text: Slavic

text: Rus'

text: Ragnvald

text: Rogvolod

text: Scandinavia

text: Polatsk

text: Ynglings

text: Norway

text: Novgorod Fourth Chronicle

text: Vladimir the Great

text: Yaropolk I of Kiev

text: Yaroslav the Wise

text: Mstislav of Chernigov

text: Izyaslav of Polotsk

text: Nestor the Chronicler

text: Predslava

text: Boleslaus I of Poland

text: Gallus

text: Norse saga

text: Izyaslavl

text: Mongol invasion

text: Anna Porphyrogeneta

text: Kondraty Ryleev

text: Rogneda

text: Alexander Serov

text: Family life and children of Vladimir I

categories: Belarusian nuns,Kievan Rus' princesses,Violence against women in Belarus,People from Polotsk,962 births,1002 deaths,10th-century Rus' people

paragraph: Rogneda of Polotsk

paragraph: Rogneda of Polotsk (962–1002) is the Slavic name for Ragnhild, a Princess consort of Rus'. She was the daughter of Ragnvald (Slavic: Rogvolod) who came from Scandinavia and established himself at Polatsk in the mid-10th century.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: It has been speculated that Rogneda belonged to the Ynglings royal family of Norway. According to the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle, in or about 980, Vladimir the Great, on learning that she was betrothed to his half-brother Yaropolk I of Kiev, took Polotsk and forced Rogneda to marry him. Having raped Rogneda in the presence of her parents, he ordered them to be killed, along with two of Rogneda's brothers.

paragraph: Rogneda gave him several children. The four sons were Yaroslav the Wise, Vsevolod, Mstislav of Chernigov, and Izyaslav of Polotsk. She also bore two daughters, one of whom is named by Nestor the Chronicler as Predslava (taken as a concubine of Boleslaus I of Poland, according to Gallus). A later chronicle tells a story, most likely taken from a Norse saga, of Rogneda plotting against Vladimir and asking her elder son, Izyaslav, to kill him. As was the Norse royal custom, she was sent with her elder son to govern the land of her parents, i.e. Polotsk. Izyaslav's line continued to rule Polotsk and the newly found town of Izyaslavl until the Mongol invasion.

paragraph: After Vladimir converted to Christianity and took Anna Porphyrogeneta as his wife, he had to divorce all his previous wives, including Rogneda. After that, she entered the convent and took the name Anastasia.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Around 1825 Kondraty Ryleev wrote a narrative poem entitled "Rogneda". This poem became a literary source for her portrayal in the nationalist Russian opera "Rogneda" by Alexander Serov, which premiered in 1865.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family life and children of Vladimir I

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of rape victims from history and mythology

description: Belarusian noble

wikidata_label: Rogneda of Polotsk

wikipedia_title: Rogneda of Polotsk


text: Truman Capote

text: Breakfast at Tiffany's

text: garage rock

text: R&B

text: Thee Headcoats

text: Bruce Brand

text: Billy Childish

text: The Delmonas

text: Thee Headcoatees

text: rhythm and blues

text: rockabilly

text: Billy Childish

text: Rocket from the Crypt

text: The White Stripes

text: Broken Flowers

text: The Greenhornes

text: Ray Davies

text: covers

text: Lawyer Dave

text: The Brokeoffs

text: You Can't Buy A Gun When You're Crying

text: Lord Carrett

text: Americana

text: The White Stripes

text: Elephant

text: garage rock

text: Damaged Goods

text: Sympathy for the Record Industry

text: Serial Girlfriend

text: Billy Childish

text: Dan Melchior

text: Truly She Is None Other

text: Slowly but Surely

text: You Can't Buy a Gun When You're Crying

text: Dirt Don't Hurt

text: Medicine County

text: No Help Coming

text: My First Holly Golightly Album

text: Official website

text: Record Label

text: November 2008 Interview

text: L.A. Record

categories: Independent Music Awards winners,English female guitarists,Garage punk musicians,English singer-songwriters,1966 births,British indie rock musicians,English female singers,Sympathy for the Record Industry artists,English punk rock singers,Living people

paragraph: Holly Golightly (singer)

paragraph: Holly Golightly (born Holly Golightly Smith on 7 September 1966) is a British singer-songwriter. Her mother christened her after the self-antagonist in Truman Capote's "Breakfast at Tiffany's". Her musical style ranges from garage rock to R&B.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: While she was dating Thee Headcoats' drummer Bruce Brand she had an impromptu singing performance with his band. Billy Childish, founder of the Headcoats, added her to the line up of The Delmonas and changed the name to Thee Headcoatees. Thee Headcoatees were primarily a garage band that backed up the Thee Headcoats. In 1995 she started her solo career but continued to be an active member of Thee Headcoatees until they disbanded in 1999. For her solo career, she draws from rhythm and blues, rockabilly, and sounds of the 1960s or earlier. She has released 13 albums of her own and has collaborated with other musicians, such as Billy Childish, Rocket from the Crypt and The White Stripes. She performed two songs on the soundtrack of the film "Broken Flowers": "There Is an End (featuring Holly Golightly)" by The Greenhornes & Holly Golightly (which can also be found on the Greenhornes' album "Dual Mono"), and "Tell Me Now So I Know" by Holly Golightly (found on the album "Truly She Is None Other"), which is a song originally written by Ray Davies.

paragraph: She is a collector of rare old songs which she often covers.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:2000s.

paragraph: Golightly formed a duo in the mid-2000s, recording and touring extensively with her longtime bandmate Lawyer Dave. As Holly Golightly and The Brokeoffs, they released five albums and one EP between 2007 and 2012. Their first album, "You Can't Buy A Gun When You're Crying", is a reference to comedian Lord Carrett's joke "I learned a lot from my second marriage... I learned they won't sell you a handgun if you're crying..." Holly Golightly & The Brokeoffs were winners of the ninth annual Independent Music Awards for the best Americana album, "Dirt Don't Hurt". In 2003, she sang with The White Stripes on the track "It's True That We Love One Another" on their fourth album, "Elephant". "Time Out New York" described her as an "English garage rock doyenne." In 2012, they released "Sunday Run Me Over", their first album recorded entirely at their home in rural Georgia.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:LPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Good Things" (1995, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Main Attraction" (1996, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Laugh It Up" (1996, Vinyl Japan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Painted On" (1997, Sympathy for the Record Industry)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Serial Girlfriend" (1998, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Blood" (1999, with Billy Childish, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "God Don't Like It" (2000, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Desperate Little Town" (2001, with Dan Melchior, Sympathy for the Record Industry)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Truly She Is None Other" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slowly but Surely" (2004, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slowtown Now!" (2015, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Do The Get Along" (2018, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holly Golightly & the Brokeoffs

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Can't Buy a Gun When You're Crying" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nobody Will Be There" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dirt Don't Hurt" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Medicine County" (2010, Transdreamer Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Help Coming" (2011, Transdreamer Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Long Distance" (2012, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sunday Run Me Over" (2012, Transdreamer Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All Her Fault" (2014, Transdreamer Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coulda Shoulda Woulda" (2015, Transdreamer Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clippety Clop" (2018, Transdreamer Records)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Lives and compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Up the Empire" (1998, Live, Sympathy for the Record Industry)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live in America" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Singles Round-Up" (2000, compilation, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Down Gina's at 3" (2004, live)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at Maxwell's 24 November 2004" (2004, live)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My First Holly Golightly Album" (2005, compilation with eight new songs)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Down The Line" (2006, compilation, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "nobody will be there" (Holly Golightly & The Brokeoffs, 2011, live, Damaged Goods)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles, EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jiggy Jiggy with Holly Golightly" EP (1994), Vinyl Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Virtually Happy" (1995), Damaged Goods

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mary-Ann" EP (1996), Vinyl Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Big Thing" (1996), Hangman's Daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Girl in the Shower" (1996), Super Electro

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pinky Please Come Back" (1996), Super Electro

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come the Day" (1996), Damaged Goods

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Believe Me" (1997), Sympathy for the Record Industry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Listen/Rain Down Rain" (1999), KRS

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walk a Mile" (2003), Damaged Goods

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the Fire" (2005), Damaged Goods

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Christmas Tree on Fire" (2006), Damaged Goods

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My 45" (2008), Damaged Goods (Holly Golightly & the Brokeoffs)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Devil Do" EP (2009), Transdreamer Records (Holly Golightly & the Brokeoffs)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seven Wonders" (2015), Damaged Goods

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Record Label

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holly Golightly Interview (in Greek) by mixtape.gr

paragraph: BULLET::::- November 2008 Interview with L.A. Record

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Holly Golightly

wikipedia_title: Holly Golightly (singer)


text:
friar
Dominican Order
King Charles II of Spain
Bishop of Sigüenza
Catholic Church in Spain

categories: Spanish bishops,Spanish Dominicans,1692 deaths,Dominican bishops,1621 births,Bishops of Sigüenza

paragraph: Tomás Carbonell (bishop)

paragraph: Baltasar Tomás Carbonell y Sánchez (1621 – April 1692) was a Spanish friar of the Dominican Order. He served as royal confessor to King Charles II of Spain twice: from 1676 to 1678 and from 1682 to 1686. He was also the Bishop of Sigüenza from 1677 until his death in 1692.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in Spain

wikidata_label: Tomás Carbonell

wikipedia_title: Tomás Carbonell (bishop)


text: Madeleine Fasnacht

categories: 1999 births,Australian female cyclists,Living people

paragraph: Madeleine Fasnacht

paragraph: Madeleine Fasnacht (born 17 October 1999) is an Australian cyclist, who made the switch from long distance running and triathlon in mid-2015 to road racing due to medical conditions that hampered her running.

paragraph: Section::::Major Results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madeleine Fasnacht at Pro Cycling Stats

description: Australian cyclist

wikidata_label: Madeleine Fasnacht

wikipedia_title: Madeleine Fasnacht


text: Manassas, Virginia

text: bluegrass

text: musician

text: Southwest Virginia

text: Danny Knicely

text: Will Lee

text: barbecue

text: Disney

text: Tokyo Disneyland

text: John Flower

text: Fauquier County, Virginia

text: Telluride, Colorado

text: Cajun

text: jam band

text: Leftover Salmon

text: Ralph Stanley

text: Shenandoah Valley

text: Gary Ruley

text: David Grisman

text: music theory

text: bass

text: Buzz

text: The Great Dobro Sessions

text: Jerry Douglas

text: Tut Taylor

text: Billy Constable

text: Crocodile Man

text: Vassar Clements

text: Tony Rice

text: Yonder Mountain String Band

text: Fred Tackett

text: Paul Barerre

text: Hot Tuna

text: Davisson Brothers Band

text: Adam Aijala

text: Washington

text: Oregon

text: Northern California

text: Caribbean

text: Steep Canyon Rangers

text: Bahamas

text: Tim O'Brien

text: Punch Brothers

text: Del McCoury Band

text: David Grisman Sextet

text: Travelin' McCourys

text: Jeff Austin

text: Danny Barnes

text: Mumford & Sons

text: Ohio

text: Oklahoma

text: The String Cheese Incident

text: Live Oak, Florida

text: Lockn' Festival

text: New Grass Revival

text: Sam Bush

text: New Year's Eve

text: Oscar Blues Brewery

text: Brevard, North Carolina

text: Jon Stickley Trio

text: Acoustic Syndicate

text: Deep South

text: Dangermuffin

text: Darol Anger

text: Scott Law

text: FloydFest

text: Fats Waller

text: Honeysuckle Rose

text: Blind Willie Johnson

text: God Moves on Water

text: Natural Bridge, Virginia

text: Mike Brantley

text: John Hartford

text: Ben Eldridge

text: The Dillards

text: Grammy Award

text: New Grass Revival

text: The Great Dobro Sessions

text: Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?

