text: Caracas

text: Venezuela

text: Paris

text: France

text: Cuba

text: business magnate

text: Irish

text: Spanish

text: Cádiz

text: Cromwellian conquest of Ireland

text: Cork

text: Catholic

text: France

text: Italian peninsula

text: El Puerto de Santa María

text: Indies

text: Sherry

text: Order of Santiago

text: Philip V

text: slave trade

text: sugar mill

text: electricity

text: Cienfuegos

text: Croesus

text: Père Lachaise Cemetery

text: Andrés Dorticós

text: Regent

text: Maria Christina of Austria

text: Alfonso XIII

text: Grandee of Spain

text: politician

text: Stanislas de Castellane

text: dandy

text: Boni de Castellane

text: Emilio

text: architect

text: interior decorator

text: landscape designer

text: deputy to Cortes

text: Havana

text: Italian

text: politician

text: diplomat

text: Alberto Blanc

text: Minister of Foreign Affairs

text: Kingdom of Italy

text: American

text: soprano

text: Sybil Sanderson

text: Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry

text: Amy Brown

text: Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing

categories: 1886 deaths,Slave traders,People from Caracas,Year of birth missing,Cuban businesspeople,Cuban people of Irish descent

paragraph: Tomás Terry

paragraph: Tomás Terry y Adán (24 February 1808 in Caracas, Venezuela – 5 July 1886 in Paris, France) was a Cuban business magnate.

paragraph: Section::::Family origins.

paragraph: Of Irish paternal descent, Terry was born in Caracas to Spanish-born José Antonio Terry y Mendoza, who had settled in Venezuela from Cádiz, and wife Tomasa Adán y España. Following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, the Terrys had fled their hometown of Cork for Catholic countries such as Spain, France and the states of the Italian peninsula. The Spanish branch, established in Cádiz and El Puerto de Santa María, became involved in trade with the Indies and Sherry production quite successfully, as in less than a decade from their arrival many of its members were knighted in the Order of Santiago and Guillermo Terry was granted the title of Marquis of la Cañada by King Philip V, on 8 September 1729.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Terry initially became involved in the slave trade in Cuba, making his first $10,000 by buying sick slaves, nursing them back to health, and then reselling them healthy for a large profit. He bought the "Caracas" sugar mill for $23,000, and upgraded it to be the first in Cuba to use electricity. He went on to make a fortune through involvement in all aspects of the economy, from the sugar trade and slave trade to banking and imports, becoming the dominant businessman in Cienfuegos and earning the nickname the "Cuban Croesus". His fortune grew to be among the largest in the world, with a net worth of about $725,000 in 1851, $3,090,00 in 1860, $7,890,000 in 1870, $13,760,000 in 1880, and over $25,000,000 at his death in 1886, which occurred in Paris, where he was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery (division 92).

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: On 31 October 1837, Terry married Teresa Dorticós y Gómez de Leys, daughter of Andrés Dorticós, a prominent local merchant and governor of Cienfuegos, and María del Carmen Gómez de Leys y La Puente. They had 10 children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tomás

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teresa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrés

paragraph: BULLET::::- María del Carmen, wife Guillermo Perinat y Ochoa, treasurer of the Royal Incomes. On 6 March 1893, she was granted of title of Marchioness of Perinat by Queen Regent Maria Christina of Austria on the name of her son Alfonso XIII. She had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luis (1872–1923), married to Ana María de Elío y Gaztelu, 9th Marchioness of Campo Real, Grandee of Spain (1895–1964), with issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- María Teresa (1875–1918), married to José Alfonso de Bustos y Ruiz de Arana, 3rd Duke of Andría, Grandee of Spain (1883–1940), without issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eudardo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juan Pedro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francisco Javier (1850–1918). Married to Antonia Sánchez y Sarriá and had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Natalia (1877–1962), married to French politician Count Stanislas de Castellane (1876–1959), younger brother of celebrated dandy Boni de Castellane, with issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emilio (1890–1969), famous architect, interior decorator and landscape designer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odette, married to Prince Charles de La Tour d'Auvergne-Lauraguais (1877–1940), with issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Emilio (1853–1911), deputy to Cortes for the province of Havana in 1886. Married to Silvia Alfonso-Aldama y Fonts, without issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- María Natividad (1854–1928), married to Italian politician and diplomat Baron Alberto Blanc (1835–1904), Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Italy from 1893 to 1896. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margherita (1884–1961), married Camillo Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Candriano (1882–1949), without surviving issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giovanni Alberto, Baron Blanc

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giulio (1891–1878), married to Lavinia Lante Montefeltro della Rovere (1904–1935), with issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonio (1857–1899), married firstly to American soprano Sybil Sanderson (1864–1903) and then to Grace Dalton-Secord (1860-1895). From his second marriage, he had a daughter.

paragraph: Correction: Sibyl Sanderson was Antonio Terry's second wife. Grace Dalton Secor was Antonio Terry's first wife. Antonio Terry and Grace Dalton Secor were married in 1876 in New York City and their daughter, Natividad Marta Maria Dolores Mercedes Terry, was born in 1881. She was Sibyl Sanderson's stepdaughter. The engagement of Sibyl Sanderson to Antonio Terry was announced in the New York Herald in August of 1894.

paragraph: BULLET::::- María Natividad (1882–1960), married to Prince Guy Charles de Faucigny-Lucinge et Coligny (1876–1914), great-grandson of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry through his daughter Charlotte, Countess of Issoudun, bore by his mistress Amy Brown (with issue, including Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing).

description: Cuban businessman

wikidata_label: Tomás Terry

wikipedia_title: Tomás Terry


text: Slovene

text: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

text: Fascist Italian

text: Nazi German

text: World War II

text: Province of Ljubljana

text: Domobranci

text: Slovene Home Guard

text: Lokve

text: Gorizia

text: Austrian

text: Gorizia and Gradisca

text: Nova Gorica

text: Slovenia

text: Trieste

text: second lieutenant

text: Vienna

text: World War I

text: Royal Yugoslav Army

text: major

text: lieutenant-colonel

text: colonel

text: brigadier general

text: major general

text: Wehrmacht

text: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

text: Third Reich

text: Kingdom of Italy

text: Axis alliance

text: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

text: fortress

text: Drava Banovina

text: French

text: Maginot Line

text: Czechoslovak

text: invasion of Yugoslavia

text: Wehrmacht

text: Province of Ljubljana

text: Ljubljana

text: Juro Adlešič

text: mayor

text: Italian armistice

text: Friedrich Rainer

text: Nazi

text: Gauleiter

text: Carinthia

text: Gregorij Rožman

text: Reiner's

text: Ernest Peterlin

text: Slovene Home Guard

text: Wehrmacht

text: partisan resistance movement

text: anti-Communist

text: Slovenian Covenant

text: civil servants

text: Stanko Majcen

text: Narte Velikonja

text: Ljenko Urbančič

text: Stanko Kociper

text: Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

text: Erwin Rösener

text: oaths of allegiance

text: Dachau concentration camp

text: Austria

text: Yugoslavia

text: executed by firing squad

text: Žale

text: antisemitic

text: Polhov Gradec

text: Argentina

categories: 1946 deaths,Slovenian collaborators with Nazi Germany,Antisemitism in Yugoslavia,Slovenian anti-communists,Slovenian generals,Slovenian people of World War II,People from the City Municipality of Nova Gorica,1880 births,Mayors of Ljubljana,Gorizia and Gradisca people,Executed Slovenian people,Executed Yugoslav collaborators with Nazi Germany,Deaths by firearm in Slovenia

paragraph: Leon Rupnik

paragraph: Leon Rupnik, also known as Lav Rupnik or Lev Rupnik (10 August 1880 – 4 September 1946) was a Slovene general in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia who collaborated with the Fascist Italian and Nazi German occupation forces during World War II. Rupnik served as the President of the Provincial Government of the Nazi-occupied Province of Ljubljana from November 1943 to early May 1945. Between September 1944 and early May 1945, he also served as chief inspector of the Domobranci (Slovene Home Guard), a collaborationist militia, although he did not have any military competences until the last month of the war.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Rupnik was born in Lokve near Gorizia, a village in what was then the Austrian county of Gorizia and Gradisca (now part of Nova Gorica, southwestern Slovenia). A career soldier, from 1895 to 1899 he studied at the infantry military academy in Trieste and graduated as a junior second lieutenant. His schooling continued in Vienna from 1905 to 1907. After World War I, he joined the Royal Yugoslav Army in May 1919 with the rank of active staff major. He thereafter climbed the ranks, becoming a lieutenant-colonel (1923), colonel (1927), brigadier general (1933) and major general (1937). When the Wehrmacht invaded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 6 April 1941, Rupnik was Chief of Staff of 1st Army Group.

paragraph: Section::::The Rupnik Line.

paragraph: After the Third Reich and the Kingdom of Italy had formed the Axis alliance, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia decided to construct a line of fortresses along the borders to defend itself against possible attacks from the north and the west. The constructions was mostly carried out on the border with Italy in the Drava Banovina. The line was initially staffed by 15,000, but the number increased to 40,000 by 1941. As Rupnik was in charge of their completion, the 'Rupnik Line' became the common name for these fortifications.

paragraph: The defences were built on the French Maginot Line and Czechoslovak models, adapted to local conditions. After the invasion of Yugoslavia on 6 April 1941, few of them were ready and the German Wehrmacht campaign quickly rendered the line obsolete.

paragraph: Section::::Collaboration.

paragraph: After the quick defeat of the Royal Yugoslav Army, Rupnik was released from German military prison and moved to the Italian-occupied southern Slovenia (known as Province of Ljubljana) on 17 April 1941. On 7 June 1942, he accepted the position of President of the Provincial Council of Ljubljana, thus replacing Juro Adlešič as mayor under Italian occupation. After the Italian armistice in September 1943, Ljubljana was occupied by the Germans. Friedrich Rainer, Nazi Gauleiter of Carinthia, nominated Rupnik as president of the new provincial government, after an alleged consultation with bishop Gregorij Rožman who agreed with Reiner's intention to put Rupnik in charge of the provisional government.

paragraph: Together with Anton Kokalj, Ernest Peterlin and Janko Kregar, Rupnik was also one of the founders of the Slovene Home Guard, an auxiliary military unit of the Wehrmacht, formed as a voluntary militia to fight the partisan resistance movement. The militia was organized mostly by members of Slovene anti-Communist politicians gathered around the underground organization Slovenian Covenant () in agreement with the German occupation forces. Soon after the formation of the militia on 23 September 1943, Rupnik nominated himself its commander-in-chief, but was dismissed by Rainer on 4 November 1943. In September 1944, he was nominated chief inspector of the Slovene Home Guard, a function with virtually no competence.

