text:
Commander
Naval Flight Officer
bombardier/
navigator
United States Navy
Lieutenant
A-6 Intruder
North Vietnam
Hanoi
China
Prisoner of War
La Crosse, Wisconsin
Houston, Minnesota
University of Minnesota
Naval Flight Officer
A-3D
VAH-123
NAS Whidbey Island
VAH-8
A-6A Intruder
VA-85
NAS Oceana
VA-196
Hanoi
SAMs
Shenyang J-6
Peking
Richard Nixon
British Hong Kong
VA-128
VA-165
NFO Training Squadron 86
Naval Air Station Pensacola
Fleet Combat Training Center
Chief of Naval Education and Training
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross
Bronze Star
Prisoner of War Medal
Philip E. Smith
John T. Downey
Richard Fecteau

categories: University of Minnesota Law School alumni,Recipients of the Legion of Merit,1937 births,United States Navy officers,2014 deaths,American people imprisoned abroad,Flight navigators,Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States),Prisoners and detainees of the People's Republic of China,American navigators,University of Minnesota alumni,American naval personnel of the Vietnam War,Shot-down aviators

image: 512px-1967-11_1967年8月21日航空兵第18师第52大队在广西击落美国海军A-6飞行官罗伯特·J·弗林_Robert_J._Flynn.jpg

paragraph: Robert J. Flynn

paragraph: Robert James Flynn (September 15, 1937 – May 15, 2014) was a Commander and Naval Flight Officer bombardier/navigator in the United States Navy. As a Lieutenant, he was captured by the Chinese in August 1967 after the A-6 Intruder he was flying in on a mission over North Vietnam was shot down. Flynn and his pilot, along with another A-6 Intruder crew, were evading North Vietnamese jets following their mission over Hanoi when they strayed over the border into Chinese air space. Downed just over the Chinese border, Flynn was apprehended by the Chinese and held in China as a Prisoner of War where he was tortured and held almost exclusively in solitary confinement for five and a half years.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Flynn was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin and was raised in Houston, Minnesota, he attended the University of Minnesota.

paragraph: Section::::US Navy career.

paragraph: On July 6, 1958, he joined the United States navy as a cadet. On June 20, 1960, he was designated as a Naval Flight Officer. He completed A-3D training with VAH-123 at NAS Whidbey Island from June 1960 to January 1961 he served as an A-3D navigator with VAH-8 from January 1961 to June 1963. From June 1963 to March 1966 he served as an A-6A Intruder instructor bombardier/navigator with VA-85 at NAS Oceana. VA-85 deployed on from March to August 1966. He transferred to VA-196 at NAS Whidbey Island in August 1966. In May 1967 VA-196 was deployed on the for deployment to Vietnam.

paragraph: Section::::Capture.

paragraph: On 21 August 1967 four A-6A Intruders of VA-196 were launched from USS "Constellation" for an attack on the Duc Noi railyard in northern Hanoi. Lieutenant Commander Jimmy L. Buckley (pilot) and Lieutenant Flynn (bombardier/navigator) were the crew of A-6A [BuNo 152625/NK 400] which was hit by enemy fire on approach to the target area but continued with their attack. Over the target area the flight encountered heavy anti-aircraft fire and SAMs, A-6A [BuNo 152638/NK 410] was hit by enemy fire and both crewmen, Lieutenant Commander William M. Hardman and Captain Leo T. Profilet, ejected successfully but were captured. The remaining three A-6s left the target area in loose formation and were forced to head north to avoid bad weather, one of the aircraft sighted MiGs and two of the A-6s were tracked heading towards the Chinese border with two Shenyang J-6 fighters in pursuit. A-6A [BuNo 152627/NK 402] was shot down north of the Chinese border and both crewmen, Lieutenant j.g. Forrest Trembley (pilot) and Lieutenant j.g. Dain Scott (bombardier/navigator) were killed. A-6A '400' was also shot down, Lieutenant Commander Buckley was killed, while Lieutenant Flynn ejected successfully but was also captured. Later that day Chinese government radio confirmed that they had shot down two aircraft inside Chinese territory and that one crewman had been captured. Lieutenant Flynn believed that the Chinese fighters had attacked their flight over North Vietnamese territory, but US radar showed that the two A-6s were at least inside Chinese territory when they were shot down.

paragraph: Flynn was taken to Peking where he was held in solitary confinement for the next five and a half years. He was constantly tortured and was demanded to sign a confession that stated that he was a criminal who had violated Chinese airspace. Flynn refused to cooperate.

paragraph: Section::::Release.

paragraph: Due to improving US-China relations following President Richard Nixon's historic 1972 visit to China, Lieutenant Flynn was released on 15 March 1973, crossing the land border into British Hong Kong.

paragraph: Section::::Post-release.

paragraph: Flynn returned to US Navy duty as an A-6 bombardier/navigator, serving as an A-6 instructor bombardier/navigator with VA-128 at NAS Whidbey Island from November 1973 until February 1975. He served as a bombardier/navigator with VA-165 from February 1975 until June 1976 when he completed his degree at the University of Washington. He served as executive officer and then commanded NFO Training Squadron 86 at Naval Air Station Pensacola from August 1977 to October 1980. From October 1980 to November 1981 he served as Executive Officer of Fleet Combat Training Center. His final assignment was as Director of Aviation Warfare Training with Chief of Naval Education and Training at NAS Pensacola from November 1981 until his retirement with the rank of Commander in November 1985. He was awarded the Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross, Bronze Star with "V" and two gold stars and the Prisoner of War Medal.

paragraph: Flynn died of a heart attack at the age of 76 on May 15, 2014 in Gulf Breeze, Florida, (resided in Pensacola, Florida).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip E. Smith (1965 shootdown of a USAF fighter)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John T. Downey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Fecteau

description: US Navy flight officer

wikidata_label: Robert J. Flynn

wikipedia_title: Robert J. Flynn


text: country music

text: Guitar Man

text: U.S. Male

text: A Thing Called Love

text: Alabama Wild Man

text: Amos Moses

text: When You're Hot, You're Hot

text: Ko-Ko Joe

text: Lord, Mr. Ford

text: East Bound and Down

text: Smokey and the Bandit

text: The Bird

text: She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)

text: Country Music Hall of Fame

text: Bobby Bare

text: Atlanta, Georgia

text: Rockmart

text: foster home

text: orphanage

text: Bill Lowery

text: Capitol Records

text: Gene Vincent

text: National Recording Corporation

text: Joe South

text: Ray Stevens

text: Priscilla "Prissy" Mitchell

text: Roy Drusky

text: Yes Mr. Peters

text: United States Army

text: Nashville

text: Brenda Lee

text: Goodnight Irene

text: Chet Atkins

text: RCA Victor

text: Guitar Man

text: Elvis Presley

text: Top 20

text: Felton Jarvis

text: straight pickers

text: pick with my fingers

text: Chuck Berry

text: Too Much Monkey Business

text: Stay Away, Joe

text: "He Touched Me"

text: Johnny Cash

text: album

text: crossover hit

text: Amos Moses

text: Me & Jerry

text: The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour

text: When You're Hot, You're Hot

text: gold discs

text: R.I.A.A.

text: Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town

text: John D. Loudermilk

text: Me & Chet

text: countrypolitan

text: Dick Feller

text: fingerstyle

text: Yakety Sax

text: Hanna–Barbera

text: The New Scooby-Doo Movies

text: Burt Reynolds

text: W.W. and the Dixie Dancekings

text: Gator

text: High-Ballin'

text: Hot Stuff

text: Smokey and the Bandit

text: Larry Schmittou

text: Conway Twitty

text: Cal Smith

text: Larry Gatlin

text: Richard Sterban

text: Nashville Sounds

text: minor league baseball

text: Double-A

text: Southern League

text: Alice

text: Burt Reynolds

text: The Sensational Alex Harvey Band

text: Jim Croce

text: Concrete Cowboys

text: Elvis

text: She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)

text: The Bird

text: Robin Williams

text: Walter Matthau

text: Michael Ritchie

text: The Survivors

text: Mama's Family

text: Dexys Midnight Runners

text: Hee-Haw

text: Sneakin' Around

text: Mid-South Wrestling

text: Danny Glover

text: Gene Hackman

text: Adam Sandler

text: The Waterboy

text: Waylon Jennings

text: Mel Tillis

text: Bobby Bare

text: Old Dogs

text: Old Dogs

text: Shel Silverstein

text: Primus

text: Rhinoplasty

text: K-Rose

text: Alabama 3

text: M.O.R.

text: Eric Johnson

text: Bloom

text: Bill Dance Outdoors

text: largemouth bass

text: taxidermist

text: Bill Dance

text: Jeff Foxworthy

text: The Bounty Hunter

text: Gerard Butler

text: Jennifer Aniston

text: You Took All the Ramblin' Out of Me

text: Grand Theft Auto V

text: Rebel Radio

text: Priscilla Mitchell

text: Nashville, Tennessee

text: emphysema

text: The Road Hammers

text: Country Music Association

text: 1970 CMA Instrumentalist of the Year

text: 1971 CMA Instrumentalist of the Year

text: Grammy Awards

text: Jerry Reed

text: Rockabilly Hall of Fame

text: Jerry Reed

categories: Rock and roll musicians,Country musicians from Georgia (U.S. state),American rock guitarists,American male film actors,20th-century American singers,Deaths from emphysema,American rockabilly musicians,American rock singers,Grammy Award winners,Capitol Records artists,Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state),American male singer-songwriters,2008 deaths,RCA Records Nashville artists,Guitarists from Georgia (U.S. state),American country guitarists,National Recording Corporation artists,American jazz guitarists,American country rock singers,American male guitarists,Musicians from Atlanta,1937 births,20th-century American guitarists,Country Music Hall of Fame inductees,American country singer-songwriters,Fingerstyle guitarists,20th-century American male actors

paragraph: Jerry Reed

paragraph: Jerry Reed Hubbard (March 20, 1937 – September 1, 2008) was an American country music singer, guitarist, composer, and songwriter, as well as an actor who appeared in more than a dozen films. His signature songs included "Guitar Man", "U.S. Male", "A Thing Called Love", "Alabama Wild Man", "Amos Moses", "When You're Hot, You're Hot" (which garnered a Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male), "Ko-Ko Joe", "Lord, Mr. Ford", "East Bound and Down" (the theme song for the 1977 blockbuster "Smokey and the Bandit", in which Reed co-starred), "The Bird", and "She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)".

paragraph: Reed was announced as an inductee into the Country Music Hall of Fame on April 5, 2017, and was officially inducted by Bobby Bare on October 24.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Reed was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the second child of Robert and Cynthia Hubbard. Reed's grandparents lived in Rockmart and he would visit them from time to time. He was quoted as saying as a small child while running around strumming his guitar, "I am gonna be a star. I'm gonna go to Nashville and be a star." Reed's parents separated four months after his birth, and he and his sister spent seven years in foster homes or orphanages. Reed was reunited with his mother and stepfather in 1944.

