text: playwright

text: screenwriter

text: established

text: Look Back in Anger

text: London

text: copywriter

text: South Welsh

text: Cockney

text: Stoneleigh

text: Ewell

text: Belmont College

text: Devon

text: Frank Sinatra

text: School Certificate

text: trade journalism

text: stage manager

text: Anthony Creighton

text: Stella Linden

text: Huddersfield

text: Personal Enemy

text: Epitaph for George Dillon

text: Royal Court

text: Look Back in Anger

text: Morecambe

text: Look Back in Anger

text: Derby

text: cuckold

text: English Stage Company

text: Royal Court Theatre

text: artistic director

text: George Devine

text: River Thames

text: nettles

text: repertory

text: Tony Richardson

text: Kenneth Haigh

text: Mary Ure

text: Alan Bates

text: angry young man

text: Milton Shulman

text: Evening Standard

text: Kenneth Tynan

text: The Observer

text: critic

text: Harold Hobson

text: The Sunday Times

text: West End

text: Broadway

text: Moscow

text: Richard Burton

text: "Evening Standard" Drama Award

text: Laurence Olivier

text: The Prince and the Showgirl

text: Marilyn Monroe

text: Arthur Miller

text: John Heilpern

text: George Devine

text: film version

text: music hall

text: rock and roll

text: British Empire

text: United States

text: Suez Crisis

text: The World of Paul Slickey

text: Luther

text: Martin Luther

text: Tony Award

text: Inadmissible Evidence

text: Oscar

text: Tom Jones

text: A Patriot for Me

text: Redl

text: homosexuality

text: end

text: Saved

text: Edward Bond

text: censorship

text: Lord Chamberlain

text: "Evening Standard" Best Play of the Year awards

text: Tony Richardson

text: Paul Scofield

text: Ralph Richardson

text: Royal Court

text: National Theatre

text: Frank Finlay

text: Get Carter

text: Tomorrow Never Comes

text: Flash Gordon

text: Shropshire

text: The Spectator

text: Book of Common Prayer

text: Church of England

text: autobiography

text: A Better Class of Person

text: Thames Television

text: Eileen Atkins

text: Alan Howard

text: Neil McPherson

text: Prix Italia

text: David Hare

text: Déjàvu

text: Max Miller

text: Edward Albee

text: Mike Leigh

text: Hamlet

text: Hayling Island

text: Lifetime Achievement Award

text: Writer's Guild of Great Britain

text: Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

text: libertarian

text: Valbonne

text: France

text: Tony Richardson

text: George Devine

text: Bridgwater

text: Look Back in Anger

text: Wells

text: Cromwell Road

text: London

text: Kidderminster

text: Shaw

text: You Never Can Tell

text: Look Back in Anger

text: York

text: Mary Ure

text: Look Back in Anger

text: Chelsea

text: Robert Webber

text: Robert Shaw

text: Jill Bennett

text: Penelope Gilliatt

text: Folkestone

text: The Observer

text: alcoholism

text: Jill Bennett

text: Jill Bennett

text: Helen Dawson

text: The Observer

text: vegetarian

text: diabetic

text: Clunton

text: Craven Arms

text: Shropshire

text: Clun

text: Harry Ransom Center

text: University of Texas in Austin

text: Doollee.com

text: John Osborne Papers

text: Harry Ransom Center

text: John Osborne and Helen Dawson Osborne Collection

text: Harry Ransom Center

text: Select Papers of the English Stage Company

text: University of Leeds

text: 'A Poor Jonah': John Osborne's Roads to Freedom

text: British Library

categories: English male dramatists and playwrights,Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award winners,English Anglicans,BAFTA winners (people),People from Epsom and Ewell (district),Vegetarians,1929 births,Male screenwriters,20th-century British male writers,1994 deaths,English dramatists and playwrights,20th-century British dramatists and playwrights,Deaths from diabetes,People from Fulham

paragraph: John Osborne

paragraph: John James Osborne (Fulham, London, 12 December 1929 – 24 December 1994) was an English playwright, screenwriter and actor, known for his excoriating prose and intense critical stance towards established social and political norms. The success of his 1956 play "Look Back in Anger" transformed English theatre.

paragraph: In a productive life of more than 40 years, Osborne explored many themes and genres, writing for stage, film and TV. His personal life was extravagant and iconoclastic. He was notorious for the ornate violence of his language, not only on behalf of the political causes he supported but also against his own family, including his wives and children.

paragraph: Osborne was one of the first writers to address Britain's purpose in the post-imperial age. During his peak (1956–1966), he helped make contempt an acceptable and now even cliched onstage emotion, argued for the cleansing wisdom of bad behaviour and bad taste, and combined unsparing truthfulness with devastating wit.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Osborne was born on 12 December 1929 in London, the son of Thomas Godfrey Osborne, a commercial artist and advertising copywriter of South Welsh extraction, and Nellie Beatrice, a Cockney barmaid.

paragraph: In 1935 the family moved to the north Surrey suburb of Stoneleigh, near Ewell, in search of a better life, though Osborne would regard it as a cultural desert – a schoolfriend declared subsequently that "he thought [we] were a lot of dull, uninteresting people, and probably a lot of us were. He was right." He adored his father and hated his mother, who he later wrote taught him "The fatality of hatred … She is my disease, an invitation to my sick room," and described her as "hypocritical, self-absorbed, calculating and indifferent."

paragraph: Thomas Osborne died in 1941, leaving the young boy an insurance settlement which he used to finance a private education at Belmont College, a minor public school in Devon. He entered the school in 1943, but was expelled in the summer term of 1945, after whacking the headmaster, who had struck him for listening to a forbidden broadcast by Frank Sinatra. A School Certificate was the only formal qualification he acquired, but he possessed a native intelligence.

paragraph: After school, Osborne went home to his mother in London and briefly tried trade journalism. A job tutoring a touring company of junior actors introduced him to the theatre. He soon became involved as a stage manager and acting, joining Anthony Creighton's provincial touring company. Osborne tried his hand at writing plays, co-writing his first, "The Devil Inside Him", with his mentor Stella Linden, who then directed it at the Theatre Royal in Huddersfield in 1950. In June 1951 he also married Pamela Lane. His second play "Personal Enemy" was written with Anthony Creighton (with whom he later wrote "Epitaph for George Dillon" staged at the Royal Court in 1958). "Personal Enemy" was staged in regional theatres before he submitted "Look Back in Anger".

paragraph: Section::::"Look Back in Anger".

paragraph: Written in 17 days in a deck chair on Morecambe pier where Osborne was performing in a creaky rep show called "Seagulls over Sorrento", "Look Back in Anger" was largely autobiographical, based on his time living, and arguing, with Pamela Lane in cramped accommodation in Derby while she cuckolded him with a local dentist. It was submitted to agents all over London and returned with great rapidity. In his autobiography, Osborne writes: "The speed with which it had been returned was not surprising, but its aggressive dispatch did give me a kind of relief. It was like being grasped at the upper arm by a testy policeman and told to move on". Finally it was sent to the newly formed English Stage Company at London's Royal Court Theatre.

paragraph: Formed by actor-manager and artistic director George Devine, the company had seen its first three productions flop and urgently needed a success if it was to survive. Devine was prepared to gamble on this play because he saw in it a ferocious and scowling articulation of a new post-war spirit. Osborne was living on a leaky houseboat on the River Thames at the time with Creighton, stewing up nettles from the riverbank to eat. So keen was Devine to contact Osborne that he rowed out to the boat to tell him he would like to make the play the fourth production to enter repertory. The play was directed by Tony Richardson and starred Kenneth Haigh, Mary Ure and Alan Bates. It was George Fearon, a part-time press officer at the theatre, who invented the phrase "angry young man". Fearon told Osborne that he disliked the play and feared it would be impossible to market.

paragraph: In 1993, a year before his death, Osborne wrote that the opening night was "an occasion I only partly remember, but certainly with more accuracy than those who subsequently claimed to have been present and, if they are to be believed, would have filled the theatre several times over". Reviews were mixed. Most of the critics who attended the first night felt it was a failure, and it looked as if the English Stage Company was going to go into liquidation. Milton Shulman in the "Evening Standard", for example, called the play "a failure" and "a self-pitying snivel". But the following Sunday, Kenneth Tynan of "The Observer" – the most influential critic of the day – praised it to the skies: 'I could not love anyone who did not wish to see "Look Back in Anger",' he wrote, "It is the best young play of its decade". Harold Hobson of "The Sunday Times" called Osborne "a writer of outstanding promise". During production, the married Osborne began a relationship with Mary Ure, and would divorce his wife, Pamela Lane, to marry Ure in 1957.

paragraph: The play became an enormous commercial success, transferring to the West End and to Broadway, touring to Moscow and a film version was released in May 1959 with Richard Burton and Mary Ure in the leading roles. The play turned Osborne from a struggling playwright into a wealthy and famous angry young man and won him the "Evening Standard" Drama Award as the most promising playwright of 1956.

paragraph: Section::::"The Entertainer" and into the 1960s.

paragraph: When he first saw "Look Back in Anger", Laurence Olivier was dismissive, viewing the play as unpatriotic and bad theatre, "a travesty on England". At the time, Olivier was making a film of Rattigan's "The Prince and the Showgirl" co-starring Marilyn Monroe, and she was accompanied to London by her then-husband Arthur Miller. Olivier asked the American dramatist what plays he might want to see in London. Based on its title, Miller suggested Osborne's work; Olivier tried to dissuade him, but the playwright was insistent and the two of them saw it together.

paragraph: Miller found the play revelatory, and they went backstage to meet Osborne. Olivier was impressed by the American's reaction, and asked Osborne for a part in his next play. John Heilpern suggests the great actor's about-face was due to a midlife crisis, Olivier seeking a new challenge after decades of success in Shakespeare and other classics, and fearful of losing his pre-eminence to this new kind of theatre. George Devine, artistic director of the Royal Court, sent Olivier the incomplete script of "The Entertainer" (1957, film version released in 1960) and Olivier initially wanted to play Billy Rice, the lead character's decent elderly father. On seeing the finished script, he changed his mind and took the central role as failing music-hall performer Archie Rice, playing to great acclaim both at the Royal Court and then in the West End.

