text:
Ostoja coat of arms
Prince-bishop
Warmia
theology
philosophy
Braniewo
Rome
Holy Orders
bishop of Płock
Marcin Szyszkowski
Czerwińsk
abbot
royal court
Polish king
Sigismund III Vasa
official rank
Stefan Sadorski
Bishop of Kraków
Warmia
chapter
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Władysław IV Waza
Prince-Bishop
Frombork
Lidzbark Warmiński
Stoczek Klasztorny
Hermann von Prag
seminary
George William of Brandenburg
economic
Ducal Prussia
Sambia
Catholics
cathedral
Ostoja coat of arms
Clan of Ostoja
Marcin Szyszkowski

categories: 1590 births,Burials at Frombork Cathedral,Clan Ostoja,Bishops of Warmia,Polish nobility,17th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1643 deaths,Polish Princes of the Holy Roman Empire

paragraph: Mikołaj Szyszkowski

paragraph: Nicolaus or Mikołaj Szyszkowski (1590–1643) of Ostoja coat of arms was a Prince-bishop of Warmia from 1633 until his death in 1643.

paragraph: Born around 1590, he was the son of Jan and Anna z Ujejskich. He began his studies (in the fields of theology and philosophy) in Braniewo (Braunsberg), and continued them abroad, in Rome. He received the Holy Orders from his relative, Prince of Sieradz and bishop of Płock, Marcin Szyszkowski, and also because of his relative he got holdings ('beneficja') in Czerwińsk (where he was an abbot) and elsewhere. In the royal court of the Polish king Sigismund III Vasa he achieved the official rank of Great Secretary, and it was then that he became a colleague of Stefan Sadorski. After the death of his relative, bishop Marcin (who in time advanced from the position of Bishop of Płock to the Bishop of Kraków) managed the Kraków Bishopry for two years.

paragraph: In 1632 he became a member of the Warmian chapter, and with the support of the new king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Władysław IV Waza, in 1633 he was chosen to become Prince-Bishop of Warmia. As Frombork (Frauenburg ) was occupied by the Swedes, he resided in Lidzbark Warmiński (Heilsberg). After the end of the hostilities with Sweden, he funded a new church in Stoczek Klasztorny, a town 11 km east of Lidzbark Warmiński, founded in 1349 by Warmian bishop Hermann von Prag. Stoczek Klasztorny, founded at a spring, became popular with pilgrims and the church dedicated to Mary as the spring of peace. He restarted the seminary in Braniewo and spent much of his personal funds reconstructing churches and monasteries damaged in the recent fighting. Working together with George William of Brandenburg, he issued a new set of laws regulating economic life. Similar laws were enacted in Ducal Prussia.

paragraph: Prince-Bishop Szyszkowski, known to also use the title of 'Bishop of Sambia' (biskup sambijski) was also known as the protector of Catholics in Ducal Prussia. He died on 7 February in Lidzbark Warmiński and was buried in the cathedral in Frombork.

paragraph: The Stoczek Klasztorny church dedicated to Mary was elevated to a 'Basilica Minor' in 1997.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ostoja coat of arms

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clan of Ostoja

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marcin Szyszkowski

description: Prince-Bishop of Warmia

wikidata_label: Mikołaj Szyszkowski

wikipedia_title: Mikołaj Szyszkowski


text:
Miura Yoshiaki
Sugimoto Yoshimune
Heike
Wada Yoshinao
Asahina Yoshihide
Wada Yoshishige
Wada Tanenaga
Noriyori
Battle of Dan-no-ura
Kiso Yoshinaka
Fujiwara Yasuhira
Minamoto no Yoritomo
Regents
Kazusa
Meiji period

categories: 1213 deaths,Japanese warriors killed in battle,Samurai,1147 births

paragraph: Wada Yoshimori

paragraph: He was the son of Miura Yoshiaki and grandson of Sugimoto Yoshimune, making him a descendant of the Heike. Among his sons were Wada Yoshinao, Asahina Yoshihide, and Wada Yoshishige. He also had a nephew, Wada Tanenaga.

paragraph: Yoshimori "was attached to Noriyori as his "saburai daisho" (general of soldiers)." He fought in the battle of Ichi-no-Tani (1184).

paragraph: He also fought in the Battle of Dan-no-ura, where he engaged Chikakiyo of Iyo in an archery duel.

paragraph: Later, he participated in the campaign against Kiso Yoshinaka (1184) and Fujiwara Yasuhira (1189).

paragraph: Like many others, he and his family became victims of the struggle for power that followed the death of the first Kamakura shōgun Minamoto no Yoritomo. Tension had been growing between the Hōjō Regents and Wada, and open war started when Wada Yoshinao, Wada Yoshishige and Wada Tanenaga were accused of conspiracy and arrested. Yoshimori, who was in Kazusa, returned to Kamakura and managed to free his two sons. Tanenaga was however detained and exiled to Mutsu province. War ensued (the so-called ) and in 1213 he was defeated and killed together with his family. The Wada are traditionally supposed to be buried in the Wadazuka Mound in Kamakura, however this is only an unproven theory born after excavations "in situ" during the Meiji period.

description: Japanese samurai

wikidata_label: Wada Yoshimori

wikipedia_title: Wada Yoshimori


text:
British
meteorologist
tephigram
temperature
Birmingham
King Edward's School, Birmingham
Cambridge University
University of Berlin
Berlin
Cavendish Laboratory
Royal Society
Imperial College, London
tephigram
George V
Royal Meteorological Society
Royal Society of Edinburgh
air pollution
smog
London
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Symons Gold Medal
Royal Meteorological Society
Royal Medal
ICM
Royal Society c.v.
Royal Society certificate of election

categories: 1854 births,Recipients of the Buys Ballot Medal (Netherlands),Fellows of the Royal Society,English meteorologists,Knights Bachelor,People from Birmingham, West Midlands,1945 deaths,Presidents of the Royal Meteorological Society,Royal Medal winners

paragraph: Napier Shaw

paragraph: Sir William Napier Shaw (4 March 1854 – 23 March 1945) was a British meteorologist. He introduced the tephigram, a diagram of temperature changes.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Shaw was born at 84 Vyse Street in Birmingham the son of Charles Thomas Shaw, a goldsmith and jeweller, and his wife, Kezia Lauden. He was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham.

paragraph: He studied at Cambridge University graduating MA in 1876, then at the University of Berlin in Berlin.

paragraph: Returning to Britain he began as a Demonstrator in Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory linked to Cambridge University in 1879. In 1887 he began lecturing in Experimental Physics. In 1898 he became Assistant Director of the Cavendish Laboratory.

paragraph: In 1891, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

paragraph: In 1900 he became Secretary of the Meteorological Council. From 1905 to 1907 he was Director of the Meteorological Office. In 1907 he became the first Professor of Meteorology at Imperial College, London.

paragraph: In 1911 he served as President of the International Meteorological Committee. In 1915, he developed the tephigram. He was knighted by King George V later than year.

paragraph: He was President of the Royal Meteorological Society 1918/19. In 1933 he was elected an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

paragraph: Shaw also studied air pollution, and was the first to study and discuss smog and look at its health problems.

paragraph: Shaw retired in 1924 aged 70 and died in London aged 91.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1885 he married Sarah Jane Dugdale Harland (d.1923). They had no children.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Practical Physics" (1893)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forecasting Weather" (1911)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Articles on ""Dew"", ""Fog"",""Squall"" and ""Sunshine"" in Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Smoke Problem of Great Cities" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manual of Meteorology" (1926) plus several later editions

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910: He was awarded the Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923: He was awarded a Royal Medal by the Royal Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924: He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Toronto.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Society c.v.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Society certificate of election

description: English meteorologist

wikidata_label: Napier Shaw

wikipedia_title: Napier Shaw


text:
Tombstone, Arizona
John Slaughter
Viola
Apache
Mexico
Arizona
Daniel Boone
newspapers
Photographers
San Bernardino Ranch
Apache Campaign (1896)

paragraph: Apache May Slaughter

paragraph: Apache May Slaughter (c.1895-1900) was the adopted daughter of Tombstone, Arizona sheriff John Slaughter and his wife Viola.

