text:
stage name
record producer
New York City
New York City
Eastchester
Bronx
West Hempstead
Long Island
hip hop
Prince Paul
production
De La Soul
3 Feet High and Rising
A Tribe Called Quest
Q-Tip
Pete Rock
Large Professor
Ensoniq ASR-10
Hofstra University
Queens College
The Pharcyde
California
Harlem
Ralph Lauren
Metro
Polo Ralph Lauren
Mos Def
Talib Kweli
Kid Cudi
Macy Gray
Musiq Soulchild
Dejuan Lucian
Consequence
MC
singer
collaborator
The Death of Adam
Executively produced
Kanye West
concept album
mixtape
Stay Up! (Viagra)
Spin (magazine)
Atlanta
Addictive
That's Life
Sia
Mac Miller
Warner Records
The Death of Adam

categories: Songwriters from New York (state),20th-century male musicians,1976 births,East Coast hip hop musicians,21st-century American musicians,21st-century American rappers,American male rappers,African-American male rappers,African-American songwriters,21st-century male musicians,African-American record producers,Rappers from the Bronx,American hip hop record producers,20th-century American rappers,Record producers from New York (state),Living people

paragraph: Charles Misodi Njapa (born March 5, 1976), better known by his stage name 88-Keys, is an American record producer and rapper from New York City.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in New York City to West African parents, he was raised in the Eastchester section of the Bronx and later in West Hempstead on Long Island, where he attended high school.

paragraph: 88-Keys first took an interest in hip hop after hearing Prince Paul's production on De La Soul's 1989 critically acclaimed album "3 Feet High and Rising". In the early '90's, 88-Keys met A Tribe Called Quest's Q-Tip, DJ-producer Pete Rock and producer Large Professor working as an intern at West Hempstead's The Music Palace recording studio. It was Large Professor who gave Charles his 88-Keys moniker after witnessing his skills on the Ensoniq ASR-10 keyboard.

paragraph: Upon considering a serious career in music, 88-Keys's parents and older brother began trying to point him into the field of medicine because it was a more "professional field" and the music industry didn't seem like a lucrative move. After briefly attending Hofstra University and Queens College, 88-Keys dropped out to pursue his dreams of being a record producer. His decision was fueled by an opportunity to record some tracks with The Pharcyde who were recording in California. 88-Keys currently resides in Harlem, New York with his wife and two daughters.

paragraph: In addition to his passion for music, 88-Keys has expressed his love for fashion, most notably Ralph Lauren. During an interview with "Metro" 88-Keys revealed that he has worn Polo Ralph Lauren every day for 16 years.

paragraph: According to the article, 88-Keys began wearing Polo Ralph Lauren as a Long Island high school student in 1992 when he developed a liking for its classic, preppy style. Since then, he's worn a complete look from the brand every day, without fail. His wardrobe includes over 700 Polo pieces.

paragraph: Since his days as an assistant engineer, 88-Keys has produced records for numerous artists including Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Kid Cudi, Macy Gray, Musiq Soulchild, Dejuan Lucian and Consequence. Recently, 88-Keys extended beyond his production credits to highlight his skills on the mic as MC, singer and collaborator, most notably on his solo debut album "The Death of Adam" released on November 11, 2008. Executively produced by 88-Keys's close friend Kanye West, the concept album tells the story of a man named Adam who has been murdered in a loft apartment in Harlem. In August 2008 a fifteen-track mixtape titled "Adam's Case Files" was released as a prequel to "The Death of Adam". The album's first single titled "Stay Up! (Viagra)" was officially released through iTunes on September 9, 2008. In December 2008, 88-Keys was highlighted as "Spin (magazine)" Artist of the Day. In 2009, 88-Keys worked in Atlanta with new female duo Addictive on a track for a forthcoming album.

paragraph: In June 2019, 88-Keys announced that a song he produced titled "That's Life", featuring Sia and Mac Miller, had been approved for release by Miller's estate, and will be released through Warner Records on June 20, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adam's Case Files Mixtape" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stay Up! (Viagra) Prescription Pack – EP" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Death of Adam" (2008)

description: American rapper and record producer


text: Meiji Period

text: genrō

text: Matsukata Masayoshi

text: Bronze Wolf

text: Scouting

text: Scout Association of Japan

text: Golden Pheasant Award

text: mountaineer

text: alpinist

text: Mount Everest

text: László Nagy

text: World Scout Foundation

categories: 1899 births,Recipients of the Silver World Award,Recipients of the Bronze Wolf Award,Matsukata family,World Scout Committee members,1973 deaths,Scouting in Japan

paragraph: Saburō Matsukata

paragraph: Matsukata was son of the early Meiji Period Finance Minister and genrō, Matsukata Masayoshi.

paragraph: In 1972, Matsukata was awarded the "Bronze Wolf", the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. In 1973 he posthumously received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award.

paragraph: An experienced mountaineer and lifelong alpinist, Matsukata led Japan's 39-person expedition to Mount Everest in 1970.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. László Nagy, "250 Million Scouts", The World Scout Foundation and Dartnell Publishers, 1985, complete list through 1981

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of 20th-century summiters of Mount Everest

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

alias:
Saburo Matsukata
Saburou Matsukata

description: Japanese scouting leader

wikidata_label: Saburō Matsukata

wikipedia_title: Saburō Matsukata


text: Kobe

text: geisha

text: Shinkaichi

text: cinemaphile

text: World War II

text: TV Asahi

text: Charlie Chaplin

text: Steven Seagal

text: silent film

text: sound film

text: captions

text: shot

text: Takeshi Kitano

text: Kurosawa

text: Shigehiko Hasumi

text: Hiroyuki Sanada

text: Jackie Chan

text: Nobuhiko Obayashi

categories: 1909 births,Japanese film critics,Japanese television personalities

paragraph: Nagaharu Yodogawa

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Yodogawa was born in Kobe and grew up in his father's geisha agency in the Shinkaichi entertainment district, along with his brother and two sisters. His family were regular movie-goers, visiting the cinema several times a week. Yodogawa began accompanying his family at age four. By the age of seven he proved himself to be a budding cinemaphile; he would often go to the movies on his own, seeing as many as 10 films in one week.

paragraph: Section::::Career in film criticism.

paragraph: Upon graduating from Kobe High School, Yodogawa started his journalistic career working for the magazine "Eiga Sekai" ("Movie World"). After World War II he became Chief Editor of "Eiga no Tomo" ("Film Friend"), a post he held for 20 years.

paragraph: After his tenure at "Eiga no Tomo", Yodogawa went on to do freelance work in radio, television and print, all in relation to film. In 1962 he began working at TV Asahi as the host of "Sunday Western Movie Theatre", a job to which he was so devoted that he did not miss a single appearance until just a week before his death in 1998. During his 3 decades as the show's host he interviewed film stars "ranging from Charlie Chaplin to Steven Seagal". He is also known for closing each show with his signature line "Sayonara, sayonara, sayonara".

paragraph: Section::::Love of film.

paragraph: Yodogawa's first love was silent film. He preferred silent movies over sound film because he felt that silent films depicted real life and were easy to understand, even without Japanese captions.

paragraph: Over his career, Yodogawa became increasingly critical of modern Japanese film, once stating: "It is because I love film so much that I hate those incompetent and uninteresting new movies." In contrast, he believed that even the worst movies were worth watching; he felt that all films had at least one redeeming feature, such as a well composed shot. Near the end of his life he did however show interest in the new style of film-making of Takeshi Kitano, to whom he referred as "the true successor to Kurosawa".

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: Yodogawa's appreciation of film is notable amongst the film industry of Japan; fellow critic and scholar Shigehiko Hasumi once said: "We usually watch films with the intellect, but Yodogawa watched them with every fibre of his being." The award-winning actor Hiroyuki Sanada also credited Yodogawa as having introduced him to foreign movies.

paragraph: In 1991, the Yodogawa Nagaharu Award, sponsored by "Road Show Magazine" (Japan), was created to commemorate the film critic; the award is presented to a person or group who contributed greatly to the Japanese film industry in the preceding year. In 2005, Jackie Chan became the first non-Japanese recipient of the award.

paragraph: Section::::Final years.

paragraph: Yodogawa lived the last years of his life in the Zen Nikku Hotel in Tokyo (now ANA InterContinental Tokyo), where he paid for his room in cash every 10 days. He continued working as the host of "Sunday Western Movie Theatre" until just weeks before his death.

paragraph: Nagaharu Yodogawa died November 11, 1998 of heart failure. "Yodogawa Nagaharu monogatari - Kobe-hen: Sainara", a biographical film depicting his life, directed by Nobuhiko Obayashi, was released the following year.

paragraph: Section::::Partial bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1987). Eiga No michi, Jinsei No michi. 350 pages. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1987). Rekishi Wa Eiga De Tsukurareru. 334 pages. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1987). Watakushi No Eiga No Jikan, Tabi to Zatsugaku. 318 pages. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1988). Eiga Senya Ichiya. 796 pages. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1990). Shine Kurabu jidai : Atene Furanse Bunka Sentā tōku sesshon = L'Age du cine-club. 348 pages. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1991). Eiga. 261 pages. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1993). Waga eiga jinsei ni kui nashi. 170 pages. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1999). Saigo no sayonara sayonara sayonara. 334 pages. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1999). Kurosawa Akira o kataru = Yodogawa Nagaharu talks about Kurosawa Akira. 253 pages. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yodogawa, Nagaharu (1999). Eiga wa kataru. 509 pages. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yodogawa Nagaharu monogatari - Kobe-hen: Sainara" on IMDB

description: Japanese television personality

wikidata_label: Nagaharu Yodogawa

wikipedia_title: Nagaharu Yodogawa


href: Ostend Belgium painting drawing

text: Ostend Belgian painter draughtsman

categories: 1980 deaths,20th-century Belgian painters,1905 births

paragraph: Gustaaf Sorel

paragraph: Gustaaf Sorel (17 January 1905, in Ostend – 14 May 1981, in Ostend) was a Belgian painter and draughtsman known for his representations of gloomy people and bleak street sights.