paragraph: "The Entertainer" uses the metaphor of the dying music hall tradition and its eclipse by early rock and roll to comment on the moribund state of the British Empire and its eclipse by the power of the United States, something flagrantly revealed during the Suez Crisis of November 1956 that elliptically forms the backdrop to the play. An experimental piece, "The Entertainer" was interspersed with music hall performances. Most critics praised the development of an exciting writing talent:

paragraph: The words are Billy Rice's, though as with much of Osborne's work they could be said to represent his own sentiments, as with this quote from "Look Back in Anger":

paragraph: Osborne followed "The Entertainer" with "The World of Paul Slickey" (1959) a musical that satirizes the tabloid press, the unusual television documentary play "A Subject of Scandal and Concern" (1960), and the double bill "Plays for England", comprising "The Blood of the Bambergs" and "Under Plain Covers" (1962).

paragraph: "Luther", depicting the life of Martin Luther, the archetypal rebel of an earlier century, was first performed in 1961; it transferred to Broadway and won Osborne a Tony Award. "Inadmissible Evidence" was first performed in 1964. In between these plays, Osborne won an Oscar for his 1963 screenplay adaptation of "Tom Jones". "A Patriot for Me" (1965) drawing on the Austrian Redl case, is a tale of turn-of-the-century homosexuality and espionage which helped to end (along with "Saved" by Edward Bond) the system of theatrical censorship under the Lord Chamberlain.

paragraph: Both "A Patriot For Me" and "The Hotel in Amsterdam" (1968) won "Evening Standard" Best Play of the Year awards. The latter play features three showbiz couples in a hotel suite, having fled a tyrannical and unpleasant movie producer, referred to as "K.L". John Heilpern confirms the rumor that "K.L" was in fact a portrait of Tony Richardson, seen through Osborne's eyes. Laurie, a screenwriter, a role created by Paul Scofield, is a self-portrait: Osborne at mid-career.

paragraph: Section::::1970s and later life.

paragraph: John Osborne's plays in the 1970s included "West of Suez" which starred Ralph Richardson, "A Sense of Detachment", first produced at the Royal Court in 1972, and the disappointing "Watch It Come Down", first produced at the National Theatre, starring Frank Finlay.

paragraph: In this period, Osborne made his best-remembered acting appearance, lending gangster Cyril Kinnear a sense of civil menace in "Get Carter" (1971). Later, he appeared in "Tomorrow Never Comes" (1978), as an actor, and "Flash Gordon" (1980).

paragraph: Throughout the 1980s, Osborne played the role of Shropshire squire with great pleasure and a heavy dose of irony. He wrote a diary for "The Spectator". He opened his garden to raise money for the church roof, from which he threatened to withdraw covenant-funding unless the vicar restored the Book of Common Prayer (he had returned to the Church of England in about 1974).

paragraph: In his latter years, Osborne published two remarkably frank volumes of autobiography, "A Better Class of Person" (Osborne, 1981) and "Almost a Gentleman" (Osborne, 1991). "A Better Class of Person" (1985) was filmed by Thames Television featuring Eileen Atkins and Alan Howard as his parents and Gary Capelin and Neil McPherson as Osborne. It was nominated for the Prix Italia. At his memorial service in 1995, a playwright of the next generation, David Hare, said:

paragraph: His last play was "Déjàvu" (1991), a sequel to "Look Back in Anger". Various newspaper and magazine writings appeared in a collection entitled "Damn You, England" (1994), while the two volumes of autobiography were reissued as "Looking Back – Never Explain, Never Apologise" (1999).

paragraph: Section::::Critical responses, idols and effect.

paragraph: Osborne was a great fan of Max Miller and saw parallels between them. 'I love him (Max Miller), because he embodied a kind of theatre I admire most. 'Mary from the Dairy' was an overture to the danger that (Max) might go too far. Whenever anyone tells me that a scene or a line in a play of mine goes too far in some way then I know my instinct has been functioning as it should. When such people tell you that a particular passage makes the audience uneasy or restless, then they seem (to me) as cautious and absurd as landladies and girls-who-won't.'

paragraph: Osborne's work transformed British theatre. He helped to make it artistically respected again, throwing off the formal constraints of the former generation, and turning our attention once more to language, theatrical rhetoric, and emotional intensity. He saw theatre as a weapon with which ordinary people could break down the class barriers and that he had a 'beholden duty to kick against the pricks'. He wanted his plays to be a reminder of real pleasures and real pains. David Hare said in his memorial address:

paragraph: Osborne did change the world of theatre, influencing playwrights such as Edward Albee and Mike Leigh. However, work of his kind of authenticity and originality would remain the exception rather than the rule. This did not surprise Osborne; nobody understood the tackiness of the theatre better than the man who had played Hamlet on Hayling Island. He was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Writer's Guild of Great Britain.

paragraph: Osborne joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in 1959. Later he drifted to the libertarian, unorganized right, considering himself "a radical who hates change".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Relationships.

paragraph: Osborne had many affairs over the course of his life and frequently mistreated his wives and lovers. He was married five times, with all except his final marriage being unhappy unions.

paragraph: His wives and lovers were not always kept apart, either. In his 2006 biography, John Heilpern describes at length a holiday in Valbonne, France, in 1961, that Osborne shared with Tony Richardson, a distraught George Devine, and others. Feigning bafflement over the romantic entanglements of the time, Heilpern writes:

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Relationships.:Pamela Lane (1951–57).

paragraph: In Volume 1 of his autobiography "A Better Class of Person", Osborne describes feeling an immediate and intense attraction towards his first wife. The pair were both members of an acting troupe in Bridgwater.

paragraph: Though Alison Porter in "Look Back in Anger" was based on Pamela, Osborne describes Lane's respectable middle-class parents- her father a successful draper, her mother of a family of minor rural gentry- as "much coarser" and how at one point they hired a private detective to follow him after a fellow actor was seen 'fumbling' with his knee in a teashop. Though he admits that it was true at least that the actor in question did have a homosexual crush on him.

paragraph: Lane and Osborne married in secret in nearby Wells and then left Bridgwater the following Sunday amidst an uneasy truce with Lane's parents (Osborne's hated mother was not aware of the union until the couple were divorcing), spending their first night as a married couple together in the Cromwell Road in London.

paragraph: The two lived a fairly itinerant and reasonably happy married existence at first, living at a number of digs around London and finding work in London at first, then touring, staying in Kidderminster in Osborne's case. While Lane's acting career flourished in Derby, Osborne's floundered, and she began an affair with a rich dentist. It was an ironic situation as Osborne had been playing a dentist in the company's production of Shaw's "You Never Can Tell" and that it was Osborne who had inadvertently introduced them by succumbing to a toothache he attributed to marital woes.

paragraph: This was in the summer of 1955 and Osborne spent much of the next two years before their divorce hoping they would reconcile. In 1956, after "Look Back in Anger" had opened, Osborne met her at the railway station in York, at which meeting she told Osborne of her recent abortion and enquired after his relationship with Mary Ure, of which she was aware. In April 1957, Osborne was granted a divorce from Lane, on the grounds of his adultery. It later emerged that in the 1980s, Lane and Osborne corresponded frequently and met in secret before he became angered by her request for a loan.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Relationships.:Mary Ure (1957–63).

paragraph: Osborne began a relationship with Ure shortly after meeting her when she was cast as Alison in "Look Back in Anger" in 1956. The affair swiftly progressed; and the two moved in together in Woodfall Road, Chelsea. He wrote later:

paragraph: Contentment, in Osborne's case, grew into a jealousy and slight contempt for Ure's stable family background and the banalities of her communication with them and a somewhat withering regard for her acting abilities.

paragraph: There was infidelity on both sides; and, after an affair with Robert Webber, Ure eventually left Osborne for Robert Shaw.

paragraph: Osborne described visiting her after she had left him and having sex with her while she was pregnant with the first of four children she would bear to Shaw. Of their divorce, Osborne wrote of being surprised that she repeatedly refused to return to him treasured postcards drawn for him by his father but is circumspect at her suicide in 1975.

paragraph: This is in marked contrast to his later revelling in the suicide of fourth wife Jill Bennett.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Relationships.:Penelope Gilliatt (1963–68).

paragraph: Osborne met his third wife, writer Penelope Gilliatt, initially through social connections, and she then interviewed him.

paragraph: From Osborne's autobiography "Almost a Gentleman":

paragraph: One main attraction Penelope held for Osborne was her red hair: "I took red hair to be the mantle of goddesses". Despite her being married and Osborne knowing her husband, Gilliatt set out to seduce Osborne and succeeded in doing so. "Penelope's behaviour and my own during the weeks that followed were probably grotesquely indefensible", he wrote.

paragraph: Osborne details some of the brazen subterfuges he created in order to commit adultery with Gilliatt before they were married, which included inventing a film festival in Folkestone so they could go away together. Osborne proposed marriage by asking Gilliatt: "Will you marry me? It's risky, but you'd get fucked regularly."

paragraph: Osborne and Gilliatt were married for five years (together for seven), and became the parents of his only natural daughter, Nolan. Osborne had an abusive relationship with his daughter: he cast her out of his house when she was 17; they never spoke again. Osborne and Gilliatt's marriage suffered through what Osborne perceived to be an unnecessary obsession on her part with her work, writing film reviews for "The Observer". "I tried to point out that it seemed an inordinate amount of time and effort to expend on a thousand-word review to be read by a few thousand film addicts and forgotten almost at once."

paragraph: He also observed in her a growing pretentiousness. "She was to become increasingly obsessed with fripperies and titles … She took to calling herself 'Professor Gilliatt'." Strains in the marriage, exacerbated by Gilliatt's alcoholism and what Osborne felt was malignant behaviour, led to Osborne conducting an affair with Jill Bennett, soon followed by their marriage.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Relationships.:Jill Bennett (1968–77).

paragraph: Osborne had a turbulent nine-year marriage to the actress Jill Bennett, whom he came to loathe. Their marriage degenerated into mutual abuse and insult with Bennett goading Osborne, calling him "impotent" and "homosexual" in public as early as 1971. This was cruelty which Osborne reciprocated, turning his feelings of bitterness and resentment about his waning career onto his wife. Bennett's suicide in 1990 is generally believed to have been a result of Osborne's rejection of her. He said of Bennett, "She was the most evil woman I have come across", and showed open contempt for her suicide.

paragraph: He concluded by stating that his only regret is that he chose not to 'flob' (i.e., 'spit') in her open coffin.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Relationships.:Helen Dawson (1978–94).

paragraph: Helen Dawson (1939–2004) was a former arts journalist and critic for "The Observer". This final marriage of Osborne's, which lasted until his death, seems to have been Osborne's first happy union. Until her death in 2004, Dawson worked tirelessly to preserve and promote Osborne's legacy.

paragraph: Osborne died deeply in debt; his final word to Dawson was: "Sorry". After her death in 2004, Dawson was buried next to Osborne.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Vegetarianism.