paragraph: Jerry Reed graduated from O'Keefe High School, an Atlanta city school. The O'Keefe H.S. building still exists today, but was sold to Georgia Tech and is now part of its campus. By high school, Reed was already writing and singing music, having picked up the guitar as a child. At age 18, he was signed by publisher and record producer Bill Lowery to cut his first record, "If the Good Lord's Willing and the Creek Don't Rise". At Capitol Records, he recorded both country and rockabilly singles to little notice until label mate Gene Vincent covered his "Crazy Legs" in 1958. By 1958, Lowery signed Reed to his National Recording Corporation, and he recorded for NRC as both an artist and as a member of the staff band, which included other NRC artists Joe South and Ray Stevens.

paragraph: Reed married Priscilla "Prissy" Mitchell in 1959. They had two daughters, Seidina Ann Hubbard, born April 2, 1960, and Charlotte Elaine (Lottie) Hubbard, born October 19, 1970. Priscilla Mitchell was a member of folk group the Appalachians ("Bony Moronie", 1963), and was co-credited with Roy Drusky on the 1965 Country No. 1 "Yes Mr. Peters".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1959, Reed hit the Billboard "Bubbling Under the Top 100", also known as Roar and Cashbox Country chart with the single "Soldier's Joy". After serving two years in the United States Army, Reed moved to Nashville in 1961 to continue his songwriting career, which had continued to gather steam while he was in the Army, thanks to Brenda Lee's 1960 cover of his "That's All You Got to Do". He also became a popular session and tour guitarist. In 1962, he scored some success with two singles "Goodnight Irene" (as by Jerry Reed & the Hully Girlies, featuring a female vocal group) and "Hully Gully Guitar", which found their way to Chet Atkins at RCA Victor, who produced Reed's 1965 "If I Don't Live Up to It".

paragraph: Reed is particularly noted and respected by his musical contemporaries and new generation alike for his unique and intricate picking technique, as seen in his composition "The Claw". As of December 2017, this highly challenging technique is both admired and attempted on numerous video instructional sites throughout YouTube by pros and amateurs alike.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:"Guitar Man".

paragraph: In July 1967, Reed had his best showing on the country charts (#53) with his self-penned "Guitar Man", which Elvis Presley soon covered. Reed's next single was "Tupelo Mississippi Flash", a comic tribute to Presley. Recorded on September 1, the song became his first Top 20 hit, going to No. 15 on the chart. Coincidentally, Presley came to Nashville to record nine days later on September 10, 1967, and one of the songs he became especially excited about was "Guitar Man".

paragraph: Reed recalled how he was tracked down to play on the Presley session: "I was out on the Cumberland River fishing, and I got a call from Felton Jarvis (then Presley's producer at RCA Victor) He said, 'Elvis is down here. We've been trying to cut "Guitar Man" all day long. He wants it to sound like it sounded on your album.' I finally told him, 'Well, if you want it to sound like that, you're going have to get me in there to play guitar, because these guys [you're using in the studio] are straight pickers. I pick with my fingers and tune that guitar up all weird kind of ways.'"

paragraph: Jarvis hired Reed to play on the session. "I hit that intro, and [Elvis's] face lit up and here we went. Then after he got through that, he cut [my] 'U.S. Male' at the same session. I was toppin' cotton, son." Reed also played the guitar for Elvis Presley's "Big Boss Man" (1967), recorded in the same session.

paragraph: On January 15 and 16, 1968, Reed worked on a second Presley session, during which he played guitar on a cover of Chuck Berry's "Too Much Monkey Business", "Stay Away", and "Goin' Home" (two songs revolving around Presley's film "Stay Away, Joe"), as well as another Reed composition, "U.S. Male" (Reed's quoted recollection of "U.S. Male" being recorded at the same session as "Guitar Man" being incorrect).

paragraph: Presley also recorded two other Reed compositions: "A Thing Called Love" in May 1971 for his "He Touched Me" album, and "Talk About The Good Times" in December 1973, for a total of four.

paragraph: Johnny Cash would also release "A Thing Called Love" as a single in 1971, which would reach No. 2 on the Billboard Country Singles Chart for North America. It was also successful in Europe. It would become the title track for a studio album that he released the following spring.

paragraph: After releasing the 1970 crossover hit "Amos Moses", a hybrid of rock, country, funk, and Cajun styles, which reached No. 8 on the U.S. pop charts, Reed teamed with Atkins for the duet LP "Me & Jerry". During the 1970 television season, he was a regular on "The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour", and in 1971, he issued his biggest hit, the chart-topper "When You're Hot, You're Hot", which is a story song, with the majority of the lyrics being talked out rather than sung. The song concerns the singer's near success shooting dice, a police raid, and a judge who is supposedly a fishing buddy of the singer, but who nevertheless sends him down for gambling. Aside from being a major crossover hit, "When You're Hot, You're Hot" earned Reed the Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male.

paragraph: "When You're Hot, You're Hot" was the title track of Reed's first solo album, reaching No. 9 Pop and No. 6 on Billboard's Easy Listening charts. The singles from the album, "Amos Moses" and "When You're Hot, You're Hot" sold over one million copies, and were awarded gold discs by the R.I.A.A. The album also features songs such as Reed's version of "Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town " and John D. Loudermilk's free-wheeling song "Big Daddy (Alabami Bound)".

paragraph: A second collaboration with Atkins, "Me & Chet", followed in 1972, as did a series of Top 40 singles, which alternated between frenetic, straightforward country offerings and more pop-flavored, countrypolitan material. A year later, he scored his second number one single with "Lord, Mr. Ford" (written by Dick Feller), from the album of the same name.

paragraph: Atkins, who frequently produced Reed's music, remarked that he had to encourage Reed to put instrumental numbers on his own albums, as Reed always considered himself more of a songwriter than a player. Atkins, however, thought Reed was a better fingerstyle player than he himself was; Reed, according to Atkins, helped him work out the fingerpicking for one of Atkins's biggest hits, "Yakety Sax". Reed, one of only five people to have the title of Certified Guitar Player (an award bestowed only to those who have completely mastered guitar), was given this title by Chet Atkins.

paragraph: Reed was featured in animated form in a December 9, 1972, episode of Hanna–Barbera's "The New Scooby-Doo Movies", "The Phantom of the Country Music Hall" (prod. No. 61-10). He sang and played the song "Pretty Mary Sunlight". The song is played throughout the episode as Scooby and the gang search for Reed's missing guitar.

paragraph: In the mid-1970s, Reed's recording career began to take a back seat to his acting aspirations. In 1974, he co-starred with his close friend Burt Reynolds in the film "W.W. and the Dixie Dancekings". While he continued to record throughout the decade, his greatest visibility was as a motion picture star, almost always in tandem with headliner Reynolds; after 1976's "Gator", Reed appeared in 1978's "High-Ballin'" and 1979's "Hot Stuff". He also co-starred in all three of the "Smokey and the Bandit" films; the first, which premiered in 1977, landed Reed a No. 2 hit with the soundtrack's "East Bound and Down".

paragraph: In 1977, Reed joined entrepreneur Larry Schmittou and other country music stars, such as Conway Twitty, Cal Smith, Larry Gatlin, and Richard Sterban, as investors in the Nashville Sounds, a minor league baseball team of the Double-A Southern League that began play in 1978.

paragraph: He made two guest appearances on the sitcom "Alice", in 1978 and 1981.

paragraph: When asked who he considered the best actor, Burt Reynolds credited Reed.

paragraph: Reed also took a stab at hosting a TV variety show, filming two episodes of "The Jerry Reed Show" in 1976.

paragraph: Scottish rockers The Sensational Alex Harvey Band released a version of "Amos Moses" in 1976.

paragraph: In 1979, he released a record comprising both vocal and instrumental selections titled, appropriately enough, "Half & Half". It was followed one year later by "Jerry Reed Sings Jim Croce", a tribute to the late singer/songwriter. He also starred in a TV movie in that year entitled "Concrete Cowboys".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1980s and 1990s.

paragraph: In January 1980, Reed began work on the "Guitar Man" re-recording being produced by Elvis's producer Felton Jarvis. With a new "hopped up" guitar line, and Elvis on lead vocals, Reed and the band gave the song an adrenaline punch that shot it straight to No. 1 on the country charts.

paragraph: In 1982, Reed"s career as a singles artist was revitalized by the chart-topping hit "She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)", followed by "The Bird", which peaked at No. 2. His last chart hit, "I'm a Slave", appeared in 1983. That same year, he co-starred with Robin Williams and Walter Matthau in the Michael Ritchie comedy "The Survivors". Reed guest-starred in the October 13, 1983, episode of "Mama's Family", "The Return of Leonard Oates" (Episode 13, Season 2), as Naomi Harper's ex-husband.

paragraph: He accepted the invitation to open for the British group Dexys Midnight Runners in the US in 1984, yet left the tour early to appear on the country music comedy TV show Hee-Haw.

paragraph: After an unsuccessful 1986 LP, "Lookin' at You", Reed focused on touring until 1992 when he and Atkins reunited for the album "Sneakin' Around" before he again returned to the road. In the meantime, Reed appeared in several interviews and commercial spots for Mid-South Wrestling.

paragraph: Reed had a role as a commander/Huey pilot for Danny Glover's character in the 1988 movie "Bat*21" starring Gene Hackman. He also acted as executive producer and screenwriter on this film.

paragraph: Reed starred in the 1998 Adam Sandler film, "The Waterboy", as Red Beaulieu, the movie's chief antagonist and the head coach for the University of Louisiana Cougars football team.

paragraph: He teamed up with country superstars Waylon Jennings, Mel Tillis, and Bobby Bare in the group Old Dogs. They recorded one album, in 1998, entitled "Old Dogs", with songs written by Shel Silverstein. (Reed sang lead on "Young Man's Job" and "Elvis Has Left The Building", the latter possibly in deference to Elvis' helping launch his career.)

paragraph: In 1998, the American rock band Primus covered the Reed song "Amos Moses" on the EP titled "Rhinoplasty".

paragraph: In October 2004, "Amos Moses" was featured on the "", playing on fictional radio station K-Rose. In 2007, UK band Alabama 3 (Known as A3 in the United States) covered his hit "Amos Moses" on their album "M.O.R.".

paragraph: In June 2005, American guitarist Eric Johnson released his album "Bloom", which contained a track titled "Tribute to Jerry Reed" in commemoration of his works.

paragraph: Reed appeared as a guest on the fishing television series "Bill Dance Outdoors". In one memorable appearance, Reed caught a particularly big largemouth bass and planned to have it preserved and mounted by a taxidermist. Host Bill Dance objected to this plan and freed the fish when Reed wasn't looking. Reed became enraged when he discovered what had happened and chased Dance off the boat and to shore. This incident was also mentioned in one of Jeff Foxworthy's stand-up comedy routines.

