text: Orestis

text: Philip II of Macedon

text: somatophylakes

text: assassinated

text: Olympias

text: Alexander the Great

text: Diodorus Siculus

text: Aristotle

text: Attalus

text: somatophylax

text: Cleopatra

text: Alexander I of Epirus

text: Attalus

text: Leonnatus

text: Perdiccas

text: Arrhabaeus

text: Leonnatus

text: Macedon

text: Amyntas (son of Antiochus)

text: Plutarch: "Life" of Alexander

text: "Philip's Assassination", Plutarch

text: Diodorus Siculus, 16.94

categories: Alexander the Great,Ancient Macedonian generals,Ancient Orestians,LGBT people from Greece,Ancient LGBT people,336 BC deaths,Generals of Philip II of Macedon,4th-century BC births,Year of birth unknown,People executed for murder,Somatophylakes,Greek regicides,People executed by Alexander the Great

paragraph: Pausanias of Orestis

paragraph: Pausanias of Orestis () was a member of Philip II of Macedon's personal bodyguard (somatophylakes). He assassinated Philip in 336 BCE, possibly at the instigation of Philip's wife Olympias, or even his son Alexander the Great. Pausanias was killed while fleeing the assassination.

paragraph: Section::::Motive as an assassin.

paragraph: The most popular story explaining the murder comes from Diodorus Siculus, who expanded upon its mention by Aristotle. According to Diodorus, the general Attalus blamed Pausanias of Orestis for the death of his friend, who confusingly was "also" named Pausanias. Philip and Pausanias of Orestis had once been lovers, but the affair ended, and Philip started a new affair with Pausanias the beloved of Attalus.

paragraph: Pausanias of Orestis, feeling spurned, insulted his romantic rival Pausanias the beloved of Attalus in public. To secure his public honor Pausanias the beloved of Attalus recklessly put himself into danger in battle while protecting the king. Devastated by his beloved's effective suicide, Attalus sought to punish Pausanias of Orestis by getting the man drunk and raping him. For any number of reasons, Philip did not punish Attalus for the rape of Philip's former lover; probably as a consolation, Pausanias of Orestis was promoted to the rank of somatophylax.

paragraph: It has been supposed then that Pausanias' motive for killing Philip was at least in part due to personal anger over Philip, who was the host of the party where Pausanias was raped, not having intervened in any way, nor even having reprimanded Attalus.

paragraph: Section::::Motive as an assassin.:Problems with timing of the revenge.

paragraph: However, there is a problem with the delay between the rape and the revenge: Diodorus supports the attribution of a personal motive to Pausanias, but dates the events that led to the assault on Pausanias to the time of the Illyrian Pleurias, but the last known campaign Philip conducted against the Illyria took place in 344 BC. The correspondence between these dates would put eight years between Pausanias' rape and the murder of Philip – an ostensibly long wait for a hot-blooded act of personal revenge.

paragraph: The earlier date is not known for certain; Philip may have confronted the Illyrians again at a later date: Possiblly he fought against them in 337 BC, making the date of Pausanias’ rape the year before his assassination.

paragraph: Section::::Killed while fleeing and trial of co-conspirators.

paragraph: Pausanias killed Philip at the wedding ceremony of Philip's daughter Cleopatra to Alexander I of Epirus; however, in the aftermath of the murder, whilst fleeing to the city gate in order to make his escape, Pausanias tripped on a vine root and was speared to death by several of Philip's bodyguards, including Attalus (not the general who abused Pausanias, but instead the son of Andromenes the Stymphaean), Leonnatus, and Perdiccas, who were also bodyguards and friends of Alexander.

paragraph: The murder was certainly premeditated, as horses were found near where Pausanias had tried to flee. At the murder trial, two other men, Heromenes and Arrhabaeus, were found guilty of conspiring with Pausanias, and executed. Leonnatus, who threw the spear that killed Pausanias, was demoted, possibly under the suspicion that he was trying to prevent the assassin from being interrogated.

paragraph: Section::::Suspicious memorial.

paragraph: Alexander had Pausanias’ corpse crucified. However, as soon as Alexander had left Macedon, Olympias built a memorial to the slain man.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amyntas (son of Antiochus)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Ancient sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plutarch: "Life" of Alexander

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philip's Assassination", Plutarch

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diodorus Siculus, 16.94

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Modern commentary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Death of Philip: Murder or Assassination?"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alexander The Great", J. R. Hamilton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alexander Of Macedon 356-323 B.C.", Peter Green

description: military (0400-0336)

wikidata_label: Pausanias of Orestis

wikipedia_title: Pausanias of Orestis


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn

text: Benedict XVI

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

categories: 21st-century Roman Catholic priests,American titular bishops,1946 births,Living people

paragraph: Paul Sanchez (bishop)

paragraph: Paul Robert Sanchez, (November 26, 1946) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and currently serves as an auxiliary bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sanchez, a Brooklyn native, is an alumnus of St. Vincent Ferrer Parochial School, Cathedral Preparatory Seminary and Cathedral College. He studied in Saint Bonaventure University, New York, and the Pontifical North American College, Rome. Ordained a Roman Catholic Priest of the Diocese of Brooklyn in 1971, Bishop Sanchez holds the STB and STL from the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome and an MA in Liturgical Studies from the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. He served as parochial vicar of Our Lady of Mercy, Forest Hills, St. Michael, Flushing and St. Sebastian, Woodside.

paragraph: Bishop Sanchez served as pastor of St. Agatha, Brooklyn and Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Astoria. At the time of his appointment as Bishop, Sanchez was serving as the Episcopal Vicar of Queens. Currently, in addition to his duties as auxiliary bishop, he is the pastor of Our Lady, Queen of Martyrs, Forest Hills. Bishop Sanchez has been an adjunct instructor of theology at Saint John's University, Jamaica, NY, and the Seminary of the Immaculate Conception, Huntington, NY.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Auxiliary Bishop of Brooklyn.

paragraph: Sanchez was appointed Titular Bishop of Coeliana and Auxiliary to the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn on May 2, 2012 by Benedict XVI. He was consecrated on July 11, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn Official Site

description: American bishop

wikidata_label: Paul Robert Sanchez

wikipedia_title: Paul Sanchez (bishop)


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Diocese of Providence

text: ordained

text: Titular Bishop

text: Aquae Regiae

text: Diocese of Providence

text: Benedict XVI

text: consecrated

text: bishop

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

text: List of Catholic bishops of the United States

text: Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

text: Official site of the Holy See

categories: 1947 births,Living people,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Catholics from Georgia (U.S. state),American titular bishops,Religious leaders from Rhode Island,People from Moultrie, Georgia,Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence

paragraph: Robert C. Evans

paragraph: Robert Charles Evans, (September 2, 1947) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church serving as auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Providence (2009–present).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Education and ordination.

paragraph: Robert C. Evans was assigned for priestly formation at the Pontifical North American College, Rome, and completed his formation in 1973. He was ordained on July 2, 1973.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Auxiliary Bishop of Providence.

paragraph: Monsignor Evans was appointed Titular Bishop of Aquae Regiae and Auxiliary to the Bishop of the Diocese of Providence on October 15, 2009 by Benedict XVI. He was consecrated a bishop on December 15, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site of the Holy See

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Robert Charles Evans

wikipedia_title: Robert C. Evans


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Benedict XVI

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Catholic-Hierarchy

categories: 21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,1946 births,21st-century Roman Catholic priests,American titular bishops,Living people

paragraph: George Sheltz

paragraph: George Arthur Sheltz, (April 20, 1946) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Churchwho currently serves as an auxiliary bishop for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: George A. Sheltz studied at the University of St. Thomas, graduating in 1971. Sheltz was ordained May 15, 1971.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Auxiliary Bishop of Galveston-Houston.

paragraph: He was appointed Titular Bishop of Hirina and Auxiliary to the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston on February 21, 2012 by Benedict XVI. George Sheltz was consecrated auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston on May 2, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston–Houston Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: George Sheltz

wikipedia_title: George Sheltz


text:
Universitätsmamsellen
Göttingen University
Philippine Engelhard
Caroline Schelling
Therese Huber
Dorothea Schlözer

categories: 19th-century German people,1765 births,1853 deaths,German translators,19th-century German writers,19th-century German women writers,18th-century German people,18th-century German writers,18th-century German women writers

paragraph: Meta Forkel-Liebeskind

paragraph: Meta Forkel-Liebeskind (22 February 1765 – 1853), was a German writer and translator. She was one of the so-called "Universitätsmamsellen", a group of five academically active women during the 18th-and 19th century, daughters of academics on Göttingen University, alongside Philippine Engelhard, Caroline Schelling, Therese Huber, and Dorothea Schlözer.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eckart Kleßmann: Universitätsmamsellen : fünf aufgeklärte Frauen zwischen Rokoko, Revolution und Romantik. Die Andere Bibliothek Bd. 281. Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 2008,

description: German writer and translator

wikidata_label: Meta Forkel-Liebeskind

wikipedia_title: Meta Forkel-Liebeskind


text: School of the Art Institute of Chicago

text: Leonardo

text: Leonardo/ISAST

text: Guggenheim Foundation

text: National Endowment for the Arts

text: Newark, Ohio

text: visual arts

text: Hunter College

text: New York City

text: Columbia University

text: University of Illinois

text: James E. Sheridan

text: Taiwan

text: National Taiwan Normal University

text: United States

text: School of the Art Institute of Chicago

text: photocopier

text: MoMA

text: New York

text: Keith Smith

text: Europe

text: software

text: Spain

text: Nam June Paik

text: Marisa Gonzalez

text: Paloma Navares

text: Marina Abramovic

text: John Cage

text: Madrid

text: contemporary art

text: 20th century

text: computer

text: John Dunn

text: Museo Reina Sofía

text: The Hood Museum of Art

text: Transmediale

text: Jacobo Lillemose

text: School of the Art Institute of Chicago

text: The Hood Museum of Art

text: Hanover, New Hampshire

text: Montreal

text: Diane KirPatrick

categories: National Taiwan Normal University alumni,American women painters,California College of the Arts alumni,Columbia University alumni,San Jose City College alumni,Hunter College alumni,1925 births,School of the Art Institute of Chicago faculty,Living people,People from Newark, Ohio

paragraph: Sonia Landy Sheridan

paragraph: Sonia Landy Sheridan (born April 10, 1925), is an American artist and academic, who in 1970 founded the research program at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. She is honorary editor of "Leonardo", the Journal of the International Society for the Arts Sciences and Technology (Leonardo/ISAST). Sheridan has received awards from numerous institutions, including the Guggenheim Foundation in 1973 for Photography and the National Endowment for the Arts (1974-1975, 1976-1977, 1981-1982).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sonia Landy Sheridan was born on April 10, 1925, in Newark, Ohio. She majored in French and the visual arts at Hunter College in New York City between 1941 and 1945. Between 1946 and 1947, she attended at Columbia University in New York city for an MA in French and Russian and, between 1948 and 1949 she did graduate studies at the University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.

