text: Marshal of France

text: Seigneur

text: Offemont

text: jure uxoris

text: Breteuil

text: Nesle

text: Simon II of Clermont

text: Adele of Montfort

text: Amaury VI of Montfort

text: Marshal of France

text: Raoul of Clermont

text: Châteaudun

text: Nesle

text: Constable

text: Grand Chamberlain of France

text: The French King Philip "the fair"

text: Siege of Lille (1297)

text: Guyenne

text: Edward III of England

text: Robert II, Count of Artois

text: Franco-Flemish War (1297–1305)

text: County of Flanders

text: Battle of the Golden Spurs

text: Kortrijk

text: Seigneur

text: Saint-Bris

text: Thourotte

text: Dame

text: Offemont

text: Abbecourt

text: Seigneur

text: Offemont

text: Mello

text: jure uxoris

text: Thourotte

text: Philip VI

text: Grand Chamberlain of France

text: Grand Queux of France

text: Philip VI

text: Dame

text: La Roche-Guyon

text: La Roche-Guyon

text: Erquery

text: Guy II of Nesle

text: Mello

text: Marshal of France

text: Order of the Star

text: Battle of Mauron

text: Bruyères

text: Mailly

text: Marshal of France

text: Battle of Azincourt

text: Le Flamenc

text: Cany

text: Varesnes

text: Estouteville

text: Aussebosc

text: Wavrin

text: Saint-Venant

text: Dormans

text: Sauchoy

text: Goisaucourt

text: Cacheleu

text: Montmorency

text: Beausault

text: Breteuil-en-Beauvaisis

text: La Falaise

text: La Tournelle

text: Hellande

text: Lamberville

text: Bishop of Beauvais

text: Raigneval

text: Maraucourt

text: Trosnay

text: Abbess

text: Fontevrault

text: Châtelain

text: Nesle

text: Harcourt

text: La Ferté-Imbault

text: Domart-sur-la-Luce

text: Quinquampoix

text: Hoppelaincourt

text: treasurer

text: Cathedral of Beauvais

text: Bertrand VI of Moreuil

text: Seigneur

text: Moreuil

text: Cœuvres

text: Marshal of France

text: Grand Queux of France

text: Soissons

text: Croëy

text: Picquigny

text: Chérisy

text: Quierzy

text: Muret

text: Busancy

text: Beausault

text: Guy III de Roye

text: Bishop of Verdun

text: Béthune

text: Saint-Dizier

text: Vignory

text: L’Ecluse

text: Saint-Dizier

text: Eureville

text: Humbécourt

text: Aurainville

text: Matthias II, Duke of Lorraine

text: Salins

text: Bar

text: Pierrepont

text: Pierrepont

text: Theobald II, Count of Bar

text: Lorraine

text: Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine

text: Veuilly

text: Montenois

text: Châtillon-sur-Marne

text: Gandelu

text: Dury

text: Noviant-au-Pré

text: Simon II of Clermont

text: Montgobert

text: Thorigny

text: Ablancourt

text: Bichancourt

text: Tartigny

text: Chambly

text: Montgobert

text: Ablancourt

text: Fay-aux-Loges

text: Sotteville-en-Caux

text: Viarmes

text: Paillart

text: Boves

text: Jean I of Clermont

text: Chantilly

text: Villemomble

text: Marshal of France

text: Guy II

text: Chef-Boutonne

text: viscountess

text: Aulnay

text: La Vacquerie

text: Le Bouteiller de Senlis

text: Montmélian

text: Moucy-Le-Neuf

text: Fay-aux-Loges

text: Menou

text: Battle of Poitiers

text: Jean II "the good"

text: Beausault

text: Dargies

text: Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis

text: Louis I, Count of Blois

text: Theobald VI, Count of Blois

text: Simon II of Clermont

categories: 14th-century French people,Lords of France,Year of birth uncertain,13th-century French people,Jure uxoris officeholders,Medieval French nobility,House of Clermont-Nesle,1302 deaths,French military personnel killed in action,Marshals of France,13th-century births

paragraph: Guy I of Clermont

paragraph: Guy I of Clermont-Nesle (c. 1255 – July 11, 1302) was a Marshal of France, Seigneur (Lord) of Offemont "jure uxoris", and possibly of Ailly, Maulette and Breteuil. He might have been a Seigneur of Nesle also, or used the title "Sire of Nesle" due to his family. Difficulties about the seigneurie of Breteuil are present, and the status of Ailly and Maulette in relation to Breteuil.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Guy was the youngest son of Simon II of Clermont (c. 1216 – 1286) by Adele of Montfort (d. 1279), daughter of Amaury VI of Montfort. He had three brothers and at least one sister, whose son was the famous Robert VIII Bertrand , also Marshal of France.

paragraph: In 1296 he became Marshal of France, when his elder brother Raoul of Clermont, Viscount of Châteaudun and Seigneur of Nesle was already the Constable and Grand Chamberlain of France. The French King Philip "the fair" (1268–1314) sent the two brothers to attack the enemy at the Siege of Lille (1297), where they were victorious and took a large number of prisoners. Some descendant to Guy is said have assisted in the conquest of Guyenne by Philip's grandson King Edward III of England (1312–1377).

paragraph: Together with his brother, under Robert II, Count of Artois as commander, he fought in the Franco-Flemish War (1297–1305) against the County of Flanders. In 1302 in the Battle of the Golden Spurs at Kortrijk, the French army was utterly defeated, all three killed and the Flemish regained independence.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Guy married firstly c. 1268 Marguerite, a daughter probably of Guillaume or Dreux (d. 1249) , Seigneur of Saint-Bris. She was anyway a descendant of Dreux IV of Mello sr. (1137/38 – 1218), but the exact family relations are very difficult to determine.

paragraph: Secondly, in c. 1285, he married Marguerite of Thourotte, Dame of Offemont and Thourotte, daughter of Ansould II of Thourotte (d. c. 1294) and Jeanne (of Abbecourt?). They had five probable children with descendants:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean I of Nesle-Offémont (c. 1285 – 1356), Seigneur of Offemont, Mello ("jure uxoris" or inheritance from Marguerite of Mello?) and partly Thourotte. Governor of Coucy. Jean was a counsellor of King Philip VI, Grand Chamberlain of France and Grand Queux of France from 1345. In 1347 he was appointed executor of the testament of King Philip VI. He married b.1320 Marguerite, Dame of Mello. About 1326 he married Marguerite of La Roche-Guyon (c. 1309 – c. 1342), Dame of Vaux, granddaughter of Robert of La Roche-Guyon, Seigneur of Vaux . (These two wives may actually be the same person, and at least one more wife is mentioned, Béatrice of Erquery.) Jean fathered at least the following three:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy II of Nesle (c. 1327 – 1352), Seigneur of Mello, Marshal of France, co-founder of the Order of the Star, fell in the battle of Battle of Mauron as the French commander. Guy married Jeanne of Bruyères. They had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean II of Nesle (1343–1388), married Adèle of Mailly, Dame of Acheux. They had Guy III of Nesle, Marshal of France who was killed in the Battle of Azincourt 1415.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis-Offemont, married to Raoul VIII Le Flamenc , Seigneur of Cany and Varesnes, son of Raoul VII Le Flamenc. They had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis-Offemont, married to Colart of Estouteville, Seigneur of Aussebosc and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guillaume I (1332?–1356). Married Alix of Wavrin and had two known children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis-Offemont (d. 1378), Seigneur of Saint-Venant, married Ide of Dormans, Dame of Flory and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guillaume II of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis-Offemont (1350–1407), Seigneur of Sauchoy, married Mahaut, Dame of Goisaucourt and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabeau/Isabelle of Nesle-Clermont-en-Beauvaisis-Offemont (d. c. 1373/77), Dame of Plessis-Cacheleu, married 1350 to Jean of Montmorency (d. c. 1373), Seigneur of Beausault, Breteuil-en-Beauvaisis , La Falaise and La Tournelle. Their children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne of Montmorency, married 1380 to Robin/Robert, seigneur of Hellande and Lamberville, and had Guillaume of Hellande (d. 1462), Bishop of Beauvais. Secondly she married Jean of Raigneval, Seigneur of Maraucourt and Trosnay.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite (d. 1434), Abbess of Fontevrault.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugues de Montmorency (d. 1404), Seigneur of Breteuil-en-Beauvaisis, Beaussault, La Falaise, La Tournelle, Châtelain of Nesle and a counsellor of the king. Hugues married Jeanne Blanche of Harcourt, Dame of La Ferté-Imbault, daughter of Guillaume of La Ferté-Imbault. They had about eight children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre, Seigneur of Plessis-Cacheleu. Married firstly Marguerite, Dame of Domart-sur-la-Luce and secondly Marie of Quinquampoix, Dame of Hoppelaincourt. He had at least one daughter, Jeanne of Plessis-Cacheleu (d. 1469).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antoine, 1417 treasurer of the Cathedral of Beauvais.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahaut of Clermont-Nesle, married c. 1320 to Bertrand VI of Moreuil (d. a. 1350), Seigneur of Moreuil and Cœuvres, in 1322 ? made Marshal of France and later Grand Queux of France. One of their children was:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite of Soissons, Dame of Moreuil, married 1287 to Jacques I of Croëy. They had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacques II of Croëy, married Marie of Picquigny and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Péronne/Petronille of Clermont-Nesle (c. 1290 – c. 1320), married c. 1320 to Jean of Chérisy-Quierzy, Seigneur of Muret and Busancy. They had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne of Chérisy, married c. 1345 to Mathieu IV of Roye, Seigneur of Beausault and Busancy. They bore:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy III de Roye (c. 1340 – 1409), Bishop of Verdun.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean of Roye (d. 1396), married Jeanne of Béthune, and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alix of Clermont-Nesle (c. 1300 – a. 1337), married c.1319 to Jean II of Dampierre (d. a. 1337), Seigneur of Saint-Dizier, Vignory and L’Ecluse, son of Guillaume ("William") IV of Dampierre (1258 – a. 1314), Seigneur of Saint-Dizier, Eureville, Humbécourt and Aurainville, son of Laura of Lorraine and grandson of Matthias II, Duke of Lorraine. Jean's mother was Marie of Aspremont, daughter of Geoffroi III, Sire of Aspremont (or less likely Guilaume's first wife, Jeanne of Salins, daughter of Étienne and granddaughter of Jean "the old" of Châlon, Sire of Salins). Alix and Jean had three known children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean (d. 1367/73), Seigneur of Saint-Dizier and Vignory. Married b. 1334 Marie of Bar-Pierrepont, daughter of Erard of Bar (d. 1335), Seigneur of Pierrepont, son of Theobald II, Count of Bar, and her mother was Isabelle of Lorraine, daughter of Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine. Jean and Marie had about six children, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edouard of Saint-Dizier (d. 1401), Seigneur de Saint-Dizier, de Vignory and Veuilly.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabelle (d. 1371), Dame of Montenois ? Married Jean of Châtillon-sur-Marne (d. a. 1377), Seigneur of Gandelus and Dury, a son of Guillaume IV of Dampierre (1258 – a. 1314).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne, married to Jean le Mercier, Seigneur of Noviant-au-Pré. They had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guillemette le Mercier, married to Renaud of Coucy and had issue.

