text:
drummer
Rocket from the Crypt
The Special Goodness
The Offspring
Angels & Airwaves
Social Distortion
Danko Jones
Against Me!
San Diego
California
rock
Rocket from the Crypt
soul
Otis Redding
James Brown
punk-rock
rock 'n' roll
Hot Charity
Scream, Dracula, Scream!
RFTC
EP
United States
Europe
box truck
airport shuttle
Speedo
Mario Rubalcaba
Riot Fest
Fun Fun Fun Fest
Weezer
Alkaline Trio
music video
Patrick Wilson
The Special Goodness
guitar
Moth
Provisions, Fiction and Gear
Land Air Sea
Melissa Auf der Maur
Auf der Maur
The Offspring
Ron Welty
Josh Freese
Splinter
music video
(Can't Get My) Head Around You
Angels & Airwaves
Greatest Hits
Can't Repeat
The Police
Next to You
Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace
Face to Face
Pete Parada
Dexter Holland
Tom DeLonge
Shave Magazine
Box Car Racer
Hazen Street
David Kennedy
Distillers
bassist
Ryan Sinn
We Don't Need to Whisper
"Billboard" 200
The Adventure
It Hurts
Do It for Me Now
The War
I-Empire
Everything's Magic
Secret Crowds
Breathe
Love
Charlie Quintana
Social Distortion
Fu Manchu
Scott Reeder
Matt Skiba
Alkaline Trio
Danko Jones
Against Me!
Laura Jane Grace
drum kit
snare drum
tom-toms
floor tom
bass drum
cymbal
Zildjian
hi-hats
crash cymbal
ride cymbal
EP
Angels & Airwaves official website

categories: Angels & Airwaves members,Musicians from San Diego,Against Me! members,20th-century American drummers,American male drummers,The Offspring members,Social Distortion members,1973 births,American punk rock drummers,Rocket from the Crypt members,Living people,The Special Goodness members

paragraph: Atom Willard

paragraph: Adam David "Atom" Willard (born August 15, 1973) is an American drummer who has been a member of several notable musical acts. Willard's drumming career began in 1990 when he joined Rocket from the Crypt, with whom he remained until 2000. Subsequently, he joined The Special Goodness, The Offspring, and in 2005 became a founding member of Angels & Airwaves. In 2007 his departure from The Offspring was announced so Willard could focus on his work with Angels & Airwaves, and in April 2009 he also joined Social Distortion, but left the following March. In June 2011, he joined the band Danko Jones and in October 2011 he announced his amicable departure from Angels & Airwaves. He is currently the drummer for Against Me!.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:1990–2000, 2011, 2013, 2014: Rocket from the Crypt.

paragraph: Willard joined the San Diego, California rock band Rocket from the Crypt in 1990, after their original drummer Sean had moved away from San Diego. In a 2006 interview Willard recalled of the experience:

paragraph: It was crazy, man. I was just 16, I would drive down to this kind of sketchy, strange rehearsal space in this part of town I'd never been, and there were people living in some of the spaces. It was just "weird", and everybody was older than me. But the sound was rad. It was a lot of soul, a lot of Otis Redding, James Brown–but it was up against a serious punk-rock influence, and just regular rock 'n' roll. Every song had four personalities!

paragraph: Willard performed on Rocket from the Crypt's second album "" (1992) and subsequent albums "Hot Charity" (1995), "Scream, Dracula, Scream!" (1995), and "RFTC" (1998), as well as numerous EPs and singles. During his years with the band he toured the United States and Europe. Willard recalls several wild tour experiences with the group such as touring in a box truck and an airport shuttle, both at his suggestion. In 2000, however, he decided to leave the group due to disagreements with the other members over the band's direction:

paragraph: I was getting disillusioned with the way we were doing business. It was getting harder and harder to survive–those tours where you'd come home with no money, that was getting less cool. [Laughs.] I didn't just want to get some temp job to survive and go on tour anymore. I wanted to play the drums; I wanted to play music and make a living off of it. And I thought I could. And "we all" could. I wanted some changes and Speedo and I were kind of at odds on that stuff; we disagreed on how we should go about it.

paragraph: Willard was replaced in Rocket from the Crypt's lineup by Mario Rubalcaba.

paragraph: In October 2011, he reunited with Rocket From the Crypt to perform the song "He's a Chef" on the children's television show Yo Gabba Gabba. In September 2013 he played 3 shows with the band for Riot Fest. In November 2014 he played with the band at Fun Fun Fun Fest in Austin, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2000–2003: The Special Goodness and temporary acts.

paragraph: After leaving Rocket from the Crypt Willard served as a drum technician for Weezer. In 2000 he filled in as a touring drummer for the Alkaline Trio and appeared with them in the music video for the single "Private Eye". He soon joined Weezer drummer Patrick Wilson in his side project The Special Goodness, in which Willard drummed while Wilson sang and played guitar. Willard also filled in with Moth in 2002 for tours in support of their third album "Provisions, Fiction and Gear" and appeared in their music video for "I See Sound". Willard's first recorded output with The Special Goodness was 2003's "Land Air Sea". The band have not released an album since then, but announced in November 2007 that they would be entering a studio to record new material for a future album. Willard also recorded drum tracks for the songs "Head Unbound" and "Would If I Could" on Melissa Auf der Maur's debut solo album "Auf der Maur" (2004).

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2003–2005: The Offspring.

paragraph: In 2003 Willard became an official member of The Offspring, replacing long-time drummer Ron Welty who had left the group earlier that year. During Willard's tenure with the group he performed on numerous tours but did not perform on any officially released studio recordings. Professional drummer Josh Freese had recorded the drum tracks for the band's 2003 album "Splinter" after Welty left the group. Willard joined shortly before the album's release and appeared with them in the music video for the single "(Can't Get My) Head Around You". However, in 2005 he became a founding member of Angels & Airwaves (see below), and his commitments to the new group began to draw him away from The Offspring. The Offspring released a "Greatest Hits" compilation in 2005 including two new songs, "Can't Repeat" and a cover of The Police's "Next to You"., though Willard appeared with the band in the "Can't Repeat" music video. In July 2007 it was officially announced that he had left The Offspring to focus on Angels & Airwaves. Freese again recorded drum tracks for The Offspring for "Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace" (2008) before it was officially announced that Willard's permanent replacement would be former Face to Face drummer Pete Parada. Offspring singer Dexter Holland later commented:

paragraph: The simple truth is that Atom had been working on a few of his own projects during our down time, including Angels & Airwaves but other things too. We think that's great. Unfortunately, in order for him to see those things through he isn't left with enough time to devote to future Offspring stuff. It was a tough choice, but we understand. Atom's been a great drummer for us and we're sure Pete will be great too!

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2005–2011: Angels & Airwaves.

paragraph: While The Offspring took a "touring hiatus" in 2006, Willard joined Tom DeLonge in his new group Angels & Airwaves. In an interview with Shave Magazine, he said that felt the collective experience of all the members of the band made joining very easy for him. "There’s nobody trying to figure out what is and what isn’t going to work, not just for themselves but for music and for a band, what life’s going to be like on the road and all that kind of stuff. Everybody had enough experience to just buckle down and do the work. It really has made it easier than anything else." DeLonge remarked that Willard "has always felt to me like the single largest score in music. He is a loyal, honest and humble friend, but an even better showman." The band, which also included former Box Car Racer/Hazen Street guitarist David Kennedy and former Distillers bassist Ryan Sinn, released their debut album "We Don't Need to Whisper" in May 2006. It peaked at #4 on the "Billboard" 200 and spawned several successful singles including "The Adventure", "It Hurts", "Do It for Me Now", and "The War", and Willard toured extensively with the group in support of the album. In July 2007, during production of the band's second album "I-Empire", Willard officially announced that he was leaving The Offspring to focus on his work with Angels & Airwaves. The album was released in November 2007 and went on to sell over 200,000 copies in the United States. Singles from "I-Empire" included "Everything's Magic", "Secret Crowds", and "Breathe". He also played on Angels & Airwaves third album, "Love", released in February 2010. Willard toured with Angels & Airwaves in support of the album in May and July. On October 4, 2011, Willard officially announced his departure from Angels & Airwaves. The split is said to have been "amicable" with the rest of the band. Prior to his split with Angels & Airwaves, Willard had completed recording all drum tracks for the group's fourth studio album "" released on November 1, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2009–2010: Social Distortion.

paragraph: In April 2009 Willard replaced Charlie Quintana in Social Distortion. He toured Europe and the United States with Social Distortion in 2009, was scheduled to tour South America with them in April 2010, and had been in the studio recording their seventh studio album. On March 8, 2010, due to scheduling conflicts with Angels & Airwaves, Willard announced he was no longer in Social Distortion. He was replaced by Fu Manchu drummer Scott Reeder for their South American tour.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2011: theHELL.

paragraph: In February 2011 Willard joined Matt Skiba of Alkaline Trio for a side project called theHELL. Their debut EP, "Sauves les Requines", was released in January 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2011–2013: Danko Jones.

paragraph: In June 2011 he became the permanent drummer for Canadian group Danko Jones. As of July 2013 he is no longer in Danko Jones

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2013–present: Against Me!

paragraph: Willard filled in with Against Me! for the band's 2013 Australian tour dates. On July 31, 2013, Willard officially announced on his Twitter page that he was the full-time drummer for Against Me!, led by Laura Jane Grace In 2018, he also became a member of Laura Jane Grace and the Devouring Mothers.

paragraph: Section::::Musical equipment.

