text:
Grilstone
Bishop's Nympton
Justice of the Common Pleas
MP
Totnes
JP
knighted
Fuller
John Pollard
Way
St Giles in the Wood
Great Torrington
monumental brass
Roborough
Risdon
King's Nympton
Middle Temple
Lambeth Palace
Justice of the Common Pleas
King's Nympton
Oakford
Charles Brandon
Duke of Suffolk
Tavistock
Kingston
Staverton
Totnes
Hugh Pollard
Sheriff of Devon
Recorder of Barnstaple
Sir Lewis Pollard, 1st Baronet
Richard Pollard
Taunton
Devon
Putney
Thomas Cromwell
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Combe Martin
Forde Abbey
John Pollard
Archdeacon of Wilts
Archdeacon of Cornwall
Archdeacon of Barnstaple
Archdeacon of Totnes
Exeter Cathedral
Hooker's
Knowstone
Hall, Bishop's Tawton
South Molton
East Buckland
Coroner
Baron Zouche
manor of North Molton
Boulogne
Burlescombe
Hugh Stucley
lord
manor of Affeton
Thomas Stukley
impaling
baron
femme
Way, St Giles in the Wood
Hugh Paulet
George Carew
Powderham
Canonsleigh Abbey
Easter Sepulchre
Petrockstowe
Pevsner, Nikolaus
The Buildings of England

categories: Justices of the Common Pleas,Serjeants-at-law (England),Pollard family,Lawyers from Devon,1526 deaths,Year of birth unknown,16th-century English lawyers,Knights Bachelor,16th-century English judges,People from Devon,English judges,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Lewis Pollard

paragraph: Sir Lewis Pollard (c. 1465 – 21 October 1526) of Grilstone in the parish of Bishop's Nympton, Devon, was Justice of the Common Pleas from 1514 to 1526 and served as MP for Totnes in 1491 and was a JP in Devon in 1492. He was knighted after 1509. He was one of several Devonshire men to be "innated with a genius to study law", as identified by Fuller, who became eminent lawyers at a national level. He was a kinsman of the judge and Speaker of the House of Commons Sir John Pollard (c. 1508 – 1557).

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Pollard was a member of an ancient Devonshire gentry family, a younger son of Robert Pollard, second son of John Pollard of Way in the parish of St Giles in the Wood, near Great Torrington, Devon, by his wife, a member of the Lewknor family of Sussex. Robert's father John Pollard (whose wife was Alyanora Copleston (d. 21 September 1430), whose monumental brass exists in the parish church of St Giles in the Wood, daughter of John Copleston of Copleston, Devon) settled on him his lands in Roborough, about 5 miles SE of Great Torrington. Risdon states that Sir Lewis Pollard resided at Grilston, in the parish of Bishop's Nympton, before he purchased the nearby manor of King's Nympton to the south.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Lewis Pollard entered the Middle Temple to train as a lawyer, and was appointed Reader of that society, the third person to hold that office. He was appointed one of ten Sergeants at Law in 1505, during at a great ceremonial feast in Lambeth Palace with 1,000 guests including King Henry VII himself. In 1507 Pollard was appointed the King's Sergeant-at-Law to Henry VII and three years later the appointment was renewed by Henry VIII, who soon after appointed him a Justice of the Common Pleas. He remained in this office of judge until his death on 21 October 1526. Prince wrote of his career: "This high and great trust of a judge (an higher than which is hardly found upon earth, the lives and livelyhoods of men being therein concern'd) Sir Lewis Pollard executed with great faithfulness and reputation, the fragrant odour whereof perfumes his memory unto this day. His knowledge in the laws and other commendable virtues (as a certain writer tells us [i.e. Thomas Westcote]) together with a numerous issue rendered him famous above most of his age and rank".

paragraph: He purchased the manor of King's Nympton in Devon, where he built a residence and established a deer park. This remained the principal seat of the family for several generations and in the south aisle of the Parish Church of St James exists at the east end the "Pollard Chapel" with 17th-century panelling. He purchased the manor of Oakford in August 1507 for £203 from Sir Charles Brandon (d.1545), later Duke of Suffolk, and from his wife Margaret. The Pollards held Oakford until 1604 when it was sold by Sir Hugh Pollard to Richard Hill "alias" Spurway, a clothier of Tavistock.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: He married Agnes Hext, a daughter of Thomas Hext, a prominent lawyer of Kingston in the parish of Staverton, near Totnes, Devon, by his wife Florence Bonville. Westcote stated her to be the heiress of Dunisford (or Donesford). By her he had eleven sons and eleven daughters, including:

paragraph: The Heralds' Visitations of Devon lists the following sons of Sir Lewis Pollard:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Hugh Pollard (fl.1535, 1545), eldest son and heir. Sheriff of Devon in 1535/6 and Recorder of Barnstaple in 1545. He was the great-grandfather of Sir Lewis Pollard, 1st Baronet of King's Nympton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Richard Pollard (1505–1542), 2nd son, MP for Taunton (1536) and Devon (1539, 1542), of Putney, Surrey. King's Remembrancer of the Exchequer and a law reporter He was an assistant of Thomas Cromwell in administering the surrender of religious houses following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and was employed particularly as a surveyor who visited the premises and made a detailed valuation of the house's assets and income. In 1537 he was granted by King Henry VIII the manor of Combe Martin in Devon and in 1540 Forde Abbey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Pollard, 3rd son, Archdeacon of Wiltshire, Archdeacon of Cornwall, Archdeacon of Barnstaple (1544–1554), Archdeacon of Totnes and Canon of Exeter Cathedral. His full biography is included in Hooker's "Synopsis".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Pollard (d.1576), 4th son, purchased from the crown the manor of Knowstone, where he was buried on 26 September 1576. He married Anne (or Agnes) Chichester (d.1541), daughter of Richard Chichester of Hall, Bishop's Tawton by his wife Thomasine de Hall (d.1502), heiress of Hall. His eldest son was Hugh Pollard, whose daughter Temperance Pollard (d.1637) married William Pincombe (1566-1625) of South Molton and East Buckland in Devon, Coroner of Devon, whose ancestor had come into Devon in about 1485 as a follower of Baron Zouche, lord of the manor of North Molton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthony Pollard, 5th son.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir George Pollard, 6th son, knighted at Boulogne for his role in the defence of that English outpost.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Pollard, wife of Humphrey Moore (d.1537) of Moorehays in the parish of Burlescombe, in the church of which exists his monument.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jane Pollard, wife of Sir Hugh Stucley (1496-1559) lord of the manor of Affeton in Devon and mother of the mercenary Thomas Stukley. A heraldic stained-glass roundel survives in the south window of the Pollard Chapel in the south aisle of King's Nympton Church showing the arms of Stucley impaling Pollard, with quarterings of each family. The arms are as follows: "baron", quarterly 1st "Azure, three pears pendant or" (Stucley); 2nd "Argent a chevron engrailed between three fleurs-de-lis sable" (de Affeton); 3rd "Argent a chevron gules between three roses of the second seeded or" (Manningford?); 4th "Gules, three lions rampant or" (FitzRoger); "femme" quarterly 1st & 4th "Argent, a chevron sable between three mullets gules pierced or" (de Via/Way of Way, St Giles in the Wood); 2nd & 3rd "Argent, a chevron sable between three escallops gules" (Pollard)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippa Pollard, wife of Sir Hugh Paulet of a href="Sampford%20Peverell"Sampford Peverell/a»

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomasine Pollard, wife of Admiral Sir George Carew (d.1545)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth, wife firstly (as his second wife) of John Crocker of Lineham, by whom she had issue, and secondly of Sir Hugh Trevanion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unnamed daughter, wife of "Hugh" Courtenay of Powderham, whose identity is uncertain.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on 21 October 1526 aged about 61 and was buried in the church at King's Nympton, as Risdon stated "In Nymet Church Judge Pollard lieth honourably interred, having a monument erected to his memory" (see below), as well as a stained-glass memorial window nearby, now lost (see below). His reference to "Nymet" is clearly intended as Bishop's Nympton, as the passage occurs within his section on that parish, which is followed by a separate section on King's Nympton.

paragraph: His will was dated 4 November 1525 and bequeathed the profits of his manor of Oakford to a chantry "to pray for my soule my father my mother my uncle Maister Lewis Pollard..." He mentioned "My Lady of Canon Lege", possibly a reference to Canonsleigh Abbey. He mentioned his brother Thomas Pollard, his sons John, Richard, Antonye, his godson Lewes Stucley and "Annes my wife", whom he requested should not remarry, in which case she should inherit together with his son John the residue of all his goods. He left £6 13s 4d towards the building of a church tower at either Bishop's Nympton or King's Nympton. The will was witnessed by Antony Pollard, Squire, and Thomas Hext, gent.

paragraph: The ornately sculpted late Perpendicular Gothic stone monument in Bishop's Nympton Church is generally assumed to be to Sir Lewis Pollard. It is set into the north wall of the chancel, near the altar. According to Pevsner it probably doubled as an Easter Sepulchre.

