text:
Cardinal
Archbishop of Florence
cardinalate
Fagagna
seminary
Udine
Pontifical Roman Seminary
Pontifical Biblical Institute
Pontifical Lateran University
ordained
Dean
Theology
Rector
pastoral
canon
St. Mark's Basilica
Domestic Prelate of His Holiness
Coadjutor Archbishop
Florence
Titular Archbishop
episcopal consecration
Clemente Micara
Luigi Traglia
co-consecrators
Lateran Basilica
Elia Dalla Costa
Archbishop of Florence
Second Vatican Council
document on
Divine Revelation
Pope Paul VI
Cardinal-Priest
Regina Apostolorum
consistory
Florence
cardinal electors
conclaves
August
October 1978
Popes John Paul I
John Paul II
Basilica of Santa Maria del Fiore
surgery
eye
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Catholic-Hierarchy

categories: 1901 births,Roman Catholic archbishops of Florence,People from Fagagna,Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI,Italian cardinals,1985 deaths,Pontifical Lateran University alumni,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni

paragraph: Ermenegildo Florit

paragraph: Ermenegildo Florit (5 July 1901 – 8 December 1985) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Florence from 1962 to 1977, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1965.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ermenegildo Florit was born in Fagagna, and attended the seminary in Udine, the Pontifical Roman Seminary, and the Pontifical Biblical Institute and Pontifical Lateran University in Rome. Before finishing his studies in 1927, he was ordained to the priesthood on 11 April 1925. Florit served as a professor (1929–1954) and later the Dean of Theology and Vice-Rector (1951–1954) at the Pontifical Lateran University, while also doing pastoral work in Rome. In 1951, he was made a canon of St. Mark's Basilica and, on 21 August, a Domestic Prelate of His Holiness.

paragraph: On 12 July 1954, Florit was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Florence and Titular Archbishop of "Hierapolis in Syria". He received his episcopal consecration on the following 12 September from Cardinal Clemente Micara, with Archbishop Luigi Traglia and Bishop Emilio Pizzoni serving as co-consecrators, in the Lateran Basilica. Florit succeeded the late Elia Dalla Costa as Archbishop of Florence on 9 March 1962, and then attended the Second Vatican Council until 1965. During the Council, he was heavily involved with the drafting of its document on Divine Revelation.

paragraph: Pope Paul VI created him Cardinal-Priest of "Regina Apostolorum" in the consistory of 22 February 1965. In 1968, the Cardinal engaged in a dispute with the popular Florentine priest Enzo Mazzi, whose rebellious attitude the former saw as a threat to "ecclesiastical unity". Resigning as Florence's archbishop on 3 June 1977, Florit was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively.

paragraph: He died in Florence, at age 84, and is buried in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Fiore.

paragraph: Section::::Other.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florit once had surgery performed on his eye.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

paragraph: br

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Ermenegildo Florit

wikipedia_title: Ermenegildo Florit


text: Leszczyc coat of arms

text: Poznań

text: bishop

text: Kraków

text: Prague

text: Padua

text: Władysław II Jagiełło

text: Queen Jadwiga

text: Vilnius and Radom

text: Horodło

text: Jagiellonian University

text: Pope Boniface IX

text: Church of St. Wojciech

text: List of Bishops of Poznań

text: Roman Catholicism: Polish Dioceses

categories: Bishops of Kraków,Bishops of Poznań,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Jagiellonian University faculty,Charles University in Prague alumni,Year of birth unknown,14th-century Roman Catholic bishops,University of Padua alumni,1414 deaths

paragraph: Piotr Wysz Radoliński

paragraph: Piotr Wysz Radoliński of Leszczyc coat of arms was born circa 1354 in Radolin and died on 30 September 1414 in Poznań. He was a bishop of Kraków from 1392, and a bishop of Poznań from 1412. A lawyer by profession, he studied in Prague and Padua, where in 1386 he received his doctorate in dual law.

paragraph: Radoliński worked for the King Władysław II Jagiełło and Queen Jadwiga. From 1391 he served as a chancellor in the court of the queen, and on 4 December 1392 was appointed Bishop of Kraków. He was a signatory to two Polish-Lithuanian acts of union, that of Vilnius and Radom in 1401 and of Horodło in 1413.

paragraph: He co-founded the Department of Theology of the Jagiellonian University in 1397 per decree of Pope Boniface IX. Radoliński was also the first chancellor of the university.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Church of St. Wojciech

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Bishops of Poznań

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholicism: Polish Dioceses

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter of Radolin called Wyszy at www.kul.edu.pl "(pdf file)"

alias:
Piotr Wysz Radolinski
Paulus Anglicus

description: Bishop of Poznan

wikidata_label: Piotr Wysz Radoliński

wikipedia_title: Piotr Wysz Radoliński


text:
independent record label
Pacific Northwest
Portland, Oregon
Hazel
Sub Pop
Donna Dresch
Kaia Wilson
Team Dresch
Kill Rock Stars
Queercore
Personal Best
Chainsaw Records
Candy Ass Records
Cypher in the Snow
New Bad Things
Free to Fight
Lois Maffeo
Excuse 17
Heavens to Betsy
Fifth Column
bell hooks
Bridget Irish
Roberta Gregory
She's Real, Worse Than Queer
Lucy Thane
Sleater-Kinney
Cypher in the Snow
Captain, My Captain
Longstocking
The Little Deaths
Olympia, Washington
Amy Ray
Lesbians on Ecstasy
Lesbians on Ecstasy
Candy Ass Records
Free To Fight
Team Dresch
Family Outing webpage

categories: American rock drummers,American punk rock guitarists,Living people,Queercore musicians,American female drummers,Female bass guitarists,American female guitarists,American punk rock bass guitarists,Female punk rock singers,Reed College alumni,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Jody Bleyle

paragraph: Jody Bleyle is an American musician, songwriter and independent record label owner.

paragraph: Jody Bleyle first gained public attention in the Pacific Northwest music scene of the 1990s, in the Portland, Oregon–based band Hazel. Prior to Hazel, she was in the college band Lovebutt while she was a student at Reed College. Hazel was formed in 1992, released two albums on the Sub Pop label, to critical acclaim. Jody Bleyle played drums and sang for the band.

paragraph: In 1993, Bleyle teamed up with Donna Dresch and Kaia Wilson to create the band Team Dresch, in which she played guitar and sang. The group's first release was a single on the Kill Rock Stars label, which immediately garnered them much attention and they quickly became one of the defining bands of the Queercore scene. Their first LP, "Personal Best", was co-released on both Dresch's label Chainsaw Records and Bleyle's label Candy Ass Records. Candy Ass Records went on to issue recordings by a number of bands including Hazel, Cypher in the Snow, and New Bad Things, but is best known for the 1995 release of the double-album compilation "Free to Fight".

paragraph: "Free To Fight" was a multi media project incorporating both recordings by artists such as Lois Maffeo, Excuse 17, Heavens to Betsy, Fifth Column, and Bleyle's own band Team Dresch, as well as a seventy-two-page booklet featuring writers and artists such as bell hooks, Bridget Irish, and Roberta Gregory. The recording and booklet featured self-defense instructions for women, and Team Dresch toured with instructor Alice Stagg, who demonstrated defensive tactics onstage before the band performed. Jody Bleyle was interviewed for the film "She's Real, Worse Than Queer" by Lucy Thane, in which she speaks about her record label and in particular, the "Free To Fight" project. This recording was later followed by a "Free To Fight" split single by the bands Sleater-Kinney and Cypher in the Snow.

paragraph: In the late 1990s Team Dresch broke up after releasing a number of singles and another LP, "Captain, My Captain". After the breakup, Bleyle joined with Tamala Poljak of Longstocking and Whitney Skillcorn of The Little Deaths to form the band Infinite Xs. In 2002, the group released a recording on Chainsaw Records. Also in the early 2000s, Bleyle began performing with her brother in the group Family Outing. The band played at the "Homo-A-GoGo" festival in Olympia, Washington in 2002.

paragraph: In 2004 and 2005, Bleyle recorded and toured with Amy Ray for her second solo release, "Prom", playing bass. Bleyle didn't play the third leg of the tour because her partner, actress Nina Landey, was pregnant. Their first son Twylo was born in July 2005 and their second son, Lucian, in 2007.

paragraph: In 2004, the group Lesbians on Ecstasy released their first album, "Lesbians on Ecstasy" featuring a revamped version of the Team Dresch song "Screwing Yer Courage", retitled "Summer Luv"; Jody Bleyle remixed this version for the follow-up Lesbians on Ecstasy album entitled "Giggles in the Dark", released in 2005.

paragraph: In the summer of 2004, Team Dresch reunited for a concert at the biannual "Homo-A-Go-Go" festival. Afterwards, the band members decided to reunite for a series of concerts and Team Dresch has been touring and recording again since then.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Candy Ass Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Free To Fight"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team Dresch

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sinker, Daniel, "We Owe You Nothing: Punk Planet: The Collected interviews", Akashic Books, NY, NY, , 2001

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family Outing webpage

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Jody Bleyle

wikipedia_title: Jody Bleyle


text:
Irish nationalist
Belfast
Royal Belfast Academical Institution
Queen's University
Presbyterian Church
Moderator
The Northern Whig
Belfast
Manchester
Paul Henry
Jerome K. Jerome
Daily News
News Chronicle
J. B. Priestley
Hugh Walpole
James Joyce
James Stephens
Anna Livia Plurabelle
New Statesman
Kingsley Martin
James Bridie
Third Home Rule Bill
Irish
Gaelic League
Sinn Féin
Sylvia Dryhurst
Isaiah Berlin
Tim Wheeler
Hampstead
Belfast City Cemetery
Ladbroke Black
"Irish and English"
"Home Life in Ireland"
"Rambles in Ireland"
"The Book of This and That"
"If the Germans Conquered England"
"Old and New Masters"
"Ireland a Nation"
"The Art of Letters"
"The Passion of Labour"
New Statesman
"The Pleasures of Ignorance"
"Solomon in All His Glory"
"The Sporting Life and Other Trifles"
"Books and Authors"
Sean McMahon
List of writers of Northern Ireland
List of Irish writers
About the Blue Plaque
Contemporary Review article

categories: Irish socialists,Protestant Irish nationalists,Irish essayists,1949 deaths,Writers from Belfast,1879 births,Irish Presbyterians

paragraph: Robert Wilson Lynd

paragraph: Robert Wilson Lynd ("Irish: Roibéard Ó Floinn"; 20 April 1879 – 6 October 1949) was an Anglo-Irish writer, editor of poetry, urbane literary essayist and strong Irish nationalist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born in Belfast to Robert John Lynd, a Presbyterian minister, and Sarah Rentoul Lynd, the second of seven children. Lynd's paternal great-grandfather emigrated from Scotland to Ireland.