paragraph: In 1957, she moved with her husband, James E. Sheridan, to Taiwan and, during their stay, she attended the National Taiwan Normal University. In 1961, back in the United States, she was an instructor at the California College of Arts and Crafts where she received her MFA in 1960.

paragraph: In the 1960s, she began to teach at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, where she founded in 1970 a new department called , which was a program dedicated to studying, through hands on practice, the evolution of Art Systems triggered by a rapidly changing Technology in Society. She and the students worked with Industry, scientists and other scholars. The earliest investigation of artistic use of new technologies emerging in that period, for example the world's first color photocopier, the 3M Color in Color Machine. In the meantime, she continued with her artwork, and in 1974 she exhibited at the MoMA of New York together with Keith Smith.

paragraph: Her artistic works were shown in many different institutions, the most relevant in 1969 at the exhibition the "Software Show" at the Jewis Museum in New York, where they did a historic catalogue. For the first time in Europe, within the collective exhibition Electra, made in the year 1983, at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. In this exhibition she presented the first image manipulation software for artists, "Lumena artware of TimeArts". Three years later, her work was shown for the first time in Spain, together with other artists such as Nam June Paik, Marisa Gonzalez, Paloma Navares, Marina Abramovic, John Cage... at the inaugural collective exhibitions of the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía of Madrid titled ""Procesos: Cultura y nuevas tecnologías"", which offered a compilation of different artistic approximations by the use of the new means that arose in the contemporary art during the second half of the 20th century, and in which she presented, apart of her work, the graphic computer invented by her student of SAIC, John Dunn, the EASEL software and Time Arts PC computer. With this system, during a month, she made a "workshop" open to all the public at the exhibitions rooms of the Museo Reina Sofía.

paragraph: Sonia Sheridan had her last solo show ""The Art of Sonia Landy Sheridan"" exhibition opening in October, 2009 at The Hood Museum of Art in Dartmouth College, Hanover (New Hampshire).

paragraph: In 2013 at the Festival of Art and Visual Culture in Berlin, "Transmediale", the curator of the exhibition of the festival, Jacobo Lillemose, selected Sonia Sheridan with her solo show ""Exhibition Imaging with Machine Processes"". The Generative Art of Sonia Landy Sheridan as a researcher and pioneer in new media not only in North America but throughout the world, as well as for her teaching at SAIC, the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.

paragraph: Her work forms part of big collections like The National Gallery of Canada (Ottawa, Ontario), Museum of Science & Industry (Chicago, IL, United States), University of Iowa Museum (Iowa City, IA, United States), Visual Studies Workshop (Rochester, NY, United States), Brooklyn Museum (Brooklyn, NY, United States), Intercommunication Center (Tokyo, Japan), and 3M Corporation (Saint-Paul, MN, United States) at "" Dartmouth College (Hanover, NH, United States), this museum acquired 684 artworks produce by Sheridan between the year 1949 y 2002.

paragraph: The Hood Museum of Art (Hanover, New Hampshire), and all the documentation on her long artistic career can be consulted in the "Foundation Daniel Langlois" of Montreal.

paragraph: Her biographer is the Art Historian Diane KirPatrick.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art at the Dawning of the Electronic Era. Generative Systems. (Lonesome Press, Hanover, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Generative Systems in La Fabrica: Marisa Gonzalez. (Foundation Telefónica, Madrid, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Energized Art/Science. (Chicago Museum of Science and Industry and 3M Corporation, St. Paul, 1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist in the Science Lab. (3M Corporation, St. Paul, 1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evolution 2.0. Generative Systems & Generative Art. (ISEA, Liverpool, 1998)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://sonart.org/

description: American Artist and researcher

wikidata_label: Sonia Landy Sheridan

wikipedia_title: Sonia Landy Sheridan


text:
Norwood Park, Illinois
Chicago Public Library
Chicago Public Library
intellectual freedom

categories: 1956 deaths,1870 births,American librarians

paragraph: Carl B. Roden

paragraph: Carl Bismarck Roden (June 7, 1871 – October 25, 1956) was an American librarian and served as chief librarian of the Chicago Public Library from 1918 to 1950. A lifelong resident of Norwood Park, Illinois he began work as a library page in 1886.

paragraph: Under his leadership, the Chicago Public Library system doubled its reach in the community and tripled the number of books they offered. Circulation from branch libraries doubled and the community support for the Public Libraries increased four-fold. During his tenure, Chicago Public Library's Board of Directors authorized the first intellectual freedom policy in an American public Library. The April 1936 action responded to challenges from community members of Russian and Polish descent regarding the collections provided by the Chicago Public Library's Foreign Language Department.

paragraph: Roden served as the President of the American Library Association from 1927 to 1928.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "“Standards for the Public Library Book Collection,”" in "The Library of Tomorrow: A Symposium," ed. Emily M. Danton (Chicago: American Library Association, 1939), 94.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "“The Library as a Censor of Books,”" in "Proceedings of the Illinois Library Association," October 19–21 (Springfield: Illinois Library Association, 1922), 167.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chicago Public Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- intellectual freedom

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: librarian

wikidata_label: Carl B. Roden

wikipedia_title: Carl B. Roden


text:
Dato'
stage name
Royal Albert Hall
Elvis Presley
Claude François
Temerloh
Indonesian army general Soedirman
Sultan Abu Bakar School (SABS), Kuantan
University of Malaya
Radio Televisyen Malaysia
Malacca
Anita Sarawak
Bintang RTM
Muzik-Muzik TV3
Berita Harian Popularity contest
Brunei
Indonesia
National Day
Malaysia Airlines
Honda
Hong Leong Bank
Zainal Abidin
Bangi
Zainuddin Maidin
Chow Kit Road
Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman
The Star
Royal Albert Hall
Leslie Cheung
Anita Sarawak
Kuh Ledesma
Southeast Asian Games
Kallang National Stadium
EMI London
Kylie Minogue
Jason Donovan
Rick Astley
Rising
The Beatles
Abbey Road Studios
Mobil
Ghafar Baba
Kami
Kuala Lumpur
Singer Corporation
Berjaya Group
Butterworth
Penang
Bangsar
Kuala Lumpur
pneumonia
Temerloh
Carol Connors
Kuwait
Simon Napier-Bell
George Michael
Wham!
Anugerah Industri Muzik
Malaysian Book of Records
Mokhtar Dahari
Tun Ghafar Baba
Google Doodle
Anugerah Juara Lagu
TV3
Sultan of Pahang
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
New Straits Times
Sultan of Pahang
Balik Kampung
Teriring Doa
Tanggal 31 Ogos
Tegakkan Bendera Kita
7digital

wikipedia_title:
Malay styles and titles
Stage name
Royal Albert Hall
Elvis Presley
Claude François
Temerloh
Sudirman
Sultan Abu Bakar School (SABS), Kuantan
University of Malaya
Radio Televisyen Malaysia
Malacca City
Anita Sarawak
Radio Televisyen Malaysia
TV3 (Malaysia)
Berita Harian
Brunei
Indonesia
Hari Merdeka
Malaysia Airlines
Honda
Hong Leong Bank
Zainal Abidin
Bangi, Malaysia
Zainuddin Maidin
Chow Kit
Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman
The Star (Malaysia)
Royal Albert Hall
Leslie Cheung
Anita Sarawak
Kuh Ledesma
1989 Southeast Asian Games
National Stadium, Singapore
EMI
Kylie Minogue
Jason Donovan
Rick Astley
Rising (Donovan album)
The Beatles
Abbey Road Studios
Mobil
Ghafar Baba
Kami (1982 film)
Kuala Lumpur
Singer Corporation
Berjaya Corporation
Butterworth, Penang
Penang
Bangsar
Kuala Lumpur
Pneumonia
Temerloh
Carol Connors (singer)
Kuwait
Simon Napier-Bell
George Michael
Wham!
Anugerah Industri Muzik
The Malaysia Book of Records
Mokhtar Dahari
Ghafar Baba
Google Doodle
Anugerah Juara Lagu
TV3 (Malaysia)
Sultan of Pahang
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
New Straits Times
Sultan of Pahang
Balik Kampung
Teriring Doa
Tanggal 31 Ogos
Tegakkan Bendera Kita
7digital

categories: 1992 deaths,1954 births,20th-century Malaysian people,Malaysian rhythm and blues singers,Members of the Order of the Defender of the Realm,University of Malaya alumni,Malaysian Muslims,Malaysian people of Malay descent,20th-century male singers,People from Pahang,Malaysian lawyers,Malaysian male pop singers,Bintang RTM winners,Malaysian world music singers,Malay-language singers,Malaysian pop rock singers,20th-century singers,Companions of the Order of the Defender of the Realm

paragraph: Sudirman (singer)

paragraph: Dato' Sudirman bin Haji Arshad, (25 May 1954 – 22 February 1992), better known by his stage name Sudirman, was a Malaysian singer and songwriter. He had started his career after winning the Bintang RTM on 11 August 1976. Also, he is the title holder of "Asia's No. 1 Performer" on 19 March 1989 as he won the '‘Asian Popular Music Awards'’ competition in Royal Albert Hall in London. He was known as the "Singing Lawyer", the "People's Singer", the "Patriot Singer" and the "Elvis Presley and Claude François of Malaysia". He was also a composer, lawyer, writer (memoir and children books), cartoonist, entrepreneur and actor.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sudirman was born on 25 May 1954 in Temerloh, Pahang as the youngest of seven children born to Arshad Hassan and Ramlah Dahlan: the former had been the manager of the local bus company in their town, whereas the latter worked as a seamstress and as the first stateswoman in Pahang during the 1950s; both of them had been involved in the business of fabrics and clothing. He had been given the name of 'Sudirman' after the Indonesian army general Soedirman by his father, who had hoped that he would grow up to be a brave warrior.

paragraph: His passion for singing and entertaining started at a very young age, when his siblings and neighbours would happily let him entertain them.

paragraph: He completed his secondary education in Sultan Abu Bakar School (SABS), Kuantan. After turning down a scholarship to further his studies in medicine, he studied law instead from the University of Malaya in 1976 and received his degree with third class honours four years later together with Malaysia's former Attorney General Tan Sri Abdul Ghani Patail. He commenced his pupillage in 1982 under Mr Ong Joo Theam of Messrs Abdul Aziz, Ong & Co. He was called to the Bar in 1984 in and commenced practice thereafter, though he left due to lack of interest.

