text: CBE

text: Battersea

text: London

text: Hampton

text: jazz guitar

text: Django Reinhardt

text: Eddie Lang

text: Royal College of Music

text: Cheltenham

text: Wigmore Hall

text: national service

text: Pay Corps

text: Royal Artillery Band

text: Woolwich

text: BBC

text: recital

text: Wigmore Hall

text: Elizabethan era

text: Far East

text: Pacific Islands

text: Peabody Mason Concert

text: master class

text: Wiltshire

text: RCA Victor

text: EMI Classics

text: Best Chamber Music Performance

text: Johann Sebastian Bach

text: City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra

text: Simon Rattle

text: Channel 4

text: Tōru Takemitsu

text: London Symphony Orchestra

text: Hong Kong

text: Taiwan

text: Korea

text: Japan

text: Albéniz

text: Iberia

text: the Proms

text: Turkey

text: Israel

text: Don Juan DeMarco

text: Cheltenham Town Hall

text: This Is Your Life

text: Queen Elizabeth Hall

text: St. John's, Smith Square

text: Academy of St. Martin in the Fields

text: Aldeburgh

text: Spanish

text: Andrés Segovia

text: Francisco Tárrega

text: timbre

text: Malcolm Arnold

text: Richard Rodney Bennett

text: Benjamin Britten

text: Leo Brouwer

text: Peter Racine Fricker

text: Hans Werner Henze

text: Humphrey Searle

text: Toru Takemitsu

text: Michael Tippett

text: William Walton

text: Peter Maxwell Davies

text: Nocturnal

text: John Dowland

text: Peter Pears

text: Elizabethan music

text: John Williams

text: Officer of the Order of the British Empire

text: Commander of the Order of the British Empire

text: Universities of Surrey

text: Leeds

text: Royal Northern College of Music

text: Royal Philharmonic Society

text: cricket

text: MCC

text: Igor Stravinsky

text: Semley

text: Wiltshire

text: Donhead St Andrew

text: Reginald Smith Brindle

text: Lennox Berkeley

text: Benjamin Britten

text: Songs from the Chinese

text: Hans Werner Henze

text: Denis ApIvor

text: Tristram Cary

text: Malcolm Arnold

text: Benjamin Britten

text: Nocturnal after John Dowland

text: Richard Rodney Bennett

text: Tom Eastwood

text: Peter Racine Fricker

text: Reginald Smith Brindle

text: Richard Rodney Bennett

text: Malcolm Arnold

text: Alan Rawsthorne

text: William Walton

text: Humphrey Searle

text: Lennox Berkeley

text: Hans Werner Henze

text: Royal Winter Music

text: Giles Swayne

text: Peter Maxwell Davies

text: Michael Berkeley

text: Richard Rodney Bennett

text: Michael Tippett

text: Giles Swayne

text: Leo Brouwer

text: Toru Takemitsu

text: Leo Brouwer

text: Peter Maxwell Davies

text: Toru Takemitsu

text: Harrison Birtwistle

text: Leo Brouwer

text: Order of the British Empire

text: Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance

text: Grammy Awards of 1964

text: Royal Academy of Music

text: Grammy Awards of 1967

text: University of Surrey

text: Edison Award

text: Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra)

text: Grammy Awards of 1972

text: André Previn

text: London Symphony Orchestra

text: Villa-Lobos

text: Edison Award

text: Grammy Awards of 1973

text: John Williams

text: Lawes

text: Carulli

text: Albéniz

text: Granados

text: Royal College of Music

text: Royal Northern College of Music

text: University of Leeds

text: Royal Philharmonic Society

text: London Guildhall University

text: Open University

text: Gramophone Classical Music Awards

text: Peter Pears

text: George Malcolm

text: Peggy Ashcroft

text: Simon Rattle

text: City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra

text: André Previn

text: London Symphony Orchestra

text: John Williams

text: Peter Sensier

text: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

text: Tony Palmer

text: Daniel Meadows

text: Julian Bream's myspace page

text: Biography

text: Some photos of LP covers

categories: Academics of the Royal Academy of Music,English male guitarists,Musicians from London,English classical guitarists,1933 births,British performers of early music,Grammy Award winners,Benjamin Britten,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music,Living people,English lutenists,Honorary Members of the Royal Philharmonic Society

paragraph: Julian Bream

paragraph: Julian Alexander Bream, CBE (born 15 July 1933), is an English virtuoso classical guitarist and lutenist. One of the most distinguished classical guitarists of the 20th century, he played a significant role in improving the public perception of the classical guitar as a respectable instrument.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Bream was born in Battersea, London, and brought up in a musical environment in Hampton. Bream described his parents as both "conventional suburban", but in another way "very unusual". His father was a commercial artist, with an "extraordinary talent for drawing" and a "natural musician" according to Bream. Bream would lie under the piano in "ecstasy" when his father played. His mother, of Scottish descent, was a very beautiful woman who was often, according to Bream, "not always there" mentally and did not like music, but was a warm-hearted person. His grandmother owned a pub in Battersea, and Bream spent much time there during his youth. His father played jazz guitar and the young Bream was impressed by hearing the playing of Django Reinhardt; he would later call his dog "Django".

paragraph: Bream began his lifelong association with the guitar by strumming along on his father's jazz guitar at an early age to dance music on the radio. He became frustrated with his lack of knowledge of harmony, so read instruction books by Eddie Lang to teach himself. His father taught him the basics. The president of the Philharmonic Society of Guitars, Dr Boris Perott, gave Bream further lessons, while his father became the society librarian, giving young Bream access to a large collection of rare music.

paragraph: On his 11th birthday, Bream was given a small gut-strung Spanish guitar by his father. He became something of a child prodigy, at 12 winning a junior exhibition award for his piano playing, enabling him to study piano and composition at the Royal College of Music. Aged 13, he made his debut guitar recital at Cheltenham on 17 February 1947; in 1951, he debuted at Wigmore Hall.

paragraph: Leaving the RCM in 1952, Bream was called up into the army for national service. He was originally drafted into the Pay Corps, but managed to sign up for the Royal Artillery Band after six months. This required him to be stationed in Woolwich, which allowed him to moonlight regularly in London with the guitar.

paragraph: After three years in the army, he took any musical jobs that came his way, including background music for radio plays and films. Commercial film, recording sessions and work for the BBC were important to Bream throughout the 1950s and the early 1960s.

paragraph: He played part of a recital at the Wigmore Hall on the lute in 1952, and since has done much to bring music written for the instrument to light.

paragraph: 1960 saw the formation of the Julian Bream Consort, a period-instrument ensemble with Bream as lutenist. The consort led a great revival of interest in the music of the Elizabethan era.

paragraph: Bream pursued a busy career playing around the world. His first European tours took place in 1954 and 1955, followed (beginning in 1958) by extensive touring in the Far East, India, Australia, the Pacific Islands and many other parts of the world. Bream performed for the Peabody Mason Concert series in Boston, first solo, in 1959, and later with the US debut of his Consort.

paragraph: In addition to master classes given in North America, Bream has conducted an international summer school in Wiltshire, England.

paragraph: Section::::Recordings.

paragraph: Bream has recorded extensively for RCA Victor and EMI Classics. These recordings have won him several awards, including four Grammy Awards, two for Best Chamber Music Performance and two for Best Classical Performance. RCA also released "The Ultimate Guitar Collection", a multi-CD set commemorating his birthday in 1993.

paragraph: From the beginning of the 1990s Julian Bream continued his recording career with EMI Classics, featuring music by Johann Sebastian Bach, a Concerto album (with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and Sir Simon Rattle), and discs devoted to contemporary works and guitar sonatas.

paragraph: Despite his importance as a classical guitarist, however, many of his RCA recordings (including the series of 20th-century guitar music) were out of print for several years. In 2011, RCA released "My Favorite Albums", a 10-CD set of albums chosen by Julian Bream himself. In 2013, RCA issued "Julian Bream: The Complete RCA Album Collection", a 40-CD set which also includes two DVDs with "The Lively Arts -- Julian Bream: A Life in the Country", the 1976 BBC film; and four BBC shows: "Omnibus: Anniversary of Sir William Walton" [1982], "The Julian Bream Consort (1961)", "Monitor -- Film Profile of Julian Bream" [1962], and "The Julian Bream Consort (1964)".

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: A highly successful film, "A Life in the Country", was first shown on BBC TV in 1976. In it, the narrator and Bream discuss his beginnings and his life as a concert guitarist. Bream also presented a series of four master-classes for guitarists on BBC TV. In 1984 he made eight films on location in Spain for Channel 4, exploring historical perspectives of Spanish guitar music.

paragraph: In 1991, BBC Radio and TV broadcast Bream's BBC Prom performance of Malcolm Arnold's Guitar Concerto. He also participated in a recital and concerto performances of works by Tōru Takemitsu at the Japan Festival in London with the London Symphony Orchestra.

paragraph: During the 1992-93 season he performed on two separate occasions at the Wigmore Hall - at their Gala Re-opening Festival, and at a special concert celebrating his 60th birthday. In the same period, he toured the Far East, visiting Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea and Japan, and performed the premiere of Leo Brouwer's arrangement for guitar and orchestra of Albéniz's "Iberia" at the Proms. In 1994 Bream made debuts in both Turkey and Israel to great acclaim, and the following year played for the soundtrack to the Hollywood film Don Juan DeMarco.

paragraph: In 1997, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of his debut, he performed a recital at Cheltenham Town Hall. A few weeks later, the BBC dedicated a special television tribute "This Is Your Life" programme to Julian Bream, filmed after a commemorative concert at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, London.

paragraph: In recent years, his engagements have included a Gala solo performance at the Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool, a Kosovo Aid concert at St. John's, Smith Square, London, with the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields recitals at the Snape Proms, Aldeburgh, and at the Norfolk and Norwich Festival and a tour of UK National Trust properties in summer and autumn 2000.

paragraph: In November 2001 he gave an anniversary recital at Wigmore Hall, celebrating 50 years since his debut there in 1951. His final recital was at Maddermarket Theatre, Norwich on May 6, 2002.

paragraph: The 2003 DVD video profile "Julian Bream: My Life in Music" contains three hours of interviews and performances. It has been declared by Graham Wade "the finest film contribution ever to the classic guitar." It became "GRAMOPHONE DVD of the year". His series "Guitarra!" was made for Channel 4 television and charts a journey across Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Style and influences.

paragraph: Bream's recitals are wide-ranging, including transcriptions from the 17th century, many pieces by Bach arranged for guitar, popular Spanish pieces, and contemporary music, for much of which he was the inspiration. He has stated that he has been influenced by the styles of Andrés Segovia and Francisco Tárrega.

paragraph: Bream's playing can be characterised as virtuosic and highly expressive, with an eye for details, and with strong use of contrasting timbres.

paragraph: Section::::Dedications and collaborations.