paragraph: In his function of president of the provincial administration, Rupnik organized a large-scale bureaucracy which tried to cover all spheres of civilian life, from local administration, to social security and cultural policies. For this purpose, he relied on two groups of aides: on one side, mostly apolitical civil servants and cultural functionaries active already in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (such as Stanko Majcen and Narte Velikonja); on the other side, he involved several highly ideological and fervently pro-Nazi young individuals, such as Ljenko Urbančič and son-in-law Stanko Kociper. Rupnik succeeded in keeping almost all Slovene cultural and educational institutions functioning under Nazi occupation, and in 1944 he even managed to rename the "Academy of Sciences and Arts in Ljubljana" to Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

paragraph: Throughout his presidency, Rupnik maintained complete loyalty to the German Nazi occupation authorities. He organized several "anti-Communist rallies", in which he delivered violent speeches against the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People, the Western Allies and the "World Jewish Conspiracy". He maintained friendly contacts with the SS general Erwin Rösener, who was later convicted of war crimes.

paragraph: As Chief Inspector of the Slovenian Home Guard from November 1944, Rupnik was present on the two occasions when selected members of the militia swore oaths of allegiance.

paragraph: Rupnik disagreed with all attempts by members of the Slovenian Covenant and some military leaders of the Slovene Home Guard to rise against the Nazis, nor did he intervene when several of his former collaborators were arrested by the Nazis and sent to Dachau concentration camp.

paragraph: Section::::Arrest, Trial, and Execution.

paragraph: On 5 May 1945, Leon Rupnik fled to Austria with a small group of 20 collaborators. He was arrested by the British on 23 July and returned to Yugoslavia in January 1946. He was put on trial alongside Rösener and others, and was sentenced to death for treason on 30 August 1946. He was executed by firing squad on 4 September 1946 at Ljubljana's Žale cemetery, and was buried the same day in an unmarked grave.

paragraph: Section::::Anti-Semitism.

paragraph: Known for his antisemitic and openly pro-Nazi views already prior to the war, Rupnik was a notorious anti-Semite, who wrote anti-Semitic tracts and made antisemitic speeches. Some notable examples include:

paragraph: In a lecture he gave in Ljubljana in 1944, entitled 'Bolshevism: a tool of international Judaism' and subtitled 'Jewish endeavours towards global supremacy', Rupnik said the following:

paragraph: The Jews straight dogmatic hatred of all who are not Jewish is finally challenged everywhere by a revolt by the home nation that sooner or later removes all parasites from their country or limits by law their economic, religious and political activity. (A transcript of the entire lecture is available.)

paragraph: In a lecture at Polhov Gradec, on 5 June 1944 Rupnik stated:

paragraph: With solid trust in the righteousness of the leader of Europe, of the German nation, we must calmly and with all fanaticism lead the battle against Jewish global supremacy serving Stalin’s and Tito’s bandits and their assistants, Anglo-American gangsters.

paragraph: At the ceremony where the Domobranci (Slovenian Home Guard) swore oaths of allegiance, 30 January 1945 Rupnik said:

paragraph: If the German soldier and you, my bold Domobranci, allowed these Jewish mercenaries to flourish, they would yet kill all decent thinkers, believers in the nation and homeland of true Slovenian birth together with their children – or we will make cannon fodder or slaves of them, steal their property, homes, villages, devastate the national body and suppress the Jew. These are the nations of Europe, our broader homeland, in whose centre the largest, German nation has taken upon itself the struggle against the Jewish corruption of the world.

paragraph: Section::::Other.

paragraph: His son, Vuk Rupnik, was an active officer of the Slovene Home Guard and commander of one of the most belligerent units in the militia. His son-in-law, Stanko Kociper, later emigrated to Argentina and wrote a book in which he tried to vindicate Rupnik's role in the war.

description: Slovenian general

wikidata_label: Leon Rupnik

wikipedia_title: Leon Rupnik


text:
U.S. Congressman
North Carolina
Confederate Congress
American Civil War
Person County, North Carolina
Roxboro
34th United States Congress
American Party
Zebulon Vance
Confederate Senate
George Davis
Attorney General
Reconstruction
Raleigh, North Carolina
North Carolina Supreme Court

categories: 1894 deaths,People of North Carolina in the American Civil War,1812 births,19th-century American politicians,Know-Nothing members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina,People from Person County, North Carolina,Burials at Historic Oakwood Cemetery,Confederate States Senators,North Carolina Supreme Court justices

paragraph: Edwin Godwin Reade

paragraph: Edwin Godwin Reade (November 13, 1812 – October 18, 1894) was a U.S. Congressman from North Carolina between 1855 and 1857. He later served in the Confederate Congress during the American Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Edwin Reade was born in Person County, North Carolina in 1812; a lawyer, he was admitted to the bar in 1835 and practiced in Roxboro.

paragraph: Reade served a single term in the 34th United States Congress as a member of the American Party (March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857), and refused to run for re-election in 1856. In 1863, Governor Zebulon Vance appointed Reade to the Confederate Senate to fill the seat of George Davis, who had resigned to become the Confederacy's Attorney General.

paragraph: Following the Civil War, Reade presided over the Reconstruction convention in 1865 in Raleigh, North Carolina. In 1868, he was named as associate justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court, a post he held until 1879. Following his retirement from government, Reade engaged in banking in Raleigh, where he died in 1894. He is buried in Raleigh's Oakwood Cemetery.

description: American politician and judge

wikidata_label: Edwin Godwin Reade

wikipedia_title: Edwin Godwin Reade


text:
biologist
Acquapendente
University of Siena
pathological anatomy
Elie Metchnikoff
Pasteur Institute
Paris
Jules Bordet
Amédée Borrel
microbiology
Paul-Louis Simond
Émile Marchoux
yellow fever
Argas persicus
vector
cholera
tuberculosis
plague
Archives de l'Institut Pasteur

categories: 1867 births,1942 deaths,Italian microbiologists,People from Viterbo

paragraph: Alexandre Salimbeni

paragraph: Alexandre Salimbeni (11 December 1867 - 1942) was an Italian physician and biologist born in Acquapendente.

paragraph: He studied medicine at the University of Siena, where he later became a professor of pathological anatomy. From 1895 he performed studies in the laboratory of Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1916) at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where he worked closely with Jules Bordet (1870-1961). In 1900 he served as préparateur under Amédée Borrel (1867-1936) in the laboratory of microbiology courses.

paragraph: In 1901-03 with Paul-Louis Simond (1858-1947) and Émile Marchoux (1862-1943), he conducted research of yellow fever in Brazil. With Marchoux, he identified "Argas persicus" as the vector of avian spirochaetosis.

paragraph: In 1910 he participated on a mission to Russia, where he studied cholera, tuberculosis and the plague. In 1918 he was appointed director of "vaccine services" at the Pasteur Institute.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archives de l'Institut Pasteur (biography)

description: Italian microbiologist

wikidata_label: Alessandro Salimbeni

wikipedia_title: Alexandre Salimbeni


text:
German romantic school
Clemens Brentano
Altenburg
Friedrich Schiller
Clemens Brentano
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Immanuel Kant

categories: People from Altenburg,1806 deaths,German women novelists,German women writers,1770 births

paragraph: Sophie Mereau

paragraph: Sophie Friederike Mereau (27 March 1770 – 31 October 1806) was a writer of the German romantic school. Her maiden name was Schubart, but she did most of her work under the married name of Mereau. She also later married a second time, to writer Clemens Brentano, and took her husband's surname. She wrote novels, stories and poems, and she translated and published journals.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mereau was born on the 27 March 1770 in Altenburg. Mereau learned Spanish, French, English, and Italian at a young age. Her mother died when Mereau was 16, and her father died when she was 20. On April 4, 1793 she married Karl Mereau, moving to Jena where he was a lawyer. Through her husband she met Friedrich Schiller, who considered Mereau to be somewhat of a protégé. By 1794 she took her first lover. In 1795 she traveled with another lover to Berlin, shocking many in Jena high society. Mereau had two children with Karl, Gustav and Hulda. After the death of her first child, Gustav, she divorced Karl Mereau. The summer of 1800 she spent with relatives in Camburg. There she edited three literary journals, published poetry, wrote several stories, and finished her novel, "Amanda und Eduard". Parts of "Amanda und Eduard" was published in Schiller's "Die Horen". On December 12, 1802 she restarted her relationship with Clemens Brentano with whom she had an affair with during her first marriage. Mereau only decided to marry Brentano when she became pregnant in November 1803 with their son, Achim Ariel born May 1804, who died six weeks after birth. The marriage was troubled and the couple spent time apart. In May 1805 her fourth child was born, but the baby passed away a few weeks later. Mereau's fifth child was a miscarriage and at this time she became ill. She converted to Catholicism and many scholars believe the time between her conversion and death were her happiest. Mereau died at 36 from a hemorrhage after delivering her sixth child.

paragraph: Section::::Writing and philosophy.

paragraph: Mereau first gained notoriety in 1791, and she was the only female student in Johann Gottlieb Fichte's private seminars. She was critical of some of his ideas on women, and her first novel in 1794 demonstrated his influence as well as the differences in her thinking. She was also a contemporary of Immanuel Kant. Her life-story, in part, has led her to be referred to as "one of the most fascinating figures of German Classism and Romanticism."

