text:
Venice
vedute
Michele Marieschi
Busto Arsizio

categories: 1721 births,Venetian painters,Italian male painters,18th-century Italian painters,1757 deaths

paragraph: Francesco Albotto

paragraph: Francesco Albotto (1721–1757) was an Italian painter from Venice, mainly producing "vedute". He was a pupil of Michele Marieschi. After Marieschi's death, Albotto married his widow and took over his shop, and continued to produce paintings in a similar style until his own death, which has led to some problems in attributing paintings to Marieschi versus Albotto.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Veduta del Molo e del Bacino di San Marco", Sotheby's, New York,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "San Giuseppe di Castello" (1745), oil canvas, private collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Campo Santi Giovanni"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Molo San Marco"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capriccio con obelisco", oil canvas, Galleria Lorenzelli, Bergame,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capriccio con obelisco e arco gotico", oil canvas, Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venise,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Campo dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo", oil canvas, Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venise,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "View of grand canal with the Santa Maria della Salute church", oil canvas,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "View of the camp and doors of the Arsenal" (1743–1746),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "View of the Piazzetta, with the Palazzo Ducale and the Biblioteca Marciana," Westbury Fine Art ltd, oil on canvas

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. Toledano, "Michele Marieschi: l'opera completa", Milan, 1988,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dario Succi, "Marieschi: tra Canaletto e Guardi", catalogue, Turin, 1989,

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Manzelli, "Michele Marieschi e il suo alter-ego Francesco Albotto", Venise, 1991,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domenico Sedini, Francesco Albotto, online catalogue Artgate of the "Fondazione Cariplo", 2010, CC-BY-SA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miklós Boskovits, Giorgio Fossaluzza"La collezione Cagnola. I dipinti," editor: Nomos Edizioni, Busto Arsizio, 1998.

alias:
Francesco Albotti
François Albotto

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Francesco Albotto

wikipedia_title: Francesco Albotto


text:
Dallas, Texas
Lincoln High School
K104
Idol Records
Symbolyc One (S1)
Beyoncé
Kanye West
Strange Fruit Project
Strange Fruit Project
Symbolyc One's
American Airlines Center
Mark Cuban
SPIN Magazine
Dallas Observer
D Magazine
Paul Mooney
YouTube
Giant Magazine
Questlove
The Roots
Q-Tip
Questlove
Dallas Observer
Big Daddy Kane
Kool G. Rap
J. Dilla
Stevie Wonder
Erykah Badu
Marvin Gaye
The Pharcyde
A Tribe Called Quest
Fabolous
Sway Calloway
Questlove's
Okayplayer.com
Official site of Pikahsso

categories: Rappers from Dallas,21st-century American rappers,African-American male rappers,1970 births,Living people

paragraph: Pikahsso

paragraph: Terry Wayne Jones Jr. (born February 1, 1970), primarily known by his stage name Pikahsso, is an American hip hop artist from Dallas, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Jones grew up in South Dallas, Texas. He graduated from Lincoln High School where he sang bass in the choir, and began to develop his skill through vocals and visuals which shaped his stage name. He later attended the Dallas branch of the Columbia School of Broadcasting (now defunct) in the late 1980s.

paragraph: Jones was a member of the hip hop group Dysphunkshunal, which also recorded introductions for segments such as the "Skip Murphy Morning Show" on K104 in the mid-1990s. He later signed to Idol Records from 2006-2008 as a member of the group PPT. He has worked alongside music producer Symbolyc One (S1), who has co-produced tracks for Beyoncé and Kanye West, and who is also a member of the group Strange Fruit Project. Jones and his label mates released the video for “"Down South Girl"” that featured Strange Fruit Project in 2006, which was also produced by S1. Jones was also featured in Symbolyc One's "Music Box" album as well as hip hop producer Erotic D's "The Black Bruce Willis", which was released in late 2008.

paragraph: He, along with then group PPT, created the 2006 Dallas Mavericks playoffs theme song "Roudy, Loud, and Proud" shooting the video at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, which was announced by Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban. The song was performed during the playoffs. The group has been featured in SPIN Magazine, and was recognized as best Rap/Hip-Hop group by Dallas Observer in 2007. The group mutually split up due to irreconcilable differences in mid-2008.

paragraph: Jones is known for his knowledge of the hip hop music scene of the city of Dallas, Texas. His efforts to preserve the hip hop music history of his city are noted through his consistent acknowledgement and mentioning of legendary figures past and present. Dick Sullivan with D Magazine states, "The history of rap in the Metroplex is a story Pikahsso tells with unflagging enthusiasm and pride, because, in the tradition of hip hop self-reference, it is his story too.

paragraph: Jones is currently a member of the Hip Hop duo AwkQuarius based in Dallas, Texas. He also co-owns the production company WhackPiktures with close friend and AwkQuarius member Walter Archey III, who goes by the stage name Tahiti. AwkQuarius was the opening act for the taping of a Showtime Network special featuring Paul Mooney.

paragraph: The hip hop duo created the "Fat Albert N the Hood" YouTube cartoon series, in which Giant Magazine describes as "a 180 from the original". The series gained exposure from the likes of drummer Questlove from the group The Roots, and rapper Q-Tip.

paragraph: Jones was a show co-host for Questlove along with hip hop artist Bavu Blakes. He has been a frequent subject in the Dallas Observer, and continues his work on upcoming music projects.

paragraph: Section::::Music style.

paragraph: Jones has been influenced by the styles of artists such as Big Daddy Kane, Kool G. Rap, J. Dilla, Stevie Wonder, Erykah Badu, Marvin Gaye, The Pharcyde, A Tribe Called Quest, and music instrumentalist and composer Miguel Atwood-Ferguson.

paragraph: Known for adding the letter “p” to creative word play along with his own singing vocals and free-styles in his music, Jones credits himself as the founder of what he calls “Celestial Brainphunk”. He defines his music style as a concoction of hip hop, R&B, jazz, and salsa elements combined with derivatives of funk. In an interview with MTV Rapfix Live, Rapper Fabolous discussed Pikahsso’s video for “"P-00",” stating of his musical style “…it caught my attention just from being different.” In the same interview, MTV host Sway Calloway stated that his was “definitely a different style for coming out of Dallas.” Questlove's site Okayplayer.com reviews Jones' work in PPT's first album titled "Tres Monos in Love" stating, "The beats are mainly upbeat soul, which provides a canvas for Pikahsso’s harmonizing."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Jones has one daughter, and has never been married.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site of Pikahsso

description: American rapper

wikidata_label: Pikahsso

wikipedia_title: Pikahsso


text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Auxiliary Bishop

text: Episcopal Vicar

text: Archdiocese of Chicago

text: Kazimierza Wielka

text: Poland

text: Kraków

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Chicago

text: Titular Bishop

text: Naraggara

text: Francis George

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

categories: Polish emigrants to the United States,Christianity in Chicago,American Roman Catholic bishops,Religious leaders from Illinois,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago,Polish titular bishops,American titular bishops,1954 births,Living people

paragraph: Andrew Peter Wypych

paragraph: Andrew Peter Wypych (born December 5, 1954) is a Polish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as an Auxiliary Bishop and Episcopal Vicar of the Archdiocese of Chicago.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Wypych was born in Kazimierza Wielka, Poland, and attended elementary and secondary schools there. He attended seminary in Kraków, Poland, graduating with his Masters in Theology.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Ordination and ministry.

paragraph: He was ordained April 29, 1979 for the Archdiocese of Kraków, Poland and served as an associate pastor there from 1979 to 1983, the year he came to the United States and petitioned for incardination in the Archdiocese of Chicago. He was incardinated in 1989.

paragraph: In the Archdiocese of Chicago, Wypych served as associate pastor, Five Holy Martyrs Parish ( April 10, 1983 – December 1, 1983); associate pastor, St. Giles Parish ( December 1, 1983 – 1985); associate pastor, St. Ladislaus Parish (January 5, 1985-July 1986); associate pastor, parochial administrator and pastor of St. Pancratius Parish (July 1986-April 30, 2002); pastor, Five Holy Martyrs Parish (October 29, 1996 – October 4, 1999) and pastor, St. Francis Borgia Parish ( May 1, 2002 – July 31, 2011).

paragraph: Wypych served as Dean of Deanery IV-D (July 1, 2007 – August 10, 2011) and was a member of the Archdiocesan College of Consultors (January 1, 2010 – June 13, 2011).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago.

paragraph: On June 13, 2011, Pope Benedict XVI named Wypych an Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago and Titular Bishop of Naraggara. He received his episcopal consecration on August 10, 2011, from Cardinal Francis George, OMI, with Bishop Józek Guzdek and Archbishop Gustavo Garcia-Siller, M.Sp.S. as co-consecrators. As an auxiliary bishop, Wypych also serves as Episcopal Vicar for Vicariate V.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Andrew Peter Wypych

wikipedia_title: Andrew Peter Wypych


text:
hard rock
Beautiful Creatures
L.A. Guns
Phil Lewis
Scott Griffin
Villains of Vaudeville
Los Angeles, California
Black 'n Blue
Kiss
Tommy Thayer
Sire Records
Geffen
The Real World
Road Rules
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Mad About You
BulletBoys
DJ Ashba
Bang Tango
Joe Lesté
Anthony Focx
Glen Sobel
Beautiful Creatures
Warner Bros.
Deuce
JVC
Spitfire Records
Kiss
Genitorturers
Stephen Pearcy
Ratt
Faster Pussycat
Ozzfest
Rocklahoma
Valentine
Rollerball
The Proposal
Smallville
Sons of Anarchy
Scott Griffin
Phil Lewis
Beautiful Creatures
Deuce
Kenny Kweens
Myspace
Villains of Vaudeville Website
Villains of Vaudeville
Myspace
L.A. Guns Biography

categories: Guitarists from Louisiana,Guitarists from Los Angeles,L.A. Guns members,Beautiful Creatures (band) members,Guitarists from Mississippi,American male bass guitarists,Glam metal musicians,American heavy metal bass guitarists,Musicians from New Orleans,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,American rock bass guitarists

paragraph: Kenny Kweens

paragraph: Kenny Kweens is an American musician who is best known for his nine-year tenure as bassist in the hard rock band Beautiful Creatures. In 2009, Kweens left the group and joined L.A. Guns (fronted by Phil Lewis), replacing previous bassist Scott Griffin. However, in 2011, Kweens departed, replaced by Griffin. On September 22, 2014, it was announced that Griffin had once again departed the band, and Kweens rejoined the band.

