text: California

text: Los Angeles

text: Heinrich Dockweiler

text: Bishop

text: Francisco Mora y Borrell

text: Loyola Marymount University

text: John Francis Dockweiler

text: Board of Directors

text: Democratic Party

text: Lieutenant Governor of California

text: Franklin K. Lane

text: Governor of California

text: California Supreme Court

text: Republican

text: George Cooper Pardee

text: Woodrow Wilson

text: President of the United States

text: U.S. Secretary of the Interior

text: Board of Indian Commissioners

text: Los Angeles Public Library

text: primary

text: U.S. Senate

text: John B. Elliott

text: U.S. Treasury Secretary

text: William Gibbs McAdoo

text: Democratic National Conventions

text: Denver

text: Philadelphia

text: Chicago

text: Democratic National Committee

text: Will Rogers

text: Roman Catholic

text: Pope Pius XI

text: Knight of St. Gregory

text: Catholic Church

text: Knights of Columbus

text: Knight Commander

text: Saint Gregory

text: Junípero Serra

text: Spanish missions in California

text: Mission Indian Reductions

text: Statuary Hall

text: California Legislature

text: Bear Flag

text: U.S. Flag

text: state flag

text: Calvary Cemetery

text: East Los Angeles

text: Edward Laurence Doheny

text: Beverly Hills

text: U.S. Congress

text: Goodwin Knight

text: Playa del Rey

text: Dockweiler Beach

text: Earl Warren

text: Dockweiler (surname)

text: University of Southern California

text: Francis J. Weber

text: Monsignor

text: The Tidings

text: Archdiocese of Los Angeles

text: Los Angeles Times

text: Metropolitan News-Enterprise

categories: 1947 deaths,American people of German descent,Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Los Angeles),California Democrats,Politicians from Los Angeles,Lawyers from Los Angeles,California lawyers,American Roman Catholics,1867 births,Knights of St. Gregory the Great

paragraph: Isidore B. Dockweiler

paragraph: Isidore Bernard Dockweiler (December 28, 1867 – February 6, 1947) was a prominent California lawyer and politician from a pioneering Los Angeles family.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Isidore Bernard Dockweiler was born in Los Angeles on December 28, 1867, when the small city's population was less than 4,500, to Heinrich Dockweiler (Henry Dockweiler) and Margaretha Sugg. He was affectionately called "Pequeno Ysidro" by Bishop Francisco Mora y Borrell, then the prelate of La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles in Los Angeles, who personally baptised him. Dockweiler would serve in his youth as Mora's "train bearer".

paragraph: He graduated from St. Vincent College (now Loyola Marymount University) in 1887. Dockweiler was admitted to the practice of law October 14, 1889, practicing for 58 years. He married Gertrude Reeve, and he and his wife had 13 children, 11 of which grew to adulthood. Several became attorneys. John Francis Dockweiler would become a Congressman, and later Los Angeles County District Attorney. George Dockweiler would become a superior court judge.

paragraph: Dockweiler served on the Board of Directors of Security First National Bank (1922–1947).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Politics.

paragraph: Dockweiler was the Democratic Party candidate for Lieutenant Governor of California in 1902, along with Franklin K. Lane as Governor of California. Governor-Elect Lane and Lt. Governor-Elect Dockweiler won the electorate's plurality by 25,000 votes, but lost on a minor legal technicality decided by the California Supreme Court - a controversial event. Republican George Cooper Pardee became Governor of California as a result.

paragraph: Dockweiler helped secure California's vote for Woodrow Wilson, who would become President of the United States. Dockweiler was held in high esteem and confidence by Wilson. Lane served as U.S. Secretary of the Interior. When Lane resigned in 1920, Dockweiler was offered the position. Dockweiler declined due to family responsibilities of 11 children. Instead he was appointed by Wilson to the United States Board of Indian Commissioners (1913–1920).

paragraph: He had numerous positions throughout his life, both local and national. He served as President of the Los Angeles City Library Commission. He was the Director of the Los Angeles Public Library (1897–1899) and as ex-President of same (1901–1911).

paragraph: Dockweiler was defeated in the August 31, 1926 Democratic primary for the U.S. Senate nomination for California, losing to John B. Elliott. Elliott was the contestant sponsored by the then former U.S. Treasury Secretary William Gibbs McAdoo.

paragraph: Dockweiler served thrice as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1908 (Denver), 1936 (Philadelphia), and 1940 (Chicago). He served as a member of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) (1916–1932). Will Rogers once characterized Dockweiler as "the Democratic Party of California".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: Dockweiler, a Roman Catholic, was awarded a pontifical knighthood by Pope Pius XI in the spring of 1924, as a Knight of St. Gregory (KSG) for meritorious service to the public, humanity, and the Catholic Church. He was a charter member of the Knights of Columbus. One of his sons, Thomas A. J. Dockweiler, would also receive knighthood later as a Knight Commander of Saint Gregory (KCSG).

paragraph: In 1931 Dockweiler was instrumental in having a statue of Junípero Serra, the founder of the first Spanish missions in California and their Mission Indian Reductions, placed in Statuary Hall in Washington, D.C. He was also instrumental in getting a bill passed in the California Legislature making it the law to fly California's state Bear Flag with the U.S. Flag in or on public buildings. This would eventually be followed by other states for their state flags.

paragraph: Isidore B. Dockweiler was interred in Calvary Cemetery (New Calvary Catholic Cemetery) in East Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Two streets, Dockweiler Street and Dockweiler Place, are named after him in Los Angeles. Isidore became aware of an effort to name a transportation arterial after him. Being humble, he did not like the idea. That street was eventually named Doheny (Edward Laurence Doheny), now part of Beverly Hills, California.

paragraph: By an act of the U.S. Congress, Dockweiler Station Post Office, is named in his honor in Los Angeles.

paragraph: On January 26, 1955, the California State Parks Commission upon request of California Governor Goodwin Knight renamed a portion of the then Venice-Hyperion Beach State Park in Playa del Rey to the Isidore B. Dockweiler Beach State Park, commonly known as Dockweiler Beach, to honor him and the contributions to the public by the Dockweiler Family. Dockweiler served as a member of that same commission from his appointment by California Governor Earl Warren on March 22, 1943 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dockweiler (surname)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Varied Worlds of Isidore B. Dockweiler", by Ellen A. Schneider Kay, Dr. John Baur Studies In California, University of Southern California (USC), June 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Isidore Dockweiler Made History" by Fr. Francis J. Weber [now Monsignor], "The Tidings", Archdiocese of Los Angeles, August 12, 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Daily News, Denver Colorado, July 3, 1908.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Angeles Times, February 7, 1947.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metropolitan News-Enterprise (Los Angeles), Thursday, July 24, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metropolitan News-Enterprise (Los Angeles), Thursday, July 17, 2008.

description: American politician and lawyer

wikidata_label: Isidore B. Dockweiler

wikipedia_title: Isidore B. Dockweiler


text: Vice Versa

text: Punch

text: Kensington

text: Augusta Amherst Austen

text: King's College School

text: Trinity Hall, Cambridge

text: Leonard Guthrie

text: Vice Versa

text: George Gissing

text: Punch

text: voces populi

text: The Man from Blankley's

text: Prince of Wales Theatre

text: The Tinted Venus

text: S. J. Perelman

text: Ogden Nash

text: Kurt Weill

text: One Touch of Venus

text: One Touch of Venus (film)

text: adapted as a play

text: The Brass Bottle

text: Vice Versa

text: Mr. Punch's Pocket Ibsen

text: Molière

text: Le Bourgeois gentilhomme

text: Le Malade imaginaire

text: A Long Retrospect

categories: English humorists,English fantasy writers,People educated at King's College School, London,Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge,1856 births,1934 deaths

paragraph: Thomas Anstey Guthrie

paragraph: Thomas Anstey Guthrie (8 August 1856 - 10 March 1934) was an English author (writing as F. Anstey), most noted for his comic novel "Vice Versa" about a boarding-school boy and his father exchanging identities. His reputation was confirmed by "The Tinted Venus" and many humorous parodies in "Punch" magazine.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: He was born in Kensington, London, to Augusta Amherst Austen, an organist and composer, and Thomas Anstey Guthrie. He was educated at King's College School and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and was called to the bar in 1880.

paragraph: Guthrie married and his younger brother was the physician Leonard Guthrie (1858-1918).

paragraph: Section::::Writing career.

paragraph: The popular success of his story "Vice Versa" (1882) with its topsy turvy substitution of a father for his schoolboy son, at once made his reputation as a humorist of an original type. In 1883, he published a serious novel, "The Giant's Robe", which the late nineteenth century English author George Gissing described as 'very poor stuff'. Anstey discovered (and again in 1889 with "The Pariah") that it was not as a serious novelist but as a humorist that the public insisted on regarding him. As such, his reputation was further confirmed by "The Black Poodle" (1884), "The Tinted Venus" (1885), "A Fallen Idol" (1886), and other works.

paragraph: Guthrie became an important member of the staff of "Punch" magazine, in which his "voces populi" and his humorous parodies of a reciter's stock-piece ("Burglar Bill, &c.") represent his best work. In 1901, his successful farce "The Man from Blankley's" based on a story that originally appeared in "Punch", was first produced at the Prince of Wales Theatre, in London. He wrote "Only Toys" (1903) and "Salted Almonds" (1906).

