text: jure uxoris

text: Baron Ferrers of Chartley

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Yorkist

text: Wars of the Roses

text: Edward IV of England

text: King Richard III

text: Battle of Bosworth

text: Weobley

text: Herefordshire

text: Sir Walter Devereux

text: Lord Chancellor of Ireland

text: Chief Justice

text: South Wales

text: jure uxoris

text: Baron Ferrers of Chartley

text: Chartley Castle

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Shropshire

text: Morton Corbet

text: Wattlesborough

text: Battle of Barnet

text: Alderley, Gloucestershire

text: Esquire of the Body

text: King Henry VII

text: Prince Arthur

text: Sir Robert Poyntz

text: Lord

text: manor of Iron Acton

text: Battle of Bosworth

text: Escheator

text: Dorton

text: Inquisition post mortem

text: attainted

text: Richard, Duke of York,

text: Dartford Heath

text: livery

text: age of majority

text: fealty

text: Sir William Herbert

text: Bakton

text: Billingsley

text: Richard, 3rd Duke of York

text: First Battle of St Albans

text: Henry VI

text: Protector of the Realm

text: Tudors

text: Welsh Marches

text: Marshalsea

text: Radnor

text: Battle of Ludford Bridge

text: King's

text: Warwick

text: Salisbury

text: Sandwich

text: Battle of Northampton

text: knight of the shire

text: Edward, Earl of March,

text: Battle of Wakefield

text: Battle of Mortimer's Cross

text: Edward IV

text: Second Battle of St Albans

text: Baynard's Castle

text: Battle of Towton

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Commission of Array

text: Herefordshire

text: Gloucestershire

text: Shropshire

text: Oyer and terminer

text: South Wales

text: king

text: William Herbert

text: Ludlow Castle

text: Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham

text: Pembroke Castle

text: Pembroke

text: Exeter

text: Denbigh Castle

text: Carreg Cennen Castle

text: Margaret of Anjou

text: King Edward

text: Aberystwyth Castle

text: Haywood

text: Oyer and terminer

text: Jasper Tudor, 1st Earl of Pembroke

text: Harlech Castle

text: Gravesend

text: Hereford Castle

text: Oyer and terminer

text: Battle of Edgecote Moor

text: Earl of Warwick

text: William Herbert, was killed

text: Brecon

text: Hay

text: Huntington

text: Henry Stafford.

text: Oyer and terminer

text: Battle of Losecoat Field

text: Duke of Clarence

text: Caernarfonshire

text: Snowdon

text: Edward IV

text: Warwick

text: Plymouth

text: Flanders

text: Henry VI

text: Ravenspur

text: Battle of Barnet

text: Battle of Tewkesbury

text: Edward

text: Jasper Tudor

text: Lord Dacre

text: collation

text: Windsor Castle

text: St Bride's Church

text: Wigston

text: John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford

text: Ludgate

text: Farringdon Without

text: Oyer and terminer

text: Star Chamber

text: Cheshunt

text: Edward V

text: Richard, Duke of Glouucester

text: Stony Stratford

text: Justice of the Peace

text: John Devereux of Ferrers

text: Cheshunt

text: Henry VI

text: Duke of Exeter

text: Pembroke

text: Wiltshire

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Richard III of England

text: Battle of Bosworth

text: John Howard, Duke of Norfolk

text: Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey

text: John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford

text: A listing of the Devereux family

text: A short profile of his father

categories: People of the Wars of the Roses,People from Weobley,Knights of the Garter,1485 deaths,Barons Ferrers of Chartley,1431 births,English military personnel killed in action

paragraph: Walter Devereux, 7th Baron Ferrers of Chartley

paragraph: Walter Devereux, jure uxoris 7th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (c.1432 – 22 August 1485), Knight of the Garter, was a member of the English peerage and a loyal supporter of the Yorkist cause during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the inner circle of King Edward IV of England, and died fighting for Edward's younger brother, King Richard III, at the Battle of Bosworth (1485).

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was born about 1432 in Weobley, Herefordshire, the son of Sir Walter Devereux (1411–1459), Lord Chancellor of Ireland (from 1449 to 1450), and Elizabeth Merbury, the daughter and heiress of Sir John Merbury, Chief Justice of South Wales by his first wife, Alice Pembridge.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage & progeny.

paragraph: Walter Devereux married twice:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firstly in about 1446, at age 13, he married Anne de Ferrers (d.9 January 1469), the daughter and heiress of William de Ferrers, 6th Baron Ferrers of Chartley, and thereby became jure uxoris Baron Ferrers of Chartley (in right of his wife) on 26 July 1461. His wife Anne inherited great wealth upon the death of her father. Through the marriage, the Devereux family gained Chartley Castle as well as its barony. By his wife, who predeceased him by seventeen years, he had at least six children including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Robert Devereux of Ferrers (c1455 to ?), who was appointed a Justice of the Peace for Shropshire on 24 February 1473, and again on 8 Nov 1473.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Devereux, 8th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (1463 - 3 May 1501)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Devereux, who married firstly to Sir Richard Corbet of Morton Corbet, and secondly to Sir Thomas Leighton of Wattlesborough.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Devereux, who married, as his first wife, Sir Thomas Tyrrell (c.1453–1510?), son of Sir William Tyrrell (slain at the Battle of Barnet in 1471) by his wife, Eleanor Darcy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabel ("Sybil") Devereux, who married Sir James Baskerville.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Richard Devereux

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Thomas Devereux

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondly, he married a certain lady named Jane (fl.1522), by whom he had no further children. She survived him and remarried thrice: firstly to Thomas Vaughan, secondly to Sir Edward Blount of Sodington, and thirdly to Thomas Poyntz (d.1501) of Alderley, Gloucestershire, an Esquire of the Body of King Henry VII at the baptism of his first-born son, Prince Arthur. He was the second son of Sir Robert Poyntz (died 1520), Lord of the manor of Iron Acton in Gloucestershire, a supporter of King Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: On 6 November 1450 the Escheator of Buckinghamshire was instructed to deliver the manor of Dorton to Elizabeth, widow of the late Baron Ferrers of Chartley. An Inquisition post mortem declared that her heir was Anne, wife of Walter Devereux. His father was attainted for treason in 1452 for supporting Richard, Duke of York, on his march to London and subsequent confrontation with the king at Dartford Heath. On 6 March 1453 he attended Parliament as Lord Ferrers, and represented Herefordshire in place of his father. On 17 March 1453 Walter and Anne Devereux were granted livery of her father's lands as she was 14 years of age or older, deemed the age of majority for females.

paragraph: On 20 March 1453 the escheators were ordered to take the fealty of Walter Devereux for his wife's lands. On 24 January 1454 the Escheator of Warwickshire released to Walter and Anne Devereux her lands there. An agreement was acknowledged on 4 March 1454 between Walter and Anne Devereux and Elizabeth, widow of the late Sir William Ferrers of Charteley, that they would honor her dower rights when she entered the church, and Anne would receive the inheritance of these estates when she reached 21 years of age. On 8 June 1455 Urias and Elizabeth de la Hay, and Henry and Joan ap Griffith, granted to Walter Devereux and his father,

paragraph: Sir William Herbert; John Barrow; and Miles Skull a moiety of Wellington manor, and Adzor manor; and 100 acres of land and 20 shillings of rent in Wellington forever. Devereux acquired half the manor of Tonge, Shropshire, on 1 November 1456 as his wife's inheritance from a distant cousin, Sir Richard Vernon.

paragraph: Walter Devereux and William Mayell acquired from Henry Gryffith of Bakton and Thomas Herbert of Billingsley the wardship and marriage of Thomas, minor heir of Edmund de Cornewaylle on 1 July 1453. Walter Devereux and his father were appointed on 14 December 1453 to investigate the escape of prisoners in Herefordshire. On 22 May 1455 Richard, 3rd Duke of York, led the Yorkists to victory at the First Battle of St Albans, and captured Henry VI. On 25 May the Duke crowned Henry VI again, and was re-instated as Protector of the Realm. Walter Devereux's father was pardoned shortly after at the Parliament meeting on 9 July 1455. Over the next several years the Devereux carried on an intermittent war with the Tudors along the Welsh Marches. Walter Devereux, along with other prominent Yorkists of Herefordshire, were placed under a recognizance of 5000 marks on 13 May 1457 if they did not immediately present themselves for imprisonment at Marshalsea. His father was added to the group on 2 June.

paragraph: Following his father's death on 22 April 1459, Walter Devereux assumed his place as the Steward of York's lands in Radnor, and in the Duke's retinue. He was with the Duke of York at the Battle of Ludford Bridge on 12 October 1459, but surrendered and threw himself on the King's mercy when York fled to Ireland following the defeat. Granted his life, he was attainted on 20 November 1459, and his lands awarded to Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Devereux was permitted in 1460 to redeem his properties for a fine of 500 marks.

paragraph: On 26 June 1460 the earls of Warwick and Salisbury landed at Sandwich, and raised a Yorkist rebellion. They marched on London, and captured Henry VI at the Battle of Northampton on 10 July 1460. Walter Devereux was appointed to arrest and imprison any in Herefordshire resisting the rebellion, Richard of York returned to England and Walter Devereux attended Parliament on 7 October as a knight of the shire for Herefordshire. The Duke became Protector of the Realm again on 31 October, and Devereux was granted a general pardon.

