text:
Rhys ap Maredudd
Ystrad Tywi
Edward I of England
William de Briouze
Cambro-Norman
Gower
Swansea Castle
intercede
Bishop of Hereford
Thomas de Cantilupe
Vatican Library
Pope John XXII
Llanrhidian
Gower
Edward I of England
Rhys ap Maredudd
son
William de Briouze
Lord of Gower
law in Wales at that time
Robert Bartlett
Richard Swinefield
Pope Nicholas IV
Pope Clement V
Ralph Baldock
Virgin Mary
Pope John XXII
Vatican Library

categories: People from Carmarthenshire,1260s births,Welsh rebels

paragraph: William Cragh

paragraph: William Cragh (born ca. 1262, died some time after 1307), was a medieval Welsh warrior and supporter of Rhys ap Maredudd, lord of the lands of Ystrad Tywi, in his rebellion against King Edward I of England. Captured in 1290 by the son of William de Briouze, the Cambro-Norman Lord of Gower, he was tried and found guilty of having killed thirteen men. Cragh was executed just outside Swansea within sight of de Briouze's Swansea Castle, twice, as the gallows collapsed during his first hanging. Lady Mary de Briouze decided for reasons unknown to intercede on Cragh's behalf, and prayed to the deceased Bishop of Hereford, Thomas de Cantilupe, requesting him to ask God to bring Cragh back from the dead. Cragh began to show signs of life the day after his execution, and over the subsequent few weeks made a full recovery, living for at least another eighteen years.

paragraph: The main primary source for Cragh's story is the record of the investigation into the canonisation of Thomas de Cantilupe, which is held in the Vatican Library. Cragh's resurrection was one of thirty-eight miracles presented to the papal commissioners who in 1307 were charged with examining the evidence for Cantilupe's saintliness. The hanged man himself gave evidence to the commission, after which nothing more is known of him. Cantilupe was formally canonised by Pope John XXII on 17 April 1320.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: William Cragh was born in about 1262 in the Welsh parish of Llanrhidian, Gower, to Rhys ap Gwilym and his wife Swanith. Between 1282 and 1283 King Edward I of England waged a military campaign in Wales that concluded with his annexation of that country. One of Edward's allies, Rhys ap Maredudd, found the post-war settlement unsatisfactory and launched a rebellion against the king in 1287. Edward's vastly superior forces soon crushed the uprising, but Rhys ap Maredudd remained at liberty until his capture and execution in 1292. Cragh probably took part in the rebellion on the Welsh side. He was apprehended in 1290 by the son of William de Briouze, the Lord of Gower, who was defending his father's lands against incursions by the rebels still at large. Cragh was one of 14 prisoners captured by de Briouze, 12 of whom were subsequently released. He was taken to Swansea Castle, where he was held in the dungeons awaiting trial, accused of killing 13 men.

paragraph: The law in Wales at that time permitted condemned men to atone for their crimes by making a payment to their victims. Cragh's friends and family rallied round to offer 100 cows to de Briouze for his release, but the offer was refused. The substantial scale of the proposed compensation indicates that Cragh was an important man, although some witnesses described him as a thief rather than a rebel. Historian Jussi Hanska has suggested that de Briouze's refusal to accept the offer strengthens the case for Cragh being a rebel, as there is no other convincing reason to explain why he should have opted to "decline good income just to hang a thief".

paragraph: Cragh pleaded innocence of the charges against him, but he was nevertheless found guilty and sentenced to be hanged.

paragraph: Section::::Execution.

paragraph: Cragh was hanged on a hill about a quarter of a mile (400 m) outside Swansea, in sight of de Briouze's Swansea Castle, on Monday 27 November 1290. He was executed along with another "malefactor", Trahaern ap Hywel. Although the latter was dealt with by the town executioner, Cragh was hanged by one of his own relatives, Ythel Fachan, who was forced into that service by de Briouze. Trahaern ap Hywel was a large and powerful man who struggled a great deal as he was hauled up from the ground by his neck, causing the crossbeam of the gallows to break. Although the executioner, John of Baggeham, considered both men to be already dead when they fell to the ground they were nevertheless hanged again, "as an insult to their kin", and because it was the usual custom that hanged men could not be removed from the gallows without the lord's permission. The execution took place early in the morning, and the two men were left swinging from the gallows. John of Baggeham reported that he cut down Cragh's body at about 4:00 pm and sent it into the town at the request of William de Briouze's wife, Lady Mary. It is unclear what became of Trahaern ap Hywel, but his body may have been buried by the gallows.

paragraph: The younger William de Briouze visited the house in Swansea to which Cragh's corpse had been taken that evening, and what he saw convinced him that Cragh was dead. Describing the scene some years later he recalled that:

paragraph: Witnesses reported that Cragh had voided his bowels and bladder while hanging from the gallows, which was considered at that time to be a sign of death.

paragraph: Section::::Resurrection.

paragraph: Historian Robert Bartlett has commented that "one of the largest uncertainties in the whole story of the death and resurrection of William Cragh is why Lady Mary [de Briouze] interceded for him", but intercede she did. John of Baggeham, when questioned about her motivation 18 years after the event, could only reply that "Lady Mary had sought the body of this William, he did not know why". Before the execution she had asked her husband to spare the two condemned men, but he had refused. Then on hearing that Trahaern ap Hywel was dead, and believing that Cragh was still alive, she once again asked that he be handed over to her, but de Briouze delayed until he was convinced that Cragh was also dead. Then "he granted him [Cragh] to the said lady, such as he was, and ordered him to be taken down from the gallows". Lady Mary had "a special devotion" to Thomas de Cantilupe, the deceased Bishop of Hereford, and in her own words, upon hearing of Cragh's death, "on bended knee, she asked Saint Thomas de Cantilupe to ask God to restore life to William Cragh".

paragraph: Cantilupe had died in Italy on 25 August 1282; his flesh was buried in that country after having been boiled from his bones, which were taken back to England. Cantilupe's tomb at Hereford Cathedral soon became the centre of a "pilgrim cult", and miracles began to be attributed to him. Lady Mary sent one of her ladies-in-waiting to measure Cragh's body with a length of thread, which implied a promise to offer to the saint a candle the length of the person on whose behalf the saint was being asked to intercede should the intercession be successful, a common practice during the medieval period.

paragraph: Cragh's recovery began the day after his hanging, but it was some time – one witness said 15 days – before he was able to stand unaided. That he did not recover more quickly cast doubt on the validity of the miracle, as miracles were supposed to be immediate, but "partial miracles" could be explained by the "lukewarm faith of those who had made the vow". Once sufficiently recovered, Cragh was summoned to appear at Swansea Castle, before Lord and Lady Briouze. The chaplain, William of Codineston, was also present. Cragh explained, "with great fear and apprehension" according to the chaplain, that as he was being taken to the gallows he prayed to Thomas de Cantilupe to save him. His fear resulted from his concern that he might be executed again, and he had good reason to be worried. Although those who survived were usually pardoned, it was not unknown for them to be hanged again. Between the time of his hanging and his appearance at the castle Cragh may have convinced himself that he had been saved by Cantilupe, or he may simply have decided that it would be prudent for him to go along with the story for his own safety. Cragh went on to claim that as he was hanging from the gallows a bishop dressed all in white appeared, and saved him either by supporting his feet or by replacing his tongue in his mouth.

paragraph: Once he was sufficiently recovered Cragh undertook a pilgrimage to Hereford, accompanied by Lord and Lady Briouze, to thank Cantilupe for restoring his life. He walked barefoot on the three-day trip, wearing the rope he had been hanged with around his neck. The rope was left at Cantilupe's shrine, after which Cragh said that he would make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, although there is some doubt as to whether he subsequently even left Wales. Jussi Hanska has suggested that Cragh may have invented the pilgrimage story to escape from his companions.

paragraph: Section::::Papal investigation.

paragraph: Richard Swinefield, Cantilupe's successor as Bishop of Hereford, wrote to Pope Nicholas IV in a letter dated 19 April 1290 proposing the bishop for canonisation, but it was not until 1307 that an investigation into Cantilupe's saintliness was initiated by Pope Clement V. For the canonisation process to succeed, convincing evidence of miracles that Cantilupe had performed since his death had to be presented, one of which was that William Cragh had been brought back from the dead by the bishop's intercession. Three papal commissioners were appointed to conduct the inquiry: William de Testa, a papal tax collector in England, Ralph Baldock, Bishop of London, and William Durand the Younger, Bishop of Mende.

paragraph: The investigation opened in London on 14 July 1307. The first three of the nine witnesses to Cragh's hanging to be heard were Lady Mary de Briouze, William Codineston, and the younger William de Briouze; his father had died in 1291. The commissioners were naturally curious about the details of the execution, because if Cragh had not actually been killed then there could clearly have been no miracle. William de Briouze was in no doubt that the hanging had been properly conducted, and pointed out it was customary that "if any subterfuge or trickery were discovered ... then the executioner himself would be hanged in turn". He added that any deception could be ruled out because of the hatred that he and his father had for Cragh, whom he described as "the worst of malefactors". The same point was made by William of Codineston: "the lord de Briouze and his justices, officials, and servants hated William Cragh very much and rejoiced greatly at his hanging and death".

paragraph: For the convenience of other witnesses the commission moved to Hereford, where it resumed on 18 August 1307. The other six testifying to Cragh's execution included the hanged man himself, despite William de Briouze's stated belief that he had died of natural causes about two years earlier. The official language of the proceedings was ecclesiastical Latin, but Cragh spoke only Welsh, therefore two Franciscan friars from Hereford – John Young and Maurice of Pencoyd – were recruited as translators. Cragh is identified in the commission's records by his Welsh name, William ap Rhys, "of the parish of Swansea in the diocese of Saint Davids". Of the eight other witnesses called, five testified in French and three in English. In his evidence Cragh stated that he believed himself to have been about 28 at the time of his hanging, and that his last conscious memory as he was dangling at the end of the rope was of the noise made by the crowd when Trahaern was hanged beside him. He denied his earlier story of having seen a vision of a white-clad bishop while he was hanging from the gallows, and instead claimed that the Virgin Mary had appeared to him on the morning of his execution, accompanied by "a lordly figure" she introduced as "St Thomas", who she said would save him from the gallows. Under questioning Cragh said that he presumed the figure to be Cantilupe because he had been on pilgrimage to Cantilupe's shrine in Hereford, and because on the day of his imprisonment he had "bent a penny ... to the honour of Saint Thomas so that he should liberate him". After hearing his testimony the commissioners physically examined Cragh, to confirm that he was indeed the man who had been hanged 18 years earlier. Although they found no marks around his neck they did discover some scarring on his tongue, according to Cragh caused by him having bitten it while hanging.