paragraph: It was during his period of studying law that he managed to juggle time between singing and tutorial classes. His big break came when he entered Johan Bintang RTM, a singing competition organised by public broadcaster Radio Televisyen Malaysia held in Malacca in August 1976, where he swooned the audience with his spontaneous sense of humour and melodious singing.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Music.

paragraph: Possessing of a clear piercing tenor with a surprising breadth of range and dynamic control especially at the extreme high end, Sudirman's voice was instantly recognisable every time one of his songs are played in local radio or television. His ability to act through his voice is evident from songs such as "Bercanda di Pasiran Pantai", a Latin-flavoured duet with Anita Sarawak which displayed the sultry quality of his voice. His unique talents had helped him to win many local competitions from Bintang RTM Best Singer (1976) to Muzik-Muzik TV3 Best Performer and Berita Harian Popularity contest Most Popular Artist voted by fans. He topped Malaysian, Brunei and Indonesia charts with songs such as "Merisik Khabar", "Milik Siapakah Gadis Ini" and "Salam Terakhir". Songwriters who have supported him in the past include S. Atan, Manan Ngah, Michael Veerapan and Syed Harun. Even today, his songs are popularly played especially during National Day and Eid-ul-Fitr.

paragraph: Sudirman was also the first Malaysian singer to perform at The Paddock at the Hilton of Kuala Lumpur in 1983 and was the singing ambassador for companies such as Proton, Malaysia Airlines, Honda and honoured pioneer card member with Hong Leong Bank. He was known for his versatility and sang Malay, Indian, Chinese and English songs with outstanding choreography. He was even known for sketching portraits of his fans while singing.

paragraph: Local musicians who have played for him include Alex Boon, Jay Jay (singer guitarist), Hillary Ang, Ricky Omar, Fauzi Marzuki, Michael Veerapan, Mac Chiew and Jenny Chin. Local women who have performed with him as his dancers (whom he refers to as "The Girls") include Joanne (Zainal Abidin's wife), supermodel the late Samantha Schubert and Linda Jasmine Hashim (now one of the leading dancing choreographer cum teacher in Malaysia's reality TV program show "Akademi Fantasia").

paragraph: Some Muslim fundamentalists and leftists detested his concert performances. Some even threatened and distributed warning pamphlets of "something would happen" during his Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Bangi concert to deter people from attending. The concert was postponed following protests from the UKM students union body, its academic staff association and the dean of the Islamic Studies faculty and six other student bodies. This incident was captured by Zainuddin Maidin (then journalist, now former Minister of Information) in his book "The Other Side of Mahathir". He narrated that the then-Prime Minister Mahathir had called a few ministers to his residence to review the situation as the issue reflected Malaysia's position in terms of modernisation. The meeting led to the conclusion that the show had to be allowed to go on. Sudirman's fans turned up in force. He went about pleasing the crowd, crooning his hits. One campus resident said, "At last something alive has come here." The negativity surrounding the UKM incident was not long-lasting. Ironically, a couple of years after Sudirman's death in 1992, UKM held a Sudirman karaoke competition.

paragraph: Sudirman produced an album for his favourite nephew, Razman Azrai, under Sudirman Productions. Also known as Atai, he had a couple of hit songs that topped the charts in 1985. Atai also performed for Malaysia Day in 2014, Chow Kit Road concert 2.0 in 2016 and in SEA Games in 2017.

paragraph: In April 1983, Sudirman sang a song for the late Puan Sri Saloma titled "Mama". When Sudirman approached her shortly before her death, Saloma expressed her disbelief with tears – that someone like Sudirman would still remember and make a song solely for her.

paragraph: On 14 April 1986, Sudirman held an open-air concert on Chow Kit Road, which was the first time ever that a street concert drew a 100,000-strong crowd on a Monday night. It jammed the stretch of Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Raja Muda to Jalan Raja Alang. Tan Sri Zaman Khan the Head of KL police then mentioned 'the crowd was so huge that we were praying at the office that it would be controlled' Several fans fainted in the crowd, a few suffocated and were rushed to the hospital. Fans was seen not only on streets but on top of roofs and trees. A Malaysian English tabloid, The Star, wrote that "Kuala Lumpur came to a standstill and it had nothing to do with the recession, but with one man, Malaysia's top entertainer, an electrifying performance and most memorable night".

paragraph: Sudirman's songs topped the charts with every new album that he released. There was a time when his song "Merisik Khabar" climbed up to the No. 1 position for two months while his second song "Milik Siapa Gadis Ini" from the same album came in second and stayed at the top for a few weeks after "Merisik Khabar".

paragraph: In 1989, Sudirman won the title "Best Performer" at the Asia Music Award 1989 contest at the Royal Albert Hall in London, defeating among other contenders Cantopop legend Leslie Cheung, Anita Sarawak , Japanese singer-songwriter Epo and Filipino pop singer Kuh Ledesma . Judges include Sinitta Renau Malone, mentor in Britain famous TV program, UK X factor and was dating Simon Cowell of American Idol. Other prominent judges include Chairman of BPI British Phonographic Industry Peter Jamieson, Dutch singer C.C. Catch and James Fisher Director of European Collection Body ASCAP

paragraph: He was chosen to solely perform for the closing ceremony of the Southeast Asian Games on the same year and many others such as the opening ceremony of Sepak Takraw competition, Merdeka, New Year and other national functions. In most cases, he would use his own money to ensure a successful concert.

paragraph: Sudirman Arshad also had a strong fanbase in Singapore. His concert there resulted in a large turnout at the Kallang National Stadium in August 1987. People came from all classes, races and ages. Kelvin Tan Look Siew, Director of Singapore Armed Forces Music & Drama company, said, "We wanted to bring down a prominent artist from the region and Sudirman's name automatically cropped up."

paragraph: EMI London took him on to work together with Stock, Aitken & Waterman (British producer trio who took on Kylie Minogue, Jason Donovan and Rick Astley) with a song titled "Love Will Find a Way", released on the album "Rising" by Donovan. Vic Lanza, manager of WHAM (duet of George Michael and Andrew Ridgeley) pronounced Sudirman as the institution of Malaysian Music industry. He was brought to The Beatles famous Abbey Road Studios and recorded the album, but died soon afterwards.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Literatures.

paragraph: Sudirman Arshad wrote his autobiography "Dari Dalam Sudir",comic book "Sejarah Awal Sudirman" in addition to some cartoons and weekly columns for magazines and some local newspapers such as "Karangkraf".

paragraph: One of his books for children titled "Taming Si Budak Pintar" was recognised the best by Mobil-Mabopa, a Mobil Oil book writing competition.

paragraph: Moreover, he was also a journalist and columnist, who wrote on various serious issues. One journalist puts it, "It was quite difficult for us to concentrate on our job. The person sitting across the table during the meeting is a celebrity!" Those he interviewed include Tun Ghafar Baba.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Acting.

paragraph: Besides singing and writing, Sudirman also acted in a film called "Kami", which was released in 1982. It was about two destitute orphans who find each other amidst the Kuala Lumpur street life. One of the film's tracks, "Pelangi Petang" has since been heralded as one of his iconic works.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Television.

paragraph: Aside from hosting various main prime time TV singing programs like Mekar Sejambak, Sudirman also successfully hosted Malaysia's TV prime time gameshow "Keluarga Bahagia Singer". This program was sponsored by Singer Malaysia, a subsidiary of Singer Corporation (before it was taken over by Berjaya Group in 1989).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Charity work.

paragraph: Sudirman was also well known for his charity work in which he helped invite veteran artists in the slots of his singing shows aside from giving them generous donations. Money charity for mosques and people in need such as Yayasan Ozanam was something he would do willingly. During his life, he had also adopted and brought up an Indian boy from a poor family and he would actively seek charity work through the Singers, Musicians and Composers Association of Malaysia (PAPITA).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Business.

paragraph: Sudirman Arshad also became Malaysia's first successful singer-entrepreneur by promoting Malaysia's most famous carbonated drink Sudi, with business magazines and TV programs from Australia to Hong Kong featuring the drinks. Within six months, Sudi broke five per cent of the carbonated drink market in Malaysia. Later, Sudirman opened a franchise of Sudi Shoppe clothing apparel famous for his unique sunglass signature and a Sudi restaurant.

paragraph: He was Malaysia's first singer to be on the cover of "Malaysian Business" and "Asian Business" magazine. He had a business office atop the UBN Shangrila Tower and Sri Hartamas. He also served as Vice-President of PAPITA.

paragraph: Section::::Illness and death.

paragraph: On 17 July 1991, Sudirman was admitted to Pusat Perubatan Tawakkal Kuala Lumpur (ICU) for 4 days. It was reported that he collapsed while singing at Butterworth, Penang. He died at 4 a.m. on 22 February 1992 at the age of 37 in his sister's (Datin Rudiah) house in Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur after suffering from pneumonia for 7 months.

paragraph: Thousands in Asia took part in his funeral procession. His remains were sent to his hometown in Temerloh, Pahang. Later, he was laid to rest at Chengal Muslim Cemetery, Temerloh, near the graves of his parents.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Sudirman Arshad was named 'Malaysia's Singing Ambassador' by the Malaysia Tourism Development Board (MTDC). He was the voice behind the MTDC (Malaysian Tourism Development Corp) tune, "To know Malaysia is to love Malaysia" which was composed by American Emmy, Grammy and Oscar nominated singer and songwriter Carol Connors. He was referred to as the 'Singing Dynamite' by Singaporean journalists. His singing brought him standing ovations in Australia (in Sydney and Melbourne), Japan, Kuwait and the United States (Hawaii). Simon Napier-Bell, the manager for George Michael's band "Wham!", referred to Sudirman Arshad as the 'institution of Malaysian music industry'.

paragraph: Sudirman's work was recognised by the industry when he was posthumously awarded an Anugerah Industri Muzik award and a street (Jalan Sudirman) was named after him in his hometown of Temerloh. PAPITA created an award especially categorised under his name, which to this date has yet to be won by anyone.

paragraph: In the Malaysian Book of Records, Sudirman Arshad was given a posthumous award together with P Ramlee, Mokhtar Dahari, Tun Ghafar Baba and Ramasamy Letchemanah (Mighty Man).

paragraph: On 26 July 2010, The National Choir paid a tribute to the late entertainer by organising a concert in conjunction with the KL Music Festival 2010, with an audience of about 1,000 present.

paragraph: In 2011, his life journey documentary, "Sudirman Arshad" aired on The History Channel (Astro Channel 555) on February 20, 2011. Produced by FINAS and AETN All-Asia Networks. It also reaired on RTM in February 22, 2015.22 Februari 2015.