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Sophie Mereau's published works as cited by "An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amanda und Eduard", 1803.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Blüthenalter der Empfindung", 1794.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gedichte" 2 volumes, 1800, 1802.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kalathiskos", 2 volumes, 1801-1802.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Lebe der Liebe und liebe das Leben." Der Briefwechsel von Clemens Brentano und Sophie Mereau", ed. Dagmar von Gersdorff, 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Meine Seele ist bey euch geblieben." Briefe Sophie Bentanos an Henriette von Arnstein", ed. Karen Schench zo Schweinsberg, 1985.

description: German writer

wikidata_label: Sophie Mereau

wikipedia_title: Sophie Mereau


text:
Billboard Magazine
NPR's
All Songs Considered
Kanye West
Malik Yusef
John Legend
Adam Levine
Common
Sigur Rós
Alex Somers
Malibu, California
Record Collection
Warp
Grammy
Tchad Blake
Billboard Magazine
Lead Belly
Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles
Official website

categories: Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Tom Gallo

paragraph: Tom Gallo is an American singer-songwriter and composer. His debut full-length album, "Tell Me the Ghost", released in 2018 was featured in Billboard Magazine and on NPR's popular music show "All Songs Considered", where it was described as "spare and minimal, emotional and atmospheric".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Gallo's college band was chosen by Kanye West and spoken-word artist Malik Yusef to be featured on an album of theirs along side John Legend, Adam Levine and Common. The album was released, but quickly pulled out of stores over copyright issues. Gallo quit music. Then, on a whim, bought some cheap gear and spent a weekend recording his own music for the first time. He sent the music to Sigur Rós producer Alex Somers, who invited him to Iceland to work in his private studio. These obscure recordings, performed primarily with prepared pianos, field recordings, and spoons played on soup bowls, turned into Gallo's debut EP "Continuation Day" and landed him a record deal with Malibu, California based Record Collection and a publishing deal with Warp.

paragraph: In the spring of 2018, Gallo recorded his debut full length album, alone at home with a nylon string guitar and a cheap microphone. This music was heard by Grammy award winner Tchad Blake who offered to mix the album for no cost.

paragraph: “Tell Me The Ghost”, the title track, features soft guitar riffs and Gallo’s whispery vocals, accompanied by a music video described by Billboard Magazine as "mesmerizing". While the track was the last one written for the album, Gallo felt it was a perfect summary of the entire LP. The black-and-white video, was shot in a house where blues icon Lead Belly lived towards the end of his career, in Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tell Me the Ghost" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Continuation Day" (2013)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: American singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Tom Gallo

wikipedia_title: Tom Gallo


text:
Orne
France
Dorceau
Philippe Pétain
Dorceau
Rémalard-en-Perche
Percheron
Normandy
sequoia
Normande
dairy cattle
World War I
Croix de Guerre
Normandy
Harness racing
Vincennes
Department of Orne
Advocat général
Independent Radicals
French Third Republic
Mortagne-au-Perche
Léon Blum
Paul Reynaud
Philippe Pétain
Vichy France
Rémalard-en-Perche
town hall
Legion of Honor
Croix de Guerre
Dorceau
Orne
Percheron
Assemblée Nationale
Assemblée Nationale
Perche Gouet
Geneawiki

categories: French general councillors,Mayors of places in France,1881 births,Members of the National Legislative Assembly of the French Second Republic,1958 deaths,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

paragraph: Joseph Aveline

paragraph: Joseph Aveline (1881-1958) was a 20th-century French politician and agricultural expert from the Orne department of France, who served as mayor of Dorceau for a half century and, as parliamentary deputy, opposed full powers to Marshall Philippe Pétain in July 1940.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Joseph Louis Aveline was born on December 10, 1881, on a cattle-breeding farm in Dorceau (now part of the Rémalard-en-Perche commune) in Orne, France. His parents were Louis Joseph Aveline and Cécile Aline Poussin. His father had started the "New Farm" (French "le Ferme-Neuve") there to breed Percheron horses and cattle of Normandy. He kept 40 Percheron horses, which he exported worldwide.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Aveline spent his life as both politician and champion of Norman animal husbandry.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Ferme-Neuve.

paragraph: In 1851, Aveline's father built "la Ferme-Neuve" ("the New Farm") into a closed-court estate at a former farm. In 1908, Aveline encircled with ten redwood (sequoia) as natural protection. (He had brought the trees back from a trip to Illionois in 1902.) The farm was famed for breeding Percheron horses and Normande dairy cattle bulls.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:World War I.

paragraph: In 1914, Aveline began serving for France in World War I through the war's end in 1918, for which he received the Croix de Guerre. After demobilization, he took over management of the farm.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Horse breeder.

paragraph: The Aveline family had already been breeding Percheron in the early 1800s: We find the name of Aveline for the first time in 1823 at Mont Gaudray. He had a brown-bay mare... brM. Cousin, commune of Peray, had a dapple-gray stallion, born 1827, slightly under 16 hands, which served 40 mares in 1832, 43 mares in 1833, and 42 in 1834. We find the names of Avelines and Hamelin among the owners of mares served by this horse... His relative, Charles Paul Aveline (1853-1917) received a short biographical entry in the 1917 book "A History of the Percheron Horse": of particular note was M. Charles Aveline' brown Percheron named "Dragon." In 1889, there is mention that Percheron "Gris-Blue 9477" was "appartenant à M. Joseph Aveline" ("owned by Mr. Joseph Aveline"). In 1917, a photo of his farm in Dorceau appears in "A History of Percheron Horses".

paragraph: Joseph Aveline helped spearhead agriculture in Normandy. He led farmers in farming coo-ps and trade unionism. He served as president of the regional bank for agricultural credit, president of the Orne Chamber of Agriculture, and vice-president of the Normandy Chamber of Agriculture.

paragraph: Due to technical prowess, he also became president of the Percheron Horse Racing Society of France; member of the Higher Council of Agriculture, the Advisory Committee on Livestock, the Higher Stud Council, the Higher Council on Agronomic Research; president of the Federation of Genealogical Books, and foreign trade advisor.

paragraph: Aveline won numerous breeding competitions. He also headed a large stud farm and became a horse specialist who, later in life, went on lecture tours, particularly in South America. The Harness racing horse track of Vincennes has a race and prize in his name.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Politician.

paragraph: In 1908, at age 27, Aveline was elected mayor of Dorceau–an office he would hold for the next 50 years.

paragraph: He served on the Council of the Department of Orne. In 1930, he became an "Advocat général".

paragraph: Aveline joined the Independent Radicals (French: "Radicaux indépendants"), a center-right French political group during the French Third Republic: it refused alliance of the "Parti républicain, radical et radical-socialiste" with the Left. (The Independent Radicals formed in 1926 after the fall of the first Cartel des gauches.)

paragraph: On April 26, 1936, Aveline first ran for the Chamber of Deputies in Mortagne-au-Perche for Orne. On May 3, 1936, he won his seat (9,927 of 17,640 votes) as deputy from Orne in the Chamber of Deputies in the XVI-th Legislature of the Third Republic; its president was Léon Blum. A decree in July 1939 extended the service of deputies from May 19136 until May 31, 1942. He served on the Committee on Agriculture and also the National Agricultural Credit Fund. In July 1940, with Paul Reynaud as president, he abstained from the vote for full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain (who became the head of Vichy France).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Later life.

paragraph: After World War II, Aveline continued as mayor, advised agricultural organizations and government ministries (particularly the Ministry of Agriculture), and participated in a French trade mission to South America.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and death.

paragraph: On April 28, 1903, Aveline married Berthe Marie Tuffier of Nogent-le-Rotrou.

paragraph: His son Pierre took over the farm's management.

paragraph: Joseph Aveline died age 77 on December 12, 1958, in Dorceau.

paragraph: Section::::Legislation.

paragraph: Aveline led the following legislation:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939: Law on trade in products for animals law bears his name)

paragraph: He supported the following legislation:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936: Creation of a professional wheat board

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937: Finance Act of 1937, Customs Tariffs

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938: Veterinary medicine

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939: Finance Act of 1939

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940: Civil Service Budget for 1940, Rural Leases

paragraph: He led legislative efforts for:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937: Proposals on fertilizer - 1937, distribution of sums in urban mutual betting

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939: Resolution on rural leases and greyhounds (racing)

paragraph: Section::::Legacy, awards, recognition.

paragraph: In 2018, the current mayor of Rémalard-en-Perche dedicated the "Joseph Aveline Hall" in the renovated "mairie" (town hall) of Dorceau, noting "la carrière exceptionnelle de celui qui au cours un demi-siècle était le premier magistrat de sa commune" ("outstanding career of one who during half a century was the first magistrate of his municipality"). stating: "Né en 1881, il a créé la Ferme-Neuve en 1903 pour l'élevage des percherons. Maire bâtisseur, député de l'Orne de 1936 à 1942. Il a créé le syndicat d'électrification de Dorceau, donné des terres pour le cimetière. Innovateur reconnu dans le monde agricole, il était commandant de la Légion d'honneur."br(Born in 1881, he created the Ferme-Neuve in 1903 for raising percherons. Mayor builder, deputy of the Orne from 1936 to 1942. He created the electrification union of Dorceau, donated land for the cemetery. A recognized innovator in the agricultural world, he was commander of the Légion d'honneur.) Great-grandson Joseph unveiled the plaque. The new hall went into use by November 2018 in Aveline's name.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prix Joseph Aveline (horse racing)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salle Joseph Avelines des mariages et conseils dans Rémalard-en-Perche (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander of the Legion of Honor ("Commandeur de la Légion d'Honneur")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Croix de Guerre

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander of Agricultural Merit ("Commandeur du Mérite agricole")

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorceau

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Percheron

paragraph: Section::::External sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Assemblée Nationale: Photo of Aveline

paragraph: BULLET::::- Assemblée Nationale: Popular Front 1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perche Gouet: Photo of Aveline

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geneawiki: Canton de Rémalard

description: French politician

wikidata_label: Joseph Aveline

wikipedia_title: Joseph Aveline


text:
Hergé
The Adventures of Tintin
Xujiahui
French
Jesuit
Tushanwan
Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts
The Adventures of Tintin
Bolshevik
black Africans
gangster
cowboy
Indians
Cigars of the Pharaoh
The Blue Lotus
University of Leuven
Chinese art
India
Maharaja
Chang Chong-Chen
Tintin in Tibet
colonialism
Empire of Japan
International Settlement
anti-imperialist
Second Sino-Japanese War
Chinese Civil War
Cultural Revolution
Deng Xiaoping
François Mitterrand
Nogent-sur-Marne
Qibao
Zhang Chongren Memorial Hall, Shanghai

categories: 1998 deaths,Naturalized citizens of France,Chinese emigrants to France,Hergé,Chinese expatriates in Belgium,Artists from Shanghai,1907 births,Tintin,Modern artists

paragraph: Zhang Chongren

paragraph: Zhang Chongren (27 September 1907 – 8 October 1998), also known as Chang Chong-jen, was a Chinese artist and sculptor best remembered in Europe as the friend of Hergé, the Belgian cartoonist and creator of "The Adventures of Tintin". The two met when Zhang was an art student in Brussels.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Zhang was born the son of a gardener in 1907 in Xujiahui ("Ziccawei"), then a suburb of Shanghai, China. The young Zhang lost both his parents at an early age and grew up in the French Jesuit orphanage of "Tou-Se-we" (now Tushanwan) where he entered at the age of seven, and where he learned French. He then entered the Art School of the orphanage, where he learned to draw, and was systematically educated in Western art. After finishing school in 1928, Zhang worked with design for the film industry and at a local newspaper. In 1931, he left China for the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, Belgium.

paragraph: Section::::Influence on Hergé.

paragraph: Hergé's early albums of "The Adventures of Tintin" were highly dependent on stereotypes for comedic effect. These included evil Russian Bolsheviks, lazy and dumb black Africans, and an America of gangsters, cowboys, and Indians.

