text:
Bishop of Asti
Pope Clement VII
Bishop of Asti

categories: 16th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1528 deaths,Bishops appointed by Pope Clement VII

paragraph: Ambrogio Talento

paragraph: Ambrogio Talento (died 1528) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Asti (1528).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: On 23 Mar 1528, Ambrogio Talento was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VII as Bishop of Asti.

paragraph: He served as Bishop of Asti until his death in Aug 1528.

paragraph: Section::::External links and additional sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (for Chronology of Bishops)

description: 16th-century Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Ambrogio Talento

wikipedia_title: Ambrogio Talento


text:
Burundi
Ntare IV Rutaganzwa Rugamba
Germany
Nandabunga
Mutaga IV
Ririkumutima
Picture

categories: 1840 births,Burundian kings,19th-century monarchs in Africa,1908 deaths

paragraph: Mwezi IV of Burundi

paragraph: Mwami Mwezi IV Gisabo Bikata-Bijoga (1840–1908) was the king of Burundi from 1852 to 1908. He was the son of king Ntare IV Rutaganzwa Rugamba.

paragraph: During his reign, Burundi was colonized by Germany. An agreement in 1890 allowed Mwezi to stay as king but recognize German authority. Mwezi also had to face rebellions from two chiefs named Maconco and Birori, who were recognized by the Germans in 1903. This recognition was withdrawn in 1905, however, and the rebellions were extinguished by 1906.

paragraph: His daughter Nandabunga achieved some notoriety as chief of Buyenzi-Bweru. At his death he was succeeded by his son Mutaga IV, for whom the queen mother Ririkumutima served as regent.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Picture

description: King of Burundi

wikidata_label: Mwezi IV Gisabo of Burundi

wikipedia_title: Mwezi IV of Burundi


text:
Spanish
flamenco
Jerez de la Frontera
Cádiz Province
Andalucia
Silverio Franconetti
Seville
Ramón Montoya
Sabicas
Concurso de Cante Jondo
Madrid
Antonio Chacón biography and records

categories: Spanish male singers,People from Jerez de la Frontera,Flamenco singers,19th-century Spanish singers,19th-century male singers,1869 births,1929 deaths,Andalusian singers

paragraph: Antonio Chacón

paragraph: Antonio Chacón (1869–1929) was a Spanish flamenco singer [cantaor].

paragraph: Chacón was born in Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz Province. He began earning a living by performing flamenco around 1884. He toured Andalucia with his two friends, the Molina brothers - dancer Antonio Molina, and guitarist Javier Molina. He was later hired by Silverio Franconetti for his café in Seville. He was noted for his skill in singing the cartagenera, malagueñas, granaína and media granaína, which earned him the popular title of "Don".

paragraph: According to Fernando el de Triana, he was so accomplished that all of the most successful "cantaores" (singers) performing with him renounced their right of seniority and allowed Chacón to perform last, because the audience would simply leave when he finished. Had they not preceded him, they would have been performing to an empty hall.

paragraph: He performed with many of the best performers of his era. The great guitarist Ramón Montoya performed as Chacón's accompanist for over a decade until the early 1920s. Another great guitarist, Sabicas, then accompanied him, early in the latter's career.

paragraph: In 1922 at Granada he participated in the celebrated Concurso de Cante Jondo. Chacón was given the place of honor, presiding over the judges of this flamenco contest. For many the singer Chacón remains "el mejor de todos los tiempos" (the best of all time). He died in Madrid.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonio Chacón biography and records

description: Spanish flamenco singer (1869-1929)

wikidata_label: Antonio Chacón

wikipedia_title: Antonio Chacón


text:
grand vizier
Ottoman Empire
Battle of Mohács (1687)
Turkish
Pljevlja
Montenegro
Bosnia Eyalet
Ahmed Köprülü
master of the horse
Crimean Khanate
pasha
Timișoara
Székesfehérvár
Osijek
Ottoman Army
Hungary
Battle of Buda (1686)
Buda
Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
Székesfehérvár
Donat John Heissler
Guttentag
at Mohács
Belgrade
Mehmed IV
Abaza Siyavuş Pasha
Süleyman II
List of Ottoman Grand Viziers
Battle of Mohács (1687)

categories: Year of birth unknown,17th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire,Ottoman people of the Great Turkish War,17th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire,Executed people of the Ottoman Empire,1687 deaths,People from Prijepolje

paragraph: Sarı Süleyman Pasha

paragraph: Sarı Süleyman Paşa (; died 14 October 1687) was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 18 November 1685 to 18 September 1687. He was executed after the defeat of the Ottoman forces in the Battle of Mohács (1687).

paragraph: In Turkish, his epithet "sarı" means "blond (haired)".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born in Taşlıca (Pljevlja, now Montenegro), in the Bosnia Eyalet.

paragraph: He was the "kdhya" of Grand Vizier Ahmed Köprülü (s. 1661–1676), and later the Sultan's master of the horse.

paragraph: Section::::Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.

paragraph: After Sarı Süleyman Pasha was appointed grand vizier, he immediately began to write desperate letters to the Great Khan of the Crimean Khanate and the pashas of Timișoara, Székesfehérvár and Osijek in order to reorganize and reinforce the battered Ottoman Army in Hungary, struggling during the Battle of Buda (1686). Although Sarı Süleyman Pasha made several attempts to break the blockade around Buda, the city was ultimately captured by Charles V, Duke of Lorraine. Soon afterwards the Ottomans had even lost Székesfehérvár.

paragraph: Süleyman Pasha thereafter commanded his forces to hold what remained of the Ottoman north against their opponents and even sent Mehmet Agha to negotiate peace with Donat John Heissler at Guttentag.

paragraph: After the defeat at Mohács, the Ottoman army started a rebellion against the grand vizier. Süleyman Pasha, fearful that the rebellion would result in his death, escaped from the commanding position, first to Belgrade and then to Constantinople. At the beginning of September 1687, news about his defeat and escape came to Istanbul. After Mehmed IV received this news, he proclaimed Abaza Siyavuş Pasha as the new commander of the armed forces, and, eventually, as the new grand vizier. Soon after this, Süleyman Pasha was apprehended and executed. Two months later, the sultan himself was also removed from power as the result of the defeat in the Battle of Mohács, and was replaced by sultan Süleyman II.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ottoman Grand Viziers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Mohács (1687)

description: Ottoman politician and Grand Vizier

wikidata_label: Sarı Süleyman Pasha

wikipedia_title: Sarı Süleyman Pasha


text: NATO

text: World War II

text: Luftwaffe

text: Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

text: Nazi Germany

text: Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

text: Oberleutnant

text: Commander of the Legion of Honour

text: Commander of the Legion of Merit

categories: Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross,Bundeswehr generals,2005 deaths,1918 births,Recipients of the Gold German Cross,Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur,People from Salzkotten,People from the Province of Westphalia,German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom,Commanders of the Legion of Merit

paragraph: Franz-Joseph Schulze

paragraph: Franz-Joseph Schulze (18 September 1918 – 31 January 2005) was a German general who was the Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe (NATO). During World War II, he served in the Luftwaffe and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 30 November 1944 as "Oberleutnant" and Chef of the 3./Flak-Sturm-Regiment 241

paragraph: BULLET::::- Großes Verdienstkreuz mit Stern und Schulterband des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander of the Legion of Honour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander of the Legion of Merit

description: German general and Knight's Cross recipients

wikidata_label: Franz-Joseph Schulze

wikipedia_title: Franz-Joseph Schulze


text: Brooklyn

text: New York

text: veteran of the Vietnam War

text: poet

text: Vietnam Veterans of America

text: Vietnam Veterans Memorial

text: war memorial

text: Hanoi

text: captain

text: United States Army

text: Vietnam War

text: lung cancer

text: Agent Orange

text: Oregon Death with Dignity Act

text: California State Assembly

text: Ashland, Oregon

text: Washington Post article on death

categories: Writers from Ashland, Oregon,20th-century American poets,1940 births,2005 deaths,United States Army officers,Deaths from cancer in Oregon,American army personnel of the Vietnam War,Poets from Oregon,Deaths from lung cancer

paragraph: Steve Mason (poet)

paragraph: Steve Mason (1940 in Brooklyn, New York – May 25, 2005) was a decorated United States Army captain, combat veteran of the Vietnam War, critically acclaimed poet and the Poet Laureate of the Vietnam Veterans of America.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Mason's poem "The Wall Within" was read at the 1984 dedication of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. and has the distinction of being the only American work of poetry on display at the war memorial in Hanoi. The author of four books, his poetry related to his experiences as a captain in the United States Army during the Vietnam War. His work was hailed by veterans and their families nationwide.

paragraph: Diagnosed with lung cancer as a result of exposure to Agent Orange during the war, he became a participant and active advocate for the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, and spoke at the California State Assembly for a similar law proposed in that state. He died at his home in Ashland, Oregon, at the age of 65. He is survived by four children.

paragraph: "The truth is,`` Mason said, ``that the only message I`ve taken from war is peace.``

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Moths & Violets of Vito & Me: The Story of a Poem"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Johnny's Song"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Warrior for Peace"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Human Being: A Warrior's Journey Toward Peace and Mutual Healing"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington Post article on death

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wall Within", the signature poem of Steve Mason, which he delivered at the dedication of the Vietnam War Memorial

paragraph: BULLET::::- Class Page for the U.S. Army Signal Corps OCS class that Steve Mason graduated from. Shows close friends and fellow graduates of Steve as he trained to become an Army Signal Corps Second Lieutenant. Class picture on this page shows Steve as an OCS Candidate.

description: American poet

wikidata_label: Steve Mason

wikipedia_title: Steve Mason (poet)


text:
Hungarian
soprano
Budapest
opera
Bern
Cologne Opera
Queen of Sheba
La reine de Saba
Gounod
Wagner
Tristan
Cologne
recital
Karlsruhe
Düsseldorf
Bremen
Dresden
Semperoper
Salome
Wilde
Ellmann's
Leipzig Opera
Vienna State Opera
Berlin State Opera
Isidore de Lara
Messaline
Cologne
Frankfurt am Main
Bremen
National Theatre Munich
Salome
Fidelio
Rienzi
Tannhäuser
Max von Schillings
Elektra (opera)
Richard Strauss
Le prophète
Cavalleria Rusticana
A basso porto
Niccola Spinelli
Munich
Munich
Germany
Alice Guszalewicz article in German
The Importance of Not Being Salome

categories: 20th-century opera singers,Hungarian operatic sopranos,1940 deaths,Musicians from Budapest,1879 births

paragraph: Alice Guszalewicz

paragraph: Alice Guszalewicz (September 21, 1879 – October 26, 1940) was a Hungarian dramatic soprano.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Guszalewicz was born in Budapest, and in 1896, at the age of seventeen, married opera singer Eugen Guszalewicz. She studied with her husband and made her debut in 1903 at the Theater of Bern, in Switzerland. In 1905, she sang at the Cologne Opera as the Queen of Sheba in "La reine de Saba" by Gounod, and as Isolde in Wagner's masterpiece. Shortly after her role in "Tristan", she was offered a six-year contract to sing in Cologne.