paragraph: In 1630 when Risdon was writing his "Survey of Devon", a now lost stained-glass window existed in Bishop's Nympton Church which depicted Sir Lewis Pollard, probably kneeling, with ten or eleven sons behind him on one side, and on the other side his wife facing him, probably also kneeling, with 10 or 11 daughters behind her. The following story is related by Prince:

paragraph: There was a tradition of long standing in this family. That his lady, glassing this window in her husband's absence at the Term in London, caused one child more than she then had to be set up there; presuming, having had one and twenty already, and usually conceiving at her husband's coming home, that she should have another. Which, inserted in expectation, came to pass in reality.

paragraph: Such arrangement of husband kneeling opposite wife, perhaps separated by a prie-dieu, he with sons behind him and she with daughters behind her, was a common composition for monuments at this period, as seen for example in the Rolle monumental brasses in Petrockstowe Church. An inscription on the glass stated, according to Risdon, "his name, marriage, office and issue" with underneath the following inscription:

paragraph: Orate pro bono statu Ludovici Pollard militis unius Justiciar(iorum) Domini Regis de Banco et Eliz(abetha) uxor(is) eius qui istam fenestram fieri fecerunt("Pray for the good of Lewis Pollard, knight, one of the Justices of the Bench of the Lord King, and Elizabeth his wife who brought this window into being")

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baker, J.H., "Biography of Sir Lewis Pollard", published in "History of Parliament: House of Commons 1439–1509", eds. Wedgwood, J.C., & Holt A.D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cherry, Bridget; Pevsner, Nikolaus "The Buildings of England: Devon", Penguin Books, 1989. 2nd edition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoskins, W.G., "A New Survey of England: Devon", London, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince, John, "Worthies of Devon", pp. 640–644

paragraph: BULLET::::- Risdon, Tristram, "Survey of Devon", 1630, 1810 ed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) "The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620", Exeter, 1895

description: English judge

wikidata_label: Lewis Pollard

wikipedia_title: Lewis Pollard


text: Hungarian

text: Szombathely

text: Hungary

text: Boldizsár Horvát

text: József Márkus

text: Mayor

text: Lord Mayor of Budapest

text: French Huguenot

text: Romola de Pulszky

text: Vaslav Nijinsky

text: suicide

text: Brisbane, Australia

text: screenplay

text: Edward Albee

text: Tony Richardson

text: Rudolf Nureyev

text: Claude Jade

text: Paul Schofield

text: Harry Saltzman

text: Nijinsky

text: Herbert Ross

text: George de la Peña

text: Leslie Browne

text: Alan Bates

text: Jeremy Irons

text: Janet Suzman

text: The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky

text: Paul Cox

text: Derek Jacobi

categories: Hungarian stage actresses,Hungarian nobility,1949 deaths,1860 births,People from Budapest,20th-century Hungarian people

paragraph: Emília Márkus

paragraph: Emília Márkus, (married name Pulszky; September 10, 1860 – December 24, 1949), was a Hungarian aristocrat, politician and the most renowned actress of her time in Hungary, known for her roles in a number of Hungarian theatrical and film productions, including "Three Spinsters" (1936), "A táncz" (1901) and "Az aranyhajú szfinksz" (1914).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Emília Márkus was born in Szombathely, Hungary as the sixth child of József Márkus and Anna Horvát (sister of Boldizsár Horvát). One of her brothers was József Márkus, the Mayor (1896–1897) then Lord Mayor of Budapest (1897–1906).

paragraph: In 1878 she graduated from the Actor's Academy and was immediately contracted by the National Theatre, where she was engaged until her death in 1949. On June 7, 1882 she married Károly Pulszky (1853-1899), a Hungarian art collector, politician, member of Parliament and director of the Hungarian National Gallery of Art and founder of the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest. Károly's family came from Poland and were of French Huguenot descent, but had converted to Catholicism. Her first daughter, Terézia Pulszky (born on May 5, 1883) was called Tessa. Her second daughter, Romola de Pulszky, born on February 19, 1891, married Vaslav Nijinsky. Károly Pulszky went into exile because of a political scandal associated with art purchases for the gallery, first to London and then to Australia. After 17 years of marriage, he committed suicide at the age of 45 in Brisbane, Australia. Emília was remarried to Oscar Pardany in 1903.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural depictions.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural depictions.:In film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dancer" (planned film, 1970). The screenplay was written by playwright Edward Albee. The film was to be directed by Tony Richardson and star Rudolf Nureyev as Nijinsky, Claude Jade as Romola and Paul Schofield as Diaghilev, but producer Harry Saltzman canceled the project during pre-production.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nijinsky" (1980), directed by Herbert Ross, starring professional dancers George de la Peña as Nijinsky and Leslie Browne as Romola, with Alan Bates as Diaghilev, Jeremy Irons as Fokine and Janet Suzman as Emilia Markus. Romola Nijinsky had a writing credit for the film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky" (2001), written, directed, shot and edited by Paul Cox. The screenplay was based on Nijinsky's diaries, with the speeches read over related imagery by Derek Jacobi. The subject matter included his work, his illness, and his relationships with Diaghilev and Romola. Several Leigh Warren Dancers portrayed the dancer.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vaslav Nijinsky, Chapter One, "The Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky/ Unexpurgated Edition", Edited by Joan Acocella, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995, text online February 1999

description: Hungarian actress

wikidata_label: Emília Márkus

wikipedia_title: Emília Márkus


text: United States House of Representatives

text: Illinois

text: Senate

text: Charles S. Deneen

text: Republican

text: Thomas E. Dewey

text: Mark Hanna

text: William McKinley

text: women's suffrage

text: Joseph Medill McCormick

text: Albert Gallatin Simms

text: Rockford, Illinois

text: Cleveland, Ohio

text: Republican

text: Mark Hanna

text: Vermont

text: Hathaway Brown School

text: The Masters School

text: Dobbs Ferry, New York

text: Miss Porter's School

text: Farmington, Connecticut

text: Ohio Governor

text: William McKinley

text: Thomasville, Georgia

text: Joseph "Medill" McCormick

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Theodore Roosevelt

text: Chicago

text: well-connected family

text: Chicago Tribune

text: Ruth "Bazy"

text: pure foods movement

text: Women's City Club of Chicago

text: suffragist

text: Progressive Party

text: Illinois General Assembly

text: National Civil Federation

text: Grace Wilbur Trout

text: Edward F. Dunne

text: Nineteenth Amendment

text: Congressional Committee

text: Alice Paul

text: Congressional Union

text: melodrama

text: World Film Company

text: Irene McCoy Gaines

text: Republican National Committee

text: United States House of Representatives

text: Byron, Illinois

text: Charles S. Deneen

text: Alice Roosevelt Longworth

text: Woman's World's Fair

text: Calvin Coolidge

text: Grace Coolidge

text: the general election

text: Herbert Hoover

text: Seventy-first Congress

text: House Committee on Naval Affairs

text: Oscar DePriest

text: Census and Reapportionment Bill

text: 14th Amendment

text: Spanish–American War

text: World Court

text: William Hale Thompson

text: James Hamilton Lewis

text: Prohibition

text: stock market crash

text: Rockford, Illinois

text: Colorado Springs, Colorado

text: Columbia University

text: Albert Gallatin Simms

text: New Mexico

text: Albuquerque

text: Los Poblanos

text: John Gaw Meem

text: La Quinta Cultural Center

text: Albuquerque Little Theatre

text: 1936 Republican National Convention

text: Sandia Mountains

text: 1940 presidential election

text: Thomas Dewey's

text: New York Daily News

text: Joseph Medill Patterson

text: Wendell Willkie

text: pancreatitis

text: Chicago

text: Albuquerque Academy

text: Hasara, Karen

categories: Spouses of members of the United States House of Representatives,Spouses of United States Senators,Members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois,Politicians from Cleveland,Illinois Republicans,1944 deaths,Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives,20th-century American politicians,Miss Porter's School alumni,Female members of the United States House of Representatives,Medill-Patterson family,McCormick family,American suffragists,People from Byron, Illinois,1880 births,American people of Scotch-Irish descent,American newspaper publishers (people),Spouses of Illinois politicians

paragraph: Ruth Hanna McCormick

paragraph: Ruth Hanna McCormick (née Ruth Hanna, also known as Ruth Hanna McCormick Simms; March 27, 1880 – December 31, 1944), was an American politician, activist, and publisher. She served one term in the United States House of Representatives, winning an at-large seat in Illinois in 1928. She gave up the chance to run for re-election to seek a United States Senate seat from Illinois. She defeated the incumbent, Senator Charles S. Deneen, in the Republican primary, becoming the first female Senate candidate for a major party. McCormick lost the general election. A decade later, she became the first woman to manage a presidential campaign, although her candidate, Thomas E. Dewey, failed to capture his party's nomination.

paragraph: Politics was a part of McCormick's life from an early age. She was the daughter of Mark Hanna, a Senator and politician who was instrumental in the election of President William McKinley. McCormick learned politics by watching her father, and put those lessons to use fighting for causes such as women's suffrage and improved working conditions for women. McCormick was instrumental in passing a partial suffrage law in Illinois in 1913, allowing women to vote in municipal and Presidential elections. She also married two politicians, Senator Joseph Medill McCormick and Congressman Albert Gallatin Simms.