paragraph: Many composers have worked with Bream, and among those who dedicated pieces to him are Malcolm Arnold, Richard Rodney Bennett, Benjamin Britten, Leo Brouwer, Peter Racine Fricker, Hans Werner Henze, Humphrey Searle, Toru Takemitsu, Michael Tippett, William Walton and Peter Maxwell Davies. Britten's "Nocturnal" is one of the most famous pieces in the classical guitar repertoire and was written with Bream specifically in mind. It is an unusual set of variations on John Dowland's "Come, Heavy Sleep" (which is played in its original form at the close of the piece).

paragraph: Bream has also taken part in many collaborations, including work with Peter Pears on Elizabethan music for lute and voice, and three records of guitar duets with John Williams.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: Bream was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1964 for services to music, and in the Queen's Birthday Honours List of 1985 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. He has received Honorary Doctorates from the Universities of Surrey (1968), and Leeds (1984). In 1976 he was personally presented with the Villa-Lobos Gold Medal by the composer's widow. He was elected an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music (1966), and has been honoured with Fellowships of the Royal College of Music (1981) and the Royal Northern College of Music (1983). In 1988 he became an Honorary Member of the Royal Philharmonic Society, and was also presented with the Royal Philharmonic Society Instrumentalist's Award in 1996.

paragraph: Section::::Other details.

paragraph: In 1984 Bream's arm was seriously injured in a car accident. It cost him great effort to regain his previous technical ability.

paragraph: He is keen on the game of cricket and is a member of the MCC.

paragraph: Bream has said that he had some "sessions" with Segovia but never really studied with him. Segovia provided a personal endorsement and scholarship request to assist Bream in taking further formal music studies.

paragraph: Bream does not consistently hold his right-hand fingers at right angles to the strings, but uses a less rigid hand position for tonal variety.

paragraph: Bream met Igor Stravinsky in Toronto, Canada in 1965. He tried unsuccessfully to persuade the composer to write a composition for the lute and actually played a pavane by Dowland for him. The meeting between Bream and Stravinsky, including Bream's impromptu playing, was filmed by the National Film Board of Canada in making a documentary about the composer.

paragraph: Bream lived for over forty years in a Georgian farmhouse at Semley in Wiltshire. In 2008 he moved to a smaller house in Donhead St Andrew, Wiltshire.

paragraph: Section::::Pieces written for.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reginald Smith Brindle "Nocturne for Guitar Solo" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lennox Berkeley "Sonatina", op. 52, no. 1 (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benjamin Britten "Songs from the Chinese" for high voice and guitar, Op. 58 (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Werner Henze "Drei Tentos" (Kammermusic 1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denis ApIvor "Variations for Guitar", Op. 29 (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tristram Cary "Sonata" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malcolm Arnold "Concerto for Guitar and Chamber Orchestra", op. 67 (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benjamin Britten "Nocturnal after John Dowland", Op. 70 (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Rodney Bennett "Impromptus" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tom Eastwood "Ballade-Phantasy" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Racine Fricker "Paseo" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reginald Smith Brindle "Variants on two themes of J. S. Bach" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Rodney Bennett "Guitar Concerto" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malcolm Arnold "Fantasy", op. 107 (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alan Rawsthorne "Elegy" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Walton "Five Bagatelles" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Humphrey Searle "Five" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lennox Berkeley "Guitar Concerto, Op. 88" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Werner Henze "Royal Winter Music" (first sonata, 1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giles Swayne "Suite", Op. 21 (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Maxwell Davies "Hill Runes" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Berkeley "Sonata in One Movement" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Rodney Bennett "Sonata" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Tippett "The Blue Guitar" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giles Swayne "Solo for Guitar (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leo Brouwer "Concerto elegiaco (Guitar Concerto No. 3)" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toru Takemitsu "All in Twilight" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leo Brouwer "Sonata" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Maxwell Davies "Sonata" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toru Takemitsu "Muir Woods (In the Woods)" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harrison Birtwistle "Construction with Guitar Player: Beyond the White Hand" (2013) (Commissioned by the Julian Bream Trust)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leo Brouwer "Ars Combinatoria (Sonata No. 5)" (2013) (Commissioned by the Julian Bream Trust)

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964: Officer of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964: Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance at the Grammy Awards of 1964 for "Evening of Elizabethan Music" performed by the Julian Bream Consort

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967: Grammy Award for Best Classical Performance – Instrumental Soloist or Soloists (with or without orchestra) at the Grammy Awards of 1967 for "Baroque Guitar (Works of Bach, Sanz, Weiss, etc.)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968: Honorary Doctorate from the University of Surrey

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968: Edison Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra) at the Grammy Awards of 1972 for André Previn (conductor), Julian Bream & the London Symphony Orchestra for "Villa-Lobos: Concerto for Guitar"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972-73: Edison Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance at the Grammy Awards of 1973 for Julian Bream & John Williams for "Julian and John (Works by Lawes, Carulli, Albéniz, Granados)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: Fellowship of the Royal College of Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: Fellowship of the Royal Northern College of Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: Honorary Doctorate from the University of Leeds

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: Commander of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: Honorary Member of the Royal Philharmonic Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: Royal Philharmonic Society Instrumentalist's Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: Doctor of Philosophy from London Guildhall University

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Honorary Doctorate from the Open University

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 : Gramophone Classical Music Awards - Lifetime Achievement

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:LPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Art Of Julian Bream" (November 1960), RCA Victor LSC-2448

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guitar Concertos" (January 1961), RCA Victor LSC-2487

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden Age of English Lute Music" (September 1961), RCA Victor LDS-2560

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Evening Of Elizabethan Music" (1963), RCA Victor LDS-2656 (reissued March 1971 as LSC-3195)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream: Rodrigo, Vivaldi Concertos, Britten Dances from "Gloriana"" (1964), RCA Victor LSC-2730

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20th Century Guitar", RCA Victor LSC-2964

paragraph: BULLET::::- "70's", RCA ARL1-0049

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dedication", RCA ARL1-5034

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream Plays Dowland", CLP 1726

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Bach Recital for the Guitar", Westminster CLP 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baroque Guitar" (1966), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Classical Guitar" (3 - LP set), Westminster WMS -1029

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Collection of the Greatest Performances of Julian Bream, Vol. II, Westminster

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Concertos for Lute and Orchestra", RCA ARL1-1180

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dances of Dowland", RCA LSC-2987

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elizabethan Lute Songs", RCA LSC-3131

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elizabethan Music by The Julian Bream Consort", RCA LSC-3195

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden Age of English Lute Music", RCA LSC-3196 RCA LD-2560

paragraph: BULLET::::- "J.S. Bach Lute Suites Nos. 1 and 2" (1966), RCA LSC-2896

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian & John", 1972 RCA LSC-3257

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian & John/2", 1974 RCA ARL1-0456

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream's Greatest Hits", Westminster

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream's Greatest Hits Volume Two", Westminster 9008-8185

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lute Music of John Dowland", RCA ARL1-1491

paragraph: BULLET::::- "John Dowland: 14 Lute Pieces", Westminster W-9079

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music for Voice and Guitar" with Peter Pears, RCA LSC-2718

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Popular Classics for Spanish Guitar", RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rodrigo: Concerto De Aranjuez, Berkeley Guitar Concerto (1975), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonatas for Lute and Harpsichord—Bach, Vivaldi" with George Malcolm, RCA LSC-3100

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Villa-Lobos, Twelve Etudes for Guitar, Suite populaire bresillienne" (1978), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream, The Art of the Spanish Guitar" (1970) RCA SRS 3002

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Woods So Wild", RCA LSC-3331

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guitarra: The Guitar in Spain" (1985), RCA (contains material not on the CD)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:CDs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fret Works" (1990), MCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guitarra: The Guitar in Spain" (1990), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joaquin Rodrigo: Concerto Elegiaco/Fantasia Para Un Gentilhombre" (1990), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream plays Bach" (1990), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream Plays Granados & Albéniz (Music of Spain, Volume Five)" (1990), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music of Spain, Vol. 7" (1990), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Loves" with Peggy Ashcroft (1990), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baroque Guitar" (1991), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Guitarra Romantica" (1991), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez; Villa-Lobos: Preludes" (1991), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romantic Guitar" (1991), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baroque Guitar" (1993), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Celebration of Andrés Segovia—Bream" (1993), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Highlights from the Julian Bream Edition" (1993), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez; Fantasía para un gentilhombre No1-5" (1993), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez; Takemitsu: To the Edge of Dream" with Simon Rattle and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (1993), Capitol

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Together/Julian Bream & John Williams" (1993), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Together Again/ Julian Bream & John Williams" (1993), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Villa-Lobos: Guitar Concerto; Preludes; Etudes" with André Previn and the London Symphony Orchestra (1993), BMG International

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bach Guitar Recital" (1994), EMI Classics

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bach: Lute Suites, Trio Sonatas" (1994), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guitar Concertos" (1994), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream Consort, Vol. 6" (1994), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music of Spain" (1994), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Popular Classics for Spanish Guitar" (1994), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romantic Guitar" (1994), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonata" (1995), Angel

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20th Century Guitar I" (1996), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden Age of English Lute Music" (1996), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music for Voice & Guitar" (1996), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music of Spain: Milán, Narváez" (1996), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Popular Classics for the Spanish Guitar" (1997), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream Edition, Volume 1: The Golden Age of English Lute Music" (28 CDs) (1998), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Romantic Hours" (1998), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spain—Sor, Vol. 24" (1998), BMG Classics

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guitar Concertos" (1999), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guitar Music by Albeniz, Vivaldi, Rodrigo & Grandos" (2 CDs) (1999), RCA Classics/BMG

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Woods So Wild" (1999), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nocturnal: Martin, Britten, Brouwer, Lutoslavski" (2000), EMI

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ultimate Guitar Collection" (2 CDs) (2000), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duos de Guitares" with John Williams (2001), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spanish Guitar Music" (remastered) (2001), Deutsche Grammophon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spanish Guitar Recital" (2001), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez; Fantasía para un gentilhombre; Tres piezas espanolas; invocacion y danza" (remastered) (2004), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spanish Guitar Recital" (2004),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guitar Recital: Bach, Sor, Turina, Tippet, Schubert" (2005), Testament

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music of Spain" (2005), RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elizabethan Lute Songs", Decca

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream & Friends", Musical Heritage Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lute Music from the Royal Courts of Europe", BMG Classics

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music of Spain: The Classical Heritage", RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Favorite Albums", RCA/Sony Classical

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Articles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Sensier & Graham Wade. "Bream, Julian (Alexander)" in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians MacMillan, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stuart W. Button, "Julian Bream, the Foundations of a Musical Career", Scolar Press, 1997 (reissued by Bold Strummer Ltd, 2006. )

paragraph: BULLET::::- Graham Wade, "The Art of Julian Bream", Ashley Mark Publishing Company, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Julian Bream: a Life on the Road." London: Macdonald, 1982. . Text by Tony Palmer, photographs by Daniel Meadows, includes discography (pp. 204–16)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julian Bream's myspace page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography (Hazard Chase)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Some photos of LP covers (Oviatt Library Digital Collections)

