text:
KT
Charles Gordon, 4th Earl of Aboyne
Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway
Earl of Aboyne
Marquess of Huntly
5th Duke of Gordon
Cambridgeshire
cricket
first-class
White Conduit Club
Marylebone Cricket Club
Surrey
Gordon Highlanders
Black Watch
Sir Charles Cope, 2nd Baronet
Charles Gordon, 10th Marquess of Huntly
Charles Cavendish, 1st Baron Chesham
Lord John Frederick Gordon-Hallyburton
CricketArchive profile

categories: Surrey cricketers,Scottish representative peers,Marquesses of Huntly,1853 deaths,People educated at Eton College,Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers,William Ward's XI cricketers,1761 births,Earls of Aboyne,Grenadier Guards officers,English cricketers of 1701 to 1786,61st Regiment of Foot officers,35th Regiment of Foot officers,British Militia officers,White Conduit Club cricketers,English cricketers,English cricketers of 1787 to 1825,Peers of the United Kingdom created by George III,People from Edinburgh,Knights of the Thistle

paragraph: George Gordon, 9th Marquess of Huntly

paragraph: George Gordon, 9th Marquess of Huntly, KT (28 June 1761 – 17 June 1853), styled Lord Strathavon until 1795 and known as The Earl of Aboyne from 1795 to 1836, was a Scottish peer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Huntly was the son of Charles Gordon, 4th Earl of Aboyne, and Margaret, daughter of Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway. After succeeding to the title of Earl of Aboyne in 1794 after the death of his father, he also succeeded to the title of Marquess of Huntly after his distant cousin, the 5th Duke of Gordon, died in 1836.

paragraph: Orton Hall, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire (now a hotel) was the seat of the Marquess of Huntly.

paragraph: Huntly was a keen cricketer who made four known appearances in first-class matches from 1785 to 1792 (he was styled Lord Strathavon on the scorecards). He was a member of the White Conduit Club and an early member of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), but he was mainly associated with Surrey.

paragraph: From 1796 to 1806 he was Colonel in Chief to the 92nd Highlanders (Gordon Highlanders) and from 1806 to 1820 was Colonel in Chief to the 42nd Highlanders (Black Watch).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On 4 April 1791, he married Catherine Cope, daughter of Sir Charles Cope, 2nd Baronet, and they had nine children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Gordon, 10th Marquess of Huntly (1792–1863)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Susan Gordon, Lady Chesham (1792–1866), married Charles Cavendish, 1st Baron Chesham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reverend Lord George Gordon (1794–1862)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Admiral Lord John Frederick Gordon-Hallyburton (1799–1878)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Major Lord Henry Gordon (1802–65)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cecil James Gordon (1806–78)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Mary Gordon (d. 1825)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lt.-Col. Francis Arthur Gordon (1808–57)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CricketArchive profile

alias:
Lord Strathavon
The Earl of Aboyne

description: Scottish peer

wikidata_label: George Gordon, 9th Marquess of Huntly

wikipedia_title: George Gordon, 9th Marquess of Huntly


text: Vermont

text: United States House of Representatives

text: United States Senate

text: Governor of Vermont

text: Suffield

text: Colony of Connecticut

text: Yale University

text: Noah Smith

text: admitted to the bar

text: Rupert, Vermont

text: Burlington, Vermont

text: Vermont House of Representatives

text: Rutland, Vermont

text: United States House of Representatives

text: Matthew Lyon

text: Isaac Tichenor

text: Democratic-Republican Party

text: Chief Justice

text: Vermont Supreme Court

text: United States Senate

text: Governor of Vermont

text: National Governors Association

text: govtrack.us

text: Rutland Historical Society

text: Vermont: The Official State Website

categories: Members of the Vermont House of Representatives,Governors of Vermont,People from Rupert, Vermont,Yale University alumni,Vermont Democratic-Republicans,Vermont Supreme Court justices,Burials in Vermont,1759 births,United States Senators from Vermont,Members of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont,Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives,1810 deaths,Democratic-Republican Party United States Senators,Vermont lawyers

paragraph: Israel Smith

paragraph: Israel Smith (April 4, 1759 – December 2, 1810) was an American lawyer and politician. He held a wide variety of positions in the state of Vermont, including as a member of the United States House of Representatives, a member of the United States Senate and Governor of Vermont.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Smith was born in Suffield in the Colony of Connecticut, where he spent his childhood. He studied at Yale University and graduated in 1781. He studied law with his brother Noah Smith, and was admitted to the bar. He began his law practice in Rupert, Vermont.

paragraph: He married Abiah Douglass (1767-1836), and they had two children, William (1785-1822) and Horace (1787-1790). After Israel Smith's death Abiah married Colonel William C. Harrington, who became an attorney in Burlington, Vermont.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Smith began his political career in 1785 when he served as a member of the Vermont House of Representatives. He served in the Vermont House again from 1788 to 1791. During this period, he was active in solving Vermont's boundary disputes with other states and served as a delegate to the Vermont Constitutional Convention, at which Vermont ratified the American Constitution. By 1790 Smith had moved to Rutland, Vermont.

paragraph: When Vermont became a state in 1791, Smith ran for Vermont's seat in the United States House of Representatives. In a bitterly fought election between Smith, Matthew Lyon and Isaac Tichenor, Smith received second place, 35% of the vote in the first round, but won the runoff against Lyon. Smith represented Vermont's 1st District in the U.S. House from 1791 to 1797. In 1792 and 1794, Lyon unsuccessfully ran against Smith, but in 1796 Smith was defeated by Lyon. By this time, Smith had become a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.

paragraph: In 1797, Smith again briefly served in the Vermont State House. He became Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court in 1797, but resigned the following year. In 1800, Smith was reelected to the United States House of Representatives, where he served until 1802.

paragraph: In 1802, Smith was elected to the United States Senate from Vermont, and served in the Senate from 1803 to 1807. In 1807 he successfully ran against one of his old political rivals, Isaac Tichenor, for governor. Tichenor had served as governor for a decade. Smith resigned from the Senate and served as Governor of Vermont from 1807 to 1808, when he was defeated for reelection by Tichenor. Smith served as Vermont's fourth Governor.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: After leaving the governorship, Smith moved back to Rutland, Vermont, where he retired from politics. He became ill and died in Rutland. He is interred at West Street Cemetery in Rutland. His home in Rutland has been preserved.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Governors Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- govtrack.us

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Guide to the Papers of Vermont's Governors

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rutland Historical Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vermont: The Official State Website

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Israel Smith

wikipedia_title: Israel Smith


text: alternative rock

text: Curve

text: Dean Garcia

text: Robert Plant

text: Recoil

text: The Future Sound of London

text: Leftfield

text: Paul van Dyk

text: Freaky Chakra

text: DJ? Acucrack

text: The Killers

text: Acid Android

text: Orbital

text: contralto

text: Parsons Green

text: Washington New Town

text: punk rock

text: Robert Plant

text: Shaken 'n' Stirred

text: Now and Zen

text: Dean Garcia

text: State of Play

text: Eurythmics

text: Olle Romö

text: Alan Moulder

text: Curve

text: Doppelgänger

text: Cuckoo

text: Come Clean

text: Gift

text: The New Adventures of Curve

text: Radio Sessions

text: Open Day at the Hate Fest

text: The Way of Curve

text: Rare and Unreleased

text: the soundtrack album

text: Showgirls

text: Gregg Araki

text: Nowhere

text: Recoil

text: Bloodline

text: The Future Sound of London

text: Lifeforms

text: Leftfield

text: Original

text: Leftism

text: Acid Android

text: DJ? Acucrack

text: The Killers

text: A Great Big Sled

text: Orbital

text: Pusher

text: Alan Moulder

text: Pubic Fruit

text: Doppelgänger

text: Radio Sessions

text: Cuckoo

text: Come Clean

text: Open Day at the Hate Fest

text: Gift

text: The New Adventures of Curve

text: The Way of Curve

text: Rare and Unreleased

text: Robert Plant

text: Shaken 'n' Stirred

text: Robert Plant

text: Now and Zen

categories: English female guitarists,1964 births,English female singers,Female rock singers,Living people,People from Parsons Green,People from Fulham

paragraph: Toni Halliday

paragraph: Antoinette "Toni" Halliday (born 5 July 1964) is an English musician best known as the lead vocalist, lyricist, and occasional guitarist of the alternative rock band Curve, along with Dean Garcia.

paragraph: She was also a member of the bands Photofitz, The Uncles, State of Play and Scylla. Halliday released solo work as Toni Halliday and Chatelaine. She collaborated with artists like Robert Plant, Recoil, The Future Sound of London, Leftfield, Paul van Dyk, Freaky Chakra, DJ? Acucrack, Headcase, The Killers, Acid Android, and Orbital.

paragraph: Halliday has a contralto vocal range.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Halliday was born on 5 July 1964 in Parsons Green, London, and brought up in various locations across Europe, before eventually settling in Washington New Town, Tyne and Wear.

paragraph: From 1978 to 1980, Halliday was the lead vocalist in a punk rock band named Photofitz (initially called The Incest), after which Toni left to start a solo career.

paragraph: The first commercially released recording to feature Halliday was the single "The Smile and the Kiss" (1983) by the group Bonk, on which she performed uncredited backing vocals. The following year, Halliday's new band The Uncles released the single "What's the Use of Pretending", whereupon the singer returned to performing backing vocals for other artists, including the Robert Plant albums "Shaken 'n' Stirred" (1985), and "Now and Zen" (1988).

paragraph: In 1985, Halliday and multi-instrumentalist Dean Garcia formed the band State of Play together with Garcia's wife Julie Fletcher and Eurythmics drummer Olle Romö. The following year, State of Play released an LP on Virgin Records titled "Balancing the Scales", a non-hit album that spawned two singles: "Natural Colour" and "Rock-a-bye Baby".

paragraph: After the subsequent demise of State of Play, Halliday made another attempt at a solo career. Her album "Hearts and Handshakes" (produced by Halliday with Alan Moulder) was released in 1989, a year after it was finished, and four singles were taken from it, "Weekday", "Love Attraction", "Time Turns Around", and "Woman in Mind".

paragraph: Section::::Curve.

paragraph: Dean Garcia had played on "Hearts and Handshakes", and the pair now collaborated to form Curve, with Halliday serving as lead singer. Their partnership would last from 1990 to 2005. The group's main releases are the studio albums "Doppelgänger" (1992), "Cuckoo" (1993), "Come Clean" (1998), "Gift" (2001), "The New Adventures of Curve" (2002), and the compilations "Radio Sessions" (1993), "Open Day at the Hate Fest" (2001), "The Way of Curve" (2004), "Rare and Unreleased" (2010).

paragraph: Section::::Scylla.

