text:
Paralympian
track and field

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Paralympics,Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Paralympics,Paralympic gold medalists for Great Britain,Living people,Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics,1971 births,Paralympic athletes of Great Britain,Paralympic silver medalists for Great Britain

paragraph: Chris Martin (athlete)

paragraph: Chris Martin (born 1 November 1971) is a British Paralympian track and field athlete competing in category F33 throwing events. He has represented Great Britain in four Paralympic Games. Martin has won two gold and one silver Paralympic medals in Discus and Javelin and won three gold medals in the IPC World Championship. He was the World record holder from 1995-2005, IPC World Championship record holder from 1998-2011, Paralympics record holder from 1996-2008 all for F33 Discus.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Martin who has Cerebral palsy was born in Nottingham, England in 1971. He started his athletic training for throws at the age of 18. He took part in 1989 the World Junior Disabled Championships in USA and won a bronze for Discus and shot.

paragraph: 1994 IPC World Championship Berlin Javelin(F35) 7th

paragraph: 1996 Paralympics Atlanta Discus(F33/34) 7th / Shot(F33/34) 8th

paragraph: 1998 IPC World Championship Birmingham Discus(F33) Gold, Javelin(F33) Gold

paragraph: 2000 Paralympics Sydney Discus(F33) Gold, Javelin (F33) Silver

paragraph: 2002 IPC World Championship Lille Discus(F33/34) Gold

paragraph: 2004 Paralympics Athens Discus (F33/34) 4th

paragraph: 2008 Paralympics Beijing Discus (F33-34/F52) Silver

paragraph: 2011 IPC World Championship New Zealand Discus (F32/33/34) 14th

paragraph: World record holder from 1995-2005 for F33 Discus

paragraph: Paralympics record holder from 1996-2008 for F33 Discus

paragraph: IPC World Championship record holder from 1998-2011 for F33 Discus

paragraph: Retired in 2012, through back injury.

description: British paralympic athlete

wikidata_label: Chris Martin

wikipedia_title: Chris Martin (athlete)


text: Kuznetsk

text: Russian Empire

text: Yasnaya Polyana

text: Tula Oblast

text: Soviet Union

text: Leo Tolstoy

text: Tolstoyan

text: pacifist

text: anti-communist

text: Tsarist

text: Soviet

text: Nazi

text: concentration camp

text: Yasnaya Polyana

text: Fyodor Dostoyevsky

text: Moscow University

text: Tolstoyanism

text: Sophia Tolstaya

text: Vladimir Chertkov

text: World War I

text: Attila

text: Genghis Khan

text: Christianity

text: Okhrana

text: Pavel Ivanovich Biryukov

text: Henri Guilbaud

text: October Revolution

text: Russian Civil War

text: war communism

text: cannibalism

text: Red Cross

text: Alexander Chayanov

text: Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky

text: American Relief Administration

text: Fridtjof Nansen

text: Politburo

text: Soviet Union

text: Prague

text: Czechoslovakia

text: non-violent struggle

text: British

text: colonialism

text: Mahatma Gandhi

text: War Resisters' International

text: Doukhobor

text: Marina Tsvetaeva

text: Romain Rolland

text: Rabindranath Tagore

text: Albert Einstein

text: Nicholas Roerich

text: Prague Castle

text: Second World War

text: Wehrmacht

text: Bavaria

text: Weißenburg in Bayern

text: Union of Soviet Writers

text: Romain Rolland

text: Rabindranath Tagore

text: Albert Einstein

text: Nicholas Roerich

text: National Museum

text: James McAvoy

text: The Last Station

text: biographical novel

text: Jay Parini

categories: Leo Tolstoy,Russian Christian pacifists,Tolstoyans,Nazi concentration camp survivors,1886 births,Russian curators,White Russian emigrants to Czechoslovakia,Nonviolence advocates,1966 deaths,Russian writers,Russian memoirists,Russian pacifists,Russian anti–World War I activists

paragraph: Valentin Bulgakov

paragraph: Valentin Fyodorovich Bulgakov (; 25 November 1886 in Kuznetsk, Russian Empire – 22 September 1966 in Yasnaya Polyana, Tula Oblast, Soviet Union) was the last secretary of Leo Tolstoy and his biographer. He was director of a number of literary museums and was engaged in Tolstoyan, pacifist, and anti-communist activities. He was imprisoned by both the Tsarist and Soviet regimes and was a Nazi concentration camp survivor. During the final 20 years of his life he was head of the Yasnaya Polyana museum.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Valentin Bulgakov was the son of an official of the city of Kuznetsk (now Novokuznetsk). He received his early education at the Tomsk grammar school.

paragraph: At an early age, Valentin Bulgakov became a regular correspondent for a local newspaper. In 1904, a supplement to "Siberian Life" published his best-known early article "F. Dostoevsky in the Kuznetsk". The article contained new material on the wedding of Fyodor Dostoyevsky with Maria Dmitrievna Isayeva held in Kuznetsk in 1857.

paragraph: In 1906 he finished high school with honors.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Secretary to Leo Tolstoy.

paragraph: Bulgakov became a student of history and philology of Moscow University (1906–1910). In 1907, Bulgakov became acquainted with Leo Tolstoy. He became a sincere follower of Tolstoyanism and its life principles such as pacifism, vegetarianism, non-participation in political activities and a high level of social activity based on Christian principles.

paragraph: In 1910 he dropped out of University and became the personal secretary of Leo Tolstoy. He was a personal witness to the lives of the Tolstoy family at Yasnaya Polyana during the last period of the writer's life. On 28 October 1910, he managed to prevent a suicide attempt of Tolstoy's wife Sophia Tolstaya following the departure of Tolstoy.

paragraph: During this period he became gradually estranged from Vladimir Chertkov, one of the most prominent Tolstoyans.

paragraph: After the death of Leo Tolstoy, Bulgakov remained for several years in Yasnaya Polyana and worked on his notes which were published in 1911 under the title "The last year of Leo Tolstoy" and "The conception of life by Leo Tolstoy in his letters to his secretary". Both books were soon translated into several languages. He began the laborious task of describing the library of Tolstoy. He took an active part in publishing the works of Leo Tolstoy and the organization of the Tolstoy Museum in Moscow. In 1917 he published "Christian ethics", an authoritative account of the religious and ethical teaching of Tolstoy.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:World War I.

paragraph: The first reaction of the Tolstoyan Movement to the outbreak of World War I was the appeal "Wake up, all people are brothers!" composed by Bulgakov on 28 September 1914.

paragraph: Our enemies are—not the Germans, and - not Russians or Frenchmen. The common enemy of us all, no matter what nationality to which we belong—is the beast within us. Nowhere is this truth so clearly confirmed, as now, when, intoxicated, and excessively proud of their false science, their foreign culture and their civilization of the machine, people of the 20th century have suddenly realized the true stage of its development: this step is no higher than that which our ancestors were at in the days of Attila and Genghis Khan. It is infinitely sad to know that two thousand years of Christianity have passed almost without a trace upon the people.

paragraph: In October, Bulgakov continued circulating the appeal, collecting signatures and posting copies which were confiscated by the Okhrana. On 28 October Bulgakov was arrested together with 27 signatories of the appeal.

paragraph: In November–December 1915, most defendants were released from custody on bail. A trial took place on 1 April 1916 and the defendants were acquitted. Pavel Ivanovich Biryukov received in 1914 the text of the appeal and subsequently published it in the Swiss magazine "Demain" ("Tomorrow"), edited by Henri Guilbaud.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Museum.

paragraph: In 1916, Bulgakov took the position of keeper of the Museum of Leo Tolstoy in Moscow (the first keeper, Pavel Ivanovich Biryukov, had left for Switzerland).

paragraph: After the October Revolution, many Tolstoyans opposed dialogue with the Bolsheviks and were opposed to the nationalization of the Tolstoy Museum. Bulgakov and A. Thick insisted, however, on coming to an agreement with the Soviet government. Later Bulgakov, Tolstoy and the artist ND Bartram, founder of the Museum of Toys, were able to secure against numerous applicants a mansion in 11 Prechistenka, Moscow which became the location for the Tolstoy museum. Bulgakov also put great efforts into creating a "steel room" for the Archives of Tolstoy.

paragraph: On 5 April 1920, Lenin signed a decree for the nationalization of the House of Leo Tolstoy in Moscow. The Literary Museum in Prechistenka and the Museum-Estate "Khamovniki" were combined into a single museum with Bulgakov as its director. Bulgakov retained this position until his expulsion by the Soviet regime in 1923.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Pomgol.

paragraph: As a result of the Russian Civil War, alleged crop failure and the first implementation of war communism (which involved the violent seizure by the government of food from peasants) the country experienced a famine in 1921. There were tens of thousands of starving peasants and many cases of cannibalism.

paragraph: On 21 July 1921 a preliminary meeting of the All-Union Public Committee for the Relief of Starving (Pomgol Public Committee, Всероссийский общественный комитет помощи голодающим) was held and a decree was signed by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union on the establishment of the Committee, as well as its role. The Committee was given the sign of the Red Cross. The Committee initially included 63 people, including, Bulgakov, famous cultural figures, economist Alexander Chayanov, the president of the Academy of Sciences Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky and representatives of Russian religious denominations.

paragraph: Negotiations for help began with overseas organizations, including the American Relief Administration and polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen, the head of the Executive Committee of "International Aid to Russia." The negotiations culminated in agreements on the supply of food.

paragraph: After six weeks the Soviet Politburo passed a resolution for the elimination of the Committee. Most of its members, including Bulgakov, were arrested. Simultaneously, the press began attacking them. However, experienced in confronting the authorities Bulgakov made sure that on 18 September 1921 the newspaper "Communist Labor" ran a refutation of the false accusations and published an excerpt from his letter to the editor. Along with the majority of the members of Pomgol, Bulgakov was released and then exiled from the Soviet Union in February 1923.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Emigration.

paragraph: He went into exile in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He conducted extensive lecturing activities in Europe in which he promoted creativity, Tolstoyism and the non-violent struggle against British colonialism, led by Mahatma Gandhi.

paragraph: He joined the international anti-war organization "War Resisters' International," and soon became one of the members of its board. In 1932 he initiated that the community of Doukhobor, which at the end of the 19th century had emigrated from Russia to Canada, was accepted by the organization.

paragraph: In the period from 1924 to 1928 he was the chairman of the Union of Russian Writers and Journalists in Czechoslovakia. He supported Marina Tsvetaeva during her exile in Prague.

paragraph: He corresponded with prominent cultural and intellectual figures such as Romain Rolland, Rabindranath Tagore, Albert Einstein and Nicholas Roerich.

paragraph: In 1934, Bulgakov founded the Russian cultural-historical museum near the Prague Castle. The museum gathered a rich collection of Russian art, that had been scattered in many countries around the world including paintings, antiquities, manuscripts and books. He was one of the editors of the Union of Russian Writers' book "The Ark". With A. Yupatovym he prepared the handbook "Russian art abroad" (1938, Prague). In the 1930s, he prepared a fundamental "Glossary of Russian émigré writers" (which was not published during the author's lifetime).

