text:
German
Roman Catholic
cardinal
Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg
Weißpriach
Lungau
Liechtenstein
ministeriales
University of Vienna
theology
law
Rome
protonotary apostolic
canon
Salzburg Cathedral
provost
envoy
Habsburg
Frederick III
Albert VI of Austria
Pope Nicholas V
Siena
Pope Pius II
Council of Mantua
Nicholas of Cusa
Brixen
Siegmund of Austria-Tyrol
consistory
cardinal
Viterbo
titular church
Santi Nereo e Achilleo
papal conclave of 1464
Pope Paul II
cathedral chapter
pallium
consecrated
bishop
Ulrich Plankenfels
Bishop of Chiemsee
nepotism
Pongau
Pinzgau
Brixental
Louis IX of Bavaria
Hohensalzburg Castle
Salzburg
Augustinian
collegiate church
Mülln
Salzburg

categories: Roman Catholic archbishops of Salzburg,Austrian cardinals,1466 deaths,Archbishops of Salzburg

paragraph: Burkhard von Weisbriach

paragraph: Burkhard von Weisbriach (died 1466) was a German Roman Catholic cardinal and Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1461 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was probably born at Weißpriach Castle in the Salzburg Lungau region about 1420 or 1423, the son of Burkhard von Weisbriach the Elder and Anna of Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn. The Lords of Weißbriach had served as "ministeriales" and local administrators of the Salzburg archbishops for centuries. Burkhard enrolled in the University of Vienna in 1437, studying theology and law. After he completed his education, he traveled to Rome, where he became a protonotary apostolic.

paragraph: He became a canon of Salzburg Cathedral in 1448 and its provost in 1452. Throughout the 1450s, he served as an envoy from the Habsburg emperor Frederick III and his brother Archduke Albert VI of Austria to the court of Pope Nicholas V in Rome. He repeatedly tried to alleviate the ongoing fratricidal conflict between the Habsburg rulers, though to no avail. In March 1459, the emperor sent him to Siena to congratulate Pope Pius II on his recent election to the papacy. In November, he intervened in the Council of Mantua. In the conflict of Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa, Prince-Bishop of Brixen with Archduke Siegmund of Austria-Tyrol, he likewise sided with the Habsburg dynasty.

paragraph: In the secret consistory celebrated in Siena on March 5, 1460, Pope Pius II made him a cardinal. His appointment as a cardinal was announced in the consistory held in Viterbo on May 31, 1462, and he received the titular church of Santi Nereo e Achilleo at that time. He did not participate in the papal conclave of 1464 that elected Pope Paul II.

paragraph: On November 16, 1461, the cathedral chapter of Salzburg Cathedral unanimously selected him as the new Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg. Pope Pius II confirmed his election on January 15, 1462 and sent the pallium on January 18, 1462. Weisbriach took possession of the archbishopric on January 23, 1462. He was consecrated as a bishop by Ulrich Plankenfels, Bishop of Chiemsee, on May 9, 1462. Burkhard turned out to be a strong proponent of nepotism granting several governmental offices to his relatives. In summer 1462, he sparked a tax revolt in the Archbishopric after he had quadrupled rents in some areas. The violence was most pronounced in the Pongau, Pinzgau, and Brixental. The dispute was eventually settled through the mediation of Duke Louis IX of Bavaria.

paragraph: The cardinal had Hohensalzburg Castle and the Salzburg town fortifications significantly enlarged. In 1465, he founded an Augustinian collegiate church in Mülln.

paragraph: He died in Salzburg on February 16, 1466. He is buried in Salzburg Cathedral.

description: Austrian cardinal

wikidata_label: Burkhard Weisbriach

wikipedia_title: Burkhard von Weisbriach


text: Italian

text: Roman Catholic

text: cardinal

text: bishop

text: Venice

text: Pope Paul II

text: Giovanni Battista Zeno

text: protonotary apostolic

text: Apostolic Palace

text: cardinal deacon

text: consistory

text: red hat

text: deaconry

text: Santa Lucia in Septisolio

text: Sant'Angelo in Pescheria

text: Bishop of Verona

text: in commendam

text: Republic of Venice

text: Holy See

text: papal conclave of 1471

text: Pope Sixtus IV

text: bubonic plague

text: Viterbo

text: Foligno

text: cardinal priest

text: titular church

text: San Marcello al Corso

text: papal conclave of 1484

text: Pope Innocent VIII

text: Bishop of Padua

text: legate "a latare"

text: Patrimonium Sancti Petri

text: papal army

text: Ferdinand I of Naples

text: cardinal bishop

text: suburbicarian see of Albano

text: suburbicarian see of Palestrina

text: papal conclave of 1492

text: Pope Alexander VI

text: Italian War of 1494–1498

text: French

text: Orvieto

text: titular

text: Latin Patriarch of Antioch

text: Cesare Borgia

text: San Marcello al Corso

paragraph: Giovanni Michiel

paragraph: Giovanni Michiel (* 1446 or 1447, died 1503) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Giovanni Michiel was born in Venice sometime between April 1446 and April 1447, the son of Lorenzo Michiel and Nicolosa Barbo, sister of the future Pope Paul II. A cousin, Giovanni Battista Zeno, was also a cardinal (1468).

paragraph: Early in his career, Michiel served as a protonotary apostolic. During this time, he lived with his uncle in the Apostolic Palace.

paragraph: His uncle made him a cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 21, 1468. He received the red hat and the deaconry of Santa Lucia in Septisolio on November 22, 1468. He opted for the deaconry of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria ca. 1470.

paragraph: He was named Bishop of Verona "in commendam" on March 18, 1471; his entry into the see was delayed by the conflict between the Republic of Venice and the Holy See, but then occupied the office until his death.

paragraph: He participated in the papal conclave of 1471 that elected Pope Sixtus IV. He left Rome with the pope on June 10, 1476 because of an outbreak of bubonic plague, traveling to Viterbo and Foligno; they returned to Rome on October 23. He opted to become a cardinal priest ca. 1484, taking the titular church of San Marcello al Corso, though retaining Sant'Angelo in Pescheria "in commendam".

paragraph: He participated in the papal conclave of 1484 that elected Pope Innocent VIII. On September 15, 1484, he succeeded the incoming pope as Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, and was elected to the post on January 9, 1485 until January 11, 1486. The pope named him Bishop of Padua, but the Republic of Venice opposed this appointment and sequestered his revenues, with the result that Michiel resigned the see in March 1487. On June 4, 1486, he was named legate "a latare" to the "Patrimonium Sancti Petri" and to the fortresses and castles of the Holy See. He was named Inspector of the papal army raised against Ferdinand I of Naples and later led the negotiations that led to a peace treaty signed on August 11, 1487.

paragraph: On March 14, 1491, he opted to become a cardinal bishop, taking the suburbicarian see of Albano. On October 10, 1491, he opted for the suburbicarian see of Palestrina.

paragraph: He participated in the papal conclave of 1492 that elected Pope Alexander VI. On August 31, 1492, the pope named him suburbicarian bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina.

paragraph: When, as part of the Italian War of 1494–1498, French troops entered Rome on May 27, 1495, he and the pope left Rome for Orvieto. He was named (titular) Latin Patriarch of Antioch on January 23, 1497.

paragraph: He died in Rome on April 10, 1503, two days after he was poisoned by his cook on the orders of Cesare Borgia. He is buried in San Marcello al Corso.

description: Italian cardinal

wikidata_label: Giovanni Michiel

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Michiel


text:
Georgian
hereditary rulership
Iberia
East Roman (Byzantine)
curopalates
Hellenized
Middle Persian
Theophanes
Leo
Vakhtang I Gorgasali
non-royal branch
Chosroid dynasty
Klarjeti
Javakheti
Sumbat Davitis-Dze
Bagrationi
war
Sassanid Iranian
Justin II
Armenia
Mamikonian
Constantinople
Maurice
Mtskheta
Jvari Monastery
Stephen I
drachm

categories: 590s deaths,People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars,Princes of Iberia,6th-century monarchs in Asia,Year of birth unknown,People of Byzantine descent

paragraph: Guaram I of Iberia

paragraph: Guaram I () was a Georgian prince, who attained to the hereditary rulership of Iberia and the East Roman (Byzantine) title of curopalates from 588 to c. 590. He is commonly identified with the Gurgenes (Γουργένης, Hellenized form of Middle Persian "Gurgēn") of the Byzantine chronicler Theophanes.

paragraph: Guaram was born to Leo, the younger son of king Vakhtang I Gorgasali and his Roman consort Helene, thus being a member of the younger, non-royal branch of the Chosroid dynasty, which was in possession of the southwestern Iberian duchies of Klarjeti and Javakheti. He is reported by the medieval Georgian author Sumbat Davitis-Dze to be the first Bagrationi ruler, a claim that has not been accepted as credible.

paragraph: When the war between the Roman and Sassanid Iranian empires resumed under Justin II (r. 565–578), Guaram/Gurgenes allied himself with the Armenian prince Vardan III Mamikonian and the Romans in a desperate attempt to break free of Iranian control in 572 ("Theoph. Byz." Fr. 3). He apparently fled to Constantinople when the uprising failed and remained there until he reappeared on political scene in 588, when the Iberians are reported by the Georgian chronicler Juansher to have revolted from the Sassanid rule again. The Iberian nobles asked the emperor Maurice (r. 582–602) for a ruler from the Iberian royal house; Maurice sent Guaram, conferring on him the dignity of curopalates and sending him to Mtskheta. Thus, the presiding principate of Iberia replaced the Chosroid kingship dormant since its suppression by the Sassanids c. 580. He has traditionally been credited with the foundation of the Jvari Monastery at Mtskheta. Guaram was succeeded by his son, Stephen I.

paragraph: Guaram I was the first Georgian ruler to take the unusual step of issuing coins modeled on the silver drachms of the Sassanids. These coins, referred to as the "Iberian-Sassanid", feature the initials GN, i.e., Gurgen. Thus, "Guaram" (recorded by the Georgian chronicles) seems to have been the name destined for the domestic usage; while "Gurgen" was the official name of this ruler used for foreign relations, and found in the coinage and in foreign sources.

wikidata_label: Guaram I of Iberia

wikipedia_title: Guaram I of Iberia


text:
MP
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Middle Temple
William Blackstone
Conservative
MP
Wallingford
constituency
Corn Laws
Robert Peel
Roman Catholic
Wallingford
Howbery Park
Thames
Crowmarsh Gifford
debtors prison
Oxford
Brighton
Howbery Park

