text:
right fielder
Major League Baseball
Philadelphia Phillies
National League
Cleveland Indians
American League
Framingham, Massachusetts
McDaniel College
baseball
basketball
football
minor league baseball
Georgia–Florida League
player-manager
Fresno Cardinals
California League
batted
home run
Northeastern University
Greenfield High School
Greenfield, Massachusetts
physical education
middle school
referee
scout
Houston Astros
Jeff Bagwell
Boston Red Sox
Larry Andersen
Framingham High School
athletic scholarship
Ohio State University
track
Olympic gold medalist
Jesse Owens
end
Boston College
Thomasville
Georgia–Florida League
third baseman
batted
home run
games played
doubles
triples
Chattanooga Lookouts
Southern Association
outfielder
Philadelphia Phillies
Major League Baseball
at bat
hits
Baltimore Orioles
International League
RBIs
runs scored
stolen base
New York Giants
singled
Brooklyn Dodgers
Louisville Colonels
American Association
Boston Red Sox
Joe Cronin
Cleveland Indians
managed
Nazareth
North Atlantic League
pitcher
Houston Buffaloes
St. Louis Cardinals
San Antonio Missions
St. Louis Browns
Texas League
Toledo Mud Hens
Fresno Cardinals
California League
Greenfield, Massachusetts
High School
physical education
middle school
refereed
New England
Deerfield Academy
Northeastern University
scout
Houston Astros
American League East
spring training
Florida
Cape Cod Baseball League
Mike Flanagan
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Boston Red Sox
Larry Andersen
Jeff Bagwell
married
expulsion
Raynham, Massachusetts
heart failure
Harwich, Massachusetts
Greenfield, Massachusetts
hall of fame
Tal Smith

categories: Cleveland Indians players,Toledo Mud Hens players,Chattanooga Lookouts players,Fresno Cardinals players,Philadelphia Phillies scouts,Philadelphia Phillies players,1914 births,San Antonio Missions players,McDaniel Green Terror men's basketball players,2009 deaths,People from Framingham, Massachusetts,People from Greenfield, Massachusetts,Baseball players from Massachusetts,Louisville Colonels (minor league) players,Major League Baseball right fielders,McDaniel Green Terror baseball players,Northeastern Huskies football coaches,Baltimore Orioles (IL) players,Houston Buffaloes players,Houston Astros scouts,American men's basketball players,McDaniel Green Terror football players

paragraph: Stan Benjamin

paragraph: Alfred Stanley "Stan" Benjamin (May 20, 1914 – December 24, 2009) was a right fielder in Major League Baseball for five seasons; four with the Philadelphia Phillies (1939–42), of the National League (NL), and one with the Cleveland Indians (1945), of the American League (AL). The , Benjamin batted and threw right-handed, and was born in Framingham, Massachusetts. After graduating from high school, he attended Western Maryland College, now known as McDaniel College, where he played baseball, basketball, and football.

paragraph: In addition to his major league playing career, he played in minor league baseball for ten seasons. He began at the age of 23, with the Thomasville Orioles of the Georgia–Florida League in 1937, and finished as the player-manager for the Fresno Cardinals of the California League in 1948. During that time, he played in 955 minor league games, and batted .304, and hit 52 home runs. In the early 1940s, he was an assistant football coach at Northeastern University. Later, during his minor league career, he began coaching high school football, part-time, in his home town of Framingham, and then full-time once his playing and managing career ended.

paragraph: Starting in 1948, he was the head baseball coach and assistant football coach for Greenfield High School in Greenfield, Massachusetts, and took over the head football coaching duties in 1958. He held both positions, in addition to being a physical education teacher for a local middle school and part-time basketball referee until 1964. In 1965, he was hired as a talent scout for the Houston Astros, a job he held for nearly 40 years. It was his evaluation of Jeff Bagwell that led the Astros to acquire him from the Boston Red Sox for Larry Andersen.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born on May 20, 1914, in Framingham, Massachusetts, Benjamin graduated from Framingham High School in 1932, and later attended Western Maryland College, later renamed McDaniel College, on an athletic scholarship. He played football, basketball, and baseball and claimed to have once competed against Ohio State University track star and Olympic gold medalist Jesse Owens. When he was an end on the college's football team, he was presented with the game ball autographed by his teammates after a 12–6 victory over Boston College.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Minor leagues.

paragraph: Benjamin signed his first professional baseball contract with the Thomasville Orioles of the Class D minor league baseball Georgia–Florida League in 1937. He played for this team for the 1937 and 1938 seasons as their third baseman. In 1937, he batted .310, and hit one home run. In 97 games played during the 1938 season, he batted .348, hit 32 doubles, 12 triples, and three home runs. For the 1939 season, he joined the Chattanooga Lookouts of the Class A1 Southern Association as an outfielder; he batted .323, and hit 27 doubles, eight triples, and five home runs in 135 games played. It was at the conclusion of this minor league season, that he became a late-season acquisition of the Philadelphia Phillies.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Major leagues.

paragraph: Benjamin made his Major League Baseball debut on September 16, 1939, with the Phillies, and appeared in 12 games, fielding a variety of positions, including all three outfield positions, and third base as well. He had 50 at bats that season, and collected seven hits for a .140 batting average.

paragraph: The next season, he was optioned by the Phillies to the Baltimore Orioles of the Class AA International League, one of their minor league affiliates, as an outfielder. During the 1940 season, he played in 108 games, batted .304, and hit 16 doubles, seven triples, and 11 home runs. At the conclusion of this season, he was a late-season call-up by the Phillies. He played in eight games and had two hits in nine at bats for a .222 batting average.

paragraph: His most productive major league season came in 1941, when he played a full season with the Phillies. He posted career-highs in home runs (3), RBIs (27), runs scored (47), hits (113), doubles (20), triples (7), stolen bases (17) and games played (129). In a game against the New York Giants on June 28, Benjamin singled to bring home the game-winning run in bottom of the 12th inning. On July 1, he again produced a game-winning single, this time in the bottom of the tenth inning, defeating the Brooklyn Dodgers. He began the 1942 season with the Phillies and batted .224 in 78 games before being sold, on August 5, to the Louisville Colonels, a Class AA American Association affiliate of the Boston Red Sox.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Return to the minors.

paragraph: Benjamin finished the 1942 season with the Colonels as their third baseman. He appeared in 38 games, hit three home runs, and had a .303 batting average. Before the 1943 season, the Red Sox were in need of more outfielders, so manager Joe Cronin gave Benjamin a tryout in mid-March; however, he was not signed, and he continued to play with the Colonels, moving back to the outfield. In 123 games played, he hit just .237, and did not hit a home run.

paragraph: He returned to the Baltimore Orioles of the International League for the 1944 season, which had switched its major league affiliation to the Cleveland Indians. He enjoyed a resurgence in his offensive statistics that season, as his batting average rose to .301, and he hit 24 doubles, eight triples, and 12 home runs in 133 games played. The Indians called up Benjamin for the 1945 season, and even though he was part of their regular roster, he appeared in only 14 games, batting .333. On March 26, 1946, he was released by the Cleveland Indians, and he would never appear in another major league game. In his five-season major league career, Benjamin hit .229 with five home runs and 41 RBIs in 241 games.

paragraph: He played for and managed the Nazareth Cement Dusters of the Class D North Atlantic League. He played several different positions that season, including two games at pitcher. He batted .312 and hit four home runs during his only season with the Cement Dusters. Benjamin played for several different teams in 1947, beginning the season with the Houston Buffaloes, a St. Louis Cardinals affiliate, but later joined the San Antonio Missions, a St. Louis Browns affiliate. Both teams were in the Texas League. Late in the season, the Browns promoted him to their Class AAA team, the Toledo Mud Hens of the American Association. In 1948, he played for, and managed, the Fresno Cardinals of the Class C California League, an affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals. In 125 games played that season, he batted .326 and hit 27 doubles, five triples, and nine home runs. After the season completed, he retired as a player.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.:High school athletics.

paragraph: After his baseball playing career ended, he moved to Greenfield, Massachusetts, and became an assistant football coach at Greenfield High School, while also working as a physical education teacher at a nearby middle school. Benjamin was Greenfield's head football coach from 1958 to 1964, as well as the head baseball coach from 1948 to 1964. He coached the baseball team to several Western Massachusetts championships. Among the other duties, he also refereed high school and college basketball games in New England, as well as working as an assistant football coach at Deerfield Academy in 1964 and 1965. He was also an assistant football coach for Northeastern University in the early 1940s.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.:Scouting career.

paragraph: Benjamin began his career as a talent scout for the Houston Astros in 1965, and stayed in that capacity until retiring in 2002. During his time with the Astros franchise he scouted amateur players in the New England region, as well as the American League East teams and their minor league affiliates. He later became the team's scouting supervisor for the Northeast. He also scouted major league teams during spring training in Florida and spent many summer evenings evaluating some of the nation's best college players in the Cape Cod Baseball League.

paragraph: In 1970, Mike Flanagan was suffering arm problems, and many scouts decided that he did not have a future baseball career, but he could hit well, so Benjamin suggested to the Astros that they could use him in that capacity and wait to see if his arm would recuperate. The Astros drafted Flanagan, but he decided not to sign, and instead attended University of Massachusetts Amherst on a baseball scholarship. During the 1990 season, the Astros were approached by the Boston Red Sox, who needed pitching and were interested in Larry Andersen. Benjamin recommended that they ask for Red Sox minor leaguer Jeff Bagwell in return. The Astros were hesitant initially due to Bagwell's low home run totals, but Benjamin convinced them by explaining that his numbers were deceiving due to the large ballpark that he played in.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Benjamin was married to his wife Barbara, maiden name Hall, from 1941 until her death 54 years later in 1995. She was attending Framingham State Teachers College when they met, and school rules forbade female students from getting married or they faced expulsion. Town records did not publish marriages until after January 1, each year, so the couple got married at 1 a.m. on New Year's Day 1941 at her home in Raynham, Massachusetts. This prevented the school from learning about her marriage until after she had graduated. The Benjamins had one son, Richard, and three daughters, Nancy, Janice, and Joanne; as well as 12 grandchildren, and 11 great-grandchildren.