paragraph: Lynd was educated at Royal Belfast Academical Institution, studying at Queen's University. His father served a term as Presbyterian Church Moderator but he was just one of a long line of Presbyterian clergy in the family. A 2003 essayist on Lynd recounts that his "maternal grandfather, great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather had all been Presbyterian clergymen."

paragraph: Section::::Literary career.

paragraph: He began as a journalist on "The Northern Whig" in Belfast. He moved to London in 1901, via Manchester, sharing accommodation with his friend the artist Paul Henry. Firstly he wrote drama criticism, for "Today", edited by Jerome K. Jerome. He also wrote for the "Daily News" (later the "News Chronicle"), being its literary editor 1912–47.

paragraph: The Lynds were literary hosts, in the group including J. B. Priestley. They were on good terms also with Hugh Walpole. Priestley, Walpole and Sylvia Lynd were founding committee members of the Book Society. Irish guests included James Joyce and James Stephens. On one occasion reported by Victor Gollancz in Reminiscences of Affection, p. 90, Joyce intoned "Anna Livia Plurabelle" to his own piano accompaniment.

paragraph: He used the pseudonym Y.Y. (Ys, or "wise") in writing for the "New Statesman". According to C. H. Rolph's "Kingsley" (1973), Lynd's weekly essay, which ran from 1913 to 1945, was "irreplaceable". In 1941, editor Kingsley Martin decided to alternate it with pieces by James Bridie on Ireland, but the experiment was not at all a success.

paragraph: Section::::Political activism.

paragraph: Lynd's political views were radicalised by his experience of how Ulster and Home Rule developed in the 1912–14 period. He was appalled at the threat of the use of violence to deliver Ulster from Home Rule and the later decision to postpone the implementation of the Third Home Rule Bill. He later wrote: "Then came August 1914 and England began a war for the freedom of small nations by postponing the freedom of the only small nation in Europe which it was within her power to liberate with the stroke of a pen."

paragraph: He became a fluent Irish speaker, and Gaelic League member. As a Sinn Féin activist, he used the name Robiard Ó Flionn/Roibeard Ua Flionn.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and death.

paragraph: He married the writer Sylvia Dryhurst on 21 April 1909. They met at Gaelic League meetings in London. Their daughters Máire and Sigle became close friends of Isaiah Berlin. Sigle's son, born in 1941, is artist Tim Wheeler.

paragraph: In March 1924, Robert and Sylvia moved to what was to be their long-term married home, the elegant Regency house of 5 Keats Grove in the leafy suburb of Hampstead, north-west London. The house had been lived in by various members of Sylvia's (Dryhurst) family.

paragraph: James Joyce and his wife Nora Barnacle held their wedding lunch at the Lynds’ house after getting married at Hampstead Town Hall on 4 July 1931.

paragraph: Lynd died in Hampstead in 1949. He is buried in Belfast City Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mantle Of The Emperor" (1906) with Ladbroke Black

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irish and English" (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Home Life in Ireland" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rambles in Ireland" (1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Book of This and That" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "If the Germans Conquered England" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Old and New Masters" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ireland a Nation" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Art of Letters" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Passion of Labour" (1920) New Statesman articles

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pleasures of Ignorance" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Solomon in All His Glory" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sporting Life and Other Trifles" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Books and Authors" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blue Lion" (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selected Essays" (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Peal of Bells" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Money Box" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Orange Tree" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Little Angel" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dr. Johnson and Company" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Goldfish" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Silver Books of English Sonnets" (1927), editor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Green Man" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's a Fine World" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rain, Rain, go to Spain" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Great Love Stories of All Nations" (1932), editor

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Y.Y." An Anthology of Essays" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cockleshell" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Both Sides of the Road" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Tremble to Think" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Defence of Pink" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Searchlights and Nightingales" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Anthology of Modern Poetry" (1939), editor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life's Little Oddities" (1941), illustrated by Steven Spurrier

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Further Essays of Robert Lynd" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Things One Hears" (1945), illustrated by Claire Oldham

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Essays on Life and Literature" (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Books and Writers" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Essays by Robert Lynd" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Galway of the Races – Selected essays" (1990), edited by Sean McMahon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Without Glasses — abridged"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of writers of Northern Ireland

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Irish writers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- About the Blue Plaque, ulsterhistory.co.uk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contemporary Review article, findarticles.com

description: Irish writer

enwikiquote_title: Robert Wilson Lynd

wikidata_label: Robert Wilson Lynd

wikipedia_title: Robert Wilson Lynd


text:
Greek
Indo-Scythian
Indo-Greek
Sakas
Scythians
Eastern Iranian people
Manusmriti
Ramayana
Mahabharata
Mahabharata
Pahlavas
Parthians
Yona
Ionians
Sakastan
Phraates II
Indo-Scythians
Mithridates II of Parthias
Persian
Moga inscription
Salt Range
Taxila
Punjab
Gandharas
Pushkalavati
Indo-Greek Kingdoms
Archebius
Apollodotus II
Mathura
Gilgit
Chilas
Dani
Artemidoros
Buddha
Buddhism
Mauryan
Ashoka
Menander II
Buddhism
Shiva
Yuezhi
Ahir clans
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Indo-Parthian Kingdom
Kushan Empire
Kambojas
Kamuia
Aiyasi Kamuia
Kharaosta Kamuio
Arta (Kamuia)
Coins of Maues
Other coins of Maues
Online catalogue of Maues coins

categories: Buddhism in Afghanistan,Indo-Scythian kings,1st-century BC rulers in Asia,Buddhism in Pakistan

paragraph: Maues

paragraph: Maues (Greek: ; epigraphically ΜΑΥΟΥ "Mauou"; r. 85–60 BCE) was the first recorded Indo-Scythian king. He invaded India and established Saka hegemony by conquering Indo-Greek territories.

paragraph: Section::::Sakas.

paragraph: The Sakas or Scythians, were nomadic Eastern Iranian people.

paragraph: Sanskrit texts including the Manusmriti (X,44), Ramayana and Mahabharata mention the Sakas. The Mahabharata (II.32.17) situated the Sakas along with the Pahlavas (Parthians) and Yona (Ionians) in the north-west.

paragraph: The Sakas from Sakastan defeated and killed the Parthian king Phraates II in 126 B.C. Indo-Scythians established themselves in the Indus around 88 B.C., during the end of Mithridates II of Parthias reign. The Sakas and Pahlavas became closely associated during the Saka migration. This can be demonstrated from various sources, such as the adoption of names and titles. Maues took the title of "Great King of Kings", an exceeded version of a traditional Persian royal title.

paragraph: Section::::Maues Campaigns.

paragraph: Maues is the first recorded ruler of the Sakas in the Indus. He is first mentioned in the Moga inscription:

paragraph: Mauses is possibly mentioned the Maira inscription in the Salt Range in Pakistan as 'Moasa'.

paragraph: Maues vastly expanded his domain by conquering key cities along the Indus. This included seizing Taxila in Punjab, and Gandharas capital city Pushkalavati from the Indo-Greek Kingdoms. Maues has overstruck coins belonging to Archebius as well as Apollodotus II in Taxila.

paragraph: The Sakas extend their power up to Mathura during his reign.

paragraph: Section::::Maues Campaigns.:Route of the Invasions.

paragraph: When precisely and under what circumstances Maues arrived in India is uncertain, but the expulsion of the Scythian (Saka/Sai) peoples from Central Asia is referred to in the Han Shu, where the cause given is their confrontation with the Ta Yüeh-chih, themselves undergoing an enforced migration. It is stated that “when the Ta Yüeh-chih turned west, defeated and expelled the king of the Sai, the latter moved south and crossed over the Suspended Crossing.” That this route (from the Pamirs into the Gilgit valley) was used in Maues’ time is confirmed by the discovery of inscriptions in the Chilas/Gilgit area bearing his name (Dani, 1983 and 1995, pp. 52, 55).

paragraph: Section::::Coins.

paragraph: Maues issued joint coins mentioning a queen Machene ("ΜΑΧΗΝΗ"). Machene may have been a daughter of one of the Indo-Greek houses.

paragraph: An Indo-Greek king, Artemidoros, also issued coins where he describes himself as "Son of Maues".

paragraph: Section::::Coins.:Buddhist Coins.

paragraph: A few of the coins of Maues, struck according to the Indian square standard, seemingly depict a King in a cross-legged seated position. This may represent Maues himself, or possibly one of his divinities. It has been suggested that this might also be one of the first representations of the Buddha on a coin, in an area where Buddhism was flourishing at the time, but the seated personage seems to hold a sword horizontally, which favors the hypotheses of the depiction of the king Maues himself.

paragraph: Also, Maues struck some coins incorporating Buddhist symbolism, such as the lion, symbol of Buddhism since the time of the Mauryan king Ashoka.

paragraph: The symbolism of the lion had also been adopted by the Buddhist Indo-Greek king Menander II. Maues therefore probably supported Buddhism, although whether sincerely or for political motives is unclear. His coins also included a variety of other religious symbols such as the bull of Shiva, indicating wide religious tolerance.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yuezhi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahir clans

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indo-Greek Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indo-Parthian Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kushan Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kambojas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kamuia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aiyasi Kamuia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kharaosta Kamuio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arta (Kamuia)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shape of Ancient Thought. Comparative studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies" by Thomas McEvilley (Allworth Press and the School of Visual Arts, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Greeks in Bactria and India", W.W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crossroads of Asia. Transformation in image and symbol"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Maues

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other coins of Maues

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online catalogue of Maues coins

description: Indo-Schythian king

wikidata_label: Maues

wikipedia_title: Maues


text:
royal mistress
John I of Denmark
maid of honor
Christina of Saxony
Stockholm
Abrahamstrup
Jægerspris
Vordingborg

categories: Mistresses of Danish royalty,16th-century Danish women,1512 deaths,Year of birth unknown,Danish ladies-in-waiting,16th-century Danish people

paragraph: Edele Jernskjæg

paragraph: Edele Jernskjæg (died 1512) was a Danish noble, courtier and the royal mistress of King John I of Denmark.

paragraph: Daughter of the poor noble Mikkel Andersen Jernskjæg and Margrethe Andersdatter af Særslev, she was made maid of honor of the queen, Christina of Saxony, in 1496. She followed the queen to Stockholm in 1499, where her affair with the king drew attention. In Sweden, it was noticed that she used the king's personal sleigh, and the political opposition used the relationship between her and the king in their criticism against John's rule.

