text:
professional golfer
1891 Open Championship
St Andrews
Scotland
Andrew
Jack
1891 Open Championship
Old Course at St Andrews
Andrew
Willie Fernie
Troon
phthisis pulmonalis

wikipedia_title:
Professional golfer
1891 Open Championship
St Andrews
Scotland
Andrew Kirkaldy (golfer)
Jack Kirkaldy
1891 Open Championship
Old Course at St Andrews
Andrew Kirkaldy (golfer)
Willie Fernie (golfer)
Troon
Tuberculosis

categories: Winners of men's major golf championships,Scottish male golfers,People from St Andrews,1865 births

paragraph: Hugh Kirkaldy

paragraph: Hugh Kirkaldy (5 June 1868 – 4 April 1897) was a Scottish professional golfer who played in the late 19th century. He won the 1891 Open Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Kirkaldy was born on 5 June 1868 at St Andrews, Scotland. His brothers, Andrew and Jack, were also professional golfers.

paragraph: Section::::Golf career.

paragraph: Section::::Golf career.:1891 Open Championship.

paragraph: He won the 1891 Open Championship, which was played over the Old Course at St Andrews. The tournament was played in October, in rough weather, and his winning score was 166 for 36 holes. He beat his brother Andrew and Willie Fernie of Troon by two shots. It was the last Open Championship contested over 36 holes.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: On 4 April 1897, just six years after winning the 1891 Open Championship, he died of phthisis pulmonalis at the age of 28.

paragraph: Section::::Results in major championships.:Results timeline.

paragraph: "Note: Kirkaldy only played in The Open Championship."br

paragraph: "T" indicates a tie for a place

description: professional golfer

wikidata_label: Hugh Kirkaldy

wikipedia_title: Hugh Kirkaldy


text:
Hellenistic Jewish
Ephesus
Hebrew Bible
Greek
Septuagint
The Shepherd of Hermas
Justin Martyr
Dialogue with Trypho
lacuna
Book of Jeremiah
Book of Job
Origen of Alexandria
Hexapla
Aquila
Book of Daniel
Septuagint
Papyrus 967
Jerome
Masoretic Text
Sixtus V
Bernard de Montfaucon
Moses Gaster
Emil Schürer

wikipedia_title:
Hellenistic Judaism
Ephesus
Hebrew Bible
Ancient Greek
Septuagint
The Shepherd of Hermas
Justin Martyr
Dialogue with Trypho
Lacuna (manuscripts)
Book of Jeremiah
Book of Job
Origen
Hexapla
Aquila of Sinope
Book of Daniel
Septuagint
Papyrus 967
Jerome
Masoretic Text
Pope Sixtus V
Bernard de Montfaucon
Moses Gaster
Emil Schürer

categories: 2nd-century translators,Translators from Hebrew,Bible versions and translations

paragraph: Theodotion

paragraph: Theodotion (; , "gen".: Θεοδοτίωνος; died c. 200) was a Hellenistic Jewish scholar, perhaps working in Ephesus, who in c. 150 CE translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek. Whether he was revising the Septuagint, or was working from Hebrew manuscripts that represented a parallel tradition that has not survived, is debated. In the 2nd century Theodotion's text was quoted in "The Shepherd of Hermas" and in Justin Martyr's "Dialogue with Trypho".

paragraph: His finished version, which filled some lacunae in the Septuagint version of the "Book of Jeremiah" and "Book of Job", formed one column in Origen of Alexandria's "Hexapla", c. 240 CE. The Hexapla, now only extant in fragments, presented six Hebrew and Greek texts side-by-side: two Greek versions, by Aquila and Symmachus, and Theodotion's version following it, apparently reflecting a contemporary understanding of their historical sequence.

paragraph: Theodotion's translation was so widely copied in the Early Christian church that its version of the "Book of Daniel" virtually superseded the Septuagint's. The Septuagint "Daniel" survives in only a two known manuscripts, "Codex Chisianus 88" (rediscovered in the 1770s), and Papyrus 967 (discovered 1931). Jerome, in his preface to Daniel (407 CE), records the rejection of the Septuagint version of that book in Christian usage: "I ... wish to emphasize to the reader the fact that it was not according to the Septuagint version but according to the version of Theodotion himself that the churches publicly read Daniel." Jerome's preface also mentions that the "Hexapla" had notations in it, indicating several major differences in content between the Theodotion Daniel and the earlier versions in Greek and Hebrew. However, Theodotion's Daniel is closer to the surviving Hebrew Masoretic Text version, the text which is the basis for most modern translations. Theodotion's Daniel is also the one embodied in the authorised edition of the Septuagint published by Sixtus V in 1587.

paragraph: Theodotion's caution in transliterating Hebrew words for plants, animals, vestments and ritual regalia, and words of uncertain meaning, rather than adopting a Greek rendering, gave him a reputation of being "unlearned" among more confident post-Renaissance editors, such as Bernard de Montfaucon.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- On Weights and Measures (Epiphanius)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jewish Encyclopedia": "Theodotion" Details of Theodotion's insertions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moses Gaster, 1894. "The Unknown Aramaic Original of Theodotion's Additions to Daniel" in "Proceedings of the Society for Biblical Archaeology" Vol. xvi. Demonstrating that the existing Aramaic text is itself an adaptation from the Greek of Theodotion, not its original.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emil Schürer in Herzog-Hauck, "Real-Encyclopädie für protestantische Theologie" i. 639 (1909)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodotion's version - The Greek text and English translation of Theodotion's Greek version of the Old Testament.

wikidata_label: Theodotion

wikipedia_title: Theodotion


text: women's rights

text: English Woman's Journal

text: Alfreton

text: Benjamin (Ben) Leigh Smith

text: Radical

text: abolitionist

text: William Smith

text: William Nightingale

text: Florence

text: John Bonham-Carter (1788–1838)

text: Bonham Carter family

text: Marylebone

text: Hastings

text: landed gentry

text: Dissenter

text: Unitarian

text: free trade

text: Vincent Square

text: Westminster

text: Whatlington

text: Battle, East Sussex

text: Isle of Wight

text: illegitimacy

text: Ben

text: sea air

text: Ryde

text: The Ladies of Langham Place

text: Married Women's Property Act 1882

text: Anna Mary Howitt

text: Eugène Bodichon

text: Algiers

text: English Women's Journal

text: Emily Davies

text: Hitchin

text: Girton College, Cambridge

text: Unitarian

text: Theodore Parker

text: William Holman Hunt

text: Royal Academy

text: Corot

text: Daubigny

text: salon

text: George Eliot

text: Adam Bede

text: Romola

text: Robertsbridge

text: Jessie Boucherett

text: Helen Taylor

text: English Woman's Journal

text: Lesley Abdela

text: Brightling

text: Nottingham Trent University

text: Blue Plaque

text: Baroness Hale

text: President of the Supreme Court

text: Girton College

text: History of feminism

text: Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom

text: Sophie Gengembre Anderson

text: Mary Baker

text: Ann Charlotte Bartholomew

text: Maria Bell

text: Joanna Mary Boyce

text: Margaret Sarah Carpenter

text: Fanny Corbaux

text: Rosa Corder

text: Mary Ellen Edwards

text: Harriet Gouldsmith

text: Mary Harrison (artist)

text: Jane Benham Hay

text: Anna Mary Howitt

text: Mary Moser

text: Martha Darley Mutrie

text: Ann Mary Newton

text: Emily Mary Osborn

text: Kate Perugini

text: Louise Rayner

text: Ellen Sharples

text: Rolinda Sharples

text: Rebecca Solomon

text: Elizabeth Emma Soyer

text: Isabelle de Steiger

text: Henrietta Ward

text: Hastings Press bio of Bodichon

text: Barbara Bodichon

text: Excerpts from an American Diary

categories: English suffragists,19th-century British women artists,British salon-holders,English feminists,Orientalist painters,People from Battle, East Sussex,1891 deaths,1827 births,English women painters,English Unitarians,English educational theorists,University and college founders,British women's rights activists,People associated with Girton College, Cambridge,Feminist artists,Women of the Victorian era

paragraph: Barbara Bodichon

paragraph: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon (8 April 1827 – 11 June 1891) was an English educationalist and artist, and a leading mid-19th-century feminist and women's rights activist. She published her influential "Brief Summary of the Laws of England concerning Women" in 1854. She co-founded the English Woman's Journal in 1858.

paragraph: Section::::Family and upbringing.

paragraph: Barbara Bodichon was the extra-marital child of Anne Longden, a milliner from Alfreton, and the Whig politician Benjamin (Ben) Leigh Smith (1783–1860), the only son of the Radical abolitionist William Smith. Benjamin had four sisters. One, Frances (Fanny) Smith, married William Nightingale (né Shore) and produced a daughter, Florence, the nurse and statistician; another, Joanna Maria, married John Bonham-Carter (1788–1838) MP and founded the Bonham Carter family. Ben's father wanted him to marry Mary Shore, the sister of William Nightingale, now a relative by marriage.

paragraph: Ben Smith's home was in Marylebone, London, but from 1816 he inherited and purchased property near Hastings: Brown's Farm near Robertsbridge, with an extant house built about 1700, and Crowham Manor, Westfield, which included . Although a member of the landed gentry, Smith held radical views. He was a Dissenter, a Unitarian, a supporter of free trade, and a benefactor to the poor. In 1826 he bore the cost of building a school for the inner city poor at Vincent Square, Westminster, and paid a penny a week towards the fees for each child, the same amount as paid by their parents.

paragraph: On a visit to his sister in Derbyshire in 1826, Smith met Anne Longden. She became pregnant by Smith and he took her to the south of England, establishing her in a rented lodge at Whatlington, a small village near Battle, East Sussex. There she lived as "Mrs Leigh", the surname of Ben Smith's relations on the nearby Isle of Wight. Barbara's birth created a scandal because the couple did not marry; illegitimacy carried a heavy social stigma. Smith rode from Brown's Farm to visit them daily, and within eight weeks Anne was pregnant again. When their son Ben was born, the four of them went to America for two years, during which time another child was conceived.

paragraph: On their return to Sussex they lived openly together at Brown's and had two more children. After their last child was born in 1833, Anne became ill with tuberculosis and Smith leased 9 Pelham Crescent, Hastings, which faced the sea; the healthy properties of sea air were highly regarded at the time. A local woman, Hannah Walker, was employed to look after the children. Anne did not recover, so Smith took her to Ryde, Isle of Wight, where she died in 1834.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Early on in her life , Barbara showed a force of character and breadth of sympathies that would win her a prominent place among philanthropists and social workers. She and a group of London friends began to meet regularly in the 1850s to discuss women's rights, and became known as "The Ladies of Langham Place". This became one of the first organised women's movements in Britain. They pursued many causes vigorously, including their Married Women's Property Committee. In 1854, she published "Brief Summary of the Laws of England concerning Women", which was useful in promoting the passage of the Married Women's Property Act 1882. During this period she became close friends with the artist Anna Mary Howitt, for whom she sat on several occasions.

