text:
trotting
Saratoga, New York
Chicago, Illinois
Racine College
Racine, Wisconsin
Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company
department store
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company
World's Columbian Exposition
Manhattan
New York City
Fifth Avenue
53rd Street
Fort Tryon Park
granary
Harlem Speedway
West 155th Street
Dyckman Street
Harlem River Drive
Louis Sherry
44th Street
fox hunt
Byron Company
Jockey Club
Jamaica Race Course
Jamaica, Queens
harness racing
Madison Square Garden
West 196th Street
Fort Washington Road
Guy Lowell
Charles Downing Lay
squash court
bowling alley
Riverside Drive
West 181st Street
Buchman & Fox
Henry Hudson Parkway
Vanadis
John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
63rd Street
Olmsted Brothers
Locust Valley, New York
Long Island
Georgian Revival style
Morton F. Plant
Kanawha
Vanadis
Riddarholmen
Stockholm
Lady Hutton
Barbara Hutton
James River
Virginia
Curles Neck Farm
Colorado Springs
Colorado
Lake Geneva, Wisconsin
Union Carbide and Carbon Company
Belmont Park
gelding
Kentucky Derby
Omar Khayyam
Memphis, Tennessee
Santa Barbara, California
Cleveland, Ohio
Jean-Charles Cazin
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
John Crome
Charles-François Daubigny
Jules Dupré
Charles Jacque
Jean-François Millet
Théodore Rousseau
Constant Troyon
Félix Ziem
Broad Street
Pierre Hotel
Graceland Cemetery
Philo Vance
The Dragon Murder Case
S. S. Van Dine
Billings Park
Superior, Wisconsin
CKG Billings Estate

categories: Equestrians,People from Chicago,1861 births,1937 deaths,People from Manhattan,People from Locust Valley, New York,People from Saratoga Springs, New York,People from Santa Barbara, California,Industrialists,Horse breeders,Philanthropists from New York (state)

paragraph: C. K. G. Billings

paragraph: Cornelius Kingsley Garrison Billings (September 17, 1861 – May 6, 1937) was an American industrialist tycoon, philanthropist, art collector, and a noted horseman and horse breeder. An eccentric man, Billings invested much of his time and money promoting the sport of trotting, also known as "harness racing" or "matinee racing".

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Billings was born in Saratoga, New York on September 17, 1861, the son of Albert M. Bilings, a resident of Vermont, and Augusta S. Billings née Farnsworth. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois from the age of three, attended schools in Chicago, and then Racine College in Racine, Wisconsin. When he finished college at 17 years old in 1879, he joined the Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company – of which his father was a principal investor and president – beginning as a laborer. When he became the firm's president in 1887, he brought about the mergers from 1895 to 1910 of 12 gas companies into Peoples Gas. He became chairman of the board of the company in 1901, a position he held until 1911.

paragraph: In 1885, Billings married Blanche E. MacLeish, whose father, Andrew MacLeish, was one of the founders of the Chicago department store Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company. They had a son, Albert Merritt Billings, who died in 1926; Billings endowed the Billings Memorial Hospital in Chicago as tribute to him. They also had a daughter, who married Halstead Van der Poel.

paragraph: During his years in Chicago, Billings was the founder and a charter member of the Chicago Athletic Club, served on the West Park Commission, and on the board of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.

paragraph: In 1901, at the age of 40, Billings, who had inherited a controlling interest in Peoples Gas, but had retired from the day-to-day running of the company, moved to Manhattan, New York City, where he and his family lived in a townhouse on Fifth Avenue at 53rd Street.

paragraph: Billings, who owned 75 racing or trotting horses, would later build an extensive estate in Upper Manhattan, on the site of what is now Fort Tryon Park, but first built a stable there, at the cost of $200,000. It was completed in 1903. The stable, which was long and wide and two stories tall "with numerous towers and cupolas", had 22 box stalls and 9 straight stalls, a outdoor training ring, a -by- sleigh room, feed rooms, a hayloft, and a 5,000 bushel zinc-lined granary. It also had a gymnasium, a blacksmith shop with forge, a trophy room to display Billings' awards from the amateur races he won, and two five-room suites of living quarters. The interior was designed in oak and Georgia pine. The stable had steam heat, electric light, and hot water, all provided by its dynamo room. About twenty-five men were employed.

paragraph: Nearby the stable was a 14-room -by- lodge for guests, which featured an -tall observation tower.

paragraph: The site was conveniently near to the Harlem Speedway, built in 1894-89 for the exclusive use of riders on horseback and horse-drawn carriages. It ran from West 155th Street to Dyckman Street. Rich New Yorkers used the Speedway to train their horses and size up those of their friends and competitors. The Speedway was eventually paved and became the beginning of the Harlem River Drive.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Dinner on horseback.

paragraph: Billings wished to celebrate the completion of his trotting stable, and his selection to be the head of the New York Equestrian Club, by giving a dinner for 36 of his male horse-riding friends in the stable on March 29, 1903. He engaged the noted restaurateur Louis Sherry to cater the event, but to avoid reporters who staked out the estate after news of the dinner had spread, Billings changed the venue at Sherry's suggestion to the grand ballroom of Sherry's restaurant at Fifth Avenue and 44th Street. The ballroom had been decorated to look like an English country estate, complete with imitation brooks. Wanting he and his guests to be mounted on horses while they ate, the floor was covered with turf. The horses, which were docile animals rented from nearby riding academies, were brought to the fourth-floor ballroom via the freight elevator. The participants, arranged in a circle, ate from specially built silver trays which were attached to their saddles and drank through rubber tubes connected to iced bottles of champagne in their saddlebags. The waiters, one for each diner, served the numerous courses dressed as if grooms at a fox hunt. The 32 docile horses were each attended by an elaborately dressed groom, and near the end of the evening elaborate troughs filled with oats were brought in for the horses to eat from.

paragraph: The evening concluded with a vaudeville show.

paragraph: The $50,000 bill for the dinner (equivalent to $ in ) included the cost of a photographer from the celebrated Byron Company to document the event.

paragraph: Two days later, Billings officially opened his new stable with a luncheon for members of the Equestrian Club and other wealthy horsemen and dignitaries from around the country. Some rode there on horseback, but most traveled by elevated train to the 155th Street station located at the Harlem Speedway, and were conveyed to the stable by automobiles.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Billings sells his horses.

paragraph: In 1903, Billings, who was a prominent member of the Jockey Club and was part-owner of the Jamaica Race Course in Jamaica, Queens, was regarded as a "Grand Marshal" of harness racing ("trotting" or "matinee racing"), but in November 1905, just two years after his stable was completed, he sold his stock of horses at Madison Square Garden, saying that he proposed to go abroad for a few years. Billings held back only three horses from the sale, plus one that was withdrawn because it was lame. The sale of 18 horses brought in $46,270, with the top seller bringing in $10,500.

paragraph: Section::::Estates.

paragraph: Section::::Estates.:Tryon Hall.

paragraph: The Billings' mansion at West 196th Street and Fort Washington Road was designed by Guy Lowell, who enlarged the lodge which had been built as part of the stables. It was organized around a central courtyard with a fountain. Landscape architect Charles Downing Lay designed the grounds. Billings called it "Tryon Hall", after Fort Tryon, which had been located there, itself named after Sir William Tryon, who was the last Governor of the English colony of New York. The mansion stood on one of the highest points in Manhattan, overlooking the Hudson River to the west, and the Broadway Valley to the east.

paragraph: By 1907, Billings, his wife, two children, and 23 servants had moved from their Manhattan townhouse into the massive Louis XIV-style chateau, now their full-time residence. It included an observatory tower topped by an octagonal room, which had a 360-degree unobstructed view. The estate had a casino with a swimming pool, squash court and bowling alley for entertaining, as well as Billings' extensive stables and an area to exercise his horses.

paragraph: The entrance to the estate was originally at the top of the hill, approached via Riverside Drive and West 181st Street, to Fort Washington Road, but the upper part of Riverside Drive was completed at about the same time as Billings' mansion, and he wanted a driveway which connected the mansion directly to that section of the roadway. Unfortunately, there was a steep cliff between the road and the mansion. Billings' hired the firm of Buchman & Fox to find a solution, which they did: granite was removed from the cliff to allow a passage for a zig-zagging driveway, and the stone was then used both as a retaining wall, and for the construction of an arched viaduct that the driveway initially passed through. The arched passage became known as the "Billings Arcade". The entrance to the driveway had granite pillars that were tall, which supported tall gates which were wide.

paragraph: The entire driveway project took a year for over a hundred workers to complete, at the cost of $250,000. It raised the overall cost of the estate to more than $2 million. The Billings Arcade still remains as part of Fort Tryon Park, as does part of the driveway, now used as a pedestrian path. Another remnant is a gardener's cottage, originally a gatehouse for the estate's upper entrance, now used for park offices. The gateposts of the driveway entrance to the estate were refurbished in 2017. The driveway no longer connects to the roadway which was once Riverside Drive and is now the northbound side of the Henry Hudson Parkway.

paragraph: In the nearby Hudson River, Billings kept his yacht, "Vanadis" which was built in 1908.

paragraph: Billings sold his Tryon Hall estate in 1917 to John D. Rockefeller, Jr.. His family had already moved into an apartment on Fifth Avenue and 63rd Street, which has 21 rooms, and for which he paid $20,000 a year in rent. Rockefeller was assembling parcels for the creation of a park designed by the Olmsted Brothers which he planned to develop and then give to the city – this eventually became Fort Tryon Park. As part of Rockefeller's plan, he was going to tear down Tryon Hall but was held back by popular sentiment. During World War I, he offered use of the house to the U.S. government as a hospital, and was prepared to outlay $500,000 for the conversion, but this did not happen. After that, the mansion was rented to Nicolas C. Partos of the Partola Manufacturing Company, at first for the summer of 1918, but then extending for years. Partos and his family was still in residence when the building burned down on March 7, 1926.

paragraph: Section::::Estates.:Farnsworth.

paragraph: After leaving Tryon Hall, Billings moved to another grand estate he had built, this one called "Farnsworth", named for his mother's family, and located in Locust Valley, New York, on Long Island. It was again designed by Guy Lowell, this time in the Georgian Revival style, with the landscaping of the extensive grounds designed by Andrew Robeson Sargent of Boston. The buildings alone on the estate cost $1,550,000 in 1915. Although Georgian in style, Lowell designed it to be similar to an Italian villa, in that the mansion was built around a patio at its center. The house featured 11 master bedrooms with 9 baths and 19 servants bedrooms with 4 baths. The appointments were expensive and luxurious.

paragraph: Despite the grandeur of the surrounding, Billings did not stay in Farnsworth any longer than he had in Tryon Hall. With World War 1 raging, and his health failing, Farnsworth began to sell off his East Coast properties in preparation for moving to California.

