text:
Ariel Rechtshaid
Pitchfork Media
Drowned in Sound
James Blake
M83
Hanging On
Ellie Goulding
Halcyon
Elizabeth, New Jersey
New Order
Philadelphia Boys Choir
Carnegie Hall
Sydney Opera House
Mirror Universe Tapes
The Guardian
Pitchfork
Vagrant
Charli XCX
Lana Del Rey
White Rabbits
M83
James Blake
The Los Angeles Times
Balam Acab
Fun Fun Fun Fest
Latitude
Hove Fest
Fun Fun Fun Fest
St Jerome Laneway
Sasquatch Festival
Montreux Jazz Fest
Melbourne Arts Festival
Lightning in a Bottle
Vagrant Records
Vagrant Records
Rapor
Steve Mason
Wolf Gang
Marina and The Diamonds
School of Seven Bells
Hannah Cohen
Angus and Julia Stone
Angus and Julia Stone
Lana Del Rey
Adult Swim Singles Program 2011
Williams Street Productions
Hanging On
LUXE
Williams Street Productions

categories: American indie pop musicians,Shoegazing musicians,American new wave musicians,Ambient musicians

paragraph: Active Child

paragraph: Patrick James Grossi (born May 28, 1983), better known by his stage name Active Child, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. His debut album, "You Are All I See", was released in 2011 and produced by Ariel Rechtshaid, and garnered substantial reviews from media outlets like Pitchfork Media and Drowned in Sound. In 2011, Active Child opened for British musician James Blake and for the French synthpop band M83. In 2012, his song, "Hanging On," was covered by English pop artist Ellie Goulding and later included on her second album, "Halcyon".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Grossi was born May 28, 1983 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, the son of Bob Grossi, a sales executive for Priority Records and Donna Grossi, an abstract and figurative painter. His father's music had been a childhood influence through the rhythms of '80s alternative dance bands like New Order and at the age of 9 he started singing with the Philadelphia Boys Choir. Grossi at a very young age, began touring with the Philly Boys Choir in Europe, South Africa and Australia, performing at Carnegie Hall, Sydney Opera House and singing with a choir in South Africa. As a teenager, he listened to a lot of early ’90s gangster rap and focused on sports and education. During his college days in Colorado, the local arts landscape influenced him to pick up guitar and harp and rediscover his musical talent. He combined elements learned as a child and during his time with Philly Boys Choir, with his falsetto, live harp, and evocative lyrics and debuted in 2010 as Active Child.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2010: Career beginnings.

paragraph: Grossi's first release was "Sun Rooms", a cassette put out on 14 January 2010 by Mirror Universe Tapes. That same year, came a 7" vinyl single, "She Was A Vision", which was released in February 2010 via Transparent. The record includes the single She Was A Vision and b-side Voice Of An Old Friend. His first official EP, "Curtis Lane EP" was released in June 2010, The Guardian remarked how the sombre young man creates glacial and gloomy music, and how the songs have a sort of spiritual quality. Pitchfork wrote, Grossi seems to have pushed the cosmic, stately side of these tracks to the forefront.

paragraph: Grossi released his debut LP, "You Are All I See" in August 2011, featuring tracks such as "Hanging On" and "Johnny Belinda". Drowned in Sound remarked, "You Are All I See is all about the shimmer, Grossi's touch is so deft, and the sound so seemingly in tune with the natural world, he somehow is able to play with light." By 2013, he released albums and EPs for labels including Vagrant, Spunk, Plancha and others. Several of his tracks have appeared on compilations and in multiple films including "Divergent" and "The Host".

paragraph: In August 2011, Active Child appeared on NPR Music Mondays and in 2012, he appeared on a mixtape, "I Like Boys Who Cry" with Charli XCX. Later in the year, he appeared in a compilation, "The Singles" with Lana Del Rey, "PRAY" with Gilbere Forte and Classixx debut album "Hanging Gardens". His second single album, "Mercy" was released in June 2015 by Vagrant and produced by Van Rivers. Spin magazine described the album as "heartbreaking and luxurious " with Pitchfork remarking that his vocals on the record are "astonishing, like a rising updraft".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Tours.

paragraph: Around 2010, Grossi embarked on his first support tour with White Rabbits playing shows throughout the UK and Europe. In 2011 Grossi announced he would be undertaking another American tour in November with M83. He announced tour dates to support U.K. electronic musician James Blake; in May 2011, the tour included a stop at Chicago's Lincoln Hall and New York's Bowery Ballroom. The Los Angeles Times described his live performance as "one of the most original and ambitious sounds in Los Angeles". In February 2012, he announced a headline spring tour where after jaunting across the UK and Europe in February and March, Grossi landed stateside for a series of shows running from April 27 in Pomona, CA to May 22 in Salt Lake City, UT. Grossi was supported for the U.S. leg by alt-singer Balam Acab. In May 2015, he again toured United States, at Lighting in a Bottle Festival opening at Bradley, CA, the tour was completed in nearly two months at The Cathedral Sanctuary at Immanuel Presbyterian in Los Angeles, CA.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Major festivals.

paragraph: Since 2010, Grossi has been touring consistently in the States as well as overseas, including performances at the Latitude Festival in 2010, Fun Fun Fun Fest in 2011 and Montreux Jazz Festival in 2012. Some of his major live performances at the festivals are

paragraph: BULLET::::- Latitude 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mioogfest 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hove Fest 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fun Fun Fun Fest 2011 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symbiosis Gathering 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Jerome Laneway 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sasquatch Festival 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- [nl:Metropolis Festival Metropolis] 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Montreux Jazz Fest 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melbourne Arts Festival 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lightning in a Bottle 2015

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.

paragraph: You Are All I See (2011, Vagrant Records)

paragraph: Mercy (2015, Vagrant Records)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Curtis Lane" (Merok Records, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sun Rooms" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rapor" (2013)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Remix.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steve Mason – "Lost and Found"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolf Gang – "Back To Back"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marina and The Diamonds- "OH NO!"

paragraph: BULLET::::- School of Seven Bells – "Heart is Strange"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hannah Cohen – "Crying Game"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angus and Julia Stone – "It's all okay"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angus and Julia Stone – "Heartbreak "

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lana Del Rey – "Ride"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Molotov Cocktail: A Spunk Sampler", 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "LSTN #10", 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adult Swim Singles Program 2011" (2011, Williams Street Productions) features "Hanging On"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "#99", 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Triple J's Like a Version Eight", 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un automne", 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cyclonic Footsteps: Spunk Sampler" 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "LUXE" (2017, Williams Street Productions) features "Cruel World"

wikidata_label: Active Child

wikipedia_title: Active Child


text:
Harburg
Brussels
House of Guelph
Brunswick-Lüneburg
Otto II of Brunswick-Harburg
Bremen
Alessandro Farnese
Eighty Years' War
Ivry
morganatic marriage

categories: Middle House of Lüneburg,1555 births,1591 deaths,16th-century German people

paragraph: Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Harburg

paragraph: Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (16 June 1555 in Harburg – 15 October 1591 in Brussels), was a member of House of Guelph and the heir apparent of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Otto Henry was the eldest son of the Duke Otto II of Brunswick-Harburg (1528–1603) from his first marriage with Margaret (1530–1559), the daughter of the Count John Henry of Schwarzburg-Leutenberg.

paragraph: Otto Henry was educated under his father's strict supervision. He was taught science, but Otto II had strictly forbidden the instruction of fine arts. Otto Henry studied at the University of Strasbourg, and was a canon at Bremen for a while, but then chose a military career. In 1590, he led the cavalry of the Duke Alessandro Farnese in the Eighty Years' War and showed great courage in the battle of Ivry on 14 March 1590. He was seriously wounded in this battle.

paragraph: Otto Henry died a year later, in Brussels in 1591 at the age of 36. Since he died before his father, he never inherited Harburg.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Otto Henry married in 1588 with Marie d'Henin-Lietard (d. 1606), the daughter of Count Jean de Bossu, with whom he had a son. However, since this was a morganatic marriage, his son was not able to inherit Harburg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles (d. 1620), Governor of Beaumont in Luxembourg; married in 1618 with Marie Wouters, heiress of Terdeck and Dyck (d. 1619)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vaterländisches Archiv für hannoverisch-braunschweigische Geschichte", Herold & Wahlstab, 1835, p. 126 ff

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustav Adelbert Seyler: "Vierteljahrsschrift fur Heraldik, sphragistik und Genealogie", 1873, p. 211

description: Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg

wikidata_label: Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Harburg

wikipedia_title: Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Harburg


text:
Argentine
de facto
Reynaldo Bignone

categories: University of Buenos Aires alumni,Argentine lawyers,1998 deaths,People from Río Cuarto, Córdoba,Argentine economists,1920 births,Argentine Ministers of Finance,Argentine people of German descent,20th-century Argentine lawyers,20th-century economists

paragraph: Jorge Wehbe

paragraph: Florentino Jorge Wehbe (1920 – November 4, 1998) was an Argentine lawyer and economist who served as Minister of Economy of Argentina.

paragraph: Section::::Biographical information.

paragraph: Wehbe was director at the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires in 1955. He was Minister of Economy (August 25, 1982 – December 10, 1983) during the presidency of de facto General Reynaldo Bignone. His most notable achievement was negotiating the debt of Argentina, during which he made numerous trips to the United States.

description: Argentine lawyer and economist

wikidata_label: Jorge Wehbe

wikipedia_title: Jorge Wehbe


text:
Washington
Waverly, Iowa
Waterville, Washington
Washington House of Representatives

categories: Washington (state) Republicans,1901 deaths,1850 births,People from Waverly, Iowa,Members of the Washington House of Representatives,People from Waterville, Washington,People from Iowa

paragraph: M. W. Miles

paragraph: Mastain William (Matt) Miles (June 14, 1850 – February 8, 1901) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He lived in Waverly, Iowa for 25 years and became postmaster in Waterville, Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: M. W. Miles

wikipedia_title: M. W. Miles


text:
ukiyo-e
Utagawa school
triptych
the Meiji Emperor
Kaei
Japanese calendar
ukiyo-e
Boshin War
yakusha-e
Toyohara Kunichika
art name
bijin-ga
Satsuma Rebellion
First Sino-Japanese War
Emperor Meiji
Meiji Constitution
Miyatake Gaikotsu
Utagawa school
Adachi Ginkō prints

paragraph: Adachi Ginkō

paragraph: Adachi Ginkō (, born 1853; active  – 1908) was a Japanese artist best known for his prints in the ukiyo-e style as a member of the Utagawa school. He worked in a variety of genres, including portraits of beauties and actors, landscapes, book illustrations, and satirical works, and produced a large number of triptychs of contemporary events. His most successful work was his "Pictorial Outline of Japanese History" series of triptychs in the late 1880s. He was jailed and fined in 1889 for caricaturing the Meiji Emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Few details of Ginkō's birth and early life are known; his birth name was Adachi Heishichi. He was born about the second month of Kaei 6 on the Japanese calendar (about March or April 1853).

