text: Birmingham

text: rock

text: Electric Light Orchestra

text: the Move

text: Roy Wood

text: the Idle Race

text: Armchair Theatre

text: Long Wave

text: supergroup

text: Traveling Wilburys

text: George Harrison

text: Bob Dylan

text: Roy Orbison

text: Tom Petty

text: collaborations with former Beatles

text: Anthology

text: Free as a Bird

text: Real Love

text: Top 10

text: Cloud Nine

text: Mystery Girl

text: Full Moon Fever

text: Into the Great Wide Open

text: Flaming Pie

text: Paul McCartney

text: Get Up!

text: Bryan Adams

text: Birmingham Walk of Stars

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text: Ivor Novello Awards

text: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

text: Shard End

text: Birmingham

text: Brummie

text: Bang & Olufsen

text: Birmingham Evening Mail

text: the Idle Race

text: Roy Wood

text: the Move

text: the Move

text: Bev Bevan

text: classical music

text: Electric Light Orchestra

text: eponymous first album

text: ELO 2

text: On the Third Day

text: Eldorado

text: Face the Music

text: A New World Record

text: Louis Clark

text: Richard Tandy

text: Moog

text: harmonium

text: Mellotron

text: Kelly Groucutt

text: Out of the Blue

text: Discovery

text: Shine a Little Love

text: Last Train to London

text: Don't Bring Me Down

text: Knebworth Concert

text: Led Zeppelin

text: musical

text: Xanadu

text: I'm Alive

text: All Over The World

text: Xanadu

text: cult favourite

text: Time

text: Secret Messages

text: Balance of Power

text: the Beatles

text: With a Little Help from My Friends

text: Nowhere Man

text: All This and World War II

text: disco

text: Doin' That Crazy Thing

text: Goin' Down to Rio

text: Video!

text: Electric Dreams

text: Sooner Or Later

text: Everly Brothers

text: Slipping Away

text: Dave Edmunds

text: Riff Raff

text: baroque

text: Roger McGuinn

text: snare drum

text: George Harrison

text: Cloud Nine

text: Got My Mind Set on You

text: When We Was Fab

text: This Is Love

text: Traveling Wilburys

text: supergroup

text: Tom Petty

text: Bob Dylan

text: Roy Orbison

text: Vol. 1

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text: Mystery Girl

text: You Got It

text: Rock On!

text: Del Shannon

text: Full Moon Fever

text: Free Fallin'

text: I Won't Back Down

text: Runnin' Down a Dream

text: Grammy Award

text: One Way Love

text: Agnetha Fältskog

text: ABBA

text: Eyes of a Woman

text: Let It Shine

text: Beach Boys

text: Brian Wilson

text: first solo album

text: Duane Eddy

text: Land of Dreams

text: Randy Newman

text: Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3

text: Armchair Theatre

text: Every Little Thing

text: Into the Great Wide Open

text: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

text: Learning to Fly

text: King of Hearts

text: I Drove All Night

text: Anthology

text: John Lennon

text: Free as a Bird

text: Real Love

text: Ringo Starr

text: Paul McCartney

text: Flaming Pie

text: Julianna Raye

text: Roger McGuinn

text: Back from Rio

text: Joe Cocker

text: Night Calls

text: Aerosmith

text: Tom Jones

text: Bonnie Tyler

text: Time Mends a Broken Heart

text: Still Crazy

text: Hank Marvin

text: Wonderful Land

text: Tandy Morgan Band

text: Ivor Novello Award

text: ELO Part II

text: Zoom

text: Ringo Starr

text: CBS Television City

text: PBS

text: Brainwashed

text: Concert for George

text: The Inner Light

text: I Want to Tell You

text: Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)

text: Surround Sound

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text: Handle with Care

text: Dhani Harrison

text: While My Guitar Gently Weeps

text: Prince

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text: Reuters

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text: Joe Walsh

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text: Mr. Blue Sky

text: Ed Sheeran

text: Columbia Records

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text: Alone in the Universe

text: Dublin

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text: Jeff Lynne's ELO

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text: ASCAP

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text: Songwriters Hall of Fame

text: Songwriters Hall of Fame

text: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee

text: Armchair Theatre

text: Long Wave

text: The Idle Race discography

text: the Move discography

text: Electric Light Orchestra discography

text: Traveling Wilburys discography

text: Jeff Lynne and the Beatles

text: Jeff Lynne Song Database

categories: The Idle Race members,The Move members,Slide guitarists,English rock singers,Ivor Novello Award winners,Traveling Wilburys members,Rhythm guitarists,Musicians from Birmingham, West Midlands,English multi-instrumentalists,Electric Light Orchestra members,English rock guitarists,1947 births,English expatriates in the United States,English singer-songwriters,Lead guitarists,Living people,Jeff Lynne,English composers,English record producers,British music arrangers,English male singers

paragraph: Jeff Lynne

paragraph: Jeffrey Lynne (born 30 December 1947) is an English songwriter, singer, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist from Birmingham who co-founded the rock band Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). The group formed in 1970 as an offshoot of the Move, of which Lynne was also a member. Following the departure of Roy Wood in 1972, Lynne assumed sole leadership of the band and wrote, arranged and produced virtually all of its subsequent records. Before, Lynne was also involved with the Idle Race as a founding member and principal songwriter.

paragraph: After ELO's original disbandment in 1986, Lynne released two solo albums: "Armchair Theatre" (1990) and "Long Wave" (2012). Additionally, he began producing various artists. In 1988, under the pseudonyms Otis Wilbury and Clayton Wilbury, he co-founded the supergroup Traveling Wilburys with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, and Tom Petty. Lynne's songwriting and production collaborations with former Beatles led him to co-produce their "Anthology" reunion singles "Free as a Bird" (1995) and "Real Love" (1996). In 2014, Lynne reformed ELO and resumed concert touring under the moniker "Jeff Lynne's ELO".

paragraph: Lynne produced all fifteen ELO singles that rose to the Top 10 record charts in the UK. His producing credits also include the UK or US Top 10 albums "Cloud Nine" (Harrison, 1987), "Mystery Girl" (Orbison, 1989), "Full Moon Fever" (Petty, 1989), "Into the Great Wide Open" (Petty, 1991), "Flaming Pie" (Paul McCartney, 1997) and "Get Up!" (Bryan Adams, 2015). In 2014, Lynne received a star on the Birmingham Walk of Stars, and in 2015, was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He received three Ivor Novello Awards including the award for Outstanding Services to British Music. In 2017, Lynne was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of ELO.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Lynne was born to Nancy and Philip Lynne and grew up in Shard End, Birmingham, England where he attended Alderlea Boys' Secondary School. As a native of Birmingham he has a flat Brummie accent. His first guitar, an acoustic instrument, was bought for him by his father for £2. He was still playing it in 2012. In 1963 he formed a group with Robert Reader and David Walsh using little more than Spanish guitars and cheap electrical instruments. They were originally named the Rockin' Hellcats, then the Handicaps and finally the Andicaps. They practised at Shard End Community Centre and performed weekly. However, in 1964, Robert Reader and David Walsh left the band and Lynne brought in replacements. At the end of 1964, Lynne decided to leave the band to replace Mick Adkins of the local band "the Chads".

paragraph: Some time in or after 1965, he acquired his first item of studio recording equipment, a Bang & Olufsen 'Beocord 2000 De Luxe' stereo reel-to-reel tape recorder, which allowed multi-tracking between left and right channels. He says it "taught me how to be a producer". In 1966, Lynne joined the line-up of the Nightriders as guitarist, having responded to an advertisement in the Birmingham Evening Mail. The band would soon change their name to the Idle Race. Despite recording two critically acclaimed albums with the band and producing the second, success eluded him. In 1970, Lynne accepted an offer from friend Roy Wood to join the line-up of the more successful band the Move.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:1970–86: The Move and ELO.

paragraph: Lynne contributed many songs to the Move's last two albums while formulating, with Roy Wood and Bev Bevan, a band built around a fusion of rock and classical music - a project which would eventually become the highly successful Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). The original idea was that both bands would exist in tandem. Bevan has, however, since suggested that Lynne had little interest in the Move, stating:

paragraph: ""The only reason Jeff Lynne ever joined the Move was to form a new band. He was never interested in being a part of the Move. It was a good, money-earning band. It really subsidised the beginning of ELO for getting musicians in and recording and rehearsals and stuff. Jeff never wanted to be in the Move. He wanted to form a new band.""

paragraph: Problems led to Wood's departure from ELO in 1972, after the band's eponymous first album, leaving Lynne as the band's dominant creative force. Thereafter followed a succession of band personnel changes and increasingly popular albums: 1973's "ELO 2" and "On the Third Day", 1974's "Eldorado" and 1975's "Face the Music". By 1976's "A New World Record", Lynne had almost developed the roots of the group into a more complex and unique pop-rock sound mixed with studio strings, layered vocals, and tight, catchy pop singles. Lynne's now almost complete creative dominance as producer, songwriter, arranger, lead singer and guitarist could make ELO appear to be an almost solo effort. However, the ELO sound and the focus of Lynne's writing was also shaped by Louis Clark's and Richard Tandy's co-arranging, under Lynne's direction (notably the large string sections), and Bev Bevan's drumming, while Richard Tandy's integration of the Moog, harmonium, and Mellotron, with more novel keyboard technology, gave Lynne's songs a more symphonic sound. Kelly Groucutt's distinctive voice mixed with Lynne's to produce the classic ELO harmonic vocal sound.

