text:
Chicago Commons
settlement house
Dutch Reformed Church
settlement house
Jane Addams
Illinois Institute of Technology
Vassar College
World War I
draft board
African American
arson
Kennedy Expressway
Highland Park
Women's Trade Union League
minimum wage
settlement house

wikipedia_title:
Chicago Commons
Settlement movement
Dutch Reformed Church
Settlement movement
Jane Addams
Illinois Institute of Technology
Vassar College
World War I
Draft board
African Americans
Arson
Kennedy Expressway
Highland Park, Illinois
Women's Trade Union League
Minimum wage
Settlement movement

categories: 1975 deaths,Vassar College alumni,1883 births,Illinois Institute of Technology alumni

paragraph: Lea Demarest Taylor

paragraph: Lea Demarest Taylor (June 24, 1883 – December 3, 1975) was the head resident of the Chicago Commons, a settlement house in Chicago, Illinois, from 1922 to 1954. Although often overshadowed by her famous father, Graham Taylor, she made significant contributions to the settlement house movement in her own right.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Taylor was the third of four children of Lea Demarest Taylor and Graham Taylor, a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church and professor of applied Christianity. She came to Chicago Commons in 1895, at the age of 11, when her father moved the family into the secular settlement house that he had founded on Chicago's near North Side. The Taylors were the first Chicago family with children to take up residence in a settlement house, and many including Jane Addams expressed concern about the possible risks to the children's health and safety. However, the Taylors persisted, becoming the only family to stay in a settlement house for their children's entire childhood.

paragraph: In 1901, the settlement moved to a massive 5-story structure at Grand and Morgan, and the family moved with it. Life within the settlement followed a cooperative model, with residents sharing both the social work and the housekeeping tasks; the settlement was devoted to the principle of "industrial and social democracy".

paragraph: Taylor enrolled at the Lewis Institute, now the Illinois Institute of Technology, at the high school level in 1900. Her social life, however revolved principally around the settlement; she had already been elected a full resident of the settlement in 1899, at the age of 16. She soon continued on to Vassar College, where she graduated in 1904. She did not continue to graduate school, explaining later in life that her work at the settlement "was my graduate education."

paragraph: During the 1910s Taylor conducted detailed research on the problems facing the neighborhood. In 1917, during World War I, the settlement established a draft board, and Taylor used her position as secretary of the draft board to collect even more information on the local community, which she used for her research in subsequent years. Her experience working with her brother Graham Romeyn Taylor on the causes of the Chicago Race Riot of 1919 spurred a lifelong interest in race relations and racial equality.

paragraph: Section::::Directorship.

paragraph: Taylor took her father's place as head resident at Chicago Commons in 1922. She had in fact already been doing much of the head resident's work for several years, since assuming the role of assistant head resident in 1917.

paragraph: The 1940s brought an unprecedented challenge for the Chicago Commons, as the movement of African Americans into the neighborhood around the settlement led to violent reactions from the neighborhood's white residents. Taylor resisted calls from the local community for segregation, organizing racially integrated camps and other activities, but was not able to stem the rising tide of animosity. On October 10, 1947, a racially motivated fire left ten African Americans dead and 60 injured in a crowded apartment building a short distance from the settlement. Taylor described it as "the worst disaster in the field of inter-racial warfare that has happened in Chicago". In addition to arranging relief for the victims, she served on the coroner's jury on the fire, which delivered a finding of arson as the cause.

paragraph: In 1948, as people moved away from the neighborhood due to the impending construction of the Kennedy Expressway, the Chicago Commons Association merged with nearby settlement Emerson House and sold its massive building to raise funds for nonresidential community centers. Taylor ceased to be the head of the Chicago Commons Association at this point, but remained head resident at a short-lived new location further to the northwest. She finally retired from the position of resident in 1954. She moved to Highland Park.

paragraph: In addition to her work as director and head resident, Taylor was also active in the broader movements of which the Commons were a part. She was a member of the Women's Trade Union League, and worked on legislation establishing a minimum wage in the textile industry. She also served multiple terms as president of the National Federation of Settlements and the Chicago Federation of Settlements. A dedicated advocate of improved housing, she was the first woman to be appointed to the Metropolitan Housing and Planning Council, taking that position in 1934.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Chicago Commons, the institution Taylor steered through many decades, is one of only a handful of Chicago settlement houses to remain active in the present day, in the form of the Chicago Commons Association.

paragraph: In addition, Taylor's name is borne today by the Lea D. Taylor Institute in Chicago, which works on obstacles to social and economic justice in the United States and worldwide.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Social Welfare History Project: Taylor, Lea Demarest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lea Demarest Taylor Papers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chicago Commons Collection 1927-1968

description: American social worker

wikidata_label: Lea Demarest Taylor

wikipedia_title: Lea Demarest Taylor


text: Italian

text: etcher

text: Baroque

text: Sansepolcro

text: Arezzo

text: etching

text: landscapes

text: Paul Bril

text: Giulio Parigi

text: Jacopo Ligozzi

text: Dutch Republic

text: Southern Netherlands

text: Brussels

text: Siena

text: Jacques Callot

text: Antonio Tempesta

text: Stefano della Bella

text: Francesco Redi

text: Niccolo Angeli

text: Antonio Cantagallina

text: Florence

text: Short Bibliography

categories: Italian etchers,Italian male painters,17th-century Italian painters,1582 births,1656 deaths,16th-century Italian painters,People from Sansepolcro,Tuscan painters,Italian Baroque painters

paragraph: Remigio Cantagallina

paragraph: Remigio Cantagallina (c. 1582–1656) was an Italian etcher active in the Baroque period.

paragraph: He was born in Sansepolcro, formerly Borgo Santo Sepolcro, in the province of Arezzo. He is best known for his etchings of landscapes and religious subjects, influenced by Paul Bril. He was likely a pupil of the fellow-Florentine Giulio Parigi and Jacopo Ligozzi. In 1612–13 he traveled through the Dutch Republic, the Southern Netherlands, and France, which he documented in detailed drawings in pen and wash of buildings, houses, and cityscapes, complete with persons engaged at work or play in the foreground. His eye caught both the courtly celebrations and the peasant world. He produced detailed views of Brussels and Siena. Jacques Callot was reputed to be a pupil of Cantagallina, before the former moved to Rome to work with Antonio Tempesta. He also likely tutored Stefano della Bella. After 1648, he tutored in drawing the scientist and nature observer Francesco Redi. The engraver Niccolo Angeli was also his pupil.

paragraph: He painted a "Last Supper" (1604) for the church of San Bartolomeo (now in Museo Civico) of Sansepolcro; aiding him in this painting was a relative, said to be a brother, Antonio Cantagallina (b. 1616), who distinguished himself as architect in his hometown and Livorno. Another relative, Gianfrancesco (Giovanni Francesco), was also an architect. He died at Florence.

paragraph: Among his plates are landscapes, theatrical decorations, and triumphal entries: two landscapes; one with a bridge, the other with buildings; both dated 1603; "Immaculate Conception" after Callot; A set of four landscapes (1609); A further set of six landscapes; A set of twelve landscapes and an octagon marked with his initials; a set of six landscapes with his cipher (1624); A set of plates of the "Scenes of an Opera" after Giulio Parigi; and a set of plates, called the "Palazzo della Fame"(1608).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artnet biography from Grove encyclopedia or Art.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short Bibliography

alias:
Remy Canta Gallina
Remigio de Canta Gallina
R. Cantagallina

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Remigio Cantagallina

wikipedia_title: Remigio Cantagallina


text:
Breton language
Canon
Gaulish
Continental Celtic
Brythonic
Jean-Marie Perrot
Joseph Loth
Léon Fleuriot
Vannetais
Blavet
Breton nationalism
Françoise Morvan
Michel Le Nobletz

categories: Celtic studies scholars,1901 births,Linguists from France,Breton people,1991 deaths

paragraph: François Falc'hun

paragraph: François Falc'hun (20 April 1901 – 13 January 1991) was a controversial French linguist known for his theories about the origin of the Breton language. He was also an ordained Canon in the Catholic clergy.

paragraph: Falc'hun was professor at the Universities of Rennes and Brest. Contrary to the mainstream opinion of linguists, Falc'hun took the view that Breton was derived from the Gaulish form of Continental Celtic, rather than from the Brythonic Celtic that were introduced by British migrants. He was accused of using linguistics to promote a French nationalist political agenda.

paragraph: Section::::Theories.

paragraph: Falc'hun's early work included an edition of the writings of Jean-Marie Perrot. He created a particular Breton orthography (known as "university" orthography) which was intended to replace the spelling system known as "Peurunvan", used from 1911 to 1941. His spelling, which does not use "zh", also abandons the Breton "c'h" convention, introduced in the seventeenth century, and which is even used in the official French form of Falc'hun's own name.

paragraph: In 1951 Falc'hun developed his view that Breton developed from native Gaulish, arguing that the incoming Britons encountered a Gaulish-speaking rather than Latin-speaking population, and that the two variants of Celtic merged. Criticising the views of Joseph Loth and Léon Fleuriot, Falc'hun claimed that the Vannetais dialect of eastern Breton was almost wholly Gaulish. "I am convinced that the dialect of Vannes, especially in southern Blavet, is a Gallic survival, little influenced by British contributions, and other dialects are simply Gaulish marked by the language of origin of the island immigrants".

paragraph: Section::::Controversy.

paragraph: Falc'hun's views became controversial after the publication of his 1981 book, "Perspectives nouvelles sur l’histoire de la langue bretonne" (New Perspectives on the History of the Breton Language), in which his theories were linked to nationalist ideology. It was published in a series entitled "The nation in question", as part of several texts entitled "the critical national ideology of...". These books were published in the context of a struggle against Breton nationalism, which sought to emphasise that the Bretons were non-French. Because of this, Falc'hun became a hate figure among Breton nationalists. According to his friend Françoise Morvan, he suffered numerous "telephone harassment campaigns".

paragraph: Léon Fleuriot has accepted Falc'hun's view that Breton was influenced by surviving local forms of Celtic, but rejects Falc'hun's argument that Vannetais is native Gaulish.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le système consonantique du breton avec une étude comparative de phonétique expérimentale" - Thèse présentée à la faculté des Lettres de l'université de Rennes, Rennes, imp. Réunies, imp. Plihon, 1951

paragraph: BULLET::::- Préface de l'ouvrage "L'abbé Jean-Marie Perrot", du chanoine Henri Poisson, Édition Plihon (1955).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un texte breton inédit de Dom Michel Le Nobletz." (Extrait des annales de Bretagne). Rennes, imprimerie réunies, 1958