paragraph: In 1857, she married an eminent French physician, Dr Eugène Bodichon, and although wintering for many years in Algiers, she continued to lead the movements she had initiated on behalf of Englishwomen.

paragraph: In 1858, she set up the "English Women's Journal", an organ for discussing employment and equality issues directly concerning women, in particular manual or intellectual industrial employment, expansion of employment opportunities, and reform of laws pertaining to the sexes.

paragraph: In 1866, cooperating with Emily Davies, she came up with a scheme to extend university education to women. The first small experiment in this at Hitchin developed into Girton College, Cambridge, to which she gave liberally of her time and money.

paragraph: Bodichon was a Unitarian, who wrote of Theodore Parker: "He prayed to the Creator, the infinite Mother of us all (always using Mother instead of Father in this prayer). It was the prayer of all I ever heard in my life which was the truest to my individual soul."

paragraph: Despite all her public interests, she found time for society and her favourite art of painting. She studied under William Holman Hunt. Her water colours, exhibited at the Salon, the Royal Academy and elsewhere, showed great originality and talent, and were admired by Corot and Daubigny. Her London salon included many of the literary and artistic celebrities of her day. She was George Eliot's most intimate friend, and according to her, the first to recognise the authorship of "Adam Bede". Her personal appearance is said to be described in that of "Romola". Bodichon died at Robertsbridge, Sussex, on 11 June 1891.

paragraph: On 21 November 1865, Barbara Bodichon, with the help of Jessie Boucherett and Helen Taylor, brought up the idea of a parliamentary reform aimed at achieving the right to vote for women.

paragraph: Section::::Education and activism.

paragraph: Bodichon's maiden name was originally Smith. She was an English leader in the movements of education and political rights for women during the 1800s. She became Barbara Bodichon after marrying French physicist Éugene Bodichon in 1857, but marriage did not deter her from continuing her campaigns for women's rights to education.

paragraph: Bodichon studied at the Ladies' College in Bedford founded in London, England in 1829. Here she was given instruction for work as a professional artist rather than an art instructor. Bodichon came from a liberal Unitarian family with a private income. Their independent wealth gave Bodichon more freedom to grow as an artist.

paragraph: In 1852, after she had enrolled in Bedford College, she developed and opened Portman Hall School in Paddington, in conjunction with Elizabeth Whitehead.

paragraph: In 1854, Bodichon published the "Brief Summary in Plain Language of the Most Important Laws Concerning Women," which was crucial in the passage of the Married Women's Property Act. In 1866, in collaboration with Emily Davies, she presented the idea of university education for women, being able to conduct the first experiment at a college in Hitchin, which developed into Girton College, which Bodichon became a dedicated patron. She would study under the English artist William Henry Hunt to develop her skill in watercolors.

paragraph: Bodichon belonged to the "Langham Place Circle", a group of forward-thinking women artists who developed the "English Woman's Journal". During the 1850s, this group fought for women's education, employment, property rights, and suffrage. In 1859, Bodichon, along with many female artists including Eliza Fox, Margaret Gillies, and Emily Mary Osborn all signed a petition demanding access for women to the Royal Academy School. Their request was denied, stating that it would require the Royal Academy to develop "separate" life classes. In 1860, Laura Herford, one of the women artists fighting for access, submitted an application to the Royal Academy School using only her initials. She was accepted, much to the embarrassment of the Academy. Herford's enrollment was permitted, and gradually more women artists were accepted in subsequent years.

paragraph: Section::::Refurbishment.

paragraph: In 2007, Irene Baker and Lesley Abdela helped to restore Barbara Bodichon's grave in the churchyard of Brightling, East Sussex, about from London. It was in a state of disrepair, with railings rusted and breaking away and the tomb inscription scarcely legible. The historian Dr Judith Rowbotham at Nottingham Trent University issued an appeal for funds to restore the grave and its surroundings, which raised about £1,000. The railings were sand-blasted and repainted and the granite tomb was cleaned.

paragraph: Section::::Commemoration.

paragraph: On 30 June 2019, a Blue Plaque jointly commemorating founders Barbara Bodichon and Emily Davies was unveiled at Girton College by Baroness Hale, President of the Supreme Court, as part of the college's 150th anniversary celebrations. The plaque is sited on the main tower at the entrance to Girton College off Huntingdon Road.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of feminism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Unitarians, Universalists, and Unitarian Universalists

paragraph: BULLET::::- English women painters from the early 19th century who exhibited at the Royal Academy of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sophie Gengembre Anderson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Baker

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ann Charlotte Bartholomew

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Bell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joanna Mary Boyce

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret Sarah Carpenter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fanny Corbaux

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rosa Corder

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Ellen Edwards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harriet Gouldsmith

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Harrison (artist)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jane Benham Hay

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Mary Howitt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Moser

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martha Darley Mutrie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ann Mary Newton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emily Mary Osborn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kate Perugini

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louise Rayner

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ellen Sharples

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rolinda Sharples

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rebecca Solomon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Emma Soyer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabelle de Steiger

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henrietta Ward

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthews, Jacquie. Barbara Bodichon: Integrity in diversity (1827–1891) in Spender, Dale (ed.), "Feminist theorists: Three centuries of key women thinkers", Pantheon 1983, pp. 90–123

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hastings Press bio of Bodichon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Bodichon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Girton College Cambridge: Personal Papers of Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Excerpts from an American Diary

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Victorian web: Barbara Leigh Smith (Madame Bodichon) and Hastings

alias:
Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon
Barbara Leigh Smith

description: British educationalist, artist, feminist and activist for women's rights

wikidata_label: Barbara Bodichon

wikipedia_title: Barbara Bodichon


text:
John Cleveley the Elder
Robert
marine painter
Paul Sandby
Joseph Banks
Hebrides
Orkney
Iceland
British Museum
Captain Cook
Death of Cook
HMS Resolution
Moorea
HMS Alexander
Dutch Golden Age
"The Cleveley Family", at "Portcities"

categories: English watercolourists,English male painters,British marine artists,18th-century English painters,1747 births

paragraph: John Cleveley the Younger

paragraph: John Cleveley the Younger (24 December 1747 – 25 June 1786) was a British artist and marine painter.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Cleverley was the son of John Cleveley the Elder. He and his twin brother Robert were both, like their father, marine painters. John and Robert were both brought up and trained in dockyards, but (particularly by producing pictures especially for print reproduction) addressed much wider audiences with their art than their father had done.

paragraph: He trained under the artist Paul Sandby at Woolwich. He was Joseph Banks' draughtsman on his journey to the Hebrides, Orkney, and Iceland, his sketches were worked into watercolour, some of which were placed with the British Museum. John was employed to turn drawings made on Captain Cook’s second voyage to the South Seas (1772–75) into engravings, and later also got access to some of the art produced on the third voyage, 1776-80 (via his brother James, who was a carpenter on the third voyage). Despite going on neither expedition personally, John moved fast to cash in on the new demand for South Seas images, producing images for the print market such as the "Death of Cook", and "HMS Resolution and at Moorea".

paragraph: John the Younger painted the Royal Dockyards at Deptford, Woolwich and Chatham (e.g. the hand-coloured print "A view of His Majesty’s dockyard at Chatham", showing a naval ship being floated out, a launching scene common in the work of both father and son; and "Launch of HMS Alexander at Deptford in 1778"). However, John the Younger's launch scenes abandon John the Elder's documentary style and its stiffness, and instead show a more atmospheric, open view, with low horizons reminiscent of 17th-century Dutch Golden Age marine art. The son's range of subjects was also far wider.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cleveley Family", at "Portcities"

alias:
John Cleveley
John II Cleveley
John, Jr. Cleveley
John I Cleveley
John, II Cleveley
John Cleveley Jr.

description: British artist

wikidata_label: John Cleveley the Younger

wikipedia_title: John Cleveley the Younger


text: English

text: drummer

text: The Animals

text: Gateshead Grammar School

text: records

text: Bing Crosby

text: Al Jolson

text: Fats Waller

text: Sid Phillips

text: singer

text: Eric Burdon

text: trumpet

text: traditional jazz

text: Elvin Jones

text: Art Blakey

text: rock 'n' roll

text: Alan Price

text: Byker

text: Newcastle

text: Hilton Valentine

text: Chas Chandler

text: record

text: charted

text: single

text: Inside Looking Out

text: Chas Chandler

text: management

text: publishing

text: Eggs over Easy

text: pub rock

text: Hilton Valentine

text: Dave Rowberry

text: Zoot Money

text: Mick Gallagher

text: Jim Rodford

text: Danny McCulloch

text: Color Line

text: Scandinavia

text: Germany

text: Allmusic

text: website

categories: 1941 births,People from Gateshead,British rhythm and blues boom musicians,Musicians from Tyne and Wear,English rock drummers,The Animals members,Living people

paragraph: John Steel (drummer)

paragraph: John Steel (born 4 February 1941) is an English musician well known for being the drummer for The Animals. Having served as the band's drummer at its inception in 1963, he is the only original bandmember playing in the current incarnation of The Animals. His tenures with the band are 1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983 and 1992 – present.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: John Steel was the youngest of four children. He attended Gateshead Grammar School. As a child, he and his siblings took piano lessons, though only Steel would go on to have a career in music. Growing up, Steel was exposed to records from Bing Crosby, Al Jolson, Fats Waller and Sid Phillips.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Steel started his career as a musician while still in school around 1957. He met the future lead singer of the Animals, Eric Burdon, while they were studying together at the Newcastle College of Art and Industrial Design. His first instrument was the trumpet, and this was his primary instrument in the first group where he and Burdon played together. Steel's musical influences initially came from traditional jazz, but he later drew influence from modern jazz. When he transitioned to drums, Steel admired jazz drummers such as Elvin Jones and Art Blakey. They switched from jazz to embrace the new rock 'n' roll explosion.

paragraph: In March 1959, Steel met Alan Price at a church hop in Byker, Newcastle, and with Hilton Valentine (guitar) and Chas Chandler (bass) formed a band; by 1960 the Alan Price Combo had acquired a reputation in Newcastle. Burdon joined in 1962 from a band called the Pagans, and the Animals were born.

paragraph: Steel went on to play and record with them until February 1966. His last charted single with the group was "Inside Looking Out".

paragraph: Subsequently, Steel returned to Newcastle and became a businessman, while also working in former bandmate Chas Chandler's management and publishing organisations. In 1971, Chandler introduced him to the band Eggs over Easy, with whom he played as they started the pub rock music genre. Over the years Steel has remained active as a part-time local drummer and has joined several Animals' reunion incarnations.

