text: Tudor

text: courtier

text: English Parliament

text: Sir John Giffard

text: Chillington Hall

text: Brewood

text: Bridgnorth

text: Strand Inn

text: Middle Temple

text: Inner Temple

text: Cubley, Derbyshire

text: Caverswall

text: Stafford

text: Caverswall Castle

text: Escheator

text: Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield

text: landed gentry

text: Shenstone, Staffordshire

text: Black Ladies Priory

text: Sir Edward Littleton

text: Pillaton Hall

text: Rowland Lee

text: Thomas Cromwell

text: reversion

text: John Giffard

text: pricked

text: High Sheriff of Staffordshire

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Gnosall

text: Eccleshall

text: Pattingham

text: royal court

text: Gentleman Usher

text: Cannock forest

text: Dover

text: Sittingbourne

text: Anne of Cleves

text: Blackheath

text: Rochester

text: Norfolk

text: Suffolk

text: Italian War of 1542–1546

text: Charles V

text: English parliament

text: knights of the shire

text: Staffordshire

text: Edward Littleton

text: Second Act of Dissolution

text: Mary's

text: Edward VI

text: voice vote

text: Baron Stafford

text: Henry

text: Stephen Gardiner

text: Lord Chancellor

text: borough

text: Stafford

text: Counter-Reformation

text: Elizabethan Religious Settlement

text: recusant

text: Brewood parish church

text: effigies

categories: People associated with the Dissolution of the Monasteries,English MPs 1553,English MPs 1539–1540,1490s births,High Sheriffs of Staffordshire,People of the Tudor period,English landowners,1560 deaths

paragraph: Thomas Giffard

paragraph: Sir Thomas Giffard (c.1491-27 May 1560) was a Tudor courtier, Staffordshire landowner and Member of the English Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Background and early life.

paragraph: Thomas Giffard' father was Sir John Giffard of Chillington Hall, near Brewood, Staffordshire. Sir John was a notable courtier and soldier, as well as one of the county's wealthiest landowners, and his family had lived at Chillington since the late 12th century. Thomas Gifard's mother was Jane Horde, daughter of Thomas Horde, the most important landowner in the Bridgnorth area. She died in childbirth in 1491, within a short time of his birth, although, as his exact birth date is not known, it is unclear whether it was while giving birth to him or a subsequent child.

paragraph: Giffard received a brief legal education. Initially he was at the Strand Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery attached to the Middle Temple. On 11 November 1512 he was admitted to the Inner Temple.

paragraph: His father remarried by 1515 to Elizabeth Gresley, widow of Sir John Montgomery of Cubley, Derbyshire. At the same time or a little later, Thomas Giffard married his step-mother's daughter, Dorothy, who was about two years younger than himself. As Dorothy was the heir to the Montgomery estates, Giffard was able to set himself up in modest comfort and security, independently of his father.

paragraph: Section::::Landowner.

paragraph: Thomas Giffard, despite his own longevity, was to outlive his father by only four years, so it was particularly fortunate for him to acquire property young. In his first wife's right, he was lord of Cubley itself and also Caverswall, a small manor to the north-east of Stafford, on the edge of the Staffordshire moorlands. The couple settled at Caverswall Castle, and this was to remain Giffard's main home, even after his wife's death, which was by 1529, as this was the year of his second marriage.

paragraph: However, Giffard did not content himself with waiting to inherit the family estates. He was Escheator for Staffordshire in 1523–24. Thereafter he sought positions managing the estates of other major landowners. He became bailiff and custodian of Brewood Park, a major part of the Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield's land in Brewood parish. For this he was receiving £5 0s. 8d. in 1535. The sum was not huge but for ambitious landed gentry such posts were a foot in the door: later, the Giffards would become not merely keepers but tenants of the park and able to profit more amply from managing it. Giffard also took on a similar post at the manor of Shenstone, Staffordshire.

paragraph: The passing of the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries Act in 1536 brought further opportunities, opening up a wide range of small properties for landowners and entrepreneurs at Giffard's level. Soon he was bidding for Black Ladies Priory, a dissolved nunnery to the west of Brewood. Sir Edward Littleton, his contemporary and neighbour at Pillaton Hall was a competitor, with Bishop Rowland Lee on his side. The matter was referred to Thomas Cromwell, who decided in favour of Thomas Giffard, described as "of Stretton", a manor on the southern edge of Penkridge and close to Black Ladies, which he had taken on by this time. Giffard paid £134 1s. 8d. for the property, which consisted of the site and grounds of the priory building itself, including the church and churchyard a water-mill, together with a tract of grazing land in Brewood – all valued at £7 9s. 1d. a year. He built a new house on the site and seems to have moved to live in it. After his father's death, he leased Black Ladies to Humphrey, a younger son, although the reversion remained with John Giffard, his heir.

paragraph: Sir Thomas Giffard was sufficiently prominent, even before inheriting the family estates, to be pricked High Sheriff of Staffordshire three times: 1529–30, 1547–8, and 1553-4. He was a Justice of the Peace for Stafordshire from 1532 until his death. He inherited the Giffard estates only in 1556. As son and heir, he obtained the lordships of Chillington, Marston, Plardiwick near Gnosall and Walton in Eccleshall, and as a lessee of the Crown the lordship of Pattingham. Together with his own substantial estates, all this made him, for a short time, a very wealthy man.

paragraph: Section::::Courtier.

paragraph: Like his father, Giffard was frequently at the royal court, where he had attained the post of Gentleman Usher of the Privy Chamber by 1533 and held it until his death. As a close confidant of the king, he was honoured further by being made Ranger of Cannock forest jointly with his father.

paragraph: Sometimes Thomas worked with his father in the royal service. In 1539 they were sent to make ready the castles at Dover and Sittingbourne for the arrival of Anne of Cleves, on her way to meet the king at Blackheath, although the king actually surprised her by appearing in disguise at Rochester.

paragraph: Like other courtiers, he also proved his loyalty by taking up arms on the king's behalf. In 1544, aged at least 53, he enlisted in an army of 40,000 under the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk to invade in northern France, as part of the Italian War of 1542–1546. However, the campaign became bogged down in protracted sieges and ended inconclusively after a few months, when Charles V, Henry VIII's main ally in the war, made a separate peace.

paragraph: Section::::Parliamentary career.

paragraph: Giffard was returned to the English parliament for the first time in 1539 as one of the knights of the shire for Staffordshire. The other member was Edward Littleton, already an experienced parliamentarian. The parliament lasted for just over a year and its main business was to pass the Second Act of Dissolution, which dealt with the larger monasteries.

paragraph: After this, Giffard was not elected to parliament again until October 1553, the first parliament of Mary's reign. The obvious reason would be his known religious conservatism. This was shared not only with his father, but also his colleague, Littleton, and he too was out of parliament until October 1553. However, Giffard was not out of favour with Edward VI or his governments. In fact he was knighted on 22 February 1547, just two days after the new king was crowned. It is more likely that the local political situation was the reason. Elections were becoming more competitive and that it was simply harder to secure a seat.

paragraph: The election of 7 September 1553 resulted in Giffard's being "chosen by every man's voice": literally true, as an acclamation or voice vote was used unless the closeness of the voting necessitated a poll. Baron Stafford was determined to have his son, Henry, win the other seat and claimed victory. Littleton therefore demanded a count and was found to have a large majority, but the dispute still went as far as Stephen Gardiner, the Lord Chancellor, before Littleton could join Giffard again as MP for the county. The parliament lasted only two months and it was followed by two more brief parliaments in 1554. Giffard was not elected to either of them, and would have been unable to serve in the first, as he was Sheriff. However, the post did afford him the pleasure of returning his own son John as member for the borough of Stafford.

paragraph: Giffard was returned again for the county late in 1555, once more with Littleton. Conservative by instinct, both tended to conform to whatever the regime demanded. Both were Catholic and neither was recognised by Elizabeth as a member who had "stood for the true religion" in the previous reign. Giffard, like Littleton, went along with Mary's legislation, ignoring any attempts to organise resistance. Unlike Littleton, however, Giffard outlived Mary's Counter-Reformation and was forced to make a decision when faced by the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. He seized the opportunity afforded by the new, Protestant queen's coronation to sue for pardon, thus decisively declaring for the Catholic cause – a fateful decision for the Giffard family, who were to remain recusant for many generations.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and Family.

paragraph: Sir Thomas died on 27 May 1560 and was buried in Brewood parish church. An impressive tomb was later constructed, with life-sized effigies of himself and both his wives.

description: MP, landowner

wikidata_label: Thomas Giffard

wikipedia_title: Thomas Giffard


text:
Gorizia
Meinhardiner
Albert II
Meinhard VI
Albert III
Friuli
Medieval genealogy

categories: 14th-century births,Year of birth unknown,Counts of Gorizia,1362 deaths,14th-century people of the Holy Roman Empire

paragraph: Henry V, Count of Gorizia

paragraph: Henry V, Count of Gorizia (died 1362) was a Count of Gorizia from the Meinhardiner dynasty.

paragraph: He was a son of Count Albert II and his second wife, Euphemia of Mätsch. In 1338, he and his (half-)brothers Meinhard VI and Albert III inherited the County of Gorizia, which they proceeded to rule jointly. In 1349, he was appointed captain of Friuli.

paragraph: Henry V was married to Cigliola, daughter of Duke Jacopo of Carrara.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medieval genealogy

description: Count of Gorizia

wikidata_label: Henry V, Count of Gorizia

wikipedia_title: Henry V, Count of Gorizia


text:
Magonista
Baja California
Vizianagaram
Henry ap Rhys Pryce
Mexicali
Tijuana
Porfirio Díaz
Ricardo Flores Magón
Treaty of Ciudad Juárez
Owain Glyndŵr
Second Boer War
Hollywood

categories: 1955 deaths,People of the Mexican Revolution,Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,1877 births,Welsh mercenaries,Welsh people of World War I,People from Vizianagaram

paragraph: Carol Ap Rhys Pryce

paragraph: Caryl ap Rhys Pryce (30 September 1876 – 26 November 1955) was a Welshman and soldier of fortune most noted for his role in the 1911 Magonista rebellion in Baja California.

paragraph: He was born on 30 September 1876, in Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, British India, the son of Lt.-Col. Douglas Davidson Pryce and Georgie Hunter Carter. He was the younger brother of General Sir Henry ap Rhys Pryce.

paragraph: Pryce took over the command of the foreign legion in the rebellion after the slaying of its previous commander Stanley Williams. Pryce forced the property owners of the Mexicali region to contribute to his army's operations. On 9 May 1911 Pryce and his soldiers took control of Tijuana in a battle with Government Troops. Here he also instituted a regime of taxes and customs duties. With the resignation of Porfirio Díaz as president of Mexico, Pryce resigned his command of the foreign legion in the face of Ricardo Flores Magón's refusal to accept the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez.