paragraph: Many of Anstey's stories have been adapted into theatrical productions and motion pictures.

paragraph: "The Tinted Venus" was adapted into a silent film, The Tinted Venus, in 1921.

paragraph: "The Tinted Venus" was adapted by S. J. Perelman, Ogden Nash, and Kurt Weill into "One Touch of Venus" in 1943. A 1948 film, One Touch of Venus (film), was based on Guthrie's book and the musical.

paragraph: "Vice Versa" was adapted as a play in 1883 and has been filmed many times, usually transposed in setting and without any credit to the original book. Another of his novels, "The Brass Bottle", has also been filmed more than once, including "The Brass Bottle" (1964). His "Tourmalin's Time Cheques" (1891) is one of the earliest stories featuring the science fiction concept of intentional and frequent movement in time, and probably the first to investigate the practical paradoxes such a concept would create.

paragraph: Guthrie wrote an autobiography, under both his pen and true names, in 1936 entitled "A Long Retrospect".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Guthrie died on 10 March 1934.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:1880s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vice Versa" (1882)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Poodle And Other Tales" (1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Giant's Robe" (1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tinted Venus" (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Fallen Idol" (1886)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burglar Bill And Other Pieces" (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pariah" (1889)

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:1890s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Voces Populi" (1890)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tourmalin's Time Cheques" (1891)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr. Punch's Model Music-Hall Songs And Dramas" (1892)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Talking Horse And Other Tales" (1892)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Travelling Companions" (1892)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man From Blankley's And Other Sketches" (1893)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr. Punch's Pocket Ibsen" (1893)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Under the Rose" (1894)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lyre and Lancet" (1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Statement of Stella Maberly, Written By Herself" (1896)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baboo Jabberjee, B. A." (1897)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Puppets At Large" (1897)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Among The Lions" (1898)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paleface And Redskin" (1898)

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:1900s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Brass Bottle" (1900)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Bayard From Bengal" (1902)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Only Toys!" (1903)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Salted Almonds" (1906)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Winnie, An Everyday Story" (1909)

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:Later.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Brief Authority" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Percy and Others" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Load" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Would-Be Gentleman" (Adapted From Molière's Le Bourgeois gentilhomme) (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Imaginary Invalid" (Adapted From Molière's Le Malade imaginaire) (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Humour and Fantasy" (1931 - omnibus volume of short stories and four novels)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Long Retrospect" (1936 - autobiography)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tinted Venus" and other works, available at Archive.org, https://archive.org/search.php?query=thomas%20anstey%20guthrie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tinted Venus" (1921) at https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0012760/

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Portrait Gallery sketch and full caricature

description: English novelist and journalist

enwikiquote_title: F. Anstey

wikidata_label: Thomas Anstey Guthrie

wikipedia_title: Thomas Anstey Guthrie


text:
Ride for Your Life
The Ridin' Kid from Powder River
The Hurricane Kid
The Saddle Hawk
Let 'er Buck
The Yellow Back
Prowlers of the Night
The Stolen Ranch
Blazing Days
One Glorious Scrap
Put 'Em Up
Circus Rookies
Battling with Buffalo Bill
Law and Order
Clancy of the Mounted
The Cactus Kid
Sunset Range
The Roaring West
The Day the Bookies Wept

categories: 1896 births,American male film actors,Male Western (genre) film actors,20th-century American male actors,1971 deaths

paragraph: Fred Humes

paragraph: Fred Humes (June 15, 1896 – January 3, 1971) was an American actor best known for his work in Western films.

paragraph: Humes was born and educated in Pittsburgh.

paragraph: He appeared in the films "Ride for Your Life", "The Ridin' Kid from Powder River", "The Hurricane Kid", "The Saddle Hawk", "Let 'er Buck", "The Yellow Back", "Prowlers of the Night", "The Stolen Ranch", "Blazing Days", "One Glorious Scrap", "Put 'Em Up", "Circus Rookies", "Battling with Buffalo Bill", "Law and Order", "Clancy of the Mounted", "The Cactus Kid", "Sunset Range", "The Roaring West" and "The Day the Bookies Wept", among others.

description: actor

wikidata_label: Fred Humes

wikipedia_title: Fred Humes


text:
Seville
People's Party
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
Councillor
deputy
Parliament
Andalusia
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna( ETA)
prosecutor
City Council of Seville
Soledad Becerril
Treasury

categories: People killed by ETA (separatist group),1960 births,Assassinated Spanish politicians,People's Party (Spain) politicians,Spanish politicians,People from Seville

paragraph: Alberto Jiménez-Becerril

paragraph: Alberto Jiménez-Becerril Barrio (August 21, 1960 in Seville – January 30, 1998 in Ibid) was a Spanish politician of the People's Party (PP) assassinated by the terrorist organization Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) in 1998.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alberto Jiménez-Becerril Barrio had a Law and History's Degree. He met his future wife Ascensión at the faculty, where they began their relationship.

paragraph: He was appointed General Secretary of People's Party of Seville in 1983 and Seville’s Councillor since 1987. Alberto was also a deputy of the Parliament of Andalusia, between 1989 and 1990, and he had belonged to Sevilla Club of Fútbol’s Executive.

paragraph: The separatist organization Euskadi Ta Askatasuna( ETA) assassinated Alberto Jiménez-Becerril Barrio and Ascensión García Ortiz in Seville on January 30, 1998. He was murdered at the age of 37. Ascension, Alberto's wife, worked at a law firm as a prosecutor in court. In the time that the murderer was committed, she was 39 years old and had three children; four years old, seven years old and eight years old as result of his marriage to Alberto.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Murder.

paragraph: Alberto Jiménez-Becerril was councillor at the City Council of Seville for twelve years. He was elected through the lists of the People's Party, this party held the Mayor's Office with Soledad Becerril. He held the positions of Second Lieutenant of the Mayor and Municipal Delegate of the Treasury.

paragraph: On January 30, 1998 Jiménez-Becerril and his wife, Ascension Garcia Ortiz, a procurator of the Courts of Seville, were killed by an ETA’s member on the street in the Old Town of Seville when they returned to their domicile around one in the morning. He was 37 years old and had three children between the ages of eight to four at the time of this death.

paragraph: His murder caused a great consternation in the city and his funeral was attended by 45,000 people. The funeral was presided by Princess Elena

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Jimenez Becerril Foundation.

paragraph: To perpetuate the memory of the victims, the City Council of Seville promoted the creation of the Anti-Terrorism and Violence Alberto Jiménez-Becerril Foundation which was constituted on December 1999. On March 11, 2014, European Day of the victims of Terrorism, the foundation placed a plaque against terrorism in the bedding of the Plaza of the Incarnation with the phrase of Gandhi, it says: "There is no way for peace, peace is the way." In that same place, an olive tree was planted. On December 28, 2015, they placed another plaque in one of the flowerpots of a square at the crossroads of the street José Laguillo with Arroyo street. The plate has some verses about peace and freedom by the poet Enrique Barrero.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Other awards.

paragraph: The extension of Torneo de Sevilla Street was named after him as Avenida Alberto Jiménez-Becerril. A perpendicular street to the one previously mentioned was named Procurator Ascension Garcia. A stone plaque in memory of the event was placed where the assassination occurred. At the main entrance of Columbus Hall at City Hall, there are two bronze busts of Alberto and Ascension. They also have a tile in their memory on San Jacinto de Triana street.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (in Spanish) Anex:

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:General.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This article makes use of material translated from the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Wikipedia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (in Spanish) Biography of Alberto Jiménez-Becerril Barrio in the "Anti-Terrorism and Violence Alberto Jiménez-Becerril Foundation" webpage

description: Spanish politician

wikidata_label: Alberto Jiménez-Becerril Barrio

wikipedia_title: Alberto Jiménez-Becerril


text:
Edinburgh Women's Suffrage Society
Women's Social and Political Union
Women's Freedom League
Lettice Floyd

paragraph: Jane Clapperton

paragraph: Jane Hume Clapperton (22 September 1832 – 30 September 1914) was a British philosopher, birth control pioneer, social reformer and suffragist .

paragraph: Section::::Life and emerging philosophy.

paragraph: Her father was Alexander Clapperton (d. 1849) and mother Anne Clapperton , née Hume (d. 1872). She had eleven siblings. Her father was a Liberal minded business man who had his children home educated, although Jane was sent to an English boarding school when she was 12 years old due to her frail health. On returning home, she did charitable work whilst remaining a spinster at home with her mother after her father died and siblings married, and then became an active suffragist when she joined the Edinburgh Women's Suffrage Society in 1871, subscribed to the Women's Social and Political Union in 1907 and became a member of the Women's Freedom League in 1908 .

paragraph: Her niece was the leading suffragette Lettice Floyd, known for her openly queer relationship with fellow suffragette Annie Williams. Clapperton's writing was on a philosophy of evolution of humanity and its happiness being related to ethical behaviour which she associated with full sexual freedom, and equality for women - in the home, the workplace and wider society and she advocated social inclusion and poverty eradication .

