text: American football

text: wide receiver

text: Atlanta Falcons

text: college football

text: UAB

text: 2005 NFL Draft

text: James Island High School

text: Charleston, South Carolina

text: letterman

text: football

text: baseball

text: soccer

text: wrestling

text: Lowcountry

text: Rivals.com

text: University of Alabama at Birmingham

text: UAB Blazers football

text: Watson Brown

text: Cincinnati Bearcats

text: Pitt Panthers

text: Houston Cougars

text: Tulane Green Wave

text: East Carolina Pirates

text: Southern Miss Golden Eagles

text: Cincinnati Bearcats

text: Tulane Green Wave

text: South Florida Bulls

text: Houston Cougars

text: Memphis Tigers

text: Mississippi State Bulldogs

text: Tulane Green Wave

text: Houston Cougars

text: Southern Miss Golden Eagles

text: 2004 Hawaii Bowl

text: Hawaii Warriors

text: 2005 NFL Draft

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: New Orleans Saints

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Jacksonville Jaguars

text: Matt Jones

text: Baltimore Ravens

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: Carolina Panthers

text: New Orleans Saints

text: Indianapolis Colts

text: St. Louis Rams

text: Arizona Cardinals

text: Michael Vick

text: dogfighting

text: Terance Mathis

text: Arizona Cardinals

text: Kansas City Chiefs

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Chicago Bears

text: Philadelphia Eagles

text: Denver Broncos

text: San Diego Chargers

text: New Orleans Saints

text: St. Louis Rams

text: Arizona Cardinals

text: 2009 Pro Bowl

text: Michael Turner

text: 2009 Pro Bowl

text: Larry Fitzgerald

text: Steve Smith

text: Brandon Marshall

text: Andre Johnson

text: Carolina Panthers

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Carolina Panthers

text: New Orleans Saints

text: Philadelphia Eagles

text: Buffalo Bills

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Pro Bowl

text: 2010 Pro Bowl

text: Pittsburgh Steelers

text: New Orleans Saints

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Cleveland Browns

text: Cincinnati Bengals

text: Baltimore Ravens

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Chicago Bears

text: Philadelphia Eagles

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Tennessee Titans

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: Houston Texans

text: Carolina Panthers

text: Jacksonville Jaguars

text: New Orleans Saints

text: New York Giants

text: Calvin Johnson

text: Kansas City Chiefs

text: Denver Broncos

text: Carolina Panthers

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: New Orleans Saints

text: Arizona Cardinals

text: Detroit Lions

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Buffalo Bills

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Carolina Panthers

text: New Orleans Saints

text: Baltimore Ravens

text: Carolina Panthers

text: Carolina Panthers

text: Monday Night Football

text: Philadelphia Eagles

text: New Orleans Saints

text: Falcons Ring of Honor

text: James Island, South Carolina

text: Johns Creek High School

text: Johns Creek

text: Georgia

text: dog fighting

text: George Zimmerman trial

text: Twitter

text: Duke

text: Official Foundation Website

text: Atlanta Falcons bio

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,Players of American football from South Carolina,African-American players of American football,1981 births,American football wide receivers,National Conference Pro Bowl players,Sportspeople from Charleston, South Carolina,Living people

paragraph: Roddy White

paragraph: Sharod Lamor "Roddy" White (born November 2, 1981) is a former American football wide receiver who played his entire professional career with the Atlanta Falcons. He played college football at UAB, and was drafted by the Falcons in the first round of the 2005 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: White attended James Island High School in Charleston, South Carolina, and was a four-sport letterman and standout in football, baseball, soccer, and wrestling. In football, he was a two-time All-Lowcountry honoree, a two-time All-State honoree, and was also listed as one of the top receivers in the nation on Rivals.com. In wrestling, he was a two-time state champion often pinning his opponent in a move that was coined the "Shanaz".

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: White attended the University of Alabama at Birmingham, where he was a standout wide receiver for the UAB Blazers football team. He caught 163 passes for 3,112 yards and 26 touchdowns in four seasons. He played under head coach Watson Brown while at UAB.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2001 season.

paragraph: As a freshman, White recorded meaningful statistics in six games. On October 13, against the Cincinnati Bearcats, he recorded his first collegiate touchdown. On December 12, against the Pitt Panthers, he had a season-high four receptions for 75 yards. Overall, in his freshman season, he recorded 14 receptions for 236 yards and two touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2002 season.

paragraph: As a sophomore, White saw an expanded role in the Blazers offense. On October 12, against the Houston Cougars, he recorded four receptions for 94 yards and a touchdown. In the next game against the Tulane Green Wave, he recorded five receptions for 66 yards and another touchdown. On November 16, he had a career-day against the East Carolina Pirates with eight receptions for 159 yards and a touchdown. Overall, in his sophomore season, he recorded 39 receptions for 580 yards and three touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2003 season.

paragraph: As a junior, White continued his productive college career with the Blazers. On September 4, against the Southern Miss Golden Eagles, he recorded 10 receptions for 111 yards. On October 11, against the Cincinnati Bearcats, he had a breakout day with four receptions for 171 yards and two touchdowns. In the last three games of the season, he posted great results: 147 yards and two touchdowns against the Tulane Green Wave, 121 yards and a touchdown against the South Florida Bulls, and 54 yards and a touchdown against the Houston Cougars. Overall, in his junior season, he recorded 39 receptions for 844 yards and seven touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2004 season.

paragraph: As a senior, White had his best collegiate season statistically. On September 25, against the Memphis Tigers, he had eight receptions for 177 yards and three touchdowns. On October 9, against the Mississippi State Bulldogs, he had seven receptions for 123 yards and two touchdowns. He had career day against the Tulane Green Wave on October 23, with 10 receptions for 253 yards and a touchdown, and it was his fifth straight game with a touchdown score. On November 13, against the Houston Cougars, he had eight receptions for 153 yards and two touchdowns. On November 27, against the Southern Miss Golden Eagles, he had four receptions for 132 yards and a touchdown. White helped lead UAB to their first bowl game in school history. In the 2004 Hawaii Bowl, White caught six passes for 113 yards and a touchdown in the 59-40 loss to the Hawaii Warriors. He finished his senior season with 71 receptions for 1,452 yards and 14 scores.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: White was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the first round of the 2005 NFL Draft with the 27th overall pick.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2005 season.

paragraph: Although a high ankle sprain caused him to remain on the sidelines for much of the preseason, he recovered by Week 2 and was put on the team's roster. In Week 4 against the Minnesota Vikings, he was inserted in the lineup as the No. 3 receiver. During the course of the game, he recorded 64 yards on 5 catches. However, during the rest of the season, his performance was generally spotty. He made a fantastic leaping catch over three defenders on a trick play against the New Orleans Saints during Week 14 for a 54-yard touchdown, but dropped a crucial touchdown catch the next week against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In spite of this, he still had 108 yards receiving in that game, the second-highest receiving total put up by a rookie wide receiver in 2005, only surpassed by Jacksonville Jaguars receiver Matt Jones (117 yards vs. the Baltimore Ravens). White ranked fifth among all rookie wide receivers in 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2006 season.

paragraph: In the 2006 season, White appeared in all 16 games and started five. He had his best game of the season against the Dallas Cowboys where he had three receptions for 104 yards. His performance in his second season increased in comparison to his rookie season. He recorded 30 receptions for 505 yards in his second season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2007 season.

paragraph: On September 23, against the Carolina Panthers, White had seven receptions for 127 yards and a touchdown. A few weeks later, against the New Orleans Saints, he had eight receptions for 110 yards and a touchdown. On November 22, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had six receptions for 104 yards and a touchdown. In the next game, against the St. Louis Rams, he had 10 receptions for a season-high 146 yards and a touchdown. In the penultimate game of his third season, he had 12 receptions for 141 yards against the Arizona Cardinals.

paragraph: In a game against the New Orleans Saints, White showed his support for fellow Falcon Michael Vick by wearing a T-shirt that said "Free Mike Vick" and pulling up his jersey after scoring a touchdown. Earlier that day, Vick was sentenced to 23 months in jail on dogfighting charges. White was fined $10,000 by the league for his actions.

paragraph: White became the first Falcon wide receiver since Terance Mathis in 1999 to reach 1,000 single-season receiving yards on December 23, 2007 against the Arizona Cardinals. He also finished tied for eighth among all NFL wide receivers in receiving yards in 2007 with 1,202 yards. He had six receiving touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2008 season.