paragraph: At the close of the newspaper run of "Cigars of the Pharaoh", Hergé had mentioned that Tintin's next adventure ("The Blue Lotus") would bring him to China. Father Gosset, the chaplain to the Chinese students at the University of Leuven, wrote to Hergé urging him to be sensitive about what he wrote about China. Hergé agreed, and in the spring of 1934 Gosset introduced him to Zhang Chongren. The two young artists quickly became close friends, and Zhang introduced Hergé to Chinese history, culture, and the techniques of Chinese art. As a result of this experience Hergé would strive, in "The Blue Lotus" and subsequent Tintin adventures, to be meticulously accurate in depicting the places Tintin visited.

paragraph: For example, while "Cigars of the Pharaoh" takes place in an idealized India of Maharajas and British officials, "The Blue Lotus" has the look and feel of China of the 1930s torn apart by the occupying Japanese forces and the Western influence in Shanghai, including corrupt businessmen and police.

paragraph: As a token of appreciation, Hergé added the character "Chang Chong-Chen" (Tchang in original French-language version) to "The Blue Lotus", a young Chinese orphan boy who meets and befriends Tintin. Hergé mocks his own naïveté deep inside the album when he has Tintin explain to the fictional Chang that his view of the 'white devils' is based on prejudice. He makes it go both ways when Tintin recites a few Western stereotypes of the Chinese. Chang laughs this off as crazy. Chang would later return in "Tintin in Tibet".

paragraph: As another result of his friendship with Zhang, Hergé became increasingly aware of the problems of colonialism, in particular the Empire of Japan's advances into China, and the corrupt, exploitative International Settlement of Shanghai. "The Blue Lotus" carries a bold anti-imperialist message, contrary to the prevailing view in the West, which was sympathetic to Japan and the colonial enterprise. As a result, it drew sharp criticism from various parties, including a protest by Japanese diplomats to the Belgian Foreign Ministry.

paragraph: Section::::Return to China.

paragraph: At the end of his studies in Brussels in 1935, Zhang made a tour of France, Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria and Italy before returning home to China. Upon his arrival back in Shanghai in 1936, Zhang held a number of shows exhibiting his drawings and sculptures. He also established the Chongren Studio to further his art and to teach.

paragraph: Hergé lost contact with him during the invasion of China by Japan (which is usually regarded as the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War) and the subsequent Chinese Civil War. More than four decades would pass before the two friends would meet again. In an instance of life mirroring art, Hergé managed to resume contact with his old friend Zhang Chongren, years after Tintin rescued the fictional Chang in the closing pages of "Tintin in Tibet". Zhang had been a street sweeper during the Cultural Revolution, before becoming the head of the Fine Arts Academy in Shanghai during the 1970s.

paragraph: After the economic liberalization of China from 1979, Zhang received widespread acknowledgement in the Chinese art community. A collection of his oil paintings and sculptures were published and in his later years, Zhang worked as an editor and translator of several books on art. Among the portraits he has painted are those of Chinese paramount leader Deng Xiaoping and French President François Mitterrand.

paragraph: Zhang returned to Europe for a reunion with Hergé in 1981 upon invitation of the French government. In 1989 he received French citizenship and settled down to teach in the Paris suburb of Nogent-sur-Marne, where he died in 1998. Shortly after his death, a memorial museum dedicated to him was established in Qibao, Shanghai. A number of his paintings and sculptures are held in the China Museum of Fine Art in Beijing and the China Museum of Revolutionary Warfare.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhang Chongren Memorial Hall, Shanghai

alias:
Chongren Zhang
Tchang Tchong-jen
張充仁
张充仁
Tchong-jen Tchang
Chang Chʻung-jen
Chʻung-jen Chang

description: Chinese artist

wikidata_label: Zhang Chongren

wikipedia_title: Zhang Chongren


text: Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

text: soccer

text: Sky Blue FC

text: Lehigh University

text: Patriot League

text: Northampton Laurels

text: Patriot League

text: 1. FFC Frankfurt

text: Alexandra Krieger

text: Pokal

text: Western New York Flash

text: Women's Professional Soccer

text: Western New York Flash

text: championship

text: Bayern Munich

text: Bayern Munich

text: Bundesliga

text: Sky Blue FC

text: National Women's Soccer League

text: United States

text: China

text: United States

text: Lehigh University

text: Robert Lewandowski

text: Bayern Munich men's team

text: UEFA Women's Cup

text: German Cup

text: Bundesliga

text: Bundesliga

text: Patriot League

text: Patriot League

text: Patriot League

text: Offizielle Homepage des 1.FFC Frankfurt

text: Gina Lewandowski at Lehigh

categories: Women's association football defenders,Sky Blue FC (NWSL) players,American expatriate soccer players in Germany,American soccer players,Living people,Western New York Flash (WPS) players,American women's soccer players,1985 births,Allentown Central Catholic High School alumni,People from Lehigh County, Pennsylvania,FC Bayern Munich (women) players,1. FFC Frankfurt players,Expatriate women's footballers in Germany,American people of Polish descent,United States women's international soccer players,Lehigh Mountain Hawks women's soccer players,Frauen-Bundesliga players,Women's association football midfielders

paragraph: Gina Lewandowski

paragraph: Gina Loren Lewandowski (born April 13, 1985 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) is an American soccer player who plays for Sky Blue FC.

paragraph: Section::::University career.

paragraph: Lewandowski played her collegial soccer at Lehigh University, where she was named Patriot League Offensive Player of the Year (2004, 2005) and Patriot League Rookie of the Year (2003), she was led all scorers in League 2004 year with eight goals and 16 points. She finished her college career with 36 goals and 8 assists in 70 games. Then played 2006 for Northampton Laurels.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Following university Lewandowski tried outs for two teams in Germany, heading overseas on May 22, 2007. Her desire to play lead her to "... go over and see where it takes me," Lewandowski said, "It's just a leap of faith."

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:1. FFC Frankfurt.

paragraph: Following a successful trial, the four-time All-Patriot League moved to 1. FFC Frankfurt with fellow American Alexandra Krieger on July 30, 2007. While at Frankfurt Lewandowski won the treble in 2007-2008 (Bundesliga-Pokal-Champions League). She helped Frankfurt win the Pokal again in 2011. Lewandowski also went on to another Champion's League final in 2011-2012, losing to Olympique Lyon.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Western New York Flash.

paragraph: Lewandowski left Frankfurt to play one season in the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) league in the summer of 2011. She appeared 8 times for the Western New York Flash and helped the club win both the league and the championship. The WPS folded in the following off-season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Bayern Munich.

paragraph: Lewandowski returned to Germany following the WPS, this time with Bayern Munich. From 2012-2019 she appeared in 119 times for the club in regular season games, scoring 18 times. Along with Bayern she won the Frauen-Bundesliga two more times in 2015 and 2016 https://www.vavel.com/en-us/soccer/2019/05/07/nwsl/980798-sky-blue-fc-sign-gina-lewandowski.html/ref

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Sky Blue FC.

paragraph: Lewandowski signed with Sky Blue FC, a National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) team based in New Jersey, 90 minutes from where she grew up, on May 7, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: May 9, 2012, Lewandowski called up for the United States match against China.

paragraph: On October 25, 2015, at age 30, Lewandowski earned her first cap for the United States in an international friendly (Victory Tour) match against Brazil, coming off the bench in the 74th minute to play left wingback.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: In Bethlehem, PA, she received a degree in biology at Lehigh University. Gina has Polish ancestry and shares her surname with Robert Lewandowski, a star for Bayern Munich men's team during the same period, although the two are not known to be related.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1. FFC Frankfurt

paragraph: BULLET::::- UEFA Women's Cup (1): Winner 2007–08

paragraph: BULLET::::- German Cup (2): Winner 2007–08, 2010–11

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bundesliga (1): Winner 2007–08

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bayern München

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bundesliga (2): Winner 2014–15, 2015–16

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: Patriot League Rookie of the Year

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Patriot League Offensive Player of the Year

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: Patriot League Offensive Player of the Year

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Offizielle Homepage des 1.FFC Frankfurt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gina Lewandowski at Lehigh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gina Lewandowski Official blog on Women's Soccer United

description: association football player

wikidata_label: Gina Lewandowski

wikipedia_title: Gina Lewandowski


text:
Japan
Emperor Saga
Danrin-ji
Edward Kamens
"Heian Japan, Centers and Peripheries."
OCLC 71542885
Kōjien
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon
"The Imperial House of Japan."
OCLC 194887

categories: 786 births,850 deaths,Japanese empresses

paragraph: Tachibana no Kachiko

paragraph: , also known as , was a Japanese empress, the chief consort of Emperor Saga and the daughter of .

paragraph: The empress was a devout Buddhist. She founded the Buddhist Danrin-ji temple complex, and for this reason, she came to be called Danrin"-kōgō."

paragraph: She died in the 4th day of the 5th month of 850.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adolphson, Mikael S., Edward Kamens and Stacie Matsumoto. (2006). "Heian Japan, Centers and Peripheries." Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ; OCLC 71542885

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kōjien, 6th edition

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan." Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887

description: Japanese empress

wikidata_label: Tachibana no Kachiko

wikipedia_title: Tachibana no Kachiko


text: Thoroughbred

text: racehorses

text: Melbourne Cup

text: "Archer"

text: Tim Whiffler

text: "Chester"

text: Calamia

text: Bart Cummings

text: Australian Racing Hall of Fame

text: Bart Cummings

text: George Street, Sydney

text: Tank Stream

text: Prosper de Mestre

text: Mary Ann Black

text: John Black

text: Liverpool, England

text: Shoalhaven

text: Bathurst

text: Goulburn

text: Numba

text: Jembaicumbene

text: Braidwood

text: Aboriginal

text: Guboo Ted Thomas

text: Aboriginal

text: Lloyd Nolan Hornsby

text: Shoalhaven River

text: horse stud

text: stable

text: racecourse

text: AJC Queen Elizabeth Stakes

text: Rain Lover

text: Victoria

text: Roy de Maistre

text: London

text: Patrick White

text: Jervis Bay

text: Moss Vale

text: Bong Bong, New South Wales

text: Australian Dictionary of Biography

text: MUP

text: Australian Racing Museum - E de Mestre

text: Shoalhaven Hall of Sporting Fame

categories: 1916 deaths,Australian Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees,Australian horse trainers,1832 births,Australian racehorse owners and breeders

paragraph: Etienne L. de Mestre

paragraph: Etienne Livingston de Mestre (9 April 1832 – 22 October 1916), was a 19th-century Australian breeder and jockey of Thoroughbred racehorses, was Australia's first outstanding racehorse trainer. In his 30-year career he experienced all the highs and the lows of the turf in a career which ended with him dependent on donations from racing friends.