paragraph: In December 1460 Walter Devereux accompanied Edward, Earl of March, to Wales to raise an army to counter a Lancastrian rebellion led by the Tudors. On 30 December, Richard, 3rd Duke of York, was killed at the Battle of Wakefield, and a Lancastrian army moved south towards London. Devereux fought on behalf of Edward, now the 4th Duke of York, at his victory in the Battle of Mortimer's Cross on 2 February 1461, and commanded his left wing. He remained at the side of the future Edward IV on his advance from Gloucester to London. The Lancastrian army marching south was again victorious at the Second Battle of St Albans on 17 February, and recovered Henry VI here. On 3 March 1461, Walter Devereux was present at the council held at Baynard's Castle where it was resolved that Edward would be made King, and rode at his side to Westminster where Henry VI was deposed in absentia and Edward IV proclaimed King of England.

paragraph: Walter Devereux was with the army as Edward IV marched north, and fought in the victory at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461, where he was knighted. On 8 July Devereux was appointed Justice of the Peace, and place on the Commission of Array for Herefordshire, Gloucestershire, and Shropshire to raise troops to stamp out Lancastrian resistance in Wales. He was also placed on a commission of Oyer and terminer to inquire into all treasons, insurrections and rebellions in South Wales, and granted the authority to receive submission into the king's peace of rebels. In September Walter Devereux met with the king and William Herbert at Ludlow Castle where they were assigned to take into the king's hands all the castles, lordships, manors, land and possessions of the late Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham, in South Wales. On 30 September 1461, Herbert and Devereux captured Pembroke Castle. On 16 October Herbert and Devereux defeated the Lancastrians under Pembroke and Exeter at the Battle of Twt Hill, effectively ending resistance in Wales. Walter Devereux attended Parliament on 4 November 1461, but was back in Wales for the capture of Denbigh Castle in January 1462.

paragraph: On 10 February 1462 Devereux was again Justice of the Peace for Herefordshire and Gloucestershire, and would effectively retain these offices for the rest of his life, at times extending his authority to Shropshire as well. On 20 February 1462, Devereux received an extensive grant of forfeited lands for his service, and was assigned to raise further troops in Herefordshire and Gloucestershire. John Salwey granted the manor of Stanford, Worcestershire, to Walter Devereux on 18 April, and Herbert and Devereux captured Carreg Cennen Castle in Wales in May 1462.

paragraph: In October 1462 Margaret of Anjou landed and raised a Lancastrian rebellion in northern England. Devereux accompanied King Edward on an expedition to the north in November 1462, which put the rebellion down by January 1463. Walter attended Parliament on 29 April 1463 where he was rewarded with an exemption from the crown's Act of Resumption revoking various gifts and grants.

paragraph: On 18 June 1463 Devereux was appointed as Constable of Aberystwyth Castle for life, and 10 August 1464 joint keeper of the Haywood in Herefordshire. In late 1467 he was granted Oyer and terminer in Wales with power to pardon or arrest, and specifically tasked with investigating counterfeiting, clipping, sweating and other falsifications of money. This was extended into Herefordshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Shropshire in early 1468, and Devonshire and Gloucestershire later in the year. Devereux was further rewarded on 30 May 1468 with the grant of the custody of all castles, lordships, manors, lands, rents, and possessions with knights’ fees, advowsons, courts leet, views of frankpledge, fairs, markets, privileges and franchises of the late Sir Roger Corbet, and in the king's hands by reason of the minority his son and heir, Richard. In June 1468, Jasper Tudor, 1st Earl of Pembroke landed near Harlech Castle and captured Denbigh. Walter Devereux and William Herbert were assigned to raise an army in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Shropshire, and the marshes of Wales to attack the rebels; and on 14 August 1468, Harlech castle finally surrendered to the Yorkists.

paragraph: In 1468 Edward IV announced his intent to invade France. On 3 August 1468 Walter Devereux was assigned to muster at Gravesend with his men for service overseas, but other events in the kingdom prevented this from occurring. On 12 February 1469 he was commanded to deliver prisoners to the gaol of Hereford Castle. On 22 May he was appointed to a commission of Oyer and terminer for the counties of York, Cumberland, and Westmoreland; and the city of York. He was probably at the Battle of Edgecote Moor on 26 July 1469 when the Earl of Warwick defeated King Edward, and Devereux's brother-in-law, William Herbert, was killed. Edward IV was captured, but Warwick was forced to release him within a few months. By September 1469 Walter Devereux was assigned to raise new troops for the Yorkists in Herefordshire, Gloucestershire, Shropshire, and Worcestershire. On 16 November he was rewarded with the grant of the offices of Constable of the Castles of Brecon, Hay, and Huntington; and Steward of the Lordships of Brecon, Hay, and Huntington during the minority of Henry Stafford.

paragraph: On 6 January 1470 he was granted Oyer and terminer over Wales. He probably fought for Edward IV at the resounding victory of the Battle of Losecoat Field, which resulted in the flight of the earl of Warwick and Duke of Clarence to France. On 26 March Devereux was assigned to raise additional troops in Herefordshire to defend against the rebels. On 28 July 1470 he was rewarded with appointment as sheriff of Caernarfonshire and Master-Forester of the Snowdon Hills in North Wales for life.

paragraph: On 13 September 1470 after Edward IV had been lured north to deal with rebels, Warwick landed at Plymouth raising a Lancastrian rebellion in his rear. Edward was forced to flee to Flanders, and Henry VI was readapted to the throne of England on 3 October. When Edward IV returned, landing at Ravenspur, Yorkshire, on 14 March 1471, Devereux joined him for the victory at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471, which deposed Henry VI once again. Walter Devereux was assigned to raise more troops in Shropshire, and Herefordshire, and fought at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471 where Edward IV finally secured his throne. Devereux was at the king's side when he entered London in triumph, and was one of the Lords who swore in the Parliament Chamber at Westminster on 3 July 1471 to accept Edward, Prince of Wales, as heir to the crown. On 27 August he was granted the power to receive the submission of all rebels in South Wales and the marshes, and to raise an army in South Wales, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Shropshire, and the marches to resist Jasper Tudor.

paragraph: He was selected on 20 February 1473 to serve on the Council of Wales as a tutor and councilor of the king's heir until the Prince of Wales reached the age of 14 years. On 26 February 1474 he was assigned to raise troops in Herefordshire and Shropshire to suppress another rebellion. On 1 July, Margaret, widow of John Walsh and wife of Henry Turner, remised and quitclaimed (for 9L annually during her life) to Walter Devereux the following in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire: Andrews manor; 1 messuage, 20 acres of land, and 20 acres of pasture; and a moiety of La Mote manor. She also quitclaimed 1 messuage in Holborn (London). On 25 October Walter Devereux, Lord Dacre, and the king's chaplain were granted the collation to the next vacant prebend in the king's College of St George within Windsor Castle.

paragraph: On 26 May 1475 Devereux and others were granted a license to found a perpetual guild in St Bride's Church near his London properties. He was with Edward IV when he led an army into France in July, and at the Conference at Saint-Christ in Vermandois, France, on 13 August where the king agreed to withdraw in exchange for a yearly payment. Devereux was rewarded on 31 January 1476 with the grant of the manor and lordship of Wigston, Leicestershire, in the king's hands following the attainder of John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford; and the Welshman, a brewhouse outside Ludgate in the ward of Farringdon Without (St Martin parish, London).

paragraph: Over the next 4 years Walter Devereux served on various commissions of Oyer and terminer in Middlesex, Yorkshire, and London. On 14 February 1480 he was identified as a member of the king's council hearing petitions in the Star Chamber at Westminster. Devereux was assigned on 12 June 1481 to survey the land of the king's lordship of Cheshunt, Hertfordshire; the land of Thomas, abbot of Waltham, in Essex; and the boundary between the counties there.

paragraph: As a member of the Council of Wales, Walter Devereux was probably with Edward V when he was declared king following the sudden death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483. It would be expected that he accompanied Edward as he set out for London, and was probably among the retinue that was dismissed when Richard, Duke of Glouucester intercepted them at Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire on 29 April. Following the deposition of Edward V and crowning of the Duke as Richard III on 6 July 1483, Walter Devereux transferred his allegiance to the new king and was confirmed as Justice of the Peace for Herefordshire, Gloucestershire, Shropshire, and Hertfordshire. On 1 August Walter Devereux of Ferrers; his son, Sir John Devereux of Ferrers; and others were assigned in Herefordshire to assess and appoint collectors of the subsidies granted by the last Parliament from aliens (with the exception of the nations and merchants of Spain, Brittany, and Almain). Devereux attended Parliament on 23 January 1484, and was assigned to raise an army on 1 May 1484 in Hertfordshire, and Herefordshire. He was rewarded with the grant of Cheshunt manor, Hertfordshire, for life on 12 August; and assigned to investigate certain treasons and offenses committed by William Colingbourne late of Lidyard, Wiltshire; and John Turburville late of Firemayne, Dorset.

paragraph: Section::::Elevation to Peerage and Honors.

paragraph: On 26 July 1461 Walter Devereux was raised to the rank of Baron in right of his wife and on account of his great services against Henry VI, the Duke of Exeter, the earls of Pembroke and Wiltshire, and the other rebels and traitors, thereby becoming Lord Ferrers.

paragraph: On 24 April 1472 he was honored by creation as a Knight of the Garter.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Walter Devereux supported Richard III of England during his reign, and fought by his side at the Battle of Bosworth (22 August 1485). There, Lord Ferrers commanded in the vanguard under John Howard, Duke of Norfolk, alongside Sir Robert Brackenbury and Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey. Devereux was slain during the initial fight with the opposing van under John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, fighting next to the young John, Lord Zouche. An in-law, Sir John Ferrers, was also killed at Bosworth. He was attainted after his death on 7 November 1485.