paragraph: More specificially, Clapperton wrote that through controlling and differentiating the thoughts, feelings and senses people gain self knowledge and self disciple to meet the community's needs.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scientific Meliorism and the Evolution of Happiness (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret Dunsmore: or a socialist home (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A vision of the future : based on the application of ethical principles (1904)

wikidata_label: Jane Clapperton

wikipedia_title: Jane Clapperton


text:
the 36th person to die
Berlin Wall
East Berlin
West Berlin
Berlin-Treptow
"border-crosser"
Berlin Wall Memorial - Horst Kutscher

categories: 1931 births,1963 deaths,Deaths at the Berlin Wall

paragraph: Horst Kutscher

paragraph: Horst Kutscher ( July 5, 1931 - January 15, 1963) was a German coal apprentice and the 36th person to die trying to cross the Berlin Wall from East Berlin to West Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Kutscher was born on July 5, 1931, in Trepkow, the fourth of 13 children to a mechanical engineer and a flower seller.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In April 1956, he fled to West Germany, with his wife and children later following him. A year later, he and his family returned to Berlin-Treptow. He worked as a "border-crosser" in the West until the border was closed in August 1961.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On January 15, 1963, at the border near Rudower Strasse at the sector border between Berlin-Treptow and Berlin-NeuköllnKutscher, Kutscher slid under the barbed-wire fence and then along the security trenches with 25 meters left when he was fatally shot in the head.

paragraph: After the collapse of East Germany, Kutscher’s ex-wife was a witness in the trial against the guard who shot Kutscher. In August 1997, the former guard was sentenced to one year and three months' probation.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Berlin Wall Memorial - Horst Kutscher

wikidata_label: Horst Kutscher

wikipedia_title: Horst Kutscher


text:
tapestry
Diego Velázquez
Las Meninas
Las Meninas

categories: 17th-century Spanish people,Year of birth missing,Year of death missing

paragraph: José Nieto Velázquez

paragraph: José Nieto Velázquez was the queen's chamberlain, or an attendant on a sovereign or lord in his bedchamber , during the 1650s, and he was also in charge of the royal tapestry works—who may have been a relative of the artist.

paragraph: He is also the figure in the doorway in Diego Velázquez's painting "Las Meninas" and may have been a relative of the artist. Although the focus of Las Meninas is highly debated, the vanishing point of the whole painting is José Nieto Velázquez as he stands in the staircase. More specifically, the crook of his arm is the exact vanishing point. He seems to be paused, one foot resting on a step while his weight is on his other leg on a different step. It is unknown if he is coming or going from the stairs.

wikidata_label: José Nieto Velázquez

wikipedia_title: José Nieto Velázquez


text: prince

text: Salm-Kyrburg

text: Croÿ

text: Maximilian, Prince van Hornes

text: Wildgrave

text: Dhaun

text: Rhinegrave

text: Stein

text: Stolberg-Gedern

text: Charles Edward Stuart

text: Louise

text: Jean Bretagne Charles de La Trémoille

text: duc de Thouars

text: Frederick

text: Anne Emmanuel de Croÿ

text: Amalie Zephyrine

paragraph: Philip Joseph, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg

paragraph: Philip Joseph, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg (1709–1779) was the first prince of Salm-Kyrburg, from 1743 to 1779.

paragraph: Section::::Life and reign.

paragraph: He was the second son of Hendrik Gabriel Joseph of Salm-Kyrburg, regent of Salm-Kyrburg from 1696 to 1716, and his wife Princess Maria Theresia de Croÿ. He had an elder brother, John, and a sister, Henriëtte (who married Maximilian, Prince van Hornes, who already had two daughters from a previous marriage, the eldest of whom later married Philip Joseph).

paragraph: The Salm-Mörchingen family lost the titles of "Wildgrave of Dhaun" and "Rhinegrave of Stein" in 1681, when they lacked a male successor. Salm-Kyrburg was from then on run by regents on their behalf. Philip Joseph reigned with his brother John from 1716. When Salm-Kyrburg again arose, this time as a principality, Philip Joseph became its first prince.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: He married in 1742 to Princess Maria Theresa van Hornes, who was made her father's sole heir in 1794, with his titles and country estates thus passing to the princes of Salm-Kyrburg. Emanuel's other daughter, Princess Elisabeth van Hornes, widow of Gustaaf Adolf, Prince of Stolberg-Gedern and mother of Charles Edward Stuart's wife Louise, agreed to this without protest.

paragraph: Philip Joseph and Maria Theresa had 10 children, including a pair of twins:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie Maximiliane Louise (1744–1790), married Jean Bretagne Charles de La Trémoille, duc de Thouars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick (1744–1794), later 2nd prince of Salm-Kyrburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Auguste Friederike (1747–1822), married Duke Anne Emmanuel de Croÿ

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Augustus (1750)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie Louise (born 1753, date of death unknown)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Joseph Ferdinand (1753–1774)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elisabeth Claudine (1756–1757)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amalie Zephyrine (1760–1841), married Anton Aloys, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Albert Henry (1761)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maurice Gustav Adolf (1761–1813), married Countess Christiane von Wartenberg

description: First Prince of Salm-Kyrburg

wikidata_label: Philip Joseph

wikipedia_title: Philip Joseph, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg


text: Paris

text: Brussels

text: prince

text: Salm-Kyrburg

text: Ahaus

text: Bocholt

text: Frederick III

text: Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

text: Schloss Kirn

text: guillotine

text: Amalie Zephyrine

text: Cécile Rosalie Prévôt

text: Bordeaux

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: peace of Lunéville

text: Confederation of the Rhine

text: German Mediatisation

text: prince bishops of Munster

text: amt

text: Bocholt

text: Ahaus

text: Salm-Salm

text: Principality of Salm

text: France

text: Prussia

text: Congress of Vienna

categories: 1859 deaths,People from Paris,1789 births

paragraph: Frederick IV, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg

paragraph: Frederick IV, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg (Frederik Ernst Otto Philip Anton Furnibert; Paris, 14 December 1789 – Brussels, 14 August 1859) was the prince of Salm-Kyrburg, Ahaus and Bocholt from 1794 to 1813. He was the son and successor of Frederick III and his wife, Johanna Franciska of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. He initially had two elder brothers and one younger sister, but all three of these died young.

paragraph: Section::::Life and reign.

paragraph: His mother died in 1790 at the Schloss Kirn, and his father was guillotined in Paris on 25 July 1794. During his minority, his guardian was his aunt, Amalie Zephyrine. On 11 January 1815, he married Cécile Rosalie Prévôt, baroness of Bordeaux (1783–1866). Their only child was Frederick Ernst Joseph Augustus (1823–1887).

paragraph: In 1801, the principality was removed from the Holy Roman Empire at the peace of Lunéville, and in 1806 (with Amalie signing as Frederick's guardian and regent), it became a founding member of the Confederation of the Rhine, gaining protection from Napoleon and effectively freedom of action for itself (albeit as a French satellite).

paragraph: In compensation for the loss of the Salm-Kyburg principality on the left bank of the Rhine, the 1803 German Mediatisation granted Salm-Kyburg lordship over a third of a part of the secularised lands of the prince bishops of Munster that had previous belonged to the amts of Bocholt and Ahaus to compensate for his loss in 1801. The other two-thirds were granted to Konstantin Alexander Joseph zu Salm-Salm in compensation for his lost lands on the Rhine. The princes of Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg reigned over these aforementioned lands as a joint principality, the Principality of Salm.

paragraph: On 13 December 1811, Frederick IV and Konstantin Alexander lost Salm entirely to France, which annexed it outright, and then two years later it was annexed to Prussia by the Congress of Vienna, thus ending the principality of Salm-Kyburg. Frederick IV's descendents, however, retained their titles and the other family territories.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20070929222315/http://www.demello.de/genealogy3/family_group_sheet/d0027/F21273.html

description: German prince

wikidata_label: Frederick IV, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg

wikipedia_title: Frederick IV, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg


text:
monarch
Ayutthaya Kingdom
monkhood
udumbhara
"fig"
Borommakot
Front Palace
Ekkathat
1760
Alaungpaya
1767
Hsinbyushin
Ne Myo Thihapate
Ava
Mandalay
Yodaya people
chedi
Taungthaman Lake
Mandalay Region
Amarapura Township

categories: Ban Phlu Luang Dynasty,Kings of Ayutthaya

paragraph: Uthumphon

paragraph: Uthumphon (; ) or Uthumphon Mahaphon Phinit () was the 32nd and penultimate monarch of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, ruling in 1758 for about two months. Facing various throne claimants, Uthumphon was finally forced to abdicate and enter monkhood. His preference of being a monk rather than keep the throne, earned him the epithet "Khun Luang Ha Wat" (), or "the king who turns to the temple".

paragraph: Section::::Reign and Abdication.

paragraph: Prince Dok Duea or Prince Uthumphon — "Dok Duea" (ดอกเดื่อ) and "Uthumphon" (อุทุมพร), both meaning udumbhara or "fig", was a son of Borommakot. In 1746, his elder brother, Prince Thammathibet who had been appointed as the Front Palace, was beaten to death for his affair with one of Borommakot's concubines. Borommakot didn't appoint the new Front Palace as Kromma Khun Anurak Montri or Ekkathat, the next in succession line, was proved to be incompetent. In 1757, Borommakot finally decided to skip Anurak Montri altogether and made Uthumphon the Front Palace—becoming Kromma Khun Phon Phinit.

paragraph: In 1758, upon the passing of Borommakot, Uthumphon was crowned. However, he faced oppositions from his three half-brothers, namely, Kromma Muen Chit Sunthon, Kromma Muen Sunthon Thep, and Kromma Muen Sep Phakdi. Uthumphon had his half-brothers arrested and executed.

