text: underground

text: experimental film

text: actor

text: author

text: surrealism

text: homoeroticism

text: occult

text: Aleister Crowley

text: Thelema

text: Santa Monica, California

text: A Midsummer Night's Dream

text: Fireworks

text: Alfred Kinsey

text: Rabbit's Moon

text: Eaux d'Artifice

text: Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome

text: Scorpio Rising

text: Kustom Kar Kommandos

text: Hollywood Babylon

text: urban legend

text: countercultural

text: Tennessee Williams

text: Mick Jagger

text: Keith Richards

text: Jimmy Page

text: Marianne Faithfull

text: Anton LaVey

text: Invocation of My Demon Brother

text: Lucifer Rising

text: Auguste and Louis Lumière

text: Georges Méliès

text: Maya Deren

text: Martin Scorsese

text: David Lynch

text: John Waters

text: Santa Monica, California

text: German ancestry

text: Troy, Ohio

text: English ancestry

text: Douglas Aircraft

text: Great Depression

text: The Singing Fool

text: Thunder Over Mexico

text: child prodigy

text: Shirley Temple

text: Warner Brothers

text: A Midsummer Night's Dream

text: Warner Brothers

text: University of Southern California

text: George Eastman House

text: Rochester, New York

text: Yosemite National Park

text: home movies

text: matador

text: Boy Scouts

text: Ink Spots

text: Attack on Pearl Harbor

text: Flash Gordon

text: Greek mythological

text: Minotaur

text: volcano

text: special effect

text: Beverly Hills High School

text: occult

text: Coronet Theatre

text: silent films

text: Curtis Harrington

text: Aleister Crowley

text: Thelema

text: experimental film

text: Maya Deren

text: John

text: James Whitney

text: occult

text: L. Frank Baum

text: Oz

text: Rosicrucian

text: ceremonial magic

text: Eliphas Levi

text: Sir James Frazer

text: The Golden Bough

text: Aleister Crowley

text: Thelema

text: Aiwass

text: The Book of the Law

text: University of Southern California

text: cannabis

text: peyote

text: Willard Maas

text: Fireworks

text: obscenity

text: Supreme Court of California

text: enfant terrible

text: Christmas tree

text: United States Navy

text: fourth of July

text: Alfred Kinsey

text: Institute for Sex Research

text: Puce Moment

text: Aztec

text: blacklisted

text: Jean Cocteau

text: Rabbit's Moon

text: Japanese mythology

text: Henri Langlois

text: Sergei Eisenstein

text: Que Viva Mexico!

text: Cardinal d'Este

text: Villa d'Este

text: Tivoli

text: urination

text: Vivaldi

text: Eaux d'Artifice

text: Stan Brakhage

text: Hekate

text: Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome

text: surrealist

text: pagan

text: Isis

text: Osiris

text: Pan

text: Marjorie Cameron

text: Jack Parsons

text: triptych

text: Expo 58

text: World Fair

text: Brussels

text: Alfred Kinsey

text: Abbey of Thelema

text: Cefalù

text: Sicily

text: Omnibus

text: Hollywood Babylon

text: Rudolph Valentino

text: Walt Disney

text: Goofy

text: Peg Entwistle

text: Lupe Vélez

text: Jean-Jacques Pauvert

text: erotica

text: sadomasochistic

text: Marjorie Cameron

text: biker

text: Scorpio Rising

text: Nazi

text: Jesus Christ

text: Blue Velvet

text: Bobby Vinton

text: Kris Jensen

text: I Will Follow Him

text: Little Peggy March

text: Thanatos

text: Ford Foundation

text: Kustom Kar Kommandos

text: Dream Lover

text: The Paris Sisters

text: Lo Duca

text: hippie

text: hallucinogen

text: LSD

text: Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome

text: Aleister Crowley

text: Anton LaVey

text: Church of Satan

text: Zeena Schreck

text: Andy Warhol

text: Victorian house

text: Russian Embassy

text: Aeon of Horus

text: tattooed

text: Bobby Beausoleil

text: Charles Manson

text: Gary Hinman

text: John Paul Getty, Jr.

text: Mick Jagger

text: Keith Richards

text: The Rolling Stones

text: Anita Pallenberg

text: Invocation of My Demon Brother

text: Gary Lachman

text: midnight movie

text: Elgin Theatre

text: Zachary Lazar

text: Lucifer Rising

text: Aeon of Horus

text: The Book of the Law

text: Marianne Faithfull

text: National Film Finance Corporation

text: Led Zeppelin

text: Jimmy Page

text: Boleskine House

text: Loch Ness

text: exorcise

text: Rabbit's Moon

text: Aleister Crowley

text: Tennessee Williams

text: Lucifer Rising

text: Aeon of Horus

text: Ancient Egypt

text: Isis

text: Donald Cammell

text: Osiris

text: Lilith

text: volcanoes

text: PBS

text: BBC

text: Nigel Finch

text: Palm Springs

text: British Film Institute

text: Aleister Crowley

text: Bloomsbury

text: Mickey Mouse

text: theremin

text: Brion Gysin

text: Dreamachine

text: Vincent Gallo

text: MoMA PS1

text: Tom Cruise

text: Scientologists

text: "Going Clear"

text: Church of Scientology

text: homoeroticism

text: semen

text: occult

text: Thelema

text: Aeon of Horus

text: ceremonial magic

text: Christmas tree

text: Lucifer

text: classical

text: pop

text: Kris Jensen

text: I Will Follow Him

text: Little Peggy March

text: Blue Velvet

text: Bobby Vinton

text: Mills Brothers

text: Combustible Edison

text: Maya Deren Award

text: Silver Lake Film Festival

text: Los Angeles Film Critics Association

text: Michael Snow

text: KKK

text: black people

text: Tibetan independence movement

text: Thelemite

text: Ordo Templi Orientis

text: Lucifer

text: Aeon of Horus

text: occultism

text: Anton LaVey

text: Church of Satan

text: Invocation of My Demon Brother

text: pagan

text: Wicca

text: Thelema

text: "Look Back at Anger"

text: The Observer

text: "Kustom Film Kommando"

text: The Austin Chronicle

text: Essay on Kustom Kar Kommandos

text: Artforum 1000 Words

categories: American Thelemites,Film directors from California,American male child actors,1927 births,American people of German descent,Gay artists,LGBT people from California,Gay writers,Writers from Santa Monica, California,Gay actors,American neopagans,American non-fiction writers,Male actors from Santa Monica, California,Living people,American experimental filmmakers,LGBT writers from the United States,LGBT screenwriters,LGBT directors,Psychedelic drug advocates

paragraph: Kenneth Anger

paragraph: Kenneth Anger (born Kenneth Wilbur Anglemyer, February 3, 1927) is an American underground experimental filmmaker, actor and author. Working exclusively in short films, he has produced almost forty works since 1937, nine of which have been grouped together as the "Magick Lantern Cycle". His films variously merge surrealism with homoeroticism and the occult, and have been described as containing "elements of erotica, documentary, psychodrama, and spectacle". Anger himself has been described as "one of America's first openly gay filmmakers, and certainly the first whose work addressed homosexuality in an undisguised, self-implicating manner", and his "role in rendering gay culture visible within American cinema, commercial or otherwise, is impossible to overestimate", with several being released prior to the legalization of homosexual acts between consenting adults in the United States. He has also focused upon occult themes in many of his films, being fascinated by the English gnostic mage and poet Aleister Crowley, and is an adherent of Thelema, the religion Crowley founded.