text: Stanley Brothers

text: Hank Williams

text: Doc Watson

text: The Country Gentlemen

text: jam session

text: Appalachian

text: Classic Country

text: Tom T. Hall

text: Bill Monroe

text: Leroy Drumm

text: Cripple Creek

text: Ryan Adams

text: Amy Winehouse

text: Butthole Surfers

text: Fredericksburg, Virginia

text: Tony Rice

text: Arlington, Virginia

text: Peter Rowan

text: Steep Canyon Rangers

text: NPR

text: flatpicking

text: Flatpicking Guitar Magazine

text: cellist

text: Rushad Eggleston

text: Wyatt Rice

text: MerleFest

text: Del McCoury Band

text: Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album

text: The Company We Keep

text: "Billboards

text: Heatseeker Albums

text: Mexico

text: Yonder Mountain String Band

text: Railroad Earth

text: Sam Bush Band

text: Greensky Bluegrass Band

text: Appalachian music

text: Natural Bridge (Virginia)

text: Flatpicking

text: Official Website

text: Free Larry Keel music

categories: American folk musical groups,American bandleaders,20th-century American guitarists,People from Manassas, Virginia,American country music groups,American bluegrass guitarists,American bluegrass music groups,Musical groups from Virginia,1968 births,Musical groups established in 1996,Living people,People from Lexington, Virginia

paragraph: Larry Keel

paragraph: Larry Keel (born November 25, 1968 in Manassas, Virginia) is a bluegrass musician "reared in" Southwest Virginia who's been performing "seriously" since 1976. He was a founding member of Magraw Gap in 1990 with Danny Knicely and Will Lee. He performs with his wife, bassist Jenny Keel, in The Larry Keel Experience — and with other musicians in other groups. He has released over a dozen albums, the latest being "Experienced" in 2016, which he recorded with his group, Larry Keel Experience. He is married to his bass player, Jenny Keel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early.

paragraph: Larry Keel was born in Manassas, Virginia in 1968. He was taught guitar by his father James Keel, who played banjo. His brother Gary, who played guitar — and was twelve years older — bought him one when he was seven. He began playing seriously in 1975. Between 1976 and 1985 he performed bluegrass music in a number of "semi-professional situations", e.g., bluegrass and fiddler conventions, community events, barbecues, etc.

paragraph: In 1986 was hired by Disney as a contract musician to perform at Tokyo Disneyland when he was 18. Returning to the United States, he met bluegrass musicians John Flower and Mark Vann in Fauquier County, Virginia in 1989 and together they began exploring "progressive string music" in a band they formed named Farmer's Trust. In 1990, Mark Vann (1963-2002) moved to Telluride, Colorado to help found the "Cajun-influenced jam band" Leftover Salmon.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Magraw Gap.

paragraph: In 1990, Keel and "long-time musical friend" Will Lee — son of guitarist Ricky Lee from Ralph Stanley's band in the 1970s — founded a "progressive string band" named Magraw Gap. Through 1993 the new group traveled throughout the Shenandoah Valley competing in bluegrass competitions, winning first place at several festivals. In 1993 Keel entered the guitar competition at Telluride Bluegrass Festival and won first place. In 1994, Magraw Gap began touring regularly. In 1995 it won the bluegrass band competition at. Keel won the guitar competition there again in 1996.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Jenny Keel.

paragraph: As Keel relates, Jennifer "Jenny" Newmark "was always a huge supporter of the live music scene in our area of Virginia," but somehow they'd "never crossed paths at all those jams and festivals." They met "at a little tavern in (his) town" where she came to see "one of her favorite local bluegrass heroes (Gary Ruley) play" in March 1994. When Keel "got up on stage with Gary to pick a tune," joining Will Lee who was also sitting in that show, she was "blown away" by his musicianship, particularly by their take on the David Grisman tune "Eat My Dust".

paragraph: When Keel walked off stage and passed her in the crowd she told him, "That was the best E.M.D. I've ever heard!" She concludes, "You know how it goes! We traded phone numbers…it sure seemed like love at first sight . ."

paragraph: The future Jenny Keel had never played a stringed instrument before she met Keel. "I had played piano by ear, had been in competition choral groups in high school (so I knew music theory, just not how to play a guitar or bass)," she says. "Getting together with Larry and his buddies made my progress in learning the bass fly along quickly."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Larry Keel Experience.

paragraph: In September 1996, Keel split with Magraw Gap and formed the Larry Keel Experience, made up of himself on guitar, his wife on bass, and other musicians he'd worked with over the years. Over the next several years the group would record a number of "adventurous albums".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Larry Keel and Natural Bridge.

paragraph: In January 2005 Keel created a new band, Larry Keel & Natural Bridge — consisting of himself on guitar, his wife Jenny Keel on bass, Mark Schimick on mandolin, and Will Lee on banjo — who have toured and recorded extensively together.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Recordings.

paragraph: Starting in 1996, when Keller Williams recorded "Buzz" with Magraw Gap as supporting musicians — and the group released their self-titled CD — Keel has been active recording with different musical acts and talents. The Larry Keel Experience 1997 "Miles & Miles" CD featured 20 special guests. In 1998 Keel worked with Curtis Burch, recent Grammy Award-winner for "The Great Dobro Sessions" produced by Jerry Douglas and Tut Taylor.

paragraph: Larry Keel Experience released "Larry Keel, Curtis Burch & the Experience" with Billy Constable in 2002. Keel's 2004 "Journey" CD, recorded at his home in Natural Bridge, included guest artists David VanDeventer, Danny Knicely, Will Lee, Gary Ruley, John Flower, Robert Mabe, Slinky Cobblestone, and Morgan Morrison. In 2009 Larry Keel and Natural Bridge released and almost entirely original "Backwoods", co-produced by Keller Williams and mastered by Bill Wolf. The album received highly favorable reviews. The Wounded Messenger noted, "Perhaps no song better encapsulates the group's sound than the constantly shifting 'Crocodile Man,' which meanders through steep, jazzy terrain often explored by progressive acoustic acts but perfected here."

paragraph: Larry and Jenny Keel's second album with Keller Williams, performing as Keller and the Keels, "Thief" went #1 on Billboard Charts and stayed there for several weeks in a row.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Touring.

paragraph: Larry Keel tours actively with one of his many musical act combos, and with other musical acts — making appearances at major festivals across the country. In 2002, Larry Keel Experience played numerous shows with Vassar Clements and Tony Rice, including at Suwannee Springfest and MerleFest. In 2008, Larry Keel and Natural Bridge toured and collaborated across the country with Rice, Yonder Mountain String Band, Fred Tackett, Paul Barerre, Keller Williams, Hot Tuna, and Davisson Brothers Band. In the winter of 2009, Keel joined "flatpicking guitar virtuoso" Adam Aijala of Yonder Mountain String Band on a tour of Washington, Oregon, and Northern California.

paragraph: Keller and the Keels performed on Jam Cruise 10 in the Caribbean in 2012. Larry Keel and Natural Bridge performed on Steep Canyon Rangers' "Mountain Song at Sea" cruise in the Bahamas in 2013, joining other acts such as Peter Rowan, Tim O'Brien, the Punch Brothers, the Del McCoury Band, the David Grisman Sextet, and the Travelin' McCourys. Larry and Jenny Keel collaborated with Jeff Austin of Yonder Mountain String Band and Danny Barnes on tours throughout the U.S., including two appearances on the Mumford & Sons "Gentlemen of the Road" tour in Ohio and Oklahoma in 2013.

paragraph: In 2013 Larry and Jenny Keel appeared as the opening act at The String Cheese Incident's "Hulaween" festival in Live Oak, Florida. In 2014, The Keels appeared at the Lockn' Festival with New Grass Revival founder, Sam Bush. That same year the Larry Keel Experience played a sold-out show at the "Bluegrass Underground" concert series in a cave in 33 feet below McMinnville, Tennessee.

paragraph: Larry Keel Experience finished out 2014 by hosting to a New Year's Eve show at the Oscar Blues Brewery in Brevard, North Carolina. Major acts involved in the festive show from around the region included the Jon Stickley Trio, Jeremy Garrett and Travis Book of the Infamous Stringdusters, Steve McMurry of Acoustic Syndicate, and Mike Guggino of Steep Canyon Rangers.