description: painter

wikidata_label: Gustaaf Sorel

wikipedia_title: Gustaaf Sorel


text:
David Lindsay, 1st Lord Balcarres
John Lindsay, Lord Menmuir
Anna Mackenzie
Colin Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Seaforth
Covenant
University of St. Andrews
Battle of Marston Moor
Engager
Charles I
parliament
commissioner of the Exchequer
Earl of Balcarres
Edinburgh Castle
Charles II
Breda
Charles

categories: Covenanters,Scottish diplomats,Clan Lindsay,Members of the pre-1707 Parliament of Scotland,Earls of Balcarres,1618 births,1659 deaths,Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1648–51,Lords High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland,17th-century Scottish people

paragraph: Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres

paragraph: Alexander Lindsay, 2nd Lord Balcarres and 1st Earl of Balcarres (6 July 1618 – 30 August 1659) was a Scottish nobleman and courtier.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lindsay was the eldest son of David Lindsay, 1st Lord Balcarres, and grandson of John Lindsay, Lord Menmuir. In April 1640, he married Lady Anna Mackenzie (b.1621), daughter of Colin Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Seaforth.

paragraph: Lindsay succeeded his father as Lord Balcarres in 1641. Originally a strong supporter of the Covenant, having been tutored at the University of St. Andrews by David Forret, he was present at the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644. However, in 1648 he became an Engager seeking an alliance with Charles I, leading to a break with the majority of the Covenanters. Admitted to parliament in 1649 he was appointed a commissioner of the Exchequer in 1650.

paragraph: He was created Earl of Balcarres on 9 January 1651, with the subsidiary title Lord Lindsay and Balneil, and hereditary governor of Edinburgh Castle in 1651. He visited France to advise the king in 1653 and 1654 and finally resided at the court in exile of Charles II in the Netherlands. Lady Anna served as a governess to Prince William of Orange. Lord Balcarres died at Breda and was succeeded by his son Charles.

description: Scottish politician and noble


text:
South Africa
track and field athlete
1928 Summer Olympics
1932 Summer Olympics
Bulwer
KwaZulu-Natal
Olympic high jump event
100 m competition
bronze medal
80 m hurdles
1932 high jump event
100 m competition
1934 British Empire Games
gold medal
100 yards
220 yards
Profile at databaseOlympics

categories: People from Ingwe Local Municipality,Olympic athletes of South Africa,Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics,Olympic bronze medalists for South Africa,Commonwealth Games gold medallists for South Africa,Athletes (track and field) at the 1932 Summer Olympics,White South African people,1993 deaths,1909 births,South African female hurdlers,Athletes (track and field) at the 1934 British Empire Games,South African female sprinters,South African female high jumpers,Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics,Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)

paragraph: Marjorie Clark

paragraph: Marjorie Rees Clark (later "Smith", 6 November 1909 – 15 June 1993) was a South African former track and field athlete, who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1932 Summer Olympics. She was born in Bulwer, KwaZulu-Natal and competed for the Albion Ladies Athletic Club.

paragraph: In 1928 Clark finished fifth in the Olympic high jump event. She also participated in the 100 m competition, but was eliminated in the semi-finals. Four years later she won the bronze medal in the 80 m hurdles contest at the 1932 Olympics. In the 1932 high jump event she finished fifth again and in the 100 m competition, but was eliminated in the first round.

paragraph: Also at 1928 Women's Amateur Association Championships Miss Clark won both the 100 yds hurdles & high jump.

paragraph: At the 1934 British Empire Games she won the gold medal in the 80 m hurdles contest as well as in the high jump event. As a member of the South African relay team she finished fourth in the 110-220-110 yards competition. In the 100 yards contest and in the 220 yards event she was eliminated in the first round.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at databaseOlympics

description: athletics competitor

wikidata_label: Marjorie Clark

wikipedia_title: Marjorie Clark


text:
Cilacap
Central Java
Indonesian
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Gadjah Mada University
Java
People's Democratic Party
SOAS University of London
University of Cambridge
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
ResPublica Institute
Gadjah Mada University
International Relations
University of London
School of Oriental and African Studies
SOAS
Clare Hall, Cambridge
Res Publica Institute

categories: Alumni of Clare Hall, Cambridge,Gadjah Mada University alumni,Indonesian activists,1970 births,People from Cilacap Regency,Alumni of SOAS, University of London,Living people

paragraph: Budiman Sudjatmiko

paragraph: Budiman Sudjatmiko (born 10 March 1970 in Cilacap, Central Java) is an Indonesian activist and politician from Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Sudjatmiko is the son of Wartono (father) and Sri Sulastri (mother). He pursued Economics at Gadjah Mada University where he immersed himself in student movements and started to organize civil movements in Java. Inspired by revolutionary movements, he dropped out of college to focus on people movement and became a chairman of the People's Democratic Association (Perhimpunan Rakyat Demokratik), which in 1996 became the People's Democratic Party (PRD).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 2002, Budiman resigned from PRD to pursue a master's degree in political studies at SOAS University of London. He later pursued a Master of Philosophy degree in International Relations at the University of Cambridge.

paragraph: In December 2004, he joined the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), one of Indonesia's major political parties On this movement, he commented:

paragraph: "Although there is still much which must be sorted out in terms of professionalism, ethics and morals, in the vision of struggle and other programs within the PDI-P, all of this is a challenge for the PDI-P to become the party of the little people".

paragraph: He is currently the director of ResPublica Institute, an Indonesian defense think tank.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: He is an alumnus of SMAN 5 Kota Bogor.

paragraph: In addition to studying Economics at Gadjah Mada University, Budiman gained two master's degrees, both in International Relations, from the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) and at Clare Hall, Cambridge.

paragraph: He is currently the director of Res Publica Institute, an Indonesian defense think tank.

description: Indonesian politician

wikidata_label: Budiman Sudjatmiko

wikipedia_title: Budiman Sudjatmiko


text: southeastern

text: south-central

text: Pennsylvania

text: Elizabeth

text: Pennsylvania

text: Hummelstown

text: Chester County

text: folklore

text: historical fiction

text: Johnny Appleseed

text: Davy Crockett

text: Lebanon

text: Lebanon County

text: East Bradford

text: West Bradford Township

text: American Revolution

text: British

text: Lancaster County

text: Philadelphia

text: Newtown Square

text: Supreme Executive Council

text: Benjamin Franklin

text: Christmas

text: Schuylkill River

text: execution

text: New Holland

text: Mount Gretna

text: Campbelltown

text: cave

text: Indian Echo Caverns

text: Swatara Creek

text: Susquehanna River

text: Middletown

text: Derry Township

text: State Capitol

text: Harrisburg

text: Hershey

text: stalagmite

text: Bible

text: Lower Swatara Township

text: Rosebud

text: Indian Echo "Caverns"

text: Dauphin County

text: ghost stories

text: Halloween

text: strange but true

text: Red Barn Murder

text: The Newgate Calendar

text: Indian Echo Caverns official website

categories: 1821 deaths,American hermits,People from Dauphin County, Pennsylvania,American folklore,1762 births

paragraph: William "Amos" Wilson

paragraph: William Wilson (ca. 1762 – October 1821) — known as The Pennsylvania Hermit — became a figure in the folklore of southeastern and south-central Pennsylvania in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His sister Elizabeth had been condemned for the murder of her children, although many believed her to be innocent of those charges. A pardon for Elizabeth was granted by the state and entrusted to William, but he was unable to deliver it in time to stop the execution. Following his sister's death, William withdrew from society, wandering westward across southeastern Pennsylvania and ultimately living his last 19 years in a cave near Hummelstown.

paragraph: In some sources, William and Elizabeth are referred to as Amos Wilson and Harriot Wilson. However, the historical record leaves no doubt that the Hermit and his sister were named William and Elizabeth. The origin of these "alternate" names has never been fully explained.

paragraph: Many key elements of the Wilsons' saga are documented in the records of the Chester County Courts and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. However, the story quickly became a part of local folklore and was embellished by generations of storytellers. It is often possible to note which elements of the tale are a part of the historical record and which might be considered suspect. However, the story of the Pennsylvania Hermit might best be considered historical fiction, as the familiar tale incorporates elements of both history and fiction, not unlike the popular image of a Johnny Appleseed or Davy Crockett. The following is a synthesis of numerous sources from both genres and is best regarded as historical fiction.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Little background information has survived regarding the Wilson family. Some early accounts report that William and Elizabeth's father was a farmer named John Wilson. John's first wife, and the children's mother, was also named Elizabeth.

paragraph: Sources are divided regarding the Wilsons' ages. Some indicate that William was born ca. 1764, and his sister two years later, while others suggest that Elizabeth was born ca. 1758 and that William was her "younger" brother by an unspecified period of time. There is no record of other siblings, and some accounts specify that William was his parents' only son and Elizabeth their only daughter. William was said to have been born in Lebanon, in present-day Lebanon County, although in every other instance he and his family are linked to "Chester" County.

paragraph: The Wilson family lived in Chester County, most likely in East Bradford or West Bradford Township. Theirs was a farm family of modest means but solid reputation. During the American Revolution they sided with the British, and much of their property was confiscated by American forces. When the children were still young the elder Elizabeth died. Their father later remarried, but his second wife did not care for her stepchildren, and she encouraged their father to send them away as soon as they were of age.

paragraph: At sixteen, William was apprenticed to a stone carver named Fahnestock away in Lancaster County. Elizabeth went to Philadelphia and became either an employee or patron of the Indian Queen Tavern. In early 1784, Elizabeth was seduced by a tavern guest who soon after disappeared, leaving her pregnant. As her pregnancy became increasingly obvious her presence became too great an embarrassment, and she was made to leave the Indian Queen. She returned to her parents' home where she gave birth to twin sons.

paragraph: Section::::The case of Elizabeth Wilson.:Murder.

paragraph: In October, 1784, Elizabeth disappeared while traveling to meet her erstwhile lover in Newtown Square. She reappeared several days later but the children were nowhere to be seen. Their bodies were soon found hidden in the woods nearby and Elizabeth was quickly arrested. She was charged with "the murder of her Two Bastard Male Children." In October, 1785, she was found guilty of murder in the first degree and was sentenced to hang. The date for the execution was set for 7 December 1785.

paragraph: Section::::The case of Elizabeth Wilson.:Confession and pardon.

paragraph: Throughout the trial and the preceding events, William Wilson remained at work in Lancaster, unaware of his sister's predicament. But when Elizabeth was condemned to death William mysteriously announced that he was needed in Chester and would have to leave his job. He arrived at the jail on 3 December 1785. After recovering from the shock of seeing her brother so unexpectedly, Elizabeth was finally willing to relate the details surrounding her children's murder.