paragraph: Born to a middle-class family in Santa Monica, California, Anger would later claim to have been a child actor who appeared in the film "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (1935); the accuracy of this claim has come under dispute. He began making short films when he was ten years old, although his first film to gain any recognition, the homoerotic "Fireworks" (1947), would only be produced a decade later. The controversial nature of the work led to him being put on trial on obscenity charges, but he was acquitted. A friendship and working relationship began subsequently with pioneering sexologist Alfred Kinsey. Moving to Europe, Anger produced a number of other shorts inspired by the artistic avant-garde scene on the continent, such as "Rabbit's Moon" (released 1970) and "Eaux d'Artifice" (1953).

paragraph: Returning to the United States in 1953, he set about working on several new projects, including the films "Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome" (1954), "Scorpio Rising" (1964), "Kustom Kar Kommandos" (1965), and the gossip book "Hollywood Babylon" (1965). The latter would become infamous for its many dubious and sensationalist claims, many of which were later disproven, though some do remain as urban legends. Getting to know several notable countercultural figures of the time, including Tennessee Williams, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Jimmy Page, Marianne Faithfull and Anton LaVey, Anger involved them in his subsequent Thelemite-themed works, "Invocation of My Demon Brother" (1969) and "Lucifer Rising" (1972). Following his failure to produce a sequel to "Lucifer Rising", Anger retired from filmmaking in the early 1980s, instead publishing the book "Hollywood Babylon II" (1982). At the dawn of the 21st century he once more returned to filmmaking, producing shorts for various film festivals and events.

paragraph: Anger has described filmmakers such as Auguste and Louis Lumière, Georges Méliès, and Maya Deren as influences, and has been cited as an important influence on later film directors like Martin Scorsese, David Lynch and John Waters. He has also been described as having "a profound impact on the work of many other filmmakers and artists, as well as on music video as an emergent art form using dream sequence, dance, fantasy, and narrative".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1927–35: Early life.

paragraph: Anger was born in Santa Monica, California, as Kenneth Wilbur Anglemyer on February 3, 1927. His father, Wilbur Anglemyer, was of German ancestry, and had been born in Troy, Ohio, while his disabled mother, Lillian Coler (who was the older of the pair), claimed English ancestry. The pair had met at the Ohio State University and after marrying had their first child, Jean Anglemyer, in 1918, followed by a second, Robert "Bob" Anglemyer, in 1921. That year they moved to Santa Monica to be near Lillian's mother, Bertha Coler, who herself had recently moved there. It was here where Wilbur got a job working as an electrical engineer at Douglas Aircraft, bringing in enough money so that they could live comfortably as a middle-class family.

paragraph: Kenneth, their third and final child, was born in 1927, but growing up he would fail to get along with either his parents or his siblings. His brother Bob later claimed that being the youngest child, Kenneth had been spoilt by his mother and grandmother, and as such had become somewhat "bratty." His grandmother, Bertha, was a big influence on the young Kenneth, and indeed helped to maintain the family financially during the Great Depression of the 1930s. It was she who first took Kenneth to the cinema, to see a double bill of "The Singing Fool" and "Thunder Over Mexico" and also encouraged his artistic interests. She herself later moved into a house in Hollywood with another woman, Miss Diggy, who equally encouraged Kenneth. He developed an early interest in film, and enjoyed reading the movie tie-in Big Little books. He would later relate that "I was a child prodigy who never got smarter." He retrospected his attendance at the Santa Monica Cotillon where child stars were encouraged to mix with non-famous children and through this met Shirley Temple, with whom he danced on one occasion.

paragraph: It was in 1935, he would later claim, that he had the chance to appear in a Hollywood film, taking the role of the Changeling Prince in the 1935 Warner Brothers film "A Midsummer Night's Dream". Set photographs and studio production reports (on file in the Warner Brothers collection at University of Southern California, and the Warner Bros. collection of studio key books at George Eastman House in Rochester, New York) in fact contradict Anger's claims, conclusively proving that the character was played by a girl named Sheila Brown. Anger's unofficial biographer, Bill Landis, remarked in 1995 that the Changeling Prince was definitely "Anger as a child; visually, he's immediately recognizable".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1937–46: First films.

paragraph: Anger's first film was created in 1937, when he was only ten years old. The short, titled "Ferdinand the Bull", had been shot on the remains of 16mm film to which had been left unused after the Anglemyer's family vacation to Yosemite National Park, where they had been making home movies with it. In "Ferdinand the Bull", which has never been made publicly available, Kenneth dressed as a matador, wearing a cape, while 2 of his friends from the Boy Scouts played the bull. His second work, "Who Has Been Rocking My Dreamboat", which Anger himself often considers to be his first proper film, was made from footage of children playing during the summer, accompanied with popular songs by bands, including the Ink Spots. Anger had created "Who Has Been Rocking My Dreamboat" in 1941, when he was fourteen, shortly before the Attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent entry of the United States into the Second World War, adding to the poignancy of this early work. The following year he produced another amateur film, "Prisoner of Mars", which was heavily influenced by "Flash Gordon", a series that he was a fan of. In this science fiction-inspired feature, he added elements taken from the Greek mythological myth of the Minotaur and himself played the protagonist, as well as constructing a small volcano in his back yard to create a form of home-made special effect. It is believed that many of these early films are lost, with Anger burning much of his previous work in 1967.

paragraph: In 1944, the Anglemyers moved to Hollywood to live with their grandmother, and Kenneth began attending Beverly Hills High School. It was here, he met Maxine Peterson, who had once been the stand-in for Shirley Temple, and he asked her - alongside another classmate and an old woman to appear in his next film project, which he initially called "Demigods", but was later retitled "Escape Episode". Revolving partially around the occult, it was filmed in a "spooky old castle" in Hollywood, and was subsequently screened at the Coronet Theatre on North La Cienega Blvd. in Los Angeles. Around this time, Anger also began attending the screenings of silent films held at Clara Grossman's art gallery, through which he met a fellow filmmaker, Curtis Harrington, and together they formed Creative Film Associates (CFA). Harrington is said to have introduced Anger to the work of Aleister Crowley. Crowley's philosophy of Thelema would exert a profound influence on the remainder of Anger's career. CFA was founded to distribute experimental films or "underground films" such as those of Maya Deren, John and James Whitney, as well as Anger's and Harrington's.

paragraph: In high school, Anger started to become interested in the occult, which he had first indirectly encountered through reading L. Frank Baum's "Oz" books as a child, with their accompanying Rosicrucian philosophies. Kenneth was very interested in the works of the French ceremonial magician Eliphas Levi, as well as Sir James Frazer's "The Golden Bough", although his favorite writings were those of the English occultist Aleister Crowley. Crowley had founded a religion known as Thelema based upon a spiritual experience that he had in Egypt in 1904, in which he claimed a being known as Aiwass had contacted him and recited to him "The Book of the Law". Kenneth subsequently became a great fan of Crowley's work and converted to Thelema.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1947–49: "Fireworks" and early career.

