text:
Byzantine co-emperor
Constans II
Fausta
Heraclius
Constantinople
Constans II
Fausta
Patrician
Valentinus
Constantine IV
Heraclius
Sicily
Constantinople
Theodore of Koloneia
Andrew
Anatolic Theme
Chrysopolis
Hellespont
Heaven
Trinity
Koloneia
Senate
Sycae
Justinian II
mutilation
Justinian II

paragraph: Tiberius (son of Constans II)

paragraph: Tiberius (, "Tiberios") was Byzantine co-emperor from 659 to 681. He was the son of Constans II and Fausta, who was elevated in 659, before his father departed for Italy. After the death of Constans, Tiberius' brother Constantine IV, ascended the throne as senior emperor. Constantine attempted to have both Tiberius and Heraclius removed as co-emperors, which sparked a popular revolt, in 681. Constantine ended the revolt by promising to accede to the demands of the rebels, sending them home, but bringing their leaders into Constantinople. Once there, Constantine had them executed, then imprisoned Tiberius and Heraclius and had them mutilated, after which point they disappear from history.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Tiberius was the youngest son of Constans II. His mother was Fausta, daughter of the Patrician Valentinus. Although his eldest brother Constantine IV had been raised to the rank of co-emperor in 654, in 659, shortly before his father's departure for Italy, Tiberius was also elevated by Constans to the rank of co-emperor, alongside his older brother Heraclius. In 663, Constans tried to have his sons join him in Sicily, but this provoked a popular uprising in Constantinople, led by Theodore of Koloneia and Andrew, and the brothers remained in the imperial capital.

paragraph: With Constans II's death in 668, Constantine IV became the senior emperor. After ruling alongside Tiberius and Heraclius for thirteen years, Constantine attempted to demote his brothers from the imperial position, but this provoked a military revolt in the Anatolic Theme (in modern Turkey). The army marched to Chrysopolis, and sent a delegation across the straits of the Hellespont to Constantinople, demanding that the two brothers should remain co-emperors alongside Constantine IV. They based their demand on the belief that, since Heaven was ruled by the Trinity, in the same way the empire should be governed by three Emperors. Confronted by this situation, Constantine kept a close eye on his brothers, and sent across a trusted officer, Theodore, the captain of Koloneia. Constantine gave Theodore the delicate task of praising the soldiers for their devotion and agreeing with their reasoning, with the objective of persuading them to return to their barracks in Anatolia. He also invited the leaders of the rebellion to come over to Constantinople and consult with the Senate in order that they may begin the process of confirming the army's wishes. Happy with this apparently positive outcome, the army departed back to Anatolia, while the instigators of the movement entered the city. With the military threat now gone, Constantine moved against the leaders of the revolt, captured them and had them hanged at Sycae.

description: Byzantine co-emperor

wikidata_label: Tiberius

wikipedia_title: Tiberius (son of Constans II)


text: Mumbai

text: sculptural

text: installations

text: Baroda

text: Delhi

text: flat

text: Juhu

text: migration

text: Artspace

text: cockroach

text: military actions

text: Chintan Upadhyay

text: mass consumerism

text: globalisation

text: "Henie Onstad Kunssenter"

text: Museum of fine arts, Boston

text: Atelier Calder

text: Karachi

text: Milan, Italy

text: partition of India

text: matchsticks

text: Hindu ritual

text: Gallery Nature Morte

text: alimony

text: art fabrication

text: Jaipur

text: Kandivali

text: Matunga

text: Andheri

text: duct tape

text: nullah

text: Uttar Pradesh

text: Varanasi

text: Dadar

text: Itarsi

text: crematorium

text: polyurethane

text: undergarment

text: CCTV

text: Special Task Force

text: Uttar Pradesh police

text: ATM card

text: SIM

text: Hema Upadhyay

text: Profile

text: Saatchi Gallery

text: Profile

text: Chemould Prescott Road

text: Interview

categories: Indian women sculptors,21st-century Indian photographers,21st-century Indian painters,Indian women contemporary artists,Painters from Gujarat,Indian women photographers,Photographers from Maharashtra,Indian murder victims,21st-century Indian sculptors,Indian contemporary painters,20th-century Indian photographers,Murdered artists,1972 births,Women artists from Gujarat,Indian contemporary sculptors,People murdered in Mumbai,People from Vadodara,20th-century Indian sculptors,20th-century Indian painters,2015 deaths,Indian portrait painters,Indian women painters,20th-century Indian women artists,Painters from Maharashtra,21st-century Indian women artists,Indian installation artists,Women artists from Maharashtra

paragraph: Hema Upadhyay

paragraph: Hema Upadhyay (born Hema Hirani; 1972 – December 11, 2015) was an Indian artist based in Mumbai. She was known for photography and sculptural installations. She was active from 1998 until her death in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Born Hema Hirani in Baroda, she met her future husband and fellow artist Chintan Upadhyay in 1992. The couple married in 1998, and settled in Mumbai. They worked together in many exhibitions, before filing for a divorce in 2010. They were officially divorced in 2014. Chintan then moved to Delhi; she lived in their flat on the Juhu-Tara road.

paragraph: Section::::Early works.

paragraph: Hema had her first solo exhibition, titled "Sweet Sweat Memories", at Gallery Chemould, now Chemould Prescott road (Mumbai), in 2001. The exhibition consisted of mixed media on paper works. In these works she has incorporated her own photographs to communicate her ideas of migration having moved to Bombay in 1998. Hema's paintings were usually characterised by the inclusion of small-collaged photographic self-portraits.

paragraph: In the 2001 Hema had her first international solo at Artspace, Sydney, and Institute of Modern Art, Brisbane, Australia, where she exhibited an installation titled "The Nymph and the Adult" (also exhibited at the 10th International Triennial – India held in New Delhi) she hand sculpted 2000 lifelike cockroaches, infesting the gallery with them. The work was intended to make viewers think about the consequences of military actions.

paragraph: In collaboration with Chintan Upadhyay, she did a work titled "Made in China", which spoke about mass consumerism, globalisation and a loss of identity through this. Her next collaboration was in 2006 when she collaborated with her mother, Bina Hirani, the work was titled "Mum-my" and was shown at the Chicago Cultural Centre.

paragraph: Section::::Museum exhibitions.

paragraph: From 2004 onwards, Hema Upadhyay came up with installations that were part of various group shows at the "Ullens Center for Contemporary Art" Beijing, China; "National Portrait Gallery" Canberra, Australia; "Centre Pompidou", Paris, France; "Museum on the Seam", Jerusalem, Israel; "MACRO museum", Rome, Italy; "IVAM", Valencia, Spain; "Mart Museum", Italy; "Mori Art Museum", Tokyo, Japan; "Hanger Bicocca", Milan, Italy; "Chicago Cultural Centre", Chicago, USA; "Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux Arts", Paris, France; "Fukuoka Asian Art Museum", Fukuoka, Japan; "Japan Foundation", Tokyo and the "Henie Onstad Kunssenter", Oslo, Norway. A few months after Hema died, in 2016, her work was exhibited under the theme "Megacities Asia" at the Museum of fine arts, Boston.