paragraph: Guszalewicz continued to sing in Cologne until 1916 and toured throughout Europe. She also sang in several operas and gave recitals in Karlsruhe (1906), Düsseldorf (1907), Bremen (1908) and Dresden (1908). In Dresden at the Semperoper, she performed the title role in "Salome" for the first time. Her interpretation of Salome caused a sensation.

paragraph: For many years, however, a picture of her performance was thought to in fact show the play's author, Wilde in women's drag. The picture was even reproduced in Richard Ellmann's biography of him. It was not until Wilde's son Merlin Holland corrected scholars in 1994 that the picture in fact showed Guszalewicz. This correction undermined readings of Wilde as a cross-dresser.

paragraph: She performed at the Leipzig Opera (1908), at the Vienna State Opera (1910 in the role of Salome), at the Berlin State Opera (1911 as Brünnhilde and as Isolde), as well as in Brussels, Paris and Madrid. In 1905, she sang the lead role in Isidore de Lara's opera "Messaline" in Cologne, which was a great success for her. The opera had 27 performances.

paragraph: Guszalewicz gave concerts at the opera in Frankfurt am Main (1907), at the Stadttheater of Bremen (1908) and at the National Theatre Munich (1910 as Salome). Her repertoire included the roles of Leonore in "Fidelio", Adriano in "Rienzi", Venus in "Tannhäuser", the title role of "Ingwelde" in Max von Schillings' opera, "Elektra (opera)" in the opera of Richard Strauss, Berthe in "Le prophète" by Meyerbeer, Santuzza in "Cavalleria Rusticana", the title role in Mascagni's "Amica", and Maria in "A basso porto" by Niccola Spinelli.

paragraph: After ending her career, she worked as a teacher in Munich. Her daughter Genia Guszalewicz (1902–71) became one of her students, and she followed her mother into a career as an opera singer.

paragraph: Alice Guszalewicz died at the age of 61 in Munich, Germany.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alice Guszalewicz article in German

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Importance of Not Being Salome

description: singer

wikidata_label: Alice Guszalewicz

wikipedia_title: Alice Guszalewicz


text: Switzerland

text: Bern, Switzerland

text: Barranquilla, Colombia

text: Wilbraham and Monson Academy

text: Massachusetts

text: Carnegie Mellon School of Architecture

text: Pittsburgh

text: Fontainebleau, France

text: Harvard University Graduate School of Design

text: Art Students League of New York

text: London

text: Copenhagen

text: Stockholm

text: Helsinki

text: St. Petersburg

text: Amsterdam

text: Brussels

text: Paris

text: Madrid

text: Sevilla

text: Minneapolis

text: University of Minnesota

text: “Hard-edge”

text: Colour Black

text: Caribbean: Art at the Crossroads of the World

text: Abstractions: Obras – Works – Werke 1962 – 2002

text: Website of Mario Volpe

text: ART-Nachlassstiftung

text: Colombian Embassy in Bern

text: Swissinfo

text: ColArte

categories: 2013 deaths,University of Minnesota faculty,Colombian expatriates in Switzerland,Colombian painters,Colombian artists,Abstract painters,1936 births

paragraph: Mario Volpe

paragraph: Mario Aldo Volpe (1936 - 2013 ) was a Colombian artist who lived in Switzerland for more than forty years. His artistic work spanned half a century and included around 3,000 abstract works on paper, board and canvas, mostly acrylic, ink, enamel and oil paintings as well as crayon, pencil and coloured pencil drawings.

paragraph: Volpe’s work is marked by geometric and linear elements, organic shapes, lively colours and the extensive use of black. His most significant influences can be found in the New York School of painting of the fifties and sixties, his architecture studies, and his roots in Colombia’s Caribbean.

paragraph: Volpe’s estate is managed by the “ART-Nachlassstiftung” in Bern, Switzerland.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Volpe was born in Barranquilla, Colombia, on October 19, 1936, as a son of Italian immigrants. As a 12-year-old he made his first trips to New York and Italy. After completing his school years in Barranquilla, he moved to the United States at the age of 19 to study English and prepare for college at the Wilbraham Academy (now Wilbraham and Monson Academy) in Massachusetts.

paragraph: At the age of 20, Volpe made his first direct encounter with contemporary art, at the Venice Biennale in 1956. That year, he took up his studies in architecture at the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon School of Architecture) in Pittsburgh. After completing his architecture diploma in 1961, a scholarship from the Carnegie Institute allowed him to spend a summer at the American Academy in Fontainebleau, France, where he started to experiment with abstract drawing and became acquainted with painters and sculptors.

paragraph: Volpe was accepted into the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, where he completed a year of the Masters class in architecture. In 1962, however, he decided to leave Harvard in order to fully devote himself to painting. He enrolled in the Art Students League of New York where he attended free classes for two years.

paragraph: In 1964, a travel scholarship from the Art Students League took him on a study trip through Europe (London, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Helsinki, St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, Brussels, Paris, Madrid and Sevilla). After a year in Rome, where he met his wife, Brigit Scherz, Volpe moved back to the United States, to take up a position as Assistant Professor in the Studio Arts Department of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.

paragraph: After five years of teaching at the University of Minnesota, Volpe moved back to Europe in 1970. He spent a year living and working in Turin, Italy, and then moved to Bern, Switzerland, in 1972, where he got married to Brigit Scherz in 1973. Their two children, Martina and Philippe, were born in 1974 and 1975. Volpe lived and worked in Bern until his death on 21 August 2013, at the age of 76.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: “If we look at the trajectory which Volpe has accomplished in the fifty years of artistic work, we will observe an absolutely logical and coherent development."

paragraph: “His pictorial motifs stem from the fortunate meeting or collision of a temperament of Caribbean ancestry with the purism of a researcher trained at a New York art college who has absorbed the great lessons of European art.”

paragraph: “The canvases and the drawings of Mario Volpe powerfully evoke a destiny where diverse influences have made their mark. Whether in black or in colour, they communicate a rigorous exuberance, a fantastical Latin imagination reined in with the lasso."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 – 1961: Architectural drawings

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: First ink paintings on paper

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 – 1969: Abstract-expressionist oils on canvas, board and paper

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 – 1980: “Hard-edge” paintings, with predominantly geometrical emphasis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 – 1974: Coloured pencil drawings on board

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 – 1980: Vertical drawings

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 – 1981: Posters and announcements

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 – 1993: Acrylic paintings on canvas, board and paper

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 – 1998: “T- Pictures”, combining a horizontal and a vertical format to form a “T” shape

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 – 2002: “Triptychs”, works featuring three interconnected sections

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 – 2008: Linear ornamental works

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 – 2013: Last works

paragraph: Section::::Curriculum vitae.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936: Born in Barranquilla, Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943 – 1954: Colegio Biffi La Salle, Barranquilla, Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955: Wilbraham Academy, Wilbraham, Massachusetts, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 – 1961: Diploma in Architecture, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961: Scholarship, American Academy at Fontainebleau, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 – 1964: Painting studies, class of Sidney Gross, The Art Students League of New York, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: McDowell Scholarship for one year of studies in Europe (Rome, Italy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 – 1970: Teaching at the University of Minnesota, Studio Arts Department, Minneapolis, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971: One year’s stay in Turin, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 – 2013: Life and work in Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Solo exhibitions:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966: Art Students League of New York, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968: University Gallery Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Minnetonka Art Center, Orono, Minnesota, USA; Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969: Rochester Art Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970: Hamline University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; North Hennepin Jr. College, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: Galerie Bettina Katzenstein, Zurich, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: Galerie Art Shop, Basel, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979: Berner Galerie, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980: Loeb Galerie, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: Galerie Centrale, Hermance, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982: Galerie Van Loo, Brussels; Galerie 42, Antwerpen, Belgium; Galleria Napoletana delle Arti, Naples, Italy; Musée Cantonal des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: Galeria Amics, Alicante, Spain; Knoll International, Napoli, Italy; Centrum Galerie, Basel, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: Galleria Paesi Nuovi, Rome, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: Hannah Feldmann Galerie, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: Centrum Galerie, Basel, Switzerland; Salόn Cultural de Avianca, Barranquilla, Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987: Galerie DeI Mese-Fischer, Meisterschwanden, Switzerland; Museo de Arte Moderno, Cartagena, Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: Galerie Susanne Kulli, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: Salon Parterre, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 : Galeria Elida Lara, Barranquilla, Colombia; Galerie Susanne Kulli, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994; Galerie Susanne Kulli, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: Galerie Susanne Kulli, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: Galeria de la Aduana, Barranquilla, Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: ATAG, Ernst and Young, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: Universidad deI Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia; Kunstreich AG, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Galerie Wandelbar, Gstaad, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: Tennis Club Daehlhoelzli, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Johannes Church, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016-17: Zetcom AG, Bern, Switzerland

paragraph: In addition, Volpe participated in around 60 group exhibitions, including at the Art Students League in New York, Art Expo in New York, Art Basel, Expo 2000 in Hanover, and various shows in Colombia and Switzerland.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mario Volpe, with contributions by Christian Campiche, Viana Conti, Alvaro Medina: "Colour Black". Till Schaap Edition, Bern, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deborah Cullen and Elvis Fuentes: "Caribbean: Art at the Crossroads of the World". Yale University Press, November 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mario Volpe, with contributions by Oswaldo Benavides C., Viana Conti: "Abstractions: Obras – Works – Werke 1962 – 2002". Mueller Marketing und Druck AG, Gstaad, 2003