paragraph: A possible son, a probable alternative is that his cousin Jean of Tartigny, son of Raoul (II) of Tartigny (d. a. 1243), a brother of Simon II of Clermont, was the father:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raoul IV of Clermont-Nesle (c. 1285 – 1321), Seigneur of Montgobert, Thorigny, Ablancourt, Bichancourt and Tartigny. Seigneur of Breteuil/Beausault ? (See note below). Raoul married b. 1310 Jeanne of Chambly (d. a. 1371), Dame of Montgobert, Ablancourt, Fay-aux-Loges and Sotteville-en-Caux, owner of 17 castles, daughter of Pierre VII of Chambly , Seigneur of Viarmes and Thorigny, son of Pierre VI of Chambly (their genealogy is disputed). They had presumably the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raoul V of Clermont (c. 1310 – b. 1354), Seigneur of Thorigny and Paillart. Married Isabelle of Boves-Coucy, Dame of Paillart and Tartigny, daughter of Jean of Boves-Coucy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean I of Clermont aka "Tristan" (c. 1320 – 1356), Seigneur of Chantilly, Villemomble and Beaumont, Marshal of France from 1352 (when his cousin Guy II had died). Married Margalide (Marguerite) of Mortagne and Chef-Boutonne, viscountess of Aulnay, daughter of Pons/François, viscount of Aulnay, Seigneur of Mortagne. Possibly also married to Jacqueline Quiéret of La Vacquerie.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne of Clermont (d. a. 1342), Married Guillaume IV/V Le Bouteiller de Senlis , Seigneur of Chantilly, Montmélian and Moucy-Le-Neuf, without issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert of Clermont (d. 1358), Seigneur of Beaumont. No issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert of Clermont (d. 1371), Seigneur of Fay-aux-Loges and Sotteville-en-Caux. No issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite of Clermont (b. 1320), Dame of Montgobert. Married Nicolas III, Seigneur of Menou (1305–1356). Issue unknown.

paragraph: Guillaume I and Jean I died in the disastrous Battle of Poitiers on 19 September 1356, where the French King Jean II "the good" was taken captive together with his son.

paragraph: Note:

paragraph: The property of Breteuil had been inherited from Valeran III to his eldest daughter Alix, married to Count Raoul "the red" , and then the youngest, Amicie. When Amicie died in 1226, there seems to have been no obvious legitimate heir and the property went to the French Crown. The same year the property was redeemed with 3000 pounds by "Clémence, wife of Simon of Beausault, and Jeanne of Dargies", assumed to be sisters, in accordance to a previous agreement between Amicie and the king. They are assumed to be relatives within the Clermont family, possibly daughters of Amicie's sister Mathilde or even Amicie herself.

paragraph: The connection with later Seigneurs like presumably Simon, Guy and Raoul is not clear. Several suggestions have been made to resolve the question. Also which distinction should be made between the titles Seigneur of Beausault or Breteuil in this context, and some heir can have one title and others the other in the genealogy. The property may have been divided or the title may have been used honorifically. Another possibility is that either the attribution of Seigneurs of Breteuil to the line of Guy I, or the family relationship is wrong. The Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis belonged to this house of Clermont until the death of Raoul I "the red" in 1191. His daughter Catherine married Louis I, Count of Blois and their son Theobald VI, Count of Blois sold the County of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis to the French Crown in 1218.

paragraph: however links have shown of the house of Clermont engaging in marriage the Bellacors of Bath, showing the family have survived the generations

paragraph: For more about this problem, see Simon II of Clermont.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family tree of Clermont-Beauvaisis-Nesle

paragraph: "       This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia."

description: Lord of Breteuil and Offemont and a Marshal of France

wikidata_label: Guy I of Clermont

wikipedia_title: Guy I of Clermont


text: cardinal

text: Catholic Church

text: Roman Curia

text: Sovereign Military Order of Malta

text: Ricaldone

text: Province of Alessandria

text: Diocese of Acqui

text: Turin

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: canon law

text: Università Cattolica Milano

text: moral theology

text: Secretariat of State

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: Titular Archbishop

text: Sutrium

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Saint Peter's Basilica

text: Pope John XXIII

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Santos Abril y Castelló

text: Sovereign Military Order of Malta

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Cardinal-Deacon

text: Congregation for the Causes of Saints

text: Pontifical Council for the Laity

text: cardinal electors

text: 2013 papal conclave

text: Pope Francis

text: Bertone

text: Gemelli University Hospital

categories: Diplomats of the Holy See,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic,Italian cardinals,1934 births,People from the Province of Alessandria,Italian titular archbishops,2019 deaths,Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore alumni,Members of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life

paragraph: Paolo Sardi

paragraph: Paolo Sardi (1 September 1934 – 13 July 2019) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the Roman Curia. He was patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 2009 to 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and priesthood.

paragraph: Sardi was born in Ricaldone, Province of Alessandria; his father was a farmer and his mother a schoolteacher. He studied at the local seminary of the Diocese of Acqui and then in Turin and Rome, where he earned a licenciate in theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University in 1958. Sardi was ordained a priest on 29 June 1958.

paragraph: He graduated in canon law from the Gregorian in 1963 and completed a degree in jurisprudence at the Università Cattolica Milano in 1968. He taught moral theology in Turin until 1976, when he began his career in the Roman Curia, working in the Secretariat of State. In 1990, he was made manager of its Office of General Affairs. In 1992 he was appointed Vice Councillor for General Affairs.

paragraph: Section::::Curial career.

paragraph: On 10 December 1996 given the title Apostolic Nuncio with special responsibilities and appointed Titular Archbishop of Sutrium by Pope John Paul II. Sardi coordinated the Vatican office that writes and edits the pope's texts and addresses. On 6 January 1997, Pope John Paul consecrated him an archbishop in Saint Peter's Basilica. Among his pastoral duties while at the Secretariat, he for many years said Mass daily at the tomb of Pope John XXIII in St. Peter's. Sardi would serve as the speechwriter for John Paul II as well.

paragraph: On 23 October 2004, Pope John Paul II appointed him Vice Camerlengo (chamberlain) of the Holy Roman Church. In this position he was one of a small number of Vatican officials to visit Pope John Paul in his last days. He held that post until Santos Abril y Castelló was named to replace him on 22 January 2011. The role of vice camerlengo was in addition to his duties at the Secretariat; he complained to Pope Benedict about poor management there in 2009 and joked that, "I'm trying to see in these situations (which, to tell the truth, are numerous) the benevolent intervention of Providence, that wants to prepare me to leave the Secretariat without regrets".

paragraph: He was appointed Pro-Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta on 6 June 2009. On 30 November 2010, after he became a cardinal, his title changed from Pro-Patron to Patron of the Order of Malta. He held that position until 8 November 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Cardinal.

paragraph: On 20 November 2010, Pope Benedict XVI created him Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana.

paragraph: On 29 December 2010 he was appointed a member of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and for Societies of Apostolic Life; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints; and the Pontifical Council for the Laity. To this Pope Benedict added membership in the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura on 31 May 2011.

paragraph: He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis. One analysis of Vatican politics following that conclave described Sardi as "one of [Cardinal Tarcisio] Bertone's political adversaries within the Curia". In 2009 Sardi had complained to Pope Benedict about Vatican mismanagement when Bertone as Secretary of State was the Curia's most powerful figure, writing to Benedict that "For some time in various parts of the church, including among people extremely faithful to it, critical voices have been raised about the lack of coordination and confusion which reigns at its center".

paragraph: Sardi died in Rome's Gemelli University Hospital after a brief illness on 13 July 2019 at the age of 84. Bertone led his concelebrated funeral Mass in St. Peter's on 15 July; Pope Francis delivered the final commendation and blessing.

description: Italin cardinal

wikidata_label: Paolo Sardi

wikipedia_title: Paolo Sardi


text:
American football
free safety
Washington Redskins
National Football League
college football
Michigan State
2017 NFL Draft
Gateway High School
Monroeville, Pennsylvania
basketball
track and field
PIAA
110 hurdles
400-meter relay
60-meter indoor hurdles
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
Rivals.com
Florida State
Oregon
Pittsburgh
Virginia Tech
Michigan State University
Washington Redskins
2017 NFL Draft
$
signing bonus
Will Blackmon
Deshazor Everett
Earl Wolff
Josh Evans
Stefan McClure
Fish Smithson
Jay Gruden
Su'a Cravens
Washington Redskins'
Philadelphia Eagles
Los Angeles Rams
Greg Manusky
Derek Carr
Oakland Raiders
San Francisco 49er
concussion
Pierre Garcon
New York Giants
D. J. Swearinger
Ha-Ha Clinton-Dix
Michigan State bio
Washington Redskins bio

categories: Sportspeople from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area,African-American players of American football,People from Monroeville, Pennsylvania,1995 births,American football safeties,Players of American football from Pennsylvania,Living people,Michigan State Spartans football players

paragraph: Montae Nicholson

paragraph: Montae Nicholson (born December 4, 1995) is an American football free safety for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Michigan State, and was drafted by the Redskins in the fourth round of the 2017 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Nicholson attended Gateway High School in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, where he starred in football, basketball and track and field. His senior year, Nicholson won PIAA gold medals in the 110 hurdles and 400-meter relay along with the state's 60-meter indoor hurdles title. He was named the "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review" Male Athlete of the Year.

paragraph: Regarded as a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Nicholson was ranked as the No. 13 safety prospect in the class of 2014. He chose Michigan State over offers from Florida State, Oregon, Pittsburgh, and Virginia Tech.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Nicholson attended Michigan State University.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: The Washington Redskins selected Nicholson in the fourth round (123rd overall) of the 2017 NFL Draft. He was the 15th safety selected in 2017.

paragraph: On May 11, 2017, the Washington Redskins signed Nicholson to a four-year, $3.01 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $618,892.

paragraph: Throughout training camp, he competed for the job as a backup safety against Will Blackmon, Deshazor Everett, Earl Wolff, Josh Evans, Stefan McClure, and Fish Smithson. Head coach Jay Gruden named him the backup strong safety, behind Deshazor Everett, to begin the regular season after the original starting strong safety, Su'a Cravens, announced his decision to retire a week before their season-opener.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut in the Washington Redskins' season-opening 30–17 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. On September 17, 2017, Nicholson earned his first career start and made two solo tackles in the Redskins' 27–20 victory at the Los Angeles Rams in Week 2. Defensive coordinator Greg Manusky opted to use Nicholson in nickel packages and Everett in base formations.