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,1881 deaths,1809 births,UK MPs 1835–1837,UK MPs 1847–1852,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,People from Wallingford, Oxfordshire,UK MPs 1837–1841,UK MPs 1841–1847

paragraph: William Seymour Blackstone

paragraph: William Seymour Blackstone (1809–1881) was an English MP in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

paragraph: He was the son of James Blackstone, barrister-at-law of the Middle Temple, and grandson of the legal writer William Blackstone (1723–1780). Elected Conservative MP for Wallingford, Oxfordshire, England in 1832, he served until 1852, when the constituency refused to re-adopt him. He defended the Corn Laws, and was one of the rebels who opposed Robert Peel over Free Trade in 1846, causing the fall of the government. Like his grandfather, he was staunchly anti-Roman Catholic.

paragraph: He lived at Castle Priory, Wallingford, built for his grandfather, but decided to build a still-grander house, Howbery Park, across the Thames in Crowmarsh Gifford. However, he fell into debt, largely because of the costs of building this new home, and spent time in the debtors prison at Oxford. His debt problems also contributed to the end of his political career. He died in Brighton, never having lived at Howbery Park.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sephton, Robert S. (2003) "William Seymour Blackstone (1809-1881) a Wallingford M.P."

description: British politician

wikidata_label: William Seymour Blackstone

wikipedia_title: William Seymour Blackstone


text:
Modern Irish
Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid
Clann Cholmáin
Uí Néill
King of Mide
High King of Ireland
Land ingen Dúngaile
Cerball mac Dúnlainge
Osraige
King of Tara
Áed Findliath
Leinster
Munster
Ulster
Connacht
high cross
Niall Glúndub
Viking Age
Rathlin
Inishmurray
Inishbofin
Vikings
Ulster
Leinster
Boyne
Liffey
Lough Neagh
Dublin
Annagassan
Wexford
Waterford
Limerick
Cork
Turgesius
Giraldus Cambrensis
Harald Fairhair
Scandinavia
Lough Owel
King of Munster
Ólchobar mac Cináeda
earl
Laithlind
Dark Foreigners
Danes
Carlingford Lough
Amlaíb
Ímar
Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
Newgrange
Knowth
Dowth
Pictland
Dumbarton Rock
Brian Bóruma
Muircheartach Ua Briain
Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair
Feidlimid mac Crimthainn
Eóganachta
Cashel
King of Munster
Viking
Cenél nEógain
Inishowen
Niall Caille
Congal Cáech
Dál nAraidi
Ulaid
gael
Norse-Gaels
Áed Findliath
Niall Caille
Land
Dúngal mac Cerbaill
king of Osraige
Tailtiu
Leinster
Armagh
Uí Briúin Ai
King of Connacht
Kildare
England
Dublin
Alfred the Great
King of Wessex
Abbey of Kells
King
Osraige
Cormac mac Cuilennáin
Flaithbertach mac Inmainén
Cathal mac Conchobair
King of Connacht
Battle of Bellaghmoon
Castledermot
County Kildare
Mullingar
County Westmeath
Prophecy of Berchán
Gormlaith ingen Flann mac Conaing
King of Brega
Donnchad Donn
Gormflaith ingen Flann Sinna
Cormac mac Cuilennáin
Eóganachta
Cerball mac Muirecáin
Uí Dúnlainge
Annals of Clonmacnoise
circa
nun
Máel Muire
King of the Picts
Cináed mac Ailpín
Síl nÁedo Sláine
Brian Boru
Cenél Conaill
Síl nÁedo Sláine
Cenél nEógain
Clann Cholmáin
Annals of Ulster
Chronicle of Ireland
Alex Woolf
Alfred the Great
Edward the Elder
England
Kingdom of Wessex
Congalach Cnogba
agnatic ancestor
Áed Sláine
Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill
Túathal Techtmar
Máire Herbert
Diarmait mac Cerbaill
high cross
Clonmacnoise
Kinnitty
oratory
cumdach
Book of Durrow
Early Medieval Ireland 800–1166
Viking Age

categories: Kings of Mide,916 deaths,840s births,People from County Meath,High Kings of Ireland,10th-century High Kings of Ireland,9th-century Irish people,9th-century Irish monarchs,10th-century Irish people

paragraph: Flann Sinna

paragraph: Flann Sinna ("Flann of the Shannon"; Modern Irish: "Flann na Sionainne") (847 or 848 – 25 May 916) was the son of Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid of Clann Cholmáin, a branch of the southern Uí Néill. He was King of Mide from 877 onwards and is counted as a High King of Ireland. His mother Land ingen Dúngaile was a sister of Cerball mac Dúnlainge, King of Osraige.

paragraph: Flann was chosen as the High King of Ireland, also known as King of Tara, following the death of his first cousin and stepfather Áed Findliath on 20 November 879. Flann's reign followed the usual pattern of Irish High Kings, beginning by levying hostages and tribute from Leinster and then to wars with Munster, Ulster and Connacht. Flann was more successful than most kings of Ireland. However, rather than the military and diplomatic successes of his reign, it is his propaganda statements, in the form of monumental high crosses naming him and his father, as kings of Ireland, that are exceptional.

paragraph: Flann may have had the intention of abandoning the traditional succession to the kingship of Tara, whereby the northern and southern branches of the Uí Néill held the kingship alternately, but such plans were thwarted when his favoured son Óengus was killed by his son-in-law and eventual successor Niall Glúndub, son of Áed Findliath, on 7 February 915. Flann's other sons raised revolts and his authority collapsed.

paragraph: Section::::Ireland in the First Viking Age.

paragraph: The Viking Age in Ireland began in 795 with attacks on monasteries on the islands of Rathlin, Inishmurray, and Inishbofin. In the following twenty years raids by Vikings—called "Foreigners" or "Gentiles" in Irish sources—were small in scale, infrequent and largely limited to the coasts. The "Annals of Ulster" record raids in Ireland in only five of the first twenty years of the 9th century. In the 820s, there are records of larger raids in Ulster and Leinster. The range, size, and frequency of attacks increased in the 830s. In 837, Viking fleets operated on the rivers Boyne and Liffey in central Ireland, and in 839 a fleet was based on Lough Neagh in the north-east.

paragraph: The records indicate that the first permanent Viking bases were established in 841, near Dublin and Annagassan. Other fortified settlements were established in the following decades at Wexford, Waterford, Limerick, and Cork. It is in this period that the leaders of the Irish-based Scandinavians are recorded by name. Turgesius, who is made the conqueror of Ireland by Giraldus Cambrensis and a son of Harald Fairhair by Scandinavian sagas, is one of these. He was captured, and drowned in Lough Owel, by Máel Sechnaill in 845. Máel Sechnaill was reported to have killed 700 Foreigners in 848, and the King of Munster, Ólchobar mac Cináeda, killed 200 more, including an earl named Tomrair, the "heir designate of the King of Laithlind".

paragraph: In 849 a new force appeared, the "Dark Foreigners". Possibly Danes, their activities were directed against the "Foreigners" already in Ireland. A major naval battle fought in Carlingford Lough in 853 produced a victory for the newcomers. In the same year, there arrived another force, the "Fair Foreigners", led by Amlaíb, "son of the king of Laithlind", and Ímar. From the 840s onwards, the "Fragmentary Annals of Ireland" and the Irish annals recount frequent alliances between the "Foreigners" and Irish kings, especially after the appearance of Amlaíb and Ímar as rulers of Dublin.

paragraph: The later 860s saw a reduction of activity by the Foreigners—although the Annals indignantly report that they plundered the ancient burial mounds at Newgrange, Knowth, and Dowth in 863—with the Dublin forces active in Pictland and in the six months' siege of Dumbarton Rock. Áed Findliath took advantage of these absences to destroy the Viking fortresses in the north of Ireland. Amlaíb left Ireland for good in 871 and Ímar died in 873. With their disappearance, there were frequent changes of leadership among the Foreigners and a great deal of internecine conflict is reported for the following decades.

paragraph: Section::::Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid.

paragraph: The making of a kingship of Ireland, as kings from Flann to Brian Bóruma, Muircheartach Ua Briain and Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Turlough O'Connor) exercised, may owe as much to the threat raised by Feidlimid mac Crimthainn, of the Eóganachta of Cashel ("Eóganachta Chaisil"), King of Munster, as to the Viking raids on Ireland.

paragraph: Feidlimid's Munstermen ravaged the length and breadth of Ireland, as far north as the Cenél nEógain heartland of Inishowen. Drawing on the support of the clergy of Cashel as well as his own military might, Feidlimid is said by Munster sources to have made himself King of Tara. Although he was defeated in 841 in battle with Niall Caille of the Cenél nEógain, the High King according to some, Feidlimid's achievements were exceptional. Not since Congal Cáech of the Dál nAraidi, King of Ulaid in the early 7th century, had any king but an Uí Néill one been reckoned King of Tara in any account.

paragraph: On Niall Caille's death in 846, the kingship of Tara passed to Flann Sinna's father Máel Sechnaill. Feidlimid died in the following year, and Máel Sechnaill proceeded to expand his power by war and diplomacy. What is noteworthy about Máel Sechnaill's expansionism, normal for Irish kings, is not that it happened, but the language used to describe it. The "Annals of Ulster" refer to Máel Sechnaill's armies, not as the "men of Mide", or of the Clann Cholmáin, but as the "men of Ireland" (an expedition "co feraib Érenn" is recorded in 858). Alongside this innovation, the terms "goídil" (gael), "gaill" (foreigners) and "gallgoídil" (Norse-Gaels) become more common, along with phrases such as the "Gaíll Érenn" (the foreigners of Ireland, used to refer to the Norse-Gaels of the Irish coasts).

paragraph: On his death in 862, Máel Sechnaill's obituary titled him "King of all Ireland" ().

paragraph: Section::::Áed Finnliath.

paragraph: On Máel Sechnaill's death, the Uí Néill kingship passed back to the northern branch, represented by Áed Findliath, son of Niall Caille. Áed began his reign by marrying Máel Sechnaill's widow, Flann's mother, Land (d. 890), daughter of Dúngal mac Cerbaill, king of Osraige. Áed had some notable successes against the Vikings, and was active against the Laigin. However, his kingship was not accepted even among the southern Uí Néill. The historical records indicate that six times during his reign, or one year in three, the great Fair of Tailtiu was not held, "although there was no just and worthy reason for this". When Áed died in 879, the kingship returned to the southern branch, represented by Flann Sinna.

paragraph: During the reign of his stepfather, Flann enters the historical record. In 877, the "Annals of Ulster" record that "Donnchad son of Aedacán son of Conchobor, was deceitfully killed by Flann son of Máel Sechnaill". Donnchad, the reigning King of Mide and head of the southern Uí Néill, was Flann's second cousin. Flann's marriage to Áed Findliath's daughter Eithne may have taken place before he seized power, or soon afterwards.

paragraph: Section::::Flann over Ireland.