paragraph: Steel has toured since 1993 as the drummer with variations of the Animals line-up including Hilton Valentine, Dave Rowberry, Zoot Money and Mick Gallagher. In 1993, Hilton Valentine formed "Animals II", which was joined by John Steel in 1994 and Dave Rowberry in 1999. Other members of this version of the band include Steve Hutchinson, Steve Dawson and Martin Bland. From 1999 until Valentine's departure in 2001, the band toured as the Animals. After Valentine left this Animals incarnation in 2001, Steel and Rowberry continued on as "Animals and Friends", with Peter Barton, Jim Rodford and John Williamson, joined on occasion by ex-"New Animals" bassist Danny McCulloch. When Rowberry died in 2003, he was replaced by Mickey Gallagher (who had briefly replaced Alan Price in 1965). Animals and Friends continues to perform today, and frequently plays engagements on a Color Line ship that travels between Scandinavia and Germany.

paragraph: In 2003, Steel provided an invited review of "Sick of Being Me", a novel by Sean Egan, a novelist and journalist with a number of publications relating to the music industry. The novel concerned the challenges to a struggling musician in the 1990s.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Ownership of Animals name.

paragraph: In 2008, an adjudicator determined that John Steel owned ""The Animals"" name in Britain, by virtue of a trademark registration Steel had made in relation to the name. Eric Burdon had objected to the trademark registration, arguing that Burdon personally embodied any goodwill associated with "the Animals" name. Burdon's argument was rejected, in part based on the fact that he had billed himself as ""Eric Burdon and the Animals"" as early as 1967, thus separating the goodwill associated with his own name from that of the band.

paragraph: In 2013 Eric Burdon won an appeal, making him the owner of the Animals name.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ John Steel biography] at Allmusic website

description: British drummer

wikidata_label: John Steel

wikipedia_title: John Steel (drummer)


text: American

text: rapper

text: Wu-Tang Clan affiliate

text: Bedford-Stuyvesant

text: Brownsville, Brooklyn

text: religious

text: Black Hebrew Israelites

text: political

text: supergroup

text: the HRSMN

text: Canibus

text: Ras Kass

text: Kurupt

text: Gravediggaz

text: 6 Feet Deep

text: Diary of a Madman

text: Ol' Dirty Bastard

text: GZA

text: Liquid Swords

text: 1995 in music

text: Sunz Of Man

text: Hell Razah

text: 60 Second Assassin

text: Prodigal Sunn

text: Shabazz the Disciple

text: Wu-Tang Records

text: Shabazz the Disciple

text: Heavy Mental

text: Geffen Records

text: African American

text: Wu-Elements

text: RZA

text: The Last Shall Be First

text: Timbo King

text: supergroup

text: The HRSMN

text: Ras Kass

text: Canibus

text: Kurupt

text: Dreddy Kruger

text: The Horsemen Project

text: Think Differently Music

text: View From Masada

text: Maccabeez

text: Just Blaze

text: Cam'ron

text: Erick Sermon

text: Fabolous

text: Jay-Z

text: Priesthood

text: Black August

text: Black August Revisited

text: Ol' Dirty Bastard

text: Made You Look

text: Nas

text: Wu-Tang Killa Beez

text: Masta Killa

text: No Said Date

text: The Offering

text: Stacey Castro

text: Nas

text: Immortal Technique

text: 4th Disciple

text: Hell Razah

text: Behind the Stained Glass

text: 4th Disciple

text: RZA

text: The Psychic World of Walter Reed

text: Digital Dynasty 24

text: Ghostface Killah

text: Gravediggaz

text: 6 Feet Deep

text: Ice-T

text: Ice Cube

text: Chuck D

text: RZA

text: Kam

text: Mobb Deep

text: Smooth B

text: Sunz Of Man

text: One Million Strong

text: Jon Spencer Blues Explosion

text: Experimental Remixes

text: Ol' Dirty Bastard

text: GZA

text: Liquid Swords

text: AIDS

text: America Is Dying Slowly

text: The Pick, the Sickle and the Shovel

text: DJ Spooky

text: Bounty Killer

text: KRS-One

text: Buckshot

text: Cam'Ron

text: Redman

text: Keith Murray

text: Prodigy

text: Intonarumori

text: GZA/Genius "Beneath The Surface"

text: Canibus

text: 2000 B.C.

text: Tim Westwood

text: Cappadonna

text: The Yin and the Yang

text: Wu-Chronicles, Chapter 2

text: Guru

text: Baldhead Slick & Da Click

text: Block McCloud

text: Jean Grae

text: Pumpkinhead

text: Masta Killa

text: R.A. The Rugged Man

text: Die, Rugged Man, Die

text: No Said Date

text: Saviorself

text: Jedi Mind Tricks

text: Legacy of Blood

text: Nas

text: Socalled

text: Remedy

text: Chino XL

text: Poison Pen

text: Closed captioned

text: Ill Bill

text: Cilvaringz

text: I

text: Canibus

text: For Whom the Beat Tolls

text: Chum

text: Picture of Selassie

text: Khari Kill

text: Jah Bami

text: Praxis

text: Profanation (Preparation for a Coming Darkness)

text: Brooklyn Zu

text: Da Shogunz

text: Achozen

text: Heavyweight Dub Champion

text: Hussein Fatal

text: Stat Quo

text: DoItAll

text: Sha Stimuli

text: Mr. probz

text: U-God

text: Dopium

text: Apollo Kids

text: Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang

text: The Tree of Knowledge of Good & Evil

text: Flip

text: Official Site

text: Interview on DUBCNN

text: Uncensored Interview on Conspiracy Radio

categories: Sunz of Man members,Musicians from Brooklyn,21st-century American rappers,Geffen Records artists,African-American male rappers,Wu-Tang Clan affiliates,MCA Records artists,People from Brownsville, Brooklyn,Black Market Militia members,1970 births,20th-century American rappers,Black Hebrew Israelite people,Rappers from New York City,Living people

paragraph: Killah Priest

paragraph: Walter Reed (born August 16, 1970), better known by his stage name Killah Priest, is an American rapper and Wu-Tang Clan affiliate who was raised in Bedford-Stuyvesant and Brownsville, Brooklyn. He is known for his intensely spiritual lyrics, containing religious references and metaphors. He is connected to the Black Hebrew Israelites through his rhymes, and is known for his controversial and political subject matter. He is also a part of supergroup the HRSMN along with Canibus, Ras Kass, and Kurupt.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Killah Priest first made himself known to the hip hop world rapping on two songs on the Gravediggaz album "6 Feet Deep" (which are "Diary of a Madman" and "Graveyard Chamber") in 1994, and followed this with two appearances on each of two Wu-Tang Clan solo albums, Ol' Dirty Bastard's "" and GZA's "Liquid Swords", both from 1995 (see 1995 in music). "Liquid Swords" in fact included a Killah Priest solo track titled "B.I.B.L.E. (Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth)". Also in 1995, Priest's group Sunz Of Man with rappers Hell Razah, 60 Second Assassin, Prodigal Sunn, Shabazz the Disciple were signed to Wu-Tang Records and released three 12" singles through the label. Initially Sunz Of Man included Shabazz the Disciple, who had previously been in a duo with Priest called The Disciples Of Armageddon, .

paragraph: Killah Priest's first solo album was "Heavy Mental", released on Geffen Records on February 24, 1998. It mostly expanded on the themes of "B.I.B.L.E.", featuring religious references and allegory woven into commentary on African American society and history. The album was mostly produced by the Wu-Elements producers, a group of in-house Wu-Tang producers mentored by Wu leader RZA. Sunz Of Man released their debut album "The Last Shall Be First" later in 1998, but by that time Priest's ties to the Wu were beginning to weaken, as he and long-time friend Shabazz clashed with RZA (their business ties with the Wu also began to weaken after the GZA Entertainment management agency, which they were both signed to, dissolved in 1996). After unsuccessful attempts by the pair to create new post-Wu Tang crews (Priest proposed a crew called the Maccabeez which would include himself, Shabazz and Timbo King among others, while Shabazz proposed a group including himself and Priest called the Sunz Of Thunder) they both effectively went their separate ways and cut their respective Wu-Tang ties.

paragraph: After leaving the Wu stable, and consequently also effectively leaving Sunz Of Man, Priest helped form the hip hop supergroup The HRSMN with Ras Kass, Canibus and Kurupt. In October 2003, Killah Priest and Dreddy Kruger released a nine track album entitled The Horsemen Project. It was released independently through "Think Differently Music"/"Proverbs Music Inc." and was only available to purchase off the internet. Each track featured at least two members of the group as well as an appearance by Pak Man. It is currently unknown who handled the majority of the production on the album, although it is known that Mark Sparks was responsible for two songs. On Killah Priest's HipHopGame.com journal, he mentions the Horsemen a few times. The talks about a new album were mentioned on the May 1, 2006 entry. He said "The Horsemen project is definitely going to come. Right now we just have to get Kurupt. He's been doing the Dogg Pound thing, but it's definitely going to come. We have songs recorded and we have more in store."

paragraph: Ras Kass and Canibus were featured on Priest's second album, "View From Masada", which featured no Wu-Tang input whatsoever (though the album's liner notes included the note "Peace to Wu-Tang Clan"). The album had a decidedly more commercially minded style than "Heavy Mental", and introduced his new Maccabeez crew, featuring a crew of then-unknown rappers. The album was also an important early stepping stone to stardom for producer Just Blaze, who would later go on to produce countless mainstream hip hop hits for the likes of Cam'ron, Erick Sermon, Fabolous and Jay-Z. However, "View From Masada" received mixed reviews.

paragraph: Priest had to leave the major labels behind after "View From Masada" sold poorly. His first independent release "Priesthood" (2001), released on Proverbs Music, his own record label, was critically acclaimed though it suffered from very limited distribution. "Black August" followed in 2003 on Recon Records, and was also well received. Priest also released an album on the Internet titled "Black August Revisited" a few months after the release of "Black August" which shared few similarities with the original, save its title. "Black August Revisited" also saw Priest rediscover his Wu-Tang ties, including collaborations with Hell Razah and Ol' Dirty Bastard. He also appeared in the music video for the single "Made You Look" by fellow New York rapper Nas. In 2009, Killah Priest launched the controversial music video "Redemption" directed by One_Over. The video promotes the beliefs of the Black Hebrew Israelites that believe in the 12 Tribes of Israel in the name of Jesus Christ (Yahawashi Ha Mashayach).