paragraph: In Week 3, Nicholson recorded a solo tackle, a pass deflection, and made his first career interception off a pass by Derek Carr during a 27–10 victory against the Oakland Raiders. On October 15, 2017, he recorded a season-high six combined tackles and broke up a pass, but left in the second quarter of the Redskins' 26–24 win against the San Francisco 49er after sustaining a concussion. His concussion occurred in the last 45 seconds of the half after Nicholson attempted to tackle wide receiver Pierre Garcon, but lowered shoulder and took a blow directly to his head that knocked off his helmet and rendered him unconscious. His concussion sidelined him for the next two games (Weeks 9–10). On November 18, 2017, he made four solo tackles before leaving in the third quarter of the Redskins' 20–10 victory against the New York Giants after receiving another concussion. On December 19, 2017, the Washington Redskins placed Nicholson on injured reserve for the last six games of the regular season. He finished his rookie season with 24 combined tackles (18 solo), two pass deflections, and an interception in eight games and six starts.

paragraph: Nicholson entered the 2018 season as the Redskins starting free safety alongside strong safety D. J. Swearinger. He started the first seven games before losing the starting job in Week 9 after the Redskins traded for Ha-Ha Clinton-Dix. He was placed on the reserve/NFI list on December 19, 2018 following an assault and battery arrest.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On December 18, 2018, Nicholson was arrested and charged with public swearing, intoxication, and misdemeanor assault in Ashburn, Virginia. The charges were dropped in May 2019.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michigan State bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington Redskins bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Montae Nicholson

wikipedia_title: Montae Nicholson


text:
American football
safety
Atlanta Falcons
National Football League
San Diego State
2017 Senior Bowl
Cleveland Browns'
Hue Jackson's
NFL Scouting Combine
Indianapolis, Indiana
three-cone drill
San Diego State's Pro Day
Los Angeles Chargers'
Gus Bradley
Atlanta Falcons
2017 NFL Draft
$
contract
signing bonus
Brian Poole
Dan Quinn
Ricardo Allen
Atlanta Falcons'
Chicago Bears
concussion
Buffalo Bills
Keanu Neal
Carolina Panthers
Cam Newton
Kyle Fuller
Xavien Howard
Atlanta Falcons bio
San Diego Aztecs bio

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,San Diego State Aztecs football players,Players of American football from California,American football safeties,American football cornerbacks,1993 births,Living people

paragraph: Damontae Kazee

paragraph: Damontae Kazee (born June 5, 1993) is an American football safety for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He graduated from Cajon High School in San Bernardino, California in 2012. He played college football at San Diego State.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On November 14, 2016, it was announced that Kazee accepted his invitation to appear in the 2017 Senior Bowl. On January 28, 2017, Kazee appeared in the Senior Bowl and helped Cleveland Browns' head coach Hue Jackson's South team defeat the North 16–15. His overall performance impressed scouts and raised his draft stock. He was one of 35 collegiate cornerbacks to receive an invitation to the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana. He performed the majority of combine drills, but opted to skip the short shuttle and three-cone drill. On March 23, 2017, Kazee attended San Diego State's Pro Day, but opted to stand on his combine numbers and performed positional drills, the short shuttle, and three-cone drills for scouts and team representatives from 29 NFL teams that attended, including Los Angeles Chargers' defensive coordinator Gus Bradley. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Kazee was projected to be a fourth or fifth round pick by the majority of NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the 22nd best cornerback prospect in the draft by NFLDraftScout.com.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017.

paragraph: The Atlanta Falcons selected Kazee in the fifth round (149th overall) of the 2017 NFL Draft.

paragraph: On May 9, 2017, the Atlanta Falcons signed Kazee to a four-year, $2.68 million contract with a signing bonus of $288,922.

paragraph: Kazee entered training camp competing against Brian Poole for the starting nickel back role. Head coach Dan Quinn opted to transition him to free safety in July and Kazee showed promise throughout training camp in his new role. He was named the backup free safety to Ricardo Allen to start the season.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut in the Atlanta Falcons' season-opener at the Chicago Bears and made two solo tackles and forced a fumble in their 23–17 victory. On October 1, 2017, Kazee earned his first career start after Ricardo Allen was unable to play after suffering a concussion the previous week. He finished the Falcons' 23–17 loss to the Buffalo Bills with a season-high nine combined tackles and a forced fumble. He finished the season with 23 combined tackles (14 solo) and two forced fumbles in one start and 16 games.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2018.

paragraph: Kazee entered the 2018 season as the backup strong safety to Keanu Neal. He was named the starter following a season-ending injury to Neal in Week 1. During Week 2 against the Carolina Panthers, Kazee was ejected for making a helmet-to-helmet hit on Cam Newton. Nevertheless, the Falcons won 31-24. In Week 3, he recorded a season-high 10 combined tackles and an interception. Kazee ended the 2018 season third on the team with 82 combined tackles, and tied for the league lead with seven interceptions with Kyle Fuller and Xavien Howard.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atlanta Falcons bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Diego Aztecs bio

description: NFL safety

wikidata_label: Damontae Kazee

wikipedia_title: Damontae Kazee


text:
American football
tight end
Atlanta Falcons
National Football League
college football
Drake
2017 East–West Shrine Game
Mike Mayock
East–West Shrine Game
2017 Senior Bowl
Cleveland Browns'
Hue Jackson's
O. J. Howard
David Njoku
Gerald Everett
NFL Scouting Combine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Cincinnati Bengals'
Jonathan Hayes
CBS Sports
Atlanta Falcons
2017 NFL Draft
Pat Dunsmore
1983 NFL Draft
signing bonus
Jacob Tamme
Austin Hooper
Levine Toilolo
Dan Quinn
Atlanta Falcons'
Chicago Bears
Atlanta Falcons bio
Drake Bulldogs bio

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,Sportspeople from Cook County, Illinois,Players of American football from Illinois,People from Hoffman Estates, Illinois,American football tight ends,1994 births,Living people,Drake Bulldogs football players

paragraph: Eric Saubert

paragraph: Eric Saubert (born May 9, 1994) is an American football tight end for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Drake.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On December 5, 2016, it was announced that Saubert had accepted an invitation to play in the 2017 East–West Shrine Game. He impressed scouts and analysts throughout practices for the Shrine Game, displaying his athleticism, receiving ability, and received praises from multiple media members, including NFL analyst Mike Mayock. On January 21, 2017, Saubert played in the East–West Shrine Game and was part of an East team that lost 10–3 to the West. Unfortunately, he was unable to record a reception although he was targeted twice. On January 26, 2017, it was announced that Saubert would be a late addition to play in the 2017 Senior Bowl. He Attended two days later and was a part of Cleveland Browns' head coach Hue Jackson's South team that defeated the North 16-15. He was unable to record a reception with top draft prospects O. J. Howard, David Njoku, and Gerald Everett on his team and only having a day of practice. Saubert was one of 19 collegiate tight ends to receive an invitation to the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana. He tied for second amongst his position group in the bench press, fifth in the broad jump, and eighth in the vertical jump and opted to only perform those drills. On March 28, 2017, Saubert attended Iowa State's pro day and performed all of the combine drills and positional drills. He ran receiving drills with Cincinnati Bengals' tight ends coach Jonathan Hayes for the 33 team representatives and scouts who attended from 22 NFL teams. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Saubert was projected to be a fifth or sixth round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked the 12th best tight end prospect in the draft by CBS Sports and was ranked the 13th best tight end by NFLDraftScout.com.

paragraph: The Atlanta Falcons selected Saubert in the fifth round (174th overall) of the 2017 NFL Draft. He was the first player selected from Drake since Pat Dunsmore was selected in the fourth round (183rd overall) of the 1983 NFL Draft. Saubert was also the 12th tight end drafted in 2017 and was the 20th player drafted in Drake University history.

paragraph: On May 11, 2017, the Atlanta Falcons signed Saubert to a four-year, $2.62 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $227,388.

paragraph: With the departure of Jacob Tamme in free agency, Saubert competed for the starting tight end job throughout training camp, against Austin Hooper and Levine Toilolo. Head coach Dan Quinn named him the third string tight end to begin the regular season.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut in the Atlanta Falcons' season-opening 23-17 victory at the Chicago Bears. He played in 14 games his rookie year but did not record any statistics.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atlanta Falcons bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drake Bulldogs bio

description: NFL tight end

wikidata_label: Eric Saubert

wikipedia_title: Eric Saubert


text:
American football
running back
Green Bay Packers
National Football League
University of Texas at El Paso
high school football
Burges High School
El Paso, Texas
247Sports.com
UTEP Miners
Sean Kugler
New Mexico
Rice
New Mexico
Texas Tech
New Mexico State
North Texas
Middle Tennessee State
New Mexico State
Old Dominion
Florida Atlantic
North Texas
Fred Wendt
Green Bay Packers
2017 NFL Draft
Ty Montgomery
Jamaal Williams
Thursday Night Football
Chicago Bears
Dallas Cowboys
New Orleans Saints
Washington Redskins
Buffalo Bills
Miami Dolphins
Seattle
Minnesota Vikings
no contest
UTEP Miners bio
Green Bay Packers bio

categories: Sportspeople from Savannah, Georgia,Green Bay Packers players,Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state),1994 births,Sportspeople from El Paso, Texas,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Aaron Jones (running back)

paragraph: Aaron LaRae Jones (born December 2, 1994) is an American football running back for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Texas at El Paso.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Jones attended and played high school football for Burges High School in El Paso, Texas. He had a three-star composite rating from 247Sports.com.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Jones attended and played college football for the UTEP Miners from 2013–2016 under head coach Sean Kugler.

paragraph: As a freshman, Jones played in nine games. In his collegiate debut, against New Mexico, he had 11 carries for 127 yards and two rushing touchdowns. On October 26, against Rice, he had a season-high 186 rushing yards. Overall, he finished the 2013 season with 811 rushing yards, four rushing touchdowns, and four receptions for 14 yards.

paragraph: As a sophomore, Jones played in 12 games. He started the 2014 season off with three strong performances. In the season opener, he had 237 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns in a victory at New Mexico. In the next game, a loss to Texas Tech, he had 144 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. One week later, against New Mexico State, he had 168 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. On November 15, against North Texas, he had 177 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the win. On November 29, against Middle Tennessee State, he had 147 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown to go along with a 72-yard touchdown reception in the victory. Overall, in the 2014 season, he finished with 1,321 rushing yards (then fourth in school history), 11 rushing touchdowns, 30 receptions, 293 receiving yards, and three receiving touchdowns.