paragraph: Section::::General References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cokayne, G.E. "Complete Baronetage." (New York; St. Martin's Press, 1984). Volume V, page 321 to 333, Ferrers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A listing of the Devereux family

paragraph: BULLET::::- A short profile of his father

description: Yorkist supporter during the Wars of the Roses


text:
Prince of Abkhazia
Lykhny
The Shirvashidze (Chachba) Dynasty
The Dadiani Dynasty (Chikovani)

categories: House of Shervashidze,Abkhazian former Muslims,Princes of Abkhazia,1822 deaths,Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Islam

paragraph: Dmitry, Prince of Abkhazia

paragraph: Dmitry Giorgievitch Shervashidze, or Umar Bey, was briefly the Prince of Abkhazia in 1821–1822. He was a colonel in the Russian army. He converted to Christianity and was baptised into the Orthodox faith under the name of Dmitry.

paragraph: He succeeded as the Prince of Abkhazia on the death of his father, February 7 (or November 13) 1821. He was poisoned at Lykhny, October 16, 1822.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Shirvashidze (Chachba) Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Dadiani Dynasty (Chikovani)

alias:
Umar Bey
Demetri Shirvashidze

description: Prince of Abkhazia

wikidata_label: Dmitry Giorgievitch Shirvashidze

wikipedia_title: Dmitry, Prince of Abkhazia


text:
muhaddith
Twelver
Shi’a
Wasael ush-Shia
Machghara
ʿĀmil mountains
Lebanon
ijaza
ahadeeth
hajj
ziyarat
Iraq
Safavid Empire
Mashhad
Shaykh al-Islam
Ali al-Ridha
Isfahan
Muhammad Baqir Majlisi
Majlisi
Ramadhan
Yemen
Muḥammad
Wasā'il al-Shīʿa
the Four Books
Risala
Usoolism
Shia Islam
Wasael ush-Shia
Akhbari
List of Ayatollahs
List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam
List of Marjas
List of Shi'a books
The Four Books
Sayyid Murtadhā
Al-Sharif al-Radi
Shaykh al-Mufīd
Shaykh al-Tūsī
Shaykh al-Sadūq
Muhammad al-Kulaynī
Allāmah Majlisī
Online (Arabic)
Online (Arabic)

categories: Iranian ayatollahs,1693 deaths,Lebanese Shia Muslims,17th-century people of the Safavid Empire,Iranian people of Lebanese descent,Ottoman emigrants to Iran,1624 births,Lebanese Shia clerics

paragraph: Al-Hurr al-Amili

paragraph: Muhammad bin al-Ḥasan b. Ali b. al-Ḥusayn al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili al-Mashghari (), commonly known as Al-Ḥurr Al-ʿĀmili () (1033/1624 - 1104/1693), was a muhaddith and a prominent Twelver Shi’a scholar. He is best known for his comprehensive hadith compilation known as Wasael ush-Shia (also known as Wasa’il ush-Shi’a) and as the second of the “Three Great Muhammads” in later Shi’a Islamic history.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: He was born on Friday, 8th of Raj̲ab 1033AH/26 April 1624 CE in the village of Machghara in the ʿĀmil mountains of southern Lebanon, a center of Shi’i Lebanese in the region. His early education began with a family of teachers that included his father, his paternal uncle, his maternal grandfather (Shaykh ʿAbd Salām b. Muḥammad), and one of his father's maternal uncles (shaykh ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd; at Ḏj̲abʿ). He also studied under Ḥusayn b. Hasan b. Yunus Ẓahīr and Ḥasan b. Zayn al-Dīn ʿĀmili (d.1011/1602), who was the great-grandson of al-Shahid al-Thani, in al-Jaba, a nearby village. Ḥusayn Zahir was the first to give al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili ijaza, a license to teach and transmit ahadeeth.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life and travels.

paragraph: Al-Ḥurr Al-ʿĀmili performed the hajj twice and went on ziyarat, visiting of holy Shi’a shrines, in Iraq. Other than these trips, he remained in the Jabal ʿĀmil for the first forty years of his life. He lived during the era of the Safavid Empire, which at the time was pushing Imami Shi’ism upon the people of Iran. When Sunni ulama fled from the Safavid Empire, specifically the religious centers of Iran, the empire brought in many Shi’i scholars to replace them, a large amount coming from Jabal ʿĀmil.

paragraph: Al-Ḥurr Al-ʿĀmili was one of the many scholars that migrated to take religious leadership positions in Iran at the time, eventually journeying to Mashhad, Iran and settling there in 1073/1663 where he became Shaykh al-Islam in the shrine of the 8th Imam, Ali al-Ridha. He settled after traveling first to Isfahan, Persia where he became acquainted with Muhammad Baqir Majlisi, the third of the Great Muḥammads (the first of the Three Great Muḥammads of later centuries is Muhammad Kashani, also known as Muhsin al-Fayz). The meeting between these two scholars left an impression on them both and they mutually granted each other ijāza to transmit hadiths. Majlisi also introduced al-ʿĀmili to Shah Sulayman of the Safavid Empire.

paragraph: Al-ʿĀmili died in Mashhad on the 21st of Ramadhan 1104 AH / 26 May 1693 CE and is buried there. He was succeeded by his brother Ahmad (d. 1120/1708-9) as shaykh al-Islam in Mashhad. Some have claimed that al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili actually died in Yemen in 1079/1669, but there is no evidence in support of this.

paragraph: Al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili was not only known as a scholar, but also as a poet. He is credited with a diwān of approximately 20,000 verses, which includes several didactic poems (manẓumas), most of which constitute panegyrics to the Prophet Muḥammad and to his descendants. However, in two verses, he also expressed his inner struggle between his poetic and scholarly leanings: “My scholarship and my poetry fought one another, then were reconciled / poetry reluctantly surrendering to scholarship” (ʿelmi wa-šeʿri qatalā wa-ṣṭalaḥā / fa-ḵażaʿa al-šeʿro le-ʿelmi rāḡemā); “My scholarship objected to my being considered a poet / poetry, however, conceded that I be regarded as a scholar” (fa-l-ʿelmo yaʾbā an oʿadda šāʿeran / wa’l-šeʿro yarżā an oʿadda ʿālemā). The above lines suggest that poetry and scholarship were at odds in terms of the ideal of knowledge and in the degree of piety assigned to them. Judging by the vast amount of literary work he completed, it is clear that his scholarly work had precedence over his non-scholarly works of poetry.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Wasā'il al-Shīʿa: a vast but concise compilation and classification of Hadith based on the Four Books (al-Kafī, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, al-Taththib, al-Istibrar) as well as on many later sources. It took 18 years to compose.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. al-Jawāher al-saniya fī al-aḥādith al-qudsiya: considered the first collection exclusively devoted to Sacred Hadith, or aḥādith qudsiya.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Isbāt al-Hudāt bin al-Noṣuṣ wa al-Muʿjizāt: describes the miracles of the 12 Imams and deals with the question of the divine right of the Imams to rule

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Risala fī Tawatur al-Qur'an

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Risala fī Mas'ala al-Rija't

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Risala fī Khalq al-Kafir

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Risala ithnā ʿashariya fī al-radd ʿalā al-ṣufiya : an anti-Sufi treatise representing much of his literary activities regarding them.

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Fawaid al-Toosiya: a rejection of Usoolism

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Amal al-āmil fī ʿulamāʾ jabal ʿāmil: a biographical dictionary of Twelver Shi’i scholars who originated from jabal ʿĀmil in southern Lebanon.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Students.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Allameh Mohammad Bagher Majlesi(writer of "Bahar al-anvar")

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Sheikh Mostafa Hoveizy

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Seyed Mohammad Hosseiny A'raji

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Seyed Mohammad Bady'

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Seyed Mohammad Moosavi Aamely

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Mola Mohammad Taghi Abd al-Wahhab

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Mohaddes Mola Mohammad Saleh Heravi

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Mola Hassan ebn Mohammad Taher Ghazviny Taleghani

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Mohammad Meymandi

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Seyed Mohammad ebn Zein al-Abedin Moosavi Aameli

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Sheikh Aboo al-Hassan ebn Mohammad al-Nabati al-Aameli

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shia Islam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wasael ush-Shia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akhbari

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ayatollahs

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Marjas

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Shi'a books

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Four Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sayyid Murtadhā

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Sharif al-Radi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaykh al-Mufīd

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaykh al-Tūsī

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaykh al-Sadūq

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muhammad al-Kulaynī

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allāmah Majlisī

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: ٭ Online (Arabic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online (Arabic)

description: Muslim cleric and scholar

wikidata_label: Al-Hurr al-Aamili

wikipedia_title: Al-Hurr al-Amili


text:
luthier
Milan
Carlo Giuseppe Testore
purfling
Carlo Antonio Testore

categories: 1700 births,Italian musical instrument makers,Bowed string instrument makers,Luthiers,1767 deaths

paragraph: Paolo Antonio Testore

paragraph: Paolo Antonio Testore (born 1700 - died 1767) was a Milanese luthier. He was born in Milan, the second son of Carlo Giuseppe Testore, also a noted luthier, and worked out of the family's workshop under the "Sign of the Eagle" on Contrada Larga in Milan. He was one of the three finest instrument-makers from the Testore family, but a distinctive characteristic of Paolo Antonio's work is that he often omitted purfling and sometimes used lower quality wood.

paragraph: Testore's brother Carlo Antonio Testore was also a luthier, and their sons Giovanni, son of Carlo, and Gennaro(?), son of Paolo, continued the family business in Milan during the 1760s.