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire de la Langue bretonne d'après la géographie linguistique" - T. I : Texte - T. II : figures Paris, P.U.F. -1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les noms de lieux celtiques". Première série : vallées et plaines. Rennes, Editions Armoricaine, 1966, Deuxième série : Problèmes de doctrine et de méthode - noms de hauteur. Rennes, Éditions Armoricaines, 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perspectives nouvelles sur l'histoire de la langue bretonne". Paris, Union Générale d'Éditions, 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les noms de lieux celtiques. Première série : vallées et plaines. Deuxième édition, revue et considérablement augmentée". Genève (ville)|Genève, Slatkine. 1982. with Bernard Tanguy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les noms de lieux celtiques. Troisième série : Nouvelle Méthode de Recherche en Toponymie Celtique 1984". with Bernard Tanguy.

description: French linguist

wikidata_label: François Falc'hun

wikipedia_title: François Falc'hun


text:
Jumièges
Cluny
bishop of Clermont
House of Amboise
Pierre d'Amboise
Chaumont
Benedictine
bishop of Albi
Bourbon
hôtel de Cluny
Mazarin
Paray-le-Monial
Louis XII
St Petersburg
Clermont
Georges

categories: 1516 deaths,House of Amboise,French abbots,Year of birth uncertain,Bishops of Clermont

paragraph: Jacques d'Amboise (bishop)

paragraph: Jacques d'Amboise (between 1440 and 1450 – 27 December 1516) was a French religious dignitary and patron of medieval France. He was abbot of Jumièges then of Cluny, and bishop of Clermont. He was a member of the House of Amboise, an old noble family.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of Anne de Bueil and Pierre d'Amboise, lord of Chaumont, as their seventh of eighteen children. Entering the Benedictine order he was elected abbot of Jumièges in January 1474, replacing his brother Louis on his appointment as bishop of Albi. Jacques took his oath of loyalty as abbot on 20 February 1474 and took possession of the abbey on 28 May.

paragraph: In 1485 he succeeded a Bourbon as abbot of Cluny, rebuilding the Cluny abbots' hôtel in Paris as well as its now-lost chapel and collège. Located beside the Gallo-Roman ruins, the hôtel de Cluny hosted several royal visits and would be inhabited by cardinal Mazarin in 1634. He also built the abbatial palace of Paray-le-Monial.

paragraph: The bishopric of Clermont had been left vacant at the end of 1504, and Louis XII appointed Jacques d'Amboise to it – he held the post from 1505 until his death. He completed the diocese's cathedral and replaced its tiles with a lead roof, as well as richly adding to its library and creating a tapestry in the choir of which four pieces are now in St Petersburg. In 1515 he built the fountain that bears his arms and name in Clermont.

paragraph: Like his brothers Louis and Georges, he had a great sense of family : he appointed several of his nephews to church posts, adorned all his works with his family arms in or palé de gules and even inserted prayers for his family name in the eucharistic prayer, when this was actually only allowed to sites of the apostolic college.

wikidata_label: Jacques d'Amboise

wikipedia_title: Jacques d'Amboise (bishop)


text: Count

text: Nassau

text: Teutonic Order

text: Walram I of Nassau

text: Sponheim

text: Ziegenhain

text: Henry II

text: Wiesbaden

text: Frederick I

text: Reichsvogtei

text: Königssondergau

text: fiefdoms

text: Sonnenberg Castle

text: Taunus

text: Mainz

text: Lords of Eppstein

text: cathedral chapter

text: St. Martin's Cathedral

text: Mainz

text: Teutonic Order

text: House of Nassau

text: Cleeberg

text: Genealogies of the Middle Ages

paragraph: Rupert IV, Count of Nassau

paragraph: Rupert IV of Nassau, († after January 1, 1239), was Count of Nassau. He later became a Knight of the Teutonic Order.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Rupert IV was the second son of Count Walram I of Nassau and a certain Kunigunde, possibly a daughter of a count of Sponheim or a daughter of Poppo II, Count of Ziegenhain.

paragraph: Rupert is mentioned for the first time in a charter dated March 20, 1198, together with his mother and his brother Henry II. This mention means that he and his brother were of age at that time, that is to say, they had reached the age of 12.

paragraph: Rupert is mentioned as count of Nassau between 1198 and 1230. He reigned with his brother Henry.

paragraph: Rupert's father had received the "Königshof" Wiesbaden from Emperor Frederick I in reward for his support of the emperor in the conflicts of 1170-1180. The Nassau possessions in this area were expanded around 1214 when Rupert's brother Henry received the Imperial Vogtship ("Reichsvogtei") over Wiesbaden and the surrounding "Königssondergau", which he held as fiefdoms.

paragraph: About the year 1200, Rupert, together with his brother Henry, began building Sonnenberg Castle on a spur of Spitzkippel peak in the Taunus above Wiesbaden. This was intended for protection against the Archbishop of Mainz and its vassals, the Lords of Eppstein, who held the lands bordering Wiesbaden. However, the cathedral chapter of St. Martin's Cathedral in Mainz claimed Sonnenberg as their own. To settle the dispute, Nassau paid 30 Marks to the cathedral chapter in 1221 to acquire the land of Sonnenberg Castle. They were also forced to recognize the sovereignty of the Archbishops of Mainz over Sonnenberg, taking the castle as a fief of Mainz.

paragraph: Rupert is mentioned as a Knight of the Teutonic Order in 1230. Rupert died after January 1, 1239 and bequeathed his legacy to the Order. This would eventually lead to conflict between the House of Nassau and the Order.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: Rupert married before December 11, 1215 to Gertrud († ca. 1222), possibly a daughter of the Count of Cleeberg. From this marriage no children are known.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family tree of the early House of Nassau

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogies of the Middle Ages. Retrieved on 2009-01-31.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medieval Lands. A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families. Nassau, compiled by Charles Cawley.

description: Count of Nassau (1198-1230)

wikidata_label: Rupert IV of Nassau

wikipedia_title: Rupert IV, Count of Nassau


text:
La Clusaz
French
Freestyle skier
Rossignol

categories: University of Savoy alumni,1988 births,Superpipe skiers,Olympic freestyle skiers of France,French male freestyle skiers,X Games athletes,Living people,Freestyle skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Xavier Bertoni

paragraph: Xavier Bertoni (born May 4, 1988 in La Clusaz) is a French Freestyle skier. He started skiing when he was 2 years old and has been with Rossignol since 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd 2010 14th X Games, Aspen, Colorado, Superpipe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st 2009 13th X Games, Aspen, Colorado, Superpipe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st 2009 fis World Cup Les Contamines, FRA Halfpipe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6th 2008 Tignes Airwaves Tignes, FRA Halfpipe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 8th 2008 fis World Cup Les Contamines, FRA Halfpipe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st 2007 NZ Freeski Open Lake Wanaka, NZL Halfpipe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd 2007 World Skiing Invitational Whistler, BC CAN Superpipe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th 2007 Tignes Airwaves Tignes, FRA Big Air

description: French freestyle skier

wikidata_label: Xavier Bertoni

wikipedia_title: Xavier Bertoni


text: Sandy Hook, New Jersey

text: Sholto Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton

text: barge

text: winter storm

categories: New Jersey in the American Revolution,1783 deaths,Haliburton family,Sandy Hook, New Jersey,Younger sons of earls,Royal Navy officers,1783 in New Jersey,House of Douglas and Angus,1763 births,Deaths from hypothermia

paragraph: Hamilton Douglas Halyburton

paragraph: Hamilton Douglas Halyburton (10 October 1763 – 31 December 1783) was a British Lieutenant who died at Sandy Hook, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born on 10 October 1763 to Sholto Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton. He died on 31 December 1783 when he was in command of the barge of . He was using it to chase deserters off of Sandy Hook. He and his crew were caught in a winter storm and they all died, all but one of the bodies washed ashore the next day. They were described as "12 gentlemen and one common sailor".

paragraph: Section::::Halyburton Memorial.

paragraph: Katherine Hamilton, the Countess Dowager of Morton erected a monument, but it was destroyed by the French. The grave was rediscovered in 1908 during expansion of a road.

paragraph: In 1937, a new Halyburton Memorial was constructed.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Park Service: Sandy Hook-Halyburton Memorial-Grounds

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Park Service: Sandy Hook-Halyburton Memorial-Marker 98

description: Royal Navy officer

wikidata_label: Hamilton Douglas Halyburton

wikipedia_title: Hamilton Douglas Halyburton


text: Welsh

text: pharmacist

text: Boverton

text: Llantwit Major

text: Karl Friedrich Mohr

text: William Procter, Jr.

text: Lea and Blanchard

text: Royal Society of Chemistry

text: analytical chemistry

text: Redwood Building

text: Cardiff University

text: London

text: Thomas Boverton Redwood

text: Redwood baronets

text: Biography of Redwood

categories: 1892 deaths,People from the Vale of Glamorgan,1806 births

paragraph: Theophilus Redwood

paragraph: Theophilus Redwood (9 April 1806 – 5 March 1892) was a Welsh pharmacist who was one of the founding members of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. He was born in Boverton, Llantwit Major.

paragraph: In 1820 he was apprenticed to his brother-in-law, Charles Vachell, a surgeon-apothecary in Cardiff. Vachell had married Redwood's eldest half-sister Margaret in 1811.

paragraph: Redwood translated Karl Friedrich Mohr’s Lehrbuch der pharmaceutischen Technik, and adapted it to English practice. This was the first textbook of pharmacy. The result was Practical Pharmacy: The Arrangements, Apparatus, and Manipulation of the Pharmaceutical Shop and Laboratory, by Francis Mohr and Theophilus Redwood, Taylor, Walton, and Maberly, London, 1849. William Procter, Jr. edited an American edition for publisher Lea and Blanchard of Philadelphia. Procter’s Practical Pharmacy was published in 1849.

paragraph: He was also secretary of the Cavendish Society (1846–72) and vice-president of the Chemical Society.

paragraph: Theophilius Redwood was never President of the Pharmaceutical Society, but was President of the British Pharmaceutical Conferences in Glasgow and Plymouth, 1876 and 77. He was also President of the International Pharmaceutical conference held in London in 1881.

paragraph: After his retirement in 1885, he received the title of Emeritus Professor by unanimous vote of the Council of the Pharmaceutical Society. He moved back to the family home in Boverton, which he had inherited, but still continued to lecture. His last public appearance was appropriately at the Pharmaceutical Conference in Cardiff in 1891, as he himself remarked, a very different Cardiff from the one he had left in 1823. He died at home on 5 March 1892 and is buried in Llantwit Major churchyard.

paragraph: The Theophilus Redwood Award is given by Royal Society of Chemistry to a leading analytical chemistry scientist who is also an outstanding communicator. The Redwood Building of Cardiff University, home to the Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, is named in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was married to Charlotte Elizabeth Morson, daughter of T N R Morson who owned a large pharmaceutical company in London.

