text: Maryland

text: Kingdom of Great Britain

text: American Declaration of Independence

text: Founding Father

text: United States of America

text: United States Constitution

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text: Confederation Congress

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text: Catholic

text: Declaration of Independence

text: Jesuit

text: Annapolis, Maryland

text: Annapolis Convention

text: Canada

text: French Canadians

text: Maryland Senate

text: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

text: Carroll family

text: Éile

text: County Offaly

text: Ireland

text: Charles Carroll the Settler

text: Litterluna

text: Lord Powis

text: St. Mary's City

text: Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore

text: Penal Laws

text: Charles Carroll of Annapolis

text: Annapolis, Maryland

text: Carroll family

text: Jesuit

text: Cecil County

text: Eastern Shore

text: College of St. Omer

text: Lycée Louis-le-Grand

text: London

text: Carrollton Manor

text: Doughoregan

text: Hockley Forge and Mill

text: Western Shore

text: Great Britain

text: Maryland Gazette

text: Daniel Dulany the Younger

text: loyalist

text: Maryland

text: Annapolis

text: Peggy Stewart

text: tea party

text: Parliament

text: Tea Act

text: American Revolution

text: Samuel Chase

text: committee of correspondence

text: Committee of Safety

text: Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)

text: Canada

text: Quebec

text: Benjamin Franklin

text: Samuel Chase

text: John Carroll

text: Invasion of Canada

text: Declaration of Independence

text: Thomas Jefferson

text: John Adams

text: Charles Carroll of Annapolis

text: Charles Carroll

text: Second Continental Congress

text: Continental Congress

text: Maryland State Senate

text: Maryland House of Delegates

text: United States Senate

text: legislature

text: Auxiliary State Colonization Society of Maryland

text: American Colonization Society

text: Liberia

text: War of 1812

text: American Antiquarian Society

text: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

text: Phoenix Shot Tower

text: Washington Monument

text: Democratic Party Convention

text: Baltimore

text: Doughoregan Manor

text: Ellicott City, Maryland

text: Homewood House

text: Baltimore, Maryland

text: alcoholism

text: Johns Hopkins University

text: Federal-style architecture

text: Brooklandwood

text: Baltimore County

text: National Register of Historic Places

text: Maryland, My Maryland

text: Arkansas

text: Georgia

text: Illinois

text: Indiana

text: Iowa

text: Maryland

text: Mississippi

text: Missouri

text: New Hampshire

text: Ohio

text: Virginia

text: Louisiana

text: parishes

text: East

text: West Carroll

text: Carroll County, Kentucky

text: Carrollton

text: Carroll Gardens

text: neighborhood

text: Brooklyn

text: Greater Carrollwood

text: Tampa

text: New Carrollton, Maryland

text: Charles Carroll Middle School

text: Carroll, New York

text: Carroll University

text: Port Richmond

text: Philadelphia

text: Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain

text: Father Matthew

text: Commodore John Barry

text: John Carroll

text: bronze statue of Charles Carroll of Carrollton

text: United States Capitol

text: National Statuary Hall Collection

text: University of Notre Dame

text: Carroll Hall

text: St. John's College

text: William Paca

text: Henry Darnall

text: Baltimore

text: Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte

text: Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley

text: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

text: paramour

text: Baroness Stafford

text: Hervey-Bathurst

text: Louisa D'Arcy-Osborne, Duchess of Leeds

text: John McTavish

text: Henry George Howard

text: Earls of Carlisle

text: Homewood

text: Benjamin Chew

text: Pennsylvania

text: John Eager Howard

text: Robert Goodloe Harper

text: Doughoregan Manor

text: Howard County, Maryland

text: Ellicott City, Maryland

text: Strange as It Seems

text: George III

text: Caesar Rodney

text: Button Gwinnett

text: John Hancock

text: Terrence Currier

text: National Treasure

text: Nicolas Cage

text: Declaration of Independence

text: Mason

text: deleted scene

text: Jackson

text: Templar Knights

text: "Gone with the Wind"

text: 1840s Carrollton Inn

text: Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)

text: Carrollton Manor

text: Maryland in the American Revolution

text: O'Carroll

text: "Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton,"

text: "The Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 1737–1832,"

text: Vol. 2

text: Quotes by Charles Carroll

text: A Moment in Time Archives: Charles Carroll of Carrollton

text: Homewood House Museum

text: Research into Homewood House

text: Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856

text: (Part 2)

text: Charles Carroll of Carrollton

text: Charles Carroll of Carrollton

categories: American people in rail transportation,Presidents of the Maryland State Senate,Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence,American people of Irish descent,Continental Congressmen from Maryland,Carroll family,Politicians from Annapolis, Maryland,Catholics from Maryland,American slave owners,Members of the American Antiquarian Society,Burials in Maryland,American Roman Catholics,1737 births,18th-century American politicians,1832 deaths,Maryland Federalists,People of colonial Maryland,United States Senators from Maryland

paragraph: Charles Carroll of Carrollton

paragraph: Charles Carroll (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton or Charles Carroll III to distinguish him from his similarly-named relatives, was a wealthy Maryland planter and an early advocate of independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and one of the signers of the American Declaration of Independence. He is sometimes referred to as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America, although he was not involved in framing the United States Constitution. He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and Confederation Congress and later as first United States Senator for Maryland. He was the sole Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence. Carroll was the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence - and the longest lived.

paragraph: Carroll was known contemporaneously as the "First Citizen" of the American Colonies, a consequence of his editorials in the "Maryland Gazette". Carroll was the wealthiest, the longest-lived survivor, and possessed the highest formal education of all of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. A product of his 17-year Jesuit education in France, Carroll spoke five languages fluently.

paragraph: Born in Annapolis, Maryland, Carroll inherited vast agricultural estates and was regarded as the wealthiest man in the American colonies when the American Revolution commenced in 1775. His personal fortune at this time was reputed to be 2,100,000 pounds sterling; the equivalent of $465,000,000 in USD in 2018. In addition, Carroll presided over his manor in Maryland; a 10,000 acre estate that included approximately 1,000 African slaves whom he later freed. Though barred from holding office in Maryland due to his religion, Carroll emerged as a leader of the state's movement for independence. He was a delegate to the Annapolis Convention and was selected as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776. He was part of an unsuccessful diplomatic mission that Congress sent to Canada in hopes of winning the support of French Canadians.

paragraph: Carroll served in the Maryland Senate from 1781 to 1800. He was elected as one of Maryland's inaugural representatives in the United States Senate, but resigned from the United States Senate in 1792 after Maryland passed a law barring individuals from simultaneously serving in state and federal office. After retiring from public office, he helped establish the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He was the longest-lived and last surviving signatory of the Declaration of Independence, dying 56 years after the document was signed.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.

paragraph: The Carroll family were descendants of the Ó Cearbhaill lords of Éile (Lords of Ely) in King's County (now County Offaly), Ireland. Carroll's grandfather was the Irish-born Charles Carroll the Settler (1660–1720) from Litterluna; he was a descendant of Daniel O'Carroll of Aghagurty Clareen, three miles south of Kinnitty, and a clerk in the office of Lord Powis. Carroll left his native Ireland (King's County) around the year 1659, and emigrated to St. Mary's City, capital of the colony of Maryland, in 1689, with a commission as Attorney General from the colony's Catholic proprietor, Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore.

paragraph: Charles Carroll the Settler was the son of Daniel O'Carroll of Litterluna. The "O'" in Irish surnames was often dropped due to the Anglicisation policy of the occupying English, particularly during the period of the "Penal Laws". Charles Carroll the Settler had a son, born in 1702 and also named Charles. To distinguish himself from his father he was known as Charles Carroll of Annapolis.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Carroll was born on September 19, 1737, in Annapolis, Maryland, the only child of Charles Carroll of Annapolis (1702–1782) and Elizabeth Brooke (1709–1761). He was born illegitimate, as his parents were not married at the time of his birth, for technical reasons to do with the inheritance of the Carroll family estates. They eventually married in 1757.

paragraph: The young Carroll was educated at a Jesuit preparatory school known as Bohemia Manor in Cecil County on Maryland's Eastern Shore. At the age of eleven, he was sent to France where he continued in Jesuit schools; first at the College of St. Omer, and later the Lycée Louis-le-Grand (Louis the Great College) in Paris, graduating in 1755. He continued his studies in Europe, and read for the law in London before returning to Annapolis in 1765.

paragraph: Charles Carroll of Annapolis granted Carrollton Manor to his son, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. It is from this tract of land that he took his title, "Charles Carroll of Carrollton". Like his father, Carroll was a Roman Catholic, and as a consequence was barred by Maryland statute from entering politics, practicing law and voting. This did not prevent him from becoming one of the wealthiest men in Maryland (or indeed anywhere in the Colonies), owning extensive agricultural estates, most notably the large manor at Doughoregan, Hockley Forge and Mill, and providing capital to finance new enterprises on the Western Shore.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolution.:Voice for independence.

paragraph: Carroll was not initially interested in politics and in any event Catholics had been barred from holding office in Maryland since the 1704 Act seeking "to prevent the growth of Popery in this Province". But, as the dispute between Great Britain and her colonies intensified in the early 1770s, Carroll became a powerful voice for independence. In 1772 he engaged in a debate conducted through anonymous newspaper letters, maintaining the right of the colonies to control their own taxation. Writing in the "Maryland Gazette" under the pseudonym "First Citizen," he became a prominent spokesman against the governor's proclamation increasing legal fees to state officers and Protestant clergy. Opposing Carroll in these written debates and writing as "Antillon" was Daniel Dulany the Younger, a noted lawyer and loyalist politician. In these debates, Carroll argued that the government of Maryland had long been the monopoly of four families, the Ogles, the Taskers, the Bladens and the Dulanys, with Dulany taking the contrary view. Eventually word spread of the true identity of the two combatants, and Carroll's fame and notoriety began to grow. Dulany soon resorted to highly personal ad hominem attacks on "First Citizen", and Carroll responded, in statesmanlike fashion, with considerable restraint, arguing that when Antillon engaged in "virulent invective and illiberal abuse, we may fairly presume, that arguments are either wanting, or that ignorance or incapacity know not how to apply them".

paragraph: Following these written debates, Carroll became a leading opponent of British rule, and served on various committees of correspondence. He also played an important role in the burning in Annapolis harbor of the "Peggy Stewart", a ship which had been carrying tea to Maryland, and was destroyed on October 19, 1774 as part of the tea party protests against British excise duties enacted by the Parliament in the "Tea Act". The day of the burning is commemorated in Maryland by a state holiday and historical event commemorating the American Revolution, known as "Peggy Stewart Day" on October 19.

paragraph: In the early 1770s Carroll appears to have embraced the idea that only violence could break the impasse with Great Britain. According to legend, Carroll and Samuel Chase (who would also later sign the Declaration of Independence on Maryland's behalf) had the following exchange:

paragraph: Section::::American Revolution.:Maryland representative.