paragraph: Prior to joining Beautiful Creatures, Kweens was a member of Shake the Faith, No. 9, Diamond Star Halo and Melody Black while in 2008 he formed his own solo project titled Villains of Vaudeville.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Shake the Faith, No. 9 (1994).

paragraph: Kweens joined the group Shake the Faith, formed in Los Angeles, California by singer David Aragon in 1994, which featured former Black 'n Blue and current Kiss guitarist Tommy Thayer. They released one album, "America the Violent" in 1994. The group changed their name to "No. 9" and recorded a CD for Hi/Fi/Sire Records titled "Greatest Hits" which was bought out by Geffen, however the group disbanded before its release.

paragraph: Both groups had music featured on television shows such as The Real World, Road Rules, Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Mad About You.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Beautiful Creatures (2000–2009).

paragraph: In 1999, BulletBoys guitarist DJ Ashba and Bang Tango singer Joe Lesté formed Beautiful Creatures adding Kweens, guitarist Anthony Focx and drummer Glen Sobel. The group released "Beautiful Creatures" in 2001 through Warner Bros., and, after some lineup changes, "Deuce" in 2005 through JVC/Spitfire Records. In 2009, Beautiful Creatures disbanded.

paragraph: Beautiful Creatures also toured and supported and number of acts such as Kiss, Genitorturers, Stephen Pearcy of Ratt, Faster Pussycat while they have also performed at festivals such as Ozzfest and Rocklahoma.

paragraph: A number of songs by the group have featured on soundtracks for films such as Valentine, Rollerball, The Proposal and also television series such as Smallville and Sons of Anarchy.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Villains of Vaudeville (2008–present).

paragraph: In 2008, Kenny Kweens moved to center mic as a vocalist to front his own project titled, Villains of Vaudeville. In 2013 Villains of Vaudeville released Villains De Vaudeville a full-length CD produced by Tracy Swider, (Hate Times Nine). Villains Of Vaudeville released 3 videos from the CD "The Devil Is Waiting", "Demolition Baby" and "Black Heart Saints".

paragraph: Section::::History.:L.A. Guns (2009–2011, 2014–present).

paragraph: In July 2009, Kweens was announced as the replacement for the departed Scott Griffin in the Phil Lewis fronted L.A. Guns. In January 2011, Kweens departed the band, with Griffin returning to the lineup.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shake the Faith

paragraph: BULLET::::- "America the Violent" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beautiful Creatures

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beautiful Creatures" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deuce " (2005)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Songs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Villains of Vaudeville

paragraph: BULLET::::2. The Devil is Waiting (3:44)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Plastic Jesus (3:13)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Demolition Baby (2:59)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kenny Kweens on Myspace

paragraph: BULLET::::- Villains of Vaudeville Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Villains of Vaudeville on Myspace

paragraph: BULLET::::- L.A. Guns Biography

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Kenny Kweens

wikipedia_title: Kenny Kweens


text:
Fists of Harmony and Justice
Boxer Uprising
Fists of Harmony and Justice
Zhili Province
Qing Dynasty
Fists of Harmony and Justice
Fists of Harmony and Justice
Wangkou
Tianjin
Viceroy of Zhili

categories: Chinese nationalists,Chinese rebels,Chinese people of the Boxer Rebellion,19th-century Chinese people,1846 births

paragraph: Zhang Decheng

paragraph: Zhang Decheng or Chang De-Cheng (; 1846 – late-July 1900) was a Chinese nationalist and leader of the Fists of Harmony and Justice during the Boxer Uprising. Though working as a boatman during his youth, he would spend much of the Boxer Rebellion as a leader of the group he created, the Fists of Harmony and Justice.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in either Zhaozhang or Goucun village in the Zhili Province of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang would spend much of his youth as a boatman along the Daqing, Ziya, and other rivers in Zhili.

paragraph: As time went on and foreign contacts in Northern China increased, particularly the actions of western missionaries, Zhang and other similar-minded individuals would set out to "destroy foreigners". Though the Fists of Harmony and Justice did exist during the mid-1890s, they proved only to be a minor inconvenience to any official Qing or foreign affairs due to the group's small size, lack of influence, and mostly local actions taken by bands of around 50 men each. In 1899, a compatriot of Zhang, Zhao Sandu set out to establish order in the Fists of Harmony and Justice's ranks during a conference at the Yaoli Yaowang Temple in Wangkou. Both Zhang Decheng and Cao Futian would develop the creation of the First Heavenly Regiment, along with the structure of their organisation, which was as follows:

paragraph: Though central structure for the organisation was formed, the group relied on a system of small groups of men under local leaders, which was to be replaced (in some capacity) by the new First Heavenly Regiment. And for this new group that was created, Zhang required more members for his group, which was done by trying to convince Boxer followers that he had magical abilities. He supposedly hid a knife in the ground, somewhere in Tianjin, and then claimed that this place was "dangerous". His followers then dug up the area and found the knife, and were convinced that Zhang did indeed possess supernatural powers. In early 1900, he proclaimed himself "Number One Boxer" and said he had a mandate from the gods. He led at that time several thousand followers.

paragraph: In early June 1900, Zhang Decheng went to see the Viceroy of Zhili, Yu Lu. He presented himself to him as the founder of the Boxer movement, and the viceroy promised to provide the Boxers with money and equipment.

paragraph: For many, he was considered as the supreme Boxer leader.

wikidata_label: Zhang Decheng

wikipedia_title: Zhang Decheng


text: Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps

text: Charlbury

text: Oxford High School

text: University College, Reading

text: Scarborough

text: First World War

text: Women's Legion

text: Florence Leach

text: Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps

text: Le Havre

text: Bourges

text: Menston

text: 1918 New Year Honours

text: 1919 Birthday Honours

categories: Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps officers,1886 births,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,People educated at Oxford High School, England,Alumni of the University of Reading,1950 deaths

paragraph: Hilda Horniblow

paragraph: Emilie Hilda Dalton, (née Horniblow; 1886–1950) was an English army officer and teacher. She served as chief controller of Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: She was born on 24 June 1886 in Charlbury, Oxfordshire, and was educated at Oxford High School and University College, Reading. She became a teacher in Scarborough but left teaching during the First World War.

paragraph: She initially joined the Women's Legion, superintending kitchens at a convalescent camp in Eastbourne and running an officers' mess in Kent. She rose to become Deputy Commandant of the Military Cooking Section.

paragraph: She was then appointed as deputy to Florence Leach, controller of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, which was renamed in April 1917 as Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps (QMAAC). She was promoted to chief controller and sent to France, arriving in Le Havre on 9 July 1917. She eventually had charge of a detachment of 1,000 women attached to the United States Army's record office in Bourges, before being recalled to England in July 1918 to take up the post of chief controller in England on the death of Mrs Long.

paragraph: After the war Horniblow became headmistress of a women's evening institute in London and in 1935 she was appointed staff inspector for women's subjects in technical institutions.

paragraph: She married John Dalton (born 1885/86) in 1941, and retired in 1942. She died at her married home in Menston, West Yorkshire, on 2 January 1950.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: In the 1918 New Year Honours, Horniblow was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE). She was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1919 Birthday Honours "for valuable services rendered in connection with the War".

description: Horniblow [<em>married name </em>Dalton], (Emilie) Hilda (1886–1950), chief controller of Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps and educationist

wikidata_label: Hilda Horniblow

wikipedia_title: Hilda Horniblow


text: racing cyclist

text: 2018 Commonwealth Games

text: Jon Andrews

categories: 1999 births,Cyclists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games,Commonwealth Games competitors for New Zealand,New Zealand female cyclists,Living people

paragraph: Ellesse Andrews

paragraph: Ellesse Andrews (born 31 December 1999) is a New Zealand racing cyclist. She represented New Zealand at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in the individual pursuit and time trial.

paragraph: Andrews won four medals, including two gold at the UCI Junior Track Cycling World Championships. Her father is Olympic cyclist Jon Andrews.

paragraph: Section::::Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019

description: New Zealand cyclist

wikidata_label: Ellesse Andrews

wikipedia_title: Ellesse Andrews


text:
Victorian
Punch
George Bowers
Dean of Manchester
Rector
St Paul's, Covent Garden
Derbyshire
Manchester School of Art
Mark Lemon
Shirley Brooks
John Leech

categories: 1836 births,Artists from London,19th-century British artists,1912 deaths,English illustrators,19th-century women artists

paragraph: Georgina Bowers

paragraph: Georgina Bowers (1836–1912) was a Victorian comic illustrator, and one of the first female humourists to be acknowledged professionally. As a child she had a personal connection with animals, and later in life realistic drawings of horses and dogs became common features in her artwork. Bowers is noted most highly for her work as an illustrator for Punch, though she published many of her own comics as well.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Georgina Bowers was a Victorian illustrator born in 1836 in London, England. Her mother died before Bowers got to know her, and her father, George Bowers was the Dean of Manchester, though he was the Rector of St Paul's, Covent Garden at the time of Bowers’ birth.

paragraph: As a child, Bowers loved country life and animals, which would both become recurring subjects of her later work. From a young age she took an interest in drawing dogs and horses, though her governess discouraged it, insisting instead that she focus on needlework and reading. This proved fruitless, however, and Bowers ended up drawing in most of her free time, of which she had quite a lot.

paragraph: At 15 she was sent away from home to Derbyshire, where she was tutored privately in subjects such as music, drawing, and German. Here, however, despite being tutored in drawing, she was discouraged yet again from drawing animals. Instead, her teacher only advised her in watercolour sketching, which was deemed more appropriate for a young woman such as herself.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After her coming out, in which she was presented officially as a woman in society ready to be married, she decided to begin studying at the Manchester School of Art. This was unusual for a woman in her position, and she devoted much of her time to it.

paragraph: Later she became an illustrator for Punch, working with artists such as Mark Lemon, Shirley Brooks, and John Leech. After Leech died in 1864, however, she moved to Hertfordshire to work and be near the countryside she loved so dearly as a child. This move proved beneficial for her, as she was able to partake in many sporting studies, as well as artistic studies of horses and dogs while hunting. Additionally, Bowers once stated that the vast majority of the jokes in her own publications were inspired by incidents that had occurred while out hunting.

