text: Musashino Art University

text: dung beetle

text: Daikanyama

text: United States

text: Yale University School of Art

text: Vito Acconci

text: Frank Gehry

text: New York

text: Storefront for Art and Architecture

text: Los Angeles

text: Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions

text: Art in America

text: New York

text: Venice Biennale

text: Alcatraz Island

text: San Francisco Bay

text: Takashi Murakami

text: Storefront For Art and Architecture

text: Gulf War

text: Tamiya

text: Ultraman

text: Asian Cultural Council

text: New York

text: Japanese flag

text: Naoshima

text: Naoshima

text: Okayama Prefecture

text: Meiji Period

text: Inujima

text: Benesse Corporation

text: Soichiro Fukutake

text: Yukio Mishima

text: Seto Inland Sea

text: Whitney Biennial

text: Cai Guo-Qiang

text: Jasper Jones

text: Hiroshima City Contemporary Art Museum

text: September 11 attacks

text: New York

text: San Francisco

text: Genkai Sea

text: Itoshima City

text: Fukuoka prefecture

text: solar energy

text: Japan

text: Hiroshima City University

text: Kazuyo Sejima

text: Onomichi

text: Yokohama

text: Mainichi Shimbun

text: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: Japan

text: The Museum of Art, Kochi

text: Japan

text: Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo

text: National Gallery of Australia

text: The Fabric Workshop and Museum

text: Philadelphia

text: Tate Modern

text: United Kingdom

text: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

text: Japan

text: Vito Acconci

text: Frank Gehry

text: Soichiro Fukutake

text: Yukio Mishima

text: Jasper Jones

text: Venice Biennale

text: Inujima Seirensho Art Museum

text: ART BASE MOMOSHIMA

categories: 20th-century American artists,People from Fukuoka,1959 births,Yale University alumni,21st-century Japanese artists,20th-century Japanese artists,Japanese emigrants to the United States,21st-century American artists,Japanese contemporary artists,Living people

paragraph: Yukinori Yanagi

paragraph: Section::::Education and Career.

paragraph: He earned a bachelor's and master's of fine arts, both from Musashino Art University.

paragraph: From 1986, Yanagi began to exhibit artwork such as those using ants and soil balls that represent dung beetle rolled balls, addressing the issues of “movement” from the perspective of an outsider of the art world’s system. Yanagi had an opportunity to exhibit works at the Hillside Gallery in Daikanyama, where he showed various pieces including a smoke performance piece I Feel Yellow. Yanagi was awarded the Excellence Award in Art Document from the Tochigi Prefectural Art Museum of Fine Arts in 1987.

paragraph: Yanagi moved to United States after he received a scholarship from the Sculpture Department of the Graduate School of Yale University School of Art in 1988, where he studied under Vito Acconci, Frank Gehry, among others. His graduating piece, Wandering Mickey earned him an excellence award. After graduating from Yale, Yanagi held solo exhibitions first in New York’s Storefront for Art and Architecture in 1990, and in 1991 in Los Angeles’s LACE (Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions). It was then that his work, The World Flag Ant Farm (1990) was exhibited. This piece features national flags made of sand being destroyed by ants moving through them. This work was featured on the cover of Art in America, one of the leading art magazines in the States. Yanagi moved to New York where he started to work internationally.

paragraph: "The World Flag Ant Farm" was awarded the Aperto Award at the 45th Venice Biennale in 1993. He created an art project on Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay’s former prison island, in 1996.

paragraph: Yanagi’s “Hinomaru-series” works feature Japanese pop culture icons and attracted attention as it touched on the issues of Japanese social, political and economic ideologies. It has been influential on artists of the same generation including Takashi Murakami and Masato Nakamura. “Hinomaru-series” includes Hi-no-maru 1/36, shown at New York’s Storefront For Art and Architecture just before the Gulf War, Self-Defence at Hillside Gallery in 1990, using Tamiya’s toy military tanks and Banzai Corner at Hosomi Gallery in 1990, with hundreds of Ultraman and Ultra Seven superhero figurines.

paragraph: In 1992, with the aid of the Asian Cultural Council, Yanagi was invited to the PS1 Studio Program in New York. In the same year, he exhibited "Hi-no-maru Illumination," a huge Japanese flag in neon at the Fuji TV Gallery. He was also invited to open a solo exhibition at the Naoshima Contemporary Art Museum (now Benesse House at Benesse Art Site Naoshima), which had only newly opened in 1992. His stay on Naoshima inspired an idea for a new work on an island in the Seto Inland Sea. After three years of looking for an appropriate site, he came across Okayama Prefecture’s Inujima, which is dotted with copper refinery ruins dating back to the Meiji Period, and the idea of the Inujima Project was formed. He began traveling between New York and Inujima.

paragraph: In 1995, Yanagi’s vision for the revitalization of the whole island of Inujima by turning the copper refinery ruins into art and using renewable energy, was realized with the support from Benesse Corporation’s CEO at the time, Soichiro Fukutake. In 2008, Inujima Art Project’s “Seirensho”, which combines features of the house of Yukio Mishima and Heritage Industrial Modernization, opened and is now known as Inujima Seirensho Art Museum. The project took a total of 13 years to complete. It became a forerunner of Art Setouchi, the art projects on the islands in the Seto Inland Sea.

paragraph: In 2000, Yanagi became the first foreign artist living in New York to be invited to exhibit at the Whitney Biennial, alongside Cai Guo-Qiang. Yanagi presented his “Study For American Art” series, which included his "Three Flags," Jasper Jones inspired piece.

paragraph: In the same year, after the first retrospective exhibition at Hiroshima City Contemporary Art Museum, and just before the September 11 attacks, Yanagi closed his studios in New York and San Francisco, moving to a self-designed studio situated on the north face of the mountains facing the Genkai Sea, in Itoshima City, Fukuoka prefecture. The solar energy system used there is passed on to the Inujima Project.

paragraph: In 2005, after returning to Japan, Yanagi began working as an associate professor in the Faculty of Art at Hiroshima City University. He started contemporary art and theory major in the faculty of Arts and launched the Hiroshima Art Project, utilizing unused facilities due to the exposure to radiation, as sites to exhibit artworks.

paragraph: The Inujima Art House Project during the 1 Art Setouchi in 2010, featured three installations in the Inujima village, by Yanagi in collaboration with architect Kazuyo Sejima. After the completion of the Inujima Project, he took on the challenge of transforming an old junior high school on the remote island of Momoshima Island, Onomichi City, Hiroshima prefecture, to make ART BASE MOMOSHIMA, and work in the Onomichi Channel area.

paragraph: In 2016, Yanagi’s large-scale solo exhibition at Yokohama’s BankART1929 explored the 30 years of his artwork and took up the whole museum. He unveiled "Project God-zilla", a work about the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster of 2011.　This exhibition was selected as the best exhibition of the year from both the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper and the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper.

paragraph: Section::::Notable artwork and Public collections.

paragraph: Banzai Corner(1991) - Fukutake Foundation, Japan

paragraph: Hinomaru Illumination(1992) - The Museum of Art, Kochi , Japan

paragraph: Hinomaru Container - Yamato Tumulus Type (1992) - Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo

paragraph: Chrysanthemum Carpet (1994) - National Gallery of Australia

paragraph: Article 9 (1994)

paragraph: The Forbidden Box (1995) - The Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia, USA

paragraph: Pacific - The Ant Farm Project - (1996) - Tate Modern, United Kingdom

paragraph: Dollar Pyramid (2000) - Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

paragraph: Inujima Seirensho Art Museum (2008) - Fukutake Foundation, Japan

paragraph: Icarus Cell (2016)

paragraph: Project God-zilla - Landscape with an Eye - (2016)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Vito Acconci

paragraph: Frank Gehry

paragraph: Soichiro Fukutake

paragraph: Yukio Mishima

paragraph: Jasper Jones

paragraph: Venice Biennale

paragraph: Section::::External Links.

paragraph: Inujima Seirensho Art Museum

paragraph: ART BASE MOMOSHIMA

wikidata_label: Yukinori Yanagi

wikipedia_title: Yukinori Yanagi


text:
experimental music
highlife
hip hop
rap
Edem
R2bees
Joey B
Edem
Efya
Magnom
Pheelz Mr. Producer
MTN Ghana
Vogue Magazine UK
Chalewote
Joey B
Magnom
Dblack
EL
Stonebwoy
Ayat
Edem

paragraph: Darkovibes

paragraph: Andrew Paul Nii Amu Darko (born 1995), known popularly as Darkovibes, is a Ghanaian born singer, songwriter and fashionista. His music categorizes as experimental music where he blends highlife, hip hop and rap. Darkovibes is known for his 2016 single 'Mercy'.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: In 2012, he met Vacs, a music producer, who helped build him up as an artist and helped direct his musical career initially. From then on, he has worked with many artists, showbiz influencers and music producers on both fashion and music projects in Ghana and other parts of Africa.

paragraph: Recently, he earned recognition as a nominee in the hip hop song of the year category at the Ghana Music Awards 2017 for his feature on Edem’s hit ‘Egboame’ the Remix. .

paragraph: Section::::Collaborations and influences.

paragraph: Darkovibes has collaborated with artists including Omar Sterling of R2bees, Joey B, Edem, Efya, Magnom, Vacs (Music Producer), Pheelz Mr. Producer from Nigeria, and Kuvie (Music Producer). In 2016, he worked with MTN Ghana by writing and performing the theme song for the MTN Pulse Campaign.

paragraph: As a member of the creative collective, La Meme Gang, he has collaborated with all the other members, namely, Kiddblack, Nxwrth, RJZ, $pacely and Kwaku BS. La Meme Gang released their first collaborative studio tape, La Meme Tape, in 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Fashion style.

paragraph: In 2017, Darkovibes, among a few others, was picked by "Vogue Magazine UK" to describe his distinctive style in music and fashion at Ghana’s annual art and culture festival – ‘Chalewote’.

paragraph: His fashion sense infuses unique fashion styles of colored hairstyles, side bags and fashion elements from the 80's.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bo Nor (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shutdown (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Placebo (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tomorrow (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mercy (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shuga (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Siamese (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Features.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Features.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joey B- Darryl EP (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magnom- We Speed (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Meme Gang- La Meme Tape (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- PAQ- The Afrobeat Tape (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dblack- Hunger & Thirst (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- EL- WAV (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Features.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stonebwoy - Stay Woke (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayat - Bangers (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edem - Egboame (Remix) (2017)

wikidata_label: Darkovibes

wikipedia_title: Darkovibes


text:
Wigmund (archbishop of York)
Wigmund (bishop of Dorchester)
Wigmund of Mercia

paragraph: Wigmund

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wigmund (archbishop of York)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wigmund (bishop of Dorchester)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wigmund of Mercia

wikipedia_title: Wigmund


text:
architect
architectural engineering
Delft University of Technology
Leeuwarden
Hurdegaryp
functionalist
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Museum of Modern Art
Frisian
bequest
Fries Museum
Hubert-Jan Henket
List of Dutch architects
Abe Bonnema
RKD
Abe Bonnema Foundation
abe2018

categories: Dutch architects,2001 deaths,Delft University of Technology alumni,People from Leeuwarderadeel,1926 births

paragraph: Abe Bonnema

paragraph: Abe Bonnema (6 September 1926 – 9 August 2001) was a Dutch architect.