paragraph: When performing with Angels and Airwaves his drum kit consists of two snare drums (6.5"x14" and 7"x12"), two tom-toms (6"x6" and 8"x12"), two floor toms (14"x16" and 16"x18"), and a bass drum (18"x26"). For cymbals he uses Zildjian K custom session hi-hats (14"), an A custom EFX crash cymbal (20"), one A custom projection crashe (20"), a K custom ride cymbal (22"), and a K custom medium ride cymbal (20"). Since 2010, Atom is an official Drum Workshop endorser, both for hardware and drums.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: This section lists albums and EPs on which Willard has performed. For complete listings of releases by each act, see their individual articles.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angels & Airwaves official website

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Adam Willard

wikipedia_title: Atom Willard


text: professional baseball

text: manager

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Pittsburgh Pirates

text: Colorado Rockies

text: Manager of the Year

text: Jack McKeon

text: Florida Marlins

text: Marietta College

text: NCAA Division III

text: Ohio

text: outfielder

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Yokohama Taiyo Whales

text: Peoria Chiefs

text: Montreal Expos

text: Felipe Alou

text: Davey Johnson

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: National League

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: National League Division Series

text: bench coach

text: Clint Hurdle

text: Rockies

text: NLDS

text: Philadelphia Phillies

text: Sporting News

text: Manager of the Year

text: Rockies

text: Atlanta Braves

text: 2011 season

text: UC Santa Barbara

text: Chad

text: Bryan LaHair

text: Nick Stavinoha

text: BucsDugout.com

categories: Major League Baseball bench coaches,1955 births,Montreal Expos coaches,Marietta Pioneers baseball players,Minor league baseball managers,American expatriate baseball players in Japan,Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ohio,Major League Baseball outfielders,Pompano Beach Cubs players,Manager of the Year Award winners,Midland Cubs players,Baseball players from Ohio,Colorado Rockies (baseball) coaches,Wichita Aeros players,Tucson Toros players,Chicago Cubs players,Colorado Rockies managers,Pittsburgh Pirates managers,Los Angeles Dodgers managers,Living people,Iowa Cubs players,Los Angeles Dodgers coaches,Chattanooga Lookouts managers

paragraph: Jim Tracy (baseball)

paragraph: James Edwin Tracy (born December 31, 1955) is a former professional baseball manager and player. He has managed the Los Angeles Dodgers, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Colorado Rockies. Tracy was named Manager of the Year in 2009, only the second manager to win the award after being hired mid-season, joining Jack McKeon for the Florida Marlins.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Tracy was an All-America baseball player at Marietta College, a NCAA Division III institution in Ohio.

paragraph: He played as an outfielder for parts of two seasons with the Chicago Cubs in 1980–81. He also played two seasons in Japan with the Yokohama Taiyo Whales in 1983–84.

paragraph: Section::::Managing career.

paragraph: Tracy worked as a minor league manager for several organizations. He is featured as the manager of the 1988 Peoria Chiefs in the book "The Boys Who Would Be Cubs", by Joseph Bosco . Tracy later served as the bench coach of the Montreal Expos (under manager Felipe Alou), and the Dodgers (under manager Davey Johnson) in 1999 and 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Managing career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: Tracy was manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers from 2001 to 2005, compiling four winning seasons and a 427–383 record. With Tracy as manager, the Dodgers won the National League's West division in 2004 but lost 3-1 to the St. Louis Cardinals in the National League Division Series. On October 3, 2005, after finishing the season at 71-91, Tracy and the Dodgers agreed to part ways citing "philosophical differences."

paragraph: Section::::Managing career.:Pittsburgh Pirates.

paragraph: Tracy was hired by the Pittsburgh Pirates on October 11, 2005. In two disappointing seasons in Pittsburgh, he compiled a 135–189 record. Tracy was fired by the Pirates on October 5, 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Managing career.:Colorado Rockies.

paragraph: Jim Tracy was hired as bench coach for the Colorado Rockies in November 2008. On May 29, 2009, Clint Hurdle was fired with an 18–28 record, and Tracy was named to replace him. Tracy led the Rockies to the postseason, with a 74–42 (.638) record after taking over as manager, but lost the NLDS to the Philadelphia Phillies by a score of 3 games to 1. For his efforts in the 2009 season, Tracy was named Sporting News' NL Manager of the Year and the National League Manager of the Year as voted on by the Baseball Writers' Association of America.

paragraph: In 2010, the Rockies lost 13 of their last 14 games, collapsing from a 1/2 game deficit in the wild card race to finish 7 games behind an Atlanta Braves team that went 6-8 in the same span. In 2011, the Rockies began the season with an 11-2 record before finishing the season with a 62-87 (.416) run that landed them in 4th place.

paragraph: After the 2011 season, the Rockies rewarded Tracy with an "indefinite" contract extension. The Rockies went on to accumulate a 37-65 record (.363) through August 1, leading to a front office reshuffle that left Jim Tracy and his staff intact. Tracy resigned as manager of the Rockies on October 7, 2012, following a disappointing and injury plagued 2012 season that saw the Rockies finish 64-98, the worst record in franchise history.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: His oldest son, Brian, played baseball at UC Santa Barbara, and was drafted in 2007 by the Pirates. He is now a scout for the Pirates. His son Chad played in Triple-A for multiple organizations. He was the first catcher drafted in the 2006 draft when he was drafted in the third round. Chad, along with Bryan LaHair and Nick Stavinoha, led the Triple-A in runs batted in with 109 in 2011. He now manages in the minor leagues. His youngest son, Mark, also played minor league ball from 2010 to 2013.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BucsDugout.com – article about Tracy's tendencies as manager of the Dodgers

alias:
James Edwin "Jim" Tracy
James Edwin Tracy

description: American baseball player and manager

wikidata_label: Jim Tracy

wikipedia_title: Jim Tracy (baseball)


text:
French
adventurer
Caribbean
Saint-Pierre
Martinique
brigantine
St. Christopher
Cardinal Richelieu
Compagnie de Saint-Christophe
Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
sugarcane
plantation
Carib
Jean Dupont
expelling
Saint Christopher
Jacques Dyel du Parquet
History of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Catholic Encyclopedia article

categories: 1585 births,1636 deaths,17th-century French businesspeople,French Governors of Martinique,Governors general of the French Antilles,History of Martinique,French governors of Saint Christopher Island

paragraph: Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc

paragraph: Pierre Belain, Sieur d'Esnambuc (1585–1636) was a French trader and adventurer in the Caribbean, who established the first permanent French colony, Saint-Pierre, on the island of Martinique in 1635.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Belain, commanding a 14-gun brigantine with a crew of 40 in 1625, arrived on the island of St. Christopher.

paragraph: In 1626 he returned to France, where he won the support of Cardinal Richelieu to establish French colonies in the region. Richelieu became a shareholder in the Compagnie de Saint-Christophe, created to accomplish this with D'Esnambuc at its head. The company was not particularly successful and Richelieu had it reorganized as the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. In 1635 D'Esnambuc sailed to Martinique with one hundred French settlers to clear land for sugarcane plantations. This led to tensions with the indigenous Carib population. He established Jean Dupont as local governor before returning to Saint Christophe.

paragraph: Open warfare led to the French expelling surviving Carib from the island in 1660.

paragraph: After six months on Martinique, D'Esnambuc returned to Saint Christopher, where he soon died. His nephew, Jacques Dyel du Parquet, inherited D'Esnambuc's authority over the French settlements in the Caribbean. He remained in Martinique and did not concern himself with the other islands.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Saint Kitts and Nevis

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Encyclopedia article

description: Governor of Saint-Christophe

wikidata_label: Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc

wikipedia_title: Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc


text:
Perpignan
Glarentza
infante
Kingdom of Majorca
James II
Aumelas
Frontignan
Prince of Achaea
Frederick III of Sicily
Catalan Company
Bernat de Rocafort
Ramón Muntaner
Venetians
Negroponte
Almería
Guadix
Sicily
Angevins
Catania
Margaret of Villehardouin
Principality of Achaea
Isabella of Sabran
Akova
Messina
Chlemoutsi
James III of Majorca
Cyprus
Matilda of Hainaut
Louis of Burgundy
Catalan Company
Athens
Battle of Manolada
heir presumptive
James III
"The Chronicle of Ramón Muntaner"

categories: Princes of Majorca,People from Majorca,1316 deaths,Lords of Spain,1278 births,Prisoners and detainees of the Republic of Venice,Aragonese infantes,Military personnel killed in action,14th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon

paragraph: Ferdinand of Majorca

paragraph: Ferdinand of Majorca (; 1278, Perpignan – 5 July 1316, Glarentza) was an "infante" of the Kingdom of Majorca as the third son of King James II. He was Viscount of Aumelas and Lord of Frontignan from 1311 and claimed the title of Prince of Achaea from 1315.

paragraph: He was sent by Frederick III of Sicily to take command of the Catalan Company in Frederick's name, but was rebuffed by Bernat de Rocafort, one of their leaders. On his return with the chronicler Ramón Muntaner, he was captured by the Venetians at Negroponte. He had been released by 1310, when he distinguished himself at the siege of Almería by killing the son of the King of Guadix.

paragraph: In 1313, he returned to Sicily to take part in the war then in hand with the Angevins and was created Lord of Catania. Margaret of Villehardouin was then in Sicily, seeking to advance her claim to the Principality of Achaea. She gave her daughter Isabella of Sabran to Ferdinand in marriage and resigned Akova and her claim on Achaea to the couple, who were married in Messina. Margaret died in March 1315 in captivity in Chlemoutsi, and her daughter on 7 May 1315 in Catania, shortly after bearing a son, James III of Majorca.