paragraph: Beginning with his election to Maryland's committee of correspondence in 1774, Carroll represented the colony in most of the pre-revolutionary groups. He became a member of Annapolis' first Committee of Safety in 1775. Carroll was a delegate to the Annapolis Convention (1774–1776), which functioned as Maryland's revolutionary government before the Declaration of Independence. In 1776, he was selected as a delegate to the Continental Congress.

paragraph: In early 1776, the Congress sent him on a three-man diplomatic mission to Canada, in order to seek assistance from French Canadians in the confrontation with Britain. Carroll was an excellent choice for such a mission, being fluent in French and a Roman Catholic, and therefore well suited to negotiations with the French-speaking Catholics of Quebec. He was joined in the commission by Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Chase and his cousin John Carroll. The commission did not accomplish its mission, primarily because of the failure of the concurrent Invasion of Canada.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolution.:Signatory of the Declaration of Independence.

paragraph: Carroll was elected to the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, and remained a delegate until 1778. He arrived too late to vote in favor of the Declaration of Independence, but was present to sign the official document that survives today. After both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4, 1826, Carroll became the last living signatory of the Declaration of Independence.

paragraph: His signature reads "Charles Carroll of Carrollton", to distinguish him from his father "Charles Carroll of Annapolis", who was still living at that time, and several other Charles Carrolls in Maryland, such as Charles Carroll, Barrister, or his son Charles Carroll, Jr., also known as Charles Carroll of Homewood. He is usually referred to this way by historians. At the time he was one of the richest men in America. Throughout his term in the Second Continental Congress, he served on the board of war.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolution.:Member of the U.S. Senate.

paragraph: Carroll returned to Maryland in 1778 to assist in the formation of a state government. Carroll was re-elected to the Continental Congress in 1780, but he declined. He was elected to the Maryland State Senate in 1781 and served there continuously until 1800.

paragraph: In November 1779 The Maryland House of Delegates moved to pass a bill confiscating the property of those who had sided with the Crown during the Revolution. Carroll opposed this measure, questioning the motives of those who pressed for confiscation and arguing that the measure was unjust. However, such moves to confiscate Tory property had much popular support and eventually, in 1780, the measure passed.

paragraph: When the United States government was created, the Maryland legislature elected him to the first United States Senate. In 1792 Maryland passed a law that prohibited any man from serving in the state and national legislatures at the same time. Since he preferred to be in the Maryland Senate, he resigned from the U. S. Senate on November 30, 1792.

paragraph: Section::::Attitude toward slavery.

paragraph: The Carroll family were slaveholders and Carroll was himself a substantial and wealthy planter. Carroll was opposed in principle to slavery, asking rhetorically: "Why keep alive the question of slavery? It is admitted by all to be a great evil." However, although he supported its gradual abolition, he did not free his own slaves. Carroll introduced a bill for the gradual abolition of slavery in the Maryland Senate, but it did not pass. In 1828, aged 91, he served as president of the Auxiliary State Colonization Society of Maryland, the Maryland branch of the American Colonization Society, an organization dedicated to returning black Americans to lead free lives in African states such as Liberia.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and legacy.

paragraph: Carroll retired from public life in 1801. After Thomas Jefferson became president, he had great anxiety about political activity, and was not sympathetic to the War of 1812. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1815. Carroll came out of retirement to help create the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1827. In 1828 he commissioned the Phoenix Shot Tower and laid its corner stone, which was then the tallest building in the United States until the Washington Monument. His last public act, on July 4, 1828, was the laying of the "first stone" (cornerstone) of the railroad.

paragraph: In May 1832, he was asked to appear at the first-ever Democratic Party Convention but did not attend on account of poor health. Carroll died on November 14, 1832, of an apparent heart attack at the age of 95, in Baltimore. He holds the distinction of being the oldest lived founding father. He had outlived four of the first five U.S. presidents. His funeral took place at the Baltimore Cathedral (now known as the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), and he is buried in his Doughoregan Manor Chapel at Ellicott City, Maryland.

paragraph: Carroll funded the building of what is known today as Homewood House, a 140-acre (570,000 m²) estate in northern Baltimore, Maryland as a wedding gift to his son, Charles Jr., and Harriet Chew. Charles Jr. then oversaw the design and construction of the house, which began construction in 1801 and was mostly finished by 1808. Research shows that he incorporated suggestions from his wife. It took five years to build and cost $40,000, four times the budgeted expense. The house never fulfilled the family's expectations, as it did nothing to cure Charles Jr.'s idleness and alcoholism, factors which led to the failure of the marriage by binding separation. Homewood was donated to Johns Hopkins University in 1876 and later became its main campus. Today, Johns Hopkins operates Homewood House as a museum, and its Federal-style architecture serves as the inspiration for Hopkins campus architecture.

paragraph: The home of Carroll's son-in-law Richard Caton, Brooklandwood in Baltimore County, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

paragraph: Carroll is remembered in the third stanza of the state song "Maryland, My Maryland".

paragraph: Named in his honor are counties in Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Virginia as well as two Louisiana parishes, East and West Carroll. Carroll County, Kentucky and its county seat, Carrollton, are both named for him. Also named for him are the Carroll Gardens neighborhood in Brooklyn and the Greater Carrollwood neighborhoods of Tampa; as well as the city of New Carrollton, Maryland, home to Charles Carroll Middle School, and the town of Carroll, New York. Carroll University in Waukesha, Wisconsin, is named in his honor. In addition, Charles Carroll High School in the Port Richmond neighborhood of Philadelphia is named for Charles Carroll.

paragraph: In 1876, the Centennial Exhibition held to commemorate the birth of the United States was held in Philadelphia. The Catholic Abstinence Union of America commissioned the Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain for the Centennial Exhibition which includes a statue of Charles Carroll. The fountain was commissioned and created by sculptor Herman Kim to promote American morality and the centerpiece of the fountain was a statue of Moses. The statue of Moses is the center of the fountain and there are four other statues that surround it. The other four statues, that make up the points of the Maltese Cross, are statues of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Father Matthew, the Great Apostle of temperance, Commodore John Barry, a distinguished officer of the American Revolution and father of the American Navy, and Archbishop John Carroll, the patriot priest of the American Revolution. The fountain is currently located in West Fairmount Park, Philadelphia at the intersection of Avenue of the Republic and States Drive.

paragraph: In 1903, the state of Maryland added a bronze statue of Charles Carroll of Carrollton to the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection. It is located in the Crypt.

paragraph: In 1906 the University of Notre Dame constructed what is now known as Carroll Hall, a residence hall named after Charles Carroll.

paragraph: Paca-Carroll House at St. John's College is named for Carroll and his fellow signer of the Declaration of Independence, William Paca.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Charles Carroll of Carrollton married Mary Darnall (1749-1782), known as Molly, on June 5, 1768. She was a granddaughter of Henry Darnall (Charles Carroll was a great grandson of Henry Darnall). They had seven children before Molly died in 1782, but only three survived infancy:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Carroll (1770-1846), who married Richard Caton (1763-1845), an Englishman who became a Baltimore merchant. From 1820 to 1832, Carroll would winter with the Catons in Baltimore. Their daughters were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marianne (Caton) Patterson (1788-1853), sister-in-law of Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte, and later married the British statesman Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley (1760-1842), who was the brother of the legendary military commander Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, who was believed to have been previously Marianne's paramour.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Stafford-Jerningham (1790-1862), Baroness Stafford,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louisa Hervey-Bathurst (1793-1874) then Louisa D'Arcy-Osborne, Duchess of Leeds

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emily Caton (1794/5-1867), married John McTavish (1788-1852), British Consul at Baltimore, and were parents of four children including Mary Wellesley McTavish (1826-1915), The Hon. Mrs Henry George Howard (of the Earls of Carlisle).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Carroll Jr. (1775-1825) (sometimes known as Charles Carroll of Homewood because he oversaw its design and construction), married Harriet Chew (1775-1861) and lived in Philadelphia. Harriet was the daughter of Benjamin Chew, the chief justice of Pennsylvania, and her sister married John Eager Howard, who had served in the Senate with Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Charles Jr. reportedly consumed up to two quarts of brandy a day. This led to erratic behavior that resulted in his separation from Harriet.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine ("Kitty") Carroll (1778-1861), who married Robert Goodloe Harper (1765-1826), a lawyer and U.S. senator.

paragraph: Today, Carroll's descendants continue to own Doughoregan Manor, the largest parcel of land in Howard County, Maryland, with over 1000 acres (4 km²) of valuable but historically preserved land in Ellicott City, Maryland.

paragraph: Section::::Carroll's signature.

paragraph: In the 1940s, newspaper journalist John Hix's syndicated comic "Strange as It Seems" published an interesting, but apocryphal, explanation for Charles Carroll's distinctive signature on the Declaration of Independence. Every member of the Continental Congress who signed this document automatically became a criminal, guilty of sedition against King George III. Carroll, because of his wealth, had more to lose than most of his companions. Some of the signators, such as Caesar Rodney and Button Gwinnett, had unusual and distinctive names which would clearly identify them to the King; other signators, with more commonplace names, might hope to sign the Declaration without incriminating themselves.

paragraph: According to Hix, when it was Carroll's turn to sign the Declaration of Independence, he rose, went to John Hancock's desk where the document rested, signed his name "Charles Carroll" and returned to his seat. At this point another member of the Continental Congress, who was prejudiced against Carroll because of his Catholicism, commented that Carroll risked nothing in signing the document, as there must be many men named Charles Carroll in the colonies, and so the King would be unlikely to order Carroll's arrest without clear proof that he was the same Charles Carroll who had signed the Declaration. Carroll immediately returned to Hancock's desk, seized the pen again, and added "of Carrollton" to his name.

paragraph: In fact, Carroll had been appending "of Carrollton" to his signature for over a decade, the earliest surviving example appearing at the end of a September 15, 1765, letter to his English friend William Gibson. Carrollton Manor was the name of a tract of more than twelve thousand acres in Frederick County, Maryland, which the Carroll family leased to tenant farmers.

paragraph: Section::::Carroll in fiction.

paragraph: Charles Carroll was portrayed by actor Terrence Currier in the 2004 film "National Treasure" with Nicolas Cage. He is accurately described as the last living signatory of the Declaration of Independence. Although the film does not explicitly state it, it is implied that Carroll died in Washington, D.C. It is inaccurately stated that Carroll was a Mason; historians of freemasonry agree that there is no evidence that he was, though his son (also named Charles Carroll) is known to have been a member. A scene which did not make the final cut of the film (but appears as a deleted scene on the DVD) shows then-President Jackson rushing out of the White House to find Carroll's body in a carriage. Unable to meet with Jackson in time, Carroll takes into his confidence his carriage driver, Thomas Gates, the great-great-great-great-grandfather of Nicolas Cage's character, Benjamin Franklin Gates. From Carroll, Thomas receives the last known clue to the Treasure of the Templar Knights.