paragraph: The investigation was conducted in an inquisitorial style; witnesses were not expected to make statements but only to respond to questions asked of them. Bartlett has observed that some of the questions asked by the commissioners were rather leading. During Cragh's interrogation, for instance, he was asked if "in his country after the time of his hanging, it was publicly and commonly ascribed, and still is ascribed, to a miracle performed by the merits of the Lord Saint Thomas that he obtained and recovered life after the hanging". Cragh of course had no motivation other than to answer "yes", which he did.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Nothing more is known of Cragh after his testimony to the papal commission in 1307. Thirty-eight posthumous miracles attributed to Thomas de Cantilupe were examined by the commissioners and submitted for consideration by the pope and his advisors. Twelve were rejected after further analysis, including Cragh's resurrection, but no reasons were recorded. Pope John XXII formally announced Cantilupe's canonisation on 17 April 1320, thirty-eight years after the new saint's death.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Latin account of the depositions made by Cragh, the Braoses, and some others to the papal commission in 1307. English introduction, but no translation. The original manuscript is in the Vatican Library, catalogue number Lat. 4015.

description: Welsh rebel who survived being hanged in 1290

wikidata_label: William Cragh

wikipedia_title: William Cragh


text: Mexican

text: luchador

text: professional wrestler

text: ring name

text: United States

text: California

text: Leonardo Carrera

text: character

text: La Rebelión Amarilla

text: Tijuana

text: Baja California

text: Mexico

text: Universidad de las Américas Puebla

text: San Andrés Cholula, Puebla

text: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

text: Monterrey

text: sports science

text: American football

text: running back

text: defensive back

text: lucha libre

text: professional wrestling

text: Arena México

text: El Hijo del Gladiador

text: Skayde

text: Perros del Mal Producciones

text: técnico

text: tag team

text: AAA

text: character

text: rudo

text: stable

text: Los Perros del Mal

text: Halloween

text: L.A. Park

text: X-Fly

text: El Hijo del Perro Aguayo

text: Independent Wrestling League

text: Las Hermanos Trauma

text: Trauma I

text: Trauma II

text: La Sociedad

text: Los Psycho Circus

text: Monster Clown

text: Murder Clown

text: Psycho Clown

text: La Jaula de la Muerte

text: Ray Mendoza Jr.

text: Villano IV

text: steel cage match

text: WWE

text: WWE SmackDown

text: Cody Rhodes

text: RKO

text: Randy Orton

text: Super Nova

text: Eterno

text: Cien Caras Jr.

text: El Hijo de Máscara Año 2000

text: Máscara Año 2000 Jr.

text: pay-per-view

text: Hammerstein Ballroom

text: New York City, New York

text: Homicide

text: Masada

text: California

text: Empire Wrestling Federation

text: Corona, New York

text: Extreme Rising

text: Super Crazy

text: El Hijo de Rey Misterio II

text: Global Force Wrestling

text: Amped

text: Steve Pain

text: Phoenix Star and Zokre

text: Lucha Underground

text: Major League Wrestling

text: MLW Fusion

text: Mance Warner

text: IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship

text: vacant

text: The Crash

text: The Crash Tag Team Championship

text: Mecha Wolf 450

text: IWL Tag Team Championship (1 time)

text: X-Fly

text: 1 time

text: Damián 666

text: IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship

text: 1 time

text: Perros del Mal Producciones

text: Pro Wrestling Illustrated

text: PWI 500

text: World Wrestling Association

text: WWA Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

categories: Mexican male professional wrestlers,1989 births,Living people,People from Tijuana

paragraph: Bestia 666

paragraph: Leornardo Carrera Lizarraga (born May 14, 1989) is a Mexican "luchador" or professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Bestia 666. He is currently working for various promotions across Mexico, while also performing in the United States for several California-based promotions. Bestia 666's father is professional wrestler Leonardo Carrera, who performs as Damián 666 and who inspired his son's current character. He is the current leader of "La Rebelión Amarilla".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Carrera was born to Leonardo Carrera Gómez and Guadalupe Lizarraga on May 14, 1989, in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. He studied first in Universidad de las Américas Puebla in San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, but after having some problems with the university's teachers, he switched over to Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León in Monterrey to study sports science. While studying, Carrera was looking for a career in American football, playing both as a running back and a defensive back, however, he was forced to give up the sport after nagging injuries started to affect his running. Carrera then decided to follow in the footsteps of his father Leonardo, better known as Damián 666, and started training in "lucha libre" or professional wrestling in Arena México under his father, El Hijo del Gladiador and Skayde.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Los Perros del Mal (2009–2012).

paragraph: In July 2009, Carrera made his debut for his father's home promotion, Perros del Mal Producciones. Wanting to start from scratch, he came up with the character of Leo, a masked "técnico" (fan favorite) dancer and one half of the tag team "Los Strippers" with Riveiro. The tag team achieved only limited success, often working opening matches at events. On June 6, 2010, Carrera took part in Perros del Mal's storyline invasion of Mexico's biggest promotion, AAA. For the appearance he was repackaged as Bestia 666 with a character and face paint inspired by Damián 666, in the process revealing the relation between the two. Under his new character, Bestia 666 was quickly accepted into the "rudo" (villainous) stable "Los Perros del Mal", which also included the likes of Damián 666, Halloween, L.A. Park, X-Fly and the group's leader, El Hijo del Perro Aguayo. With his tag team with Riveiro behind him, Bestia 666 began regularly teaming with X-Fly and on September 4 the two entered a tournament to determine the first ever Independent Wrestling League (IWL) Tag Team Champions. On November 28, Bestia 666 and X-Fly defeated "Las Hermanos Trauma" (Trauma I and Trauma II) in a tournament final to become the first IWL Tag Team Champions. A week later Perros del Mal Producciones crowned their first ever champion, the Perros del Mal Extremo Champion; the nine–way match, which also included Bestia 666, was won by his tag team partner and best friend X-Fly. On January 15, 2011, Bestia 666 made his wrestling debut for AAA, teaming with Damián 666 and Halloween as a member of both "Los Perros del Mal" and "La Sociedad", in a six-man tag team match, where they were defeated by "Los Psycho Circus" (Monster Clown, Murder Clown and Psycho Clown). Bestia 666 also represented "Los Perros del Mal" in International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), where he, Damián 666 and X-Fly unsuccessfully challenged for the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship on four separate occasions between January and July. On July 24, Perros del Mal Producciones crowned their first ever Light Heavyweight Champion in a six–way match, where Bestia 666 ended up defeating Black Fire, Peligro, Pesadilla, Tony Rivera and Zumbi to win the title. During IWRG's "La Jaula de la Muerte" ("The Cage of Death") show on August 28, Bestia 666, Damián 666 and X-Fly defeated "Los Psycho Circus", "Los Temerarios" (Black Terry, Durok and Machin) and "Los Villanos" (Kortiz, Ray Mendoza Jr. and Villano IV) in a steel cage match to win the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship. On October 5, IWL announced that since Bestia 666 and X-Fly had defended the IWL Tag Team Championship without the promotion's authorization, they would no longer recognize the title, which would be replaced by the new IWL International Tag Team Championship. Later that month, Bestia was invited for a tryout with WWE, during the promotion's tour of Mexico. Bestia appeared on the October 21 edition of "WWE SmackDown" as one of Cody Rhodes' "baggers", taking an "RKO" from Randy Orton. On November 13, Bestia 666 lost the Perros del Mal Light Heavyweight Championship to Super Nova in a six-way elimination match, which also included Eterno, Diva Salvaje, Golden Magic and Tony Rivera. On December 1, Bestia, Damián and X-Fly lost the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship to "Los Capos Jr." (Cien Caras Jr., El Hijo de Máscara Año 2000 and Máscara Año 2000 Jr.). On March 12, 2012, Bestia 666, along with his father, Halloween and X-Fly, announced that he was quitting "Los Perros del Mal".

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:United States (2011–present).

paragraph: On June 3, 2011, Carrera made his professional wrestling debut in the United States, when he, working without his signature face paint and billed simply as Bestia, took part in the tapings of Urban Wrestling Federation's (UWF) first three pay-per-views at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City, New York. On the first PPV, titled First Blood, Bestia defeated Facade in a first round match of a tournament to determine the inaugural UWF Champion. At the tapings of the third PPV, titled Street King, Bestia was eliminated from the four–way tournament finals by Homicide. On the fourth PPV, Thug Assassins, which premiered January 22, 2012, Bestia defeated Masada.

paragraph: In early 2012, Bestia 666, along with his father, began making regular appearances for California-based promotions Empire Wrestling Federation (EWF) and MexPW. On June 29, Bestia 666 took part in Extreme Rising promotion's first event in Corona, New York, defeating Pesadilla. On November 17, Bestia wrestled on Extreme Rising's first internet pay-per-view, Remember November, defeating Facade. He returned to the promotion a year later on December 28, 2013, teaming with his father in a tag team match, where they defeated Pesadilla and Super Crazy. Also in 2013, Bestia and his father began wrestling for California-based Vendetta Pro Wrestling. In his first appearance on March 2, he suffered a defeat at the hands of El Hijo de Rey Misterio II in what was dubbed a "Lucha Libre Legacy" match. On June 22, Bestia and his father unsuccessfully challenged Pink Mink, Inc. (Matt Carlos and Rik Luxury) for the Unified Tag Team Championship in a three-way match, which also included the Ballard Brothers (Shane and Shannon). This led to an immediate rematch, where the two were victorious via countout over Pink Mink, Inc., who, however, retained their title.