paragraph: By 1876, Bowers was designing nearly all of the hunting subjects for Punch, and spent her days with her dogs or on horseback, keeping a sketchbook in her saddlebag at all times so that she could draw the animals and scenery around her.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Some of Bowers’ publications include (but are not limited to):

paragraph: BULLET::::- “"Hollybush Hall, or, Open House in an Open Country"”, a collection of 16 of her comics (1871)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The illustrations for “"A Loose Rein"” by Elim Henry D'Avigdor (1887)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The illustrations for “"Castles and Their Heroes"" by Barbara Hutton (1868)

wikidata_label: Georgina Bowers

wikipedia_title: Georgina Bowers


text: New Spain

text: The Californias

text: Governor of The Californias

text: Compostela

text: New Spain

text: Loreto, Baja California

text: presidio

text: Ferdinand Konščak

text: Wenceslaus Linck

text: Jesuits were expelled

text: Franciscans

text: New Spain

text: José de Gálvez

text: Gaspar de Portolá

text: Junípero Serra

text: In 1769

text: Gaspar de Portolá

text: Portolá expedition

text: San Diego

text: Juan Crespí

text: Junípero Serra

text: Pedro Fages

text: Juan Bautista de Anza

text: Palo Alto

text: mission

text: San Jose, California

text: Francisco Palóu

text: Golden Gate

text: found San Francisco Bay

text: Oakland

text: long valley

text: Kumeyaay

text: mission at San Diego

text: Junípero Serra

text: Pedro Font

text: Fermín Lasuén

text: Los Ángeles

text: Francisco Garcés

text: Colorado River

text: Quechan

text: Mexican–American War

categories: 1781 deaths,People of New Spain,People temporarily excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church,Californios,Spanish explorers of North America,Governors of the Californias,History of Baja California,Explorers of California,1725 births

paragraph: Fernando Rivera y Moncada

paragraph: Fernando Javier Rivera y Moncada (c. 1725 – July 18, 1781), born in Mexico, was a soldier of the Spanish Empire in New Spain. He served in the far north-western frontier of New Spain, in The Californias ("Las Californias"), participating in several early overland explorations. Fernando Rivera y Moncada served as third Governor of The Californias, from 1774–1777.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Mexico.

paragraph: Rivera was born near Compostela, New Spain (Mexico). His father, Don Cristóbal de Rivera, was locally prominent and a local office holder. Rivera was born of Don Cristóbal's second wife, Josefa Ramón de Moncada. Rivera had a total of 10 siblings and half-siblings; he was ninth in birth order. In the caste system of colonial Spain, Rivera's pure Spanish blood but local birth made him a "criollo", one step down in the social order from those born in Spain.

paragraph: Rivera entered military service in 1742, serving in Loreto, Baja California, at a time when the colonial settlement of that peninsula comprised mostly Jesuit missions. In 1751 Rivera was elevated over several older and higher ranking soldiers to the command of the presidio (military headquarters). He participated in reconnaissance missions to previously-unexplored northern areas of the peninsula, together with the Jesuit missionary-explorers Ferdinand Konščak and Wenceslaus Linck.

paragraph: In 1755, Rivera married Doña María Teresa Dávalos; a marriage probably arranged by their parents. The couple had four children; three boys and a girl. Rivera's tenure as military commander of Baja California was generally successful and he was highly thought of by the Jesuits, though he became embroiled in conflicts with local ranchers and miners whose aims were in conflict with those of the missions.

paragraph: Rivera's situation changed in 1767 when the Jesuits were expelled and replaced in Baja California by Franciscans. The change in mission leadership was concurrent with installation of civil authority by New Spain. The story of the Jesuit expulsion is related to European power struggles of the time, but it had the effect of bringing to Baja California three individuals who shaped the subsequent history of the region: José de Gálvez, appointed "visitador" (roughly equivalent to inspector-general, a powerful office reporting directly to the Crown); Gaspar de Portolá, a Spanish soldier from a noble family, and Junípero Serra, newly-appointed head of the Franciscan missions. Portolá, Serra, and Fernando de Rivera were thus together in remote Baja California at the moment when King Carlos III of Spain (advised by Gálvez), concerned about Russian and British encroachment on Spain's Pacific coast claims, ordered an expedition north to settle more northerly areas of The Californias. The newly explored northern regions became known as Upper ("Alta") California, to distinguish those areas from older Lower ("Baja") California. The Californias were officially split into "Alta" and "Baja" in 1804.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Alta California.

paragraph: BULLET::::- First overland expedition

paragraph: Despite his conflict with the missionaries, Rivera was chosen to be second-in-command on the Portolá expedition, charged with provisioning the entire expedition. In 1769, traveling in advance of expedition leader Gaspar de Portolá, Rivera led the first overland party of the Portolá expedition, reaching San Diego, together with missionary diarist Juan Crespí and road-building-engineer José Cañizares. Portolá and missionary president Junípero Serra, arrived a few weeks later. Establishment of a colony at San Diego achieved the first of the expedition's two primary objectives.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Alta California.:Military Governor of The Californias.

paragraph: Serra and the Franciscans had quarreled with California's second lieutenant (military) governor, Pedro Fages (who replaced Portolá), and Rivera took over as Fages' replacement in 1774. Rivera himself was soon in conflict with Serra and the Franciscans, and also with Juan Bautista de Anza, commander of two new overland expeditions to "Alta" California in 1774-75. The conflict with Serra came because Serra wanted to found as many new missions as possible, while Rivera, with only about 60 soldiers to police a strip of land 450 miles long, wanted to wait for reinforcements. The conflict with Anza arose out of insults (unintentionally) given by Rivera, combined with the strong ego of Anza.

paragraph: Although preferring a site further south (in the area of modern Palo Alto), Rivera ultimately acceded to Serra's wish to locate a mission and presidio at the northern end of the peninsula that is home to modern San Francisco. Missions at Santa Clara and San Juan Capistrano were also founded under Rivera's governorship. (The first civilian town in Alta California, the "Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe" (modern San Jose, California), was founded a few weeks after Rivera departed.)

paragraph: Prior to the arrival of the 1774 Anza expedition, Rivera led scouting expeditions from Monterey to the target areas. Accompanied by missionary Francisco Palóu, this party became the first Europeans to visit the shores of the entrance to San Francisco Bay, later dubbed the "Golden Gate". The earlier Portolá expedition found San Francisco Bay but, view blocked by the intervening hills, failed to discover its narrow entrance channel. The 1772 Fages expedition saw the Golden Gate, but from the opposite side of the bay, in the vicinity of modern Oakland. Also on the 1774 trip, Palóu named a long valley formed (unknown to the explorers) by coastal California's largest earthquake fault, just south of modern San Francisco. Palou's name, "Cañada de San Andrés" later became "San Andreas", and was applied to the fault line itself.

paragraph: When several Kumeyaay Indian communities joined together to sack the mission at San Diego in 1775, governor Rivera had the responsibility of suppressing the revolt. As punishment for the forcible removal of one of the rebels from a temporary church building at the mission, Rivera was excommunicated by leaders of the Alta California Franciscans, including Junípero Serra, Pedro Font (who had quarreled with Rivera) and Fermín Lasuén. Lasuén had been Rivera's only close personal friend during his period in Alta California. Rivera was a religiously observant man and the excommunication clearly troubled him greatly. The excommunication was subsequently overturned when he returned the Indian to the church, then turned around and formally requested that the Indian be handed over to him (which did in fact occur). Even during the events, there was disagreement among the Franciscans over whether excommunication had in fact been warranted.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Alta California.:Post-California duties.

paragraph: Following his tenure as governor, in 1777 Rivera was reassigned as military commander (and vice-governor of The Californias) at Loreto. His final assignment was to recruit settlers for the new "pueblo" (secular settlement) of Los Ángeles, and transport them to Alta California via the overland route from northern Mexico. Although the settlers made it safely to southern California, Rivera and many of his soldiers were killed along with the local missionaries including Francisco Garcés, at Mission San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer on the lower Colorado River during the civil resistance uprising and revolt of the Quechan Indians in 1781. The Quechan (Apache) revolt of 1781 in Arizona was a critical event, because the Indian victory shut down overland transportation between northern Mexico and Alta California for the next 50 years, ensuring that Spain / Mexico would never be able to populate Alta California sufficiently to stave off the swarm of immigrants from eastern North America who would ultimately seize Alta California in the Mexican–American War of 1846–48.

paragraph: Rivera's family had to wait 19 years after his death before the Spanish government finally paid out to them the substantial sums that Rivera was owed for back pay. The delay was mostly due to the fact that most records of what Rivera had been advanced, as well as the actual sums that he had been advanced, had been either destroyed or captured by the Yuma Indians in the 1781 uprising. By the time the payments were finally made, Rivera's widow and three of his four children were already dead (though there were also grandchildren, who had suffered in poverty during the interim).

paragraph: Section::::Rivera's reputation.

paragraph: Rivera has often been viewed somewhat negatively in the historical literature. He is accused of having been uncooperative with Father Serra, too timid about founding new missions, and insufficiently supportive of founding a settlement at San Francisco. Against these positions it is worth pointing out that Rivera had only a handful -- never more than 100 -- soldiers to police 450 miles of California, in which lived tens of thousands of potentially hostile natives; and also that three missions were established under Rivera, while only a single mission would be founded in the ten years after he departed. No one has ever alleged that Rivera was in any way self-serving; it is possible that he was in just slightly over his head in trying to manage the settlement of Alta California - a difficult assignment. But despite his many accomplishments -- leading (and later commanding) several important early explorations, escorting to California a large share of the early settlers, almost all of the civilian livestock, and sustaining the settlements at San Diego and Monterey -- Rivera is little-remembered today except by historians of California. It seems an oversight.