paragraph: Shortly after her death, Ferdinand set out with a small company for the Morea to uphold the claim now held by his son. He seized Clarenza in June 1315 and briefly took control of the Morea. In the autumn of 1315 he took a second wife, Isabella of Ibelin, daughter of the Seneschal of Cyprus. However, his rival claimant Matilda of Hainaut, and her husband Louis of Burgundy returned to the Morea in the spring of 1316 with Venetian aid. Ferdinand's expected aid from Majorca and Sicily was tardy, as was that of the Catalan Company from Athens. Facing superior numbers, he was killed at the Battle of Manolada on July 5, 1316. He was succeeded as heir presumptive of Majorca by his elder son, the future King James III, and as Viscount of Aumelas by his posthumous son, Ferdinand.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chronicle of Ramón Muntaner", translated into English by Lady Goodenough

description: Infante of Majorca

wikidata_label: Ferdinand of Majorca

wikipedia_title: Ferdinand of Majorca


text: Seville

text: Spain

text: Princes Czartoryski Foundation

text: Kraków

text: House of Czartoryski

text: Juan Carlos I of Spain

text: martial arts

text: Maria Ludwika Czartoryska

text: émigré

text: Iron Curtain

text: Władysław Czartoryski

text: The Lady with an Ermine

text: Leonardo da Vinci

text: EXPO

text: Seville

text: Tamara Czartoryska

text: São Paulo

text: Brazil

categories: Czartoryski family,Knights of Malta,1940 births,Spanish people of Polish descent,Living people,Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta

paragraph: Adam Karol Czartoryski

paragraph: Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski, his Spanish full name "Adán Carlos Jesús María José Francisco de Sales y todos los Santos Czartoryski-Borbón Krasinski y Orléans" (born 2 January 1940 in Seville, Spain) is a Polish-Spanish aristocrat, the founder and president of the Princes Czartoryski Foundation, in Kraków.

paragraph: He is the Head of the Polish House of Czartoryski, descendants of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania and he is the 14th direct descendant of this line.

paragraph: Adam Karol was born in Seville on the 2 of January 1940. His parents fled Poland at the beginning of the 1939 German invasion and lived in Spain, his mother's native country. After his father's death, he remained in Spain where he was educated. Later, he lived for a time in England and in Ireland before returning to Spain when his maternal first cousin, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, came to the throne.

paragraph: During the sixties while in Dublin, he became involved with racing cars of different modalities and classes. From Sport Cars to Formula III and was involved both in Circuit Racing and Hill Climbs in Ireland, as well as in Britain and some European Circuits for sometime.

paragraph: He was also interested in martial arts and started training in Kempo Karate with John McSweeney, a direct pupil of the famous Hawaiian Master Ed Parker. Returning to his native land Spain at the end of the sixties,he continue his Karate training this time under the guidance of a Japanese Master Sensei Yasunari Ishimi and he became a 5 Dan Black Belt in Karate.He also contributed on the organisation and creation of the Spanish Karate Federation. He was vice President of the World Union of Karate Do Organisations, the World Karate Federation and also the European Karate Union for over two decades.

paragraph: In 1975, at the death of his grandmother Princess Maria Ludwika Czartoryska, the Hotel Lambert was sold by the heirs. This family residence in Paris, bought during the exile in 1842, was the rallying point of the Polish "émigrés" and represented the political and cultural resistance movement. Adam Karol kept the family portraits and miniatures.

paragraph: After the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, the Polish High Court returned to Adam Karol the Czartoryski Museum and Library with its important collections brought to Kraków by his great-grandfather, Prince Władysław Czartoryski, in 1876. Its most important treasure is "The Lady with an Ermine" by Leonardo da Vinci. He instituted the Princes Czartoryski Foundation to run and administer the Museum Collections. In recognition of his "Grand Gesture" he was awarded with the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

paragraph: In 1992 during the Universal EXPO in Seville, Spain, he was chosen by the Polish Government to head the Polish Pavilion, recognising, for the first time, his Polish identity.

paragraph: Nowadays Adam Karol's task is to maintain the new museum for future generations as a testimony of patriotism and national identity, through the exhibition of his family's collection.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Adam Karol is the only surviving child of Prince Jozef August and Princess Dolores of Borbon y Orleans. His younger brother, Ludwik, died in infancy. He is a cousin of the royal families of Spain, Brazil and the Two Sicilies. In 1977 Adam Karol was married and had daughter, Tamara Czartoryska (b. 1978). In 2000, he married Josette Naima Calil (b. 1970 in São Paulo, Brazil).

paragraph: Section::::Selected Awards and Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight of Ronda (Real Maestranza de Caballeria de Ronda)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight of Madrid (Hijos Dalgo de la Nobleza de Madrid)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member of Mozarabes of Toledo (Mozarabes de Toledo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George,Naples,Italy (Sacro Militare Ordine Costantiniano di San Giorgio Napoli, Italia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight of Malta

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander's Cross with Star of the Polish Order of Polonia Restituta.

paragraph: Section::::Selected Sports Medals.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silver Medal Spanish Judo Federation.(FEJ)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold Medal Spanish Wrestling Federation. (FEL)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold Medal International Wrestling Federation. (FILA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold Medal Ministry of Sports of Taiwan.

paragraph: Section::::Other Selected Activities.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Adam Karol is since 1974 the Head Trustee of the Polish Dzialynska Trust in London

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Order of the True Cross, Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain (Hermandad de la Vera Cruz, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, España) Since 1946.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Order of Saint John of the Palm, Seville, Spain (Hermandad de San Juan de la Palma "La Amargura" Sevilla, España) Since 1948.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Order of Jesus Captive, Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain (Hermandad de Jesus Cautivo, Parroquia de Santa Magdalena, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla) Since 1954.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Order of Saint John of the Palm, Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain (Hermandad de San Juan de la Palma "La Borriquita" Parroquia de Santa Magdalena,Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, España) Co Founder and Member Since 1956.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Order of Our Father of the Passion, Seville, Spain (Hermandad de Nuestro Padre Jesus de Pasion, Sevilla, España) Since 1962.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website of the Princes Czartoryski Foundation. Contains the Family history and the notes on the Czartoryski Museum and Library in Cracow, Poland and its most famous painting, Leonardo da Vinci's Lady with an Ermine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile of Adam Karol Czartoryski at the official website of the Princes Czartoryski Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Controversial sale of the Czartoryski collection

description: Polish-Spanish aristocrat

wikidata_label: Adam Karol Czartoryski

wikipedia_title: Adam Karol Czartoryski


text: French

text: multi-instrumentalist

text: Record Makers

text: L'incroyable Vérité

text: Air

text: theremin

text: Pamelia Kurstin

text: Politics

text: La Ritournelle

text: Tony Allen

text: Fela Kuti

text: Metronomy

text: Narco

text: Christophe

text: Sexuality

text: Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo

text: Daft Punk

text: American Apparel

text: EBU

text: Eurovision Song Contest 2008

text: Divine

text: Chanel

text: Grand Palais

text: Karl Lagerfeld

text: Brazil

text: Narco

text: Saint-Amour

text: Marie et les naufragés

text: Record Makers

text: L'incroyable Vérité

text: Sofia Coppola

text: soundtrack

text: Lost in Translation

text: Sexuality

text: Somewhere

text: La Ritournelle

text: Ugly Betty

text: La Ritournelle

text: Joachim Trier

text: Oslo, August 31st

text: L'incroyable Vérité

text: Daft Punk's Electroma

text: Danger

text: Gran Turismo

text: PSP

text: The Weeknd

text: Top Gear

text: Acoustic 07

text: V2 Records

text: Principles of Geometry

text: Mr. Oizo

text: Steak

text: Caroline Polachek

text: Chairlift

text: Jean-Michel Jarre

text: MGMT

text: Little Dark Age

text: Official website

text: Anthem interview with Sebastian Tellier

text: Sebastian Tellier

categories: New wave musicians,Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2008,French Eurovision Song Contest entrants,People from Val-d'Oise,Synthpop singers,1975 births,French male singers,French singer-songwriters,21st-century French singers,French pop singers,French electronic musicians,Living people

paragraph: Sébastien Tellier

paragraph: Sébastien Tellier (; born 22 February 1975) is a French Musician, singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He is currently signed to Record Makers, a French independent record label. He sings in English, French and Italian.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tellier's first album, "L'incroyable Vérité" (The Incredible Truth), was released in 2001. Tellier went on tour with Air in support of the album and was joined on stage by theremin player Pamelia Kurstin. "L'incroyable Vérité" is a pop album featuring styles from lo-fi electronica to bizarre cabaret tunes. Its sleeve featured Tellier in full evening dress on the front, while the back of jacket had a shot of him cavorting in a playboy's pool. He instructed listeners only to listen to the album by candlelight.

paragraph: Tellier followed "L'incroyable Vérité" with his second studio album "Politics" (2005). A particularly popular song from "Politics" was "La Ritournelle", a string-led tune, which featured Nigerian drummer, Tony Allen who worked with Fela Kuti. "La Ritournelle" was remixed by various artists, notably in Britain by Metronomy.

paragraph: Since the release of "Politics", Tellier has also recorded an acoustic album of his more popular songs, "Sessions" (2006). The album was repackaged for the British market as "Universe" (2006), to include both highlights from the French CD, as well as compositions from Tellier's score for the film "Narco". This compilation included a cover of "La Dolce Vita", a song originally by French singer Christophe.