paragraph: In 1995, a year after the first, temporary dissolution of Curve, Halliday formed the band Scylla with Ricky Barber, Lindy Pocock, Fiona Lynsky and Julian Bown. The group toured small clubs in the summer of 1995. Scylla's only recording to have been officially released is the song "Helen's Face", which can be found on the soundtrack album for the film "Showgirls". Another Scylla song, "Get a Helmet", can be heard in the Gregg Araki film "Nowhere". Scylla recorded a 12-track demo with both Alan Moulder and Flood producing, but no album was released. A bootleg of these demo tracks can be found on the internet.

paragraph: Section::::Other work.

paragraph: Following the emergence of Curve in 1991, Halliday co-wrote and performed vocals on two songs ("Edge to Life" and "Bloodline") for the Recoil album "Bloodline" (1992). She collaborated with The Future Sound of London for the song "Cerebral" from "Lifeforms" (1994), with Freaky Chakra for the song "Budded on Earth to Bloom in Heaven" from "Lowdown Motivator" (1994), and with Leftfield for their No. 18 UK hit "Original" from "Leftism" (1995). She was also featured on "Original"'s music video.

paragraph: In 2002 Halliday recorded a number of songs with the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra with plans to release an EP. By the end of the sessions there were enough songs recorded for an album with a working title of "For Tomorrows Sorrows". For unknown reasons the album remains unreleased with the exception of the title track which was unofficially uploaded onto the internet.

paragraph: One other song titled "All Flesh Is Grass" was made available on a very rare CDR by the label.

paragraph: Halliday also collaborated with Headcase, Bias, Acid Android and DJ? Acucrack. In 2006, she was featured on the first The Killers Christmas track, "A Great Big Sled". She contributed vocals to Orbital's soundtrack for the 2012 re-make of the film "Pusher".

paragraph: Section::::Chatelaine.

paragraph: In February 2008, Toni introduced a new solo project on MySpace called Chatelaine. Chatelaine's debut album "Take a Line For a Walk" was released in June 2010. It featured nine new tracks: "Broken Bones", "Oh Daddy", "Life Remains", "Stripped Out", "Shifting Sands", "Killing Feeling", "Take a Line For a Walk", "Head To Head" and "Seen and Lost".

paragraph: Halliday continues to work on the next Chatelaine album and other forthcoming collaborations.

paragraph: In April 2013 Halliday contributed vocals to a new track "Lost In The Noise", a collaboration with Huw Williams. The track can be found on the compilation Ethereal Electro Pop on Altitude Music. Another new Toni Halliday track for 2013 (co produced by Louise Dowd) called "Down In A Dark Place" can be heard in a trailer for the television programme The Vampire Dairies. Along with "Down In A Dark Place" two other new songs "Nowhere To Hide" and "Now The Time Is Here" appeared.

paragraph: Halliday's song Nowhere To Hide was officially used in Sochi Winter Olympics 2014 promotion and advertising.

paragraph: Halliday released a new song "Suffragette" in November 2016 on the compilation album The Song Method 2. It is available on I-Tunes.

paragraph: Halliday released four new songs in December 2017. "Deep State" and "Crashing Cars" can be found on the compilation album The Song Method 3, "Rebel Tattoo" is on the compilation album Psychadelic Indie and "Feel The Light" featuring Karen O on backing vocals can be found on the Swagger And Attitude 2 compilation. There are now enough new songs to release a compilation of solo recordings, whether Toni will release one in 2019 is still unknown.

paragraph: In 2017 Dean and Toni contemplated a Curve reunion but ultimately Toni decided to decline for the moment.

paragraph: A new song "Voice of a Girl" was released in May 2019 on the compilation Female Songwriter for television and film through Universal Music. Halliday co wrote the song and sings backing vocals on the track but Louise Dowd (Chatelaine collaborator) sings the lead vocal.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Toni Halliday is married to the British record producer Alan Moulder.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:State of Play.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Balancing the Scales" (1986)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Toni Halliday.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Toni Halliday.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hearts and Handshakes" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "For Tomorrow's Sorrows" (recorded 2002 with the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra, unreleased)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Toni Halliday.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weekday"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Attraction"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Time Turns Around"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Woman in Mind"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Curve.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pubic Fruit" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doppelgänger" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Radio Sessions" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cuckoo" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come Clean" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Open Day at the Hate Fest" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gift" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New Adventures of Curve" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Way of Curve" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rare and Unreleased" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Scylla.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Demos" (recorded 1995, released 2008)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Chatelaine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take a Line For a Walk" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Collaborations.

paragraph: Halliday provided vocals on the following songs:

paragraph: She also provided backing vocals on the following releases:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Plant – "Shaken 'n' Stirred" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Plant – "Now and Zen" (1988)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Curve: Frequently Asked Questions #14" at curve-online.co.uk

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Toni Halliday

wikipedia_title: Toni Halliday


text: running back

text: National Football League

text: college football

text: University of Georgia

text: All-American

text: Arizona Cardinals

text: Cincinnati Bengals

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Denver Broncos

text: NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award

text: Lincolnton, Georgia

text: Georgia Bulldogs football

text: Southeastern Conference

text: Doak Walker Award

text: ESPN

text: ESPY

text: Heisman Trophy

text: Herschel Walker

text: 1993 NFL Draft

text: Arizona Cardinals

text: Phoenix Cardinals

text: 1993 NFL Draft

text: Cincinnati Bengals

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Ricky Watters

text: Terrell Davis

text: Jamal Anderson

text: Roger Craig

text: Frank Gore

text: Frank Gore

text: Detroit Lions

text: Charlie Garner

text: New York Jets

text: NFL Films

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Atlanta Falcons

text: scrimmage

text: Georgia Dome

text: Chuck Smith

text: Avascular Necrosis

text: talus bone

text: Bo Jackson

text: NFL Comeback Player of the Year

text: Kevan Barlow

text: Jeff Garcia

text: Terrell Owens

text: Denver Broncos

text: Fresno Bee

text: Esera Tuaolo

text: Detroit Lions

categories: Phoenix Cardinals players,Cincinnati Bengals players,Georgia Bulldogs football players,Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state),National Conference Pro Bowl players,1971 births,Arizona Cardinals players,Denver Broncos players,People from Lincolnton, Georgia,American football running backs,Living people,All-American college football players

paragraph: Garrison Hearst

paragraph: Gerard Garrison Hearst (born January 4, 1971) is a former running back in the National Football League (NFL) for ten seasons. He played college football for the University of Georgia, and was recognized as an All-American. A first-round pick by the Arizona Cardinals, he also played professionally for the Cincinnati Bengals, San Francisco 49ers and Denver Broncos of the NFL. He ran for 1,000 yards or more in four different seasons. He was named the NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award in 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Garrison Hearst was born in Lincolnton, Georgia. He attended Lincoln County High School in Lincolnton, where he was an all-state running back and broke several records.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Hearst attended the University of Georgia, and played for the Georgia Bulldogs football team from 1990 to 1992, leading the nation in touchdowns (21) and in scoring (11.5 points per game) in his junior year. During his career, he established new school and Southeastern Conference (SEC) records for points scored in a season (126), total touchdowns (21), rushing touchdowns (19), and average yards per carry (6.8)*. Hearst was a consensus All-America selection, the Doak Walker Award recipient, ESPN's ESPY Winner for Outstanding Collegiate Athlete and SEC Player of the year in 1992. He finished third in the Heisman Trophy voting.

paragraph: Hearst finished his college career second on the Georgia records list in rushing yardage (3,232), all-purpose yardage (3,934), and 100-yard rushing games (16); trailing only Herschel Walker. He also finished third in career rushing touchdowns (33).

paragraph: Regarded as an excellent prospect, he was taken in the 1993 NFL Draft third overall by the Arizona Cardinals.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Arizona Cardinals.

paragraph: Hearst was drafted by the Phoenix Cardinals in the 1993 NFL Draft. In Hearst's first two seasons with the Cardinals, he was used sparingly. In 1995, however, he broke out as a pro player, rushing for 1,070 yards. He was cut by the Cardinals in the 1996 training camp.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cincinnati Bengals.

paragraph: Hearst was then claimed off waivers by the Cincinnati Bengals. He played there one season, gaining 847 yards, but was then picked up by the San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: Hearst's best years came with the 49ers. In his first year, 1997, he ran for 1,019 yards and four touchdowns, becoming the 49ers' first 1000-yard rusher since 1992 (Ricky Watters). The four touchdowns were more than he had scored in his entire pro career before 1997.

paragraph: Hearst's true coming out, however, occurred in 1998. He ran for 1,570 yards and 7 touchdowns while averaging 5.1 yards per carry. His total rushing yards placed him third in the NFL, behind only Terrell Davis and Jamal Anderson. Hearst set a then franchise record for rushing yards in a season, breaking the former record held by Roger Craig (1,502 yards in 1988). The record held until 2006 (Frank Gore). His 535 receiving yards gave him a combined 2,105 yards on the season, another franchise record previously held by Craig (2,066 yards in 1985), also now held by Frank Gore (2,180 yards in 2006). Against the Detroit Lions late in the season, he set a then single-game franchise record of 198 rushing yards, which was later broken in 2000 (Charlie Garner). He also had the longest running play in the NFL earlier in the season, when he ran 96 yards for a game-winning touchdown in overtime on Opening Day versus the New York Jets. The play was later featured on NFL Films as one of the best two running plays in NFL history.

paragraph: Following the great season by Hearst, he rushed for 128 yards and caught 3 passes for 15 in their wildcard win over the Green Bay Packers. The 49ers next faced the Atlanta Falcons in the Divisional Playoffs. On the first play from scrimmage, Hearst suffered a gruesome ankle break when his foot was caught in the Georgia Dome turf and twisted severely as he tried to spin away from Falcons' defensive end Chuck Smith. Doctors said he might not play again, even though the 49ers kept him on their roster as an inactive player.

paragraph: Hearst ran into complications following surgery as circulatory problems choked off the blood supply in the area, leading to Avascular Necrosis, causing the talus bone in his foot to die. Bo Jackson suffered this same condition in his hip and was forced to retire from football.

paragraph: After over two years of rehabilitation, Hearst played football in 2001 and became the first player in NFL history to come back to football after suffering avascular necrosis. He had an excellent season as well, rushing for 1,206 yards on a 4.8 average. The 49ers, who were 10-22 in 2 seasons without Hearst, went 12-4 that year. He won the NFL Comeback Player of the Year award.

paragraph: Hearst remained with the 49ers for two more seasons, but was used less often, the focus of the 49ers' running game shifting to Kevan Barlow. Hearst still ran for 972 yards and 768 yards in 2002 and 2003, respectively.

paragraph: Hearst was released during the 49ers' offseason after the 2003 season, in which the 49ers let go of several key players, including quarterback Jeff Garcia and wide receiver Terrell Owens.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Denver Broncos.