paragraph: Around the time of "Look Back in Anger", Osborne was a vegetarian, something which was considered unusual at the time. In "Almost a Gentleman" he gives some insight into this lifestyle choice:

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: After a serious liver crisis in 1987, Osborne became diabetic, injecting insulin twice a day. He died in 1994 from complications from his diabetes at the age of 65 at his home in Clunton, near Craven Arms, Shropshire.

paragraph: He is buried in St George's churchyard, Clun, Shropshire. His last wife, Helen Dawson, who died in 2004, is buried next to him.

paragraph: Section::::Archive.

paragraph: Osborne began placing his papers at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas in Austin in the 1960s, with additions made throughout his life and by relatives in the years after his death. The primary archive is over 50 boxes and includes typescripts and manuscripts for all of his works, correspondence, newspaper and magazine articles, scrapbooks, posters, programs, and business documents.

paragraph: In 2008, the Ransom Center purchased an additional archive of over 30 boxes that had been held by Helen Dawson Osborne. While largely focusing on the latter years of Osborne's life, the collection also includes a series of notebooks that he had kept separately from his original archive.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doollee.com

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Osborne Papers at the Harry Ransom Center

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Osborne and Helen Dawson Osborne Collection at the Harry Ransom Center

paragraph: BULLET::::- Select Papers of the English Stage Company at the University of Leeds

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'A Poor Jonah': John Osborne's Roads to Freedom describing the discovery of John Osborne's pre-"Look Back in Anger" plays at the British Library

description: English playwright

enwikiquote_title: John Osborne

wikidata_label: John Osborne

wikipedia_title: John Osborne


text:
rapper
record producer
Kaliber 44
Paktofonika
Księga Tajemnicza. Prolog
W 63 minuty dookoła świata
Kinematografia

categories: Polish record producers,1978 births,Male suicides,Suicides in Poland,People from Jelenia Góra,Polish rappers,Musicians who committed suicide,2000 deaths

paragraph: Magik (rapper)

paragraph: Piotr Łuszcz (18 March 1978 – 26 December 2000), also known as Magik (pol. "Magician"), was a Polish rapper and record producer. From 1994 to 1998 he was a member of the Polish hip hop group Kaliber 44. After he left Kaliber 44 he formed the group Paktofonika with Sebastian Salbert, whose stage name was "Rahim", and Wojciech Alszer, whose stage name was "Fokus".

paragraph: Łuszcz committed suicide on 26 December 2000 at around 6.15 a.m. by jumping from the window of his ninth-floor apartment. He was pronounced dead in a local hospital at around 6.45 a.m., leaving behind his wife Justyna and his 3-year-old son Filip.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kaliber 44

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Usłysz Nasze Demo!" (1994) (Demo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Księga Tajemnicza. Prolog" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "W 63 minuty dookoła świata" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paktofonika

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kinematografia" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Archiwum Kinematografii" (2002)

description: Polish rapper

wikidata_label: Magik

wikipedia_title: Magik (rapper)


text:
Xinjiang
Songyun
Wang Tingkai
Qi Yunshi
Dunhuang

categories: Qing dynasty historians,Chinese travel writers,Qing dynasty writers,1848 deaths,1781 births,Chinese exiles,Writers from Shaoxing,19th-century Chinese people,19th-century Chinese historians

paragraph: Xu Song (Qing dynasty)

paragraph: Xu Song 徐松 (1781–1848) was a Chinese official exiled to Central Asia during the period of the military governorship of Xinjiang of Songyun (1802 to 1809). He was prominent with Wang Tingkai and Qi Yunshi among the officials employed by Songyun to compile his gazetteer of Xinjiang.

paragraph: In 1815–16 Xu explored the region as part of his work on the gazetteer project, visiting the Buddhist cave site at Dunhuang and other historic sites. Later he published his notes on his travels in the western regions of Chinese Empire.

paragraph: In the tradition of exile poetry, Xu Song also published a book of poetry about Xinjiang.

alias: Yinlüxuan Mengpin Xingbo Boyu Xingbai Laofuronganshuguan Zhipuxuezhai

description: explorer

wikidata_label: Xu Song

wikipedia_title: Xu Song (Qing dynasty)


text:
Kirkleatham
Merchant Taylors' Company
Sheriff of London
Lord Mayor of London
Bethlehem
Bridewell Hospital
East India Company
Kirkleatham
Member of Parliament
City of London

categories: 17th-century Lord Mayors of London,1693 deaths,English MPs 1690–1695,People from Guisborough,Members of the Parliament of England for the City of London,1615 births,English philanthropists

paragraph: William Turner (Lord Mayor)

paragraph: Sir William Turner (12 September 1615 – 9 February 1693) was an English Sheriff, Lord Mayor and M.P. of London.

paragraph: He was born in Guisborough, the third son of John Turner. In 1623 his father bought the Kirkleatham Estate and built Kirkleatham Hall.

paragraph: He moved to London and became a prosperous woollen-draper and Master of the Merchant Taylors' Company in 1661 (and again in 1684). He served as an Alderman of the City of London in 1660 and again from 1662 to 1687. He was elected a Sheriff of London for 1662–63 and Lord Mayor of London for 1668–69. He was knighted by Charles II in 1662 in recognition of his public work.

paragraph: He served as the president of the Bethlehem and Bridewell Hospitals from 1669 until his death. He was a director of the East India Company for several years (1670–1, 1684–5, 1687–8, 1690–1).

paragraph: He devoted much of his fortune to establishing a hospital in his home village of Kirkleatham in 1676, known as Sir William Turner's Hospital (or Almshouses) and now an independent retirement home. After being largely rebuilt in 1742 it has been occupied ever since. The attached chapel contains his death mask.

paragraph: At the age of 75 he was elected as Member of Parliament for the City of London in 1690,

paragraph: sitting until his death.

paragraph: He died unmarried in 1693. He bequeathed a substantial amount of money to his great nephew, Cholmley Turner, M.P. for Yorkshire, to establish a Free School, which now serves as the local museum.

wikidata_label: William Turner

wikipedia_title: William Turner (London MP)

wikipedia_title: William Turner (Lord Mayor)


text: Israel

text: Israeli culture

text: Bessarabia

text: Odessa

text: folk dance

text: expressionist

text: Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design

text: classical ballet

text: Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater

text: Neve Tzedek

text: Tel Aviv

text: Trumpeldor Cemetery

text: First World War

text: Yaakov Ben Dov

text: Zionist

text: Adloyada

text: Purim

text: Natalia Goncharova

text: Ballets Russes

text: Hora

text: Ohel Workers' Theatre

text: Jezreel Valley

text: Yitzhak Katz

text: Information Center for Israeli Art

text: Israel Museum

text: Cinema of Israel

text: Dance of Israel

text: Visual arts in Israel

text: Hora Agadati dance at Youtube

categories: 1895 births,Israeli choreographers,People from Jerusalem,1976 deaths,Israeli male ballet dancers,People from Odessa,Israeli film producers,Jewish painters,Israeli people of Moldovan-Jewish descent,Imperial Russian emigrants to the Ottoman Empire,Israeli film directors,Jews in Mandatory Palestine,Bezalel Academy of Art and Design alumni,People from Bender, Moldova,People from Bessarabia Governorate,Moldovan Jews,Israeli Jews,People from Tel Aviv,Jews in Ottoman Palestine,Bessarabian Jews,History of Purim,Israeli male dancers

paragraph: Baruch Agadati

paragraph: Baruch Agadati (, also Baruch Kaushansky-Agadati; January 8, 1895 – January 18, 1976) was a Russian Empire-born Israeli classical ballet dancer, choreographer, painter, and film producer and director. He is considered a legendary figure in Israeli culture.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Baruch Kaushansky (later Agadati) was born to a Jewish family in Bessarabia, and grew up in Odessa. He immigrated to Palestine in the early 1900s. In Palestine, he was known for performing Jewish folk dances in an expressionist style.

paragraph: Agadati attended the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem from 1910–14. When World War I started in 1914, he was in Russia visiting his parents and was unable to return to Palestine. He remained there and studied classical ballet, joining the dance troupe of the Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater. In 1919, he returned to Palestine. In 1920, he moved to the Neve Tzedek neighborhood in Tel Aviv. Until his death is 1976, he worked in theatre, painted, danced and choreographed Israeli folkdance, produced the famous Purim "Ad DeLo Yada" Carnival balls. He is buried in Trumpeldor Cemetery in Tel Aviv.

paragraph: Section::::Dance and film career.

paragraph: Kaushansky returned to Russia during the First World War and took the name Agadati. After Agadati's return to Palestine in 1919, he began to give solo dance recitals and became one of the pioneers of cinema in Israel. Agadati purchased cinematographer Yaakov Ben Dov's film archives in 1934, when Ben Dov retired from filmmaking. He and his brother Yitzhak used it to start the AGA Newsreel. He directed the early Zionist film entitled "This is the Land" (1935), the first Hebrew speaking film, and a new version in 1963, called "Tomorrow's Yesterday.".

paragraph: In the 1920s and 1930s, he was known for organizing Adloyada Tel Aviv Purim balls.

paragraph: Agadati's costume for "Yihie" ("Yemenite Ecstasy"), a solo show that also toured Europe and South America, was designed by Natalia Goncharova of Ballets Russes.

paragraph: In 1924, Agadati choreographed a dance based on the Romanian Hora that became known as "Hora Agadati". It was performed by the Ohel Workers' Theatre, which toured pioneer settlements in the Jezreel Valley. The dancers form a circle, holding hands and move counterclockwise following a six-beat step in a walk-walk-step-kick-step-kick pattern.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Jerusalem, with Boris Schatz

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914-19 Dance and painting, Odessa

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 Painting, Florence

paragraph: Section::::Teaching.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odessa, classical ballet, painting and music

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 Worthy Citizen of Tel Aviv Award, Municipality of Tel Aviv-Jaffa

paragraph: Section::::Gallery.

paragraph: Archival photographs of Baruch Agadati in costume, taken during the late 1920s.br

paragraph: Photographer: Atelier Willinger, Viennabr

paragraph: Collection of the Bat Sheva and Yitzhak Katz Archive, Information Center for Israeli Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cinema of Israel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dance of Israel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Visual arts in Israel

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Judaica Reference Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Young Tel Aviv: A Tale of Two Cities - Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibitions of Baruch Agadati: Painting on Silk. Selfridges Gallery, 1967

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hora Agadati dance at Youtube