paragraph: In 2004, Priest performed numerous times with other Wu-Tang Killa Beez and also appeared on Masta Killa's album "No Said Date". November 2005 saw the re-release of "Priesthood" on Mic Club Music, a label owned by Louis Lombard III (aka Luminati), who produced "Priesthood" as well as recent albums by Canibus. March 2007 saw the release of Killah Priest's mixtape album "End of the World".

paragraph: On August 21, 2007, Killah Priest released The Offering, which was sequenced by his former manager, Stacey Castro and featured appearances from Nas, Immortal Technique, his fellow HRSMN, & 4th Disciple as well as Hell Razah, who appears on the advance single title track that was released in October 2005.

paragraph: Killah Priest next album titled "Behind the Stained Glass", was released on May 20, 2008 on the label Good Hands Records. It is reported that he's also in the midst of recording "Behind the Stained Glass Part Two". Killah Priest also released an album titled "Elizabeth" on October 20, 2009 on Proverbs Records, which Priest owns. Killah Priest is also recording another double album called "The Psychic World of Walter Reed", produced by Dutch producers Godz Wrath, 4th Disciple, RZA, and more. Killah Priest also mentioned in a YouTube interview for "Pyramid West" that he is also working on a sequel to "Heavy Mental" called "Heavier Mental."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:2010s and beyond.

paragraph: In an August 2010 radio interview with Mista Montana, Killah Priest discussed the creation of his next album "The Psychic World of Walter Reed", stating that the RZA and many other key Wu-Tang Clan members will feature on there, including the Four Horsemen.

paragraph: After several delays, "The Psychic World of Walter Reed" was released on February 25, 2013. On March 11, 2013 Priest was hosting the Digital Dynasty 24, after already hosting Digital Dynasty 15.5.

paragraph: Killah Priest has mentioned a number of projects he's been working on, including "The Untold Story of Walter Reed Pt. 2", "Castle Hop" (both produced by DJ Woool), "Natural Born Killers" with Ghostface Killah and "Planet of the Gods" (produced by Dutch producer team Godz Wrath, who worked with Priest several times already). In April 2014, he said he had postponed "The Untold Story of Walter Reed Pt. 2", and was finishing up "Planet of the Gods", which was released on June 4, 2015. He also appeared on four tracks on the critically acclaimed album, For The Future Of Hip-Hop featuring Killah Priest, Pugs Atomz and Awdazcate, produced by Bryan Ford and released May 2016. On February 27, 2017, exactly 8 years after the first part, he released The Untold Story of Walter Reed Pt. 2.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Guest appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 "Diary of a Madman" and "Graveyard Chamber" (Gravediggaz album "6 Feet Deep")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 "Where Ya At?" and "Where Ya At? (extended version)" (with Ice-T, Ice Cube, Chuck D, RZA, Kam, Mobb Deep, DA Smart, Insane, Shorty, & Smooth B) and "Wicked Ways" (with Sunz Of Man) (from "One Million Strong")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 "Greyhound, Pt. 2" (from the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion album "Experimental Remixes")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 "Snakes"; "Proteck Ya Neck II The Zoo"; & "Don't U Know" (from the Ol' Dirty Bastard album "")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 "4th Chamber" & "B.I.B.L.E. (Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth)" (from the GZA album "Liquid Swords")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 "America" (from the AIDS compilation album "America Is Dying Slowly")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 "Parle (Hip-Hop Remix)" (with Kavalier album "Nikera")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 "Repentance Day" (off the Gravediggaz album "The Pick, the Sickle and the Shovel")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 "Degree Zero" (from the DJ Spooky album "Riddim Warfare")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 "Abide By" (with other HRSMN members Canibus, Ras Kass, & Kurupt from a 12" single called "White Label")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 "No Superstar" (from the Bounty Killer album "Next Millennium")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 "Moanin"(By Antonio Chance, Killa Sin) and "Street Opera" (from the "One Step" UK single)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 "5 Boroughs" (with KRS-One, Buckshot, Cam'Ron, Redman, Run, Keith Murray, Prodigy, & Vigilante) ("The Corruptor" Soundtrack)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "4 Bars" (along with Canibus & Rose Cartel from Universal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "Real Nigga Livin" (with Fat Kat Kareem) (album unknown)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "Temple of the Mental" (from the Material album "Intonarumori")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "Beneath The Surface" Feat, RES (From GZA/Genius "Beneath The Surface")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "1112" Feat, Masta Killa & Njeri (From GZA/Genius "Beneath The Surface")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "Feel Like An Enemy" Feat, Hell Raizah, Trigga & Prodigal Sun (From GZA/Genius "Beneath The Surface")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "From Then Till Now" (From the movie "")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 "Horsementality" (from the Canibus album "2000 B.C.")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 "Im a Horseman (Promo)" (on Tim Westwood's "Radio 1 Rap Show" with HRSMN members Canibus & Ras Kass)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "Bread of Life" (from the Cappadonna album "The Yin and the Yang")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "Catechism" (with DJ Spooky off the "Wu-Chronicles, Chapter 2")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "In Here" (from the Guru album "Baldhead Slick & Da Click")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "Catechism Part 2" (with DJ Spooky)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "Out Tha Spot” (with Kurupt) (Released: 2002 (Unknown))

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "No Chaser" (with Raze, Hot Rod, & Fokis) (also released in 2003 by Raze on "Leavin Empty Shells")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Masters Degree" (with Block McCloud, Jean Grae, & Pumpkinhead on album "Uncle Howie")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Ain't No Way" ((with the HRSMN) off the unreleased album "Catch Me If You Can")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Never Imagined" (with Main Flow & Master Foul, off the album "Hip-Hopulation")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Chains" (with Masta Killa) (from R.A. The Rugged Man album "Die, Rugged Man, Die")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Secret Rivals" (from the Masta Killa album "No Said Date")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Saviorself" (from the Jedi Mind Tricks album "Legacy of Blood")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "Champions" (with Soulstice) and "Wannabattle Tactics" (with Buckshot & Donte) (from Main Flow album "Notebook Assassins")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "Horsemen" (by Pak-Man and the HRSMN off the Pak-Man album "Chow Time")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "The Saints" (with Nas) (From the Dirty Harry mixtape "The Warriors")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "The 10 Plagues" (by Socalled off the Socalled album "The Socalled Seder")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "Testimony" (with and Remedy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "Beastin" (from the Chino XL album "Poison Pen")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "Constant Dreams" (from The UNDC album "Closed captioned")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 "Pagan Helmets" (from Neurologists album "As The Dark Settles")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Awaiting The Hour" (From The Ill Bill mixtape "Black Metal")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Divine Sacred" (from Lightborn album ""The Psychology of Fire"")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Shall I Continue" (from Gumz album "From Fetus to Genius...")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "In The Name Of Allah" (from the Cilvaringz album "I")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Liquid Wordz" (from the Canibus album "For Whom the Beat Tolls")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Taarruz Basladi" (from the "Ako-Akonomi" album)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Build" (from the Contribution X album "Cobra Of The North")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Law & Order" (from the iCON the Mic King & Chum album "Mike and the Fatman")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Picture of Selassie I (Remix)" (from the Picture of Selassie album by Khari Kill Feat. Jah Bami)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Galaxies" (from the Praxis album "Profanation (Preparation for a Coming Darkness)")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Eat Ya Food" (from the Brooklyn Zu album "Chamber #9, Verse 32")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Bloody Moon" (from VoodooCore {Shaka Amazulu The 7th & Wasabifunk})

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "One Day" (From Endemic (Terminal Illness) ft. Killah Priest & Timbo King)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Theory Of Dominance" (with Corown Da Sensei/Da Shogunz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Se7en" (With Shaka Amazulu The 7th ft. Timbo King)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Walking The Line" (with Annakin Slayd from the album "Stalwart Empire")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Immaculate for the Babylon A.D. Film" (With Michael Arkangelo and Shakura Holiday Prod by RZA and Shavo (Achozen))

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Babylon Beast" (from the Heavyweight Dub Champion album "Rise of the Champion Nation")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Where I Come From (Remix)" (with Tha Advocate, Willy Northpole, Hussein Fatal, Stat Quo, DoItAll, Big Lou, Sha Stimuli, Mr. probz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "God is Love" (from the U-God album "Dopium")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Memoir Of A Gravedigga" (from Shaka Amazulu The 7th [Black Stone of Mecca album] ft. 9th Prince, Warcloud, Frukwan, and Shabazz The Disciple)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Murder" (with Chino XL & Sean Price, off the DJ-JS1 album "Ground Original 2- No Sellout")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Sovereign Skies" (From Kdb & St. Peter album "Within The Solace"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Soul Purpose" (from Dusty Philharmonics album "The Audiotopsy", Unexpected Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Purified Thoughts" feat GZA/Genius (From Ghostface Killah Apollo Kids)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Wu Crime" feat GZA/Genius (from Raekwon Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Picture Perfect" Tragic Allies feat. Killah Priest (from Tragic Allies debut album The Tree of Knowledge of Good & Evil)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Emerald Cypher" Canibus Feat. Killah Priest, Born Sun, K-Rino (Lyrical Law)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "B.E.N." feat. Killah Priest (from Raise the Bridges album "Beauty in the Trenches")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 "Among Us" (from the DUS album "Ambassadors")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "Mysteries" with Tragic Allies (from Flip album "Reflections")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "Lonely" with Judah Priest and Cappadonna (from Judah Priest single "Lonely")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "MoonRockin" Reverie Feat. Kurupt & Killah Priest

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "Madd Theories" Judah Priest Featuring Killah Priest

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "For The Future Of Hip-Hop feat. Killah Priest, Pugs Atomz & Awdazcate" by Bryan Ford

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "The Orchard feat. Killah Priest" by Jmega the God & Corto Maltez