paragraph: The pinnacle of ELO's chart success and worldwide popularity was the expansive 1977 double album "Out of the Blue", which was largely conceived in a Swiss chalet during a two-week writing marathon. The band's 1978 world tour featured an elaborate "space ship" set and laser light show. In order to recreate the complex instrumental textures of their albums, the band used pre-recorded supplemental backing tracks in live performances. Although that practice has now become commonplace, it caused considerable derision in the press of the time. Lynne has often stated that he prefers the creative environment of the studio to the rigours and tedium of touring. In 1979, Lynne followed up the success of "Out of the Blue" with "Discovery", which held No. 1 in the UK for 5 weeks. The album is primarily associated with its two disco-flavoured singles ("Shine a Little Love" and "Last Train to London") and with the title's word play on "disco" and "very". However, the remaining seven non-disco tracks on the album reflected Lynne's range as a pop-rock songwriter, including a heavy, mid-tempo rock anthem ("Don't Bring Me Down") that, despite its use of a drum loop, could be considered the antithesis of disco. Lynne later recalled his forays into dance music: "I love the force of disco. I love the freedom it gave me to make different rhythms across it. I enjoyed that really steady driving beat. Just steady as a rock. I’ve always liked that simplicity in the bass drum."

paragraph: In 1979, Lynne rejected an offer for ELO to headline the Knebworth Concert in the UK, allowing Led Zeppelin to headline instead. In the absence of any touring to support "Discovery", Lynne had time to contribute five tracks to the soundtrack for the 1980 film musical "Xanadu". The score yielded three Top 40 singles: "I'm Alive" (UK No. 20), "All Over The World" (UK No. 11), and the title track "Xanadu", which reached number one in the UK. Nevertheless, Lynne was not closely involved with the development of the film, and his material consequently had only superficial attachment to the plot. "Xanadu" performed weakly at the box office (although it later has experienced popularity as a cult favourite). Lynne subsequently disavowed his limited contribution to the project.

paragraph: In 1981, Lynne took the band in a somewhat different direction with the science-fiction themed album "Time", reaching number one for two weeks in the UK, producing the second Top 3 single in less than two years. The strings were still featured, but with heavily synthesised textures. Following a marginally successful tour, Lynne kept this general approach with 1983's "Secret Messages" and a final contractually-obligated ELO album "Balance of Power" in 1986. Lynne discusses the contractually-obligated nature of the final albums on the short interview included with the 'Zoom' DVD. ELO now had only three remaining official members (Lynne, Bevan and Tandy), and Lynne began devoting more time to producing. During his time in the Electric Light Orchestra, Lynne did manage to release a few recordings under his own name. In 1976, Lynne covered the Beatles songs "With a Little Help from My Friends" and "Nowhere Man" for "All This and World War II". In 1977, Lynne released his first solo single, the disco-flavoured "Doin' That Crazy Thing"/"Goin' Down to Rio". Despite ELO's high-profile at that time, it received little airplay and failed to chart.

paragraph: In 1984, Lynne and Tandy contributed two original songs "Video!" and "Let It Run" to the film "Electric Dreams" (they also provided a third song, "Sooner Or Later", which was released as the b-side of "Video!"). Lynne also wrote the song "The Story of Me," which was recorded by the Everly Brothers on their comeback album "EB84". Even before the official end of ELO, Lynne began his move toward focusing almost exclusively on studio production work. Lynne produced and wrote the 1983 top-40 hit "Slipping Away" for Dave Edmunds and played on sessions (with Tandy) for Edmunds' album, "Information". Lynne also produced six tracks on Edmunds' follow-up album in 1984, "Riff Raff". In contrast to the dense, boomy, baroque sound of ELO, Lynne's post-ELO studio work has tended toward more minimal, acoustic instrumentation and a sparse, "organic" quality that generally favours light room ambience and colouration over artificial reverb, especially on vocals. Lynne's recordings also often feature the jangling compressed acoustic guitar sound pioneered by Roger McGuinn and a heavily gated snare drum sound.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:1987–91: Traveling Wilburys.

paragraph: Lynne's influence by the Beatles was clearly evident in his ELO work, and the connection to the Beatles was strengthened when Lynne produced George Harrison's "Cloud Nine." The latter was a successful comeback album for Harrison, released in 1987, featuring the popular singles "Got My Mind Set on You", "When We Was Fab" (where Lynne played the violin in the video) and "This Is Love", the last two of which were co-written by Lynne. Lynne's association with Harrison led to the 1988 formation of the Traveling Wilburys, a studio "supergroup" that also included Tom Petty, Bob Dylan and Roy Orbison and resulted in two albums ("Vol. 1" and "Vol. 3"), both produced by Harrison and Lynne. In 1988, Lynne also worked on Orbison's album "Mystery Girl", co-writing and producing Orbison's last major hit, "You Got It", plus two other tracks on that album. For "Rock On!", the final Del Shannon album, Lynne co-wrote "Walk Away" and finished off several tracks after Shannon's death.

paragraph: In 1989, Lynne co-produced "Full Moon Fever" by Tom Petty, which included the hit singles "Free Fallin'", "I Won't Back Down" and "Runnin' Down a Dream", all co-written by Lynne. This album and "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1" received nominations for the Grammy Award for Best Album of the Year in 1989. The Traveling Wilburys won a Grammy for "Best Rock Performance By a Duo or Group with Vocal" that year. Lynne's song "One Way Love" was released as a single by Agnetha Fältskog and appeared on her second post-ABBA album, "Eyes of a Woman". Lynne co-wrote and produced the track "Let It Shine" for Beach Boys founder Brian Wilson's first solo album in 1988. Lynne also contributed three tracks to an album by Duane Eddy and "Falling in Love" on "Land of Dreams" for Randy Newman.

paragraph: In 1990, Lynne collaborated on the Wilburys' follow up "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3" and released his first solo album "Armchair Theatre". The album featured Harrison and Tandy and included the singles "Every Little Thing" and "Lift Me Up". It received some positive critical attention but little commercial success. Lynne also provided the song "Wild Times" to the motion picture soundtrack "" in 1991. In 1991, Lynne returned to the studio with Petty, co-writing and producing the album "Into the Great Wide Open" for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, which featured the singles "Learning to Fly" and "Into the Great Wide Open". The following year he produced Roy Orbison's posthumous album "King of Hearts", featuring the single "I Drove All Night".

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:1990s–2000s.

paragraph: In February 1994, Lynne worked with the three surviving Beatles on the "Anthology" album series. At Harrison's request, Lynne was brought in to assist in reevaluating John Lennon's original studio material. The songs "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love" were created by digitally processing Lennon's demos for the songs and overdubbing the three surviving band members to form a virtual Beatles reunion that the band had mutually eschewed during Lennon's lifetime. Lynne has also produced records for Ringo Starr and worked on Paul McCartney's Grammy nominated album "Flaming Pie".

paragraph: Lynne's work in the 1990s also includes production of a 1993 album for singer-songwriter Julianna Raye entitled "Something Peculiar" and production or songwriting contributions to albums by Roger McGuinn ("Back from Rio") and Joe Cocker ("Night Calls"), songs by Aerosmith ("Lizard Love"), Tom Jones ("Lift Me Up"), Bonnie Tyler ("Time Mends a Broken Heart"), the film "Still Crazy", Hank Marvin ("Wonderful Land" and "Nivram"), Et Moi ("Drole De Vie") and the Tandy Morgan Band ("Action"). In 1996, Lynne was officially recognised by his peers when he was awarded the Ivor Novello Award for "Outstanding Contributions to British Music" for a second time.

paragraph: Bev Bevan sold his 50% rights to the ELO name to Lynne, after Lynne initiated legal action regarding Bevan's touring group ELO Part II. This allowed Lynne to release a new album in 2001 under the ELO moniker entitled "Zoom". The album featured guest appearances by Ringo Starr, George Harrison and Richard Tandy, with Lynne multi-tracking a majority of the instruments and vocals. The album received positive reviews but had no hit singles. It was marketed as a "return to the classic ELO sound" in an attempt to connect with a loyal body of fans and to jump-start a planned concert tour (with Lynne and Tandy as the only returning original ELO members). While a live performance was taped at CBS Television City over two consecutive nights and shown on PBS (with subsequent DVD release), the tour itself was cancelled.

paragraph: Earlier in 2001, Lynne began working with George Harrison on what would turn out to be Harrison's final album, "Brainwashed". After Harrison's death from cancer on 29 November 2001, Lynne returned to the studio in 2002 to help finish the uncompleted album. Lynne was heavily involved in the memorial "Concert for George", held at London's Royal Albert Hall in November 2002, which also featured Traveling Wilburys member Petty. Lynne sang the lead vocal on "The Inner Light", "I Want to Tell You" and "Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)", and subsequently produced the Surround Sound audio mix for the "Concert for George" DVD, released in November 2003, which later received a Grammy. Lynne reunited in 2006 with Petty to produce the latter's third solo release, "Highway Companion". In 2004, Lynne and Petty inducted Harrison into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, then played "Handle with Care" with Dhani Harrison, also "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" adding Prince, Steve Winwood, and others.

paragraph: In a Reuters article on 23 April 2009, Lynne said that he had been working on the follow-up to his 1990 solo debut album "Armchair Theatre" with a possible tentative release date of "later this year". He also produced four tracks on Regina Spektor's fifth album "Far", released 23 June 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2010s.

paragraph: In a March 2010 interview with the "Daily Express" newspaper, Lynne confirmed he was working on a new album with Joe Walsh and simultaneously "writing a couple of albums under his own name, though he won't tell us in which musical direction he's heading." Lynne contributed a cover of Buddy Holly's "Words of Love" for the tribute album "", which was released on 6 September 2011. On 31 December 2011, Brian Williams reported on NBC New Year's Eve with Carson Daly that "2012 releases will include rare new work from Jeff Lynne."

paragraph: In 2012, Walsh released his "Analog Man" album which was produced by Lynne. Lynne's second solo album, a covers album entitled "Long Wave", was released on 8 October 2012. A greatest hits collection of re-recorded ELO songs by Lynne titled "" was also released under the ELO moniker on the same day. Lynne suggested that a new album with original material may be released during 2013. In 2012, Lynne and Tandy teamed up at Lynne's Bungalow Palace home studios to record a live set of ELO's songs. This was broadcast on TV as part of the "Mr. Blue Sky" documentary. Lynne and Tandy reunited again on 12 November 2013 to perform, under the name Jeff Lynne and Friends, "Livin' Thing" and "Mr. Blue Sky" at the Children in Need Rocks concert at Hammersmith Eventim Apollo, London.