paragraph: Pryce was a direct descendant of the Welsh freedom fighter Owain Glyndŵr. A British Colonial Policeman, Soldier, Officer, one of Rhodes' Rhodesia Hands.

paragraph: Section::::Africa and Boer War.

paragraph: He fought in the Matabele Rebellion with the British South Africa Police enlisting in May 1897 under the command of R.C. Nesbitt V.C.. He joined D Troop Mashontaland Division and participated at the storming of Matshayongombi's stronghold, where dynamite was used to blow the rebels out of their fortified caverns. Over the course of four days, 278 rebels surrendered, but hundreds more were entombed within the rock.Shortly afterwards, Pryce obtained a prospecting licence from the Mining Commissioner at Umtali, but his ten claims in Manica country proved fruitless

paragraph: In the Second Boer War, he distinguished himself as an outstanding marksman, regularly stalking and engaging Boer positions. Pryce enlisted in the Natal Mounted Police at Pietermaritzburg in May 1898. Active service ensued in the Boer War, including six months in the Imperial Light Horse in 1900, prior to employment in the South African Constabulary later that year.Commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in January 1903, he went on to serve as District Commandant of Bethlem, Springfontein, Flicksburg and Jacobsdal, in which period he also acted as Magistrate.

paragraph: Section::::Gringo Revolutionary.

paragraph: In 1908, he joined the 6th Duke of Connaught's Own Rifles, the local militia unit. But with business slack, and in fear of being hitched by the lady in his life, Pryce made a typically spur of the moment decision - whilst walking late one night he happened upon the ferry to Los Angeles, and without further thought or telling anybody of his intentions he jumped aboard. Arriving in L.A. in January 1911, without a penny to his name, his prospects looked bleak, the local populace suffering from high unemployment.

paragraph: Yet Pryce's arrival in Los Angeles happened to coincide with the heightened activity of Ricardo Flores Magon, an exiled Mexican revolutionary with ambitions towards ousting his country's president, Porfirio Díaz - the latter had been in power for 30 years and was under increasing pressure by another revolutionary called Madero, whose "Generals" were to later be Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

paragraph: Magon was constantly watched by both U.S. and Mexican agents, and, though fearful of being extradited back to his homeland to face the firing squad, plotted a revolution in Baja California, right on the American border - being based in L.A., he was able to take advantage of the down trodden masses and enlist their support as a vanguard of socialist revolution. And what he got by way of volunteers was a very mixed bag indeed, comprising ‘U.S. Army deserters, border bandits, escaped convicts, mercenaries, and most of all Caryl ap Rhys Pryce’ (Gringo Revolutionary, The Amazing Adventures of Caryl Ap Rhys Pryce, by J. Humphries, refers), the latter no doubt attracted by a bounty of $100 and a salary of a dollar a day - not to mention the promise of 160 acres of free land in Baja California, if Magon's aims were achieved.

paragraph: Among a party of 18 volunteers, Pryce was guided across the border into Mexico by Generalissimo Jose Maria Leyva, and his second in command, Simon Berthold, his fellow mercenaries including another Boer War veteran, "Melbourne" Hopkins from Australia, and several U.S. Army deserters, most prominent of which was to become Stanley Williams. Poorly armed, the budding revolutionaries joined up with a party of Indians, ‘the only thing distinguishing them as an army, the anarchist emblem, tiny red bows, pinned to their sleeves’ (Humphries).

paragraph: In late January 1911, Leyva took the border town of Mexicali without any great resistance and enrolled prisoners from the local jail to boost his force, news that Magon was able to use to his advantage back in L.A. where more volunteers came forward, but given the proximity of Mexicali to the U.S. border, it was inevitable that Washington became involved, a request being sent to President Diaz to deal with the 'uprising'. In answer to this request, the State Governor, Colonel Celso Vega, accompanied by 100 police, set off on a 10-day forced march across the mountains to Mexicali. Exhausted by the march, his small force was ill-prepared to take on the entrenched "Magonistas", and after a two-hour pitched battle in which several men were killed, the Mexican force fled, carrying the wounded Vega with them.

paragraph: The military knowledge of the veterans had come to the fore, leading to Stanley Williams taking command of the Magonistas and he ‘wasted no time stamping his new authority on the rebel army. Declaring he wanted action quickly, he, Pryce and Hopkins, together with 40 other gringos, hijacked a train to raid Algodones about 30 miles down the line towards Arizona. Bridges were blown, telegraph lines cut, and the terrified inhabitants sent fleeing across the border’ (Humphries).

paragraph: The ongoing raids on cattle, and other activities, caused extreme discomfort amongst the wealthy American land owners in the Imperial Valley, which in turn put further pressure on Washington and, ultimately, President Diaz, to do something.

paragraph: The answer came on 6 March when, as recounted by Humphries, ‘the War Department announced the largest mobilisation of troops and naval vessels ever undertaken by the United States in peacetime. Twenty thousand soldiers, a fifth of the U.S. Army, together with most of the Pacific Fleet, 2,000 marines recalled from their base at Guantanamo in Cuba, were converging on the border with Mexico.’ The relative stability of Diaz's reign had been good for the U.S's $1 billion investment in Mexico, but the pressure placed on that stability by the Magonistas camped closely to their border was clearly trying their diplomatic patience.

paragraph: On 8 April, Colonel Mayol and 600 regular soldiers of the Mexican "Fighting Eighth", with artillery support, advanced to within five miles of Mexicali. Williams and Pryce rode out to meet them with what has been called the 2nd Battalion of the Liberal Army in Lower California, better known as the "Foreign Legion" - a force of 80 men, only 30 of whom were mounted - and they were ambushed in an open cornfield on John Little's Ranch by Mexican machine-guns and artillery pieces. Humphries takes up the story: Shells screamed overhead, kicking up great clouds of dust and sand, the Magonistas diving for cover in the craters gouged in the desert floor. Pinned down by two chattering Hotchkisses, with Williams dying at his side, part of his head blown off ... Pryce sent "Dynamite" Bill, the oldest man in the 2nd Battalion, to attack the machine-guns with his home-made bombs ... Crawling to the edge of the Encina Canal, he lit the fuses from the end of his cigar, lobbing his bombs at the enemy ... Convinced the insurrectos had artillery, the Mexicans did pull back for a time.'

paragraph: In fact, one of Bill's bombs took out a machine-gun and Pryce and some of his comrades were able to make their escape, but not before noting that the Mexicans were in no mood to take prisoners, bayoneting their wounded where they fell in the cornfield. By now, to the 40 or so surviving Magonistas, states Humphries, Pryce ‘was a mercenary, pure and simple, the only man capable of leading them to the elusive pot of gold, if it existed,’ and was accordingly appointed their Generalissimo.

paragraph: The Magonista cause was now starting to attract newspaper headlines in the U.S., and journalists were braving the journey across the border for the chance of an interview with the enigmatic Welshman. In one interview, which appeared in the Sunset Magazine, shortly after the massacre at John Little's Ranch, Pryce was quoted as saying his men were, "a bully fine lot. I thought I'd lose half of them after the first fight, but it only seems to have wet their whistle. Still, they haven't looked on their own dead, and that makes a difference. I'll lose lots of them if I don't give them more action. The young bloodhounds! They must have it." All was not well, however, for Pryce's gentlemanly approach to command failed to prevent the emergence of dissenting parties, perhaps not altogether surprising given that his ranks included several well-known American criminals who had crossed the border to avoid the hangman's noose - in fact Pryce was compelled to order the execution of at least two of his men, one for rape the other for murder.

paragraph: In May, with a force now totalling 200 mounted men, Pryce set out to capture the gambling town of Tijuana, a journey in which his men had to cross much difficult terrain, varying from sweltering deserts to freezing mountain tops. The town was garrisoned by 100 men, but Pryce's morning attack quickly secured the southern perimeter, at which point he invited the Garrison C.O. to surrender. The latter having declined his offer, Pryce's force swept forward to complete the occupation of the town, his men showing no quarter or mercy and ‘fighting like demons, time and again rushing trenches or strongholds in the face of a veritable rain of lead’, fighting that cost the Mexicans 18 killed and Pryce's force seven killed. The way was now open to advance on the capital Ensenada. However, the victory at Tijuana was overshadowed by the capture of Ciudad Juarez by the Maderista General Orozco, which development persuaded Pryce that he required more arms and ammunition before continuing his advance. Accordingly, in the company of "Melbourne" Hopkins, he crossed the border under an assumed identity in order to meet Magon's representative in San Diego, but on arrival found his pseudonym to be all but useless, events in Mexico having attracted the headlines - in fact Pryce and Hopkins were inundated with free drinks, the former having achieved local celebrity status as "The Mexican Robin Hood". Alerted to their presence, the U.S. authorities moved in and arrested them on 19 May, then rushed them through proceedings at the District Court the next day, but only for the War Department to sanction their release after no evidence was secured to hold them.

paragraph: Returning to his troops at Tijuana, Pryce was dismayed to discover that Diaz had signed a treaty with Madero on 25 May, the former fleeing to France and the latter now close to gaining power as a result of imminent elections. His position untenable, Pryce crossed the border for L.A. for a final show down with Magon, who hitherto had been of little assistance; leaving behind a Tijuana that one observer described as ‘like living on the brink of a volcano; with not a sane man in the entire town, just anarchy.’ In Pryce's words:

paragraph: It was getting so serious that I came up to Los Angeles to see the Junta and find out what they intended doing. They had no money, and we didn't have any ammunition and it was useless to move on to Ensenada. So when I found the jig was up, I wrote back to the boys at Tijuana and advised them to disband. Hopkins and I came north to look for something else. Perhaps some day we may go back. I could hold Lower California with a 1,000 men and a couple of screw guns.’

paragraph: His men were ordered by Magon to continue flying the Red Flag, but in reality, without Pryce's military acumen, and sufficient ammunition, their future was bleak, and on 22 June, one week after Pryce’s departure, Vega returned with a force which outnumbered the Magonistas six-to-one, and retook Tijuana and massacred the insurrectos to a man.

paragraph: For his own part, Pryce was intercepted by F.B.I. agents just north of San Francisco, the Mexican Consul demanding that he be extradited to face charges of arson and murder, charges that he vehemently denied, and charges that he was cleared of by Commissioner Van Dyke in the District Court of Southern California on 28 September 1911 - the hearing had lasted a week, attracting a large amount of press coverage, and was filled with intrigue, one of the chief witnesses for the defence being murdered before he had the chance to give evidence that favoured Pryce. Be that as it may, Pryce was cleared of violation of neutrality laws and released, once more finding himself back on the streets

paragraph: Section::::Hollywood.

paragraph: Pryce later became a Hollywood actor in the days of the silent screen, acting in a number of films. He played himself in "The Colonel's Escape", based on the story of the Magonista Revolution and his role in it.