paragraph: On September 21, 2008, in Week 3, he put together his first solid performance of the season with five receptions for 119 yards and a touchdown against the Kansas City Chiefs. On October 5, he had eight receptions for 132 yards and a touchdown in Week 5 against the Green Bay Packers. He followed that up the next week, he had nine receptions for 112 yards and a touchdown against the Chicago Bears. The next week, he had eight receptions for 113 yards and two touchdowns against the Philadelphia Eagles. On November 16, in Week 11, he had five receptions for 102 yards against the Denver Broncos. Two weeks later, on November 30, he had another great game with six receptions for 112 yards against the San Diego Chargers. On December 7, in Week 14, he had with best performance of the season with 10 receptions for 164 yards against the New Orleans Saints. On December 28, in the regular season finale, he had three receptions for 48 yards and a touchdown against the St. Louis Rams in the Week 17 finale.

paragraph: White and the Falcons made the playoffs in the 2008 season and met the Arizona Cardinals in the . The Falcons fell by a score of 30–24 as White had 11 receptions for 84 yards and a touchdown.

paragraph: White's 2008 season was an improvement over the previous year, finishing fourth in the NFL in receiving yards. He finished the year with 1,382 receiving yards (career high and team record), 88 receptions (career high), and seven touchdowns (career high). He broke Alfred Jenkins's team record of 1,358 receiving yards, which stood since 1981.

paragraph: On December 16, 2008, White was named to the 2009 Pro Bowl, the first of his career, along with fellow Falcons running back Michael Turner.

paragraph: White had one reception for 26 yards and one rush for seven yards in the 2009 Pro Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2009 season.

paragraph: On July 31, 2009, White began a holdout, boycotting the 2009 training camp in an attempt at an early contract extension. On August 8, he signed a six-year, $48 million contract extension with $18.6 million guaranteed and $28 million over the first three years of the deal. The extension makes him the fifth highest paid wide receiver in the league, behind Arizona's Larry Fitzgerald, Carolina's Steve Smith, Chicago's Brandon Marshall, and Houston's Andre Johnson.

paragraph: In Week 2, on September 20, he had six receptions for 53 yards and his first touchdown of the season against the Carolina Panthers. On October 11, White set the Falcons franchise record for single-game receiving yards in a game against the San Francisco 49ers. He had eight receptions for a career-high 210 yards as well as two touchdowns, one of which was for 90 yards. This record has been broken by Julio Jones, who recorded 300 yards against the Carolina Panthers in a game during the 2016-2017 season. On November 2, in Week 8, he broke 100 receiving yards again with four receptions for 108 yards and a touchdown against the New Orleans Saints. Over a month later, on December 6, he had nine receptions for 104 yards and a touchdown against the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 13. The next week, he had eight receptions for 139 yards and two touchdowns against the Buffalo Bills. He closed out the regular season on January 3, 2010 with six receptions for 66 yards and a touchdown against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

paragraph: White finished the 2009 season with 85 receptions, 1,153 yards, and a career-high 11 touchdowns. He became only the second Falcon player to record three straight 1,000 yard seasons. On January 26, 2010, White was selected to his second consecutive Pro Bowl.

paragraph: White led all receivers in the 2010 Pro Bowl in catches with eight for 84 yards.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2010 season.

paragraph: In the 2010 regular season opener, White had a career-high 13 receptions for 111 yards against the Pittsburgh Steelers. Two games later, he had five receptions for 69 yards and his first touchdown of the season against the New Orleans Saints. The next week, he had seven receptions for 104 yards against the San Francisco 49ers. For the third straight week, he put up a solid performance with five receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown against the Cleveland Browns. On October 24, he had 11 receptions for 201 yards and two touchdowns against the Cincinnati Bengals. His performance against the Bengals was his second-career game with at least 200 receiving yards. On November 11, in Week 10, he had 12 receptions for 138 yards and two touchdowns against the Baltimore Ravens.

paragraph: White and the Falcons made the playoffs in the 2010 season. In the , they fell to the Green Bay Packers 48–21 despite White having six receptions for 57 yards and a touchdown.

paragraph: In 2010, White led the NFL in receptions with 115 and the NFC in receiving yards with 1,389. He also had 10 touchdowns for the year.

paragraph: White led the NFC Pro Bowl team with 69 yards.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2011 season.

paragraph: White started off the 2011 season with eight receptions for 61 yards against the Chicago Bears on September 11. The next week, he had a quiet day with three receptions for 23 yards but had his first touchdown of the season against the Philadelphia Eagles. On September 25, in Week 3, he had nine receptions for 140 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. A few weeks later, in Week 11, on November 20, he had seven receptions for 147 yards against the Tennessee Titans. The next week, he had another great day with had 10 receptions for 120 yards and a touchdown against the Minnesota Vikings. The Vikings game started a stretch for White with four straight games with a touchdown. On December 4, he had four receptions for 51 yards and a touchdowns against the Houston Texans. On December 11, he had seven receptions for 84 yards and a touchdown against the Carolina Panthers. The streak continued on December 15, 2011, when he had 10 receptions for 135 yards and two touchdowns against the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 15. On December 26, he had 11 receptions for 127 yards and against the New Orleans Saints. He closed out the 2011 regular season with 69 yards against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on New Year's Day.

paragraph: In the 2011 season, White started in all 16 games. He recorded 100 receptions for 1,296 yards and eight touchdowns.

paragraph: White had five receptions for 52 yards in the 24-2 loss to the New York Giants in the . On January 11, 2012 White was added to the NFC Pro Bowl Roster replacing Detroit Lions wide receiver Calvin Johnson due to a sore Achilles tendon.

paragraph: In 2011, White broke the Falcons all-time receiving yards record.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2012 season.

paragraph: In the 2012 season, White appeared in all 16 games and started 15.

paragraph: On September 9, 2012, in the season opener, he had six receptions for 87 yards against the Kansas City Chiefs. The next week, he had eight receptions for 102 yards and his first touchdown of the season against the Denver Broncos. On September 30, he had eight receptions for 169 yards and two touchdowns against the Carolina Panthers. On November 4, he had the first of three straight weeks with 100+ receiving yards with seven receptions for 118 yards against the Dallas Cowboys. On November 11, he had seven receptions for 114 yards against the New Orleans Saints. On November 18, he continued the streak with eight receptions for 123 yards and against the Arizona Cardinals. He picked it back up in Week 14, with nine receptions for 117 yards and a touchdown against the Carolina Panthers. On December 22, in Week 15, he had eight receptions for 153 yards and two touchdowns against the Detroit Lions. He closed out his 2012 regular season on December 30 with had five receptions for 42 yards against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

paragraph: White and the Falcons made the playoffs in the 2012 season. In the against the Seattle Seahawks, he had five receptions for 76 yards and a touchdown as the Falcons won 30–28. In the against the San Francisco 49ers, he had seven receptions for 100 yards as the Falcons fell 28–24.

paragraph: Overall, he recorded 92 receptions for 1,351 yards and seven touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2013 season.

paragraph: During the 2013 season, White was dealing with an ankle injury and a hamstring injury, which caused him to get off to a very slow start. Over the first five games of the season, he only recorded 14 receptions for 129 yards combined. In Week 7, White missed the first game in his nine-year NFL career ending his streak of playing in 133 straight games. On November 17, he had three receptions for 36 yards and his first touchdown of the season against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On December 1, in Week 13, he had with 10 receptions for a season-high 143 yards against the Buffalo Bills. On December 23, in Week 16, he had 12 receptions for 141 yards and a touchdown against the San Francisco 49ers. On December 29, he closed out the regular season with eight receptions for 91 yards and a touchdown against the Carolina Panthers as the Falcons finished with a 4-12 record.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2014 season.

paragraph: On July 24, 2014, White signed a contract extension worth $30 million over four years.

paragraph: In the season opener on September 7, he had five receptions for 72 yards and a touchdown against the New Orleans Saints. On October 19, in Week 7, he had nine receptions for 100 yards and a touchdown against the Baltimore Ravens. On November 16, he had eight receptions for 75 yards and a touchdown against the Carolina Panthers. He joined the 10,000-yard receiving club in the game. On December 28, he closed out the regular season with eight receptions for 104 yards against the Carolina Panthers as the Falcons finished with a 6-10 record.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2015 season.

paragraph: In the 2015 season, White started in all 16 games in what was his final NFL season.

paragraph: In the season opener on September 14 on "Monday Night Football", he had four receptions for 84 yards against the Philadelphia Eagles. On October 15, in Week 6, he had three receptions for 23 yards and a touchdown against the New Orleans Saints. The touchdown against the Saints was the last of White's NFL career. After that game, he broke 50 yards receiving only twice. On January 3, 2016, in the final game of his NFL career, he had a reception for 10 yards against the New Orleans Saints.