paragraph: As a junior, Jones played in only two games due to suffering an ankle injury early in the season. On the year, he finished with 209 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown, 106 receiving yards, and one receiving touchdown. 91 of those came on the longest rushing play in school history against Texas Tech.

paragraph: As a senior, Jones played in 12 games. In his first game back from the ankle injury, he had 249 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in a win over New Mexico State, then the third-most in school history. On October 29, against Old Dominion, he threw a three-yard passing touchdown in the loss. In the next game against Houston Baptist, he had 228 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. He followed that up with 229 rushing yards and two more rushing touchdowns in a loss at Florida Atlantic. In his finale collegiate game, a win over North Texas, he had 301 rushing yards and four rushing touchdowns, second only to Fred Wendt's 326 yards in 1948 in school history. Overall, he finished his final collegiate season with 1,773 rushing yards, 17 rushing touchdowns, 28 receptions, 233 receiving yards, three receiving touchdowns, and one passing touchdown.

paragraph: This made Jones one of the most prolific players in UTEP Miner's history. In terms of rushing yards, he had five of the school's top 12 games, and school-records of 17 games with 100+ yards rushing, and five with 200+ yards. He holds the record for most rushing yards in a career (4,114), season (1,773; also fifth his sophomore year), and career yards per game (117.5) including the 2nd- and 6th-best seasons in school history (147.8 in 2016; 110.1 in 2014). He is second all-time with 33 rushing touchdowns, including the school's 3rd- and 7th-best seasons (17 in 2016; 11 in 2014). His 4,760 career all-purpose yards and 136.0 per game average are both second all-time, and included the school's fourth and eight-best seasons. He has three of the school's 10 longest rushing plays, including the record 91-yarder from his short junior season. His 240 career points scored is 4th all time, and 2nd among non-kickers.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Jones was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round, 182nd overall, in the 2017 NFL Draft. He was the 19th running back selected in that year's draft. He was signed to a contract on May 5, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017 season: Rookie year.

paragraph: After injuries to Ty Montgomery and Jamaal Williams, Jones came into the "Thursday Night Football" game against the Chicago Bears in Week 4. In the game, he had 13 carries for 49 yards and his first career rushing touchdown. In Week 5 against the Dallas Cowboys, Jones tallied 19 carries for 125 yards. He also had one lone target, for a 9-yard gain. In the second quarter, Jones rushed up the middle for a seven-yard touchdown, which was the second touchdown of his career. In Week 7, against the New Orleans Saints, he had 17 carries for 131 yards and a touchdown. Overall, he finished his rookie season with 448 rushing yards (second on the team to fellow rookie Jamaal Williams, ninth among NFL rookies), a team-leading four rushing touchdowns, nine receptions, and 22 receiving yards.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2018 season.

paragraph: On July 3, 2018, Jones was suspended the first two games of the 2018 season for violating the NFL's Substance Abuse policy. On September 23, his first game back from his suspension, Jones rushed six times for 42 yards in a 31–17 loss to the Washington Redskins. The following week, in a 22–0 win over the Buffalo Bills, he had 11 rushes for 65 yards and a touchdown. He took over the starting duties in Week 6, though he continued to share carries with Williams and Montgomery. By Week 9, he had enough rushes to qualify for the NFL leaderboards, and took over the top spot in yards-per-rush at 6.02. On November 11, he had 15 carries for a career-high 145 yards and two rushing touchdowns in a 31–12 Week 10 victory over the Miami Dolphins. The following week, he caught his first NFL receiving touchdown and ran for another in a 24–27 loss to Seattle. In Week 12, he scored his fifth touchdown in three games en route to 93 total yards against the Minnesota Vikings. He suffered a knee injury in Week 15 and was placed on injured reserve on December 18, 2018. Overall, he finished the 2018 season with 728 rushing yards, eight rushing touchdowns, 26 receptions, 206 receiving yards, and one receiving touchdown.

paragraph: Section::::Legal troubles.

paragraph: On November 20, 2017, Jones was cited for a traffic stop, an incident that occurred on October 1. The day the incident occurred, Jones was speeding at 79 MPH at a 55 MPH speed limit, and had possession of marijuana. Jones was arrested and charged with operating with a restricted controlled substance, operating without a valid license, and speeding. Jones pleaded no contest to the charges and was fined for court costs and had his license suspended for six months.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- UTEP Miners bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green Bay Packers bio

description: American-football player (1994-)

wikidata_label: Aaron Jones

wikipedia_title: Aaron Jones (running back)


text:
American football
cornerback
Indianapolis Colts
National Football League
college football
Temple
2017 NFL Draft
2017 East-West Shrine Game
NFL Scouting Combine
Indianapolis
Indianapolis Colts
2017 NFL Draft
$
contract
signing bonus
Chuck Pagano
Vontae Davis
Rashaan Melvin
Quincy Wilson
Indianapolis Colts'
Los Angeles Rams
Carson Palmer
2017 Arizona Cardinals
Seattle Seahawks
Russell Wilson
San Francisco 49ers
quadriceps
Tennessee Titans
Marcus Mariota
Taywan Taylor
Denver Broncos
concussion
2017
Chuck Pagano
Philadelphia Eagles'
Frank Reich
Kenny Moore
Pierre Desir
Malik Hooker
Clayton Geathers
New England Patriots
Thursday Night Football
hamstring
Temple Owls bio

categories: American football cornerbacks,American football wide receivers,1994 births,Players of American football from Maryland,Indianapolis Colts players,Living people,Sportspeople from Frederick, Maryland

paragraph: Nate Hairston

paragraph: Nate Hairston (born June 30, 1994) is an American football cornerback for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Temple, and was drafted by the Colts in the fifth round of the 2017 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On December 21, 2016, it was announced that Hairston had accepted his invitation to play in the 2017 East-West Shrine Game. He impressed draft scouts and analysts during Shrine Game practices. On January 21, 2017, Hairston recorded three combined tackles as part of the East team that lost 10–3 to the West in the 2017 East-West Shrine Game. Hairston attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis and completed the majority of combine and positional drills.

paragraph: On March 8, 2017, Hairston participated at Temple's pro day, but stood on the majority of his combine numbers and only performed the three-cone drill, short shuttle, and positional drills. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Hairston was projected to be drafted anywhere from the fifth to seventh rounds by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the 30th best cornerback prospect in the draft by DraftScout.com.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017.

paragraph: The Indianapolis Colts selected Hairston in the fifth round (158th overall) of the 2017 NFL Draft. Hairston was the 23rd cornerback drafted in 2017.

paragraph: On May 11, 2017, the Indianapolis Colts signed Hairston to a four-year, $2.66 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $267,758.

paragraph: Hairston entered training camp as a backup cornerback and special teams player and was slated to be a developmental project. Head coach Chuck Pagano named Hairston the fourth cornerback on the Colts' depth chart to begin the regular season in 2017. He was listed on the depth chart behind Vontae Davis, Rashaan Melvin, and Quincy Wilson.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut in the Indianapolis Colts' season-opener at the Los Angeles Rams and made one solo tackle in their 46–9 loss. The following week, Hairston made his first career start as a nickelback after Vontae Davis was ruled inactive due to a groin injury. He recorded four solo tackles and made his first career sack on Cardinals' quarterback Carson Palmer in their 16–13 overtime loss to the 2017 Arizona Cardinals. On October 1, 2017, Hairston collected a season-high six combined tackles and forced a safety for the first scoring play of his career during a 46–18 loss at the Seattle Seahawks in Week 4. Hairston sacked Seahawks' quarterback Russell Wilson for a six-yard loss in the first quarter in the endzone for his first career safety. Hairston was inactive for the Colts' Week 5 win against the San Francisco 49ers due to a quadriceps injury. On November 26, 2017, Hairston recorded five combined tackles, made a season-high two pass deflections, and also made his first career interception in the Colts' 20–16 loss against the Tennessee Titans in Week 12. He made his first career interception off a pass by Titans' quarterback Marcus Mariota, that was originally intended for wide receiver Taywan Taylor, and returned it for a ten-yard gain in the second quarter. Hairston was inactive for the Colts' Week 15 loss to the Denver Broncos after suffering a concussion the previous week. He finished his rookie season in 2017 with 36 combined tackles (25 solo), five pass deflections, two sacks, one interception, and a safety in 14 games and four starts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2018.

paragraph: On January 1, 2018, the Indianapolis Colts fired head coach Chuck Pagano after the Colts finished with a 4–12 record in 2017. On February 11, 2018, the Indianapolis Colts hired former Philadelphia Eagles' offensive coordinator Frank Reich as their new head coach. Hairston competed against Kenny Moore and Pierre Desir to be a starting cornerback to begin the regular season. Head coach Frank Reich named Hairston a starting cornerback to begin the regular season, alongside Kenny Moore and safeties Malik Hooker and Clayton Geathers.

paragraph: Hairston was inactive for the Colts' Week 5 loss at the New England Patriots on Thursday Night Football due to a hamstring injury.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Temple Owls bio

description: American football cornerback

wikidata_label: Nate Hairston

wikipedia_title: Nate Hairston


text:
American football
linebacker
Washington Redskins
National Football League
Louisville
2017 NFL Draft
Washington Redskins
2017 NFL Draft
Louisville Cardinals bio
Washington Redskins bio

categories: Washington Redskins players,People from Valdosta, Georgia,Georgia Bulldogs football players,Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state),1994 births,American football safeties,American football linebackers,Louisville Cardinals football players,Living people

paragraph: Josh Harvey-Clemons

paragraph: Josh Harvey-Clemons (born February 20, 1994) is an American football linebacker for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Louisville, and was drafted by the Redskins in the seventh round of the 2017 NFL Draft. Harvey-Clemons originally played at Georgia before transferring to Louisville.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Harvey-Clemons was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the seventh round, 230th overall, in the 2017 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louisville Cardinals bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington Redskins bio

description: American football linebacker

wikidata_label: Josh Harvey-Clemons

wikipedia_title: Josh Harvey-Clemons


text:
American football
cornerback
college football
Auburn
Washington Redskins
2017 NFL Draft
Washington Redskins
2017 NFL Draft
Auburn Tigers bio
Washington Redskins bio

categories: People from Fairburn, Georgia,Washington Redskins players,Sportspeople from Fulton County, Georgia,Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state),Auburn Tigers football players,1994 births,American football cornerbacks,Living people

paragraph: Joshua Holsey

paragraph: Joshua Holsey (born June 25, 1994) is an American football cornerback who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Auburn, and was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the seventh round of the 2017 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Holsey was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the seventh round, 235th overall, in the 2017 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Holsey did not participate in 2018 training camp and preseason games after suffering a non-football related foot injury when a table landed on him. The Redskins placed him on their non-football injury list at the start of the 2018 season. He was activated off the NFI list on November 12, 2018, but was waived the following day and re-signed to the practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on December 15, 2018. He was placed on injured reserve on December 18, 2018, and was waived on May 13, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Auburn Tigers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington Redskins bio

description: American-football player (1994-)

wikidata_label: Joshua Holsey

wikipedia_title: Joshua Holsey


text:
long-distance runner
marathon
1912 Summer Olympics
marathon
1912 Summer Olympics
Italian
New York City
Swedish
United States
Italy at the 1912 Summer Olympics

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Italian male long-distance runners,Italian male marathon runners,Olympic athletes of Italy,1892 births,Year of death missing

paragraph: Francesco Ruggero

paragraph: Francesco Ruggero (born 22 November 1892, date of death unknown) was an Italian long-distance runner.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He competed in the marathon at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Francesco Ruggero lined up at the start of the marathon of the 1912 Summer Olympics on behalf of the Italian colony living in New York City, who paid all the expenses, and then left for the Swedish capital from the United States.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italy at the 1912 Summer Olympics

description: long-distance runner

wikidata_label: Francesco Ruggero

wikipedia_title: Francesco Ruggero


text: Canadian-born

text: Catholic Church

text: Malta

text: Roman curia

text: clerical sexual abuse cases on minors

text: Toronto

text: Ontario

text: Qormi

text: Licentiate

text: Sacred Theology

text: Joseph Mercieca

text: doctorate

text: canon law

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: Rome

text: Raymond Burke

text: Urbano Navarrete Cortés

text: Sliema

text: Iklin

text: Apostolic Signatura

text: Joseph Ratzinger

text: George Preca

text: Legionaries of Christ

text: Marcial Maciel

text: Gregory the Great

text: Auxiliary Bishop

text: Titular Bishop

text: San Leone

text: Paul Cremona

text: Joseph Mercieca

text: Mario Grech

text: Gozo

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Pope Francis

text: Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh

text: Pope Francis

text: Paul Cremona

text: Apostolic Administrator

text: Pope Francis

text: St Paul's Cathedral

text: Mdina

text: Juan Barros

text: Osorno

categories: Maltese Roman Catholic bishops,Archbishops of Malta,21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops,1959 births,People from Qormi,Curial response to Catholic Church sexual abuse scandals,Canon law jurists,Members of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith,Catholic Church sexual abuse scandals in Europe,Legion of Christ,People from Toronto,Maltese theologians,Living people

paragraph: Charles Scicluna

paragraph: Charles Jude Scicluna (born 15 May 1959) is a Canadian-born Maltese prelate of the Catholic Church who has been the Archbishop of Malta since 2015. He held positions in the Roman curia from 1995 to 2012, when he became Auxiliary Bishop of Malta. Both as a curial official and since becoming a bishop he has conducted investigations into sexual abuse by clergy on behalf of the Holy See and led a Vatican board that reviews such cases. He has been called "the Vatican's most respected sex crimes expert". Since November 2018 he has also been Adjunct Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the curial body responsibile for dealing with clerical sexual abuse cases on minors around the world.

paragraph: Section::::Education and priesthood.

paragraph: Scicluna was born to Maltese parents in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on 15 May 1959. His family moved to Qormi in Malta when he was 11 months old. After secondary school, he studied at the Major Seminary there. He earned a degree in Civil Law from the University of Malta in 1984 and a Licentiate in Sacred Theology. He was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Malta by Archbishop Joseph Mercieca on 11 July 1986. In 1991 he also obtained a doctorate in canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. His thesis supervisor was Raymond Burke and he presented it to Professor Urbano Navarrete Cortés, SJ. He later said: "They wanted me to stay in Rome, in the Apostolic Signatura, but the archbishop called me back to Malta."

paragraph: Between 1990 and 1995, he was defender of the bond and promoter of justice at Metropolitan Court of Malta, Professor of Pastoral Theology and Canon Law at the Faculty of Theology and Vice-Rector of the Major Seminary of the Archdiocese. His pastoral activities included service at the parishes of St. Gregory the Great in Sliema and Transfiguration in Iklin. He served as chaplain to the local Convent of St. Catherine.

paragraph: Section::::Curial service.

paragraph: In 1995 he began his 17-year Vatican career, first as Deputy Promoter of Justice at the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura and then beginning in 2002 as Promoter of Justice in the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. He also taught as Invited Professor at the Faculty of Law at the Pontifical Gregorian University. Between 1996 and 2007, he promoted the cause of the canonization of Saint George Preca.

paragraph: As Promoter of Justice, he was credited with constructing the 2010 universal norms that extended the Church's statutes of limitations on reporting cases of sexual abuse and expanded the category of ecclesial crimes to include sexual misconduct with a disabled adult and possession of child pornography. He provided a brief history of the activities of the CDF with respect to abuse cases in a June 2010 interview.

paragraph: In 2005, Ratzinger tasked Scicluna with collecting testimony about the founder of the Legionaries of Christ, Rev. Marcial Maciel, amid allegations of abuse.

paragraph: At a prayer service for priests in St Peter's Basilica in May 2010, Scicluna addressed the clerical vocation and said:

paragraph: He went on to quote the gospels on the corruption of the young–"Whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him if a great millstone were hung around his neck and he were thrown into the sea" (Mark 9:42)–and then quoted Gregory the Great's exegesis of that verse's meaning for priests:

paragraph: Addressing a conference on sexual abuse held in February 2012 at the Pontifical Gregorian University, he explained that the CDF needed the support of the entire church hierarchy for its procedures to have their intended impact: "No strategy for the prevention of child abuse will ever work without commitment and accountability." He said that "the deliberate denial of known facts, and the misplaced concern that the good name of the institution should somehow enjoy absolute priority" were "enemies of truth" and reflected "a deadly culture of silence" which he characterized as a form of "omertà", the word used to describe the Mafia's code of silence to protect criminal conspiracies in the face of civil and criminal authority. He described the pastoral needs of those abused, "the radical need of the victim to be heard attentively, to be understood and believed, to be treated with dignity as he or she plods on the tiresome journey of recovery and healing", and highlighted the special care needed by those who find themselves unable to recover, "who seem to have identified 'self' simply with 'having been victims'". He told reporters that bishops needed to adhere to church law and CDF's standards: "It is a crime in canon law to show malicious or fraudulent negligence in the exercise of one's duty. I'm not saying that we should start punishing everybody for any negligence in his duties. But what I want to say is that this is not acceptable. It is not acceptable that when there are set standards, people do not follow the set standards."

paragraph: Section::::Auxiliary Bishop.

paragraph: On 6 October 2012, Pope Benedict XVI named Scicluna Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Malta and Titular Bishop of San Leone. The Vatican announcement described him as "highly respected among his peers around the world for his lecturing skills and his expertise in child protection issues". In an interview on the eve of his departure from Rome, Scicluna said the move was a promotion and not a manifestation of departmental rivalries within the Vatican. He said it did not indicate any alteration in policy with respect to the handling of sex abuse cases, which would continue to maintain the aggressive stance he had adopted: "This is policy. It's not Scicluna. It's the pope. And this will remain." He said he would continue to address the issue as bishop: "If you want to silence someone, you don't make him a bishop."

paragraph: He was consecrated bishop on 24 November 2012 by Archbishop Paul Cremona, OP, and served as his deputy. The co-consecrators were Archbishop Emeritus Joseph Mercieca and Bishop Mario Grech of Gozo.

paragraph: Section::::Appointments.

paragraph: On 1 December 2012 Pope Benedict XVI appointed Scicluna to a renewable five-year term as a member of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

paragraph: In December 2013, Pope Francis charged Scicluna with the task of opposing gay marriage and adoption by same-sex couples in Malta.

paragraph: In April 2014 Scicluna was appointed by the Vatican to take the testimony of clergy alleging sexual misconduct in the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh.

paragraph: In January 2015 he was appointed to preside over the new doctrinal team dealing with appeals filed by clergy accused of abuse within the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), Pope Francis had established the new board of review on 3 November 2014 to speed up the process of hearing and ruling on appeals filed by priests laicized or otherwise disciplined in sexual abuse or other serious cases. Members of the doctrinal congregation had been examining an average of four or five appeals, mostly in sex abuse cases, at each of their monthly meetings; the substantial number of appeals and the need to examine them more promptly led to the creation of the board to judge cases involving priests. On 13 November 2018 Francis gave him in addition the post of Adjunct Secretary of the CDF.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop of Malta.

paragraph: Upon the resignation of Archbishop Paul Cremona, Scicluna was appointed Apostolic Administrator of the archdiocese on 18 October 2014. During this period a number of sexual abuse cases emerged concerning a Dominican priest. On 27 February 2015 Pope Francis appointed Scicluna Metropolitan Archbishop of Malta. He was installed on 21 March 2015 in St Paul's Cathedral in Mdina.

paragraph: On 30 January 2018, after Pope Francis was sharply criticized for controversial comments about the clergy sex abuse scandal in Chile, he sent Scicluna to conduct an investigation and take statements from victims who charged that Juan Barros, whom Francis named Bishop of Osorno in 2015, had personal knowledge of their abuse years earlier. On 8 April, in a letter to the bishops of Chile, Francis said that Scicluna's 2,300-page report prompted him to apologize for misrepresenting the evidence of clerical sexual abuse in Chile and to summon the bishops of Chile to Rome for consultation in May. On 11 June 2018 Francis accepted the resignation of Barros, along with the resignation of two other bishops in Chile.

paragraph: Section::::Views.

paragraph: Section::::Views.:Homosexuality.

paragraph: During the Vatican Abuse Summit, Italian journalist Sandro Magister asked Scicluna why the term “homosexuality” was absent from the opening day presentations of the summit. Scicluna replied, “These are human conditions [heterosexuality and homosexuality] that we recognize, that exist. But they aren’t something that really predisposes to sin.".

paragraph: On July 1, 2019 Scicluna "liked" a tweet by Charles Joughin, former press secretary for the LGBTQ advocacy group Human Rights Campaign, standing with another man at the June 30 LGBTQ Pride Parade in New York City. Scicluna deleted the like from his Twitter account. As reported by the National Catholic Register: "Kevin Papagiorcopulo, the head of media for the Archdiocese of Malta, told the Register, 'With reference to your email to Archbishop Scicluna on his Twitter account activity, please be informed that the like was done inadvertently and has since been removed.'".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Quest for Truth in Sexual Abuse Cases: A Moral and Legal Duty, February 2012

description: Roman Catholic prelate

wikidata_label: Charles J. Scicluna

wikipedia_title: Charles Scicluna


text: Sahrawi

text: El Aaiun

text: Independence Intifada

text: Groupes urbains de sécurité

text: El Aaiun

text: police custody

text: Saharawi Republic

text: POLISARIO

text: involuntary homicide

text: appellate court

text: Palafrugell

text: Gerona

categories: Victims of police brutality,2005 deaths,People who died in police custody,People from Laayoune,Date of birth missing,Sahrawi prisoners and detainees,Deaths by beating,Protest-related deaths,Prisoners who died in Moroccan detention,1974 births

paragraph: Hamdi Lembarki

paragraph: Hamdi Lembarki ( ; 1974 – 30 October 2005) was a Sahrawi man killed by Moroccan police after a demonstration in El Aaiun, during the 2005 Independence Intifada.

paragraph: Section::::Death and funeral.

paragraph: Hamdi Lembarki was detained by members of the Groupes urbains de sécurité during a demonstration on the night of 29 October 2005 in El Aaiun. He died hours later in police custody. While at first the Moroccan authorities claimed that Lembarki had died from wounds from other protestors who were throwing stones, eyewitnesses and the Association marocaine des droits humains affirmed that police beat him to death in the street. In November, in an unprecedented movement in the territory, two Moroccan policemen were processed for alleged tortures to Lembarki, which finally caused him death.

paragraph: Hamdi Lembarki was buried on the Gdeim Izik cemetery, in the outskirts of El Aaiun, in January 14, 2006. Hundreds of Sahrawis participated in the funeral, some waving Saharawi Republic/POLISARIO flags.

paragraph: Finally, on June 2007, a Moroccan tribunal sentenced policemen Abderrahim Amssaued and Hassan Rochdi to 10 years in prison, for "involuntary homicide", but on March 2008 an appellate court reduced their sentences to two years and released the convicted policemen.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: A Spanish solidarity association with the Sahrawi people from Palafrugell, Gerona, had named itself Lembarki in his memory.

description: Sahrawi activist

wikidata_label: Hamdi Lembarki

wikipedia_title: Hamdi Lembarki


text:
Union Navy
American Civil War
Medal of Honor
Battle of Mobile Bay
Brewer, Maine
ordinary seaman
Battle of Mobile Bay
naval mine
Fort Morgan
Tennessee
Peter Bent Brigham Hospital
Boston
Massachusetts
Brewer, Maine

categories: 1845 births,United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients,People of Maine in the American Civil War,Union Navy sailors,People from Brewer, Maine,1914 deaths

paragraph: Samuel W. Davis

paragraph: Samuel Walker Davis (January 23, 1846 - May 5, 1914) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: Born in 1846 in Brewer, Maine, Davis was still living in that city when he joined the Navy. He served during the Civil War as an ordinary seaman on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864, he acted as a look-out for naval mines (then known as "torpedoes") despite heavy fire. For this action, he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy, Accredited to: Maine, G.O. No.: 45, 31 December 1864

paragraph: Davis's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

paragraph: On board the U.S.S. "Brooklyn" during successful attacks against Fort Morgan, rebel gunboats and the ram "Tennessee" in Mobile Bay, on 5 August 1864. Despite severe damage to his ship and the loss of several men on board as enemy fire raked her decks from stem to stern, Davis exercised extreme courage and vigilance while acting as a look-out for torpedoes and other obstructions throughout the furious battle which resulted in the surrender of the prize rebel ram "Tennessee" and in the damaging and destruction of batteries at Fort Morgan.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Medal of Honor recipient Samuel W. Davis died on May 5, 1914 of chronic diffuse nephritis at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. He was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Brewer, Maine.

paragraph: Davis' death notice in the May 7, 1914 Boston Herald newspaper read:

paragraph: DAVIS - In this city, May 4, Samuel W. Davis, aged 63 yrs. Funeral services will be held at the funeral parlors of W. H. Graham, 1770 Washington st. Thursday afternoon, at 2 o'clock. Relatives and friends invited to attend. Burial at Brewer, Me.

description: United States Navy sailor and Medal of Honor recipient

wikidata_label: Samuel W. Davis

wikipedia_title: Samuel W. Davis


text:
Marly
littérateur
Champfleury
Café Guerbois
Edmond Antoine Poinsot
Baudelaire
Charles-Jean-François Hénault
editor
art magazine
Charles Nodier
Alphonse Martainville
Sara Bouclier
English literature
Charles-Émile-Callande de Champmartin
château de Compiègne
Jules Janin
Lorrain dialect
Metzgau
Vivant Denon
Antoine Chintreuil
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Jean Servais
Jean-Gustave Wallon
Anatole de Montaiglon
Georges Decaux
Jules Janin
Champfleury
s.v.
Paul Lacroix
Paul Lacroix
Regensburg
Giacomo Meyerbeer
Madison (New Jersey)
Fairleigh Dickinson University Press

categories: Linguists from France,French historians,French male writers,French philologists,French art critics,French theatre critics,French magazine founders,French male journalists,French biographers,19th-century historians,19th-century French businesspeople,1819 births,19th-century French journalists,French bibliographers,French scholars,People from Moselle (department),French literary critics,French magazine editors,1878 deaths

paragraph: Albert Patin de La Fizelière

paragraph: Albert de La Fizelière ("in full" Albert-André Patin de La Fizelière; "pen-name" Ludovic de Marsay, "see box to the right") (b. 7 August 1819 in Marly; d. 11 February 1878 in Paris) was a French littérateur, writer on electoral and constitutional law, art critic, and historian, known for his friendship with Champfleury and for his ties to the Café Guerbois circle. He was described by Edmond Antoine Poinsot (Georges d'Heylli; 18331902) as one "of the small number of our learned men who are both spiritual and without pedantry". He was a friend of Baudelaire and published the first bibliography of the latter a year after his death.

paragraph: To the general public he is known for his dictum that "the public generally prefers a gibe to a word and a buffoon to a comedian" ("le public préfère généralement le lazzi au mot et la queue-rouge au comédien"), which had been anthologized in dictionaries of French quotations from 1840 onwards.

paragraph: Section::::Life and works.

paragraph: His earliest publication in book form seems to have been an elaboration of the popular historical work, "Abrégé chronologique de l'histoire de France..." of Charles-Jean-François Hénault (16851770), which was issued in 1842 as "updated to the present times" by "Ludovic G. de Marsay". He was the editor of the art magazine "Bulletin de l'Ami des arts" (published 18431845), of the "Journal de l'album des théâtres", of "La Petite Revue" (published 18631870?; since 1867 as "La Petite Revue anecdotique"), and of the weekly foreigners' guide to Paris, the "Gazette parisienne". Many of his art reviews that appeared in the magazine "L'Artiste" were subsequently reprinted as independent brochures. La Fizelière was the founder of the magazine "Notre Histoire" in 1848.

paragraph: He was an admirer of the work of Charles Nodier, whose obituary he published in the "Bulletin de l'Ami des arts" of 30 January 1844, having been instrumental in bringing his "Franciscus Columna" to print posthumously in the same year. Some years later he would publish Nodier's correspondence with Alphonse Martainville.

paragraph: In 1855 (in some reports, at the end of 1854) La Fizelière married the fifteen-year-old Sara Bouclier (18391913), whose beauty, grace and spirit had already attracted an entourage of suitors before her marriage to La Fizelière, and who would go on to become at his side a translator of English literature into the French language. Her portrait (an oil painting on canvas) executed by Charles-Émile-Callande de Champmartin in 1845 when Sara Bouclier was 6-years' old (looking considerably more mature) and preserved today at the Musée national du château de Compiègne, is an ample testimony to her assets, both physical and intellectual.

paragraph: In the latter part of his life he edited the 12-volume "Œuvres diverses" of Jules Janin.

paragraph: He edited and published literary monuments of the regional dialects of France, such as the hitherto unpublished 17th-century "Dialogue de Thoinette et d'Alizon" in the Lorrain dialect (1856), and several pieces in the Francophone dialect of Metzgau (the so-called "patois messin").

paragraph: His publications in the field of art history include an essay on Vivant Denon, and another on Antoine Chintreuil.

paragraph: La Fizelière's caricature was drawn by the famous artist towards the middle of the century, in which La Fizelière is called "Lafiselière" (preserved in the manuscript collections of the Bibliothèque nationale de France). Four months after his death his personal library was dispersed in a public sale, while his manuscripts and his art collection went on sale five months later.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exposition de Metz" (1842)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peintures de M. Heim à Saint-Sulpice" (1842)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Inondés de la Loire, scène dramatique en vers" (1846; co-authored with Jean Servais)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Une famille de la rue Mouffetard, scène dramatique" (co-authored with de la Jonchère)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Biographie des représentants du peuple à l'Assemblée nationale constituante..." (1848; co-authored with L.-G. Giraudeau, W. Hughes and R. Kerambrun)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manuel de l'électeur constituant, indiquant les droits et les devoirs des citoyens appelés aux élections du 9 avril 1848" (1848; under the pseudonym "M. L. G. de Marsay")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mémoires d'un insurgé: histoire des sociétés secrètes, depuis 1815 jusqu'en 1848" (1848; anonymous; attributed by Jean-Gustave Wallon to joint authorship of La Fizelière and others)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Procès des accusés de Strasbourg" (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Danse, ses temples et ses desservants en 1850" (1850; as "L.-G. de Marsay")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manuel du citoyen... contenant le texte, avec commentaires, de la Constitution et de toutes les lois politiques, organiques ou complémentaires" (1850; as "M. Ludovic de Marsay")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Promenade [à Paris et aux environs]" (1850; as "L.-G. de Marsay")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Itinéraire des chemins de fer de Paris à Versailles, Saint-Germain, Rouen et Dieppe" (1850; as "L.-G. de Marsay")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Salon de 18501851: exposition nationale" (1851)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Itinéraire du chemin de fer de Rouen, Le Havre et Dieppe" (1851)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Itinéraire du chemin de fer du Nord et de ses embranchements" (1851)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Livret de l'Exposition faite en 1673 dans la cour du Palais royal, reprinted with notes by Anatole de Montaiglon... et suivi d'un essai de bibliographie des livrets et des critiques de salons depuis 1673 jusqu'en 1851" (1852)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lo Rondot don Jozon, chanson messine réquiaye pet M. Albert de La Fizelière et Maly devant Metz" (1853)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Félice" (1854; extract from "Metz littéraire")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lo Nieu de jeument: conte de fauchoux requiet aivau lés prés pet monsieu A. de La Fizelière" (1857)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ch. Nodier, entomologiste" (1857)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Voltaire est-il étranger" (1858)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire de la crinoline au temps passé" (1859)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "AZ ou Le Salon en miniature" (1861)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vins à la mode et cabarets au XVIIe siècle" (1866)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charles Baudelaire" (1868; co-authored with Georges Decaux)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rymaille sur les plus célèbres bibliotières de Paris en 1649: avec des notes et un essai sur les autres bibliothèques particulières du temps" (1868)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Des Émaux cloisonnés et de leur introduction dans la reliure des livres" (1870)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jules Janin" (1874)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paris et Versailles il y a cent ans" (1874; co-authored with Jules Janin)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jules Janin et sa bibliothèque, notice bibliographique" (1874; excerpt from "Bulletin du Bibliophile" of June 1874)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Vie et l'œuvre de Chintreuil" (1874; co-authored with Champfleury and Frédéric Henriet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Théâtre du Paravent, I. Récompense honnête", saynète (1874)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mémento du Salon de peinture, de gravure et de sculpture en 1875..." (1875)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georges d'Heylli, "Dictionnaire des pseudonymes", 2nd ed., Paris, E. Dentu, 1868, pages 99100 ("s.v." Egerton).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Lacroix, "Albert de La Fizelière, homme de lettres, notice nécrologique, par P.-L. Jacob, bibliophile", Paris, Vve A. Aubry, 1878. (Excerpt from the "Bulletin du bouquiniste" of 15 March 1878.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Lacroix, "La Bibliothèque d'Albert de la Fizelière... par P. L. Jacob...", Paris, Vve A. Aubry, 1878.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catalogue des livres de la bibliothèque de feu M. Albert de La Fizelière... dont la vente aux enchères aura lieu le lundi 10 juin 1878 et les six jours suivants...", Paris, Vve A. Aubry, 1878.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anonymous obituary (with useful bibliography) in "Polybiblion: revue bibliographique universelle" (Paris), 2nd series, vol. 7 (22), 1878, pages 268269.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emil Weller, "Lexicon Pseudonymorum: Wörterbuch der Pseudonymen aller Zeiten und Völker oder Verzeichnis jener Autoren, die sich falscher Namen bedienten", 2nd ed., Regensburg, A. Coppenrath, 1886, pages 161, 346, and 456. (For pen-names.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giacomo Meyerbeer, "The Diaries of Giacomo Meyerbeer", vol. 4 ("The Last Years, 18571864"), tr. & ed. R. I. Letellier, Madison (New Jersey), Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2004, page 143. .

description: French writer

wikidata_label: Albert Patin de La Fizelière

wikipedia_title: Albert Patin de La Fizelière


text:
oni
Japan
Minamoto Raikō
Kyoto
Mt. Ibuki
Mt. Ōe
Kyoto
Itsuō Art Museum
Otogi-zōshi
Mt. Ibuki
honji
Tanba Province
Mt. Ōe
Kameoka, Kyoto
Emperor Ichijō
missing people
Abe no Seimei
onmyōdō
oni
Minamoto no Yorimitsu
shitennō
Dazaifu
yamabushi
laundry
maidservant
sake
Hira Mountains
Enryaku-ji
Byōdō-in
Haruo Shirane
middle counselor
Seimei
Tanba Province
Mikado
Minamoto no Raikō
shitennō
Watanabe no Tsuna
Iwashimizu Hachimangū
Sumiyoshi Shrine
Kumano Shrine
§Named swords and arms
§Subordinates
yamabushi
En no Gyōja
Echigo Province
Ibaraki-dōji
Watanabe no Tsuna
Ibaraki-dōji
Watanabe no Tsuna
ko-naginata
Five Best Swords under Heaven
yōkai
Tamamo-no-Mae
Ganbara
Echigo
Mt. Ibuki
Nihon Shoki
Yamata no Orochi
Susanoo
Izumo
Ōmi
Echigo Province
Niigata Prefecture
Heian period
Dengyō Daishi
Kōbō-Daishi
Tsubame
Niigata
Zentaiheiki
Mt. Ibuki
Ōmi Province
Shiga Prefecture
Yamata no Orochi
myōjin
Mount Ibuki
Mount Hiei
Buddhism
Ibaraki-dōji
Yamato Province
Nara Prefecture
Heian period
Kamakura period
Tanba Province
Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto
Kameoka
Mt. Ōe
Jizō
Fukuchiyama, Kyoto
Nariaiji
Kyoto Prefecture
sake bottle and sake cup
sake
Ibaraki-dōji
Tenka-goken
Dōjigiri

categories: People of Heian-period Japan,People from Hyōgo Prefecture,History of Hyōgo Prefecture,Japanese mythology,People from Niigata Prefecture

paragraph: Shuten-dōji

paragraph: Shuten-dōji (, also sometimes called , or ) is a mythical "oni" or demon leader of Japan, who according to legend was killed by the hero Minamoto Raikō. Although decapitated, the demon's detached head still took a bite at the hero, who avoided death by wearing multiple helmets stacked on his head.

paragraph: Shuten-dōji had his lair at Mt. Ōe () northwest of the city of Kyoto, or Mt. Ibuki, depending on the version. It has also been theorized that the original mountain was Mt. Ōe () on the south edge of the city of Kyoto.

paragraph: Section::::Texts.

paragraph: The oldest surviving text of the legend is recorded in the 14th century "Ōeyama Ekotoba" (大江山絵詞 "Tale of Mount Ōe in Pictures and Words"), a picture scroll held by the Itsuō Art Museum. It was later incorporated into the corpus of "Otogi-zōshi" ("Companion tales"), and became widely read in the woodblock-printed versions of them called the "Otogi Bunko" (Companion Library), especially Shibukawa Seiemon editions (ca. 1720). There is also a set of texts which localizes the Shuten-dōji's fortress at Mt. Ibuki. The Mt. Ibuki group texts reveal the villain's "honji" (avatar identity) as "the demon king of the Sixth Heaven" (), whereas the Mt. Ōe-localized group texts generally do not, with the exception of "Ōeyama Ekotoba" which is oldest.

paragraph: Section::::Localization.

paragraph: There are two different mountains named Mt. Ōe in Tanba Province. The "Otogi Zōshi" text of the later period is clearly referring to () northwest of the Kyoto capital, since it specifically mentions Senjōdake which is part of this mountain chain.

paragraph: But recent scholarship assigns the original mountain to have been the Mt. Ōe () further south (on the southern edge of Kyoto city and extending to Kameoka, Kyoto). This other Mt. Ōe also has a piece of acclivity named Oi-no-Saka (, "Slope of Aging").

paragraph: There are in fact some comparatively recent versions that actually place the demon lair at the southerly Mt. Ōe, or portray the Senjōdake as the main and Oi-no-Saka as the secondary fortification for the demons, according to religious scholar and folklorist .

paragraph: Section::::Summary (oldest version).

paragraph: The oldest text ("Ōeyama Ekotoba" or "Ōeyama Emaki") version the legend can be summarized as follows:

paragraph: During the reign of Emperor Ichijō (r. 986–1011), a large number of missing people were being reported in the capital city of Kyoto, most of the victims being young women. Abe no Seimei, the famous "onmyōdō" diviner of the imperial court, determines that the "oni"-king of Mt. Ōe (later identified as Shuten-dōji) was responsible for the abductions. The Emperor then commanded Minamoto no Raikō (Minamoto no Yorimitsu) and Fujiwara no Hōshō () to exterminate this demon. Raikō had his four lieutenants called the "shitennō" while Hōshō had only the junior secretary ("shōgen") of Dazaifu to assist them. The party left Kyoto in the year 995.

paragraph: The party encountered a group of four men who turned out to be transformations of four deities. At their recommendation, Raikō and his retinue disguised themselves as "yamabushi" priests. When they traveled through a cave-tunnel, they came to a river and found an old kidnapped woman doing the laundry. The old woman explained that the kidnapped young maidens were being forced to act as maidservants, but the ogres wantonly slaughtered the girls, ate their flesh and drank their blood.

paragraph: The warriors, pretending to be priests, convinced the ogre-king to give them lodging. The ogre-king treated his guests with "sake" and began to tell the tale about himself, how he was called Shuten-dōji, the "sake-drinking lad" by his underlings for his love of drinking sake, and how the ogres had been displaced from their ancestral Hira Mountains when Enryaku-ji temple was built nearby. and have been at Mt. Ōe since the year 849.

paragraph: Raikō then offered Shuten-dōji the sake given to him by one of the deities, which rendered him incapacitated. The warriors dressed up in armor and weapons which they concealed in their priestly back-pack chests called "oi" (笈). Then they stormed Shuten-dōji's sleeping quarters, and while the four deities held down the ogre's limbs, Raikō cut off Shuten-dōji's head with a stroke of his sword. The severed head was still alive, and snapped its jaws, aiming at Raikō's head, but the warrior defended himself by wearing two of his men's helmets in addition to his own. The group returned triumphant to Kyoto with the head, which was laid to rest in the (Treasure House of Uji) at Byōdō-in temple.

paragraph: Section::::Summary (oldest version).:Physical description.

paragraph: According to the "Ōeyama Ekotoba" version, Shuten-dōji returned to his true form when he slept. He was 50 feet in height, had a red body and a five-horned head, with fifteen eyes; one leg was white and the other black, while his arms were yellow and blue.

paragraph: Section::::Otogi Bunko version.

paragraph: The version of the legend found in Shibukawa's "Otogi Bunko" has been printed in English translation by Haruo Shirane and Noriko T. Reider. Some of the textual similarities and differences are noted below.

paragraph: Section::::Otogi Bunko version.:Divination and expedition.

paragraph: This version is vague about the time frame but in the capital city of Kyoto people are being abducted. A certain middle counselor seeks his daughter's whereabouts and summons a diviner named Muraoka no Masatoki (rather than Seimei, as in the older text). Masatoki names the demons of Mt. Ōe of Tanba Province as the culprits.

paragraph: The Mikado commands the formation of a punitive squad, consisting of the standard six warriors, Minamoto no Raikō and his "four guardian kings" ("shitennō") including Watanabe no Tsuna and Hōshō.

paragraph: Section::::Otogi Bunko version.:Three gods and divine sake.

paragraph: Because demons are shape-shifters and formidable enemies, the group decides to pay homage to three shrines: Yawata Shrine (Iwashimizu Hachimangū), Sumiyoshi Shrine, and Kumano Shrine.

paragraph: Later, the group meet the gods of the three shrines disguised as old men. The gods give Raikō the "sake [which is] divine elixir, poisonous to demons" (, "jinben kidoku shu") which will rob the ogres of their ability to fly and stupefy them.

paragraph: Even though Raikō is already carrying his own vermilion helm in his back-pack chest (cf. §Named swords and arms), he receives from the gods another helmet (of a type, translated as a "hobnailed helmet") which he is instructed to wear when he decapitates the enemy.

paragraph: Section::::Otogi Bunko version.:Infiltration.

paragraph: Just before reaching the lair, Raikō's group encounters the hostage working as laundress, who becomes their informant. Here, she is not an old woman as in the old text, but a 17 or 18-year-old daughter of a courtier. She reveals that the lair which is called Iron Palace ("Kurogane no gosho", ) lies inside the Demon's Cavern ("Oni no iwaya" ), and forewarns the group about the four ogres who are Shutendōji's lieutenants.(cf. §Subordinates).