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview on DUBCNN

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uncensored Interview on Conspiracy Radio

alias:
Walter Reed
Priest

description: American rapper

wikidata_label: Killah Priest

wikipedia_title: Killah Priest


text: tank

text: Chinese military had suppressed

text: Tiananmen Square protests

text: Tiananmen Square

text: Chang'an Avenue

text: Tiananmen protests

text: Type 59

text: Time

text: New York Times

text: nonviolent action

text: Charlie Cole

text: Newsweek

text: PSB

text: Jan Wong

text: The Globe and Mail

text: Time

text: Time

text: Sunday Express

text: People's Liberation Army

text: Communist Party of China

text: Information Center for Human Rights

text: Bruce Herschensohn

text: President

text: Richard Nixon

text: executed

text: firing squad

text: Jan Wong

text: Taiwan

text: National Palace Museum

text: Yonhap news agency

text: South Korea

text: Chinese government

text: Barbara Walters

text: CPC General Secretary

text: Jiang Zemin

text: Mike Wallace

text: Jiang Zemin

text: PBS

text: censored in China

text: Frontline

text: Time

text: Life

text: Stuart Franklin

text: Charlie Cole

text: Jeff Widener

text: Associated Press

text: Beijing Hotel

text: Nikon FE2

text: 400mm 5.6 ED-IF lens

text: Pulitzer prize

text: Newsweek

text: PSB

text: World Press Photo

text: 100 Photographs That Changed the World

text: Reuters

text: public security

text: Australian Broadcasting Corporation

text: Willie Phua

text: CNN

text: NBC

text: Skinny Puppy

text: Tin Omen

text: Rabies

text: Refuse/Resist

text: Sepultura

text: Nevermore

text: Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young

text: Looking Forward

text: Tom Clancy

text: The Bear and the Dragon

text: Club Foot

text: Kasabian

text: Lucy Kirkwood

text: Chimerica

text: Sina Weibo

text: June 4

text: photoshopped

text: rubber ducks

text: Twitter

text: Florentijn Hofman

text: "Rubber Duck"

text: Victoria Harbour

text: La quimera del Hombre Tanque

text: Leica Camera

text: Sina Weibo

text: Chinese democracy movement

text: List of peace activists

text: August Landmesser

text: Andrew J. Nathan

text: Perry Link

text: Orville Schell

text: Foreign Affairs

text: Time 100: The Unknown Rebel

text: The photos that defined a massacre

categories: 1989 works,Chinese dissidents,Associated Press,Possibly living people,1989 Tiananmen Square protests,Unidentified people,1989 in art,Color photographs,1989 Tiananmen Square protesters,Photography in China,People notable for being the subject of a specific photograph

paragraph: Tank Man

paragraph: Tank Man (also known as the Unknown Protester or Unknown Rebel) is the nickname of an unidentified Chinese man who stood in front of a column of tanks leaving Tiananmen Square on June 5, 1989, the morning after the Chinese military had suppressed the Tiananmen Square protests by force. As the lead tank maneuvered to pass by the man, he repeatedly shifted his position in order to obstruct the tank's attempted path around him. The incident was filmed and smuggled out to a worldwide audience. Internationally, it is considered one of the most iconic images of all time. Inside China, the image and the events leading up are subject to heavy state censorship.

paragraph: There is no reliable information about the identity or fate of the man; the story of what happened to the tank crew is also unknown. At least one witness has stated that "Tank Man" was not the only person who had opposed the tanks during the protest. Shao Jiang, who was a student leader, said: "I witnessed a lot of the people standing up, blocking the tanks." Tank Man is unique in that he is the only one who was photographed and recorded on video.

paragraph: Section::::Incident.

paragraph: The incident took place at the northeast edge of Tiananmen Square, along Chang'an Avenue, on June 5, 1989, one day after the Chinese government's violent crackdown on the Tiananmen protests. The man stood in the middle of the wide avenue, directly in the path of a column of approaching Type 59 tanks. Stuart Franklin, who was on assignment for "Time" magazine, told the "New York Times," "At some point, shots were fired and the tanks carried on down the road toward us, leaving Tiananmen Square behind, until blocked by a lone protester." He wore a white shirt and black trousers, and he held two shopping bags. As the tanks came to a stop, the man gestured towards the tanks with one of the bags. In response, the lead tank attempted to drive around the man, but the man repeatedly stepped into the path of the tank in a show of nonviolent action. After repeatedly attempting to go around rather than crush the man, the lead tank stopped its engines, and the armored vehicles behind it seemed to follow suit. There was a short pause with the man and the tanks having reached a quiet, still impasse.

paragraph: Having successfully brought the column to a halt, the man climbed onto the hull of the buttoned-up lead tank and, after briefly stopping at the driver's hatch, appeared in video footage of the incident to call into various ports in the tank's turret. He then climbed atop the turret and seemed to have a short conversation with a crew member at the gunner's hatch. After ending the conversation, the man descended from the tank. The tank commander briefly emerged from his hatch, and the tanks restarted their engines, ready to continue on. At that point, the man, who was still standing within a meter or two from the side of the lead tank, leapt in front of the vehicle once again and quickly re-established the man–tank standoff.

paragraph: Video footage shows two figures in blue pulling the man away and disappearing with him into a nearby crowd; the tanks continued on their way. Eyewitnesses are unsure who pulled him aside. Charlie Cole, who was there for "Newsweek", said it was the Chinese government PSB (the police), while Jan Wong, who was there for "The Globe and Mail", thought that the men who pulled him away were concerned bystanders. In April 1998, "Time" included the "Unknown Rebel" in a feature titled "". In November 2016, "Time" included Jeff Widener's photograph in "Time 100: The Most Influential Images of All Time".

paragraph: Section::::Identity and fate.

paragraph: Little is publicly known of the man's identity or that of the commander of the lead tank. Shortly after the incident, the British tabloid "Sunday Express" named him as Wang Weilin (), a 19-year-old student who was later charged with "political hooliganism" and "attempting to subvert members of the People's Liberation Army." However, this claim has been rejected by internal Communist Party of China documents, which reported that they could not find the man, according to the Hong Kong-based Information Center for Human Rights. One party member was quoted as saying, "We can't find him. We got his name from journalists. We have checked through computers but can't find him among the dead or among those in prison." Numerous theories have sprung up as to the man's identity and current whereabouts.

paragraph: There are several conflicting stories about what happened to him after the demonstration. In a speech to the President's Club in 1999, Bruce Herschensohn, former deputy special assistant to President Richard Nixon, reported that he was executed 14 days later; other sources say he was executed by firing squad a few months after the Tiananmen Square protests. In "", Jan Wong writes that she believes from her interactions with the government press that they have "no idea who he was either" and that he is still alive somewhere on the mainland. Another theory is that he escaped to Taiwan and remains employed there as an archaeologist in the National Palace Museum. This was first reported by the Yonhap news agency in South Korea.

paragraph: The Chinese government has made few statements about the incident or the people involved. In a 1990 interview with Barbara Walters, then-CPC General Secretary Jiang Zemin was asked what became of the man. Jiang first stated (through an interpreter), "I can't confirm whether this young man you mentioned was arrested or not," and then replied in English, "I think never killed". The government also argued that the incident evidenced the "humanity" of the country's military.

paragraph: In a 2000 interview with Mike Wallace, Jiang Zemin said, "He was never arrested." He then stated, "I don't know where he is now." He also emphasized that the tank stopped and did not run the young man down.

paragraph: Section::::International notability and censorship.

paragraph: A PBS interview of six experts noted that the memory of the Tiananmen Square protests appears to have faded in China, especially among younger Chinese people, due to government censorship. Images of the protest on the Internet have been censored in China. When undergraduate students at Peking University, which was at the center of the incident, were shown copies of the iconic photograph 16 years afterwards, they were "genuinely mystified". One of the students said that the image was "artwork". It is noted in the documentary "Frontline: The Tank Man" that he whispered to the student next to him "89", which led the interviewer to surmise that the student may have concealed his knowledge of the event.

paragraph: It has been suggested that the "Unknown Rebel", if still alive, never made himself known as he is unaware of his international recognition due to Chinese media suppression of events relating to government protest.

paragraph: At and after the events in the square, the PSB treated members of the international press roughly, confiscating and destroying all the film they could find, and forced the signing of confessions to offences such as photography during martial law, punishable by long imprisonment.

paragraph: Section::::Photographic versions.

paragraph: Five photographers (one of whom did not share his material for 20 years) managed to capture the event on film that was later confiscated by the PSB. On June 4, 2009, the fifth photographer released an image of the scene taken from ground level.

paragraph: The widest coverage of the event and one of the best-known photographs of the event appearing in both "Time" and "Life" magazines, was documented by Stuart Franklin. He was on the same balcony as Charlie Cole, and his roll of film was smuggled out of the country by a French student, concealed in a box of tea.

paragraph: The most-used photograph of the event was taken by Jeff Widener of the Associated Press, from a sixth-floor balcony of the Beijing Hotel, about half a mile (800 meters) away from the scene. Widener was injured and suffering from the flu. The image was taken using a Nikon FE2 camera through a Nikkor 400mm 5.6 ED-IF lens and TC-301 teleconverter. With Widener running out of film, a friend (by the name of Kirk) hastily obtained a roll of Fuji 100 ASA color negative film, allowing him to make the shot. Though he was concerned that his shots were no good, his image was syndicated to many newspapers around the world and was said to have appeared on the front page of all European papers. He was also nominated for the Pulitzer prize but did not win. Nevertheless, his photograph has widely been known as one of the most iconic photographs of all time.

paragraph: Charlie Cole, working for "Newsweek" and on the same balcony as Stuart Franklin, hid his roll of film containing Tank Man in a Beijing Hotel toilet, sacrificing an unused roll of film and undeveloped images of wounded protesters after the PSB raided his room, destroyed the two aforementioned rolls of film and forced him to sign a confession to photography during martial law, an imprisonable offence. Cole was able to retrieve the roll and have it sent to "Newsweek". He was awarded the 1990 World Press Photo of the Year and the picture was featured in "Life" "100 Photographs That Changed the World" in 2003.

paragraph: On June 4, 2009, in connection with the 20th anniversary of the protests, Associated Press reporter, Terril Jones, revealed a photo he had taken showing the Tank Man from ground level, a different angle from all of the other known photos of the Tank Man. Jones wrote that he was not aware of what he had captured until a month later when printing his photos.

paragraph: Arthur Tsang Hin Wah of Reuters took several shots from room 1111 of the Beijing Hotel, but only the shot of Tank Man climbing the tank was chosen. It was not until several hours later that the photo of the man standing in front of the tank was finally chosen. When the staff noticed Widener's work, they re-checked Tsang's negative to see if it was of the same moment as Widener's. On March 20, 2013, in an interview by the Hong Kong Press Photographers Association (HKPPA), Tsang told the story and added further detail. He told HKPPA that on the night of June 3, 1989, he was beaten by students while taking photos and was bleeding. A "foreign" photographer accompanying him suddenly said, "I am not gonna die for your country," and left. Tsang returned to the hotel. When he decided to go out again, the public security stopped him, so he stayed in his room, stood next to the window and eventually witnessed the Tank Man and took several shots of the event.

paragraph: In addition to the photography, video footage of the scene was recorded and transmitted across the globe. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) cameraman Willie Phua, CNN cameraman Jonathan Schaer and NBC cameraman Tony Wasserman appear to be the only television cameramen who captured the scene. ABC correspondents Max Uechtritz and Peter Cave were the journalists reporting from the balcony.

paragraph: After seeing Chinese tanks crush vehicles and people on June 3, many journalists and photographers believed the protests had already reached their peak, causing many to leave the area before the "tank man" incident occurred.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy recorded and released song Tin Omen as a reference to the protests. In late 1989, it was released on their album Rabies with lyrics noting "non violent rebellion", "tanks arrive", "tell the world what's going on" and "keep the camera alive".