paragraph: He studied architectural engineering at the Delft University of Technology. He established his own office for architecture and spatial planning, first in Leeuwarden, then in Hurdegaryp. He was a functionalist architect. In addition to buildings for care, education and offices, Bonnema has designed more than a thousand homes in Leeuwarden.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: Exhibitions of his work took place in various museums, including Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam and the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Abe Bonnema Foundation manages the legacy of the Frisian architect. The Foundation aims to contribute to stimulating the quality of architecture in the Netherlands by awarding the Abe Bonnema Prize. At the same time, the Foundation wishes to draw renewed attention to the ideas and oeuvre of the architect ir. Bonnema in this way.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Fries Museum.

paragraph: Bonnema has left a legacy to the city of Leeuwarden under certain conditions (executory bequest). The money had to be spent on a new accommodation for the Fries Museum. This new museum had to be built on the Zaailand and the design had to be made by Hubert-Jan Henket in collaboration with his architectural firm Bonnema Architects. The building has been realized and was opened in 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Abe Bonnema Prize.

paragraph: The Abe Bonnema Prize is an initiative of the Abe Bonnema Foundation. The purpose of the Abe Bonnema Prize is to focus attention on the architects of projects that are exemplary through the application of innovative concepts and aspects, set a new standard or be a model of innovation of the architecture.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Dutch architects

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marijke Martin (2003) "Abe Bonnema architect". Uitgeverij 010

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abe Bonnema on RKD

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abe Bonnema Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- abe2018

description: Dutch architect

wikidata_label: Abe Bonnema

wikipedia_title: Abe Bonnema


text:
Kremenets
Ternopil Oblast
Ukrainian
ski jumper
2010 Winter Olympics
Vancouver, British Columbia
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
2003
2007
Liberec
2009
Finland
Japan

categories: People from Kremenets,Ukrainian male ski jumpers,Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics,1983 births,Living people,Olympic ski jumpers of Ukraine

paragraph: Vitaliy Shumbarets

paragraph: Vitaliy Shumbarets (born July 14, 1983 in Kremenets, Ternopil Oblast) is a Ukrainian ski jumper who has competed since 2003. He finished 45th in the individual normal hill event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

paragraph: Shumbaret's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 13th in the team large hill event twice (2003, 2007) while his best individual finish was 35th in the individual large hill event at Liberec in 2009.

paragraph: His best World cup finish was ninth in a team large hill event at Finland in 2008 while his best individual finish was 21st in an individual large hill event at Japan in January 2010.

description: Ukrainian ski jumper

wikidata_label: Vitaliy Shumbarets

wikipedia_title: Vitaliy Shumbarets


text:
Cetina
Omiš
Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia
Croatian
Croatia
Velebit
Cetina
Klis Fortress
Knin
Knin Fortress
Bosnia
Trogir
Split
Skradin
Ivan II Nelipić
Ladislaus of Naples
Skradin
Klis
Sigismund
Ottomans
Palatine of Hungary
Ivan Nelipić
Nelipić noble family
Velebit
Cetina
Ivan Frankopan
Ban of Croatia
Jelena Nelipčić
Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić
Stephen Ostoja
Ivan Nelipić
Jelena Nelipić
Grad Drniš

categories: 1434 deaths,14th-century Croatian people,1379 births,15th-century Croatian people,Nelipić,Bans of Croatia

paragraph: Ivaniš Nelipić

paragraph: Ivaniš Nelipić or Ivan III Nelipić (1379–1435) was a Croatian nobleman who was prince of Cetina and Omiš. He was also titular Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia in 1419 and was a member of one of the most powerful Croatian noble families at the time. At the peak of his power, he ruled areas in inner Croatia from the mountain of Velebit to the Cetina river. From 1401 to 1435, he ruled over Klis Fortress, although his main seat was at Knin in Knin Fortress. During his reign, he was greatly involved in conflicts over Bosnia. Later, he was also recognized as duke of the Dalmatian cities, specifically Trogir, Split and Skradin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ivaniš was born before 1379 to Ivan II Nelipić and his wife Margarethe, who from the Split noble family Merini. He inherited the territories held by the family around the river Cetina. He is mentioned as Duke of Trogir in 1393 and as Duke of Split in 1403. Dring the dynastic wars he was initially supportive of Ladislaus of Naples, from who he received Skradin and Klis. From 1406, he sided with Sigismund and lost Skradin, but kept Klis. In 1415, he is mentioned to be in a conflict with the Ottomans. In 1416, he also acquired the town of Omiš. He married Elizabeth Bubek, daughter of the Palatine of Hungary Detrik Bubek. From this point on, he is self-titled as Ban of Dalmatia and Croatia in the charters he issues. He died in 1435.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Ivaniš, grandson of powerful Croatian nobleman Ivan Nelipić, was the last male member of the Nelipić noble family. According to his will, his daughter Princess Catherine Nelipić was to inherit all of his extensive possessions from the Velebit ranges to the Cetina river. She married Ivan Frankopan, who ruled as Ban of Croatia from 1432 to 1436. The Prince's other daughter, Margarita Nelipić, married Prince Kurjaković. His sister, Jelena Nelipčić, was married firstly to the most powerful Croatian nobleman in Bosnia, Duke Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić, and later to Stephen Ostoja, the King of Bosnia.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivan Nelipić

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jelena Nelipić

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grad Drniš

description: Croatian nobleman

wikidata_label: Ivan III Nelipac

wikipedia_title: Ivaniš Nelipić


text:
Dacia
Jordanes
Burebista
Dacia
Dicineus
Scorilo
Louis Marin
Cotiso
Marcus Vinicius
Enciclopedia Dacia - Comosicus

categories: 1st-century monarchs in Europe,1st-century BC rulers in Europe,Dacian names

paragraph: Comosicus

paragraph: Comosicus was a Dacian king and high priest who lived in the 1st century BC. The only reference to Comosicus is a passage in the writings of the Roman historian Jordanes.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Jordanes refers to Burebista as king of Dacia, but then goes on to discuss a high priest called Dicineus who taught the Dacians astronomy and whose wisdom was revered. He then says that "after the death of Dicienus, they held Comosicus in almost equal honour, because he was not inferior in knowledge. By reason of his wisdom he was accounted their priest and king, and he judged the people with the greatest uprightness. When he too had departed Coryllus ascended the throne as king of the Goths [Getae] and for forty years ruled his people in Dacia."

paragraph: Section::::Interpretations.

paragraph: "Coryllus" is widely believed to be identical to Scorilo, but there is no other evidence concerning Comosicus. Jordanes' ambiguity about the status of Dicineus in relation to Burebista possibly arises from the fact that after Burebista's assassination in 44 BC his empire dissolved, with the exception of the nucleus around the Orăştie Mountains, while the rest divided into various kingdoms. The concept of a priest-judge may have provided a trans-tribal unity. Louis Marin refers to Dicineus as "a sort of double for the king, a double who also stood in for Burebista's successor Comosicus", since Comosicus embodies a "twin royalty, political and religious".

paragraph: Since Comosicus's successor Scorilo appears to have come to power sometime between 30 and 40 AD, Comosicus's accession immediately after Burebista would imply an impossibly long reign. Other evidence suggests that a ruler called Cotiso was the dominant power in the late 1st century BC. Ioana A. Oltean argues that Comosicus probably succeeded Cotiso at some point during the campaign of Marcus Vinicius in the Dacian area c.9 BC and ruled until 29 AD. He may have been the first Dacian ruler to combine the positions of priest and king.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enciclopedia Dacia - Comosicus (Romanian)

wikidata_label: Comosicus

wikipedia_title: Comosicus


text:
king
Dacians
Domitian
Roman Empire
Burebista
Decebalus
Jordanes
Scorilo
Roman province
Moesia
Licinius Mucianus
Danube
Oppius Sabinus
Illyria
Moesia
Cornelius Fuscus
Sarmizegetusa
Domitian's Dacian War

paragraph: Duras (Dacian king)

paragraph: Duras (ruled c.69-87), also known as Duras-Diurpaneus, was king of the Dacians between the years AD 69 and 87, during the time that Domitian ruled the Roman Empire. He was one of a series of rulers following the Great King Burebista. Duras' immediate successor was Decebalus.

paragraph: Section::::Duras and Diurpaneus.

paragraph: In Jordanes' king-list Duras succeeds "Coryllus", a name widely believed to be a corruption of Scorilo. Duras appears to have been ruler of Dacia from around 69. Dacian power was expanding in this period, spreading to Slovakia, Moldavia and Wallachia. A Dacian raid into the Roman province of Moesia in 69 was pushed back by Licinius Mucianus. This may be when Scorilo died, and Duras took over as king.

paragraph: Duras may be identical to the "Diurpaneus" (or "Dorpaneus") identified in Roman sources as the Dacian leader who, in the winter of 85, ravaged the southern banks of the Danube, which the Romans defended for many years. Many authors refer to him as "Duras-Diurpaneus". Other scholars argue that Duras and Diurpaneus are different individuals, or that Diurpaneus is identical to Decebalus.

paragraph: Section::::War with Rome.

paragraph: The Roman governor of Moesia Oppius Sabinus raised an army and went to war with the Dacians following the Dacian (Getae) raids into Roman territory. Diurpaneus and his people defeated and decapitated Oppius Sabinus. When news of the defeat reached Rome, the citizens became fearful that the conquering enemy would invade and spread destruction further into the Empire. Because of this fear, Domitian was obliged to move with his entire army into Illyria and Moesia, the latter of which was now split into Upper and Lower regions. He ordered his commander Cornelius Fuscus to cross the Danube.

paragraph: The Dacians were pushed back across the Danube, but Fuscus suffered a crushing defeat when ambushed by "Diurpaneus". At this point, the probably elderly Duras seems to have ceded power to Decebalus. Duras' concession of leadership was made peacefully. He continued to live in one of the palaces in Sarmizegetusa while serving as an advisor to Decebalus.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domitian's Dacian War

wikidata_label: Duras

wikipedia_title: Duras (Dacian king)


text: 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia

text: Spanish Armada

text: Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Éboli

text: Duke of Lerma

text: Philip III of Spain

text: Jerez de la Frontera

text: attack on Cadiz

text: Edward Cecil

text: Luisa de Guzmán

text: queen-consort of Portugal

text: John IV

text: House of Braganza

text: Portuguese

text: Portugal

text: Catherine of Braganza

text: Charles II of England

categories: 1636 deaths,Knights of the Golden Fleece,House of Medina Sidonia,1579 births,Dukes of Medina Sidonia

paragraph: Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia

paragraph: Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán y Silva (7 January 1579 – 1636) was a Spanish noble and 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia.

paragraph: He was the son of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armada and Ana de Silva y Mendoza, daughter of Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Éboli.br

paragraph: He married in 1598, aged 19, Juana de Sandoval, daughter of the Duke of Lerma, a favourite of Philip III of Spain. He was promoted to Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1615, aged 36 and 34 years after his father. In the same year he became 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia.

paragraph: In 1625 he commanded, from Jerez de la Frontera, the military operations neutralizing the attack on Cadiz by a Dutch-English Fleet, commanded by Sir Edward Cecil.

