text:
Berber
Roman Britain
Emperor
Antoninus Pius
Historia Augusta
Tiddis
Cirta
Numidia
Edward Champlin
Cirta
Publius Pactumeius Clemens
Gaius Arrius Antoninus
Fronto
patrons
Twenty-second Legion
Senate
legate
proconsul
Asia
Hadrian
Tenth Legion
Vienna
dona militaria
legate
Hadrian
Jewish War
Germania Inferior
Britannia
Augustan History
Antoninus Pius
Hadrian
Lowland Scotland
Corbridge
Hadrian's Wall
Antonine Wall
British tribes
Scotland
Scottish
Galloway
Second Augusta
Caerleon
Sixth Victrix
York
Twentieth Valeria Victrix
Chester
legionary
auxiliary
Northumberland
Hadrian's Wall
Dere Street
High Rochester
Newstead
Risingham
Chew Green
Inveresk
Carriden
Antonine Wall
Prefect of Rome
Sextus Erucius Clarus
Justin Martyr
Apology
Colin Wells
Berber
Asia
Judaea
Danube
Rhine
Great Britain
Lollia (gens)
Lollius Urbicus

categories: Berber rulers,2nd-century Romans,Roman governors of Britain,Roman governors of Germania Inferior,2nd-century Berber people,Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome,Antonine Wall,Ancient Roman generals

paragraph: Quintus Lollius Urbicus

paragraph: Quintus Lollius Urbicus was a Berber governor of Roman Britain between the years 139 and 142, during the reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius. He is named in the "Historia Augusta", although it is not entirely historical, and his name appears on five Roman inscriptions from Britain; his career is set out in detail on a pair of inscriptions set up in his native Tiddis, near Cirta, Numidia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lollius Urbicus was the son of Marcus Lollius Senecio, who was a Berber Numidian landowner, and his wife Grania Honorata. Professor Edward Champlin included Adventus as a member of "a Cirtan community at Rome" he infers existed there, whose members included: Publius Pactumeius Clemens, consul in 138; Gaius Arrius Antoninus, consul c. 170; and the orator Fronto. Champlin notes that Urbicus, along with Pactumeius Clemens, would later be useful patrons for Fronto at the beginning of the orator's career.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: The early senatorial career of Lollius Urbicus is known from a detailed inscription erected in Tiddis. After a military tribunate with the Twenty-second Legion at Mainz, he entered the Senate and served for a year as legate to the proconsul of Asia. He quickly rose to prominence as emperor Hadrian's candidate, and commanded the Tenth Legion at Vienna. He received "dona militaria", or military decorations, for his service as a legate during Hadrian's Jewish War of 132–135. His consulship can be placed in 135 or 136, after which he governed Germania Inferior. He was transferred to Britannia soon after Hadrian's death.

paragraph: Section::::Governor of Britain.

paragraph: According to the Augustan History, the emperor Antoninus Pius "defeated the Britons through the agency of the legate Lollius Urbicus". It seems that, in a reversal of Hadrianic policy in Britain, he sent Lollius Urbicus to effect the reconquest of Lowland Scotland. Between 139 and 140 Urbicus refurbished the fort at Corbridge, in preparation for the move north of Hadrian's Wall, and commemorative coins were issued in 142 celebrating a victory in Britain. It is therefore likely that Urbicus led the reoccupation of southern Scotland in 141, using all three legions and a variety of auxiliary units. In 143 he oversaw the initial construction of the Antonine Wall; he is explicitly named on building inscriptions from Balmuildy.

paragraph: No historical source describes the Antonine invasion, so any attempted reconstruction will be purely speculative. Urbicus may have campaigned against several British tribes (possibly including factions of the northern Brigantes), certainly against the lowland tribes of Scotland; the Votadini and the Selgovae of the Scottish Borders region, also the Damnonii of Strathclyde and the Novantae of Dumfries and Galloway. All three of the legions of Britain would have taken part (the Second Augusta based at Caerleon, the Sixth Victrix based at York and the Twentieth Valeria Victrix based at Chester), as they are all mentioned on the inscriptions recording building work undertaken along the Antonine Wall. This legionary core was, no doubt, backed up by a substantial contingent of auxiliary units, of which we have record of around nine regiments (e.g. RIB 1276, 2140, 2142, 2149, 2155, 3509).

paragraph: It seems likely that Urbicus planned his campaign of attack from Corbridge in Northumberland, just to the rear of Hadrian's Wall, as dedicatory inscriptions positively dated to the early 140s have been uncovered at the Antonine storage-depot there. From here he drove north-north-west into the Scottish Borders along the Agricolan military road Dere Street, leaving garrison forts at High Rochester in Northumberland and possibly also at Newstead in the Borders, as he struck towards the Firth of Forth. Both of these sites, as well as similar military installations at Risingham, Chew Green, Cappuck and Inveresk, were very likely used as bases from which to police the lowland tribes--"viz.", the Votadini to the east and the Selgovae to the west.

paragraph: Having secured an overland supply route for military personnel and equipment along Dere Street, Urbicus very likely set up a supply port at Carriden for the supply of grain and other foodstuffs before proceeding against the Dumnonii tribe in South Strathclyde. This done, then came the task of completing a new barrier of turf and timber stretching for thirty-five miles from east to west across the narrow neck of land separating the mighty Rivers Forth and Clyde, nowadays known as the Antonine Wall.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Urbicus returned to Rome with the prospect of the prestigious post of "praefectus urbi" (Prefect of Rome), which he probably held in AD 146, after the death of the incumbent, Sextus Erucius Clarus. He was perhaps the "praefectus urbi" who is known to have died in AD 160.

paragraph: One recorded activity of Urbicus while "praefectus urbi" was his presiding at the trial of one Ptolemaeus, who had been accused by her ex-husband of being a Christian; she admitted to the prefect that she was indeed a Christian and was sentenced to death. This trial led Justin Martyr, who had converted her, to write his "Apology" to plead for her life.

paragraph: Citing Urbicus' career inscription, Colin Wells concludes that: "At no other period of history could the second or third son of a Berber landowner from a very small town in the interior enjoy a career which took him to Asia, Judaea, the Danube . . . the lower Rhine and Great Britain, culminating in a position of great power and honor in the capital of the empire to which all these regions belonged."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lollia (gens)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A.R. Birley, "The Roman Government of Britain", Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 112–115 .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lollius Urbicus

wikidata_label: Quintus Lollius Urbicus

wikipedia_title: Quintus Lollius Urbicus


text:
Irish
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
Andaman Islands
Dublin
private
The South Wales Borderers
British Army
Andaman Islands Expedition
Little Andaman
India
Bay of Bengal
David Bell
James Cooper
Campbell Mellis Douglas
William Griffiths
Philadelphia
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Ireland's VCs
Monuments to Courage
Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross

categories: Irish soldiers in the British Army,19th-century Irish people,1839 births,South Wales Borderers soldiers,Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from Dublin (city),Military personnel from Philadelphia,Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923),1900 deaths

paragraph: Thomas Murphy (VC)

paragraph: Thomas Murphy VC (1839 – 23 March 1900) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: The Cross was awarded not for bravery in action against the enemy, but for bravery at sea in saving life in a storm off Andaman Islands. Born in Dublin, he was about 28 years old and a private in the 2nd Battalion, 24th Regiment of Foot (later The South Wales Borderers), British Army during the Andaman Islands Expedition when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: On 7 May 1867 at the island of Little Andaman, eastern India, in the Bay of Bengal, Private Murphy was one of a party of five (David Bell, James Cooper, Campbell Mellis Douglas and William Griffiths) of the 2/24th Regiment, who risked their lives in manning a boat and proceeding through dangerous surf to rescue some of their comrades who had been sent to the island to find out the fate of the commander and seven of the crew, who had landed from the ship "Assam Valley " and were feared murdered by the cannibalistic islanders.

paragraph: The citation was gazetted on 17 December 1867:

paragraph: THE Queen has been graciously pleased to signify Her intention to confer the decoration of the Victoria Cross on the undermentioned Officer and Private Soldiers of Her Majesty's Army, whose claims to the same have been submitted for Her Majesty's approval, for their gallant conduct at the Little Andaman Island, as recorded against their names, viz. :—

paragraph: 2nd Battalion, 24th Regiment: Assistant-Surgeon Campbell Millis Douglas, M.D, Private Thomas Murphy, Private James Cooper, Private David Bell, Private William Griffiths.

paragraph: For the very gallant and daring manner in which, on the 7th of May, 1867, they risked their lives in manning a boat and proceeding through a dangerous surf to the rescue of some of their comrades, who formed part of an expedition which had been sent to the Island of Little Andaman, by order of the Chief Commissioner of British Burmah, with the view of ascertaining the fate of the Commander and seven of the crew of the ship " Assam Valley," who had landed there, and were supposed to have been murdered by the

paragraph: natives.

paragraph: The officer who commanded the troops on the occasion reports : About an hour later in the day Dr. Douglas, 2nd Battalion, 24th

paragraph: ."Regiment, and the four Privates referred" to, gallantly manning the second gig, made their way through the surf almost to the shore, but finding their boat was half filled with water, they retired. A second attempt made by Dr. Douglas and party proved successful, five of us being safely passed through the surf to the boats outside. A third and last trip got the whole of the party left on shore safe to the boats. It is stated that Dr. Douglas accomplished these trips through the surf to the shore by no ordinary exertion. He stood in the bows of the boat, and worked her in an intrepid and seamanlike manner, cool to a degree, as

paragraph: if what he was then doing was an ordinary act of every-day life. The four Privates behaved in an equally cool and collected manner, rowing through the roughest surf when the slightest hesitation or want of pluck on the part of any one of them would have been

paragraph: attended by the gravest results. It is reported that seventeen officers and men were thus saved from what must otherwise have been a fearful risk, if not certainty of death.

