text: Irish republican

text: hunger strike

text: Irish National Liberation Army

text: Derry

text: Northern Ireland

text: Fianna Éireann

text: interned

text: Long Kesh

text: Bloody Sunday

text: Brandywell

text: Long Kesh

text: Irish Republican Socialist Party

text: INLA

text: O'Connell Street

text: Dublin

text: Republic of Ireland

text: Offences Against the State Act

text: hand grenade

text: Officer Commanding

text: 1981 strike

text: 2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election

text: Foyle

text: dissident republican

text: Sinn Féin

text: Police Service of Northern Ireland

text: Derry Journal

categories: Irish Republican Socialist Party politicians,Irish republicans,Irish republicans interned without trial,1957 births,Irish people who died in prison custody,1981 deaths,Irish National Liberation Army members,People from Derry (city)

paragraph: Patsy O'Hara

paragraph: Patsy O'Hara (11 July 1957 – 21 May 1981) was an Irish republican hunger striker and member of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: O'Hara was born in Bishop Street, Derry,

paragraph: Northern Ireland. He joined Na Fianna Éireann in 1970, and in 1971 his brother Sean was interned in Long Kesh. In late 1971, at the age of 14, he was shot and wounded by a soldier while manning a barricade. Due to his injuries, he was unable to attend the civil rights march on Bloody Sunday but watched it go by him in the Brandywell, and the events of the day had a lasting effect on him.

paragraph: In October 1974, O'Hara was interned in Long Kesh, and on his release in April 1975 he joined the Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP) and INLA. He was arrested in Derry in June 1975 and held on remand for six months. In September 1976, he was arrested again and once more held on remand for four months.

paragraph: On 10 May 1978, he was arrested on O'Connell Street, Dublin, Republic of Ireland under section 30 of the Offences Against the State Act, and was released 18 hours later. He returned to Derry in January 1979 and was active in the INLA. On 14 May 1979, he was arrested and was convicted of possessing a hand grenade. He was sentenced to eight years in prison in January 1980.

paragraph: He became Officer Commanding of the INLA prisoners at the beginning of the first hunger strike in 1980, and he joined the 1981 strike on 22 March.

paragraph: On Thursday, 21 May, at 11:29 pm, he died after 61 days on hunger strike, at the age of 23. In accordance with his wishes, his parents did not get him the medical intervention needed to save his life. His corpse was found to be mysteriously disfigured prior to its departure from prison and before the funeral, including signs of his face being beaten, a broken nose, and cigarette burns on his body.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Family.

paragraph: His mother Peggy O'Hara, was a candidate in the 2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election in the Foyle constituency. She was not elected, but she was one of the more successful dissident republican candidates opposed to the new policy of the Sinn Féin leadership of working with the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), and won 1,789 votes. On the eve of the election, over 330 former republican prisoners wrote a letter to the "Derry Journal" endorsing her campaign.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography from the Irish Republican Socialist Movement

description: Irish republican

wikidata_label: Patsy O'Hara

wikipedia_title: Patsy O'Hara


text: KG

text: jure uxoris

text: Baron Fauconberg

text: Hundred Years War

text: Wars of the Roses

text: Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland

text: Joan Beaufort

text: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

text: Katherine Swynford

text: Edward III of England

text: Philippa of Hainault

text: Beaufort family

text: suo jure

text: Richard Neville

text: Earl of Warwick

text: North Yorkshire

text: Henry VI

text: Richard, Duke of York

text: Harfleur

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Meaux

text: Normandy

text: Montargis

text: Gerberoy

text: regent

text: Dieppe

text: Roxburgh

text: French ecu

text: Newcastle

text: House of Lancaster

text: First Battle of St Albans

text: Windsor Castle

text: Earl of Salisbury

text: Earl of Warwick

text: Captain of Calais

text: Earl of Kent

text: Lord Admiral

text: West Country

text: Towton

text: Northumberland

text: Newcastle

text: Alnwick

text: Brest

text: Ile de Re

text: Gisborough Priory

text: Thomas Neville

text: Wars of the Roses

text: Lord Fauconberg's coat of arms

text: Neville Family Tree

categories: People of the Wars of the Roses,1463 deaths,Younger sons of earls,Lord High Admirals of England,Knights of the Garter,Year of birth uncertain,Earls of Kent,Burials at Gisborough Priory,15th-century English people,1410 births,15th-century English Navy personnel,Neville family,People of the Hundred Years' War

paragraph: William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent

paragraph: William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent KG (c. 14059 January 1463) and "jure uxoris" 6th Baron Fauconberg, was an English nobleman and soldier.

paragraph: He fought during the latter part of the Hundred Years War, and during the English dynastic Wars of the Roses.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born circa 1405, he was the third son of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and his second wife, Joan Beaufort.

paragraph: His mother was the legitimised daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Katherine Swynford. John of Gaunt was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. William was therefore a great-grandson of Edward III. However, the terms of the legitimisation of the Beaufort family specifically excluded them and their descendants from succession to the throne.

paragraph: William was one of a number of the Neville sons to make a good match, marrying the Fauconberg heiress, Joan de Fauconberg, 6th Baroness Fauconberg "suo jure", daughter of Thomas de Fauconberg, 5th Baron Fauconberg by his second wife, Joan Brounflete (died 1409), and taking the title Lord Fauconberg; just as his nephew, Richard Neville, married the Warwick heiress and became Earl of Warwick. William's marriage took place at some point before 1422. His wife was four years older than he was and was described as an idiot from birth. The Fauconberg estates were in North Yorkshire, a centre of power for other members of the Neville family.

paragraph: Section::::Loyalty to the Crown.

paragraph: He seemingly had a conventional military career during the earlier part of Henry VI's reign. Knighted in May 1426, he was serving on the Scottish Borders in 1435. In 1436, he was serving with Richard, Duke of York, in France — his first contact with a man who was later to receive his allegiance. By 1439, he was a field commander in France, with Lords Talbot and Scales. At the siege of Harfleur in 1440, he was made a Knight of the Garter for his part in the campaigns of 1438-39, in particular the capture and garrisoning of Meaux.

paragraph: The town where Henry V had died was a crucial marches town for English Normandy. They had re-supplied the town, also retaking Montargis and Gerberoy. Fauconberg fought with the relief at Meaux when Richemont seized the stronghold by storm on 12 August 1439. The English lords forced a confrontation, but the French fled, leaving twenty barges laden with supplies.

paragraph: As one of the three field commanders, Neville had been put on the royal council since 30 April, on Warwick's death, before a new regent could emerge. In October, Fauconberg helped recapture Harfleur, expelling the French garrison; only Dieppe remained intransigent. The field commander's pre-eminence was supplanted in March 1442 by the appointment of William, Lord Bourgchier, as governor-general of Normandy.

paragraph: On 7 March 1443, while back in England, he took custody of Roxburgh Castle. He was granted £1,000 per annum (around £1,000,000 at 2005 prices) during peacetime, twice this if at war with Scotland, and until 1448, satisfactory payment was made. However, in 1449, he returned to France as part of a diplomatic mission, and in May 1449 he spent the night that the French chose to capture Pont de l'Arche in Normandy. One hundred and twenty men were taken in all.

paragraph: Neville was reluctant to surrender to a lowly archer, who almost killed him. While in captivity in France, he spent two years of his own income supporting the upkeep of the castle. In spite of a grant from Parliament in 1449, by 1451 he was owed £4,109. He was forced to settle for less. The loss of such an experienced captain was a blow to English administration. The English had already lost the Bretons for taking their salt fleet, and then in July 1449, Somerset refused Fauconberg's return in a deal for Fougeres.

paragraph: In 1453, he was ransomed (for 8,000 French ecus) and freed from captivity. He still had the custody of Roxburgh Castle, but was impoverished by maintaining this and by his captivity in France. By now, he was owed £1,000 by the government. He settled this by accepting a grant of 1,000 marks from the customs at Newcastle. Not only was this only worth about two-thirds of the original amount, there was no guarantee that he would ever get the money. As Griffths says,

paragraph: "What is so remarkable about his tale is that the Lancastrian crown could command [his] loyalty".

paragraph: Section::::Alliance with York.

paragraph: Until this point, he can be seen as a loyal supporter of the House of Lancaster. However, at some time during the next two years, his allegiance began to shift. He was a member of the council of Richard, Duke of York, during Henry VI's second period of madness. Although he was with the Lancastrian nobility at the First Battle of St Albans (1455), he was appointed by York to be joint Constable of Windsor Castle after the battle. His alignment with York, who was his brother-in-law, was natural, as his brother, the Earl of Salisbury and his nephew the Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker") were Richard's principal allies.

paragraph: In 1457, he joined Warwick (appointed Captain of Calais) as his deputy. Warwick used Calais as a base for what was essentially piracy, and Fauconberg seems to have been happy to assist. He was in England in 1458, and in May he was briefly imprisoned in London — but he was bailed by Warwick and returned to Calais.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and appointments.

paragraph: The rewards of victory followed. He was made a member of the King's Council and appointed Lieutenant of the North. On 1 November, he was created Earl of Kent and appointed Steward of the Royal Household. In July 1462, he was appointed Lord Admiral, and in August that year he was granted 46 manors in the West Country.

paragraph: Edward IV relied on him for both land and naval warfare. Following the victory at Towton, he took part in the gradual establishment of royal control in Northumberland, heading a garrison of 120 men at Newcastle in the summer of 1461, and taking part in the siege of Alnwick in November 1462. Between these dates, he was back in Calais, raiding the Breton coast in August 1462, then burning Le Conquet near Brest, and raiding the Ile de Re.

paragraph: He died on 9 January 1463, and was buried at Gisborough Priory in the heart of his Fauconberg lands. As he had no surviving legitimate sons, the earldom became extinct. He was survived by his wife, who died in 1490 at the age of 84 (thus living through the reigns of all the English kings of the fifteenth century). He had three daughters and one son from his marriage, and one acknowledged illegitimate son, Thomas Neville. Known as the Bastard of Fauconberg, he was to align himself with Warwick and lead a revolt later in Edward IV's reign.

paragraph: William Neville is an underrated figure in the rise to power of the Yorkist regime. More successful as a military leader than the more famous Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, his reputation is summed up in Goodman's words: "No other veteran of the Anglo-French Wars won such distinction in the Wars of the Roses".