paragraph: His eldest daughter Luisa de Guzmán (1613–1666) became queen-consort of Portugal when her husband John II, 8th Duke of Braganza, became John IV, the first King of Portugal of the House of Braganza in 1640. In order to encourage her husband when the Portuguese nobility offered him the crown of Portugal, Luisa is known for her phrase: ""better Queen for one day, than Duchess all my life"".

paragraph: His granddaughter Catherine of Braganza married King Charles II of England.

description: Spanish nobleman and Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece


text: Norwegian-born

text: American

text: public monuments

text: 1st Minnesota Infantry

text: Gettysburg Battlefield

text: Ålesund

text: Møre og Romsdal

text: Norway

text: United States

text: Brynjulf Bergslien

text: Copenhagen

text: Vilhelm Bissen

text: Rome

text: Bergen, Norway

text: Minneapolis, Minnesota

text: Paul Fjelde

text: Pauline Fjelde

text: Rolf G. Fjelde

text: Sven Oftedal

text: Georg Sverdrup

text: Augsburg College

text: Lutheran Free Church

text: World's Columbian Exposition

text: Chicago

text: Norwegian-American

text: Knute Nelson

text: Minneapolis-St. Paul

text: Hiawatha

text: Minnehaha

text: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

text: The Song of Hiawatha

text: Columbian Exposition

text: Loring Park

text: Ole Bull

text: Minerva

text: Henrik Ibsen

text: Molde, Norway

text: Tacoma, Washington

text: North Dakota State College of Science

text: Wahpeton, North Dakota

text: Como Park, Zoo, and Conservatory

text: St. Paul, Minnesota

text: Hansen, Carl G. O.

text: Sculptor Jakob Fjelde 01

text: Sculptor Jakob Fjelde 02

text: Marie Dreis Scheffer bust

text: Ole Bull statue

text: Loring Park

text: Hiawatha and Minnehaha at MNOPEDIA

text: "My Minneapolis:"

text: Nasjonalbiblioteket

text: The Ole Bull Monument

text: The History of Burton Hall

text: Spandrel figures by Jakob Fjelde

text: Burton Hall

text: Ole Bull statue at Loring Park

text: Henrik Ibsen bust at Como Park

categories: People from Møre og Romsdal,1896 deaths,Norwegian emigrants to the United States,1855 births,Artists from Minneapolis,American male sculptors,19th-century American sculptors,People from Ålesund

paragraph: Jacob Fjelde

paragraph: Jakob Henrik Gerhard Fjelde (10 April 1859 – 5 May 1896) was a Norwegian-born American sculptor.

paragraph: He is remembered as both a prolific portraitist and the creator of public monuments. One of his better known works is the one dedicated to the 1st Minnesota Infantry (1897) located at Gettysburg Battlefield where its 262 members suffered 215 casualties.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Jakob Henrik Gerhard Fjelde was born at Ålesund in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. His father, Paul Gerhard Michelet Fjelde (1827–1873), was a skilled carpenter and wood carver. He had moved to the United States in 1872, but died the following year. Jakob Fjelde was a pupil of Brynjulf Bergslien during 1878. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen from 1879 to 1881 and was a student of Vilhelm Bissen 1880–1882. He travel abroad, living in Rome from 1882 to 1884. Fjelde lived and worked to Bergen, Norway from 1884 until 1887 when he immigrated to the United States. After arriving in America he settled in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The following year he married the Danish-born Margrethe Madsen. They eventually had four children. He was the father of sculptor Paul Fjelde and the brother of artist Pauline Fjelde. His grandsons included Ibsen scholar Rolf G. Fjelde.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: At the Industrial Exposition in Minneapolis during 1889 and 1890, Fjelde presented 18 busts and relief portraits, including marble busts of Sven Oftedal and Georg Sverdrup, both of whom would serve as Presidents of Augsburg College and were founders of the Lutheran Free Church . At the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago during 1893, he presented a bust of the Norwegian-American politician Knute Nelson.

paragraph: The Minneapolis-St. Paul area hosts several of his major public bronze outdoor monuments. One is a Statue of Hiawatha carrying Minnehaha, based on characters from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem The Song of Hiawatha. The statue was created for the Columbian Exposition in 1893 and permanently erected in 1912. Another, in Loring Park in Minneapolis, is of Norwegian violin virtuoso Ole Bull was cast in 1897, a year after Fjelde's death. The Minerva bronze sculpture is located in the downtown Minneapolis Central Library.

paragraph: Jakob Fjelde had first sculpted Henrik Ibsen from life in Molde, Norway during 1885. Although Ibsen disliked sitting for artists, he took a liking to the precocious young sculptor, then 26 years old, and patiently sat for the bust. Among his portraits of Ibsen, several are noteworthy. One is located in Tacoma, Washington in Wright Park, another is at the North Dakota State College of Science in Wahpeton, North Dakota. Another bust of Ibsen, located in the Como Park, Zoo, and Conservatory in St. Paul, Minnesota was stolen from the Park in 1981. The sculpture was recovered, restored, and reinstalled by Public Art Saint Paul in 1999.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hansen, Carl G. O. "My Minneapolis". (Minneapolis, MN: Standard Press, 1956) pp. 159–165 and pp. 169–170.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coen Rena Neumann (1976) "Painting and Sculpture in Minnesota, 1820-1914" (University of Minnesota Press)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sculptor Jakob Fjelde 01

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sculptor Jakob Fjelde 02

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie Dreis Scheffer bust

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ole Bull statue at Loring Park

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiawatha and Minnehaha at MNOPEDIA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiawatha and Minnehaha at Minnehaha Falls

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henrik Ibsen bust at Wright Park in Tacoma

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jakob Hendrik Gerhard Fjelde with his siblings

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Artist's Odyssey" in "Twin Cities" magazine, March 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minnesota- 1st Infantry Memorial at Gettysburg Nat'l Military Park

paragraph: Online book

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Minneapolis:" Nasjonalbiblioteket

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Ole Bull Monument

paragraph: Burton Hall at the University of Minnesota

paragraph: BULLET::::- The History of Burton Hall

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spandrel figures by Jakob Fjelde in the interior of Burton Hall

paragraph: Hennepin County Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minerva statue outside of Minneapolis Central Library at 10th and Hennepin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minerva statue inside Minneapolis Central Library at 300 Nicollet Mall

paragraph: Minnesota Historical Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henrik Ibsen bust at Como Park

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiawatha and Minnehaha statue at Minnehaha Park

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Jacob Fjelde

wikipedia_title: Jacob Fjelde


text: opera

text: tenor

text: Bruno Bartoletti

text: Gary Bertini

text: Richard Hickox

text: Opera Australia

text: Sicilian

text: Brisbane

text: bricklayer

text: voice

text: Queensland Conservatorium

text: Royal Northern College of Music

text: Manchester

text: England

text: Joseph Ward

text: Handel

text: Messiah

text: Dvořák

text: Stabat Mater

text: Orff

text: Carmina Burana

text: Lucia di Lammermoor

text: Stadttheater Bern

text: Ulster Orchestra

text: Cairo Symphony Orchestra

text: The Ten Tenors

text: La Scala

text: Luciana Serra

text: Leyla Gencer

text: Camille Saint-Saëns

text: Samson and Delilah

text: Plácido Domingo

text: Olga Borodina

text: Giuseppe Verdi

text: Oberto

text: Teatro Carlo Felice

text: Rigoletto

text: Tuscany

text: La bohème

text: Calabria

text: Teatro Regio di Parma

text: I Lombardi

text: La traviata

text: Teatro Comunale Modena

text: Giacomo Puccini

text: Il tabarro

text: Osaka

text: Teatro Argentina

text: Rome

text: Opera New Zealand

text: Auckland

text: Wellington

text: Turandot

text: Carmen

text: The Love for Three Oranges

text: Rusalka

text: Madama Butterfly

text: Les contes d'Hoffmann

text: West Australian Opera

text: State Opera of South Australia

text: Sydney Symphony Orchestra

text: Stabat Mater

text: Requiem

text: The Queensland Orchestra

text: Adelaide Symphony Orchestra

text: Brisbane Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Seattle Opera

text: Richard Hickox

text: Rusalka

text: Sydney Opera House

text: Arts Centre Melbourne

text: Aida

text: crossover

text: mezzo-soprano

text: Milijana Nikolic

text: singer-songwriter

text: Rod Laver Arena

text: La donna è mobile

text: Au fond du temple saint

text: Nessun dorma

text: Melbourne Symphony Orchestra

text: Anthony Inglis

text: ABC Classics

text: Rusalka

text: Richard Hickox

text: Australian Opera Orchestra

text: Cheryl Barker

text: Sarah Crane

text: Chandos Records

text: Antoinette Halloran

text: Tosca

text: Le Villi

text: La fanciulla del West

text: La rondine

text: ABC Classics

text: Recondita armonia

text: Decca Records

text: Leoncavallo

text: Adam

text: Lehár

text: Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte-Carlo

text: Richard Mills

text: ABC Classics

categories: Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University alumni,Australian operatic tenors,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Rosario La Spina

paragraph: Rosario La Spina is an Australian operatic tenor who has had an active international career since the early 2000s. He has worked with many leading opera houses and orchestras, singing under such conductors as , Bruno Bartoletti, Gary Bertini, Daniele Callegari and Richard Hickox. Since 2005, he has been particularly active with Opera Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Rosario La Spina is of Sicilian descent. He was born and raised in Brisbane, Queensland. He first became a bricklayer in his family's business until a work accident at the age of 23 gave him time to take singing lessons.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: La Spina began singing lessons with Brisbane vocal tutor Leonard Lee. Three years later, Lee suggested La Spina attend the local music Conservatorium to gain the necessary stage experience. La Spina studied voice at the Queensland Conservatorium where he won the Elizabeth Muir Memorial Prize in 1994. After earning his degree, he pursued graduate work in voice at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester, England under Joseph Ward, OBE. During his training, he performed Handel's "Messiah", Dvořák's "Stabat Mater" and Orff's "Carmina Burana" and made guest appearances as Arturo in "Lucia di Lammermoor" at the Stadttheater Bern and as soloist in operatic galas with the Ulster Orchestra, Belfast and the Cairo Symphony Orchestra, Egypt. He appeared with the SBS Radio and Television Youth Orchestra and was a member of The Ten Tenors.

paragraph: In 2000, he won first prize in tenor competition at L'Accademia di La Scala. The competition win enabled him to study for two years in La Scala's young artist program under Luciana Serra and Leyla Gencer, and led to his La Scala debut as the Messenger in Camille Saint-Saëns's "Samson and Delilah" with Plácido Domingo and Olga Borodina in the title roles.

paragraph: In 2002, La Spina took first prize in the Mario Del Monaco International Opera Competition. That same year he returned to La Scala for his first principal role at the house as Riccardo in Giuseppe Verdi's "Oberto". Later that year he sang Riccardo again at the Teatro Carlo Felice, portrayed The Duke of Mantua in "Rigoletto" in Tuscany and Rodolfo in "La bohème" in Calabria.