paragraph: Ekkathat, forced to become a monk, decided to leave the priesthood and seek the throne. Uthumporn then gave up his throne to his brother and entered a monastery as a monk.

paragraph: Section::::Burmese Invasions.

paragraph: In 1760, Alaungpaya of Burma led his armies invading Ayutthaya. Uthumphon was asked to leave the monastery to fight against the Burmese. However, Alaungpaya was wounded during the siege, and died during the subsequent Burmese retreat.

paragraph: Uthumphon, once again, returned to the Pradu Rongtham monastery.

paragraph: The Burmese, however, came back in 1767 under the commission of Hsinbyushin and led by Ne Myo Thihapate. Ayutthaya under Ekkathat was in turmoil, without authorities or powers to counter the Burmese invaders.

paragraph: Though he was strongly urged to take role in leading Siamese armies, Uthumphon chose to stay in the monk status. Ayutthaya finally fell. Uthumphon was captured by the Burmese forces and was brought to Burma along with a large number of Ayutthaya's people.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Uthumphon was grounded near Ava, along with other Ayutthaya ex-nobles, where he was forced by the Burmese to give them knowledge about the history and court customs of Ayutthaya—preserved in the "Ayutthayan affidavit", or "The Testimony of Khun Luang Ha-wat".

paragraph: Hsinbyushin built a village near Mandalay for Uthumphon and his Siamese people—who then became the Yodaya people. In accordance with Burmese chronicles, Uthumphon, as a monk, died in 1796 in the village. He was believed to be entombed in a chedi at the Linzin Hill graveyard on the edge of Taungthaman Lake in Mandalay Region's Amarapura Township.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: On 29 June 2013, Burmese and Thai authorities announced that the site of Utumphon's memorial tomb would be renovated and turned into a historical park. Since February 2013, a joint Burmese-Thai excavation team of archaeologists, uncovered bones and fragments of a monk's robes in a gilt glass mosaic alms bowl containing bones and robes. The Thai restoration team is expected to spend on the project. In late 2013, archaeologists uncovered a brick structure believed to be a monastery that once held stone inscriptions. The team has laid out plans for a memorial ground and is seeking the permission of local authorities to establish a cultural heritage centre there, including restoration of the royal graveyard complex, at a cost of at least 39 million baht ().

description: King of Siam

wikidata_label: Uthumphon

wikipedia_title: Uthumphon


text: KG

text: Henry V

text: Southampton Plot

text: Archdeacon of Richmond

text: Chancellor of Cambridge

text: John Scrope, 4th Baron Scrope of Masham

text: Archdeacon of Durham

text: John Beaufort

text: Henry IV

text: Barbary Crusade

text: Mahdia

text: Richard II

text: Battle of Shrewsbury

text: Richard Scrope

text: Archbishop of York

text: Philippa

text: Denmark

text: Henry Beaufort

text: Henry V

text: Treasurer

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Henry Chichele

text: Burgundy

text: Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March

text: plot

text: Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence

text: Edward III

text: Henry IV

text: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

text: Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March

text: heir presumptive

text: Richard II

text: Sir Thomas Grey

text: Isabel

text: York

text: Micklegate

text: Ian Mortimer

text: Edward, Duke of York

text: Epiphany Rising

text: Edmund Mortimer's

text: Southampton Plot

text: Shakespeare's

text: "Henry V"

text: "The History of Sir John Oldcastle"

text: Guy de Bryan, 1st Baron Bryan

text: Lady Joan Holland

text: Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent

text: Alice FitzAlan

text: Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York

text: Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent

text: Joan of Kent

text: Richard II

text: Edward, the Black Prince

text: Eleanor Holland, Countess of March

text: Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March

text: Southampton Plot

text: John Scrope, 4th Baron Scrope of Masham

categories: Barons in the Peerage of England,Knights of the Garter,People executed under the Lancastrians,Year of birth uncertain,People executed under the Plantagenets by decapitation,Executed English people,1415 deaths,Lord High Treasurers of England

paragraph: Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham KG (c.1370 – 5 August 1415), a favourite of King Henry V, was beheaded on 5 August 1415 for his involvement in the Southampton Plot.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Henry Scrope, born about 1370, was the eldest son and heir of Stephen Scrope (c.1345 – 25 January 1406), 2nd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Margery Welles, widow of John de Huntingfield. He had four brothers, and one sister:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Geoffrey Scrope

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephen Scrope, Archdeacon of Richmond, Chancellor of Cambridge

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Scrope, 4th Baron Scrope of Masham

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Scrope, Archdeacon of Durham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maud Scrope, who married Baldwin Freville

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1390 Scrope accompanied John Beaufort, half-brother of the future King Henry IV, on the Barbary Crusade to Mahdia, but otherwise little is known of his early life. An annuity granted to him by King Richard II was continued by Henry IV after Richard's deposition, and in 1403 Scrope was styled 'king's knight', and fought on Henry IV's side at the Battle of Shrewsbury. His uncle, Richard Scrope, Archbishop of York, was executed on 8 June 1405 for taking part in the Northern Rising against the King; however Henry Scrope was not involved in his uncle's failed rebellion, and was serving the King in Wales when he inherited his father's title and lands in 1406. In 1408 he accompanied Henry IV's daughter, Philippa, to Denmark for her marriage, and in 1409 went to Paris on a diplomatic mission with Henry IV's half-brother, Henry Beaufort.

paragraph: According to Tait, it was during this period that Scrope came to enjoy the friendship and confidence of the future Henry V, by whose influence he was appointed Treasurer of England in 1410, and made a Knight of the Garter in the same year.

paragraph: Henry V succeeded his father in 1413, and in 1413 Scrope was sent on several diplomatic missions. In 1414 he accompanied Bishop Henry Chichele to Burgundy to negotiate an alliance.

paragraph: Section::::Southampton Plot.

paragraph: In 1415 Henry V determined to invade France, and in February 1415 Scrope attended a council meeting held for the purpose of planning the forthcoming expedition. However, on 27 May 1415 Scrope was absent from the council meeting for no apparent reason. On 31 July Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March informed King Henry that he had just become aware of a plot to murder Henry and put himself on the throne.

paragraph: Mortimer was the great-grandson of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, second surviving son of King Edward III, and his claim to the throne was thus superior to that of Henry V and his father, Henry IV, who derived their claim from Henry IV's father, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, third surviving son of Edward III. Moreover, Edmund Mortimer's father, Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, had been widely considered heir presumptive to King Richard II, who had no issue, and Edmund Mortimer himself had been heir presumptive to Richard II while a young child.

paragraph: The three ringleaders of the plot were Edmund Mortimer's brother-in-law (and Scrope's wife Joan's stepson), Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Sir Thomas Grey, whose son, Thomas, had been betrothed in 1412 to Cambridge's only daughter, Isabel and Scrope himself.

paragraph: Richard, Scrope, and Grey were promptly arrested. The trial took place in Southampton, on the site now occupied by the Red Lion Inn. Grey was beheaded on 2 August 1415. The most degrading punishment was reserved for Scrope, perhaps because he had been a royal favourite. Prior to his execution, Scrope was dragged across Southampton from the Watergate to the north gate, where he and Cambridge were beheaded on 5 August 1415. Scrope's head was sent to York, to be put on a spike on Micklegate Bar.

paragraph: Scrope's involvement in the conspiracy surprised contemporaries, and continues to puzzle historians. Ian Mortimer claims Scrope had merely insinuated himself into the confidence of Cambridge and Grey in order to betray the conspiracy, just as Edward, Duke of York had done with the Epiphany Rising in 1400, but was forestalled by Edmund Mortimer's revelation of the conspiracy to the King on 31 July. Pugh, however, finds Scrope's exculpatory statements at trial unconvincing, and states that Scrope never pretended that he had intended to inform the King of the conspiracy. Pugh also contends that "there was no plot in 1415 to assassinate Henry V and his three brothers and that heinous charge, by far the most sensational in the indictment, was fabricated to ensure that Cambridge, Gray and Scrope did not escape the death penalty as a well-deserved punishment for the various other offences that they undoubtedly had committed".

paragraph: The Southampton Plot is dramatized in Shakespeare's "Henry V", and in the anonymous play, "The History of Sir John Oldcastle".

paragraph: Section::::Marriages.

paragraph: Scrope married firstly, before 5 February 1398, Philippe Bryan (d. 19 November 1406), the widow of Sir John Devereux (d. 13 November 1396), and daughter and co-heiress of Guy de Bryan, 1st Baron Bryan.

paragraph: He married secondly, by licence dated 6 September 1410, Lady Joan Holland (d.1434), the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, and Alice FitzAlan, and widow firstly of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and secondly, William Willoughby, 5th Lord Willoughby. Joan's paternal grandparents were Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent, and Joan of Kent, mother of King Richard II by her second marriage to Edward, the Black Prince. Joan's father was thus a halfbrother of King Richard II.

paragraph: Joan was the sister of Eleanor Holland, Countess of March, mother of Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, who was the focus of the Southampton Plot.

paragraph: After Scrope's death. Joan married fourthly, Henry Bromflete, Baron Vescy.