paragraph: Their eight children included Thomas Boverton Redwood first of the Redwood baronets.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Redwood Welsh School of Pharmacy

description: British pharmacist

wikidata_label: Theophilus Redwood

wikipedia_title: Theophilus Redwood


text:
hard rock
AC/DC
Forfar
Kirriemuir
Melbourne
Fremantle, Western Australia
The Spektors
The Valentines
Fraternity
Dave Evans
Highway to Hell
Brian Johnson
glam rock
Geordie
Back in Black
third best-selling album
Classic Rock
Hit Parader
Forfar
Kirriemuir
Sunshine
Fremantle
John Curtin College of the Arts
Fremantle Prison
carnal knowledge
Australian Army
Little Richard
The Spektors
The Valentines
Vince Lovegrove
George Young
The Easybeats
Every Day I Have to Cry
Arthur Alexander
record chart
National Top 30
Adelaide
progressive rock
Fraternity
LP
Livestock
Flaming Galah
Status Quo
Geordie
Brian Johnson
Peter Head
Headband
Glenn Shorrock
Little River Band
Round & Round & Round
Jack Daniel's
Suzuki GT550
Malcolm Young
Angus Young
Jimmy Barnes
Tony Currenti
AC/DC line-ups
High Voltage
Phil Rudd
Mark Evans
T.N.T.
High Voltage
Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap
Let There Be Rock
Powerage
Cliff Williams
riffs
Rock 'n' Roll Damnation
Apollo Theatre
If You Want Blood You've Got It
Highway To Hell
Robert "Mutt" Lange
Back in Black
Mick Cocks
Trust
Répression
Bernie Bonvoisin
Ride On
KOKO
Renault 5
East Dulwich
King's College Hospital
Camberwell
dead on arrival
Jesse Fink
UFO
Paul Chapman
pulmonary aspiration
alcohol poisoning
death by misadventure
Desmond Henley
Fremantle Cemetery
Fremantle
conspiracy theories
asthmatic
Brian Johnson
Back in Black
You Shook Me All Night Long
box set
Bonfire
remaster
Back in Black
Volts
Live from the Atlantic Studios
Pavillon de Paris
National Trust of Australia
Fremantle Fishing Boat Harbour
Marshall amplifier
ACDC Lane
Kirriemuir
Caithness
The Valentines
Vince Lovegrove
Mark Evans
John McKenna
AC/DC
Back In Black
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Highway to Hell
Rolling Stone
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time
Highway to Hell
Malcolm
Angus Young
The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time
Classic Rock
Freddie Mercury
Robert Plant
Trust
Kingdom Come
Iris
Lună plină
AC/DC
thrash metal
Megadeth
Dave Mustaine
Guns N' Roses
Whole Lotta Rosie
AC/DC
Ride On
Clinton Walker
Jesse Fink
AC/DC official website

categories: Burials at Fremantle Cemetery,Australian tenors,Musicians from Western Australia,Naturalised citizens of Australia,People educated at John Curtin College of the Arts,People from Fremantle,People from Kirriemuir,1946 births,Accidental deaths in England,Alcohol-related deaths in England,Australian male singers,20th-century Australian singers,1980 deaths,Australian rock singers,Australian people of Scottish descent,AC/DC members,Australian songwriters,APRA Award winners,Australian multi-instrumentalists

paragraph: Bon Scott

paragraph: Ronald Belford "Bon" Scott (9 July 1946 – 19 February 1980) was an Australian singer, songwriter and instrumentalist, best known for being the lead vocalist and lyricist of the Australian hard rock band AC/DC from 1974 until his death in 1980.

paragraph: Scott was born in Forfar, Scotland, and spent his early years in Kirriemuir. He moved to Australia with his family in 1952 at the age of six, living in Melbourne for four years before settling in Fremantle, Western Australia. Scott formed his first band, The Spektors, in 1964 and became the band's drummer and occasional lead vocalist. He performed in several other bands including The Valentines and Fraternity before replacing Dave Evans as the lead singer of AC/DC in 1974.

paragraph: AC/DC's popularity grew throughout the 1970s, initially in Australia, and then internationally. Their 1979 album "Highway to Hell" reached the top 20 in the United States, and the band seemed on the verge of a commercial breakthrough. However, on 19 February 1980, Scott died after a night out in London. AC/DC briefly considered disbanding, but the group recruited vocalist Brian Johnson of the British glam rock band Geordie, a band in the 70’s. AC/DC's subsequent album, "Back in Black", was released only five months later, and was a tribute to Scotts’ death. It went on to become the third best-selling album in history.

paragraph: In the July 2004 issue of "Classic Rock", Scott was rated as number one in a list of the "100 Greatest Frontmen of All Time"." Hit Parader" ranked Scott as fifth on their 2006 list of the 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Vocalists of all time.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1946–1964: Early years.

paragraph: Scott was born on 9 July 1946 at Fyfe Jamieson Maternity Hospital in Forfar, Scotland, the son of Charles Belford "Chick" Scott (1917–1999) and Isabelle Cunningham "Isa" Mitchell (1917–2011). He grew up in Kirriemuir and was his parents' second child; the first-born was a boy, Sandy, who died shortly after birth. A third child, Derek, was born in 1949. The Scott family moved from Scotland to Australia in 1952. They initially lived in the Melbourne suburb of Sunshine, and Scott attended nearby Sunshine Primary School. The nickname "Bon" was acquired shortly after starting school; because there was another Ronald in the class, his classmates played on the phrase "Bonnie Scotland". A fourth child, Graeme, was born in 1953. In addition, Scott had a younger sister named Valerie.

paragraph: In 1956, the family moved to Fremantle. Scott joined the associated Fremantle Scots Pipe Band, learning the drums. He attended North Fremantle Primary School and later John Curtin College of the Arts until he dropped out at the age of 15; he spent a short time in Fremantle Prison's assessment centre and nine months at the Riverbank Juvenile Institution, relating to charges of giving a false name and address to the police, having escaped legal custody, having unlawful carnal knowledge, and stealing 12 gallons of petrol. He attempted to join the Australian Army, but was rejected and deemed "socially maladjusted".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1966–1970: The Spektors and The Valentines.

paragraph: Scott's vocals were inspired by his idol, Little Richard. After working as a postman, bartender and truck packer, Scott started his first band, The Spektors, in 1966 as drummer and occasional lead singer. One year later the Spektors merged with another local band, the Winstons, and formed The Valentines, in which Scott was co-lead singer with Vince Lovegrove. The Valentines recorded several songs written by George Young of The Easybeats. "Every Day I Have to Cry" (a song originally written and sung by Arthur Alexander) made the local record chart. In 1970, after gaining a place on the National Top 30 with their single "Juliette", the Valentines disbanded due to artistic differences after a much-publicised drug scandal.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1970–1973: Fraternity.

paragraph: Scott moved to Adelaide in 1970 and joined the progressive rock band Fraternity. Fraternity released the LPs "Livestock" and "Flaming Galah" before touring the UK in 1973, where they changed their name to Fang. During this time they played support slots for Status Quo and Geordie, whose front man Brian Johnson would eventually succeed Scott as the lead singer of AC/DC after his death. During this time, on 24 January 1972, Scott married Irene Thornton.

paragraph: In 1973, just after returning to Australia from the tour of the UK, Fraternity went on hiatus. Scott took a day job at the Wallaroo fertiliser plant and began singing with the Mount Lofty Rangers, a loose collective of musicians helmed by Peter Head (né Beagley) from Headband, who explained, "Headband and Fraternity were in the same management stable and we both split about the same time so the logical thing was to take members from both bands and create a new one ... the purpose of the band was for songwriters to relate to each other and experiment with songs, so it was a hotbed of creativity". Other ex-Fraternity members also played with the band as did Glenn Shorrock pre Little River Band. During this time, Head also helped Scott with his original compositions.

paragraph: Vince Lovegrove said, "Bon would go to Peter's home after a day (of literally) shovelling shit, and show him musical ideas he had had during his day's work. Bon's knowledge of the guitar was limited, so Peter began teaching him how to bridge chords and construct a song. One of the songs from these sessions was a ballad called 'Clarissa', about a local Adelaide girl. Another was the country-tinged Bin Up in the Hills Too Long, which for me was a sign of things to come with Bon's lyrics; simple, clever, sardonic, tongue-in-cheek ..."

paragraph: In return, Scott recorded vocals for Mount Lofty Rangers songs "Round & Round" and "Carey Gully". Head released these original recordings in 1996, also teaming up with producer Ted Yanni, another old friend of Scott's, to create an entirely new backing for "Round & Round & Round" that more accurately reflected the original intentions Head had. Long out of print, and massively bootlegged, this EP finally got an official digital release in June 2010. Unrecorded original compositions of Scott's, "Been Up In The Hills Too Long" and "Clarissa" have been recorded by Head on his Peter Head & The Mount Lofty Rangers "Lofty" album, also released in digital format only in 2011.

paragraph: About 11 pm on 3 May 1974, at the Old Lion Hotel in North Adelaide, during a rehearsal with the Mount Lofty Rangers, a very drunk, distressed and belligerent Scott had a raging argument with a member of the band. Scott stormed out of the venue, threw a bottle of Jack Daniel's on to the ground, then sped off on his Suzuki GT550 motorbike. Scott suffered serious injuries from the ensuing motorcycle accident, spending three days in a coma and a further 18 days in hospital. Vince Lovegrove and his wife, by then running a booking/management agency, gave Scott odd jobs, such as putting up posters and painting the office during his recovery, and shortly after introduced him to AC/DC who were on the lookout for a new lead singer.

paragraph: "There was a young, dinky little glam band from Sydney that we both loved called AC/DC ... Before another AC/DC visit, George Young phoned me and said the band was looking for a new singer. I immediately told him that the best guy for the job was Bon. George responded by saying Bon's accident would not allow him to perform, and that maybe he was too old. Nevertheless I had a meeting with Malcolm and Angus, and suggested Bon as their new singer. They asked me to bring him out to the Pooraka Hotel that night, and to come backstage after the show. When he watched the band, Bon was impressed, and he immediately wanted to join them, but thought they may be a bit too inexperienced and too young. After the show, backstage, Bon expressed his doubts about them being "able to rock". The two Young brothers told Bon he was "too old to rock". The upshot was that they had a jam session that night in the home of Bon's former mentor, Bruce Howe, and at the end of the session, at dawn, it was obvious that AC/DC had found a new singer. And Bon had found a new band."

paragraph: Like Scott, Malcolm Young and his younger brother Angus Young of AC/DC were born in Scotland before emigrating to Australia in their childhood with their family.

paragraph: Fraternity later reformed and replaced Scott with Jimmy Barnes.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1974–1980: AC/DC.