paragraph: Hearst signed with the Denver Broncos and in his final season, he was considered a "third down specialist" who had eight first downs, and 81 yards on 20 attempts with one touchdown (4.1 yards/carry) before being placed on IR with a broken hand. He was not re-signed in 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Hearst is married and has four children. He resides in Georgia.

paragraph: Section::::Gay slur controversy.

paragraph: In 2002, Hearst made inflammatory anti-gay comments to the "Fresno Bee" after Esera Tuaolo came out of the closet. "Aww, hell no! I don't want any faggots on my team. I know this might not be what people want to hear, but that's a punk. I don't want any faggots in this locker room." Three weeks later, Hearst apologized for his comments.

paragraph: Section::::49ers Records.

paragraph: "San Francisco 49ers Franchise Records"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most Rushing Yards (4th), Game - 198 Vs Detroit Lions (12/14/98)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most Rushing Attempts (Tied 4th), Game - 31 vs Seahawks (12/1/02)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most Consecutive 100-Yard Rushing Games (2nd), Season - 4 (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most 100-Yard Rushing Games (2nd), Season - 6 (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most Rushing Attempts (Tied 2nd), Season - 310 (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most Rushing Yards In a Season (2nd) - 1,570 (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th All-Time in Rushing Yards (5,535)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led NFC in Rushing Average (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Led NFL in Longest Run (1998)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of NCAA major college football yearly scoring leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A video of Hearst's 96 yard touchdown run from NFL.com

description: All-American college football player, professional football player, running back

wikidata_label: Garrison Hearst

wikipedia_title: Garrison Hearst


text:
anglicized
Armenian
polymath
natural philosopher
mathematician
astronomer
cosmographer
exact
natural sciences
Hellenizing School
Trebizond
classical Armenian
Greater Armenia
Georgia
Caucasian Albania
Hewsen
Hacikyan
autobiography
Shirakavan (Yerazgavors)
Ayrarat
Ani
Bagratid Armenia
Kamsarakan
Aršarunik’
Byzantine Empire
Theodosiopolis
Saint Eugenios
Trebizond
Stephanus of Alexandria
Byzantine army
Persians
quadrivium
Samuel of Ani
irreligious
anti-clerical
double-truth theory
Armenian Church
obscurantism
Cosmas Indicopleustes
Hellenizing School
Greek
syntax
Sassanian Iran
Neoplatonist
Davit Anhaght
Thales of Miletus
Hippocrates
Democritus
Plato
Aristotle
Zeno of Citium
Epicurus
Ptolemy
Pappus of Alexandria
Cosmas Indicopleustes
On the Heavens
Philo of Alexandria
Yeghishe
neoplatonism
Grigor Magistros Pahlavuni
rationalism
superstitious
astrology
classical theory of four elements
spherical Earth
solar
lunar eclipse
phases of the moon
Milky Way
tide
moon
aether
sun
mathematics
astronomy
cosmology
geography
chronology
meteorology
canon
arithmetic
operations
Armenian alphabet
Armenian numerical system
constellations
Milky Way
Pentateuch
Psalms
Church Fathers
Basil of Caesarea
Gregory the Illuminator
Hexameron
Meton of Athens
Catholicos
Dvin
perpetual calendar
solar cycle
lunar cycle
Victorius of Aquitaine
Church of Alexandria
Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
world map
Movses Khorenatsi
Georgia
Caucasian Albania
Persian Empire
Pappus of Alexandria
Geography
Ptolemy
Voskan Yerevantsi
Kerovbe Patkanian
Dvin
Hakob Manandian
Arabic mile
Annianus of Alexandria
Eusebius
Chronographia
miaphysite
ecumenical council
Epiphanius of Salamis
gems
Epiphany
Easter
Polycarp
exact sciences
Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
Grigor Magistros
Stepanos Asoghik
Hovhannes Imastaser /Sarkavag/
Nerses Shnorhali
Samuel Anetsi
Kirakos Gandzaketsi
Hovhannes Erznkatsi
Grigor Tatevatsi
Hovhannes Imastaser
Grigor Magistros
Pahlavuni
Petros Getadardz
Sanahin Monastery
Paghtasar Dpir
Kerovbe Patkanian
classical Armenian
Saint Petersburg University
Joseph Orbeli
Russian Academy of Sciences
Ashot G. Abrahamian
Matenadaran
Suren T. Eremian
Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare
Robert H. Hewsen
natural sciences
Hacikyan
Matenadaran
Yerevan State University
crater
Moon
state award
Central Bank of Armenia
commemorative coin
HayPost
online
PDF
archived
online

categories: Armenian astronomers,7th-century Armenian people,610 births,Medieval cartographers,Armenian academics,Kamsarakan family,7th-century Armenian writers,7th-century mathematicians,Armenian mathematicians,Armenian historians,Medieval geographers,People of the Sasanian Empire of Armenian descent,685 deaths,7th-century astronomers,Armenian cartographers,7th-century historians

paragraph: Anania Shirakatsi

paragraph: Anania Shirakatsi (, "Anania Širakac’i", anglicized: Ananias of Shirak) was a 7th-century Armenian polymath and natural philosopher. He is considered the first Armenian mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer. Hence, he is considered the father of the exact and natural sciences in Armenia.

paragraph: Seen as a part of the Armenian Hellenizing School, he was educated primarily by Tychicus, in Trebizond. He composed science textbooks and the first known geographic work in classical Armenian, which provides detailed information about Greater Armenia, Persia and the Caucasus (Georgia and Caucasian Albania). His extant works cover mathematics, astronomy, geography, chronology, and other fields.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Background.

paragraph: Anania Shirakatsi lived in the 7th century. The dates of his birth and death have not been established definitely. Hewsen noted that he is "generally thought" to have been born between 595 and 600, although Hewsen later revised the dates and suggested that Anania was born circa 610 and have died in 685. Hacikyan et al. place his birth in early 600s and his death at c. 685. Mathews and van Lint suggest 610 to 685, while Greenwood suggests ca. 600–670. Vardanyan places his death in early 690s.

paragraph: He is the only classical Armenian scholar to have written an autobiography. It is a brief text, characterized as "somewhat self-congratulatory" and "more a statement of academic pedigree" than autobiography. His "Autobiography" was probably written as the preface to one of his scholarly works, possibly the "K’nnikon". He was the son of John (Yovhannes) and was born in the village of Anania/Aneank’ (Անեանք) or in the town of Shirakavan (Yerazgavors), in the canton of Shirak (Širak), in the central Armenian province of Ayrarat. Aneank’ may be connected to the later city of Ani, the Bagratid Armenian capital. He probably came from a noble family. Since his name is sometimes spelled as "Shirakuni" (Շիրակունի), Hewsen argued that he may have belonged to the house of the Kamsarakan or Arsharuni princes of Shirak and Aršarunik’, respectively. Greenwood suggests that it is more likely that he came from the lesser nobility in Shirak, who served the house of Kamsarakan. Broutian describes his father as a "minor Armenian nobleman." Vardanyan believes he either came from the Kamsarakan family or was sponsored by them.

paragraph: He is traditionally thought to have been buried in the village of Anavank’, which Mathews considers more likely to be "etymology for the name of the village."

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Education.

paragraph: Anania received initial education at the local Armenian schools, possibly at monastery, where he studied sacred texts and earlier Armenian authors. Due to the lack of teachers and books in Armenia, he decided to travel to the Byzantine Empire (the "land of the Greeks") to advance his knowledge of mathematics. He first traveled to Theodosiopolis, then to the Byzantine-controlled province of Fourth Armenia, where he studied under Christosatur for six months. He then left in searches for a better teacher and learned about Tychicus, who was based at the monastery/martyrium of Saint Eugenios in Trebizond. Greenwood has speculated that Tychicus, not mentioned elsewhere, may be identified as Stephanus of Alexandria.

paragraph: Anania devoted a significant part of his autobiography to Tychicus (born c. 560), with whom he spent 8 years in the 620s or 630s. Tychicus had learned Armenian language and literature while serving in the Byzantine army stationed in Armenia. Wounded by the Persians, he retired from the military and later studied in Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople. He later returned to his native Trebizond, where he established a school c. 615. Tychicus taught many students from Constantinople (including from the imperial court) and was renowned among Byzantine kings. He provided Anania special attention and taught him a "perfect knowledge of mathematics," in his own words. Tychicus had a large library where Anania found sacred and secular Greek authors, including works on the sciences, medicine, chronology, and history. Anania considered Tychicus to have been "predestined by God for the introduction of science into Armenia."

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Educator and scientist.

paragraph: Anania established a school in Armenia upon his return from Trebizond. The school, the first in Armenia to teach quadrivium, is presumed to have been located in his native Shirak. He was disappointed with the laziness of his students and their departure after learning the basics. He complained about the Armenians' lack of interest in mathematics and that they "love neither learning, nor knowledge." According to the 12th century chronicler Samuel of Ani some of Shirkatsi's students were Hermon, Trdat, Azaria, Ezekiel, and Kirakos, who are otherwise unknown. Anania financed his research in several fields with the money he earned teaching.

paragraph: Section::::Relationship with the Armenian Church.

paragraph: Soviet historians represented him as a founder of irreligious and anti-clerical thought in Armenia, who pioneered double-truth theory. , in particular, argued that Anania was an enemy of the Armenian Church and fought against its obscurantism. Hewsen opposed this view, suggesting that, instead, he was an "independent thinker of sorts." In fact, Anania may have been a monk in the Armenian Church, but probably in his latter years. This is based on his religious discourses and attempts to date the feasts of the church. On the other hand, Greppin suggests that Anania "probably never took holy orders."

paragraph: Overall, Anania had a close relationship with the church. Several scholars considered Anania a church ideologist akin to Cosmas Indicopleustes, whom he actually criticized. Hacikyan et al. describe Anania as a "devout Christian and well versed in the Bible" who "made some attempts to reconcile science and Scripture." However, Hewsen believed that some of the "more revolutionary ideas" of Anania were suppressed by the Armenian Church after his death. Greppin noted that Anania, a secular author, had fallen into a "bad clerical odor."