paragraph: With the five wins de Mestre achieved in the Cup's first 18 years, he held the record for training the most Melbourne Cup winners for nearly 100 years. De Mestre won the first two Melbourne Cups with "Archer" in 1861 and 1862, and later trained a further three winners: "Tim Whiffler" (1867); "Chester" (1877); and "Calamia" (1878). He set a training record for Melbourne Cup winners which was finally broken by Bart Cummings in 1977. De Mestre also trained many other feature race winners including two AJC and two VRC Derbies and an Epsom Handicap. In recognition of his outstanding achievements, Etienne de Mestre was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame part of the Australian Racing Museum on 12 September 1992. One could best describe Etienne de Mestre as the "Bart Cummings" (the greatest of all Australian Racehorse trainers) of the 19th century.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Etienne was born in George Street, Sydney on 9 April 1832 in his parents' home, on the same block of land backing onto the Tank Stream that his mother had been born 30 years earlier. He was the third and youngest son of the Frenchman Prosper de Mestre, a Sydney merchant, and Sydney-born Mary Ann Black and grandson of privateer John Black. His career was a series of triumphs with a long succession of champion horses passing through his hands. Many of these he bred himself, and many others such as "Archer", "Tim Whiffler", "Chester", "Yattendon", "Plant" and "Veno" he trained, and even sometimes rode. De Mestre's association with George Taylor Rowe (1822–1859) of Liverpool, England, the owner of the celebrated "Veno", and the father of the little girl who was to grow up and one day to be his wife; and with his good school-friend Thomas John "Tom" Roberts (1831–1899) of Jembaicumbene near Braidwood, one of the owners of many champion horses including "Mariner", "Sailor", "Archer", and "Tim Whiffler", was at the forefront of a wonderful career of thirty years. He occupied a leading place among the racing celebrities of Australia and was the first national sportsman to represent the Shoalhaven district where he lived.

paragraph: As a school boy Etienne loved thoroughbred horse racing, and developed into an excellent horseman, amateur jockey, and trainer. De Mestre spent his school holidays racing and working with the thoroughbred horses on his school-friend Thomas John "Tom" Roberts' "Exeter Farm" at Jembaicumbene. It has been said that in 1847, at the age of 15, and just three years after his father's death, he won the main event at Bathurst on his favourite Roberts' horse "Sweetheart". There is no newspaper support to sustain this story. It is possible that he was at the Goulburn races as a spectator after having ridden there with Tom. De Mestre later leased and trained "Nancy", a foal of "Sweetheart". He raced "Nancy" at Numba in 1856 and 1857.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In about 1850 Etienne's first child Helen "Ellen" de Mestre (c.1850-1934) was born in the vicinity of Jembaicumbene near Braidwood when he was only about 18. Ellen's mother was the Aboriginal girl Sarah Lamb. One of Ellen's grandchildren Guboo Ted Thomas (1909–2002), who was born under a gum-tree at Jembaicumbene, became a prominent Aboriginal leader, and the last initiated tribal elder on the South Coast of New South Wales; and one of her great grand children Lloyd Nolan Hornsby (1947- ) was born in Brisbane to "Ellen" de Mestre's grand daughter Gladys. Lloyd Nolan Hornsby came to prominence as an urbanized contemporary Aboriginal artist combining Aboriginal dot painting with visions of contemporary Australian life and landscapes.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: In the early 1850s de Mestre went into partnership with his elder brother Andre Cotteral de Mestre (1823–1917) and leased a section of the "Terara" (near the mouth of the Shoalhaven River) from their mother. There they established a horse stud, stable and racecourse where unofficial races were held and which was said to be the finest training track in the colony. After inheriting "Terara" on their mother's death in 1861 they converted the rest of the farm into the best training and breeding establishment outside Sydney.

paragraph: In 1857 Etienne de Mestre rode George Taylor Rowe's horse "Plant" to victory in the Liverpool Club's Members Plate. George Taylor Rowe's horse "Veno" had already been sent from Sydney to Melbourne by steamship. After the Liverpool meeting de Mestre steamed to Melbourne with George Taylor Rowe to assist in the training preparation of "Veno" for the first inter-colonial Champion Challenge race between the champions of New South Wales and Victoria at Flemington. "Veno" won against the Victorian champion in front of 20,000 spectators.

paragraph: Etienne became recognised as a master trainer, coming to prominence after leasing, training, and successfully racing Rowland Hassall & Tom Roberts' "Exeter Farm" bred colts "Mariner" and "Sailor" from 1857 to 1859. This made him an overnight success as a trainer, with owners throughout the area keen to send him their best horses.

paragraph: Section::::Melbourne Cup.

paragraph: In 1861 De Mestre first sent horses of his own from Sydney to Melbourne by steamship. He sent three horses to run in the inaugural Melbourne Cup. His prowess as a trainer was significantly boosted by winning the Cup with one of these horses, "Archer", a horse that he leased from Hassall & Roberts and raced in his own name. "Archer" raced again the next day to win another 2 mile long distance race, the Melbourne Town Plate. The next year, after "Archer" had won the 1862 AJC Queen Elizabeth Stakes in Randwick, Sydney, de Mestre again shipped horses including "Archer" to Melbourne to race in the Melbourne Cup. "Archer" won his second Melbourne Cup by 10 lengths. Winning the Melbourne Cup twice was a feat not repeated until more than seventy years later when "Peter Pan" won the race in 1932 and 1934, and winning the Melbourne Cup two years in a row was a feat not repeated until more than 100 years later when "Rain Lover" won in 1968 and 1969.

paragraph: De Mestre’s plans to run Archer in the third Melbourne Cup in 1863 were upset when, after already having shipped "Archer" and other horses to Melbourne, the Victoria Turf Club declared that de Mestre's telegraph of acceptance for Archer for the Cup had arrived late and scratched Archer on a technicality. In protest of this decision and in a show of solidarity, all the interstate owners boycotted the third race and scratched their horses in sympathy. What was unknown at the time, however, was that due to injuries "Archer" would later sustain in the lead up to the Cup it is unlikely that he would have been able to race. As a result, the scratchings the Melbourne Cup of that year ran with only the 7 local Victorian starters, the smallest number in the history of the Cup.

paragraph: Following the debacle over the third Melbourne Cup, de Mestre swore that he would never again race in Victoria. But he did. In 1867 he returned to the Melbourne Cup with horses from his stable. He set a new record and won for a third time with a horse that he leased from the owners of "Archer", "Tim Whiffler". Each year he continued to ship horses to Melbourne to compete in the Melbourne Cup. De Mestre meanwhile built a formidable record in other classic races in Victoria and NSW.

paragraph: In 1872 de Mestre's rival trainer 'Honest' John Tait beat de Mestre's record and had won four Melbourne Cups. It was not until 1877 that de Mestre was able to match this new record, and not until 1878 that he was able to beat and hold it for the next 99 years.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: On 27 December 1873, aged 41, Etienne de Mestre married 21-year-old Clara Eliza Rowe (1852–1934), daughter of George Taylor Rowe (1822–1859), at St Matthias's Church, Paddington. Twenty years older than Clara, Etieene had known her since she was a young child and watched her grow up. Together they had eleven children, 10 of whom survived infancy. Their youngest son, Roy de Maistre (1894–1968), born after de Mestre had retired from training, was a successful artist who lived the later part of his life in London where he formed a friendship with novelist Patrick White.

paragraph: In 1876 de Mestre's entry in the Melbourne Cup, favourite "Robin Hood", and ten other horses were lost at sea when the S.S. City of Melbourne was struck by a severe storm off the coast at Jervis Bay.

paragraph: The loss of "Robin Hood" did not stop de Mestre from transporting horses by sea to Melbourne to compete in the Melbourne Cup. In the next two years de Mestre won two more Melbourne Cups with "Chester" in 1877 and "Calamia" in 1878. Having then won 5 Melbourne Cups established his place in history as Australia's first outstanding racehorse trainer.

paragraph: With his Melbourne Cup win on "Calamia" in 1878, De Mestre also equalled his rival John Tait's record set 6 years earlier of owning the winners of 4 Melbourne Cup. However, although 2 of the 3 horses that won these races, "Archer" and "Tim Whiffler", raced in Etienne de Mestre's name, and therefore de Mestre is recorded by history as their owner, they was not actually legally owned by de Mestre. Instead de Mestre leased from the "Exeter Farm", for training and racing purposes, both "Archer" (1861, 1862) and "Tim Whiffler" (1867). As a lessee de Mestre "owned" and was fully responsible for the horses during the leases, including keeping any of their purses. "Archer" and "Tim Whiffler" were leased from Thomas John "Tom" Roberts (a close school-friend of de Mestre), Rowland H. Hassall (Tom's brother-in-law), and Edmund Molyneux Royds and William Edward Royds (Tom's nephews, the sons of Thomas Molyneux Royds who before his death in 1852 had owned Archer's dam and sire). When "Archer" was retired from racing he was not retained by de Mestre for breeding purposes but was returned to his legal owners at "Exeter Farm".

paragraph: De Mestre's success as a trainer or an owner were not repeated in the betting ring. He frequently gambled on the wrong runner from his stable, and many times lost to the bookmakers all his considerable stake winnings from a carnival. In 1882, the first year bookmakers were licensed at Flemington, he tried to recoup some of his gambling losses by betting on two of his horses for a VRC Derby-Melbourne Cup double in what is reputed to be the largest single bet ever placed in the Colonies up to that time. After winning the first leg of the bet with "Navigator", he scratched this same horse from the Cup as he felt that his other horse "Sweet William" would be the winner. Injury prior to the race placed "Sweet William" in 5th place, and de Mestre lost his gamble.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: De Mestre encountered many financial and health problems in the early 1880s and at the age of 51, in 1883, his inherited property of "Terara" was auctioned off to pay his debts, and the all-black livery of the Terara stable disappeared from the colonial racing world. Although most successful as owner and trainer, De Mestre had been persuaded to invest heavily in Queensland property and it was here that he ran into trouble. A severe drought in Queensland, and also on the Shoalhaven, broke him financially. Finally he sold up, and when his health began to fail, friends organised a benefit race meeting for him. It was extremely successful and the proceeds enabled him to live quietly yet comfortably until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died at "Garryowen" at Moss Vale on 22 October 1916 at the age of 84, and was buried in the Church of England cemetery at Bong Bong, New South Wales.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Masters Touch, Racing with Etienne de Mestre, Winner of 5 Melbourne Cups" by Keith W. Paterson, Published by Keith W. Paterson [Nowra] (2008) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- D. R. Hainsworth, 'de Mestre, Etienne Livingstone (1832 - 1916)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 4, MUP, 1967, pp 42–43.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Racing Museum - E de Mestre