paragraph: Apache May was found by John Slaughter as he was following a group of Apaches in Mexico. She had been abandoned to her luck by her natural parents. John Slaughter returned to Arizona with Apache May. When she was adopted by the couple, she also became Daniel Boone's great great great granddaughter.

paragraph: Apache May's name came from her background, and her month of birth. Calculating her age, the Slaughters were convinced she was born in the month of May of that year.

paragraph: Section::::Young Celebrity.

paragraph: Apache May Slaughter became a young celebrity across Arizona, because many newspapers and publications speculated about the girl's natural parents, her relation to the Apaches and whether those factors would affect her personality in the future and turn her into a violent person without morals. Photographers were no strangers to the small girl; she was constantly pictured and appeared in most Arizona publications of the era.

paragraph: The Slaughters loved Apache May. She usually wore dresses made out of posters of different kinds. These were chosen for her by the Slaughters, who supposed that she would look outstanding in the small dresses.

paragraph: Apache May died at the Slaughters' San Bernardino Ranch when one of her dresses caught fire as she was playing near a pot with boiling water.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Apache Campaign (1896)

description: Apache girl

wikidata_label: Apache May Slaughter

wikipedia_title: Apache May Slaughter


text: Bergamo

text: Saxony

text: Kapellmeister

text: Mattheus Le Maistre

text: Maurice

text: battle of Sievershausen

text: Misnian

text: Freiberg

text: Dresden

text: "Bona sera, come stai cor mio"

categories: Italian male classical composers,People from Bergamo,Renaissance composers,Italian classical composers,1580 deaths,1517 births

paragraph: Antonio Scandello

paragraph: Antonio Scandello (January 17, 1517 – January 18, 1580) was an Italian composer, born in Bergamo. He worked as musician at the court of the Electors of Saxony in Dresden. In 1549 he became court-bandmaster, and in 1568 Kapellmeister succeeding Mattheus Le Maistre. His music combines elements of the Italian Renaissance with German musical traditions.

paragraph: Scandella composed a memorial mass for the Saxon Elector Maurice (Missa super Epithaphum Mauritii), who had been wounded to death at the battle of Sievershausen. The mass is based on a motet on the Latin epitaph of Maurice by the headmaster Georg Fabricius of the Misnian princely school. It was conducted at the burial of the Elector in the Freiberg minster in 1562.

paragraph: Scandella died in 1580 in Dresden.

paragraph: Section::::Music sample.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bona sera, come stai cor mio"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beati omnes qui timent Dominum - facsimile in The Royal Library, Copenhagen

description: Italian composer

wikidata_label: Antonio Scandello

wikipedia_title: Antonio Scandello


text:
rapper
songwriter
record producer
Long Island
New York
stage name
Madvillain
Madlib
Danger Doom
Danger Mouse
Ghostface Killah
JJ Doom
Jneiro Jarel
NehruvianDoom
Bishop Nehru
Czarface Meets Metal Face
Czarface
London
Trinidadian
Zimbabwe
Long Island
New York
British citizen
American citizenship
KMD
DJ Subroc
Artists and repertoire
3rd Bass
Elektra Records
The Cactus Album
Mr. Hood
Yo! MTV Raps
Rap City
Black Bastards
Nassau Expressway
pickaninny
sambo
Manhattan
New York City
Atlanta
open-mic events
Nuyorican Poets Café
Marvel Comics
Doctor Doom
Ego Trip
Gladiator
"Bobbito" García
Fondle 'Em Records
LP
Monsta Island Czars
Godzilla
King Ghidorah
Toho
Godzilla
Prince Paul
MC Paul Barman
Paullelujah!
Phofo
Kurious
Vaudeville Villain
Special Herbs
Take Me to Your Leader
Vaudeville Villain
Venomous Villain
Mm.. Food
Minnesota
Rhymesayers Entertainment
Madvillainy
Madlib
Madvillain
Stones Throw Records
Rolling Stone
The Washington Post
The New York Times
The New Yorker
Spin
The Mouse and the Mask
DJ Danger Mouse
Danger Doom
Epitaph
Lex
Cartoon Network
Adult Swim
Aqua Teen Hunger Force
Gorillaz
Demon Days
Ghostface Killah
Fishscale
More Fish
Nature Sounds
Born Like This
Madvillain
Stones Throw Records
Chrome Children
Madvillainy 2: The Madlib Remix
Occult Hymn
Kidrobot
Perfect Hair Forever
The Boondocks
Kanye West
Sónar
The Roundhouse
Ghostface Killah
Jneiro Jarel
Gorillaz
Portishead
Bestival
JJ Doom
Complex Volume 1
Thom Yorke
Jonny Greenwood
Dave Sitek
Record Store Day
Key to the Kuffs
Damon Albarn
Beth Gibbons
Khujo Goodie
Goodie Mob
Dungeon Family
Adult Swim Singles Program 2013
Earl Sweatshirt
Thundercat
NehruvianDoom
Flying Lotus
Grand Theft Auto V
The Avalanches
Frankie Sinatra
Black Thought
Czarface
Czarface Meets Metal Face
Cookin' Soul
The New Yorker
Nuwaubian Nation
Instagram

categories: Nuwaubianism,English male rappers,People from Long Beach, New York,20th-century English singers,East Coast hip hop musicians,Rhymesayers Entertainment artists,Five percenters,Masked musicians,20th-century male singers,1971 births,English people of Trinidad and Tobago descent,Black British male rappers,English people of Zimbabwean descent,21st-century English singers,Living people,21st-century male singers

paragraph: MF Doom

paragraph: Daniel Dumile (born 1971), better known by his stage name MF Doom (stylized as MF DOOM), is a US-based English rapper, songwriter, and record producer from Long Island, New York. Best known for his "super villain" stage persona and unique lyrics, Dumile has taken on several stage names in his career. He has appeared in several collaborative projects such as Madvillain (with Madlib), Danger Doom (with Danger Mouse), Doomstarks (with Ghostface Killah), JJ Doom (with Jneiro Jarel), NehruvianDoom (with Bishop Nehru), and Czarface Meets Metal Face (with Czarface).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Dumile was born on 9 January 1971 in London, England, the son of a Trinidadian mother and a Zimbabwean father. His family moved to Long Island, New York, when he was a child; Dumile remains a British citizen and has not gained American citizenship.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:1988–1993: Career beginnings with KMD.

paragraph: As Zev Love X he formed the group KMD in 1988 with his younger brother DJ Subroc and another MC called Rodan. When Rodan left the group, Zev found another MC, Onyx the Birthstone Kid, to replace Rodan. Artists and repertoire representative Dante Ross learned of KMD through the hip hop group 3rd Bass and signed the group to Elektra Records. Dumile and KMD's recording debut came on 3rd Bass's song "The Gas Face" from "The Cactus Album", followed in 1991 with KMD's album "Mr. Hood", which became a minor hit through its singles "Peachfuzz", "Who Me?" and heavy video play on cable TV's "Yo! MTV Raps" and "Rap City".

paragraph: In 1993, just before the release of the second KMD album, "Black Bastards", Subroc was struck by a car and killed while attempting to cross the Nassau Expressway, and that same week the group was dropped from Elektra Records. The album was shelved before it was released due to its controversial cover art, which featured a cartoon of a stereotypical pickaninny or sambo character being hanged. After the death of his brother, Dumile retreated from the hip hop scene from 1994 to 1997, living "damn near homeless, walking the streets of Manhattan, sleeping on benches". In the late 1990s, he left New York City and settled in Atlanta. According to interviews with Dumile, he was also "recovering from his wounds" and swearing revenge "against the industry that so badly deformed him". "Black Bastards" had become bootlegged at the time, leading to Doom's rise in the underground hip hop scene.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:1997–2001: "Operation Doomsday" and production work.