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website of Mario Volpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- ART-Nachlassstiftung – Estate of Mario Volpe (in German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colombian Embassy in Bern: Obituary (in Spanish)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swissinfo – Colombian painters in Switzerland (in Spanish)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ColArte – Virtual Library of Art in Colombia (in Spanish)

wikidata_label: Mario Volpe

wikipedia_title: Mario Volpe


text:
Byzantine
Michael VII
Maria of Alania
Nikephoros III Botaneiates
Olympias
Robert Guiscard
Byzantine Empire
John Doukas
Alexios I Komnenos
John II Komnenos
Michael VII
Maria of Alania
porphyrogennetos
Olympias
Robert Guiscard
Monastery of Petrion
Nikephoros III Botaneiates
John Doukas
launched an invasion
Byzantine Empire
pretext
Alexios I Komnenos
Seljuk
Nikephoros Melissenos
Anna Komnene
John II Komnenos
Irene Doukaina
Holy Crown of Hungary
Géza I of Hungary
Konstantios Doukas

categories: 1070s births,11th-century Byzantine emperors,Porphyrogennetoi,1090s deaths,Doukid dynasty

paragraph: Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)

paragraph: Constantine Doukas or Ducas (, "Kōnstantinos Doukas"), (late 1074 – 1095) was Byzantine junior emperor from 1074–1078, and again from 1081–1087. He was born to Emperor Michael VII and Empress Maria of Alania in late 1074, and elevated to junior emperor in the same year. He was junior emperor until 1078, when Michael VII was replaced by Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Because Constantine was not made junior emperor under Nikephoros III, his betrothal to Olympias, the daughter of Robert Guiscard, was broken, which Robert Guiscard used as a pretext to invade the Byzantine Empire. John Doukas forced Nikephoros to abdicate to Alexios I Komnenos in 1081, and shortly after Alexios elevated Constantine to junior emperor under himself. Constantine remained junior emperor until 1087, when Alexios had a son, John II Komnenos. Constantine died in 1095.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Constantine Doukas was born in late 1074 to Byzantine Emperor Michael VII and his wife Maria of Alania, as a porphyrogennetos, meaning he was born during his father's reign. Constantine was elevated to junior emperor in 1074 by Michael VII. Shortly after his birth, in August 1074, Constantine was betrothed to Olympias, the daughter of Robert Guiscard, the Norman Duke of Sicily. This arrangement was cancelled after Michael abdicated in 1078, whereupon Maria and Constantine retired to the Monastery of Petrion. Maria married Nikephoros III Botaneiates, who seized power after Michael's abdication, at the urging of Michael's uncle John Doukas, but was unable to convince him to elevate Constantine to junior emperor, thereby breaking the betrothal. Robert Guiscard therefore launched an invasion of the Byzantine Empire, using the broken betrothal as a pretext.

paragraph: In order to combat this invasion, Alexios I Komnenos was given a large force to repel the Norman army led by Guiscard. John Doukas, who had previously urged Nikephoros to seize power, conspired against Nikephoros, intending to overthrow him and replace him with Alexios. Nikephoros, unable to form an alliance with either the Seljuks or Nikephoros Melissenos, was forced to abdicate to Alexios in 1081. After Alexios ascended the throne in 1081, he elevated Constantine to junior emperor, and betrothed his daughter Anna Komnene to him in 1083, shortly after her birth. However, he was replaced as junior emperor and imperial heir by John II Komnenos, in 1087, shortly after his birth to Alexios and Irene Doukaina. Constantine died in 1095.

paragraph: Section::::In media.

paragraph: Constantine Doukas is thought to be engraved on the Holy Crown of Hungary, which was given to Hungarian King Géza I of Hungary by Constantine's father Michael VII, depicted alongside King Geza I and Michael VII; although the figure may actually be Konstantios Doukas.

description: Byzantine co-emperor

wikidata_label: Constantine Doukas

wikipedia_title: Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)


text:
Adwell
Gloucester
Henley-on-Thames
Dorchester Abbey
Recorder
Oxford
John Marmion
Cricklade

categories: 1461 births,1529 deaths,People from Gloucestershire,People from South Oxfordshire District,15th-century English MPs,History of Gloucestershire

paragraph: William Marmion (Gloucs MP 1491)

paragraph: William Marmion (1461–1529) of Adwell was a Member of Parliament for Gloucester.

paragraph: Section::::Career and Life.

paragraph: He was the son of William Marmion of Henley-on-Thames, Steward of Dorchester Abbey and Recorder of Oxford.

paragraph: William was summoned to Parliament on 17 October 1491.

paragraph: He was the grandfather of John Marmion MP for Cricklade in 1558.

wikidata_label: William Marmion

wikipedia_title: William Marmion (Gloucs MP 1491)


text:
Idris I
Idrisid dynasty
Morocco
Volubilis
Kenza
Berber
Volubilis
Rom Landau
Islam
Ibn Sina
Avicenna
Quran
Ibn al-Abbar
Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab
Fez
Morocco
Aïssa
Volubilis
Zawiyya Moulay Idris
Fez
Abd al-Haqq II
Fez

categories: 9th-century Moroccan people,Moroccan letter writers,9th-century monarchs in Africa,9th-century Muslims,Idrisid dynasty,Moroccan people of Arab descent,9th-century Moroccan writers,Sultans of Morocco,Moroccan Shia Muslims,Zaidiyyah,828 deaths,Moroccan Zaydis,People from Fez, Morocco,9th-century Arabs,Zaidi imams,Arab kings,Medieval child rulers,791 births,Moroccan writers,People from Volubilis,8th-century Moroccan people

image: 512px-تخطيط_لإسم_إدريس_الثاني.png

paragraph: Idris II of Morocco

paragraph: Idris Al-Azhar Ben Idris Ben Abdellah Al-Kamel () known as Idris II (791-828), () was the son of Idris I, the founder of the Idrisid dynasty in Morocco. He was born in Volubilis two months after the death of his father.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Idris II was born two months after the death of Idris I. His mother Kenza, the wife of Idris I was the daughter of the chief of the Berber Awarba tribe. Idris II, having never met his father, was raised among the Berbers of Volubilis and had a remarkable career.

paragraph: Idriss II was said to be an astounding learner. The historian Rom Landau, says: "In the lore of the Moroccans, Idris II was a being of almost magical attributes. An exceptional young man he certainly must have been. At many points we are reminded of one of the greatest sages of Islam, Ibn Sina or Avicenna. At the age of four, Idris apparently could read, at five write, at eight he knew the Quran by heart, and by then is said to have mastered the wisdom of all the outstanding savants. He was of real physical strength as well, and when he became officially sovereign in 805 at the age of thirteen, he had already accomplished feats of endurance that men twice his age could not emulate. His profound Islamic faith enhanced all these advantages and increased the veneration accorded him."

paragraph: Of the Idrisid sultans Idris II was one of the best educated. In the work of Ibn al-Abbar correspondence between Idris II and his contemporary Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab is quoted in which he invites him to renounce his claims to his territories.

paragraph: Twenty years after his father had done so, Idris II refounded the city Fez on the left bank of the River Fez, opposite to where his father had founded it on the right bank. From there, Idris II began to unify Morocco under Islam, establishing its firm allegiance to the belief. After spending 19 years pursuing such purposes, Idris II died at 35 in 828. For twelve hundred years after, the tradition of monarchy, established by Idris I and II, were continued. Idris II, who married a descendant of Suleyman the sultan of Tlemcen (a brother of Idriss I) was the father of twelve sons: Muhammed, Abdullah, Aïssa, Idriss, Ahmed, Jaâfar, Yahia, Qassim, Omar, Ali, Daoud and Hamza.

paragraph: Idris II died in Volubilis in 828. His grave is contained in the Zawiyya Moulay Idris in Fez. It was rediscovered under Abd al-Haqq II (1420–1465) in 1437, became an important place of pilgrimage in the 15th century. It is, up till the present, considered the holiest place of Fez.

description: king

wikidata_label: Idris II

wikipedia_title: Idris II of Morocco


text: Eastern Han dynasty

text: Emperor Xian

text: Emperor Huan

text: Confucian

text: Fu Sheng

text: Dong Zhuo

text: Chang'an

text: Li Jue

text: Guo Si

text: Luoyang

text: Cao Cao

text: Xuchang

text: Henan

text: Dong Cheng

text: Hua Xin

text: Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

text: Chen, Shou

text: Records of the Three Kingdoms

text: Fan, Ye

text: Book of the Later Han

text: Pei, Songzhi

categories: Executed Han dynasty people,2nd-century births,2nd-century women,Han dynasty empresses,Han dynasty imperials related to the Three Kingdoms,3rd-century women,3rd-century executions,Murdered royalty,214 deaths,People executed by the Han dynasty

paragraph: Fu Shou

paragraph: Fu Shou (died 214) was an empress of the Eastern Han dynasty of China. She was the first wife of Emperor Xian, the last Han emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Family background and marriage to Emperor Xian.

paragraph: Fu Shou's father was Fu Wan (伏完), a seventh generation descendant of the early Eastern Han official Fu Zhan (伏湛) and the hereditary Marquis of Buqi. Fu Wan's wife was Princess Yang'an (陽安公主), a daughter of Emperor Huan), but she was not Fu Shou's biological mother as Fu Shou's mother was named Ying (盈). Fu Wan also had a wife with the family name Fan (樊), but it is not clear whether she was Ying. The Fu family descended from the prominent Confucian scholar Fu Sheng.

paragraph: In 190, as Emperor Xian was being forced by Dong Zhuo to move the capital west to Chang'an, Lady Fu became an imperial consort. In 195, while Emperor Xian was largely under the control of Dong Zhuo's subordinates Li Jue and Guo Si, he designated Fu Wan as his empress consort.

paragraph: Section::::As empress.

paragraph: As Emperor Xian continued his reign of being constantly under the control of one warlord or another, he and Empress Fu were apparently in a loving relationship, but both saw their power increasingly becoming minimal. Later in 195, during Emperor Xian's flight back to the old capital Luoyang, Empress Fu was carrying silk, which were seized by soldiers ostensibly protecting her – such that even her own personal bodyguards were killed, and their blood spilt on her. When they returned to Luoyang, the imperial court was poorly supplied and while there is no record indicating that Empress Fu personally was under threat of starvation, a number of imperial officials died of hunger or were killed by robbers. Materially, the imperial court became much better supplied once the warlord Cao Cao arrived in 196 and took Emperor Xian and the imperial court under control. Cao Cao relocated the imperial capital to his headquarters in Xu County (present-day Xuchang, Henan).