paragraph: On July 24, 2015, Bestia 666 made his debut for Global Force Wrestling (GFW) at the promotion's first "Amped" television taping, teaming with Blood Eagle and Steve Pain in a six-man tag team match, where they were defeated by Misterioso Jr., Phoenix Star and Zokre.

paragraph: In March 2016, Bestia 666 debuted for Lucha Underground.

paragraph: He's scheduled to make his first appearance for Major League Wrestling on MLW Fusion 68 in a singles match against Mance Warner

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:La Familia de Tijuana (2012–2017).

paragraph: After quitting "Los Perros del Mal", Bestia 666, Damián 666, Halloween, Super Nova and X-Fly announced on March 14, 2012, that they were forming a new group of independent wrestlers, named "La Familia de Tijuana". The group was much like "Los Perros del Mal", with the exception that they were not looking to form their own promotion. It was also revealed that originally only Bestia and his father were looking to get out of "Los Perros del Mal", but the others joined them after learning of their intentions. On March 22, Bestia 666 defeated Trauma I to win the IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship. On March 29, IWRG was officially announced as "La Familia de Tijuana"'s new home promotion. On July 1, Bestia 666 lost the IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship to El Hijo de Máscara Año 2000. On February 1, 2013, Bestia 666 defeated El Hijo de Rey Misterio II to win Promociones Rojas' vacant WWO World Cruiserweight Championship. In December 2013, Bestia was invited to take part in another WWE tryout.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Azteca Karate Extremo

paragraph: BULLET::::- AKE Cruiserweight Championship (1 time, current)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Crash

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Crash Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Crash Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Mecha Wolf 450

paragraph: BULLET::::- Independent/International Wrestling League

paragraph: BULLET::::- IWL Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with X-Fly

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Wrestling Revolution Group

paragraph: BULLET::::- IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship (1 time) – with Damián 666 and X-Fly

paragraph: BULLET::::- IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perros del Mal Producciones

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perros del Mal Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Promociones Rojas

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWO World Cruiserweight Championship (1 time, current)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling Illustrated

paragraph: BULLET::::- PWI ranked him #210 of the top 500 wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- PWR Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vendetta Pro Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Match of the Year Vendetty Award (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- WildKat Pro Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- WildKat Revolution Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWA Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) – with Damián 666

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Organización Estudiantil de Futbol Americano de Baja California profile

description: Mexican professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Bestia 666

wikipedia_title: Bestia 666


text:
Currier & Ives
Louis Prang
Printing Industry of the Carolinas
Military Order of the Stars and Bars
United States Army
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
Fort McNair
Normandy, France
C-SPAN
Extreme Home Makeover

categories: 20th-century American painters,1955 births,American male painters,American frontier painters,Living people

paragraph: John Paul Strain

paragraph: John Paul Strain (born September 22, 1955) is an American artist, specializing in art depicting American history. He creates hyper-realistic paintings of patriotic historical scenes, such as the American West, Civil War and D-Day, that are exhibited or used by institutions such as the US military, US Park Service and others. He has been compared as inheriting the mantle of 19th-century print makers such as Currier & Ives and Louis Prang.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.

paragraph: For the first 15 years of his career he painted numerous original oil paintings of the American West. From the age of 21, Strain's paintings of landscapes, wild life paintings, and depictions of Indian life were represented by Trailside Galleries.

paragraph: Strain began painting scenes from the American Civil War in 1991. These Civil War historical paintings are larger and have more detail than his western paintings. According to Strain, each painting is meticulously researched and painted with such detail (Strain often wears a jeweler’s magnifying glass and uses a two to three haired brush to paint most of the composition’s intricacies), that one painting may require more than three months to create.

paragraph: Strain participates in Civil War reenactments. "I have been reenacting for many years. Currently, I am Captain of the 7th Texas Calvary. My unit has about 20 mounted cavalry men, and we participate in Civil War reenactments throughout the southwest. Working with men, horses, and equipment gives me insight into what life was like back in the 1860s. I know from experience how horse equipment should look when in use, or how a seasoned horseman carries himself in the saddle. I feel it really helps my art." -John Paul Strain.

paragraph: Other historical paintings by John Paul Strain include "Spirit of Discovery", a rendition of the Lewis and Clark expedition, as well as three World War II representations: "Bastogne", "Omaha Beach", and "Utah Beach". More recently, Mr. Strain has composed three individual "Paintings of Paradise": "Celarian Light House", Punta Sur Park Natural Reserve; "Evening on the Plaza", Downtown San Miguel; and "The Monument to Divers", Coast Road San Miguel. Inspired by his favorite vacation destination, Strain represents historical landmarks in the Caribbean island of Cozumel, Mexico.

paragraph: Section::::Awards, honors, holdings and exhibitions.

paragraph: Author John J. Dwyer said that Strain "is roundly regarded as one of the greatest painters, living or deceased, of American historical art."

paragraph: Reproductions of Strain's paintings have won the PICA Awards (Printing Industry of the Carolinas). At the PIAG 2008 Awards in Georgia, Strain was awarded the 'Top Gold Award' for his painting "New Year's Wish", and the 'Best of Category Giclée' for "Fire In the Sky". Strain was awarded the Henry Timrod Southern Culture Award (2010) by the Military Order of the Stars and Bars for his contributions toward the understanding, appreciation and explanations of Southern Arts and Letters, as a member of the Order.

paragraph: Strain has completed commissioned works for the United States Army, which are on permanent display at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, Fort McNair in Washington D.C., and the battlefield visitor's center at Normandy, France.

paragraph: Strain's painting, "D-Day", a 50th Anniversary portrayal of the first Infantry Division's landing on Omaha Beach in Normandy, France on June 6, 1994, was commissioned by the Class Gift Committee of the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas in April 1994. The painting is now on display in the Eisenhower Hall of the CGSC, and was reproduced in an edition of 1290 prints for the 1994 graduates.

paragraph: In April 2009, Strain was commissioned by the University of Alabama to paint a historical work for the Confederate Corp of Cadets assembling to fight the Union invaders in April 1865. The finished work was unveiled at the annual Gen. John C. Calhoun Sanders Lecture Series on the University campus.

paragraph: On November 22, 1998, Strain appeared in an interview on C-SPAN's "Washington Journal Feature", where he discussed his inspiration and techniques as a historical artist.

paragraph: On episode 18, season 5 of "Extreme Home Makeover", Strain worked and painted on the set and donated a large original painting, 'Chatham House'. "Along with renowned artist John Paul Strain, Ty looks at a photo of the original Chatham house to make sure they've gotten the details right. 'I want it to look kind of mysterious,' Ty says. Ty and Strain, who completed his work in less than a week, secure the framed canvas—the molding was painted silver—with French cleats."

paragraph: Strain's paintings have helped to raise funds for many historical restoration projects and battlefield preservation organizations. The National Park Service uses Strain's paintings in their publications and at battlefield sites.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: Books by Strain

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strain, John Paul. "Witness to the Civil War: The Art of John Paul Strain." Courage Books, 2002. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strain, John Paul. "The Historical Art of John Paul Strain." John Paul Strain Historical Art, 2010. Print.

paragraph: Books featuring art of Strain

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beck, Brandon H. "The Three Battles of Winchester: A History and Guided Tour". The Civil War Society Special Edition. Country Publishers, 1988. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bishop, Randy. "Mississippi’s Civil War Battlefields: A Guide to their History and Preservation." Pelican Publishing, 2010. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bishop, Randy. "Tennessee's Civil War Battlefields." Pelican Pub., 2010. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carter, Alden R. "Bright Starry Banner: a Novel of the Civil War." Soho Press, 2005. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cozzens, Peter. "The Battle of Stones River, Civil War series." Eastern National Park and Monument Assoc., 1995. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gorin, Betty J. "Morgan is Coming!: Confederate Raiders in the Heartland of Kentucky." 3rd ed. Harmondy House Publishers, 2006. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthews, Gary R. "Basil Wilson Duke, CSA: The Right Man in the Right Place. " 1st ed. The University Press of Kentucky, 2005. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mollring, Christine. "The Artists of Trailside Galleries." Trailside Two Inc., 1980. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phillips, David. " Daring Raiders." 1st ed. Friedman/Fairfax Publishing, 1998. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phillips, David. "Maps of the Civil War." Barnes & Noble Publishing Inc., 2005. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ramage, James A. "Rebel Raider: The Life of General John Hunt Morgan." The University Press of Kentucky, 1995. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robertson, William G. "The Battle of Chickamauga, Civil War Series. " Easter National, Ft. Washington, PA, 1995. Print. (p. 38)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuels, Peggy, and Harold Samuels. "Contemporary Western Artists. " Bonanza Books, 1987. Print

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sauers, Richard A. "The Devastating Hand of War; Romney, West Virginia, During the Civil War." Gauley Mount Press, 2000. Print. (Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seabrook, Lochlainn. "Nathan Bedford Forrest: Southern Hero, American Patriot." 2nd ed. Sea Raven Press, 2009. Print. (Cover)

description: artist

wikidata_label: John Paul Strain

wikipedia_title: John Paul Strain


text: French

text: electronic musician

text: composer

text: performer

text: record producer

text: music video director

text: Berlin

text: Analog

text: synthesizer

text: surrealistic

text: David Cronenberg

text: H.R. Giger

text: Psychic TV

text: Add N to (X)

text: Rock Machine Records

text: Norman Spinrad

text: Electronic dance music

text: Peaches

text: Shunda K

text: MTV

text: Shunda K

text: Yo Majesty

text: Robots in Disguise

text: Robots in Disguise

text: Billie Ray Martin

text: Aérea Negrot

text: I Monster

text: Mirah

text: Ssion

text: Peaches

text: Lyon

text: LGBTQ

text: Vienna

text: Paradiso

text: Berlin

text: Berghain

text: Berghain

text: analog synthesizer

text: Add N to (X)

text: Korg MS-10/MS-20

text: Moog Rogue

text: Roland JX-3P

text: Ensoniq

text: Billie Ray Martin

text: Aérea Negrot

text: Billie Ray Martin

text: Aérea Negrot

text: Desireless

text: Peaches

text: Robots in Disguise

text: I Monster

text: Ssion

text: Mirah

text: K Records

text: Punk Bunny

text: Lesbians on Ecstasy

text: Rock Machine Records

text: Rock Machine Records

text: Rock Machine Records

text: Rock Machine Records

text: Rock Machine Records

text: Rock Machine Records

text: Electrosexual Official Site

text: Music on Bandcamp

text: Facebook Electrosexual

categories: 1980 births,Hip hop record producers,Queer musicians,Electronic dance music DJs,French DJs,French male artists,Musical groups established in 2004,People from Toulouse,French pop singers,LGBT musicians from Germany,French film directors,Electronica musicians,Electronic music singers,French dance musicians,Remixers,Living people,French electronic musicians,Club DJs,French record producers,LGBT musicians from France,French keyboardists

paragraph: Electrosexual

paragraph: Electrosexual is a French electronic musician, composer, performer, record producer and music video director living in Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: His passion for early electronic engines and primitive sounds from Analog synthesizer inspired his creativity mingling of rough basses with an uptempo rhythm. He is the electro-sex (sometimes called sex-tronica) precursor and pioneer in France.