paragraph: When at the beginning of the Second World War the German Wehrmacht marched into Prague, Bulgakov was arrested on suspicion of being a communist and later sent to a Bavarian concentration camp in Weißenburg in Bayern. During his incarceration at the camp from 1941 to 1945 he wrote his memoirs of Tolstoy and his family.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Back in the USSR.

paragraph: In 1948, Bulgakov applied for Soviet citizenship and returned to the USSR. He settled in Yasnaya Polyana, where for almost 20 years he was the keeper of the house-museum of Leo Tolstoy. In 1958 he was admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers. He wrote a series of essays in the book "Meetings with Artists," "On Tolstoy. Memories and Stories", and a still unpublished memoir, "How Life is Lived."

paragraph: Valentin Bulgakov died in Yasnaya Polyana at the age of 80. He was buried in the village of Kochaki near the family burial of Tolstoys.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In addition to the memoirs of Tolstoy, promotional pamphlets and essays on Tolstoyism, Bulgakov left a large correspondence, especially from the time of his Prague emigration, with, amongst others, Romain Rolland, Rabindranath Tagore, Albert Einstein and Nicholas Roerich.

paragraph: His personal archive is stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art and the Literary Archives of the National Museum of Prague.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Valentin Bulgakov is one of the main characters (played by James McAvoy) in "The Last Station" (2009), a film about the last year in the life of Tolstoy. The film was based on a 1990 biographical novel by American writer Jay Parini, who in turn based his novel on, amongst others, the memoirs of Bulgakov.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "L. Tolstoy in the last year of his life. A series of literary memoirs". State publishing fiction, 1960. (First published 1911) (English edition: The last year of Leo Tolstoy, New York, Dial Press, 1971.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "The conception of life of Leo Tolstoy. In letters to his secretary, VF Bulgakov". - M., ed. T-va Sytin, 1911.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "The War", "Life for All". 1917. No.4.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "L. Tolstoy and our present. On the ways of true revival". - M., 1919.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "Wake up, people are brothers! The story appeals minded Tolstoy against World War of 1914-1918". T. 1. - M., Zadruga, 1922.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "Revolution in automobiles". (Petrograd, February 1917), "In a strange land". 1924. No.6.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "Leo Tolstoy and the fate of Russian anti-militarism", "Freedom of Russia". 1924. No.14-15.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "The Tragedy of Tolstoy". L., 1928.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "From the history museum of Leo Tolstoy in Moscow", Yasnaya Polyana collection. Tula, 1968.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, "Meetings with artists". - L., Artist of the RSFSR, 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. F. Bulgakov, compiler, "Словарь русских зарубежных писателей" ("Glossary of Russian émigré writers"), New York: Norman Ross, 1993.

description: Russian writer

enwikiquote_title: Valentin Bulgakov

wikidata_label: Valentin Bulgakov

wikipedia_title: Valentin Bulgakov


text:
Czech
ice hockey
defenceman
unrestricted free agent
Schwenninger Wild Wings
Deutsche Eishockey Liga
HC Bílí Tygři Liberec
Czech Extraliga
2010–11 Czech Extraliga season
HC Oceláři Třinec
Lukko Rauma
Pelicans Lahti
BK Mladá Boleslav
HC Lada Togliatti
Kontinental Hockey League
2016–17

categories: BK Mladá Boleslav players,HC Lev Poprad players,Sportspeople from Brno,1984 births,HC Lada Togliatti players,HC Lev Praha players,Schwenninger Wild Wings players,HC Bílí Tygři Liberec players,HC Oceláři Třinec players,Lukko players,Lahti Pelicans players,Czech ice hockey players,HC Sparta Praha players,Living people

paragraph: Jiří Hunkes

paragraph: Jiří Hunkes (born July 31, 1984) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played for Schwenninger Wild Wings in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He formerly played with HC Bílí Tygři Liberec in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season.

paragraph: Hunkes previously played for HC Oceláři Třinec, Lukko Rauma, Pelicans Lahti and BK Mladá Boleslav. After a season with HC Lada Togliatti of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), Hunkes signed his first contract in Germany, agreeing to a one-year deal with Schwenninger Wild Wings of the DEL on July 10, 2015.

paragraph: In the 2016–17 season, Hunkes returned for his second year with the Wild Wings, but was unable to repeat his performance in adding just 1 goal and 3 points in 32 contests. On March 3, 2017, it was announced that Hunkes would leave the club as a free agent.

description: Czech ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Jiří Hunkes

wikipedia_title: Jiří Hunkes


text:
biblical
Talmud
Fez, Morocco
bet din
yeshivot
Joseph Almosnino
Egypt
Venice
Jerusalem
Sifra
Joshua
Judges
peshat
Mekhilta
Sifrei
Pentateuch
Song of Songs
hermeneutic

categories: People from Fez, Morocco,1545 births,1632 deaths,Jewish biblical scholars

paragraph: Aharon Ibn Hayyim

paragraph: Aharon Ibn Hayyim ( 1545–1632) was a biblical and Talmudic commentator. Born in Fez, Morocco, he served on the bet din and studied at the yeshivot of his father, Vidal ha-Zarefati and Joseph Almosnino. In 1606 he left Fez for Egypt, and made his way to Venice in 1608 where he printed his numerous manuscripts. While in Venice, Ibn Hayyim gave lectures in several congregations, and was well known by famous rabbis at the time. He died in Jerusalem in 1632, and is well known for his publications "Leb Aharon", "Korban Aharon" (commentary on the Sifra), and "Middot Aharon".

paragraph: Section::::Leb Aharon.

paragraph: "Leb Aharon" (Aaron's Heart) is a commentary on Joshua and the Judges, and contains both simple explanations of the words (peshat), as well as a more in depth analysis of the text at large (derush). While Ibn Hayyim wrote commentaries to the Mekhilta, Sifrei, Pentateuch, Prophets, and Song of Songs, "Leb Aharon" was his only commentary of this type to be published.

paragraph: Section::::Middot Aharon.

paragraph: "Middot Aharon" (Aaron's Rules) is Aharon ibn Hayyim's most well-known publication, and serves as one of the only compositions that adequately discusses the thirteen hermeneutic principles as laid out by R. Ishmael. This work focuses on the development and application of the thirteen hermeneutical principles, and was largely responsible for the Sifra becoming a subject of study. Ibn Hayyim's main objective is to search for and explain the plain meaning of the text, and seeks to interpret the literal meaning, despite his often-wordy explanations.

description: biblical scholar

wikidata_label: Aharon Ibn Hayyim

wikipedia_title: Aharon Ibn Hayyim


text: New York City

text: Iowa

text: Salem, New York

text: Washington, D.C.

text: United States Secretary of the Treasury

text: Howell Cobb

text: Treasury Building

text: American Civil War

text: Spencer M. Clark

text: newspaper

text: New York State Capitol

paragraph: George B. McCartee

paragraph: George B. McCartee (1832–1903) was an official in the United States Department of the Treasury who served as Chief of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing from 1869 to 1876.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: George B. McCartee was born in 1832 in New York City and raised in New York.

paragraph: McCartee worked in various business interests in New York until moving to Iowa to work as a railway superintendent. He settled in Salem, New York in 1858, becoming manager of a steam mill.

paragraph: In 1859, McCartee moved to Washington, D.C. to become private secretary to United States Secretary of the Treasury Howell Cobb. He was later superintendent of the Treasury Building. During the American Civil War, the Treasury Department sent him abroad to sell government bonds.

paragraph: Following a Congressional investigation in 1868, Spencer M. Clark was forced to resign as Chief of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and McCartee was named Acting Chief. He became Chief of the Bureau in 1869, holding this office until 1876.

paragraph: McCartee then returned to Salem, New York, managing the "Salem Press" newspaper. He later secured an appointment as paymaster of the New York State Capitol.

paragraph: McCartee died in Salem, New York in 1903 at age 70.

description: American government official

wikidata_label: George B. McCartee

wikipedia_title: George B. McCartee


text:
Armenian:
Arsames
Armenia
Orontid
Armavir
Yervandashat
Bagaran
Hellenistic
Zeus
Aramazd
Artemis
Anahit
Herakles
Vahagn
Apollo
Mithra
Sassanid
Antiochus III
Strabo
Artaxias I
Orontid
Aramaic
Artaxias I
Armenian
Artaxias I
Armenia
Ptolemaeus of Commagene
Satrap
King of Commagene
Richard G. Hovannisian

categories: Orontid dynasty,200 BC deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Orontes IV

paragraph: Orontes IV (Armenian: Երվանդ Դ, Yervand IV) was the son of King Arsames and is recorded as ruling Armenia from inscriptions found at the historic capital of the Orontid dynasty, Armavir. He was the founder of the city of Yervandashat.

paragraph: In his reign the religious site of Bagaran was founded. Large bronze statues in the Hellenistic style of the gods, Zeus (Aramazd), Artemis (Anahit) and Herakles (Vahagn) were brought there and set up in temples dedicated to them. He is also said to have founded a shrine at Armavir dedicated to Apollo (Mithra), a golden statue of four horses pulling a chariot with Apollo as god of the Sun. This was later destroyed by the Sassanid Persian army in the 4th century AD.

paragraph: King Antiochus III instigated a revolt against King Orontes IV. Strabo, who wrote about this 200 years later, stated that it was general Artaxias I, who was also an Orontid, who overthrew King Orontes IV. Aramaic inscriptions found at Armavir state that King Orontes IV died at the hands of his own army, in other words by betrayal from Artaxias I. This was most likely bribery of the Armenian army by King Antiochus III.

paragraph: Artaxias I took over as King of Armenia soon afterwards, according to Strabo.

paragraph: Orontes IV had a son, Ptolemaeus of Commagene, who served as the last Satrap of Commagene between 201–163 BC, became in 163 BC the first King of Commagene and died in 130 BC.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. M. Cook

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard G. Hovannisian

description: King of Armenia

wikidata_label: Orontes IV

wikipedia_title: Orontes IV


text:
Iberia
Kartli
Georgia
Cyril Toumanoff
Armazi
Aramaic
Greek
Pharasmanes I of Iberia
Tacitus
Annals
Roman emperor
Vespasian
Armenian
Artaxiad Dynasty
Tigranes IV
Erato
Jerusalem
Jews
Giorgi Melikishvili
Rome
Epigram of Amazaspos
Nisibis
Trajan
Parthia
Roman citizenship
Amazaspus I

categories: Pharnavazid kings of Iberia,2nd-century monarchs in Asia

paragraph: Mihrdat I of Iberia

paragraph: Mithridates I (Mihrdat I) () was the 1st-century king of Iberia (Kartli, Georgia) whose reign is evidenced by epigraphic material. Cyril Toumanoff suggests 58–106 as the years of his reign.

paragraph: Section::::Armazi inscriptions.

paragraph: Two inscriptions unearthed at Armazi, Georgia. One bilingual in Aramaic and Greek. The Greek inscription identifies Mithridates I as the son of the "great king" Pharasmanes (P'arsman), apparently the Pharasmanes I of Iberia of Tacitus’s "Annals" (In the same work Tacitus also mentions Mithridates I himself). The stone inscription in Greek speaks of Mithridates I as "the friend of the Caesars" and the king "of the Roman-loving Iberians". It also reports that the Roman emperor Vespasian fortified Armazi for the Iberian king in 75. His mother was an unnamed Armenian Princess of the Artaxiad Dynasty being the daughter of the Artaxiad Armenian Monarchs Tigranes IV and his sister-wife Erato.

paragraph: Section::::Medieval Georgian chronicles.

paragraph: Mithridates I is ignored by the medieval Georgian chronicles which instead, report a joint rule of Kartam (Kardzam) and Bartom (Bratman) – in the time when Vespasian’s destruction of Jerusalem in 70 spurred a wave of the refugee Jews to Iberia – and then of their sons – Parsman and Kaos – and grandsons – Azork and Armazel. Several modern scholars, such as Cyril Toumanoff, consider the Iberian diarchy a pure legend and a "deformed memory of the historical reign of Mithridates I". Of these royal pairs, Professor Giorgi Melikishvili identifies "Azork" as Mithridates I’s possible local name and "Armazel" as a territorial epithet, meaning in Georgian "of Armazi".