paragraph: In 1501, she returned to Denmark with the king, while the queen stayed behind. The monarch married her to the noble Torben Bille, who was made the master of the Abrahamstrup (Jægerspris) and Vordingborg. The relationship between Edel and king John continued after her marriage, and the monarch visited her regularly at Vordingborg until her death in 1512, shortly before his. She was described as a humorous beauty.

description: Danish noble

wikidata_label: Edele Jernskjæg

wikipedia_title: Edele Jernskjæg


text: English peer

text: Charles Howard, 20th Earl of Suffolk

text: Winchester College

text: Charles Howard, 20th Earl of Suffolk

text: Chicago

text: Anita Fugelsang

text: heir apparent

text: Alexander Hood, 4th Viscount Bridport

text: Charlton Park, Wiltshire

text: Earl of Berkshire

text: Michael Howard, 21st Earl of Suffolk

text: genealogics.com

categories: People from Wiltshire,Earls of Berkshire (1626),1935 births,Howard family (English aristocracy),Earls of Suffolk (1603),Living people,People educated at Winchester College

paragraph: Michael Howard, 21st Earl of Suffolk

paragraph: Michael John James George Robert Howard, 21st Earl of Suffolk (born 27 March 1935), styled Viscount Andover until 1941, is an English peer. He succeeded his father, Charles Howard, 20th Earl of Suffolk, in 1941, when the latter was killed by a bomb he was attempting to defuse. Howard attended Winchester College but left after a year.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Suffolk was born on 27 March 1935 to Charles Howard, 20th Earl of Suffolk, and Chicago-born ballet dancer Mimi Forde Pigott.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Suffolk has been married three times:

paragraph: He married, firstly, on 1 October 1960, Simone Litman, by whom he had one daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Lucinda Howard (26 March 1961 – 21 December 1962)

paragraph: On 22 September 1973, Suffolk married Anita Fugelsang (who later married Charles Stanhope, 12th Earl of Harrington), with whom he has two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Charles Michael Winston Robsahm Howard, Viscount Andover (b. 17 September 1974), the heir apparent; married to Victoria ("née" Hamilton)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Honorable Eloise Victoria Rose Mimi Howard (b. 1 May 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Honorable Arthur Charles Alexander Howard (b. 17 July 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Katherine Emma Frances Robsahm Howard (b. 1976)

paragraph: On 15 December 1983, Suffolk married the former Linda Jacqueline Paravicini (married, firstly, Alexander Hood, 4th Viscount Bridport), with whom he has two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Philippa Mimi Jacqueline Henrietta Howard (b. 1985) married Archie Lord in 2017. They have one daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ottilie Winifred Lord (16 November 2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Natasha Rose Catherine Linda Howard (b. 1987)

paragraph: He lives at Charlton Park, Wiltshire. He is also Earl of Berkshire, but signs in the name of 'Suffolk', his most senior title. The Howards like their Earl of Arundel and Duke of Norfolk kinsmen were recusants traditionally, adherents to the Catholic Church.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Howard, 21st Earl of Suffolk

paragraph: BULLET::::- genealogics.com

description: British Earl

wikidata_label: Michael Howard, 21st Earl of Suffolk

wikipedia_title: Michael Howard, 21st Earl of Suffolk


text: lady-in-waiting

text: riksråd

text: riksråd

text: Southern Jutland

text: head lady-in-waiting

text: Christina of Saxony

text: Isabella of Austria

text: Højstrup

text: Dyveke Sigbritsdatter

text: Sigbrit Willoms

text: Christian II of Denmark

text: Lübeck

text: Sophie of Pomerania

text: Count's Feud

text: Christopher of Oldenburg

text: Ringsted

text: Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon

categories: 16th-century Danish women,Danish murder victims,1535 deaths,1475 births,Danish ladies-in-waiting,16th-century Danish people,Danish nobility,Lynching deaths,People murdered in Denmark

paragraph: Anne Meinstrup

paragraph: Anne Meinstrup (1475–1535) was a politically active Danish noblewoman, lady-in-waiting and county administrator.

paragraph: Daughter of noble riksråd Henrik Meinstrup (d.1496) and Margrethe Christiansdatter Daa (d. 1497), she was married to nobleriksråd Holger Eriksen Rosenkrantz til Boller (d. 1496) in 1491 and the noble Jørgen Ahlefeldt til Søgaard in Southern Jutland, (d. 1500) in 1497. She was made head lady-in-waiting of first Christina of Saxony in 1503 and in 1516 of the next queen Isabella of Austria. In 1507–17, she was county administrator of Højstrup. In 1517, after the death of Dyveke Sigbritsdatter, she was replaced as chief lady in waiting to the queen by Sigbrit Willoms, mother of Dyveke. She criticized the relationship between king Christian II of Denmark and Dyveke, and lived in exile in Lübeck in 1517–23. In 1526–33, she was again the first lady-in-waiting of the queen, this time to Sophie of Pomerania.

paragraph: She was an influential person in Denmark. In 1511, she was rumoured to have an affair with a court noble. During the Count's Feud 1534–36, she was an ally of Count Christopher of Oldenburg, who granted her the county of Højstrup and Sæbygaard i Løve Herred (1534). Her son, however, belonged to the opposite side. At the public council of Ringsted Landsting 20 January 1535, she was summoned as one of the delegates by the count. After a sharp speech, she was lynched by the Count's soldiers.

paragraph: During the war, her murder was frequently used in the propaganda. At the amnesty in Copenhagen of 1536, her murderers were excluded from the amnesty and executed.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dansk biografisk Lexikon / XI. Bind. Maar - Müllner (in Danish)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon (in Danish)

description: Danish noble

wikidata_label: Anne Meinstrup

wikipedia_title: Anne Meinstrup


text:
American football
running back
New York Jets
National Football League
college football
Michigan State
Pittsburgh Steelers
2013 NFL Draft
Pro Bowl
NFL Top 100
franchise tag
2018 season
Groveport Madison High School
Groveport, Ohio
football
basketball
track & field
high jump
ESPN.com
Bowling Green
Marshall
Eastern Michigan
Ohio State
Mark Dantonio
Michigan State
Michigan State University
Michigan State Spartans football
ESPN.com
Rivals.com
Iowa Hawkeyes
Minnesota Golden Gophers
Georgia
2012 Outback Bowl
Eastern Michigan
College Football News
Phil Steele
2013 NFL Draft
Bucky Brooks
NFL Combine
Dion Sims
William Gholston
Johnny Adams
Mike Tomlin
Pittsburgh Steelers
2013 NFL Draft
Giovani Bernard
Isaac Redman
Washington Redskins
Wembley Stadium
London
Minnesota Vikings
Baltimore Ravens
Green Bay Packers
Cleveland Browns
Franco Harris
Cleveland Browns
LeGarrette Blount
Carolina Panthers
Houston Texans
Tennessee Titans
New Orleans Saints
Cincinnati Bengals
Walter Payton
Reggie Nelson
Baltimore Ravens
Ben Tate
DeMarco Murray
yards per carry
NFL Top 100 Players of 2015
LeGarrette Blount
St. Louis Rams
Baltimore Ravens
San Diego Chargers
Arizona Cardinals
MCL
Cincinnati Bengals
Vontaze Burfict
NFL Network
Jason La Canfora
NFL Top 100 Players of 2016
Twitter
NFL Player's Association
Kansas City Chiefs
New England Patriots
Dallas Cowboys
Cleveland Browns
Buffalo Bills
Willie Parker
NFL Top 100 Players of 2017
Miami Dolphins
franchise tag
Kansas City Chiefs
NFL Top 100 Players of 2017
franchise tag
Chicago Bears
Baltimore Ravens
Kansas City Chiefs
Green Bay Packers
Monday Night Football
Cincinnati Bengals
NFL Top 100 Players of 2018
2016
Jacksonville Jaguars
2018 NFL season
New York Jets
Phil Simms
LeGarrette Blount
PETA
SoundCloud
Michigan State Spartans bio
Pittsburgh Steelers bio

categories: People from Reynoldsburg, Ohio,African-American players of American football,Pittsburgh Steelers players,Players of American football from Ohio,1992 births,New York Jets players,American football running backs,Living people,Michigan State Spartans football players,American Conference Pro Bowl players

paragraph: Le'Veon Bell

paragraph: Le'Veon Andrew Bell Sr. ( ; born February 18, 1992) is an American football running back for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Michigan State, and was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the second round of the 2013 NFL Draft.

paragraph: After a decent rookie season where he ran for over 800 yards, Bell broke out in his second season with the Steelers, totaling over 2,200 combined yards and made the Pro Bowl. Bell missed several games in the 2015 and 2016 seasons due to drug-related suspensions and injuries, but still put up solid numbers and was voted to the NFL Top 100 both times. In 2017, he had a league-high 321 carries for 1,291 yards, as well as 85 catches for 655 yards, and made the third Pro Bowl of his career. The next year, Bell refused to sign the franchise tag placed upon him by Pittsburgh, resulting in him sitting out the entire 2018 season. He signed with the Jets the following off-season.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Bell attended Groveport Madison High School in Groveport, Ohio, where he played football, basketball, and ran track. He played running back for the Groveport Cruisers football team. As a sophomore, Bell ran for 789 rushing yards and nine touchdowns. As a junior, Bell ran for 1,100 rushing yards and 13 touchdowns, and as a senior, Bell ran for 1,333 yards on 200 carries with 21 touchdowns. He was selected first-team All-Ohio Capital Conference Ohio Division as a senior. In basketball, Bell earned second-team All-OCC Ohio Division honors as a junior. He also participated in track & field while at Groveport, where he ran the 100 and 200-meter dashes and was one of the state's top performers in the high jump (personal-best of 6 feet and 8 inches or 2.03 meters).

paragraph: Considered a two-star recruit by ESPN.com, Bell was listed as the No. 211 running back in the nation in 2010. Although he was a 3-year starter in high school, Bell had limited scholarship offers from Bowling Green, Marshall, and Eastern Michigan, but he hoped to attend Ohio State. Bell's high school principal, Donis Toler Jr., believed he was under-recruited and reached out to Michigan State's head coach Mark Dantonio. Although Dantonio had heard of Bell, they had never scouted him personally or had thought of offering him a scholarship. With football season over, Dantonio sent his running back's coach to scout Bell at his high school basketball game. After he finished his senior football season, he finally received a scholarship offer from Michigan State after a number of players got into trouble and Michigan State had open scholarships available with a need at running back. In 2010, he graduated from high school early and began attending Michigan State that spring semester.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Bell enrolled in Michigan State University, where he played for the Michigan State Spartans football team from 2010 to 2012.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Freshman season.