paragraph: "She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)" was used in the 2010 film, "The Bounty Hunter" during the scene where Milo (Gerard Butler) searches Nicole's (Jennifer Aniston) apartment.

paragraph: "You Took All the Ramblin' Out of Me" was used in the 2013 video game "Grand Theft Auto V", on the radio station Rebel Radio.

paragraph: Jerry's song "Amos Moses" was also covered by the band County Road 5.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and death.

paragraph: Reed married country singer Priscilla Mitchell on July 9, 1959; they had two daughters, who also became country singers.

paragraph: Reed died in Nashville, Tennessee, on September 1, 2008, of complications from emphysema at the age of 71. One week later, during their debut at the Grand Ole Opry, Canadian Country Rockers The Road Hammers performed "East Bound and Down" as a tribute. In a tribute in "Vintage Guitar Magazine", Rich Kienzle wrote that "Reed set a standard that inspires fingerstyle players the way Merle and Chet inspired him." He was survived by Mitchell and their two daughters. Mitchell died following a short illness on September 24, 2014, at the age of 73.

paragraph: Reed was a smoker for many years. Thom Bresh, son of Merle Travis and a close friend of Reed's, produced a 1990s video with Reed acting out his desire to quit smoking the addictive cigarettes ("Jerry Reed-Another Puff") that serves as a public service video from Reed himself on the dangers of smoking cigarettes.

paragraph: Section::::Accolades.

paragraph: Country Music Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1970 CMA Instrumentalist of the Year"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1971 CMA Instrumentalist of the Year"

paragraph: Grammy Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1971 Best Country Instrumental Performance" -

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1972 Best Country Vocal Performance, Male" -

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1993 Best Country Instrumental Performance" -

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jerry Reed at the Rockabilly Hall of Fame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jerry Reed retrospective in "Awaiting the Flood"

description: American recording artist; country music singer, actor

wikidata_label: Jerry Reed

wikipedia_title: Jerry Reed


text:
courtesy name
Eastern Han dynasty
Warring States period
Zhao She
Xingping
Shaanxi
State of Zhao
Emperor Guangwu
Trung Sisters
Jiaozhi
Vietnam
Guizhou
Hunan
Hunan
Wei Xiao
Gansu
Empress Ma
Emperor Ming of Han
Nanman
North Vietnam
Qiang
Xianlian Qiang
Jincheng
Longxi
Lai Xi
Gongsun Shu
Lintao
Xining
Guizhou
Hunan
Geng Shu
Liang Song
embezzled
rhinoceros horn
"Coix lacryma-jobi" var. "ma-yuen"
Luoyang
fief
marquess
Zhuge Liang
chengyu
Du Bao
Zhuzhou County
Hunan
Heng County
Guangxi
Guilin
Trung sisters' rebellion
Copper columns of Ma Yuan

categories: Han Guangwudi,Deified Chinese people,Han dynasty politicians from Shaanxi,Han dynasty generals from Shaanxi,49 deaths,14 BC births

paragraph: Ma Yuan (Han dynasty)

paragraph: Ma Yuan (; 14 BC – 49 AD), courtesy name Wenyuan, also known by his official title "Fubo Jiangjun" (伏波将军; "General who Calms the Waves"), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Eastern Han dynasty. He was a descendant of the Warring States period general Zhao She.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Ma Yuan was a native of what is now Xingping, Shaanxi province. His family was descended from the State of Zhao. His military and political achievements included helping Emperor Guangwu unite the empire and putting down rebellions of the Trung Sisters (in Jiaozhi, modern Vietnam) and the Wulin tribes (in modern eastern Guizhou and northwestern Hunan). He fell ill during an expedition to modern Hunan in 49 AD, and died soon afterwards. Prior to that, Ma Yuan contributed to Emperor Guangwu's defeat of the warlord Wei Xiao (隗囂), who controlled the modern eastern Gansu region.

paragraph: He is considered one of the more famous generals in Chinese history, not only because of his military achievements, but also because he demonstrated perseverance and respect to his friends and subordinates. In addition to his military skills, his exhortations on personal discipline were also highly regarded. His daughter became Empress Ma of Emperor Ming of Han and was also highly respected.

paragraph: One of his greatest achievements was the subjugation of the territory of the Nanman regions. It was for this he earned his title "Queller of the Deep." He was reportedly revered in that area (as was often the case of great warriors of that period), and his temple was established somewhere there . The territory he subjugated corresponds roughly with North Vietnam.

paragraph: He also subjugated the Qiang. In 34 A.D., the Xianlian Qiang and a number of other tribes, raided Chinese positions in Jincheng and Longxi commanderies and were defeated by Han armies. A few months later, Lai Xi was killed on campaign against Gongsun Shu, but his assistant, Ma Yuan, Grand Administrator of Lonxi commandery, continued operations against the Qiang. In 35, the Xianlian tribe were again defeated, first at Lintao in Longxi and then along the Xining river in Jincheng commandery. In the two separate campaigns, Ma Yuan captured more than ten thousand head of horses, cattle and sheep, together with considerable stores of grain. He was wounded in the leg during one of the final engagements, and he did not completely destroy the enemy, but he did drive them away from the valley lands of Jincheng, and he was rewarded with Imperial commendation and several thousand of the animals he had captured.

paragraph: Though members of the Qiang had escaped across the borders, Ma Yuan's victories in 35 had broken the power of the Xianlian tribe and had made possible a restoration of Chinese positions on the old frontiers.

paragraph: In 49, Ma, while on expedition against the Wulin tribes (in modern eastern Guizhou and northwestern Hunan), died during the campaign from a plague, which also killed a large number of his soldiers. After his death, Ma's deputy Geng Shu (耿舒), who had disagreed with Ma's strategy, and Emperor Guangwu's son-in-law Liang Song (梁松), who had prior grudges against Ma, falsely accused Ma of many crimes. Two specific accusations that are known are that Ma, by the route he took against the Wulin tribes, was responsible for the plague, and that he had, while on campaigns, embezzled pearls and rhinoceros horns. The latter accusation was a misunderstanding in that one of Ma's favorite foods (which he considered capable of warding off plague) was "Coix lacryma-jobi" var. "ma-yuen" (Chinese pearl barley), produced in southern China and northern Vietnam, which Ma had transported in large quantities back to the capital Luoyang. Emperor Guangwu believed these false accusations and posthumously stripped Ma of his fief and title of marquess. His reputation was not restored until his daughter later became empress to Emperor Guangwu's son Emperor Ming upon his ascension to the throne in 57.

paragraph: Section::::Legends.

paragraph: It is said that during Zhuge Liang's attempts to suppress Meng Huo and the barbarians, he was inspired by a statue of Ma Yuan which helped him to overcome one of Meng Huo's most difficult obstacles.

paragraph: Ma Yuan was the source of two Chinese "chengyu" idioms. One, "wrapping one's body with horse leather" (馬革裹屍), refers to being dedicated to one's responsibilities that one is willing to die on the battlefield and have his body be wrapped in horse leather; Ma had given this phrase while talking to a friend as to why he wished to continue in military service. The other, "drawing a tiger improperly results in a dog" (畫虎不成反類犬), refers to his admonition to his nephews to be careful in their conduct and not to try to imitate a famed heroic figure of the time, Du Bao (杜保) -- in that if one tried to imitate Du but was not as heroic as he was, one would end up becoming a frivolous hoodlum.

paragraph: Section::::Memorials.

paragraph: Ma Yuan is worshipped as a deity in numerous temples in China. The Fubo Temples of Zhuzhou County, Hunan and Heng County, Guangxi are among the best known. Mount Fubo and Fubo Park in Guilin, Guangxi are also named after him.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trung sisters' rebellion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copper columns of Ma Yuan

description: Chinese general who served during the Eastern Han dynasty.

wikidata_label: Ma Yuan

wikipedia_title: Ma Yuan (Han dynasty)


text:
Burghersh
Sussex
England
Kent
Gunselm de Badlesmere
Justiciar
Dover Castle
Cinque Ports
Parliament
Henry de Burghersh
Bishop of Lincoln
Bartholomew de Burghersh

categories: 1250s births,Barons in the Peerage of England,Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports,1306 deaths

paragraph: Robert de Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh, was born between 1252 and 1256, at Burghersh, in Sussex, England, and died in 1306.

paragraph: He married Maud de Badlesmere (born between 1260 and 1270; died 1306), of Kent, England, the daughter of Gunselm de Badlesmere, Justiciar of Kent, around 1282.

paragraph: Lord Burghersh was the son and heir of Reynold de Burghersh, and was Constable of Dover Castle, and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports from 1299 until his death. He was summoned to Parliament from 12 November 1303 until 13 July 1305, 'whereby he is held to have become Lord Burghersh'.

paragraph: He had at least three children with Maud:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephen de Burghersh (d. 1310), who succeeded him

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry de Burghersh, Bishop of Lincoln

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bartholomew de Burghersh, later created Baron Burghersh in his own right.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700" by Frederick Lewis Weis, Line 70-33.

description: English noble

wikipedia_title: Robert Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh


text:
George Clive
High Sheriff of Herefordshire
Member of Parliament
Hereford
George Clive
Sir Robert Clive

wikipedia_title:
George Clive (died 1779)
High Sheriff of Herefordshire
Member of parliament
Hereford (UK Parliament constituency)
George Clive (Liberal politician)
Robert Clive (diplomat)

categories: 1845 deaths,UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1835–1837,1760s births,Year of birth uncertain,UK MPs 1837–1841,Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1826–1830,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,UK MPs 1830–1831,UK MPs 1841–1847,UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: Edward Clive (died 1845)

paragraph: Edward Bolton Clive (c. 1765 – 22 July 1845) was a British Whig politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Clive was the son of George Clive and Sidney, daughter of Thomas Bolton.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Clive as High Sheriff of Herefordshire in 1802 and then sat as Member of Parliament for Hereford between 1826 and 1845.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Clive married the Hon. Harriet, daughter of Andrew Archer, 2nd Baron Archer, in 1790. They had several children, including George Clive and Reverend Archer Clive, grandfather of Sir Robert Clive. Clive died in July 1845.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Edward Clive

wikipedia_title: Edward Clive (died 1845)


text: British

text: Edward Clive

text: William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh

text: Haileybury College

text: Magdalen College, Oxford

text: Bavaria

text: Morocco

text: Persia

text: Holy See

text: British Ambassador to Japan

text: British Ambassador to Belgium

text: Privy Council

text: GCMG

text: Anglo-Japanese relations

text: Hoare, James

text: OCLC 42645589

text: OCLC 224267234

text: Nish, Ian

text: OCLC 249167170

text: Chronology of Heads of Mission

categories: Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Iran,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George,Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford,Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Holy See,People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Belgium,1877 births,1948 deaths

paragraph: Robert Clive (diplomat)

paragraph: Sir Robert Henry Clive (23 December 1877 – 13 May 1948) was a British diplomat.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Clive was the son of Charles Meysey Bolton Clive and the great-grandson of Edward Clive. His mother was Lady Katherine Elizabeth Mary Julia, daughter of William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh. He was educated at Haileybury College and Magdalen College, Oxford.