paragraph: Electrosexual created its stage name in reference to surrealistic non "(human) sexuality", considering machines and synthesizers as genitors. This concept has also been developed by artists including David Cronenberg, H.R. Giger, Psychic TV and Add N to (X).

paragraph: In the summer of 2005, after a show in Berlin (Sage Club/Plastique party) where he performed for the first time as a solo act, his song Trapped Inside was selected to be released on the fifth anniversary compilation of the cult Berlin record label Das Drehmoment.

paragraph: The same year, Electrosexual created his own record label Rock Machine Records (named after the 1987 novel by Norman Spinrad) as an independent platform for electronic music, parties organizing and performances.

paragraph: Electrosexual offered production for the American queer hip hop duo Scream Club, mixing Electronic dance music with gender issues themed lyrics and club performances.

paragraph: Their first songs, one of which features vocals by Peaches, would be the very first vinyl to be released on Rock Machine in 2006.

paragraph: They collaborated and played live together for the next years and released two more EPs : "Break You nice/ Screaming & Crying» Featuring Shunda K was released in 2010 as a limited edition white vinyl, including remixes by Hard Ton, Leonard De Leonard and Divider. The video for the single "Break You Nice" was the first direction of Electrosexual and was broadcast on national American music channels MTV & VH1 for more several month.

paragraph: The same year, Shunda K of Yo Majesty requested Electrosexual’s services for the co-production of her first solo single "Here I Am To Save The World" (2010, Fanatic Records)

paragraph: In March and April 2010, Electrosexual and Scream Club were the support act for Robots in Disguise on their "Wake Up Tour" in the UK. They also performed together the "Wake Up" Electrosexual & Scream Club Remix as an encore.

paragraph: Sue Denim of the Robots in Disguise recorded vocals for Electrosexual EP "Partytime" Feat. Scream Club, released as a Digi-EP, with remixes by French Hip Hop artist Flore, aMinus ...

paragraph: In the end of 2010, Electrosexual released "I Feel Love" that quickly became an underground club hit.

paragraph: The song was referred to as "a disco neo classic" and "best song of the year 2012" by the blogosphere .

paragraph: Electrosexual has remixed material by other artists, including Billie Ray Martin & Aérea Negrot, David Carretta's "Lovely Toy", Transformer Di Roboter’s "Baghdad Disco", I Monster’s "Sucker For Your Sound", Mirah’s "Cold Cold Water", Ssion’s "Ah-Ma", Peaches Feat Scream Club "Fine As Fuck".

paragraph: More recently, Electrosexual composed the official themes of the 2011 & 2012 editions of Lyon's LGBTQ Movie Festival "Ecrans Mixtes" where he also performed last year.

paragraph: Electrosexual performed at many various events like the festival Waves in Vienna, Austria, the Paradiso, at Paris's Le Pigallion and La Machine du Moulin Rouge or in Berlin's Prince Charles and Berghain Kantine, SO36 and presented a sound and video installation at Berghain in 2015.

paragraph: After a serie of single and EP's with various guest vocalists, Electrosexual releases in 2014 his debut full LP 'Art Support Machine' which is a mixture of retrofuturistic analogue electronics and kaleidoscopic synths. The album is influenced by 1980s synth pop, Techno and 1990s trance, and, in keeping with the vocal direction of recent records, only 4 tracks are instrumental on the whole LP.

paragraph: Art Support Machine explores the Machine as the supreme vision of the human condition, and is focusing on the concept of the identity of the Machines, their gender,sexuality & Soul.

paragraph: The recent single "The way they make you feel" received a special 9/10 mention by Mixmag Magazine UK.

paragraph: Section::::Production and equipment.

paragraph: Electrosexual is currently known for the strong use of analog synthesizers in his music. As he stated in an interview with Add N to (X) front woman Ann Shenton for ZOOT MAGAZINE, he uses the Korg MS-10/MS-20, Moog Rogue, Yamaha CS 5 and Roland JX-3P. Additional gear includes the Ensoniq DP4+ and multi-effects pedals.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Remixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Millimetric – "Deflection"(Electrosexual remix) Nu Body Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rituel – "Dreams"(Electrosexual remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autist – "Chien"(Electrosexual remix)[unreleased]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plasticzooms – "Veiled Eyes"(Electrosexual remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Billie Ray Martin & Aérea Negrot – "Off The Rails"(Electrosexual remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Billie Ray Martin & Aérea Negrot – "Off The Rails"(Electrosexual dub)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ost + Front – "MNSTR" – (Electrosexual remix) Out Of Line Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adan & Ilse – "Like Me" – (Electrosexual remix) Unknown Pleasures Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autist – "Low Passion"(Electrosexual remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lois Plugged & Fruckie – "Spleen" – (Electrosexual remix) Boxon Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- aMinus – "Morning After thrill" – (Electrosexual remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fantôme – "Love" (Electrosexual remix) Cleopatra records/Rough Trade

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dualesque – "Uncomplicated" (Electrosexual Complicated remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Desireless & Operation Of The Sun – "Sertao" (Electrosexual remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tubbe – "Liebe Fertig" (Electrosexual remix) Audiolith Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- aMinus Feat Magritte Jaco – "Don't Mind Me now" (Electrosexual remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hedi Mohr – "Little Red" Feat. Red Noise(Electrosexual remix) Black Mink Rec

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tkuz – "In The Box" (Electrosexual remix) Black Leather

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dead Sexy Inc. – "Lonesome Poupée" (Electrosexual remix + Le Bardot remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Equitant – "Body Vehement" (Electrosexual remix) Black Montanas

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Niallist – "Work It" (Electrosexual remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steve Morell & Monika Pokorna – "Lady Pheres" (Electrosexual remix) Pale Music International

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peaches Feat Shunda K. – "Billionaire" (Electrosexual remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Transformer di Roboter – "Baghdad Disco" (Electrosexual remix) Leonizer Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vesto Caino – "Dolce Vita" (Electrosexual remix) Sony/Columbia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minor Sailor – "Doctor Said" (Electrosexual remix) Les Boutiques Sonores

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robots in Disguise – "Wake Up" (Electrosexual remix) President Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fil Ok – "Listen To Me" (Electrosexual remix) OK Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- I Monster – "Sucker for Your Sound" (Electrosexual remix) Twins of Evil Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ssion – "Ah-Ma" (Electrosexual remix) Sleazetone Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Candy Clash – "79" (Electrosexual remix) Sister Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keen K & P Muench – "Connection Flight" (Electrosexual Radionnection) Perfect Stranger Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dusti – "New York Slaves" (Electrosexual Slavery) Rock Machine Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mirah – "Cold Cold Water" (Electrosexual & Abberline remix) K Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Carretta – "Lovely Toy" (Electrosexual remix) Space Factory disques

paragraph: BULLET::::- Punk Bunny – "Next Caller" & "G-Spot" (Electrosexual remix) Crunch Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lesbians on Ecstasy – "Tell Me Does She Love the Bass" (Electrosexual remix) Alien8 Recordings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Houston Bernard "Str8 Acting" – (Electrosexual remix) MOFA Schallplatten

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:DJ mixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Acid Tape" (Rock Machine Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beat Tape" (Rock Machine Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art Support Mixtape" (Track listings 2.0)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wrangeltape" (Wrangelkiez)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Long Live The New Flesh" (Novafuture Blog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Razortape, Vol. 1" (Rock Machine Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The VogueTape, Vol. 2" (Rock Machine Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The VogueTape, Vol. 1" (Rock Machine Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rock Machine Mix Series, Vol. 1" (Rock Machine Records)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Electrosexual Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music on Bandcamp Bandcamp

paragraph: BULLET::::- The method and the formula behind the sonic experiments of Romain Frequency Interview on Four Culture Magazine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Facebook Electrosexual Facebook Page

alias:
Romain Fréquency
Romain Frequency

description: French musician

wikidata_label: Electrosexual

wikipedia_title: Electrosexual


text: eighth

text: Governor

text: New Jersey

text: Elizabethtown

text: Province of New Jersey

text: Essex County

text: Governor of New Jersey

text: Prerogative Court of New Jersey

text: Mayor of Elizabethtown, New Jersey

text: New Jersey Legislative Council

text: New Jersey State Senate

text: New Jersey State Constitution

text: New Hope, Pennsylvania

text: Biography of Isaac Halstead Williamson

text: New Jersey State Library

text: National Governors Association

text: Biography of Isaac Halstead Williamson

text: The Political Graveyard

categories: Governors of New Jersey,1844 deaths,Members of the New Jersey General Assembly,American Presbyterians,New Jersey Federalists,1767 births,Federalist Party state governors of the United States,Members of the New Jersey Legislative Council,Mayors of Elizabeth, New Jersey,New Jersey Democrats

paragraph: Isaac Halstead Williamson

paragraph: Isaac Halstead Williamson (September 27, 1767July 10, 1844) was an American politician who served as the eighth Governor of New Jersey, from 1817 to 1829.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Isaac Halstead Williamson was born in 1767 in Elizabethtown in the Province of New Jersey. He later studied law with his brother Matthias and became a leading lawyer in New Jersey. He received his attorney's license in 1791, followed by his counselor's license five years later; and in 1804, he was called to be a sergeant-at-law. In 1808, he married Anne Crossdale Jouet (1777–1853) and together they had two sons, Benjamin in 1809 and Isaac Halstead in 1811. In 1815, without knowledge that his name was on the ticket, Isaac was elected as the Democratic representative for Essex County.