paragraph: Section::::First World War.

paragraph: Pryce returned to Canada and joined the Fort Garry Horse at Winnipeg in 1914, but subsequently transferred in the rank of Lieutenant to the 5th Brigade, Canadian Field Artillery, Humphries stating that ‘after ten months training, he sailed with the Canadian Expeditionary Force to England aboard the S.S. Irishman, transferring again on arrival to the Royal Field Artillery, attached to the 38th (Welsh) Division, of which his elder brother, Harry, was a General Staff Officer.’

paragraph: Pryce was appointed Commanding Officer of ‘A’ Battery, 119th Field Artillery Brigade, and entered the French theatre of war with his battery in November 1915. Ably assisted by Battery Sergeant-Major E. G. Horlock, V.C., who he described in his diary as a ‘treasure’, Pryce witnessed heavy fighting on the Somme in 1916, when ordered to get his guns into position behind Fricourt, not far from Mametz Wood, one of the objectives of the famous July offensive. The day before, when part of his diary was blown away by a piece of German shrapnel, he and two other officers were reconnoitring the German positions at Contalmaison when they came upon an enemy machine-gun position held by 17 Germans - all of whom surrendered to the British officers after a furious exchange of fire. By late May 1917, his battery was in position awaiting the assault on Messines, ‘but shortly before this began Pryce was hit in the shoulder by a shrapnel burst on 3 June. Sufficiently badly wounded to be invalided home, he spent the remainder of the war in command of a Reserve Artillery Brigade at Aldershot. Twice mentioned in despatches (London Gazette 4 January 1917 and 23 August 1917 refer), he was gazetted for his D.S.O. on the day he was wounded, an award believed to have stemmed from his earlier capture of the enemy machine-gun post on the Somme.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He married Ellen Mary Wilkinson, daughter of Thomas Loiseleur Wilkinson and Mary Valentina Alexander, of Neasham Abbey, Durham, in October 1918, in Eastbourne, Sussex.

paragraph: He died on 26 November 1955 at the Cottage Hospital, Cockermouth, Cumberland, England.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, Lawrence D. "The Magonista Revolt in Baja California: Capitalist Conspiracy or Rebelion de los Pobres?" in "The Journal of San Diego History" Vol 45, no. 1 (Winter 1999)

description: British mercenary

wikidata_label: Carol Ap Rhys Pryce

wikipedia_title: Carol Ap Rhys Pryce


text:
American football
Mayor of Philadelphia
Susquehanna, Pennsylvania
Bangor, Pennsylvania
Scranton High School
Keystone Academy
Lafayette College
University of Pennsylvania Law School
baseball
Widener University
University of Virginia
Weaver administration
Republican Party
Philadelphia City Council
the U.S. House of Representatives
Democrat
James Washington Logue
William Scott Vare
1926 campaign for the Senate
George W. Pepper
Gifford Pinchot
William Bauchop Wilson
1927 Philadelphia mayoral election
J. Hampton Moore
Kendrick administration
United States House of Representatives

categories: People from Northampton County, Pennsylvania,Mayors of Philadelphia,University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni,Pennsylvania lawyers,People from Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania,American athlete-politicians,Lafayette Leopards football players,Virginia Cavaliers football coaches,Lafayette Leopards baseball players,Penn Quakers football players,1869 births,Players of American football from Pennsylvania,1938 deaths,Widener Pride football coaches

paragraph: Harry Arista Mackey

paragraph: Harry Arista Mackey (June 26, 1869 – October 17, 1938) was an American football player and coach, lawyer, and politician. He served as the Mayor of Philadelphia from 1928 to 1932.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, and a native of Bangor, Pennsylvania, Mackey was educated at the Scranton High School, Keystone Academy, Lafayette College, and the University of Pennsylvania Law School. He played football and baseball at Lafayette, where he captained both squads during the 1889–90 academic year. At Penn, he played football from 1891 to 1893, serving as team captain in 1893.

paragraph: Mackey was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia in 1894. He served as the head football coach at Pennsylvania Military College, now Widener University, in 1894 compiling a 3-2 record, and at the University of Virginia in 1895, where his team went 9-2. His career win-loss record was 12–4.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: He clerked for two former judges after law school and entered into private practice in 1902. In 1905, he became the director of the Department of Public Health and Charities in the Weaver administration. He was active in the local Republican Party and won a seat in the lower house of the Philadelphia City Council, the Common Council. Mackey ran for the U.S. House of Representatives against Democrat James Washington Logue and Frederick S. Drake of the Washington Party, but finished third. Later, he served as the director of the Department of Public Works and chairman of the Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Board. In 1925, he won election as the City Treasurer of Philadelphia.

paragraph: Mackey was close to Republican Party boss William Scott Vare and was his campaign manager in his 1926 campaign for the Senate. Vare defeated incumbent Senator George W. Pepper and Gifford Pinchot in the Republican primary and William Bauchop Wilson in the general election but was not seated by the Senate after a three-year inquiry into campaign spending and vote fraud.

paragraph: In 1927, Mackey ran in the 1927 Philadelphia mayoral election as the candidate of William Vare. His main opponent was J. Hampton Moore, a former mayor who ran under the banner of the Citizens Party. Mackey campaigned against the Kendrick administration charging corruption in the police force to the tune of hundreds of thousands monthly in illicit payoffs. On Election Day, Mackey defeated Moore by a large margin.

paragraph: Over time, his position on prohibition changed during his term. His chief supporter, Vare, was “wet”; however, afterhis election, Mackey declared himself as a “dry” who was in favor of prohibition. Part of his initial program would include going after payoffs from saloon keepers and speakeasies. In 1930, delivered a speech that denounced prohibition, which local observers attributed to the mayor throwing hit hat into the 1930 election for governor as a “wet” candidate.

paragraph: By 1929, Mackey was supporting a rival electoral slate to Vare, which led to conflict between the factions. Meanwhile, Vare's counsel Made references to having information about Mackey that could result in indictment or impeachment.

paragraph: After he left office at the end of 1931, Mackey entered the race for the United States House of Representatives, but was unsuccessful.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He was married to Ida (Boner) Mackey and had one daughter, Lorna.

paragraph: Mackey died in 1938 in Philadelphia from pneumonia. He had been bedridden for two months after an automobile accident.

description: American football player and coach, lawyer, politician

wikidata_label: Harry Arista Mackey

wikipedia_title: Harry Arista Mackey


text:
Angoulême
France
photorealism
surrealism
cartoons
sculpture
drawing
Exquisite corpse
DeviantArt
page
Deviant Art site

categories: French male painters,Modern painters,French digital artists,1953 births,20th-century French painters,21st-century French painters

paragraph: Bernard Dumaine

paragraph: Bernard Dumaine (born August 20, 1953 in Angoulême, France) is a French artist best known for his work in photorealism and surrealism styles and for his background designs for television cartoons. He works in a variety of media, including oil paints, acrylic paints, graphite pencil, digital painting, digital collage, and video.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: He graduated in sculpture with a mention for drawing in 1977 in Angers ( Maine et Loire, France ). Many single and group exhibitions followed, both locally and internationally. His early work included drawings in the style of photorealist and surrealist oil paintings.

paragraph: He is currently working mostly in digital media, oil paints, and pencil. He is also doing Exquisite corpse works in collaboration with many artists internationally, and these collaborative works have recently been exhibited in galleries across France.

paragraph: He has a DeviantArt page which also contains a link to this Wikipedia page.

paragraph: Section::::Group exhibitions.

paragraph: "Painting with pixels" - Cork Gallery, New York City, USA (2004)

paragraph: "32 bit Connection" - Museumsquartier (MQ), Vienna - Austria (2004)

paragraph: International Surrealist Show 2006 - Spencer, Iowa

paragraph: "Chimeria" - Sedan, France 2009

paragraph: Energy Art Salon 2010 - Chicago, USA

paragraph: Museu Brasileiro da Escultura - São Paulo, Brazil "Toyart" (2011)

paragraph: Collettiva Surrealista "Linguaggi d'Arte" (2011) - Floridia, Italy

paragraph: "Imagining science" - University of Reading (UK) (2013) - Exquisite corpses with Sally Hunter and Immy Smith

paragraph: "Symbols and archetypes" - Dedalus Studi, Teramo, Italy (2013)

paragraph: "Luci e Ombre, Tribute to H.R. Giger" Teramo, Italy (2015)

paragraph: "Book Launch and Psychedelic Art Gallery" The Bently Reserve, San Francisco, CA (2015)

paragraph: "The resurrection of the Exquisite Corpse" Artworks, Richmond, VA, United States (2015)

paragraph: "Metamorphosis", Ripattoni in Arte, Palazzo Saliceti, Teramo, Italy (2016)

paragraph: "Grand Opening", Phaneros Gallery, Nevada City, CA, USA (2017)

paragraph: " Phaneros Family Campout ", Nevada City, CA, USA (2017)

paragraph: Section::::Personal exhibitions.

paragraph: "Séries" - Galerie Rivaud, Poitiers, France (2014)

paragraph: "Dreaming Deep" - Healdsburg, CA, USA ( March 2019 )

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Renderosity: Digital Art for the 21st Century" (2004, Collins Design) by John Grant and Audre Vysniauskas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Search 02" in "Issue #1, Dark Recesses Press" (Dark Recesses Press, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Metamorphosis" (2006, Jon Beinart)

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected work in "Imagine The Imagination : new visions of Surrealism (2009, nEgoist Sp.z.o.o.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected work in "Visionary Art Yearbook " (2010, edited by Otto Rapp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Miximages " 80 Exquisite corpses in pencils (Blurb, 2010, )

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Anarchy Mag, Issue #70/71",#72/73,#74 (Freedom press, 2011-2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Rebirth of the exquisite corpse" (2011, ) by Anthony Mason

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Collaborative Corpse Yearbook 2010-2011" (2011, Blurb) by George Teseleanu

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Eco-Ar-Te para o reencantamento do mundo" by SATO, Michèle (Org.) São Carlos: RiMa & Cuiabá: FAPEMAT, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Artelibre - arte y libertad VI" (Editorial Comuniter, S.L., 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Biomech Art" by Martin de Diego Sádaba (Graffito books) , 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Lithaire" by Pierre Petiot (La Belle Inutile Editions) , 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected work in "The Horror Magazine" by Jeani Rector (Horror Zine, The /2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected work in "The spindle's arc" by J. Karl Bogartte (La Belle Inutile Éditions /2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected work in "Insidieux" by Pierre Petiot (La Belle Inutile Editions) , 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected work in "Mona Lisa Reimagined" by Erik Maell (Goff Books) , 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- selected works in "Masters of Contemporary Art - Vol 2" (Art Galaxie) , 2016

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deviant Art site

paragraph: Section::::Disambiguation.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bernard Dumaine (French actor)