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.

paragraph: Anania is considered by modern scholars to be a representative of the Hellenizing School since many of his works were based on classical Greek sources. He was the first Armenian scholar to have "imported a set of scientific notions, and examples of their applications, from the Greek-speaking schools" into Armenia. He was well versed in Greek literature, and the influence of the Greek syntax is evident in his works. He was also knowledgeable about native Armenian and Iranian cultural traditions. Several of his works provide important information on late Sassanian Iran.

paragraph: He accepted the importance of experience and observation, rational practice and theory and was influenced by the ideas of the 5th century Neoplatonist philosopher Davit Anhaght (the Invincible), and Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus, Hippocrates, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Zeno of Citium, Epicurus, Ptolemy, Pappus of Alexandria, and Cosmas Indicopleustes. Aristotle's "On the Heavens" had a significant influence on Anania's thought. Anania was also the first Armenian scholar to quote Philo of Alexandria. According to , Anania was heavily influenced by Yeghishe's "An Interpretation of Creation", the anonymous "Interpretation of the Categories of Aristotle" and the works of Davit Anhaght. The latter had established neoplatonism in Armenian thought.

paragraph: Anania was the first lay scholar in Christian Armenia before Grigor Magistros Pahlavuni (11th century). He advocated rationalism in studying nature and attacked superstitious beliefs and astrology as the "babblings of the foolish." He adopted the classical theory of four elements, which considered all matter to be composed of four elements: fire, air, water, and earth. He believed that God has directly created these elements, but does not interfere with the "natural course of the development of things." He asserted that the creation, existence, and decay of natural bodies and phenomena occurred through the union of these elements—without the interference of God. Both living and non-living matter came into existence from a synthesis of the four elements.

paragraph: Anania accepted the spherical Earth theory, describing it as "being like an egg with a spherical yolk (the globe) surrounded by a layer of white (the atmosphere) and covered with a hard shell (the sky)." He accurately explained the solar and lunar eclipses, the phases of the moon, and the structure of the Milky Way. He described the latter as a "mass of dense but faintly luminous stars." He also correctly attributed tides to the influence of the moon. He described the topmost sphere as the aether ("arp’i"), which is the source of light and heat (through the sun).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Some 40 works of various sciences have been attributed to Anania. Only half of those are now extant. His works included studies and translations on mathematics, astronomy, cosmology, geography, chronology, and meteorology. Many of his works are believed to have been part of "K’nnikon" (Քննիկոն, from "canon", Greek: "Kanonikon"), completed circa 666, and used as the standard textbook for science in Armenia. According to Greenwood the "K’nnikon" was a "fluid compilation, whose contents fluctuated over time, reflecting the interests and resources of different teachers and practitioners."

paragraph: Modern scholars have praised Anania's style as concise, simple, to the point, retaining reader's attention and citing examples to illustrate his point.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Mathematical.

paragraph: Anania was primarily devoted to mathematics, which he considered to be the "mother of all knowledge." His mathematical books were used as textbooks in Armenia.

paragraph: He authored several mathematical works, the most important of which is the book/manual of arithmetic (Համարողութիւն, "Hamaroghut’iun" or Թւաբանութիւն, "T’vabanut’iun"). It is a comprehensive collection of tables on the four basic operations. It is the earliest extant known work of its kind. The operations reach up to a total of 80 million, which is the highest number. A possible theoretical part is believed to be lost.

paragraph: Another work, a collection of 24 arithmetical problems and their solutions titled "Problems and Solutions" (alternatively translated as "On Questions and Answers") is based on the application of fractions. The earliest such work in Armenian literature, many of the problems deal with real life situations; 6 with the princely house of Shirak, the Kamsarakans, and at least 3 deal with Iran. Greenwood argues that the problems "constitute a rich source for seventh-century history whose value has not been sufficiently recognized."

paragraph: The third work, probably an appendix of the book of arithmetic is titled Խրախճանականք, "Xraxc’anakank’", literally "things for festal occasions". It has been translated into English as "Mathematical Pastimes", "Fun with Arithmetic" or "Problems for Amusement". It also contains 24 problems "intended for mathematical entertainment in social gatherings." According to Mathews this may be the oldest extant text of its kind.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Mathematical.:Numerical notation.

paragraph: For his mathematical works, Anania developed a unique numerical notation. His system is based on twelve letters of the Armenian alphabet. For the units, he used the first nine letters of the Armenian script (Ա, Բ, Գ, Դ, Ե, Զ, Է, Ը, Թ), similar to the standard traditional Armenian numerical system. The letters used for 10, 100, and 1000 were also identical to the traditional Armenian system (Ժ, Ճ, Ռ), but all other numbers up to 10,000 were written using these 12 letters. For instance, 50 would be written ԵԺ (5×10) and not Ծ as in the standard system. Thus, the notation is multiplicative-additive as opposed to the ciphered-additive standard system and requires knowing 12 instead of 36 letters to write numbers less than 10,000. Numbers greater than that could be written using multiplicative combinations of just 2 or 3 signs, but using the 36 letters of the alphabet.

paragraph: Chrisomalis believes this system was created by Anania since it only occurs in his works and is not found in Greek, Syriac, Hebrew, or any other alphabetic system. Shaw argued that it was just a variant of the Armenian numerals designed specifically for the representation of large numbers. However, no other writer has used it.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Astronomical.

paragraph: One of Anania's most significant works is "Cosmology" (Տիեզերագիտութիւն, "Tiezeragitut’iun"). Abrahamian's version is composed of ten chapters with an introduction titled "In the fulfillment of a promise", which implies a patron. It covers the sun, the moon, celestial spheres, constellations, the Milky Way, and meteorological changes.

paragraph: Works used for the parts of the "Cosmology" include the Bible (mostly from the Pentateuch and Psalms) and works by the Church Fathers. He mentioned, by name, the following people whose works he had used: Basil of Caesarea, Gregory the Illuminator, and Amphiolocus (perhaps, of Iconium). Some chapters of the work, such as "On Clouds" (also called "On the Sky" or "Concerning the Skies") is largely based on the "Hexameron" by Basil. Anania also repeats the classical Greek notions in the fields of astronomy, physics or meteorology. Pambakian wrote about the significance of the "Cosmology":

paragraph: Anania authored "Tables of the Motions of the Moon" (Խորանք ընթացիք լուսոյ, "xorank‘ ĕnt‘ac‘ik‘ lusoy"), based on the works of Meton of Athens and his personal observations.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Astronomical.:Perpetual calendar.

paragraph: In 667 Anania was invited by Catholicos (r. 661/2–667) to the Armenian Church's central seat at Dvin to establish a fixed calendar of the movable and immovable feasts of the Armenian Church. The result was a perpetual calendar based on a 532-year cycle (ՇԼԲ բոլորակ), which is the combination of the solar cycle and the lunar cycle, which coincide every 532 years. It was first proposed by Victorius of Aquitaine in 457 and adopted by the Church of Alexandria. Anania's calendar, however, was not adopted by the Armenian Church. According to Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi it was never implemented because its was not ratified by a church council due to Anastas's death.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Geographical.

paragraph: "Ashkharhatsuyts" or "Ašxarhac’oyts’" (Աշխարհացոյց) is an anonymous world map, believed to have been written sometime between 610 and 636. Its authorship has been disputed in the modern period. It was formerly believed to have been authored by Movses Khorenatsi, but most scholars now attribute it to Anania. According to Hewsen it is "one of the most valuable works to come down to us from Armenian antiquity."

paragraph: The "Armenian Geography"—as it is alternatively known—has been especially important for research into the history and geography of Greater Armenia, Caucasus (Georgia and Caucasian Albania) and the Persian Empire, which are all described in detail. The territories are described before the Arab invasions and conquests. The information on Armenia is not found elsewhere in historical sources, as it is the only known Armenian geographical work until the 13th century.

paragraph: The work has survived in two versions: long and short recensions. According to the scholarly consensus, the long recension was the original. For the description of Europe, North Africa and Asia (all the known world from Spain to China), it largely uses Greek sources, namely the now lost geography of Pappus of Alexandria (4th century), which in turn, is based on the "Geography" of Ptolemy (2nd century). According to Hewsen it is the "last work based on ancient geographical knowledge written before the Renaissance."

paragraph: It was one of the earliest secular Armenian works to be published; in 1668 by Voskan Yerevantsi. It has been translated to four languages: English, Latin (both 1736), French (1819), and Russian (1877). It was Kerovbe Patkanian in 1877 who first attributed it to Anania as the most probable author.

paragraph: Another geographical work of Anania is "The Itinerary" (Մղոնաչափք, "Mghonachap’k’" or "Młonača’k’"), which may have been a part of "Ashkharhatsuyts". It presents six routs from Dvin, Armenia's capital, to different directions and distances to the major settlements in miles (մղոն, "mghon"). According to Hakob Manandian, the mile referred to the Arabic mile of 1,917.6 meters.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Chronology.

paragraph: Anania authored chronological works, namely the "Chronicle", in which important events were listed in order of their occurrence. Written between 686 and 690, it is composed of two parts: 1) a universal chronicle, utilizing the lost works of Annianus of Alexandria and the lost Roman imperial sequence from Eusebius's "Chronographia" 2) an ecclesiastical history from a miaphysite perspective, which records the six ecumenical councils.

paragraph: Another chronological work, known as the "Tomar" (Calendar), included texts and tables about the calendars of 15 peoples: Armenians, Hebrews, Arabs, Macedonians, Romans, Syrians, Greeks, Egyptians, Ethiopians, Athenians, Bythanians, Cappadocians, Georgians, Caucasian Albanians, and Persians. The calendars of the Armenians, Romans, Hebrews, Syrians, Greeks and Egyptians contain texts, while those of other peoples only have the names of months and their length.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Other.

paragraph: Anania wrote several books on weights and measures. He extensively used the work on the topic by Epiphanius of Salamis to present the system of weights used by the Greeks, Jews, and Syrians, and his own knowledge and other sources for those used by Armenians and Persians. Anania wrote several works on gems/precious stones, music, and the known languages of the world. Anania wrote discourses on Christmas/Epiphany and Easter, which are discussions on the date of the two feasts. In the first he uses a lost work he ascribes to Polycarp of Smyrna and insists that the Armenian celebration of Christmas and the Epiphany on the same date is more valid than celebrating them separately as elsewhere.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Influence in the Middle Ages.

paragraph: Anania laid the foundations of the exact sciences in Armenia and, thus, greatly influenced Armenian scholars that came after him. Many later scholars, especially those who were concerned with the sciences, were influenced by Anania and his works. They include Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi (d. 925), (d. 980s), Grigor Magistros (d. 1058), Stepanos Asoghik (11th century), (11th century), Hovhannes Imastaser /Sarkavag/ (d. 1129), Nerses Shnorhali (d. 1173), Samuel Anetsi (12th century), (d. 1250), Kirakos Gandzaketsi (d. 1271), Hovhannes Erznkatsi (d. 1293), Grigor Tatevatsi (d. 1410), and (d. 1426).

paragraph: Hovhannes Imastaser (Hovhannes Sarkavag) and other medieval scholars extensively cited and incorporated Anania's works. In a 1037 letter, Grigor Magistros, a scholar from the Pahlavuni noble family, asked Catholicos Petros Getadardz for Anania's manuscripts of his "K’nnikon", which were apparently locked up at the catholicosate for centuries. Grigor used it as a textbook at his school at the Sanahin Monastery.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Reemergence in the modern period.

paragraph: In the age of printing, passing references to Anania were made as early as 1742 (by Paghtasar Dpir), but it was not until the later half of the 19th century that Anania and his work became a subject of study. In 1877 Armenian linguist and philologist Kerovbe Patkanian published a collection of Anania's works in the original classical Armenian at Saint Petersburg University. Titled "Sundry Studies" (Մնացորդք բանից, "Mnatsordk’ banits"), it is the first ever publication of his works. published a number of Anania's works in 1896. Joseph Orbeli, an Armenian member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, published a Russian translation of Anania's "Problems and Solutions" in 1918.