paragraph: William hastily assembled a group of respected officials, including Judge Atlee, to witness Elizabeth's confession. Elizabeth explained that her seducer had agreed to meet her in Newtown Square. However, he unexpectedly met her in a wood about west of the town, then killed the children and swore Elizabeth to silence.

paragraph: The confession was signed by the witnesses. William presented it to the Supreme Executive Council on 6 Dec 1785. The President of the Council was Benjamin Franklin, and its Vice President was Charles Biddle (1745–1821). Biddle's journal includes a brief discussion of the Wilson case and, in addition to court and Council records, is one of the more reputable sources regarding the matter. The Council ordered that the execution be postponed until 3 January 1786, in order to allow them more time in which to consider the case.

paragraph: In the meantime, William went in search of his sister's erstwhile lover, but when he found him on a New Jersey farm he denied ever having known Elizabeth. William then began to seek out witnesses who could link the man with the city of Philadelphia and with his sister. He was successful in compiling a list of several people, but he became ill around Christmas and spent some time recuperating at a friend's home in Philadelphia.

paragraph: Upon his next visit to the Chester jail, he was horrified to learn that Elizabeth's execution was scheduled for the following day. During his illness he had lost track of time and believed that it was 1 January, rather than 2 January.

paragraph: William rode to Franklin's home to request another postponement of Elizabeth's sentence but had to wait several hours to see him. Franklin felt that it was improper for him to act and referred William to Vice President Biddle. William found Biddle at the State House. Biddle wrote the order, "Do not execute Wilson until you hear further from Council," knowing that the members of the Executive Council were sympathetic towards Elizabeth and intended to grant a full respite.

paragraph: With Biddle's pardon in hand, William began the ride to Chester. He rode down Market Street and approached the Middle Ferry across the Schuylkill River. Heavy rain had made the river dangerously high and choked it with ice and debris; the ferry was not in operation. The last of the Revolutionary War-era pontoon bridges spanning the Schuylkill had been destroyed by an earlier flood in 1784 and the ferry was the only means of crossing the river in that area. William pleaded with the ferryman for several hours but could not persuade him. Finally, in desperation, he drove his horse into the icy water. The animal struggled against the current but was struck in the head by a chunk of ice or driftwood just fifty feet from the opposite shore. William swam the rest of the way, and by the time he reached dry land he was approximately downstream from where he'd entered the water, beyond the area of Gray’s Ferry. William found another horse and continued the ride to Chester, along what is today the Chester Pike (US Route 13).

paragraph: Section::::The case of Elizabeth Wilson.:Execution.

paragraph: Meanwhile, officials in Chester began preparations for Elizabeth's execution. The sheriff of Chester (given as either Ezekiel Leonard or William Gibbons) was one of the many who had come to believe that Elizabeth was innocent and who, following her confession, suspected that she might be pardoned. He stationed flagmen at intervals along the Queens Highway (4th Street), leading from Philadelphia, who could signal if William were coming with a pardon. Those assembled watched expectantly for a signal but none was seen. Noon arrived, and by law the sheriff could wait no longer. The order was given and the cart was pulled from beneath Elizabeth Wilson's feet. She did not die outright but showed little sign of struggle. Several long moments passed before the crowd noticed white flags waving along the road from Philadelphia.

paragraph: William rode to Hangman's Lot calling, "A pardon! A pardon!" His horse reared at the sight of Elizabeth's body, throwing him to the muddy ground beneath his sister. The sheriff quickly cut the rope and tried frantically to revive Elizabeth, but it was too late to save her. Varying accounts state that William arrived anywhere from mere moments to twenty-three minutes too late to deliver Biddle's pardon and save his sister's life.

paragraph: According to legend, when William rose from the mud beneath the gallows tree his hair had turned prematurely white and his face was marked by the lines of old age. His speech was reduced to gibberish.

paragraph: Section::::The Pennsylvania Hermit.

paragraph: After several months in a state of delirium, William returned to work as a stone carver. However, he had lost all interest in society and eventually abandoned it. He began to roam westward across southeastern Pennsylvania, interacting with others only when he needed to negotiate for provisions. He was known as the Hermit of Welsh Mountain, suggesting that he spent some time on or around that ridge on the line between Chester and the easternmost point of Lancaster County, just east of New Holland. He was said to have disappeared into the "Conewaga Mountains," perhaps referring to Conewago Hill on the west side of Mount Gretna. And he was known to have made grindstones and traded them for supplies in "Campbellstown" (most likely Campbelltown). All of this is consistent with a westward journey from Chester County to Hummelstown, perhaps along a route approximated by US Route 322.

paragraph: In 1802, William came to the place that would be his home for the last nineteen years of his life. The cave (today known as Indian Echo Caverns) where William set up residence is located at the foot of a high bluff, or "palisades," at the head of a horseshoe bend on the Swatara Creek, approximately upstream from where it meets the Susquehanna River at Middletown. It is on the western boundary of Derry Township, less than southwest of Hummelstown and approximately east of the site of the present-day State Capitol in Harrisburg. It is approximately from the modern town of Hershey.

paragraph: There are many caves in that area, but the Hermit's cave is particularly large and accessible. The natural entrance is approximately 26 feet wide and was well known to local residents from the earliest times. The "room" that became William's primary living quarters was over inside the cave and around a "corner." Although natural daylight often reaches that area, particularly late in the day, it is not directly visible from outside. The cave provided shelter and maintained a constant temperature. It was, however, subject to flooding. There is a natural ledge, reputed to have been William's bed, beside which stands a stalagmite that bears marks attributed to the rope ladder used to reach the ledge. There is a large recess near floor level which, according to legend, was used by Wilson and others as a 'natural fireplace'. However, it vents back into the room rather than to the outside and any large fire would have quickly filled the room with smoke, making it unlikely that it would have seen much repeat usage. William's possessions were few: a straw mattress, a table and stool, some cooking implements, a Bible and other religious books. He wrote frequently, generally on religious topics, and numerous manuscript pages were scattered among his possessions. He kept his clothes and his body clean but would not shave, and in later years was noted for a long, flowing, white beard.

paragraph: Despite his desire to separate himself from society, William's hermitage was not particularly isolated. It sat half a mile from a long-established town and was well known to the locals long before his arrival. While there is no evidence that local residents were ever abusive to William, it became a challenge to visit the cave and to catch a glimpse of its famous occupant. However, William was so familiar with the cave's topography that he was generally able to avoid curiosity seekers by retreating to hidden areas known only to him. His only personal acquaintance was a farmer who lived across the Swatara Creek in present-day Lower Swatara Township. (The land on the western side of the Creek slopes gently to the water, and before stairs were built for tourists in the 1920s it would have been easier to approach the cave from across the creek than to scale the cliff.) William made grindstones, which he traded with the farmer in exchange for supplies.

paragraph: Section::::The Pennsylvania Hermit.:Wilson's death.

paragraph: On 13 October 1821, the "Harrisburg Intelligencer" ran the following notice:

paragraph: As was the case with his sister, the details and location of William's burial remain unknown, although it is often assumed that he was buried somewhere on his friend's farm in Lower Swatara Township.

paragraph: Section::::The Pennsylvania Hermit in popular culture.:"The Sweets of Solitude".

paragraph: The tragic, lurid tale of William and Elizabeth Wilson quickly became familiar throughout the Philadelphia area and was told and retold in local papers throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Only two days after Elizabeth's execution, a printer in Philadelphia published the first version of "The Faithful Narrative of Elizabeth Wilson." By the end of the year, at least three (and as many as six) other editions were published. Additional versions were published as late as 1807. Although Elizabeth was certainly the focus of most early accounts, some of which make only passing references to her brother, William was also the subject of several sensationalist publications.

paragraph: In hermit lore, "The Pennsylvania Hermit" is believed to have been published very shortly after William died in 1821; however, the earliest known printing was in 1838, seventeen years later. As with "The Faithful Narrative," several editions were published in various northeastern cities. William had refused to allow anyone to read his manuscripts, let alone publish them, as he did not want society to benefit from his work. However, he supposedly requested that one item be published after his death. At some time after William's passing, "The Pennsylvania Hermit: A Narrative of the Extraordinary Life of Amos Wilson" was published. It is a twenty-four page pamphlet in two parts. The first, titled "The Life of Amos Wilson, &c.", is a brief telling of the Wilsons' story. The writer describes himself as William's friend and claims to have visited him the night before he died; he is generally assumed to have been the farmer who lived across the Creek. The second part of the pamphlet is "The Sweets of Solitude, or Instructions to Mankind How They May Be Happy In a Miserable World", and is purported to have been written by Wilson himself.

paragraph: Having been published by an alleged friend the book is often assumed to be an authoritative account of Wilson's life. In actuality, the book contains numerous errors in chronology and geography and is often dramatically at odds with the historical record and with most other accounts of the Wilsons' story. For instance, it reports that William was born in 1774 and his sister in 1776, meaning that Elizabeth would have been approximately nine years old when she was hanged, and William eleven. It tells that she gave birth to a single child whom she killed immediately after birth; in this version, her jailhouse confession was simply an acknowledgment of her guilt and sinful nature. It also reports that William was born in the city of Lebanon, in Dauphin County. Lebanon City was indeed a part of Dauphin County from 1785 through 1813; however, when William was born it was still a part of "Lancaster" County, and by the time of his death and "Hermit"'s publication that territory had long been a part of "Lebanon" County. While this might seem to be a trivial matter, it must be remembered that the book's author claimed to have been a local resident and might be expected to have been better informed regarding the basics of local geography. "Hermit" includes some of the earliest instances of the 'aliases' "Amos" and "Harriot", and might be the source of those names. The book often appears more concerned with providing moral instruction than with presenting a factual account; "The Life of Amos Wilson" contains the passage, "You see by the foregoing pages the gradation of evils dependent on a departure from...dignified modesty," and admonishes readers to "(t)urn your attention to those houses of debauchery where Vice reigns triumphant, and on whom poor mourning Virtue sheds a tear of pity." As such, its author may have changed the names of his lead characters in light of their questionable relationship with the historical figures of William and Elizabeth.

paragraph: Section::::The Pennsylvania Hermit in popular culture.:Other accounts.