paragraph: Ginkō studied under the painter , who worked in a Western style. Ginkō may have begun designing ukiyo-e woodblock prints as early as 1870, though these purported prints of the Boshin War have not survived. Ginkō's earliest surviving prints date to 1873—a number of "yakusha-e" prints of actors in the style of Toyohara Kunichika. He published his early work under the art name Shōsetsusai Ginkō. He found success with a series of actor prints titled "Complete Issue of Top Battle Stories" in 1874. Later that year he began using the art name Adachi Ginkō.

paragraph: Ginkō produced in a variety of genres, including "bijin-ga" portraits of beauties, landscapes, book illustrations, and satirical works. A large number of his works dealt with contemporary events such as the Satsuma Rebellion and the First Sino-Japanese War. His most popular work was the series of triptychs "Pictorial Outline of Japanese History", published from 1185 to 1889.

paragraph: The 28 February 1889 issue of the "Journal of the Society of Ready Wit" published a cartoon by Ginkō which parodies his own print "View of the Issuance of the State Constitution in the State Chamber of the New Imperial Palace"., which shows Emperor Meiji receiving the Meiji Constitution of 1889. The original, a full-colour triptych, was produced on commission and not distributed until 14 March 1889; prints had to get censor approval before distribution, while books and magazines did not have to be sent to the censors until after they began distribution. The parody replaces the Emperor with a skeleton and is captioned: "Promulgation Ceremony for the Sharpening of the Ready Wit Law".. The skeleton was a play on words of the name of magazine's publisher Miyatake Gaikotsu, whose given name is a homophone of the Japanese word "".

paragraph: Ginkō was imprisoned for a year and fined 50 yen for the offense. Miyatake was imprisoned for three years, all others involved were also given prison time, and the magazine was made to cease publication. Following his release, Ginkō continued to produce prints, the last known of which appeared in 1908. His date and place of death are unknown. Ginkō also worked under the art names Shinshō Ginkō, ) and Shōsai Ginkō, ), and was a member of the Utagawa school of ukiyo-e artists.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adachi Ginkō prints at ukiyo-e.org

alias:
Shōsetsusai
Shōsetsusai Ginkō
Shinshō
Shōsai
Adachi Heishichi
Shinshō Ginkō
Shōsai Ginkō
Shōunsai Ginkō

description: Japanese artist

wikidata_label: Adachi Ginkō

wikipedia_title: Adachi Ginkō


text: American football

text: defensive end

text: Pittsburgh Steelers

text: Pittsburgh Steelers

text: 2002 NFL Draft

text: college football

text: Brigham Young University

text: redshirted

text: BYU

text: Snow College

text: Pittsburgh Steelers

text: 2002 NFL Draft

text: contract

text: Kimo von Oelhoffen

text: New York Jets

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Josh Freeman

text: Super Bowl XLV

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

text: Super Bowl

text: Hasidic

text: Jew

text: Brett Keisel Official Website

text: Steelers Player Bio

categories: 1978 births,BYU Cougars football players,Latter Day Saints from Wyoming,Pittsburgh Steelers players,Players of American football from Utah,American football defensive ends,Players of American football from Wyoming,Super Bowl champions,Sportspeople from Provo, Utah,People from Greybull, Wyoming,Living people

paragraph: Brett Keisel

paragraph: Brett Keisel (born September 19, 1978) is a former American football defensive end who played 12 seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the seventh round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at Brigham Young University.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Keisel was redshirted his freshman year at BYU. He played defensive end his sophomore year and then the following year transferred to Snow College. He then returned to BYU to finish his college football career. Keisel had a total of 66 tackles, with 39 being solo tackles, 9 quarterback sacks, and 19 stops behind the line of scrimmage.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: The Pittsburgh Steelers selected Keisel in the seventh round (242nd overall) of the 2002 NFL Draft. Keisel was the 21st defensive end drafted in 2002.

paragraph: On July 23, 2002, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed Keisel to a three-year, $932,000 contract.

paragraph: In his rookie year, he made five appearances, making four tackles.

paragraph: In 2003, he was on the injured list for the entire season after undergoing surgery on a shoulder injury. He returned in the 2004 season with 13 appearances and nine tackles. The following year, he appeared in all 16 games recording 33 tackles and three sacks, the first of his NFL career. After the departure of Kimo von Oelhoffen via free agency for the New York Jets in March 2006, Brett signed a new four-year contract with the Steelers worth a reported 14 million dollars. That season, he won the 1st team position at right defensive end and played in all 16 games making 55 tackles and 5.5 sacks, a career-high. In 2007, he made 16 appearances recording 39 tackles and two sacks.

paragraph: On August 31, 2009, the Steelers signed Keisel to a new five-year contract worth $18.885 million, including a $5 million signing bonus.

paragraph: In 2010, Keisel had his first career interception and first career touchdown in week 3 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, when he intercepted a pass thrown by Josh Freeman and returned it 79 yards for a touchdown. At the end of the 2010 season, Keisel and the Steelers appeared in Super Bowl XLV against the Green Bay Packers. He was a starter in the game and recorded three total tackles in the 31–25 loss. Keisel was also added to the AFC Pro Bowl roster for the first time in his career.

paragraph: In 2014, following the expiration of his 2008 contract, Keisel entered free agency. While agent Eric Metz stated that Keisel "has every intention to continue to play football," no contract had yet been offered by the Steelers organization.

paragraph: On August 19, 2014, Keisel agreed to re-sign with the Steelers, signing a 2-year contract worth $3 million which includes a $500,000 signing bonus.

paragraph: On March 9, 2015, Keisel was released by the Steelers.

paragraph: In June 2015, Keisel announced his retirement.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Keisel lettered four times in football and basketball and twice in track at Greybull High School in Greybull, Wyoming. He was a four-time All-Conference selection and earned All-State honors as a tight end and linebacker (1995–96), was the USA Today Wyoming Player of the Year in his final season, and earned Sportslink Player of the Year and Conference Player of the Year honors in 1996.

paragraph: Brett Keisel is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

paragraph: Keisel excelled at both football and basketball and initially wanted to go to college for basketball. He researched the statistics of players that were in the NBA at the time and found that his size wouldn't compare to those playing basketball at the professional level. He then turned his attention and athletic ability to football.

paragraph: Brett is the son of Connie and Lane Keisel. He has three sisters: Peggy, Kalli, and Codi; and four brothers: Tom, Lance, Chris, and Chad. He is married to his high school sweetheart, Sarah. The couple has a ten-year-old son named Jacob and a eight-year-old daughter named Grace.

paragraph: Since retirement from football, Brett and his wife Sarah have been involved with numerous charitable organizations, including the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:"Da Beard".

paragraph: Keisel began growing "Da Beard" while on a summertime hunting trip with his father. Keisel's facial hair gained fame during the end of the 2010 NFL season. Many NFL players grow "rally beards" during the playoffs to bring them good luck. His beard has its own Facebook page and Twitter account and has been mentioned repeatedly in the media during the Steelers' playoff run. In an interview on Steelers.com, he explained that he had decided to grow out his beard after having a discussion about the lack of characters in the NFL. In another interview, though, to the "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette", he said he wanted to change the team's luck, because it missed the playoffs the previous season. Keisel refers to his beard as a "beautiful thing" and "the greatest beard of all time" and has encouraged other Steelers to grow beards as well. After the Super Bowl several videos were made about Keisel's beard, including one that portrayed him as a Hasidic Jew. On February 24, 2011, "Da Beard" was removed during a ceremony titled "Shear the Beard" in downtown Pittsburgh. The event raised over $40,000 for the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC. Keisel stated that "Da Beard" would most likely return for the upcoming season. "Da Beard will decide when the time is right to come back," he said, "and it will all of a sudden appear." Keisel dubbed the 2011 season "Da Beard Revenge Tour." On February 9, 2012, Keisel held "The Second Annual Shear the Beard Event." Just as in the previous year, proceeds raised went to the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. It was announced on January 8, 2013, that "The Third Annual Shear the Beard Event" would be held on February 7, 2013, at Jergel's Rhythm Grille in Warrendale, PA, with all proceeds benefiting the cancer program at Children's Hospital. It was announced on January 14, 2014, that "The Fourth Annual Shear the Beard Event" would be held on February 5, 2014, at Jergel's Rhythm Grille in Warrendale, PA, with all proceeds benefiting the cancer program at Children's Hospital. Shear Da Beard recently celebrated its eighth year, with Phil Bourque joining the event and shaving his beard. Shavers such as Ben Roethlisberger, James Harrison, Heath Miller, and Arthur Moats have taken part in the shaving of Keisel's beard.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brett Keisel Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steelers Player Bio

description: American football player, defensive end

wikidata_label: Brett Keisel

wikipedia_title: Brett Keisel


text: Portland

text: Oregon

text: Vit! Vit! Recordings

text: Marriage Records

text: triple LP

text: The Watery Graves of Portland

text: Davis Lee Hooker

text: YACHT

text: Phil Elverum

text: The Microphones

text: Mount Eerie

text: Geneviève Castrée

text: Adrian Orange & Her Band

text: LAKE

text: François & the Atlas Mountains

text: Rozi Plain

text: Dub Narcotic Studio

text: Olympia, WA

text: K Records

text: International Pop Underground

text: Tiny Mix Tapes

text: Drowned in Sound

text: Portland, OR

text: Rob Walmart

text: Jackie-O Motherfucker

text: White Rainbow

text: Valet

text: Kekaha

text: Hawai'i

text: Laura Marling

text: David Longstreth

text: Dirty Projectors

text: Charlie Fink

text: Noah And The Whale

text: Phil Elverum

text: Thee Moths

text: Adrian Orange at K Records

text: Thanksgiving at Bandcamp

categories: Musical groups from Portland, Oregon,1986 births

paragraph: Thanksgiving (band)

paragraph: Thanksgiving and Adrian Orange & Her Band are the names under which Portland, Oregon singer/songwriter Adrian Orange (born March 20, 1986) performs. First adopting the "Thanksgiving" moniker around 1999–2000, Orange played experimental folk music, often accompanying himself on guitar and self-recording his albums using analog equipment. While Thanksgiving is essentially a solo act, Orange often collaborates with other musicians in his recordings and performances.