paragraph: In 1997, Dumile began freestyling incognito at open-mic events at the Nuyorican Poets Café in Manhattan, obscuring his face by putting a woman's stocking over his head. He meanwhile had taken on a new identity, MF Doom, patterned after and wearing a mask similar to that of Marvel Comics super-villain Doctor Doom, who is depicted rapping on the cover of the 1999 album "". The album, in an earlier incarnation, would have been called "The Super M.F. Villains" according to an interview published in 1998 by hip-hop music culture magazine Ego Trip. Later versions of the mask would be based on a prop mask obtained from the film Gladiator. He wore this mask while performing and isn't photographed without it, except for very short glimpses in videos such as Viktor Vaughn's "Mr. Clean", "?", and in earlier photos with KMD.

paragraph: Dumile released three singles on "Bobbito" García's Fondle 'Em Records, "Dead Bent", "Greenbacks" (1997), and "The M.I.C." (1998). In 1999 Fondle 'Em released MF Doom's first full-length LP, "", which included these singles and their b-sides, and additional tracks. Dumile had used the spelling variant "M.F. Doom" for the singles' releases, but thereafter changed this to MF Doom. Among the collaborators on these tracks were fellow members of the Monsta Island Czars collective (The M.I.C.), for which each artist took on the persona of a monster from the Godzilla mythos. Dumile went by the alias King Geedorah, a three-headed golden dragon space monster, modeled after King Ghidorah, the Toho movie monster who was a three-headed dragon that often battled Godzilla. Some of his appearances on the LP are as, and are credited to, this persona instead of that of MF Doom. Dumile would revisit this character later under various name-spellings.

paragraph: In 2001, he began working with Prince Paul, co-producing MC Paul Barman's "Paullelujah!" with MikeTheMusicGuy and Phofo. In 2002, he appeared on the Sound-Ink's Colapsus collection, on a very hard to find track titled "Monday Nite at Fluid", featuring Kurious with production by King Honey, who also produced some tracks for Dumile's album "Vaudeville Villain".

paragraph: Dumile has produced all the instrumentation tracks for his solo releases, with very few exceptions. Beginning in 2001, under the "Metal Fingers" moniker, Dumile began releasing his "Special Herbs" instrumentals series. Many of these beats can be heard as the instrumentation tracks throughout his body of work. A separate website catalogs for which tracks each instrumental has been used.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:2002–2004: King Geedorah, Viktor Vaughn, Madvillain.

paragraph: In 2003, Dumile released the King Geedorah album "Take Me to Your Leader". Geedorah is credited as producer, but only appears as an MC on four tracks. The majority of vocal tracks feature guest MCs, and the album features several instrumental montages of sampled vocals from old movies and TV shows—a technique employed on most of Dumile's albums. Later in 2003, Dumile released the LP "Vaudeville Villain" under the moniker Viktor Vaughn (another play on Doctor Doom, whose "real name" is "Victor von" Doom). In 2004 he released a follow-up LP under the Viktor Vaughn moniker, "Venomous Villain". Later in 2004, the second MF Doom album "Mm.. Food" was released by Minnesota-based label Rhymesayers Entertainment.

paragraph: Doom's first commercial breakthrough came in 2004, with the album "Madvillainy", created with producer Madlib under the group name Madvillain. Released by Stones Throw Records, the album was a critical and commercial success. MF Doom was seen by mainstream audiences for the first time as Madvillain received publicity and acclaim in publications such as "Rolling Stone", "The Washington Post", "The New York Times", "The New Yorker", and "Spin". A video for "All Caps" and a four-date US tour followed the release of "Madvillainy".

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:2005–2009: Danger Doom and Ghostface collaboration.

paragraph: Although still an independent artist, MF Doom took a bigger step towards the mainstream in 2005 with "The Mouse and the Mask", a collaboration with producer DJ Danger Mouse under the group name Danger Doom. The album, released on 11 October 2005 by Epitaph and Lex, was done in collaboration with Cartoon Network's Adult Swim and featured voice-actors and characters from its programs (mostly "Aqua Teen Hunger Force"). Danger Doom reached #41 on the Billboard 200. In 2005, Doom made an appearance on "November Has Come", a track on Gorillaz's 2005 album "Demon Days", which reached #6 on the Billboard 200.

paragraph: Doom produced tracks for both of Ghostface Killah's 2006 albums "Fishscale" and "More Fish", it was also announced that the two were working on a collaboration album together as Doomstarks, then titled "Swift & Changeable". Three tracks have been released since the album was announced, "Angels", which appeared on a "Nature Sounds" compilation in late 2006 (another version appears on Doom's 2009 album "Born Like This"), "Victory Laps" and "Lively Hood" (a 2015 Adult Swim single).

paragraph: The Madvillain song, "Monkey Suite", first appeared on the Adult Swim/Stones Throw Records compilation "Chrome Children", later it appeared on "Madvillainy 2: The Madlib Remix".

paragraph: On May 30, 2006, Adult Swim released the Danger Doom "Occult Hymn" EP, a digital EP, and on July 6 the same year Lex released Danger Doom "Old School EP". The latter includes previously unreleased remixes by Madlib and Danger Mouse. Kidrobot and Stones Throw released an 8" tall Madvillain toy available to coincide with the release of the "Chrome Children" CD/DVD which featured a clip of a live performance of Madvillain. He continued to work with Adult Swim, doing voice-over work as Sherman the Giraffe on "Perfect Hair Forever", being the voice for "The Boondocks" advertisements and previews and hosting their Christmas Eve 2006 programming.

paragraph: Following the success of Danger Doom, he signed a long term agreement with Lex in 2006. With the exception of a handful of guest appearances, there were no Doom releases between mid-2006 and the release of "Born Like This". Doom's "Born Like This" was released on Lex Records on March 24, 2009. The album was Doom's first solo album to chart in the US.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:2010–present: "Key to the Kuffs", "NehruvianDoom", and "Czarface Meets Metal Face".

paragraph: In early 2010, he released the "Gazzillion Ear EP" on Lex which included the Thom Yorke Remix and two mixes by Jneiro Jarel. A further remix by Madvillainz featuring a voicemail message from Kanye West was released online. The release of the "Gazzillion Ear EP" coincided with Doom's first ever live performances outside North America. On 5 March 2010, Lex and Sónar presented the first Doom show in London, at The Roundhouse in Camden. The event was the first of many Doom live performances around the world between early 2010 and the present. These shows included the Lex 10th Anniversary show at The Roundhouse with Ghostface Killah and Jneiro Jarel, performances in Europe with Gorillaz, support for Portishead and performances with Jneiro Jarel at Bestival 2012. During this period Doom released some material on labels other than Lex. On 26 May 2010, part of the track Madvillain "Paper Mill" was released a digital single through Adult Swim. "Expektoration", a live Doom album, was released on 14 September 2010 through Gold Dust Media.

paragraph: Upon completing his European tour, Doom was refused entry into the United States. Regarding the case, he stated that "there's a lot of legalities" and that he was "done with the United States." Doom settled in the UK and began recording an album with fellow Lex artist Jneiro Jarel, under the moniker JJ Doom. Doom contributed two exclusive JJ Doom tracks to the Lex 10th Anniversary compilation album "Complex Volume 1". The tracks were the Doom / Thom Yorke / Jonny Greenwood version of "Retarded Fren" and the Dave Sitek remix of "Rhymin Slang". They were released digitally in December 2011, and were subsequently released on vinyl on Record Store Day 2012. The JJ Doom album "Key to the Kuffs" was released on August 20, 2012, and included guest features from Damon Albarn, Beth Gibbons of Portishead, Khujo Goodie of Goodie Mob and Dungeon Family, and Boston Fielder. On August 19, 2013, an extended version, titled "Key to the Kuffs (Butter Edition)" was released, containing a bonus nine-track EP composed of new tracks and remixes.

paragraph: In February 2013, Ghostface Killah revealed that he and Doom were in the process of choosing tracks for a collaborative album. In August 2013, Doom appeared on the Captain Murphy track "Between Villains" from the "Adult Swim Singles Program 2013" as his alter-ego Viktor Vaughn. The track also featured Earl Sweatshirt and Thundercat. The project was revealed to be an album, titled "NehruvianDoom", and was released" "on October 7, 2014.