paragraph: Scrope had no issue by either of his wives, and was succeeded by his brother, John Scrope, 4th Baron Scrope of Masham, who did not recover the forfeited Scrope lands until 1442.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 51

description: English Baron


text:
FRSE
John Hope
Linlithgowshire
Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun
Enfield Grammar School
Edinburgh High School
Latin dux
University of Edinburgh
advocate
Deputy Advocate
Royal Society of Edinburgh
Allan Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank
James Gregory
John Playfair
Sheriff of Orkney
Lord Advocate
Robert Dundas of Arniston
House of Commons
Henry Dundas's
Lord of Session
Sir David Rae, Lord Eskgrove
Robert Blair, Lord Avontoun
Lord President of the Court of Session
Lord Justice Clerk
David Boyle, Lord Boyle
Privy Council
Holyrood House
James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose
Lord Justice General
Hopetoun House
Lord Cockburn
Edinburgh Castle
John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun
John
Solicitor General for Scotland
Hercules Robertson, Lord Benholme
David Hope, Baron Hope of Craighead
Lord President of the Court of Session

categories: 1851 deaths,UK MPs 1802–1806,Lords President of the Court of Session,Hope family,Senators of the College of Justice,Lords Justice-General,Lord Advocates,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Edinburgh constituencies,1763 births,Alumni of the University of Edinburgh,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies

paragraph: Charles Hope, Lord Granton

paragraph: Rt Hon Lord Charles Hope FRSE (29 June 1763 – 30 October 1851) was a Scottish politician and judge.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Hope was born on 29 June 1763, the eldest son of Mary Breton, the only daughter of Eliab Breton of Forty Hill, Enfield (a granddaughter of Sir William Wolstenholme) and John Hope, Member of Parliament (MP) for Linlithgowshire, and a grandson of Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun. He was educated at Enfield Grammar School, and later at the Edinburgh High School, where in 1777 he was the Latin dux. After studying law at the University of Edinburgh he was admitted as an advocate on 11 December 1784, and on 25 March 1786 was appointed a Deputy Advocate.

paragraph: In 1788 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Allan Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank, James Gregory, and the mathematician John Playfair.

paragraph: Though not conspicuous as a lawyer he was an accomplished public speaker, and in this capacity made himself useful at the Tory political meetings. On 5 June 1792 he became Sheriff of Orkney, and in June 1801 was appointed Lord Advocate in the Addington administration in the room of Robert Dundas of Arniston. Shortly afterwards he was presented with the freedom of the city of Edinburgh, together with a piece of plate, for his assistance to the magistrates in obtaining a poor's bill for the city.

paragraph: At the general election in July 1802, he was returned to the House of Commons for Dumfries district, but resigned his seat when Henry Dundas's elevation to the upper house, and was returned unopposed for the city of Edinburgh (January 1803). During his service as Lord Advocate, Hope conducted through the House of Commons the Scotch Parochial Schoolmasters' Act (43 Geo. III, c. 54), by means of which authorities building schools were also obliged to erect houses with at least two rooms for the schoolmasters.

paragraph: The only speech of his reported in the 'Parliamentary Debates' was one delivered in his own defence in the debate on Whitbread's motion for the production of papers relating to Hope's censure of a Banffshire farmer named Morison, who had discharged his servant for attending drills of a volunteer regiment. Hope made an ingenious defence, and gave a lively description of the multitudinous duties of his office but though the case against him was strong, the motion, after a great party debate in which both Pitt and Fox took part, was defeated by 159 to 82.

paragraph: On 20 November 1804, Hope was appointed an ordinary Lord of Session and Lord Justice Clerk in the place of Sir David Rae, Lord Eskgrove, and assuming the title of Lord Granton took his seat on the bench on 6 December 1804. On 12 November 1811, he succeeded Robert Blair, Lord Avontoun as Lord President of the Court of Session, being succeeded as Lord Justice Clerk by David Boyle, Lord Boyle. In 1820, he presided at the special commission for the trial of high treason at Glasgow, and on 17 August 1822 was admitted to the Privy Council at Holyrood House. On 29 July 1823, Hope was appointed, together with his eldest son John, on the Commission of Inquiry into the forms of process and the course of appeals in Scotland. On the death of James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose, in December 1836, Hope became Lord Justice General, by virtue of 11 Geo. IV and 1 Wm. IV, cap. 69, sec. 18, by which it was enacted that 'after the termination of the present existing interest' that office should 'devolve upon and remain united with the office of lord president of the court of session.' Hope retired from the bench in the autumn of 1841, and was succeeded as Lord President by David Boyle.

paragraph: He died at his home on 12 Moray Place, Edinburgh on 30 October 1851, aged 89. He was buried in the mausoleum at Hopetoun House on 4 November 1851.

paragraph: Section::::Assessment.

paragraph: Hope was a man of imposing presence, with a magnificent voice, which, according to Lord Cockburn, 'was surpassed by that of the great Mrs. Siddons alone', and a wonderful gift of declamation.

paragraph: Though a violent political partisan, and greatly wanting in tact and judgment, 'his integrity, candour, kindness, and gentlemanlike manners and feelings gained him almost unanimous esteem'. His charges to juries were singularly persuasive and impressive. Lockhart gives a graphic account of Hope's majestic bearing on the bench in 'Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk' (1819, ii. 102–8), while recording what he describes 'as without exception the finest piece of judicial eloquence, delivered in the finest possible way by the Lord-president Hope.'

paragraph: When the volunteer movement began, owing to the French war, Hope enlisted as a private in the first regiment of Royal Edinburgh Volunteers.

paragraph: He was afterwards appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Corps, and performed the duties of that office with enthusiasm for several years, until the regiment was disbanded for the second time in 1814.

paragraph: In December 1819, when the 'old blues' were once more summoned together, he made them 'one of the most eloquent addresses that ever was heard', and daily inspected the volunteers on duty at Edinburgh Castle while the regular troops were despatched to the western counties.

paragraph: Hope's famous regimental orders of 18 October 1803, containing most curious and minute details, are given at length in Cockburn's 'Memorials'.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On 8 August 1793 Hope married his cousin Lady Charlotte Hope, second daughter of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, by his third wife, Lady Elizabeth Leslie, second daughter of Alexander, fifth earl of Leven and Melville, by whom he had four sons- of whom the eldest, John (1794–1858), was Solicitor General for Scotland from 1822 to 1830- and eight daughters. His youngest daughter Ann Wilhelmina was married to Hercules Robertson, Lord Benholme.

paragraph: His wife died at Edinburgh on 22 January 1834, aged 62.

paragraph: David Hope, Baron Hope of Craighead, Lord President of the Court of Session from 1989 to 1996, descends from Lord Granton's third son.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: Scottish politician and judge

wikidata_label: Charles Hope

wikipedia_title: Charles Hope, Lord Granton


text: Solicitor General for Scotland

text: Lord Advocate

text: Member of Parliament

text: Edinburghshire

text: Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger

text: William Grant, Lord Prestongrange

text: University of Edinburgh

text: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

text: Alexander Wight

text: Greyfriars Kirk

text: Edinburghshire

text: Dundas Riots

text: Thomas Muir of Huntershill

text: Dean of the Faculty of Advocates

text: George Square, Edinburgh

text: Robert Dundas, of Arniston, the younger

text: James Dundas, Lord Arniston

text: Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston

text: Robert Dundas, of Arniston, the elder

text: FRSE

categories: Members of the Faculty of Advocates,Rectors of the University of Glasgow,British MPs 1790–1796,UK MPs 1801–1802,1819 deaths,Deans of the Faculty of Advocates,Dundas family,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies,Solicitors General for Scotland,1758 births,Lord Advocates,Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912),British MPs 1796–1800,Barons of the Court of Exchequer (Scotland),Alumni of the University of Edinburgh,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies

paragraph: Robert Dundas of Arniston

paragraph: Robert Dundas of Arniston (6 June 1758 – 17 June 1819) was a Scottish judge.

paragraph: Dundas served as Solicitor General for Scotland between 1784 and 1789 and as Lord Advocate from 1789 to 1801. He sat as Member of Parliament for was M.P. for Edinburghshire from 1790 to 1801, and was Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Scotland from 1801 until his death in 1819.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Robert was born 6 June 1758. He was the eldest son of Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger and his second wife, Jean, daughter of William Grant, Lord Prestongrange. He was educated at the high school and the University of Edinburgh, and was admitted advocate in 1779.

paragraph: With the help of his uncle Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville he succeeded Alexander Wight as Solicitor General for Scotland in 1784 and became lord advocate in 1789. At this time he was living at Adam Square near Greyfriars Kirk.

paragraph: From 1790 to 1801 he was MP for Edinburghshire.

paragraph: In June 1792 he was the cause and focus of the Dundas Riots, starting at his home in George Square. Following the riots he made it a personal aim to prosecute and effectively destroy the Edinburgh lawyer, Thomas Muir of Huntershill, who he saw as responsible for most of the seditious mischief.

paragraph: He appeared for the crown in the great prosecutions for sedition at Edinburgh in 1793. In 1796 he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Advocates.

paragraph: He was joint-clerk and keeper of the general registers for seisins and other writs in Scotland from 1799 until on 1 June 1801 he was appointed chief baron of the exchequer in Scotland, but in 1801 and 1811 he turned down offers of the lord presidency.