paragraph: His third studio album "Sexuality" was produced by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo of Daft Punk. Like his previous album "Politics", Tellier used a single term as title and theme of the album. Tellier's label Record Makers collaborated with retailer American Apparel for an exclusive three month pre-release of the album, whilst American Apparel sold limited edition versions of the "Sexuality" CD, LP and "Divine" 7" and 12" single through their North American stores and website.

paragraph: On 7 March 2008, it was announced by Bruno Berberes, head of EBU delegation in France, that Tellier would represent France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008. It was held in Belgrade on 24 May 2008. Tellier sang "Divine". This was the first time in the history of the contest that the nominated French entry was to be performed largely in English, which caused controversy, leading to Tellier pledging to increase the amount of French in the song prior to the competition itself. In total, the entry received 47 points.

paragraph: The album "Confection" was released in October 2013. This was partially inspired by the death of Tellier's grandmother. Some of the music on the album was intended to appear on a film soundtrack, but ended up not being used. In an interview with artistxite, Tellier noted: "You can say my grandmother's death as well as this nonexisting soundtrack had an impact on “Confection“. To me this has been a super strange situation. I was full of love for my grandmother and full of dedication to this soundtrack; "Confection" is the result of both of these emotional conditions." In Spring 2014, Tellier performed a medley of tracks from "Confection" at the Chanel Haute Couture show at the Grand Palais. Tellier recounts that Karl Lagerfeld invited him to perform, having listened to the album himself.

paragraph: The album "L'Aventura", was released on . The album was inspired by Brazil, where the video to its lead single, "L'Adulte", is set.

paragraph: Section::::Soundtrack work.

paragraph: Tellier has composed and performed original scores for three French films: "Narco" (2004), "Saint-Amour" and "Marie et les naufragés" (2016). The soundtracks were released by Record Makers in 2007 and 2016, respectively.

paragraph: Section::::Use of Tellier's songs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The track "Fantino" from "L'incroyable Vérité" was chosen by Sofia Coppola for the soundtrack to her 2003 film "Lost in Translation". Coppola also used the song "Look" from his "Sexuality" album in her 2010 film "Somewhere"

paragraph: BULLET::::- The songs "Look" and "La Ritournelle" were featured in "Ugly Betty's" episodes "Crush'd" and "Dressed for success", respectively.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Ritournelle" also featured in Joachim Trier's "Oslo, August 31st" movie soundtrack.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The song "Universe" from the album "L'incroyable Vérité" is featured in the film "Daft Punk's Electroma".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Divine" (as remixed by Danger) was used in the 2009 racing game "Gran Turismo" for the PSP.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Ritournelle" is sampled in The Weeknd's single, "Kiss Land"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Ritournelle" is the first of many final soundtracks used in the movie "One Way" - 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slow Lynch" was used by Top Gear in Seasons 13 Episode 3 (Ken Block’s Airfield Rally Run).

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Others

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other contributions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Acoustic 07" (V2 Records, 2007) - "La Ballade du Georges"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tellier sang on the track "A Mountain For President" by Principles of Geometry for their 2007 album "Lazare".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2007, Tellier contributed songs to and collaborated with Mr. Oizo for the soundtrack of Oizo's feature film directorial debut, "Steak".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2013 Tellier released a single with Caroline Polachek of Chairlift, "In The Crew Of Tea Time".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tellier collaborated with Jean-Michel Jarre on the track "Gisele" of his 2016 album .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sang on chorus of "When You Die" on the MGMT album Little Dark Age.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthem interview with Sebastian Tellier, on Anthemmagazine.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photos of Tellier Performing in Philadelphia, April 2009, on Phrequency.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sebastian Tellier, on Soundcloud

description: club DJ from France

wikidata_label: Sébastien Tellier

wikipedia_title: Sébastien Tellier


text: Old Norse

text: Norse saga

text: Swedish

text: king

text: Olof

text: successor

text: Eric the Victorious

text: Battle of Fyrisvellir

text: skaldic poem

text: epithet

text: Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa

text: Eyrbyggja saga

text: Saxo Grammaticus

text: Gesta Danorum

text: Knýtlinga saga

text: Hervarar saga

text: Heimskringla

text: Yngvars saga víðförla

text: Ingvar the Far-Travelled

text: Oddr Snorrason

text: Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar

text: Eric Rücker Eddison

text: The Long Ships

text: Frans G Bengtsson

text: lausavísa

text: Þórvaldr Hjaltason

text: Jomsvikings

text: Flatey Book

text: courtier

text: drinking horn

text: Thing

text: longship

text: Gyrid

text: Baltic Sea

text: Jomsborg

text: Palnetoke

text: Harald Bluetooth

text: Gyrid

text: Tyra Haraldsdotter

text: warrior

text: throne

text: Sweden

text: longship

text: Old Norse

text: Uppland

text: Gamla Uppsala

text: Odin

text: Temple at Uppsala

text: Valhalla

text: Odin

text: Olaf

text: Harald Bluetooth

text: Mälaren

text: Fyrisvellir

text: Saxo Grammaticus

text: Björn

text: Olaf

text: Gyrithe

text: Jomsborg

text: Sigvald

text: Halland

text: Otto

text: Jutland

text: Thorkel Sprakalegg

text: Ulf the Earl

text: Gytha Thorkelsdóttir

text: Godwin, Earl of Wessex

text: Sweyn II of Denmark

text: Harold Godwinson

text: John of Worcester

text: bear

text: Bjorn

text: Saxo Grammaticus

text: allegorical

text: Gorm the Old

text: Jómsvíkíngasaga ok Knytlínga

categories: Jomsvikings,980s deaths,Swedish princes,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Styrbjörn the Strong

paragraph: Styrbjörn the Strong (Old Norse "Styrbjörn Sterki"; died about 985) according to late Norse sagas was a son of the Swedish king Olof, and a nephew of Olof's co-ruler and successor Eric the Victorious, who defeated and killed Styrbjörn at the Battle of Fyrisvellir. As with many figures in the sagas, doubts have been cast on his existence, but he is mentioned in a roughly contemporary skaldic poem about the battle. According to legend, his original name was "Björn", and "Styr-", which was added when he had grown up, was an epithet meaning that he was restless, controversially forceful and violent.

paragraph: Section::::Prose retellings.

paragraph: It is believed that there once was a full saga about Styrbjörn, but most of what is extant is found in the short "Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa". Parts of his story are also retold in "Eyrbyggja saga", Saxo Grammaticus' "Gesta Danorum" (book 10), "Knýtlinga saga" and "Hervarar saga". He is also mentioned in the "Heimskringla" (several times), and in "Yngvars saga víðförla", where Ingvar the Far-Travelled is compared to his kinsman Styrbjörn. Oddr Snorrason also mentions him in "Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar" (around 1190), writing that Styrbjörn was defeated through magic. In modern days, he is also the hero of a novel called "Styrbiorn the Strong" by English author Eric Rücker Eddison (1926), and he is featured in "The Long Ships", by Frans G Bengtsson.

paragraph: Section::::Contemporary poetry.

paragraph: The extant poetry on Styrbjörn is found in "Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa", where the following "lausavísa" (about 985) mentions Styrbjörn::

paragraph: The contemporary skald Þórvaldr Hjaltason also described the Battle of Fyrisvellir in the following pair of "lausavísur":

paragraph: "Hundmargs" ("of a myriad") in the second verse has also been read as "Hundings", referring to a chief of the Jomsvikings named Hunding, but there is no other record of such a historical figure, so the argument that this disproves Styrbjörn's historical existence has been generally set aside in favour of the evidence of the other contemporary poem.

paragraph: Section::::"Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa".

paragraph: "Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa" ('the tale of Styrbjörn the Swedish Champion'), preserved in the Flatey Book, is the source that contains the most material about Styrbjörn.

paragraph: According to the tale, Styrbjörn, who was originally called Björn, was the son of Olof, a brother of King Eric, who died of poisoning when Björn was still a young boy. When he was 12 years old, he asked his uncle King Eric for his birthright, but was denied the co-rulership until he turned 16. One day he got into a fight with and killed a courtier, who had hit him on the nose with a drinking horn.

paragraph: When he was 16, the Thing decided that he was not fit to be king, and instead appointed a man of low birth. His uncle Eric did not want him to stay at home, because of his violent nature and the complaints from the free farmers, so he gave Björn 60 well equipped longships, whereupon the frustrated boy took his sister Gyrid and left. Eric also called him "Styrbjörn", adding "Styr-" because of his nephew's unruly and quarrelsome nature.

paragraph: He ravaged the shores of the Baltic Sea and when he was twenty, took the stronghold of Jomsborg from its founder Palnetoke and became the ruler of the Jomsvikings. After some time he allied himself with the Danish king Harald Bluetooth and had his sister Gyrid married to him. Styrbjörn married Harald's daughter Tyra Haraldsdotter whom he was given by Harald for conquering Jomsborg.

paragraph: Harald gave him even more warriors and now Styrbjörn set about trying to take the throne of Sweden. He sailed with a huge force which included 200 Danish longships in addition to his own Jomsvikings. When they arrived at Föret (Old Norse "Fyris") in Uppland, he burnt the ships in order to force his men to fight to the end. However, the Danish force changed its mind and returned to Denmark. Styrbjörn marched alone with his Jomsvikings to Gamla Uppsala. His uncle, however, was prepared and had sent for reinforcements from all directions.