description: Italian luthier

wikidata_label: Paolo Antonio Testore

wikipedia_title: Paolo Antonio Testore


text: London

text: London

text: English

text: painter

text: London

text: Clarkson Frederick Stanfield

text: landscape art

text: marine art

text: Rhine Valley

text: Moselle

text: Switzerland

text: Royal Academy

text: British Institution

text: Hampstead

categories: English male painters,English landscape painters,19th-century English painters,Painters from London,1828 births,1878 deaths

paragraph: George Clarkson Stanfield

paragraph: George Clarkson Stanfield (London 1 May 1828 – 22 March 1878 London) was an English painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Stanfield was born in London, the second son from the second marriage of his painter father Clarkson Frederick Stanfield (1793–1867). He received his artistic training largely from his father, and painted the same class of subjects including landscape art and marine art. He attended the Royal Academy Schools, but was not formally enrolled.

paragraph: He is best known for his topographical views painted during his visits to the Rhine Valley, the Moselle, Switzerland, and the Italian lakes.

paragraph: Stanfield exhibited, starting at age sixteen, at the Royal Academy from 1844 to 1876 (a total of 49 works) and at the British Institution from 1844 to 1867 (a total of 73 works). He had a limited success during his lifetime, probably due to a shift in taste of the public.

paragraph: Stanfield married his cousin, Maria Blackburn, in 1854 and took up residence in Hampstead. They had five sons and two daughters. He died of liver disease at the home of his sister in Hampstead, north London, on 22 March 1878.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: George Clarkson Stanfield by Pieter van der Merwe

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Clarkson Stanfield - WikiGallery.org

description: painter

wikidata_label: George Clarkson Stanfield

wikipedia_title: George Clarkson Stanfield


text:
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Chicago Cubs
United States Army
Little Rock National Cemetery

categories: Chicago Cubs players,1920 births,1996 deaths,People from Columbia, Tennessee,Major League Baseball pitchers,Baseball players from Tennessee

paragraph: Dutch McCall

paragraph: Robert Leonard "Dutch" McCall (December 27, 1920 – January 8, 1996) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago Cubs.

paragraph: During World War II, McCall served in the United States Army rising to the rank of Corporal. He is buried in the Little Rock National Cemetery (Section 24).

description: Major League Baseball pitcher

wikidata_label: Dutch McCall

wikipedia_title: Dutch McCall


text: Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire

text: Gonalston

text: Edwina Mountbatten

text: Winchester Cathedral

text: University of Winchester

text: Royal Victorian Order

text: 2009 Birthday Honours

text: Lady Companion

text: Order of the Garter

text: "Fagan meets The Tigers"

categories: Dames Commander of the Royal Victorian Order,People from Newark and Sherwood (district),People associated with the University of Winchester,Ladies Companion of the Garter,British academics,Lord-Lieutenants of Hampshire,1939 births,Living people

paragraph: Mary Fagan

paragraph: Lady Florence Mary Fagan, (born 11 September 1939) is a former Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire, who served from 1994 until her retirement on 11 September 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Lady Mary was born at Gonalston Hall, Nottinghamshire, the daughter of Lt. Col. George Haliburton Foster Peel Vere-Laurie and Caroline Judith Francklin. She was married October 21, 1960 to Captain Christopher Tarleton Feltrim Fagan, the son of Christopher Frederick Feltrim Fagan and Helen Maud Tarelton. To their union were born two sons, Christopher Hugh Tarleton Feltrim Fagan (died in an automobile accident in 1987), and James Tarleton Feltrim Fagan.

paragraph: Section::::Charitable and public service.

paragraph: Lady Mary is chair of trustees of the Countess Of Brecknock Hospice Trust. She is also a trustee of the Overlord Embroidery Trust, The Edwina Mountbatten And Leonora Children's Foundation and Winchester Cathedral Trust.

paragraph: She also served as Chancellor of the University of Winchester from 2006 to 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Lady Mary was appointed a Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (DCVO) in the 2009 Birthday Honours (announced 13 June 2009). She was appointed a Lady Companion of the Order of the Garter on 23 April 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Affiliations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary Rear Admiral in the Royal Naval Reserve

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary Colonel, 457 Battery RA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairman of the Advisory Committee for Magistrates

paragraph: BULLET::::- 27 April 1998: Honorary Colonel, 78 (Fortress) Engineer Regiment (Volunteers)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary Colonel, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (Volunteers) 4th Division

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dame Mary Fagan opens new library at Barton Peveril College

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fagan meets The Tigers"

description: British academic

wikidata_label: Mary Fagan

wikipedia_title: Mary Fagan


text:
Říčany
Utraquists
Bohemia
Hussites
Utraquists
Wenceslaus
Jindřichův Hradec
Jindřichův Hradec Castle
Rabi Castle
Jan Žižka
Příběnice Castle
Křemže
Telč
Taborites
Kamenice
Andreas Prokop
Počátky
crusaders
Battle of Tachov
Sigismund
Battle of Domažlice
Kdyně
Kutna Hora
Council of Basel
Four Articles of Prague
Plzeň
Battle of Lipany
regent
Albert II
Tábor
George of Poděbrady
Hynek Ptáček of Pirkstein
Albert III
Elizabeth of Luxembourg
Ladislaus the Posthumous
George of Poděbrady
Old Town
Poděbrady Castle
Zdeněk Konopišťský ze Šternberka
Karlstejn castle
Jindřichův Hradec
Strakonice
Henry IV of Rosenberg
Zajíc of Hasenburg
Zdeněk Konopišťský ze Šternberka

categories: Medieval Bohemian nobility,1449 deaths,1398 births

paragraph: Meinhard of Neuhaus

paragraph: Meinhard of Neuhaus (also known as "Meinhard of Hradec", ; 1398 – 3 February 1449 in Říčany), was one of the leaders of the moderate Utraquists from 1437 onwards, and was colonel of burgrave of Bohemia. He was a member of the "Neuhaus" family, a branch of the "Vítkovci" dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His parents were John the Elder of Neuhaus and Catherine of Velhartic. Meinhard's involvement in the administration of his parents' possessions began while his father was still alive. He was also interested in the public interest and made friends with his relative . When his father died in 1417, he became a ruler of the Velhartic line of the Lords of Hradec. In 1418, he donated two altar priests to Neuhaus. Although his father has been as supporter of the Hussites, Meinhard sided with the temperate Utraquists and the Catholic nobility. After the death of King Wenceslaus in 1419, he hoped that an extensions of the rights of the Estates of Bohemia would lead to a political renewal.

paragraph: In 1421, his cousin died without male offspring. Meinhard inherited the Lordship of Jindřichův Hradec ("Neuhaus" in German) and estates around Bílkov in Moravia. He moved to Jindřichův Hradec Castle. In July 1421, during the defense of Rabi Castle, he was taken prisoner by a Hussite army led by Jan Žižka and held for a while at Příběnice Castle.

paragraph: During the siege of Křemže in 1423, Žižka sent Captain Jan Hvězda of Vicemilic with some troops to take Telč, where Zdeňek of Sternberg acted as guardian of Meinhard's younger brothers John and Henry. Meinhard came to the rescue, with John of Guttenstein and other nobles and 3000 infantry. He defeated Jan Hvězda in battle, reportedly killing 300 Taborites.

paragraph: On 31 October 1425, Meinhard fought at Kamenice () against a Taborite army led by Andreas Prokop and . Afterwards, the Taborites devastated several Neuhaus possessions and the city of Počátky. In November 1426, Meinhard and Prokop agreed to a ceasefire. Around this time, Meinhard also reconciled with John of Neuhaus at Telč, the son of another nobleman with the same name, who legally owned half of Neuhaus. The father had been driven out of Neuhaus by Ulrich V and had fled to Telč.

paragraph: In 1427, Meinhard fought on the side of the Taborites, against the crusaders, who held their fourth crusade against the Hussites. The crusaders were defeated in the Battle of Tachov. In 1428, Meinhard arranged a meeting between the Hussite leader Prokop and King Sigismund.

paragraph: In 1431, Meinhard fought in the Battle of Domažlice, below Herštejn Castle at Kdyně. The Hussites again defeated the crusaders and the willingness to negotiate a peace deal grew among both the Catholics and the moderate Utraquists. Meinhard publicly distanced himself from the Taborites and at the Diet at Kutna Hora, he demanded that educated men be sent to the Council of Basel, where they should promote the acceptance of the Four Articles of Prague. The Taborites disagreed and then besieged the Catholic city of Plzeň, where the suffered a their final defeat in the 1434 Battle of Lipany.

paragraph: After King Sigismund's return to Bohemia, Meinhard with appointed colonel and Burgrave of Bohemia in 1437. He would hold the post of regent during Sigismund's absence. After Sigismund's death in December 1437, Meinhard supported the candidacy of his son Albert II as his successor. In 1438, Albert was crowned King of Bohemia. Meinhard fought on his side against the Tábor, which had opposed Albert's election. After Albert's death in October 1439, a delegation of nobles, including Meinhard, George of Poděbrady, Ulrich II of Rosenberg and Hynek Ptáček of Pirkstein offered the Bohemian crown to Duke Albert III of Bavaria, who turned the offer down.

paragraph: Thus, the Bohemian throne remained vacant. Albert's widow, Elizabeth of Luxembourg, claimed the throne on behalf of her son Ladislaus the Posthumous. A religious conflict broke out again, between Catholics and moderate Utraquists on one side and the strict Utraquists on the other side. The captain of the Old Bohemian Circle, George of Poděbrady, led the moderate Utraquists. In 1448, he captured Prague and its castle. He successfully used military pressure to have himself recognized as the new ruler of Bohemia.

paragraph: Meinhard was taken prisoner on 9 September 1448 in the Old Town of Prague. He was initially detained in the Old Town Hall. Later, he was taken to Poděbrady Castle. The office of High Burgrave of Bohemia was given to Zdeněk Konopišťský ze Šternberka. Meinhard's son Ulrich (died 1453) demanded his father's release in a letter dated 20 September 1448. George of Poděbrady refused, and indicated the Meinhard would be tried in a court of law.