description: Spanish explorer

wikidata_label: Fernando Rivera y Moncada

wikipedia_title: Fernando Rivera y Moncada


text: American

text: writer

text: philosopher

text: Rhodes Scholar

text: Harlem Renaissance

text: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

text: Plato

text: Aristotle

text: W. E. B. Du Bois

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: U.S. Postal Service

text: Institute for Colored Youth

text: War of 1812

text: Central High School

text: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia School of Pedagogy

text: Harvard University

text: Phi Beta Sigma Society

text: Bowdoin prize

text: Rhodes Scholar

text: Hertford College

text: University of Berlin

text: Rhodes Scholar

text: liberal education

text: Goethe

text: to tolerate

text: assistant professor

text: Howard University

text: Phi Beta Sigma

text: Dorothy B. Porter

text: Survey Graphic

text: The New Negro

text: Zora Neale Hurston

text: Bahá'í Faith

text: Bahá'u'lláh

text: 'Abdu'l-Bahá

text: Shoghi Effendi

text: Mr. Gregory

text: Dr. Esslemont

text: cremated

text: Arthur Fauset

text: African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas

text: Philadelphia

text: Moorland–Spingarn Research Center

text: Langston Hughes

text: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture

text: Kurt Schmoke

text: Columbian Harmony Cemetery

text: National Harmony Memorial Park

text: Congressional Cemetery

text: Bahá'í star

text: Zimbabwe Bird

text: lambda

text: Phi Beta Sigma

text: Art Deco

text: bookplate

text: Aaron Douglas

text: Molefi Kete Asante

text: 100 Greatest African Americans

text: Ossie Davis

text: World War II

text: Moorland-Spingarn Research Center

text: Logan Circle

text: Locke High School

text: West Philadelphia

text: Associates in Negro Folk Education

text: Phylon

text: The New Negro: An Interpretation

text: Progressive Education Association

text: Edited, introduced and annotated by Christopher Buck and Betty J. Fisher.

text: Edited, introduced and annotated by Christopher Buck and Betty J. Fisher. World Order 38.3 (2006/2007): 21–41.

text: Harlem Renaissance

text: American philosophy

text: List of American philosophers

text: Leonard Harris

text: Jeffrey C. Stewart

text: "New Voices on the Harlem Renaissance: Essays on Race, Gender, and Literary Discourse"

text: Edwin Mellen Press

text: University of Chicago Press

text: Temple University Press

text: Donald Markwell

text: Entry on Alain Locke

text: Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

text: Hans Ostrom

categories: American male non-fiction writers,Alumni of Hertford College, Oxford,Philosophers from Pennsylvania,Philadelphia School of Pedagogy alumni,American Rhodes Scholars,20th-century American non-fiction writers,LGBT people from Pennsylvania,African-American Bahá'ís,LGBT African Americans,African-American philosophers,20th-century American male writers,20th-century Bahá'ís,Harvard University alumni,Commanders of the National Order of Honour and Merit,Gay writers,African-American academics,1886 births,Burials at the Congressional Cemetery,African-American writers,Writers from Philadelphia,LGBT Bahá'ís,LGBT writers from the United States,Educators from Pennsylvania,American philosophers,1954 deaths,Harlem Renaissance,African-American university administrators

paragraph: Alain LeRoy Locke

paragraph: Alain Leroy Locke (September 13, 1885 – June 9, 1954) was an American writer, philosopher, educator, and patron of the arts. Distinguished as the first African-American Rhodes Scholar in 1907, Locke was the philosophical architect —the acknowledged "Dean"— of the Harlem Renaissance. As a result, popular listings of influential African Americans have repeatedly included him. On March 19, 1968, the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. proclaimed: "We're going to let our children know that the only philosophers that lived were not Plato and Aristotle, but W. E. B. Du Bois and Alain Locke came through the universe."

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Alain Locke was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 13, 1885 to Pliny Ishmael Locke (1850–1892) and Mary Hawkins Locke (1853–1922), both descended from prominent families of free blacks. He was their only child. His father was the first black employee of the U.S. Postal Service, and his paternal grandfather taught at Philadelphia's Institute for Colored Youth. His mother's great-grandfather fought heroically in the War of 1812.

paragraph: His mother Mary, was a teacher and incited her son's passion for education and literature. In 1902, Locke graduated from Central High School in Philadelphia, second in his class. He also attended Philadelphia School of Pedagogy.

paragraph: In 1907, Locke graduated from Harvard University with degrees in English and philosophy, and was honored as a member of the Phi Beta Sigma Society and recipient of the Bowdoin prize. After graduation, he was the first African-American selected as a Rhodes Scholar (and the last to be selected until 1960). At that time, Rhodes selectors did not meet candidates in person, but there is evidence that at least some selectors knew he was African-American. On arriving at Oxford, Locke was denied admission to several colleges, and several Rhodes Scholars from the American South refused to live in the same college or attend events with Locke. He was finally admitted to Hertford College, where he studied literature, philosophy, Greek, and Latin, from 1907–1910. In 1910, he attended the University of Berlin, where he studied philosophy.

paragraph: Locke wrote from Oxford in 1910 that the "primary aim and obligation" of a Rhodes Scholar "is to acquire at Oxford and abroad generally a liberal education, and to continue subsequently the Rhodes mission [of international understanding] throughout life and in his own country. If once more it should prove impossible for nations to understand one another as nations, then, as Goethe said, they must learn to tolerate each other as individuals".

paragraph: Section::::Teaching and scholarship.

paragraph: Locke received an assistant professorship in English at Howard University in 1912. While at Howard, he became a member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity.

paragraph: Locke returned to Harvard in 1916 to work on his doctoral dissertation, "The Problem of Classification in the Theory of Value". In his thesis, he discusses the causes of opinions and social biases, and that these are not objectively true or false, and therefore not universal. Locke received his PhD in philosophy in 1918.

paragraph: Locke returned to Howard University as the chair of the department of philosophy. During this period, he began teaching the first classes on race relations, leading to his dismissal in 1925. After being reinstated in 1928, Locke remained at Howard until his retirement in 1953. Locke Hall, on the Howard campus, is named after him.

paragraph: Locke promoted African-American artists, writers, and musicians, encouraging them to look to Africa as an inspiration for their works. He encouraged them to depict African and African-American subjects, and to draw on their history for subject material. The library resources built up by Dorothy B. Porter to support these studies included materials acquired from his travels and contacts.

paragraph: Section::::The Harlem Renaissance and the "New Negro".

paragraph: Locke was the guest editor of the March 1925 issue of the periodical "Survey Graphic" titled "Harlem, Mecca of the New Negro", a special on Harlem and the Harlem Renaissance, which helped educate white readers about its flourishing culture. In December of that year, he expanded the issue into "The New Negro", a collection of writings by African Americans, which would become one of his best known works. A landmark in black literature (later acclaimed as the "first national book" of African America), it was an instant success. Locke contributed five essays: the "Foreword", "The New Negro", "Negro Youth Speaks", "The Negro Spirituals", and "The Legacy of Ancestral Arts".

paragraph: Locke's philosophy of the New Negro was grounded in the concept of race-building. Its most important component is overall awareness of the potential black equality; no longer would blacks allow themselves to adjust themselves or comply with unreasonable white requests. This idea was based on self-confidence and political awareness. Although in the past the laws regarding equality had been ignored without consequence, Locke's philosophical idea of The New Negro allowed for fair treatment. Because this was an idea and not a law, its power was held in the people. If they wanted this idea to flourish, they were the ones who would need to "enforce" it through their actions and overall points of view.

paragraph: While his own writing was sophisticated philosophy, and therefore not popularly accessible, he mentored others in the movement who would become more broadly known, like Zora Neale Hurston.

paragraph: Section::::Religious beliefs.

paragraph: Locke sustained his religious relationship to Christianity in the public eye and rarely openly supported his affiliation to the Bahá'í movement. Locke was a member of the Bahá'í Faith and declared his belief in Bahá'u'lláh in 1918. Due to the lack of an official enrollment system for the Bahá'í movement, the date in which Locke converted to Bahá'í faith is unverified. However, the National Bahá'í Archives discovered a "Bahá'í Historical Record" card that Locke completed in 1935 at the inquiry of a Bahá'í census from the National Spiritual Assembly. He was one of seven African American individuals from the Washington D.C. Bahá'í movement to complete the card. On the card, Locke wrote the year 1918 as the year he was accepted into Bahá'í religion and wrote Washington D.C. as the place he was accepted. It was common to write to 'Abdu'l-Bahá to declare one's new faith, and Locke received a letter, or "tablet", from 'Abdu'l-Bahá in return. When 'Abdu'l-Bahá died in 1921, Locke enjoyed a close relationship with Shoghi Effendi, then head of the Bahá'í Faith. Shoghi Effendi is reported to have said to Locke, "People as you, Mr. Gregory, Dr. Esslemont and some other dear souls are as rare as diamond." He is thus among a list of some 40 known African Americans to join the religion during the ministry of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá which ended in later 1921.

paragraph: Section::::Sexual orientation.

paragraph: Locke was gay, and may have encouraged and supported other gay African-Americans who were part of the Harlem Renaissance. However, he was not fully public in his orientation and referred to it as his point of "vulnerable/invulnerability", taken to mean an area of risk and strength in his view.

paragraph: Section::::Death, influence and legacy.

paragraph: After his retirement from Howard University in 1953, Locke moved to New York City. He suffered from heart disease, and after a six-week illness died at Mount Sinai Hospital on June 9, 1954.

paragraph: Section::::Death, influence and legacy.:Journey of ashes.

paragraph: Locke was cremated, and his remains turned over to Dr. Arthur Fauset, an anthropologist who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance, as well as Locke's close friend and executor of his estate. Fauset died in 1983, and the remains were given to his friend, Reverend Sadie Mitchell, who ministered at African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas in Philadelphia. Mitchell retained the ashes until the mid-1990s, when she asked Dr. J. Weldon Norris, a professor of music at Howard University, to take the ashes to Washington, D.C. The ashes then resided at Howard University's Moorland–Spingarn Research Center until 2007. Concerned that the human remains were not properly cared for, the ashes were given to Howard University's W. Montague Cobb Research Laboratory, which had extensive experience handling human remains. Locke's ashes, which were stored in a plain paper bag in a simple round metal container, were transferred to a more appropriate small funerary urn and locked in a safe.

paragraph: Howard University officials initially considered having Locke's ashes buried in a niche at Locke Hall on the Howard campus, similar to the way that Langston Hughes' ashes were interred at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in New York City in 1991. But Kurt Schmoke, the university's legal counsel, was concerned about setting a precedent that might lead to other burials at the university. After an investigation revealed no legal problems to the plan, university officials decided to bury the remains off-site. At first, thought was given to burying Locke beside his mother, Mary Hawkins Locke. But Howard officials quickly discovered a problem: She had been interred at Columbian Harmony Cemetery in Washington, D.C., but that cemetery closed in 1959 and her remains transferred to National Harmony Memorial Park—which failed to keep track of them. (She was buried in a mass grave along with 37,000 other unclaimed remains from Columbian Harmony.)