paragraph: During the first two days, the battle was even. The latter evening, Eric went to the statue of Odin at the Temple at Uppsala, where he made a sacrifice. He promised Odin that if he won the battle, he would belong to Odin and arrive at Valhalla ten years from then. The next day, Eric threw his spear over the enemy and said, "I sacrifice you all to Odin". Styrbjörn and his sworn men stayed and died.

paragraph: Section::::"Eyrbyggja saga".

paragraph: The "Eyrbyggja saga" has a short summary of Styrbjörn's career in connection with one of its protagonists:

paragraph: Section::::"Hervarar saga".

paragraph: The "Hervarar saga " gives an even shorter summary of Styrbjörn's story and his battle with his uncle Eric:

paragraph: Section::::"Knýtlinga saga".

paragraph: The "Knýtlinga saga" recounts that Styrbjörn was the son of the Swedish king Olaf. When Harald Bluetooth ruled Denmark, Styrbjörn was making war in the east ("í hernaði í Austrveg") and then came to Denmark where he took Harald captive. Harald gave his daughter Tyra to Styrbjörn and joined him on his expedition to Sweden. On arrival, Styrbjörn set his own ships on fire, but when Harald saw that Styrbjörn no longer had any ships he sailed back out onto Lake Mälaren ("Löginn") and returned to Denmark. Styrbjörn fought his uncle Eric on the Fyrisvellir and he fell together with most of his men. Some of his men fled and this the Swedes called the "Fyriselta", the chase of the Fyris.

paragraph: Section::::"Gesta Danorum".

paragraph: The Danish chronicler Saxo Grammaticus tells a more pro-Danish version in "Gesta Danorum" (Book 10). According to him, Styrbjörn was the son of the Swedish king Björn. Styrbjörn had an uncle named Olaf, whose son Eric had taken the Swedish kingdom from Styrbjörn. Styrbjörn came to Harald Bluetooth, bringing his sister Gyrithe with him, and humbly asked Harald for help. Harald decided to befriend Styrbjörn and Harald offered his sister Gyrithe to be Stybjörn's wife. Harald then conquered the land of the Slavs and took the stronghold Julin (Jomsborg), which he gave to Styrbjörn to command with a strong force. Styrbjörn and his force (the Jomsvikings) dominated the seas, winning many victories, and they were more beneficial to Denmark than any force on land would have been. Among the warriors were Bue, Ulf, Karlsevne and Sigvald.

paragraph: Styrbjörn wanted revenge and asked Harald for help to take the throne of Sweden. Harald wanted to help Styrbjörn and to this end he sailed to Halland, but was informed that the German emperor Otto had attacked Jutland, and Harald was more eager to defend his own country than to attack another one. When Harald had driven away the Germans, Styrbjörn had already rashly departed with his own force for Sweden, where he fell.

paragraph: Section::::Alleged descendants.

paragraph: In the 18th century, Danish historian Jacob Langebek proposed that Styrbjörn and Tyra were the parents of Thorkel Sprakalegg, who was father of Ulf the Earl and of Gytha Thorkelsdóttir, wife of Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and thus grandfather of kings Sweyn II of Denmark and Harold Godwinson of England. The earliest known source which says anything about the father of Thorkell Sprakalegg was the chronicle of John of Worcester, who says that 'Spraclingus' was son of 'Urso', (Latin for bear) which would be Bjorn. Both Saxo Grammaticus and "Gesta Antecessorum Comitis Gualdevi" derive Thorkel from the mating of a bear with a noblewoman, Saxo relating that they produced a son named for his father (i.e. named Bjorn), who was in turn father of 'Thrugillus, called Sprageleg', while the "Gesta" tells a similar story but turns the Urso, father of 'Spratlingus' (sic) in John of Worcester's pedigree into the actual bear involved. Langebek suggested that Saxo's tale of a 'Wild' Björn, father of Thorkel, was an allegorical reference to Styrbjörn. Otto Brenner, in his accounting of the descendants of Gorm the Old, rejects Thorkill as son of Styrbjörn and Thyra.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henrikson, Alf: "Stora mytologiska uppslagsboken".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jómsvíkíngasaga ok Knytlínga 1828 edition

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carl L. Thunberg (2012): Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (with the tale of Styrbjörn)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cultural Paternity in the Flateyjarbók Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar" by Elizabeth Ashman Rowe (this scholar has got Eric's agreement with Odin slightly wrong. Eric did not promise 10 years to Odin, he promised to belong to Odin after 10 years)

description: Nordic pretender

wikidata_label: Styrbjörn the Strong

wikipedia_title: Styrbjörn the Strong


text: William Shakespeare

text: Shottery

text: Stratford-upon-Avon

text: Warwickshire

text: yeoman

text: marks

text: antenuptial

text: shotgun wedding

text: Latin

text: Temple Grafton

text: surety

text: Frank Harris

text: Anne Whateley

text: Stanley Wells

text: Germaine Greer

text: "handfast" or probationary marriage

text: Stratford-upon-Avon

text: Susanna

text: Hamnet

text: Judith

text: bubonic plague

text: John Hall

text: Elizabeth

text: Thomas Quiney

text: John Aubrey

text: National Archives

text: Elizabethan

text: John Hall

text: Susanna

text: Shakespeare's sonnets

text: Charles Dibdin

text: Stratford-upon-Avon

text: William Black

text: Frank Harris

text: cradle-snatcher

text: shrew

text: James Joyce

text: Stephen Dedalus

text: adultery

text: pun

text: Hubert Osborne

text: Edward Bond

text: Bingo: Scenes of Money and Death

text: Will Shakespeare

text: Carol Ann Duffy

text: "Anne Hathaway"

text: Robert Nye

text: Maggie Steed

text: Connie Willis

text: Neil Gaiman

text: "The Sandman"

text: Shakespeare's Will

text: Vern Thiessen

text: superwoman

text: romantic comedy

text: Shakespeare in Love

text: Harry Turtledove

text: Ruled Britannia

text: A Waste of Shame

text: Arliss Ryan

text: Liza Tarbuck

text: BBC Two

text: Upstart Crow

text: Romeo and Juliet

text: Henry VI

text: Richard III

text: Warwickshire

text: cottage

text: timber framing

text: Tudor style architecture

text: Shakespeare Birthplace Trust

text: Virtual Tour of Anne Hathaway's home

categories: People from Stratford-upon-Avon,17th-century  English women,1556 births,1623 deaths,Women of the Tudor period,16th-century  English women,Shakespeare family,16th-century English people

paragraph: Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)

paragraph: Anne Hathaway (1556 – 6 August 1623) was the wife of William Shakespeare, the English poet, playwright and actor. They were married in 1582, when he was 18 and she was 26 years old. She outlived her husband by seven years. Very little is known about her beyond a few references in legal documents, but her personality and relationship to Shakespeare have been the subject of much speculation by many historians and creative writers.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Hathaway is believed to have grown up in Shottery, a village just to the west of Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. She is assumed to have grown up in the farmhouse that was the Hathaway family home, which is located at Shottery and is now a major tourist attraction for the village. Her father, Richard Hathaway, was a yeoman farmer. He died in September 1581 and left his daughter the sum of ten marks or £6 13s 4d (six pounds, thirteen shillings and fourpence) to be paid "at the day of her marriage". In her father's will, her name is listed as "Agnes", leading to some scholars believing that she should be referred to as "Agnes Hathaway".

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Wedding.

paragraph: Hathaway married Shakespeare in November 1582 while already pregnant with the couple's first child, to whom she gave birth six months later. This age difference, added to Hathaway's antenuptial pregnancy, has been employed by some historians as evidence that it was a "shotgun wedding", forced on a somewhat reluctant Shakespeare by the Hathaway family. There is, however, no other evidence for this inference.

paragraph: For a time it was believed that this view was supported by documents from the Episcopal Register at Worcester, which records in Latin the issuing of a wedding licence to "Wm Shaxpere" and one "Annam Whateley" of Temple Grafton. The following day, Fulk Sandells and John Richardson, friends of the Hathaway family from Stratford, signed a surety of £40 as a financial guarantee for the wedding of "William Shagspere and Anne Hathwey". Frank Harris, in "The Man Shakespeare" (1909), argued that these documents are evidence that Shakespeare was involved with two women. He had chosen to marry one, Anne Whateley, but when this became known he was immediately forced by Hathaway's family to marry their pregnant relative. Harris believed that "Shakespeare's loathing for his wife was measureless" because of his entrapment by her and that this was the spur to his decision to leave Stratford and pursue a career in the theatre.

paragraph: However, according to Stanley Wells, writing in the "Oxford Companion to Shakespeare", most modern scholars take the view that the name Whateley was "almost certainly the result of clerical error".

paragraph: Germaine Greer argues that the age difference between Shakespeare and Hathaway is not evidence that he was forced to marry her, but that he was the one who pursued her. Women such as the orphaned Hathaway often stayed at home to care for younger siblings and married in their late twenties. As a husband Shakespeare offered few prospects; his family had fallen into financial ruin, while Hathaway, from a family in good standing both socially and financially, would have been considered a catch. Furthermore, a "handfast" or probationary marriage and pregnancy were frequent precursors to legal marriage at the time. Examining the surviving records of Stratford-upon-Avon and nearby villages in the 1580s, Greer argues that two facts stand out quite prominently: first, that a large number of brides went to the altar already pregnant; and second, that autumn, not spring, was the most common time to get married. Shakespeare was bound to marry Hathaway, who had become pregnant by him, but there is no reason to assume that this had not always been his intention. It is nearly certain that the respective families of the bride and groom had known one another.