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/focus/julian-bream-interview

description: English classical guitarist and lutenist

wikidata_label: Julian Bream

wikipedia_title: Julian Bream


text:
Raymond, Alberta
Canadian football
receiver
Canadian Football League
Calgary Stampeders
Brock Ralph
2005 CFL Draft
Calgary Stampeders
holding
Brett Ralph

categories: Calgary Stampeders players,Canadian football wide receivers,Grey Cup champions,Living people,Alberta Golden Bears football players,People from Raymond, Alberta,1982 births

paragraph: Brett Ralph

paragraph: Brett Ralph (born March 3, 1982 in Raymond, Alberta) is a former professional Canadian football receiver, who most recently played with the Canadian Football League's Calgary Stampeders. He is the younger brother of fellow CFL receiver Brock Ralph.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Ralph was drafted in the 2005 CFL Draft in the 6th round by the Calgary Stampeders. He immediately became part of the team's receiving corps. In his rookie season he finished fourth in receiving on the team with 609 yards.

paragraph: 2006 was an off year for him, recording only seven receptions for 76 yards, finishing eighth on the team.

paragraph: 2007 was a return to form, catching 53 passes for 695 yards. His duties on the team were expanded to include holding for placekicks. He threw a touchdown on a fake field goal play in the .

paragraph: On May 31, 2010, Ralph announced his retirement from professional football in order to concentrate on his education to become a teacher.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brett Ralph on CFL

description: Canadian football player

wikidata_label: Brett Ralph

wikipedia_title: Brett Ralph


text:
Jew
Los Angeles
Poland
Rowland-Workman exploratory party
Santa Fe, New Mexico
tailoring
bankruptcy

paragraph: Jacob Frankfort

paragraph: Jacob Frankfort (born 1801, date of death unknown) was the first known Jew to come to Los Angeles. He immigrated from Poland in 1841. He would be joined by other Central European Jews. By 1855, there were 60 Jews living in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Frankfort arrived in Los Angeles as a member of the Rowland-Workman exploratory party. The party had come to the city from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Jacob's position in the team was bolstered by skills of tailoring and ownership of a rifle.

paragraph: Section::::Business.

paragraph: Frankfort was a wealthy man. This fact is reflected in Rafael Gallardo's declaration of bankruptcy, which states that Jacob Frankfort was owed $400 in 1845. Frankfort started his business with a tailoring and men's apparel store in Bell's Row, an adobe building. When Mr. Mellus bought Bell's Row from Mr. Bell, it was Frankfort who lent him the money. Subsequently, Bell's Row name was changed to Mellus' Row. Bell's Row was fantastically located: all the traffic coming in from the L.A. River arrived at the corner of Aliso & Los Angeles Streets, which was where the Bell's Row sat.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L.A. Scene / The City Then and Now". CECILIA RASMUSSEN. Los Angeles Times, March 21, 1994.

description: Polish-American Jew

wikidata_label: Jacob Frankfort

wikipedia_title: Jacob Frankfort


text: Lower Lusatia

text: Brandenburg

text: Kolberg

text: three sieges

text: Seven Years' War

text: Pour le Merite

text: Schacksdorf

text: Lower Lusatia

text: Brandenburg

text: Sellendorf

text: Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau

text: captain

text: First Silesian War

text: Bohemia

text: Moravia

text: Battle of Hohenfriedberg

text: Königsberg

text: major

text: Königsberg

text: Seven Years' War

text: Fort Friedrichsburg

text: Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf

text: Kolberg

text: Johann von Palmbach

text: besieged

text: colonel

text: Frederick the Great

text: Pour le Mérite

text: Baltic fleet

text: Swedish

text: Paul von Werner

text: taler

text: lieutenant general

text: third siege

text: Friedrich Eugen, Duke of Württemberg

text: Mecklenburg

text: Dubislav von Platen

text: Spie

text: Stettin

text: Elizabeth of Russia

text: Peter III

categories: 1765 deaths,1703 births,People from Spree-Neiße,Prussian generals,German military personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession

paragraph: Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde

paragraph: Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde was a Prussian officer and commander-in-chief of Kolberg (born 1703 in the Lower Lusatia region of Brandenburg – 4 May 1765 in Kolberg). His name is spelled variously "von der Heyden" and "von Heyden". He is best known for his tenacious defense of Kolberg during its three sieges of the Seven Years' War. He received the Pour le Merite and he is immortalized on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Heyde was born 1 January 1703 in Schacksdorf, a village in the Lower Lusatia region of Brandenburg. He was the son of Heinrich Siegmund von der Heyde, heir to Schacksdorf, and Magdalene Sophie von Stutterheim from Sellendorf.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Heyde entered the Prussian military in Infantry Regiment Nr. 3 (Alt-Anhalt) in 1718. Between 1726 and 1740, he received a series of promotions. In 1740, he was a staff officer for Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau. In 1741, he also received his first command, a grenadier company, as a captain, with which he also fought in the First Silesian War. In 1744 and 1745 he fought in Bohemia and Moravia. He was injured in the Battle of Hohenfriedberg. Based on differences between him and Leopold, in 1747, the King ordered his transfer to Regiment Nr. 2 (Röder) garrisoned in Königsberg.

paragraph: On 5 June 1753, he became a major and commander of Grenadier Battalion Nr. 4, still in Königsberg. On 13 December 1755, just prior to the outbreak of the Seven Years' War, he became commander of the Fort Friedrichsburg near Königsberg. In 1757, he fought against the invading Russian troops but, after the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf and a new Russian advance in 1758, he withdrew to the fortress of Kolberg with his troops.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Sieges of Kolberg.

paragraph: On 3 October 1758, now as deputy commander of the Kolberg fortress, Heyde organized the city's defense when the Russian general Johann von Palmbach besieged the fortress. After several thwarted attacks, Palmbach appeared to retreat in the night from 29 October; the next day, Heyde repulsed a surprise attack with two battalions, and a troop of armed citizens. For this stubborn defense, he was promoted to colonel, and Frederick the Great awarded him the Pour le Mérite.

paragraph: On 26 August 1760, during the second siege of Kolberg, a united force of Swedish and Russian troops surrounded the fortress on water and land. On 27 August, Kolberg was bombarded from the sea by the entire Russian Baltic fleet: twenty-one ships of the line, three frigates and three bomb vessels. On 29 August, they were joined by six ships of line and three frigates of their Swedish allies. Heyde deployed his 700 troops to construct siege works on 6 September; cavalry units covered the construction. He defended Kolberg with his limited number of troops until 18 September, when General Paul von Werner arrived with 3,800 men after a 13-day, forced march from Silesia. Werner deployed his troops and attacked immediately with such force that the Russians believed they were facing an army of about 20,000; the Russians retreated. Two coins commemorate this act: one with the image of Werner, one with the image of Heyde. The King sent a gold and twenty silver coins with a personal thank you to Heyde. After the second siege of Kolberg, Frederick reevaluated his previously lukewarm opinion of Heyde: "I am not infallible; in this man I have been greatly wrong." Financially, Heyde's heroism did not pay off; he received as a commander a salary of 600 taler against of which, shortly before his death, 800 were still owed. Heyde and Werner were promoted to the rank of lieutenant general.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Final siege and captivity.

paragraph: Kolberg's strategic value remained high for the Russians, and a third siege under the Russian commander Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky began on 3 September 1761. Friedrich Eugen, Duke of Württemberg marched from the Swedish front in Mecklenburg and secured the surrounding countryside, but he, like the troops stranded inside the fortress, struggled with supply problems. On 18 September, Rumyantsev stormed Württemberg's defenses outside the town, suffering 3,000 casualties and gaining little. Rumyantsev altered his strategy: instead of wasting troops in storming entrenched defenses, he would cut off Kolberg's supplies.

paragraph: Prussian relief troops—several thousand of them commanded by General Dubislav von Platen—managed to break through to Kolberg later in the month, but a comprehensive break out through Russian lines on 17 October failed. Kolberg, although secured by some 20,000 troops, was consuming supplies at a fast rate. The Russian navy had also reappeared and resumed bombardment of the fortress. Platen extricated himself and his troops to safety, but the garrison itself remained trapped inside the city, with depleting supplies, and the Duke's troops remained in their defensive positions. In November, Württemberg abandoned Kolberg, broke through the Russian lines to reunite with Platen; their joint forces assaulted Rumyantsev unsuccessfully from the rear. After this last effort, Platen departed as ordered by Friedrich; Württemberg tried several more times to force his way back into the fortress. On 12 December, the Russian forces halted his attempt at Spie, southwest of Kolberg, inflicting 1,000 casualties on the Duke's force. Württemberg's remaining 8,000 troops retreated to Stettin, leaving Kolberg to its fate.

paragraph: Five days later, on 17 December 1761, the starving city capitulated. The city residents, and Heyde, his troops and their families, received medical treatment and food. Heyde and his troops marched to captivity in Russia.

paragraph: After the death of Czarina Elizabeth of Russia on 5 January 1762, the Prussophile Peter III came to power and ended the Russia's participation in the war. The prisoners-of-war turned around and marched back to Prussia.

paragraph: Section::::Final years.

paragraph: After his brief imprisonment, Heyde was reinstated in Prussian service in Königsberg, in the fortress of Friedricksburg, but in April 1763, Heyde returned to Kolberg where he remained as commander until his death in 1765. He was buried in the Marienkirche (Saint Mary's Church) of Kolberg. In May 1851, his name was inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great.

description: German officer

wikidata_label: Heinrich Sigismund Heyde

wikipedia_title: Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde


text:
Grobbendonk
Hereditary Marshal of Brabant
Habsburg Netherlands
Antwerp
Erasmus II Schetz
Charles de Brimeu
Wezemaal
Duchy of Brabant
Philip II of Spain
Dutch Revolt
Army of Flanders
Archduke Matthias
Mons
Lancelot II of Ursel
Lancelot I Schetz
Isabeau Schetz
Agnes Schetz
Johan Karel Schetz
Order of the Golden Fleece
Nicolas Melchior Schetz
Baron of Wesemael
Conrad III Schetz
Anthonie II Schetz
Lancelot II Schetz
Ignace Schetz, Bishop of Ghent

categories: People of the Habsburg Netherlands,Ursel,1513 births,People from Antwerp,1580 deaths

paragraph: Gaspard II Schetz

paragraph: Gaspar Schetz (1513–1580), Lord of Grobbendonk, Hereditary Marshal of Brabant was a financier and statesman in the Habsburg Netherlands. For reasons that are unknown he was nicknamed "Corvinus".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Gaspar Schetz was born in Antwerp on 20 July 1513, the son of Erasmus II Schetz, Lord of Usbach and Grobbendonk, and Ida Van Rechtergem. Active in finance and commerce, he maintained a lively interest in literature. From Charles de Brimeu, the last lord of Meghem, he purchased the lordship of Wezemaal, which brought with it the title of hereditary marshal of the Duchy of Brabant.

