text: King Zog I of the Albanians

text: Countess

text: Géraldine Apponyi de Nagyappony

text: Crown Prince

text: Albanian throne

text: Albanian

text: King Zog I of the Albanians

text: Italian invasion of Albania

text: Albania

text: Victor Emmanuel III of Italy

text: King of Italy

text: Europe

text: Royal Family

text: England

text: Ritz Hotel

text: London

text: South Ascot

text: Ascot

text: Berkshire

text: Parmoor

text: Frieth

text: Buckinghamshire

text: Egypt

text: King Farouk I

text: Albania

text: Skanderbeg

text: Turks

text: Aiglon College

text: Villars-sur-Ollon

text: Switzerland

text: Sorbonne

text: Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst

text: British Army

text: heir apparent

text: King of the Albanians

text: function room

text: Hotel Bristol

text: Paris

text: Australian

text: Susan Cullen-Ward

text: Biarritz

text: civil ceremony

text: Hôtel de Ville

text: Biarritz

text: Madrid

text: King Juan Carlos

text: Albanians

text: Thai

text: arms

text: Spanish Government

text: Gabon

text: Albanian government

text: bazooka

text: Rhodesia

text: Robert Mugabe

text: Johannesburg

text: diplomatic status

text: South African Government

text: Bryanston, South Africa

text: Prince

text: Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe

text: Tirana

text: passport

text: Royal Court-in-exile

text: 1997 rebellion in Albania

text: referendum

text: monarchy

text: sedition

text: Party of Right and Legality (PLL)

text: coalition

text: Mother Teresa Hospital

text: House of Zogu

text: Royal Order of Albania

text: House of Zogu

text: Royal Order of Fidelity, Special Class

text: House of Zogu

text: Royal Order of Skanderbeg, Grand Star

text: House of Zogu

text: Royal Order of Bravery

text: Italian Royal Family

text: Russian Imperial Family

text: Imperial Order of Saint Vladimir

text: Georgian Royal Family

text: Royal Order of the Eagle of Georgia

text: Court of King Zog Research Society

text: Maison Royale d'Albanie

text: Leka in military uniform with his wife

categories: Crown princes,Albanian anti-fascists,Recipients of the Order of Skanderbeg,21st-century Albanian politicians,2011 deaths,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus,Albanian businesspeople,Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst,21st-century Albanian businesspeople,Pretenders to the Albanian throne,Albanian Sunni Muslims,Albanian people of Hungarian descent,21st-century Albanian military personnel,People from Tirana County,Albanian monarchists,20th-century Albanian businesspeople,Heirs apparent who never acceded,Albanian royalty,Albanian princes,Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir,1939 births,House of Zogu,20th-century Albanian military personnel,Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class,Albanian anti-communists,20th-century Albanian politicians

paragraph: Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (born 1939)

paragraph: Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (also known as "King Leka I"; 5 April 193930 November 2011), was the only son of King Zog I of the Albanians and his queen consort, born Countess Géraldine Apponyi de Nagyappony. He was called Crown Prince Skander at birth. Leka was pretender to the Albanian throne and was referred to as King Leka I by Albanian monarchists and some members of the media.

paragraph: Section::::Family and early life.

paragraph: King Zog I of the Albanians was forced into exile only two days after the birth of Crown Prince Leka due to the Italian invasion of Albania. Shortly after, he was replaced on the throne of Albania by Victor Emmanuel III of Italy — an action the King of Italy would later plead personal forgiveness for.

paragraph: Crown Prince Leka began life in exile in various countries. After travelling across Europe, the Royal Family settled in England, first at the Ritz Hotel in London, then moving for a very short period in 1941 to South Ascot, near Ascot in Berkshire, and then in 1941 to Parmoor House, Parmoor, near Frieth in Buckinghamshire.

paragraph: After the war, Zog, Queen Geraldine and Leka moved temporarily to Egypt, where they lived at the behest of King Farouk I.

paragraph: Through his mother, Leka has some attested distant mediaeval roots in Albania, whereas his father's much closer Albanian ancestry cannot be historically attested, except by oral history as far as the Middle Ages. The Zogu family were one of the main Principalities that fought beside the Albanian hero Skanderbeg against the invading Turks, and Mamica Kastriot (Skanderbeg's sister) reputedly married into the Toptani family, which King Zog's mother came from.

paragraph: Leka was educated at Parmoor House, and then at English schools in Egypt and at Aiglon College, Villars-sur-Ollon, Switzerland. Fluent in many languages he also studied economics at the Sorbonne and passed out of the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, England. Following this he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the British Army. He had since made his money with successful business deals in commodities.

paragraph: Leka became heir apparent of the abolished throne on 5 April 1957. On the death of King Zog in 1961, Leka was proclaimed King of the Albanians by a convened Albanian National Assembly-in-Exile, in a function room at the Hotel Bristol, Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and exile.

paragraph: In 1975, Leka married Australian citizen and former teacher Susan Cullen-Ward in Biarritz. They were married in a civil ceremony in the Hôtel de Ville, Biarritz. The wedding reception, at a five-star Toledo Roadhouse, was attended by members of other exiled royal families, loyal Albanians and friends, who toasted "Long live the King".

paragraph: The couple returned to Madrid, where they were befriended by King Juan Carlos and continued to enjoy the attentions of Albanians. The couple married religiously in Madrid. When it was discovered that Leka not only retained some Thai bodyguards, but had what was described as an arms cache in their home, the Spanish Government asked him to leave. That Leka had some reason for his fears was proved when his plane arrived at Gabon for refueling, to find it was being surrounded by local troops, who were said to have been hired to capture him by the Albanian government. He saw them off by appearing at the plane's door with a bazooka in his hand. The couple went on to Rhodesia but, after Robert Mugabe took power, they settled in a large compound near Johannesburg where they were given diplomatic status by the South African Government.

paragraph: Leka spent many years exiled in Bryanston, South Africa, where his son, Prince Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe, was born. He eventually returned to Albania, settling in Tirana, where his wife, Crown Princess Susan, died on 17 July 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Albania.

paragraph: In 1993 Leka was permitted to enter Albania for the first time (since being exiled aged a few days old in 1939), doing so under a passport issued by his own Royal Court-in-exile. In this royal passport, which the Albanian government had previously refused to recognise, Leka listed his profession as "King".

paragraph: During the 1997 rebellion in Albania, Leka returned again, this time being greeted by 2,000 supporters. A referendum was held in Albania concerning a restoration of the monarchy. After a recount it was announced that the restoration was rejected by approximately two-thirds of those voting. The King questioned the independence of the election. Police intervened, gunfire broke out, one person was killed, and Leka fled. In 2011, Sali Berisha who was President at the time admitted "By 2003, the Albanian Parliament passed the law that recognized the attributes of the Royal Family and it was a right decision. Also I remind you that even the referendum was held in the context of flames of the communist rebellion and therefore cannot be considered a closed matter. The Stalinist principle of: ‘you vote, but I count the votes’ was applied in that referendum. But, the fact of the matter is the Albanians voted massively for their King, but the referendum failed to meet quotas as it was manipulated."

paragraph: When asked if he intended to leave Albania he replied: "Why? It is my country." After leaving Albania of his own accord he was tried and sentenced to three years imprisonment for sedition, in absentia; this conviction was pardoned in March 2002, when 72 members of Parliament asked the royal family to return.

paragraph: Leka was backed by the Party of Right and Legality (PLL). PLL is a right wing monarchist party and a marginal factor in Albanian politics. It formed a coalition with other parties in Albania. Leka, however, did not vote, stating that

paragraph: Leka was head of the Movement for National Development. He argued that he was a fighter for a Greater Albania in terms of ethnicity and that his restoration as king would make possible this goal. However, in February 2006, he announced he would be withdrawing from political and public life.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on 30 November 2011 in Mother Teresa Hospital, Tirana. He was buried next to his wife’s and mother’s grave at the public Sharra cemetery in a Tirana suburb. Later he was buried in the royal mausoleum.

paragraph: Section::::Dynastic honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Zogu: Sovereign Knight with Collar of the Royal Order of Albania

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Zogu: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Fidelity, Special Class

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Zogu: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Skanderbeg, Grand Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Zogu: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Bravery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cordon of the Royal Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian Imperial Family: Knight Grand Cordon of the Imperial Order of Saint Vladimir

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georgian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Order of the Eagle of Georgia

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Line of succession to the former Albanian throne

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dedet, Joséphine "Géraldine, reine des Albanais". Paris: Belfond, 2016, published at the occasion of Prince Leka's wedding in Tirana, on October 8, 2016 (Leka being Geraldine's grand-son) ; former editions: Criterion, 1997 and Belfond, 2012, . Biography enriched by the Queen's testimony, by her personal archives and by a huge correspondence with the author, who has benefited of many unpublished sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dedet, Joséphine, Géraldine, Egy Magyar No Albania Tronjan, Budapest : Europa, 2015, , best-seller in Hungary, translation of Géraldine, reine des Albanais".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Najbor, Patrice. "Histoire de l'Albanie et de sa Maison Royale" (5 volumes) - JePublie - Paris - 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rees, Neil. "A Royal Exile – King Zog & Queen Geraldine of Albania including their wartime exile in the Thames Valley and Chilterns", 2010 ()

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court of King Zog Research Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website of the Albanian Royal Court

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maison Royale d'Albanie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Histoire de l'Albanie et de sa Maison Royale 1443-2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leka in military uniform with his wife

alias:
Leka I
Leka Zogu
Leka Skënder
Leka Skander

description: Crown Prince of Albania

wikidata_label: Leka


text:
Texas
Blues
Jazz
vocalist
rhythm guitar
Smokin' Joe Kubek Band
Delhi
Louisiana
Monroe, Louisiana
James Moody
big band
New Orleans
Amarillo
Wichita Falls
Big Joe Williams
Poor David's Pub
electric blues
Smokin' Joe Kubek
Sam Myers
repertoire
Jimmy Reed
Freddie King
rhythm guitar
hard-playing blues style
Texas blues
Rounder Select-Bullseye
Alligator Records
Delta Groove
Simitar
Rounder Select-Bullseye
Blind Pig
J&J Blues Bar
Ft. Worth, Texas
Alligator Records
Delta Groove Productions
Official website
Bnois King
"Smokin' Joe Kubek & Bnois King"
"Artist Biography – Bnois King"
"Credits"
AllMusic

categories: 1943 births,20th-century American guitarists,Living people,Texas blues musicians,21st-century American guitarists,People from Delhi, Louisiana,Guitarists from Texas,American blues guitarists,20th-century male musicians,American male guitarists

paragraph: Bnois King

paragraph: Bnois King (born January 21, 1943) (pronounced "buh-noise") is a Texas Blues and Jazz guitar player, vocalist, and composer. He most often played guitar and rhythm guitar, and acted as the main vocalist and original song writer for the Smokin' Joe Kubek Band, touring and equally billed with Kubek after 1997.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: King was born January 21, 1943, in Delhi, Louisiana, a small town thirty miles east of Monroe, Louisiana. He had seven brothers and two sisters. King started playing guitar at the early age of eight when he found an unused guitar in his grandmother's closet and started picking out notes. He attended Boley High School, which lacked a music teacher until his final year there. Up until then, the few songs he could play he played by ear. While still in high school, James Moody, the owner and bandleader of a 20-piece big band out of New Orleans (called "The New Sounds"), took him under his wing and gave him his first paying gig, for which King made $15. Once King realized he could make money playing guitar on stage is when he reports "...I really got serious" about playing guitar."