paragraph: However, it was not until the Soviet period that a systematic study and publication of his works took place. The scholar Ashot G. Abrahamian began his research at the Matenadaran in the 1930s. He first published one of Anania's arithmetical texts in 1939. A complete compilation of Anania's work was published by him in 1944. However, Abrahamian's work was not received with universal acclaim. One critic downgraded his 1944 compilation for attributing Anania works that were of disputed authorship. An updated edition was published by Abrahamian and in 1979. This edition, too, received some criticism. noted a number of errors in translations from classical Armenian and concluded that a new translation of Anania's works is needed. Another Soviet scholar, Suren T. Eremian, studied the "Geography". He insisted on Anania's authorship and published his research in 1963.

paragraph: The first translation into a Western language was done by the British Orientalist Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, who translated into English Anania's "On Christmas", in 1896, and "On Easter" and Anania's autobiography, in 1897. Lemerle noted that Conybeare translated the autobiography from a Russian translation and it is filled with serious errors. Renewed interest in Anania's work emerged in the West in the 1960s. A French translation of his autobiography appeared in 1964 by Haïg Berbérian. Robert H. Hewsen authored an introductory article on Anania's life and scholarship in 1968.

paragraph: Greenwood argues that studying Anania and his works "resonated with twentieth-century political beliefs and offered a suitable subject for academic research in ways that works on medieval theology or Biblical exegesis did not. Anania came to be projected as a national hero from the distant Armenian past, linking and affirming past and present identities."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Modern assessment.

paragraph: Anania has been styled by modern scholars as the "father of the exact sciences in Armenia." Modern Armenian historians have recognized him as the greatest scientist of medieval Armenia and the founder of the natural sciences in the country. He was the first classical Armenian scholar to study mathematics and several scientific subjects, such as cosmography and chronology. Hacikyan et al. wrote in "The Heritage of Armenian Literature":

paragraph: Shirakatsi was one of the six scholars whose was erected in front of the Matenadaran, the museum-institute of Armenian manuscripts in Yerevan in the 1960s. Another statue was erected in the front yard of the Yerevan State University in .

paragraph: A crater on the Moon was named after Shirakatsi in 1979.

paragraph: In independent Armenia, Anania Shirakatsi has been commemorated in various ways. In 1993 the Medal of Anania Shirakatsi, a state award, was established. It is awarded for "significant activities, inventions and discoveries in the spheres of economy, engineering, architecture, science and technology." In 2005 the Central Bank of Armenia issued an commemorative coin, while HayPost a stamp dedicated to Anania Shirakatsi.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Books on Anania.

paragraph: BULLET::::- online

paragraph: BULLET::::- PDF (archived)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Encyclopedia articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- online

description: Armenian scientist

wikidata_label: Anania Shirakatsi

wikipedia_title: Anania Shirakatsi


text: Cologne

text: brothel

text: red light district

text: Hamburg

text: St. Pauli

text: Herbertstraße

text: dominatrix

text: legalisation

text: Ohlsdorf Cemetery

text: "Menschen bei Maischberger"

text: "Domenica Portfolio"

text: "Domenica Portfolio"

categories: German dominatrices,German autobiographers,1945 births,People from Cologne,People from Hamburg,2009 deaths,German prostitutes

paragraph: Domenica Niehoff

paragraph: Domenica Anita Niehoff (3 August 1945 – 12 February 2009), also known as Domenica, was a German prostitute and activist. She appeared in television shows in the 1990s, where she campaigned for legalization of and regulation of the profession.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Niehoff was born in Cologne. Her mother, Anna, fled from her father and raised her children by fortune telling and minor crimes. After her mother was arrested, Niehoff and her brother Amando lived in a Catholic orphanage until she was 14 when she began work as a trainee clerk. When she was 17, she met a brothel-owner whom she later married. Her husband committed suicide in 1972.

paragraph: During that year Niehoff started working as a prostitute in the red light district of Hamburg, St. Pauli and in the Herbertstraße. Later she opened a studio and became known as a dominatrix. She appeared on German TV talk shows campaigning for prostitutes and legalisation of the profession from the 1970s onwards. By the 1990s, she had retired from prostitution but stayed in Hamburg's red light district to open a bar. A bar that she owned from 1998 was closed in 2000 when she had unpaid tax bills. In 1991, she co-founded Ragazza e.V to help young prostitutes and in the same period began to help drug addicts.

paragraph: Niehoff died in February 2009 from lung disease and complications from diabetes in a Hamburg hospital. Niehoff was buried in the "Garden of Women" at the Ohlsdorf Cemetery. She was the first prostitute buried in this area for distinguished women, according to the coordinator of the funeral service.

paragraph: In November 2016, it emerged that a street was to be named after Niehoff in the Altona district of Hamburg.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domenica Niehoff: "Domenicas Kopfkissenbuch". Droemer Knaur, München 1989, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domenica Niehoff: "Körper mit Seele. Mein Leben". Aufgezeichnet von Hans Eppendorfer, Droemer Knaur, München 1994, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fee Zschocke (Texte), Andrej Reiser (Fotogr.): "Domenica und die Herbertstraße". Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 1981, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Domenica Portfolio". Grafikmappe, Schreiber & Leser, München 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Media.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Menschen bei Maischberger", talkshow on German television

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Domenica Portfolio", Loustal international Art Site: Virtuel Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Domenica Portfolio", Schreiber&Leser

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sexarbeit Prostitution – Lebenswelten und Mythen", Exhibition in "Museum der Arbeit", Hamburg

description: German prostitute and activist

wikidata_label: Domenica Niehoff

wikipedia_title: Domenica Niehoff


text:
German
Bamberg
Prince-Bishop of Bamberg
Georg Schenk von Limpurg
humanistic
Roman law
Constitutio Criminalis Carolina
Franconia
Holy Roman Empire
Charles V
Reformation
Cicero
Martin Luther
House of Schwarzenberg

categories: 1463 births,1528 deaths,Schwarzenberg family,German male poets,16th-century jurists,People from Bamberg,German poets,German judges

paragraph: Johann of Schwarzenberg

paragraph: Johann of Schwarzenberg (December 25, 1463 – October 21, 1528) (also Johann, Freiherr von Schwarzenberg and Hohenlandsberg) was a German moralist and reformer who, as judge of the episcopal court at Bamberg, introduced a new code of evidence which amended the procedure then prevalent in Europe by securing for the accused a more impartial hearing.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1507, at the direction of the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg, Georg Schenk von Limpurg, Schwarzenberg drew up the "Halsgerichtsordnung" (Procedure for the judgment of capital crimes) of Bamberg (also known as the "Bambergensis"). It was based on the humanistic school of Roman law, and it was in turn the basis for the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina, drafted in 1530 and ratified in 1532.

paragraph: In 1507, Schwarzenberg was a leader of the knights of Franconia.

paragraph: From 1522 to 1524, he was a member of the Reichsregiment (Imperial regiment), a body formed for the government of the Holy Roman Empire, and in the absence of Charles V even the governor of the Empire.

paragraph: He composed moral and satirical poems and works regarding the Reformation.

paragraph: He also did translations, mainly of Cicero.

paragraph: He was an early adherent and friend of Martin Luther.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Schwarzenberg

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Endnotes:

paragraph: BULLET::::- see W. Scheel, "Johann, Freiherr von S." (Berlin, 1905).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "German Wikipedia".

description: German judge and poet

wikidata_label: Johann of Schwarzenberg

wikipedia_title: Johann of Schwarzenberg


text:
S. Gifford Slocum
G. W. & W. D. Hewitt
Paul Chalfin
Villa Vizcaya
Douglas Entrance
Denman Fink
Walter De Garmo
Venetian Pool
Denman Fink
Coral Gables City Hall
Old United States Courthouse
Coral Gables Police and Fire Station
Charles Deering Estate
article on Piast

categories: Architects from Florida,Architects from Philadelphia,1937 deaths,20th-century American architects,1873 births

paragraph: Phineas Paist

paragraph: Phineas P. Paist (1873–1937) was an American architect who was the supervising architect for the Coral Gables Corporation.

paragraph: Paist was an architect working for S. Gifford Slocum at age 20. In 1893 he became an associate of G. W. & W. D. Hewitt. He later worked as an associate architect to Paul Chalfin in building the Villa Vizcaya in Florida.

paragraph: Section::::Some of his projects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Douglas Entrance, 1924, Coral Gables, FL. On the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. With Denman Fink and Walter De Garmo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Venetian Pool, 1925, Coral Gables, FL. On the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. With Denman Fink.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colonnade Building, 1926, Coral Gables, FL. With Walter De Garmo and Paul Chalfin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Sebastian Apartment Hotel, 1926, Coral Gables, FL.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coral Gables City Hall, 1928, Coral Gables. On the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. With Harold Steward.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Old United States Courthouse, 1931, Miami, FL. On the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coral Gables Police and Fire Station, 1939, Coral Gables, FL. On the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Deering Estate. On the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Behar, Roberto M., ed. "Coral Gables". Paris, France: Editions Norma, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patricios, Nicholas N. "Building Marvelous Miami". Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1994. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- article on Piast

description: American architect

wikidata_label: Phineas Paist

wikipedia_title: Phineas Paist


text: prisoner of war

text: surrender of Hong Kong

text: Shewan, Tomes & Co.

text: Robert Shewan

text: Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce

text: Legislative Council

text: Executive Council

text: Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club

text: St. Andrew's Society

text: Stanley Hudson Dodwell

text: Battle of Hong Kong

text: Repulse Bay Hotel

text: Christopher Maltby

text: prisoner of war

text: Stanley Internment Camp

categories: Hong Kong businesspeople,Hong Kong people of Scottish descent,Scottish expatriates in Hong Kong,Scottish businesspeople,Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong,Chairmen of HSBC,1944 deaths,Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong,1882 births

paragraph: Andrew Lusk Shields

paragraph: Andrew Lusk Shields (c. 1882 – 24 July 1944) was a Scottish businessman and politician in Hong Kong. He died as a prisoner of war following the surrender of Hong Kong in 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Shields was born in about 1882. He joined Shewan, Tomes & Co. and succeeded Robert Shewan as a partner of the firm. He was also chairman of the Sandakan Light and Power Co. and had been on the board of directors of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. He was elected chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce in 1938.

paragraph: He was an unofficial member of the Legislative Council from 1938 to 1941 as representative of the Chamber of Commerce and was appointed to the Executive Council in April 1941. During his time on the Legislative Council, taxation was hotly debated. Shields, representing the Chamber of Commerce's interest, opposed the government's Income Tax Bill for the raising of revenue for war.