paragraph: Murphy died in Philadelphia, USA.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (1981, 1988 and 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ireland's VCs" (Dept of Economic Development, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monuments to Courage" (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross" (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Thomas Murphy

wikipedia_title: Thomas Murphy (VC)


text:
VC
Cahir
County Tipperary
Ireland
Darlington
County Durham
England
Irish
Victoria Cross (VC)
British
Commonwealth
Cahir
County Tipperary
17th Lancers
Cork
Crimean War
Charge of the Light Brigade
16th Lancers
Portobello Barracks, Dublin
Ismid
Turkey
Indian Mutiny
India
Battalion
Military Train
Royal Army Service Corps
Royal Logistic Corps
Curragh Camp
Calypso
Dublin
Woolwich
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Calcutta
Indian Mutiny
Lucknow
Azimghur Field Force
Azimgurh
India
Samuel Morley
Queen Victoria
Victoria Cross
Windsor Castle
Invalid Depot
Great Yarmouth
Aldershot
Woolwich
Canada
Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Farrier-Major
7th Hussars
Aldershot
Hounslow
Wimbledon
Maidstone
Norwich
9th Lancers
Bombay
5th Lancers
Colchester
Bellingham, Northumberland
Scotswood
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Murton, County Durham
Heworth
Darlington
Winterton Asylum
Sedgefield
Blackwell Grange estate
Sir Henry Havelock-Allan
pneumonia
Aldershot
Royal Logistic Corps
Princess Royal Barracks, Deepcut
Surrey
Royal Logistic Corps Museum
British Legion
Hoddesdon
Hertfordshire
Battle of Isandlwana
Tel-el-Kebir
Durham Light Infantry
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Ireland's VCs
Monuments to Courage
Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross
Location of grave and VC medal
RLC Museum, Deepcut, Surrey

categories: Irish soldiers in the British Army,1893 deaths,Victoria Cross forfeitures,1830s births,17th Lancers soldiers,People from Cahir,Deaths from pneumonia,19th-century Irish people,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,Royal Army Service Corps soldiers,5th Royal Irish Lancers soldiers,Infectious disease deaths in England,Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from Darlington,7th Queen's Own Hussars soldiers,9th Queen's Royal Lancers soldiers

paragraph: Michael Murphy (VC)

paragraph: Michael Murphy VC (c. 1837, Cahir, County Tipperary, Ireland – 4 April 1893, Darlington, County Durham, England) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Murphy was born in Cahir, County Tipperary to Michael Murphy, a local blacksmith, and his (unknown) wife. He had at least one sibling, a younger sister named Mary. Little is known about his early life until 1855, when he started his army career.

paragraph: Section::::Army career.

paragraph: Section::::Army career.:Early career.

paragraph: On 27 August 1855, Murphy enlisted in the 17th Lancers at Cork. The 17th Lancers, however, were still at the Crimean War, having lost most of their complement in the Charge of the Light Brigade in the previous year. As a result, Murphy started his training with the 16th Lancers at the Portobello Barracks, Dublin.

paragraph: On 22 May 1856, Murphy attached to the 17th Lancers, who were now en route from the Crimea, via Ismid in Turkey, to help contain the early stages of the Indian Mutiny. It seems he intended to catch up with his regiment in India. Something must have affected this plan, since on 18 October 1856, he joined the 2nd Battalion Military Train (later the Royal Army Service Corps and nowadays the Royal Logistic Corps) instead. In March 1857, Murphy left the Curragh Camp and boarded the steamer "Calypso" at Dublin bound for Woolwich. On 28 April, he embarked for Hong Kong. On reaching Indonesia, the battalion was diverted to Calcutta on news of the Indian Mutiny. They arrived in Calcutta on 27 August, and after a series of moves were deployed to relieve Lucknow. The battalion was subsumed into the Azimghur Field Force on 29 March 1858.

paragraph: Section::::Army career.:Victoria Cross.

paragraph: On 15 April 1858, Murphy was in position at Nathupur, near Azimgurh, in north-east India. During the fighting, Murphy and Private Samuel Morley were severely wounded while defending an injured comrade, Lieutenant Hamilton, adjutant of the 3rd Sikh Cavalry. Hamilton died from his injuries the next evening, but for his actions Murphy was awarded the Victoria Cross:

paragraph: Queen Victoria presented Michael Murphy with his Victoria Cross at the Quadrangle, Windsor Castle on 4 January 1860. Recognition for Morley did not come until later.

paragraph: Section::::Army career.:Return to the UK.

paragraph: After his injuries at Nathupur, Murphy was invalided to Calcutta and returned to the United Kingdom and the Invalid Depot, Great Yarmouth. On 14 May 1859, he resumed his duties at the Depot, at Aldershot and returned to the 2nd Battalion on 1 October 1859. On 7 April 1860, he married at Aldershot and his new wife and two children joined him in establishment accommodation the same day. Murphy was soon promoted to Farrier Sergeant, and moved to Woolwich. In January 1862, Murphy was attached to the 1st Battalion and served 5 months in Canada, returning on 14 June 1862 to Woolwich and then onto Aldershot. On 21 March 1865, Murphy transferred to the 6th Battalion and moved to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. On 6 September of the following year, Murphy rejoined the Military Train at the Curragh in Ireland. By 1868, he was back at Woolwich with his wife and two children. By the time the Military Train became the Army Service Corps in 1869, Murphy had achieved the rank of Farrier-Major and was stationed in Aldershot. On 1 July 1871, Murphy transferred from the Army Service Corps to the 7th Hussars.

paragraph: Section::::Army career.:Forfeiture.

paragraph: On 26 January 1872, a civilian, James Green, was stopped by Farrier-Major Knott at Aldershot with a wagon containing sacks of oats and hay. Green stated that Murphy had given him permission to remove these goods. Murphy and Green were then arrested for the theft of these goods. At the trial at Winchester, Green was acquitted and released, but Murphy was convicted and sentenced to nine months' hard labour at the House of Correction for the county of Hampshire. On 5 March, an order was issued for the forfeit of Murphy's VC. Murphy was one of only their Victoria Crosses. Although Murphy had worn his Victoria Cross every day during his trial, the medal could not be found after the forfeiture order. His wife Mary and their child had disappeared from their Army establishment accommodation. After Murphy was released from prison on 30 November 1872, he returned to his regiment at Hounslow. His wife and children returned to Army establishment in December 1873.

paragraph: His medal re-appeared 26 years later.

paragraph: Section::::Army career.:Later career and discharge.

paragraph: During 1873, Murphy's battalion moved to Wimbledon and then Maidstone. Murphy was in hospital and did not move with his battalion when it moved to Norwich in June 1874. On 7 December 1874, Murphy was transferred to the 9th Lancers. In January 1875, the 9th Lancers were sent to Bombay, but Murphy reattached to the 5th Lancers returning from India.

paragraph: On 1 February 1875, after almost 20 years army service, Murphy was discharged at Colchester.

paragraph: Immediately following his army discharge, Murphy took up residence in Bellingham, Northumberland. From Bellingham, he moved by early 1876 to become a blacksmith at Scotswood, Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland. then by mid-1878 to Murton, County Durham, and, by 1881, back to Heworth, Northumberland.

paragraph: During the 1880s, Murphy's children appear to have left home. In 1889, while staying at Wilton Lodge, Darlington, Murphy's wife was admitted to Winterton Asylum, Sedgefield, where she later died on 3 March 1900. By 1891, Murphy had moved on his own to a cottage on the Blackwell Grange estate, outside Darlington (owned by a benefactor, Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, another Victoria Cross recipient). Murphy later relocated to Darlington to work as a labourer in an ironworks.

paragraph: Murphy died of pneumonia at 22 Vulcan Street, Darlington on 4 April 1893. He was buried in the North Road Municipal Cemetery, Darlington. A gravestone was erected by Sir Henry and comrades from the India campaign. Despite having at least two children still alive but not at home, his sole heir was stated to be his married niece Bridget Mary Anne Dobson, who was caring for, and residing with, him at the end. Murphy's epitaph

paragraph: records that three of his sons were killed in action.

paragraph: Section::::Post-military life and death.:Reappearance of medal.

paragraph: It is not known where the medal was kept between March 1872 and June 1898, nor who held possession. However, five years after Murphy's death, in June 1898, his Victoria Cross medal eventually resurfaced when it was offered by an anonymous seller at auction. It was bought by Master Sergeant Masterman on behalf of the Royal Army Service Corps, at Aldershot. This medal was presented to the RASC, which has since been subsumed into the Royal Logistic Corps, based at the Princess Royal Barracks, Deepcut, Surrey. Murphy's actual medal is now owned by a regimental trust and can be viewed, but only by prior arrangement with the Royal Logistic Corps Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Post-military life and death.:Commemoration.

paragraph: The 150th anniversary of Murphy's VC occurred on 15 April 2008, and was commemorated at his grave in Darlington by the RLC, with the Mayor of Darlington, numerous family members and the British Legion present.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Murphy married Mary Fox (b. cir 1841 Ireland – d. 9 Mar 1900) at the Farnham Register Office, nr Aldershot, on 7 April 1860. One or both of them may have had previous children, or may have been caring for family or army children, since the army records state that they went onto army establishment the very same day with two children or stepchildren, aged 1 yrs and 5 yrs.

paragraph: Subsequently, they had at least three children together:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Edward John Murphy (b. 10 Jan 1864 Aldershot Camp – alive at 1881 census – d. unknown)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. George Frederick William Murphy (b. 15 Dec 1875 Scotswood, Northumberland – d. 1954 Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Mary Ann Murphy (b. 15 May 1878 Murton Colliery, County Durham – alive at 1911 census – d. unknown)

paragraph: These three children—and no others—appear in the civilian records (BMD, census, etc.). Despite this, Murphy's epitaph stated that "Three of his sons died or were killed in Her Majesty's service" before 1893. It is known that his son George died in 1954, and that Mary Ann and her family survived into the 20th century, so his son Edward John Murphy and two further stepsons must have died before 1893. The army records suggest that these deaths may have been:

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Ballard, an alleged stepson of Murphy and a colour-sergeant of the 1st Battalion 24th Regiment of Foot who was killed at the Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879

paragraph: BULLET::::- A sergeant of artillery who was killed at Tel-el-Kebir on 13 September 1882

paragraph: BULLET::::- A corporal of the Durham Light Infantry who died on the Nile in 1885.

paragraph: The exact identity and fate of all his children are not known; nor is the connection to his niece Bridget Dobson.

paragraph: Section::::References and notes.

paragraph: Section::::References and notes.:Army records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "courtesy of" Lieutenant-Colonel D J Owen MBE, Regimental Headquarters, The Royal Logistic Corps

paragraph: Section::::References and notes.:Bibliography.

paragraph: Listed in order of publication year

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ireland's VCs" ( Dept of Economic Development, 1995)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Co. Durham)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- RLC Museum, Deepcut, Surrey

description: Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Michael Murphy

wikipedia_title: Michael Murphy (VC)


text: VC

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: Bray

text: Ireland

text: Grahamstown

text: Salisbury

text: Rhodesia

text: "Cape"

text: Sergeant

text: Frontier Light Horse

text: Zulu War

text: Ulundi

text: South Africa

text: Captain

categories: 19th-century Irish people,Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross,British colonial army soldiers,Anglo-Zulu War recipients of the Victoria Cross,Irish soldiers in the British Army,Year of death missing

paragraph: Edmund O'Toole

paragraph: Edmond Joseph O'Toole VC was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the fourth son of Charles O'Toole of Wilford, Bray, Ireland and brother of Luke O'Toole of Toole and Company, Seed Merchants. He was baptised in Dublin in 1848. It had been previously claimed falsely that he was born at Grahamstown, South Africa, but it has been shown that he was born in Ireland of an Irish family. Several sources report his death as 1891 in Salisbury, Rhodesia but there is a reference to him being a resident of the "Cape" in 1900. and Tanser states the Darter's claim that he died in 1891 is incorrect.