paragraph: He died at his townhouse, 57 George Square, Edinburgh on 17 June 1819.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Part of a Scottish legal and political dynasty, Dundas was the son of Robert Dundas, of Arniston, the younger. His great-great-grandfather James Dundas, Lord Arniston (died 1679) and great-grandfather Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston had been MPs and judges, as were his grandfather Robert Dundas, of Arniston, the elder and his father Robert Dundas, of Arniston, the younger.

paragraph: In May 1787 Robert Dundas married his first cousin, Elizabeth Dundas, daughter of his uncle Henry Dundas. Together they had two daughters and three sons. Elizabeth died 18 March 1852. His heir, Robert, who lived at 69 Queen Street in Edinburgh, died in 1838. Henry, the second son, was vice-admiral in the navy, and died 11 September 1863. His daughter married John Borthwick of Crookston FRSE (1787–1845).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: Scottish judge (1758–1819)

wikidata_label: Robert Dundas

wikipedia_title: Robert Dundas of Arniston


text: French

text: strongman

text: grip strength

text: Marsillargues

text: Bordeaux

text: Lille

text: Folies Bergère

text: Royal Aquarium

text: Lille

text: cleaned and jerked

text: Vichy

text: silent film

text: Mare Nostrum

text: academic

text: physical education

text: Edmond Desbonnet

text: Evreux

text: René Char

categories: French strength athletes,1862 births,French bodybuilders,French male professional wrestlers,1928 deaths

paragraph: Apollon (strongman)

paragraph: Apollon the Mighty (February 21, 1862 – 18 October 1928), born Louis Uni, was a French strongman, especially famous for his grip strength.

paragraph: Louis Uni was born at eight o'clock in the morning on February 21, 1862 at no. 18 on the boulevard that today bears his name (Boulevard Louis Uni in Marsillargues) in the house his father Jean-Jacques Uni had built in 1845. He was the son of Jacques and Elisabeth (née Brémond) and was descended from a family of locally well-known giants. His grandfather Jacques Uni, born in 1772, was 2.03 m (6 feet and 8 inches) tall, while the average male height in France in 1800 was only 163.7 cm (5 feet and 4.45 inches).

paragraph: Born in Marsillargues, aged 14 years he ran away from his parents' house and joined the traveling Italian circus ‘Caramagne’ at Lunel near his home town. During a performance, the police seized him and returned him to his father. Eventually his parents allowed him to leave home and work with Felix Bernard and Pietro Dalmasso. He also worked with Henri Pechon and August “the Butcher”. He completed his military service aged 20.

paragraph: Uni took over the Café Fontaine in Paris, and after renovating it named it ‘Concert Apollon’ and began to put on theatrical programmes with athletic acts thrown in. Eventually, he had to relinquish the theatre, losing a considerable sum in the process. In 1889 Uni took part in a Greco-Roman wrestling competition at the International Athletic Arenas in Bordeaux:

paragraph: ‘This Tuesday evening… is the first representation of the competition of the French champions: Bernard, Crest, etc, and Apollon, the king of human strength… Finally, strength exercises will be performed by the celebrated Apollon, who has not yet met his equal, and has given himself the just title: the king of human strength. Apollon will lift his famous weight of 80 kilos to arm’s length... Apollon is truly the strongest man we have seen for a long time. In a pinch, between two fingers, he lifts a weight of 80 kilos. He is the most beautiful sample of an athlete that exists in the world. His perfect form and his face make one think of the gladiators of Roman antiquity.’

paragraph: Also in 1889 Uni competed against Batta (Charles Estienne 1866-1939) in Lille using 118 kilo train-car wheels (with an enormous axle which was much too thick even for the hands of Batta). Batta could only lift it to his shoulders, resting it lightly on his chest for a minute. Apollon was reported to have lifted the weight easily. Part of Uni's stage act was called ‘Escaping Prisoner’, during which he would bend the tempered iron bars of a cage through which he would then pass. He performed this routine at the Folies Bergère, among other venues. In December 1889 he appeared at the Royal Aquarium in London.

paragraph: In about 1892 he married Josephine, with whom he had a daughter, but the marriage did not last, and after their divorce, she married Castanet, a famous animal trainer. On December 18, 1892 at the Théâtre des Variétésin Lille in France Uni cleaned and jerked a 155 kilo double barbell, with two weighted globes on each end of the bar. He then found the balance point and neatly slid the barbell onto one hand while lifting one leg at a right angle. Then he let the barbell fall from overhead and caught it in the bend of his arms before placing it on the ground. In 1896 he was standing at about 6'3" and weighing 265 lbs. with 18" forearms and nearly 10" wrists. Besides bending huge thick bars Uni lifted a pair of train wheels that weighed 366 lbs. over his head.

paragraph: In 1913 Uni met with a severe accident during a performance in Vichy in France. When attempting to hold back two motorcars with outstretched hands he cried out in pain and suddenly dropped to the ground, having torn the muscles of his arms and burst a blood vessel. By 1923 he was looking for work as a 'right hand man' and appeared in the silent film "Mare Nostrum" (1926) cast in the role of “Triton”. By 1928 aged 66 he was still exhibiting his strength in traveling shows.

paragraph: Uni was a friend and "protegé" of academic and champion of physical education Edmond Desbonnet.

paragraph: He died in Evreux in 1928 aged 66.

paragraph: The French Surrealist poet René Char, being a Southerner and a 1.92 m rugby player, was also an admirer of Louis Uni and addressed to him his famous poem "The Tomb of secrets" in Le Soleil des eaux (Le Tombeau des secrets).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Early French Culture Physique photography by Professor Edmond Desbonnet & others

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uni on David Horne's 'World of Grip' website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Full text of Edmond Desbonnet's 'Apollon, The Emperor of Athletes’ "Iron Game History" (August 1997)

description: French strongman

wikidata_label: Apollon

wikipedia_title: Apollon (strongman)


categories: 1889 births,Female long-distance swimmers,1960 deaths

paragraph: Hazel Bess Laugenour

paragraph: Hazel Bess Laugenour (1899–1960) was an Undergraduate at the University of California at Berkeley in Literature when she became the first woman to swim across The Golden Gate Strait, which separates the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco Bay on August 19, 1911. Bill Picklehaupt's story http://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Women_Swimming_in_the_Golden_Gate tells the story accurately and in historical context.

paragraph: Miss Laugenour capitalized on her international fame by making several movies ( one of which the National Film Archives still has in its collection ) and touring the country to promote the movies with an elaborate presentation which included a very large transparent swimming tank, complete with pump motor to approximate tidal conditions. As she was preparing to swim The English Channel, World War I broke out, ending that ambition. She married Timothy Edmund Fogg (also of the University of California at Berkeley in Mining Engineering and a Sigma Chi) and had a daughter, Joan Fogg. Hazel traced her family's history back to The Black Forest, and Winston-Salem, North Carolina in Colonial times.

description: First Lady of the Golden Gate; Economist, B.A. University of California at Berkeley; and pioneer movie actress

wikidata_label: Hazel Bess Laugenour

wikipedia_title: Hazel Bess Laugenour


text: Manchu

text: Plain White Banner

text: Daoguang Emperor

text: Booi Aha

text: Minning

text: Jiaqing Emperor

text: Western Qing tombs

text: Qianlong Emperor

text: Jiaqing Emperor

text: Jiaqing Emperor

text: Daoguang Emperor

categories: Qing dynasty imperial consorts,1836 deaths,Manchu people,18th-century births

image: 512px-《雍宫式范》和妃部分.jpg

paragraph: Consort He

paragraph: Consort He (died 18 May 1836), of the Manchu Plain White Banner Hoifa Nara clan, was a consort of the Daoguang Emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Family background.

paragraph: Consort He's personal name was not recorded in history. She was a Booi Aha of the Plain White Banner by birth.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Chengwen (), served as a fifth rank literary official ()

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Jiaqing era.

paragraph: It is not known when Lady Hoifa Nara became a lady-in-waiting of Minning, the second son of the Jiaqing Emperor. On 16 May 1808, she gave birth to his first son, Yiwei. In May 1808, she was elevated to his secondary consort.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Daoguang era.

paragraph: The Jiaqing Emperor died on 2 September 1820 and was succeeded by Minning, who was enthroned as the Daoguang Emperor. On 28 December 1822, Lady Hoifa Nara was granted the title "Concubine He". In December 1823, she was elevated to "Consort He". She died on 18 May 1836 and was interred in the Mu Mausoleum of the Western Qing tombs.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796) or the Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796–1820):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Hoifa Nara

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796–1820):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady-in-waiting ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondary consort (; from May 1808)

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Daoguang Emperor (r. 1820–1850):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concubine He (; from 28 December 1822), fifth rank consort

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consort He (; from December 1823), fourth rank consort

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- As a lady-in-waiting:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yiwei (; 16 May 1808 – 23 May 1831), the Daoguang Emperor's first son

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty

description: Chinese Emperor's concubine

wikidata_label: Consort He

wikipedia_title: Consort He


text:
Union Army
American Civil War
Medal of Honor
Siege of Vicksburg
Ulysses S. Grant
Vicksburg, Mississippi
forlorn hope
Findagrave
A Forlorn Hope
Vicksburg Medal of Honor Recipients

categories: People of Iowa in the American Civil War,People of Illinois in the American Civil War,1840 births,Union Army soldiers,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,1910 deaths,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: Andrew E. Goldsbery

paragraph: Andrew E. Goldsbery (September 25, 1840 – December 27, 1910) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22, 1863. His name is sometimes spelled as Goldsbury.