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: There is another Greek inscription found in Rome. This Epigram of Amazaspos names Amazaspus as brother of King Mithridates I of Iberia. The inscription records Amazapus’s death at Nisibis, while accompanying the emperor Trajan on his Parthian campaign of 114–117.

paragraph: Some modern scholars identify Mithridates I with the King Flavius Dades, known from a single Greek inscription around the edge of the base of a large silver dish found at Armazi. The dish was part of the inventory of a rich Roman-era burial conventionally known as "the Bersoumas burial" after the high dignitary Bersoumas to whom, the inscriptions says, this piece was presented by the King Flavius Dades. There is no mention of him in the medieval Georgian written tradition and appears to be the only Roman name attested in the Iberian ruling house, evidently indicating that he held Roman citizenship. The identification of this monarch and his place in the Iberian royal dynasty remains problematic, however. Mithridates I was succeeded by his son, Amazaspus I.

wikidata_label: Mithridates I of Iberia

wikipedia_title: Mihrdat I of Iberia


text:
ì
short chronology
middle chronology
Isin
Sîn-māgir
Sîn-muballiṭ
Babylon
Rīm-Sîn I
Larsa
Ninurta
Inanna
An
Nergal
Uruk
Isin
Babylon
Rapiqum
Nippur
Enlil
Enki
Apil-Sîn
Marduk
belle letter
Sealand Dynasty
Damqi-ilišu
Simbar-Šipak

wikipedia_title:
I (cuneiform)
Short chronology
Chronology of the ancient Near East
Isin
Suen-magir
Sin-Muballit
Babylon
Rim-Sin I
Larsa
Ninurta
Inanna
Anu
Nergal
Uruk
Isin
Babylon
Rapiqum
Nippur
Enlil
Enki
Apil-Sin
Marduk
Belles-lettres
Sealand Dynasty
Sealand Dynasty
Simbar-shipak

paragraph: Damiq-ilishu

paragraph: Damiq-ilīšu, inscribed "da-mi-iq ì-lí-šu", c. 1752 – 1730 BC (short chronology) or c. 1816 – 1794 BC (middle chronology) was the 15th and final king of Isin. He succeeded his father Sîn-māgir and reigned for 23 years. Some variant king lists provide a shorter reign, but it is thought that these were under preparation during his rule. He was defeated first by Sîn-muballiṭ of Babylon (c. 1748 – 1729 BC) and then later by Rīm-Sîn I of Larsa (c. 1758 – 1699 BC).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His standard inscription characterizes him as the "farmer who piles up the produce (of the land) in granaries." Four royal inscriptions are extant including cones celebrating the building of the wall of Isin, naming him as “Damiq-ilišu is the favorite of the god Ninurta” also recollected in a year-name and “suitable for the office of "en" priest befitting the goddess Inanna.” Construction of a storehouse "e-me-sikil", “house with pure "mes" (rites?)”, for the god Mardu, son of the god An. A cone records the construction of a temple, the "é-ki-tuš-bi-du", “House – its residence is good,” possibly for the deity Nergal of Uṣarpara. There is also a palace inscription and a copy of a dedication to Nergal of Apiak on a votive lion sculpture.

paragraph: An outline of the political events can be gleaned from an examination of the year names of the rival kingdoms. Rīm-Sîn’s year 14 (c. 1744 BC) records “Year the armies of Uruk, Isin, Babylon, Sutum, Rapiqum, and of Irdanene, the king of Uruk, were smitten with weapons.” This victory over a grand coalition seems to have awakened in Rīm-Sîn imperial ambitions. Damiq-ilišu’s year 13 (c. 1739 BC) records the “Year in which (Damiq-ilišu) built the great city wall of Isin (called) 'Damiq-ilišu-hegal’ (Damiq-ilišu is abundance)”. The holy city of Nippur seems to have been wrestled from the control of Larsa around 1749 BC by Damiq-ilīšu who held it until Rīm-Sîn reclaimed it around 1737 BC, the year he “destroyed Uruk,” based upon the dating of documents found there. Sin-muballit’s year 13 (c. 1735 BC) is called “Year the troops and the army of Larsa were smitten by weapons.” Rīm-Sîn’s year 25 (c. 1733 BC) is named “Year the righteous shepherd Rim-Sin with the powerful help of An, Enlil, and Enki seized the "city of Damiq-ilišu", brought its inhabitants who had helped Isin as prisoners to Larsa, and established his triumph greater than before.” This setback seems to have crippled the tottering Isin state enabling Sîn-muballiṭ of Babylon to pillage the city in 1732 BC, during his year 16.

paragraph: Rīm-Sîn’s year 29 (1729) recalls “Year in which Rīm-Sîn the righteous shepherd with the help of the mighty strength of An, Enlil, and Enki seized in one day Dunnum the largest city of Isin and submitted to his orders all the drafted soldiers but he did not remove the population from its dwelling place.” His year 30 (c. 1728 BC) reads “Year Rīm-Sîn the true shepherd with the strong weapon of An, Enlil, and Enki seized Isin, the royal capital and the various villages, but spared the life of its inhabitants, and made great for ever the fame of his kingship.” The event was considered so significant that from then on every year-name of Rīm-Sîn was named after it: the first year after the sack of Isin until “Year 31 after he seized Isin.”

paragraph: The "Weidner Chronicle", also called the "Esagila Chronicle", is an apocryphal historiographical or supposititious letter composed in the name of Damiq-ilišu who addresses Apil-Sîn of Babylon (c. 1767 - 1749 BC) discussing the merits of offerings made to Marduk on their donors. There is also a belle letter from Damiq-ilīšu to the god Nuska. He seems to have become something of a folk-hero, because later kings hark back to him and describe themselves as his successor. The Sealand Dynasty seems to have considered itself the inheritor of the neo-Sumerian beacon and the 3rd king, Damqi-ilišu, even took his name. The founder of the 2nd Sealand Dynasty, Simbar-Šipak (c. 1025-1008 BC), was described as “soldier of the dynasty of Damiq-ilišu,” in a historical chronicle.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Damiq-ilišu year names at CDLI

paragraph: Section::::References.

wikidata_label: Damiq-ilishu

wikipedia_title: Damiq-ilishu


text:
Thanet
Wesleyan
Richard Hobbs
Auckland
Wesleyan
lay preacher
Van Dieman's land
Paihia
Kaeo
Māori
Ngati Pou
Bay of Islands
Hokianga
Mangungu
Horeke
Tonga
Pipiriki
Wanganui
Book of Job
Robert Maunsell's
Old Testament

categories: Methodist missionaries in New Zealand,1800 births,Interpreters,People from Thanet (district),19th-century translators,1883 deaths,English emigrants to New Zealand,New Zealand artists

paragraph: John Hobbs (missionary)

paragraph: John Hobbs (22 February 1800 – 24 June 1883) was a New Zealand missionary, artisan and interpreter.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: John Hobbs was born in Thanet, Kent, England, on 22 February 1800. He was the son of Richard Hobbs, a coachbuilder and Wesleyan preacher. In 1827 he married Jane Broggreff of Kent, and had five daughters and two sons. One of his sons was MP Richard Hobbs. He died in 1883 in Auckland and was buried in Grafton Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Missionary work.

paragraph: In 1816, John Hobbs joined the Wesleyan Church. He became a lay preacher, like his father, three years later. At the end of 1822, Hobbs emigrated to Van Dieman's land in Tasmania, Australia to do missionary work among the convicts. Shortly after his arrival in 1823, however, he was persuaded to offer his services to the New Zealand Mission instead. He arrived in Paihia, New Zealand, on 3 August 1823, and proceeded to begin his mission at Wesleydale, the Wesleyan mission at Kaeo.

paragraph: Hobbs' ability to communicate with the Māori people in their tongue made him popular amongst the Māori population and became "unofficial counsellor to several influential chiefs". Even with Hobbs' help, the Ngati Pou chief of Whangaroa, Te Ara (George), found it difficult to protect the mission in Wesleydale. After Te Ara's death in 1827, the missionaries in the area were forced to flee to the Bay of Islands after hostile natives attacked the station. Hobbs returned to Sydney, Australia, and was ordained.

paragraph: Wesleyan authorities in Sydney were unwilling to abandon their missionary efforts in New Zealand, and established a new mission in the Hokianga district where thriving European businesses already existed. They placed Hobbs in charge of establishing the new station, and he arrived with an advance party in Hokianga on 31 October 1827. He helped establish a mission station at Mangungu, near Horeke. He spent five years in Tonga, from 1833 to 1838, then returned to Mangungu.

paragraph: In 1848, Hobbs assisted his son-in-law in establishing a new mission station at Pipiriki in the Wanganui district. On the way, the ship Hobbs was travelling on was wrecked in a storm, and from the experience, Hobbs became deafened which later made him incapable of active duty. He spent the years 1855–1856 resting at the Three Kings institution, and then retired from the mission.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: John Hobbs was greatly admired for his versatility in mechanical matters. He was called upon to tend to the sick, and his relationship with the Maori population was relatively successful due to his ability to speak their language fluently. He assisted in translating the Book of Job into Māori and was one of the three members on the committee that revised Robert Maunsell's translation of the Old Testament into Māori.