paragraph: Empress Fu was apparently not happy about Cao Cao's domination over the imperial court and central government. In 200, Emperor Xian's concubine, Consort Dong, was forcibly executed by Cao Cao against the emperor's wishes after her father Dong Cheng was found guilty of masterminding a conspiracy to assassinate Cao Cao. After Consort Dong's death, Empress Fu became angry and fearful, so she wrote her father Fu Wan a letter accusing Cao Cao of cruelty and implicitly asking him to come up with a plan to eliminate Cao Cao. Fu Wan was fearful and did not act on the letter, but Empress Fu's letter was discovered in 214. Cao Cao was so angry that he forced Emperor Xian to depose Empress Fu. When Emperor Xian was reluctant to do so, Cao Cao sent Hua Xin and close aides into the imperial palace to capture the empress. Empress Fu tried to hide behind a wall, but Cao Cao's men found her and dragged her out. As she was being taken away, she cried out to Emperor Xian to save her, but his only response was that he had no idea what would happen to him. She was incarcerated and presumably killed along with her two sons and the rest of the Fu family, with her mother Ying exiled.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fan, Ye (5th century). "Book of the Later Han" ("Houhanshu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). "Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi zhu").

description: Chinese empress

wikidata_label: Empress Fu Shou

wikipedia_title: Fu Shou


text:
Houston, Texas
crossover thrash
D.R.I.
D.R.I.
Spike Cassidy
first album
Dealing with It!
hardcore punk
crossover thrash
Crossover
4 of a Kind
Thrash Zone
Definition
Full Speed Ahead
But Wait...There's More!
Dave Grohl
Probot

categories: American male singers,1961 births,American heavy metal singers

paragraph: Kurt Brecht

paragraph: Kurt Preston Brecht (born August 24, 1961 in Houston, Texas) is an American vocalist and author, best known for his work as vocalist of crossover thrash band D.R.I. (Dirty Rotten Imbeciles).

paragraph: He is also in a thrash band called Pasadena Napalm Division (P.N.D.)

paragraph: Section::::D.R.I..

paragraph: Brecht formed D.R.I. in 1982 when he was 21 years old, along with his brother Eric on drums, Spike Cassidy on guitar and Dennis Johnson on bass. After releasing their first album in 1983, D.R.I. experienced its first lineup change, with Eric and Dennis Johnson leaving the band in 1984. Since then, D.R.I. would go through many lineup changes, although Brecht has remained constant as the vocalist alongside guitarist Spike Cassidy who also has been a permanent member. With the release of the highly regarded but commercially unsuccessful 1985 album "Dealing with It!", D.R.I. abandoned the hardcore punk style of their first album for a crossover thrash style, which would continue on their next four albums, "Crossover" (1987), "4 of a Kind" (1988), their breakthrough "Thrash Zone" (1989), and "Definition" (1992). After weak sales of their last studio album date, "Full Speed Ahead" (1995), D.R.I. had decided they would no longer record any new music. Since then, the band has continued touring almost constantly for years, and until 2016's "But Wait...There's More!", they had not released any new material.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: Brecht has published four books: "Notes From The Nest," "The 30-Day Diarrhea Diet Plan," "See The Loud Feeling," and "Whore Stories."

paragraph: Section::::Other.

paragraph: Other than working with D.R.I., Brecht did guest vocals on "Silent Spring" by Dave Grohl's side project dubbed Probot.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.myspace.com/pasadenanapalmdivision

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Kurt Brecht

wikipedia_title: Kurt Brecht


text:
Bulgarian
Skopje
uprising
Byzantine rule
Tsar
Kavkhan
Prince of Zeta
Michael
Constantine Bodin
Cometopuli
Prizren
Skopje
Theme of Bulgaria
Naissus
Michael Saronites
Constantinople
Voyteh Point
Livingston Island
South Shetland Islands
Antarctica
Vasil Zlatarski

categories: Bulgarian people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars,11th-century Bulgarian people,11th-century births,Medieval Bulgarian military personnel,1072 deaths,Medieval Bulgarian nobility,People from Skopje

paragraph: Georgi Voyteh

paragraph: Georgi Voyteh () was an 11th-century Bulgarian aristocrat from Skopje who started a major uprising against the Byzantine rule.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: In 1071 Georgi Voyteh led the Bulgarian people, discontent with the Byzantine rule, in an uprising. According to the Bulgarian tradition, only a descendant of the royal family could be crowned for Tsar. As Voyteh, albeit coming from a Kavkhan family, was not from the royal family, the conspirators turned to the Prince of Zeta Michael and asked him to send his son Constantine Bodin to receive the crown. Bodin was descended from the Cometopuli on his mother's side.

paragraph: In 1072 in Prizren Bodin was crowned "Tsar of Bulgaria" under the name Peter III. The rebels took Skopje, the capital of the Theme of Bulgaria, where Georgi Voyteh remained as a commander while Bodin marched to Naissus. The Emperor managed to seize the town, but, in the meantime, Skopje was besieged by a large Byzantine army. Voyteh, who thought that he was unprepared to face a long siege or that he wouldn't receive help from Bodin, opened negotiations with the Byzantine general Michael Saronites and finally surrendered. He repented later of this act of cowardice and sent a secret message to Constantine Bodin suggesting that he should strike at Skopje while the Byzantines were unprepared for it. The Bulgarian Emperor headed to Skopje, but was ambushed and defeated marking the end of the uprising.

paragraph: Georgi Voyteh died during his transportation to Constantinople in the same year.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Voyteh Point on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Georgi Voyteh.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- „История на българската държава през средните векове. Том II. България под византийско владичество (1018—1187)“ - Vasil Zlatarski (I изд. София 1934; II фототипно изд., Наука и изкуство, София 1972, под ред. на Димитър Ангелов)

description: Bulgarian aristocrat

wikidata_label: Georgi Voyteh

wikipedia_title: Georgi Voyteh


text: Dresden

text: Poland

text: House of Wettin

text: Dresden Academy of Fine Arts

text: Kew

text: Grand Trianon

text: Schönbrunn Palace

text: Izabela Lubomirska

text: Michał Jerzy Mniszech

text: Warsaw

text: Stanisław August Poniatowski

text: Domenico Merlini

text: Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer

text: Łazienki Park

text: large estate

text: nursery

text: aristocratic families

text: Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning

text: Royal Baths Park

text: World War II

text: Nazi German

text: Gestapo

text: Warsaw Uprising

text: Mausoleum of Struggle and Martyrdom

text: List of Poles

text: Polski Słownik Biograficzny

text: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe

categories: Polish architects,Polish people of German descent,Date of birth missing,Polish Lutherans,1752 births,1813 deaths

paragraph: Johann Christian Schuch

paragraph: Johann Christian Schuch (or Jan Chrystian Szuch; 1752 – 28 June 1813) was a Dresden-born garden designer and architect, active in Poland.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Schuch learned gardening from his father, a House of Wettin court gardener. Later he studied painting and civil engineering at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, and to complete his education he traveled extensively, visiting gardens at Kew, the Grand Trianon and the Schönbrunn Palace.

paragraph: In 1775 Schuch came to Poland, where he worked for Princess Izabela Lubomirska and Count Michał Jerzy Mniszech. From 1781 he was superintendent of royal gardens at the Warsaw court of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, for whom he, together with Domenico Merlini and Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer, redesigned Łazienki Park. The King gave him a large estate bordering Łazienki Park, thus securing his prosperity. There Schuch established Poland's first fruit-tree nursery, experimenting with novel methods of protecting the trees from excessive sun and frost, until the abnormally harsh winter of 1802–3 caused a substantial financial loss.

paragraph: After the king's abdication in 1795, Schuch worked for many Polish aristocratic families.

paragraph: In 1811 he became a member of the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning, before which he presented a number of papers on diverse subjects.

paragraph: He married Ludwika Wolska, and they had many children. Only one son, Adolf Grzegorz, is known by name.

paragraph: Schuch died in Warsaw and is buried there in the Evangelical Cemetery of the Augsburg Confession in Warsaw.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: After his death, his name was given to "Aleja Szucha" (Szuch Avenue), west of the Royal Baths Park, where his estate was once located. Here, at no. 25, in 1939–45, during World War II, were the infamous headquarters of Nazi German security services for the Warsaw district. The building's basement housed a Gestapo jail where Polish resistance fighters were tortured and killed. During the Warsaw Uprising of August – October 1944, mass executions of Poles took place here. The site is now preserved as a museum, known as the Mausoleum of Struggle and Martyrdom.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Poles

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polski Słownik Biograficzny", vol. 36, 1995-6, Warsaw, Kraków, pp. 16–17.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encyklopedia powszechna PWN", vol. 4, Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1976.

description: Dresden-born architect

wikidata_label: Johann Christian Schuch

wikipedia_title: Johann Christian Schuch


text:
engraver
Dheulland
Babel
Nicolas Edelinck
Balechou
Cochin
La Fontaine
Fermiers-Généraux
Ovid
Metamorphoses
Saint-Lambert
Imbert
Desormeaux
Saint-Non
Baudouin
Portalis
Béraldi

categories: 19th-century engravers,Artists from Paris,1809 deaths,French draughtsmen,1731 births,18th-century engravers

paragraph: Pierre-Philippe Choffard

paragraph: Pierre-Philippe Choffard (19 March 1731 – 7 March 1809) was a French draughtsman and engraver.

paragraph: Choffard was born in Paris in 1731. While still very young he showed great aptitude for drawing flowers and ornaments, and was placed with an engraver of maps named Dheulland, but he afterwards received lessons from Babel, an engraver of ornaments, and is said to have had also the benefit of the advice of Nicolas Edelinck, Balechou, and Cochin. Commencing with the cartouches of maps, which date from 1753 to 1756, he next engraved invitation and address cards and book-plates, and these drew attention to his abilities and secured for him the commission to execute the tail-pieces for the celebrated edition of the 'Contes' of La Fontaine published by the Fermiers-Généraux in 1762. The fertility of invention and the taste displayed by the artist in these gems of art are known and admired by all. The series ends with his own portrait in profile as the tail-piece of 'Le Rossignol.'