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barker, J "Conquest: The English Kingdom of France 1417-1450"Little, Brown, 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hicks, J "Warwick the Kingmaker"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ross, Charles "Edward IV"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goodman, J "Wars of the Roses"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kendall, M.J "Warwick the Kingmaker"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Griffiths, R.J "Henry VI"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gillingham, J "Wars of the Roses"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolffe, B "Henry VI"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Storey, R.L "End of the House of Lancaster"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johnson "Richard Duke of York"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Fauconberg's coat of arms

paragraph: BULLET::::- Neville Family Tree There are several Neville genealogy sites - this is one of the easiest to navigate

description: English nobleman and soldier

wikidata_label: William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent

wikipedia_title: William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent


href: Marwar Rajasthan Gaj%20Singh%20of%20Marwar Assam Shah%20Jahan Jodhpur Siwana Merta Sojat Phalodi Pokaran jagir Mehrangarh Aurangzeb Ujjain Murad%20Bakhsh Hara%20%28given%20name%29 Kotah Bundi Jhala Ajmer Ratlam Jamrud Peshawar Ajit%20Singh%20Rathor Rulers%20of%20Marwar List%20of%20Rajputs

text:
Marwar
Rajasthan
Gaj Singh
Assam
Shah Jahan
Jodhpur
Siwana
Merta
Sojat
Phalodi
Pokaran
jagir
Mehrangarh
Aurangzeb
Ujjain
Murad Bakhsh
Hara
Kotah
Bundi
Jhala
Ajmer
Ratlam
Jamrud
Peshawar
Ajit Singh Rathor
Rulers of Marwar
List of Rajputs

categories: 1629 births,1678 deaths,Rulers of Marwar

paragraph: Jaswant Singh of Marwar

paragraph: Maharaja Jaswant Singh (26 December 1629 – 28 December 1678) was a ruler of Marwar in the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan. His father was Maharaja Gaj Singh. He was a distinguished man of letters and author of "Siddhant-bodh", "Anand Vilas" and "Bhasa-bhusan"

paragraph: He was the Subehdar of Assam from 1656-1666.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Jaswant Singh succeeded his father on his death by special decree of the Emperor Shah Jahan, in accordance with his father's wishes, on 6 May 1638. He was invested by Imperial authority and inherited the parganas of Jodhpur, Siwana, Merta, Sojat, Phalodi and Pokaran (Satalmer) in jagir.

paragraph: He was installed on the gaddi at Sringar Chowki, Mehrangarh, Jodhpur, on 25 May 1638. He was granted the personal title of Maharaja by the Emperor Shah Jahan, on 6 January 1654.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Dharmatpur.

paragraph: In the Battle of Dharmatpur, Jaswant Singh opposed Aurangzeb. The battle was fought on 15 April 1658, fifteen miles from Ujjain. Jaswant could have attacked Aurangzeb but he allowed Murad Bakhsh's armies to join Aurangzeb. He was desirous of beating both Mughal princes at once. This delay allowed Aurangzeb to win over the Mughal General, Kasim Khan, who was sent by Shah Jahan to help Jaswant. Kasim Khan defected as soon as the war started but 30,000 Rathores of Jaswant decided that they would not leave the field. Some prominent generals in Maharaja's army were Mukund Singh Hara of Kotah and Bundi, Dayal Das Jhala, Arjun Gaur of Rajgarh in Ajmer province. Jaswant Singh was also able to win the support of the famous warrior, Ratan Singh Rathore of Ratlam who joined the Maharaja with 6,000 of his cavaliers. Jaswant attacked both Aurangzeb and Murad.

paragraph: Aurangzeb and Murad defeat the imperial army led by Jaswant Singh at Dharmatpur.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Dharmatpur.:Treatment of Prithviraj Singh by Aurangzeb.

paragraph: Jaswant died at Jamrud, near Peshawar, on 28 December 1678. At the time of his death two of his wives were pregnant, and both would later bear sons. This led to a war in which there were attempts to install Jaswant Singh's elder surviving son Ajit Singh Rathor as ruler of Marwar.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rulers of Marwar

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Rajputs

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rathaurha, Vira Durgadasa (2005). "Ved Prakash" Publisher: Rajbhasha Pustak Pratishthan, Shivaji Marg, Delhi 110053. First published 2005.

description: Ruler of Marwar

wikidata_label: Jaswant Singh of Marwar

wikipedia_title: Jaswant Singh of Marwar


text: French

text: Russian

text: impasto

text: abstract

text: landscape painting

text: Saint Petersburg

text: Lieutenant General

text: Baron

text: Staël von Holstein

text: Commandant

text: Peter and Paul Fortress

text: Russian Revolution

text: Brussels

text: Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts

text: Morocco

text: Jeannine Guillou

text: Algeria

text: French Foreign Legion

text: Jeanne Bucher

text: Nice

text: Jean Arp

text: Sonia Delaunay

text: Robert Delaunay

text: Salon de Mai

text: Salon d'Automne

text: Georges Braque

text: André Lanskoy

text: Georges Braque

text: Johnny Friedlaender

text: Upper East Side

text: Duncan Phillips

text: Phillips Collection

text: Leo Castelli

text: Sidney Janis

text: Montevideo

text: Phillips Collection

text: Washington DC

text: MoMA

text: Barnes Foundation

text: Merion, Pennsylvania

text: Paul Rosenberg

text: Paul Rosenberg

text: Cubist

text: Antibes

text: Antibes

text: depression

text: suicide

text: Antibes

text: Montrouge Cemetery

text: Gustave Courbet

text: Paul Cézanne

text: Henri Matisse

text: Pablo Picasso

text: Georges Braque

text: Fernand Léger

text: Chaim Soutine

text: Rembrandt

text: Vermeer

text: Hercules Seghers

text: representation

text: landscape

text: still life

text: portrait

text: abstraction

text: Abstract Expressionist

text: Tachisme

text: Bay Area Figurative Movement

text: palette knife

text: Color field painting

text: Lyrical Abstraction

text: Pop Art

text: Jean-Luc Godard

text: Pierrot Le Fou

text: School of Paris

text: Tachisme

text: Lyrical Abstraction

text: Douglas Cooper

text: Pompidou Center show, in French

text: artcyclopedia entry

text: Nicolas de Staël, in French museums

text: Nicolas de Stael: In Memoriam

categories: People from Saint Petersburg,Art Informel and Tachisme painters,1955 deaths,French male painters,Modern painters,1914 births,Modern artists,20th-century French painters,French people of Russian descent,Landscape artists,Painters who committed suicide,School of Paris,Abstract painters,Russian male painters,French still life painters,Suicides in France,Baltic-German people,Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion,Russian painters

paragraph: Nicolas de Staël

paragraph: Nicolas de Staël (; January 5, 1914 – March 16, 1955) was a French painter of Russian origin known for his use of a thick impasto and his highly abstract landscape painting. He also worked with collage, illustration and textiles.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Nicolas de Staël was born Николай Владимирович Шталь фон Гольштейн (Nikolai Vladimirovich Stael von Holstein) in Saint Petersburg, into the family of a Russian Lieutenant General, Baron Vladimir Stael von Holstein, (a member of the Staël von Holstein family, and the last Commandant of the Peter and Paul Fortress) and his second wife, Lubov Vladimirovna Berednikova (his first wife was Olga Sakhanskaya). De Staël's family was forced to emigrate to Poland in 1919 because of the Russian Revolution; both his father and stepmother died in Poland and the orphaned Nicolas de Staël was sent with his older sister Marina to Brussels to live with a Russian family (1922).

paragraph: Section::::Career beginnings.

paragraph: He eventually studied art at the Brussels "Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts" (1932). In the 1930s, he travelled throughout Europe, lived in Paris (1934) and in Morocco (1936) (where he first met his companion Jeannine Guillou, also a painter and who would appear in some of his paintings from 1941–1942) and Algeria. In 1936 he had his first exhibition of Byzantine style icons and watercolors at the Galerie Dietrich et Cie, Brussels. He joined the French Foreign Legion in 1939 and was demobilized in 1941. Sometime in 1940 he met one of his future dealers Jeanne Bucher.

paragraph: Section::::During the War.

paragraph: In 1941, he moved to Nice where he met Jean Arp, Sonia Delaunay and Robert Delaunay, and these artists would inspire his first abstract paintings, or "Compositions".

paragraph: In 1942, Jeannine and Nicolas de Staël's daughter Anne was born. The growing family also included Jeannine's nine-year-old son Antoine. In 1943 (during the Nazi occupation), de Staël returned to Paris with Jeannine, but the war years were extremely difficult. During the war his paintings were included in several group exhibitions and in 1944 he had his first one-man exhibition at the Galerie l'Esquisse. In April 1945, he had a one-man exhibition at the Galerie Jeanne Bucher and in May 1945 his paintings were included in the first Salon de Mai. De Staël's work was also included in the Salon d'Automne that year. In Paris in 1944, he met and befriended Georges Braque, and by 1945 his exhibitions brought him critical fame. However times were difficult, and successes came too late, since Jeannine died in February 1946 from illness brought on by malnutrition.

paragraph: Section::::Career success.

paragraph: De Staël met Françoise Chapouton in the spring of 1946, and they married in May. In October 1946 thanks to his friendship with artist André Lanskoy (whom he met in 1944) de Staël made a contract with Louis Carré who agreed to buy all the paintings that he produced. By January 1947 the de Staël family moved into larger quarters thanks to increased recognition and increased sales. In 1947 he befriended his neighbor American private art dealer Theodore Schempp. De Staël's new studio in Paris was very close to Georges Braque's and the two painters became very close friends. In April 1947 his second daughter Laurence was born. In April 1948 his son Jerome was born, also that same year in Paris he began a long friendship with German artist Johnny Friedlaender. His paintings began to attract attention worldwide. In 1950 he had a one-man exhibition at the Galerie Jacques Dubourg in Paris and Schempp introduced de Staël's paintings to New York, with a private exhibition at his Upper East Side apartment. He sold several paintings to important collectors including Duncan Phillips of the Phillips Collection. He had considerable success in the United States, and England in the early 1950s. In 1950 Leo Castelli organized a group exhibition at the Sidney Janis Gallery in New York City that included him In April 1948 his son Jerome was born. In 1952, he had one-man exhibitions in London, Montevideo, and in Paris.

paragraph: In March 1953, he had his first official one-man exhibition at M. Knoedler & Co. in New York City. The show was both a commercial and critical success. In 1953 he had an exhibition at the Phillips Gallery in Washington DC, (known today as The Phillips Collection in Washington DC) and they acquired two more of his canvasses. Visiting the United States in 1953 de Staël and Francoise visited MoMA, the Barnes Foundation in Merion, Pennsylvania and various other important institutions.

paragraph: After returning to Paris, de Staël met visiting New York art dealer Paul Rosenberg who offered de Staël an exclusive contract. De Staël signed with Paul Rosenberg partially because Rosenberg was French and because he was an important New York art dealer who showed many Cubist painters whom Nicolas de Staël admired. By the end of 1953 the demand for de Staël's paintings was so great that Paul Rosenberg raised his prices and continually requested more paintings. The demand was so high for his planned spring 1954 exhibition, that Rosenberg requested an additional fifteen paintings. Once again this exhibition was both commercially and critically successful. In April 1954 de Staël's fourth child Gustave was born. In that spring he had a successful exhibition in Paris at Jacques Dubourg's gallery. His new paintings marked his departure from abstraction and a return to figuration, still-life and landscape.

paragraph: In the fall of 1954, he moved with his family to Antibes.

paragraph: Section::::Early death.