paragraph: He had 43 receptions for 506 yards and one touchdown. His yardage and reception totals were his fewest since his second season in the NFL in 2006.

paragraph: On March 2, 2016, White was released by the Falcons.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Retirement.

paragraph: After not playing at all in the 2016 season, White officially announced his retirement from the NFL on April 14, 2017. On June 12, 2017, White retired as an Atlanta Falcon.

paragraph: On June 24, 2017, White and Michael Vick were both honored by the Falcons with a retirement ceremony.

paragraph: On June 11, 2019, the Falcons announced that White will be inducted into the Falcons Ring of Honor. He will be officially inducted on December 8, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Falcons franchise records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receiving yards in a half (185)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most career receiving yards (10,863)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receptions in a playoff game (11)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most seasons with 1,000 yards (6)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receiving touchdowns in a career (63)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receptions in a career (808)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most career starts for a wide receiver (149)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most games played as a wide receiver (171)

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: White is the father of five children.

paragraph: His half-brother, Tyrone Moore Jr., was shot dead outside the Lake House Club nightclub in James Island, South Carolina on May 18, 2014. White currently coaches wide receivers at Johns Creek High School in Johns Creek, Georgia.

paragraph: Section::::Controversy.

paragraph: In 2007, White was fined $10,000 by the NFL for displaying a shirt in support of Michael Vick who was at the time serving a prison sentence for a criminal conviction related to dog fighting.

paragraph: At the conclusion of the 2013 George Zimmerman trial, White was upset with the verdict of not guilty, and he posted several controversial statements on Twitter, including "Fucking Zimmerman got away with murder today wow what kind of world do we live in". He received the most backlash for the following tweet: "All them jurors should go home tonight and kill themselves for letting a grown man get away with killing a kid". After a few hours, he complained that "people on Twitter want me to get in trouble for a tweet", but he apologized the next day.

paragraph: In 2014, White was criticized for reneging on a public bet he tweeted regarding a Duke win in the 2014 NCAA basketball championship. White had promised season tickets, front row at the 50-yard line. When White lost the bet, he offered a ticket to a Bears game instead. White later upheld his end of the deal and more, including two Super Bowl tickets stating, "We have talked about it for days while people were just speculating. And being a father, you have to be responsible for your actions."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of NCAA major college football yearly receiving leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Foundation Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atlanta Falcons bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Roddy White

wikipedia_title: Roddy White


text:
botanist
Esslingen am Neckar
natural sciences
ETH Zurich
geologist
Albert Heim
Carl Eduard Cramer
Oswald Heer
phytogeography
phytosociology
synecology
Charles Flahault
Friedrich Gottlieb Stebler
forage crop
Johann Jakob Früh
moorland

categories: People from Esslingen am Neckar,Swiss phytogeographers,Swiss botanists,1855 births

paragraph: Carl Joseph Schröter

paragraph: Carl Joseph Schröter (19 December 1855 – 7 February 1939) was a Swiss botanist born in Esslingen am Neckar, Germany.

paragraph: From 1874 he studied natural sciences at "Eidgenössische Polytechnische Schule" (ETH Zurich), where one of his early influences was geologist Albert Heim (1849–1937). Following his habilitation in 1878, he worked as an assistant to Carl Eduard Cramer (1831–1901). In 1883 he succeeded Oswald Heer (1809–1883) as professor of botany at ETH Zurich, a position he kept until 1926.

paragraph: Schröter was a pioneer in the fields of phytogeography and phytosociology. He introduced the concept of "autecology" to explain the relationship of an individual plant with its external environment, and "synecology" to express relationships between plant communities and external influences.

paragraph: In 1910 with Charles Flahault (1852–1935), he released "Rapport sur la nomenclature phytogéographique" (Reports on phytogeographical nomenclature), and with Friedrich Gottlieb Stebler (1852-1935), he was co-author of "Die besten Futterpflanzen", etc. (1883–1884), a work involving forage crop cultivation and economics. It was later translated into English, and published with the title, "The best forage plants: fully described and figured with a complete account of their cultivation, economic value, impurities and adulterants, &c" (1889). With geographer Johann Jakob Früh, he was co-author of a book on Swiss moorlands, titled "Die Moore der Schweiz : mit Berücksichtigung der gesamten Moorfrage" (1904).

alias:
Schröt.
Carl Joseph Schroeter

description: Swiss botanist

wikidata_label: Carl Joseph Schröter

wikipedia_title: Carl Joseph Schröter


text: water color

text: draughtsman

text: lithographer

text: George Scharf

text: Henry Scharf

text: Neue Pinakothek

text: Eugène de Beauharnais

text: Alois Senefelder

text: Low Countries

text: Battle of Waterloo

text: Bois de Boulogne

text: British Museum

text: Rudolph Ackermann

text: Royal Academy

text: Henry De la Beche

text: Duria Antiquior

text: deep time

text: Charles Darwin

text: George Scharf

text: Henry Scharf

text: British Museum

text: Art Review: George Scharf's London

text: Westminster Elections, Covent Garden

categories: 1788 births,Artists from London,1860 deaths

paragraph: George Johann Scharf

paragraph: George Johann Scharf (1788–1860) was a water color painter, draughtsman and lithographer, and father of Sir George Scharf and Henry Scharf. He exhibited his paintings at the Royal Academy from 1817 to 1850, and was a member of the New Society of Painters in Water Colours.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: George Scharf was born in Bavaria in 1788. After receiving little formal education, he went to Munich in 1804 where he studied for a time under Professor Hauber and copied pictures in the Pinakothek (Neue Pinakothek). King Maximilian noticed the young artist and purchased his copy of a portrait of Prince Eugène de Beauharnais. After working for a few years as a miniature painter and drawing master, Scharf learned the technique of lithography, which had been recently invented by his fellow countryman Alois Senefelder. Scharf left Germany and wandered for five years in France and the Low Countries. Caught up in the siege of Antwerp in 1814, Scharf escaped and joined the English army, where he was appointed lieutenant of baggage in the engineer department. In this capacity he was present at the Battle of Waterloo and accompanied the allied armies to Paris. While there, he drew some views of the Bois de Boulogne. Advised to try his fortune in England, Scharf left on New Year's Day 1816 and came to London, where he became a successful illustrator of ordinary life in England.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Life in England.

paragraph: After Scharf arrived in London, he married Elizabeth Hicks, his landlady's sister, and lived in a house on St. Martin's Lane. At the time, London was a thriving center for lithography, and Scharf was able to make a respectable living off his topographical views and genre scenes, which were easily transformed into prints. Although George Scharf's life has not been as well-documented as that of his son, he has left to posterity over a thousand drawings, watercolours and lithographs that chronicle London life in the first half of the 19th Century. Most of these works are stored in the British Museum. It was Scharf's ambition to be "taken seriously as a ‘gentleman’ artist rather than as the ‘artisan’ printmaker on which his fame rests today.

paragraph: During his first years in London, Scharf concentrated on drawing historic events, such as the Westminster Elections of 1818. He then branched out, creating genre images of daily life for German publishers who had settled in London, such as Rudolph Ackermann,< and illustrations for a number of London's scientific institutions, such as the Zoological and Geological Societies and the Royal College of Surgeons. Many examples of his skill are contained in the Transactions of the Geological Society and the works of Dr Buckland, Sir Richard Owen, and Professor Sedgwick. He also painted many diagrams of scientific and antiquarian subjects. In 1817, he sent four portraits to the Royal Academy, and from 1826 was a frequent exhibitor, chiefly of topographical views both at the academy and with the New Society of Painters in Water Colours, of which he was elected a member in 1833. In 1830 Scharf made a lithographic print based on Henry De la Beche's "Duria Antiquior" watercolour, which is credited as being the first scene of prehistoric life from deep time to be widely circulated.

paragraph: His drawings brought him into contact with Charles Darwin, who commissioned Scharf for a series of illustrations of fossil bones from South America. But the two men had a falling out, for Darwin felt that Sharf's price was too high and that he was being "ripped off." After this event, Scharf's future commissions with scientific institutions began to dry up, and in his last years, Sharf struggled to sell his work.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Scharf died at 29 Great George Street, Westminster, on 11 November 1860, and was buried in the Brompton cemetery. He was survived by his wife Elizabeth Hicks, who lived until 1869, and two sons, George, afterwards Sir George Scharf, and Henry Scharf. After his death Scharf's wife sold over a thousand of his drawings and watercolours to the British Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions at the Royal Academy.

paragraph: This information was taken from "The Royal Academy of Arts; a complete dictionary of contributors and their work from its foundation in 1769 to 1904"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Review: George Scharf's London

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir John Soane's Museum Newsletter, Spring 2009, p 3-5