paragraph: Benjamin died at the age of 95, of heart failure, in his daughter's home on December 24, 2009, in Harwich, Massachusetts. He is interred at Green River Cemetery in Greenfield, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Benjamin was a member of both the McDaniel College and Massachusetts Baseball Coaches Association hall of fame, and in 2008, he received a special recognition award from the Professional Baseball Scouts Foundation. Tal Smith, Astros' president of baseball operations, said of Benjamin, "Stan's positive evaluation of Bagwell was definitely a catalyst in our taking him... He was a vital cog in our organization who had the ability to convey his opinion in a precise manner. You always knew where you stood with him. He was a longtime employee, but more important, a longtime friend." Smith also called him a "keen judge of talent."

description: Major League Baseball player, scout

wikidata_label: Stan Benjamin

wikipedia_title: Stan Benjamin


text:
ancient Egypt
26th Dynasty
27th Dynasty
Achaemenid
autobiography
Italian
naophoros
Neith
Sais
Darius I
Vatican Museums
Museo Gregoriano Egizio
pharaoh
Amasis II
Psamtik III
physician
defeat at Pelusium in 525 BCE
Cambyses II
collaborationist
chancellor
chief physician
pharaonic titulary
Horus
Two Lands
King of Upper and Lower Egypt
Ra
Susa
Per-ankh
shaft tomb
Abusir
The inscription of Udjahorresne

categories: Admirals,Ancient Egyptian physicians,People of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt,6th-century BC clergy,Court physicians,6th-century BC births,6th century BC in Egypt,Ancient Egyptian priests,Year of death missing,Ancient Egyptian treasurers

paragraph: Udjahorresnet

paragraph: Udjaḥorresnet (or Wedjaḥorresnet, and many other variants) was an ancient Egyptian high official who lived between the end of the 26th Dynasty and the beginning of the 27th Dynasty. He is mainly known for his efforts in promoting the Egyptian customs to the early Achaemenid kings of the 27th Dynasty.

paragraph: We know about his remarkable and controversial career thanks to his autobiography, inscribed on a well known statue depicting him; the statue, commonly called "Naoforo vaticano" (Italian for "Vatican naophoros") was originally placed in the temple of Neith at Sais likely in Year 3 of Darius I (c. 519 BCE) and is now exhibited inside the Vatican Museums (more precisely in the Museo Gregoriano Egizio) of Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Early in his career, during the reigns of pharaohs Amasis II and Psamtik III, Udjahorresnet was a commander of ships (admiral), a physician and a priest of Neith in Sais. After the defeat at Pelusium in 525 BCE and the subsequent conquest of Egypt by Cambyses II, he eventually was relieved from his military duties.

paragraph: Nevertheless, his influence grew unexpectedly under the reign of the foreign kings, Cambyses and his successor Darius I: Udjahorresnet apparently became a sort of collaborationist for the Persians, managing to enter in the royal court as chancellor and chief physician. From his statue, it is known that he used his influence to make Cambyses acknowledge and respect Egyptian customs. Acculturated by Udjahorresnet, the pharaoh paid homage to the goddess Neith at Sais, not before having driven out many Persian squatters who had settled within the temple; Udjahorresnet himself composed Cambyses' pharaonic titulary, calling him the Horus "Smatawy" (”He who unifies the Two Lands”) and the King of Upper and Lower Egypt "Mesutire" (“Offspring of Ra”).

paragraph: After Cambyses' death (522 BCE), Udjahorresnet's mission continued with Darius I: in fact, he even escorted Darius on his return to Susa and before returning to Egypt, he persuaded the new pharaoh to entrust to him the restoration of "Per-ankh" (the “House of Life”), a well known educational and cultural institution in ancient Egypt.

paragraph: Udjahorresnet probably died later during Darius' reign. His huge shaft tomb at Abusir was excavated between 1980 and 1993, and found looted in antiquity. It is still a matter of debate if Udjahorresnet was indeed buried here or not; if not, it is possible that he died in Persia, and his corpse buried there instead of being repatriated.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lopez, Francesco (2015). "Democede di Crotone e Udjahorresnet di Sais. Medici primari alla corte achemenide di Dario il Grande", Pisa: Pisa University Press.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The inscription of Udjahorresne

description: Egyptian official

wikidata_label: Udjahorresne

wikipedia_title: Udjahorresnet


text: fugitive

text: trapping

text: manhunt

text: Northwest Territories

text: Yukon

text: Northern Canada

text: media circus

text: Royal Canadian Mounted Police

text: shootout

text: Fort McPherson

text: Peel River

text: Scandinavia

text: Mackenzie River

text: trapping

text: native

text: Great Depression

text: Aklavik

text: search warrant

text: posse

text: dynamite

text: dugout

text: blizzard

text: thicket

text: Inuvialuit

text: Gwich'in

text: Richardson Mountains

text: aviator

text: Wilfrid "Wop" May

text: Canadian Airways

text: ski-equipped

text: Bellanca

text: monoplane

text: caribou

text: snowshoe

text: MJ

text: kcal

text: Beecham's Pills

text: Arctic

text: Dease Lake, British Columbia

text: Savage Model 99

text: .30-30 Winchester

text: lever action

text: .22 Long Rifle

text: Kaska Dena

text: San Quentin Prison

text: Folsom Prison

text: Pictou

text: Nova Scotia

text: Revelstoke

text: conscription

text: First World War

text: Digby Island

text: exhumation

text: forensic

text: Discovery Channel

text: Corn Belt

text: midwest America

text: Wilf Carter

text: Smithsonian Folkways Recordings

text: The Mad Trapper

text: Challenge to Be Free

text: Alaska

text: Johnny Appleseed

text: Charles Bronson

text: Death Hunt

text: Lee Marvin

text: bush pilot

text: Royal Canadian Air Force

text: Rudy Wiebe

text: Thomas P. Kelley

text: CBC Program on the Mad Trapper

text: Wop May's story of the hunt

categories: Unidentified criminals,1932 deaths,Canadian murderers,People from the Northwest Territories,1932 murders in North America,History of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region,People shot dead by law enforcement officers in Canada,1930s murders in Canada,Year of birth uncertain,1932 crimes in Canada,Canadian folklore,Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)

paragraph: Albert Johnson (criminal)

paragraph: Albert Johnson (born ca. 1890–1900 – died February 17, 1932), also known as the Mad Trapper of Rat River, was a fugitive whose actions stemming from a trapping dispute eventually sparked off a huge manhunt in the Northwest Territories and Yukon in Northern Canada. The event became a media circus as Johnson eluded the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) team sent to take him into custody, which ended after a foot chase lasting more than a month and a shootout in which Johnson was fatally wounded on the Eagle River, Yukon. Albert Johnson is suspected to have been a pseudonym and his true identity remains unknown.

paragraph: Section::::Attack on police.

paragraph: Albert Johnson arrived in Fort McPherson after coming down the Peel River on July 9, 1931. He was questioned by RCMP constable Edgar Millen, but provided little information. Millen thought he had a Scandinavian accent, generally kept himself clean shaven, and seemed to have plenty of money for supplies. After venturing the waterways in a native-built raft to the Mackenzie River delta, he built a small cabin on the banks of the Rat River. Johnson had not acquired a trapping license, which was considered odd for someone living in the bush. At that time many northern native traditional trapping areas were being invaded by outsiders fleeing the Great Depression and some complaints may have been intended to remove him.

paragraph: In December, one of the native trappers complained to the local RCMP detachment in Aklavik that someone was tampering with his traps, tripping them and hanging them on the trees. He identified Johnson as the likely culprit. On December 26, Constable Alfred King and Special Constable Joe Bernard, each of whom had considerable northern experience, trekked the to Johnson's cabin to ask him about the allegations. Seeing smoke coming from the chimney, they approached the hut to talk. Johnson refused to talk to them however, seeming to not even notice them. King looked into the cabin window, at which point Johnson placed a sack across it. The two constables eventually decided to return to Aklavik and get a search warrant.

paragraph: King and Bernard returned five days later with two other men. Johnson again refused to talk and eventually King decided to enforce the warrant and force the door. As soon as he began, Johnson shot him through the wooden door. A brief firefight broke out, and the team managed to return the wounded King to Aklavik where he eventually recovered.

paragraph: Section::::Manhunt.

paragraph: A posse was then formed consisting of nine men, 42 dogs and of dynamite which they intended to use to blast Johnson out of the cabin if necessary. After surrounding the cabin they thawed the dynamite inside their coats, eventually building a single charge and tossing it into the cabin. After the explosion collapsed the building, the men tried to rush in. Johnson opened fire from a five-foot dugout beneath the ruins. No one was hit, and after a 15-hour standoff (ending at 4:00 A.M.) in the weather, the posse retreated to Aklavik for further assistance.

paragraph: By this point, the news had filtered out to the rest of the world via radio. After being delayed because of blizzard conditions, the reinforced posse returned on January 14 to find that Johnson had left the cabin and they struck out after him. Eventually, they caught up with him on January 30, surrounding him in a thicket. In the ensuing firefight, Johnson shot Constable Edgar Millen through the heart, killing him. Millen was later to have a tributary of the Rat River, Millen Creek, named for him. A memorial is located in the area. Once again they fell into retreat. The posse continued to grow, enlisting local Inuvialuit and Gwich'in who were better able to move in the back country. Johnson had clearly decided to leave for the Yukon, but the RCMP blocked the only two passes over the Richardson Mountains. That did not stop Johnson, who climbed a peak and once again disappeared.

paragraph: In desperation, the RCMP hired a leading post-war aviator named Wilfrid "Wop" May of Canadian Airways to help in the hunt by scouting the area from the air. He arrived in the new ski-equipped Bellanca monoplane on February 5. May discovered that Johnson had crossed the Richardson Mountains when the airplane saw his tracks on the far side of the range. On February 14, he discovered the tactics Johnson had been using to elude his followers. He noticed a set of footprints leading off the centre of the frozen surface of the Eagle River to the bank. Johnson had been following the caribou tracks in the middle of the river, where they walked in order to give them better visibility of approaching predators. Walking in their tracks had hidden his footprints and allowed him to travel quickly on the compacted snow without having to use his snowshoes. He left the trail only at night to make camp on the river bank, which is the track May had spotted. May radioed back his findings and the RCMP gave chase up the river, eventually being directed to Johnson by February 17.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: The pursuit team rounded a bend in the river to find Johnson only a few hundred yards ahead, standing in front of them. Johnson attempted to run for the bank, but did not have his snowshoes on and could not make it. A firefight broke out in which one RCMP officer was seriously wounded and Johnson was killed after being shot in the left side of the pelvis at an acute angle. It is believed that the bullet passed through vital tissues, bowels, and main arteries, which led to his death. May landed the plane, picked up the injured officer and flew him to help for which he was credited with saving his life.