paragraph: The 1994 music video for "Refuse/Resist" by the thrash/death metal band Sepultura features brief footage of the Tank Man.

paragraph: The Tank Man is the subject of the song "The Tiananmen Man" (1996) by the American heavy metal band Nevermore.

paragraph: In the 1999 Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young song "Stand and Be Counted", from the album Looking Forward, David Crosby sings of his gratitude to Tank Man, whose photograph he has had framed and mounted.

paragraph: In Tom Clancy's 2000 novel "The Bear and the Dragon", the Chinese authorities apprehend and execute Tank Man, then bill the surviving family for the cost of the pistol round expended to shoot him in the back of the head.

paragraph: A similar scene is depicted in the music video for "Club Foot" (2004) by the English rock band Kasabian.

paragraph: A fictionalized version of the fates of both the Tank Man and a soldier in the tank is told in Lucy Kirkwood's 2013 play "Chimerica", which premiered at the Almeida Theatre from May 20, 2013 to July 6, 2013..

paragraph: On June 4, 2013, Sina Weibo, China's most popular microblog, blocked terms whose English translations are "today", "tonight", "June 4", and "big yellow duck". If these were searched for, a message appeared stating that, in accordance with relevant laws, statutes, and policies, the results of the search could not be shown. The censorship occurred because a photoshopped version of Tank Man, in which rubber ducks replaced the tanks, had been circulating around Twitter—a reference to Florentijn Hofman's "Rubber Duck" sculpture, which at that time was floating in Hong Kong's Victoria Harbour.

paragraph: A 2017 novel published by Random House Mondadori, La quimera del Hombre Tanque fictionalizes a second, hypothetical encounter between the two protagonists of the iconic photo of 1989. Aiming at social reconciliation, a group of Chinese leaders tries to broadcast on TV, a quarter of a century after the incident, a peaceful encounter between Tank Man and the tank commander.

paragraph: In April 2019 Leica Camera released an advert depicting photographers in intense political climates, including 1989 China. The five minute short ends with a photographer shooting from a hotel window, the Tank Man image reflected in his lens, despite the fact that the original photograph was taken with a Nikon camera. Following censorship of the Leica brand on Sina Weibo, Leica revoked the advert and sought to distance themselves from it.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese democracy movement

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the People's Republic of China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Human rights in the People's Republic of China

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of peace activists

paragraph: BULLET::::- August Landmesser

paragraph: BULLET::::- 30th anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "June Fourth: The True Story, Tian'anmen Papers/Zhongguo Liusi Zhenxiang Volumes 1–2 (Chinese edition)", Zhang Liang, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Red China Blues: My Long March from Mao to Now", Jan Wong, Doubleday, 1997, trade paperback, 416 pages, (Contains, besides extensive autobiographical material, an eyewitness account of the Tiananmen crackdown and the basis for an estimate of the number of casualties.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tiananmen Papers, The Chinese Leadership's Decision to Use Force Against their Own People—In their Own Words", Compiled by Zhang Liang, Edited by Andrew J. Nathan and Perry Link, with an afterword by Orville Schell, PublicAffairs, New York, 2001, hardback, 514 pages, (An extensive review and synopsis of "The Tiananmen" papers in the journal Foreign Affairs may be found at Review and synopsis in the journal "Foreign Affairs".)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- China still gets annoyed with images showing the famous Tiananmen Square ‘Tank Man,’ 30 years after he became a symbol of the government’s brutality

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raw video of the Tank Man incident (CNN on YouTube)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Behind the scenes: Tank Man of Tiananmen" ("New York Times"), with link to video of the incident.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Stuart Franklin photo at Life magazine 100 photos that changed the world.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Professor disclosed heroic Wang Weilin still in world, dajiyuan.com. Retrieved June 1, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- PBS "Frontline" documentary "The Tank Man", 2006, Program viewable online. Last Retrieved July 29, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Time 100: The Unknown Rebel, "Time", 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- The photos that defined a massacre, "BBC"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 30 Years After Tiananmen, ‘Tank Man’ Remains an Icon and a Mystery, "The New York Times"

alias:
Unknown Rebel
Wang Weilin

description: anonymous man who stood in front of a column of Chinese tanks during the Tiananmen Square protests

enwikiquote_title: Tank Man

wikidata_label: Tank Man

wikipedia_title: Tank Man


text:
dancer
choreographer
Liberec
Dresden
Ballet
Mary Wigman
Rudolf Laban
Bern
Bern
German-American
Tchaikovsky
The Nutcracker
Baryshnikov
Ruth Page
modern dancer
American
ballerina
Chicago
pantomime
ballet
modern dancer

categories: 20th-century German dancers,German male dancers,Ballet choreographers,1902 births,People from Liberec,1968 deaths,German choreographers

paragraph: Harald Kreutzberg

paragraph: Harald Kreutzberg (11 December 1902 – 25 April 1968) was a German dancer and choreographer.

paragraph: Kreutzberg was born at Reichenberg/Liberec. Trained at the Dresden Ballet School, he also studied dance with Mary Wigman and Rudolf Laban.

paragraph: Beginning in 1927 he appeared in plays directed by Max Reinhardt and in 1929 went with Reinhardt to New York City. Kreutzberg then toured the U.S., Canada, and Europe with the dancer Yvonne Georgi.

paragraph: An important figure of the German modern dance, he founded a school in Bern in 1955. Its ballets combined the drama and humor, with an emphasis on inventive scenes. He died in Bern.

paragraph: Kreutzberg made a rare appearance on television in the 1960s, when he was featured in the dual roles of Drosselmeyer and the Snow King, in a heavily abridged German-American co-production of Tchaikovsky's "The Nutcracker". It was shown in the U.S. in 1965 by CBS, and repeated several times afterward, but eventually superseded by the nearly full-length Baryshnikov version in 1977.

paragraph: In 1932–1936, Kreutzberg, along with his partner Ruth Page, created a new and unlikely partnership. Kreutzberg was a German modern dancer, while Page was an American ballerina. They first performed together on 25 February 1933 in Chicago. This partnership helped Kreutzberg perform his solo acts in other venues, which is what people really enjoyed watching him do. Kreutzberg’s performances were described as including everything from strong actions to flowing movements and even some pantomime. His jumps were very energetic and strong, but yet his body movements were very soft and fluttery. He was known as not just a talented ballet and modern dancer, but as an entertainer.

description: German dancer and choreogrpaher

wikidata_label: Harald Kreutzberg

wikipedia_title: Harald Kreutzberg


href: Mahavira Jain Tirthankara Kshatriya Ikshvaku%20dynasty Basarh Bihar Brahmin Trishala

text:
Mahavira
Jain
Tirthankara
Kshatriya
Ikshvaku dynasty
Basarh
Bihar
Brahmin
Trishala

paragraph: Siddhartha of Kundagrama

paragraph: Siddartha () was the father of Mahavira, the 24th and last Jain Tirthankara. He was a Kshatriya from Ikshvaku dynasty and the ruler of the Nata, or Jnatri clan in Kshatriyakundagrama, a suburb of Vaishali (Basarh in modern-day Bihar). Some sources believe his wife to have been Devananda, a Brahmin, while other traditional sources name his wife as the Kshatriya, Trishala (also known as Videhadinna or Priyakarni).

paragraph: The parents of Tirthankaras are worshipped among Jains.

description: Father of Mahavira

wikidata_label: Siddhartha

wikipedia_title: Siddhartha of Kundagrama


text: Royal Society of Arts

text: King's College London

text: INSA

text: Al Jazeera Inside Story

text: Sky News

text: Faculty profile

text: Personal website

categories: Alumni of King's College London,Living people,Academics of King's College London,1975 births

paragraph: Mischa Dohler

paragraph: Mischa Dohler is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA) and a Distinguished Member of Harvard Square Leaders Excellence. He is Professor in Wireless Communications at King's College London, where he directs the Centre for Telecommunications Research.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: He was CTO Worldsensing .

paragraph: Section::::Books and Monographs.

paragraph: Dohler has published five books and monographs, of which two were translated into Mandarin.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, September 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA), June 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor Honoris Causa (Ph.D. DHC), INSA, France, June 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- IEEE Fellow for “contributions to machine-to-machine communications”, 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nomination to “Media Personality of the Year” at King's College London, 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best Paper Award, IEEE Globecom 2014, for pioneering work on 5G systems (A paper written with Hisham Elshaer, Federico Boccardi, Ralf Irmer).

paragraph: BULLET::::- IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, Communications Society, 2012–2013 & 2014–2015

paragraph: Section::::Media and press.

paragraph: Dohler has had press coverage on a variety of topics related to technology and innovation.

paragraph: He has been a frequent guest speaker at technology conferences in Europe, such as the International Conference on Communications, TEDx London, Wired Conference in London and others.

paragraph: He was also a guest on the shows such as Al Jazeera Inside Story, "Ian King Live" on Sky News TV-channel, Start-Ups

paragraph: His most important coverage is listed below:

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Internet of Things and Sustainable Energy” on CNBC (World) The Business Class, 21 November 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “What will stop these self-driving lorries colliding?,” BBC, 3 October 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Internet de las habilidades, unatecnología para humanizar,” El Espectador, Colombia, 6 September 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Benefits of 5G innovation may outweigh costs for NHS, says top surgeon,” Computer Weekly, 31 May 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Could Surgeons Operate Using the Internet?,” Voice of America (200m audience per week), 1 April 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “400,000 extra phone masts needed to bring 5g network to rural Britain,” The Telegraph, 31 March 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Could ‘Internet of Skills’ Be Next Technological Leap?,” Voice of America (200m audience per week), 24 March 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “I want to hear you breathing: A conversation with Mischa Dohler,” The Theatre Times, 4 March 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Meet the pioneers keeping hackers out of your home, phone and car,” WIRED, 21 February 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Sky Views: My frustration with an internet we still can’t touch,” Sky News, 5 October 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Are we prepared for 5G and Smart Cities?,” Sky News Business Program, 19 September 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Launch of Amazon Echo – Implications for Privacy, Internet of Things and Home Automation,” on BBC World GMT, 14 September 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Why do mobile phone batteries catch fire?,” on Sky NewsTech Show, 9 September 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “A Step Closer to 5G Technology That Evokes Connected Cars, Virtual Surgery,”ABC News, 14 July 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “The tiny sensors transforming our lives” on CNBC online, 19 May 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “The tech saving lives in Africa” on CNBC online, 12 May 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Who is protecting the internet of things from cyberattacks?” on Wired, 4 May 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “How safe is your personal information on the internet?” on Al Jazeera Inside Story, 28 April 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Banks and Cyber Crime” on Sky Business News, 24 March 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Six Ways to avoid missing plane” on BBC Future, Chinese Edition, 1 March 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Who will lead the push to a smarter way of life in cities?” in The Guardian, 3 August 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “The encouraging entrepreneurial environment in China” on China Daily, April 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Black box technology of GermanWing crash” on Sky News, March 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Mobile Industry’s 5G Revolution Heralds the Rise of the Machines,” Bloomberg, February 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “UK/US cyber security agreement” on Sky News, London Radio, Feb 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Is car technology creating stupid drivers?” on BBC Future, November 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “The Smart City Business” on La Vanguardia, September 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “The Internet of Things” on BBC Radio 5, 29 June 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Can a city ever be traffic jam-free?” on BBC Future, June 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Satellite data of MH370 – mystery?” on Sky News, May 2014.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faculty profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal website

wikidata_label: Mischa Dohler

wikipedia_title: Mischa Dohler


text:
Swedish
Jarryd James
Shout Out Louds
P3
Saint
Hello Saferide
vocals
guitar

paragraph: HYENA

paragraph: HYENA (also known as Andreas Söderlund) is a gold record-selling Swedish producer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist.