paragraph: He was always known as Pat or Paddy O'Toole. His first name is sometimes spelt as Edmond.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: He was a Sergeant in the Frontier Light Horse, British Colonial forces during the Zulu War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: On 3 July 1879 at Ulundi, Zululand, South Africa, during the retirement of a reconnoitering party, a captain (Lord William Leslie de la Poer Beresford) of the 9th Lancers went to the assistance of Sergeant Fitzmaurice of the 24th Regiment whose horse had fallen and rolled on him. The Zulus were coming up quickly in great numbers, but the officer, with help from Sergeant O'Toole, managed to mount the injured man behind him. He was, however, so dizzy that the sergeant, who had been keeping back the enemy, gave up his carbine and rode alongside to hold him on. They all finally reached safety.

paragraph: Beresford's VC was gazetted on 23 August 1879, it is reported that when he collected his medal from the Queen he told her that "he could not in honour receive the recognition of his services unless it were shared in by Sergeant O’Toole". O'Toole was then gazetted on 10 October 1879.

paragraph: He later achieved the rank of Captain.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Edmund O'Toole VC Research Group 2010

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Edmund O'Toole

wikipedia_title: Edmund O'Toole


text:
VC
Irish
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
private
1st Madras Fusiliers
Royal Dublin Fusiliers
Madras Army
Indian Mutiny
Relief of Lucknow
Peter McManus
Sergeant
killed in action
Cawnpore
National Army Museum
Chelsea
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Ireland's VCs
Monuments to Courage
Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross

categories: People from Kilkenny (city),19th-century Irish people,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from Kanpur,1823 births,Irish soldiers in the British East India Company Army,Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross,1858 deaths,British military personnel killed in the Indian Rebellion of 1857

paragraph: John Ryan (VC 1857)

paragraph: John Ryan VC (1823 – 4 March 1858) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: He was about 34 years old, and a private in the 1st Madras Fusiliers (later The Royal Dublin Fusiliers), Madras Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place at the Relief of Lucknow for which he (and Peter McManus) were awarded the VC:

paragraph: He later achieved the rank of Sergeant and was killed in action at Cawnpore, India, on 4 March 1858.

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is held by the National Army Museum, Chelsea, London.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Listed in order of publication year

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (1981, 1988 and 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ireland's VCs" (Dept of Economic Development 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monuments to Courage" (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross" (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)

description: 1857 Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: John Ryan

wikipedia_title: John Ryan (VC 1857)


text:
troubadour
Gévaudan
France
Albi
Toulouse
Narbonne
Spain
Monge de Montaudon
holy orders
cansos
sirventes
partimen
Eble d'Ussel
Arnaut Daniel
vida
Meyrueis
minstrel
Order of Grandmont
Monge de Montaudon
joglar
courtly love
Almohads
Christendom
Ferdinand II of León
Ferdinand III of Castile
Alfonso II of Aragon
Count of Barcelona
Alfonso IX of León
Alfonso VIII of Castile
victory at Las Navas
Raymond VI of Toulouse
light
irony
Peire Raimon
neumatic
motivic
Albi
Narbonne
misogyny
porter
Marcabru
Riquer, Martín de

categories: 12th-century French composers,French male classical composers,13th-century deaths,French male poets,Medieval poets,12th-century births,Reconquista,13th-century French composers,Troubadours

paragraph: Guilhem Ademar

paragraph: Guilhem Ademar (; also spelled Guillem, Adamar, or Azemar; fl. 1190/1195–1217) was a troubadour from the Gévaudan in France. He travelled between the courts of Albi, Toulouse, Narbonne, and Spain. He achieved fame enough during his life to be satirised by the nobleman and monk, Monge de Montaudon. Guilhem entered holy orders towards the end of his life. Sixteen poems—fourteen "cansos", a "sirventes", and a "partimen" with Eble d'Ussel—form his surviving corpus. His "cansos" are his most famous pieces. Usually humorous, several mock the poetry of Ademar's more illustrious contemporary Arnaut Daniel. One "canso" survives with a tune.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: According to his "vida", Guilhem was the son of a poor knight from Meyrueis ("Maruois"), the lord of which castle created him a knight. He was an eloquent man who "knew well how to invent ("trobaire") poetry." When he was no longer able to support himself as a knight he took to minstrelsy and "was greatly honoured by all the high society." Towards the end of his life he joined the Order of Grandmont ("Granmon").

paragraph: Guilhem Ademar's career can be dated from a reference in a poetic satire of contemporary troubadours by the Monge de Montaudon around 1195. The Monge playfully insults Guilhem as a "bad "joglar"" who always wears old clothes and whose lady has thirty lovers. The earliest reference to a "W. Ademars", a petty noble of the Gévaudan, occurs in 1192, though this figure, who (variously as "Ademars" or "Azemars") appears in documents until 1217, cannot be definitively identified with the troubadour.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: One of Guilhem's more famous pieces is "Non pot esser sofert ni atendut", a sensuous "canso" of courtly love wherein he is wishing that his lady's husband would go far away. It has presented a riddle for its dating through references to two Spanish kings: a "rey Ferrans" ("king Ferdinand") and "reis N'Amfos, cui dopton li masmut / e.l mieiller coms de la crestiantat" ("king Don Alfonso, whom the Almohads fear / and the greatest count in Christendom"). Ferrans may be either Ferdinand II of León (died 1188) or Ferdinand III of Castile (began reigning in 1217), both of whom present difficulties because their reigns lie outside the usual dating of Guilhem's career. The Alfonso could be Alfonso II of Aragon (contemporary with Ferdinand II), who was also the Count of Barcelona. It could also be Alfonso IX of León, Ferdinand II's successor, whose kingdom lay about as far away as Guilhem could possibly hope to send his lover's husband; or Alfonso VIII of Castile, whose exploits against the Almohads culminated in the definitive victory at Las Navas in 1212. Since Guilhem wrote a poem sometime between 1215 and 1217 in which he referred to Raymond VI of Toulouse as "En Raimon, mon seigner" ("Lord Raymond, my lord"), it has also be posited that the "mieiller coms" referred to in the previous work is Raymond, who was with Alfonso at Las Navas in 1212. Guilhem may thus have had in mind the events of Las Navas and been writing at a time after Ferdinand III's succession. Guilhem may have even been at Las Navas with Raymond.

paragraph: Guilhem's poetry is in general light, easy-going, and characterised by irony. Like Peire Raimon, his contemporary at the court of Raymond VI of Toulouse, he seems to have been influenced by (and perhaps had an influence on) Arnaut Daniel. Guilhem's lone surviving piece of music is neumatic in texture and motivic in phrasing.

paragraph: In his primary love songs, Guilhem praises two ladies, one from Albi ("Na Bona Nasques", a pet name) and another from Narbonne ("Beatriz", perhaps her real name). Despite this, Guilhem has been accused of misogyny for his poem "El temps d'estui, qan par la flors el bruoill". His love song "Ben for'oimais sazos e locs" is written as a message to his lover to be delivered by her porter, who is strictly warned to follow through. In his only "sirventes", "Ieu ai ja vista manhta rey", Guilhem moralises in a slightly Marcabrunian fashion on how loyal and generous suitors are rejected in favour "fools and misers".

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aubrey, Elizabeth. "The Music of the Troubadours". Indiana University Press, 1996. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egan, Margarita, ed. and trans. "The Vidas of the Troubadours". New York: Garland, 1984. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Riquer, Martín de. "Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos". 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.

description: Medieval composer

wikidata_label: Guilhem Ademar

wikipedia_title: Guilhem Ademar


text: Fregenal de la Sierra

text: Spanish

text: Badajoz

text: Benito Arias Montano

text: Juan Bravo Murillo

text: Gonzalo Bilbao

text: José Jiménez Aranda

text: Seville

text: Museum of Cádiz

text: Daniel Vázquez Díaz

text: Triana, Seville

text: Francisco Alcantara

text: José Francés

text: Spanish Civil War

text: Fernando Labrada

text: Francisco Prieto Santos

text: Eugenio Hermoso at mec.es

text: Eugenio Hermoso at wanadoo.es

text: Eugenio Hermoso at epdlp.com

text: Eugenio Hermoso at aletia8.com

categories: 1963 deaths,Spanish male painters,1883 births,20th-century Spanish painters

paragraph: Eugenio Hermoso

paragraph: Eugenio Hermoso Martínez (Fregenal de la Sierra, February 26, 1883Madrid, February 2, 1963) was a Spanish painter active in Badajoz. He was a professor of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, and a contemporary of Benito Arias Montano and Juan Bravo Murillo.

paragraph: Hermoso was a student of Gonzalo Bilbao and José Jiménez Aranda in Seville. He moved to Madrid in 1901. In 1904, he won the bronze medal at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts with "La muchacha haciendo media", which was acquired by the Museum of Cádiz. His painting of "some rosy-pink peasant women carrying pumpkins and chickens and seen against the background of a setting sun" won much acclaim. He lived in the same place for several years with Daniel Vázquez Díaz. Together, they had attended classes taught by Jiménez Aranda in Triana, Seville. In 1905, he exhibited "El Colegio e Hijas del terruño" at the Exposición del Círculo de Bellas Artes which was praised by Francisco Alcantara and José Francés and also traveled to Paris and Brussels. In 1912, he exhibited at London.

paragraph: In 1934, he exhibited in Argentina, Chile and Brazil. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), he befriended the painters Fernando Labrada and Francisco Prieto Santos.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugenio Hermoso at mec.es

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugenio Hermoso at wanadoo.es

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugenio Hermoso at epdlp.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugenio Hermoso at aletia8.com

alias:
Eugenio Hermoso Martínez
Eugenio Hermoso Martinez

description: Spanish painter

wikidata_label: Eugenio Hermoso

wikipedia_title: Eugenio Hermoso


text:
Elberfeld, Germany
choral
song
Mendelssohn Glee Club
Oratorio Society of New York
New York Philharmonic
Carnegie Hall
Caliban by the Yellow Sands
Percy MacKaye
New York City College
Lewisohn Stadium
Arthur Farwell
Giuseppe Verdi
Requiem
Polo Grounds
New York Philharmonic Orchestra
Mendelssohn Glee Club
Maria Gay
Giovanni Zenatello
Leon Rothier
Arnaldo Conti
cooking gas

categories: Suicides in New York City,American choral conductors,Male suicides,1922 deaths,American male composers,American male conductors (music),Suicides by gas,American composers,1866 births,Composers who committed suicide

paragraph: Louis Koemmenich

paragraph: Louis Koemmenich (October 4, 1866 – August 14, 1922) was an American composer and conductor who took his own life in 1922.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Elberfeld, Germany on October 4, 1866. He came to the United States in 1890. He was active as a choral conductor, and as a result wrote mainly choral music, although some of his songs are also extant. He conducted the Brooklyn Choral Union, the German Theatre in Philadelphia, the Mendelssohn Glee Club, the Beethoven Society, and the New Choral Society.

paragraph: In 1916 he conducted several performances by the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Philharmonic at Carnegie Hall.

paragraph: He was the conductor of the chorus and orchestra for a huge civic or community masque (with a cast of 1500 amateur performers) entitled "Caliban by the Yellow Sands" by Percy MacKaye which played at the New York City College Stadium (the Lewisohn Stadium) from 23 May to 5 June 1916, for the Shakespeare Tercentenary celebrations. The music was by Arthur Farwell.