paragraph: After high school, King traveled to west Texas (Amarillo), Colorado and Oklahoma, and finally settled in north Texas (Wichita Falls) while trying to break into the music industry and make a career from it. Struggling at first in the industry, King sometimes found himself playing at carnival side shows or working 'straight jobs' (such as detailing cars at a dealership). King was, however, again performing regularly in Dallas and Fort Worth by the late 70s, usually playing with jazz bands. playing with Big Joe Williams along with other local talent, often out of a local Dallas blues spot, Poor David's Pub.

paragraph: It was in Dallas that King met, and thereafter periodically teamed up with, electric blues guitarist Smokin' Joe Kubek, starting in 1989.

paragraph: Section::::Playing style.

paragraph: King was exposed to gospel music at an early age, but leaned more towards the blues and (especially) jazz, which he listened to on the radio while growing up. He started playing blues covers when still in high school, but continued mostly playing with jazz oriented bands afterward—until he met Kubek. While the rock-influenced Kubek played in an aggressive style, King had been heavily jazz-influenced and embraced a more relaxed playing style. They got along well, however, and two repeatedly partnered up after 1989. Other blues artists, such as Sam Myers would sit in with the group for performances.

paragraph: Section::::Career work with Kubek.

paragraph: Building a repertoire from old, neglected blues genre songs (such as from the likes of Jimmy Reed and Freddie King), the duo found a ready audience for Bnois King's laid-back vocalizations and rhythm guitar playing, and Kubek's hard-playing blues style. At this time, King discovered other talents he didn't realize he possessed: singing and song writing. King hadn't really sung much on stage until he teamed up with Kubek. King said about it: "We needed a singer so I sang... and every time I did the crowds went wild. We needed songs so I wrote about things that happened to me, to people I knew..." Audiences enjoyed the blending of the two's very different playing styles.

paragraph: The duo released their first collaborative album in 1991, a Texas blues album entitled "Steppin' Out Texas Style". The duo's run came to an end October 2015 with Kubek's death.

paragraph: Section::::Career work with Kubek.:Production companies.

paragraph: King and Kubek originally signed up with Rounder Select-Bullseye when they published their first joint album in 1991. That relationship worked until the late 1990s, when King started receiving equal billing with Kubek after 1997. The two were signed with Blind Pig Records from 2002 to 2007; and again in 2015. In addition, King has been signed and promoted (as both a solo act and as a duo along with Kubek) to Alligator Records, Delta Groove, and Simitar for various past productions.

paragraph: Section::::Album discography.

paragraph: Section::::Album discography.:The Smokin' Joe Kubek Band, "featuring" Bnois King.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Steppin' Out Texas Style" (1991), Rounder Select-Bullseye

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chain Smokin' Texas Style" (1992),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Texas Cadillac" (1994), Bullseye Blues/Rounder

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cryin' for the Moon" (1995), Bullseye Blues/Rounder

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Got My Mind Back" (1996), Rounder Select

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lone Star Blues" (October 1997), EasyDisc/Rounder

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take Your Best Shot" (1998), Rounder Select

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bite Me!" (2000), Bullseye Blues/Rounder

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Served Up Texas Style: The Best of the Smokin' Joe Kubek Band" (2005), Bullseye Blues/Rounder

paragraph: Section::::Album discography.:Compilations with Kubek.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Texas Blues Guitar" (June 1997), EasyDisc/Rounder

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blues Guitar Duels" (August 1998), EasyDisc/Rounder

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Blues Classics" (2010), Bullseye Blues/Rounder

paragraph: Section::::Album discography.:Duo albums with Smokin' Joe Kubek.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Axe Man" (December 1991), Double Trouble Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roadhouse Research" (2003), Blind Pig

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Show Me The Money" (2004), Blind Pig

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Heart's In Texas" (2006), Blind Pig; (live recording, from J&J Blues Bar, Ft. Worth, Texas)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blood Brothers" (2008), Alligator Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Have Blues, Will Travel" (2010), Alligator Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Close to the Bone: Unplugged" (2011), Delta Groove Music / Delta Groove Productions / Jazzhaus

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Road Dog's Life" (2013), Delta Groove Music / Delta Groove Productions / Jazzhaus

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fat Man's Shine Parlor" (2015), Blind Pig

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bnois King; MetroLyrics.com overview

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Smokin' Joe Kubek & Bnois King"; Blind Pig Records website

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Artist Biography – Bnois King" and "Credits"; at AllMusic.com

description: U.S. Blues and Jazz musician

wikidata_label: Bnois King

wikipedia_title: Bnois King


text:
Hanover
Franco-Prussian war
German Progress Party
Social Democratic Party of Germany
Lou Andreas-Salome
Reichstag
Zimmerwald
Stockholm
USPD
SPD
SPD
USPD
SPD
USPD
Karl Liebknecht
Friedrich Ebert
Freikorps
Rosa Luxemburg
USPD
KPD
SPD
SAPD
Adolf Hitler

categories: People from the Kingdom of Hanover,Members of the 12th Reichstag of the German Empire,Members of the 13th Reichstag of the German Empire,Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians,1947 deaths,German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War,Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic,People from Hanover,German Progress Party politicians,1850 births,Members of the 10th Reichstag of the German Empire,Independent Social Democratic Party politicians,Socialist Workers' Party of Germany politicians,German male journalists,Members of the 11th Reichstag of the German Empire,German journalists

paragraph: Georg Ledebour

paragraph: Georg Ledebour (7 March 1850, Hanover – 31 March 1947) was a German socialist journalist and politician.

paragraph: He served as a stretcher bearer in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. He worked as a journalist on several newspapers after 1875. He joined the German Progress Party in 1882 and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1891.

paragraph: He had a romantic relationship with Lou Andreas-Salome between 1892 and 1894. During that period, Ledebour was sentenced and jailed for a year for a political offence.

paragraph: Ledebour was a member of the German Reichstag from 1900 until 1918. He took part in the international anti-war socialist conferences at Zimmerwald in 1915, and in Stockholm in 1917. He was one of the leaders of the German Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) after the split in the SPD in 1917. The SPD broadly supported the German government's war aims, and the USPD was opposed to the government.

paragraph: In 1918-20, the leadership of the SPD wanted to restrain the German revolution as much as possible, even to the extent of relying on the right-wing enemies of the democratic revolution and government, while the USPD wanted to carry through the revolution and weaken or remove anti-democratic forces. Ledebour was involved in the political leadership, along with Karl Liebknecht, of the attempt in Berlin to overthrow the government headed by Friedrich Ebert in January 1919. This was poorly organised and was quickly defeated by the units of the German army and the Freikorps, and notably led to the murder of both Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.

paragraph: Ledebour remained in the USPD after the splits in that party in 1920-22, when most of the membership merged with the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in 1920, and most of the rest merged with the SPD in 1922. In 1931 he joined the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD). He went into exile in Switzerland after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, and died in Bern in 1947 after a long illness.

description: German politician and journalist

wikidata_label: Georg Ledebour

wikipedia_title: Georg Ledebour


text: Count of Autun

text: Margrave and Duke of Burgundy

text: Mâcon

text: Bosonid

text: Bivin of Gorze

text: Boso of Provence

text: Richildis

text: Charles the Bald

text: Emperor Louis II

text: Pavia

text: Viceroy of Italy

text: Duke of Provence

text: Hugh the Abbot

text: missi dominici

text: Louis the Stammerer

text: Autun

text: Carloman II

text: Saône

text: Mâcon

text: Louis III

text: Bernard Plantapilosa

text: Counts of Mâcon

text: Lyon

text: Vienne

text: Charles the Fat

text: Ermengard

text: Louis

text: Duke Rudolph

text: King of Upper Burgundy

text: Conrad II of Auxerre

text: Sens

text: Adelaide

text: Conrad II

text: Count of Auxerre

text: Rudolph

text: Hugh the Black

text: Boso, Margrave of Tuscany

text: Ermengard

text: Gilbert, Duke of Burgundy

text: Adelaide

text: Reginar II, Count of Hainaut

text: Richilda

text: Litaud I, Count of Mâcon

text: Dukes of Burgundy family tree

categories: Dukes of Burgundy,Bosonids,Counts of Burgundy,10th-century rulers in Europe,921 deaths,858 births

paragraph: Richard, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: Richard, Duke of Burgundy (858–921), also known as Richard of Autun or Richard the Justiciar, was Count of Autun from 880 and the first Margrave and Duke of Burgundy. He eventually attained suzerainty over all the counties of Burgundy save Mâcon and by 890 he was referred to as "dux" (duke) and by 900 as "marchio" (margrave). By 918 he was being called "dux Burgundionem" or "dux Burgundiae", which probably signified less the existence of a unified Burgundian dukedom than feudal suzerainty over a multiplicity of counties in a specific region.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Richard was a Bosonid, the son of Bivin of Gorze and Richildis. His elder brother was Boso of Provence and his younger sister was Richildis, second wife of Charles the Bald.

paragraph: In 875, after the death of the Emperor Louis II, Richard and Boso accompanied Charles to Italy for his imperial coronation. In February 876, in Pavia, while preparing for his return journey, Charles nominated Boso "Duke and Viceroy of Italy and Duke of Provence". In 877, on Charles' death, Boso returned to France and confided the realm of Italy and the duchy of Provence to Richard and Hugh the Abbot as "missi dominici".

paragraph: In 879, Boso declared himself "King of Provence" following the death of Louis the Stammerer, but Richard defected from Boso and took Boso's county of Autun, which Carloman II confirmed to him in 880. The two joined battle on the Saône and Richard captured Mâcon and garrisoned it in the name of Carloman and Louis III under the command of Bernard Plantapilosa, a relative of the hereditary Counts of Mâcon. After taking Lyon, he besieged his brother's capital of Vienne, where he was joined by Louis, Carloman, and the emperor Charles the Fat. Richard eventually drove Boso out in 882 and captured his wife Ermengard and children Engelberga and Louis, sending them as prisoners to Autun. Boso went into hiding in Provence.

paragraph: After the death of Charles the Fat in 888, Richard supported the claim of Duke Rudolph to be King of Upper Burgundy and married his sister Adelaide, daughter of Conrad II of Auxerre. Richard also supported the coronation of his nephew Louis as King of Provence in 890.