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Bernard Dumaine

wikipedia_title: Bernard Dumaine


text:
University of Cambridge
St. John's College
topos theory
William McGonagall
Johnstone's web page

categories: Cambridge mathematicians,Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge,Category theorists,Living people

paragraph: Peter Johnstone (mathematician)

paragraph: Peter Tennant Johnstone (born 1948) is Professor of the Foundations of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and a fellow of St. John's College. He invented or developed some ideas in topos theory. His thesis, completed at the University of Cambridge in 1974, was entitled "Some Aspects of Internal Category Theory in an Elementary Topos".

paragraph: He is a great-great nephew of the Reverend George Gilfillan who was apostrophised in William McGonagall's first poem.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- (v.3 in preparation)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johnstone's web page

description: mathematician

wikidata_label: Peter Johnstone

wikipedia_title: Peter Johnstone (mathematician)


text:
Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor
Tony Leung Chiu-wai
Xianfeng Emperor
Chow Yun-fat
Prison on Fire
A Better Tomorrow 3
God of Gamblers Returns
Joyce Godenzi
She Shoots Straight
Jean-Jacques Annaud
The Lover
Marguerite Duras
Jane March
Double Vision
David Morse
The Myth
Everlasting Regret
Election
Cold War
Hong Kong Film Award
Tony Leung Ka-Fai
Allmovie
Tony Leung Ka-fai

categories: Hong Kong male television actors,Alumni of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,20th-century Hong Kong male actors,1958 births,Hong Kong male film actors,21st-century Hong Kong male actors,Living people

paragraph: Tony Leung Ka-fai

paragraph: Tony Leung Ka-fai (; born 1 February 1958) is a Hong Kong actor who is a four-time winner of the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor.

paragraph: As he is often confused with actor Tony Leung Chiu-wai, Tony Leung Ka-fai is known as "Big Tony", while Tony Leung Chiu-wai is known as "Little Tony", nicknames which correspond to the actors' respective physical statures.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Leung has been in the film industry for more than 30 years, starring in a variety of roles. His debut film was "Burning of the Imperial Palace" (1983), where he played the Xianfeng Emperor. He would later work with Chow Yun-fat in three films, "Prison on Fire" (1987), "A Better Tomorrow 3" (1989), and "God of Gamblers Returns" (1994). He also appeared as Joyce Godenzi's husband in "She Shoots Straight", Joyce's trademark film.

paragraph: In 1991, Leung went to France to appear in Jean-Jacques Annaud's "The Lover", based on Marguerite Duras's novel, as the older lover of a young teen schoolgirl, who was played by British actress Jane March.

paragraph: Leung went on to star in the international horror feature film "Double Vision" with American actor David Morse. His ongoing career has seen him star in films such as "The Myth" (2005), "Everlasting Regret" (2005) and "Election" (2005).

paragraph: Leung won his fourth Best Actor award for his performance in "Cold War" at the 32nd Hong Kong Film Awards.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tony Leung Ka-Fai at Allmovie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tony Leung Ka-fai at chinesemov.com

alias:
Leung Ka-fai
Liang Jiahui

description: Chinese actor

wikidata_label: Tony Leung Ka-fai

wikipedia_title: Tony Leung Ka-fai


text:
Afsharid dynasty
Zand
Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar
shah
Nader Shah
Safavid
Sultan Husayn
Ebrahim Afshar
Nader Mirza Afshar
Mashhad
Suleiman I
Georgian
Azad Khan Afghan
Qajar
Mohammad Hassan Khan
Mazandaran
Soleyman II
Karim Khan
Nader
Khorasan
Qajar
Agha Mohammad Shah
mujtahid
Abbas I the Great
Imam Reza shrine
Tehran
Damghan

categories: Afsharid monarchs,Blind people from Iran,Executed monarchs,1734 births,1796 deaths,18th-century Iranian people

paragraph: Shahrokh Shah

paragraph: Shahrokh Mirza Afshar, better known by his dynastic name of Shahrokh Shah (: also spelled Shah Rokh) (c. 1734–1796), was a king of the Afsharid dynasty and a contemporary of the Zand kings.

paragraph: Section::::Origin.

paragraph: Shahrokh Mirza was the son of Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar, who was the son of the powerful Iranian shah Nader Shah (r. 1736-1747), who had briefly carved what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time. Shahrokh's mother was the Safavid princess Fatimeh Sultan Begum, who was the daughter of the Safavid shah Sultan Husayn (r. 1694–1722), thus making Shahrokh part of the Safavid royal family.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Shahrokh was elected by the nobles following the assassination of Ebrahim Afshar in 1748. Shahrokh's son Nader Mirza Afshar, became the prince of Khorasan. Shahrokh made Mashhad the capital of his kingdom. He was a contemporary of Mirza Mohammad, who was the son of shah Suleiman I's daughter and a clergyman. Encouraged by the nobles, he came to believe he was the true heir to the throne. Thus he captured and blinded Shahrokh capitalizing on the popular dissatisfaction with Shahrokh's rule, partly owing to the conduct of his Georgian favorite Rasul Beg, who scandalized Mashhad by making free with the harem of his master.

paragraph: In 1749, during a struggle for power, the son of the Khan of Tabriz, Azad Khan Afghan, began a campaign for independence which removed the province of Azerbaijan from Iran, while in the west the Qajar tribe led by Mohammad Hassan Khan took over the region of Mazandaran.

paragraph: In 1750, Soleyman II was captured and blinded by the followers of Shahrokh, subsequent to which Shahrokh was reinstated as Shah.

paragraph: In 1760, when Karim Khan took control of Iran, he did not try to depose Shahrokh out of respect for Nader; however, the realm of Shahrokh was reduced to the province of Khorasan.

paragraph: When the Qajar ruler Agha Mohammad Shah reached Mashhad, Shahrokh, along with a prominent "mujtahid" named Mirza Mahdi, went to the Qajar encampment. There they were warmly received by Agha Mohammad Shah's nephew Hossein Qoli Khan. Shortly afterwards, Agha Mohammad Shah sent a force of 8,000 soldiers under Suleiman Khan Qajar, followed by Mirza Mahdi, to conquer Mashhad and affirm its citizens of the Shah's generosity. A day later, Agha Mohammad Shah, followed the customary of the famous Iranian shah Abbas I the Great, and entered Mashhad by foot as a pilgrim to the Imam Reza shrine, whilst being teary eyed and kissing the ground. His pilgrimage continued for 23 days, where he seemed to be unaware of the politics of the country.

paragraph: However, things quickly instantly changed after that—Agha Mohammad Shah ordered the digging up of Nader Shah's corpse, and had it sent to Tehran, where it was reburied alongside Karim Khan Zand's corpse. He then forced Shahrokh to give any riches that originally belonged to Nader Shah. Shahrokh vowed that he did not possess any more of Nader Shah's riches. Agha Mohammad Shah, ruthless and revengeful, and with an desire for treasures, disbelieved him, and had him hurt severely to confess the hidden locations of the last gems that he had passed down to him from his grandfather—Shahrokh, however, refused to speak. However, he eventually confessed the locations of the gems. Shahrokh was sent to Mazandaran with his family, but died at Damghan due to the injuries he had suffered by his torturers.

description: King of the Afsharid dynasty

wikidata_label: Shahrukh Afshar

wikipedia_title: Shahrokh Shah


text:
German
DJ
producer
London
Depeche Mode
Enjoy the Silence
UK Singles Chart
Dido
George Michael
Paul Oakenfold
Ayumi Hamasaki
Mat Zo
Kirsty Hawkshaw
Boy George
Grammy
DJ
DJ Magazine
music label
Techno
Anjunabeats
Armada Music
Point Blank Music School
London
Berlin
Kirsty Hawkshaw
Darren Tate
Lange
Lange
Alex M.O.R.P.H.
Eve Gallagher
Ruff Driverz
Lustral
Ayumi Hamasaki
Kirsty Hawkshaw
Fine Day
DJ Tatana
Cass Fox
The Thrillseekers
DT8 Project
Coldplay
MaRLo
Sunny Lax
Mat Zo
Ronski Speed
Paul Oakenfold
Armin van Buuren
Armin van Buuren
Official website

categories: German DJs,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,Year of birth missing (living people),German male musicians

paragraph: Mike Koglin

paragraph: Mike Koglin is a German DJ and producer who has lived in London since 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1998, Koglin had success with his single "The Silence", a remake of Depeche Modes "Enjoy the Silence", reaching number 20 in the UK Singles Chart. He has since written and produced a large number of singles and he has remixed numerous established artists including Dido, George Michael, Paul Oakenfold, Ayumi Hamasaki, Mat Zo or Kirsty Hawkshaw. His song "When Will You Learn", written and produced for Boy George, received a Grammy nomination for "Best Dance Recording" in 1998.

paragraph: Koglin has seen comparable success as a DJ with worldwide performances at globally renowned clubs and events. In 2008 he ranked 87th in the voting for the "Top 100 DJs" of DJ Magazine, 2009 he again entered the list on position 88. Mike hosts his own radio show 'Every Direction' aired monthly on DI.fm and other international stations.

paragraph: Koglin runs his own music label "Noys Music" since 2004, in 2016 he launched a second label named "Yomo Records" for Progressive and Techno releases. He has also released his work on Anjunabeats, Armada Music, Silk Music, Vandit Records and several other international record labels. Koglin has developed several online courses for Point Blank Music School, which he also oversees as an instructor. Having lived in London from 1990 to 2012, Koglin now lives and works in Berlin, Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "VS"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Visions Around The Globe: Noys Sessions

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles (selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: Club Zone - Hands Up

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: The Silence

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: On My Way

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: Fortuna 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: A New Day (feat. Kirsty Hawkshaw)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: Not Alone

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: Now Is The Time (vs. Darren Tate)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: The Journey

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: Time (No Challenge, No Success) (ft. )

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: Loaded

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: Another World

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: Pushed On

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Circuits (w. Jono Grant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Yoake (ft. )

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Relentless (vs. JFK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Time

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: Sequential (w. Jono Grant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: 1:1.618

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: The Silence 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: Bermuda (vs. Lange)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: Radar (vs. Lange)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: Sanctuary

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: Shift (with Alex M.O.R.P.H.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: Ultraviolet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: Untitled Audio (vs. P.O.S.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: All the Way (with Mark Pledger)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Reloaded (vs. Energy Dai)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Dirty Monster (with Marc Vedo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: United

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Autumn (vs. P.O.S.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Find Me (feat. Tania Laila)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: The Silence (2011 Remixes)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Sunstar

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Metronomic (with Dale Corderoy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Scalar

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Helion (vs. Genix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: Dyno (vs. Genix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: Varana

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: Vision (vs. 7 Skies)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: Crunk (with Tempo Giusto)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Taiko