paragraph: Scott's wife, Irene Thornton, later wrote, "The first time Bon saw AC/DC was in August 1974. They came through Adelaide with the Lou Reed and Stevie Wright tour, and played their own show at the Pooraka Hotel... The first time I saw AC/DC was at the Pooraka Hotel in September. “Get up there, Bon,’’ Vince kept saying. The band didn’t have a singer that night; they were playing instrumental versions of old rock ’n’ roll standards. The boys ripped through all these classic numbers and then finally, with enough pressure from Vince, Bon climbed onto the stage. I didn’t realise that AC/DC had just sacked Dave Evans and they wanted Bon to replace him. Like Bon, the Youngs were Scottish, so there was an instant bond."

paragraph: Scott replaced Dave Evans as the lead singer of AC/DC on 24 October 1974, when it became obvious the band and Evans were heading in different directions, with Evans having personal clashes with band members and management. Scott's appointment coincided with him working as a chauffeur for the band at the time until an audition promoted him to lead singer.

paragraph: With the Young brothers as lead and rhythm guitarists, session drummer Tony Currenti (see AC/DC line-ups) and George Young as a temporary bassist, AC/DC released "High Voltage", their first LP in Australia in February 1975. Within a few months Currenti was replaced by Phil Rudd and Mark Evans was hired as a permanent bassist, and AC/DC began recording their second album "T.N.T.", which was released in Australia in December 1975. The first AC/DC album to gain international distribution however was a compilation of tracks from the first two albums, also entitled "High Voltage", which was released in May 1976. Another studio album, "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap" was released in the same year, but only in Australia; the international version of the album was released in November 1976 in the UK and in March 1981 in the US, with a different track listing.

paragraph: In the following years, AC/DC gained further success with their albums "Let There Be Rock" and "Powerage". The 1978 release of "Powerage" marked the debut of bassist Cliff Williams (who had replaced Mark Evans), and with its harder riffs, followed the blueprint set by "Let There Be Rock". Only one single was released from "Powerage" – "Rock 'n' Roll Damnation" – which gave AC/DC their highest chart position at the time, reaching #24. An appearance at the Apollo Theatre in Glasgow during the "Powerage" tour was recorded and released as "If You Want Blood You've Got It".

paragraph: The band's sixth album, "Highway To Hell", was produced by Robert "Mutt" Lange and was released in 1979. It became AC/DC's first LP to break the US top 100, eventually reaching #17, and it propelled AC/DC into the top ranks of hard rock acts.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: Scott met Adelaide girl Irene Thornton in 1971 while he was singer with Fraternity. They married in 1972. After two years of marriage, they separated before divorcing in 1977 but remained friends until his death.

paragraph: Michael Browning, who managed AC/DC in their early years, stated in his book on managing AC/DC, "Dog Eat Dog", that he visited Scott in hospital in Melbourne in 1975 after Scott had overdosed on drugs. Browning claimed “Bon was bragging to me the last time he was in that hospital he was visiting two separate girls, both unknown to each other, who were both giving birth to his kids at the same time. So there’s at least two of Bon Scott’s children out there, or at least two I can vouch for.”

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On 15 February 1980, Scott attended a session where Malcolm and Angus Young were working on the beginnings of two songs that would later be recorded on the "Back in Black" album; "Have a Drink On Me" and "Let Me Put My Love Into You" with Scott accompanying on drums rather than singing or writing lyrics.

paragraph: Days earlier, Scott had gone with Mick Cocks to visit their friends the French group Trust in the Scorpio Sound studio in London where they recorded the album "Répression"; Scott was working on the English adaptation of texts by Bernie Bonvoisin for the English version of the album. During this visit, the musicians did a jam session of "Ride On". This improvised session was Scott's last recording.

paragraph: Some time during the late evening of 18 February and early morning of 19 February, Scott passed out and died at the age of 33. He had just visited a London club called the Music Machine (currently known as KOKO). He was left to sleep in a Renault 5 owned by a friend of Scott's, Alistair Kinnear, at 67 Overhill Road in East Dulwich. Later that day, Kinnear found Scott lifeless, and alerted the authorities. Scott was taken to King's College Hospital in Camberwell, where he was pronounced dead on arrival. The chronology of events on 19 February and when exactly Scott was found dead has been challenged by Jesse Fink's 2017 book "Bon: The Last Highway", which quotes UFO guitarist Paul Chapman as having been informed early that morning by Scott's friend Joe Fury that Scott was dead. Kinnear said he found Scott in the evening. Chapman claims Scott and Fury were with him the previous evening of 18 February and Scott left his apartment to buy heroin, never to return.

paragraph: Fink's book also reveals Scott and Kinnear were not alone in East Dulwich but with a third person, Zena Kakoulli, who stayed over at Kinnear's apartment while Scott remained in the parked Renault. An updated edition of Fink's book released in 2018 produces new evidence that a fourth individual, Kakoulli's husband the rock musician Peter Perrett, was also with Scott, Kinnear and Kakoulli. Fink contends that pulmonary aspiration of vomit was the cause of Scott's death via a suspected heroin overdose, but the official cause was listed on the death certificate as "acute alcohol poisoning" and classified as "death by misadventure".

paragraph: As part of the funeral arrangements, Scott's body was embalmed by Desmond Henley; it was later cremated and Scott's ashes were interred by his family at Fremantle Cemetery in Fremantle. Inconsistencies in media accounts of Scott's death, such as an incorrect spelling of Kinnear's first name, have been cited in conspiracy theories, which suggest that Scott was killed by exhaust fumes redirected into the car, or that Kinnear did not exist. The latter has been disproven in "Bon: The Last Highway", with the publication of Kinnear's death certificate, issued by a Spanish court in 2015. Additionally, Scott was asthmatic, and while it has long been believed that the temperature was below freezing on the morning of his death, raising the possibility of hypothermia, Fink's book reveals figures from the Met Office National Meteorological Archive showing that temperatures were in fact above average for that month and not freezing.

paragraph: Shortly after Scott's death, the remaining members of AC/DC briefly considered quitting; however, it was eventually decided that Scott would have wanted them to continue and with the Scott family's encouragement, the band hired Brian Johnson as their new vocalist. Five months after Scott's death, AC/DC finished the work they began with Scott and released "Back in Black" as a tribute to him. The issue of whether Scott's lyrics were used, uncredited, on the album remains an enduring topic of debate. In Fink's "Bon: The Last Highway", Scott's girlfriends Silver Smith (now deceased) and "Holly X" (a pseudonym) both claim Scott wrote the song "You Shook Me All Night Long".

paragraph: Section::::Posthumous releases.

paragraph: AC/DC released a box set entitled "Bonfire" as a tribute to Scott on 18 November 1997. It contains four albums; a remastered version of "Back in Black"; a "rarities" album with alternate takes, outtakes, and stray live cuts, "Volts"; and two live albums, "Live from the Atlantic Studios" and "". "Live from the Atlantic Studios" was recorded on 7 December 1977 at the Atlantic Studios in New York City. "Let There Be Rock: The Movie" is a double album which was recorded on 9 December 1979 at the Pavillon de Paris in Paris, and was the soundtrack of the motion picture, "".

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Landmarks.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Landmarks.:Australia.

paragraph: His grave site has become a cultural landmark; more than 28 years after Scott's death, the National Trust of Australia declared his grave important enough to be included on the list of classified heritage places. It is reportedly the most visited grave in Australia. On 7 July 2006, to mark his 60th birthday, the Metropolitan Cemeteries Board completed refurbishments on the Bon Scott Grave Area. This consisted of a Bon Scott Arch and Memorial Entrance gate off Carrington Street in the north-west corner of Fremantle Cemetery. On 9 July 2006, 60 years to the day from Scott's birth, the bronze plaque was stolen from the site.

paragraph: A bronze statue of Scott was unveiled at Fremantle Fishing Boat Harbour in Western Australia on 24 February 2008. The statue portrays Scott atop a Marshall amplifier.

paragraph: ACDC Lane is a street in the central business district of Melbourne. It was renamed on 1 October 2004 as a tribute to AC/DC. The trademark lightning bolt or slash ("/") used to separate the AC and the DC in the band's name contravened the naming policy of the Office of the Registrar of Geographic Names, so the punctuation was omitted on the street sign. Melbourne's Lord Mayor John So launched ACDC Lane with the words, "As the song says, there is a highway to hell, but this is a laneway to heaven. Let us rock." Bagpipers then played "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)." Those were all songs from Bon Scott era. The lane contains a rock 'n' roll nightclub called the Cherry Bar.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Landmarks.:Scotland.

paragraph: On 6 May 2006, the town of Kirriemuir in Scotland held a service and unveiled a Caithness stone slab commemorating the singer. A message was read from long-time friend and fellow member of The Valentines, Vince Lovegrove in which he said:

paragraph: A life-sized bronze statue of Scott was unveiled by former AC/DC bass player Mark Evans in Bellies Brae Car Park in Kirriemuir on 30 April 2016, during the 10th anniversary of the Bonfest music festival. Kirriemuir hosts an annual festival known as "Bonfest" as a tribute to Bon Scott and AC/DC. It was originally held in July on the weekend closest to his birthday but recently moved to May because of other events in the local area during July. The statue was commissioned by local community group DD8 Music and created by John McKenna.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Accolades, awards and tributes.

paragraph: AC/DC's seventh studio album "Back In Black" was released as a dedication and tribute to Scott.

paragraph: In 2003, Scott was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of AC/DC with his nephews present to accept the honour in his place.

paragraph: In 2003 Scott's final studio album with AC/DC, 1979's "Highway to Hell" ranked 199 on "Rolling Stone"'s "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".

paragraph: In 2004 the song "Highway to Hell" that Scott co-wrote with Malcolm and Angus Young ranked 254 on "Rolling Stone"'s The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

paragraph: In the July 2004 issue of UK magazine "Classic Rock", Scott was rated as number one in a list of the "100 Greatest Frontmen," ahead of Freddie Mercury and Robert Plant.

paragraph: The French rock band Trust wrote their hit song "Ton dernier acte" ("Your last act") in memory of Scott in 1980. German hard rock band Kingdom Come wrote and recorded a song titled "Bon Scott" for their album, "Ain't Crying for the Moon", as a tribute to the former AC/DC frontman. Romanian hard rock group Iris recorded the song "Ultimul mic dejun al lui Bon" ("Bon's Last Breakfast") as a tribute to Scott, released on their 1997 album "Lună plină".

paragraph: Many artists perform live covers of songs that Scott wrote with AC/DC as a tribute to him. On 19 February 2005, the 25th anniversary of Scott's death, thrash metal band Megadeth performed a cover of "Problem Child" as a tribute. Singer and guitarist Dave Mustaine talked about how much Scott had influenced him. Hard rock band Guns N' Roses frequently perform "Whole Lotta Rosie" in concert and covered it in 1987. AC/DC performed their song "Ride On" only one time in 2001 as a tribute to Scott.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Literature.

paragraph: Scott is the subject of five books: Clinton Walker's "Highway to Hell" (1994), his ex-wife Irene Thornton's "My Bon Scott" (2014), the variously-authored "Live Wire" (2015), J.P. Quinton's "historical fiction" "Bad Boy Boogie" (2016), and Jesse Fink's "Bon: The Last Highway" (2017). Fink's book claims that Scott died of a heroin overdose, while Walker backs the coroner's finding of alcohol poisoning. The controversial point that he and Walker both agree on is that a lot of Bon's lyrics were co-opted, uncredited, into "Back in Black".