paragraph: July 2015 Keller and the Keels toured non-stop through the Deep South with Dangermuffin. Keel also performed in collaboration with Darol Anger, Sam Grisman, and Scott Law that year, adding three sets at FloydFest in Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Magraw Gap" (1996) — with Will Lee on banjo, Danny Knicely on mandolin, Larry Keel on guitar, and Dr. John Flower on bass. [Magraw Gap]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miles and Miles" (1997) — features some 20 guest musicians performing originals (e.g., Old Man Kelsey, Miles and Miles) and covers ranging from Fats Waller's "Honeysuckle Rose" to Blind Willie Johnson's "God Moves on Water". Recorded in a two-day session at Keel's home in Natural Bridge, Virginia. [Larry Keel Experience]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sound" (1998) — features 11 out of 12 original songs, e.g., "Pioneers" and "Jerry's Farewell". Recorded live in the Keel home. Both instrumental and vocal accompaniment pieces are on the album. [Larry Keel Experience]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Larry Keel Experience" (2000) — recorded with superior engineering skill by Mike Brantley, former bass player for The Del McCoury Band. Features original acoustic music by Larry Keel, Will Lee, David Via, and Dr. John Flower — as well as earlier works penned by pioneers of progressive bluegrass music John Hartford, Ben Eldridge, and The Dillards. [Larry Keel Experience]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Larry Keel, Curtis Burch, and The Experience" (2002) — features two-time Grammy Award winner Curtis Burch, an original member of New Grass Revival, whose awards came from his appearing on "The Great Dobro Sessions" and the soundtrack to the movie "Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Journey" (2004) — fully self-produced, 14-song album interspersed with familiar, traditional themes and "some startling new territories". [Larry Keel]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Keel Brothers, Vol. 1" (2005) — studio recording that with older brother Gary (senior by 12 years) captures a major aspect of Larry Keel's "formation as a master flatpicking guitarist and a preserver of Appalachian and classic American Country music." Draws on selections from the earliest Stanley Brothers, Hank Williams, Doc Watson, The Country Gentlemen, and fiddle and flatpicking tunes that were always part of Keel family jam sessions. [The Keel Brothers]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Larry Keel & Natural Bridge" (2005) — pays respects to forefathers of mountain music who "set the standard of how it should be played and sung." Features Larry Keel on guitar and vocals, Mark Schimick on mandolin and vocals, Andy Thorn on banjo, and Jenny Keel on bass and vocals. [Larry Keel & Natural Bridge]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grass" (2006) — self-released album containing a "delightfully bizarre collection of anything-but-traditional bluegrass songs." Featuring ten songs, "originals and unexpected cover tunes, that yield to a pure love of music." [Keller and The Keels]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Keel Brothers, Vol. 2" (2006) — emphasizes roots of Appalachian and Classic Country. Includes titles from influential artists such as: Ralph Stanley, Tom T. Hall, Bill Monroe, and Leroy Drumm; with traditional numbers like "Liberty", "Remington Ride", "Cripple Creek", and "Kingdom Cometh". [The Keel Brothers]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Backwoods" (2009) — second studio project from Larry Keel and Natural Bridge. Features seven original compositions of the ten total tunes. Co-produced by Keller Williams. [Larry Keel & Natural Bridge]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thief" (2010) — Keller Williams gives the bluegrass treatment to 13 rock, pop, and folk songs, from Ryan Adams and Amy Winehouse to Presidents of the United States of America and Butthole Surfers. [Keller & The Keels]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Classic" (2012) — nine out of the 12 compositions written by Keel, bandmates, and songwriting friends. [Larry Keel & Natural Bridge]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Experienced" (2016) — entirely original showcases of Keel's and bandmate Will Lee's songwriting, singing, and instrumentals. With Jenny Keel on upright bass and harmony vocals. Recorded at Wally Cleaver Studio in Fredericksburg, Virginia with Jeff Covert (engineer and guest drummer). Mastered by Bill Wolf (Willie Nelson, Tony Rice, Doc Watson) in Arlington, Virginia. Guest-musician-friends who appear on various tracks include: Sam Bush, Del McCoury, Peter Rowan, Keller Williams, Jason Carter (The Del McCoury Band), Mike Guggino (Steep Canyon Rangers), and Anders Beck (Greensky Bluegrass). [Larry Keel Experience]

paragraph: Section::::Musical style.

paragraph: As NPR notes, "Keel leads a band dedicated to taking fiery, authentic bluegrass around the world."

paragraph: Section::::Honors, awards, distinctions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990-1993 Magraw Gap placed first at a number of bluegrass festivals.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keel won the flatpicking guitar competition at Telluride Bluegrass Festival in 1993 and 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magraw Gap placed first at Telluride Bluegrass Festival in 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flatpicking Guitar Magazine released their "Best of 2001" CD including Larry Keel's original instrumental, "Jerry's Farewell".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flatpicking Guitar Magazine released their "Doc Fest" CD in April 2002, a tribute to guitar legend Doc Watson, including a Larry Keel duet with cellist Rushad Eggleston, "Matty Groves".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Fall of 2003 Flatpicking Guitar Magazine released "Hot and Spicy" CD, a guitar compilation project including a duet performance by Wyatt Rice and Larry Keel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2004 Keel and wife Jenny were the subject of a video entitled "Larry Keel: Beautiful Thing" documents a year in their touring life (2002).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keel appeared on the cover of Flatpicking Guitar Magazine May/June 2004 issue (with a 5-page feature article).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Film director Ryan Gielan was invited to show his full-length film "Larry Keel: Beautiful Thing" as a featured performance at the 2004 MerleFest, the first time the memorial festival had ever before used film as a performance medium.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In February 2006, the Del McCoury Band won a Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album of 2005 for The Company We Keep, which featured Keel's "Mountain Song".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2009, Keel debuted in his first acting role in independent film, John Lee: The Man They Could Not Hang, playing a jail warden in late 19th century England. His music was also featured on the soundtrack.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thief", the second album Larry and Jenny Keel released with Keller Williams, debuted at #28 on "Billboards Heatseeker Albums chart and at #1 on "Billboards Bluegrass Albums chart, where it remained for several weeks in a row in 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2011, Will Lee's tune "Sound Check", performed by Larry Keel Experience, was featured on Confluence Films movie "Connect".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2013, Keel's tune "Fishin' Reel" was featured as soundtrack to the Alaskan pike-fishing segment in Confluence Films movie "Waypoints".

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2014 and 2015, Keel was Artist at Large at the "destination festival" Strings and Sol in Puerto Morelos, Mexico, appearing at least twice with every band on the bill, i.e., Fruition, Leftover Salmon, Yonder Mountain String Band, Railroad Earth, Sam Bush Band, and Greensky Bluegrass Band.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Keel is married to his bassist, Jennifer "Jenny" (née Newmark) Keel. He has a passion for fishing and has developed a number of related enterprises, including a website dedicated to sport fishing and bluegrass called Fishinandpickin.com and retreat workshops that combine these two interests. Says Keel of his twin passions, "there's a common thread that brings together a wonderful network of like-minded folks all across the world who seek out the deep qualities that characterize both fishing and playing or listening to music. It's a mystical connection, one that brings a lot of joy and satisfaction to a world overwhelmed with so much artificiality and staleness."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appalachian music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Natural Bridge (Virginia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flatpicking

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Free Larry Keel music

wikidata_label: Larry Keel

wikipedia_title: Larry Keel


text:
Voivode
Wallachia
boyar
reigning prince
Matei Basarab
Constantin Șerban
Spatharios
Wallachian military forces
Paharnic
Seimeni
Târgoviște
Gherghița
Șoplea
Transylvanians
Moldavia
Ottoman Empire
Transylvanian Prince
George II Rákóczi
Feyérvár
Swedish Deluge
Hermannstadt
Preda Brâncoveanu
Gorj County
broken on the wheel
Mihnea III
Moldavia
Danubian Principalities
Ottoman Empire
Vistier
Bălteni
Vornic
Ialomița County
Oltenia
Verguleasa
Nicolae Iorga
Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc
Udriște Năsturel
Elena
Matei Basarab
Seimeni
Ottoman Sultan
Murad IV
Postelnic
Clucer
Wallachian military forces
Paharnic
Deleni
Wallachian Orthodox
Constantin Șerban
Spatharios
Diicul Buicescul
Principality of Transylvania
Paul of Aleppo
Serdar
Old Style
Serb
A. D. Xenopol
Bucharest
Romanian
Arnota Monastery
Dobriceni
Bărbătești
Târgoviște
Buzău
Ploiești
praetorian
Sándor Szilágyi
Carpathians
Ban
Transylvanian Prince
George II Rákóczi
Cossack Hetmanate
Diet
Feyérvár (Bălgrad)
Segesvár (Sighișoara)
Corona (Brașov)
Muslim
Siyavuş Pasha
Ottoman army
war in the East
Cretan War
Gherghița
province of Silistra
Preda Brâncoveanu
Dintr-un Lemn Monastery
Teleajin
Moldavian Prince
Gheorghe Ștefan
Moldavian host
Miron Costin
Focșani
Buzău County
Șoplea
queen bee
water buffalo
Prahova River
Aga
lynched
battle of Finta
Brăila
Dridov
Craiova
Danube
Călugăreni
Crimean Tatars
Orașul de Floci
Romani slave-miners
Ákos Barcsay
Jiu Valley
ducat
Swedish Deluge
Hermannstadt
Transylvanian Saxons
Olt River
Bistrița Monastery
Gorj County
Târgul Bengăi
Bengești-Ciocadia
broken on the wheel
impaled
Mehmed IV
Mihnea III
Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc
Bahlui
Udriște Năsturel
Ottoman army
Târgșor
Dealul Mitropoliei
Gheorghe I Ghica
Phanariote
Sluger
Verguleasa
Magazin Istoric
Miron Costin
Editura Junimea
I. V. Socecu
Constantin C. Giurescu
Editura pentru literatură
Ramuri
Nicolae Iorga
Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl
Paul of Aleppo
Aurel Decei
Editura științifică și enciclopedică
Editura enciclopedică
Răzvan Theodorescu
Editura Meridiane
A. D. Xenopol
Editura Librărieĭ Frațiĭ Șaraga

categories: Romanian refugees,Pretenders,Romanian escapees,1657 deaths,Warlords,Spatharii of Wallachia,People from Ialomița County,Romanian rebels,Romanian people taken hostage,People executed by hanging,17th-century Romanian people,Year of birth unknown,Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania,Romanian exiles,Prisoners and detainees of the Principality of Transylvania,17th-century politicians,Postelnici of Wallachia,People executed by breaking wheel,Exiled politicians

paragraph: Hrizea of Bogdănei

paragraph: Hrizea of Bogdănei (), also rendered as Hrizică, sometimes Hrizea-Vodă ("Hrizea the Voivode"; ? – April to September 1657), was a Wallachian boyar and rebel leader, who proclaimed himself reigning prince in 1655. After rising to high office under his relative, Prince Matei Basarab, he was reconfirmed by Constantin Șerban. He alternated the offices of "Spatharios", in charge of the Wallachian military forces, and "Paharnic", before being won over by the rebellious "Seimeni" mercenaries. He issued a claim to the throne in Târgoviște, but controlled only part of the country, and had his seat at Gherghița. In summer 1655, his army was defeated, at Șoplea, by a Wallachian loyalists, supported by Transylvanians and Moldavians.

paragraph: Hrizea took refuge in the Ottoman Empire, where he surrendered, and then was retained with his family as hostage by Transylvanian Prince George II Rákóczi. He escaped his captivity at Feyérvár during the confusion that followed Rákóczi's participation in the Swedish Deluge. Trying to stage his return to Wallachia with a new "Seimeni" force, he was reportedly kidnapped south of Hermannstadt, and delivered to Wallachia as a prisoner. His supporters were met by Preda Brâncoveanu in Gorj County in September 1657, and were defeated there, possibly following a ruse or a betrayal.

paragraph: The survivors were mutilated or executed in various ways. Hrizea and his retinue were also killed—either hanged or broken on the wheel. The "Seimeni" continued to be involved in intrigues against Prince Constantin, and were eventually pacified by the latter. Some made a brief return to prominence under Mihnea III, part of a warlord alliance gathered around Rákóczi.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Rise.