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Spielberg Jewish Film Archive - Agadati Screen of an Artist

description: Israeli artist

wikidata_label: Baruch Agadati

wikipedia_title: Baruch Agadati


text: County Mayo

text: Ireland

text: Calgary

text: Alberta

text: Bow River

text: Fish Creek Provincial Park

text: Ireland

text: Liverpool

text: Waco, Texas

text: General William Tecumseh Sherman

text: British Columbia

text: Barkerville

text: Sam Livingston

text: Lac Ste. Anne

text: Father Lacombe

text: Rio Grande

text: Peace

text: Fort Benton

text: Midnapore, Calgary

text: Lethbridge

text: Alberta

text: Saskatchewan Rebellion

text: University of Calgary

text: John Glenn.ca

text: Alberta Government

categories: 1886 deaths,Immigrants to pre-Confederation Alberta,1833 births,Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Canada,People from County Mayo,History of Calgary

paragraph: John Glenn (Alberta)

paragraph: John Glenn (1833 in County Mayo, Ireland – January 9, 1886 in Calgary, Alberta) was the first documented European to settle in the Calgary, Alberta, Canada area. He settled there in 1873 with his wife Adelaide (née Belcourt), and built a small log cabin near the confluence of Fish Creek and the Bow River - in today's Fish Creek Provincial Park.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: John Glenn was born in Mayo County, Ireland in 1833. As a young man he left Ireland and travelled to England. He was homesick for his native country so started to travel back home, however he changed his mind just a few miles from his Father's home and turned around and travelled back to England.

paragraph: From Liverpool he took a ship to New York, he was 16 years old. Upon arriving in the United States he decided to travel to Waco, Texas where he took employment on a ranch. In 1861 he was drafted into the Confederate Army, however, as he did not believe in slavery, he deserted and joined the Northern Federal Army. He served during this period under General William Tecumseh Sherman until the end of the Civil war in 1865.

paragraph: He then traveled around the United States, working in mines and in 1867 he moved to British Columbia and then on to Barkerville (along with James Votier and Sam Livingston - who would later become his neighbours in the Calgary area).

paragraph: At the age of 40 he decided, in 1873, to settle down and married Adelaide Belcourt of Lac Ste. Anne. The marriage took place in the mission in St. Albert (built by Father Lacombe twenty years earlier) and the ceremony was performed by Father Leduc.

paragraph: They then headed out to find good land to settle on. When they reached Fish Creek they were impressed by the rich soil and decided to make their home there. They built a log cabin in 1873, becoming the first settlers in what is now Calgary. Later he said "I like the climate better than any I have found between the Atlantic and the Pacific; the Rio Grande and the Peace, over all of which Territory I have travelled. There is everything in the country a settler can desire".

paragraph: Section::::Trading post.

paragraph: Regular trips by Glenn were made to Fort Benton, to obtain goods to trade, he made one or two trips a year in the latter part of the 1870s to this end. A crew of men erected a large dwelling, barn and other buildings, which were completed in 1878–79. This trading post became an established stopping place. Meals were priced at 50 cents each and everyone had to bring their own bed.

paragraph: During this time Glenn started raising cattle and growing grain. After three years the farm constituted sown with oats and barley, a garden and a hay meadow.

paragraph: Section::::John Glenn's irrigation system.

paragraph: Glenn sold his original farm and trading post to the government on August 1, 1879; their first property became Indian Supply Farm number 24. Once sold, the Glenn's moved up the creek to set up another farmstead - near the banks of Fish Creek, just east of Macleod Trail in what is now Midnapore, Calgary.

paragraph: There John Glenn started the construction of his historic irrigation system — this was 19 years before the Alberta Irrigation Company started their first project near Lethbridge, Alberta.

paragraph: Glenn built an earth and rock dam about a half a mile west of Macleod Trail and diverted water from the creek into a ditch which diverted the water to irrigate his fields east of the Trail. This irrigation scheme also worked to supply water for Glenn's nearest neighbour, William Shaw, who arrived from England in 1883 as well as water for the Shaw's woollen mills.

paragraph: Section::::John Glenn's family.

paragraph: Adelaide and John had eight children, Patrick, John, Alfred, William, Edward, Margaret, Eliza and Mathilde, (Eliza and Mathilde both died in childhood).

paragraph: Patrick was the only one to marry and have children. He married Filomene Hodgson, daughter of George Hodgson, Indian Agent at Sarcee Indian Reserve; they had six children.

paragraph: The story of John Glenn has an unfortunate ending. It is unclear what happened in late December 1885, shortly after the Saskatchewan Rebellion. One story goes that John Glenn's horses may have been spooked, which resulted in him being thrown from his wagon, which resulted in injury (this is the story reported in the Calgary Herald). Another story goes that he and one of his drivers had a difference of opinion which resulted in a fist fight. Regardless of which is true, he never fully recovered and died of pneumonia on January 9, 1886. John Glenn is buried in the pioneer section of St. Mary's Cemetery in Calgary.

paragraph: Adelaide died in her 88th year.

paragraph: In 1999 the original Glenn home was dismantled by the Archeology Field Studies Team of the University of Calgary they intended to reconstruct the building in its original site, to date it has not been done and there is no indication when or if this will be done (funding is not currently available).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Glenn.ca - The story of John Glenn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alberta Government - Glenn's short history

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the "Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online"

description: Canadian settler

wikidata_label: John Glenn

wikipedia_title: John Glenn (Alberta)


text:
VJ
AVRO
TopPop
multimedia
Daniel Sahuleka
Dutch Top 40
alpha wave
trance
Homepage
Avro-article about Toppop
Sobriëtas on Araglins Music blog

categories: Dutch television presenters,1947 births,Dutch musicians,VJs (media personalities),Dutch science fiction writers,People from Amsterdam,Living people

paragraph: Ad Visser

paragraph: Ad Visser (born 28 April 1947, in Amsterdam) is a Dutch VJ, presenter, writer, and music artist.

paragraph: In 1965, Visser performed with his avant-garde pop trio Blurp on AVRO television.

paragraph: He presented the AVRO programmes "Superclean Dreammachine" (1968–1980) and "TopPop" (1970–1985).

paragraph: In 1982, he wrote a science-fiction novel called "Sobriëtas" and released an accompanying record as a multimedia project. The album was released in 18 countries and the single from the album, "Giddyap a Gogo", which Visser recorded with Daniel Sahuleka, reached the Dutch Top 40, which resulted in Visser's only appearance as an artist in his own "Toppop" programme.

paragraph: In the 1990s, Visser released the "Brainsessions" CDs which generate alpha waves to give the listener a trance-like experience.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Het Geheim van de Wonderbaarlijke Kubus" (Mamicha Music, 1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sobriëtas" (CBS, 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adventure" (CBS, 1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hi-tec Heroes" (Vertigo, 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ad Visser's Brainsessions" (Arcade, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ad Visser's Brainsessions, Vol. 2" (Arcade, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ad Visser's Kamasutra Experience" (Universal, 1999)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ad Visser: "Strange days. Muzikale avonturen in de 60's en 70's". Baarn, Marmer, 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ad Visser: "De parade van de hemelse tragedie. De langste song ter wereld". Vianen, The House of Books, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ad Visser: "Sobriëtas". Amsterdam, Meulenhoff, 1982. (German translation by Hildegard Höhr, München, Heyne, 1989)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Homepage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avro-article about Toppop

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sobriëtas on Araglins Music blog

description: Dutch VJ, presenter, writer and music artist

wikidata_label: Ad Visser

wikipedia_title: Ad Visser


text:
Nguyễn Lords
Mạc Dynasty
Nguyễn Trãi
Lê Lợi
Mạc Đăng Dung
Trịnh Kiểm
Laos
Ming Empire
Jiajing Emperor
Mạc
Nghệ An Province
Nguyễn Hoàng
Lê Dynasty
List of Vietnamese dynasties
Genealogy of the Royal Nguyễn Family
"Annam and its Minor Currency"

categories: 1476 births,1545 deaths,People murdered in Vietnam,Assassinated Vietnamese people,Nguyễn lords

paragraph: Nguyễn Kim

paragraph: Nguyen Kim (; 1476–1545) was a Vietnamese statesman who was the ancestor of the famous Nguyễn Lords who later ruled south Vietnam (and much later, all of Vietnam). During his rule, the war with the Mạc Dynasty started.

paragraph: Nguyễn Kim claimed descent from Nguyễn Trãi, one of the top aides of Lê Lợi. He was the son of Nguyễn Hoang Du, one of the leaders of the first revolt against Mạc Đăng Dung). After the first revolt was crushed and his father executed, a second revolt against Mạc Đăng Dung took place in response to Dung's usurpation of the throne in 1527. This second revolt was led by Nguyễn Kim and his son-in-law, Trịnh Kiểm.

paragraph: At first, the Mạc army was too powerful and the rebels had to flee to Laos. From their base in Laos they managed to raise an army and reclaimed Thanh Hoa province in Vietnam. The Nguyễn-Trịnh army captured the Western Capital ("Tay Do") and enthroned Emperor "Lê Trang Tông" in 1533. The emperor appointed Nguyễn Kim as Court Chancellor and granted him the title "Hưng Quốc Công" (the Dynasty Restoring Duke)

paragraph: The Lê Loyalists then sent a formal embassy to the Ming Empire of China in 1535 on behalf of the new emperor. The embassy denounced the usurpation of Mạc Đăng Dung and asked for help. In 1536, the Jiajing Emperor of the Ming Empire dispatched an army to topple Mạc dynasty, it arrived on the border of Vietnam in 1537. However, with protestations of loyalty to the Ming Empire and the offer of a piece of north Vietnam to the Chinese, Mạc Đăng Dung was able to get the Ming army to leave. The official position of the Ming government was, the Mạc should rule in the north, and the Lê should rule in the south. The Lê Loyalist force refused to accept this settlement, and so the war continued. By 1540, they captured Nghệ An Province.

paragraph: In 1545, Nguyễn Kim was assassinated by a surrendered Mạc general. Nguyễn Kim had two young sons (Nguyễn Hoàng and Nguyễn Uông) but it was Trịnh Kiểm who took control of the Loyalist army.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lê Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Vietnamese dynasties

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encyclopedia of Asian History", Volume 3 ("Nguyễn Lords") 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of the Royal Nguyễn Family

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annam and its Minor Currency" Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)

description: Vietnamese regent

wikidata_label: Nguyen Kim

wikipedia_title: Nguyễn Kim


text: papyrologist

text: palaeographer

text: philologist

text: presbyter

text: Camaiore

text: Florence

text: piarist

text: Latin

text: Ancient Greek

text: University of Florence

text: Accademia dei Lincei

text: Giovanni Pascoli

text: Dante Alighieri

text: papyrus

text: Oxyrhynchus

text: Papyrus 2

text: Uncial 0171

text: "Profili e caratteri"

text: "Per la Firenze di Dante"

text: Iamblichus, "Protrepticus"

text: Teubner

categories: Italian Egyptologists,Italian papyrologists,1862 births,1927 deaths,Italian philologists

paragraph: Ermenegildo Pistelli

paragraph: Ermenegildo Pistelli (February 18, 1862 – January 14, 1927) was an Italian papyrologist, palaeographer, philologist and presbyter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Camaiore in 1862, Pistelli was a pupil of Girolamo Vitelli and finished his philological studies in Florence. He became piarist in 1884. Since 1903 he taught Latin and Ancient Greek at the "Istituto di Studii Superiori Pratici e di Perfezionamento" (the modern University of Florence) and in 1921 became corresponding member of the "Accademia dei Lincei".

paragraph: He oversaw the publication of various works ranging from Giovanni Pascoli's poems to works about Dante Alighieri to ancient papyrus texts; as a papyrologist, he examined numerous manuscripts found in Oxyrhynchus, e.g. Papyrus 2, 35, 36, Uncial 0171, 0173. Pistelli also was a prolific writer of reviews, critical essays and prose works on various subjects, as well as works for young readers.br

paragraph: He died in Florence in 1927.

paragraph: Section::::Significant works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1901. "De recentiorum studiis in Tyrtaeum collatis". B.Seeber: Firenze.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917. "Le pìstole d'Omero".