paragraph: On 9 February 2014, Lynne performed George Harrison's "Something" with Joe Walsh and Dhani Harrison on "", as well as "Hey Bulldog" from the "Yellow Submarine soundtrack", while accompanying Dave Grohl, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Beatles' performance on "The Ed Sullivan Show". On 5 March 2014, Lynne received an honorary doctorate degree from Birmingham City University. He also mentioned he was working with Bryan Adams on new material. On 14 September 2014, Jeff Lynne and his touring band, under the name Jeff Lynne's ELO, played a public concert for the first time in over 25 years, headlining at the Radio 2 festival in Hyde Park, London. Never particularly enthusiastic for live performance even in his younger days, Lynne has called this event "easily the best concert I've ever been involved with".

paragraph: On 8 February 2015, Lynne appeared at the Grammy Awards, playing "Evil Woman" and "Mr. Blue Sky" with Ed Sheeran.

paragraph: On 10 September 2015, Lynne's website announced he had signed a contract to deliver an album of new ELO music for Columbia Records marking the first time in 14 years new ELO music would be released. On 24 September 2015, "When I Was a Boy", the first single from "Alone in the Universe" was released on the internet with a music video scheduled not long after. The album was released on 13 November 2015 and was followed by promotional shows including the first ELO shows in the United States in 30 years. A 2016 European tour was scheduled, with Dublin, Amsterdam and Zurich being some of the locations toured. Notably, the Dublin concert was delayed by a week due to medical advice given to Lynne.

paragraph: On 24 June 2017, Lynne performed at Wembley Stadium to a crowd of 60,000, playing a 24-song setlist including 'Xanadu', 'Do Ya' and 'Twilight'. The concert was released on DVD and CD, under the title "Wembley or Bust".

paragraph: On August 2, 2018, Lynne and his band Jeff Lynne's ELO began a 10-city tour of North America which included the US cities of Oakland, California and Los Angeles, Denver, Houston, Dallas, Rosemont, Illinois, Detroit, New York City, Philadelphia and Toronto.

paragraph: On September 12, 2018, Jeff Lynne's ELO began a tour throughout Europe including dates in Stockholm, Oslo, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Berlin, Munich, Mannheim, Vienna, Amsterdam, Nottingham, Glasgow, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Birmingham, Leeds, London, Liverpool, Dublin, and Belfast.

paragraph: On June 20, 2019, Jeff Lynnes’s ELO began a North American tour with Dhani Harrison.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lynne has been married twice: first to Rosemary (née Adams, b. 1952) in 1972 (divorced 1977) and then to Sandi Kapelson in 1979, with whom he has two daughters: Laura (born December 1979) and Stephanie (born 1981). He is a fan of Birmingham City F.C.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Golden Note Award from the ASCAP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: Songwriters Hall of Fame nominee for 2014 induction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Star on the Birmingham Walk of Stars.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Songwriters Hall of Fame nominee for 2016 induction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: Songwriters Hall of Fame nominee for 2017 induction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee as a member of Electric Light Orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::Solo albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Armchair Theatre" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Long Wave" (2012)

paragraph: Section::::Producer discography.

paragraph: See also: The Idle Race discography, the Move discography, Electric Light Orchestra discography, Traveling Wilburys discography

paragraph: Section::::Producer discography.:Albums.

paragraph: Co-produced

paragraph: Section::::Producer discography.:Soundtracks.

paragraph: Co-produced

paragraph: Section::::Producer discography.:Singles.

paragraph: A-sides co-produced

paragraph: B-sides

paragraph: B-sides co-produced

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeff Lynne and the Beatles

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Van der Kiste, John "Jeff Lynne: The Electric Light Orchestra, before and after", (Stroud: Fonthill Media, 2015)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeff Lynne Song Database

wikipedia_title: Jeff Lynne


text:
Landskron
Münch family
Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs
Habsburg
Dauphin Louis XI
Jean V de Bueil
Armagnacs
Swiss Eidgenossenschaft
Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs
Swiss patriotic historiography
last stand
rosarium
one hundred years ago
rose garden
cantonal "tir"

paragraph: Burkhard VII. Münch

paragraph: Burkhard VII. Münch (died 29 August 1444) was a knight and life peer, a renowned late member of the Landskron branch of the Münch family. His reputation rests primarily on his death at the Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs.

paragraph: Burkhard's death spelled the end of the family Münch of Landskron, which ended completely when his brother Johann IX. died in 1461.

paragraph: Section::::St. Jakob an der Birs.

paragraph: Being a Habsburg faithful, Burkhard rode as knight with Dauphin Louis XI and Jean V de Bueil. He was also named by the French as Bourgeamoine. He joined the Armagnacs in the battle against the Swiss Eidgenossenschaft as negotiator, translator and guide. His demeanour following the Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs is a theme in Swiss patriotic historiography.

paragraph: The Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs was fought on 26 August 1444. The Swiss had attacked a much larger force of Armagnac mercenaries, and as the offensive party categorically refused to surrender. They retreated to a last stand in a small hospital of St. Jakob, where they were decimated by artillery.

paragraph: As the Dauphin's translator, Burkhard was sent as negotiator to the decimated Swiss in the hospital to offer them the chance of honorable surrender and safe conduct.

paragraph: But as he rode into the hospital, and the many dead and wounded among the Swiss he is said to have raised the visor of his helmet and mocked the "Eidgenossen" in a phrase that would become famous in Swiss historiography: "Ich siche in ein rossegarten, den min fordren geret hand vor 100 [hunderd] joren" ("I gaze out into a rosarium, that my ancestors planted one hundred years ago").

paragraph: Provoked by this arrogant phrase, one of the dying Swiss, one Arnold Schick of Uri, hurled a rock into the open visor. The equally famous answer that accompanied the throw was reported as: "Da friss eine der Rosen!" ("Here, eat one of the roses").

paragraph: Burkhard fell from his saddle and was dragged from the battlefield. He died from his wounds three days later.

paragraph: The Swiss refusal to surrender led to the storming of the hospital, in which the defenders were killed nearly to the last man.

paragraph: Section::::In modern Swiss national historiography.

paragraph: The contrast of the cultured nobleman alluding to the literary trope of the rose garden on the battlefield to the laconic reply of the dying Swiss captain appears in patriotic accounts of Swiss history during the 18th and 19th centuries. So in Johannes von Müller (1805),

paragraph: Burkhard is depicted as a coward who watched the battle from afar, and after the battle came "riding among and over the mighty dead bodies", as he noted "the agony of one of the heroes, he intended to sour his last moments with mockery, he cried, with laughter, to the noblemen 'today we bathe in roses!'", and of the dying captain: "anger revived his spirits, 'eat one of the roses!' the dying hero cried, and hurled with strength and truly aimed, the rock squashed his eyes, his nose, his mouth, blind and speechless lord Burkhard sank to the ground, and suffered, until on the third day death ended his pain, and he was not buried in the tomb of his fathers."

paragraph: A depiction of Arnold Schick throwing the rock, with the inscription citing his dictum of ""Da friss eine der Rosen" alongside "Für Freiheit und Vaterland" ("For Liberty and Fatherland") appears on a silver medal cast for the cantonal "tir" at Binningen, Basel in 1893.

wikidata_label: Burkhard VII. Münch

wikipedia_title: Burkhard VII. Münch


text:
Capua
Valladolid
condottiero
Italian Wars
Rocca d'Evandro
Gaetani
Ferdinand I of Naples
Ferdinand II
Charles VIII of France
French invasion of Italy
Frederick IV
Prospero Colonna
Battle of Cerignola
Challenge of Barletta
Ferdinand the Catholic
Miglionico
fief
Republic of Venice
Fabrizio Colonna
Battle of Ravenna
Risorgimento
Fascism
Massimo D'Azeglio
Ettore Fieramosca
Alessandro Blasetti
Ettore Fieramosca
protected cruiser
submarine

paragraph: Ettore Fieramosca

paragraph: Ettore Fieramosca or Ferramosca (Capua, 1476 – Valladolid, 20 January 1515) was an Italian condottiero and nobleman during the Italian Wars. His father was Rainaldo, baron of Rocca d'Evandro, and it is thought that his mother was a noble woman from the Gaetani family.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ettore served as a page to Ferdinand I of Naples and later became a "condottiero" for Ferdinand II. As such he fought against Charles VIII of France in 1493, during the French invasion of Italy. He continued to serve Frederick IV against the kings of France and Spain, but after Frederick's defeat in 1501, he turned to serve Prospero Colonna against France for Spain in the Battle of Cerignola. In 1503 he led thirteen Italian knights to victory over thirteen French in the Challenge of Barletta ("Disfida di Barletta"). Later he served Ferdinand the Catholic, king of Spain, who made him count of Miglionico. Because he was stripped of some of his fief, he fought once more against Spain and France under the Republic of Venice and Fabrizio Colonna. In 1512 he fought at the Battle of Ravenna. Reconciled with Ferdinand, he died in Spain in 1515.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: During the "Risorgimento" and the rise of Fascism, he was presented as a national hero and became the subject of national celebrations. Massimo D'Azeglio wrote an 1833 novel "Ettore Fieramosca", in an effort to boost Italian patriotism. In 1909 and again in 1915 he was the main subject of two Italian silent films, both named "Ettore Fieramosca". In 1938, during the Fascist era, Alessandro Blasetti directed a sound film "Ettore Fieramosca". Two warships, the protected cruiser and the submarine , were named after him.