paragraph: To these succeeded, among a host of minor pieces, the large ornaments placed at the head of each book of the Ovid's 'Metamorphoses' of 1767-1771, the headpieces to Saint-Lambert' s poem, 'Les Saisons,' issued in 1769, and again with some alterations in 1775, those to Imbert's poem, 'Le Jugement de Paris,' 1772, and the tail-pieces to Desormeaux's 'Histoire de la Maison de Bourbon,' published in the years 1779-1788. All these combined to establish his reputation as a designer of ornament without a rival. Besides these, the ornamental pieces which he executed for the 'Voyage pittoresque de Naples et de Sicile' of Saint-Non, published in 1781, and the plates of 'Les Amants surpris,' 'Les Amours

paragraph: champêtres,' and 'Marchez tout doux, parlez tout bas,' after Baudouin, and a view of Narbonne, after Monnet, must be ranked among his best works.

paragraph: Choffard wrote in 1804 a 'Notice historique sur l'art de la Gravure,' and was about to undertake a more extensive work when he was struck down by death at Paris in 1809. MM. Portalis and Béraldi give in their 'Graveurs du Dix-huitieme Siècle' a detailed catalogue of his engravings, which number 855.

alias:
Pierre Philippe Choffard
P.P. Choffard
M. Choffard
Choffard

description: French artist

wikidata_label: Pierre-Philippe Choffard

wikipedia_title: Pierre-Philippe Choffard


text:
Major League Baseball
pitcher
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Seattle Mariners
Detroit Tigers
University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh
redshirted
won
NCAA
Wesleyan University
earned run average
California Angels
1995 Major League Baseball Draft
Boise Hawks
Cedar Rapids Kernels
Lake Elsinore
Midland
Vancouver
Edmonton
ERA
lost
American League
Cy Young Award
World Series championship
American League Division Series
New York Yankees
American League Championship Series
Minnesota Twins
earned run
World Series
San Francisco Giants
wild card
run support
free agent
Safeco Field
perfect game
Edwin Jackson
Matt Garza
Scott Feldman
Detroit Tigers
Luke French
Mauricio Robles
Dave Dombrowski
earned run average
Minnesota Twins
Webster, Wisconsin
alma mater

categories: Edmonton Trappers players,Salt Lake Stingers players,Sportspeople from La Crosse, Wisconsin,Cedar Rapids Kernels players,Boise Hawks players,Detroit Tigers players,Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players,Lake Elsinore Storm players,Midland Angels players,Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players,Wisconsin–Oshkosh Titans baseball players,People from Burnett County, Wisconsin,Seattle Mariners players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Baseball players from Wisconsin,Vancouver Canadians players,Anaheim Angels players,1974 births

paragraph: Jarrod Washburn

paragraph: Jarrod Michael Washburn (born August 13, 1974) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher. He played for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Seattle Mariners, and Detroit Tigers over the course of a 12–year MLB career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:High school / college.

paragraph: Jarrod Washburn graduated from Webster High School, in Webster, in 1992. Washburn attended the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh, he redshirted his freshman year. In his freshman season, he won the championship game of the 1994 NCAA Division III World Series, against Wesleyan University (Connecticut). Washburn pitched eight strikeouts in a 6-2 complete game victory. That season he had a 6-1 record, a 2.03 earned run average (ERA) before being named to the NCAA Division III All-Midwest Region second team. In his 1995 sophomore season, he compiled a 9-1 record, 1.93 ERA. In 1996 (after leaving UW-O in 1995). In 2010, he was inducted in the college's sports Titan Hall of Fame. Washburn was named to the NCAA Division III All-Midwest Region first team.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Anaheim/Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

paragraph: Washburn was drafted by the California Angels in the second round of the 1995 Major League Baseball Draft as the 31st overall pick. Washburn began his professional career pitching for the Low Single-A Boise Hawks and Cedar Rapids Kernels in 1995. In 1996, he began pitching for High Single-A Lake Elsinore, was promoted mid-season to Double-A Midland, and promoted late-season to Triple-A Vancouver. Washburn began 1997 back in Double-A and was playing for Triple-A Vancouver in 1998 when he was called up and made his major league debut on June 2. He finished 6-3 in 11 starts.

paragraph: After dividing his time between the Angels and Triple-A Edmonton in 1999, going 4-5 with a 5.25 ERA in 16 games. In 2000, Washburn once again split time between Triple A and the Angels, going 7-2 in 14 starts.

paragraph: Washburn was called up for good in 2001; he started 30 games and went 11-10 with an ERA of 3.77 establishing himself as a major league starter.

paragraph: Washburn's career year was , when he won 18 games and lost 6 with an excellent ERA of 3.15, finishing 4th in American League Cy Young Award voting, and helped the Angels to a World Series championship. In the American League Division Series against the New York Yankees, he went 1-0 in 2 starts and had an ERA of 3.75. In the American League Championship Series against the Minnesota Twins, Washburn started one game, pitching 7 innings and allowing only 1 earned run; however, he struggled in the World Series against the San Francisco Giants, giving up 10 earned runs in his 2 starts in Games 1 and 5. The Angels would go on to win the 2002 World Series in 7 games, in the first World Series ever in which both teams were wild card teams.

paragraph: In , Washburn went 10-15 and his ERA climbed to 4.43. was similar with a 4.64 ERA, but with more run support, his record improved to 11-8. In , despite having a record of only 8-8, he had an ERA of 3.20 and became a free agent after the season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Seattle Mariners.

paragraph: On December 22, 2005, Washburn signed a four-year contract worth $37.5 million with the Seattle Mariners. In 2006, he finished a disappointing 8-14 with a 4.67 ERA; in 2007, he bettered his ERA to 4.32. In 2008, Washburn struggled early in the season, but from June 9 to August 6, he had an ERA of 3.24. Through August 6, Washburn had the lowest run support in the American League, and was also the victim of seven blown saves in 2008, tying for first in the majors.

paragraph: On July 6, 2009, Washburn threw the first one-hitter in Safeco Field history. The game was also the tenth one-hitter in Mariners team history, and was very nearly their first perfect game, as Washburn did not walk a batter and faced just one over the minimum in the complete game shutout. Washburn started 7-6 in 2009, and had a 2.87 ERA with only 28 walks through July 18, 2009.

paragraph: As of the end of July 2009, opposing batters were hitting .224 against him, which was the third-lowest batting average in the league; he was just behind Edwin Jackson (.216) and Matt Garza (.222), and was followed by Scott Feldman (.228; .217 as a starter).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: On July 31, 2009, Washburn was traded to the Detroit Tigers for pitchers Luke French and Mauricio Robles. Washburn, a playoff-tested veteran in the midst of a great season, was expected to shore up a Tigers rotation that had seen seven different pitchers make a start in the fifth starters' spot. Tigers general manager Dave Dombrowski stated that Washburn was "pitching as well as anyone in the league" at the time of the trade. While he had led the American League in earned run average at the time of the trade, Washburn's tenure with the Tigers was forgettable, as he proceeded to go 1-3 with a 7.33 ERA in 8 starts. Washburn himself noted that while he had "a couple good starts, overall he had not been good." The Tigers, who had been in first place in the American League Central Division since May 8, slowly relinquished their division lead and missed out on the playoffs altogether following a 163rd game tiebreaker with the Minnesota Twins. In addition to French and Robles, the trade also cost the Tigers $3.5 million for Washburn's prorated salary. While the trade was initially highly praised, in hindsight it has been panned by critics and fans.

paragraph: In 2009, with the Mariners and Tigers, Washburn finished with a combined 9-9 record with a 3.78 ERA in 28 starts.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Retirement.

paragraph: At the end of the 2009 season, Washburn filed for free agency. According to an interview in the May 6, 2010 issue of the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh newspaper, The Advance-Titan, Washburn said that he is retiring to spend more time with his family. Washburn currently resides at his home in rural Webster, Wisconsin.

paragraph: In 2013, Washburn became the head baseball coach at his alma mater, Webster High School.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Jarrod Washburn

wikipedia_title: Jarrod Washburn


text: Grand Huntsman of Brabant

text: Philippe Emanuel, 2nd Prince of Hornes

text: Knight of the Austrian Golden Fleece

text: Principality of Hornes

text: Bishopric of Liège

text: Grand Huntsman of Brabant

text: Grand Master of the Imperial Household

text: Lady Marie Thérèse Charlotte Bruce

text: Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury

text: Brussels

text: Frederick III

text: Amalie Zephyrine

text: Marie Antoinette Murat

text: Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern

text: Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders

text: Albert I, King of the Belgians

text: Louise

categories: Knights of the Golden Fleece,1695 births,1763 deaths,People of the Austrian Netherlands,Princes of Hornes

paragraph: Maximilian, Prince of Hornes

paragraph: Maximilian Emanuel, 3rd Prince of Hornes, Count of Baucignies and of Solre-le-Château (31 August 1695, Brussels – 12 January 1763, Brussels), was a nobleman and Grand Huntsman of Brabant. His father was Philippe Emanuel, 2nd Prince of Hornes, and his mother was Princess Marie Anne Antoinette of Ligne.

paragraph: He was made a Knight of the Austrian Golden Fleece in 1749. The Principality of Hornes was surrounded by the Bishopric of Liège.

paragraph: Section::::Career at court.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grandee of Spain, 1st Class.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Huntsman of Brabant (1750-1763).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Esquier of the Empress.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Master of the Imperial Household (1745-1763).