paragraph: Section::::Overview.

paragraph: Section::::Overview.:Thanksgiving (1999-2006).

paragraph: Thanksgiving's debut "We Could Be Each Other's Evidence" was released by Vit! Vit! Recordings when Orange was just fifteen years old. In 2000 he co-founded Marriage Records with Curtis Knapp and released his second album "Nothing" on the label the following year. Orange was notably prolific during this period, releasing six albums (including one self-titled triple LP), three EPs and several singles under the name Thanksgiving on various labels. He also played drums in the instrumental group The Watery Graves of Portland alongside Knapp and Davis Lee Hooker, and toured and recorded with YACHT, Phil Elverum (The Microphones, Mount Eerie) and Geneviève Castrée.

paragraph: Section::::Overview.:Adrian Orange & Her Band (2006-07).

paragraph: In 2006 Orange released the LP "Bitches Is Lord" under his own name and toured the world with a nine-piece backing band, initially known as Child Slave Rebellion and later Adrian Orange & Her Band. The touring group, featuring members of LAKE, François & the Atlas Mountains and Rozi Plain, recreated older Thanksgiving material with new textures and instrumentation described variously as "rogue West African prison-funk" and "acid-tinged dub-jam nomad blues". In February 2007 the band reconvened at Dub Narcotic Studio in Olympia, WA to record a self-titled LP, released later that year on K Records. They also released the single "Interdependance Dance" as part of the label's long-running International Pop Underground 7" series.

paragraph: "Adrian Orange & Her Band" received mixed responses from critics, although Tiny Mix Tapes described the album as "groundbreaking" and Drowned in Sound praised it as "a vital snapshot of a singer engaged in a constant process of artistic discovery and renewal, with startling, fascinating, often wondrous results".

paragraph: Section::::Overview.:Recent projects.

paragraph: In late 2007 Orange adopted the moniker Lyllyys (and later AOK) and began performing with the greater Portland, OR experimental music scene including members of Rob Walmart, Jackie-O Motherfucker and White Rainbow. Around this time he contributed vocals to the LP "Naked Acid" by Valet and released two CDRs of free-form, electronic work.

paragraph: In 2011 Gnar Tapes released a double cassette of Orange's experimental recordings entitled "Deep Stain Doublest Dubba Dope Duba Stank Dank Tape". According to the label, Orange had "suffered a near complete mental collapse, triggered by all manners of fatigue" following his most recent world tour and for a time "very few were aware of [his] activities or whereabouts." He has since recorded and performed sporadically, at one point having relocated to Kekaha, Hawai'i.

paragraph: Section::::Influence on other musicians.

paragraph: Orange has been cited as an influence by Laura Marling and praised by the likes of David Longstreth (Dirty Projectors) and Charlie Fink (Noah And The Whale). Phil Elverum has described Orange as "an actual real-life lounging grass-grove poet who went on to write the best songs in human history."

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Could Be Each Other's Evidence" CD (2002, Vit! Vit! Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nothing" CD (2002, Marriage Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Welcome Nowhere" CDR/LP (2004, P.W. Elverum & Sun - re-released in 2007 with bonus material)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The River" CD (2005, Marriage Records/Hive-Fi Recordings)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thanksgiving" triple LP + CD (2005, Marriage Records/P.W. Elverum & Sun)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cave Days And Moments" CD (2006, Marriage Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bitches Is Lord" CD/LP (2006, Marriage Records - as Adrian Orange)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adrian Orange & Her Band" CD/LP (2007, K Records - as Adrian Orange & Her Band)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs, singles, cassettes and digital releases.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Now It Is All Over Like The Birds" CD EP (2004, Marriage Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lake At Night"/ "In The Lake" 7" single (2004, Marriage Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ghost & The Eyes w/ Trees in the Ground, Outside the Window" CD EP (2004, States Rights Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The "In The World" Or Six New Songs of Thanksgiving" 10" EP (2005, Marriage Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bitches Is Lord" / "We'll Die" (Live at Barden's Boudoir) lathe-cut 7" single (2006, Twenty Bees)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Twenty-Six Examples / Thanksgiving" split cassette EP with Thee Moths (2006, Undereducated)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Interdependance Dance" 7" (2007, K Records / International Pop Underground - as Adrian Orange & Her Band)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "AJO" CDR EP (2007, Marriage Records - as Lyllyy's Adrian Orange)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zone Out: The Prequel" CDR EP (2008, self-released - as AOK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deep Stain Doublest Dubba Dope Duba Stank Dank Tape" double cassette (2011, Gnar Tapes - as Adrian Orange)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Four Songs" cassette (2012, Gnar Tapes - as Adrian Orange)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blue Twilight" digital album (2013, Shatter Your Leaves - as Thanksgiving)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thanksgiving / R.Ariel" cassette (2014, Rubber Brothers Records)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adrian Orange at K Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thanksgiving at Marriage Records (archived)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thanksgiving at Bandcamp

paragraph: BULLET::::- All Things Are Thanksgiving (fan site with lyrics)

description: American musician and songwriter

wikidata_label: Thanksgiving

wikipedia_title: Thanksgiving (band)


text:
jazz
Columbia, Maryland
Peabody Institute
Chick Corea
Miles Davis
Herbie Hancock
Thelonious Monk
Wayne Shorter
McCoy Tyner
sideman
Phil Woods
Gary Bartz
Robin Eubanks
Billy Higgins
Lee Konitz
Nicholas Payton
Steve Wilson
Richard Bona
Cassandra Wilson
Christian McBride
Buster Williams
Al Foster
Don Byron
Benny Golson
Lonnie Plaxico
Vanessa Rubin
Vancouver International Jazz Festival
Festival of New Trumpet Music
Juilliard School
Aqua Books
Kerry Politzer
Lee Konitz
Pride
Gary Thomas
Found on Sordid Streets
Buster Williams
Griot Libertè
georgecolligan.com

categories: American jazz pianists,1969 births,Living people,21st-century male musicians,SteepleChase Records artists,American male pianists,20th-century American pianists,20th-century male musicians,21st-century American pianists

paragraph: George Colligan

paragraph: George Colligan (born December 29, 1969) is a jazz pianist, organist, drummer, trumpeter, educator, composer, and bandleader.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Colligan was born in New Jersey, and raised in Columbia, Maryland. He attended the Peabody Institute, majoring in classical trumpet and music education. In high school he learned to play the drums and later switched to piano. His playing is influenced by Chick Corea, Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock, Thelonious Monk, Wayne Shorter, and McCoy Tyner. Colligan's style is eclectic; it incorporates everything from show tunes to funk, from free improvisation to modern classical music.

paragraph: As a sideman, he has worked with Phil Woods, Gary Bartz, Robin Eubanks, Billy Higgins, Lee Konitz, Nicholas Payton, Steve Wilson, Richard Bona, Cassandra Wilson, Christian McBride, Buster Williams, Al Foster, Don Byron, Benny Golson, Lonnie Plaxico, and Vanessa Rubin.

paragraph: Colligan received a Chamber Music America Award for composition and won the Jazzconnect.com Award. He has released over twenty albums as a leader and has recorded on over 100 albums as a sideman.

paragraph: Colligan has performed at festivals all over the world, including the North Sea Jazz Festival, the Edinburgh Jazz & Blues Festival, Vancouver International Jazz Festival, and the Cancun Jazz Festival. In 2007, for the first time, he played trumpet with the trio Mr. Trumpet at the annual Festival of New Trumpet Music in New York City. He taught at the Juilliard School.

paragraph: In September 2009, Colligan moved to Winnipeg, Canada, to teach at the University of Manitoba. He taught jazz history, piano, drums, trumpet, and led master classes. He was songwriter-in-residence at Aqua Books from February to March 2011.

paragraph: In July 2011, Colligan moved to Portland, Oregon, to teach at Portland State University.

paragraph: Colligan is married to jazz pianist Kerry Politzer.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Lee Konitz

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pride" (SteepleChase, 1999)

paragraph: With Gary Thomas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Found on Sordid Streets" (Winter & Winter, 1997)

paragraph: With Buster Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Griot Libertè" (HighNote, 2004)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- georgecolligan.com

description: American musician

wikidata_label: George Colligan

wikipedia_title: George Colligan


text:
architect
Leineschloss
Marktkirche
Hanover
kestnergesellschaft
Oder-Dam
Bauhaus
Dessau
University of Stuttgart
Paul Schmitthenner
Weimar Republic

categories: Braunschweig University of Technology faculty,1994 deaths,1911 births,20th-century German architects

paragraph: Dieter Oesterlen

paragraph: Dieter Oesterlen (April 5, 1911 – April 6, 1994) was German architect. He re-built the Leineschloss, the Marktkirche, and the opera house all in Hanover after the destruction of World War II.