paragraph: Richard died and was buried at Sens. He was exhorted by a bishop at his deathbed to beg a pardon for shedding so much blood in his life. He responded:

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his wife Adelaide (married 888), daughter of Conrad II, Count of Auxerre, and Waldrada of Worms, he had several sons and daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudolph, successor and later King of Francia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh the Black, later Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boso, married Bertha, daughter of Boso, Margrave of Tuscany

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ermengard, married Gilbert, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelaide, married Reginar II, Count of Hainaut

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richilda, married Litaud I, Count of Mâcon

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dukes of Burgundy family tree

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bouchard, Constance B. "The Bosonids or Rising to Power in the Late Carolingian Age." "French Historical Studies", Vol. 15, No. 3. (Spring, 1988), pp 407–431.

description: Duke of Burgundy

wikidata_label: Richard, Duke of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Richard, Duke of Burgundy


text:
duke of Burgundy
Henry of Burgundy
Robert I
Eudes I
Cluny
Moors
Iberian Peninsula
Sancho of Aragón
Guy I of Mâcon
Guigues II of Albon
Gregory VII
Benedictine
Abbey of Cluny
Dukes of Burgundy family tree

categories: House of Burgundy,Dukes of Burgundy,1093 deaths,1057 births,French Benedictines

paragraph: Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: Hugh I (1057 – August 29, 1093) was duke of Burgundy between 1076 and 1079. Hugh was son of Henry of Burgundy and grandson of Duke Robert I. He inherited Burgundy from his grandfather, following the premature death of Henry, but abdicated shortly afterwards to his brother Eudes I, in oder to become a monk at Cluny. He briefly fought the Moors in the Iberian Peninsula with Sancho of Aragón.

paragraph: His entry to Cluny in 1079, after sustaining injuries in battle, and at the same time than Guy I of Mâcon and Guigues II of Albon, drew criticism from the pope Gregory VII. Gregory thought he had not made sure the duchy was at peace, and was thus endangering the lives of many christians. He took vows as a monk and later became prior of the Benedictine Abbey of Cluny. He married Sybil of Nevers, who died in 1078, but had no known descendants.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

description: French duke

wikidata_label: Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy


text:
duke of Burgundy
Odo I, Duke of Burgundy
Odo II, Duke of Burgundy
Hugh le Roux
Sibylla of Burgundy
Roger II of Sicily
William VII of Montpellier
Dukes of Burgundy family tree

categories: Dukes of Burgundy,1084 births,1143 deaths,House of Burgundy

paragraph: Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: Hugh II of Burgundy (1084 – c. 6 February 1143) was duke of Burgundy between 1103 and 1143. Hugh was son of Odo I, Duke of Burgundy. Hugh was selected "custos" for the monastery of St. Benigne, and this office would be held by his descendants until the end of the twelfth century.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: He married, c 1115, Matilda of Mayenne, daughter of Walter, Count of Mayenne and Adelina de Presles.

paragraph: They had the following:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aigeline of Burgundy (b.1116), married Hugh I, Count of Vaudemont

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clemence of Burgundy (b.1117), married Geoffrey III of Donzy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odo II, Duke of Burgundy, (1118–1162) married Maria of Champagne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gauthier, Archbishop of Besançon (1120–1180)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh le Roux (1121–1171) married Isabel of Chalon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert, Bishop of Autun (1122–1140)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry, Bishop of Autun (1124–1170)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raymond, Count of Grignon (1125–1156) married Agnes of Montpensier

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sibylla of Burgundy (1126–1150), married Roger II of Sicily

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ducissa (b.1128), married Raymond de Grancy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matilda of Burgundy (1130–1159), married William VII of Montpellier

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aremburge (b.1132), Nun

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bourchard, C.B. "Sword, Miter and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy 980-1198", 1987

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard, J. "Annales de Bourgogne", 1958

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy


text:
Duke of Burgundy
Henry of Burgundy
Robert I
Benedictine
Cluny
Battle of Sagrajas
siege of Tudela
Crusade of 1101
Saint-Philibert de Tournus
Constance
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
abbey of Molesme
St. Beningne de Dijon
priory of Gevrey-Chambertin
Eadmer
Anselm of Canterbury
Sibylla of Burgundy
William I, Count of Burgundy
Helie of Burgundy
Bertrand of Toulouse
William III of Ponthieu
Florine of Burgundy
Sweyn the Crusader
Hugh II of Burgundy
Gwatkin, H.M.
Cambridge University Press

categories: Christians of the Crusade of 1101,1058 births,House of Burgundy,Dukes of Burgundy,1103 deaths

paragraph: Odo I, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: Odo I (1060 – 1102), also known as Eudes, surnamed Borel and called "the Red", was Duke of Burgundy between 1079 and 1103. Odo was the second son of Henry of Burgundy and grandson of Robert I. He became the duke following the abdication of his older brother, Hugh I, who retired to become a Benedictine monk at Cluny.

paragraph: He participated in the French expedition to the Iberian peninsula, started after the Battle of Sagrajas and ending with little accomplished in the failed siege of Tudela in 1087. Later, he participated in the Crusade of 1101, where he died, while in Asia Minor, in 1101.

paragraph: In a charter from his expedition to the Iberian peninsula, he admitted he had withheld property belonging to the abbey of Saint-Philibert de Tournus, an abbey patronized by his aunt Constance, wife of Alfonso VI of León and Castile. In 1101, when leaving on crusade, he made a gift and a will in favor of the abbey of Molesme. Also when leaving on crusade, he signed a charter of renunciation at St. Beningne de Dijon and another at the priory of Gevrey-Chambertin.

paragraph: An interesting incident is reported of Odo by an eyewitness, Eadmer, biographer of Anselm of Canterbury. While Saint Anselm was progressing through Odo's territory on his way to Rome in 1097, the bandit, expecting great treasure in the archbishop's retinue, prepared to ambush and loot it. Coming upon the prelate's train, the duke asked for the archbishop, whom they had not found. Anselm promptly came forward and took the duke by surprise, saying "My lord duke, suffer me to embrace thee." The flabbergasted duke immediately allowed the bishop to embrace him and offered himself as Anselm's humble servant.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Odo married Sibylla of Burgundy (1065–1101), daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy, and became the father of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helie of Burgundy 1080–1141, wife of Bertrand of Toulouse and William III of Ponthieu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florine of Burgundy 1083–1097, wife of Sweyn the Crusader, prince of Denmark

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh II of Burgundy 1084–1143

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry 1087–1125, a priest

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gwatkin, H.M., Whitney, J.P. (ed) "The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume II—The Rise of the Saracens and the Foundations of the Western Empire". Cambridge University Press, 1926.

description: Duke of Burgundy

wikidata_label: Odo I, Duke of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Odo I, Duke of Burgundy


text: duke of Burgundy

text: Duke Odo II

text: Theobald II, Count of Champagne

text: Louis VII of France

text: Philip Augustus

text: Dijon

text: Third Crusade

text: battle of Arsuf

text: siege of Acre

text: Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine

text: Odo III

text: of Semur

text: Beatrice

text: Guigues VI

text: John I, Count of Châlon and Auxonne

text: Margaret

text: Amadeus IV

text: Count of Savoy

text: Dukes of Burgundy family tree

categories: Dukes of Burgundy,1142 births,1192 deaths,House of Burgundy

paragraph: Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: Hugh III (1142 – August 25, 1192) was duke of Burgundy between 1162 and 1192. Hugh was the eldest son of Duke Odo II and Marie, daughter of Theobald II, Count of Champagne.

paragraph: The rule of Hugh III marked the ending of a period of relative peace in the duchy of Burgundy. Hugh was a belligerent man and soon was involved in conflicts against King Louis VII of France over their borders. When Philip Augustus succeeded Louis in 1180, Hugh seized the opportunity and forced several men to change their allegiance to Burgundy. Philip II was not happy with the loss of his vassals and invaded the duchy, besieging Châtillon. The town fell and with it, its garrison, commanded by Odo, Hugh's heir. A peace was negotiated and Hugh had to pay a high ransom for his son and give up ambitions over French territory.

paragraph: In 1187, Hugh transferred the capital of Burgundy to Dijon, and endeavoured to turn the city into a major commercial centre.

paragraph: Hugh then turned his energies to the Holy Land, embarking in the Third Crusade in the retinue of Philip II. When Philip returned to France, he left Hugh in charge of the French troops. Hugh played a major role in the victory of the battle of Arsuf (September 7, 1191) and at the siege of Acre, where he died August 1192.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: He was married twice:

paragraph: Firstly, in 1165, to Alice (1145–1200), daughter of Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine; he repudiated her in 1183.

paragraph: By his first marriage, he produced:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odo III (1166–1218), his successor in the Duchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander (1170–1206), Lord of Montaigu, married Beatrix of Montaigu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Douce (1175 – c.1219), married in 1196 Simon of Semur (d.1219), Lord of Luzy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alice (b.1177), married Béraud VII, Lord of Mercœur

paragraph: Secondly, in 1183, to Beatrice,(1161–1228), Countess of Albon and Dauphine of Viennois, daughter of Guigues, Count of Albon and Dauphin of Viennois.

paragraph: By his second marriage, he produced:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guigues VI (1184–1237), Dauphin of Viennois

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahaut (1190–1242), married in 1214 John I, Count of Châlon and Auxonne (1190–1267)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret (1192–1243), married in 1222 Amadeus IV (1197–1253), Count of Savoy

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dukes of Burgundy family tree

description: Duke of Burgundy

wikidata_label: Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy


text:
Count of Nevers
Auxerre
Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
Yolande of Dreux
Robert
Maud of Dampierre
Yolande II, Countess of Nevers
Louis IX of France
Robert III of Flanders
Margaret, Countess of Tonnerre
Charles I of Naples
Adelaide, Countess of Auxerre
Dukes of Burgundy family tree

categories: Counts of Auxerre,Counts of Nevers,House of Burgundy,1230 births,1266 deaths

paragraph: Odo, Count of Nevers

paragraph: Odo of Burgundy (1230 – 4 August 1266) was Count of Nevers and Auxerre and the heir of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. His mother was Yolande of Dreux. He died at Acre on 7 August 1266.

paragraph: He never inherited the duchy, due to his death before his father; Burgundy was thereafter ruled by Odo's brother Robert. Odo married Maud of Dampierre and had three daughters, all of whom became rulers of their parents' counties:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande II, Countess of Nevers (1247–1280), married 1)Jean-Tristan, prince of France and count of Valois (son of Louis IX of France);and 2)Robert III of Flanders

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret, Countess of Tonnerre (1250–1308), married king Charles I of Naples