paragraph: Doom collaborated with Flying Lotus in November 2014 on the track "Masquatch", which appeared on the FlyLo FM radio station from the reissued "Grand Theft Auto V". In December 2014, Ghostface Killah announced that his and Doom's long-announced collaborative album "Swift & Changeable" would be released in 2015. The date would later be changed to February 2016, although it has not been released.

paragraph: Doom was featured on The Avalanches' single "Frankie Sinatra" in 2016.

paragraph: In 2017, Doom released a track under the Danger Doom alias, entitled "Mad Nice" with features from Black Thought and Vinny Price.

paragraph: In August 2017, a compilation album, "The Missing Notebook Rhymes," was announced, consisting of music from his upcoming projects, as well as songs from other artists that he is featured on. Each track would have been released digitally on the Adult Swim website per week over the course of fifteen weeks, however on 27 September 2017, this arrangement was canceled.

paragraph: In February 2018, Doom and Czarface released "Nautical Depth", the first single from their collaborative album, "Czarface Meets Metal Face". The album was released on March 30, 2018.

paragraph: On 18 December 2018 Doom and Cookin' Soul released "DOOM XMAS", a Christmas remix album.

paragraph: Section::::Use of stand-ins.

paragraph: Dumile has used stand-ins to perform on his behalf. He claimed that he had lost weight and thus looked and sounded different, before his road manager admitted the use of imposters was an intentional choice by Dumile. At one show, an impostor Doom was booed off stage before being replaced by the real artist. In an interview with "The New Yorker", Dumile said that he is both the writer and director and that he "might send a white dude next", adding "whoever plays the character plays the character".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Dumile has lived in London since 2009. Dumile is a former follower of the Nuwaubian Nation.

paragraph: On 18 December 2017, it was announced on Dumile's official Instagram account that his son, King Malachi Ezekiel Dumile, born on 22 February 2003, had passed away.

alias:
Daniel Dumile
Madvillain
JJ DOOM
DOOM
Danger Doom
King Geedorah
Viktor Vaughn
The Super Villain
Metal Fingers
Metal Face DOOM
MF
M.F. Berkhout
MF Doom

description: hip hop artist from America

enwikiquote_title: MF Doom

wikidata_label: MF DOOM

wikipedia_title: MF Doom


text: classical era

text: composer

text: double bass

text: Haydn

text: Mozart

text: Litoměřice

text: Bohemia

text: Jesuits

text: Öttingen-Wallerstein

text: Kapellmeister

text: Mecklenburg-Schwerin

text: symphonies

text: concerto

text: horn

text: Mozart

text: H. C. Robbins Landon

text: Requiem

text: Sterling E. Murray

text: Grove Music Online

text: grovemusic.com

text: A biography of Rosetti (in English)

text: A shorter biography (in English)

text: Horn Concertos of Rosetti

text: Extensive information (in German)

categories: Czech male classical composers,1792 deaths,18th-century Bohemian musicians,18th-century classical composers,1750 births,Classical-period composers,People from Litoměřice,Czech classical composers,Czech expatriates in Germany

paragraph: Antonio Rosetti

paragraph: Francesco Antonio Rosetti (c. 1750 – 30 June 1792, born Franz Anton Rösler, changed to Italianate form by 1773) was a classical era composer and double bass player, and was a contemporary of Haydn and Mozart. The occasional disambiguation with a supposed, but non-existent, "Antonio Rosetti born 1744 in Milan", is due to an error by Ernst Ludwig Gerber in a later edition of his "Tonkünstler-Lexikon" having mistaken Rosetti for an Italian in the first edition of his own Lexikon, and therefore including Rosetti twice - once as an Italian, once as a German-Czech.

paragraph: Rosetti was born around 1750 in Litoměřice, a town in Northern Bohemia, and was originally called Franz Anton Rösler. He is believed to have received early musical training from the Jesuits. In 1773 Rosetti left this native country and joined the Hofkapelle of Prince von Öttingen-Wallerstein, whom he served for sixteen years, before becoming Kapellmeister to the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1789. In 1777, he married Rosina Neher, with whom he had three daughters. In 1781 he was granted leave to spend five months in Paris. Many of the finest ensembles in the city performed his works. Rosetti arranged for his music to be published, including a set of six symphonies published in 1782. He returned to his post, assured of recognition as an accomplished composer. He died only half a year after Mozart on 30 June 1792.

paragraph: Rosetti wrote a great deal of instrumental music, including many symphonies and concertos. Rosetti also composed a significant number of vocal and choral works, particularly in the last few years of his life. Among these are German oratorios including "Der sterbende Jesu" and "Jesus in Gethsemane" (1790) and a German "Hallelujah". He is perhaps best known today for his horn concertos, which Mozart scholar H. C. Robbins Landon suggests (in "The Mozart Companion") may have been a model for Mozart's four horn concerti. Rosetti is also known for writing the Requiem (1776) which was played at a memorial for Mozart in December 1791.

paragraph: Attributing some music to Rosetti is difficult because several other composers with similar names worked at the same time, including Franciscus Xaverius Antonius Rössler.

paragraph: Section::::Works list.

paragraph: Available recordings are listed.

paragraph: Section::::Works list.:Chamber music.

paragraph: Note: The recordings of D19 through D24 above are arrangements for harp.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- H.C. Robbins Landon, "The Concertos: (2) Their Musical Origin and Development," in H.C. Robbins Landon and Donald Mitchell, eds., "The Mozart Companion," NY: Norton, 1956, p. 277. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sterling E. Murray. "Antonio Rosetti", "Grove Music Online", ed. L. Macy (accessed February 5, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Homepage of the Internationale Rosetti Gesellschaft

paragraph: BULLET::::- A biography of Rosetti (in English) at Mozartforum.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- A shorter biography (in English) at Bach-Cantatas.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horn Concertos of Rosetti at Robert Ostermeyer Musikedition

paragraph: BULLET::::- Extensive information (in German) Including complete list of works, at Klassika.info

wikidata_label: Antonio Rosetti

wikipedia_title: Antonio Rosetti


text:
Italian
Rococo
Padua
Orazio Marinali
Vicenza
genre
Villa Ludovico Widmann
Padua
F. A. Bustelli
Nymphenburg porcelain
‘’La Vecchia’’

categories: Italian male sculptors,1762 deaths,18th-century Italian sculptors,1698 births

paragraph: Antonio Bonazza

paragraph: Antonio Bonazza (1698 – c. 1762) was an Italian sculptor of the Rococo.

paragraph: Antonio was the son of Giovanni Bonazza, a prominent sculptor active in Padua (1654–1736), and member of a large family of sculptors. He may have been influenced by Orazio Marinali of Vicenza. Antonio is best known for his sculpture of genre themes, carved in local stone, suggesting characters from the theater for the formal gardens of Villa Ludovico Widmann at Bagnoli near Padua. His genre subjects may have influenced F. A. Bustelli’s porcelain figures produced at Nymphenburg porcelain factory.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘’La Vecchia’’

description: Italian artist

wikidata_label: Antonio Bonazza

wikipedia_title: Antonio Bonazza


text: United States Army

text: Officer

text: Medal of Honor

text: Philippine–American War

text: San Juan River

text: Hugh J. McGrath

text: Philippine Scouts

text: 2nd United States Cavalry

text: 9th Cavalry

text: Infantry and Cavalry School

text: Fort Leavenworth

text: combat at San Juan Hill

text: Elwell S. Otis

text: Thomas M. Anderson

text: Henry W. Lawton

text: Malolos

text: Medal of Honor

text: Jim Crow

text: Pampangan

text: Tagalogs

text: Emilio Aguinaldo

text: General MacArthur

text: Philippine Revolutionary Army

text: Malolos

text: Arlington National Cemetery

text: Philippine Scouts

text: San Juan River

text: List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: American military personnel of the Philippine–American War,United States Army officers,1917 deaths,People from Anna, Illinois,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,1866 births,Burials at Arlington National Cemetery

paragraph: Matthew Arlington Batson

paragraph: Matthew Arlington Batson (24 April 1866 – 13 January 1917) was a United States Army Officer who received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Philippine–American War. 1st Lieutenant Batson was awarded the medal for swimming the San Juan River under enemy fire. He was awarded his medal alongside Captain Hugh J. McGrath who performed the same feat. Batson is most noted, however, for creating the Philippine Scouts.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Batson was born in Anna Illinois, a small agricultural town located on the Illinois Central Railroad in Union County in southern Illinois but grew up in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri. Educated locally, he attended Southern Illinois University for one term. He had two stints of teaching school and spent a year studying law in hopes of passing the bar exam.