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Scharf, Chronicler of 19th Century London

paragraph: Section::::Paintings and Illustrations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Base of the Skull of Toxodos Platensis, 1832–36

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Gallery of New Society of Painters, Victoria & Albert Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Westmacott Lecturing at Somerset House, Royal Academy of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Westminster Elections, Covent Garden

paragraph: BULLET::::- Images from the 2009 Sir John Soane museum exhibit

paragraph: BULLET::::- Digital Image Collections at the John Carter Brown Library

alias:
George Sharf
George, the elder Scharf
George, le vieux Sharf
George Scharf the Elder
George, I Scharf
George Scharf
Georg Scharf

description: painter, draughtsman and lithographer

wikidata_label: George Johann Scharf

wikipedia_title: George Johann Scharf


text:
Lakhmids
al-Nu'man II ibn al-Aswad
Abu Ya'fur ibn Alqama
Lakhmid
Anastasian War
Palaestina Salutaris
Arabia Petraea
Euphrates
Egypt
Najd
Maadi Karb
Himyarite
war
Byzantine Empire
Iran
Justinian I
Nonnosus
Simeon of Beth Arsham
Arzona
Nisibis
Apamea
Chalcedon
Antioch
al-Uzza
Yawm Halima
Ghassanids
Al-Harith ibn Jabalah
'Amr III
Qabus
al-Mundhir IV

categories: People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars,Monarchs killed in action,Generals of Khosrow I,Lakhmids,Year of birth unknown,6th-century Arabs,Iberian War,Anastasian War,554 deaths,Vassal rulers of the Sasanian Empire,People of the Sasanian Empire of Arab descent,6th-century monarchs in the Middle East

paragraph: Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man

paragraph: Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man (), also known as Al-Mundhir ibn Imri' al-Qays () (died 554) was the king of the Lakhmids in 503/505–554.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His mother's name was Mawia bint Awf bin Geshem. The son of al-Nu'man II ibn al-Aswad, he succeeded his father either immediately upon his death in 503 or after a short interregnum by Abu Ya'fur ibn Alqama. He is one of the most renowned Lakhmid kings, and is known for his military achievements. These started before he was crowned a king, during the Anastasian War, with a raid in Palaestina Salutaris and Arabia Petraea in the year 503, capturing a large number of Romans. Mundhir's raids covered the area between Euphrates from the east up to Egypt in the west and Najd southward, where in 516 he engaged in a battle with Maadi Karb the Himyarite king.

paragraph: In 526 a war between Byzantine Empire and Iran began, and Mundhir attacked Syria, ravaging it. Two Roman high-ranking commanders were captured, Timostratus and John. This caused Justinian I to send al-Mundhir an embassy for peace consisting of Abraham son of Euphrasius (his son is Nonnosus the historian) and Simeon of Beth Arsham. They were joined by Sergius of Rasafa (who was later sent by Justinian with gifts to al-Mundhir). In 528 al-Mundhir attacked Syria and returned with much booty. The next year (529) he renewed his attacks, firstly taking all the area of frontiers which was Khabour. Afterwards, he marched towards Arzona and Nisibis spoiling and ravaging the cities before continuing to Apamea and Chalcedon. Al-Mundhir was unable to conquer Antioch because Justinian dispatched a large army to protect it. Al-Mundhir returned with much booty, among them 400 nuns, whom he burnt to the goddess al-Uzza.

paragraph: Al-Mundhir was killed in the battle of Yawm Halima with the Ghassanids under Al-Harith ibn Jabalah in June 554. He was succeeded by his three sons, 'Amr III (r. 554–569), Qabus (r. 569–573) and al-Mundhir IV (r. 574–580).

alias:
Mundhir III
Al-Mundhir ibn Imru' al-Qays

description: king of the Lakhmids

wikidata_label: Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man

wikipedia_title: Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man


text: French-speaking

text: mystic

text: The Mirror of Simple Souls

text: Christian mysticism

text: agape

text: heresy

text: Paris

text: medieval mysticism

text: beguine mystical writing

text: Heresy of the Free Spirit

text: Eckhart

text: women's writing

text: County of Hainaut

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: beguine movement

text: Bishop of Cambrai

text: William of Paris

text: Godfrey of Fontaines

text: Nicholas of Lyra

text: Beghard

text: Place de Grève

text: Guillaume de Nangis

text: Council of Vienne

text: God

text: courtly love

text: Boethian

text: Romance of the Rose

text: Eckhart

text: John the Evangelist

text: New Testament

text: John of the Cross

text: Ascent of Mount Carmel

text: Catholic Church

text: Old French

text: Latin

text: John of Ruusbroec

text: Franciscans

text: Dominicans

text: Philip IV of France

text: Knights Templar

text: Middle Ages

text: Hildegard of Bingen

text: Catherine of Siena

text: Bridget of Sweden

text: Julian of Norwich

text: Brethren of the Free Spirit

text: antinomian

text: Mechthild of Magdeburg

text: Hadewijch

text: Anne Carson

text: The Mirror of Simple Souls

text: Sappho

text: Simone Weil

text: Antinomianism

text: Anne Carson

text: Hildegard of Bingen

text: Julian of Norwich

text: Margery Kempe

text: Sister Catherine Treatise

text: ISBN 9780812224115

categories: 13th-century writers,14th-century Christian mystics,14th-century women,14th-century women writers,People excommunicated by the Catholic Church,Executed French women,13th-century Christian mystics,1310 deaths,Year of birth missing,Beguines and Beghards,People executed for heresy,14th-century writers,13th-century women writers,Roman Catholic mystics,13th-century women,Executed French people,People executed by France by burning

paragraph: Marguerite Porete

paragraph: Marguerite Porete ( 13th century – 1 June 1310) was a French-speaking mystic and the author of "The Mirror of Simple Souls", a work of Christian mysticism dealing with the workings of agape (divine love). She was burnt at the stake for heresy in Paris in 1310 after a lengthy trial, refusing to remove her book from circulation or recant her views.

paragraph: Today, Porete's work has been of interest to a diverse number of scholars. Those interested in medieval mysticism, and more specifically beguine mystical writing, cite "The Mirror of Simple Souls" in their studies. The book is also seen as a primary text regarding the medieval Heresy of the Free Spirit. Study of Eckhart has shown a similarity between his and Porete's ideas about union with God. Porete has also been of interest to those studying medieval women's writing.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Porete's life is recorded only in accounts of her trial for heresy, at which she was condemned to be burnt at the stake. Porete's biography is probably biased and certainly incomplete. She was said to come from the County of Hainaut, a French-speaking principality in the Holy Roman Empire, though this is uncertain. Her high level of education means she is likely to have had upper-class origins. She is associated with the beguine movement and was therefore able to travel fairly freely.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Trial and death.

paragraph: Marguerite appears to have written the first version of her book in the 1290s. Sometime between 1296 and 1306 it was deemed heretical, and the Bishop of Cambrai condemned it to be publicly burned in her presence at Valenciennes. One of the taboos Porete had broken was writing the book in Old French rather than in Latin and she was ordered not to circulate her ideas or the book again. Nevertheless, she continued to do so. It has recently been suggested that she was caught in Châlons-en-Champagne in 1308, after she gave her book to the local bishop. She was then handed to the Inquisitor of France, the Dominican William of Paris, also known as William of Humbert) on grounds of heresy, in spite of claims in the book that she had consulted three church authorities about her writings, including the highly respected Master of Theology Godfrey of Fontaines, and gained their approval. Marguerite refused to speak to William of Paris or any of her inquisitors during her imprisonment and trial. In 1310 a commission of twenty-one theologians investigated a series of fifteen propositions drawn from the book (only three of which are securely identifiable today), judging them heretical. Among those who condemned the book were the ecclesiastical textual scholar, Nicholas of Lyra.

paragraph: Three Bishops passed final judgement upon her.

paragraph: Porete had been arrested with a Beghard, Guiard de Cressonessart, who was also put on trial for heresy. Guiard declared himself to be Porete's defender. After being held in prison in Paris for a year and a half, their trial began. Guiard, under tremendous pressure, eventually confessed and was found guilty. Porete, on the other hand, refused to recant her ideas, withdraw her book or cooperate with the authorities, refusing to take the oath required by the Inquisitor to proceed with the trial. Guiard, because he confessed, was imprisoned. Porete, because she did not, was found guilty and sentenced to be burnt at the stake as a relapsed heretic. Porete died on 1 June 1310 in Paris at the Place de Grève.