paragraph: Section::::Career and power.

paragraph: By letters patent of 25 November 1555 Philip II of Spain appointed Schetz royal factor in Antwerp. In 1564 he was made treasurer general of the royal finances in the Low Countries. In the early years of the Dutch Revolt he was highly active in seeking ways to keep the Army of Flanders paid regularly, and in the negotiations to secure the new bishoprics, founded in 1559, a regular income from the assets held by the medieval abbeys of the Low Countries. He was among those who invited Archduke Matthias to the Low Countries in 1578.

paragraph: Gaspard was even very respected by the Dutch aristocracy, even the duke of Alva wrote to the King of Spain:

paragraph: "Schetz is their living God, they all swear in his faith! "

paragraph: On 5 March 1579, Grobbendonk Castle was plundered and razed, Schetz's library going up in flames. In the same year, he took part in the peace talks at Cologne seeking the basis for a reconciliation between the Estates General and the King. He published a dialogue promoting his own perspective under the title "Viri, pietate, moderatione, doctrinâque diarissimi, dialogus de Pace, rationes, quibus Belgici tumultus, inter Philippum, serenissimum et potentissimum Hispaniæ regem, et subditos, hoc rerum statu componi possint, explicans" (Antwerp and Cologne, 1579).

paragraph: He died at Mons on 9 November 1580.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His first wife was Margaretha van de Brugge, his second Catharina van Ursel, the daughter of Lancelot II of Ursel.

paragraph: His first wife gave him two children. But Catherine succeeded and gave birth to 13 children.

paragraph: Descendants of Gaspard II Schetz x Catharina van Ursel:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lancelot I Schetz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabeau Schetz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes Schetz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johan Karel Schetz, (1552-1595): Protonotary Apost. and Canon of the Cathedral in Liege; Chancellor of the Order of the Golden Fleece, died in Spain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolas Melchior Schetz, Baron of Wesemael: He had the succession of his brother Conrard questioned in 1623.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conrad III Schetz, (1553–1632) 1st Baron of Hoboken who became father of the 1st Count of Ursel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthonie II Schetz, (1564-1640) 1st Count of Grobbendonk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lancelot II Schetz, 2nd Count of Grobbendonk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ignace Schetz, Bishop of Ghent.

wikidata_label: Gaspar Schetz

wikipedia_title: Gaspard II Schetz


text: Machatas

text: Harpalus

text: Alexander the Great

text: satrap

text: India

text: Hydaspes

text: Indus

text: Acesines

text: Malli

text: Alexandria on the Indus

text: Acesines

text: Oxyartes

text: Peithon, son of Agenor

text: Johann Gustav Droysen

text: Antigonus

text: Elimiotis

text: Eudamus

text: Taxiles

text: Smith, William

text: "Philippus (6)"

text: Boston

categories: Ancient Macedonian generals,Generals of Alexander the Great,Ancient Elimiotes,326 BC deaths,Satraps of the Alexandrian Empire

paragraph: Philip (son of Machatas)

paragraph: Philip (; died 325 BC), son of Machatas and brother of Harpalus, was an officer in the service of Alexander the Great, who in 327 BC was appointed by Alexander as satrap of India, including the provinces westward of the Hydaspes, as far south as the junction of the Indus with the Acesines. After the conquest of the Malli and Oxydracae, these tribes also were added to his government.

paragraph: Philip was put in charge by Alexander of building the city of Alexandria on the Indus.

paragraph: The territory south of the junction of the Indus with the Acesines to the sea was given to Oxyartes and Peithon, son of Agenor (Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander VI.15.4)

paragraph: The historian Johann Gustav Droysen considers this Philip to have been the father of Antigonus, the king of Asia. It is certain at least that they were both of the family of the princes from Elimiotis.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: After the departure of Alexander from India, Philip was assassinated in 325 BC by a conspiracy formed among the mercenary troops under his command. Alexander named Eudamus and Taxiles as rulers of his territories in replacement:

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, William (editor); "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology", "Philippus (6)", Boston, (1867)

description: builder of Alexandria on the Indus

wikidata_label: Philip

wikipedia_title: Philip (son of Machatas)


text: House of Mecklenburg

text: Henry II Borwin

text: Rostock

text: Nicholas I

text: fief

text: Hanseatic

text: Rostock

text: Wismar

text: Pribislaw I

text: Parchim-Richenberg

text: Circipania

text: Gnoien

text: Kalen

text: Denmark

text: Holstein

text: Doberan

text: Eric X of Sweden

text: Waldemar

categories: House of Mecklenburg,1278 deaths,Year of birth uncertain,Lords of Mecklenburg,Lords of Rostock,13th-century births,13th-century German people

paragraph: Henry Borwin III, Lord of Rostock

paragraph: Henry Borwin III, Lord of Rostock ( – 1 August 1278) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg. He ruled the Lordship of Rostock jointly with his brothers from 1226 to 1234, then ruled alone until his death.

paragraph: He was the second youngest son of Henry II Borwin, who became Lord of Rostock in 1225. Since Henry Borwin III was still a minor when his father died in 1226, his brother Nicholas I acted as regent until 1234. During this period, Mecklenburg again became a fief of the Duchy of Saxony. In 1234, the brothers divided Mecklenburg among themselves; Hernry Borwin III received the Lordship of Rostock.

paragraph: Henry Borwin III came into conflict with the emerging Hanseatic cities of Rostock and Wismar. He also waged war on his brothers. After the overthrow of Pribislaw I, Henry Borwin gained control of a part of Parchim-Richenberg.

paragraph: During a war against Pomerania, he conquered Circipania, including the cities of Gnoien and Kalen, in 1236. He assisted Denmark in the war against Holstein.

paragraph: Henry Borwin III died in 1278 and was buried in Doberan.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: In 1237, he married Sophia of Sweden (died before 24 June 1241), the daughter of King Eric X of Sweden. They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John (died before 27 October 1266), co-regent with his father from 1262

paragraph: BULLET::::- Waldemar, lord of Rostock (1278-1282)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry, died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eric, also died young

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical table of the House of Mecklenburg

description: German nobleman, Lord of Rostock from 1226 to 1278

wikidata_label: Henry Borwin III, Lord of Rostock

wikipedia_title: Henry Borwin III, Lord of Rostock


text:
Genoese
doge
Republic of Genoa
War of Chioggia
Venice
John II
doge
Chiavari
Gabriele Adorno
Portugal
Roccatagliata
Fieschi
pope
Avignon
maona di Cipro
Cyprus
popolani
Venetian Republic
Viscontis
Milan
Antoniotto Adorno
Hungary
Austria
Carrara
Aquileia
Chioggia
Pietro Doria
Fregoso
Adorno
Finale
Leonardo Montaldo

categories: Doges of Genoa,14th-century rulers in Europe,1385 deaths,People who died in prison custody,1325 births,14th-century Italian people

paragraph: Nicolò Guarco

paragraph: Nicolò Guarco (Parodi, c.1325 – Lerici, c.1385) was a Genoese statesman who became the 7th doge of the Republic of Genoa and led the Republic through the War of Chioggia against Venice.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Son of a merchant, Nicolò appears first in the documents, in 1351, as a Genoese ambassador sent to the king of France, John II. The same year, he is for the first time made a member of the council of the ancients, the closest advisors to the doge. In 1365, he is given the office of vicar (governor) of the city of Chiavari. He is soon after put in charge of the harbour and re-integrates the council of the ancients. During the 1360s, he seems to have been one of the main opponents of the new doge, Gabriele Adorno.

paragraph: After the end of the dogeship of Adorno, Nicolò returned to the highest functions in the Genoese state. In 1371, he was sent as ambassador to Portugal. The following year, he took the castle of Roccatagliata from the rebel nobles of the Fieschi family. He then occupied numerous positions within the Genoese government, in particular, he was elected a third time to the council and sent as ambassador to the pope in Avignon. In 1375, he also became one of the shareholders of the "maona di Cipro", an association in charge of capturing the island of Cyprus.

paragraph: At the time, the power of the "popolani" over the city was under the threat of a three-way alliance between the Venetian Republic, the Viscontis of Milan and the Genoese nobles who intended to regain the upper hand over the affairs of the city. The threat materialized in 1378, when the mercenaries of the company of the Star paid by the duke of Milan took control of the Genoese countryside. The city was in turmoil and, on June 17, the crowd stormed the dogal palace and elected Antoniotto Adorno as the new doge. But the leaders of the "popolani" party were wary of the ambitious young Adorno and, a few hours later, the elected Nicolò Guarco the new doge of the Republic.

paragraph: Section::::Dogeship.

paragraph: To concentrate the forces of the city on the challenge posed by the Venetians, Nicolò farmed out the administration (and pacification) of the island of Corsica to yet another "maona". Even more importantly, on September 22, the doge signed with the representative of the noble exiles an agreement associating them to the government of the Republic, simply barring them from the position of doge. This treaty allowed to solve the problem of the scheming "fuorusciti" which had plagued the Republic since its creation in 1339.

paragraph: The doge came to an agreement with the employers of the company of the Star and tried to pay the mercenaries so that they would leave the Ligurian countryside. But Venetian gold quickly brought the mercenaries back under the walls of the city. On September 24, 1379, finally, the troops of the Republic backed by the noble militias crushed the mercenaries. Nicolò was now free to turn the re-invigorated forces of Genoa against Venice.

paragraph: On August 6, 1379, the allied troops of Genoa, Hungary, Austria, Carrara and Aquileia managed to take the island of Chioggia in the Venetian laguna, forcing the city to demand terms. But the conditions asked by the Genoese admiral Pietro Doria were so severe that the Venetians decided to resume fighting. The Venetians managed to engineer a counter-attack and by June 26, 1380, the Genoese troops in the laguna had to surrender.

paragraph: Section::::Pushed out of office.

paragraph: The defeat triggered a series of rebellions among the noble families of the countryside. The doge managed to squash them but the mounting cost of the war was starting to create unrest within the city itself. Meanwhile, changes imposed upon the judicial administration and the augmentation of the number of body guards were feeding fears that the doge was aiming at creating an autocratic power base for himself. Confronted with mounting criticism, the doge was forced to expel his noble allies from government, decrease taxes and call back his exiled political enemies, the Fregoso and the Adorno.

paragraph: Antoniotto Adorno quickly gained the heart of the people and on April 6, 1383, he forced Nicolò Guarco to abandon the dogeship (but not to be elected doge after him). Guarco fled the city and found refuge in Finale. Soon after, the new doge, Leonardo Montaldo, allowed him to return to Genoa. A new plague ravaged the city in 1384, the doge succumbed to the disease and this time Antoniotto Adorno managed to get elected. Nicolò, once more, headed towards Finale, but the local lord, the marquis Del Carretto, had changed camp and he delivered him to the new doge. Nicolò was sent to the castle of Lirici as a prisoner and died there maybe as early as the summer of 1384.