paragraph: As a freshman in 2010, he appeared in 13 games, rushing for 605 yards on 107 carries with eight rushing touchdowns. He also added 97 yards on 11 receptions and returned six kickoffs for 142 yards. In total, he had 844 all-purpose yards. He received All Big-Ten Freshman honors from ESPN.com and Rivals.com.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Sophomore season.

paragraph: As a sophomore in 2011, Bell led the Spartans in rushing with 948 yards on 182 carries and 13 touchdowns. Against the Iowa Hawkeyes, he had 161 yards of total offense and a rushing touchdown. Against the Minnesota Golden Gophers, he had 165 all-purpose yards (96 rushing, 38 receiving, and 31 kickoff return yards) and two total touchdowns in the game. Against #18 Georgia in the 2012 Outback Bowl, Bell rushed for 48 yards on 17 carries with two touchdowns and had five receptions for 39 yards in Michigan State's 33–30 victory.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Junior season.

paragraph: Against Eastern Michigan in 2012, Bell ran for a career-high 253 yards while also claiming the Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week Award. He finished the season with 1,793 rushing yards, which was the second most in the Big Ten Conference. He was voted to the First Team All-Big Ten by the coaches and media, ESPN.com, "College Football News", and Phil Steele.

paragraph: After his junior season in 2012, Bell decided to forego his senior season and entered the 2013 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Coming out of Michigan State, Bell was projected by the majority of analysts to be a second or third round selection. He was ranked as the fifth best running back by NFLDraftScout.com and ranked the best overall running back by NFL analyst Bucky Brooks. He received an invitation to the NFL Combine and participated in all workouts and positional drills.

paragraph: Bell was satisfied with his combine performance and only performed positional drills at Michigan State's Pro Day. Bell, Dion Sims, William Gholston, Johnny Adams, and five other Michigan State prospects worked out in front of scouts and representatives from 29 NFL teams. The only head coach that attended was Pittsburgh Steelers' head coach Mike Tomlin. Scouts considered Bell a big bruising back with quick feet and lower body strength and also gave him positive reviews for his ability to run north-south, for his strong cuts, and nice bursts through holes. The only negative reviews were based on his limited ball-carrier vision, inconsistent blocking, and his height that would possibly affect his speed and ability to dodge tacklers.

paragraph: The Pittsburgh Steelers selected Bell in the second round (48th overall) of the 2013 NFL Draft. He was the second running back to be selected that year, only behind Giovani Bernard (37th overall, Bengals).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.:2013 season: Rookie year.

paragraph: On June 3, 2013, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed Bell to a four-year, $4.12 million rookie contract that included $2.27 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $1.37 million.

paragraph: Bell entered training camp competing with veteran Isaac Redman for the Steelers' starting running back position. In his second preseason game against the Washington Redskins, Bell was tackled on a running play and suffered a mid-foot sprain. His injury did not require surgery, but forced him to miss the first three weeks of the regular season.

paragraph: On September 29, 2013, Bell appeared in his first NFL game at Wembley Stadium in London and rushed for 57 yards on 16 carries and a season-high two rushing touchdowns while also catching four receptions for 27 yards against the Minnesota Vikings. His first NFL touchdown came on an eight-yard run in the first quarter of the game and the Steelers lost, 34–27, in his first NFL start. The Steelers chose to release Isaac Redman on October 21, 2013. On November 28, 2013, Bell had 16 carries for 73 yards and ran for a season-long 43-yard touchdown, while also racking up a season-high seven catches for 63-yards during a 22–20 road loss to the Baltimore Ravens. During a Week 16 road matchup against the Green Bay Packers, Bell had a season-high 26 carries for 124 yards and a rushing touchdown. On December 29, 2013, in a game against division rival Cleveland Browns, Bell was able to break Steeler's legend Franco Harris's rookie record for total yards from scrimmage with a total of 1,259 yards.

paragraph: Bell finished his rookie season with 244 carries, 860 rushing yards, and eight rushing touchdowns. He also had 45 receptions for 399 yards and started the last 13 games of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.:2014 season.

paragraph: Bell began his second season as a starter in the season opener against the Cleveland Browns and finished the game with 21 carries, 109 rushing yards, a rushing touchdown, and six receptions for 88 yards in a 30–27 home victory. On September 21, 2014, Bell and LeGarrette Blount both rushed for over 100 yards each against the Carolina Panthers. He finished the 37–19 road victory with 21 carries for 147 rushing yards. On October 20, 2014, Bell had eight catches for 88 yards and made his first NFL receiving touchdown in a 30–23 victory over the Houston Texans. Bell became the first running back in Steelers' history to have seven consecutive games with 100 yards from scrimmage. Bell had his best game of the season, statistically, against the Tennessee Titans on November 17, 2014, gaining 204 rushing yards on a season-high 33 carries and a rushing touchdown.

paragraph: On November 30, 2014, Bell had a season-high eight receptions for 159 receiving yards while also accounting for 21 carries, 95 rushing yards, and a rushing touchdown in a 35–32 loss to the New Orleans Saints. The next game, he carried the ball 26 times for 185 yards and made six catches for 50 yards while also scoring three total touchdowns in a 42–21 win over the Cincinnati Bengals. He earned AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors for his effort against the Saints. Bell tied Walter Payton for most consecutive games with 200 or more yards from scrimmage with three after his performance against the Bengals. On December 29, Bell was injured against the Bengals as he hyperextended his knee when being tackled by safety Reggie Nelson. Bell did not play against the Baltimore Ravens in the of the 2014 playoffs, so the Steelers signed veteran and former Cleveland Browns' running back Ben Tate.

paragraph: Bell broke out in the 2014 season, going from rookie to All-Pro, finishing second in rushing yards, yards from scrimmage, and all-purpose yards to Cowboys running back DeMarco Murray. He led all running backs in receiving yards and yards per reception. He finished the season averaging 4.7 rushing yards per carry (YPC), up from 3.5 YPC in 2013. Bell finished his first complete regular season with a career-high 290 carries, 1,361 rushing yards, 8 rushing touchdowns, 83 receptions, 854 receiving yards, and 3 receiving touchdowns. He was named to the Pro Bowl and was ranked 16th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.:2015 season.

paragraph: After being arrested with then-teammate LeGarrette Blount on DUI and marijuana possession charges in August 2014, Bell was suspended by the NFL for the first four games of the 2015 regular season. On April 9, 2015, it was reported that the suspension was reduced to three games. On July 28, 2015, Bell's suspension was reduced from three games to two following a successful appeal.

paragraph: Bell made his 2015 debut against the St. Louis Rams in Week 3 on September 27, 2015. He finished the game with 19 carries for 62 yards and scored his first rushing touchdown of the season, while also accounting for seven catches for 70 receiving yards. The following week, he had 22 rushing attempts for a season-high 129-yards and a touchdown in a 23–20 loss to the Baltimore Ravens. On October 12, 2015, Bell had 21 rushes for 111 yards and scored a last-second game-winning touchdown run out of the wildcat formation, helping the Steelers defeat the San Diego Chargers by a score of 24–20. During a Week 6 matchup with the Arizona Cardinals, Bell rushed a season-high 24 times and finished the game with 88 rushing yards.

paragraph: On November 1, 2015, Bell suffered a season-ending torn MCL during the second quarter against the Cincinnati Bengals, after taking a tackle from linebacker Vontaze Burfict. The following day, the Steelers placed him on injured reserve, effectively ending his season. Bell finished the 2015 season with a total of 113 rushing attempts for 556 rushing yards and three touchdowns and 24 receptions for 136 receiving yards in six games and six starts.

paragraph: On November 6, 2015, it was reported by NFL Network analyst Jason La Canfora that Bell had undergone surgery to repair damage to the MCL/PCL. He was able to return in time for the 2016 off-season. Despite the injury, he was ranked 41st by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.:2016 season.

paragraph: On August 19, 2016, Bell was officially suspended for the first three games of the 2016 regular season for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy. He stated in an apology on Twitter, that the suspension was due to a missed random drug test in December. The original suspension was four games, but was reduced to three on appeal and as a part of a settlement between the league and the NFL Player's Association.

paragraph: Bell played in his first game of the season on October 2, 2016, and had 18 carries, 144 rushing yards, five catches, and 34 receiving yards in a 43–14 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs. In a Week 7 matchup against the New England Patriots, Bell caught a career-high 10 passes for 68 receiving yards and had 21 carries for 81 rushing yards in a 27–16 loss. On November 13, 2016, Bell carried the ball 17 times for 57 yards and scored his first rushing touchdown of the season during a 30–35 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. He also accounted for nine receptions for 77 receiving yards and caught his first receiving touchdown of the season. The next game, he had 28 carries for 146 yards and a touchdown during a 24–9 victory over the Cleveland Browns.

paragraph: On December 11, 2016, against the Buffalo Bills, Bell broke the Steelers franchise record for rushing yards in a game with 236 rushing yards on a career-high 38 carries while scoring three touchdowns. The previous record was set by Willie Parker when he rushed for 223 yards in 2006. Bell was named as the AFC Offensive Player of the Week for his performance in Week 14. He was named to his second Pro Bowl on December 20, 2016. Bell finished the 2016 regular season with 261 carries for 1,268 rushing yards and seven touchdowns, while also making 75 catches for 616 receiving yards and two touchdowns in 12 games and 12 starts. He also had a career-high four fumbles and lost only one. Despite missing 4 of 16 games, he finished 3rd in the NFL (and 95th all-time) with 1,884 yards from scrimmage. He was also ranked ninth by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017.

paragraph: On January 8, 2017, Bell started in his first NFL playoff game and finished with 29 carries for a playoff franchise-record 167 rushing yards and two touchdowns in a 30–12 defeat of the Miami Dolphins in the AFC . His first career playoff touchdown came on a one-yard run in the second quarter and he also caught two passes for seven yards. After the game, it was reported that the Pittsburgh Steelers will use their franchise tag on Bell while attempting to reach an agreement on a long-term contract. The next week, he broke his own team record with 170 rushing yards on 30 carries in an 18–16 win over the Kansas City Chiefs in the . As the first NFL player to rush over 150 yards in his first two playoff games, he set a record for most rushing yards in the first two playoff games, became one of four players to ever rush for 150+ yards in back to back playoff games, and one of three players with two 160+ yard playoff games in a career. However, he suffered a groin injury late in the game, which grew unmanageable during the loss to the New England Patriots, and he was forced to leave in the second quarter. He was ranked #9 by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.:2017 season.

