text:
clean vocalist
metalcore
Underoath
alternative rock
The Almost
Paramore
Clearwater, Florida
Underoath
"HM" magazine
He Is We
My Forever
hypochondria
Underoath
Ø (Disambiguation)
The Changing of Times
metalcore
Dallas Taylor
Spencer Chamberlain
They're Only Chasing Safety
Alternative Press
Define the Great Line
RIAA
Alternative Press
The Almost
Southern Weather
Say This Sooner
"Billboard"
Kenny Vasoli
The Starting Line
Monster Monster
Emery
Paramore
Paramore
The Self-Titled Tour
Monumentour
Fall Out Boy
Spencer Chamberlain
Underoath
Act of Depression
Cries of the Past
The Changing of Times
They're Only Chasing Safety
Define the Great Line
Survive, Kaleidoscope
Lost in the Sound of Separation
Erase Me
The Almost
Southern Weather
Monster Monster
Fear Inside Our Bones
Say Anything
In Defense of the Genre
This Beautiful Republic
Perceptions
Relient K
Forget And Not Slow Down
He Is We
My Forever
Run Kid Run
Patterns
We Came As Romans
Tracing Back Roots
As It Is
Atreyu
In Our Wake

categories: BEC Recordings artists,American heavy metal drummers,American heavy metal singers,American male singers,American rock guitarists,Living people,American tenors,The Almost members,21st-century American singers,21st-century American drummers,People from Clearwater, Florida,1983 births,American male guitarists,American Methodists,Singers from Florida,Guitarists from Florida,21st-century American guitarists,Underoath members

paragraph: Aaron Gillespie

paragraph: Aaron Roderick Gillespie (born July 18, 1983) is an American musician, best known for being the original drummer and clean vocalist for the metalcore band Underoath, and the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the alternative rock band The Almost. Gillespie also maintains his own solo project, and released his debut full-length album, "Anthem Song" on March 8, 2011. From 2013 to 2016, he was the touring drummer for Paramore.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Aaron Roderick Gillespie was born on July 18, 1983, in Clearwater, Florida. Ever since he was born, he has been nearly blind in his left eye. He grew up in a devout Christian family, attended private schools, and went to church regularly. Gillespie's parents divorced when he was 18.

paragraph: At age 14, Gillespie worked at the church and vacuumed for $60 a week. He enjoyed playing the drums at church, but was told that he did not play well and that he played too loud. However, one of the leaders in the church came up to him and said that he believed Gillespie would "travel the whole world playing drums". At this time he received a call from Underoath asking him to play drums for them.

paragraph: In 2008 he achieved the "HM" magazine's Readers Award for "favorite drummer", along with his bandmate Timothy McTague who received "favorite guitarist" of 2008. He was one of the preaching pastors at unveiledchurch.com based in the Tampa Bay area of Florida.

paragraph: Aaron and his former wife ran a clothing label, Pig Cloth.

paragraph: Gillespie left Underoath after a European tour in 2010 but later rejoined the band.

paragraph: Gillespie produced and performed on Collington's "We Swim in Seas that Never Rest" at his former Salt Lake City recording studio. The album was engineered, mixed and featured additional performances from singer and songwriter Andrew Goldring and was debuted by "Relevant Magazine" on their series, The Drop.

paragraph: Gillespie did guest vocals on the song "All About Us" by indie pop band He Is We, which was released on the album "My Forever" on November 23, 2010.

paragraph: Gillespie has discussed his issues with hypochondria and anxiety, stating that they played into his departure from Underoath.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Underoath.

paragraph: Gillespie had performed on every Underoath release before "Ø (Disambiguation)" and first began to add clean vocals on Underoath's third album "The Changing of Times", which shifted Underoath's original extreme metal music style into a more straightforward metalcore sound and was released in 2002. After lead vocalist Dallas Taylor parted with the band, Spencer Chamberlain joined and the band began to change its style of music even more.

paragraph: Most of the lyrics on the album "They're Only Chasing Safety" are written by Gillespie and are about him ending a four-year relationship. He stated to Alternative Press "I think I would've died if we didn't write those songs. I thought I had ruined someone's life. It's hard to explain, but you can't just pretend that things are great and go on and get married". The follow-up to "They're Only Chasing Safety", "Define the Great Line" was released on June 20, 2006, it debuted at No. 2 on the "Billboard" 200 selling over 98,000 copies in its first week, the record was certified Gold by the RIAA on November 11, 2006, representing 500,000 shipped units of the album.

paragraph: On April 5, 2010, Underoath announced that the band and Gillespie had agreed to mutually part ways pending the end of their European tour. On the same day, Gillespie posted a message on his personal blog. On August 17, 2015, in an interview article for "Alternative Press", Chamberlain and Gillespie confirmed that the band was reuniting.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:The Almost.

paragraph: Gillespie performed lead vocals for the alternative rock band The Almost. The band's debut album "Southern Weather" was released on April 3, 2007, along with their first single, "Say This Sooner". The single reached a peak of No. 7 on the "Billboard"'s US Modern Rock Charts. Gillespie recorded every instrument on the "Southern Weather" album except for bass on a couple of tracks, with which Kenny Vasoli from The Starting Line helped.

paragraph: On November 24, 2008, The Almost released an EP, "No Gift to Bring".

paragraph: On October 6, 2009 The Almost released another EP, "Monster EP". On November 3, 2009 The Almost released their second album, "Monster Monster", in which the rest of the bandmates were more incorporated in the writing and recording processes.

paragraph: On June 11, 2013 The Almost released their third full-length album, "Fear Inside Our Bones".

paragraph: In an interview released on February 8, 2015, on Emery's BadChristian podcast, Gillespie stated that he had placed lower priority on the band, citing his "busy schedule" (as Paramore's touring drummer, a solo artist and producer) and the "busy schedules" of the other band members.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Solo work.

paragraph: Shortly after leaving Underoath, Gillespie announced that he was working on a worship-based solo project. He went to The Compound recording studio in Seattle on June 28, 2010, to record the album that would eventually be released in March 2011. On his Twitter account on July 24, he posted "Finished my record. So great to be a part of it. Goodnight." Gillespie's solo album "Anthem Song" was released on March 8, 2011. It debuted at number 90 on the Billboard 200.

paragraph: "Anthem Song" was Gillespie's revisit to his musical beginning, which began in worship. In an interview with CBN.com, Gillespie recounted the experience and how a trip to Africa helped shape "Anthem Song". He stated "I saw people worshiping God because He exists, because that's what we were created to do. I believe everybody worships something, whether it be your job or your family or a relationship or whatever. We were all made to worship just one, and that's Jesus. And it really, really messed me up, seeing these African people who have nothing worshiping God, just because He exists. It gave me the fuel to go and do this record and also convicted me to leave Underoath and to pursue this ministry area in my life."

paragraph: On February 3, 2015, he released his second worship album, "Grace Through the Wandering". The record was made on the road while touring with Paramore and was produced by Paramore's touring key player, John.

paragraph: In 2016 Gillespie released the self-produced "Out of the Badlands". Gillespie and his studio partner, Andrew Goldring, made the record at Gillespie's Salt Lake City studio, Soundcave. Goldring engineered, mixed and performed on the record. The album is a departure from his former worship record and instead focuses on his personal grieving and honesty.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Paramore.

paragraph: On August 26, 2013, Gillespie was officially announced as the new touring drummer for Paramore, after their previous touring drummer, Miles McPherson, suffered from an injury. He was to remain only for their duration of The Self-Titled Tour's European dates, but later remained for the duration of their North American fall tour of that year, as well as the Australian and New Zealand legs of the tour. Gillespie has stayed in the Paramore touring line-up for the next few years, playing drums on the Monumentour (Paramore's co-headlining tour with the band Fall Out Boy in 2014) and the Writing the Future Tour (in 2015), along with two of the band's "Parahoy!" Cruises - the first one (in March 2014) and the second one (in March 2016). However, in February 2016, Gillespie clarified that his role in Paramore doesn't extend beyond live performances and that he isn't involved in the songwriting/recording process with the band. With the reinstatement of Paramore's original drummer and with the reunion of Underoath, Gillespie is now back with Underoath full-time.

paragraph: Section::::Producer.

paragraph: Aaron Gillespie operated as a producer out of Soundcave Studios from 2015-2017. Alongside of singer-songwriter, producer and engineer Andrew Goldring, Gillespie and Goldring worked on productions, most notably, Aaron Gillespie's solo record, "Out of the Badlands". Goldring also engineered, mixed and performed various instruments on the record.

paragraph: Other examples of Gillespie's producer credits include Collington's, "We Swim in Seas that Never Rest". Gillespie produced the record, played drums and did other various session work with Goldring and Collington. The album was debuted by "Relevant Magazine" on their series "The Drop". Gillespie and Collington crossed paths when Collington was opening for Aaron Gillespie in Boston, Massachusetts. Taking a liking to Collington's music, Gillespie invited Collington to Salt Lake City to create a record. Collington originally laughed at the offer thinking it was a joke.

paragraph: Gillespie worked and toured with the Billy Graham Association's FM419; an event that helps train students to share their faith. The event is a prelude to a much larger event, held a few months later where students can practice what they learned by leading others to Christ. Gillespie performed each day at the beginning and end of the conference.

paragraph: Section::::Emergency surgery.

paragraph: While on tour with Underoath in 2007 in Las Vegas, Nevada, Gillespie underwent emergency surgery due to an infected thumb. Instead of canceling shows, Underoath recruited Kenny Bozich, former drummer of The Almost, to fill in on drums. Spencer Chamberlain and Timothy McTague shared duties in singing his vocal parts.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: With Underoath

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Act of Depression" – 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cries of the Past" – 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Changing of Times" – 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They're Only Chasing Safety – 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Define the Great Line" – 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Survive, Kaleidoscope" – 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lost in the Sound of Separation" – 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at Koko" – 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Erase Me" – 2018

paragraph: With The Almost

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Southern Weather" – 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Gift to Bring" – 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monster EP" – 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monster Monster" – 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fear Inside Our Bones" – 2013

paragraph: Solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anthem Song" – 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Echo Your Song (Live) - EP" – 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grace Through the Wandering" – 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Out of the Badlands" – 2016

paragraph: Appearances in other albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Swim in Seas that Never Rest" (drums, guitars and vocals) from Collington -2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You're The Wanker, If Anyone Is" from Say Anything's "In Defense of the Genre" – 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My God" from This Beautiful Republic's "Perceptions" – 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Then They Will Know" from Preson Phillips' The Observant and the Anawim... – 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sahara" from Relient K's "Forget And Not Slow Down" – 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All About Us" from He Is We's "My Forever" – 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "With Everything" by Nine O Five – 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Someway Somehow" from Run Kid Run's "Patterns" – 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Survive" from We Came As Romans's "Tracing Back Roots" – 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Reaper" from As It Is's The Great Depression – 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Super Hero" from Atreyu's "In Our Wake" – 2018