paragraph: Two years later he was elected Governor of New Jersey and was re-elected every year from 1818–1829. As part of his duties as governor, Williamson served as the judge of the Prerogative Court of New Jersey. Williamson was Mayor of Elizabethtown, New Jersey from 1830 to 1833. In 1831 and 1832, he was elected to represent Essex County as a member of the New Jersey Legislative Council (now known as the New Jersey State Senate). Despite holding these political offices Williamson continued to practice law. In 1844, he was unanimously elected to be President of the convention that framed the revised New Jersey State Constitution. However, he had to relinquish this position due to poor health and by the end of the year he died in Elizabethtown. His collection of the Chinese Export Armorial Porcelain dinnerware that belonged to his wife's family and bears the Jouet coat-of-arms, is archived at the New Hope, Pennsylvania Historical Society.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Isaac Halstead Williamson, New Jersey State Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Jersey Governor Isaac Halsted Williamson, National Governors Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Isaac Halstead Williamson from The Political Graveyard

alias:
Williamson, Isaac H.
Isaac H. Williamson

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Isaac Halstead Williamson

wikipedia_title: Isaac Halstead Williamson


text:
Bishop of Milan
saint
Catholic Church
Pope Vigilius
Justinian
Three-Chapter Controversy
Catholic
orthodoxy
heresies
praetorian prefect
Cassiodorus
Gothic War (535–554)
Ostrogoths
Byzantine Empire
Rome
Belisarius
Uraias
Burgundians
Constantinople
Justinian I
Theodore of Mopsuestia
Theodoret
Ibas of Edessa
anathematized
Non-Chalcedonian
Christians
Chalcedonian Creed
Pope Vigilius
Sicily
St. Euphemia
Chalcedon
translated
Milan
San Vittore al Corpo
Victor Maurus
Gregory the Great
exorcist
Maternus
Landulf of Milan

categories: Bishops of Milan,6th-century Christian saints,552 deaths

paragraph: Dacius (bishop of Milan)

paragraph: Dacius or Datius () was Bishop of Milan from c. 530 to 552. He is honoured as a saint in the Catholic Church.

paragraph: An active ecclesiastical politician, he was an ally of Pope Vigilius in the latter's struggles against Justinian, involved in the Three-Chapter Controversy. He is remembered as a defender of Catholic orthodoxy against the heresies of his day.

paragraph: Section::::The Gothic War.

paragraph: Before he became a bishop, Dacius was a monk. He was elected bishop of Milan on or about 530, and soon he had to face the worst period of the history of Milan, which started with the terrible famine of 535-6. During the famine, Dacius obtained some grain from the praetorian prefect for Italy, Cassiodorus, for free distribution to the poor.

paragraph: At the same time as the famine, there began the Gothic War (535–554) between the Ostrogoths and the Byzantine Empire. Dacius sided with the Byzantines, and at the end of 537 (or early in 538) he went to Rome along with some representatives of the people of Milan to ask the Byzantine general

paragraph: Belisarius to send a force of 1,000 men, under Mundilas, to free the city from the Ostrogoths. Initially the operation was successful, but soon the Goths, led by general Uraias, allied with the Burgundians and besieged the town as they considered the support Milan gave to the Byzantines to be a betrayal. The town surrendered in March 539, and in revenge Uraias razed Milan to the ground, exterminated 30,000 male citizens and sold the women as slaves. Dacius survived this catastrophe because he was in Rome: he never returned to Milan again.

paragraph: Section::::The Three-Chapter Controversy.

paragraph: In 544-545 Dacius was in Constantinople where he witnessed the promulgation by the Emperor Justinian I of an edict in which the "Three Chapters" (i.e. some writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrus and Ibas of Edessa) were anathematized. Justinian was attempting to reconcile the main part of the Church with the Non-Chalcedonian Christians, but most bishops saw in this anathema a possible denial of the Chalcedonian Creed. While the resistance of the Eastern bishops collapsed in a short time, those from the Latin-speaking bishops, such as Dacius, stood firm.

paragraph: Justinian required Pope Vigilius, who opposed the edict, to come to Constantinople to sign the anathema. Vigilius had to leave Rome in November 545, but he tried to interrupt his travel by remaining for a long time in Sicily, where he was briefly joined by Dacius. However, on January 25, 547 the Pope arrived in Constantinople, where he was forced to stay by the Emperor till he approved the edict.

paragraph: In 550 Dacius joined Virgilius in Constantinople, and he urged the Pope not to come to an agreement with the Emperor. In August 551 he and the Pope had to take sanctuary in the Basilica of St. Peter in Constantinople, where the Pope was beaten. On December 23, both Dacius and the Pope escaped again and took refuge in the Church of St. Euphemia in Chalcedon, from which Pope Virgilius issued an Encyclical letter describing the treatment he had received. Dacius died, probably at Chalcedon, on February 5, 552.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Dacius' body was later translated from Chalcedon to Milan and buried in the Church of "San Vittore al Corpo" (Saint Victor Maurus) where it is still venerated. A late tradition, with no historical basis, associates Dacius with the Milan's family of the Agliati.

paragraph: In Chapter 4 (Book 3) of his "Dialogues", Gregory the Great describes Dacius as an exorcist:

paragraph: In the time of the same Emperor, Datius, Bishop of Milan, about matters of religion, travelled to Constantinople. And coming to Corinth, he sought for a large house to receive him and his company, and could scarce find any: at length he saw afar off a fair great house, which he commanded to be provided for him: and when the inhabitants of that place told him that it was for many years haunted by the devil, and therefore stood empty: "so much the sooner," quoth the venerable man, "ought we to lodge in it, if the wicked spirit hath taken possession thereof, and will not suffer men to dwell in it." Whereupon he gave order to have it made ready: which being done, he went without all fear to combat with the old enemy. In the dead of the night, when the man of God was asleep, the devil began, with a huge noise and great outcry, to imitate the roaring of lions, the bleating of sheep, the braying of asses, the hissing of serpents, the grunting of hogs, and the screeching of rats. Datius, suddenly awaked with the noise of so many beasts, rose up, and in great anger spake aloud to the old serpent, and said: "Thou art served well, thou wretched creature: thou art he that diddest say: I will place my seat in the north, and I will be like to the highest: and now through thy pride, see how thou art become like unto hogs and rats; and thou that wouldest needs unworthily be like unto God, behold how thou dost now, according to thy deserts, imitate brute beasts." At these words the wicked serpent was, as I may well term it, ashamed, that he was so disgraciously and basely put down, for well may I say that he was ashamed, who never after troubled that house with any such terrible and monstrous shapes as before he did: for ever after that time, Christian men did inhabit the same; for so soon as one man that was a true and faithful Christian took possession thereof, the lying and faithless spirit straightways did forsake it. But I will now surcease from speaking of things done in former times, and come to such miracles as have happened in our own days.

paragraph: To Dacius was wrongly attributed a legendary history of the first bishops of Milan up to Maternus, known as "Datiana Historia Ecclesiae Mediolanensis". This text is today attributed to Landulf of Milan, a historian of the 11th-century.

description: Archbishop of Milan

wikidata_label: Dacius

wikipedia_title: Dacius (bishop of Milan)


text:
Congolese
footballer
Kingstonian
Millwall
Mansfield Town
Fisher Athletic
Tooting & Mitcham United
Southall
Hornchurch
Redbridge
Chelsea
Croydon Athletic
Kingstonian
Woking

categories: Redbridge F.C. players,Hornchurch F.C. players,English Football League players,Kingstonian F.C. players,1984 births,National League (English football) players,Mansfield Town F.C. players,Democratic Republic of the Congo footballers,Fisher Athletic F.C. players,Croydon Athletic F.C. players,Tooting & Mitcham United F.C. players,Woking F.C. players,Southall F.C. players,Living people

paragraph: Goma Lambu

paragraph: Goma Lambu (born 10 November 1984) is a Congolese footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or right winger for Kingstonian.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Lambu has played at Millwall and Mansfield Town and played for the England under-16 team. Following his release from Mansfield, Fisher Athletic, Tooting & Mitcham United, Southall, Hornchurch and Redbridge. In 2003, he had a trial at Chelsea.

paragraph: At 21, he signed at the beginning of the 2006–07 season on a contract to keep him at Woking until the end of that season. On 6 June 2007, he signed another one-year contract which saw him at Woking until 2008. Lambu was released in 2009.

paragraph: He joined Croydon Athletic following his release from Woking. Goma Lambu joined Kingstonian before the start of the 2012-13 season after another spell with Woking

description: Footballer

wikidata_label: Goma Lambu

wikipedia_title: Goma Lambu


text:
Kadamba Dynasty
Banavasi
Southern India
Talagunda
Halmidi inscription
Guptas

categories: Dynasties of India,5th-century Indian monarchs,History of Karnataka,Hindu dynasties,Empires and kingdoms of India

paragraph: Kakusthavarma

paragraph: Kakusthavarma (435–455) was a ruler of the Kadamba Dynasty of Banavasi in Southern India during the 5th century. Under his rule, the dynasty attained the height of its greatness. Talagunda and Halmidi inscriptions praise him as a formidable Kadamba warrior. He was able to maintain a good relationship with the imperial Guptas.