paragraph: McCormick's endeavors were not limited to politics. Throughout her life, she maintained an interest in agriculture. She owned and operated ranches in Illinois, New Mexico, and Colorado. She also owned several newspapers, founding the Rockford Consolidated Newspapers in Rockford, Illinois.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Ruth Hanna was born on March 27, 1880, in Cleveland, Ohio. She was the third child of businessman and Republican politician Mark Hanna and Charlotte Augusta Hanna (née Rhodes). Her mother descended from a wealthy Vermont coal and iron family. She began riding ponies after her father gave her one as a gift when she was five years old. Instead of riding sidesaddle, as was common for girls at the time, Hanna rode astride the way boys did. She attended Hathaway Brown School in Cleveland, The Masters School in Dobbs Ferry, New York, and the Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut.

paragraph: Hanna's father was a close friend and political ally of Ohio Governor William McKinley, and she would often listen to the pair's political discussions. In 1896, Hanna traveled the country with her father, who was campaigning for then-presidential candidate McKinley while also running his own campaign for the United States Senate. Their stops included Dakota where Hanna stepped in to give a speech for her ill father, and Thomasville, Georgia, where she met her future husband Joseph "Medill" McCormick. Both McKinley and Hanna's father won their races, with Hanna's father earning the nickname "the President Maker".

paragraph: By age 16, Hanna was an avid horseback rider and never wore dresses. She was said to have an independent spirit. A practical joke she played on the McKinleys, in which she pretended to have killed a wildcat on her own, led to reports that Hanna was an avid hunter.

paragraph: After high school, Hanna went to Washington, D.C., to work as a secretary for her father who was serving as United States Senator from Ohio. Her duties included taking notes of events from the Senate Gallery. Her father hosted political breakfasts at their Washington, D.C. home where Hanna would socialize with political elites, including Presidents McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. She was well known in the social circles of Cleveland, Washington, D.C., and Chicago. Although her family was wealthy, Hanna did not limit her friends based on her social station.

paragraph: In 1902, Hanna became engaged to Medill McCormick. They were married on June 10, 1903, with President Roosevelt attending the wedding. Like Hanna, Medill was from a well-connected family. His grandfather, Joseph Medill, started the "Chicago Tribune", which the family continued to own. Hanna and Medill had three children: Katrina (born 1913), John Medill (born 1916), and Ruth "Bazy" (born 1921).

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Ruth Hanna McCormick relocated to Chicago after marrying, where Medill briefly worked as publisher of the "Chicago Tribune". McCormick began working at the paper as well. The McCormicks were a wealthy couple, and their wealth increased when, less than a year after their marriage, McCormick's father died, leaving her one of the primary beneficiaries of her father's $3 million estate. In spite of their personal wealth, the couple lived at the University of Chicago Settlement, which introduced McCormick to many working women and helped her to understand the problems they faced. During their time living in Chicago, McCormick owned a dairy farm to provide untainted milk to locals, as part of the pure foods movement.

paragraph: By 1908, McCormick was a member of the Women's Welfare Committee, an organization for helping workers. She was also an active member of the Women's City Club of Chicago, a group that sought to convince lawmakers to pass legislation to help women, but found women's concerns were being pushed aside because they were not voters. This observation led to McCormick becoming a suffragist. In 1911, she and her husband lived in France and Great Britain where they studied European politics. Upon her return to the United States, McCormick joined the Progressive Party in 1912. She had long supported Progressive Party leader Theodore Roosevelt and found the switch to be consistent with the principles of her father, even though he had been a staunch Republican. Her husband also joined the Progressive Party, winning a seat in the Illinois General Assembly in that same year. McCormick served as chairman of the women's welfare section of the National Civil Federation.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Suffrage.

paragraph: McCormick worked closely with Grace Wilbur Trout to enact partial equal suffrage legislation in Illinois, which gave women the right to vote in municipal and presidential elections. Suffragists in Illinois pursued partial suffrage because full suffrage required a public referendum which activists believed they were likely to lose. Illinois had frequently passed such legislation through one house of the legislature before it ultimately stalled. McCormick adapted techniques she learned from her father to devise a campaign to pressure every member of the legislature. Trout, McCormick, and their associates met with every legislator and were present at the state capital every day of the 2013 legislative session until the measure passed both houses. Governor Edward F. Dunne signed the equal suffrage bill into law on June 26, 1913, gifting McCormick with one of the pens used in the signature. With the enactment of the law, over one million women gained the right to vote, doubling the number of women voters nationwide.

paragraph: McCormick remained an active worker for national suffrage until the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified. In 1913, she became chairman of the Congressional Committee for the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). She took over leadership from Alice Paul, who went on to form the Congressional Union as a separate national suffrage organization. The new position had McCormick relocate from Illinois to Washington, D.C., where she promptly found a new headquarters for the Committee. From that headquarters, she was tasked with getting more pro-suffrage candidates elected to state level offices. During her time as leader of the Congressional Committee, McCormick produced the melodrama "Your Girl and Mine", which was intended to help gain support for the suffrage movement. The film never circulated broadly, despite critical praise from contemporary film reviewers, because the distribution agreement between NAWSA and the World Film Company fell apart shortly after the premiere in 1914 and the film was confined to private screenings. That same year, McCormick showed solidarity with black activists. McCormick marched alongside Irene McCoy Gaines in a Washington, D.C. suffrage parade, one year after NAWSA had insisted black women march separately. As chair of the campaign committee, McCormick donated a gold elephant to be melted down and sold to help finance suffrage efforts in several states. The elephant had been a gift from members of the Republican National Committee (RNC) to thank McCormick for traveling the country as part of the McKinley campaign.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Return to Republican Party politics.

paragraph: Medill served one term in the United States House of Representatives before being elected to the United States Senate from Illinois in 1918. McCormick was highly involved in her husband's political career, and he often credited her for his success. In 1918, McCormick served as the chairman of the first woman's executive committee of the RNC. As chair, she devised a plan to get women to become active members of the Republican Party across the country. She resigned from the position after less than a year due to poor health. Next, McCormick became an associate member of the RNC, a position she held from 1919 to 1924. In 1924, she became the first elected national committeewoman from Illinois and served until 1928.

paragraph: When not working on politics, McCormick managed her 1,500-acre farm in Illinois. The farm at Byron, Illinois, served as a model dairy, and it remained open as other similar farms closed for being unprofitable. McCormick and her children spent time at the farm during the summer months.

paragraph: Medill lost the Republican Primary in 1924 to Charles S. Deneen. Months later, on February 25, 1925, as he was preparing to leave office, Medill died. Although not publicized as such at the time, his death was considered a suicide. One of the factors leading to his suicide was his loss in the 1924 election. Medill had returned to Washington, D.C., days before his death, while McCormick stayed behind to spend time with her close friend of 30 years Alice Roosevelt Longworth after the birth of Longworth's first child. In her grief, McCormick considered giving up politics herself. At Longworth's urging, McCormick decided to continue.

paragraph: Two months after Medill's passing, McCormick threw herself into working at the Woman's World's Fair as general executive and as a member of the event's Board of Directors. The goal of the event was to demonstrate the progress of women. As part of her responsibilities, McCormick recruited President Calvin Coolidge and First Lady Grace Coolidge to participate in the opening of the Fair.

paragraph: Section::::Congressional career.

paragraph: McCormick was convinced her husband had lost the primary due to the lack of engagement of Republican women voters. She turned her attention towards organizing Republican women, starting Republican Women's Clubs in 90 of Illinois's 102 counties. McCormick used that newly mobilized voting base when, in 1928, she ran in a heavily contested primary race for one of Illinois's at-large congressional seats. In the April 1928 primary election, she finished in first place in a field of eight candidates, including two sitting Congressmen, to win one of the two Republican nominations. In November 1928, McCormick won first place in the general election with 1.7 million votes, elected along with the incumbent. Her vote total was a larger vote share than any other Republican on the ticket in Illinois, including President Herbert Hoover, and larger than any other member of the House of Representatives that year. McCormick was one of eight women elected to serve in the Seventy-first Congress, and one of three women elected for the first time. By the time she entered Congress, McCormick had built a reputation as an astute politician for her years of working with her husband, and her ability to navigate the factions of Illinois politics.

paragraph: Once in Congress, McCormick was appointed to the House Committee on Naval Affairs. She was the first woman to serve on the influential committee. Although she was not placed on the Agriculture Committee, despite her knowledge of farming, she pushed legislation to relieve farm overproduction. McCormick worked to ensure Oscar DePriest, elected to represent First Congressional District of Illinois, was seated over the objections of southerners who wanted to block the seating of an African-American. She supported a proposed amendment to the Census and Reapportionment Bill which aimed to enforce the 14th Amendment by counting disenfranchised individuals of voting age in the census. She also aided constituents who were veterans of the Spanish–American War who were having difficulty with their pensions.

paragraph: In September 1929, McCormick announced her intention to run for Senate against Republican incumbent Charles S. Deneen who won the seat from her husband in 1924. She sought the nomination at a time when no woman had ever been elected to the Senate. By October, McCormick had returned to Illinois, visiting the state's various counties to rally support while Deneen was stuck in Washington, D.C., on Senate business. As an Illinois farm owner, McCormick drew support from farmers in the state, particularly those down-state. McCormick also campaigned on her opposition to the World Court. She defeated Deneen in the 1930 Republican primary, 52% to 30%, to become the first female major party nominee for Senate. The victory showed strong support for McCormick throughout the state, including a surprisingly strong showing in Chicago where she had gained the support of former Mayor William Hale Thompson, who also had a rivalry with Deneen. McCormick later testified that the campaign cost $252,572 of her own money, with additional funds being raised from relatives.