paragraph: The Inquisitor spoke of her as a "pseudo-mulier" "fake woman" and described the Mirror as 'filled with errors and heresies.' A record of the trial was appended to the chronicle begun by Guillaume de Nangis; despite the negative view taken towards Marguerite by Nangis, the chronicle reports that the crowd was moved to tears by the calmness of how she faced her end.

paragraph: After her death extracts from the book were cited in the bull "Ad Nostrum", issued by the Council of Vienne in 1311, to condemn the Free Spirit movement as heretical.

paragraph: Section::::"The Mirror of Simple Souls".

paragraph: The title of Porete's book refers to the simple soul which is united with God and has no will other than God's own. Some of the language, as well as the format of a dialogue between characters such as Love, Virtue and the Soul, reflects a familiarity with the style of courtly love which was popular at the time, and attests to Porete's high level of education and sophistication.

paragraph: Much of the book resembles a rational Boethian style argument between several parties, but also works similarly to the medieval French poem, the "Romance of the Rose". Writing in beautifully elegant, flowing poetic prose and occasionally poetry, Marguerite ultimately says that the Soul must give up Reason, whose logical, conventional grasp of reality cannot fully comprehend God and the presence of Divine Love. The "Annihilated Soul" is one that has given up everything but God through Love. For Porete, when the Soul is truly full of God's Love it is united with God and thus in a state of union which causes it to transcend the contradictions of this world. In such a beatific state it cannot sin because it is wholly united with God's Will and thus incapable of acting in such a way - a phenomenon which the standard theology describes as the effect of Divine grace, which suppresses a person's sinful nature. In fact, one of the main targets of her book is to teach to readers or listeners how to get this simple state though devices, for instance images. It is in this vision of Man being united with God through Love, thus returning to its source, and the presence of God in everything that she connects in thought with the ideas of Eckhart. Porete and Eckhart had acquaintances in common and there is much speculation as to whether they ever met or had access to each other's work.

paragraph: In many ways Porete's vision is the highest expression of the words of John the Evangelist in the New Testament:

paragraph: Porete herself references these in her own writing:

paragraph: Porete's vision of the Soul in ecstatic union with God, moving in a state of perpetual joy and peace, is a repetition of the Catholic doctrine of the Beatific Vision, albeit experienced in this life and not in the next. Where Porete ran into trouble with some authorities was in her description of the Soul in this state being above the worldly dialectic of conventional morality and the teachings and control of the earthly church. Porete argues that the Soul in such a sublime state is above the demands of ordinary virtue, not because virtue is not needed but because in its state of union with God virtue becomes automatic. As God can do no evil and cannot sin, the exalted/Annihilated soul, in perfect union with Him, no longer is capable of evil or sin. Although this concept is found in the catechism, certain Church authorities nevertheless claimed that it smacked of amorality.

paragraph: Two hundred years later, John of the Cross expressed an almost identical view of the nature of the Soul's union with God in his "Ascent of Mount Carmel", that once united with God, the Soul's will becomes that of God, However, John was not denounced as a heretic. Although "The Mirror" is now embraced as an important piece of Christian mysticism it is unlikely Porete will ever enjoy the renown or acceptance John now receives from the Catholic Church.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The book was originally written in Old French, but was translated into Latin, Italian, and Middle English and circulated widely. In spite of its reputation as a heretical work it remained popular in Medieval times and in some ecclesiastical centres was embraced as an almost canonical piece of theology.

paragraph: After Porete's death, however, the "Mirror" was circulated as an anonymous work, Porete's name having been struck from it. Curiously, as an anonymous work it caused less controversy and in some instances was embraced as an acceptable part of Christian literature and thought (at one point it was thought that John of Ruusbroec had written it). This perhaps says something interesting about the complexities surrounding the nature of the book and the way it was received in its day. It is possible that Porete's femininity or the timing of the "Mirror"s publication at the height of the Free Spirit controversy lent weight to its persecution.

paragraph: Only in 1946 was the authorship of the "Mirror" recognised again, when Romana Guarnieri identified Latin manuscripts of the "Mirror" in the Vatican as the supposedly lost book of Marguerite. The Middle French manuscript of the text, probably made after 1370, was published for the first time in 1965.

paragraph: Section::::Assessment.

paragraph: There is much speculation as to why Porete became such a target and why so much effort was made to put her on trial (the number of consultants gathered to draw up the case against her was unprecedented). Growing hostility to the Beguine movement among Franciscans and Dominicans, the political machinations of Philip IV of France, who was also busy suppressing the Knights Templar, ecclesiastical fear at the spread of the anti-hierarchical Free Spirit movement have all been suggested, as has the popularity of Porete's book which gave her a profile other writers did not have.

paragraph: There were numerous female mystics of the Middle Ages who claimed direct mystical contact with God, some working from within the framework of the Church, some not; and yet most — such as Hildegard of Bingen, Catherine of Siena, Bridget of Sweden, Julian of Norwich, etc. — were not viewed as suspect. Nevertheless, the leader of her trial, the Dominican Inquisitor William of Paris gathered together a formidable array of academics and lawyers to assess the case against Porete.

paragraph: Some also associated her with the Brethren of the Free Spirit, a group which was considered heretical because of their antinomian views. The connection between Porete and the Free Spirits is somewhat tenuous, though, as further scholarship has determined that they were less closely related than some Church authorities believed.

paragraph: Porete’s status as one of the greatest of Medieval Mystics has grown in recent decades, placing her alongside Mechthild of Magdeburg and Hadewijch as one of the most visionary exponents of the Love Mysticism of Beguine spirituality.

paragraph: In 2006 poet Anne Carson wrote a poetic libretto entitled "Decreation", the second part of which takes as its subject Marguerite Porete and her work, "The Mirror of Simple Souls" as part of exploration of how women (Sappho, Simone Weil and Porete) "tell God."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antinomianism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Carson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hildegard of Bingen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julian of Norwich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margery Kempe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sister Catherine Treatise

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Field, Sean L. "The Master and Marguerite: Godfrey of Fontaines' praise of The Mirror of Simple Souls," "Journal of Medieval History", 35,2 (2009), 136-149.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Field, Sean L. "The Beguine, the Angel, and the Inquisitor: The Trials of Marguerite Porete and Guiard of Cressonessart" (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2012).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sean L. Field, Robert E. Lerner, Sylvain Piron (dir.), "Marguerite Porete et le “Miroir des simples âmes”: Perspectives historiques, philosophiques et littéraires", Paris, Vrin, 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Frassetto, "Marguerite Porete: Mysticism, Beguines and Heretics of the Free Spirit," in idem, "Heretic Lives: Medieval Heresy from Bogomil and the Cathars to Wyclif and Hus" (London, Profile Books, 2007), 135-150.

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. García Acosta, "Poética de la visibilidad en el Mirouer des simples ames de Marguerite Porete (Un estudio sobre el uso de la imagen en la enseñanza religiosa medieval)", Universidad Pompeu Fabra, 2009 .

paragraph: BULLET::::- S. [Zan] Kocher, "Allegories of Love in Marguerite Porete’s 'Mirror of Simple Souls'." Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2009. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. Lahav, "Marguerite Porete and the Predicament of her Preaching in Fourteenth Century France," in Laurence Lux-Sterritt and Carmen Mangion (eds), "Gender, Catholicism and Spirituality: Women and the Roman Catholic Church in Britain and Europe, 1200-1900" (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard McGinn, "The Flowering of Mysticism", (1998), pp. 244–265.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miller, Tanya Stabler. “What’s in a Name? Clerical Representations of Parisian Beguines, 1200-1327,” The Journal of Medieval History, 33:1 (2007): 60-86.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miller, Tanya Stabler. The Beguines of Medieval Paris: Gender, Patronage, and Spiritual Authority (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014) ISBN 9780812224115

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite Porete, "The Mirror of Simple Souls", ed. Ellen Babinsky. Paulist Press, 1993. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. M. Robinson, "Nobility and Annihilation in Marguerite Porete's 'Mirror of Simple Souls'." SUNY Press, 2001. . .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swan, Laura, "The Wisdom of the Beguines: the Forgotten Story of a Medieval Women's Movement", BlueBridge, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Verdeyen, "Marguerete Porete: Le Mirouer des Simples Ames", CCCM 69, (Turnholt: Brepols, 1986) [contains the text of the one surviving Middle French manuscript, and an edition of the Latin text]