paragraph: In the mid-19th century, a Chester newspaper printed an account of William's tale that made no mention of his time in the cave and stated that he died in 1819. Another made repeated reference to a small blue stool on which William, as a boy, had carved the initials "E & W." Predating Charles Foster Kane's Rosebud by a century, the stool served as a reminder of a more innocent time as Elizabeth awaited execution. Another version claims that after William arrived at Benjamin Franklin's home, Franklin immediately convened a special late-night session of the Executive Council and all necessary work related to the pardon was completed within minutes; this is dramatically at odds with the details provided by the vice president of that Council.

paragraph: Several sources also include dramatic, extended quotes attributed to both William and Elizabeth. Again, these passages sometimes seem to have more to do with reinforcing a rigid, traditional morality than with relating the factual story of William and Elizabeth Wilson, and as many exist only in a single source their authenticity must be viewed skeptically.

paragraph: Section::::The Pennsylvania Hermit in popular culture.:Wilson's Cave.

paragraph: The cave where William Wilson spent the last 19 years of his life has been known as Wilson Cave, Hummelstown Cave, Stoverdale Cave, Giant's Cave, and Indian Cave. When it was commercialized in the late 1920s it was renamed Indian Echo Cave. It has more recently been known as Indian Echo "Caverns" and remains open to the public. Today, William Wilson is perhaps better known in Dauphin County than in Chester, as his story is still heard frequently at Indian Echo Caverns, where it provides a dramatic conclusion to the guided tours presented daily. For many years the Caverns exhibited a table and chair that had supposedly belonged to Wilson; these were removed some time ago and were almost certainly not authentic.

paragraph: Section::::The Pennsylvania Hermit in popular culture.:Ghost stories.

paragraph: The Wilsons' story inevitably inspired several ghost stories.

paragraph: For many years local residents claimed to see and hear a spectral horseman galloping across Chester and Delaware Counties and up to the old jail. This story became well known after William became a recluse—but long before he actually died.

paragraph: When trees were cleared to make a parking lot for Indian Echo Cave, it was said that the newly opened space revealed Elizabeth Wilson's wandering spirit. This ghost story is unusual in that, while living, Elizabeth never set foot anywhere near the area she was alleged to haunt.

paragraph: More poignant are tales from East Bradford Township of a female spirit walking through the woods where (according to some accounts) the bodies of Elizabeth’s children were discovered, looking for something lost beneath the leaves.

paragraph: While early storytelling focused on Elizabeth's saga and the moral implications of her actions, the current focus seems to be on the sensational aspects of William's ride and Elizabeth's execution, and on the strange circumstances of William's life in the cave. As such, the story is sometimes resurrected by local media in connection with Halloween observances or as part of "strange but true" features.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Red Barn Murder

paragraph: The Newgate Calendar

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indian Echo Caverns official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seclusion.com - Online text of The Pennsylvania Hermit

paragraph: BULLET::::- The entrance to Wilson's cave is at coordinates

description: American hermit

wikidata_label: William (Amos) Wilson

wikipedia_title: William "Amos" Wilson


text:
courtesy name
Sui
Tang dynasty
Confucianist
Imperial Examination
Five Classics
Hengshui
Northern Qi
Northern Dynasties
Confucius
Confucian classics
Shangshu
Du Yu
Zuo Zhuan
Emperor Yang
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Emperor Taizong of Tang
Du Ruhui
Fang Xuanling
Imperial Academy
Book of Sui
viscount
Confucian classics
Yan Shigu
Zhangsun Wuji
Gaozong
Zhao Mausoleum
Imperial Examination
Classic of Poetry
Five Classics

categories: 648 deaths,People from Hengshui,Sui dynasty people,Educators from Hebei,Chinese Confucianists,Writers from Hebei,Tang dynasty writers,574 births

paragraph: Kong Yingda

paragraph: Kong Yingda (; 574 – 648), courtesy names Chongyuan (冲遠) and Zhongda (仲達), was a Sui and Tang dynasty Confucianist, who is considered one of the most influential Confucian scholars in Chinese history. His most important work is the "Wujing Zhengyi" ("Correct Meaning of the Five Classics"), which became the standard curriculum for the Imperial Examinations, and the basis for all future official commentaries of the Five Classics. He was also "skilled at mathematics and the calendar."

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Kong Yingda was born 574 in Hengshui, Jizhou (冀州), in the state of Northern Qi of the Northern Dynasties. He was said to be a 32nd-generation descendant of Confucius, and his father Kong An (孔安), grandfather Kong Shuo (孔碩), and great-grandfather Kong Linggui (孔靈龜) all served as high-ranking government officials.

paragraph: Kong began studying Confucian classics in childhood. He later became a pupil of Liu Zhuo (), a renowned scholar of the time, and studied the "Shangshu" and Du Yu's annotations of the "Zuo Zhuan" under his guidance.

paragraph: Section::::Sui dynasty.

paragraph: After Emperor Yang ascended the throne of the Sui dynasty in 604, the emperor invited famous scholars and their students to his court, including Liu Zhuo and Kong Yingda. Kong excelled in scholarly debates, and was appointed to a high post at the age of only 30. His eminence caused envy in some established scholars, who were ashamed of being inferior to him and made an abortive attempt to have him assassinated.

paragraph: Section::::Tang dynasty.

paragraph: After the Tang dynasty replaced the short-lived Sui, Kong Yingda became one of the "Eighteen Scholars" in the court of Emperor Taizong of Tang, along with the likes of Du Ruhui and Fang Xuanling. He served in several top positions of the Imperial Academy, and participated in the composition of the "Book of Sui", the official history of the Sui dynasty. The emperor awarded him the nobility rank of viscount.

paragraph: To reconcile the conflicting versions and traditions of the Confucian classics, in 637, Emperor Taizong sponsored a project to create a standardized compilation and interpretation of the texts. Kong Yingda was appointed the head of the project, and he gathered a team of experts including Yan Shigu, Sima Caizhang (司马才章), Wang Gong (王恭), and Wang Yan (王琰), who spent five years to finish the project, and Emperor Taizong personally named the work "Wujing Zhengyi" (五經正義, "Correct Meaning of the Five Classics"). However, their work was criticized for verbosity by other scholars including Ma Jiayun (馬嘉運), and the emperor ordered further revisions to be made. Kong Yingda died before the revision was completed, and Zhangsun Wuji was appointed to finish the work, which was finally approved in 653 by the next emperor, Gaozong.

paragraph: Kong Yingda died in 648, at the age of 74. He was given the honour to be buried in the Zhao Mausoleum, accompanying Emperor Taizong in death.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Kong Yingda's "Wujing Zhengyi" became the canonical interpretation of the Confucian classics, and the standard curriculum for the Imperial Examinations. He coined the Chinese word for curriculum, "kecheng", in a commentary to the "Classic of Poetry". "Wujing Zhengyi" was also the basis for all future official commentaries on the Five Classics. As such, Kong Yingda is recognized as one of the most influential Confucian scholars in history.

paragraph: Kong Yingda and Du Yu added their own comments to Chunqiu Zuozhuan zhengyi. The fact that a pair of rainbows go together was noted by Kong Yingda.

alias: Zhongda Xian Chongyuan

description: Tang dynasty Confucianist

wikidata_label: Kong Yingda

wikipedia_title: Kong Yingda


text:
Italian
racing cyclist
Aromitalia Vaiano
Wiggle Honda 2013 season

categories: Olympic cyclists of Italy,Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,1993 births,Living people,Italian female cyclists

paragraph: Beatrice Bartelloni

paragraph: Beatrice Bartelloni (born 5 February 1993) is an Italian professional racing cyclist who currently races for the UCI Women's team Aromitalia Vaiano.

paragraph: Section::::Palmares.

paragraph: Source:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 – Wiggle Honda 2013 season

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015

description: Italian cyclist

wikidata_label: Beatrice Bartelloni

wikipedia_title: Beatrice Bartelloni


text:
Procol Harum
Edmonton
The Paramounts
Cat Stevens
Lulu
Gary Brooker
Procol Harum
A Whiter Shade of Pale
jazz
session
Bill Eyden
Robin Trower
Homburg
Matthew Fisher
debut album
Jimmy Page
Robert Plant
Led Zeppelin
John Bonham
Frankie Miller
Double Trouble
Joe Cocker
hit single
With a Little Help from My Friends
Bob Siebenberg
Supertramp
Scott Gorham
Thin Lizzy
AC/DC
Flick of the Switch
Phil Rudd
recording
Simon Wright
The Rocky Horror Picture Show
Mick Grabham
IMDb
film composer
Richard Hartley
Gary Brooker
Keith Reid
Matthew Fisher
Eugene
Gary Brooker
Keith Reid
Broken Barricades
B.J. Wilson's extensive fan page

categories: 20th-century drummers,Musicians from London,People from Edmonton, London,Infectious disease deaths in Oregon,1947 births,Deaths from pneumonia,Procol Harum members,1990 deaths,20th-century English musicians,English session musicians,People with disorders of consciousness,English rock drummers

paragraph: B. J. Wilson

paragraph: Barrie James ("B. J.") Wilson (18 March 1947 – 8 October 1990) was an English rock drummer. He was best known as a member of Procol Harum for the majority of their original career from 1967 to 1977.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early career.

paragraph: Wilson was born in Edmonton, London, and grew up in Ponders End. In 1962 he joined a Southend on Sea group The Paramounts, who scored a hit with "Poison Ivy" in 1964. After follow up singles failed to chart, the group disbanded in 1966 and Wilson went into session drumming, playing with Cat Stevens and Lulu.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Procol Harum.

paragraph: While he was busy with session drumming, former bandmate Gary Brooker had put together a new band, Procol Harum, and despite having a huge hit with "A Whiter Shade of Pale" (which featured jazz session drummer Bill Eyden) had difficulty getting a stable band for recording follow-up material. Eventually, Wilson joined Procol Harum in the summer of 1967, along with fellow ex-Paramount Robin Trower.

paragraph: There is some confusion over exactly what Wilson's contributions were to Procol Harum's follow-up single "Homburg". It is commonly believed that he played all the drums on the track, but according to both Wilson himself and organist Matthew Fisher, he was presented with a half-completed drum track onto which he subsequently overdubbed a few drum rolls. Whatever the case, he had established himself as the full-time drummer for the group's debut album.

paragraph: A 1974 Danish TV recording of the band was released as a 6-track "extra" on the 2009 DVD "Procol Harum in concert with the Danish National Concert Orchestra and Choir".