paragraph: By 1953, de Staël's state led him to seek isolation in the south of France (eventually in Antibes). He suffered from exhaustion, insomnia and depression. In the wake of a disappointing meeting with a disparaging art critic on March 16, 1955 he committed suicide. He leapt to his death from his eleventh story studio terrace, in Antibes. He was 41 years old.

paragraph: Nicolas de Staël is buried at Montrouge Cemetery

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: De Staël's painting career spans roughly 15 years (from 1940) and produced more than a thousand paintings. His work shows the influence of Gustave Courbet, Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso (especially Picasso in his Blue and Rose periods), Georges Braque, Fernand Léger and Chaim Soutine, as well as of the Dutch masters Rembrandt, Vermeer and Hercules Seghers. During the 1940s and beginning in representation (especially landscapes, but also still lifes, and portraits), de Staël moved further and further toward abstraction. Evolving his own highly distinctive and abstract style, which bears comparison with the near-contemporary American Abstract Expressionist movement, and French Tachisme, but which he developed independently of them. Typically his paintings contained block-like slabs of colour, emerging as if struggling against one another across the surface of the image.

paragraph: Accordingly, when a Rothko painting was paired with one by Nicolas de Staël in the show of young French and American painters, Rothko commented to William Seitz (in 1952): "Blobs vs. blocks. They both begin with ‘b.‘ Comparisons are false!"".

paragraph: In fact, according to de Staël himself, he turned to his "abstracting" because he "found it awkward to paint an object as a likeness because of the awkwardness I felt when faced[!] with the infinite multitude of coexisting objects in any single object".

paragraph: De Staël's work was quickly recognized within the post-war art world, and he became one of the most influential artists of the 1950s. However, he moved away from abstraction in his later paintings, seeking a more "French" lyrical style, returning to representation (seascapes, footballers, jazz musicians, seagulls) at the end of his life. His return to imagery during the early 1950s can be seen as an influential precedent for the American Bay Area Figurative Movement, as many of those abstract painters made a similar move; returning to imagery during the mid-1950s. His painting style is characterized by a thick impasto showing traces of the brush and the palette knife, and by a division of the canvas into numerous zones of color (especially blues, reds and whites). His most well-known late paintings of beaches and landscapes are dominated by the sky and effects of light.

paragraph: Much of de Staël's late work—in particular his thinned and diluted oil on canvas abstract landscapes of the mid-1950s—predicts Color field painting and Lyrical Abstraction of the 1960s and 1970s. Nicolas de Staël's bold and intensely vivid color in his last paintings predict the direction of much of contemporary painting that came after him including Pop Art of the 1960s.

paragraph: The French New Wave filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard has stated that de Staël is his favorite painter, and the use of primary colors in his film Pierrot Le Fou was strongly influenced by de Staël's work.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- School of Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tachisme

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lyrical Abstraction

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition Catalogue, Nicolas de Staël, paintings 1950–1955, Mitchell-Innes & Nash, NYC. 1997, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Douglas Cooper, "Nicolas de Staël, Masters and Movements", Weidenfeld and Nicolson Ltd. London, 1961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lefevre Fine Art, Thomas Gibson Fine Art, ""Works on Paper"" Nicolas de Staël, ""Sans Titre"", page 60

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pompidou Center show, in French

paragraph: BULLET::::- artcyclopedia entry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolas de Staël, in French museums

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolas de Staël biography on Applicat-Prazan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolas de Stael: In Memoriam

alias: Nikolaj Vladimirovič Stal' fon Gol'štejn

description: painter

wikidata_label: Nicolas de Staël

wikipedia_title: Nicolas de Staël


text:
Archdeacon
Taunton
Sir John Trevelyan, 4th Baronet
Lancing
Jesus College, Cambridge
Beijing
Egypt
Suez
Iraq
Kuwait
Soviet Union
Aden
Aden Protectorate
South Yemen
House of Lords
life peer
Saint Veep
Cornwall
Trevelyan baronets

categories: Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Egypt,Knights of the Garter,Life peers,Indian Civil Service (British India) officers,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George,1905 births,People of the Aden Emergency,Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to China,1985 deaths,Diplomatic peers,Officers of the Order of the British Empire,Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Soviet Union,Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire,Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge,British colonial governors and administrators in Asia,People educated at Lancing College,Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Iraq,Colony of Aden people

paragraph: Humphrey Trevelyan

paragraph: Humphrey Trevelyan, Baron Trevelyan, (27 November 1905 – 9 February 1985) was a British diplomat and author.

paragraph: Trevelyan was a son of Reverend George Trevelyan, great-grandson of the Venerable George Trevelyan, Archdeacon of Taunton, third son of Sir John Trevelyan, 4th Baronet. He was educated at Lancing and Jesus College, Cambridge. After Cambridge Trevelyan joined the Indian Civil Service. He served in India until independence in 1947, then transferred to HM Diplomatic Service. He held many key diplomatic posts, including charge in Beijing after the Revolution, ambassador to Egypt at the time of Suez, a development with which he was clearly uncomfortable, ambassador to Iraq at the time of the 1961 Kuwait crisis, Iraq's first attempt to annex Kuwait, and ambassador to the Soviet Union. He completed forty years of public service as the last high commissioner of Aden, where he wound up British protection and oversaw the British withdrawal from what had been the Aden Protectorate and became South Yemen.

paragraph: Trevelyan wrote a number of books about his career, including "The India We Left" and "The Middle East in Revolution".

paragraph: On 12 February 1968, he was elevated to the House of Lords as a life peer with the title Baron Trevelyan, of Saint Veep in the County of Cornwall.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trevelyan baronets for earlier history of the family

description: British diplomat

wikidata_label: Humphrey Trevelyan, Baron Trevelyan

wikipedia_title: Humphrey Trevelyan


text:
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
quarterback
BC Lions
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Canadian Football League
2010 CFL season
2013 CFL season
Akeem Foster
Grey Cup
2006
New Mexico State
Del Norte High School
Crescent City, California
New Mexico State University
Las Cruces, New Mexico
kinesiology
BC Lions
Canadian Football League
2005
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Hamilton
running back
Antonio Warren
Dave Dickenson
Casey Printers
Winnipeg
NFL
2006
Edmonton Eskimos
Saskatchewan Roughriders
quarterback rating
94th Grey Cup
2007
Dave Dickenson
Saskatchewan Roughriders
West Final
Lions
2008 season
Jarious Jackson
BC Lions
Montreal
Labour Day Weekend
West Semi-Final
West Final
2009 season
Travis Lulay
Wally Buono
MOP
Casey Printers
2010
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Canadian Football League
Steven Jyles
Toronto Argonauts
2011 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season
Labour Day Weekend
2012 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season
99th Grey Cup
2013 season
Joey Elliott
Alex Brink
Justin Goltz
Max Hall
Justin Goltz
Max Hall
Joey Elliott
Akeem Foster
Winnipeg
barbeque
BC Lions bio

categories: Winnipeg Blue Bombers players,Players of American football from California,Grey Cup champions,1981 births,American football quarterbacks,Canadian football quarterbacks,New Mexico State Aggies football players,American players of Canadian football,People from Crescent City, California,Sportspeople from Hutchinson, Kansas,BC Lions players,Living people

paragraph: Buck Pierce

paragraph: Buck James Pierce (born November 15, 1981) is the quarterbacks coach of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and a retired professional quarterback who played nine seasons for the BC Lions and Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League. He spent the first five years of his career with the Lions before signing with the Blue Bombers for the 2010 CFL season. During the 2013 CFL season, he rejoined the Lions when the Blue Bombers traded him for Akeem Foster. He played in two Grey Cup games, winning a championship in 2006. He played college football at New Mexico State from 2001–2004, starting at quarterback for most of his senior year.

paragraph: Section::::High school.

paragraph: The son of Tim and Connie Pierce, he attended Del Norte High School, in Crescent City, California. He was a three-year starter at Del Norte, guiding the Warriors to a 16-4 record as a junior and senior.

paragraph: He passed for 2,225 yards and 25 touchdowns as a senior in 1999, earning Big 5 Conference Most Valuable Player honors for the second consecutive season. He broke the school's single-season and career records for both passing yardage and passing touchdowns in 1999. Buck threw for 2,010 yards and 19 touchdowns as a junior in 1998 and 1,180 yards and 10 touchdowns as a sophomore in 1997.

paragraph: He was voted to the Times Standard North Coast California All-Century team. He qualified for North State meet as a long jumper, leaping better than 22 feet as a junior. He also led DNHS to a pair of league titles as a starting guard on the basketball squad.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Pierce attended New Mexico State University, in Las Cruces, New Mexico where he majored in kinesiology. In 2001, on his first run from scrimmage as a college player, Pierce ripped off a 75-yard run against Louisville. He did not throw an interception in 2001 and did not throw one in 2002 until the fourth quarter against North Texas (11/16) in the next to last game of the season.

paragraph: Wearing the #11 jersey, he started seven games as a sophomore, and took the top job in 2004 as a senior. He consistently posted high efficiency ratings as a college quarterback.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:BC Lions.

paragraph: Pierce signed a free agent contract with the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League on May 16, 2005 after being passed over by the Saskatchewan Roughriders.

paragraph: Pierce began the season as the third-string quarterback, making his CFL debut on Aug 19, 2005 versus Hamilton. In this game, he completed all three of his passes and also threw his first CFL touchdown pass, to running back Antonio Warren, in a 39-15 win over the Tiger-Cats. After injuries to starter Dave Dickenson and backup Casey Printers, Pierce earned his first career start in Week 16 at Winnipeg (Oct 10/05), a 44-23 loss, completing 12-of-22 passes for 133 yards.

paragraph: After Casey Printers left for the NFL in 2006, Pierce was elevated to the backup quarterback position behind Dave Dickenson. Once Dickenson was injured in week 8 against the Edmonton Eskimos, Buck was again elevated to starter status, this time for two straight games and earned his first CFL win as a starter as the team won both games. Dickenson returned only to leave the Sept 24 game against the Saskatchewan Roughriders with post-concussion symptoms, leaving Pierce to start the next game against the Tiger-Cats, also a win. He started each of the next three games until playing poorly in the third game against Hamilton where Dickenson reclaimed his starter's position. Pierce went 5-1 as a starter as he led the CFL in completion percentage (73.7%) and had the second highest quarterback rating (109.0).. At the conclusion of the season, Pierce shared in the Lions championship, playing for a few snaps in the 94th Grey Cup.

paragraph: In 2007, then-starter Dave Dickenson suffered yet another concussion, in week 3, and Pierce stepped up to assume the role of starting quarterback. By mid-August, Pierce was hobbled by injuries to his ribs, toe, hand, and shoulder, but he persevered in the starting role until finally relinquishing the role to third-stringer Jarious Jackson, who performed well himself. The Lions finished a team record 14-3-1, but succumbed to the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the West Final. Due to his frequent injuries, Pierce has been referred to as the Lions' "walking bruise". As of the end of 2007, he had started 11 games as a Lion, compiling a mark of 7-3-1.