paragraph: Goldsbery joined the 127th Illinois Infantry in August 1862, and was mustered out in June 1865.

paragraph: Section::::Union assault.

paragraph: On May 22, 1863, General Ulysses S. Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg, Mississippi. The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack.

paragraph: The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called, in nineteenth century vernacular, a "forlorn hope". Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then, twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away. The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment.

paragraph: The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross. Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body, the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall. Of the 150 men in the storming party, nearly half were killed. Seventy-nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: For gallantry in the charge of the volunteer storming party on 22 May 1863.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Findagrave

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Forlorn Hope

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vicksburg Medal of Honor Recipients

wikidata_label: Andrew E. Goldsbery

wikipedia_title: Andrew E. Goldsbery


text:
Union Army
American Civil War
Medal of Honor
Siege of Vicksburg
Ulysses S. Grant
Vicksburg, Mississippi
forlorn hope
Military Times Hall of Valor
Findagrave entry
A Forlorn Hope
Iowa Medal of Honor Heroes

categories: 1836 births,People of Iowa in the American Civil War,People from Mason County, West Virginia,1904 deaths,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor,People of West Virginia in the American Civil War,Military personnel from West Virginia

paragraph: Leonidas M. Godley

paragraph: Leonidas Mahlon Godley (June 13, 1836 – May 23, 1904) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22, 1863.

paragraph: Section::::Union assault.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Sergeant Leonidas Mahlon Godley, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 22 May 1863, while serving with Company E, 22d Iowa Infantry, in action at Vicksburg, Mississippi. First Sergeant Godley led his company in the assault on the enemy's works and gained the parapet, there receiving three very severe wounds. He lay all day in the sun, was taken prisoner, and had his leg amputated without anesthetics.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military Times Hall of Valor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Findagrave entry

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Forlorn Hope

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iowa Medal of Honor Heroes

description: Union Army soldier

wikidata_label: Leonidas M. Godley

wikipedia_title: Leonidas M. Godley


categories: People of Michigan in the American Civil War,1920 deaths,1837 births,People of Illinois in the American Civil War,People of Ohio in the American Civil War,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Union Army soldiers,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: Elisha Johns

paragraph: Elisha Johns (August 25, 1837 – June 14, 1920) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22, 1863. The surname is sometimes spelled Jones.

paragraph: Johns joined the 113th Illinois Infantry in August 1862, and was mustered out in June 1865.

paragraph: Section::::Union assault.

paragraph: On May 22, 1863, General Ulysses S. Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg, Mississippi. The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack. The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called, in nineteenth century vernacular, a "forlorn hope". Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then, twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away. The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Findagrave

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Forlorn Hope

description: Union Army Medal of Honor recipient

wikidata_label: Elisha Johns

wikipedia_title: Elisha Johns


text:
golf
LPGA Tour
Pittsburgh
Pennsylvania
Dallas
Texas
LPGA Tour
1967
major
LPGA Championship
Southgate Ladies Open
George Washington Classic
U.S. Women's Open
1972
Sherri Turner
breast cancer
Fountain Hills, Arizona
Greenville, South Carolina
Texas Golf Association

categories: Sportspeople from Pittsburgh,1949 births,Golfers from Arizona,Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona,Deaths from cancer in Arizona,LPGA Tour golfers,Deaths from breast cancer,American female golfers,1996 deaths,Winners of LPGA major golf championships,Golfers from Pennsylvania

paragraph: Kathy Ahern

paragraph: Kathy Ahern (May 7, 1949 – July 6, 1996) was an American professional golfer on the LPGA Tour.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Ahern was raised in Dallas, Texas, and won the Texas women's public links title at age 15 She joined the LPGA Tour direct from high school in 1967 and won three events, including one major title, the LPGA Championship

paragraph: Ahern's first win came at the Southgate Ladies Open in August and the last at George Washington Classic in She was also a runner-up at the U.S. Women's Open in 1972, the week before her final win. Ahern played little in the 1980s, but remained a presence around the tour and sometimes caddied for Sherri Turner.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: After a five-year battle against breast cancer, Ahern died at age 47 at her mother's home in Fountain Hills, Arizona, northeast At the time of her death, she was a resident of Greenville, South Carolina.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas Golf Association – Kathy Ahern

description: professional golfer

wikidata_label: Kathy Ahern

wikipedia_title: Kathy Ahern


text: Ben Cooper

text: Ben Cooper

text: projectclone.com

text: The Returned

text: Nikon

text: Official Page

categories: Living people,American indie rock musicians,Musicians from Florida

paragraph: Radical Face

paragraph: Radical Face is a musical act whose main member is Ben Cooper.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Cooper chose the name Radical Face upon seeing it on a flyer. He later found out it was a plastic surgery flyer saying 'Radical Face-Lift' with the word 'lift' ripped off.

paragraph: Cooper's first album to be recorded under the Radical Face pseudonym was "The Junkyard Chandelier" (2003). The album was never formally released but has since been available as a free download online. "Ghost" was the first official studio album, released by Radical Face in March 2007.

paragraph: On November 16, 2010, Cooper released a six-track EP titled "Touch The Sky", which served as an appetizer for an announced trilogy of albums called "Family Tree", which follows the tale of a fictional family, the Northcotes, through its generations. It is dedicated to the first two generations of the Northcotes family tree and is narratively based in the 1800s.

paragraph: Leading up to the release of the first album, "The Roots", "The Bastards: Volume One" EP was released track by track, the first of a number of free EPs over the course of the "Family Tree" project. "The Roots" was released on October 4, 2011. In August "The Roots" was accidentally released to users outside of the US on iTunes. It was followed by "The Branches" and "The Leaves".

paragraph: "The Family Tree: The Branches" was released on October 22, 2013 in America and on November 1st in Europe. "The Bastards: Volume Two" was also released that year.

paragraph: "The Bastards: Volume Three" and "The Bastards: Volume Four" were both released in 2015, leading up to the release of "The Family Tree: The Leaves" in March 2016.

paragraph: A series of EPs are planned to be released throughout 2017, the first being "SunnMoonnEclippse", released February 10. The EPs full video is available on a website of the same name.

paragraph: "Clone", an album by Ben Cooper and Richard Colado, was announced to be released through Bear Machine Records and available by fall of 2012. After many delays, the first track of "Clone", The Laboratory, was released on September 23, 2014. The album was released in acts, Cooper adding one act per week to release the album. Each track has a full explanation of the act available at projectclone.com. 'Laser-engraved crystal thumb drives' were designed as an alternative medium for the album.

paragraph: The single "Welcome Home" was played at the beginning of the first episode for the TV series "The Returned". It was then used as theme in Nikon's worldwide campaign "I'M NIKON".

paragraph: In late 2018, Cooper released his 6th album "Missing Film", which is appropriately entitled, as the album was intended to be used by indie film makers royalty free under creative commons, or in Cooper's own words, "So basically, as long as you are not selling something, then you can use any of it without needing my explicit permission." As one would imagine, the album consists only of instrumental work, a departure from his previous work, but unsurprising as Radical Face has released several songs that have been used in television and movies because of the emotional nature of Cooper's songwriting.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Sounds & Sights of Radical Face - Short documentary by Justin Mitchell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radical Face Live in San Francisco - 2011 Behind the Scenes video By Connor Ellmann

description: musical act

wikidata_label: Radical Face

wikipedia_title: Radical Face


text:
ski jumper
Continental Cup
Marikollen
Iron Mountain
World Cup
Trondheim
Planica
ski flying

categories: People from Örnsköldsvik Municipality,1985 births,Living people,Swedish male ski jumpers

paragraph: Isak Grimholm

paragraph: Isak Grimholm (born 25 March 1985) is a Swedish former ski jumper.

paragraph: He made his Continental Cup debut in August 2002 in Marikollen, and his best result is a victory from Iron Mountain in February 2007. He participated in the FIS Junior World Ski Championships in 2002 and 2003. He made his World Cup debut in December 2002 in Trondheim, finishing 46th, and collected his first World Cup points with a 27th place in February 2007 in Planica. He has not collected World Cup points since. From Planica he holds the Swedish record in ski flying with .

description: Swedish ski jumper

wikidata_label: Isak Grimholm

wikipedia_title: Isak Grimholm


text: soca

text: Bunji Garlin

text: Kernal Roberts

text: Machel Montano

text: Sangre Grande

text: Zan

text: Road March

text: Carnival Road March

text: Official Myspace

text: "Sugar Boy" Music Video

text: "Rollin" Music Video

categories: Soca musicians,1986 births,Trinidad and Tobago female singers,Living people

paragraph: Patrice Roberts

paragraph: Patrice Roberts (born 11 April 1985) is a Trinidadian soca singer. She is known as one the "First Ladies of Soca".

paragraph: She came to national attention in 2005 with the huge hit collaboration "The Islands" alongside Bunji Garlin, written by Kernal Roberts and produced by Shawn Noel (Da Ma$tamind), which was used in promotional commercials by the Ministry of Tourism.

paragraph: Section::::Her life.