paragraph: She was the only Indian artist to be part of the inaugural exhibition for the Reopening of the "MACRO museum", Rome. The exhibition was curated by Luca Massimi Barbero, Hema exhibited her installation titled "Where the bees suck, there suck I".

paragraph: Section::::Residencies and workshops.

paragraph: In 2010, Hema was invited for a residency at Atelier Calder, Sache, France. While there, she completed the work "Only Memory has Preservatives", this work was inspired by the natural surroundings in Sache, but also reflected ideas that have been part of her practice. Hema tried to replicate the forest in her studio, though not in the literal sense. Using copyright free images of certain trees found in the area, she created a landscape work without using materials from nature.

paragraph: In 2003 she was part of the Vasl residency in Karachi where she made a work titled "Loco foco motto" (which she later in 2007 exhibited in a group show at the Hanger Bicocca, Milan, Italy) that spoke about the India-Pakistan divide keeping in mind her own family history related to the partition of India. The works were also a break from her trademark symbolism, they were more craft oriented as she used matchsticks and glue to make chandeliers. Constructed of thousands of un-ignited matchsticks assembled into elaborate chandeliers, these pieces embody an important element of Hindu ritual, symbolising creation and destruction.

paragraph: Her later works featured patterned surfaces, which quote from Indian spiritual iconography and traditional textile design, titled "Killing Site". "Dream a wish-wish a dream" (2006) was the first large-scale installation that Hema did. At first glance her installation seems to be only a landscape of Bombay; however, it iss actually a statement on the changing landscape by migrants who make Bombay.

paragraph: Section::::Selected solo presentations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Extra Ordinary", Faculty of Fine Arts Baroda, and Vadehra Art Gallery, New Delhi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Mute Migration", Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011–12 "Princesses Rusted Belt", Studio La Citta, Verona Italy (Ex Cat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Moderniznation", Espace Topographie de l'Art, Festival D' Automne a Paris, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Where the bees suck, there suck I", Reopening of MACRO museum, Rome Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008–09 "Yours Sincerely", Gallery Nature Morte, New Delhi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Universe revolves on", Singapore Tyler Print Institute, Singapore (Ex. Cat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Underneath", Gallery Chemould, Bombay (Ex. Cat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001–02 "The Nymph and the Adult", Institute of Modern Art, Brisbane (Ex. Cat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "Sweet Sweat Memories", Gallery Chemould, Bombay (Ex. Cat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "The Nymph and the Adult", Art Space, Sydney

paragraph: Section::::Select Group Shows.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th International Print Biennale, Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal, 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prithvi Art Gallery, Mumbai, 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secret Life of Objects", Lakeeran Gallery, Mumbai, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exchanging Territories", Shridharani Gallery, New Delhi, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- X International Triennale, Lalit Kala Academi, New Delhi, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Transfiguration", Art Inc, India Habitat Center, New Delhi, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- "crossing generations": diVERGE, Gallery Chemould, Mumbai, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Loco-Foco-Motto", a sculpture made with match sticks, International Artists' Residency, Karachi, Pakistan, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parthenogenesis", Ivan Dougherty Gallery, Sydney, Australia, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tree from the Seed", Hennie Onstad Kunssenter, Oslo, Norway, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Have We Met", Japan Foundation Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Indian Summer": Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux Arts, Paris, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Indian Contemporary Art", Chelsea college of Art, London, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Present Future", NGMA, Mumbai, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parallel Realities-Asian Art Now", The 3rd Fukuoka Asian Art Triennale, Blackburn Museum, Blackburn, UK, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Long Happy Hours and Thereby Happiness and Other stories", the Museum Gallery, Mumbai, 2006

paragraph: Section::::Invited as artist in residence.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Atelier Calder, Sache, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Singapore Tyler Print Institute, Singapore

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Mattress Factory, Pittsburgh, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Vasl International Artists Residency, Karachi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Art Space, Sydney

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Hema Upadhyay and her lawyer Haresh Bhambani were killed on Friday, 11 December 2015, reportedly over a financial dispute.

paragraph: Bhambhani had represented Hema in court cases against her ex-husband Chintan. After filing for a divorce in 2010, Chintan and Hema had lived in different rooms of their Mumbai flat until their divorce in 2014. In 2013, Hema had filed a harassment case against Chintan, accusing him for painting obscene sketches on the walls of their Mumbai flat. Represented by Bhambhani, she lost the case after the court ruled that Chintan's bedroom was his personal space. After their divorce, Chintan moved to Delhi. Bhambani represented Hema in another case seeking alimony: Hema demanded an alimony of 200,000 per month; but the court reduced that amount to 40,000 per month. On the day of their murders, Chintan had paid 200,000 to Bhambhani as part of an alimony payout.

paragraph: Hema had contracted out her art fabrication work to Vidyadhar Rajbhar (alias Gotu), the owner of Vanshraj Arts. She also stored her artwork at his warehouse. Vidyadhar's family had a close relationship with the family of her ex-husband Chintan. In fact, Vidyadhar's father Vanshraj had named him after Chintan's father. When Vidyadhar's father fell ill and faced financial troubles, Chintan paid for his medical expenses of over 500,000. Chintan had also sponsored Vidyadhar's training in fabrication at Jaipur. According to Vidyadhar's associates, Hema owed Vidyadhar some money, and he had visited Hema's residence many times to seek the payment. However, according to the police investigators, it was Vidyadhar who was heavily in debt, and had taken loans from Hema, Chintan and others. He owed Hema 200,000. On the day of the murders, he called Hema to his Kandivali warehouse, claiming that he had some video evidence that could strengthen her case against Chintan. Hema took along Bhambhani to examine the evidence.

paragraph: On 11 December, the day of the murders, Hema called her domestic help Lalit Mandal around 6.30pm, informing him that she would have dinner outside. Bhambhani left his Matunga home around 6pm, telling his family that he was going to meet a client in Andheri. The two met at Hema's studio in Andheri. Around 8 pm, they left for Kandivali to meet Vidyadhar. At the warehouse, Vidyadhar was accompanied by his associates Azad Rajbhar, Pradeep Rajbhar and Shiv Kumar Rajbhar (alias Sadhu). They had planned to scare Hema using a chemical-soaked napkin. The chemical is believed to be chloroform (used to clean the moulds of sculptures) or a pesticide (which Vidyadhar procured from his brother). Vidyadhar held Hema from behind, as Azad held the napkin to her face. When Bhambhani intervened, Shiv and Pradeep overpowered him. Initially, they only restrained Bhambhani with ropes and duct tapes. But when they realized that the chemical had killed Hema, they killed Bhambhani for being a witness.