paragraph: After Johnson's death, RCMP officials realized that he had travelled over away from his cabin in 33 days, burning approximately 42 MJ (10,000 kcal) a day in the cold weather and hostile terrain. Seventy-five years later in 2007, forensics teams found that his tailbone was not actually symmetrical, causing his spine to curve left and right slightly. In addition, one foot was longer than the other.

paragraph: An examination of Johnson's body yielded over $2,000 in both American and Canadian currency as well as some gold, a pocket compass, a razor, a knife, fish hooks, nails, a dead squirrel, a dead bird, a large quantity of Beecham's Pills and teeth with gold fillings that were believed to be his. During the entire chase, the Mounties had never heard Johnson utter a single word. The only thing they heard was Johnson's laugh after he shot Constable Edgar Millen. To this day people debate who he was, why he moved to the Arctic, or if he was actually responsible for interfering with the trap lines as alleged.

paragraph: Section::::Identity.

paragraph: The RCMP issued a series of photographs and sent them throughout Canada and the United States in an unsuccessful effort to learn his real identity, which has never been definitively established.

paragraph: In the 1930s the initial investigation about the identity of Albert Johnson primarily focused on an obscure individual named Arthur Nelson. Details of Nelson's life are recorded by Yukon researcher and author Richard North. Nelson apparently travelled from Dease Lake, British Columbia up into the Yukon in the 1927 to 1931 period. He had similar guns (a Savage Model 99, a .30-30 Winchester calibre lever action rifle and a .22 Long Rifle) as Albert Johnson. Nelson is also remembered by Kaska Dena elders Art John Sr. and others who knew him by the alias "Mickey Nelson" when he trapped and prospected in west central Yukon; Ross River region. Yukon author Dick North published his theory that Albert Johnson, Arthur Nelson, and John Johnson from North Dakota were one and the same person in his 1989 book "Trackdown". John Johnson did time in San Quentin Prison and Folsom Prison and his physical description is well documented. North traced John Johnson's identity back to Norway. "Johnny Johnson" was born Johan Konrad Jonsen (1898) in Bardu, Northern Norway, north of the Arctic Circle. DNA tests have ruled out the Johnny Johnson theory.

paragraph: The Johnston family of Pictou, Nova Scotia have long believed that Albert Johnson is actually Owen Albert Johnston, a relative who had left Pictou at the beginning of the depression to find work in the United States. The family's last letter from Johnston was posted from Revelstoke, British Columbia early in 1931. They never heard from him again. According to the radio interview a relative was arranging for DNA tests.

paragraph: Previous theories were challenged with the release of Mark Fremmerlid's "What Became of Sigvald Anyway" book. He proposed too many coincidences to ignore the possibility of Sigvald Pedersen Haaskjold from Norway emerging as Albert Johnson. Sigvald was last known as a highly self-sufficient 32-year-old in 1927, 4½ years before the chase and death of Albert Johnson, who was estimated between 35 and 40 years. Sigvald had become obsessed with the notion that the authorities were still looking for him after evading conscription during the First World War. He had built a fortress-like cabin on Digby Island on the north coast of B.C. before disappearing. This author points out circumstantial evidence for this case. This theory, along with the others tested, was 100 percent excluded through DNA testing.

paragraph: In 2009 a televised exhumation of Johnson's corpse was aired in which DNA comparisons were made to confirm Johnson's identity. A forensic team sponsored by the Discovery Channel exhumed Johnson's body on August 11, 2007 and conducted forensic tests on his remains before re-interring it in an attempt to confirm his true identity conclusively. All candidates tested against were eventually excluded with 100 percent certainty. By analyzing isotopes in Johnson's teeth, it was determined that Johnson was not Canadian but likely grew up in the Corn Belt of midwest America or possibly Scandinavia. It was also reported that he was aged in his 30s when he died.

paragraph: Section::::Films and music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The event has been written about in a song called "The Capture of Albert Johnson," by Wilf Carter; by Stanley G Triggs, in the song "The Mad Trapper Of Rat River", on his 1961 album "Bunkhouse And Forecastle Songs Of The North West" (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings), by Doug Hutton in his 1974 song "Rat River Trapper", and also by Fort Smith, NWT band State of the Art, in their song “River Rat Bluesman” on their 2015 album State of the Earth.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mad Trapper", a highly fictionalized film based on these events, was released in 1972, and in 1975 "Challenge to Be Free" was released. An American production, it relocated the events to Alaska and referred to Johnson's character merely as "Trapper", or in the theme song, "Trapper Man". It portrayed Johnson as a man who lived in peace and harmony with wild animals, similar to Johnny Appleseed and whose initial interference with other traps was due to rival trappers' inhumane techniques.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Another highly fictionalized version of Johnson's story appeared in Charles Bronson's 1981 movie "Death Hunt". The film reverses the facts, making Johnson a sympathetic, freedom-loving character and changing RCMP hero Edgar Millen from the young and popular figure that he was into a broken-down, middle-aged alcoholic (played by Lee Marvin) who rather than being shot by Johnson actually leads the pursuit to capture him. Furthermore, bush pilot Wop May is represented as a Royal Canadian Air Force captain, Hank Tucker, who is shot down and killed by the posse after Tucker wildly shoots up members of the posse.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The story is also retold within the song "The Ballad of Trapper John" by Devon Coyote, a Canadian folk rock group based in British Columbia.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudy Wiebe, "The Mad Trapper", 1980, Jackpine House Ltd., 186 pages,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas York," Trapper", 1981, Avon Books, 476 pages,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Death of Albert Johnson Mad Trapper of Rat River", 1986, Heritage House Publishing Company Ltd., 94 pages,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dick North, "The Mad Trapper of Rat River", 2003, The Lyons Press, 338 pages,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hélèna Katz, "The Mad Trapper", 2004, Altitude Publishing Canada Ltd., 133 pages,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dick North, "The Man Who Didn't Fit In", 2005, The Lyons Press, 259 pages,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Smith, "The Mad Trapper: Unearthing a Mystery", 2009, Heritage House Publishing Co., 160 pages,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Fremmerlid, "What Became of Sigvald Anyway? Was He The Mad Trapper of Rat River?" 66 pages,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas P. Kelley, "Rat River Trapper", 1972, Paper Jacks, 141 pages,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dick North, "Trackdown", 1989, Macmillan of Canada, 202 pages,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CBC Program on the Mad Trapper

paragraph: BULLET::::- NorthWest Territories and Yukon Radio System Account of the Pursuit

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wop May's story of the hunt

description: Canadian fugitive and murderer

wikidata_label: Albert Johnson

wikipedia_title: Albert Johnson (criminal)


text:
footballer
goalkeeper
Tours FC
Martinique national football team
Lille OSC
Ligue 1
Mickaël Landreau
Vincent Enyeama
Guinea national football team
Martinique

categories: 1980 births,Gazélec Ajaccio players,Lille OSC players,Ligue 1 players,Association football goalkeepers,Championnat National players,ASOA Valence players,Stade Malherbe Caen players,Ligue 2 players,Sportspeople from Aubervilliers,Stade Brestois 29 players,French footballers,French people of Guinean descent,Martiniquais footballers,2014 Caribbean Cup players,Martinique international footballers,Living people,Martiniquais people of Guinean descent,Tours FC players,US Marseille Endoume players,French people of Martiniquais descent

paragraph: Steeve Elana

paragraph: Steeve Elana (born 11 July 1980) is an footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Tours FC and the Martinique national football team.

paragraph: He previously played for Lille OSC in the French Ligue 1. He became first choice goalkeeper for Lille after the departure of Mickaël Landreau. However, he was displaced in 2013–14 by the Nigerian international Vincent Enyeama.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Born in France, Elana is of Martiniquais descent through his father, and Guinean descent through his mother. In March 2019, 38 year old Elana was called up to the Guinea national football team, having previously played internationally for Martinique who is a non-FIFA member. He was unable to get a Guinean passport, as he wasn't able to confirm the Guinean village his grandparents came from.

description: French footballer

wikidata_label: Steeve Elana

wikipedia_title: Steeve Elana


text:
Italian
engraver
Renaissance
Florence
Vasari
Maso Finiguerra
engraving
Sandro Botticelli
disegno
Fine Manner
British Museum
Otto Prints
Francesco Rosselli
burin
lozenge
Antonio Pollaiuolo
Battle of the Nude Men
Dante Alighieri
engraving
illustrated the Inferno
printmaking
Divine Comedy
manuscript illustrated Dante
parchment
underdrawing
Vatican Library
John Ruskin
Milo of Croton
Sidney Colvin
Francesco Rosselli
Antonio Bettini
Nicolaus Laurentii
Hamburg
Grove Art Online
subscription required
Vasari
Vasari "Life" on-line

categories: 1436 births,People from Florence,1480s deaths,Italian engravers

paragraph: Baccio Baldini

paragraph: Baccio Baldini (c. 1436 – buried 12 December 1487) was an Italian goldsmith and engraver of the Renaissance, active in his native Florence. All that is known of Baldini's life, apart from the date of his burial in Florence, is what Vasari says of him: that Baldini was a goldsmith and pupil of Maso Finiguerra, the Florentine goldsmith who was, according to Vasari's incorrect claim, the inventor of engraving. Vasari says Baldini based all of his works on designs by Sandro Botticelli because he lacked "disegno" himself. Today Baldini is best remembered for his collaboration with Botticelli on the first printed Dante in 1481, where it is believed the painter supplied the drawings for Baldini to turn into engravings, but it does not seem to be the case that all his work was after Botticelli. He has long been attributed with a number of other engravings as the leading practitioner of the Florentine Fine Manner of engraving, this rather tentatively; he is often given a "workshop" or "circle" to ease uncertainty.

paragraph: In total the group amounts to over 100 prints. They are "characterized by rather sharp, often deeply incised outlines: similar deeply-cut graver work for the features, for the ample ornament of the costumes, and for the architecture; and extremely fine lines, organized into rather fuzzy cross-hatching, for the shading, which often gives the draperies an almost furry look". This technique was designed to capture the quality of pen and wash drawings, and he may be attributed with drawings as well.