paragraph: As Anger discovered his homosexuality, at a time when homosexual acts were still illegal in the United States, he began associating with the underground gay scene. At some point in the mid-1940s, he was arrested by the police in a "homosexual entrapment", after which he decided to move out of his parents' home, gaining his own sparse apartment largely financed by his grandmother, and abandoning the name Anglemyer in favor of Anger. He started attending the University of Southern California, where he studied cinema, and also began experimenting with the use of mind-altering drugs like cannabis and peyote. It was then that he decided to produce a film that would deal with his sexuality, just as other gay avant-garde film makers like Willard Maas were doing in that decade. The result was the short film "Fireworks", which was created in 1947 but only exhibited publicly in 1948.

paragraph: Upon release of the work, Anger was arrested on obscenity charges. He was acquitted, after the case went to the Supreme Court of California, which deemed it to be art rather than pornography. Anger made the claim to have been seventeen years old when he made it, despite the fact that he was actually twenty, presumably to present himself as more of an "enfant terrible". A homoerotic work lasting only 14 minutes, "Fireworks" revolves around a young man (played by Anger himself) associating with various navy sailors, who eventually turn on him, stripping him naked and beating him to death, ripping open his chest to find a compass inside. Several fireworks then explode, accompanied by a burning Christmas tree and the final shot shows the young man lying in bed next to another shirtless man. Of this film, Anger would later state in 1966 that "This flick is all I have to say about being 17, the United States Navy, American Christmas and the fourth of July." He would continuously alter and adapt the film up until 1980, with it finally being distributed on VHS in 1986.

paragraph: One of the first people to buy a copy of "Fireworks" was the sexologist Dr. Alfred Kinsey of the Institute for Sex Research. He and Anger struck up a friendship that would last until the doctor's death, during which time Anger aided Kinsey in his research. According to Anger's unofficial biographer Bill Landis, Kinsey became a "father figure" whom Anger "could both interact with and emulate." Meanwhile, in 1949 Anger began work on a film called "Puce Women", which unlike "Fireworks" was filmed in color. It starred Yvonne Marquis as a glamorous woman going about her daily life; Anger would later state that ""Puce Women" was my love affair with Hollywood ... with all the great goddesses of the silent screen. They were to be filmed in their homes; I was, in effect, filming ghosts." A lack of funding meant that only one scene was ever produced, which was eventually released under the title "Puce Moment". That same year, Anger directed "The Love That Whirls", a film based upon Aztec human sacrifice but, because of the nudity that it contained, it was destroyed by technicians at the film lab, who deemed it to be obscene.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1950–53: France, "Rabbit's Moon" and "Eaux d'Artifice".

paragraph: In 1950, Anger moved to Paris, France, where he initially stayed with friends of his (who themselves had been forced to leave Hollywood after being blacklisted for formerly having belonged to trade union organisations). He would later remark that he travelled to the country after receiving a letter from the French director Jean Cocteau in which he told Anger of his admiration for "Fireworks" (shown in 1949 at Festival du Film Maudit in Biarritz, France). Upon arrival, Anger and Cocteau became friends, with the Frenchman giving the young protege his permission to make a movie of his ballet "The Young Man and Death", although at the time there were no financial backers for the project. While in Paris he continued producing short films; in 1950 he started filming on "Rabbit's Moon", which was also known as "La Lune des Lapins" and revolved around a clown who was staring up at the moon, in which a rabbit lived, something found within Japanese mythology. Anger produced 20 minutes of footage at the Films du Pantheon Studio in the city before he was rushed out of the studio, leaving the film uncompleted. He stored the footage in the disorganized archives of the Cinémathèque Française, and only collected it again in 1970, when he finally finished and released "Rabbit's Moon". It was at the Cinémathèque Française that he was given by the head, Henri Langlois, prints of Sergei Eisenstein's "Que Viva Mexico!", which he attempted to put into Eisenstein's original order.

paragraph: In 1953, he travelled to Rome, Italy where he planned to make a film about the sixteenth century occultist Cardinal d'Este. To do so, he began filming at the garden of the Villa d'Este in Tivoli, in which a lady in eighteenth century dress walked through the gardens, which featured many waterfalls (an allusion to the fact that d'Este allegedly sexually enjoyed urination), accompanied by the music of Vivaldi. This was supposedly going to be only the first of four scenes, but the others were not made; the resulting one-scene film was titled "Eaux d'Artifice". As Anger's biographer Bill Landis remarked, "It's one of Anger's most tranquil works; his editing makes it soft, lush, and inviting. "Eaux d'Artifice" remains a secretive romp through a private garden, all for the masked figure's and the viewer-voyeur's pleasure."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1953–60: "Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome" and "Hollywood Babylon".

paragraph: In 1953, soon after the production of "Eaux d'Artifice", Anger's mother died and he temporarily returned to the United States in order to assist with the distribution of her estate. It was during this return that he began to once more immerse himself in the artistic scene of California, befriending the film maker Stan Brakhage, who had been inspired by "Fireworks", and the two collaborated on producing a film, but it was confiscated at the film lab for obscenity and presumably destroyed. Around this time, two of Anger's friends, the couple Renate Druks and Paul Mathiesin held a party based upon the theme of "Come As Your Madness"; Anger himself attended dressed in drag as the ancient Greek goddess Hekate. The party and its many costumes inspired Anger, who produced a painting of it, and asked several of those who attended to appear in a new film that he was creating – "Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome". "Inauguration", which was created in 1954, was a 38-minute surrealist work featuring many Crowleyan and Thelemite themes, with many of the various characters personifying various pagan gods such as Isis, Osiris and Pan. One of the actresses in the film was Marjorie Cameron, the widow of Jack Parsons, the influential American Thelemite who had died a few years previously, while Anger himself played Hecate. He would subsequently exhibit the film at various European film festivals, winning the Prix du Ciné-Club Belge and the Prix de l'Age d'Or, as well as screening it in the form of a projected triptych at Expo 58, the World Fair held in Brussels in 1958.

paragraph: In 1955, Anger and his friend Alfred Kinsey traveled to the derelict Abbey of Thelema in Cefalù, Sicily, to film a short documentary titled "Thelema Abbey". The abbey itself had been used by Aleister Crowley for his commune during the 1920s, and Anger restored many of the erotic wall-paintings that were found there, as well as performing certain Crowleyan rituals at the site. The documentary was made for the British television series "Omnibus", but was later lost. The following year Kinsey died and Anger decided to return to Paris, where he was described at the time as being "extremely remote and lonely".

paragraph: In desperate need of money, Anger wrote a book titled "Hollywood Babylon" in which he collected together gossip regarding celebrities, some of which he claims he had been told. This included claiming (with no corroboration or citing of sources) that Rudolph Valentino liked to play a sexually submissive role to dominant women, that Walt Disney was a drug user, addicted to opiates (reflected in the character of Goofy, who's perpetually stoned on cannabis), as well as describing the nature of the deaths of Peg Entwistle and Lupe Vélez. The work was not published in the United States initially, and it was first released by the French publisher Jean-Jacques Pauvert. A pirated (and incomplete) version was first published in the U.S. in 1965, with the official American version not being published until 1974. Now with some financial backing from the publication of "Hollywood Babylon", his next film project was "The Story of O"; essentially a piece of erotica featuring a heterosexual couple engaged in sadomasochistic sexual activities, although it refrained from showing any explicit sexual images.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1961–65: "Scorpio Rising" and "Kustom Kar Kommandos".