paragraph: Oesterlen's father was the chief engineer of a turbine factory in Heidenheim. His family left the town for Berlin during World War I. From Berlin they moved again to Hanover after his father was appointed professor of turbine technology at the local technical college. The foundations to Oesterlen's training in architecture began here. He regularly visited exhibitions at the kestnergesellschaft. He attended evening classes in freehand drawing at the School of Applied Arts. As a young man he worked in some unorthodox places. For instance, after completing high school he worked, as part of his practical requirements, at the construction site of the Oder-Dam as a carpenter. He was a great observer and absorbed much by merely going from place to place. Before he began a formal training as an architect he was already a “student” of architecture. The strict objectivity of the Bauhaus building in Dessau, which Oesterlen visited in the years before he started his architectural degree, made a lasting impression on him.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: In 1930 Oesterlen enrolled at the University of Stuttgart, where he trained under Paul Schmitthenner. The latter's conservative architectural philosophy, which later went on to be known as the Stuttgart School, was as far removed from the Bauhaus ideals as it could be. This did create a dilemma for Oesterlen. But he was also drawn to Schmitthenner's philosophy of looking at a building's design and detail as a homogeneous whole.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: After graduating from the University Oesterlen worked for a year at Hugo Keuerleber in Stuttgart. Then he enrolled at the TH Berlin-Charlottenburg. There he initially with Heinrich Tessenowstraße, but changed a semester later to learning from Poelzig, who was at that time regarded as the best teacher of architecture in the Weimar Republic.

description: German architect

wikidata_label: Dieter Oesterlen

wikipedia_title: Dieter Oesterlen


text:
American football
linebacker
Detroit Lions
1999 NFL Draft
college football
Wisconsin–Stevens Point
Detroit Lions
special teams
Pittsburgh Steelers
Super Bowl XL
Seattle Seahawks
rookie
WDFN
Detroit
We Wish You a Merry Christmas
running back
Shiocton High School
linebacker
Freedom High School
Freedom, Wisconsin
Pittsburgh Steelers bio

categories: People from Freedom, Outagamie County, Wisconsin,1976 births,Detroit Lions players,Players of American football from Wisconsin,Pittsburgh Steelers players,Super Bowl champions,People from Bovina, Wisconsin,American football linebackers,Wisconsin–Stevens Point Pointers football players,Living people

paragraph: Clint Kriewaldt

paragraph: Clint Kriewaldt (born March 16, 1976) is a former American football linebacker. He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the sixth round of the 1999 NFL Draft. He played college football at Wisconsin–Stevens Point.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: His first four seasons in the NFL were spent with the Detroit Lions, where he spent most of his time as a backup and on special teams. He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 2003–2007.

paragraph: He made the opening tackle in Super Bowl XL against the Seattle Seahawks. On February 22, 2008 the Steelers released him; Kriewaldt's career was reportedly in jeopardy due to an injury.

paragraph: Section::::In the media.

paragraph: Kriewaldt became a bit of a folk hero in his rookie season among listeners of WDFN in Detroit, despite (or likely due to) his third-string status. The staff recorded a parody of the Christmas standard "We Wish You a Merry Christmas", which went:

paragraph: ""We wish you a merry Kriewaldt", "We wish you a merry Kriewaldt," "We wish you a merry Kriewaldt...""

paragraph: followed by Kriewaldt himself singing the line:

paragraph: ""And I hope that I play.""

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Kriewaldt was an All-State running back at Shiocton High School, earned All-Region and All-Conference honors as running back and linebacker as a prep senior in 1993, was the 1993 Offensive Player of the Year in Central Wisconsin Conference (large schools), earned Team MVP and team captain in 1993, and set school rushing records for most career yards (3,357), single-season yards (1,552) and single-game yards (317). He earned his college degree in 2000 offseason. Kriewaldt is married. He is now the head coach for Freedom High School football team in Freedom, Wisconsin where he lives.

paragraph: Kriewaldt ran for Outagamie County sheriff in the Primary election on August 14, 2018. His win was a landslide compared to the opposition. His opponents included Co-worker Deputy John Brylski, former Marine, and Alex Bebris. Alex Bebris was described by the Post Crescent as a “lightning rod for controversy”. Several non-disclosure agreements leave Alex Bebris’ true work history shrouded in mystery.

paragraph: Following the election, Alex Bebris was arrested on federal charges related to possession of child pornography and is currently incarcerated.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pittsburgh Steelers bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Clint Kriewaldt

wikipedia_title: Clint Kriewaldt


text:
ice hockey
Calgary Inferno
Canadian Women's Hockey League
Canada women's national ice hockey team
2014 4 Nations Cup
Shattuck-St. Mary's
Sidney Crosby
Jillian Saulnier
Alex Normore
Kamloops
Wisconsin Badgers
NCAA
Canadian Tire Centre
Les Canadiennes de Montreal

categories: Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia,Olympic ice hockey players of Canada,Calgary Inferno players,Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Clarkson Cup champions,Olympic silver medalists for Canada,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States,Olympic medalists in ice hockey,Ice hockey players at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Canadian women's ice hockey players,1993 births,People from Pictou County, Nova Scotia,Living people

paragraph: Blayre Turnbull

paragraph: Blayre Turnbull (born July 15, 1993) is a women's ice hockey player for the Calgary Inferno of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. She made her debut with the Canada women's national ice hockey team at the 2014 4 Nations Cup.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Turnbull attended Shattuck-St. Mary's prep school in Minnesota. This was the same school Sidney Crosby attended. As a junior, she appeared in 52 contests while gaining 60 points (on 30 goals and 30 assists).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Hockey Canada.

paragraph: She participated with Team Atlantic (alongside teammates such as Jillian Saulnier and Alex Normore) at the 2009 Canadian Under 19 nationals. She participated in the shootout for Team Atlantic in the quarterfinals versus Team Ontario Blue in a losing effort. On two separate occasions, she attended training camp for the 2010 and 2011 IIHF World Women's under-18. For the 2011 camp, Turnbull was one of only two Nova Scotians who were invited. In 2016, she made the Canadian National Women's team and competed in the world championships in Kamloops, BC.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:NCAA.

paragraph: The 2011–12 Wisconsin Badgers season marked her first with the club. In a match versus the Lindenwood Lady Lions on September 25, 2011, she scored her first career NCAA goal. She holds various UW records and holds the NCAA record for shorthanded goals in a season. She was the captain of the Wisconsin Badgers in her junior and senior year, and is a NCAA champion. She played for the Badgers for a total of four seasons, identifying herself in her Twitter account as having graduated in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:CWHL.

paragraph: Turnbull helped the Calgary Inferno capture their first-ever Clarkson Cup championship in 2016. Contested at Ottawa's Canadian Tire Centre, she scored twice in an 8–3 victory over Les Canadiennes de Montreal.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blayre Turnbull, WCHA Rookie of the Week (Week of October 5, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 Wisconsin Badgers Rookie of the Year

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Blayre Turnbull

wikipedia_title: Blayre Turnbull


text:
By
Sweden
cross-country skier
1998 Olympic Winter Games
Nagano
2002 Olympic Winter Games
Salt Lake City
2006 Olympic Winter Games
Turin
Tjejvasan
Vasaloppet
Worldloppet
IFK Mora
International Ski Federation (FIS)
Profile at FIS
Profil påsports-reference.com

categories: Cross-country skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics,Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Swedish female cross-country skiers,Olympic cross-country skiers of Sweden,Cross-country skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics,Living people,1973 births

paragraph: Elin Ek (cross-country skier)

paragraph: Elin Ek, (born 31 August 1973 in By, Sweden), is a Swedish cross-country skier. She participated at the 1998 Olympic Winter Games in Nagano, the 2002 Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City and the 2006 Olympic Winter Games in Turin. Elin won the Tjejvasan in 1999 and 2006. and the Vasaloppet main women's event in 2007. She also won the women's Worldloppet in the 2006/2007 season.

paragraph: She won the Swedish national championships at the distances of 10 kilometers in 2006, 30 kilometers in 2003 and 2004, and pursuit in 2003 and 2004, skiathlon in 2007 and sprint in 2003. In 2008, she was also part of IFK Mora's team, winning the relay event.

paragraph: Section::::World Cup results.

paragraph: All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

paragraph: Section::::World Cup results.:Team podiums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2 podiums – (1 , 1 )

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at FIS

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profil påsports-reference.com

description: Swedish female cross-country skier

wikidata_label: Elin Ek

wikipedia_title: Elin Ek (cross-country skier)


text: Albaida

text: Valencia

text: cartoonist

text: Eustaquio

text: Vicente Segrelles

text: Escola de la Llotja

text: Barcelona

text: photography

text: London

text: The Illustrated London News

text: The Sketch

text: Scandinavia

text: The Illustrated London News

text: Upper West Side

text: New York City

text: Redbook

text: The Cosmopolitan

text: James Montgomery Flagg

text: Joanne Cummings

text: model

text: International Art Center Roerich Museum

text: pallette

text: Maxfield Parrish

text: Blue Parrish

text: List of Orientalist artists

text: Orientalism

text: Segrelles Museum

text: Vicente Segrelles

text: Website dedicated to Josep Segrelles

categories: 1885 births,19th-century Spanish painters,Orientalist painters,1969 deaths,Spanish male painters,20th-century Spanish painters

paragraph: Josep Segrelles

paragraph: Josep Segrelles Albert was a painter and Valencian illustrator born in Albaida, (Valencia) in Spain, in 1885, and died in the same town in 1969. He was the uncle of cartoonists and painters Eustaquio and Vicente Segrelles.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He studied in the Saint Charles Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Valencia and at Escola de la Llotja in Barcelona, where he moved beig young. His first job was in a photography studio, working with illumination.

paragraph: In 1926, already consecrated as an artist in Spain, Segrelles receives his first English lessons, foreseeing a possible departure to England. That very year he made an exhibition in London, obtaining more loses than incomes, but on 8 September 1926 he received an offer from British magazines "The Illustrated London News" and "The Sketch". Due his appearances in "The Sketch", Segrelles would also receive offers from Scandinavian press. He would also publish in "The Illustrated London News"s Christmas special in 1927, being a regular signature in the Christmas specials until 1934.

paragraph: He would contact with American publishing industry in 1927, getting an offer for artistical representation in the States the following year. Segrelles would set in Upper West Side, New York City in October, 1928. His first job was for "Redbook" magazine, and he would work also for "The Cosmopolitan" since 1930, the very same year of his first pictorical exhibition. By those ages, Cosmopolitan was one of the most sold magazines in America, consecrating Segrelles alongside with other illustrators like James Montgomery Flagg. In 1930 Segrelles would met Joanne Cummings, "Miss Cummings", who become his model.

paragraph: In 1931, Segrelles exhibited at International Art Center Roerich Museum. US press coined the term "Blue Segrelles" referring to his dark pallette. The term was a comparison to Maxfield Parrish's "Blue Parrish".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Orientalist artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orientalism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Segrelles Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vicente Segrelles

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website dedicated to Josep Segrelles

alias:
José Segrelles Albert
José Segreles
José Segrelles
José Gabriel Segrelles Albert

description: Spanish painter (1885-1969)

wikidata_label: Josep Segrelles

wikipedia_title: Josep Segrelles


text: Catholic

text: biologist

text: physiologist

text: animal echolocation

text: biogenesis

text: preformationism

text: Pasteur

text: Scandiano

text: province of Reggio Emilia

text: Pavia

text: Jesuit

text: University of Bologna

text: Laura Bassi

text: natural philosophy

text: mathematics

text: logic

text: metaphysics

text: Greek

text: Reggio

text: ordained

text: St Petersburg

text: Maria Theresa

text: University of Pavia

text: Mediterranean Sea

text: Fellow of the Royal Society

text: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

text: Padua University

text: Turkey

text: Chalki

text: Principi

text: Vienna

text: Joseph II

text: Pavia

text: Vesuvius

text: Lipari Islands

text: Sicily

text: Buffon

text: Lavoisier

text: Voltaire

text: stone skipping

text: volcanology

text: meteorology

text: spontaneous generation

text: microbe

text: matter

text: Louis Pasteur

text: mammal

text: semen

text: ovum

text: in vitro fertilization

text: artificial insemination

text: newts

text: tardigrades

text: Binomial Nomenclature

text: animal echolocation

text: digestion

text: trituration

text: chemical solution

text: gastric juice

text: fertilization

text: Portovenere

text: Tardigrades

text: Preformationism

text: John Needham

text: Paul de Kruif

text: INRA

text: Biography at the Catholic Encyclopedia

text: Museum of Lazzaro Spallanzani in Pavia

categories: Italian entomologists,Italian scientists,Deaths from bladder cancer,People from Scandiano,Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,Fellows of the Royal Society,1729 births,Catholic clergy scientists,1799 deaths,Italian Roman Catholic priests,Italian biologists

paragraph: Lazzaro Spallanzani

paragraph: Lazzaro Spallanzani (; 10 January 1729 – 12 February 1799) was an Italian Catholic priest, biologist and physiologist who made important contributions to the experimental study of bodily functions, animal reproduction, and animal echolocation. His research of biogenesis paved the way for the downfall of preformationism theory (the idea that organisms develop from miniature versions of themselves), though the final death blow to preformationism was dealt by Pasteur.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Spallanzani was born in Scandiano in the modern province of Reggio Emilia and died in Pavia, Italy. He was educated at the Jesuit College and started to study law at the University of Bologna, which he gave up soon and turned to science. Here, his famous kinswoman, Laura Bassi, was professor of physics and it is to her influence that his scientific impulse has been usually attributed. With her he studied natural philosophy and mathematics, and gave also great attention to languages, both ancient and modern, but soon abandoned them.

paragraph: In 1754, at the age of 25, he became professor of logic, metaphysics and Greek in the University of Reggio. In 1762 he was ordained as a priest, 1763 he was moved to Modena, where he continued to teach with great assiduity and success, but devoted his whole leisure to natural science. He declined many offers from other Italian universities and from St Petersburg until 1768, when he accepted the invitation of Maria Theresa to the chair of natural history in the University of Pavia, which was then being reorganized. He also became director of the museum, which he greatly enriched by the collections of his many journeys along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. In June 1768 Spallanzani was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1775 was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: In 1785 he was invited to Padua University, but to retain his services his sovereign doubled his salary and allowed him leave of absence for a visit to Turkey where he remained nearly a year and made many observations, among which may be noted those of a copper mine in Chalki and of an iron mine at Principi. His return home was almost a triumphal progress: at Vienna he was cordially received by Joseph II and on reaching Pavia he was met with acclamations outside the city gates by the students of the university.

paragraph: During the following year his students exceeded five hundred. While he was travelling in the Balkans and to Constantinople, His integrity in the management of the museum was called in question (he was accused of the theft of specimens from the University's collection to add to his own cabinet of curiosities), with letters written across Europe to damage Spallanzani's reputation. A judicial investigation speedily cleared his honour to the satisfaction of some of his accusers. But Spallanzani got his revenge on his principal accuser, a jealous colleague, by planting a fake specimen of a composite "species". When his colleague published the remarkable specimen Spallanzani revealed the joke, resulting in wide ridicule and humiliation.

paragraph: In 1788 he visited Vesuvius and the volcanoes of the Lipari Islands and Sicily, and embodied the results of his researches in a large work ("Viaggi alle due Sicilie ed in alcune parti dell'Appennino"), published four years later.

paragraph: He died from bladder cancer on 12 February 1799, in Pavia. After his death, his bladder was removed for study by his colleagues, after which it was placed on public display in a museum in Pavia, where it remains to this day.

paragraph: His indefatigable exertions as a traveller, his skill and good fortune as a collector, his brilliance as a teacher and expositor, and his keenness as a controversialist no doubt aid largely in accounting for Spallanzani's exceptional fame among his contemporaries; his letters account for his close relationships with many famed scholars and philosophers, like Buffon, Lavoisier, and Voltaire. Yet greater qualities were by no means lacking. His life was one of incessant eager questioning of nature on all sides, and his many and varied works all bear the stamp of a fresh and original genius, capable of stating and solving problems in all departments of science—at one time finding the true explanation of stone skipping (formerly attributed to the elasticity of water) and at another helping to lay the foundations of our modern volcanology and meteorology.

paragraph: Section::::Discoveries.

paragraph: Spallanzani researched in 1768 the theory of the spontaneous generation of microbes. At the time, the microscope was already available to researchers, and using it, the proponents of the theory, Buffon and Needham, came to the conclusion that there is a life-generating force inherent to certain kinds of inorganic matter that causes living microbes to create themselves if given sufficient time. Spallanzani's experiment showed that it is not an inherent feature of matter, and that it can be destroyed by an hour of boiling. As the microbes did not re-appear as long as the material was hermetically sealed, he proposed that microbes move through the air and that they could be killed through boiling. Needham argued that experiments destroyed the "vegetative force" that was required for spontaneous generation to occur. Spallanzani paved the way for research by Louis Pasteur, who defeated the theory of spontaneous generation almost a century later.

paragraph: Spallanzani discovered and described animal (mammal) reproduction, showing that it requires both semen and an ovum. He was the first to perform in vitro fertilization, with frogs, and an artificial insemination, using a dog. Spallanzani showed that some animals, especially newts, can regenerate some parts of their body if injured or surgically removed. Spallanzani is also credited with the classification of tardigrades, which are one of the most durable extremophiles still to this day. (See Binomial Nomenclature)

paragraph: Spallanzani is also famous for extensive experiments on the navigation in complete darkness by bats, where he concluded that bats do not use their eyes for navigation in total darkness, but some other sense (see animal echolocation). He was the pioneer of the original study of echolocation, though his study was limited to what he could observe. Later scientists moved onto studies of the sensory mechanisms and processing of this information.

paragraph: His great work, however is the "Dissertationi di fisica animale e vegetale" (2 vols, 1780). Here he first interpreted the process of digestion, which he proved to be no mere mechanical process of trituration – that is, of grinding up the food – but one of actual chemical solution, taking place primarily in the stomach, by the action of the gastric juice. He also carried out important researches on fertilization in animals (1780).

paragraph: Section::::Spallanzani and the fossils.

paragraph: Spallanzani studied the formation and origin of marine fossils found in distant regions of the sea and over the ridge mountains in some regions of Europe, which resulted in the publication in 1755 of a small dissertation, "Dissertazione sopra i corpi marino-montani then presented at the meeting the Accademia degli Ipocondriaci di Reggio Emilia". Although aligned to one of the trends of his time, which attributed the occurrence of marine fossils on mountains to the natural movement of the sea, not the universal flood, Spallanzani developed his own hypothesis, based on the dynamics of the forces that changed the state of the Earth after God's creation.

paragraph: A few years later, Spallanzani published reports about trips he made to Portovenere, Cerigo Island, and Two Sicilies, addressing important issues such as the discovery of fossil shells within volcanic rocks, human fossils, and the existence of fossils of extinct species. His concern with fossil witness how, in the style of the eighteenth century, Spallanzani integrated studies of the three kingdoms of nature.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tardigrades

paragraph: BULLET::::- Preformationism

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Needham

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: General

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul de Kruif, "Microbe Hunters" (2002 reprint)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nordenskiöld, E. P. 1935 [Spallanzani, L.] "Hist. of Biol". 247–248

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rostand, J. 1997, "Lazzaro Spallanzani e le origini della biologia sperimentale", Torino, Einaudi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prestes & Faria. 2011, "Lazzaro Spallanzani and the fossils", Manguinhos, 18(4), p.1005-1020 ( http://www.scielo.br/pdf/hcsm/v18n4/en_03.pdf ).

paragraph: Work on insects

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conci, C. & Poggi, R. 1996 Iconography of Italian Entomologists, with essential biographical data. "Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital". 75 159–382.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gibelli, V. 1971 "L. Spallanzani". Pavia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lhoste, J. 1987 "Les entomologistes français. 1750–1950". INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Osborn, H. 1946 "Fragments of Entomological History Including Some Personal Recollections of Men and Events". Columbus, Ohio, Published by the Author.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Osborn, H. 1952 "A Brief History of Entomology Including Time of Demosthenes and Aristotle to Modern Times with over Five Hundred Portraits".Columbus, Ohio, The Spahr & Glenn Company.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the Catholic Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica

paragraph: BULLET::::- Page describing, with pictures, some of Lazzaro Spallanzani's memories