paragraph: With Dave Dickenson being released in the off-season, the starting quarterback's position was up for grabs for the 2008 season. Following the 2008 pre-season and a tough competition with back-up Jarious Jackson, Pierce was named the BC Lions starting quarterback. Because of an injury in the regular season opener, he acted as the back-up until Jackson's ineffective play led to Pierce returning as the starter against Montreal on Labour Day Weekend. After manhandling the Roughriders in the West Semi-Final, he led the Lions to the West Final against Calgary where they were defeated for the fourth time that season.

paragraph: The 2009 season saw Pierce struggle with concussions and shoulder injuries. He was sidelined with the former in week 7 on August 14 in a game against Toronto. He returned to play for the first time in week 12 on September 19, starting again against Toronto, after Jarious Jackson was injured in the previous game against Montreal. But again, Pierce was besieged with injuries and left the week 16 match-up with Winnipeg, leaving third stringer Travis Lulay to carry out a victory.

paragraph: With Jackson sitting out the rest of the season, head coach Wally Buono opted to sign former CFL MOP Casey Printers. In the Winnipeg game, Lulay had also injured himself towards the end of the game, forcing Buono to start Printers for the final three games of the regular season. When Printers was knocked out of the finale against Edmonton on November 6, Pierce came in, in relief, and was again knocked out with a shoulder injury. At season end Buono stated that not all five quarterbacks would be back in 2010.

paragraph: On March 9, 2010, Buck Pierce was released by the BC Lions making him a free agent.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

paragraph: Pierce signed with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League on April 12, 2010. He started Winnipeg's opening game of the 2010 CFL season against Hamilton on July 2, 2010. Pierce fought through an injury-plagued season, making only five starts with only three of those coming consecutively. Despite backup Steven Jyles playing well in his absence, the Blue Bombers showed their confidence in his progress in the off-season by trading Jyles to the Toronto Argonauts in May 2011, leaving Pierce the undisputed starter.

paragraph: The 2011 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season began with significant optimism as the team hoped to make the playoffs after failing to qualify the last two seasons. One of the major questions regarding the teams potential was the health of their starting quarterback Buck Pierce, who had missed 13 games the previous year due to injury. Throughout the season Buck Pierce's health would prove to be a minor concern despite taking some viscous hits by defenders. The Blue Bombers jumped out to a 7-1 record to start the season, leading the Eastern Conference. After Labour Day Weekend the Bombers began to struggle losing 6 of 9 games entering the final game of the season with a record of 10-7. Statistically Pierce did not have a great season, but he proved that he was a sufficiently healthy quarterback who could win games.

paragraph: The 2012 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season began with a great deal of optimism following the teams trip to the 99th Grey Cup in the previous season. Pierce sustained a leg injury in July which caused him to miss multiple games. In only his second game (Sep 29, 2012) back from injury Pierce took a violent hit to his head, from which he received a concussion. By the conclusion of the season Pierce had only played in 7 of the 18 regular season games. The Blue Bombers finished the year 6-12 and missed the playoffs.

paragraph: Heading into the 2013 season the Bombers released Joey Elliott and Alex Brink leaving Pierce as the only QB on the roster with any CFL experience.

paragraph: After Week 5, Pierce lost his starting job to Justin Goltz, and fell to No.3 in the depth chart behind Max Hall.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Return to BC.

paragraph: With the rise of young quarterbacks, Justin Goltz and Max Hall in Winnipeg, Joey Elliott being released in BC, and Pierce's inability to stay healthy, he was traded to BC on September 8, 2013 for non-import receiver Akeem Foster. He played in five games for the Lions and started their last regular season game of 2013. Following a nine-year career, Pierce announced his retirement on March 4, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: On March 7, 2014, only three days after announcing his retirement, Pierce was announced as the running backs coach for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. Pierce played 4 seasons with the Bombers from 2010 through 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Pierce and his wife live in Winnipeg, where he once owned a barbeque restaurant which closed in 2015. They have a daughter born in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BC Lions bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Buck Pierce

wikipedia_title: Buck Pierce


text: Burchard-Bélaváry

text: Mád

text: Zemplén County

text: Austrian Empire

text: Pestszentlőrinc

text: Budapest

text: Hungary

text: Hungarian painter

text: Theresianum

text: Vienna

text: United States

text: California

text: San Francisco Art Institute

text: still life

text: Anton Ažbe

text: Munich

text: Filippo Colarossi

text: Académie Colarossi

text: Paris

text: Glycerin

text: distemper

text: Reeves and Sons

text: UK

text: Italy

text: Florence

text: Pozsony

text: Debrecen

text: Burchard-Bélavary

text: Eperjes

text: Enrica Coppini

text: Biography (hu)

categories: Académie Colarossi alumni,20th-century Hungarian painters,19th-century Hungarian painters,1864 births,1933 deaths,People from Budapest

paragraph: István Burchard-Bélaváry

paragraph: István Burchard-Bélaváry (February 4, 1864, Mád, Zemplén County, Austrian Empire – October 21, 1933, Pestszentlőrinc, Budapest, Hungary) was a Hungarian painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: After schooling at "Theresianum" in Vienna, he turned to the arts. He lived eight years from 1887 in United States. He participated in California in a humorous illustration of newspaper, "The Weekly Jonah" and then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute (1889-1890) and work independently. He painted still lifes, genre scenes, landscapes and portraits. He returned to Europe in 1894. His masters are Anton Ažbe in Munich (1895-1896) and Filippo Colarossi at the Académie Colarossi in Paris (1897-1898). He invented in 1899 a special technique: "Glycerin distemper." It sales its patent in 1907 to Reeves and Sons which reports the process in UK under the name ""Bélaváry pasteloid colors"". Then he makes a long stay in Italy and married in Florence in 1899.

paragraph: He moved with his family to Pozsony in 1904. He led his own school of painting and was elected director of the "Association of Fine Arts" of Pozsony then director of the Salon of Pozsony in 1911. It organizes various exhibitions, including one in London in 1907. He moved to Budapest in 1918. He is active in Budapest and Debrecen.

paragraph: He is the son of Gustave Burchard-Bélavary of Bélavar and Szikava (1829 Eperjes - 1903 Budapest), officer, professor of economics and commercial law, writer and painter, and Louise von Bukowski Stolzenburg († 1913). He married Enrica Coppini (1872-1960), painter.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Éber László, "Művészeti Lexikon - Győző Andor Kiadása", Budapest, 1933

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akadémiai Kiadó, "Művészeti Lexikon", Budapest, 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Szabó - Kállai, "Magyar festők és grafikusok életrajzi lexikona", Nyíregyháza, 1997

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical notice with self-portrait(hu)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography (hu)

description: Hungarian painter

wikidata_label: István Burchard-Bélaváry

wikipedia_title: István Burchard-Bélaváry


text:
KCMG
United States Army
2nd Infantry Division
Château-Thierry
John J. Pershing
30th Infantry Division
Hindenburg Line
United States Military Academy
John J. Pershing
Spanish–American War
Moro Rebellion
20th Infantry Regiment
Hawaiian Department
American Revolution
John J. Pershing
Ulysses S. Grant
Henry Balding Lewis
Liberty Island
Henry Balding Lewis
Omar Bradley
Fort Huachuca
9th Infantry Regiment
Pullman Strike
Grover Cleveland
Labor Day
20th Infantry Regiment
Fort Leavenworth
Spanish–American War
Moro War
Fifth Army Corps
Santiago de Cuba
Battle of Las Guasimas
Battle of San Juan Hill
Battle of El Caney
Battle of El Caney
Rough Riders
Battle of El Caney
Gatling gun
Major General
William "Pecos Bill" Shafter
siege of Santiago
Henry W. Lawton
El Caney
Calixto García
Battle of San Juan Hill
José Toral y Velázquez
Battle of El Caney
Teddy Roosevelt
Philippine–American War
Moro War
1906 San Francisco earthquake
Mexican Revolution
Tampico Affair
Mexican
Victoriano Huerta
Veracruz
Frederick Funston
United States occupation of Veracruz
76th Infantry Brigade
38th Infantry Division
2nd Infantry Division
Hundred Days Offensive
30th Infantry Division
Fourth British Armies
Fourth British Army
Battle of St. Quentin Canal
Field Marshall Douglas Haig
General Read
2nd Infantry Division
8th Corps
Pershing House
Fort Sam Houston
Henry Balding Lewis
Hawaiian Division
Hawaiian Department
Henry Balding Lewis
San Francisco National Cemetery

wikipedia_title: 76th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)

categories: Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium),Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France),Recipients of the Legion of Merit,American military personnel of the Philippine–American War,United States Military Academy alumni,American military personnel of World War I,1949 deaths,Sons of the American Revolution,United States Army War College alumni,Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States),Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur,People from New Albany, Indiana,American military personnel of the Spanish–American War,1863 births,American people of the Indian Wars,United States Army generals of World War I

paragraph: Edward Mann Lewis

paragraph: Major General Edward Mann Lewis, KCMG, (December 10, 1863 – July 27, 1949) was a highly decorated United States Army officer who served his nation for 46 years. In World War I he led the 30th Infantry Division when they broke the Hindenburg Line. Upon arrival in France In 1917, he was placed in command of all U.S. forces in Paris. In 1918 he led the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division at Château-Thierry where he was responsible for planning and leading the attack on the strategic town of Vaux. General John J. Pershing then promoted him and placed him in command of the 30th Infantry Division in July 1918. Assigned to the Fourth British Army, the 30th Division (Old Hickory) broke the Hindenburg Line on September 29, hastening the end of the Great War.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The son of William Henry and Julia Frances (Snively) Lewis, Edward Mann Lewis was born December 10, 1863 in New Albany, Indiana. He entered the United States Military Academy at West Point in September 1881 and graduated in July 1886, a classmate of John J. Pershing. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant of Infantry and served in the Spanish–American War and the Moro Rebellion in the Philippines while assigned to the 20th Infantry Regiment.

paragraph: During World War I, General Lewis was placed in charge of the Paris Military District before commanding the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division, and later commanded the 30th Infantry Division. Following World War I, he commanded the 8th Corps Area in Texas, then the Hawaiian Department from 1925 to 1927.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and West Point.

paragraph: Edward Mann Lewis was born on December 10, 1863, alongside the river in New Albany, Indiana. His father, a Railroad executive, told him stories of the Lewis family who served in the military, going back to the American Revolution. He was able to secure an appointment to West Point in 1881, where he excelled in the classroom and on the athletic field. He was made a cadet lieutenant in his first year, but ran into trouble with mathematics. His potential was recognized, however, so he was granted a "turnback" joining the class of 1886 and becoming a friend of classmate John J. Pershing. That friendship would last for over 40 years while they served together in The Philippines, San Francisco, Mexico and in Europe during the Great War. Called 'Sep' by his friends and classmates, they stood in honor when the funeral train of Ulysses S. Grant made a stop in West Point in 1885. His experiences at West Point started him down a path of lifelong service. The stories he told inspired his son Henry Balding Lewis to do the same, with the younger Lewis graduating from West Point in 1913, before becoming a Major General himself in the Second World War.