paragraph: In 2003, La Spina made his first appearance at the Teatro Regio di Parma during their summer Verdi Festival as Arvino in "I Lombardi" and portrayed Alfredo in "La traviata" for his debut at the Teatro Comunale Modena. He made his first appearance in Asia as Luigi in Giacomo Puccini's "Il tabarro" in Osaka, Japan. In 2004, he appeared at the Teatro Argentina in Rome as The Duke of Mantua; a role he sang again for Opera New Zealand in Auckland and Wellington later that year.

paragraph: Since 2005, La Spina has been highly active appearing with opera companies and orchestras in his home country. With Opera Australia he has appeared as Alfredo, Calaf in "Turandot", Don José in "Carmen", the Duke of Mantua, the Prince in "The Love for Three Oranges", the Prince in "Rusalka", Pinkerton in "Madama Butterfly", Rodolfo, and the title role in "Les contes d'Hoffmann". With West Australian Opera he has performed Alfredo and Pinkerton and with the State Opera of South Australia he has sung Hoffmann. With the Sydney Symphony Orchestra he has been a soloist in Rossini's "Stabat Mater" and Verdi's "Requiem". He has sung in concerts with The Queensland Orchestra, the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra and the Brisbane Philharmonic Orchestra.

paragraph: In 2007, La Spina made his American debut as Rodolfo at the Seattle Opera. For Opera Australia under conductor Richard Hickox he performed The Prince in "Rusalka" which was released on compact disc.

paragraph: In 2008 and 2009, he sang Don Jose and Pinkerton for Opera Australia at the Sydney Opera House and the Arts Centre Melbourne, and portrayed Radames ("Aida") at both the Seattle Opera and Opera Australia. In 2009, La Spina released the solo-CD "Rosario" with arias and songs.

paragraph: In August 2010, Rosario and his sister Anna-Maria La Spina released an orchestral/pop crossover album called "Always You".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: The mezzo-soprano Milijana Nikolic is La Spina's wife. The singer-songwriter Anna-Maria La Spina is his sister.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: Classic Spectactular in the Rod Laver Arena, Melbourne: ("La donna è mobile", "Au fond du temple saint" (with José Carbó), "Nessun dorma" (with the Melbourne Chorale); Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, Anthony Inglis (cond.); ABC Classics Cat. no. 476 8903

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: as Prince in "Rusalka", Richard Hickox (cond), Australian Opera Orchestra, Cheryl Barker, Bruce Martin, Elizabeth Whitehouse, Anne-Marie Owens, Sarah Crane; Chandos Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Puccini Romance", Arias and duets (with Antoinette Halloran) from "La bohème", "Tosca", "Le Villi", "La fanciulla del West", "La rondine", "Turandot", "Madama Butterfly"; ABC Classics, Cat. No.: 476 6404

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "The Number One Classical Album 2009" (compilation); "Recondita armonia"; Decca Records Cat. no. 480 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Rosario", arias (Verdi, Puccini, Leoncavallo, Adam, Lehár) and songs; Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte-Carlo, Richard Mills (cond.); ABC Classics Cat. no. 476 3483

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Always You" with his sister, pop singer/songwriter, Anna-Maria La Spina

description: Australian opera tenor

wikidata_label: Rosario La Spina

wikipedia_title: Rosario La Spina


text:
Ernie Fields
Bardu Ali
Jay McShann
Earl Hines
Billy Eckstine
King Kolax
Charlie Parker
Fats Navarro
Max Roach
Gene Ammons
Art Farmer
Gigi Gryce
Sonny Rollins
Gerald Wilson
Don Byas
Billy Taylor
Frank Foster
Shirley Scott
Earl Coleman Returns
Prestige
Atlantic
Xanadu
Stash
Etta Jones
Sugar
Tour de Force

categories: 1995 deaths,American rhythm and blues singers,American jazz singers,1925 births

paragraph: Earl Coleman (singer)

paragraph: Earl Coleman August 12, 1925 – July 12, 1995) was a jazz singer.

paragraph: Coleman was born in Port Huron, Michigan. When he was a child, he lived with his mother, grandmother, aunt, and step-grandfather.

paragraph: After moving to Indianapolis in 1939, he sang with Ernie Fields and Bardu Ali. He joined the Jay McShann band in 1943 and later sang with Earl Hines, the Billy Eckstine Orchestra, and King Kolax. He then went with McShann to California and recorded with Charlie Parker, Fats Navarro, and Max Roach in 1948. In 1954, he worked with Gene Ammons and recorded with Art Farmer and Gigi Gryce. In 1956 he was with Sonny Rollins.

paragraph: By 1960 he was recording as a leader and performed with Gerald Wilson. In 1962 he was with Don Byas in Paris and in the mid-60s with Billy Taylor and Frank Foster. By 1980–86 he was recording with organist Shirley Scott.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Earl Coleman Returns" (Prestige, 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Songs" (Atlantic, 1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Song for You" (Xanadu, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stardust" (Stash, 1984)

paragraph: With Etta Jones

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sugar" (Muse, 1989)

paragraph: With Sonny Rollins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tour de Force" (Prestige, 1956)

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Earl Coleman

wikipedia_title: Earl Coleman (singer)


text: Mexican

text: Luchador

text: enmascarado

text: Mini-Estrella

text: ring name

text: Asistencia Asesoría y Administración

text: Independent circuit

text: Chikara

text: Espectrito

text: Espectrito II

text: Espectrito

text: dwarf

text: Volador

text: Octagoncito

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: Antonio Peña

text: Asistencia Asesoría y Administración

text: La Parka

text: heel

text: Los Payasos

text: Triplemanía III-A

text: Luchas de Apuestas

text: Triplemanía III-B

text: Super Muñequito

text: Octagoncito

text: Mascarita Sagrada

text: Máscarita Sagráda, Jr.

text: Triplemanía IV-C

text: Independent circuit

text: Espectrito II

text: Hidalgo

text: Jerry Springer

text: La Parkita II

text: La Parkita III

categories: Mexican male professional wrestlers,Deaths by poisoning,Masked wrestlers,Midget professional wrestlers,1975 births,2009 deaths

paragraph: La Parkita

paragraph: Alberto Pérez Jiménez (May 15, 1975 – June 29, 2009) was a Mexican "Luchador" "enmascarado" who worked in the "Mini-Estrella" division from 1990 until his death in 2009. He was best known under the ring name La Parkita, having used the name in Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), the Mexican Independent circuit and Chikara in the United States. His older brother Mario and twin brother Alejandro also wrestled under the names Espectrito and Espectrito II respectively. On June 29, 2009 both twins were killed by prostitutes in Mexico City.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.

paragraph: After being trained by his older brother Mario, who wrestles as Espectrito, Alberto made his professional wrestling debut in 1990 as a "Mini-Estrella" named Gemelito Diablo. Working in the Mini division does not necessarily mean that Alberto is a dwarf as several short wrestlers work in the "Mini" division. Later on he wrestled as "Voladorcito", a mini version of the wrestler Volador and even briefly wore the outfit of "Octagoncito" when the original Octagoncito was unable to wrestle.

paragraph: In 1992 Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) head booker Antonio Peña left the promotion to create his own promotion, Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). In CMLL Peña had been instrumental in the creation of the "Mini-Estrellas" division and immediately started a Minis division in AAA as well, consisting of several CMLL Minis and a crew of new Minis signed on AAA's creation. One of these signees was Alberto Pérez Jiménez, through the recommendation of his brother Mario Pérez Jiménez who worked for AAA at the time. Jiménez was given the gimmick of "La Parkita", a "Mascota" (Miniature version) of the popular wrestler La Parka, complete with a skeleton mask and body suit. Later on Alberto began doing double duty, working some nights as La Parkita and other nights as "Payasito Amarillo", forming a trio with "Payasito Rojo" and "Payasito Azul" to form the trio "Los Payasitos" a mini version of the "rudo" (bad guy or heel) trio of clowns called "Los Payasos". On June 10, La Parkita was one of the 13 Minis who participated in the main event of Triplemanía III-A, a multi-man "Luchas de Apuestas", or bet match, where each participant put their mask on the line. La Parkita managed to save his mask while Payasito Rojo was unmasked after the match. Eight days later La Parkita was on the losing side of an eight-mini match at Triplemanía III-B; the match saw the team of Torerito, Super Muñequito, Octagoncito and Mascarita Sagrada defeat La Parkita, Espectrito I, Espectrito II and Fuercita Guerrera. A year later the Jiménez brothers lost to Máscarita Sagráda, Jr., Super Muñequito and Mini Frisbee at Triplemanía IV-C.

paragraph: Alberto left AAA, being fired for missing too many shows. Peña gave the "La Parkita" to another wrestler but Alberto kept working as La Parkita on the Mexican Independent circuit, although he never regularly worked for one single promotion after leaving AAA.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Alberto Pérez Jiménez is the twin brother of Alejandro Pérez Jiménez who was best known under the ring name Espectrito II or Espectro, Jr. Alberto and Alejandro's older brother Mario Pérez Jiménez is also a wrestler known primarily as Espectrito.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Alberto Pérez Jiménez along with his twin brother Alejandro (also a professional midget wrestler under the name of Espectrito II), were found murdered on June 29, 2009. It was reported that the two brothers checked into a hotel after a Sunday night show. Allegedly, two female prostitutes approached the wrestlers and were invited back to their hotel room. There the two women spiked the men's drinks with what was believed to be eye drops mixed with alcohol. The drinks were intended to knock the men out, but they died instead, perhaps due to their small stature. The prostitutes were allegedly part of a group called La Filtracion. On July 22, 2009 it was reported that the Mexican police had arrested one of the two women suspected in the death of the Pérez Jiménez twins. Police traced the whereabouts of the woman by tracking one of the Pérez Jiménez' twins cell phones which she used. The woman admitted to going to the hotel room with the Pérez Jiménez twins but denied being involved in their death. On August 12, 2009 Mexican police tracked down the second suspect in Hidalgo and arrested her. She admitted to being at the crime scene but maintained that it was her accomplice who administered the drugs that killed the Pérez Jiménez twins. The two women were later found guilty and, on July 12, 2010, sentenced to 47 years in prison.

paragraph: The story of the Jiménez twins' murder was the subject of an episode of "Tabloid with Jerry Springer" that shows a dramatized version of the events including an interview with their mother Maria Elena Jiménez and brother Juan Jiménez. The episode revealed that Alberto was starting to become involved with local politics, but did not reveal any actual links between their death and Alberto's political aspirations.

paragraph: Section::::Not to be confused with.

paragraph: While Alberto Pérez Jiménez was the first wrestler to use the "La Parkita" ring character at least two other wrestlers have used the name in AAA after Alberto left the promotion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Parkita II – The wrestler that took over after Jiménez, currently wrestles as the second version of Octagoncito

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Parkita III – The current version of La Parkita, having played the part since 1997

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of premature professional wrestling deaths