paragraph: He, or his circle, have been attributed with the "Florentine Picture-Chronicle" in the British Museum, an album of 55 drawings of scenes and figures of ancient history. Jay Levinson has also attributed to him several of the Otto Prints "a group of delightful engravings, mostly in the round, showing amorous subjects or hunting scenes; they were intended to be pasted into gift boxes", which are also in the British Museum (they survive in unique impressions, presumably from a collection for customers to choose from). However, in 2017 the British Museum was not prepared to name Baldini as the artist of these, or any other works in their collection. Hugo Chapman points out that there is "no contemporary reference to Baldini making prints" at all, and Vasari was writing almost a century after his career is supposed to have begun.

paragraph: Whoever the artists were, the prints attributed to Baldini and the drawings in the "Florentine Picture-Chronicle" share "a goldsmith-inspired predeliction for intricate surface pattern and ornament; a rather rudimentary grasp of perspective" (less so in some prints), and a dependence on "Finiguerra-inspired figure types".

paragraph: Section::::The "Fine Manner" in Florentine engraving.

paragraph: From about 1460–1490 two styles developed in Florence, which remained the largest centre of Italian engraving. These are called (although the terms are less often used now) the "Fine Manner" and the "Broad Manner", referring to the typical thickness of the lines used to produce shading within the main contour lines. The terms are somewhat compromised by a division of the Broad Manner into two groups with a different technique, both found in the works probably by Francesco Rosselli. He appears to have not only introduced to Florence the German-style burin with a lozenge-shaped section that the technique requires, but to have subsequently reinvented his technique. The leading artists in the Fine Manner are Baccio Baldini and the "Master of the Vienna Passion", and in the Broad Manner, Francesco Rosselli and Antonio Pollaiuolo, whose only print was the "Battle of the Nude Men" the masterpiece of 15th-century Florentine engraving. The problems with the terms are exemplified by Konrad Oberhuber describing this print as "the major work of the Broad Manner", while for David Landau it is "a masterpiece in the Fine Manner".

paragraph: Section::::Engravings after Botticelli.

paragraph: Botticelli had a lifelong interest in the great Florentine poet Dante Alighieri, which produced works in several media. According to Vasari, he "wrote a commentary on a portion of Dante", which is also referred to dismissively in another story in the "Life", but no such text has survived.

paragraph: Vasari wrote disapprovingly of the first printed Dante in 1481 with engravings by Baccio Baldini, engraved from drawings by Botticelli: "being of a sophistical turn of mind, he there wrote a commentary on a portion of Dante and illustrated the Inferno which he printed, spending much time over it, and this abstention from work led to serious disorders in his living." Vasari, who lived when printmaking had become far more important than in Botticelli's day, never takes it seriously, perhaps because his own paintings did not sell well in reproduction. Botticelli's attempt to design the illustrations for a printed book was unprecedented for a leading painter, and though it seems to have been something of a flop, this was a role for artists that had an important future.

paragraph: The "Divine Comedy" consists of 100 cantos, and the printed text left space for one engraving for each canto. However, only 19 illustrations were engraved, and most copies of the book have only the first two or three. The first two, and sometimes three, are usually printed on the book page, while the later ones are printed on separate sheets that are pasted into place. This suggests that the production of the engravings lagged behind the printing, and the later illustrations were pasted into the stock of printed and bound books, and perhaps sold to those who had already bought the book. Unfortunately Baldini was neither very experienced nor talented as an engraver, and was unable to express the delicacy of Botticelli's style in his plates. Two religious engravings are also generally accepted to be after designs by Botticelli.

paragraph: Botticelli later began a luxury manuscript illustrated Dante on parchment, most of which was taken only as far as the underdrawings, and only a few pages are fully illuminated. This manuscript has 93 surviving pages (32 x 47 cm), now divided between the Vatican Library (8 sheets) and Berlin (83), and represents the bulk of Botticelli's surviving drawings. Once again, the project was never completed, even at the drawing stage, but some of the early cantos appear to have been at least drawn but are now missing. The pages that survive have always been greatly admired, and much discussed, as the project raises many questions.

paragraph: Section::::"Florentine Picture-Chronicle".

paragraph: This album, an unusual and ambitious attempt at a "pictorial chronicle of the world", which was never completed, once belonged to John Ruskin. The drawings are in black chalk, then ink and usually wash. The final drawing of the 55 is an unfinished one of Milo of Croton, perhaps some two-thirds of the way through the intended scheme. Many drawings show a single figure, usually standing in a landscape, but others are rather elaborate narrative scenes. Apart from a general stylistic similarity to the prints attributed to Baldini, there are some specific borrowings (in whichever direction), or use of a common source.

paragraph: A print attributed to Baldini of "Theseus and Ariadne by the Cretan Labyrinth" uses the same dominating labyrinth as the Picture-Chronicle's drawing of Theseus, and the drawing of "Jacob and Esau" uses several animals in a "Baldini" pattern sheet print of animals, the only impression of which is also in the British Museum.

paragraph: Following a thesis by Lucy Whitaker (1986) it is "firmly established" that at least two artists worked on the drawings, and it is possible that Baldini was actually neither of these, though they are clearly close to the prints given to him. The British Museum attributed the album in 2017 to "Circle/School of: Baccio Baldini; Circle/School of: Maso Finiguerra". When first published in 1893, by Sidney Colvin (published by the Imperial Press, Berlin) it was attributed to Finiguerra.

paragraph: Section::::Other works.

paragraph: He is attributed with a set of 24 Prophets and 12 Sibyls, all shown seated at full-length, with verses underneath, copied by Francesco Rosselli and others, and a series of "The Planets". Engravings by Baldini were published in 1477 illustrating "Monte Santo di Dio", a religious work by Antonio Bettini, printed by Nicolaus Laurentii. Baldini did the first of a series on the "Triumphs of Petrarch"; the rest are by the Master of the Vienna Passion. Other large individual prints are a "Conversion of Saint Paul", in a unique impression in Hamburg, and a "Judgement hall of Pontius Pilate", "known only in a very late reworked state and therefore difficult to judge".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chapman, Hugo, in Chapman, Hugo, and Faietti, Marzia, "Fra Angelico to Leonardo: Italian Renaissance Drawings", 2010, British Museum Press,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dempsey, Charles, "Botticelli, Sandro", Grove Art Online, Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 15 May. 2017. subscription required

paragraph: BULLET::::- Landau, David, in Landau, David, and Parshall, Peter. "The Renaissance Print", Yale, 1996,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Levinson, Jay A. (ed. - entries by Konrad Oberhuber) "Early Italian Engravings from the National Gallery of Art", National Gallery of Art, Washington (Catalogue), 1973, LOC 7379624

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lightbown, Ronald, "Sandro Botticelli: Life and Work", 1989, Thames and Hudson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vasari, selected & ed. George Bull, "Artists of the Renaissance", Penguin 1965 (page nos from BCA edn, 1979). Vasari "Life" on-line (in a different translation)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark J. Zucker, 'The Illustrated Bartsch, Commentary', vol. 24, part 1, 1993, pp. 89–93, 240

alias:
Bartolommeo Baldini
Bartolomeo Baldini

description: Italian engraver of the Renaissance, active in his native Florence (Italy).

wikidata_label: Baccio Baldini

wikipedia_title: Baccio Baldini


text: Roman consul

text: censor

text: Scipio Africanus

text: Lucius Aemilius Paullus

text: Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus

text: nomen

text: gens Aemilia

text: patrician

text: Roman women

text: Valerius Maximus

text: Cornelia Africana Major

text: Cornelia Africana Minor

text: Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi

text: Polybius

text: Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus

text: Aurelia Cotta

text: Julius Caesar

text: Valerius Maximus

text: paterfamilias

text: Liternum

text: Scipio Asiaticus

text: lex Voconia

text: Scipio Aemilianus

text: Papiria Masonis

text: biological

text: L. Aemilius

text: Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus

text: Plutarch

text: Publius Cornelius Scipio

text: Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus

text: Lucius Cornelius Scipio

text: Cornelia

text: Cornelia

text: Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus

text: Scipio Africanus

text: Women in Rome

text: Scipio-Paullus-Gracchus family tree

text: Friedrich Munzer

categories: 3rd-century BC Roman women,2nd-century BC Roman women,160s BC deaths,Ancient Roman women,230s BC births,3rd-century BC Romans,2nd-century BC Romans,People from Rome

paragraph: Aemilia Tertia

paragraph: Aemilia Tertia, also known as Aemilia Paulla (c. 230–163 or 162 BC), was the wife of the Roman consul and censor Scipio Africanus. She was the daughter, possibly the third surviving daughter, of the consul Lucius Aemilius Paullus and the sister of the consul Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus.

paragraph: Section::::Family and name.

paragraph: The name "Aemilia" derives from her family name "(nomen)", the "gens Aemilia" being one of the five most important patrician families. Roman women of the Middle Republic customarily bore their father's family name and were sometimes distinguished by their birth order. As with men named "Quintus" ("the Fifth") or "Sextus" ("the Sixth"), a name such as "Tertia" may not always mean a woman had two older sisters. Valerius Maximus gives her name as "Tertia Aemilia", "the wife of Scipio Africanus and the mother of Cornelia." Aemilia is not known to have had sisters. Her daughters were Cornelia Africana Major and Cornelia Africana Minor, the younger being far more famous than her mother or elder sister.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Scipio.

paragraph: Aemilia Tertia's marriage to Scipio Africanus took place no later than 215 BC. They were very happily married, according to Livy, Polybius, and other classical historians. They had two sons and two daughters, the younger being the famous Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi.

paragraph: Section::::Character of Aemilia.

paragraph: Aemilia Tertia was alleged of a very mild disposition but was fiercely loyal to her husband who upset many Senators by challenging the older leaders in their military strategy, and conservative Romans by his adoption of some parts of Greek lifestyle. The Greek historian Polybius who was living in the household of her brother Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus for some time, and who almost certainly was an eye-witness, wrote of Aemilia Tertia:

paragraph: This passage shows that for that period, the last decades of the Middle Republic, Aemilia Tertia had unusual freedom and wealth for a patrician married woman, both given her by an unusually liberal husband. She is one of the few Roman women known to us from the Middle Republic. Because of her unusual wealth and freedom, and her own behavior, she was an important role model for many younger Roman woman, just as her youngest daughter Cornelia (190-121 BC), would be an important role model for many Late Republican Roman noblewomen, including allegedly, Aurelia Cotta, the mother of Julius Caesar.