paragraph: Flann's reign began with a demand for hostages from the kings of Leinster. In 881, he led an army of Irishmen and "Foreigners" into the north, attacking Armagh. Unlike the later poetic accounts which made the Gaels and the "Foreigners" bitterest enemies, and recast events as a struggle between natives and incomers, Irish kings generally had no qualms about allying themselves with the "Foreigners" when convenient. It is likely that one of Flann's sisters was married to a Norse or Norse-Gael leader. Gerald of Wales offers a typically inventive account of how this marriage came about in his "Topographia Hibernica". Gerald claimed that Máel Sechnaill had granted his daughter to the Viking chieftain called "Turgesius", and he had sent fifteen beardless young men, disguised as the bride's handmaidens, to kill the chieftain and his closest associates.

paragraph: The "Annals of Ulster" report that Flann was defeated in 887 by the "Foreigners" at the Battle of the Pilgrim. Among the dead on Flann's side were Áed mac Conchobair of the Uí Briúin Ai, King of Connacht, Lergus mac Cruinnén, Bishop of Kildare, and Donnchad, Abbot of Kildare. Irish clergymen commonly appear among the named dead in battles of the Early Christian and Viking periods. In that year the Fair of Tailtiu was not held, a sign that Flann's authority was not unchallenged. Flann's defeat at the hands of the "Foreigners" was overshadowed by the signs of dissension among their leaders. That same year, the "Annals of Ulster" note that "Sigfrith son of Ímar, king of the Norsemen, was deceitfully killed by his kinsman". For the following year, the "Annals" report an "expedition by Domnall son of Áed [Finnliath] with the men of the north of Ireland against the southern Uí Néill", and again in 888, the Fair of Tailtiu was reportedly not held.

paragraph: In 892, events in England may have had an impact in Ireland, leading to the fall of Dublin (Áth Cliath) to the Irish. The "Annals", following a report of the defeat of the Vikings by the Saxons—Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, was Flann's contemporary—announce "great dissension among the "Foreigners" of Áth Cliath, and they became dispersed, one section of them following Ímar's son, and the other Sigfrith the jarl". Amlaíb son of Ímar was killed in 897, and for 901, the "Annals" say that the "heathens were driven from Ireland" by the Leinstermen, led by Flann's son-in-law Cerball, and the "men of Brega", led by Máel Finnia son of Flannacán.

paragraph: In 901, Flann's son Máel Ruanaid, described as "heir designate of Ireland", was killed, probably burnt in a hall along with other notables, by the Luigni of Connaught. In 904, Flann broke into the Abbey of Kells in order to seize his son Donnchad, who had taken refuge there, and beheaded many of Donnchad's associates. By this point in time, Flann had been king of Ireland in style for a quarter century.

paragraph: Flann undertook an expedition against his cousin Cellach mac Cerbaill, King of Osraige, in 905, after Cellach had succeeded his brother Diarmait earlier in the year. In the following year, 906, Flann raided into Munster and ravaged much of the land there. Cormac mac Cuilennáin of the Eóganachta of Cashel, King of Munster, with his "evil genius" and later successor Flaithbertach mac Inmainén by his side, raided Connaught and Leinster in retaliation and, according to some annals, defeated Flann. A Munster fleet ravaged the coasts that same year.

paragraph: Section::::Neither spear nor sword will kill him.

paragraph: On 13 September 908, Flann, aided by his son-in-law Cerball mac Muirecáin, and Cathal mac Conchobair, King of Connacht, fought against the Munstermen, again led by Cormac and Flaithbertach, at the Battle of Bellaghmoon (near Castledermot, County Kildare). The "Fragmentary Annals" report that many of the men of Munster had not wished to set out on the expedition. This was because Flaithbertach had fallen from his horse at the muster, an event which was taken to be an ill-omen. Flann and his allies subsequently defeated the Munstermen. Cormac, along with Cellach mac Cerbaill of Osraige and many other notables, was killed.

paragraph: In 910, now without the aid of Cerball, who had died of sickness, Flann defeated the men of Bréifne. In 913 and 914, first Donnchad son of Flann, and then Flann himself, ravaged the lands of south Brega and southern Connaught. In the 914 campaign, the "Annals of Ulster" report that "many churches were profaned by [Flann]". In December of 914, a battle was fought between Niall Glúndub and Óengus, son of Flann. Óengus died of wounds on 7 February 915, the second of Flann's designated heirs to die in his lifetime.

paragraph: Later in 915, his sons Donnchad and Conchobar rebelled against Flann, and it was only with the aid of Niall Glundúb that Flann's sons were forced back into obedience. Niall Glúndub also compelled a truce between Flann and Fogartach mac Tolairg, king of Brega. Niall may also have been acknowledged as Flann's heir at this time. Flann did not long survive, dying near Mullingar, County Westmeath, according to the "Prophecy of Berchán", on 25 May 916, after a reign of 36 years, 6 months, and 5 days.

paragraph: Flann was followed as head of Clann Cholmáin and king of Mide by his son Conchobar, and as king of Tara by Niall Glúndub.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Flann Sinna was known to have been married to at least three different women, and his recorded children numbered seven sons and three daughters.

paragraph: His marriage to Gormlaith ingen Flann mac Conaing, daughter of the King of Brega, a key ally of his stepfather, was probably the first. Known children of this marriage are Donnchad Donn, later King of Mide and of Tara, and Gormlaith.

paragraph: Flann's daughter Gormflaith ingen Flann Sinna became the subject of later literary accounts, accounted which depicted her as a tragic figure. She was married first to Cormac mac Cuilennáin of the Eóganachta, who had taken vows of celibacy as a bishop. On Cormac's death in battle in 908, fighting against her father, she was married to Cerball mac Muirecáin of the Uí Dúnlainge, who supposedly abused her. Cerball was a key ally of Gormlaith's father. After Cerball's death in 909 Gormlaith married her stepbrother Niall Glúndub, who died in 919. The "Annals of Clonmacnoise" have her wandering Ireland after Niall's death, forsaken by her kin, and reduced to begging from door to door, although this is thought to be later invention rather than a tradition with a basis in fact.

paragraph: The second of Flann’s known marriages was his union with Eithne, daughter of Áed Findliath, dated circa 877. Flann and Eithne’s son Máel Ruanaid was killed in 901. Eithne was also married to Flannácan, King of Brega, by whom she had a son named Máel Mithig, although whether this preceded her marriage to Flann is unclear. It is likely that Flann divorced Eithne in order to follow the tradition of marrying his predecessor's widow, Eithne's stepmother. Eithne died as a nun in 917.

paragraph: His third wife, Máel Muire, who died in 913, was the daughter of the King of the Picts, Cináed mac Ailpín. She was the mother of Flann’s son, Domnall (King of Mide 919–921; killed by his half-brother Donnchad Donn in 921), and his daughter, Lígach (died 923), wife of the Síl nÁedo Sláine king of Brega, Máel Mithig mac Flannacáin (died 919).

paragraph: The mothers of Flann Sinna’s sons Óengus (died 915), Conchobar (king of Mide 916–919; died in battle against the "Foreigners" alongside his brother-in-law Niall Glúndub), Áed (blinded on Donnchad Donn's orders in 919), and Cerball are unknown, and likewise his daughter Muirgel (died 928), who was probably married to a Norse or Norse-Gael king.

paragraph: Section::::Assessment.

paragraph: The alternating succession of the northern and southern Uí Néill to the kingship of Tara would finally break down in time of Brian Boru. It was already under strain before Flann Sinna's lifetime. Two branches of the Uí Néill—the northern Cenél Conaill and the southern Síl nÁedo Sláine— had already been excluded from the succession by the Cenél nEógain and Clann Cholmáin. Many other branches of the Uí Néill had never shared in the kingship.

paragraph: When Flann's son Máel Ruanaid was killed in 901, the obituary in the "Annals of Ulster" states: "Máel Ruanaid son of Flann son of Máel Sechnaill, heir designate of Ireland, was killed by the Luigne". The Annals of Ulster are derived from the "Chronicle of Ireland", kept at Clonmacnoise, Flann's own monastery, and perhaps compiled in his lifetime.

paragraph: The description of Máel Ruanaid as "heir designate of Ireland" suggests to some that Flann planned to keep the kingship in his family, excluding the Cenél nEógain as the Cenél Conaill and Síl nÁedo Sláine had previously been excluded. The evident lack of filial loyalty among Flann's sons, Donnchad Donn being twice in rebellion against his father, may have prevented any such plans from coming to fruition. However, Óengus is called "heir designate of Temair [Tara]" in the notice of his death in 915.

paragraph: Benjamin Hudson suggested that it was only the vigorous campaigning by Niall Glúndub in Ulster and Connacht from 913 to 915, along with Óengus's fortuitous death, that led to Niall being named Flann's heir. Alex Woolf suggested that Flann had not only attempted to monopolise the succession within his family, but had come close to instituting a national kingship in Ireland comparable to that created by his contemporaries Alfred the Great and Edward the Elder in England from their Kingdom of Wessex.

paragraph: Later Clann Cholmáin kings were descended from Flann, as was Congalach Cnogba, whose official pedigree pronounced him to be a member of the Síl nÁedo Sláine, the first of that branch of the Uí Néill to become King of Tara in two centuries, and whose last agnatic ancestor to have ruled from Tara was the eponymous Áed Sláine, ten generations before. Congalach was closely tied to Clann Cholmáin. His mother was Flann's daughter Lígach, and his paternal grandmother Eithne had been Flann's wife.

paragraph: Flann's son Donnchad Donn, his grandson Congalach Cnogba, and his great grandson Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, all held the kingship of Tara, Máel Sechnaill being the last of the traditional Uí Néill high kings.

paragraph: Section::::Image.

paragraph: Flann was served by Máel Mura Othna (died 887), "chief poet of Ireland". In 885 Máel Mura composed the praise poem "Flann for Érinn" (Flann over Ireland). This linked Flann with the deeds of the legendary Uí Néill ancestor Túathal Techtmar. As Máire Herbert notes, Máel Mura depicts Tuathal as a 9th-century ruler, taking hostages from lesser kings, compelling their obedience and founding his kingship over Ireland on force. The high king in "Flann for Érinn" has authority over the "fir Érenn" (the men of Ireland) and leads them in war. This is a very different from the way the kingship of Flann's 6th century ancestor Diarmait mac Cerbaill is portrayed in early sources.

paragraph: A concrete testimony to Flann's claims survives in the high crosses erected at Clonmacnoise and Kinnitty on Flann's orders which name him and his father "rí Érenn", "King of Ireland". At the same time, the oratory at Clonmacnoise was rebuilt in stone on Flann's orders.