paragraph: Carroll is mentioned in the movie "Gone with the Wind".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1840s Carrollton Inn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carrollton Manor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maryland in the American Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- O'Carroll

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birzer, Bradley J. (2010). "American Cicero: The Life of Charles Carroll," Intercollegiate Studies Institute.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Breidenbach, Michael D. (2013). 'Conciliarism and American Religious Liberty, 1632–1835' (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carroll, Charles. "Unpublished Letters of Charles Carroll of Carrollton and of his Father, Charles Carroll of Doughoregan," United States Catholic Historical Society, 1902.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leonard, Lewis A. "Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton," Moffat, Yard and Company, 1918.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rowland, Kate Mason. "The Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 1737–1832," Vol. 2, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1898.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sergeant, John. "Eulogy on Charles Carroll of Carrollton: Delivered at the Request of the Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia, December 31st, 1832," L.R. Bailey, 1833.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Ellen Hart. "Charles Carroll of Carrollton". Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1942.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: . Retrieved November 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quotes by Charles Carroll. Retrieved November 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charles Carroll of Carrollton and Revolutionary Religious Toleration: The Making of a Founder". Article by Matthew Wigler in the Journal of the American Revolution. Retrieved February 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Moment in Time Archives: Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Retrieved November 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Homewood House Museum. Retrieved November 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Research into Homewood House. Retrieved November 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856. Retrieved November 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ZENIT: How Charles Carroll Influenced U.S. Founding Fathers (Part 1) and (Part 2) (interview with Scott McDermott; McDermott mentions various facts about Carroll). Retrieved November 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Encyclopedia: Charles Carroll of Carrollton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Carroll of Carrollton historical marker

description: American planter and signatory of the Declaration of Independence

wikidata_label: Charles Carroll

wikipedia_title: Charles Carroll of Carrollton


text:
BMX
2011 Southeast Asian Games
Jakarta
Indonesia
2016 Summer Olympics
men's BMX
men's BMX
2016 Summer Olympics
dislocated shoulder
ligament

categories: People from Surakarta,Southeast Asian Games silver medalists for Indonesia,Cyclists at the 2014 Asian Games,Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Central Java,Southeast Asian Games medalists in cycling,Competitors at the 2011 Southeast Asian Games,Asian Games competitors for Indonesia,1991 births,Indonesian male cyclists,Living people,Olympic cyclists of Indonesia,Cyclists at the 2018 Asian Games

paragraph: Toni Syarifudin

paragraph: Toni Syarifudin (born 13 June 1991) is an Indonesian professional BMX racer. He has won silver at the 2011 Southeast Asian Games in Jakarta. Syarifudin also represented Indonesia at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's BMX event, being the first Indonesian to compete in the category.

paragraph: Section::::2016 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: Syarifudin qualified for the men's BMX category in the 2016 Summer Olympics, being the first Indonesian to compete in the discipline. During the heats, he crashed and injured himself during the second run, causing a dislocated shoulder and a torn ligament. He did not start the third run, and finished seventh overall in the second heat. He did not advance to the semi-finals.

wikidata_label: Toni Syarifudin

wikipedia_title: Toni Syarifudin


text:
Mandapeta
Andhra Pradesh
bullock cart
Varanasi
Hindu
King Edward VII
Annapurna

categories: 1909 deaths,Women educators from Andhra Pradesh,19th-century Indian women,1841 births,Educators from Andhra Pradesh,People from East Godavari district,Social workers from Andhra Pradesh

paragraph: Dokka Seethamma

paragraph: Dokka Seethamma (or Sithamma; 1841 – 1909) was an Indian woman who gained recognition by spending much of her life serving food for poor people and travellers.

paragraph: Seethamma was born in October 1841 in the then village of Mandapeta, in Andhra Pradesh, and lost her mother during her childhood. Dokka Joganna, a rich farmer, married her, and this allowed her to offer food to the poor, which she did for more than 40 years, much of it after her husband's death. At the end of her life, she gave away her possessions and hired a bullock cart driver to take her to Varanasi to die in accordance with her Hindu beliefs, but turned back and hastily cooked a meal with begged ingredients after hearing a family in the next room at the pilgrims' inn talking of being on their way to ask her for food.

paragraph: The British government recognized her charity, and King Edward VII invited her to the celebration of his anniversary along with other guests from India. He ordered the chief secretary of Madras to bring her to Delhi with honor, but Seethamma politely declined the invitation, saying that she was not providing her services for publicity. The Madras chief secretary instead gave King Edward a photograph of her, which he then enlarged to place on the chair where she was to sit during the celebration.

paragraph: Seethamma was honored as a Hindu saint and called "Apara Annapurna", a reincarnation of the goddess Annapurna. An aqueduct over the Vynateya river was named for her in 2000 and is marked with a bust depicting her.

wikidata_label: Dokka Seethamma

wikipedia_title: Dokka Seethamma


text: Auguste Vestris

text: Gaétan

text: Opéra de Paris

text: ballet master

text: King's Theatre

text: Lucia Elizabeth Bartolozzi

text: stage name

categories: Artists from Paris,French choreographers,19th-century French dancers,French ballet masters,1788 births

paragraph: Armand Vestris

paragraph: Auguste-Armand Vestris (1788 or 1786 or 1795 Paris – 17 May 1825, Vienna) was an early 19th-century French dancer and choreographer.

paragraph: The son of Auguste Vestris and (if the year of birth is 1795) dancer Anne-Catherine Augier, called Aimée (1777–1809), he studied dance with his grandfather Gaétan and made his first appearance on the stage of the Opéra de Paris at age four, alongside his father and his grandfather.

paragraph: He danced in Italy and in Portugal, then settled in London in 1809. A ballet master at King's Theatre from 1813 to 1816, he later moved to Vienna where he died.

paragraph: In 1813, he married Lucia Elizabeth Bartolozzi (1797-1856), who would become a famous singer, actress and theatre manager known under the stage name "Madame Vestris", whom he divorced in 1817.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armand Vestris dans le ballet de Macbeth, musique du Conte de Gallemberg

description: French choreographer

wikidata_label: Armand Vestris

wikipedia_title: Armand Vestris


text: Calgary

text: Dan Mangan

text: Arts & Crafts Productions

text: Nick Drake

text: "VICE"

text: Strange Prison

text: Hot Little Rocket

text: Arts & Crafts Productions

text: Strange Prison

text: You Carry A Sickness / Park Street

text: Arts & Crafts Productions

text: Controls (song)

text: What Are You Gonna Do With Yourself

text: Good People Rock

text: Arts & Crafts Productions

categories: Musicians from Calgary,Arts & Crafts Productions artists,Canadian male singers,Canadian singer-songwriters,Living people

paragraph: Matthew Swann (musician)

paragraph: Matthew Swann, performing under the name Astral Swans, is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Calgary, Alberta, signed to Dan Mangan's Madic Records, an imprint of Arts & Crafts Productions. His music style has been described as "introspective late 60s folk à la Nick Drake filtered through an avant-garde 90s lens." His 2015 album, "All My Favorite Singers Are Willie Nelson", was described by "VICE" as "a stark, beautiful project [...] steeped in 60s psych-folk mythology and loner punk iconography." His latest album, "Strange Prison", was released in May 2018. Previously Matthew Swann was a member of Hot Little Rocket and Extra Happy Ghost!!!

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "All My Favorite Singers Are Willie Nelson" (Madic Records / Arts & Crafts Productions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Strange Prison" (Saved By Vinyl / Tiny Room Records)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "You Carry A Sickness / Park Street" (Madic Records / Arts & Crafts Productions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Controls (song)" (Saved By Vinyl / Tiny Room Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "What Are You Gonna Do With Yourself" (Saved By Vinyl / Tiny Room Records)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "We Went to Europe and Conquered Death" (tour EP)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilation albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Good People Rock: A Yellow Bird Project Covers Compilation" (Madic Records / Arts & Crafts Productions)

description: musician

wikidata_label: Matthew Swann

wikipedia_title: Matthew Swann (musician)


text: New York City Police Department

text: Frank J. Farrell

text: New York Yankees

text: New York City

text: New York Court of Appeals

text: Theodore Roosevelt

text: Robert Mazet

text: Tammany Hall

text: Richard Croker

text: Lincoln Steffens

text: Police Commissioner

text: Michael C. Murphy

text: Seth Low

text: Frank J. Farrell

text: Baltimore, Maryland

text: American League

text: Highlanders

text: Jacob Ruppert, Jr.

text: Tillinghast L' Hommedieu Huston

text: apoplexy

text: Far Rockaway, New York

text: New York Yankees managers and ownership

categories: New York Yankees owners,1854 births,1919 deaths,Major League Baseball owners

paragraph: William Stephen Devery

paragraph: William Stephen "Big Bill" Devery (January 9, 1854 – June 20, 1919) was the last superintendent of the New York City Police Department police commission and the first police chief in 1898. Devery and Frank J. Farrell later co-owned the New York Yankees baseball team.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in New York City in 1854. In 1878, at age 24, he was hired as a patrolman. On September 16, 1881, he was made a roundsman, and on May 28, 1884, he was promoted to a sergeant. On December 30, 1891, after 13 years on the force, he was promoted to captain. As a police captain he once told his men, "They tell me there's a lot of grafting going on in this precinct. They tell me that you fellows are the fiercest ever on graft. Now that's going to stop! If there's any grafting to be done, I'll do it. Leave it to me." On February 5, 1897, he was arrested and charged with bribery and extortion. After conviction, he was dismissed from the force. He appealed his conviction in the New York Court of Appeals. It was overturned and he was reinstated to the force and promoted to inspector on January 7, 1898, and Deputy Chief on February 14, 1898. He was then appointed Chief of Police on June 30, 1898.

paragraph: In 1899, Theodore Roosevelt and Republican state legislators established a committee, headed by Robert Mazet, to investigate Tammany Hall corruption under the leadership of Richard Croker. Lincoln Steffens, a popular journalist of that time wrote of Devery, "As a Chief of Police, he is a disgrace, but as a character, he is a work of art."In 1901, the Police Department was re-organized again, and has been headed ever since by a Police Commissioner. The first Commissioner Michael C. Murphy appointed Devery as his Deputy Commissioner. Both Murphy and Devery went out of office on January 1, 1902, when Seth Low became Mayor of New York.

paragraph: Later, with Frank J. Farrell, he bought the Baltimore, Maryland American League baseball team and moved it to New York and renamed it the Highlanders. The team almost won the American League pennant in 1904, but otherwise had poor records during the Farrell-Devery ownership era. For $300K, they sold the team in 1915 to Jacob Ruppert, Jr. and Tillinghast L' Hommedieu Huston.

paragraph: He died on June 20, 1919 at 4:15 p.m. of apoplexy in Far Rockaway, New York.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Yankees managers and ownership