description: Genoese doge

wikidata_label: Nicolò Guarco

wikipedia_title: Nicolò Guarco


text:
American football
defensive end
San Francisco 49ers
National Football League
Baltimore Ravens
2013 NFL Draft
college football
Notre Dame
Weatherford High School
Weatherford, Texas
Rivals.com
defensive end
Texas A&M
Colorado
Bob Diaco
defensive tackle
3-4 defense
USC
ACL
2013 BCS National Championship Game
Alabama
Baltimore Ravens
2013 NFL Draft
Chicago Bears
Jacksonville Jaguars
San Francisco 49ers
Notre Dame Fighting Irish bio

categories: People from Weatherford, Texas,Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players,American football defensive ends,Chicago Bears players,American football defensive tackles,1990 births,Players of American football from Texas,Jacksonville Jaguars players,Baltimore Ravens players,Living people

paragraph: Kapron Lewis-Moore

paragraph: Kapron Lewis-Moore (born January 24, 1990) is an American football defensive end for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the sixth round of the 2013 NFL Draft. He played college football at Notre Dame.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Lewis-Moore attended Weatherford High School in Weatherford, Texas. As a junior, he collected 50 tackles and added six sacks, two forced fumbles and three recovered fumbles, and received second-team all-district honors.

paragraph: Considered a four-star recruit by "Rivals.com", he was rated as the No.19 strongside defensive end in the nation. He accepted a scholarship offer from Notre Dame over other offers from Texas A&M and Colorado.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Lewis-Moore attended and played college football at Notre Dame from 2008–2012.

paragraph: After redshirting in 2008, Lewis-Moore made tremendous strides in his development. He appeared in all 12 games and starting nine. He led the Irish defensive line and ranked sixth on team with 46 tackles, recorded second-most tackles for loss on team with seven and his two and a half sacks ranked third, also added one forced fumble and one fumble recovery. In 2010, under new defensive coordinator Bob Diaco, he made the switch from defensive tackle to defensive end in the new 3-4 defense. He started all 13 games in 2010, one of 11 players to start all 13 games for the Irish. He totaled 62 tackles, which ranked fifth on the team but first among defensive linemen, he added two and a half tackles for loss and two sacks. In 2011, he started only 7 games after sustaining a knee injury against USC. He recorded 32 tackles, including four for loss and one and half sacks, and one forced fumble.

paragraph: Prior to the 2012 season, Lewis-Moore was named one of Notre Dame's four captains. "He called my name last and I wasn’t really expecting it because we have a lot of guys on the team that are worthy of being captains," Lewis-Moore recalled. "To hear my name was really something special. I got a little teary eyed. I knew this season was going to be special but to be captain is just something I can’t really explain. It’s speechless." He started all 13 games for the Irish, but tore his ACL in his right knee in the first half of the 2013 BCS National Championship Game against Alabama. He finished his season with 40 tackles, including eight and a half for loss and six sacks, while forcing two fumbles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Ravens.

paragraph: Lewis-Moore was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the sixth round, 200th overall in the 2013 NFL Draft. He signed his four-year contract on May 2, 2013. After spending his first two NFL seasons on injured reserve, Lewis-Moore made the Ravens final roster, playing in five games and recording three tackles.

paragraph: On September 3, 2016, Lewis-Moore was released by the Ravens and was signed to the practice squad the next day, where he spent the entire season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Bears.

paragraph: On January 6, 2017, Lewis-Moore signed a reserve/future contract with the Chicago Bears. He was waived on August 29, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Ravens (second stint).

paragraph: On October 10, 2017, Lewis was signed to the Ravens' practice squad.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: On February 6, 2018, Lewis-Moore signed a futures deal with the Jacksonville Jaguars. He was waived/injured by the Jaguars on July 30, 2018 and was placed on injured reserve. He was released on August 8, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: On January 4, 2019, Lewis-Moore signed a reserve/future contract with the San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notre Dame Fighting Irish bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Kapron Lewis-Moore

wikipedia_title: Kapron Lewis-Moore


text:
Cretan
Ottoman
Anopolis
Sfakia
Loutro
Count Orlov
Catherine the Great
Peloponnese
Russian
revolt
Ottoman Empire
Turk
Orlov
Hora Sfakion
Frangokastello
Pasha
Chandax
Heraklion
skinned alive
Pentozalis
international airport
Chania
Daskalogiannis

categories: 18th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire,People executed for treason against the Ottoman Empire,Executed Greek people,Greek rebels,Greek rebellions,People executed by flaying,Executed revolutionaries,Rebels of the Ottoman Empire,1770 in the Ottoman Empire,18th-century Greek people,Greek torture victims,People from Crete,1771 deaths

paragraph: Daskalogiannis

paragraph: Ioannis Vlachos (), better known as Daskalogiannis (; 1722/30 – June 17, 1771) was a wealthy shipbuilder and shipowner who led a Cretan revolt against Ottoman rule in the 18th century.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Ioannis Vlachos was born in Anopolis village in Sfakia, a semi-autonomous region of Crete, in 1722 or 1730. His father, who was a wealthy shipowner, sent him to be educated abroad. Due to his education, his compatriots called him ""Daskalos"" (teacher), hence his nickname "Daskalogiannis", "John the Teacher." He is referred to as a town clerk, in 1750, and chairman of the region of Sfakia in 1765, and as the owner of four, three-mast, merchant ships that sailed between the ports of the Mediterranean. These would have sailed from Prosyalo and the gulf of Loutro.

paragraph: Daskalogiannis knew Emmanouil Benakis at Mani and it is likely that Benakis introduced him to Count Orlov who Catherine the Great had sent to the Peloponnese in 1769 to instigate a revolt there. Many men from Sfakia also participated in the revolt which Orlov instigated in the Peloponnese.

paragraph: Section::::Leader of revolt.

paragraph: In early 1770, he was contacted by Russian emissaries, who hoped to instigate a revolt amongst the Greek subjects of the Ottoman Empire. Daskalogiannis agreed to fund and organize a rebellion in Sfakia against the Turkish authorities when the Russian emissaries promised to support him. In the spring of 1770, Daskalogiannis made preparations for the revolt at Sfakia; he brought together men, rifles, and supplies and had defenses built at strategic locations. However, the Russian fleet in the Aegean, under Count Orlov, did not sail for Crete, and the Cretan revolt was left to its own devices. The uprising began on 25 March 1770, with the flag raised at the church of Agios Georgios of Anopolis, and for a short time, parts of Crete had the attributes of an independent nation, including its own coins, minted in a cave near Hora Sfakion.

paragraph: The coming winter was difficult because the Russian intervention, promised to Daskalogiannis, failed to materialize. The uprising did not spread to the lowlands, and without outside support, it was put down brutally by the superior Turkish forces of the island, who easily defeated the 1,300 rebels. Sfakia was for the first time fully dominated by Turkish forces. Daskalogiannis surrendered with 70 men at the castle of Frangokastello near Hora Sfakion. On the orders of the Pasha of Candia/Chandax (Heraklion), he was tortured outside Heraklion's harbor fortress, skinned alive, and executed οn 17 June 1771. He is said to have suffered the torture in silence. The Turks forced Daskalogiannis' brother to watch the torturous execution, which allegedly drove him insane.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Daskalogiannis was immortalized in several folk tales and songs, the most prominent of which is the celebrated epic ballad by Barba-Pantzelios, a poor cheese-maker from Mouri - "To tragoudi tou Daskalogianni" of 1786:

paragraph: The war dance Pentozalis: The tradition says that before Daskalogiannis and his few men give the last battle against Ottomans danced Pentozali.

paragraph: The international airport of Chania (CHQ/LGSA) bears Daskalogiannis' name. A memorial statue can be seen in his hometown Anopolis. One of the regular ferries in the Crete southeast routes is named the "Daskalogiannis".

description: Greek leader of a revolt against Ottoman rule

wikidata_label: Daskalogiannis

wikipedia_title: Daskalogiannis


text: American football

text: linebacker

text: National Football League

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: 2000 NFL Draft

text: college football

text: Michigan State University

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: Detroit Lions

text: Crossland High School

text: Temple Hills, Maryland

text: Michigan State

text: sacks

text: NJCAA

text: All-America

text: sophomore

text: Michigan State University

text: Sporting News

text: tackles

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: rookie

text: started

text: interceptions

text: Pro Bowl

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: 2006 season

text: second season

text: third season

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: Detroit Lions

text: defensive tackle

text: Cory Redding

text: Detroit Lions bio

categories: 1978 births,Valley Forge Military Academy and College alumni,Detroit Lions players,Seattle Seahawks players,San Francisco 49ers players,American football linebackers,National Conference Pro Bowl players,Players of American football from Maryland,American football outside linebackers,People from Prince George's County, Maryland,Living people,Michigan State Spartans football players

paragraph: Julian Peterson

paragraph: Julian Thomas Peterson (born July 28, 1978) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for eleven seasons. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football for Michigan State University. Peterson also played for the Seattle Seahawks and the Detroit Lions.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Peterson attended Crossland High School in Temple Hills, Maryland. He was the 1996 Chesapeake Classic MVP.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Peterson attended Valley Forge Military Academy and College for two years before attending Michigan State. In two seasons at Valley Forge, he recorded 39.5 sacks and was first-team NJCAA All-America and Seaboard Conference Defensive Player of the Year as a sophomore.

paragraph: Peterson played college football at Michigan State University for his junior and senior year. As a junior, he was the honorable mention All-Big Ten pick by the media. As a senior, he was an All-American selection by "Football News" and the "Sporting News" after recording 15 sacks. In his two years at Michigan State he recorded 140 tackles and 25 sacks in only 23 games.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Peterson was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers 16th overall in the 2000 NFL Draft. As a rookie he started seven of 13 games recording 47 tackles, four sacks, and two interceptions. In 2002 Peterson was elected to the Pro Bowl for the first time after posting 94 tackles. In six seasons in San Francisco he recorded 394 tackles, 21.5 sacks, and five interceptions in 79 games and was elected to two Pro Bowls.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Peterson signed with the Seattle Seahawks before the 2006 season. In his first season in Seattle, he was selected to the Pro Bowl for the third time after recording 89 tackles and a career-high 10 sacks. In his second season with the Seahawks he was selected to the Pro Bowl for the second straight year after posting 74 tackles and 9.5 sacks. During the 2008 NFL Training Camp, Peterson switched jersey numbers from #59 to #98, the number he wore during his previous tenure at San Francisco. In his third season with the team, Peterson made 86 tackles and five sacks, and was selected to his third consecutive Pro Bowl. In three seasons in Seattle, he recorded 249 tackles, 24.5 sacks, and three interceptions in 48 games and was elected to three Pro Bowls.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Lions.