paragraph: In 1961, Anger once more returned to America, where he lived for a time with Marjorie Cameron. Meanwhile, he began work on a new feature, a film about the emerging biker subculture, which he titled "Scorpio Rising". For this, he employed a biker named Richard McAuley, and filmed him and some of his friends messing around, adding to it scenes of McAuley, or "Scorpio" as he became known, desecrating a derelict church. Anger incorporated more controversial visuals into the piece, including Nazi iconography, nudity, and clips of the life of Jesus Christ taken from Family Films' "The Living Bible: Last Journey to Jerusalem". In "Scorpio Rising", Anger intercuts images of Christ from the cheap religious film with those of Scorpio. The whole film has a soundtrack made up of popular 1960s songs, including "Blue Velvet" by Bobby Vinton, "Torture" by Kris Jensen and "I Will Follow Him" by Little Peggy March. Anger himself described the film as "a death mirror held up to American culture ... Thanatos in chrome, black leather, and bursting jeans." It immediately became popular on the underground cinema scene although was soon brought to court with complaints claiming that it was obscene. The all-female jury ruled in favor of the prosecutors, and "Scorpio Rising" was banned, although this ban was subsequently overturned on appeal to the California State Supreme Court.

paragraph: With "Scorpio Rising" finished and Anger now living in San Francisco, he went to the Ford Foundation, which had just started a program of giving out grants to filmmakers. He showed them his ideas for a new artistic short, titled "Kustom Kar Kommandos", which they approved of, and gave him a grant of $10,000. However, Anger spent much of the money on living expenses and making alterations to some of his earlier films, meaning that by the time he actually created "Kustom Kar Kommandos", it was only one scene long. This homoerotic film involved various shots of a young man polishing a drag strip racing car, accompanied with a pink background and the song "Dream Lover" by The Paris Sisters. Soon after, Anger struck a deal that allowed "Hollywood Babylon" to be officially published in the United States for the first time, where it proved a success, selling two million copies during the 1960s, and around the same time Anger also translated Lo Duca's "History of Eroticism" into English for American publication.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1966–69: The hippie movement and "Invocation of My Demon Brother".

paragraph: The mid-1960s saw the emergence of the hippie scene and the increasing use of the mind-altering drugs that Anger himself had been using for many years. In particular, the hallucinogen LSD, which at the time was still legal in the United States, was very popular, and in 1966 Anger released a version of his earlier film, "Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome" titled the "Sacred Mushroom Edition" which was screened to people while taking LSD, thereby heightening their sensory experience. By this time, Anger had become well known throughout the underground scene in the United States, and several cinemas across the country screened his better known films all in one event. With this growing fame, Anger began to react to publicity in much the same way as his idol Aleister Crowley had done, for instance describing himself as "the most monstrous moviemaker in the underground", a pun on the fact that Crowley had been labelled "the wickedest man in the world" by the British tabloids in the 1920s. Anger's fame on the underground circuit allowed him to increasingly associate with other celebrities, including Anton LaVey, the founder of the Church of Satan who named Anger as godfather to Zeena Schreck (LaVey's daughter). Despite Anger and LaVey's differing philosophies, the two became good friends and would remain so for many years. However, Anger also held a resentment towards certain celebrities, namely Andy Warhol, who at the time was achieving success not only in the art world but also in the underground film scene. In 1980 Anger threw paint over the front door of a house that Warhol had recently moved out of.

paragraph: In 1966, Anger moved into the ground floor of a large nineteenth-century Victorian house in San Francisco known as the Russian Embassy. Around this time he began planning a new film titled "Lucifer Rising" echoing his Thelemite beliefs about the emerging Aeon of Horus. He tattooed the name of Lucifer upon his chest and began searching for a young man who could symbolically become Lucifer, "the Crowned and Conquering Child" of the new Aeon, for "Lucifer Rising". While living at the Russian Embassy, he met and lived with various young men who could fit the position. Finally, he settled upon Bobby Beausoleil for the role of Lucifer. Beausoleil founded a band, the Magic Powerhouse of Oz, in order to record the music for the film. In 1967, Anger said that the footage which he had been filming for "Lucifer Rising" had been stolen, placing the blame on Beausoleil, who would deny the claims. Anger's unofficial biographer Bill Landis quotes Beausoleil who states, "what had happened was that Kenneth had spent all the money that was invested in "Lucifer Rising"" and that he therefore invented the story to satisfy the film's creditors. Beausoleil and Anger fell out, with the former getting involved with Charles Manson and his cult, the Family, eventually carrying out Manson's bidding by torturing and murdering Gary Hinman.

paragraph: In the October 26, 1967 issue of "Village Voice", Anger publicly reinvented himself by placing a full-page advert declaring "In Memoriam. Kenneth Anger. Filmmaker 1947–1967". He soon publicly reappeared, this time to claim that he had burned all of his early work. The following year he travelled to London where he first met John Paul Getty, Jr., who became Anger's patron, and where he also met and befriended Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, members of The Rolling Stones, as well as actress/model Anita Pallenberg. Anger then decided to use much of the footage created for "Lucifer Rising" in a new film of his, "Invocation of My Demon Brother", which starred Beausoleil, LaVey, Jagger and Richards, as well as Anger himself, and the music for which had been composed by Jagger. It was released in 1969, and explored many of the Thelemic themes that Anger had originally intended for "Lucifer Rising". Author Gary Lachman believes the film "inaugurat[ed] the midnight movie cult at the Elgin Theatre." The story of the film, its making, and the people involved are the inspiration for the novel "Sway", by Zachary Lazar.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1970–81: "Lucifer Rising".

paragraph: Having used up much of the footage originally intended for "Lucifer Rising" for "Invocation of My Demon Brother", Anger again set about to create "Lucifer Rising", a symbolic analogy of the coming Aeon of Horus as prophesied in the Thelemic sacred text, "The Book of the Law". Anger persuaded the singer and actress Marianne Faithfull to appear in it. He also tried to convince his friend Mick Jagger to play the part of Lucifer in the film but Jagger refused. Instead he offered his brother Chris for the part. Anger accepted, but was not happy about it. Anger subsequently filmed eight minutes of film and showed it to the British National Film Finance Corporation who agreed to provide £15,000 in order for Anger to complete it – something that caused a level of outrage in the British press. With this money, he could afford to fly the cast and crew to both Germany and Egypt for filming. Anger befriended Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page around this time, the two sharing a great interest in Crowley. At Page's invitation, Anger travelled to Page's new home, Crowley's former residence Boleskine House located on the shores of Loch Ness in Scotland, to help the musician exorcise the building of what Page believed to be a headless man's ghost. Page subsequently agreed to produce the soundtrack for "Lucifer Rising", and used the editing suite which was in the basement of his London home to shape the music which he produced. Anger later fell out with Page's wife Charlotte, who kicked him out of the house. In retaliation, Anger called a press conference in which he ridiculed Page and threatened to "throw a Kenneth Anger curse" on him. Page's music was dumped from the film and replaced in 1979 by music written and recorded by the imprisoned Bobby Beausoleil, with whom Anger had reconciled.