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Stephen Devery articles in New York Times

alias:
William S. Devery
William Devery

description: American police commissioner and baseball team owner

wikidata_label: William Stephen Devery

wikipedia_title: William Stephen Devery


text: Polish

text: Zemsta

text: Aleksander Fredro

text: Vilna

text: Russian Empire

text: Warsaw University of Technology

text: Stefan Batory University

text: Polish Radio

text: Polska Agencja Telegraficzna

text: newsreel

text: feature film

text: Zazdrość i medycyna

text: Michał Choromański

text: Invasion of Poland (1939)

text: World War II

text: Home Army

text: Warsaw Uprising

text: Warszawa walczy

text: Polish Film Chronicle

text: Kraków

text: film school

text: Łódź

text: National Film School

text: Brussels

text: Antoni Bohdziewicz

text: Bohdziewicz, Antoni

categories: 1970 deaths,People from Vilna Governorate,Polish screenwriters,Polish film directors,Warsaw University of Technology alumni,1906 births,People from Vilnius,Armia Krajowa members

paragraph: Antoni Bohdziewicz

paragraph: Antoni Bohdziewicz (September 11, 1906 – October 20, 1970) was a Polish screenplay writer and director, best known for his 1956 adaptation of "Zemsta" by Aleksander Fredro.

paragraph: Bohdziewicz was born in the city of Vilna (modern Vilnius), then part of the Russian Empire. In 1928, he graduated from the Technical Faculty of the Warsaw University of Technology and was simultaneously studying at the Faculty of Humanities of the Stefan Batory University. In 1928, he became a speaker at the newly established branch of the Polish Radio in his native city. In 1931 however he obtained a state scholarship and left for France. In Paris he joined the prestigious "Ecole Technique de Photographie et de Cinématographie", where he also made his first documentaries.

paragraph: In 1935, he returned to Poland and worked as a journalist and cameraman for the state-owned Polska Agencja Telegraficzna Film Chronicle (PAT), the most popular newsreel in Poland. He also worked as a journalist and columnist for the "Pion" weekly. In late 1930s he made numerous documentaries for the PAT agency, as well as for the SAF film studio. In 1939, he began working on his first feature film "Zazdrość i medycyna", based on a novel by Michał Choromański. However, the shooting was interrupted by the outbreak of the Invasion of Poland (1939).

paragraph: During World War II he was an active member of the Home Army and collaborated with the Bureau of Information and Propaganda as the head of the photo and film department. In 1943, he also started a "Tres" photographic studio in Warsaw, which became a clandestine outpost of the Home Army. During the Warsaw Uprising he became the head of the group of cameramen to prepare daily newsreels and was one of the people to prepare "Warszawa walczy", a documentary filmed and shown entirely in besieged Warsaw.

paragraph: After the war he continued his career in the same role and became one of the first members of the Polish Film Chronicle (PKF) company. Working in Kraków, already in March 1945 he started a Film Atelier for the Youth, the first film school to be opened in Poland after the end of the German occupation. In December of that year he converted his atelier into a regular study, which became a direct predecessor of the Kraków Film School. In 1948 he moved to Łódź, where he became the chairman of the Department of Direction of the National Film School. In that role he became a teacher of several generations of Polish film directors.

paragraph: He also remained an active director himself. His first film, "2*2=4", was released already in 1945 and was among the first feature films to be shot in Poland after World War II. Between 1956 and 1962 Bohdziewicz served as an artistic director of the "Droga Film Team" and then the TOR Film Studio (1968–1970). Simultaneously he was also a teacher at the Brussels-based "Institut National Supérieur des Arts du Spectacle". He died October 20, 1970 in Warsaw.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antoni Bohdziewicz at Filmpolski.pl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bohdziewicz, Antoni at the wiem.onet.pl encyclopaedia

description: Screenplay Writer and Director

wikidata_label: Antoni Bohdziewicz

wikipedia_title: Antoni Bohdziewicz


text: geometer

text: Gerbaldi's theorem

text: University of Turin

text: Enrico D'Ovidio

text: University of Palermo

text: Giovanni Guccia

text: Giuseppe Bagnera

text: Michele De Franchis

text: Pasquale Calapso

text: Michele Cipolla

text: University of Pavia

text: quadric

text: Valentiner group

categories: 20th-century Italian mathematicians,1934 deaths,19th-century Italian mathematicians,1858 births,Italian mathematicians

paragraph: Francesco Gerbaldi

paragraph: Francesco Gerbaldi (29 July 1858, La Spezia, Italy – 29 June 1934, Pavia, Italy) was an Italian geometer, who proved Gerbaldi's theorem.

paragraph: Gerbaldi studied at the University of Turin with "laurea" in 1879 and then became there an assistant to Enrico D'Ovidio. After further study in Germany, he was in Pavia and Rome before being appointed a professor at the University of Palermo. He was a colleague of Giovanni Guccia, the founder of the Circolo Matematico di Palermo. Guccia and Gerbaldi enhanced the reputation of the Faculty of Mathematics of the University of Palermo by recruiting Giuseppe Bagnera, Michele De Franchis, Pasquale Calapso and Michele Cipolla. In 1908 Gerbaldi moved to the University of Pavia, where he remained until his retirement in 1931 due to ill health.

paragraph: He is known for what is now called Gerbaldi's theorem, the construction of six pairwise apolar linearly independent nondegenerate ternary quadratic forms (the lowest dimensional quadrics). Later he studied the symmetry group of these six quadrics and found that it is isomorphic to the Valentiner group.

paragraph: In 1897 in Zürich, Gerbaldi was an Invited Speaker at the first International Congress of Mathematicians.

description: geometer

wikidata_label: Francesco Gerbaldi

wikipedia_title: Francesco Gerbaldi


text:
ice hockey
goaltender
Herning Blue Fox
Metal Ligaen
Frans Nielsen
Detroit Red Wings

categories: Danish ice hockey players,Hokki players,People from Herning Municipality,AaB Ishockey players,Herning Blue Fox players,Living people,1986 births,Rødovre Mighty Bulls players,Kassel Huskies players,SaPKo players,Amarillo Gorillas players,Lørenskog IK players,Lukko players

paragraph: Simon Nielsen (ice hockey)

paragraph: Simon Nielsen (born 27 October 1986) is a Danish ice hockey professional goaltender who currently plays for Herning Blue Fox in the Metal Ligaen.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Simon is the younger brother of Frans Nielsen, who plays forward for the Detroit Red Wings.

description: Danish ice hockey goaltender

wikidata_label: Simon Nielsen

wikipedia_title: Simon Nielsen (ice hockey)


text: St. Petersburg

text: Moscow

text: Union of Liberation

text: Constitutional Democratic Party

text: Russian Provisional Government

text: NKVD

text: V.I. Gurko

categories: People from Saint Petersburg,1861 births,Ministers of the Russian Provisional Government,Saint Petersburg State University alumni,Members of the State Duma (Russian Empire),Executed people from Saint Petersburg,Russian people executed by the Soviet Union,1939 deaths,Russian Constitutional Democratic Party members

paragraph: Dmitry Shakhovskoy

paragraph: Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shakhovskoy (1861, St. Petersburg – 1939, Moscow) was a Russian liberal politician.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Active participant in zemstvo congresses, 1904–1905; one of the organizers of the Union of Liberation.

paragraph: One of the founders and permanent member of the Central Committee of the Constitutional Democratic Party. Member and secretary of the Cadet group in the First State Duma.

paragraph: In May–July 1917 he was Minister of Social Welfare in the Russian Provisional Government.

paragraph: After the Bolshevik revolution he was active in Soviet cooperative institutions, 1930. He was arrested by the NKVD and executed on 15 April 1939.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V.I. Gurko. Features And Figures Of The Past. Government And Opinion In The Reign Of Nicholas II.

description: Russian politician

wikidata_label: Dmitry Shakhovskoy

wikipedia_title: Dmitry Shakhovskoy


text: bandit

text: Mississippi River

text: horse theft

text: Circuit Court

text: Madison County, Tennessee

text: incarcerated

text: Tennessee State Penitentiary in Nashville

text: Lunenburg County, Virginia

text: Williamson County, Tennessee

text: Denmark, Tennessee

text: horse theft

text: Circuit Court

text: Madison County, Tennessee

text: incarcerated

text: blacksmith

text: convict

text: prison uniforms

text: lockstep

text: solitary confinement

text: Pikeville, Tennessee

text: Methodist

text: carpenter

text: boarding house

text: tuberculosis

text: Smyrna, Tennessee

text: skull

text: Tennessee State Museum

text: conductor

text: Reverse Underground Railroad

text: highwaymen

text: Haitian Revolution

text: New Orleans

text: Vicksburg, Mississippi

text: land-pirate

text: Mississippi River

text: Mystic Clan

text: Melungeon

text: Redbone

text: bushwhacker

text: Natchez Trace

text: Natchez, Mississippi

text: Devil's Punch Bowl

text: Tunica County, Mississippi

text: Neutral Ground in Louisiana

text: Island 37

text: Georgia

text: Atlanta

text: Franklin Garrett

text: Murrell's Row

text: Natchez Trace

text: antebellum era

text: New Orleans

text: Chicot County, Arkansas

text: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

text: Injun Joe

text: Tom Sawyer

text: Huckleberry Finn

text: Jorge Luis Borges

text: A Universal History of Iniquity

text: Bible character

text: Virginia City

text: Humphrey Bogart

text: American Civil War

text: Eudora Welty

text: highwayman

text: Natchez Trace

text: Riverboat

text: NBC

text: Debra Paget

text: The Adventures of Jim Bowie

text: Donald Randolph

text: James Westerfield

text: Gary Jennings

text: John Wray

text: Coin collector

text: Honey Island

text: Natchez Trace

text: Davy Crockett

text: Mike Fink

text: Samuel Mason

text: Harpe Brothers

text: Davy Crockett and the River Pirates

text: Friedrich Gerstäcker

text: Aaron and Adam Nee

text: Band of Robbers

text: Mark Twain

text: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

text: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: John Crenshaw

text: James Ford (pirate)

text: Botkin, B.A.

text: Vanderbilt University

text: University of Missouri Press

text: Twain, Mark

text: Wellman, Paul L.