paragraph: Flann is credited with commissioning the earliest known cumdach, an ornamented book case, for the Book of Durrow.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Early Medieval Ireland 800–1166

paragraph: BULLET::::- Viking Age

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- retrieved 2008-03-22

description: High King of Ireland

wikidata_label: Flann Sinna

wikipedia_title: Flann Sinna


text: Craon

text: Chantocé

text: Ingrandes

text: Candé

text: Segré

text: Duretal

text: Baugé

text: Lude

text: Maurice II de Craon

text: Isabelle de Beaumont-le-Roger

text: Havoise de Craon

text: Maurice III de Craon

text: Jeanne des Roches

text: Seneschal

text: Anjou

text: Guillaume des Roches

text: Marguerite de Sablé

text: Louis VIII

text: Battle of Roche-au-Moine

text: John, King of England

text: Philippe Auguste

text: Albigensian Crusade

text: Châteaubriant

text: La Guerche-de-Bretagne

text: Pouancé

text: Castle of Pouancé

text: Compiègne

text: La Roë Abbey

text: Maurice IV de Craon

text: Louis IX

text: Craon family

categories: 1170 births,People from Anjou,1226 deaths,Craon family

paragraph: Amaury I de Craon

paragraph: Amaury I of Craon (1170–1226), was Lord of Craon, of Chantocé, Ingrandes, Candé, Segré, Duretal, Baugé and of Lude.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Amaury I of Craon was the youngest of the three sons of Maurice II de Craon (1132-1196) and Isabelle de Beaumont-le-Roger. He had four sisters of whom "Havoise de Craon" (1175-1251) was also the eldest child.

paragraph: In 1207, he succeeded, as Lord of Craon, his brother Maurice III de Craon (1165-1207) deceased that year. His other brother, Pierre, as an ecclesiastic was excluded from the title.

paragraph: In 1212, he married Jeanne des Roches, daughter of Seneschal of Anjou, Guillaume des Roches and Marguerite de Sablé.

paragraph: They had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maurice IV of Craon, married Isabelle de Lusignan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabelle, married Raoul III, lord of Fougeres and Porhoet

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: The 2 July 1214, he fought alongside the future King of France, Louis VIII at the Battle of Roche-au-Moines, which saw a French victory, thanks to the decisive action of his father-in-law, Guillaume des Roches against the English troops of "Jean sans Terre" John, King of England.

paragraph: From 1218 to 1219, he participated alongside the King of France, Philippe Auguste, in the Albigensian Crusade.

paragraph: In 1222, following the death of Guillaume des Roches, Amaury took the title of sénéchal of Anjou, Maine and Touraine. He was thus confronted with the pretension of Pierre Mauclerc, Peter I, Duke of Brittany, who had his sights on Anjou. In 1223, he seized Châteaubriant and La Guerche-de-Bretagne belonging to the domain of Pouancé, but he could not take the Castle of Pouancé. Alerted, Pierre Mauclerc came to the rescue and surprised Amaury's exhausted troops. Routed, Amaury was taken prisoner. A large ransom was demanded from his subjects for his liberation. Freed the same year, Amaury rejoined the new King Louis VIII at Compiègne.

paragraph: Section::::Death and succession.

paragraph: Amaury I died on 2 May 1226. He was buried in La Roë Abbey. His wife, Jeanne des Roches, became guardian of their son Maurice IV de Craon (1213-1250), future Seneschal of Anjou. She took the title of sénéchal of Anjou, Maine and Touraine. In 1227, she rendered homage to the new young King of France; Louis IX, better known under the name of Saint Louis, aged only thirteen years. She retained the role of Seneschal until the end of her days about 1240/1241 when the title passed to her son, Maurice.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Craon family

description: Medieval French nobleman

wikidata_label: Amaury I de Craon

wikipedia_title: Amaury I de Craon


text:
Moncalvo
Chambery
Opicino Spinola
Irene of Montferrat
Savoy
Aosta
Moriana
Palaeologus
Charles III, Duke of Savoy
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Amadeus VI
Bianca
Galeazzo II Visconti
Milan
Hautecombe Abbey
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Violante Visconti
Louis XII of France
Henry II of France
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England

wikipedia_title:
Moncalvo
Chambéry
Opicino Spinola
Irene of Montferrat
Savoy
Aosta
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Palaiologos
Charles III, Duke of Savoy
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy
Bianca of Savoy
Galeazzo II Visconti
Milan
Hautecombe Abbey
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Violante Visconti
Louis XII of France
Henry II of France
Henrietta Maria of France

categories: Burials at Hautecombe Abbey,1318 births,1342 deaths,Countesses of Savoy,Palaiologos dynasty,14th-century Italian people

paragraph: Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat

paragraph: Yolande Palaiologina or "Violant" (Moncalvo, June 1318 – Chambery, December 24, 1342) was the daughter of Theodore I, Marquess of Montferrat and Argentina Spinola {1303-1356}, a Genoese lady, daughter of Opicino Spinola. She received the name Yolande from her paternal grandmother Irene of Montferrat.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Yolande married on May 1, 1330 to Aimone, Count of Savoy, from her marriage she became Countess consort of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana. Her marriage was arranged to seal the newly found peace between her family and the Counts of Savoy, and on the basis that the latter would succeed to Montferrato in case of extinction in the male line of the Palaeologus family.

paragraph: According also to this act of inheritance in Montferatto, when the male line died out of the Palaeologus dynasty with the death of Bonifacio IV of Montferrat two centuries later, Charles III, Duke of Savoy laid claim to Montferrato through Yolande his great-great-great-great grandmother. However it was claimed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

paragraph: After failing to produce a child for the count in the first few years of marriage, she went to the shrine of the Virgin Mary at Bourg-en-Bresse, which was considered at the time to help marriages become fruitful. Not long after, she conceived a son, Amadeus. She returned to the shrine after his birth, and was pleased to then conceive a daughter.

paragraph: They had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Amadeus VI (Amadeo VI) (1334–1383)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Bianca (1336–1388), married in 1350 to Galeazzo II Visconti, Lord of Milan.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. John (1338–1345), died young

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Catherine (1341), died young

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Louis (b. 24 December 1342), died young

paragraph: Yolande herself died whilst giving birth to her son Louis on 24 December 1342, and she was buried in a chapel at Hautecombe Abbey.

paragraph: Her daughter Bianca was mother to Gian Galeazzo Visconti and Violante Visconti. Among Yolande's descendants are Louis XII of France, Henry II of France and Henrietta Maria, Queen of England.

description: Countess of Savoy

wikidata_label: Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat

wikipedia_title: Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat


text:
archaeologist
Isle of Man
Matlock
Matlock Bath
Oakham School
Emmanuel College, Cambridge
MA
James
King William's College
Castletown
lithological
manx cross
runic cross
King Edward's Grammar School
Lichfield
Queen's College, Birmingham
Birmingham University
Mellis
Suffolk
Bethnal Green
Rushen Castle
Great Exhibition of 1861
Geological Society of London
Rushen Castle
James VII, Earl of Derby
Charlotte de la Tremouille
Manx Society

categories: People from Matlock, Derbyshire,People educated at Oakham School,Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge,1868 deaths,1812 births,19th-century English Anglican priests,English archaeologists,English geologists,People educated at King William's College,Fellows of the Geological Society of London

paragraph: Joseph George Cumming

paragraph: Joseph George Cumming, MA Cantab., (15 February 1812 – 21 December 1868) was an English geologist and archaeologist. His major works concerned the geology and history of the Isle of Man.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born at Matlock in Derbyshire where his mother and father ran the Old Bath Hotel at Matlock Bath. Cumming was educated at Oakham School, and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, taking the degree of MA, and entering holy orders in 1835. Joseph's elder cousin, James was Professor of Chemistry in Cambridge from 1815.

paragraph: Section::::Isle of Man.

paragraph: In 1841 he was appointed vice-principal of King William's College, Castletown, in the Isle of Man, and this position he held until 1856. During this period his leisure time was devoted to a study of the geology and archaeology of the island. The results were published in:

paragraph: In this book he dealt with the mythical tales, recording the history of the island, especially the geological phenomena. He included the lithological character of the

paragraph: island and the disturbances which have produced the subsidence of some geological formations. Within the book he showed the images of manx crosses and afterwards he arranged for casts of these runic crosses to be distributed to museums and organisations in England and Ireland.

paragraph: In 1856 he became master of King Edward's Grammar School at Lichfield in Staffordshire. In 1858, Cumming became warden and professor of classical literature and geology in Queen's College, Birmingham (which later became Birmingham University), in 1862 rector of Mellis, in Suffolk, and in 1867 vicar of St Johns, Bethnal Green, London.

paragraph: 1857 saw the publication of his book on Rushen Castle again about the Isle of Man. His interest did not wane and in 1861 he was instrumental in forming a committee to send examples of Manx culture and industrial products to the Great Exhibition of 1861.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Cumming married Agnes Peckham in 1838. He was survived by his four sons and two daughters. He became a Fellow of the Geological Society of London in 1846, and he published papers in the journal of that society. He died quite suddenly on 21 September 1868.

paragraph: Section::::Major works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Account of the Geology of the Isle of Man. Published in the Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. August 1846.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geology of the Calf of Man", "Quarterly Journal" of the "Proceedings of the Geological Society of London", 1847.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Isle of Man. Its History, Physical, Ecclesiastical, Civil, and Legendary" (see above).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Great Industrial Exhibition of 1861", letters showing some of the productions of the Isle of Man in connection with the Exhibition. Douglas: Printed for the Local Committee, by P. Curphey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Story of Rushen Castle and Rushen Abbey, in the Isle of Man", London: Bell and Daldy, Fleet Street. 1857. Octavo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Runic and Other Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man", London: Bell and Daldy, Fleet Street; 1867

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Isle of Man. A Guide to the Isle of Man" inc. Botany; Geology and Zoology. London: Edward Stanford, 1861.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Great Stanley, or James VII, Earl of Derby, and his Noble Countess, Charlotte de la Tremouille, in their Land of Man", London: William Mackintost, 1867.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Antiquitates Manniae: or a Collection of Memoirs on the Antiquities of the Isle of Man", for the Manx Society by the Rev. J. G. Cumming, AI.A., F.G.S. London: 1868.

description: British geologist and archaeologist

wikidata_label: Joseph George Cumming

wikipedia_title: Joseph George Cumming


text:
antiquarian
cartographer
numismatist
Germanic
racial supremacy
Edinburgh
Lanark
Classics
Roman
Livy
Edinburgh University
Joseph Ritson
Richard Maitland
Gibbon
Barbour's
"Bruce"
The Dethe of the Kynge of Scotis
Celts
Celt
Picts
race
Goths
Scots language
Gaels
Highlanders
Celtic
philology
placenames
Aberdeen
Gaelic
Danish
Ossian
James Macpherson
Lady Wardlaw
Joseph Ritson
Hugh Trevor-Roper
insanity
antiquarian
John Cary
1911 Encyclopedia
Short biography

categories: Scottish archaeologists,Historians of Scotland,Scottish numismatists,19th-century Scottish people,Scottish writers,Scottish biographers,Scottish antiquarians,Historians of England,18th-century Scottish people,1758 births,1826 deaths,Scottish historians,Scottish cartographers,People from Edinburgh,Alumni of the University of Edinburgh

paragraph: John Pinkerton

paragraph: John Pinkerton (17 February 1758 – 10 March 1826) was a Scottish antiquarian, cartographer, author, numismatist, historian, and early advocate of Germanic racial supremacy theory.

