central government, and assassinated him. However, later that year, Dong Zhuo's followers staged a counter-coup and seized back control of the central government. Wang Yun, along with his family members, were captured and executed.

paragraph: In the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Wang Yun was the adoptive father of the fictional maiden Diaochan, whom he used to stir up conflict between Lü Bu and Dong Zhuo, causing the former to betray and assassinate the latter.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: According to "Book of Later Han", Wang Yun was from Qi County, Taiyuan (present-day Qi County, Shanxi). His family had many members who had served as administrative officials in the regional government for generations. Wang Yun himself was an official at the age of 19, and became the Inspector of Yu Province (豫州刺史). However, later he failed in the power struggle with the eunuch Zhang Rang. He had to abandon his position and hide himself in the countryside. After the death of Zhang Rang, the general He Jin came into power, and Wang Yun was promoted to the Gentleman of the Household and later to the Intendant of Henan (河南尹).

paragraph: In 190, the capital Luoyang fell into chaos following the death of He Jin and a bloody clash between the powerful eunuch faction and government officials. Dong Zhuo, a warlord from Liang Province (凉州) managed to take control of the situation and eventually placed in the throne a puppet emperor whom he held in his power. At the time, Wang Yun held the positions of the Minister over the Masses (司徒) and the Prefect of the Masters of Writing (尚書令).

paragraph: Dong Zhuo's subsequent tyrannical and cruel behaviour aroused the wrath of many. Wang Yun then colluded with several other officials in a plot to assassinate Dong Zhuo. The plan received a huge boost when the conspirators managed to recruit the help of Lü Bu, a formidable warrior serving as a general under Dong Zhuo. Bringing along a dozen men, Lü Bu cornered Dong Zhuo outside the palace gate and slew the tyrannical warlord.

paragraph: After the death of Dong Zhuo, rumours spread that Wang Yun, now the "de facto" head of the Han central government, wanted to purge and execute all of Dong Zhuo's former subordinates. When Wang Yun refused to grant amnesty to Dong Zhuo's former subordinates, they took up arms under the leadership of Li Jue and Guo Si, who led them to attack Chang'an. Li Jue and Guo Si defeated the Han imperial forces guarding Chang'an and occupied the capital. While Lü Bu was planning to flee Chang'an before the city fell, he asked Wang Yun to escape together with him. However, Wang Yun refused to abandon Emperor Xian and remained behind. Li Jue and Guo Si's forces captured him and killed him along with his family. Some of Wang Yun's relatives managed to escape and survive; one of them was Wang Ling, a nephew of Wang Yun, who later became a general in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.

paragraph: Section::::In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

paragraph: Wang Yun appears as a character in two chapters of the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which romanticises the events in the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China. In the novel, Wang Yun devised an elaborate plot to eliminate Dong Zhuo. It involved two of the Thirty-Six Stratagems: and .

paragraph: In Chapter 8, Wang Yun was thinking about how to get rid of Dong Zhuo when he encountered Diaochan, a singer in his household whom he had been treating like his daughter. An idea struck him: Make use of Diaochan to sow discord between Dong Zhuo and Lü Bu, and instigate Lü Bu to assassinate Dong Zhuo. He then invited Lü Bu and Dong Zhuo to his residence for a party on two separate occasions. On both occasions, he asked Diaochan to perform for the guest and catch his attention. He initially promised to marry Diaochan to Lü Bu; later, he let Dong Zhuo bring Diaochan home. When Lü Bu found out, he suspected that Dong Zhuo had seized Diaochan for himself and became very angry. One day, while Dong Zhuo was out, Lü Bu sneaked into his room to meet Diaochan. She wept and pleaded with him to save her from Dong Zhuo. In the meantime, Dong Zhuo had returned and he saw Lü Bu embracing Diaochan. He was so furious that he threw a "ji" at Lü Bu which narrowly missed him as he fled. After calming down, Dong Zhuo spoke to Diaochan and asked if she was willing to marry Lü Bu, but she said she would rather die and attempted suicide. Dong Zhuo then believed her.