paragraph: Section::::Military record.

paragraph: Batson enlisted in the 2nd United States Cavalry on 9 April 1888. His motives for doing so remain obscure. Over the next three years he served in troops M and G and attained the rank of corporal. Based on his service record and his marks on a competitive examination, the War Department offered him a commission as second lieutenant in the 9th Cavalry, one of two Regular Army cavalry regiments that consisted of black enlisted men led by white officers. He accepted on 2 August 1891. He spent the next seven years in the 9th Cavalry, primarily in garrison. He married and started to raise a family. During the academic year 1894–95 he attended the Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Three years later, during the Spanish–American War, he accompanied the 9th Cavalry to Cuba and participated in the V Corps' campaign against Santiago. He had a credible record in combat at San Juan Hill, but the experience left him disillusioned. He felt that officers who had done less than he had received promotion and recognition while he had received none.

paragraph: It was in this frame of mind that on 2 August 1898, Batson was promoted first lieutenant in the 4th Cavalry. Since 1891 promotion in the U.S. Army for all officers was by seniority in branch of service rather than by regiment. His promotion simply indicated that he was the senior cavalry second lieutenant in the Army at that time and that the next available vacancy at the grade of first lieutenant occurred in the 4th Cavalry. It did not constitute official recognition of his service in Cuba.

paragraph: Batson accompanied the 4th Cavalry to the Philippines, arriving in October 1898, and joined the VIII Corps, then occupying only the city of Manila and a small area around the Cavite naval base. Initially, the corps commander, Maj. Gen. Elwell S. Otis, assigned the regiment to the 1st Division, VIII Corps, then commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas M. Anderson and subsequently by Maj. General Henry W. Lawton. Eventually, Otis assigned a few troops of the 4th Cavalry to the 2nd Division but kept the bulk of the regiment with the 1st Division. Batson's troop remained with the 1st Division.

paragraph: Fighting broke out between Philippine and American forces on the night of February 4–5 in what was the first clash of a war known as the Philippine Insurrection in the United States but which subsequent historians have often referred to as the Philippine War or the Philippine–American War. The 2nd Division guarded the northern approaches to Manila; the 1st Division the southern. Once the VIII Corps had cleared the Filipinos from the immediate environs of the city, all the strategic objectives—the only railroad in the Philippines and the Philippine capital at Malolos—lay north of the city. While the 2nd Division attacked north along the rail line toward Malolos, the 1st Division's mission became to keep any elements of the Philippine Army away from the city by launching punitive expeditions into the countryside to break up enemy troop concentrations. Batson continued to demonstrate the cool-headed courage under fire that he had first shown in Cuba. On one of these expeditions to Laguna Province, south of Manila, at the town of Calamba, he swam the San Juan River under fire, flanked enemy forces, and compelled them to retire. His commanding officer recommended him for the Medal of Honor. Two and one-half years later he received it.

paragraph: Sometimes major historical events turn on chance and the actions of seemingly ordinary individuals. Matthew Batson, a mere lieutenant, was one of these. Batson had arrived in the Philippines disenchanted with the Army and unlike most of peers with seven years service in a predominately African-American regiment. Yes, he had acted heroically at San Juan Hill, but so had the black troopers that he led. He was well aware of their qualities but especially of their humanity. So he reached the Islands predisposed to judge people of color on their merits as individuals and not lump them together as racial inferiors. In short, he was moving in exactly the opposite direction of the larger American society of which he was a part. In that America, "Jim Crow" was becoming the law in the South and affecting white attitudes in the North as well.

paragraph: A lieutenant's pay in the Philippines would go much further than in the United States so that sometime after Batson arrived he hired a body servant, a Filipino name Jacinto, whose last name is lost to history. Jacinto was an impressive person. He could already read and write when they first met. Batson studied language with him. Jacinto taught Batson Pampangan; Batson taught Jacinto English. Batson reported to his wife that Jacinto learned English faster than he learned Pampangan. Batson also learned that he came from the town of Macabebe in the province of Pampanga, north and west of Manila. The Macabebes are an ancient ethnic group whose origins are disputed. Since the sixteenth century they have had a fraught relationship with the Tagalogs, the largest ethnic group in the Philippines. Generally, whenever the Tagalogs wanted to do something the Macabebes took a diametrically opposed position. Thus in 1896 when the Tagalogs rose in rebellion against the Spanish, the Macabebes supported the Spanish colonial government. When war broke out between the Americans and the self-proclaimed Philippine Republic led by Emilio Aguinaldo the Macabebes maintained a cool neutrality toward both sides.

paragraph: Batson's impressions about the war were slowly crystallizing in the spring of 1899. He admired the fighting qualities of his opponents. He did not call them "Gugus" or worse use the N-word as so many of his fellow officers did. He discounted the many rumors circulating in the VIII Corps about Filipino atrocities. He saw them as patriots fighting for their country; he wrote his wife that if he was a Filipino he would be fighting the Americans too. He thought to subdue the Islanders would require an Army of 100,000 men and many years—the cost in lives and money was far more, he thought, than the American people could stand. The only solution, he decided, was to raise native troops to fight against the Philippine revolutionary government. They would cost far less to equip and maintain than unacclimated Americans shipped across the Pacific Ocean. With this thought in mind, accompanied by two captains, a newspaper reporter, and forty enlisted men, he set off for the town of Macabebe sometime before June 1, 1899. The idea of raising a company of Macabebes never got off the ground, but he was very impressed with the inhabitants, who warmly welcomed the Americans. He came away even more impressed by their military potential and certain that a native force was not only feasible but necessary for American victory.

paragraph: Batson's subsequent battlefield heroics called him to the attention of his division commander, General Lawton. Lawton, also a Medal of Honor winner---in the Civil War, had the reputation of being one of the bravest officers in uniform. Lawton liked Batson's idea of raising companies of Filipino volunteers and in September convinced a skeptical General Otis to allow Batson to raise two experimental companies of what were soon called "Batson's Macabebe Scouts."

paragraph: Batson quickly organized the first company of 108 men, all of them "well disciplined and brave" veterans of the Spanish colonial army. Within days he and his company had driven the Insurgents out of two villages. Within a week he had recruited another company, also full of veterans. He thought his men could serve as an example to the Americans, especially the volunteers, in discipline and in observing the rules of war. "The men," he told his wife, "were not one-fourth as hard to control as our own men." In October, Lawton, equally enthusiastic, authorized him to organize an additional three companies. And so, still a lieutenant, Batson commanded a reinforced battalion of five companies in what Otis intended would be the ultimate campaign of the war—the campaign that would end Aguinaldo's republic and his Army.

paragraph: General MacArthur had pushed the Philippine Revolutionary Army north of Malolos in the spring but he failed to achieve the decisive victory he had hoped to achieve before the onset of the monsoon season ended active operations. With the monsoon soon to end, Otis planned for MacArthur to make a holding attack along the rail line to fix the Philippine Army in place while Lawton's 1st Division drove north on MacArthur's right flank, trapping the Filipinos on the great central plain by systematically blocking all the passes leading into the mountainous interior of Luzon. Meanwhile, Otis had organized an Expeditionary Brigade under Brig. Gen. Loyd Wheaton to make an amphibious landing from Lingayen Gulf in the Philippine Army's rear.