paragraph: Although he lacked the name recognition as other great drummers of his generation, Wilson was voted Best Drummer in the popular Playboy Music Polls of the early 1970s. He declined an offer by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant to be the original drummer for Led Zeppelin, so John Bonham got that gig instead.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Later career.

paragraph: After Procol Harum disbanded in 1977, Wilson played on Frankie Miller's "Double Trouble" album in 1978, and was a member of Joe Cocker's touring band between 1979 and 1984. Their concert in Calgary is featured on the DVD "Joe Cocker Live" (1981) and he is also featured in two Berlin concerts on the 2008 Joe Cocker DVD "Cry Me A River (The Rockpalast Collection)". BJ had been the drummer on Cocker's hit single, "With a Little Help from My Friends", recorded in 1968.

paragraph: In 1984 Wilson played briefly with Patrick Landreville, a former member of the 1960s cult band RHS, which included bandmates Bob Siebenberg (Supertramp), Scott Gorham (Thin Lizzy) and John Boutell (Beauregard Ajax).

paragraph: In 1983 Wilson was brought in to play drums on AC/DC's "Flick of the Switch" album, after their drummer Phil Rudd left the band close to the end of the recording for the album. No tracks recorded by Wilson were used on the finished album according to the recording engineer and was soon after replaced by drummer Simon Wright.

paragraph: Wilson was the drummer on the film soundtrack of "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" (1975), on which his former Procol Harum bandmate, guitarist Mick Grabham, also played. According to IMDb, Wilson's friend, prominent film composer, Richard Hartley, was the one who invited him to drum on that soundtrack, and Wilson brought Grabham in to play guitar. BJ also played on two tracks ("Lady Day" & "The Kids") on Lou Reed's 1973 album "Berlin".

paragraph: Wilson's last recorded work was on the 1985 Gary Brooker solo album, "Echoes in the Night", along with his former Procol Harum bandmates Keith Reid and Matthew Fisher, on tracks "Ghost Train", "The Long Goodbye" "Hear What You're Saying" and "Mr. Blue Day".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In 1987, Wilson collapsed after an intentional drug overdose and was hospitalised for three years, remaining in a vegetative state. Brooker and Reid had reformed the band and hoped to aid his recovery by sending "him the demo tapes we were making with a horrible drum machine on it because he hated that sort of thing". Unfortunately Wilson had 'suffered catastrophic damage which was never going to right itself'. He died of pneumonia in Eugene, Oregon, USA at the age of 43, leaving a wife, Susan and two daughters, Sarah and Nicola.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Wilson was the only stable member of Procol Harum besides vocalist / pianist Gary Brooker and lyricist Keith Reid during their commercial and artistic peak from 1967 to 1977. He had a powerful, distinctive style – he sat very low behind his kit (often side-on at the side of the stage) and was once referred to as like an 'Octopus in a Bathtub'. Live performances of the song "Power Failure", a track written to showcase his talents on the album "Broken Barricades" (1971) were filmed on a number of occasions.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- B.J. Wilson's extensive fan page at procolharum.com

description: English drummer

wikidata_label: B.J. Wilson

wikipedia_title: B. J. Wilson


text: Łódź

text: Cusset

text: painter

text: engraver

text: Polish

text: Paris

text: Warsaw

text: Kraków

text: Académie Julian

text: Jules Lefebvre

text: Salon d'Automne

text: Salon des Indépendants

text: Salon des Tuileries

text: Montmartre

text: Montparnasse

text: Apollinaire

text: Braque

text: Degas

text: Picasso

text: Impressionism

text: Cubist

text: avant-garde

text: Juan Gris

text: Section d'Or

text: Breton

text: Alice Halicka

text: French Foreign Legion

text: Clément Serveau

text: Tzara

text: Éluard

text: Joan Miró

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Vichy

text: Section d'Or

text: Brussels

text: New York

text: Chicago

text: London

text: Basel

text: Grove Dictionary of Art

text: Artcyclopedia

text: French National Library

categories: Polish Jews,1941 deaths,19th-century Polish painters,Year of birth uncertain,19th-century French painters,Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts alumni,French male painters,Polish emigrants to France,Alumni of the Académie Julian,20th-century Polish painters,20th-century French painters

paragraph: Louis Marcoussis

paragraph: Louis Marcoussis, formerly Ludwik Kazimierz Wladyslaw Markus or Ludwig Casimir Ladislas Markus, (1878 or 1883, Łódź – October 22, 1941, Cusset) was a painter and engraver of Polish origin who lived in Paris for much of his life and became a French citizen.

paragraph: After studying law briefly in Warsaw he went to the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts, where his teachers included Jan Stanislawski and Jozev Mehoffer. Moving to Paris in 1903, he spent a short time at the Académie Julian under Jules Lefebvre. The first time a painting of his was shown in a major exhibition was at the Salon d'Automne in 1905, and over the next quarter-century his work was shown in many other important exhibitions, in particular at the Salon des Indépendants and the Salon des Tuileries.

paragraph: He drew cartoons for satirical journals, as he had earlier in Poland. In Paris he needed to earn his own living, and also took on other drawing and illustration work. In the cafés of Montmartre and Montparnasse he got to know Apollinaire, Braque, Degas, Picasso and many more artists and writers. It was Apollinaire who suggested Markus' French name, Marcoussis, after a village not far from Paris.

paragraph: Impressionism influenced his early paintings, but from about 1911 he was part of the Cubist movement alongside other avant-garde painters like Picasso, Braque, Juan Gris and those of the Section d'Or. His work was shown in exhibitions in many European cities and in the US. In 1925 he had his first solo exhibition in Paris. As well as painting still lifes and musical instruments in the Cubist manner, he also produced portraits, views of Paris, and images from the Breton seaside.

paragraph: In 1913 he had married Alice Halicka, a painter who came from Kraków. Their daughter Malène was born in 1922. Marcoussis served in a Polish company of the French Foreign Legion from 1914-1919. He became a French citizen, while also staying in touch with Poland, both personally and professionally. He did not generally talk about his Jewish ancestry, and his family had converted to Catholicism, but today Marcoussis is often described as a Jewish artist.

paragraph: From 1930 onwards, much as his friend Clément Serveau, he concentrated on printmaking and illustration, including work inspired by Apollinaire's "Alcool", Tzara's "Indicateur des chemins de cœur", and Éluard's "Lingères légères" and "Aurélia". In the late 1930s Marcoussis collaborated with Spanish surrealist Joan Miró and taught him etching techniques, culminating in Miró's Black and Red Series, now in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art. He also taught at the Académie Schlaefer.

paragraph: After Nazi troops arrived in Paris in 1940, Marcoussis and Alice moved to Cusset near Vichy. He died there on 22 October 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Selected exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1905 Salon d'Automne, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1906 Salon des Indépendants, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 Exposition de la Section d'Or, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 Galerie Le Pierre, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928 Galerie Le Centaure, Brussels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 Galerie Georges Bernheim, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 Galerie Jeanne Bucher, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 Galerie Knoedler, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 Arts Club, Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 London Gallery, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 Retrospective in Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 Retrospective in Basel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951 Retrospective in Brussels

paragraph: (List from )

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irena Kossowska, "Louis Marcoussis (Ludwik Kazimierz Markus)", Instytut Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk July 2004 (pl)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grove Dictionary of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artcyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- French National Library

alias: Louis Casimir Ladislas (Ludwig Markus) Marcoussis

alias: Louis Casimir Ladislaus Markous Marcoussis

description: French painter and engraver

wikidata_label: Louis Marcoussis

wikipedia_title: Louis Marcoussis


text: Karlsruhe

text: Munich

text: German

text: painter

text: still life

text: Jugend

text: Simplicissimus

text: Joe Grant

text: Walt Disney

text: Fantasia

text: The drawings of Heinrich Kley

text: The Art of Heinrich Kley

text: Heinrich Kley Online

text: Heinrich Kley Biography

paragraph: Heinrich Kley

paragraph: Heinrich Kley (April 15, 1863 in Karlsruhe – 1945 in Munich) was a German illustrator, editorial illustrator and painter.

paragraph: Kley studied "practical arts" at the Karlsruhe Akademie and finished his studies in Munich. His early works were conventional portraits, landscapes, still lifes, city scenes and historical paintings. From about 1892 he won a reputation as an "industry artist", painting manufacturing scenes in oils and watercolors. They proved his deep understanding of the modern machine world. Kley attained greater notoriety with his sometimes darkly humorous pen drawings, published in "Jugend" and the notorious "Simplicissimus".

paragraph: The date of Kley's death is uncertain. Rumors initially suggested his demise in the early 1940s. It is also suggested that Kley died on August 2, 1945. Some sources mention the time of death on February 8, 1952.

paragraph: Cartoonist Joe Grant was well aware of Kley's work and introduced his drawings to Walt Disney, who built an extensive private collection. A number of early Disney productions, notably "Fantasia", reveal Kley's inspiration.

paragraph: Due to Disney's interest and reprints by Dover Publications, Kley is still known in the USA, while he is nowadays little regarded in Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Kley, Leut‘ und Viecher". Album. Albert Langen Verlag München o. J.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Kley, Skizzenbuch. Hundert Federzeichnungen". Albert Langen Verlag München o. J.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Kley, Skizzenbuch II. Hundert Federzeichnungen. Albert Langen Verlag München o. J.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hetaerenbriefe. Eine Auswahl aus Alciphron, Lucian u. a. Übersetzt von Dr. Hans W. Fischer. Mit Bildern von Heinrich Kley. Georg H. Wigand‘sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Leipzig o.J.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lucian, Lucius oder der Esel. Vorwort von Georg Cordesmühl. Bilder von Heinrich Kley. Georg H. Wigand‘sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Leipzig o.J.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vergils Aeneis. Travestiert von Alois Blumauer. Illustriert von Heinrich Kley. Berthold Sutter Verlag München 1910

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justinus Kerner, Die Reiseschatten. Mit Urzinkzeichnungen von Heinrich Kley . Hans von Weber Verlag München 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- Festzug. Jubiläum der Universität Heidelberg 1386 - 1886. Festzugs-Album, von Heinrich Kley in Karlsruhe unter Leitung von Professor Hoff entworfen und gezeichnet. Verlag von Bangel & Schmitt (Otto Petters), Univ.-Buchhandlung und Edmund von König, Kunsthandlung in Heidelberg (vermutlich Kleys erste Veröffentlichung)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Drawings of Heinrich Kley". Dover Publications New York 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- "More Drawings of Heinrich Kley. Sketchbook I and II". With an introduction. Dover Publications New York 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lost Art of Heinrich Kley, Volume 1: Drawings". With a foreword by Michael Wm. Kaluta. Picture This Press, Silver Spring: Maryland, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lost Art of Heinrich Kley, Volume 2: Paintings and Sketches". With a foreword by Joseph V. Procopio. Picture This Press, Silver Spring: Maryland, 2012