paragraph: Billings moored his yacht "Vanadis" in the nearby waters. In 1916, he had sold the original "Vanadis" to Morton F. Plant in return for the smaller yacht "Kanawha", after the "Vanadis" struck the steamship "Bunker Hill", killing two people. In 1924, Billings ordered a second, larger yacht – long – which he also named "Vanadis". This ship is now anchored at Riddarholmen in Stockholm, and is now the hotel Mälardrottningen, with the ship rechristened as "Lady Hutton", after the actress Barbara Hutton.

paragraph: Section::::Estates.:Other estates.

paragraph: At various times, Billings also owned a estate on the James River in Virginia called Curles Neck Farm, which he bought in 1913 and developed into one of the country's prime horse-breeding facilities. He had another estate in Colorado Springs, Colorado and a summer home in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.

paragraph: When he moved to Santa Barbara, Billings had a mansion built in the hills of that city, which he called "Asombrosa". It was damaged by an earthquake in the mid-1930s, and he had another, smaller, house built nearby.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In 1911, Billings became the Chairman of the Board of Union Carbide and Carbon Company – a company he helped to found – a position he held until his death in 1937. His mother died in 1913, leaving him $450,000; at that time his net worth was estimated to be $30 million, equivalent to $ million in . At one time he was reported to be one of the five richest men in the United States.

paragraph: Around 1915, Billings – a member of the Turf and Field Club at Belmont Park – was said to be the owner of the fastest stallion, mare, and gelding in the world. He was also part-owner of the Kentucky Derby-winning Omar Khayyam. He was also the principal investor in the Billings Parks race track in Memphis, Tennessee, which eventually closed because of anti-betting laws passed by that state. At one time he bought a controlling interest in the Kentucky Breeder's Association, which prevented that organization from going under. The association was reorganized, and Billings later donated his stock to the group.

paragraph: Billings moved to Santa Barbara, California in 1917, but maintained ownership of "Farnsworth" on Long Island, where he kept some of his horses. Others were kept at the Glenville Race Track in Cleveland, Ohio.

paragraph: In 1926, Billings sold his art collection, which included works by Jean-Charles Cazin, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, John Crome, Charles-François Daubigny, Jules Dupré, Charles Jacque, Jean-François Millet, Théodore Rousseau, Constant Troyon, and Félix Ziem for $401,300, in 1928 he realized $4 million for the sale of the Johnson Building, located on Exchange Street from Broad Street to New Street. He was also part of a group of investors who built the Pierre Hotel in Manhattan, which opened in 1930.

paragraph: After being in bad health for ten years, Billings was reported to be seriously ill on May 3, 1937, and he died from pneumonia on his estate at Billings Park, near Santa Barbara, on May 6. At the time of his death, he was still the chairman of the board of the Union Carbide Carbon Company, and was described as "one of America's wealthiest men" and "Santa Barbara's wealthiest and most philanthropic citizen."

paragraph: The funeral for Billings was held in Santa Barbara on May 8, and he was later buried in Graceland Cemetery in Chicago.

paragraph: Despite the reputation which has attached to Billings in the aftermath of the horseback dinner he was memorialized quite differently: Personally Mr. Billings was a man of retiring, modest, nature, who shunned the limelight except when driving or riding one of his horses upon the race course, always dressed very quietly, and in every way made himself as inconspicuous as possible. He was happiest when surrounded by the small circle of intimate friends that he best-loved ... He was the loyalest of friends and when he had once given his good will to a man it was never withdrawn unless it had been abused. His benefactions and gifts were boundless and in them, he took the greatest pleasure. In all social relations he was the reverse of pompous, arrogant or domineering, was democratic and genial and, that rarest of all things—always the same admirable and wonderful character in every spot and place, at all times and seasons and under all circumstances.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Billings estate and mansion in Upper Manhattan was the setting for the Philo Vance mystery "The Dragon Murder Case" by S. S. Van Dine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The CKG Billings Amateur Driving Series, is, as of 2010, a much recognized amateur American sporting event.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Billings Park is a neighborhood of Superior, Wisconsin.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CKG Billings Estate. Slideshow.

description: Industrialist and equestrian

wikidata_label: C.K.G. Billings

wikipedia_title: C. K. G. Billings


text:
medieval knight
Dante
Inferno
forger
mare
Giacomo Puccini
Gianni Schicchi
Rizzoli editions
Gianni Schicchi

categories: Medieval Italian knights,Italian criminals,Forgers

paragraph: Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti

paragraph: Schicchi (died February 1280) was a medieval knight, a Florentine historical figure of the thirteenth century. There is not much historical information about him, but taking Dante's reference to him as a starting point, commentators have portrayed a biography of him that largely follows the passage of the "Inferno" - (Canto trentesimo, vv. 32-33 and 42-45). In the forger's edict, he is condemned for "personal falsification", that is for having cheated others by taking the place of .

paragraph: The question widely debated by the glossators, albeit with some differences but substantially the same, is that this Schicchi was famous for the imitations of people and that when the rich widower and childless Buoso died, he, at the request of his friend Simone Donati, Buoso's nephew, sneaked into the bed of the deceased shortly after his death and called a notary and dictated a will in favor of Simone, which was promptly ratified. For himself, it seems that he was entitled only one mare (quoted by Dante) which is an indication of the burlesque and "novella" character of what happened.

paragraph: Starting from this story, and with much lighter and more pleasant stylistic characters, Giacomo Puccini composed the opéra comique "Gianni Schicchi", performed in 1918. Another famous play is the comedy "Gianni Schicchi" by Gildo Passini, which made its successful debut in Milan in 1922 at the Olympia theatre, staged by the Compagnia Talli-Melato-Betrone.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , "Inferno", Rizzoli editions 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- and Giovanni Reggio, "La Divina Commedia - Inferno", Le Monnier 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fabrizio Scheggi, "Il Mugello nel libro di Montaperti", Borgo San Lorenzo 2016,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gianni Schicchi

description: Florentine knight

wikidata_label: Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti

wikipedia_title: Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti


text:
noble family
elected
scandal
Civil War
Pompey
battle of Pharsalus
army
governor
Asia
Pharnaces
Bosphorus
Pontus
Nicopolis
Armenia
Zela
trust
Octavianus
Brutus
Cassius
Philippi
Italia
Greece
Mark Antony
Ionian Sea
legions
Hispania
imperator
triumph
Regia
Roman Forum
political
Arval Brethren
priest
bribery
war
Roman nobles
Ronald Syme
The Roman Revolution

categories: 1st-century BC Romans,Domitii,Ancient Roman generals,Roman Republican consuls

paragraph: Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus

paragraph: Domitius Calvinus came from a noble family and was elected consul for 53 BC, despite a notorious electoral scandal. He was on Caesar’s side during the Civil War with Pompey. At the decisive battle of Pharsalus he commanded the center of Caesar’s army. After the battle he became governor of Asia. He tried to oppose the invasion of Pharnaces, the king of Bosphorus, who had taken the occasion of the Roman civil war to invade the province of Pontus; however he suffered a crushing defeat at the battle of Nicopolis in Armenia (December of 48 BC). Direct intervention by Caesar brought a quick end to the conflict, and Pharnaces' army was annihilated at Zela in 47 BC. Despite this failure, he remained a trusted friend of Caesar.

paragraph: Domitius Calvinus's activities immediately after the death of Caesar are unknown, but in 43 BC he was a strong supporter of Octavianus and participated in the civil war against Brutus and Cassius. During the Philippi campaign in 42 BC, he had to bring reinforcements from Italia to Greece for Mark Antony and Octavianus' army, however his fleet was destroyed by the enemy in the Ionian Sea with the loss of two legions. Despite this defeat he was awarded the honor of a second consulship in 40 BC and was sent by Octavianus as governor to Hispania, where he remained for three years (39 BC-36 BC). Apparently, his military activities in Spain were successful, since he was saluted as "imperator" by his troops and on his return he was awarded a triumph. He also rebuilt the "Regia" in the Roman Forum. Although we do not have many facts concerning his further political activities, an inscription shows that in 20 BC he was still alive and a member of the important "Arval Brethren" priesthood, reserved only for members of the nascent Imperial family and to the emperor's most distinguished supporters.

paragraph: Although Domitius Calvinus' career does not show any particular ability, either in politics (he obtained his first consulship only after scandalous bribery) or in war (he suffered two major defeats), he maintained an important political role. This was most probably because he was one of the very few Roman nobles to support the Caesar/Octavianus party from the very beginning.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthias Gelzer. "Caesar: Politician and Statesman." Harvard University Press, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ronald Syme. "The Roman Revolution." Oxford University Press, 1939.

description: politician and soldier

wikidata_label: Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus

wikipedia_title: Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus


text: professional baseball

text: Major League Baseball

text: Pittsburgh Pirates

text: Arizona Diamondbacks

text: base-stealing

text: 2001 World Series

text: New York Yankees

text: Java, Virginia

text: Gretna High School

text: Gretna, Virginia

text: Guilford College

text: Greensboro, North Carolina

text: Pittsburgh Pirates

text: second baseman

text: All-Star Game

text: right field

text: shortstop

text: Steve Kline

text: Luis Gonzalez

text: World Series

text: Mariano Rivera

text: batted

text: home run

text: runs batted in

text: Robinson Canó

text: spring training

text: Washington Nationals

categories: Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Sportspeople from Danville, Virginia,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Colorado Rockies players,National League stolen base champions,Cincinnati Reds players,Carolina Mudcats players,Guilford Quakers baseball players,Major League Baseball shortstops,Calgary Cannons players,National League All-Stars,New York Yankees players,St. Louis Cardinals players,African-American baseball players,Welland Pirates players,Chicago Cubs players,Living people,Iowa Cubs players,Baseball players from Virginia,Augusta Pirates players,1969 births,El Paso Diablos players,Arizona Diamondbacks players,Tucson Sidewinders players,Salem Buccaneers players,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Tony Womack

paragraph: Anthony Darrell Womack (born September 25, 1969) is a former professional baseball player. He played all or part of thirteen seasons in Major League Baseball, with most of his career spent with the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Arizona Diamondbacks, then with several other teams during his last four years. A middle infielder, Womack was recognized for his speed and base-stealing prowess and his key hits in the 2001 playoffs which led to the 2001 World Series win over the New York Yankees.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Womack was born in Java, Virginia. He is a graduate of Gretna High School in Gretna, Virginia and Guilford College in Greensboro, North Carolina.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Womack was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1991 and became their everyday second baseman in 1997. That year, which was his first full year in the majors, he played in his only All-Star Game and led the National League in stolen bases (60). In 1998, he again led the National League in stolen bases (58). After the 1998 season, he was traded to the Diamondbacks for two minor leaguers. The Diamondbacks moved Womack from second base to right field in 1999, then to shortstop in 2000. In 1999, Womack led the major leagues in stolen bases (72) which set a Diamondback record for most stolen bases in a season.