paragraph: HYENA's track record contains acts such as Elias (Swedish Grammy nominated), Erik Rapp, Grace Carter, Jarryd James, Shout Out Louds, Janice (Swedish Grammy nominated) (who he had one of the most played Swedish songs with on P3 during 2016), and Saint to name a few. He has also produced Hello Saferide's debut album, "Introducing Hello Saferide".

paragraph: Andreas (vocals, guitar) was also a member of Niccokick, a guitar-driven Swedish indie rock group, formed 2001 in Båstad, Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Niccokick.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Niccokick.:Album.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Good Times We Share Were They So Bad (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Awake From the Dead, My Dear Best Friend (2004)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Niccokick.:Extended Play (EP).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turn 27 (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Run! Run! Run! (2004)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Niccokick.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Love & neon lights (2004)

wikidata_label: HYENA

wikipedia_title: HYENA


text: Habsburg Netherlands

text: Gregorian calendar

text: Liber Pontificalis

text: Nijmegen

text: Society of Jesus

text: University of Mainz

text: Available on Google Books

text: Available on Google Books

text: Available on Google Books

text: Jean Bogard

text: Cornelius Thielmans

text: Willem Lesteens

text: Available on Google Books

text: Available on Google Books

text: Anastasius Bibliothecarius

text: Liber Pontificalis

text: Available on Google Books

text: Johannes Trithemius

text: Available on Google Books

text: Peter of Blois

text: Available on Google Books

categories: Dutch Jesuits,1611 deaths,1547 births,University of Mainz alumni,People from Nijmegen

paragraph: Joannes Busaeus

paragraph: Joannes Busaeus or Johannes Busius (1547–1611), also known as Jan Buys (Dutch) and Jean Busée (French), was a Catholic theologian from the Habsburg Netherlands who wrote in defence of the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in Germany, and produced the first printed edition of the "Liber Pontificalis".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Busaeus was born in Nijmegen on 14 April 1547. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1563. He was a student at the University of Mainz in the 1560s, and continued to teach Theology there until his death. He died in Mainz on 30 June 1611.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- As author

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pro calendario gregoriano disputatio apologetica" (Mainz, Gaspar Behem, 1585) – Available on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rosarii hyperapistes, hoc est, Depulsio levissimarum cavillationum et nugarum, quibus calvinianae theologiae studiosus nescio quis apodixin theologicam ritu precandi rosarium B. Virg. Mariae" (Würzburg, Henricus Aquensis, 1588) – Available on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enchiridion piarum meditationum" (Mainz, Balthasar Lipp, 1606) – Available on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manuel contenant des dévotes méditations" (Douai, Jean Bogard, 1612)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Den schadt der meditatien", translated by Cornelius Thielmans (Antwerp, Willem Lesteens, 1628)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Παναριον, hoc est, Arca medica" (Mainz, Johannes Albinus, 1608) – Available on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Viridarium christianarum virtutum" (Mainz, Johannes Albinus, 1610) – Available on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Statibus hominum" (Mainz, 1613). Published posthumously. 1614 Lyon edition available on Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- As editor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anastasius Bibliothecarius (attrib.), "Historia de vitis Romanorum Pontificum" (Mainz, Johannes Albinus, 1602). The first printed edition of the "Liber Pontificalis". Available on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johannes Trithemius, "Opera pia et spiritualia" (Mainz, Johannes Albinus, 1604) – Available on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paralipomena opusculorum" (Mainz, Balthasar Lipp, 1605). A compilation containing various works by Peter of Blois and Johannes Trithemius. Available on Google Books

wikidata_label: Jean Buys

wikipedia_title: Joannes Busaeus


text: Versailles

text: André Danican Philidor

text: Louis XV

text: Louis XV

text: Duke of Chartres

text: Duke of Bourbon

text: French Revolution

text: Paris Conservatory

text: Louis XV

text: Delalande

text: Bernier

text: Duke of Chartres

text: Duke of Bourbon

text: Concert Spirituel

text: Marc-Antoine Désaugiers

text: Mancini

text: Marie Antoinette

text: Petit Trianon

text: Louis XVI

text: Pierre de La Garde

text: French Revolution

text: Paris Conservatory

text: Alexandre Choron

text: Masonic

text: Grand Orient de France

text: Concert de la Loge Olympique

text: romance

text: André Danican Philidor

text: Louis Adam

text: Philip, Duke of Parma

text: maître de chapelle

text: Comédie-Italienne

text: Montlandon

text: Concert Spirituel

text: Église Saint-Sulpice

text: Louis-Barthélémy Pradher

text: Thémistocle

categories: 1819 deaths,French tenors,1740 births,Voice teachers,19th-century French composers,18th-century French composers

paragraph: Louis-Augustin Richer

paragraph: Louis-Augustin Richer (26 July 1740 – 29 April 1819) was a French classical singer, singing professor and composer. He was a member of a family of musicians from Versailles who also had close ties to the family of André Danican Philidor. He gained prominence as a singer at the courts of Louis XV and Louis XV and also served as "maître de musique" (official music teacher) for the courts of the Duke of Chartres and the Duke of Bourbon. After the abolition of the monarchy during the French Revolution, Richer became a professor at the Paris Conservatory. He died in Paris at the age of 78.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Louis-Augustin Richer was born in Versailles where both his parents, André François-Joseph Richer and Marie Élisabeth "née" Leroy, were singers in the service of Louis XV. André Richer (1712–1757) began his musical training under Delalande and Bernier when he was a page in the "Musique du roi", the King's personal troupe of musicians. He was also a composer and later became "maître de musique" for the courts of the Duke of Chartres and the Duke of Bourbon. André and Élisabeth had numerous children. Five of those who survived to adulthood also became musicians—Pierre-Joseph, Antoine, Louis-Augustin, Élisabeth, and Sylvestre.

paragraph: The early career of Louis-Augustin, the most prominent of the six siblings, closely resembled that of his father. He was a page of the "Musique du roi" from 1748 to 1756 and made his debut as a singer at the Concert Spirituel in 1752 at the age of 11. On the death of his father Andre in 1757, Richer succeeded him as "maître de musique" to the dukes of Chartres and Bourbon. Richer was admired for the beauty of his voice and the tastefulness of his singing, first as a boy soprano and later as a tenor. In 1776 he was the dedicatee of Marc-Antoine Désaugiers's "L'Art du chant figuré" (his translation of Mancini's treatise on singing).

paragraph: Richer was also a frequent singer in Marie Antoinette's private concerts in the Petit Trianon. In 1780 he was appointed as the future "maître de musique" to the children of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, a role which he assumed on the death of his predecessor Pierre de La Garde in the midst of the French Revolution. The role proved to be short-lived. Richer's career at the court ended with the arrest of Louis XVI on 13 August 1792 and the official abolition of the monarchy a month later. Deprived not only of his employment but also of his pensions for service to Louis XV, Louis XVI, and the dukes of Chartres and Bourbon, he became a professor of singing at the newly-established Paris Conservatory. Alexandre Choron described him in 1811 as both a charming man and good musician and living in Paris surrounded by his family and friends.

paragraph: During his time at the court of Louis XVI in the 1780s Richer had been a member of the Masonic organization Grand Orient de France and was an associate of the Concert de la Loge Olympique, a concert society and orchestra which had been founded by a group of Parisian Masons. He was also a member of the Société académique des enfants d'Apollon and served as its president from 1807 to 1808. As a composer, he published three collections of vocal pieces—romances, "chansonettes", and "cantailles".

paragraph: Richer died in Paris in 1819 at the age of 78.

paragraph: Section::::Richer's siblings.

paragraph: Richer and his siblings had close family ties with the composer André Danican Philidor. Their mother was a first cousin of Philador, and one of the siblings, Élisabeth, became Philidor's wife in 1760. As Philidor could neither play an instrument nor sing, Élisabeth and her brothers would sometimes rehearse his compositions for him so he could hear what they sounded like.

paragraph: The youngest of the siblings was Philémon-Pierre Richer (1747–after 1795). Little is known about his life, although he is mentioned in a letter written by Philidor on 21 March 1788 concerning the delivery of a piano for Louis Adam. Richer's siblings who became musicians were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre-Joseph Richer (1737–1760), a violinist who entered into the service of Philip, Duke of Parma in 1756. Ill health forced him to return to Paris in 1759. He died in Switzerland of tuberculosis at the age of 22.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antoine Richer (François-Antoine) (1739–1818), a violinist who entered into the service of the Duke of Parma in 1758 and rose to the position of the duke's "maître de chapelle". While in Parma he married Jeanne-Michelle Bouvier (1760–1841), the elder sister of the violinist and composer Marie-Joseph Bouvier who had been one of Antoine's students. Marie-Joseph was later admitted to the orchestra of the Comédie-Italienne on the recommendation of Philidor. In the mid-1790s, Antoine and Jeanne-Michelle settled in Montlandon where they rented a house belonging to Philidor's eldest son, André-Joseph-Heleine-Danican.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Élisabeth Richer (Angélique-Henriette-Élisabeth) (1741–1809), a singer and harpsichordist who performed at the Concert Spirituel. She married Philidor on 13 February 1760 at the Église Saint-Sulpice in Paris. The couple had six children, five sons and a daughter. Their daughter, Élisabeth (known as "Élyse"), was a singer and pianist and the only one of the Philidor children to become a musician. In 1799 she married the composer Louis-Barthélémy Pradher, who was ten years her junior.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sylvestre Richer (Charles-Sylvestre) (1743–after 1809), a singer and cellist in the service of Louis XVI. He later became an official in the Royal Treasury and eased the way for Philidor's son Louis-Victoire to obtain a position there. He was the dedicatee of the score for Philidor's opera "Thémistocle" which was published in 1786.