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Ettore Fieramosca

wikipedia_title: Ettore Fieramosca


text:
Rudolph IV
Theodoric III, Count of Montbéliard
Rudolph V
Guillemette
Reginald of Burgundy

categories: 1285 deaths,Medieval Swiss nobility,Counts of Neuchâtel,13th-century people of the Holy Roman Empire,13th-century births

paragraph: Amadeus, Count of Neuchâtel

paragraph: Amadeus, Count of Neufchâtel (died 1285) was a son of Count Rudolph IV and his wife, Sybille of Montbéliard. In 1272, he succeeded his father as Count of Neuchâtel. However, his brothers questioned the legitimacy of his sole rule and demanded a share of his inheritance. They asked the grandfather Theodoric III, Count of Montbéliard to arbitrate the dispute. Theodoric deviated from the usual practice in those days, and decided that the county should be regarded as an indivisible entity. He awarded the county to Amadeus, but acknowledged that his brothers were entitled to a share. However, the brothers would have to swear allegiance to Amadeus.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Amadeus was married to Jordanna, the daughter of Count Ulrich of Arberg. They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudolph V, his successor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amadeus, a knight

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guillemette, later Countess of Montbéliard, married Reginald of Burgundy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelaide, married Ulrich of Porta

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sibylle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicola, a cleric

description: Count of Neuchâtel

wikidata_label: Amadeus, Count of Neufchâtel

wikipedia_title: Amadeus, Count of Neuchâtel


text:
c.
Archbishop of Rouen
Reims
cathedral chapter
Halberstadt
Fecamp Abbey
abbot
Mauger
Lisieux
papal legate
church reform
Saint-Ouen
Jumièges
Le Tréport
Saint-Ymer
Lanfranc
St Anselm
Rouen Cathedral
synod
Synod of Rouen
William
Mont Saint-Michel
Lanfranc

paragraph: Maurilius

paragraph: Maurilius ("c." 1000–1067) was a Norman Archbishop of Rouen from 1055 to 1067.

paragraph: Maurilius was originally from Reims, and was born about 1000. He trained as a priest at Liege and became a member of the cathedral chapter of Halberstadt. He became a monk at Fecamp Abbey, but then became a hermit at Vallombrosa. From there he was elected abbot of the monastery of St Marry of Florence, but his austerity caused a revolt amongst the monks and he was forced to return to Fecamp.

paragraph: Maurilius held the office of Archbishop of Rouen from 1054, when he first occurs in documents as archbishop. The "Annals of Jumieges", however, place his elevation as archbishop in 1055. Maurilius succeeded Mauger, who was deposed by a council held in 1054 or 1055 at Lisieux under the guidance of a papal legate. After Mauger's deposition, Maurilius was appointed because of his support for church reform. Contemporaries praised his saintly character which gained him respect from his fellow clergy. He was also known for his scholarly interests and knowledge. He was a benefactor of the abbeys of Saint-Ouen, Jumièges, Le Tréport, and Saint-Ymer. Along with Lanfranc, he convinced the future St Anselm to take monastic vows in 1060. As archbishop, he built a large church to replace Rouen Cathedral. He also held at least one provincial synod - the 1063 Synod of Rouen, and perhaps held another ecclesiastical council sometime between 1055 and 1063.

paragraph: The archbishop's last appearance in documents happens in 1067, and he died in the summer of 1067. His last public act was to consecrate the new abbey church at Jumièges on 1 July 1067 in the presence of Duke William, newly returned from his conquest of England in 1066. Two different dates are given for Maurilius' death, with a notice of his death appearing for 11 July at the monastery of Mont Saint-Michel but Jumièges Abbey recorded his death on 9 August. He was buried in Rouen Cathedral. After his death, the archbishopric was offered to Lanfranc, who refused the office.

description: Archbishop of Rouen

wikidata_label: Maurilius

wikipedia_title: Maurilius


text:
Count of Loon
Arnold II, Count of Looz
vogt
Averbode Abbey
Heusden-Zolder
Sint-Truiden
County of Rieneck
Count of Metz
Longwy
Hendrik van Veldeke
Saint Servatius
burgrave
Duras
Borgloon
Agnes
Otto I of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria
Gerard, Count of Loon
Mechelen
Grimbergen
Godfrey III, Count of Louvain
Gilles
Count of Duras
Otto II, Count of Duras
Theobald I of Bar

categories: Counts of the Holy Roman Empire,12th-century births,12th-century people of the Holy Roman Empire,House of Loon,1171 deaths

paragraph: Louis I, Count of Loon

paragraph: Louis I, Count of Loon (Looz) (after 1107 – 11 August 1171) was the Count of Loon, which he inherited from his father. He ruled from approximately 1139 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of Arnold II, Count of Looz, and his wife whose name may have been Adeleide or Agnes.

paragraph: He was vogt (advocate) of Averbode Abbey. In 1154, he donated Laethof Manor in Heusden-Zolder to the abbey.

paragraph: He constructed a castle in Brustem (now part of Sint-Truiden). In 1155, he inherited the County of Rieneck from his brother Gerhard.

paragraph: Louis married Agnes of Metz ( – ), the daughter of Folmar V, Count of Metz, and Matilda of Dagsburg, the heiress of Longwy. Agnes commissioned Hendrik van Veldeke to write his "Life of Saint Servatius". Louis I served as burgrave of Metz from 1159 to 1162. Via his wife, he also had a claim on the Duchy of Luxembourg, however, he could not realize this claim.

paragraph: In 1171, Louis attempted to conquer the County of Duras. However, Gilles, Count of Duras, called in the help of the citizens of Sint-Truiden and together they defeated Louis' army. Louis died during this battle, on 11 August 1171. He was buried in the chapel of the infirmary in Borgloon. His grave can still be found there.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Louis and Agnes had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes, married Otto I of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnold, died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerard, Count of Loon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugo, married and had issue

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bonne, married Walter Berthout, Lord of Mechelen and Grimbergen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imagina married Godfrey III, Count of Louvain

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lauretta (d. before 1193), married Gilles, Count of Duras (divorced 1174), grandson of Otto II, Count of Duras, and later married to Theobald I of Bar.

paragraph: Louis was succeeded as Count of Loon by his son Gerard II.

description: Count of Loon

wikidata_label: Louis I, Count of Loon

wikipedia_title: Louis I, Count of Loon


text:
African-American
Confederate
U.S. President
Teddy Roosevelt
Teddy Bear
Mississippi
General
Thomas Hinds
Battle of New Orleans
Andrew Jackson
Jackson
Hinds County
American Civil War
Memphis
Tennessee
Battle of Shiloh
Confederate
Albert Sidney Johnston
9th Texas Cavalry Regiment
Alabama
Reconstruction
Vicksburg
Freedmens Bureau
Greenville
U.S. senator
cowboy
Lawrence Sullivan Ross
Sul Ross State University
Alpine
Texas
Davy Crockett
Daniel Boone
John Avery McIlhenny
Avery Island
Louisiana
Rough Riders
Spanish–American War
Washington Post
Winchester rifle
Holt Collier National Wildlife Refuge
List of famous big game hunters
Douglas Brinkley

categories: People from Hinds County, Mississippi,1936 deaths,American hunters,Confederate States Army soldiers,1848 births,African-American sportspeople,Mississippi Republicans

paragraph: Holt Collier

paragraph: Holt Collier (c. 1848 – August 1, 1936) was a noted African-American Confederate scout, bear hunter and sportsman. While leading a hunt for U.S. President Teddy Roosevelt in November 1902, Collier unwittingly set the stage for the event that originated Roosevelt's nickname, "Teddy Bear."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Collier was born circa 1848 as a slave in Mississippi and was the third generation to serve the Hinds family on Plum Ridge Plantation, built by General Thomas Hinds, who was a veteran of the Battle of New Orleans in 1815. At the request of General Andrew Jackson, Hinds had surveyed central Mississippi and chose the site for the state capital, Jackson, before settling nearby in the area which is now Hinds County.

paragraph: Collier killed his first bear at the age of ten; thereafter, his job was to supply meat for the table of the Hinds family and the field hands. With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Collier’s master Howell Hinds and his seventeen-year-old son Tom, who was Collier's childhood companion, left for the war. Although told by his master that he was too young to fight, Collier stowed away on a riverboat and joined Howell and his son in Memphis, Tennessee.

paragraph: At the 1862 Battle of Shiloh in western Tennessee, Collier witnessed the death of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. Collier's biographer says that although there was a prohibition against blacks serving in uniform, Confederates made an exception for Collier because of his demonstrable skills. Collier stayed with the Hinds men until later being given the opportunity to ride with the 9th Texas Cavalry Regiment. He served in Company I through the rest of the war and fought in Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee.

paragraph: After the war Collier returned home to the Hinds family. During Reconstruction, Collier was tried by a military tribunal in Vicksburg for the murder of a white man, Captain James King. The accusation may have stemmed from King's advocacy for the use of Freedmens Bureau labor on the Hinds plantation. After his acquittal, Collier left the state upon the advice of William Alexander Percy of Greenville, who was later the last U.S. senator from Mississippi elected by a state legislature. Collier worked as a cowboy on the ranch owned by his former commander, General and later Governor of Texas Lawrence Sullivan Ross, the namesake of Sul Ross State University in Alpine, Texas and savior of Texas A & M University.

paragraph: Upon the murder of Collier's former master, Howell Hinds, Collier returned to Greenville for the funeral and resided there for the remainder of his life.

paragraph: He killed more than three thousand bears during his lifetime, more than those taken by Davy Crockett and Daniel Boone combined. Such was Collier's fame among big-game hunters that Major George M. Helm asked him to serve as President Theodore Roosevelt's tracker during his famous Mississippi bear hunt of 1902. The hunt was very high profile, attended by noted big-game hunters, among whom was John Avery McIlhenny of Avery Island, Louisiana, who had served with Roosevelt in the Rough Riders during the Spanish–American War. Numerous reporters were among the entourage.