paragraph: Meanwhile, Anger, who moved to an apartment in New York City, took the footage that he had filmed for "Rabbit's Moon" in the 1950s, finally releasing the film in 1972, and again in a shorter version in 1979. Around the same time he also added a new soundtrack to "Puce Moment" and re-released it. It was also around this time that the publisher Marvin Miller produced a low budget documentary film based on "Hollywood Babylon" without Anger's permission, which upset Anger and lead to a lawsuit. He also created a short film titled "Senators in Bondage" which was only available to private collectors and which has never been made publicly available, and had plans to make a film about Aleister Crowley titled "The Wickedest Man in the World", but this project never got off the ground. In 1980, he holidayed with his friend, the playwright Tennessee Williams.

paragraph: It was in 1981, a decade after starting the project, that he finally finished and released the 30-minute-long "Lucifer Rising". Based upon the Thelemite concept that mankind had entered a new period known as the Aeon of Horus, "Lucifer Rising" was full of occult symbolism, starring Miriam Gibril as the Ancient Egyptian goddess Isis and Donald Cammell as her consort Osiris, as well as Marianne Faithfull as Jewish mythological figure Lilith and Leslie Huggins as Lucifer himself. Anger once again appeared in the film, starring as the Magus, the same role that he played in "Invocation to My Demon Brother". He had surrealistically combined the roles that these characters played with footage of volcanoes, various ancient Egyptian temples and a Crowleyan adept reading from the man's texts.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1982–99: Retirement.

paragraph: Soon after the release of "Lucifer Rising", a PBS documentary of Anger and his films was made, titled "Kenneth Anger's Magick", which was directed by Kit Fitzgerald, who later recalled interviewing him in his New York flat on a very hot July evening, during which Anger revealed that he was so broke that he had been forced to sell his air conditioner. Anger himself considered producing other films that would continue on from "Lucifer Rising" in a series, and he began referring to his finished film as "Part I: Sign Language", to be followed by two further parts. Nonetheless, these projects would never be finished, and Anger himself would not produce any further films for nearly two decades. In need of money, Anger subsequently released "Hollywood Babylon II" in 1984, as well as continuing to screen his films at various festivals and at universities; around this time he began wearing an eyepatch to these public events, something likely due to him having been beaten up and getting a bruised eye, a story that he would bring up in various interviews, although partly changing who it was who had beaten him up in various versions of the story. In 1984, a notorious incident occurred when Anger was invited to appear on "The Coca Crystal Show", however upon arriving at the studio he demanded that somebody pay for his taxi ride there, and when they refused, he attacked the talent coordinator Maureen Ivice and tried to drag her into his taxi, before she was rescued by other members of staff – Anger reportedly escaped the scene by flinging a $100 bill at the cab driver and screaming "GET ME OUT OF HERE!"

paragraph: In 1986, he sold the video rights to his films, which finally appeared on VHS, allowing them to have greater publicity. The following year he attended the Avignon Film Festival in France where his work was being celebrated in commemoration of the fortieth anniversary of "Fireworks". Soon after this, he appeared in "Kenneth Anger's Hollywood Babylon", a BBC documentary for the "Arena" series directed by Nigel Finch. In 1991, Anger moved to West Arenas Boulevard in Palm Springs, where the British Film Institute sent Rebecca Wood to assist him in writing an autobiography, which was never actually produced. Instead, in 1995, Bill Landis, who had been an associate of Anger's in the early 1980s, wrote an unofficial biography of him, which Anger himself condemned, describing Landis as "an avowed enemy".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:2000–present: Return to filmmaking.

paragraph: For twenty years from the early 1980s, Anger released no new material. In 2000, at the dawn of the new millennium, Anger began screening a new short film, the anti-smoking "Don't Smoke That Cigarette", followed a year later by "The Man We Want to Hang", which comprised images of Aleister Crowley's paintings that had been exhibited at a temporary exhibition in Bloomsbury, London. In 2004, he began showing "Anger Sees Red", a short surrealistic film starring himself, and the same year also began showing another work, "Patriotic Penis". He soon followed this with a flurry of other shorts, including "Mouse Heaven", which consisted of images of Mickey Mouse memorabilia, "Ich Will!" and "Uniform Attraction", all of which he showed at various public appearances. Anger's most recent project has been the "Technicolor Skull" with musician Brian Butler, described as a "magick ritual of light and sound in the context of a live performance", in which Anger plays the theremin, and Butler plays the guitar and other electronic instruments, behind a psychedelic backdrop of colors and skulls.

paragraph: Anger makes an appearance in the 2008 feature documentary by Nik Sheehan about Brion Gysin and the Dreamachine titled "FLicKeR". Anger also appears alongside Vincent Gallo in the 2009 short film "Night of Pan" written and directed by Brian Butler. In 2009 his work was featured in a retrospective exhibition at the MoMA PS1 in New York City, and the following year a similar exhibition took place in London.

paragraph: Anger has finished writing "Hollywood Babylon III", but has not yet published it, fearing severe legal repercussions if he did so. Of this he has stated that "The main reason I didn't bring it out was that I had a whole section on Tom Cruise and the Scientologists. I'm not a friend of the Scientologists." Despite withholding legal action against the highly critical 2015 film "Going Clear", the Church of Scientology was known on earlier occasions to heavily sue those making accusations against them.

paragraph: Section::::Themes.

paragraph: Several recurring themes can be seen within Anger's cinematic work. One of the most notable of these is homoeroticism; this was first seen in "Fireworks" (1947), which was based around Anger's own homosexual awakening, and featured various navy officers flexing their muscles, and a white liquid (often thought of as symbolising semen), pouring over the protagonist's body. Similar homoerotic imagery is found in "Scorpio Rising" (1963), which stars a muscled, topless, leather-clad biker, and "Kustom Kar Kommandos" (1965), where a young man sensually polishes a car, with close up shots of his tight-fitting jeans and crotch. Images of naked men also appear in "Invocation of My Demon Brother" (1969), where they are eventually filmed wrestling, and in "Anger Sees Red" (2004), in which a muscled, topless man performs press-ups.

paragraph: Another recurring theme in Anger's films is that of the occult, particularly the symbolism of his own esoteric religion, Thelema. This is visible in "Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome", "Invocation of My Demon Brother" and "Lucifer Rising", all of which are based around the Thelemite concept of the Aeon of Horus and feature actors portraying various pagan gods. Anger himself linked the creation of film to the occult, particularly the practice of ceremonial magic, something that Aleister Crowley had been a noted practitioner of, and Anger once stated that "making a movie is casting a spell."

paragraph: One of the central recurring images found in Anger's work is the concept of flames and light; in "Fireworks" there are various examples of this, including a burning Christmas tree, and it subsequently appears in many of his other works as well. This relates to the concept of Lucifer, a deity whom Anger devoted one of his films to, and whose name is Latin for "light bearer".