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shoalhaven Hall of Sporting Fame

description: Australian horse trainer

wikidata_label: Etienne L. de Mestre

wikipedia_title: Etienne L. de Mestre


text:
Pesaro
Dresden
baritone
Rossini
Stendhal
Le nozze di Figaro
Prague
Domenico Guardasoni
Da Ponte
Don Giovanni
Magic Flute
Prague
Dresden
Freeman, Daniel E.

categories: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's singers,1766 births,Italian operatic baritones,People from Pesaro,1825 deaths

paragraph: Luigi Bassi

paragraph: Luigi Bassi, Pesaro, 5 September 1766 – Dresden, 13 September 1825, was an Italian operatic baritone.

paragraph: When writing his "Life of Rossini", Stendhal tells of the time in 1813 when he met Bassi in Dresden and spoke of "Mr Mozart;" Bassi said he was entranced that someone should still refer to him as "Mr" Mozart. The affection he felt for the great master was thus clear to the casual visitor, but can also be understood from the importance of the roles he gave Bassi towards the end of his life.

paragraph: At the age of just twenty, he sang the role of Count Almaviva at the Prague premiere of Mozart's "Le nozze di Figaro," after which contemporaries said,

paragraph: The people of Prague were so happy with this performance of the opera composed by the man they called "Mozard" that they asked Domenico Guardasoni, impresario of the Prague National Theatre, to organise another opera. Guardasoni wrote to Da Ponte and work began on "Don Giovanni". It was only natural that Bassi was called upon to sing again, and the role of Don Giovanni was written specially for him (with several joking references to the performance given the previous year). He did not like "Finch'han dal vino," and asked Mozart to write another number where he could show off his vocal talents to the best; Mozart wrote "Là ci darem la mano" for Bassi, who is said to have forced five re-writes until he was satisfied.

paragraph: Bassi moved to Leipzig, and there he sang Papageno in the Magic Flute in 1793, but shortly afterwards his singing ability had deteriorated (although his acting ability was as great as ever). A newspaper article said of him:

paragraph: Bassi moved to Prague, but the war forced him to seek protection from Prince Lobkowitz and he occasionally travelled to Vienna to sing. In 1814 he moved to Dresden, where he worked for the Italian company. He still sang Mozart roles, and he was popular with audiences, although his voice was beginning to fail. Until his death he would occasionally travel to Italy for singing engagements, but in later life only sang sacred works.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freeman, Daniel E. "Mozart in Prague" (2013). .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schneider, Magnus Tessing: "Mozart, Luigi Bassi, and 'Fin ch'han dal vino'". In "Danish Yearbook of Musicology", Vol. 37 (2009), pp. 39–55.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schneider, Magnus Tessing: "Laughing with Casanova: Luigi Bassi and the Original Production of "Don Giovanni"". In "Mozart in Prague: Essays on Performance, Patronage, Sources, and Reception", ed. Kathryn L. Libin, Mozart Society of America / Society for Eighteenth-Century Music, Prague 2016, pp. 403-19.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Waidelich, Till Gerrit: "'Don Juan von Mozart, (für mich componirt.)' Luigi Bassi eine Legende zu Lebzeiten, sein Nekrolog und zeitgenössische Don-Giovanni-Interpretationen". In Manfred Hermann Schmid (ed.): "Mozart-Studien", Vol. 10, Tutzing 2001, pp. 181–211.

description: Italian opera singer

wikidata_label: Luigi Bassi

wikipedia_title: Luigi Bassi


text:
Benevento
Italy
virtuoso
chitarra battente
baroque guitar
Eugenio Bennato
Naples
Città della Scienza
Ferdinando e Carolina
Lina Wertmuller
Massimo Troisi
Medici
Florence
World Music
Franco Del Prete
Peppino Di Capri
Roberto De Simone
chitarra battente
Il Socrate immaginario
Giovanni Paisiello
San Carlo Theatre
Naples
L'Arpeggiata
Christina Pluhar
Alpha
Naïve
EMI
Carnegie Hall
New York City
Walt Disney Concert Hall
Los Angeles
Barbican Center
London
Wigmore Hall
Salle Gaveau
Taranta Power
Che il mediterraneo sia
tarantella
Chitarra battente
Via Crucis
Mediterraneo
Music for a while

categories: Italian performers of early music,1969 births,Italian lutenists,People from Benevento,Living people

paragraph: Marcello Vitale

paragraph: Marcello Vitale (born in 1969 in Benevento, Italy) is a virtuoso performer and recording artist on the chitarra battente and baroque guitar, as well as a composer and a teacher of these instruments.He is the father of the famous Falafel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1997 he performed as a soloist in "Lezioni di tarantella", an event organised by Eugenio Bennato, held in Naples at Città della Scienza. On that occasion he joined the group Musicanova.

paragraph: In 1999, together with Lilli Greco and Paolo Raffone, composes and performs the soundtrack of the film "Ferdinando e Carolina" by the Director Lina Wertmuller, earning the "European Prize Massimo Troisi" to the music. In the same year he was elected an honorary member of the Medici Academy of Florence for his works in the World Music.

paragraph: In 2001, together with drummer Franco Del Prete, writes the song "Pioverà", performed at the Sanremo Festival in the same year by Peppino Di Capri.

paragraph: In 2005 is called by Roberto De Simone to play the chitarra battente in his work, "Il Socrate immaginario" by Giovanni Paisiello (Director and musical review by R. De Simone) represented in the month of September to San Carlo Theatre in Naples.

paragraph: Since 2001 collaborates with the ensemble "L'Arpeggiata" directed by Christina Pluhar, with whom he recorded two CDs for the label Alpha, one for Naïve and three for EMI and performed in the most important concert halls around the world such as Carnegie Hall in New York City, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, the Barbican Center in London, the Wigmore Hall in London, the Salle Gaveau in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 – "Magicorò"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 – "Le tarantelle del Gargano"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – "Pape Kanoute"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – "Taranta Power"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – "Lezioni di tarantella"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 – "Che il mediterraneo sia"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 – "Intrasatta"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 – "La tarantella"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 – "Chitarra battente"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 – "Napoli mediterranea"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 – "All'improvviso"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 – "Truffe & other sturiellett' vol. 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 – "Le tarantelle del rimorso"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 – "AltoCalore"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 – "Los impossibles"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 – "Teatro d'amore"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 – "Via Crucis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 – "Los pajaros perdidos"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 – "Mediterraneo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 – "Music for a while"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20080430015848/http://marcellovitale.net/

description: Italian musician

wikidata_label: Marcello Vitale

wikipedia_title: Marcello Vitale


text:
University of Southern California
Arizona State University
Buff, Straub and Hensman
Sunset
Frank O. Gehry
Pierre Koenig
Frank Lloyd Wright
Henry Mather Green
R.M. Schindler
Richard Neutra
Julius Shulman
Buff, Straub and Hensman
Craig Ellwood
Alfred Newman Beadle
Pierre Koenig
Ralph Haver
TEACO
V-12 Navy College Training Program
Esther McCoy
Walter Gropius
Le Corbusier
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
William Wurster
Sunset Magazine
Residence for Mr & Mrs Marcus Whiffen
modernphoenix.net

categories: USC School of Architecture alumni,Architects from Los Angeles,1998 deaths,American naval personnel of World War II,1920 births,20th-century American architects,Place of birth missing

paragraph: Calvin C. Straub

paragraph: Calvin Chester Straub FAIA (March 16, 1920 – 1998) was an American-born architect who had significant impact on architecture as both a designer and an educator. His modesty, confidence, passion for life, and no-nonsense approach resonated with a generation that, like himself, came of age in the World War II era. His influence extended through four subsequent generations as a popular professor of Architecture.

paragraph: Straub was a professor of architecture at University of Southern California (1946–1961) and Arizona State University (1961–1988). As a senior partner at Buff, Straub and Hensman, he joined forces with his former students and USC alumni to produce an important body of work. The lifestyle magazine "Sunset" often featured his accomplishments, which were considered influential in shaping a post-World War II contemporary Southern California style. His enthusiasm for architecture inspired generations of students, including Frank O. Gehry, Pierre Koenig, and many others — common among gifted and committed instructors, some reached pinnacles of success, wealth, or fame that eluded him.

paragraph: Straub lived and worked at the epicentre of the evolving Southern California architecture of his day. He knew Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959), Henry Mather Green (1870–1954), R.M. Schindler (1887–1953) personally, and was briefly an employee of Richard Neutra (1892–1970).

paragraph: His architectural work was published extensively, usually with images by famed architectural photographer Julius Shulman. Straub is best known for his Southern California buildings, especially the approximately 30, mostly residential projects produced in his partnership with Conrad Buff III and Donald Hensman: Buff, Straub and Hensman (1956-1961),later named Buff, Smith and Hensman after Straub's departure. This work won numerous awards.

paragraph: Straub and his contemporaries had a common culture — a comradeship born through military training and shared wartime experiences — that inspired a progressive architectural movement. The community of like-minded architects who were also military veterans included Craig Ellwood (1922–1992), Alfred Newman Beadle (1927–1998), Gordon Drake (1917–1951), Pierre Koenig (1925–2009), Ralph Haver (1915–1987).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born March 16, 1920, he spent his earliest years in a residence on Nob Hill in San Francisco. In 1934, the family moved to Mamaroneck, New York; in 1935, to Macon, Georgia; and in 1940, to Los Angeles and then Pasadena.

paragraph: His father, Chester Straub, was a businessman who struggled with the economic impact of the Great Depression. Calvin recalled, "I have the clearest memory of my father. He had a V-12 Cadillac convertible sedan. It was chocolate brown and all the valve covers were jewel headed. He wore a black Chesterfield coat with a black homburg. It was the Depression and I don’t think he had a nickel to his name. But, he had a great car and he looked like a million bucks."

paragraph: Upon high school graduation, Calvin enrolled at Pasadena Junior College, where he took courses in architecture and was active in the ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Center) program. While many of his classmates subsequently enrolled in architecture school at USC, its tuition was beyond Chester Staub's means. He could, however, afford to send his son to Texas A&M, in College Station, Texas, which he did.

paragraph: Just before the war, Straub married Sylvia Gates (1920–1974), a granddaughter of William Day Gates, founder of the American Terracotta company and its arts-and-crafts line: Gates TEACO. The firm's terra cotta appears on famous Chicago works by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright.

paragraph: In the fall of 1941, Straub arrived in College Station for his university and military education. On December 7 of that year, he was in Independence, Texas, with Professor Bill Caudell and two other students looking at old regional buildings when they heard on the radio that Pearl Harbor had been attacked. Straub’s draft board instructed him to return to Pasadena and wait to be drafted; he chose instead to join the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which allowed him to finish his education while awaiting deployment. In a short time, he went from being an A&M student to a graduate of USC, the school he had originally hoped to attend. He graduated as an Ensign in 1944 and reported to his ship, L.S.T. 602, in New Orleans to prepare for Europe. As he later recalled, "I had taken some classes in navigation, and was then handed a navigator's case with maps and instruments and told to take the ship out of port and to Europe."