paragraph: Koemmenich also conducted an open-air performance of Giuseppe Verdi's "Requiem" at the Polo Grounds, New York City, on 4 June 1916. He conducted an augmented New York Philharmonic Orchestra of 120 players and a chorus of 1,200 singers, selected from leading local choral societies including the Oratorio Society of New York, the Peoples' Choral Union, the Beethoven Society and the Mendelssohn Glee Club. The soloists were Lucile Lawrence, Maria Gay, her partner Giovanni Zenatello and Leon Rothier. Rehearsals had been going on for a month, possibly taken by Arnaldo Conti who was also billed as a conductor; but he seems not to have actually conducted during the performance.

paragraph: In June 1917 two hundred members of the Oratorio Society held a protest meeting in Carnegie Hall because he had not been re-elected as conductor, a position he had held for five years.

paragraph: Koemmenich took his own life with cooking gas on August 14, 1922 at 347 West 91st Street in Manhattan.

description: American composer

wikidata_label: Louis Koemmenich

wikipedia_title: Louis Koemmenich


categories: Foreign ministers of Gabon,Ambassadors of Gabon to the United States,1923 births,1999 deaths

paragraph: Joseph Ngoua

paragraph: Joseph Ngoua (12 May 1923 – August 1999) was Ambassador of Gabon to the U.S. in 1961 and Gabon's foreign minister in 1963 to 1964.

description: Gabonese politician

wikidata_label: Joseph Ngoua

wikipedia_title: Joseph Ngoua


text:
Lutheran Reformation
Regensburg
Köthen
Wittenberg
Melanchthon
Regensburg
Bugenhagen
Interim
Cruciger
Wittenberg
Flacius
adiaphorism
Osiander
Major
Anhalt
Regensburg
Flacius
Melanchthon
Oecolampadius
Crypto-Calvinism
Brenz
Philippism
Jena
Bad Liebenzell

categories: People from Anhalt-Köthen,University of Wittenberg alumni,People from Köthen,1570 deaths,1516 births,German Protestant Reformers,German Lutheran theologians

paragraph: Nicolaus Gallus

paragraph: Nicolaus Gallus (also Hahn) (c. 1516 – June 1570) was leader of the Lutheran Reformation in Regensburg.

paragraph: Gallus was born in Köthen. At Wittenberg, where he became a student in 1530 and received the master's degree in 1537, he won the commendation of Melanchthon. In 1543 Luther sent Hieronymus Nopus as preacher to Regensburg at the request of the city council and with him went Gallus, who was ordained by Bugenhagen in April. In 1548 trouble arose in Regensburg over the acceptance of the Interim. Gallus wrote a treatise

paragraph: against it, and had to leave the city; services in the only Evangelical church there were discontinued. For a time Gallus preached for Cruciger (who was ill) at Wittenberg, then in 1549, through the influence of his brother in law, Heinrich Merkel, city secretary at Magdeburg, he went to the Ulrich Church in that city. He joined Flacius in opposition to the adiaphorism of the Wittenberg circle and published a "Disputation von Mitteldingen" in 1550. He remained in Magdeburg after its capitulation in 1551, and kept up the dispute against Osiander and Major. In June, 1553, Prince Wolfgang of Anhalt called him to his native city to assist in the settlement of the administration of the church property. In August, 1553, Gallus was called back to Regensburg as leader of the Evangelical cause. He worked there for almost seventeen years, and the effects of his activity were felt far beyond the borders of the town. In the disputes of the following years he fought faithfully on the side of Flacius. Like him he tried to influence Melanchthon by letters, but the latter treated Gallus rather haughtily. It probably angered him that Gallus had republished (1554) his "Sententiae veterum de coena Domini", which was directed against Oecolampadius. In 1561 Gallus warned the princes convened at Naumburg of the spreading Calvinistic doctrine of the Lord's Supper (see: Crypto-Calvinism). He also got into a dispute with Brenz, whom he suspected of leanings toward Philippism. From 1562 to 1566 he furnished a refuge to Flacius, who had been expelled from Jena. Melanchthon reproached Gallus for fighting continually against the Evangelicals, instead of combating Romanism. However, during the diet in 1556, Gallus preached against the Roman Catholics, and there are still extant manuscripts containing theses of disputation against the Ingolstadt Catholics. In this connection may be mentioned

paragraph: Gallus' writing directed against Corpus Christi day: "Vom abgöttischen Fest, Frohnleichnams-Tag genannt" (1561).

paragraph: He died in Bad Liebenzell.

description: German theologian

wikidata_label: Nicolaus Gallus

wikipedia_title: Nicolaus Gallus


text: Haarlem

text: Leiden

text: Dutch

text: mathematician

text: integral

text: Leiden University

text: Frans van Schooten

text: Johannes Hudde

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: Saumur

text: physician

text: Hendrik van Heuraet

categories: People from Haarlem,Leiden University alumni,1660s deaths,1634 births,Dutch mathematicians

paragraph: Hendrik van Heuraet

paragraph: Hendrik van Heuraet (1633, Haarlem - 1660?, Leiden) was a Dutch mathematician also known as Henrici van Heuraet. He is noted as one of the founders of the integral, and author of "Epistola de Transmutatione Curvarum Linearum in Rectus" ["On the Transformation of Curves into Straight Lines"] (1659). From 1653 he studied at Leiden University where he interacted with Frans van Schooten, Johannes Hudde, and Christiaan Huygens. In 1658 he and Hudde left for Saumur in France. He returned to Leiden the next year as a physician. After this his trail is lost.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geometria, à Renato Des Cartes Anno 1637" (1683) with "Epistola de Transmutatione Curvarum Linearum in Rectus", p.517, @GoogleBooks.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hendrik van Heuraet at Turnbull WWW server

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text with slightly more info on his life (Dutch)

description: Dutch mathematician

wikidata_label: Hendrik van Heuraet

wikipedia_title: Hendrik van Heuraet


text:
Canadian
rower
1912 Summer Olympics
World War I
World War II

categories: Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics,1885 births,Olympic medalists in rowing,Olympic bronze medalists for Canada,Rowers at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Canadian male rowers,Olympic rowers of Canada,1958 deaths

paragraph: Everard Butler

paragraph: Everard Burnside Butler (December 28, 1885 – November 23, 1958) was a Canadian rower who won a bronze medal in the single sculls at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: Butler started training in rowing in 1908, and next year won his first junior race. By 1910 he rowed as a senior in the United States and Canada, and in 1911 won two US national titles, in the single sculls and quarter-mile dash. He defended those titles in 1912, and won the quarter-mile dash again in 1914. Butler fought in World War I with the 12th Artillery Brigade, and suffered extensive injuries in a mustard gas attack in France. Consequently, after the war he retired from major rowing competitions and worked as an accountant. He returned to the army during World War II and served with the 48th Highlanders and Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps.

description: Canadian rower

wikidata_label: Everard Butler

wikipedia_title: Everard Butler


text:
Essen
Rhine Province
Kljasticy
Russia
German
sculptor
documenta 1
Prussian Academy of Arts
Villa Massimo
documenta 1
Kassel
Dauerleihgabe
Penelope Curtis

categories: 1942 deaths,German military personnel killed in World War II,People from Essen,1905 births,20th-century German sculptors,People from the Rhine Province,German male sculptors

paragraph: Hermann Blumenthal

paragraph: Hermann Blumenthal (31 December 1905, Essen, Rhine Province – 17 August 1942, near Kljasticy, Russia) was a German sculptor. He was a participating artist in the documenta 1.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929: Preis der Stadt Köln anlässlich einer Ausstellung des Deutschen Künstlerbundes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930: Großer Staatspreis of the Prussian Academy of Arts, verbunden mit einem Studienaufenthalt in der Villa Massimo, Rom

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935: Stipendium des Reichserziehungsministeriums, Studienaufenthalt in Kassel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936: Rom-Stipendium des Reichserziehungsministeriums, Studienaufenthalt in der Villa Massimo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937: Villa-Romana-Stipendium, Studienaufenthalt in Florenz

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939: Cornelius-Preis for Monumentalplastik der Stadt Düsseldorf

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955: Posthum Teilnehmer der documenta 1, Kassel

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929/39: Schreitender auf rechteckiger Platte, Bronze, H: 152 cm. Niedersächsischer Landtag, Hannover

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930: Kniender (Spinne), Bronze, H: 103 cm. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Nationalgalerie

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931/32: Kriechender (Adam), Bronze, H: 81 cm. Georg-Kolbe-Museum Berlin (Dauerleihgabe Nachlass Blumenthal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934: Acht Reliefentwürfe for the Museum Folkwang, Essen, Bronze/Gips, 58 x 40 cm. Georg-Kolbe-Museum Berlin (Dauerleihgabe Nachlass Blumenthal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935: Porträt Ludwig Kasper, Steinguss, H: 33 cm. Georg-Kolbe-Museum Berlin (Dauerleihgabe Nachlass Blumenthal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935/36: Großer Schreitender, Bronze, H: 180 cm. Hamburger Kunsthalle

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936: Sitzender aufschauend (Sterngucker), Bronze, H: 28 cm. Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen München

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936/37: Großer Stehender (Römischer Mann), Steinguss, H: 202 cm. Georg-Kolbe-Museum Berlin (Dauerleihgabe Nachlass Blumenthal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937: Großer Kniender (Florentiner Mann), Bronze, H: 150 cm. Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Hamburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938: Zwei Reliefs für Brunnenstele: Jüngling mit Ölzweig; Zwei Frauen, Stein, 225 x 125. Ruhland (Lausitz), BASF Schwarzheide

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Der Bildhauer Hermann Blumenthal. Mit einem Vorwort von Christian Adolf Isermeyer, Berlin 1947

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner Haftmann: Der Bildhauer Hermann Blumenthal, in: "Zeitschrift für Kunst" 1949, H. 4, S. 274-277.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hermann Blumenthal 1905 - 1942, Ausst.Kat. Gerhard Marcks-Stiftung, Bremen 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hermann Blumenthal, Ausst.Kat. Galerie Pels-Leusden Berlin, Graphisches Kabinett Kunsthandel Wolfgang Werner Bremen, Galerie Vömel Düsseldorf, Berlin 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Adolf Isermeyer: "Hermann Blumenthal. Das plastische Werk", Stuttgart 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ateliergemeinschaft Klosterstraße 1933–1945. Künstler in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus, Ausst.Kat. Akademie der Künste, Berlin 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penelope Curtis (ed.): "Taking Positions. Figurative Sculpture and the Third Reich". Ausst.Kat. Henry Moore Institute Leeds, Georg-Kolbe-Museum Berlin, Gerhard-Marcks-Haus Bremen, Leeds 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josephine Gabler (Hg.): Sterngucker. Hermann Blumenthal und seine Zeit, Ausst.Kat. Georg-Kolbe-Museum, Berlin 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hermann Blumenthal 1905-1942. Zeichnung Skulptur, Kunsthandel Wolfgang Werner, Bremen 2006