paragraph: Womack was an important part of the Arizona Diamondbacks' World Championship Team in 2001, especially with two key base hits that both came in the bottom of the ninth inning of deciding games in the playoffs. Womack ended the first-round series with a walk-off single off the Cardinals' Steve Kline. Later, Womack set up Luis Gonzalez' famous game-winning single in Game 7 of the World Series with a game-tying one-out hit against the Yankees' Mariano Rivera. Womack's game-tying double was cited by the Wall Street Journal as the most significant clutch hit in baseball history.

paragraph: Womack owns the Diamondbacks record for most stolen bases in a career (182).

paragraph: Womack signed with the Cardinals for 2004, and he was moved back to his original position at second base. After recovering from Tommy John surgery and a disappointing 2003 season, Womack batted a career-high .307 with five home runs, 38 runs batted in, and 26 stolen bases for the Cardinals.

paragraph: After the 2004 season, Womack chose to sign with the New York Yankees, rather than wait for the Cardinals to offer him an extension. Despite turning in a productive 2004, Womack struggled with the Yankees in 2005, losing his starting second base job to Robinson Canó.

paragraph: In 2006, after being released by the Reds, the Chicago Cubs signed him to a minor league deal and called him up on May 26. Womack was designated for assignment on June 30 and became a free agent on July 10. He received a non-roster invitation to spring training with the Washington Nationals for the 2007 season, but was released on March 8, ending his playing career.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Tony Womack

wikipedia_title: Tony Womack


text:
Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia
Mukhrani
Bagrationi dynasty
Levan of Kartli
Kartli
Ottoman
hagiography
princely dynasty
Guria
Kaikhosro
Vakhtang VI
Jesse
Jerusalem
Iran
Russia
Georgian Orthodox Church
George XI (Gurgin Khan)
Eudemus II
Safavid
Afghan
Breviary
Tbilisi
David II (Imam-Quli Khan)
king of Kakheti
Judasz Tadeusz Krusinski
Sultan Husayn
Kirman
Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani
Pope Clement XI
Louis XIV of France
Prince Svimon
Bakar
Rusudan
Lore
Ksani valley
Bessarion
Ahmed III
Aegean
Tenedos
Nader Shah
Derbend
cathedral of Mtskheta

categories: Writers from Georgia (country),1741 deaths,17th-century people from Georgia (country),Royalty of Georgia (country),18th-century people from Georgia (country),House of Mukhrani,People of the Afsharid Empire,Prisoners and detainees of the Ottoman Empire,Catholicoses and Patriarchs of Georgia (country),17th-century people of the Safavid Empire,1677 births

paragraph: Domentius IV of Georgia

paragraph: Domentius IV (, "Domenti IV", secular name Damian Bagrationi, ; 1677–1741) was the Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia from 1705 to 1724 and again from 1739 to 1741. He was a member of the royal Mukhrani branch of the Bagrationi dynasty, born as a younger son of Levan of Kartli (Shah-Quli Khan) and his first wife Tuta Gurieli. Domentius was energetically involved in the politics of Kartli and, according to some contemporary accounts, he even had regal ambitions. The split in his patriarchal tenure was due to his opposition to the accession of the Ottoman regime in Kartli and he spent thirteen years in the Ottoman captivity from 1725 to 1737. A man of letters, Domentius compiled a collection of Georgian hagiography. He also sponsored reconstruction and repair of several churches and monasteries in Georgia. His regnal name is sometimes given as "Domentius III".

paragraph: Section::::Family and early life.

paragraph: Domentius was born in 1677 into the royal family of Kartli. His father was Levan, the Georgian prince royal and a nominal convert to Islam as Shah-Quli Khan, who was briefly titular king of Kartli in 1709. His mother, Tuta Gurieli, of the princely dynasty of Guria, died a year after. Among the siblings of Domentius were three future kings of Kartli, Kaikhosro and Vakhtang VI—his brothers—and Jesse, his half-brother. Almost nothing is known of Domentius's early life. After his mother's death, Domentius was cared for by the certain Barbara, whom he mentions in his Jerusalemite records of 1699. Domentius was tonsured as a monk at an early age under the name of Damian and spent some time in Jerusalem. He traveled extensively, visiting also Turkey, Iran, and Russia.

paragraph: Section::::First patriarchal term.

paragraph: In 1705, Domentius, then aged around 28, was elected the head of the Georgian Orthodox Church after the synod convened by his brother Vakhtang, regent of Kartli for his absent uncle, George XI (Gurgin Khan), accused the catholicos Eudemus II of "ignorance" and removed him from the position. The Safavid government of Iran, claiming sovereignty over Kartli, tolerated Vakhtang's support of the church owing to the contribution of the Georgian royals fighting on the Afghan front.

paragraph: By the time of Domentius's accession, the Georgian church had been split into the two, eastern and western counterparts, reflecting the political division of the country back in the 15th century. Domentius, albeit holding sway only of the eastern church, embarked on a program to restore the prestige and influence of the Georgian catholicosate. Inclined to underscore his hierarchical supremacy, the new prelate resumed using the title of patriarch, for a time forgotten by the Georgian catholicoi as their church had experienced decline under the Iranian hegemony. He exploited his royal origin and wealth to restore the churches and monasteries across the country, commissioned copies of old manuscripts, had the Greek Breviary translated and published—one of the first books printed in Georgia—in Tbilisi in 1719.

paragraph: In 1708, Domentius reclaimed the former catholicosal holdings from David II (Imam-Quli Khan), a Muslim Georgian king of Kakheti. To this end, the patriarch had traveled, in 1707, to Iran in order to convince the shah to force his reluctant vassal in Kakheti into concessions. The 18th-century European authors such as Judasz Tadeusz Krusinski and the Capuchin missionary Pierre d'Issoudun report that Domentius, while visiting Iran, offered to unfrock himself, marry and convert to Islam, hoping to accede to the throne of Kartli. For this, Krusiński claims, Levan, himself a Muslim, had him thrashed on the soles of his feet. While the trustfulness of these reports remain disputed to this day, the rumors were current in Domentius's time as suggested in the historical poem "Bakariani" written by the catholicos's companion Iese Tlashadze.

paragraph: In 1712, the shah Sultan Husayn summoned Vakhtang VI to Kirman and detained him for refusing Islam. Vakhtang sent his relative, Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani, to Pope Clement XI and King Louis XIV of France, pleading for pressure on the shah to release Vakhtang, hinting that the Georgian church might accept the pope's authority, a proposition which Domentius supported. The nobles of Kartli did not support these efforts, fearing the Iranian retribution. Vakhtang would eventually accede and convert to Islam to end the intrigues which plagued the country in his absence and also involved the catholicos Domentius. While Vakhtang was in Iran, his half-brother and a lieutenant in charge of Kartli, Prince Svimon, arrested Domentius and sent for punishment to Vakhtang's heir Bakar, but the prelate was saved through the intervention of Vakhtang's wife Rusudan. When Vakhtang's pro-Iranian and Muslim half-brother Jesse was installed as king in 1714, Bakar retreated to the mountains and Domentius was restored to favor.

paragraph: Section::::Exile and the second term.

paragraph: In 1719, Vakhtang VI, having accepted Islam, returned to rule Kartli. Domentius's tenure remained undisturbed until 1723, when Kartli was invaded by the Ottoman army, forcing Vakhtang VI into exile to Russia. The catholicos himself withdrew to Lore and then to the mountainous Ksani valley and was stripped of his office by his half-brother Jesse, now in power under the Ottoman protection. The priest Bessarion was installed in his stead. In 1725, Domentius was summoned to Constantinople, where his catholicosal land holdings were confirmed by the sultan Ahmed III. But the Ottoman government decided that he was too unreliable to be allowed back in Georgia and, in December 1727, sent him into exile on the Aegean island of Tenedos, where he remained until 1736. Domentius was not able to return to Kartli until November 1739 and was immediately restored to his office with the approval of Nader Shah of Iran, Kartli's new overlord, whom he and many other Georgian dignitaries met at Derbend. He died in 1741 and was buried at the cathedral of Mtskheta.

description: Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia

wikidata_label: Domentius IV of Georgia

wikipedia_title: Domentius IV of Georgia


text:
Persian
Georgia
Mahmud of Ghazni
Sufi
feudalistic
kingship
Lahore
rule of Lahore
independence
Pakistan
Amjad Farid Sabri
Qawwal
Pakistan
feudal
Mahmud of Ghazni
Ajmer Sharif Dargah

paragraph: Malik Ayaz

paragraph: Malik Ayaz (Persian: ملک ایاز), son of Aymāq Abu'n-Najm, was a slave from Georgia who rose to the rank of officer and general in the army of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni (also known as "Mahmud Ghaznavi)". Malik Ayaz's love of Mahmud inspired poems and stories, while local Muslim historians and Sufis commemorate Malik Ayaz due to his unwavering feudalistic loyalty to Mahmud Ghaznavi.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and feudal career.

paragraph: In 1021, the Sultan raised Ayaz to kingship, awarding him the throne of Lahore, which the Sultan had taken after a long siege and a fierce battle in which the city was torched and depopulated. As the first Muslim governor of Lahore, he rebuilt and repopulated the city. He also added many important features, such as a masonry fort, which he built in the period of 1037-1040 on the ruins of the previous one, demolished in the fighting, and city gates (as recorded by Munshi Sujan Rae Bhandari, author of the "Khulasatut Tawarikh" (1596 C.E.). The present Lahore Fort is built in the same location. Under his rule of the city became a cultural and academic center, renowned for poetry.

paragraph: The tomb of Malik Ayaz can still be seen in the Rang Mahal commercial area of Lahore. The tomb and the garden was destroyed by the Sikhs during their rule of Lahore and the tomb was rebuilt after the independence of Pakistan.

paragraph: Section::::Malik Ayaz in Sufism.

paragraph: Amjad Farid Sabri the slain Qawwal of Pakistan performed a song dedicated to Malik Ayaz, which praises the man for his feudalistic loyalty to Mahmud of Ghazni, the song also mentions Ajmer Sharif Dargah and how it attracts female devotees with the same devotion.

description: was a slave from Georgia who rose to the rank of officer in the army of sultan.