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Lazzaro Spallanzani in Pavia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site of "Centro Studi Lazzaro Spallanzani" (Scandiano)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zoologica Göttingen State and University Library/a Digitised "Viaggi alle due Sicilie e in alcune parti dell'Appennino"

description: Italian priest, biologist and physiologist

wikidata_label: Lazzaro Spallanzani

wikipedia_title: Lazzaro Spallanzani


text:
singer
songwriter
Rio de Janeiro
Raul Seixas
Renato Russo
Os Mutantes
Barão Vermelho
Brazilian rock
Cartola
Lupicinio Rodrigues
Dolores Duran
Maysa
London
Led Zeppelin
Janis Joplin
The Rolling Stones
journalism
San Francisco
Beat literature
Léo Jaime
Barão Vermelho
Brazilian rock
Rock in Rio
Barão Vermelho
Caetano Veloso
AIDS
blues
Oswald de Andrade
Cartola's
Raul Seixas's
Caetano Veloso's
O Tempo não Pára
Red Hot + Rio
Red Hot Organization
Bebel Gilberto
AIDS
openly
bisexual
LGBT movement
person with AIDS
AIDS prevention
HIV-positive
Daniel de Oliveira
Cazuza: O Tempo não Para
São Paulo
Barão Vermelho
Barão Vermelho 2
Maior Abandonado
Ideologia
Um Trem para as Estrelas
Cazuza - O Tempo Não Pára
Official site
Biography

categories: Brazilian socialists,Alternative rock singers,LGBT singers,Brazilian composers,Brazilian male singers,Bisexual musicians,LGBT composers,20th-century composers,Bisexual men,1958 births,1990 deaths,20th-century Brazilian singers,AIDS-related deaths in Brazil,LGBT songwriters,Brazilian rock singers,LGBT musicians from Brazil,Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)

paragraph: Cazuza

paragraph: Agenor de Miranda Araújo Neto, better known as Cazuza (; 4 April 1958 – 7 July 1990), was a Brazilian singer and songwriter, born in Rio de Janeiro. Along with Raul Seixas, Renato Russo and Os Mutantes, Cazuza, both while fronting Barão Vermelho and at solo career, is considered one of the best exponents of Brazilian rock music. In his 9-year career, he sold more than 5 million albums and achieved 11 number one singles and 18 Top 10 singles in Brazil.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and influences.

paragraph: Son of the record producer João Araújo and the amateur singer Maria Lúcia Araújo, Cazuza always had close contact with music. Influenced since early childhood by the strong values of Brazilian music, he had a special preference for the sad, dramatic overtones of Cartola, Lupicinio Rodrigues, Dolores Duran, and Maysa. He began to write lyrics and poems around 1965. In late 1974, a vacation in London, England, acquainted him with the music of Led Zeppelin, Janis Joplin and The Rolling Stones, and he soon became a great fan. Cazuza enrolled in college in 1978, but abandoned the course of journalism three weeks later to work with his father at Som Livre. He moved later to San Francisco, where he came in contact with Beat literature, becoming highly influenced by it.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Barão Vermelho.

paragraph: In 1980 he returned to Rio, where he worked with the theatrical group "Asdrúbal Trouxe o Trombone" (Asdrúbal Brought the Trombone). There he was noticed by the novice singer/composer Léo Jaime, who introduced him to a beginning rock band that needed a vocalist, the Barão Vermelho. With this very successful eighties Brazilian rock band, who had their greatest success with "Bete Balanço", a song that was part of the soundtrack of a film, Cazuza began his career as a singer. In 1985, Cazuza took part in Rock in Rio with "Barão Vermelho" (Red Baron), and around this time, Caetano Veloso claimed he was the greatest Brazilian poet of his generation. It was also in this same year that Cazuza was infected with the AIDS virus, precipitating his desire to leave the band in order to obtain a greater freedom in composition and expression, both musically and lyrically.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Solo career.

paragraph: After he left the band, Cazuza's music began to diversify, incorporating elements of the blues in songs such as "Blues da Piedade" (Blues of Compassion), "Só as mães são felizes" (Only Mothers Are Happy) and "Balada da Esplanada" (Ballad of the Esplanade), which was based on a poem of the same name by Oswald de Andrade; showcasing increasingly intimate lyrics, like those in "Só se for a Dois" (Only If It Will Be as a Couple), as well as opening itself up to influences from Brazilian pop music with interpretations of Cartola's "O Mundo é um Moinho" (The World is a Windmill), Raul Seixas's "Cavalos Calados" (Silent Horses) and Caetano Veloso's "Esse Cara" (This Guy).

paragraph: Contrary to what usually happens once an artist leaves a band that has made them famous, Cazuza's solo career proved to be more successful than that of his former group. "Exagerado" (Exaggerated), "O Tempo não Pára" (Time Doesn't Stop), and "Ideologia" (Ideology) were his greatest hits and proved to be a great influence on subsequent Brazilian musicians.

paragraph: In 1996, Cazuza was featured in the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Rio produced by the Red Hot Organization, performing the song "Preciso Dizer que Te Amo" in a duet with Bebel Gilberto.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Final years.

paragraph: In 1989, he admitted publicly for the first time that he had AIDS and released his last album in life: "Burguesia". Cazuza was openly bisexual but was not active in the LGBT movement. However, his openness about being a person with AIDS helped to change public perceptions and attitudes about HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: Cazuza died in Rio de Janeiro on July 7, 1990 at the age of 32. He was buried at the Cemitério São João Batista Botafogo, in Rio de Janeiro. Cazuza's mother set up the Viva Cazuza Society ("Sociedade Viva Cazuza"), a charity which sponsors AIDS prevention and provides a home for HIV-positive children

paragraph: Section::::Other media.

paragraph: A biopic starring Daniel de Oliveira and directed by Sandra Werneck called "Cazuza: O Tempo não Para" (""Cazuza: Time Doesn't Stop"") was released in 2004.

paragraph: In 2014, the biographic musical Cazuza - Pro Dia Nascer Feliz opened in São Paulo. It featured songs from Cazuza's solo career as well as from his time as frontman of Barão Vermelho. The musical was directed by João Fonseca and toured Brazil for two years.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Barão Vermelho.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982: "Barão Vermelho 120,000 - Gold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: "Barão Vermelho 2 180,000 - Gold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: "Bete Balanço (Original Soundtrack)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: "Maior Abandonado 800,000 - Platinum

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: "Barão Vermelho Ao Vivo"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Exagerado 750,000 - Platinum 2x

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987: "Só se for a dois 600,000 - Platinum

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: "Ideologia 2,000,000 - Diamond

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: "O tempo não pára 1,800,000 - Diamond

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: "Burguesia 850,000 - Platinum 2x

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "Por aí 600,000 - Platinum

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "O Poeta Está Vivo - Ao Vivo no Teatro Ipanema 1987 250,000 - Platinum

paragraph: Section::::Films.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bete Balanço", 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Um Trem para as Estrelas", 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cazuza - O Tempo Não Pára", 2004 (biopic)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

alias:
Agenor de Miranda Araújo Neto
Agenor de Miranda Araujo Neto

description: Brazilian composer and singer

wikidata_label: Cazuza

wikipedia_title: Cazuza


text: Frankfurt

text: Scarsdale, New York

text: coronary artery bypass graft

text: internal thoracic artery

text: angiography

text: angina

text: Michael Debakey

text: Christiaan Barnard

text: Cape Town

text: Albert Einstein College of Medicine

text: Bronx Municipal Hospital

categories: Goethe University Frankfurt alumni,1910 births,Scientists from Frankfurt,Yeshiva University faculty,2000 deaths,German cardiac surgeons,American surgeons

paragraph: Robert H. Goetz

paragraph: Robert Hans Goetz (17 April 1910, Frankfurt – 15 December 2000, Scarsdale, New York) was the surgeon who performed the first successful clinical (i.e., human) coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The surgery was performed May 2, 1960 using the left internal thoracic artery. The graft remained patent, as demonstrated by angiography, and the patient remained free of angina for one year. While names such as Michael Debakey, Christiaan Barnard (a student of Goetz in Cape Town), and others are well known, Goetz gained little recognition.

paragraph: Goetz was associate professor of surgery at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 1957 and later professor of surgery at Bronx Municipal Hospital in 1961. He retired in 1982.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert H. Goetz: The First Coronary Bypass

paragraph: BULLET::::- Konstantinov, IE (June 2000). "Robert H. Goetz: the surgeon who performed the first successful clinical coronary bypass operation. Ann Thorac Surg 69 (6): 1966-72.

description: surgeon

wikidata_label: Robert H. Goetz

wikipedia_title: Robert H. Goetz


text: Oskaloosa, Iowa

text: rag

text: Census

text: Jerome H. Remick and Company

text: Keokuk County, Iowa

text: List of ragtime composers

categories: 1908 deaths,American male composers,American composers,Ragtime composers,People from Bellaire, Ohio,People from Oskaloosa, Iowa,1883 births

paragraph: Clarence C. Wiley

paragraph: Clarence C. Wiley (October 25, 1883 – March 2, 1908) was an American pharmacist from Oskaloosa, Iowa who won fame for his folk rag entitled "Car-Balick-Acid Rag".

paragraph: According to Census records, he was one of five children born to Benson and Ella Wiley.

paragraph: Wiley copyrighted his composition on August 9, 1901. Giles Brothers purchased his rag in 1904 and sold it in turn to Jerome H. Remick and Company in 1907. It was published as sheet music and also in the form of a player piano roll.