paragraph: According to other sources, Aemilia was gentle, mild-mannered, but also fiercely loyal to her husband. Valerius Maximus relates an incident where Scipio was unfaithful to her with one of their own maid-servants, but Aemilia chose not to make the matter public. Valerius Maximus and Plutarch would have considered such behavior as honorable for Scipio, who after all, was not debauching his own wife. Marital sex was considered to be essentially procreative among Middle-Republic Romans. The year of this incident was around 191 BC or later, at which time Aemilia was either pregnant with her youngest child or had given birth recently. The fact that Aemilia chose not to expose her husband's infidelity (per Valerius Maximus) could indicate either a desire to spare him embarrassment or her own desire to avoid embarrassment for herself. A Roman wife could not expect her husband to be faithful, and his misconduct whether at home or outside was not grounds for a divorce. Furthermore, by divorcing her husband (or rather, being divorced in that period), a woman lost custody of her children and usually had to return to her father's or brother's house. The husband could retain most of her dowry, so Aemilia could get as little as one-fifth of her dowry back. Aemilia's sister-in-law Papiria Masonis was divorced c. 183 BC by her husband, simply because he was tired of her. She was entirely blameless, having provided him with two sons and two daughters, and her chastity was not in question. After her divorce, she lived in rather straitened circumstances, and without her children who remained with their father and paterfamilias.

paragraph: Sources such as Polybius also emphasize her love of luxury and her extravagance; she drove a special chariot at women's religious processions and was attended by a large number of servants. One source claims that she enjoyed buying tasteful although extravagant works of art.

paragraph: Section::::Scipio's death and aftermath.

paragraph: Scipio died of a lingering illness in 183 BC after having retired to his country house at Liternum in 185 BC. During his last years, he wrote his memoirs in both Latin and Greek, but those have vanished, with even Plutarch's Life of him missing. He was survived by his widow and four children; his brother Scipio Asiaticus also remained living, although in political disgrace.

paragraph: According to Polybius, Scipio made generous provisions for his widow to ensure that she would retain the same lifestyle she had grown accustomed to as his wife. He also promised his daughters fifty talents of silver each, which was a very large dowry by that era's standards.

paragraph: Section::::Aemilia as a widow.

paragraph: Aemilia Tertia long survived her husband and outlived both her sons. She had two daughters surviving upon her own death, which took place sometime around 163 BC and by 162 BC.

paragraph: She continued her luxurious lifestyle despite widowhood, presumably having been guaranteed a generous income by her husband's will. However, due to the lex Voconia (which prohibited women from inheriting much or from passing on their own wealth to females) passed in 169 BC, she was unable to dispose of her possessions as she pleased. At her death, her heir was automatically her grandson by adoption, Scipio Africanus II, or Scipio the Younger (better known to Romans as Scipio Aemilianus). He gave them to his mother Papiria Masonis, who was divorced from his own natural biological father L. Aemilius for more than two decades. At her death, he passed those same possessions over to his two biological sisters - Aemilia Paulla Prima, wife of Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus and Aemilia Paulla Secunda, wife of Quintus Aelius Tubero. (Polybius, Book 31: 28, Plutarch. Aem. 2; Liv. xxxviii. 57).

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: Aemilia Tertia and Scipio Africanus had four surviving children, two sons and two daughters.

paragraph: The elder son Publius Cornelius Scipio was not healthy enough to pursue a military/politic career, and was given a religious career instead. He adopted his first cousin Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus as heir. The younger son Lucius Cornelius Scipio became praetor in 174 BC.

paragraph: Her two daughters married prominent politicians: the elder Cornelia married her cousin Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum and the younger Cornelia became the wife of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scipio Africanus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Women in Rome

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scipio-Paullus-Gracchus family tree

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Valerius Maximus, "Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri vi.7.1"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plutarch's Lives, Volume II" of The Project Gutenberg EBook by Aubrey Stew

paragraph: Section::::References.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Additional references to husband Scipio Africanus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Munzer, "Roman Aristocratic Parties and Families" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- T.R.S. Broughton, "Magistrates of the Roman Republic" (1950-1, 1986)

description: Wife of Scipio Africanus

wikidata_label: Aemilia Tertia

wikipedia_title: Aemilia Tertia


text:
Barnsley
South Yorkshire
Leeds
Cardiff
Dover
Barnsley
Doncaster
Northampton
Chesterfield
Middlesbrough
Perth
Otley
Rugby
Eric Morecambe
Morecambe
Lancashire
Cary Grant
Millennium Square
Bristol
Laurel and Hardy
Laurel's
Ulverston
Benny Hill
Southampton
Official website

categories: British male sculptors,Living people,British sculptors,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Graham Ibbeson

paragraph: Graham Ibbeson is an artist and sculptor resident of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England. He has created bronze sculptures in towns and cities across Britain including Leeds, Cardiff, Dover, Barnsley, Doncaster, Northampton, Chesterfield, Middlesbrough, Perth, Otley and Rugby.

paragraph: One his most famous pieces is the statue of comedian Eric Morecambe, which stands in the performer’s seaside hometown of Morecambe, Lancashire and which was unveiled by the Queen. His bronze statue of Cary Grant was unveiled in 2001 in Millennium Square in Grant's hometown of Bristol. Ibbeson has also sculpted comedy duo Laurel and Hardy; the bronze statue was erected in Laurel's home town of Ulverston April 2009. His latest commission is a statue of Benny Hill for the comedian's hometown of Southampton.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Graham Ibbeson

wikipedia_title: Graham Ibbeson


text:
Chinese
Northern Qi
Gao Wei
Empress Mu
pipa
Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou
Linfen
Shanxi
Xinzhou
Shanxi
Mu Tipo
Taiyuan
Shanxi
Handan
Hebei
crown prince
Gao Heng
Taishang Huang
Grand Empress Dowager Hu
Chang'an
Emperor Xuan
Yang Jian
regent
Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou

categories: Pipa players,Northern Zhou people,Chinese imperial consorts,581 deaths,Northern Qi people

paragraph: Feng Xiaolian

paragraph: Consort Feng Xiaolian (馮小憐) (died 581?) was an imperial consort of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi. She was a concubine of the penultimate Gao Wei, and his infatuation with her caused her to be, fairly or unfairly, often stated by traditional historians as a reason for Northern Qi's downfall.

paragraph: Feng Xiaolian was initially a servant girl of Gao Wei's third wife Empress Mu. As Empress Mu lost favor from Gao Wei, she offered Feng Xiaolian to Gao Wei as a consort, and Gao Wei favored Consort Feng greatly. He gave Consort Feng the title of "Shufei" (淑妃), the first rank among consorts. She was described as alert, capable of dancing and playing the pipa. He became so infatuated with her that they went everywhere together and swore to heaven that they wanted to live together and die together.

paragraph: In winter 576, rival Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou launched a major attack on Northern Qi, capturing the important city of Pingyang (平陽, in modern Linfen, Shanxi). At that time, Gao Wei and Consort Feng were on a hunt at Qilian Lake (祁連池, in modern Xinzhou, Shanxi), and when Gao Wei learned that Pingyang had fallen, he wanted to rush to recapture it, but Consort Feng wanted to hunt for one more round, so he agreed. When he eventually gathered his troops, he put Pingyang under siege, intending to recapture it. The Northern Qi forces sieged Pingyang with all effort—and after several days, were able to breach the wall—but at this point, Gao Wei stopped his attack and summoned Consort Feng so she could witness the fall of the city. When she arrived, however, Northern Zhou forces had already filled in the breach, and therefore held the city.

paragraph: Around the new year 577, Northern Zhou's Emperor Wu led an army intending to lift the siege on Pingyang. Gao Wei engaged him. As soon as the armies engaged, though, Consort Feng misinterpreted a slight backoff by part of the Northern Qi army and panicked, yelling, "We have been defeated!" This caused Gao Wei's official Mu Tipo to panick as well, and together they persuaded Gao Wei to abandon the army. The army collapsed after the emperor left. Gao Wei and Consort Feng then fled north to the secondary capital Jinyang (晉陽, in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi). (Gao Wei had intended to claim, if Pingyang had been captured, that it was the achievement of Consort Feng and then create her "Left Empress," and so had ordered his eunuchs to retrieve ceremonial clothes for an empress from Jinyang; on the way back to Jinyang, they met the eunuch, and despite the defeat, Gao Wei nevertheless had Consort Feng put on the empress's ceremonial clothes, although he did not create her Left Empress as he intended.) Once at Jinyang, Gao Wei had no will to resist Northern Zhou, and he fled back to the capital Yecheng (鄴城, in modern Handan, Hebei) with Consort Feng.

paragraph: Once Gao Wei was back at Yecheng, in order to ward off an ill omen, he passed the throne to his son and crown prince Gao Heng (Empress Mu's son), taking the title "Taishang Huang" (retired emperor) but retaining imperial powers. Soon, he abandoned Yecheng, and fled south with his mother Grand Empress Dowager Hu, Empress Mu, Consort Feng, and the young emperor Gao Heng, but they were soon captured by Northern Zhou forces and taken back to Yecheng. Northern Zhou seized Northern Qi's territory. Later in the year, when Emperor Wu returned to the Northern Zhou capital Chang'an, he took Gao Wei and members of the Gao clan with him. Once at Chang'an, Gao Wei, who was created the Duke of Wen by Emperor Wu, requested to have Consort Feng back. Emperor Wu stated, "I view the world as a broken sandal, and how would I hold back this old woman from you, Duke?" He returned Consort Feng to Gao Wei.

paragraph: In winter 577, Emperor Wu, apprehensive of the Gao clan, falsely accused Gao Wei of conspiring with Mu Tipo to rebel. Gao Wei and the other members of the Gao clan were forced to commit suicide. Emperor Wu awarded Lady Feng to his younger brother, Yuwen Da (宇文達) the Prince of Dai, as a concubine. Yuwen Da greatly favored her; however, once, when she accidentally broke a pipa string, she, lamenting Gao Wei, wrote a poem that read:

paragraph: While being Yuwen Da's concubine, she made accusations against Yuwen Da's wife Princess Li, nearly leading to Princess Li's death. After the death of Emperor Wu's son and successor Emperor Xuan in 580, Emperor Xuan's father-in-law Yang Jian became regent over his son Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou. Several imperial princes of the Yuwen clan believed that Yang had designs on the throne but failed in a plot to kill him. After the plot, he began executing the imperial princes in earnest, and around the new year 581, he executed Yuwen Da and Yuwen Da's sons. He awarded Lady Feng to the official Li Xun (李詢) -- who happened to be Princess Li's brother. Li Xun's and Princess Li's mother, in order to avenge her daughter, humiliated Lady Feng by forcing her to wear rough clothes and grind grains. Lady Feng committed suicide.