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1921. "Profili e caratteri".

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1921. "Per la Firenze di Dante".

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927. "Eroi, uomini e ragazzi".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Editions: Iamblichus, "Protrepticus" (Teubner, 1888)

description: Italian Egyptologist

wikidata_label: Ermenegildo Pistelli

wikipedia_title: Ermenegildo Pistelli


text:
officer of arms
College of Arms
London
Tower Hill
Surrey
Leicestershire
Town(e)ley family
Towneley Hall
Burnley
Lancashire
Charles Towneley
Thornhill
West Riding of Yorkshire
Lancaster Herald of Arms in Ordinary
York Herald of Arms in Ordinary
tabard
Jacobite rising of 1715
George II
herald
Earl Marshal
Norroy King of Arms
Clarenceux King of Arms
Garter Principal King of Arms
Heraldry
Pursuivant
King of Arms
Mark Noble
The College of Arms

categories: 1774 deaths,English genealogists,English officers of arms,1713 births

paragraph: Charles Townley (officer of arms)

paragraph: Sir Charles Townley (7 May 1713 – 7 June 1774) was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London.

paragraph: Section::::Early and private life.

paragraph: Charles Townley was born on Tower Hill in 1713, the son of Charles Townley, of Clapham, Surrey and Sarah Wilde, daughter of William Wilde of Long-Whatton in Leicestershire. His mother died the following year. His father remarried twice; with Gertrude Kirkes, he had a large family. Townley was a descendant of a younger branch of the Town(e)ley family of Towneley Hall, Burnley, Lancashire, the head of which at this time was the antiquary Charles Towneley.

paragraph: Sir Charles married Mary, the youngest daughter of George Eastwood of Thornhill in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and had four children: Charles (who became Lancaster Herald of Arms in Ordinary), William, John and Mary.

paragraph: Section::::Heraldic career.

paragraph: He began his heraldic career as York Herald of Arms in Ordinary in 1735, having "agreed to purchase Mr Jones, York's, tabard, for £400". In other words, he purchased the position from his predecessor. There was opposition to his obtaining the position because of his relation to the Townleys of Lancashire, who were involved in the Jacobite rising of 1715. The king, George II, eventually granted letters patent appointing him to the position. This was the first patent appointing a herald to have been written in English. Townley's appointment was also notable for having a warrant issued by Francis Howard, Earl of Effingham as Deputy Earl Marshal allowing the ceremony of creation as a herald to be dispensed with, even though a patent had been signed to perform it. He progressed through the ranks of the College of Arms, being appointed Norroy King of Arms on 2 November 1751 and Clarenceux King of Arms on 11 January 1755. He ended his career with an appointment to the most senior position of Garter Principal King of Arms in 1772. He held this post until his death two years later.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heraldry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pursuivant

paragraph: BULLET::::- King of Arms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Noble, "A History of the College of Arms &c", (London, 1804)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The College of Arms

description: Officer of Arms

wikidata_label: Charles Townley

wikipedia_title: Charles Townley (officer of arms)


text:
Carniola
lawyer
geographer
cartographer
activist
manufacturer
ethnic German
Slovene culture
Carniola
Koče
Kočevje
Gottschee County
Austrian Kingdom of Illyria
Slovenia
Slovene Lands
Zemljovid Slovenske dežele in pokrajin
Union Brewery
Old Slovene
Cekin Mansion
center
National Museum of Contemporary History
Congress Square
Čop Street
Ljubljana Marshes
World War II
Slovenian Home Guard
Franc Frakelj
Ljubljana
Žale cemetery
postal stamp
United Slovenia
National symbols of Slovenia
Peter Kosler Association, Slovenia
Peter Kosler's map on Geopedia

categories: Carniolan people of German descent,1879 deaths,German geographers,1824 births,German lawyers,Carniolan lawyers,Carniolan businesspeople,German activists,German cartographers,Carniolan cartographers,Carniolan geographers

paragraph: Peter Kosler

paragraph: Peter Kosler or Kozler (16 February 1824 – 16 April 1879) was a Carniolan lawyer, geographer, cartographer, activist, and manufacturer. He was of ethnic German origin, but also identified with Slovene culture and advocated the peaceful coexistence of the Slovene and German cultures in Carniola.

paragraph: Kosler was born in Koče, a village south of Kočevje in Gottschee County, in what was then the Austrian Kingdom of Illyria, and is now Slovenia. He is best known for creating the first map of the Slovene Lands, called "Zemljovid Slovenske dežele in pokrajin" (Map of Slovene Lands and Provinces). Made already from 1848 until the end of 1852, it was published only in 1861. Despite this, it had a significant impact in the time of the Slovene national awakening.

paragraph: Born in a relatively well-to-do family, Kosler made a fortune with beer manufacturing and was the founder of the Union Brewery. He gave large amounts of money to support Slovenian cultural associations and institutions. He was close to the conservative Old Slovene political movement.

paragraph: Kosler bought Cekin Mansion just outside the center of Ljubljana and renovated it in a neoclassical style. Today, the mansion houses the National Museum of Contemporary History. The Koslers also owned a mansion () in the center of Ljubljana, close to Congress Square () and Čop Street (), which was regarded as one of the finest Baroque buildings in the city. The building was slated for demolition in 1956 and torn down by the Communist authorities in 1961 in order to widen the nearby street, which caused a public outcry and marked a milestone in the development of postwar urban development in Ljubljana. According to an interview with art historian Damjan Prelovšek in October 2006, trees now grow at the site of the former building, demonstrating that its demolition was a political decision and unnecessary in order to widen the street.

paragraph: Kosler also owned a plot of land in the Ljubljana Marshes known as Kosler's Thicket (). During World War II, the plot was used as a mass grave for victims of the Slovenian Home Guard torturer and killer Franc Frakelj.

paragraph: Kosler died in Ljubljana and is buried at Žale cemetery in Ljubljana.

paragraph: In 1999, a Slovenian postal stamp was dedicated to Kosler.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- United Slovenia

paragraph: BULLET::::- National symbols of Slovenia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Kosler Association, Slovenia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Kosler's map on Geopedia

description: Carniolan lawyer

wikidata_label: Peter Kozler

wikipedia_title: Peter Kosler


text:
Wallachia
Moldavia
Prince
Michael the Brave
Long Turkish War
Ottoman Empire
Wallachian military forces
Rumelia
Nikopol
Ban
Oltenia
Transylvania
Moldavian army
Hetman
Movilă dynasty
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Curtea de Argeș
Simion Movilă
Gorgota
Leca of Cătun
Danubian Principalities
tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
boyar
House of Basarab
Vornic
Dan II
Dâmbovița County
an eponymous estate
Jupân
ktitor
Nucet Monastery
Clucer
Petru Cercel
Pătrașcu the Good
Logothete
Stolnic
Comis
Leca of Cătun
Mihnea Turcitul
Bălteni
Stâlpeni
Leurdeni
Armaș
Gorgota
Long Turkish War
Holy League
Holy Roman Empire
Bulgarian rebels
Nikopol
Ban
Oltenia
Simion Movilă
Moldavian Prince
Ieremia Movilă
Transylvania
Radu Buzescu
hajduk
Starina Novak
Olt River
Rothenturm
Wallachian victory at Șelimbăr
Octav-George Lecca
Muntenia
Movilăs
Hetman
Spatharios
Vistier
Andronikos Kantakouzenos
Marcu Cercel
Suceava
Moldavian military forces
Giorgio Basta
Hungarian nobility
Sigismund Báthory
Prince of Transylvania
Transylvanian Diet
Sebeșul Săsesc (Szászsebes)
battle of Mirăslău
Preda Buzescu
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish interventions in Moldavia
Commonwealth army
Stanisław Żółkiewski
Deli-Marko
Dniester
Năeni
Ceptura
at Bucov
Curtea de Argeș
Râmnicu Vâlcea
fealty
Starost
Kamenets
Miron Costin
Jan Zamoyski
Cluj (Kolozsvár)
Cassovia
Ferrante Gonzaga
at Guruslău
Leca of Cătun
Câmpia Turzii
ktitor
Radu Șerban
Radu Mihnea
Leurdeni
Matei Basarab
Gheorghe Băleanu
Constantin Șerban
Ottoman slavery
Cantacuzinos
Ivașco II
Magazin Istoric
Octav-George Lecca
Editura Paideia
Constantin Moisil
Editura enciclopedică

categories: 16th-century Romanian people,Prisoners of war held by Poland,Hetmans of Wallachia,People executed for treason against Wallachia,16th-century politicians,People from Dâmbovița County,Bans of Oltenia,16th-century soldiers,Romanian prisoners of war,Prison administrators,17th-century Romanian people,Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania,Regents,Hetmans of Moldavia,17th-century politicians,17th-century soldiers,Rulers of Moldavia,People of the Long Turkish War,16th-century births,1600s deaths

paragraph: Udrea Băleanu

paragraph: Udrea Băleanu, also known as Băleanul, Banul Udrea, or Udrea of Băleni (? – ca. May 1601), was a Wallachian and Moldavian statesman and military commander. He was especially noted as a key supporter, and alleged uncle, of the unifying Prince Michael the Brave, serving under his command in the Long Turkish War. In the early stages of Michael's revolt against the Ottoman Empire, Băleanu drove the Wallachian military forces into Rumelia, relieving Nikopol. He served as "Ban" of Oltenia, then commanded supporting contingents in the 1599 campaign to annex Transylvania. The following year, Michael employed him as one of his four regents in Moldavia, and also made him commander of the Moldavian army, with the title of "Hetman". This assignment made Băleanu a direct enemy of the Movilă dynasty, which claimed the Moldavian throne, and of the Movilăs' backers in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

paragraph: Returning to Transylvania in order to help Michael restore his regime in that country, Băleanu was called back to Wallachia, which had been invaded by the Poles. His forces held Curtea de Argeș and absorbed the Polish attack, allowing Michael to escape from the field. Băleanu was taken prisoner and handed over to the Polish-backed Prince, Simion Movilă. Various accounts suggest that he abjured Michael during his captivity, though this remains disputed. He was then beheaded without trial, causing tensions between Movilă and the Poles, who had vouched for the "Ban"s safety.