paragraph: He died in 1908 from a morphine overdose and was buried in Keokuk County, Iowa.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of ragtime composers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MIDI file of Car-Balick-Acid Rag derived from a scanned player piano roll

description: American ragtime composer

wikidata_label: Clarence C. Wiley

wikipedia_title: Clarence C. Wiley


text:
German
Gera
Thuringia
Friedrich Philipp Reinhold
Dresden
Vienna
Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien
Dominique Vivant, Baron de Denon
Napoleon
Johann Christoph Erhard
Italy
Rome
Naples
Sicily
Prince Lobkowitz
Protestant Cemetery, Rome
Bertel Thorvaldsen
Romanticism
Joseph Anton Koch
Österreichische Galerie
Wuppertal
Von der Heydt Museum
Munich
Neue Pinakothek

categories: German male painters,German romantic painters,German landscape painters,People from Gera,Burials in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome,19th-century German painters,1825 deaths,1788 births

paragraph: Heinrich Reinhold

paragraph: Johann Heinrich Carl Reinhold (18 July 1788–15 January 1825) was a German painter and engraver.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Heinrich Reinhold was born in Gera, Thuringia, the younger half-brother of the landscape painter Friedrich Philipp Reinhold (1779-1840). He studied first in Dresden at the Academy of Fine Arts ("Akademie der bildenden Künste"). In 1806 he moved to his brother in Vienna, where he attended the Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien. Here he came to the notice of the General Director of Museums in Paris, Dominique Vivant, Baron de Denon, and on his advice moved to Paris in 1809. He remained there for five years, during which he was occupied on a work about the campaigns of Napoleon. He returned to Vienna, and then in 1819 accompanied the painter Johann Christoph Erhard to Italy. After spending time in Rome and Naples he toured Sicily in the company of Prince Lobkowitz. Once back in Rome, he tried to dissuade his friend Erhard from committing suicide, but not only failed to do so but also in the attempt fell terminally ill himself, and died at the age of 36. He was buried in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome, where his monument features sculpture by Bertel Thorvaldsen.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Apart from his illustration work, Reinhold was principally a landscape artist. After becoming familiar with the ideas of Romanticism in Vienna, he belonged to the circle of German painters in Rome who were principally influenced by Joseph Anton Koch.

paragraph: His works include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Watzmann vom Wimbachtal aus" (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie), 1818, oil on panel

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Küste bei Pozzuoli" (Wuppertal, Von der Heydt Museum, Inv. Nr. G 0601), after 1819, oil on canvas, 43 x 59,5 cm

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Landschaft bei Olevano", pencil on tracing paper, 31,6 x 41,3 cm

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blick von Olevano auf die Campagna" (Munich, Neue Pinakothek), 1822, oil on paper, 12,6 x 21,6 cm

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Terrasse des Kapuzinerklosters in Sorrent" (Munich, Neue Pinakothek, Inv. Nr. WAF 819), c. 1823/24, oil on canvas, 41,7 x 54,8 cm

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Landschaft bei Berchtesgaden, auf dem Weg zum Königssee", (I. Tremmel Collection), pencil on vellum, 29,5 x 42,4 cm

description: German painter and engraver (1788-1825)

wikidata_label: Heinrich Reinhold

wikipedia_title: Heinrich Reinhold


text:
Norman conquest of England
William the Conqueror
Battle of Hastings
Richard, Count of Évreux
anachronism
companions of William the Conqueror
tenancy-in-chiefdom
Henry I
Battle of Tinchebray
Robert Curthose
Conches
Raoul II of Tosny
William II of England
donjon
Fontenelle Abbey
Amaury III of Montfort
Louis VI of France
Troarn
Saint-Evroul
William I, Count of Nevers
Ermengarde of Tonnerre
Domesday Book
Tenant-in-chief

categories: 11th-century Normans,Counts of Évreux,Year of birth unknown,Norman warriors,1118 deaths,Companions of William the Conqueror

paragraph: William, Count of Évreux

paragraph: William, Count of Évreux (died 16 April 1118) was a powerful member of the Norman aristocracy during the period following the Norman conquest of England. He is one of the few documented to have been with William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: William was the son of Richard, Count of Évreux, and his wife, Godchildis (Adelaide). William, referred to as Count of Évreux in early 1066, contributed 80 ships towards the planned invasion of England later that year. However, as William did not succeed his father until the year following, this seems to be the lists only anachronism "as far as Norman names are concerned." William is one of the few known companions of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. For his participation he was rewarded with a modest tenancy-in-chiefdom. However, he was probably not yet of age in 1066 which might have prevented him from taking a more profitable share in England. Another indicator of his youth in 1066 was that he fought for King Henry I at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106, some 40 years later.

paragraph: William was taken prisoner during the siege of the castle of Sainte-Suzanne in 1085. In 1090, William caused his cousin Robert Curthose more problems when he waged a private war against his neighbor in Conches, Raoul II of Tosny. As one of his early supporters Raoul sought help from Duke Robert but in return received only vague promises. Ralph then went to King William II of England who readily agreed to help; as he was looking for ways to undermine his brother the Norman duke.

paragraph: As Count William became older and somewhat feeble, his wife assumed the governing of Évreux. Orderic Vitalis described her: "The Countess was distinguished for her wit and beauty; she was one of the tallest women in all Evreux, and of very high birth, being the daughter of William, the illustrious count of Nevers." But she was headstrong and bold in her political affairs, often ignoring the council of her husband's barons. After numerous complaints against her to the king, and that she had the king's donjon leveled at Évreux; this caused both William and Helvise to be exiled on two occasions.

paragraph: In 1114, Countess Helvise died and was buried at Noyon. William d'Évreux was "struck down by apoplexy" on 16 April 1118, and was buried in Fontenelle Abbey, next to his father. The fact he died without children caused King Henry I of England problems as Count William's nearest relative was Amaury III of Montfort, a vassal of Louis VI of France.

paragraph: Count William and his wife, Helvise, donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Troarn by charter dated to [1100/14]. With council from Roger, abbot of Saint-Evroul, they founded a monastery at Noyan. In 1108 William and his wife, out of their own funds, laid out the foundation of a church devoted to St. Mary, mother of God, but with interruptions due to their exile and other troubles, they died before the project was completed.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: William married Helvise de Nevers, daughter of William I, Count of Nevers, and his first wife Ermengarde of Tonnerre. They had no issue.

paragraph: Section::::Domesday landholdings.

paragraph: According to the Domesday Book, William d'Evreux held the following lands in 1086 as Tenant-in-chief:

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: br

description: Son of Richard

wikidata_label: William, Count of Évreux

wikipedia_title: William, Count of Évreux


text: Latinised

text: Battle of Damme

text: King John

text: Henry II, King of England

text: Ida de Tosny

text: Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk

text: honour

text: Lincolnshire

text: King Richard I

text: Wiltshire

text: Gascony

text: Dover

text: Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports

text: Welsh Marches

text: Viceroy of Ireland

text: John de Gray

text: Bishop of Norwich

text: Eye

text: Flanders

text: Damme

text: Otto IV of Germany

text: Battle of Bouvines

text: Magna Carta

text: High Sheriff of Wiltshire

text: William Marshall

text: High Sheriff of Lincolnshire

text: High Sheriff of Somerset

text: Louis VIII

text: Henry III of England

text: High Sheriff of Devon

text: High Sheriff of Staffordshire

text: Shropshire

text: island of Ré

text: Salisbury Castle

text: Roger of Wendover

text: Hubert de Burgh

text: Salisbury Cathedral

text: Lacock Abbey

text: Lacock

text: Ela, Countess of Salisbury

text: William II Longespée

text: canon

text: Salisbury

text: Stephen Longespée

text: seneschal

text: Emeline de Ridelsford

text: Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster

text: Nicholas

text: bishop of Salisbury

text: William de Vesci

text: Ela Longespée

text: Thomas de Beaumont, 6th Earl of Warwick

text: Philip Basset

text: Ida Longespée

text: Baron of Dudley

text: John Marshal

text: William de Beauchamp, Baron of Bedford

text: Robert Fitzwalter

text: William de Clinton

text: John de Grey

categories: High Sheriffs of Shropshire,12th-century English people,Peers jure uxoris,High Sheriffs of Devon,High Sheriffs of Somerset,High Sheriffs of Lincolnshire,13th-century English people,1176 births,Burials at Salisbury Cathedral,Earls of Salisbury (1149),High Sheriffs of Staffordshire,Male Shakespearean characters,1226 deaths,High Sheriffs of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire,House of Plantagenet,High Sheriffs of Wiltshire,Henry II of England

paragraph: William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. 11767 March 1226) ("Long Sword", Latinised to "de Longa Spatha") was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, primarily remembered for his command of the English forces at the Battle of Damme and for remaining loyal to his half-brother, King John. His nickname "Longespée" is generally taken as a reference to his great size and the outsize weapons he wielded.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: William was an illegitimate son of Henry II, King of England. His mother was unknown for many years until the discovery of a charter William made that mentions ""Comitissa Ida, mater mea"" (Countess Ida, my mother). This referred to Ida de Tosny, a member of the prominent Tosny (or Toesny) family, who had married Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk in 1181.

paragraph: King Henry acknowledged William as his son and gave him the honour of Appleby, Lincolnshire, in 1188. Eight years later, his half brother King Richard I married him to a great heiress, Ela of Salisbury, 3rd Countess of Salisbury, and granted him the title and lands of the earldom.

paragraph: During the reign of King John, Salisbury was at court on several important ceremonial occasions and held various offices: sheriff of Wiltshire; lieutenant of Gascony; constable of Dover; and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports; and later warden of the Welsh Marches. He was appointed sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire about 1213.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Salisbury was a commander in the king's Welsh and Irish expeditions of 1210–1212 and was appointed Viceroy of Ireland, jointly with John de Gray, Bishop of Norwich, when the king left for England in 1210. The king also granted him the honour of Eye in Suffolk.

paragraph: In 1213, Salisbury led a large fleet to Flanders, where he seized or destroyed a good part of a French invasion fleet anchored at or near Damme. This ended the invasion threat but not the conflicts between England and France. In 1214, Salisbury was sent to help Otto IV of Germany, an English ally, who was invading France. Salisbury commanded the right wing of the army at their disastrous defeat in that year at the Battle of Bouvines, where he was captured.

paragraph: By the time he returned to England, revolt was brewing amongst the barons. Salisbury was one of the few who remained loyal to John, except for a few months in 1216. In the civil war that took place the year after the signing of the Magna Carta, Salisbury was one of the leaders of the king's army in the south. He was made High Sheriff of Wiltshire again, this time for life. After raising the siege of Lincoln with William Marshall he was also appointed High Sheriff of Lincolnshire (in addition to his current post as High Sheriff of Somerset) and governor of Lincoln castle. However, after the French prince Louis (later Louis VIII) landed as an ally of the rebels, Salisbury went over to his side. Presumably, he thought John's cause was lost.