paragraph: On 2014, Malaysia's 57th independence day's theme is "Disini Lahirnya Sebuah Cinta" (Malay meaning for "Here Is The Birth Of Love") which is the starting line for Sudirman's "Warisan" (Malay meaning for "Legacy")

paragraph: On Nov 3 to 5, 2016 Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre created musical tribute for Sudirman with 3 nights in a row, sold out having sponsors from JTI Malaysia, UEM Group, My Kasih Foundation, Yakult, Ambank and Nationwide Express. Yayasan Sime Darby gave out its first ever fund to create Sudirman Scholarship Fund for young talent.

paragraph: On 25 May 2019, on Arshad’s 65th birthday, he was honored with a Google Doodle.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penghibur TV Terbaik, Anugerah Seri Angkasa, RTM 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Malaysia's Singing Ambassador" MTDC 1985 ("To know Malaysia is to love Malaysia")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Persembahan Terbaik Anugerah Juara Lagu TV3, 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malaysia's Indian Music Award, 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penyanyi Lelaki Popular, Anugerah Bintang Popular Berita Harian 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asia's Number One Performer at the Salem Music Award London, 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malaysia Guinness Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahli Mahkota Pahang by Sultan of Pahang, 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahli Mangku Negara by Yang di-Pertuan Agong 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johan Mangku Negara by Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- No. 1 Malaysian singer (from New Straits Times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Darjah Indera Mahkota Pahang (DIMP), carrying the posthumous title of Dato' by Sultan of Pahang, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Balik Kampung voted as Malaysia's best song ever by readers of the Star Online, 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- song "Disini Lahirnya Sebuah Cinta" chosen for National Independence Day theme (Tema Merdeka Malaysia Ke-57), 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sudirman Scholarship Fund created by Yayasan Sime Darby launched in Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre on Nov 5 2016 with a musical tribute

paragraph: BULLET::::- In South East Asia Games 2017, Sudirman's song balik kampung was performed by his nephew 'Atai' and ' Dato Aznil Hj Nawawi'

paragraph: BULLET::::- University Malaya launched Sudirman exhibition centre in its library in 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sudirman Cafe at EDC Hotel KL launched in 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tun Mahathir on 14 June 2018 eve of eid mentioned Selamat Hari Raya song sang and written by Sudirman as his favourite eid song

paragraph: BULLET::::- 25 May 2019, Google doodles Sudirman on his birth date

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Teriring Doa" 1976 (EP)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aku Penghiburmu" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perasaan" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anak Muda" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lagu Anak Desa" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lagu Dari Kota" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abadi" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lagu Cinta " (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Images " (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Orang Baru" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lagu Dari Sebuah Bilik " (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Orang Kampung" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kul it!" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Asia's No. 1 Performer" (1989)

paragraph: Among his other songs are Tanggal 31 Ogos and Tegakkan Bendera Kita.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nin, Ghafar; Muhamad, Amira, "Detik Terakhir Sudirman", Cita Khidmat (Malaysia), 1992,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sudirman at 7digital

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sudirman Haji Arshad at Pahang Delights

alias:
Sudirman Haji Arshad
Sudirman

description: Malaysian singer and songwriter

wikidata_label: Sudirman Arshad

wikipedia_title: Sudirman (singer)


text: Algeria

text: Association of Algerian Muslim Ulema

text: Zirid

text: Berber

text: Bologhine ibn Ziri

text: Quran

text: Ulema

text: Marabout

text: Biography Of Ben Badis in French

text: Shaykh Ibn Badis

categories: 20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam,Burials in Algeria,People from Constantine, Algeria,1889 births,1940 deaths

paragraph: Abdelhamid Ben Badis

paragraph: Abdelhamid Ben Badis (, "Ben Badis"; December 4, 1889 – April 16, 1940) was an emblematic figure of the Islamic Reform movement in Algeria. In 1931, Ben Badis founded the Association of Algerian Muslim Ulema, which was a national grouping of many Islamic scholars in Algeria from many different and sometimes opposing perspectives and viewpoints. The Association would have later a great influence on Algerian Muslim politics up to the Algerian War of Independence. In the same period, it set up many institutions where thousands of Algerian children of Muslim parents were educated. The Association also published a monthly journal, the Al-Chihab and souheil Ben Badis contributed regularly to it between 1925 and his death in 1940. The journal informed its readers about the Association's ideas and thoughts on religious reform and spoke on other religious and political issues.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Education.

paragraph: Abdelhamid Ben Badis was of an old town middle-class family, which claimed descent from the Zirids, a Berber Muslim dynasty founded in the 10th Century by Bologhine ibn Ziri. Ben Badis grew up in a scholarly and religious household and as a result memorized the Quran at the age of thirteen.

paragraph: He was still very young when he was placed under the tutorship of Hamdan Lounissi. Lounissi had a significant influence on the youth of Ben Badis. Ben Badis never forgot Lounissi's counsel. Lounissi remarked to him "learn knowledge for the sake of knowledge, not for the office." Lounissi was a stalwart defender of the rights of the Muslim inhabitants of Constantine. Lounissi extracted from young Ben Badis a promise to never enter into the service of France (the Colonial power in Algeria).

paragraph: Section::::Pilgrimages and study.

paragraph: Section::::Pilgrimages and study.:At the Zeitouna University.

paragraph: In 1908, Ben Badis, decided to begin his first trip in order to advance his learning. He traveled to Tunis and enrolled at the Zeitouna University, which was, at the time, a great center of learning and knowledge, particularly in the Islamic fields of studies.

paragraph: At the Zeitouna University, Ben Badis horizons widened. He learned a great deal of the Islamic Sciences and Arabic Language. He met many scholars who left an indelible mark on his personality and his knowledge of Islam. The teachings of Sheik Mohammed Al-Nakhli convinced him on the need to purge Muslim communities of deviant or incorrect religious practices such as the cult of saints. Sheik Muhammed Al-Taher Ben Achour influenced Ben Badis in finding his appreciation of the splendor of the Arabic language. With Sheik Al-Bachir Safer, Ben Badis developed an interest in contemporary and past problems of Muslim communities, including finding a response to Western colonialism and dealing with its socioeconomic after-effects.

paragraph: In 1912, he was awarded a degree. He spent another year at the Zeituna University as a teacher.

paragraph: Section::::Pilgrimages and study.:Return to Algeria.

paragraph: In 1913, Ben Badis returned to Algeria and settled in Constantine. He started teaching at the Sidi Qammouch mosque. The teachings were destined for men, women, children, and adults. He gave people education in Islamic sciences, Arabic language, literature, and history. It was at this point that Ben Badis conceived the idea of establishing a Muslim organization of religious scholars and leaders.

paragraph: In 1936, Ben Badis played a role in the founding of the "Algerian Muslim Congress" (CMA). This congress was disbanded the following year in the summer of 1937 and shortly after Ben Badis established and led another organization: the Association of Algerian Muslim Ulema.

paragraph: In addition to working against deviations in the correct practice of Islam, Ben Badis and his fellow members of the Association strove to save the Algerian culture from being eclipsed by French values and morals. Ben Badis and other Islamic scholars resisted the suppression of Algerian patriots; working as a journalist during those years he regularly denounced fascist propaganda and anti-Semitic intrigues of the French occupiers.

paragraph: Ben Badis was one of the most prominent Algerian Islamic scholars. With the aid of his contemporaries and associates he criticized Maraboutic practices and had a great influence in the creation of an Islamic conservative subsection of Algerian society.

paragraph: On April 16, 1940, Ben Badis died in his birthplace of Constantine. He was buried in the presence of 20,000 people and his funeral took the aspect of a gigantic humanistic demonstration; anti-colonialist and democratic; the very principles he practiced throughout his life

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography Of Ben Badis in French

paragraph: BULLET::::- Council on Foreign Relations; Islamism in Algeria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaykh Ibn Badis

description: Muslim scholar

wikidata_label: Abdelhamid Ben Badis

wikipedia_title: Abdelhamid Ben Badis


text: mummy

text: North America

text: Fallon, Nevada

text: guano

text: tule

text: Nevada State Museum’s

text: Carson City

text: Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge

text: University of California, Riverside

text: mass spectrometry

text: Bureau of Land Management

text: Eske Willerslev

text: Paleoamericans

text: Pyramid Lake

text: Lovelock Cave

text: Grimes Point

categories: Human remains (archaeological),Mummies,Churchill County, Nevada

paragraph: Spirit Cave mummy

paragraph: The Spirit Cave mummy is the oldest human mummy found in North America. It was discovered in 1940 in Spirit Cave, east of Fallon, Nevada by the husband-and-wife archaeological team of Sydney and Georgia Wheeler.

paragraph: Section::::Discovery.

paragraph: The Wheelers, working for the Nevada State Parks Commission, were surveying possible archaeological sites to prevent their loss due to guano mining. Upon entering Spirit Cave they discovered the remains of two people wrapped in tule matting. One set of remains, buried deeper than the other, had been partially mummified (the head and right shoulder). The Wheelers, with the assistance of local residents, recovered a total of sixty-seven artifacts from the cave.

paragraph: These artifacts were examined at the Nevada State Museum where they were initially estimated to be between 1,500 and 2,000 years old. They were deposited at the Nevada State Museum’s storage facility in Carson City where they remained for the next fifty-four years.

paragraph: Section::::Discovery.:Spirit Cave.

paragraph: Spirit Cave is at an elevation of 4,154 feet in the foothills of the Stillwater Mountains; the Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge is now established in this area. The location is to the northeast of Fallon, Nevada.

paragraph: Section::::Dating.

paragraph: In 1996 University of California, Riverside anthropologist R. Ervi Taylor examined seventeen of the Spirit Cave artifacts using mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the mummy was approximately 9,400 years old (uncalibrated Radio-Carbon Years Before-Present (RCYBP); ~11.5 Kya calibrated) — older than any previously known North American mummy.

paragraph: The findings were published in the "Nevada Historical Quarterly" in 1997 and drew immediate national attention.

paragraph: In March 1997, the Paiute-Shoshone Tribe of the Fallon Reservation and Colony

paragraph: made a Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) claim of cultural affiliation with the artifacts.

paragraph: In 2000, further study was unable to establish a definitive affiliation of the remains.

paragraph: In September, 2006, the United States District Court for the District of Nevada ruled on a lawsuit by the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe and said that the Bureau of Land Management made an error in dismissing evidence without a full explanation. The court order remanded the matter back to the BLM for reconsideration of the evidence.

paragraph: In October 2015, Eske Willerslev collected bone and tooth samples from the remains with the permission of the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe. DNA analysis indicated that the remains were similar to North and South American indigenous groups. On November 22, 2016, the remains were repatriated to the tribe.

paragraph: Willerslev attended the 2018 burial of the remains by the tribe.

paragraph: In November 2018, researchers reported that the DNA sequencing of the remains were used in research about Paleoamericans.