paragraph: Otis' plan almost worked. Batson was in the lead of the Lawton's advance with what was officially styled the "Squadron of Philippine Cavalry, U.S. Volunteers" using "roads in frightful condition." Lawton had nothing but praise for "...the Macabebes, who have distinguished themselves from the moment of their employment, and are now our main reliance and support." On 19 November 1899, straining every nerve to block Aguinaldo's retreat into the mountains, Batson and his scouts passed through the town of Tubao and advanced down a long canyon. Entrenched Filipino snipers contested their progress; it took some time for the Macabebes to clear the pass. At dusk they approached a ford on the Aringay River, two miles from the town of Aringay. Some 200 entrenched Filipinos guarded the ford, and "a sharp fight" ensued that lasted about twenty-five minutes The scouts carried the ford—and two hours later the town—but they suffered substantial losses while doing so. Not the least of these was Batson, shot in the left foot by a Mauser, while he directed his men from horseback. The wound was a bad one, but Batson typically refused to go to the rear in the one medical litter that accompanied his detachment. One of the scouts has been wounded as well. Batson directed that the scout use the litter. Although weak from loss of blood, he rode to the dressing station.

paragraph: A long convalescence followed. For a time the doctors thought they would have to amputate his foot, but in the end they saved it. While in hospital he heard the shocking news that Lawton was dead—killed in action south of Manila. Eventually, Batson was able to return to duty. He was promoted to major of volunteers but he did not receive the colonelcy and command of a regiment of scouts that he aspired to. The death of Lawton and Otis' return to the United States left no one in a command position in the Philippines who fully understood the role that Batson had played in organizing the scouts.

paragraph: Batson returned to duty with the scouts in March 1900 and was heavily involved in counter-guerrilla operations—with considerable success—for the next year. The incessant activity these operations required undermined his health. An Army doctor who examined him shortly before he returned to the States thought he was on the verge of a nervous breakdown. He mustered out of the volunteer force when it legally dissolved on 30 June 1901, but by then he had received promotion to captain in the Regular Army. His health did not improve even in the less stressful environment of peace-time garrison life. On 6 February 1902 he retired for "Disability in line of duty from wounds received in action." He was only thirty-five. He lived another fifteen years. On two occasions the War Department recalled him to active duty for short stints as a recruiter. While on the second of these assignments, he suddenly died on 13 January 1917. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery Section 2, Lot 3604-WS.

paragraph: The organization he created, now known officially as the Philippine Scouts, continued to grow and eventually included members from other Philippine ethnic groups. By 1903 with the war over the Scouts consisted of multiple regiments with an aggregate strength of 5,000, 40 percent of the total peace-time U.S. Army garrison in the Philippines. By the eve of World War II the Scouts totaled 11,000 men and were organized as infantry, cavalry, and artillery regiments and were noted for their high standards of professionalism.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Batson's Medal of Honor citation reads:

paragraph: for most distinguished gallantry in swimming the San Juan River in the face of the enemy's fire and driving him from his entrenchments, near Calamba, Luzon, P. I., while serving as a lieutenant, 4th Cavalry.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Philippine–American War Medal of Honor recipients

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippine Scouts

alias:
Matthew Batson
Matthew A. Batson

wikidata_label: Matthew Arlington Batson

wikipedia_title: Matthew Arlington Batson


text:
Margrave of Bodonitsa
Zorzi
Republic of Venice
Ottoman Turkish
Francis
Jacob
Sultan Mehmet I
Adrianople
Thermopylae
Nicholas III
rectorate
Pteleon

categories: Marquesses of Bodonitsa,15th-century deaths,Year of birth missing,15th-century Italian people,Zorzi family,Christians of the Crusades

paragraph: Nicholas II Zorzi

paragraph: Nicholas II Zorzi or Giorgi () was the Margrave of Bodonitsa, a member of the Zorzi family of the Republic of Venice, from 1410 to 1414. He was the last Venetian margrave to actually rule before the Ottoman Turkish conquest.

paragraph: He was the son of either Francis or Jacob, brothers and successive margraves of Bodonitsa. He succeeded the latter on his death. He was a prisoner at the court of the Sultan Mehmet I in Adrianople, but was released in accordance with a treaty with Venice. He then ruled for a short while before his territory, which guarded the important pass of Thermopylae, was conquered on 20 June 1414. He then fled to Venice, but was restored to power by another treaty in 1416. However, he ceded his rights to Bodonitsa to his uncle Nicholas III in return for the rectorate of Pteleon. The margravial title was purely nominal after that.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Setton, Kenneth M. (general editor) "A History of the Crusades: Volume III — The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries". Harry W. Hazard, editor. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, 1975.

description: Venetian noble

wikidata_label: Nicholas II Zorzi

wikipedia_title: Nicholas II Zorzi


text:
Marquess of Bodonitsa
Zorzi
Republic of Venice
Nicholas II
Carystus
Guglielma Pallavicini
Nicholas I Zorzi
Republic of Venice
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
King of Hungary
Murad II
Ottoman sultan
Chiara
Nerio II of Athens

categories: Ambassadors of the Republic of Venice,Marquesses of Bodonitsa,Deaths by poisoning,Ambassadors to the Ottoman Empire,Lords of Karystos,1436 deaths,15th-century Italian people,Year of birth unknown,Zorzi family,15th-century diplomats,Christians of the Crusades,Medieval Italian diplomats

paragraph: Nicholas III Zorzi

paragraph: Nicholas III (or II) Zorzi or Giorgi () was the Marquess of Bodonitsa, a member of the Zorzi family of the Republic of Venice, from 1416 to 1436, though the title was purely nominal by then. Before becoming marquess in an exchange with his nephew Nicholas II, he was the baron of Carystus (from 1410). He was a son of Guglielma Pallavicini and Marquess Nicholas I Zorzi.

paragraph: He spent most of his adult career acting as a functionary of the Republic of Venice. He was an ambassador to the courts of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary, and Murad II, the Ottoman sultan. He was poisoned, perhaps by Murad's men, in 1436.

paragraph: His daughter, Chiara, married Nerio II of Athens.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

description: Margrave of Bodonitsa, 1416-1436

wikidata_label: Nicholas III Zorzi

wikipedia_title: Nicholas III Zorzi


href: litunga king tribal%20chief Barotseland Mwanawina%20I Mbuywana Lilundu Mwananyanda%20Liwale Namuso marriage Mubukwanu Silumelume Sipopa%20Lutangu

text:
litunga
king
chief
Barotseland
Mwanawina I
Mbuywana
Lilundu
Mwananyanda Liwale
Namuso
marriage
Mubukwanu
Silumelume
Sipopa Lutangu

paragraph: Mulambwa Santulu

paragraph: Mulambwa Santulu was a "litunga" (king or chief) of Barotseland who ruled 1812 - 1830.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mulambwa Santulu was the third son of the king Mwanawina I, by his wife, Queen Mbuywana.

paragraph: He was a chief of Lilundu, before his accession. He succeeded on the death of his elder brother Mwananyanda Liwale and was opposed by Kusiyo, but eventually triumphed after slaying the Nololo.

paragraph: He established his capital at Namuso and established orchards, tamed and domesticated wild animals and promulgated laws on property and marriage. He died at Lilundu, in the month of July, ca. 1830.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Mulambwa had many children. His sons were kings Mubukwanu and Silumelume and his grandson was Sipopa Lutangu.

paragraph: His children were also Prince Namiluko Mulumbwa, Prince Imbua Mulumbwa (chief), Prince Ilukuyi, Prince Meebelo Ananganga Mulumbwa, Prince Ngela Mulumbwa, Yeta II, and Akelumbela.

paragraph: His daughters were Princess Kandundu ("Mulena Mukwai" of Nololo, she died in 1871), Princess Monambeza (installed as "Mulena Mukwai" of Nololo, she was killed in 1885) and Princess Katoka.

description: Litunga tribal chief

wikidata_label: Mulambwa

wikipedia_title: Mulambwa Santulu


text:
Litunga
Barotseland
Africa
Prince Mbanga
Yubya I
Notulu
Mbuywana
village
Mwananyanda Liwale
Mulambwa Santulu
crown prince
Mubukwanu
Silumelume

paragraph: Mwanawina I

paragraph: Mwanawina I was a "Litunga" (king or chief) of Barotseland in Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mwanawina was the youngest son of Prince Mbanga, 1st Chief of Nalolo, and brother to the king Yubya I. His mother was princess Notulu.

paragraph: He succeeded on the death of his brother.

paragraph: His wives were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lienenu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nolianga

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Mbuywana

paragraph: He died at the village of the Induna Namoyamba.