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.thesun.co.uk

alias:
Alberto Pérez Jiménez
Alberto Perez Jimenez

description: Mexican professional wrestler

wikidata_label: La Parkita

wikipedia_title: La Parkita


text: Catholic

text: Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

text: Peterborough

text: English College

text: Douai

text: Archbishop of Cambrai

text: Cuthbert Mayne

text: Anne

text: William Petre

text: William Browne

text: Lord Mayor of the City of London

text: Ingatestone

text: priest hole

text: George Godsalve

text: Cambrai

text: Warwickshire

text: William Petre

text: Greenwich

text: Tower of London

text: Sir Owen Hopton

text: Cockfield Hall

text: Chelmsford

text: Mary, Queen of Scots

text: Edmund Campion

text: Lord Rich

text: quartering

text: executioner

text: Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

text: beatified

text: Leo XIII

text: canonised

text: Paul VI

text: St John Payne Catholic School Website

categories: Forty Martyrs of England and Wales,16th-century Christian saints,People from Peterborough,1532 births,1582 deaths,English Roman Catholic saints,People executed under Elizabeth I of England by hanging, drawing and quartering,16th-century English Roman Catholic priests,16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs

paragraph: John Payne (martyr)

paragraph: Saint John Payne (1532–1582) was an English Catholic priest and martyr, one of the Catholic Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: John Payne was born at Peterborough in 1532. He was probably a mature man when he went to the English College at Douai in 1574, served there as bursar, and was ordained priest by the Archbishop of Cambrai on 7 April 1576.

paragraph: Section::::Ministry.

paragraph: Shortly afterwards, on 24 April 1576, he left for the English mission in the company of another priest, Cuthbert Mayne. While Mayne headed for his native South West England, Payne resided for the most part with Anne, widow of Sir William Petre, and daughter of Sir William Browne, sometime Lord Mayor of the City of London, at Ingatestone, Essex, in whose house was a "priest hole", but also in London. The missioner passed as a steward of Lady Petre. Shortly after his arrival he converted (or re-converted) to Catholicism George Godsalve or Godsalf, of the diocese of Bath, a man who had gained the B.A. at Oxford and had been ordained a deacon in the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary, but who had then become a Protestant. Payne sent Godsalf to Douai, where he arrived on 15 July 1576 to be prepared for the Catholic priesthood, which he was to receive at Cambrai on 22 December. Payne himself was arrested at Ingatestone and imprisoned early in 1577, but was soon released and went back to Douai that November. From there he probably returned to Ingatestone before Christmas, 1579.

paragraph: Section::::Arrest.

paragraph: Early in July 1581, he and Godsalf, who had come to England in June 1577, were arrested in Warwickshire whilst staying on the estate of Lady Petre (widow of William Petre), through the efforts of the informer George "Judas" Eliot (a criminal, murderer, rapist and thief, who made a career out of denouncing Catholics and priests for bounty). After being examined by Walsingham at Greenwich, they were committed to the Tower of London on 14 July. Godsalf did not give in but spent several years in prison, after which he was released from the Marshalsea in September 1585 and banished, dying in Paris in 1592.

paragraph: Eliot had insinuated himself into a position in the Petre household where he then proceeded to embezzle sums of money. He enticed a young woman from the Roper household and then appealed to Father Payne to marry them; and on his refusal determined to be revenged and make a profit as well.

paragraph: As to Payne, a more significant catch, he was racked on the Council's orders on 14 August, and again on 31 October. On 20 March 1581/2 he was abruptly woken, taken from his cell half dressed and delivered by the Lieutenant of the Tower, Sir Owen Hopton (c. 1524–1591) of Cockfield Hall in Suffolk to officers waiting to take him to Chelmsford jail, not being allowed to return to the cell to get his purse - which was purloined by the Lieutenant's wife, Anne Echyngham.

paragraph: Section::::Trial.

paragraph: Payne was indicted at Chelmsford on 22 March on a charge of treason for conspiring to murder the Queen and her leading officers and install Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne. Payne denied the charges, and affirmed his loyalty to the Queen in all that was lawful (i.e. not contrary to his Catholicism or allegiance to the Pope), contesting the reliability of the murderer Eliot. No attempt was made to corroborate Eliot's story, which had already been rehearsed in large part at the trial of Edmund Campion on 20 November 1581. The guilty verdict was a foregone conclusion.

paragraph: Section::::Execution.

paragraph: At his execution on the morning of the Monday 2 April (nine months after his imprisonment), he was dragged from prison on a hurdle to the place of execution and first prayed on his knees for almost half an hour and then kissed the scaffold, made a profession of faith and declared his innocence. Reinforcements had been sent from London to help the execution run smoothly. Lord Rich called upon him to repent of his treason, which Payne again denied. A Protestant minister then shouted a claim that years ago Payne's brother had admitted to him Payne's treason. Payne said that his brother was and always had been an earnest Protestant but that even so would never swear to such a thing. To bear this out, Payne asked that the brother, who was in the locality, be brought, but he was not found in time and the execution proceeded and Payne was at last turned off the ladder. The government's intentions for a smooth execution with minimal trouble and maximum propaganda value had failed – indeed, the crowd had become so sympathetic to Payne that they hung on his feet to speed his death and prevented the infliction of the quartering until he was dead. The executioner, Simon Bull, was meanwhile rebuked for dithering over the quartering in case Payne revive and suffer further.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification and canonisation.

paragraph: John Payne was one of the group of prominent Catholic martyrs of the persecution who were later designated as the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. He was beatified "equipollently" by Pope Leo XIII, by means of a decree of 29 December 1886 and was canonised along with the other Martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI on 25 October 1970.

paragraph: Section::::Schools and churches.

paragraph: A Roman Catholic secondary school in Chelmsford town centre (towards Broomfield) is now named after him. The name of the school is St John Payne Roman Catholic Comprehensive Secondary School.

paragraph: The Roman Catholic church of St John Payne is found on Colchester's Greenstead estate. Founded in 1972, the Parish of Greenstead, Ardleigh and Mistley serves the community on the Essex-Suffolk border, with St John Payne being the Parish Church.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St John Payne Catholic School Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- St John Payne Catholic Parish of Greenstead, Ardleigh and Mistley Website

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: The most reliable compact source is Godfrey Anstruther, "Seminary Priests", St Edmund's College, Ware, vol. 1, 1968, pp. 133–134, 311–313.

description: English Catholic priest and martyr

wikidata_label: John Payne

wikipedia_title: John Payne (martyr)


text: Ruifang Township

text: Taipei County

text: Taiwan

text: scriptwriter

text: director

text: New Taiwanese Cinema

text: Edward Yang

text: Yi Yi

text: Democratic Progressive Party

text: Jiufen

text: Fu Jen Catholic University

text: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: Edward Yang

text: Taiwanese Cinema

text: Ann Hui

text: Fu Jen Catholic University

text: Taipei

text: Cheng Ching-wen

text: Golden Horse

text: Anne Hui

text: Song of the Exile

text: Asia-Pacific Film Festival

text: New Taiwanese Cinema

text: Edward Yang

text: Hou Hsiao-hsien

text: The Puppetmaster

text: A City of Sadness

text: Dust in the Wind

text: Anne Hui

text: Song of Exile

text: The Dull Ice Flower

text: The Sandwich Man

text: Huang Chunming

text: A Borrowed Life

text: Torino Film Festival

text: Singapore International Film Festival

text: FIPRESCI Prize

text: Thessaloniki Film Festival

text: Tsai Chen-nan

text: Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards

text: Martin Scorsese

text: Venice Film Festival

text: Edward Yang

text: Yi Yi

text: Taipei Story

text: Mahjong

text: Daughter of the Nile

text: Zone Pro Site

text: The Year of Happiness and Love

text: Island Etude

text: Apple in Your Eye

text: Arvin Chen

text: A Borrowed Life

text: Somewhere I Have Never Traveled

text: The Puppetmaster

text: Song of the Exile

text: A City of Sadness

text: Dust in the Wind

text: The Sandwich Man

text: Yi Yi

text: Mahjong

text: A City of Sadness

text: Taipei Story

text: Nien-Jen Wu's official forum

text: Traditional Chinese

categories: Taiwanese male short story writers,Fu Jen Catholic University alumni,Taiwanese screenwriters,20th-century Taiwanese short story writers,Living people,1952 births,Taiwanese film producers,Taiwanese male film actors,Writers from New Taipei,Taiwanese male stage actors,20th-century male writers,Taiwanese lyricists,Taiwanese male television actors

paragraph: Wu Nien-jen

paragraph: Wu Nien-jen (; born ; 5 August 1952 in Ruifang Township, Taipei County, Taiwan) is a scriptwriter, director, and author. He is one of the most prolific and highly regarded scriptwriters in Taiwan and a leading member of the New Taiwanese Cinema, although he has also acted in a number of films. He starred in Edward Yang's 2000 film "Yi Yi". Wu is a well-known supporter of the Democratic Progressive Party and has filmed commercials for the party.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Wu was born into a coal miner's family in 1952 and raised in the mining town of Jiufen. He went into the army after high school, and after being discharged in 1976, went to work at a library while pursuing a degree in accounting at the Fu Jen Catholic University night school. He started writing short stories for newspapers in 1975, when he was still an accounting major. After penning his first screenplay in 1978, Wu entered Central Motion Picture Corporation as a creative supervisor and worked with several leading Taiwanese New Wave directors such as Hou Hsiao-hsien and Edward Yang. Wu has since wrote more than 70 screenplays that were made into films, and has become one of the leading artists of the Taiwanese Cinema of the 1980s. Wu has also set the record for winning the most Golden Horse Awards to date (Taiwan's Film Awards), including a collaboration with the internationally acclaimed Hong Kong director Ann Hui on her film "Song of Exile", a.k.a. "Ketu Qiuhen" (1990). His novels and screenplays have also made him one of Taiwan's best-selling authors.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.:Fiction.

paragraph: Wu started writing short stories while he was still a college student at the Fu Jen Catholic University in Taipei studying accounting, publishing his first short story in a newspaper at the age of seventeen. In an interview with film scholar Michael Berry, Wu stated that "I was already working in Taipei at that time, and the extra money I earned from publishing my stories in the newspapers actually added up to more than my salary, which made me very happy and inspired me to keep on writing." He started making a name for himself on the Taiwanese literary scene with a series of popular and commercially successful short story collections, including "Grab on to Spring" (抓住一個春天) (Zhuazhu yige chuntian)(1977). Other popular novels by Wu include: "Special of the Day" (特別的一天) (1988), "Taiwan, Tell The Truth" (臺灣念真情) (2002), "Year-old a person to travel" (八歲一個人去旅行) (2003), "These people, those things" (這些人，那些事) (2010) and "Taiwan, Say the Truth" (台灣念真情) (2011).

paragraph: One of Wu's role models and mentors as a writer was Cheng Ching-wen, who wrote the short story collection "Three-Legged Horse". Wu said of the mentorship provided by Cheng:"Cheng Ching-wen was really a kind of role model for me. I was twenty-something when I was discharged from the military. At the time, it was extremely difficult to find a job if one was not well educated. I knew that taking on an apprenticeship to learn a trade would require much more time than just entering the university, so I decided to do the latter. I knew Cheng Ching-wen and consulted him when I was trying to decide what to study and which universities to apply to. Cheng was working in a bank and writing fiction in his spare time. His job at the bank provided financial stability for him and his family while writing acccommodated his own interests. He once told me, "You can only tryly enjoy writing as an act of literary creation when there is no financial burden hanging over your head." This really resonated with me, and I decided to apply for something that would eventually help me to find a job - business school became my first choice. But I never went into business because by my senior year I was already working for CMPC, writing screenplays. I did eventually finish my studies, however."

paragraph: Section::::Writing.:Screenwriting.