paragraph: Clive married the Hon. Magdalen, daughter of Kenneth Muir Mackenzie, 1st Baron Muir-Mackenzie, in 1905. They had two sons and one daughter.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Clive entered the Diplomatic Service in 1902. He was General-Consul for Bavaria between 1923 and 1924 and for Morocco between 1924 and 1926 and Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia between 1926 and 1931 and to the Holy See between 1933 and 1934.

paragraph: In 1935 he was appointed British Ambassador to Japan, a post he held until 1937.

paragraph: Clive served as British Ambassador to Belgium between 1937 and 1939. Clive was sworn of the Privy Council in 1934 and appointed a GCMG in 1937. He retired from the Diplomatic Service in 1939.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Clive died in May 1948, aged 70. Lady Clive died in October 1971, aged 87.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of diplomats from the United Kingdom to Iran

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to the Holy See

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Belgium

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anglo-Japanese relations

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoare, James. (1999). "Embassies in the East: the Story of the British Embassies in Japan, China, and Korea from 1859 to the Present." Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press. ; OCLC 42645589

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Great Britain. Public Record Office. "Foreign Office files for Japan and the Far East. Series one, Embassy and consular archives, Japan (Public Record Office class FO 262). Part 6, Economic and military expansion renewed : withdrawal from the League of Nations, the North China incident, European Crisis and an "open door" in the Far East : (FO 262/1861-1988, 2004-2032, 2036-2039) : detailed correspondence for 1934-1940." ; OCLC 224267234

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nish, Ian. (2004). "British Envoys in Japan 1859-1972." Folkestone, Kent: Global Oriental. ; OCLC 249167170

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- UK in Japan, Chronology of Heads of Mission

description: British diplomat

wikidata_label: Robert Clive

wikipedia_title: Robert Clive (diplomat)


text: American

text: botanist

text: educator

text: plant morphology

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: Master of Arts

text: Doctor of Philosophy

text: Harvard University

text: Stoughton Hall

text: Australia

text: Arthur Johnson Eames

text: Connecticut Agricultural College

text: Storrs

text: Botany

text: Genetics

text: Barnard College

text: Columbia University

text: Yale University

text: Sterling Professor

text: Marsh Botanical Garden

text: Graduate School

text: Sheffield Scientific School

text: American Journal of Botany

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: American Society of Naturalists

text: organicism

text: reductionism

text: life

text: vitalism

text: George Gaylord Simpson

text: orthogenesis

text: dualism

text: monism

text: idealistic

text: Leo Koch

text: genotype

text: protoplasm

text: "Botany, Principles and Problems"

text: "Cell and Psyche"

text: "Plant Morphogenesis"

text: A chronology of Sinnott's career

text: National Academy of Science's Biography

categories: Harvard University alumni,University of Connecticut faculty,American botanists,Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences,American science writers,Orthogenesis,Theistic evolutionists,1968 deaths,Columbia University faculty,1888 births,Yale University faculty,Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

paragraph: Edmund Ware Sinnott

paragraph: Edmund Ware Sinnott (February 5, 1888–January 6, 1968) was an American botanist and educator. Sinnott is best known for his work in plant morphology.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Sinnott received his Bachelor of Arts (1908), Master of Arts (1910), and Doctor of Philosophy (1913), all from Harvard University. During his freshman year of college, he lived in Stoughton Hall. Sinnott studied in Australia with Arthur Johnson Eames from 1910-1911. Upon graduation, he became an instructor at Harvard, and worked with I. W. Bailey, the anatomist. From 1915-1928, he was at the Connecticut Agricultural College at Storrs, becoming Professor of Botany and Genetics. From 1928-1939, he was Professor of Botany at Barnard College and chair of the Botany Department at Columbia University (1939-1940). In 1940, he moved to Yale University to become Sterling Professor of Botany, chair of the Botany Department (1940-1956), director of the Marsh Botanical Garden (1940-1950), dean of the Graduate School (1950-1956) and director of Sheffield Scientific School (1945-1956).

paragraph: He was also made editor of the American Journal of Botany, member of the National Academy of Sciences, and president of the Botanical Society of America, the American Society of Naturalists and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

paragraph: He was the co-author of the textbook "Principles of Genetics" (1925) which received positive reviews.

paragraph: Throughout his life, Sinnott was a prolific author; he wrote ninety scientific articles and many textbooks. Sinnott contributed to the field of Colonial and early American Architecture with his book "Meetinghouse & Church in Early New England" (1963), with photographs by Jerauld Manter.

paragraph: In his teaching, Sinnott stressed the idea of scientific discovery and the importance of making careful measurements and correctly interpreting data. He endeavored to explain the organism as an integrated whole from the sum of its parts, processes and history.

paragraph: He retired in 1956 and died in New Haven in 1968.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.

paragraph: Sinnott was a proponent of organicism and a critic of reductionism. He held that view that life is goal directed and purposive.

paragraph: In his book "Biology of Spirit" (1955) he used the term "Telism" which he defined as "the philosophy of goals-a belief that what is important is not the push and drive of a living system but the drawing power of a goal, conscious or unconscious, that in some is established in it". His philosophy was compared by critics to a form of vitalism. Others such as George Gaylord Simpson claimed Sinnott was promoting a theological version of orthogenesis.

paragraph: He rejected both dualism and materialistic monism for his own philosophy which was described by a reviewer as idealistic monism. He argued for the existence of an impersonal God which he described as a purposive organizing agent. He was criticized by Leo Koch for making metaphysical statements in his science books, he stated for example "The Principle of Organization is far more than a scientific concept. It states a belief that there is operating in the universe a something that leads to spirit; something that is spirit."

paragraph: In his book "Cell and Psyche" (1950) he argued that mind and matter are two aspects of the same phenomenon and that purpose exists in all organisms as it is built into the genotype and the protoplasm.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Botany, Principles and Problems" (1923, sixth edition in 1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Principles of Genetics" (1925, third edition in 1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Laboratory Manual for Elementary Botany" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cell and Psyche" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Roads to Truth" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Biology of the Spirit" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life and Mind" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Matter, Mind, and Man" (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plant Morphogenesis" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bridge of Life: From Matter to Spirit" (1966)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A chronology of Sinnott's career.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Academy of Science's Biography

description: American botanist

wikidata_label: Edmund Ware Sinnott

wikipedia_title: Edmund Ware Sinnott


text:
Peter Taylor
2010 World Rowing Championships
James Lassche

categories: 1988 births,New Zealand male rowers,Living people,World Rowing Championships medalists for New Zealand

paragraph: Graham Oberlin-Brown

paragraph: Graham Oberlin-Brown (born 8 February 1988) is a New Zealand rower. In 2006 (aged 18) along with Peter Taylor he became the Under 23 World Champion in the men's lightweight double sculls, and in doing so set a new world under 23 best time. In 2008 Oberlin-Brown won his second Under 23 World Championship in the men's lightweight single (aged 20). At the 2010 World Rowing Championships, he won a silver medal in the lightweight men's pair partnering with James Lassche. Oberlin-Brown represented New Zealand in rowing from 2006 to 2012.

paragraph: Oberlin-Brown was a finalist twice (2006, 2008) in the Emerging Talent category of the Halberg Awards recognising New Zealand's top sporting achievements.

paragraph: In 2015, Oberlin-Brown graduated from the University of Waikato with a Bachelor of Management Studies (BMS), majoring in Strategic Management and International Business.

description: New Zealand rower

wikidata_label: Graham Oberlin-Brown

wikipedia_title: Graham Oberlin-Brown


text:
carnival
Cologne
Kölsch
Seven Mountains
Königswinter

categories: 1876 births,German composers,German lyricists

paragraph: Willi Ostermann

paragraph: Wilhelm "Willi" Ostermann (1 October 1876 – 6 August 1936) was a lyricist, composer and singer of carnival songs and songs about Cologne, primarily in the German dialect of Kölsch. The tune "Homesick for Cologne" is counted amongst his most famous pieces.

paragraph: In the year 1949, a monument was erected to commemorate the life and works of Willi Ostermann in the Seven Mountains' Nightingale Valley of Königswinter.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Liessem, "Willi Ostermann. Leben und Wirken des rheinischen Volkslieddichters". Josef Höfer Köln, 1936. 2., veränderte Auflage 1951. Neuausgabe (um Noten erweitert) als: "Willi Ostermann – Ein Leben für den Frohgesang am Rhein". Willi Ostermann Verlag Köln, 1958. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelm Staffel, "Willi Ostermann". Greven Verlag Köln, 1976. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans W. Krupp, "Willi Ostermann. Mundartdichter und Liedersänger." Stadt Köln [1986]. Neuausgabe als: "Willi Ostermann. 'En Kölle am Rhing …'." Eine Biographie von Hans W. Krupp, neu herausgegeben von Anne Krupp. Wienand Verlag Köln, 1995. .

description: German composer

wikidata_label: Willi Ostermann

wikipedia_title: Willi Ostermann


text: Vienna

text: Johann Georg Albrechtsberger

text: Giulietta Guicciardi

text: Naples

text: Joseph Bonaparte

text: Domenico Barbaia

text: Theater am Kärntnertor

categories: Austrian classical composers,1839 deaths,People from Vienna,1783 births,Ballet composers

paragraph: Wenzel Robert von Gallenberg

paragraph: Wenzel Robert von Gallenberg (28 December 1783 – 13 March 1839) (full name Johann Wenzel Robert Maria Joseph Sigmund Seyfried, Count Gallenberg) was an Austrian composer, particularly of ballets, which were produced in Vienna and Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Gallenberg was born in Vienna. Showing an interest in music at an early age, he did not pursue an official career. He studied composition with Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (whose notable pupils included Beethoven). From 1801 his compositions appeared in print; he produced piano works and orchestral works.

paragraph: On 3 November 1803 he married Countess Giulietta Guicciardi. She had been a pupil of Beethoven, who dedicated his Piano Sonata No. 14 ("Moonlight sonata") to her in 1802. In 1805 Gallenberg and his wife went to Naples, where he prepared the music, mostly his own compositions, for a concert on 31 May in honour of Joseph Bonaparte, which was well received. Early in 1806, when Joseph Bonaparte was King of Naples, Gallenberg became "Directeur des ballets"; in charge of music in the court theatre of Naples, he widened the repertoire of the company.

paragraph: In 1821 the impresario Domenico Barbaia, at that time manager of the court theatre in Naples, became manager of the Theater am Kärntnertor, the court theatre of Vienna; Gallenberg, moving to Vienna, became head of the administration committee of the theatre and was in charge of the music archives. In January 1829 he became lessee of the Theater am Kärntnertor; this arrangement ended in May 1830 when he was in financial difficulty. In the following years he lived in Italy and France. In 1838 he retired to Rome, where he died in 1839.