paragraph: The Rajbhars packed the dead bodies in cardboard boxes that they used to transport artwork. They then transported the bodies to the drain (nullah) in a temp truck driven by Vijay Kumar Rajbhar. Vidyadhar and Shiv then decide to escape to their native village in Uttar Pradesh. They caught a train to Varanasi from Dadar around 9:30 pm. After reaching Itarsi, Vidyadhar told Shiv that he wanted to surrender, and got off the train.

paragraph: A Museum of Arts, Boston official, mourned the death of Hema. Her work was scheduled to be exhibited at the museum a few months after she died.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Police investigation.

paragraph: When Hema did not return home at night, her domestic help Mandal tried to contact her, only to find her mobile phone switched off. He then contacted her relatives and friends. The next morning, he registered a missing persons complaint. Bhambani's family also found his phone switched off, and registered a complaint.

paragraph: On Saturday, around 7:30 pm, a sweeper noticed a hand in the boxes floating in the drain, opposite a crematorium in the Dahanukar Wadi area of Kandivali. He alerted the police, who retrieved the boxes. The bodies had been wrapped in transparent polyurethane sheets before being stuffed in the cardboard boxes. They were naked except for undergarments. The bodies had not decomposed, and the police were able to identify the victims. Based on the CCTV footage and call records, the police determined that the two had met her studio in Andheri, and left in Bhambhani's car. The last call made from Bhambani's mobile phone, around 8:30pm, was traced to Kandivali.

paragraph: The police located the manufacturing details and the batch number from the cardboard boxes. This, in addition to the call detail records of the victims, led the police to Vidyadhar's fabrication unit in Laljipada area of Kandivali. After analyzing CCTV footage from some houses in the area, the police apprehended Vijay, the truck driver. Vijay informed the police about the other suspects, but insisted that he did not know that there were dead bodies inside the boxes. The police then arrested Azad and Pradeep.

paragraph: A Special Task Force (STF) of the Uttar Pradesh police intercepted Shiv Kumar on his way from the Varanasi station to his native village Gosaipur. The STF recovered ATM cards, SIM cards and other documents belonging to Hema and Bhambhani from him. He confessed to the murders. Vidyadhar is currently at large. The police have not completely ruled out Chintan as a suspect, due to his close acquaintance with Vidyadhar. The call detail record (CDR) of Chintan's phone shows that the two men exchanged several calls a fortnight before the murders. Hema's family as well as police suspect that Chintan paid Vidyadhar to commit her murder. In February 2016, a group of 61 artists demanded his release arguing that the police had been unable to find any evidence against him.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Ahmed Ali | TNN | Updated: Dec 1, 2018, 7:11 IST This story is from December 1, 2018

paragraph: Prosecutor Ujjwal Nikam quits double murder case of artist-lawyer: ‘Dindoshi is too far’

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hema Upadhyay on Saffron Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on Saatchi Gallery website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on Chemould Prescott Road website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview in initiArt magazine

description: Indian artist

wikidata_label: Hema Upadhyay

wikipedia_title: Hema Upadhyay


text: Usingen

text: Charles

text: John William III

text: Saxe-Eisenach

text: Lieutenant-General

text: general

text: colonel

text: grenadier

text: treaty of inheritance

text: Nassau-Saarbrücken

text: Nassau-Weilburg

text: Nassau-Dietz

text: Orange-Nassau

text: Nassau

text: primogeniture

text: Henry Louis

text: Treaty of Lunéville

text: Rhine

text: Reichsdeputationshauptschluss

text: Electorate of Mainz

text: Electorate of Cologne

text: Electorate of the Palatinate

text: Hesse

text: Frederick Augustus

text: Caroline

text: Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel

text: Frederick II

text: Princess Mary of Great Britain

text: cadet branch

text: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie

categories: 1803 deaths,1735 births,Princes of Nassau,18th-century German people

paragraph: Charles William, Prince of Nassau-Usingen

paragraph: Charles William (9 November 1735 in Usingen – 17 May 1803) was Prince of Nassau-Usingen from 1775 until his death. From 1797 until his death, he was also titular Prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken, however, Nassau-Saarbrücken was occupied by France during that period.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Prince Charles of Nassau-Usingen and his wife, Christina Wilhelmina, the daughter of Duke John William III of Saxe-Eisenach.

paragraph: In 1770, Charles William became Lieutenant-General in the Dutch army. In 1789, he was promoted to general and in 1790 to colonel of the Walloon regiment and captain of the grenadiers.

paragraph: In 1775, he succeeded his father as Prince of Nassau-Usingen. In 1783, he concluded a treaty of inheritance with the princes of Nassau-Saarbrücken, Nassau-Weilburg and Nassau-Dietz (i.e., Orange-Nassau), in which it was agreed that the Nassau lands were indivisible and that mutual succession among the various branches based on primogeniture would be observed.

paragraph: In 1797, Prince Henry Louis of Nassau-Saarbrücken died childless and Charles William inherited his principality. However, under the Treaty of Lunéville, the territories on the left bank of the Rhine were lost to France. The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 compensated Charles William with territories taken from the Electorate of Mainz, the Electorate of Cologne, Electorate of the Palatinate and Hesse.

paragraph: Charles William died later that year. Since he had no male heir, he was succeeded by his younger brother Frederick Augustus.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Charles William married Countess Caroline Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg, the daughter of Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim. Charles William and Carolina Felicitas had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Karl Wilhelm (1761-1763)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caroline (1762-1823), who married Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (1747-1837), the son of Landgrave Frederick II and Princess Mary of Great Britain and the founder of the cadet branch Hesse-Kassel-Rumpenheim.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Luise (1763-1845)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince NN of Nassau-Usingen (1768 - died in infancy)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst Joachim: "". In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 15, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, S. 315.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00010627&tree=LEO

description: Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1775-1803)

wikidata_label: Charles William of Nassau-Usingen


text:
Bedford Level Corporation
Board of Agriculture
Eye, Suffolk
Roydon, Norfolk
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Bachelor of Arts
Master of Arts (Cambridge)
vicar
Swaffham Prior
Cambridgeshire
prebendary
Ely Cathedral
Bottisham Hall
Bottisham
Soame Jenyns
William Heberden
Leonard Jenyns
John Stevens Henslow

categories: 18th-century English Anglican priests,1848 deaths,19th-century English Anglican priests,1763 births,People from South Norfolk (district)

paragraph: George Leonard Jenyns

paragraph: George Leonard Jenyns (19 June 1763 – 1848) was an English priest, a landowner involved both in the Bedford Level Corporation and in the Board of Agriculture.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of John Harvey Jenyns of Eye, Suffolk, and was born at Roydon, Norfolk. He entered Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1781. He graduated Bachelor of Arts (BA) in 1785, and was ordained that year, and received his Master of Arts (Cambridge) (MA Cantab) in 1788. He became Dean and rhetorical praelector of his college in 1787, though not a fellow, this being the first recorded instance.

paragraph: He was vicar of Swaffham Prior, Cambridgeshire 1787–1848 and prebendary of Ely Cathedral, 1802–1848. He inherited Bottisham Hall in Bottisham and a considerable fortune from his first cousin twice removed Soame Jenyns in 1787. He became Chairman of the Bedford Level Corporation, and also of the Board of Agriculture. At Bottisham Hall he built a new house, constructed for him by 1797; and also expanded the Jenyns estate by purchases.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1788 he married Mary Heberden (1763–1832), the daughter of the physician William Heberden (1710–1801). They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soame Jenyns (died aged 14)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Jenyns (1790–1858)

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Jenyns (1795–1878) married Maria Jane, daughter of Sir James Gambier, 1772-1833

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Jenyns (1798–1887)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leonard Jenyns (1800–1893), the naturalist.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Jenyns

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harriet Jenyns (1797–1857), married John Stevens Henslow.

description: English priest

wikidata_label: George Leonard Jenyns

wikipedia_title: George Leonard Jenyns


text:
astrological sign
producer
Leicester
electronic dance music
dubstep
EP
Leeds University
EP
charity single
Movember
label
Lifted Music
Greta Svabo Bech
limited edition
BBC Radio 1
Zane Lowe
Nick Grimshaw
Annie Mac
Radio 1
BBC Radio 1Xtra
MistaJam
northern lights
Norway
Iceland

categories: People from Leicester,Dubstep musicians,1990 births,English musicians,Living people,Musicians from Leicestershire

paragraph: Gemini (musician)

paragraph: Thomas Slinger, known professionally as Gemini, after his astrological sign, is an English producer, songwriter, vocalist and DJ.

paragraph: Born and raised in Leicester, he soon discovered a talent for the production of electronic dance music (particularly dubstep) and released his first EP, "Blue", on 14 February 2011 while studying at Leeds University. He is co-owner of Inspected Records and, as of September 2016, has released four EPs ("Blue", "Graduation", "Fire Inside", and "Mercury") and a charity single for Movember ("Beyond The Shadows") with the label. His first single ("Down/Electric Rain") was released via Lifted Music's sister label, Breed12Inches. His second EP ("Without You") was released via Beta Recordings.

paragraph: On 2 April 2013, he launched his "Lonely Hearts" series with the first edition of "Fire" "Inside" including vocals by Greta Svabo Bech and himself. He publishes the releases of these series on the basis of a limited edition. All the series are self-released.

paragraph: He has featured heavily on BBC Radio 1's night time shows especially the likes of Zane Lowe, Nick Grimshaw and Annie Mac. He appeared in Radio 1's Festival 2011 and also produced a minimix for BBC Radio 1Xtra's MistaJam.

paragraph: After four Years of silence, Thomas revealed his new single on 5 February 2016, "Time To Share," which is taken directly from his first full-length album "Wanderlust". Released September 2016, this album is a representation of his ""adventure of a lifetime"."

paragraph: ""I've been on a journey of self-discovery that has led me to the darkest and most beautiful places on earth. From the northern lights of Norway and desolate lands of Iceland to discovering lost civilisations and climbing mountains deep in the heart of Asia.""

wikidata_label: Gemini

wikipedia_title: Gemini (musician)


text:
Ptolemy XII of Egypt
Ptolemaic dynasty
Egypt
Ptolemy XIII of Egypt
Pharaoh
Pharaoh
Cleopatra VII of Egypt
Roman dictator
Julius Caesar
murdered
Rome
conspirators
Marcus Junius Brutus
Gaius Cassius Longinus
aconite
Caesarion
Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II

categories: 1st-century BC Egyptian people,44 BC deaths,Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty,60 BC births,59 BC births,Cleopatra,1st-century BC Pharaohs,1st-century BC rulers in Africa

paragraph: Ptolemy XIV of Egypt

paragraph: Ptolemy XIV (, "Ptolemaĩos", who lived 60 BC/59 BC–44 BC and reigned 47 BC–44 BC), was a son of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. Following the death of his older brother Ptolemy XIII of Egypt on January 13, 47 BC, he was proclaimed Pharaoh and co-ruler by their older sister and remaining Pharaoh, Cleopatra VII of Egypt. He and Cleopatra were married, but Cleopatra continued to act as lover of Roman dictator Julius Caesar. Ptolemy is considered to have reigned in name only, with Cleopatra keeping actual authority. On March 15, 44 BC Caesar was murdered in Rome by a group of conspirators whose most notable members were Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. Ptolemy soon followed him in death. An inscription mentioning him as alive was dated at July 26, 44 BC. It has been assumed but remains uncertain that Cleopatra poisoned her co-ruler, with aconite, to replace him with his nephew Ptolemy XV Caesarion, her son by Caesar who was proclaimed co-ruler on September 2, 44 BC and whom his mother intended to support as successor of his father.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

description: Egyptian ruler

wikidata_label: Ptolemy XIV of Egypt

wikipedia_title: Ptolemy XIV of Egypt


text: SC

text: canonized

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Emmitsburg, Maryland

text: congregation

text: religious sister

text: Sisters of Charity

text: Richard Bayley

text: New York City

text: French

text: Huguenot

text: New Rochelle, New York

text: Health Officer

text: Port of New York

text: yellow fever

text: anatomy

text: Columbia College

text: Church of England

text: priest

text: rector

text: St. Andrew's Church

text: Staten Island

text: American Revolution

text: Episcopal Church

text: Roosevelt family

text: London

text: import

text: Samuel Provoost

text: bishop

text: Ringwood, New Jersey

text: loyalist

text: public notary

text: counting house

text: Leghorn

text: Stradivarius

text: Trinity Episcopal Church

text: John Henry Hobart

text: War of 1812

text: Catherine

text: Sisters of Mercy

text: United Kingdom

text: quarantine

text: Old English Cemetery

text: Roman Catholicism

text: pastor

text: St. Peter's Church

text: sacrament

text: Confirmation

text: Bishop of Baltimore

text: the Right Reverend

text: John Carroll

text: academy

text: Abbé

text: Louis William Valentine Dubourg

text: SS

text: émigré

text: Sulpician Fathers

text: St. Mary's College, Baltimore

text: Reign of Terror

text: seminary

text: Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School

text: Mount Saint Mary's University

text: John Dubois

text: embargo

text: France

text: Napoleonic Wars

text: New York City

text: Cincinnati, Ohio

text: Halifax, Nova Scotia

text: Convent Station, New Jersey

text: Greensburg, Pennsylvania

text: Daughters of Charity

text: Bayley Seton Hospital

text: Marine Hospital Service

text: Stapleton, Staten Island

text: NY

text: Richmond University Medical Center

text: New York Foundling

text: Philippines

text: Las Piñas City

text: Catholic

text: Seton Home Study School

text: Roman Catholic

text: Front Royal

text: Virginia

text: Seton Hall University

text: James Roosevelt Bayley

text: Diocese of Newark

text: Seton Hill University

text: Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill

text: Niagara University

text: Lewiston, New York

text: Elizabeth Seton High School

text: Bladensburg, Maryland

text: Seton School

text: Manassas, Virginia

text: Crofton, Maryland

text: Archdiocese of Baltimore

text: National Women's Hall of Fame

text: beatified

text: Pope John XXIII

text: Pope Paul VI

text: canonized

text: eleventh day

text: Christmastide

text: Full text

text: homily

text: Pope Paul VI

text: St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Online Museum

categories: Christian female saints of the Late Modern era,Christian female saints of the Early Modern era,19th-century Christian saints,American Roman Catholic saints,Religious leaders from New Rochelle, New York,Burials in Maryland,19th-century deaths from tuberculosis,18th-century Christian saints,Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism,American Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns,Founders of Catholic religious communities,1821 deaths,People from Emmitsburg, Maryland,Catholics from New York (state),American people of English descent,1774 births,Beatifications by Pope John XXIII,Educators from New York City,Daughters and Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul

paragraph: Elizabeth Ann Seton

paragraph: Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, SC, (August 28, 1774 – January 4, 1821) was the first person born in what would become the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church (September 14, 1975). She established the first Catholic girls' school in the nation in Emmitsburg, Maryland, where she also founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Elizabeth Ann Bayley was born on August 28, 1774, the second child of a socially prominent couple, a surgeon, Dr. Richard Bayley and Catherine Charlton of New York City. The Bayley and Charlton families were among the earliest European settlers in the New York area. Her father's parents were French Huguenots and lived in New Rochelle, New York. As Chief Health Officer for the Port of New York, Dr. Bayley attended to immigrants disembarking from ships onto Staten Island, and cared for New Yorkers when yellow fever swept through the city (for example, killing 700 in four months). Dr. Bayley later served as the first professor of anatomy at Columbia College. Elizabeth's mother was the daughter of a Church of England priest who was rector of St. Andrew's Church on Staten Island for 30 years. Elizabeth was raised in what would eventually become (in the years after the American Revolution) the Episcopal Church.

paragraph: Her mother, Catherine, died in 1777 when Elizabeth was three years old, possibly due to complications from the birth of her namesake Catherine, who died early the following year. Elizabeth's father then married Charlotte Amelia Barclay, a member of the Jacobus James Roosevelt family, to provide a mother for his two surviving daughters. The new Mrs. Bayley participated in her church's social ministry, and often took young Elizabeth with her on charitable rounds, as she visited the poor in their homes to distribute food and needed items.

paragraph: The couple had five children, but the marriage ended in separation. During the breakup, their stepmother rejected Elizabeth and her older sister. Their father then traveled to London for further medical studies, so the sisters lived temporarily in New Rochelle with their paternal uncle, William Bayley, and his wife, Sarah Pell Bayley. Elizabeth endured a time of darkness, grieving the absence of a second mother, as she later reflected in her journals. In these journals, Elizabeth showed her love for nature, poetry, and music, especially the piano. Other entries expressed her religious aspirations, and favorite passages from her reading showing her introspection and natural bent toward contemplation. Elizabeth was fluent in French, a fine musician, and an accomplished horsewoman.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Marriage and motherhood.

paragraph: On January 25, 1794, at age 19, Elizabeth married William Magee Seton, aged 25, a wealthy businessman in the import trade. Samuel Provoost, the first Episcopal bishop of New York, presided at their wedding. Her husband's father, William Seton (1746–1798), belonged to an impoverished noble Scottish family, and had emigrated to New York in 1758, and became superintendent and part owner of the iron-works of Ringwood, New Jersey. A loyalist, the senior William Seton was the last royal public notary for the city and province of New York. He brought his sons William (Elizabeth's husband) and James into the import-export mercantile firm, the William Seton Company, which became Seton, Maitland and Company in 1793. The younger William had visited important counting houses in Europe in 1788, was a friend of Filippo Filicchi (a renowned merchant in Leghorn, Italy, with whom his firm traded), and brought the first Stradivarius violin to America.

paragraph: Shortly after they married, Elizabeth and William moved into a fashionable residence on Wall Street. Socially prominent in New York society, the Setons belonged to Trinity Episcopal Church, near Broadway and Wall Streets. A devout communicant, Elizabeth took the Rev. John Henry Hobart (later bishop) as her spiritual director. Along with her sister-in-law Rebecca Mary Seton (1780–1804) (her soul-friend and dearest confidante), Elizabeth continued her former stepmother's social ministry—nursing the sick and dying among family, friends, and needy neighbors. Influenced by her father she became a charter member of The Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children (1797) and also served as the organization's treasurer.

paragraph: When the elder William Seton died, the Seton family fortunes waned during the volatile economic climate preceding the War of 1812. The couple took in William's six younger siblings, ages seven to seventeen, in addition to their own five children: Anna Maria (Annina) (1795–1812), William II (1796–1868), Richard Seton (1798–1823), Catherine (1800–1891) (who was to become the first American to join the Sisters of Mercy) and Rebecca Mary (1802–1816). This necessitated a move to the larger Seton family residence.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Widowhood and conversion to Catholicism.

paragraph: A dispute between the United States of America and the French Republic from 1798 to 1800 led to a series of attacks on American shipping. The United Kingdom's blockade of France and the loss of several of his ships at sea led William Seton into bankruptcy, and the Setons lost their home at 61 Stone Street in lower Manhattan. The following summer she and the children stayed with her father, who was still the health officer for the Port of New York on Staten Island. From 1801 to 1803 they lived in a house at 8 State Street, on the site of the present Church of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary (built in 1964). Through most of their married life, William Seton suffered from tuberculosis. The stress worsened his illness; his doctors sent him to Italy for the warmer climate, with Elizabeth and their eldest daughter as his companions. Upon landing at the port of Leghorn, they were held in quarantine for a month, for authorities feared they might have brought yellow fever from New York. William died on December 27, 1803, and was buried in Italy's Old English Cemetery. Elizabeth and Anna Maria were received by the families of her late husband's Italian business partners, who introduced her to Roman Catholicism.

paragraph: Returning to New York, the widow Seton was received into the Catholic Church on March 14, 1805, by the Reverend Matthew O'Brien, pastor of St. Peter's Church, then the city's only Catholic church. (Anti-Catholic laws had been lifted just a few years before.) A year later, she received the sacrament of Confirmation from the Bishop of Baltimore, the Right Reverend John Carroll, the only Catholic bishop in the nation.

paragraph: In order to support herself and her children, Seton had started an academy for young ladies, as was common for widows of social standing in that period. After news of her conversion to Catholicism spread, however, most parents withdrew their daughters from her tutelage. In 1807, students attending a local Protestant Academy were boarded at her house on Stuyvesant Lane in the Bowery, near St. Mark's Church.

paragraph: Seton was about to move to Canada when she met a visiting priest, the Abbé Louis William Valentine Dubourg, SS, who was a member of the French émigré community of Sulpician Fathers and then president of St. Mary's College, Baltimore. The Sulpicians had taken refuge in the United States from the religious persecution of the Reign of Terror in France and were in the process of establishing the first Catholic seminary for the United States, in keeping with the goals of their society. For several years, Dubourg had envisioned a religious school to meet the educational needs of the new nation's small Catholic community.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Founder.

paragraph: After living through many difficulties in life, in 1809 Seton accepted the invitation of the Sulpicians and moved to Emmitsburg, Maryland. A year later she established the Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School, a school dedicated to the education of Catholic girls. This was possible due to the financial support of Samuel Sutherland Cooper, a wealthy convert and seminarian at the newly established Mount Saint Mary's University, begun by John Dubois, S.S., and the Sulpicians.

paragraph: On July 31, Seton established a religious community in Emmitsburg dedicated to the care of the children of the poor. This was the first congregation of religious sisters to be founded in the United States, and its school was the first free Catholic school in America. This modest beginning marked the start of the Catholic parochial school system in the United States. The congregation was initially called the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's. From that point on, she became known as "Mother Seton". In 1811, the sisters adopted the rules written by St. Vincent de Paul for the Daughters of Charity in France.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life and death.

paragraph: The remainder of Seton's life was spent in leading and developing the new congregation. Seton was described as a charming and cultured lady. Her connections to New York society and the accompanying social pressures to leave the new life she had created for herself did not deter her from embracing her religious vocation and charitable mission. The greatest difficulties she faced were actually internal, stemming from misunderstandings, interpersonal conflicts and the deaths of two daughters, other loved ones, and young sisters in the community.

paragraph: Seton died on January 4, 1821, at the age of 46. Today, her remains are entombed in the National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton in Emmitsburg, Maryland.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: By 1830, the Sisters were running orphanages and schools as far west as Cincinnati and New Orleans, and had established the first hospital west of the Mississippi in St. Louis.

paragraph: It had been Seton's original intention to join the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, but the embargo of France due to the Napoleonic Wars prevented this connection. It was only decades later, in 1850, that the Emmitsburg community took the steps to merge with the Daughters, and to become their first American branch, as their foundress had envisioned.

paragraph: Today, six separate religious congregations trace their roots to the beginnings of the Sisters of Charity in Emmitsburg. In addition to the original community of Sisters at Emmitsburg (now part of the Vincentian order), they are based in New York City; Cincinnati, Ohio;. Halifax, Nova Scotia; Convent Station, New Jersey; and Greensburg, Pennsylvania.

paragraph: The Daughters of Charity Health Network established Bayley Seton Hospital in 1980 on the site of the former Marine Hospital Service hospital in Stapleton, Staten Island, NY. Most of the property is now the Bayley Seton campus of Richmond University Medical Center, while a portion is used by New York Foundling, a Catholic social services organization.

paragraph: Mother Seton School in Emmitsburg, Maryland, is a direct descendant of the Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School. It is located less than a mile from the site of the original school and is sponsored by the Daughters of Charity. Mother Seton School is a private elementary school located in Emmitsburg and enrolls 306 students from pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. Mother Seton School is the 84th-largest private school in Maryland and the 3,381st-largest nationally. It has 15.0 students to every teacher.

paragraph: In the Philippines, the Elizabeth Seton School in BF Resort Village, Las Piñas City was established in 1975, the year of Seton's canonization. It is the largest Catholic school in the city in terms of population.

paragraph: Seton Home Study School, a Roman Catholic homeschooling program based in Front Royal, Virginia, received its name from St. Elizabeth Ann Seton.

paragraph: Elizabeth Ann Seton College, located in Yonkers, New York was a college opened to assist young struggling women and men in need of furthering their education, offering Associate of Science or Associate of Occupational Science degrees.

paragraph: Seton Hall College (now known as Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey) was formally founded on September 1, 1856, by Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, of the then-Diocese of Newark. Bishop Bayley was a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt and a nephew of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, for whom he named the institution.

paragraph: The Seton Hill Schools (now part of Seton Hill University), named for St. Elizabeth, were founded by the Sisters of Charity in 1885. The university continues to operate in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, under the auspices of the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill.

paragraph: Niagara University in Lewiston, New York, near Niagara Falls, also has a dormitory building named after her, called Seton Hall.

paragraph: Elizabeth Seton High School, a Roman Catholic all-girls high school in Bladensburg, Maryland, sponsored by the Daughters of Charity, and Seton School in Manassas, Virginia, are also named for Mother Seton.

paragraph: A number of Roman Catholic churches are named for Mother Seton. These include St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic Parish in Crofton, Maryland, established in 1975 in the Archdiocese of Baltimore, the same diocese in which she had founded Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School. , there are churches in her name in more than 40 states of the United States, plus Canada and Italy.

paragraph: Saint Seton has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Canonization.

paragraph: Seton was beatified by Pope John XXIII on March 17, 1963. The pope said on the occasion, "In a house that was very small, but with ample space for charity, she sowed a seed in America which by Divine Grace grew into a large tree."

paragraph: Pope Paul VI canonized Seton on September 14, 1975, in a ceremony in St. Peter's Square. In his words, "Elizabeth Ann Seton is a saint. St. Elizabeth Ann Seton is an American. All of us say this with special joy, and with the intention of honoring the land and the nation from which she sprang forth as the first flower in the calendar of the saints. Elizabeth Ann Seton was wholly American! Rejoice for your glorious daughter. Be proud of her. And know how to preserve her fruitful heritage."

paragraph: Seton's feast day is January 4, the eleventh day of Christmastide and the anniversary of her death.

paragraph: Seton is the patron saint of seafarers and widows.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- O'Donnell, Catherine. "Elizabeth Seton: American Saint" (Cornell UP, 2018) 552 pages;

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Full text of the homily by Pope Paul VI on the occasion of the canonization of St. Seton