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.meaus.com/blumenthal-hermann.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.artfacts.net/index.php/pageType/artistInfo/artist/22739

description: German sculptor

wikidata_label: Hermann Blumenthal

wikipedia_title: Hermann Blumenthal


text:
American football
running back
college football
Clemson
All-American
Buffalo Bills
2010 NFL Draft
New Orleans Saints
Seattle Seahawks
New York Jets
Kansas City Chiefs
Lake Butler, Florida
Union County High School (Florida)
Kevin Alexander
U.S. Army All-American Bowl
Rivals.com
Parade
All-America
Clemson University
Clemson Tigers football
James Davis
Boston College
Will Proctor
Florida State
North Carolina
Louisiana Tech
Wake Forest
Georgia Tech
Music City Bowl
Kentucky Wildcats
Furman
Georgia Tech
South Carolina
Auburn
Chick-fil-A Bowl
their 2008 season
Alabama Crimson Tide
Chick-fil-A College Kickoff
The Citadel
Virginia
Florida State Seminoles
Jacoby Ford
Marshall Faulk
Darnay Scott
Doak Walker Award
Heisman Trophy
Atlantic Coast Conference
All-American
North Carolina State
Georgia Tech
2009 All-American – Football
ACC Championship Game
2009 ACC Offensive Player of the Year
2009 ACC Player of the Year
2009 NFL Draft
2010 NFL Draft
Buffalo Bills
Banks McFadden
1940 NFL Draft
Gaines Adams
2007 NFL Draft
Rogers Centre
Toronto, Ontario
Indianapolis Colts
Marshawn Lynch
Seattle Seahawks
Miami Dolphins
New England Patriots
Ryan Fitzpatrick
Ryan Mathews
Jahvid Best
Toby Gerhart
Leodis McKelvin
Fred Jackson
Denver Broncos
Fred Jackson
Seattle Seahawks
Chicago Bears
Beattie Feathers
Baltimore Ravens
Ray Rice
murder–suicide
Miami Dolphins
collarbone
Minnesota Vikings
Fred Jackson
Anthony Dixon
Bryce Brown
New Orleans Saints
Dallas Cowboys
quarterback
Drew Brees
New York Giants
Oakland Raiders
Travaris Cadet
Daniel Lasco
Seattle Seahawks
New York Jets
Kansas City Chiefs
Seattle Seahawks bio
New Orleans Saints bio
Clemson Tigers bio

categories: 1987 births,Living people,Seattle Seahawks players,Players of American football from Florida,Clemson Tigers football players,All-American college football players,Clemson Tigers men's track and field athletes,Buffalo Bills players,New York Jets players,People from Lake Butler, Florida,American football running backs,New Orleans Saints players,American Conference Pro Bowl players

paragraph: C. J. Spiller

paragraph: Clifford "C. J." Spiller Jr. (born August 5, 1987) is a former American football running back. He played college football for Clemson and was recognized as a unanimous All-American. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills with the ninth overall pick in the 2010 NFL Draft. He has also played for the New Orleans Saints, Seattle Seahawks, New York Jets and Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Spiller was born in Lake Butler, Florida. He attended Union County High School (Florida) in Lake Butler, where he excelled at track, as well as football. At Union County High School, Spiller played along fellow Clemson teammate, Kevin Alexander. During his senior year at Union County, he rushed for 1,840–yards on 176 carries for 30 touchdowns. He also had fifteen receptions for 249 yards.

paragraph: In his high school career, Spiller rushed for 5,511 yards on 541 carries.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.:High school honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selected to play in 2006 U.S. Army All-American Bowl

paragraph: BULLET::::- #1 player in Florida, #1 all-purpose running back, and #9 overall player by Rivals.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- First-team "Parade" magazine All-American

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florida 2A state 100 and 200–meter champion

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Spiller received an athletic scholarship to attend Clemson University, where he played for the Clemson Tigers football team from 2006 to 2009.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Freshman year.

paragraph: As a true freshman, Spiller immediately made himself known to the Clemson fans. In the season, he rushed for 938 yards and ten touchdowns on 129 rushes, despite being the second-team running back behind James Davis. He scored his first collegiate touchdown in a 34–33 overtime loss to Boston College on an 82–yard touchdown reception from quarterback Will Proctor. After struggling versus Florida State the following week, Spiller turned it around against North Carolina by rushing for fifty-eight yards and two touchdowns in a 52–7 rout of the Tarheels. In the following weeks, Spiller had two triple-digit rushing games as the Tigers defeated Louisiana Tech and Wake Forest. Against Louisiana Tech, he rushed for 127–yards and two touchdowns on eleven attempts, in a 51–0 rout of the Bulldogs, in which the entire Clemson team rushed for 393 yards. In a Gameday-featured game vs. 13th ranked Georgia Tech, Spiller rushed for 116 yards, including a 50-yard touchdown run, as well as catching a 50-yard swing pass touchdown en route to the Tigers 31-7 win. Clemson finished the season with an 8–5 overall record, losing four of their final five games, including a 31-28 loss to archrival South Carolina, and ended the season in a 28–20 Music City Bowl loss to the Kentucky Wildcats. Spiller rushed for only twenty-four yards on five attempts in the loss.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Sophomore year.

paragraph: In his second season for the Tigers, Spiller had a less productive rushing season with only 768 yards and three touchdowns. He did, however, gain more receiving yards, with 271–yards and two additional touchdowns. In the opening three games of the season, Spiller rushed for only eighty-five yards, including a career-worst –1–yards in a 38–10 victory over Furman. In a 13–3 loss, he was again stopped by the Georgia Tech defense, rushing for only two yards. His best statistical game came against rivals South Carolina, which Clemson won 23–21. Spiller ran for a team-high 122 yards on twenty-three attempts in the victory. In the team's bowl game, he rushed for 112–yards on eight attempts, including one touchdown, in a 23–20 loss to Auburn in the Chick-fil-A Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Junior year.

paragraph: With Spiller and fellow running back James Davis, the Clemson Tigers were favored to win the opening game of their 2008 season against the Alabama Crimson Tide in the Chick-fil-A College Kickoff. However, a stingy Alabama defense held Spiller to just seven yards on two attempts. He did score though, on a kickoff return for a touchdown. In his second game, however, he rushed for seventy-five yards on six carries, which included three touchdowns in a 45–17 victory over The Citadel. Against Virginia later that year, Spiller threw his first career touchdown on a trick play. On January 15, 2009, he announced that he would remain for his senior year at Clemson instead of entering the 2009 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Senior year.

paragraph: In the Tigers' 40–24 victory over the Florida State Seminoles on November 7, 2009, Spiller and Jacoby Ford became the leading all-purpose duo in NCAA history (a record previously held by Marshall Faulk and Darnay Scott of San Diego State).

paragraph: On November 28, 2009, Spiller set the FBS record for kickoff return touchdowns with seven during his career. He also earned his spot in the record books in another way on that kickoff return, by being one of five players to ever gain 7,000 all-purpose yards. Spiller was one of the three finalists for the 2009 Doak Walker Award, and placed sixth in the voting for the Heisman Trophy.

paragraph: Spiller was selected for the All-Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) first team, and was voted the ACC Player of the Year by the members of the Atlantic Coast Sports Media Association. He was also recognized as a unanimous first-team All-American. He was the nation's only player that season to account for touchdowns five different ways—rushing, passing, receiving, and on kick and punt returns—and had passing, rushing and receiving touchdowns in one game, a victory against North Carolina State, a first for a player in Clemson history. He returned four kickoffs and a punt for scores that year and had eight total returns for touchdowns during his career. He scored at least once in every game that season while leading Clemson to the Atlantic Division title and a spot in the league title game against Georgia Tech. Spiller led the ACC with an average of nearly 184 all-purpose yards and was the league's fourth-leading rusher, averaging 76 yards.

paragraph: Spiller graduated from Clemson in December 2009, becoming the first person in his family to receive a four-year college degree. Also, Clemson retired his No. 28 in recognition of his college career.

paragraph: Spiller was the only player in the FBS to score a touchdown in every game in the 2009 season.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:College awards and highlights.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 High School All-American (Parade)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 High School All-American (USA Today)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 All-ACC Football (RB)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 All-American – Outdoor Track & Field (4 × 100 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 All-ACC Outdoor Track Selection (100m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 All-ACC Indoor Track Selection (60m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 All-American – Indoor Track & Field (60m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 All-ACC Football (RB & ST)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 All-American – Outdoor Track & Field (4 × 100 m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 All-ACC Outdoor Track Selection (100m)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 All-ACC Football (RB & KR)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 All-American – Football (unanimous)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 ACC Championship Game MVP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 ACC Offensive Player of the Year

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 ACC Player of the Year

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 #28 retired at Clemson in Spiller's honor

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Despite being projected as a first-round pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, Spiller decided to return for his senior season in January 2009. He was projected as a first-round draft choice in the 2010 NFL Draft and was listed as the No. 1 running back of the 2010 class by ESPN.

paragraph: Spiller was selected 9th overall in the 2010 NFL Draft by the Buffalo Bills. He was the highest drafted Clemson player since Banks McFadden (1940 NFL Draft) and Gaines Adams (2007 NFL Draft), both of whom went fourth overall. On August 6, 2010 Spiller signed a five-year $25 million deal ($20.8M guaranteed).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.:2010 season.

paragraph: On August 19, 2010, Spiller rushed 31 yards for his first NFL touchdown in week two of the preseason at the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada against the Indianapolis Colts.

paragraph: Spiller finished the 2010 preseason with 26 carries for 122 yards (4.69 average per carry) and three touchdowns. He also caught three passes for 35 yards. Spiller was named the #1 running back on Buffalo's final depth chart, ahead of the recently injured Marshawn Lynch and Fred Jackson. Lynch was later traded to the Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: On September 12, 2010, Spiller played in his first career NFL game in a home loss against the Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: Spiller was named Special Teams player of the week for September 26, 2010 for a 95-yard touchdown return against the New England Patriots. Spiller also had a touchdown off a pass by Ryan Fitzpatrick. However, his rookie season was marked with disappointment as he scored no rushing touchdowns and accumulated fewer yards than running backs taken after him in the draft, including Ryan Mathews, Jahvid Best, and Toby Gerhart. For his rookie year in 2010, Spiller produced 283 rushing yards, 157 receiving yards, and 1189 return yards on 56 kickoff and punt return opportunities in 14 games (1 start).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.:2011 season.

paragraph: In 2011, it was announced that Spiller would trade numbers with Leodis McKelvin, receiving the number 28 in exchange for the number 21. Spiller wore number 28 at Clemson. Heading into Week 12, Spiller hadn't gotten as much action as the Bills were planning on because of the Pro Bowl caliber season that Fred Jackson was having, but Jackson was then placed on injured reserve, meaning Spiller would finally get his opportunity and become the Bills' starting running back for the rest of the season. In a Week 16 home game against the Denver Broncos on December 24, 2011, Spiller had the first 100-yard rushing game of his NFL career, rushing 16 times for 111 yards and a touchdown in a 40-14 win for the Bills. Spiller finished the year with 561 yards on 107 carries, with 4 rushing touchdowns and a 5.2 yards/carry average. He also recorded 39 receptions for 269 yards and 2 touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.:2012 season.