paragraph: Section::::Ballets.

paragraph: Gallenberg wrote about 50 ballets; some of the more notable are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Samson" (Naples and Vienna, 1811)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arsinoe and Telemaco" (Milan, 1813)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Riti Indiani" (Milan, 1814)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amleto" (Milan, 1815)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alfred der Grosse" (Vienna, 1820)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joan d'Arc" (Vienna, 1821)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Margereta" (Vienna 1822)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ismaana Grab" (Vienna, 1823)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Caravana del Cairo" (Naples, 1824)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ottavio Pinelli" (Vienna, 1828)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das befreite Jerusalem" (Vienna, 1828)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caesar in Egypten" (Vienna, 1829)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Theodosia" (Vienna, 1831)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Orpheus und Eurydice" (Vienna, 1831)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Agnes und Fitz Henri" (Vienna, 1833)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Biancas Wahl" (Vienna, 1835)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Latona's Rache" (Vienna, 1838)

description: Austrian composer and theatre director

wikidata_label: Wenzel Robert von Gallenberg

wikipedia_title: Wenzel Robert von Gallenberg


text:
Iran
calligrapher
Nastaliq
Tahmasp I
Ahmad Mashhadi
Iraq
Baghdad
Mir 'Ali Haravi
nasta'liq
Herat
Bukhara
Mir Emad
nastaliq
Mir 'Ali's
Sultan 'Ali Mashhadi
Mir 'Ali Haravi
Baghdad

categories: People from Isfahan,16th-century Iranian people,1500s births,Iranian calligraphers,Year of death unknown,16th-century people of the Safavid Empire

paragraph: Baba Shah Esfahani

paragraph: Baba Shah Isfahani (, "Bābā Šāh Isfahāni"), also known as Baba Shah Araghi (, "Bābā Šāh Arāqi"), was the most famous Iranian calligrapher in the 16th century and the most prominent calligrapher of Nastaliq script in the era of Tahmasp I. He was titled as "Reyis or-Roassa". His calligraphy teacher was Ahmad Mashhadi. In 1588, when he was young, he ravelled to Iraq. He was killed in Baghdad and was buried in this city. His works date back from 1569 until 1586.

paragraph: = Early Life =

paragraph: On the report of some "modern authorities like the Turkish scholar Habib Effendi, Baba Shah Isfahani had begun the study of calligraphy from the age of eight, and studied night and day for eight years with the celebrated Mir 'Ali Haravi (d. 951/1544-45), who perfected the nasta'liq style in Herat and Bukhara. Habib Effendi further states that Mir Emad (d. 1012/1603), perhaps the most admired master of nastaliq, derived his style from Baba Shah. If correct, this information would put Baba Shah's birth at least sixteen years before Mir 'Ali's death, or no later than 940/1533-34. On the other hand, Muhammad Qutb al-Din Yazdi wrote that he had met Baba Shah Isfahani in 995/1586-87, when the latter was still a young man, and he was amazed to see that he already excelled most of the calligraphers of the day. Qutb al-Din said that if he had lived longer, Baba Shah would have surpassed Sultan 'Ali Mashhadi and Mir 'Ali Haravi, and to achieve so much he must have had a divine gift. This information obviously conflicts with the statement of Habib Effendi, according to whom Baba Shah would have been over fifty at the very time when Qutb al-DIn commented on his youth; Qutb al-Din's statement also implies that Baba Shah died young, before realizing his full potential. Following the researches of the modern Iranian scholar Mehdi Bayani, we should accept the eyewitness account of Qutb al-Din, so that Baba Shah must have died in Baghdad in 996/1587-88; the modern attempt to link Baba Shah into the chain of the two greatest masters of nasta'liq cannot be demonstrated."

wikidata_label: Baba Shah Esfahani

wikipedia_title: Baba Shah Esfahani


text:
film director
1966 Cannes Film Festival
Răscoala
Răscoala
Toate pânzele sus
Blestemul pământului, blestemul iubirii
Andrei Blaier
Mihai Constantinescu
Miss Litoral

categories: 1928 births,People from Sibiu,Living people,Romanian film directors

paragraph: Mircea Mureșan

paragraph: Mircea Mureșan (born 11 November 1928) is a Romanian film director. He has directed 22 films since 1961. Mureșan won the prize for Best First Work at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival for the film "Răscoala".

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toamna se numără...", (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Partea ta de vină", (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Răscoala", (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "K.O.", (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baltagul", (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lunga noapte de șase ani" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Asediul", (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bariera", (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Porțile albastre ale orașului", (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toate pânzele sus", (1976, TV)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Împușcături sub clar de lună", (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blestemul pământului, blestemul iubirii", (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Întoarcerea la dragostea dintâi", (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lumini și umbre", (1981–1982), with Andrei Blaier and Mihai Constantinescu - TV

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O lebădă, iarna", (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Horea", (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cei mai frumoși 20 de ani", (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maria și marea" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miss Litoral" (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A doua cădere a Constantinopolului", (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sexy Harem Ada-Kaleh", (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Azucena", (2004)

description: film director

wikidata_label: Mircea Mureșan

wikipedia_title: Mircea Mureșan


text:
Portuguese
1958 Portuguese Grand Prix
Manoel de Oliveira
Second World War
Tazio Nuvolari
Rudolf Hasse
Bugatti
sports cars
Maserati 250F
Portuguese Grand Prix
Circuito da Boavista

categories: 1970 deaths,Portuguese racing drivers,Portuguese Formula One drivers,1907 births,Sportspeople from Porto

paragraph: Casimiro de Oliveira

paragraph: Antonio Casimiro Pinto de Oliveira (8 September 1907 – 22 November 1970) was a Portuguese racing driver. He was entered for the 1958 Portuguese Grand Prix but he was not present during the weekend. He was responsible for organizing the event. His brother was Manoel de Oliveira, a famed film director who managed to survive him by nearly 45 years.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He began his career in motorsport before the Second World War, often driving with his brother, who briefly raced before starting his directing career. In 1937, he gained some attention by beating Tazio Nuvolari and Rudolf Hasse in a race at the Circuit International de Vila Real. Bugatti then appealed him to race at the Rio de Janeiro Grand Prix in 1938. He qualified last and eventually after a long race, finished fifth. The Second World War then stopped his racing career, like most drivers of that era. After the war, he raced in sports cars, and finished second in the 1952 Portuguese Grand Prix.

paragraph: In 1958, he rented a Maserati 250F and was entered for the Portuguese Grand Prix. He failed a test run on the bumpy and dangerous Circuito da Boavista and withdrew from the event. He then decided to hang up his helmet for good.

paragraph: He died in Porto in 1970 at the age of 63.

description: Portuguese racing driver

wikidata_label: Casimiro De Oliveira

wikipedia_title: Casimiro de Oliveira


text:
Turkish
folk hero
Turkish War of Independence
martyr
Seydiler
Kastamonu Vilayet
World War I
Gallipoli Campaign
Greco-Turkish War
tumbrel
İnebolu
Ankara
Tankut Öktem
Atatürk
General Commander of the Gendarmerie
Aytaç Yalman
Metin Yurdanur

categories: Turkish people of the Turkish War of Independence,Women in the Turkish War of Independence,Women of the Ottoman Empire in warfare,1900s births,People from Seydiler,People from Kastamonu Vilayet,1921 deaths,Turkish revolutionaries

paragraph: Şerife Bacı

paragraph: Şerife Bacı (literally: Sister Şerife), aka Şerife Kadın for "Mrs. Şerife", (born c. 1900 – died December 1921) was a Turkish folk heroine, who took part in the Turkish War of Independence, and was declared a martyr due to her death during the war.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: She was born in a village in the Seydiler district of Kastamonu Vilayet. Her birth date is not known for certain. However, she was sixteen years old when she got married. Two months after her wedding, World War I broke out, and her husband was recruited. Six months later, she learnt of the death of her husband in the Gallipoli Campaign (1915–16). The villagers arranged her re-marriage to a wounded war veteran named Topal Yusuf (literally: Yusuf the Lame), who had lost his left leg and an eye in a bomb explosion at the front. In the third year of her re-marriage, Şerife Gelin (literally: Bride Şerife) as she was called, gave birth to a daughter named Elif. Şerife was a helpful person for almost everyone and every work in the village.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In the winter of 1921, the villagers were called to help transport ammunition needed in the Greco-Turkish War. She was on a trek together with her child and some other women carrying cannonballs on her oxen-driven tumbrel from İnebolu to Ankara. She was found dead shortly before the Kastamonu Barracks, perished from cold due to severe winter conditions in December 1921.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition.

paragraph: In memorial of the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Republic, the district mayor of Seydiler built 1973 a relief in her honor. In 1990, a monument by Tankut Öktem depicting Atatürk, Şerife Bacı and the women of Kastamonu in the War of Independence was placed in the Republic Square of the city. A monument in honor of "Martyr Şerife Bacı" was erected in the public park on the coast of İnebolu, commissioned by the General Commander of the Gendarmerie Aytaç Yalman and created by sculptor Metin Yurdanur. Its inauguration took place on December 4, 2001.

paragraph: Martyr Şerife Bacı is a symbol of the heroic Turkish women in the War of Independence.

paragraph: Many institutions such as schools and hospitals are named after her in Kastamonu and other cities in Turkey.

paragraph: In February 2012, twelve of the initially planned forty women from Kastamonu hiked the distance of from İnebolu to Kastamonu in three days under winter conditions to commemorate Şerife Bacı's deadly trek 91 years ago.

description: National Hero of Turkey

wikidata_label: Şerife Bacı

wikipedia_title: Şerife Bacı


text:
triathlete
XTERRA Triathlon
ITU
Ironman 70.3
Victoria, British Columbia
University of Victoria
ITU Results

categories: University of Victoria alumni,Canadian female triathletes,Living people,1973 births

paragraph: Melanie McQuaid

paragraph: Melanie McQuaid (born May 17, 1973) is a Canadian triathlete. Competing in primarily XTERRA Triathlon, or cross triathlon, she has won three XTERRA World Championships as well as the ITU Cross Triathlon World Championship in 2011 and 2017. McQuaid also races in half-iron and Ironman 70.3 triathlon events, with half a dozen wins at this distance.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: McQuaid was born and raised in Victoria, British Columbia. She competed in swimming while in high school and ran while attending the University of Victoria, earning her degree in biochemistry and chemistry. She next pursued a professional career in road cycling and mountain biking after being offered many opportunities in cycling as a beginning woman cyclist. She raced her first World Cup race in 1998, but after not making the Canadian mountain bike team for the 2000 Olympics, and growing tired of the repetitiveness of the single sport, McQuaid began competing in XTERRA triathlon. She found that these events suited her perfectly because of her athletic background and strengths.