description: Chinese empress

wikidata_label: Feng Xiaolian

wikipedia_title: Feng Xiaolian


text: professional baseball

text: manager

text: coach

text: Arizona Diamondbacks

text: Major League Baseball

text: catcher

text: Texas Rangers

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: Goldsboro, North Carolina

text: Christian Zionist

text: Sam Narron

text: Goldsboro High School

text: East Carolina University

text: New York Yankees

text: 1974 Major League Baseball Draft

text: Johnny

text: Johnson City Cardinals

text: Appalachian League

text: West Haven Yankees

text: Eastern League

text: Thurman Munson

text: Seattle Mariners

text: Juan Beniquez

text: Rick Anderson

text: Jim Beattie

text: Jim Lewis

text: Ruppert Jones

text: free agent

text: California Angels

text: Spokane Indians

text: Pacific Coast League

text: Edmonton Trappers

text: intentional walk

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: farm system

text: Frederick Keys

text: Hagerstown Suns

text: Rochester Red Wings

text: Johnny Oates

text: Texas Rangers

text: Buck Showalter

text: Boston Red Sox

text: ALCS

text: Pete Mackanin

text: special assignments scout

text: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Reno Aces

text: Arizona Diamondbacks

text: Ron Gardenhire

text: prostate cancer

text: Arnona

text: Johnny

text: Sam W. Narron

text: Sam F. Narron

text: Retrosheet

categories: Major League Baseball bench coaches,Edmonton Trappers players,Arizona Diamondbacks coaches,Minor league baseball managers,Texas Rangers managers,Cincinnati Reds coaches,Rochester Red Wings players,People from Goldsboro, North Carolina,Milwaukee Brewers coaches,Johnson City Yankees players,Calgary Cannons players,New York Yankees players,1956 births,Boston Red Sox coaches,Major League Baseball third base coaches,Rochester Red Wings managers,Baltimore Orioles coaches,Baseball players from North Carolina,Tacoma Yankees players,Major League Baseball catchers,California Angels players,Spokane Indians players,Seattle Mariners players,Cincinnati Reds managers,Living people,Reno Aces players,East Carolina Pirates baseball players,Fort Lauderdale Yankees players

paragraph: Jerry Narron

paragraph: Jerry Austin Narron (born January 15, 1956) is an American professional baseball player, manager, and coach. He is the bench coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB).

paragraph: During an eight-year playing career, primarily as a catcher, he played from 1979 to 1987 for three major league teams. He managed from 2001 to 2007 for the Texas Rangers and the Cincinnati Reds. Narron was the third base coach for Israel at the 2017 World Baseball Classic.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Narron was born in Goldsboro, North Carolina. He is a Christian Zionist. His father John was employed as a salesman and floor layer for the Isaacs-Kahn Furniture Company in Goldsboro. He is a nephew of former major league catcher Sam Narron.

paragraph: Through his childhood he played baseball at the Wayne County Boys Club, and attended Goldsboro High School where he played baseball, basketball, and football, and graduated in 1974. He went to college at East Carolina University.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Narron played in the major leagues for eight seasons with three different teams: the New York Yankees (1979), Seattle Mariners (1980-81, 1987), and California Angels (1983-86).

paragraph: He was drafted out of high school in the sixth round by the New York Yankees in the 1974 Major League Baseball Draft. He played alongside brother Johnny for the Johnson City Cardinals in the Rookie Appalachian League during his first professional season in 1974, batting .301. In 1977, playing for the West Haven Yankees of the AA Eastern League, he batted .299 (8th best in the league) with 28 home runs (2nd in the league) and 93 RBIs (3rd in the league) in 438 at bats.

paragraph: He made his Major League debut on April 13, 1979. Narron played for the Yankees as the backup catcher to Thurman Munson, who died in a plane crash in August 1979. He was the Yankees' starting catcher the day after Munson's death, and remained in the dugout during the pregame ceremonies, leaving the catcher's position empty, out of respect for Munson.

paragraph: In November 1979 Narron was traded by the Yankees to the Seattle Mariners with Juan Beniquez, Rick Anderson, and Jim Beattie for Jim Lewis and Ruppert Jones.

paragraph: He was released by the Mariners in March 1982, and signed two days later as a free agent by the California Angels, for whom he played. Playing for the Spokane Indians in the AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL) in 1982, he batted .311 in 408 at bats. In 1983, playing for the Edmonton Trappers of the PCL, he batted .301 with 27 home runs (4th in the league) and 102 RBIs (6th in the league) in 539 at bats, while leading the league with 15 intentional walks. He was released by the Angels in April 1987, and signed later that month by the Seattle Mariners, who in turn released him the following November. He retired as a player in 1989.

paragraph: Section::::Managing and coaching history.:Minor and major leagues.

paragraph: Narron was a manager in the Baltimore Orioles farm system from 1989 through 1992; of the Class A Frederick Keys (1989), AA Hagerstown Suns (1990-91), and AAA Rochester Red Wings (1992), with a record of 291-269 (.520). He was then hired as a coach for the Orioles by skipper Johnny Oates. After two seasons in Baltimore, he moved with Oates to the Texas Rangers.

paragraph: Narron was third-base coach for the Rangers from 1995 until he was named Interim Manager May 4, 2001, after the firing of manager Johnny Oates. He had the interim tag removed and managed the team during the 2002 campaign. He was replaced in Texas by Buck Showalter in December 2002.

paragraph: Narron then served as bench coach for the Boston Red Sox during their 2003 run to the ALCS, and performed the same role for Cincinnati in 2004–05.

paragraph: Narron was named as the Reds' Interim Manager on June 20, 2005. On September 29 of that year, his contract was extended to cover the 2006 season with a mutual option for 2007. Narron was fired as manager of the Reds on July 1, 2007. The Reds named advance scout Pete Mackanin as the interim manager. Narron's record with the Reds was 157–179.

paragraph: On February 25, 2008, Narron was named a special assignments scout and front-office consultant with the Rangers.

paragraph: Narron served as bench coach for the Milwaukee Brewers from 2011-15.

paragraph: Narron was hired to be the 2017 manager of the Reno Aces on December 30, 2016.

paragraph: After the first seven games of the 2017 season, Narron took over as interim bench coach of the major league Arizona Diamondbacks, when bench coach Ron Gardenhire left the team on a leave of absence to have and recover from prostate cancer surgery.

paragraph: Section::::Managing and coaching history.:Team Israel; World Baseball Classic.

paragraph: Narron was the third base coach for Israel at the 2017 World Baseball Classic qualifier. Narron, whose daughter Callie lives in the Arnona neighborhood of Jerusalem, Israel, with her husband (Devin Mitchell) and two children (Aviel and Lydia), said: "I love the game, I love the Jewish people and I love Israel".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Narron is married to Donna Narron. He has seven children, five of his own Callie, Caitlyn, Clare, Cara, and Connor and two stepchildren, Hunter and Chelsy. Connor was the fourth-ranked prospect for the high school class of 2010 by ESPN's Perfect Game. The Orioles selected Connor in the fifth round of the Major League Baseball Amateur draft. Narron's brother, Johnny was the hitting coach for the Milwaukee Brewers from 2012–2014. Narron is the nephew of former Major League catcher and coach Sam W. Narron, and cousin of pitcher Sam F. Narron.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American baseball player, coach and manager

wikidata_label: Jerry Narron

wikipedia_title: Jerry Narron


text:
Hunan
Zixing
Communist Party of China
Anhui
Shandong
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution

categories: People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan,Political office-holders in Shandong,Politicians from Chenzhou,Communist Party of China politicians from Hunan,Governors of Anhui,1968 deaths,1904 births,Political office-holders in Anhui

paragraph: Zeng Xisheng

paragraph: Zeng Xisheng () (October 11, 1904 – July 15, 1968) was a Chinese politician. He was born in Xingning, Hunan Province (now Zixing, Hunan Province). He was the first Communist Party of China Committee Secretary of Anhui Province and also its 1st governor after the founding of the People's Republic of China. He was the 5th Communist Party Secretary of Shandong Province.

paragraph: Zeng fervently supported the policies of the Great Leap Forward, but his political fortunes were short-lived. In 1962 he was transferred out of Anhui to take on the office of Second Secretary of the Southeast Bureau, in reality a powerless post. He died in 1968 during the Cultural Revolution.

wikidata_label: Zeng Xisheng

wikipedia_title: Zeng Xisheng


text: El Centro

text: inventor

text: entrepreneur

text: published author

text: wireless radio

text: Chief Executive Officer

text: Silicon Valley

text: Micrel Corporation

text: Microchip Technology

text: Brigham Young University

text: San Jose State University

text: Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation

text: Teledyne Inc.

text: Wafer Stepper

text: initial public offering

text: retinal vein occlusion

text: Microchip Technology

text: receiver

text: Transmitter

text: Frequency hopping

text: Hedy Lamarr

text: George Antheil

text: remote control

text: encode

text: two-way radio

text: McGraw Hill Education

text: Self-discipline

text: T.J. Rodgers

text: Cypress Semiconductor Corp

text: Greg McKeown

text: Southern Virginia University

categories: 1937 births,American computer businesspeople,Technology company founders,People from El Centro, California,Living people

paragraph: Ray Zinn

paragraph: Raymond D. "Ray" Zinn (born in El Centro, California, US, on September 24, 1937) is an inventor, entrepreneur and published author. In addition to a number of significant inventions improving wireless radio (RF) communication and voltage/power regulation devices, he is also the longest serving Chief Executive Officer of a Silicon Valley company (Micrel Corporation, acquired in 2015 by Microchip Technology).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born on September 24, 1937, to Milton and Pauline Zinn, Ray Zinn grew up on a cattle ranch in the farming community of El Centro, CA. The eldest of 11 children, including six sisters and four brothers, Zinn was raised Mormon, and a strong work ethic was instilled at an early age by his parents. When he was four, his mother sent him to the store to lug home heavy bottles of milk. He had a driver's license at 13 to chauffeur his siblings in a Ford pickup and work with water management officials in the dead of night to assure the family ranch received their allocation. "Work becomes instilled in you from an early age. So if somebody asks me how 'success' is spelled, I tell them it's spelled W-O-R-K."

paragraph: Throughout his high school and college years, Zinn was an accomplished gymnast, hurdler and member of the track and field team.