wikidata_label: Louis-Augustin Richer

wikipedia_title: Louis-Augustin Richer


text:
speed skater
1976 Winter Olympics

categories: Sportspeople from Almelo,Speed skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics,1952 births,Dutch female speed skaters,Olympic speed skaters of the Netherlands,Living people

paragraph: Christa Jaarsma

paragraph: Christina "Christa" Jaarsma (born 15 October 1952) is a retired speed skater from the Netherlands. She competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics in 500, 1000, 1500 and 3000 m and finished in 19th, 23rd, 16th and 20th place, respectively.

paragraph: Personal bests:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 500 m – 45.15 (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1000 m – 1:28.10 (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1500 m – 2:16.97 (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3000 m – 4:52.05 (1976)

description: speed skater

wikidata_label: Christa Jaarsma

wikipedia_title: Christa Jaarsma


text: Elizabeth Blount

text: Henry VIII, King of England

text: South Kyme

text: Elizabeth Blount

text: Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick

text: Edward VI, King of England

text: Sheriff Hutton Castle

text: taffeta

text: Anne of Cleves

text: Tattershall Castle

text: Harbottle Castle

text: Sir William Skipwith

categories: Barons in the Peerage of England,1540 deaths,16th-century English nobility,1520s births,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: George Tailboys, 2nd Baron Tailboys of Kyme

paragraph: George Tailboys (c. 1523 – c. 6 September 1540) was the eldest son of Elizabeth Blount and Gilbert Tailboys, 1st Baron Tailboys of Kyme. Through his mother he was the half brother of Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, who was the only illegitimate offspring acknowledged by Henry VIII, King of England.

paragraph: Section::::Birth.

paragraph: George's birth date is unknown, as is the date or year of his parent's marriage. On 25 March 1539, George was stated to have been sixteen years old. This would mean that he was born between April 1522 and March 1523. He was named George for his paternal grandfather Sir George Tailboys.

paragraph: Section::::Siblings.

paragraph: George, as the heir of his father, was the eldest surviving son. The evidence of Gilbert and Elizabeth’s children are obscure; they seem to have had five or six. In 1805 when the church of South Kyme, Lincolnshire, was being rebuilt, the vaults containing Gilbert's tomb were opened. Four lead coffins were found inside, below the monument erected by Elizabeth Blount: these contained a fully grown adult and three children. One of the coffins was opened by the workmen and they found it to contain a child aged around five or six. The body was well preserved and looked as if the child had only recently died. In one of the coffins, a body could be that of Robert Tailboys, 3rd Baron Tailboys of Kyme, who died in March 1542 aged about 14. George, who died at 16 or 17, was unlikely to have been buried with his father.

paragraph: The siblings who survived their father were George's elder sister was Elizabeth, and one known younger brother Robert, who succeeded him following his short life. On Robert's death the barony passed to their elder sister Elizabeth, who lived until the reign of Elizabeth I and became the wife of Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick.

paragraph: George’s mother remarried a few years after the death of her husband Gilbert. Her new husband was Edward Clinton or Fiennes, 1st Earl of Lincoln, 9th Baron Clinton, and through him George gained three half-sisters, Margaret, Catherine and Bridget.

paragraph: Section::::Henry FitzRoy.

paragraph: His elder half brother Henry FitzRoy was around four years older than him, and Richmond would only have his maternal brothers, as he would die before the birth of his royal half brother Edward VI, King of England. George seems to have built a friendship with his royal brother, suggesting that the two brothers were brought up together; perhaps when their mother would visit Richmond at Sheriff Hutton Castle, George would go too. George received royal hand-me-down's of Richmond's fine clothing. In the 1531 inventory of Richmond's possessions, his clothing was given to George. On 3 August 1533, on the orders of the Duke of Norfolk, Richmond's guardian, clothes including a gown of purple taffeta, edged with purple velvet and with buttons of gold decorated with roses were passed along to George. On the same day he also received a gown of blue tinsel, lined with black satin and edged with black velvet. Other garments included a doublet of gold. Richmond also thought of his maternal family in the last weeks of his life. In an inventory taken following his death, it was recorded that he had given his half-brother George more clothing and it had been delivered by Richmond's personal attendant and friend, George Cotton. Richmond died in July 1536 when George was around thirteen.

paragraph: Section::::Guardian.

paragraph: On 15 April 1530, George’s father Gilbert Tailbois died when George was about seven years of age. George’s wardship was a valuable commodity, and it was granted to William Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton who would become Lord High Admiral after the death of Richmond. Southampton took his ward with him to Calais, George being there on the 13 December at the reception of Anne of Cleves. Southampton was a childless man and seems to have been fond of his ward; when George died in September 1540 he wrote to Henry in a letter dated 6 September: "Thus having no other news to signify, but that your majesty hath lost a great treasure in my lord Tailbois, whom, if worldly goodness would have preserved, would to God, I had bestowed and spent all I have wonder your grace in this world to have him a life, for in my opinion a more toward and likely gentleman to have done your majesty service had ye not within your realm but the will of God must be fulfilled".

paragraph: Section::::Adolescence.

paragraph: In July 1536, when he was thirteen and in the same year as his brother Henry died, George took his seat in parliament for the first time as Lord Tailboys of Kyme. His mother did not hold his wardship though it seems he sometimes remained in her care. In February 1537 when George was about fourteen, he and his mother received a joint grant of the office of bailiff of the manor of Tattershall Castle, near South Kyme. They were also appointed as keepers of the great park and chaser there and other areas within the manorial estate. By the late 1530s George was granted more autonomy in his own affairs, with a report made to the king of the strategically important, but dilapidated, Harbottle Castle, recommending that George should either be compelled to repair the castle or that the king should take it into his own hands and pay the young lord compensation.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Since his wardship was in the hands of his guardian Southampton, it is doubtful that Elizabeth Blount played a role in arranging the match between her son and Margaret Skipwith. Furthermore, Elizabeth died at some point between February 1539 and January 1540 and probably never saw her second son marry. The bride was chosen to be Margaret Skipwith, a cousin of Southampton's, and the daughter of Sir William Skipwith, a Lincolnshire gentleman. Writing to Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle in January 1538, John Husee reports court gossip regarding George's future bride. "My lord of Wiltshire is again now in the court and very well entertained. The election lieth betwixt Mrs Mary Shelton and Mrs Mary Skipwith. I pray Jesu send such one as may be for his highness comfort and the wealth of the realm. Herein I doubt not but your lordship will keep his silence till the matter be surely known". Muriel St Clare Byrne, in her commentary in relation to this letter suggested that Henry was casting an appreciative eye on both ladies, evidently to make one of them either his mistress or perhaps, his wife. However, by 17 April 1539, Sir Thomas Heneage, an uncle of Margaret, wrote to Cromwell informing him that the King had given his consent to the match between young George and Margaret. John Husee wrote again to his master on 26 April 1539, that "It hath been shrewd me that Mrs Skipwith shall marry the Lord Tailbois. This is shall please your lordship to keep secret till you hear more". The reasons for secrecy, or even Lord Lisle’s interest in the match, is unclear, particularly as on 15 May 1539, Husee deemed it important enough to inform Lady Lisle that "the lord Tailbois is married" with no further comment.

paragraph: Only being 16 and not yet into his majority, an Act of Parliament was passed to put him in possession of his estates and enable him to settle a jointure on his wife. As a minor George had no control of his property, something that was recited by a private Act of a dower on his wife "at the humble suit, petition, and special instance of the said Earl [of Southampton], and also for the good and faithful service that the said Gilbert the late Lord Tailbois and his ancestors hath done unto his highness and his progenitors". It was an unusual act, closely resembling the one his father once had following his marriage to George's mother, Henry's discarded mistress. The King and Southampton had no need to relinquish control of George's property for another five years. It is therefore probable that Margaret Skipwith had been Henry’s mistress, and George was in a similar position to his father Gilbert.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: George did not long survive his marriage, dying, like his royal half-brother Henry, in his late teens, in September 1540. Their mother was most likely not alive at the time of his death. It has been speculated that George may have died as a result of consumption. Given that he had been well enough to travel to Calais at the end of 1539, his was not a long term illness.

description: English Baron


text:
speed skater
1984 Winter Olympics
KNSB Dutch Allround Championships
KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
European Youth Olympic Festival
Emmeloord

categories: People from Harderwijk,1959 births,Speed skaters at the 1984 Winter Olympics,Dutch female speed skaters,Olympic speed skaters of the Netherlands,Living people,Recipients of the Order of Orange-Nassau

paragraph: Thea Limbach

paragraph: Thecla Maria Catharina "Thea" Limbach (born 27 February 1959) is a retired speed skater from the Netherlands. She competed at the 1984 Winter Olympics in the 500, 1000, 1500 and 3000 m and finished in 27th, 21st, 9th and 13th place, respectively. She finished third in the KNSB Dutch Allround Championships in 1982, 1984 and 1985; in 1983 she was third in the KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships.

paragraph: Personal bests:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 500 m – 42.6 (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1000 m – 1:24.12 (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1500 m – 2:09.59 (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3000 m – 4:33.96 (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5000 m – 7:59.68 (1985)

paragraph: In the 2000s she became Chef de Mission of the Dutch teams at the European Youth Olympic Festival and Paralympic Games (2004 and 2008). She works at the Zuyderzee Lyceum in Emmeloord.

description: speed skater

wikidata_label: Thea Limbach

wikipedia_title: Thea Limbach


text: Elizabeth Blount

text: Henry VIII, King of England

text: Elizabeth

paragraph: Robert Tailboys, 3rd Baron Tailboys of Kyme

paragraph: Robert Tailboys (c. 1528 – c. 26 June 1542) was a younger son of Elizabeth Blount and Gilbert Tailboys, 1st Baron Tailboys of Kyme. Through his mother he was the half brother of Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, who was the only illegitimate offspring acknowledged by Henry VIII, King of England.

paragraph: Section::::Birth.

paragraph: He was most likely the youngest child of Elizabeth Blount and her first husband Gilbert Tailboys. He was named Robert for his father's grandfather Robert Tailboys. His birth came between his elder brother's George's birth in 1524 and his father's death in 1530, therefore at the time of his death in 1542 he was still a minor. His birth was probably towards the end of the marriage since there is so little information known about him.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Robert succeeded his brother George and was the last direct male line of the Tailboys. In his mother's Gower manuscript his signature is one of those that appears.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: It has been suggested that Robert Tailbois died from the unhealthy Fen climate. It has been speculated that Robert may have died as a result of consumption. Following his death, his sister Elizabeth inherited the barony.