paragraph: With Fred Jackson once again missing time due to injuries, Spiller took advantage of the opportunity to have a career year. In Week 15 against the Seattle Seahawks, Spiller reached the 1,000 yards rushing mark for the first time in his NFL career. He also only needed 154 carries to reach the mark - the fewest carries to 1,000 yards since Chicago Bears running back Beattie Feathers in 1934. Spiller rushed for 1,244 yards on only 207 carries and scored 6 touchdowns; his (6.009) yards per carry average (YPC) was second to Adrian Peterson's (6.025). He also caught 43 passes for 459 yards with two receiving touchdowns. Spiller was also elected to be in the Pro Bowl as an alternate for Baltimore Ravens running back Ray Rice, who participated in the Super Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.:2013 season.

paragraph: On August 27, 2013, Spiller took temporary leave from active status with the Bills to be with his family after the murder–suicide by his step-grandfather Hubert Allen, Jr. In 2013, Spiller rushed for 933 yards with 185 receiving yards in 15 games (10 starts).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.:2014 season.

paragraph: In Week 2 against the Miami Dolphins, Spiller returned a kickoff for a touchdown going 102 yards. For his efforts beyond that, Spiller was named the AFC Special Teams Player of the Week. On October 19, Spiller broke his collarbone against the Minnesota Vikings. He was placed on injured reserve/designated to return on October 21, 2014. He returned to action against the Raiders in Week 15.

paragraph: The 2014 season was a tumultuous year for the Bills' running backs, aside from Spiller's injury. Fellow running back Fred Jackson was also injured, leaving newly signed backs Anthony Dixon and Bryce Brown as the only healthy running backs for much of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New Orleans Saints.

paragraph: On March 13, 2015, Spiller signed a four-year, $18 million contract with the New Orleans Saints. The deal included $9 million guaranteed. In a Week 4 game against the Dallas Cowboys, Spiller caught an 80-yard touchdown pass in overtime to win. It was Saints quarterback Drew Brees' 400th career touchdown pass. In Week 8 against the New York Giants, Spiller caught Brees' seventh touchdown pass of the game.

paragraph: Spiller was a healthy scratch for their season opener in 2016 against the Oakland Raiders because fellow running backs Travaris Cadet and Daniel Lasco were playing bigger roles, according to coach Sean Payton. On September 13, 2016, Spiller was released.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: On September 28, 2016, Spiller was signed by the Seattle Seahawks. He was released by the Seahawks on October 26, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Jets.

paragraph: On November 2, 2016, Spiller signed with the New York Jets. He was released by the team on December 6, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: On February 24, 2017, Spiller signed a one-year $980,000 contract with the Kansas City Chiefs. Throughout the 2017 season, Spiller was subject to multiple transactions causing him to be cut and signed multiple times, most recently being signed for the fifth time on January 2, 2018, the Chiefs ninth transaction in less than a year involving Spiller.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seattle Seahawks bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Orleans Saints bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clemson Tigers bio

description: All-American college football player, professional football player, running back

wikidata_label: C. J. Spiller

wikipedia_title: C. J. Spiller


text: Major League Baseball

text: pitcher

text: World Series

text: Final Four

text: Kenny Lofton

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: Chicago Cubs

text: San Diego Padres

text: New York Yankees

text: Cleveland Indians

text: North Central College

text: East Chicago, Indiana

text: Washington High School

text: basketball

text: Indiana

text: Pete Trgovich

text: UCLA

text: Junior Bridgeman

text: Louisville

text: NBA

text: North Carolina State University

text: Sammy Esposito

text: Norm Sloan

text: NCAA Basketball Champions

text: Basketball Hall-of-Famer

text: David Thompson

text: Bill Walton

text: Marquette University

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Knoxville Sox

text: Iowa Oaks

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: Charlotte O's

text: Rochester Red Wings

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: saving

text: earned run average

text: innings pitched

text: American League

text: Pittsburgh Pirates

text: World Series

text: designated hitter

text: Don Aase

text: Tippy Martinez

text: 1983 World Series

text: Philadelphia Phillies

text: championship ring

text: World Series

text: Oakland Athletics

text: third baseman

text: Wayne Gross

text: spring training

text: Chicago Cubs

text: National League East

text: 1945 World Series

text: San Diego Padres

text: National League Championship Series

text: free agent

text: Rafael Palmeiro

text: New York Yankees

text: Ed Whitson

text: Billy Martin

text: Dave Righetti

text: California Angels

text: Jack Howell

text: Rookie of the Year

text: Tom Hanks

text: North Central College

text: Naperville, Illinois

text: Northwestern University

text: Mike Koplove

text: J.A. Happ

text: Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame

text: Retrosheet

text: SABR Biography Project

categories: Cleveland Indians players,Charlotte O's players,Sportspeople from East Chicago, Indiana,Rochester Red Wings players,1953 births,Chicago White Sox players,Knoxville Sox players,NC State Wolfpack baseball players,Baseball players from Indiana,New York Yankees players,Chicago Cubs players,Basketball players at the 1974 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four,Canton-Akron Indians players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Northwestern Wildcats baseball coaches,Iowa Oaks players,American men's basketball players,San Diego Padres players,Baltimore Orioles players,NC State Wolfpack men's basketball players,Fort Lauderdale Yankees players

paragraph: Tim Stoddard

paragraph: Timothy Paul Stoddard (born January 24, 1953) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He is one of only two men to have played in both a World Series and a Final Four of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, along with fellow East Chicago Washington High School alumnus Kenny Lofton.

paragraph: A right-handed pitcher, Stoddard pitched for the Chicago White Sox (1975), Baltimore Orioles (1978–83), Chicago Cubs (1984), San Diego Padres (1985–86), New York Yankees (1986–88) and Cleveland Indians (1989). Currently, he is the pitching coach for the baseball team at North Central College.

paragraph: Section::::Collegiate Baseball/Basketball career.

paragraph: The 6'7" Stoddard was born in East Chicago, Indiana .He was a member of the 1971 East Chicago Washington High School Senators basketball team, which went undefeated (29-0) and won the Indiana state high school basketball championship. Among his teammates were Pete Trgovich (who played at UCLA) and Junior Bridgeman (who played at Louisville and in the NBA).

paragraph: Stoddard attended North Carolina State University where he was a 2-Sport athlete, playing baseball under Coach Sammy Esposito and basketball under Coach Norm Sloan.

paragraph: Stoddard pitched collegiately for NC State from 1972-1975. Stoddard was 12-3 in 1974 and ranks 4th on the single season NC State ERA list with a 1.05 ERA in 1975. The team won three ACC Championships in Stoddard's four seasons.

paragraph: In basketball, Stoddard was a starting forward on the 1973-74 Wolfpack's NCAA Basketball Champions under Coach Sloan, where he was teammates with Basketball Hall-of-Famer David Thompson. The Wolfpack went 30-1 on the season, the lone loss coming to the Bill Walton-led UCLA Bruins. The Wolfpack gained revenge in the NCAA Tournament and defeated UCLA in the Final Four, ending UCLA's seven-year run as National Champions. Stoddard had 9 points and 9 rebounds in the 80-77 double overtime semifinal victory. Stoddard had 8 points and 7 rebounds in the 76-64 victory in the Championship Game vs. Marquette University. For his collegiate basketball career, Stoddard averaged 6.3 points and 4.9 rebounds per game, including 5.6 points and 4.8 rebounds in the Championship season.

paragraph: In January, , Stoddard was drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the 2nd round of the MLB January draft after playing collegiate baseball at North Carolina State. In 1975 he made his professional debut, pitching for the Class AA Knoxville Sox, where he went 3-4, with a 4.23 ERA and 7 Saves. In 1976 he pitched for Knoxville and the Class AAA Iowa Oaks. Released by the White Sox, Stoddard pitched the 1977 season for the Baltimore Orioles' Class AA Charlotte O's going 10-7 with a 3.21 ERA and 5 saves. In 1978 Stoddard was promoted to the Class AAA Rochester Red Wings, where he was 7-3 with a 2.61 ERA and 7 saves.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Baseball career.:Minor Leagues.:Chicago White Sox (1975-1977).

paragraph: Stoddard first reached the majors with one appearance in 1975. He was released by the White Sox organization in March, 1977 and was signed by the Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Baseball career.:Minor Leagues.:Baltimore Orioles (1977-1983).

paragraph: After a second brief majors call up in 1978, Stoddard made a Major League Roster for good in with the Baltimore Orioles; that year, he pitched in 29 games, winning three and saving three others, with a 1.71 earned run average in 58 innings pitched. The 1979 Orioles won the American League pennant, before losing to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the World Series, after leading three games to one. In Game Four, Stoddard was the winning pitcher and drove in a run with an eighth-inning single, becoming the first player to drive in a World Series run in his very first at-bat. (At the time, the World Series only used the designated hitter in even-number years.)

paragraph: Stoddard became the Orioles’ closer in , pitching in a career-high 64 games and finishing fourth in the AL with 26 saves, which would stand as a single-season franchise record until Don Aase broke it with 34 saves in . Over the next three years Stoddard shared the closer role with left-hander Tippy Martinez. In earned run average ballooned to 6.09.

paragraph: In 1983 Stoddard was a member of the Orioles 1983 World Series champions. Stoddard did not pitch in the World Series, which the Orioles won over the Philadelphia Phillies in five games. Stoddard became the first player to win a championship ring in both an NCAA basketball championship game and a World Series.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Baseball career.:Minor Leagues.:Chicago Cubs (1984).

paragraph: After the 1983 season Stoddard was traded by Baltimore to the Oakland Athletics for third baseman Wayne Gross. In spring training (March 26, 1984) he was again traded, this time to the Chicago Cubs for two minor league players. During the 1984 season, Stoddard pitched in 58 games and posted a 10-6 record and seven saves as the Cubs won the National League East title—their first postseason appearance since the 1945 World Series. The Cubs, however, lost to the San Diego Padres in the National League Championship Series. After the season Stoddard signed with the Padres as a free agent. The compensation draft pick that the Cubs received for losing Stoddard in free-agency was later used to draft Rafael Palmeiro.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Baseball career.:Minor Leagues.:San Diego Padres (1985-1986).

paragraph: While pitching for the Padres, on June 18, 1986, Stoddard hit his only career Home Run in what turned out to be his final Major League at bat. After pitching for the Padres for a year and a half, Stoddard was traded to the New York Yankees on July 9, 1986 for Ed Whitson who had famously fought with Yankees Manager Billy Martin.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Baseball career.:Minor Leagues.:New York Yankees (1986-1988).