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Bibliography on Marguerite Porete

description: French poet

wikidata_label: Marguerite Porete

wikipedia_title: Marguerite Porete


text:
Russian
geographer
statistician
Russian Geographical Society
Saint Petersburg University
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Petrashevsky Circle
geology
Berlin
Alexander Humboldt
Carl Ritter
Tian Shan
Barnaul
Altay Mountains
Issyk Kul
Tengri Tag
Khan Tengri
volcanic
Nicholas II of Russia
statistics
census
Russian Empire
State Council of Imperial Russia
Dutch masters
Hermitage Museum
dissipated by the Soviets
learned societies
Russian Geographical Society
Nikolai Przhevalsky
Pyotr Kozlov
Andrey Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky
Эрмитаж чествует Семенова-Тян-Шанского

categories: Imperial Russian geographers,Russian art collectors,1827 births,Members of the State Council of the Russian Empire,Imperial Russian explorers,Imperial Russian statisticians,Russian entomologists,Honorary Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences,Explorers of Central Asia,1914 deaths

paragraph: Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky

paragraph: Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky () (2 January "", 1827 – 26 February "", 1914) was a Russian geographer and statistician who managed the Russian Geographical Society for more than 40 years.

paragraph: Pyotr Semenov was born into a noble family and studied at Saint Petersburg University. Together with Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Semenov attended secret meetings of the "Petrashevsky Circle" (a literary discussion group of progressive-minded commoner-intellectuals in St. Petersburg). During the 1850s he studied geography and geology in Berlin under Alexander Humboldt and Carl Ritter, whose writings he translated into Russian.

paragraph: On Humboldt's suggestion, Semenov determined to explore the largely unknown mountains of the Tian Shan. In 1856, he set off from Barnaul on his first expedition, passing through the Altay Mountains and visiting Lake Issyk Kul on his way. In 1857, he returned to the Tian Shan, exploring the interior of this hitherto unknown mountain range. Semenov was the first European to see the scenic panorama of the Tengri Tag, and its most beautiful peak, the colossal Khan Tengri.

paragraph: One of his most interesting discoveries was to disprove Humboldt's earlier claims about Tian Shan's supposed volcanic origins. Semenov found no evidence of volcanic activity anywhere in the mountains.

paragraph: The next year, he published the first systematic description of the Tian Shan. The reputation of this monograph was such that half a century later Nicholas II of Russia authorized him to add the epithet "Tian-Shansky" (that is, "of Tian Shan") to his last name.

paragraph: Semenov also became interested in statistics and did his best to advance this discipline in Russia. He served as Chairman of the Central Committee for Statistics from 1864 until 1874, when it was transformed into the Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Interior, of which he remained Chairman until 1891. It was largely due to his efforts that the first census of the Russian Empire was held in 1897. The same year, he was made a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia.

paragraph: During his frequent visits to Switzerland, Italy, and France, Semenov—a man of considerable fortune—amassed a collection of old Dutch masters, which later passed to the Hermitage Museum and was dissipated by the Soviets. His insect collection consisted of ca. 700,000 specimens, while more than a hundred new species were named after him. Semenov was a member of 53 learned societies and managed the Russian Geographical Society from 1873 until his death, using this position to encourage the exploration of inland Asia, notably by Nikolai Przhevalsky and Pyotr Kozlov.

paragraph: Semenov's memoirs were published after his death in four volumes. Several of his descendants, including a son, Andrey Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, continued his work and became scientists of note.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Semenov, Petr Petrovitch. "Travels in the Tian'-Shan' 1856-1857". Trans. by Liudmila Gilmour, Colin Thomas and Marcus Wheeler. Edited and annotated by Colin Thomas. The Hakluyt Society, London. (1998). .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Эрмитаж чествует Семенова-Тян-Шанского

alias:
Pjotr Petrovitsj Semjonov-Tjan-Sjanski
P. von Semeonoff
Pyotr Petrovich Semenov
Piotr Petrovitch von Semeonoff
P. Semeonoff-Tianshanski
Pyotr Semenov
P.P. Semyanov
Семёнов-Тян-Шанский
P.P. Semenov
P.P. Séménof

description: Russian geographer, art collector and statistician

wikidata_label: Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky

wikipedia_title: Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky


text:
Turkish
folk hero
Erzurum
Russian
Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
Turkish folklore
Erzurum
Aziziye
Battle of Erzurum (1877)
World War I
battle of Gallipoli
Turkish war of independence
Ismet Inonu
Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
Mother's Day
pneumonia
Türkan Şoray
Kadir İnanır
Nene Hatun biography
Nene Natun's letter to President Inonu

categories: 1857 births,Women of the Ottoman Empire in warfare,Turkish folklore,Women in 19th-century warfare,1955 deaths,Women in war in the Middle East,19th-century people of the Ottoman Empire,20th-century Turkish people,Turkish women in warfare,20th-century people of the Ottoman Empire,Women in European warfare,Ottoman people of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78),People from Erzurum

paragraph: Nene Hatun

paragraph: Nene Hatun (1857 – 22 May 1955) was a Turkish folk heroine, who became known for fighting against Russian forces during the recapture of Fort Aziziye in Erzurum from Russian forces at the start of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.

paragraph: Section::::Turkish historiography.

paragraph: According to Turkish folklore, she had been living in a neighborhood of Erzurum called Aziziye that was close to an important fortification defending the city. On the night of 7 November 1877, Nene Hatun's brother Hasan, who was heavily wounded, died. Fort Aziziye was captured by the Russian army on the evening of 9 November. In the morning when the news of the Russian capture of Fort of Aziziye was heard, she kissed her dead brother's head and took an oath to avenge his death. She left her three-month-old baby girl and an adolescent son at home, joining the counterattack against Aziziye with her dead brother's rifle and her hatchet. The counter-attack was launched by Turkish civilians who were mostly women and elderly men armed with axes and farming equipment. Hundreds of Turkish civilians were killed by Russian gunfire but their numbers were so overwhelming they managed to enter the fortifications by breaking down its iron doors. A hand-to-hand fight ended with around 2000 Russian soldiers being killed and the rest routed (see:Battle of Erzurum (1877)). Nene Hatun was found unconscious, wounded and her bloodied hands still firmly grasping her hatchet. She was singled out for her heroism and would become a symbol of bravery.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Nene Hatun lived the rest of her life in Aziziye. She lost her husband in the following years and her son Yusuf was killed in World War I during the battle of Gallipoli. After Turkish war of independence she had a difficult life, relying on help given by the local municipality, even sending a letter in 1943 to Turkish president Ismet Inonu asking for reinstatement of her one bread a day allowance. American General Ridgway visited her in 1952 and when he asked her if she could join a new war she told him "of course I will." In 1954 she was remembered as the last survivor of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and was visited by General Baransel, commander of the 3rd Turkish army, and from then until her death she was known as the "Mother of the Third Army". She was named as "Mother of the Mothers" on the Mother's Day in 1955. She died of pneumonia on 22 May 1955 at the age of 98 and was laid to rest in the martyrs' cemetery at Fort Aziziye.

paragraph: Section::::Nene Hatun in film.

paragraph: Nene Hatun was depicted in the 1973 Turkish movie "Gazi kadin (Nene hatun)" starring Türkan Şoray and Kadir İnanır. Another movie titled "Nene Hatun" was released in 2010

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nene Hatun biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nene Natun's letter to President Inonu

description: Turkish National Hero

wikidata_label: Nene Hatun

wikipedia_title: Nene Hatun


text:
Oda Nobutada
Oda Nobunaga
Incident at Honnō-ji
Oda clan
Oda Nobutaka
Oda Nobukatsu
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Ishida Mitsunari
Battle of Sekigahara
Gifu Castle
Battle of Gifu Castle
Ikeda Terumasa
Fukushima Masanori
seppuku
Sōfuku-ji
Gifu

categories: 1605 deaths,Samurai,Oda clan,1580 births

paragraph: Oda Hidenobu

paragraph: Section::::Succession dispute.

paragraph: When Oda Nobutada and Oda Nobunaga, Hidenobu's father and grandfather, respectively, were killed during the Incident at Honnō-ji in 1582, there was a dispute as to who would rule the Oda clan between Oda Nobutaka and Oda Nobukatsu, the third and second sons of Nobunaga respectively. Toyotomi Hideyoshi settled the dispute by supporting Hidenobu. Though Hidenobu was only an infant, he was declared the heir.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Sekigahara.

paragraph: Hidenobu followed in serving under Ishida Mitsunari during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Before the battle, he had controlled Gifu Castle, an important element in Mitsunari’s overall plans; however, he ended up losing the castle during the Battle of Gifu Castle against Ikeda Terumasa and Fukushima Masanori. After losing at Sekigahara, Hidenobu's vassals committed "seppuku" in Gifu Castle. The blood-stained floorboards eventually became the ceiling in Sōfuku-ji in Gifu. The ceiling is now called the "Blood Ceiling". Hidenobu himself died five years after the defeat at Sekigahara.