paragraph: For the general election, McCormick was up against Democratic nominee former Senator James Hamilton Lewis. Lewis previously lost the seat to Medill in 1918. William Thompson, who had supported McCormick in the primary, threw his support to Lewis in the general election. One contentious issue in the campaign was Prohibition, which McCormick supported and Lewis did not. The high cost of McCormick's primary campaign also became a point for attack in the general election, with Lewis accusing McCormick of trying to buy the election. Lewis also made a point not to refer to McCormick by name, instead calling her "the lady candidate". McCormick refused to make her gender an issue, calling gender differences a personality issue and insisting political party mattered more in the general election. Unfortunately for McCormick, 1930 was a difficult year for Republican candidates as the stock market crash had occurred the year before. McCormick lost the election, 64% to 31%. Her term in office as a Congresswoman came to an end on March 3, 1931.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In 1930, McCormick bought all three newspapers in Rockford, Illinois. She then formed Rockford Consolidated Newspapers as the publisher of the "Rockford Register-Republic" and the "Rockford Morning Star". After leaving Congress, McCormick lived in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Her two youngest children attended school there while Katrina, the oldest, was enrolled in Columbia University. In 1932, she married politician Albert Gallatin Simms, of New Mexico, whom she met when they sat next to each other when they served together in Congress. Simms had lost reelection in 1930 and resided in Albuquerque.

paragraph: After their marriage, McCormick and Simms moved to Los Poblanos, a 800-acre ranch in Albuquerque. McCormick hired John Gaw Meem to add to the existing ranch house on the property, and later to build the La Quinta Cultural Center which included a library, ballroom, art gallery, and swimming pool. Together, Simms and McCormick were one of the richest couples in New Mexico, and they used their fortune for several philanthropic endeavors. They founded Sandia School in 1932 and the Manzano Day School in 1938. McCormick was the second president of the Albuquerque Little Theatre.

paragraph: McCormick remained active in Republican Party politics. She became the first woman to serve as chairperson of a convention delegation when she chaired the New Mexico delegation at the 1936 Republican National Convention. In 1937, she sold her dairy farm in Illinois and purchased a 250,000–acre cattle and sheep ranch in Colorado. In June 1938, her son, John Medill, went missing while mountain climbing with a friend in the Sandia Mountains. His body was found in the mountains after several days of searching. Not long after the loss, McCormick fractured her hip, limiting her activities.

paragraph: Eight years after leaving office, McCormick announced her return to politics ahead of the 1940 presidential election. She once again threw herself into politics, co-managing Thomas Dewey's 1940 presidential campaign, becoming the first woman to take on such a role in a presidential campaign. While recovering from her fracture, McCormick had traveled to New York, where she convinced her cousin, "New York Daily News" editor Joseph Medill Patterson, to allow her to attend a dinner party where Dewey was a guest. McCormick and Dewey struck up a friendship, and she became an early and ardent supporter of his presidential campaign. With Dewey's loss in the primary, McCormick went on to support Republican presidential nominee Wendell Willkie.

paragraph: Following the Dewey campaign's loss and the conversion of the Sandia Preparatory School into a military hospital, McCormick spent most of her time in Colorado, where she focused on the operation of her ranch. She continued to offer political advice to Dewey and his team as he returned to his governorship and again sought the presidency in 1944.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: In October 1944, McCormick fell off a horse, resulting in a shoulder injury. Shortly after she was discharged from the hospital, McCormick was diagnosed with pancreatitis. Her pancreas ruptured on December 4 and she died on December 31, 1944, in Chicago. She was buried in Albuquerque. In McCormick's honor, the Albuquerque City and County Commissioners, Albuquerque National Bank, and Manzano Day School all closed for her funeral.

paragraph: After McCormick's death, Albert Simms donated over 12,000 acres of land to the Albuquerque Academy. In 1974, the school opened a fine-arts center named for Simms and McCormick. The Rockford Chamber of Commerce posthumously named McCormick to its Northern Illinois Business Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Women in the United States House of Representatives

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hasara, Karen. "McCormick unsung heroine in U.S. politics." "Illinois Issues". XIX. 7 (July 1993): 28.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miller, Kristie. "Ruth Hanna McCormick: A Life in Politics, 1880-1944". Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miller, Kristie. "Ruth Hanna McCormick and the Senatorial Election of 1930." "Illinois Historical Journal", 81 (Autumn 1988): 191-210.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Ruth Hanna McCormick

wikipedia_title: Ruth Hanna McCormick


text:
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Pitching coach
Mississippi Braves
Los Angeles Dodgers
Texas Rangers
Cleveland Indians
Mississippi Braves

categories: Texas Rangers players,Bakersfield Dodgers players,Waterbury Dodgers players,Cleveland Indians players,Daytona Beach Dodgers players,Albuquerque Dukes players,Pacific Coast League MVP award winners,Charleston Charlies players,Baseball players from Florida,San Antonio Dodgers players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Los Angeles Dodgers players,Minor league baseball coaches,1953 births,Chipola Indians baseball players,Living people,Wichita Aeros players

paragraph: Dennis Lewallyn

paragraph: Dennis Dale Lewallyn (born August 11, 1953) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball and current Pitching coach for the AA Mississippi Braves. He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Texas Rangers and Cleveland Indians from 1975-1982.

paragraph: Lewallyn was named as the pitching coach for the AA Mississippi Braves in the Braves organization for the 2018 season.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Dennis Lewallyn

wikipedia_title: Dennis Lewallyn


text:
KG
Constable of the Tower
Rempstone
Nottinghamshire
Knight of the Shire
Nottinghamshire
Sheriff of Nottinghamshire
Henry, Earl of Derby
Richard II
France
Boulogne
Ravenspur
Shakespeare
Richard II
abdication
treason
admiral of the fleet
Thames
Garter
King John
Duke of Orleans
privy council
parliament
Henry IV
Duke of Burgundy
Queenborough
Essex
Bingham
Thomas Rempston

categories: Members of the Privy Council of England,High Sheriffs of Nottinghamshire,English MPs 1393,English MPs 1381,Knights of the Garter,Year of birth unknown,English MPs January 1397,1406 deaths,High Sheriffs of Derbyshire,English MPs May 1382,English MPs 1395

paragraph: Thomas Rempston

paragraph: Sir Thomas Rempston (or Ramston) KG (died 1406),was Constable of the Tower and an MP.

paragraph: He was born the son of John Rempston at Rempstone, Nottinghamshire, where the family had long been settled.

paragraph: In 1381 he was Knight of the Shire for Nottinghamshire, which he also represented in the parliaments of 1382, 1393, and 1395 and served as Sheriff of Nottinghamshire for 1393. In 1398 he adopted the cause of Henry, Earl of Derby, who had been exiled by Richard II, and in the following year made his way to France to join the earl. He was one of the fifteen lances who embarked with Henry at Boulogne and landed at Ravenspur in July 1399. In Shakespeare's "Richard II" (act ii. scene i. 298) his name is given as Sir John Ramston, probably to suit the metre. On 7 Oct. he was appointed Constable of the Tower, and in this capacity had custody of Richard II; he was present at Richard's abdication, and was one of the witnesses to the form of resignation signed by the king.

paragraph: In February 1400 he was on a commission to inquire into treasons in London and the neighbourhood, and shortly after was appointed admiral of the fleet from the Thames eastwards; in August he was made a knight of the Garter, and about the same time steward of the king's household. In 1401 he was made admiral of the fleet from the Thames westwards, and was placed on a commission to deal with infractions of the truce with France, and to settle the question of the still unpaid ransom of the late King John. He was summoned to the great council held in that year. In December 1402 he was negotiating with the Duke of Orleans, and, after prolonged negotiations, concluded a treaty with the French at Lůllingen on 17 June 1403. In 1404-5 he was made a member of the privy council, and was recommended by parliament to Henry IV as one of those whose services merited special recognition; in the same year he was employed on a mission to the Duke of Burgundy. Early in 1406 he was captured by French pirates while crossing the Thames from Queenborough to Essex, but was soon released ; in the same year he was vice-chamberlain to the king. He was drowned in the Thames, close to the Tower, on 31 Oct. 1406.

paragraph: Rempston was the founder of his family's fortunes; he acquired extensive property in Nottinghamshire, including the manor of Bingham, which he made his seat. He married Margaret, daughter of Sir Simon Leeke, and widow of Sir Godfrey Foljambe; by her he had several children, including a notable son, Thomas Rempston.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Thomas Rempston

wikipedia_title: Thomas Rempston


text:
Paris
Paris
Charles Germain de Saint Aubin
Augustin de Saint-Aubin
Marie-François
Étienne Jeaurat
Hyacinthe Collin de Vermont
Prix de Rome
Académie des Beaux-Arts
Guild of Saint Luke
Hippolyte Destailleur

categories: French printmakers,French draughtsmen,1724 births,French male painters,1780 deaths,18th-century French painters

paragraph: Gabriel de Saint-Aubin

paragraph: Gabriel de Saint-Aubin, also Gabriel Jacques de Saint-Aubin, (Paris, 14 April 1724 - Paris, 14 February 1780) was a French draftsman, printmaker, etcher and painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His brothers Charles Germain de Saint Aubin and Augustin de Saint-Aubin were also artists, as was his niece, Marie-François, daughter of Charles. He was a student of Étienne Jeaurat and Hyacinthe Collin de Vermont. After three failures to win a Prix de Rome from 1752 to 1754, he left the Académie des Beaux-Arts and joined the Guild of Saint Luke.