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: He first married Lady Marie Thérèse Charlotte Bruce (1697-1736), daughter of Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury, an English nobleman who lived in exile in Brussels for much of his life, and his second wife Charlotte d'Argenteau, comtesse d'Esneux.

paragraph: Their children were:

paragraph: 1) Marie-Thérèse-Josepha de Hornes (19 October 1725 - 19 June 1783):"married Prince Philip Joseph of Salm-Kyrburg." They had 10 children, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick III (1745–1794), later prince of Salm-Kyrburg, executed in the French Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amalie Zephyrine (1760–1841), married Anton Aloys, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen x Marie Antoinette Murat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen x Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert I, King of the Belgians

paragraph: 2) Elisabeth-Philippine-Claude de Hornes (1733-1826):"married Prince Gustav Adolf of Stolberg-Gedern." They had four daughters, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louise (1752-1824), married Charles Edward Stuart "The Young Pretender"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caroline (1755-1828), married Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Liria and Jérica

paragraph: Following his first wife's death, he was married to Princess Henriette Thérèse Norbertine of Salm-Kyrburg (1711-1751) and then, after her death, to Princess Marie Albertine de Gavre (1735-1797), daughter of Charles I Alexandre, 1st Prince de Gavre.

description: prince

wikidata_label: Maximilian, Prince of Hornes

wikipedia_title: Maximilian, Prince of Hornes


text:
Roman emperor
Year of the Four Emperors
Etruscan
Nero
Lusitania
Poppaea Sabina
Galba
Hispania Tarraconensis
Vitellius
Germania Inferior
Battle of Bedriacum
Claudius
Otho's father
Nero
Poppaea Sabina
Lusitania
Galba
Hispania Tarraconensis
Senate
Titus Vinius
Upper Germany
Lower Germany
Aulus Vitellius
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus
cognomen
effeminacy
Sporus
Golden House
Aulus Marius Celsus
Suetonius
Vitellius
Rhine River
Dalmatia
Pannonia
Moesia
fleet
Liguria
Placentia
Po
Aulus Caecina Alienus
Cremona
Fabius Valens
Battle of Bedriacum
Dalmatia
Titianus
Brixellum
Bedriacum
Aquileia
Pertinax
Year of the Five Emperors
Nero
Domitian
Martial
Satire II
Life of Otho
Life of Otho
Cassius Dio, Book 63
Tacitus
Histories
1.12
1.21
90
"De Imperatoribus Romanis"
Otho
Otho by Plutarch

categories: Salvii,Male suicides,Leaders who took power by coup,32 births,Ancient LGBT people,1st-century Roman emperors,People from the Province of Viterbo,69 deaths,Roman governors of Lusitania,Roman consuls dying in year of consulship,Imperial Roman consuls,People of the Year of the Four Emperors,Roman emperors who committed suicide,Suicides by sharp instrument in Italy,Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome

paragraph: Otho

paragraph: Otho (; ; 28 April 32 – 16 April 69) was Roman emperor for three months, from 15 January to 16 April 69. He was the second emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors.

paragraph: A member of a noble Etruscan family, Otho was initially a friend and courtier of the young emperor Nero until he was effectively banished to the governorship of the remote province of Lusitania in 58 following his wife Poppaea Sabina's affair with Nero. After a period of moderate rule in the province, he allied himself with Galba, the governor of neighbouring Hispania Tarraconensis, during the revolts of 68. He accompanied Galba on his march to Rome, but revolted and murdered Galba at the start of the next year.

paragraph: Inheriting the problem of the rebellion of Vitellius, commander of the army in Germania Inferior, Otho led a sizeable force which met Vitellius' army at the Battle of Bedriacum. After initial fighting resulted in 40,000 casualties, and a retreat of his forces, Otho committed suicide rather than fight on and Vitellius was proclaimed emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Otho was born on 28 April 32. His grandfather had been a senator, and Claudius granted Otho's father patrician status. Greenhalgh writes that "he was addicted to luxury and pleasure to a degree remarkable even in a Roman". An aged freedwoman brought him into the company of the emperor Nero. Otho married the emperor's mistress Poppaea Sabina; Nero forced Otho to divorce Poppaea so that he could marry her. He exiled Otho to the province Lusitania in 58 or 59 by appointing him to be its governor.

paragraph: Otho proved to be capable as governor of Lusitania. Yet, he never forgave Nero for marrying Poppaea. He allied himself with Galba, governor of neighboring Hispania Tarraconensis, in the latter's rebellion against Nero in 68. Nero committed suicide later that year and Galba was proclaimed emperor by the Senate. Otho accompanied the new emperor to Rome in October 68. Before they entered the city, Galba's army fought against a legion that Nero had organized.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Overthrow of Emperor Galba.

paragraph: On 1 January 69, the day Galba took the office of consul alongside Titus Vinius, the fourth and twenty-second legions of Upper Germany refused to swear loyalty to the emperor. They toppled the statues of Galba and demanded that a new emperor be chosen. On the following day, the soldiers of Lower Germany also refused to swear their loyalty and proclaimed the governor of the province, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. Galba tried to ensure his authority as emperor was recognized by adopting the nobleman Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus as his successor, an action that gained resentment from Otho. Galba was killed by the Praetorians on 15 January, followed shortly by Vinius and Piso. Their heads were placed on poles and Otho was proclaimed emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Decline and fall.

paragraph: He accepted, or appeared to accept, the cognomen of Nero conferred upon him by the shouts of the populace, whom his comparative youth and the effeminacy of his appearance reminded of their lost favourite. Nero's statues were again set up, his freedmen and household officers reinstalled (including the young castrated boy Sporus whom Nero had taken in marriage and Otho also would live intimately with), and the intended completion of the Golden House announced.

paragraph: At the same time the fears of the more sober and respectable citizens were allayed by Otho's liberal professions of his intention to govern equitably, and by his judicious clemency towards Aulus Marius Celsus, consul-designate, a devoted adherent of Galba. Otho soon realized that it was much easier to overthrow an emperor than rule as one: according to Suetonius Otho once remarked that "Playing the Long Pipes is hardly my trade" (i.e., undertaking something beyond one's ability to do so).

paragraph: Section::::Decline and fall.:War with Vitellius.

paragraph: Any further development of Otho's policy was checked once Otho had read through Galba's private correspondence and realized the extent of the revolution in Germany, where several legions had declared for Vitellius, the commander of the legions on the lower Rhine River, and were already advancing upon Italy. After a vain attempt to conciliate Vitellius by the offer of a share in the Empire, Otho, with unexpected vigor, prepared for war. From the much more remote provinces, which had acquiesced in his accession, little help was to be expected, but the legions of Dalmatia, Pannonia and Moesia were eager in his cause, the Praetorian cohorts were in themselves a formidable force and an efficient fleet gave him the mastery of the Italian seas.

paragraph: The fleet was at once dispatched to secure Liguria, and on 14 March Otho, undismayed by omens and prophecies, started northwards at the head of his troops in the hopes of preventing the entry of Vitellius' troops into Italy. But for this he was too late, and all that could be done was to throw troops into Placentia and hold the line of the Po. Otho's advanced guard successfully defended Placentia against Aulus Caecina Alienus, and compelled that general to fall back on Cremona, but the arrival of Fabius Valens altered the aspect of affairs.

paragraph: Vitellius' commanders now resolved to bring on a decisive battle, the Battle of Bedriacum, and their designs were assisted by the divided and irresolute counsels which prevailed in Otho's camp. The more experienced officers urged the importance of avoiding a battle until at least the legions from Dalmatia had arrived. However, the rashness of the emperor's brother Titianus and of Proculus, prefect of the Praetorian Guards, added to Otho's feverish impatience, overruled all opposition, and an immediate advance was decided upon.

paragraph: Otho remained behind with a considerable reserve force at Brixellum on the southern bank of the Po. When this decision was taken, Otho's army already had crossed the Po and were encamped at Bedriacum (or Betriacum), a small village on the "Via Postumia", and on the route by which the legions from Dalmatia would naturally arrive.

paragraph: Leaving a strong detachment to hold the camp at Bedriacum, the Othonian forces advanced along the "Via Postumia" in the direction of Cremona. At a short distance from that city they unexpectedly encountered the Vitellian troops. The Othonians, though taken at a disadvantage, fought desperately, but finally were forced to fall back in disorder upon their camp at Bedriacum. There on the next day the victorious Vitellians followed them, but only to come to terms at once with their disheartened enemy, and to be welcomed into the camp as friends.

paragraph: Section::::Decline and fall.:Death.

paragraph: More unexpected still was the effect produced at Brixellum by the news of the battle. Otho was still in command of a formidable force: The Dalmatian legions had reached Aquileia and the spirit of his soldiers and their officers was unbroken. He was resolved to accept the verdict of the battle that his own impatience had hastened. In a dignified speech, he bade farewell to those about him, declaring: "It is far more just to perish one for all, than many for one", and then retiring to rest soundly for some hours. Early in the morning he stabbed himself in the heart with a dagger, which he had concealed under his pillow, and died as his attendants entered the tent.

paragraph: Otho's ashes were placed within a modest monument. He had reigned only three months. His funeral was celebrated at once as he had wished. A plain tomb was erected in his honour at Brixellum, with the simple inscription "Diis Manibus Marci Othonis". His 91-day reign would be the shortest until that of Pertinax, whose reign lasted 86 days in 193 during the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors.

paragraph: Section::::Reasons for suicide.

paragraph: It has been thought that Otho's suicide was committed in order to steer his country from the path to civil war. Just as he had come to power, many Romans learned to respect Otho in his death. Few could believe that a renowned former companion of Nero had chosen such an honourable end. Tacitus wrote that some of the soldiers committed suicide beside his funeral pyre "because they loved their emperor and wished to share his glory".

paragraph: Writing during the reign of the Emperor Domitian (AD 81–96), the Roman poet Martial expressed his admiration for Otho's choice to spare the empire from civil war through sacrificing himself:

paragraph: Section::::Physical appearance.

paragraph: Suetonius, in "The Lives of the Caesars", comments on Otho's appearance and personal hygiene.

paragraph: Juvenal, in a passage in the Satire II dealing with homosexuality, specifically mentions Otho as being vain, looking at himself in the mirror before going into battle, and "plaster[ing] his face with dough" in order to look good.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life of Otho (Suetonius; English translation and Latin original)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life of Otho (Plutarch; English translation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cassius Dio, Book 63

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tacitus, "Histories" (esp. 1.12, 1.21–90)

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Secondary material.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography on "De Imperatoribus Romanis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otho entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otho by Plutarch

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juvenal; Satire II

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: Seventh Emperor of Ancient Rome

wikidata_label: Otho

wikipedia_title: Otho


text: African-American

text: Playboy Bunny

text: Charlotte, North Carolina

text: Chambersburg, PA

text: White Plains, New York

text: White Plains, New York

text: Dorothy Dandridge

text: Jessye Norman

text: Gladys Knight

text: Maria Cole

text: Nat King Cole

text: Josephine Baker

text: Mae West

text: Ella Fitzgerald

text: Dorothy Dandridge

text: Eartha Kitt

text: Marian Anderson

text: The New York Times

text: Joyce Bryant

text: LIFE Magazine

text: Midtown

text: Hugh Hefner

text: Playboy Playmate

text: Victor Lownes

text: Playboy Bunny

text: Playboy Club

text: National Council of Negro Women

text: Arthur Mitchell

text: Dance Theatre of Harlem

text: Playboy Bunny

text: Dance Theatre of Harlem

categories: Playboy,American fashion designers,20th-century American businesspeople,African-American businesspeople,African-American fashion designers,1905 births,Women fashion designers,2001 deaths,American women in business

paragraph: Zelda Wynn Valdes

paragraph: Zelda Barbour Wynn Valdes (June 28, 1905 - September 26, 2001) was an African-American fashion designer and costumer. She is the creator of the original Playboy Bunny costume.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Zelda Valdes grew up in Charlotte, North Carolina, but was born Zelda Christian Barbour in Chambersburg, PA. She trained as a classical pianist at the Catholic Conservatory of Music. In the early 1920s, Valdes started to work in the tailoring shop of her uncle in White Plains, New York. Around the same time, Valdes began working as a stock girl at a high-end boutique. She eventually worked her way up to selling and making alterations, becoming the shop's first black sales clerk and tailor. Looking back, Valdes said "It wasn't a pleasant time, but the idea was to see what I could do."