description: Missionary, artisan, interpreter

wikidata_label: John Hobbs

wikipedia_title: John Hobbs (missionary)


text:
William Curtis
Flora Londinensis
Victoria and Albert Museum
Dublin
Bermondsey
Parliament
Bury
Lancashire
House of Commons
Bill
Carlisle
Aberdeen
Manchester
Lancashire

categories: Scientific illustrators,1818 deaths,1745 births,Botanical illustrators,British textile designers

paragraph: William Kilburn

paragraph: William Kilburn (1745–1818) was an illustrator for William Curtis' Flora Londinensis, as well as a leading designer and printer of calico. A few hundred originals of his water colour designs make up the "Kilburn Album", housed at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

paragraph: William Kilburn was born in Dublin in 1745. He was the son of a Dublin architect, Samuel Kilburn (d.1770), and was an apprentice to a calico printer, but spent his spare time engraving and sketching. He moved to Bermondsey after his father's death, and found living quarters near Curtis's nursery. Within a short while his skills were being used in the "Flora Londinensis", for which he provided life-sized preparatory watercolours and thirty-one signed etchings. An engraved, illustrated trade card for the gardener Thomas Greening in the British Museum, London, further attests to Kilburn’s activity in this medium. He soon returned to calico printing, becoming financially successful.

paragraph: Kilburn was the chief petitioner in March 1787, requesting Parliament for design copyright protection in the textile industry. At that time Kilburn was a calico printer at Wallington in Surrey. Ralph Yates, who was a London warehouseman, regularly sold Kilburn's designs to the firm of Peel & Co. in Bury in Lancashire, who would copy the design and produce a cheaper fabric that appeared in shops within a few days. Consequently, the House of Commons proposed a Bill to control the plagiarism, a step meeting furious objections from Carlisle, Aberdeen, Manchester and Lancashire, who felt that their trade would collapse. The bill was passed in May 1787 ""An Act for the Encouragement of the Arts of designing and printing Linens, Cottons, Callicoes and Muslins by vesting the Properties thereof in the Designers, Printers, Proprietors for a limited Time."" This "limited Time" was a period of two months from the date of first publishing.

paragraph: Many of Kilburn's works are available for viewing at The Victoria and Albert Museum, in South Kensington, London. An archive of Kilburn patterns are also available from the online V&A archives.

description: illustrator, designer and printer of calico

wikidata_label: William Kilburn

wikipedia_title: William Kilburn


text:
Berlin
French Ambassador to Turkey

categories: 1956 deaths,1899 births,Ambassadors of France to Turkey,People from Reims

paragraph: Jacques Tarbé de Saint-Hardouin

paragraph: Jacques Tarbé de Saint-Hardouin (1899-1956) was a French diplomat.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Jacques Tarbé de Saint-Hardouin was born on December 5, 1899. His father was Georges Tarbé de Saint-Hardouin and his mother, Renée Étienne.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He served as a diplomat in Berlin in 1948. He warned that the Soviet Union might try to expel Westerners from Berlin.

paragraph: He served as the French Ambassador to Turkey from 1952 to 1955.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on September 25, 1956 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris.

description: French diplomat

wikidata_label: Jacques Tarbé de Saint-Hardouin

wikipedia_title: Jacques Tarbé de Saint-Hardouin


text:
Rome
Virginio Cesarini
Galileo Galilei
Rome
letter
referendarius utriusque signaturae
patron
Benedetto Castelli
thermoscope
Castelli
Giovanni Ciampoli
St. Aloysius Gonzaga
Roman College
Ferdinand II
Federico Sforza

categories: 1604 births,Italian poets,1646 deaths,Italian nobility,Italian physicists

paragraph: Ferdinando Cesarini

paragraph: Ferdinando Cesarini (c. 1606–1646) was an Italian poet and physicist

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Rome in a noble family. Brother of the better-known Virginio Cesarini (1596–1624) to whom Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) addressed "Il Saggiatore" [The Assayer] (Rome, 1623) in the form of a letter. Ferdinando Cesarini, as a "referendarius utriusque signaturae" and patron, corresponded with Benedetto Castelli (1577/8-1643), who described the Galilean thermoscope to him in a letter of September 20, 1638.

paragraph: Father Castelli also invited him to spread the "Discorso sulla calamita" [Discourse on the loadstone], also dedicated to Cesarini, within a limited circle of "trust" people. Fundamental was the ascending of Cesarini, who pushed Castelli to turn his thoughts around the most "noble fields of the philosophizing".

paragraph: Cesarini also had contacts with Giovanni Ciampoli, who presented him in a poem and with whom, in the late nineteenth century, he was counted among the prelates of his era inclined "to promote the progress of science".

paragraph: As a poet he mostly distinguished himself in the satirical poetry; he was also the author of a Latin oration in memory of St. Aloysius Gonzaga that he declaimed, fifteen, in the presence of several cardinals, and of a Latin poem, recited in Jesuits' Roman College, for the election of the Emperor Ferdinand II.

paragraph: Cesarini died at age forty-two, leaving as his executor and heir Cardinal Federico Sforza.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De beato Aloysio Gonzaga oratio Romae habita ab illustriss. Ferdinando Caesarini ducis fratre" (1618)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gratulatio Ferdinando Cæsari dicta a Ferdinando Cæsarini Ducis fratre in Collegio Romano Soci. Iesu" (1619)

wikidata_label: Ferdinando Cesarini

wikipedia_title: Ferdinando Cesarini


text: abbess

text: Essen

text: abbess

text: Charles IV

paragraph: Elisabeth of Nassau-Hadamar

paragraph: Elisabeth Countess of Nassau-Hadamar (died 30 December 1412) was an abbess in Essen. After some conflict, she was accepted as ruler of the city.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Elisabeth was the daughter of Count Johann of Nassau-Hadamar and the Countess Elisabeth of Waldeck, daughter of Count Henry IV of Waldeck. The year of her birth is unknown. She was the eighth of ten children. Because of her aristocratic origin, she had the possibility to join the chapter of nuns in Essen. In 1370 she was elected there as abbess. In the 14th century, the abbesses were sovereigns at the same time. To avoid electing a stranger, electoral capitulations were inaugurated. The oldest preserved capitulation of the chapter dates back to the year of Elisabeth’s election.

paragraph: Elisabeth’s time as abbess contained attritions and complications. In contrast to her predecessors, she demanded the homage of the council and the citizens. In addition, she claimed the swearing-in of the citizen judge in front of the chapter of nuns. Although this act had been codified in the capitulation of the chapter she had signed, normally it wasn’t implemented. As a result, the city created an own municipal court. Because of the quarrel getting worse, Elisabeth had her rule of the city confirmed by the emperor Charles IV in 1372. Only five years later, the city achieved independence and an imperial municipal charter autonomous of the chapter of nuns. The two documents were not incompatible.

paragraph: A first agreement was achieved in 1399, in the so-called letter of divorce. Elisabeth got the regalia. Nevertheless, she wasn’t allowed to demand any more swearing-ins. The city got its self-administration. Due to this letter, the secularization of the city from the chapter of nuns took place.

paragraph: During her tenure, Elisabeth was responsible for many new- and reconstruction works on the cathedral of Essen, which were already begun under her predecessors. She died on 30 December 1412 after a tenure of 12 years and was buried in the cathedral.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Küppers-Braun, Ute: Macht in Frauenhand. 1000 Jahre adeliger Frauen in Essen (Essen 2002).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schwennicke, Detlev (Hrsg.): Europäische Stammtafeln NF 1 (Marburg 1980), T. 70.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stahl, Karl Josef: Hadamar, Stadt und Schloß. Eine Heimatgeschichte (Hadamar 1974).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elisabeth Countess of Nassau-Hadamar on Lagis

description: German abbess

wikidata_label: Elisabeth of Nassau-Hadamar

wikipedia_title: Elisabeth of Nassau-Hadamar


text:
Italian
Arezzo
law
University of Pisa
Guido Grandi
abbot
mathematics
science
physics
medicine
astronomy
University of Bologna
Greek literature
University of Padua
Tuscan government
Arcetri
Galileo
Villa Il Gioiello

categories: 1704 births,Scientific instrument makers,Italian astronomers

paragraph: Tommaso Perelli

paragraph: Tommaso Perelli (1704–1783) was an Italian astronomer.

paragraph: Born into a noble family of Arezzo, Perelli was encouraged by his father to study law at the University of Pisa, but Guido Grandi (1671–1742), an abbot who was teaching mathematics there, steered him toward science. When his father died, Perelli abandoned the study of law for good. He decided to get a degree in physics and medicine. He studied astronomy and medicine at the University of Bologna, and Greek literature at the University of Padua. He was then appointed by the Tuscan government to the chair in astronomy at the University of Pisa, where he became a noted astronomer and hydraulics expert. He was the first to identify the hill of Arcetri, near Galileo's (1564–1642) last home, Villa Il Gioiello, as ideal location for astronomical observations.

wikidata_label: Tommaso Perelli

wikipedia_title: Tommaso Perelli


text:
Roman Catholic
Spain

categories: 1931 births,2016 deaths,Spanish Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Luis Gutiérrez Martín

paragraph: Luis Gutiérrez Martín (26 November 1931 – 22 June 2016) was a Roman Catholic bishop.

paragraph: Ordained to the priesthood in 1957, Gutiérrez Martín was appointed auxiliary bishop in 1988 of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid, Spain. He then served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Segovia from 1995 to 2007.

description: Spanish priest

wikidata_label: Luis Gutiérrez Martín

wikipedia_title: Luis Gutiérrez Martín


text:
Conseil d'État
guillotine
prefet
Sarthe
departments
Conseil d'État
Legion of Honor
Coulans-sur-Gée

categories: Members of the Conseil d'État (France),People from Paris,Prefects of Sarthe,1774 births,Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur,1858 deaths

paragraph: Jules-Paul Pasquier

paragraph: Jules-Paul Pasquier (1774–1858) was a French member of the Conseil d'État.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Jules-Paul Pasquier was born on 25 January 1774 in Paris. His father, Etienne Pasquier, was guillotined during the French Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He served as the prefet of the Sarthe departments from 1814 to 1818. He served as a member of the Conseil d'État.

paragraph: He became a Commandeur of the Legion of Honor in 1844.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on 28 December 1858. He was buried in Coulans-sur-Gée.