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AC/DC official website

alias:
Ronald Belford "Bon" Scott
Ronald Belford Scott
00083172187 IPI
00161177386 IPI

description: Australian-British musician

enwikiquote_title: Bon Scott

wikidata_label: Bon Scott

wikipedia_title: Bon Scott


text: Count of Eu

text: Normandy

text: Robert Bourchier, 1st Baron Bourchier

text: Halstead

text: Lord Chancellor

text: feudal baron

text: Little Easton

text: Hengrave Hall

text: Little Easton

text: Godfrey III, Count of Louvain

text: Henry I, Duke of Brabant

text: Bildeston

text: Hopton

text: Shelland

text: Drinkstone

text: Little Easton

text: Broxted

text: Aythorpe Roding

text: Battle of Agincourt

text: Normandy

text: Dieppe

text: Anne of Gloucester

text: Countess of Stafford

text: Edward III

text: Eleanor de Bohun

text: Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford

text: Wrey baronets

text: Royal Arms of England

text: Henry Bourchier

text: 1st Earl of Essex

text: William Bourchier

text: jure uxoris

text: 9th Baron FitzWarin

text: John Bourchier

text: 1st Baron Berners

text: Thomas Bourchier

text: Archbishop of Canterbury

text: Eleanor Bourchier

text: John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

text: Llanthony Priory

text: Vale of Ewyas

text: Monmouthshire

text: Wales

text: Bourchier Family

categories: 1420 deaths,Anglo-Normans,Bourchier family,Norman warriors,Counts of Eu,Burials at Llanthony Priory,15th-century English people,15th-century French people,1386 births

paragraph: William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu

paragraph: William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (1374-28 May 1420), was an English knight created by King Henry V 1st Count of Eu, in Normandy.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was born in 1374, the son of Sir William Bourchier (d.1375), (the younger son of Robert Bourchier, 1st Baron Bourchier (d.1349), of Halstead, Essex, Lord Chancellor) by his wife Eleanor de Louvain (27 March 1345 – 5 October 1397), daughter and heiress of Sir John de Louvain (d.1347) ("alias" Lovayne etc.), feudal baron of Little Easton in Essex. The arms of Louvain were: "Gules billety or a fess of the last", often shown with varying number of billets and on occasion with a "fess argent", for example in stained glass at Hengrave Hall, Suffolk: "Gules, a fess argent, between fourteen billets or". Eleanor was descended from Godfrey de Louvain (d.1226), feudal baron of Little Easton, son of Godfrey III, Count of Louvain (1142-1190), by his 2nd marriage, and half-brother of Henry I, Duke of Brabant (1165-1235). His inheritance from his mother's Louvain lands included the Suffolk manors of Bildeston, Hopton, Shelland and "Lovaynes" in Drinkstone, and in Essex Little Easton, Broxted and Aythorpe Roding.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He fought at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.

paragraph: In 1417 he was in the retinue of King Henry V during his second expedition to France, and played a significant role in the capture of Normandy.

paragraph: In 1419 he was appointed Captain of Dieppe and was granted powers to receive the submission of the town and Comté of Eu. The French count of Eu had refused to pay homage to the conquering English king and thus had been held prisoner in England since Agincourt. In June 1419 King Henry V awarded six captured French comtés to certain of his more significant English supporters, and the Comté of Eu was granted to William Bourchier, thus making him 1st Count of Eu.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage & progeny.

paragraph: He married Anne of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford, the daughter of the Plantagenet prince, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (1355-1397) (youngest son of King Edward III) by his wife Eleanor de Bohun elder daughter and coheiress of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341-1373), Earl of Essex and Northampton. The Wrey baronets who were the heirs of the Bourchier Earls of Bath quartered the arms of Wrey with those of Bourchier, the Royal Arms of England and Bohun. They had the following progeny:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (1404 – 4 April 1483), eldest son

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Bourchier, (25 Oct 1415-1474), "jure uxoris" 9th Baron FitzWarin, 2nd son.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Bourchier, 1st Baron Berners (c.1416 – 16 May 1474), 3rd son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Bourchier, (ca. 1418 – 30 March 1486), Archbishop of Canterbury and a cardinal, 4th son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor Bourchier, (ca. 1417 – November, 1474), wife of John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

paragraph: Section::::Death & burial.

paragraph: He died at Troyes, France on 28 May 1420 and was buried at Llanthony Priory, Vale of Ewyas, Monmouthshire, Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woodger, L.S., biography of Sir William Bourchier, published in The History of Parliament: House of Commons 1386-1421, ed. J.S. Roskell, L. Clark, C. Rawcliffe, 1993

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bourchier Family

description: was 1st Count of Eu, in Normandy

wikidata_label: William Bourchier

wikipedia_title: William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu


text: née

text: Château de

text: Belœil

text: Antoine, 13th Prince de Ligne

text: Princess Alix of Luxembourg

text: Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma

text: noble

text: mediatized

text: Alix

text: Grand Duke Jean

text: John VI of Portugal

text: Pedro I of Brazil

text: Prince Antonio of Orléans-Braganza

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria

text: Air France Flight 447

text: Brussels

text: Spearman

text: Perth

text: Madrid

text: House of Braganza

text: Order of Saint Isabel

categories: 1955 births,Ligne,Dames of the Order of Saint Isabel,House of Orléans-Braganza,Princesses of Ligne,Living people

paragraph: Princess Christine of Orléans-Braganza

paragraph: Princess Christine of Orléans-Braganza (née "Princess Christine de Ligne"; born 11 August 1955 at Château de Belœil), is the daughter of Antoine, 13th Prince de Ligne and Princess Alix of Luxembourg. She is the maternal granddaughter of Charlotte, Grand Duchess Regnant of Luxembourg and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma.

paragraph: Her father was head of one of Belgium's foremost noble families, mediatized in 1803. Her mother, Princess Alix (1929–2019), was the sister of former Grand Duke Jean. Through her mother, Princess Christine is a descendant in the fifth generation of King John VI of Portugal and is a great-grand niece of Brazil's first emperor, Pedro I of Brazil.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Marriage and children.

paragraph: In 1981, she married Prince Antonio of Orléans-Braganza (born 24 June 1950 in Rio de Janeiro), son of Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria. The civil ceremony took place on September 25 and the religious ceremony on September 26, both at Belœil.

paragraph: They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince "Pedro Luiz" Maria José Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (12 January 1983 in Rio de Janeiro – 1 June 2009), he was a passenger on the Air France Flight 447, which crashed into the ocean while traveling from Rio de Janeiro to Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess "Amélia" Maria de Fátima Josefa Antônia Miguela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (born 15 March 1984 in Brussels), married on 14 July 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Alexander "James" Spearman (born 27 March 1984 in Perth), son of Lochain Alexander Spearman and Pilar Garrigues y Carnicer. They have two sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander "Joaquim" Pedro Spearman (born 30 August 2016 in Madrid)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nicholas" Rafael William Spearman (born 20 February 2018 in Madrid)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince "Rafael" Antonio Maria José Francisco Miguel Gabriel Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (born 24 April 1986 in Rio de Janeiro)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess "Maria Gabriela" Josefa Fernanda Iolanda Miguela Rafaela Gonzaga of Orléans-Bragança (born 8 June 1989 in Rio de Janeiro)

paragraph: Section::::Dynastic honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Braganza : Dame of the Order of Saint Isabel (27/10/2012).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://membres.lycos.fr/behgnam2/ligne-b.htm

description: Belgian princess

wikidata_label: Princess Christine of Orléans-Braganza

wikipedia_title: Princess Christine of Orléans-Braganza


text:
baseball
pitcher
Cleveland Indians
Major League Baseball
San Diego Padres
submarine
Puyallup High School
Puyallup, Washington
University of Washington
college baseball
University of San Francisco
San Diego Padres
2013 Major League Baseball draft
Eugene Emeralds
Lake Elsinore Storm
San Antonio Missions
El Paso Chihuahuas
Brad Hand
Cleveland Indians
Francisco Mejía
intentional walk
Seattle Mariners

categories: Cleveland Indians players,San Francisco Dons baseball players,Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon,Baseball players from Oregon,San Antonio Missions players,San Diego Padres players,El Paso Chihuahuas players,1990 births,Lake Elsinore Storm players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Eugene Emeralds players

paragraph: Adam Cimber

paragraph: Adam Christian Cimber (born August 15, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the San Diego Padres. Cimber is one of only a few Major League pitchers to throw submarine pitches.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After graduating from Puyallup High School in Puyallup, Washington, he enrolled at the University of Washington where he played college baseball from 2010-2012, compiling a 9-8 record and 4.15 ERA in 73 appearances. He then transferred to the University of San Francisco where he spent the 2013 season, posting a 6-3 record and 3.74 ERA in 57 innings.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:San Diego Padres.

paragraph: Cimber was drafted by the San Diego Padres in the ninth round of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft. He signed and spent 2013 with the Eugene Emeralds where he was 3-1 with a 2.56 ERA in 28 relief appearances. In 2014, he played for the Lake Elsinore Storm where he pitched to a 5-3 record, 2.90 ERA, and 1.15 WHIP in 52 games, and in 2015, he pitched for both the San Antonio Missions and El Paso Chihuahuas where he posted a combined 4-2 record and 3.05 ERA in 46 total games between both teams. Cimber spent 2016 with both San Antonio and El Paso where he was 3-3 with a 3.77 ERA in 46 games and 2017 with the same two teams, going 5-2 with a 2.90 ERA with an 0.90 WHIP in 80.2 innings pitched.

paragraph: Cimber made the San Diego's Opening Day roster in 2018 and he made his major league debut on March 29, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Cleveland Indians.

paragraph: On July 19, 2018, Cimber was traded, along with Brad Hand, to the Cleveland Indians for Francisco Mejía. He finished his 2018 season with a 3-8 record and a 3.42 ERA in seventy relief appearances, and shared the major league lead in intentional walks, with nine, while he had a total of only 17 walks.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Cimber grew up a Seattle Mariners fan.