paragraph: In 1974, Sylvia died prematurely at age 51. As her husband later said, "She was my wife but also my partner in our career. We made a pretty good team for over thirty years — I still miss her." They had two daughters, Kris and Kathrin. Kathrin went on to become a successful potter and artist in the Gates family tradition. Kris had two children. After Sylvia's death, Straub seemed to lose much of his vitality, most notably in his later years.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Professorship at USC, ASU.

paragraph: In 1946, after his tour of duty, Straub arrived back in Pasadena, California, intent on resuming his architectural career. At USC, he visited Arthur Gallion, who offered him a teaching position there At the time, USC was a hotbed of new ideas brought about by the aftermath of the war. Straub would eventually become dean of the College of Architecture. He and the school became focused on architectural responses to social issues, such as the population boom in Los Angeles and the need for low-cost housing with limited resources. "Employment in hand, Straub still faced the problem so common to millions of other returning veterans; the lack of housing ... Straub's circle of friends included a number of individuals that had never had any construction experience, but, who concluded that if they helped each other, they could solve their housing dilemma. To Straub fell the responsibly of the design of several very low-cost houses"[5]. After borrowing a set of plans as an example from Richard Neutra he began to design. He built his cottage in 1947. He developed for them a post and beam structural system. Experimenting by trial and error, the final product was lightweight, yet ridge utilizing large expanses of glass. This system was disseminated through the nation by its publication and Julius Shulman's photography. It measured 16'x24', and had been built by war-surplus materials, "the cost was $800.00 plus our own labor and bruised thumbs." said Straub. For this invention, Esther McCoy dubbed Calvin. C. Straub the "Father of California Post and Beam Architecture"

paragraph: Straub's early design's were most influential in the era recognized as mid century modernism. A design vocabulary birthed in the LA Basin in the late forties through early sixties of the twentieth century. Straub became an "“heir of the ‘woodsy’ Arts and Crafts tradition”" being "acquainted with the modernist movement led in the west by Nuetra but initiated by Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,” and, because of his own interests, “accepted it with enthusiasm."

paragraph: In his book, "The Man-made Environment: An Introduction to World Architecture and Design", Straub himself refers to Arts and Crafts architecture only obliquely, focusing instead on "the small-scale buildings and houses" designed by the Bay Region architects "who were continuing to evolve forms of modern architecture in the tradition of Maybeck, Gill, and the Greene Brothers." This created a synthesis of strongly divergent influences. This synthesis was informed by a principle based design philosophy rather than aesthetics or technological advancements.

paragraph: "Using building materials expressive of the naturalist philosophy of the West, the design theories of the 'Arts and Crafts' Movement, and the functional traditions of the Chicago School, they carried on the development of an 'American architecture' ... Although functional in planning and concept, their designs were not overly concerned with expressing technology or mechanical functionalism as in the European 'international style'. It was more committed to humanism, the natural landscape, and the life styles of people than to abstract principles of theory."

paragraph: Calvin C. Straub created an artisan architecture. His designs were born of craft, not technology, inspired by natural materials, informed by a personal artistic expression yet firmly committed to principles of humanism, function, responsive to the patron, context and climate; for the pleasure of use.

paragraph: ""Straub was committed to a humanist architecture. Like other regional modernists, he adopted a pragmatic approach, eschewing the dogmatic rigidity found in the purest forms of both the Arts and Crafts and Modernist movements. The Bay Region Style was, after all, about fusion, what Gwendolyn Wright calls “a joyful Modernism that freely mixed local vernaculars with Japanese and European influences, native redwood with industrial materials, compositional order with quirky details." This was architecture as a means to an end, not the end itself. As architect William Wurster suggested, "Architecture is not a goal. Architecture is for life and pleasure and for people. The picture frame, and not the picture.""

paragraph: In 1961 Straub moved to Arizona and began teaching at Arizona State University and practising architecture in the region. His later works contributed to the development of the Sonoran Desert regional vocabulary yet maintained the same principles of his earlier work. His work was a bridge between the California art's and crafts architects and the desert modernists. He also travelled the world extensively for his World Architecture lecture course. It was attended by over 12,000 students. His travels drooped into the western architectural design vocabulary forms and world architectural influences. The Western Savings and Loan branch bank in Phoenix, Arizona reflects his inventive creativity. Straub said, "We created that roof form to hide the mechanical units, it was a smashing Idea." This project was used for his widely utilized architectural text "Design Process and Communications". This roof form swept across the architectural landscape and is arguably the first use of this Polynesian inspired roof form in a modern western structure.

paragraph: Section::::Statement of Intent or Manifesto.

paragraph: As an introduction to a retrospective exhibit of his work assembled in 1987, Straub recalled a "Statement of Intent" he wrote as a young architect in the 1950s. He felt that the ideals expressed in this youthful manifesto had retained their validity for him into the twilight of his career. A study of his works should reflect these principles again and again:

paragraph: BULLET::::- To recognize the unique nature of each client, each site, each project-there should be no preconceptions to the design

paragraph: BULLET::::- To realize, in form, the role of architecture as a means to an end, not an end in itself. It should be an inspiring background for living, not a monument

paragraph: BULLET::::- To create order and unity with simplicity as an antidote for the chaos and environmental anarchy of the times

paragraph: BULLET::::- To approach architecture in a direct and honest manner-not to search for the devious and fashionable

paragraph: BULLET::::- To understand the difference between the validity of traditions and the dead end of the cliché of eclecticism

paragraph: BULLET::::- To participate in the total architectural process; design, construction, landscape and interiors, to bring it all together as a creative whole

paragraph: BULLET::::- To search for refinement and self-development as opposed to sensationalism and self-indulgence

paragraph: BULLET::::- To continue to learn through the process of observation, experimentation, and active participation in architecture. To live and to build

paragraph: Section::::Summary of the characteristics of the Western House.

paragraph: In Straub's lecture notes prepared for a 1982 College of Architecture, Arizona State University symposium on the American House for "The Historical Development of the Western Home," one recognizes his values. These tenets are what he promoted and likely contributed through his life's work as a designer and educator of a unique form of American Architecture.

paragraph: They also summarize much of the work promoted in that era through "Sunset Magazine", and many other western publications, including "Arts and Architecture" and its case study program that made Straub and others famous.

paragraph: BULLET::::- There is a concern for the "Total Environment" - the integration of House, Site, and landscaped structure into a unified whole that is harmonious with the natural environment.

paragraph: BULLET::::- These houses are more concerned with the human experience within the house rather than with a pre-occupation with the external appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Western House is more concerned with creating a background for people rather than a dominating formal statement. Criteria are serenity, unobtrusiveness and avoidance of self-conscious pretentiousness.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The use of simple natural material and expressed structure appropriate to climate, function and site.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Planning is open and fluid-both horizontally and vertically., but still respects and celebrates the biological realities of family life and privacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In general the absence of formality reflects the traditional western informal way of living.

paragraph: BULLET::::- To summarize: the Western House is a natural house, more concerned with the well being of the people than with formalism, closely involved with the natural environment, and philosophically dedicated to "the good life".

paragraph: These observations by Calvin C. Straub on the western home perhaps most clearly define his work, his contribution to architecture and that of those contemporaries who shared similar principles. Those Cal Straub and his comrades would have defined as "one of us."

paragraph: Section::::Projects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 Calvin Straub "Cottage," Altadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 Kenneth Brown "Cottage," Sierra Madre, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 Hugh Gates House, Pasadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 Paul Caler Residence, West La Cañada, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 Henry Hoag Residence, Pasadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 Richard Sedlacheck Residence, Laurel Canyon Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 Frank McCauley Residence, Bel Air, Los Angeles, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 Calvin Straub Residence, Altadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 Virginia Fischer Residence, Mandeville Canyon, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 Milton Farstein Residence, Pacific Palisades, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 George Brandwo Residence, San Marino, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 William Robertson Residence, Altadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 W. Brace Residence, Altadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 C. Mello Residence, Pasadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 Richard Frank Residence, Pasadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 Holland Residence, Pasadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954/1988 Lawry's California Center Office Bldg, Sales & Garden, Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 Idyllwild School of Music and Arts (USC) (Administration Bldg, Theater & Class Studios), Idyllwild, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 Dr. W. Thompson Residence, Pasadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 Jack Thompson Residence, Pasadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 D. Edwards Residence, Beverly Hills, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956/57 Dr. J. Shields Residence, Pacific Palisades, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 Van de Kamp Residence, Beverly Hills, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 Dr. Thomas N. Hubble Residence nr. 1, Laguna Beach, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 Saul Bass Residence (Case Study House #20), Altadena

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 Dr. S. Fine Residence, Pacific Palisades, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 H. Gates Residence #2, Pasadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 Tom Wirick Residence, Pasadena, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 Frank Residence, Pasadena

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959/60 Donald Simon Residence, Whittier, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 W. Taylor Residence, Sierra Madre, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 John Thomson Residence

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 Sidney Fine Residence

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 Residence for Mr. Steve McQueen, Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963 Residence for Mr & Mrs Marcus Whiffen, Phoenix, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963 Harry Roth Residence, Beverly Hills

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penn/Walter Van der Kamp Residence, Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 Case Study House #28

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 Lawry's Des Plains Office & Manufacturing Center Des Plains, IL (master plan and offices)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965/66 Carter Norris Residence, Paradise Valley, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966/67 R. Andeen Residence, Paradise Valley, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 M.C. Gill Residence, Pasadena

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 Renovation for Judge Sandra Day O'Connor, Phoenix, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 C. Cummings Residence, Mesa, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 Western Savings & Loan branch bank, Phoenix, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 Dr. Thomas N. Hubble Residence nr. 2, Laguna Beach, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 Western Savings & Loan branch bank, Scottsdale, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 C. Butler Residence, Paradise Valley, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 J. Ellewood Residence, Scottsdale, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 Prescott Public Library, Prescott, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 P. Bidstrup Residence, Paradise Valley, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 Scottsdale Festival Center Park & Flood Control, Scottsdale, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Frank Dining Hall (Pomona College), Pomona, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Dr. Danto Residence, Scottsdale, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 Robert Ellis Residence, Scottsdale, AZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 Dennis & Kathrin Straub Parsons Residence, Kenwood, CA (Wm. Mark Parry, associate)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: 1. Recollections from notes and conversations between Calvin C. Straub and Wm. Mark Parry; Parry was Straub's last associate. (1991–1998)

paragraph: 2. Hensman, D.C. and J. Steele, Buff & Hensman. 2004, Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California Guild Press.