paragraph: In Chapter 9, as Lü Bu became increasingly resentful of Dong Zhuo, Wang Yun used the opportunity to instigate and incite Lü Bu to turn against Dong Zhuo. Wang Yun managed to convince Lü Bu to kill Dong Zhuo, and then set up an ambush near the palace gates. He then lied to Dong Zhuo, saying that Emperor Xian wanted to abdicate his throne to him, and lured Dong Zhuo into the ambush, where he met his end at Lü Bu's hands. Later in Chapter 9, when Chang'an was surrounded by Li Jue and Guo Si's forces, Wang Yun made them promise to not harm Emperor Xian and then committed suicide in front of them by jumping off the viewing platform above the city gates.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fan, Ye (5th century). "Book of the Later Han" ("Houhanshu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguo Yanyi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). "Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi zhu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sima, Guang (1084). "Zizhi Tongjian".

description: Han Dynasty prime minister

wikidata_label: Wang Yun

wikipedia_title: Wang Yun (Han dynasty)


text:
Norwegian
ski jumper
Four Hills Tournament
Oberstdorf

categories: 1928 births,Living people,Norwegian male ski jumpers

paragraph: Erling Kroken

paragraph: Erling Kroken (born 12 November 1928) is a Norwegian ski jumper who competed in the early 1950s. He won the first Four Hills Tournament event at Oberstdorf in 1953.

description: Norwegian ski jumper

wikidata_label: Erling Kroken

wikipedia_title: Erling Kroken


text:
Kesälahti
Vantaa
Finnish
ski jumper
Four Hills Tournament
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
individual large hill
1956 Winter Olympics
Cortina d'Ampezzo
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1962
Zakopane

categories: 1932 births,Finnish male ski jumpers,2002 deaths,Ski jumpers at the 1956 Winter Olympics,People from Kesälahti,Olympic ski jumpers of Finland

paragraph: Hemmo Silvennoinen

paragraph: Hemmo Valio Silvennoinen (6 November 1932 in Kesälahti – 4 December 2002 in Vantaa) was a Finnish ski jumper who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. He won the overall event at the 1954-55 Four Hills Tournament, then won the 1955-56 Four Hills event in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

paragraph: Silvennoinen also finished tenth in the individual large hill event at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. He also finished fourth in the individual normal hill event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1962 in Zakopane.

description: Finnish ski jumper

wikidata_label: Hemmo Silvennoinen

wikipedia_title: Hemmo Silvennoinen


text:
Bakuriani
Georgian
ski jumper
Soviet Union
Four Hills Tournament
Innsbruck
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
Zakopane
1962

categories: Olympic ski jumpers of the Soviet Union,Male ski jumpers from Georgia (country),1934 births,Ski jumpers at the 1960 Winter Olympics,Ski jumpers at the 1964 Winter Olympics,Ski jumpers at the 1972 Winter Olympics,Ski jumpers at the 1956 Winter Olympics,People from Samtskhe-Javakheti,Soviet male ski jumpers,Living people

paragraph: Koba Zakadze

paragraph: Koba Tsakadze (, ) (born 19 August 1934 in Bakuriani) is a Georgian ski jumper who competed from 1955 to 1972 for the Soviet Union. He won two events at Four Hills Tournament with one in 1955-56 (Innsbruck) and the other in 1960-61 (Garmisch-Partenkirchen).

paragraph: Tsakadze also competed in two FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, earning his best finish of fifth in the individual normal hill event at Zakopane in 1962.

description: Soviet ski jumper

wikidata_label: Koba Zakadze

wikipedia_title: Koba Zakadze


text: Irish

text: Cork

text: Young Ireland

text: Daniel O'Connell

text: Punch

text: A. M. Sullivan

text: Harry Furniss

text: Vanity Fair

text: Thomas Fitzpatrick

text: The Nation

text: Irish Literary Society

text: Evening Telegraph

text: London

text: William Ewart Gladstone

categories: 1922 deaths,Irish editorial cartoonists,People from Cork (city)

paragraph: John Fergus O'Hea

paragraph: John Fergus O'Hea (b. "c." 1838; d. 2 September 1922) was an Irish political cartoonist who sometimes published under the pseudonym Spex. Born in Cork, he was the son of James O'Hea, a barrister who was active in the Young Ireland movement and had been secretary to Daniel O'Connell. He attended the Cork School of Design, and painted trade union banners for Cork parades in the 1860s, 70s and 80s.