description: the son of Oda Nobutada and lived during the Azuchi-Momoyama period in the late-16th century

wikidata_label: Oda Hidenobu

wikipedia_title: Oda Hidenobu


text:
Exodus
Bonded by Blood
Pleasures of the Flesh
Fabulous Disaster
John Tempesta
Paul Baloff
Gary Holt
Rick Hunolt
Another Lesson in Violence
Steve "Zetro" Souza
Rick Hunolt
Paul Bostaph
Slayer
Dave Lombardo
Testament
Tempo of the Damned
The Atrocity Exhibition... Exhibit A
Let There Be Blood
Blood In, Blood Out
Creedence Clearwater Revival
John Bonham
Led Zeppelin
Keith Moon
The Who
Neil Peart
Rush
Heart
Clive Burr
Iron Maiden

categories: Exodus (American band) members,American heavy metal drummers,Living people,20th-century American drummers,American male drummers,1965 births,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Tom Hunting

paragraph: Thomas "Tom" Hunting (born 11 April 1965) is an American drummer, famous for his work with the band Exodus. He played on their first three albums, "Bonded by Blood", "Pleasures of the Flesh", and "Fabulous Disaster". Hunting later left the band due to illness in 1989 and was replaced by John Tempesta.

paragraph: In 1996, he reunited with Paul Baloff, Gary Holt, Rick Hunolt, and new bassist Jack Gibson for the "Another Lesson in Violence" tour.

paragraph: In 2005, he, along with Steve "Zetro" Souza, and Rick Hunolt left the band. Hunting was replaced with drummer Paul Bostaph, who had left Slayer when Dave Lombardo rejoined the band. Later, in 2007, Hunting rejoined the band when Bostaph left to rejoin Testament. He has said that he is great friends with Bostaph.

paragraph: He is the only original member of the band left, although he departed from the band on two occasions.

paragraph: Since Exodus' reformation in 2001 he has played on five of the six studio albums; "Tempo of the Damned", "The Atrocity Exhibition... Exhibit A", "Let There Be Blood", "" and "Blood In, Blood Out".

paragraph: Hunting has cited Creedence Clearwater Revival, John Bonham (Led Zeppelin), Keith Moon (The Who), Neil Peart (Rush), Michael Derosier (Heart) and Clive Burr (ex-Iron Maiden) as his influences.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Drums (Yamaha):

paragraph: BULLET::::- 22" x 17" Oak Custom Bass Drum

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10" x 8" Oak Custom Tom Tom

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12" x 9" Oak Custom Tom Tom

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16" x 16" Oak Custom Floor Tom

paragraph: BULLET::::- 18" x 16" Oak Custom Floor Tom

paragraph: BULLET::::- 14" x 6.5" Yamaha Maple Snare Drum

paragraph: Cymbals (Meinl):

paragraph: BULLET::::- 14" Mb8 Medium Hi-Hats (Left)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 14" Soundcaster Custom Medium Hi-Hat (right)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 08" Soundcaster Custom Splash

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12" Soundcaster Custom Splash

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16" Mb8 Medium Crash

paragraph: BULLET::::- 17" Mb8 Medium Crash

paragraph: BULLET::::- 18" Mb8 Medium Crash

paragraph: BULLET::::- 17" Mb10 China

paragraph: BULLET::::- 22" Mb20 Heavy Bell Ride

paragraph: -Sticks (2)Vic Firth Extreme 5B

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Tom Hunting

wikipedia_title: Tom Hunting


text: Lieutenant Colonel

text: DSO

text: officer

text: British Army

text: paratroop assault

text: Merville Battery

text: D-Day

text: Cairo

text: Egypt

text: France

text: Rushbrooke

text: County Cork

text: Ireland

text: Thame

text: Buckinghamshire

text: Watford Grammar School

text: whooping cough

text: Dover College

text: Royal Military College, Sandhurst

text: Indian Army

text: Royal Ulster Rifles

text: Gravesend

text: Chatham

text: Crown Prince of Spain

text: Hong Kong

text: P & O

text: Shanghai

text: Rawalpindi

text: India

text: North West Frontier

text: Signals Officer

text: Bovey Tracey

text: Devon

text: Penang

text: Malaya

text: mechanised infantry

text: Major

text: Staff College

text: War Cabinet

text: Royal Ulster Rifles

text: Company Commander

text: 6th Airborne Division

text: Parachute Regiment

text: 9th Battalion

text: Lieutenant Colonel

text: Commanding Officer

text: Normandy landings

text: Merville Gun Battery

text: Le Plein

text: 21st Panzer Division

text: Cardiff

text: War Office

text: Distinguished Service Order

text: 15th (King's) Parachute Battalion

text: 77th Indian Parachute Brigade

text: 2nd Indian Airborne Division

text: Karachi

text: Colonial Development Corporation

text: The Gambia

text: Nyasaland

text: Kemsley Newspapers

text: Empire News

text: Knightsbridge

text: Value Added Tax

text: Outward Bound

text: London Chamber of Commerce

text: The Parachute Regiment

text: Canada

text: Tadworth

text: Surrey

text: Lee Clegg

text: Northern Ireland

text: Merville-Franceville-Plage

text: Normandy

text: France

text: D-Day

text: assault on the battery

text: Raymond Triboulet

text: French Resistance

text: Vivienne Mallock

text: John Howard

text: Bernard Law Montgomery

text: Richard Nelson Gale

text: Legion d'Honneur

text: D-Day: Turning the Tide

text: Maj John Howard

text: Pegasus Bridge

text: BBC

text: D-Day 6 June 1944

text: The 6th Airborne Division in Normandy

text: The Merville Battery museum

text: Obituary in the Telegraph

text: Obituary in the Times

text: Otway Family Tree

text: Imperial War Museum Interview from 1989

text: Imperial War Museum Interview from 1991

categories: Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,British Parachute Regiment officers,Royal Ulster Rifles officers,2006 deaths,People educated at Dover College,Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,People educated at Watford Grammar School for Boys,1914 births,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,British Army personnel of World War II

paragraph: Terence Otway

paragraph: Lieutenant Colonel Terence Brandram Hastings Otway DSO, (15 June 1914 – 23 July 2006) was an officer in the British Army, best known for his role as commander of the paratroop assault on the Merville Battery on D-Day.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Otway was born in Cairo, Egypt on 15 June 1914 at the American Hospital, he returned with the family to England in 1915 where he stayed while his father served in France. From December 1918 to autumn 1921 he lived in Rushbrooke, County Cork, Ireland. The family returned to England where Terence attended the local Council school at Thame, Buckinghamshire, followed by Watford Grammar School. In the last 6 months of 1923, he became severely ill with whooping cough. As a result, on medical advice he was sent to Dover College where the sea air would help lungs that were in a poor state. He was at the Junior school until 1928 and the senior school until 1932.

paragraph: Section::::Early military career.

paragraph: In January 1933, Otway entered the Royal Military College, Sandhurst reaching the rank of Cadet Sergeant and passing out 18th of 200. Although this gave him eligibility to join the Indian Army, he chose the British and, in August 1934, was commissioned into the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Ulster Rifles, based at Gravesend.

paragraph: In the summer of 1935, Otway required a serious middle ear operation at The Royal Naval Hospital, Chatham. During convalescence his pub-crawling companion was the Crown Prince of Spain who was in the next room.

paragraph: In autumn 1935, Otway was posted to 1st Battalion, based in Hong Kong. He travelled by P & O liner to take up his post as Intelligence Officer. In May 1937, he was posted to Hong Kong HQ Cipher staff. In August 1937 he was promoted to Lieutenant and rejoined the battalion who were posted to Shanghai as part of the international force sent to protect the settlement from the Japanese who had invaded China. The battalion suffered four months of constant bombing, shelling and machine-gun fire from the Japanese, losing twenty killed. In December 1937, the battalion was posted to Rawalpindi, then part of India. On return from six weeks leave the battalion was posted to Razani, North West Frontier. Otway was appointed Signals Officer.

paragraph: Section::::Early wartime service.

paragraph: In August 1939, during three months leave, Otway married Stella Whitehead, daughter of Basil Whitehead of Bovey Tracey, Devon, a retired Colonial Police Officer, who had been Chief of Police in Penang, Malaya. Terence and Stella returned to Rawalpindi, but Stella flew home in April 1940, while the battalion returned by sea to Oxford for conversion to mechanised infantry (from the camels, mules and horses they had been using in India.)

paragraph: In December 1940, Otway was promoted to Major. He went to Staff College in June 1941, passing out 4th of 200 in December 1941. During 1942 he served as a Staff Officer in London, responsible for briefings and briefing papers for the War Cabinet. In July 1943 he returned to the Royal Ulster Rifles as a Company Commander. The battalion was part of the 6th Airborne Division.