wikidata_label: Malik Ayaz

wikipedia_title: Malik Ayaz


text: Renaissance

text: sculptor

text: Pavia

text: Bartolomeo Colleoni

text: Cappella Colleoni

text: Bergamo

text: Guiniforte

text: Francesco Solari

text: Urgnano

text: condottiero's

text: Galeazzo Maria Sforza

text: Certosa di Pavia

text: Cremona

text: Parma

text: Pietro Antonio Solari

text: Ospedale Maggiore

text: Milan Cathedral

text: Donato Bramante

text: Santa Maria presso San Satiro

text: Ascanio Sforza

text: Pavia Cathedral

text: church of that name

text: Ludovico il Moro

text: Chiavenna

text: Piattamale

text: Valtellina

text: Vigevano

text: Santa Maria presso San Celso

text: Santa Maria di Canepanova

text: Santa Maria alla Fontana

text: Leonardo da Vinci

text: Lugano

text: Cork.com: Renaissance sculptors

categories: 1440s births,Italian Renaissance sculptors,Italian Renaissance architects,Italian engineers,15th-century Italian sculptors,Italian male sculptors,Architects from Pavia,1522 deaths,16th-century Italian sculptors,15th-century Italian architects

paragraph: Giovanni Antonio Amadeo

paragraph: Giovanni Antonio Amadeo (c. 1447 – August 27 or 28, 1522) was an Italian early Renaissance sculptor, architect, and engineer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Amadeo was born in Pavia. In 1470 he was commissioned by Bartolomeo Colleoni to complete his funerary chapel, the Cappella Colleoni in Bergamo, which had been begun by Guiniforte and Francesco Solari. Amadeo added polychrome decoration and many sculptures in the ancient style including medallions, small columns, busts, reliefs of "Histories from the Old Testament" and "Histories of Hercules". Amadeo also designed the funerary monument to Medea Colleoni, which was intended for the church of Santa Maria della Basella in Urgnano. The condottiero's tomb was realized in collaboration with other artists, with Amadeo providing the reliefs of the lower sarcophagus and of the smaller upper sarcophagus, as well seven statues of the Virtues.

paragraph: Amadeo was also commissioned by Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza to work for some years in the Certosa di Pavia. During 1473-1476, Amadeo realized half of the bas-reliefs in the right side of the façade. In 1480 he finished the arch of the Persian Martyrs in the Olivetani Monastery of Cremona (four marble reliefs remain today, dated 1484). Also attributed to him are two statues of Justice and Temperance in Cremona, and reliefs in the National Antiquity Museum of Parma. In 1485 he collaborated with his brother-in-law Pietro Antonio Solari in the Ospedale Maggiore of Milan, a project of which he was made director ten years later.

paragraph: Amadeo was then active in the decoration of the Milan Cathedral. He collaborated with Donato Bramante on the facade of Santa Maria presso San Satiro in Milan. In 1488 Amadeo was commissioned by Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, to become director of works of the new Pavia Cathedral, again with Bramante having a minor role. In 1489, he helped design and build the "Arca di San Lanfranco" for the church of that name in Pavia. In this period he worked also as Ducal engineer for Ludovico il Moro, designing fortifications at Chiavenna and Piattamale, as well as repairing of roads and bridges in Valtellina and (in the 16th century) hydraulic works; for Ludovico he also realized a Loggia in the Ducal Palace of Vigevano, as well as some statues for the Milanese Cathedral. From 1495 Amadeo directed the works of the church of Santa Maria presso San Celso at Milan. From 1497 he directed works at the Milan Cathedral, finishing the tambour in 1500.

paragraph: In the 16th century, Amadeo designed the church of Santa Maria di Canepanova, also in Pavia. In 1501 he sculpted reliefs with "Stories of the Carthusians" and "life of St. Bruno" for the Certosa of Pavia. In 1982 it has been proven that the Sanctuary of Santa Maria alla Fontana in Milan, attributed for many years to Leonardo da Vinci was in fact designed by Amadeo. In 1508 he also presented a model for the spire of the Milan Cathedral, which was not executed.

paragraph: To Amadeo has been also attributed the notable façade of the Cathedral of Lugano, considered a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture.

paragraph: He died in Milan in 1522.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metropolitan Museum of Art.org: "Leonardo da Vinci: anatomical drawings from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle" (online PDF) — "exhibition catalog with material on Giovanni Antonio Amadeo (see index)".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cork.com: Renaissance sculptors

alias:
Giovanni Antonio Omodeo
Giovanni Antonio Degli Amadei
Degli Amadei Amadeo
Giovanni Antonio degli Amadei

description: Italian artist

wikidata_label: Giovanni Antonio Amadeo

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Antonio Amadeo


href: chocolate Damville Normandy United%20States Paris

text:
chocolate
Damville
Normandy
United States
Paris

categories: Shops in Paris,French chocolate companies

paragraph: Michel Cluizel

paragraph: Michel Cluizel has been a manufacturer of chocolate in the French town of Damville in Normandy since 1948.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: The company began when Michel Cluizel's parents Marc and Marcelle Cluizel expanded their pastry business into making chocolate from their own family kitchen. Later in 1948, Michel became an apprentice in his parents' business.

paragraph: Their first export order came in 1981, as they dispatched products to the United States and they opened their first shop in Paris in 1987.

paragraph: The company has 200 employees, including the four children of the owner and name sake of the company. Michel Cluizel owns a store on Rue Saint-Honoré in Paris. In August 2004, the company opened a subsidiary in the United States.

wikidata_label: Michel Cluizel

wikipedia_title: Michel Cluizel


text:
house
Thelma Aoyama
iTunes
Official Website
Universal label site
Former BMG Japan label site
Makai's official blog

categories: People from Fukuoka Prefecture,Living people,Electronic dance music DJs,1979 births,Japanese house musicians,Musicians from Fukuoka Prefecture,Japanese dance musicians,Japanese DJs

paragraph: Makai

paragraph: Makai (born 27 August 1973, stylized as MAKAI) is a Japanese house DJ. It is well known for his collaborations with Japanese vocalists, such as "Garden of Love" with Thelma Aoyama, which topped the iTunes Japan internal charts.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Universal label site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Former BMG Japan label site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Makai's official blog

description: Japanese house DJ

wikidata_label: Makai

wikipedia_title: Makai


text: juvenile

text: United States

text: electric chair

text: Virginia

text: Teresa Lewis

text: Hampton

text: spittoon

text: electric chair

text: Governor

text: William Hodges Mann

text: Richmond

text: George Stinney

text: James Arcene

text: Forsaken

text: Forsaken: The Digital Bibliography

text: Virginia Memory

categories: Executed American women,People from Hampton, Virginia,American people convicted of murder,Juvenile offenders executed by the United States,1895 births,American female criminals,People executed by Virginia by electric chair,American female murderers,American murderers,Executed African-American people,People convicted of murder by Virginia,Executed children,People executed for murder,Place of birth missing,1912 deaths,20th-century executions of American people

paragraph: Virginia Christian

paragraph: Virginia Christian (August 15, 1895 – August 16, 1912) was the first female criminal executed in the 20th century in the state of Virginia, and a juvenile offender executed in the United States. She was also the only female juvenile executed by electric chair and, to date, the last female criminal executed in the electric chair by the Commonwealth of Virginia. She was the last female criminal executed by the Commonwealth until Thursday, September 23, 2010 when Teresa Lewis became the first female criminal in nearly a century to be executed in the US state of Virginia.

paragraph: Christian, a black maid, was convicted for the murder of her employer Mrs. Ida Virginia Belote, a white woman, aged 72 years, in her home at Hampton on March 18, 1912. Shortly after she was arrested, it is said she confessed that she hit Belote.

paragraph: Belote frequently mistreated Christian, and in mid- March 1912, an argument ensued between the two in which Belote accused Christian of stealing a locket and a skirt. Belote hit Christian with a cuspidor, commonly called a 'spittoon'. The altercation escalated when Christian and Belote ran for two broom handles Belote used to prop up her bedroom windows. Christian grabbed one of the broom handles and struck Belote on the forehead. In an attempt to stifle Belote's screams, Christian stuffed a towel down Belote's throat, and the woman died by suffocation.

paragraph: When Christian left the house, she stole Belote's purse with some money and a ring. One newspaper reported that police found Belote's body "laying face down in a pool of blood, and her head was horribly mutilated and a towel was stuffed into her mouth and throat". (Streib & Sametz, 1989, p. 25; see also Moten, 1997)

paragraph: Police soon arrested Christian, and during questioning, she admitted to hitting Belote but was shocked that Belote was dead. Christian claimed she had no intent to kill Belote. With a lynch mob looming in the background, an Elizabeth City County Court tried and convicted Christian for murder and the trial judge sentenced her to death in the state's electric chair. One day after her 17th birthday in August 1912, a short five months after the crime, Virginia authorities executed Christian at the state penitentiary in Richmond.

paragraph: Governor William Hodges Mann declined to commute the death sentence, despite a plea from Virginia's mother, Charlotte Christian, who wrote to him:

paragraph: After declining the request, Christian took her seat in the electric chair, where she was electrocuted in the state prison in Richmond. She was 17 years old. The paper reported that her body was to be turned over to the state medical school, because her parents did not have the money to transport the body from Richmond.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of juvenile offenders executed in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Stinney

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Arcene

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forsaken", a historical novel written about Christian

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Forsaken: The Digital Bibliography at Virginia Memory

description: American murderer

wikidata_label: Virginia Christian

wikipedia_title: Virginia Christian


text: Grand Prix

text: road racer

text: Giacomo Agostini

text: Ducati Paso

text: Rimini

text: Romagna

text: motocross

text: Aermacchi

text: Sardinia

text: Benelli

text: Tarquinio Provini

text: Mike Hailwood

text: Honda

text: MV Agusta

text: 1968 season

text: Kel Carruthers

text: Harley-Davidson

text: 1971 season

text: Jarno Saarinen

text: Italian Grand Prix

text: Monza

text: Jarno Saarinen

text: Walter Villa

text: John Dodds

text: Ducati Motor Holding

text: Cagiva

text: Ducati Paso

text: Massimo Tamburini

text: Bimota

text: Renzo Pasolini official website

categories: 350cc World Championship riders,Italian motorcycle racers,500cc World Championship riders,1938 births,250cc World Championship riders,1973 deaths,Motorcycle racers killed while racing,Isle of Man TT riders,People from Rimini

paragraph: Renzo Pasolini

paragraph: Renzo Pasolini (18 July 1938 – 20 May 1973), nicknamed "Paso", was an Italian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer in the 1960's and early 1970's.

paragraph: Despite his career getting interrupted at its peak by his tragic death, Pasolini has been an immensely popular rider and has left a unique mark in Grand Prix racing. His unpredictable and unrehearsed racing style combined with his charismatic and straight-forward personality made him a crowd favourite. Pasolini's rivalry with Giacomo Agostini divided motorcycling enthusiasts, and while Pasolini's style brought mixed results (ultimately preventing him from winning a world title), it earned him a place in the hearts of many fans.

paragraph: In 1985, Ducati presented at EICMA the Ducati Paso 750, named after Pasolini.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Renzo Pasolini was born in Rimini, in the heart of Romagna, the area of Italy with the strongest motorcycle sports tradition.

paragraph: His father was indeed a motorcyclist and introduced him to both motocross and road racing at a very young age.

paragraph: He began his motocross career in 1958, after having shown great interest in boxing and football as well. A smoker and incorrigible party-goer, he was an uncommon athlete, as was his approach to corners while racing—a dangerous combination of balance and speed which always made him seem about to fall off his bike.