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelaide, Countess of Auxerre (1251–1290)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Odo, Count of Nevers

wikipedia_title: Odo, Count of Nevers


text:
Duke of Burgundy
Hugh IV
Yolande of Dreux
Agnes
Louis IX of France
Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy
Blanche
Edward, Count of Savoy
Margaret
Louis X of France
Joan
Philip VI of France
Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy
Louis
Prince of Achaea
Matilda of Hainaut
Edward I, Count of Bar
Dauphiné
Rudolf of Habsburg
Philip IV of France
Dauphiné
Dukes of Burgundy family tree

categories: Titular Kings of Thessalonica,13th-century peers of France,1306 deaths,Dukes of Burgundy,House of Burgundy,1248 births

paragraph: Robert II, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: Robert II of Burgundy (1248 – 21 March 1306) was Duke of Burgundy between 1272 and 1306. Robert was the third son of duke Hugh IV and Yolande of Dreux.

paragraph: He married Agnes, youngest daughter of Louis IX of France, in 1279 and had the following issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy (1282–1315)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blanche (1288–1348), married Edward, Count of Savoy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret (1290–1315), married king Louis X of France

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan (1293–1348), married count of Maine and Valois, king Philip VI of France

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy (1295–1350)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis, Prince of Achaea (1297–1316), married Matilda of Hainaut

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary (1298–1336) married Edward I, Count of Bar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert, Count of Tonnerre (1302–1334), married Joanna, heiress of Tonnerre

paragraph: In 1284, Robert was invested with the duchy of Dauphiné by Rudolf of Habsburg. This was followed by two years of warfare which was ended when King Philip IV of France paid Robert 20,000 "livres tournois" to renounce his claim to the Dauphiné.

paragraph: Robert ended the practice of giving away parts of the Burgundian estate to younger sons and as dowries to the daughters. From then on, the whole duchy, however already diminished by earlier dowries, passed unfragmented to the eldest son.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

description: Duke of Burgundy

wikidata_label: Robert II

wikipedia_title: Robert II, Duke of Burgundy


text:
duke of Burgundy
Hugh III
Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine
Philip II of France
John Lackland
Holy Roman Emperor
Otto IV of Germany
Battle of Bouvines
Crusade against the Cathars
Cathar
Knights Templar
Theresa of Portugal
Afonso I of Portugal
Matilda of Savoy
Philip, Count of Flanders
Alice of Vergy
Raoul II of Lusignan
Count of Eu
Robert I
Hugh IV
Peter Baldwin
BBC
The Devil's Crown
Dukes of Burgundy family tree

categories: People of the Albigensian Crusade,House of Burgundy,1166 births,Dukes of Burgundy,1218 deaths

paragraph: Odo III, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: Eudes III (1166 – July 6, 1218), commonly known in English as Odo III, was duke of Burgundy between 1192 and 1218. Odo was the eldest son of duke Hugh III and his first wife Alice, daughter of Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Odo did not follow his father's aggressive policies towards France and proved a worthy ally of king Philip II of France in his wars against John Lackland and the Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV of Germany. He fought bravely against the latter in the Battle of Bouvines, where he lost, according to contemporary chroniclers, two horses beneath him. Odo was also an important figure in the Crusade against the Cathars. When Philip II refused to get involved, the Odo stepped forward with the support of the local bishops and his vassals and organized the campaign of 1209 against the Cathar strongholds. Before leaving on crusade against the Cathars, Odo pledged the castle of Ile-d'Ouche and the village of Crimolois to the Knights Templar to assist them in the defense of the Catholic faith.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: He married in 1194 Theresa of Portugal (1156–1218), the daughter of Afonso I of Portugal, and Matilda of Savoy, and the widow of Philip, Count of Flanders. She was repudiated in 1195, having produced no children.

paragraph: In 1199, he married Alice of Vergy (1182–1252), the daughter of Hugh, Seigneur de Vergy, by Gillette de Trainel. This marriage produced:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan (1200–1223), married Raoul II of Lusignan (died 1250), Seigneur d'Issoudun and Count of Eu.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alice (1204–1266) married Robert I (died 1262) Count of Clermont and Dauphin of Auvergne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh IV (1213–1272), his successor in the duchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice (born 1216), married Humbert III of Thoire (died 1279)

paragraph: Section::::Portrayal in the media.

paragraph: Odo was portrayed by actor Peter Baldwin in the 1978 BBC TV drama series "The Devil's Crown".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dukes of Burgundy family tree

description: Duke of Burgundy

wikidata_label: Odo III, Duke of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Odo III, Duke of Burgundy


text: Duke of Burgundy

text: Odo III, Duke of Burgundy

text: Alice de Vergy

text: Yolande de Dreux

text: Beatrice of Navarre

text: Yolande de Dreux

text: Robert III

text: Dreux

text: Braine

text: Arthur II, Duke of Brittany

text: Odo

text: Matilda II, Countess of Nevers

text: John

text: Agnes of Dampierre

text: Beatrice

text: Bourbon

text: Henry III, Duke of Brabant

text: Robert II, Duke of Burgundy

text: Beatrice of Champagne

text: Theobald I of Navarre

text: Avallon

text: John I of Chalon-Arlay

text: Hugh XIII of Lusignan

text: Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany

text: Rudolf I of Germany

text: John l'Antique de Chalon

text: Chalon

text: Auxonne

text: Barons' Crusade

text: Theobald I of Navarre

text: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Richard of Cornwall

text: Ascalon

text: Egypt

text: Thessalonica

text: Epirus

text: Dukes of Burgundy family tree

categories: Medieval child rulers,Titular Kings of Thessalonica,Christians of the Barons' Crusade,Dukes of Burgundy,House of Burgundy,1213 births,1272 deaths

paragraph: Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: Hugh IV of Burgundy (9 March 1213 – 27 or 30 October 1272) was Duke of Burgundy between 1218 and 1272. Hugh was the son of Odo III, Duke of Burgundy and Alice de Vergy.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Hugh married twice, first to Yolande de Dreux when he was 16 and she 17 years of age. He then married Beatrice of Navarre, when he was 45. Between his two marriages he had 10 children, the following are their issues:

paragraph: BULLET::::- From Yolande de Dreux, daughter of Count Robert III "Gasteblé" of Dreux and of Braine:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret, Lady of Molinot (1229–1277), married;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1.William III, lord of Mont St Jean

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2.Guy VI, Viscount of Limoges; their daughter was the first wife of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odo (1230–1266), who married Matilda II, Countess of Nevers

paragraph: BULLET::::- John (1231–1268), married Agnes of Dampierre and had Beatrice, heiress of Bourbon (through Agnes)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant, married Henry III, Duke of Brabant

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (1248–1306)

paragraph: BULLET::::- From Beatrice of Champagne, daughter of Theobald I of Navarre:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh, viscount of Avallon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret, Dame de Vitteaux, wife of John I of Chalon-Arlay

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan, a nun

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice, Lady of Grignon (ca.1260–1329), married Hugh XIII of Lusignan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany married Rudolf I of Germany

paragraph: Section::::Expansion.

paragraph: Hugh IV, through a transaction with John l'Antique de Chalon, gave up the barony of Salon for the counties of Chalon and Auxonne in 1237, which expanded the Duchy and the regional economy benefited from the growing wine trade.

paragraph: Section::::Barons' Crusade.

paragraph: In 1239, Hugh joined the Barons' Crusade led by King Theobald I of Navarre and supported by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. The Burgundian troops allied with Richard of Cornwall and rebuilt Ascalon and negotiated a peace with Egypt in 1241. Hugh was made titular king of Thessalonica in 1266, although it had been recaptured by the Epirus more than 40 years ago.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Hugh IV died on 27 October 1272 (Aged 60) at Villaines-en-Duismois, France. His burial place is unknown.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

description: Duke of Burgundy

wikidata_label: Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy


text: Count of Auvergne

text: Boulogne

text: Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy

text: Joan III, Countess of Burgundy

text: Philip V of France

text: Joan II, Countess of Burgundy

text: Robert III of Artois

text: John II of France

text: John II of France

text: Philip

text: Philip the Bold

text: Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy

text: Duchy of Burgundy

text: Dukes of Burgundy family tree

text: List of horse accidents

categories: 1346 deaths,House of Burgundy,Deaths by horse-riding accident,House of Capet,1323 births,Counts of Boulogne

paragraph: Philip I, Count of Auvergne

paragraph: Philip of Burgundy (November 10, 1323 – August 10, 1346) was Count of Auvergne and Boulogne (as Philip I) in right of his wife and was the only son and heir of Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy, and of Joan III, Countess of Burgundy. His mother was the daughter of King Philip V of France and of Joan II, Countess of Burgundy.

paragraph: He married Joan I, Countess of Auvergne and Boulogne, in c. 1338.

paragraph: In 1340, he fought with his father who defended the city of Saint-Omer against the assaults of Robert III of Artois. In 1346, he participated in the siege of Aiguillon, led by John, Duke of Normandy (the future John II of France). It was during this siege that he died, after falling from his horse.

paragraph: His widow Joan remarried in 1349, her second husband being King John II of France. Since Philip had no other sons from his marriage to Joan, the future of the House of Burgundy was then placed in the hands of his young son Philip (1346–61), who died childless. After the death of the younger Philip, the dukedom of Burgundy became a part of the French crown, and was granted by John II of France to his youngest son (and the previous Duke’s stepbrother), Philip the Bold.

paragraph: His daughter, Joan (134411 September 1360), was betrothed to Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy from 1347 to 1355, and was raised at his court. When she was released from the engagement at age 10, she entered a convent at Poissy, where she remained for her final years.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Le Bel, "The True Chronicles of Jean Le Bel, 1290-1360", transl. Nigel Bryant, Boydell & Brewer, 2011.