paragraph: Howard University eventually decided to bury Alain Locke's remains at historic Congressional Cemetery, and African American Rhodes Scholars raised $8,000 to purchase a burial plot there. Locke was interred at Congressional Cemetery on September 13, 2014. His tombstone reads:

paragraph: Herald of the Harlem Renaissancebr

paragraph: Exponent of Cultural Pluralism

paragraph: On the back of the headstone is a nine-pointed Bahá'í star (representing Locke's religious beliefs); a Zimbabwe Bird, emblem of the nation Locke adopted as a Rhodes Scholar; a lambda, symbol of the gay rights movement; and the logo of Phi Beta Sigma, the fraternity Locke joined. In the center of these four symbols is an Art Deco representation of an African woman's face set against the rays of the sun. This image is a simplified version of the bookplate that Harlem Renaissance painter Aaron Douglas designed for Locke. Below the bookplate image are the words "Teneo te, Africa" ("I hold you, my Africa").

paragraph: Section::::Death, influence and legacy.:Influence and legacy.

paragraph: In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Locke on his list of "100 Greatest African Americans". Similarly, Columbus Salley's book "The Black 100" named Locke as the 36th most influential African-American.

paragraph: Ossie Davis, one of Locke's philosophy students, said Locke launched his career. Locke told Davis to go to Harlem if he really wanted to work in a theatre, and Davis followed all Locke's advice.

paragraph: Locke's ideology and leadership even had impact in Europe. In France, people considered him a figure that brought the black population together in the racist era that America was facing at the time. They compared that movement to how the Jewish population in Europe was staying tight together, especially after World War II.

paragraph: At Howard University, the main building for the College of Arts and Sciences is dedicated to his legacy, "Alain Locke Hall." His personal and literary papers are held within the manuscript department in the university's Moorland-Spingarn Research Center.

paragraph: Locke's former residence on R Street NW in Washington's Logan Circle neighborhood is marked with a historical plaque.

paragraph: Schools named after Locke include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alain L. Locke Elementary School PS 208 in South Harlem

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Locke High School in Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Alain Locke Public School is an elementary school in West Philadelphia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alain Locke Charter Academy in Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alain Locke Elementary School in Gary, Indiana

paragraph: Section::::Death, influence and legacy.:Major works.

paragraph: In addition to the books listed below, Locke edited the "Bronze Booklet" series, a set of eight volumes published by Associates in Negro Folk Education in the 1930s. He also reviewed literature by African Americans in journals such as "" and "Phylon". His works include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New Negro: An Interpretation". New York: Albert and Charles Boni, 1925.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Harlem: Mecca of the New Negro". "Survey Graphic" 6.6 (March 1, 1925).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "When Peoples Meet: A Study of Race and Culture Contacts". Alain Locke and Bernhard J. Stern (eds). New York: Committee on Workshops, Progressive Education Association, 1942.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance and Beyond". Edited by Leonard Harris. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Race Contacts and Interracial Relations: Lectures of the Theory and Practice of Race". Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1916. Reprinted, edited by Jeffery C. Stewart. Washington: Howard University Press, 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Negro Art Past and Present". Washington: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1936 (Bronze Booklet No. 3).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro and His Music". Washington: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1936 (Bronze Booklet No. 2).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro in the Three Americas". "Journal of Negro Education" 14 (Winter 1944): 7–18.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Negro Spirituals". "Freedom: A Concert in Celebration of the 75th Anniversary of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States" (1940). Compact disc. New York: Bridge, 2002. Audio (1:14).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spirituals" (1940). "The Critical Temper of Alain Locke: A Selection of His Essays on Art and Culture". Edited by Jeffrey C. Stewart. New York and London: Garland, 1983. Pp. 123–26.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New Negro: An Interpretation". New York: Arno Press, 1925.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Four Negro Poets". New York: Simon and Schuster, 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plays of Negro Life: a Source-Book of Native American Drama". New York: Harper and Brothers, 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Decade of Negro Self-Expression". Charlottesville, Virginia, 1928.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro in America". Chicago: American Library Association, 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Negro Art – Past and Present". Washington, D.C.: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro and His Music". Washington, D.C.: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1936; also New York: Kennikat Press, 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro in Art: A Pictorial Record of the Negro Artist and of the Negro Theme in Art". Washington, D.C.: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1940; also New York: Hacker Art Books, 1940.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Collection of Congo Art". "Arts" 2 (February 1927): 60–70.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Harlem: Dark Weather-vane". "Survey Graphic" 25 (August 1936): 457–462, 493–495.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro and the American Stage". "Theatre Arts Monthly" 10 (February 1926): 112–120.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro in Art". "Christian Education" 13 (November 1931): 210–220.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Negro Speaks for Himself". "The Survey" 52 (April 15, 1924): 71–72.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro's Contribution to American Art and Literature". "The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science" 140 (November 1928): 234–247.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro's Contribution to American Culture". "Journal of Negro Education" 8 (July 1939): 521–529.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Note on African Art". "Opportunity" 2 (May 1924): 134–138.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Little Renaissance". "Ebony and Topaz", edited by Charles S. Johnson. New York: National Urban League, 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Steps Towards the Negro Theatre". "Crisis" 25 (December 1922): 66–68.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Problem of Classification in the Theory of Value: or an Outline of a Genetic System of Values". PhD dissertation: Harvard, 1917.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Locke, Alain". [Autobiographical sketch.] "Twentieth Century Authors". Stanley Kunitz and Howard Haycroft (eds). New York: 1942, p. 837.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro Group". "Group Relations and Group Antagonisms". Edited by Robert M. MacIver. New York: Institute for Religious Studies, 1943.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "World View on Race and Democracy: A Study Guide in Human Group Relations". Chicago: American Library Association, 1943.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Rôle du nègre dans la culture des Amériques". Port-au-Prince: Haiti Imprimerie de l'état, 1943.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Values and Imperatives". In Sidney Hook and Horace M. Kallen (eds), "American Philosophy, Today and Tomorrow". New York: Lee Furman, 1935. Pp. 312–33. Reprinted: Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1968; Harris, "The Philosophy of Alain Locke", 31–50.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pluralism and Ideological Peace". In Milton R. Konvitz and Sidney Hook (eds), "Freedom and Experience: Essays Presented to Horace M. Kallen". Ithaca: New School for Research and Cornell University Press, 1947. Pp. 63–69.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cultural Relativism and Ideological Peace". In Lyman Bryson, Louis Finfelstein, and R. M. MacIver (eds), "Approaches to World Peace". New York: Harper & Brothers, 1944. Pp. 609–618. Reprinted in "The Philosophy of Alain Locke", 67–78.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pluralism and Intellectual Democracy". "Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion, Second Symposium". New York: Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion, 1942. Pp. 196–212. Reprinted in "The Philosophy of Alain Locke", 51–66.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Unfinished Business of Democracy". "Survey Graphic" 31 (November 1942): 455–61.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Democracy Faces a World Order". "Harvard Educational Review" 12.2 (March 1942): 121–28.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Moral Imperatives for World Order". "Summary of Proceedings, Institute of International Relations, Mills College, Oakland, CA, June 18–28, 1944", 19–20. Reprinted in "The Philosophy of Alain Locke", 143, 151–152.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Major Prophet of Democracy". Review of "Race and Democratic Society" by Franz Boas. "Journal of Negro Education" 15.2 (Spring 1946): 191–92.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ballad for Democracy". "Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life" 18:8 (August 1940): 228–29.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Corollaries of Cultural Relativism". Proceedings of the Second Conference on the Scientific and the Democratic Faith. New York, 1941.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reason and Race". "Phylon" 8:1 (1947): 17–27. Reprinted in Jeffrey C. Stewart, ed. "The Critical Temper of Alain Locke: A Selection of His Essays on Art and Culture". New York and London: Garland, 1983. Pp. 319–27.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Values That Matter". Review of "The Realms of Value", by Ralph Barton Perry. "Key Reporter" 19.3 (1954): 4.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Is There a Basis for Spiritual Unity in the World Today?" "Town Meeting: Bulletin of America's Town Meeting on the Air" 8.5 (June 1, 1942): 3–12.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unity through Diversity: A Bahá'í Principle". "The Bahá'í World: A Biennial International Record", Vol. IV, 1930–1932. Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1989 [1933]. Reprinted in Locke 1989, 133–138. Note: Leonard Harris' reference (Locke 1989, 133 n.) should be emended to read, Volume IV, 1930–1932 (not "V, 1932–1934").

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lessons in World Crisis". "The Bahá'í World: A Biennial International Record", Vol. IX, 1940–1944. Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1945. Reprint, Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1980 [1945].

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Orientation of Hope". "The Bahá'í World: A Biennial International Record", Vol. V, 1932–1934. Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1936. Reprint in Locke 1989, 129–132. Note: Leonard Harris' reference (Locke 1989, 129 n.) should be emended to read, "Volume V, 1932–1934" (not "Volume IV, 1930–1932").

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Bahá'í Inter-Racial Conference". "The Bahá'í Magazine (Star of the West)" 18.10 (January 1928): 315–16.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Educator and Publicist", "Star of the West" 22.8 (November 1931) 254–55. Obituary of George William Cook [Baha'i], 1855–1931.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Impressions of Haifa". [Appreciation of Baha'i leader, Shoghi Effendi, whom Locke met during his first of two Baha'i pilgrimages to Haifa, Palestine (now Israel)]. "Star of the West" 15.1 (1924): 13–14; Alaine Locke, "Impressions of Haifa", in "Bahá'í Year Book", Vol. One, April 1925 – April 1926, comp. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States and Canada (New York: Bahá'í Publishing Committee, 1926) 81, 83; Alaine Locke, "Impressions of Haifa", in "The Bahá'í World: A Biennial International Record", Vol. II, April 1926 – April 1928, comp. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States and Canada (New York: Bahá'í Publishing Committee, 1928; reprint, Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1980) 125, 127; Alain Locke, "Impressions of Haifa", in "The Bahá'í World: A Biennial International Record", Vol. III, April 1928 – April 1930, comp. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States and Canada (New York: Bahá'í Publishing Committee, 1930; reprint, Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1980) 280, 282.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Minorities and the Social Mind". "Progressive Education" 12 (March 1935): 141–50.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The High Cost of Prejudice". "Forum" 78 (December 1927).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro Poets of the United States". Anthology of Magazine Verse 1926 and Yearbook of American Poetry. Sesquicentennial edition. Ed. William S. Braithwaite. Boston: B.J. Brimmer, 1926. Pp. 143–151.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Critical Temper of Alain Locke: A Selection of His Essays on Art and Culture". Edited by Jeffrey C. Stewart. New York and London: Garland, 1983. Pp. 43–45.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plays of Negro Life: A Source-Book of Native American Drama". Alain Locke and Montgomery Davis (eds). New York and Evanston: Harper and Row, 1927. "Decorations and Illustrations by Aaron Douglas".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Impressions of Luxor". "The Howard Alumnus" 2.4 (May 1924): 74–78.

paragraph: Section::::Death, influence and legacy.:Posthumous works.

paragraph: Alain Locke's previously unpublished, posthumous works include:

paragraph: Locke, Alain. "The Moon Maiden" and "Alain Locke in His Own Words: Three Essays". "World Order" 36.3 (2005): 37–48. Edited, introduced and annotated by Christopher Buck and Betty J. Fisher.

paragraph: Four previously unpublished works by Alain Locke:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Moon Maiden" (37) [a love poem for a white woman who left him];

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gospel for the Twentieth Century" (39–42);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peace between Black and White in the United States" (42–45);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Five Phases of Democracy" (45–48).

paragraph: Locke, Alain. "Alain Locke: Four Talks Redefining Democracy, Education, and World Citizenship". Edited, introduced and annotated by Christopher Buck and Betty J. Fisher. World Order 38.3 (2006/2007): 21–41.

paragraph: Four previously unpublished speeches/essays by Alain Locke:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Preservation of the Democratic Ideal" (1938 or 1939);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stretching Our Social Mind" (1944);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On Becoming World Citizens" (1946);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Creative Democracy" (1946 or 1947).""

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harlem Renaissance

paragraph: BULLET::::- American philosophy

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of American philosophers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leonard Harris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeffrey C. Stewart

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akam, Everett. "Just One African American on the Current Rhodes Scholarship List". "The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education" 30:1 (2000): 58–59.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buck, Christopher. "Alain Locke: Faith and Philosophy." Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buck, Christopher. "Alain Locke: Race Leader, Social Philosopher, Bahá'í Pluralist". "World Order" 36.3 (2005): 7–36.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buck, Christopher. "Alain Locke in His Own Words: Three Essays". "World Order" 36.3 (2005): 37–48.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buck, Christopher. "Alain Locke". "American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies. Supplement XIV". Edited by Jay Parini. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Scribner's Reference/The Gale Group, 2004. 195–219.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buck, Christopher and Betty J. Fisher. "Alain Locke: Four Talks Redefining Democracy, Education, and World Citizenship. Edited and introduced by Christopher Buck and Betty J. Fisher. "World Order" 38.3 (2006/2007): 21–41.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buck, Christopher. "Rare Film Clip of Alain Locke in Washington, D.C. (1937)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buck, Christopher. "Rare Film Clip of Alain Locke at Howard University (1937)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buck, Christopher. "Rare Film Clip of Alain Locke at Harmon Art Exhibit (1933)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buck, Christopher. "Alain Locke: 'Race Amity' and the Bahá'í Faith". Alain Locke Centenary Program. Association of American Rhodes Scholars. Howard University, Washington DC (September 24, 2007).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Butcher, Margaret J. "The Negro in American Culture: Based on Materials Left by Alain Locke", Knopf, 1956.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cain, Rudolph A. "Alain Leroy Locke: Crusader and Advocate for the Education of African American Adults". "The Journal of Negro Education" 64:1 (1995): 87–99.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles, John C. "What Was Africa to Him? Alain Locke, Cultural Nationalism, and the Rhetoric of Empire during the New Negro Renaissance." in Tarver, Australia and Barnes, Paula C. eds. "New Voices on the Harlem Renaissance: Essays on Race, Gender, and Literary Discourse". Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crane, Clare Bloodgood. "Alain Locke and the Negro Renaissance" (thesis), University of California, San Diego, 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Du Bois, W. E. B. "The Younger Literary Movement". "Crisis" 28 (February 1924), pp. 161–163.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eze, Chielozona. "The Dilemma of Ethnic Identity: Alain Locke's Vision of Transcultural Societies." Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harris, L. and Charles Molesworth. "Alain Locke: Biography of a Philosopher". Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harris, Leonard, ed. "The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance and Beyond." Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harris, Leonard, ed. "The Critical Pragmatism of Alain Locke: A Reader on Value Theory, Aesthetics, Community, Culture, Race, and Education." Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holmes, Eugene C. "Alain Leroy Locke: A Sketch". "The Phylon Quarterly" 20:1 (1994): 82–89.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Linnemann, Russell J., ed. "Alain Locke: Reflections on a Modern Renaissance Man." Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Donald Markwell, ""Instincts to Lead": On Leadership, Peace, and Education", Connor Court.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maus, Derek C. Entry on Alain Locke in "Advocates and Activists Between the Wars," edited by David G. Izzo. West Cornwall, CT: Locust Hill Press, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Molesworth, Charles, ed. "The Collected Works of Alain Locke". Oxford University Press, 2012. With an introduction by Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ostrom, Hans. "Alain Locke," in Hans Ostrom and J. David Macey (eds), "The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature," Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishers, 2005. Volume III, 988–989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Posnock, Ross. "Black Is Brilliant", ="The New Republic", April 15, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sellers, Frances Stead. "The 60-year journey of the ashes of Alain Locke, father of the Harlem Renaissance", "The Washington Post", September 12, 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stewart, Jeffrey C., ed. "The Critical Temper of Alain Locke." Garland, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stewart, Jeffrey C. "Alain Leroy Locke at Oxford: The First African-American Rhodes Scholar". "The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education" 31:1 (2001): 112–117.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stewart, Jeffrey C. "The New Negro: The Life of Alain Locke." Oxford University Press, 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington, Johnny. "Alain Locke and Philosophy: A Quest for Cultural Pluralism." Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington, Johnny. "A Journey into the Philosophy of Alain Locke." Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zoeller, Jack. "Alain Locke at Oxford: Race and the Rhodes Scholarships," "The American Oxonian", Vol. XCIV, No. 2 (Spring 2007).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Africa Within"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Negro and His Music: Negro Art: Past and Present." New York: Arno Press, 1969.

alias:
Alain Locke
Alain L. Locke

description: American philosopher and writer

wikidata_label: Alain LeRoy Locke

wikipedia_title: Alain LeRoy Locke


text:
Hebrew
Nathan ben Meir
Trinquetaille
Provence
Spain
David Conforte
Sardinia
Zacuto
Filipowski
Nahmanides
Talmudical
Solomon ben Abraham
Montpellier
Maimonides
Inquisition
Solomon Joachim Halberstam
Azaria Piccio
Mishnah
Azulai
Isaac Benjacob
Henri Gross
Heimann Joseph Michael
Moritz Steinschneider

paragraph: Samuel ben Isaac ha-Sardi

paragraph: Samuel ben Isaac Ha-Sardi (Hebrew: שמואל בן יצחק סרדי) was a Spanish rabbi who flourished in the first half of the 13th century. In his youth he attended the school of Rabbi Nathan ben Meir of Trinquetaille, Provence, and later he returned to Spain, his native country. David Conforte ("Ḳore ha-Dorot," p. 20a) derives the name "Sardi" from the city of Sardinia. Zacuto ("Yuḥasin," ed. Filipowski, p. 221a) calls Samuel "Ha-Sefaradi"; so does Heilprin in "Seder ha-Dorot," i.216b, 292a in the Warsaw edition of 1883, but in iii.108b of the Warsaw edition of 1882 he designates him "Ha-Sardi."

paragraph: Samuel was a contemporary of Nahmanides, whom he consulted on Talmudical questions. Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier, who in his implacable hatred of philosophy denounced the works of Maimonides and appealed to the Inquisition to burn them, wrote a letter to Samuel in which he speaks highly of his learning and reminds him of their friendly relations in their youth. This letter, one of the many that Solomon addressed to French and Spanish rabbis against Maimonides, was published by Solomon Joachim Halberstam in Kobak's "Jeschurun," viii.98.

paragraph: Samuel wrote in 1225: "Sefer ha-Terumot" (Salonica, 1596 and 1628; Prague, 1605, with Azaria Piccio's commentary "Giddule truma," Venice, 1643), novellæ on the civil laws of the Talmud, divided into "she'arim" (gates) and "peraḳim" (chapters). In the preface the author mentions another work written by him, "Sefer ha-Zikronot," on the arrangement of the tractates and chapters of the Mishnah; but it was not printed, and the manuscript is no longer extant.

paragraph: Section::::Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Azulai, "Shem ha-Gedolim," i.124b, No. 129; ii.115b, No. 98, Warsaw, 1876;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isaac Benjacob, "Oẓar ha-Sefarim," p. 673, No. 978;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frankel, "Der Gerichtliche Beweis," p. 111;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henri Gross, "Gallia Judaica," p. 326;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heimann Joseph Michael, "Or ha-Ḥayyim," No. 1208;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moritz Steinschneider, "Cat. Bodl." col. 2476.

wikidata_label: Samuel ben Isaac ha-Sardi

wikipedia_title: Samuel ben Isaac ha-Sardi


text:
Chile
Government Junta
Chile
Linares
Universidad de Chile
Officer Cadet
1891 Chilean Civil War
Chilean Air Force
Army Inspector General
"September Junta"
"January Junta"
Arturo Alessandri Palma
Socialist Republic of Chile
Légion d'honneur
Santiago
Official Military biography
Official Congressional biography

categories: Chilean Army generals,Leaders who took power by coup,Heads of state of Chile,People from Linares,1873 births,Chilean people of Irish descent

paragraph: Pedro Dartnell

paragraph: Division General Pedro Pablo Dartnell Encina (December 24, 1873 – September 26, 1944) was a Chilean military officer and member of the Government Junta of Chile in 1925.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Dartnell was born in the city of Linares in 1873, the son of Robert Dartnell Lother and of Carmen Encina Ibáñez. He studied engineering at the Universidad de Chile, specializing in military engineering. In 1885 he was accepted as an Officer Cadet to the Military Academy, where he studied until 1891. He was promoted to sub-lieutenant on January 15, 1891. During the 1891 Chilean Civil War, Dartnell served with the corps of military engineers, and joined the ranks of the Congressional Army. He participated in the battles of Concón and Placilla. That same year he was promoted to Lieutenant and then Captain. After the end of the war, he studied civil engineering at the University of Chile. With the great reform of the Chilean Army, he was sent to specialize in Europe. He travelled to Belgium, Germany and Spain between 1897 and 1899.

paragraph: In January 1900, he was promoted to Major, and commander of military engineers. Three years later he was a commander already. In 1905 he was destined to the navy to help design the military fortifications of the port of Talcahuano. In 1910 he was sent again to Europe, this time as a student to the Ècole de Guerre, in Paris, where he studied until 1912. During his stay in France, he took an active interest in the French Air Service, and prepared a report which was the basis for the creation of the Chilean Military Air Force in 1913.

paragraph: As a Colonel, in 1914, he was commander of telecommunications and Aeronautical Inspector. In 1919 he became General Director of the Chilean Air Force. That same year he was promoted to Brigade General. As such he was General Commander of the II, III and IV Divisions, between 1920 and 1924. On November 28, 1924 was promoted to Army Inspector General.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: On January 23, 1925, he was handed the executive power by a group of young officers that deposed the "September Junta", but he declined to hold on to the power alone, and chose to become instead just one of the members of the "January Junta" that took over the government on January 27. This junta ruled until March 20, when President Arturo Alessandri Palma reassumed his functions.

paragraph: He retired from the army on June 15, 1926. On January 24, 1926, he married María Josefina Rosa Matte Amunátegui, with whom he had four children. In 1930 he was elected Senator for the "Talca, Linares and Maule" district, but only remained in Congress until its dissolution by the Socialist Republic of Chile on June 4, 1932. During his life he was decorated with the following orders: Comendador de Isabel La Católica y Gran Cruz al Mérito Militar, by Spain; Grand Officer of the Italian Crown; Officer of the Légion d'honneur and Grand Officer of the Order of Michael by France; Officer of the Belgium Crown. Dartnell died in Santiago in 1944 at the age of 70.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Military biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Congressional biography

description: Chilean politician and general

wikidata_label: Pedro Dartnell

wikipedia_title: Pedro Dartnell


text:
St. Louis, Missouri
Major League Baseball
infielder
1962 New York Mets
Cleveland High School
Southern Methodist University
Milwaukee Braves
New York Mets
player to be named later
Frank Thomas
Long Beach Chiefs

categories: Basketball players from Missouri,Major League Baseball first basemen,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Living people,Louisville Colonels (minor league) players,SMU Mustangs baseball players,Basketball players at the 1956 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four,Austin Senators players,Baseball players from Missouri,New York Mets players,Syracuse Chiefs players,Vancouver Mounties players,SMU Mustangs men's basketball players,1936 births,Williamsport Mets players,Hawaii Chiefs (basketball) players,Sportspeople from St. Louis

paragraph: Rick Herrscher

paragraph: Richard Franklin Herrscher (born November 3, 1936 in St. Louis, Missouri) was a Major League Baseball infielder who played for the 1962 New York Mets.

paragraph: Herrscher attended Cleveland High School in St. Louis and Southern Methodist University. He was signed by the Milwaukee Braves as an amateur free agent in 1958. He was traded by the Braves to the New York Mets in May 1962 as the player to be named later for an earlier trade, which sent Frank Thomas to the Mets.

paragraph: Herrscher made his major league debut with the Mets on August 1, 1962. His final major league appearance was September 26, 1962.

paragraph: He also played professional basketball for the Long Beach Chiefs/Hawaii Chiefs in 1961–1963.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Rick Herrscher

wikipedia_title: Rick Herrscher


text:
Liberal
Conservative
House of Commons
Brasenose College, Oxford
Feniscowles
1832 general election
Member of Parliament
Blackburn
Pleasington
River Darwen
1841 general election
1847 general election
baronet
Feniscowles
County Palatine of Lancaster
Montague Feilden
John Leyland Feilden

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1835–1837,1850 deaths,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1837–1841,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,1772 births,Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,UK MPs 1841–1847

paragraph: William Feilden

paragraph: Sir William Feilden, 1st Baronet (13 March 1772 – 21 May 1850) was an English cotton manufacturer and a Liberal and later Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1832 to 1847.

paragraph: Feilden was the third son of Joseph Feilden and Margaret Leyland of Witton. He was educated at Blackburn Grammar School and Brasenose College, Oxford. He became a cotton mill owner and lived at Witton Hall. In 1798 he purchased the hamlet of Feniscowles south west of Blackburn, from Thomas Ainsworth.

paragraph: At the 1832 general election, Feilden was elected as Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackburn.

paragraph: Feilden built the house of Feniscowles in Pleasington in a romantic valley on the banks of the River Darwen. He also gave a site for a church at Feniscowles in 1840, and provided the stone for its construction.

paragraph: At the 1841 general election, Feilden changed his allegiance to the Conservatives but was re-elected and remained MP for Blackburn until the 1847 general election, when he did not stand. He did nothing to distinguish himself in the House of Commons in his fourteen years as a M.P. Feilden was created a baronet, of Feniscowles in the County Palatine of Lancaster on 21 July 1846.

paragraph: Feilden died at the age of 78.

paragraph: Feilden married Mary Haughton Jackson, daughter of Edmund Jackson, at St Martin in the Fields on 30 March 1797. They had three sons and three daughters. His son William succeeded to the baronetcy. Another son Montague Feilden also became MP for Blackburn. His youngest son, John Leyland Feilden was an author.

description: British politician, died 1850

wikidata_label: William Feilden

wikipedia_title: William Feilden


text:
French
aviator
Gaston Tissandier
Albert Tissandier
hot air balloon
airship
airplanes
Wilbur Wright
Charles de Lambert
Saint-Cyr-l'École
Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
Alessandro Bianchi
Italian
Walter J. Boyne
US Air Force
Lynn Garrison
Canadian
Nick Goodhart
Jerzy Makula
Polish
glider
Yves Rousseau
French
Kathy Sutton
sky diving
Roger Poncelet
Belgian
Svetlana Kapanina

paragraph: Paul Tissandier

paragraph: Paul Tissandier (19 February 1881 – 11 March 1945) was a French aviator.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tissandier was the son of aviator Gaston Tissandier and nephew of Albert Tissandier, Gaston's brother.

paragraph: Tissandier began his flying career as a hot air balloon pilot and later moved to airships and finally to airplanes. He was a pilot-pupil of Wilbur Wright. Together with Count Charles de Lambert, he was involved in the construction of hydro-gliders.

paragraph: The "Aero Club Paul Tissandier" based at the Saint-Cyr-l'École airfield was named in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::Paul Tissandier Diploma.

paragraph: The "Paul Tissandier Diploma" is a perpetual international award established in 1952 by the "Fédération Aéronautique Internationale" in memory of Tissandier who was Treasurer of the FAI from its foundation to 1919 and its Secretary General from 1913 to 1945. The diplomas are awarded to those persons who have served the cause of aviation and private and sporting aviation in particular, by their work, initiative, devotion or other endeavours.

paragraph: Each Aero club which is a member of FAI may recommend a number of deserving candidates for the diploma each year; the U.S. is allowed three. The recipients are confirmed by the FAI Administrative Council and publicly announced and the Diplomas are awarded at the annual FAI General Conference.

paragraph: Notable recipients include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alessandro Bianchi - Italian Minister for Transportation.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter J. Boyne - US Air Force combat veteran.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lynn Garrison - Canadian aviator and mercenary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nick Goodhart - British world gliding champion, record breaker and engineer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jerzy Makula - Polish world glider champion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yves Rousseau - French aviation pioneer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kathy Sutton - Canadian world sky diving champion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger Poncelet - a third-generation Belgian wooden aeroplane and propeller manufacturer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Nabil Baz - Egyptian aviator who won the award for his contribution to aviation and air sports in Egypt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svetlana Kapanina - a Russian aerobatic pilot

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stewart Wood - President Experimental Aircraft Association of South Africa 1992 - 2002

description: French aviator

wikidata_label: Paul Tissandier

wikipedia_title: Paul Tissandier


text: United States Army

text: Spanish–American War

text: Medal of Honor

text: Kentucky

text: sergeant

text: 17th U.S. Infantry

text: second lieutenant

text: first lieutenant

text: Cuba

text: Medal of Honor

text: captain

text: colonel

text: Arlington National Cemetery

text: Arlington, Virginia

categories: United States Army colonels,People from Kentucky,1955 deaths,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,American military personnel of the Spanish–American War,Burials at Arlington National Cemetery,1865 births,Spanish–American War recipients of the Medal of Honor,Burials in Ohio

paragraph: Benjamin F. Hardaway

paragraph: Benjamin Franklin Hardaway (July 17, 1865 – July 9, 1955) was an officer serving in the United States Army during the Spanish–American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hardaway was born July 17, 1865, in Benleyville, Kentucky, and, after entering the army in April 1886, worked his way up to the rank of sergeant while in Company C, 17th U.S. Infantry. On July 31, 1891, he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant and then to first lieutenant April 26, 1898 before being sent to fight in the Spanish–American War with the 17th U.S. Infantry. While his unit was fighting at El Caney, Cuba, July 1, 1898, he received the Medal of Honor for assisting in the rescue of wounded while under heavy fire from the enemy. He received his medal on June 21, 1899. He remained in the army after the war and was promoted to the rank of captain on February 2, 1901. He retired with the rank of colonel in February 1919.

paragraph: Hardaway died July 9, 1955, and wss buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia, July 15, 1955. His grave can be found in section 2, lot 1044-1.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, 17th U .S. Infantry. Place and date: At El Caney, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at:______. Birth: Benleyville, Ky. Date of issue: 21 June 1899.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citation

paragraph: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Spanish–American War

wikidata_label: Benjamin F. Hardaway

wikipedia_title: Benjamin F. Hardaway


text:
fencing
Henry Angelo the elder
Domenico Angelo Malevolti Tremamondo
Bond Street
St. James's Street
superintendent of sword exercise
Kensal Green Cemetery
The Infantry Sword Exercise

categories: Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery,1780 births,English male fencers,1852 deaths

paragraph: Henry Charles Angelo the Younger

paragraph: Henry Charles Angelo the Younger (1780-1852) was a British master of fencing, part of the Angelo dynasty of fencers.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Henry was born in 1780 to Henry Angelo the elder (1756-1835). He was the grandson of Domenico Angelo Malevolti Tremamondo (1716 or 1717 to 1802), the founder of the dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: The younger Henry took over his father's fencing academy in Bond Street from his father in 1817. He subsequently moved it to St. James's Street (1830-1896). He was superintendent of sword exercise to the British Army and the Royal Navy (1833-1852).

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Henry died in 1852. He is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Infantry Sword Exercise". 1845.

description: fencing master  (1780–1852)

wikidata_label: Henry Angelo

wikipedia_title: Henry Charles Angelo the Younger


text: Ming dynasty

text: Wen Zhengming

text: Suzhou

text: zhusheng

text: Chongzhen Emperor

text: calligraphy

text: poetry

text: landscape garden design

text: Zhang Wu Zhi

text: Wen Zhenheng on Tea

text: Gao Lian

text: Tu Long

categories: 1585 births,Chinese scholars,Politicians from Suzhou,1645 deaths,Ming dynasty poets,Suicides by starvation,Ming dynasty calligraphers,Poets from Jiangsu,Painters from Suzhou,Ming dynasty painters,Ming dynasty politicians,Writers from Suzhou,Suicides in China,Landscape or garden designers

paragraph: Wen Zhenheng

paragraph: Wen Zhenheng (, 1585–1645) was a Ming dynasty scholar, painter, landscape garden designer, and great grandson of Wen Zhengming, a famous Ming dynasty painter.

paragraph: Wen was born in Suzhou in 1585. In 1621, he graduated from the Imperial Academy, obtained the lowest degree of "zhusheng". In 1637, Wen was the assistant magistrate of Longzhou county in the Shanxi prefecture. On the same year, he was appointed Secretariat Drafter by Chongzhen Emperor. Wen Zhenheng was famous for his calligraphy, poetry and essays. He was also an expert in landscape garden design, the Sweetgrass Garden he built in Suzhou was famous at his time.

paragraph: Section::::Treatise on Superfluous Things.

paragraph: Wen Zhenheng's best known work "Zhang Wu Zhi" (traditional: 長物志, simplified:长物志, "Treatise on Superfluous Things") written between 1620-1627 was an encyclopedic book about garden architecture and interior design.

paragraph: Zhang Wu Zhi was divided into twelve volumes:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 1. House and Dwelling—17 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 2. Flowers and Trees—43 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 3. Water and Stones - 18 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 4. Fowl and Fish—11 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 5. Books and Paintings - 26 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 6. Chairs and Beds—20 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 7. Utensils—58 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 8. Cloths and accessories—10 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 9. Boat and carriage—4 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 10. Arrangement—11 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 11. Vegetable and Fruits—27 chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vol 12. Incense and Tea—24 chapters(Wen Zhenheng on Tea)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: An excellent edition, with detailed annotations, abundant pictures and photographs of various objects discussed in the book.

paragraph: There is no complete translation of this book in any other language. Some sections were translated in the Clunas book above and in some books on gardening and furniture.

paragraph: Craig Clunas discusses several Ming dynasty scholars, including Gao Lian, Tu Long in addition to Wen Zhenheng. He has translated the first chapter of each of the twelve volumes and there is a detailed biography of Wen Zhenheng on pages 20 to 25.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhang Wu Zhi-- Treatise on Superfluous Things, Chapter 12, Incense and Tea

alias:
Jiemin
Qimei
jie min
Wen Zhenheng

description: painter, poet and garden designer

wikidata_label: Wen Zhenheng

wikipedia_title: Wen Zhenheng


text: American football

text: defensive end

text: Houston Oilers

text: North Carolina A&T State University

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: Trenton, New Jersey

text: high school football

text: Trenton Central High School

text: Oakland Raiders

text: sack

text: Tennessee Titans

text: San Diego Chargers

text: AFC Championship game

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: Scott Myers

text: Member profile

categories: Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees,Sportspeople from Trenton, New Jersey,American football defensive ends,American Football League All-Star players,1946 births,Houston Oilers players,Living people,North Carolina A&T Aggies football players,American Conference Pro Bowl players

paragraph: Elvin Bethea

paragraph: Elvin Lamont Bethea (born March 1, 1946) is a former American football defensive end who played his entire career with the Houston Oilers. He played for North Carolina A&T State University and was the first person from that school to be elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, having been inducted in 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Bethea was born in Trenton, New Jersey, and played high school football and track at Trenton Central High School. He set the New Jersey state record in the shot put in 1964 – 66 feet 4.5 inches - which stood until 1997. He won the shot put and discus competitions at the Golden West Invitational track meet in 1964.

paragraph: During his career in Houston, Bethea played in 210 games, including a stretch of 135 consecutive. He played at defensive end and guard in the 1968 season and didn’t miss a game until breaking his arm in a game against the Oakland Raiders in 1977. He led the team in sacks six times, finishing his career with 105 unofficial sacks.

paragraph: His career high was in 1973 with 16 sacks, which still ranks as the best in Oilers/Tennessee Titans history, a feat made more remarkable by the Oilers' 1-13 record. In 1976 Bethea recorded 14½ sacks, yet was not voted to the Pro Bowl. In a game against the San Diego Chargers in 1976, he recorded four sacks (his career high) and had one fumble recovery.

paragraph: He also had 14½ sacks in 1969. Other notable seasons in terms of sacks were: 1970 and 1971 with 10½ sacks in each, 1975 with 10 and 1978 with 8. He played in the AFC Championship game in 1978 and 1979.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: Bethea was Second-team All-Pro in 1969, 1973, 1978 and 1979 to go with his 8 Pro Bowl selections.

paragraph: Bethea was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2003. He was officially inducted during the Enshrinement Ceremony on August 3, 2003, where his college coach and presenter, Hornsby Howell, unveiled the bust of Bethea, which was sculpted by Scott Myers.

paragraph: In 2005 Bethea was inducted to the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame

paragraph: Section::::Book.

paragraph: Bethea is the author of "Smash-Mouth: My Football Journey from Trenton to Canton".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member profile – Pro Football Hall of Fame

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Elvin Bethea

wikipedia_title: Elvin Bethea


text:
Sydney
New South Wales
George Street
Ophir
Bendigo
Ashfield
New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Canterbury

categories: Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly,1826 births,1903 deaths,Free Trade Party politicians

paragraph: William Henson (Australian politician)

paragraph: William Henson (1 August 1826 – 19 March 1903) was an Australian politician.

paragraph: He was born in Sydney to soldier William Henson and Caroline Blades. His father had been sent to New South Wales on detachment and remained, setting up business in George Street but dying while his children were still young. The younger William was educated at St Phillips School at Church Hill and then managed a sheep station. He spent time on the goldfields at Ophir and Bendigo, meeting with enough success to settle comfortably at Ashfield. In 1880 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Canterbury. He was defeated in 1882, but returned in 1885 and was re-elected in 1887. He did not contest the 1889 election, although he did run again, unsuccessfully, in 1891. Henson died at Ashfield in 1903.

description: Australian politician (1826-1903)

wikidata_label: William Henson

wikipedia_title: William Henson (Australian politician)


text:
VC
Victoria Cross
Commonwealth
Hulme
Manchester
Denton (Manchester)
Royal Welsh Fusiliers
Victoria Cross
Delville Wood
Battle of the Somme
French
Croix de Guerre
Cross of St. George
Second World War
Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Wrexham
Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum
Caernarfon Castle

categories: 1971 deaths,British Battle of the Somme recipients of the Victoria Cross,English emigrants to the United States,1895 births,Royal Welch Fusiliers soldiers,British Army personnel of World War I,Recipients of the Cross of St. George,People from Hulme,British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross,Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)

paragraph: Albert Hill (VC)

paragraph: Albert Hill VC (24 May 1895 – 17 February 1971) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Hulme, Manchester, one of ten children, he was a weak and frail child who after his schooling started work in a mill, before becoming an apprentice planker at Wilson Hat Manufacturers, in Wilton Street, Denton (Manchester).

paragraph: Section::::First World War.

paragraph: In August 1914 he joined the 10th Battalion, the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, as a private. He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions at Delville Wood, part of the Battle of the Somme in 1916. His citation read:

paragraph: He was also a holder of the French Croix de Guerre, the Russian Cross of St. George, and three campaign medals.

paragraph: Section::::Later Years.

paragraph: In February 1919 he returned to work in Wilson's factory, and married Doris Wilson a year later. They emigrated to the United States in 1923, where he found work as a building labourer, and had three daughters and a son. He attempted to enlist on the outbreak of the Second World War, but was advised to do defence work instead.

paragraph: He died in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1971 and was buried with full military honours in Highland Memorial Park, Johnston, Rhode Island.

paragraph: Hill Court in Wrexham is named in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::The Medal.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed in the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum in Caernarfon Castle.

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Albert Hill

wikipedia_title: Albert Hill (VC)


text:
Greek
Greek
Macedonian Struggle
Cretan
Lakkoi
Chania
Greek War of Independence
Cretan revolt of 1866
Hellenic Army
Cretan Revolt of 1897
Macedonia
Georgios Tsontos
Kastanochoria
Drosopigi
Lechovo
komitadji
Ottoman Gendarmerie
Bulgaria
Vasiliada
Ioannis Poulakas
Athens

categories: 1909 deaths,People of the Macedonian Struggle,People from Chania (regional unit),Year of birth uncertain

paragraph: Theodoros Koukoulakis

paragraph: Theodoros Koukoulakis (Greek: "Θεόδωρος Κουκουλάκης", c. 1879 – 1909 ) was a Greek revolutionary and a minor leader of the Macedonian Struggle.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Koukoulakis was a member of a well-known Cretan family from Lakkoi, a village near Chania. Many members of his family took part in various revolutions of the 19th century as Greek War of Independence, Cretan revolt of 1866 etc. and others were officers of the Hellenic Army. Koukoulakis himself, was a volunteer during the Cretan Revolt of 1897.

paragraph: In November 1904 he entered Macedonia as a member of his fellow Cretan officer Georgios Tsontos. Later, he became leader of a small band in Kastanochoria (). His main activity is located in 1904/05 period. During early 1905, Koukoulakis and his men were between Drosopigi and Lechovo. The same period, according to Greek sources, his band made a successful ambush against komitadjis and after that Koukoulakis and his men avoid an operation that was held by the Ottoman Gendarmerie. In March 1905, Koukoulakis took part in the attack against the Bulgarian village of Zagoritsani ( today, Vasiliada). During the attack, he entered the village from the north side along with his fellow Cretan leader, Ioannis Poulakas.

paragraph: Koukoulakis died in September 14, 1909 in Athens due to health problems that he suffered by his spell in Macedonia.

description: Greek revolutionary

wikidata_label: Theodoros Koukoulakis

wikipedia_title: Theodoros Koukoulakis