paragraph: Hrizea was alive at the time when Wallachia and Moldavia, the two Danubian Principalities, were vassal states of the Ottoman Empire; he was by origin a member of the boyar nobility. Born at an unknown date, he was the only known son of "Vistier" Dumitrașco of Bogdănei (died 1636). His mother Alexandra was the daughter of another Hrizea, the boyar of Bălteni, who served as "Vornic". The family took its name from a core estate in Ialomița County, though it also owned land in Oltenia, at Verguleasa. Dumitrașco is described by scholar Nicolae Iorga as a "rural boyar", which indicates that he was not one of the major figures in Wallachian politics. However, as noted by historian N. Stoicescu, his known aristocratic origins contradict claims that Hrizea was an upstart, claims which were first publicized by an anonymous chronicle, "Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc". Moreover, Hrizea was cousins with the scholar Udriște Năsturel and his sister Elena; the latter was married to Matei Basarab, a "Seimeni" leader who became the Wallachian Prince in 1632.

paragraph: Iorga describes the future rebel as a staunch opponent of the regime, one whose servants testified against Prince Matei in front of Ottoman Sultan Murad IV. This in fact refers to his maternal grandfather Hrizea, who spent the early 1630s as a refugee in Moldavia, eventually reconciling with his lord. Himself a loyalist, Hrizea of Bogdănei is first attested as a second-class "Postelnic" at Prince Matei's court in May 1642, and confirmed as one of the "Cluceri" in 1643; he possibly served as "Clucer" until March 1650, when he was assigned a Captaincy in the Wallachian military forces. He was Matei's Great "Paharnic" from February 23, 1651, to June 11, 1653, possibly inheriting this office from his father-in-law, Drăgușin (or Dragomir) of the Deleni boyars. Drăgușin's daughter, named in records as Stana, was the mother of Hrizea's three sons—Barbu, Stoica and Matei—and daughter, Ilina. On their estate at Verguleasa, the family erected a Wallachian Orthodox church, where he is mistakenly recorded as "Rizea".

paragraph: A new Prince, Constantin Șerban, selected Hrizea as his general commander, or "Spatharios", on April 25, 1654. He served in that position to December 29, returning as Great "Paharnic" from January 8 to May 11, 1655. He was also an "intimate friend" of the new ruler, whose ascent came with the persecution of Matei Basarab's loyalists. In 1654, the preceding "Spatharios", Diicul Buicescul, was mutilated ("they carved his nose") to prevent his candidacy for the throne. Buicescul then ran away from the country, seeking refuge in the Principality of Transylvania. As noted at the time by the chronicler Paul of Aleppo, Wallachia's "Spatharios" (or "Serdar"), who may have been either Buicescul or Hrizea, was a central figure at the investiture, receiving the army and people's oath on behalf of the Prince.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Rebellion.

paragraph: At this stage, Hrizea became involved in the plot against Prince Constantin, which broke out as a rebellion of the "Seimeni" (or "Servitori") mercenaries, which is traced by historians to February 26 or 27 (Old Style: February 16 or 17), 1655. According to various records, Constantin had intended to terminate contracts for mostly Serb troops, already noted for their rebelliousness under Prince Matei. The "Seimeni" were warned of this by their colleagues in the regular infantry, and proceeded to seek out boyars whom they viewed as responsible for their plight. Other detailed accounts suggest that Constantin wanted infantry officers on his side, promising them an increased pay, upon which the footmen sided with the "Seimeni". Historian A. D. Xenopol favors a different account: Constantin tried but failed to arrest all of the "Seimeni" at once, as only 200 of some 1,000 obeyed his order to show up in Bucharest. The boyars, Xenopol writes, were correctly identified as being hostile to the "Seimeni", having openly supported the elimination of an expenditure which went to "savage" and "desperate" troops. Chronicler David Herman reports that the "Seimeni" were never subject to a mass arrest, although their commander, Simion, was kidnapped by Constantin's guards.

paragraph: The enraged mercenaries embarked on an "unprecedented bloodletting"; they "entered the boyar homes, chopping them up with their weapons before their wives and young ones, in many places raping their women, pillaging their homes and estates." Various accounts name between 14 and 32 of Wallachia's boyars as murdered in the first stage of the revolt, though tens more were probably also killed at this stage. Despite its brutality and its desecration of churches, the revolt was endorsed by the Wallachia's Romanian populace, and was especially popular with the boyars' serfs. Allied or opportunistic revolts broke out among the tenants of Arnota Monastery, in Dobriceni and Bărbătești, as well as among the tanners of Bucharest and the burghers of Târgoviște, Buzău, and Ploiești.

paragraph: Several historians propose that the revolt should be read as more than a "praetorian" uprising. This view was embraced by Ludovic Demény, who agreed with Iorga's description of "deeper causes" for "Seimeni" massacres. He decries "subjectivist" assessments by Ilie Minea and Sándor Szilágyi, highlighting mass popular support for the mercenaries. Likewise, Matei Cazacu describes the uprising as an "anti-feudal movement" or "social war", "the first one in our history to target the Prince [...], as well as religion". This view is also backed by another author, Constantin Rezachievici, who views the "Seimeni" rising as "the most important mass movement of all the medieval period, south of the Carpathians." Researcher George Potra also deems the "Seimeni" war a "great popular uprising [...] against boyar oppression and exploitation".

paragraph: The uprising was in full swing by April, managing to kill several figures at Constantin's court, including "Ban" Ghiorma Alexeanu and "Clucer" Cârstea Cornățeanu, as well as a former "Vistier", George Karydis. By several accounts, Prince Constantin was his troops' hostage, pretending to endorse the massacres, but secretly asking for a Transylvanian intervention against the "Seimeni". This view is partly contradicted by Xenopol, who notes that Constantin had a running dispute with the Transylvanian Prince, George II Rákóczi. The latter was interested in intervening against the "Seimeni" because he wanted Buicescul and his son to take over as puppet rulers of Wallachia. Buicescul's name is recorded among those of Wallachian boyars who openly begged for a Transylvanian intervention.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Prince-claimant.

paragraph: Rákóczi officially declared that he would take measure to contain the revolt and prevent it from spreading into Transylvania or Moldavia; he was also alarmed by news that the "Seimeni" were trying to forge an alliance with the Cossack Hetmanate, which risked opening a war on two fronts. He convened a Diet at his capital in Feyérvár (Bălgrad), asking for its permission to commence war in Wallachia. This began on April 13, with a southward march from Segesvár (Sighișoara) to Corona (Brașov), where Rákóczi gathered some 30,000 soldiers and 12 cannons. Faced with this emergency, the "Seimeni" took an oath from Constantin, who promised again to act as their sovereign. Led at the time by a Muslim, they welcomed Ottoman envoys, assuring them that theirs was not a revolt against the Empire. As Cazacu notes, the Ottoman overseers, in particular Siyavuş Pasha, wanted to join in the war on the "Seimeni", but the main Ottoman army was still fearful of a war in the East. Other authors suggest that the reason for such inaction was the Cretan War.

paragraph: As noted by Rezachevici, Constantin had been able to send out some of the "Seimeni" leaders as delegates to Transylvania, whereupon Rákóczi had captured them; he replaced the missing commanders with boyars from his own retinue. He then persuaded his captors to let him meet with Rákóczi at Gherghița, but while on his way there changed course eastward and headed for the Ottoman province of Silistra, surrendering to Siyavuş Pasha. The boyars began courting Preda Brâncoveanu, proposing that he replace Constantin on the throne. Brâncoveanu remained a loyalist, with his own son Papa having been killed in the events. Before or after this moment, the mercenaries ransacked Dintr-un Lemn Monastery, which was under Preda's patronage.

paragraph: While dug in at Gherghița, the rebels eventually elected Hrizea as the new Prince. According to Iorga, he can be described as the "Seimeni" Prince, or as a "warlord". With such endorsement, Hrizea then issued a set of writs which ordered "the country to gather up around him, at Teleajin." Nevertheless, Constantin was able to consolidate a web of alliances against Hrizea. Support also came to him from Moldavia, which, in 1655, was Rákóczi's "satellite"; the Moldavian Prince, Gheorghe Ștefan, who had managed to purge and discipline his own "Seimeni", personally joined in the fighting. The Moldavian host he brought with him to Wallachia in summer 1655 included a young Miron Costin, the future chronicler. Costin reports that Prince Gheorghe marched on Wallachia from Focșani, intercepting and capturing one of Hrizea's envoys while crossing Buzău County.

paragraph: On June 26, the "Seimeni" were defeated at Șoplea, where they met a Wallachian army commanded by a new "Spatharios", Pană Filipescu, who joined with the Transylvanians. As reported by Costin, the "Seimeni" narrowly missed out on an opportunity to intercept Rákóczi and his "Hungarian" corps, allowing their enemies to unite. When they eventually decided to attack and tried to split the Transylvanians from the rest, they did so in an undisciplined manner, "like a swarm that's lacking a queen bee". Initially, with some 30 cannons, the rebels had superior firepower, but the guns were unusable in the charge. They had been tied to the backs of water buffaloes, who, under the summer sun, went astray into the Prahova River; this left Hrizea exposed to a cavalry counterattack. According to Iorga, "the mercenaries, softened by the good life, inebriated for the very purpose of doing battle", were massacred by the Transylvanian riders of Captain Gaudy. Nonetheless, Xenopol writes, Hrizea himself behaved "with such bravery as would have befitted a better cause".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Hostage.

paragraph: The "breaking of the "Seimeni"" was followed by a second battle outside Ploiești, with some 5,000 Moldavians joining in to destroy Hrizea's scattered forces. Various chronicles also repeat the story according to which Constantin's victory hinged on betrayal or incompetent maneuvers by Hrizea's "Aga" Lupu Buliga, who fired his cannons "not into the soldiers, but above them." According to Rezachevici, Buliga was one of Prince Constantin's boyar loyalists, who acted out on his earlier orders. Such reports suggest that Hrizea took time away from battle to see Buliga lynched by the "Seimeni", or that he himself slashed the "Aga" with a sabre. According to Stoicescu, the stories are largely discredited, with inscriptions showing that Buliga had actually died in the 1653 battle of Finta. However, other readings of the same writings credit the Hrizea account, suggesting that Buliga had only been severely wounded at Finta, and killed at Șoplea.

paragraph: Many of the "Seimeni" fraternized with the enemy, leaving the pretender to collect his remaining troops, and, though continuously harassed by Transylvanian pursuers, to seek his way toward Brăila, in Ottoman territory. This allowed Constantin to leave Silistra and seek to join the Transylvanian–Moldavian troops, which he did at Dridov; on his way there, he intercepted and executed several "Seimeni", marking the beginning of a major purge. As Filipescu writes: "the "Seimeni" discarded their blue clothes and dressed up in messy rags, and swore that they were not soldiers, for whoever was known to be one had no more days left to live." Nevertheless, resistance continued: more skirmishes were recorded outside Bucharest, Brăila, and Craiova. All roads were reportedly unsafe, with "Seimeni" taking over as "brigands".