paragraph: On that hunt, Collier and his tracking dogs cornered a large male bear. Collier bugled Roosevelt and the rest of his party to join in; however, before Roosevelt arrived the bear killed one of Collier's tracking dogs. Collier ordinarily would have shot the bear immediately, but wanting to keep the bear alive until the President arrived, he instead whacked the bear over the head with his rifle and bent the barrel. He finally lassoed the bear and tied it to a tree. When the President finally arrived, he famously refused to shoot the helpless bear, though another member of his party eventually killed it with a knife. The "Washington Post" and other newspapers publicized Roosevelt's compassion for the animal, and an editorial cartoon of the event by Clifford Berryman titled "Drawing the line in Mississippi" which erroneously depicted the bear as a cub, eventually gave rise to the "Teddy Bear" phenomenon and the president's nickname.

paragraph: Teddy Roosevelt was greatly impressed with Collier's abilities and presented him with a Winchester rifle. He served again as Roosevelt's tracker during a Louisiana bear hunt of 1907. Holt Collier National Wildlife Refuge in Mississippi is named in his honor. He died in 1936 and is interred in Greenville, Mississippi.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of famous big game hunters

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minor Ferris Buchanan, "Holt Collier: His Life, His Roosevelt Hunts, and The Origin of the Teddy Bear" (Jackson, Miss.: Centennial Press, 2002).

paragraph: BULLET::::- James T. McCafferty, "Holt and The Teddy Bear" and "Holt and The Cowboys" (Pelican Publishing Company, 1991 & 1993).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Douglas Brinkley, "The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America" (New York: Harper Collins), pp. 435–442, 444, 697-700.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scott E. Giltner, "Hunting and Fishing in the New South: Black Labor and White Leisure After the Civil War" (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), pp. 109-136.

description: Confederate Army soldier

wikidata_label: Holt Collier

wikipedia_title: Holt Collier


text:
track and field
1912 Summer Olympics
110 meter hurdles competition
high jump event
DePauw University
Rice University
University of Notre Dame

categories: Missouri Tigers men's track and field athletes,Notre Dame Fighting Irish track and field coaches,American male hurdlers,Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics,American male high jumpers,Rice Owls men's basketball coaches,Sewanee Tigers men's basketball coaches,People from Greenville, Pennsylvania,1889 births,DePauw Tigers coaches,Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,1940 deaths,Sewanee Tigers football coaches

paragraph: John Nicholson (athlete)

paragraph: John Patrick Nicholson (July 30, 1889 – April 2, 1940) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He ran in the final of the 110 meter hurdles competition but fell and did not finish the race. He also participated in the high jump event but was not able to clear a height.

paragraph: After finishing his athletics career, Nicholson went on to become a track coach. He coached at DePauw University, , Rice University, and the University of Notre Dame. He died suddenly on April 2, 1940.

description: athlete

wikidata_label: John Nicholson

wikipedia_title: John Nicholson (hurdler)

wikipedia_title: John Nicholson (athlete)


text:
Rochechouart
English-language
suite
sarabande
Georg Friedrich Haendel
SNEP
charity single
Pour toi Arménie
Charles Aznavour

categories: French opera singers,People from Haute-Vienne,French singer-songwriters,French male singers,Living people

paragraph: Thierry Mutin

paragraph: Thierry Mutin is a French singer of classical music and songwriter (born in Rochechouart, Haute-Vienne), famous for his 1988 hit single "Sketch of Love".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1984, Thierry Mutin released the single "Milliardaire comme personne". In 1988, he recorded in English-language the song "Sketch of Love", based on the suite n°11 (sarabande) of Georg Friedrich Haendel, which achieved success in France (#3 on the SNEP Singles Chart, Gold disc). In 1989, he participated in the charity single "Pour toi Arménie", led by Charles Aznavour. He published the albums "Talisman" in 1990, whose music was composed by Jean-Pierre Bourtayre, and "Chants du Monde Nouveau" in 1995. He also wrote some songs for Jean-Jacques Lafon.

description: French opera singer

wikidata_label: Thierry Mutin

wikipedia_title: Thierry Mutin


text:
Judy Garland
Garfield, New Jersey
Judy Garland
Franklin Castle
Ohio City
Northfield, Ohio
congestive heart failure
Ferncliff Cemetery
Hartsdale, New York
Mickey Deans Obituary
NY Times

categories: Judy Garland,People from Garfield, New Jersey,2003 deaths,Male biographers,1934 births,20th-century American biographers,Musicians from Cleveland

paragraph: Mickey Deans

paragraph: Mickey Deans (September 24, 1934 – July 11, 2003) was an American musician and entrepreneur, and the fifth and last husband of actress and singer Judy Garland.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born Michael DeVinko in Garfield, New Jersey on September 24, 1934, Deans was the youngest of three children of Mary and Michael DeVinko. He grew up in a musical family, playing the piano and accordion.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He played the piano at Jilly's, a nightclub in Manhattan, later working as the manager of the discothèque Arthur. In 1966, according to Deans' book "Weep No More, My Lady," he met actress and singer Judy Garland at her hotel in New York City. A mutual friend of theirs asked Deans to deliver a package of stimulant tablets to Garland. Deans recalled that she seemed cordial but disoriented. Because Garland's two youngest children were present, Deans felt it appropriate to introduce himself as a doctor. After three years of intermittent dating, Deans proposed, and they were married on March 15, 1969 in London. Deans worked to promote Garland's career toward the end of her life, but found it impossible to control her excessive use of prescription drugs. Deans discovered Garland dead on the morning of June 22, 1969. Although many obituaries at the time stated Garland was found on the floor of their bathroom, Deans stated that he found her seated on the toilet. The coroner's autopsy later determined she died from an accidental overdose of barbiturates.

paragraph: Section::::Life after Garland.

paragraph: Following Garland's death, Deans co-authored "Weep No More, My Lady", a biography of Garland written with Ann Pinchot. The book includes autobiographical elements of Deans' pre-Garland life and their time together. The book was published in 1972 by Hawthorn Books with paperback editions issued by Pyramid Books.

paragraph: In 1985, he bought the Franklin Castle, a historic four-story stone mansion on Franklin Boulevard in Cleveland's Ohio City for $93,000 and had it restored. Deans donated a feather boa that had belonged to Garland to a charity auction. He then placed the highest bid in order to maintain ownership of it. After selling Franklin Castle in 1999, Deans lived in Northfield, Ohio.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Deans died of congestive heart failure in Cleveland, Ohio on July 11, 2003 at the age of 68. Rather than being interred with Garland at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York, his body was cremated and his ashes sent to an individual in Florida.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weep No More, My Lady" Pyramid Books Edition, & G. K. Hall (1972), aka "Judy's Story" (1974)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mickey Deans Obituary

paragraph: BULLET::::- NY Times Judy Garland obituary

description: Husband of Judy Garland

wikidata_label: Mickey Deans

wikipedia_title: Mickey Deans


text: Hōjō Masako

text: Hiki Yoshikazu

text: Kamakura

text: Kajiwara Kagetoki

text: Hōjō Tokimasa

text: Dankazura

text: Wakamiya Ōji

text: Ichiman

text: Hōjō Tokimasa

text: Sanetomo

text: Minamoto

text: "sei-i taishōgun"

text: Shōji

text: Hōjō Tokimasa

text: Seiwa Genji

text: Sanetomo

text: Minamoto no Ichiman

text: Hōjō clan

text: Hōjō Masako

text: Hōjō Tokimasa

text: Wada

text: Miura

text: Hatakeyama clan

text: Izu Province

text: Hōjō Tokimasa

text: Ichiman

text: Kugyō

text: Kamakura

text: Kujō Yoritsune

text: Yoshinari

text: Wada Yoshimori

text: Minamoto no Yoritomo

text: Hōjō Masako

text: Minamoto no Ichiman

text: Kujō Yoritsune

text: Kugyō

text: era name

text: nengō

text: Kennin

text: Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric

text: "Japan encyclopedia".

text: Harvard University Press

text: OCLC 58053128

text: Papinot, Edmond

text: Titsingh, Isaac

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon".

text: OCLC 5850691

text: Ōmachi

categories: 13th-century shōguns,Kamakura shōguns,Minamoto clan,People of Heian-period Japan,12th-century Japanese people,1204 deaths,1182 births,People of Kamakura-period Japan,13th-century Japanese people

paragraph: Minamoto no Yoriie

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born to Tokimasa's daughter Hōjō Masako at Hiki Yoshikazu's residence in Kamakura, Yoriie had as wet nurses the wives of powerful men such as Hiki himself and Kajiwara Kagetoki, and also Hiki's younger sister. Before he was born, his father Yoritomo had Hōjō Tokimasa and his men carry stones to build the Dankazura on Wakamiya Ōji to pray for the child's safe delivery. When Yoriie later himself had an heir, Ichiman, the child was also born at the Hiki mansion to Hiki's daughter Wakasa no Tsubone, a fact which further consolidated an already strong emotional bond. From this relationship Hiki gained considerable influence when Yoriie became shōgun, incurring the hostility of Hōjō Tokimasa, who was instead close to Yoriie's younger brother Senman (future third shōgun Sanetomo), and who was in his turn trying to leverage that relationship for political advantage. His childhood name was Manju (万寿).

paragraph: Yoriie showed when still very young great interest in military arts like fencing, and horse-riding. After his father's death in 1199, the 17-year-old became head of the Minamoto clan and was appointed "sei-i taishōgun" in 1202. He was, however, criticized for his abandonment of his father's policies, and his mother forbade him from any involvement political activity. On June 30, 1203 (Shōji 1, 12th day of the 4th month) his remaining powers were formally taken from him and assumed by a council of 13 elders, headed by his grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa. Yoriie, in turn, plotted with the Hiki to subjugate the Hōjō clan; however, he failed, was put under house arrest and forced to abdicate, and was eventually assassinated on July 17, 1204 in Izu. Yoriie was succeeded by his younger brother Sanetomo, the last of the Seiwa Genji line to rule, at least nominally, over Kamakura.