paragraph: His sons were kings Mwananyanda Liwale and Mulambwa Santulu and princes Yutuluwakaole (crown prince) and Inyambo.

paragraph: His grandsons were prince Mwanang'ono and kings Mubukwanu and Silumelume.

description: King of Barotseland

wikidata_label: Mwanawina I

wikipedia_title: Mwanawina I


text:
Milt Neil
Kubert School
Vermont College of Norwich University
Karl Wirsum
Chicago Imagists
Don Baum
Joseph Seigenthaler
Ernesto Pujol
Rosedale Bible College
Grace College and Seminary
Bluffton University
Goshen College
Chicago Field Museum
Bride
Silence is Madness
Alvin Plantinga
John Warwick Montgomery
Dinesh D’Souza
William Lane Craig
sequential art
apologetic

categories: 21st-century American painters,20th-century American painters,Visionary artists,American male painters,1966 births

paragraph: Don Swartzentruber

paragraph: Don Michael Swartzentruber (swärt-zen-trü-ber) is an American artist. His paintings, printmaking and drawing typically appropriate elements of neo-pop and surrealism. The artist, who signs with his surname, is recognized for his juxtaposition of spiritual themes with lowbrow imagery. Not one to dodge provocative topics, he engages viewers with themes that shift from a rather socratic dialogue to dogmatic sermons.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in 1966, he grew up in Greenwood, Delaware. He studied formally at various programs including character animation with Disney animator Milt Neil at the Kubert School. While earning a MFA in Visual Art at Vermont College of Norwich University he studied with Karl Wirsum (Chicago Imagists), Don Baum, Joseph Seigenthaler, and Ernesto Pujol.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibit highlights.

paragraph: Swartzentruber was raised in a Mennonite home and community. He briefly attended Rosedale Bible College and then Grace College and Seminary. His religious upbringing facilitated his creation of the controversial art exhibit Pop Mennonite. He is one of the first to appropriate Mennonite culture as a theme in contemporary art. The images manifest from cultural critique and autobiography. An audio project accompanied the exhibits at Bluffton University and Goshen College and included Mennonite music.The harshest disapproval of Pop Mennonite bred from Mennonite bloggers reviewing the paintings online.

paragraph: The Totem Triptych collection offered viewers an opportunity to create reader interpretation that was billed on an equal footing as the artist’s authorial intent. The images and essay were published in various literary projects such as "Footsteps to Oxford", "Mung Being", and "5 Trope". The 36triptychs were exhibited at Art Space Lima and the Lincoln Center.

paragraph: Facing the Sublime and the Grotesque collection was awarded an Indiana Arts Commission Grant.The artist built images based on grotesque elements in the mask collection at the Chicago Field Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Commercial art.

paragraph: Swartzentruber also engages in commercial work such as caricatures, illustrations and exhibitions (i.e., musical group Bride “Silence is Madness”). He held positions as a television art director and graphic designer prior to entering education.

paragraph: Section::::Art education.

paragraph: An outspoken advocate and mentor, Swartzentruber has contributed much in the training of students in the arts. He held the post of adjunct professor at Indiana Purdue Fort Wayne University, Grace College, and instructor at Warsaw Community High School. He has lectured at Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture, the Midwest Scholars Conference, and the Art Education Association of Indiana Conference.

paragraph: Section::::Current developments.

paragraph: His studio is in northern Indiana, where he resides with his wife and two sons. In 2008 he received a grant to engage in material dealing with ethics and apologetics. It included the publication of philosophers such as Alvin Plantinga, John Warwick Montgomery, Dinesh D’Souza, and William Lane Craig. The project fell under the title Carnival Sage®. He is said to be working on sequential art that will follow a similar apologetic focus.

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Don Swartzentruber

wikipedia_title: Don Swartzentruber


text:
Cultural Revolution
Wuhu
He Jian
Qian Xingcun
Xia Yan
Xie Bingying
an eponymous painting
Xu Beihong
Franklin Roosevelt
Put Down Your Whip
Pearl S. Buck
Agnes Smedley
Zhu De
Cultural Revolution
芜湖历史名人----王莹
SOSO百科―王莹（著名演员）

categories: 1974 deaths,Writers from Anhui,People persecuted to death during the Cultural Revolution,People from Wuhu,20th-century Chinese singers,Chinese dramatists and playwrights,20th-century Chinese actresses,20th-century dramatists and playwrights,1913 births,Chinese stage actresses,Chinese women novelists,Chinese film actresses,Actresses from Anhui,Singers from Anhui,20th-century novelists

paragraph: Wang Ying (actress)

paragraph: Wang Ying (; March 8, 1913 – March 3, 1974) was a Chinese actress in the 1930s. She rose to be a star of plays and cinema. The most valuable Chinese painting was of her. She was the first Chinese actor to appear for the US President. During the Cultural Revolution she was imprisoned. Her reputation was not re established until after her death.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Wang was born in 1913 in Wuhu when her name was Yu Zhihua. She went to live with her aunt whose family name was Wang. This was after her father sold her as a child bride to a man in Nanjing. She had to leave and she went to Shanghai after she was arrested for writing a critical letter to He Jian.

paragraph: In 1929 she joined an art troupe in Shanghai led by Qian Xingcun and Xia Yan. The writer Xie Bingying renamed her Wang Ying and under that name she starred in three films - Women's Cry, Story of Red Tears and The Same Enemy. Her iconic appearance in the play "Put Down Your Whip" was seen throughout China and abroad and it inspired an eponymous painting by Xu Beihong. This was converted into a postcard and the painting in time became to most valuable painting by a Chinese artist. by 1939 the art troupe was now named the New China Troupe and was touring Asia. Wang was also writing a column for a Shanghai newspaper.

paragraph: Section::::USA.

paragraph: Wang left for the United States in 1942 to improve her education. Whilst there she met President Franklin Roosevelt and his wife and performed the play "Put Down Your Whip" in the White House. She continued to write and her thoughts were published in Chinese American newspapers. She had become a friend of Pearl S. Buck and she assisted Agnes Smedley in writing about Zhu De.

paragraph: When Buck wanted to visit China she found that was unwelcome because she was a friend of Wang Ying's.

paragraph: She was persecuted by Jiang Qing at the time of the Cultural Revolution, and died at age 60. During incarceration, she was called Prisoner No. 6742.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Wang Ying was politically rehabilitated on July 6, 1979.

paragraph: After her death two books "Two Kinds of Americans" and her autobiography novel "Bao Gu" was published. Besides her films she also appeared in paintings.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 芜湖历史名人----王莹

paragraph: BULLET::::- [http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%8E%B9%5B%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E5%A5%B3%E6%98%9F%5D 王莹[民国女星]]

paragraph: BULLET::::- SOSO百科―王莹（著名演员）

description: Chinese actress

wikidata_label: Wang Ying

wikipedia_title: Wang Ying (actress)


paragraph: Uesugi Tsunakatsu

wikidata_label: Uesugi Tsunakatsu

wikipedia_title: Uesugi Tsunakatsu


text: Roermond

text: Wassenaar

text: professor

text: phyllotaxis

text: Microbiology

text: Martinus Willem Beijerinck

text: phyllotaxis

text: Phyllotaxis

text: Douady

text: Couder

text: TU Delft

text: Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences

text: Tessellation

text: Parastichy

text: Life Message G. of Iterson

categories: 1878 births,Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences,1972 deaths,Dutch botanists,Delft University of Technology faculty

paragraph: Gerrit van Iterson

paragraph: "This page was created from the Dutch Wikipedia with the aid of automatic translation"

paragraph: Gerrit van Iterson Jr (Roermond, August 19, 1878 – Wassenaar, January 4, 1972) was a Dutch botanist and professor who developed a mathematical approach to plant growth (phyllotaxis).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Iterson studied in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Polytechnic in Delft from 1897 to 1901. He studied chemistry under H. Behrens and Microbiology under Martinus Willem Beijerinck. He got a PhD in 1907 with a thesis on phyllotaxis, where he fielded a mathematical theory for leaf growth ("Mathematical und Studien über microscopic anatomical Blattstellungen, etc."). He also created a diagram that came to be called the Van Iterson Diagram, based on his studies of how spheres can be arranged in a regular cylindrical pattern called a 'rhombic lattice'.