paragraph: He was born in Edinburgh, as one of three sons to James Pinkerton. He lived in the neighbourhood of that city for some of his earliest childhood years, but later moved to Lanark. His studious youth brought him extensive knowledge of the Classics, and it is known that in his childhood years he enjoyed translating Roman authors such as Livy. He moved on to Edinburgh University, and after graduating, remained in the city to take up an apprenticeship in Law. However, his scholarly and literary inclinations led him to abandon the legal profession. It had been during his brief legal career though that he had begun writing, his "Elegy on Craigmillar Castle" being first published in 1776.

paragraph: Section::::London and publications.

paragraph: In 1781, Pinkerton moved to London, where his full career as a writer began in earnest, publishing in the same year a volume of "Rimes" of no great merit, and "Scottish Tragic Ballads". These were followed in 1782 by "Two Dithyrambic Odes on Enthusiasm and Laughter", and by a series of "Tales in Verse". Under the title of "Select Scottish Ballads" he reprinted in 1783 his tragic ballads, with a supplement comprising "Ballads of the Comic Kind". Joseph Ritson pointed out in 1784 that the so-called ancient ballads were some of them of modern date, and Pinkerton admitted that he was the author of the second part of "Hardy Kanute" and part-author of some others. He published an "Essay on Medals" in 1784, and in 1785, under the pseudonym of "Robert Heron", his bold but eccentric "Letters of Literature" depreciating the classical authors of Greece and Rome. In 1786 he edited "Ancient Scottish Poems" from the manuscript collections of Sir Richard Maitland of Lethington. It was succeeded in 1787 by a compilation, under the new pseudonym of "H. Bennet" entitled The "Treasury of Wit", and by his first important historical work, the "Dissertation on the Origin and Progress of the Scythians or Goths", to which Gibbon acknowledged himself indebted.

paragraph: His edition of Barbour's "Bruce" and a "Medallic History of England to the Revolution" appeared in 1790; a collection of Scottish poems reprinted from scarce editions in 1792; and a series of biographical sketches, the "Iconographia scotica", in the years 1795 to 1797. In 1797 he published a "History of Scotland from the Accession of the House of Stuart to that of Mary" (which includes an edition of "The Dethe of the Kynge of Scotis"). A new biographical collection, the "Gallery of Eminent Persons of Scotland" (1799), was succeeded after a short interval by a "Modern Geography digested on a New Plan" (1802; enlarged 1807).

paragraph: Section::::Celtic/Gothic furore.

paragraph: Pinkerton next collected and printed in 1789 certain "Vitae sanctorum scotiae", and, a little later, published his "Enquiry into the History of Scotland preceding the Reign of Malcolm III". His assertion that the Celts were incapable of assimilating the highest forms of civilisation excited "violent disgust", but the Enquiry was twice reprinted, in 1794 and 1814, and is still of value for the documents embodied in it.

paragraph: Pinkerton very much wished to purge his country's history of all Celtic elements. In this aim, through two works, the "Dissertation on the Origins and Progress of the Scythians or Goths" (1787) and the "Enquiry into the History of Scotland preceding the reign of Malcolm III" (1789), he developed the theory that the Picts were in fact of the race of ancient Goths, that the Scots language was a pure descendant of the Picto-Gothic language; and, moreover, that the Gaels, or Highlanders, were a degenerate impostor race.

paragraph: In an effort to advance his theories, Pinkerton turned to comparing Celtic and Germanic philology. He wanted to show that Scotland's Celtic placenames were not Celtic at all—many of these attempts being discredited by modern scholars. Pinkerton thought, for instance, that "Aber" (as in Aberdeen) came from the German "über" rather than from the Celtic for confluence of a river, and likewise, that the Gaelic word "Inver" (equivalent of Aber) was a borrowing from Danish.

paragraph: To this end he set his energy to collecting and creating older Anglo-Scottish literature. This was all the more important as far as his agenda was concerned because of the "Celtomania" produced by the Ossian poems of James Macpherson. Many such works had been invented by Pinkerton. His "ancient" Anglo-Scottish tale of "Hardyknute" had in fact only been composed in 1719 by Lady Wardlaw of Pitreavie. Pinkerton subsequently invented a sequel to this epic, but after he was exposed by Joseph Ritson, he admitted to the forgery.

paragraph: Pinkerton's correspondence with fellow academics is characterised by verbal abuse. Hugh Trevor-Roper, one modern historian inclined to sympathise with at least the spirit of his views, called him "eccentric." Other historians have hinted at mild insanity. Despite this, Pinkerton is still an important figure in the history of British antiquarianism.

paragraph: Section::::Cartography.

paragraph: Pinkerton was a celebrated master of the Edinburgh school of cartography which lasted from roughly 1800 to 1830. Pinkerton, along with John Thomson & Co. and John Cary, redefined cartography by exchanging the elaborate cartouches and fantastical beasts used in the 18th century for more accurate detail. Pinkerton's main work was the ""Pinkerton's Modern Atlas"" published from 1808 through 1815 with an American version by Dobson & Co. in 1818. Pinkerton maps are today greatly valued for their quality, size, colouration, and detail.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: About 1818 he left London for Paris, where he made his headquarters until his death on 10 March 1826. He spent his later years impoverished. His remaining publications were the "Recollections of Paris in the years 1802–5" (1806); a very useful "General Collection of Voyages and Travels" (1808–1814); a "New Modern Atlas" (1808–1819); and his "Petralogy" (1811).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::Reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferguson, William, "The Identity of the Scottish Nation: An Historic Quest", (Edinburgh, 1998), pp. 250–273.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrick O'Flaherty: "Scotland's pariah : the life and work of John Pinkerton, 1758 - 1826", Toronto [u.a.] : Univ. of Toronto Press, 2015,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1911 Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short biography

description: British antiquarian

wikidata_label: John Pinkerton

wikipedia_title: John Pinkerton


text: Canadian

text: ice hockey

text: goaltender

text: Boston Bruins

text: National Hockey League

text: Calder Memorial Trophy

text: Toronto Maple Leafs

text: Colorado Avalanche

text: Vancouver Canucks

text: Dallas Stars

text: Hockey Milano Rossoblu

text: IF Björklöven

text: junior hockey

text: minor hockey

text: Ontario Minor Hockey Association

text: Ontario Hockey League

text: Kingston Frontenacs

text: Sudbury Wolves

text: Wellington Dukes

text: Boston Bruins

text: 1998 NHL Entry Draft

text: Byron Dafoe

text: Philadelphia Flyers

text: Florida Panthers

text: Providence Bruins

text: American Hockey League

text: goals against average

text: save percentage

text: shutout

text: Eastern Conference

text: 2004 Stanley Cup playoffs

text: Calder Memorial Trophy

text: 2004–05 NHL lockout

text: Djurgårdens IF

text: Elitserien

text: Tappara Tampere

text: SM-liiga

text: 2005–06 season

text: Tim Thomas

text: Hannu Toivonen

text: Toronto Maple Leafs

text: Tuukka Rask

text: 2006–07 season

text: Ottawa Senators

text: Ed Belfour

text: 2007–08 season

text: Vesa Toskala

text: Colorado Avalanche

text: Peter Budaj

text: Vancouver Canucks

text: Roberto Luongo

text: Cory Schneider

text: Los Angeles Kings

text: Columbus Blue Jackets

text: Dallas Stars

text: Kari Lehtonen

text: Texas Stars

text: Richard Bachman

text: lockout

text: Serie A

text: Milano Rossoblu

text: Kontinental Hockey League

text: IF Björklöven

text: 2013–14 season

text: Connecticut Huskies men's ice hockey

text: OHL

text: OHL Goaltender of the Year

text: Red Tilson Trophy

text: CHL

text: CHL Goaltender of the Year

text: NHL

text: NHL YoungStars Game

text: Calder Memorial Trophy

text: NHL All-Rookie Team

text: Andrew Raycroft on HockeyGoalies.org

categories: 1980 births,Kingston Frontenacs players,Colorado Avalanche players,Boston Bruins players,Boston Bruins draft picks,Texas Stars players,Toronto Maple Leafs players,Sportspeople from Belleville, Ontario,Calder Trophy winners,Vancouver Canucks players,Tappara players,Sudbury Wolves players,Living people,Providence Bruins players,IF Björklöven players,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Finland,Ice hockey people from Ontario,Canadian ice hockey goaltenders,Dallas Stars players

paragraph: Andrew Raycroft

paragraph: Andrew Joseph Ernest Raycroft (born May 4, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. Originally drafted by the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) 135th overall in 1998, he won the Calder Memorial Trophy with the club in 2004 as rookie of the year. Raycroft has also played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Colorado Avalanche, Vancouver Canucks, Dallas Stars, Hockey Milano Rossoblu and IF Björklöven.

paragraph: Since 2014, he has been a volunteer assistant coach for the University of Connecticut's men's hockey team. Raycroft is currently a studio analyst for the Boston Bruins broadcasts on NESN and a host on the hockey podcast "Breaking The Ice".