text: Wyatt-Brown, Bertram

text: National Police Gazette

text: John A. Murrell - Notorious Outlaw

categories: Crime families,1844 deaths,American outlaws,1806 births,American criminals,Prisoners and detainees of Tennessee,American slave traders,19th-century deaths from tuberculosis,19th-century American criminals,American blacksmiths,American prisoners and detainees,Outlaw gangs in the United States,Criminals from Tennessee,People from Lunenburg County, Virginia,People from Williamson County, Tennessee

paragraph: John Murrell (bandit)

paragraph: John Andrews Murrell (1806 – November 21, 1844), the "Great Western Land Pirate" also known as John A. Murrell and commonly spelled as Murel and Murrel, was a bandit and criminal operating in the United States, along the Mississippi River, in the 19th century. Murrell had his first criminal conviction, for horse theft, as a teenager and was branded with an "HT", flogged, and sentenced to six years in prison. He was released in 1829. Murrell was convicted a second and final time, for the crime of slave stealing, in the Circuit Court of Madison County, Tennessee, and incarcerated in the Tennessee State Penitentiary in Nashville from 1834 to 1844.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: According to Tennessee prison records, John Andrews Murrell was born in Lunenburg County, Virginia, and raised in Williamson County, Tennessee. Murrell was the son of Jeffrey Murrell and Zilpha Andrews and was the third born of eight children. While incarcerated, his mother, wife, and two children lived in the vicinity of Denmark, Tennessee.

paragraph: Section::::Punishment and imprisonment.

paragraph: John A. Murrell had his first criminal conviction, for horse theft, as a teenager and was branded on the base of his thumb with an "HT" for horse thief, flogged, and sentenced to six years in prison. He was released in 1829. Murrell was convicted a second and final time, for the crime of slave stealing, in the Circuit Court of Madison County, Tennessee, and incarcerated in the Tennessee State Penitentiary in Nashville from 1834 to 1844.

paragraph: While in the Tennessee State Penitentiary, Murrell, as part of his reform, was required to work as a blacksmith. A decade in prison under the Auburn penitentiary system, of mandatory convict regimentation, through prison uniforms, lockstep, silence, and occasional solitary confinement, broke Murrell mentally and supposedly left him an imbecile. He spent the last months of his life as a blacksmith in Pikeville, Tennessee. The "Nashville Daily American" newspaper mentioned a different account of his last year of life, that, upon his release from prison, at 38 years old, he became a reformed man, a Methodist in good standing, was a carpenter by trade, and lived at a boarding house in Pikeville

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In a deathbed confession, Murrell admitted to being guilty of most of the crimes charged against him except murder, to which he claimed to be "guiltless". John A. Murrell died on November 21, 1844, just nine months after leaving prison, having contracted "pulmonary consumption", now known as tuberculosis. Murrell was interred at Smyrna First United Methodist Church Cemetery, in Smyrna, Tennessee. After Murrell died, parts of him were dug up and stolen by grave robbers. Although the corpse had been half-eaten by scavenging hogs, the head was separated from the torso, pickled, and displayed at county fairs. His skull is missing, but one of his thumbs is in the possession of the Tennessee State Museum.*

paragraph: Section::::Accepted claims.

paragraph: Accepted facts about his life include stealing horses, for which he was branded. He was also caught with a freed slave living on his property. Murrell was known to kidnap slaves and sell them to other slave owners. He received his 10-year prison sentence for slave-stealing. Murrell would be considered a conductor on the Reverse Underground Railroad.

paragraph: Section::::Accepted claims.:"The Murrell Excitement".

paragraph: In 1835, Virgil Stewart wrote an account of a slave rebellion plot sponsored by highwaymen and Northern Abolitionists. On Christmas Day, 1835, Murrell and his "Mystic Clan" planned to incite an uprising in every slaveholding state by invoking the image of the Haitian Revolution, the most successful slave rebellion in history. In rising up against Southern whites, the slaves involved in Murrell's conspiracy would cause enough chaos to allow Murrell to take over the South, with New Orleans as the center of operations of his criminal empire. Stewart's account of his interactions with Murrell was published as a pamphlet, and Stewart wrote the pamphlet under the pseudonym of "Augustus Q. Walton, Esq.," for whom he invented a fictitious background and profession. The validity of the pamphlet has been debated since its publication. Some historians assert that Stewart's pamphlet was largely fictional and that Murrell (and his brothers) were at best inept thieves, having bankrupted their father over the years for bail money.

paragraph: However, many of the claims made in the pamphlet were believed at the time in some parts of the South, and led to the "Murrell Excitement". During this time, there was increased tension between the races and between locals and outsiders. On July 4, 1835, there were disturbances in the red-light districts of Nashville, Memphis, and Natchez, and twenty slaves and ten white men were hanged after confessing to complicity in Murrell's plot. On July 6 in Vicksburg, Mississippi, an angry mob decided to expel all professional gamblers from the town, based on a rumor that the gamblers were part of the plot. The gamblers resisted, and as a result, five gamblers were hanged by the mob. Similar panic surrounding Murrell and his conspiracy spread throughout the South long after his death, with cities from Huntsville, Alabama to New Orleans, Louisiana creating committees dedicated to identifying Murrell's conspirators and potential signs of slave rebellion.

paragraph: Section::::Disputed claims.

paragraph: Murrell was known as a "land-pirate", using the Mississippi River as a base for his operations. He used a network of anywhere from 300 to 1,000, and even as much as 2,500 (as some newspaper reports claimed) fellow bandits collectively known as the Mystic Clan to pull off his escapades. Many of these were members of cultural/ethnic groups such as the Melungeons and the Redbones. He was also known as a bushwhacker along the Natchez Trace. To cover up his misdeeds, he played the persona of a traveling preacher. Twain's work and others say he would preach to a congregation while his gang stole the horses outside. However, the accounts are unanimous that Murrell's horse was always left behind. The location of his hideout and operations base has been in question. Possibilities are Jackson County, Tennessee; Natchez, Mississippi, at Devil's Punch Bowl; Tunica County, Mississippi; the Neutral Ground in Louisiana; and even the tiny Island 37 on the Mississippi River. One record, a genealogical note, even places him as far east as Georgia; in fact Atlanta historian Franklin Garrett makes it clear there was a lawless district in that town named for him, "Murrell's Row," in the 1840s. Because Murrell has come to symbolize Natchez Trace lawlessness in the antebellum era, it is understandable that his "hideouts" (whether there were any hideouts or not) have been said to have been located at most of the well-known areas of particular lawlessness along the Natchez Trace.

paragraph: Just before he was apprehended, he was about to spearhead a slave revolt in New Orleans in an attempt to take over the city and install himself as a sort of potentate of Louisiana. Some say he began to plot his takeover of New Orleans in 1841, although he was in the sixth year of a ten-year sentence in the prison at Nashville at the time, and Stewart had already published his account of Murrell's plot in 1835. Others say he was in operation from 1835 to 1857; he was in prison for ten of those years and died of tuberculosis in 1844 shortly thereafter.

paragraph: A stream in Chicot County, Arkansas, called Whiskey Chute is named for his raid on a whiskey-carrying steamboat that was sunk after it was pillaged. It was named such in 1855. We know from Record Group 25, "Prison Records for the Main Prison at Nashville, Tennessee, 1831-1922," that Murrell was born in 1806, most likely in Williamson County, Tennessee.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", Injun Joe finds Murel's treasure, which Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn claim in the end.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was fictionalized by Jorge Luis Borges in "The Cruel Redeemer Lazarus Morell", written between 1933 and 1934 and published in "A Universal History of Iniquity" in 1935. It is speculation that Borges adapted the last name from Twain; and as Twain did not have a first name for the bandit, Borges used Lazarus, many believe as an allusion to the Bible character of the same first name who was raised from the dead by Jesus, symbolizing a second life (which, in a purely ironic way, Borges' Lazarus Morrell provided for the slaves he freed).

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was fictionalized in the movie "Virginia City" (1940), being played by Humphrey Bogart as the leader of a gang of "banditos" during the American Civil War of the early 1860s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Eudora Welty short story "A Still Moment," collected in "The Wide Net and Other Stories" (1943), features a renowned highwayman named James Murrell encountered along the Natchez Trace.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was fictionalized in Episode 5 of Riverboat on U.S. television network NBC. The episode was first broadcast on October 11, 1959. In the show, he was a riverboat captain who planned to hijack another riverboat and planned to do so by planting an alluring agent (played by Debra Paget) as a dancing girl on his vessel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was fictionalized in Episode 20, Season 2 of The Adventures of Jim Bowie (1958) titled "Pirate on Horseback." In the episode, Jim Bowie pretends to be a criminal in order to gain Murrell's trust, played by Donald Randolph. Murrell is presented as the leader of "The Brotherhood," planning to overthrow the U.S. Government, and receives his guidance from Heaven.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was fictionalized as a featured character both in Robert Lewis Taylor's "The Travels of Jamie McPheeters" and on the 1963 television showed based on it, where he was portrayed by James Westerfield.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sow the Seeds of Hemp", a 1976 novel by Gary Jennings, is a fictionalized account of the pursuit of John Murrell by Virgil Stewart, told from Stewart's point of view.

paragraph: BULLET::::- American novelist John Wray's novel entitled "Canaan's Tongue" uses Murrell and his bandits for an allegorical look at the United States, belief, and power.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His escapades have inspired numerous rumors about the location of his treasure. One claim is that it is buried in the Devil's Punch Bowl. Coin collectors say it is on Honey Island in Louisiana.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His ghost reportedly appears from time to time on the Natchez Trace. The Devil's Punch Bowl is said to be the site of the haunting of members of his gang.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walt Disney's Davy Crockett has Crockett and Mike Fink fighting off an attack by a Murrell-type outlaw, wearing a mustache, who is referred to as Samuel Mason, and joined by the Harpe Brothers in Davy Crockett and the River Pirates, 1956.

paragraph: BULLET::::- German author Friedrich Gerstäcker used accounts of Murrell's operations for his books "Die Regulatoren von Arkansas" (The Arkansas Regulators) of 1846 and "Die Flusspiraten des Mississippi" (The Mississippi River Pirates) of 1847.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murrell's treasure forms the central motive in the 2015 Aaron and Adam Nee film "Band of Robbers", loosely based on Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Crenshaw