paragraph: Băleanu was buried in Gorgota, at Panaghia Monastery, which he had built himself. He had no direct heirs, but was survived by brother-in-law Leca of Cătun and nephew Ivașco I Băleanu. Through the latter's descendants, the Băleanus remained important actors in the political intrigues of the 17th century.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Rise.

paragraph: Alive at a time when Wallachia and Moldavia, the two Danubian Principalities, were tributary states of the Ottoman Empire, Udrea was the scion of a high-ranking boyar family. The clan, which may have been ultimately related to the ruling House of Basarab, could document its ancestry to a Borcea of Slătioare, a "Vornic" of the 15th-century Wallachian Prince Dan II. They had a long-standing association with Dâmbovița County, owning an eponymous estate therein. Their indirect ancestor, "Jupân" Gherghina, was also "ktitor" of Nucet Monastery.

paragraph: Udrea's father, Radu Băleanu, was the great "Clucer" (master of the Wallachian court) under Prince Petru Cercel; Radu's sister Voica was mother of another Prince, Pătrașcu the Good, alleged father of Michael the Brave. Udrea's uncle, Pătru, a Great "Logothete", was father of another "Vornic", Ivașco Băleanu. Through his mother Maria, Udrea was grandson of "Stolnic" Badea Aiaz Izvoranu. Maria and Radu also had a daughter, Grăjdana, who went on to marry "Comis" (stable-master) Leca of Cătun. Another son, Badea, never rose to high office, while two of Udrea's sisters, Zamfira and Melania, respectively married the boyars Hrizea and Para.

paragraph: Udrea is first mentioned as an office bearer under Prince Mihnea Turcitul, serving as "Comis" between April 13, 1586 and May 22, 1588. According to later documents, he had inherited from his father a number of estates, including those at Bălteni, Stâlpeni, and Leurdeni. He is next mentioned a decade later, with the advent of Michael the Brave, when he climbed through the ranks of the military boyardom: on May 4, 1596, he was assigned the rank of "Armaș", or chief warden of the prisons. He had lost this title by August 21, 1598, as specified in his will, completed on that date; the document also mentions his wife, Mușa, as well as the couple's patronage of Panaghia Monastery in Gorgota. By that moment, Michael the Brave had rebelled against the Ottomans, leading Wallachia into the Long Turkish War, part of a Holy League headed by the Holy Roman Empire. In 1596, the Wallachian military assisted the Bulgarian rebels, with Băleanu directing the raid on Nikopol. On September 1, 1598, he was promoted to Great "Ban" of Oltenia, holding that title to June 14, 1599.

paragraph: For a while in 1599, Băleanu may have sided with dissident boyars, asking for Simion Movilă, brother of the Moldavian Prince Ieremia Movilă, to take the Wallachian throne from Prince Michael. In autumn of the same year, however, he resumed his activity as Michael's general: Michael led the main Wallachian thrust into Transylvania, while Băleanu and Radu Buzescu led a supporting march from Oltenia. Their force, also comprising "hajduk" irregulars under the command of Starina Novak, climbed up the Olt River by way of Rothenturm, joining up with Michael's forces before the Wallachian victory at Șelimbăr. According to scholar Octav-George Lecca, Băleanu may have also been designated as governor of Muntenia while Buzescu took over the administration of Oltenia.

paragraph: Michael then conquered Moldavia from the Movilăs, and Băleanu was again a prominent participant in the events. In May 1600, Michael made him Moldavia's "Hetman", as well as one of the country's regents, alongside the "Spatharios" Negrea, the "Armaș" Sava, and the "Vistier" Andronikos Kantakouzenos. By July, Michael's nephew, Marcu Cercel, was groomed to take over as Prince of that country. Also in July, "Ban" Udrea left his post in Suceava and led the Moldavian military forces into Transylvania, aiding Michael in his feud with a former Holy-League ally, Giorgio Basta. Another war erupted between Michael and Transylvania's Hungarian nobility, which recognized Sigismund Báthory as Prince of Transylvania. It began in September, when the aristocrats refused to attend a Transylvanian Diet at Sebeșul Săsesc (Szászsebes) ("see battle of Mirăslău"). At one point in this development, the noblemen asked for Băleanu, Sava and Preda Buzescu to be taken as hostages and guarantees of a truce.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Killing and legacy.

paragraph: Băleanu's absence from Suceava also led to a reemergence of the Movilă brothers Ieremia and Simion, who were backed by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—leading to one of the several, recurrent, Polish interventions in Moldavia. The poet Stanislaw Bartholan, who saw action with the Commonwealth army under Stanisław Żółkiewski, later claimed that Udrea (or "Udra") was still in Moldavia with Deli-Marko, and only withdrew after Żółkiewski crossed the Dniester. Historian Constantin Rezachevici argues that this is merely a chronological error.

paragraph: The Poles then moved into Wallachia, where they installed Simion Movilă as Prince. Băleanu, who still considered himself Moldavia's "Hetman" in diplomatic letters he sent to Żółkiewski, led the returning Wallachian loyalists into battle with the Poles. These were sent in to aid Michael and Novak, whose troops were defeated in a string of battles: at Năeni, Ceptura, and finally at Bucov. On November 25, 1600, a decisive clash occurred outside Curtea de Argeș. Udrea led four suicidal attacks into the Polish lines, losing some 1,500 men in all, but allowing Michael's main column the time to retreat.

paragraph: According to historian Nicolae Bănică-Ologu, Băleanu was still free after the battle, joining Michael, Novak and the Buzescus one final time in Râmnicu Vâlcea. There, Michael is believed to have asked his Wallachian generals to save themselves by traveling back home and rendering fealty to Prince Simion. Captured by "Starost" Jan Potocki of Kamenets, Băleanu appealed to Prince Simion's forgiveness, promising to become his "servant and slave". In one of his messages from captivity, the "Ban" clarified that he was still hoping to preserve "my inheritance and my estate in this country [of Wallachia]". Several sources, including the chronicler Miron Costin and Rezachevici suggest that the prisoner had effectively betrayed Prince Michael. O.-G. Lecca argues differently, proposing that Băleanu remained loyal to the end of his life. Likewise, Bănică-Ologu sees Băleanu's action as a fulfilment of Michael's last order.

paragraph: "Ban" Udrea was eventually handed over to the Movilăs by the Poles, though the latter still vouched for his safety. He was then nevertheless executed, on Simion's orders, at some point before July 1601—possibly in May, alongside his fellow Moldavian regent, the "Spatharios" Negrea. Lecca, who believes that Băleanu was more likely killed in 1600, records the method employed as a beheading. Bănică-Ologu believes that the beheading took place months later. In his reading, Simion had allowed Negrea and Băleanu to walk free, but both had then rebelled against him with Michael's consent, which prompted severe retaliation; though the initial leaders did not survive, the revolt was embraced by Buzescu, who eventually managed to topple Simion. Nevertheless, the execution perplexed Simion's Polish partners, with Jan Zamoyski complaining about the expediency of the procedure, carried out "with no trial and no form of justice".

paragraph: Udrea's fellow combatant, Novak, had returned to Transylvania and surrendered to Basta. Captured by the Hungarian nobles, he was tried, and then impaled, at Cluj (Kolozsvár). By the presumed moment of Băleanu's execution, Michael the Brave was in Cassovia, where Ferrante Gonzaga arranged his reconciliation with Basta and the resumption of the Holy League. There followed a return into Transylvania, which included a victory against Báthory at Guruslău. The march, involving troops commanded by Udrea's brother-in-law Leca of Cătun, ended in August 1601, when Michael was assassinated, on Basta's orders, at Câmpia Turzii. Of the two surviving Moldavian regents, Sava is known to have been captured and tortured.

paragraph: With no children to survive him, Băleanu's estate went to furnishing his monastery in Gorgota, where he was buried. Panaghia's other "ktitor" was the "Comis" Leca. He achieved a dominant position as "Spatharios" under Radu Șerban, joining the latter in exile to Moldavia. Leca was then executed for treason and his estate was confiscated by a new Prince, Radu Mihnea. Grăjdana recovered possession of Leurdeni, which in the 18th century became property of the Manu boyars.

paragraph: The Băleanu family still survived through collateral lines, including one represented by "Ban" Udrea's nephew, Ivașco I Băleanu. The latter was a prominent Wallachian courtier in the 1630s, having supported the successful pretender Matei Basarab. A similar role was played by his son, Gheorghe Băleanu, who fought alongside Constantin Șerban in Moldavia, in 1659, and then spent two years in Ottoman slavery. He is remembered as one of the leading actors in Wallachian politics throughout most of the 1660s and 1670s, when he presided the political party which resisted the rise of Andronikos' family, the Cantacuzinos; that civil strife ended in 1679, with his son Ivașco II's expulsion.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolae Bănică-Ologu, "Teodosie Rudeanu marele logofăt al lui Mihai Viteazul și Simion Movilă", in "Buridava. Studii și Materiale", Vol. 3, 1979, pp. 42–52.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marin George, "Baba Novac și minunații săi haiduci", in "Magazin Istoric", May 1975, pp. 15–16.