paragraph: Wu's storytelling talents and penchant for realistic dialogue caught the attention of a Taiwanese movie studio named Central Motion Picture Corporation (CMPC), which hired him as a scriptwriter and creative supervisor while he was still finishing his college studies. By 1981, Wu had won his first Golden Horse Best Screenplay Award for writing Ching-chieh Lin's "Classmates" (Tong ban tong xue) (1981).

paragraph: Wu would go on to win 5 more Golden Horse "Best Original Screenplay", "Best Adapted Screenplay" or "Best Original Film Song" awards later on in his career, for the films: "Lao Mo de di er ge chun tian" (1984) (Best Original Screenplay, 1984), "The Two of Us" (1987) (Best Adapted Screenplay, 1987), Kun Hao Chen's "Gui hua xiang" (1987) (Best Original Film Song, shared with Yang Chen), Anne Hui's "Song of the Exile" (1990) (Best Original Screenplay, 1990), and Toon Wang's "Wu yan de shan qiu" (1992)(Best Original Screenplay, 1992). Wu also ended up winning a Best Screenplay Award from the 1993 Asia-Pacific Film Festival for Toon Wang's historical film, "Wu yan de shan qiu" (1992). In total, Wu ended up writing over 90 feature film screenplays and numerous TV dramas.

paragraph: Other notable screenplays Wu has written (some of which are considered integral films of the Taiwanese New Wave or New Taiwanese Cinema movement) include Edward Yang's feature directorial debut, "That Day, on the Beach" (1983), Hou Hsiao-hsien's films "The Puppetmaster" (1993), "A City of Sadness" (1989), and "Dust in the Wind" (1986), and films directed by Anne Hui including "Song of Exile" (1990) and "My American Grandson" (1990), and Taiwanese commercial hits "Old Mo's Second Spring" (1984) and "The Dull Ice Flower" (1989). Wu also wrote the screenplay for all the short film segments of the Taiwanese New Wave omnibus film "The Sandwich Man" (1983) based on stories from the collection by Huang Chunming, with segments directed by Hou Hsiao-hsien, Tseng Chuang-Hsiang and Wan Ren.

paragraph: Section::::Directed films.

paragraph: Wu made his directorial debut in 1994 with "A Borrowed Life", which he also wrote. The award-winning movie commemorates Wu's Japanese-educated, hard-working coal-miner father. The film won the Grand Prize (Prize of the City of Torino for Best Film - International Feature Film Competition) at the Torino Film Festival in Italy, a FIPRESCI/NETPAC Award at the 1995 Singapore International Film Festival and the Silver Alexander Award as well as the FIPRESCI Prize (International Federation of Film Critics Award) at the 1994 Thessaloniki Film Festival in Greece. The film also won a Best Original Film Song award (given to Tsai Chen-nan (composer/performer) and Chen Che-cheng (composer) for the song "The Wandering Song") at the 1994 Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards, where it was also nominated for Best Feature Film, Best Leading Actor (Tsai Chen-nan), Best Original Screenplay (Wu Nien-jen), and Best Sound Effects (Tu Duu-chih). Martin Scorsese also has cited "A Borrowed Life" (Tò-sàng) as one of his favorite films, and ranked it one of the best of the 1990s.

paragraph: In 1996, Wu wrote and directed his second film "Buddha Bless America", a.k.a. 太平天國, "Taiping Tianguo" (1996), a political satire set in the 1960s which was also nominated and in competition for the prestigious Golden Lion at the 1996 Venice Film Festival.

paragraph: In 2011, Wu directed a short film segment entitled "A Grocery Called Forever" in the Taiwanese anthology film "10+10" (2011), starring Yung-Feng Lee.

paragraph: Section::::Acting.

paragraph: Besides directing and writing, Wu appears in film cameos from time to time. However, it was not until he acted in several beer and food product commercials that his true acting talent was discovered. He was cast as the lead ("NJ") in Edward Yang's film, "Yi Yi" (2000), which was critically acclaimed and won several international awards (including Best Director for Yang at Cannes). Wu also collaborated with Yang in the past by being an actor in Yang's previous films "Taipei Story" (1985) (as the Taxi Driver) and "Mahjong" (1996) (as the Gangster in a Black Suit) and the writer of the screenplay for Yang's first feature film as a director, "That Day, On The Beach" (1983). Wu also appeared as an actor in Hou Hsiao-hsien's film "Daughter of the Nile" (1987).

paragraph: In 2014, Wu appeared in the film "The Boar King" and in 2013, Wu played the character "Master Silly Mortal" in the film "Zone Pro Site", the 9th highest grossing Taiwanese domestic film of all time. In 2013, Wu played the older mobster character Ho Cheng-Chih in Chien-yu Yu's 2013 (but released 2016) gangster film, "Mole of Life". In 2009, Wu had a role as Chen Ting-Ho on the Taiwanese TV series "The Year of Happiness and Love" (2009-2010). Wu also played the Tour Bus Driver in Huai-en Chen's "Island Etude" (2006). In 2000, the same year he appeared in "Yi Yi", Wu also acted in Chih-yu Hung's "Pure Accidents" (2000). Wu also appeared as an actor in "Buddha Bless America" (1996), which he also wrote and directed, and acted in several Taiwanese New Wave films of the 1980s, including Kun Hao Chen's "My Favorite Season" (1985) and "Out of the Blue" (1984) and 's "I Love Mary" (1984).

paragraph: Section::::Miscellaneous.

paragraph: Currently, Wu runs his own production company Wu's Productions and actively writes, directs, produces and performs in commercials and television programs. He is an artist of many versatile talents, being a published novelist, author, writer and well-respected Taiwanese filmmaker.

paragraph: Wu's son, Chien-Ting Wu, is also an actor in Taiwan, and has starred in TV shows such as "Apple in Your Eye" and films such as Arvin Chen's "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow" (2013).

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Director.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Borrowed Life" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "太平天國 Buddha Bless America" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Grocery Called Forever" in anthology film, "10+10" (2011)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Executive Producer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Somewhere I Have Never Traveled" (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Screenplays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Puppetmaster" (Dir. Hou Hsiao-hsien, 1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Song of the Exile" (Dir. Anne Hui, 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My American Grandson" (Dir. Anne Hui, 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A City of Sadness" (Dir. Hou Hsiao-hsien, 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dust in the Wind" (Dir. Hou Hsiao-hsien, 1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "That Day on the Beach" (Dir. Edward Yang, 1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sandwich Man" (Dir. Hou Hsiao-hsien, Tseng Chuang-Hsiang and Wan Ren, 1983)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Actor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Year of Happiness and Love" (TV Series)(Dir. Various, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yi Yi" (Dir. Edward Yang, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mahjong" (Dir. Edward Yang, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Taipei Story" (Dir. Edward Yang, 1985)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "台灣念真情" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "這些人，那些事" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "八歲一個人去旅行" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "臺灣念真情" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "特別的一天" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "抓住一個春天" (1977)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nien-Jen Wu's official forum in Traditional Chinese, which has been established by one of Wu's TV colleagues.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Taiwan Stories of Edward Yang and Wu Nien-jen," Harvard Film Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wu Nien-jen becomes NCCU’s new artist-in-residence" National Chengchi University web site

alias:
Wu Nianzhen
Wu Wenqin

description: Taiwanese scriptwriter, film director and author

wikidata_label: Wu Nien-jen

wikipedia_title: Wu Nien-jen


text:
Rovaniemi
Finnish
Nordic combined
Sapporo 2007
Liberec
2009
Winter Olympics
Vancouver
2010
Italy
Finland

categories: People from Rovaniemi,1988 births,Nordic combined skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Nordic combined skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Finnish male Nordic combined skiers,FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined,Living people,Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Finland,Nordic combined skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Janne Ryynänen

paragraph: Janne Pekka Ryynänen (born 1988 in Rovaniemi) is a Finnish Nordic combined athlete who has been competing since 2003. His ski club is "Ounasvaaran hiihtoseura". One of his greatest achievements include a gold medal from 4 x 5 km team competition at Sapporo 2007, where he had the longest jump of the Finnish team. Ryynänen best individual finish was fourth in the 10 km individual large hill event at Liberec in 2009.

paragraph: Ryynänen's best finish at the Winter Olympics was seventh in the 4 x 5 km team event at Vancouver in 2010 while his best individual finish was 12th in the 10 km individual large hill event at those same games.

paragraph: His lone World Cup victory was at a 4 x 5 km team event at Italy in 2007 while his best individual finish was second in Finland twice, both in 2008.

description: Finnish Nordic combined skier

wikidata_label: Janne Ryynänen

wikipedia_title: Janne Ryynänen


text:
Raja
Rathore Clan
Jodhpur
Marwar
Ajit Singh
Mughal Empire
Gujarat
Muhammad Azam Shah
Jodhpur
Abhai Singh
kill
Maratha
Mughal Empire
Maratha Empire
siege
Ahmedabad
Nagor
Bikaner State
Jai Singh II
Kingdom of Jaipur
Merta
rupee
war of revenge
durbar
battle at Gangwana
Ram Singh
primogeniture
Ajmer
Marwar
Mughals
cholera
Vijay Singh
Vijay Singh
Ram Singh
Richards, John F.

wikipedia_title:
Raja
Rathore
Jodhpur State
Marwar
Ajit Singh of Marwar
Mughal Empire
Gujarat
Muhammad Azam Shah
Jodhpur
Abhai Singh of Marwar
List of patricides
Maratha
Mughal Empire
Maratha Empire
Siege
Ahmedabad
Nagor
Bikaner State
Jai Singh II
Jaipur State
Merta City
Rupee
Revanchism
Durbar (court)
Battle of Gangwana
Ram Singh of Marwar
Primogeniture
Ajmer
Marwar
Mughal Empire
Cholera
Vijay Singh of Marwar
Vijay Singh of Marwar
Ram Singh of Marwar
John F. Richards

categories: 1706 births,1752 deaths,Rulers of Marwar

paragraph: Bakht Singh of Marwar

paragraph: Maharaja Bakht Singh (16 August 1706 – 21 September 1752) was an 18th century Indian Raja of the Rathore Clan. Born in 1706, he ruled over various domains in the Jodhpur and Marwar states and was a major political force during his life.

paragraph: Bakht Sing was born on 16 August 1706 as the second son of Ajit Singh. At the time of Bakht's birth his family was in active revolt against the Mughal Empire due to an ongoing territorial dispute over Gujarat. His father was pardoned by Muhammad Azam Shah in 1708, granting the Rathore clan control over the Kingdom of Marwar and the city of Jodhpur.

paragraph: In 1724 Bakht Singh and his elder brother Abhai Singh plotted to kill their father and usurp his position as Raja. They succeeded, and Abhai Singh became the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Marwar and Jodhpur. This abrupt change of leadership sparked a brief civil war among the Rathore in Marwar, during which the brothers employed Maratha soldiers to fight their enemies. At this time Marwar was a vassal of the Mughal Empire, which was in constant conflict with the Maratha Empire. The allowing of Maratha soldiers onto Mughal territory to solve a domestic dispute effectively estranged the Rathore from the Mughal government.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and political ascension.:Siege of Ahmedabad.

paragraph: In 1730 a taxation depute against Sarbuland Khan resulted in Abhai Singh laying siege to the city of Ahmedabad. Bakht Singh personally led the storming of the city, after which the settlement came under Rathore control. He was commended for his bravery during the battle.