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Kosmonaut

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Vesta (with Moodfreak)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: Octagon (with Moodfreak)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: Initial/Impact (as Sudhaus)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: Raumklang (as Sudhaus)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Remixes (selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eve Gallagher - Heaven Has To Wait (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruff Driverz pres. Arrola - La Musica (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lustral - Everytime (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hurley & Todd - Sunstorm (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayumi Hamasaki - Immature (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kirsty Hawkshaw - Fine Day (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- DJ Wout - Mastermind (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- DJ Tatana feat. Claudio Mangione - Time Of My Life (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cass Fox - Touch Me (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Thrillseekers - Newlife (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- DT8 Project - Succumb To The Night (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coldplay - Viva La Vida (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arcane Science - Twisted Intent (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sequentia pres. Sunshade - Vertigo (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- MaRLo feat. Em - Capture (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sunny Lax & Solex - Out Of This World (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mat Zo - Superman (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tempo Giusto - Dive Into The Echo (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kuoob - VRM (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ronski Speed - Sanity (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Oakenfold - Touch Me (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armin van Buuren - Sail (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armin van Buuren - Rush Hour (2016)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: German trance DJ and producer

wikidata_label: Mike Koglin

wikipedia_title: Mike Koglin


text:
Geelong
Australia
Netherlands
electronic dance music
progressive house
Chris Lake
Billboard
Hot Dance Airplay
trance
Armin van Buuren
Dash Berlin
Cosmic Gate
Gareth Emery
BT
Armin van Buuren
A State of Trance
Burn the Sky Down
Chris Lake
Cosmic Gate
Dash Berlin
Amurai
Ronski Speed
Marcus Schössow
Gareth Emery
Lange
Dash Berlin
Allure
Allure
Cosmic Gate
Cosmic Gate
Dash Berlin
Armin van Buuren
BT
Tritonal
Cosmic Gate
3LAU
Mark Sixma
Schiller
Andrew Rayel
Cosmic Gate
Mark Sixma
Aly & Fila
3LAU
Markus Schulz
Gareth Emery
Emma Hewitt
Emma Hewitt
Last.fm

categories: People from Geelong,Trance singers,1988 births,Australian singer-songwriters,Living people

paragraph: Emma Hewitt

paragraph: Emma Louise Hewitt (born 28 April 1988 in Geelong, Australia) is an Australian singer and songwriter residing in the Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hewitt was the lead singer of the Australian rock band Missing Hours, with whom she released the eponymous debut album in October 2008 through Sony Australia. The band that she formed with her brother Anthony is currently no longer active, because both now live in Los Angeles and are now working as songwriters of electronic dance music.

paragraph: Although Emma Hewitt had a musical background in rock music, she released her debut single in 2007 in the field of progressive house. "Carry Me Away" was a collaboration with British DJ Chris Lake. The single reached number 11 in the Spanish singles charts as well as number 12 in Finland. The single spent a total of 50 weeks in the Billboard Hot Dance Airplay charts in the United States and reached number 1 in December 2007.

paragraph: After the success of her first single, she became a trance singer, working with several trance artists such as Armin van Buuren, Dash Berlin, Cosmic Gate, Gareth Emery, Serge Devant and BT. The single "Waiting", which she published with Dash Berlin in 2009, was ranked 25th in the Belgian singles chart and No. 1 on the Global Trance Charts. In Armin van Buuren's radio show A State of Trance the single was elected by the audience with 2,109 votes to the second best song of the year 2009. At the International Dance Music Awards 2010 "Waiting" was awarded as best "HiNRG/Euro Track". She was nominated twice in the category "Best Trance Track" with "Waiting" and "Not Enough Time".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: As Missing Hours

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Missing Hours" (2008)

paragraph: As Emma Hewitt

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burn the Sky Down" (2012)

paragraph: Singles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Colours"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Miss You Paradise"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Still Remember You (Stay Forever)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Foolish Boy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Rewind"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Crucify"

paragraph: Collaborations

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Chris Lake featuring Emma Hewitt – "Carry Me Away" (Hot Dance Airplay No. 1, Global Dance Tracks #28)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Cosmic Gate featuring Emma Hewitt – "Not Enough Time"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Serge Devant featuring Emma Hewitt – "Take Me With You"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Dash Berlin featuring Emma Hewitt – "Waiting"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Amurai featuring Emma Hewitt – "Crucify Yourself"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: Ronski Speed presents Sun Decade featuring Emma Hewitt – "Lasting Light"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: Marcus Schössow and Reeves featuring Emma Hewitt – "Light"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: Gareth Emery with Emma Hewitt – "I Will Be the Same"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: Lange featuring Emma Hewitt – "Live Forever"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Dash Berlin featuring Emma Hewitt – "Disarm Yourself"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Allure featuring Emma Hewitt – "No Goodbyes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Allure featuring Emma Hewitt – "Stay Forever"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Micky Slim featuring Emma Hewitt – "Tonight"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Cosmic Gate featuring Emma Hewitt – "Be Your Sound"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: Cosmic Gate featuring Emma Hewitt – "Calm Down"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: Dash Berlin featuring Emma Hewitt – "Like Spinning Plates"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: Armin van Buuren featuring Emma Hewitt – "Forever is Ours"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: BT featuring Tritonal and Emma Hewitt – "Calling Your Name"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Cosmic Gate featuring Emma Hewitt – "Going Home"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: 3LAU featuring Emma Hewitt – "Alive Again"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Mark Sixma and Emma Hewitt – "Restless Hearts"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: Schiller and Emma Hewitt – "Looking Out for You", "Only Love"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: Andrew Rayel featuring Emma Hewitt – "My Reflection"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: Cosmic Gate featuring Emma Hewitt – "Tonight"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: Mark Sixma featuring Emma Hewitt – "Missing"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: P.A.F.F. and Emma Hewitt – "Give You Love"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: Aly & Fila featuring Emma Hewitt – "You & I"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: 3LAU featuring Emma Hewitt – "Worlds Away"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: Markus Schulz and Emma Hewitt – "Safe from Harm"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: Gareth Emery and Emma Hewitt – "Take Everything"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emma Hewitt Discography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emma Hewitt On Last.fm

description: Australian singer-songwriter and trance vocalist

wikidata_label: Emma Hewitt

wikipedia_title: Emma Hewitt


text:
Haradok
Leningrad
Russia
mathematician
number theory
analysis
ICM
Gauss
Gauss–Kuzmin distribution
algebraic
quadratic irrational
transcendental
Gelfond–Schneider constant
Kusmin-Landau inequality
Nearest integer function
J. V. Uspensky

categories: Soviet mathematicians,1949 deaths,Perm State University faculty,1891 births,Number theorists,Russian mathematicians,People from Vitebsk Governorate

image: 512px-Кузьмин,_Родион_Осиевич.jpg

paragraph: Rodion Kuzmin

paragraph: Rodion Osievich Kuzmin (, Nov. 9, 1891, Riabye village in the Haradok district – March 24, 1949, Leningrad) was a Russian mathematician, known for his works in number theory and analysis. His name is sometimes transliterated as Kusmin. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1928 in Bologna.

paragraph: Section::::Selected results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1928, Kuzmin solved the following problem due to Gauss (see Gauss–Kuzmin distribution): if "x" is a random number chosen uniformly in (0, 1), and

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1930, Kuzmin proved that numbers of the form "a", where "a" is algebraic and "b" is a real quadratic irrational, are transcendental. In particular, this result implies that Gelfond–Schneider constant

paragraph: BULLET::::- He is also known for the Kusmin-Landau inequality: If formula_6 is continuously differentiable with monotonic derivative formula_7 satisfying formula_8 (where formula_9 denotes the Nearest integer function) on a finite interval formula_10, then

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (The chronology there is apparently wrong, since J. V. Uspensky lived in USA from 1929.)

description: Russian mathematician

wikidata_label: Rodion Kuzmin

wikipedia_title: Rodion Kuzmin


text: English

text: peer

text: courtier

text: soldier

text: landowner

text: Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset

text: marquess

text: Cecily Bonville

text: William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington

text: suo jure

text: 7th Baroness Harington of Aldingham

text: Queen Elizabeth Woodville

text: King Edward IV

text: King Edward V

text: Magdalen College School

text: Oxford

text: Cardinal Wolsey

text: King Richard III

text: Buckingham

text: rebellion of 1483

text: Brittany

text: Henry Tudor

text: Battle of Bosworth Field

text: Elizabeth of York

text: Lambert Simnel

text: Leonard

text: knight of the Bath

text: knight of the Garter

text: Arthur, Prince of Wales

text: Catherine of Aragon

text: Tudor rose

text: Tower of London

text: Calais

text: King Henry VIII

text: attainted

text: Baron Ferrers of Groby

text: Althorp

text: Northamptonshire

text: John Spencer

text: Little Brington

text: Great Brington

text: St Mary the Virgin

text: Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk

text: Princess Mary

text: King Louis XII

text: justice of the peace

text: Leicestershire

text: Baron Hastings

text: Star Chamber

text: Court of King's Bench

text: Bradgate

text: Field of Cloth of Gold

text: sword of state

text: Charles V

text: Gravelines

text: France

text: Duke of Buckingham

text: Justice in Eyre south of Trent

text: forest law

text: constable

text: Warwick Castle

text: Kenilworth Castle

text: Arthur, Prince of Wales

text: Cardinal Wolsey

text: Aquitaine

text: Hundred Years' War

text: Ferdinand of Aragon

text: Navarre

text: Tournai

text: Battle of Guinegate

text: Lord Warden of the Marches

text: Privy Council

text: Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset

text: Cecily Bonville

text: William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington

text: Katherine Neville

text: Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick

text: John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu

text: George Neville

text: Archbishop of York

text: Chancellor of England

text: Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick

text: William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel

text: Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby

text: John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford

text: Baron Bonville

text: Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire

text: Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham

text: Catherine Woodville

text: Queen Elizabeth Woodville

text: Sir John Grey of Groby

text: Lady Ferrers of Groby

text: King Edward IV

text: King Edward V

text: Second Battle of St Albans

text: Lancastrian

text: Elizabeth Woodville

text: Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers

text: Jacquetta of Luxembourg

text: John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford

text: Eleanor of England

text: King John

text: Isabella of Angoulême

text: Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter

text: Lydiard Tregoze

text: Wiltshire

text: Margaret Beauchamp

text: John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset

text: Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond

text: Margaret Wotton

text: Boughton Malherbe

text: Kent

text: Treasurer of Calais

text: Nicholas Wotton

text: Anne of Cleves

text: Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk

text: Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk

text: Leonard Grey, 1st Viscount Grane

text: Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

text: Lady Frances Brandon

text: Charles Brandon, 3rd Duke of Suffolk

text: Duke of Suffolk

text: Lady Jane Grey

text: King Edward VI

text: Lord John Grey

text: Wyatt's rebellion

text: Philip of Spain

text: Lord Guildford Dudley

text: House of Lords

text: King James I

text: Baron Grey of Groby

text: Astley

text: Warwickshire

text: manor

text: The expedition of Dorset to Navarre

categories: House of York,Grey family,16th-century English nobility,1530 deaths,Knights of the Garter,Marquesses of Dorset,15th-century English nobility,Knights of the Bath,1477 births,Recipients of English royal pardons

paragraph: Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset

paragraph: Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset (22 June 147710 October 1530) was an English peer, courtier, soldier, and landowner.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Grey was the third son and heir of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset (1455–1501), at that time England's only marquess, and his wife, Cecily Bonville, the daughter and heiress of William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington of Aldingham. His mother was suo jure 7th Baroness Harington of Aldingham and 2nd Baroness Bonville, and the richest heiress in England. The first marquess was the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth Woodville, a stepson of King Edward IV and a half-brother of Edward, Prince of Wales, later King Edward V.