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. Grigoraș, "De același sînge cu moldovenii", in "Magazin Istoric", May 1975, pp. 7–10.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Traian Ionescu-Nișcov, "Scurtă monografie toponimică: satul Grăjdana", in "Romanoslavica", Vol. III, 1958, pp. 21–30.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Octav-George Lecca, "Familii de boieri mari și mici din Valahia". Bucharest: Editura Paideia, 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantin Moisil, "Bucureștii și împrejurimile în mijlocul veacului al XVII-lea", in "Bucureștii Vechi", Vols. I–IV, 1935, pp. 7–28.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria-Venera Rădulescu, "Marcu, fiul principelui Petru Cercel (1583–1585). Cahle medievale descoperite la Cerbureni, jud. Argeș, și la Târgoviște, jud. Dâmbovița (Curtea Domnească și zona Bisericii Stelea)", in "Muzeul Național", Vol. XXV, 2013, pp. 47–66.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantin Rezachevici,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Glorioasa pribegie a lui Mihai Viteazul", in "Magazin Istoric", March 1972, pp. 57–65.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Documentar. Luptele hatmanului Jan Zamoyski cu Mihai Viteazul într-o tipăritură rară din biblioteca Zamoyski (Broșura căpitanului Stanislaw Bartholan din 1601)", in "Revista de Istorie", Vol. 32, Issue 7, July 1979, pp. 1327–1349.

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. Stoicescu, "Dicționar al marilor dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova. Sec. XIV–XVII". Bucharest: Editura enciclopedică, 1971.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Udrea Băleanu

wikipedia_title: Udrea Băleanu


text:
Grand Master of Crossbowmen
Battle of Agincourt
Jean V de Hangest
battle
William Shakespeare
"Henry V"

paragraph: David de Rambures

paragraph: David de Rambures (born in 1364, died October 25, 1415 at the battle of Agincourt) was a French knight, member of the king's council and Grand Master of Crossbowmen. He died at the Battle of Agincourt along with his three youngest sons, John, Hughes and Philip.

paragraph: Section::::Life and Marriage.

paragraph: David de Rambures (1364-1415) was the son of André (nicknamed Andrieux) de Rambures (- 1405), knight, lord of Rambures, captain of Boulogne and Gravelines, governor of the West-West Flanders province, chamberlain of King Charles VI and Jeanne de Brégny. He married Catherine d'Auxy, Dame de Dompiere and Escouy, daughter of Enguerrand d'Auxy (? - 1374) and Isabelle de Goulons. They had four sons.

paragraph: In 1412 he started the construction of the current castle of Rambures, which was interrupted at his death.

paragraph: Section::::Military Career.

paragraph: Squire, he served at the Hotel du Roi Charles VI (1386) and in Germany.

paragraph: He was placed, thanks to his father, very early in the Hotel of the king and began his military career as a squire in the company of his father in 1387. He served in Germany in 1388 and fought on many battlefields at the beginning of the 15th century, which led him to the highest offices. He served in Picardy in 1404, under the Comte de Saint-Pol, with four knights and twenty squires. He was taken prisoner at Mercq near Calais with Jean V de Hangest. His father Andreux and brother Jean died in this battle. He served in Guyenne in 1408 and became captain of the castle of Airaines, the same year. Then, in 1410, he set out for Genoa to strengthen Marshal de Boucicaut with Raoul de Gaucourt. He served in Orleans with James II of Bourbon-La Marche in 1411.

paragraph: He became great master of the French Crossbowmen in 1411 with a salary of £ 2,000 a year and a bonus of £ 600.

paragraph: He defended Ponthieu and Artois, captain of Boulogne (1415), he commanded Dieppe against the English.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Familiar of the Court of Burgundy, he attended the marriage of Marguerite of Burgundy with Guillaume de Hainaut in 1385, that of John of Burgundy with Marguerite of Bavaria and that of Antoine of Burgundy with Jeanne of Luxembourg in Arras, in 1402. He was chamberlain of the Duke of Burgundy Philip the Bold in 1401-1402.

paragraph: He was a member of the king's council in 1402 and in 1410 became chamberlain to the Duke of Guyenne. After the Treaty of Bicetre of December 10, 1410, he was one of the twelve knights who were members of the Council of Regency, in charge of the government during the madness of Charles VI. His attachment to the Duke of Burgundy caused his dismissal in 1413.

paragraph: He then served the Duke of Burgundy Jean sans Peur in 1413 and then in the service of the Dauphin in 1414, of which he became the commissioner for the execution of the Treaty of Arras.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Shakespeare, in his play "Henry V", called him Lord Rambures, the master of the French crossbows.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippe Seydoux, The Castle of Rambures, in Picardy, Editions de La Morande, 1974

wikidata_label: David de Rambures

wikipedia_title: David de Rambures


text: Danish

text: Christian IX

text: Aarhus Cathedral

text: Randers

text: Order of the Dannebrog

text: Frederiksberg

text: Copenhagen

text: Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen

text: Christian IX

text: Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition

text: Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts

text: Einar Utzon-Frank

text: Florence

text: Paris

text: Rome

text: anatomy

text: Salon

text: Agnes Lunn

text: relief

text: Randers

text: Oslo

text: Lyngby Lake

text: Hellerup

text: Bellevue Beach

text: Aarhus

text: Aarhus Cathedral

text: Uganda

text: mating rituals

text: Charlottenlund

text: Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts

text: Order of the Dannebrog

text: Den Frie Udstilling

text: Rigshospitalet

text: Theatre Museum in the Court Theatre

categories: Knights First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog,People from Frederiksberg,2006 deaths,1905 births,Danish women sculptors

paragraph: Helen Schou

paragraph: Helen Schou (19 April 1905 – 27 March 2006) was a Danish sculptor most known for her works of horses. Her two most-known commissions are the equestrian statue of King Christian IX commissioned for the Aarhus Cathedral and the "Jutland Stallion" commissioned by the City of Randers. She was honored as a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1965 and elevated to a Knight 1st Class in 1974.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Helen Rée was born on 19 April 1905 in Frederiksberg, Denmark to Dagmar (née Albeck) and Ivar Müller Rée, a stockbroker. She knew from an early age that she wanted to become an artists, though her early works were drawings and paintings. She was also an avid horsewoman, participating in competitions and raising her own horses. As the youngest child in a well-to-do Copenhagen family, her parents indulged her wishes, though her father was apprehensive about her desire to sculpt rather than paint.

paragraph: At the age of 18, Rée began studying with Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen. At the time, Carl-Nielsen was working on her statue of Christian IX astride a horse for the Palace Riding Arena of Christiansborg, which allowed Rée to gain insight in creating a monument. In 1926, Rée married Holger Høiriis Schou, the director of "C. Schous Fabrikker", a major soap manufacturer and distributor. At the end of the following year, Schou completed her studies with Carl-Nielsen and debuted at the Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition. In 1929, she enrolled in the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, under the tutelage of Einar Utzon-Frank. In 1932, she left the Academy and continued her studies abroad, in such places as Florence, Paris, and Rome. In addition, to augment her knowledge of horses and their anatomy, she took dissection courses at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: From the late 1920s, Schou received various commissions for work, though at times she faced discrimination from officials who felt that as a woman she was not up for monumental works, or because of her societal status felt she did not need the work. She exhibited at the Salon in Paris from 1929 to 1934. She also participated annually in the Spring Exhibition through the 1950s. Though most known for her equine statues, Schou was equally interested in and produced statues of people. Many of these portraits, of subjects such as artist Agnes Lunn (1933), ballet master Hans Beck (1937), and actor Holger Gabrielsen (1939), are in bronze or marble and are in either bust or relief. Some of her noted pieces include: "Hest overfaldes af Slange" ("Horse Attacked by Snake", 1935) in Randers; "Styrtende Amazone" (Stirring Amazone, (1938) in the collection of the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design in Oslo; "Morgengry" (1939) for the people's park at Lyngby Lake; "Hest med føl" ("Horse with foal", 1940) installed and later moved in 1980 to Øregård Park in Hellerup; a bust of her husband "Holger Høiriis Schou" (1941); and "Moder med Barn" ("Mother with Child", 1943) at the park of Bellevue Beach.

paragraph: Schou's two major works were the equestrian statue of King Christian IX and "Jutland Stallion".

paragraph: She worked on the riding figure in Aarhus for twelve years, beginning the work in 1944 to create a city landmark which is a balance between movement and stationary forms, as well as gives equal prominence to horse and rider. The commissioned work was installed in front of the Aarhus Cathedral in 1955. The "Jutland Stallion" stands five-meters high and spans six-meters in length. The subject is a Jutland workhorse, which emphasizes its strength and vitality through the defined shapes of its muscles. It was commissioned by the City of Randers in 1959 and installed ten years later. In the 1970s, Schou visited Uganda and the trip inspired her commission of mating rituals for the Tranehaven Treatment Center in Charlottenlund, which was installed in 1988.

paragraph: Between 1937 and 1938, Schou served as a member of the board of the Danish Sculpture Society and repeated the service between 1941 and 1942. In 1956, she was the recipient of the Agnes Lunn Prize. She was a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts from 1959 to 1978, chairing the professional sculptor committees between 1967 and 1968. In 1965, Schou was honored as a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog and elevated to a Knight 1st Class in 1974. As art tastes changed, Schou's realism was often unappreciated in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1995, a retrospective exhibition of her works was held by the Den Frie Udstilling.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Schou died on 27 March 2006 at her home in Holmegårdsparken, Charlottenlund, Denmark. She was the mother of three children: Eva (1927), Dorrit (1937) and Christian (1940). In addition to her public monuments and works held in Oslo, she has works held by the Rigshospitalet and Theatre Museum in the Court Theatre.

description: Danish sculptor

wikidata_label: Helen Schou

wikipedia_title: Helen Schou


text:
Oregonian
Oskaloosa, Iowa
Province

wikipedia_title:
The Oregonian
Oskaloosa, Iowa
The Province

categories: Artists from Portland, Oregon,1931 deaths,American cartoonists,1877 births,The Oregonian people,People from Oskaloosa, Iowa

paragraph: Tige Reynolds

paragraph: Edward Samuel "Tige" Reynolds (December 11,1877 – April 26, 1931) was an American cartoonist, most known for his work in the Portland "Oregonian", where he worked from 1911 until his death. Born in Oskaloosa, Iowa, he began his newspaper work in California, and eventually worked for the San Francisco "Evening Post", Tacoma "Ledger", and the Vancouver "Province" before settling at the "Oregonian".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Samuel "Tige" Reynolds papers, 1900-1931 at University of Oregon Libraries