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Early years/Boston Bruins.

paragraph: Prior to entering the junior hockey ranks, Raycroft grew up playing minor hockey with the Quinte Red Devils AAA system in the Eastern Ontario AAA League of the Ontario Minor Hockey Association (OMHA). In 1997–98, he began a three-year career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), playing for the Kingston Frontenacs and Sudbury Wolves. He also played junior for the Wellington Dukes of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League (OPJAHL).

paragraph: Raycroft was drafted 135th overall by the Boston Bruins in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut in 2000–01 with the Bruins, replacing Byron Dafoe in a 5–1 victory over the Philadelphia Flyers. However, as a late-game replacement, he was not given the decision. Raycroft recorded his first NHL win two days later on October 9 in a 4–2 win over the Florida Panthers. Raycroft played 11 games total for the Bruins in his first season, while playing the majority of his first three professional seasons with the team's minor league affiliate, the Providence Bruins of the American Hockey League (AHL).

paragraph: After the Bruins renewed his contract on July 31, 2003, Raycroft played his first full NHL season in 2003–04, compiling a 29–18–9 record with a 2.05 goals against average (GAA), .926 save percentage and three shutouts. He helped lead the Bruins to a second-place finish in the regular season in the Eastern Conference "en route" to the 2004 Stanley Cup playoffs. Not having played enough games to qualify as a rookie in his previous three NHL seasons, Raycroft was awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy in 2004 as league rookie of the year.

paragraph: Due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Raycroft signed with Djurgårdens IF of the Swedish Elitserien on November 6, 2004. However, he did not play any games for the team and signed with Tappara Tampere of the Finnish SM-liiga several months later on January 17, 2005. When NHL play resumed, he struggled with the Bruins in the 2005–06 season, managing only eight wins while being a healthy scratch for the majority of the season. He was demoted to the Bruins' third-string position to starter Tim Thomas and rookie backup Hannu Toivonen.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Toronto Maple Leafs.

paragraph: The following off-season, on June 24, 2006, Raycroft was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for the rights to Finnish goaltending prospect Tuukka Rask. It was later revealed the Bruins intended to release him, which would have made him available to Toronto without any compensation at all. He began playing for the Maple Leafs in the 2006–07 season and earned his first shutout and win as a Leaf in a 6-0 victory against the Ottawa Senators on October 5, 2006. On April 3, 2007, Raycroft tied the Leafs' franchise record for most wins by a goaltender in the regular season (37), previously held by Ed Belfour in 2002–03 (Raycroft played more games than Belfour and earned three shootout wins, which did not exist prior to the 2005–06 season). Despite this record, he finished 49th in GAA and 56th in save percentage as the Leafs failed to qualify for the playoffs.

paragraph: Raycroft struggled at the start of the 2007–08 season and surrendered the starting position to Vesa Toskala. The Leafs then placed him on waivers on June 24, 2008,

paragraph: and bought out the remainder of his contract on June 27.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Colorado Avalanche.

paragraph: Several days after being bought out by the Maple Leafs, on July 1, he signed a one-year deal with the Colorado Avalanche. Despite being brought in to back-up Peter Budaj, Raycroft started the 2008–09 season strong, becoming only the second Avalanche goaltender to begin a season with a 9–1 record. In 31 games with the Avalanche, Raycroft posted a 12-16-0 record with a 3.14 GAA.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Vancouver Canucks.

paragraph: On July 6, 2009, Raycroft signed a one-year contract with the Vancouver Canucks. He earned the backup position behind Roberto Luongo after competing with prospect Cory Schneider during training camp. He recorded his first win with the Canucks in his first start on October 29 in a 2–1 shootout win against the Los Angeles Kings after Luongo was sidelined with a fractured rib. Raycroft faced his former Avalanche teammates several days later on November 1 and recorded his first shutout as a Canuck in a 3–0 win. Raycroft won his 100th NHL career game on February 12, 2010, in a 4–3 win over the Columbus Blue Jackets.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Dallas Stars.

paragraph: On July 1, 2010, Raycroft signed a two-year contract as a free agent with the Dallas Stars. He compiled an 8–5 record with a 2.83 GAA in his first season in Dallas, backing-up Stars starter Kari Lehtonen.

paragraph: On December 29, 2011, Raycroft was assigned to the Texas Stars, the Dallas Stars' AHL affiliate. Richard Bachman replaced Raycroft as backup to the Stars starter Lehtonen. He played in the minors for the remainder of his contract.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Europe.

paragraph: On July 3, 2012, with little NHL interest and an impending lockout on the horizon, Raycroft left his North American career to begin a new venture in Europe by signing to a one-year deal with Italian Serie A club, Milano Rossoblu. The Italian team has been in proposed talks to join the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

paragraph: On July 15, 2013, it was announced Raycroft would join IF Björklöven for the 2013–14 season.

paragraph: On April 9, 2014, Raycroft announced his retirement from professional hockey. He has since joined the Connecticut Huskies men's ice hockey as a volunteer assistant coach.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: OHL

paragraph: BULLET::::- Named to the First All-Star Team in 1999–2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Named the OHL Goaltender of the Year in 1999–2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won the Red Tilson Trophy in 1999–2000.

paragraph: CHL

paragraph: BULLET::::- Named CHL Goaltender of the Year in 1999–2000.

paragraph: NHL

paragraph: BULLET::::- Played in the NHL YoungStars Game in 2003–04.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 2003–04.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Named to the NHL All-Rookie Team in 2003–04.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Raycroft on HockeyGoalies.org

description: Canadian ice hockey goalie

wikidata_label: Andrew Raycroft

wikipedia_title: Andrew Raycroft


text:
Bishop of Poitiers
Archbishop of Lyon
Theobald of Canterbury
Henry II of England
Bishop of Poitiers
Council of Tours
Thomas Becket
Archbishop of Narbonne
Waldensians
Clairvaux
Cum Marthae circa

categories: 12th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Archbishops of Lyon,Bishops of Poitiers,1204 deaths

paragraph: John of Canterbury

paragraph: John of Canterbury (died 1204) was Bishop of Poitiers 1162 to 1181 and Archbishop of Lyon 1181 to 1193. He became a “cosmopolitan and much-respected churchman”.

paragraph: He began as a clerk to Theobald of Canterbury. He became Treasurer of York in 1152. At the wish of Henry II of England, he was made Bishop of Poitiers, and consecrated at the Council of Tours in 1163. He was a close supporter of Thomas Becket in his quarrel with Henry II.

paragraph: While he was elected Archbishop of Narbonne, that election was superseded by his election at Lyon and he did not take up the see. At Lyon, he forbade the preaching of the Waldensians.

paragraph: He resigned his position at Lyon, to become a monk at Clairvaux, where he lived out his life. He was the addressee in his retirement of an important papal letter, "Cum Marthae circa", dated 29 November 1202.

description: Archbishop of Lyon

wikidata_label: John of Canterbury

wikipedia_title: John of Canterbury


href: Estonia sculptor Order%20of%20the%20White%20Star Tartu

text:
Estonia
sculptor
Order of the White Star
Tartu

categories: Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 4th Class,People from Tartu,Estonian sculptors,1923 births,Living people

paragraph: Endel Taniloo

paragraph: Endel Eduard Taniloo, born Danilov (born 5 January 1923), is an Estonian sculptor and recipient of Order of the White Star in 2002. He was born in Tartu.

description: Estonian sculptor

wikidata_label: Endel Taniloo

wikipedia_title: Endel Taniloo


text: Isin

text: Babylon

text: Ur

text: famine

text: drought

text: Nabu-kudurri-uṣur

text: Enlil-nādin-apli

text: Assyria

text: Assur

text: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra

text: Adad

text: Šala

text: Assur

text: Arrapha

text: Suhu

text: kudurru

text: Luristan bronze

text: Sumerian

text: Opis

text: Amrân ibn ‘Ali kudurru

text: Walters Art Museum

text: Land grant to Adad-zer-iqiša kudurru

text: British Museum

text: Marduk-naṣir land purchase kudurru

text: National Museum of Iraq

text: Musée du Louvre

text: Kassite

text: ziggurat

text: Arameans

text: Kudurru image

categories: Babylonian kings,11th-century BC Babylonian kings,11th-century BC rulers

paragraph: Marduk-nadin-ahhe

paragraph: Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē, inscribed "-na-din-", ca. 1099–1082 BC, was the sixth king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin and the 4th Dynasty of Babylon. He is best known for his restoration of the Eganunmaḫ in Ur and the famines and droughts that accompanied his reign.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was related to all three of his immediate predecessors: his father was Ninurta-nādin-šumi, the third king, his brother was Nabu-kudurri-uṣur, the fourth king, and his nephew was Enlil-nādin-apli the fifth king, against whom he revolted and deposed. A reconstructed passage in the "Walker Chronicle" describes how while Enlil-nādin-apli was away campaigning in Assyria, supposedly marching to conquer the city of Assur itself, Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē and the nobles rebelled. On his return “to his land and his city. They [kill]ed him with the s[word].”

paragraph: His relationship with his Assyrian counterpart, Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, was antagonistic and he launched a raid early in his reign into Assyria, capturing the cultic idols of Adad and Šala from Ekallāte, a town only around thirty miles from Assur. For his part, Tukultī-apil-Ešarra led several retaliatory raids into the heartland of Babylonia, recalled with typical bombastic rhetoric:

paragraph: The Synchronistic History recalls the battles were in the first instance “by the Lower Zab, opposite Ahizûhina, and in the second year he defeated Marduk-nadin-ahhe at Gurmarritu, which is upstream from Akkad.” Although “Ugarsallu (immediately south of the Lesser Zab) he plundered as far as Lubda (located in the area of Arrapha). He ruled every part of Suhu (in the middle Euphrates Valley) as far as Rapiqu (southern border of Assyria),” these places are on the periphery of Babylonia and the idols were not recovered until centuries later:

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Kudurru tradition.

paragraph: There are seven kudurrus, two building inscriptions, four Luristan bronze daggers, one "belonging to Šamaš-killani, officer of the king," a Sumerian inscription on a copper cylinder and one unpublished garment inventory attesting to this king. The kudurrus show normal real estate activity in northern Babylonia. One, issued by Aradsu, son of Rišnunak, grants independence from forced labor for the residents living near the mouth of the Ṣalmani Canal, dated to his first year. Another gives land to a certain Adad-zer-iqiša in grateful thanks for his efforts fighting the Assyrians and is dated to his 10th year. One of the witnesses is given as Abullu-tetaparâu, the son of the king of Babylon. Another, dated to his 13th year, confirms the ownership of seven of arable land to a certain Iqīša-Ninurta and is witnessed in the city of Opis.

paragraph: Another kudurru dated eight months earlier in the same year granted Iddin-Ninurta, a leather worker, two of land and was witnessed by the same seven officers of royal service: Irība-Ištarān, the governor of Isin, Bābilāiu, the chamberlain, Eulmaš-šākin-šumi, the marshall, Marduk-andulli, the vizier, Enlil-mukîn-apli, the commandant, Ea-kudirri-ibni, the provincial governor and Nabû-nādin-aḫḫē, the overseer of the storehouse. As this was from Kār-Bēl-mātāti, a town probably in the vicinity of Babylon, it is thought the men were courtiers who accompanied the king in his travels. Only two of these officials, Bābilāiu and Nabû-nādin-aḫḫē, had been in office during Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē's first year, as they appeared in the sequence of seven witnesses on the earliest, "Aradsu, son of Rišnunak," kudurru. Another is a deed recording Marduk-naṣir’s purchase of land from Amêl-Enlil, son of Khanbi, for a chariot, saddles, two asses, an ox, grain, oil, and certain garments. This gives Šapiku, the son of Itti-Marduk-balāṭu, the “son” of Arad-Ea, as the land-surveyor and this is probably the same individual as the last witness, “scribe” and “son of Arad-Ea,” on a kudurru dated to Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē’s eighth year.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Kudurrus dated to his reign.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Amrân ibn ‘Ali kudurru in the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Land grant to Adad-zer-iqiša kudurru, in the British Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marduk-naṣir land purchase kudurru, in the British Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aradsu, son of Rišnunak, tax exemption tablet, in the British Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iqīša-Ninurta land deed confirmation kudurru, in the National Museum of Iraq