paragraph: Three children were born to Hathaway and her husband: Susanna in 1583 and the twins Hamnet and Judith in 1585. Hamnet died at 11 years old during one of the frequent outbreaks of the bubonic plague and was buried in Stratford upon Avon on 11 August 1596.

paragraph: Apart from documents related to her marriage and the birth of her children, the only recorded reference to Hathaway in her lifetime is a curious bequest in the will of her father's shepherd, Thomas Whittington, who died in 1601. Whittington left 40 shillings to "the poor of Stratford", adding that the money was "in the hand of Anne Shakespeare wife unto Master William Shakespeare, and is due debt unto me, being paid to mine executor by the said William Shakespeare or his assigns according to the true meaning of this my will." This passage has been interpreted in several different ways. One view is that Whittington may have lent Anne the money, presumably because she was short of cash while her husband was away. More likely, however, it may have been "uncollected wages, or savings held in safekeeping", since the will also lists debts owed to him from her brothers in the same amount.

paragraph: In 1607, Hathaway's daughter Susanna married the local doctor, John Hall, giving birth to Hathaway's and Shakespeare's granddaughter, Elizabeth. The following year Judith married Thomas Quiney, who was a vintner and tavern owner from a good family, in February 1616 when she was 31 and he was 27. Shakespeare may later have disapproved of this choice when it was discovered that Quiney had got another girl pregnant; also, Quiney had failed to obtain a special wedding licence needed during Lent, leading to Judith and Thomas being excommunicated on 12 March. Soon afterwards, on 25 March 1616, Shakespeare modified his will for Judith to inherit £300 in her own name, leaving Quiney out of the will and giving most of his property to Susanna and her husband.

paragraph: It has sometimes been inferred that Shakespeare came to dislike his wife, but there is no existing documentation or correspondence to support this supposition. For most of their married life, he lived in London, writing and performing his plays, while she remained in Stratford. However, according to John Aubrey, he returned to Stratford for a period every year. When he retired from the theatre in 1613, he chose to live in Stratford with his wife, rather than in London.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Shakespeare's will.

paragraph: In his will Shakespeare famously made only one bequest to his wife, his "second-best bed with the furniture". There is no reference to the "best" bed, which would have been included in the main bequest to Susanna. This bequest to Anne has often been interpreted as a slight, implying that Anne was in some sense only the "second best" person in his intimate life. A few explanations have been offered: first, it has been claimed that, according to law, Hathaway was entitled to receive one third of her husband's estate, regardless of his will, though this has been disputed. It has been speculated that Hathaway was to be supported by her children. Germaine Greer suggests that the bequests were the result of agreements made at the time of Susanna's marriage to Dr Hall: that she (and thus her husband) inherited the bulk of Shakespeare's estate. Shakespeare had business ventures with Dr Hall, and consequently appointed John and Susanna as executors of his will. Dr Hall and Susanna inherited and moved into New Place after Shakespeare's death. This would also explain other examples of Shakespeare's will being apparently ungenerous, as in its treatment of his younger daughter Judith.

paragraph: There is indication that Hathaway may have been financially secure in her own right. The National Archives states that "beds and other pieces of household furniture were often the sole bequest to a wife" and that, customarily, the children would receive the best items and the widow the second-best. In Shakespeare's time, the beds of prosperous citizens were expensive affairs, sometimes equivalent in value to a small house. The bequest was thus not as minor as it might seem in modern times. In Elizabethan custom the best bed in the house was reserved for guests. If so, then the bed that Shakespeare bequeathed to Anne could have been their marital bed, and thus not intended to insult her.

paragraph: However, the will as initially drafted did not mention Anne at all. It was only through a series of additions, made on March 25, 1616, slightly less than a month before Shakespeare died, that the bequest to his wife of his "second best bed with the furniture" was made. Author Stephen Greenblatt in "Will in the World," suggests that as Shakespeare lay dying, "he tried to forget his wife and then remembered her with the second-best bed. And when he thought of the afterlife, the last thing he wanted was to be mingled with the woman he married. There are four lines carved in [Shakespeare's] gravestone in the chancel of Stratford Church: "Good friend for Jesus sake forbeare, To digg the dust encloased heare: Bleste be ye man y't spares thes stones, And curst be he y't moves my bones." [Shakespeare may have] feared that his bones would be dug up and thrown in the nearby charnel house ... but he may have feared still more that one day his grave would be opened to let in the body of Anne Shakespeare."

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Burial.

paragraph: A tradition recorded in 1693 is that Hathaway "greatly desired" to be buried with her husband. In fact she was interred in a separate grave next to him in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon. The inscription states, "Here lyeth the body of Anne wife of William Shakespeare who departed this life the 6th day of August 1623 being of the age of 67 years." A Latin inscription followed which translates as "Breasts, O mother, milk and life thou didst give. Woe is me – for how great a boon shall I give stones? How much rather would I pray that the good angel should move the stone so that, like Christ's body, thine image might come forth! But my prayers are unavailing. Come quickly, Christ, that my mother, though shut within this tomb may rise again and reach the stars." The inscription is believed to have been written by John Hall on behalf of his wife, Anne's daughter, Susanna.

paragraph: Section::::In literature.

paragraph: Section::::In literature.:Shakespeare's sonnets.

paragraph: One of Shakespeare's sonnets, number 145, has been claimed to make reference to Anne Hathaway: the words 'hate away' may be a pun (in Elizabethan pronunciation) on 'Hathaway'. It has also been suggested that the next words, "And saved my life", would have been indistinguishable in pronunciation from "Anne saved my life". The sonnet differs from all the others in the length of the lines. Its fairly simple language and syntax have led to suggestions that it was written much earlier than the other, more mature, sonnets.

paragraph: Section::::In literature.:Other literature.

paragraph: The following poem about Anne has also been ascribed to Shakespeare, but its language and style are not typical of his verse. It is widely attributed to Charles Dibdin (1748–1814) and may have been written for the Stratford-upon-Avon Shakespeare Festival of 1769:

paragraph: Section::::In literature.:Fictional portrayals.

paragraph: Anne is depicted in fiction during the 19th century, when Shakespeare starts to become a figure in wider national and popular culture. Emma Severn's novel "Anne Hathaway, or, Shakespeare in Love" (1845) portrays an idealised romance and happy marriage in an idyllic rural Stratford. She also appears in William Black's 1884 novel "Judith Shakespeare" about her daughter, portrayed as a conventional dutiful wife and concerned parent with a wayward daughter.

paragraph: By the early 20th century a more negative image of Hathaway emerged, following the publication of Frank Harris's books on Shakespeare's love life, and after the discovery that Anne was already pregnant when the couple married. A trend in literature on Hathaway in this period was to imagine her as a sexually incontinent cradle-snatcher, or, alternatively, a calculating shrew. More recent literature has included more varied representations of her. Historian Katherine Scheil describes Hathaway as a "wife-shaped void" used by modern writers "as a canvas for expressing contemporary woman's struggles — over independence, single motherhood, sexual freedom, unfaithful husbands, woman's education and power-relations between husband and wife."

paragraph: An adulterous Anne is imagined by James Joyce's character Stephen Dedalus, who makes a number of references to Hathaway. In "Ulysses", he speculates that the gift of the infamous "second-best bed" was a punishment for her adultery, and earlier in the same novel, Dedalus analyses Shakespeare's marriage with a pun: "He chose badly? He was chosen, it seems to me. If others have their will Ann hath a way." Anne also appears in Hubert Osborne's "The Shakespeare Play" (c.1911) and its sequel "The Good Men Do" (1917), which dramatises a meeting between the newly widowed Anne and her supposed old rival for William's love "Anne Whateley". Anne is depicted as shrewish in the first play, and as spiteful towards her former rival in the latter. A frosty relationship is also portrayed in Edward Bond's play "Bingo: Scenes of Money and Death" (1973), about Shakespeare's last days, and in the 1978 TV series "Will Shakespeare".

paragraph: "The World's Wife", a collection of poems by Carol Ann Duffy, features a sonnet entitled "Anne Hathaway", based on the passage from Shakespeare's will regarding his "second-best bed". Duffy chooses the view that this would be their marriage bed, and so a memento of their love, not a slight. Anne remembers their lovemaking as a form of "romance and drama", unlike the "prose" written on the best bed used by guests, "I hold him in the casket of my widow's head/ as he held me upon that next best bed". In Robert Nye's novel "Mrs Shakespeare: the Complete Works", which purports to be Anne's autobiographical reminiscences, Shakespeare buys the best bed with money given to him by the Earl of Southampton. When Anne comes to London, the couple use the bed for wild sexual adventures, in which they engage in role-playing fantasies based on his plays. He refers to the bed he bequeaths her as "the second best" to remind her of the best bed of their memories. The novel was dramatised for BBC radio in 1998 with Maggie Steed playing Hathaway.

paragraph: The Connie Willis short story "Winter's Tale," which combines factual information about Anne Hathaway with a fictitious Shakespeare identity theory, also characterises the nature of the relationship as loving and the bequeath of the second-best bed as romantically significant.

paragraph: Anne Hathaway appears in Neil Gaiman's comic book section , part of "The Sandman" series. She and Shakespeare share a tumultuous, yet affectionate, relationship. Gaiman's interpretation suggests that Anne deliberately became pregnant in order to force her husband to marry her, but the context implies that neither of them ultimately regret their decision.