description: baseball player (1990-)

wikidata_label: Adam Cimber

wikipedia_title: Adam Cimber


text:
Kamba
Kenya
Mount Kenya
Johann Ludwig Krapf
Johannes Rebmann

paragraph: Chief Kivoi Mwendwa

paragraph: Chief Kivoi Mwendwa (born in the 1780s) was a Kamba long Distance trader who lived in the present day Kitui. Kivoi is associated with guiding missionaries into the interior of the present day Kenya after he guided Rebmann and Krapf in to discovering Mount Kenya.

paragraph: He met the Europeans in Mombasa and traveled with them into Ukambani where the German missionaries Johann Ludwig Krapf and Johannes Rebmann of the Anglican Church Missionary Society (CMS), in 1849 became the first white people to see Mount Kenya.

paragraph: At that time, Kitui was the home of Kivoi and he had several other possessions along his caravan route.

paragraph: Chief Kivoi commanded a large following which included slaves, and it was he who met the missionaries in Mombasa, and guided them to Kitui where - on December 3, 1849 - they became the first Europeans to set eyes on Mount Kenya.

paragraph: Back in Europe, their reports of snow on the equatorial mountain were met with disbelief and ridicule for many years after

paragraph: Chief Kivoi interacted with Arabs in the coast and Voi town was named after him because that was one of his stop overs towns where caravans settled before entered into the coastal town of Mombasa. According locals of Voi Town, Kivoi settled along Voi River in the mid 1800s.

paragraph: His actual birth date is unknown as is not recorded but he its believed to have lived between 1780s to 19 August 1852. His descendants are not known in historical context but he was adversely mentioned by Dr. Ludwig Krapf in his Mission to Africa.

paragraph: According to Dr. Ludwig Krapf, he was killed together with his immediate followers after his caravan was attacked by robbers in the second expedition in Tana River 2 miles from Yatta.

paragraph: According to his diary entry Ludwig Krapf says,

paragraph: 'This expedition proved most calamitous, and, as already mentioned, Krapf's "escape with life was a marvel.'

paragraph: 'When within a mile or two of the Dana, the party was suddenly attacked by robbers. The greater part of the caravan was instantly dispersed, Kivoi's people flying in all directions; Kivoi himself was killed with his immediate followers; Krapf fired his gun twice, but into the air, "for," said he, "I could not bring myself to shed the blood of man;" and then he found himself in the bash, separated from both friend and foe, and flying in what he supposed to be the best direction.'

paragraph: After the death of Chief Kivoi, Ludwig Krapf was accused of causing his death and the Akamba condemned him to die also. At midnight he managed to escape, and fled in the direction of Yatta. His perils were now greater than before, as he was in an inhabited country, and feared to travel by day lest he should be detected and murdered, while at night he frequently missed his way, and in the dense darkness of the forests his compass was of little use.

wikidata_label: Chief Kivoi Mwendwa

wikipedia_title: Chief Kivoi Mwendwa


text:
Urdu
Pakistan
Pakistan Television Corporation
Hyderabad State
Gulbarga
Aurangabad
Karachi
independence of Pakistan
PIB Colony
Fatima Surayya Bajia
Zehra Nigah
Chief Secretary Sindh
Zubaida Tariq
Bilal Maqsood
rock
Strings
Pakistan Television Corporation
Pakistani
Bushra Ansari
Moin Akhter
Pride of Performance
Government of Pakistan
Hilal-e-Imtiaz
President of Pakistan
4th Pakistan Media Awards
Hum TV
List of authors
List of English novelists
List of novelists
List of playwrights
List of short story writers
List of Lollywood actors
Fatima Surayya Bajia
Zubaida Tariq
Zehra Nigah

categories: Urdu scholars,Maqsood family,Pakistani humorists,1935 births,Hum Award winners,Male actors from Karachi,Writers from Karachi,Pakistani lyricists,Pakistani people of Hyderabadi descent,Pakistani television writers,Pakistani male television actors,Pakistani television hosts,Recipients of the Pride of Performance,Pakistani writers,Pakistani dramatists and playwrights,Male television writers,Living people,Urdu humorists

paragraph: Anwar Maqsood

paragraph: Anwar Maqsood Hameedi انوار مقصود حمیدی (Urdu:) popularly known as Anwar Maqsood is a Pakistani scriptwriter, television host, satirist, humorist, and infrequent actor. He is well known for his drama write-ups for Pakistan Television Corporation in the late 1970s and 1980s.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Anwar Maqsood was born on 7 September 1935, in Hyderabad State. He studied at the Gulbarga Trust School in Aurangabad. His large family migrated to Karachi in 1948, after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. His childhood years were spent in PIB Colony, Karachi with his siblings and family. Maqsood belongs to a prominent family of Pakistan and some of his siblings are well known in their own right: his sister, Fatima Surayya Bajia was a well-known writer in Pakistan and South Asia whose marriage ended early in divorce. She then chose to play a key role in the upbringing of her nine young brothers and sisters and became a maternal figure to them. Another sister Zehra Nigah, is a relatively well-known poet. One of his brothers, Ahmed Maqsood, is a former Chief Secretary Sindh; and his sister Zubaida Tariq was a cooking expert and chef. His wife, Imrana Maqsood is a known novelist and his son, Bilal Maqsood is a rock artist, lead guitarist and vocalist of the former rock band "Strings". He has one daughter.۔ A book on the life and work of Anwar Maqsood titled Uljhey Suljhey Anwar الجھے سلجھے انور was written by his wife, Imrana Maqsood.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Anwar Maqsood has been associated for many years with Pakistan Television Corporation where he served as a presenter for a variety of their television programs including "Studio Dhai" and then "Studio Ponayteen" along with "Show Sha" and various other shows.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Maqsood is often regarded as one of the leading Pakistani satirist/writer as well as highly respected in social and showbiz industry of Pakistan. Anwar Maqsood is often given credit for encouraging talented television actors like Bushra Ansari and Moin Akhter. He wrote various successful plays for television industry, including:

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pride of Performance Award by the Government of Pakistan in 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Crescent of Excellence) Award by the President of Pakistan in 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lifetime Achievement Honour at 4th Pakistan Media Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lifetime Achievement Award at Hum TV Awards ceremony

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of authors

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of English novelists

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of novelists

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of playwrights

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of short story writers

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Lollywood actors

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fatima Surayya Bajia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zubaida Tariq

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zehra Nigah

description: Pakistani writer

wikidata_label: Anwar Maqsood

wikipedia_title: Anwar Maqsood


text:
Huizen
Dutch
snowboarder
2014 Winter Olympics
Sochi

categories: Snowboarders at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Olympic snowboarders of the Netherlands,1987 births,People from Huizen,Dutch male snowboarders,Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Dolf van der Wal

paragraph: Dolf van der Wal (born 21 July 1987, Huizen) is a Dutch snowboarder. He has competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

description: Dutch snowboarder

wikidata_label: Dolf van der Wal

wikipedia_title: Dolf van der Wal


text:
Slovenia
cross-country skier
2014 Winter Olympics
Sochi
International Ski Federation (FIS)

categories: Slovenian female cross-country skiers,Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Sportspeople from Kranj,Tour de Ski skiers,1989 births,Olympic cross-country skiers of Slovenia,Living people,Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Alenka Čebašek

paragraph: Alenka Čebašek (born 24 April 1989) is a Slovenian cross-country skier. She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

paragraph: Section::::World Cup results.

paragraph: All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

description: Slovenian cross-country skier

wikidata_label: Alenka Čebašek

wikipedia_title: Alenka Čebašek


categories: Slovenian female cross-country skiers,Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics,1993 births,Olympic cross-country skiers of Slovenia,Living people,Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Nika Razinger

paragraph: Nika Razinger (born 5 October 1993) is a Slovenian cross-country skier. She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

paragraph: Section::::World Cup results.

description: Slovenian cross-country skier

wikidata_label: Nika Razinger

wikipedia_title: Nika Razinger


text:
Swiss
snowboarder
Switzerland
2014 Winter Olympics
Sochi
2018 Winter Olympics
Pyongchang

categories: Snowboarders at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Snowboarders at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Olympic snowboarders of Switzerland,1994 births,Swiss male snowboarders,Living people

paragraph: Jan Scherrer

paragraph: Jan Scherrer (born 11 July 1994) is a Swiss snowboarder. He is a two-time Olympian representing Switzerland at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyongchang.

description: Swiss snowboarder

wikidata_label: Jan Scherrer

wikipedia_title: Jan Scherrer


text:
South Korea
snowboarder
2014 Winter Olympics
Sochi

categories: Competitors at the 2009 Winter Universiade,Snowboarders at the 2014 Winter Olympics,South Korean male snowboarders,Universiade silver medalists for South Korea,Olympic snowboarders of South Korea,Sportspeople from Seoul,Snowboarders at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Universiade medalists in snowboarding,1990 births,Snowboarders at the 2017 Asian Winter Games,Competitors at the 2011 Winter Universiade,Snowboarders at the 2007 Asian Winter Games,Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Kim Ho-jun (snowboarder)

paragraph: Kim Ho-jun (born 1 May 1990) is a South Korean snowboarder. He is a participant at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

description: snowboarder

wikidata_label: Kim Ho-jun

wikipedia_title: Kim Ho-jun (snowboarder)


text:
Glasgow
bishop
Diocese of Paisley
Scotland
Pope Francis
Bishop of Paisley
Cowcaddens
Wyndford
Macclesfield
Cheshire
England
University of Glasgow
Bachelor of Laws
Pontifical Scots College
Pontifical Gregorian University
Rome
Italy
Bachelor of Theology
ordained
priesthood
Thomas Winning
King's Park, Glasgow
chaplain
Holyrood Secondary School
philosophy
Scotus College
Bearsden
episcopal
Archbishop Tartaglia
parish priest
Anderston
Archdiocese of Glasgow
St Mirin's Cathedral
Paisley
Feast of Saint Joseph
Philip Tartaglia
Glasgow
Leo Cushley
St Andrews and Edinburgh
John Mone
emeritus
motto
Magnificat

categories: 1964 births,Scottish people of Irish descent,Bishops of Paisley,Scottish Roman Catholic priests,British Roman Catholics,People from Glasgow,Alumni of the University of Glasgow,Post-Reformation Roman Catholic bishops in Scotland,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,Scottish Roman Catholics,Living people

paragraph: John Keenan (bishop)

paragraph: John Keenan (born 19 December 1964, in Glasgow) is the bishop of the Diocese of Paisley in Scotland. His appointment by Pope Francis was announced on 8 February 2014. He is the fifth Bishop of Paisley.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: John Keenan, one of the five children of Joseph and Philomena Keenan, was born in Glasgow where he was baptised at St Joseph's Church, Cowcaddens. He was educated at St Gregory's Primary School in the Wyndford area of the city before going on to the Salesian Missionary College, Shrigley Hall near Macclesfield, Cheshire, England where he received his secondary education. In 1984 he matriculated at the University of Glasgow where he read law, graduating with First Class Honours, as Bachelor of Laws in 1988. From 1988 until 1995 he received his priestly formation at the Pontifical Scots College and the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, Italy, graduating as Bachelor of Theology with licentiate in philosophy.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: John Keenan was ordained to the priesthood by Cardinal Thomas Winning on 9 July 1995. Thereafter he was appointed to the parish of Christ the King in King's Park, Glasgow where he served until 2000. From 1997 until 2000 he was also chaplain to Holyrood Secondary School in Glasgow. Between 1995 and 2005 he lectured in philosophy at Scotus College, Bearsden. In 2000 he was appointed chaplain to the Catholic students and staff of the University of Glasgow, a post he held until his episcopal ordination. A few months prior to his Episcopal Ordination he was appointed by Archbishop Tartaglia

paragraph: to be parish priest of St Patrick's Church in the Anderston district of Glasgow and Vocations Director for the Archdiocese of Glasgow.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.