description: French jurist (1774-1858)

wikidata_label: Jules Pasquier

wikipedia_title: Jules-Paul Pasquier


text: Russian Imperial Army

text: World War I

text: White movement

text: Civil War

text: court official

text: General Staff Academy

text: Life Guards Regiment

text: Turkestan Military District

text: lieutenant colonel

text: Pamir Expedition

text: colonel

text: Russo-Japanese War

text: Battle of Sandepu

text: Battle of Mukden

text: major general

text: Quartermaster

text: Caucasus Military District

text: Chief of staff

text: Kazan

text: Russian Caucasus Army

text: Battle of Sarikamish

text: Enver Pasha

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov

text: Caucasus Campaign

text: Lake Van

text: Siege of Van

text: Van

text: 3rd Army

text: Grand Duke Nicholas

text: Administration for Western Armenia

text: offensive

text: Battle of Erzurum (1916)

text: Trebizond Campaign

text: Battle of Erzincan

text: Mustafa Kemal

text: Order of St. George

text: February Revolution

text: Caucasus Front

text: Russian Provisional Government

text: Alexander Kerensky

text: Tbilisi

text: Petrograd

text: Kornilov Revolt

text: October Revolution

text: Bolshevik

text: Pamirs

text: Finland

text: Helsinki

text: White movement

text: Stockholm

text: Aleksandr Kolchak

text: Omsk

text: Baltic Sea

text: Tallinn

text: Aleksandr Rodzyanko

text: attacking Petrograd

text: Estonian High Command

text: Estonia

text: counterrevolutionary

text: Regional Government of Northwest Russia

text: Menshevik

text: tank

text: Great Britain

text: launched his army

text: Red Army

text: Siberia

text: Cossack

text: Ukraine

text: Mannerheim

text: Ståhlberg

text: Finnish White Guards

text: Triple Entente

text: Yamburg

text: Gatchina

text: Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway

text: Revolutionary Military Council

text: Estonia

text: General Bułak-Bałachowicz

text: Estonian Police

text: Saint-Laurent-du-Var

text: Nice

text: French Riviera

text: Order of St. Stanislaus

text: Order of St. Anne

text: Order of St. Stanislaus

text: Order of St. Anne

text: Order of St Vladimir

text: Order of St Vladimir

text: Order of St. Stanislaus

text: Gold Sword for Bravery

text: Order of St. Anne

text: Order of St Vladimir

text: Order of St. George

text: Order of St. George

text: Order of St. George

categories: Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class,People from Moscow Governorate,Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery,White movement generals,Imperial Russian emigrants to France,Russian anti-communists,People of the Russian Civil War,Russian military personnel of World War I,Imperial Russian Army generals,Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 1st class,Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree,1862 births,Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class,White Russian emigrants to Finland,White Russian emigrants to France,Russian exiles,Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree,People from Moscow,1933 deaths,Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War,Russian Provisional Government generals

paragraph: Nikolai Yudenich

paragraph: Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich (July 30 1862 - October 1933) was a commander of the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was a leader of the anti-communist White movement in Northwestern Russia during the Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Yudenich was born in Moscow, where his father was a minor court official. Yudenich graduated from the Alexandrovsky Military College in 1881 and the General Staff Academy in 1887. He first served with the Life Guards Regiment in Lithuania from November 1889 to December 1890. In January 1892, he was transferred to the Turkestan Military District, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in April 1892. He was a member of the Pamir Expedition in 1894, and was promoted to colonel in 1896. From September 20, 1900 Yudenich served on the staff of the 1st Turkestan Rifle Brigade.

paragraph: In 1902, Yudenich was appointed commander of the 18th Infantry Regiment, which he continued to command during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. He was wounded in the arm during the Battle of Sandepu, and wounded in the neck during the Battle of Mukden. At the end of the war, he was promoted to major general.

paragraph: Subsequently, from February 1907, Yudenich served as Quartermaster of the General Staff of the Caucasus Military District. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1912, and served as Chief of staff at Kazan, followed by the Caucasus Military District in 1913.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:World War I.

paragraph: At the beginning of World War I Yudenich was appointed Chief of Staff of the Russian Caucasus Army. Major operations included the Battle of Sarikamish, a victory against Enver Pasha of the Ottoman Empire. In January 1915, Yudenich was promoted to General of Infantry, and replaced Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov as commander of the Caucasus Campaign. Yudenich tried to exploit the Turkish defeat by attacking into Turkish territory, specifically around Lake Van during the Siege of Van. While the Russians did capture Van in May 1915, they were forced to withdraw from the city two months later. The Ottoman 3rd Army re-occupied Van in August.

paragraph: At this time, Grand Duke Nicholas, having been removed from command of all of Russia's armies, was put in charge of the Caucasus region. Yudenich was given a free hand by the Grand Duke and, in September, the Russians retook Van and re-established the Administration for Western Armenia in June 1916. Fighting back and forth around this region continued for the next 14 months without a clear victory for either side.

paragraph: In 1916 Yudenich successfully carried out an offensive, winning the Battle of Erzurum (1916) and the Trebizond Campaign. In the summer of that year, his forces fought off a Turkish counter-attack culminating in the Battle of Erzincan (which included the presence of Turkish General Mustafa Kemal). During this battle, Yudenich was awarded the Order of St. George (2nd degree), the final time this decoration was awarded in the Russian Empire.

paragraph: Following the February Revolution, in 1917 Yudenich was appointed commander of the Caucasus Front, but in May the Russian Provisional Government removed him from command for insubordination, and on the direct orders from Alexander Kerensky, he retired from the army. Yudenich then relocated from Tbilisi to Petrograd, where he supported the Kornilov Revolt.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:White Army.

paragraph: Following the October Revolution of 1917, Yudenich went into hiding from the Bolsheviks, sheltered by a former sergeant of the Life Guards of Lithuania, who had served with Yudenich from his time in the Pamirs. He managed to escape to exile in Finland in January 1919. In Helsinki, Yudenich joined the "Russian Committee", which had formed in November 1918 to oppose the Bolsheviks, and was proclaimed leader of the White movement in northwest Russia with absolute powers. In the spring of 1919 Yudenich visited Stockholm, where he met with diplomatic representatives of Great Britain, France and the United States, trying with limited success to obtain assistance in developing a Russian volunteer corps to fight the Bolsheviks.

paragraph: In June 1919 Yudenich made contact with Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak's All-Russian Government based in Omsk, which subsequently acknowledged him as commander-in-chief of all Russian armed forces operating against the Bolsheviks in the Baltic Sea and in northwest Russia. Kolchak also provided much-needed funds to pay and equip his forces. In June 1919 Yudenich went to Tallinn to meet with General Aleksandr Rodzyanko, the commander of the White Russian Northern Army, attacking Petrograd formally under the Estonian High Command. Yudenich appointed Rodzyanko as his aide.

paragraph: In August 1919, under pressure from the British government, "ad hoc" in order to issue a legally binding guarantee of the independence of his key ally Estonia, Yudenich was forced to create the counterrevolutionary "Regional Government of Northwest Russia", which included Monarchists, Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks. Yudenich served as Minister of War and spent the next two months organizing and training his army. By September 1919 Yudenich had a fairly well-organized army of approximately 17,000 troops, with 53 guns and six tanks. The six tanks were supplied by Great Britain, together with their volunteer crews, who were the only British ground troops to fight alongside the Northwestern Army.

paragraph: In early October 1919, Yudenich launched his army against Petrograd, which was only lightly defended as the Red Army was actively engaged on several other fronts: fighting Kolchak's forces in Siberia and several Cossack armies in the Ukraine. Yudenich's friend from the Imperial Russian Army, General Mannerheim, asked the president of Finland, Ståhlberg, to join Yudenich's force and attack Petrograd with help from the Finnish White Guards. Yudenich would have recognized Finland's independence and the country's pro-Triple Entente relationships would be recognized. As Kolchak (nominally the leader of the White Armies) would not recognize Finland's independence, Stålhberg denied Mannerheim's request. Overall, the Northwestern Army was nationalistic and patriotic and thus rejected ethnic particularism and separatism. The Northwestern Army generally believed in a united multinational Russia, and opposed separatists wanting to create nation-states.

paragraph: On 12 October 1919, the Whites retook Yamburg. Two days later Yudenich was approaching Gatchina. On 19 October 1919 his troops reached the outskirts of Petrograd; however his forces failed to secure the vital Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway, which allowed the Revolutionary Military Council to send in massive reinforcements to prevent the fall of the city. Yudenich's stalled offensive collapsed in late October, and the 7th and 15th Red Armies repulsed the White Russian troops back into Estonia in November. Distrustful of the White Russians, the Estonian High Command disarmed and interned the remains of Northwestern Army which retreated behind Estonian lines. Politically, the Bolsheviks secured a separate armistice with Estonia on 3 January, by promising to recognize Estonian independence (an offer contrary to the White Army and Kolchak government position). On 28 January 1920 General Bułak-Bałachowicz, together with several Russian officers and the Estonian Police, arrested Yudenich as he tried to escape to western Europe with Northwestern Army funds. A large amount of money was found with him (roughly 227,000 British pounds, 250,000 Estonian marks and 110,000,000 Finnish marks) these funds were confiscated and distributed to the soldiers of the disbanded White army as a final salary. Diplomatic pressure from Great Britain and France soon led to Yudenich's release from prison.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: After his release, Yudenich departed for exile in France. During his remaining 13 years, he played no significant role among White movement émigré community there. Yudenich died at Saint-Laurent-du-Var, near Nice on the French Riviera, on 5 October 1933.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd degree, 1889

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. Anne 3rd degree 1893

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd degree 1895

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. Anne 2nd degree 1900

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St Vladimir, 4th degree, 1904

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St Vladimir, 3rd degree with swords, 1906

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. Stanislaus 1st degree with swords, 1906

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold Sword for Bravery, 1906

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. Anne 1st degree 1909

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St Vladimir, 2nd degree with swords, 1913

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. George, 4th class, 1916

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. George, 3rd class, 1916

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. George, 2nd class, 2 February 1916

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Yudenich at First World War.com

description: Russian general

wikidata_label: Nikolai Yudenich

wikipedia_title: Nikolai Yudenich


text:
Haredi
Israel
rabbi
sefer
Talmud
Shulchan Aruch
Chumashim
Haggadah shel Pesach
Jerusalem
Etz Chaim Yeshiva
Etz Chaim Yeshiva
melamed
cheder
talmud Torah
Meah Shearim Talmud Torah
Belz
Bnei Brak
Lugano, Switzerland
Shaare Zedek Medical Center
funeral
eulogized
Shmuel Auerbach
Gamliel Rabinowitz
Har HaMenuchot

categories: Burials at Har HaMenuchot,Rabbis in Jerusalem,2014 deaths,1924 births,Haredi rabbis in Israel

paragraph: Zundel Kroizer

paragraph: Zundel Kroizer (25 November 1924 - 7 May 2014) was a Haredi Israeli rabbi and the author of "sefer Ohr Hachamah" on the entire Talmud, "Shulchan Aruch", Five "Chumashim" and the "Haggadah shel Pesach".

paragraph: He was born in Jerusalem to Rabbi Tzvi Hersh Kroizer. In his youth, he studied at the Etz Chaim Yeshiva in Jerusalem. He married the daughter of Rabbi Aharon Porush, treasurer of the Etz Chaim Yeshiva and author of "Ephah Sh'lemah" on the Talmud.

paragraph: Over the years, he served as "melamed" at various "cheders" and "talmud Torahs" including the Meah Shearim Talmud Torah and the "cheder" of Belz in Bnei Brak. He once spent a year establishing a school in Lugano, Switzerland.