paragraph: Stoddard served mainly as a Yankee setup man for closer Dave Righetti. While pitching against the then-California Angels (today the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim) on September 5, 1987, Stoddard gave up the first-ever "broken bat" home run to Jack Howell. Stoddard was released by the Yankees on August 14, 1988 after posting a 6.38 ERA.

paragraph: Section::::Professional Baseball career.:Minor Leagues.:Cleveland Indians (1989).

paragraph: Stoddard pitched his final season () with the Cleveland Indians, pitching in 14 games with a 2.95 ERA before being released on July 12, 1989.

paragraph: In his career, Stoddard pitched in 485 games, all in relief. He won 41 games against 35 losses, with 79 saves, a 3.95 ERA and 582 strikeouts in 729⅔ innings pitched. Stoddard is one of only two men to play in both an NCAA Basketball Final Four game, and an MLB World Series.

paragraph: Section::::Media.

paragraph: Stoddard served as the baseball adviser and played the role of a Dodger pitcher in the 1993 film "Rookie of the Year".

paragraph: Stoddard also appeared in the Tom Hanks' movie Big.

paragraph: Section::::Collegiate Coaching.

paragraph: Stoddard is currently the pitching coach for North Central College in Naperville, Illinois, joining the school in 2016. Stoddard previously served as the pitching coach at Northwestern University for 22 seasons. 19 of his pitchers have become major-league draft selections, including Mike Koplove and J.A. Happ.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: Stoddard was inducted into the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: In 2006, Stoddard was inducted into the Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame.

paragraph: In 2011, Stoddard was inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball all-time saves leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: , or Retrosheet, or SABR Biography Project

description: American baseball pitcher

wikidata_label: Tim Stoddard

wikipedia_title: Tim Stoddard


text: Anglo-Saxon

text: England

text: Battle of Hastings

text: Norman

text: William the Conqueror

text: Norman conquest of England

text: Anglo-Saxon rule over England

text: a prominent Anglo-Saxon family

text: Cnut the Great

text: Edward the Confessor

text: Witenagemot

text: Westminster Abbey

text: Harald Hardrada

text: Godwin

text: Earl of Wessex

text: Gytha Thorkelsdóttir

text: Ulf the Earl

text: Estrid Svendsdatter

text: Sweyn Forkbeard

text: Cnut the Great

text: Sweyn II of Denmark

text: Wulfnoth

text: thegn

text: Edmund Ironside

text: Harthacnut

text: Harold Harefoot

text: Alfred Aetheling

text: Edward the Confessor

text: several children

text: Sweyn

text: Tostig

text: Gyrth

text: Leofwine

text: Wulfnoth

text: Edith of Wessex

text: Earl of East Anglia

text: Magnus the Good

text: Edith

text: More danico

text: Leominster

text: Beorn

text: Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

text: Earl of Hereford

text: Norman

text: Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

text: Gwynedd

text: Wales

text: Ponthieu

text: Robert of Jumièges

text: fealty

text: Witenagemot

text: Edward the Exile

text: Bosham

text: Guy I, Count of Ponthieu

text: Beaurain

text: River Canche

text: Le Touquet

text: Duke William

text: Conan II, Duke of Brittany

text: Brittany

text: Mont Saint-Michel

text: quicksand

text: Dol-de-Bretagne

text: Rennes

text: Dinan

text: Bayeux Tapestry

text: Orderic Vitalis

text: Northumbria

text: Tostig

text: Morcar

text: Harald Hardrada

text: Edward the Confessor

text: Vita Ædwardi Regis

text: Bayeux Tapestry

text: Witan

text: Westminster Abbey

text: Epiphany

text: Duke William II of Normandy

text: Dives-sur-Mer

text: Ponthieu

text: Isle of Wight

text: Harald Hardrada

text: Tyne

text: Edwin of Mercia

text: Morcar of Northumbria

text: Battle of Fulford

text: York

text: Battle of Stamford Bridge

text: Snorri Sturluson

text: Henry of Huntingdon

text: Saint-Valery-sur-Somme

text: Pevensey

text: Sussex

text: earthworks

text: Hastings

text: Senlac Hill

text: Battle

text: Gyrth

text: Leofwine

text: Carmen de Hastingae Proelio

text: Guy

text: William of Malmesbury

text: Henry of Huntingdon

text: Amatus of Montecassino

text: Bayeux Tapestry

text: William of Poitiers

text: William Malet

text: Edith Swannesha

text: Bosham

text: Bosham Church

text: Diocese of Chichester

text: Chichester Harbour

text: English Channel

text: Waltham Holy Cross

text: Essex

text: Morcar

text: Robert Curthose

text: Diarmait mac Máel na mBó

text: High King of Ireland

text: more danico

text: Edyth Swannesha

text: Orderic Vitalis

text: betrothed

text: Adeliza

text: Edith (or Ealdgyth)

text: Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia

text: Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

text: Harold

text: Ulf

text: Edwin, Earl of Mercia

text: Morcar

text: Devon

text: Brian of Brittany

categories: Earls of East Anglia,Roman Catholic monarchs,Deaths by arrow wounds,1020s births,1066 deaths,11th-century English monarchs,Norman conquest of England,Anglo-Norse monarchs,Anglo-Saxon warriors,Anglo-Saxon people,Earls of Wessex,House of Godwin,Monarchs of England before 1066,Anglo-Saxons killed in battle,Earls of Herefordshire,English Roman Catholics,Monarchs killed in action

paragraph: Harold Godwinson

paragraph: Harold Godwinson ( – 14 October 1066), often called Harold II, was the last crowned Anglo-Saxon king of England. Harold reigned from 6 January 1066 until his death at the Battle of Hastings, fighting the Norman invaders led by William the Conqueror during the Norman conquest of England. His death marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule over England.

paragraph: Harold was a powerful earl and member of a prominent Anglo-Saxon family with ties to Cnut the Great. Upon the death of his brother-in-law King Edward the Confessor on 5 January 1066, the "Witenagemot" convened and chose Harold to succeed; he was the first English monarch to be crowned in Westminster Abbey. In late September, he successfully repelled an invasion by rival claimant Harald Hardrada of Norway before marching his army back south to meet William the Conqueror at Hastings two weeks later.

paragraph: Section::::Family background.

paragraph: Harold was a son of Godwin (–1053), the powerful Earl of Wessex, and of Gytha Thorkelsdóttir, whose brother Ulf the Earl was married to Estrid Svendsdatter (c. 1015/1016), the daughter of King Sweyn Forkbeard (died 1014) and sister of King Cnut the Great of England and Denmark. Ulf and Estrith's son would become King Sweyn II of Denmark in 1047. Godwin was the son of Wulfnoth, probably a "thegn" and a native of Sussex. Godwin began his political career by supporting King Edmund Ironside (reigned April to November 1016), but switched to supporting King Cnut by 1018, when Cnut named him Earl of Wessex. Godwin remained an earl throughout the remainder of Cnut's reign, one of only two earls to survive to the end of that reign. On Cnut's death in 1035, Godwin originally supported Harthacnut instead of Cnut's initial successor Harold Harefoot, but managed to switch sides in 1037—although not without becoming involved in the 1036 murder of Alfred Aetheling, half-brother of Harthacnut and younger brother of the later King Edward the Confessor. When Harold Harefoot died in 1040, Harthacnut became King of England and Godwin's power was imperiled by his earlier involvement in Alfred's murder, but an oath and large gift secured the new king's favour for Godwin. Harthacnut's death in 1042 probably involved Godwin in a role as kingmaker, helping to secure the English throne for Edward the Confessor. In 1045 Godwin reached the height of his power when the new king married Godwin's daughter Edith.

paragraph: Godwin and Gytha had several children—six sons: Sweyn, Harold, Tostig, Gyrth, Leofwine and Wulfnoth; and three daughters: Edith of Wessex (originally named Gytha but renamed Ealdgyth (or Edith) when she married King Edward the Confessor), Gunhild and Ælfgifu. The birthdates of the children are unknown, but Harold was the second son, Sweyn being the eldest. Harold was aged about 25 in 1045, which makes his birth year around 1020.

paragraph: Section::::Powerful nobleman.

paragraph: Edith married Edward on 23 January 1045 and, around that time, Harold became Earl of East Anglia. Harold is called "earl" when he appears as a witness in a will that may date to 1044; but, by 1045, Harold regularly appears as an earl in documents. One reason for his appointment to East Anglia may have been a need to defend against the threat from King Magnus the Good of Norway. It is possible that Harold led some of the ships from his earldom that were sent to Sandwich in 1045 against Magnus. Sweyn, Harold's elder brother, had been named an earl in 1043. It was also around the time that Harold was named an earl that he began a relationship with Edith, who appears to have been the heiress to lands in Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Essex, lands in Harold's new earldom. The relationship was a form of marriage that was not blessed or sanctioned by the Church, known as "More danico", or "in the Danish manner", and was accepted by most laypeople in England at the time. Any children of such a union were considered legitimate. Harold probably entered the relationship in part to secure support in his new earldom.

paragraph: Harold's elder brother Sweyn was exiled in 1047 after abducting the abbess of Leominster. Sweyn's lands were divided between Harold and a cousin, Beorn. In 1049, Harold was in command of a ship or ships that were sent with a fleet to aid Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor against Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, who was in revolt against Henry. During this campaign, Sweyn returned to England and attempted to secure a pardon from the king, but Harold and Beorn refused to return any of their lands, and Sweyn, after leaving the royal court, took Beorn hostage and later killed him.

paragraph: When in 1051 Earl Godwin was sent into exile, Harold accompanied his father and helped him to regain his position a year later. Then Godwin died in 1053, and Harold succeeded him as Earl of Wessex (the southern third of England). This arguably made him the most powerful figure in England after the king.

paragraph: Harold also became Earl of Hereford in 1058, and replaced his late father as the focus of opposition to growing Norman influence in England under the restored monarchy (1042–66) of Edward the Confessor, who had spent more than 25 years in exile in Normandy. He led a series of successful campaigns (1062–63) against Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Gwynedd, king of Wales. This conflict ended with Gruffydd's defeat and death in 1063.

paragraph: Section::::Powerful nobleman.:Harold in northern France.