paragraph: John Keenan was consecrated bishop in St Mirin's Cathedral, Paisley on 19 March 2014, the Feast of Saint Joseph by Archbishop Philip Tartaglia of Glasgow. The principal co-consecrating bishops were Archbishop Leo Cushley of St Andrews and Edinburgh and Bishop John Mone emeritus Bishop of Paisley. Bishop Keenan has taken as his episcopal motto the words "Suscepit servum recordatus misericordiae" (He protects his servant remembering his mercy) inspired by the Magnificat.

description: British bishop

wikidata_label: John Keenan

wikipedia_title: John Keenan (bishop)


text:
Italian
University of Naples
well
penicillin
Alexander Fleming
Penicillin - Discovery

categories: Italian military doctors,1869 births,1915 deaths

paragraph: Vincenzo Tiberio

paragraph: Vincenzo Tiberio (May 1, 1869 – January 7, 1915) was an Italian researcher and medical officer of the Medical Corps of the Italian Navy and physician at the University of Naples. During his medical studies at the Faculty of Medicine in Naples he noticed that when the walls of a well which supplied drinking water was cleaned off, the people who drank the well’s water complained of intestinal disorders. After further research he published a paper in 1895 on the antibacterial power of some extracts of mold, making him one of several researchers whose work on a mold/antibiotic connection anticipated the discovery of the drug penicillin by Alexander Fleming thirty-five years later (see: Penicillin - Discovery). At the time, his work was disregarded as coincidence and received no further study.

description: Italian physician

wikidata_label: Vincenzo Tiberio

wikipedia_title: Vincenzo Tiberio


text:
Duke of Gandia
Alfonso of Aragon and Foix
Crown of Aragon
Caspe Compromise
Jaime II of Aragon
Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba
Ducal Palace of Gandía
Alfonso of Aragon and Foix
Dukes of Gandía
Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba
Historia del condado de Ribagorza

categories: House of Aragon,Ribagorza,Dukes of Spain,Counts of Spain,Dukes of Gandía,1422 deaths,Marquesses of Villena,1358 births

paragraph: Alfonso II, Duke of Gandia

paragraph: Alfonso of Aragon and Eiximenis, also known as Alfonso II of Gandia "the young" or Alfonso V of Ribagorza (c. 1358 – 31 August 1422) Duke of Gandia, count of Denia and count of Ribagorza, was the son of Alfonso of Aragon and Foix and his wife Violante Jimenez.

paragraph: He married María of Navarra, daughter of Carlos II of Navarre, on January 20, 1393 in Tudela, Navarra. After her death, he contracted a second marriage with Violant of Villafeliche. He had no legitimate children but a son out of wedlock named Jaime of Aragon, whom his father inherited with the barony of Arenós and other places.

paragraph: He was pretender to the throne of the Crown of Aragon during the Caspe Compromise after the death of his father claiming a better right to the throne being descendant by King Jaime II of Aragon male straight, but had very little support and finished the final vote without any vote in his favor. He fought beside Fernando of Antequera, who was elected King of Aragon, during the siege of Balaguer when Jaime II of Urgell, one of the pretenders to the throne, revolted against King Ferdinand, blocking the city portal of Lleida, and negotiating the surrender of the rebels.

paragraph: Alfonso "the younger" prompted the construction of important monuments such as the Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba and the Ducal Palace of Gandía, which were formerly initiated by his father Alfonso of Aragon and Foix, "the old".

paragraph: On his death without legitimate descendants came a lawsuit by the succession of their territories, which was resolved temporarily giving Gandia to Hugo Cardona and Ribagorza. A few years later, in 1433, Hugo de Cardona Juan II of Aragon must cede the Duchy of Gandia the infant Juan of Aragon, future. In this way they returned to join the titles of Duke of Gandia and count of Ribagorza.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dukes of Gandía

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iglesias Costa, Manuel (2001). Historia del condado de Ribagorza. . Huesca: Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses: Diputación de Huesca. .

wikidata_label: Alfonso of Aragon the Young

wikipedia_title: Alfonso II, Duke of Gandia


text:
Dutch
politician
alderman
Democrats 66
House of Representatives
Amsterdam
alderman
Hilversum
Parlement.com biography

categories: People from Hellendoorn,Democrats 66 politicians,Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands),2014 deaths,Aldermen of Amsterdam,Municipal councillors of Amsterdam,Mayors of Hilversum,1946 births

paragraph: Ernst Bakker

paragraph: Ernst Carel Bakker (16 April 1946 – 8 February 2014) was a Dutch politician, alderman and member of the Democrats 66 political party. He served as a member of the House of Representatives from 1981 to 1982. He joined the Amsterdam City Council in 1990 before becoming a city alderman beginning in 1992. Bakker relocated to Hilversum in 1998 to become Mayor, a position he held until his retirement in 2011.

paragraph: Bakker died on 8 February 2014 in Hilversum, at the age of 67.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parlement.com biography

description: Dutch politician

wikidata_label: Ernst Bakker

wikipedia_title: Ernst Bakker


text:
Leicestershire County Cricket Club
London County Cricket Club
Yorkshire County Cricket Club
Bradford
Ashford United
Cricinfo

categories: Association footballers not categorized by position,Ashford United F.C. players,Gentlemen of England cricketers,Northamptonshire cricketers,1875 births,Leicestershire cricketers,English cricketers,North v South cricketers,London County cricketers,Gentlemen cricketers,Leicestershire cricket captains,1960 deaths,Sportspeople from Northampton

paragraph: Cecil Wood (English cricketer)

paragraph: Cecil John Burditt Wood (21 November 1875) was a first-class cricketer who played for Leicestershire County Cricket Club and London County Cricket Club. He is one of just six players in the first-class history to carry his bat twice in the same match.

paragraph: Making his debut in 1896, he scored 23,879 runs as an opening batsman at an average of 31.05, made in 456 first-class matches. His best score was 225. He took 172 wickets with his right arm slow bowling at 39.43 and took 180 catches in the field. He carried his bat through both innings against Yorkshire County Cricket Club at Bradford in 1911, and completed the feat 17 times in all. He hit 1,000 runs in a season 13 times, going on to 2,000 runs in 1901.

paragraph: A coal merchant by trade, he also captained Leicestershire in a career which ultimately spanned to 1923. He was the Leicestershire Secretary in 1940 and 1941.

paragraph: He was also a good soccer player, playing for Leicester Fosse and Ashford United.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cricinfo

description: English cricketer

wikidata_label: Cecil Wood

wikipedia_title: Cecil Wood (English cricketer)


text: mountaineer

text: Lyon, France

text: 1950 French Annapurna expedition

text: a peak over 8000m

text: Annapurna

text: Louis Lachenal

text: best-selling book about the expedition

text: Louis Lachenal

text: a peak over 8000m

text: Himalayan

text: Annapurna

text: Gold Medal

text: Société de Géographie

text: Edmund Hillary

text: Tenzing Norgay

text: Gaston Rébuffat

text: Lionel Terray

text: frostbite

text: gangrene

text: amputation

text: Chris Bonington

text: Annapurna

text: Gaston Rébuffat

text: David Roberts

text: Minister of Youth and Sport

text: Chamonix-Mont-Blanc

text: International Olympic Committee

text: Legion d'Honneur

text: Croix de Guerre

text: HEC Paris

categories: Deputies of the 4th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic,Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic,Union of Democrats for the Republic politicians,Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes,2012 deaths,French mountain climbers,Deputies of the 5th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic,Mayors of places in France,International Olympic Committee members,Sportspeople from Lyon,Union for the New Republic politicians,Government ministers of France,Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic,1919 births,HEC Paris alumni,French military personnel of World War II,Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur,French Resistance members

paragraph: Maurice Herzog

paragraph: Maurice Herzog (15 January 1919 – 13 December 2012) was a French mountaineer and administrator who was born in Lyon, France. He led the 1950 French Annapurna expedition that first climbed a peak over 8000m, Annapurna, in 1950, and reached the summit with Louis Lachenal. Upon his return, he wrote a best-selling book about the expedition.

paragraph: Section::::Ascent of Annapurna I: a historic exploit.

paragraph: On 3 June 1950, Herzog and Louis Lachenal became the first climbers in modern history to climb a peak over 8000m when, on the 1950 French Annapurna expedition, they summited the Himalayan mountain Annapurna I, the 10th-highest mountain in the world. The ascent was all the more remarkable because the peak was explored, reconnoitered and climbed all within one season; and was climbed without the use of supplemental oxygen. It is also the only 8000 meter summit that was reached at the first attempt. Herzog was awarded the 1950 Gold Medal of the Société de Géographie.

paragraph: The event caused a huge sensation that was only matched when Everest was summited in 1953 by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.

paragraph: The two-week retreat from the peak proved very challenging. Both climbers had opted for light boots for the summit dash. This, combined with Herzog losing his gloves near the summit and a night spent bivouacked in a crevasse on the descent with one sleeping bag for four climbers (Lachenal, Gaston Rébuffat, Lionel Terray, and Herzog) resulted in severe frostbite, with consequent gangrene requiring the expedition doctor to perform emergency amputations in the field. Both summit climbers lost all of their toes and Herzog most of his fingers.

paragraph: Annapurna was not climbed again until 1970, when the French north face route was climbed by a British Army expedition, simultaneously with an ascent of the south face by an expedition led by British climber Chris Bonington. The mountain's fourth ascent was not until 1977.

paragraph: Section::::Book.

paragraph: Herzog's account of the expedition was published first in 1951 in French, then in English in 1952 under the title "Annapurna". The book has sold over 11 million copies as of 2000, more than any other mountaineering title. Ending with the stirring line "there are other Annapurnas in the lives of men" (in the context of the book, an exhortation to answer the challenges that life offers), the book gave an account of the expedition that established Herzog's climbing reputation and inspired a generation of mountaineers.