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Aaron Gillespie

wikipedia_title: Aaron Gillespie


text: Zurich

text: Switzerland

text: librarian

text: Library of Congress Cataloging System

text: American Library Association

text: Dent County, Missouri

text: Council Bluffs, Iowa

text: Newberry Library

text: James C.M. Hanson

text: Library of Congress

text: Charles Ammi Cutter

text: Cutter Expansive Classification

text: Thomas Jefferson

text: Sir Francis Bacon

text: Herbert Putnam

text: Dewey Decimal Classification

text: Melvil Dewey

text: Library of Congress Classification

text: Index Medicus

text: Vatican Library

text: Pope Pius XI

categories: People from Dent County, Missouri,People from Chicago,Librarians at the Library of Congress,People from Zürich,1860 births,People from Washington, D.C.,1945 deaths,American librarians,People from Council Bluffs, Iowa

paragraph: Charles Martel (librarian)

paragraph: Charles Martel (born Karl David Hanke, March 5, 1860, in Zurich, Switzerland – May 15, 1945) was an American librarian responsible for the creation of the Library of Congress Cataloging System; he is often considered to be one of the most influential librarians in American library history.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: During Martel's childhood he was surrounded by books, as his father, Franz Hanke, was an antiquarian book dealer in Zurich. By 1872, Martel was studying at the Zurich Gymnasium, where he would continue his studies until 1876. Around the time he ended his studies at the gymnasium, his brother took him on a trip to America to attend the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. That same year the American Library Association held its first annual conference, also in the City of Brotherly Love, and it has been speculated that Martel may have had his first encounter with the American library system through this conference.

paragraph: After returning to Switzerland, Martel helped take care of his ailing father, who died in 1878. Following his father's death that same year, Karl moved to the US and that was the last anyone in his family heard of him. By 1887, he had moved to Dent County, Missouri, where, in April, he became a citizen of the US under the name Charles Martel. Following his citizenship, the newly minted Charles Martel moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he worked as an estate manager as well as an assistant to a lawyer.

paragraph: Section::::Pre-Library of Congress.

paragraph: It was in Council Bluffs that Martel would finally find his career. While in Council Bluffs, Martel heard of the Newberry Library in Chicago and by 1892 had gained employment there as an assistant cataloguer under the esteemed librarians Dr. William F. Poole and James C.M. Hanson (1864–1943), who he would learn from and team up with at the Library of Congress. While at Newberry, Martel was first introduced to Charles Ammi Cutter's Cutter Expansive Classification system (EC) for cataloguing and classifying library resources. In 1893 James Hanson had left but the friendship developed in that single year of working together would be a boon for both of them in the years to come.

paragraph: Martel continued to work at Newberry until December 1897 when he left for the Library of Congress, which had just finished its move into its new building in Washington, D.C. Before Martel arrived in Washington, Hanson had been hired on from the University of Wisconsin to become the new chief cataloguer of the classification division of the Library of Congress. Given the task of classifying the library's collection by then Head Librarian John Young, Hanson immediately brought in Martel to help in the task.

paragraph: Section::::Library of Congress.

paragraph: Installed in his new position, Martel saw that re-classifying the library's collection was going to be an immense task. The Library of Congress used a cataloguing system developed by Thomas Jefferson that itself was a branch of a system used by Sir Francis Bacon. This system used 44 main categories and within these subject categories, number designations were given that originally meant which book in the category. By the time Martel had arrived in Washington, the numbers meant which shelf the book would be found on.

paragraph: Work on classifying the library's immense collection of books began in 1899 with Martel becoming a member of a committee formed and headed by Herbert Putnam, the new Head Librarian, following the death of John Young and William Parker Cutter. Putnam sent Martel and Hanson to libraries located across the nation to find a classification system that would work with the collection. In 1899, the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system was the most popular system in the libraries and it was a natural choice for the classifiers, but in an effort to look at all available options, Cutter's Expansive Classification and one developed by the German theologian Otto Hartwig were also examined. Martel quickly ruled out Hartwig's system because it emphasized religion too much, but couldn't decide between Dewey's system and Cutter's. Both systems needed major adjustments in order to be adapted to the Library of Congress' special needs and it ultimately became a matter of who would allow those changes to be made. By the end of 1899, Martel rejected Dewey's system because Melvil Dewey was unwilling to allow the library to make the necessary changes. This began a two-year-long controversy between the two giants of the library as each criticized the other over perceived slights in the decisions about changes needed to adapt the DDC. In the end the only real winner was Charles Ammi Cutter, who agreed to allow Martel and Hanson to make whatever changes they needed to his EC. Unfortunately, Cutter died in 1903 while finishing the final stage of the EC and thus Martel was forced to finish the system as he worked through the library's collection.

paragraph: The end product was greater than anyone could imagine. The Library of Congress Classification (LC) system drew heavily on various other catalogues then in existence such as the Index Medicus for the medicine section. And as a way to help other libraries use the library's system, Martel and Hanson had the catalogue system printed on cards "since with the printed cards of the Library of Congress a serviceable catalogue can be made with less expenditure of time and labor than by any other method at present available." On October 1, 1912, Charles Martel succeeded his old friend, James C.M. Hanson, who had left in November, 1910.

paragraph: In 1900, shortly after beginning the work of re-classifying the library's collection, Martel married the widow Emma (McCoy) Haas, who died in 1906 after giving birth to their son, Rennie.

paragraph: Section::::Vatican Library.

paragraph: In the fall of 1927, the Vatican Library, on order of Pope Pius XI, himself the former librarian for the Vatican, and by suggestion of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, sent two cataloguers to the Library of Congress as a means of sharing cataloguing information as well as be taught how to create a catalogue for a large collection. Working together with Martel, the two gained enormous insights into the world of cataloguing. When they returned to Rome, the whole adventure was such a resounding success that a mission of cataloguers to Rome to help them in classifying the archives. The Carnegie Endowment turned to Dr. William Warner Bishop to select and head the team. Turning first to Martel, who quickly rebuffed him, Dr. Bishop was able to persuade James C.M. Hanson to go on the condition that Martel would also be persuaded to attend. Working through Dr. Putnam, Dr. Bishop was able to get Martel's agreement and together with three others, the work began on adapting the LC and the Anglo-American "Code of Catalogue Rules" to the Vatican's immense collection and archives. Martel was the natural choice to be the head classifier as he had such vast experience dating back nearly 30 years. As they had done with the Library of Congress, Martel and his old friend Hanson worked together to build an enduring system. As one contemporary stated, the two were "greatly influential in drawing up the Vatican "Norme", perhaps the best of modern cataloging codes, and one which goes far to reconcile European and American practice."

paragraph: On September 15, 1929, Charles Martel ended an illustrious career as the Chief Classifier and later Chief of the Catalogue Division at the nation's most prestigious library. He continued to consult though reaching compulsory retirement in 1932 and did not formally retire until just before his death on May 15, 1945.

description: Swiss-American librarian

wikidata_label: Charles Martel

wikipedia_title: Charles Martel (librarian)


categories: 1980 births,Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles players,Japanese baseball players,Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers,Orix BlueWave players,Sportspeople from Fukuoka Prefecture,Living people,Orix Buffaloes players

paragraph: Daisuke Kato (baseball)

description: Japanese baseball player

wikidata_label: Daisuke Kato

wikipedia_title: Daisuke Kato (baseball)


text:
Whig
Sir Gerard Noel, 2nd Baronet
Lord Anne Hamilton
James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton
Baptist Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough
Diana
Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham
Henry Noel, 6th Earl of Gainsborough
Member of Parliament
Rutland
House of Lords
Earl of Gainsborough
Sir George Grey, 1st Baronet
Sir James Hamlyn-Williams
Lady Frances
Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden
Roden Berkeley Wriothesley Noel
Victoria Noel
Sir Thomas Buxton, 3rd Baronet
Charles
Gerard
Conservative

categories: UK MPs 1812–1818,1866 deaths,1781 births,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,UK MPs 1807–1812

paragraph: Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough

paragraph: Charles Noel Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough (2 October 1781 – 10 June 1866), known as Charles Edwardes until 1798, as Charles Noel between 1798 and 1823 and as the Lord Barham between 1823 and 1841, was a British peer and Whig politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Gainsborough was the eldest son of Sir Gerard Noel, 2nd Baronet, son of Gerard Anne Edwardes, illegitimate son of Lord Anne Hamilton, younger son of James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton. His paternal grandmother was Lady Jane, daughter of Baptist Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough. Gainsborough's mother was Diana, daughter of Admiral Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham. His father succeeded his father-in-law as second Baronet of the Navy in 1838 and his mother succeeded her father as second Baroness Barham in 1823, both according to special remainders in the letters patent. In 1798, on the death of his great uncle Henry Noel, 6th Earl of Gainsborough (on whose death the earldom became extinct), Gainsborough and the rest of the family assumed by Royal licence the surname of Noel in lieu of his patronymic.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Gainsborough succeeded his father as Member of Parliament for Rutland in 1808, a seat he held until 1814. In 1823 he succeeded his mother in the barony of Barham and entered the House of Lords, and in 1838 he also succeeded his father in the baronetcy. In 1841 he was created Earl of Gainsborough, a revival of the title held by his ancestors.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Gainsborough was four times married.

paragraph: He married firstly Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Welman, in 1809; she died Dec 1811. There were no children from this marriage.

paragraph: He married secondly Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Grey, 1st Baronet, in 1817. She died in September 1818, shortly after the birth of her only child, a son, Charles George Noel.

paragraph: Gainsborough married thirdly Arabella, daughter of Sir James Hamlyn-Williams, 2nd Baronet, in 1820. They had two sons and two daughters. She died in October 1829, shortly after the birth of her youngest child.

paragraph: Gainsborough married fourthly Lady Frances, daughter of Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden, in 1833. They had two children: Roden Berkeley Wriothesley Noel (27 August 1834 – 26 May 1894), a poet, and Victoria Noel (d. 8 August 1916), who married Sir Thomas Buxton, 3rd Baronet, later Governor of South Australia.