description: Ancient Indian ruler

wikidata_label: Kakusthavarma

wikipedia_title: Kakusthavarma


text: basketball

text: center

text: Marshall High School

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: Chicago Public League

text: Chicago Sun-Times

text: University of Cincinnati

text: Oscar Robertson

text: Ed Jucker

text: Missouri Valley Conference

text: Ohio State

text: The Sporting News

text: Converse

text: Loyola University Chicago

text: Ron Bonham

text: Dayton

text: 1964 Summer Olympics

text: Tokyo, Japan

text: Cincinnati Royals

text: 1964 NBA draft

text: Chicago Bulls

text: Seattle SuperSonics

text: 1967 NBA Expansion Draft

text: Phoenix Suns

text: 1968 NBA Expansion Draft

text: Philadelphia 76ers

text: Buffalo Braves

text: points per game

text: rebounds per game

text: Kappa Alpha Psi

text: IHSA boys basketball tournament

text: Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame

text: YMCA

text: Fairfield, Ohio

categories: Phoenix Suns expansion draft picks,Buffalo Braves expansion draft picks,Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball),Olympic gold medalists for the United States in basketball,Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics,African-American basketball players,Basketball players from Mississippi,Cincinnati Royals draft picks,Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball players,Cincinnati Royals players,Phoenix Suns players,Basketball players at the 1963 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four,Sportspeople from Meridian, Mississippi,1942 births,Centers (basketball),People from Fairfield, Ohio,Buffalo Braves players,Seattle SuperSonics players,Basketball players at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Living people,Sportspeople from the Cincinnati–Northern Kentucky metropolitan area,United States men's national basketball team players,Chicago Bulls players,Seattle SuperSonics expansion draft picks,Philadelphia 76ers players,Basketball players at the 1962 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four

paragraph: George Wilson (basketball, born 1942)

paragraph: George Wilson (born May 9, 1942) is a retired American professional basketball player.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: A 6'8" (2.03 m), 225 lb (102 kg) center, Wilson starred at Marshall High School in Chicago, Illinois. He led the Commandos to four straight appearances in the Chicago Public League, and they won Illinois state championships in 1958 and 1960.

paragraph: As a senior, he was named a high school All-American after three seasons of averaging 25, 27, and 26 points per game, and in 1960 he was the inaugural winner of the "Chicago Sun-Times" Player of the Year award. Wilson was named All-State three years.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Recruited by many colleges, he chose to attend the University of Cincinnati primarily because of his admiration of Bearcats' star Oscar Robertson. As a sophomore in his first year on the varsity in 1961–62, he broke into the starting lineup for Ed Jucker's Bearcats in the 14th game, and for the season he averaged 9.2 points per game. The Bearcats were co-champions of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) and posted a record of 29-2, capping off the season by winning the NCAA championship game over Ohio State 71-59, the Bearcats' second consecutive national title.

paragraph: As a junior in 1962–63, Wilson led the Bearcats with 11.2 rebounds per game, a .505 field goal percentage. and 1.4 blocked shots to go with 15.0 points per game. He was named All-MVC, and he was named second-team All-American by "The Sporting News" and Converse. The Bearcats went 26-2, again won the MVC and advanced to the NCAA championship game for the third consecutive season, but they were beaten by Loyola University Chicago in overtime, 60-58.

paragraph: In his senior season of 1963–64, Wilson (who was team co-captain with Ron Bonham) again led the Bearcats in rebounding with 12.5 per game, field goal percentage at .535 and blocked shots with 1.7 per game. He set a new Bearcats record with eight blocked shots in a game against Dayton. He also poured in 16.1 points per game as he was again named All-MVC. The Bearcats finished the season 17-9.

paragraph: Section::::1964 Olympics.

paragraph: Wilson was a member of the U.S. Olympic basketball team that went undefeated and won the gold medal in the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

paragraph: Section::::NBA career.

paragraph: Wilson was then drafted by the Cincinnati Royals with their territorial selection in the 1964 NBA draft.

paragraph: He played seven seasons in the NBA with the Royals, Chicago Bulls, Seattle SuperSonics (acquired via the 1967 NBA Expansion Draft), Phoenix Suns (acquired via the 1968 NBA Expansion Draft), Philadelphia 76ers, and Buffalo Braves (acquired via expansion draft prior to the 1970–71 season), averaging 5.4 points per game and 5.2 rebounds per game in his career.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Wilson graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1964 with a degree in education. He is also a member of the Beta Eta chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.

paragraph: In 2006 Wilson was voted as one of the 100 Legends of the IHSA Boys Basketball Tournament, a group of former players and coaches in honor of the 100 anniversary of the IHSA boys basketball tournament. In 2010 Wilson was inducted into the Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Wilson currently works as a YMCA director and lives in Fairfield, Ohio. He has competed in the Senior Olympics in golf, basketball, and horseshoes.

description: basketball player from the United States born in 1942

wikidata_label: George Wilson

wikipedia_title: George Wilson (basketball, born 1942)


text:
Prefect
census
Quirinius
Marcus Ambivulus
Roman Procurator coinage

wikipedia_title:
Prefect
Census of Quirinius
Quirinius
Marcus Ambivulus
Roman Procurator coinage

categories: 1st-century Romans,Roman governors of Judea

paragraph: Coponius

paragraph: Coponius was the first governor (Prefect) of Judaea province, from 6–9 AD.

paragraph: He was, like the Prefects who succeeded him, of knightly rank, and "had the power of life and death". During his administration occurred the revolt of Judas the Galilean, the cause of which was not so much the personality of Coponius as the introduction of Roman soldiers. Owing to the reconstruction of the province of Judea then in progress, the census was being taken by Quirinius, which was a further cause of offence.

paragraph: Coponius was recalled to Rome, and replaced by Marcus Ambivulus. Probably it is on account of this occurrence that one door of the Temple bore the name of "door of Coponius". Regarding the personal attitude of Coponius toward the Jews nothing definite is known.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Procurator coinage

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schürer, Gesch. 3d ed., i. 487;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schlatter, Zur Topogr. und Gesch. Palästinas, p. 206;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krauss, Lehnwörter, ii. 537.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Source

description: politician

wikidata_label: Coponius

wikipedia_title: Coponius


text:
Syriac
Ehden
Lebanon
Maronite
polyglot
Mount Lebanon
Maronite
Ehden
Arabic
Syriac,
de Thou
Sorbonne
Blois
Richelieu
Vincennes
Book of Ruth
Vitre

wikipedia_title:
Syriac language
Ehden
Lebanon
Maronite Church
Polyglot (book)
Mount Lebanon
Maronite Church
Ehden
Syriac language
Arabic
De Thou
Sorbonne
Blois
Cardinal Richelieu
Vincennes
Book of Ruth
Antoine Vitré

categories: 1648 deaths,Lebanese Maronites,1577 births

paragraph: Gabriel Sionita

paragraph: Gabriel Sionita (Syriac: Jibrā'īl aṣ-Ṣahyūnī; 1577 at Ehden in Lebanon – 1648 in Paris) was a learned Maronite, famous for his role in the publication of the 1645 Parisian polyglot of the Bible.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Gabriel Sionita was born Jibrayil al-Sahyuni Al Karami in Mount Lebanon, in the Maronite village of Ehden, to an old family of village notables and clerics, known today as the Karam family. Maronite Patriarch al-Rizzi or Sergius Risius (1581-1597) sent Sionita and nine other Maronite children to Rome at the age of seven to study in the new Maronite College. In Rome, he learnt Latin and Arabicon top of his native Syriac, and acquired a slight knowledge of Hebrew. He studied theology, but only went into the priesthood later, in Paris, aged 45.

paragraph: Savary de Breves was French ambassador to Turkey and was interested in Oriental studies. When recalled from Rome, he took two Maronites with him to Paris, to assist in the publication of the polyglot under the auspices of de Thou, the royal librarian, and Cardinal Duperron. The two Maronites were Gabriel Sionita and John Hesronita, Gabriel being the more prominent of the two. They received an annual stipend of 600 livres, and Gabriel was appointed to the chair of Semitic languages at Sorbonne.

paragraph: Both de Thou and Duperron died within four years, and serious financial difficulties arose. In 1619, the assembly of French clergy at Blois granted 8,000 livres to support the undertaking; but through some malversation of funds, this money was never actually paid; at least, such is the accusation brought by Gabriel in his preface to the "Syriac Psalter", which he published. The Maronites seem to have become involved in pecuniary embarrassments, which led to feuds with the leaders of the undertaking. In 1619, however, by royal diploma, Gabriel's stipend had been raised to 1,200 livres. The following year he received the a doctorate, and two years later, the priesthood.

paragraph: In 1626, as Gabriel held no classes owing to the lack of students, his stipend was curtailed. After some time, however, he was paid on the original offer; and in 1629, his salary was increased to 2,000 livres. In 1630, he recommenced work on the polyglot. He did not apply himself fully to the work, and was even accused of carelessness in the work. He again found himself in difficulties.

paragraph: In the quarrel which ensued, Richelieu supported the editor, Guy Michel Le Jay, against the Maronites. As it was feared that Gabriel might leave the country, the cardinal had him imprisoned in Vincennes (1640). He was released after three months, when he had signed an undertaking and given sureties that he would prepare the texts for the polyglot. He completed his great task some time before his death, at the age of 71.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Gabriel's work in the polyglot included revising and correcting almost all of the Syriac and Arabic texts. He translated the Arabic and Syriac texts into Latin, with the exceptions of the Book of Ruth. But he only made a revision and not a fresh translation of the Gospels into Latin, nor did he translate from Syriac into Latin the Sapiential Books or the Apocalypse. Together with John Hesronita and Victor Sciala, he published a Latin translation of the (Arabic) Psalter in 1614. In 1616, he published a document on Arabic grammar, of which one division (Liber I) appeared, containing the rules for reading.

paragraph: In 1619, his "Geographia Nubiensis" (meaning a translation of the Maronite editions of the same) of Edrisi's geography, with a small treatise as an appendix, "De nonnullis Orient. urb. nec non indig. relig. ac. moribus". In 1634, he was issued a "Poema enigmaticum" in praise of Divine wisdom by an ancient Syrian philosopher.

paragraph: 1630 saw the publication of his "Testamentum et pactiones inter Mohammedem et Christianae fidei cultores", an edition of the medieval Arabic document, the "Achtiname" of Muhammad, with Latin translation.

paragraph: Finally, three small pamphlets appeared between 1640 and 1642, one in Latin and two in French, containing his defence in the actions of Le Jay and Vitre.