paragraph: During his junior year in college, he told his father he was quitting school and his father locked him naked, wrapped in a paper towel diaper, in the ranch office restroom for six hours. Zinn's father was giving his son a lesson about what it meant to cut short his education. "He was saying, 'Well, if you're going to quit school, you're going out in the world the way you came in.' He wanted me to think about living with decisions," Zinn said. Ray Zinn changed his mind and finished college.

paragraph: He graduated from Brigham Young University in 1960 with a BS in Industrial Management, and an MS in Business Administration from San Jose State University in 1968.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Before College, Zinn started at a janitorial business, working through sewage and waste on his spare time. He started out with a few years of experience, and quickly learned the way of maintaining hygiene. Although he started out with these humble beginnings, he wanted to be less like his father. His father and family had a long line of doing sanitation services throughout the bay area.

paragraph: After college, Zinn moved to the San Francisco Bay area, where high-tech companies were gaining traction. His interest in the space program and the desire to become an astronaut landed him a position at rocket motor manufacturing, United Technologies. Later, Zinn became interested in semiconductors through his father-in-law, who worked at Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation and joined the company as an engineer in 1963.

paragraph: He left Fairchild in 1968 and subsequently held various executive management positions at several semiconductor-related companies, including Teledyne Inc. (1966–69), Nortek Inc. (1971-73) and Electromask TRE (1973–76). During this period, and later through Micrel, Zinn worked nearly every aspect of semiconductor management; sales, marketing, finance, accounting, wafer fab operations, assembly, packaging, test, quality assurance, and design.

paragraph: While working as a sales representative at Electromask, Zinn conceptualized the Wafer Stepper and sold it, before it had been designed or engineered, to Texas Instruments. According to Zinn, this unauthorized selling of equipment that had not yet been designed caused his boss at Electromask to tell him "You really shouldn’t work for anybody else." Due to Electromask's partnership with IBM and that company's commitment to e-beam technology, Electromask never sought or acquired the patents for the Wafer Stepper.

paragraph: Section::::Micrel.

paragraph: Along with his friend Warren Muller, Zinn founded semiconductor company Micrel in 1978. The pair used $300,000 in savings and bank loans to found the company, eschewing the financial support of venture capitalists. "I wanted control of my destiny and to do it my way." Zinn's desire to remain independent led him at one time to personally guarantee $4 million in bank loans to keep Micrel afloat.

paragraph: Under Zinn's leadership, Micrel was profitable in its first year, and for 36 of its 37 years. Zinn credits this success to the company's disciplined focus on profitability. Micrel was also credited with having the lowest employee turn-over in the semiconductor industry and, though it is an unofficial measure, the highest "boomerang" employee rate, the rate at which employees who leave the company return.

paragraph: During an investor "roadshow" promoting Micrel's initial public offering in London, England, Zinn suffered a retinal vein occlusion which reduced his vision to 20/400, making Zinn legally blind. Zinn resisted turning control of Micrel over to another CEO. Instead, Zinn took advantage of every technology he could to compensate for his limited eyesight. Zinn continued to lead Micrel for another 20 years.

paragraph: Zinn established a unique corporate culture at Micrel, which included unusual guidelines such as his "no swearing" policy. Swearing or using condescending language at the company was banned. Workers were also urged to be honest, show integrity and respect others at the company. "We believe that work should be an extension of the home." Micrel's humanistic corporate culture has been referred "an almost spiritual approach to doing business."

paragraph: Micrel was sold to Microchip Technology in 2015. Zinn was profiled in Sand Hill's leadership series because of the leadership ability demonstrated throughout his tenure as founder and CEO of Micrel.

paragraph: Section::::Micrel.:Key dates.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 Micrel is founded.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 Micrel acquires a fabrication facility.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 Micrel completes its initial public offering of stock.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 A $41 million loss halts 22 years of consecutive profits.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 Micrel sold to Microchip.

paragraph: Section::::Inventions and patents.

paragraph: One of Zinn's most significant inventions includes a method allowing radio devices to operate without the need to synchronize a receiver with a Transmitter. Using Frequency hopping (an idea originally co-created by Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil) and sweep modes, this method is primarily applied in low data rate wireless applications such as utility metering, machine and equipment monitoring and metering, and remote control. In 2006 Zinn received for his ""Wireless device and method using frequency hopping and sweep modes"."

paragraph: Zinn also invented a method to quickly encode and/or decode RF signals. This technology forms the core of a number of devices, including (but not limited to) garage door openers and accompanying remote access; security or alarm systems and a remote access to activate and deactivate the security system; and low power, two-way radio communication devices.

paragraph: Section::::Inventions and patents.:Other inventions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A transmitter power level optimization and error correction technique for battery-operated RF transceivers which adjust the transmit power in transceivers to an optimal level to conserve battery life.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voltage regulators (including voltage regulators having pulse width modulation or PWM and a low drop out or LDO modes) as well as a hybrid voltage regulator containing a switching regulator and a linear regulator for converting an unregulated voltage, such as a battery voltage, to a regulated DC voltage of a desired value.

paragraph: Zinn is also accredited with the development of the "analog control of a digital decision process", an achievement he shares with "Peter Chambers" and "Scott Brown"; a "pulse frequency modulated voltage regulator with linear regulator control" (in collaboration with "Charles L. Vinn"), as well as:

paragraph: BULLET::::- An apparatus for converting voltage with regulator

paragraph: BULLET::::- A circuit having trim pads formed in scribe channel, and

paragraph: BULLET::::- A voltage regulation system

paragraph: Section::::Authorship.

paragraph: In 2015, Zinn wrote "Tough Things First" (Published by McGraw Hill Education), in which he distilled his knowledge of leadership and management. "Tough Things First" is an autobiographical treatise on the interaction of people, management, and leadership, Self-discipline and organization discipline, and the mechanics of enterprises.

paragraph: In 2018, Zinn wrote "Zen of Zinn", in which he discusses the interrelationships of people, society, entrepreneurship, business, leadership and life

paragraph: Section::::Critical response to works.

paragraph: T.J. Rodgers, President & CEO, Cypress Semiconductor Corp

paragraph: "Tough Things First is not a typical business book about a market success or effective business methods. It is about the success of one Silicon Valley startup company, Micrel, which has been run profitably by the same CEO/founder for 36 years. It is about how a founder's dedication to basic principles is required to make any startup successful. The precise recipe for success may change—for example, my 32-year-old company, Cypress Semiconductor, used venture funding, while Zinn preached and achieved financial independence—but Zinn shows how startups must have and truly practice their core values to succeed."

paragraph: Greg McKeown, Author of the New York Times bestseller "Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less".

paragraph: "The disciplined pursuit of what is essential is ten times harder than the undisciplined pursuit of the nonessential but it is a hundred times more valuable. This is brilliantly illustrated in Tough Things First."

paragraph: Reed Wilcox, President of Southern Virginia University said of "Tough Things First" "Many business self-help books are by experts who study and talk to the people who actually do it, but have not lived it themselves. It's not in their blood. This is very different. I have not seen a better, more practical, more realistic, more helpful, or more engaging invitation to entrepreneurship."

paragraph: Section::::China.

paragraph: Zinn has been a vocal advocate of disengaging the technology industry from China. He coined the phrase "Chinexit" to describe the act of moving business operations out of China. Zinn has stated that "Unimpeded, China will control major parts of the entire electronics supply chain and, in effect, control much of the world." Zinn's company, Micrel, was notable in the semiconductor industry for not having fabrication facilities in China.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leadership Advice of Micrel CEO Ray Zinn, a "Man for all Seasons" in Business

wikidata_label: Ray Zinn

wikipedia_title: Ray Zinn


text: Sint-Niklaas

text: Herrerías

text: Belgian

text: Spanish

text: archaeologist

text: illustrator

text: Belgium

text: Cuevas del Almanzora

text: Almería

text: Mining Engineer

text: Henri Siret

text: Neolithic

text: Chalcolithic

text: Bronze Age

text: Almizaraque

text: Palacés

text: El Argar

text: El Gárcel

text: Los Millares

text: Iberian Peninsula

text: Palaeolithic

text: Iron Age

text: Exposition universelle de Paris

text: Exposición Universal de Barcelona

text: Museo arqueológico Nacional

text: Musée du Cinquantenaire

text: British Museum

text: Ashmolean Museum

text: Biografía

text: Biografía de Canalsur

text: Biografía de lycos

categories: Belgian archaeologists,People from Sint-Niklaas,Spanish people of Belgian descent,Belgian scientists,Spanish scientists,Spanish archaeologists,1934 deaths,1860 births

paragraph: Luis Siret

paragraph: Luis Siret y Cels (Sint-Niklaas, 26 August 1860 – Herrerías, 7 June 1934) was a Belgian-Spanish archaeologist and illustrator.

paragraph: He was born in Belgium, but when he was 21 he went to Cuevas del Almanzora (Almería) when he was contracted as a Mining Engineer in the Sierra Almagrera.

paragraph: Though 50 years, Luis Siret and his brother Henri Siret investigated Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age sites in Almizaraque, Palacés, El Argar, El Gárcel or Los Millares. His discoveries meant a great advance in the prehistory of the South-eastern Iberian Peninsula and helped settle the sequence from Palaeolithic to Iron Age in the zone.

paragraph: Material which he collected was exhibited in 1889 Exposition universelle de Paris and 1929 Exposición Universal de Barcelona. Items are currently exhibited in the Museo Arqueológico Provincial de Almería, in the Museo arqueológico Nacional in Madrid, in the Musée du Cinquantenaire in Brussels and several other important collections including the British Museum in London and the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herguido, Carlos, (1994), Apuntes y documentos sobre Enrique y Luis Siret, ingenieros y arqueólogos. Instituto de Estudios Almerienses y Ayuntamiento de Cuevas del Almanzora, Almería.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herguido, Carlos (ERRATA): http://1drv.ms/1q0FWNb

paragraph: BULLET::::- Siret, Luis y Enrique (2006), Las Primeras Edades del Metal en el Sudeste de España (Facsímil ed.), Museo Arqueológico de Murcia, Murcia, España, MU-584-2006 [9 de julio de 2007]

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arqueomurcia.com - Tu portal de Arqueología en la Región de Murcia at www.arqueomurcia.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrimur.com - El portal de Patrimonio de la Región de Murcia at patrimur.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biografía