paragraph: Section::::Lordship and Battle of Gangwana.

paragraph: By 1739 Bakht Singh had been appointed lord of Nagor. Seeking to expand his influence, he attempted to force concessions from the Bikaner State, calling on his brother for support. The Raja of Bikaner sent a letter to Jai Singh II, the powerful Maharaja of the Kingdom of Jaipur, requesting assistance. Jai Singh sent a letter to Abhai Singh asking for leniency to be shown to Bikaner, a request Abhai sharply refuted. Seeking to end the conflict, Jai Singh dispatched his minister Vidyadhar to Bhakt Singh. Bakht agreed to withdraw his men from the conflict if he were paid by Jaipur and given the town of Merta. This was done, and with Bakht Singh now removed as a threat, Jai Singh was able to force a peace with Marwar. Unable to face Jaipur alone, Abhai Singh was forced to sign a treaty with Jai Singh. The Kingdom of Marwar was forced to pay 1 lahk (100000) rupees to the Mughals, 20 lahk (2000000) to Jaipur, give up hostages, and was prohibited from sending emissaries to the Mughal court without the express approval of Jai Singh. The latter condition effectively made Marwar a vassal of Jaipur, as Abhai could no longer request aid from the Mughal government. The treaty enraged many members of the Rathore clan, most of whom felt that Bakht Singh was responsible for the disaster.

paragraph: In 1741 Abhai Singh began to gather his forces in Jodhpur in preparation for a war of revenge against Jaipur. Jai Singh detected these movements and gathered his army (of 40000-100000 men) to invade Marwar. As the Jaipur army advanced, Bakht Singh arrived at Merta, the forward camp for the Rathore and Marwar army. He entered the Raja's durbar, where he was chastised by his fellow Rathors for his betrayal. Bhakt accepted his wrongdoing, and promised to lead his personal cavalry contingent (of 1000 men) against the oncoming Jaipur.

paragraph: In the ensuing battle at Gangwana Bakht Singh and his cavalry succeeded in inflicting heavy casualties on the Jaipur army. Over 12000 Rajputs and Mughals were killed, losses so high that Jai Singh ended the campaign and was forced to accept a mediated peace with Abhai Singh. Bakht Singh, wounded by both a bullet and an arrow during the fighting, was once again praised for his valor.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: On 17 June 1749 Abhai Singh died, with his eldest son Ram Singh succeeding him. Bhakt Singh (his uncle) disagreed with this primogeniture and rose up in revolt. Bakht Singh emerged triumphant in the battle of Luniawas, becoming the Maharaja of Marwar and Jodhpur in July 1751. Bhakt Singhs first step as a ruler was to raise an army in Ajmer and to start fortifying his holdings to protect Marwar from external threats like the Mughals, Marathas and Afghans. However not much was achieved due to his sudden death by cholera on 21 September 1752. His son Vijay Singh inherited his titles. The Rathor civil war between Vijay Singh and Ram Singh that would follow after Bhakt Singhs death ultimately led to the downfall of the Rathor clan.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R.K Gupta, S.R Bakshi (2008). "Rajasthan Through the Ages, Vol 4, Jaipur Rulers and Administration." Sarup & Sons. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jodhpur and the Later Mughals, AD 1707–1752", by R. S. Sangwan. Published by Pragati Publications, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Jadunath Sarkar (1994). "A History of Jaipur 1503–1938". Orient Longman. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faruqui, Munis D. (2012). "The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719". Cambridge University Press. p. 316. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- G"azetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Ahmedabad". "Google Books 2015 (Public Domain text)". 7 January 2015. pp. 248–262. Retrieved 1 February 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richards, John F. (1995). "The Mughal Empire" (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–181. .

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rulers of Marwar

wikidata_label: Bakht Singh of Marwar

wikipedia_title: Bakht Singh of Marwar


text: UCI WorldTeam

categories: Hungarian male cyclists,Living people,1998 births,Sportspeople from Budapest

paragraph: Barnabás Peák

paragraph: Barnabás Peák (born 29 November 1998) is a Hungarian cyclist riding for the .

paragraph: In June 2019, Peák was announced to be joining UCI WorldTeam as a stagiaire during the 2019 season, before competing full-time with the team from 2020.

paragraph: Section::::Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019

wikidata_label: Barnabás Peák

wikipedia_title: Barnabás Peák


text:
New York City
James W. Wallack
Laura Keene
Ann S. Stephens
Harper & Brothers
D. Appleton & Company
Appletons' Journal
Robert Carter

categories: Writers from New York City,19th-century American dramatists and playwrights,1828 births,American magazine editors,1890 deaths

paragraph: Oliver Bell Bunce

paragraph: Oliver Bell Bunce (February 8, 1828 – May 15, 1890) was an American author, editor, and playwright.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in New York City, in his youth he joined his uncle's stationery house Jansen & Bell.

paragraph: While connected with this house he began writing plays, several of which were brought out.

paragraph: "Fate or the Prophecy", a tragedy in blank verso, and "Marco Bozzaris" were played by James W. Wallack, and "Love in '76", a comedy, was played by Laura Keene in the leading woman's role. He also wrote a series of historical sketches which were afterward collected and published in a volume entitled "The Romance of the Revolution." In 1854 Bunce and his brother established a publishing house with the firm name of Bunce & Brother. This firm published Ann S. Stephens's "Monthly" and Bunce acted as its editor. But the firm not being successful for lack of sufficient capital, was dissolved after a few years and he became manager of the publishing house of James G. Gregory, a position which he retained until some years after the death of the senior member of the firm. For a short time he was connected with the house of Harper & Brothers as literary reader. In 1867 he formed a connection with D. Appleton & Company, which continued until his death. When "Appletons' Journal" was established in 1869, Bunce was made associate editor, and upon the retirement of Robert Carter in 1872, he became its chief editor. Bunce also authored several books, novels, and essays of dramatic criticism. He died in New York City. After his death, his widow published articles and recipes under the name Mrs. Oliver Bell Bunce.

description: American author, editor, and playwright

wikidata_label: Oliver Bell Bunce

wikipedia_title: Oliver Bell Bunce


text: Scottish Gaelic

text: Islay

text: Cannes

text: Scottish Gaelic

text: Celtic studies

text: Francis Wemyss Charteris Douglas

text: Walter Frederick Campbell

text: Daniel Campbell

text: Eton

text: University of Edinburgh

text: bar

text: Inner Temple

text: private secretary

text: Lord Privy Seal

text: Trinity House

text: Groom of the Privy Chamber

text: Popular Tales of the West Highlands

text: my Chief

text: Marquess of Lorne

text: George Henderson

text: Scottish Highlands

text: Fenian

text: Gaelic

text: Danish

text: Norwegian

text: Swedish

text: Lapp

text: Colin Alexander McVean

text: Tokyo

text: Nikko

text: Kyoto

text: Kobe

text: Frank Dillion

text: thermograph

text: Campbell–Stokes recorder

text: Kildalton Cross

text: Grand Jas Cemetery

text: Cannes

categories: 19th-century Scottish writers,Collectors of fairy tales,Translators from Scottish Gaelic,Scottish Gaelic language,1885 deaths,19th-century translators,Scottish folk-song collectors,1822 births,Scottish lawyers,People from Islay,Alumni of the University of Edinburgh

paragraph: John Francis Campbell

paragraph: John Francis Campbell (Scottish Gaelic: Iain Frangan Caimbeul; Islay, 29 December 1821 – Cannes, 17 February 1885), also known as Young John of Islay (Scottish Gaelic: Iain Òg Ìle) was a renowned Scottish author and scholar who specialised in Celtic studies. Campbell was known as an authority on Celtic folklore and of the Gaelic peoples.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: John Francis Campbell was born on Islay on 29 December 1821 to Lady Eleanor Charteris (1796–1832), eldest daughter of Francis Wemyss Charteris Douglas, and Walter Frederick Campbell of Islay (1798–1855), MP for Argyll. Campbell was a descendant (great-great-great-grandson) of Daniel Campbell of Shawfield who had bought Islay for £12,000 in 1726. The Shawfield Campbells owned Islay for 120 years until his father was forced to sell the island, leaving him heir to a diminishing family fortune. Campbell would have succeeded as the laird of Islay if not for the enormous debt of £800,000 incurred by his father on "improvements" to the island. Creditors forced the sale of the island and the family left in 1847. After his father's death he was known as Campbell of Islay, even though the isle was no longer in the family's possession.

paragraph: Section::::Education and early career.

paragraph: Campbell was educated at Eton and the University of Edinburgh.

paragraph: He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple 1851, and appointed private secretary to the Lord Privy Seal in 1853. He was assistant secretary to the General Board of Health in 1854, he became secretary to the Trinity House Royal Commission of Lighthouses in London 1859. In 1861 he was Groom of the Privy Chamber.

paragraph: Section::::Celtic studies.

paragraph: His most well-known published works are the bilingual "Popular Tales of the West Highlands" (4 vols., 1860–62) and "The Celtic Dragon Myth", published posthumously in 1911.

paragraph: He dedicated "Popular Tales of the West Highlands" to the son of my Chief, the Marquess of Lorne.

paragraph: Campbell had started preliminary work on "The Celtic Dragon Myth" in 1862, and work intensified on it from 1870 till 1884. After Campbell's death in 1885 the noted Gaelic scholar George Henderson contributed some translation work, provided an introduction, and completed the editing of the manuscript for its eventual publication in 1911.

paragraph: He travelled extensively throughout the Scottish Highlands and Islands with his scribes, scrupulously recording West Highland tales, Fenian ballads, songs, charms and anecdotes.

paragraph: He was proficient in Gaelic, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Lapp, Italian, Spanish and German. In 1874 he embarked on a year-long world tour that took him to America, Japan, China, Java, Ceylon and India.

paragraph: Section::::Visit to Japan.

paragraph: As Campbell was acquainted with Colin Alexander McVean, Scottish engineer hired by Japan's Public Works as chief surveyor, he travelled several famous places around Tokyo together with McVean in the end of 1874 including Nikko. In the event of observation of Venus Transit by the Meiji government on December 9, 1874, He superintended one theodolite on Gotenyama Hill site at Tokyo. He walked through central part of Japan for Kyoto, then left Japan from Kobe in February 1875. He bought a lot of Japanese antiques and showed them at London to his friends including Frank Dillion.

paragraph: Section::::Inventions.

paragraph: Campbell invented the meteorological sunshine recorder or thermograph that bears his name as the Campbell–Stokes recorder.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: He is buried under a replica of Islay’s treasured Kildalton Cross in the Grand Jas Cemetery (le cimetière "du Grand Jas") at Cannes.