paragraph: Smith College's "About Phyllotaxis" page notes that the Van Iterson Diagram of plant growth is related to a tiling of the hyperbolic plane.

paragraph: The thesis was somewhat forgotten during the twentieth century, but since the recent work of Douady and Couder it has gained attention.

paragraph: Iterson became professor at Delft. He was also the founder of the Cultuurtuin Technical Crops, today known as the TU Delft Botanical Garden. In 1918 he became a member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences. He retired in 1948.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tessellation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parastichy

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A.D.J. Meeuse, Life Message G. of Iterson 1972, Amsterdam, pp . 122-126

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Page about Gerrit van Iterson on the website of TU Delft

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mathematische und mikroskopisch-anatomische Studien über Blattstellungen. . . , 1907, Google eBook edition of one of Iterson's works

description: Dutch botanist

wikidata_label: Gerrit van Iterson

wikipedia_title: Gerrit van Iterson


text: Medina

text: Medina

text: Ja'far al-Sadiq

text: Isma'ili

text: Nizari

text: Shawwal

text: Hasan bin Ali

text: Ja'far al-Sadiq

text: Abdullah al-Aftah

text: Salamiyah

text: Syria

text: Twelver

text: Al-Baqi'

text: Medina

text: Hijaz

wikipedia_title:
Medina
Medina
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Isma'ilism
Nizari
Shawwal
Hasan ibn Ali
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Abdullah al-Aftah
Salamiyah
Syria
Twelver
Al-Baqi'
Medina
Hejaz
Family tree of Muhammad

categories: Family of Muhammad,722 births,Ismaili imams,Sayyid dynasty,755 deaths,Ismailism,Imams (worship leaders)

image: 512px-(إسمعيل_الديباج_بن_جعفر_الصادق_(رحمه_الله.png

paragraph: Isma'il ibn Jafar

paragraph: Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak (; c. born: 719 AD, Medina - died circa 762 AD, Medina) was the eldest son of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq. He is also known as Isma'il Al-Ãraj ibn Ja'far (اسماعيل الاعرج ابن جعفر الصادق). Following Ja'far's death, the Shia community split between those who would become the Twelver Shia and those who believed that the Imamate passed to Ja'far's son, Isma'il; the Isma'ili branch of Shia Islam is accordingly named for Isma'il. According to both the Nizari and Mustaali Shia sects, he is the rightful successor of the sixth Imam, Jafar al-Sadiq, and the seventh Imam.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Isma'il was born in Shawwal 100 AH/719 AD He was the eldest son of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq. His mother, Fatima bint al-Hussain'l-Athram bin al-Hasan bin Ali, was the first wife of Ja'far al-Sadiq. He was the brother of Abdullah al-Aftah.

paragraph: Isma'ili sources say that, after the age of seven, as his father's designated successor, Isma'il was kept apart from his siblings, limited in his contact with the public, with his father taking personal responsibility for his education. Given his father's reputation as a scholar and the number of distinguished students who sought out his tuition, Isma'il would have received excellent training. It is said that whenever Ja'far was ill and unable to fulfill his duties as Imam, he deputized Isma'il, although his role was restricted to the confines of the home.

paragraph: According to Daftary, Isma'il may have taken part in an anti-Abbasid plot in 755 and identified with the more activist, or militant Shi'a (some of whom split off as the Zaydis). He may have been summoned to the Caliph's court with others to face charges but was spared execution, unlike some of his fellow plotters.

paragraph: To protect him from persecution, his father sent him into hiding and publicly declared him deceased. The majority Twelver groups argue that Isma'il actually died during his father's Imamate in the year 138 AH/756 AD.

paragraph: In about 762, Isma'il may have left Medina for Basra, although this is disputed. He is said to have had a full grasp of the esoteric truth, the inner message of Islam. He was succeeded by his son, Muhammad, as the 8th Isma'ili Imam, who was about 22 at the time. Some Isma'ilis believe that Muhammad bin Isma'il became "hidden" and will return as the Mahdi, to establish universal peace and justice.

paragraph: According to Daftary, Isma'il may have led a revolt against the Abbasids in 815, "and died shortly afterwards". He probably lived in "southwestern Persia ... from where he dispatched his own Dais to adjoining areas".

paragraph: Section::::Burial place.

paragraph: According to some Isma'ili sources, Isma'il ibn Ja'far is buried in Salamiyah, a city located in Syria. Other sources point to Al-Baqi' Madina as his burial place. Twelver Shia's and Sunni Muslims sources have contradicted this, stating that he was buried in Al-Baqi' Medina, the holy Islamic city located in Hijaz.

paragraph: Section::::The Ismāʿīlī–IthnaʿAshari schism.

paragraph: The Ismāʿīlī–Ithnaʿ Ashari split occurred during and after Imam Ja'far al-Sādiq’s lifetime. It was initially thought that Imam Ja'far al-Sādiq’s elder son, Isma'il ibn Ja’far (either first or second eldest to his first wife, Fatima bint al-Hussain) . would be the next Imam, arguably found in both Ismā'īlī and Twelver sources. However, his untimely death prior to Imam Ja’far al-Sādiq’s death, led to multiple splits and theories within the community.

paragraph: What came to be known as Ismā'īlīs, are those who believed that the Imamate should remain within the line of Isma'il ibn Ja’far. It was believed that the designation went to Isma'il ibn Ja'far, and therefore the Imamate should continue through his lineage. His early supporters initially theorized that Isma'il ibn Ja’far’s death was staged, and he went into hiding out of fear for his life from the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansūr. They refused to acknowledge his death, and some even claimed to have seen him after his funeral. However, most Ismā'īlīs later accepted Isma'il ibn Ja’far’s death, and instead followed his son Muhammad ibn Isma'il as the next Imam, since the Imamate could still be continued through Isma'il ibn Ja’far’s lineage. On a theological level, Ismai'lis refuse to acknowledge Imams outside of the lineage of Ismail ibn Ja’far due to the notion of "naṣṣ" (designation) and "‘ișma" (infallibility). Because Shi’as believe that the Imams are infallible and contain special knowledge of the Divine decree, it is inconceivable that Imam Ja'far al-Sādiq would have incorrectly chosen Imam Isma'il ibn Ja’far as his successor and then retract his original "naṣṣ". This would mean that Imam Ja'far al-Sādiq either made a major mistake which would make him fallible, or later claims regarding other designations were forged narrations.

paragraph: Ithna-'Asharis, following the early death of Isma'il ibn Ja’far acknowledged the designation of Imam Ja'far al-Sādiq’s younger son, Mūsā al-Kāẓim, from his slave-wife, Ḥamīda al-Barbariyya. Various hadith reports from the Twelver Shi’i collection contain narrations about the designation of Imam Mūsā al-Kāẓim, along with his exceptional character and wisdom from an early age. Witnesses include some of Imam Jafar al-Sadiq’s sons, ‘Ali and Isḥāq, who affirmed Mūsā al-Kāẓim’s naṣṣ. Other arguments made for Imam Mūsā al-Kāẓim include the passing down of special objects that belonged to the Prophet, ‘Ali and Fatima to the designated Imams. While the early followers (later Twelvers) of Imam Jafar al-Sadiq believed that Isma'il ibn Ja'far might have been the Imam due to his beloved status by his father, some argue that he was neither explicitly designated, nor meant to be, due to his early death. Another mainstream view also purports a “change” or “abrogation” in the Divine Decree, known as "badā’", in which God may abrogate a previous decree for something better. As a result, Imam Ja'far al-Sādiq’s infallibility is not called into question. The Ithna-‘Asharis continued to follow the Imamate from Mūsā al-Kāẓim’s lineage until their twelfth Imam went into Occultation. They await their twelfth Imam as the final Mahdi.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ismaili imams

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family tree of Muhammad#Family tree linking prophets to Imams

description: Ismali Imam

wikidata_label: Isma'il ibn Jafar

wikipedia_title: Isma'il ibn Jafar