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biografía de Canalsur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biografía de lycos

description: archaeologist, illustrator

wikidata_label: Luis Siret

wikipedia_title: Luis Siret


text:
Doonbeg
County Clare
Ireland
American
track and field athlete
Irish American Athletic Club
New York City Police Department
Times Square
Irish-American
Irish Whales
1912 Summer Olympics
Stockholm
Sweden
Ralph Rose
1920 Summer Olympics
Antwerp
Belgium
Gate of Heaven Cemetery
Hawthorne, New York
National Track and Field Hall of Fame
Spring 3100
Archives of Irish America - NYU
Sports-reference profile
Olympic biography and photos
Winged Fist Organization

categories: Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics,American people of Irish descent,Athletes (track and field) at the 1920 Summer Olympics,1878 births,Sportspeople from New York City,Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Irish male shot putters,Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,American male shot putters,Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field,1954 deaths,Sportspeople from County Clare,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field,Weight throwers,New York City Police Department officers,Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)

paragraph: Pat McDonald (athlete)

paragraph: Patrick Joseph "Pat" McDonald (born "McDonnell;" July 29, 1878 – May 16, 1954) was born in Doonbeg, County Clare, Ireland. He competed as an American track and field athlete in a variety of the throwing events. He was a member of the Irish American Athletic Club and of the New York City Police Department, working as a traffic cop in Times Square for many years. He was part of a group of Irish-American athletes known as the "Irish Whales."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He competed for the United States in the 1912 Summer Olympics held in Stockholm, Sweden in the shot put where he won the gold medal. He also took part in the shot put (both hands) competition where the distance thrown with each hand was added together. This was the only time this event was held in the Olympic program, and McDonald finished second behind teammate Ralph Rose who had finished second to him in the shot competition.

paragraph: McDonald returned 8 years later after World War I to compete in the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. Here he won the Gold medal in the 56 lb weight throw in the second and final time this competition was held in the Olympic program.

paragraph: Pat McDonald died in 1954 at age 75 and was interred at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York.

paragraph: He was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.wingedfist.org/assets/Pat_McDonald_Sprin_3100.pdf Police Athletes of the Past: Patrick Mcdonald - "Spring 3100"]

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archives of Irish America - NYU

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sports-reference profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympic biography and photos

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winged Fist Organization

alias:
Patrick Joseph McDonnell
Babe McDonald

description: Olympic shot putter

wikidata_label: Pat McDonald

wikipedia_title: Pat McDonald (athlete)


text:
Greek
epithet
Prakrit
Kharoshti
Indo-Greek
Bopearachchi
Taxila
Punjab
Sindh
Gujarat
W. W. Tarn
Demetrius I of Bactria
Greco-Bactrian
India
Antimachus II
Menander I
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Indo-Greeks
Sindh
Gujarat
Periplus
Indian Ocean
Bharuch
Strabo
Indus
Taxila
Buddha
Queen Maya
Buddhism
Shiva
Hinduism
Foucher
Vesak
Taurus
stupa
arched-hill symbol
Chaitya
Mauryan Empire
Taxila
Kuninda kingdom
zebu
nandipada
Nandi
Shiva
Hinduism
Zeionises
Vima Kadphises
stupa
Apollo
Pallas Athene
Nike
Diadoch
Lysimachus
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Seleucid Empire
Greco-Buddhism
Indo-Scythians
Indo-Parthian Kingdom
Kushan Empire
Coins of Apollodotus
More coins of Apollodotus

categories: 2nd-century BC Indian monarchs,Indo-Greek kings,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Apollodotus I

paragraph: Apollodotus I Soter (Greek: ; the epithet means the "Saviour"; Prakrit in the Kharoshti script: "maharajasa apaladatasa tratarasa") was an Indo-Greek king between 180 BCE and 160 BCE or between 174 and 165 BCE (first dating Osmund Bopearachchi and R. C. Senior, second dating Boperachchi) who ruled the western and southern parts of the Indo-Greek kingdom, from Taxila in Punjab to the areas of Sindh and possibly Gujarat.

paragraph: Section::::Ruler of the Indo-Greek kingdom.

paragraph: Apollodotus was not the first to strike bilingual coins outside Bactria, but he was the first king who ruled in India only, and therefore the founder of the proper Indo-Greek kingdom. According to W. W. Tarn, Apollodotus I was one of the generals of Demetrius I of Bactria, the Greco-Bactrian king who invaded northwestern India after 180 BCE. Tarn was uncertain whether he was a member of the royal house. Later authors largely agree with Tarn's analysis, though with perhaps even more uncertainty regarding who the king was, for his coins do not give many hints.

paragraph: Apollodotus was either succeeded in India by Antimachus II, or the two kings were contemporary, Antimachus II ruling the more western territories closer to Bactria. Eventually Apollodotus I was succeeded by Menander I, and the two kings are mentioned by Pompejus Trogus as important Indo-Greek rulers.

paragraph: The 1st-2nd century CE "Periplus of the Erythraean Sea" further testifies to the reign of Apollodotus I and the influence of the Indo-Greeks in India:

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: The coinage of Apollodotus is, together with that of Menander, one of the most abundant of the Indo-Greek kings. It is found mainly in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh and Gujarat, indicating the southern limit of the Indo-Greek expansion in India. This is also suggested by the Periplus, a 1st-century CE document on trade in the Indian Ocean, which describes the remnants of Greek presence (shrines, barracks, wells, coinage) in the strategic port of Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat. Strabo (XI) also describes the occupation of Patalene (Indus Delta country). While Sindh may have come under his possession, it is not known whether Apollodotus advanced to Gujarat, where the Satavahanas ruled.

paragraph: Apollodotus also issued a great number of bilingual Indian-standard square coins. Besides the usual royal title, the exact significance of the animals depicted on the coins is unclear. The sacred elephant may be the symbol of the city of Taxila, or possibly the symbol of the white elephant who reputedly entered the womb of the mother of the Buddha, Queen Maya, in a dream, which would make it a symbol of Buddhism, one of the main religions of the Indo-Greek territories.

paragraph: Similarly, the sacred bull on the reverse may be a symbol of a city (Pushkhalavati), or a depiction of Shiva, making it a symbol of Hinduism, the other major religion at that time. The bull is often represented in a clearly erectile state, which reinforces its interpretation as a representation of Shiva. Conversely, this also reinforces the interpretation of the elephant as a religious symbol. Alternatively, the Bull, according to Foucher, represents the birth of the Buddha, as it happened during the month of "Vaicakha" (April–May), known to Buddhists as Vesak, under the zodiacal sign of the Taurus, during the full moon. The enlightenment and passing of the Buddha also occurred during the Taurus full moon.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.:Buddhist and Hindu symbolism.

paragraph: Before their design was eventually simplified, some of the earlier coins of king Apollodotus directly associate the elephant with Buddhist symbolism, such as the stupa hill (arched-hill symbol) surmounted by a crescent or a star (the Chaitya symbol), also seen, for example on the coins of the Mauryan Empire, many local coins of Taxila or those of the later Kuninda kingdom.

paragraph: Also the zebu bull on the reverse is often shown with a nandipada taurine mark on its hump on the less-worn coins, which reinforces the role of the animal as a symbol, religious or geographic, rather than just the depiction of an animal for decorative purposes. The nandipada and the zebu bull are generally associated with Nandi, Shiva's humped bull in Hinduism. The same association was made later on coins of Zeionises or Vima Kadphises. The elephant, pendant to the bull, and shown with a girdle on the obverse, also must have a symbolic role, possibly Buddhism, as it was associated with the stupa hill in the earliest coins of Apollodotus.

paragraph: Apollodotus experimented with different coin standards for his silver, until he settled for a standard lighter than the Attic which would prevail for centuries, though later rulers usually struck round coins instead of the square (typically Indian) shape of most of Apollodotus' silver. He issued a number of bronzes with Apollo/tripod, that also were repeated for centuries.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.:Bactrian coins.

paragraph: Apollodotus also issued a small series of monolingual Attic tetradrachms, intended for export into Bactria. For these, Apollodotus I clearly used Bactrian celators to strike an exquisite realistic portrait of the king as an aged man in the Macedonian hat called kausia, with a reverse of sitting Pallas Athene holding Nike, a common Hellenistic motif introduced by the Diadoch Lysimachus. On these coins, he used no epithet.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seleucid Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greco-Buddhism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indo-Scythians

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indo-Parthian Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kushan Empire

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tarn, William Woodthorpe. "The Greeks in Bactria and India". Cambridge University Press, 1938.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Apollodotus

paragraph: BULLET::::- More coins of Apollodotus

description: Indo-Greek king, Founder of the Indo-Greek kingdom

wikidata_label: Apollodotus I

wikipedia_title: Apollodotus I


text:
stock car racing
NASCAR K&N Pro Series West
Chevrolet SS
Levin Racing
K&N Pro Series West
Kern County Raceway Park
Blaine Perkins
Julia Landauer
Tucson, Arizona

categories: Racing drivers from Arizona,NASCAR drivers,21st-century American racing drivers,Sportspeople from Tucson, Arizona,1975 births,Living people

paragraph: Matt Levin

paragraph: Matt Levin (born January 8, 1975) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West, driving the No. 10 Chevrolet SS for Levin Racing.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Levin debuted in the K&N Pro Series West in March 2015 at Kern County Raceway Park.

paragraph: During the NAPA Auto Parts 150 at Kern County in April 2016, Levin was involved in a spectacular accident just as they were taking a late restart. After Blaine Perkins got spun by Julia Landauer, Levin spun her out in reaction and then while trying to get away, made contact with Perkins and tipped over onto his roof. He climbed from the wreckage without injury.

paragraph: In 2019, Levin scored his first career top-five finish at his home track in Tucson.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Matt Levin is from Tucson, Arizona.

description: American racecar driver

wikidata_label: Matt Levin

wikipedia_title: Matt Levin


text:
racecar
American Stock Car Challenge
K&N Pro Series West
Toyota Camry
San Ramon, California

categories: NASCAR drivers,Racing drivers from California,Sportspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area,21st-century American racing drivers,1971 births,People from San Ramon, California,Living people

paragraph: Scott Ivie

paragraph: Scott Ivie is an American racecar driver. He is a former two time American Stock Car Challenge champion. He currently races in the K&N Pro Series West, driving the No. 47 MSI Development Inc. Toyota Camry. He lives in San Ramon, California.

description: American racecar driver

wikidata_label: Scott Ivie

wikipedia_title: Scott Ivie