paragraph: Shields was a keen sailor. He was the commodore of the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club between 1927 and 1928, and was elected again in 1932, serving until 1936. He was also appointed honorary commander of the Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force in January 1934. He was a member of the Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Advisory Committee.

paragraph: Shields was also president of the St. Andrew's Society, a club for Scotsmen in Hong Kong, in 1932 and elected chief-captain in 1933.

paragraph: He held public offices including, among others, member of the Volunteer Advisory Committee and Appeal Tribunal under the Compulsory Service Ordinance, and acted as a member of the Authorized Architects Consulting Committee, the Shipping Control Board, and as the chairman of the Essential Commodities Board during the absence of Stanley Hudson Dodwell.

paragraph: During the Battle of Hong Kong, he was escorted through the Japanese lines from the Repulse Bay Hotel and gave Major-General Christopher Maltby an account of the Japanese forces and equipment. He tried to persuade Maltby to surrender but Maltby decided to fight on. Hong Kong finally surrendered on 25 December 1941 which is now referred to as "Black Christmas".

paragraph: Shields became a prisoner of war and died at the Stanley Internment Camp on 24 July 1944 at the age of 62. His wife was repatriated with the Canadians.

description: businessman and politician

wikidata_label: Andrew Lusk Shields

wikipedia_title: Andrew Lusk Shields


text: Roman empire

text: Roman agriculture

text: Cato the Elder

text: Varro

text: asterid

text: Columellia

text: Gades

text: Hispania Baetica

text: Cádiz

text: tribune

text: Syria

text: Pliny the Elder

text: Servius

text: Cassiodorus

text: Isidorus

text: Palladius

text: Poggio Bracciolini

text: Bartolomeo di Montepulciano

text: Council of Constance

text: viticulture

text: dactylic

text: hexameter

text: Virgil

text: Cassiodorus

text: Aulus Cornelius Celsus

text: Carthaginian

text: Mago

text: Tremellius Scrofa

text: Greek

text: Italy

text: Ardea

text: Carseoli

text: Alba

text: Cato the Elder

text: Varro Reatinus

text: Palladius

text: Beroaldo, Filippo "il vecchio"

text: full text

text: Junia (gens)

text: Ancient Rome and wine

text: Complete text in Latin

text: The Latin Library

text: Books I‑IV in English translation

text: LacusCurtius

text: "De re rustica"

text: Somni

categories: Junii,70 deaths,Geoponici,Silver Age Latin writers,1st-century Romans,People from Cádiz,AD 4 births,Latin-language writers,Ancient Roman writers,Romans from Hispania,1st-century writers

paragraph: Columella

paragraph: Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; 4 – c. 70 AD) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman empire.

paragraph: His "De Re Rustica" in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the works of Cato the Elder and Varro, both of which he occasionally cites. A smaller book on trees, "De arboribus", is usually attributed to him.

paragraph: In 1794 the Spanish botanists Jose Antonio Pavón y Jimenez and Hipólito Ruiz López named a genus of Peruvian asterid "Columellia" in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Little is known of Columella's life. He was probably born in Gades, Hispania Baetica (modern Cádiz), possibly to Roman parents. After a career in the army (he was tribune in Syria in 35), he turned to farming his estates at Ardea, Carseoli, and Alba in Latium.

paragraph: Section::::"De Re Rustica".

paragraph: In ancient times, Columella's work "appears to have been but little read", cited only by Pliny the Elder, Servius, Cassiodorus, and Isidorus, and having fallen "into almost complete neglect" after Palladius published an abridgement of it.

paragraph: This book is presented as advice to a certain Publius Silvinus. Previously known only in fragments, the complete book was among those discovered in monastery libraries in Switzerland and France by Poggio Bracciolini and his assistant Bartolomeo di Montepulciano during the Council of Constance, between 1414 and 1418.

paragraph: Structure of "De Re Rustica" ("On Rural Affairs"):

paragraph: BULLET::::- soils

paragraph: BULLET::::- viticulture

paragraph: BULLET::::- fruits

paragraph: BULLET::::- olive trees

paragraph: BULLET::::- big animals: cattle, horses and mules

paragraph: BULLET::::- small animals: asses, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs

paragraph: BULLET::::- fish and fowl: chickens, doves, thrushes, peacocks, Numidian chicken and guinea fowl, geese, ducks, fish ponds

paragraph: BULLET::::- wild animals: enclosures for wild animals, bee-keeping, production of honey and wax

paragraph: BULLET::::- gardens

paragraph: BULLET::::- personnel management

paragraph: BULLET::::- calendars

paragraph: BULLET::::- household management

paragraph: Book 10 is written entirely in dactylic hexameter verse, in imitation of or homage to, Virgil. It may initially have been intended to be the concluding volume, books 11 and 12 being perhaps an addition to the original scheme.

paragraph: A complete but anonymous translation into English was published by Millar in 1745. Excerpts had previously been translated by Bradley.

paragraph: Section::::"De arboribus".

paragraph: The short work "De arboribus", "On Trees", is in manuscripts and early editions of Columella considered as book 3 of "De Re Rustica". However it is clear from the opening sentences that it is part of a separate and possibly earlier work. As the anonymous translator of the Millar edition notes (p. 571), there is in "De arboribus" no mention of the Publius Silvinus to whom the "De Re Rustica" is addressed. A recent critical edition of the Latin text of the "De Re Rustica" of Columella includes it, but as "incerti auctoris", by an unknown hand. Cassiodorus mentions sixteen books of Columella, which has led to the suggestion that "De arboribus" formed part of a work in four volumes.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: In addition to Cato the Elder and Varro, Columella used many sources that are no longer extant and for which he is one of the few references. These include works by Aulus Cornelius Celsus, the Carthaginian writer Mago, Tremellius Scrofa, and many Greek sources. His uncle Marcus Columella, "a clever man and an exceptional farmer" (VII.2.30), had conducted experiments in sheep breeding, crossing colourful wild rams, introduced from Africa for gladiatorial games, with domestic sheep, and may have influenced his nephew's interests. Columella owned farms in Italy; he refers specifically to estates at Ardea, Carseoli, and Alba, and speaks repeatedly of his own practical experience in agriculture.

paragraph: Section::::Principal early editions.

paragraph: The earliest editions of Columella group his works with those on agriculture of Cato the Elder, Varro Reatinus and Palladius. Some modern library catalogues follow Brunet in listing these under "Rei rusticae scriptores" or "Scriptores rei rusticae".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iunii Moderati Columellae hortulus" [Rome: Printer of Silius Italicus, ca. 1471] (book X only)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georgius Merula, Franciscus Colucia (eds.) "De re rustica" Opera et impensa Nicolai Ienson: Venetiis, 1472.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lucii Iunii Moderati Columellae de Cultu hortorum Liber .xi. quem .Pub. Virgilius .M. i[n] Georgicis Posteris edendum dimisit." [Padova]: D[ominicus] S[iliprandus], [ca. 1480]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Opera Agricolationum: Columellæ: Varronis: Catonisque: nec non Palladii: cū excriptionibus .D. Philippi Beroaldi: & commentariis quæ in aliis impressionibus non extāt". Impensis Benedicti hectoris: Bonon., xiii. calen. octob. [19 Sept.], 1494

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beroaldo, Filippo "il vecchio" "Oratio de felicitate habita in enarratione Georgicon Virgilii et Columellae" Bononiae: per Ioannemantonium De Benedictis, 1507

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lucii Junii moderati Columell[ae] de cultu hortorum carme[n] : Necno[n] [et] Palladius de arboru[m] insitione una cu[m] Nicolai Barptholomaei Lochensis hortulo." Parisiis: Venundantur parisiis in aedibus Radulphi Laliseau [printed by Jean Marchant], [1512] (poetry sections only)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Columella, Lucius Iunius Moderatus "Columella De cultu ortorum. Interprete Pio Bononiensi". Impressum Bononiae: a Hieronymo de Benedictis bibliopola et calcographo, 1520 mense Augusto

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Libri De Re Rustica...Additis Nuper Commentariis Iunii Pompo. Fortunati in Librum De Cultu Hortorum, Cum Adnotationibus Philippi Beroaldi..." Florence: Filippo Giunta, 1521

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De re rustica libri XII. Euisdem de Arboris liber, separatus ab aliis". Lyon, Sébastien Gryphe, 1541

paragraph: BULLET::::- Columella, Lucius Iunius Moderatus "De l'agricoltura libri XII. / Lutio Giunio Moderato Columella. Trattato de gli alberi, tradotto nuouamente di latino in lingua italiana per Pietro Lauro Modonese" In Venetia: [Michele Tramezzino il vecchio], 1544

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Douze livres des choses rustiques. Traduicts de Latin en François, par feu maistre Claude Cotereau Chanoine de Paris. La traduction duquel ha esté soingneusement reveue & en la plupart corrigée, & illustrée de doctes annotations par maistre Jean Thierry de Beauvoisis" Paris: Jacques Kerver, 1551, 1555

paragraph: BULLET::::- Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus "Les douze liures ... des choses rustiques, tr. par C. Cotereau. La tr. corrigée & illustrée de doctes annotations par J. Thiery de Beauoisis" Paris, 1555

paragraph: BULLET::::- Columella, Lucius Iunius Moderatus "Lutio Giunio Moderato Columella De l'agricoltura libri XII. Trattato de gli alberi del medesimo, tradotto nuouamente di latino in lingua italiana per Pietro Lauro modonese". In Venetia: per Geronimo Caualcalouo, 1559

paragraph: BULLET::::- Columella, Lucius Iunius Moderatus "Lutio Giunio Moderato Columella De l'agricoltura libri XII. Trattato de gli alberi tradotto nuovamente di latino in lingua italiana per Pietro Lauro modonese". In Venetia: appresso Nicolò Beuilacqua, 1564

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orsini, Fulvio "Notae ad M. Catonem, M. Varronem, L. Columellam de re rustica. Ad kalend. rusticum Farnesianum & veteres inscriptiones Fratrum Arvalium. Iunius Philargyrius in Bucolica & Georgica Virgilij. Notae ad Servium in Bucol. Georg. & Aeneid. Virg. Velius Longus de orthographia : ex bibliotheca Fulvi Ursini" Romae: in aedib. S.P.Q.R. apud Georgium Ferrarium, 1587

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bradley, Richard "A Survey of the Ancient Husbandry and Gardening collected from Cato, Varro, Columella, Virgil, and others, the most eminent writers among the Greeks & Romans: wherein many of the most difficult passages in those authors are explain'd ... Adorn'd with cuts, etc." London: B. Motte, 1725