paragraph: As a cartoonist, his early work appeared in the Dublin "Weekly News", a nationalist newspaper, in the late 1860s. In 1870 he co-founded the humorous magazine "Zozimus", an Irish answer to "Punch", with journalist A. M. Sullivan. O'Hea was chief artist and drew the covers. In its second year Richard Dowling became editor. Other cartoonists who contributed included Harry Furniss and Wallis Mackay. O'Hea also drew cartoons for the "European Civiliser" in the early 1870s. In 1872, after "Zozimus" folded, he moved to London and contributed to an Irish-run magazine called "Tomahawk", which only lasted a few issues.

paragraph: Back in Dublin in 1874, O'Hea, Dowling and Edwin Hamilton founded "Ireland's Eye". After the style of "Vanity Fair", each issue featured a colour caricature of a notable person, drawn by O'Hea under the name "Spex". Two editions of each issue were published, one at 6d with the cartoon in colour, the other at 3d with the cartoon in black and white. "Ireland's Eye" closed in 1876, after which O'Hea and Hamilton revived "Zozimus" as "Zoz". O'Hea drew a full or double page cartoon in each issue until it too folded two years later. In 1879 O'Hea and Hamilton launched a new magazine, "Pat", which ran until 1883 and also featured cartoons by Thomas Fitzpatrick.

paragraph: In the 1880s O'Hea contributed a large colour weekly political cartoon to the "Weekly Freeman", a weekly nationalist newspaper. He also drew cartoons for "The Nation", and created poster-sized lithographs for the Christmas issues of magazines such as the "Shamrock", "Young Ireland" and "The Sunshine". He was on staff at the "Weekly Freeman" from 1893 to 1896. In January 1897 he delivered an illustrated lecture on "Irish Caricaturists and Cartoonists" to the Irish Literary Society in London.

paragraph: For a time O'Hea was manager of the pictorial department of the "Evening Telegraph". He lived in London from the 1893 until his death. Towards the end of his career, in 1914-15, he drew cartoons for Thomas Fitzpatrick's magazine "The Lepracaun", during Fitzpatrick's final illness.

paragraph: O'Hea's talents were highly regarded, even by those who did not share his nationalist politics. In 1883 the conservative British journal "St. Stephen's Review" described O'Hea as an "out-and-out nationalist", but also as "one of the cleverest artists in the three kingdoms" who "could be making his thousands per annum if he cared to live in London, where he is well known and highly thought of;" instead he "draws his most marvellous cartoons for the most miserable of Irish comic papers." In 1890 William Ewart Gladstone gave "a high testimony to the ability and principle of the "Weekly Freeman" artist" and described his pencil as "directly guided by a spirit of patriotism".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: The following sites include cartoons by O'Hea:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collins Collection of Irish Political Cartoons at the University of Illinois

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ireland in Schools: The 'Irish card' in the 1885-86 general elections

paragraph: BULLET::::- Multitext Project in Irish History, Home Rule: the elections of 1885 and 1886, University College Cork

paragraph: BULLET::::- Case Studies in Irish History No 4: The Elections of 1885-86

paragraph: BULLET::::- PAT: an Irish three-penny weekly satirical periodical, published and printed in Dublin by W. P. Swan. It was founded in 1879 by political cartoonist and illustrator John Fergus O'Hea, and writer and editor Edwin Hamilton. A UCD Digital Library Collection.