paragraph: In 1064, Harold apparently was shipwrecked at Ponthieu. There is much speculation about this voyage. The earliest post-conquest Norman chroniclers report that King Edward had previously sent Robert of Jumièges, Archbishop of Canterbury, to appoint as his heir Edward's maternal kinsman, William of Normandy, and that at this later date Harold was sent to swear fealty. Scholars disagree as to the reliability of this story. William, at least, seems to have believed he had been offered the succession, but there must have been some confusion either on William's part or perhaps by both men, since the English succession was neither inherited nor determined by the reigning monarch. Instead the Witenagemot, the assembly of the kingdom's leading notables, would convene after a king's death to select a successor. Other acts of Edward are inconsistent with his having made such a promise, such as his efforts to return his nephew Edward the Exile, son of King Edmund Ironside, from Hungary in 1057. Later Norman chroniclers suggest alternative explanations for Harold's journey: that he was seeking the release of members of his family who had been held hostage since Godwin's exile in 1051, or even that he had simply been travelling along the English coast on a hunting and fishing expedition and had been driven across the Channel by an unexpected storm. There is general agreement that he left from Bosham, and was blown off course, landing at Ponthieu. He was captured by Guy I, Count of Ponthieu, and was then taken as a hostage to the count's castle at Beaurain, up the River Canche from its mouth at what is now Le Touquet. Duke William arrived soon afterward and ordered Guy to turn Harold over to him. Harold then apparently accompanied William to battle against William's enemy, Conan II, Duke of Brittany. While crossing into Brittany past the fortified abbey of Mont Saint-Michel, Harold is recorded as rescuing two of William's soldiers from quicksand. They pursued Conan from Dol-de-Bretagne to Rennes, and finally to Dinan, where he surrendered the fortress's keys at the point of a lance. William presented Harold with weapons and arms, knighting him. The Bayeux Tapestry, and other Norman sources, then record that Harold swore an oath on sacred relics to William to support his claim to the English throne. After Edward's death, the Normans were quick to point out that in accepting the crown of England, Harold had broken this alleged oath.

paragraph: The chronicler Orderic Vitalis wrote of Harold that he "was distinguished by his great size and strength of body, his polished manners, his firmness of mind and command of words, by a ready wit and a variety of excellent qualities. But what availed so many valuable gifts, when good faith, the foundation of all virtues, was wanting?"

paragraph: Due to a doubling of taxation by Tostig in 1065 that threatened to plunge England into civil war, Harold supported Northumbrian rebels against his brother, Tostig, and replaced him with Morcar. This strengthened his acceptability as Edward's successor, but fatally split his own family, driving Tostig into alliance with King Harald Hardrada ("Hard Ruler") of Norway.

paragraph: Section::::Reign as King.

paragraph: At the end of 1065 King Edward the Confessor fell into a coma without clarifying his preference for the succession. He died on 5 January 1066, according to the "Vita Ædwardi Regis", but not before briefly regaining consciousness and commending his widow and the kingdom to Harold's "protection". The intent of this charge remains ambiguous, as is the Bayeux Tapestry, which simply depicts Edward pointing at a man thought to represent Harold. When the Witan convened the next day they selected Harold to succeed, and his coronation followed on 6 January, most likely held in Westminster Abbey; though no evidence from the time survives to confirm this. Although later Norman sources point to the suddenness of this coronation, the reason may have been that all the nobles of the land were present at Westminster for the feast of Epiphany, and not because of any usurpation of the throne on Harold's part.

paragraph: In early January 1066, hearing of Harold's coronation, Duke William II of Normandy began plans to invade England, building 700 warships and transports at Dives-sur-Mer on the Normandy coast. Initially, William could not get support for the invasion but, claiming that Harold had sworn on sacred relics to support his claim to the throne after having been shipwrecked at Ponthieu, William received the Church's blessing and nobles flocked to his cause. In anticipation of the invasion, Harold assembled his troops on the Isle of Wight, but the invasion fleet remained in port for almost seven months, perhaps due to unfavourable winds. On 8 September, with provisions running out, Harold disbanded his army and returned to London. On the same day Harald Hardrada of Norway, who also claimed the English crown joined Tostig and invaded, landing his fleet at the mouth of the Tyne.

paragraph: The invading forces of Hardrada and Tostig defeated the English earls Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria at the Battle of Fulford near York on 20 September 1066. Harold led his army north on a forced march from London, reached Yorkshire in four days, and caught Hardrada by surprise. On 25 September, in the Battle of Stamford Bridge, Harold defeated Hardrada and Tostig, who were both killed.

paragraph: According to Snorri Sturluson, before the battle a single man rode up alone to Harald Hardrada and Tostig. He gave no name, but spoke to Tostig, offering the return of his earldom if he would turn against Hardrada. Tostig asked what his brother Harold would be willing to give Hardrada for his trouble. The rider replied "Seven feet of English ground, as he is taller than other men." Then he rode back to the Saxon host. Hardrada was impressed by the rider's boldness, and asked Tostig who he was. Tostig replied that the rider was Harold Godwinson himself. According to Henry of Huntingdon, Harold said "Six feet of ground or as much more as he needs, as he is taller than most men."

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Hastings.

paragraph: On 12 September 1066 William's fleet sailed from Normandy. Several ships sank in storms, which forced the fleet to take shelter at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme and to wait for the wind to change. On 27 September the Norman fleet set sail for England, arriving the following day at Pevensey on the coast of East Sussex. Harold's army marched 241 miles (386 kilometres) to intercept William, who had landed perhaps 7,000 men in Sussex, southern England. Harold established his army in hastily built earthworks near Hastings. The two armies clashed at the Battle of Hastings, at Senlac Hill (near the present town of Battle) close by Hastings on 14 October, where after nine hours of hard fighting, Harold was killed and his forces defeated. His brothers Gyrth and Leofwine were also killed in the battle, according to the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: The notion that Harold died by an arrow to the eye is a popular belief today, but this historical legend is subject to much scholarly debate. A Norman account of the battle, "Carmen de Hastingae Proelio" ("Song of the Battle of Hastings"), said to have been written shortly after the battle by Guy, Bishop of Amiens, says that Harold was killed by four knights, probably including Duke William, and his body dismembered. Twelfth-century Anglo-Norman histories, such as William of Malmesbury's "Gesta Regum Anglorum" and Henry of Huntingdon's "Historia Anglorum" recount that Harold died by an arrow wound to his head. An earlier source, Amatus of Montecassino's "L'Ystoire de li Normant" ("History of the Normans"), written only twenty years after the battle of Hastings, contains a report of Harold being shot in the eye with an arrow, but this may be an early fourteenth-century addition. Later accounts reflect one or both of these two versions.

paragraph: A figure in the panel of the Bayeux Tapestry with the inscription "hic Harold Rex Interfectus Est" ("here Harold the King has been killed") is depicted gripping an arrow that has struck his eye, but some historians have questioned whether this man is intended to be Harold or if Harold is intended as the next figure lying to the right almost supine, being mutilated beneath a horse's hooves. Etchings made of the Tapestry in the 1730s show the standing figure with differing objects. Benoît's 1729 sketch shows only a dotted line indicating stitch marks without any indication of fletching, whereas all other arrows in the Tapestry are fletched. Bernard de Montfaucon's 1730 engraving has a solid line resembling a spear being held overhand matching the manner of the figure to the left. Stothard's 1819 water-colour drawing has, for the first time, a fletched arrow in the figure's eye. Although not apparent in the earlier depictions, the Tapestry today has stitch marks indicating the fallen figure once had an arrow in its eye. It has been proposed that the second figure once had an arrow added by over-enthusiastic nineteenth-century restorers that was later unstitched. Many believe this, as the name "Harold" is above the figure with an arrow in his eye. This has been disputed by examining other examples from the Tapestry where the visual centre of a scene, not the location of the inscription, identifies named figures. Further evidence is that an arrow volley would be loosed before the Norman cavalry charge. A further suggestion is that both accounts are accurate, and that Harold suffered first the eye wound, then the mutilation, and the Tapestry is depicting both in sequence.

paragraph: Section::::Burial and legacy.

paragraph: The account of the contemporary chronicler William of Poitiers, states that the body of Harold was given to William Malet for burial:

paragraph: The two brothers of the King were found near him and Harold himself, stripped of all badges of honour, could not be identified by his face but only by certain marks on his body. His corpse was brought into the Duke's camp, and William gave it for burial to William, surnamed Malet, and not to Harold's mother, who offered for the body of her beloved son its weight in gold. For the Duke thought it unseemly to receive money for such merchandise, and equally he considered it wrong that Harold should be buried as his mother wished, since so many men lay unburied because of his avarice. They said in jest that he who had guarded the coast with such insensate zeal should be buried by the seashore.

paragraph: Another source states that Harold's widow, Edith Swannesha, was called to identify the body, which she did by some private mark known only to her. Harold's strong association with Bosham, his birthplace, and the discovery in 1954 of an Anglo-Saxon coffin in the church there, has led some to suggest it as the place of King Harold's burial. A request to exhume a grave in Bosham Church was refused by the Diocese of Chichester in December 2003, the Chancellor having ruled that the chances of establishing the identity of the body as Harold's were too slim to justify disturbing a burial place. A prior exhumation had revealed the remains of a man, estimated at up to 60 years of age from photographs of the remains, lacking a head, one leg and the lower part of his other leg, a description consistent with the fate of the king as recorded in the Carmen. The poem also claims Harold was buried by the sea, which is consistent with William of Poitiers' account and with the identification of the grave at Bosham Church that is only yards from Chichester Harbour and in sight of the English Channel.

paragraph: There were legends of Harold's body being given a proper funeral years later in his church at Waltham Holy Cross in Essex, which he had refounded in 1060. Legends also grew up that Harold had not died at Hastings but instead fled England or that he later ended his life as a hermit at Chester or Canterbury.

paragraph: Harold's son Ulf, along with Morcar and two others, were released from prison by King William as he lay dying in 1087. Ulf threw his lot in with Robert Curthose, who knighted him, and then disappeared from history. Two of Harold's other sons, Godwine and Edmund, invaded England in 1068 and 1069 with the aid of Diarmait mac Máel na mBó (High King of Ireland). In 1068 Diarmait presented another Irish king with Harold's battle standard.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and children.

paragraph: For some twenty years Harold was married "more danico" (Latin: "in the Danish manner") to Edyth Swannesha and had at least six children with her. She was considered Harold's mistress by the clergy.

paragraph: According to Orderic Vitalis, Harold was at some time betrothed to Adeliza, a daughter of William the Conqueror; if so, the betrothal never led to marriage.

paragraph: About January 1066, Harold married Edith (or Ealdgyth), daughter of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia, and widow of the Welsh prince Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. Edith had one son, named Harold, probably born posthumously. Another of Harold's sons, Ulf, may have been a twin of the younger Harold, though most historians consider him a son of Edyth Swannesha. Both these sons survived into adulthood and probably lived out their lives in exile.

paragraph: After her husband's death, Edith fled for refuge to her brothers, Edwin, Earl of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria, but both men made their peace with King William initially before rebelling and losing their lands and lives. Edith may have fled abroad (possibly with Harold's mother, Gytha, or with Harold's daughter, Gytha). Harold's sons, Godwin and Edmund, fled to Ireland and then invaded Devon, but were defeated by Brian of Brittany.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William of Poitiers, "Gesta Guillelmi II Ducis Normannorum", or "The Deeds of William II, Duke of the Normans". Quoted by David C. Douglas & George W. Greenaway (eds.), in: "English Historical Documents 1042–1189", London, 1959.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BBC Historic Figures: Harold II (Godwineson) (c. 1020 – 1066)

alias:
Harold II
Harold Godwineson

description: Anglo-Saxon King of England

enwikiquote_title: Harold II of England

wikidata_label: Harold Godwinson

wikipedia_title: Harold Godwinson