paragraph: Section::::Frontier duty.

paragraph: Commissioned a Second Lieutenant of Infantry, he joined the 11th Infantry Regiment in the west, at Fort Yates in the Dakota Territory. After about a year on the border, they were shipped to Fort Wood, Liberty Island in New York harbor where the newly installed Statue of Liberty stood proud, Captain Lewis its new Commander. His son, Henry Balding Lewis a future Major General and Deputy Chief of Staff to Omar Bradley in World War II was born there, the first child born at the new hospital on the island. Packing up the family, they traveled to Fort Huachuca in the Arizona Territory for their next duty station. His attention to detail and outstanding performance led to regimental duties and post staff assignments unusual for one so young. He was then detached from his regiment, and assigned to teach Military Science at DePaw University in his home state. Being assigned to the 9th Infantry Regiment, he led his men when they were mobilized to help end the violent Pullman Strike in 1894. In an effort to conciliate organized labor after the strike, President Grover Cleveland and Congress designated Labor Day as a federal holiday later that year.

paragraph: Finishing up his duties at DePaw, he was assigned to the 20th Infantry Regiment in 1896, joining them at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas. He would spend twelve years with the 'Sykes Regulars' serving as the Regimental Adjutant in the Spanish–American War, and the Moro War in the Philippines.

paragraph: Section::::Spanish–American War.

paragraph: During the Spanish–American War, Lewis and the 20th Infantry Regiment fought in the Cuban Campaign as part of the 2nd Division. The primary objective of the American Fifth Army Corps' invasion of Cuba was the capture of the city of Santiago de Cuba. U.S. forces had driven back the Spaniards' first line of defense at the Battle of Las Guasimas, after which General Arsenio Linares pulled his troops back to the main line of defense against Santiago along San Juan Heights. In the charge at the Battle of San Juan Hill U.S. forces captured the Spanish position. At the Battle of El Caney the same day, U.S. forces took the fortified Spanish position and were then able to extend the U.S. flank on San Juan Hill. The destruction of the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Santiago de Cuba allowed U.S. forces to safely besiege the city.

paragraph: Meeting stiff resistance from a well-armed adversary, the Battle of El Caney was fought on July 1, 1898, in southeastern Cuba. The Division under General Lawton succeeded in capturing the town, fort and blockhouses and protected the right flank of the main American attack on the Heights of San Juan to the south.

paragraph: The Army deployed a combined force of about 15,000 American troops in regular infantry and cavalry regiments, including all four of the army's "Colored" regiments, and volunteer regiments, among them Roosevelt and his "Rough Riders", the 71st New York, the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry, and 1st North Carolina, and rebel Cuban forces. They attacked 1,270 entrenched Spaniards in dangerous Civil War-style frontal assaults at the Battle of El Caney and Battle of San Juan Hill outside of Santiago. More than 200 U.S. soldiers were killed and close to 1,200 wounded in the fighting, thanks to the high rate of fire the Spanish were able to put down range at the Americans. Supporting fire by Gatling guns was critical to the success of the assault. Cervera decided to escape Santiago two days later.

paragraph: On July 3, 1898, the same day as the naval battle, Major General William "Pecos Bill" Shafter began the siege of Santiago. Shafter fortified his position on San Juan Heights. General Henry W. Lawton's division moved up from El Caney extending the U.S. right flank to the north. To the northwest, Cuban rebels under the command of Calixto García extended the U.S. line to the bay. General Arsenio Linares had been severely wounded at the Battle of San Juan Hill and was replaced by General José Toral y Velázquez. Toral had a good defensive position and Shafter knew he would sustain severe casualties from a frontal assault.

paragraph: Lewis was cool under fire, and was cited for Gallantry at the Battle of El Caney. During the war Lewis met Teddy Roosevelt and made a lifelong friend who would later help muster troops in Indiana, as the nation prepared for the Great War.

paragraph: Section::::The Philippine–American War and Moro Rebellion.

paragraph: The Philippine–American War required that the 20th Infantry Division to ship overseas again, with Captain Lewis serving in the north of the country. Between 1899 and 1901 they opened the Pasig River and fought in many battles as a part of the campaign. Lewis personally accepted the surrender of General Aglipay at Llocos Norte in 1901, bringing relative peace to the north. He was then transferred back to Chicago to help the recruiting effort, returning to the Philippines with the 20th in 1904 for two more years of occupation duty during the Moro War. He served at headquarters as the Adjutant General of the 1st Brigade in Manilla. In early 1906 the 20th Infantry was called home, to the Presidio in San Francisco, just in time to help cope with the impending disaster.

paragraph: Section::::The San Francisco earthquake.

paragraph: When the 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck, the city turned quickly to the Army for help. A few years earlier, while John J Pershing was in the Philippines, a fire consumed the General's residence at the Presidio, killing his wife and three of his young children. In an effort to avert such a tragedy in the future, the first dedicated fire department was created on station, and they would prove valuable in fighting the fire that swept the city after the earthquake. Captain Lewis was still serving with the 20th Infantry Regiment when they were stationed in at the Presidio in Monterey when an urgent call for aid was sent to the commanding officer, Colonel Marion P. Maus. When General Funston took command of the city, Military Districts were established to manage the crisis. The 20th Infantry was assigned to the Third Military District, establishing a command post at Portsmouth Square. They pitched their tents in front of the Hall of Justice, and played a key role in restoring order to daily life in the city. It was noted in the after action report "The most important duties were those devolving upon Colonel Maus, who guarded the business center in the burned district."

paragraph: The following are excerpts from the report of Major General Adolpuhs Greely:

paragraph: Several attempts had been made to get into telegraphic communication with the commanding officer of the Presidio of Monterey, in order to bring to the city a portion of the command of that post. Owing to the telegraph lines being down it was, however, impossible to communicate with any place south of San Francisco. On the 19th the Pacific Squadron had reached San Francisco Bay, and, at my request, Admiral C. F. Goodrich, commanding, sent a torpedo boat to the Presidio of Monterey, carrying the necessary message to the commanding officer of that post. These orders were delivered with great dispatch and with the result that on the 21st headquarters, 1st and 3d Battalions of the 20th Infantry, Col. Marion P. Maus, commanding, reached San Francisco and reported for duty, being followed the next day by field and staff and the 2d Squadron, 14th Cavalry.

paragraph: The work of sanitation was exceptionally disagreeable. Many dead animals, human bodies and refuse, all in a decomposed condition, littered the area. Added to this the 20th Infantry was obliged to occupy points, where walls of building were tottering, where fires still raged, and in streets filled with debris. The troops subsisted for ten days on the rations carried on their persons from Monterey. They were courteous in deportment and considerate of the people, besides being faithful in their military duties. Verbal reports have been made of frequent cases in which enlisted men of the Regular Army, whose names are unknown, contributed greatly to giving some comfort to the homeless people, making personal sacrifices and furnishing supplies for persons to who they were unknown.

paragraph: In 1908 he was detached again from his unit, to serve as a professor of military science and tactics at the University of California. In 1912 he was promoted to the rank of Major, and was selected to attend the Field Officers Course at Fort Leavenworth, graduating March 19, 1913. This was a special class in tactics organized just for the attendees.

paragraph: Section::::Vera Cruz.

paragraph: After graduation from the Field Officers Course, Lewis was assigned to Command the 19th Infantry at Fort Meade, South Dakota. During the Mexican Revolution, the 19th was moved to Galveston, Texas to take up border duty. The Tampico Affair began as a minor incident involving U.S. sailors and Mexican land forces loyal to General Victoriano Huerta during the "guerra de las facciones" phase of the Mexican Revolution. The misunderstanding occurred on April 9, 1914, but developed into a breakdown of diplomatic relations between the two countries. As a result, the United States invaded the port city of Veracruz, occupying it for more than six months. On April 30, the U.S. Army's 5th Reinforced Brigade under Brigadier General Frederick Funston arrived and took over the occupation of the city, with Lewis serving as the Treasurer of the Military Government during the United States occupation of Veracruz.

paragraph: Section::::Mobilization.

paragraph: In 1915, Lewis served as Inspector-Instructor of the Illinois National Guard in Springfield, and was the senior mustering officer for the state. The next year, he was promoted to Brigadier-General to command a brigade of National Guard troops, and was deployed to Texas. Placed in Command of the Llano Grande District, his 13th Provisional Brigade was composed of guardsmen from Indiana, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, Louisiana and Oklahoma. As they mustered out in preparation of the war, he also served as Officer in charge of Military Affairs at Headquarters, Northeastern Department.

paragraph: Section::::World War I.

paragraph: Early in the war, Lewis was promoted to Brigadier-General in the regular Army, taking command of the 76th Infantry Brigade, and later the 38th Infantry Division at Camp Shelby, Mississippi. As they trained and prepared for departure for Europe, General Lewis was sent to France and placed in command of all US Forces in Paris. With many members of the AEF stationed in the city and many more passing through on the way to the front, General Pershing thought it necessary to have one command responsible. In November 1917 Paris was made a separate military district, and became a separate command under General Lewis. He was given jurisdiction over all the troops stationed in the city, and all casual visitors. He published orders in December that prescribed the rules of conduct for all American forces in or visiting the city, or those rotating to or from the front lines. These regulations remained in force under his successors, when Paris was full of men seeking recuperation and recreation, and for whose good behavior the district commander was responsible.

paragraph: On May 5, 1918 he was assigned to command the Third Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division in Verdun, just before it moved south to blunt the German advance on Paris. With the Marines assigned to the division fighting in Belleau Wood, troops under Lewis dug in just south of the Paris to Metz road stopping the German advance just outside Chateau-Thierry. This battle would become part of the Hundred Days Offensive, becoming the turning point in the war. In what Pershing called a "Brilliantly executed operation" Lewis led his brigade in capturing the important town of Vaux on July 1.

paragraph: In early July 1918 he was promoted to Major General, and was assigned to command the 30th Infantry Division. The 30th and the 27th Division served under British Command as part of the bargain Pershing struck with General Haig and Marshall Foch, forming the II American Corps under General Read. "Old Hickory" fought with the First, Second, Third and Fourth British Armies, lastly serving under General Rawlinson. As part of the Fourth British Army, they broke through the Hindenburg Line on September 29, 1918 at Bellicourt in the Battle of St. Quentin Canal winning the praise of General Pershing "... the 30th Division did especially well. It broke through the Hindenburg Line on its entire front and took Bellicourt and part of Nauroy by noon of the 29th.". Still attached to the 4th, the 30th continued to attack while engaged in some of the most bitter fighting in the war. They pushed the Germans back seven miles to the Selle River by the 11th of October, then crossed it and captured Molain and St.-Martin-Riviere on the 17th.