paragraph: Repressive measures were overseen by a Transylvaian stay-behind force, which may have numbered as many as 3,000 men. These were continuously harassed by the rebels and armed civilians, many of whom had taken refuge in the Danube marshlands. Two months after the Ploiești clashes, 2,000 cavalry regulars, or "Călărași", also revolted, facing the loyalists outside Călugăreni. Xenopol describes this later revolt as another plot by the "Seimeni", centered on "butchering the Hungarians, and on toppling the Prince who had so gravely betrayed them." They won a tactical victory against the Transylvanian regiment of János Boros (Borăș), before being put down by the Moldavians; survivors again withdrew into the marshlands, were, as Boros complained, they could not be reached. Also on the loyalist side, the civil war involved a group of Crimean Tatars under Rüstem Mirza, who entered Wallachia in late June and raided Orașul de Floci. Although as many as 200 inhabitants were massacred, the town's defending army, comprising both burghers and Romani slave-miners, was able to kill Rüstem.

paragraph: Hrizea and his family found safety in Brăila, but the authorities there eventually surrendered them to Constantin. All family members were then as hostages to Feyérvár. The journey involved a stopover in the princely capital of Târgoviște, where, as Boros noted, crowds flocked to show their appreciation for Hrizea and mourn his departure. As an extraordinary precaution against further troubles, a Transylvanian army, probably led by Ákos Barcsay, guarded Hriza's passage through the Jiu Valley.

paragraph: The exile into Transylvania was arranged by Rákóczi, who set Hrizea's ransom at 100,000 ducats. Hrizea could not pay that sum, and was therefore moved from a townhouse he rented to a cell in the city garrison. Xenopol suggests that Hrizea was in fact sheltered, and even allowed to command his own army of 500 "Seimeni", which Rákóczi used as leverage in his dealings with Constantin. As noted by the same author, the intervention of 1655 had made Constantin entirely dependent on the Transylvanian Prince, who was now his "protector and, so to say, his second-hand suzerain". Eventually, the nucleus of "Seimeni" in Wallachia submitted to Constantin and Rákóczi. Xenopol summarizes their "strange reconciliation", with the mercenaries expressing regret and referring to Constantin as a "good and gentle Prince".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Escape and execution.

paragraph: The Wallachian truce was again endangered after less than two years. In December 1656, Captain Priboi, probably as a Hrizea partisan, tried to assassinate Constantin, before being stopped by the Transylvanian bodyguards. In early 1657, Rákóczi intervened in the Swedish Deluge, which caused him to be absent from the capital and sparked a succession crisis at home. During this interval, as many as 500 "Seimeni" exiles, whom Rákóczi had left in charge of the city defenses, helped their leader break out of prison. They managed to do so on March 23, 1657, while Hrizea was praying in church. Hrizea, with his family and his retinue, rode to Hermannstadt. He could not enter that city, being harassed by local Transylvanian Saxons and Romanians, but eventually crossed the Olt River.

paragraph: The sources compiled by Iorga suggest that Hrizea never managed to rekindle the revolt with his presence, being betrayed by a Transylvanian Romanian notable in whose house he was lodging, and then delivered to Wallachia as a prisoner. Meanwhile, some 400 "Seimeni" had grouped in northern Oltenia, possibly at Bistrița Monastery, where they expected his return. However, in Rezachevici's reading, Hrizea crossed the mountains with the help of local Romanians, then barricaded with his troops at Bistrița, expecting reinforcements. His cause had remained popular with both the mercenaries and the Wallachian commoners, but Constantin's regime was able to act before a rebel force could fully take hold. A Wallachian army, led by Brâncoveanu, met the "Seimeni" in Gorj County, at Târgul Bengăi or Bengești-Ciocadia. As noted by Iorga, they were asked to surrender but refused, and were then decimated. Other reports suggest that they were "not defeated", but promised safe haven, and disarmed under this false pretense.

paragraph: Hrizea was eventually killed at the princely court in Târgoviște. Iorga and Rezachevici calculate his date of death as April 8 or 9. This is contradicted by other sources, which have September 8. Texts also diverge on the exact method employed, as well as on other circumstances. Stoicescu suggests that Hrizea was broken on the wheel—but also mentions reports according to which he was simply hanged. According to Filipescu, the actual method involved hanging Hrizea and his twelve captains "by a wheel"; "as for the others", Filipescu notes, "they cut off their noses and ears, and [then] set them free." Iorga also records the death as a hanging "amid blood-stained pikes adorned with his soldiers' severed heads." Some sources suggest that the other bodies on the wheel were not those of "Seimeni", but included Hrizea's wife and mistresses. Costin reports that the real repression of the "Seimeni" only began at that stage, and was merely based on word of mouth, allowed for false identifications and a settling of scores. The deserters and suspects were usually impaled: "The field outside Bucharest, and those outside various other towns, were riddled with their pierced bodies."

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: By then, Constantin was in conflict with the Ottoman Empire, which had originally appointed him as Prince. As reported by the 18th-century chronicler Constantin Filipescu, the relationship between overlord and vassal was sabotaged by "Seimeni" intrigues: although they had been promised forgiveness for their earlier rebellion, "Seimeni" refugees in Silistra complained to Mehmed IV that Constantin was a "wicked" man, who intended to lead Wallachia and Transylvania into an anti-Ottoman war. This account is also backed by Xenopol, who writes that the "Seimeni" used the Ottomans to "avenge a betrayal". Rezachevici notes that, though "unconfirmed by foreign sources", this narrative contains "an echo of the hatred the servants felt toward the man who had betrayed them".

paragraph: Wallachia was subsequently invaded by the Tatars—who were now allied with the Ottomans. At that stage, the Șoplea victor Pană Filipescu also turned against Prince Constantin. Although some authors suggest that the "Seimeni" were entirely quashed in 1655–1657, and never recovered, at least 1,000 of these troops were still serving the Prince in December 1656. Constantin's replacement Mihnea III continued the attacks on the boyars, relying on the "Seimeni" to emancipate himself from Ottoman tutelage. Constantin became his ally by proxy, invading Moldavia from Transylvania in hopes of becoming Prince there. An 18th-century compilation, "Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc", notes that the surviving "Seimeni" pledged their support, using the opportunity to "return to their consecrated theft, spoiling and robbing away the goods of boyars and whatever [else] they could find." The expedition, which involved "Seimeni" troops on both sides, ended with Constantin's defeat by a Tatar horde, on the Bahlui.

paragraph: During his brief stay in power before he too was ousted by the Ottomans, Mihnea ordered the execution of Brâncoveanu and Udriște Năsturel, while Pană Filipescu and Filipescu's partisans managed to escape to Transylvania. In 1659, he ultimately captured and executed Buicescul. Mehmed IV's retaliation was severe. As archeologists I. Ionașcu and Vlad Zirra note, the Ottoman army engaged in "indescribable arson and pillaging, to the point where some of [the] urban settlements, such as Gherghița and Târgșor, will be condemned to function as mere villages." In Bucharest, Ottoman soldiers destroyed the vineyards south of Dealul Mitropoliei. The order to demolish all of Târgoviște's fortifications was carried out, leaving the new Prince, Gheorghe I Ghica, to settle permanently in Bucharest. Nonetheless, "Seimeni" banners continued to be attested after that moment, and then well into the late Phanariote era.

paragraph: Meanwhile, Hrizea's family had faded into relative obscurity, with neither of his three sons ever holding high office under the later Princes. Of them, Matei married Ilina Greceanu, whose father, the "Sluger" Drăghici Greceanu, had been killed by the "Seimeni" in 1655. In 1672, the surviving members of the family, including Hrizea's daughter Ilina (by then married to the "Spatharios" Ivan Rudeanul), sold half of their eponymous estate to a Hrizea Popescu. The land they owned in Verguleasa was also sold to the Costescu boyars, who passed it on to the Olănescu family.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matei Cazacu, "1655: seimenii și dorobanții «...se-au rădicat asupra a tot neamul boieresc...»", in "Magazin Istoric", October 1972, pp. 2–7, 14.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miron Costin, "Letopisețul Țării Moldovei. De neamul moldovenilor". Iași: Editura Junimea, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ludovic Demény, "Cu privire la caracterul răscoalei din 1655 în Țara Romînească", in "Studii. Revistă de Istorie", Vol. XVI, Issue 2, 1963, pp. 307–337.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantin Căpitanul Filipescu, "Istoriile domnilor Țării-Românești cuprinzînd istoria munteană de la început până la 1688". Bucharest: I. V. Socecu, 1902.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantin C. Giurescu, "Istoria Bucureștilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre". Bucharest: Editura pentru literatură, 1966.

paragraph: BULLET::::- I. Ionașcu, "Biserici, chipuri și documente din Olt", Vol. I. Craiova: Ramuri, 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolae Iorga, "Socotelile Brașovului și scrisori romanesci catre Sfat în secolul al XVII-lea". Bucharest: Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl, 1899.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul of Aleppo (contributor: M. M. Alexandrescu-Dersca Bulgaru), "Călătoria lui Paul de Alep", in Aurel Decei (ed.), "Călători români despre țările române. Vol. VI", pp. 21–307. Bucharest: Editura științifică și enciclopedică, 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Potra, "Din Bucureștii de ieri", Vols. I–II. Bucharest: Editura științifică și enciclopedică, 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantin Rezachevici, "Fenomene de criză social-politică în Țara Românească în veacul al XVII-lea (Partea a II-a: a doua jumătate a secolului al XVII-lea)", in "Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie", Vol. XIV, 1996, pp. 85–117.