paragraph: After performing well in motocross, Pasolini decided to focus on road racing while remaining active in several other sports to keep physical form. In 1962, he debuted with the Aermacchi 175cc, when his two first-place finishes ahead of Giacomo Agostini spurred their long rivalry. Pasolini took a two-year break from racing to complete his military service and, while stationed in Sardinia, he met his future wife, Anna, with whom he would have two children, Sabrina and Renzo Stefano.

paragraph: Pasolini resumed his racing career in 1964, racing Aermacchi 250cc and 350cc bikes at the senior level. In the 1965 Italian championship, Pasolini, racing a Benelli, finished second to Tarquinio Provini in the 250cc class and third in the 350cc class behind Giacomo Agostini and Giuseppe Mandorlini. 1966 was a year of varying results both domestically and internationally; most notable was the final race of the Italian championship, which Pasolini won on the then-new four-cylinder Benelli 500.

paragraph: With a more competitive bike, Pasolini was able to rival the best, and this marked the start of a string of epic confrontations with Mike Hailwood, then riding a Honda, and the revival of his rivalry with Agostini, an MV Agusta rider. The 1968 season saw him second to Agostini in the 350cc championship, after having earned the 250cc and 350cc Italian titles.

paragraph: 1969 brought mixed results, causing Pasolini to lose out to Benelli teammate Kel Carruthers in the 250cc world championship. New regulations in the 250cc classification for the 1970 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season limited the category to two-cylinder bikes, which prompted the Benelli team to concentrate on the 350cc class.

paragraph: After a bad season, Pasolini left Benelli and joined Aermacchi, fresh out of a merger with Harley-Davidson. Much of the 1971 season was lost to testing the Aermacchi/Harley-Davidson 250cc bike, which took much longer in development than had been anticipated. The resulting bike was not superior to most, and a number of up-and-coming racers increased competition; among them was Jarno Saarinen, to whom Pasolini lost the 250cc world championship in 1972 by a single point.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Death.

paragraph: Pasolini lost his life at the Italian Grand Prix in Monza on 20 May 1973. He wasn't able to finish the 350cc race because of mechanical problems, retiring from the race with four laps remaining, and fell during the first lap of the 250cc race. Jarno Saarinen, immediately behind him, was unable to avoid him and fell as well, causing a chain reaction ultimately involving twelve riders and resulting in Pasolini's and Saarinen's deaths.

paragraph: Much debate has surrounded the probable causes of the accident, with the most common explanation suggesting that a spill left on the track during the 350cc race (when Walter Villa's Benelli leaked on the penultimate lap, but the urge to collect championship points led the rider to continue racing despite the leak) likely caused the bike to slide. While it has been ascertained that race officials did neglect to order clean up of the track prior to the 250cc race—one rider, John Dodds, made his concerns known to authorities, only to be met with threats—Pasolini's fall and the damage sustained by his vehicle are consistent with an engine problem, likely a seizure of the pistons.

paragraph: Section::::The Ducati Paso.

paragraph: In 1986, Ducati Motor Holding, then under the ownership of Cagiva, introduced the Ducati Paso, named after Pasolini and designed by Massimo Tamburini, co-founder of Bimota.

paragraph: Section::::Motorcycle Grand Prix results.

paragraph: Points system from 1964 to 1968:

paragraph: Points from 1969 onwards:

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renzo Pasolini official website

description: Italian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Renzo Pasolini

wikipedia_title: Renzo Pasolini


text: Major League Baseball

text: pitcher

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: spitball

text: National League

text: earned run average

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

text: Brooklyn Robins

text: Leo Dickerman

text: Bob Gibson

text: spitball

text: baseball glove

text: Rawlings

categories: Sportspeople from Pittsburgh,Columbus Senators players,Brooklyn Robins players,National League ERA champions,Baseball players from Pennsylvania,1891 births,Sportspeople from Bradenton, Florida,1954 deaths,Akron Rubbermen players,St. Louis Cardinals players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Cincinnati Reds players,Wheeling Stogies players

paragraph: Bill Doak

paragraph: William Leopold Doak (January 28, 1891 – November 26, 1954) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher who for three teams between 1912 and 1929. He spent portions of 13 seasons with the St. Louis Cardinals. He was nicknamed "Spittin' Bill" because he threw the spitball. He led the National League in earned run average in 1914, and he won 20 games in the 1920 season.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Doak was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the son of Bertha Shattenbrand Doak and William E. Doak, a civil engineer. Both sides of Doak's family originated from Germany. He had one sibling, a younger sister. Doak's father pressured him to become a mining engineer, but Doak began playing semipro baseball in 1909. He was in the minor leagues by the next year, and made it to the major leagues by 1912.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: The St. Louis Cardinals purchased Doak's contract in the summer of 1913, and he spent the majority of his career with that team. In he went 19–6 and led the league with an ERA of 1.72. Doak won 20 games in , and led the NL in ERA again in 1921. On June 14, 1924, Doak was traded by the Cardinals to the Brooklyn Robins for Leo Dickerman.

paragraph: He returned to St. Louis for a short time in 1929 before retiring. His lifetime record is 169–157, with an ERA of 2.98 and 1,014 strikeouts. Even though Doak played with many unremarkable teams, he is among the Cardinals' top 10 in eight pitching categories; his 32 shutouts rank second behind Bob Gibson.

paragraph: Doak's main pitch, the spitball, earned him the nickname "Spittin' Bill". When the pitch was outlawed in 1920, Doak was one of 17 pitchers allowed to continue throwing the spitball.

paragraph: Doak made his most lasting contribution to baseball by innovating the design of the baseball glove. In 1920, he suggested to Rawlings that a web should be laced between the first finger and thumb, saying it would create a natural pocket. The Bill Doak glove soon replaced all other baseball gloves and is the standard to this day.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Doak retired to Bradenton, Florida, where he owned a candy shop (Bill Doak's Sweet Shop), and also coached the Bradenton High School baseball team, which made it to the state championship. He died in Bradenton, aged 63.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of St. Louis Cardinals team records

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bill Doak Biography

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Bill Doak

wikipedia_title: Bill Doak


text: Ottoman

text: Edirne

text: court painter

text: Mustafa II

text: Ahmed III

text: Tulip period

text: Istanbul

text: Topkapı Palace

text: circumcision

text: Culture of the Ottoman Empire

text: Ottoman miniature

text: Tulip period

text: "Abdülcelil Levnî"

categories: 18th-century artists of the Ottoman Empire,Year of birth missing,People from Edirne,18th-century painters of the Ottoman Empire,Miniaturists of the Ottoman Empire,1732 deaths

paragraph: Abdulcelil Levni

paragraph: Abdulcelil Levni or Abdulcelil Çelebi (died 1732) was an Ottoman court painter and miniaturist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Edirne, some time in the late 17th century. He became the most prominent painter in the Ottoman Empire, and was appointed court painter under Sultans Mustafa II and Ahmed III. He was a noted figure of the Tulip period. He died in Istanbul.

paragraph: As court painter he executed his marvelously composed masterpieces: the "Surname-i Sultan Ahmed Han" and the "Surname-i Vehbi" ("Book of Festival"). The latter book, still in the library of the Topkapı Palace, depicts the festivals commemorating the circumcision in 1720 of four sons of Ahmed III, However Levni's main concern seems to have been to paint single-leaved miniatures depicting individuals: beautiful girls, languidly reclining ladies, and charming young men. The faces of his figures show little expression.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Culture of the Ottoman Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ottoman miniature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tulip period

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopædia Britannica Online - "Abdülcelil Levnî"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yılmaz, Nalan. "Ottoman Studies Online" - "Levni, one of the last Ottoman miniaturists"

alias:
Abdülcelil Çelebi
Levni

description: Ottoman artist

wikidata_label: Abdulcelil Levni

wikipedia_title: Abdulcelil Levni


text:
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
race car
driver
karting
British Formula Ford
British Formula Renault
British Formula 3
GP2 Series
2005
2006
A1 Team Malaysia
Alex Yoong
A1 Grand Prix
Formula Renault 3.5 Series
Cram Competition
2008
Super Nova
GP2 Asia Series
2009
Formula Renault 3.5 Series
Mofaz Racing
Ciudad del Motor de Aragón
Bertrand Baguette
Spyker F1
Lotus Racing
Lotus Racing
Mike Gascoyne
Heikki Kovalainen
2010 Malaysian Grand Prix
Jarno Trulli
Hispania Racing
Karun Chandhok
Bruno Senna
British Grand Prix
Jarno Trulli
Hispania Racing
Sakon Yamamoto
Heikki Kovalainen
German Grand Prix
Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
Group Lotus
Renault F1
Bruno Senna
Romain Grosjean
Ho-Pin Tung
Super Nova Racing
2011 GP2 Series
2011 GP2 Asia Series
Luca Filippi
Johnny Cecotto Jr.
first round of the championship
Career statistics
Official website

categories: Malaysian racing drivers,Formula Ford drivers,British Formula Renault 2.0 drivers,Sportspeople from Kuala Lumpur,British Formula Three Championship drivers,Super GT drivers,GP2 Series drivers,Malaysian Muslims,GP2 Asia Series drivers,Malaysian people of Malay descent,Formula 3.5 V8 drivers,A1 Team Malaysia drivers,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Fairuz Fauzy

paragraph: Mohamed Fairuz Fauzy (born 24 October 1982 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) is a race car driver.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Fairuz started competing in karting events in 1994 before making the move to British Formula Ford at the start of 1999. He moved to British Formula Renault in 2000, developing his skills there before moving up to British Formula 3 in 2002, albeit in the B-Class.

paragraph: He moved up to the main class in 2003, driving for both the SYR and Promatecme teams, before driving for both the Menu and P1 teams in 2004. He moved to the GP2 Series for 2005, becoming one of a number of Asian drivers in the championship. Despite being the only driver to start every race and not score a point, he continued in the series for 2006, again scoring no points. During this time he was also one of A1 Team Malaysia's drivers (along with Alex Yoong) in the A1 Grand Prix series.

paragraph: Fairuzraced in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series for the Cram Competition team.

paragraph: He returned to GP2 for 2008, driving for the Super Nova team in the GP2 Asia Series. In 2009, he competed in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series for Mofaz Racing. After entering the final race in sixth place, Fairuz finished second in the race at the Ciudad del Motor de Aragón and leapfrogged the four drivers above him, to finish as runner-up to Bertrand Baguette in the championship standings.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One.

paragraph: Fairuz was confirmed as one of Spyker F1's test and reserve drivers for , Fairuz was tipped for a Lotus Racing reserve seat for 2010. On 9 November 2009 Lotus Racing chief technical officer Mike Gascoyne confirmed Fairuz would be the test driver for the team but cooled down talks he was going to get a race seat.

paragraph: Fairuz was announced as the third driver for Lotus on 13 December 2009.