paragraph: The Seattle Seahawks traded Peterson to the Detroit Lions for defensive tackle Cory Redding and a 2009 fifth-round pick on March 14, 2009.

paragraph: On January 5, 2011, Peterson was given his release by the Lions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:NFL statistics.

paragraph: Key

paragraph: BULLET::::- GP: games played

paragraph: BULLET::::- COMB: combined tackles

paragraph: BULLET::::- TOTAL: total tackles

paragraph: BULLET::::- AST: assisted tackles

paragraph: BULLET::::- SACK: sacks

paragraph: BULLET::::- FF: forced fumbles

paragraph: BULLET::::- FR: fumble recoveries

paragraph: BULLET::::- FR YDS: fumble return yards

paragraph: BULLET::::- INT: interceptions

paragraph: BULLET::::- IR YDS: interception return yards

paragraph: BULLET::::- AVG IR: average interception return

paragraph: BULLET::::- LNG: longest interception return

paragraph: BULLET::::- TD: interceptions returned for touchdown

paragraph: BULLET::::- PD: passes defensed

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Peterson is married to wife Aimee and has two sons, Jayson and Jadden.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Detroit Lions bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Julian Peterson

wikipedia_title: Julian Peterson


text: Swedish

text: mineralogist

text: chemist

text: nickel

text: Georg Brandt

text: cobalt

text: mineralogy

text: scheelite

text: tungsten

text: Carl Wilhelm Scheele

text: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

text: zeolite

text: Google Book Search

categories: 1722 births,1765 deaths,Swedish nobility,18th-century chemists,Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,Discoverers of chemical elements,Swedish chemists

paragraph: Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

paragraph: Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt ("/kroonstet/" 23 December 1722 – 19 August 1765) was a Swedish mineralogist and chemist who discovered nickel in 1751 as a mining expert with the Bureau of Mines. He found the mineral, which Cronstedt described as "kupfernickel", in the cobalt mines of Los, Hälsingland, Sweden. This name arises because the ore has a similar appearance to copper (kupfer) and a mischievous sprite (nickel) was supposed by miners to be the cause of their failure to extract copper from it. Cronstedt named it nickel in 1754. He was a pupil of Georg Brandt, the discoverer of cobalt. Cronstedt is one of the founders of modern mineralogy and is described as the founder by John Griffin in his 1827 "A Practical Treatise on the Use of the Blowpipe". He remains to this day to be an outstanding idol for young swedes.

paragraph: Cronstedt also discovered the mineral scheelite in 1751. He named the mineral tungsten, meaning heavy stone in Swedish. Carl Wilhelm Scheele later suggested that a new metal could be extracted from the mineral. In English, this metal is now known as the element tungsten.

paragraph: In 1753, Cronstedt was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: In 1756, Cronstedt coined the term zeolite after heating the mineral stilbite with a blowpipe flame.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Practical Treatise on the Use of the Blowpipe by John Griffin, 1827, from Google Book Search

description: Swedish mineralogist and chemist

wikidata_label: Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

wikipedia_title: Axel Fredrik Cronstedt


text: Wilton

text: Salisbury

text: Blundell's School

text: Tiverton

text: Inner Temple

text: J A Roebuck

text: John Stuart Mill

text: John Austin

text: G Cornewall Lewis

text: Savigny

text: Quarterly Review

text: Edinburgh Review

text: Athenaeum Club

text: Peelite

text: Sydney Smith

text: Theodore Hook

text: Lockhart

text: Lyndhurst

text: Macaulay

text: Croker

text: Lyme Regis

text: Axminster

text: Palmerston

text: Aberdeen

text: Samuel Warren

text: Disraeli

text: "Endymion"

text: Thackeray

text: St James's Street

text: Goethe

text: Faust

text: Carlyle

text: Tieck

text: Chamisso

text: De La Motte Fouqué

text: Varnhagen von Ense

text: Madame Goethe

text: George Gissing

text: Rogers

text: Vanity Fair

text: Morning Chronicle

text: purple patch

text: Duke of Wellington

text: Thiers

text: panegyric

text: Henry Reeve

text: Greville

text: Chesterfield

text: continuator

text: J. W. Croker

text: Dumas

text: Cavour

text: ‘Hayward, Abraham (1801–1884)’

text: 'Abraham Hayward Collection'

categories: People educated at Blundell's School,1801 births,English barristers,1884 deaths,English non-fiction writers,People from Wilton, Wiltshire,Members of the Inner Temple

paragraph: Abraham Hayward

paragraph: Abraham Hayward (22 November 1801 – 2 February 1884) was an English man of letters.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was son of Joseph Hayward, and was born in Wilton, near Salisbury, Wiltshire.

paragraph: After education at Blundell's School, Tiverton, he entered the Inner Temple in 1824, and was called to the bar in June 1832. He took part as a conservative in the discussions of the London Debating Society, where his opponents were J A Roebuck and John Stuart Mill. The editorship of the "Law Magazine", or, "Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence", which he held from 1828 to 1844, brought him into connection with John Austin, G Cornewall Lewis, and such foreign jurists as Savigny, whose tractate on contemporary legislation and jurisprudence he rendered into English.

paragraph: In 1833 he travelled abroad, and on his return began contributing to the "New Monthly", the "Foreign Quarterly", the "Quarterly Review" and the "Edinburgh Review".

paragraph: In February 1835 he was elected to the Athenaeum Club under Rule II, and he remained for nearly fifty years one of its most conspicuous and most influential members. He was also a subscriber to the Carlton, but ceased to frequent it when he became a Peelite. At the Temple, Hayward, whose reputation was rapidly growing as a connoisseur not only of a bill of fare but also as company, gave "recherché" dinners, at which ladies of rank and fashion appreciated the wit of Sydney Smith and Theodore Hook, the dignity of Lockhart and Lyndhurst and the oratory of Macaulay. At the Athenaeum and in political society he to some extent succeeded to the position of Croker. He and Macaulay were commonly said to be the two best-read men in town.

paragraph: Political ladies first, and statesmen afterwards, came to recognise the advantage of obtaining Hayward's good opinion. The "old reviewing hand" became an acknowledged link between society, letters and politics. In one notable and lengthy land rights case, 'The Queen v. Ames', Hayward acted on behalf of the town of Lyme Regis in securing the permanent right of way for its citizens, across the cliffs to Axminster. There were other successes, but his promotion to be Q.C. in 1845 excited a storm of opposition, and, disgusted at being 'black-balled' by J. A. Roebuck and therefore not elected a Bencher of his Inn in the usual course, Hayward virtually withdrew from legal practice. His enemies prevented him from enjoying a well-selected quasisinecure, which both Palmerston and Aberdeen admitted to be his due. Samuel Warren attacked him as Venom Tuft in "Ten Thousand a Year"; and Disraeli aimed at him partially in Ste Barbe (in "Endymion"), though the satire here was directed primarily against Thackeray.

paragraph: As a counsellor of great ladies and of politicians, to whom he held forth with a sense of all-round responsibility surpassing that of a cabinet minister, Hayward retained his influence to the last years of his life. But he had little sympathy with modern ideas. He used to say that he had outlived everyone that he could really look up to. He died, a bachelor, in his rooms at 8 St James's Street (a small museum of autograph portraits and reviewing trophies).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He printed privately a translation of Goethe's "Faust" into English prose (pronounced by Carlyle to be the best version extant in his time). A second and revised edition was published after another visit to Germany in January 1834, in the course of which Hayward met Tieck, Chamisso, De La Motte Fouqué, Varnhagen von Ense and Madame Goethe. In 1878 he contributed the volume on Goethe to Blackwood's Foreign Classics for English Readers. The late nineteenth century English author George Gissing who read a lot of German literature in German during his lifetime, thought the volume 'poor stuff'.

paragraph: His first successes as reviewer were in 1835–1836 by articles on "Walker's Original" and on "Gastronomy." The essays were reprinted to form "The Art of Dining", in 1852. Hayward got up every important subject of discussion immediately it came into prominence, and concentrated his information in such a way that he habitually had the last word to say on a topic. When Rogers died, when "Vanity Fair" was published, when the "Greville Memoirs" was issued or a revolution occurred on the continent, Hayward, whose memory was as retentive as his power of accumulating documentary evidence was exhaustive, wrote an elaborate essay on the subject for the "Quarterly" or the "Edinburgh". He followed up his paper by giving his acquaintances no rest until they either assimilated or undertook to combat his views.

paragraph: In February 1848 he became one of the chief leader-writers for the Peelite organ, the "Morning Chronicle". The morbid activity of his memory, however, continued to make him many enemies. He alienated Disraeli by tracing a purple patch in his official eulogy of the Duke of Wellington to a newspaper translation from Thiers's funeral panegyric on General St Cyr. His sharp tongue had already made him an enemy of Roebuck, and he disgusted the friends of Mill by the stories he raked up for an obituary notice of the great economist ("The Times", 10 May 1873). He broke with Henry Reeve in 1874 by a venomous review of the "Greville Memoirs", in which Reeve was compared to the beggarly Scot deputed to let off the blunderbuss which Bolingbroke (Greville) had charged.

paragraph: After his break with Reeve, Hayward devoted himself more exclusively to the "Quarterly". His essays on Chesterfield and Selwyn were reprinted in 1854. Collective editions of his articles appeared in volume form in 1858, 1873 and 1874, and "Selected Essays" in two volumes, 1878. In his useful but far from flawless edition of the "Autobiography, Letters and Literary Remains of Mrs (Thrale) Piozzi" (1861), he again appears as a supplementer and continuator of J. W. Croker. His "Eminent Statesmen and Writers" (1880) commemorates to a large extent personal friendships with such men as Dumas, Cavour and Thiers, whom he knew intimately.

paragraph: Two volumes of Hayward's "Correspondence" (edited by HE Carlisle) were published in 1886. In "Vanity Fair" (27 November 1875) he may be seen as he appeared in later life.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip Harling, ‘Hayward, Abraham (1801–1884)’, "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 6 February 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antony Chessell, 'The Life and Times of Abraham Hayward, Q.C., Victorian Essayist', Lulu Publishing, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Abraham Hayward Collection' at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

description: English man of letters

wikidata_label: Abraham Hayward

wikipedia_title: Abraham Hayward


text: Galician

text: printmaking

text: woodcut

text: Santiago de Compostela

text: A Coruña

text: republican

text: Academia Imperial de Belas Artes

text: Victor Meirelles

text: João Zeferino da Costa

text: École des Beaux-Arts

text: Henri Lehmann

text: Francisco Pradilla

text: Salon

text: Escola Nacional de Belas Artes

text: Santiago de Compostela Cathedral

text: ArtNet: More works by Brocos

categories: Brazilian people of Galician descent,19th-century Brazilian painters,1936 deaths,People from Santiago de Compostela,20th-century Brazilian painters,1852 births

paragraph: Modesto Brocos

paragraph: Modesto Brocos y Gómez (9 February 1852 – 28 November 1936) was a naturalized Brazilian painter, designer and engraver of Galician origin.