paragraph: On February 27, 2017, the Steelers placed the franchise tag on Bell. On September 24, 2017, Bell had six receptions for 37 receiving yards, 15 carries for 61 rushing yards, and scored his first touchdown of the season on a one-yard run as the Steelers lost to the Chicago Bears by a score of 23–17. The following week, he had a season-high 35 carries for 144 rushing yards and two touchdowns during the Pittsburgh Steelers 26–9 victory over the Baltimore Ravens. In Week 6, Bell rushed for 179 yards in a 19–13 win over the Kansas City Chiefs, earning him AFC Offensive Player of the Week. In Week 12, against the Green Bay Packers was even more productive, with 95 rushing yards and 88 receiving yards on a season-high 12 receptions. During Monday Night Football against the Cincinnati Bengals in Week 13, Bell provided 182 total yards of offense, with 106 receiving yards, 76 rushing yards, and a touchdown as the Steelers won 23–20. On December 19, 2017, Bell was named to his third Pro Bowl. In addition, he was named as a First Team All-Pro for the second time in his career. The Steelers had locked a second round bye for the playoffs after going 13–3 in the regular season. Overall, he finished the 2017 season with a league-high 321 carries for 1,291 rushing yards and nine rushing touchdowns to go along with 85 receptions for 655 yards and two receiving touchdowns. He was ranked fifth by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.

paragraph: On January 11, 2018, Bell said that if the Steelers franchise tagged him again, he would definitely consider sitting out for the year or retiring from the NFL. In 2016, Bell reportedly turned down a two-year deal worth $30 million. Bell said he was not concerned about making the most money possible, but instead wanted to be paid in relation with his value to the team, reportedly saying, "I just want to be valued where I'm at" and "Just get the numbers straight, exactly where we want them. I'm not going to settle for anything. I know what I do and what I bring to the table. I'm not going out here getting the ball 400 times if I'm not getting what I feel I'm valued at." After news broke across the internet, Bell tweeted: "I’m trying to win a super bowl...I can care less about what happens after this season...my biggest thing I’m focused on is this team I’m on right now, playing for/with my brothers, & bringing back a 7th ring! what happens next year is irrelevant to my goals".

paragraph: On January 14, 2018, Bell sent a tweet before playing in the against the Jacksonville Jaguars saying "I love round 2’s...we’ll have two round 2’s in back to back weeks...", referring to their rematch against the Jaguars, along with a possible rematch against the Patriots. The Steelers ended up losing to the Jaguars in a high scoring 45–42 affair in which Bell carried the ball 16 times and gathered 67 rushing yards and a touchdown. Bell also caught nine passes for 88 yards and a receiving touchdown.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.:2018 season.

paragraph: On March 6, 2018, the Steelers placed the franchise tag on Bell for the second straight year worth $14.5 million. Bell refused to sign the franchise tag and did not attend any team activities after contract negotiations stalled on July 16.

paragraph: Bell missed the first nine regular season games, and then did not report to the Steelers prior to the NFL's November 13 deadline to sign his franchise tender, therefore making him ineligible to play in the 2018 NFL season.

paragraph: On February 20, 2019, the Steelers announced that they would not use the franchise tag on Bell, making him a free agent at the start of the new official NFL year on March 13.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Jets.

paragraph: On March 13, 2019, Bell signed a four-year, $52.5 million contract with the New York Jets with $35 million guaranteed, making him the second highest paid running back in the NFL.

paragraph: Section::::Playing style.

paragraph: Bell is known for his unconventional running style. While not the fastest runner, he is still considered elusive due to his patience in waiting for his blockers to create running lanes before suddenly accelerating for a big gain, despite coaches and analysts advising running backs to "hit a hole with authority". CBS sportscaster Phil Simms has nicknamed Bell the "Great Hesitator".

paragraph: Section::::NFL statistics.

paragraph: Section::::NFL statistics.:Postseason.

paragraph: "Source: "

paragraph: Section::::NFL statistics.:NFL records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- First NFL player to rush over 150 yards in his first two playoff games

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most rushing yards in a player's first two playoff games: 337

paragraph: Section::::NFL statistics.:NFL records.:Steelers franchise records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most rushing yards per game: 86.3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receptions by a running back: 307

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receiving yards by a running back: 2,632

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receptions by a running back in a season: 85 (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receiving yards by a running back in a season: 854 (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most scrimmage yards in a season: 2,215 (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most scrimmage yards in a season by a rookie: 1,259 (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most rushing yards in a game: 236 (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most rushing yards in a playoff game: 170 (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bell was born February 18, 1992, in Reynoldsburg, Ohio, to Lisa A. Bell. His mother and grandfather have been lifelong Pittsburgh Steelers fans. Throughout his childhood, his mother raised Bell and his siblings by herself and struggled financially. Bell has two older sisters and two younger brothers, both of whom also play football. He cites his high school principal, Donis Toler Jr., and his mother as the two people responsible for helping him achieve his success. Toler was a father figure in Bell's life and helped him get noticed by Michigan State.

paragraph: He has numerous tattoos including two scriptures. He has Jeremiah 1:5 on his left arm with a picture of his mother embracing him after Michigan State suffered a loss in the Big Ten Championship. Bell also has John 3:16 on his left arm, along with "That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life."

paragraph: On August 20, 2014, Bell was driving with his then-Steelers teammate LeGarrette Blount and Bell's girlfriend at the time, Mercedes Dollson, when he was pulled over by the police. The officer searched the car after he claimed to notice the smell of marijuana. The search yielded 20 grams of marijuana, and the three were arrested for marijuana possession. Bell was sentenced to 15 months of probation, a 60-day suspension of his driver's license, DUI education classes, and $2,400 in court costs.

paragraph: Bell is active in charity work and fundraisers. He works with PETA and posed for one of the organization's advertisements, which showed him without a shirt with a caption saying, "I choose ink, not mink... Because animals deserve better!"

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Bell, going by the stage name "Juice", started his music career with a 16-song album released via SoundCloud on March 27, 2017. On May 27, 2018 Bell released a single titled "Target" responding to critics in regards to his contract dispute with the Steelers among other things. He followed up "Target" with a four-song project titled "My Side of Things" telling his side of the story regarding his second straight contract hold out with the Steelers. On March 13, 2019, Bell released an album called "Life is a Gamble".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michigan State Spartans bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pittsburgh Steelers bio

description: American football player, running back

wikidata_label: Le'Veon Bell

wikipedia_title: Le'Veon Bell


text:
American football
safety
Carolina Panthers
National Football League
college football
Louisiana State University
All-American
San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFL Draft
Pro Bowl
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Dutchtown High School
Geismar, Louisiana
football
interceptions
U.S. Army All-American Bowl
track & field
NCAA Champion
55-meter dash
55-meter hurdles
110-meter hurdles
Louisiana State University
Les Miles
LSU Tigers football
interceptions
fumbles
All-American
Rivals.com
Associated Press
Mike Mayock
Sports Illustrated
San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFL Draft
(31st overall)
(74th overall)
Dallas Cowboys
Kenny Vaccaro
Saints
Dashon Goldson
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Craig Dahl
C. J. Spillman
Jim Harbaugh
free safety
San Francisco 49ers'
Green Bay Packers
Aaron Rodgers
Seattle Seahawks'
quarterback
Russell Wilson
concussion
Carson Palmer
Arizona Cardinals
2014 Pro Bowl
NFC West
NFC Championship
Kam Chancellor
Jimmie Ward
San Francisco 49ers'
Dallas Cowboys
Tony Romo
New Orleans Saints
New York Giants'
Eli Manning
San Diego Chargers
San Francisco Chronicle
Chris Borland
Anthony Davis
Twitter
Jim Tomsula
Seattle Seahawks
Cleveland Browns
Cincinnati Bengals'
Andy Dalton
San Francisco 49ers
Jimmie Ward
Seattle Seahawks
Carson Palmer
Arizona Cardinals
New England Patriots
bicep
Chip Kelly
Atlanta Falcons'
Kyle Shanahan
San Francisco 49ers
Robert Saleh
Jimmie Ward
Seattle Seahawks
Jaquiski Tartt
Navorro Bowman
Malcolm Smith
pectoral
Dallas Cowboys
Philadelphia Eagles
Arizona Cardinals'
Drew Stanton
Da'Norris Searcy
Carolina Panthers
David Tepper
Jerry Richardson
Marty Hurney
Ron Rivera
President Donald Trump
Colin Kaepernick
U.S. national anthem protests
Cincinnati Bengals
Mike Brown
New Orleans Saints
Justin Reid
Houston Texans
2018 NFL Draft
2016 NFL season
San Francisco 49ers bio
LSU Tigers bio

categories: Dutchtown High School (Louisiana) alumni,U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present),People from Ascension Parish, Louisiana,San Francisco 49ers players,LSU Tigers football players,Sportspeople from Baton Rouge, Louisiana,Players of American football from Louisiana,American football safeties,Carolina Panthers players,1991 births,Living people,All-American college football players

paragraph: Eric Reid

paragraph: Eric Todd Reid Jr. (born December 10, 1991) is an American football safety for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Louisiana State University (LSU), and received consensus All-American recognition. He was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the 2013 NFL Draft, with whom he made a Pro Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Reid was born to Eric Reid Sr. and Sharon Reid in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He attended Dutchtown High School in Geismar, Louisiana, where he played football, basketball, and ran track. In football, he recorded 78 tackles, nine sacks, four interceptions, and three fumble recoveries as a junior. As a senior, he received Louisiana Class 5A All-state honors after registering 45 tackles and three interceptions. He played in the 2010 U.S. Army All-American Bowl.

paragraph: Also a standout track & field athlete, Reid followed in his father's footsteps to excel in the hurdling events while at Dutchtown. His father was the 1987 NCAA Champion while at LSU. In sprints, he recorded a PR time of 6.69 seconds in the 55-meter dash at the 2009 LSU High School Indoor Classic. In the hurdling events, he placed 4th in the 55-meter hurdles at the 2009 High School Last Chance Qualifier, with a PR time of 8.00 seconds. He got a career-best time of 14.2 seconds in the 110-meter hurdles at the 2010 Dutchtown 4-way Meet, where he took gold.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Reid enrolled in Louisiana State University, where he played for coach Les Miles's LSU Tigers football team from 2010 to 2012. As a freshman in 2010, Reid played in 13 games with three starts. He finished the season with 32 tackles and two interceptions. As a first-year starter as a sophomore in 2011, Reid recorded 76 tackles, two interceptions, and two forced fumbles. He was named a second-team All-American by Rivals.com and was a second team All-SEC selection by the Associated Press.