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gesner, Johann Matthias (ed.) "Scriptores Rei Rusticae veteres Latini Cato, Varro, Columella, Palladius, quibus nunc accedit Vegetius de Mulo-Medicina et Gargilii Martialis fragmentum (Ausoni Popinæ De instrumento fundi liber. J. B. Morgagni epist. IV.) cum editionibus prope omnibus et MSS. pluribus collati: adjectae notae virorum clariss, integræ ... et lexicon Rei Rusticae curante Io. Matthia Gesnero" Lipsiae: sumtibus Caspari Fritsch, 1735 (full text)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (trans. Anon.) "L. Junius Moderatus Columella of Husbandry, in Twelve Books: and his book, concerning Trees. Translated into English, with illustrations from Pliny, Cato, Varro, Palladius and other ancient and modern authors" London: A. Millar, 1745

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Junia (gens)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancient Rome and wine

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baldwin, Barry. 1963. "Columella’s Sources and How He Used Them." "Latomus" 22:785–791.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bertoni, D. 2017. “Geometry and Genre in Columella.” "American Journal of Philology." 138.3: 527-554.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carandini, Andrea. 1983. "Columella’s Vineyard and the Rationality of the Roman Economy." "Opus" 2:177–204.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carroll, Peter D. 1976. "Columella the Reformer." "Latomus" 35:783–790.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doody, Aude. 2007. "Virgil the Farmer? Critiques of the Georgics in Columella and Pliny." "Classical Philology." 102.2: 180-197.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dumont, Jean Christian. 2008. "Columella and Vergil." "Vergilius" 54:49–59.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Forster, E. S. 1950. "Columella and His Latin Treatise on Agriculture." "Greece and Rome" 19:123–128.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gowers, Emily. 2000. "Vegetable Love: Virgil, Columella, and Garden Poetry." "Ramus" 29:127–148.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, John. 2002. "Columella's Living Hedge: the Roman Gardening Book." "The Journal of Roman Studies" 92: 110-133.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olson, L. 1943. "Columella and the Beginning of Soil Science." "Agricultural History" 17:65–72.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by Columella at Perseus Digital Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete text in Latin at The Latin Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete 1745 English edition on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Books I‑IV in English translation at LacusCurtius

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De re rustica" at Somni

alias:
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella
Lucius Columella
Lucius Kolumella
Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella

description: Roman writer on agriculture

enwikiquote_title: Columella

wikidata_label: Columella

wikipedia_title: Columella


text:
Charles, Count of Valois
Margaret, Countess of Anjou
Philip VI of France
Guy I, Count of Blois
Louis I of Châtillon
Charles of Blois
Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine
Leiningen

categories: 1295 births,French countesses,1342 deaths,House of Valois

paragraph: Margaret of Valois, Countess of Blois

paragraph: Margaret of Valois (1295–1342) was a French noblewoman. She was a daughter of Charles, Count of Valois, and his first wife, Margaret, Countess of Anjou. She was also a sister of King Philip VI of France.

paragraph: In 1310, she married Guy I, Count of Blois. They had three children together:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis I of Châtillon (d. 1346)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles of Blois (d. 1364)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie, married:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. in 1334 to Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1346)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Frederick VII, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg.

description: French noblewoman

wikidata_label: Margaret of Valois, Countess of Blois

wikipedia_title: Margaret of Valois, Countess of Blois


text:
American football
college football
University of Michigan
1959 Michigan team
New York Titans
1960 American Football League Draft
Detroit
Pershing High School
University of Michigan
Michigan Wolverines football
1958 Michigan Wolverines football team
Big Ten Conference
1959 Michigan team
Bennie Oosterbaan
Bump Elliott
1959 Wolverines
North–South Shrine Game
New York Titans
1960 AFL draft
Steve Sebo
Milan High School
Saginaw High School
Jeff Genyk
Eastern Michigan University
Biography of George Genyk
University of Michigan

categories: Deaths from cancer in Arizona,Michigan Wolverines football players,1938 births,2017 deaths,Sportspeople from Detroit,High school football coaches in the United States

paragraph: George Genyk

paragraph: George William Genyk (June 6, 1938 – April 29, 2017) was an American football lineman and coach.

paragraph: Genyk played college football for the University of Michigan from 1957 to 1959 and was the captain of the 1959 Michigan team. He was drafted by the newly formed New York Titans (renamed the Jets in 1963) in the first tier 1960 American Football League Draft. He coached high school football in Michigan for more than 30 years.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Genyk was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, and graduated from Pershing High School. He played on the 1953 Pershing Doughboys football team that outscored opponents 303–55 and was selected as the state's Class A football champions.

paragraph: Section::::Football career.

paragraph: Section::::Football career.:Michigan career.

paragraph: Genyk attended the University of Michigan and played for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1957 to 1959. In 1957, he became the second recipient of the John F. Maulbetsch Award, presented to him as the freshman football candidate for showing "desire, character, capacity for leadership and future success both on and off the gridiron." In May 1958, he also received a Yost Honor Award for combined athletic and scholastic achievement during the 1957–58 academic year.

paragraph: As a junior, he started for the 1958 Michigan Wolverines football team. The 1958 team finished in eighth place in the Big Ten Conference with a disappointing 2-6-1 record. Genyk was the starting left tackle in all nine games and appeared in 246 out of the 540 minutes of play during the 1958 season. In late November 1958, after the final game had been played, the Michigan players elected Genyk as the captain of the 1959 Michigan team.

paragraph: Michigan head coach Bennie Oosterbaan was fired after the 1958 season and replaced with Bump Elliott. Under the new head coach, the 1959 Wolverines improved marginally to 7th place in the Big Ten and a 4-5 record. Genyk was the starting left guard in eight of Michigan's nine games in 1959. He became known as the "Ironman" of the Michigan line, playing in 430 out of the 540 minutes in Michigan's nine football games. He missed one game after being knocked out in pregames warmups. He suffered a head wound that required several stitches.

paragraph: After Michigan's 1959 season was complete, Genyk accepted an invitation to play in the North–South Shrine Game held at the Orange Bowl on December 26, 1959.

paragraph: Section::::Football career.:Professional football.

paragraph: Genyk was drafted by the New York Titans in the 1960 AFL draft. In late December 1959, Titans general manager Steve Sebo signed Genyk to a contract. It appears that Genyk was cut before the 1960 AFL season began.

paragraph: Section::::Football career.:Later career.

paragraph: After his playing career ended, Genyk worked as a head school football coach and high school teacher for over 30 years, including stints at Milan High School and Saginaw High School.

paragraph: Genyk's son, Jeff Genyk, was the head football coach at Eastern Michigan University from 2004 to 2008.

paragraph: Genyk died from cancer at a medical clinic in Arizona on April 29, 2017 at age 78.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of George Genyk at the University of Michigan

description: American football player and coach

wikidata_label: George Genyk

wikipedia_title: George Genyk


text: Mosul

text: Ottoman Iraq

text: Baghdad

text: Iraq

text: Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople

text: Armenian Genocide

text: Baghdad

text: Diyarbakir

text: Baghdad

text: Armenian Genocide

categories: Iraqi Armenians,1947 deaths,Witnesses of the Armenian Genocide,Armenian Patriarchs of Constantinople,Armenian Oriental Orthodox Christians,People from Mosul,Armenians of the Ottoman Empire,1868 births

paragraph: Zaven I Der Yeghiayan of Constantinople

paragraph: Zaven Der Yeghiayan (Զաւէն Տէր Եղիայեան, 8 September 1868 Mosul, Ottoman Iraq – 4 June 1947 Baghdad, Iraq) was Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople in 1913–22. He was deported to Mosul during the Armenian Genocide.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Zaven Der-Yeghiayan received his primary education in Baghdad. He continued his studies at the Armash Theological Seminary. He became bishop and then prelate for Diyarbakir and in 1913 he became patriarch of Constantinople. The Ottoman government exiled him to Baghdad in 1916. In 1926 Zaven became director plenipotentiary of the Melkonian Institute in Cyprus. In 1927 he moved back to Baghdad. He is the author of "My Patriarchal Memoirs". This memoir gives readers a detailed eyewitness account of the Armenian Genocide and attempts by the Patriarch himself to stop it.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian Genocide

description: Armenian Patriarch

wikidata_label: Zaven I Der Yeghiayan of Constantinople

wikipedia_title: Zaven I Der Yeghiayan of Constantinople


text:
naturalist
explorer
Berlin
Mexico
Berlin Museum
Count von Sack
William Bullock
California
Hawaii
Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann
Hamm
herpetology
specific epithets
Abronia deppii
Aspidoscelis deppei
Pituophis deppei
Tantilla deppei
Deppe's squirrel
Oxalis deppei
Stresemann, Erwin

categories: German naturalists,Scientists from Berlin,1861 deaths,German ornithologists,German entomologists,German explorers,Artists from Berlin,1794 births

paragraph: Ferdinand Deppe

paragraph: Ferdinand Deppe (1794–1861) was a German naturalist, explorer and painter. He was born and died in Berlin.

paragraph: Deppe travelled to Mexico in 1824. He collected natural history specimens for the Berlin Museum with Count von Sack and William Bullock. He also collected in California and Hawaii on his way home in 1830. Some of his American flies were described by Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann in "Aussereuropäische Zweiflügelige Insekten" published in Hamm (1828–1830).

paragraph: In the field of herpetology, he is commemorated in the specific epithets of "Abronia deppii" (Deppe's arboreal alligator lizard), "Aspidoscelis deppei" (blackbelly racerunner), "Pituophis deppei" (Mexican pine snake), and "Tantilla deppei" (Deppe's centipede snake). His name is also associated with Deppe's squirrel ("Sciurus deppei" ) and "Oxalis deppei", the so-called "lucky four-leaf clover".

paragraph: He was the younger brother of Wilhelm Deppe, an accountant with the zoological museum of Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Associated publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Travels in California in 1837"; (1953) Part of the series: Early California travels series, 15. Translated from a publication of 1847, "Zeitschrift für Erdkunde", vol. 7, p. 383-90.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stresemann, Erwin (1954). "Ferdinand Deppe's travels in Mexico, 1824-1829". "Condor" 56 (2): 86–92.