paragraph: 3. "A Personal History of the Straub Family During the Last Hundred Years", by Calvin C. Struab, 1996.

paragraph: 4. Ibid.

paragraph: 5. Richard A. Eribes in "The California Houses of Calvin C. Straub: A Modern Crafts Legacy". Unpublished manuscript.

paragraph: 6. Interviews with Calvin Straub by Richard A. Eribes in “The California Houses of Calvin C. Straub: A Modern Crafts Legacy". Unpublished manuscript

paragraph: partially funded by a grant from the Graham Foundation

paragraph: 7. Winter, R., Toward a Simpler Way of Life: The arts & crafts architects of California. 1997, Berkeley: University of California Press. 310 p.

paragraph: 8. Winter, R., Toward a Simpler Way of Life: The arts & crafts architects of California. 1997, Berkeley: University of California Press. 310 p.

paragraph: 9. Straub, C.C., The Man-made Environment: An Introduction to World Architecture and Design. Prelim. ed. 1983, Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt.

paragraph: 10. Wolf Peter j. Regional Modernism for the Desert:Calvin Straub's Arizona Architecture. modernphoenix.net 2009

description: American architect

wikidata_label: Calvin C. Straub

wikipedia_title: Calvin C. Straub


text: Persian

text: Ghazni

text: Afghanistan

text: Sunni

text: Ghaznavid

text: Bahram-shah

text: Bahram Shah

text: Sufi

text: Attar

text: Jalaluddin Rumi

text: Persian literature

text: qasidah

text: ghazal

text: Sufism

text: Rumi

text: Attar

text: Attar

text: Nizami

text: The Shape of Water

text: Guillermo del Toro

text: Library of Congress

text: List of Persian poets and authors

text: Persian literature

text: Rumi

text: Nizami Ganjavi

text: Attar of Nishapur

text: Sanai in original Persian

categories: Medieval poets,11th-century births,Wisdom literature,12th-century Persian poets,12th-century Iranian people,Sufi poets,1130s deaths,11th-century Iranian people,Iranian Sufis

paragraph: Sanai

paragraph: Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi () was a Persian poet from Ghazni who lived in Ghazni between the 11th century and the 12th century in ancient Iran what is now Afghanistan. He died between 1131 and 1141.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Sanai was a Sunni Muslim. He was connected with the court of the Ghaznavid Bahram-shah who ruled 1117 – 1157.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He wrote an enormous quantity of mystical verse, of which "The Walled Garden of Truth" or "The Hadiqat al Haqiqa" (حدیقه الحقیقه و شریعه الطریقه) is his master work and the first Persian mystical epic of Sufism. Dedicated to Bahram Shah, the work expresses the poet's ideas on God, love, philosophy and reason.

paragraph: For close to 900 years "The Walled Garden of Truth" has been consistently read as a classic and employed as a Sufi textbook. According to Major T. Stephenson: "Sanai’s fame has always rested on his "Hadiqa"; it is the best known and in the East by far the most esteemed of his works; it is in virtue of this work that he forms one of the great trio of Sufi teachers — Sanai, Attar, Jalaluddin Rumi." Sanai taught that lust, greed and emotional excitement stood between humankind and divine knowledge, which was the only true reality ("Haqq"). Love ("Ishq") and a social conscience are for him the foundation of religion; mankind is asleep, living in a desolate world. To Sanai common religion was only habit and ritual.

paragraph: Sanai's poetry had a tremendous influence upon Persian literature. He is considered the first poet to use the "qasidah" (ode), "ghazal" (lyric), and the "masnavi" (rhymed couplet) to express the philosophical, mystical and ethical ideas of Sufism.

paragraph: Section::::Influence and legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Influence and legacy.:Poetic influence.

paragraph: Rumi acknowledged Sanai and Attar as his two great inspirations, saying, "Attar is the soul and Sanai its two eyes, I came after Sanai and Attar." "The Walled Garden of Truth" was also a model for Nizami's "Makhzan al-Asrar" (Treasury of Secrets).

paragraph: Section::::Influence and legacy.:Modern cultural references.

paragraph: There is a reference to Hakim Sanai's poetry near the end of the 2017 film "The Shape of Water" by Guillermo del Toro. In the final scene of the movie, the narrator recites a few verses of poetry without specific attribution, although there is a reference in the film's credit sequence to "Adapted works by Hakim Sanai." Researching for the Library of Congress blog "From the Catbird Seat", Peter Armenti confirmed with the assistance of "Catbird" blog readers that the poem spoken at the end of "The Shape of Water" is del Toro's adaptation of Priya Hemenway's translation of an original poem by Hakim Sanai. Hemenway's translation appears in "The Book of Everything: Journey of the Heart’s Desire : Hakim Sanai’s Walled Garden of Truth" (2002).

paragraph: Section::::Quotations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sanai's poetry stresses the possibility of an "awakening";

paragraph: "While mankind remains mere baggage in the worldbr

paragraph: "It will be swept along, as in a boat, asleep.br

paragraph: "What can they see in sleep?br

paragraph: "What real merit or punishment can there be?"

paragraph: BULLET::::- He who knows not his own soul, how shall he know the soul of another? and he who only knows hand and foot, how shall he know the Godhead? The prophets are unequal to understanding this matter; why dost thou foolishly claim to do so? When thou hast brought forward a demonstration of this subject, then thou wilt know the pure essence of the faith; otherwise what have faith and thou in common? thou hadst best be silent, and speak not folly. The learned talk nonsense all; for true religion is not woven about the feet of everyone.

paragraph: His means for this awakening is surrender to God, his poetry has been called "the essential fragrance of the path of love". He hits out at human hypocrisy and folly;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Others are heedless,—do thou be wise, and on this path keep thy tongue silent. The condition laid on such a one is that he should receive all food and drink from the Causer, not from the causes. Go, suffer hardship, if thou wouldst be cherished; and if not, be content with the road to Hell. None ever attained his object without enduring hardship.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Persian poets and authors

paragraph: BULLET::::- Persian literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rumi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nizami Ganjavi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attar of Nishapur

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hadiqat al-Haqiqa wa Shari'at al-Tariqa" In Encyclopædia Iranica by J.T.P. De Bruijn

paragraph: BULLET::::- E.G. Browne. "Literary History of Persia". (Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing). 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Rypka, "History of Iranian Literature". Reidel Publishing Company. 1968 .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bo Utas, "A Persian Sufi Poem: Vocabulary and terminology". Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series, Curzon Press, 1977.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sanai in original Persian

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Thousand Years of Persian Rubaiyat: An Anthology of Quatrains from the Tenth to the Twentieth Century Along With the Original Persian by Reza Saberi (Paperback - Nov 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diwan i Hakeem Sanai Ghaznavi - Foreword and research by Rahi Mu'airi. Maktab Kahkashan. Mashad, Iran.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sanai, D. L. Pendlebury [Trans] (1974) The Walled Garden of Truth - Abridged (London: Octagon Press)

paragraph: BULLET::::- English translation of parts of the Hadiqa

paragraph: BULLET::::- The first book of the Hadiqatu'l-Haqiqat translated into English, at archive.org.

description: Persian poet

enwikiquote_title: Sanai

wikidata_label: Sanai

wikipedia_title: Sanai


text: American

text: Hall of Fame

text: Thoroughbred

text: racehorse

text: trainer

text: Fredericksburg, Texas

text: Roman Catholic

text: Thoroughbred horse racing

text: Morris Ranch

text: Gillespie County, Texas

text: George W. Loft

text: Arthur B. Hancock

text: Black Sox Scandal

text: Arnold Rothstein

text: Morton L. Schwartz

text: Jane Greer

text: Virginia Fair Vanderbilt

text: King Ranch Stable

text: Sarazen

text: French

text: Epinard

text: International Special

text: American Horse of the Year

text: Belmont Stakes

text: Vito

text: Kentucky Derby

text: Preakness Stakes

text: Bold Venture

text: U.S. Triple Crown

text: Assault

text: Middleground

text: Long Island, New York

text: Cemetery of the Holy Rood

text: Westbury

text: Buddy

text: HBO

text: Boardwalk Empire

text: Arnold Rothstein

text: Bowen, Edward L.

text: Eclipse Press

categories: People from Fredericksburg, Texas,1969 deaths,American horse trainers,1880 births,Burials at the Cemetery of the Holy Rood

paragraph: Max Hirsch

paragraph: Maximilian Justice "Max" Hirsch (July 12, 1880 - April 3, 1969) was an American Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse trainer.

paragraph: Born in Fredericksburg, Texas, and raised Roman Catholic, Hirsch became one of the most successful trainers in Thoroughbred horse racing history. He spent part of his formative years working as a groom and jockey at Morris Ranch in Gillespie County, Texas. Hirsch conditioned horses for various owners including George W. Loft, Arthur B. Hancock, the infamous Black Sox Scandal gambler Arnold Rothstein, Morton L. Schwartz, Jane Greer, and Virginia Fair Vanderbilt, but is best known for his work with the King Ranch Stable, which he joined in the 1930s and for whom he trained until his death in 1969.

paragraph: Sarazen was the first Champion Max Hirsch trained and said his win over the French Champion Epinard in the third race of the 1924 International Specials was his greatest thrill in racing. A Hall of Fame inductee, Sarazen was the American Horse of the Year in 1924 and 1925.

paragraph: Max Hirsch won the first of his four Belmont Stakes in 1928 with Vito. In 1936, he won the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes with Bold Venture and in 1946 captured the U.S. Triple Crown with Bold Venture's son Assault. In 1950, Hirsch won his third Kentucky Derby with another son of Bold Venture, Middleground who also won the Belmont Stakes.

paragraph: Max Hirsch was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1959. He died on April 3, 1969 at the Jewish General Hospital on Long Island, New York and was buried next to his wife, Katherine Josephine Clare (1888-1941), in the Cemetery of the Holy Rood in Westbury, Long Island.

paragraph: His son, Buddy, followed in his footsteps and too was voted into the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Hirsch was featured in the eighth episode of season 2 of the HBO Television series Boardwalk Empire, where he was played by Robert Dorfman. There he was seen to be employed by Arnold Rothstein for training his racehorse Sidereal.

paragraph: Section::::Additional sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas Sports Hall of Fame article on Max Hirsch and the International Special No.3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Hirsch at the United States' National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bowen, Edward L. "Masters of the Turf: Ten Trainers Who Dominated Horse Racing's Golden Age" (2007) Eclipse Press ()

description: American horse trainer

wikidata_label: Max Hirsch

wikipedia_title: Max Hirsch