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artwork by Edward S. "Tige" Reynolds

alias:
Edward Samuel Reynolds
Edward S. Reynolds

description: American cartoonist

wikidata_label: Tige Reynolds

wikipedia_title: Tige Reynolds


text:
Texas Declaration of Independence
grid plan
Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Buckinghamshire, England
Missouri
Mexican
Coahuila y Tejas
Brazoria County
Velasco, Texas
New Orleans, Louisiana
Battle of Velasco
Texas Revolution
Convention of 1836
Washington-on-the-Brazos
Texas Declaration of Independence
Republic of Texas
Mirabeau Lamar
Austin
Colorado River
grid plan
Congress Avenue
Texas State Capitol
Masonic Lodge
Waller County
secession
Oran Milo Roberts
Texas State Cemetery

wikipedia_title:
Texas Declaration of Independence
Grid plan
Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Buckinghamshire
Missouri
Mexico
Coahuila y Tejas
Brazoria County, Texas
Velasco, Texas
New Orleans
Battle of Velasco
Texas Revolution
Convention of 1836
Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas
Texas Declaration of Independence
Republic of Texas
Mirabeau B. Lamar
Austin, Texas
Colorado River (Texas)
Grid plan
Congress Avenue Historic District
Texas State Capitol
Freemasonry
Waller County, Texas
Secession
Oran Milo Roberts
Texas State Cemetery

categories: Burials at Texas State Cemetery,1800 births,1881 deaths,People from Houston,People from Spotsylvania County, Virginia,People of the Texas Revolution,Mayors of Austin, Texas

paragraph: Edwin Waller

paragraph: Edwin Waller (November 4, 1800 – January 3, 1881) was an entrepreneur, signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence, the first mayor of Austin, Texas, and the designer of its downtown grid plan.

paragraph: Section::::Texas independence.

paragraph: He was born in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, United States, in 1800 to a family settled in the state since colonial times when they emigrated from Buckinghamshire, England. His family later settled in Missouri.

paragraph: In April 1831, he immigrated to the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. On July 20, he received a land grant from the government in present-day Brazoria County. He began a shipping business, transporting cotton from Velasco, Texas, to New Orleans, Louisiana, using his ship, the "Sabine", and was once briefly arrested in Velasco for refusing to pay Mexican customs duty.

paragraph: He very quickly became active in the movement for Texas independence from Mexico. On June 26, 1832, he fought and was wounded at the Battle of Velasco, an early skirmish in the Texas Revolution. In 1833, he became the alcade of Brazoria Municipality. In 1835, he represented the Columbia Municipality at the Consultation in San Felipe de Austin, where he was chosen by the members to serve in the General Council of the Provisional Government of Texas.

paragraph: On February 1, 1836, he was elected as the Brazoria delegate to the Convention of 1836 in Washington-on-the-Brazos, where he signed the newly adopted Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2. At the convention, he served on the committee that helped draft the Constitution of the Republic of Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Other pursuits.

paragraph: In 1839, he was chosen by Texas President Mirabeau Lamar to survey the site, sell lots, and erect public buildings for the new state capital in Austin. The original land site for the capital was narrowed to 640 acres (2.6 km²) that fronted the Colorado River between two creeks, Shoal Creek and Waller Creek, which was later named in his honor. The fourteen-block grid plan was bisected by a broad north-south thoroughfare, Congress Avenue, running up from the river to Capital Square, where the new Texas State Capitol was to be constructed. A temporary one-story capitol was erected on the corner of Colorado and 8th streets. On August 1, the first auction of 306 lots was held. The grid plan that Waller designed and surveyed now forms the basis of the streets of downtown Austin.

paragraph: On October 13, 1839, he offered his house for the meeting place to establish the first Masonic Lodge in Austin .

paragraph: On January 13, 1840, he was elected the first mayor of Austin. He resigned before the end of his term, however, and moved to Austin County. A new county formed from parts of Austin County and neighboring Grimes County was renamed Waller County in his honor in 1873.

paragraph: In 1861 Waller represented Austin County at the Texas secession convention. As one of the last living signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence, he was given the honor of signing the secession ordinance first after the convention president Oran Milo Roberts.

paragraph: In 1873 Waller served as the first president of the Texas Veterans Association.

paragraph: He died on January 3, 1881, in Austin, where he moved shortly before his death to live with one of his daughters. He was buried in Waller County, but his remains were later moved to the Texas State Cemetery in Austin.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas State Cemetery: Edwin Waller

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry for Edwin Waller from the "Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas" published 1880, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Austin Lodge #12

paragraph: BULLET::::- KLRU: Austin History

paragraph: BULLET::::- Waller Creek

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texian Independence Convention Delegates

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas, the Dark Corner of the Confederacy: Contemporary Accounts of the Lone Star State in the Civil War". U of Nebraska Press; 1994 [Retrieved 6 August 2017]. . p. 235–237.

description: Texas politician

wikidata_label: Edwin Waller

wikipedia_title: Edwin Waller


text: emperor

text: Song dynasty

text: China

text: Wang Anshi

text: Chancellor

text: New Policies

text: welfare state

text: Lý Nhân Tông

text: Lý dynasty

text: Tangut

text: Western Xia

text: Gansu Province

text: Sima Guang

text: Zizhi Tongjian

text: Zhou dynasty

text: Seven Military Classics

text: Roman embassies

text: Han

text: Three-Kingdoms

text: before the 13th century

text: Michael VII Doukas

text: Byzantine Empire

text: Zhao Xu

text: Emperor Zhezong

text: Emperor Zhezong

text: Empress Gao

text: Zhao Shu

text: Empress Xuanren

text: Empress Qinsheng

text: Zhao Xu

text: Zhao Ji

text: Chinese emperors family tree (middle)

text: List of emperors of the Song dynasty

text: Architecture of the Song dynasty

text: Culture of the Song dynasty

text: Economy of the Song dynasty

text: History of the Song dynasty

text: Society of the Song dynasty

text: Technology of the Song dynasty

text: Wang Anshi

text: Shen Kuo

categories: 1048 births,1085 deaths,11th-century Chinese monarchs,Northern Song emperors

paragraph: Emperor Shenzong of Song

paragraph: Emperor Shenzong of Song (25 May 1048 – 1 April 1085), personal name Zhao Xu, was the sixth emperor of the Song dynasty in China. His original personal name was Zhao Zhongzhen but he changed it to "Zhao Xu" after his coronation. He reigned from 1067 until his death in 1085.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: During his reign in 1068, Emperor Shenzong became interested in Wang Anshi's policies and appointed Wang as the Chancellor. Wang implemented his famous New Policies aimed at improving the situation for the peasantry and unemployed, which some have seen as a forerunner of the modern welfare state. These acts became the hallmark reform of Emperor Shenzong's reign.

paragraph: Emperor Shenzong sent failed campaigns against the Vietnamese ruler Lý Nhân Tông of the Lý dynasty in 1076.

paragraph: Emperor Shenzong's other notable act as emperor was his attempt to weaken the Tangut-led Western Xia state by invading and expelling the Western Xia forces from Gansu Province. The Song army was initially quite successful at these campaigns, but during the battle for the city of Yongle, in 1082, Song forces were defeated. As a result, Western Xia grew more powerful and subsequently continued to be a thorn in the side of the Song Empire over the ensuing decades.

paragraph: During Emperor Shenzong's reign, Sima Guang, a minister interested in the history of the previous 1000 years, wrote a very influential history book, the "Zizhi Tongjian" or "A Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government". This book records historical events from the Zhou dynasty to the Song dynasty. Another notable literary achievement which occurred during his reign was the compilation of the Seven Military Classics, including the alleged forgery of the "Questions and Replies between Tang Taizong and Li Weigong."

paragraph: Aside from the ancient Roman embassies to Han and Three-Kingdoms era China, contact with Europe remained sparse if not nonexistent before the 13th century. However, from Chinese records it is known that Michael VII Doukas (Mie li sha ling kai sa 滅力沙靈改撒) of Fo lin (i.e. the Byzantine Empire) dispatched a diplomatic mission to China's Song dynasty that arrived in 1081, during the reign of Emperor Shenzong.

paragraph: Emperor Shenzong died in 1085 at the age of 36 from an unspecified illness and was succeeded by his son, Zhao Xu who took the throne as Emperor Zhezong. Emperor Zhezong was underage and so Shenzong’s mother Empress Gao ruled as regent until her death.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parents:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhao Shu, Yingzong (; 1032–1067)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress Xuanren, of the Gao clan (; 1032–1093)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consorts and Issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress Qinsheng, of the Xiang clan (; 1046–1101)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Shuhuai" (; 1067–1078), first daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress Qincheng, of the Zhu clan (; 1052–1102)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhao Xu, Zhezong (; 1077–1100), sixth son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhao Shi, Prince Churongxian (; 1083–1106), 13th son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Xianjing (; 1085–1115)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married Pan Yi () in 1104, and had issue (two sons)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress Qinci, of the Chen clan (; 1058–1089)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhao Ji, Huizong (; 1082–1135), 11th son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guifei", of the Xing clan (; d. 1103)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zhao Jin, Prince Hui" (; 1071), second son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zhao Xian, Prince Ji" (; 1074–1076), fifth son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zhao Jia, Prince Yudaohui" (; 1077–1078), seventh son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zhao Ti, Prince Xuchonghui" (; 1078–1081), eighth son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guifei", of the Yang clan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guifei", of the Song clan (; d. 1117)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zhao Yi, Prince Cheng" (; 1069), first son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zhao Jun, Prince Tang'aixian" (; 1073–1077), third son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Xianxiao (; d. 1108), fourth daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married Wang Yu () in 1097

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shufei", of the Zhang clan (; d. 1105)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Xianke" (; d. 1072), second daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Defei", of the Zhu clan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Xianmu" (; d. 1084)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Xianfei", of the Wu clan (; d. 1107)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhao Bi, Prince Wurongmu (; 1082–1106), ninth son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Xianhe" (; d. 1090)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Xianfei", of the Lin clan (; 1052–1090), personal name Zhen ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhao Yu, Prince Yan (; 1083–1127), 12th son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Xianling" (; d. 1084)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhao Cai, Prince Yue (; 1085–1129), 14th son

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cairen", of the Guo clan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zhao Wei, Prince Yi" (; 1082), tenth son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady, of the Xiang clan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zhao Shen, Prince Bao" (; 1074), fourth son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unknown

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Xianmu (; d. 1111), third daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Married Han Jiayan (; d. 1129)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Xiankang" (; d. 1085)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Xianyi" (; d. 1085)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Chinese emperors family tree (middle)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. List of emperors of the Song dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Architecture of the Song dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Culture of the Song dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Economy of the Song dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::6. History of the Song dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Society of the Song dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Technology of the Song dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Wang Anshi

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Shen Kuo

alias:
Zhao Zhongzhen
Zhao Xu
Shen Zong

description: emperor of the Song Dynasty

wikidata_label: Emperor Shenzong of Song

wikipedia_title: Emperor Shenzong of Song