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Warwick (“Land grant to Iddin-Ninurta”) Kudurru, Warwickshire Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Land purchase kudurru with a secondary inscription of Marduk-šāpik-zēri, in the Yale Babylonian Collection

paragraph: Also assigned to this era is the undated Caillou Michaux (kudurru), in the Musée du Louvre.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Other sources.

paragraph: He restored the Eganunmaḫ at Ur, without any apparent alteration to the plan of Kassite king Kurigalzu’s (Kurigalzu I or II undetermined) original plan, and constructed a “kitchen complex” on the northwest side of the ziggurat. Three inscribed door-sockets were found at the sanctuary. He may be portrayed by the 3rd king in the Prophecy A, whose reign is a successful and fertile 18 years, but whose rule comes to end in a revolt. According to a later commentator, a certain Ea-mušallim provided him with an astrological report ("ittu ina šamȇ") concerning a solar eclipse in 1090.

paragraph: Sadly, it was not to be, as he seems to have lost his throne and “disappeared” ("šadâ ēmid") following the disruptions caused by Arameans migrating into Mesopotamia under the pressure from famine, the Babylonians themselves apparently resorting to cannibalism, "[...they] ate one another's flesh..."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kudurru image

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article discussing "Marduk-nadin-ahhe Kudurru", (Boundary Stone)

wikidata_label: Marduk-nadin-ahhe

wikipedia_title: Marduk-nadin-ahhe


text:
U.S. Representative
Florida
Franklin, Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky
Brevards Academy
Franklin, Kentucky
Macon, Georgia
Polk County, Florida
citrus
mayor of Lakeland
Democrat
Sixty-fifth
Lakeland, Florida

categories: Members of the United States House of Representatives from Florida,1947 deaths,Presidents of the Florida Senate,Florida state senators,Members of the Florida House of Representatives,County commissioners in Florida,1863 births,Florida Democrats

paragraph: Herbert J. Drane

paragraph: Herbert Jackson Drane (June 20, 1863 – August 11, 1947) was a U.S. Representative from Florida.

paragraph: Born in Franklin, Kentucky, Drane attended the public schools of Louisville, Kentucky, and Brevards Academy at Franklin, Kentucky.

paragraph: He moved to Macon, Georgia, in 1881, and to Lakeland (of which he was one of the founders), Polk County, Florida, in November 1883.

paragraph: He became editor of the local newspaper and also engaged in the real-estate and insurance business, railway construction, and in the growing of citrus fruits.

paragraph: He served as mayor of Lakeland 1888-1892.

paragraph: County commissioner of Polk County 1896-1899.

paragraph: Chief engrossing clerk of the State house of representatives 1889-1901.

paragraph: He served as member of the State house of representatives 1903-1905.

paragraph: He served in the State senate 1913-1917, being its president from 1913 to 1915.

paragraph: Drane was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fifth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1933).

paragraph: He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932.

paragraph: He served as member of the Federal Power Commission 1933-1937.

paragraph: He resumed the real estate and insurance businesses, property management, and the growing of citrus fruits.

paragraph: He died in Lakeland, Florida, on August 11, 1947.

paragraph: He was interred in Roselawn Cemetery.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Herbert J. Drane

wikipedia_title: Herbert J. Drane


text: United States Representative

text: Kentucky

text: Judge

text: Court of Claims

text: Christian County

text: Kentucky

text: James A. McKenzie

text: Kent College of Law

text: Chicago-Kent College of Law

text: read law

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: Railway Mail Service

text: Bowling Green

text: Warren County

text: Republican

text: John Stockdale Rhea

text: United States House of Representatives

text: 57th United States Congress

text: 58th United States Congress

text: Office of Alien Property Custodian

text: Bureau of Internal Revenue

text: Internal Revenue Service

text: Calvin Coolidge

text: Court of Claims

text: United States Court of Claims

text: George Eddy Downey

text: United States Senate

text: Washington, D.C.

text: LaFayette

categories: Kentucky Republicans,20th-century American judges,Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives,Members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky,Kentucky state court judges,1929 deaths,1868 births,Judges of the United States Court of Claims,United States Article I federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge

paragraph: J. McKenzie Moss

paragraph: John McKenzie Moss (January 3, 1868 – June 11, 1929) was a United States Representative from Kentucky and a Judge of the Court of Claims.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: Born on January 3, 1868, on a farm near Bennettstown, an unincorporated community in Christian County, Kentucky, Moss was a nephew of James A. McKenzie. He attended the common and private schools, then attended the Kent College of Law (now the Chicago-Kent College of Law) and read law with W.G. and A.T. Ewing in Chicago, Illinois in 1893. He worked for the Railway Mail Service from 1888 to 1891. He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in Bowling Green, Warren County, Kentucky and adjoining counties from 1893 to 1902.

paragraph: Section::::Congressional service.

paragraph: Moss successfully contested as a Republican the election of John Stockdale Rhea to the United States House of Representatives of the 57th United States Congress and served from March 25, 1902, to March 3, 1903. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1902 to the 58th United States Congress.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Moss returned to private practice in Bowling Green from 1903 to 1909. He was a Judge of the Kentucky Circuit Court for the Eighth Judicial District from 1909 to 1921. He worked in the Office of Alien Property Custodian from 1921 to 1922, as assistant general counsel from 1921 to 1922 and as general counsel in 1922. He was Deputy Commissioner of the Bureau of Internal Revenue (now the Internal Revenue Service) in charge of estate and capital tax in the United States Department of the Treasury from 1922 to 1923. He was an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury from 1923 to 1926.

paragraph: Section::::Federal judicial service.

paragraph: Moss was nominated by President Calvin Coolidge on May 26, 1926, to a seat on the Court of Claims (later the United States Court of Claims) vacated by Judge George Eddy Downey. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 7, 1926, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on June 11, 1929, due to his death in Washington, D.C. He was interred in Powell Cemetery in LaFayette, Christian County, Kentucky.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: J. McKenzie Moss

wikipedia_title: J. McKenzie Moss


text: Fajã de Baixo

text: Ponta Delgada

text: São Miguel

text: Azores

text: Lisbon

text: Hino dos Açores

text: Azores

text: José Saramago

text: Manuel da Fonseca

text: Urbano Tavares Rodrigues

text: Capelas

text: São Miguel

text: Lisbon

text: Antero de Quental

text: Vitorino Nemésio

text: surrealism

text: Galician-Portuguese

text: mysticism

text: Estado Novo

text: António Oliveira Salazar

text: Novas Cartas Portuguesas

text: Partido Popular Democrático

text: Henry Miller

text: Graham Greene

text: Ionesco

text: Rio de Nuvens

text: Manuel de Lima

text: Comunicação

text: O Surrealismo na Poesia Portuguesa

text: A Mulher, antologia poética

text: Antologia de Poesia do Período Barroco

text: O Armistício

text: Sonetos Românticos

text: A Estrela de Cada Um

text: Info

text: Info

text: Info

text: Info

categories: 1992 deaths,People from São Miguel Island,20th-century Portuguese women writers,Portuguese women poets,20th-century Portuguese poets,Portuguese women essayists,Portuguese women novelists,Azorean writers,Portuguese journalists,1923 births,Portuguese essayists,20th-century novelists

paragraph: Natália Correia

paragraph: Natália de Oliveira Correia, (13 September 1923 in Fajã de Baixo (Ponta Delgada), São Miguel, Azores – 16 March 1993 in Lisbon) was an intellectual, poet and social activist, as well as author of the official lyrics of the "Hino dos Açores", the regional anthem of Autonomous Region of the Azores. Her work crossed various genres of Portuguese media, and collaborated with many Portuguese and international publications. A member of the Portuguese National Assembly (1980–1991), she regularly intervened politically on the side of arts and culture, in the defense of human rights and rights of women. Along with José Saramago, Armindo Magalhães, Manuel da Fonseca and Urbano Tavares Rodrigues, she helped to create the FNDC, "Frente Nacional para a Defesa da Cultura" (the National Front for the Defense of Culture). She was a central figure in the artistic scene, who met with peoples central to Portuguese culture and literature in the 1950s and 1960s. Her works have been translated into various languages.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Natália Correia was the daughter of Maria José de Oliveira (born in Capelas, São Miguel, a primary school teacher who had a small success with writing romances, during the 1940s) and Manuel de Medeiros Correia, married in 1918. At the age of eleven, the young Natália, her older sister (Carmen de Oliveira Correia) and mother moved to Lisbon, while their father emigrated to Brazil. She began her studies in Lisbon, and quickly found her interest in literature (publishing her first work, for children: A Grande Aventura de Um Pequeno Herói), and specifically poetry.

paragraph: She continued her Arts career in drama, romance, translation, journalism, and editing, becoming familiar with the media in all its forms, as well as television. It was during her work on the program Mátria that she advocated her own special form of feminism, which flowed counter to the politically correct format of the movement. She called it matricismo, where she showed the woman as an archetype of liberal eroticism: passionate and feminine; later her literary notions of Patria' (the nation or fatherland) and "Mátria" (the woman) would be extended to Fratria (fraternity).

paragraph: Correia's deep affection for her native island's natural beauty is demonstrated profoundly in the themes, images and symbols portrayed in her works, as well as by her affinity for the contemporary authors Antero de Quental and Vitorino Nemésio. She was much influenced by surrealism, Galician-Portuguese poetry, and mysticism, and her works span the spectrum from poetic romanticism to satire. She worked in many different genres: poetry, essays, theater, and anthologies.

paragraph: With a talent for oratory and a combative nature, she became active in the movements in opposition to the Estado Novo regime of António Oliveira Salazar, participating in the "Movimento de Unidade Democrática" (Movement for Democratic Unity) in 1945, and supporting the Presidential candidacies of Generals Norton de Matos (1949) and Humberto Delgado (1958), as well as joining the "Comissão Eleitoral de Unidade Democrática" (Electoral Commission of the Democratic Unity), 1969. For her activism she was condemned to three years in prison, with a suspended sentence, for the publication of her work Antologia da Poesia Portuguesa Erótica e Satírica (Anthology of Portuguese Erotic Poetry and Satire), considered offensive by the authorities in 1966. She was also tried for editorial responsibility for Novas Cartas Portuguesas (New Portuguese Letters) written by Maria Isabel Barreno, Maria Velho da Costa and Maria Teresa Horta. Natália was responsible for coordinating the publications of Editora Arcádia, one of the important Portuguese editors at the time.

paragraph: In 1971, with colleagues Isabel Meireles, Júlia Marenha and Helena Roseta, she started the Bar Botequim, where during the decades between 1970 and 1980 she met with a great part of the Portuguese intellectual community.