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Online Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Elizabeth Ann Seton biography, Archdiocese of Baltimore

description: first native-born American saint of the Roman Catholic Church

wikidata_label: Elizabeth Ann Seton

wikipedia_title: Elizabeth Ann Seton


text: pop art

text: graffiti

text: New York City

text: New York City subways

text: homosexuality

text: AIDS

text: Reading, Pennsylvania

text: Kutztown, Pennsylvania

text: United Church of God

text: Walt Disney

text: Dr. Seuss

text: Charles Schulz

text: Looney Tunes

text: Jesus Movement

text: Grateful Dead

text: Nixon

text: commercial art

text: Pittsburgh

text: Robert Henri

text: Pittsburgh Center for the Arts

text: Jean Dubuffet

text: Jackson Pollock

text: Mark Tobey

text: Pierre Alechinsky

text: Christo

text: painting

text: School of Visual Arts

text: Danceteria

text: semiotics

text: Bill Beckley

text: William Burroughs

text: Club 57

text: Tseng Kwong Chi

text: hardon

text: pictured here

text: found object

text: Futura 2000

text: Kenny Scharf

text: Madonna

text: Yoko Ono

text: Boy George

text: Roy Lichtenstein

text: Jean-Michel Basquiat

text: Palladium

text: MTV

text: Live Aid

text: Children’s Hospital in Washington, D.C.

text: Necker Children’s hospital

text: Andy Warhol

text: TriBeCa

text: Melbourne

text: Collingwood College, Victoria

text: Sydney

text: National Gallery of Victoria

text: Australian Centre for Contemporary Art

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: the Whitney

text: Minneapolis

text: Manhattan

text: Stedelijk Museum

text: Berlin Wall

text: Pop Shop

text: socio-political

text: Apartheid

text: AIDS

text: crack cocaine epidemic

text: Helsinki

text: Antwerp

text: A Very Special Christmas

text: Chateau Mouton Rothschild

text: Flushing Avenue

text: Grace Jones

text: Andy Warhol

text: Paradise Garage

text: Robert Farris Thompson

text: Vivienne Westwood

text: Malcolm McLaren

text: Like a Virgin

text: Top of the Pops

text: Solid Gold

text: David Spada

text: gay

text: safe sex

text: Pisa

text: National LGBTQ Wall of Honor

text: Stonewall National Monument

text: New York City

text: Stonewall Inn

text: U.S. national monument

text: LGBTQ rights

text: history

text: 50th anniversary

text: Stonewall riots

text: AIDS

text: AIDS Memorial Quilt

text: Madonna

text: Blond Ambition World Tour

text: AIDS Project Los Angeles

text: amfAR

text: Truth or Dare

text: Red Hot Organization

text: Red Hot + Blue

text: Red Hot + Dance

text: ACT UP

text: HIV/AIDS activism

text: Andy Warhol

text: Jean-Michel Basquiat

text: Frank Stella

text: Roy Lichtenstein

text: William Burroughs

text: Three Mile Island

text: Jesus Movement

text: evangelical

text: Christians

text: anti-materialism

text: Last Judgement

text: Christ child

text: Nativity

text: Episcopal

text: cathedrals

text: Tony Shafrazi

text: Documenta

text: Kassel

text: Germany

text: Public Art Fund

text: Times Square

text: Whitney Biennial

text: São Paulo

text: Biennial

text: CAPC

text: Bordeaux

text: retrospective

text: Whitney Museum

text: Museum of Contemporary Art Australia

text: Tony Shafrazi

text: Brooklyn Museum

text: De Young Museum

text: Tate Liverpool

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: Los Angeles County Museum of Art

text: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Bass Museum

text: Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris

text: Carnegie Museum of Art

text: Andy Warhol Museum

text: Ludwig Museum

text: Stedelijk Museum

text: Dobbs Ferry, New York

text: New York Law School

text: Tribeca

text: Hokuto, Yamanashi

text: Tony Shafrazi

text: Gladstone Gallery

text: catalogue raisonné

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: Planned Parenthood

text: Haring at the Exhibition

text: Lorenzo Ferrero

text: Triennale di Milano

text: LGBT History Month

text: The Universe of Keith Haring

text: Kenny Scharf

text: Yoko Ono

text: Jeffrey Deitch

text: Tony Shafrazi

text: Bill T. Jones

text: Madonna

text: Sticky and Sweet Tour

text: Into the Groove

text: jigsaw puzzle

text: Ravensburger

text: "Guinness Book of World Records"

text: Google Doodle

text: A Very Special Christmas

text: Special Olympics

text: A Very Special Christmas

text: Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade

text: Tim Finn

text: Before & After

text: LGBT culture in New York City

text: Reading Public Museum

text: Profile at the Keith Haring Foundation

text: Keith Haring in Melbourne

categories: 20th-century American painters,LGBT people from Pennsylvania,20th-century American artists,LGBT artists from the United States,American male painters,1958 births,1990 deaths,Gay artists,20th-century American printmakers,American graffiti artists,Painters from Pennsylvania,People from Kutztown, Pennsylvania,AIDS-related deaths in New York (state)

paragraph: Keith Haring

paragraph: Keith Allen Haring (May 4, 1958 – February 16, 1990) was an American artist whose pop art and graffiti-like work grew out of the New York City street culture of the 1980s.

paragraph: Haring's work grew to popularity from his spontaneous drawings in New York City subways—chalk outlines of figures, dogs, and other stylized images-on blank black advertising-space backgrounds. After public recognition he created larger scale works, such as colorful murals, many of them commissioned. His imagery has "become a widely recognized visual language". His later work often addressed political and societal themes—especially homosexuality and AIDS—through his own iconography.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Keith Haring was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, on May 4, 1958. He was raised in Kutztown, Pennsylvania, by his mother, Joan Haring, and father, Allen Haring, an engineer and amateur cartoonist. His family attended the United Church of God. He had three younger sisters, Kay, Karen and Kristen. He became interested in art at a very young age, spending time with his father producing creative drawings. His early influences included Walt Disney cartoons, Dr. Seuss, Charles Schulz, and the Looney Tunes characters in "The Bugs Bunny Show".

paragraph: In his early teenage years, Haring was involved with the Jesus Movement. Later, he hitchhiked across the country, while selling T-shirts that he made featuring the Grateful Dead and anti-Nixon shirts. He studied commercial art from 1976 to 1978 at Pittsburgh's Ivy School of Professional Art, but eventually lost interest. He was inspired to focus on his own art after reading "The Art Spirit" (1923) by Robert Henri. This influenced his decision to leave Pittsburgh's Ivy School of Professional Art after two semesters.

paragraph: Haring had a maintenance job at the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts and was able to explore the art of Jean Dubuffet, Jackson Pollock, and Mark Tobey. He was highly influenced around this time by a 1977 retrospective of Pierre Alechinsky's work and by a lecture that the sculptor Christo gave in 1978. From Alechinsky's work, he felt encouraged to create large images that featured writing and characters. From Christo, Haring was introduced to ways of incorporating the public into his art. His first important one-man exhibition was in Pittsburgh at the Center for the Arts in 1978.