paragraph: Meinhard fell ill during the subsequent civil strife and was released on 1 February 1449, under the condition that he should surrender to the court when summoned. He died two days later at Říčany, on his way to Karlstejn castle. His body was taken to Jindřichův Hradec, where he was buried.

paragraph: On 6 February 1449, the Alliance of Strakonice was formed. Its members included Henry IV of Rosenberg, Zajíc of Hasenburg, John of Lichtenburg, Zdeněk Konopišťský ze Šternberka, William the Younger of Ryzmberk and Zdeněk Kostka of Postupic. The alliance accused George of Poděbrady on 3 August 1450 of having poisoned Mainhard. This allegation was never proved.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Meinhard married Margaret of Walsee. They had three son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John ("Jan"), died in infancy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ulrich ("Oldrich") († 1453), married to Margaret of Pottenstein ("Markéta z Potštejn")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry ("Jindřich") died in infancy

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- František Teplý: "Dějiny města Jindřichova Hradce", vol. 1, part 1, Jindřichův Hradec, 1927 (includes genealogy)

description: Czech nobleman

wikidata_label: Meinhard of Neuhaus

wikipedia_title: Meinhard of Neuhaus


text: United Kingdom

text: House of Saud

text: Riyadh

text: Saudi Arabia

text: Prince Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

text: King Abdulaziz

text: Riyadh

text: BS

text: Georgetown University

text: MPA

text: John F. Kennedy School of Government

text: Harvard University

text: Saudi Arabia

text: Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu

text: Ministry of Foreign Affairs

text: Italy

text: Malta

text: United Kingdom

text: Ireland

text: London

text: The Queen's Jubilee luncheon

text: Windsor Castle

text: Al Arabiya

text: Khaled

text: Abdallah

text: The Dorchester

text: London

text: Prince Sultan

text: megayacht

text: Turkey

categories: Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni,Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Malta,Grandsons of Ibn Saud,Saudi Arabian diplomats,Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Italy,Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Ireland,Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to the United Kingdom,1953 births,John F. Kennedy School of Government alumni,Living people

paragraph: Mohammed bin Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz

paragraph: Mohammed bin Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: محمد بن نواف بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود; born 22 May 1953) and is a Saudi diplomat who had been Saudi Arabia's Ambassador to the United Kingdom in 2005-18. He is a member of the House of Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Prince Mohammed was born on 22 May 1953, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He is the eldest son of Prince Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the twenty-second son of King Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia. Prince Mohammed was educated at The Capital Institute High School in Riyadh. He has a BS degree from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, and an MPA degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. He is currently the President of the Harvard Alumni Association of Saudi Arabia.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Mohammed bin Nawaf worked as a researcher in the international relations department at the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu for two years before transferring to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in February 1984 where he first worked in the Minister’s Cabinet before being promoted to Inspector General at the Ministry.

paragraph: In 1995, Prince Mohammed was appointed as Ambassador to Italy and Malta. During his tenure, in 1998, he was elected as President of the Council of Administration for the Islamic Cultural Centre of Italy. He was also Dean of the Arab Ambassadors’ Corps.

paragraph: In December 2005, Prince Mohammed was appointed as the Saudi ambassador to the United Kingdom and Ireland. He is the president of the Saudi British Society in London and the chairman of the King Fahad Academy’s Board of Trustees. He was invited to and participated in The Queen's Jubilee luncheon organized at the Windsor Castle in May 2012, leading to criticisms of various human rights groups.

paragraph: He is also the chairman of the King Fahad Academy's board of trustees. He was among the columnists of "Al Arabiya".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Prince Mohammed bin Nawaf is married to Princess Fadwa bint Khaled bin Abdallah Al Saud. They have five children. His wife, Princess Fadwa is the honorary president of the Arab Italian Women's Association (AIWA), which was founded in May 2002 by Italian businesswomen and spouses of Saudi diplomats in Italy.

paragraph: A daughter of his, Madawi bint Mohammed, married Fahd bin Faisal bin Saud bin Mohammed at The Dorchester hotel in London on 24 January 2009. Fahd bin Faisal is a grandson of Itab bint Sultan, who was one of Prince Sultan’s favourite daughters. Prince Sultan arranged for a fleet of private jets to bring in 500 guests to the party, although he himself was not expected to attend. His son, Prince Mansoor, died in September 2009.

paragraph: Mohammed bin Nawwaf is reported to be known for his lavish spending habits. In 2009, he bought a new 65-meter (213-foot) megayacht, adding another to his fleet of yachts. It was named Nourah of Riyadh. It is the largest motoryacht built to date in Turkey. The megayacht features opulent interiors done by Donald Starkey with gold-plated fixtures including taps and toilet. The yacht consists of six guest staterooms, accommodations for 21 crew, 20-person dining hall, main hall, 1 captain cabin, a king room, jacuzzi, a private cinema, 120 square meters of sunbathing and swimming platform, two elevators and a helipad.

paragraph: In 2009, the Daily Mail reported that Mohammed bin Nawwaf was selling his five bedroom Mayfair mansion to another Saudi royal.

description: Saudi Ambassador to the UK; a member of House of Saud

wikidata_label: Mohammed bin Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz

wikipedia_title: Mohammed bin Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz


text:
Senegal
1965 All-Africa Games
Fatou Bintou Fall

categories: Senegalese male sprinters,1940 births,Living people,Olympic athletes of Senegal,African Games bronze medalists for Senegal,Sportspeople from Dakar,Athletes (track and field) at the 1965 All-Africa Games,Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics,African Games medalists in athletics (track and field),Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Amadou Gakou

paragraph: Amadou Gakou (born 25 March 1940) is a retired Senegalese sprinter. He competed in the 400 m event at the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics with the best achievement of fourth place in 1968, setting a national record at 45.01 seconds. He won a silver medal at the 1965 All-Africa Games.

paragraph: His sister is the grandmother of 400 metres runner Fatou Bintou Fall.

description: Senegalese sprinter

wikidata_label: Amadou Gakou

wikipedia_title: Amadou Gakou


text: German

text: composer

text: operetta

text: opera

text: Emmerich

text: Evelyn Künneke

text: Max Bruch

text: Odeon Records

text: Beethoven

text: Max Reinhardt

text: Goethe's

text: Faust

text: Der Vetter aus Dingsda

text: Wrocław

text: conductor

text: Franz Marszalek

text: Westdeutscher Rundfunk

text: Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra

text: Der Vetter aus Dingsda

text: Broadway

text: Włodzimierz Kamirski

text: Love Songs

text: Madame Pompadour

text: The Black Hussar

text: Frederica

text: The Page from the Dalmasse Hotel

text: Homecoming to Happiness

text: Three Bluejackets and a Blonde

text: The Voice of Love

text: The Cousin from Nowhere

text: The Accusing Song

text: When the Young Wine Blossoms

text: Wedding with Erika

text: The Cousin from Nowhere

text: Internet Broadway Database

categories: 1885 births,German classical composers,German male classical composers,Light music composers,1953 deaths,German opera composers,Male opera composers,People from Emmerich am Rhein

paragraph: Eduard Künneke

paragraph: Eduard Künneke (also seen as Edward and spelled Künnecke) (27 January 1885 – 27 October 1953) was a German composer of operettas, operas and theatre music. He was born in Emmerich. His daughter was the actress and singer Evelyn Künneke.

paragraph: Künneke studied musicology and literature in Berlin, and was also an advanced student of Max Bruch. He worked as a repetiteur and chorus master at a Berlin operetta theatre, the Neues Operettentheater am Schiffbauerdamm, but relinquished his post as chorus master after his opera "Robins Ende" (1909) was premiered in Mannheim and then received productions at 38 different German opera houses. From 1908 to 1910 he also worked as a music director for Odeon Records and conducted (without label credit) two of the earliest complete symphony recordings, the Beethoven Fifth and Sixth Symphonies with the "Grosses Odeon Streich-Orchester". Künneke later worked under Max Reinhardt and wrote incidental music for Reinhardt’s staging of Part Two of Goethe's "Faust".

paragraph: Künneke's graceful music is distinguished by its rhythm and striking harmonies. His best-known work is the 1921 operetta "Der Vetter aus Dingsda"; many of his songs are still familiar today.

paragraph: In 1926, when his operetta "Lady Hamilton" was premiered in Breslau (now Wrocław), he formed what would become a long friendship with the conductor Franz Marszalek. Marszalek was a dedicated advocate of Künneke's music, and during his tenure at the Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Cologne (1949–65) made numerous recordings of his works (many currently unavailable) with the Cologne Radio Orchestra and the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Operas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Robins Ende", 1909

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coeur As", 1913

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadja", 1931

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walther von der Vogelweide", 1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- Operettas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wenn Liebe erwacht", 1920

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Vetter aus Dingsda" (The Cousin from Nowhere), 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Ehe im Kreise", 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Verliebte Leute", 1922

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lady Hamilton", 1926

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Tenor der Herzogin", 1930

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Glückliche Reise", 1932

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die lockende Flamme", 1933

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die große Sünderin", 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zauberin Lola", 1937

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hochzeit in Samarkand", 1938

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hochzeit mit Erika", 1949

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broadway musicals

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Love Song", 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mayflowers", 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orchestral

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Concerto No. 1 in A flat major, op. 36; Recorded on Koch Schwann CD 3-1372-2 (1997) with Tiny Wirtz, piano; Rundfunkorchester Des Sudwestfunks led by Włodzimierz Kamirski