paragraph: As a junior in 2012, he started all 13 games at safety and finished third on the team in tackles with 91 (42 unassisted), two interceptions, and seven pass breakups. He was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American, having received first-team honors from the American Football Coaches Association, Football Writers Association of America, ESPN, and Scout.com, and second-team honors from the Associated Press, Walter Camp Football Foundation, Athlon Sports, CBSsports.com, and "Sports Illustrated". He was also a first-team All-SEC selection.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Coming out of LSU, Reid was projected to be a first or second round pick by the majority of NFL draft experts and scouts. He received an invitation to the NFL combine and completed all of the required combine and positional drills. On March 27, 2013, he opted to participate at LSU's pro day, and chose to perform positional drills, the 40-yard dash (4.50), 20-yard dash (2.60), and 10-yard dash (1.54) for the scouts and team representatives in attendance. He was ranked the second best free safety in the draft by NFLDraftScout.com, the third best safety prospect by NFL analyst Mike Mayock, and was ranked the fourth best safety in the draft by "Sports Illustrated".

paragraph: The San Francisco 49ers selected Reid in the first round (18th overall) of the 2013 NFL Draft. In order to select Reid, the San Francisco 49ers traded their first (31st overall) and third round picks (74th overall) in the 2013 NFL Draft to the Dallas Cowboys. He was the second safety selected behind Kenny Vaccaro (15th overall, Saints) and was the second of six LSU players selected in the first three rounds, breaking the NFL draft record. A total of nine players from LSU were drafted in 2013, setting a new school record.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2013.

paragraph: On July 5, 2013, the San Francisco 49ers signed Reid to a fully guaranteed four-year, $8.48 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $4.54 million.

paragraph: Reid was drafted to become the starting free safety after the San Francisco 49ers had lost Dashon Goldson after he opted to sign with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers during free agency. Reid competed with veterans Craig Dahl and C. J. Spillman throughout training camp, in an effort to win the job as the starting free safety. Head coach Jim Harbaugh named him the starting free safety to start the season.

paragraph: His professional regular season debut and first career start in the San Francisco 49ers' season-opener against the Green Bay Packers and recorded seven solo tackles, a pass deflection, and intercepted a pass attempt by Aaron Rodgers during the 34-28 victory. The following week, he earned two solo tackles, defended a pass, and made his second career interception, after picking off a pass attempt by Seattle Seahawks' quarterback Russell Wilson in the 49ers' 3-29 loss. Unfortunately, he was unable to finish the game after suffering a concussion.

paragraph: In Week 6, Reid collected three combined tackles, deflected a pass, recovered a fumble, and intercepted a pass attempt by Carson Palmer and returned it 53-yards, as the San Francisco 49ers defeated the Arizona Cardinals 32-20. On December 29, 2013, he earned a season-high ten combined tackles and defended a pass during the 49ers' 23-20 victory over the Arizona Cardinals. He finished his rookie season with 77 combined tackles (62 solo), 11 pass deflections, and four interceptions in 16 games and 16 starts. Reid was voted to be an alternate for the 2014 Pro Bowl.

paragraph: The 49ers finished second in the NFC West with a 12-4 record under Jim Harbaugh in 2013. On January 5, 2014, Reid started in his first career playoff game and recorded nine combined tackles en route to a 23-20 victory over the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Wildcard game. On January 19, 2014, the 49ers played the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Championship and Reid made four combined tackles in the 23-17 loss. On January 21, 2014, it was reported that Reid would be replacing Kam Chancellor in the 2014 Pro Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2014.

paragraph: Reid competed with rookie Jimmie Ward for the starting free safety position throughout training camp. Reid was named the starting free safety to begin the season.

paragraph: Reid started the San Francisco 49ers' season-opener against the Dallas Cowboys and recorded four combined tackles, deflected a pass and intercepted a pass attempt by Tony Romo in the 28-17 victory. On November 9, 2014, he collected a season-high six combined tackles and defended a pass in the 49ers' 27-24 win over the New Orleans Saints. The next week, Reid made three solo tackles, two pass deflections and intercepted a pass attempt by New York Giants' quarterback Eli Manning during a 16-10 victory by the 49ers. On December 14, 2015, he recorded three combined tackles, defended a pass and had a 73-yard return after intercepting Russell Wilson in a 7-17 loss at the Seattle Seahawks. The following game, Reid suffered a concussion in a 35-38 overtime loss to the San Diego Chargers. He decided to sit out the following week as a precaution and stated that an additional mitigating factor in his decision was that the 49ers had missed the playoffs after finishing with an 8-8 record. Reid finished the 2014 season with an impressive total of 42 combined tackles (34 solo), seven pass deflections and three interceptions in 15 starts. Head coach Jim Harbaugh was fired by the San Francisco 49ers immediately following the end of the regular season.

paragraph: On June 9, 2015, it was reported by the San Francisco Chronicle that Reid had contemplated retirement due to concerns over concussions after having suffered three in just the first two seasons of his professional career. This stunning report of Reid's prospective early retirement was indeed distressing news to a 49ers fan base still smarting from the recent exodus of multiple players, including the surprise retirements of Chris Borland and Anthony Davis. Reid immediately denied that he had ever seriously considered retirement, stating that his comments were taken, "out of context." by reporter Eric Branch. He posted on Twitter, "The media always finds a way to twist your words...they just want you to click on their article." and further added, "Just to be clear, I NEVER SAID, "I've given some thought to leaving the NFL!"

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2015.

paragraph: Reid remained the starting free safety to begin the season under new head coach Jim Tomsula.

paragraph: On November 22, 2015, he recorded a season-high ten combined tackles in a 13-29 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. During a Week 14 contest against the Cleveland Browns, Reid tied his season-high with ten combined tackles (9 solo) in a 10-24 loss. The following week, he made four solo tackles and had his first career sack on Cincinnati Bengals' quarterback Andy Dalton, as the 49ers suffered a 14-24 loss. He finished the season with 72 combined tackles (60 solo), seven pass deflections, and a sack in 16 games and 16 starts. The San Francisco 49ers fired Jim Tomsula after the 49ers finished with a 5-11 record.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2016.

paragraph: On May 2, 2016, the San Francisco 49ers picked up Reid's fifth-year option on his rookie contract. Under the agreement, he earned $5.67 million for the season.

paragraph: With Jimmie Ward moving to cornerback, Reid became the "de facto" free safety entering the regular season. On September 25, 2016, Reid recorded a career-high 12 combined tackles in an 18-37 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. On November 13, 2016, he made five combined tackles, two reflected passes, and intercepted a pass from Carson Palmer in a 20-23 loss to the Arizona Cardinals. During a Week 11 matchup against the New England Patriots, Reid collected seven solo tackles as the 49ers lost 17-30. He was unable to finish the game after suffering a torn bicep. He had an MRI and a surgery to repair the tear the following day.

paragraph: On November 22, 2016, he was placed on injured/reserve. He finished with 62 combined tackles (48 solo), five pass deflection, and an interception in ten games and ten starts. Head coach Chip Kelly was fired after posting a dismal 2-14 record in his only season with the San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.:2017.

paragraph: On February 6, 2017, former Atlanta Falcons' offensive coordinator Kyle Shanahan was hired as the new head coach of the San Francisco 49ers. This made him Reid's fourth different head coach in five years. Defensive coordinator Robert Saleh switched cornerback Jimmie Ward back to his natural position at free safety and moved Reid to strong safety in training camp.

paragraph: On September 17, 2017, Reid recorded seven combined tackles during the 49ers' 12-9 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. He suffered a knee injury that kept him from playing in Weeks 3-5. During that span, Jaquiski Tartt flourished in Reid's strong safety role. With Tartt now the starting strong safety, Reid was moved to a hybrid safety/linebacker role after linebacker Navorro Bowman was granted a release and Malcolm Smith suffered a season-ending pectoral injury. Defensive coordinator Robert Saleh, said the move was in response to having three starting caliber safeties and getting the best 11 players on the field together. On October 22, 2017, he debuted in his new role and recorded four solo tackles in a 40-10 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. The following week, free safety Jimmie Ward suffered a fractured forearm during a 33-10 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. This prompted the San Francisco 49ers' coaching staff to move Jaquiski Tartt to Ward's free safety role and move Reid back to his strong safety position. On November 5, 2017, Reid recorded four combined tackles, deflected a pass, and intercepted a pass attempt by Arizona Cardinals' quarterback Drew Stanton, as the 49ers lost 20-10.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Carolina Panthers.:2018.

paragraph: On September 27, 2018, after placing starting safety Da'Norris Searcy on injured reserve, the Carolina Panthers signed Reid to a one-year deal. Despite a lot of speculation about new Panthers owner David Tepper's feelings and agenda in contrast to those of the prior owner Jerry Richardson, Tepper and general manager Marty Hurney insisted that the signing was purely a football decision. Reid also refused to disclose more details about the circumstances leading to the signing in a press conference later that day, citing the fact that the information pertained to his collusion lawsuit. Head coach Ron Rivera announced on October 5, 2018 that Reid would start at the free safety position in his season debut against the Giants on October 7, 2018. Reid ended up taking a knee before the game, becoming the first Panthers player ever to do so, and totaled three tackles. He finished the season starting in 13 games, recording 71 tackles, one sack, five passes defensed, and an interception.

paragraph: On February 11, 2019, Reid signed a three-year, $22 million contract extension with the Panthers.

paragraph: Section::::Protest activities and collusion grievance against the NFL.

paragraph: In October 2017, Reid filed an official grievance letter with the NFL alleging that team owners and the league, influenced by President Donald Trump, colluded to prevent his employment due to his protest activities. Reid was the second NFL player after Colin Kaepernick to participate in

paragraph: U.S. national anthem protests intended to highlight social awareness and racial injustice towards people of color. Reid's lawyers also represent Kaepernick in a similar grievance case against the NFL. Trump, who publicly condemned the kneeling protests and urged that the protesting players be fired, had private conversations with NFL owners about the player protests during the time period. Team owners have said they are concerned about being in conflict with Trump in regards to the anthem protests. During a job interview with Cincinnati Bengals owner Mike Brown, Reid reportedly refused to say whether he would obey a rule against kneeling during the anthem. In Reid's introductory press conference with the Panthers on September 27, 2018, he wore a shirt that supported Kaepernick and stated that his collusion lawsuit would still proceed unimpeded. David Tepper, the new owner of the Panthers, was not named in the lawsuit since he was not yet a team owner when it was filed. Tepper also had been quite outspoken with his remarks about President Trump in the recent past and was more open to players expressing themselves and protesting than the rest of the team owners. Nonetheless, the Panthers organization said the Reid signing was football-oriented only. When asked by reporters during the press conference about plans to protest now that he had signed with a new team, Reid did not answer the questions, and cited the fact that the information pertained to his grievance. Reid did not directly say he would no longer kneel prior to games, but instead stated he was "considering other ways" of protesting. In his season debut on October 7, 2018 at home in Charlotte against the Giants, he did in fact take a knee prior to the game.