paragraph: During the last 25 years of his life, he was employed by the in Jerusalem to answer the students' questions.

paragraph: He died in May 2014 at Shaare Zedek Medical Center. At his funeral, he was eulogized by several rabbis, including Rabbis Shmuel Auerbach and Gamliel Rabinowitz. He was interred on Har HaMenuchot.

description: Israeli rabbi

wikidata_label: Zundel Kroizer

wikipedia_title: Zundel Kroizer


text:
Koblenz
Rhine Province
Diez an der Lahn
Expressionist
Koblenz
siege of Verdun
Nazi
United States
Dietz
Kleist Prize
Grillparzer Prize
Wilhelm Raabe Prize
Goethe Prize
Goethe Award
Carl von Ossietzky Medal
Fritz von Unruh Papers
Syracuse University Library
Fritz von Unruh
Encyclopædia Britannica Online

categories: German untitled nobility,1885 births,German pacifists,German Expressionist writers,Republican Party of Germany politicians,1970 deaths,Writers from Rhineland-Palatinate,Kleist Prize winners,People from the Rhine Province,German military personnel of World War I,People from Koblenz

paragraph: Fritz von Unruh

paragraph: Fritz von Unruh (; 10 May 1885 in Koblenz, Rhine Province – 28 November 1970 in Diez an der Lahn) was a German Expressionist dramatist, poet, and novelist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Unruh was born in Koblenz, Germany. A general's son, he was an officer in the German army until 1912, when he left to pursue his writing career. Two of his earliest important works, the play "Offiziere" ("Officers"; 1911) and the poem "Vor der Entscheidung" ("Before the Decision"; 1914) established his anti-war beliefs and his belief that the social order must be based not on authority, but on the integrity and responsibility of the individual towards humanity. Unruh's works were anti-militaristic and called for world peace and brotherhood. Some of his more notable works include "Der Opfergang" ("Way of Sacrifice"), a powerful anti-war piece written during the siege of Verdun and published in 1919, "Ein Geschlecht" ("A Family"; 1916) and its sequel "Platz" (1920), and "Heinrich von Andernach" (1925).

paragraph: Unruh was a staunch opponent of the Nazi Party and wrote several works warning of the consequences of Nazi dictatorship, including "Bonaparte" (1927), "Berlin in Monte Carlo" (1931), and "Zero" (1932). He left Germany for France in 1932, later immigrating to the United States. He finally returned to Germany in 1962 and died in the town of Dietz at age 85.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 Kleist Prize for "Louis Ferdinand Prinz von Preußen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 Grillparzer Prize

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 Wilhelm Raabe Prize

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 Goethe Prize of the City Frankfurt am Main Stadt Frankfurt am Main

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 Goethe Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 Carl von Ossietzky Medal

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Dramas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jürgen Wullenweber", 1908

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Offiziere", 1911

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Louis Ferdinand Prinz von Preußen", 1913

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ein Geschlecht", Tragödie, 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Platz", 1920 (Fortsetzung von "Ein Geschlecht")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stürme", Schauspiel, 1922

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rosengarten", 1923

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bonaparte", Schauspiel, 1927

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Phaea", Komödie, 1930

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zero", Komödie, 1932

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gandha", 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlotte Corday", 1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miss Rollschuh", 1941

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Befreiungsminister", 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wilhelmus", 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duell an der Havel", Schauspiel, 1954

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bismarck oder Warum steht der Soldat da?", 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Odysseus auf Ogygia", Schauspiel, 1968

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Novels.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Opfergang", 1918

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der nie verlor", 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Heilige", 1952

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fürchtet nichts", 1952

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Sohn des Generals", 1957

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Lectures.

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Vaterland und Freiheit. Eine Ansprache an die deutsche Jugend",1923

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Politeia", hrsg. von Ernst Adolf Dreyer, 1933

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Europa erwache!", gehalten am Europa-Tag in Basel, 1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Friede auf Erden! Peace o Earth!", Frankfurt/M., 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Rede an die Deutschen", Geleitwort von Eugen Kogon, 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Seid wachsam", Goethe-Rede, Frankfurt/M., 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Universitätsrede", in: Was da ist. Kunst und Literatur in Frankfurt/M.,1952

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Schillerrede", hrsg. von der Fritz von Unruh-Gesellschaft, Gießen, 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Mächtig seid ihr nicht in Waffen", Begleitwort von Albert Einstein, 1957

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Mahnruf zum Frieden", in: Konkret 7(1961), 1960

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Wir wollen Frieden", Geleitwort von Hanns Martin Elster, 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Sport und Politik", Appell an die Jugend in aller Welt, 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Die Lebendigen rufe ich ", mit Beitrag von Johannes Urzidil, 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Rede an die Frankfurter Jugend", hrsg. vom DGB, Kreisausschuss Frankfurt/M., 1964

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vor der Entscheidung", 1914

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flügel der Nike. Buch einer Reise", 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meine Begegnungen mit Trotzki", 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Friede in USA? Ein Traum", 1967

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fritz von Unruh Papers at Syracuse University Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fritz von Unruh at "Encyclopædia Britannica Online"

description: German writer

wikidata_label: Fritz von Unruh

wikipedia_title: Fritz von Unruh


text: Sunni Muslim

text: saints

text: Sunni Muslim

text: mystic

text: Badawiyyah

text: order

text: Sufism

text: Fes

text: Tanta

text: Egypt

text: visitation

text: Arab

text: Sunni Muslim

text: Rifa'iyya

text: spiritual order

text: Shafi'i

text: mystic

text: jurist

text: Ahmed al-Rifa'i

text: teacher

text: Mecca

text: Iraq

text: miracles

text: Tanta

text: Egypt

text: Prophet Muhammad

text: Companions

text: Ali

text: Ibrahim El-Desouki

text: Pilgrimage/Carnival photos by BBC

text: A short biography

categories: Moroccan Sufis,1276 deaths,Muslim saints,Moroccan emigrants to Egypt,Egyptian people of Moroccan descent,13th-century Moroccan people,Sunni Muslims,People from Fez, Morocco,1200 births,Moroccan religious leaders

paragraph: Ahmad al-Badawi

paragraph: Aḥmad al-Badawī ( ), also known as Al-Sayyid al-Badawī (, ), or as al-Badawī for short, or reverentially as Shaykh al-Badawī by all those Sunni Muslims who venerate saints, was a 13th-century Moroccan Sunni Muslim mystic who became famous as the founder of the Badawiyyah order of Sufism. Originally hailing from Fes, al-Badawi eventually settled for good in Tanta, Egypt in 1236, whence he developed a posthumous reputation as "Egypt's greatest saint." As al-Badawi is perhaps "the most popular of Muslim saints in Egypt", his tomb has remained a "major site of visitation" for Muslims in the region.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: According to several medieval chronicles, al-Badawi hailed from an Arab tribe of Syrian origin. A Sunni Muslim by persuasion, al-Badawi entered the Rifa'iyya spiritual order (founded by the renowned Shafi'i mystic and jurist Ahmed al-Rifa'i [d. 1182]) in his early life, being initiated into the order at the hands of a particular Iraqi teacher. After a trip to Mecca, al-Badawi is said to have travelled to Iraq, "where his sainthood [is believed to have] clearly manifested itself" through the miracles he is said to have performed. Eventually, al-Badawi went to Tanta, Egypt, where settled for good in 1236. According to the various traditional biographies of the saint's life, al-Badawi gathered forty disciples around him during this period, who are collectively said to have "dwelt on the city’s rooftop terraces," whence his spiritual order were informally christened the "roof men" ("aṣḥāb al-saṭḥ") in the vernacular. Al-Badawi died in Tanta in 1276, being seventy-six years old.

paragraph: Section::::Spiritual lineage.

paragraph: As with every other major Sufi order, the Badawiyya proposes an unbroken spiritual chain of transmitted knowledge going back to the Prophet Muhammad through one of his Companions, which in the Badawiyya's case is Ali (d. 661).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ibrahim El-Desouki, a contemporary Sufi.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-Imām Nūruddīn Al-Halabī Al-Ahmadī, "Sīrah Al-Sayyid Ahmad Al-Badawī", Published by Al-Maktabah Al-Azhariyyah Li Al-Turāth, Cairo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayeur-Jaouen, Catherine, "Al-Sayyid Ahmad Al-Badawi: Un Grand Saint De L'islam egyptien", Published by Institut francais d'archeologie orientale du Caire

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pilgrimage/Carnival photos by BBC

paragraph: BULLET::::- A short Egyptian documentary on the Mawlid of Al-Sayyid Ahmad al-Badawi

paragraph: BULLET::::- A short biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egypt: Handbook for Travellers : Part First, Lower Egypt, with the Fayum and the Peninsula of Sinai by Karl Baedeker (1885)

description: Muslim founder of the Badawiyyah Sufi order

wikidata_label: Ahmad al-Badawi

wikipedia_title: Ahmad al-Badawi


text:
Celtic
folk rock
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Jane Yolen
folk rock
Cats Laughing
Steven Brust
Emma Bull
Boiled in Lead
Antler Dance
Steven Brust
Songs from The Gypsy
CD
The Gypsy
Megan Lindholm
A Rose for Iconoclastes
Irish band
Celtic
Minicon
Tor Books
Jane Yolen
Locus Award for Best Young Adult Book
historical whodunnit
feudal Japan
samurai
historical fiction
Paradox
Pre-Joycean Fellowship
Bootleg Issue
Another Way to Travel
Antler Dance
Songs from The Gypsy
Paradox

categories: American rock singers,American rock guitarists,Writers from Minneapolis,21st-century American male writers,Guitarists from Minnesota,American male novelists,21st-century American novelists,American fantasy writers,Novelists from Minnesota,Living people,American male guitarists

paragraph: Adam Stemple

paragraph: Adam Stemple is a Celtic-influenced American folk rock musician, based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He is also the author of several fantasy short stories and novels, including two series of novels co-written with his mother, writer Jane Yolen.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: Stemple played guitar and sang as a member of the folk rock "rock-and-reel" band Cats Laughing from 1988 to 1996, while the band was active. The band also included notable fantasy/science fiction authors Steven Brust and Emma Bull.

paragraph: For twelve years, he was lead singer/guitarist for the band Boiled in Lead. Stemple first appeared on Boiled in Lead's 1994 album "Antler Dance". He co-wrote nine songs with science fiction and fantasy author Steven Brust on the 1995 album "Songs from The Gypsy", released as an enhanced CD. The CD has the distinction of including the full text of the novel "The Gypsy", which Brust co-authored with Megan Lindholm and upon which the songs were based.

paragraph: Stemple also produced and performed on Steven Brust's solo album "A Rose for Iconoclastes".

paragraph: Stemple currently is with the Tim Malloys, an Irish band. Like Cats Laughing and Boiled in Lead, Stemple's current group shares musical roots that incorporate Celtic and rock styles.