paragraph: His work covers a wide variety of styles and subjects, and he was the author of several books on painting. He is also notable for his promotion of printmaking in Brazil, especially woodcuts, of which he had been one of his adopted country's first major practitioners during his time at "O Mequetrefe".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, into a humble family with artistic inclinations. His grandfather and father were writers and his brother was the sculptor , who was also his first teacher at the Academia de Belas Artes in A Coruña. At the age of eighteen, after completing his studies, he moved to Argentina, but wasn't successful there, so he moved again two years later; this time to Brazil, where he eventually found permanent work in Rio de Janeiro illustrating the mildly satirical weekly republican magazine "O Mequetrefe" (a term that describes a nosy person who is a bit of a scamp). This income enabled him to enter the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes, where he studied under Victor Meirelles and João Zeferino da Costa.

paragraph: After two years there, he moved to Paris, enrolled at the École des Beaux-Arts and took lessons from Henri Lehmann. He wasn't satisfied with what he was being taught, however, and moved again, to Madrid (where he studied briefly at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando), then on to Rome in 1883, after receiving a fellowship from the government of A Coruña. Once there, he worked with his countryman, Francisco Pradilla and spent five years at the Accademia Chigi.

paragraph: By 1890, he was exhibiting at the Salon and felt that his education was complete, so he accepted an invitation to teach at the Escola Nacional de Belas Artes (successor to the Imperial Academy) from its Director, . He was able to become a naturalized citizen with little difficulty, and was appointed the Professor of Figurative Drawing there; a position he held for the rest of his life, with a brief leave of absence to create some decorations for the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral.

paragraph: He died in Rio de Janeiro on 28 November 1936.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:Books by Brocos.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A questão do ensino de Bellas Artes", 1915. Catalog entry @ the Biblioteca Central

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Viaje a Marte", Edit. Arte y Letras, 1930 @ Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Retórica dos pintores", Typ. D’A Industria do Livro, 1933

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:Others.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francisco Pablos, "Pintores gallegos del novecientos : Serafín Avendaño, Modesto Brocos, Roman Navarro ...", A Coruña, Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza : Editorial Atlántico, 1981

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ArtNet: More works by Brocos

alias:
Modesto Brocos y Gómez
Modesto Brocos Gómez

description: Brazilian painter

wikidata_label: Modesto Brocos

wikipedia_title: Modesto Brocos


text:
Kabul
Afghanistan
Lahore
Sufi saint
Sayyid
Muhammad
Fatimah
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Twelve Imams
Bahauddin Naqshband
Battle of Karbala
Ahl al-Bayt
Medina
Musa al Kazim
Imam Hasan al-Askari
Sayyid Ali Akbar
Imam Mahdi
Bokhara
Bahauddin Naqshband
Naqshbandi Sufi Order
Hazrat Ishaan
Khorasan
Afghanistan
Sayyid Mir Mahmud
qutb
Muhammad
Ali
Fatima Al Zahra
Imam Hussain
Ali Zayn al-Abidin
Muhammad al Baqir
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Musa al Kazim
Abu Qasim Sayyid Mir Hamza
God
Sunni Islam
Sufism
Naqshbandi
Qadiriyya
Chishtiyya
Suhrawardiyya
Qalandariyya
Kubrawiyya
Madariyya
Moinuddin Naqshband
Qutb
Abdul Qadir Jilani
Ali Hujwiri
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
Bahauddin Naqshband
Moinuddin Chishti
Hazrat Ishaan
Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab
Sayyid Mahmud Agha

categories: Family of Muhammad,1800 births,Hashemite people,Sufi mystics,1901 deaths,Afghan Sufi religious leaders,Afghan Sufi saints,Muslim mystics,Sufi poets,Muslim theologians,Naqshbandi order

paragraph: Sayyid Mir Jan

paragraph: Hazrat Khwaja Sayyid Mir Jan Shah Saheb ibn Hasan Kabuli-Naqshbandi() (born in Kabul, Afghanistan in year 1800, died in year 1901 in Lahore) is an Afghan Sufi saint from Kabul.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.

paragraph: Sayyid Mir Jan was a Sayyid (a descendant of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah and his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib), both maternally and paternally. Among his paternal ancestors were seven of the Twelve Imams, and among his maternal ancestors were eleven of the Twelve Imams and Sayyid Bahauddin Naqshband, Sayyid Alauddin Atar, and Khwaja Khawand Mahmud (also known as Hazrat Ishaan) also. After the Battle of Karbala, the Ahl al-Bayt went back to Medina. From there Musa al Kazim was forced to go to Iraq. One of the descendants of Musa al-Kazim was called Khwaja Sayyid Mir Ismail Muhammad Hakim. One son of Khwaja Sayyid Mir ismail Muhammad Hakim was Khwaja Sayyid Mir Latif, an ancestor of Hazrat Sayyid Mir Jan. The descendants of Sayyid Mir Latif immigrated to Bokhara and after that to Kabul, where Sayyid Mir Jan was born. Sayyid Mir Jans maternal ancestors were Askari Sayyids, i.e. descendants of Imam Hasan al-Askari. His son was Sayyid Ali Akbar, brother of Imam Mahdi. His existence was hidden, because of political conflicts. Sayyid Ali Akbars descendants also migrated to Bokhara, where the prominent Sufi saint Bahauddin Naqshband, founder of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order, was born. A descendant of Bahauddin Naqshband after 7 generations was Hazrat Ishaan, whose descendants later immigrated to variable regions of South Asia, like Khorasan, today known as Afghanistan in order to spread the Ishaqiyya Naqshbandiyya branch´s teachings.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Family.

paragraph: Sayyid Mir Jan was a son of Sayyid Mir Hasan. Both his brothers

paragraph: chief justice Khwaja Sayyid Mir Fazlullah and Sayyid Mir Mahmud are regarded as well. His younger brother Sayyid Mahmud Agha was his disciple, becoming a qutb one rank below Sayyid Mir Jan. Other siblings included two brothers named Sayyid Mir Azimullah and Khwaja Sayyid Mir Taqiqullah, and five sisters. Sayyid Mir Jan married his wife in Medinah, and had 2 sons. His wife and his sons died during a natural disaster.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Lineage.

paragraph: The lineage of Hazrat Sayyid Mir Jan´s family is the following:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1 Muhammad

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2 Ali and Fatima Al Zahra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3 Imam Hussain Shaheede Reza

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4 Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5 Imam Muhammad al Baqir

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq

paragraph: BULLET::::- 7 Imam Musa al Kazim

paragraph: BULLET::::- 8 Abu Qasim Sayyid Mir Hamza

paragraph: BULLET::::- 9 Sayyid Mir Qasim

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10 Sayyid Mir Ahmad

paragraph: BULLET::::- 11 Sayyid Mir Muhammad

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12 Sayyid Mir Ismail Muhammad Hakim

paragraph: BULLET::::- 13 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Latif

paragraph: BULLET::::- 14 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Muhammad

paragraph: BULLET::::- 15 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Kulal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Ahmad

paragraph: BULLET::::- 17 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Hashim

paragraph: BULLET::::- 18 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Mustaali

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Dost Ali

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Muhammad Latif

paragraph: BULLET::::- 21 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Abdullah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 22 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Muhammad Shamah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 23 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Latifullah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 24 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Ruhollah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 25 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Baitullah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 26 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Nimatullah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 27 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Azimullah

paragraph: BULLET::::- 28 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Muhammad Hasan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 29 Khwaja Sayyid Mir Fazlullah, brother of Hazrat Khwaja Sayyid Mir Jan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 30 Sayyid Mir Muhammad Jan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 31 Sayyida Bibi Rahima Sadat

paragraph: BULLET::::- 32

paragraph: BULLET::::- 33 Sayyid Mir Raphael Dakik, Sayyid Mir Matin Dakik, Sayyid Mir Hamid Dakik

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early Life and education.

paragraph: Sayyid Mir Jan showed much love for God and Muhammad as a child. It is said that he was illuminated at the age of 5 years. His father Sayyid Mir Hasan was also a high ranking saint, who used to teach his sons about Sunni Islam and Sufism. Sayyid Mir Jan was educated in Kabul and became a professor of Islamic theology. Later he has built his own university in Lahore. Sayyid Mir Jan and his brother Sayyid Mahmud also wrote poems.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Spiritual journey.

paragraph: After his education in Kabul, Sayyid Mir Jan went on a spiritual journey and became the successor to many Sufi Saints who had trained him in Sufism. Sayyid Mir Jan Shah Saheb became khalifa(master) of 7 Sufi tariqats, including tariqats of the Naqshbandi, Qadiriyya, Chishtiyya, Suhrawardiyya, Qalandariyya, Kubrawiyya, and Madariyya orders. He stayed in Medina for a decade to be trained by one of his masters, and while there married a local woman. Later, he traveled to Lahore to the tomb of Hazrat Khwaja Khawand Mahmud, also known as Hazrat Eshan. Hazrat Eshan was a Sufi saint from Bukhara, whose wilayat was also in Lahore. Eshan's successors included his two sons Moinuddin Naqshband in Kashmir and Bahauddin in Lahore and their descendants until the late 18th century, by which time the lineage was lost. According to a legend, Hazrat Eshan made prophecies about Sayyid Mir Jan, naming him as his successor to revive his lineage.

paragraph: Section::::Spiritual rank.

paragraph: Sayyid Mir Jan was Qutb ul Aqtab, also called ghawth, the highest ranking Wali Allah (saint) of his time. In Sufism the Ghawth is known as the cosmic leader of the whole universe and righteous successor of prophet Muhammad. His lineage is claimed by his followers to be the only legitimate line for the next Ghawth after him.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abdul Qadir Jilani