paragraph: Beginning in 1935, she had her own dressmaking business in White Plains, New York. She eventually oversaw ladies alterations, and developed her own dressmaking clientele. In 1948, Valdes opened "Zelda Wynn," her design and dressmaking studio, on Broadway (in what is now Washington Heights on Broadway and West 158th Street). Valdes said that her shop was the first black-owned business on Broadway. She sold her dresses to movie star Dorothy Dandridge, opera diva Jessye Norman, and singer Gladys Knight. Valdes also dressed the entire bridal party for the 1948 wedding of Marie Ellington, aka Maria Cole and Nat King Cole. Additional celebrity clients included Josephine Baker, Mae West, Ella Fitzgerald, Dorothy Dandridge, Eartha Kitt, and Marian Anderson. Her designing relationship with Fitzgerald was mostly long-distance - she told The New York Times in 1994 that she only fit Fitzgerald once in 12 years, and did most of her designing for her based off her imagination. Valdes also created a new sexier image for singer Joyce Bryant who "LIFE Magazine" dubbed “the Black Marilyn Monroe."

paragraph: In the 1950s, she moved "Chez Zelda" to 151 57th Street in Midtown. She had a staff of nine dressmakers and charged almost $1,000 per couture gown.

paragraph: Her role in glamorizing women caught the attention of Playboy's Hugh Hefner who commissioned Zelda to design bunny costumes for the Playboy Playmates, an idea suggested by Victor Lownes. She created the original Playboy Bunny costume, which was presented at the opening of the first Playboy Club in Chicago, IL on February 29, 1960. It was also the first commercial uniform to be registered by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

paragraph: Beginning in the 1960s, Valdes directed the Fashion and Design Workshop of the Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited and Associated Community Teams (HARYOU-ACT). Valdes taught costume designing skills and facilitated fabric donations to the student workshops.

paragraph: She was one of the founders of the National Association of Fashion Accessory Designers, an industry group intended to promote black design professionals. This group was established with the sponsorship of the National Council of Negro Women.

paragraph: In 1970, Arthur Mitchell asked Valdes to design costumes for his new company, the Dance Theatre of Harlem. By 1992, Valdes would design costumes for eighty-two productions. She closed her business in 1989 but continued to work with the Dance Theatre of Harlem until her death in 2001 at the age of 96.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Playboy Bunny

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dance Theatre of Harlem

description: American fashion designer

wikidata_label: Zelda Wynn Valdes

wikipedia_title: Zelda Wynn Valdes


text: United States Army

text: African-American

text: Civil War

text: Battle of Pea Ridge

text: Red River Campaign

text: St. Louis, Missouri

text: 38th United States Infantry Regiment

text: New Mexico

text: Fort Union, New Mexico

text: Pueblo, Colorado

text: Trinidad, Colorado

text: Deborah Sampson

text: Anna Maria Lane

text: Molly Pitcher

text: American Revolutionary War

text: U.S. Pension Bureau

text: neuralgia

text: diabetes

text: Richard Allen Cultural Center

text: National Infantry Museum

text: African-American firsts

text: List of wartime crossdressers

categories: People of the American Old West,African-American chefs,Buffalo Soldiers,People of Missouri in the American Civil War,American slaves,African-American female military personnel,1892 deaths,1844 births,African Americans in the Civil War,African Americans in the American Old West,Female wartime cross-dressers in the American Civil War,People from Independence, Missouri

paragraph: Cathay Williams

paragraph: Cathay Williams (September 1844 – 1893) was an American soldier who enlisted in the United States Army under the pseudonym William Cathay. She was the first African-American woman to enlist, and the only documented to serve in the United States Army posing as a man.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Williams was born in Independence, Missouri, to a free man and a woman in slavery, making her legal status also that of a slave. During her adolescence, Williams worked as a house slave on the Johnson plantation on the outskirts of Jefferson City, Missouri. In 1861 Union forces occupied Jefferson City in the early stages of the Civil War. At that time, captured slaves were officially designated by the Union as "contraband," and many were forced to serve in military support roles such as cooks, laundresses, or nurses.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.

paragraph: For the next few years, it is alleged that Williams traveled with the army as a soldier on marches through Arkansas, Louisiana, and Georgia. It is possible that Cathay Williams was present at the Battle of Pea Ridge and the Red River Campaign. There is no evidence, however, that supports any claims to her service in the Civil War, although a soldier named "Finis Cathay" did enlist in the 32nd Missouri Infantry as early as 1862 and participated in most of the major campaigns in the west, including the siege of Vicksburg and Sherman's March to the Sea, before helping to force Joseph E. Johnston's last Confederate army into surrender in North Carolina. This unit's history parallels many of the wartime stories told of Cathay Williams, including its presence in Washington, D.C., at the final Grand Review on May 24, 1865.

paragraph: Section::::U.S. Army service.

paragraph: Despite the prohibition against women serving in the military, Cathay Williams enlisted in the United States Regular Army under the false name of "William Cathay" on November 15, 1866, at St. Louis, Missouri, for a three-year engagement, passing herself off as a man. She was assigned to the 38th United States Infantry Regiment after she passed a cursory medical examination. Only two others are known to have been privy to the deception, her cousin and a friend, both of whom were fellow soldiers in her regiment.

paragraph: Shortly after her enlistment, Williams contracted smallpox, was hospitalized and rejoined her unit, which by then was posted in New Mexico. Possibly due to the effects of smallpox, the New Mexico heat, or the cumulative effects of years of marching, her body began to show signs of strain. She was frequently hospitalized. The post surgeon finally discovered she was a woman, and informed the post commander. She was discharged from the Army by her commanding officer, Captain Charles E. Clarke, on October 14, 1868.

paragraph: Section::::Post-military service years.

paragraph: Cathay Williams went to work as a cook at Fort Union, New Mexico, and later moved to Pueblo, Colorado. Williams married, but it ended disastrously when her husband stole her money and a team of horses. Williams had him arrested. She next moved to Trinidad, Colorado, where she made her living as a seamstress. She may also have owned a boarding house. It was at this time that Williams' story first became public. A reporter from St. Louis heard rumors of an African-American woman who had served in the army, and came to interview her. Her life and military service narrative was published in "The St. Louis Daily Times" on January 2 1876.

paragraph: In late 1889 or early 1890, Cathay Williams entered a local hospital where she remained for some time, and in June 1891, applied for a disability pension based on her military service. The nature of her illness and disability are unknown. There was precedent for granting a pension to female soldiers. Deborah Sampson in 1816, Anna Maria Lane, and Mary Hayes McCauley (better known as Molly Pitcher) had been granted pensions for their service in the American Revolutionary War.

paragraph: Section::::Declining health and death.

paragraph: In September 1893, a doctor employed by the U.S. Pension Bureau examined Cathay Williams. Despite the fact that she suffered from neuralgia and diabetes, she had all her toes amputated, and could only walk with a crutch, the doctor decided she did not qualify for disability payments. Her application was rejected.

paragraph: The exact date of Williams' death is unknown, but it is assumed she died shortly after being denied a pension, probably sometime in 1893. Her simple grave marker would have been made of wood and deteriorated long ago. Thus her final resting place is now unknown.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: In 2016, a bronze bust of Cathay Williams, featuring information about her and with a small rose garden around it, was unveiled outside the Richard Allen Cultural Center in Leavenworth, Kansas.

paragraph: In 2018, the Private Cathay Williams monument bench was unveiled on the Walk of Honor at the National Infantry Museum.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- African-American firsts

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of wartime crossdressers

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tucker, Phillip Thomas. "Cathy Williams: From Slave to Female Buffalo Soldier". Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- African Americans in the U.S. Army, Profiles of Bravery: Cathay Williams - U.S. Army website

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Daughter of a daughter of a Queen, novel about Cathy Williams, by Sarah Bird. St. Martin’s Press, 2018

description: American slave, chef, Buffalo soldier and Female wartime crossdresser

wikidata_label: Cathay Williams

wikipedia_title: Cathay Williams


text:
American football
fullback
Arizona Cardinals
undrafted free agent
college football
Alabama
Arizona Cardinals
undrafted free agent
Kansas City Chiefs
graduate assistant
Nick Saban
Thompson High School
Jeremiah
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Denver Broncos
Simeon
cornerback
United Football League
Kansas City Chiefs bio

categories: American football fullbacks,Kansas City Chiefs players,Sportspeople from Birmingham, Alabama,Alabama Crimson Tide football players,1984 births,Players of American football from Alabama,Arizona Cardinals players,Living people

paragraph: Tim Castille

paragraph: Timothy Nehemiah Castille (born May 29, 1984) is an American football coach and former fullback. He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at Alabama.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Arizona Cardinals.

paragraph: Castille was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played in all 14 of the Cardinals games in 2008. He was released on September 4, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: Castille signed with the Kansas City Chiefs on November 17, 2009. He participated in 17 Chiefs games from 2009-2010 scoring one touchdown by reception in 2009. He was declared a free agent on July 25, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: He spent 2012 as a graduate assistant football coach under Nick Saban at Alabama. In 2015, he joined Thompson High School as a running backs coach and strength and conditioning coordinator.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Castille's father, Jeremiah, also played college football at Alabama before spending six seasons in the NFL with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Denver Broncos. Castille's brother, Simeon, was a cornerback in the NFL and United Football League between 2008 and 2014. Simeon also played college football at Alabama.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kansas City Chiefs bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Tim Castille

wikipedia_title: Tim Castille


text: Lotus Sutra

text: Reiyūkai

text: Myoko Naganuma

text: Lotus Sutra

text: World Conference of Religions for Peace

text: United Nations

text: Nichiko Niwano

text: Interfaith Medallion

text: Buddhism for Today

text: A Guide to the Threefold Lotus Sutra

text: Lifetime Beginner: An Autobiography

text: Invisible Eyelashes

text: Official Profile

text: Rissho Kosei Kai website

categories: 1999 deaths,Japanese Buddhists,1906 births,Templeton Prize laureates,Nichiren Buddhists

paragraph: Nikkyō Niwano

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born on November 15, 1906 to farmers, Nikkyō had a humble life in a small town. Later in his youth he moved to Tokyo to work, where he began to study several different religions. During his studies he attended a sermon on the Lotus Sutra and became a Buddhist.