paragraph: Fairuz replaced Heikki Kovalainen in the first free practice session at the 2010 Malaysian Grand Prix, as Jarno Trulli won a coin toss against Kovalainen. He drove a total of nineteen laps during the session, setting the 22nd fastest time, beating the Hispania Racing cars of Karun Chandhok and Bruno Senna. He also took part in the first practice session at the British Grand Prix, replacing Jarno Trulli, where he set the 23rd fastest time (1:39.510) ahead of the Hispania Racing car of Sakon Yamamoto. He replaced Heikki Kovalainen for the first free practice session of the German Grand Prix and the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. At the end of the 2010 season, Fairuz parted company with Lotus Racing after one year of his five-year contract.

paragraph: The relationship between Lotus Racing and Group Lotus soured during 2010, resulting in GL deciding to withdraw its backing from the team and instead sponsoring Renault F1 for the season onwards. As part of the deal, Fairuz became one of Renault's test and reserve drivers, alongside Bruno Senna, Romain Grosjean and Ho-Pin Tung.

paragraph: Section::::Post-Formula One.

paragraph: After stating his desire to return to full-time racing for 2011, Fairuz re-signed for Super Nova Racing to drive in the 2011 GP2 Series and 2011 GP2 Asia Series, alongside Luca Filippi and Johnny Cecotto Jr. respectively. After finishing fourteenth in the Asia series, he scored his first main series points in the first round of the championship. He finished 18th in the main series championship.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Career statistics from "driverdb.com". Retrieved on 12 July 2008.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: Malaysian racing driver

wikidata_label: Fairuz Fauzy

wikipedia_title: Fairuz Fauzy


text:
Great Royal Wife
Pharaoh
Ramesses II
Seti I
Isetnofret
Ramesses II
Semitic
Anath
Ramesses
Khaemwaset
Merneptah
Valley of the Queens
Merneptah
Luxor
Luxor
Ramesses II
Meritamen
Nebettawy
Anuqet
Pharaoh
Ramesses II
Tanis
Pi-Ramesse
Ptah
Henutmire
Karnak
Ramesses II
Isetnofret
Khaemwaset
Khnum
Ramesses
Merneptah
Silsila
Maat
Ptah
Nefertem
Khaemwaset
Ramesses
Merneptah
QV71
Valley of the Queens
Osiris
Nephtys
Anneke Bart: Queen Bint-Anath

categories: Ramesses II,Queens consort of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt,13th-century BC women

paragraph: Bintanath

paragraph: Bintanath (or "Bentanath") was the firstborn daughter and later Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bintanath was likely born during the reign of her grandfather Seti I. Her mother was Isetnofret, one of the two most prominent wives of Ramesses II. Her name is Semitic, meaning "Daughter of Anath", referring to the Canaanite goddess Anath. She had at least three brothers, Ramesses, Khaemwaset and Merneptah and a sister who was named Isetnofret after their mother.

paragraph: Bintanath had a daughter who appears on the paintings in her tomb in the Valley of the Queens. She is unnamed there but according to Joyce Tyldesley it is possible that her name was also Bintanath and she married the next pharaoh, Merneptah. According to Tyldesley, a statue of Merneptah in Luxor mentions "the Great Royal Wife Bintanath", who is, possibly, this daughter, since it is unlikely that the older Bintanath married Merneptah when both of them were well over sixty. However, it is entirely possible that Bintanath never married Merenptah and used the "Great Royal Wife" title only because she was entitled to it due to her first marriage.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Bintanath is depicted in a scene on a pylon in Luxor dated to year 3 of Ramesses II. She is said to be the King's daughter of his body, and is the first in a procession of princesses. She is followed by Meritamen in this procession. Bintanath appears twice as a princess in Abu Simbel. Together with Nebettawy she flanks the southernmost colossus on the facade of the great temple. On one of the pillars inside the temple she is shown offering flowers to the goddess Anuqet.

paragraph: Bentanath became Great Royal Wife around the 25th year of her father's reign. During her time as queen she held many titles including hereditary princess, the great first one (iryt-p`t-tpit-wrt), Lady of The Two Lands (nbt-t3wy), Great King’s Wife (hmt-niswt-wrt), Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt (hnwt-Shm’w -mhw), King’s Daughter (s3t-niswt), and eventually King’s Sister (snt-niswt).

paragraph: As (great) royal wife Bintanath appears on several statues of Pharaoh Ramesses II. She is depicted on a statue from the Sinai (BM 697), on two sandstone colossi found in Tanis, but probably originally from Pi-Ramesse, and on a statue from the south gate of the Ptah precinct in Memphis. A usurped Middle Kingdom statue from Heracleopolis depicts both Bintanath and her sister Meritamen, and a statue from Hermopolis depicts Bintanath and Henutmire (both as great royal wives). Bintanath is depicted on statues of her father at least three times in Karnak and Luxor, and she appears in statues in Wadi es-Sebua.

paragraph: Two family stelae show Bintanath with her immediate family. The Aswan rock stela shows Ramesses II, Isetnofret and Khaemwaset before the god Khnum, while in another register Bintanath appears with her brothers Ramesses and Merneptah. Another stela from West Silsila depicts Bint-Anath standing behind her mother Isetnofret and her father Ramesses II as the king offers Maat to the gods Ptah and Nefertem. Prince Khaemwaset stands in front of the king, while her brothers Ramesses and Merneptah are shown in a lower register.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Despite her being Ramesses' first daughter, she was actually one of the few children who outlived their long-lived father. She was depicted on a statue usurped by Merenptah. She died during the reign of her brother Merneptah and was buried in the tomb QV71 in the Valley of the Queens.

paragraph: The tomb is described by Lepsius (number 4). The name of Bintanath is given in slightly different spellings in the tomb. Bintanath is shown before Osiris and Nephtys. Both gods say: "I grant you a place of repose in the land of righteousness." Queen Bintanath is depicted with her daughter, who is not named. Bintanath's sarcophagus was later usurped by a man.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anneke Bart: Queen Bint-Anath

description: Ancient Egyptian princess and queen

wikidata_label: Bintanath

wikipedia_title: Bintanath


text:
Monte Carlo
Monaco
Monegasque
race car
driver
2005 GP2 Series season
David Price Racing
2006
karting
British Formula Ford
British Formula 3
Carlin Motorsport
GP2 Series
DPR Direxiv
World Series by Renault
2008-09 A1 Grand Prix season
A1 Team Monaco
Hubertus Bahlsen
Official website
driverdb.com profile

categories: A1 Grand Prix team owners,Formula Ford drivers,British Formula Three Championship drivers,People from Monte Carlo,1984 births,GP2 Series drivers,Auto GP drivers,Formula 3.5 V8 drivers,A1 Team Monaco drivers,Monegasque racing drivers,FIA GT1 World Championship drivers,Living people

paragraph: Clivio Piccione

paragraph: Clivio Piccione (born February 24, 1984 in Monte Carlo, Monaco) is a Monegasque race car driver. He raced in the 2005 GP2 Series season for the Durango team and David Price Racing for 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Piccione's career started in karting in 1997, where he stayed until 2001 before moving up to British Formula Ford. He only spent one season there, debuting in British Formula 3's B-Class in 2002 for the T-Sport team. 2003 saw him move up to the main class with the Manor team, and he stayed in the series for 2004 with the Carlin Motorsport team.

paragraph: In 2005 the Monegasque driver drove in the inaugural GP2 Series season, driving for the Durango team. Although he won a race, he did not score many points and switched to the DPR Direxiv team for 2006, scoring more points despite a troubled start. He competed in the World Series by Renault for 2007.

paragraph: Piccione will drive in the 2008-09 A1 Grand Prix season for the newly formed A1 Team Monaco. He was also be the nation's joint seat-holder, alongside Hubertus Bahlsen. He competed in all races in the 2008-09 season, scoring pole for the South African feature race and finishing a best of third place in the same race. Team Monaco finished 9th overall with 35 points, however the sport collapsed a year later and could not improve on this result.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results.

paragraph: Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- driverdb.com profile

description: Monegasque racing driver

wikidata_label: Clivio Piccione

wikipedia_title: Clivio Piccione


text:
GP2 Series
Japanese Formula Junior 1600
Japanese Formula Toyota
Korean F1800
Japanese Formula Three
Macau Grand Prix
Japanese GT Series
World Series by Nissan
Formula Asia V6 by Renault Championship
Zhuhai International Circuit
James Winslow
Armaan Ebrahim
2008
Qi-Meritus Mahara
GP2 Asia Series
2008–09 season
BCN Competición
Ocean Racing Technology
Yelmer Buurman

categories: Being Inc. artists,1980 births,Japanese male rock singers,Super GT drivers,Sportspeople from Osaka,Formula V6 Asia drivers,GP2 Series drivers,Top Race V6 drivers,GP2 Asia Series drivers,21st-century Japanese singers,Asian Le Mans Series drivers,World Touring Car Championship drivers,Living people,Japanese racing drivers

paragraph: Hiroki Yoshimoto

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Yoshimoto is the only driver in GP2 Series to have driven the bulk of his pre-GP2 career in Asia, the rest of the series mainly moving up the ranks in South America or Europe. Yoshimoto started out in 1999, competing in Japanese Formula Junior 1600. He moved for Japanese Formula Toyota in 2000, racing in Korean F1800 later in the year. A move to Japanese Formula Three for 2001 was his reward for hard work, although his stint with the Yellow Hat team resulted in only two races.

paragraph: He got his first taste of a full Japanese F3 season in 2002, though, with the Now team. He achieved 1 win, 1 pole position and two other podium finishes, finishing 8th in the championship. He also finished respectively 5th in the prestigious Macau Grand Prix. He stayed with the team for 2003 finishing 10th in the championship before moving on in 2004 for the Japanese GT Series. He also drove two races of the World Series by Nissan of the same year, for the Gabord team.

paragraph: On 3 and 4 November 2007, Yoshimoto took part in the Formula Asia V6 by Renault Championship at the Zhuhai International Circuit. He won round 11 ahead of James Winslow and Armaan Ebrahim but stalled on the grid for round 12 and eventually finished 5th.

paragraph: He returned to GP2 for 2008, driving for the Qi-Meritus Mahara team in the GP2 Asia Series. He continued in the series for the 2008–09 season with the BCN Competición team. However, BCN was purchased and renamed as Ocean Racing Technology after the first round of the season, and Yoshimoto was replaced by Yelmer Buurman.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete Super GT results.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

description: Japanese racecar driver

wikidata_label: Hiroki Yoshimoto

wikipedia_title: Hiroki Yoshimoto


text:
Newfoundland
Devon
St. John's
Conservative Party
House of Assembly
Robert Thorburn
opposition
Liberals
William Whiteway
Supreme Court
House of Assembly
Governor
Arthur Murray
House of Assembly
Motion of No Confidence
prorogue
Tory
Legislative Council
upper house
Edward Patrick Morris

categories: Members of the Legislative Council of Newfoundland,1839 births,1920 deaths,Premiers of Newfoundland Colony

paragraph: Augustus F. Goodridge

paragraph: Augustus Frederick Goodridge (1839 – February 16, 1920) was a Newfoundland merchant and politician. He was premier of Newfoundland in 1894.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Goodridge was born in Devon, England. He arrived in Newfoundland when he was 13 and worked in his father's business.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Goodriddge became a fish merchant and ship owner in St. John's. He joined the Conservative Party, and was first elected to the House of Assembly in 1880. He became leader of the Conservatives in 1884. From 1885-1889 he served in the conservative Protestant "Reform Party" government of Sir Robert Thorburn. The Reform Party collapsed and Thorburn went into opposition as leader of the new "Tory Party".