paragraph: In many of his films, heavy use is made of music, both classical and pop, to accompany the visual imagery. For instance, in "Scorpio Rising" he makes use of the 1950s pop songs "Torture" by Kris Jensen, "I Will Follow Him" by Little Peggy March and "Blue Velvet" by Bobby Vinton. He first used music to accompany visuals in the 1941 work "Who Has Been Rocking My Dreamboat?", where he used tracks by the Mills Brothers. His use of popular music to accompany his films has been cited as a key influence on the development of music videos and of MTV, although he has stated his dislike for the whole music video industry. On one occasion the band Combustible Edison asked him if he would direct a video to accompany their song "Bluebeard" but he declined the offer, believing that while music could be used to accompany film, it was pointless to do it the other way around.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maya Deren Award, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silver Lake Film Festival Spirit of Silver Lake Award (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Francisco International Film Festival Golden Gate Persistence of Vision Award (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Angeles Film Critics Association Douglas Edwards Independent/Experimental Film/Video Award (2002), "for his body of work"; tied with Michael Snow, for "*Corpus Callosum"

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Anger has always been an "extremely private individual," although he has given various interviews over the years, with one interviewer, David Wingrove, describing him in 2008 as "a joy. Gentle, soft-spoken, immaculately tanned, he looks a good two decades younger than his 78 years". In such interviews, he refuses to disclose information on his name change from Anglemeyer to Anger, telling an interviewer who brought the topic up in 2004 that "You're being impertinent. It says Anger on my passport, that's all you need to know. I would stay away from that subject if I were you." In a 2010 interview, however, he stated that, "I just condensed my name. I knew it would be like a label, a logo. It's easy to remember." Anger is openly gay. He once joked that he was "somewhat to the right of the KKK" in his views about black people, opening him up to criticism for racism, though this was likely a "Crowley-esque joke". He supports the Tibetan independence movement.

paragraph: After many years as an acknowledged Thelemite, Anger joined the main Thelemic organisation, the Ordo Templi Orientis. He viewed many of the men he associated with as living embodiments of Lucifer, a symbol of the Aeon of Horus in Thelemic philosophy, and had his own name inked onto his chest with the Lucifer tattoo. Anger has shown an interest in various other religious movements, particularly those that relate in some way to occultism. For instance, Kenneth was a lifelong friend of Anton LaVey from before the founding of the Church of Satan in the 1960s and even lived with him and his family during the 1980s. LaVey also made an appearance in one of Anger's films, "Invocation of My Demon Brother" (1969) as a devilish priest. Anger describes himself as a "pagan" and refuses to consider himself to be a Satanist. He also characterized Wicca as being a "lunar", feminine religion in contrast with the "solar" masculinity of Thelema.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hutchinson, Alice L. (ed). 2004. "Kenneth Anger". Black Dog Publishing Ltd. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hunter, Jack (ed). 2002. "Moonchild. The Films of Kenneth Anger: Persistence of Vision Volume 1". London: Creation Books. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Landis, Bill. 1995. "Anger: The Unauthorized Biography of Kenneth Anger". .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lazar, Zachary, "Sway", Little, Brown (2008), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pilling, Jayne and O'Pray, Michael. 1989. "Into the Pleasure Dome: The Films of Kenneth Anger". London: BFI.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bhattacharya Sanjiv, "Look Back at Anger". August 22, 2004. "The Observer".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claiborne K.H. Smith, "Kustom Film Kommando". November 17, 1997. "The Austin Chronicle".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon Braund. "Kenneth Anger: The King of Babylon". "Empire" (Sept 2008), 86-92.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- bentclouds.com. Essay on Kustom Kar Kommandos "Non-Normative Sex in Kustom Kar Kommandos".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Film Journal". Review of Alice Hutchison's book on Anger

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artforum 1000 Words

description: Film director, author

wikidata_label: Kenneth Anger

wikipedia_title: Kenneth Anger


text:
Sixteen Kingdoms
Six Dynasties
courtesy name
genre
Jin Dynasty (265–420)
War of the Eight Princes
Xiongnu
Chanyu
Liu Yuan
Wu Hu uprising
Former Qin
Fufeng County
Shaanxi Province
Qinzhou District
Tianshui
Gansu
brocade
Tang period
Song Dynasty
Li Fang
Ming Dynasty
Flowers in the Mirror
Qing Dynasty
Classical Chinese poetry
Classical Chinese poetry genres
Six dynasties poetry

categories: Sixteen Kingdoms writers,Year of birth missing,Former Qin people,Writers from Baoji,Chinese women poets,Poets from Shaanxi,Year of death missing,Six Dynasties poets,4th-century Chinese people

paragraph: Su Hui (poet)

paragraph: Su Hui (, Fourth Century CE) was a Chinese poet of the Middle Sixteen Kingdoms period (304 to 439) during the Six Dynasties period. Her courtesy name is Ruolan (). Su is famous for her extremely complex "palindrome" ("huiwen" 回文) poem, apparently having innovated this genre, as well as producing the most complex example to date.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The Jin Dynasty (265–420) had briefly unified the Chinese empire, in 280, but from 291 to 306 a multi-sided civil war known as the War of the Eight Princes raged through northern China, devastating that part of the country. For the first thirteen years this was an all-out struggle for power among princes and dukes. Then in 304 CE the leader of the formerly independent ethnic nation of the Northern Xiongnu declared independence, under its newly declared Grand Chanyu, Liu Yuan (later Prince Han Zhao). Various other non-Han Chinese groups became involved, in what is known as the Wu Hu uprising. By 317 the last Jin prince left standing, now as emperor, ruled an empire reduced to its former southern area, and the former northern part of the Jin empire had been subdivided into a number of independent states. In 351, the state of Former Qin was founded, and by 376 it had succeeded in unifying northern China. Su Hui was a poet of the kingdom of Former Qin (351-394). She was from a literate family, in what is now Fufeng County, in Shaanxi Province. She was the third daughter of Su Daozhi. Su Hui married at sixteen (fifteen, by Western reckoning), and went to live with her husband, Dou Tao, to what is now Qinzhou District, Tianshui, Prefecture, in Gansu Province, where he was the governor.

paragraph: Section::::Palindrome Poem: Xuanji Tu.

paragraph: Su Hui was known for an important and unusual poem. This was described in contemporary sources as shuttle-woven on brocade, meant to be read in a circle, and consisting of 112 or else 840 characters. By the Tang period, the following story about the poem was current:

paragraph: Another source, naming the poem as "Xuanji Tu" ("Picture of the Turning Sphere"), claims that it was a palindromic poem comprehensible only to Dou (which would explain why none of the Tang sources reprinted it), and that when he read it, he left his desert wife and returned to Su Hui.

paragraph: The text of the poem was circulated continuously in medieval China and was never lost, but during the Song Dynasty it became scarce. The 112 character version was included in early sources. The earliest excerpts of the 840 character version date from a 10th-century text by Li Fang. Several 13th century copies were attributed to famous women of the Song Dynasty, but falsely so. In the Ming Dynasty the poem became quite popular and scholars discovered 7,940 ways to read it. It was also mentioned in the story "Flowers in the Mirror". The poem is in the form of a twenty-nine by twenty-nine character grid, and can be read forward or backwards, horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, as well as within its color-coded grids.