paragraph: A distinctive aspect of Saint-Aubin's art is its inordinate fondness for observation of society on the streets of the capital, which he sketched scenes or entertainment in his wanderings. As such, his engravings etchings and large watercolors are a valuable record of the Parisian artistic life in the eighteenth century.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. and J. de Goncourt, The Art of the eighteenth century, the Saint-Aubin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalogue of rare and valuable books composing the library of Mr. Hippolyte Destailleur ... Paris: D. Morgand, 1891. 8 °, 448 p.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (see index, v.1).

alias:
Gabriel Jacques St. Aubin
Gabriel Jacques De Saint-Aubin
Gabriel Jacques de Saint-Aubin
Gabriel-Jacques de Saint-Aubin
Gabriel Jacques de Saint Aubin
Gabriel Jacques Saint-Aubin
Gabriel Jacques de Saint- Aubin
N. Saint-Aubin
Gab. de Saint-Aubin
Saint-Aubin
G. de Saint-Aubin
Gabriel de S. Aubin

wikidata_label: Gabriel de Saint-Aubin

wikipedia_title: Gabriel de Saint-Aubin


text:
American football
tight end
New England Patriots
undrafted free agent
college football
Nevada
Modesto Christian High School
Modesto, California
Nate
Philadelphia Eagles
New England Patriots
New England Patriots
Rob Gronkowski
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
two-point conversion
Tom Brady
Ryan Mallett
New York Jets
anterior cruciate ligament injury
Nate
Philadelphia Eagles
Nevada Wolf Pack bio
New York Jets bio

categories: Sportspeople from Santa Cruz, California,American football tight ends,1989 births,Nevada Wolf Pack football players,New England Patriots players,Living people

paragraph: Zach Sudfeld

paragraph: Zachary Jonathan Pagett Sudfeld (born April 17, 1989) is a former American football tight end. He was signed by the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He played college football at Nevada.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Sudfeld attended Modesto Christian High School in Modesto, California. Sudfeld was named to the first-team all-state as a tight end. He also earned the first-team all-district and all-league honors in high school. His younger brother, Nate, is a quarterback for the Philadelphia Eagles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New England Patriots.

paragraph: On May 3, 2013, Sudfeld signed with the New England Patriots. Sudfeld's size and catching ability led at least one Patriots reporter to call Sudfeld a "baby Gronk," referring to New England Patriots tight end Rob Gronkowski. During the Patriots' second preseason game, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Sudfeld scored on a two-point conversion from Tom Brady and on a 22-yard touchdown from Ryan Mallett. On October 3, 2013, Sudfeld was released from the Patriots, after lackluster performances, where Sudfeld made no receptions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Jets.

paragraph: Sudfeld was claimed off waivers by the New York Jets on October 4, 2013. He caught 5 passes for 63 yards on the season. Sudfeld suffered a anterior cruciate ligament injury in minicamp and was waived on June 15, 2015. He cleared waivers a day later and was placed on the injured reserve list. On September 3, 2016, Sudfeld was released by the Jets as part of final roster cuts.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Sudfeld has a twin brother named Matt, who is director of strategic development of a humanitarian organization that was started by his grandparents. He also has a brother named Nate, who is a quarterback for the Philadelphia Eagles.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nevada Wolf Pack bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Jets bio

description: American football tight end

wikidata_label: Zach Sudfeld

wikipedia_title: Zach Sudfeld


text:
Major League Baseball
pitcher
Washington Senators

categories: Major League Baseball pitchers,1967 deaths,1899 births,Baseball players from Texas

paragraph: Slim McGrew

paragraph: Walter Howard "Slim" McGrew (August 5, 1899 – August 21, 1967) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Washington Senators from to .

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Slim McGrew

wikipedia_title: Slim McGrew


text:
Count Palatine
Holy Roman Empire
Milan
San Simpliciano
Sestiere
Duke of Milan
Milan
Piacenza
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Bologna
Estorre Visconti
Filippo Maria Visconti
Monza
Francesco Bussone
Treviso
Venetian Republic
Duke of Milan
Aliprandi

categories: 14th-century births,1426 deaths,People from Milan

paragraph: Giovanni Aliprandi

paragraph: Giovanni Aliprandi (1426) was an Italian nobleman. He was Count Palatine and captain (immediate vassal) of the Holy Roman Empire and lived in Milan, in the parish of San Simpliciano.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He entered public life in 1386, when he was elected Council Settler for Sestiere Comacina in Milan. A few years later the Duke of Milan wanted him among his advisers. He had also political and military roles outside Milan.

paragraph: In 1403 the City of Piacenza asked him to support before the Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti the request to set up four teams for the defense of the city, in order to end the power of the Anguissola family.

paragraph: In 1412, he was appointed Mayor and Captain of the Army of Bologna. When, in the same year, Estorre Visconti was proclaimed Lord of Milan, Giovanni Aliprandi returned home. After Filippo Maria Visconti occupied with troops the city of Milan, Estorre Visconti, his sister Valentina and her husband Giovanni Aliprandi fled to Monza with their allies. Here the resistance was tenacious until Estorre Visconti died and, because of severe food shortage, Valentina Visconti agreed to surrender with honor in the hands of Captain who ran the siege, Francesco Bussone, called "Count of Carmagnola".

paragraph: Nothing is known about Giovanni Aliprandi and his wife and children, for over ten years afterwards. In 1425 they were in Treviso.

paragraph: There lived also the Count of Carmagnola, who had stopped serving the Duke of Milan and was offering his services to the Venetian Republic.

paragraph: Documents that came to light in 1800, after the end of the Republic of Venice, and those of the "Visconti Archive", show that Giovanni Aliprandi conspired to kill the Count of Carmagnola, in hope to convince the Duke of Milan (his cousin) to remove the ban which had affected his family. The conspiracy was revealed, he was arrested and beheaded in 1426.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aliprandi

description: Italian nobleman

wikidata_label: Giovanni Aliprandi

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Aliprandi


text:
John Constable
Camille Corot
Jersey City, New Jersey
E. Irving Couse
Pittston, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
California
Connecticut
Walker Gallery
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Brooklyn Museum
World War II
Yale University
Josef Albers
Bauhaus
Maryland
Grace Hartigan
Norman Carlberg
Peter Milton
Maryland Institute College of Art
Eugene Leake at C. Grimaldis Gallery
Eugene Leake on Artnet

categories: 21st-century American painters,Johns Hopkins University,20th-century American painters,Artists from Baltimore,American landscape painters,2005 deaths,American male painters,1911 births,Maryland Institute College of Art faculty

paragraph: Eugene Leake

paragraph: Eugene "Bud" Leake pronounced "Leaky" (31 August 1911 – 21 January 2005) was a landscape painter and president of the Maryland Institute College of Art. His work was characterized by a consistent commitment to the depiction of the landscape, not following ever-changing trends of contemporary art in the 20th century. In an October 2000 Baltimore Sun article Glenn McNatt wrote that, "For the past quarter century, Leake has been recording that landscape in all its moods and seasons, from riotous sun-drenched spring mornings to the magical glow of autumnal sunsets. His paintings are imbued with an unmistakable sense of place that only one who has lived in and loved the surrounding landscape can create."

paragraph: "Leake belongs to the long tradition of American artists who have had often-rapturous love affairs with nature. His work are heirs to the spirit of the oil sketches of English master John Constable (1776-1837) and the early works of French landscape artist Camille Corot (1796-1875), both of whom insisted that painting must be based on observable facts and reflect the truth of the moment."

paragraph: In a 1993 ARTnews article Tom Weisser wrote: "Leake's great strength is his ability to capture the essence of things with economy and easy grace. Light, space, and climate materialize in his pictures from what seems to be an absolute minimum of brushwork. His paint has a soft, buttery quality. Yet the viewer can almost feel the flat, hard cold of Leake's gray winter mornings, the snap of his autumn afternoons, and the electricity in his gathering summer skies."

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Eugene Leake was born in Jersey City, New Jersey on August 31, 1911. Growing up he was surrounding by paintings belonging to his grandfather. The collection included, American painters, Ralph Blakelock, J. Francis Murphy, and E. Irving Couse.

paragraph: As a teenage student at the Hill School in Pittston, Pennsylvania Leake requested an art class so frequently that the school hired an instructor from Philadelphia to teach him once a week. Leake explains, "'Here was an artist who rode the train up from Philadelphia every Saturday morning to teach me and one other boy - two students out of 450,' says Leake, his voice still tinged with disbelief.'"