paragraph: Goodridge's Tories lost the 1893 election to the Liberals led by Sir William Whiteway. However, the Tories complained that Whiteway's Liberals had promised jobs to Newfoundlanders who voted for him and filed petitions in the Supreme Court under the Corrupt Practices Act against fifteen Liberal members of the House alleging bribery and corruption. The members were tried and found guilty and their seats were declared vacant.

paragraph: In April 1894, in the midsts of the trials, Whiteway attempted to dissolve the House of Assembly and call new elections. Instead, Governor Sir Arthur Murray refused Whiteway's requested and instead appointed Goodridge as the new Premier despite the fact that Goodridge's Tories were outnumbered by Liberals in the House of Assembly. In order to prevent the Tories from being defeated by a Motion of No Confidence, Murray repeatedly prorogued the House before a vote could be held. Regardless of this assistance by the governor, Goodridge's Tory Party government was short lived due to a mounting political and economic crisis and resigned on December 12, 1894 after the collapse of two banks.

paragraph: Goodridge lost his seat in the 1904 election. A few years later he was appointed to the Legislative Council (Newfoundland's upper house) by Prime Minister Edward Patrick Morris.

description: Canadian politician

wikidata_label: Augustus F. Goodridge

wikipedia_title: Augustus F. Goodridge


text:
Marlborough
Superintendent
Marlborough Province
Herefordshire
Nelson
runholders
Wairau Valley
Nelson Province
Picton
1867
Wairau River
Acton Adams

categories: Superintendents of New Zealand provincial councils,Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives,1884 deaths,19th-century New Zealand politicians,People from Herefordshire,New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates,English emigrants to New Zealand,Members of the Marlborough Provincial Council,1811 births

paragraph: William Adams (New Zealand politician)

paragraph: William Adams (21 March 1811 – 23 July 1884) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament from Marlborough, New Zealand and the first Superintendent of Marlborough Province.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Adams was born in Upton, Herefordshire, England in 1811. He came to New Zealand in 1850, and arrived in Nelson on the "Eden". He became one of the runholders in the Wairau Valley.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: He was the first Superintendent of Marlborough Province in 1860, following the separation from the Nelson Province.

paragraph: He represented the Picton electorate from 1867 to 1868, when he resigned.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Adams died on 23 July 1884. He is buried on his homestead "Langley Dale" on the north bank of the Wairau River. He was survived by his wife and four sons, including Acton Adams.

description: Member of Parliament from Marlborough, New Zealand and Superintendent of Marlborough Province

wikidata_label: William Adams

wikipedia_title: William Adams (New Zealand politician)


text:
Idrimi
Alalakh
Tell Atchana
Charles Leonard Woolley

categories: Kings of Alalakh,15th-century BC people,Yamhadite dynasty

paragraph: Niqmepa, King of Alalakh

paragraph: Niqmepa, son of Idrimi, was King of Alalakh in the first half of 15th century BC.

paragraph: Section::::Contemporary documents.

paragraph: Evidence for the reign of King Niqmepa is based on clay cuneiform tablets excavated at Tell Atchana by Charles Leonard Woolley.

wikidata_label: Niqmepa, King of Alalakh

wikipedia_title: Niqmepa, King of Alalakh


text:
Australian rules football
Melbourne
Victorian Football League

categories: 1915 births,Melbourne Football Club players,1990 deaths,South Adelaide Football Club players,Australian rules footballers from South Australia

paragraph: Jack Doherty (footballer, born 1915)

paragraph: Jack Doherty (5 August 1915 – 22 October 1990) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

description: Australian rules footballer, born 1915

wikidata_label: Jack Doherty

wikipedia_title: Jack Doherty (footballer, born 1915)


text:
Australian rules football
Hawthorn
Melbourne
Victorian Football League

categories: Melbourne Football Club players,2004 deaths,1919 births,Hawthorn Football Club players,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

paragraph: Bob Herbert (footballer)

paragraph: Bob Herbert (11 March 1919 – 16 January 2004) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn and Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Bob Herbert

wikipedia_title: Bob Herbert (footballer)


text:
Francis Bacon
Montparnasse
Joan Miró
Alberto Giacometti
Majorca
Spanish Civil War
Michel Leiris
Marseille
The Redfern Gallery
Hanover Square
Graham Sutherland
Francis Bacon
Painting (1946)
Alberto Giacometti
Lucian Freud
Marcel Duchamp
Max Ernst
Henry Moore
Catharina Koopman
Ascona
Ravensbrück concentration camp
Italian Resistance

categories: 1992 deaths,LGBT people from Germany,1908 births,People from Düsseldorf,British art dealers

paragraph: Erica Brausen

paragraph: Erica Brausen (31 January 1908 – 16 December 1992), was an art dealer and gallerist who established the Hanover Gallery in London in 1946 and was an early champion of several influential contemporary artists, most notably Francis Bacon.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Brausen was born in Düsseldorf to a father who was a merchant and the master of the local fox-hounds. Brausen left Germany in the early 1930s for Paris where she rented a room in Montparnasse. There she became friends with many of the artists living in the area including Joan Miró and Alberto Giacometti. In 1935 Brausen moved to Majorca, where she ran a bar popular with artists, writers and visiting sailors. She used these contacts to assist Jewish and socialist friends in escaping from Franco's forces during the Spanish Civil War. She persuaded a US Navy submarine captain to take Michel Leiris and his family to safety in Marseille. Brausen herself escaped on a fishing boat and arrived, penniless, in England at the start of World War II.

paragraph: In London, Brausen began organising small art exhibitions, often in artist studios, but as a German national she encountered many difficulties and restrictions. A gay artist friend married her which allowed her to work legally and she, later, obtained a job at The Redfern Gallery. In 1946, with the financial support of an American banker she had met at a party, Brausen opened the Hanover Gallery in St. George Street off Hanover Square in central London with a solo exhibition of works by Graham Sutherland. From 1946 until its closure in 1973, the Hanover Gallery was among the most influential galleries in Europe. Brausen had bought a number of Francis Bacon early works, including "Painting (1946)", and he held his first one-man show at the Hanover in November 1947. Brausen became Alberto Giacometti's principal dealer in London, selling more than seventy of his works over the lifetime of the Gallery. Exhibitions at the Hanover included works by Lucian Freud, Marcel Duchamp and Max Ernst. Works by Henry Moore regularly featured in the Hanovers' annual sculpture shows.

paragraph: Brausen was a lesbian and for most of her life her partner was Catharina Koopman, known as 'Toto', a one-time Chanel model and film actress. The two met in 1945 in Ascona, Switzerland, where Koopman was recuperating after surviving seven months in the Ravensbrück concentration camp. Koopman had been sent there after she was caught spying for the Italian Resistance during the Second World War. She had been caught on two previous occasions and escaped both times but she was captured a third time in October 1944 in Venice and quickly deported to the camp. Koopman helped Brausen run the Hanover and the two women lived, openly, together until Koopman's death in 1991.

description: British art dealer

wikidata_label: Erica Brausen

wikipedia_title: Erica Brausen


categories: Melbourne Football Club players,1994 deaths,1916 births,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

paragraph: Harry Harley (footballer)

paragraph: Harry Harley (6 February 1916 – 11 October 1994) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Harry Harley

wikipedia_title: Harry Harley (footballer)


text:
American football
outside linebacker
Atlanta Falcons
2012 NFL Draft
college football
Troy
Central Gwinnett High School
Butler County Community College
Troy University
sacks
2012 NFL Draft
Tennessee Titans
Kansas City Chiefs
Memphis Express
Calgary Stampeders
Canadian Football League
Atlanta Falcons bio
Troy Trojans bio

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,Kansas City Chiefs players,1988 births,Living people,American football defensive ends,People from Lawrenceville, Georgia,Tennessee Titans players,American football linebackers,Troy Trojans football players,Butler Grizzlies football players,Birmingham Iron players,American players of Canadian football,Liberian players of American football,Sportspeople from Monrovia

paragraph: Jonathan Massaquoi

paragraph: Jonathan Massaquoi (born May 11, 1988) is an American football outside linebacker. He was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the fifth round of the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Troy.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: After playing his high school football at Central Gwinnett High School, Massaquoi attended Butler County Community College for a year before transferring to Troy University. During his two years at Troy he recorded 128 tackles and 19.5 sacks.

paragraph: On January 13, 2012, Massaquoi announced that he would forgo his senior season and enter the 2012 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: Massaquoi was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the 5th round (164th overall) in the 2012 NFL draft. He was waived on February 27, 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.

paragraph: Massaquoi was claimed off waivers on March 3, 2015 by the Tennessee Titans. On September 6, 2015, he was waived by the Titans.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: Massaquoi signed with the Kansas City Chiefs on March 9, 2016. On August 28, 2016, Massaquoi was waived by the Chiefs.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Birmingham Iron.

paragraph: In 2018, Massaquoi signed with the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football for the 2019 season. In the season opener against the Memphis Express, Massaquoi recorded two sacks with seven tackles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Calgary Stampeders.