paragraph: Campbell never married.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Short Biography of John Francis Campbell

paragraph: BULLET::::- An Article on John Francis Campbell's Life

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monument in Islay erected for John Francis Campbell

alias:
Iain Frangan Caimbeul
Young John of Islay
Iain Òg Ìle
John Campbell
Iain Og Ile

description: Scottish author and Celticist

wikidata_label: John Francis Campbell

wikipedia_title: John Francis Campbell


text: painter

text: printmaker

text: Paris

text: École des Beaux-Arts

text: Jean Bremond

text: Alexandre Cabanel

text: Prix de Rome

text: Charlotte Dubray

text: academic

text: Impressionists

text: fresco

text: Sorbonne

text: Comédie-Française

text: Hôtel de Ville

text: 1st arrondissement

text: watercolour

text: pastel

text: oil

text: etching

text: Thomas Gainsborough

text: Joshua Reynolds

text: Madame Réjane

text: Carolus Duran

text: Académie française

text: Académie des Beaux-Arts

text: Salon des Tuileries

text: United States

text: Cardinal Mercier

text: Legion of Honour

text: Académie française

text: National Academy of Design

text: Short biography in French

text: Links to some of his paintings on line

categories: Artists from Paris,1849 births,19th-century French painters,French male painters,Prix de Rome for painting,1934 deaths,Members of the Académie française,French Impressionist painters,Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur,20th-century French painters,Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium

paragraph: Paul-Albert Besnard

paragraph: Paul-Albert Besnard (2 June 1849 – 4 December 1934) was a French painter and printmaker.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Paris and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, studied with Jean Bremond and was influenced by Alexandre Cabanel. He won the Prix de Rome in 1874 with the painting "Death of Timophanes".

paragraph: On 19 November 1879 he married the sculptor Charlotte Dubray (1854–1931). They would have four children, of whom three were artists.

paragraph: Until about 1880 he followed the academic tradition, but then broke away completely, and devoted himself to the study of colour and light as conceived by the Impressionists. The realism of this group never appealed to his bold imagination, but he applied their technical method to ideological and decorative works on a large scale, such as his frescoes at the Sorbonne, the Ecole de Pharmacie, the ceiling of the Comédie-Française (main theatre in Paris), the Salle des Sciences at the Hôtel de Ville, the "mairie" of the 1st arrondissement, and the chapel of Berck hospital, for which he painted twelve Stations of the Cross in an entirely modern spirit.

paragraph: A great virtuoso, he achieved brilliant successes alike in watercolour, pastel, oil and etching, both in portraiture, in landscape and in decoration. His close analysis of light can be studied in his picture "La femme qui se chauffe" at the Luxembourg in Paris, one of a large group of nude studies of which a later example is "Une Nymphe au bord de la mer"; and in the work produced during and after a visit to India in 1911. A large panel, "Peace by Arbitration", was completed seven days before the outbreak of war in 1914.

paragraph: Partly under the influence of Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds, whom he studied during a three-years stay in England, he applied his methods to a brilliant series of portraits, especially of women. Notable among these are the "Portrait de Théâtre" (Madame Réjane), and "Mme. Roger Jourdain". The former is a good example of his daring unconventionality. A later work is "The King and Queen of Belgium" (1919). His landscape work is represented by "L'ile heureuse", and "Un Ruisseau dans la Montagne" (1920). A symbolist in his decorative work, Besnard's frank delight in the external world and his “chic” luminous technique bring him close to the 18th-century French painters.

paragraph: A foundation member of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts in 1890, in 1913 he became a member of the Institute. He succeeded Carolus Duran as director of the Académie française in Rome. In 1912, he became a member of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts and became director of the École des Beaux Arts in 1922. In 1923 he co-founded the Salon des Tuileries.

paragraph: He was represented in the official exhibition of French art held in the United States in 1919-20 by a symbolic 1917 portrait of Cardinal Mercier. An important exhibition of his works was shown in different cities of the United States in 1924.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1907 : Member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium.

paragraph: BULLET::::- commander of the Legion of Honour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 : member of the Académie française (Seat #13).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932: Honorary Corresponding member of the National Academy of Design.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short biography in French

paragraph: BULLET::::- Links to some of his paintings on line

alias:
Albert Besnard
Paul Albert Besnard
Besnard
besnard a.
albert besnard
A. Besnard
a. besnard

description: French painter and engraver

wikidata_label: Paul-Albert Besnard

wikipedia_title: Paul-Albert Besnard


href: Isin Babylon Elam Marduk Nebuchadnezzar%20II Shamash-shum-ukin Shirikti-shuqamuna Ninurta-kudurri-usur%20I Ninurta-nadin-shumi Enlil-nadin-apli Marduk-nadin-ahhe Marduk-shapik-zeri En-men-dur-ana Sippar Kassites Marduk%23The%20Marduk%20Prophecy Ashurbanipal Assyria Ashur-resh-ishi%20I Adad Nippur Simbar-shipak Enlil Ur Nabonidus Lorest%C4%81n%20bronze Adad-apla-iddina En%C3%BBma%20Eli%C5%A1 Kudurru%20for%20%C5%A0itti-Marduk Neminath

text:
Isin
Babylon
Elam
Marduk
Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur II
Šamaš-šuma-ukin
Širikti-šuqamuna
Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I
Ninurta-nādin-šumi
Enlil-nādin-apli
Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē
Marduk-šāpik-zēri
Enmeduranki
Sippar
Kassite
Marduk prophecy
Ashurbanipal
Assyria
Aššur-rēša-iši I
Adad
Nippur
Simbar-Šipak
Enlil
Ur
Nabonidus
Lorestān bronze
Adad-apla-iddina
Enûma Eliš
Kudurru for Šitti-Marduk
Neminath

categories: 12th-century BC rulers,12th-century BC Babylonian kings,Babylonian kings

paragraph: Nebuchadnezzar I

paragraph: Nebuchadnezzar I (), in Arabic (نبوخذ نصر) r. c. 1125–1104 BC, was the fourth king of the Second Dynasty of Isin and Fourth Dynasty of Babylon. He ruled for 22 years according to the "Babylonian King List C", and was the most prominent monarch of this dynasty. He is best known for his victory over Elam and the recovery of the cultic idol of Marduk.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He is unrelated to his later namesake, Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur II, who has come to be known by the Hebrew form of his name “Nebuchadnezzar.” Consequently, it is anachronistic but not inappropriate to apply this designation retroactively to the earlier king, as he does not make an appearance in the Bible. He is misidentified in the "Chronicle Concerning the Reign of Šamaš-šuma-ukin" as the brother of Širikti-šuqamuna probably in place of Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I. He succeeded his father, Ninurta-nādin-šumi, and was succeeded in turn by his son Enlil-nādin-apli, brother Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē and then nephew Marduk-šāpik-zēri, the only members of this family known to have reigned during the dynasty.

paragraph: The "Enmeduranki legend", or the "seed of kingship", is a Sumero-Akkadian composition relating his endowment with perfect wisdom ("nam-kù-zu") by the god Marduk and his claim to belong to a “distant line of kingship from before the flood” and to be an “offspring of Enmeduranki, king of Sippar.” It begins with a lament over preceding events:

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:War with Elam.

paragraph: The duration of Nebuchadnezzar's war with Elam and the number of campaigns he conducted are not known, though it is reasonable to believe that this was a protracted effort with diverse strategic considerations. According to a later literary tradition, an invasion of Elam was thwarted when his army was struck by plague and he narrowly escaped death in the stampede to return home. A raid, or "šiḫṭu", commemorated in a "kudurru" created during his reign describes a successful campaign. In this raid he was accompanied by the Kassite chieftain Šitti-Marduk who struck the decisive blow, he was able to overrun Elam in a surprise attack conducted from Dēr during the hottest of the summer months, Dumuzi, when

paragraph: According to the "kudduru", Nebuchadnezzar routed the Elamite king Ḫulteludiš-Inšušinak on the banks of the river Ulaya in an engagement that saw the dust of the battle darkening the sky. No contemporary or later source records a sack of Susa by Nebuchadnezzar, but according to another "kudurru" he was able to retrieve the statue of Marduk (here called Bēl) and that of the goddess Il-āliya (DINGIR.URU-ia) during this or another campaign. The campaign destroyed Elam as a power and provided a defining moment for the Babylonians akin to the siege of Troy for the ancient Greeks.

paragraph: This famous victory was celebrated in hymns, & epic poetry; and alluded to in the "Marduk prophecy". Known as “Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur and Marduk” or the "Epic of Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur" a poetic document dealing with the legendary story of his recovery of the statue of Marduk; and is one of two hymns glorify his military achievements. It opens with the king in despair, lamenting over the absence of Marduk, "beautiful Babylon pass through your heart, Turn your face toward (your temple) Esagila, which you love!”

paragraph: The "Hymn to Marduk", celebrating victory over the Elamites, is assigned to him rather than Ashurbanipal who had a similar triumph, on stylistic grounds. There is a poetic pseudo-autobiography, which does not actually mention him by name. An interlinear Sumero-Akkadian text describes the events preceding the return of the statue from Elam and its joyous installation in Babylon. A seventh-century astrological report alludes to observations made during his reign and their relationship to his devastation of Elam.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Other conflicts.

paragraph: The "Synchronistic History" relates his entente cordiale with his contemporary, the Assyrian king Aššur-rēša-iši I, and subsequently the outcome of two military campaigns against the border fortresses of Zanqi and Idi that he conducted in violation of this agreement. The first was curtailed by the arrival of Aššur-rēša-iši’s main force, causing Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur to burn his siege engines and flee, while the second resulted in a battle in which the Assyrians apparently triumphed, “slaughtered his troops (and) carried off his camp.” It even reports the capture of the Babylonian field marshal, Karaštu.

paragraph: He is titled as the conqueror of the Amorite lands, “despoiler of the Kassites,” in the Šittti-Marduk kudurru, despite the beneficiary being a Kassite chieftain and ally, and having smitten the mighty Lullubû with weapons.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Domestic affairs.

paragraph: His construction activities are memorialized in building inscriptions of the Ekituš-ḫegal-tila, temple of Adad, in Babylon, on bricks from the temple of Enlil in Nippur and appear in the later king Simbar-Šipak’s reference to his having built the throne of Enlil for the Ekur-igigal in Nippur. A late Babylonian inventory lists his donations of gold vessels in Ur and Nabonidus, ca. 555 to 539 BC, consulted his stele for the "ēntu-"priestess.

paragraph: The earliest of three extant economic texts is dated to his eighth year. Together with three kudurrus and a stone memorial tablet, these are the only contemporary commercial or administrative records extant. Apart from the two deeds related to the Elamite campaign, the other kudurru bears witness to a land grant to the "nišakku" of Nippur, a certain Nudku-ibni. His name appears on four Lorestān bronze daggers and there is a prayer to Marduk on two more. He may be the Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur who is mentioned in the "Chronicle of Market Prices" which records his ninth year but the context is lost.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Period literature.

paragraph: The Uruk "List of Sages and Scholars" names Šaggil-kīnam-ubbib as the "ummânu", or sage, who served under him and the later king Adad-apla-iddina when he would author the "Babylonian Theodicy", and several literary texts are thought to originate from his age, written in both Sumerian and Akkadian.

paragraph: Lambert has suggested that it was during his reign that Marduk was elevated to the head of the pantheon, displacing Enlil and that the Enûma Eliš was possibly composed, but some historians claim an origin during the earlier Kassite dynasty. A text concerning chemical process (imitations for precious stones) bears a colophon identifying it as a copy of an older Babylonian original but places it in his library.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kudurru for Šitti-Marduk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Neminath

description: King of Babylon

wikidata_label: Nebuchadnezzar I

wikipedia_title: Nebuchadnezzar I