paragraph: Section::::Hiki Yoshikazu's rebellion.

paragraph: Seriously ill, Yoriie proposed to name both his younger brother Sanetomo, and his young son (Hiki's grandson) Minamoto no Ichiman to succeed him; the two would split power, governing separate parts of the country. It seemed natural to them that Hiki would then be the regent, even if unofficially, of young Ichiman. Hiki suggested to Yoriie, who would be assassinated shortly afterwards by a separate faction (the Hōjō clan), that they arrange to have Sanetomo killed. Hōjō Masako, Yoriie's mother and wife of the first shōgun Yoritomo, allegedly overheard the conversation.

paragraph: On a pretext, Hōjō Tokimasa invited Hiki Yoshikazu to his home and assassinated him. A battle between the clans ensued, the Hiki were defeated by a coalition of the Hōjō, Wada, Miura and Hatakeyama clans and were exterminated.

paragraph: Yoriie died in Shuzenji, a small town in what was later called Izu Province, assassinated by his uncle Hōjō Tokimasa.

paragraph: Section::::Three sons of Yoriie.

paragraph: Yoriie had three sons, Ichiman, Kugyō, Senju-maru and he also had one daughter, Minamoto no Yoshiko married to fourth shōgun of Kamakura, Kujō Yoritsune. But all of his son died violent deaths, victims of the power struggle that followed Yoritomo's sudden death. Ichiman (1198–1203) was the eldest. His mother Wakasa no Tsubone was Hiki Yoshikazu's daughter, and the child was brought up by the Hiki clan. There are contrasting versions of his death, but in any case, he died in the fire that destroyed the Hiki residence.

paragraph: His second son Yoshinari, the only one of the three to reach adulthood, was forced to become a Buddhist monk ("bonze") and in 1219 murdered his uncle Sanetomo on the stone stairs at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in the shogunal capital of Kamakura, an act for which he was himself slain on the same day.

paragraph: Third son Senju-maru (, 1201–1214) was 12 when Izumi Chikahira rebelled against the Hōjō to make the child "shōgun". After Chikahira's defeat, the child was forced to become a Buddhist monk like his older brother Yoshinari. A year later Wada Yoshimori also rebelled but, like Chikahira, was defeated and Senju-maru died with the others of the Wada clan.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Minamoto no Yoritomo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Hōjō Masako

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Wakasa no Tsubone (d. 1203)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concubine:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ishina no Tsubone

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asuke no Tsubone

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Ichiman By Wakasa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yoshiko or Take no Gosho (1202–1234) married Kujō Yoritsune by Wakasa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eijitsu (1201–1215) by Ishina no Tsubone

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zengyo (d. 1220) by Ishina no Tsubone

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kugyō by Asuke no Tsubone

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Yoriie's "bakufu".

paragraph: The years in which Yoriie was shōgun are all within only one era name or "nengō": "Kennin" (1201–1204).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan encyclopedia". Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128

paragraph: BULLET::::- Papinot, Edmond. (1906) "Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon". Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha...Click link for digitized 1906 "Nobiliaire du japon" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon". Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ōmachi, by the Kamakura Citizen's Net, accessed on September 30, 2008

description: 2nd shogun of Kamakura shogunate

wikidata_label: Minamoto no Yoriie

wikipedia_title: Minamoto no Yoriie


text: Minamoto clan

text: Japan

text: waka

text: Shikken

text: Hōjō Tokimasa

text: Sei-i Taishōgun

text: Hōjō clan

text: Hōjō Masako

text: waka poetry

text: Fujiwara no Teika

text: tanka

text: Hyakunin Isshu

text: Heian

text: Udaijin

text: alcoholism

text: Eisai

text: tea

text: Jōkyū

text: Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū

text: Udaijin

text: Minamoto no Yoriie

text: Kugyō (Minamoto no Yoshinari)

text: Seiwa Genji

text: Kujō Yoritsune

text: Minamoto no Yoritomo

text: Hōjō Masako

text: Kujō Yoritsune

text: era name

text: nengō

text: Kennin

text: Genkyū

text: Ken'ei

text: Jōgen (Kamakura period)

text: Kenryaku

text: Kenpō

text: Jōkyū

text: Azuma Kagami

text: "Azuma Kagami"

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

categories: 13th-century shōguns,Kamakura shōguns,Minamoto clan,1192 births,1219 deaths,13th-century Japanese poets,12th-century Japanese people,Assassinated Japanese people,Hyakunin Isshu poets,13th-century Japanese calligraphers,People of Kamakura-period Japan

paragraph: Minamoto no Sanetomo

paragraph: His childhood name was . He was the last head of the Minamoto clan of Japan. His Buddhist name was .

paragraph: He was an accomplished "waka" poet.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: After the death of Yoritomo in 1199, Sanetomo's grandfather and Shikken Hōjō Tokimasa usurped the political and military power of the Shogunate, relegating the position and title of "Sei-i Taishōgun", or "shōgun", to a figurehead. Through hereditary succession, Sanetomo's older brother Yoriie became "Sei-i Taishōgun" in 1202, only to be stripped of the title a year later and put under house arrest for plotting against the Hōjō clan. This was presumably to keep the "shōgun" a child and thus needing a regent ("shikken") to make decisions in his place. Shortly thereafter in 1203, Sanetomo became head of the Minamoto clan and was appointed "Sei-i Taishōgun".

paragraph: In the next year, 1204, Yoriie was assassinated by the Hōjō. Sanetomo was never more than a puppet for his mother Hōjō Masako, who used him as a pawn in her war with her father Tokimasa; Tokimasa tried to depose his grandson a number of times, beginning in 1205, causing Sanetomo to fear for his life thereafter.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:"Waka" poet.

paragraph: Sanetomo, understanding his own powerlessness and not wanting to meet the same fate as his brother, put his time and energy into writing waka poetry and gaining posts within the powerless but honorary imperial court. Sanetomo was a talented poet, writing over 700 poems between the age 17 and 22 while he was tutored by Fujiwara no Teika. He published his private waka collection "Kinkai Wakashū", even having one of his tanka included in the anthology "Ogura Hyakunin Isshu" ("100 Poems by 100 Poets"), a collection of Japanese poems of the Heian and early Kamakura periods. Sanetomo reached the third highest post of the imperial court, "Udaijin" (Minister of the Right or "vice-premier") in 1218.

paragraph: Eventually, Sanetomo lapsed into inactivity and despair, plagued by fear of assassination and tormented by his chronic alcoholism (an addiction which Priest Eisai once tried to break by replacing alcohol with tea).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Death.

paragraph: Under heavy snow on the evening of February 13, 1219 ("Jōkyū 1, 27th day of the 1st month"), Sanetomo was coming down from the Senior Shrine at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū after participating in a ceremony celebrating his nomination to Udaijin. His nephew (the son of second "shōgun" Minamoto no Yoriie) Kugyō (Minamoto no Yoshinari) came out from beside the stone stairway of the shrine, then suddenly assassinated him. For his act, he was himself beheaded a few hours later, thus bringing the Seiwa Genji line of the Minamoto clan and their rule in Kamakura to a sudden end.

paragraph: Minamoto no Sanetomo was succeeded by Kujō Yoritsune as fourth "shōgun" of the Kamakura shogunate.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Hōjō Masako

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Bomon Nobuko (1193–1274)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adopted Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minamoto no Yoshiko or Take no Gosho (1202–1234) married Kujō Yoritsune

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zengyo (d. 1220)

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Sanetomo's "bakufu".

paragraph: The years in which Sanetomo was shogun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kennin" (1201–1204)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genkyū" (1204–1206)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ken'ei" (1206–1207)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jōgen (Kamakura period)" (1207–1211)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kenryaku" (1211–1213)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kenpō" (1213–1219)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jōkyū" (1219–1222)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Azuma Kagami"

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Azuma Kagami", accessed on September 4, 2008; National Archives of Japan 特103-0001, Digitized image of the "Azumakagami"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1962). "Sovereign and Subject". Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Public Library Digital Gallery, an early photograph of Shrine steps where Sanetomo was killed.

description: 3rd shogun of Kamakura shogunate and poet

wikidata_label: Minamoto no Sanetomo

wikipedia_title: Minamoto no Sanetomo


text:
Nebraska Cornhuskers football
Associated Press
Alan J. Gould
AP Poll
Nebraska State Journal
Red Lodge, Montana
Lincoln Star
Villisca, Iowa
Civil War
Richland County, Ohio
Los Angeles, California
Marion County, Iowa
Plattsmouth, Nebraska
Glenwood, Iowa
Davenport, Iowa
bull bats
University of Iowa
Nebraska State Journal
Nebraska legislature
Red Lodge, Montana
professional wrestling
Baltimore, Maryland
Joe Stecher
Frank Gotch
Earl Caddock
Anita, Iowa
Jim Londos
Western Baseball League
team
Fred Fulton
Mike
Tommy Gibbons
Alan J. Gould
Minnesota
Princeton
Southern Methodist
AP Poll
Western Baseball League
Lincoln Athletics
Edwin C. Johnson
Elks
Meet the Sports Writers

categories: 1951 deaths,Nebraska Cornhuskers football,1871 births,People from Plattsmouth, Nebraska,American sportswriters

paragraph: Cy Sherman

paragraph: Charles Sumner "Cy" Sherman (March 10, 1871 – May 22, 1951) was an American journalist and is known as the "father of the Cornhuskers" after giving the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team the name "Cornhuskers" in 1899. At his suggestion in 1936, Associated Press (AP) sports editor Alan J. Gould created the first AP Poll for ranking college football teams. Sherman began his career writing at the "Nebraska State Journal" in Lincoln, spent a short time at the Red Lodge, Montana "Pickett" before returning to Lincoln and the "Lincoln Star" where he spent most of his career. At his death he was called by the "Star" the "Dean of American Sportswriters".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Charles Sumner Sherman was born in Villisca, Iowa on March 10, 1871 to Charles Wheelan Sherman and Orilla (Groom) Sherman. His father was a Civil War veteran and newspaper publisher and editor. He was born in Richland County, Ohio on June 6, 1841, and died in Los Angeles, California in January 1921. His mother was born in Marion County, Iowa on August 26, 1842, and died in Plattsmouth, Nebraska on May 31, 1900. Sherman first attended schools in Glenwood, Iowa, before his family moved to Plattsmouth, where he attended Plattsmouth High School. In Plattsmouth, his father was the publisher of the "Plattsmouth Tribune", and Sherman spent time in its shop in where he learned printing. Sherman married Nancy Ada Moore in Davenport, Iowa on August 16, 1893. Nancy was born in Davenport on October 31, 1870.