paragraph: By the Panthers' Week 15 loss to the New Orleans Saints, Reid had been drug tested 7 times during the 2018 season, even though he had only played in 11 games; accounting for a mandatory test, the probability of such an instance happening randomly is approximately 0.17%. Reid sees this as evidence of being targeted by the league and plans on including these seven drug tests as part of his case file in the proceedings of his collusion grievance against the league.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: His brother, Justin Reid, is a safety who was picked by Houston Texans in the third round of the 2018 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Since Reid decided to protest with Colin Kaepernick in the 2016 NFL season, the two have been collaborating with each other to address social justice issues and help communities and people in need. During his introductory press conference with the Panthers on September 27, 2018, Reid said that the Players Coalition, which is seemingly devoted to addressing several issues he is focusing on, is an "NFL funded subversion group" and that he and Kaepernick would continue going their separate ways from the coalition.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Francisco 49ers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- LSU Tigers bio

description: American football player, defensive back

wikidata_label: Eric Reid

wikipedia_title: Eric Reid


text:
Song Dynasty
Yang Yanzhao
Yang Yanzhao
Yang clan warriors
Fan Zhongyan
Shaanxi
Di Qing
Guangxi
Nong Zhigao
Emperor Yingzong
forts
Shaanxi
Western Xia
Emperor Shenzong
Dingzhou
Khitans
Yang Zongbao
Mu Guiying
Toqto'a
History of Song

categories: Song dynasty generals,1074 deaths,Generals of the Yang Family characters,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Yang Wenguang

paragraph: Yang Wenguang (楊文廣) (died 1074) was a general in ancient China's Northern Song Dynasty.

paragraph: In history, Yang Wenguang was the son of Yang Yanzhao, however, he is the grandson of Yang Yanzhao in the popular fictionalized stories of Yang clan warriors.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1044, Fan Zhongyan was dispatched to the Shaanxi area and met with Yang Wenguang. He was impressed and took Yang as his subordinate. In 1052, Yang Wenguang followed Di Qing in the expedition to Guangxi and helped defeat Nong Zhigao's rebellion. Afterwards he was promoted by Emperor Yingzong. Later, he built several forts in Shaanxi and successfully resisted several Western Xia invasion attempts. During Emperor Shenzong's reign, he was stationed in Dingzhou. He offered the emperor his strategy on recovering lost territories from the Khitans shortly before he died at the frontier.

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: In fiction, Yang Wenguang is the son of Yang Zongbao and Mu Guiying.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toqto'a et al., "History of Song",

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mei Yi (梅毅), "The Unknown Generals of the Yang Family" (鮮為人知的楊家将), Nanchang: Jiangxi People's Press, 2011.

description: Song Dynasty general

wikidata_label: Yang Wenguang

wikipedia_title: Yang Wenguang


text: cardinal

text: Papal States

text: Neapolitan

text: letter

text: philosophy

text: Pontifical Roman Seminary

text: La Sapienza University

text: Romagna

text: tonsure

text: Apostolic Signatura

text: Domestic prelate of His Holiness

text: Sacred Congregation for Good Government

text: Fabric of Saint Peter's Basilica

text: Bartolomeo Pacca

text: Apostolic Chamber

text: Sacred Roman Rota

text: camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: Cardinal-Deacon

text: galero

text: San Nicola in Carcere

text: Ne quid nimis

categories: Italian cardinals,1863 deaths,1794 births,Italian Roman Catholic priests,Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni

paragraph: Pietro Marini

paragraph: Pietro Marini (5 October 1794 - 19 August 1863) was a Catholic cardinal.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Pietro Marini was born in 1794 in Rome, in what was then the Papal States. He was the son of Neapolitan architect Francesco Saverio Marini and Irene De Dominicis. Marini was baptised in the patriarchal Vatican basilica in 1794; his godfather was Cardinal Gregorio Barnaba Chiaramonti, O.S.B.Cas., the future Pope Pius VII. Marini is an ancestor of Cardinal Niccolò Marini.

paragraph: Marini studied letters and philosophy at the Pontifical Roman Seminary from 1804 to 1810; then, at "La Sapienza University", Rome, obtaining a doctorate ad honorem in utroque iure (both canon and civil law) on 24 July 1816. He also obtained the title of advocate at the Roman Curia.

paragraph: Marini served as a civil assessor of the province of the Romagna from 1817 to 1820; before being named patrician of Ravenna by the city in 1820. He received the ecclesiastical tonsure in 1821. After this he became referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signatura of Justice and of Grace on 9 September 1821. He was created Domestic prelate of His Holiness. From March 1822 he served as a relator of the Sacred Congregation for Good Government. He was also a member of the Congregation of the Fabric of Saint Peter's Basilica. He served as auditor of Cardinal Camerlengo Bartolomeo Pacca from 1823 to 1824. He was an honorary member of the literary Academy of San Luca from 1824, a voting member of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, 1824-1825, an Auditor of the Apostolic Chamber, and Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota (8 October 1826). He was appointed governor of Rome, vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and director general of police on 22 April 1845, serving until 21 December 1846.

paragraph: He was ordained to the priesthood on 27 May 1844. On 21 December 1846 he was made a Cardinal-Deacon, receiving the galero on 23 December 1846 and being given the deaconary of San Nicola in Carcere on 12 April 1847. His cardinalitial motto was "Ne quid nimis". Cardinal Marini served as apostolic legate in the province of Forlì (29 October 1847), Prefect of the economy of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda Fide and president of the Camera degli Spoglie (18 March 1852), Protector of the city of Urbino (5 June 1852), Protector of the city of Forlimpopoli (9 June 1856), Prefect of the Tribunal of the Signature of Justice (3 February 1858), Protector of the city of Fabriano (4 December 1858). He resided in the Collegio San Carlo ai Catinari.

paragraph: He died on 19 August 1863 in Rome. After lying in state in the church of San Carlo ai Catinari, the funeral took place on 24 August 1863, with Pope Pius IX participating. He is buried in his deaconry of San Nicola in Carcere.

description: Italian cardinal

wikidata_label: Pietro Marini

wikipedia_title: Pietro Marini


text:
queen consort
England
Denmark
Norway
Richard I, Duke of Normandy
Gunnora
Æthelred the Unready
Cnut the Great
Queen Consort
Edward the Confessor
Alfred Ætheling
Harthacnut
Goda of England
Gunhilda of Denmark
Encomium Emmae Reginae
Richard II, Duke of Normandy
Ælfgifu
Winchester
Rutland
Devon
Suffolk
Oxfordshire
Exeter
Edward the Confessor
Alfred Ætheling
Goda of England
Sweyn Forkbeard
Æthelstan
Edmund Ironside
Eadric Streona
Edmund Ironside
Encomium Emmae Reginae
Harthacnut
Gunhilda
Alfred Aetheling
Edward the Confessor
Æthelred
Harthacnut
Encomium Emmae Reginae
Harold Harefoot
Godwin, Earl of Wessex
Æthelred the Unready
Edward the Confessor
Goda of England
Alfred Ætheling
Cnut the Great
Harthacnut
Gunhilda of Denmark
Courtenay Compendium
Devon Record Office
Royal Library, Denmark
British Library
Cambridge University Library
Edward
Alfred
Edmund Ironside
William Shakespeare
Ælfwine of Winchester
ploughshares
William Blake
Encomium Emmae
Stafford, Pauline

categories: 11th-century Danish people,10th-century English women,Danish royal consorts,House of Knýtlinga,Anglo-Saxon royal consorts,10th-century Danish people,10th-century Normans,11th-century English people,11th-century Norwegian people,11th-century Norman women,Norman women,10th-century Danish women,11th-century Danish women,1052 deaths,10th-century Norwegian people,Viking Age women,Norwegian royal consorts,Burials at Winchester Cathedral,11th-century women rulers,10th-century English people,11th-century Normans,980s births,11th-century English women,Cnut the Great,House of Normandy,House of Wessex,10th-century Norwegian women,11th-century Norwegian women,English royal consorts

paragraph: Emma of Normandy

paragraph: Emma of Normandy (c. 985 – 6 March 1052) was a queen consort of England, Denmark and Norway. She was the daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and his second wife, Gunnora. Through her marriages to Æthelred the Unready (1002–1016) and Cnut the Great (1017–1035), she became the Queen Consort of England, Denmark, and Norway. She was the mother of three sons, King Edward the Confessor, Alfred Ætheling, and King Harthacnut, as well as two daughters, Goda of England, and Gunhilda of Denmark. Even after her husbands' deaths Emma remained in the public eye, and continued to participate actively in politics. She is the central figure within the "Encomium Emmae Reginae", a critical source for the history of early 11th-century English politics. As Catherine Karkov notes, Emma is one of the most visually represented early medieval queens.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Æthelred II.

paragraph: In an attempt to pacify Normandy, King Æthelred of England married Emma in 1002. Similarly Richard II, Duke of Normandy hoped to improve relations with the English in wake of recent conflict and a failed kidnapping attempt against him by Æthelred. Viking raids on England were often based in Normandy in the late 10th century, and for Æthelred this marriage was intended to unite against the Viking threat. Upon their marriage, Emma was given the Anglo-Saxon name of Ælfgifu, which was used for formal and official matters, and became Queen of England. She received properties of her own in Winchester, Rutland, Devonshire, Suffolk, and Oxfordshire, as well as the city of Exeter.

paragraph: Æthelred and Emma had two sons, Edward the Confessor and Alfred Ætheling, and a daughter, Goda of England (or Godgifu).

paragraph: When King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark invaded and conquered England in 1013, Emma and her children were sent to Normandy, where Æthelred joined soon after. They returned to England after Sweyn's death in 1014.