paragraph: According to some reports, the young Grey attended Magdalen College School, Oxford, and he is uncertainly said to have been taught (either at the school or else privately tutored) by the future Cardinal Wolsey.

paragraph: Grey's father was opposed to King Richard III, and after the older Thomas joined Buckingham's failed rebellion of 1483, father and son fled to Brittany, joining Henry Tudor. Five months after Richard lost the crown to Henry at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485, the new king married the first Dorset's half-sister Elizabeth of York, but Henry VII was also suspicious of Dorset, who was imprisoned during Lambert Simnel's rebellion of 1487. In 1492, Dorset was required to give guarantees of loyalty to the crown and to make the young Thomas Grey a ward of the king.

paragraph: Section::::Courtier.

paragraph: Amongst the Queen of England's closest relations, Grey and his younger brothers Leonard and Edward were welcome at court and became courtiers and later soldiers. In 1494, Grey was made a knight of the Bath and in 1501 a knight of the Garter. Also in 1501, his father died and the younger Thomas inherited his titles and some of his estates. However, much of the first marquess's land went to his widow and not to his son, who did not come into his full inheritance until the death of his mother in 1529, shortly before his own death.

paragraph: Later in 1501, he was 'chief answerer' at the marriage of Arthur, Prince of Wales and Catherine of Aragon and was presented with a diamond and ruby Tudor rose at a court tournament. But in 1508 he was sent to the Tower of London, and later a gaol in Calais, under suspicion of conspiracy against Henry VII. Although he was saved from execution in 1509 by the accession of King Henry VIII, Grey was attainted and lost his titles. However, later in 1509 he was pardoned and returned to court, and was summoned to parliament as Baron Ferrers of Groby. In 1511, he was summoned as Marquess of Dorset.

paragraph: From 1509, Dorset was again an active courtier and took part with great distinction in many court tournaments, on one occasion in March 1524 nearly killing the king.

paragraph: In 1511, Dorset sold land near Althorp, Northamptonshire, to John Spencer. The sale included the villages of Little Brington and Great Brington, as well their parish church of St Mary the Virgin.

paragraph: In 1514, with Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, Dorset escorted Henry VII's daughter Princess Mary to France for her wedding to King Louis XII.

paragraph: Dorset owned land in sixteen English counties and was a justice of the peace for several of them. In 1516, during a rivalry in Leicestershire with George, Baron Hastings, and Sir Richard Sacheverell, Dorset unlawfully increased his retinue at court and was brought before the Star Chamber and the Court of King's Bench. He was bound over for good behaviour. As part of this rivalry, he greatly enlarged his ancestral home at Bradgate, Leicestershire.

paragraph: In 1520, at the Field of Cloth of Gold, Dorset carried the sword of state. In 1521, he met the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at Gravelines on the coast of France and escorted him on a visit to England. He helped with the entertainment of the court by maintaining a company of actors.

paragraph: In 1521, Dorset sat in judgment on the Duke of Buckingham, despite being related to him by marriage. After his father's death, Dorset's mother had married a brother of the Duke. Henry VIII rewarded Dorset with three of Buckingham's manors.

paragraph: From 17 June 1523 until his death in 1530, Dorset was Justice in Eyre south of Trent. As such, he presided at the triennial "Court of justice-seat", which dealt with matters of forest law.

paragraph: In 1524, Dorset's Leicestershire feud with Lord Hastings turned into a fight between hundreds of men, and Cardinal Wolsey took action. Both rivals had to put up a bond for good behaviour of one thousand pounds, and Dorset was sent to Wales as Lord Master of Princess Mary's Council.

paragraph: In 1528, Dorset became constable of Warwick Castle, and in 1529 of Kenilworth Castle.

paragraph: In 1529, recalling his role as 'chief answerer' at the marriage of Arthur, Prince of Wales, Dorset was a critical witness in favour of Henry VIII's divorce of Catherine of Aragon. He strongly supported the King's contention that Arthur and Catherine's marriage had been consummated.

paragraph: In 1530, in the final months of his life, he assisted the King in the condemnation of Cardinal Wolsey.

paragraph: Section::::Soldier.

paragraph: In 1512, Dorset led an unsuccessful English military expedition to France to reconquer Aquitaine, which England had lost during the Hundred Years' War. Unhappily, Ferdinand of Aragon gave none of the support he had promised. While Ferdinand delayed and tried to persuade Dorset to help him to attack Navarre instead of Aquitaine, the English army's food, beer, and pay ran out, many took to wine and became ill, and the army mutinied. Back in England, Dorset had to face a trial.

paragraph: In 1513, he fought at the siege of Tournai and the Battle of Guinegate (also known as the "Battle of the Spurs"), and fought again in 1523 in the Scottish borders. These all gave him chances to make amends for the debacle of Aquitaine. To help Dorset in dealing with the Scots, he was appointed Lord Warden of the Marches, restored to the Privy Council, and became a gentleman of the chamber.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Grey was the son and heir of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset (c. 1456–1501), and his wife, Cecily Bonville, daughter and heiress of William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington of Aldingham and of Lady Katherine Neville (1442–1503) and granddaughter of Alice Neville, 5th Countess of Salisbury (1407–1462). Cecily Bonville's maternal uncles included Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (called 'Warwick the Kingmaker'), John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu and George Neville, Archbishop of York and Chancellor of England, while her aunts had married Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel, Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby, and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Cecily Bonville succeeded her father as Baroness Harington in 1460, and two months later succeeded her great-grandfather William Bonville as Baron Bonville. After the death of her first husband, Cecily Bonville married her late husband's first cousin Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, the younger son of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and of Catherine Woodville, Dorset's aunt.

paragraph: The younger Thomas Grey's paternal grandparents were Queen Elizabeth Woodville (c. 1437–1492) and her first husband Sir John Grey of Groby (c. 1432–1461), son and heir of Elizabeth Ferrers, Lady Ferrers of Groby, so his father the first marquess was a stepson of King Edward IV and a half-brother of King Edward V. His grandfather Sir John Grey was killed at the Second Battle of St Albans (1461), fighting on the Lancastrian side. His grandmother Elizabeth Woodville was the eldest daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, widow of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Following his grandmother's marriage to Edward IV, members of her family gained advantages and made prosperous marriages. Elizabeth's brother John Woodville, at the age of twenty, married Catherine Neville, dowager Duchess of Norfolk, then in her late sixties.

paragraph: Through Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Dorset was descended from Eleanor of England (1215–1275), the daughter of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, and from several other European royal families.

paragraph: Section::::Family.:Marriages and descendants.

paragraph: Thomas Grey was contracted in 1483 to marry Anne St Leger (1476–1526), the daughter of Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter and her second husband Sir Thomas St Leger. Remarkably, Anne St Leger had been declared the heiress to the Exeter estates, but the marriage did not take place.

paragraph: In the event, the young Thomas Grey's first marriage was to Eleanor St John, a daughter of Oliver St John of Lydiard Tregoze, Wiltshire and of his wife Elizabeth Scrope, daughter of Henry le Scrope, 4th Baron Scrope of Bolton (1418–1459). Grey's father-in-law Oliver St John (died in 1497) (also known as Oliver of Ewell) was the son of Margaret Beauchamp (c. 1411-1482), the great-great-granddaughter of Roger Beauchamp, 1st Lord Beauchamp of Bletso, Keeper of Devizes Castle, and heiress to the Beauchamp estates. After the death of her first husband, another Oliver St John (died 1437), she married John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset (1404–1444), producing Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond. Eleanor St John was therefore the first cousin of Henry VII.

paragraph: In 1509, Thomas Grey (now known as Lord Ferrers of Groby) married secondly Margaret Wotton (1487–1541), daughter of Sir Robert Wotton (c. 1463–1524) of Boughton Malherbe, Kent, and the widow of William Medley. She had two notable brothers, Sir Edward Wotton (1489–1551), Treasurer of Calais, and Nicholas Wotton (c. 1497–1567), a diplomat who in 1539 arranged the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves. With Margaret, the younger Thomas Grey had four sons and four daughters, including Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk (1517–1554). Their daughter Elizabeth married Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden and was the grandmother of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk. His second wife survived him and died in or after 1535.

paragraph: His younger brother Leonard Grey, 1st Viscount Grane (c. 14791541) served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1536 to 1540.

paragraph: Dorset's son Henry succeeded him as Marquess of Dorset, married Lady Frances Brandon, a granddaughter of King Henry VII, and in 1551 (on the death of his brother-in-law Charles Brandon, 3rd Duke of Suffolk) become Duke of Suffolk, by way of a new creation. Dorset's granddaughter Lady Jane Grey was the designated successor of King Edward VI by his will, and for nine days in July 1553 briefly sat on the throne of England. In 1554, together with Dorset's other surviving sons, Lord John Grey and Lord Thomas Grey, Suffolk took part in Wyatt's rebellion against Mary I's marriage to Philip of Spain and in support of Lady Jane Grey. When this rebellion failed, all three were arrested, and Suffolk and his brother Thomas were executed, as were Lady Jane herself and her husband Lord Guildford Dudley. Lord John Grey survived, and in July 1603 his youngest son, Henry Grey, was restored to the House of Lords by King James I as Baron Grey of Groby.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Dorset died on 10 October 1530, and was buried in the collegiate church at Astley in Warwickshire. When he died he held estates in London and in sixteen counties, amounting to over one hundred manors, and was one of the richest men in England. His grave was opened in the early seventeenth century and measurement of his skeleton suggested a height of 5 feet 8 inches.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The expedition of Dorset to Navarre

description: English peer and soldier

wikidata_label: Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset

wikipedia_title: Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset


text: atheist

text: Richard Dawkins Foundation

text: Huffington Post

text: Le Monde

text: Neue Zürcher Zeitung

text: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung

text: Basler Zeitung

text: Basler Zeitung

text: Switzerland

text: Ramadan

text: Mohamad al-Arefe

text: St. Gallen Symposium

text: United Nations Human Rights Council

text: Hamza Kashgari

text: Raif Badawi

text: Alireza Avayi

text: Ensaf Haidar

text: Kacem El Ghazzali's Facebook

text: Kacem El Ghazzali's Twitter

categories: Moroccan atheists,Opposition to Islam in Morocco,Atheism activists,Berber writers,21st-century atheists,Berber activists,Former Muslim critics of Islam,Moroccan bloggers,Moroccan former Muslims,Swiss democracy activists,Swiss activists,Opposition to Islam in Switzerland,Living people,Moroccan activists,Swiss atheists,Moroccan democracy activists,Former Muslims turned agnostics or atheists,Moroccan dissidents,1990 births

paragraph: Kacem El Ghazzali

paragraph: Kacem El Ghazzali (, ), (born 24 June 1990), is a secularist writer and activist and is one of the few Moroccans to publicly announce to be an atheist. Kacem speaks English, as well as German, French, Arabic and Berber. Mostly known for his publicly voiced atheism, his writings stress the importance of freedom of thought which, in his view is lacking in countries dominated by Islam. His articles have been published in/by the Richard Dawkins Foundation, "Huffington Post", "Le Monde", "Neue Zürcher Zeitung", "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung", "Basler Zeitung" and others.