description: Irish artist

wikidata_label: John Fergus O'Hea

wikipedia_title: John Fergus O'Hea


text:
Antony
Cornwall
Member of Parliament
antiquary
Richard Carew
Oxford
Merton
Middle Temple
Sir Henry Nevill
Cornwall
Mitchell
baronet
Alexander
John
Civil War
Tower Hill
Royalist
Parliamentarian
King Charles
hanged, drawn and quartered
regicide
Restoration
Dictionary of National Biography

categories: 1580s births,Carew family,People of the Tudor period,Cornish writers,Year of birth uncertain,17th-century English writers,17th-century male writers,People of the Stuart period,Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall,Baronets in the Baronetage of England,1643 deaths,English MPs 1614,People from Antony, Cornwall,16th-century English people

paragraph: Sir Richard Carew, 1st Baronet

paragraph: Sir Richard Carew, 1st Baronet (ca. 1580 – 14 March 1643), of Antony in Cornwall, was a British writer and Member of Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Carew was the eldest son of the antiquary Richard Carew (1555–1620). He was educated at Oxford, probably at Merton, and studied law at the Middle Temple. He also visited the courts of Poland, Sweden and France, the first two as part of an embassy led by his uncle and the last in attendance on the ambassador, Sir Henry Nevill. He entered Parliament in 1614 as member for Cornwall, and subsequently also represented Mitchell in 1621-2.

paragraph: Carew published several works, including a treatise written to prove that "a warming stone" was "useful and comfortable for the colds of aged and sick people". His most notable work, however, was the "True and readie Way to learne the Latine Tongue, attested by three excellently learned and approved authours of three nations", of which he was the English author.

paragraph: This was not published until 1654, well after his death, and apparently only made its way into print on the misapprehension that it was his more distinguished father who had penned it.

paragraph: The work argues for learning by translating back and forth, with a minimal amount of grammar teaching.

paragraph: On 9 August 1641, Richard Carew was created a baronet.

paragraph: He died less than two years later.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He had married twice: first, during his father's lifetime, to Bridget Chudleigh, by whom he had one son, Alexander (who succeeded to the baronetcy), and four daughters.

paragraph: After her death he married again, to a Miss Rolle, and they had at least two other sons, John and Thomas.

paragraph: The Civil War divided the family, and proved particularly fateful for them, for two years after Sir Richard's death Sir Alexander was executed on Tower Hill for treason as a Royalist, while John as a loyal Parliamentarian sat on the court that condemned King Charles and was eventually hanged, drawn and quartered as a regicide at the Restoration.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionary of National Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burke's Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies" (2nd edition, London: John Russell Smith, 1844)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vivian's Visitations of Cornwall" (Exeter: William Pollard & Co, 1887)

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Sir Richard Carew, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Richard Carew, 1st Baronet


text: Fukuoka

text: Fukuoka prefecture

text: Second Sino-Japanese War

text: major general

text: IJA 38th Division

text: Hong Kong

text: Battle of Ambon

text: Dutch East Indies

text: Timor

text: Guadalcanal

text: Battle of Guadalcanal

text: Harukichi Hyakutake

text: Marines

text: Alexander Archer Vandegrift

text: offensive

text: intelligence

text: evacuated by the Japanese navy

text: New Ireland

text: lieutenant-general

text: Australian forces

text: war criminal

text: military tribunal

text: Rabaul

text: New Britain

text: Chapter VIII:Advances Towards Kokumbona

categories: 1886 births,Japanese military personnel of World War II,Japanese generals,Prisoners sentenced to death by the Commonwealth of Australia,1965 deaths,Japanese people convicted of war crimes,Military personnel from Fukuoka Prefecture

paragraph: Takeo Itō

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Takeo Itō was born in the city of Fukuoka in the Fukuoka prefecture The commanding officer of the IJA 228th Infantry Regiment at the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, he assumed command of 114th Infantry Regiment in August 1940. Upon attaining the rank of major general on August 25, 1941, Itō was given command of the IJA 38th Division's infantry group, which was the primary Japanese division in the invasion of Hong Kong.

paragraph: In early 1942, Itō was reassigned to an independent command in his own name, the "Itō Detachment", consisted mainly of 228th Infantry Regiment, 38th Infantry Division and the 1st Kure SNLF, which took part in the Battle of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies (30 January–3 February 1942), and in the occupation of Timor. All of these campaigns were characterized by extreme ruthlessness and the massacre of prisoners.