paragraph: Field Marshall Douglas Haig, Commander of the British Expeditionary Forces sent this letter to General Read, Commanding the II American Corps:

paragraph: "I wish to express to you personally and to all the officers and men serving under you my warm appreciation of the very valuable and gallant services rendered by you throughout the recent operations with the Fourth British Army. Called upon to attack positions of great strength, held by a determined enemy, all ranks of the 27th and 30th American Divisions under your command displayed an energy, courage, and determination in attack which proved irresistible. It does not need me to tell you that in the heavy fighting of the past three weeks you have earned the lasting esteem and admiration of your British Comrades-in-Arms, whose success you so nobly shared"

paragraph: General Pershing visited the 30th Infantry Division on 21 January 1919 for an inspection, and sent the following letter to General Lewis:

paragraph: AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES

paragraph: OFFICE OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF,

paragraph: FRANCE, February 19, 1919

paragraph: MAJOR GENERAL EDWARD M. LEWIS,

paragraph: Commanding 30th Division, A. E. F.

paragraph: MY DEAR GENERAL LEWIS:

paragraph: It gives me much pleasure to extend to you and the officers and men of the 30th Division my sincere compliments upon their appearance at the review and inspection on the 21st of January, southwest of Teille, which was excellent, and is just what would be expected in a command with such a splendid fighting record.

paragraph: After its preliminary training the Division entered the line on July 16, where it remained almost continuously until the end of October. In that time it was in the actual battle from 30 August, and took part in the Ypres-Lys and Somme offensives. On September 29, the Division broke through both the Hindenburg and the Le Catlet-Nauroy lines, capturing Bellicourt and Nauroy, an operation on which all subsequent action of the 4th British Army depended. From October 7 to October 20, the Division advanced 23 kilometers in a continued series of attacks, capturing 2,352 of the enemy. Brancourt, Premont, Busigny, St. Benin, St. Couplet and Escaufort, La Haie Mineresse, and Vaux Andigny are names which will live in the memories of those who fought in the 30th Division. But its especial glory will always be the honor you won by breaking the Hindenburg Line on September 29. Such a record is one of which we are all proud.

paragraph: It is gratifying to see your troops in such good physical shape, but still more so to know that this almost ideal condition will continue to the end of their service and beyond, as an exemplification of their high character and soldierly qualities.

paragraph: I inspected the artillery brigade of the Division later, and found the same high standard of personnel that marks the rest of the Division.

paragraph: Very Sincerely Yours,

paragraph: JOHN J. PERSHING

paragraph: Lewis would lead the 30th Division until its return to the United States in 1919, with him staying behind in France to lead the Infantry Board (informally called "The Lewis Board"), to study and learn the lessons of the war.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war years.

paragraph: In July 1919, General Lewis commanded the 5th Division at Camp Gordon in Georgia, then was put in Command of the Douglas Arizona District. He then led the 3rd Division (now famously called "The Rock of the Marne") at Camp Pike in Arkansas. Later he was placed in command of his much loved "Indianhead" 2nd Infantry Division at Camp Travis in Texas, and helped give birth to Army Aviation there.

paragraph: In December 1922, he was promoted to command the 8th Corps, the largest Army in the United States at that time. As commander, his assigned quarters were the now famous Pershing House at Fort Sam Houston. His son Major Henry Balding Lewis was able to join him out west, with his new bride. At this time the Army started retiring the horse from Cavalry service, and mechanized.

paragraph: Section::::The Hawaiian Department.

paragraph: In 1924 General Lewis was selected to command the Hawaiian Division until January 1925, when he was placed in charge of the Hawaiian Department. While in Hawaii, General Lewis presided over the largest military exercises in US history to date, with the Army defending the islands from a Naval invasion. He also toured China in 1927, visiting both the Marines and the Army's 15th Infantry Division in Tianjin (formerly Tientsin). While there, he was able to see his son Henry Balding Lewis, the Adjutant General of US Forces in China, along with Henry's wife Sarah (Lallie) and their daughter, Frances Harriet Lewis, only 8 years old at the time. Frances and her husband, Colonel Frank Henry Stone are buried next to her father and mother, at Arlington National Cemetery.

paragraph: He ran the Hawaiian Department until his retirement in December 1927 culminating 46 years of distinguished service to his nation.

paragraph: After travelling the world to visit his wartime friends, Major General Edward Mann Lewis and his wife settled in Berkeley, California close to his friends and the University where he once taught. Late in life he spent much time in the hospital, but kept his upbeat disposition and encouraged those around him. He died and was laid to rest in the ellipse of the San Francisco National Cemetery at the Presidio on July 29, 1949.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Mann Lewis Class of 1886 US Military Academy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mitchell A. Yockelson, "Borrowed Soldiers: Americans Under British Command"  Copyright 2008

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-  West Point Memorial

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Military Times Hall of Valor

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Find a grave - Maj. Gen. Edward Mann Lewis

paragraph: BULLET::::-  US Army Pacific Short Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Registry of the American Soldier - US Army Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Gravesite Location Google Maps San Francisco National Cemetery

description: US Army general

wikidata_label: Edward Mann Lewis

wikipedia_title: Edward Mann Lewis


text: Polish

text: Roman Catholic

text: Lubicz

text: noble family

text: Poznań

text: doctorate in Laws

text: Podgorne

text: Śrem

text: pope

text: Poznań society of friends of Science

text: Vatican

text: archbishop

text: Poznań Cathedral

text: will and testament

wikipedia_title: List of archbishops of Gniezno and primates of Poland

paragraph: Leon Michał Przyłuski

paragraph: Leon Michał Przyłuski (1789–1865) was a Polish Roman Catholic Bishop who was Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland from 1845 to 1865. He was an active participant in the Polish independence movement of the late 1800s.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Przyłuski was born in 1789 (probably on October 5) in Strzeszynku, to father, Stanisław (1747-1843) of the Lubicz noble family and his mother Sarah Wal (1750-1848).

paragraph: In 1806, he studied at the seminary in Poznań and from 1811-1813 at the University of Wroclaw. He was ordained in 1814.

paragraph: In 1817, he received a doctorate in Laws. and was made a pastor in Podgorne. In 1823, he was transferred to Śrem (Schrimm).

paragraph: From 1824 to 1825 and in 1831, he served as vicar general and "oficjała Archdiocese" of Poznań and from 1843 to 1844 in the office of vicar of the Curia of Gniezno.

paragraph: In 1845, he was on a list of candidates approved by the King of Prussia, and the pope approved his selection on 27 April 1845.

paragraph: Section::::Career as primate.

paragraph: As a bishop, he advocated for representation of Polish national to the Prussian Government. In January 1846, the Prussian government forced him to make an announcement denouncing the "Wielki Poland Uprising", but in March 1848, he stood at the head of the deputation to the Prussian King concerning the maintenance of the autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Poznań. He also corresponded with the authorities in Berlin at this time. He urged priests to support the opposition to the "Division of the Grand Duchy".

paragraph: In 1857, he was the (first) honorary president of Poznań society of friends of Science.

paragraph: Section::::End of his primacy.

paragraph: His support for the uprisings of the early 1860s caused the authorities to approach the Vatican in 1862 to seek the removal of Przyłuski as archbishop. In 1865, the pope decided to replace Przyłuski with Cardinal Przyłuskiego, but Przyłuski died before this became effective.

paragraph: He died on March 12, 1865 in Poznań. He is buried in the Poznań Cathedral. His heart, according to his will and testament, is in the basement of the Cathedral of Gniezno.

description: Polish noble and bishop

wikidata_label: Leon Michał Przyłuski

wikipedia_title: Leon Michał Przyłuski


text: Elizabeth I

text: Northwest Passage

text: East Indies

text: Falkland Islands

text: British Overseas Territory

text: James Lancaster

text: East India Company

text: Stoke Gabriel

text: Devon

text: Humphrey Gilbert

text: Walter Raleigh

text: John Dee

text: Northwest Passage

text: Francis Walsingham

text: Frobisher

text: Greenland

text: Cape Farewell

text: Baffin Island

text: the strait which came to bear his name

text: Arctic ice cap

text: Inuit

text: Hamilton Inlet

text: Disko Island

text: Davis Inlet

text: Labrador

text: Spanish Armada

text: Earl of Cumberland

text: Azores Voyage of 1589

text: Thomas Cavendish

text: Northwest Passage

text: Strait of Magellan

text: Falkland Islands

text: Desire

text: Sir Walter Raleigh

text: Cádiz

text: Dutch

text: East Indies

text: Achin

text: Sumatra

text: James Lancaster

text: East India Company

text: Aceh

text: reals of eight

text: hundredweight

text: Edward Michelborne

text: James I

text: Bintan Island

text: Singapore

text: "Japanese" pirates

text: whalers

text: Greenland

text: Norse

text: Eastern Settlement

text: Richard Hakluyt

text: backstaff

text: Davis Quadrant

text: Hadley's reflecting quadrant

text: Hakluyt Society

text: Northwest Passage

text: Cambridge University Press

categories: Explorers of the Arctic,People from Dartmouth, Devon,Scientific instrument makers,17th-century English people,Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada),Explorers of Canada,1550 births,Baffin Bay,English explorers of North America,1605 deaths,People of the Tudor period,16th-century English people

paragraph: John Davis (English explorer)

paragraph: John Davis or Davys (c. 155029 December 1605) (b. 1543?) was one of the chief English navigators of Elizabeth I. He led several voyages to discover the Northwest Passage and served as pilot and captain on both Dutch and English voyages to the East Indies. He discovered the Falkland Islands (today a British Overseas Territory) in August 1592.

paragraph: It is important that Captain John Davis of Sandridge should not be confused with a contemporary, Captain John Davis of Limehouse. Both served in the fleet of Captain James Lancaster during the first voyage of the East India Company to the East Indies.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Davis was born in the parish of Stoke Gabriel in Devon circa 1550, and spent his childhood in Sandridge Barton nearby. It has been suggested that he learned much of his seamanship as a child while plying boats along the river Dart, and went to sea at an early age. His childhood neighbours included Adrian Gilbert and Humphrey Gilbert and their half-brother Walter Raleigh. From early on, he also became friends with John Dee.

paragraph: He began pitching a voyage in search of the Northwest Passage to the queen's secretary Francis Walsingham in 1583. Two years later, in 1585, the secretary relented and funded the expedition, which traced Frobisher's route to Greenland's east coast, around Cape Farewell, and west towards Baffin Island. In 1586 he returned to the Arctic with four ships, two of which were sent to Greenland's iceberg-calving eastern shore; the other two penetrated the strait which came to bear his name as far as 67°N before being blocked by the Arctic ice cap. "Sunshine" attempted (and failed) to circumnavigate the island from the east. The initially amiable approach Davis adopted to the Inuit bringing musicians and having the crew dance and play with them changed after they stole one of his anchors; they were likely irate at having been interrupted during one of their religious ceremonies. Inuit also attacked his ships in Hamilton Inlet (Labrador). A third expedition in 1587 reached 72°12'N and Disko Island before unfavorable winds forced it back. On his return, Davis charted the Davis Inlet in the coast of Labrador. The log of this trip remained a textbook model for later captains for centuries.