paragraph: Section::::Wizards Beach Man.

paragraph: Wizards Beach Man's remains were also in the collection of the Nevada State Museum, and were radiocarbon dated at the same time. This turned out to be another early Holocene skeleton dating to almost exactly the same era.

paragraph: Wizards Beach Man was found in 1978 at Wizards Beach on Pyramid Lake, about 100 miles (160 km) to the northeast from Spirit Cave. Radiocarbon dating has established that he lived more than 9,200 years ago.

paragraph: Lovelock Cave, another important early site, is also nearby.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grimes Point

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spirit Cave Man series from the Reno Gazette-Journal Offline as of 2010-April-18.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spirit Cave Man Court Documents from Friends of the Past

description: human mummy found in Nevada

wikidata_label: Spirit Cave mummy

wikipedia_title: Spirit Cave mummy


text:
Italian
Tuscany
Casentino
Giorgio Vasari
Landini
Arezzo
Master of St Cecilia
John the Baptist
Saint Zenobius
Saint Reparata
Saint Luke
Bernardo Daddi
Giotto
Taddeo Gaddi
Sienese School
Pietro Lorenzetti
Ambrogio

categories: Italian male painters,1380 deaths,People from Tuscany,Trecento painters,Gothic painters,14th-century Italian painters,1330 births,Tuscan painters

paragraph: Jacopo del Casentino

paragraph: Jacopo del Casentino (c. 1297 – 1358) was an Italian painter, active mainly in Tuscany in the first half of the 14th century.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Very little is known about this artist other than that he likely came from Casentino. Giorgio Vasari incorrectly identified him as a member of the Landini family and that is the reason why in the past he was referred to as Jacopo Landino. Vasari also incorrectly placed his origins in Arezzo.

paragraph: It is likely he received his training in Florence in the milieu of the Master of St Cecilia. His career appears to have been confined to the first half of the 14th century. He was one of the founders of the "Compagnia di S Luca" (Company of Painters), which was under the patronage of the Virgin and Saints John the Baptist, Saint Zenobius, Saint Reparata, and Saint Luke and was elected in 1339 its first "consigliere".

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Casentino specialized in small devotional altars commissioned for private worship. Casentino popularized these altars throughout Italy along with artists such as Bernardo Daddi (1280 – 1348) . His work shows the influence of Giotto (1267 – 1337), with whom Daddi apprenticed. Casentino may have spent time in Giotto's workshop and have been a pupil of another Giotto follower, Taddeo Gaddi (1300 – 1366).

paragraph: Casentino also showed an influence from the Sienese School of painting. The later Gothic style Casentino painted in was also influenced by the Sienese painters Pietro Lorenzetti (1280 – 1348) and his brother Ambrogio (1290 – 1348).

alias:
Landini
cdel Casentino Jacopo
Jacopo dal Casentino
Jacopo Dal Casentino
Jacopo di Casentino
Jacopo Del Casentino

description: Italian early renaissance painter

wikidata_label: Jacopo del Casentino

wikipedia_title: Jacopo del Casentino


text: American

text: ice hockey

text: gold medal

text: 1998 Winter Olympics

text: silver medal

text: 2002 Winter Olympics

text: Winnetka, Illinois

text: Dartmouth College

text: neurobiology

text: Stanford Graduate School of Business

text: bio

text: Hockeygoalies.org

categories: Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics,Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics,1976 births,Sportspeople from New York City,Living people,Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey players,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in ice hockey,Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics,Ice hockey people from New York (state),Olympic gold medalists for the United States in ice hockey,Female ice hockey goaltenders,Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics,American women's ice hockey players,People from Winnetka, Illinois

paragraph: Sarah Tueting

paragraph: Sarah Kirsten Tueting (born April 26, 1976) is an American ice hockey player.

paragraph: Tueting played goalie for the United States women's national ice hockey team. She won a gold medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics, and a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Tueting grew up in Winnetka, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago, and attended Greeley Elementary School. She graduated from Dartmouth College in 1998 with a degree in neurobiology, and from the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 2005 with a MBA. After graduating, Tueting worked at Medtronic before founding Summit Venture Coaching.

paragraph: Tueting is married to Dan Lemaitre and lives in Utah.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hockeygoalies.org

description: American ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Sarah Tueting

wikipedia_title: Sarah Tueting


text:
Bishop of Bristol
Hereford
battle of Naseby
High Treason
Trusley
Kirkby-in-Ashfield
Sir John Coke
St John's College, Cambridge
BA
MA
fellow
Pembroke College
rhetoric
Taxor
deacon
Bishop of Ely
rector
Bygrave
prebend
Finsbury
canons
St Paul's Cathedral
Doctor of Divinity
Bishop of Bristol
Maiden Newton
advowson
translated
Hereford
Archbishop of Canterbury
William Laud
Precentor
Hereford Cathedral
Herefordshire
Henry, 5th Earl of Worcester
House of Commons
House of Lords
parliamentary forces
Colonel John Birch
Giles Mompesson
Gloucester
Tower
high treason
Restoration
John Walker
sequestred
Quedgeley
Eardisley
Eardisley
cenotaph
Hereford Cathedral

categories: 1570 births,16th-century English bishops,Fellows of Pembroke College, Cambridge,Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge,1646 deaths,Bishops of Bristol,People from Longford, Derbyshire,17th-century Anglican bishops,Bishops of Hereford,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: George Coke

paragraph: George Coke (or Cooke) (3 October 1570 – 10 December 1646) was successively the Bishop of Bristol and Hereford. After the battle of Naseby in 1645, Hereford was taken and Coke was arrested and taken to London. He avoided charges of High Treason in January 1646 and died in Gloucestershire that year.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Coke was the son of Richard and Mary Coke of Trusley, Derbyshire. His mother was the heiress of Thomas Sacheverell of Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, and his brother was to become Sir John Coke, Secretary of State.

paragraph: Coke was educated at St John's College, Cambridge. He took his BA in 1593 and proceeded MA 1596. He then obtained a fellowship at Pembroke College in 1597, became a lecturer in rhetoric in 1602 and in 1605 he was Junior Taxor of the university. He was ordained both deacon and priest on 30 November 1602 by the Bishop of Ely. In 1608 he became the rector of Bygrave in Hertfordshire, which was then described as "a lean village (consisting of but three houses) maketh a fat living", as it provided a considerable income of almost £300 a year. Coke resigned his fellowship in late 1609, and by 9 January 1610 he had married Jane Heigham, and they had five sons: Richard, John and William all entered the church and had associations with Herefordshire. Their fourth son, Thomas, died young, while the last, Robert, was "killed in action in Newport".

paragraph: Following his brother's elevation to high office in 1625, Coke was collated to the prebend of Finsbury on 19 January 1626, making him one of the canons of St Paul's Cathedral, and he was made a Doctor of Divinity in 1630. On 10 February 1633, Coke was consecrated Bishop of Bristol. In June 1635 he was instituted as rector of Maiden Newton, Dorset, to which he was presented by Martin White and Sir John Windham despite the opposition of Sir John Strangeways who believed the advowson was his. In July 1636 he was translated to Hereford, resigning Bygrave and his prebendary. The appointments to both Bristol and Hereford seem to have had the support of the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, but during Coke's time at Hereford, he was rebuked by Laud after Coke had appointed one of his own son's as Precentor of Hereford Cathedral. The son had been apprenticed but ran away to sea, seeing a severe storm as a sign from God, he then sought ordination from his father. Laud believed the son to have insufficient learning for a cathedral post. Coke replaced his own son with his nephew, Francis, son of Coke's eldest brother, Sir Francis. Coke bought the estate of Lower Moor in Herefordshire from Henry, 5th Earl of Worcester. This house was to remain in the Coke family until the 1930s.

paragraph: Section::::Civil war.

paragraph: During the civil war he was one of the protesting bishops, and was imprisoned on that account. On 30 December 1641 he was impeached by the House of Commons together with eleven other bishops to weaken the Royalist party in the House of Lords. Coke retired to Hereford, and was there in 1643 when it was first captured by parliamentary forces, but the articles of surrender protected his position.

paragraph: After Naseby, the city was captured for the second time, the forces this time led by Colonel John Birch. Birch and Colonel Morgan took a number of people captive on 8 December 1645, including Coke, Judge Jenkins, Sir Henry Bedingfield, Sir Walter Blunt, Sir Henry Miller, Sir Marmaduke and Sir Francis Lloyd, Giles Mompesson, Sir Nicholas Throgmorton, and others who were initially taken to Gloucester. On 3 January 1646, Coke and others were ordered to London by the Commons and many were sent to the Tower on the 22nd to answer charges of high treason. Birch rifled the bishop's palace and afterwards took up his habitation there until the Restoration. Moreover, he had a great part of the revenues of the diocese to his own use, and John Walker complained in 1714 that "to this day, the manor of Whitborn, by the sorry compliance of some who might have prevented it, continues in his family". Coke's estate of Queest Moor was sequestred on 13 August 1646, and despite his always frugal habits, he was forced to rely on the charity of other family members. Bishop Coke died on 10 December 1646, at either Quedgeley, Gloucestershire, or Eardisley and was buried in Eardisley parish church. After the Restoration of 1660, a handsome cenotaph was erected to his memory in Hereford Cathedral, which was much altered in the 19th century.

description: British bishop

wikidata_label: George Coke

wikipedia_title: George Coke


text: Juvisy-sur-Orge

text: Marseilles

text: opera

text: conductor

text: composer

text: pedagogue

text: Conservatoire de Paris

text: counterpoint

text: Marcel Samuel-Rousseau

text: Jean

text: Noël Gallon

text: Isidor Philipp

text: Armand Ferté

text: Yves Nat

text: Opéra-Comique

text: Opéra de Paris

text: Poulenc

text: Dialogues des Carmélites

text: Concerts Colonne

text: École Normale de Musique de Paris

text: Légion d'honneur

text: Ordre national du Mérite

categories: 1992 deaths,French conductors (music),20th-century conductors (music),Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres,Officiers of the Légion d'honneur,20th-century French musicians,Pupils of Isidor Philipp,Knights of the National Order of Merit (France),Conservatoire de Paris alumni,1917 births,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,People from Juvisy-sur-Orge,Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal faculty,Academics of the École Normale de Musique de Paris,20th-century male musicians,French male conductors (music)

paragraph: Pierre Dervaux

paragraph: Pierre Dervaux (born 3 January 1917 in Juvisy-sur-Orge, France; died 20 February 1992 in Marseilles, France) was a French operatic conductor, composer, and pedagogue. At the Conservatoire de Paris, he studied counterpoint and harmony with Marcel Samuel-Rousseau and Jean and Noël Gallon, as well as piano with Isidor Philipp, Armand Ferté, and Yves Nat. He also served as principal conductor of the Opéra-Comique (1947–53), and the Opéra de Paris (1956–72). In this capacity he directed the French première of Poulenc’s "Dialogues des Carmélites". He was also Vice-President of the Concerts Pasdeloup (1949–55), President and Chief conductor of the Concerts Colonne (1958–92), Musical Director of the Orchestre des Pays de Loire (1971–79) as well as holding similar posts at the Quebec Symphony Orchestra (1968–75), where he collaborated with concertmaster Hidetaro Suzuki, and the Nice Philharmonic (1979–82).