paragraph: In 2017 El Ghazzali was granted Swiss citizenship, and was chosen as one of the 14 most influential Swiss intellectuals of the year by the "Basler Zeitung".

paragraph: El Ghazzali was also named Swiss of the Year 2018 by the Sunday newspaper SonntagsZeirung among 30 other personalities.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Kacem El Ghazzali comes from a sufi Berber family. His grandfather built a mosque in his village, his father, a dentist, wanted to have the son trained as an imam. Although Sufism preaches a mystical, undogmatic Islam, Kacem felt the religion of childbirth as restrictive and controlling.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Blogging and activism.

paragraph: El Ghazzali was the author of the Bahmut blog, one of the most controversial blogs in the Arab world, and has received a number of death threats because of his views. His blog discusses issues ranging from freedom of expression to political Islam.

paragraph: He used to be the head of the Youth Chapter at the Moroccan Center for Human Rights and is a member of the Executive Board of the Moroccan Blogger Association and CyberDissidents.org Blogger Board and one of its founders.

paragraph: El Ghazzali is one of the few atheist activists in Morocco and is a proponent of religious and sexual freedom. When he publicly declared his atheism in 2010, it caused outrage in Moroccan society, and resulted in public protests and numerous death threats against him. He has been living as a refugee in Switzerland since 2011. He has appeared repeatedly in international media, including television.

paragraph: In 2012, he launched the "Masayminch" initiative, which calls on Moroccans who do not observe Ramadan to eat publicly. Moroccans born in non-Jewish families are forbidden by law to drink, eat, or smoke in public during Ramadan. In the same year, El Ghazzali founded the Association of Ex-Muslims of Switzerland, which in December 2012 successfully raised public pressure to ban Saudi fundamentalist imam Mohamad al-Arefe from entering Switzerland to preach.

paragraph: His novel "Casablanca Geneva flight number: 8J540 " (2013) is named after the airplane 'flight to freedom' that brought him from Morocco to Switzerland.

paragraph: El Ghazzali was a speaker at the 47th session of the St. Gallen Symposium on 3–5 May 2017 and was one of the carefully hand-picked members of the Symposium Leaders of Tomorrow-knowledge pool.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Human rights at the UN HRC.

paragraph: Since 2012 El Ghazzali has been serving as International Humanist and Ethical Union Representative at the United Nations Human Rights Council, Geneva, where he criticized Saudi Arabia for persecuting freethinkers and liberals like the poet Hamza Kashgari and the blogger Raif Badawi. El Ghazali also criticised his home state of Morocco for unconstitutionally silencing the voices of atheists.

paragraph: During the 25th Session of the Human Rights Council, El Ghazzali criticised the fact that several states in which convicted ‘blasphemers’ are currently in jail are also current members of the Human Rights Council.

paragraph: At the beginning of the 37th session of the Human Rights Council, Iran's Justice Minister Alireza Avayi criticised “self-identified champions of human rights who, through finger pointing, unjustly and widely blame others for violations of human rights” at the United Nations. In his intervention, El Ghazzali criticised the fact that Iran prevents girls and women from attending certain sporting events and forces them to wear the veil. Addressing the council, El Ghazzali also said that "Iran’s human rights record brings shame on us all."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Raif Badawi Foundation.

paragraph: In September 2015, Ensaf Haidar announced the formation of the Raif Badawi Foundation, named for her husband who is now carrying out a decade-long prison term, sentenced to 1000 lashes for his religious and political dissent. El Ghazzali was chosen as a member of the international advisory board (as co-director) of Raif Badawi Foundation for Freedom.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Casablanca Geneva flight number: 8J540 " ( Novel in Arabic), 2013.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official sites

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kacem El Ghazzali's Facebook

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kacem El Ghazzali's Twitter

description: Blogger, Writer

wikidata_label: Kacem El Ghazzali

wikipedia_title: Kacem El Ghazzali


text:
Conservative Party
The Souls
Clouds House
East Knoyle
George Wyndham, 1st Baron Leconfield
Eton
Coldstream Guards
Cumberland West
Sir Henry Wyndham
Deputy Lieutenant
Justice of the Peace
Sussex
Wiltshire
manor
Pertwood
Wiltshire County Council
High Sheriff of Wiltshire
Sir Guy Campbell, 1st Baronet
Lord Edward FitzGerald
The Souls
George Wyndham
Guy Wyndham
Mary
11th Earl of Wemyss and March
Charles Adeane
Pamela
Lord Glenconner
Stephen Tennant
Sir Edward Grey
John Singer Sargent
parapsychology
Stainton Moses
London Spiritualist Alliance
Society for Psychical Research
William Eglinton
slate-writing
Brief biography

categories: UK MPs 1880–1885,Members of Wiltshire County Council,Younger sons of barons,1835 births,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,English spiritualists,UK MPs 1865–1868,Parapsychologists,UK MPs 1874–1880,UK MPs 1868–1874,Coldstream Guards officers,Deputy Lieutenants of Sussex,1911 deaths

paragraph: Percy Wyndham (1835–1911)

paragraph: Percy Scawen Wyndham (30 January 1835 – 13 March 1911) was a British soldier, Conservative Party politician, collector and intellectual. He was one of the original members of The Souls, and built Clouds House at East Knoyle, Wiltshire.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: Wyndham was a younger son of George Wyndham, 1st Baron Leconfield, and his wife Mary Fanny Blunt, daughter of the Reverend William Blunt, and was educated at Eton. He served in the Coldstream Guards and achieved the rank of Captain.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: In 1860, Wyndham was returned to Parliament as one of two representatives for Cumberland West (succeeding his uncle Sir Henry Wyndham), a seat he held until 1885. He was also a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Sussex. He owned the Wiltshire manor of Pertwood from 1877 until his death, and he became a member of Wiltshire County Council and was High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1896.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Wyndham married Madeline Caroline Frances Eden Campbell, daughter of Sir Guy Campbell, 1st Baronet, and his wife Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Lord Edward FitzGerald. They were both prominent members of The Souls. They had two sons and three daughters who were also members of The Souls. George Wyndham was a politician and man of letters, while Guy Wyndham was a soldier.

paragraph: Their eldest daughter Mary married the 11th Earl of Wemyss and March, and their second daughter Madeline married Charles Adeane. Their third daughter Pamela married firstly Lord Glenconner and was the mother of among others Stephen Tennant, and secondly Sir Edward Grey. Wyndham commissioned the now-famous painting of his daughters, "", by John Singer Sargent. The trio are the centre of the 2014 book "Those Wild Wyndhams" by Claudia Renton.

paragraph: Percy Wyndham died in March 1911, aged 76. His wife survived him by nine years and died in March 1920.

paragraph: Section::::Spiritualism.

paragraph: Wyndham was a spiritualist who took interest in parapsychology. He was a friend of the medium Stainton Moses and a member of the London Spiritualist Alliance.

paragraph: Wyndham was an early member of the Society for Psychical Research. In 1884, he attended a séance with the medium William Eglinton and was impressed by his slate-writing phenomena. However, Eglinton was exposed as a fraud by other researchers.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brief biography

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Percy Wyndham

wikipedia_title: Percy Wyndham (1835–1911)


text:
railway systems engineer
Chambery
Viry-Chatillon
the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower

categories: 1813 births,French engineers,1859 deaths

paragraph: Camille Polonceau

paragraph: Jean-Barthélémy Camille Polonceau (29 October 1813 – 21 September 1859) was a French railway systems engineer. He was born in Chambery, France, and died in the French commune Viry-Chatillon.

paragraph: In 1839 he invented the Polonceau truss, a method of roof construction considered "one of the most successful roof designs of the nineteenth century".

paragraph: Polonceau's name is one of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower.

description: French railway systems engineer

wikidata_label: Camille Polonceau

wikipedia_title: Camille Polonceau


text: Kingdom of Dublin

text: Kingdom of the Isles

text: Uí Ímair

text: Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin

text: Echmarcach mac Ragnaill

text: King of Dublin

text: family

text: Battle of Glenn Máma

text: Annals of Clonmacnoise

text: Annals of the Four Masters

text: Annals of Ulster

text: Chronicon Scotorum

text: Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin

text: Mann

text: Echmarcach mac Ragnaill

text: Knútr Sveinnsson

text: England

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: Irish Sea

text: Annals of Tigernach

text: Þórfinnr Sigurðarson, Earl of Orkney

text: Isles

text: Haraldr Knútsson, King of England

text: Rathlin Island

text: North Channel

text: Uí Fhíachrach Arda Sratha

text: Armagh

text: Ulaid

text: heir apparent

text: Annals of Inisfallen

text: Niall mac Eochada, King of Ulaid

text: Fine Gall

text: Annals of Loch Cé

text: Gaelic

text: Murchad

text: Gruffudd ap Llywelyn

text: Gwynedd

text: kingship of Gwynedd

text: Cynan

text: son

text: Amlaíb mac Sitriuc

text: Brut y Tywysogyon

text: Annales Cambriæ

text: David Powel

text: counterattack

text: Hywel ab Edwin, King of Deheubarth

text: River Tywi

text: Carmarthen

text: Vikings

text: Book of Llandaff

text: Chronicle of Mann

text: Iceland

text: Islay

text: Ireland

text: Mediaeval French

categories: 1054 deaths,11th-century Irish monarchs,Uí Ímair,Monarchs of Dublin,11th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles

paragraph: Ímar mac Arailt

paragraph: Ímar mac Arailt (died 1054) was an eleventh-century ruler of the Kingdom of Dublin and perhaps the Kingdom of the Isles. He was the son of a man named Aralt, and appears to have been a grandson of Amlaíb Cuarán, King of Northumbria and Dublin. Such a relationship would have meant that Ímar was a member of the Uí Ímair, and that he was a nephew of Amlaíb Cuarán's son, Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin, a man driven from Dublin by Echmarcach mac Ragnaill in 1036.