paragraph: In 1588 he seems to have commanded "Black Dog" against the Spanish Armada. In 1589 he joined the Earl of Cumberland as part of the Azores Voyage of 1589. In 1591 he accompanied Thomas Cavendish on Cavendish's last voyage, which sought to discover the Northwest Passage "upon the back parts of America" (i.e., from the western entrance). After the rest of Cavendish's expedition returned unsuccessful, Davis continued to attempt on his own account the passage of the Strait of Magellan; though defeated by foul weather, he probably discovered the Falkland Islands in August 1592 aboard "Desire". His crew was forced to kill hundreds of penguins for food on the islands, but the stored meat spoiled in the tropics and only fourteen of his 76 men made it home alive.

paragraph: From 1596 to 1597 Davis seems to have sailed with Sir Walter Raleigh to Cádiz and the Azores as master of Raleigh's ship; from 1598 to 1600 he accompanied a Dutch expedition to the East Indies as pilot, sailing from Flushing and returning to Middleburg, while carefully charting and recording geographical details. He narrowly escaped destruction from treachery at Achin on Sumatra.

paragraph: From 1601 to 1603 he accompanied Sir James Lancaster as Pilot-Major on the first voyage of the English East India Company. For his part Davis was to receive £500 (around £1.5 million at 2015 values) if the voyage doubled its original investment, £1,000 if three times, £1,500 if four times and £2,000 if five times.

paragraph: Before departure, Davis had told London merchants that pepper could be obtained in Aceh at a price of four reals of eight per hundredweight - whereas it actually cost 20. When the voyage returned, Lancaster complained that Davis had been wrong about both the price and availability of pepper. Unhappy at being made a scapegoat for the situation, on 5 December 1604 Davis sailed again for the East Indies as pilot to Sir Edward Michelborne, an "interloper" who had been granted a charter by James I despite the supposed East India Company monopoly on trade with the East. On this journey he was killed off Bintan Island near Singapore by one of his captive "Japanese" pirates whose disabled vessel he had just seized. The pirates had taken the English in through several days of friendly discourse prior to the surprise attack in which the subject was 'dragged back, hacked and slashed, and thrust out again'. He died almost immediately after the attack.

paragraph: In the centuries after his death, the importance of Dutch whalers actually led the settlements along Greenland's western coast to be called "Straat Davis" after their name for the Strait, while the name "Greenland" was used to refer to the eastern shore, erroneously presumed to be the site of the Norse Eastern Settlement.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Davis's explorations in the Arctic were published by Richard Hakluyt and appeared on his world map. Davis himself published a valuable treatise on practical navigation called "The Seaman's Secrets" in 1594 and a more theoretical work called "The World's Hydrographical Description" in 1595. The account of Davis's last voyage was written by Michelborne on his return to England in 1606.

paragraph: Section::::Inventions.

paragraph: His invention of the backstaff and double quadrant (called the Davis Quadrant after him) remained popular among English seamen until long after Hadley's reflecting quadrant had been introduced.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On 28 September 1582, Davis married Mistress Faith Fulford, daughter of Sir John Fulford (the High Sheriff of Devon) and Dorithy Bourchier, the daughter of the Earl of Bath. He had five children: his first son, Gilbert was baptised on 27 March 1583; a daughter Elizabeth who died in infancy; Arthur, born 1586; John, born and died 1587; and Philip.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ray Freeman and Eric Preston. "John Davis 1543-1605, The Master Navigator from the Dart", Dartmouth History Research Group Paper 33, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Markham, A.H. (1880) "The Voyages and Works of John Davis the Navigator". Hakluyt Society. Descriptions of the three voyages Davis undertook to discover the Northwest Passage. (Reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010. )

description: one of the chief English navigators and explorers under Elizabeth I

wikidata_label: John Davis

wikipedia_title: John Davis (English explorer)


text: American

text: country music

text: Patsy Cline

text: Hawkshaw Hawkins

text: Grand Ole Opry

text: Blue Creek, Ohio

text: Adams County

text: WLW-AM

text: WKRC-AM

text: Cincinnati

text: Knoxville, Tennessee

text: WNOX-AM

text: Eddy Arnold

text: Pee Wee King

text: Grand Ole Opry

text: King Records

text: Billboard

text: Signed Sealed and Delivered

text: The Tennessee Waltz

text: Candy Kisses

text: Ozark Jubilee

text: Dot Records

text: Alabam

text: Starday Records

text: Patsy Cline

text: Hawkshaw Hawkins

text: Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall

text: Kansas City, Kansas

text: disc jockey

text: Piper Comanche

text: Dyersburg, Tennessee

text: CT

text: Camden, Tennessee

text: Forest Lawn Memorial Gardens

text: Goodlettsville, Tennessee

categories: American male singer-songwriters,Grand Ole Opry members,Starday Records artists,King Records artists,Songwriters from Ohio,American country singer-songwriters,People from Adams County, Ohio,Country musicians from Ohio,20th-century American singers,1913 births,1963 deaths,Accidental deaths in Tennessee,Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States

paragraph: Cowboy Copas

paragraph: Lloyd Estel Copas (July 15, 1913 – March 5, 1963),

paragraph: "the Country Gentleman of Song", known by his stage name Cowboy Copas, was an American country music singer popular from the 1940s until his death in the 1963 plane crash that also killed country stars Patsy Cline and Hawkshaw Hawkins. He was a member of the Grand Ole Opry.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Copas was born in 1913 in Blue Creek, Ohio, in Adams County. He began performing locally at age 14, and appeared on WLW-AM and WKRC-AM in Cincinnati during the 1930s. In 1940 he moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, where he performed on WNOX-AM with his band, the Gold Star Rangers.

paragraph: In 1943, Copas achieved national fame when he replaced Eddy Arnold as a vocalist in the Pee Wee King band and began performing on the Grand Ole Opry. His first solo single, "Filipino Baby", released by King Records in 1946, hit No. 4 on the "Billboard" country chart and sparked the most successful period of his career.

paragraph: While continuing to appear on the Opry, Copas recorded several other hits during the late 1940s and early 1950s, including "Signed Sealed and Delivered", "The Tennessee Waltz", "Tennessee Moon", "Breeze", "I'm Waltzing with Tears in My Eyes", "Candy Kisses", "Hangman's Boogie", and "The Strange Little Girl". Copas' 1952 single, "'Tis Sweet to Be Remembered", reached No. 8 on the "Billboard" country chart, but it was his final top 40 hit for eight years.

paragraph: Although Copas didn't maintain his stellar popularity of the late 1940s through the next decade, he continued to perform regularly at the Grand Ole Opry and appeared on ABC-TV's "Ozark Jubilee". After a lackluster partnership with Dot Records, Copas surged to the top of the charts again in 1960 with the biggest hit of his career, "Alabam", which remained number one for three months. Other major hits during his successful period with Starday Records in the early 1960s, including "Flat Top" and a remake of "Signed, Sealed And Delivered", held promising implications for the future of his career.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Aircraft accident.

paragraph: On March 3, 1963, Copas, Patsy Cline, Hawkshaw Hawkins and others performed at a benefit concert at the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall in Kansas City, Kansas for the family of disc jockey Cactus Jack Call, who had died the previous December in an automobile accident.

paragraph: On March 5, they left for Nashville in a Piper Comanche piloted by Copas' son-in-law (and Cline's manager), Randy Hughes. After stopping to refuel in Dyersburg, Tennessee, the craft took off at 6:07 p.m. CT. The plane flew into severe weather and crashed at 6:29 p.m. in a forest near Camden, Tennessee, 90 miles from the destination. There were no survivors. A stone marker, dedicated on July 6, 1996, marks the location of the crash.

paragraph: Copas was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Gardens in Goodlettsville, Tennessee in "Music Row" with Hawkins and other country music stars.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bush, John (2003). Edited by Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, & Stephen Erlewine. "Cowboy Copas (Lloyd Estel Copas)." "All Music Guide to Country", 2nd ed. San Francisco: Backbeat Books, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Jonathan Guyot (1998). "Cowboy Copas." In "The Encyclopedia of Country Music". Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 111.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon, John Roger (2008) "Cowboy Copas and the Golden Age of Country Music". Jesse Stuart Foundation, publisher. 416 pages w/ illustrations.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cowboy Copas tribute page at patsycline.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cowboy Copas biography at hillbilly-music.com

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Cowboy Copas

wikipedia_title: Cowboy Copas


text:
Cambridge, Wisconsin
NASCAR
Busch Series
2000
Matt Kenseth
Visine
Gateway
NHIS
2001
Buckshot Racing
Pikes Peak
Georgia-Pacific
2002
Havill-Spoerl Racing
2003
Nashville
2004
Davis Motorsports
North Carolina Speedway
Milwaukee Mile
Sun Prairie, Wisconsin
Ross Kenseth
Ty Majeski
Schuler's Career Stats
Fan site (old)

categories: 1972 births,NASCAR drivers,American Speed Association drivers,People from Cambridge, Wisconsin,Living people

paragraph: Jason Schuler

paragraph: Jason Schuler (born February 24, 1972 in Cambridge, Wisconsin), is a former NASCAR driver. He ran select races from 2000–2004 in the Busch Series. He is currently building cars for JJ Fabrication, Inc. (formerly Pathfinder Chassis), the company he owns and operates along with Joe Wood in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin.

paragraph: Section::::Busch Series career.

paragraph: Schuler made his first starts in the Busch Series in 2000 when fellow Cambridge native Matt Kenseth offered him a ride in his No. 17 Visine Chevy for twelve races. Kenseth and Schuler were childhood friends. Schuler struggled, missing one race and only earning four top-20 finishes, leading to his release. Schuler's best finish on the year was 14th at Gateway (where he led two laps) and at NHIS.

paragraph: Schuler only made two starts in 2001, both for Buckshot Racing. Schuler finished 41st at Gateway and 35th at Pikes Peak in the No. 04 Georgia-Pacific vehicle.

paragraph: Schuler only ran five times in 2002, all for the Havill-Spoerl Racing team. However, the team did not finish any of the starts, and Schuler's best finish was a pair of 36ths.

paragraph: Schuler made the most races of his career in 2003, when Havill-Spoerl went full-time and Schuler made twenty-seven starts. His best run (and career finish) came at Nashville, where he finished 13th. In addition, Schuler added on two more top-twentys at Talladega and Gateway. At Pikes Peak, Schuler led eleven laps under caution before falling out in 28th. Schuler finished 28th in points, the highest he has ever ranked in NASCAR.

paragraph: Schuler began 2004 by making six starts for Davis Motorsports and the No. 10 Chevy. Schuler finished four of those starts and had a best finish of 27th at North Carolina Speedway. He also made a start for Allen Racing at the Milwaukee Mile, where he finished 42nd.