paragraph: During the Qing Dynasty the character 心 (heart) was added to the center of the poem, so that it now has 841 characters.

paragraph: Section::::Other poems.

paragraph: Other poems attributed to Su Hui are extant, but seem to date from the Ming Period.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classical Chinese poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classical Chinese poetry genres

paragraph: BULLET::::- Six dynasties poetry

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hinton, David (2008). "Classical Chinese Poetry: An Anthology". New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. / .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wang, Eugene. "Patterns Above and Within: "Picture of the Turning Sphere" and Medieval Chinese Astral Imagination." In Wilt Idema, ed., "Book by Numbers", 49-89. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Interwiki links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (In Chinese)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (In Chinese) With color text and image versions of her "Xuanji Tu".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Interactive Chinese/English version of the text

description: Chinese  poet

wikidata_label: Su Hui

wikipedia_title: Su Hui (poet)


text:
American football
cornerback
Minnesota Vikings
National Football League
college football
Florida State
2013 NFL Draft
Miami Norland High School
Miami Gardens, Florida
wide receiver
running back
defensive back
football
track & field
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interceptions
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Collegefootballnews.com
Mike Harris
Greg Reid
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Duke
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Nagurski Trophy
Thorpe Award
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Josh Robinson
Leslie Frazier
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Calvin Johnson
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Matthew Stafford
Detroit Lions
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NFL Top 100 Players of 2018
Florida State Seminoles bio

categories: Florida State Seminoles football players,Minnesota Vikings players,Players of American football from Florida,1990 births,National Conference Pro Bowl players,American football cornerbacks,Living people

paragraph: Xavier Rhodes

paragraph: Xavier Rhodes (born June 19, 1990) is an American football cornerback for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Florida State. He was drafted by the Vikings in the first round, 25th overall of the 2013 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Rhodes attended Miami Norland High School in Miami Gardens, Florida, where he was a two-sport star in football and track. He played as a wide receiver, running back, and defensive back for the Miami Norland Vikings football team. As a junior, he recorded more than 1,000 all-purpose yards. In his senior year, he led his school in both rushing and receiving. He played in the 12th annual Nike South Florida All-Star game. He was honored as 6A FSWA first-team All-state selection, and a first-team All-Dade County athlete.

paragraph: Rhodes also excelled in track & field at Norland. In his first season of track in 2007, he posted a personal-best time of 48.60 seconds in the 400-meter dash. At the 2008 Sam Burley Hall of Fame Meet, he earned a third-place finish in the 200-meter dash event with a time of 22.25 seconds. As a senior, he qualified for the state finals in the 100-meter dash after running a career-best time of 10.70 seconds in the prelims of the regional championship.

paragraph: Regarded as a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Rhodes was listed as the No. 75 wide receiver and the No. 91 prospect in the state of Florida. He chose FSU over scholarship offers from West Virginia, Auburn, and Florida International.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Rhodes received an athletic scholarship to attend Florida State University, where he played for coach Jimbo Fisher's Florida State Seminoles football team from 2009 to 2012. He started 38 of 43 games in the secondary in his distinguished college career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Freshman (redshirt).

paragraph: As a freshman in 2009, Rhodes played in only two games against Boston College and Georgia Tech on special teams before suffering a hand injury that sidelined him for the rest of the season. He was granted a medical redshirt, preserving him another year of college eligibility.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Freshman.

paragraph: In 2010, Rhodes started all 14 games at the boundary cornerback position and emerged as a promising young star for FSU's vastly improved defense. He used his physical attributes to record 12 pass breakups and four interceptions, good for a share of the team lead. His pass breakups and 16 passes defended led all freshmen nationally. He was credited with three pass breakups in pivotal Atlantic Division wins over Boston College and Clemson. He also intercepted a pass in the end zone against the Tigers which proved to swing the momentum in the Seminoles' 16-13 victory. His previous interceptions came against BYU and NC State. A sure tackler, the Miami native ranked seventh on the team with 58 stops and his 49 solo tackles ranked fourth. Rhodes's ability to play close to the line of scrimmage in coverage enabled him to collect 3.5 tackles for loss on the season and two sacks. He recovered the first two fumbles of his career in FSU's home finale against Florida in a 31-7 rout. He was named one of the top newcomers on defense at the annual Florida State football banquet. In all, he recorded 54 tackles, four interceptions, and two sacks. He was named the ACC Defensive Rookie of the Year and was a consensus freshman All-American. He also earned National Defensive Freshman of the Year honors from "Collegefootballnews.com".

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Sophomore.

paragraph: In his redshirt sophomore season in 2011, Rhodes started as part of a three-man cornerback rotation with Mike Harris and Greg Reid. He made five tackles at Clemson, at Wake Forest, and Duke. Against Maryland, Rhodes tallied a season-high six tackles. He intercepted his first pass of the season against NC State. He finished with four tackles in the win over Notre Dame in the 2011 Champs Sports Bowl. He registered 43 stops (36 solo) on the season with 1.5 tackles for loss, one interception, and four pass-breakups for the season. He was selected as the Mr. Dependable Skill Award winner at the team's annual banquet.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Junior.

paragraph: For his junior season in 2012, Rhodes was named to preseason watchlists for the Bednarik Award and Nagurski Trophy. He was also the only player from the ACC to be named a semifinalist for the Thorpe Award. He defended 10 passes on the season, placing 11th in the ACC and leading all FSU players, while his three interceptions tied for 8th and also tied for the team lead, leading this to earn first-team All-ACC honors. He also added seven pass break-ups which tied for third on the team. He recorded 39 tackles (27 unassisted) and 2.0 tackles for loss. His third interception and eighth career pick came in the ACC Championship Game versus Georgia Tech. The two other picks came against Murray State and at USF. He forced and recovered a fumble in the Orange Bowl against Northern Illinois. He registered a season-high seven tackles at NC State. He anchored an FSU secondary that held nine of the top 10 receivers in the ACC at the time they faced them to a combined 22 catches for 244 yards. In the last 12 games, he was targeted 47 times and allowed just 13 completions for 88 yards with two interceptions and seven pass break-ups. He helped Florida State's defense lead the nation in yards allowed per play (3.86), rank second nationally in total defense (254.14 ypg) and rank in the top six nationally in scoring defense (14.71 ppg), rushing defense (92.29 ypg), pass defense (161.86 ypg), pass efficiency defense (95.43) and opponent three-and-outs (6.29 per game). He earned the Mr. Dependable Skill Award at the team's annual banquet for the second straight year.

paragraph: Shortly after FSU's 31–10 victory over Northern Illinois in the 2013 Orange Bowl, Rhodes announced his decision to forgo his final year of collegiate eligibility, entering the 2013 NFL Draft. "I did all I could in college. If I was to come back, I don't think my status would be getting any better," said Rhodes.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Coming out of Florida State, Rhodes was projected as a first-round selection in the 2013 NFL Draft by "Sports Illustrated".