paragraph: Through her long-running solo show "Mrs Shakespeare, Will's first and last love" (1989) American actress-writer Yvonne Hudson has had a long relationship with both the historical and dramatic Anne Hathaway. She depicts Anne and Will as maintaining a friendship despite the challenges inherent to their long separations and tragedies. Mining early and recent scholarship and the complete works, Hudson concurs that evidence of the couple's mutual respect is indeed evident in the plays and sonnets, along with support for the writer's infatuations and possibly adulterous relationships. Hudson also chooses the positive view of the bed bequest, sharing that "it may have been only here that I possessed William." "Mrs Shakespeare" explores the realities of keeping house without a husband while applying some dramatic licence. This allows Anne to have at least a country wife's understanding of her educated spouse's work as she quotes sonnets and soliloquies to convey her feelings.The 2005 play "Shakespeare's Will" by Canadian playwright Vern Thiessen is similar in form to Hudson's show. It is a one-woman piece that focuses on Anne Hathaway on the day of her husband's funeral. Avril Rowland's "Mrs Shakespeare" (2005) depicts Anne as a multi-tasking "superwoman" who runs the home efficiently while also writing her husband's plays in a businesslike partnership with him as her promoter/performer.

paragraph: The romantic comedy film "Shakespeare in Love" provides an example of the negative view, depicting the marriage as a cold and loveless bond that Shakespeare must escape to find love in London. The same situation occurs in Harry Turtledove's alternate-history novel "Ruled Britannia" (2002), in which Shakespeare seeks and actually wins a divorce from Hathaway to marry his new girlfriend. A similarly loveless relationship is depicted in the film "A Waste of Shame" (2005).

paragraph: "The Secret Confessions of Anne Shakespeare" (2010), a novel by Arliss Ryan, also proposes Anne Hathaway as the true author of many of the Shakespeare plays (a claim originally made in 1938). In the novel, Anne follows Will to London to support his acting career. As he finds his true calling in writing, Anne's own literary skills flower, leading to a secret collaboration that makes William Shakespeare the foremost playwright in Elizabethan England.

paragraph: She is portrayed by Liza Tarbuck in the BBC Two comedy series "Upstart Crow", which follows the writing and preparation to stage "Romeo and Juliet" after William has gained some early career notoriety for his poetry, "Henry VI" and "Richard III".

paragraph: Section::::Anne Hathaway's Cottage.

paragraph: Anne Hathaway's childhood was spent in a house near Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England. Although it is often called a cottage, it is, in fact, a spacious twelve-roomed farmhouse, with several bedrooms, now set in extensive gardens. It was known as Newlands Farm in Shakespeare's day and had more than of land attached to it. As in many houses of the period, it has multiple chimneys to spread the heat evenly throughout the house during winter. The largest chimney was used for cooking. It also has visible timber framing, a trademark of vernacular Tudor style architecture.

paragraph: After the death of Anne's father, the cottage was owned by Anne's brother Bartholomew, and was passed down the Hathaway family until 1846, when financial problems forced them to sell it. It is now owned and managed by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, and is open to public visitors as a museum.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hathaway and Shakespeare's marriage bond

paragraph: BULLET::::- Virtual Tour of Anne Hathaway's home

description: wife of William Shakespeare

wikidata_label: Anne Hathaway

wikipedia_title: Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)


text:
American
actor
Antwone Fisher
Denzel Washington
Gabe Jones
Netflix
13 Reasons Why
Jersey City, New Jersey
Georgetown
Guyana
Henry Snyder High School
Linden High School
Spike Lee
Miracle at St. Anna
Wesley Snipes
tax problems
NBC
Trauma
Moesha
Alicia Keys
music video
Teenage Love Affair
Monica
So Gone
Sean 'Puffy' Combs
Notorious
"Friday Night Lights"
Gabe Jones
Howling Commandos
TNT
HawthoRNe
The Americans
Interview, 1/12/06, LIFETEEN.com

categories: People from Linden, New Jersey,African-American male actors,Living people,American male television actors,American male film actors,American people of Guyanese descent,21st-century American male actors,20th-century American male actors,Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead winners,Henry Snyder High School alumni,1974 births

paragraph: Derek Luke

paragraph: Derek Luke (born April 24, 1974) is an American actor. He won the Independent Spirit Award for his big-screen debut performance in the 2002 film "Antwone Fisher", directed and produced by Denzel Washington. Luke played Gabe Jones in "". He currently stars as a main character Kevin Porter in the Netflix original series "13 Reasons Why".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Luke was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, the son of Marjorie Dixon, a pianist, and Maurice Luke, a former actor. His father is from Georgetown, Guyana. He attended Henry Snyder High School and graduated from Linden High School.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Luke played one of the four male leads in Spike Lee's 2008 war film "Miracle at St. Anna", replacing Wesley Snipes, who had to leave the film due to his highly publicized tax problems.

paragraph: Luke played a small role as a nurse in the 1999 episode "White Collar" of the sitcom "The King of Queens", and appeared on the NBC show "Trauma". He played one of the group members of Mayhem in the "Moesha" episode "Mayhem at the Jam Esp" (March 19, 2001).

paragraph: He plays Alicia Keys' love interest in her music video for "Teenage Love Affair". He played singer Monica's love interest in her music video for "So Gone". Luke played Sean 'Puffy' Combs in the 2009 film "Notorious", and James 'Boobie' Miles in the 2004 film "Friday Night Lights".

paragraph: Luke was cast to play Bobby Joe in Glory Road.

paragraph: Luke played Gabe Jones, a member of the Howling Commandos, in the 2011 film "".

paragraph: In June 2011, Luke also began starring in the TNT original medical drama series "HawthoRNe" as Miles Bourdet, an assistant surgeon from Chicago.

paragraph: From February to April 2013, Luke played the character of "Gregory" in the FX series "The Americans". In 2015, he played Malcolm Devoe, head of security for Empire Entertainment on the TV series "Empire" and Cookie's secret love interest. In March, 2018, he was cast in the lead role of the NBC pilot "Suspicion."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Since 1998, Luke has been married to actress Sophia Adella Luke.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview, 1/12/06, LIFETEEN.com

description: American actor

wikidata_label: Derek Luke

wikipedia_title: Derek Luke


text:
Albret
Tartas
Charles II of Albret
Count of Dreux
Anne of Armagnac
Rohan
Alain I of Albret
Frances, Countess of Périgord
John II, Duke of Bourbon

paragraph: Jean I of Albret

paragraph: Jean I of Albret (1425 – 3 January 1468), 15th Lord of Albret, was a Viscount of Tartas.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Charles II of Albret, Count of Dreux and of Anne of Armagnac.

paragraph: As he predeceased his father, he never ruled Albret.

paragraph: He married Catherine de Rohan (1425–1471), daughter of Alain IX de Rohan and Marguerite de Dreux, dame de Guillac. They had 3 children :

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alain I of Albret, 16th Lord of Albret, married in 1470 with Frances, Countess of Périgord

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary of Albret, married in 1480 with Bonfile del Giudice, count of Castres

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louise of Albret ( – 8 September 1494), married in 1480 with Jacques, Lord of Estouteville (4 December 1448 – 12 March 1489), and mistress of John II, Duke of Bourbon

description: French nobleman

wikidata_label: Jean I of Albret

wikipedia_title: Jean I of Albret


text:
Iran
1959 World Wrestling Championships
1960 Summer Olympics

categories: 1999 deaths,People from Nishapur,Olympic wrestlers of Iran,Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Iranian male sport wrestlers,1923 births

paragraph: Yaghoub Ali Shourvarzi

paragraph: Yaghoub Ali Shourvarzi (, 4 May 1924 – 1999) was an Iranian heavyweight freestyle wrestler. He placed sixth at the 1959 World Wrestling Championships and tenth at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

description: Iranian sport wrestler

wikidata_label: Yaghoub Ali Shourvarzi

wikipedia_title: Yaghoub Ali Shourvarzi


text:
Tindersticks
Jim Noir
The Earlies
King Creosote
Micah P. Hinson
Gareth Cousins
The Earlies
The Webb Brothers
David Potts
KC Rules OK
Half Cousin
BBC 6 Music
Beggars Banquet Records
Jesca Hoop
Back To Creation
Daniel Johnston
Canada
Said The Whale
Jens Lekman
Marina and the Diamonds
Coldplay
Gareth Cousins
Back To Creation
Sara Lowes Official Website

categories: Musicians from Manchester,21st-century British singers,British folk musicians,British pop pianists,Living people,British singer-songwriters,1982 births

paragraph: Sara Lowes

paragraph: Sara Lowes (born 2 July 1982) is a musician and writer based in Manchester UK.

paragraph: Her debut mini album Tomorrow's Laughter was released with Red Deer Club Records in 2008, and she went on to support Tindersticks for their European tour of 'The Hungry Saw’. Her second album, Back To Creation, was self-released in the UK on 23 May 2011 and received impressive reviews from various UK media. Lowes has performed and recorded with other critically acclaimed artists such as Jim Noir, The Earlies, King Creosote, Micah P. Hinson.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lowes was born in County Durham and moved with her family to Buckinghamshire and South Wales before settling in Lancashire in 1989. After finishing art college Sara started writing and recording her own material with Gareth Cousins before joining The Earlies in 2003. The Earlies first album "These Were The Earlies" was released in 2005 and in the same year Lowes recorded vocals for Micah P. Hinsons album "The Gospel Of Progress" produced by The Earlies.

paragraph: Lowes also released a collaboration 7 inch vinyl with The Earlies featuring The Webb Brothers track "I've been Waiting" featuring Lowes's writing on the B-side "Thomas Danger Hatton".