paragraph: Gainsborough died in June 1866, at the age of 84, and was succeeded by his son from his second marriage, Charles. His eldest son from his third marriage, Gerard, was a Conservative politician. The Countess of Gainsborough remained a widow until her death in May 1885.

description: British politician and peer

wikidata_label: Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough

wikipedia_title: Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough


text: Republican

text: U.S. House of Representatives

text: Pennsylvania

text: Youngstown, PA

text: New Castle, PA

text: Army Training Corps

text: University of Pittsburgh

text: Chicago Musical College

text: Chicago

text: Westminster College

text: New Wilmington, PA

text: University of Pittsburgh

text: Penn State

text: State College, PA

text: Eightieth

categories: Pennsylvania State University alumni,Politicians from Pittsburgh,Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania,American Lutherans,Pennsylvania Republicans,1900 births,Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives,1976 deaths,University of Pittsburgh alumni,Westminster College (Pennsylvania) alumni

paragraph: Carroll D. Kearns

paragraph: Carroll Dudley Kearns (May 7, 1900 – June 11, 1976) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Carroll D. Kearns was born in Youngstown, PA, and moved with his parents to New Castle, PA, in 1901. He was a student in the Army Training Corps at the University of Pittsburgh in 1918, at the Chicago Musical College in Chicago, receiving a B.M. in 1921 and D.M. in 1948. He also received a B.S. from Westminster College in New Wilmington, PA, in 1933, and an M.E. from the University of Pittsburgh, in 1938. He took special studies at Penn State College at State College, PA in 1932 and 1933. He was engaged in the construction business in Chicago from 1925 through 1929. He taught school and engaged in educational work in supervisory and administrative positions in Illinois and Pennsylvania from 1924 through 1947, and also pursued a musical career as a concert artist and conductor.

paragraph: He was elected as a Republican to the Eightieth and to the seven succeeding Congresses. He served as the ranking minority member on the United States House Committee on Education and Labor during the 86th and 87th Congresses. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1962. after his time in Congress he became engaged in manufacturing from 1963 to 1970.

description: American political

wikidata_label: Carroll D. Kearns

wikipedia_title: Carroll D. Kearns


text:
City of London
Surrey
Locking, Somerset
St Nicolas, Guildford
City of London
Stationers Company
Cornhill
Antoine Arnauld
Mary Astell
William Beveridge
Antoinette Bourignon de la Porte
Edmund Chishull
Henry Dodwell
Sir George Etherege
Sir Roger L'Estrange
John Locke
Nicolas Malebranche
Luke Milbourne
Pierre Nicole
John Norris
Christopher Packe
Mary Pennyman
John Rawlet
John Scott
Susanna Wesley
William Winstanley
Compton
Lord Chancellor
William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper
St Michael, Cornhill
Gerbrand Harkes
William Dowdeswell

paragraph: Samuel Manship

paragraph: Samuel Manship was an English stationer and bookseller in the City of London who acted as publisher for several noted writers and became a landowner in Surrey.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born about 1665, he was the second son of the Reverend John Manship (1612–1689) from Locking, Somerset and his wife Barbara. His father had been rector of the Anglican church of St Nicolas, Guildford but in 1662 was ejected and instead became a physician and Presbyterian preacher in Guildford. His elder brother John Manship (1659–1705) became an Oxford don and physician.

paragraph: Samuel went into business in the City of London, being admitted a Citizen and Member of the Stationers Company. From premises in Cornhill, first at the sign of The Black Bull and later at The Ship, he sold books and stationery. His shop also served as a distribution point for many art sale catalogues

paragraph: His main fame is as a publisher who acted for a large number of contemporary writers, both English and French, on a variety of subjects, particularly philosophy and theology. Among his authors were :br

paragraph: Antoine Arnauldbr

paragraph: Mary Astellbr

paragraph: William Beveridgebr

paragraph: Antoinette Bourignon de la Portebr

paragraph: François de Chavigny de la Bretonnièrebr

paragraph: Edmund Chishullbr

paragraph: Henry Dodwellbr

paragraph: Sir George Etheregebr

paragraph: Sir Roger L'Estrangebr

paragraph: John Lockebr

paragraph: Nicolas Malebranchebr

paragraph: Luke Milbournebr

paragraph: Pierre Nicolebr

paragraph: John Norrisbr

paragraph: Christopher Packebr

paragraph: John Pennyman, the husband of Mary Pennymanbr

paragraph: John Rawletbr

paragraph: John Scottbr

paragraph: Susanna Wesley and br

paragraph: William Winstanley.

paragraph: In 1709 he acquired the manor and mansion of Field Place at Compton outside Guildford(the house sold for 6 million pounds in 2006). As an elector in the Cornhill Ward, local activists of the Whig party wanted his vote and in a meeting on 16 December 1714 resolved to approach him through the Lord Chancellor, William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper. He was buried on 24 January 1720 in the new vault of the church of St Michael, Cornhill and his will was proved on 1 February 1720

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On 16 July 1692 he married Anne Lane and they had seven children. His elder son John Manship (1695–1749), who went into business as a cloth merchant, in 1723 married Elizabeth Garbrand (1706–1788), a descendant of the bookseller Gerbrand Harkes, and inherited the estate at Compton on the death of his mother in 1734. The eldest surviving daughter Elizabeth Manship (1701–1733) married Richard Dowdeswell (1692–1730), a cousin of the landowner and politician William Dowdeswell.

wikidata_label: Samuel Manship

wikipedia_title: Samuel Manship


text: Puerto Rican

text: singer

text: composer

text: vocalist

text: Calle 13

text: Residente

text: Visitante

text: Grammy

text: Latin Grammy Award

text: music

text: self-titled debut album

text: Residente

text: Visitante

text: Gema Corredera

text: Gema y Pavel

text: White Lion Records

text: La Lupe

text: Los de Atrás Vienen Conmigo

text: In The Heights

text: Lin-Manuel Miranda

text: Residente

text: Best Original Score

text: 62nd Tony Awards

text: Residente

text: Gilberto Concepción de Gracia

text: Puerto Rican Independence Party

text: Residente

text: Gustavo Santaolalla

text: Kevin Johansen

text: Susana Baca

text: 8th Annual Latin Grammy Awards

text: Mandalay Bay

text: Banco Popular

text: Roberto Angleró

text: Miguel Cotto

text: Puerto Rican National Anthem

text: Floyd Mayweather Jr.

text: Bob Dylan

text: MusiCares Person of the Year

text: debut solo album

text: NPR

text: Jon Pareles

text: New York Times

text: Piro Rodríguez

text: Charlie Sepulveda

text: Bayrex Jiménez

text: Eduardo Cabra

text: Circo

text: Cheo Feliciano

text: dramatic video

text: Highline Ballroom

text: Latin Alternative Music Conference

text: SOB's

text: Nuevofest

text: Philadelphia

text: Chicago

text: Lincoln Center

text: NPR

text: The Recording Academy

text: Latin Grammy

text: Best New Artist

text: Grammy Award

text: Bad Bunny

text: Residente

text: ILE official website

categories: Puerto Rican women activists,Puerto Rican singer-songwriters,Calle 13 (band) members,Grammy Award winners,Reggaeton musicians,1989 births,21st-century American singers,Puerto Rican activists,Puerto Rican female singers,Living people

paragraph: ILE (singer)

paragraph: Ileana Mercedes Cabra Joglar (born April 28, 1989), better known by the nickname "iLe", is a Puerto Rican singer, composer and vocalist who had her beginnings in music when being a teenager, as the sole female singer of Calle 13, a group she took part of for 10 years, along with her brothers René Pérez Joglar (Residente) and Eduardo Cabra Martínez (Visitante).

paragraph: Her first solo production, entitled 'iLevitable' and launched in June 2016, won a Grammy in the category Best Latin Rock, Urban or Alternative Album in 2017, and for it iLe was also nominated for the Latin Grammy Awards as "Best New Artist".

paragraph: Throughout her young career, iLe has captivated the international press, with shows in Puerto Rico, the United States and Europe. She has recently released her new song 'Hate', which will be part of her second solo album.

paragraph: Section::::Background and artistic beginnings.

paragraph: ILE is the daughter of Flor Joglar de Gracia, an actress who formed part of the theatre troupe Teatro del Sesenta. Her father, José Cabra González is a creative advertiser and musician. Since a very young age, Ileana showed great interest in music. She began to sing even while still learning how to speak, phonetically imitating the voices of famous singers or movie soundtracks that appealed to her. During this time she would often sing in private parties and family gatherings.

paragraph: Once in Josefita Monserrate de Sellés elementary school, she joined the School Choir and the Handbell Choir headed by Evangeline Oliver. Also, she began to study piano at the Puerto Rico Music Conservatory. Ileana inherited her voice from her mother and her grandmother, Flor Amelia de Gracia, teacher and composer, who is also featured on the back cover of Calle 13's self-titled debut album. At age 16, as a second year high school student, her brother Residente picked her up one day after class and asked her to sing “La Aguacatona”, a song he had written for a demo he was working on with her brother Visitante. She began to take private singing lessons with renowned Puerto Rican soprano Hilda Ramos and then additional vocal studies with Cuban singer Gema Corredera, member of the group Gema y Pavel.

paragraph: Section::::Calle 13.

paragraph: Section::::Calle 13.:Early years.

paragraph: From that point on, she began to collaborate as vocalist for the new musical project created by her famous brothers. Without any expectations of success, “La Aguacatona” caught the attention of White Lion Records, opening the door to what was to become a musical sensation. After recording a second song, "La Tribu", she was immediately nicknamed PG-13 by her cousin Ian Marcel Cardozo Joglar, since she was under-aged at the time she joined the group and PG-13 is normally used to classify movies that require parental guidance for children under 13.

paragraph: During 2005, she was active in the late-night circuit of shows and presentations in various venues throughout the island, which would help give form and structure to what was to become Calle 13. At only 16 years of age, she found herself singing on stage in front of thousands at the Coliseo de Puerto Rico José Miguel Agrelot, as part of Calle 13’s first concert. She chose to interpret “Puro Teatro”, a song previously recorded by La Lupe, which is one of her favorite artists.

paragraph: In May 2, 2009, Calle 13 performed once again at the Coliseo de Puerto Rico José Miguel Agrelot for the release of their third album Los de Atrás Vienen Conmigo. "In The Heights" playwright Lin-Manuel Miranda was invited to make an appearance after Residente had seen his acceptance speech for Best Original Score at the 62nd Tony Awards. Backstage, Flor Joglar de Gracia, mother of ILE and Residente, revealed to Miranda their connection to Gilberto Concepción de Gracia, founder of the Puerto Rican Independence Party. Miranda and Residente have since confirmed their family relation through social media.

paragraph: ILE continued traveling with Calle 13 during junior year of high school. At that time, she had the opportunity to visit other countries and share the stage with some of her most admired artists, such as Gustavo Santaolalla, Kevin Johansen and Susana Baca.

paragraph: Section::::Calle 13.:Latin Grammy Awards performances.

paragraph: One of her most memorable performances took place when she was 18 and sang at the 8th Annual Latin Grammy Awards presentation held at the Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas, as part of Calle 13’s interpretation of “Pa’l Norte” which opened with PG-13 belting out a powerful solo a cappella.

paragraph: On November, 2011, Calle 13 opened the Gala at the 12th edition of the Latin Grammy Awards with the theme “Latinoamérica” performed with a symphony orchestra arrangement by Alex Berti and conducted by Musical Director Gustavo Dudamel. According to Latino Fox News, PG-13’s high notes left everyone in silence.

paragraph: Section::::Solo career.

paragraph: Section::::Solo career.:First Steps.

paragraph: By the end of 2012 she participated in the traditional Banco Popular TV Christmas Special which has been produced and transmitted each year since 1993. On this occasion, for the special “Hecho con Sabor a Puerto Rico” Ileana had an impressive performance singing “La Pared” which was described by the Diario of NY as “superb” 4 La Pared is one of the first successful songs written by Puerto Rican composer Roberto Angleró.

paragraph: Section::::Solo career.:Collaborations.

paragraph: In 2010 she was invited by Kevin Johansen as a guest performer during his presentation at the Buenos Aires National Theatre where together they sang “Logo” a song included in Johansen’s repertoire and recording; The Nada Liniers: Live in Buenos Aires.

paragraph: In 2012, she was chosen by famous boxing champion Miguel Cotto to sing the Puerto Rican National Anthem during the introduction ceremony prior to his fight against Floyd Mayweather Jr.. Her interpretation was widely acclaimed, including by the legendary Bob Dylan, who in 2015 mentioned her in his MusiCares Person of the Year speech: "I was in a boxing match a few years ago watching Floyd Mayweather fight a boxer from Puerto Rico and someone sang the Puerto Rican national anthem. And it was beautiful, it was heartfelt, it was moving".

paragraph: In 2014 she collaborated with Gustavo Cordera on the theme “Estoy Real” for the “Cordera Vivo” production, which was recorded at La Trastienda Club in Buenos Aires, Argentina. One year later, in 2015, she was invited by Jorge Drexler to sing on stage the song “Olas y Arena” by Puerto Rican composer Sylvia Rexach during Drexler’s concert in Puerto Rico as part of the Uruguayan singer’s tour.

paragraph: In 2017, she guest sang on "Hijos del Canãveral", the closing track of her brother's debut solo album.

paragraph: Section::::ILE.

paragraph: In August 2015, Ileana announced to the world that she was changing her artistic name to ILE and was working on her first solo album. The recording took place during that entire year under the production of ILE and Ismael Cancel.

paragraph: Section::::ILE.:"Ilevitable".

paragraph: In May 2016, "Ilevitable" was released to the praise of critic and peers. According to NPR "the album established her immediately as a first-class interpreter of the classic sounds that flow through Latin America." Jon Pareles of the New York Times described it as "a knowingly retro survey of Latin music’s past, full of romance and a longing that can turn despondent. She sings richly orchestrated boleros, delicate ballads and percussive boogaloo and mambo, without a hint of either irony or naïveté."

paragraph: Some of Puerto Rico's most prominent musicians collaborated on the album: Piro Rodríguez, Charlie Sepulveda, Bayrex Jiménez, Eduardo Cabra, Fofé Abreu from Circo, Louis García and the late Cheo Feliciano in one of his last recordings ever.

paragraph: The first single released was "Caníbal" and it was accompanied by a dramatic video directed by Argentinian Juan Manuel Costa. The video was described as an "animated Frida Kahlo painting" and was positively reviewed. Her second single and video, "Te Quiero Con Bugalú," was released on July 7.

paragraph: Also in July 2016, Ile embarked on her first tour with her new band, performing the songs from "Ilevitable". On July 7, she performed at the Highline Ballroom as part of the Latin Alternative Music Conference Official Showcase. July 8 she performed her first solo show outside of Puerto Rico—live at SOB's, also in New York. Later that month she participated in the Nuevofest in Philadelphia and in the Millennium Park Summer Series in Chicago. August 4 Ile performed at the Lincoln Center "Out of Doors" series, presented and recorded by NPR.

paragraph: In September 2016, The Recording Academy nominated Ile for her first Latin Grammy as Best New Artist.

paragraph: In February 2017, "Ilevitable" won a Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock, Urban or Alternative Album.

paragraph: Section::::Social Movement Soundtrack.

paragraph: A song, , (in English: Sharpening the knives) with lyrics by Bad Bunny, Residente, and iLe, was released during the protests.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ILE official website

alias:
Ileana Mercedes Cabra Joglar
Ileana Cabra Joglar
PG-13

description: Puerto Rican singer; formerly with Calle 13

wikidata_label: iLe

wikipedia_title: ILE (singer)


text: Colrain

text: Massachusetts

text: Greenfield

text: Massachusetts

text: astronomer

text: meteor showers

text: Mount Holyoke College

text: Astronomical Society of the Pacific

text: British Astronomical Association

text: Franklin County, Massachusetts

text: Mount Holyoke College

text: John Payson Williston Observatory

text: Anne Sewell Young

text: Sidereal Messenger

text: Andromeda

text: Leonid meteor shower

text: Popular Astronomy

text: John Payson Williston Observatory

text: Greenfield, Massachusetts

categories: American astronomers,Women astronomers,1831 births,Mount Holyoke College alumni,1899 deaths

paragraph: Elisabeth Bardwell

paragraph: Elisabeth Miller Bardwell (December 4, 1831 in Colrain, Massachusetts – May 27, 1899 in Greenfield, Massachusetts) was an American astronomer whose main area of study was meteor showers. She graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1866, and continued on at the college as an instructor until her death. During those 33 years, she taught a mixture of algebra, trigonometry, physics, and astronomy for the first twenty years, and eventually only astronomy after 1886. She also oversaw the development of the observatory at the college which included invited visits to the Washington, Princeton, Lick, Berlin, and Potsdam observatories. In November, 1891 she was elected a member of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific; in March 1895, of the British Astronomical Association, and in 1898, of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She was a contributor to "Astronomy", "Astro-Physics", and "Popular Astronomy".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Elisabeth Miller Bardwell was born in Franklin County, Massachusetts on December 4, 1831 to Amos and Minerva (Miller) Bardwell. As a child, Elisabeth spent lots of time outside and developed an extroverted personality that led to a fearless and risk-taking demeanor. Often she could be found taking books with her when she played outside, as she was known to learn from the environment around her. Bardwell also showed early signs of being a scholar, finishing "Adams' New Arithmetic" at age twelve. Initially, she attended the Academy at Shelburne Falls, learning Latin and various other subjects in order to prepare her for teaching at a higher level in the future. She began teaching at age 18 at district schools in her hometown until she decided to leave teaching to pursue further studies.

paragraph: Section::::Time at Mount Holyoke College.

paragraph: Bardwell graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1866 and remained to teach there for 33 years. She taught algebra, trigonometry, physics, and astronomy. She was also the director of the John Payson Williston Observatory at the college from its opening in 1881 until 1896, during which time she oversaw its growth. Improvements in telescopes allowed her and her students to observe sunspots, lunar occulations, and variable stars. The astronomy program became a popular course of study with nearly 20% of students choosing to enroll in an astronomy class between 1896-1976 after the college introduced an astronomy major in 1895. The development of the observatory and the course itself laid the groundwork for the next generation of female astronomy professors at the college, such as Anne Sewell Young.

paragraph: Section::::Publications and contributions to the field of astronomy.

paragraph: When Bardwell was not teaching, she was watching the sky for celestial events. In a volume of the "Sidereal Messenger", she published her observations of a meteor shower radiating from the constellation Andromeda. She also published detailed observations of the Leonid meteor shower, including a chart of the Leonid Radiant in "Popular Astronomy". While these observations were not new discoveries, they helped confirm which radiants meteors originated from. In 1880, Bardwell oversaw the building of the John Payson Williston Observatory where she would be the director until her death.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Towards the end of her life, Bardwell resided in Greenfield, Massachusetts with her sister.Unfortunately, her sister passed away in 1895, leading to a long period of grief for Bardwell who felt very close with her sister. Seven years prior to her death, Bardwell was diagnosed with a severe illness that she never fully recovered from.On May 27,1899, Elisabeth Bardwell passed away with one of her sisters by her side. In terms of her legacy, Bardwell is remembered as being a large part in the idea of believing in God, yet still challenging and investigating what is accepted as true.The tributes read at her memorial included:

paragraph: ""When I first met Miss Bardwell I stood in awe of her, but soon finding her sympathy and tenderness, learned to go to her in trouble.""

paragraph: ""How safe I felt about everything I had committed to her care! How true she was to every interest and to every friend!""

description: American astronomer (1831-1899)

wikidata_label: Elisabeth Bardwell

wikipedia_title: Elisabeth Bardwell


text: Marcinelle

text: Brussels

text: Walloon

text: lawyer

text: cultural critic

text: socialist

text: politician

text: Belgian Labour Party

text: Walloon movement

text: Belgians

text: patriotic

text: Flemings

text: Walloons

text: federal state

text: Couillet

text: Université Libre de Bruxelles

text: Maredsous Abbey

text: Keizersberg Abbey

text: Leuven

text: Bruno Destrée

text: etcher

text: Auguste Danse

text: Marie

text: Constantin Meunier

text: Paul Pastur

text: socialist party

text: Parti Ouvrier Belge

text: Odilon Redon

text: Rogier van der Weyden

text: Hainaut

text: King of the Belgians

text: Albert I

text: The New York Times

text: Germany

text: France

text: London

text: Paris

text: Rome

text: diplomatic mission

text: Saint Petersburg

text: China

text: Camille Huysmans

text: municipalities

text: provinces

text: Brabant

text: Brussels-Capital Region

text: League of Nations

text: Committee on Intellectual Cooperation

text: Euripide Foundoukidis

text: Charleroi

text: Flanders

text: Wallonia

text: Belgian nationalism

text: Home Rule

text: federal state

text: a unitary Belgium

text: Gaston Eyskens

text: federal state

text: The Jules Destrée Museum

text: Institut "Jules-Destrée"

text: R. V. N., art. Jules Destrée (2006)

categories: Members of the Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique,Walloon movement activists,1936 deaths,People from Charleroi,Belgian Labour Party politicians,1863 births,Free University of Brussels alumni,Walloon writers

paragraph: Jules Destrée

paragraph: Jules Destrée (; Marcinelle, 21 August 1863 – Brussels, 3 January 1936) was a Walloon lawyer, cultural critic and socialist politician. The trials subsequent to the strikes of 1886 determined his commitment within the Belgian Labour Party. He wrote a "Letter to the King" in 1912, which is seen as the founding declaration of the Walloon movement. He is famous for his quote "Il n'y a pas de Belges" ("There are no Belgians"), pointing to the lack of patriotic feelings in Flemings and Walloons, while pleading for some kind of federal state.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His father was an engineer in the chemical industry in Marcinelle and Couillet and later became a professor. Jules himself was a gifted student, getting his PhD in Law from the Université Libre de Bruxelles at the age of 20. His younger brother, Olivier Georges, became a monk, first in the Maredsous Abbey, later in the Keizersberg Abbey in Leuven, under the name Bruno Destrée.

paragraph: Besides his judicial work, he liked circulating among the artistic and literary circles of his time. There, he met etcher Auguste Danse, whose daughter Marie, a niece of Constantin Meunier, he married in 1889.

paragraph: In 1892, together with Paul Pastur, he founded the Democratic Federation. He started a political career with the socialist party Parti Ouvrier Belge (POB), and was elected as a member of the Belgian Chamber of People's Representatives in 1894, where he continued to work until his death.

paragraph: He wrote many and diverse publications; prose, political and social works, and studies on artists (like Odilon Redon and Rogier van der Weyden).

paragraph: In 1911, during an exhibition of ancient arts of the Hainaut, Jules Destrée realised that Wallonia had many specific characteristics. From then on, he expressed his revendications for an autonomous Wallonia. In November, he gave a talk in front of the association of the young lawyers of Brussels (Jeune Barreau de Bruxelles). During this conference, he proteded the political minorisation of the Walloon people, saying, "We are defeated ones and defeated ones governed against our mentality.

paragraph: Jules Destrée wrote his opened letter in 1912 to the King of the Belgians Albert I. The letter was published in the "Revue de Belgique" (15 August 1912) and in the "Journal de Charleroi" (24 August 1912). The largest newspapers, including "la Gazette de Charleroi", "l'Express" and "la Meuse", published the letter later on. And, in the foreign countries, for instance The New York Times published a short article about this letter.

paragraph: After Germany invaded Belgium in 1914, Jules Destrée went into exile in France at the request of the Belgian government, pleading for the Belgian cause in London, Paris and Rome. He also went on diplomatic missions, to Saint Petersburg and to China in 1918.

paragraph: From 1919 to 1921 he was Minister of Arts and Sciences. He installed a "Fonds des mieux doués", a fund for the education of gifted children from poor families. In 1920 he started the "Académie de Langue et de Littérature françaises de Belgique", the "Academy of French Language and Literature of Belgium".

paragraph: Until his death, he would continue to work on improving the political situation of Wallonia. In 1923 he left, the "Assemblée wallonne" (the "Wallonian Assembly"), which he co-founded in 1912, because it had not paid enough attention the Walloon working class. In 1929, he signed, together with Camille Huysmans, the "Compromis des Belges" ("Compromise of the Belgians"). This document judged separatism, accepted the cultural autonomy of Flanders and Wallonia, and suggested a greater autonomy for municipalities and provinces. It foresaw a bilingual Flanders and an unilingual Wallonia (this was before Brabant was split and the Brussels-Capital Region was created as a separate entity).

paragraph: Because of his engagement in the League of Nations' Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (between 1022-1932), Destrée was appointed head of the International Office of Museums (IOM), a unit of the  International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC), with Euripide Foundoukidis as secretary.

paragraph: In 1938, the Institut Jules Destrée was founded to promote the regional development of Wallonia. With his heritage, a museum was founded in the attic of the Town Hall of Charleroi (Musée Jules Destrée), which opened in 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Thoughts.

paragraph: According to Destrée, Belgium was composed of two separate entities, Flanders and Wallonia, and a feeling of Belgian nationalism was not possible, illustrated in his 1906 work "Une idée qui meurt: la patrie" ("An idea that is dying: the fatherland"). In the "Revue de Belgique" of 15 August 1912 he articulates this in his famous and notorious "Lettre au roi sur la séparation de la Wallonie et de la Flandre" ("Letter to the king on the separation of Wallonia and Flanders"), where he wrote:

paragraph: The King agreed secretly with the Destrée's view but not to his proposal of a kind of Home Rule and wrote to his counsellor: "I read the letter of Destrée, which, without uncertainty, is some literature of great talent. All that he said is absolutely true, but it is not less true that administrative separation would be an evil with more disadvantages and dangers than any aspect of the current situation."

paragraph: Contrary to what the title of his lettre might suggest, he didn't plead for the separation of Belgium, but for some kind of federal state before such a term even existed.

paragraph: His primary reason was the fear that Flanders, being more closely populated, would dominate a unitary Belgium. Later, Gaston Eyskens modified his quote, saying "Sire, il n'y a plus de Belges" ("Sire, there are no more Belgians"), after the first steps were taken to transform Belgian into a federal state.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Jules Destrée Museum, Retrieved October 13, 2006.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Institut "Jules-Destrée"

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. V. N., art. Jules Destrée (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- On the fake antisemitsm of Jules Destree

description: Belgian lawyer and politician

wikidata_label: Jules Destrée

wikipedia_title: Jules Destrée


text:
Canninefates
Batavian rebellion
Tacitus

categories: Germanic warriors,1st-century monarchs in Europe,Germanic rulers

paragraph: Brinno

paragraph: Brinno was leader of the Canninefates when they joined in the Batavian rebellion at the mouth of the Rhine in AD69. According to Tacitus he was:

description: Ruler of the Canninefates

wikidata_label: Brinno

wikipedia_title: Brinno


text:
French
critic
Brignoles
Armand Colin
Lacordaire
Joseph de Maistre
La Vie de Jésus
Veuillot, Louis
Jules Lemaître
Violaine
Works by Antoine Albalat
Hathi Trust

categories: 20th-century French novelists,French male novelists,1935 deaths,French Roman Catholics,French literary critics,20th-century French male writers,19th-century French novelists,1856 births,People from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur,Roman Catholic writers,French male essayists,19th-century essayists,French essayists,19th-century French male writers

paragraph: Antoine Albalat

paragraph: Antoine Albalat (1856-1935) was a French writer and literary critic.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Fiction

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1877). "Nella, Simple Histoire en Vers". Brignoles: Impr. de A. Vian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1882). "Inassouvie, Roman Intime". Paris: Paul Ollendorff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1883). "Un Adultère, Roman intime". Paris: Paul Ollendorff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1886). "La Faute d'une Mère". Paris: Paul Ollendorff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1896). "Une Fleur des Tombes. Histoire d'Amour". Paris: G. Havard Fils.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1897). "Marie, Premier Amour". Paris: G. Havard Fils.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1905). "L'Impossible Pardon". Paris: Émile Petit.

paragraph: Non-fiction

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1884). "L'Amour chez Alphonse Daudet". Paris: Paul Ollendorff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1895). "Le Mal d'Écrire et le Roman Contemporain". Paris: Ernest Flammarion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1896). "L'Art d'Écrire: Ouvriers et Procédés". Paris: G. Havard Fils.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1899). "L'Art d'Écrire Enseigné en Vingt Leçons". Paris: Armand Colin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1901). "La Formation du Style par l'Assimilation des Auteurs". Paris: Armand Colin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1903). "Le Travail du Style enseigné par les Corrections Manuscrites des Grands Écrivains". Paris: Armand Colin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1905). "Les Ennemis de l'Art d'Écrire". Paris: Librairie Universelle.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1907). "Frédéric Mistral, son Génie, son Œuvre". Paris: E. Sansot.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1911). "Lacordaire". Paris: Librairie Catholique Emmanuel Vitte.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1913). "Comment il Faut Lire les Auteurs Classiques Français". Paris: Armand Colin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1914). "Joseph de Maistre". Paris: Librairie Catholique Emmanuel Vitte.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1921). "Souvenirs de la Vie Littéraire". Paris: Arthème-Fayard et Cie.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1921). "Comment il ne faut pas écrire: Les ravages du style contemporain". Paris: Librairie Plon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1925). "Comment on Devient Écrivain". Paris: Librairie Plon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1927). "Gustave Flaubert et ses Amis". Paris: Librairie Plon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1929). "L'Art Poétique de Boileau". Paris: Edgar Malfère Éditeur.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1930). "Trente ans de Quartier Latin. Nouveaux Souvenirs de la Vie Littéraire". Paris: Edgar Malfère Éditeur.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1933). "La Vie de Jésus d'Ernest Renan". Paris: Société Française d'Éditions Littéraires et Techniques.

paragraph: Miscellany

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1906). Veuillot, Louis. "Pages Choisies", with an introduction by Antoine Albalat. Paris: Librairie Catholique Emmanuel Vitte.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1911). "Les Poètes de Jeanne d'Arc". Préface by Jules Lemaître; introduction and notes, by Antoine Albalat. Paris: Librairie des Annales.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Houdart-Merot, Violaine (1998). "La Culture Littéraire au Lycée depuis 1880". Paris: Adapt Éditions.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by Antoine Albalat, at Hathi Trust

description: French writer and literary critic

wikidata_label: Antoine Albalat

wikipedia_title: Antoine Albalat


text:
Worshipful Company of Chirurgeons
Maidstone
Kent
Thomas Wyatt the younger
Wyatt's rebellion
Thomas Wyatt the elder
Thomas Cole
Lanfranc of Milan
Percy Society
Thomas Joseph Pettigrew
quacks
Book of Proverbs
Thomas Sternhold
Niccolò Massa
Bodleian Library
William Cuningham
Commendatory verse
Thomas Gale

categories: English surgeons,16th-century births,English medical writers,English male poets,1568 deaths

paragraph: John Halle

paragraph: John Halle, or John Hall of Maidstone (c. 1529/1530 – c. 1568) was an English surgeon, known as a medical writer and poet.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in 1529 or 1530, Halle became a member of the Worshipful Company of Chirurgeons, and practised as a surgeon at Maidstone, Kent. He is thought to have been a supporter of Thomas Wyatt the younger, and involved in Wyatt's rebellion.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: As a poet, Halle was influenced by Thomas Wyatt the elder. His works were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Certayne Chapters taken out of the Proverbes of Solomon, with other Chapters of the Holy Scripture, and certayne Psalmes of David, translated into English Metre", London (Thomas Raynalde), 1549.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Poesie in Forme of a Vision, briefly inveying against the most hatefull and prodigious artes of Necromancie, Witchcraft, Sorcerie, Incantations, and divers other detestable and deuilishe practises, dayly used under colour of Judiciall Astrologie", London, 1563.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Court of Vertue, contayning many Holy or Spretuall Songes, Sonnettes, Psalmes, Balletts, and Shorte Sentences, as well of Holy Scripture, as others", with musical notes, London, 1565. This book seems by the prologue to have been written to contrast with "The Court of Venus", a collection of love songs. Dedicated to Thomas Cole.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A most excellent and learned woorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parva Lanfranci, Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyvers translations to our vulgar-frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte", black letter, 4 pts., London, 1565. Translation from Lanfranc of Milan. It contains a woodcut portrait of the translator, "æt. 35, 1564". Appended were two other works: "A very frutefull and necessary briefe worke of Anatomie"; and "An Historiall Expostulation: Against the beastlye Abusers, both of Chyrurgerie, and Physyke, in oure tyme: with a goodlye Doctrine and Instruction, necessarye to be marked and folowed, of all true Chirurgiens", reprinted in volume 11 of the publications of the Percy Society, London, 1844, edited by Thomas Joseph Pettigrew. Halle denounced in the latter the quacks of the day, and opposed the combination of magic, divination, and physic.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A metrical version of "The Prouerbes of Salamon, thre chapters of Ecclesiastes, the sixthe chapter of Sapientia, the ix chapter of Ecclesiasticus, and certayne psalmes of Dauid", London (Edward Whitchurch), n.d., dedicated to John Bricket, esq., of Eltham. Halle complained that chapters of the "Book of Proverbs", translated by him into English metre, 1550, had been attributed to Thomas Sternhold.

paragraph: BULLET::::- English translation of Benedict Victorius Faventinus's and Niccolò Massa's treatises "De Morbo Gallico"; "Cure of the French Disease", a manuscript in the Bodleian Library, which also contains letters from Halle to William Cuningham.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commendatory verses, in English, prefixed to Thomas Gale's "Enchiridion of Chirurgerie", 1563, and to the same author's "Institution of a Chirurgian", 1563.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: English surgeon, medical writer and poet

wikidata_label: John Halle

wikipedia_title: John Halle


text: Utrecht

text: The Hague

text: Utrecht Cathedral

text: Renswoude

text: States-General of Holland

text: Willem Boreel

text: Sir Edward Walker

text: The Hague

text: Thomas Simon

text: St. Germains

text: Leiden University

categories: Dutch politicians,Dutch diplomats,1682 deaths,1593 births

paragraph: Johan van Reede van Renswouden

paragraph: Johan van Reede van Renswoude, known in Britain as John de Reede, 1st Baron Reede (1593, Utrecht – 7 February 1682, The Hague) was a Dutch diplomat and politician.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The son of Mechteld Peunis van Diest and Gerard/Godard van Reede van Nederhorst (1555-1612), he became, like his father before him, a canon or deacon in Utrecht Cathedral in 1620. In 1623 he acquired the title and lands of Renswoude, and was elected to the States-General of Holland.

paragraph: Section::::Mission to England.

paragraph: In 1644 van Reede was sent with Willem Boreel of Amsterdam as ambassador-extraordinary to England in the attempt to reconcile king and parliament. He visited Charles I at Oxford, and was created Baron Reede on 24 March 1644, with limitation to his heirs male, while Boreel is said to have been made a baronet. Sir Edward Walker, who was with the king at the time, wrote that Baron Reede had only the title and dignity of baron, with no place or voice in parliament.

paragraph: The House of Commons resented the interference of the ambassadors; and when Boreel and Reede returned to The Hague in May 1645, complaint was made that they had behaved as "interested parties rather than public agents". A medal of van Reede was engraved in England in 1645 by Thomas Simon.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: After his return to Holland van Reede was sent ambassador to Denmark, and from 1652 to 1671 was president of the States of Utrecht, a position which he resumed in 1674. He wrote, on 12 September 1652, to Charles II, at St. Germains, offering his services.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his wife, Jocamina de Heede (1595-1671), Van Reede had numerous descendants.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferry Gouwens, Johan van Reede, heer van Van Renswoude (1593-1682). Een politieke biografie, Research master thesis at the Leiden University History department.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: Dutch diplomat and politician

wikidata_label: Johan van Reede van Renswouden

wikipedia_title: Johan van Reede van Renswouden


text:
3rd Baronet
James Fitzjames Stephen
Trinity College, Cambridge
Barbara
Embley
Lea Hurst
called to the Bar
High Court, Calcutta
State Trials: Political and Social
Page 1087

categories: Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge,1945 deaths,1860 births

paragraph: Harry Lushington Stephen

paragraph: Sir Harry Lushington Stephen, 3rd Baronet (1860 - 1945), son of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, was born on 2 March 1860. He was educated at Rugby and graduated LLM from Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1904 he married Barbara, youngest daughter of W Shore Nightingale of Embley Romsey and Lea Hurst, Derbyshire. He had one son. He was a member of the following clubs: Athenaeum, Oxford and Cambridge, Savile, Bengal. He was called to the Bar in 1885, and practised on the South Wales Circuit from 1886 to 1901. He became Judge of the High Court, Calcutta, on 18 November 1901. He was knighted in 1913.

paragraph: He is the author of "Law of Support and Subsidence", 1890. It was "a useful little monograph". He was the editor of the fourteenth edition of "Oke's Synopsis", the eighth edition of "Oke's Formulist" and "State Trials: Political and Social",1899.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter E. Houghton. "Stephen, Sir Harry Lushington" in "Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900". Routledge. 2013. . Page 1087.

wikidata_label: Harry Lushington Stephen

wikipedia_title: Harry Lushington Stephen


text:
American Impressionist
California
liturgical
Sausalito
Marin County
San Francisco
cleft palate
Edinburgh
St John's Wood School of Art
Arthur Frank Mathews
1906 San Francisco earthquake
New York City
Art Students League
F. Luis Mora
Lake George
Spencer Trask
Woodstock
Catskill Mountains
Harpers Magazine
William Merritt Chase
Monterey
William Merritt Chase
Carmel
Jennie V. Cannon
Panama–California Exposition
National Academy of Design
William Ritschel
St Ives, Cornwall
Society of Scottish Artists
Carmel Mission
Crocker Art Museum
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
Monterey Museum of Art
Oakland Museum of California
William H. Gerdts

wikipedia_title:
American Impressionism
California
Liturgy
Sausalito, California
Marin County, California
San Francisco
Cleft lip and cleft palate
Edinburgh
St John's Wood Art School
Arthur Frank Mathews
1906 San Francisco earthquake
New York City
Art Students League of New York
F. Luis Mora
Lake George (New York)
Spencer Trask
Woodstock, New York
Catskill Mountains
Harper's Magazine
William Merritt Chase
Monterey, California
William Merritt Chase
Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Jennie V. Cannon
Panama–California Exposition
National Academy of Design
William Frederic Ritschel
St Ives, Cornwall
Society of Scottish Artists
Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
Crocker Art Museum
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
Monterey Museum of Art
Oakland Museum of California
William H. Gerdts

categories: 20th-century American painters,1885 births,American women painters,American landscape painters,People from Sausalito, California,American Impressionist painters,Painters from California,1969 deaths,People from Monterey, California,20th-century American women artists,American people of Scottish descent

paragraph: E. Charlton Fortune

paragraph: Euphemia Charlton Fortune (1885–1969) was an American Impressionist artist from California. She was trained in Europe, New York and San Francisco. She painted many portraits as well as landscape views of California and European sites. In midlife she turned to liturgical design. She signed her paintings "E. Charlton Fortune," which helped conceal her gender.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Fortune was born in Sausalito, Marin County, California, on January 15, 1885. Her father was a Scot, William Ranken Fortune, and her mother was a native of San Francisco, Helen Hersberg. She eschewed her given name Euphemia, and was known to friends as Effie. Having a cleft palate, as did her father, Effie resolved to never marry, lest the trait be passed on. She came from a wealthy family and was able to travel widely throughout her life.

paragraph: Her father developed lung disease by 1890, prompting the family to move to Southern California in 1891. The father died in 1894. In 1898 an aunt visited from Scotland and took Effie back with her, where she enrolled in St. Margaret's Convent in Edinburgh. She graduated in 1904 and went to London, where she studied at St John's Wood School of Art.

paragraph: In 1905, she returned to San Francisco, where she studied at the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, then directed by Arthur Frank Mathews.

paragraph: The 1906 San Francisco earthquake destroyed the Fortune family's home, virtually all of Effie's paintings, and the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art. The following year the family relocated to New York City, where she studied at the Art Students League until 1910. Frank Vincent DuMond was a favorite teacher from whom she learned the importance of expressing her own individuality and the importance of light effects. From the South American F. Luis Mora she learned the skills of an illustrator. Fortune often painted at Lake George with DuMond. As she sought out further outdoor venues, she was invited by Spencer Trask to paint at Woodstock in the Catskill Mountains. She was elected women's vice president of the Art Student's League and contributed some illustrations to "Harpers Magazine". She also studied with William Merritt Chase in her last year at the Art Students League.

paragraph: During 1910, she traveled to Scotland, England and France. Upon visiting her alma mater in Edinburgh, she was commissioned to paint three panels of the life of Christ for St. Margaret's Convent. She also received her first professional exhibition at the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh, exhibiting 27 paintings there in 1911.

paragraph: Section::::Early career in California.

paragraph: In 1910, after a trip to Paris where she was exposed to modern French art, Fortune re-emerged in San Francisco. Through the help of Luis Mora, she gained a position as an illustrator for "Sunset Magazine". From 1913 through 1920, she and her mother spent summers in Monterey. In 1914 William Merritt Chase taught a summer painting class in nearby Carmel; Fortune took credit for having invited him, although the collected documentary evidence shows that the artist Jennie V. Cannon and co-founder of Carmel Frank Devendorf were responsible for inviting Chase. Between 1916 and 1920 she taught private art lessons and organized outdoor painting workshops. She was also active in the San Francisco art community: She exhibited ten portraits at Vickery, Atkins and Torrey in 1913 and had solo shows at Schussler Galleries in 1914 and Helgesen Galleries in 1918. In 1915 she received silver medals at both the Panama Pacific International Exposition and the Panama–California Exposition. In 1920 she was nominated to the National Academy of Design, sponsored by Luis Mora and William Ritschel, but she was not elected to the Academy.