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jazz Suite for jazz band and orchestra, 1929

paragraph: Film

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Songs" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madame Pompadour" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Hussar" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frederica" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Page from the Dalmasse Hotel" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Homecoming to Happiness" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Bluejackets and a Blonde" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Voice of Love" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cousin from Nowhere" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Accusing Song" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "When the Young Wine Blossoms" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wedding with Erika" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cousin from Nowhere" (1953)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: This article is a translation of the article on in the German-language Wikipedia.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/edward-knneke-5164 (Eduard Künneke at the Internet Broadway Database)

description: German composer (b. 1885)

wikidata_label: Eduard Künneke

wikipedia_title: Eduard Künneke


text:
California Attorney General
Placer County, California
Auburn
Brief biography with picture

categories: California Attorneys General,People from Auburn, California,1827 births,1904 deaths

paragraph: Jo Hamilton (politician)

paragraph: Jo Hamilton (1827–1904) was a California lawyer and politician eho among his roles served as California Attorney General 1867-1871 and again 1875-1880. He also served as Trustee of the State Library, 1874-82. He was a pioneer lawyer of Placer County, California where he served as District Attorney in 1860 and again 1862 and he was also listed as a leading Democrat of California and was one of the best known lawyers of his time. After retiring, he continued to practice law in Auburn, Placer County.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brief biography with picture

description: politician

wikidata_label: Jo Hamilton

wikipedia_title: Jo Hamilton (politician)


text:
college football
baseball
Texas
Summerton, South Carolina
fullback
punter
Furman Paladins
Furman University
captain
Charles Roller
All-Southern team
Atlanta Constitution
South Carolina
NC State
1902 College Football All-Southern Team

categories: American football fullbacks,People from Lockhart, Texas,American football punters,Players of American football from South Carolina,All-Southern college football players,People from Clarendon County, South Carolina,1961 deaths,1883 births,Furman Paladins baseball players,Furman Paladins football players

paragraph: A. T. Sublett

paragraph: Alvah Tindal Sublett (May 11, 1883 – September 23, 1961) was a college football and baseball player.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Though born in Texas, he grew up in Summerton, South Carolina.

paragraph: Section::::Furman.

paragraph: Sublett was a prominent fullback and punter for the Furman Paladins of Furman University, captain of the 1901 and 1902 teams coached by Charles Roller.

paragraph: He was selected for the All-Southern team of the "Atlanta Constitution" in 1902, a season in which Furman defeated South Carolina. Furman also defeated NC State (then North Carolina A & M) that year 5 to 2, "Captain Sublett, of the Furman team, really won the game with sensational kick of goal. Furman's football program was abolished for a decade after 1902.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902 College Football All-Southern Team

description: American gridiron football player

wikidata_label: A. T. Sublett

wikipedia_title: A. T. Sublett


text:
3G Capital
Burger King
H.J. Heinz Company
Anheuser-Busch InBev
Lojas Americanas
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Forbes

categories: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro alumni,1948 births,Brazilian businesspeople,Businesspeople from São Paulo,Brazilian billionaires,Living people

paragraph: Carlos Alberto Sicupira

paragraph: Carlos Alberto Sicupira (born 1948) is a Brazilian businessman, a partner in 3G Capital, which owns or has major stakes in Burger King, H.J. Heinz Company, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Lojas Americanas.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Carlos Alberto Sicupira was born in Brazil. He has a degree from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: According to "Forbes", he has an estimated net worth of $8.3 billion in June 2019.

paragraph: Most of Sicupira's wealth comes from his shares of Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world's largest brewer, in which he owns about a 3% stake.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He is married and has three children.

description: businessman

wikidata_label: Carlos Alberto Sicupira

wikipedia_title: Carlos Alberto Sicupira


text: YouTuber

text: blogger

text: consumer tech

text: Wigan

text: Greater Manchester

text: Billboard magazine

text: The Daily Telegraph

text: Gizmodo

text: ratings

text: Reddit

text: MarketWatch

text: YouTube Channel

text: binge-watching

text: dashcams

text: affiliate marketing

text: Amazon Services

text: Patreon

text: outro

text: muppet

text: Gizmodo

text: Hackaday

text: Popular Mechanics

text: Piaggio MP3

text: magnetic tape

text: OMNI Entertainment System

text: 8-track tape

text: HiPac

text: PlayTape

text: Picocassette

text: Cantata 700

text: Sabamobil

text: Sanyo Micro Pack 35

text: RCA tape cartridge

text: Elcaset

text: Compact Cassette

text: autoreverse

text: endless loop cassettes

text: vinyl recording

text: Tefifon

text: Seeburg 1000

text: CX

text: dbx

text: Curta calculator

text: Nixie tube

text: wire recording

text: WikiReader

text: Techmoan YouTube Channel

text: Techmoan Website

categories: English YouTubers,Comedy YouTubers,Male YouTubers,YouTube channels launched in 2009,1971 births,Technical YouTubers,Living people

paragraph: Techmoan

paragraph: Techmoan is a YouTuber and blogger active since May 2009, featuring consumer tech reviews and "RetroTech" documentaries. He lives in Wigan, Greater Manchester.

paragraph: Apart from reviews and tests, videos often include taking products apart and, in the case of older technology, going over the product's history plus reception via references in publications of the time; for audio and entertainment devices this is often Billboard magazine, which at the time covered both consumer and trade electronics devices through articles and old advertisements. His statements have been quoted by The Daily Telegraph and Gizmodo. By ratings on Reddit, MarketWatch listed the YouTube Channel 6th in its "binge-watching" top ten.

paragraph: Current product reviews on miscellaneous tech items, mainly on consumer products like action and dashcams, sometimes sponsored or donated, participating the affiliate marketing associates program of Amazon Services LLC, and a Patreon membership keep the channel alive.

paragraph: Bonus outro skits often feature a trio of muppet-like puppets voiced by Mat, and frequently skewer the inanity and pedantry of YouTube viewer comments.

paragraph: His videos are referenced by sites such as AVclub, Gizmodo, Hackaday, El Español and Popular Mechanics.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: In 2006, Mat started a YouTube channel called "Vectrexuk", with videos of similar tech items like installing a home cinema and controlled toasters "just to prove a point that people will watch anything on YouTube".

paragraph: The Channel "Techmoan" started on May 31, 2009, uploading a tour of a 2009 Piaggio MP3, taken at 480p and very basic sound quality. For additional non-tech videos, in 2015 he started another Channel, called the "Youtube Pedant". As of June 2019, the main channel has over 780,000 subscribers and over 158 million views. Some videos have had over 3 million views.

paragraph: Section::::Later documentary videos.

paragraph: Documentary videos about forgotten magnetic tape recording formats show the OMNI Entertainment System which used 8-track tape storage, the HiPac, a successor of the PlayTape and related applications of it. Other videos show some of the smallest and largest analog recording tape cardridges ever made like the Picocassette for dictation machines or Cantata 700 background music system. Further videos show other former ¼-inch-tape cartridge formats like the Sabamobil which used existing 3-inch open reels for mobile use, and the portable Sanyo Micro Pack 35. as well as the RCA tape cartridge and the Sony Elcaset with another compromise of playtime and sound quality, oddities and gimmicks on Compact Cassettes as "reinventing the reel", several ways of autoreverse, automatic multiple cassette players, endless loop cassettes, and cassette mass production technology.

paragraph: Documentary on formats of vinyl recording show the Tefifon endless cartridge, or the Seeburg 1000 background music system, vertical turntables, and other audio encodings CX and dbx for noise reduction on vinyl analog recording.

paragraph: Further documentaries show the mechanical Curta calculator, devices with Nixie tube displays, wire recording, and the WikiReader.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Techmoan YouTube Channel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Techmoan Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Techmoan - Not the 10th Anniversary Show with an about introduction

description: British technology YouTube channel

wikidata_label: Techmoan

wikipedia_title: Techmoan


text:
Iranian
grand vizier
Safavid
shah
Abbas I
Safi
Abbas II
Sayyid
Marashi
Mazandaran
Mohammad Beg
Isfahan
Shah Nimatullah
Nimatullahi
Khalifeh sayyids
Marashi
Amol
Shah Abbas I
Khayr al-Nisa Begum
Mohammad Khodabanda
Mir-i Buzurg
Iskandar Munshi
Mirza Qavam al-Din Mohammad
Tabriz
Baghdad
captured
Basra
Nowruz
Georgia
convent
Carmelites
Catholic religious order
martyr
Augustinian
Shiraz
Portuguese
Safi
Qom
Mecca
shaykh
Saru Taqi
Abbas II
Dutch
Sufism
Nasrabadi
Bost
Qandahar
Golnabad
Yazd
madrasa
Qazvin
Mazandaran
Najaf
Iraq
Mohammad Beg
Muslim
Armenian
ulama
Mirza Sayyed Hasan
Shah Suleiman I
Shah Soltan Hossein
Mirza Mohammad Karaki
qurchi-bashi

categories: Khalifeh family,People from Amol,Shahristani family,17th-century Iranian people,Grand Viziers of the Safavid Empire,16th-century people of the Safavid Empire,1654 deaths,1590s births

paragraph: Khalifeh Soltan

paragraph: Sayyed Ala alddin Hosseyn Al-Hosseyni Marashi Amoli (), better known as Khalifeh Soltan (), and also known as Sultan al-Ulama Amoli (), was an Iranian statesman and cleric, who served as the grand vizier of the Safavid king ("shah") Abbas I (r. 1588–1629), the latter's grandson Safi (r. 1629–1642), and Abbas II (r. 1642–1666).

paragraph: A member of a prominent Sayyid family with origins in the royal Marashi family of Mazandaran, Khalifeh Soltan was a well-educated man of letters, who played an important role in the Iranian clergy affairs, and also later in the Safavid administration, when he was appointed as grand vizier in 1623/4.