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The drawings of Heinrich Kley

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Art of Heinrich Kley

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Kley Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Kley Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Kley's Life and Art (with video)

alias:
h. kley
heinrich kley
kley

description: German artist

wikidata_label: Heinrich Kley

wikipedia_title: Heinrich Kley


text: medieval

text: Dutch

text: Scholastic

text: philosopher

text: Albert of Saxony

text: Nicole Oresme

text: Jean Buridan

text: Magister

text: University of Paris

text: University of Heidelberg

text: Nijmegen

text: Magister Artium

text: rector

text: theology

text: Urban VI

text: Tivoli

text: schism

text: Rupert I, Elector Palatine

text: Rome

text: Heidelberg

text: logic

text: Aristotelian

text: nominalist

text: natural philosophy

text: empiricist

text: physics

text: Thomas Bradwardine

text: Aristotle

text: theological

text: semantical

text: Neoplatonist

text: Ockhamist

text: clepsydra

text: Central Europe

text: university

text: Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy

text: Braakhuis, H. A. G.

categories: 14th-century births,Christian philosophers,Scholastic philosophers,14th-century Latin writers,1396 deaths,Aristotelian philosophers,People from Nijmegen,14th-century philosophers

paragraph: Marsilius of Inghen

paragraph: Marsilius of Inghen (c. 1340 – August 20, 1396) was a medieval Dutch Scholastic philosopher who studied with Albert of Saxony and Nicole Oresme under Jean Buridan. He was Magister at the University of Paris as well as at the University of Heidelberg from 1386 to 1396.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born near Nijmegen. Details about his family and early life are not well known, the first known date of his biography being September 27, 1362. On that day he gave his Magister Artium lecture at the University of Paris. There, he received his masters of arts, then took up work and was rector in 1367 and 1371. Aside from his philosophical and logical studies, he also studied theology, in which subject his lectures enjoyed large popularity. In 1378, Marsilius was the delegate of University of Paris for the Pope Urban VI in Tivoli.

paragraph: After 1379 the name of Marsilius of Inghen was not mentioned anymore in the recordings of the University of Paris. He was probably driven out of the university because of a schism. In 1383 Marsilius and Albert of Saxony went to spread the nominalist doctrine at . In 1386, Marsiluis became the first rector of the University of Heidelberg, which he founded with the help of Rupert I, Elector Palatine. He was, furthermore, the first theologian to receive a doctorate from the university.

paragraph: In 1386 Marsilius became Magister at the University of Heidelberg, of which he was rector nine times altogether: From 1386, the year of the foundation of the university, to 1392 and still from June 23 up to his death. From 1389 to 1390 he was responsible for transferring the university register to Rome. Afterwards he took up again the study of theology. Deceased just months later, Marsilius of Inghen was buried in the Church of Peter (Heidelberger Peterskirche) at Heidelberg.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.:Overview.

paragraph: In logic, he was an Aristotelian nominalist; in natural philosophy, an empiricist. He applied a synthesis of the new 14th century physics of Buridan, Thomas Bradwardine and Oresme in his commentaries on Aristotle. Both his theological and philosophical works are characterized by a logico-semantical approach in which he followed Buridan, combined with an eclectic use of older theories, sometimes more Aristotelian and sometimes more Neoplatonist; this fact that renders narrow the label "Ockhamist" often applied to Marsilius.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.:Nominalism.

paragraph: Marsilius of Inghen is most well known for his work in nominalism. Though no one called themselves nominalists in the 14th century, he is considered one of the movement's "forefathers." In his nominalist philosophy he accepted the basic nominalist foundation, namely that universals are only existent within the mind, and outside the mind there are only individuals. He advocated that human knowledge can be derived from a foundation of sensory knowledge. However, to Marsilius, metaphysical knowledge was the greatest obtainable form of knowledge. This is due to its ability to grasp the most highly universal propositions.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.:The object of scientific knowledge.

paragraph: From his beliefs in nominalism in conjunction with his Aristotelian influences follows his reasoning on the object of scientific knowledge. Marsilius claims such an object must be singular and conform to Aristotle's requirement that such an object must be a necessary universal. Therefore, given Marsilius’ acceptance of the basic nominalist foundation—that is, universals are only in the mind—objects of science are predicates which exist in the mind and describe the individuals in the world outside of the mind.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.:Natural philosophy.

paragraph: As already mentioned, he accepted that knowledge is made evident via sensory knowledge, i.e. he was an empiricist. However, he also accepted a priori truths to be an acceptable source of scientific knowledge. Also noteworthy is Marsilius’ theory behind impetus. Following in the footsteps of Buridan, Marsilius rejected the Aristotelian theory and claimed that such forces are the transfer of some property from that which did the affecting into the affected object.

paragraph: In his "Questions on the Eight Books of the Physics", Marsilius cites ancient experiments with the clepsydra as proof that "nature abhors a vacuum."

paragraph: Section::::Theology.

paragraph: Marsilius began studies of theology at the University of Paris in 1366, though, the majority of his theological study took place during his time at the University of Heidelberg. His overall theological philosophy was influenced by Adam Wodeham, Gregory of Rimini, Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure. However, he does not wholly follow their thinking and holds original ideas in the subject.

paragraph: In considering the creation of the world by God Marsilius held that God did not create the world as eternal, and that such means of creation was not contrary to God's perfection. Concerning Marsilius’ other specific theological thought, he believed his natural philosophy lead to both some true knowledge of God, as well as an impediment towards complete true knowledge of God. Human's natural capacities, according to Marsilius, are sufficient to derive the truth of proposition asserting God's existence, God having a will, and God having knowledge. Natural capacities, although achieving that much, are unable to reach the truth of propositions asserting God's omnipotence, God's free will, and God's ability to create ex nihilo. Hence, Marsilius thought that using nothing but one's natural capacities in trying to find true knowledge of God will actually lead to the negation of God's omnipotence, free will, and ability to create ex nihilo. Not only this, but use of logic in general regarding theological study was something Marsilius didn't wholly accept. In order for one to reach such knowledge of God one must use Christian faith. This faith is the only means to reach the knowledge of God which natural capacities cannot obtain. In this sense, Marsilius advocated that natural human knowledge is such that it is limited in its capability to comprehend the divine, but still aides the search for such knowledge.

paragraph: Also crucial to his theological studies are his thoughts regarding a version of divine simplicity—of which he was highly influenced by Wodeham. Even though human knowledge seems to abstract various properties or parts of God, such extrapolations are merely existent in human conceptions of God. God truly has only one essence and is one singular unity according to Marsilius.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: Following Marsilius’ death, his works became rather well known. Marsilius was revered as one of the greatest nominalists of his time, alongside Ockham and Buridan. His extensive questions and commentaries on Aristotle (including commentaries on De Generatione et Corruptione, De Anima, Metaphysics, Physics, and Ethics) became textbooks for students throughout various universities. Moreover, his theology became widely read and influential in Spanish theology. He was influential on Central European philosophy of later centuries, both through his own philosophy and by the way he stimulated reform of university programmes. In the 16th century there were still references to a "Marsilian way" in logic and physics.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quaestiones super quattuor libros Sententiarum", vol. 1: Super primum, quaestiones 1-7, ed. G. Wieland, M. Santos Noya, M. J. F. M. Hoenen, M. Schulze, Studies in the History of Christian Thought 87, ed. M. Santos Noya, Leiden 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quaestiones super quattuor libros Sententiarum", vol. 2: Super primum, quaestiones 8-21, ed. G. Wieland, M. Santos Noya, M. J. F. M. Hoenen, M. Schulze, Studies in the History of Christian Thought 88, ed. M. Santos Noya, Leiden 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Treatises on the Properties of Terms". A First Critical Edition of the Suppositiones, Ampliationes, Appellationes, Restrictiones and Alienationes with Introduction, Translation, Notes, and Appendices, ed. E. P. Bos, Synthese Historical Library 22, Dordrecht 1983.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bos, E.P. "Marsilius of Inghen", "Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy", 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bos, E. P. “A note on an unknown manuscript bearing upon Marsilius of Inghen’s Philosophy of nature.” Vivarium: An International Journal for the Philosophy and Intellectual Life of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, vol. 17, pg. 61-68, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bos, E. P. “An Unedited Sophism by Marsilius of Inghen: ‘Homo est Bos.’” Vivarium: An International Journal for the Philosophy and Intellectual Life of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, vol. 15, pg. 46-56, 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bos, E. P. “Mental Verbs in Terminist Logic (John Buridan, Albert of Saxony, Marsilius of Inghen). Vivarium: An International Journal for the Philosophy and Intellectual Life of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, vol. 16, pg. 56-69, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoenen, Maarten. “Marsilius of Inghen.” Gracia, Jorge J E, A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages, (pp. 411–412), 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Longeway, J., "Marsilius of Inghen", "Cambridge Encyclopedia of Philosophy", 2nd edition, p. 537.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Overfield, J. H., "Humanism and Scholasticism in Late Medieval Germany", 1984, p. 8.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pasnau, Robert. The Cambridge History of Medieval Philosophy, pg. 661-663 and 923, 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sachs, Joe. "Aristotle's Physics: A Guided Study", New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005. p. 116.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wielgus, Stanislaw (ed.), "Marsilius von Inghen: Werk und Wirkung," Lublin 1993,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Braakhuis, H. A. G., and M. J. F. M. Hoenen (eds.), "Marsilius of Inghen", Artistarium Supplementa 7, Nijmegen 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoenen, M. J. F. M., Marsilius of Inghen. "Divine Knowledge in Late Medieval Thought", Studies in the History of Christian Thought 50, Leiden 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marshall P., "Parisian Psychology in the Mid-Fourteenth Century," "Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Age" 50 (1983), 101-193.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marsilius of Inghen in Heidelberg - pdf file