paragraph: The success McQuaid has found in XTERRA and cross triathlon has translated into more than 40 wins since 2001. She has been named "Triathlete Magazine"'s Offroad Triathlete of the Year for 2005 and 2009. She was Triathlon Canada's Female Offroad Triathlete of the Year four times. In 2006 and 2008 she won the Offroad Triathlete of the Year award at the "Competitor" Magazine Endurance Sport Awards.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ITU Results

description: triathlete

wikidata_label: Melanie McQuaid

wikipedia_title: Melanie McQuaid


text:
art director
martial arts
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Academy Award for Best Art Direction
BAFTA
costume design
costume design
contemporary art
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
the Oscar
Best Art Direction
British Academy Film Award
A Better Tomorrow
John Woo
Ang Lee
Tsai Ming Liang
Tian Zhuangzhuang
Stanley Kwan
Chen Kuo-fu
Chen Kaige
Feng Xiaogang
China
Austria
France
United States
United Kingdom
Singapore
artist
Chinese culture
exhibitions
National Palace Museum
the Olympic Games
Beijing
Shanghai
Today Art Museum
Hong Kong Cinemagic

categories: 1967 births,Art directors,Best Art Direction Academy Award winners,Living people,Chinese costume designers

paragraph: Timmy Yip

paragraph: Timmy Yip Kam-tim (; born 1967) is a Chinese art director and designer for fiction films. He is best known for his work on the 2000 martial arts film "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon", for which he won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction. Yip also won a BAFTA award for the film's costume design. He has been alternatively credited as Tim Yip Kam-tim, Kam Tim Yip, Kam-tim Yip, and Tim Yip.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: A renowned artist, Timmy Yip has multidisciplinary works in costume design, visual and contemporary art. For his work in "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon", Tim won the Oscar for Best Art Direction and Costume Design in 2000 and he won the British Academy Film Award for Best Costume Design in 2000.

paragraph: Tim graduated from Hong Kong Polytechnic with a degree in photography. Since working on his first film A Better Tomorrow directed by John Woo in 1986, he has accomplished costume designs and art direction for many film and theatrical performances over the past two decades. In addition to Woo, Tim has collaborated with other film directors of international acclaim such as Ang Lee, Tsai Ming Liang, Tian Zhuangzhuang, Li Shaohong, Stanley Kwan, Chen Kuo-fu, Chen Kaige, and Feng Xiaogang. Tim has also worked with many renowned Taiwanese theatrical groups such as Cloud Gate Dance Theatre, Contemporary Legend Theatre, Han Tang Yue-fu Dance Ensemble, Tai-Gu Tales Dance Theatre, and U Theatre, with performances that have toured China, Austria, France, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Singapore. His striking costume design and art direction for the theatre production "Medea", television drama "Oranges Turn Ripe", and feature films "Temptation of a Monk" and "Double Vision" have further attracted worldwide attention to his work.

paragraph: In earlier works, Tim introduced his concept of the “New Orientalism” aesthetic, making him an important artist in helping the world understand the beauty of Chinese culture and arts. Since 2002, he has held many costume exhibitions such as Faces of the Time at the Taiwan National Palace Museum, Bourges Maison de la Culture in France and a special photography exhibition in Spain, conveying his interpretation of beauty in Oriental art to Western audiences. In 2004, Tim Yip was the art and costume director for the Beijing handover performance at the Olympic Games closing ceremony in Athens. In recent years, he has held various solo art exhibitions in New York, Beijing and Shanghai, and in 2005 he was invited by the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts to participate in the China Red exhibition. The Beijing Today Art Museum organized his solo art exhibition Illusions of Silence in late 2007. Tim has several publications including Lost in Time, Flower of the Wind, Floating, Circulation, Rouge: L’art de Tim Yip (published in both French and English), Illusions of Silence and Passage. He is the art director for a production of "The Dream of the Red Chamber," produced by the San Francisco Opera in September 2016.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hong Kong Cinemagic

description: art director

wikidata_label: Timmy Yip

wikipedia_title: Timmy Yip


text:
Korean
Hanja
Korean
Korean
Zhu Xi
Yuan Dynasty
China
Goryeo
Joseon Dynasty
Jeong Do-jeon
Gwon Geun
Buddhist
Goryeo
Confucianism
Buddhism
Taoism
Jeong Mong-ju
Yi Seong-gye
Goryeo
Joseon
KBS1
Jeong Do-jeon
List of Korean philosophers

categories: Korean male poets,Korean philosophers,Goryeo people,14th-century Korean poets,1396 deaths,Korean Confucianists,1328 births,14th-century philosophers

paragraph: Yi Saek

paragraph: Yi Saek (Korean: 이색, Hanja: 李穡, 1328 – 1396), also known by his pen name Mogeun (Korean: 목은), was a Korean writer and poet. His family belonged to the Hansan Yi clan. Yi Saek played a crucial role in the introduction and localisation of philosophy of Zhu Xi. He studied Neo-Confucianism in Yuan Dynasty China and opened an academy after his return to Goryeo, and from his academy the founders of Joseon Dynasty were educated.

paragraph: Many of his disciples, such as Jeong Do-jeon and Gwon Geun, used Neo-Confucianism as the ideological basis for overthrowing the Buddhist kingdom of Goryeo and establishing Confucian Joseon. However, Yi Saek himself remained loyal to the Goryeo Dynasty and didn't believe the wiping out of Buddhism, as Jeong Do-jeon insisted, would be of any benefit. Yi Saek believed in the co-existence of the "Three Disciplines": Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Yi Saek resigned from all political positions after the founding of the Joseon Dynasty.

paragraph: Not much is known about how he died, but some say that he was murdered while crossing a bridge, like Jeong Mong-ju (four years earlier in 1392). When he was offered the position of Prime Minister by Yi Seong-gye, Yi Saek turned the offer down and told him that he could not serve two kings (of Goryeo and Joseon). Yi Seong-gye subsequently ordered his men to kill him if he was not able to cross the bridge in time, and if he does cross it in time, to let him go. He died because he didn't cross the bridge in time.

paragraph: Yi Saek left various poetry, essays and letters compiled in "The Collected Works of Mogeun".

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Park Ji-il in the 2014 KBS1 TV series "Jeong Do-jeon".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Korean philosophers

description: Joseon poet

wikidata_label: Yi Saek

wikipedia_title: Yi Saek


text:
Upstate New York
Manhattan
Juilliard
Samuel Adler
Christopher Rouse
Elliott Sharp
This Is Music Ltd
Findlay Brown
KCRW
Beatport
FMQB
Miami Fashion Week
POP Montreal
North by Northeast
Stereogum
Flaunt
PureVolume
The Deli
Consequence of Sound
XLR8R
Made in Chelsea
Dance Moms
Bones
One Life to Live

categories: American singer-songwriters,Singers from New York City,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Beca (musician)

paragraph: Becca Schack, known by her stage name Beca (also Beca Dreams) is an American singer, songwriter, and producer from New York.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Beca grew up in Upstate New York. In her youth she played the piano, sang, and studied many genres of music including jazz and classical.

paragraph: At age 18 she moved to Manhattan to study music composition at Juilliard with composers Samuel Adler, Christopher Rouse, and Elliott Sharp.

paragraph: She found herself drawn to the club scene and started playing with various indie bands.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: Her two first EPs "Let's Run Wild" and "Born to Fly" were released via UK label This Is Music Ltd in 2012. The songs on "Let's Run Wild" were co-written and co-produced by Findlay Brown.

paragraph: Her debut album, "Ecliptic", was independently released in 2015. The album accrued radio spins from over 50 stations nationwide including Los Angeles' KCRW. Her song "Meteor" charted on Beatport's Top 100 Indie Dance Releases and debuted in the Top 90 of the FMQB (Friday Morning Quarterback) Singles Chart.

paragraph: Beca has performed at festivals and events, including Miami Fashion Week, POP Montreal and North by Northeast (NXNE).

paragraph: Beca has appeared in many international media publications including: "Stereogum", "Flaunt" magazine, PureVolume, "The Deli" magazine, "Consequence of Sound" and "XLR8R".

paragraph: Her music has appeared on "Made in Chelsea", "Dance Moms", "Bones", and "One Life to Live".

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Beca

wikipedia_title: Beca (musician)


text: Rozdół

text: Podolia Governorate

text: Kraków

text: Polish

text: politician

text: economist

text: activist

text: Polish Corps

text: Polish coup attempt

text: Popular National Union

text: Sejm

text: Aleksander Skrzyński

text: Polish Socialist Party

text: Camp of Great Poland

text: Józef Piłsudski

text: World War II

text: National Party

categories: Government ministers of Poland,People from Holovanivsk Raion,Polish economists,Camp of Great Poland politicians,Popular National Union politicians,Polish activists,Polish nobility,1975 deaths,National League (Poland) members,People of the Polish May Coup (pro-government side),1880 births,Members of the Polish National Committee (1914–17),People from Podolia Governorate,National Party (Poland) politicians,Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic

paragraph: Jerzy Zdziechowski

paragraph: Jerzy Zdziechowski (27 August 1880, Rozdół, Podolia Governorate – 25 April 1975, Kraków) was a Polish politician, economist and economical activist, author of economical works.

paragraph: During the years of 1917–1918 he was one of the leaders of "Rada Polska Zjednoczenia Międzypartyjnego" in Russia. There, he co-organised Polish Corps in Russia. In 1919 he was one of the main participants in an unsuccessful Polish coup attempt.

paragraph: From 1922 to 1927, Zdziechowski was a Popular National Union deputy to the Sejm. In 1925–1926 he was a Minister of Treasury in the Aleksander Skrzyński cabinet. He elaborated economic programme which realisation caused resignation of the Polish Socialist Party ruling coalition, and as a result of that, break-up and fall of the cabinet. In 1926–1933 Zdziechowski was a member of the Council of the Camp of Great Poland. In 1926 Zdziechowski was brutally beaten by unidentified men in his own house in Warsaw. The perpetrators were dressed in uniforms, and their identity was never discovered. Some political commentators indirectly accused Józef Piłsudski of ordering to intimidate Zdziechowski. After 1939 he was an activist of economical organisations.

paragraph: Zdziechowski emigrated from the country in September 1939. After World War II he became a chairman of Executive Department of the Political Council in London as a National Party member.

description: Polish politician

wikidata_label: Jerzy Zdziechowski

wikipedia_title: Jerzy Zdziechowski


text:
Victorian
hermit
recluse
red herrings
apoplexy
Hackney
The Breeders
Last Splash
NY Times obituary

paragraph: James Lucas (hermit)

paragraph: James Lucas (1813 – 21 April 1874) was a celebrated English Victorian eccentric and hermit who gained international renown by his strange way of life. He was known as the Hermit of Hertfordshire and Mad Lucas.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Lucas was an amiable, eccentric landowner who was well-educated, had studied medicine and was a good conversationalist. However his mother's death, in 1849, greatly accentuated his eccentricities. He became a complete recluse, and barricaded himself into his home.