paragraph: He was, however, in 1632, disgraced and exiled by the ruthless newly-crowned shah Safi. Later, in 1645, Khalifeh Soltan was re-appointed as grand vizier by the latter's son and successor, Abbas II, whom he became a close companion of, and gained considerable influence. Khalifeh Soltan later died in 5 March 1654 in his ancestral homeland of Mazandaran due to illness, and was succeeded by Mohammad Beg.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Khalifeh Soltan was born in ca. 1592/3 in Isfahan, where he grew up; his father Mirza Rafi al-Din Muhammad was a prominent aristocrat who occupied high offices in the Safavid Empire, and belonged to a family known as the "Shahristani sayyids", which was descended from Shah Nimatullah, the founder of the Nimatullahi order. Khalifeh Soltan's mother belonged to a family known as the "Khalifeh sayyids", a family of Marashi of Amol descent, whose ancestor, Amir Nezam al-Din, was forced to settle in the Golbar quarter in the 15th-century. Khalifeh Soltan was thus related to Shah Abbas I, whose mother was Khayr al-Nisa Begum, a Marashi princess who had fled to the Safavid court and married the previous Safavid shah Mohammad Khodabanda (r. 1578–1587).

paragraph: Even though the Khalifeh sayyid family was renowned of being descendants of the celebrated Marashi ruler Mir-i Buzurg (r. 1359–1362), they still weren't one of the leading families of Isfahan yet. But they were still affluent and distinguished enough to intermarry with local well-known families. According to the Safavid court historian Iskandar Munshi, "The Khalifeh family had held estates in the Isfahan area for generations."

paragraph: Khalifeh Soltan had a brother named Mirza Qavam al-Din Mohammad, who later, like himself and their father, would occupy high offices.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:First term as grand vizier (1623/4-1632).

paragraph: On November 28, 1607, Khalifeh Soltan married shah Abbas I's third daughter, Khan-Agha Begum. After the marriage, Khalifeh Soltan asked for the governorship of Tabriz as an outcome of the cheerful circumstance, which was, however, declined. This demonstrates Khalifeh Soltan's early passion in getting a role in the state bureaucracy.

paragraph: Khalifeh Soltan was later in 1623/4 appointed by the shah as his grand vizier. When Khalifeh Soltan became grand vizier, Baghdad had recently been captured, while a Safavid army was marching towards Basra to capture it. Furthermore, during this period, the Armenians suffered from persecutions by Abbas I. In late 1624, after celebrating Nowruz, Abbas I left for Georgia to suppress a rebellion, thus leaving the young Khalifeh Soltan in Isfahan, to take care of the Safavid affairs.

paragraph: On 24 March 1626, an event occurred that "portended tragedy and turned to comedy". On that day, Khalifeh Soltan, who was still new to the grand vizier post, sent 200 soldiers to the convent of the Carmelites, a Catholic religious order. The soldiers inspected the convent, and then beat the monks and took them to Khalifeh Soltan. The monks thought they were going to be killed, and supposedly were excited that they were going to be martyred.

paragraph: However, this was not the case; Khalifeh Soltan, enraged by his soldiers treatment of the monks, threatened to kill the officer who led the soldiers. The monks, however, urged Khalifeh Soltan to spare him, which he did. Khalifeh Soltan and his officials then began asking the monks several questions about Christianity. He then discovered that the monks were not Augustinian monks, whom he had been advised to move to Shiraz, "because of Portuguese at Basra, which were considered contrary to Persian interests." He then let the Carmelites go.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Dismissal and exile.

paragraph: Abbas I died in 1629 and was succeeded by his grandson Safi, who in 1632 executed and exiled most of the officers who had served his grandfather, which included Khalifeh Soltan, who was dismissed on February 14 and thereafter exiled to Qom, while his four sons, who belonged to the Safavid royal house through their mother, were blinded. During his exile in Qom, he focused in expertise and making observations on several valuable texts. According to the person who edited the "Dastur al-wuzarā", Khalifeh Soltan was the composer of that work, which was written between 1645–1654. In 1638/9, Khalifeh Soltan may have returned to Isfahan. However, it is known that by 1645 he was living in the city, after having performed a pilgrimage to Mecca. During his pilgrimage, he had met Ottaqi Efendi, the shaykh of Mecca, who described him as a "man of great scholarship and perspicacity", and someone with whom he had had "many enjoyable sessions of learned discussions".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Second term as grand vizier (1645–1654).

paragraph: On 11 October 1645, the grand vizier Saru Taqi was murdered under the orders of Abbas II, who appointed Khalifeh Soltan as his grand vizier on October 14. Khalifeh Soltan had at first declined the offer, but quickly alter accepted. His established bureaucratic proficiency and past knowledge were definitely the deciding factors in this reappointment, albeit it may be possible that Abbas II recalled him into duty in part with the goal of compressing the discontent about the scarcity of the positions given to men of religion under his predecessor. The Dutch trader Winninx, who was in Isfahan for transactions with the royal court at that time, commented the following about the situation; "He first refused to accept the post claiming to be too old and not competent enough to carry out the task. However, everybody expected him to accept the function. Khalifeh Soltan was universally liked and considered to be an upright person."

paragraph: Khalifeh Soltan's actions during his second term as grand vizier are much better described and unveils a complex identity. Committing up to his notoriety as a dedicated man and a cleric, he started his second term with an operation countering "sinful behaviour", which targeted betting, prostitution, and wine drinking-activities that were normal in coffeehouses and taverns. The operation was mainly aimed against well-known forms of Sufism, but did not stop Khalifeh Soltan from showing (more virtuous) mystical tendencies, or from becoming one of Abbas II's close companions after the shah started drinking in 1649/50. The contemporary Persian historian Nasrabadi implies that Khalifeh Soltan was forced to drink against his will by the shah, which is probable. A year earlier (1648), Khalifeh Soltan had accompanied Abbas II during his expedition against the Mughals, which ended in a victory for the Safavids, who managed to capture Bost and Qandahar.

paragraph: Khalifeh Soltan is also said to have assembled constant public gatherings for people with appeals and gripes, a routine that was canceled under his successors. He additionally demonstrated to be an insightful diplomat with the deputies of the foreign naval companies. Khalifeh Soltan was chosen as a representative for the wealthy and pure-blooded Iranian clerical elite. He possessed the village of Golnabad on the road linking Isfahan and Yazd, and he had an important madrasa constructed in Qazvin.

paragraph: After having been ill for 40 days, Khalifeh Soltan died on 5 March 1654 in Mazandaran, the homeland of his ancestors. His body was then taken to Najaf in Iraq, where he was buried. He was succeeded by Mohammad Beg, a Muslim of Armenian origin.

paragraph: Section::::Offspring.

paragraph: Khalifeh Soltan's four sons, whom were all blinded in 1632 by Safi, were due to this not able to hold any post. They did, however, become renowned "ulama". One of these sons, Mirza Sayyed Hasan, was one of the most dominant "ulama" of his time. He had married the Safavid princess Zobeydeh Khanum, who was the daughter of the later Shah Suleiman I (r. 1666–1694), and the sister of Shah Soltan Hossein (r. 1694–1722). She bore him Mirza Mohammad Baqer and Mir Sayyed Morteza, who both served as the "sadr-i khasseh" and "sadr-i mamalik" under their cousin Soltan Hossein.

paragraph: Khalifeh Soltan also had several daughters—in 1651/2, one of his daughters married the son of the minister of religion ("sadr-i mamalik") Mirza Mohammad Karaki. Another daughter was married to Mirza Mohsen Razavi, whilst a third one was married to the "qurchi-bashi" Morteza Qoli Khan Shamlu.

description: Safavid vizier

wikidata_label: Khalifa Sultan

wikipedia_title: Khalifeh Soltan


text: French Revolutionary Wars

text: Napoleonic Wars

text: French Royal Army

text: American Revolutionary War

text: War of the Pyrenees

text: general officer

text: War in the Vendée

text: Army of the Rhine

text: Stockach

text: Messkirch

text: Biberach

text: André Masséna

text: Caldiero

text: 1806 Invasion of Naples

text: Maida

text: Modena

text: Crest

text: Drôme

text: France

text: Montpellier

text: Siege of Yorktown

text: corporal

text: sergeant

text: sergeant major

text: adjutant

text: Landes

text: War of the Pyrenees

text: Battle of Sans Culotte Camp

text: Army of the Western Pyrenees

text: general of brigade

text: Jean-Antoine Marbot

text: Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey

text: Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne

text: Émigré

text: Battle of the Baztan Valley

text: Fuenterrabia

text: San Sebastián

text: Marshal

text: Napoleon

text: First French Empire

text: Henri François Delaborde

text: Sextius Alexandre François de Miollis

text: Pierre Hugues Victoire Merle

text: Jean Maximilien Lamarque

text: Jean Isidore Harispe

text: Jean Castelbert de Castelverd

text: Peace of Basel

text: Army of the West

text: War in the Vendée

text: Vendée

text: François de Charette

text: Saint-Fulgent

text: Jean-Pierre Travot

text: Jean-Nicolas Stofflet

text: Lazare Hoche

text: Charente-Inférieure

text: Deux-Sèvres

text: Chouan

text: Le Mans

text: Sarthe

text: Army of the Rhine

text: Jean Victor Marie Moreau

text: Battle of Stockach-Engen

text: Pierre François Joseph Durutte

text: Antoine Richepanse

text: Battle of Messkirch

text: Paul Kray

text: Ignaz Gyulai

text: Danube

text: Sigmaringen

text: Battle of Biberach

text: Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr

text: Biberach an der Riss

text: Jean François Cornu de La Poype

text: Gotthard Pass

text: Jean Thomas Guillaume Lorge

text: Guillaume Brune

text: Army of Italy

text: Bormio

text: Valtellina

text: Riva del Garda

text: Battle of Pozzolo

text: Légion d'Honneur

text: War of the Third Coalition

text: André Masséna

text: Jean-Antoine Verdier

text: Adige

text: Verona

text: Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen

text: Paul Davidovich

text: Battle of Caldiero

text: Grenz infantry

text: Joseph Armand von Nordmann

text: 1806 invasion of Naples

text: Battle of Maida

text: Jean Reynier

text: Louis Fursy Henri Compère

text: Luigi Gaspare Peyri

text: Lowry Cole

text: Wroth Palmer Acland

text: John Oswald

text: War of the Fifth Coalition

text: Modena

categories: French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars,French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars,French generals,People from Drôme,1763 births