paragraph: Section::::Risshō Kōsei Kai.

paragraph: Mr. Niwano had been actively involved with the Buddhist group Reiyūkai, and it was then that he encountered Ms. Myoko Naganuma and led her to convert to Reiyūkai. In 1938 they both attended a leaders meeting where the leadership of Reiyūkai made several comments stating that the Lotus Sutra was outdated. After discussing this matter with each other, they decided that they could not belong to an organization which held this type of view. On March 5, 1938 they founded Risshō Kōsei Kai, holding the first meeting in Mr. Niwano's house.

paragraph: Niwano was to be the President and Naganuma to be the vice-president. As the organization grew he gave up his job as a milk man and devoted himself full-time to the ministry. He became involved in interfaith activities and helped to found the World Conference of Religions for Peace in 1970. During this time he became involved in numerous religious and cultural conferences and gatherings, some of which include the Asian Conference on Religion and Peace and the 6th WCRP in Italy, where he presided over the WCRP alongside Pope John Paul II. He also spoke on several occasions as the United Nations calling for world peace and the abolition of nuclear arms.

paragraph: In 1991 he stepped down as president and was succeeded by his eldest son, Nichiko Niwano. Although retired, he continued to participate in interfaith and peace activities.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: In 1979 he was awarded the Templeton Foundation Prize for Progress in Religion.

paragraph: In 1992 he was made a Knight Commander with the Silver Star of the Order of St. Gregory the Great by the Vatican.

paragraph: In 1993 Mr. Niwano was awarded the Interfaith Medallion from the International Council of Christians and Jews.

paragraph: Daniel Montgomery quotes that "no Buddhist leader in the World has become more widely known or showered with honours than him."

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Nikkyo Niwano died on October 4, 1999. He was cremated and some of his ashes were placed in the Precious Stupa of the One Vehicle, a small stupa located on the grounds of the groups headquarters. He is remembered for his interfaith work and his calls for global peace and disarmament. While many people around the world regard him with the highest respect, some criticism occurred shortly after his death regarding the large fortune that he left behind, many claiming that this was un-Buddhist.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nikkyō Niwano (1980). Buddhism for Today, A Modern Interpretation of the Threefold Lotus Sutra, Kosei Publishing Co/Weatherhill Inc;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nikkyō Niwano (1989). A Guide to the Threefold Lotus Sutra, Kosei Publishing Co.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nikkyō Niwano (1978). Lifetime Beginner: An Autobiography, Kosei Publishing Co.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nikkyō Niwano (1995). Invisible Eyelashes: Seeing What is Closest to Us, Kosei Publishing Co.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shinozaki, Michio T. (2001). Peace and Nonviolence from a Mahayana Buddhist Perspective: Nikkyo Niwano's Thought. Buddhist-Christian Studies 21, 13-30

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rissho Kosei Kai website

alias:
Nikkyo Niwano
Nikkyou Niwano

description: Japanese Buddhist leader

wikidata_label: Nikkyō Niwano

wikipedia_title: Nikkyō Niwano


text: Chester

text: Sir Thomas More

text: John Fisher

text: Anne Boleyn

text: Chester

text: mayor of Chester

text: Etwall

text: Middle Temple

text: Reader

text: Derbyshire

text: Privy Council

text: earldom of Chester

text: Derbyshire

text: Justice of the King's Bench

text: York

text: assize

text: oyer and terminer

text: Middlesex

text: John Fisher

text: Thomas More

text: Anne Boleyn

text: John Port the Younger

text: Brasenose College, Oxford

text: Oxford University

text: Repton School

text: Secondary School

text: Radbourne, Derbyshire

text: King's Remembrancer

text: Exchequer

text: Sir John Port

text: Holme, Nottinghamshire

text: Sir John Francys

text: Foremark

text: Sir George Finderne

text: Findern

text: Trafford

text: The John Port tombs

categories: Justices of the King's Bench,1540 deaths,People from Chester,1470s births,16th-century English judges,15th-century English people,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: John Port (judge)

paragraph: Sir John Port (c.1472 – c. 14 March 1540), judge, was the son of Henry Port of Chester. He was involved in the trials of Sir Thomas More, John Fisher and Anne Boleyn.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: John Port was born about 1472 at Chester, where his ancestors had been merchants for some generations. His father, Henry Port, was a sheriff of Chester in 1471-2 then mayor of Chester in 1486-7, and his mother, Anne Barrow, was the daughter of Robert Barrow, also a sheriff of Chester in 1488-9 and 1506-7 then mayor of Chester in 1526-7.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: By 1495 Port had settled at Etwall in Derbyshire as a result of his marriage to the daughter of John Fitzherbert (d.1502).

paragraph: Port studied law at the Middle Temple, where he was Reader in 1509, Lent Reader and treasurer in 1515, and governor in 1520. In 1504 he was one of the commissioners appointed to raise a subsidy in Derbyshire. On 2 June 1509 he was made King's solicitor, and on 26 November signed a proclamation as member of the Privy Council. In the same year he was "keeper of the King's books", and in 1511 clerk of the wardrobe. Before 1512 he was appointed attorney to the earldom of Chester, and in that year he appeared as one of the commissioners selected to inquire into the extortions of the masters of the mint.

paragraph: In 1515 and most succeeding years he served on the commission for the peace in Derbyshire. In 1517 he was "clerk of exchange in the Tower," and in 1522 was made serjeant-at-law. He acquired an extensive practice as an advocate, and in 1525 he was made a Justice of the King's Bench and knighted.

paragraph: He was on the commission for gaol delivery at York, and in June went on the northern circuit as justice of assize. He was also a member of Princess Mary's council. In 1535 he was placed on the commission of oyer and terminer for Middlesex to try John Fisher and Thomas More, and in the following year was similarly employed with regard to Anne Boleyn.

paragraph: Port died on or about 14 March 1540.

paragraph: Port's son, John Port the Younger, took a prominent part in the transactions relating to the foundation of Brasenose College, Oxford. He gave to it a garden lying on the south side of the college, and completed John Williamson's bequest of £200 "to provide stipends for two sufficient and able persons to read and teach openly in the hall, the one philosophy, the other 'humanity." The stipend was (then) 4 shillings a year, but the limitation to the descendants of Williamson and Port was abolished by Oxford University in 1854. John the Younger was also the founder of Repton School, and the land on which the family Manor House once stood in Etwall is now the grounds of a Secondary School which still holds the Port family crest of three birds within its own school crest.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: Port married firstly Joan FitzHerbert, widow of John Pole of Radbourne, Derbyshire, and the daughter and coheir of John FitzHerbert (d.1502), King's Remembrancer of the Exchequer, by whom he had a son, Sir John Port, and three daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ellen Port, who married firstly Sir Edmund Pierrepont of Holme, Nottinghamshire and secondly Sir John Babington.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Port, who married Sir John Francys of Foremark.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Port, who married Sir George Finderne of Findern.

paragraph: Port married secondly, in the 1520s, Margery Trafford (d.1540), widow of Sir Thomas Gerard (d. 1523), and daughter of Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford, Lancashire, by whom he had no issue.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Will of Sir John Port, proved 22 March 1540, National Archives. Retrieved 3 April 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Will of John Fitzherbert, proved 12 May 1503, National Archives. Retrieved 3 April 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- The John Port tombs – John's father Henry has a monument too in Etwall.

description: English judge

wikidata_label: John Port

wikipedia_title: John Port (judge)


text:
Cathedral of Toledo
Ciudad Real
Ximénez de Rada
stonemason
Old Cathedral of Salamanca
Florín de Pituenga
Casandro Romano
Alvar García
Pedro de la Obra
Juan el Pedrero
Sancho Pedro
Juan Franco

categories: 1291 deaths,13th-century Spanish architects,Spanish architects,Gothic architects,People from Toledo, Spain,1220s births

paragraph: Petrus Petri

paragraph: Petrus Petri (also Pedro Pérez) ( 1220 – 1291) was a thirteenth-century Spanish master architect. For centuries it was held with complete certainty that he was the first master architect of the Cathedral of Toledo, based on the only existing testimony regarding the authorship, a legend inscribed in vulgar Latin still visible on a tombstone in the church

paragraph: Towards the middle of the 20th century, the bishop of Ciudad Real thoroughly investigated this claim and brought to light a series of documents which demonstrated the existence of a first master prior to Petrus Petri called Master Martín, married to María Gómez and certainly of French origin, who had been summoned by Ximénez de Rada. One of the documents is dated to 1227 and names "a master Martín of the work of Saint Mary of Toledo". Another document lists income collected by the cathedral in 1234 and records again the name of "Master Martín of the work", of whom it is also written that he was a tenant of a house associated with the cathedral. In later writings there appear the names of Martín (stonemason) and Juan Martín (master of stonemasons), who are believed to be relatives of each other. No new documents have appeared, so at present this master Martín is accredited as the first architect. To this argument it must be added that the date of the beginning of construction does not correlate with the age of Petrus Petri who during those years must have been too young to be an architect.

paragraph: Studies released after this discovery indicate that the master Martín would be the designer of the chapels of the ambulatory and upon his departure by death or by absence the supervision of the work was taken up by master Petrus who finished the ambulatories and constructed the triforia in Toledan style. Towards the end of the 20th century, the sanctuary and two sections of the naves of the south side were completed.

paragraph: It is known that Petrus Petri also worked on the Old Cathedral of Salamanca, discussed in the Archives of the Cathedral of that city, where he also worked with Florín de Pituenga, Casandro Romano, Alvar García, Pedro de la Obra, Juan el Pedrero, Sancho Pedro and Juan Franco.

description: architect

wikidata_label: Petrus Petri

wikipedia_title: Petrus Petri