paragraph: In 2006 Sara started playing keys for David Potts and Jim Noir and also as a member of The Earlies live band backed King Creosote during the album "KC Rules OK". In 2007 Lowes sang backing vocals on Windmill's debut record "Puddle City Racing Lights" released on Melodic Records. In the same year Lowes joined Half Cousin and sang backing vocals on the second album release "Iodine" and played keys live for the band.

paragraph: After 5 years of session work Lowes released her first solo mini album "Tomorrow's Laughter" on Red Deer Club Records in 2008. The album got picked up by Tindersticks who after hearing her on BBC 6 Music, asked Lowes to support them on their tour of their seventh studio album "Hungry Saw", released in April 2008 on Beggars Banquet Records in the UK and Europe, and on Constellation Records in North America.

paragraph: Sara finished writing a second solo record "Back To Creation" in 2010. In February 2011 Lowes rejoined The Earlies to back King Creosote a further time and record the live album "Lancashire Bits Of Strange".

paragraph: In March 2011 Lowes sang backing vocals for Jesca Hoop during on her "Snow Globe" EP. Lowes released her full album "Back To Creation" on 23 May 2011.

paragraph: In August 2011 Lowes joined The Earlies once more as backing band to Daniel Johnston. Lowes toured Canada in September and October 2011 supporting Said The Whale, label friends on Hidden Pony Records who released the record in Canada and The States. At the start of 2012 Lowes travelled to Sweden to meet and play keyboards for Jens Lekman. In April 2012 Lowes joined the live band for Marina and the Diamonds for her second album release "Electra Heart" and supported Coldplay on the Europe and America tours.

paragraph: Sara Lowes' second album, "The Joy of Waiting", co-produced by band member Nicky Madden and saxophone) and herself, and mixed by Gareth Cousins, is due out in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tomorrow's Laughter" (2008, mini-album)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Back To Creation" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All for the Dream (With the Means of a Well Planned Getaway)" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Joy of Waiting" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sara Lowes Official Website

description: Musician - Writer

wikidata_label: Sara Lowes

wikipedia_title: Sara Lowes


text:
Charles I
Ligny
Brienne
René of Savoy
John III
Traînel

categories: Counts of Brienne,1557 deaths,Year of birth unknown,House of Luxembourg,Counts of Ligny

paragraph: Anthony II, Count of Ligny

paragraph: Anthony II, Count of Ligny (d. 8 February 1557) was a son of Count Charles I and his wife Charlotte of Estouteville. In 1530, he succeeded his father as count of Ligny and Brienne.

paragraph: In 1535, he married Margaret, a daughter of René of Savoy, Count of Villars. They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John III (d. 1576)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthony (d. 1573)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madeleine (d. 1588), married Christophe Jouvenel des Ursins. Marquis de Traînel

wikidata_label: Anthony II, Count of Ligny

wikipedia_title: Anthony II, Count of Ligny


text: Storkow, Brandenburg

text: Preußisch Holland

text: Bishop

text: Pomesania

text: Reformation

text: Prussia

text: Frankfurt (Oder)

text: Bologna

text: Doctor

text: Duchy of Legnica

text: Frederick II

text: Albert

text: Bishopric of Pomesania

text: cathedral chapter

text: Marienwerder

text: Riesenburg

text: Bratislava

text: Kraków

text: Teutonic State of Prussia

text: Danzig

text: Kiel

text: Dorothea

text: George of Polentz

text: Duchy of Prussia

text: Lutherans

text: Schönberg

text: nun

text: Poor Clares

text: Strzelin

text: Prussian Landtag

text: Königsberg

text: Paul Tschackert

categories: Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism,16th-century Lutheran bishops,People from Oder-Spree,1529 deaths,1490 births,16th-century German people

paragraph: Erhard of Queis

paragraph: Erhard of Queis (born: in Storkow, Brandenburg † 10 September 1529 in Preußisch Holland) was Bishop of Pomesania. He is considered one of the pioneers of the Reformation in Prussia.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Details of Queis's youth are not available.

paragraph: He enrolled at the University of Frankfurt (Oder) in 1506. In 1515, he went to Bologna to read law. It is not clear whether he acquired the degree of Doctor during either of these studies. By 1523, he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Legnica, serving Duke Frederick II. In this position, he met Grand Master Albert, who persuaded him to join the Teutonic Order and take over the vacant second Prussian Bishopric of Pomesania. Queis was elected bishop by the Pomesanian cathedral chapter of Marienwerder on 10 September 1523. His election was never confirmed by the Pope, since Queis professed to evangelic Lutheran Reformation. He took up residence in Riesenburg Castle anyway.

paragraph: Grand Master Albert had great confidence in Queis' legal and administrative expertise. He sent Erhard to negotiations in Pressburg (Bratislava) and Kraków about the secularisation of the Teutonic State of Prussia on the Baltic coast. Queis paid homage to the King of Poland, as protector/patron on Albert's behalf. He carried out similar missions later. When he accompanied the Duke to Danzig in 1526, he was already wearing secular clothing.

paragraph: Queis also travelled to Kiel, to conclude a marriage contract for Duke Albert, who coveted the hand of the Danish king's daughter Dorothea. This kind of diplomatic services for the young Duchy kept him from fulfilling his ecclesiastical duties for a long time. Queis sided wholly with the Reformation, just like his predecessor, bishop George of Polentz.

paragraph: At the end of 1524, Queis published his reform program . In this program he posits out that Christ instituted only two sacraments, and that laws of mortals in the Church should be abolished. He demanded that church services should be in German and forbade the worship of the Eucharist and the Corpus Christi procession. His 19th thesis was: "The daily Mass is an abomination to God: therefore it shall henceforth not be held in any church nor anywhere else". He allowed priest and members of religious orders to marry. The Duchy of Prussia adopted in 1525 a new Church Order written by the two bishops Polentz and Queis, who had turned Lutherans.

paragraph: Queis and Polentz had ceded temporal power over their bishoprics to the Duke, and only retained the Lordships of Marienwerder und Schönberg. Queis married Duchess Apollonia, a daughter of Victor of Poděbrady, Duke of Münsterberg and Opava, who had been a nun in the Poor Clares monastery at Strzelin.

paragraph: Erhard of Queis died in 1529, on his return from a convention of the Prussian Landtag in Königsberg. His widow died in 1534.

paragraph: Section::::References and sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Tschackert: "Urkundenbuch zur Reformationsgeschichte des Herzogthums Preußen", vol. 1, Leipzig, 1890, p. 39

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Stupperich: "Die Reformation im Ordensland Preußen", Ulm, 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. Hubatsch: "Geschichte der evangelischen Kirche in Ostpreußen", vo1, Göttingen, 1968, passim

description: Bishop of Pomesania

wikidata_label: Erhard of Queis

wikipedia_title: Erhard of Queis


text:
San Luca
'Ndrangheta
Calabria
Antonio
pentiti
Piromalli 'ndrina
Gioia Tauro
capo crimine
Bianco

categories: 1995 deaths,1995 murders in Europe,Murdered 'Ndranghetisti,1990s murders in Italy,'Ndranghetisti,1913 births,People from San Luca,Deaths by firearm in Italy

paragraph: Giuseppe Nirta (born 1913)

paragraph: Giuseppe Nirta (; San Luca, 1913 – March 19, 1995), was a historical boss of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type organisation in Calabria]]. He hailed from San Luca in Calabria. Together with his brothers Antonio, Francesco and Sebastiano, he ruled the town, a stronghold of the 'Ndrangheta.

paragraph: Nirta was one of the most important figures of the 'Ndrangheta. He is described as one of the senior members of the Calabrian "provincial commission". He was a member of the highest level of the clan, the "maggiore". Since the mid-1970s, according to several pentiti, members of the Nirta family the Piromalli 'ndrina from Gioia Tauro rotated among themselves the position of capo crimine.

paragraph: He was arrested in September 1992, together with 33 others during Operation Aspromonte. Because of his advanced age he was granted house arrest. Before he could stand trial, however, he was killed on March 19, 1995, at his home in Bianco, with five bullets in the head.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paoli, Letizia (2003). "Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style", Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press

description: Ndranghetisti boss

wikidata_label: Giuseppe Nirta

wikipedia_title: Giuseppe Nirta (born 1913)


text: House of Ascania

text: Anhalt-Aschersleben

text: Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben

text: Henry

text: Henry III the White

text: Wrocław

text: Henry, Lord of Pleissnerland

text: Albert II, Margrave of Meissen

text: Otto II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben

categories: Princes of Anhalt-Aschersleben,1304 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Otto I, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben

paragraph: Otto I, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben (died 25 June 1304) was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Aschersleben.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben, by his wife Matilda, daughter of Otto the Child, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Otto was named after his maternal grandfather.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: After the death of his father in 1266, Otto and his younger brother Henry inherited the principality of Anhalt-Aschersleben as co-rulers; but because they were still underage, their mother Matilda assumed the regency of Aschersleben until 1270, when both brothers were declared adults.

paragraph: Otto continued to rule jointly with his brother until 1283, when Henry (already a provost) renounced his rights. From that time, Otto ruled alone until his own death.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: In 1283 Otto married Hedwig (b. ca. 1256 - d. aft. 14 December 1300), daughter of Henry III the White, Duke of Wrocław, and widow of Henry, Lord of Pleissnerland, eldest son of Albert II, Margrave of Meissen. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Otto II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben (d. 24 July 1315).

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Sophie, married bef. 1308 to Count Ulrich III of Regenstein-Heimburg.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Elisabeth, married ca. 1300 to Count Frederick of Beichlingen-Rotenburg.

description: German prince

wikidata_label: Otto I, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben

wikipedia_title: Otto I, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben