text:
rower
men's eight
1912 Summer Olympics

categories: 1885 births,German male rowers,Rowers at the 1912 Summer Olympics,1956 deaths,Rowers from Berlin,Olympic rowers of Germany

paragraph: Gottfried Gelfort

paragraph: Gottfried Karl Felix Gelfort (6 April 1885 – 30 January 1956) was a German rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

description: German rower

wikidata_label: Gottfried Gelfort

wikipedia_title: Gottfried Gelfort


text:
coxswain
men's eight
1912 Summer Olympics

categories: 1885 births,German male rowers,Coxswains (rowing),Rowers at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Rowers from Berlin,Olympic rowers of Germany,Year of death missing

paragraph: Otto Charlet

paragraph: Otto Charlet (born 22 March 1885, date of death unknown) was a German rowing coxswain. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

description: German coxswain

wikidata_label: Otto Charlet

wikipedia_title: Otto Charlet


text:
United States Army
World War I
Chicago
American Civil War
United States Military Academy
Presidio of San Francisco
Fort Canby
Fort Columbus
Fort Riley
Ghost Dance War
Battle of Wounded Knee
Drexel Mission Fight
Guy Vernor Henry
Nelson A. Miles
University of Washington
brigadier general
31st Infantry Division
Seattle
Seattle General Strike
Port Townsend, Washington

categories: People from Chicago,1936 deaths,Officiers of the Légion d'honneur,People from Port Townsend, Washington,1866 births,Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army),United States Army generals of World War I

paragraph: John Louis Hayden

paragraph: John Louis Hayden (November 2, 1866 – February 22, 1936) was a United States Army officer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He served in several conflicts, including World War I.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hayden was born in Chicago in 1866. His father was an American Civil War veteran who served in the 19th Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Hayden graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1888.

paragraph: Hayden was commissioned into the First Artillery, and he served at various locations, including at the Presidio of San Francisco, Fort Canby, Fort Columbus, and Fort Riley. From the latter location, Hayden was detached to serve in the Ghost Dance War in command of the Hotchkiss revolving cannon. He participated in the Battle of Wounded Knee and the Drexel Mission Fight, and because of his actions in the latter battle, Major Guy Vernor Henry recommended him for brevet promotion, something that General Nelson A. Miles concurred with. Hayden served as a professor of Military Science and Tactics at the University of Washington from 1892 to 1896.

paragraph: Hayden was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on August 5, 1917, and in September 1917, he commanded the 56th Field Artillery Brigade. From September 18, 1917, to March 15, 1918, Hayden commanded the 31st Infantry Division. Hayden commanded U.S. forces in Seattle during the Seattle General Strike in February 1919, with his performance being praised from across the political spectrum.

paragraph: Hayden retired in 1922, and he lived the remainder of his life in Port Townsend, Washington. Congress restored his brigadier general rank in June 1930. He died on February 22, 1936.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hayden married Myra Lord on June 6, 1894, and they had two sons together, both of them becoming U.S. Army officers. Hayden's wife died on December 11, 1918.

wikidata_label: John Louis Hayden

wikipedia_title: John Louis Hayden


text:
Speaker of the English House of Commons
Inner Temple
Exeter (UK Parliament constituency)
Elizabeth I
Devon
Member
Parliament of England
Bodmin
Saltash
Tavistock
Exeter
curlew
Harford
Comptroller
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Duke of Norfolk
Lord Treasurer
Sir Ambrose Cave
Cranmer
Wales
Alms
Official website

categories: 1510s births,1566 deaths,English MPs 1559,English MPs 1555,English MPs 1558,Speakers of the House of Commons of England,Year of birth uncertain,Members of the Inner Temple,Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Thomas Williams (speaker)

paragraph: Thomas Williams (1513/1514–1566) was a Speaker of the English House of Commons. He was a lawyer and a member of the Inner Temple, sat as MP for Exeter (UK Parliament constituency) during the first and second Parliaments of Elizabeth I and was elected Speaker on 12 January 1563 and remained so until his unexpected death in 1566. His family home was Stowford House in the parish of Harford, Devon.

paragraph: He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Bodmin 1555, Saltash 1558, Tavistock 1559 and Exeter 1563.

paragraph: Section::::Family history.

paragraph: Section::::Family history.:Family crest.

paragraph: Three curlews' heads and necks erased.

paragraph: Section::::Family history.:Arms.

paragraph: 1. Sable, three curlews' heads erased argent. 2. Ermine, a lion passant gules. [DREWE.] 3. Or, a fess wavy gules between three (?) goats' heads erased of the same. 4. On a chevron sable four bars wavy of the field. [Prideaux.]

paragraph: 5. Azure, a bend per bend indented argent and gules between six escallops or [Cruwys.] 6. Gules, on a bend sable cotised or three boars heads couped argent. [Edgcombe.]

paragraph: Section::::Family history.:Family links.

paragraph: These records reflect both the tombstones preserved in St Pedroc's Church, Harford and other genealogical records.

paragraph: Father: Adam Williams b. ca. 1484

paragraph: Mother: Alice Prideaux b. 1488

paragraph: Thomas Williams: Only known child

paragraph: Wife: Emeline (Emliss) Crewes 1515-1602 daughter of William Crewes and Margaret Pollard of Mochard, Devon b. 1492 Married in Chimley 1545

paragraph: Daughters: Joane Williams wife of Phillip Cole / Emlyn died 12/12/1610? / Thomasina wife of Francis Buller

paragraph: Sons Thomas 2 ob S.P. / John Williams husband of Marie Drewe of Hayne

paragraph: Note: John Williams died 01/11/1615 husband of Mary Drew of Hayne. It is John who is reported to have sold the ancestral home to the Saverys in the reign of Charles 1.

paragraph: Grandchildren of heir Jone / Arthur / Thomas / Adam

paragraph: Great grandchildren of heir Richard / Thomas / Anne / Emylyn

paragraph: Section::::Family history.:Burial details.

paragraph: He is buried in Harford Church, South Devon.

paragraph: His coffin inscription says:

paragraph: Here lyeth the corps of Thoms Willms esquire

paragraph: Twice reader he in court was

paragraph: Whose sacred minde to vertu did aspire

paragraph: Of Parlament he speaker hence did passé

paragraph: The comen he studied to preserue

paragraph: And thew relygion ever to maynetayne

paragraph: In place of justyce where as he dyd serue

paragraph: And nowe in heaven wth mightie love doth raigne

paragraph: Obiit primo die mensis Julii Ao Dni Moccccclxvi.

paragraph: Aetatis suæ anno quinquagesimo secundo.

paragraph: Section::::Parliamentary life.

paragraph: Section::::Parliamentary life.:Informing the House of the death of the Speaker.

paragraph: The Parliamentary entry states:

paragraph: Lunae, 30o Septembris

paragraph: Proceedings on Death of the Speaker.

paragraph: At which Thirtieth Day of September, 1566, & Anno Octavo Elizabethae Reginae, Mr. Comptroller, declaring the Death of Mr. Williams, the late Speaker, moved, that some of the House might be sent up to the Lords, to require them, that they would be a Mean to the Queen's Majesty, that this House, by her Majesty's Licence, might proceed (according to the ancient Custom) to the Election of a Speaker: Whereupon immediately Mr. Comptroller, Mr. Secretary, with a convenient Number, went up to the Lords with that Message ; and brought Answer, the Lords would gladly, by a convenient Number, do it; and required, that Four of this House, being of the Privy Council, might join with them therein.

paragraph: The Lords named were, the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, the Duke of Norfolk, the Lord Treasurer, and the Marquis of Northampton.

paragraph: Of this House were, Mr. Comptroller, Mr. Secretary Cicill, Sir Francis Knolles, Vicechamberlain, and Sir Ambrose Cave, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

paragraph: And then agreed to meet there again at Nine of the Clock the Morrow following, to know the Queen's Majesty's Pleasure.

paragraph: Section::::Parliamentary life.:Informing the House of Lords of the death of the Speaker.

paragraph: Entry the Journal of the Proceedings of the House of Lords in the Session of Parliament holden at Westminster, An. 8 Regin. Eliz. A. D. 1566. which began there (after divers Prorogations of the same) on Monday 30 September, and then and there continued until the Dissolution thereof on Thursday the 2d day of Jan. Ann. 9. Regin. ejusdem. states:

paragraph: This day Sir Edward Rogers Knight, Comptroller of her Highness Household, Sir Francis Knolles Knight, her Highness Vice-Chamberlain, Sir William Cecill Knight, her Highness Principal Secretary, and Sir Ambrose Cave Knight, Chancellor of her Highness Dutchy of Lancaster, four Chief Members of the House of Commons, and divers others of that Assembly to the number of twenty persons, being sent up to the Lords from that House upon some urgent and weighty occasions, desired to be admitted into the Upper House, there to make known to their Lordships somewhat wherein they should require their advice, and need their assistance; upon which, being admitted, the said Mr Comptroller, assisted with the Personages and Company aforesaid, did in comely order and discreet modesty, make manisest and known unto the said Lords, that Thomas Williams Esquire, their late Speaker in the last Session of this Parliament, in the fifth Year of the Queens Majesty that now is, was bereft from them by Death, which had been openly and manifestly made known and testified unto them; for remedy of which defection, they humbly prayed their Lordships advice; after which the Lord Keeper, first requiring the said Personages a while to withdraw themselves, and then commending the Order of the matter to the Lords sitting in consultation for the same, it was by them all upon considerate advice therein had, thought fit to signifie unto the said Commons by the Personages aforesaid, that they thought it expedient and good, the said Lord Keeper, the Lord Treasurer of England, the Duke his Grace of Norfolk, and the Lord Marquess of Northampton, with the four forecited Personages of the said House of Commons, being also of her Highness most Honourable Privy-Council, should in the name of both of the Assemblies, with all humbleness and due celerity, make intimation of their said Estate, and the Petition thereupon depending, unto her said Highness, to which advice the said House of Commons, upon knowledge had of the same, wholly assented.

paragraph: Section::::Parliamentary life.:Bills presented during his term as Speaker.

paragraph: Some of the Bills presented to Parliament whilst Thomas Williams was Speaker include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bills of Restitution including the families of Archbishop Cranmer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- that the Bible and Book of Service may be in the Welsh Tongue in Wales.

paragraph: BULLET::::- for an Office of a Register, to keep the Church Books for Wedding, Christening and Burying.

paragraph: BULLET::::- to revive the Statute for Punishment of Buggery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- for Punishment of Invocations of Evil Spirits, Witchcraft, Inchantment, or Sorcery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- against fond and fantastical Prophecies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- for Punishment of Perjury by false Witnesses.

paragraph: BULLET::::- for Relief of the Poor, by weekly Alms in every Parish.

paragraph: BULLET::::- for further Punishment of Vagabonds, calling themselves Egyptians.

paragraph: BULLET::::- against unlawful Taking of Fish, Deer, Conies or Hawks.

paragraph: BULLET::::- for unlawful Nets to take Fish in Thamyse.

paragraph: BULLET::::- for Destruction of Crows, Choughs, Rooks, and other such Vermin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- touching Buying of Spanish or Ostrich, Wools for Hats or Felts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- for the Orders and Wages of Servants of Husbandry and Artificers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- that Cattle, purveyed for the Queen's Household, shall be branded with Pitch.

paragraph: BULLET::::- that Gifts made by any Person of the Eighth Part of his Goods, within Eight Days before his Death, shall be void.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Department of Information Services (2009) Speakers of the House of Commons, Parliamentary Information List, SN/PC/04637

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke, Sir Bernard C.B., LL.D.(1884) The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hasler. P.W. (1982) The Commons 1558-1603

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lysons. D. and S (1822) Magna Britannia, a concise topographical account of the several counties of Great Britain v 6 Devonshire

paragraph: BULLET::::- d'Ewes. Sir Simonds, Bowes P "et al." (1682) Journals of Parliament

paragraph: BULLET::::- d'Ewes. Sir Simonds Bowes P "et al." (1682) Journal of the Proceedings of the House of Lords in the Session of Parliament holden at Westminster, An.8 Regin. Eliz. A. D. 1566

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harleian Society. (1871) The Visitations of the County of Devon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stabb. John. (1916) Some Old Devon Churches, Their Rood Screens, Pulpits, Fonts, etc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: Speaker of the House of Commons under Queen Elizabeth I

wikidata_label: Thomas Williams

wikipedia_title: Thomas Williams (speaker)


text: ruptured eardrum

text: Tokorozawa, Saitama

text: Nihon University

text: Audrey Hepburn

text: Wang HongXiang

text: Autobacs

text: M-1 Grand Prix

text: American Football

text: Kanto

text: defensive end

text: penny-pincher

text: astro turf

text: manzai

text: Seibu Dome

text: Glay

text: Teru

text: mass communication

text: TV producer

text: play writer

text: tsukkomi

text: terrestrial TV

text: consolation

text: Non Style

text: sideburns

text: Waratte Iitomo

text: All Night Nippon

text: index finger

text: single-family home

text: Playboy

text: softball

text: samurai

text: Dogu

text: Moai

text: London Hearts

text: paparazzo

text: Hippo

text: Meiji Seika

text: anime

text: Fuji Television

text: Nippon Television

text: Wednesday's Downtown

text: Nippon Cultural Broadcasting

text: Nippon Broadcasting System

text: Sora o Minakya Komaruyo! (そらを見なきゃ困るよ!)

text: GyaO

text: Kokuccha! (告っちゃ!)

text: Ainari (あいなり)

text: Owari TV - Audrey

categories: Japanese comedians,People from Saitama Prefecture,Living people,1979 births

paragraph: Toshiaki Kasuga

paragraph: Though he was also a K-1 fighter in 2007, he retired after two fighting matches suffering a ruptured eardrum.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 - Born in Tokorozawa, Saitama

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 - Graduated from Meiho Elementary School, Tokorozawa, Saitama

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 - Met Wakabayashi as a classmate

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 - Graduated from Nihon University Dai-ni Junior High School in Tokyo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 - Graduated from Nihon University Dai-ni High School in Tokyo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 - Entered Nihon University majoring in commerce in Tokyo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 - Formed owari duo "Nice Middle" with Wakabayashi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - Changed the duo's name to "Audrey", taken from Audrey Hepburn

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - Defeated by Wang HongXiang at K-1 Tryout

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - Won 2nd place at Autobacs M-1 Grand Prix 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Won 1st place at Shinshun Owarai Taisho - New wave awards (won 76,009 votes out of total 212,036 from TV audiences)

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Kasuga learned swimming from his early childhood through his junior high school years. He attended a private junior high school in Tokyo, Nihon University Dai-ni Junior High, and met Wakabayashi there when they were 8th graders. Wakabayashi, a trouble-making kid sitting just behind Kasuga, played with him, sneakily cutting his hair from behind without telling him. In spite of Wakabayashi's misbehavior, Kasusga's first impression on Wakabayashi was that he was a "cute boy", and they got along. They also attended the same high school, Nihon University Dai-ni High School and joined the American Football Club. Kasuga was chosen as a member of the Kanto's all-star American Football Team as a defensive end. However, a penny-pincher, Kasuga did not want to buy outdoor shoes for astro turf that players were suggested to wear for the all-star game, and improperly wearing indoor shoes, was replaced soon after the game had started.

paragraph: After his high school years, Wakabayashi invited Kasuga to be his manzai partner. However, Kasuga decided to attend Nihon University instead. He spent his university years by taking part-time jobs such as a sales clerk position at Seibu Dome. He mentioned that one day a Glay concert was held there while he was working, and he was very moved after ten years when he was invited to Glay vocalist Teru's birthday party as his favorite aspiring comedian.

paragraph: Attending mass communication seminars, Kasuga initially planned to be a TV producer while Wakabayashi kept inviting Kasuga to start a comedy career. Finally Kasuga accepted his offer, and they formed a comedy duo, "Nice Middle", in 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Dark days to M-1 Grand Prix 2008.

paragraph: Although they happily jumped into a comedy career, they stayed unsuccessful for several years. One day, six years since their debut, a TV play writer called Wakabayashi in person and told him "Kasuga has no talent as a tsukkomi. If you want to play a boke, you'd better look for another partner." Wakabayashi, then the boke of the duo, relayed the comment to the then tsukkomi Kasuga, but he initially thought Wakabashi was just joking around and did not believe him at all. They eventually swapped their roles, went through a trial-and-error process, and finally they made the first appearance on terrestrial TV on New Year's Day of 2008. On December 21, 2008, the two made it all the way into the final round of the M-1 Grand Prix of the year from the consolation match. During the first session in the final, they were temporarily in the top position above the other eight duos, but eventually ended up 2nd behind Non Style.

paragraph: Section::::Rise to popularity.

paragraph: Shaving his sideburns (a hair style called a "techno-cut"), wearing his hair parted "80/20" (80% of the hair is combed to the right and the rest to the left) and a pink sweater vest, Kasuga, a unique arrogant character, has been broadly accepted by audiences since the M-1 Grand Prix.

paragraph: In October 2009, Kasuga was chosen with Wakabayashi as a new regular member for "Waratte Iitomo", the nation's most popular afternoon TV show, and a radio personality for "All Night Nippon", one of the longest-running radio programs in Japan.

paragraph: Section::::Character on stage.

paragraph: Kasuga walks heavily and slowly with his proud 101 cm chest expanding toward the center of the stage. At the opening, he drops a bossy comment to female audiences such as "Would you like to deliver Kasuga's baby?" In manzai, he tries to shoot "tsukkomi" and each time it turns out to be terribly off-the-line boke. Also, he interrupts Wakabayashi's talks with delayed responses and frequent gags.

paragraph: In manzai and talk, he responds back saying "Oui" (which he means "Yes"). Holding up his index finger, he yells "Toos!" meaning "Hey!" or "I did it!" This comes from a common pose or call of American Football players. Some of his other recurring gags include "Onigawara", "Apa" and the "Kasu" dance.

paragraph: Section::::Penny pincher.

paragraph: His stingy life style has been introduced in many variety shows. He says that he wants to save as much money as possible to buy a single-family home in the future.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He is described as reserved, polite and modest, contrary to his character on TV. Wakabayashi has said he has never heard Kasuga speaking bad about others. Mikio Date, a member of owarai duo Sandwichman has also said Kasuga had neither spoken ill of others nor agreed with other comedians' bad comments on others at their joint live rehearsals.

paragraph: His father has been very supportive of his career, making original DVDs of Kasuga to distribute to the family's neighbors, and frequently giving him advice by e-mail.　Though initially against his comedy career, his mother is also supportive, distributing to neighbors the Playboy magazine when one of the issues carried an article on Kasuga. According to Kasuga, all of his family members are big-boned. His mother used to be a softball player.

paragraph: Kasuga had a fanatical female fan called "Ochimusha" (stray samurai) when he was a football player in high school. From the age of 20, he had a girlfriend (called "Dogu" (clay doll) by Wakabayashi) for five years. When he dated her, his friends called him "Moai" due to his big head, and named the two "the mysterious couple." She later said on the TV program "London Hearts" that he was gentle, but she separated from him because she did not like his indecisiveness. On the show, unexpectedly meeting her at a bar, he got very nervous and passed her once but looked back at her repeatedly. (He just looked like he was "spinning around.")

paragraph: On his birthday, February 9, 2009, he was photographed by a paparazzo during the night while he was dating a 30-year-old woman who, according to Wakabayashi, resembles the "Hippo of Isodin." (One of Japanese confectionery/pharmaceutical company Meiji Seika's anime characters. See the "External Links" section below). Kasuga later said that he was going to make her his girlfriend, but after the photo's publication, he was unsuccessful in reaching her.

paragraph: In April, 2019, Kasuga proposed to his girlfriend of 11 years ""Kumi-san"" on the television variety "Monitoring".

paragraph: Section::::Media.

paragraph: Section::::Media.:TV.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campus Night Fuji (キャンパスナイト･フジ) -- Fuji Television/CX (4/10/2009-)

paragraph: BULLET::::- School Kakumei (スクール革命!) -- Nippon Television (4/5/2009-)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Merengue no Kimochi (メレンゲの気持ち) -- Nippon Television (4/25/2009-) *Every three weeks

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zenbu uso (ぜんぶウソ) -- Nippon Television (10/3/2009-)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morita Kazuyoshi Hour Waratte Iitomo! (森田一義アワー笑っていいとも！) -- Fuji Television (10/9/2009-) *Every Monday

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wednesday's Downtown

paragraph: Section::::Media.:Radio.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Audrey no Shampoo Ojisan (オードリーのシャンプーおじさん) -- Nippon Cultural Broadcasting (4/7/2009-) *Every Tuesday

paragraph: BULLET::::- All Night Nippon (オールナイトニッポン) -- Nippon Broadcasting System (10/10/2009-) *Every Sunday from 1:00 am

paragraph: Section::::Media.:Internet TV.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sora o Minakya Komaruyo! (そらを見なきゃ困るよ!)—GyaO Jocky (11/2007-）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kokuccha! (告っちゃ!)—GyaO Jocky (5/2007-）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ainari (あいなり)—GyaO Jocky (9/2007-10/2007）

paragraph: BULLET::::- After School, Totsugeki High School (After School TV内「突撃!ハイスクール」)—Nikkei Shingaku Navi (3/2008-）

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Audrey Official Website provided by K Dash stage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Owari TV - Audrey

description: Japanese comedian

wikidata_label: Toshiaki Kasuga

wikipedia_title: Toshiaki Kasuga


text:
rower
coxed eight
single scull
1913 European Rowing Championships
Giuseppe Sinigaglia
Anatol Peresselenzeff
Friedrich Graf

categories: Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Olympic medalists in rowing,1951 deaths,Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1908 Summer Olympics,Rowers at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Olympic rowers of Belgium,Flemish sportspeople,1881 births,Belgian male rowers,Olympic silver medalists for Belgium,Rowers from Ghent

paragraph: Polydore Veirman

paragraph: Polydore Jules Léon Veirman (23 February 1881 – 1951) was a Belgian rower who won two Olympic silver medals: in 1908 in the coxed eight, and in 1912 in the single scull. Between 1901 and 1912 Veirman won four gold and three silver medals in various events at European championships. He was assured another medal at the 1913 European Rowing Championships as of the four single scull finalists, Giuseppe Sinigaglia and Anatol Peresselenzeff were disqualified. Competing against only one other rower, Veirman capsized and Friedrich Graf was the only one to reach the finish line.

description: Belgian rower

wikidata_label: Polydore Veirman

wikipedia_title: Polydore Veirman


text:
Seventy Apostles
Ampliatus
Stachys
Narcissus of Athens
Apelles of Heraklion
Aristobulus of Britannia
Saint Andrew
bishop
Macedonia
martyr
feast day
saint
Eastern Orthodox Church
Roman Catholic Church
Troparion
Kontakion
Nikolai Velimirovic
Prologue from Ohrid
Apostle Urban of the Seventy
OCA

categories: 1st-century Christian saints,Seventy disciples,Year of birth unknown,1st-century deaths,Saints of Roman Macedonia

paragraph: Urban of Macedonia

paragraph: Urban of Macedonia is numbered among the Seventy Apostles. Along with the Apostles Ampliatus, Stachys, Narcissus of Athens, Apelles of Heraklion and Aristobulus of Britannia he assisted Saint Andrew. St. Andrew ordained Urban bishop in Macedonia. He died a martyr, and his feast day is October 31.

paragraph: Urban is venerated as saint by Eastern Orthodox Church (January 4, October 31), Roman Catholic Church (July 13) and other Christian Churches.

paragraph: Section::::Hymns.

paragraph: Troparion (Tone 3)

paragraph: Kontakion (Tone 8)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Nikolai Velimirovic, "The Prologue from Ohrid"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Apostle Urban of the Seventy (OCA)

description: one of the Seventy disciples according to Pseudo-Hippolytus

wikidata_label: Urban of Macedonia

wikipedia_title: Urban of Macedonia


text: Brunei

text: Wazirs

text: Sultan Abdul Momin

text: Brooke government

text: Sarawak

text: Abdul Momin

text: Punang Terusan

text: Limbang

text: Sarawak

text: Belait

text: Tutong

text: Sultan Abdul Hamid

text: Ottoman Turkey

text: Omar Ali Saifuddin II

categories: 1850 births,19th-century Sultans of Brunei,1906 deaths

paragraph: Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin

paragraph: Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin ibni Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien II was the 25th Sultan of Brunei from 30 May 1885 to 10 May 1906. Before he became the Sultan, he was one of the four Wazirs in Brunei and was known as Pengiran Temenggong Sahibul Bahar Pengiran Anak Hashim. He had acted as regent when Sultan Abdul Momin became old. At that time also, his elder brother, Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Muhammad Salleh had died.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Upon his ascension to the throne, he inherited a much smaller kingdom than when his father was sultan. He faced a challenge from the British North Borneo Company and the Brooke government in Sarawak who wanted more lands from Brunei and it was not strong enough to stop them from taking control of these lands. Therefore, although he was aware of Sultan Abdul Momin’s Amanat, he still had to sign an agreement to cede Punang Terusan to Sarawak.

paragraph: Section::::Treaty of Protection 1888.

paragraph: During his reign, two important agreements were made between Brunei and Britain. The Treaty of Protection of 1888 made Brunei a British Protectorate. And another agreement was Supplementary Agreement of 1905/1906.

paragraph: Section::::The Loss of Limbang.

paragraph: Limbang, which today become part of Sarawak, was originally part of Brunei until the reign of Sultan Hashim. However, it was after the signing of the Treaty of Protection of 1888 did Brunei loss Limbang. This treaty eventually did not save Brunei from any foreign intervention because the British did not stop Charles Brooke from seizing Limbang in 1890. In 1901 and 1902, Brooke and Hewett asked him to cede Belait and Tutong to them but he refused and said, "What would happen to me, my chiefs and my descendants? I should be left like a tree, stripped of branches and twigs."

paragraph: Section::::The beginning of British indirect rule in Brunei.

paragraph: He felt that the British were not really protecting Brunei. He sought help from Sultan Abdul Hamid of Ottoman Turkey. The British discovered this and decided to send Malcolm McArthur to solve the problems in Brunei. Therefore, the Supplementary Agreement of 1905/1906 was signed. Under this treaty, Brunei accepted a British Resident to advise the Sultan on both external and internal affairs except those relating to Islam and Malay customs.

paragraph: Section::::The establishment of the Brunei official flag.

paragraph: After Brunei signed the Supplementary Agreement of 1905/1906, which make Brunei a British shade, then it is of interest that the brunei should have its own national flag like other countries. Design proposals have been made and agreed that the shape of the flag of the flag is based on the yellow and the irregular color of white and black. all of these colors have their own symbols, yellow color symbol for the Sultan, white color symbol for the Pengiran Bendahara, and black color symbol for the Pengiran Pemancha. In 1906, the Brunei flag at that time had no banners.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In 1903, his eldest son and chosen heir, Pengiran Muda Besar Omar Ali Saifuddin, died in an outbreak of cholera, as did his second son, Pengiran Muda Tengah. Mourning their deaths, his health deteriorated further

paragraph: He died on 10 May 1906. He was buried at the Royal Mausoleum in Bandar Brunei, alongside his father, Omar Ali Saifuddin II. He was succeeded by his surviving son, Pengiran Muda Bongsu Muhammad Jamalul Alam.

description: Sultan of Brunei

wikidata_label: Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin of Brunei

wikipedia_title: Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin


text: ashigaru

text: Tokugawa Ieyasu

text: Hashiba Hidenaga

text: Toyotomi Hideyoshi

text: invasions of Korea

text: Iyo

text: Uwajima

text: koku

text: Battle of Sekigahara

text: Imabari

text: Tsu

text: Iga

text: Ise

text: Akai Naomasa

text: castle design

text: Edo Castle

text: Wakayama Castle

text: Uwajima Castle

text: Imabari Castle

text: Iga Ueno Castle

text: Sasayama Castle

text: Kim Myung-gon

text: Yi Soon Shin: Warrior and Defender

text: Battle of Hansando

text: Azai

text: Ōtani Yoshitsugu

text: Tōdō family information

paragraph: Tōdō Takatora

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: He rose from relatively humble origins as an ashigaru (a foot soldier) to become a "daimyō". During his lifetime he changed his feudal master seven times and worked for ten people, but in the end he rendered loyalty to Tokugawa Ieyasu, who became his last master.

paragraph: Tōdō Takatora was promoted rapidly under Hashiba Hidenaga, the younger brother of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and he participated in the invasions of Korea as a commander of Toyotomi's fleet. His fiefdom at that time was Iyo-Uwajima. During the Edo period, the wealth of each fiefdom was measured as a volume of rice production in "koku". Iyo-Uwajima was assessed at 70,000 koku.

paragraph: At the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, although he was one of Toyotomi's main generals, he sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu. After the war he was given a larger fiefdom, Iyo-Imabari, assessed at 200,000 koku. Later in life he was made lord of Tsu (with landholdings in Iga and Ise), a domain of 320,000 koku.

paragraph: After the death of Akai Naomasa, some members of the Akai clan became retainers to the Tōdō house.

paragraph: Tōdō Takatora is also famous for excellence in castle design. He is said to have been involved in building as many as twenty castles, including Edo Castle, Wakayama Castle, Uwajima Castle, Imabari Castle, Iga Ueno Castle and Sasayama Castle.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.:Films.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Kim Myung-gon in the 2014 film "".

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.:Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A fictionalized version of Todo (renamed ""Todo Tokotora"") appears in the 2009 comic miniseries "Yi Soon Shin: Warrior and Defender", where he is shown in a lover's relationship with fellow general Gurijima Michiyuki. Gurijima's death during the Battle of Hansando becomes Todo's primary motivation to eliminate Yi.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.:Video games.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takatora is a playable character in the Samurai Warriors franchise debuting in Sengoku Musou Chronicle 2nd. In Samurai Warriors 4, he is portrayed as an Azai retainer and a close friend of Ōtani Yoshitsugu before joining the Toyotomi.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tōdō family information (25 Sept. 2007)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Momoyama, Japanese Art in the Age of Grandeur, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Tōdō Takatora

alias:
Todo Takatora
Toudou Takatora

description: daimyo

wikidata_label: Tōdō Takatora

wikipedia_title: Tōdō Takatora


text:
World War II
World War II
formica
plywood
Société des artistes décorateurs
Pierre Guariche
Joseph André Motte
Jean Prouvé
Charlotte Perriand
Jacqueline Lecoq
Joseph-André Motte
rattan
Triennale
Brussels

paragraph: René-Jean Caillette

paragraph: René-Jean Caillette (1919–2005) was a French decorative artist and designer, son of a cabinetmaker. His elegant and modernistic furniture designs were mass-produced after World War II (1939–45). His molded plywood Diamond chair is considered a classic.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: René-Jean Caillette was born in 1919, the son of a cabinetmaker.

paragraph: He followed his father's trade, creating furniture designs that were functional and visually simple.

paragraph: In the period after World War II (1939–45) there was increased interest in using new methods and materials for mass production of furniture. Manufacturers of materials such as formica, plywood, aluminum, and steel sponsored the salons of the "Société des artistes décorateurs". Designers who exhibited their experimental work at the salons in this period included Caillette, Pierre Guariche, Joseph André Motte, Jean Prouvé, Charlotte Perriand, Antoine Philippon and Jacqueline Lecoq.

paragraph: In 1950 Caillette's work was discovered by George Charron, a major French furniture manufacturer.

paragraph: Caillette collaborated as a designer with Alain Richard, Genevieve Dangles and Joseph-André Motte, who called themselves "Group 4".

paragraph: They created simple designs using materials such as plywood, plastic, rattan, and formica to create affordable modernist designs for mass production.

paragraph: In 1952 Caillette was awarded the René Gabriel prize, and in 1962 won the silver medal at the Milan "Triennale".

paragraph: He designed furniture for Charron until 1972.

paragraph: Cailette died in 2005.

paragraph: He bequeathed his estate to a charity.

paragraph: Section::::Designs.

paragraph: Caillette was rigorous in his approach to developing and prototyping designs.

paragraph: He was always committed to simplicity of line, and was innovative in use of materials.

paragraph: Caillette remained fond of wood. He said, "I am the son of a cabinetmaker, and I still remember the smell of wood shavings in the workshop of my father."

paragraph: He said, "I consider design to be wanted, determined, thoughtful, and assertive."

paragraph: His 1958 Diamond chair was manufactured by Steiner. Caillette said of this signature design, "It is the most pure and the most easy to fabricate of my models in molded plywood. I designed it with a piece of cardboard, telling myself that if the cardboard could fold, then so could wood."

paragraph: The Diamond chair has been called an icon of French modernism. It was awarded the gold medal at the 1958 international EXPO in Brussels.

description: French designer

wikidata_label: René-Jean Caillette

wikipedia_title: René-Jean Caillette


text:
New Mexico
probate judge
alderman
Civil War
Albuquerque
Milton J. Yarberry
Republican party
Valencia county, New Mexico
St. Louis University
Las Cruces
Doña Ana county
Fort Snelling, Minnesota
Vol. 2
Perfecto Armijo

categories: 1845 births,People of the New Mexico Territory,1913 deaths,Hispanic and Latino American history

paragraph: Perfecto Armijo

paragraph: Perfecto Armijo (1845–1913) was a native of New Mexico, where he became frontier trader, store owner, probate judge, county sheriff, alderman, county treasurer and rancher. He was also a Civil War colonel in the New Mexico militia. In Albuquerque, he befriended gunman Milton J. Yarberry, hired him as a county deputy, and helped him to gain an appointment as first town marshal. However, he was later forced to hang Yarberry for charges of murder, though he continued to plea his innocence, stating that "Yarberry should have been rewarded instead of punished" for the killings.

paragraph: Section::::George B. Anderson, "History of New Mexico: Its Resources and People" (1907) Vol. 2.

paragraph: Colonel Perfecto Armijo, sheriff of Albuquerque, is a son of Ambrosia Armijo, who was born at Ranches of Albuquerque. He was probate judge for many years and served as a colonel of the militia during the Civil war. Prominent in public life, he was treasurer of the county at the time of his death, which occurred in 1884. His political allegiance was given the Republican party. He married Candelario Otero, a daughter of Vicente Otero.

paragraph: Colonel Perfecto Armijo was born in Valencia county, New Mexico, February 20, 1845, and supplemented his preliminary education by four years' study in St. Louis University, being a student there at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war. He was active in various military drills there with the boys at school, but did not enlist. About 1862 he returned to New Mexico, and for a number of years engaged in freighting to Leavenworth, Kansas City, Chihuahua, El Paso, Tucson, Prescott and other points, during which time he had much trouble with the Indians, who were numerous upon the frontier and committed many depredations against the white settlers, who were trying to found homes and engage in business in this part of the country. At Las Cruces, he established a store in connection with his brother, Jesus Armijo. Later he freighted again until 1880, when the railroad was built, and rendering his business unremunerative, he sold his teams and other paraphernalia of the freighting outfits. At that time he turned his attention to merchandising in Old Albuquerque, where he conducted business for several years. He was appointed sheriff of the county and served for one year, after which he was elected on the Republican ticket to the office of sheriff of the county. He was also alderman of Albuquerque and was a delegate to the last convention. On September 1, 1905, he was appointed sheriff to succeed Thomas S. Hubbell, and after a hard contest, which is now historic, gained the office.

paragraph: Colonel Armijo was married in 1868 to Miss Febronia Garcia, a daughter of Pedro Garcia, of Doña Ana county. They had nine children, two of whom have died. The living are Victoriano, the wife of Captain A. W. Kimball, quartermaster at Fort Snelling, Minnesota; David, of the City of Mexico; Candelario, the wife of Alfredo Otero; Solomon, a resident of Colorado; Chonah and Perfecto, both at home, and Juanita, the wife of Dr. Rogers Haynes, at El Vado, New Mexico.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George B. Anderson, "History of New Mexico: Its Resources and People", Vol. 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perfecto Armijo Find a Grave

wikidata_label: Perfecto Armijo

wikipedia_title: Perfecto Armijo


text:
Classical Latin
Classical Latin
Roman Emperor
Caligula
Milonia Caesonia
Julia Drusilla
Minerva
Suetonius
Suetonius
Palatine Hill
Rome
Claudius
Praetorian Guard
Cassius Chaerea
cryptoporticus
damnatio memoriae
Herod Agrippa the Great
Victory
Caligula
Caligula

categories: 39 births,Ancient Roman women,Ancient Roman murder victims,1st-century Roman women,Murdered Italian children,1st-century Romans,Female murder victims,41 deaths,Murdered royalty,Julii

paragraph: Julia Drusilla (daughter of Caligula)

paragraph: Julia Drusilla (Classical Latin: ; middle of AD 39 – 24 January 41), known as Drusilla the Younger (Classical Latin: ; transcribed as "Drusilla Minor") during her lifetime, was the only child and daughter of Roman Emperor Gaius (Caligula) and his fourth and last wife Milonia Caesonia. One-year-old Julia Drusilla was assassinated along with her parents on 24 January 41.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Named after her late aunt and her father's favorite sister, Julia Drusilla, Julia was born not long after Caligula married Caesonia (some sources have her being born on the same day as the marriage). The date of her parents' marriage has not been determined for certain, but it is known that it was sometime in the summer of AD 39. When Drusilla, as the child was called, was born, Caligula took her to a temple that housed statues of goddesses and placed her on the lap of Minerva, instructing the goddess to nurse and train his new daughter. The reason for Caligula's hasty marriage with the neither young nor beautiful Milonia Caesonia was the purported illegitimacy of his daughter: should Caligula marry his daughter's mother, the child would become his heir.

paragraph: The order of events suggests that he did not want to marry until a child of his had already been born, a child who would be the purpose of the union. Soon after her birth, Caligula set up donation boxes around Rome marked "Julia's Drink" or "Julia's Food". According to the ancient historian Suetonius, Caligula believed that Minerva would supervise his daughter's growth and education. Suetonius further claims that "[Caligula] considered [Drusilla] as his own child for no better reason than her savage temper, which was such even in her infancy, that she would attack with her nails the face and eyes of the children that play with her."

paragraph: Section::::Murder.

paragraph: On 24 January 41, Julia Drusilla and her parents were at the imperial palace complex on Palatine Hill in Rome. A conspiracy to assassinate Caligula and replace him with his uncle Claudius had been in discussion for some time and that day had been decided for the event. While Caligula was addressing an acting troupe of young men during a series of games and dramatics held for the Divine Augustus, the Praetorian Guard, led by Cassius Chaerea, stormed the imperial complex.

paragraph: The cryptoporticus (underground corridor) where this event would have taken place was discovered beneath the imperial palaces on the Palatine Hill. By the time Caligula's loyal Germanic guard responded, the emperor was already dead. A few hours later, the Empress Caesonia was fatally stabbed by Lupus, a tribune especially sent by Chaerea to murder the two remaining family members. Drusilla was murdered by "having her brains knocked out against a wall."

paragraph: Section::::Murder.:Aftermath.

paragraph: After their murder, all images of Empress Caesonia and young Drusilla Minor were destroyed in hopes of making people forget they ever existed, as a sort of damnatio memoriae. Although these once did exist, no sculptures of Caesonia and Drusilla survive. Although other, more powerful motives caused the deaths of her parents, Drusilla's murder was only justified by her paternity: as Caligula's only legitimate child, she could have claimed the throne for her descendants or even for herself. Her savage temper also contributed to Drusilla's death. The only surviving image of Drusilla is a coin issued by Herod Agrippa the Great, King of the Jews, that represents Drusilla as a small child sitting next to Victory. The coin reads "to Drusilla, daughter of Augustus."

paragraph: Section::::Impact on economy.

paragraph: Julia Drusilla's birth gave Caligula an additional excuse to impose heavier taxes on the empire for the burden of parenthood. Suetonius quotes him to have complained, "In addition to the burden of sovereignty, I must now shoulder that of fatherhood." He promptly took up a collection for her education and dowry. Suetonius said that "after the birth of his daughter, complaining of his poverty, and the burdens to which he was subjected, not only as an emperor, but a father, he made a general collection for her maintenance and fortune. He likewise gave public notice, that he would receive new-year's gifts on the calends of January following; and accordingly stood in the vestibule of his house, to clutch the presents which people of all ranks threw down before him by handfuls and lapfuls. At last, being seized with an invincible desire of feeling money, taking off his slippers, he repeatedly walked over great heaps of gold coin spread upon the spacious floor, and then laying himself down, rolled his whole body in gold over and over again."

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 – An uncredited child actor in the theatrical film "Caligula".

alias:
Julia Gaii Caesaris filia Drusilla
Julia C. Caesaris f. Drusilla
Julia Caesaris filia

description: daughter of Caligula

wikidata_label: Julia Drusilla

wikipedia_title: Julia Drusilla (daughter of Caligula)


text: Austria

text: American

text: composer

text: Czech

text: atonality

text: modern

text: Johannes Ockeghem

text: Vienna

text: Austria-Hungary

text: Franz Schreker

text: World War I

text: Alma Mahler

text: Gustav Mahler

text: Anna

text: Australia

text: Alma Moodie

text: Werner Reinhart

text: Dessau

text: Jonny spielt auf

text: Jonny spielt auf

text: Nazi Party

text: Entartete Musik

text: election of March 1933

text: Goethe

text: Mannheim

text: Vienna State Opera

text: commissioned

text: Karl V

text: United States

text: Vassar College

text: Hamline University

text: Saint Paul

text: Minnesota

text: Gladys Nordenstrom

text: Toronto, Ontario

text: The Royal Conservatory of Music

text: Milton Barnes

text: Lorne Betts

text: Roque Cordero

text: Samuel Dolin

text: Robert Erickson

text: Halim El-Dabh

text: Richard Maxfield

text: Will Ogdon

text: George Perle

text: Palm Springs, California

text: Symphony No. 10

text: pianist

text: composer

text: Eduard Erdmann

text: "Reliquie" piano sonata

text: Webster Aitken

text: Ray Lev

text: Friedrich Wührer

text: Stanislav Khristenko

text: "Unfinished" Symphony

text: Romantic

text: atonality

text: Paris

text: Igor Stravinsky

text: Les Six

text: jazz

text: opera

text: Schwergewicht

text: Franz Schubert

text: Arnold Schoenberg

text: twelve-tone technique

text: Karl V

text: modal

text: counterpoint

text: Electronic Music Studio

text: WDR

text: Cologne

text: serial

text: aleatoric music

text: Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver

text: Grand Austrian State Prize for Music

text: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art

text: Goethe Medal of Hesse

text: Bischof, Günter

text: (Subscription access)

text: Cambridge Companions to Music

text: Concert Hall Society

text: New Grove Dictionary of Opera

text: Orel Foundation

text: Art of the States: Ernst Krenek

text: Ernst-Krenek-Institut site

text: Krenek page

text: Interview with Ernst Krenek

text: Ernst Krenek Letters to Mildred Kayden

text: Special Collections & Archives

text: Ernst Krenek's BUCHLA Synthesizer

categories: 20th-century classical composers,20th-century American composers,American opera composers,Recipients of the Grand Austrian State Prize,1900 births,Ballet composers,American classical composers,Male opera composers,Classical musicians from California,String quartet composers,Czech male classical composers,Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art,Czech opera composers,Austrian classical composers,Vassar College faculty,Austrian people of Czech descent,Musicians from Palm Springs, California,Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,Pupils of Franz Schreker,Twelve-tone and serial composers,Austrian emigrants to the United States,People from Währing,Pupils of Arnold Schoenberg,Expressionist music,Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria,American people of Austrian descent,American male classical composers,Austrian opera composers,Austrian male classical composers,Czech classical composers,1991 deaths

paragraph: Ernst Krenek

paragraph: Ernst Krenek (, August 23, 1900December 22, 1991) was an Austrian, later American, composer of Czech origin. He explored atonality and other modern styles and wrote a number of books, including "Music Here and Now" (1939), a study of Johannes Ockeghem (1953), and "Horizons Circled: Reflections on my Music" (1974). Krenek wrote two pieces using the pseudonym Thornton Winsloe.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born Ernst Heinrich Křenek in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary), he was the son of a Czech soldier in the Austro-Hungarian army. He studied there and in Berlin with Franz Schreker before working in a number of German opera houses as conductor. During World War I, Krenek was drafted into the Austrian army, but he was stationed in Vienna, allowing him to go on with his musical studies. In 1922 he met Alma Mahler, widow of Gustav Mahler, and her daughter, Anna, to whom he dedicated his Symphony No. 2, and whom he married in March 1924. That marriage ended in divorce before its first anniversary.

paragraph: At the time of his marriage to Anna Mahler, Krenek was completing his Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 29. The Australian violinist Alma Moodie assisted Krenek, not with the scoring of the violin part, but with getting financial assistance from her Swiss patron Werner Reinhart at a time when there was hyper-inflation in Germany. In gratitude, Krenek dedicated the concerto to Moodie, and she premiered it on 5 January 1925, in Dessau. Krenek's divorce from Anna Mahler became final a few days after the premiere. Krenek did not attend the premiere, but he did have an affair with Moodie, which has been described as "short-lived and complicated". He never managed to hear her play the concerto, but he did "immortalize some aspects of her personality in the character of Anita in his opera "Jonny spielt auf"". This 'jazz opera', completed in 1926, was an enormous success across Europe and made Krenek a household name for several years; there was even a brand of cigarettes, still on the market today in Austria, named "Jonny". Krenek himself became uncomfortable with this success though, as his musical colleagues criticised the commercialisation of his music, and shortly afterwards changed his compositional direction radically.

paragraph: The jazz-influenced score of "Jonny spielt auf" and its central character of a black jazz musician (who is also seen womanising and stealing a priceless violin) brought Krenek the opprobrium of the nascent Nazi Party; the image of Jonny was distorted to form the centrepiece of the poster advertising the "Entartete Musik" exhibition of so-called 'degenerate' music in 1938. Krenek was frequently named as a Jewish composer during the Third Reich, although he was not, and was intimidated by the regime until his emigration; on March 6, 1933, one day after the last semi-free election of March 1933, Krenek's incidental music to Goethe's "Triumph der Empfindsamkeit" was withdrawn in Mannheim, and eventually pressure was brought to bear on the Vienna State Opera, which cancelled the commissioned premiere of "Karl V".

paragraph: In 1938 Krenek moved to the United States, where he taught music at various universities, the first being Vassar College. He later taught at Hamline University in Saint Paul, Minnesota from 1942 to 1947. There he met and married his third wife, his student and composer Gladys Nordenstrom. He became an American citizen in 1945. He later moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where he taught at The Royal Conservatory of Music during the 1950s. His students included Milton Barnes, Lorne Betts, Roque Cordero, Samuel Dolin, Robert Erickson, Halim El-Dabh, Richard Maxfield, Will Ogdon, and George Perle. He died in Palm Springs, California, where he had lived since 1966. In 1998 Gladys Nordenstrom founded the Ernst Krenek Institute; in 2004 the private foundation moved from Vienna to Krems, Austria.

paragraph: Section::::Completions of other composers' unfinished works.

paragraph: After meeting Krenek in 1922, Alma Mahler asked him to complete her late husband's Symphony No. 10. Krenek assisted in editing the first and third movements but went no further. More fruitful was Krenek's response to an approximately contemporary request from his pianist and composer friend Eduard Erdmann, who wished to add Schubert's "Reliquie" piano sonata to his repertoire, for completions of that work's fragmentary third and fourth movements. Krenek's completion, dated to 1921 in some sources but to 1922 in his own memory, later found other champions in Webster Aitken in the concert hall and Ray Lev; Friedrich Wührer; and, more recently, Stanislav Khristenko on records.

paragraph: In his notes to the Lev recording, dated July 1947, Krenek offered insights into the challenges of completing another composer's works in general and the Schubert sonata in particular.

paragraph: Completing the unfinished work of a great master is a very delicate task. In my opinion it can honestly be undertaken only if the original fragment contains all of the main ideas of the unfinished work. In such a case a respectful craftsman may attempt, after an absorbing study of the master's style, to elaborate on those ideas in a way which to the best of his knowledge might have been the way of the master himself. The work in question will probably have analogies among other, completed works of the master, and careful investigation of his methods in similar situations will indicate possible solutions of the problems posed by the unfinished work. Even then the artist who goes about the ticklish task will feel slightly uneasy, knowing from his own experience as a composer that the creative mind does not always follow its own precedents. He is more conscious of the fact that unpredictability is one of the most jealously guarded prerogatives of genius. ... However, scruples of this kind may be set aside once we are certain that the author of the fragment has put forth the essential thematic material that was expected to go into the work. If this is not the case, I feel that no one, not even the greatest genius, should dare to complete the fragments left by another genius.

paragraph: As an example, Krenek explains that a careful student of Rembrandt's style might be able to complete a painting lacking one or two corners but could never supply two entirely missing paintings from a four-painting series; such an attempt would result only in "more or less successful fakes." Turning to a musical example, Krenek, evidently unaware of the surviving sketch of a third movement, avers that Schubert's own "Unfinished" Symphony "was left by its creator with only two of its four movements written; of the other two there is no trace. It would be possible to write two or more movements to the symphony in the manner of Schubert, but it would not be Schubert."

paragraph: Section::::Musical style.

paragraph: Krenek's music encompassed a variety of styles and reflects many of the principal musical influences of the 20th century. His early work is in a late-Romantic idiom, showing the influence of his teacher Franz Schreker, but around 1920 he turned to atonality, under the influence of Ernst Kurth's textbook, "Lineare Kontrapunkt", and the tenets of Busoni, Schnabel, Erdmann, and Scherchen, amongst others.

paragraph: A visit to Paris, during which he became familiar with the work of Igor Stravinsky ("Pulcinella" was especially influential) and Les Six, led him to adopt a neo-classical style around 1924. Shortly afterward, he turned to neoromanticism and incorporated jazz influences into his opera "Jonny spielt auf" (Jonny Strikes Up, 1926) and one-act opera Schwergewicht (1928). Other neoromantic works of this period were modeled on music of Franz Schubert, a prime example being "Reisebuch aus den österreichischen Alpen" (1929).

paragraph: Krenek abandoned the neoromantic style in the late 1920s to embrace Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, the method exclusively employed in Krenek's opera "Karl V" (1931–33) and most of his later pieces. His most uncompromising use of the twelve-tone technique was in his Sixth String Quartet (1936) and his Piano Variations (1937). In the "Lamentatio Jeremiae prophetae" (1941–42) Krenek combined twelve-tone writing with techniques of modal counterpoint of the Renaissance.

paragraph: In 1955 he was invited to work in the Electronic Music Studio at WDR in Cologne, and this experience motivated him to develop a total serial idiom. Beginning around 1960 he added to his serial vocabulary some principles of aleatoric music, in works such as "Horizon Circled" (1967), "From Three Make Seven" (1960–61), and "Fibonacci-Mobile" (1964).

paragraph: In his later years his compositional style became more relaxed, though he continued to use elements of both twelve-tone and total serial techniques.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955: City of Vienna Prize for Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960: Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver ("Grosses Silbernes Ehrenzeichen")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960: Gold Medal of the City of Vienna

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963: Grand Austrian State Prize for Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ("Großes Verdienstkreuz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: Living Legend Award by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970: Honorary Ring of the Vienna

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978: Goethe Medal of Hesse

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: Honorary Citizen of the City of Vienna

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: Honorary Citizen of the City of New Orleans

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: Grand Decoration of Salzburg

paragraph: On Krenek's 85th birthday, the City of Vienna donated the Ernst Krenek Prize.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bischof, Günter, and Anton Pelinka (eds.) (2003). "The Americanization/Westernization of Austria". New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bowles, Garrett H. (comp.) (1989). "Ernst Krenek: A Bio-bibliography". New York and London: Greenwood Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bowles, Garrett H. (2001). "Krenek, Ernst". "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dreyfus, Kay (2003). "Alma Moodie and the Landscape of Giftedness". "Australasian Music Research" 7:1–14. (Subscription access)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krenek, Ernst (1943). "New Developments of the Twelve-Tone Technique". "The Music Review" 4, no. 2 (May): 81–97.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krenek, Ernst (1964). "A Composer's Influences". "Perspectives of New Music" 3, no. 1 (Autumn-Winter): 36-41

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lawson, Colin (1995). "The Cambridge Companion to the Clarinet". Cambridge Companions to Music. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. (cloth) (pbk)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lev, Ray (1947). Album notes for "Franz Schubert — Piano Sonata no. 15 in C Major (Unfinished); Allegretto in C Minor". Ray Lev, piano (78 RPM). [N.p.]: Concert Hall Society, Release B3.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ogdon, Will, and Ernst Krenek. 1972. "Conversation with Ernst Krenek". "Perspectives of New Music" 10, no. 2 (Spring-Summer): 102–10.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Purkis, Charlotte (1992a). "Karl V". "The New Grove Dictionary of Opera", edited by Stanley Sadie, 4 vols. London: Macmillan Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Purkis, Charlotte (1992b). "Krenek, Ernst". "The New Grove Dictionary of Opera", ed. Stanley Sadie, 4 vols. London: Macmillan Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tregear, Peter John (2001). "Musical style and political allegory in Krenek's Karl V". Cambridge Opera Journal, 13, 55-80.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stewart, John L. (1991). "Ernst Krenek: the Man and His Music". Berkeley: University of California Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor-Jay, Claire (2004). "The Artist Operas of Pfitzner, Krenek and Hindemith: Politics and the Ideology of the Artist". Aldershot, Hants, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wührer, Friedrich (ca. 1955). Album notes for "Franz Schubert Piano Sonatas" vol. 3 (LP). Vox VBX 11.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orel Foundation Ernst Krenek – biography, bibliography, works and discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art of the States: Ernst Krenek

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst-Krenek-Institut site contains an English-language discography, worklist, and details of each work, so only some works and information have been given above.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krenek page at Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS-Zeit

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Ernst Krenek, January 18, 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst Krenek Letters to Mildred Kayden MSS 713.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NAMM Oral History Interview with Gladys Krenek March 25, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst Krenek's BUCHLA Synthesizer GreatSynthesizers

description: Austrian/American composer

wikidata_label: Ernst Krenek

wikipedia_title: Ernst Krenek


text:
contemporary worship music
The Guardian
Thought for the Day
Vineyard
Brian Doerksen
Brenton Brown
Nashville
EMI
Sparrow Records
Ed Cash
Ed Cash
Matthew West
Joy Williams
Keith Green
San Diego
Steve Fee
Spring Harvest
Minehead
blog
role of women in the Church
National Diversity Awards
lesbian
The Independent on Sunday
television
radio
ethics
technology
Christianity
HarperCollins
Twitter
Canterbury
Simon Langton Girls' Grammar School
Oxford
University of Oxford
theology
linear scleroderma morphea
London
Durham University
Christianity and sexuality
same-sex marriage
Evangelical
Cranmer Award for Worship
Soul Survivor
Hungry
Vineyard UK
Vineyard UK
Vineyard UK
Soul Survivor
Kingsway
Survivor Records
WOW Worship Aqua
Provident
Soul Survivor
Soul Survivor

categories: Lesbian musicians,Evangelical Anglicans,English Anglicans,Christian music songwriters,Living people,LGBT musicians from England,1979 births,British performers of Christian music,LGBT songwriters,Alumni of Durham University,Alumni of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford,People from Canterbury,LGBT Anglicans

paragraph: Vicky Beeching

paragraph: Victoria Louise "Vicky" Beeching (born 17 July 1979) is an English musician and religious commentator. She is best known for her work in the American contemporary worship music genre, and has been described by "The Guardian" as "arguably the most influential Christian of her generation" due to her Twitter following and appearances on BBC's "Thought for the Day".

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Beeching's mother, who leads musical worship at her church, taught Beeching to play the piano and guitar when she was young. Beeching began writing songs at the age of 10, and leading worship music in church youth services in her early teens.

paragraph: From 1997 to 2001, she attended Oxford Vineyard Church, where she also led worship music during services. At Vineyard, she learned more about music writing from Brian Doerksen and Brenton Brown.

paragraph: Beeching moved to Nashville around 2002 for her music career. In December 2002, she released the "Shelter EP" through EMI UK and was featured on various compilation albums. She disclosed in a 2003 interview that she had recently quit her job as a Management Consultant so that she could focus on worship music full-time.

paragraph: Beeching signed with Sparrow Records and released a 2005 EP, titled "The Journey". Her first full-length Sparrow album, "Yesterday, Today & Forever", was released on 27 December 2005. Her second full-length studio album, "Painting the Invisible", was produced by Ed Cash and Nathan Nockels and released on 3 April 2007. Beeching wrote most of the album's material, although a few tracks include songwriting from Ed Cash, Matthew West and Joy Williams. Several of the songs for the album were written on Keith Green's old piano, at the invitation of her mentor and friend, Melody Green.

paragraph: Hoping for a less conservative environment than Nashville, Beeching moved to San Diego in 2008 and began performing in churches there. Her third studio album "Eternity Invades" released in 2010, was recorded in San Diego. It features a song co-written with Steve Fee, "Glory To God Forever".

paragraph: Beeching was a worship leader at Spring Harvest Church from 2010 to 2012, leading worship in the 'Big Top' at Minehead and participating in the Spring Harvest Theme Group.

paragraph: Section::::Media presence.

paragraph: Beeching's blog, which enjoyed some popularity, covered difficult Christian issues such as the role of women in the Church. Her blog was the Winner for Best Blog in the 2011 Christian New Media Awards.

paragraph: Beeching began speaking out in favour of gay marriage beginning in December 2013. Her blog posts on support for same-sex marriage were widely read and received a mixed response - many LGBT Christians expressed their gratitude and shared their own stories of faith and sexuality, but some of her social media followers expressed disapproval, even 'quite vitriolic and quite personal' criticism. However, in response to the discussions she'd started in the church about sexuality, she received a nomination for the 2014 National Diversity Awards in the category of "Positive Role Model Race, Faith & Religion". (She did not end up on the shortlist for that year.)

paragraph: In August 2014, Beeching announced she is a lesbian. In November 2014, she was awarded third place in "The Independent on Sunday"'s 2014 Rainbow List (a feature highlighting influential LGBT persons).

paragraph: As of mid-2015, Beeching is a regular television and radio commentator on issues related to ethics, technology, women, Christianity, music and social media. In June 2018, she published "Undivided", a memoir about her faith and sexuality, with HarperCollins.

paragraph: Beeching also enjoys a large Twitter following (over 50,000 people in August 2014 and over 64,000 as of June 2017).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and education.

paragraph: Beeching grew up in Canterbury, where she attended the youth group at St. Mary Bredin Anglican church. She was enrolled in Simon Langton Girls' Grammar School from ages 11 to 18, and in her early teens she found it extremely difficult to reconcile her conservative Christian faith with her attraction to her peers at school. She moved to Oxford in 1997 to attend the University of Oxford, where she obtained a BA in 2000 and an MA in 2001, both in theology.

paragraph: In 2009 she was diagnosed with linear scleroderma morphea, for which she underwent 18 months of chemotherapy.

paragraph: Beeching moved to central London in December 2012. As of February 2013, she was pursuing a PhD in the Department of Theology and Religion at Durham University, with religion, technology, "online connectivity," and ethics as her topics of focus. In June 2014, Beeching announced that she had changed her PhD focus topic to Christianity and sexuality. Shortly after she announced her sexual orientation, an interviewer wrote that her new PhD focus is specifically Christianity and same-sex marriage, she continues to identify as an Evangelical Christian.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: In June 2017, she was awarded the Cranmer Award for Worship by the Archbishop of Canterbury "for outstanding contributions to contemporary worship music".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shelter" EP (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Journey" EP (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yesterday, Today & Forever" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Painting the Invisible" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eternity Invades" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Discography.:Compilation appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The People's Album" - (1997, Soul Survivor) - "Search Me O God" (lyrics by Beeching, sung by Beth Redman)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hungry" - (1999, Vineyard UK) - "There's No One Like Our God" (later re-recorded for "Yesterday, Today & Forever")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Surrender" - (2000, Vineyard UK) - "At All Times" (later re-recorded for "Painting the Invisible") and "All That I Need"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holy" - (2002, Vineyard UK) - "Awesome God" (later re-recorded as "Majesty and Mystery (Awesome God)" for "Yesterday, Today & Forever") and "Above All Else" (later re-recorded and featured in other albums)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anthem of the Free" - (2003, Soul Survivor) - "Yesterday Today And Forever" (later featured in other albums)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Festival Manchester" (2003, Kingsway) - "Nothing is impossible" (later re-recorded for "Yesterday, Today & Forever")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Here I Am To Worship - Vol. 1" (2004, EMICMG) - "Yesterday, Today, And Forever"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Precious" (2004) - "Extravagant Worship" (originally from "Shelter" EP but re-recorded for this album)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Here I Am To Worship Vol 2" (2005, EMICMG) - "Stronger Than The Storm" (later featured in "Yesterday, Today, & Forever")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Here I Am To Worship 3" (2005) - "Above All Else" (featured in "Yesterday, Today, & Forever")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Help Me Hold On" - UK worship (2005, Vital) - "Above All Else"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Almighty Sound" by Johnny Parks (2006, Survivor Records) - "Season of Singing"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "WOW Worship Aqua" (2006, Provident) - "Yesterday, Today And Forever"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ultimate Collection - Worship" (2006) - "Yesterday, Today And Forever"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dancing Generation" (2006, Soul Survivor) - "Yesterday, Today And Forever" (previously featured on "Anthem of the Free")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Survivor: 10 Years" (2007, Soul Survivor) - "Yesterday Today And Forever"

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Undivided: Coming Out, Becoming Whole and Living Free from Shame." HarperCollins 2018. .

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Vicky Beeching

wikipedia_title: Vicky Beeching


text:
Trịnh Lords
Later Lê
puppet government
war
Mạc Dynasty
Trịnh Khả
Lê Lợi
Lê Nhân Tông
Mạc Đăng Dung
Mạc Đăng Dung
Nguyễn Kim
Lê Trang Tông
Mạc Đăng Dung
Jiajing Emperor
Ming Dynasty
Mạc Đăng Dung
Mạc Dynasty
Lê government
Phước Hải
Nguyễn Kim
Nguyễn Hoàng
Nguyễn Hoàng
Quảng Nam
Red River
Hanoi
Trịnh Tùng
Lê Dynasty
List of Vietnamese dynasties
"Annam and its Minor Currency"
A Glimpse of Vietnams History
Genealogy of the Royal Nguyễn Family

categories: Trịnh lords,1570 deaths,1503 births,16th-century Vietnamese monarchy

paragraph: Trịnh Kiểm

paragraph: Trịnh Kiểm (1503–1570) ruled northern part of Vietnam from 1545 to 1570. Trịnh Kiểm was the founder of the Trịnh Lords or House of Trịnh who ruled Dai Viet while a succession of figurehead Later Lê Emperors took the role as puppet government. During his rule, the war with the Mạc Dynasty continued. Although he was the de facto ruler of Dai Viet during his reign, he never claimed himself title of Lord, hence he is not the first official Trịnh Lord but his son Trịnh Tùng is the first. Later Trịnh Kiểm was posthumously proclaimed Trịnh Lord by his descendants.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Trịnh Kiểm claimed descent from Trịnh Khả, who was one of the top aides of Lê Lợi and later became the top official during the reign of child-king Lê Nhân Tông. His relationship to the General Trịnh who defeated a rebel army in 1511 and then led a rebellion of his own in 1517 is unknown. Also unknown is his relationship to Trịnh Duy Dai and Trịnh Duy Sản (two of the leaders of the first revolt against Mạc Đăng Dung).

paragraph: Section::::Nguyễn/Trinh alliance.

paragraph: A second revolt against Mạc Đăng Dung took place not long after Dung usurped the throne and proclaimed himself Emperor of Vietnam in 1527. This second revolt was led by Nguyễn Kim whose second-in-command was his son-in-law, Trịnh Khiêm (who married Kim's daughter Ngoc Bao). The second revolt allowed the Nguyễn-Trịnh army to capture the Western Capital ("Tay Do") and enthrone Emperor Lê Trang Tông, in 1533.

paragraph: The Nguyễn-Trịnh alliance sent a formal embassy to China that denounced the usurpation of Mạc Đăng Dung and asked for help. In 1536, the Chinese delegation concluded that Dung had usurped the throne of the Lê Emperors. After hearing the report, the Jiajing Emperor dispatched an army that arrived on the border of Vietnam in 1537. However, with protestations of loyalty to the Ming Dynasty and the offer of a piece of north Vietnam to the Chinese, Mạc Đăng Dung convinced the Chinese to leave. The official position of the Chinese government was that the Mạc Dynasty should rule in the north and the Lê government should rule in the south. The Nguyễn-Trịnh alliance refused to accept this settlement, continuing the war.

paragraph: Section::::Army commander.

paragraph: In 1541, Mạc died and his grandson, Phước Hải, took over. In 1545, Nguyễn Kim was assassinated by a Mạc supporter. Nguyễn had two young sons (Nguyễn Hoàng and Nguyễn Uông) but Trịnh Khiêm took control of the Royal army.

paragraph: The Nguyễn-Trịnh alliance, now under the command of Trịnh Khiêm, continued to fight the Mạc. A new king was enthroned as Lê Trung Tông in 1548, then another Lê king, Lê Anh Tông, was enthroned in 1556. In 1558 the eldest son of Kim, Nguyễn Hoàng, was sent to the south to take control over the recently conquered province of Quảng Nam. By 1665, the Royal (Trịnh) army had captured all provinces south of the Red River and were threatening Hanoi.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: In 1569, in failing health, Trịnh Khiêm passed power to his eldest son, Trịnh Coi. In 1570, Trịnh Khiêm died. In the same year, Trịnh Coi was defeated by a Mạc army and was replaced by his younger, more capable brother, Trịnh Tùng.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lê Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Vietnamese dynasties

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annam and its Minor Currency" Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Glimpse of Vietnams History (downloaded May 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of the Royal Nguyễn Family (downloaded May 2006)

description: Vietnamese Trinh Lord

wikidata_label: Trinh Kiem

wikipedia_title: Trịnh Kiểm


text:
Trịnh lords
Trịnh–Nguyễn War
Nguyễn lords
Trịnh Tùng
Nguyễn lords
Thừa Thiên–Huế Province
Da Nang
Quảng Nam Province
Quảng Ngãi Province
Champa
Nguyễn Hoàng
Hanoi
Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
Dutch
Quảng Bình Province
Hà Tĩnh Province
Nghệ An Province
Mac
Cao Bằng Province
Lê Dynasty
List of Vietnamese dynasties
Annam and it Minor Currency
A Glimpse of Vietnam's History

paragraph: Trịnh Tráng

paragraph: Trịnh Tráng (1577–1657) ruled Vietnam from 1623 to 1654. Trịnh Tráng, one of the famous Trịnh lords who ruled Vietnam. He started the Trịnh–Nguyễn War in 1627 and launched several major offensives which failed to crush the Nguyễn lords.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Trịnh Tráng was the eldest son of Trịnh Tùng. He took power after a brief succession struggle at the time of Trịnh Tùng's death. The main problem he faced during his rule was the power and independence of the Nguyễn lords who ruled the southern-most provinces of Vietnam. In modern terms the Nguyễn ruled over Thừa Thiên–Huế Province, Da Nang, Quảng Nam Province, and Quảng Ngãi Province. This was the frontier of Vietnam and, as these provinces were newly conquered from the Champa, there was new land to farm and plenty of work for ambitious men.

paragraph: In 1600, the first Nguyễn Lord, Nguyễn Hoàng, refused to acknowledge the authority of the Trịnh-dominated court in Hanoi. With the death of Trịnh Tùng, the current Nguyễn Lord, Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên refused to send any taxes or soldiers to the court. After years of rising tension, Trịnh Tráng went to war against the Nguyễn.

paragraph: Section::::War.

paragraph: Trịnh Tráng launched many major offensives against the Nguyễn, but all of them failed. The first attack lasted four months in the summer of 1627. The next was a sea assault, it was defeated in 1633. Two more assaults were made against the Nguyễn's mighty defensive wall in 1642 and 1643. This time, with the aid of advanced Dutch cannons, one wall was breached but the other wall held firm. 1643 also marked the resignation of the king, Lê Than Tông, in favor of his son, Lê Chan Tông. In 1648 a major offensive came to grief as the Royal (Trịnh) army was defeated at the battle of Truong Duc. The young king died at this time (Some people believe it was as a result of the battle) and so his father, Lê Than Tông, took the throne for a second time.

paragraph: Now the Nguyễn tried going on the offensive. In 1653, the Nguyễn army attacked north and defeated the weakened Royal army. Quảng Bình Province was captured. Then Hà Tĩnh Province fell to the Nguyễn army. In the following year, Trịnh Tráng died as Nguyen forces made attacks into Nghệ An Province.

paragraph: Although he controlled a large, well organized state, with a powerful military and advanced European cannons, Trịnh Tráng was completely unsuccessful in his attempts to conquer the smaller and weaker Nguyen territory. At the end of his life it was the Nguyễn who were on the offensive. Trịnh Tráng's only success came against the Mac. During his rule, the Royal army captured all but Cao Bằng Province from the weakened Mac rulers.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lê Dynasty

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annam and it Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Glimpse of Vietnam's History (downloaded May 2006)

description: Vietnamese Trịnh lord

wikidata_label: Trinh Trang

wikipedia_title: Trịnh Tráng


text: KG

text: Yorkists

text: Lancastrians

text: Wars of the Roses

text: fence sitting

text: Wars of the Roses

text: Tower of London

text: Dunstanburgh Castle

text: knight of the shire

text: Bedfordshire

text: Houghton Conquest

text: Henry V of England

text: Gisors

text: Normandy

text: Bedfordshire

text: Speaker of the House

text: Margaret of Anjou

text: chamberlain

text: Queens' College, Cambridge

text: Luton

text: Someries Castle

text: Hertfordshire

text: John Fortescue

text: Duke of York

text: Earl of Warwick

text: First Battle of St Albans

text: Speaker of the House of Commons

text: Battle of Blore Heath

text: Battle of Mortimer's Cross

text: Second Battle of St Albans

text: Battle of Towton

text: Tower of London

text: knight of the Garter

text: Chief Butler of England

text: Lord Hastings

text: Dunstanburgh Castle

text: Edward IV

text: Calais

text: Battle of Tewkesbury

text: Duke of Somerset

text: Duke of Norfolk

text: his title

text: Someries castle

text: Wenlock Jug

categories: 15th-century births,High Sheriffs of Bedfordshire,Barons in the Peerage of England,People of the Wars of the Roses,Speakers of the House of Commons of England,1471 deaths,Knights of the Garter,High Sheriffs of Buckinghamshire

paragraph: John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock

paragraph: John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock KG (c.1400/04 - 1471) was an English diplomat, soldier, courtier and politician. He fought on the sides of both the Yorkists and the Lancastrians in the Wars of the Roses. He has been called "the prince of turncoats", although some historians suggest the label may not be fair. Others contend that even when Wenlock was not actually changing sides, he was engaged in "fence sitting "par excellence"."

paragraph: Although Wenlock is often remembered for his military exploits (he fought in six of the major battles of the Wars of the Roses, as well as the sieges of the Tower of London and Dunstanburgh Castle), most of his public service was in the diplomatic field, and contemporary accounts record him as being regarded as "very clever".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was the son of William Wynell de Wenlock, commonly called William Wenlock, knight of the shire for Bedfordshire in 1404, by his wife Margaret Breton, an heiress of Houghton Conquest in Bedfordshire.

paragraph: John Wenlock took part in the invasion of France under Henry V of England, and on 16 August 1421 he received a grant of lands in the bailiwick of Gisors in Normandy, and shortly after, in April 1422, is styled constable of Vernon. In 1433 he was returned to parliament for Bedfordshire, and again in 1436, 1447, 1449, and 1455. He was elected Speaker of the House in the 1455 Parliament. He was escheator for Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire in 1438–9, and he early entered the service of Margaret of Anjou, being first usher of the chamber, and about 1450 chamberlain to her. In this capacity he laid the first stone of Queens' College, Cambridge, on 15 April 1448.

paragraph: He served also in 1444 as High Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire. Wenlock's seat was at Luton, his property there, Someries Castle, coming through inheritance. In 1462 he acquired Hertfordshire property forfeited by the former Chief Justice, Sir John Fortescue.

paragraph: His service to the Crown is also reflected in his employment as a member of some 18 embassies in the 1440s and 1450s. He was knighted in 1449. It appears to have been at one such embassy that he came into contact with the Duke of York and the Earl of Warwick (the "kingmaker"), and he became a supporter of the latter.

paragraph: Section::::In the Wars of the Roses.

paragraph: During the Wars of the Roses, Wenlock initially fought for the House of Lancaster in the First Battle of St Albans on 22 May 1455, but his relationship with Warwick led him to subsequently change sides, and it was as a Yorkist that he served as Speaker of the House of Commons later that year in the parliament of 1455. By the Battle of Blore Heath in 1459 Wenlock fought for the House of York. He also fought under the Yorkist banner in the Battle of Mortimer's Cross, the Second Battle of St Albans and the Battle of Towton, all in what is referred to as the first phase of the War of the Roses.

paragraph: Having successfully besieged the Tower of London for Edward of York, he was part of the latter's triumphal entry into London in 1461 and was elected a knight of the Garter a few days after. Later in the year he received appointment as Chief Butler of England and was made Baron Wenlock. In 1464 he helped Lord Hastings capture Dunstanburgh Castle.

paragraph: He continued to undertake diplomatic missions for Edward IV, and had command of Calais for him (possibly as deputy of Warwick). When Warwick defected to the Lancastrian camp, Wenlock did not immediately follow him back, however his sympathies clearly remained with his friend, and by 1471 he too had switched sides, accompanying Margaret of Anjou back to England.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: At the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, he commanded the middle of the Lancastrian line. However, the Lancastrians suffered a crushing defeat, and Wenlock died on the battlefield. He was allegedly killed by his own commander, the Duke of Somerset, who blamed Wenlock's indecisiveness for the defeat. The Duke of Somerset had led the right flank of the Lancastrian line forward, and expected Wenlock to support him, but Wenlock held back (some suggest deliberately) and the Duke's men were slaughtered. After the Duke's flank retreated he either summoned Wenlock or rode to him, and supposedly killed him with a single blow to the head. Some sources suggest that Wenlock was committed to the cause, but that Somerset had bungled the planned manoeuvre, coming out of the woods too early, and emerging in front of the enemy instead of behind, thereby preventing Wenlock's men from firing upon them.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Survival theory.

paragraph: It has been argued that Lord John Wenlock did not actually die on the field at Tewkesbury, but is the John Wenlock who made a will 6 years later. That Wenlock asked for a pauper's service but left a cup of gold and a chest stuffed with jewels. Lord Wenlock, on his way north to Tewkesbury, left a cup of gold and a chest stuffed with jewels under the care of the abbot of Glastonbury. The two main executors of the John Wenlock who made the will had both been on the last diplomatic missions undertaken by Lord Wenlock. After the Lancastrians had landed in the west, Edward IV received the names of all the nobles gathered there, including Lord Wenlock. When the Duke of Norfolk, as Earl Marshal, issued a list naming them as traitors, it included every name EXCEPT that of Lord Wenlock. It so happens that during the Duke of Norfolk's nonage he was placed under the care of Lord Wenlock, and later, he granted Lord Wenlock a share of his castles.

paragraph: Furthermore, the existing biography of Lord Wenlock written by Prof Roskell during the last century (and his History of Parliament) certainly contains mistakes. If Lord Wenlock was the Sir John Wenlock associated with Gisors and Vernon he would have been between 80 and 97 during the battle of Tewkesbury. Also, 20 years later, when the future Lord Wenlock was beginning his diplomatic career he is always addressed as Squire John Wenlock, or John Wenlock, esq.. There were 2 John Wenlocks, almost certainly father and son. See "The Mystery of Lord Wenlock and His Glastonbury Treasure" by Adrian F. Fray (Austen Macauley Press).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Wenlock married twice in his life. His first wife, Elizabeth Drayton (who was the widow of Christopher Preston) died in the early 1460s after being married to him for over 30 years. In 1467 Wenlock then remarried Agnes Danvers (herself a widow, her maiden name was Agnes Say). At the time of this second marriage both spouses would have been in their 60s.

paragraph: Wenlock died without issue, and his title died with him.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Someries castle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wenlock Jug

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: English politician and Baron

wikidata_label: John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock

wikipedia_title: John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock


text:
Venezuela
ornithologist
Monagas
Venezuela
William Henry Phelps
1 Broadcasting Caracas
Lawrenceville School
B.Sc.
Princeton University
University of Exeter
zoology
Radio Caracas Televisión
Caracas
Frank M. Chapman
Tepui
Bubulcus ibis
Platycichla
Bonaire
Los Roques
Las Aves
La Orchila
Tepui
Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee
Troglodytidae
Fringillidae
Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee

categories: Venezuelan people of English descent,Venezuelan people of American descent,Venezuelan ornithologists,Venezuelan businesspeople,Princeton University alumni,Empresas 1BC people,American people of Venezuelan descent,People from Monagas,1902 births,1988 deaths

paragraph: William H. Phelps Jr.

paragraph: William Henry Phelps Jr. (December 25, 1902 – August 13, 1988) was a Venezuelan ornithologist and businessman.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born in San Antonio de Maturín, a town located in Monagas, Venezuela. Along with his father, William Henry Phelps, he founded the first commercial radio station in Venezuela, 1 Broadcasting Caracas.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After finishing his studies in Lawrenceville School and getting a B.Sc. in 1926 from Princeton University, he published over 78 books on the birds of Venezuela with his wife Katherine Deery Phelps, in which they described their discovery of more than 200 new species. Together they organized about 100 expeditions that helped collect over 1,000 species of birds. A direct result of his research was the creation of the Venezuelan Museum of Ornithology with one of the most important libraries and collections in South America. In recognition of his research the University of Exeter created a fellowship in his honor to fund Venezuelan graduate students interested in zoology. In 1953 he founded one of the most important Venezuelan television stations, Radio Caracas Televisión, and served as its president for 34 years. He died in the city of Caracas.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Las aves de Perijá" Caracas: Casa de Especialidades, 1944

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Resumen de las colecciones ornitológicas en Venezuela" Caracas: Casa de Especialidades, 1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contribución del Dr. Frank M. Chapman à la ornitología venezolana" Caracas: Casa de Especialidades, 1946

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Descripción de cuatro aves nuevas de los cerros Paraque y Ptri-Tepui y notas sobre Bubulcus ibis, Myioborus cardonal y Platycichla leuocops" Caracas: Casa de Especialidades, 1946

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Descripción de seis aves nuevas de Venezuela y notas sobre veinticuatro adiciones à la avifauna del Brasil" Caracas: Tipografía La Nación, 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Notas sobre aves venezolanas" Caracas: Tipografía El Compás, 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Las aves de Bonaire" Caracas: Tipografía La Nación, 1951

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Las aves de las islas Los Roques y Las Aves y descripción de un nuevo canario de mangle" Caracas: Tipografía La Nación, 1951

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El posible hundimiento parcial de isla de Aves" Caracas: Litografía del Comercio, 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Las aves de la isla de Patos, con algunos documentos sobre la historia y la geología de la isla" Caracas: Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, 1958

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La aves de la isla La Orchila" Caracas: Editorial Sucre, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cuarenta y nueve aves nuevas para la avifauna del cerro Uei-Tepui (Cerro del Sol)" Caracas: Editorial Sucre, 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lista de las aves de Venezuela con su distribución" 2nd ed. Caracas: Editorial Sucre, 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- (with Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee) "A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela" Princeton University Press : 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (with Ramón Aveledo Ostos) "Dos nuevas subespecies de aves (Troglodytidae, Fringillidae) del cerro Marahuaca, territorio Amazonas" Caracas Editorial Sucre, 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- (with Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee) "Una guía de las aves de Venezuela" 2nd ed. Caracas: Ex Libris, 1993.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kathleen de Phelps. "Memorias de misia Kathy : primera Expedición Phelps al "Cerro Jimé," actual Cerro de la Neblina, enero-febrero, 1954". (Caracas : Tecniproven 1986) .

description: Venezuelan ornithologist

wikidata_label: William H. Phelps Jr.

wikipedia_title: William H. Phelps Jr.


href: physician confessor martyr Arianism Vandals Huneric Arian%20controversy Africa flaying feast%20day Roman%20Catholicism Eastern%20Orthodoxy

text:
physician
confessor
martyr
Arian
Vandal
Huneric
Arian persecution
Africa
flayed alive
feast day
Roman Catholicism
Eastern Orthodoxy

categories: 484 deaths,Saints from the Vandal Kingdom,5th-century Christian martyrs,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Saint Aemilianus

paragraph: Saint Aemilianus (or Aemilius) lived in the 5th century AD, and is known as a physician, confessor, and martyr. In the reign of the Arian Vandal King Huneric, he became emmired in the Arian persecution in Africa. When he resisted conversion to Arianism, he was put to death by being flayed alive.

paragraph: Aemilianus' feast day is celebrated on December 6 in Roman Catholicism, and on December 7 in Eastern Orthodoxy.

description: Christian martyr

wikidata_label: Saint Aemilianus

wikipedia_title: Saint Aemilianus


text:
jazz
guitar
Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler"
Berlin
Conny Bauer
David Friesen
Volker Schlott
John Stowell
Cecil McBee
Pheeroan Aklaff
Netherlands
Theo Scharpach
David Friesen
Dieter Köhnlein
Conny Bauer
Johannes Bauer
Cecil McBee
Pheeroan Aklaff
Volker Schlott
Michael Heupel
John Stowell
Joachim Kühn
Rolf Kühn
Klaus Koch
Jamaaladeen Tacuma
Homepage
Enotes Contemporary Musicians

categories: Male guitarists,German jazz guitarists,Living people,1952 births

paragraph: Uwe Kropinski

paragraph: Uwe Kropinski (born February 20, 1952 is a German jazz guitarist.

paragraph: Born in Berlin, Kropinski studied jazz and classic guitar at Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler", Berlin from 1973 to 1976, during which time he became influenced by Conny Bauer.

paragraph: Kropinski first travelled to the USA to play with David Friesen in 1988. Since then, he has also played with people like Volker Schlott, John Stowell, Cecil McBee and Pheeroan Aklaff.

paragraph: Since 1989 Kropinski has played special guitars with 39 frets made by the guitar maker from the Netherlands Theo Scharpach.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "So oder so" (ITM, 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dancing with the Bass" with David Friesen (ITM, 1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "By the Way" with Dieter Köhnlein (Aho, 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Departure" with David Friesen (Global Pacific, 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guitar Guitar" (ITM, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Berlin Concert" (ITM, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reflections" Doppelmoppel with Conny Bauer, Johannes Bauer and Helmut "Joe" Sachse (FMP, 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "First Time in Manhattan" with Cecil McBee and Pheeroan Aklaff (ITM, 1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dinner for Two" with Volker Schlott (Acoustic Music, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "African Notebook" with Michael Heupel (Aho, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In und um C" with Dieter Köhnlein (ITM, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Picture in Black and White" with John Stowell (Acoustic Music, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Generations from (East) Germany" with Conny Bauer, Joachim Kühn, Rolf Kühn, Volker Schlott, Klaus Koch (Klangräume, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Faces" (ITM, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "First Time in Man" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aventure Québéquoise" Doppelmoppel with Conny Bauer, Johannes Bauer and Helmut "Joe" Sachse (Victo, 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Made in Berlin" with David Friesen (ITM, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stringed Together" with Dieter Köhnlein (ITM, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Made in Istanbul (live)" with David Friesen (ITM, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sentimental Moods" with Michael Heupel (ITM, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "American Dream" (Acoustic Music, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zwei" with Jamaaladeen Tacuma (Jazzwerkstatt, 2009)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Homepage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enotes Contemporary Musicians

description: jazz musician

wikidata_label: Uwe Kropinski

wikipedia_title: Uwe Kropinski


text: British

text: Conservative

text: George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd

text: House of Lords

text: Winston Churchill

text: Lord-in-waiting

text: House of Lords

text: Sir Anthony Eden

text: David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie

categories: Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,1985 deaths,1912 births

paragraph: Alexander Lloyd, 2nd Baron Lloyd

paragraph: Alexander David Frederick Lloyd, 2nd Baron Lloyd (30 September 1912 – 5 November 1985), was a British Conservative politician.

paragraph: Lloyd was the only son of George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd, and his wife, Blanche Isabella (née Lascelles). He succeeded his father in the barony in 1941 and took his seat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords. He served under Winston Churchill (a close political associate of his father) as a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) from 1951 to 1952 and as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1952 to 1954, and under Churchill and later Sir Anthony Eden as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1954 to 1957.

paragraph: Lord Lloyd married Lady Victoria Jean Marjorie Mabell Ogilvy, daughter of David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie, in 1942. They had one son and two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Davinia Margaret Lloyd (b. 13 March 1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Charles George David Lloyd (4 April 1949 – 1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Laura Blanche Bridget Lloyd (b. 7 March 1960)

paragraph: Lord Lloyd died in November 1985, aged 73. As his only son had predeceased him, the barony became extinct upon his death.

description: British baron

wikidata_label: Alexander Lloyd, 2nd Baron Lloyd

wikipedia_title: Alexander Lloyd, 2nd Baron Lloyd