paragraph: It was in 2005 when Patrice Roberts shocked the entertainment industry in Trinidad and Tobago with her talent. Her introduction through a vocal collaboration was with Bunji Garlin,who at that time was in the spotlight. It was her refreshingly soothing and powerful vocals that quickly got her the attention that many established entertainers desired. Very few were able to provide accurate answers about her and her career, appearing mystery like. Patrice Roberts has assumed her position in the Caribbean music industry as a force to be reckoned with.

paragraph: Music was always an instrumental part of her life and would inevitably become her career. As far as her mind allows her to journey Patrice recollects always being in love with music and singing. It was at the tender age of seven she began taking her passion seriously.Since then Patrice has not regretted surrendering to her passion.

paragraph: In 2006, shortly after Patrice shot into the spotlight she became one of the frontline vocalists and the only female vocalists in the internationally recognized Soca Band, which at that time was known as Xtatik (now HD). For Patrice

paragraph: her professional career had just begun and she was in full flight. It would be a challenging and difficult journey for

paragraph: Patrice but one that she would embrace and make her own when given the opportunity.

paragraph: Fresh out of school, Roberts experienced what many would consider “culture shock”; moving from her countryside dwellings in Toco to city lights. Her transition from a calypso consumed lifestyle to Soca meant that the life she was accepting would attract obstacles beyond her understanding, "“I had to adapt to the culture, the atmosphere and"

paragraph: "now compete with established artistes.”"

paragraph: Prior to her collaboration with Bunji Garlin and her alliance with Machel Montano and HD, Patrice had numerous Calypso accolades under her belt. Her journey from then to now was crafted by ace songwriter and producer, Kernal Roberts. The male Roberts was approached by Patrice's then mentors; Dan Nero and George Stanisclaus for her introduction into

paragraph: the "Soca World." This is how 2005 began. One of her greatest achievements followed soon after when she was named the youngest female Road March winner for her collaboration with Machel Montano titled “Band Of The Year”. This achievement would solidify her existence in the Soca world and prove to critics that she was more talent than they expected. Her talent has provided her with opportunities to travel extensively throughout the Caribbean, The USA and Europe with more opportunities still presenting themselves.

paragraph: To understand her career one must understand her struggles, obstacles and successes, a simple word of advice from her to anyone interested in following their dreams is, ""Believe in them."" To date Roberts has been recognized for some of her hit singles namely, 'Big Girl Now', 'Old and Grey', ‘A Little Wine’, ‘Bruk Out’, ‘I am Soca’, 'Unforgettable', ‘Tempa Wine’, ‘Judgement Stage’, Wukkin Up’, ‘Rollin’, 'B.O.D.Y' with Machel Montano, and among others.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry: Feminism in Trinidad.

paragraph: On 1 January 2017 Patrice Roberts released a song called Big Girl Now. In the context of Caribbean and Trinidadian history and Roberts’ role as a female soca artist, the song serves as a modern repudiation of a male dominated culture. Trinidadian culture has historically been male dominated and the same can be said of soca since its inception. Before and after Trinidad's independence from Britain, the country has kept a strict binary of male and female roles. Men dominated the "rational" public sphere thus laying claim to the spoken word and women were relegated to the private sphere as was much of the rest of the Caribbean. The gendered authority over the spoken word in the Caribbean and Trinidad gives great meaning to women who challenge such notions. In the 1980s, the male dominated field of soca music began to shift as Trinidadian vocal performers began to emerge. Enter Patrice Roberts who was born in 1985 just as women began to dominate soca music. In Big Girl Now, Patrice Roberts brushes past traditional notions of who can and can't produce soca music and takes back her own sexuality as a grown woman from a society that attempts to tell her what she can and can't do. Much of gendered Trinidadian society can be traced back to early post-independence. Just after the independence of Trinidad from Britain on 31 August 1962, the country set about creating the imagined community of "nation" and citizenry (state). In this light the creation of cultural borders such as that on sexuality is one of the modern nation-state. For example, the Sexual Offenses Bill of 1986 that attempted to regulate women's bodies by dictating what was allowed sexually. The bill stated that " promiscuity" was a "contaminant of the West". Soca music as performed by female soca performers, such as Patrice Roberts in Big Girl Now, can be thought of as a repudiation of the nation-state evident in lyrics such as "mind your business, hush your mouth" while Patrice Roberts and her friends in the music video for Big Girl Now take part in what might be considered "promiscuous behavior" by traditional norms. Some critics of Caribbean music and the soca music scene such as author Kevin Frank believe the role of women to be a solely exploitative and poisonous one while looking at the lyrics of male soca artists and the dance "winning". These critics fail to take into account contemporary female soca performers and the colonial history of pre-independence Trinidad as well as early post-independence Trinidad. Both periods sought out to control the sexuality of women. According to Susan Harewood, national narratives that make up the conception of "nation" are multi-authored but rarely egalitarian. Throughout Trinidad's history these narratives have been written by men. Artists and Trinidadian women such as Patrice Roberts are authoring their own narrative of what it means to be a Trinidadian woman.

paragraph: Section::::Carnival and Soca Music (Traditional Culture).

paragraph: Patrice Roberts was born and grew up in Trinidad. Trinidad is a nation having remarkable carnival culture, and it is also known to be the hub of the soca and the calypso music. The soca music is also called the soul calypso. Both genres represent the carnival culture in Trinidad. Trinidad carnival music exhibits three themes including the tradition, the social identity, and the performance context and function. The tradition component of the carnival music includes the usage of music in religious ceremonies and weddings. In these occasions, the instruments such as guitar, cautro, and maracas are used. In additional, vocal, clapping, stamping and special breathing sound "doption" are also used in the soca and calypso music. People dance in the Trinidad carnivals. The social identity component reflects the ethnic diversity in Trinidad. There are huge population of Indians, Africans, and other ethnicities. The soca music mixes the calypso with East Indian music. Comparing to calypso, the soca music has faster tempo and it is more energetic. The soca music is designed for festivity and cheerful dance. While the soca lyric has less storytelling, it is calling the audiences to respond to the singer. The soca music is also having more sound effects from the studio production. As a Trinidadian, Patrice Roberts’ songs exhibit characteristics of the soca music and the Trinidad carnival dynamic. As a popular singer, she performs the soca music to broad global audiences and fosters cultural exchanges. In 2006, Patrice Roberts sang with Machel Montano, an internationally known soca singer. Together, their song "Band of De Year" won the 2006 Carnival Road March. This achievement brought fame to both singers, the soca music, and the Trinidad carnival culture.

paragraph: Section::::Patrice Roberts and Motherhood.

paragraph: Despite their best efforts the people of Trinidad and Tobago still suffer color and class discrimination as well as sexism . It is apparent in the music industry is male-dominated while women are taking up the vocalist roles in bands. Even though women are able to use their voice to speak of the gender-biased oppression as a welcoming to the music industry, it is also to be said that they are restricted to playing musical instruments roles that can farther increase their credibility. Despite this, Calypso music became the opening door for women to work in the music industry. Calypso music is a type of political and social folk song genre from Trinidad. Calypso music gave the women of Trinidad a voice to sing of gendered-biased oppression. Patrice Roberts started her career with calypso music but transitioned to Soca, the Soul of Calypso music. Despite being a musical performance that are sometimes cases as a form of male objectification, she is also a mother. She wrote a song for her daughter of one, Lily.

paragraph: Patrice Roberts came from a traditional Muslim family where it restricted her of doing what she loved, to sing. The changing role of women as well as the improved status of local expressive forms help create a space for women to participate in the cultural life of Trinidad and Tobago, just as they won role for themselves in public life in general. Patrice Roberts was able to still be an entertainer and was able to perform when she was pregnant. This past mother's day, she celebrated her daughter's first birthday by publishing a song for her. Her daughter's name is Lily and the song title is Diamond in My Heart. This music video features Patrice Roberts being a mother during Lily's baptism.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.

paragraph: In her early career, Roberts first won the 1995 Sangre Grande Junior Calypso Monarch competition. In 2000, she became a top finalist in the competition, marking her ascent in the calypso arena. In the year 2001, she became the National Soca Monarch, the National Library Calypso Monarch and the National Junior Calypso Monarch. She again won the National Junior Calypso Monarch in 2002. Other achievements include Toco Personality Winner 2000 and U.N.D.P. second-runner up 2001.

paragraph: Patrice Roberts has also competed in the International Soca Monarch in Trinidad on several occasions. In 2006, she placed second alongside Zan with the track "Always Be" in the "Groovy" category. Her collaboration with Machel Montano, "Light it Up" placed 4th in the "Power" category in 2007. In 2008, she placed second in the "Groovy" category with her song "More Wuk".

paragraph: Her greatest achievement so far has been winning the 2006 Road March competition with the song "Band of the Year" sung with Machel Montano.

paragraph: To this day, Roberts is known as one of the leading ladies of soca.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blossoming" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Looking Hot" (2008)

paragraph: Section::::Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Islands" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Always Be" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Band Of De Year" (2006) (Winner 2006 Carnival Road March)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Till Tomorrow" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Light it Up" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dance With Me" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wukkin Up (Remix)" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rollin" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tempa Wine" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feels Nice" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bump & Grind" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Like it Like That" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Myspace

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sugar Boy" Music Video

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rollin" Music Video

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.patriceroberts.com Bio, Music, Video & Bookings

description: Trinidad and Tobago musician

wikidata_label: Patrice Roberts

wikipedia_title: Patrice Roberts