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography on the website of the University of Heidelberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other biographical pages of the University of Heidelberg

description: Dutch philosopher

wikidata_label: Marsilius of Inghen

wikipedia_title: Marsilius of Inghen


href: Slovenes Roman%20Catholic mountaineer Bodre%C5%BE%2C%20Kanal Gorizia Tarvisio Salzburg seminary Watzmann Triglav Munich

text:
Slovene
Roman Catholic
mountaineer
Bodrež
Gorizia
Tarvisio
Salzburg
seminary
Watzmann
Triglav
Munich

categories: Slovenian mountain climbers,Slovenian writers,1847 deaths,People from the Municipality of Kanal,1774 births,Slovenian Roman Catholic priests,Gorizia and Gradisca people

paragraph: Valentin Stanič

paragraph: Valentin Stanič was a Slovene Roman Catholic priest, mountaineer, poet, writer, translator, teacher, and cultural worker. He was born on 12 February 1774 in Bodrež and died 29 April 1847 in Gorizia.

paragraph: Section::::Notable life events.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1790 – began school in Tarvisio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1793 – arrived in Salzburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1798 – entered the seminary

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1800 – first to climb to the highest point of Watzmann (2713 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1802 – finished his studies, and was ordained

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1807 – founded a small printing office

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1808 – climbed Triglav and measured the height

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1822 – published the first Slovenian printed book in Gorizia: "Songs for farmers and young people"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1840 – founded the first Slovenian bookshop in Gorizia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1845 – joined the "Association against the torture of animals" in Munich

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1846 – the first in what was then Austria in Gorizia founded Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Zimmermann (Hrsg.): "Valentin Stanič – Bergsteiger, Schriftsteller, Wohltäter." Eigenverlag der Bayerisch-Slowenischen Gesellschaft, Regensburg 2000. Digitalisat (PDF, 4,9 MB)

description: Austrian teacher

wikidata_label: Valentin Stanič

wikipedia_title: Valentin Stanič


text:
American
filmmaker
film producer
director
columnist
speaker
Monster Camp
Terms and Conditions May Apply
non-fiction
horror
Terms and Conditions May Apply
The Guardian
MSNBC
CNN
NPR
Huffington Post
Stossel
The Young Turks
The War Room
corporation
government
surveillance
Ondi Timoner
We Live in Public
The Guardian
Edward Snowden
Monster Camp
escapism
role playing
Cinequest Film Festival
Seattle International Film Festival
Edward Snowden
documentary
Terms and Conditions May Apply
Slamdance Film Festival
Newport Beach Film Festival
Sonoma International Film Festival
Rotten Tomatoes
Academy Award
The Hollywood Reporter
Terms and Conditions May Apply
Mark Zuckerberg
Palo Alto
Google
privacy policy
Terms and Conditions May Apply
Reddit
Edward Snowden
Ben Wizner
Reddit
Terms and Conditions May Apply
Washington DC
Justin Amash
whistleblower
Thomas Drake
Russell Tice
Jesselyn Radack
Demand Progress
The Guardian
TED
Jacksonville
Flint Water Crisis
Elk River Chemical Spill
Terms and Conditions May Apply
Slamdance Film Festival
AFI Docs
Seattle International Film Festival
Terms and Conditions May Apply

categories: Whitman College alumni,Living people,American documentary filmmakers,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Cullen Hoback

paragraph: Cullen Hoback is an American filmmaker, film producer and director. He is also an occasional columnist and speaker. His three documentary films include "Monster Camp (2007)," "Terms and Conditions May Apply (2013) and What Lies Upstream (2018)". His documentary style has been described as non-fiction horror with a comedic tone. He appears on-camera as a central character in "Terms and Conditions May Apply" and "What Lies Upstream".

paragraph: Following the release of "Terms and Conditions May Apply", Hoback has written op-eds for many journals including "The Guardian", presented as faculty at The American Bar Association Anti-Trust Conference, and has appeared as a privacy expert on networks and shows including MSNBC, CNN, NPR, Huffington Post, "Stossel, The Young Turks and The War Room".

paragraph: Hoback has been overtly critical of the relationship between corporations and the government, and how they’ve been complicit in the surveillance system. On 25 December 2013, Cullen Hoback and Ondi Timoner released a lengthy conversation about how the surveillance situation has evolved since her film, "We Live in Public". In an interview with "The Guardian" earlier that month in December 2013, Hoback commented that whistleblower Edward Snowden should be granted immunity by the US government.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Hoback directed his first notable film, "Monster Camp", in 2007. The film considers various aspects of escapism involved in live-action role playing.

paragraph: The film premiered at the Cinequest Film Festival in 2007 and won the Audience Award for the best documentary. The film also screened at the Seattle International Film Festival and more than 50 other festivals, ultimately receiving a limited theatrical release.

paragraph: In January 2013, prior to the Edward Snowden revelations, Hoback released the documentary film "Terms and Conditions May Apply", which premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival before going onto various film festivals including Seattle International, Hot Docs and Festival Do Rio. He received a jury prize for best documentary feature at both the Newport Beach Film Festival and Sonoma International Film Festival. Following the theatrical release of the film it received a largely positive critical reception at 86% on Rotten Tomatoes. His film was included as an Academy Award possibility for Best Documentary by "The Hollywood Reporter’s" Feinberg Forecast during their award coverage.

paragraph: Hoback appears as the central character in "Terms and Conditions May Apply", and confronts Mark Zuckerberg near his home in Palo Alto. In the film, he also uncovers that Google had covered up their original privacy policy.

paragraph: After the release of the film, Hoback co-hosted a unique Q&A about "Terms and Conditions May Apply" on Reddit, with Edward Snowden’s legal counsel at the time, Ben Wizner, which reached Reddit's front page.

paragraph: Hoback also held a screening of "Terms and Conditions May Apply" in Washington DC under the State Capitol to a number of high-powered officials and policy-makers. The film screening was hosted by Congressman Justin Amash. Afterwards, Hoback moderated a discussion with whistleblowers Thomas Drake, Russell Tice, and whistleblower attorney Jesselyn Radack. In partnership with Demand Progress, 20,000 signatures were collected and delivered to lawmakers demanding they get educated on digital privacy.

paragraph: Hoback has written several op-eds for "The Guardian", one of which focused on how people need to reclaim control of their digital identities. In October 2014, Hoback was a featured speaker at the annual TED event in Jacksonville. His presentation demonstrated an evolved view on privacy after having spoken to hundreds of audiences on the topic, and was titled, "We Don't Have a Privacy Problem".

paragraph: In 2018, Hoback theatrically released "What Lies Upstream", a feature documentary focused on scientific regulatory agency corruption, examining the lack of meaningful oversight for the water we drink, cook with and bathe in. The film uncovers new information related to the Flint Water Crisis and the Elk River Chemical Spill, questioning whether these are outliers or signifiers of a nationwide scandal. In the film, Hoback discovers just how easy it's been for companies and the government to sidestep public health issues through the lax enforcement of environmental regulations, corporate secrecy regarding under-tested chemicals, and powerful lobbying that stymies lawmakers from holding companies accountable. Hoback's "What Lies Upstream" and "Terms and Conditions May Apply" both explore the alliance between corporate and government interests and its effect on unsuspecting citizens.

paragraph: "What Lies Upstream" was the opening night film at the 2017 Slamdance Film Festival, screened at AFI Docs, and received a Special Jury Prize for Investigative Filmmaking at The Seattle International Film Festival. The film was picked up by PBS' Independent Lens and has been met with a positive critical reception.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Future works.

paragraph: Hoback is currently in production on a follow-up to "Terms and Conditions May Apply".

description: American filmmaker

wikidata_label: Cullen Hoback

wikipedia_title: Cullen Hoback


text: film director

text: film producer

text: Bern

text: Switzerland

text: documentary films

text: interactive Multimedia

text: documentaries

text: Milky Way

text: Bangladesh

text: Bolivia

text: Burkina Faso

text: China

text: Tibet

text: Mali

text: Nepal

text: Switzerland

text: US

text: visual communication

text: Bern University of Applied Sciences

text: Bern

text: Switzerland

text: Tongji University

text: Shanghai

text: China

text: visiting professor

text: Media Lab

text: Bern University of Applied Sciences

text: Bern

text: Switzerland

text: Tongji University

text: Shanghai

text: Film Commission

text: Canton of Berne

text: Non-fiction

text: Zürich

text: CV Juerg Neuenschwander

text: Scent Culture Institute

text: HKB Juerg Neuenschwander

text: Swissfilms: Juerg Neuenschwander

text: Bernfilm: Juerg Neuenschwander

text: artfilm: Juerg Neuenschwander

categories: 1953 births,Swiss film producers,Swiss film directors

paragraph: Juerg Neuenschwander

paragraph: Juerg Neuenschwander (born 1953) is a Swiss independent documentary film director, film producer and founding member of Container TV AG for film and television in Bern, Switzerland. He is a media consultant and lecturer in film and audiovisual design; director of short and feature-length documentary films, of artistic projects and interactive Multimedia productions.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Documentary films

paragraph: Juerg Neuenschwander has made a name for himself with cinematic documentaries such as "früher oder später" (sooner or later), "Kräuter und Kräfte" (The Power of Healing), and "Q – Begegnungen auf der Milchstrasse" (Encounters on the Milky Way).

paragraph: He developed and directed a community TV project in Bern's "Tscharnergut neighbourhood". He worked on location in Bangladesh, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, China (Tibet), Mali, Nepal, Switzerland and the US.

paragraph: Lectureships, professorships

paragraph: Juerg Neuenschwander is an expert and consultant in visual communication, he teaches film studies at Bern University of the Art, a Department of Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland, (1999 – 2016), and at the College of Design & Innovation D&I, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (visiting professor, 2009 – 2015).

paragraph: 1999 – 2008 Founder and director of the Media Lab at Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.

paragraph: 2016 Juerg Neuenschwander has got a call under the Recruitment Program of Global Experts” (上海千人计划) for three years as an Overseas High-Level Talent National Chair Professor at the College of Arts & Media 艺术于传媒学院 at Tongji University, Shanghai.

paragraph: Memberships

paragraph: 1987 - 1995, member of the Film Commission of the Canton of Berne

paragraph: 2005 - 2008, member of Expert Committee for Non-fiction of Zürich Film Foundation (Zürcher Filmstiftung).

paragraph: Section::::Select filmography.