paragraph: Section::::Origin of the Cornhusker name.

paragraph: During the 1890 through 1899 seasons, the Huskers had been called multiple names including Treeplanters, Rattlesnake Boys, Antelopes, Old Gold Knights and Bugeaters. The school was changing its school colors to scarlet and cream in 1892 and the Old Gold Knights no longer made sense. By 1892, the team's most commonly used nickname was the Bugeaters, possibly named after the insect-devouring bull bats or possibly as a teasing reference to the only food an East Coast reporter believed was left for residents to eat after an 1870s drought. Sherman attended a Thanksgiving 1893 game between Nebraska and the University of Iowa and when he saw the team called the "Bug Eaters" in the papers after the game, he decided the team should have a better name. Sherman thought the name Bugeaters was unglamorous and was tired of referring to the Nebraska teams with that name.

paragraph: Sherman was writing for the "Nebraska State Journal" starting in about 1898, and in 1899 was the first to use the name Cornhuskers to refer to Nebraska. He did so frequently in his columns and University journalism professor Alvin Watkins Jr. made a push for its adoption on campus. It was a successful effort and Cornhuskers would become the only used name for the team starting in 1900. The student yearbook changed its name to the “Cornhusker” in 1907. When the Nebraska legislature passed a bill naming Nebraska the Cornhusker State in 1946, Sherman received the pen used to sign the bill.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.:Red Lodge.

paragraph: In August 1913, Sherman moved to Red Lodge, Montana where he became editor and part owner of the Red Lodge "Picket", but returned to Nebraska and in about 1915 and became editor of the "Star".

paragraph: Section::::Later career.:Professional wrestling.

paragraph: In 1916, Sherman refereed a professional wrestling match in Baltimore, Maryland between Nebraska's Joe Stecher (who won) and Baltimore's Gus "Americus" Schoenlein for the title of world's heavyweight champion, which had been vacated upon the retirement of the previous title holder, Frank Gotch, who was in the audience. Sherman played a role in advocating Stecher's career, which increased the wrestler's prominence. Later in the year, Sherman was credited with discovering Earl Caddock from Anita, Iowa after Caddock defeated Mort Henderson. In February 1917, Sherman criticized Jim Londos for wrestling in Nebraska under assumed identities, a tactic known as "ringing in" which meant that gamblers and Londos's small-time Nebraska opponents would not know who they were fighting. Sherman refereed a match between Caddock and Stecher in April 1917 in Omaha. Caddock won the match, and Sherman's work was controversial when he disallowed a fall when Caddock had nearly pinned Stecher but had his feet off the mat.

paragraph: Later that year Sherman organized athletic shows in Lincoln to raise money to support Linoln's Western Baseball League team and to support John L. Griffith's cantonment gymnasium fund. At one show Fred Fulton boxed, while Caddock wrestled at the other. Boxers Mike and Tommy Gibbons were also part of the affair.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.:College football and the AP poll.

paragraph: In 1935, AP sports editor Alan J. Gould declared a three way tie for national champion in football between Minnesota, Princeton, and Southern Methodist. Minnesota fans protested, and a number of Gould's colleagues led by Sherman suggested he create a poll of sports editors instead of only using his own list, and the next year the AP Poll began. As a writer, Sherman's column in the "Star" was for a time called "Brass Tacks". He was known as an advocate for sportsmanship and opposed commercialization and excess recruiting in the college game.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.:Western League Baseball.

paragraph: As early as the 1910s, Sherman was involved in minor league baseball in Lincoln. During World War II, the Western Baseball League disbanded and in 1946, Sherman was one of six owners of franchises which organized a reconstituted league which began play in 1947. Sherman's team was the Lincoln Athletics, and they played on a field named for Sherman. In 1947 the president of the league was US Senator from Colorado, Edwin C. Johnson, and Sherman was treasurer. The Lincoln A's disbanded in 1952, the year after Sherman died, and the Western League closed in 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.:Retirement.

paragraph: He retired from the Star on July 1, 1946 after nearly 60 years as a sports writer.

paragraph: Section::::Other activities and death.

paragraph: Sherman was active in Lincoln society. He was a member of the Lincoln Chamber of Commerce, the Lincoln University Club and the Nebraskana Society. The “N” Club, usually reserved for Husker letter winners, made Sherman an honorary member in 1933. He also had an honorary lifetime membership in the University of Nebraska Alumni Association and was a member of the Elks.

paragraph: At his death on May 22, 1951 in Lincoln, he was survived by his wife, Nancy, and three brothers and two sisters. Two of his brothers were also in the printing business. He is buried at Wyuka Cemetery in Lincoln.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meet the Sports Writers

wikidata_label: Charles "Cy" Sherman

wikipedia_title: Cy Sherman


text:
Saint Petersburg
Pont Saint-Michel
Philippe I, duc d'Orléans
Jacques-François Blondel
André Le Nôtre
Dezallier d'Argenville
French formal garden
Pierre-Jean Mariette
Saint-Cloud
Charles-Augustin d'Aviler
Michel Félibien
Peter the Great
Saint Petersburg
smallpox
Vasilievsky Island
parterre
Summer Garden
Strelna
Constantine Palace
Count Apraksin
Winter Palace
Friedrich Braunstein
Niccolo Michetti
Peterhof
Hôtel de Vendôme
Jardin du Luxembourg
Marie Anne de Bourbon
Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes
Auch
Narbonne

categories: 18th century in Saint Petersburg,1679 births,18th-century French architects,French landscape and garden designers,Baroque architects,French landscape architects,Architects from Paris,Deaths from smallpox,1719 deaths

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond (1679 – 10 March 1719) was a French architect and garden designer who became the chief architect of Saint Petersburg in 1716.

paragraph: Section::::Career in France.

paragraph: He was the son of Jean Le Blond, painter in ordinary to the king, a printseller on the Pont Saint-Michel, Paris, and his wife, Jeanne d'Eu. He studied architecture with his mother's brother Jean Girard, in the service of Philippe I, duc d'Orléans. Jacques-François Blondel implied that he had derived gardening expertise from André Le Nôtre, finding that Le Blond was

paragraph: Indeed, Le Blond was responsible for more than simply the engravings in Dezallier d'Argenville's seminal work on the principles of French formal garden design, "La théorie et la pratique du jardinage", 1709: according to the well-informed connoisseur Pierre-Jean Mariette, chronicler of French artists, he laid out the structural "canvas" of the work and oversaw in detail its writing; the work was published anonymously, but in later editions Le Blond was credited with the text.

paragraph: Named "architecte du Roi", he made a set of presentation drawings, dated 1699, for the famous cascade and basin with its "jet d'eau" at royal Saint-Cloud constructed several "hôtels particuliers" in Paris, notably the hôtel de Clermont, rue de Varenne, and the hôtel de Vendôme, rue d'Enfer (today boulevard Saint-Michel).

paragraph: As theoretician and illustrator of architecture, Le Blond produced the second (1710) and third (1720) editions of the "Cours d'architecture de Vignole" translated with commentary by Charles-Augustin d'Aviler, which Le Blond illustrated with his own drawings. These works introduced the distinctions between state apartments ("appartements de parade") and private apartments ("appartements de commodités") that would characterize French eighteenth-century planning, and he popularized the small chimneypieces that would take the place of the large ones in the Italian mode, popular in the previous century. He also provided illustrations for "L’Histoire de l'abbaye de Saint-Denis" (1706) by Michel Félibien.

paragraph: Section::::Career in Russia.

paragraph: Le Blond did much in a short time to extend the Le Nôtre style beyond France. His cascade at Saint-Cloud may have convinced Peter the Great: in March 1716, Le Blond accepted the tsar's invitation to work at Saint Petersburg, where he arrived in August. An unprecedented title of "Architect-General" was bestowed upon him, together with a pension of some 5,000 roubles. His position was superior to that of all other architects and builders working in St. Petersburg.

paragraph: Within a short span of his stay there, Le Blond established the first nurseries along the banks of the Neva and about twenty workshops, specializing in carving, sculpture, stucco work, tapestries, and so forth. He also succeeded in introducing a program of illuminating the main streets with oil lanterns, designed by himself. The architect died suddenly of smallpox in 1719. The tsar himself was present at the funeral, but Le Blond's grave at the St. Sampson cemetery has not survived.

paragraph: Among his Russian projects, probably the best known is an idealistic plan which envisioned Vasilievsky Island as the focus of the new city. Le Blond's plan would have "enclosed the entire city within a perfectly elliptical wall of fortifications", with a network of streets at right angles and squares like the royal squares of France, but the project was not approved. Nor were his projects for the parterres of the Summer Garden and a residence for the tsar at Strelna (1717). Three centuries passed before Le Blond's design for a formal garden at Strelna was eventually implemented during the reconstruction of the Constantine Palace in 2003.

paragraph: Le Blond's main building work in St. Petersburg was a palace of Count Apraksin. Although foreign visitors admitted that "even a king would have been jealous of such a noble dwelling," the palace was eventually demolished to make room for the Winter Palace, which now occupies the site. Working with Friedrich Braunstein and Niccolo Michetti, the French architect also made many structural changes to the first palace and cascades of Peterhof (1717) for which none of his drawings survive, but which are known through copies made by J.E. Randahl, 1739.