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ali Hujwiri

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bahauddin Naqshband

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moinuddin Chishti

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hazrat Ishaan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sayyid Mahmud Agha

description: Sufi saint

wikidata_label: Sayyid Mir Jan

wikipedia_title: Sayyid Mir Jan


text: San Francisco

text: National Academy of Design

text: Hutchinson, Kansas

text: California School of Fine Arts

text: Maynard Dixon

text: Ralph Stackpole

text: bohemian

text: Diego Rivera

text: Otis Oldfield

text: Ralph Stackpole

text: Miller and Pflueger

text: Timothy L. Pflueger

text: art deco

text: Paramount Theatre (Oakland, California)

text: Sausalito

text: New York City

text: Paris

text: San Francisco Art Association

text: Bohemian Club

text: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

text: Detroit Institute of Art

text: Los Angeles County Museum of Art

text: California Palace of Fine Arts

text: Whitney Museum

text: de Young Museum

text: San Francisco Museum of Art

text: National Academy of Design

text: Golden Gate International Exposition

text: Seattle Museum

text: San Francisco Art Association

text: California Society of Etchers

text: Bohemian Club

categories: 20th-century American painters,American male painters,People of the New Deal arts projects,1952 deaths,Painters from California,Works Progress Administration workers,American muralists,Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area,Artists from Kansas,1892 births,People from Hutchinson, Kansas,San Francisco Art Institute alumni

paragraph: Charles Stafford Duncan

paragraph: Charles Stafford Duncan (1892–1952) was a San Francisco painter and lithographer perhaps best known for his mural in the Paramount Theatre in Oakland, California. He won the Benjamin Altman Prize from the National Academy of Design in 1937.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Duncan was born in Hutchinson, Kansas on December 12, 1892. At age four he moved with his family to San Francisco. He studied at the California School of Fine Arts (CSFA) under Maynard Dixon and Ralph Stackpole. Early in his career, Charles Stafford Duncan worked at the advertising firm Foster and Kleiser under another Charles Duncan. This has caused some researchers to confuse them with one another. His painting style was modernist, and was affiliated with other left-leaning, bohemian San Francisco artists who gathered around Diego Rivera, including Otis Oldfield and Ralph Stackpole.

paragraph: In 1931 Charles Stafford Duncan worked with architecture firm Miller and Pflueger (under the supervision of architect Timothy L. Pflueger and artistic director Theodore C. Bernardi) on the art deco Paramount Theatre (Oakland, California). He created the murals for the basement women's smoking lounge.

paragraph: He was a resident of San Francisco until 1945, when he moved to Sausalito, California.

paragraph: He died in New York City on June 7, 1952 at age 59 after returning from a trip to Paris. He was survived by his wife Dorothy and his daughter Jane.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Notable Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Francisco Art Association (SFAA), 1924-39 (medals & prizes);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beaux Arts Gallery (San Francisco), 1927, 1928;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bohemian Club, 1927, 1928 (prize);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA), 1928, 1930;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pacific Southwest Exposition (Long Beach), 1928 (gold medal);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Detroit Institute of Art, 1929;

paragraph: BULLET::::- California Palace of the Legion of Honor (CPLH), 1930 (prize);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), 1932;

paragraph: BULLET::::- California Palace of Fine Arts, 1932;

paragraph: BULLET::::- CGA, 1932;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Whitney Museum (New York),1933;

paragraph: BULLET::::- MM, 1933;

paragraph: BULLET::::- de Young Museum, 1935;

paragraph: BULLET::::- California Pacific International Exposition, 1935;

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Francisco Museum of Art (now called San Francisco Museum of Modern Art or SFMoMA), 1935, 1938 (solo), 1950, 1952;

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Academy of Design (NAD), 1937 (prize),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE), 1939;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seattle Museum, 1940

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Memberships.

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Francisco Art Association (SFAA);

paragraph: BULLET::::- California Society of Etchers;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bohemian Club

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Stafford Duncan works at Fine Art Museums of San Francisco (FAMSF)

description: artist

wikidata_label: Charles Stafford Duncan

wikipedia_title: Charles Stafford Duncan


text:
Sufi
Allahabad
Shah Jahan
Wahdat al-Wujud
Khairabad, Sitapur
Awadh
Fariduddin Ganjshakar
Chishti Order
Shah Jahan
Allahabad
preceptor
Shah Jahan
Dara Shikoh
Muhammad
Khanqah
Hindu
Ibn Arabi
Andalusia
Wahdat al-Wujud
Akbar
Ala ud-Daula Simnani
Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri
Jaunpur
ulama
Aurangzeb
Gabriel
Sayyid Muhammad Qannauji
Sharia
Mohsin Fani
Kashmir
Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari
Rajab
urs
Qazi Ghasi
Mohammadi Fayyaz
Sayyid Muhammad Qanauji

categories: 1587 births,Indian Sufi saints,Sufi poets

paragraph: Muhibullah Allahabadi

paragraph: Shaykh (or Shah) Muhibullah Allahabadi, or Muhibb ullah Ilahabadi (; 1587–30 July 1648) was a Sufi scholar who was active in Allahabad in northern India during the reign of the Mughul emperor Shah Jahan. He is noted as a leading proponent of the Sufi doctrine of "Wahdat al-Wujud", sometimes called "Oneness of Being". Some Sufis consider that he was a saint.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Muhibullah was born in 1587 A.D near Khairabad, Sitapur, Awadh in India.

paragraph: He was a descendant of Fariduddin Ganjshakar.

paragraph: His home was in Sadarpur in Awadh.

paragraph: There he compiled a commentary in Arabic on Ibn Arabi's Fusus ul-Hikam.

paragraph: He was initiated into the Sabiriya branch of the Chishti Order of Sufis with the help of Shaikh Abu Said Gangohi, and visited major Chishti places of pilgrimage and centers before settling in Allahabad in 1628, where he spent the rest of his life.

paragraph: He was active during the reign of the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (r. 1628–58).

paragraph: Muhibullah founded the Indo-Islamic literary culture in Allahabad, with his many writings on obscure Sufi topics in both Persian and Arabic.

paragraph: In Muhibullah's view social relationships should be guided by the unity of Being.

paragraph: He was the preceptor of Shah Jahan's son, prince Dara Shikoh.

paragraph: In response to an inquiry from the prince he wrote that the state should not make a distinction between Muslims and Hindus, since God did not discriminate between his creations.

paragraph: God had sent Muhammad as "Rahmat al Alameen", mercy for all of creation, not only for Muslims.

paragraph: Many devotees visited Muhibullah's "Khanqah", including both Moslems and Hindus.

paragraph: Muhibullah thought that mystic knowledge could be obtained from Hindus, and quoted the Hindu theory of cosmogony in a letter, but seems to have had no more than a very superficial understanding of Hindu mysticism.

paragraph: Muhibullah followed the teachings of Ibn Arabi (1165-1240), the great Sufi poet and mystic from Andalusia, and was himself called "Shaikh-e Kabir" (the great master).

paragraph: Ibn Arabi had formulated the most advanced formulation of the "Tawhid wajudi" ("Wahdat al-Wujud") doctrine, a fundamental Sufist doctrine.

paragraph: In the Sufi interpretation of the doctrine the face of God is seen everywhere, but that does not mean that everything that exists is an aspect of Divine unity.

paragraph: Muhibullah Allahabadi strongly supported the "Tawhid wajudi" doctrine, and was called Sheikh Ibn Arabi II because of his depth of understanding of the doctrine.

paragraph: Muhibullah wrote several books, most notably "Taswiyah", in which he ardently defended the doctrine.

paragraph: The doctrine was highly fashionable during Akbar's reign (1556–1605), because Sheikh Tajuddin Zakaria Ajodhini used to talk of it privately to Akbar.

paragraph: Muhibullah considered that the works of Ibn Arabi should not be interpreted either literally or metaphysically, and had more respect for Ibn Arabi's critics such as Shaikh Ala ud-Daula Simnani and Mir Saiyid Muhammad Gesu Daraz than for commentators who simply glossed over Ibn Arabi's work.

paragraph: He was opposed by Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri (of Jaunpur) and his followers who attacked Sufism in general and emphasized the importance of rational thought as opposed to dogma and mysticism.

paragraph: Some "ulama" said that his views about Appearance and Reality were heretical, and Muhibullah should not be considered a Muslim.

paragraph: A fatwa was issued for his execution, which was only averted with considerable difficulty.

paragraph: Muhibullah Allahabadi died on 30 July 1648.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707) may have suspected the orthodoxy of the doctrine of "wahdat-ul wajud" propounded by Shah Muhibbullah.

paragraph: Aurangzeb threatened to burn his book in which he called Gabriel a hidden spiritual power in the Prophet rather than a winged angel.

paragraph: It is said that Aurangzeb summoned Muhibbullah's disciple Sayyid Muhammad Qannauji, and asked him to explain how some of Muhibbullah's statements could be reconciled with "Sharia". Qannauji replied that he could only explain Muhibbullah's words when he reached a similar spiritual status, which was far above his present condition. He also said that the emperor had enough fire in his kitchen and did not have to use a poor man's fire.

paragraph: The important shrine of Daira Shah Hujjatulla in Allahabad was founded by Muhibullah.

paragraph: Sheikh Mohsin Fani of Kashmir, a disciple of Molla Serf, celebrated Muhibullah in one of his poems.

paragraph: Muhibullah had invested Mohisan Fani in the sacred costume of the Dervish.

paragraph: Muhibullah was considered an important saint by the Sabiriya order of Sufis, founded by Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari.

paragraph: In the early 20th century the month of Rajab was treated as a time for holiness and festivities in Allahabad, since it was not just the month of the Prophet's ascension but also the month of Muhibullah's urs.

paragraph: Section::::Followers.

paragraph: Prominent followers of Muhibullah included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qazi Ghasi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mohammadi Fayyaz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sayyid Muhammad Qanauji

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abdul Rashid

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qazi Muhammad Yusuf Salis Bilgrami

paragraph: Qazi Mohammad Yusuf Salis Bilgrami (d. unknown) was a Sufi disciple of shiekh Muhibullah Ilahabadi, the friend of Mughal Royal Dara Shikoh. His father, Qazi Abul Makarim was a learned Man and served as a Qazi of Bilgram, his home- town in Awadh. Initially Qazi Muhammad Yusuf Salis was Faujdar in the Province of Malwah, but later he renounced worldly career as it was incompatible with his Sufi way of life. Prince Dara Shikoh formulated sixteen questions of exploring fundamental nature exploring the entire discipline of Sufism and sent them to Shiekh Muhibullah Allahabadi. At his teacher’s indication, Qazi Muhammad Yusuf Salis drafted their answers for submission to the Prince, naming the work: Hadyat us Sultaniyah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahmad

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: A great many of Muhibullah's letters have been preserved, including a letter from Dara Shikoh (1615–59) with a list of questions on esoteric Sufi questions, and the detailed reply from Muhibullah.

paragraph: Surviving writings by Muhibullah include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sharh-i-Fūsūs ul-Hikam", an abstruse commentary in simple Persian on Ibn Arabi's "Fūsūs ul-Hikam"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ibādat ul Khawāss", code of prayers leading to spiritual discipline

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Haft-Akhām", discussion of the seven points leading to spiritual discipline

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ghāyat-ul-Ghāyāt

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Taswiyah (Equalization)", defense of the doctrine of "Tawhid wajudi"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miftāh ul-'ashiqin", often quoted as the sayings of Nasīr ud-Din Mahmūd Chirāgh-i-Dehli.

paragraph: Other surviving writings are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tarjamat al-kitāb", Sufi commentary on the Koran

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anfās al-khawāșș", mystical theories based on the lives and sayings of prophets and saints

description: Sufi poet and saint

wikidata_label: Muhibullah Allahabadi

wikipedia_title: Muhibullah Allahabadi