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Ford (pirate)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Block, Lawrence. "Gangsters, swindlers, killers, and thieves: the lives and crimes of fifty American villains". Oxford University Press US, 2004, , 9780195169522.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burroughs, Stephen. "Memoirs of the notorious Stephen Burroughs". C. Gaylord, 1835.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Botkin, B.A. "A Treasury of Mississippi River folklore: stories, ballads & traditions of the mid-American river country". Crown Publishers, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hall, Elihu Nicholas. "Anna's War Against River Pirates and Cave Bandits of John A. Murrell's Northern Dive". Unpublished manuscripts in S.I.U. Rare Book Collections. Revised and published as "Ballads From the Bluffs". 1948.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry, Hollow Meadoes. "The police control of the slave in South Carolina". Vanderbilt University, 1914.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penick, James L. "The great western land pirate: John A. Murrell in legend and history". Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phares, Ross. "Reverend Devil: Master Criminal of the Old South". Gretna, LA: Publisher Pelican Publishing, 1941.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rothman, Joshua D. "Flush Times and Fever Dreams: A Story of Capitalism and Slavery in the Age of Jackson". University of Georgia Press, 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sandlin, Lee. "Wicked River: The Mississippi When It Last Ran Wild". Pantheon, 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Thomas Ruys. "Independence Day, 1835: The John A. Murrell Conspiracy and the Lynching of the Vicksburg Gamblers in Literature," "The Mississippi Quarterly"*. Volume: 59. Issue: 1-2. Publication Date: Winter, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stewart, Virgil A. "The history of Virgil A. Stewart: and his adventure in capturing and exposing the great "western land pirate" and his gang, in connexion with the evidence; also of the trials, confessions, and execution of a number of Murrell's associates in the state of Mississippi during the summer of 1835, and the execution of five professional gamblers by the citizens of Vicksburg, on the 6th July, 1835" New York, NY: Harper and Brothers, 1836.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Twain, Mark. "Life on the Mississippi". Harper, 1883.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walton, Augustus Q. "A history of the detection, conviction, life and designs of John A. Murel, the great western land pirate.". Athens, TN: G. White, 1835.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wellman, Paul L. "Spawn of Evil". Doubleday and Company, 1964.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. "Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South". Oxford University Press, New York, 1982, , 978-0-19-503119-5.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Police Gazette, eds. "The Life and Adventures of John A. Murrell, the Great Western Land Pirate," "National Police Gazette". H. Long and Brother, 1847.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pictorial Life and Adventures of John A. Murrell, the Great Western Land Pirate: With Twenty-one Large Spirited Engravings "Murrell!" "Hare!" and "Turpin" series!". Philadelphia, PA: T. B. Peterson and brothers, 1849.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John A. Murrell - Notorious Outlaw

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Murrell Gang" John A. Murrell & Daniel Crenshaw West Tennessee's Local Bandits

paragraph: BULLET::::- Report of Murrell's treasure at Honey Island

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Great Western Land Pirate, Again" by William Edward Henry

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Robber John Murrell and his Famous Hideouts

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Strange Story Behind the State's Thumb

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Life and Adventures of John A. Murrell, the Great Western Land Pirate

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Detection, Conviction, Life and Designs of John A. Murrell, the Great Western Land Pirate

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How Missing Court Records Created a Folk Legend from Nashville’s Wild Past"

alias:
John A. Murrell
John Murel
John Murrel
John Andrews Murrell

description: American bandit

wikidata_label: John Murrell

wikipedia_title: John Murrell (bandit)


text:
Nahuatl
Mexica
Tenochtitlan
Aztec Empire
Crónica mexicayotl
Tezcatlan Miyahuatzin
Acamapichtli
tlatoani
Huitzilihuitl
List of Tenochtitlan rulers

paragraph: Acacitli

paragraph: Acacitli (Nahuatl for "reed hare"; ) was a Mexica chief and one of the "founding fathers" of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire.

paragraph: According to the "Crónica mexicayotl", his daughter Tezcatlan Miyahuatzin was married to Acamapichtli, the first "tlatoani" of Tenochtitlan, and gave birth to King Huitzilihuitl.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Tenochtitlan rulers

description: Aztec nobility

wikidata_label: Acacitli

wikipedia_title: Acacitli


text:
William of Orange
James II
Glorious Revolution
Major-General
Jacobite
Scotland
Viscount Dundee
Thomas Buchan
Kirkcudbright
Galloway
Covenanter
Ulster
Scots Brigade
William of Orange
James II
Monmouth
Duke of Somerset
Torbay
the Glorious Revolution
Richard Leveson
Williamite War in Ireland
Viscount Dundee
County Antrim
Kintyre
Melfort
Thomas Buchan
siege of Derry
Duart
Battle of Killiecrankie
Lochiel
Lord Dunfermline
the Duke of Berwick
Siege of Derry
Stirling Castle
Battle of Dunkeld
Battle of Cromdale
Kenneth Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Seaforth
Le Havre
George Lockhart

categories: Year of birth unknown,1640 births,Year of death unknown,Jacobite military personnel of the Williamite War in Ireland,Scottish soldiers

paragraph: Alexander Cannon

paragraph: Alexander Cannon, also spelt Cannan, was a professional Scots soldier in the second half of the 17th century, who served in the armies of William of Orange and James II.

paragraph: He remained loyal to James at the 1688 Glorious Revolution, accompanied him into exile and was appointed Major-General of Jacobite forces in Scotland after the death of Viscount Dundee in July 1689. He was replaced by Thomas Buchan in early 1690 but served as his subordinate until both were given safe passage to France in 1692. Little is known of his later career; he was mentioned as still being in Jacobite service in 1708 and died sometime after that.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Alexander Cannon or Cannan was born in Kirkcudbright, in the western province of Galloway; his family were members of the small Scottish Catholic community and in 1640 when Alexander was born, they were recorded as 'delinquents' by the Covenanter government that ruled Scotland.

paragraph: Details of his background are scarce but the Cannan or Cannon family owned properties at Arnmannoch and Knocklea. This makes it likely they were involved in trading cattle between Ulster and Galloway, which may account for Alexander being referred to as 'Irish' by some writers.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Cannon spent much of his career in the Scots Brigade, a unit in Dutch service under William of Orange; despite the name, for much of this period it contained three English and three Scottish regiments. In July 1680, he became Colonel of one of the English regiments and accompanied it to England in 1685 when the Brigade was sent to help James II suppress the Monmouth rebellion. The revolt quickly collapsed and the Brigade returned to the Netherlands without seeing action but Cannon remained and in August 1685, he was appointed Lt-Colonel of the newly formed Queen Consort's Light Dragoons, the Duke of Somerset filling the largely ceremonial post of Colonel.

paragraph: In August 1687, Cannon succeeded Somerset as Colonel when the Duke fell from favour and was with James when William landed at Torbay on 5 November 1688, in the invasion known as the Glorious Revolution. The Royal army simply changed sides, including the majority of Cannon's regiment; he went into exile with James and on 31 December 1688, Richard Leveson replaced him as Colonel.

paragraph: In March 1689, Cannon accompanied James when he landed in Ireland in an attempt to regain his throne, initiating the Williamite War in Ireland. A simultaneous rising in Scotland was launched by Viscount Dundee; this relied on support from Jacobite-controlled areas in County Antrim, which was far more difficult after the loss of Kintyre in May.

paragraph: On 27 June 1689, Dundee wrote to Melfort, James' Secretary of State, asking for 3,000 to 5,000 troops and munitions of various kinds. However, this was impacted by the factional struggle between Jacobite Compounders and Non-Compounders who were reluctant to divert resources needed in Ireland. The Non-Compounders sought to replace Dundee with Thomas Buchan but he was needed for the siege of Derry.

paragraph: Instead, Cannon and 300 men were ferried across the Irish Sea in small boats, landing at Duart on 21 July and reaching Blair Castle on 26 July in time for the Battle of Killiecrankie, where Dundee was killed in the closing stages. Cannon assumed command but contemporaries like Lochiel considered him a poor choice, handicapped by his unfamiliarity with Highland customs and inability to speak Gaelic. Lochiel later claimed he also spent much of his time drinking with Lord Dunfermline, although heavy drinking was hardly unusual in this period.

paragraph: Victory at Killiecrankie did little to change the strategic position; in February 1690, Buchan and Lochiel mirrored Dundee's letter of June 1689 by requesting money, weapons plus 4,000 foot and 1,000 cavalry. These demands were unrealistic, while the lack of support from theScotiish nobility led to a request that James' illegitimate son the Duke of Berwick be appointed leader. Obtaining supplies still required access to a major port; since the Royal Navy had re-established control over the Irish Sea by breaking the Siege of Derry, Cannon headed for Aberdeenshire, an area dominated by the Catholic Gordons and an Episcopalian and Royalist stronghold since the 1630s.

paragraph: However, an advance on Edinburgh was blocked by Stirling Castle which the Jacobites failed to capture in 1746 with considerably better siege equipment, while lack of cavalry made them vulnerable in the open. Even experienced leaders like Dundee found it hard to keep a Highland army in the field, while the increase in numbers after Killiecrankie to 4,000 – 5,000 did not necessarily improve fighting capacity. Supplying a force of this size was far more difficult and the new recruits included many like the MacGregors who saw it primarily as an opportunity for raiding.

paragraph: Once Cannon was prevented from reaching Aberdeen, his options were limited; the Battle of Dunkeld on 21 August makes little strategic sense since Highland tactics were unsuited to urban warfare and they were repulsed with heavy losses. The Jacobite army now effectively disbanded itself by going home while Cannon and his remaining Irish troops spent the winter on the Island of Mull. In February 1690, Thomas Buchan assumed command but their force of 800 men were scattered at the Battle of Cromdale in May, although Cannon, Buchan and several others escaped. They now retraced Cannon's route the previous year by heading for Aberdeenshire and managed to assemble several hundred men but lacked the means to attack Aberdeen itself, while the government army continued to pursue him and his forces once more dwindled away.

paragraph: Effective Jacobite resistance ceased with the surrender of Kenneth Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Seaforth; Cannon and Buchan took refuge first in Mull, then Lochaber, where they were protected by the MacDonald chief Glengarry. After the Highland chiefs swore allegiance to the new government in January 1692, Cannon and Buchan were given safe conduct passes to leave Scotland, landing at Le Havre in April.

paragraph: Details of his later life are scarce but the exiled Jacobite politician and agent George Lockhart records being accompanied by Cannon on a visit to Scotland in March 1708.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

description: Scottish soldier

wikidata_label: Alexander Cannon

wikipedia_title: Alexander Cannon


text:
Gothic
Vandal kingdom
North Africa
Gelimer
Sardinia
Justinian I
Byzantine emperor
Tzazo
Procopius
Cagliari
Belisarius
Caputvada
restoring North Africa
defeated
Carthage

categories: 533 deaths,Medieval rebels,6th-century Gothic people,Ancient Sardinia,Kings of Sardinia,Year of birth unknown,6th-century Kings of Sardinia,Gothic warriors,Monarchs killed in action

paragraph: Godas

paragraph: Godas (died 533) was a Gothic nobleman of the Vandal kingdom in North Africa. King Gelimer of the Vandals made him governor of the Vandalic province of Sardinia, but Godas stopped forwarding the taxes he collected and declared himself ruler of Sardinia.

paragraph: In 533, he began communicating with Justinian I, Byzantine emperor, as an independent sovereign, clearly with the intent of creating his own principality out of the island of Sardinia. In reaction, Gelimer sent a large army composed of most of the available army in Africa to Sardinia under his brother Tzazo to put down the rebellion. According to Procopius, Tzazo landed at Cagliari and immediately captured the city, killing Godas and the soldiers with him. A military expedition sent to support him by Justinian failed to reach Godas in time.

paragraph: Godas' revolt proved fatal to the Vandal kingdom; for while Tzazo was away with the bulk of the Vandal forces, a Byzantine army commanded by Belisarius landed unopposed near Caputvada with the intention of restoring North Africa to the Byzantine Empire. Belisarius then defeated the remaining Vandal troops and captured Carthage before Gelimer summoned Tzazo back home.