paragraph: Section::::Principal works of architecture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hôtel de Vendôme (Hôtel de Chaulnes, 1733 to 1758), rue d'Enfer, 1706–1707, for Antoine de La Porte, canon of Notre-Dame, backing onto the Jardin du Luxembourg (today housing the École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris). work also for Marie Anne de Bourbon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reconstruction of the Hôtel de Duras, rue Saint-Augustin, 1708, for Louise-Madeleine de La Marck, widow of Henri de Durfort, duc de Duras.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hôtel de Clermont, 69 rue de Varenne, 1713, for Jeanne Thérèse Pélagie d'Albert de Luynes, marquise de Saissac

paragraph: BULLET::::- House at Meudon, 1714, for Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes, comtesse de Verrue

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archbishop's Palace, Auch.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jardins du Canet, near Narbonne.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maison Regnault at Châtillon-sous-Bagneux.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Apraksin Palace, Saint-Petersburg, 1717–1718.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strelna and Peterhof parks, 1717–1718.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olga Medvedkova, "Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond, architecte 1679–1719 – De Paris à Saint-Pétersbourg", – 359 s., Paris, Alain Baudry & Cie, 2007,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olga Medvedkova, "Au-dessus de Saint-Pétersbourg, dialogue au royaume des morts entre le tsar Pierre le Grand et son architecte Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond", pièce en deux tableaux, Paris, TriArtis Editions, 2013. ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Gallet, 1995. "Les architectes parisiens du XVIIIe siècle", (Paris, Éditions Mengès)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runar Strandberg, "The French formal garden after Le Nostre", in "The French Formal Garden", Elizabeth B. MacDougall and F. Hamilton Hazlehurst, editors, 1974, (Dumbarton Oaks)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olga Medvedkova, "Les architectes et les artistes français à Saint-Pétersbourg : présences et indirectes", and "Le plan général de Saint-Pétersbourg de Le Blond : vision utopique ou projet moderne?", in "Trois cents ans de présence française à Saint-Pétersbourg, Les Français à Saint-Pétersbourg" exhibition catalogue, Saint Petersburg 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Калязина Н.В., Калязин Е.А. "Жан Леблон" // "Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XVIII век." SPb, 1997. Pages 67–111.

alias:
Jean-Baptiste-Alexandre Le Blond
Jean Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond
Alexandre Jean Baptiste Le Blond
Jean Leblond
Alexandre-Jean-Baptiste Leblond
Alexandre Jean-Baptiste Le Blond
Jean Baptiste Alexandre le Blond
Alexandre-Jean-Baptiste Le Blond
Jean Baptiste Alexandre LeBlond
Jean Baptiste Alexandre Leblon
Жан Батист Александр Леблон
Alexandre Jean-Babtiste le Blond
Le Blond fils
Le Blond

description: French architect

wikidata_label: Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond

wikipedia_title: Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond


text: abolitionist

text: women's rights

text: Rochester, New York

text: Rochester Women's Rights Convention

text: Seneca Falls Convention

text: Charles Grandison Finney

text: Obadiah Bush

text: President George H.W. Bush

text: American Anti-Slavery Society

text: come-outer

text: Seneca Falls Convention

text: Lucretia Mott

text: Amy Post

text: Rochester Unitarian Church

text: Rochester Women's Rights Convention

text: Elizabeth Cady Stanton

text: Mary Ann M'Clintock

text: parliamentary procedure

text: Free Will Baptist

text: California Gold Rush

text: National Woman Suffrage Association

text: Susan B. Anthony

text: "Women's activism and social change"

text: Isenberg, Nancy

text: "U.S. women in struggle"

text: "History of Woman Suffrage, Volume I"

categories: 1810 births,Feminism and history,American feminists,Year of birth uncertain,Year of death uncertain,1899 deaths,American abolitionists,American women's rights activists,History of women's rights in the United States,American suffragists

paragraph: Abigail Bush

paragraph: Abigail Norton Bush (c. 1810 – c. 1899) was an abolitionist and women's rights activist in Rochester, New York. She served as president of the Rochester Women's Rights Convention, which was held in 1848 immediately after the first women's rights convention, the Seneca Falls Convention. By doing so, Bush became the first woman to preside over a public meeting composed of both men and women in the U.S.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Abigail Norton was born about 1810, attended the orthodox First Presbyterian Church in Rochester, New York, and helped her mother with charitable works. In 1831, she converted to become a "Brick Church perfectionist" in the wake of popular evangelical revival meetings featuring Charles Grandison Finney. After conversion, she attended the Second Presbyterian Church, known as the "Brick Church", and worked with the Rochester Female Charitable Society, an organization that provided care for the poor and ill.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and family.

paragraph: Abigail Norton married Henry Bush, the brother of Obadiah Bush (Great-Great Grandfather of President George H.W. Bush) in 1833. Henry and his brother were stove manufacturers and radical abolitionists. Within five years, Abigail Bush's name stopped appearing in association with Brick Church activities. Over the next thirteen years, Bush went through childbirth six times, with four children living past infancy.

paragraph: In a split among abolitionists in 1840, Henry Bush chose to remain with the American Anti-Slavery Society, the faction which accepted women as active members. Abigail Bush grew more sympathetic to radical reform and come-outerism, and withdrew in 1843 from the Brick Church to become active in the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society. Bush was at that time the most prominent ex-Evangelical woman in radical circles.

paragraph: Section::::Rochester Women's Rights Convention, 1848.

paragraph: At the end of the Seneca Falls Convention in July 1848, convention-goers from Rochester (Bush did not attend) were moved to hold a similar convention of their own. They convinced Lucretia Mott to stay in New York long enough to be the featured speaker at their convention, as she had been at Seneca Falls.

paragraph: In Rochester, an Arrangements Committee was chosen to organize the convention, and a small nominating committee was formed within it for the purpose of choosing convention officers. Amy Post, Rhoda DeGarmo and Sarah Fish met in the evening of August 1, 1848, to select a roster of officers composed wholly of females, with Abigail Bush to be president.

paragraph: On the morning of August 2, 1848, in the Rochester Unitarian Church, Amy Post called the Rochester Women's Rights Convention to order and read the suggested slate of officers. The proposal for a woman to be the president of the convention met with immediate opposition. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Mary Ann M'Clintock and Lucretia Mott were strongly against the idea of a woman president, not wanting a poor showing by women officers to give a bad public image to the new women's rights movement. They had been among the organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention, which had followed tradition by electing a man to preside. Stanton asked how could a woman, without knowledge of parliamentary procedure and without experience in holding public meetings, serve as president? Stanton, Mott and M'Clintock "were on the verge of leaving the Convention in disgust" when Post, Fish and DeGarmo convinced them that it could work. Bush was elected after a vote was taken among the audience, making her the first woman to preside over a public meeting composed of both men and women in the U.S.

paragraph: When Bush took her position as president, Mott and Stanton left their places of honor on the platform and took seats in the audience. After an opening prayer by a male Free Will Baptist minister, one of the convention's three secretaries read the minutes of the previous Seneca Falls Convention. Cries of "louder, louder" were heard from audience members who could not discern the weakly sounded words of the secretary. Bush took the platform and said

paragraph: Bush presided over all three sessions of the one day of convention. At a late hour, Bush adjourned the meeting "with hearts overflowing with gratitude." Lucretia Mott approached Bush and hugged her warmly, thanking her for presiding. Stanton apologized for her own "foolish conduct" in doubting the ability of Bush to succeed. From that point forward, women were always chosen president of women's rights conventions in the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Afterward.

paragraph: In late December 1848, Bush was a member of the business committee of the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society. Her contribution, and that of two other Rochester women, served to fulfill the Society's tenet of equal social participation of women.

paragraph: In 1849 or 1850, Henry Bush, stung by years of business losses, headed west to seek his fortune in the California Gold Rush, and by the early 1850s, Abigail Bush joined him with their children. Little is known of her life from this time onward.

paragraph: In 1878, Bush sent a letter to the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) convention in Rochester congratulating the women's movement on the 30th anniversary of the Seneca Falls and Rochester conventions: "Say to your convention my full heart is with them in all their deliberations and counsels, and I trust great good to women will come of their efforts."

paragraph: In 1898, NWSA celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Seneca Falls and Rochester conventions, and honored Bush's early courage and strength during a session entitled "Pioneer's Evening". Bush was then 88 years old and still living in California; she wrote to Susan B. Anthony regarding her role at the 1848 convention in Rochester to say "I had not been able to meet in council at all with the friends, on account of sickness in my family until I met them in the hall as the congregation were gathering & then fell into the hands of those who urged me to take part with the supporters of a woman serving as the president of the meeting. They had James Mott, a fine-looking man, to preside at Seneca Falls, but his head fell at the hands of my old friends Amy Post, Rhoda DeGarmo and Sarah Fish, who at once commenced laboring with me to prove the hour had come when a woman could preside and led me into the church. Amy proposed my name as president. It was accepted at once, and from that hour I seemed endowed as from on high to serve through two day's meetings and three sessions per day."

paragraph: Bush died shortly after writing this letter, in late 1898 or in 1899.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hewitt, Nancy A. "Women's activism and social change", Lexington Books, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isenberg, Nancy. "Sex and citizenship in antebellum America", University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McMillen, Sally Gregory. "Seneca Falls and the origins of the women's rights movement." Oxford University Press, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moses, Claire Goldberg; Hartmann, Heidi I. "U.S. women in struggle", University of Illinois, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; Anthony, Susan B.; Gage, Matilda Joslyn. "History of Woman Suffrage, Volume I", covering 1848–1861. Copyright 1881.

description: American abolitionist and women's rights advocate

wikidata_label: Abigail Bush

wikipedia_title: Abigail Bush