paragraph: Section::::Europe and then back to Monterey.

paragraph: Fortune, continuing to travel with her mother, visited Europe from 1921 to 1927. They lived in St Ives, Cornwall from 1922 to 1923, then spent time in St. Tropez and Italy. She exhibited in various European and American museums and galleries during these years, and in 1924 one of her paintings of Saint Ives Harbor received a Silver Medal at the Paris Salon. She was elected a member of the Society of Scottish Artists in 1922.

paragraph: Upon returning to California in 1927 she settled in Monterey and joined the newly formed Carmel Art Association. She had a solo exhibition at the Galerie des Beaux Arts in San Francisco in October 1927, which received very negative reviews from two of the most prominent art critics in the Bay Area, Junius Cravens of "The Argonaut" and Jehanne Salinger of "The Argus". However, at other venues, such as the Oakland Art Gallery, Los Angeles Art Museum and Carmel Art Association, her European paintings, which reflected a new Post-Impressionist approach, received rave reviews in the "San Francisco Chronicle", "Oakland Tribune", and "Los Angeles Times".

paragraph: Section::::Religious art.

paragraph: About this time Fortune decided to focus on religious art, and in 1928 she co-established the firm of Fortune and Ryland for the purpose of making liturgical arts to adorn Roman Catholic Churches. Shortly thereafter she adopted the name Monterey Guild and accepted numerous commissions for ecclesiastical furnishings. She served as artist-in-residence at Portsmouth Priory (now Portsmouth Abbey School) in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, in 1947–48 and designed the tabernacle that now resides in the Abbey's Church of St. Gregory the Great. In 1955, she received the papal award Pro ecclesia et Pontiface for outstanding achievement in the field of liturgical art.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: A play about Fortune, "Fortune's Way, or Notes on Art for Catholics (and Others)", by Steve Hauk, premiered in California in staged readings in 2010 at the Carmel Mission. The play featured Teresa Del Piero in the title role and John Brady as the Bishop. {Performances followed at the Carl Cherry Center for the Arts, Carmel; the Monterey Museum of Art, the Pacific Grove Public Library and in the summer of 2011 it was performed at The Carmel Art Association. This performance is thought to be a first in the association's 84-year history. The play is set after the artist has turned to liturgical work and as she looks back at her life while giving a lecture. The full text of the play with photographs is on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization, Inc. website. Steve Hauk speaks about the life and art of artist E. Charlton Fortune. on a video for the Museum of Monterey's 100 Story Project.

paragraph: A Fortune painting sold at auction in April 2014 for $365,000.

paragraph: Section::::Permanent collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irvine Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monterey Museum of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oakland Museum of California

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Mary's College Museum of Art

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seven Sorrows of Mary" mural series

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AskART biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert E. Brennan and David Ramsey (2005). "The Religious Art of E. Charlton Fortune : A Chapter in the Early History of the American Liturgical Revival." OCLC 66466903

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gene Hailey, ed. (1936). "California Art Research." San Francisco, CA: California Art Research Project.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carmel Art Association (2001). "E. Charlton Fortune, 1885–1969," introduction by William H. Gerdts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jo Farb Hernandez, Robert E. Brennan and Merle Schipper (1989). "Colors and Impressions: The Early Work of E. Charlton Fortune", Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art.

alias:
Charlton Fortune
E Charlton Fortune
Euphemia Charlton Fortune
Fortune

description: American artist

wikidata_label: E. Charlton Fortune

wikipedia_title: E. Charlton Fortune


text: Toledo, Ohio

text: Republican

text: Ohio Supreme Court

text: Ohio Supreme Court

text: Election Results, Ohio Supreme Court

text: List of Ohio politicians

categories: Lawyers from Toledo, Ohio,1932 births,Ohio Supreme Court justices,University of Toledo College of Law alumni,Ohio Republicans,Politicians from Toledo, Ohio,Living people

paragraph: Andrew Douglas (judge)

paragraph: Andrew Grant Douglas (born 1932 in Toledo, Ohio) is a former Republican justice of the Ohio Supreme Court who served in that office from 1985 to 2002.

paragraph: As of August 2015, former Justice Douglas is representing Responsible Ohio in their legal disputes. Responsible Ohio is attempting to pass a constitutional amendment to allow for the sale of recreational marijuana in Ohio.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ohio Supreme Court

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Justices of the Ohio Supreme Court

paragraph: BULLET::::- Election Results, Ohio Supreme Court

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ohio politicians

description: American judge

wikidata_label: Andrew Douglas

wikipedia_title: Andrew Douglas (judge)


text:
Riviera d'Adda
Lombardy
racing driver
Team Ghinzani
Formula Three
Formula One
Team Euroracing
Formula Three
European Championship
Italian Championship
British Championship
Formula 2
Formula One
1981 Belgian Grand Prix
Zolder
Osella
Group C
Sports car racing
Michele Alboreto
Riccardo Patrese
Lancia
Kyalami
South African
1984 Dallas Grand Prix
Toleman
Teo Fabi
car
Germany
Alfa Romeo
V8 engine
Ligier
René Arnoux
4 cylinder
Fiat
cars
Megatron
Brabham
Arrows
Benetton
BMW
USF&G
Brazil
Germany
Silverstone
British Grand Prix
Nicola Larini
Australia
Lotus
Nelson Piquet
Alain Prost

categories: A1 Grand Prix team owners,Italian Formula Three Championship drivers,Italian racing drivers,European Formula Two Championship drivers,Italian Formula One drivers,Toleman Formula One drivers,Osella Formula One drivers,People from the Province of Bergamo,Ligier Formula One drivers,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,Zakspeed Formula One drivers,1952 births,FIA European Formula 3 Championship drivers,British Formula One Championship drivers,Living people

paragraph: Piercarlo Ghinzani

paragraph: Piercarlo Ghinzani (born 16 January 1952 in Riviera d'Adda, Lombardy) is a former racing driver from Italy. He currently manages his own racing team, Team Ghinzani, which was created in 1992 and is currently involved in several Formula Three championships.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Before his Formula One career, Ghinzani raced between 1976 and 1979 with Team Euroracing, in several Formula Three championships such as the European Championship which he won in 1977, the Italian Championship which he won in 1979 and the British Championship. He also raced in Formula 2 in 1978.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.

paragraph: He participated in 111 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 17 May at the 1981 Belgian Grand Prix at Zolder. Though he participated in 111 Grands Prix, he only qualified for 77 of those, and started 76. He spent much of the 1980s racing for the small Osella team, and he only ever took one points finish. Ghinzani explained his continued association with unsuccessful teams such as Osella by saying it was better to be in Formula One, even at the back of the grid, than it was not being in it.

paragraph: Following sporadic F1 appearances in , and racing in Group C Sports car racing as a teammate to Michele Alboreto and Riccardo Patrese for Lancia, Ghinzani's first full season with the Osella team was in . Despite achieving no points finishes he was retained for . After qualifying 20th for the second race of the season at Kyalami in South African, he crashed in the morning warm-up at high speed through the Jukskei Sweep. His Osella hit the wall and with almost a full fuel load of 220 litres, went up in flames and he suffered burns to his hands and face that kept him out of the race. He recovered to take his only career points when he finished a surprising 5th at the 1984 Dallas Grand Prix in a race marked by high attrition, crumbling tarmac and oppressive heat.

paragraph: Ghinzani remained with Osella for , in the latter half of that year Ghinzani was drafted into the Toleman team to partner fellow Italian Teo Fabi. Despite the competitiveness of the car (Fabi managed to put his car on pole in Germany), Ghinzani was suffered reliability problems and was unable to register a finish for the team. saw him return to Osella which brought predictable results in a car that was based on a 1983 design and with a turbocharged Alfa Romeo V8 engine that was unreliable, moderately powerful and hard on fuel.

paragraph: For he was contracted to the Ligier team, alongside former Grand Prix winner René Arnoux. The team planned to run the new turbocharged 4 cylinder Alfa Romeo engines, but those plans were suddenly scuppered by Arnoux's scathing pre-season comments that likened the engine to dog food and gave Alfa's parent company Fiat the excuse they needed to pull the plug on the engine project. This forced the team to hastily adapt their cars to fit Megatron engines, though luckily both were 4 cylinder and almost the same size (the Megatron was actually the BMW engine used by Brabham and previously by Arrows and Benetton, but as BMW had pulled out of F1 at the beginning of the season, Arrows and their sponsors, USF&G, bought the remaining engines from BMW and renamed them "Megatron"). However, while both were 4 cylinder engines, their respective 'plumbing' was completely different, forcing the team to miss the opening race of the season in Brazil while the rear suspension was re-designed to fit the new engine. Ghinzani occasionally ran in the points for Ligier, notably in Germany, but suffered the indignity of being disqualified at Silverstone for the British Grand Prix.

paragraph: For he once again linked with Osella as teammate to young Italian driver Nicola Larini.

paragraph: Ghinzani announced his decision to retire from Grand Prix racing before official practice of the final race of the 1989 season in Australia. He qualified 21st for his final race, but it ended when his Osella was violently hit from behind by the Lotus of triple World Champion Nelson Piquet on lap 19 under braking for the hairpin at the end of the fast Brabham Straight. Piquet, whose helmet was hit by one of the Osella's rear wheels but thankfully wasn't hurt, stated that he simply not seen Ghinzani until he hit him due to the amount of spray. The race saw 1989 World Champion Alain Prost refuse to drive more than one lap in protest of the dangerous conditions brought on by persistent and heavy rain.

paragraph: Piercarlo Ghinzani also holds the record for the most Formula One appearances without qualifying in the top ten.