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: In 1930 Leake briefly attended the Yale School of Fine Arts but soon dropped out having found "... its Beaux Arts orientation tedious and uninspiring." Next, he left Connecticut and traveled south.

paragraph: At twenty-two, Leake traveled through the southwest and California before returning to Connecticut. Back in New England, Leake built a studio and made a living painting commissioned portraits and teaching art classes. In 1937 he joined the Art Students League in New York and began showing his paintings at galleries in the area. He had his first one-man show at the Walker Gallery in 1937 after which he was invited to participate in national group shows at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago and the Brooklyn Museum.

paragraph: During World War II, Leake first took a job at a defense plant, then later joined the Navy, where he continued to paint watercolors during his off hours. After the war Leake became the director of The Art Center in Louisville, Kentucky and held the position for a decade. Then, at age 48, decided to finish his degree at Yale School of Art and Architecture. The artist subsequently earned his BFA in 1960 and his MFA in 1962.

paragraph: When Eugene Leake attended Yale University, Josef Albers had recently retired from the chair of the School of Art but continued to be a presence on campus. Leake described an experience with the Bauhaus master: "Albers came to my studio one day. I was painting semi-abstract landscapes, horizontal bands of color. He said to me, 'I've heard about you. You are de old Prix de Rome - type painter. Mit underpainting und all dot garbage?' I said, 'Yeah, I learned all that.' And Albers looked at my painting and said, 'Vot you doing here? Dis is about color! It's a metamorphosis!'"

paragraph: Section::::Maryland Institute College of Art.

paragraph: In June 1961 Eugene Leake moved to Maryland after graduating from Yale to "take on the task of reviving the nearly moribund Maryland Institute," as its new President. "He recruited the best artists he could find as teachers, among them the painters Grace Hartigan and Raoul Middleman, sculptors Norman Carlberg and Stephanie Scuris, and painter-printmaker Peter Milton."

paragraph: "Leake has found success and recognition not only as an artist but as one of the finest teachers and arts administrators of the recent past. He was for 13 years president of the Maryland Institute College of Art, an institution he almost single-handedly remade from a cobwebbed, struggling vocational training academy into one of the most respected art schools in the nation."

paragraph: Despite his demanding schedule at the Maryland Institute College of Art, the painter never stopped painting and developing. In 1974 Leake retired from his role as president of the Maryland Institute College of Art

paragraph: In 2013 a new residence hall will open named Leake Hall after him.

paragraph: Section::::Mid to late career.

paragraph: "When he retired from the Institute in 1974, he was 63 and [the school's] renaissance was assumed to be his life's magnum opus. But he retired to the rural Maryland countryside north of Baltimore, where he took up the solitary life of a creative artist and [continued as] a successful and respected landscape painter."  He continued to work until his death in 2005.

paragraph: In the autumn of 1974 Eugene Leake became the first Johns Hopkins University artist-in-residence. He "founded the program as an informal opportunity for Hopkins students, regardless of experience, to learn the fundamentals of drawing and painting -- to learn to see."

paragraph: In "The Baltimore Sun" art critic Glenn McNatt described Leake's work and legacy: "Leake's brushstroke was like the man himself: precise, energetic, joyous, and ever attuned to the mysterious universal vibration through which paint is transformed into a living thing. Though his art looked exceedingly simple, it was also miraculous, and for this he was, and will be forever, beloved by generations of Marylanders."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugene Leake at C. Grimaldis Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugene Leake on Artnet

alias:
Eugene W. Leake
Bud Leake

description: American painter

wikidata_label: Eugene Leake

wikipedia_title: Eugene Leake


text: secret agent

text: Okhrana

text: secret police

text: Russian Empire

text: agent provocateur

text: Paris

text: Jewish

text: baptised

text: Actual State Councilor

text: nobility

text: Pinsk

text: Belarus

text: Saint Petersburg

text: Narodnaya Volya

text: Vladimir Burtsev

text: Riga

text: Switzerland

text: ETH Zürich

text: Paris

text: Peter Rachkovsky

text: France

text: Russian Emperor Alexander III

text: Sûreté

text: France

text: Franco-Russian Alliance

text: Belgium

text: Berlin

text: Yakov Zhitomirsky

text: Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

text: Bolshevik

text: Vladimir Lenin

text: Kamo

text: 1907 Tiflis bank robbery

text: Russo-Japanese War

text: Interior Minister

text: Vyacheslav von Plehve

text: French Parliament

text: Jean Jaurès

text: Georges Clemenceau

text: Actual State Councilor

text: World War I

text: counter-intelligence

categories: Date of death missing,1861 births,Espionage in Russia

paragraph: Arcadiy Harting

paragraph: Arкadiy Mikhailovich Harting (; 29 October 1861 – ?) was a secret agent and officer of the Okhrana, the secret police of the Russian Empire. During his career spanning from 1879 to 1909, he served as a police informer, agent provocateur, officer and the Head of Okhrana foreign service based in Paris. Born to a Jewish family, he was later baptised and at the end of his career was awarded the rank of Actual State Councilor, which gave him the rights of nobility.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Arкadiy Harting was born Aharon Hackelman () 29 October 1861 in Pinsk (now Belarus), to a Jewish family. In 1879 he became a student in Saint Petersburg.

paragraph: Section::::Police Informer in Russia.

paragraph: In Saint Petersburg Hackelman joined the underground cell of a revolutionary terrorist organisation Narodnaya Volya and befriended many revolutionaries, including Vladimir Burtsev, future counter-intelligence champion of the Russian revolutionaries. At about the same time, Hackelman was recruited by Okhrana to spy on activities of fellow revolutionaries. Information obtained from him led to a number of arrests, and some fellow revolutionaries became suspicious. According to the archive of the Paris Okhrana., he was defended by Burtsev, but Burtsev claims that he was prevented from raising his suspicions about Hackelman by other high-level revolutionaries.

paragraph: Hackelman then moved to Riga where he continued to spy on members of Narodnaya Volya, leading to further arrests. When suspicions about his involvement with Okhrana intensified, he fled abroad.

paragraph: Section::::Agent of Paris Okhrana.

paragraph: Hackelman then settled in Switzerland and enrolled in ETH Zürich under an assumed name Landesen. Under this name he resumed his contacts with Russian revolutionaries who were preparing bombs to be sent to Russia. In 1885, he was recruited by Paris Okhrana, Okhrana's foregin service based in Paris under its first head Peter Rachkovsky. Landesen first spied on revolutionaries in Switzerland despite persistent suspicions of cooperation with the police. In 1890 he moved to Paris and continued to spy on Russian revolutionaries based in France. The most high profile operation of Landesen in Paris was an elaborate provocation to expose a number of revolutionary terrorists. He facilitated and financed a fake conspiracy of a number of revolutionaries to assassinate Russian Emperor Alexander III. To this end, a number of bombs were prepared and distributed among the conspirators. Rachkovsky then tipped off the Sûreté, the French secret police, and conspirators were arrested, but Landesen escaped. In a widely publicised trial of 1890, the conspirators were sentenced to prison terms or expelled from France. Landesen, considered the ring leader, was sentenced in absentia to five years in prison. This operation served not only the primary task of neutralising the radical revolutionaries, but also to show to the Russian government that France was no longer soft on subversives. This facilitated the Franco-Russian Alliance, which was Rachkovsky's major of diplomatic goal.

paragraph: Section::::Belgium and Germany.

paragraph: Hackelman then fled to Belgium, where he assumed a new name, Arkadiy Harting. Rachkovsky assigned Harting to a number of missions concerned with security of visiting Russian dignitaries. For these assignments, he was decorated by Honours from Russia and a number of host countries. In 1892–1893 he was baptised and assumed the name Arkadiy Mikhailovich. In 1896 he officially changed his surname to Harding (Гартинг). He then married a Belgian Magdalena Pirlot. In 1900, he was appointed head of Okhrana Berlin station, which initially operated as a branch of the Paris Okhrana under Rachkovsky, but more independently after 1902, when Rachkovsky was replaced by a new chief, Leonid Rataev. In Berlin Harting organised a surveillance and penetration network similar to that operated by Rachkovsky in Paris. One of his agents was Yakov Zhitomirsky, who provided valuable information on the activities of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and its Bolshevik faction, including the inner circle of Russia's future communist leader, Vladimir Lenin. Zhitormirsky's information led to the arrest of Kamo by the German Police for his role in the 1907 Tiflis bank robbery. In 1904, during Russo-Japanese War, Harting was sent on an assignment not directly related to revolutionary activities. He was to organise a surveillance of possible Japanese spies in the Baltic, in order to prevent disruptions to the navigation of Russian fleet to the Pacific.

paragraph: Section::::Chief of Paris Okhrana.

paragraph: After the assassination of Interior Minister Vyacheslav von Plehve and the escalation of revolutionary activity in 1905, Rachkovsky was brought back into Okhrana as a deputy head of the Police Department, and soon after arranged to have Rataev replaced with Harting as chief of Paris Okhrana. Under Harting, Paris Okhrana reached the peak of its activity. Harting's operations were particularly effective against arms smuggling into Russia by revolutionary groups. Harting coordinated surveillance and penetration of these groups throughout Europe, and introduced the filing system with information about all persons mentioned in intelligence and operational reports. He coordinated a network of about 40 penetration agents and about 20 external surveillance agents.

paragraph: Section::::Exposure.

paragraph: In 1909 a former Okhrana officer Leonid Menshchikov, who defected to revolutionaries, identified Harting as a former Okrana agent Hackelman and as Landesen, the organiser of the provocation for which he had been sentenced to a prison term by a French court. When Burtsev published this information, Harting was dismissed from his Okrana post and fled to Belgium. The revelation caused a scandal in French Parliament, when Socialist deputy Jean Jaurès attacked the French government for hosting foreign police service on French soil. In response, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau promised that this would not be allowed to continue. Although in reality Paris Okhrana continued operate under a new chief, Alexandr Krasilnikov, it never reached the level of activity achieved under Harting.