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. Mark Ormrod, "Edward III", Yale University Press, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duchy of Burgundy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dukes of Burgundy family tree

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of horse accidents

description: Count of Auvergne and Boulogne,heir of Duchy of Burgundy

wikidata_label: Philip of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Philip I, Count of Auvergne


text: Duke of Burgundy

text: Count of Burgundy

text: Artois

text: Duke Robert II

text: Agnes of France

text: Hugh V

text: Joan

text: Philip the Tall

text: Joan III, Countess of Burgundy

text: Louis

text: King of Thessalonica

text: Prince of Achaea

text: Louis, Count of Clermont

text: Artois

text: Free County

text: Robert III of Artois

text: Philip VI

text: Low Countries

text: Brittany

text: Aquitaine

text: Battle of Cassel

text: Hainaut

text: Antoing

text: Saint-Omer

text: the battle there

text: John I, Count of Armagnac

text: War of the Breton Succession

text: Charles of Blois

text: John, Duke of Normandy

text: Henry, Earl of Derby

text: Guyenne

text: English

text: Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu

text: Constable of France

text: Marshals

text: Master of Crossbowmen

text: Aiguillon

text: Lot

text: Garonne

text: Calais

text: Pope Clement VI

text: Avignon

text: heir presumptive

text: Philip I

text: Sens

text: Joan III

text: Philip

text: Count of Auvergne

text: Les Rois maudits

text: historical novel

text: Maurice Druon

text: French miniseries adaptation

categories: Titular Kings of Thessalonica,Princes of Achaea,House of Burgundy,Dukes of Burgundy,Counts of Burgundy,1295 births,Counts of Artois,14th-century deaths from plague (disease),1349 deaths

paragraph: Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy

paragraph: Odo IV or Eudes IV (1295 – 3 April 1349) was Duke of Burgundy from 1315 until his death and Count of Burgundy and Artois between 1330 and 1347. He was the second son of Duke Robert II and Agnes of France.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Inheritances.

paragraph: Odo succeeded his elder brother, Hugh V, in 1315. Odo defended the rights of his niece Joan against Philip the Tall, another uncle, after Louis X's death in 1316. In 1318, Odo married Philip's eldest daughter, Joan III, Countess of Burgundy (1308 – 1347). Thus allying himself with Philip V, who had become king of France.

paragraph: On the death of his brother, Louis in 1316, Odo became titular king of Thessalonica. By 1320, Odo was complaining to the pope of the Angevins' usurpation of Thessalonica, yet later sold his rights as King of Thessalonica and Prince of Achaea to Louis, Count of Clermont.

paragraph: Odo's wife inherited the domains of her mother in 1330: the county of Artois and the county of Burgundy, the so-called Free County. Her claim to the County of Artois was challenged by Robert III of Artois, who at that time was a close friend and advisor of King Philip VI. The dispute ended abruptly when in December 1330 the documents used by Robert of Artois to support his claim were found to be forged on his instructions.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:War with England.

paragraph: Odo was a loyal vassal of his brother-in-law, Philip of Valois, after he succeeded to the French throne as Philip VI. He belonged to Philip VI’s small circle of trusted advisors. He fought in many theatres of French warfare: the Low Countries, Brittany, Aquitaine. He fought the Flemings and was wounded at the Battle of Cassel in 1328.

paragraph: In 1340, Odo first fought in Hainaut, helped capture the town of Antoing and later defended Saint-Omer in the battle there against Robert III of Artois. During the summer the French government became aware of plans for an Anglo-Flemish army under Robert of Artois to attack on Saint-Omer. The Duke entered Saint-Omer 15 July with several thousands men-at-arms and begun preparing the defences of the city. The slow progress of the English army also allowed further reinforcements led by John I, Count of Armagnac to arrive. On 26 July Robert of Artois offered battle to the garrison of Saint-Omer. Contrary to orders some hotheads charged out, their attack was beaten off, but their flight caused the Flemings to abandon their defensive works in pursuit. The Duke of Burgundy now decided to sally with the Count of Armagnac. During the battle the Duke got into a fierce fight with the English and Brugeois contingents and barely escaped back behind the walls. Meanwhile, however the Count of Armagnac had scattered the enemy left flank. The loss of most of his Flemish troops forced Robert of Artois to flee back to Flanders.

paragraph: He took part in the War of the Breton Succession as a partisan of Charles of Blois serving as advisor to his nephew John, Duke of Normandy, during the latter’s campaign in Brittany autumn 1341.

paragraph: He served together with the Duke of Normandy and the Chancellor of France, Guillaume Flote, as French ambassadors to a peace conference at Avignon summer 1344. The conference was however actively sabotaged by the English. Henry, Earl of Derby who had been announced has the head of the English delegation, claimed once he arrived at Avignon to be there only in a private capacity for devotional reasons and the minor English officials who were officially there had no instructions.

paragraph: In 1346, he was in Guyenne combatting the English. Spring that year the French government decided to field its so far strongest army in the south-west. The Duke of Burgundy followed John of Normandy south together with a substantial number of northern nobles and such dignitaries as Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu the Constable of France, both Marshals and the Master of Crossbowmen. In April Normandy laid siege to the town of Aiguillon which controlled the confluence between the Lot and the Garonne. There they still remained in August when John of Normandy was urgently recalled to the north to help stop Edward III who had landed in Normandy. The French 1346 campaign in the south ended having accomplished nothing.

paragraph: In September Edward III laid siege to Calais. As Artois became the main theatre of the war, relations between the Duke and King Philip VI plummeted. The Duke governed Artois on behalf of his wife, but the royal government increasingly disregarded local officials and even began making its own appointments. In December 1346 Philip suspended the Duke’s government altogether.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Death and legacy.

paragraph: Odo was present at the coronation of Pope Clement VI at Avignon 19 May 1342.

paragraph: Perhaps the greatest legacy of Odo IV is seen in the subsequent Burgundian court of the Valois dukes, for Odo was a patron of the arts and the church and sponsored many young artists. He also endeavoured for good political connections and by marrying a French royal princess assured the good relations with the king. The premature death of his son Philip made his four-year-old grandson the heir presumptive. He succeeded Odo IV as Philip I after Odo died of the plague. Most sources place his death at Sens, on Friday, 3 April 1349. Some sources give the year as 1350.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Section::::Family.:Children.

paragraph: By his wife Joan III, Odo had six sons, most of whom died young:

paragraph: BULLET::::- a stillborn son (1322)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip (1323–1346), Count of Auvergne

paragraph: BULLET::::- John (1325–1327 or 1328)

paragraph: BULLET::::- three sons who died young, born in 1327, 1330, and 1335

paragraph: Section::::Portrayal in film.

paragraph: Odo (as Eudes) is a supporting character in "Les Rois maudits" ("The Accursed Kings"), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon. He was portrayed by in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by C. Florescu in the 2005 adaptation.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne-Lise Courtel, "La chancellerie et les actes d'Eudes IV, duc de Bourgogne (1315–1349)", "Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes", 135, 1 (1977): 23–71.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne-Lise Courtel, "La chancellerie et les actes d'Eudes IV, duc de Bourgogne (1315-1349) (second article)", "Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes", 135, 1 (1977): 255–311.

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy


text: astronomer

text: Lund University

text: comet

text: asteroid

text: asteroid

text: 55 Pandora

text: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

categories: Swedish astronomers,Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,1896 deaths,1830 births,Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society

paragraph: Axel Möller

paragraph: Didrik Magnus Axel Möller (16 February 1830 – 25 October 1896) was a Swedish astronomer.

paragraph: He matriculated as a student at Lund University in 1846, received his Ph.D. in 1853 and was Professor of Astronomy there from 1863 until 1895.

paragraph: He calculated the orbits of comets and asteroids. He notably calculated the orbit of the periodic comet 4P/Faye, as well as the perturbations of the asteroid 55 Pandora.

paragraph: He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1869 and won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1881.

description: Swedish astronomer

wikidata_label: Axel Möller

wikipedia_title: Axel Möller


text:
Armenian
Bagratuni
Smbat I
epithet
Smbat I
emir
Azerbaijan (Iran)
Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj
Yernjak
Dvin
Bagratid Armenia
Constantinople
regent
Constantine Porphyrogenitus
Zoe Karbonopsina
Domestic of the Schools
Leo Phokas
Euphrates
Subuk
Abbasid
caliph
Baghdad
Shahanshah
John Kourkouas
Iranian
Kurdish
Romanos Lekapenos
Syria
Sofia
Nicholas
Samuel of Bulgaria
Abas
Kingdom of Artsakh
Muratsan
Gevorg Marzpetuni

categories: Place of birth unknown,Bagratuni dynasty,Kings of Bagratid Armenia,Year of birth unknown,928 deaths,10th-century monarchs in Asia

paragraph: Ashot II of Armenia

paragraph: Ashot II (; r. 914–929) was an Armenian monarch and the third king of the royal Bagratuni line. He was the son and successor of King Smbat I. His reign was filled with rebellions by pretenders to the throne, and foreign invasions, which Ashot fought off successfully, for which he is remembered by the epithet "Yerkat" (Երկաթ), or the Iron.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Ashot II had succeeded his father Smbat I upon the latter's death in 914. Smbat had fought off an invasion launched by the "emir" of Azerbaijan (Iran), Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj, but when Smbat surrendered he was tortured and beheaded by Yusuf in Yernjak. With his control of the central lands of Armenia, Yusuf installed Ashot, son of Shapuh and Ashot II's first cousin, in Dvin as the "anti-king" of Bagratid Armenia. Harried by Yusuf's forces, Ashot turned west for support. In 914, he visited Constantinople to receive aid from the crown regent for the young Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Zoe Karbonopsina.

paragraph: There, Ashot was well received, and a Byzantine force was created to assist Armenia in defeating the Arabs. The force, accompanying Ashot and led by the Domestic of the Schools Leo Phokas, moved out the next year and marched along Upper Euphrates, entering Taron, meeting scant opposition from the Arabs. Ashot the anti-king and Yusuf's armies were unable to stop the Byzantine advance, which stopped short of capturing Dvin due to the onset of winter. Nevertheless, the force had returned Ashot to a powerful position in Armenia and managed to inflict heavy casualties against the Arabs.

paragraph: This still left Ashot the anti-king in control of Dvin and civil war raged on from 918 to 920, when the pretender finally conceded defeat. Numerous other rebellions in Armenia also took place but Ashot was able to defeat each one of them. In 919, Yusuf had instigated a failed rebellion against the Caliph and was replaced by a far more well-disposed Arab governor, Subuk. In 922 he was recognized as the ruler of Armenia by the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad and Subuk recognized him as "Shahanshah", or "king of kings."

paragraph: Ironically, the Byzantines were distressed with Ashot's close relations with the Arabs and dispatched a new force under the Domestic of the Schools John Kourkouas, also of Armenian descent, to disrupt Ashot's position as king and to support the rebels fighting him. In 928, Kourkouas reached Dvin in an unsuccessful attempt to capture a city that was defended by both the Arabs and Ashot. In 923, the Caliph, facing troubles at home, released Yusuf, who traveled back to Armenia to unleash his fury against Ashot. He began demanding tribute from the Armenians rulers but faced considerable resistance by Ashot II. Time and again, Ashot was able to defeat and rout the Arab armies sent against him for several years. Finally, in 929, Yusuf died and a power struggle ensued between rival Iranian and Kurdish families in Āzarbāijān, thus reducing the Arab threat to Armenia. Byzantine emperor Romanos Lekapenos also turned his attention from the east to fight the Arabs in Syria. Ashot died without any sons or heirs and his daughter was married to the Duke of Sofia Nicholas and mothered Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria. He was succeeded ca. 929 by his brother Abas.

paragraph: Ashot was married to Marie, daughter of Prince Sahak, founder of the Kingdom of Artsakh.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: Ashot II features prominently as a character in Muratsan's nineteenth-century historical novel "Gevorg Marzpetuni".