paragraph: In November, Itō, along with one regiment of the 38th Division, was shipped to Guadalcanal. On 11 November, during the pivotal Battle of Guadalcanal, Itō was positioned by Lieutenant-General Harukichi Hyakutake to attack Marines under the command of United States General Alexander Archer Vandegrift who were involved in the Matanikau offensive against Japanese positions. However, Vandegrift called off his offensive that day after receiving intelligence reports of Hyakutake's plans. Itō later helped command 38th Division troops during the Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse. He and the 38th's survivors on Guadalcanal were evacuated by the Japanese navy during the first week of February 1943. Itō became commander of the 40th Independent Mixed Brigade, stationed at New Ireland on 8 July 1944. He was promoted to lieutenant-general on November 26 of that year.

paragraph: At the end of the war, Itō was taken into custody by Australian forces, and was tried as a war criminal in a military tribunal for the murder of Chinese civilians. He was sentenced to death at Rabaul, New Britain on 24 May 1946. However, Ito was released on 28 October, and sent to Hong Kong. In 1948, Itō was accused of war crimes at the Hong Kong's War Crimes Court, found guilty and sentenced to 12 years in prison. He died on 24 February 1965.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chapter VIII:Advances Towards Kokumbona in "United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific - Guadalcanal: The First Offensive" by John Miller (United States Army Center of Military History, 1949 & 1995), pp. 196, 201-202, 204

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal: History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II", by Lt. Col. Frank O. Hough, USMCR; Maj. Verle E. Ludwig, USMC; Henry I. Shaw, Jr. (Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps) Volume I, Chapter 8: Critical November

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hong Kong Society of Wargamers: "The Fall of Hong Kong, Christmas 1941", by Andrzej Cierpicki

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benjamin Lai: " Hong Kong 1941–45, First Strike in the Pacific War", Osprey Publishing 2014,

alias:
Takeo Ito
Takeo Itou

description: Japanese general

wikidata_label: Takeo Itō

wikipedia_title: Takeo Itō


text: painter

text: genre painter

text: Central Ontario School of Art

text: Robert Harris

text: Pennsylvania Academy

text: Thomas Eakins

text: Mary Hiester Reid

text: Julian

text: Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant

text: Colarossi

text: Paris

text: Prado

text: Madrid

text: Europe

text: France

text: Italy

text: Spain

text: Portugal

text: Royal Canadian Academy of Arts

text: OCAD University

text: mural

text: commissions

text: Third City Hall

text: Mary E. Wrinch

text: Biography in Canada's Virtual Museum

text: Finding aid to George Agnew Reid fonds

categories: Académie Colarossi alumni,1947 deaths,1860 births,Canadian genre painters,19th-century Canadian painters,20th-century Canadian painters,Artists from Ontario,Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)

paragraph: George Agnew Reid

paragraph: George Agnew Reid (July 25, 1860 – August 23, 1947) was a Canadian artist and painter and is best known as a genre painter.

paragraph: Trained at the Central Ontario School of Art, Toronto in 1879, where he studied with Robert Harris; studied at the Pennsylvania Academy from 1882 to 1885 where he was a protégé of Thomas Eakins. He met his first wife artist Mary Hiester Reid at the Pennsylvania Academy and remained with her until her death in 1921. He also studied at the Julian, with Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant, and at the Colarossi Academies in Paris, and the Prado in Madrid (1888–89). He made a number of study trips to Europe, during which he visited France, Italy, Spain and Portugal. It was during this time that Reid turned from portraiture to genre, as in "The Foreclosure of the Mortgage" (1893), making his name with narrative pictures. Reid brought Parisian Academy precision to emotional genre paintings of Ontario.

paragraph: He was elected to the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 1889, and was principal of the Central Ontario School of Art and Design (later OCAD University) 1912-18. He also did murals and private and public commissions, including one for Toronto's Third City Hall. In 1922, he married fellow artist Mary E. Wrinch.. George Agnew Reid died in 1947, leaving behind a body of work that often depicts scenes from his rural Ontario upbringing, with much of his work now found in public and private collections.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Agnew Reid in the Canadian Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography in Canada's Virtual Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Agnew Reid listed in the Art History Archive

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Finding aid to George Agnew Reid fonds at the E.P. Taylor Library & Archives, Art Gallery of Ontario

alias:
George A. Reid
George Reid

description: Canadian artist

wikidata_label: George Agnew Reid

wikipedia_title: George Agnew Reid