paragraph: He taught at the École Normale de Musique de Paris (1964–86), the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal (1965–72) and was also president of the jury of the international conducting competition in Besançon.

paragraph: Dervaux composed two symphonies, two concertos, a string quartet, a trio and several songs.

paragraph: In addition to the Légion d'honneur, Dervaux also received the Ordre national du Mérite.

paragraph: His recordings include: "L'Enfance du Christ" (Berlioz) in 1959, "Les pêcheurs de perles" (Bizet) in 1961, and "Istar", "Wallenstein" and "La Forêt enchantée" (d'Indy) in 1975.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.answers.com/topic/pierre-dervaux-classical-musician?cat=entertainment

wikidata_label: Pierre Dervaux

wikipedia_title: Pierre Dervaux


text: Puritan

text: Colony of Connecticut

text: suffrage

text: Connecticut

text: Cambridge, Massachusetts

text: Hartford

text: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

text: Leicestershire

text: Marefield

text: Markfield

text: Birstall

text: Dixie Grammar School

text: Market Bosworth

text: Devon

text: Richard Hooker

text: Queens' College, Cambridge

text: sizar

text: Emmanuel College

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: Master of Arts

text: fellow

text: St George's Church

text: Esher

text: Amersham

text: lecturer

text: Chelmsford

text: Chelmsford Cathedral

text: Archbishop William Laud

text: Little Baddow

text: Court of High Commission

text: Rotterdam

text: Netherlands

text: English Reformed Church, Amsterdam

text: John Paget

text: Massachusetts Bay Colony

text: Griffin

text: Boston

text: Cambridge

text: freemen

text: John Cotton

text: suffrage

text: Samuel Stone

text: Hertford

text: Connecticut Colony

text: First Church of Hartford

text: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

text: John Fiske

text: Chelmsford Cathedral

text: Essex

text: blue plaque

text: Ancient Burying Ground

text: synod

text: Congregationalism

text: preparationism

text: means of grace

text: Free Grace theology

text: moralist

text: Harvard College

text: Farmington, Connecticut

text: Cotton Mather

text: Magnalia Christi Americana

text: William Leete

text: Guilford, Connecticut

text: James Pierpont

text: Jonathan Edwards

text: Henry Hooker

text: John Hooker

text: Arthur Atterbury

text: Charles Atterbury

text: Mary Hooker Pierpont

text: William Howard Taft

text: Timothy Dwight V

text: Aaron Burr

text: William Gillette

text: William Huntington Russell

text: Edward H. Gillette

text: George Catlin

text: Emma Willard

text: J.P. Morgan

text: Joshua Leavitt

text: Roger Hooker Leavitt

text: Hart Leavitt

text: Frank Nelson Doubleday

text: John Turner Sargent

text: Nathan Watson

text: Who was Thomas Hooker?

text: Iain Murray

categories: Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies,Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge,American Calvinist and Reformed ministers,Fellows of Emmanuel College, Cambridge,Founders of Hartford, Connecticut,People of colonial Massachusetts,1586 births,17th-century New England Puritan ministers,Settlers of Connecticut,People of colonial Connecticut,1647 deaths,People from Harborough District

paragraph: Thomas Hooker

paragraph: Thomas Hooker (July 5, 1586 – July 7, 1647) was a prominent Puritan colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. He was known as an outstanding speaker and an advocate of universal Christian suffrage.

paragraph: Called today "the Father of Connecticut", Rev. Thomas Hooker was a towering figure in the early development of colonial New England. He was one of the great preachers of his time, an erudite writer on Christian subjects, the first minister of Cambridge, Massachusetts, one of the first settlers and founders of both the city of Hartford and the state of Connecticut, and cited by many as the inspiration for the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut", which some have called the world's first written democratic constitution establishing a representative government.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Thomas Hooker was likely born in Leicestershire at "Marfield" (Marefield or possibly Markfield) or Birstall. He went to Dixie Grammar School at Market Bosworth. Family genealogist Edward Hooker linked Thomas Hooker to the Hooker family in Devon which produced the theologian and clergyman Richard Hooker. Other Hooker genealogists, however, have traced Thomas Hooker to Leicestershire. Positive evidence linking Thomas to Leicestershire is lacking since the Marefield parish records from before 1610 perished. Any link to the Rev. Richard is likewise lacking since the Rev. Thomas's personal papers were disposed of and his house destroyed after his death.

paragraph: In March 1604, he entered Queens' College, Cambridge as a sizar but migrated to Emmanuel College. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1608 and his Master of Arts in 1611. In 1609 he was elected to a Dixie fellowship at Emmanuel.

paragraph: Hooker was appointed to St George's Church, Esher, Surrey in 1620, where he earned a reputation as an excellent speaker and became noted for his pastoral care of Mrs. Joan Drake, the wife of the patron. She was a depressive whose stages of spiritual regeneration became a model for his later theological thinking. While associated with the Drake household, he married Susannah Garbrand, Mrs. Drake's woman-in-waiting (April 3, 1621) in Amersham, Mrs. Drake's birthplace.

paragraph: Around 1626, Hooker became a lecturer or preacher at what was then St. Mary's parish church, Chelmsford (now Chelmsford Cathedral) and curate to its rector, John Michaelson. However, in 1629 Archbishop William Laud suppressed church lecturers, and Hooker retired to Little Baddow where he kept a school. His leadership of Puritan sympathizers brought him a summons to the Court of High Commission. Forfeiting his bond, Hooker fled to Rotterdam in the Netherlands, and considered a position in the English Reformed Church, Amsterdam, as assistant to its senior pastor, the Rev. John Paget. From the Netherlands, after a clandestine trip to England to put his affairs in order, he immigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony aboard the "Griffin".

paragraph: Hooker arrived in Boston and settled in Newtown (later renamed Cambridge), where he became the pastor of the earliest established church there, known to its members as "The Church of Christ at Cambridge." His congregation, some of whom may have been members of congregations he had served in England, became known as "Mr. Hooker's Company".

paragraph: Voting in Massachusetts was limited to freemen, individuals who had been formally admitted to their church after a detailed interrogation of their religious views and experiences. Hooker disagreed with this limitation of suffrage, putting him at odds with the influential pastor John Cotton. Owing to his conflict with Cotton and discontented with the suppression of Puritan suffrage and at odds with the colony leadership, Hooker and the Rev. Samuel Stone led a group of about 100 who, in 1636, founded the settlement of Hartford, named for Stone's place of birth, Hertford in England.

paragraph: This led to the founding of the Connecticut Colony. Hooker became more active in politics in Connecticut. The General Court representing Wethersfield, Windsor and Hartford met at the end of May 1638 to frame a written constitution in order to establish a government for the commonwealth. Hooker preached the opening sermon at First Church of Hartford on May 31, declaring that "the foundation of authority is laid in the free consent of the people."

paragraph: On January 14, 1639, freemen from these three settlements ratified the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut" in what John Fiske called "the first written constitution known to history that created a government. It marked the beginnings of American democracy, of which Thomas Hooker deserves more than any other man to be called the father. The government of the United States today is in lineal descent more nearly related to that of Connecticut than to that of any of the other thirteen colonies."

paragraph: In recognition of this, near Chelmsford Cathedral, Essex, England, where he was town lecturer and curate, there is a blue plaque fixed high on the wall of a narrow alleyway, opposite the south porch, that reads: "Thomas Hooker, 1586–1647, Curate at St. Mary's Church and Chelmsford Town Lecturer 1626–29. Founder of the State of Connecticut, Father of American Democracy."

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: The Rev. Hooker died during an "epidemical sickness" in 1647, at the age of 61. The location of his grave is unknown, although he is believed to be buried in Hartford's Ancient Burying Ground where there is a crypt right now, there also is a plaque on the back of the church as well. Because there was no known portrait of him, the statue of him that stands nearby, in front of Hartford's Old State House, was sculpted from the likenesses of his descendants.

paragraph: However, the city is not without a sense of humor regarding its origins. Each year in October, organizations and citizens of Hartford dress up in outrageous costumes to celebrate Hooker Day with the Hooker Day Parade. T-shirts sold in the Old State House proclaim "Hartford was founded by a Hooker."

paragraph: Section::::Views.

paragraph: Thomas Hooker strongly advocated extended suffrage to include Puritan worshippers, a view which would lead him and his followers to colonize Connecticut. He also promoted the concept of a government that must answer to the people, stating: "[T]hey who have the power to appoint officers and magistrates, it is in their power, also, to set the bounds and limitations of the power and place unto which they call them" through "the privilege of election, which belongs to the people according to the blessed will and law of God". Thomas Hooker argued for greater religious tolerance towards all Christian denominations.

paragraph: Hooker defended the calling of synods by magistrates, and attended a convention of ministers in Boston whose purpose was to defend Congregationalism. Hooker later published "A Survey of the Summed of Church-Discipline" in defense of Congregationalism, and applied its principles to politics and government.

paragraph: Thomas Hooker was a prominent proponent of the doctrine of preparationism, which taught that by making use of the means of grace, a "person seeking conversion might dispose himself toward receiving God's grace." He believed that much of God's favor needed to be re-earned by men. To Hooker, sin was the most crafty of enemies, defeating grace on most occasions. He disagreed with many of the predecessor theologies of Free Grace theology, preferring a more muted view on the subject. He focused on preparation for heaven and following the moralist character.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Thomas Hooker came to the colonies with his second wife, Suzanne. Nothing is known of his first wife.

paragraph: His son Samuel, likely born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, graduated from Harvard College in 1653. He became minister of Farmington, Connecticut, where his descendants lived for many generations. Of Rev. Samuel Hooker, Cotton Mather wrote in "Magnalia Christi Americana": "Thus we have to this day among us our dead Hooker, yet living in his worthy son Samuel Hooker, an able, faithful, useful minister at Farmington, in the Colony of Connecticut."

paragraph: His daughter Mary married Rev. Roger Newton who was a founder and first minister of Farmington, Connecticut. He later went on to be minister in Milford, Connecticut.

paragraph: John Hooker, son of Rev. Samuel and grandson of Rev. Thomas, served as Speaker of the Connecticut Assembly, and previously as Judge of the state supreme court. James Hooker, brother of John and son of Rev. Samuel, also became a prominent political figure in Connecticut. He married the daughter of William Leete of Guilford, Connecticut, and subsequently settled there. James Hooker served as the first probate judge, and later as speaker of the Connecticut colonial assembly. Rev. Thomas's granddaughter Mary Hooker, the daughter of Rev. Samuel, married the Rev. James Pierpont. Their daughter Sarah Pierpont married the Rev. Jonathan Edwards.

paragraph: Other descendants of Thomas Hooker include Henry Hooker, John Hooker, Arthur Atterbury, Charles Atterbury Mary Hooker Pierpont, William Howard Taft, Timothy Dwight V, Aaron Burr, William Gillette, William Huntington Russell, Edward H. Gillette, George Catlin, Emma Willard, J.P. Morgan, Rev. Joshua Leavitt, Roger Hooker Leavitt, Hart Leavitt, Frank Nelson Doubleday, John Turner Sargent, Thom Miller, Adonijah Rockwell and Nathan Watson. On May 16, 1890, descendants of Thomas Hooker held their first reunion at Hartford, Connecticut.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tipson, Baird. "Hartford Puritanism: Thomas Hooker, Samuel Stone, and Their Terrifying God" (Oxford University Press, 2015) xviii, 476 pp.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Who was Thomas Hooker? at Thomas Hooker School History

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Hooker And The Doctrine Of Conversion by Iain Murray

description: Puritan minister

wikidata_label: Thomas Hooker

wikipedia_title: Thomas Hooker


text: British

text: jurist

text: Advocate General

text: City of London School

text: Christ Church, Oxford

text: Mods and Greats

text: Nuffield College, Oxford

text: Fountain Court Chambers

text: European Commission of Human Rights

text: European Law

text: University of London

text: King's College London School of Law

text: College of Europe

text: Privy Councillor

text: European Law Institute

text: Michael Gordon Clark

text: Marschall v Land Nordrhein Westfalen

categories: People educated at the City of London School,Academics of King's College London,Advocates General of the European Court of Justice,Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George,English Queen's Counsel,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,College of Europe faculty,Alumni of Nuffield College, Oxford,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,British officials of the European Union,Fellows of King's College London,1939 births,Living people

paragraph: Francis Jacobs

paragraph: Sir Francis Geoffrey Jacobs (born 8 June 1939), is a British jurist who served as Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Communities from October 1988 to January 2006. He was educated at the City of London School, Christ Church, Oxford, where he read Mods and Greats, and Nuffield College, Oxford. He practised as a barrister from Fountain Court Chambers in London. Jacobs has served as an official with the Secretariat of the European Commission of Human Rights, Professor of European Law at the University of London and Director of the Centre of European Law for King's College London School of Law. He is visiting professor at the College of Europe. He was appointed a Privy Councillor in December 2005.

paragraph: On 4 December 2007, Jacobs was elected President of Missing Children Europe, the European Federation for Missing and Sexually Exploited Children.

paragraph: He was President of the European Law Institute from 2011-2013.

paragraph: He married in 1975 (as his second wife) Susan Cox, granddaughter of Michael Gordon Clark; they have three daughters and one son. He has one son by an earlier marriage.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of members of the European Court of Justice

paragraph: Section::::List of cases.

paragraph: Case C-251/95 Sabel BV v Puma AG, Rudolf Dassler Sport

paragraph: BULLET::::- Case C-412/93 "Leclerc-Siplec" [1995] ECR I-00179

paragraph: BULLET::::- Case C-34-36/95 "De Agostini" [1997] ECR-I 3843

paragraph: BULLET::::- Case C-409/95 "Marschall v Land Nordrhein Westfalen" [1997] ECR I-06363

paragraph: BULLET::::- Case C-405/98 "Gourmet International" [2001] ECR-I 1795

description: British lawyer

wikidata_label: Francis Jacobs

wikipedia_title: Francis Jacobs


href: France mathematician architect Avignon Roussillon United%20Kingdom Seven%20Years%27%20War Gibraltar Mohammed%20ben%20Abdallah Alaouite Mogador Essaouira Christians Larache%20expedition St%20Malo Medina%20quarter kasbah medina

text:
French
mathematician
architect
Avignon
Roussillon
English Crown
Seven Years' War
Gibraltar
Sidi Mohamed ben Abdallah
Alaouite
Mogador
Essaouira
Christian
Larache expedition
St Malo
Medina quarter
kasbah
medina

categories: French people of the Seven Years' War,18th-century French mathematicians,18th-century deaths,18th-century births,18th century in Morocco,French military engineers

paragraph: Théodore Cornut

paragraph: Théodore Cornut, also Cornout, was a French mathematician and military architect of the 18th century, born in Avignon, who worked for the King of Morocco.

paragraph: Cornut initially worked as an architect for military fortifications in Roussillon. He then entered the service of the English Crown, and participated to the Seven Years' War. Later, based in Gibraltar, he was invited by Sidi Mohamed ben Abdallah, an Alaouite Sultan, to build the city of Mogador (modern Essaouira) in 1766.

paragraph: Cornut was to use the services of hundreds of French Christian prisoners, who had been taken during a failed assault in 1765 Larache expedition.

paragraph: He designed the city of Essaouira, and built it with the help of the prisoners. He built the surrounding walls similar to those of St Malo, and organized the streets of the Medina quarter according to a grid system.

paragraph: Cornut only designed and built the Royal quarters, or kasbah area, of the current city. The rest of the medina was built afterwards, as were the sqalas, such as the harbour fortifications and the northern sqala fortifications.

paragraph: Overwhelmed by the amount of work involved in the construction of Essaouira, Cornut left his position after a year. He returned to France, where he drew his map of Essaouira with the planned constructions envisionned for the Sultan.

description: French mathematician

wikidata_label: Théodore Cornut

wikipedia_title: Théodore Cornut


text:
The Bronx
New York City
Irish
Dublin
Sixmilecross
County Tyrone
toddler
Clondalkin
busking
Karl and David Odlum
Glen Hansard
Warner-Chappell
Glastonbury Festival
England
CMJ
New York
Bosnia
War Child
Victoria
Australia
The Waterboys
Groningen
Netherlands
2003 Meteor Awards
Glen Hansard
Damien Rice
O
Lisa Hannigan
Sea Sew
Rónán Ó Snodaigh
The dream I haven't shown her
Skylarkin'
Mic Christopher's official site
Mic Christopher

categories: People from the Bronx,American people of Irish descent,1969 births,American buskers,2001 deaths,Accidental deaths in the Netherlands,Irish buskers,Musicians from New York City,Musicians from Dublin (city)

paragraph: Mic Christopher

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Michael Christopher was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Irish parents Harry Christopher from Dublin and Vaun Heaney from Sixmilecross, County Tyrone. They moved back to Dublin in 1972 when Michael was still a toddler. He later attended Coláiste Chilliain in Clondalkin. He started playing traditional Irish music with school groups until he was about fifteen years old when he started busking. Busking in Dublin over the next five years, Christopher made friends with many of the musicians on the Dublin circuit, including brothers Karl and David Odlum, Glen Hansard and others.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: In 1990 Christopher formed the band The Mary Janes with former Kila bass player and fellow busker Karl Odlum, and added Simon Good on guitar and Steven Hogan on drums. The band's lineup evolved over the next nine years, becoming a three piece without drums when Hogan left the group. It was the three-piece version that recorded the band's first album, "Bored Of Their Laughing." In 1994, the Mary Janes signed a publishing deal with Warner-Chappell. In 1996 the band acquired the drumming talents of Australian Mark Stanley, with this lineup recording their second album, "Sham", in 1998. Over the years The Mary Janes played everywhere from the Feile and the Fleadh music festivals in Ireland, to Glastonbury Festival in England, to the CMJ in New York. The band also performed a six-week stint in Bosnia with the War Child charity organization. The Mary Janes split in 1999 and Christopher embarked on a three-month solo tour of Victoria, Australia. In 2001, having recovered from a bad motorbike accident, Christopher released his solo "Heyday" EP and announced that he would be supporting The Waterboys on their next tour.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Christoper's 2001 tour with The Waterboys performed in Groningen, Netherlands, on 18 November 2001. That night, after he had played his set supporting The Waterboys, Christopher was found unconscious, having apparently struck his head on some steps during an accidental fall. On arrival at a local hospital, he was found to have lapsed into a coma as a result of severe swelling to the brain. He never regained consciousness and died on 29 November 2001, aged 32.

paragraph: Section::::"Skylarkin"'.

paragraph: Christopher had been working on a solo album entitled "Skylarkin'" prior to his death. The album was incomplete but Christopher had made notes as to how the recordings could be improved. During November 2002, work from many of his friends and family resulted in the posthumous release of Christopher's first and only solo album. "Skylarkin"' later won Best Album at the 2003 Meteor Awards. His family were present to collect the award on his behalf.

paragraph: Section::::Dedications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Since Christopher's death, Glen Hansard of The Frames has dedicated each of that band's albums to him. They also dedicate their cover version of his hit "Heyday" to him when played live.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Damien Rice dedicated his album "O", released eight weeks after Christopher's death, to his departed friend.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lisa Hannigan dedicated the song "Splishy Splashy" to him on her debut album "Sea Sew" (2008).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rónán Ó Snodaigh from Kíla, who co-wrote the song Friends with Mic and shared a flat with him in the years before his death, wrote the song "The dream I haven't shown her" on his album "The Playdays" for Mic, it is a medley of the W.H. Auden poem; Funeral Blues and a song written by Mic Christopher Embrace the Day.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skylarkin'" (2002)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mic Christopher's official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mic Christopher at Irish Music Central

description: American born Irish musician

wikidata_label: Mic Christopher

wikipedia_title: Mic Christopher


text:
Chola king
Early Cholas
Sangam literature
Paṭṭiṉappālai
Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai
Akanaṉūṟu
Purananuru
solar race
Kashyapa
gotra
Ilamcetcenni
Battle of Venni
Pandyan
Cheran
Kovilvenni
Thanjavur
battle of Venni
Agananuru
Vajra
Magadha
Avanti
Maya
Kaveri
Telugu Chola
Erigal
Grand Anicut
Chola
Nilakanta Sastri
V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar
Silappadikaram
Sangam literature
Silappadikaram
Puhar
Legendary early Chola kings
Tamil history from Sangam literature
List of Tamil monarchs

paragraph: Karikala

paragraph: Karikala was a Tamil Chola king who ruled southern India. He is credited with the conquest of the whole of India up to the Himalayas and the construction of the flood banks of the river Kaveri. He is recognised as the greatest of the Early Cholas.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: The story of Karikala is mixed with legend and anecdotal information gleaned from Sangam literature. The only sources available are the numerous mentions in Sangam poetry. The period covered by the extant literature of the Sangam is unfortunately not easy to determine with any measure of certainty.