paragraph: As in the oldest text, Raikō's party pretending to be yamabushi ascetics gains entry at Shuten-dōji's dwelling-place. Raikō disarms the ogre's suspicion by explaining that they as yamabushi follow the ways of En no Gyōja who he says was compassionate and hospital towards demons. The warriors drink up the blood sake and heartily eat the human flesh in order to gain further confidence. At the height of the drunken revelry, Raikō offers Shuten-dōji the divine sake poisonous to demons. Shuten-dōji begins to tell his life story (he is originally from Echigo Province according to this text), and also recounts how his henchman Ibaraki-dōji lost an arm in an encounter with Tsuna, one of Raikō's men.

paragraph: As in the older text, the warriors equip their hidden armor and swords and raid Shuten-dōji in his sleeping chamber. The three gods have arrived to help and chain the ogre's limbs to the pillars. As Raikō positions himself with his sword Chisui (or "Bloodsucker") in hand, the ogre faults the warrior for his sneaky underhanded tactics, exclaiming: "How sad, you-priests! You said you do not lie. There is nothing false in the words of demons".

paragraph: The warriors attack with their swords and sever Shuten-dōji's head, but as in the older text, the detached head attempts to get a bite at Raikō, and the hero is protected by two helmets stacked on his head: his Lion King helmet on top the hobnailed helmet ("") given him by the gods. Subsequently, Ibaraki-dōji and Watanabe no Tsuna engage in a prolonged fight and while they grappled, Raikō decapitated Ibaraki-dōji. The female prisoners are liberated and the warriors return triumphant.

paragraph: Section::::Otogi Bunko version.:Subordinates.

paragraph: In this version, Ibaraki-dōji, who is famous in his own right, plays the role of one of Shuten-dōji's henchmen. There are also four other underlings dubbed Shuten-dōji's "Four Divine Kings": Hoshikuma-dōji, Kuma-dōji, Torakuma-dōji, and Kane-dōji.

paragraph: Shuten-dōji after telling the story of his own life recounts the famous episode where Ibaraki-dōji goes to the capital city and has his arm severed by Watanabe no Tsuna (one of Raikō's men). Later on, Raikō decapitated Ibaraki-dōji who was wrestling with Tsuna.

paragraph: Shuten-dōji's "Four Divine Kings" ("shitennō") are described by the laundress-girl, so Raikō's group is aware of their existence in advance. Their names, together with their meanings were: Hoshikuma-dōji (Star-Bear Demon), Kuma-dōji (Bear Demon), Torakuma-dōji (Tiger-Bear Demon), and Kane-dōji (Iron Demon).

paragraph: Section::::Otogi Bunko version.:Named swords and arms.

paragraph: The warriors in their "oi" (portable chests; "pannier" according to Reider) conceal their armors and swords, many of which have proper names.

paragraph: Raikō's chest contained the sword Chisui (ちすゐ, assumed to be "", thus "Bloodsucker"), vermilion armor ("hiodoshi") called "randen gusari" (らんでん鎖, Randen Chain), and a vermilion helmet called Shishiō ("Lion King" or "Lion Lord".) Hōshō's contained a two-foot halberd (ko-naginata) called Iwakiri (Cutting Rock or Stonecutter). Tsuna had a sword named (Cutting Demon or Demon Slasher) and yellow-green set of armor and helmet.

paragraph: A real existing sword named , which is one of the Five Best Swords under Heaven and designated national treasure of Japan, is associated with the tradition of being the sword that killed Shuten-dōji.

paragraph: In the Otogi Bunko text discussed here however, since many swords attack Shuten-dōji and sever his head, it is not clear who or which sword is to be credited with the decapitaion.

paragraph: Section::::Analysis.

paragraph: It has been said that Shuten-dōji was the strongest oni of Japan. Academic folklorist has counted Shuten-dōji among the three most feared yōkai in medieval Kyoto, alongside the vixen Tamamo-no-Mae and the demon .

paragraph: Section::::Local folklore.

paragraph: Shuten-dōji, according to one legend, was born at Ganbara, Echigo. However, there is also the idea that from the base of Mt. Ibuki, where in literature like the "Nihon Shoki", in the legend of the defeat of the giant snake Yamata no Orochi to Susanoo in a battle, it fled from Izumo to Ōmi, had a child with a wealthy person’s daughter, with that child was Shuten-doji. Both father and son had a matchless thirst for sake, which is often cited as support.

paragraph: Section::::Local folklore.:Niigata.

paragraph: According to the "Otogi Bunko" version as previously described, Shuten-dōji originally came from Echigo Province (now Niigata Prefecture) and, had lived since the Heian period (8th century) when Dengyō Daishi and Kōbō-Daishi were active. Local legends elaborate that he was a page of the Kokojou-ji (国上寺) (in Tsubame, Niigata) (at the base of , there is a Chigo-dō where he is said to have passed through).

paragraph: One story is that he was the son of a blacksmith in Echigo, that he was in his mother’s womb for 16 months, and that he had teeth and hair when he was born, was immediately able to walk, was able to talk on the level of a 5–6 year old, had the wisdom and physical strength of a 16-year-old, and had a rough temperament, and due to this unusually ready wit, was shunned as an "oni child". According to Zentaiheiki, afterwards, when he was 6 years of age, he was abandoned by his mother, wandered from place to place, and then walked the path towards being an oni. There is also a legend that since he was scorned as an oni child, he was put into custody of a temple, but the chief priest of that temple was a user of unorthodox practices, and the child became an oni through learning those unorthodox practices, that he exhausted the limits of evil.

paragraph: In the town of (presently, Niigata, Niigata), it is said that when a pregnant woman eats a fish called "tochi", that child will become a robber if it is a boy, and a prostitute if it is a girl. It is also said that a woman who ate the fish, gave birth to a child after it stayed 16 months in her womb, and that child was Shuten-doji. In , there are place names like the Dōji estate and the Dōji field.

paragraph: Section::::Local folklore.:Mt. Ibuki, Shiga.

paragraph: Some versions of the legend localize Mt. Ibuki in Ōmi Province (now Shiga Prefecture).

paragraph: He, who was born from the large snake Yamata no Orochi (in its avatar as the myōjin of Mount Ibuki) and a human girl, was a page at Mount Hiei from an early age, and underwent training, but he drank sake which was forbidden by Buddhism, and in fact was a big drinker, and was therefore hated by everyone. One day, after a religious festival where he dressed in an oni costume, he was about to take off the costume, but he wasn’t able to since it was stuck to his face, and reluctantly went into some mountain recesses where he started his life as an oni. He then met Ibaraki-dōji, and together aimed for Kyoto.

paragraph: Section::::Local folklore.:Nara Prefecture.

paragraph: He was a page for the in the Yamato Province (now Nara Prefecture), but found a corpse at a nearby mountain, and due to curiosity, brought that meat back to the temple, and made his priest teacher eat it without telling him that it was human meat. Afterwards, the page frequently brought back meat, not only from the flesh of corpses, but also by murdering live humans and returning with their flesh. The priest, who thought that it was suspicious, followed after the page, discovered the truth, harshly criticized the page, and abandoned him in a mountain. The page later became Shuten-dōji, and it has been said that the place where he was abandoned was thus called "chigo-saka" (page-hill).

paragraph: According to another theory, he was a child of the chief priest of Byakugō-ji, but as he matured, he grew fangs and a horn, and later became a child as rough as a beast. The priest was embarrassed by this child, so the child was abandoned, but the child later came to Mt. Ōoe, and became Shuten-dōji.

paragraph: Section::::Local folklore.:Kyoto Prefecture.:Mt. Ōe legend.

paragraph: From the Heian period to the Kamakura period, he was an "oni" who lawlessly ran amok in the capital, and he was based in Mt. in the Tanba Province, or the Ōe in Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto, also known as Oi no Saka (老ノ坂) (within the Rakusai district of Kyoto) as well as the neighboring Shinochōōji, Kameoka. For the legend of the Mt. Ōe in Tanba Province, there is a theory that it was a misrepresentation of the bandits within Ōe who harassed passing travelers.

paragraph: Section::::Local folklore.:Kyoto Prefecture.:Oi-no-saka.

paragraph: According to local legend, Yorimitsu and the others returned with the head back to the capital, but at Oi-no-Saka (老ノ坂, "Slope of Aging") by the Mt. Ōe on the south edge of Kyoto city, they were warned by a roadsize image of Jizō, "don't bring something unclean into the capital", and as the head was not able to move anymore, they all buried the head right there. Another theory is that when Dōji was dying, regretting his crimes until then, desired to help various people who had illnesses in their head, that he was deified as a great wisdom god (daimyōjin). As this is the Kubitsuka Daimyōjin of the Oi no Saka slope, according to legends, it would perform miracles for illnesses in the head.

paragraph: Section::::Local folklore.:Kyoto Prefecture.:Others.

paragraph: It has also been said that he was buried in Mt. Ōe in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, which is the origin of the Onidake-inari-san jinja (鬼岳稲荷山神社).

paragraph: Nariaiji temple in Kyoto Prefecture preserves the sake bottle and sake cup allegedly used to pour the "Shinbenkidokushu" (the sake that "poisoned" Shuten-dōji).

paragraph: Section::::Relation to Ibaraki-dōji.

paragraph: Shuten-dōji rampaged together in Kyoto along with Ibaraki-dōji, but there are actually several theories about their relation. One of those theories is that Ibaraki-dōji was not a male oni, but a female oni, and that Ibaraki-dōji was a lover of his son, or Shuten-dōji himself. Therefore, it has been said that Shuten-dōji and Ibaraki-dōji knew of each other's existence, and aimed for the capital together.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- ()

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tenka-goken (Five Swords under Heaven) - Dōjigiri was said to be used to kill Shuten-dōji

description: Heian-period mythological leader

wikidata_label: Shuten-dōji

wikipedia_title: Shuten-dōji


text:
Guembri
Gumbass
Kora
Touré Kunda
Youssou N'Dour
Geoffrey Oryema
Hadouk Trio
Gnaoua Essaouira festival
Gumbass

paragraph: Loy Ehrlich

paragraph: Loy Ehrlich (born 1950) is a French musician, composer and producer based in Paris.

paragraph: Multi instrumentalist, he plays keyboards, Bass, Guembri, Gumbass and Kora.

paragraph: He played with major African artists such as Touré Kunda, Youssou N'Dour and Geoffrey Oryema. Member of the "Hadouk Trio", he has been the artistic director of the Gnaoua Essaouira festival (Morocco) for 12 years. He invented the musical instrument known as the Gumbass.

description: French musician

wikidata_label: Loy Ehrlich

wikipedia_title: Loy Ehrlich