paragraph: In 1913 Harting was awarded the rank of Actual State Councilor, which gave him the rights of hereditary nobility. During World War I Harting was involved in counter-intelligence work in France and Belgium. His further whereabouts are unknown.

alias:
Abraham Moyshevich Hackelman
Arkady Mikhaïlovich Harting
Abraham Landesen

description: Russian Empire spy in the Okhrana

wikidata_label: Abraham Moyshevich Hekkelman

wikipedia_title: Arcadiy Harting


text:
Harlem Hospital
Evanston, Illinois
Charles Alston
Augusta Savage
Arthur Schomburg
Harlem Artists Guild
WPA art programs
Chicago
Downtown Gallery
Edith Halpert
Fiorello La Guardia
Archibald MacLeish
A. Philip Randolph
Eleanor Roosevelt
New York
Camille Billops
Emory University
"Toy Parade" by Elba Lightfoot

categories: Federal Art Project artists,American women painters,African-American artists,Possibly living people,American muralists,1910 births,Artists from New York City,Women muralists,Harlem Renaissance,People from Harlem

paragraph: Elba Lightfoot

paragraph: Elba Lightfoot (born 1910) was an African-American artist known for her work on the WPA murals at Harlem Hospital.

paragraph: She was born in Evanston, Illinois. In 1935, together with Charles Alston, Augusta Savage (who had experienced discrimination in her artistic career), others artists and bibliophile Arthur Schomburg, Lightfoot founded the Harlem Artists Guild to work towards equality in WPA art programs in New York. She was among the artists who took part in the "Exhibition of the Art of the American Negro (1851-1940)" (July 4–September 2, 1940), connected with the American Negro Exposition, at the Tanner Art Galleries in Chicago. She also featured in "American Negro Art, 19th and 20th Centuries" (December 9, 1941 – January 3, 1942) at New York's Downtown Gallery, the first exhibition of African-American art to have been held at a mainstream commercial gallery; curated by Edith Halpert,owner of the gallery, the exhibition counted among its sponsored such prominent white patrons as Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, Archibald MacLeish, A. Philip Randolph, and Eleanor Roosevelt.

paragraph: Elba Lightfoot appears in a group photograph of the artists of the WPA Art Center at 306 W. 141st St., New York.

paragraph: A 1988 oral history interview of Elba Lightfoot is in the Camille Billops and James V. Hatch Archives at Emory University.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toy Parade" by Elba Lightfoot

description: African-American painter

wikidata_label: Elba Lightfoot

wikipedia_title: Elba Lightfoot


text:
Varteig
Østfold
Haakon III of Norway
Haakon IV of Norway
Varteig
Østfold
Sarpsborg
Bagler
Birkebeiner
Guttorm Sigurdsson
Inge Bardsson
Birkebeiner
Lillehammer
cross-country skiing
Østerdalen
Trøndelag
King Inge
trial by ordeal
succession
Bergen
Birkebeinerrennet
Civil war era in Norway
Saga of Haakon Haakonarson
Helle, Knut
Koht, Halvdan

categories: Mistresses of Norwegian royalty,House of Sverre,13th-century Norwegian people,Fairhair dynasty,1185 births,13th-century Norwegian women,1234 deaths

paragraph: Inga of Varteig

paragraph: Inga Olafsdatter of Varteig ("Inga Olafsdatter fra Varteig") (Varteig, Østfold, 1183 or 1185 – 1234 or 1235) was the mistress of King Haakon III of Norway and the mother of King Haakon IV of Norway.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Inga, from Varteig in Østfold, maintained a relationship with King Haakon III who visited nearby in Borg (now Sarpsborg) during late 1203. King Haakon subsequently died in early 1204. His reign had been marked by competition between the Bagler and Birkebeiner factions for control of Norway during a period of civil war. King Haakon was succeeded as King of Norway, first by his grandson Guttorm Sigurdsson and later by the appointment of Inge Bardsson.

paragraph: Shortly after the death of King Haakon, Inga gave birth to a son whom she claimed was the child of the recently deceased king. Inga's claim was supported by several of King Haakon's Birkebeiner followers. However, her claim placed both her and her son in a dangerous position. Consequently, a group of Birkebeiner loyalists fled with Inga and her son from Lillehammer in eastern Norway over the mountains during the mid-winter 1205-06. The cross-country skiing trip continued north through Østerdalen to Trøndelag, where they came under the protection of King Inge.

paragraph: After King Inge died in April 1217, Inga successfully performed a trial by ordeal to prove her son's right of succession. Her son Haakon succeeded to the Norwegian throne at the age of 13. Reportedly Inga became seriously ill and died before Christmas in Bergen during 1234.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birkebeinerrennet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Civil war era in Norway

paragraph: Section::::Primary Source.

paragraph: The primary source of information regarding Inga of Varteig is from the Saga of Haakon Haakonarson which was written following the death of King Haakon IV.

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jakobsson, Ármann (2005) "Royal Biography, in A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture" (Blackwell)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thuesen, Nils Petter (1991) "Norges dronninger gjennom tusen år" (Oslo: Tiden Norsk Forlag)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tordarson, Sturla (2008) "Håkon Håkonssons saga" (Thorleif Dahls Kulturbibliotek)

paragraph: Section::::Related Reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helle, Knut (1995) "Under kirke og kongemakt: 1130-1350" (Aschehougs Norgeshistorie)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Koht, Halvdan (1926) "Norske dronningar. Særprent frå Syn og Segn" (Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget)

description: Mother of King Haakon IV of Norway

wikidata_label: Inga of Varteig

wikipedia_title: Inga of Varteig


text:
Brigadier General
physical chemist
British Overseas Airways Corporation
Harold T. Hartley
Dulwich College
Balliol College, Oxford
Edmund Bowen
Cyril Hinshelwood
First World War
Military Cross
Order of the British Empire
1918 Birthday Honours
Physical Chemistry
University of Oxford
Companion of Honour
Fellow of the Royal Society
British Association
Hoover Medal
Arthur Lionel Smith
Master
Balliol-Trinity Laboratories
LMS Scientific Research Laboratory
Biography

categories: People from London,Recipients of the Military Cross,1878 births,English physical chemists,People educated at Dulwich College,Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour,Fellows of the Royal Society,Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford,Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford,British military personnel of World War I,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order,1972 deaths

paragraph: Harold B. Hartley

paragraph: Brigadier General Sir Harold Brewer Hartley (3 September 1878 – 9 September 1972) was a British physical chemist. He moved from academia to important positions in business and industry, including serving as Chairman of the British Overseas Airways Corporation.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was the only child of the collector and bibliophile Harold T. Hartley (1851–1943). His mother died in 1884 when he was a young child and his father later remarried. The future academic was educated at Dulwich College, and Balliol College, Oxford. As a tutor at Balliol, he supervised the research of Edmund Bowen and Cyril Hinshelwood.

paragraph: Section::::First World War.

paragraph: Hartley served in the First World War and was awarded the Military Cross.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1918 Birthday Honours. He was Bedford Lecturer in Physical Chemistry, at Balliol College, University of Oxford.

paragraph: He was knighted in 1928, made KCVO in 1944, GCVO in 1957 and Companion of Honour in 1967.

paragraph: He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1926. His candidacy citation read:

paragraph: He gave the address "Man's Use of Energy" as president of the British Association for 1949–1950. He received the Hoover Medal in 1968.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Hartley was married in 1906 to Gertrude, eldest daughter of Arthur Lionel Smith, who was later Master of Balliol College. They had one son and one daughter.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Balliol-Trinity Laboratories

paragraph: BULLET::::- LMS Scientific Research Laboratory

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

description: physical chemist

wikidata_label: Harold Hartley

wikipedia_title: Harold B. Hartley


text: Cistercian

text: acrostic

text: Le Pèlerinage de l'Âme

text: William of Chaalis

text: abbey of Chaalis

text: diocese of Senlis

text: The Pilgrimage of the Soul

text: John Lydgate

text: Thomas Hoccleve

text: William Caxton

text: Geoffrey Chaucer

text: alphabetical poem

text: acrostic

text: stanza

text: Second Chaucer edition

text: Thomas Speght

text: Blanche, duchess of Lancaster

text: King Henry IV

text: The Book of the Duchess

text: Roxburghe Club

categories: 13th-century French writers,French Cistercians,14th-century French writers

paragraph: Guillaume de Deguileville

paragraph: Guillaume de Deguileville (1295 - before 1358) was a French Cistercian and writer. His authorship is shown by one acrostic in "Le Pèlerinage de la Vie Humaine", two in "Le Pèlerinage de l'Âme", and one in "Le Pèlerinage de Jhesucrist". These acrostics take the form of a series of stanzas, each beginning with a letter of Deguileville's name. According to indications in the "Vie"

paragraph: his father was called Thomas, he was named after his godfather, and his patron saint was William of Chaalis. There is no evidence that his name is connected with a village of Guileville.

paragraph: Section::::Life and writings.

paragraph: Guillaume entered the Cistercian abbey of Chaalis in 1316, at the age of twenty-one. This is in agreement with his assertion in the second redaction of the "Vie", where he states that he has been in the abbey for thirty-nine years. The abbey of Chaalis—or what is left of it, for it is no more than a ruin nowadays—is in the diocese of Senlis, north of Paris, and was founded in the twelfth century. A manuscript of a French prose rendering of the "Âme" states that Guillaume eventually became prior of Chaalis, but it is not known whether this is true or, if so, when this happened.