paragraph: Ímar's reign in Dublin spanned at least eight years, from 1038 to 1046. Although he began by seizing the kingship from Echmarcach in 1038, he eventually lost it to him in 1046. As king, Ímar is recorded to have overseen military operations throughout Ireland, and seems to have actively assisted the family of Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, King of Gwynedd overseas in Wales. After Echmarcach's final expulsion from Dublin 1052, Ímar may well have been reinstalled as King of Dublin by Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó, King of Leinster. Whatever the case, Ímar died in 1054. He may have been an ancestor or close kinsman of Gofraid Crobán, King of Dublin and the Isles, the progenitor of a family that ruled in the Isles until the mid thirteenth century.

paragraph: Section::::Familial background.

paragraph: Ímar was probably the son of Aralt mac Amlaíb, a man whose death at the Battle of Glenn Máma is recorded by the seventeenth-century texts "Annals of Clonmacnoise" and "Annals of the Four Masters", the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century "Annals of Ulster", and the twelfth-century "Chronicon Scotorum". If this identification is correct, Ímar's paternal grandfather would have been Amlaíb Cuarán, King of Northumbria and Dublin, and a paternal uncle of Ímar would have been Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin.

paragraph: Section::::Struggle for Dublin.

paragraph: Ímar's probable uncle, Sitriuc, ruled Dublin for almost fifty years between 989 and 1036. There is reason to suspect that the latter's realm included Mann by the second or third decade of the eleventh century. His reign in Dublin was finally put to an end by Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, who drove Sitriuc from the coastal town and claimed the kingship for himself. Previously, Sitriuc seems to have been closely aligned with Knútr Sveinnsson, ruler of the kingdoms of England, Denmark, and Norway. Knútr's apparent authority in the Irish Sea region, coupled with Sitriuc's seemingly close connections with him, could account for the remarkable security enjoyed by Sitriuc during Knútr's reign. It is possible that Echmarcach had been bound from taking action against Sitriuc whilst Knútr held power, and that the confusion caused by the latter's death in 1035 enabled Echmarcach to exploit the situation and seize control of the Irish Sea region. Although there is no direct evidence that Echmarcach controlled Mann by this date, Sitriuc does not appear to have taken refuge on the island after his expulsion from Dublin. This seems to suggest that the island was outside Sitriuc's possession, and may indicate that Mann had fallen into the hands of Echmarcach sometime before. In fact, it is possible that Echmarcach used the island to launch his takeover of Dublin.

paragraph: Echmarcach's hold on Dublin was short-lived as the fourteenth-century "Annals of Tigernach" records that Ímar replaced him as King of Dublin in 1038. This annal-entry has been interpreted to indicate that Ímar drove Echmarcach from the kingship. There is reason to suspect that Þórfinnr Sigurðarson, Earl of Orkney extended his presence into the Isles and the Irish Sea region at about this period. The evidence of Þórfinnr's power in the Isles could suggest that he possessed an active interest in the ongoing struggle over the Dublin kingship. In fact, Þórfinnr's predatory operations in the Irish Sea region may have contributed to Echmarcach's loss of Dublin in 1038.

paragraph: It is conceivable that Ímar received some form of support from Knútr's son and successor in Britain, Haraldr Knútsson, King of England. The latter was certainly in power when Ímar replaced Echmarcach, and an association between Ímar and Haraldr could explain why the "Annals of Ulster" reports the latter's death two years later. Ímar's reign lasted about eight years, and one of his first royal acts appears to have been the invasion of Rathlin Island within the year. The fact that he proceeded to campaign in the North Channel could indicate that Echmarcach had held power in this region before his acquisition of Mann and Dublin.

paragraph: In 1044, the "Annals of Tigernach" records that Ímar penetrated into the domain of the Uí Fhíachrach Arda Sratha and killed their chief. The annal-entry also indicates that Ímar stormed the church of Armagh, and burned "" (the "Shrine of Patrick") in the attack. The following year, he again invaded Rathlin Island, and his subsequent slaughter of three hundred noblemen of the Ulaid, including a certain heir apparent named Ragnall Ua Eochada, is documented by the "Annals of Clonmacnoise", the "Annals of Inisfallen", the "Annals of Tigernach", and the "Annals of the Four Masters". This remarkable action may indicate that the Dubliners and Ulaid were battling for control of Rathlin Island. If so, it could be evidence that Ímar enjoyed the possession of Mann by this date. The domain of the Ulaid is certainly the closest Irish territory to Mann, and the control of the Manx fleet could account for the Dubliner's ability to challenge the Ulaid. Whatever the case, within the year Niall mac Eochada, King of Ulaid is recorded to have attacked Fine Gall—Dublin's agriculturally-rich northern hinterland—in what may have been a retaliatory raid.

paragraph: The following year, the "Annals of Tigernach" states that Echmarcach succeeded Ímar. The "Annals of the Four Masters" specifies that Ímar was driven from the kingship by Echmarcach, who was then elected king by the Dubliners. After this point in Ímar's life, all that is known for certain is that he died in 1054, as recorded by the "Annals of Ulster" and the sixteenth-century "Annals of Loch Cé". Nevertheless, since these sources style Ímar in Gaelic "rí Gall" ("king of the foreigners"), there may be evidence to suggest that, when Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó, King of Leinster drove Echmarcach from Dublin in 1052, Diarmait reinstalled Ímar as king.

paragraph: After Ímar's death, Diarmait appears to have appointed his own son, Murchad, control of Dublin later that decade, as the "Annals of the Four Masters" accords him the title "tigherna Gall", meaning "lord of the foreigners" in 1059. In 1061, Murchad invaded Mann and seems to have overthrown Echmarcach. The record of Murchad's actions against Echmarcach could indicate that the latter had seated himself on the island after his expulsion from Dublin. Another possibility is that Echmarcach had only reestablished himself as king in the Isles after Ímar's death in 1054. Whatever the case, both Diarmait and Murchad were dead by 1072, and the "Annals of Tigernach" describes Diarmait on his obituary as King of the Isles ("rí Innsi Gall", literally "king of the isles of the foreigners"), a declaration which seems to indicate that, by the eleventh century at least, the kingship of the Isles was contingent upon control of Mann.

paragraph: Section::::Involvement in Wales.

paragraph: The principal Welsh monarch during Ímar's reign was Gruffudd ap Llywelyn. One of the latter's main rivals was Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, King of Gwynedd, a man who had killed Gruffudd's father in 1023, and thenceforth ruled Gwynedd until his own demise in 1039. Gruffudd himself may have been responsible for Iago's slaying, and certainly succeeded to the kingship of Gwynedd after his death. It was likely in the context of Iago's fall and this resulting regime change that the latter's son, Cynan, fled overseas and sought refuge in Dublin.

paragraph: According to the thirteenth-century "Historia Gruffud vab Kenan", the mother of Cynan's son was Ragnailt ingen Amlaíb, a paternal granddaughter of Sitriuc. Further revealed by this source is the fact that this woman's father, Amlaíb mac Sitriuc, built and commanded a Welsh fortress called "Castell Avloed". Although it is unknown how long the Dubliners possessed the fortress, in 1036 another son of Sitriuc was slain in Wales by an apparent kinsman, an event which could be evidence of a struggle for control of the site. Echmarcach's aforesaid expulsion of Sitriuc from Dublin in the same year could in turn indicate that this exiled monarch sought refuge in Wales.

paragraph: Despite the uncertainty of its specific location, Castell Avloed appears to have been situated in territory formerly controlled by Iago, and there is reason to suspect that—after Iago's fall and Cynan's flight—Ímar oversaw military actions against Gruffudd. Three years later, for example, the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century "Brut y Tywysogyon" and the "B" and "C" versions of the eleventh- to thirteenth-century "Annales Cambriæ" report that this Welsh king was captured by forces from Dublin. The episode is further elaborated upon by a sixteenth-century text compiled by David Powell and a seventeenth-century text by compiled by James Ware. According to these admittedly late versions of events, Gruffudd was captured by the Dubliners in the context of them supporting the cause of Cynan. The accounts further state that Gruffudd managed to escape his captors when the Dubliners were counterattacked by Welsh forces before they could return to Ireland. The evidence of Cynan cooperating with the Dubliners against Gruffudd suggests that, not only was Ímar personally involved as king, but that the Welsh fortress of Castell Avloed was still controlled by the Dubliners.

paragraph: Another conflict that could have involved Ímar and the military forces of Dublin was Gruffudd's final defeat of Hywel ab Edwin, King of Deheubarth. According to "Brut y Tywysogyon" and the "B" version of "Annales Cambriæ" this last stand of Hywel took place at the mouth of the River Tywi—perhaps in the vicinity of Carmarthen—and included Vikings from Ireland who supported Hywel's cause. It is apparent that Gruffudd's adversaries generally utilised foreign military support from Ireland's Viking enclaves. Certainly, the twelfth-century "Book of Llandaff" declares that Gruffudd struggled against English, Irish, and Vikings during his career.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestral figure.

paragraph: Ímar may have been the father, uncle, or possibly even the brother of Gofraid Crobán, King of Dublin and the Isles. In 1091, the "Annals of Tigernach" reveals that Gofraid possessed the kingship of Dublin in an annal-entry recording his patronym as "... ". The thirteenth- to fourteenth-century "Chronicle of Mann", on the other hand, gives Gofraid's patronym as "... ". Whilst the former source identifies Gofraid as the son of a man named Aralt (Old Norse ), the latter identifies Gofraid as the paternal grandson of a man so named.

paragraph: In the aforesaid record of the military actions conducted in 1044, Ímar is merely named as the son of Aralt, a fact which could indicate that this was how he was known to his contemporaries. If correct, the patronym preserved by the "Chronicle of Mann" could merely be a garbled form of this style.

paragraph: The patronym given by the "Chronicle of Mann" states that Gofraid's father was from "", a place which could refer to either Iceland, Islay, or Ireland. Other than this passage, there is no evidence hinting of a connection between Gofraid and Iceland. The chronicle elsewhere states that Gofraid died on Islay, although the island's name is rendered "" in this case. If "" instead refers to Ireland, the spelling could be the result of influence from a source originating in England, or a source written in Mediaeval French.

alias:
Imar mac Arailt
Ivar Haraldsson
Ivarr Haraldsson
Ímar mac Arallt
Ívarr Haraldarson
Ívarr Haraldsson
Imar mac Arallt
Ivarr Haraldarson

description: King of Dublin

wikidata_label: Ímar mac Arailt

wikipedia_title: Ímar mac Arailt