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. Stoicescu, "Dicționar al marilor dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova. Sec. XIV–XVII". Bucharest: Editura enciclopedică, 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Răzvan Theodorescu, "Civilizația românilor între medieval și modern. Orizontul imaginii (1550–1800)", Vol. II. Bucharest: Editura Meridiane, 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. D. Xenopol, "Istoria Romînilor. Vol. VII: De la Mateĭ Basarab și Vasile Lupu pînă la Constantin Brâncoveanu. 1633—1689". Iași: Editura Librărieĭ Frațiĭ Șaraga, 1896.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Hrizea of Bogdănei

wikipedia_title: Hrizea of Bogdănei


text:
WASP
Florida
Women Airforce Service Pilots
Congressional Gold Medal
Congressional Gold Medal

paragraph: Deanie Parrish

paragraph: Marie Odean Bishop Parrish (born 1922), known as Deanie Parrish (sometimes "Parish") is a former US air force pilot who served as a WASP Pilot during WWII. She is known for being one of Florida's first female air force aviators. She joined the air force aged 21, and after earning her wings, worked as an engineering test pilot at Greenville air force base. And later retrained to tow target planes during training exercises.

paragraph: She married a career USAF pilot and has two daughters. She spent much of her life after the WASP's were disbanded as a hospital volunteer. In later life she has worked to commemorate the efforts made by female pilots towards the war effort during WWII.

paragraph: Her work directly resulted in the Women Airforce Service Pilots being awarded a Congressional Gold Medal in 2010, she accepted the award on behalf of the 1074 WASP aviators. Deanie was inducted into the WAI Pioneer Hall of Fame in 2015. Parish has been highly influential in the efforts to get the work of the WASP's recognised, and has organised several websites, written books and created initiatives to achieve this.

paragraph: The medal ceremony on capitol hill was attended by over 200 surviving WASP personnel. The award comes 65 years after the service was disbanded. The WASP's (known as "fly girls") were volunteer pilots who flew military aircraft around America during the second world war to allow more USAF pilots to fly frontline missions in Europe, they were recognised as a military group in 1977, and their contribution to the war effort recognised with the Congressional Gold Medal in 2010. The medal was presented by congressional officials and accepted by Deanie Parish on behalf of the WASP's.

wikidata_label: Deanie Parish

wikipedia_title: Deanie Parrish


text:
Erie, Pennsylvania
Amos Bronson Alcott
Lyman Beecher
Woodstock, Illinois
McHenry County, Illinois

categories: Poets from Illinois,Poets from Pennsylvania,19th-century American women writers,American women poets,1904 deaths,People from Woodstock, Illinois,1844 births,19th-century American poets,Writers from Erie, Pennsylvania

paragraph: Harriet Bunker Austin

paragraph: Harriet Melissa Bunker Austin (December 29, 1843 – June 26, 1904) was an American author.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Harriet Melissa Bunker Austin was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, on December 29, 1843, the daughter of John F. Bunker, descending from New England stock. Her great-grandfather, Benjamin Bunker, was a soldier of the Revolution, and was killed in the battle of Bunker Hill. The hill from which the battle was named comprised part of the Bunker estate, owned by her grandfather, Josiah Bunker. On her mother's side she was related to Amos Bronson Alcott and Lyman Beecher.

paragraph: When quite young, she moved with her parents to Woodstock, Illinois. Her education was received in the Woodstock high school and Dr. Todd's Female Seminary.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She was a prolific writer, many of her poems became popular after being set to music. Her poems on the National Magazine were reprinted in "The Brook Reporter", "The Evening Herald", "The Rockford Chronicle", "Cortland Register", "The Madisonian", "The Liberty Vindicator", "The North Platte Semi-Weekly Tribune", "The Allentown Democrat", "The Pulaski County Democrat", "The Baldwin Times" and the "Wilcox Progressive Era". She always took an active interest in the advancement of women and the promotion of social reforms.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: At the close of her seminary life she married William Bainbridge Austin (1832–1899), a prosperous merchant. They were pioneers of McHenry County, Illinois, and they had the following children: Helen Leonore Austin (1859–1880), George Albion Austin (1862–1863), Florence Edith Austin (1864–1910), Harold Austin (1872–1874), Gertrude L. Shackell (1877–1930), Edward W. Austin. Gertrude Austin Shackell ran the Hillcrest Hotel in Woodstock.

paragraph: She died on June 26, 1904, and is buried at Oakland Cemetery, Wodstock, Illinois.

description: American author

wikidata_label: Harriet Bunker Austin

wikipedia_title: Harriet Bunker Austin


text:
fl.
Cavers
Chamberlain of Scotland
Baliol family
Edward's Welsh wars
Louis IX of France
Compiègne
Margaret, the Maid of Norway
Alexander III
guardians of Scotland
John Lindsay
Bishop of Glasgow
Treaty of Salisbury
Birgham
Edward the Prince of Wales
David de Strathbogie
Earl of Atholl
seisin
John Baliol
John de Sandale
Battle of Dunbar
campaign in Flanders
war with Scotland
siege of Caerlaverock
Roxburghshire
John de Bretagne
Earl of Richmond
Chilham

categories: 14th-century Scottish people,13th-century Scottish people,14th-century deaths,Lord Chamberlains of Scotland,13th-century births

paragraph: Alexander de Baliol

paragraph: Alexander de Baliol (fl. 1246?-1309?), was lord of Cavers and Chamberlain of Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Alexander was a member of the Baliol family, about whose pedigree confusion exists. Alexander de Baliol the Scottish chamberlain appears as "Dominus de Cavers" in the Scottish records in 1270. Seven years later he was commissioned, as lord of Cavers, to serve in Edward's Welsh wars.

paragraph: As "Alexandre de Balens", Balliol's arms appear in a roll of Scottish knights who took part in a grand tournament held for Louis IX of France at Compiègne.

paragraph: In 1284, under the same designation of "Dominus de Cavers", he was one of the Scottish barons who bound themselves to receive Margaret, the Maid of Norway, as queen in the event of failure of male issue of Alexander III. In the same year he received a summons to attend Edward's army, so that he must still have retained English fiefs.

paragraph: In 1287 he is for the first time mentioned in a writ by the guardians of Scotland as chamberlain of Scotland, an office in which he succeeded John Lindsay, Bishop of Glasgow. Two years later he took part in the negotiations which resulted in the Treaty of Salisbury, 6 November 1289, confirmed by the parliament at Birgham, 12 March 1290, by which Edward the Prince of Wales was to marry Margaret and Edward I solemnly recognised the independence of Scotland. Her death prevented the marriage, and Edward soon forgot or ignored his engagements.

paragraph: On 5 June 1291 Baliol and his wife Isabella de Chilham, widow of David de Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl, received a letter of attorney and safe conduct from Edward permitting them to remain for a year in Scotland. He still continued to hold the office of chamberlain after the seisin of Scotland had been given to Edward I, as the condition of his determining the suit as to the succession of the crown of Scotland; but in the beginning of 1292 Robert Heron, rector of Ford, was associated with Baliol in this office. On 30 December 1292 certain of the records of Scotland which had been in the hands of Edward were redelivered to Alexander Baliol as chamberlain of Scotland.

paragraph: Baliol is last mentioned as chamberlain on 16 May 1294; disputes between Edward and John Baliol may have led to his deprivation by the English king after, or perhaps even before, the campaign of 1296, when Edward forced John Baliol to resign the crown and carried him captive to England. In 1297 John de Sandale, an English baron, appears as chamberlain of Scotland. Alexander having being captured at the Battle of Dunbar on 27 April 1296 and was only released upon agreeing to serve Edward I in a campaign in Flanders.

paragraph: From entries in the accounts of the expenses of John Baliol when a prisoner in England with reference to a horse of Alexander de Baliol, it would seem that he shared the captivity of his kinsman. On 13 January 1297 Edward made a presentation to the church of Cavers, upon the ground that the lands of Alexander de Baliol were in his hands. A few scanty notices between 1298 and 1301 indicate that he took part on the English side in the war with Scotland; and from one of these we learn that he had manors in Kent, the wood of which he received the king's licence to sell.

paragraph: Alexander Baliol was amongst the barons present, under Edward I, at the siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. In 1303 he seems to have shown signs of again falling off from the English side, since his chattels in Kent, Hertfordshire, and Roxburghshire were in that year seized by John de Bretagne, Earl of Richmond, in the Scottish campaign. His estates in Kent, of which the chief was the castle and manor of Chilham, were held by him in right of his wife Isabella de Chilham, by whom he left a son of his own name.

paragraph: The date of his death is unknown, but as he was summoned to all the parliaments of Edward I between 1300 and 1307, and is not mentioned as summoned to any of Edward II, he probably died soon after the accession.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: Scottish politician

wikidata_label: Alexander de Baliol

wikipedia_title: Alexander de Baliol


text:
entrepreneur
oil
Gulf and Ship Island Railroad
Mississippi
Gulfport
seaport
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Union Army
American Civil War
Infantry
Quartermaster Sergeant
Second Lieutenant
First Lieutenant
Battle of the Wilderness
Captain
Battle of Cold Harbor
Bradford oil fields
railhead
pipeline
West Virginia
railroad
southern yellow pine
bankruptcy
William H. Hardy
channel
Gulf of Mexico
harbor
port
Buffalo, New York
Great Southern Hotel
Gulf Coast
Mausoleum
Forest Lawn Cemetery
bronze statue
granite
monument

categories: Businesspeople from Philadelphia,American businesspeople in the oil industry,1942 sculptures,1916 deaths,1842 births,Bronze sculptures in the United States,Gulfport, Mississippi,Monuments and memorials in Mississippi,American railway entrepreneurs,History of Mississippi

paragraph: Joseph T. Jones

paragraph: Joseph T. Jones (June 11, 1842 – December 6, 1916) was an American entrepreneur who built his fortune as an oil producer. He funded construction of the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad in Mississippi, co-founded the City of Gulfport and developed its seaport.

paragraph: Joseph T. Jones was born to Albanus A. and Jane (Thomas) Jones in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 11, 1842.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: In 1861, at age 19, Jones enlisted in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was assigned to Company H, 91st Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. Jones served as Quartermaster Sergeant, Second Lieutenant, and First Lieutenant. At the Battle of the Wilderness in May 1864, Jones was appointed acting Captain.

paragraph: In June 1864, at the Battle of Cold Harbor, Jones was wounded in both feet. He was sent home to Philadelphia to recover from his wounds and was discharged in September 1864.

paragraph: Section::::Oil ventures.

paragraph: Although crippled from war wounds, Jones used his war-time savings and bank loans to begin drilling for oil in western Pennsylvania in 1865. After 12 dry holes, Jones finally hit oil in 1867. Jones fortune began to change in the Bradford oil fields with the development of more than 500 oil-producing wells and incorporation of the Bradford Oil Company. To move crude oil to railheads, Jones invested in oil pipelines which produced greater dividends than the oil wells. By 1883, Jones was known as the largest crude oil producer in the United States. In the 1890s, Jones began investing in oil ventures in West Virginia, thereby increasing his wealth.

paragraph: Section::::Mississippi investments.

paragraph: Through mutual friends, Jones heard of a potential investment in a railroad venture in south Mississippi, which included 63,000 acres (25,500 hectares) of southern yellow pines that were ready for harvest. Although the unfinished Gulf and Ship Island Railroad (G&SIRR) was in bankruptcy, Jones formed the Bradford Construction Company with other investors and bought the railroad. Using his fortune from oil production, Jones finished construction of the G&SIRR, bought out his partners in the Bradford Construction Company, and merged with the railroad to form the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad Company. Along with William H. Hardy, Jones co-founded the City of Gulfport as the railroad's southern-most terminal and had a deep-water channel dredged in the Gulf of Mexico, creating a harbor and the port of Gulfport.