paragraph: He refused to administer his mother's will, in which he inherited the family estate at Elmwood House near Redcoats Green, Hertfordshire, and deferred burial of her for three months. He developed a paranoid fear of his relatives. He locked himself in his mansion and allowed nothing in the building to be touched. It sank into a dilapidated and decaying condition. He lived solely in the kitchen, sleeping on a bed of ashes and soot. He went naked except for a blanket, enveloped in which he used to appear at his windows. He never washed and his hair grew to waist length. He lived on bread, cheese, eggs, red herrings and gin. His house became infested with rats and he kept his food in baskets hung from the ceiling to protect it from them. He always kept a gun at his side.

paragraph: Lucas communicated with the world only through an iron grille and employed two armed watchmen who lived in a nearby hut. He was, however, quite willing to receive visitors, mostly tramps and children but increasingly the well-to-do who came to engage him in conversation.

paragraph: Lucas died of apoplexy in 1874, having hoarded a considerable sum of money in his living room.

paragraph: He is buried in the family grave in Hackney churchyard, London.

paragraph: After his death 17 cartloads of dirt and ashes were removed from the house.

paragraph: Lucas is the subject of the song "Mad Lucas" by The Breeders on their 1993 album, "Last Splash".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- From: 'Parishes: Great or Much Wymondley', A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3 (1912), pp. 181–185. URL:  Date accessed: 10 February 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NY Times obituary

description: British hermit

wikidata_label: James Lucas

wikipedia_title: James Lucas (hermit)


text:
professional boxer
Sacramento, California
light welterweight
World Boxing Foundation
NABF
IBA
lightweight
IBO
Ciudad Juárez
El Paso
Sacramento
California
amateur career
Golden Gloves
Reseda
California
undercard
Shane Mosley
knockout
California
lightweight
Ricky Hatton

categories: People from Ciudad Juárez,Boxers from Chihuahua (state),Living people,1975 births

paragraph: Juan Lazcano

paragraph: Juan Lazcano (born March 23, 1975) is a Mexican American professional boxer currently based in Sacramento, California. He fights at light welterweight and is a former World Boxing Foundation (WBF), NABF and IBA lightweight champion, as well as having challenged for the IBO light welterweight title.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Lazcano was born in Ciudad Juárez and was moved to El Paso when two months old. There, he attended Jefferson High School, later finishing at Bowie High. At Jefferson High, he and classmate Daniel Puente, along with other young boxers, sparred together at Rocky's Gym where he was crowned the Golden Gloves. He now lives and fights out of Sacramento, California.

paragraph: He and Lourdes were childhood sweethearts, but are now divorced. They have four children together. They became parents when Juan was only 17 years of age.

paragraph: Section::::Amateur career.

paragraph: Lazcano had an extensive amateur career. He had in excess of 100 amateur fights from the age of 8 to 18 with 135 wins and 15 losses and won the Texas Golden Gloves titles and boxed in the US national championships at both junior and open class levels.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Debut.

paragraph: Lazcano turned professional in July 1993 in Country Club, Reseda, California on the undercard of a bill that included Shane Mosley and Mauro Gutierrez. On his debut he defeated Chris Crespin with a first round knockout.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Title Fight.

paragraph: Lazcano won twelve of his first thirteen with eight victories coming via knockout. Then, in December 1996, Lazcano fought his first title fight against Californian Daniel Lujan for the vacant WBF lightweight title. The first fight between the two was judge a draw and they again faced each other in a rematch three months later. This time Lazcano emerged victorious with fourth round knockout.

paragraph: Lazcano took on Ricky Hatton at the City Of Manchester Stadium on May 24, a bout that Lazcano lost via unanimous decision. Lazcano dished out and received punishment from Hatton from start to finish. At one point Lazcano had Hatton visibly hurt. A moment in which a quick timeout was called by the referee so Hatton's corner could tie his shoe.

description: Mexican boxer

wikidata_label: Juan Lazcano

wikipedia_title: Juan Lazcano


text: United States

text: Union Army

text: American Civil War

text: 148th Pennsylvania Infantry

text: Medal of Honor

text: Battle of Spotsylvania Court House

text: Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania

text: American Civil War

text: Camp Curtin

text: 148th Pennsylvania Infantry

text: Cockeysville, Maryland

text: Army of the Potomac's

text: Falmouth, Virginia

text: Springfield rifles

text: President Abraham Lincoln

text: Battle of Chancellorsville

text: Battle of Gettysburg

text: Battle of Wapping Heights

text: Mine Run Campaign

text: Battle of Cold Harbor

text: Siege of Petersburg

text: Fort Stedman

text: Robert E. Lee

text: First Battle of Deep Bottom

text: Battle of the Crater

text: Second Battle of Deep Bottom

text: Weldon Railroad

text: Second Battle of Ream's Station

text: Fort Gregg

text: Major-General George Meade

text: Richmond-Petersburg Campaign

text: Fort Cummings

text: Battle of White Oak Road

text: U.S. Veteran Reserve Corps

text: Centre County, Pennsylvania

text: Milesburg, Pennsylvania

text: Bellefonte

text: Union Cemetery

text: U.S. National Archives

text: Pennsylvania in the American Civil War

text: George W. Harris

categories: People from Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania,1835 births,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Union Army soldiers,1921 deaths,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: George W. Harris

paragraph: George W. Harris (March 6, 1835 – January 30, 1921) was a United States soldier who fought with the Union Army during the American Civil War as a private with Company B of the 148th Pennsylvania Infantry, a regiment which "was present in every battle of the Army of the Potomac from Chancellorsville to the surrender at Appomattox and was in the hottest fighting of all of them except the Wilderness".

paragraph: On December 1, 1864, he received his nation's highest award for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor, for capturing the enemy's flag while engaged in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House on May 12, 1864.

paragraph: Section::::Formative years.

paragraph: Harris was born on March 6, 1835 in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. During the early years of the American Civil War, he was employed as a sailor.

paragraph: Section::::Civil War.

paragraph: On August 15, 1862, at the age of 33, Harris enrolled for Civil War military service at Milesburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania. He then officially mustered in for duty at Camp Curtin in Harrisburg as a private with Company B of the 148th Pennsylvania Infantry on August 29.

paragraph: Transported to Cockeysville, Maryland from September 9-10, 1861, Harris and his fellow 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers remained there until December 9 when they were transported to the field, by way of Baltimore and Washington, D.C. Marched to the front lines of the war on December 11, they were assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Second Corps upon reaching the Army of the Potomac's headquarters in Falmouth, Virginia on December 17. Provided with tents on Christmas Day, 1862, they were then equipped with Springfield rifles on January 17, 1863. On April 7, they participated in a review of Union Army troops by President Abraham Lincoln. By the end of that month, they were engaged in their first major test of combat — the Battle of Chancellorsville. After burying the last of their casualties on June 16, they marched for Pennsylvania where, from July 1-3, they fought in the Battle of Gettysburg. Afterward, they marched for Maryland and then Virginia where, on July 23, they supported the U.S. Army's Third Corps in the Battle of Wapping Heights. Engaged in the Union Army's Port Conway Expedition from August 31-September 4, they continued to pursue enemy troops throughout Virginia during the months of September and October. On September 24, they were transferred to the Third Brigade. On October 14, they fought in the battles of Auburn Mills/Coffee Hill and Bristoe Station. In late November, they embarked on the Mine Run Campaign.

paragraph: Engaging the enemy again near Spottsylvania on May 18, Harris and the 148th Pennsylvania then fought in the Battle of Cold Harbor on June 3. After the regiment buried the last of its dead, they withdrew to Wilcox Landing and, beginning June 16, participated with other Union troops in the Siege of Petersburg. Engaged in the Battle of Hare House on June 16 and the fighting at Fort Stedman against the second line of Confederate General Robert E. Lee, they also skirmished with the enemy three days later near Williams House. On July 27, 1864, they captured a Confederate artillery battery in the First Battle of Deep Bottom, fought in the Battle of the Crater (July 30), fought in the Second Battle of Deep Bottom (August 14-20), helped to destroy the Weldon Railroad (August 22), fought in the Second Battle of Ream's Station (August 25), and then skirmished off and on with the enemy while stationed in and around Forts Stedman, Rice and Morton during the months of September and October. On December 1, Harris and his fellow B Company soldiers were assigned with those from the 148th Pennsylvania's D, E, H, and I companies to garrison Fort Gregg. Five days later, on December 6, the U.S. Medal of Honor was presented to Harris personally by Major-General George Meade, commanding officer of the U.S. Army of the Potomac, during a formal ceremony in front of the 148th Pennsylvania and other Union troops near Petersburg, Virginia at the Peebles' House, which had been taken over by the Union for use as the headquarters of the U.S. Second Army Corps.

paragraph: After departing their winter quarters in early February of 1865, Harris and his fellow 148th Pennsylvanians captured an enemy position near Tucker House on February 5 as part of the ongoing Richmond-Petersburg Campaign, engaged the enemy a mile outside of Fort Cummings (March 25), supported their brigade's operations along the Boydton Plank Road (March 29-30), and then fought in the Battle of White Oak Road at Gravelly Road near Five Forks on March 31, 1865. Also known as the Battle of Hatcher's Run, it was here that Harris was grievously wounded in action. Having sustained a gunshot wound to the chest which impacted his lungs, he was treated at a Union Army hospital before being transferred to the U.S. Veteran Reserve Corps (also known as the "invalid corps").

paragraph: After a brief period of service with the VRC, Harris was then discharged honorably on May 11, 1865.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war life.

paragraph: Following his honorable discharge from the military, Harris returned home to Pennsylvania. In 1871, he wed Centre County, Pennsylvania native Hannah Stratton (1835–1906). Childless for the duration of their marriage, the couple resided in Milesburg, Pennsylvania during the 1880s, 1890s and early part of the new century. By 1904, they were residing in Runville, Pennsylvania near Bellefonte in Centre County.

paragraph: Preceded in death by his wife in 1906, Harris died in Bellefonte roughly fifteen years later at age 85, and was buried in that community's Union Cemetery. Although his original headstone was carved with an incorrect death year (1920), a newer, government-issued headstone was carved with the correct death date of January 30, 1921, which was documented in his U.S Civil War Pension file and the U.S. Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards maintained by the U.S. National Archives. The latter record system also documented the steady increase in his pension rate from $15 per month in 1907 to $72 per month at the time of his death.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 148th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Spotsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Entered service at: Bellefonte, Pa. Birth: Schuylkill, Pa. Date of issue: December 1, 1864. Citation:

paragraph: Capture of flag, wresting it from the color bearer and shooting an officer who attempted to regain it.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pennsylvania in the American Civil War