paragraph: Feature-length documentaries

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughters of a Rebel (in preparation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simply different/ Gleich und anders (2011-2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Chinese Recipe: bold and smart (2012-2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sooner or later (früher oder später, 2000-2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encounters on the Milky Way (Q – Begegnungen auf der Milchstrasse, 1998-2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kräuter und Kräfte (The Power of Healing, 1994-1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shigatse – eine Spritze kommt selten allein (An injection never comes alone, 1989-1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- My Mother is in Sri Lanka (1986, co-directed with Remo Legnazzi)

paragraph: Television productions, short documentaries

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Magic of the Chinese Opera (in development)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seitenblick (Side Glance, experimental, in development)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fear has a Thousand Eyes (Die Angst hat 1000 Augen, 2011, producer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boggsing (Boggsen, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bao, the Upright Judge (Der rechtschaffene Richter BAO, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Swiss Parliament Building (Kuppel über Bern, 2006–09)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Living with Orangutans (Unter Orang-Utans, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wound Ballistic (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The World in-between (Zwischenwelt, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rasheda Trust (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amadou’s Friends (Les Amis d’Amadou, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imprisonment (Freiheitsentzug, 1996-1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hey you! (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Promise (Das Versprechen, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Magic of Simulation (Simulationszauber, 1995–96)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rasheda – no time for a chat (Rasheda – keine Zeit für einen Schwatz, 1993-1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Confrontation HIV/Aids (Konfrontation HIV/Aids), six episodes (1991-1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seeing means living (Sehen ist alles, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- On the mountain (Auf dem Berg, 1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fri-Art NY- Made in Switzerland, video installation, with Peter Guyer (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- So Berne – Youth on the Street (So Bern – Jugend auf der Strasse, 1980), with Alex Sutter et al.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video5 (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Space to live – Occupation of Houses (Raum zum Leben – Häuserbesetzung, 1975, a fragment)

paragraph: Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encounters on the Milky Way (Q – Begegnungen auf der Milchstrasse), Berner Filmpreis for Documentary Film (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sooner or later (früher oder später) was nominated for the Documentary Award Pare Lorentz 2003, Los Angeles

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CV Juerg Neuenschwander

paragraph: BULLET::::- Container TV, AG für Film- und Fernsehproduktion, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strategic partnership with Tongji University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scent Culture Institute

paragraph: BULLET::::- HKB Juerg Neuenschwander

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swissfilms: Juerg Neuenschwander

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernfilm: Juerg Neuenschwander

paragraph: BULLET::::- artfilm: Juerg Neuenschwander

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cultural and Educational Dialogue by Videoconferencing

description: Swiss film director and film producer

wikidata_label: Juerg Neuenschwander

wikipedia_title: Juerg Neuenschwander


text:
Moray
France
bachelorate
civil law
University of Paris
canon law
prebend
Duffus
Alexander Bur
Bishop of Moray
diocese
Archdeacon of Caithness
Ross
Pope Benedict XIII
Italy
France
Elgin
Elgin Cathedral
Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar
Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan
Dowden, John
accessed 24 Feb 2007
Watt, D.E.R.

categories: 1414 deaths,1370 births,University of Paris alumni,Bishops of Moray

paragraph: John de Innes

paragraph: John de Innes (c. 1370 – 1414) was medieval Scottish churchman. Born probably in Moray, he went to France in his youth, receiving a bachelorate in civil law from the University of Paris by 1396 and in canon law by 1407. His education was partly paid for by the prebend of Duffus and a grant from Alexander Bur, Bishop of Moray, taken by Bur from the judicial profits of his diocese. During Innes' study period, he was also pursuing an ecclesiastical career, being Archdeacon of Caithness from 1396 until 1398, and Dean of Ross, from some point between 1396 and 1398 until 1407.

paragraph: He gave up the latter position in that year, having been elected as Bishop of Moray sometime in late 1406, and receiving consecration from Pope Benedict XIII in either Italy or southern France in the following January. Innes was bishop for over seven years, and died at Elgin on 2 August 1414. Innes has been traditionally credited with supervising much of the rebuilding to Elgin Cathedral. The historian David Ditchburn believes Innes was an ally, and possibly even a client, of Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar, and perhaps his father Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, the latter of whom was the warlord responsible for burning down Elgin Cathedral during the episcopate of Alexander Bur.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dowden, John, "The Bishops of Scotland", ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ditchburn, David, "Innes, John (c. 1370–1414)", in the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 24 Feb 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, D.E.R., "Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638", 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)

description: Bishop of Moray

wikidata_label: John de Innes

wikipedia_title: John de Innes


text:
Moscow
Tel Aviv
composer
British Palestine
Israel Defense Forces
Chaim Hefer
Matti Caspi
Israel Prize
List of Israel Prize recipients

categories: 1995 deaths,Israeli composers,Israel Prize in Hebrew song recipients,Soviet emigrants to Mandatory Palestine,Composers in the Palestine mandate,Musicians from Moscow,1914 births

paragraph: Sasha Argov

paragraph: Alexander "Sasha" Argov (, born Alexander Abramovich; Moscow, November 5, 1914 – Tel Aviv, September 27, 1995) was a prominent Israeli composer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Argov was born in Moscow. He migrated to British Palestine from Russia in 1934 with his parents.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: He started composing at the age of five, began his formal music training one year later, and composed hundreds of popular songs. Among them were songs for the Israel Defense Forces, film, and theater. He collaborated with Chaim Hefer and Matti Caspi, two of whose albums feature melodies written exclusively by Argov. In 1988, he was awarded the Israel Prize in Hebrew song.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Israel Prize recipients

description: Israeli composer

wikidata_label: Sasha Argov

wikipedia_title: Sasha Argov


text: football

text: defender

text: Torino FC

text: Superga air disaster

text: Grande Torino

text: Marostica

text: province of Vicenza

text: Pietro Maroso

text: Serie A

text: A.S. Varese

text: defender

text: Alessandria

text: Juventus

text: Turin Derby

text: scudetti

text: Italian national team

text: Switzerland

text: full-back

text: winger

text: Superga air disaster

text: Turin

text: Serie A

text: Statistics at FIGC website

categories: People from the Province of Vicenza,Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Italy,Serie A players,Italian footballers,Torino F.C. players,1949 deaths,U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912 players,Italy international footballers,1925 births,Association football fullbacks

paragraph: Virgilio Maroso

paragraph: Virgilio Maroso (; 26 June 1925 – 4 May 1949) was an Italian football player, who played as a defender for Torino FC and died in the Superga air disaster together with nearly the whole Grande Torino team.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Maroso was born in Marostica, in the province of Vicenza. He was the brother of Pietro Maroso (1934–2012), also a Serie A player and honorary president of A.S. Varese.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Maroso played as a defender. After a period on loan at Alessandria (1944), he made his club debut with Torino on 14 October 1945, in a 2–1 defeat to rivals Juventus in the Turin Derby. In total, he played 103 times for Torino in league matches, scoring once, and won four consecutive Serie A ("scudetti") titles between 1945 and 1949.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: At international level, he was capped seven times for the Italian national team between 1945 and 1949, scoring one goal. His debut came on 11 November 1945, in a 4–4 draw against Switzerland.

paragraph: Section::::Style of play.

paragraph: A promising and highly talented player, Maroso was a precocious full-back, who is considered to be one of the best Italian players ever in his position, and is even rated by some pundits in the sport to be Italy's greatest left-back ever. A fast, powerful, elegant, and technically gifted offensive-minded left-back, who was known for his flair and touch on the ball, Maroso was one of the first ever attacking full-backs in football, and was even capable of playing as a winger due to his ability to get up the flank; although he stood out for his attacking prowess, he was also strong defensively, courtesy of his foot-work and anticipation, and was capable of playing with either foot. In addition to his playing ability, he also stood out for his correct behaviour and fair-play on the pitch, and rarely gave away fouls; despite his skill, however, he was also injury-prone.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Maroso died with most of the Grande Torino team in the Superga air disaster near Turin, on 4 May 1949.

paragraph: The football stadium in his home-town of Marostica is dedicated to him.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torino

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serie A: 1945–46, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statistics at Enciclopedia del Calcio website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statistics at FIGC website

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BR

description: Italian footballer

wikidata_label: Virgilio Maroso

wikipedia_title: Virgilio Maroso


text:
Mexican
civil engineer
Ixhuatlán de Madero
Veracruz
National Autonomous University
National Polytechnic Institute
tridilosa
Lecumberri Penitentiary
left-wing
dictatorial
Soviet-bloc
social democracy
Moscow
political parties
Mexican Workers' Party
Mexican Socialist Party
Party of the Democratic Revolution
Zapatista rebellion
Chiapas
presidential race in 1988
Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas
Mexico City
Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor
The Heberto Castillo Foundation

categories: Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians,Mexican inventors,Recipients of the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor,Mexican Workers' Party politicians,Instituto Politécnico Nacional faculty,1928 births,Mexican democracy activists,Members of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico),National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni,1997 deaths,People from Veracruz,Socialist Mexican Party politicians,Mexican civil engineers

paragraph: Heberto Castillo

paragraph: Heberto Castillo Martínez (August 23, 1928 – April 5, 1997) was a Mexican civil engineer and political activist.

paragraph: Castillo was born in Ixhuatlán de Madero, Veracruz, and received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the National Autonomous University. An accomplished engineer, he taught several courses at the UNAM and at the National Polytechnic Institute, wrote several textbooks and invented the tridilosa.

paragraph: He became a political activist and got involved in several workers' rights struggles, leading to imprisonment by the federal government in the infamous Lecumberri Penitentiary. Castillo was one of the first among leading left-wing politicians to express dismay at the dictatorial nature of Soviet-bloc governments, starting a movement towards a social democracy-based left wing and away from a Moscow-based left leaning opposition in Mexico.

paragraph: During his lifetime he co-founded three political parties: the Mexican Workers' Party "(Partido Mexicano de los Trabajadores, PMT)", the Mexican Socialist Party "(Partido Mexicano Socialista, PMS)" and the Party of the Democratic Revolution "(Partido de la Revolución Democrática, PRD)". In his last years in politics he became a staunch critic of the Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas and, crucially, voluntarily withdrew from the presidential race in 1988 to support the unified candidacy of Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas.

paragraph: He died on April 5, 1997 in Mexico City and received the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor ("postmortem") that same year.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Heberto Castillo Foundation

description: Mexican politician

wikidata_label: Heberto Castillo

wikipedia_title: Heberto Castillo