paragraph: Antoine Digonet

paragraph: Antoine Digonet (23 January 1763 – 17 March 1811) commanded a French brigade during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. He joined the French Royal Army and fought in the American Revolutionary War as a foot soldier. In 1792 he was appointed officer of a volunteer battalion. He fought the Spanish in the War of the Pyrenees and was promoted to general officer. Later he was transferred to fight French royalists in the War in the Vendée. In 1800 he was assigned to the Army of the Rhine and led a brigade at Stockach, Messkirch and Biberach. Shortly after, he was transferred to Italy. In 1805 he fought under André Masséna at Caldiero. He participated in the 1806 Invasion of Naples and led his troops against the British at Maida where his brigade put up a sturdy resistance. After briefly serving in the 1809 war, he took command of Modena and died there of illness in 1811. He never married.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: On 23 January 1763 Digonet was born at Crest, a town in what later became the Drôme department in southeastern France. Son of surgeon Joseph Digonet, he was sent to study medicine at Montpellier. He soon quit school, enlisted in the "Île-de-France" Regiment when he was 16 years old and was shipped off to America in the army of Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau. He was wounded in the leg during the Siege of Yorktown in 1781. Continuing in the service, he advanced in rank to corporal in January 1787, sergeant in October 1789 and finally to sergeant major in 1792.

paragraph: Section::::French Revolution.

paragraph: In October 1792 he was appointed adjutant major in the 2nd Battalion of the "Landes" Volunteers. On 1 May 1793 he was named to command the 4th Battalion of "Landes" Volunteers. He took part in several actions against the Spanish during the War of the Pyrenees. On 5 February 1794 he was wounded in the right arm at the Battle of Sans Culotte Camp. In this action, a Spanish army of 13,000 infantry and 700 cavalry and gunners was repulsed by Louis Dubouquet and the "Army of the Western Pyrenees" after a seven-hour struggle. On 14 April 1794 Digonet received promotion to general of brigade and was assigned to the division led by Jean-Antoine Marbot.

paragraph: On 10 July 1794, Digonet led 4,000 troops in action at Monte Arquinzu. Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey planned to surround the position, which was apparently his favorite tactic. Digonet was supposed to mount a frontal attack while a second column led by Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne cut off the enemy's retreat. In the event, Digonet attacked too soon but his adversaries were nevertheless beaten and forced to flee. The defenders included one battalion each of the Spanish "Zamora" Infantry Regiment and the French Émigré "Royal Legion". The enemy suffered 314 casualties while their commander Claude-Anne de Rouvroy de Saint Simon was shot in the chest but survived and escaped. Not as lucky were 49 captured French Royalists who were executed according to the policy of the French Revolutionary government. The next major operation was the Battle of the Baztan Valley on 23 July followed by the seizure of Fuenterrabia on 1 August with 2,000 prisoners and 200 cannons. Moncey continued west to capture San Sebastián on 2 August, capturing another 1,700 Spanish troops and 90 artillery pieces. Digonet participated in all three combats.

paragraph: The "Army of the Western Pyrenees" only contributed one Marshal to Napoleon's First French Empire and that was Moncey. For the most part, the army did not have very distinguished soldiers. Of the army's division commanders, only Henri François Delaborde had long service under Napoleon. The better-known officers were Digonet, Sextius Alexandre François de Miollis, Pierre Hugues Victoire Merle, Jean Maximilien Lamarque and Jean Isidore Harispe. Jean Castelbert de Castelverd fell into disgrace in 1796. After the Peace of Basel in 1795, the army was broken up and a column of 10,955 set out to join the "Army of the West" to fight the War in the Vendée.

paragraph: Digonet was among those transferred to the Vendée. In the 1795–96 campaign, his troops defeated François de Charette's insurgents near Saint-Fulgent and forced them to flee. Later Charette was captured by Jean-Pierre Travot's troops. Digonet also beat Jean-Nicolas Stofflet's band. After Lazare Hoche pacified the rebellious regions he gave Digonet high praise in his report to the French government. In 1796–98, Digonet commanded the departments of Charente-Inférieure and Deux-Sèvres. In the subsequent Chouan revolt, he forced Louis-Auguste-Victor, Count de Ghaisnes de Bourmont's insurrectionists to abandon Le Mans and recaptured a large number of cannons after beating a second rebel group in the Sarthe department.

paragraph: In 1800 Digonet was assigned to the "Army of the Rhine" under Jean Victor Marie Moreau and fought at the Battle of Stockach-Engen. Digonet and Pierre François Joseph Durutte were the two brigadiers in the division of Antoine Richepanse in the Army Reserve. The division was made up of the 4th, 50th and 100th Line Infantry Demi Brigades, the 13th Cavalry, 17th Dragoon and 5th Hussar Regiments and a combined grenadier battalion for a total of 6,848 foot and 1,187 horse. At the Battle of Messkirch on 5 May 1800, Moreau brought the Reserve into action late in the day. Austrian commander Paul Kray launched an attack that threatened to cut the Stockach road. Richepanse arrived on the battlefield and took Ignaz Gyulai's division in flank, driving it back. Kray gave up his effort to break down the French flank and retreated to the Danube at Sigmaringen. Digonet was present at the Battle of Biberach on 9 May. While Moreau took charge of the left wing, Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr took his own corps plus the Reserve and attacked the Austrians at Biberach an der Riss. The move was successful and the French captured the Austrian supply base in the city.

paragraph: Digonet was reassigned to lead a brigade in Jean François Cornu de La Poype's division and sent to Italy via the Gotthard Pass. The divisions of La Poype and Jean Thomas Guillaume Lorge were part of Moncey's corps as of 24 May 1800. In December, Digonet led a brigade consisting of the 67th Line Infantry Demi Brigade and a unit of converged grenadiers in a division commanded by Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau. This was in Guillaume Brune's "Army of Italy". During these operations, Digonet drove the Austrians from the town of Bormio in the Valtellina. In support of Brune's campaign, he and his brigade cleared 800 Tyrolese by surprise from two mountain passes on 23 December 1800 and entered Riva del Garda. Brune won the Battle of Pozzolo on 25 December 1800.

paragraph: Section::::Empire.

paragraph: After Napoleon became emperor, Digonet was made a member of the Légion d'Honneur on 16 October 1803. He was made a commander of the Légion d'Honneur on 14 June 1804. In the War of the Third Coalition he was assigned to lead troops in André Masséna's "Army of Italy". He commanded the 1st Brigade in Jean-Antoine Verdier's division, consisting of three battalions each of the 23rd Light and the 10th Line Infantry Regiments. In late October 1805, Masséna massed 23,400 foot, 700 horse and 72 guns on the east bank of the Adige River near Verona with Verdier's 6,600 foot and 1,000 horse on the west bank. The French were outnumbered by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen who had 44,000 infantry and 6,500 cavalry. Under orders from Napoleon to keep Charles occupied, Masséna determined to attack. While making a frontal assault with his east bank troops, the French general planned to have Verdier cross the Adige and attack the Austrian left flank. Complicating the situation, Paul Davidovich was downstream with 10,000 more Austrians.

paragraph: In the Battle of Caldiero on 30 October, Verdier put one infantry regiment across the river, but when Davidovich made a threatening move, he was compelled to hold the bulk of his men on the west bank while the two armies fought a drawn battle. On the 31st, Verdier managed to get his entire division across the Adige and launched his attack around noon. Digonet's brigade on the right drove back a screen of Grenz infantry but was then counterattacked by Joseph Armand von Nordmann's division. Nordmann was wounded but his soldiers pushed Digonet's men back after a musketry duel. Verdier tried to send help from his left brigade, but that unit was beaten and compelled to retreat toward the river crossing site. Disaster loomed until a regiment of Chasseurs à Cheval charged the Austrians, keeping them from crushing Verdier's division. The combat ended at 5:00 PM that afternoon.

paragraph: Digonet participated in the 1806 invasion of Naples. At the Battle of Maida on 4 July 1806, Digonet led a brigade in Jean Reynier's division. His command included two battalions of the 1,266-strong 23rd Light Infantry Regiment, 328 sabers of the 9th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment and several artillery pieces manned by 112 gunners. Reynier's division attacked the British with brigades under Louis Fursy Henri Compère and Luigi Gaspare Peyri echeloned forward by the left. Compère's charge was met by devastating British musketry and dispersed with heavy losses. Many of Peyri's troops became involved in the rout though a Swiss battalion kept its order and rallied on Digonet's brigade. Enemy brigades under Lowry Cole, Wroth Palmer Acland and John Oswald converged on Digonet's troops but were stopped when the 9th Chasseurs made a series of partial charges, forcing the British to deploy into squares. Finally, a newly arrived British regiment broke the stalemate by attacking from a new direction and Digonet conducted a retreat.

paragraph: Digonet held a command in Italy in August 1809 during the War of the Fifth Coalition. Assigned to command at Modena, he was stricken with disease and died there on 17 March 1811, unmarried and childless.

wikidata_label: Antoine Digonet

wikipedia_title: Antoine Digonet