description: Armenian king

wikidata_label: Ashot II of Armenia

wikipedia_title: Ashot II of Armenia


text:
Oslo
Norway
avant-garde metal
Arcturus
doom metal
progressive
black metal
Borknagar
backing vocalist
symphonic black metal
Dimmu Borgir
doom metal
drummer
Ole Jørgen Moe
Garm
avant-garde metal
Ved Buens Ende
Arcturus
La Masquerade Infernale
folk
progressive
black metal
Borknagar
bass
Quintessence
Dimmu Borgir
Mayhem
guitarist
Øystein G. Brun
Spiritual Black Dimensions
Nagash
The Kovenant
Spiral Architect's
lead vocalist
Sideshow Symphonies
Terrorizer Magazine
Arcturus'
Metalocalypse
Mustis
Borknagar
Arcturus
Lise Myhre
Nemi
Storm Seeker
Asgeir Mickelson
Terje "Cyrus" Andersen
Jens F. Ryland
Steinar Gundersen
Borknagar
Vintersorg
Arcturus
Asgeir Mickelson
Cyrus
Jens F. Ryland
Steinar Gundersen
The Archaic Course
Century Media Records
Quintessence
Universal
Indie Recordings
Urd
Century Media Records
Winter Thrice
Century Media Records
Spiritual Black Dimensions
Nuclear Blast
Puritanical Euphoric Misanthropia
Alive in Torment
EP
World Misanthropy
World Misanthropy
DVD
VHS
Death Cult Armageddon
Progenies of the Great Apocalypse
Vredesbyrd
In Sorte Diaboli
La Masquerade Infernale
Music for Nations
Sideshow Symphonies
Season of Mist
Shipwrecked in Oslo
Arcturian
What Hell Is About
Storm Seeker
Century Media Records
Pantheon of the Nightside Gods
I.C.S. Vortex official MySpace page
Official Arcturus website
Official Dimmu Borgir website
ICS Vortex

categories: Musicians from Oslo,Norwegian black metal musicians,Norwegian multi-instrumentalists,Norwegian rock guitarists,Dimmu Borgir members,Norwegian heavy metal singers,Norwegian heavy metal bass guitarists,Black metal singers,Norwegian heavy metal guitarists,Arcturus (band) members,Norwegian male singers,Borknagar members,Norwegian rock bass guitarists,Living people,Tenors,Norwegian male bass guitarists

paragraph: ICS Vortex

paragraph: Simen Hestnæs (born March 4, 1974, in Oslo, Norway), better known by his stage name I.C.S. Vortex or simply Vortex, is a Norwegian musician. He is the vocalist of the similarly named band ICS Vortex, the avant-garde metal band Arcturus, and the doom metal band Lamented Souls. He is also the vocalist and bass guitarist to the progressive black metal band Borknagar, and the former bass guitarist and backing vocalist for the Norwegian symphonic black metal band Dimmu Borgir.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His longest-running band is the doom metal band Lamented Souls, which began in 1991 and for which he plays guitar and handles the vocal duties. He actually started out as their drummer, but switched places with Ole Jørgen Moe when they became aware of his singing abilities. His moniker was a bit of a joke to poke fun at one of Garm's aliases, Fiery G. Maelstrom: "Icy S. Vortex", with the first words being opposite elements, the middle initial being the first letters of their common names, and the last word being a powerful circular current of water.

paragraph: In 1995, he was on tour with the avant-garde metal band Ved Buens Ende and performed the supporting vocals. Songs from that tour were later released on "...Coiled in Obscurity" bootleg album.

paragraph: In 1997, Hestnæs made a guest appearance on the Arcturus album "La Masquerade Infernale". He sang on three songs: "Master of Disguise", "The Chaos Path" (in which he handled all lead vocals, wrote the lyrics and co-composed this song), and "Painting My Horror".

paragraph: In 1997, the folk/progressive/black metal band Borknagar was in need of a vocalist after the departure of original vocalist Garm. Garm introduced the band to Hestnæs, who became their vocalist from 1997-2000. He took over bass duties as well, recording bass for their fourth full-length "Quintessence", after bass guitarist Kai K. Lie left the band.

paragraph: In August 2000, Hestnæs left Borknagar to fully concentrate on Dimmu Borgir. According to an interview, Borknagar was set to tour Europe with Mayhem, about the same time he would be in the studio to record with Dimmu Borgir. Borknagar guitarist and frontman Øystein G. Brun gave Hestnæs an ultimatum: tour with Borknagar, or quit and deal with Dimmu Borgir. He opted for the latter, stating that he thought Dimmu Borgir would become a more successful band in the long term. Brun would later state that the decision was "business", and that he "had nothing against Dimmu Borgir", and he wished Hestnæs the best; Hestnæs then stated that had he not gotten the ultimatum, he would still be in Borknagar to this day.

paragraph: Hestnæs first contributed on the recording of "Spiritual Black Dimensions" by adding a new vocal element: his own "clean" and "operatic" singing which added a new element to Dimmu Borgir as a band. Hestnæs stepped in as session bass guitarist when Nagash left the band to fully concentrate on The Kovenant; he was, until late August 2009, the permanent replacement on bass and a full member of Dimmu Borgir.

paragraph: In 2005, Hestnæs became Arcturus' new singer following the departure of both Garm in 2003, and Spiral Architect's Øyvind Hægeland in 2005. Hægeland departed from the band due to the distance he lived from the other band members and Simen took over as lead vocalist for the band, making it the second band in which Simen would be the successor to Garm as vocalist. In September 2005, the band released their fourth full-length album, and first full-length without Garm on vocals, "Sideshow Symphonies", which was met with varying acclaim. In 2005, Hestnæs was voted one of the top ten vocalists in Terrorizer Magazine and Arcturus was voted among the ten best live acts of 2005. Sideshow Symphonies was also ranked among the top ten albums of the year in the magazine.

paragraph: In 2007, at a concert in Melbourne, Australia, Simen stated that the concert would be Arcturus' last show. On April 17, the band officially announced they had disbanded.

paragraph: Most recently, Simen lent his voice to the animated television program, "Metalocalypse", in the episode "Dethdoubles" as well as "Dethwedding" and "Dethcarraldo."

paragraph: According to a Myspace post (in late August 2009) by Mustis, the keyboardist of Dimmu Borgir, both he and Vortex have been fired from the band. Vortex later stated he will remember the days before the greed and music industry took over Dimmu Borgir. He also stated he has an interest in reviving "a band or three." He is currently scheduled to meet with Lamented Souls in mid-September about a new album.

paragraph: In 2010 it was announced Simen would be returning to Borknagar as a live member on bass and vocals. Furthermore, Arcturus would be resurrected to headline the ProgPower USA festival in 2011.

paragraph: He is married to Lise Myhre, a Norwegian artist and creator of the comic "Nemi", and they have a son, Storm, born 2007.

paragraph: He is in height.

paragraph: Simen released his first solo album in 2011, entitled Storm Seeker. The album features Asgeir Mickelson on drums (ex-Borknagar), and some guitar solos by Terje "Cyrus" Andersen. The live band will include Borknagar guitarist Jens F. Ryland, and Steinar Gundersen from Spiral Architect on bass.

paragraph: After several months of rumours of ICS Vortex's involvement with Borknagar it was announced that he was to rejoin Borknagar full-time as a cooperative vocalist with Vintersorg as well as being the band's bass guitarist. 2011 also saw the revival of Arcturus, with Vortex once again assuming lead vocal duties.

paragraph: Section::::Solo band members.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ICS Vortex – vocals, guitars (2011–present) (also bass and keyboards on 'Storm Seeker')

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hallvard Eggestad – bass (2012–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baard Kolstad – drums (2012–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petter Hallaråker – guitars (2012–present)

paragraph: "Previous Members"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asgeir Mickelson – drums (on 'Storm Seeker')

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cyrus – guitars (on 'Storm Seeker')

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jens F. Ryland – guitars (2011-2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinar Gundersen – bass (2011-2012)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Lamented Souls.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Soulstorm" (demo) (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Demo '95" (demo) (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Essence of Wounds" (single) – Duplicate Records (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "The Origins of Misery" – Duplicate Records (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. "Echelons of Decay" (tentative title) – Duplicate Records

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Ved Buens Ende.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "...Coiled in Obscurity" bootleg – Benighted Mirror Records (2002)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Borknagar.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "The Archaic Course" – Century Media Records (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Quintessence" – Century Media Records (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Universal" – Indie Recordings (2010) (guest on one song)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "Urd" – Century Media Records (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. "Winter Thrice" – Century Media Records (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Dimmu Borgir.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Spiritual Black Dimensions" – Nuclear Blast (1999) (reissued in 2004) (guest)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Puritanical Euphoric Misanthropia" – Nuclear Blast (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Alive in Torment" (EP) – Nuclear Blast (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "World Misanthropy" (live EP) – Nuclear Blast (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. "World Misanthropy" DVD/VHS – Nuclear Blast (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. "Death Cult Armageddon" (EP) – Nuclear Blast (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::7. "Death Cult Armageddon" (DVD) – Nuclear Blast (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::8. "Death Cult Armageddon" – Nuclear Blast (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::9. "Progenies of the Great Apocalypse" (DVD) – Nuclear Blast (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::10. "Vredesbyrd" (single) – Nuclear Blast (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::11. "The Sacrilegious Scorn" (single) – Nuclear Blast (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::12. "In Sorte Diaboli Sampler" (single) – Nuclear Blast (2007

paragraph: BULLET::::13. "The Serpentine Offering" (single) – Nuclear Blast (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::14. "In Sorte Diaboli" - Nuclear Blast (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::15. "The Invaluable Darkness" (DVD) - Nuclear Blast (2008)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Arcturus.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "La Masquerade Infernale" – Misanthropy/Music for Nations (1997) (guest)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Sideshow Symphonies" – Season of Mist (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Shipwrecked in Oslo" DVD – Season of Mist (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "Arcturian" - Prophecy Productions (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Dagoba.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "What Hell Is About" – Season of Mist (2006) (guest)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Storm Seeker" – Century Media Records (2011)

paragraph: Section::::With Belzebubs.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Pantheon of the Nightside Gods"  - Century Media (2019) (guest)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- I.C.S. Vortex official MySpace page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Arcturus website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Dimmu Borgir website

paragraph: BULLET::::- ICS Vortex (at ArtisanNorway)

description: Norwegian musician

wikidata_label: ICS Vortex

wikipedia_title: ICS Vortex


text: Major League Baseball

text: second baseman

text: left fielder

text: Rutgers University

text: New Brunswick, New Jersey

text: New Brunswick High School

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Colorado Rockies

text: home run

text: at bat

text: Montreal Expos

text: Atlanta Braves

text: All-Star

text: Silver Slugger Award

text: home run

text: RBI

text: stolen bases

text: Pedro Astacio

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Texas Rangers

text: San Diego Padres

text: pinch runner

text: Coors Field

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Eric Young Jr.