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Piercarlo Ghinzani

wikipedia_title: Piercarlo Ghinzani


text: Brazilian Formula Ford Championship

text: British Formula 3 Championship

text: Formula One

text: Forti

text: 1995 season

text: Ligier

text: Arrows

text: 2000 season

text: Prost

text: Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil Championship

text: Pão de Açúcar

text: Food Tank

text: pay driver

text: São Paulo

text: Brazil

text: Abílio dos Santos Diniz

text: Companhia Brasileira de Distribuição

text: Pão de Açúcar

text: karting

text: Brazilian Formula Ford

text: Interlagos

text: West Surrey Racing

text: Roberto Moreno

text: René Arnoux

text: Argentina

text: San Marino

text: Spain

text: Monaco

text: Magny-Cours

text: Suzuka

text: Ligier

text: Tom Walkinshaw

text: Australia

text: Brazil

text: Argentine Grand Prix

text: The Sun

text: Monaco

text: Catalunya

text: Monza

text: Hockenheim

text: Arrows

text: Damon Hill

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: Belgium

text: Italy

text: Luxembourg Grand Prix

text: European Grand Prix

text: Belgium

text: Japan

text: Mika Salo

text: San Marino

text: Spain

text: Monaco

text: Canada

text: France

text: Hungary

text: Belgium

text: Jean Alesi

text: Canada

text: France

text: European Grand Prix

text: Alexander Wurz

text: Peter Sauber

text: Australia

text: Brazilian Grand Prix

text: San Marino

text: British Grand Prix

text: Spanish Grand Prix

text: Giancarlo Fisichella

text: Austria

text: Germany

text: Jean Alesi

text: Mugello

text: Enrique Bernoldi

text: Alain Prost

text: Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil Championship

categories: Formula 3 Sudamericana drivers,Arrows Formula One drivers,Ligier Formula One drivers,British Formula Three Championship drivers,Sauber Formula One drivers,Brazilian businesspeople,International Formula 3000 drivers,Brazilian racing drivers,Brazilian Formula One drivers,Forti Formula One drivers,1970 births,Brazilian people of Portuguese descent,Living people,British Formula 3000 Championship drivers

paragraph: Pedro Diniz

paragraph: Pedro Paulo Falleiros dos Santos Diniz (born 22 May 1970) is a Brazilian businessman and former racing driver.

paragraph: Diniz began karting at the age of eighteen and achieved minor success, before progressing to car racing in the Brazilian Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship. He first drove in Formula One with Forti for the 1995 season. The following year he switched to Ligier and moved to Arrows for 1997. In 1998, he finished 14th in the Drivers' Championship, and subsequently moved to Sauber for 1999. He left Sauber after the 2000 season and bought a share in the Prost team, which folded a year later.

paragraph: Since leaving motorsport, Diniz founded the Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil Championship which he ran from 2002 and 2006, later becoming a partner in Pão de Açúcar and operates an organic produce and dairy farm alongside his wife Tatiana Diniz. He is a Board Member of Food Tank, a non-profit organization that spotlights environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable ways of alleviating hunger, obesity, and poverty and works to create networks of people, organizations, and content to push for food system change.

paragraph: Diniz was considered a pay driver during his career due to his family backing, but he scored ten points during his Formula One career while most pay drivers did not score any.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Diniz was born in São Paulo, Brazil on 22 May 1970. His father is Abílio dos Santos Diniz, a businessman who used to own the Brazilian distribution chain Companhia Brasileira de Distribuição and the supermarket chain Pão de Açúcar. Diniz struggled to find a good education and went to several schools around the local area.

paragraph: Diniz began karting at the age of eighteen, and his career was funded by his father who supported his son's hobby. He competed in several events around Brazil and his first racing success came when he won the Two Hours of São Paulo. Aged 19, Diniz moved up into car racing, competing in the Brazilian Formula Ford championship, where he finished ninth in the Drivers' Championship. In 1990, Diniz moved to the Reyanud Alfa team and finished ninth overall, with his best performances being a podium position at Interlagos.

paragraph: For 1991, Diniz moved to the British Formula 3 with the West Surrey Racing team, finishing 11th overall. He moved to the Edenbridge Racing team in 1992, driving a Reynard Mugen and took two podiums en route to eighth place overall.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.:Forti (1995).

paragraph: Diniz entered Formula One, the highest category of circuit racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body, with the Forti team, as team-mate to Roberto Moreno in 1995. In addition, this was the first of a three-year contract with Diniz and his backers. Despite his lack of success in F3000, he was guaranteed a seat as his family and sponsors were paying a significant amount of the team's budget. Furthermore, retired driver René Arnoux was employed as a consultant and driver coach for Diniz. The season started with Diniz scoring three consecutive finishes, albeit outside of the points scoring positions—but was not classified for the races in Argentina and San Marino. He did not finish the next race in Spain due to a gearbox problem and finished tenth in Monaco. Diniz retired from the next five races he entered, primarily from car issues and spun off into retirement at Magny-Cours. He subsequently finished every remaining race of the season, apart from the Grand Prix held at Suzuka where he spun off. He finished the season scoring no points and was unclassified in the Drivers' Championship. Diniz's good finishing record enabled him to establish himself as a steady, dependable driver. In December, Diniz signed for the Ligier team for 1996, despite team owner Tom Walkinshaw initially refusing to hold talks with the Brazilian driver. Ligier eventually signed Diniz after a shootout test session against other drivers in which Diniz was the fastest, also impressing the team with his approach and technical feedback. After leaving Forti, Diniz and his sponsors were described as "throwing their money away", and the Brazilian's reputation as a serious Formula One driver was damaged, as it took him several years to prove that he was not just in the sport because of his funding.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.:Ligier (1996).

paragraph: Diniz started the season by finishing outside of the points in the opening two races—tenth in Australia and eighth in Brazil. At the Argentine Grand Prix, his car burst into flames after a pit-stop due to its fuel valve sticking open; British newspaper The Sun famously printed the photo alongside the headline "Diniz in the Oven". After failing to finish at Monaco, a race which his team mate Panis won, Diniz scored his first career point with a sixth place finish at Catalunya. Six straight retirements followed before he scored another sixth place finish at Monza. Following his poor season with Forti in 1995 little was expected of him for 1996, so there was mild surprise when he managed to out-qualify the better rated Panis at Hockenheim and establish himself as a driver capable of scoring points.

paragraph: He finished the season 15th in the Drivers' Championship with two points, six places and 11 points behind Panis.

paragraph: After the season concluded, it was announced that Diniz would leave Ligier for the Arrows team for 1997, partnering reigning World Champion Damon Hill. An important factor was the amount of sponsorship Diniz brought to Arrows, estimated to be worth $13 million.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.:Arrows (1997–98).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997

paragraph: For 1997, Diniz was confident heading into the season and his decision to join Arrows, saying: "The all-round strength of the package Tom [Walkinshaw] has put together for 1997 made the decision very easy for me". Diniz started his season with a finish in Australia and later suffered from consecutive retirements in the next five races. He managed to finish eighth in Canada, before picking up further consecutive retirements in the next four races. Diniz managed to secure a seventh-place finish in Belgium, however he had been running in an excellent third place before a problem at his first pit stop dropped him out of contention. Diniz suffering a further retirement in Italy, however he managed to secure finishes in the next three consecutive races, which included a points scoring finish at the Luxembourg Grand Prix and retired from the final race of the season at the European Grand Prix. Diniz's reputation grew throughout the season from a mere pay driver to a genuine racing driver, he managed to out-qualify team mate Hill in Belgium and Japan, two of the most technically challenging tracks on the calendar, also having a number of strong race performances. In October, Arrows announced that Diniz had signed a one-year extension to his contract, remaining with the team for 1998. Diniz finished the season in sixteenth place in the Drivers' Championship, with two points, and finished four places behind team-mate Hill.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998

paragraph: Diniz remained at Arrows for 1998, partnered by Mika Salo. Diniz endured a torrid start: his car suffered gearbox problems in the opening three rounds and endured engine failures in the races at San Marino and Spain. He scored his first point of the season with a sixth-place finish in Monaco and managed to finish the races in Canada and France. Diniz suffered three more consecutive retirements, and finished the races in Hungary and Belgium, in eleventh and fifth respectively. Diniz finished the season by retiring in the final three races. He finished 14th in the Drivers' Championship, and was tied on points with team-mate Salo.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.:Sauber (1999–2000).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999

paragraph: For 1999, Diniz partnered experienced driver Jean Alesi at Sauber. He endured a torrid start: He was forced into retirement in the first five races held in the season; and in the sixth race of the season held in Canada, he managed to score his first point of the season with a sixth-place finish. Diniz suffered a retirement at the next round in France, before clinching consecutive sixth-place finishes in the next two races and later suffered further consecutive retirements in the following six races. In late August, it was announced that Diniz would remain at Sauber for 2000. At the European Grand Prix, Diniz was hit by Benetton driver Alexander Wurz who sent the Sauber driver into a barrel roll and suffered a bruised knee and shoulder, resulting from his car's roll hoop becoming damaged. The season was somewhat of a disappointment for both the team and the driver, however although Diniz only finished four races all season he scored points in three of them. Diniz finished the season fourteenth in the Drivers' Championship and scored three points.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000

paragraph: For 2000, Diniz again competed with Sauber and was partnered with Mika Salo. Team principal Peter Sauber stated Diniz and Salo would have equal status and that the former would use his experience over the upcoming season.

paragraph: Diniz started off the season by retiring with transmission problems in Australia. He, along with Salo, were forced to withdraw from the Brazilian Grand Prix due to potentially dangerous wing failures during the weekend. He managed to finish in the next two races—eighth in San Marino and eleventh at the British Grand Prix—which was followed by a retirement at the Spanish Grand Prix due to a spin on the first lap. He was involved in a collision with Giancarlo Fisichella's Benetton in Austria for which he received a stop-go penalty, and in Germany, Diniz collided with Prost driver Jean Alesi forcing both drivers to retire. Diniz finished the year scoring no points and was unclassified in the Drivers' Championship.

paragraph: Diniz became unhappy at Sauber over a test session shoot out at Mugello against fellow countryman Enrique Bernoldi. He held talks with the Prost and Sauber teams during October, and could not find a race seat with either team. Diniz decided to withdraw from active motorsport and his family purchased a 40 percent stake of the Prost team for $10 million and took a management role within the team.

paragraph: Section::::Post-Formula One.

paragraph: In late 2001, the Diniz family offered to purchase the remaining share although negotiations with team principal Alain Prost resulted in no agreement. Diniz formally left the team in November as his relationship with Prost had deteriorated

paragraph: Diniz announced the creation of a new racing series, the Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil Championship in November 2001. Diniz was a partner of the Wonder Inn, Fernando de Noronha between July 2003 and May 2009. He subsequently became a partner in his father's supermarket chain and operates an organic produce and dairy farm. He married Tatiana who works alongside Diniz and has two children.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete International Formula 3000 results.

paragraph: () (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races

paragraph: in "italics" indicate fastest lap)

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete Formula One results.

paragraph: Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Pedro Diniz

wikipedia_title: Pedro Diniz