paragraph: Although Jones' family resided in Buffalo, New York, he spent much of his time in south Mississippi overseeing his investments in the railroad, timber, and shipping. He had the Great Southern Hotel constructed in Gulfport to serve as his Gulf Coast residence, and nearby, an office building was constructed for the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad Company.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: By 1910, Jones was living with his wife and children in Buffalo, New York. He developed health problems during the last 3 years of his life and died on December 6, 1916 at his home in Buffalo. He was interred in the Jones Family Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Cemetery. At the time of his death, his estate was estimated to be worth 15 million dollars.

paragraph: In 1935, Grace Jones Stewart, heir of Joseph T. Jones, donated to the city of Gulfport a tract of land along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico to be used solely for recreational purposes. Despite efforts to develop the land for other objectives, it endures as the Joseph T. Jones Memorial Park.

paragraph: On January 18, 1942, a life-sized bronze statue, atop a granite monument, was dedicated in Gulfport to "the city's greatest benefactor". The statue faces the harbor that Jones built.

description: American businessman

wikidata_label: Joseph T. Jones

wikipedia_title: Joseph T. Jones


text:
Columbanus
Bobbio
Burgundy
abbey of Lérins
abbey of Luxeuil
Theuderic II
Trebbia
Genoa
Arioald
Arian
Jonas
palimpsest
Ulfilas

categories: Italian Roman Catholic saints,Medieval Italian saints,Italian abbots,Year of birth unknown,Frankish Christian monks,7th-century Frankish saints,Etichonid dynasty,622 deaths,Burials at Bobbio Abbey

paragraph: Saint Attala

paragraph: Atala or Attala (died 622) was a disciple of Columbanus and his successor as abbot of Bobbio from 615.

paragraph: Attala was originally from Burgundy, and first became a monk at the abbey of Lérins. Displeased with the loose discipline prevailing there, he instead entered the abbey of Luxeuil, which had just been founded by Columbanus. When the latter was expelled from Luxeuil by King Theuderic II, Attala would have succeeded him as abbot, but preferred to follow him into exile. They settled on the banks of the river Trebbia, a little northeast of Genoa, where they together founded Bobbio.

paragraph: After the Columbanus' death in 615, Attala succeeded him as abbot. He and his monks suffered many hardships at the hands of King Arioald, who was an Arian and not a Catholic. As abbot, Attala insisted on strict discipline and when a large number of his monks rebelled, declaring his discipline too rigorous, he permitted them to leave the monastery. According to Attala's biographer, Jonas, when some of these monks perished miserably, the others considered their deaths a punishment from God and returned to the monastery. Attala also restored the binding of the books in the monastic library. A surviving palimpsest copy of the works of Ulfilas bears the inscription "a book from the cupboard of lord Atala" ("l[iber] de arca domno atalani").

paragraph: Attala was buried in Bobbio, where his liturgical feast is celebrated on 10 March.

description: Abbot of Bobbio

wikidata_label: Attala

wikipedia_title: Saint Attala


text:
Djurgården
Brann stadion
SK Brann
Norway national football team
National team appearances

categories: 1901 births,1982 deaths,Norway international footballers,SK Brann players,Association football forwards,Norwegian footballers

paragraph: Finn Berstad

paragraph: Finn Berstad (17 July 1901 — 1 October 1982) was a Norwegian footballer.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Berstad was a striker in his early career, but was later used as a central defender. Some remember Berstad for his penalty kick against Swedish team Djurgården in the summer of 1920 on Brann stadion, when he missed on a blank goal on purpose. He played for SK Brann, and won the Norwegian cup title in 1923 and 1925.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: In addition he played 32 matches and scored 13 goals for the Norway national football team.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National team appearances

description: Norwegian footballer

wikidata_label: Finn Berstad

wikipedia_title: Finn Berstad


text: Mountain View, California

text: American

text: Grand Prix

text: road racer

text: 500cc Road Racing World Championship

text: Kenny Roberts

text: 500cc World Championships

text: F.I.M.

text: MotoGP Hall of Fame

text: Laguna Seca Raceway

text: Yamaha

text: 500c World Championship

text: Yamaha

text: Modenas

text: two-stroke

text: Suzuki

text: Malaysia

text: Michael Doohan

text: Japan

text: Spain

text: Àlex Crivillé

text: Valentino Rossi

text: Rio

text: Honda

text: four-stroke

text: Suzuki GSV-R

text: Honda

text: Yamaha

text: John Hopkins

text: Chris Vermeulen

text: V5 engine

text: Team Roberts

text: Catalunya

text: Estoril

text: Toni Elías

text: Casey Stoner

text: Sete Gibernau

text: V4 engine

text: Repsol Honda

text: Kurtis

text: Official website of Team Roberts

text: Kenny Roberts Jr. profile on MotoGP.com

categories: MotoGP World Championship riders,People from Mountain View, California,1975 births,500cc World Championship riders,American motorcycle racers,Living people

paragraph: Kenny Roberts Jr.

paragraph: Kenneth Leroy Roberts Jr. (born July 25, 1973 in Mountain View, California) is an American former professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer who won the 500cc Road Racing World Championship in 2000. He joins his father Kenny Roberts, as the only father-son duo to have won 500cc World Championships. Roberts was inducted into the F.I.M. MotoGP Hall of Fame in 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Cycling career.

paragraph: Section::::Cycling career.:Early years.

paragraph: Roberts first raced in the 250cc class at Willow Springs in 1990, winning 5 races in his debut season in road racing. By 1993, he made his World 500cc debut at the Laguna Seca Raceway event, and was a full-time 250cc racer for 1994 and 1995 with the Marlboro-Yamaha team.

paragraph: Section::::Cycling career.:Team Roberts.

paragraph: Roberts moved up to 500c World Championship racing with Yamaha in 1996. He finished his debut season in 500cc in 13th position overall and Yamaha decided not to renew his contract. He then joined his father's team in 1997, spending two years developing their Modenas two-stroke bike. In those two years, he struggled to get into the top position, finishing 16th and 13th respectively in 1997 and 1998.

paragraph: Section::::Cycling career.:Suzuki years.

paragraph: In 1999, Suzuki signed him to their Grand Prix team. His debut race with Suzuki in Malaysia resulted in a surprise win, defeating the reigning champion, Michael Doohan. He went on to win the second race in Japan, where he again defeated Doohan. This winning streak put him as a strong contender to challenge Doohan for the championship. However, Doohan retired due to injuries suffered in an accident on the third race in Spain. Afterwards, the main challenge for the championship came from Doohan's teammate, Àlex Crivillé. Roberts failed to find consistency during the rest of the season, notching only two more wins and another four podiums. His lead in the championship subsequently was taken over by Crivillé, who later went on to win the title. Roberts would finish a respectable second in the championship.

paragraph: He renewed his championship challenge in 2000. With Crivillé failing to regain his form, Roberts' main challenge came from Valentino Rossi, a rookie rider fresh from winning the 250cc title. This time, Roberts managed to find consistency by taking four wins and five podiums in 16 races. Roberts clinched his first title, two races before the end of the season, at the Rio after finishing 6th, although Rossi won the race. He became the first son of a former champion to also win the title. His victory also meant Suzuki broke Honda's six-year championship win streak.

paragraph: In 2001, Roberts and Suzuki faced a tough task to defend the title. With Rossi dominating the series to win the title, Roberts only managed a single podium and finished the season in disappointing 11th position. This also marked the end of the two-stroke 500cc bike era as the regulations changed for 2002

paragraph: Between 2002 and 2005, Roberts faced a difficult time in developing the new four-stroke 990cc Suzuki GSV-R bike to challenge Honda and Yamaha. He was also being challenged by his younger teammate, John Hopkins, who often outperformed him. Even in 2003 and 2004, Hopkins managed to finish the season ahead of Roberts. During the 4-year period, Roberts managed to gain only two podiums, one in 2002 and one in 2005. At the end of 2005, Suzuki decided not to renew Roberts' contract and opted for a younger rider in Chris Vermeulen.

paragraph: Section::::Cycling career.:Return to Team Roberts.

paragraph: He returned to his father's team in 2006. Honda provided the RC211V V5 engine with the frame being designed by Team Roberts and the bike subsequently named KR211V. He took his first podium of the season at Catalunya, having started on the front row.

paragraph: A run of five successive top-five grid positions in mid-season showed the bike's promise. He again finished 3rd at Estoril, having led with one lap to go. Kenny later explained that he had miscounted the number of laps, and when he came onto the final straight with one lap to go, he expected to see the chequered flag, and that this distracted him and prevented him blocking Toni Elías' passing move. With these two podium finishes, he finished 6th in the standings at the end of the year, aided by riders such as Casey Stoner and Sete Gibernau missing races. This was Roberts' best result since winning the championship in 2000.

paragraph: Roberts remained on his father's team at the start of 2007. However, 2007 again marked a new era as 990cc bike were replaced with an 800cc displacement formula. He rode the KR212V bike which are using the RC212V's V4 engine supplied by Honda. The 2007 season was less successful, due to Honda concentrating on improving the underperforming Repsol Honda factory machine. After only 4 points in the first part of the season, Kenny Jr. stopped racing midseason, replaced by his brother Kurtis, and never returned in 2007. Both Kenny and the entire team did not participate in 2008 season.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website of Team Roberts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kenny Roberts Jr profile on Motorcycle Racing Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kenny Roberts Jr. profile on MotoGP.com

paragraph: BR

description: American motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Kenny Roberts, Jr.

wikipedia_title: Kenny Roberts Jr.


text: motorcycle

text: road racer

text: Grand Prix

text: Oberdiessbach

text: Kanton Bern

text: Switzerland

text: Emmental

text: pocket bikes

text: 2002 German Grand Prix

text: Barcelona

text: 2005 season

text: Le Mans

text: Brno

text: Czech Republic

text: world championship

text: Valencia

text: Honda RS125R

text: Mika Kallio

text: 2005 125cc World Championship

text: Sandro Cortese

text: Germany

text: 2006 French Grand Prix

text: Álvaro Bautista

text: 2006 season

text: Aprilia

text: Aprilia RSA 250

text: Lukáš Pešek

text: 2008 Italian GP

text: Assen

text: Assen

text: 2018 season

text: Franco Morbidelli

text: EG 0,0 Marc VDS

text: 2019 season

text: Xavi Vierge

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,MotoGP World Championship riders,Living people,1986 births,250cc World Championship riders,Marc VDS Racing Team MotoGP riders,125cc World Championship riders,Swiss motorcycle racers

paragraph: Thomas Lüthi

paragraph: Thomas Lüthi (born 6 September 1986) is a professional motorcycle road racer currently competing in the MotoGP Grand Prix World Championship. For 2019, he will ride for Dynavolt Intact GP in the Moto2 category.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lüthi was born in Oberdiessbach, Kanton Bern, Switzerland, but grew up in Emmental. Lüthi started racing pocket bikes at the age of nine. He won pocket bike championships in 1999 and 2000. In 2002, he finished second overall in the European 125cc Championship, and third in the German 125cc series.

paragraph: Lüthi made his first 125cc World Championship appearance at the 2002 German Grand Prix, which he finished in 26th place.

paragraph: In the 2003 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Lüthi was invited by Daniel Epp to ride for his team, known as the "Elit Grand Prix Team"; Epp became his manager. Lüthi scored his first podium in Barcelona and ended in second place. In 2004, he retired from four races in a row, missed four races because of injury, and scored 14 points.

paragraph: Andy Ibbott of California Superbike School started training Thomas during the 2005 season. Lüthi scored his first 125cc class Grand Prix win in 2005 at Le Mans, followed by three more victories that season, including one at his team's home race at Brno, Czech Republic. On 6 November 2005 Lüthi secured his first world championship in the 125cc class, the sixth-youngest person to do so; this took place at Valencia. While using a Honda RS125R kit, Lüthi won the world championship title in the 125cc class, being five points ahead of Mika Kallio. Lüthi was voted Swiss sportsman of the year in 2005 and also won the annual "Swiss Award" in the category of sport.

paragraph: After winning the 2005 125cc World Championship, he was partnered by Sandro Cortese of Germany and the team name was changed to "Elit — Caffè Latte". He scored his only win and only podium of the season at the 2006 French Grand Prix. He lost his championship title to Álvaro Bautista.

paragraph: After the 2006 season, Lüthi moved on to 250cc. The team changed their name to "Emmi — Caffè Latte", and defected to Aprilia, racing on the Aprilia RSA 250.

paragraph: For 2008, Lüthi continued with the Aprilia RSA 250. Daniel Epp also ran an Aprillia LE for Lukáš Pešek, under the Auto Kelly - CP branding. Lüthi did not have any podiums until the 2008 Italian GP, where he finished at the podium in third place. At Assen, he finished in second place behind Álvaro Bautista. At Brno, Lüthi crashed out of the race due to an apparent brake failure.

paragraph: In 2009, he finished seventh overall in 250cc, although without a podium.

paragraph: Section::::Moto2 (2010-2017).

paragraph: For 2010, he remained with the team in the Moto2 class that replaced the 250cc category. At Silverstone, Lüthi finished in second place. Lüthi finished in third place at Assen, which was a position he acquired on the last lap after being in first place earlier in the race. Lüthi had a collarbone injury during those two races.

paragraph: Section::::MotoGP (2018).

paragraph: On 24 August 2017, it was announced that Lüthi would move up to MotoGP for the 2018 season, partnering Moto2 title rival Franco Morbidelli at EG 0,0 Marc VDS. Lüthi did not score a single point throughout his first MotoGP camapaign, with his best result being 16th place at Losail, Le Mans, Brno, Phillip Island, and Sepang.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Moto2 (2019).

paragraph: On 12 August 2018, it was announced that Lüthi would step back to Moto2 for the 2019 season, joining Dynavolt Intact GP. He will replace Xavi Vierge, who will move to Marc VDS.

paragraph: All statistics are from MotoGP.com

paragraph: Section::::Grand Prix career statistics.:Races by year.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tom Lüthi ist der «Star des Jahres» von www.startalk.ch

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radio Basilisk-Interview nach dem 1. Sieg in Le Mans (wma, schweizerdeutsch)

description: Swiss motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Thomas Lüthi

wikipedia_title: Thomas Lüthi


text:
Holy Roman Emperor
Matthias
Mechlin
Habsburg Netherlands
Philip, Duke of Burgundy
Doctor Juris
Gelderland
pensionary
Union of Brussels
Archduke Matthias
Dutch revolt
William
Earl of Leicester
States-General
Queen Elizabeth
Denmark
Germany
France
Namur
Brabant
New Amsterdam
Peter Stuyvesant
Amsterdam
Oude Kerk

paragraph: Nicasius de Sille

paragraph: Dr. Nicasius de Sille (1543–1600) was a 16th-century statesman from what is now Belgium who served as a special ambassador from the Netherlands to several nations, and as secretary to future-Holy Roman Emperor Matthias.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Nicasius was born August 3, 1543 in the city of Mechlin, Habsburg Netherlands, the son of Nicolaas de Sille and Barbara van der Goes. His grandfather, Antonius de Sille, was a page for Philip, Duke of Burgundy.

paragraph: He spent his early life studying, eventually becoming a Doctor Juris and practicing at the Superior Court of Mechlin.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: In 1576, Nicasius was sent by the state to annex Gelderland. In 1577, he became the pensionary of Namur, and represented the city at the Assembly of Brussels. The following year he signed the Union of Brussels.

paragraph: In 1578, he became secretary to the Council of State for Archduke Matthias, who had become governor-general of the Netherlands as a result of the Dutch revolt, and secretary for the General States. After the fall of the Southern Provinces, de Sille removed to Holland where he became pensionary of Amsterdam while maintaining his duties as secretary. In 1579, on a mission to secure Mechlin, he was arrested and imprisoned out of revenge, but was released shortly thereafter.

paragraph: In 1584, de Sille made up the conditions of homage of Prince William to negotiate with the Earl of Leicester pertaining to control of the Netherlands. Later that year Nicasius was sent as a deputy to the States-General, marking the first of repeated terms until his death in 1600.

paragraph: In 1587, de Sille was sent as a special ambassador to England, appearing at the embassy before Queen Elizabeth. He is mentioned in Elizabeth's "Calendar of State Papers Foreign" on several occasions. Following the successful mission, Nicasius was sent as a special ambassador several times to Denmark, Germany, and France. He would also serve twice as a commissioner of the Army.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and family.

paragraph: On January 31, 1571, he married in Namur Genoveve de Romaignan, daughter of Laurens de Romaignan and Philippotte le Noire. Genoveve died the following year, leaving Nicasius a son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laurens de Sille (1572-1637), burgomeister of Arnhem and later treasurer of Brabant; he and his wife Walburga Everwyn had five children, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicasius de Sille (1610-c.1674), who emigrated to New Amsterdam in 1653 and became First Councillor to Governor Peter Stuyvesant

paragraph: De Sille remarried to Johanna de Trello (also: de Thrello, van Trillo), and had two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johanna de Sille, who married Sir Daniel van Hofdijck, Lord of Middelharnis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clara de Sille

paragraph: He died in Amsterdam on August 22, 1600, and was buried there at the Oude Kerk.

description: Dutch diplomat

wikidata_label: Nicasius de Sille

wikipedia_title: Nicasius de Sille


text:
Nguyễn Dynasty
Minh Mạng
Confucianism
Indochina
missionaries
Roman Catholic
USS Constitution
Dominique Lefèbvre
Tourane
mandarins
junks
The Nguyen Phuoc Dynasty Genealogy

categories: 1847 deaths,Place of death missing,People from Huế,Place of birth missing,Nguyen dynasty emperors,1807 births

paragraph: Thiệu Trị

paragraph: Thiệu Trị (, , lit. "inheritance of prosperity"; 6 June 1807 – 4 November 1847), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông or Nguyễn Phúc Tuyền, was the third emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty. He was the eldest son of Emperor Minh Mạng, and reigned from 14 February 1841 until his death on 4 November 1847.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Emperor Thiệu Trị was much like his father, Minh Mạng, and carried on his conservative policies of isolationism and the entrenchment of Confucianism. Highly educated in the Confucian tradition, Thiệu Trị had some curiosity about the West, but like his father was very suspicious of all non-Vietnamese outsiders. At this same time, the French were in a colonial race with Great Britain and were pushing hard for stronger relations with Indochina. This, just as in the reign of Minh Mạng, also brought up Christian missionaries, mostly Spanish and French, who ignored the ban. When Trị began to imprison the missionaries, it prompted an immediate response from France. In 1843, the French government sent a military expedition to Indochina with orders to protect and defend French interests, free the illegal missionaries, if possible without causing an international incident.

paragraph: Trị's determination to eliminate all Roman Catholic missionaries from his country could not be reconciled with a peaceful relationship with France. In 1845, this almost prompted a clash between Vietnam and the American warship USS Constitution which attempted to force Trị to free the missionary Dominique Lefèbvre, who had repeatedly come to Vietnam illegally multiple times. The French task force reached Tourane on 23 March 1847, and demanded that the safety of French nationals be assured and for Thiệu Trị to cease the persecution of missionaries.

paragraph: The imperial mandarins put off delivering the emperor's reply and fighting broke out. Thiệu Trị had fortified the coast, but the French forces easily defeated the Vietnamese due to the Nguyễn Dynasty's inferior equipment. All of the Vietnamese coastal forts were destroyed and three Nguyễn junks were sunk before the French squadron sailed away. Thiệu Trị called all missionaries enemy spies and demanded that all Christians should be executed on the spot. The mandarins did not put this order into effect and Emperor Thiệu Trị died shortly afterwards; no missionaries were actually ever executed during his reign.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Nguyen Phuoc Dynasty Genealogy, page 7, http://4dw.net/royalark

description: Third emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn Dynasty

wikidata_label: Thiệu Trị

wikipedia_title: Thiệu Trị


text:
King of Connacht
Ireland
William de Burgh
Aedh mac Felim Ua Conchobair
Fionnuala Ní Conchobair
Clonfert
Aedh Ua Conchobair

categories: Gaels,O'Conor dynasty,People from County Roscommon,Kings of Connacht,1265 deaths,13th-century Irish monarchs

paragraph: Felim Ua Conchobair

paragraph: Feidlim Ua Conchobair a.k.a. Fedhlim O'Connor was King of Connacht in Ireland, having been proclaimed King by William de Burgh in 1230, he reigned from 1233–65. Fedhlim died in 1265 and was buried in the Dominican Priory in Roscommon which he founded in 1253. He was succeeded by his eldest son Aedh mac Felim Ua Conchobair.

paragraph: Among his sons were Aed MadFedlimid (-1274), and Aed Muimnech MacFedlimid a.k.a. Aedh mac Felim Ua Conchobair (-1280). A daughter, Fionnuala Ní Conchobair died in 1301 as abbess of Kilcreevanty, Clonfert. Having married while his brother Aedh Ua Conchobair was designated heir, he more than likely married someone of non-noble birth and thus her name does not appear in the annals.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Both King and Vassal: Feidlim Ua Conchobair of Connacht, 1230-65", Freya Verstraten, pp. 13–37, Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 55, 2003

description: Irish king

wikidata_label: Felim Ua Conchobair

wikipedia_title: Felim Ua Conchobair