paragraph: Section::::Life after racing.

paragraph: Schuler bought Pathfinder Chassis / JJ Motorsports Racing in 2005 along with Jon Wood based on Kenseth's recommendation; they moved the race car manufacturing shop to Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. In 2010, he was crew chief for Ross Kenseth and Ty Majeski.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schuler's Career Stats

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fan site (old)

description: American racing driver

wikidata_label: Jason Schuler

wikipedia_title: Jason Schuler


text:
prelate
Kingdom of Hungary
Archbishop of Esztergom
Charles I of Hungary
Lodomer
Andrew III of Hungary
Szenttamás
Thomas Becket
Esztergom
University of Padua
canon law
theology
Padua
Rome
Stephen
Wenceslaus
Pope Boniface VIII
Holy See
king of Hungary
excommunication
Gregory Bicskei
Székesfehérvár
Upper Hungary
Párkány
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
Michael Bő
Esztergom
Pressburg
Ivan Kőszegi
Holy Crown of Hungary
Prague
Kőszegi
perpetual count
Esztergom County
excommunicated
Henry
Otto III, Duke of Bavaria
Pope Clement V
pallium
cathedral
Udvard
Komárom County
interdict
crusade
Vincent
Buda
even excommunicated
Pope Benedict XI
Illuminated Chronicle
Gentile Portino da Montefiore
Zagreb
Dominican
Pest
Ladislaus Kán
Church of Our Lady
Amadeus Aba
Dominic Rátót
Szeged
Matthew Csák
Berzence
Aba
Kassa
Stephen Kéki
Lőcse
Szepesség
banderium
Battle of Rozgony
Nagyszombat
Egyed Monoszló
Komárom
Tapolcsány
Ladislaus Jánki
Golden Bull of 1222
St Martin's Cathedral
Spišská Kapitula

categories: 1321 deaths,Archbishops of Esztergom,14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,University of Padua alumni,13th-century Hungarian people

paragraph: Thomas II, Archbishop of Esztergom

paragraph: Thomas (; died 1321) was a prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half of the 14th century. He was Archbishop of Esztergom between 1305 and 1321. He was a confidant of Charles I of Hungary, whom he has supported in his unification war against the provincial lords. He crowned Charles twice, in June 1309 and August 1310.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Thomas was born into an illustrious family. His maternal uncle was Lodomer, the Archbishop of Esztergom from 1279 to 1298, who was a loyal supporter of Andrew III of Hungary. Due to his uncle's influence and intervention, Thomas elevated into the provostry of Szenttamás (lit. "Saint Thomas" after Thomas Becket), which laid nearby Esztergom. Thereafter Lodomer sent his nephew to the University of Padua to learn canon law and theology. Thomas already resided in Padua on 3 June 1291, according to a university record. There he obtained the title of "magister". Returning home in 1293, he was appointed grand provost of Esztergom. Following Lodomer's death in January 1298, Thomas became an advocate of the claim of Charles of Anjou to the Hungarian throne.

paragraph: He was sent to Rome in early 1303, alongside other prelates with the leadership of Stephen, the Archbishop of Kalocsa, to represent the interests of Charles against the rival claimant Wenceslaus. As a result, Pope Boniface VIII, who regarded Hungary as a fief of the Holy See, declared Charles the lawful king of Hungary on 31 May 1303, and also threatened Wenceslaus with excommunication if he continued to style himself king of Hungary. Following the death of Gregory Bicskei, Thomas was elected provost of Székesfehérvár in the first half of 1304. He first appears in this capacity in a royal charter on 12 June 1304.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop.:Charles' partisan.

paragraph: In the summer of 1304, the Bohemian army invaded Upper Hungary and encamped at Párkány (present-day Štúrovo in Slovakia). There Wenceslaus II of Bohemia called upon Archbishop Michael Bő to crown his namesake son as king, but he refused the threat. Following that the Bohemian troops stormed Esztergom and looted its treasury, in addition to the destruction of diplomas and holy relics. Michael fled his archbishopric seat for Pressburg (today Bratislava, Slovakia), where he died soon around September. The negotiations with the local lords convinced Wenceslaus II that his son's position in Hungary had dramatically weakened. Accordingly, he decided to take his son back to Bohemia, who did not renounce Hungary and made Ivan Kőszegi governor before leaving for Bohemia in August. He even took the Holy Crown of Hungary with himself to Prague. Thereafter Esztergom was held by the Kőszegi troops. Residing in Székesfehérvár, the cathedral chapter of Esztergom elected Thomas as their new archbishop-in-exile sometimes before 17 February 1305. He also bore the title of perpetual count of Esztergom County, restoring the dignity for the archbishopric after five years. He excommunicated the Kőszegi brothers – Ivan and Henry – for their crimes against the burghers of Esztergom in July 1305. Wenceslaus who had succeeded his father in Bohemia renounced his claim to Hungary in favor of Otto III, Duke of Bavaria on 9 October 1305. Thomas unsuccessfully attempt to prevent his coronation with the Holy Crown in Székesfehérvár on 6 December 1305, which was performed by two bishops, although customary law authorized the Archbishop of Esztergom to perform the ceremony. Thereafter Thomas proclaimed the excommunication of Otto's followers, while Pope Clement V declared the invalidity of the coronation.

paragraph: Pope Clement confirmed Thomas' election and sent his "pallium" on 31 January 1306. Prior to this, Thomas borrowed a lot of money to achieve this goal. Otto was never able to strengthen his position in Hungary, because only the Kőszegis supported him. Accompanying with Thomas and his troops, Charles seized Esztergom and many fortresses in the northern parts of Hungary (now in Slovakia) in the autumn of 1306. Thomas marched into his emptied seat with his army, which has been plundered and destroyed in recent years. Thomas borrowed money in 1307 to repair the cathedral, but renovation works lasted for decades, surpassing his archiepiscopal tenure. Thomas convoked a provincial synod to Udvard, Komárom County (present-day Dvory nad Žitavou, Slovakia) in May 1307. There, he renewed the excommunication of those barons, clergymen and towns, who did not acknowledge Charles as their king. Thomas called all the subjects of the realm to obey the king's commandments, otherwise he was ready to place the whole kingdom under interdict and launch a crusade against the treacherous barons. An assembly of Charles' partisans confirmed Charles' claim to the throne on 10 October 1307, and authorized archbishops Thomas and Vincent to excommunicate those who raise objections to the decision. After Charles' partisans occupied Buda in June 1307, Thomas captured and imprisoned those local pro-Wenceslaus clergymen, who even excommunicated Pope Benedict XI prior to that. The priests died in his prison, according to the "Illuminated Chronicle". Pope Clement V sent his papal legate, Gentile Portino da Montefiore, to Hungary. Charles I and Thomas welcomed him in Zagreb, when he arrived in the summer of 1308.

paragraph: Thomas presided that general diet in the presence of Gentile in the Dominican monastery of Pest on 27 November 1308, which elected Charles king. Gentile and Thomas convoked the synod of the Hungarian prelates, who declared the monarch inviolable in December 1308. In preparation for the coronation, they also urged the Transylvanian oligarch Ladislaus Kán, who captured Otto, to hand over the Holy Crown to Charles, but he refused to do so. As a result, Thomas crowned Charles king with a newly prepared and consecrated crown in the Church of Our Lady in Buda on 15 or 16 June 1309. However, most Hungarians regarded the cerenomy invalid. After that Gentile excommunicated Ladislaus Kán. Thereafter Thomas, alongside Amadeus Aba and Dominic Rátót, negotiated with the voivode in Szeged on 8 April 1310, on the conditions of return of the crown. Ladislaus Kán finally agreed to give the Holy Crown to Charles. On 27 August 1310, Archbishop Thomas put the Holy Crown on Charles' head in Székesfehérvár; thus, Charles' third coronation was performed in full accordance with customary law.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop.:Unification war.

paragraph: Despite his valid coronation, Charles' rule remained nominal in most parts of his kingdom. For instance, the most powerful oligarch Matthew Csák continued to expand the borders of his domains and occupied several castles in the northern part of the kingdom. He surprisingly laid siege Buda in June 1311, then Charles sent an army to invade Matthew Csák's domains in September, but it achieved nothing. Thereafter the oligarch constantly pillaged the possessions of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. One of its castles, Berzence (present-day Tekovská Breznica, Slovakia) was seized and destroyed by digging a tunnel under the castle walls in late 1311. Matthew Csák caused a damage of 15,000 marks to the archdiocese during these attacks. The oligarch threatened to besiege Esztergom in the spring of 1312; as Charles I dealt with the neutralization of the Aba dominion, Thomas was forced to ask for peace from Matthew and abandoned most of the claims for damages in early March. Meanwhile, Thomas was also active in the case of the Aba dominion: after the burghers of Kassa (now Košice in Slovakia) assassinated Amadeus Aba in September 1311, Charles sent his two envoys, Thomas and Stephen Kéki to the province, where they arbitrated an agreement between Amadeus' widow and sons and the town, which also prescribed that the Abas withdraw from two counties and allow the noblemen inhabiting their domains to freely join Charles. Thereafter Thomas resided in Lőcse (today Levoča, Slovakia) until January 1312, where he negotiated with the Abas about the transfer of three castles in Szepesség (Spiš) region. However, the Abas soon entered into an alliance with Matthew Csák against the king. Alongside other lords and prelates, Thomas participated with his banderium in the royal campaign, which consisted of successful sieges and the decisive Battle of Rozgony in the summer of 1312. Thomas was also present, when Charles' army captured Nagyszombat (today Trnava, Slovakia) from Matthew Csák in early 1313. There lying on his deathbed, an elderly baron and soldier Egyed Monoszló made his final testament at the local Franciscan friary, and Thomas presented the document on 11 March. Thomas also took part in the 1317 war against Matthew Csák. After the capture of Komárom (now Komárno in Slovakia) on 3 November 1317, Charles concluded a short-lived peace with the oligarch. One of the proofs of this is that Thomas issued a charter in Tapolcsány (present-day Topoľčany, Slovakia), the ancient land of the Csáks in August 1318.

paragraph: However, Thomas strongly opposed the peace with Matthew Csák. After Charles neglected to reclaim Church property that Matthew Csák had seized by force, the prelates of the realm – archbishops Thomas, Ladislaus Jánki and their eleven suffragans – made an alliance in early 1318 against all who would jeopardize their interests. Upon their demand, Charles held a Diet in summer, but refused to confirm the Golden Bull of 1222. Before the end of the year, the prelates made a complaint against Charles because he had taken possession of Church property. Despite the disagreements, Thomas remained a strong pillar of Charles' reign until his death in the first half of 1321. A wall-painting from 1317 in St Martin's Cathedral in Spišská Kapitula () depicts the 1310 coronation of Charles, including the figure of Thomas with the Holy Crown.

wikidata_label: Tomás de Estrigonia

wikipedia_title: Thomas II, Archbishop of Esztergom