paragraph: Section::::Controversy over his account of the ascent.

paragraph: Some aspects of Herzog's account of the summit day have been called into question with the publication of other members’ accounts of the expedition, most significantly by a biography of Gaston Rébuffat and the posthumous publication, in 1996, of Lachenal's contemporaneous journals. The 2000 book "True Summit: What Really Happened on the Legendary Ascent of Annapurna" by David Roberts gives one view of the controversy.

paragraph: Section::::Other achievements.

paragraph: Herzog went on to become the French Minister of Youth and Sport from 1958 to 1963, and mayor of the alpine town of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc. He was a member of the International Olympic Committee for 25 years from 1970, and has an honorary member after 1995. He was a Grand Officer of the Legion d'Honneur and holder of the Croix de Guerre for military service 1939–45.

paragraph: Herzog was a 1944 graduate of the French business school HEC Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (first American printing)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (current American edition)

paragraph: Section::::Related books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (current English edition - original French edition 1961)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary: David Roberts, Pioneering French Climber and Author Maurice Herzog Dies

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1951_files/AJ58%201951%20155-168%20Herzog%20Annapurna.pdf

description: French mountaineer and politician

wikidata_label: Maurice Herzog

wikipedia_title: Maurice Herzog


text:
philosopher
technological evolution
Prague
Socialism with a human face
Prague Spring
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
World War II
Nazis
tuberculosis
History of technology
Information Revolution
Sociocultural evolution
Czech Philosophy in the XXth Century
sds.cz/...
"TECHNOLOGY AND CZECH PHILOSOPHY"

categories: 1983 deaths,20th-century philosophers,1924 births

paragraph: Radovan Richta

paragraph: Radovan Richta (June 6, 1924 – July 21, 1983) was a Czech philosopher who coined the term technological evolution; a theory about how societies diminish physical labour by increasing mental labour. Richta was born in Prague.

paragraph: Richta's first work was "Člověk a technika v revoluci našich dnů" ("Man and Technology in the Revolution of Our Day"), published in 1963. This work did much to bring the concept of technology into the forefront of philosophical thought during the 1960s. Richta then went on to publish "Civilizace na rozcestí" ("Civilization at the Crossroads") in 1966. "Crossroads" was a compilation work published by 60 authors (including and led by Richta) that "attempt[ed] to analyze the social and human implications of the scientific and technological revolution". The concepts touched on in "Crossroads" are considered by some philosophical historians to be very ground-breaking for their time.

paragraph: Richta developed the famous term of "Socialism with a human face" serving as a motto of the Prague Spring period. He became the director of the Institute for Philosophy and Sociology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences ("ČSAV - Československá akademie věd") in 1969 - 1982.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: During World War II, Richta organized a resistance movement against the Nazis, and his organization became part of the communist resistance in the critical moment of the worst persecution (or man-hunting). Richta was arrested and held prisoner for several months. He was saved by the Swiss Red Cross when they collected prisoners with the worst cases of tuberculosis and extracted them to Switzerland. Shortly after the rescue Ritcha's former fellow prisoners were executed on May 2, 1945.

paragraph: After the war Richta became quite ill, and beginning in 1958 he periodically spent time in sanatoria. In between bouts of sickness, and in a compromise with his doctors who prescribed complete bed rest, Richta studied and worked very hard.

paragraph: In the 1960s Richta took on the role of the leader of an interdisciplinary research team. In 1963 they released their first works - "Člověk a technika v revoluci našich dnů" ("Man and technology in the revolution of our days") and "Komunismus a proměny lidského života" (K povaze humanismu naší doby) ("Communism and changes of human life. To the nature of humanism of our time").

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. (1963) "Člověk a technika v revoluci našich dnů" ("Man and technology in the revolution of our days"); Published by Czechoslovak society "for the dissemination of political and scientific knowledge" in Prague.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. (1963) "Komunismus a proměny lidského života (K povaze humanismu naší doby)" ("Communism and changes of human life. To the nature of humanism of our time"); Part 1 of Richta's PhD dissertation, published by Czechoslovak society "for the dissemination of political and scientific knowledge".

paragraph: BULLET::::3. (1969) "Civilizace na rozcestí - společenské a lidské souvislosti vědecko-technické revoluce" ("Civilization at the crossroads - the social and human context of scientific-technical revolution") (Collective work). Published by Liberty in Prague, 1st edition 1966, 2nd edition 1967, 3rd edition 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. (1971) "Vědecko-technická revoluce a socialismus" ("Scientific-technological revolution and socialism"); (R. Richta - J. Filipec).

paragraph: BULLET::::5. (1974) "Člověk - věda - technika. K marxisticko - leninské analýze VTR" Kolektivní práce pod vedením B. M. Kedrova, R. Richty, S. P. Odujeva ("Man-science-technology. The Marxist-Leninist analysis of STR"; Collective work under leadership of Kedrov, Richta, Odujev." STR = Scientific-technological revolution)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. (1967) "Vědecko-technická revoluce a marxismus" ("Scientific-technological revolution and marxism"); Published in monthly issues of peace and socialism - 1.

paragraph: BULLET::::7. "Ekonomika jako civilizační dimenze" ("Economy as a dimension of civilization"); Contribution for the Proceedings of the Institute of Economic Sciences (K. Kouba). Resource No. 42 team in an interdisciplinary FU Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: BULLET::::8. (1968) "Vědecko-technická revoluce a alternativy moderní civilizace" ("Scientific-technological revolution and the alternatives of modern civilization"); Published in the journal Sociological č.5/1968.

paragraph: BULLET::::9. (1975) "Krize perspektiv buržoazní společnosti" ("The crisis of the perspectives of the bourgeois society") Abbreviated as printed in the monthly New Idea No. 1 / 1975.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of technology

paragraph: BULLET::::- Information Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sociocultural evolution

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Czech Philosophy in the XXth Century, an essay outlining the meaning and consequences of Richta's writing (see Chapter 13).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Civilizace na rozcestí", oniline: sds.cz/..., complete text of "Crossroads", according to the first edition (Svoboda, Prague 1966) - in Czech

paragraph: BULLET::::- "TECHNOLOGY AND CZECH PHILOSOPHY"

description: Czech academic and philosopher

wikidata_label: Radovan Richta

wikipedia_title: Radovan Richta


text: The Hague

text: television announcer

text: television presenter

text: 1970 Eurovision Song Contest

text: 1972 contests

text: The Hague

text: beautician

text: Nederlandse Omroep Stichting

text: TROS

text: Eurovision Song Contest

text: Amsterdam

text: Nationaal Songfestival

text: Linda de Mol

text: gossip magazine

text: "Story"

text: Wim T. Schippers

text: Olst

text: Heerlen

categories: Dutch television presenters,Living people,1944 births

paragraph: Willy Dobbe

paragraph: Willy Dobbe (born 2 January 1944 in The Hague) is a Dutch television announcer and former television presenter. She was the host of the 1970 Eurovision Song Contest and also presented the Dutch national finals for the 1971 and 1972 contests.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Dobbe was born in The Hague and obtained a degree as beautician. In 1967 she joined the broadcaster Nederlandse Omroep Stichting and became a television announcer, which she remained for 5 years before moving to the TROS in 1972.

paragraph: In 1970, Dobbe was asked to host the Eurovision Song Contest in Amsterdam. She maintained her Eurovision connection for two more years, when she hosted the Nationaal Songfestival consecutively in 1971 and 1972. Dobbe also presented programmes such as School TV, WK Allround Dancing, and, most notably, Zevensprong. She remained associated with TV for the next two decades and retired in 1989, to make way for Linda de Mol.

paragraph: Twice during her career, Dobbe was featured in the Dutch gossip magazine "Story". Dutch director Wim T. Schippers created a fictional "Willy Dobbe plantsoen" (Willy Dobbe park) that figured in several of his satirical programs. In 1997, a real park was named after her in Olst, with Dobbe and Schippers both being present at its opening.

paragraph: Heerlen has been her domicile for most of her life.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters

description: Dutch television presenter

wikidata_label: Willy Dobbe

wikipedia_title: Willy Dobbe


text:
Niccolò Ludovisi
Pope Innocent X
Pope Gregory XV
Orazio Ludovisi
Lavinia Albergati
Olimpia Aldobrandini
Ippolita
Giovan Battista Ludovisi
Isabella Appiani
Ippolita

categories: 18th-century women rulers,Princesses of Piombino,1656 births,Principality of Piombino,1700 deaths,17th-century Italian nobility

paragraph: Olimpia Ludovisi

paragraph: Olimpia Ludovisi (1656 – 27 November 1700) was the eldest daughter of Niccolò Ludovisi and his third wife Costanza Pamphili. Through her mother she was the grand-niece of Pope Innocent X and through her father she was the grand-niece of Pope Gregory XV. Her paternal grandparents were Orazio Ludovisi and his wife Lavinia Albergati. Her cousin was Olimpia Aldobrandini.

paragraph: Unlike her two sisters Lavinia and Ippolita, Olimpia did not marry, instead she dedicated her life to the church as nun. In 1699, Olimpia's older brother Giovan Battista Ludovisi died and left his estate to his newborn son Niccolo. However, the young child died 1700 and Olimpia succeeded being the closest surviving paternal relative.

paragraph: Olimpia inherited all fiefs including Piombino. She was only the second ever Princess of Piombino to rule in her own right after Isabella Appiani. Olimpia remained a nun after her accession.

paragraph: Olimpia only reigned for several months until she died on 27 November 1700. As she left no children, the succession passed to her only surviving sibling Ippolita.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mauro Carrara, Signori e principi di Piombino, Bandecchi & Vivaldi, Pontedera 1996.

description: 17th-century Italian nobility

wikidata_label: Olimpia Ludovisi

wikipedia_title: Olimpia Ludovisi


text:
Count of Dreux
John II of Dreux
Peronelle de Sully
Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
Philip V of France
Marie d'Enghien
Braine
John III of Dreux

categories: Counts of Dreux,House of Dreux,1293 births,1329 deaths

paragraph: Robert V, Count of Dreux

paragraph: Robert V of Dreux ( – 22 March 1329), Count of Dreux and Braine, was the eldest son of John II of Dreux. His mother was Peronelle de Sully, the principal lady of Joan II, Countess of Burgundy's household. Robert was a supporter of Joan II's husband, Philip V of France. He succeeded his father as Count of Dreux in 1309 and reigned until his death in 1329. He married Marie d'Enghien in April 1321, but died without issue on 22 March 1329 in Braine and was succeeded by his brother, John III of Dreux.

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Robert V, Count of Dreux

wikipedia_title: Robert V, Count of Dreux