description: Gothic nobleman

wikidata_label: Godas

wikipedia_title: Godas


text: Leicestershire

text: Lancastrian

text: Elizabeth Woodville

text: King Edward IV of England

text: Lady Jane Grey

text: 6th Baroness Ferrers of Groby

text: Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn

text: Baron Ferrers of Groby

text: John Bourchier

text: Baron Ferrers of Groby

text: Thomas

text: Baron Grey of Groby

text: Henry Grey (c.1547–1614)

text: Elizabeth Woodville

text: Richard Woodville

text: Jacquetta of Luxembourg

text: Thomas

text: Marquess of Dorset

text: Richard

text: Richard III

text: Second Battle of St Albans

text: Lancastrian

text: Edward IV

text: Yorkist

text: Groby

text: Groby Old Hall

text: Groby Castle

text: Bradgate House

categories: Medieval English knights,Grey family,1461 deaths,Year of birth uncertain,People from Groby,1432 births

paragraph: John Grey of Groby

paragraph: Sir John Grey, of Groby, Leicestershire (c. 1432 – 17 February 1461) was a Lancastrian knight, the first husband of Elizabeth Woodville who later married King Edward IV of England, and great-great-grandfather of Lady Jane Grey.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: Grey was the son and heir of Elizabeth Ferrers, 6th Baroness Ferrers of Groby (1419–1483) and of Sir Edward Grey (c. 1415–1457), a son of Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn. His father was summoned to parliament as Baron Ferrers of Groby in right of his wife. After the death of Grey's father his stepfather, John Bourchier, assumed his wife's title, Baron Ferrers of Groby.

paragraph: As Grey would predecease his mother, Lady Ferrers, the title of Baron Ferrers of Groby would pass to his eldest son and heir, Thomas. Grey was never summoned to Parliament. Another title, Baron Grey of Groby was created 21 July 1603 for his direct descendant, Henry Grey (c.1547–1614).

paragraph: Section::::Wife and children.

paragraph: About 1454, Sir John Grey married Elizabeth Woodville, the eldest daughter of Richard Woodville, and Jacquetta of Luxembourg. They had two sons, Thomas, later Marquess of Dorset, born in 1455, and Richard, born in 1457. Richard was aged about 26 when executed on the orders of Richard III in June 1483.  In 1491, his widow, by then Queen Dowager, became the co-heiress of her brother, Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers. She died a year later.

paragraph: Section::::Death at the battle of St Albans.

paragraph: Sir John Grey was killed in the Second Battle of St Albans in 1461, fighting for the Lancastrian cause. His widow, Dame Elizabeth Grey, later secretly married Edward IV who was the successful Yorkist claimant to the throne.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Groby

paragraph: BULLET::::- Groby Old Hall

paragraph: BULLET::::- Groby Castle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bradgate House

alias:
John Grey
Sir John Grey

description: Lancastrian knight

wikidata_label: Sir John Grey of Groby

wikipedia_title: John Grey of Groby


text: Hisai-shi

text: Tsu

text: Mie Prefecture

text: Tokyo Imperial University

text: agricultural engineering

text: Tokyo Imperial University

text: arable land

text: reclamation

text: 1923 Great Kantō earthquake

text: cerebral hemorrhage

text: Aoyama Cemetery

text: Hachikō

text: Aoyama Cemetery

text: Tokyo

text: Japan

text: Shibuya Station

text: University of Tokyo

text: Taitō

text: Aoyama Cemetery

text: Aoyama Cemetery

text: Hachikō Monogatari

categories: Japanese agricultural scientists,1871 births,People from Mie Prefecture,University of Tokyo alumni,1925 deaths

paragraph: Hidesaburō Ueno

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: He was born in January 19, 1872 in Hisai-shi (present-day Tsu), Mie Prefecture. In 1895, he graduated from Tokyo Imperial University's agriculture department, and in the same year, he entered graduate school to study agricultural engineering and farm implement research. He finished his graduate work on July 10, 1900, and he began teaching at Tokyo Imperial University, as an assistant professor. In 1902, he became an associate professor in the agricultural university.

paragraph: He made efforts toward the education of technical experts in the field of arable land readjustment: studying drainage and reclamation engineering. Technology of the arable land readjustment was used for the imperial capital revival, after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.

paragraph: In 1916, he became Professor of Imperial University at the university agriculture department, and he took charge of the agricultural engineering lecture. He provided a program of agricultural engineering specialization in the agriculture department. Ueno died of a cerebral hemorrhage in May 21, 1925 while he was giving a lecture. Ueno was later buried at Aoyama Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Hachikō.

paragraph: His dog, Hachikō, became famous for waiting for him every day at the train station even though he had already died. The dog continued to do so until his own death, nine years later. Hachikō is buried beside Ueno in Aoyama Cemetery, Tokyo, Japan. A bronze statue commemorating the dog was set up in front of the Shibuya Station in 1934 a year before his death (March 8, 1935). His story has been the subject of numerous books and films.

paragraph: In March 9, 2015, the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Tokyo unveiled a bronze statue depicting Ueno returning to meet Hachikō at the University of Tokyo, Japan. The statue was sculpted by Tsutomo Ueda from Nagoya and depicts a very excited Hachiko jumping up to greet his master at the end of a workday. Ueno is dressed in a hat, suit, and trench coat, with his briefcase placed on the ground. Hachiko wears a studded harness as seen in his last photos.

paragraph: Section::::Yaeko Sakano.

paragraph: , more often referred as Yaeko Ueno, was an unmarried partner to Hidesaburō Ueno for about 10 years until his death in 1925. Hachikō was reported to have shown great happiness and affection towards her whenever she came to visit him. Yaeko died in 30 April 1961 at the age of 76 and despite her request to her family members to be buried with her late partner, she was buried at a temple in Taitō, further away from Ueno's grave. Her record was later found by Sho Shiozawa, the professor of the University of Tokyo in 2013, who was also the president of the Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Rural Engineering, which manages Ueno’s grave at Aoyama Cemetery.

paragraph: In November 10, 2013, which marked the 90th anniversary of the Birth of Hachikō, Sho Shiozawa and Keita Matsui, a curator of the Shibuya Folk and Literary Shirane Memorial Museum, felt the need that Yaeko to be buried together with Ueno and Hachikō. Shiozawa also went on as one of the organizers involved with the creation of bronze statue of Hachikō and Ueno which was later unveiled on the grounds of the University of Tokyo on the 80th anniversary of Hachiko's death in March 9, 2015.

paragraph: With willing consents from Ueno and Sakano families and the negotiations with management of the Aoyama Cemetery, but due to regulations and bureaucracy the process took about 2 years.

paragraph: Section::::Reunion of Hachikō family.

paragraph: In 19 May 2016 during the ceremony at the Aoyama Cemetery with both Ueno and Sakano families in present, some of the ashes of Yaeko Sakano were buried with Ueno and Hachikō, her name and the date of her death was inscribed on the side of his tombstone, thus fulfilled the reunion of the Hachikō's family.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hachikō Monogatari"

alias:
Ueno Hidesaburō
Hidesaburo Ueno
Hidesaburou Ueno

description: Japanese agricultural scientist

wikidata_label: Hidesaburō Ueno

wikipedia_title: Hidesaburō Ueno


text:
East German
100
200 metres
Gifhorn
1978 European Championships
4 × 100 metres relay
Manfred Kokot
Eugen Ray
Alexander Thieme
1980 Summer Olympics
200 metres
1982 European Championships
Thomas Munkelt
Detlef Kübeck
Frank Emmelmann
1985 European Indoor Championships
1986 European Championships
Thomas Schröder
Steffen Bringmann
SC Magdeburg

categories: People from Gifhorn,Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics,1958 births,East German male sprinters,Olympic athletes of East Germany,Living people,European Athletics Championships medalists

paragraph: Olaf Prenzler

paragraph: Olaf Prenzler (born 2 April 1958) is a retired East German sprinter who specialised in the 100 and 200 metres.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Prenzler was born in 1958 in Kästorf near Gifhorn in Lower Saxony, Germany. He was a European Junior silver medallist in the 100 metres in 1977. In 1979 he was East German 100 metres champion, he also won the national 200 metres in 1978, and 1983.

paragraph: He was also East German indoor 200 metres champion on three occasions.

paragraph: At the 1978 European Championships he won silver medals in the 200 metres and in the 4 × 100 metres relay, the latter with teammates Manfred Kokot, Eugen Ray and Alexander Thieme.

paragraph: He participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics, in the 200 metres but was eliminated in the semi-finals.

paragraph: At the 1982 European Championships he won the Gold in the 200 metres. In the 4 × 100 metres relay he won a silver medal with teammates Thomas Munkelt, Detlef Kübeck and Frank Emmelmann.

paragraph: He won a silver medal in 200 m at the 1985 European Indoor Championships.

paragraph: At the 1986 European Championships he finished sixth in 100 m and seventh in 200 m. He then won another silver medal in the 4 × 100 metres relay with teammates Thomas Schröder, Steffen Bringmann and Frank Emmelmann.

paragraph: He represented the sports team SC Magdeburg and became East German champion in 1978 (200 m), 1979 (100 m) and 1983 (200 m). In July 1982 he helped established an East German relay record with 38.28 seconds.

description: East German sprinter

wikidata_label: Olaf Prenzler

wikipedia_title: Olaf Prenzler


text:
Groß Börnecke
Saxony-Anhalt
East German
100
200 metres
1982 European Championships
4 x 100 metres relay
Thomas Munkelt
Detlef Kübeck
Olaf Prenzler
1986 European Championships
Thomas Schröder
Steffen Bringmann
SC Magdeburg
Berlin
Julian Reus
Ulm
Moscow
Tobias Unger
Kirsten Emmelmann
German all-time top lists – 100 metres
German all-time top lists – 200 metres

categories: East German male sprinters,People from Hecklingen,1961 births,Living people

paragraph: Frank Emmelmann

paragraph: Frank Emmelmann (born 15 September 1961 in Groß Börnecke, Saxony-Anhalt) is a retired East German sprinter who specialized in the 100 and 200 metres.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1981 he was 2nd in the European cup final in the 100 metres, to the 1980 Moscow Olympic 100 metre Champion Allan Wells. But he went on to win the European cup 200 metres afterwards. He finished 3rd in the 100/200 in the "IAAF World cup" in Rome also that year.

paragraph: At the 1982 European Championships he won the 100 metres and finished third in the 200 metres. In the 4 x 100 metres relay he won a silver medal with teammates Thomas Munkelt, Detlef Kübeck and Olaf Prenzler. At the 1986 European Championships he made the 200 metre final in stuttgurt where he finished 8th, but won a silver medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay with teammates Thomas Schröder, Steffen Bringmann and Olaf Prenzler.