paragraph: According to the second redaction of the "Vie", Guillaume was thirty-six years old when he wrote his first redaction in 1330, so he must have been born ca. 1294. The "Âme" was written immediately after the second redaction of the "Vie" (1355), and in it he states that he was over 60 years old when writing the "Âme". He also refers to a passage in the "Vie" which only occurs in the second redaction of the poem, which is another indication that he wrote the "Âme" after 1355. Guillaume wrote this second redaction of the "Vie", he states in its prologue, because the first redaction had been stolen. This does not mean that this first redaction was lost to posterity, for, according to Clubb in the introduction of his edition of Egerton 615, J. J. Stürzinger based his edition of "Vie" on it.

paragraph: We can date Deguileville’s poems as follows: The first version of the "Vie" was written between

paragraph: 1330 and 1332; the second version of it around 1355; the "Âme" between 1355 and 1358; and Jhesucrist about 1358. Some seventy-three manuscripts of Guillaume’s works, including forty-six of the "Âme", are extant in various libraries in Europe. The only edition of Guillaume’s three poems is that of Stürzinger, who based his edition of the "Vie" on the first redaction. The second redaction has never been edited.

paragraph: Although the surviving manuscripts of the "Pèlerinage" trilogy render the author's name as "Guillaume de Deguileville", a number of other variants can be found in both medieval and modern sources. One alternative spelling is Guillaume de Deguilleville. Modernized form Guillaume de Digulleville is also used. A different interpretation of the surname gives Guillaume de Guileville or Guillaume de Guilleville. The Latin version of the name is Guillermus de Deguilevilla.

paragraph: Section::::English translations.

paragraph: It was not until the 15th century that the first two parts of the "Pèlerinage" trilogy, "Pèlerinage de la Vie Humaine" and "Pèlerinage de l'Âme", appeared in English. "The Pilgrimage of the Soul", anonymous but sometimes attributed to John Lydgate or Thomas Hoccleve, is known at least 10 complete and 3 partial manuscripts. The date for the translation is omitted in some manuscripts, and given as either 1400 or 1413 in others, one specifically saying it "endeth in the vigyle of Seynt Bartholomew", that is, August 24. This last quote, with 1413 dating, is also repeated in the first printed edition published by William Caxton in 1483.

paragraph: However, a considerably older English version of one fragment is known. Geoffrey Chaucer's poem "ABC" is in fact a translation of a prayer to Virgin Mary from "Pèlerinage de la Vie Humaine". The form of the translation, closely modelled on that of the French original, is a particular type of an alphabetical poem. Both acrostics are composed of 23 stanzas, 12-lines-long in Guillaume's case and 8-lines-long in Chaucer's, each stanza beginning with letters from A to Z in order (J, U, and W excluded). While its precise date is not known, it is certainly a 14th-century work, pre-dating Chaucer's death in 1400; it may even be one of his earliest works, although this can not be proved conclusively. The main evidence comes from the Second Chaucer edition published by Thomas Speght in 1602. According to Speght, the poem was written, "some say", by the order of Blanche, duchess of Lancaster, the mother of King Henry IV. If this story is indeed a record of a genuine medieval tradition, the poem would have been written in 1368 at the latest, as Blanche died that year. This would make "ABC" Chaucer's earliest work, preceding "The Book of the Duchess", an elegy commemorating Blanche's death.

paragraph: Section::::Edition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stürzinger, Jakob J. (ed.) "Le pèlerinage de la vie humaine"; edited by J. J. Stürzinger. London: Printed for the Roxburghe Club [by] Nichols & Sons. "The following Pelerinage de vie humaine is the first recension of the first Pilgrimage as written by the author in the years 1330 to 1332. The text is printed from MS. t, a fourteenth-century manuscript preserved in the Bibliothèque nationale at Paris, marked: Fonds franc. no. 1818, which offered the best text, and is in a spelling that differs but slightly from that of the author"—P. [v].

paragraph: BULLET::::- The first two books of the trilogy have been translated into modern English, with introduction and commentary, by Eugene S. Clasby: "The Pilgrimage of Human Life" (Garland Library of Medieval Literature, 1992) and "The Pilgrimage of the Soul" (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2016).

paragraph: Section::::ABC.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dor, Juliette, 'L'ABC de Chaucer: traduction et transformation'; in Frédéric Duval and Fabienne Pomel, eds, "Guillaume de Diguleville. Les Pèlerinages allégoriques"(Presses universitaires de Rennes, colloque de Cerisy, 2008, pp. 401-413).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A text edition of "The Pylgremage of the Sowle".

paragraph: BULLET::::- MS 241/2 Le pèlerinage de la vie humaine at OPenn

description: French writer

wikidata_label: Guillaume de Deguileville

wikipedia_title: Guillaume de Deguileville


text: Basque

text: King of Viguera

text: García Sánchez I of Pamplona

text: León

text: Sancho II of Pamplona

text: Viguera

text: Battle of Estercuel

text: Battle of Torrevicente

text: García Fernández of Castile

text: Almanzur

text: Galib

text: Sancho

text: García

categories: Kings of Viguera,981 deaths,10th-century monarchs in Europe,House of Jiménez

paragraph: Ramiro Garcés of Viguera

paragraph: Ramiro Garcés (Basque: "Ramiro Gartzia"; died 9 July 981) was the first King of Viguera, since the establishment of the kingdom in 970 until his death in 981. He was the eldest son of García Sánchez I of Pamplona with his second wife, Teresa of León. It is suggested that while Teresa pushed for the disinheritance of García's eldest son Sancho II of Pamplona in favour of Ramiro, García compromised and willed the region of Viguera to Ramiro with the title of king.

paragraph: Ramiro was a "subregulus" and vassal of his brother. In 975 he tried to raid neighbouring Muslim territory, but was defeated in the Battle of Estercuel on 6 July.

paragraph: The precise date of his death is not recorded. A surviving document dated 981 reports that he had already died. Arabic sources report that he died in the Battle of Torrevicente in 981, where he and García Fernández of Castile fought Almanzur in support of Cordoban rebel Galib. He had two known children, Sancho and García, who succeeded him in turn.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bishko, Charles Julian. "Salvus of Albelda and Frontier Monasticism in Tenth-Century Navarre." "Speculum", Vol. 23, No. 4. (October 1948), pp 559–590.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cañada Juste, Alberto. "Un milenario navarro: Ramiro Garcés, rey de Viguera", "Príncipe de Viana" 42 (1982), pp. 21–37.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ubieto Arteta, Antonio. "Monarcas navarros olvidados: los reyes de Viguera", "Hispania" X (1950), pp. 8–25.

wikidata_label: Ramiro Garcés of Viguera

wikipedia_title: Ramiro Garcés of Viguera


href: tribal Odisha India Odia%20people Odisha Koraput Jeypore Madras UK%20government torture Naupuri Gandhi Charkha%20%28spinning%20wheel%29 Mathili capital%20punishment Berhampur

text:
tribal
Odisha
India
Odia
Odisha
Koraput
Jeypore
Madras
British Government
torture
Naupuri
Gandhi
charkha
Mathili
death sentence
Berhampur

categories: People from Koraput district,Indian civil rights activists,1899 births,1943 deaths,Nonviolence advocates,People of British India,Gandhians,Indian tax resisters

paragraph: Laxman Nayak

paragraph: Laxman Nayak or Laxman Naik (22 November 1899 – 29 March 1943) was a tribal

paragraph: civil rights activist of South Odisha in eastern India. He belonged to Bhuyan tribe of Odisha.

paragraph: Nayak, an Odia folk-hero of Koraput of southernmost part of Odisha and a cult-figure among its tribals, was born in Tentuliguma village of the Koraput district and his father Padlam Nayak was a tribal chief and 'Mustadaar' under 'Jeypore Samasthanam' in the then Madras Presidency.

paragraph: The local administration worked as a subsidiary of the British Government. The tribals under their administration were treated badly by revenue officials, forest guides and police constables, and were subjected to torture. Nayak organised the rebels successfully against exploitation by the officials of Jeypore Samasthanam. This brought him recognition as a potential tribal leader and the National Congress admitted Nayak into its fold. During the course of his training in Naupuri training centre for Congress workers, Nayak had the opportunity to meet and interact with several Zonal and State level leaders which enabled him to broaden his horizons. His training inculcated in him a spirit for Nationalism and indoctrinated him with the Gandhian principles of truth, nonviolence and peaceful non-cooperation with the British Government. He carried a charkha, with the message of adult education and abstinence from alcohol to every tribal household of his area and brought about a total change in the rural scenario. He became the of mission in the Congress campaign in the Koraput Sub-division during the first ever election in 1936.

paragraph: Responding to the call of Mahatma Gandhi, Nayak led a procession on 21 August 1942 and demonstrated peacefully in front of Mathili Police Station. The police however fired at the demonstrators indiscriminately, which killed forty and injured more than two hundred people. The administration implicated Nayak in a case of murder and the death sentence was pronounced on him on 13 November 1942. He was hanged on 29 March 1943 in Berhampur Jail.

description: Indian civil rights activist

wikidata_label: Laxman Nayak

wikipedia_title: Laxman Nayak