description: Lebanese scholar

wikidata_label: Gabriel Sionita

wikipedia_title: Gabriel Sionita


text:
American
U.S. Representative
California
Vacaville, California
Leonard W. Buck
California State Senate
University of California at Berkeley
Harvard University
admitted to the bar
San Francisco, California
Burton E. Green
Charles A. Canfield
Max Whittier
William F. Herrin
Henry E. Huntington
William G. Kerckhoff
Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas
Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker
Beverly Hills, California
Democrat
U.S. House of Representatives
Washington, D.C.
Social Security
Christian Brevoort Zabriskie
Vacaville, California
Frank H. Buck Scholarship

wikipedia_title: Admission to the bar in the United States

categories: Businesspeople from San Francisco,Politicians from San Francisco,American Presbyterians,Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives,1942 deaths,People from Vacaville, California,Members of the United States House of Representatives from California,California Democrats,People from Beverly Hills, California,University of California, Berkeley alumni,Harvard Law School alumni,1887 births

paragraph: Frank H. Buck

paragraph: Frank Henry Buck (September 23, 1887 – September 17, 1942) was an American heir, businessman and politician. He served as U.S. Representative from California from 1933 to 1942.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Frank Buck was born on a ranch near Vacaville, California on September 23, 1887. His grandfather, Leonard W. Buck, was the founder of the Buck Company, a fruit-growing company, who had been elected to the California State Senate in 1895. He attended the public schools. He was a member of the Theta Delta Chi fraternity, and graduated from the University of California at Berkeley in 1908 and from the law department of Harvard University in 1911. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in San Francisco, California.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Business.

paragraph: He was involved in business ventures including fruit growing, oil refining, and lumber, partly thanks to his inheritance.

paragraph: In 1900, together with Burton E. Green (1868-1965), Charles A. Canfield (1848-1913), Max Whittier (1867–1928), William F. Herrin (1854-1927), Henry E. Huntington (1850-1927), William G. Kerckhoff (1856–1929), W.S. Porter and Frank H. Balch, known as the Amalgated Oil Company, he purchased Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas from Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker and renamed it Morocco Junction. After drilling for oil and only finding water, they reorganized their business into the Rodeo Land and Water Company to develop a new residential town later known as Beverly Hills, California.

paragraph: He became the leader of the newly founded California Grower's and Shipper's Protective League, a lobbying organization to protect the rights of fruit and vegetable growers. In 1933, he sold the Buck Company, his grandfather's company, to the Pacific Fruit Exchange.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Politics.

paragraph: He served as delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1928, 1936, and 1940. In 1932, he was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives. He served in Congress from March 4, 1933 until his death in Washington, D.C. on September 17, 1942. He is credited with naming the Social Security program.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: He married Zayda Zabriskie (daughter of Christian Brevoort Zabriskie) in 1911 and they had four children, Frank Henry Buck III (1912-1993), Margaret Ann Buck(1913-), Christian Brevoort Zabriskie Buck (1914-1995) and Edward Zabriskie Elvis Buck (1917-1964). After they divorced, he married Eva Mathilde Benson in 1926, and they had two children, William Benson Buck and Carol Franz Buck (1936-). He died on September 17, 1942, while still in office.

paragraph: He was interred in Vacaville-Elmira Cemetery, in Vacaville, California. His wife, Eva Benson Buck, founded the Frank H. Buck Scholarship, which is awarded each year to eight to 16 high school seniors, who have to live in his former congressional district. She was an active philanthropist until her death in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Frank H. Buck

wikipedia_title: Frank H. Buck


text:
Nether Wallop
Hampshire
1936 Winter Olympics
Hollywood
Anton Dolin
Never Let Me Go
Clark Gable
The Man on the Eiffel Tower
Charles Laughton
Monogram Pictures
Lady, Let's Dance
Suspense
Madison Square Garden
Duke Ellington
Montpeyroux, Hérault
Lady, Let's Dance
Suspense
The Gangster
The Hunted
The Man on the Eiffel Tower
Never Let Me Go
Invitation to the Dance
The Terrace

categories: Olympic figure skaters of Great Britain,2005 deaths,British female single skaters,English film actresses,British expatriate actresses in the United States,People from Test Valley,Figure skaters at the 1936 Winter Olympics,1923 births,British expatriates in France

paragraph: Belita

paragraph: Maria Belita Jepson-Turner (21 October 1923 – 18 December 2005), known professionally as Belita, was a British Olympic figure skater, dancer and film actress.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born at Nether Wallop, Hampshire, she skated (as Belita Jepson-Turner) for the United Kingdom in the 1936 Winter Olympics, where she was placed 16th in the singles, then her career turned towards Hollywood. She had classical Russian ballet training which carried over into her skating, and she was considered far superior to others skating at that time. As a young ballerina she was partner to Anton Dolin, appearing with the Dolin-Markova Ballet.

paragraph: She appeared in films including "Never Let Me Go" (1953) with Clark Gable and "The Man on the Eiffel Tower" (1949) opposite Charles Laughton. For a brief period she was Monogram Pictures' highest-paid star. She made several highly profitable productions for Monogram, including "Silver Skates" (1943), "Lady, Let's Dance" (1944), and the film noir "Suspense" (1946).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1946, Belita married Joel McGinnis; they divorced in 1956. She remarried, to Irish actor James Berwick, né James Kenny (1929–2000). In 1956, she retired from skating, and three years later gave up show business altogether. She appeared briefly on the ice at Madison Square Garden in New York City in 1981 in a short production based on "Solitude" by Duke Ellington. Both marriages were childless.

paragraph: Belita retired to live in Montpeyroux, Hérault, France, where she died in 2005, aged 82.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Silver Skates" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lady, Let's Dance" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Suspense" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gangster" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hunted" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man on the Eiffel Tower" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Never Let Me Go" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Invitation to the Dance" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Terrace" (1963)

alias: Maria Belita Gladys Olive Lyne Jepson-Turner

wikidata_label: Belita

wikipedia_title: Belita


text:
Scottish
Conservative
Cheltenham College
World War II
Royal Air Force
CBE
Glasgow Govan
Glasgow Craigton
House of Lords
Parliamentary Private Secretary
Secretary of State for Scotland
Under-Secretary of State for Scotland
life peer
Glasgow
Minister of State for Scotland
Privy Counsellor

categories: Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies,UK MPs 1951–1955,Royal Air Force personnel of World War II,1993 deaths,UK MPs 1950–1951,Anglo-Scots,UK MPs 1955–1959,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,Royal Air Force officers,1904 births,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies,Unionist Party (Scotland) MPs

paragraph: Jack Browne, Baron Craigton

paragraph: Jack Nixon Browne, Baron Craigton (3 September 1904 – 28 July 1993) was a Scottish Conservative politician.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The son of Edwin Gilbert Izod, he adopted the surname Browne in 1920 as his family felt his more unusual surname a handicap.

paragraph: Educated at Cheltenham College, Browne served in World War II as an Acting Group Captain in Balloon Command of the Royal Air Force. He was awarded the CBE in 1944.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: He unsuccessfully contested the working-class constituency of Glasgow Govan in 1945, but was elected as Member of Parliament for the seat in 1950, holding it until 1955. He was then elected as Member for Glasgow Craigton in 1955, holding that seat until September 1959 at which point he was elevated to the House of Lords.

paragraph: He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Scotland from 1952 until April 1955, when he was appointed a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland. In November 1959 he was created a life peer, as Baron Craigton, of Renfield in the County of the City of Glasgow.

paragraph: In October 1959 he was promoted to Minister of State for Scotland, holding that office until October 1964. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1961. He later held a number of important business positions, including chairman of United Biscuits Holdings, and was associated with environmental groups including the World Wildlife Fund.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Jack Browne, Baron Craigton

wikipedia_title: Jack Browne, Baron Craigton


text: Dutch Golden Age

text: Rembrandt

text: Haarlem

text: Amsterdam

text: Haarlem Guild of St. Luke

text: Willem Drost

text: Hendrick Martensz Sorgh

categories: 1668 deaths,Dutch Golden Age painters,Members of the Haarlem Guild of Saint Luke,Dutch male painters,Artists from Haarlem,1608 births

paragraph: Willem de Poorter

paragraph: Willem de Poorter (1608–1668) was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to Houbraken he painted a very good "Queen of Sheba", but he painted mostly still lifes.

paragraph: His surviving paintings today are mainly small historical allegories and still lifes with metal objects. Though he has been considered in the past by (some) 19th century historians to have been a pupil of Rembrandt, he in fact lived and worked in Haarlem, not Amsterdam. He was registered as a painter in Haarlem in 1631 and in 1634 as a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke. The confusion about being a pupil of Rembrandt comes from an incorrect reading of Houbraken, who mentions him in the same paragraph along with two other painters; a painter by the last name of Van Terlee, and the much younger Willem Drost, who did live in Amsterdam as a young man, and was in fact a pupil of Rembrandt there.

paragraph: De Poorter later influenced Hendrick Martensz Sorgh.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works and literature on Willem de Poorter at PubHist

alias:
Willem De Poorter
Willem de Pooter
W.D. Poorter
Wilhelm de Poorter
vander Poorter
W. de Porter
Wilh. le Poorter
W. De Poorter
Deporter
eller Wilhelm de Poorter W.D.P.
De Porter
Poorter
W.D. Porter
de Poorter

description: Dutch painter

wikidata_label: Willem de Poorter

wikipedia_title: Willem de Poorter


text:
association football
international level
HIFK
HJK
Nordic combined
1924 Winter Olympics

categories: Association footballers not categorized by position,Finland international footballers,Nordic combined skiers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,1955 deaths,1897 births,HIFK Fotboll players,Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi players,Finnish male Nordic combined skiers,Finnish footballers,Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Finland

paragraph: Verner Eklöf

paragraph: Verner Edmund Eklöf (8 March 1897 – 2 December 1955) was a Finnish sportsman active in the 1920s.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Association football.

paragraph: Eklöf played association football at international level, scoring 17 goals in 32 appearances between 1919 and 1927. Eklöf played club football for HIFK and HJK. His move from HIFK to HJK in 1920 is considered the first major transfer in Finnish football history.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Olympics.

paragraph: Eklöf competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1924 Winter Olympics, finishing ninth overall.