paragraph: Emma and Æthelred's marriage ended with Æthelred's death in London in 1016. Æthelred's oldest son from his first marriage, Æthelstan, had been heir apparent until his death in June 1014. Emma's sons had been ranked after all of the sons from his first wife, the oldest surviving of whom was Edmund Ironside. Emma made an attempt to get her oldest son, Edward, recognized as heir. Although this movement was supported by Æthelred's chief advisor, Eadric Streona, it was opposed by Edmund Ironside, Æthelred's third oldest son, and his allies, who eventually revolted against his father.

paragraph: In 1015, Cnut, the son of Sweyn Forkbeard, invaded England. He was held out of London until the deaths of Æthelred and Edmund in April and November 1016, respectively. Queen Emma attempted to maintain Anglo-Saxon control of London until her marriage to Cnut was arranged. Some scholars believe that the marriage saved her sons' lives, as Cnut tried to rid himself of rival claimants, but spared their lives.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Cnut.

paragraph: Cnut gained control of most of England after he defeated Edmund Ironside on 18 October at the Battle of Assandun, after which they agreed to divide the kingdom, Edmund taking Wessex and Cnut the rest of the country. Edmund died shortly afterwards on 30 November, and Cnut became the king of all England. At the time of their marriage, Emma's sons from her marriage to Æthelred were sent to live in Normandy under the tutelage of her brother. At this time Emma became Queen of England, and later of Denmark, and Norway.

paragraph: The "Encomium Emmae Reginae" suggests in its second book that Emma and Cnut's marriage, though begun as a political strategy, became an affectionate marriage.

paragraph: During their marriage, Emma and Cnut had a son, Harthacnut, and a daughter, Gunhilda.

paragraph: Section::::Conspiracy regarding the death of Alfred.

paragraph: In 1036, Alfred Aetheling and Edward the Confessor, Emma's sons with Æthelred, returned to England from their exile in Normandy in order to visit their mother. During their time in England, they were supposed to be protected by Harthacnut. However, Harthacnut was involved with his kingdom in Denmark. Alfred was captured and blinded by holding a hot iron to his eyes. He later died from his wounds.

paragraph: Edward escaped the attack, and returned to Normandy. He returned after his place on the throne had been secured.

paragraph: "Encomium Emmae Reginae" places the blame of Alfred's capture, torture, and murder completely on Harold Harefoot, thinking he intended to rid himself of two more potential claimants to the English throne by killing Edward and Alfred. Some scholars make the argument that it could have been Godwin, Earl of Wessex, who was traveling with Alfred and Edward as their protector in passage.

paragraph: Section::::Harthacnut and Edward the Confessor’s coordinated reign.

paragraph: Harthacnut, Cnut's son, succeeded the throne of Denmark after the death of his father in 1035. Five years later, he and his brother, Edward the Confessor, shared the throne of England, after the death of Harold, Harthacnut's half brother. Their reign was short, lasting only two years before Harthacnut's own demise.

paragraph: Emma played a role in this coordinated reign by being a common tie between the two kings. The "Encomium of Queen Emma" suggests that she herself may have had a significant role, even being an equal role in this co-leadership of the English kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: After her death in 1052 Emma was interred alongside Cnut and Harthacnut in the Old Minster, Winchester, before being transferred to the new cathedral built after the Norman Conquest. During the English Civil War (1642–1651), their remains were disinterred and scattered about the Cathedral floor by parliamentary forces. In 2012 the "Daily Mail" reported that Bristol University archaeologists "will use the latest DNA techniques...to identify and separate the jumbled bones".

paragraph: Section::::Emma's progeny.

paragraph: Emma's issue with Æthelred the Unready were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward the Confessor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goda of England

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfred Ætheling

paragraph: Her issue with Cnut the Great were

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harthacnut

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gunhilda of Denmark

paragraph: Section::::Emma as queen.

paragraph: As Pauline Stafford noted, Emma is the “first of the early medieval queens” to be depicted through contemporary portraiture. To that end, Emma is the central figure within the "Encomium Emmae Reginae" (incorrectly titled "Gesta Cnutonis Regis" during the later Middle Ages) a critical source for the study of English succession in the 11th century. During the reign of Æthelred, Emma most likely served as little more than a figurehead a physical embodiment of the treaty between the English and her Norman father. However, her influence increased considerably under Cnut. Until 1043, writes Stafford, Emma “was the richest woman in England…and held extensive lands in the East Midlands and Wessex." Emma's authority was not simply tied to landholdings—which fluctuated greatly from 1036 to 1043—she also wielded significant sway over the ecclesiastical offices of England.

paragraph: The "Encomium" is divided into three parts, the first of which deals with Sweyn Forkbeard and his conquest of England. The second focuses on Cnut and relates the defeat of Æthelred, his marriage to Emma, and his kingship. The third address the events after Cnut's death; Emma's involvement in the seizing of the royal treasury, and the treachery of Earl Godwin. It begins by addressing Emma, "May our Lord Jesus Christ preserve you, O Queen, who excel all those of your sex in the amiability of your way of life." Emma is "the most distinguished woman of her time for delightful beauty and wisdom."

paragraph: Section::::The "Encomium Emmæ Reginae" or "Gesta Cnutonis Regis".:Scholarly debate.

paragraph: This flattery, writes Elizabeth M. Tyler, is “part of a deliberate attempt to intervene, on Emma’s behalf, in the politics of the Anglo-Danish court," a connotation which an 11th-century audience would have understood. This proves to be a direct contrast to earlier evaluations of the text, such as the introduction to the 1998 reprint of Alistair Campbell's 1949 edition in which Simon Keynes remarks:

paragraph: ... While the modern reader who expects the Encomium to provide a portrait of a great and distinguished queen at the height of her power will be disappointed, and might well despair of an author who could suppress, misrepresent, and garble what we know or think to have been the truth. Felice Lifshitz, in her seminal study of the "Encomium" comments:…To Alistair Campbell and to see C.N.L. Brooke the omission was explicable as a matter of ‘artistic necessity’ and of Emma’s personal vanity…both scholars subscribed to the older view, which afforded the Encomium only literary significance as a panegyric to individual or dynasty, but saw no political import.

paragraph: Section::::The "Encomium Emmæ Reginae" or "Gesta Cnutonis Regis".:Manuscripts.

paragraph: Prior to May 2008 only one copy of the "Encomium" was believed to exist. However, a late 14th-century manuscript, the Courtenay Compendium, was discovered in the Devon Record Office, where it had languished since the 1960s. According to a report by the UK Arts Council, “The most significant item [within the text] for British history is the Encomium Emma Reginae ... It is highly probable that the present manuscript represents the most complete witness to the revised version of the Encomium.” The manuscript was put up for auction in December 2008, and purchased for £600,000 (5.2 million Danish kroner) on behalf of the Royal Library, Denmark. Unlike the "Liber Vitae," the compendium does not contain any images of Emma.

paragraph: The New Minster Liber Vitae, currently housed in the British Library, was completed in 1030, shortly before Cnut's death in 1035. The frontispiece depicts “King Cnut and Queen Emma presenting a cross to the altar of New Minster, Winchester." Stafford in her visual exegesis of the portrait states, “it is not clear whether we should read it as a representation of a powerful woman or a powerless one." In one portrait, each facet of Emma's role as sovereign is displayed; that of a dutiful wife and influential queen.

paragraph: Emma is also depicted in a number of later medieval texts, such as the 13th-century "Life of Edward the Confessor" (Cambridge University Library MS. Ee.3.59) and a 14th-century roll "Genealogy of the English Kings, Genealogical Chronicle of the English Kings."

paragraph: Emma and her sons Edward and Alfred are characters in the anonymous Elizabethan play "Edmund Ironside", sometimes considered an early work by William Shakespeare.

paragraph: Section::::The Ordeal of Queen Emma.

paragraph: The Ordeal of Queen Emma by Fire at Winchester is a legend that seems to have originated in the 13th century. Queen Emma was accused of unchastity with Bishop Ælfwine of Winchester. In order to prove her innocence, she was obliged to undergo the ordeal of walking over nine red-hot ploughshares placed on the pavement of the nave of Winchester Cathedral. Two bishops conducted the barefoot Queen to the line of red-hot ploughshares. She walked over the red-hot ploughshares, but felt neither the naked iron nor the fire. William Blake did an illustration of the event.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: See also "Encomium Emmae" (for the "Encomium Emmae Reginae" or "Gesta Cnutonis Regis" in honour of Queen Emma)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barlow, Frank, (1984) "Edward the Confessor", Berkeley: University of California Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duggan, Anne, (1997) "Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe", Woodbridge: The Boydell Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honeycutt, Lois, (2003) "Matilda of Scotland: a Study in Medieval Queenship" Woodbridge: The Boydell Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monk of St Omer (1949) "Encomium Emmae Reginae"; ed. Alistair Campbell. (Camden 3rd series; no. 72.) London: Royal Historical Society (Reissued by Cambridge U. P. 1998 with suppl. introd. by Simon Keynes )

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stafford, Pauline (2001) "Queen Emma and Queen Edith: queenship and women's power in eleventh-century England". Oxford: Blackwell.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strachan, Isabella (2005) "Emma: the twice-crowned Queen of England in the Viking Age". London: Peter Owen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howard, Ian, (2008) "Harthacnut: The Last Danish King of England", The History Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howard, Ian, (2005) "Harold II: a Throne-Worthy King. Essay included in King Harold II and the Bayeux Tapestry", pages 35–52. Boydell Press: .

paragraph: BULLET::::- O'Brien, Harriet, (2006) "Queen Emma and the Vikings: The Woman Who Shaped the Events of 1066". Bloomsbury Publishing:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bech-Danielsen, Anne, "Knud Den Store Kom Ikke Med Det Kgl. Bibliotek Hjem" N. p., 6 Dec. 2008. Web. 9 Dec. 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duggan, Anne J. "Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe: Proceedings of a Conference Held at King’s College London, April 199" Boydell Press, 2002. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patterson, Robert. "The Haskins Society Journal Studies in Medieval History" Continuum, 2003. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stafford, Pauline. "Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women’s Power in Eleventh-Century England" Oxford, UK; Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 2001. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tyler, Elizabeth. "Fictions of Family: The Encomium Emmae Reginae and Virgil’s Aeneid." N. p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.n. pag. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gameson, Richard. "L’Angleterre et La Flandre Aux Xe et XIe Siècles : Le Témoignage Des Manuscrits." "Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l’enseignement supérieur public" 32.1 (2001): 165–206.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campbell, Alistair (editor and translator) and Simon Keynes (supplementary introduction) (1998). "Encomium Emmae Reginae". Cambridge University Press , 5.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: Norman princess and mother of Edward the Confessor

wikidata_label: Emma of Normandy

wikipedia_title: Emma of Normandy