paragraph: In April 2015, Stemple reunited with Cats Laughing in a concert at the Minicon science fiction convention. A live CD and DVD of the concert is expected to be released in late 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Fiction.

paragraph: Stemple's first novel, for Tor Books, was "Singer of Souls". A sequel, "Steward of Song", was published in 2008.

paragraph: With his mother, Jane Yolen, Stemple has also co-authored two series of books — the "Rock 'n Roll Fairy Tale" series, and more recently, "The Seelie Wars". The "Rock 'n Roll Fairy Tale" series began with "Pay the Piper", published in 2005 by Tor. "Pay the Piper" was the winner of the 2006 Locus Award for Best Young Adult Book.

paragraph: Stemple's short stories include a series of historical whodunnits set in feudal Japan, featuring a samurai master and apprentice as a sleuthing duo, for the historical fiction magazine "Paradox".

paragraph: Among Stemple's other published short stories, "A Piece of Flesh" was chosen as one of ten short stories included in "The Year's Best SF and Fantasy for Teens" (2005).

paragraph: Stemple was among the members of a group of writers known as the Pre-Joycean Fellowship, which included his bandmates Emma Bull and Steven Brust.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: with Cats Laughing:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bootleg Issue" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Another Way to Travel" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Long Time Gone" (forthcoming 2015)

paragraph: with Boiled in Lead:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Antler Dance" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs from The Gypsy" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alloy" (1998, compilation)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Selected short fiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Robin Hood v1.5.3," in

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Three Truths" ("Paradox", Issue 6, Winter 2004-2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Troubles" (with Jane Yolen), in

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kitsune" ("Paradox", Issue 9, Summer 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tsar's Dragons," in

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Red" (with Jane Yolen), in

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Adam Stemple

wikipedia_title: Adam Stemple


text:
Milan
cardinal
archbishop
Bishop of San Miniato
Metropolitan Archbishop of Florence
Cardinal Priest
Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore
Bishop of Pavia
Cardinals created by Innocent XII
Milan
mathematics
architecture
Barnabites

categories: Italian cardinals,1708 deaths,1633 births,Italian bishops

paragraph: Giacomo Antonio Morigia

paragraph: Jacopo Antonio Morigia oalso known as Giacomo Antonio Moriggia (Milan , 23 February 1633 – Pavia , 8 October 1708 ) was a cardinal and Italian Catholic archbishop.

paragraph: He was Bishop of San Miniato from 1 September 1681 - 15 February 1683, Metropolitan Archbishop of Florence from 15 February 1683 - 23 October 1699, Cardinal Priest of Santa Cecilia from 11 April 1698 - 8 October 1708, Archpriest of the Liberian Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore from 20 April - 28 October 1699 and also Bishop of Pavia from 24 January 1701 - 8 October 1708.

paragraph: He was one of the Cardinals created by Innocent XII.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He came from an illustrious Milanese family, and studied mathematics and architecture, and only joined the church latter in life.

paragraph: Giacomo Antonio Morigia founded the Barnabites, a society of priests who would concern themselves with the reformation of the laity and the clergy.

description: Italian bishop (1633-1708)

wikidata_label: Giacomo Antonio Morigia

wikipedia_title: Giacomo Antonio Morigia


text:
basketball
Tokio Marine Nichido Big Blue
Portland State University

categories: Gunma Crane Thunders players,Portland State Vikings men's basketball players,American men's basketball players,American expatriate basketball people in Germany,1987 births,Tokio Marine Nichido Big Blue players,Junior college men's basketball players in the United States,College of the Canyons alumni,American expatriate basketball people in Japan,Basketball players from California,Hiroshima Lightning players,Bambitious Nara players,Sportspeople from Los Angeles,Living people

paragraph: Andre Murray

paragraph: Andre Murray (born September 30, 1987) is an American professional basketball player for Tokio Marine Nichido Big Blue in Japan. Murray is a graduate of Portland State University.

description: basketball player (1987-)

wikidata_label: Andre Murray

wikipedia_title: Andre Murray


text:
Austrian Netherlands
Council of State
Great Council
Privy Council
schout
Turnhout
Brussels
Brussels Privy Council
Patrice de Nény
Joseph II
Brabant Revolution

categories: 1730s births,Presidents of the Great Council,1804 deaths

paragraph: Goswin de Fierlant

paragraph: Goswin Anne-Marie Félix de Fierlant (ca. 1735—1804) was a holder of high office in the Austrian Netherlands who served on the Council of State, as the last president of the Great Council, and briefly as Chief President of the Privy Council.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Goswin de Fierlant was born around 1735 to Guillaume de Fierlant, schout of Turnhout, and Anne-Catherine van den Broeck. He began his public career with the city council of Brussels. In 1768 he was appointed secretary to the Brussels Privy Council, and the following year became a privy councillor himself. On 28 August 1771 he married Marie-Thérèse de Nény, eldest daughter of Patrice de Nény, chief president of the Privy Council.

paragraph: By letters patent of 26 December 1773, Fierlant was appointed president of the Great Council, and the following January he was also made a Councillor of State. In 1787, during the reforms of Joseph II, he was transferred to Brussels as head of a new Council of Appeal, but when this project was abandoned he was reinstated as president of the Great Council, retaining the position throughout the political changes of the Brabant Revolution (1788—1793). In 1793, at the second Austrian restoration, he was appointed Chief President of the Privy Council. His career ended with the French invasion of 1794. He died in Brussels on 19 February 1804.

wikidata_label: Goswin de Fierlant

wikipedia_title: Goswin de Fierlant


text:
Samosata
Dolikha
Arianism
Basil the Great
Gregory Nazianzen
Meletius of Antioch
Constantius II
Julian the Apostate
Syria
Palestine
Phoenicia
Jovian
Valens
Thrace
Balkan Peninsula
Dolikha

categories: Syrian Christian saints,4th-century Christian martyrs,4th-century Romans,4th-century bishops,4th-century deaths

paragraph: Eusebius of Samosata

paragraph: Saint Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata (died c. 379, Dolikha) was a Christian martyr and opponent of Arianism. His feast day is June 21 in the Western Church and June 22 in the Eastern Church.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: All that is definitely known of Eusebius is gathered from the letters of Basil the Great and of Gregory Nazianzen, and from some incidents in the "Ecclesiastical History" of Theodoret.

paragraph: In 361 he became bishop of the ancient Syrian city of Samosata. Eusebius had been entrusted with the official record of the election (360) of Bishop St. Meletius of Antioch, who was supported by the Arian bishops, who were under the mistaken notion that he would prove sympathetic to their cause. When Meletius expounded his orthodoxy, the bishops persuaded the Roman emperor Constantius II, a staunch Arian, to extort the record from Eusebius and destroy it. Constantius threatened Eusebius with the loss of his right hand because he refused to surrender the record, but the threat was withdrawn when Eusebius offered both hands.

paragraph: It was chiefly due to the concerted efforts of Eusebius and St. Gregory Nazianzen that, in 370, St. Basil was elected Archbishop of Cæsarea in Cappadocia.

paragraph: During the persecution of orthodox Christians under Julian the Apostate, Eusebius travelled incognito through Syria, Palestine and Phoenicia disguised as a military officer, ordaining presbyters and deacons.

paragraph: Orthodox Christians experienced a short respite during the brief reign of Jovian, but in 374 the emperor Valens, an Arian, banished Eusebius to Thrace, in the Balkan Peninsula. Bishop Eusebius asked the messenger to keep the imperial order confidential saying: “If the people should be apprized, such is their zeal for the faith, that they would rise in arms against you, and your death might be laid to my charge.” Eusebius left that evening.

paragraph: After the Emperor's death in 378, Eusebius was restored to his see of Samosata. While in Dolikha to consecrate a bishop, he was killed after being struck on the head with a roof tile thrown by an Arian woman.

description: Christian martyr

wikidata_label: Eusebius of Samosata

wikipedia_title: Eusebius of Samosata


text: Vestmanna

text: Faroe Islands

text: scientific illustrator

text: Kerteminde

text: Denmark

text: Tórshavn

text: Århus

text: Tjarnö

text: Sweden

text: Postverk Føroya

categories: Faroese stamp designers,1948 births,Scientific illustrators,Women stamp designers,People from Vestmanna Municipality,Faroese women artists,Living people

paragraph: Astrid Andreasen

paragraph: Astrid Jóhanna Andreasen (born 1948 in Vestmanna, Faroe Islands) is a Faroese textile and graphical artist, marine researcher and postage stamp designer. As a scientific illustrator, she specialises in marine animals.

paragraph: Early in her career she produced illustrations for collections of her father's poetry. Then in 1968 she entered a vocational school in Kerteminde in Denmark to become a teacher of embroidery. In 1970 she took a job as a therapist in Tórshavn hospital where she worked with mentally handicapped people, teaching them embroidery and other art forms.

paragraph: From 1982 she learned scientific illustration at the Academy of Arts in Århus, and became illustrator specialising in marine animals at the Jerlesborg School in Tjarnö, Sweden in 1990. She is currently the only artist at the Faroese Natural History Museum, and has gained international recognition through illustrations she has produced for Postverk Føroya to use on many series of postage stamps.

paragraph: Section::::Stamps.

paragraph: Section::::Stamps.:Leafhoppers.

paragraph: Date of issue: 6 February 1995

paragraph: Section::::Stamps.:Raven.

paragraph: Date of issue: 12 June 1995.

paragraph: Section::::Stamps.:Invasion Birds '97.

paragraph: Date of issue: 17 February 1997.

paragraph: Section::::Stamps.:Molluscs.

paragraph: Date of issue: 11 February 2002

paragraph: Text on stamps.fo

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Molluscs]

paragraph: Section::::Stamps.:Art on posters.

paragraph: Date of issue: 14 April 2003

paragraph: Section::::Sources of information.

paragraph: Article based on information on the corresponding pages of and .

paragraph: These two pages quote the following sources:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Listasavn Føroya - Kunstmuseum der Färöer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nordlysid.com - Astrid Andreasens Corner

description: Faroese artist

wikidata_label: Astrid Andreasen

wikipedia_title: Astrid Andreasen


text: New York City

text: Sevenoaks

text: Kent

text: Cambridge University

text: Brown University

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: Berlin Prize

text: American Academy in Berlin

text: Joan Mitchell

text: Liam Gillick

text: Olympic Stadium in Munich

text: Robert Towne

text: Hamburger Bahnhof

text: Berlin

text: Palais de Tokyo

text: Paris

text: Fondation Beyeler

text: Basel

text: Museum für Moderne Kunst

text: Frankfurt

text: Museo d’Arte Moderna di Bologna

text: Biot

text: site-specific works

text: Lever House

text: Kunsthalle Bremen

text: Gloucester Road tube station

text: Ullens Center for Contemporary Art

text: Fondation Louis Vuitton

text: Museum of Contemporary Art

text: Sotheby's

text: Barbican Centre

text: Guggenheim

text: Centre Pompidou

text: origami

text: Robert J. Lang

text: crease pattern

text: Frédéric Paul

text: British Council

text: Le Consortium

text: Centre Pompidou

text: Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum

text: Dallas Museum of Art

text: Fondation Louis Vuitton

text: Government Art Collection

text: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

text: Kunsthalle Bremen

text: Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg

text: Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus

text: Miami Art Museum

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles

text: Museum of Modern Art, New York

text: Museum fur Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt

text: Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam

text: Tate Modern

text: Yale Center for British Art

text: Victoria and Albert Museum

categories: British filmmakers,21st-century English painters,British women painters,1967 births,English contemporary artists,20th-century British women artists,Living people,Brown University alumni

paragraph: Sarah Morris

paragraph: Sarah Morris (born 20 June 1967) is an American artist. She was born in the United Kingdom, and lives in New York City, in the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and education.