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George W. Harris (memorial and gravesite information). Salt Lake City, Utah: Find A Grave, retrieved online September 10, 2018.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glantz, Edward J. "Regimental History 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers". Centre County, Pennsylvania: 148th PVI Company C, retrieved online September 11, 2018.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muffly, Joseph Wendel, ed. "The Story of Our Regiment: A History of the 128th Pennsylvania Vols." Des Moines, Iowa: The Kenyon Printing & Mfg. Co., 1904.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swain, Craig. "Reverberations: Bellefonte's Union Cemetery and the Overland Campaign". Loudon County, Virginia: "Marker Hunter", May 24, 2014.

wikidata_label: George W. Harris

wikipedia_title: George W. Harris


text: Palos

text: Spain

text: Yucatán Peninsula

text: Maya

text: mestizo

text: Americas

text: Gerónimo de Aguilar

text: Santo Domingo

text: Yucatán Peninsula

text: Quintana Roo

text: Mexico

text: Maya

text: Bernal Díaz de Castillo

text: Hernán Cortés

text: Conquest of Mexico

text: Chactemal

text: Gerónimo de Aguilar

text: mestizo

text: Cordoba's expedition

text: Cuba

text: Doña Marina

text: cacique

text: Christian

text: Robert S. Chamberlain

text: Francisco de Montejo

text: Pedro de Alvarado

text: Pedrarias

text: indigenous of the Americas

text: John Coe Robbins

text: David Stacton

text: A Signal Victory

text: Faber & Faber

text: Indigenismo

text: Maya civilization

text: Spanish Conquest

text: Robert S. Chamberlain

categories: 1536 deaths,Latin American folklore,Mexican literature,Year of birth unknown,Colonial Mexico,Spanish explorers,16th-century Spanish people,Shipwreck survivors

paragraph: Gonzalo Guerrero

paragraph: Gonzalo Guerrero (also known as Gonzalo Marinero, Gonzalo de Aroca and Gonzalo de Aroza) was a sailor from Palos, in Spain who shipwrecked along the Yucatán Peninsula and was taken as a slave by the local Maya. Earning his freedom, Guerrero became a respected warrior under a Maya Lord and raised three of the first mestizo children in Mexico and presumably the first mixed children of the mainland Americas. Little is known of his early life.

paragraph: Section::::Shipwrecked.

paragraph: In 1511, sailing with 15 others including Gerónimo de Aguilar in a caravel from Panama and heading for Santo Domingo, he was shipwrecked. However, the crew managed to board the ship's lifeboat and drifted for two weeks along the Yucatán Peninsula until strong currents brought them to the shore of what is now Quintana Roo, in Mexico. On reaching land, Guerrero and the other members of the crew were captured by the local Maya.

paragraph: Section::::Slavery.

paragraph: Bernal Díaz de Castillo ("Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España", Chapter XXIX) records Aguilar's account, whereby Mayans sacrificed some of the ship's crew almost immediately, while putting the rest into cages. The Europeans managed to escape, but other Mayan lords captured and enslaved them. By 1519, the year Hernán Cortés began his Conquest of Mexico, only two from the original shipwreck remained alive: Gonzalo Guerrero, who by this time had become famous in the Mayan world as a war leader for Nachan Can, Lord of Chactemal (which included parts of Mexico and Belize); and Gerónimo de Aguilar, who had taken holy orders in his native Spain. Guerrero had by then married Nachan Can's daughter Zazil Há and had fathered the first mestizo children in the region. Cortes also learned that it was Guerrero's suggestion which led to the earlier attack on Cordoba's expedition.

paragraph: Section::::Reluctance to return.

paragraph: On arriving in Cozumel from Cuba, Cortés sent a letter by Maya messenger across to the mainland, inviting the two Spaniards, of whom he had heard rumors, to join him. Aguilar became a translator, along with Doña Marina, 'La Malinche', during the Conquest. According to the account of Bernal Díaz, when the newly freed friar attempted to convince Guerrero to join him, Gonzalo Guerrero responded:

paragraph: Spanish: ""Hermano Aguilar, yo soy casado y tengo tres hijos. Tienenme por cacique y capitán, cuando hay guerras, la cara tengo labrada, y horadadas las orejas. ¿Que dirán de mi esos españoles, si me ven ir de este modo? Idos vos con la bendición de Dios, que ya veis que estos mis hijitos son bonitos, y dadme por vida vuestra de esas cuentas verdes que traeis, para darles, y diré, que mis hermanos me las envían de mi tierra.""

paragraph: English Translation: ""Brother Aguilar; I am married and have three children, and they look on me as a cacique (lord) here, and captain in time of war. My face is tattooed and my ears are pierced. What would the Spaniards say about me if they saw me like this? Go and God's blessing be with you, for you have seen how handsome these children of mine are. Please give me some of those beads you have brought to give to them and I will tell them that my brothers have sent them from my own country.""

paragraph: Díaz goes on to describe how Gonzalo's Mayan wife, Zazil Há, interrupted the conversation and angrily addressed Aguilar in her own language:

paragraph: Spanish: "" Y asimismo la india mujer del Gonzalo habló a Aguilar en su lengua, muy enojada y le dijo: Mira con qué viene este esclavo a llamar a mi marido: idos vos y no curéis de más pláticas. ""

paragraph: English Translation: ""And the Indian wife of Gonzalo spoke to Aguilar in her own tongue very angrily and said to him, "What is this slave coming here for talking to my husband, - go off with you, and don't trouble us with any more words."""

paragraph: Then Aguilar spoke to Guerrero again, reminding him of his Christian faith and warning him against throwing away his everlasting soul for the sake of an Indian woman. But he did not convince Gonzalo.

paragraph: According to Robert S. Chamberlain,

paragraph: Francisco de Montejo discovered that Guerrero was the military captain of Chectumal. He tried to win him over by sending him a longish letter reminding him of his Christian faith, offering him his friendship and a complete pardon, and asking him to come to the caravel. Guerrero replied by writing on the back of the letter that he could not leave his Lord because he was a slave, "even though I am married and have a wife and children. I remember God, and you, Sir, and the Spaniards have a good friend in me."

paragraph: Guerrero appears to have told his Maya friends and family that the Spaniards would suffer death like other men. He led the Maya in campaigns against Cortés and his lieutenants like Pedro de Alvarado and the Panamanian governor Pedrarias. Alvarado's instructions in his Honduras campaign included an order to capture Guerrero.

paragraph: Oviedo reports Guerrero as dead by 1532, when Montejo's lieutenants Avila and Lujón arrived again in Chectumal. Andrés de Cereceda, in a letter to the Spanish King dated August 14, 1536, writes of a battle that occurred in late June 1536 between Pedro de Alvarado and a local Honduran cacique named Çiçumba. The naked and tattooed body of a Spaniard was found dead within Çiçumba's town of Ticamaya after the battle. According to Cereceda, this Spaniard had come over with 50 war-canoes from Chetumal early in 1536, to help Çiçumba fight the Spanish who were attempting to colonize his lands. The Spaniard was killed in the battle by an arquebus shot. Although Cereceda says the Spaniard was named Gonzalo Aroca, R. Chamberlain and other historians writing about the event identify the man as Gonzalo Guerrero. Guerrero was 50 years old when he died.

paragraph: There are no verified first-hand accounts written by Gonzalo Guerrero that have survived until today. The primary accounts of other people writing about him are our source of information. First, there is Geronimo de Aguilar, who says Guerrero was captured by the Maya at the same time as he was. Cortés exchanged letters with Guerrero, but did not meet him face to face. Bernal Díaz de Castillo wrote about the same events as Cortes. Cereceda found him dead on a battlefield in Honduras but never communicated with him. The initial Spanish attempts to chronicle the conquest, done in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries (Oviedo, Herrera), mention him, but are considered less accurate than the contemporary accounts.

paragraph: Section::::Knowledge of Guerrero's existence.:Recent accounts.

paragraph: Literary critic Rose-Anna M. Mueller, in an essay titled "From Cult to Comics: The Representation of Gonzalo Guerrero as Cultural Hero in Mexican Popular Culture", surveys the numerous depictions of Guerrero from a reviled figure for the sixteenth-century Spanish invaders to founder of modern Mexico. Yet, like many symbols, the reality behind this myth remains very questionable.

paragraph: Mueller concludes, 'while primary and secondary sources sketched Guerrero's history during the colonial period, today he has become a political and literary icon and has been transformed into a national myth... If he was reviled by the chroniclers, Guerrero has enjoyed a vindication of sorts, since he has become an exemplar who fills the need to connect the colonizers from Europe and the indigenous of the Americas in a domestic context'

paragraph: Perhaps the most famous literary work celebrating Guerrero as the father of the mestizos in Mexico remains "Gonzalo Guerrero: Novela historica" by Eugenio Aguirre published in 1980 in Mexico. The novel became a national bestseller and went on to win the Paris International Academy's Silver Medal in 1981. Another popular book published in Mexico in 1999, "Guerrero and Heart's Blood" by Alan Clark tells of the inward life and history of Guerrero and Aguilar. Guerrero and Aguilar are central figures in the historical novel "Maya Lord" by John Coe Robbins which was published in the U.S. in 2011. "The Confessions of Gonzalo Guerrero", by John Reisinger, was published in 2015, and is an historical novel written from Guerrero's point of view, exploring his motivations and conflicts, as well as his relation with his Mayan wife.

paragraph: American author David Stacton fictionalized Guerrero's life and exploits in his novel "A Signal Victory" (1960). Recently republished by Faber & Faber, the work is "David Stacton's eighth novel, and the first in what he envisaged as an 'American Triptych'... [It] paints a vivid picture of the impact of two great civilisations upon each other [and of] Guerrero's story - that of a man who found where his true loyalties lay, and pursued them to their inevitable end."

paragraph: Although Gonzalo Guerrero appears in various historical chronicles of the conquest of Mexico and media and his existence is historically attested, some accounts of him are contradictory. These, coupled with often missing facts and historical falsehoods, have led over the centuries to a continuous redefinition of the character. This process started with the chroniclers of the 16th century and culminated in the 20th century with the Mexican Indigenismo, each with their own motivation and interpretation.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maya civilization

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spanish Conquest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spanish conquest of Honduras#Abandonment of Buena Esperanza, 1536

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, Historia General y Natural de las Indias, Book XXXII, Chapter VI, 1851, Madrid.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert S. Chamberlain, Conquest and Colonization of Yucatán 1517-1550, 1947, Washington DC.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva España, 1992, Madrid.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Genaro Garcia (Editor), Alfred Percival Maudslay (Translator), The True History of the Conquest of New Spain, 2010, Cambridge.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archivo de la historia de Yucatán, Campeche y Tabasco. 3 vols, ed. J. Ignacio Rubio Mañé (Mexico D.F., 1942).

description: Spanish explorer

wikidata_label: Gonzalo Guerrero

wikipedia_title: Gonzalo Guerrero