text: Piscataway Township High School

text: Colorado Rockies

text: Dexter Fowler

text: Baseball Tonight

text: Steve Berthiaume

text: Houston Astros

text: Arizona Diamondbacks

text: List of Colorado Rockies team records

text: Retrosheet

categories: Atlanta Braves coaches,Arizona Diamondbacks coaches,Salem Avalanche players,Portland Beavers players,1967 births,Colorado Rockies players,National League stolen base champions,Sportspeople from New Brunswick, New Jersey,San Francisco Giants players,Texas Rangers players,Oklahoma RedHawks players,Colorado Springs Sky Sox players,San Antonio Missions players,Baseball coaches from New Jersey,Gulf Coast Dodgers players,Los Angeles Dodgers players,New Haven Ravens players,New Brunswick High School alumni,Colorado Rockies (baseball) coaches,African-American baseball players,Albuquerque Dukes players,Major League Baseball first base coaches,Chicago Cubs players,Milwaukee Brewers players,San Bernardino Stampede players,Living people,African-American baseball coaches,Silver Slugger Award winners,San Diego Padres players,Baseball players from New Jersey,Rutgers Scarlet Knights baseball players,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Eric Young (baseball)

paragraph: Eric Orlando Young Sr. (born May 18, 1967) is a former Major League Baseball second baseman and left fielder. He played college baseball and college football for Rutgers University.

paragraph: Raised in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Young attended New Brunswick High School, where he played basketball and football, in addition to baseball.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.:1990s.

paragraph: Young began his MLB career with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1992, but soon became one of the original Colorado Rockies in 1993. He hit a home run in the Rockies' first-ever home at bat on April 9, 1993, as part of an 11-4 home win over the Montreal Expos. He helped Colorado to its first postseason series appearance in 1995, which they lost to the Atlanta Braves, three games to one. His best seasons came with the Rockies, where he was an All-Star and a Silver Slugger Award winner in 1996 at second base. In 1996, he hit .324, with 8 home runs, 74 RBI and 53 stolen bases.

paragraph: During the 1990s, Young was one of the top base stealers in the major leagues. He is the Rockies career leader in stolen bases and is in the top 10 in many other offensive categories. On June 30, 1996, he managed to steal second base, third base, and home plate in one inning in a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers. In 1997, fan favorite Young was traded back to Los Angeles for pitcher Pedro Astacio. While in Los Angeles during 1998–1999, Young continued his consistency by stealing bases and hitting for solid averages.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.:2000s.

paragraph: Young was traded by the Dodgers to the Chicago Cubs in 1999. In 2000, while a member of the Cubs, he hit .297, with 6 home runs, 98 runs and 54 steals. In 2001, he enjoyed a similar season. In January 2002, Young signed as a free agent with the Milwaukee Brewers. In 2003, he hit 15 home runs, a career-high that almost doubled his previous best of 8 home runs. Young went on to play with the Texas Rangers and the San Diego Padres, where he was mainly used as a pinch runner. On August 1, 2006, Young was released by the Padres. He was subsequently reacquired by the Rangers and joined the team later that month. In late October, he declared free agency, but did not end up playing in the Majors again. Young officially retired as a member of the Colorado Rockies on September 12, 2008. He was honored during a pregame ceremony that same day at Coors Field before the Rockies took on the Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.

paragraph: Young's son, Eric Young Jr., is following in his father's footsteps. Eric Jr. graduated from Piscataway Township High School in 2003 and on August 25, 2009, made his major league debut with the Colorado Rockies when Dexter Fowler was put on the disabled list.

paragraph: Young was also an analyst on the sports program "Baseball Tonight". He is often mentioned in the term "Souvenir City Chamber of Commerce, Eric Young President" which is the term used by host Steve Berthiaume when showing a home run. He also calls out "Souvenir City!" when showing footage of a home run.

paragraph: Young served as a running instructor for the Houston Astros and helped with their outfield and base running. He was named the Arizona Diamondbacks first base coach on October 17, 2010. On October 17, 2012, Young was fired from the position. He joined the Rockies as the first base coach for the 2014 season. He was fired after the 2016 season. He was hired to be the first base coach of the Atlanta Braves for the 2018 season.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Colorado Rockies team records

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Eric Young

wikipedia_title: Eric Young (baseball)


text:
King of Cyprus
King of Jerusalem
Isabella I
Hugh VIII of Lusignan
Poitou
Henry II of England
Holy Land
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Eschiva of Ibelin
Baldwin of Ibelin
Guy
Sibylla
Baldwin IV of Jerusalem
Constable of Jerusalem
Battle of Hattin
Saladin
Ayyubid
Henry of Champagne
Jaffa
Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VI
Al-Adil I
Acre
Antioch
Hugh VIII of Lusignan
Burgundia of Rancon
His family
Poitou
Hugh VI of Lusignan
Battle of Ramla
Hugh VII of Lusignan
Second Crusade
Holy Land
Amalric "I" of Jerusalem
Henry II of England
Robert of Torigni
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Damascus
Philip of Novara
John of Ibelin
king of Jerusalem
Amalric
Ernoul
Agnes of Courtenay
Eschiva of Ibelin
Baldwin of Ibelin
Baldwin IV
leprosy
Guy
Sibylla
William of Tyre
Constable of Jerusalem
Steven Runciman
Humphrey II of Toron
Saladin
Ayyubid
Balian of Ibelin
Baldwin V
pope
Holy Roman Emperor
Isabella
Battle of Hattin
Ascalon
Conrad of Montferrat
Henry of Champagne
Richard I of England
Cyprus
Knights Templar
bezant
Jaffa
Tyre
Pisa
Acre
grand master
Hospitallers
John of Ibelin
Pope Celestine III
Rainier of Jebail
Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VI
Byzantine
Gelnhausen
Brindisi
Trani
sceptre
Roman Catholic archdiocese in Nicosia
suffragan bishop
Famagusta
Limassol
Paphos
Greek Orthodox bishops
chancellor
Conrad
Bishop of Hildesheim
Nicosia
Baldwin of Beisan
Reynald Barlais
Raoul of Saint Omer
Al-Adil I
Conrad of Wittelsbach
Archbishop of Mainz
Aymar
Patriarch of Jerusalem
Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre
Henry I, Duke of Brabant
Beirut
Toron
Tripoli
Antioch
Alexios III Angelos
Pope Innocent III
Reynald II of Dampierre
Principality of Antioch
Al-Mu'azzam Isa
Ramleh
Nazareth
white mullet
Walter of Montbéliard
Helvis
Raymond-Roupen
Prince of Antioch
Hugh I
Alice of Champagne
Maria Komnene
Sybilla
Leo I, King of Armenia
Melisende
Bohemond IV of Antioch

categories: Roman Catholic monarchs,Kings of Cyprus,1145 births,French Roman Catholics,1205 deaths,Jure uxoris kings,Burials at Saint Sophia Cathedral, Nicosia,Kings of Jerusalem

paragraph: Aimery of Cyprus

paragraph: Aimery of Lusignan (, , "Amorí"; before 11551 April 1205), erroneously referred to as Amalric or Amaury in earlier scholarship, was the first King of Cyprus, reigning from 1196 to his death. He also reigned as King of Jerusalem from his marriage to Isabella I in 1197 to his death. He was the younger son of Hugh VIII of Lusignan, a nobleman in Poitou. After participating in a rebellion against Henry II of England in 1168, he went to the Holy Land and settled in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

paragraph: His marriage to Eschiva of Ibelin (whose father, Baldwin of Ibelin was an influential nobleman) strengthened his position in the kingdom. His younger brother, Guy, married Sibylla, the sister of and heir to Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. Baldwin made Aimery Constable of Jerusalem around 1180. He was one of the commanders of the Christian army in the Battle of Hattin, which ended with decisive defeat at the hands of the army of Saladin, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt and Syria, on 4 July 1187.

paragraph: Aimery supported his brother, Guy, even after Guy had lost his claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem according to most barons of the realm, because of the death of Sibylla and their two daughters. The new king of Jerusalem, Henry of Champagne, arrested him for a short period. After his release, he retired to Jaffa which was the fief of his elder brother, Geoffrey of Lusignan, who had left the Holy Land.

paragraph: After Guy died in May 1194, his vassals in Cyprus elected Aimery as their lord. He accepted the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI. With the emperor's authorization, Aimery was crowned King of Cyprus in September 1197. He soon married Henry of Champagne's widow, Isabella I of Jerusalem. He and his wife were crowned king and queen of Jerusalem in January 1198. He signed a truce with Al-Adil I, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, which secured the Christian possession of the coastline from Acre to Antioch. His rule was a period of peace and stability in both of his realms.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Aimery was born before 1155. He was the fifth son of Hugh VIII of Lusignan and his wife, Burgundia of Rancon. His family had been noted for generations of crusaders in their native Poitou. His great-grandfather, Hugh VI of Lusignan, died in the Battle of Ramla in 1102; Aimery's grandfather, Hugh VII of Lusignan, took part in the Second Crusade. Aimery's father also came to the Holy Land and died in a Muslim prison in the 1160s. Earlier scholarship erroneously referred to him as Amalric (or Amaury, its French form), but documentary evidence shows he was actually called "Aimericus", which is a distinct name (although it was sometimes confused with "Amalricus" already in the Middle Ages). Runciman and other modern historians erroneously refer to him as Amalric II of Jerusalem, because they confused his name with that of Amalric "I" of Jerusalem.

paragraph: Aimery joined a rebellion against Henry II of England (who also ruled Poitou) in 1168, according to Robert of Torigni's chronicle, but Henry crushed the rebellion. Aimery left for the Holy Land and settled in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was captured in a battle and held in captivity in Damascus. A popular tradition (which was first recorded by the 13th-century Philip of Novara and John of Ibelin) held, the king of Jerusalem, Amalric, ransomed him personally.

paragraph: Ernoul (whose reliability is questioned) claimed, Aimery was a lover of Amalric of Jerusalem's former wife, Agnes of Courtenay. Aimery married Eschiva of Ibelin, a daughter of Baldwin of Ibelin, who was one of the most powerful noblemen in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Amalric of Jerusalem, who died on 11 July 1174, was succeeded by his thirteen-year-old son by Agnes of Courtenay, Baldwin IV who suffered from leprosy. Aimery became the member of the royal court with his father-in-law's support.

paragraph: Aimery's youngest brother, Guy, married Baldwin IV's widowed sister, Sibylla, in April 1180. Ernoul wrote, it was Aimery who had spoken of his brother to her and her mother, Agnes of Courtenay, describing him as a handsome and charming young man. Aimery, continued Ernoul, hurried back to Poitou and persuaded Guy to come to the kingdom, although Sibylla had promised herself to Aimery's father-in-law. Another source, William of Tyre, did not mention that Aimery had played any role in the marriage of his brother and the king's sister. Consequently, many elements of Ernoul's report (especially Aimery's alleged journey to Poitou) were most probably invented.