paragraph: "Paṭṭiṉappālai", "Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai" and a number of individual poems in the "Akanaṉūṟu" and "Purananuru" have been the main source for the information that is attributed to Karikala.

paragraph: No authentic records of Karikala's reign have been found so far. However many rulers and petty chiefs who came after him claimed him as their ancestor and decorated themselves as belonging to the "solar race of Karikala and of the Kashyapa gotra".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Karikala was the son of Ilamcetcenni. The name Karikalan has been held to mean "the man with the charred leg" and perpetuates the memory of a fire accident in the early years of his life. Some scholars also hold the view "kari" and "kalan" are Tamil words meaning "slayer of elephants". "Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai" describes the back-formed origin legend of this incident as follows:Old Sangam Age inscriptions and also sthala puranam of great ancient Saiva shrine at Parasalur, near Mayavaram says that in order to escape the murder plot hatched by conspirators Karikal Valavan stayed there in disguise of a vedic and agama sastra lecturer for eight years.

paragraph: "Paṭṭiṉappālai", written in praise of Karikala also describes this incident, but without mention of the fable of the burnt limb:

paragraph: Section::::Military conquests.

paragraph: Section::::Military conquests.:Battle of Venni.

paragraph: According to the " Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai", Karikala Chola fought a great Battle of Venni in which both Pandyan and Cheran kings suffered a defeat. Although we know very little about the circumstances leading to this battle, there can be no doubt that it marked the turning point in Karikala’s career, for in this battle he broke the back of the powerful confederacy formed against him. Besides the two crowned kings of the Pandya and Chera countries, eleven minor chieftains took the opposing side in the campaign and shared defeat at the hands of Karikala. The Chera king, who was wounded on his back in the battle, committed suicide by starvation. Venni was the watershed in the career of Karikala which established him firmly on his throne and secured for him some sort of hegemony among the three crowned monarchs. Venni is also known as Vennipparandalai and now it is known as Kovilvenni and is situated near Thanjavur.

paragraph: Section::::Military conquests.:Further wars and conquests.

paragraph: After the battle of Venni, Karikala had other opportunities to exercise his arms. He defeated the confederacy of nine minor chieftains in the battle of Vakaipparandalai. Paranar, a contemporary of Karikala, in his poem from "Agananuru" mentions this incident without giving any information on the cause of the conflict. According to legends Karikala was one of the few Tamil kings who won the whole of Ceylon (Lanka). The Grand anicut was built after his conquest over the Singalese kingdom and he used Singalese war prisoners for the hard task of moving stones from the mountains to the river bed of the Kaveri. The "Pattinappalai" also describes the destruction caused by Karikala’s armies in the territories of his enemies and adds that as the result of these conflicts, the "Northerners and Westerners were depressed… and his flushed look of anger caused the Pandya’s strength to give way…".

paragraph: Section::::Military conquests.:Northern Expedition.

paragraph: After subduing the south Karikala went on an expedition to the north and engraved his tiger emblem in the Himalayas. The king of the great Vajra whose sway extended as far as the roaring sea (in the east), gave him a pearl canopy as a tribute while the king of Magadha famous for his sword-play, and his enemy a while ago, presented to him an audience hall (pattimandapam). The king of Avanti gave him a friendly present of a tall and beautiful arch on the gateway. Though all these were made of gold and gems, their technique was not known to human artists even of exceptional skill; they were long ago given to the ancestors of these three monarchs by the divine Maya in return for some valuable service rendered to him.

paragraph: Section::::Grand Anicut.

paragraph: Later Chola kings attributed the building of dikes along the banks of the Kaveri to Karikala. The raising of the banks of the river Kaveri by Karikala is also mentioned by the Malepadu plates (seventh century AD) of the Telugu Chola sovereign of Renadu, Erigal-Mutturaju Punyakumara, who claims descent from Karikala: "karuna – saroruha vihita – vilochana – pallava – trilochana pramukha kilapritvisvara karita kaveri tira" (he who caused the banks of the Kaveri to be constructed by all the subordinate kings led by the Pallava Trilochana whose third eye was blinded by his lotus foot).

paragraph: The Grand Anicut, also known as the Kallanai was built by Karikala and is considered one of the oldest water-diversion or water-regulator structures in the world which is still in use. The Kallanai is a massive dam of unhewn stone, 329 metres (1,080 ft) long and 20 metres (60 ft) wide, across the main stream of the Kaveri. A later Chola record from Tiruvaduturai refers to this event that is raising the banks of the Kaveri by Parakesari Karikala Chola.

paragraph: Section::::Grand Anicut.:Karikala Cholan Manimandapam.

paragraph: Karikala Cholan Manimandapam (memorial hall) was built in honour of the king who built the Grand Anicut. The hall designed as per Tamil architecture style was built at a cost of Rs. 2.10 crore. It features a bronze statue of the king.

paragraph: Section::::Dating Karikala.

paragraph: According to Nilakanta Sastri Karikala reigned in (c. A.D 90).

paragraph: V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar states that the Karikala mentioned in Silappadikaram and Sangam literature are two different kings and the Karikala mentioned in Silappadikaram has nothing to do with Trilocana Pallava and nothing prevents another Karikala having flourished in Puhar a few centuries later. The copper-plate charters and stone inscription of the tenth and eleventh centuries also mention two different Karikala.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Legendary early Chola kings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tamil history from Sangam literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Tamil monarchs

wikidata_label: Karikala Chola

wikipedia_title: Karikala


text:
Berlin
Bonn
genre
Düsseldorf
Rudolf Wiegmann
Theodor Hildebrandt
Wilhelm von Schadow
Karl Ferdinand Sohn
Düsseldorf school of painting
Christ on the Stormy Waters
Dutch Masters
Naturalism
German revolutions of 1848–49
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf
National Gallery
Agnes Börjesson
Christian Ludwig Bokelmann
Hans Dahl
Karl Rudolf Sohn
Frederick Vezin
Hugo Vogel
Thieme-Becker

categories: Kunstakademie Düsseldorf faculty,German genre painters,1899 deaths,1830 births,19th-century German painters

paragraph: Wilhelm Sohn

paragraph: Johann August Wilhelm Sohn (29 August 1829 in Berlin – 16 March 1899 in Pützchen, near Bonn) was a German genre painter and art professor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1847, he went to Düsseldorf, where he studied with Rudolf Wiegmann, Theodor Hildebrandt, Wilhelm von Schadow and his uncle, Karl Ferdinand Sohn. After that, he supplemented his studies by travelling extensively. In 1861, he married his cousin, Sophie Emilie (Emmy) Sohn, making Karl Ferdinand his uncle and father-in-law.

paragraph: In keeping with the spirit of the Düsseldorf school of painting, he began by painting Biblical history scenes; notably "Christ on the Stormy Waters". Several works on religious themes remained unfinished, as he discovered the Dutch Masters and turned to genre painting.

paragraph: Although Naturalism began to establish itself as an art style following the German revolutions of 1848–49, conservative styles remained in force at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf until Schadow was ousted as Director in 1859. At that time, Sohn became one of the first to teach the new styles, and was named the first Professor of Genre Painting in 1874 (a position he had declined in 1867).

paragraph: His new duties kept him so busy, he was unable to finish a commission for a monumental painting from the National Gallery, which he worked on intermittently for 30 years. Despite this heavy schedule, he also presided over a popular painting school for women.

paragraph: In 1885, Emmy had a stroke while they were on an evening walk and died later that day. Not long after, his son fell ill with a brain disorder that eventually left him paralyzed. In 1895, he resigned his Professorship, moved to Pützchen to look after his son, and died there four years later.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Konsultation beim Rechtsanwalt" (Consultation with the Lawyer), 1866. writes about this picture in 1866: "In addition to the paintings which I then noted, a "Consultation with the Advocate "by Wilhelm Sohn, in the style of the 17th century, attracts attention. The figures are of great, poignant truth: an old lady, who asks for an advocate to settle an inheritance dispute, but does not receive the one she wishes. It is uncertain how the young girl dressed in black, with a lovely, bashful face, is related to the older couple. The fine, careful treatment reminds one of the best Dutch painters; If the artist has not yet advanced to complete freedom and mastery of technique, the composition, the expression of the faces and the manner of painting reveals an extraordinary talent."

paragraph: Section::::Notable students.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes Börjesson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Ludwig Bokelmann

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Dahl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Rudolf Sohn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick Vezin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugo Vogel

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sohn, Wilhelm". In: Hermann Alexander Müller: "Biographisches Künstler-Lexikon. Die bekanntesten Zeitgenossen auf dem Gebiet der bildenden Künste aller Länder mit Angabe ihrer Werke". Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1882, pg.496.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Schaarschmidt: "Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Bildenden Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert", Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, 1902, pgs.247–290]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelm Sohn. In: Thieme-Becker, "Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart". Vol.31, E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1937, pg.217.

alias:
Johann August Wilhelm Sohn
August Wilhelm Sohn

description: German painter

wikidata_label: Wilhelm Sohn

wikipedia_title: Wilhelm Sohn


text:
bench coach
St. Louis Cardinals
Major League Baseball
Dr. Phillips High School
Orlando, Florida
Pittsburgh Pirates
2004 MLB Draft
college baseball
College of Charleston
St. Louis Cardinals
2007 MLB Draft
Gulf Coast League Cardinals
Johnson City Cardinals
Palm Beach Cardinals

categories: College of Charleston Cougars baseball players,Major League Baseball first base coaches,Swing of the Quad Cities players,St. Louis Cardinals coaches,Palm Beach Cardinals players,1986 births,Baseball players from Florida,Batavia Muckdogs players,Sportspeople from Orlando, Florida,Living people

paragraph: Oliver Marmol

paragraph: Oliver J. Marmol (born July 2, 1986) is the current bench coach of the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

paragraph: Marmol attended Dr. Phillips High School in Orlando, Florida and was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 31st round of the 2004 MLB Draft. He did not sign with the Pirates and played college baseball at the College of Charleston. He was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the sixth round of the 2007 MLB Draft and played in the Cardinals organization until 2010. In 2011, he became the hitting coach of the Gulf Coast League Cardinals. The next season, he became manager of the Johnson City Cardinals and in 2015 was promoted to manager of the Palm Beach Cardinals.

paragraph: The Cardinals promoted him to be their first base coach prior to the 2017 season. Prior to the start of the 2019 Season, Oliver Marmol was promoted to Bench Coach for the St. Louis Cardinals.

description: First Base Coach for St. Louis Cardinals

wikidata_label: Oliver Marmol

wikipedia_title: Oliver Marmol