paragraph: Section::::Normandy.

paragraph: In August 1943, Otway transferred to the Parachute Regiment to become Second-in-Command of the 9th Battalion. In March 1944, he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and took over as Commanding Officer.

paragraph: The Normandy landings - the invasion of Europe took place in June 1944. The 9th were dropped in the night before to secure vital objectives, particularly to neutralise the Merville Gun Battery.

paragraph: In spite of severe problems in the landing, his battalion took the Merville Battery. Otway started with about 750 men, few of whom had seen action before; of the 150 who took part in the attack, 65 had been either killed or wounded by the end of the action, which saved a great many Allied lives.

paragraph: His numerically weak and all but exhausted battalion then pushed into Le Plein, where they encountered stiffening resistance and, despite their depleted numbers, took Château St Come on the ridge, and succeeded in beating off two enemy attacks, each of several hours duration, by a regiment of 21st Panzer Division.

paragraph: Two days later during a routine tour of his positions, a stray shell landed close to Otway. He was diagnosed with severe concussion and on the 19th July 1944 was subsequently evacuated to hospital in Cardiff, then graded unfit for a return to active service, and was posted as a Staff Officer to the War Office.

paragraph: Otway was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in October 1944 for his outstanding leadership in the actions at Merville and Le Plein. The citation for his DSO stated that his utter disregard for personal danger had been an inspiration to all his men.

paragraph: Section::::Service in Asia.

paragraph: He was regraded category 'A' in May 1945 and posted as Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion King's Regiment (Liverpool) (Wingate's Burma Force) in Rawalpindi with instructions to turn them into the 15th (King's) Parachute Battalion, part of 77th Indian Parachute Brigade attached to the 2nd Indian Airborne Division. In September 1945, Terence was appointed GSO1 at Division which was posted to Karachi, where in December Stella and his son, Michael joined him. After one year Terence was posted to the War Office as a GSO1 and the family returned home. His task was to write the official history of "Airborne Forces". Originally restricted, it finally became available to the public in 1990 as "Army Airborne Forces in the Second World War" to mark their 50th anniversary.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war career.

paragraph: Disillusioned with the post-war Army, Otway resigned his commission in January 1948. He joined the Colonial Development Corporation as Assistant General Manager, The Gambia, transferring a year later as a General Manager to Nyasaland. In June 1949 he was invalided back to the UK and banned from further service in the East.

paragraph: Between 1949 and 1965 Otway worked in the area of sales and management, starting by selling life insurance as a learning experience and culminating as General Manager for Kemsley Newspapers (later Thomson Newspapers) and then as Managing Director of the "Empire News", a Sunday paper with a circulation of 5.5 million. After the Thomson take-over Terence resigned over financing requirements of the papers.

paragraph: He started an import/export business specialising in toys and gifts with a shop in Knightsbridge. The business prospered until, in 1965, a change in Value Added Tax law effectively killed it. After a brief period with Outward Bound, Otway joined Scotia Investments Ltd., a public company in the Leisure field, as Administrative Controller in 1966. In 1975, he sensed an impending scandal over misuse of funds and resigned, joining the London Chamber of Commerce with responsibility for membership. He retired in 1979, but retained various connections with business in non-executive directorships.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: During retirement, he continued to remain active particularly in areas relating to the welfare of soldiers and their widows, as well as historical aspects of The Parachute Regiment, especially in respect of monuments in Normandy, France. He became known as 'Colonel X' when fighting for the rights of serviceman's' widows and their pensions. He was instrumental in persuading the Government to change their miserly attitude. In 1991, aged 76, he still had the energy to take up the cases of three guardsmen seriously injured during a training exercise in Canada, publicising the issue and successfully putting pressure on the Government for adequate compensation for the men.

paragraph: In 1995, his health and energy undiminished, he was still pruning branches, perched on a ladder, from a tree in the garden of his home in Tadworth, Surrey, to some consternation of his third wife Jeannie. He was also involved on the fringes in the case for the release of Lee Clegg, a paratrooper imprisoned for murder after a shooting in Northern Ireland at the time of the troubles.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: When he met the German commander of the battery in 1993 he admitted that he did not have the guts to refuse the proferred hand, but said afterwards that he could not forget his men, shot by the Germans as they hung helpless in trees. He shooed away picknickers from the battery, which is now a memorial and museum, declaring: "I don't like people eating and drinking where my men died."

paragraph: The citizens of Merville-Franceville-Plage in Normandy, France, decided to honour Otway by the placing of a bust depicting him at the age of 29 at the time of D-Day and the assault on the battery. This was unveiled in the grounds of the Merville Battery Museum on 7 June 1997 by himself, Raymond Triboulet, a leader of the French Resistance during the war, and Olivier Paz, the Mayor. The bust was sculpted by Vivienne Mallock who had also created busts of John Howard, Bernard Law Montgomery and Richard Nelson Gale. There was a large family gathering to witness the ceremony and twenty-one people sat down to dinner that night at the Moulin du Pre, a local restaurant, converted from a farmhouse, coincidentally the same farmhouse against which Otway landed on the night before D-Day.

paragraph: In 2001, he was awarded the Legion d'Honneur, and more recently had a new road near the battery named after him (Rue Colonel Otway).

paragraph: In 2007 his medals and beret were donated to the Merville Battery Museum by his wife, Jean. Visitors can now see the DSO and Légion d'honneur, along with a description of the battle by Terence taken from a BBC documentary.

paragraph: Section::::Film & Media.

paragraph: For the 50th anniversary, Mark Fielder produced a documentary called 'D-Day: Turning the Tide' in which Charles Wheeler, a D-Day landings veteran, visited the area of the Merville Battery and interviewed some of the protagonists, including Lt. Col. Terence Otway, and Raimund Steiner - the commander of the battery at the time of the assault. The documentary also features Maj John Howard who led the glider-borne attack on Pegasus Bridge.

paragraph: In 2004, for the D-Day 60th Anniversary programming, the BBC commissioned a drama-documentary entitled D-Day 6 June 1944 which included interviews with members of both the Allied and German armed forces, along with dramatisations of some of the key scenes. Terence described the battle, and his character was played by Philip Rham. The film was later released on DVD.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 6th Airborne Division in Normandy

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Merville Battery museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary in the Telegraph

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary in the Times

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otway Family Tree maintained by Mark Otway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roll call: Lieutenant-Colonel Terence B H Otway, DSO

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial War Museum Interview from 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial War Museum Interview from 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- 9th Parachute Battalion Reunion Club Website

description: British Army officer

wikidata_label: Terence Otway

wikipedia_title: Terence Otway


text:
Hydra
Senator
Greek War of Independence
Arvanite
Georgios
Genoa
reals
Pantelis Horn

categories: 19th-century Greek businesspeople,1852 deaths,Recipients of the Order of the Redeemer,19th-century Greek politicians,People from Hydra (island),Greek people of the Greek War of Independence,1769 births,Greek businesspeople in shipping,Members of the Greek Senate

paragraph: Lazaros Kountouriotis

paragraph: Lazaros Kountouriotis (; Hydra 1769 - 6 June 1852 or 12 June 1852) was a Greek Senator of the 1844 Senate and a major actor of the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Hydra in April 1769 to a local Arvanite family, there are many hypotheses regarding his ancestry. After the family moved to Hydra, they adopted the surname "Zervas" which was later dropped when Lazaros' grandfather, Hatzi Georgios Zervas, visited a family friend in the Kountouria region and returned wearing a local to that area dress, adopting the nickname of "Kountouriotis" which eventually replaced the surname.

paragraph: Lazaros' father, Andreas, used the new surname of Kountouriotis and married the daughter of the very influential and rich merchant Lazaros Kokkinis. Lazaros Kountouriotis was the eldest of two children, his younger brother by 13 years was Georgios.

paragraph: At the age of 14, Lazaros became involved in the commercial activities of his father, representing him in Hydra while the elder Kountouriotis as on business in Genoa. After his father's assassination in 1799, Lazaros continued running the family's interests and grew it substantially.

paragraph: Although he was not one of the initial instigators of the revolution, which he considered premature, he supported it fully after it began. At the time, his fortune was estimated to be at least 800,000 reals and he spent 3/4s of it for the revolution.

paragraph: While serving as a Senator and considered as the First Citizen of Greece, he died on 6 June 1852 and a five-day period of national mourning followed.

paragraph: The playwright Pantelis Horn was Lazaros' great-grandson.

description: Greek politician

wikidata_label: Lazaros Kountouriotis

wikipedia_title: Lazaros Kountouriotis