paragraph: After John's death and the departure of Louis, Salisbury, along with many other barons, joined the cause of John's young son, now Henry III of England. He held an influential place in the government during the king's minority and fought in Gascony to help secure the remaining part of the English continental possessions. He was appointed High Sheriff of Devon in 1217 and High Sheriff of Staffordshire and Shropshire in 1224. Salisbury's ship was nearly lost in a storm while returning to England in 1225, and he spent some months in refuge at a monastery on the French island of Ré.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Salisbury died not long after his return to England at Salisbury Castle. Roger of Wendover alleged that he was poisoned by Hubert de Burgh. He was buried at Salisbury Cathedral in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.

paragraph: Salisbury's tomb was opened in 1791. Bizarrely, the well-preserved corpse of a rat which carried traces of arsenic, was found inside his skull. The rat is now on display in a case at the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Likeness.

paragraph: A terracotta statue of Salisbury, dating from 1756, is located in the Great Hall of Lacock Abbey in Lacock, Wiltshire, England. A likeness of his wife Ela is also on display, while several other statues are believed to show their children.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his wife Ela, Countess of Salisbury, Salisbury had four sons and six daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William II Longespée (1212?–1250), who was sometimes called Earl of Salisbury but never legally bore the title because he died before his mother, Countess Ela, who held the earldom until her death in 1261.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard, a canon of Salisbury.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephen Longespée (died 1260), who was seneschal of Gascony and Justiciar of Ireland, married Emeline de Ridelsford, widow of Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicholas (died 1297), bishop of Salisbury.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabella Longespée, who married Sir William de Vesci.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ela Longespée, who first married Thomas de Beaumont, 6th Earl of Warwick, and then married Philip Basset. No issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ida Longespée, married firstly Ralph who was son of Ralph de Somery, Baron of Dudley, and Margaret, daughter of John Marshal; she married secondly William de Beauchamp, Baron of Bedford, by whom she had seven children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ida II de Longespée (she is alternatively listed as William and Ela's granddaughter: see notes below), married Sir Walter FitzRobert, son of Robert Fitzwalter, by whom she had issue including Ela FitzWalter, wife of William de Odyngsells. Ela's and Williams's grandsons include William de Clinton and John de Grey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Longespée, married. No issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pernel Longespée.

description: English nobleman and soldier


text: economist

text: management consultant

text: Industry

text: industrial management

text: Washington, D.C.

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Political Economy

text: World War I

text: Ordnance Corps

text: assistant professor

text: Gifford Pinchot

text: First National Bank of Detroit

text: Industrial Management

text: 3rd ed. with William R. Spriegel

text: Richard H. Lansburgh

categories: Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania faculty,1942 deaths,University of Pennsylvania alumni,American organizational theorists,20th-century American economists,1893 births

paragraph: Richard H. Lansburgh

paragraph: Richard Hines Lansburgh (September 26, 1893 - 1942) was an American economist, management consultant, and Professor of Industry at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, known for his work in the field of industrial management.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lansburgh was born and raised in Washington, D.C., and studied economics at the University of Pennsylvania. There in 1915 he obtained his Bsc in economics, and in 1916 his MA, and in 1918 his PhD in Political Economy with a thesis entitled "Labor turnover."

paragraph: In 1915 Lansburgh had started his life-long academic career at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, only interrupted by World War I. From 1917 to 1919 he served in the Ordnance Corps of the United States Army. He started out as First Lieutenant, and got promoted to the rank of Captain and of Major. Back at the Wharton School he was assistant professor from 1919 to 1921, and Professor of Industry until his retirement in the late 1930s.

paragraph: Furthermore Lansburgh served as director of the Pennsylvania Economy League of Southwestern Pennsylvania; as Secretary at the Labor and Industry Commonwealth of Pennsylvania since his appointment by Gifford Pinchot in 1924; as Industrial Officer; at the First National Bank of Detroit, management consultant and management author.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Lansburgh is particularly known for his seminal work in industrial engineering, particularly with the publication of his 1923 book "Industrial Management". The text is designed not to make any original contribution, but to create an overview of the field. In the introduction to the 3rd edition he explained the work as:

paragraph: The work itself consists of seven parts.

paragraph: Section::::Reception.

paragraph: The author of "Yardsticks of Management" (1946) remembered Lansburgh for his outstanding opinion about those matters. Lansburgh in 1930 had argued:

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lansburgh, Richard Hines. "Industrial Management." John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 1923; 2nd rev. ed, 1928; 3rd ed. with William R. Spriegel, 1940.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Articles, a selection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lansburgh, Richard H. "Industrial Fact: Finding as a Function of Government." "Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science" 13.1 (1928): 14-19.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lansburgh, Richard H. "Recent Migrations of Industries in the United States." "The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science" 142.1 (1929): 296-301.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lansburgh, Richard H. "United States Department of Commerce Standards Yearbook, 1929". Pp. vi, 401. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 145.1 (1929): 211.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard H. Lansburgh

wikidata_label: Richard H. Lansburgh

wikipedia_title: Richard H. Lansburgh


text:
Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)
Mouvement National Congolais
Stanleyville
Patrice Lumumba
Belgian Congo
Lokele
Orientale Province
Stanleyville
Kabondo
Boma
Mouvement National Congolais
Orientale Province
Chamber of Deputies
Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)
Patrice Lumumba
Joseph Kasa-Vubu
Joseph Iléo
Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
United Nations
South Kasai

categories: Members of the National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo),Lumumba Government members,Murder in 1961,Mouvement National Congolais politicians,Government ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,Executed Democratic Republic of the Congo people,Assassinated Democratic Republic of the Congo politicians,1961 deaths,1927 births,People of the Congo Crisis,Deaths by firearm in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,People murdered in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

paragraph: Alphonse Songolo

paragraph: Alphonse Songolo (1927 – 20 February 1961) was a Congolese politician who served as the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)'s first Minister of Communications. He was a prominent member of the "Mouvement National Congolais" in Stanleyville and a close partner of Patrice Lumumba. However, in October 1960 he denounced Lumumba and was shortly thereafter imprisoned by pro-Lumumba authorities. He was executed in February 1961 in retaliation for the deaths of several pro-Lumumba politicians.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alphonse Songolo was born in 1927 in the Belgian Congo as a member of the Lokele ethnic group. He received his education at the "Frères Maristes de Kisangani et de Buta", graduating in 1946. Afterwards he worked in the colonial administration, including service as secretary for the governor of Orientale Province. In April 1953 Songolo became assistant secretary of the Stanleyville chapter of the "Association du Personnel Indigene de la Colonie" labour union. In 1959 he was elected as mayor of the commune of Kabondo in Boma. He also became president of the local chapter of the "Mouvement National Congolais" (MNC), serving in the position into the following year. In December he was arrested for his political activities.

paragraph: In 1960 he was elected as a representative from Orientale Province as a member of the MNC to serve in the Chamber of Deputies of the newly independent Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) with 2,593 preferential votes. Patrice Lumumba, leader of the MNC and long-time associate of Songolo, became prime minister. He included Songolo in his government as Minister of Communications.

paragraph: On 5 September, President Joseph Kasa-Vubu dismissed Lumumba and appointed Joseph Iléo to replace him. Iléo chose to keep Songolo in his government. On 14 September Colonel Joseph-Désiré Mobutu launched a coup and established his own government. Songolo subsequently declared his support for the new authority.

paragraph: On 3 October Songolo, in spite of previously having a close working relationship with the deposed prime minister, led a group of MNC parliamentarians in denouncing Lumumba. At a press conference he derided both Lumumba and the MNC, saying that the party should be renamed the ""Mouvement National Communiste"". On 17 October Songolo and a number of like-minded representatives returned to Stanleyville and were immediately arrested by local authorities sympathetic to Lumumba. There were rumors that Songolo was poorly treated in custody, but a United Nations commission later found no visible evidence to substantiate the allegations. However, on the morning of 20 February 1961 Songolo and 14 other political prisoners were shot in Stanleyville after news broke that the central government had allowed for the execution of several pro-Lumumba politicians in South Kasai.

description: Congolese politician

wikidata_label: Alphonse Songolo

wikipedia_title: Alphonse Songolo


text:
contralto
vaudeville
Ithaca, New York
San Diego
Carnegie Hall
St. Louis
Blind Tom Wiggins
Rochester, New York
Washington, D.C.

categories: Musicians from Ithaca, New York,1871 births,American contraltos,Vaudeville performers,1967 deaths

paragraph: Katherine Bloodgood

paragraph: Katherine Spencer Bloodgood Kipp (April 24, 1871 – January 1967) was an American contralto singer and vaudeville performer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Katherine "Kitty" Spencer was born in Ithaca, New York and raised in San Diego, California.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Bloodgood was a contralto singer of "singular power, richness, beauty and breadth", according to one reviewer, who also noted her "fine stage presence" and that she sang equally well in German and English. She performed in New York for the Manuscript Society in 1897, and at Carnegie Hall in 1898, where the "New York Times" reviewer said she "sang with the assurance and aplomb of an experienced artist."

paragraph: In 1898, as a celebrated beauty, she sold kisses at a charity fair in St. Louis, Missouri, sometimes for as much as $500 a kiss. This publicity stunt was cited by her husband as a cause for their widely-publicized divorce a year later.

paragraph: After her divorce, she was often featured on programs that included a wide range of performance genres. "She has decided to stay in the vaudeville field, at least for a time, as she finds it much more lucrative than the concert field," explained a San Francisco magazine. In 1904 Bloodgood appeared on a vaudeville bill with Blind Tom Wiggins at an opera house in Rochester, New York, just months before Wiggins's health ended his long performing career. In 1906, she was "the artistic number" on a Washington, D.C., variety program that included acrobats, comedians, and trained animals.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Katherine Spencer married twice. She was first wed to William Denton Bloodgood in 1889, when she was 17 years old. This marriage ended in divorce in 1899. She married again in 1902, to Howard Hapgood Kipp, a Marine officer. She had two sons, Elwyn Lynotte Bloodgood (1890-1935) and Hapgood Kipp (born 1907), and a daughter, Eleanore Mayo Kipp (born 1909 in the Philippines). Elwyn may have accompanied Lieutenant Kipp to a posting on Guam in 1903..

paragraph: Katherine Spencer Bloodgood Kipp died in 1967, in Los Angeles CA, aged 95 years.

wikidata_label: Katherine Bloodgood

wikipedia_title: Katherine Bloodgood