paragraph: Section::::Constable of Jerusalem.

paragraph: Aimery was first mentioned as Constable of Jerusalem on 24 February 1182. According to Steven Runciman and Malcolm Barber, he had already been granted the office shortly after his predecessor, Humphrey II of Toron, died in April 1179. Historian Bernard Hamilton writes, Aimery's appointment was the consequence of the growing influence of his brother and he was appointed only around 1181.

paragraph: Saladin, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt and Syria, launched a campaign against the Kingdom of Jerusalem on 29 September 1183. Aimery defeated the sultan's troops in a minor skirmish with the support of his father-in-law and his brother, Balian of Ibelin. After the victory, the crusaders' main army could advance as far as a spring near Saladin's camp, forcing him to retreat nine days later. During the campaign, it turned out that most barons of the realm were unwilling to cooperate with Aimery's brother, Guy, who was the designated heir to Baldwin IV. The ailing king dismissed Guy and made his five-year-old nephew (Guy's stepson), Baldwin V, his co-ruler on 20 November 1183.

paragraph: In early 1185, Baldwin IV decreed that the pope, the Holy Roman Emperor and the kings of France and England were to be approached to choose between his sister, Sybilla, and their half-sister, Isabella, if Baldwin V died before reaching the age of majority. The leper king died in April or May 1185, his nephew in late summer of 1186. Ignoring Baldwin IV's decree, Sybilla was proclaimed queen by her supporters and she crowned her husband, Guy, king. Aimery was not listed among those who were present at the ceremony, but he obviously supported his brother and sister-in-law, according to Hamilton.

paragraph: As constable, Aimery organised the army of the Kingdom of Jerusalem into units before the Battle of Hattin, which ended with the decisive victory of Saladin on 4 July 1187. Along with most commanders of the Christian army, Aimery fell into captivity in the battlefield. During the siege of Ascalon, Saladin promised the defenders that he would set free ten persons whom they named if they surrendered. Aimery and Guy were among those whom the defenders named before surrendering on 4 September, but Saladin postponed their release until the spring of 1188.

paragraph: Aimery remained a loyal supporter of his brother even after Guy had lost his claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem with the death of Sybilla and their two daughters in the autumn of 1190, according to most barons of the realm. Guy's opponents supported Conrad of Montferrat who married Sybilla's half-sister, Isabella in late November. An assembly of the noblemen of the realm unanimously declared Conrad the lawful king on 16 April 1192. Although Conrad was murdered twelve days later, his widow soon married Henry of Champagne, who was elected king of Jerusalem. To compensate Guy for the loss of Jerusalem, Richard I of England authorized him to purchase the island of Cyprus (that Richard had conquered in May 1191) from the Knights Templar. He was also to pay 40,000 bezants to Richard who donated the right to collect the sum from Guy to Henry of Champagne. Guy settled in Cyprus in early May.

paragraph: Aimery remained in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which was reduced to a narrow strip of land along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea from Jaffa to Tyre. Henry of Champagne ordered the expulsion of the merchants from Pisa from Acre in May, because he accused them of plotting with Guy of Lusignan. After Aimery intervened on behalf of the merchants, the king had him arrested. Aimery was only released at the demand of the grand masters of the Templars and the Hospitallers. He retired to Jaffa that Richard of England had granted to Aimery's eldest brother, Geoffrey of Lusignan.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Lord of Cyprus.

paragraph: Guy of Lusignan died in May 1194, and bequeathed Cyprus to his elder brother, Geoffrey. However, Geoffrey had already returned to Poitou, thus Guy's vassals elected Aimery their new lord. Henry of Champagne demanded the right to be consulted about the succession in Cyprus, but the Cypriote noblemen ignored him. Around the same time, Henry of Champagne replaced Aimery with John of Ibelin as constable of Jerusalem.

paragraph: Aimery realized that the treasury of Cyprus was almost empty, because his brother had granted most landed property in the island to his supporters, according to Ernoul. He summoned his vassals to an assembly. After emphasizing that each of them owned more land than he had, he persuaded them one by one "either by force, or by friendship, or by agreement" to surrender some their rents and lands.

paragraph: Aimery dispatched an embassy to Pope Celestine III, asking him to set up Roman Catholic dioceses in Cyprus. He also sent his representative, Rainier of Jebail, to the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI, proposing that he would acknowledge the emperor's suzerainty, if the emperor sent a royal crown to him. Aimery primarily wanted to secure the emperor's assistance against a potential Byzantine invasion of Cyprus, but he also wanted to strengthen his own legitimacy as king. Rainier of Jebail swore loyalty to Henry VI on behalf of Aimery in Gelnhausen in October 1196. The emperor who had decided to lead a crusade to the Holy Land promised that he would personally crown Aimery king. He dispatched the archbishops of Brindisi and Trani to take a golden sceptre to Aimery as a symbol of his right to rule Cyprus.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:King of Cyprus.

paragraph: Henry VI's two envoys landed in Cyprus in April or May 1196. Aimery may have adopted the title of king around that time, because Pope Celestin styled him as king already in a letter in December 1196. In the same month, the pope set up a Roman Catholic archdiocese in Nicosia with three suffragan bishops in Famagusta, Limassol and Paphos. The Greek Orthodox bishops were not expelled, but their property and income was seized by the new Catholic prelates.

paragraph: Henry VI's chancellor, Conrad, Bishop of Hildesheim, crowned Aimery king in Nicosia in September 1197. Aimery did homage to the chancellor. The noblemen who owned fiefs in both Cyprus and the Kingdom of Jerusalem wanted to bring about a reconciliation between Aimery and Henry of Champagne. One of them, Baldwin of Beisan, Constable of Cyprus, persuaded Henry of Champage to visit Cyprus in early 1197. The two kings made peace, agreeing that Aimery's three sons were to marry Henry's three daughters. Henry also renounced the debt that Aimery still owed to him for Cyprus and allowed Aimery to garrison his troops at Jaffa. Aimery sent Reynald Barlais to take possession of Jaffa. Aimery again used the title of Constable of Jerusalem in November 1197, which suggests that he had also recovered that office as a consequence of his treaty with Henry of Champagne.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:King of two realms.

paragraph: Henry of Champagne fell from the window of his palace and died in Acre on 10 September 1197. The aristocratic, but impoverished Raoul of Saint Omer was one of the possible candidates to succeed him, but the grand masters of the military orders opposed him vehemently. A few days later, Al-Adil I, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, occupied Jaffa.

paragraph: Conrad of Wittelsbach, Archbishop of Mainz, who arrived to Acre on 20 September, was the first to propose that the crown should be offered to Aimery. Since Aimery's first wife had died, he could marry the widowed Isabella I of Jerusalem, who was the queen. Although Aymar, Patriarch of Jerusalem, stated that the marriage would be uncanonical, Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre, started negotiations with Aimery who accepted the offer. The patriarch also withdrew his objections and crowned Aimery and Isabella king and queen in Tyre in January 1198.

paragraph: The Cypriot army fought for the Kingdom of Jerusalem during Aimery's rule, but otherwise he administered his two realms separately. Even before his coronation, Aimery united his forces with the German crusaders who were under the command of Henry I, Duke of Brabant to launch a campaign against the Ayyubid troops. They forced Al-Adil to withdraw and captured Beirut on 21 October. He laid siege to Toron, but he had to lift the siege on 2 February, because the German crusaders decided to return to the Holy Roman Empire after learning that Emperor Henry VI had died.

paragraph: Aimery was riding at Tyre when four German knights attacked him in March 1198. His retainers rescued him and captured the four knights. Aimery accused Raoul of Saint Omer of hiring the assailants and sentenced him to banishment without a trial by his peers. At Raoul's demand, the case was submitted to the High Court of Jerusalem which held that Aimery had unlawfully banished Raoul. Nevertheless, Raoul voluntarily left the kingdom and settled in Tripoli, because he knew that he had lost Aimery's goodwill.

paragraph: Aimery signed a truce with Al-Adil on 1 July 1198, securing the possession of the coast from Acre as far as to Antioch for the crusaders for five years and eight months. The Byzantine Emperor, Alexios III Angelos, did not abandon the idea of recovering Cyprus. He promised that he would help a new crusade if Pope Innocent III excommunicated Aimery to enable a Byzantine invasion in 1201, but the pope refuted him, emphasizing that the Byzantines had lost their right to Cyprus when Richard I conquered the island in 1191.

paragraph: Aimery kept the peace with the Muslims, even when Reynald II of Dampierre, who arrived at the head of 300 French crusaders demanded him to launch a campaign against the Muslims in early 1202. After Aimery reminded him that more than 300 soldiers were needed to wage war against the Ayyubids, Reynald left the Kingdom of Jerusalem for the Principality of Antioch. An Egyptian emir seized a fortress near Sidon and made plundering raids against the neighboring territory. After Al-Adil failed to stop the emir, Aimery's fleet captured 20 Egyptian ships and he broke into Al-Adil's realm. In retaliation, Al-Adil's son, Al-Mu'azzam Isa plundered the region of Acre. In May 1204, the fleet of Aimery sack a small town at the Nile Delta in Egypt. The envoys of Aimery and Al-Adil signed a new truce for six years in September 1204. Al-Adil ceded Jaffa and Ramleh to the Kingdom of Jerusalem and simplified the Christian pilgrims' visits in Jerusalem and Nazareth.

paragraph: After eating excess of white mullet, Aimery fell seriously ill. He died after a short illness on 1 April 1205. His six-year-old son, Hugh I, succeeded him in Cyprus; and his widow continued to rule the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Historian Mary Nickerson Hardwicke described Aimery as a "self-assured, politically astute, sometimes hard, seldom sentimentally indulgent" ruler. His rule was a period of peace and consolidation. The lawyers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem especially held him in high esteem. He decided to revise the laws of the Kingdom of Jerusalem to specify royal prerogatives. John of Ibelin emphasized that Aimery had governed both Cyprus and Jerusalem "well and wisely" until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Aimery's first wife, Eschiva of Ibelin, was the elder daughter of Baldwin of Ibelin, Lord of Mirabel and Ramleh, and Richelda of Beisan. Their children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burgundia, married Walter of Montbéliard, who was regent for her younger brother, Hugh I of Cyprus, from 1205 to 1210.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helvis, was the wife of Raymond-Roupen, who was Prince of Antioch from 1216 to 1219.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy, died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- John, died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh I, married Alice of Champagne

paragraph: Aimery's second wife, Isabella I of Jerusalem, was the only daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem and Maria Komnene. Their children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sybilla, was the second wife of Leo I, King of Armenia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melisende married Bohemond IV of Antioch.

paragraph: BULLET::::- a son died in childhood, 2 February 1205.

description: King of Jerusalem

wikidata_label: Amalric II of Jerusalem

wikipedia_title: Aimery of Cyprus