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2013.

paragraph: The Minnesota Vikings selected Rhodes in the first round (25th overall) of the 2013 NFL Draft. The pick used to select him was acquired from the Seattle Seahawks in a trade for Percy Harvin. He was the fourth cornerback selected in 2013 and was the highest selected defensive back from Florida State since Antonio Cromartie was taken 19th overall by the San Diego Chargers in the 2006 NFL Draft.

paragraph: On July 13, 2013, the Minnesota Vikings signed Rhodes to a four-year, $7.80 million contract that includes $6.33 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $4.05 million.

paragraph: Rhodes began training camp slated as a starting cornerback, but saw competition for the role from Josh Robinson. Head coach Leslie Frazier named Rhodes the third cornerback on the depth chart, behind veterans Chris Cook and Josh Robinson. He was also selected to be the starting nickelback in nickel and dime packages.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the Minnesota Vikings' season-opener at the Detroit Lions and recorded three solo tackles in their 34–24 loss. Rhodes made his first career tackle on wide receiver Calvin Johnson after a seven-yard reception in the second quarter. On October 27, 2013, Rhodes recorded a season-high seven solo tackles during a 44–31 loss to the Green Bay Packers. In Week 12, Rhodes earned his first start as an outside cornerback after Josh Robinson sustained a fractured sternum the previous week and was expected to be sidelined for a month. Rhodes recorded a season-high four pass deflections and made four solo tackles during a 26–26 tie at the Green Bay Packers. On December 8, 2013, Rhodes made three solo tackles and three pass deflections before exiting the Vikings' 29–26 loss at the Baltimore Ravens after sustaining an ankle injury. He was sidelined for the last three games of the season (Weeks 15–17). On December 30, 2013, it was announced that the Minnesota Vikings fired head coach Leslie Frazier after finishing fourth in the NFC North with a 5–10–1 record. He finished his rookie season in 2013 with 48 combined tackles (41 solo) and ten pass deflections in 13 games and six starts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2014.

paragraph: Rhodes entered training camp slated as one of the starting outside cornerbacks. Head coach Mike Zimmer officially named Rhodes the starter to begin the regular season, along with Captain Munnerlyn.

paragraph: In Week 4, he tied a career-high with four pass deflections and made five combined tackles in the Vikings' 41–28 victory over the Atlanta Falcons. On November 16, 2014, Rhodes collected four combined tackles, broke up a pass, and made his first career interception off a pass by Jay Cutler during a 21–13 loss at the Chicago Bears in Week 11. In Week 16, Rhodes collected a season-high five solo tackles in the Vikings' 37–35 loss at the Miami Dolphins. He finished the season with 49 combined tackles (39 solo), a career-high 18 pass deflections, and an interception in 16 games and 16 starts. His 18 pass deflections led the Vikings' defense and finished fourth among all players in the league. The Minnesota Vikings finished with a 7–9 record, but were able to improve seventh overall in pass defense after finishing 31st the previous season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2015.

paragraph: Rhodes was joined by Terence Newman and rookie first round pick Trae Waynes in 2015. Defensive coordinator George Edwards named Rhodes the No. 1 outside cornerback, opposite Terence Newman, to begin the regular season.

paragraph: He started the Minnesota Vikings' season-opener at the San Francisco 49ers and collected a season-high seven solo tackles in their 20–3 loss. On January 3, 2016, Rhodes made three solo tackles, a pass deflection, and intercepted a pass by Aaron Rodgers during a 20–13 victory at the Green Bay Packers. He finished the season with a career-high 58 combined tackles (55 solo), ten pass deflections, and an interception in 16 games and 16 starts.

paragraph: The Minnesota Vikings finished their second season under head coach Mike Zimmer with an 11–5 record and first in the NFC North. On January 10, 2016, Rhodes started in his first career playoff game and recorded four solo tackles and two pass deflections during a 10–9 loss to the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Wildcard Game.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2016.

paragraph: On May 2, 2016, the Minnesota Vikings exercised the fifth-year, $8.02 million option on Rhodes' rookie contract. Head coach Mike Zimmer retained Xavier Rhodes and Terence Newman as the starting cornerbacks to begin the regular season.

paragraph: While preparing to play in the season-opener against the Tennessee Titans, Rhodes sustained a knee injury while stretching on the field. His injury sidelined him for the first two games (Weeks 1–2) of the season. On October 3, 2016, Rhodes recorded two combined tackles, broke up two passes, and intercepted quarterback Eli Manning during a 24–10 victory against the New York Giants on "Monday Night Football". He was a key part of the secondary that held Odell Beckham Jr. to only five receptions for 23-yards. In Week 11, Rhodes recorded three combined tackles, two pass deflections, and intercepted two passes by quarterback Carson Palmer in the Vikings' 30–24 victory against the Arizona Cardinals. In the second quarter, he intercepted a pass intended for John Brown and returned it for a 100-yard touchdown On the game, Rhodes allowed a passer rating of 0.0 into his coverage, surrendering as many catches (two, for 16 yards) on seven targets as interceptions and earning the highest-graded game of any player in Week 11 according to Pro Football Focus (PFF) at +94.5. Rhodes performance earned him NFC Defensive Player of the Week. On December 20, 2016, Rhodes was voted to the 2017 Pro Bowl, marking the first of his career. In Week 16, Rhodes collected a season-high seven combined during a 38–25 loss at the Green Bay Packers. He finished the season with 52 combined tackles (44 solo), 11 pass deflections, five interceptions, and a touchdown in 14 games and 14 starts. Pro Football Focus ranked him 29th in overall grades among the 111 qualifying cornerbacks in 2016.

paragraph: The Minnesota Vikings were unable to qualify for the playoffs after finishing third in their division with an 8–8 record. Rhodes was ranked the 66th best player in the NFL on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017.

paragraph: On July 30, 2017, the Minnesota Vikings signed Rhodes to a five-year, $70.10 million extension that includes $32.80 million guaranteed and a $12 million signing bonus.

paragraph: Head coach Mike Zimmer named Rhodes and Trae Waynes the starting cornerbacks to start the regular season. On November 23, 2017, Rhodes recorded a season-high five solo tackles, two pass deflections, and intercepted a pass by Matthew Stafford during a 30–23 victory at the Detroit Lions. The following week, he tied his season-high of five solo tackles in the Vikings' 14–9 victory at the Atlanta Falcons in Week 13. On December 19, 2017, it was announced that Rhodes was voted to the 2018 Pro Bowl. He finished the season with 56 combined tackles (44 solo), ten pass deflections, and two interceptions in 16 games and 16 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Rhodes an overall grade of 80.2, ranking him 44th among all qualified cornerbacks in 2017.

paragraph: The Minnesota Vikings finished atop their division with a 13–3 record and received a first round bye. On January 14, 2018, Rhodes recorded two solo tackles and two pass deflections during the Vikings' 29–24 win against the New Orleans Saints in the NFC Divisional Round. The Vikings were eliminated from the playoffs the following week after losing 38–7 at the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship Game. He was ranked 55th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minnesota Vikings franchise records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most passes defensed by a rookie: 23 (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Longest interception return: 100 yards (2016)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florida State Seminoles bio

description: American football player, defensive back

wikidata_label: Xavier Rhodes

wikipedia_title: Xavier Rhodes