paragraph: After the AAF ceased operations in April 2019, Massaquoi signed with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League on May 17, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atlanta Falcons bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troy Trojans bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Jonathan Massaquoi

wikipedia_title: Jonathan Massaquoi


text:
Feroze Shah
Tughlaq dynasty
Delhi Sultanate
Muhammad Shah ibn Feroze Shah
Abu Bakr Khan
Sirmur
Muhammad Shah ibn Feroze Shah
Nagarkot
Delhi
Abu Bakr Khan
Sultan Feroze Shah Tughluq

categories: 14th-century births,1389 deaths,14th-century Indian monarchs,People murdered in India,14th-century murdered monarchs,Year of birth unknown,Indian Muslims,Tughluq sultans

paragraph: Tughluq Khan

paragraph: Ghiyath-ud-din Tughluq Shah II, born Tughluq Khan, was the son of Fateh Khan, the son of Feroze Shah. He was a Sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate; he ascended to the throne in 1388 C.E. However, a succession crisis started almost immediately with Muhammad Shah ibn Feroze Shah staking his claim with the support of his brother Fateh Khan’s brother Zafar Khan's son Abu Bakr Khan. Tughluq Khan dispatched troops against his uncle towards the foot of the hills of Sirmur. Muhammad Shah ibn Feroze Shah after a brief battle took shelter in the fort of Nagarkot, and Tughluq Khan’s army returned to Delhi without pursuing him any further due to the difficulties of the venture & terrain. Eventually though some Amirs joined Abu Bakr Khan son of Zafar Khan and Fateh Khan’s brother Zafar Khan's son and grandson of Sultan Feroze Shah Tughluq and plotted to assassinate Tughluq Khan. In 1389 they surrounded the Sultan and "Khan Jahan", his vizier and, put them to death and hung up their heads over the gate of the city; the duration of the reign of Tughluq Khan, was five months and eighteen days.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: br

description: 20th Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate and 4th from the Tughlaq dynasty

wikidata_label: Tughluq Khan

wikipedia_title: Tughluq Khan


text: Italian

text: Baroque

text: composer

text: Venice

text: Amsterdam

text: Domenico Freschi

text: Pietro Andrea Ziani

text: Hanover

text: Lully

text: Brussels

text: masses

text: motet

text: Brussels

text: Jean-Joseph

text: Joseph-Hector

categories: Italian male classical composers,1714 deaths,1654 births,Italian Baroque composers,18th-century classical composers,Italian classical composers,People from Venice

paragraph: Pietro Antonio Fiocco

paragraph: Pietro Antonio Fiocco (or Pier Antonio or Pierre-Antoine) (3 February 1654 – 3 September 1714) was an Italian Baroque composer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Pietro Antonio Fiocco was born in Venice. Nothing is known of his childhood and his musical formation in Italy, but it is known that he soon made a name for himself, since Dirck Strijcker, the son of the Dutch consul in Venice had him come to Amsterdam, where an opera was founded. In 1681 the booklet of "Helena rapita da Paride" appeared, composed by Domenico Freschi, and for which Fiocco arranged the music. The same year he composed a prologue for "Alceste" by Pietro Andrea Ziani sung in Hanover in 1682, and for the Lully operas "Amadis, Acis et Galathée, Armide" and "Thésée". In the summer of 1682, he went to Brussels to enter the service of Eugen Alexander Franz, Count of Thurn and Taxis. He married Jeanne de Latere. Named choirmaster of the church Notre-Dame des Victoires, Fiocco composed religious works, including masses and motets. He died in Brussels in 1714.

paragraph: Section::::Offspring.

paragraph: He was the father of Melissa Amelia Fiocco. She died at the young age of 23, while traveling to visit her close friend Erica Grier in North Italy, leaving her husband, Angelo Pertioniro and three children, Sabrina Pertioniro, Gabriella Pertioniro and Claudio Pertioniro. His daughter was his main inspiration for his music. Two of his sons, Jean-Joseph (1686–1746) and Joseph-Hector (1703–1741), were also composers and musicians of note.

description: Italian composer

wikidata_label: Pietro Antonio Fiocco

wikipedia_title: Pietro Antonio Fiocco


text: Major League Baseball

text: outfielder

text: 2000 Major League Baseball Draft

text: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Arizona Diamondbacks

text: Doug Davis

text: Dana Eveland

text: Johnny Estrada

text: Greg Aquino

text: Claudio Vargas

text: Baltimore Orioles

categories: 1981 births,Sportspeople from Dayton, Ohio,Milwaukee Brewers players,Arizona League Brewers players,Baseball players from Ohio,Indianapolis Indians players,Green Valley High School alumni,Major League Baseball outfielders,Tucson Sidewinders players,High Desert Mavericks players,Living people,Nashville Sounds players,All-Star Futures Game players

paragraph: Dave Krynzel

paragraph: David Benjamin Krynzel (born November 7, 1981) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder. He made his major league debut on September 1, .

paragraph: Krynzel was drafted in the 1st round (11th overall) of the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft and spent seven years in the Milwaukee Brewers farm system before being traded to the Arizona Diamondbacks on November 25, , with Doug Davis and Dana Eveland for Johnny Estrada, Greg Aquino, and Claudio Vargas. On April 8, , the Diamondbacks released him. He signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles in December 2008.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dave Krynzel Minor League Splits and Situational Stats

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Dave Krynzel

wikipedia_title: Dave Krynzel


text:
bishop of Płock
stolnik
Czersk
Andrzej z Gościeńczyc
cześnik
Jakub z Gościeńczyc i Mińska
Kraków Academy
Paweł Giżycki
Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk
Jakub of Sienno

paragraph: Ścibor z Gościeńczyc

paragraph: Ścibor z Gościeńczyc (literally: Ścibor of Gościeńczyce) (d. 4 May 1471) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest and the bishop of Płock since 1463.

paragraph: He was son Jan, stolnik of Czersk. His older brothers were Andrzej z Gościeńczyc, a "cześnik" of Ciechanów, and Jakub z Gościeńczyc i Mińska, a castellan of Czersk.

paragraph: In 1435 he became a student of the Kraków Academy (now Jagiellonian University), but there is no information that he finished study.

paragraph: After the death of Paweł Giżycki, a bishop of Płock, Ścibor was elected his successor. It was against the will of Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk, king of Poland, who supported Jakub of Sienno. As a bishop Ścibor supported the policy of princes of Mazovia.

paragraph: Ścibor z Gościeńczyc died on 4 May 1471.

wikidata_label: Ścibor z Gościeńczyc

wikipedia_title: Ścibor z Gościeńczyc


text:
cellist
Conservatoire de Paris
premier prix"
Camille Saint-Saëns
Cello Concerto No. 1
viola da gamba
Musical Instrument Museum

categories: French male composers,1919 deaths,French composers,French classical cellists,1830 births,Musicians from Paris,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

paragraph: Auguste Tolbecque

paragraph: Auguste Tolbecque (March 30, 1830 – March 8, 1919) was a French cellist who composed a number of etudes for his instrument. Born in Paris, Tolbecque studied cello with Olive-Charlier Vaslin at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he was awarded the premier prix" for cello in 1849. He later taught at the Marseille Conservatory from 1865–1871, followed by a period in Paris, where he performed with the Société des Concerts du Conservatoire, as well as with the Maurin and Lamoureux string quartets. On January 19, 1873, Tolbecque premiered Camille Saint-Saëns "Cello Concerto No. 1", a work which was dedicated to him by the composer.

paragraph: In addition to his career as a professional cellist, Tolbecque built and constructed a number of historical instruments, and would often perform works on viola da gamba during his recitals. Many of his instruments were acquired for the collection of the Brussels Conservatoire (now the Musical Instrument Museum) in 1879.

description: French cellist and instrument maker

wikidata_label: Auguste Tolbecque

wikipedia_title: Auguste Tolbecque


text: professional baseball

text: umpire

text: Major League Baseball

text: right fielder

text: first baseman

text: Buffalo Bisons

text: Pittsburgh Alleghenys/Pirates

text: Brooklyn Grays

text: Toledo Maumees

text: Rockford, Illinois

text: American Association

text: runs

text: doubles

text: total bases

text: average

text: batting average

text: slugging percentage

text: on-base percentage

text: bases on balls

text: games played

text: hits

text: runs scored

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

text: Retrosheet

categories: Providence Grays (minor league) players,Major League Baseball first basemen,Brooklyn Grays players,Baseball players from Illinois,Major League Baseball right fielders,Buffalo Bisons (NL) players,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Hamilton Hams players,Sioux City Corn Huskers players,Rochester Flour Cities players,Providence Clamdiggers (baseball) players,Toledo Maumees players,19th-century baseball players,Pittsburgh Alleghenys players,1924 deaths,1859 births

paragraph: Ed Swartwood

paragraph: Cyrus Edward Swartwood (January 12, 1859 – May 15, 1924) was an American professional baseball player and umpire. He played all or part of nine seasons in Major League Baseball, primarily as a right fielder and first baseman. He played for the Buffalo Bisons (1881), Pittsburgh Alleghenys/Pirates (1882–84, 1892), Brooklyn Grays (1885–87), and Toledo Maumees (1890). A native of Rockford, Illinois, he stood and weighed .

paragraph: In 1882 he led the American Association in runs (86), doubles (18), and total bases (159). He was the league batting champion in 1883 with a .357 average. Swartwood finished in the top in many offensive categories throughout his career, including batting average (three times), slugging percentage (three times), on-base percentage (five times), and bases on balls (six times).

paragraph: Career totals for 724 games played include 861 hits, 14 home runs, 607 runs scored, and a batting average of .299. After his playing career was over, Swartwood became an umpire. He umpired in the majors in 1894 and then from 1898 through 1900, totaling 429 games.

paragraph: Swartwood died at the age of 65 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and is interred at Union Dale Cemetery in that town.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Ed Swartwood

wikipedia_title: Ed Swartwood


text: Manchu

text: Bordered Yellow Banner

text: Kangxi Emperor

text: Ebilun

text: Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor

text: Eidu

text: Aisin Gioro

text: Nurhaci

text: Alingga

text: Noble Consort Wenxi

text: Kangxi Emperor

text: Empress Xiaochengren

text: Eastern Qing tombs

text: Shunzhi Emperor

text: Kangxi Emperor

text: Yongzheng Emperor

categories: 1653 births,Manchu people,17th-century Chinese women,1678 deaths,Qing dynasty empresses

image: 512px-《孝昭仁皇后常服像》局部.jpg

paragraph: Empress Xiaozhaoren

paragraph: Empress Xiaozhaoren (1653 – 18 March 1678), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a consort of the Kangxi Emperor. She was one year his senior.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Empress Xiaozhaoren's personal name was not recorded in history.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Family background.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Ebilun (d. 1673), served as one of the Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor, and held the title of a first class duke ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paternal grandfather: Eidu (1562–1621)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paternal grandmother: Aisin Gioro Mukushen (; 1595–1659), Nurhaci's fourth daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Lady Šušu Gioro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seven brothers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seventh younger brother: Alingga (1670–1716)

paragraph: BULLET::::- One elder sister and four younger sisters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third younger sister: Noble Consort Wenxi (d. 1694)

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Kangxi era.

paragraph: In 1665, Lady Niohuru entered the Forbidden City and became a mistress of the Kangxi Emperor. Lady Niohuru did not receive any rank or title initially. After the Kangxi Emperor's first empress consort, Empress Xiaochengren, died on 6 June 1674, the Kangxi Emperor did not elevate any of his consorts to the position of Empress to replace her. On 18 September 1677, Lady Niohuru was first mentioned in official histories when the Kangxi Emperor instated her as his new Empress. As Empress, Lady Niohuru was in charge of the emperor's harem. She died on 18 March 1678 and was interred in the Jing Mausoleum of the Eastern Qing tombs alongside Empress Xiaochengren.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1643–1661):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Niohuru (from 1653)

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress (; from 18 September 1677)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Empress Xiaozhao" (; from 11 May 1678)

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735):

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Empress Xiaozhaoren" (; from July 1723)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty

description: Qing Dynasty empress

wikidata_label: Empress Xiaozhaoren

wikipedia_title: Empress Xiaozhaoren