description: Finnish sportsman - alpine, football and bandy

wikidata_label: Verner Eklöf

wikipedia_title: Verner Eklöf


text:
French
scholar
translator
printer
Inquisition
parlement
Sorbonne
Orléans
Francis I
Paris
Nicolas Bérauld
Coligny
Padua
Simon de Villanova
Jean de Langeac
bishop of Limoges
Venice
Battista Egnazio
Latin
Toulouse
law
Erasmus
Ciceronian controversy
Sébastien Gryphe
Lyon
Greek
Italian
French
homicide
New Testament
Rabelais
atheism
Pierre Duchatel
Bishop of Tulle
Piedmont
king of France
queen of Navarre
Sorbonne
Place Maubert
Protestantism
rationalism
Calvin
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
Son of God
Scriptures
Anti-Trinitarian
Christie, Richard Copley

categories: 1509 births,16th-century executions by France,French printers,People from Orléans,French classical scholars,16th-century French people,1546 deaths,French translators,People executed for heresy,People executed by France by burning,Executed French people,Executed people from Centre-Val de Loire

paragraph: Étienne Dolet

paragraph: Étienne Dolet (; 3 August 1509 – 3 August 1546) was a French scholar, translator and printer. Dolet was a controversial figure throughout his lifetime. His early attacks upon the Inquisition, the city council and other authorities in Toulouse, together with his later publications in Lyon treating of theological subjects, roused the French Inquisition to monitor his activities closely. After being imprisoned several times, he was eventually convicted of heresy, strangled and burned with his books due to the combined efforts of the parlement of Paris, the Inquisition, and the theological faculty of the Sorbonne.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Étienne Dolet was born in Orléans on 3 August 1509. According to tradition, he is the illegitimate son of Francis I, but it is possible that he was at least connected with some family of rank and wealth.

paragraph: From Orléans he was taken to Paris about 1521, and after studying under Nicolas Bérauld, the teacher of Coligny, he proceeded in 1526 to Padua. The death of his friend and master, Simon de Villanova, led him, in 1530, to accept the post of secretary to Jean de Langeac, bishop of Limoges and French ambassador to the republic of Venice; he contrived, however, to attend the lectures of the Venetian scholar Battista Egnazio, and found time to write Latin love poems to a Venetian woman named Elena.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Returning to France soon afterwards he proceeded to Toulouse to study law, where he soon became involved in the violent disputes between the different nations (students being organized by nation of origin) of the university. As a result, he was thrown into prison and finally banished by a decree of the "parlement". He entered the lists against Erasmus in the famous "Ciceronian controversy" (was Cicero the ideal exemplar of Latin prose or could one follow more fruitfully a variety of authors?) in which he took an ultra-Ciceronian stance. In 1535 he published through Sébastien Gryphe at Lyon a "Dialogus de imitatione Ciceroniana". The following year saw the appearance of his two folio volumes "Commentariorum linguae Latinae". This work was dedicated to Francis I, who gave him the privilege of printing, for a ten-year period, any works in Latin, Greek, Italian or French, which were the product of his own pen or had received his supervision. Accordingly, on his release from an imprisonment occasioned by his homicide of a painter named Henri Guillot, also called Compaing, he began his typographical and editorial labours at Lyon.

paragraph: Section::::Cato christianus.

paragraph: He endeavoured to conciliate his opponents by publishing a "Cato christianus", in which he made profession of his creed. The catholicity of his literary appreciation was soon displayed by the works which proceeded from his press: ancient and modern, sacred and secular, from the New Testament in Latin to Rabelais in French. But before the term of his privilege expired his labors were interrupted by his enemies, who succeeded in imprisoning him (1542) on the charge of atheism.

paragraph: Section::::Further imprisonment and death.

paragraph: After imprisonment for fifteen months, Dolet was released by the advocacy of Pierre Duchatel, Bishop of Tulle. He escaped from a second imprisonment in 1544 by his own ingenuity, but, venturing back from Piedmont, whence he had fled in order to print at Lyon the letters by which he appealed for justice to the king of France, the queen of Navarre and the "parlement" of Paris, he was again arrested. He was branded as a relapsed atheist by the theological faculty of the Sorbonne. On 3 August 1546 (his 37th birthday), he was executed in the Place Maubert. On his way there he is said to have composed the punning pentameter "Non dolet ipse Dolet, sed pia turba dolet" (Dolet himself does not suffer, but the pious crowd grieves).

paragraph: Section::::Religious views.

paragraph: Whether Dolet is to be classed with the representatives of Protestantism or with the advocates of anti-Christian rationalism has been frequently disputed; by the principal Protestants of his own time he was not recognized, and by Calvin he was formally condemned, along with Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and his master Villanova, as having uttered execrable blasphemies against the Son of God. The religious character of a large number of the books which he translated or published is sometimes noted in opposition to these charges, as is his advocacy of reading the Scriptures in the vernacular tongue.

paragraph: Dolet has been referred to as an Anti-Trinitarian.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The trial of Dolet was published (1836) by A.H. Taillandier from the registers of the "parlement" of Paris. A bronze statue of Dolet was erected on the Place Maubert in Paris in 1889; it was removed and melted down in 1942 during the German occupation of Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Picquier, Marcel, "Etienne Dolet, 1509-1546: imprimeur humaniste, mort sur le" bûcher, martyr de la libre pensée (nouv. ed., 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boulmier, Joseph, "E. Dolet, sa vie, ses oeuvres, son martyre" (1857)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christie, Richard Copley, "Étienne Dolet, the Martyr of the Renaissance" (2nd ed., 1889), containing a full bibliography of works published by him as author or printer;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Didot, Ambroise Firmin, "Essai sur la typographie" (1852)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galtier, O., "Étienne Dolet" (Paris, 1908).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel, L., "Dolet: sa statue, place Maubert: ses amis, ses ennemis" (1889)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Née de la Rochelle, J.F., "Vie d'Éienne Dolet" (1779)

description: French translator and scholar

wikidata_label: Étienne Dolet

wikipedia_title: Étienne Dolet


text: Swiss

text: electrical engineer

text: invented

text: hook and loop fastener

text: Velcro

text: Colombier

text: Lausanne

text: Switzerland

text: château

text: Commugny

text: National Inventors Hall of Fame

text: burdock

text: burrs

text: Lyon

text: cotton

text: synthetic fiber

text: nylon

text: patent

text: Germany

text: Switzerland

text: United Kingdom

text: Sweden

text: Italy

text: Netherlands

text: Belgium

text: Canada

text: Manchester, New Hampshire

text: United States

text: aerospace

text: astronauts

text: space suit

text: Scuba

text: Short biography

text: National Inventors Hall of Fame

text: New York Times Obituary

text: Reuters

categories: Swiss electrical engineers,Swiss inventors,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne alumni,People from Morges District,1990 deaths,1907 births

paragraph: George de Mestral

paragraph: George de Mestral (June 19, 1907February 8, 1990) was a Swiss electrical engineer who invented the hook and loop fastener which he named Velcro.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born to Albert de Mestral, a civil engineer, and Marthe de Goumoëns in Colombier, near Lausanne, Switzerland. De Mestral designed a toy airplane at age twelve and patented it. He attended the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne. After graduation in 1930, he worked in the machine shop of an engineering company. He went for a hike and when he came back he discovered that his dog was covered in burs that had attached themselves to its fur. He then worked on inventing hook and loop fasteners for ten years starting in 1948. In 1955 he successfully patented hook and loop, eventually selling 60 million yards (about 55,000 km) a year through a multimillion-dollar company.

paragraph: George was married three times: to Jeanne Schnyder in 1932, Monique Panchaud de Bottens in 1949, and Helen Mary Dale. On his father's death in 1966, de Mestral inherited the family home at Colombier, château Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges.

paragraph: De Mestral died in Commugny, Switzerland, where he is buried. The municipality posthumously named an avenue, L'avenue George de Mestral, in his honour. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1999 for inventing hook and loop fasteners.

paragraph: Section::::Invention of Hook and Loop.

paragraph: De Mestral first conceptualized hook and loop after returning from a hunting trip with his dog in the Alps in 1941. After removing several of the burdock burrs (seeds) that kept sticking to his clothes and his dog's fur, he became curious as to how it worked. He examined them under a microscope, and noted hundreds of "hooks" that caught on anything with a loop, such as clothing, animal fur, or hair. He saw the possibility of binding two materials reversibly in a simple fashion, if he could figure out how to duplicate the hooks and loops.

paragraph: Initially people refused to take him and his idea seriously. He took his idea to Lyon, which was then a center of weaving, where he did manage to gain the help of one weaver, who made two cotton strips that worked. However, the cotton wore out quickly, so de Mestral turned to synthetic fibers. He settled on nylon as being the best synthetic after, through trial and error, he eventually discovered that nylon forms hooks that were perfect for the hook side of the fastener when sewn under hot infrared light. Though he had figured out how to make the hooks, he had yet to figure out a way to mechanize the process, and to make the looped side. Next he found that nylon thread, when woven in loops and heat-treated, retains its shape and is resilient, however the loops had to be cut in just the right spot so that they could be fastened and unfastened many times. On the verge of giving up, a new idea came to him. He bought a pair of shears and trimmed the tops off the loops, thus creating hooks that would match up perfectly with the loops.

paragraph: Mechanizing the process of the weave of the hooks took eight years, and it took another year to create the loom that trimmed the loops after weaving them. In all, it took ten years to create a mechanized process that worked. He submitted his idea for patent in Switzerland in 1951 and the patent was granted in 1955. De Mestral expected a high demand immediately. Within a few years, he received patents and subsequently opened shop in Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Canada. In 1957 he branched out to the textile centre of Manchester, New Hampshire in the United States.

paragraph: De Mestral gave the name Velcro, a portmanteau of the French words velours ("velvet"), and crochet ("hook"), to his invention as well as his company, which continues to manufacture and market the fastening system.

paragraph: However, hook and loop's integration into the textile industry took time, partly because of its appearance. Hook and loop in the early 1960s looked like it had been made from left-over bits of cheap fabric, an unappealing aspect for clothiers. The first notable use for Velcro® brand hook and loop came in the aerospace industry, where it helped astronauts maneuver in and out of bulky space suits. Eventually, skiers noted the similar advantages of a suit that was easier to get in and out of. Scuba and marine gear followed soon after.

paragraph: De Mestral unsuccessfully tried to update his patent; it expired in 1978.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le château de Saint Saphorin sur Morges" at "Swiss Castles"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short biography at National Inventors Hall of Fame

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Times Obituary written by Reuters

description: electrical engineer

wikidata_label: George de Mestral

wikipedia_title: George de Mestral