paragraph: Morris was born in Sevenoaks, Kent, in south-east England, on 20 June 1967. She attended Cambridge University, Brown University from 1985 to 1989, and the Whitney Museum of American Art Independent Study Program in 1989–90. In 1999–2000, she was a Berlin Prize Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin; in 2001, she received a Joan Mitchell Foundation painting award. Morris was married to artist Liam Gillick.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Morris is both a painter and filmmaker, seeing the two media as interconnected. She describes the dual processes as “two sides of the same coin”, creating the paintings and films (which reference one another visually and thematically) simultaneously.

paragraph: She is best known for her abstract paintings that feature bright colour fields and graphic line work, often referencing elements of architecture and taking titles from bureaucratic institutions.

paragraph: Morris' films have been characterized as portraits that focus on the psychology of individuals or cities. Her films about cities, like "Midtown", "Chicago", "Los Angeles", and "Rio" depict urban scenes, capturing the architecture, politics, industry and leisure which define a specific place. Other films describe a place through the viewpoint of an individual, like psychologist Dr. George Sieber describing the terrorist event at the Olympic Stadium in Munich in the film "1972" or the industry politics of Hollywood from the viewpoint of screenwriter and producer in the eponymous film Robert Towne.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Exhibitions.

paragraph: Morris has shown internationally, with solo exhibitions at Hamburger Bahnhof in Berlin (2001), Palais de Tokyo in Paris (2005), Fondation Beyeler in Basel (2008), Museum für Moderne Kunst in Frankfurt (2009), Museo d’Arte Moderna di Bologna (2009), and in Biot (2012).

paragraph: She has created site-specific works for various institutions including the Lever House, Kunsthalle Bremen in Germany and the Gloucester Road tube station in London.

paragraph: Morris' films have been featured at the following:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ullens Center for Contemporary Art in Beijing (Entire filmography),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fondation Louis Vuitton in Paris ("Strange Magic"),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago ("Chicago"),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sotheby's in New York ("Points on a Line"),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbican Centre in London ("Beijing, Midtown"),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guggenheim in New York ("Midtown, AM/PM, Capital, Miami, Los Angeles")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centre Pompidou ("Midtown, AM/PM, Capital, Miami, Los Angeles").

paragraph: Section::::Origami.

paragraph: In 2011 Morris was sued by a group of six origami artists, including Robert J. Lang. They alleged that in 24 works (eventually discovered to be 33 or more) in her "Origami" series of paintings Morris had without permission or credit copied their original crease patterns, coloured them, and sold them as "found" or "traditional" designs.

paragraph: The case was settled out of court early in 2013; under the settlement, the creators of the crease patterns are to be given credit when the works are displayed.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Midtown" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "AM/PM" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capital" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miami" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Angeles" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Robert Towne" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1972" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beijing" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Points on a Line" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chicago" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rio" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strange Magic" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abu Dhabi" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Finite and Infinite Games" (2017)

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Modern Worlds", 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capital", 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sarah Morris: Bar Nothing", 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Angeles", 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1972", 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sarah Morris: Lesser Panda", 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beijing", 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sarah Morris: Clips, Knots, and 1972", 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Cannot Trust A Surface", 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Open System Meets an Open System: Sarah Morris and Hans Ulrich Obrist in Conversation", 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sarah Morris: Bye Bye Brazil", 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sarah Morris: Mechanical Ballet", 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frédéric Paul,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Erasing Principles", 2016

paragraph: Section::::Public collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Berardo Collection, Sintra, Portugal

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Council, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centre d’Art Contemporain, Le Consortium, Dijon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centre Pompidou, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bourgogne, Dijon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poitou-Charentes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Government Art Collection, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunsthalle Bremen, Bremen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miami Art Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musee d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Modern Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum fur Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sammlung DaimlerChrysler, Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tate Modern, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- UBS Art Collection, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yale Center for British Art, New Haven

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria and Albert Museum, London

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Archer. "Sarah Morris", "Artforum", May 2009, p. 170

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nick Haymes, "Sarah Morris", "Art Review", May 2009, pp. 70–7

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Ulrich Obrist, "Sarah Morris", "Adam & Eve", March/April/May 2009, pp. 78–91

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eric Banks, "Seeing Red", "Men's Vogue", August 2008, pp. 114–119

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adrian Searle, "Dazzled by the Rings", "The Guardian", 30 July 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christopher Turner, "Beijing City Symphony", "Modern Painters", July/August 2008, pp. 56–59

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marcus Verhagen, "Nomadism", "Art Monthly" October 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tanja Widmann, "To Offer You Something", "Texte Zur Kunst", September 2006, pp. 248–251

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ezra Petronio and Stephanie Moisdon, ""Bar Nothing" by Sarah Morris", "Self Service", Issue No.21, Fall/Winter 2004, pp. 302–315

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art Now" (25th Anniversary Edition), edited by Uta Grosenick, Burkhard Riemschneider, Taschen, pp. 196–199, 2005

description: artist

wikidata_label: Sarah Morris

wikipedia_title: Sarah Morris


text:
Berea, Ohio
Baldwin–Wallace College
Baldwin Wallace University
Portsmouth, England
Bellefontaine, Ohio
Indianapolis, Indiana
John Baldwin
Iowa Wesleyan University
Keokuk, Iowa
Mount Pleasant, Iowa
German Wallace College
Berea sandstone

categories: 1815 births,1881 deaths,Presidents of Baldwin Wallace University,American Methodists,English-American culture in Ohio

paragraph: John Wheeler (college administrator)

paragraph: John Wheeler was an American educator, the second principal of Baldwin Institute and the first president of Baldwin University in Berea, Ohio. Baldwin University would eventually merge with nearby German Wallace College to become Baldwin–Wallace College. Wheeler has a building named after him on the Baldwin Wallace University campus.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Life.

paragraph: John Wheeler was born in Portsmouth, England on April 7, 1815. In 1820 his family moved to America and settled in Bellefontaine, Ohio. In 1824 Wheeler joined the Methodist Church and eventually jointed the Norwalk Seminary in 1835. He attended Allegheny College from 1837-1839 and eventually Indiana Asbury University until 1840. Once leaving Asbury University he became principle of Franklin Institute in Indianapolis, Indiana. While there he married Mary Yandes. The two had had seven children. In 1842 he left Franklin to teach Latin at Asbury until 1854.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Baldwin Institute.

paragraph: In 1855, Wheeler became the 2nd principal for the recently established Baldwin Institute (1846) founded by John Baldwin. During his presidency Wheeler's while Mary died in which Wheeler Married Carla Hulet. In addition, Wheeler assisted in the establishment of a German department with James Wallace which eventually established German Wallace College on 7 June 1864.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later Years.

paragraph: Wheeler left Baldwin University in 1870 to become president of Iowa Wesleyan University now called Iowa Wesleyan College. Wheeler served at the First Methodist Church in Keokuk, Iowa and eventually moved to Mount Pleasant, Iowa where he died on June, 18th 1881.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Wheeler assisted in the establishment of the German Department at Baldwin Institute. This department led to the eventual development of German Wallace College. Eventually due to financial difficulty of both schools, German Wallace and Baldwin University would become Baldwin-Wallace College. Today Baldwin-Wallace College now is Baldwin Wallace University.

paragraph: In 1872, Hulet Hall (named after Hulet's wife) was built using Berea sandstone, at an original cost of $10,000. Hulet was eventually torn down in 1972. Recitation Hall was built in 1891 (now called Wheeler Hall); the ground-breaking ceremony was led by Mary Baldwin, John's daughter. Wheeler hall is named after John Wheeler. Wheeler Hall is located on the Universities' north part of campus near Baldwin Library.

paragraph: On December 1, 1978, John Wheeler's Home located on 445 S. Rocky River Dr. in Berea Ohio was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baldwin, Charles Candee. Baldwin Genealogy, 1880.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clary, Norman J. Baldwin–Wallace College. "Cradles of Conscience." Ed. John Wiliam Oliver, Jr. Kent State University Press, 2003. 39–51

description: American educator, first president of Baldwin University

wikidata_label: John Wheeler

wikipedia_title: John Wheeler (college administrator)


text: Czechoslovakia

categories: Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships,Czechoslovak female artistic gymnasts,World champion gymnasts,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Jindra Košťálová

paragraph: Jindra Košťálová is a retired artistic gymnast from Czechoslovakia. She was part of the Czechoslovak team that won the 1966 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Individually, she won two bronze medals, on the floor and balance beam, at the 1969 European championships.

description: gymnast

wikidata_label: Jindra Košťálová

wikipedia_title: Jindra Košťálová


text:
Dara Shikoh
Nadira Banu Begum
Shah Jahan
Aurangzeb
Malik Jiwan
Delhi
Gwalior Fort
first cousin
Zubdat-un-Nissa
Dilras Banu Begum
Bahadur Shah
Qiledar

categories: 1644 births,1708 deaths,Timurid dynasty,Mughal princes,Indian Muslims

paragraph: Sipihr Shikoh

paragraph: Sipihr Shikoh (),

paragraph: (13 October 1644 – 2 or 3 July 1708) also known as Sipihr Shukoh, was a Mughal prince as the fourth son of Crown Prince Dara Shikoh and his consort Nadira Banu Begum.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was also the grandson of the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as well as the nephew and son-in-law of the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

paragraph: He was captured and imprisoned by Malik Jiwan, 9 June 1659, brought to Delhi and paraded through the streets in chains, then imprisoned at Gwalior Fort, until 1675.

paragraph: 9 February 1673, He married his first cousin, Princess Zubdat-un-Nissa, she was the daughter of his uncle, Emperor Aurangzeb and his aunt, Dilras Banu Begum.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died in 1708, and his body was buried in Agra fort by Emperor Bahadur Shah

paragraph: Section::::Positions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Governor of Odisha (1680–1696)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qiledar of Red Fort (1701–1708)

description: Mughal Empire emperor

wikidata_label: Sipihr Shikoh

wikipedia_title: Sipihr Shikoh