paragraph: In 1983 he won the European cup final 100 metres in London, then went on to finish an excellent 5th in the 200 metre final at the "IAAF World Championships" in Helsinki. He competed in the 100m as well, but went out in the semi final.

paragraph: He represented the sports team SC Magdeburg and became East German 100 m champion in 1981, 1982 and 1985 and 200 m champion in 1981, 1984, 1985, 1987 and 1988.

paragraph: His personal 100 m best time of 10.06 seconds, achieved in June 1986 in Berlin, remained the German record until 2014 when Julian Reus clocked 10.05 seconds during the German Athletics Championships in Ulm. His personal 200 m best time of 20.23 seconds, achieved in August 1985 in Moscow, was the German record until July 2005, when Tobias Unger ran in 20.20.

paragraph: He married Kirsten Emmelmann, née Siemon.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- German all-time top lists – 100 metres

paragraph: BULLET::::- German all-time top lists – 200 metres

description: East German sprinter

wikidata_label: Frank Emmelmann

wikipedia_title: Frank Emmelmann


text: Wolverley

text: Simonsbath House

text: Exmoor

text: Somerset

text: royal forest

text: Exmoor

text: Downton

text: Bringewood Ironworks

text: Papcastle

text: Knight v Knight

text: Payne Knight

text: Downton Castle

text: royal forest

text: Exmoor

text: Poltimore

text: North Molton

text: Sir Coplestone Bampfylde, 2nd Baronet

text: manor of North Molton

text: Simonsbath House

text: Simonsbath

text: James Boevey

text: Papcastle

text: Payne Knight

text: Downton Castle

text: Downton

text: Charles Hope-Weir

text: Craigiehall

text: Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun

text: George Allanson-Winn, 1st Baron Headley

text: Frederick Winn Knight

text: KCB

text: Conservative

text: Member of Parliament

text: Count Alexander de Polignac

text: Edward Lear

text: Abruzzi

text: Edward Lear

text: Edward Lear

text: Franz Nadorp

text: British Museum

text: Edward Lear

text: Villa Taverna

text: Frascati

text: Burke's

wikipedia_title:
Wolverley
Simonsbath House
Exmoor
Somerset
Royal forest
Exmoor
Downton Castle
Bringewood Ironworks
Papcastle
Knight v Knight
Richard Payne Knight
Downton Castle
Royal forest
Exmoor
Sir Coplestone Bampfylde, 3rd Baronet
Manor of Poltimore
North Molton
Sir Coplestone Bampfylde, 2nd Baronet
Manor of North Molton
Simonsbath House
Simonsbath
James Boevey
Papcastle
Richard Payne Knight
Downton Castle
Downton Castle
Charles Hope-Weir
Craigiehall
Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun
Baron Headley
Frederick Knight (politician)
Order of the Bath
Conservative Party (UK)
Member of parliament
Duke of Polignac
Edward Lear
Abruzzo
Edward Lear
Edward Lear
Franz Nadorp
British Museum
Edward Lear
Villa Parisi
Frascati
John Burke (genealogist)

paragraph: John Knight (Exmoor pioneer)

paragraph: John Knight (1765-1850) of Lea Castle, Wolverley, of 52 Portland Place in London, and of Simonsbath House, Exmoor, Somerset, was an agricultural pioneer who commenced the reclamation of the barren moorland of the former royal forest of Exmoor in Devon and Somerset, England.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: John II Knight (1765-1850) was the son of the ironmaster John I Knight (d.1795) of Lea Castle, the son of Edward Knight (d.1780), 3rd son of Richard Knight (1659-1745) of Downton, a wealthy ironmaster and founder of the family's fortune, proprietor of Bringewood Ironworks. John II Knight's younger brother was the mathematician Thomas Knight (1775-1853) of "The Mount", Papcastle, Cumbria, against whom he brought the celebrated 1840 law suit Knight v Knight, concerning the inheritance of their cousin Payne Knight (1750-1824), MP, of Downton Castle.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In August 1818 he purchased at public tender the 10,262 1/4 acre former royal forest of Exmoor and began what became the largest single land reclamation project in England. The Forest of Exmoor had been sold by King George III's Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues. He had a connection with the area as his aunt Mary Knight was the wife of Col. Coplestone Warre Bampfield (d.1791) of Hestercombe, Somerset, the nephew of Sir Coplestone Warwick Bampfylde, 3rd Baronet (c. 1689–1727), lord of the manors of Poltimore and North Molton, both in Devon. Col. Coplestone Warre Bampfield was a great-grandson of Sir Coplestone Bampfylde, 2nd Baronet (c. 1633–1692). The manor of North Molton is adjacent to the east side of the Forest of Exmoor and the Bampfylde family had certain valuable ancient grazing rights over the forest. Knight later increased his Exmoor estate to about 20,000 acres by purchasing surrounding land, particularly the so-called "allotments" which had been granted by the royal commissioners to the principal adjoining landholders to compensate them for the loss of their ancient rights over the royal forest. He built a stock-proof stone-faced wall or hedgebank around the whole estate, nearly 29 miles long, together with about 22 miles of public roads, and commenced the great task of reclaiming the rough grazing of the high moors, all over 1,000 ft, to arable production, and built two farmsteads, Honeymead and Cornham, to the east and west respectively of his own residence at Simonsbath House, Simonsbath, formerly the only residence on the forest, built by James Boevey (1622–1696) in 1654, which already had enclosed farmland of 108 acres.

paragraph: Section::::Knight v Knight (1840).

paragraph: In 1836 he launched a law suit against his younger brother Thomas Knight (1775-1853) of Papcastle, and others, attempting to recover the estates of his father's first cousin Payne Knight (1750-1824), MP, of Downton Castle, which estates had mostly derived from the family patriarch Richard Knight (1659-1745) of Downton. The case was decided against him in 1840, and the disappointment of losing such a large inheritance may have prompted him to leave the country, which he did in 1842.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages & progeny.

paragraph: He married twice:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firstly to Helen Charlotte Hope (d. pre-1812), a daughter of Hon. Charles Hope-Weir (1710-1791) of Craigiehall, Midlothian, the second son of Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun; without progeny.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondly to Hon. Jane Elizabeth Allanson-Winn (d.1841), daughter of George Allanson-Winn, 1st Baron Headley (1725–1798), by whom he had progeny including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colonel Sir Frederick Winn Knight (1812-1897), KCB, a Conservative Member of Parliament, who completed his father's pioneering development of Exmoor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Allanson Knight (1814–1879) who married Jessie Ramsay (1828–1922), daughter of William Ramsay (1800–1881) ("alias" Innes) of Barra, Inverurie, and widow of Count Alexander de Polignac(d.pre-1862). He was a friend and contemporary of the writer and artist Edward Lear (1812-1888), with whom in 1842 he made a tour of the Abruzzi. Having given him riding lessons "round the walls of Rome", he lent the artist one of his horses for the journey, an Arab named "Gridiron". Lear made several drawings during the journey which "make fun of his poor horsemanship, with typical self-deprecating humour" and "record the pair's adventures in comic form". Lear described the journey in his "Illustrated Excursions in Italy", Vol.1, 1846, in which he refers to Knight as "CK". Lear "remembered their adventures for the rest of his life and on his deathbed he lay dreaming of the ride around Rome".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Lewis Knight (1817–1882), of Hornacott Manor, Boyton, Cornwall. He married thrice:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firstly to Elizabeth Harris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondly in 1868 to Henrietta Mary Sanford, by whom he had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thirdly 1877 to Edith Emma Butler (1851–1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret Knight, eldest daughter, who on 11 December 1855, at Rome, married (as his 2nd wife) the Italian nobleman and man of letters Michelangelo Caetani di Sermoneta (1804-1882), 13th Duke of Sermoneta, 3rd Prince of Teano. The family's friend Edward Lear referred to her in his 1858 correspondence from Rome: "Margaret Dss. of Sermoneta fading slowly: but kinder & softer than most Knights are. All are just as friendly as ever to me".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabella Jane Knight (d.18 July 1870), 2nd daughter, from 1840 "a hopeless invalid". Her surviving "Commonplace book" (first leaf signed and dated: "Isabella Jane Knight, /Simonsbath - Febry. 1837") contains several well-executed drawings and portraits, many by Edward Lear and Franz Nadorp, and was donated to the British Museum in 1938 by Lt-Col C. Morley Knight. The family's friend Edward Lear referred to her in his 1858 correspondence from Rome: "The Knights live here much as ever, Isabella passing her 18th year in bed (I mean she has been in bed 18 years — ) but bright & patient always". She died unmarried. She lived at the Palazzo Bracci, Via Rasella, Rome and died at 7 Piazza Pitti, Florence.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement & death.

paragraph: In 1842, aged 76, he retired to the "Villa Taverna" in Rome (or perhaps in Frascati,), leaving his 30 year-old eldest son Frederick Knight to complete his work, to whom he had handed over the management of the Exmoor estate in 1841. He died in Rome in 1850 aged 85.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 15th Edition, ed. Pirie-Gordon, H., London, 1937, pp. 1305-6, pedigree of "Knight of Wolverley"; p. 1306, pedigree of "Rouse-Boughton-Knight of Downton Castle"

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orwin, Charles Stewart & Sellick, R.J., "The Reclamation of Exmoor Forest", Oxford, 1929

wikidata_label: John Knight

wikipedia_title: John Knight (Exmoor pioneer)


text:
fl
King John III of Portugal
court jester
Queen Catherine
slave
Infante Luís, Duke of Beja
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
conquer Tunis
Ottomans
Order of Saint James

categories: Knights of the Order of Saint James of the Sword,Portuguese slaves,16th-century Portuguese people,Portuguese courtiers,Jesters

paragraph: João de Sá Panasco

paragraph: João de Sá (fl. 1524-1567), known as Panasco (a nickname that meant rudeness as revealed by clothes or manners), was a black African in the employ of King John III of Portugal, who was eventually elevated from court jester to gentleman courtier of the Royal Household.

paragraph: Celebrated as a very spirited man, he began his career as a court jester, entertaining both the King and Queen Catherine with witty jokes and parodies. Even though he enjoyed the King's protection, João de Sá received constant racist abuse. His "inferior condition", undoubtedly a result of his initial condition as a slave, was frequently brought up by other courtiers. He could do, however, what was not allowed to anyone else: mock the nobility with impunity. His status as simultaneously an outsider and insider made him an invaluable informer to the King.

paragraph: In 1535, he accompanied the King's brother, Infante Luís, Duke of Beja, to northern Africa, where he was part of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's military campaign to conquer Tunis from the Ottomans. The important victory over the Turks made the King of Portugal award João de Sá exceptional honours: he was eventually admitted to the prestigious Order of Saint James.

wikidata_label: João de Sá Panasco

wikipedia_title: João de Sá Panasco