paragraph: In 1980, she was elected to Parliament as a member of the PPD (Partido Popular Democrático).

paragraph: She was a friend of António Sérgio, associated with Movimento da Filosofia Portuguesa (Movement of Portuguese Philosophy), David Mourão-Ferreira, José-Augusto França, Luiz Pacheco, Almada Negreiros, Mário Cesariny, Ary dos Santos, Amália Rodrigues, Fernando Dacosta, just to name a few. An enthusiast of the café-concert scene in Portugal, she supported her friend the cross-dresser Guida Scarllaty (the actor Carlos Ferreira). Her home was also a stage for famous writers such as Henry Miller, Graham Greene and Ionesco.

paragraph: In 1991, Correia received the Grand Prize in Poetry from the Associação Portuguesa de Escritores (Association of Portuguese Writers), for her book Sonetos Românticos (Romantic Sonnets). In the same year, she was conferred the Ordem da Liberdade (Order of Liberty); she was already the holder of the Ordem de Santiago (Order of St. James).

paragraph: She was married four times: in 1942, to Álvaro Pereira, in 1949, to William Creighton Hyler, in 1950, to Alfredo Machado and in March 1990, to Dórdio Leal Guimarães. It was Alfredo Luiz Machado (1904–1989), her "great passion", much older and a widower that marked her personal life (the love letters from the youthful Correia to the much older Machado are themselves literary). Her 1990 marriage to Dórdio Guimarães, at 67 years of age, was much more a marriage of convenience with a collaborator and friend.

paragraph: Natália Correia died in the early morning of 16 March 1993 in Lisbon, of a heart-attack, after returning from the Bar Botequim. In her will, the Azorean bequeathed many of her possessions to the Autonomous Region of the Azores; a permanent exposition in the Public Library and Regional Archive in Ponta Delgada celebrates her literary history. The institution holds many of her literary works (which it shares with the National Library of Lisbon), including many unedited volumes, biographical documents, iconography and correspondence, as well as many works of art her private library.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grandes Aventuras de um Pequeno Herói" = "Great Adventures of A Little Hero" (infantile romance), 1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anoiteceu no Bairro" (romance), 1946 ; 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rio de Nuvens" (poem), 1947

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Descobri Que Era Europeia: impressões duma viagem à América, 1951 ; 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sucubina ou a Teoria do Chapéu" (theatrical), with Manuel de Lima, 1952

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poemas" = "Poems" (poem), 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dimensão Encontrada" (poem), 1957

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Progresso de Édipo" (dramatic poem), 1957

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passaporte" = "Passport" (poem), 1958

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poesia de Arte e Realismo Poético" ("Art Poems and Poetic Realisms") (essay), 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Comunicação" = "Communication" (dramatic poem), 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cântico do País Emerso (poem), 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Questão Académica de 1907" ("An Academic Question of 1907") (essay), 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Antologia de Poesia Portuguesa Erótica e Satírica: dos cancioneiros medievais à actualidade" (anthology), 1965 ; 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Homúnculo, tragédia jocosa (theatrical), 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mátria" (poem), 1967 a

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Madona" (romance), 1968 ; 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Encoberto" (theatrical), 1969 ; 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Vinho e a Lira" (poem), 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cantares dos Trovadores Galego-Portugueses" (anthology), 1970 ; 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- "As Maçãs de Orestes" (poem), 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trovas de D. Dinis, [Trobas d'el Rey D. Denis]" (poem), 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Mosca Iluminada" (poem), 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Surrealismo na Poesia Portuguesa" ("The Surrealism in Portuguese Poetry") (anthology), 1973 ; 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Mulher, antologia poética" (anthology), 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Anjo do Ocidente à Entrada do Ferro" (poem), 197llc3

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Uma Estátua para Herodes" (Ensaio), 1974

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poemas a Rebate", (poem), 1975

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Epístola aos Iamitas" (poem), 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Não Percas a Rosa. Diário e algo mais (25 de Abril de 1974 - 20 de Dezembro de 1975)" (diary), 1978 ; 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Dilúvio e a Pomba" (poem), 1979

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Erros Meus, Má Fortuna, Amor Ardente" (theatrical), 1981 ; 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Antologia de Poesia do Período Barroco" ("Poetic Anthology of the Baroque Period") (anthology), 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Notas para uma Introdução às Cantigas de Escárnio e de Mal-Dizer Galego-Portuguesas" (essay), 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "a" (anthology), 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Ilha de Circe" ("Circe's Island") (romance), 1983 ; 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Pécora, peça escrita em 1967 (theatrical), 1983 ; 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Armistício" (poem) = "The Armistice, 1985 a

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Onde está o Menino Jesus?" , 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Somos Todos Hispanos" (essay), 1988 ; 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonetos Românticos" ("Romantic Sonnets") (poem), 1990 ; 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- "As Núpcias" (Romance), 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Sol nas Noites e o Luar nos Dias" ("The Sun in the Nights And The Moon During The Days") (complete poem), 1993 ; 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memória da Sombra, versos para esculturas de António Matos" (poem), 1993l

paragraph: BULLET::::- "D. João e Julieta, peça escrita em 1959" (theatrical), 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Ibericidade na Dramaturgia Portuguesa" (essay), 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Breve História da Mulher e outros escritos" (anthology), 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Estrela de Cada Um" (anthology), 2004

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Info

paragraph: BULLET::::- Info

paragraph: BULLET::::- Info

paragraph: BULLET::::- (in English) Info

description: Portuguese writer

enwikiquote_title: Natália Correia

wikidata_label: Natália Correia

wikipedia_title: Natália Correia


text:
heavy metal
Anthrax
Red Lamb
Chopard
Overkill
Anthrax
Fistful of Metal
Armed and Dangerous
Spreading the Disease
Among the Living
State of Euphoria
Persistence of Time
Sound of White Noise
WOSTEP
Great Big Story
Alive 2
Red Lamb
Dave Mustaine
autism
Journey
Deen Castronovo
Rockland County, New York
Messianic Judaism
Dave Spitz
autism
Away We Go
stents
Jackson Guitars
Randy Rhoads
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
Grover Jackson
Paul Reed Smith Guitars
Mesa/Boogie
Keeley-modded
Boss DS-1
Fistful of Metal
Armed and Dangerous
Spreading the Disease
Among the Living
State of Euphoria
Persistence of Time
Sound of White Noise
Alive 2
Red Lamb

categories: Anthrax (American band) members,20th-century American guitarists,American performers of Christian music,1963 births,Converts to Christianity from Judaism,American people of Jewish descent,Jewish American musicians,Jewish heavy metal musicians,American male guitarists,Living people,American heavy metal guitarists

paragraph: Dan Spitz

paragraph: Daniel Alan Spitz (born January 28, 1963) is an American musician and watchmaker best known for his work as the lead guitarist of the American heavy metal band Anthrax from 1983 to 1995 and from 2005 to 2008. With Anthrax, Spitz was nominated for three Grammy awards and earned several platinum albums. Spitz also founded the Christian music group Red Lamb, which was known for lyrics on autism awareness. Spitz has earned Swiss and American degrees in luxury mechanical watchmaking and micro-mechanical engineering, certified as watchmaker instructor for the North American operations of Swiss watch company Chopard.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Dan Spitz was an early member of Overkill in 1981 and joined Anthrax in 1983. From 1983 to 1995, he was lead guitarist and backing vocalist on the Anthrax albums "Fistful of Metal", "Armed and Dangerous", "Spreading the Disease", "Among the Living", "State of Euphoria", "Persistence of Time", "Sound of White Noise", earning him multiple RIAA-certified gold and platinum records. Anthrax sold more than 30 million albums worldwide during this period.

paragraph: In 1995, Spitz left Anthrax to pursue a career in luxury Swiss watchmaking, attending the Swiss watchmaking school WOSTEP on a full scholarship. He was certified a Mechanical Complications Specialist, earning Swiss degrees in micro-mechanical engineering, and opened his own luxury watch service. In 2012 Spitz was voted the number 1 interview of the year for the watchmaking magazine "Hodinkee". In 2016, the production company Great Big Story produced a documentary on Spitz's work as a watchmaker.

paragraph: Spitz reunited with Anthrax for a classic lineup reunion tour in 2005, appearing on the tour DVD "Alive 2". He left the band again in 2008 to return to his watchmaking career. In 2010 Spitz formed a new Christian rock/metal band Red Lamb, which also included singer Don Chaffin from Voices of Extreme and keyboardist Chris Vrenna. Dave Mustaine was an early member but ultimately stepped back into a songwriting role with Spitz. Mustaine and Spitz wrote the song "Puzzle Box" which was claimed to be the first heavy metal song to deal with autism; the song's video featured Bob and Suzanne Wright, co-founders of Autism Speaks. In 2017, Spitz formed another Christian metal band with former Journey drummer Deen Castronovo.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Spitz was born in a small town in Rockland County, New York as the second son of a lawyer and a high school substitute teacher. Spitz comes from an orthodox Levite tribe Jewish family and converted to Christianity / Messianic Judaism in 1993. His older brother is heavy metal bassist/guitarist Dave Spitz.

paragraph: Spitz has two daughters from his first marriage. Spitz also has identical twin sons who were born in 2007; they were diagnosed with autism at 16 months of age. The Spitz twins were in numerous movies and television commercials before their autism diagnosis, including the film "Away We Go". In June 2009, Spitz had a massive heart attack, causing him to undergo an emergency triple bypass. He fully recovered but required stents in many arteries. Spitz divorced his second wife in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Spitz was originally known for his use of Jackson Guitars (he was famous for his Jackson Randy Rhoads model with the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles painted on them), and he collaborated on guitar designs with Grover Jackson. During the Anthrax Reunion tour, Spitz endorsed Paul Reed Smith Guitars, using a custom model with a "Spitz" head stock. This guitar was also painted with Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles by tattoo artist and painter JR Linton. Spitz terminated his endorsement with PRS after leaving Anthrax in 2007.

paragraph: In the early days of Anthrax, Spitz used Marshall amplifiers, using one of the first incarnations of a pre JCM800 derived from a collaboration with Jim Marshall. Around the time of "Among the Living," Spitz switched to Mesa/Boogie, using many Mark IIC heads modified by Spitz. During the Anthrax Reunion in 2005–2007, Spitz used Matchless heads and Marshall point-to-point wired 2203 modded heads he hand-built himself that were pushed by a Keeley-modded Boss DS-1.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Anthrax.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fistful of Metal" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Armed and Dangerous" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spreading the Disease" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Among the Living" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "State of Euphoria" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Persistence of Time" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sound of White Noise" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alive 2" (2005)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Red Lamb.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Red Lamb" (2012)

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Dan Spitz

wikipedia_title: Dan Spitz