description: German naturalist

wikidata_label: Ferdinand Deppe

wikipedia_title: Ferdinand Deppe


text:
German
naturalist
Johann Friedrich Naumann
Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann
bird
lesser kestrel
Naumann's thrush
Images

categories: German naturalists,1744 births,1826 deaths,People from Südliches Anhalt

paragraph: Johann Andreas Naumann

paragraph: Johann Andreas Naumann (13 April 1744 – 15 May 1826) was a German farmer and an amateur naturalist. He was the father of Johann Friedrich Naumann and geologist Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann. He wrote an important book on the birds of Germany entitled "Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands" (1804), and his name has been commemorated in the Latin names of the birds lesser kestrel, "Falco naumanni," and the Naumann's thrush, "Turdus naumanni."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Images from a 1905 edition of "Naturgeschichte"

description: German naturalist

wikidata_label: Johann Andreas Naumann

wikipedia_title: Johann Andreas Naumann


text:
third baseman
manager
coach
Major League Baseball
Milwaukee Braves
general manager
Los Angeles Angels
American League
King of Baseball
Albuquerque, New Mexico
third baseman
batting average
home runs
RBI
Detroit Tigers
Boston Red Sox
Chicago Cubs
St. Louis Cardinals
Pacific Coast League
PCL Angels
Hollywood Stars
Toledo Mud Hens
American Association
St. Louis Browns
Luke Sewell
play-by-play
National League
Pittsburgh Pirates
1956
Charlie Grimm
Brooklyn Dodgers
Baseball Hall of Fame
Hank Aaron
Eddie Mathews
Warren Spahn
Red Schoendienst
Lew Burdette
Bob Buhl
Johnny Logan
Del Crandall
National League
St. Louis Cardinals
Joe Adcock
Bill Bruton
World Series
New York Yankees
Yankee Stadium
World Series Most Valuable Player
National League Most Valuable Player
Major League
Cy Young Award
Danny Murtaugh
Bob Buhl
Wes Covington
tuberculosis
World Series
Milwaukee County Stadium
slugging percentage
second baseman
Los Angeles Dodgers
Chuck Dressen
Bill James
Frank Torre
Lindsey Nelson
NBC
Los Angeles Angels
Gene Autry
shortstop
Jim Fregosi
pitcher
Dean Chance
expansion draft
Leon Wagner
Lee Thomas
Chavez Ravine
Anaheim Stadium
Orange County
California Angels
Dick Walsh
heart attack
Beverly Hills, California
Holy Cross Cemetery
Culver City, California
Baseball-Reference.com

categories: Sportspeople from Albuquerque, New Mexico,California Angels executives,Minor league baseball managers,Portland Buckaroos players,Indianapolis Indians players,Milwaukee Braves managers,1977 deaths,Toledo Mud Hens managers,Detroit Tigers players,Vaudeville performers,Major League Baseball general managers,Hollywood Stars managers,St. Louis Cardinals players,St. Louis Browns managers,Major League Baseball broadcasters,Baseball managers,Baseball executives,Boston Red Sox players,Los Angeles Angels executives,Major League Baseball third basemen,Chicago Cubs players,Milwaukee Braves coaches,Pittsburgh Pirates managers,Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City,Baseball players from New Mexico,Omaha Rourkes players,1896 births,Hollywood Stars players,Omaha Buffaloes players,Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players

paragraph: Fred Haney

paragraph: Fred Girard Haney (April 25, 1896 – November 9, 1977) was an American third baseman, manager, coach and executive in Major League Baseball (MLB). As a manager, he won two pennants and a world championship with the Milwaukee Braves and, as an executive, he was the first general manager of the expansion Los Angeles Angels of the American League. For years, Haney was one of the most popular baseball figures in Los Angeles. In 1974 he was presented with the King of Baseball award given by Minor League Baseball.

paragraph: Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and raised in Los Angeles, Haney's major league playing career lasted all or part of seven seasons (1922–27, 1929). Primarily a third baseman—despite his diminutive (5 feet, 6 inches/1.67 m) size—Haney compiled a .275 batting average with 8 home runs and 229 RBI for the Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs and St. Louis Cardinals. Much of his playing career was spent in his hometown with the city's two Pacific Coast League clubs, the original PCL Angels and the Hollywood Stars. He threw and batted right-handed.

paragraph: Section::::Manager and broadcaster.

paragraph: Haney became a manager in 1936, piloting the Toledo Mud Hens of the AA American Association, the top farm team of the St. Louis Browns. In 1939, he took over the lowly Browns and the team lost 111 games. They improved by 24 games in 1940, but when the 1941 Brownies dropped 32 of their first 44 contests, Haney was replaced by Luke Sewell.

paragraph: After briefly returning to Toledo to manage through 1942, Haney went home to Los Angeles (and the Coast League) as the radio play-by-play broadcaster for the Hollywood Stars and Los Angeles Angels for six seasons, starting in 1943. In 1949, he moved back into the dugout as the manager of the Hollywood club. During his four years (1949–52) as manager, the Stars won two PCL pennants.

paragraph: As a reward, Haney was named manager of the Stars' parent club: the worst team in the National League, the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Pirates rang up three last place finishes in Haney's 1953–55 tenure, losing 104, 101 and 94 games. Finally, he was given the pink slip by the Bucs, and he joined the Milwaukee Braves as a coach for 1956. Adversity turned into good fortune, however, when the Braves—slow out of the gate in '56—fired skipper Charlie Grimm on June 17 and turned to Haney. Milwaukee played at a .630 clip for the rest of the season and improved from fifth to second place, only one game behind the Brooklyn Dodgers, securing Haney's tenure in the Beer City.

paragraph: Section::::Golden years of the Braves' Milwaukee era.

paragraph: In 1957, with a lineup that included future Baseball Hall of Fame members Hank Aaron, Eddie Mathews, Warren Spahn, and Red Schoendienst – and stars such as Lew Burdette, Bob Buhl, Johnny Logan and Del Crandall – the Braves won the National League pennant by eight games over the St. Louis Cardinals. During the regular season, Haney led the Braves in overcoming season-ending injuries to star first baseman Joe Adcock and fleet center fielder Bill Bruton, and slow starts to the season by their starting left fielder and second baseman, both of whom were traded in mid-June for Schoendienst.

paragraph: Then, led by Burdette's three complete-game victories in the World Series, the Braves defeated the New York Yankees in seven games – including winning the crucial seventh game 5–0 in Yankee Stadium with Burdette pitching – thus making him the World Series Most Valuable Player. Aaron received the National League Most Valuable Player award and Spahn won the lone Major League Cy Young Award (two Cy Young Awards were not given out per year until 1967).

paragraph: In 1958, the Milwaukee Braves repeated as the National League champions, this time again by a margin of eight games. (This time, it was a victory over Haney's old friends in Pittsburgh, back in contention under their manager Danny Murtaugh). The core of the Braves team was once again Aaron, Matthews, Adcock, Spahn, and Burdette; and Bruton come back from his season-ending injury in 1957 to play in 100 games. Logan played a full season with 145 games. Aaron led the team with 196 hits, 109 runs scored, and 95 runs batted in, and Matthews led the team with 31 home runs.

paragraph: However, in 1958 their starting pitcher Bob Buhl was injured after pitching in just 11 games, winning five, and that put even more pressure on Haney, Spahn, and Burdette to win. Also because of injuries, Adcock played in only 105 games, and Wes Covington played in just 90. Schoendienst played in just 106 games, including some as just a pinch hitter, and it was discovered the next year that he had tuberculosis. In that difficult situation, Haney managed Spahn to a 22–11 record in 290 innings pitched and 23 complete games, and Burdette to a 20–10 record in 275 innings. The Braves finished first in the National League with a 92–62 record and returned to the World Series.

paragraph: The Yankees again won the American League, hence the two teams faced off against each other again in the World Series. The Braves roared ahead by winning three of the first four games for a 3–1 lead in the series. However, the Yankees then regrouped, and they won games five, six, and seven to win the World Championship, with the final two games being played in Milwaukee County Stadium, the Braves' home stadium.

paragraph: In 1959, the Milwaukee Braves were back in the thick of contention again, with the same core of regular players, and a stronger pitching staff, since Buhl came back to pitch 200 innings in 31 games, with a 15–9 record. Spahn and Burdette both shone, each with a 21–15 record, 290 innings pitched, and a combined total of 41 complete games. Adcock played in 115 games, Bruton played in 133, and Aaron and Matthews had incredible seasons. Aaron led the league with careers highs in 223 hits, a 0.355 batting average, and 400 total bases, and he also led the league in slugging percentage. Aaron also hit 39 home runs and had 123 runs batted in. However, Matthews led the team with 46 home runs, and batted in 114 runs.

paragraph: On the minus side of the equation, second baseman Schoendienst played in only five games and then went into a long but successful treatment for tuberculosis, and outfielder Wes Covington played in just 105 games.

paragraph: Still, Haney managed the Braves to an end-of-the-season tie with the Los Angeles Dodgers for first place, with records of 86 wins and 68 losses. This forced the two teams into a best-two-out-of-three-games playoff. The Dodgers, who had lost playoffs for the pennant in both 1946 and 1951, were not to be denied in 1959. The Dodgers swept the first two games of the playoff, and they won their first pennant in their new home city – Haney's hometown of Los Angeles. A few days later, Haney, approaching the age of 61, was dismissed as the manager of the Braves, and he was replaced by the former Dodger coach Chuck Dressen.

paragraph: In his guide to baseball managers, author Bill James makes a detailed case for considering Haney's 1959 season at the helm of the Braves as the worst performance by an MLB manager. As he puts it: "Without exaggeration, the 1959 Dodgers shouldn't have been within 20 games of the Braves". In reality, the two teams ended up playing a three-game playoff, which the Dodgers swept in two games. Among Haney's mistakes that season: riding his two top pitchers, Warren Spahn and Lew Burdette into the ground while ignoring a number of talented youngsters who were available to pitch; platooning Joe Adcock with the awful Frank Torre long after Torre had demonstrated he was in a year-long slump; failing to settle on a solution when 2B Red Schoendienst was lost for the season; and loading his bench with a group of grumpy and over-the-hill veterans from which he failed to get any production.

paragraph: Thus, during his tenure of a little more than three-and-one-half seasons, Haney led the only two pennant winners, and the only World Champion, during the 13-year existence (1953–65) of the Milwaukee Braves. With his other two clubs "near misses", Haney stands as by far the most successful manager of the Braves' years in Milwaukee.

paragraph: Haney's career managing record — tarnished by his poor teams in St. Louis and Pittsburgh — was 629–757 (). However, with the Braves, he won 341 games and lost 231 ().

paragraph: Section::::First general manager of the AL Angels.

paragraph: Haney was not out of work long. In 1960 he made a brief return to broadcasting, teaming with Lindsey Nelson to call weekend baseball for NBC television. The following year, the American League granted an expansion team to Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Angels, and its owner, Gene Autry, chose Haney to operate the team and its organization for him. While the Angels usually struggled on the playing field during Haney's tenure as GM from 1961 to 1968, they did finish a surprising third in 1962, and contended for the 1967 pennant as well. Haney made the team competitive in its early years by selecting future stars such as the shortstop Jim Fregosi and the pitcher Dean Chance in the expansion draft, and acquiring sluggers such as Leon Wagner and Lee Thomas. Haney also oversaw the Angels' relocation in 1966 from Chavez Ravine down the freeway to Anaheim Stadium in Orange County.

paragraph: Upon his retirement at the end of the 1968 baseball season, Haney became a part-time consultant for the California Angels, and he was succeeded as the team's general manager by Dick Walsh.

paragraph: Haney died of a heart attack on November 9, 1977, at age 81 in Beverly Hills, California. He was interred in the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball-Reference.com – career managing record

description: American baseball player, coach, manager

wikidata_label: Fred Haney

wikipedia_title: Fred Haney