paragraph: Haring moved to New York in 1978 to study painting at the School of Visual Arts. He also worked as a busboy during this time at the nightclub, Danceteria. While attending school he studied semiotics with Bill Beckley and experimented with video and performance art. Haring was also highly influenced in his art by the author William Burroughs.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early work.

paragraph: Haring first received public attention with his graffiti art in subways where he created white chalk drawings on a black, unused advertisement backboard in the stations. He considered the subways to be his "laboratory", a place where he could experiment and create his artwork and saw the black advertisement paper as a free space and “the perfect place to draw”. Starting in 1980, he organized exhibitions at Club 57, a gallery which hosted performances and exhibitions from emerging artists, which were filmed by the photographer Tseng Kwong Chi. Around this time, "The Radiant Baby", a crawling infant with emitting rays of light, became his most recognized symbol. He used it as his tag to sign his work while a subway artist. His images were primarily composed of solid, bold lines with vibrant colors.

paragraph: Symbols and images (such as barking dogs, flying saucers, and large hearts) became common in his work and iconography. The writings of Burroughs and Gysin inspired his work with lettering and words. In 1980, he created headlines from word juxtaposition and attached hundreds to lamp-posts around Manhattan. These included phrases like “REAGAN SLAIN BY HERO COP,” and “POPE KILLED FOR FREED HOSTAGE,” among others.

paragraph: That same year, in one of his earliest public projects, Haring altered a banner advertisement above a subway entrance in Times Square that showed a female embracing a male’s legs, blacking-out the first letter so that it essentially read “hardon” instead of “Chardón”, a French clothing brand (pictured here). He later used other forms of commercial material to spread his work and messages. This included mass producing buttons and magnets to hand out and working on top of subway ads.

paragraph: In 1981, he sketched his first chalk drawings on black paper and painted plastic, metal, and found objects. Haring would buy materials from hardware stores to use, such as tarpaulin or muslin, and he would utilize any medium that could provide a proper context for his work and/or could hold the marks. As a result, Haring’s works spread quickly and he became exceedingly more recognizable. He used his imagery during the last years of his life to speak about his illness and to generate activism and awareness about AIDS.

paragraph: By 1982, Haring had established friendships with fellow emerging artists Futura 2000, Kenny Scharf, Madonna, Yoko Ono, Boy George, Roy Lichtenstein and Jean-Michel Basquiat. He created more than 50 public works between 1982 and 1989 in dozens of cities around the world. He often used lines to show energy and movement. One of his early works, “Untitled”, in 1982 depicts two figures with a radiant heart-love motif, which critics have interpreted as a boldness in homosexual love and a significant cultural statement. His "Crack is Wack" mural, created in 1986, is visible from New York's FDR Drive. It was originally considered as vandalism by the New York Police Department and Haring was arrested. But after local media outlets picked up the story, Haring was released on a lesser charge. While in jail Haring's original work was vandalized. He later made an updated version of the mural on the same wall. This mural is an example of Haring’s use of consciousness raising rather than consumerism, “Crack is Wack” rather than “Coke is it.” In 1989, he criticized the avoidance of social issues such as AIDS through a piece called "Rebel with Many Causes" that revolves around a theme of "hear no evil, see no evil, speak no evil".

paragraph: Throughout the 1980s, Haring made art for a variety of sources, nightclubs and discotheques, such as the Palladium in Manhattan, MTV set decorations, a backdrop for the Philadelphia stage of the iconic 1985 Live Aid concerts for world hunger, walls on the Lower East Side, and props for various dance works. His works also included murals for the CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux, the Children’s Hospital in Washington, D.C., and the Necker Children’s hospital in Paris.

paragraph: Haring had an undeniable sexual quality to much of his work. Much of his work includes sexual allusions that turned into social activism. He achieved this by using sexual images to advocate for safe-sex and AIDS awareness.

paragraph: Andy Warhol, whom he became friends with, was the theme of several of his pieces, including "Andy Mouse". His friendship with Warhol would prove to be a decisive element in his eventual success. In December 2007, an area of the American Textile Building in the TriBeCa neighborhood of New York City was discovered to contain a painting of Haring's from 1979.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:International breakthrough.

paragraph: In 1982 Haring was featured in Documenta (Germany) and the São Paulo Biennale (Brazil). 1984, Haring visited Australia and painted murals in Melbourne (such as the 1984 'Detail-Mural at Collingwood College, Victoria') and Sydney, and received a commission from the National Gallery of Victoria and the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art to create a mural which temporarily replaced the water curtain at the National Gallery. He also visited and painted in Rio de Janeiro, the , the Whitney, Minneapolis and Manhattan. He continued to be politically active, designing a Free South Africa poster in 1985 and in the same year, worked on his project, Citykids Speak on Liberty which involved 1000 children. In spring 1986, he had his first solo museum exhibition at the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, where he also painted a mural on the museum's then-storage facility. In 1986, Haring was asked by the Checkpoint Charlie Museum to create a mural on the Berlin Wall. The mural was 300 meters long and depicted red and black interlocking human figures against a yellow background. The colors were a representation of the German flag and symbolized the hope of unity between East and West Germany.

paragraph: In April 1986, Pop Shop was opened in Soho and made Haring's work readily accessible to purchase at reasonable prices, though he was highly criticized for the commercialization of his work. Shirts, posters, and other items showing his work was sold there.The Pop Shop remained open after Haring's death and profits go to the Keith Haring Foundation.

paragraph: Commercialization therefore allowed Haring’s art to be easier and more affordable to own. Throughout his career, Haring made his art widely available through the location of his subway art and art on billboards, as well as through the Pop Shop. His attempts to make his work relatable and accessible to a wide audience can also be seen in his figures not having discernable ages, races, or identities. By the arrival of Pop Shop, his work began reflecting more socio-political themes, such as anti-Apartheid, AIDS awareness, and the crack cocaine epidemic. In 1987, he had his own exhibitions in Helsinki, Antwerp, and elsewhere. He also designed the cover for the benefit album "A Very Special Christmas", on which Madonna was included. In 1988, he joined a select group of artists whose work has appeared on the label of Chateau Mouton Rothschild wine.

paragraph: Haring also created public murals in the lobby and ambulatory care department of Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center on Flushing Avenue, Brooklyn.

paragraph: A rare video of Haring at work demonstrates his energetic style. In his journal, in 1978, he wrote: "I am becoming much more aware of movement. The importance of movement is intensified when a painting becomes a performance. The performance (the act of painting) becomes as important as the resulting painting." Haring would often work quickly, trying to create as much work as possible—sometimes completing as many as 40 paintings in a day.

paragraph: Haring collaborated with Grace Jones, whom he had met through Andy Warhol. In 1985, Haring and Jones worked together on the two live performances Jones at the Paradise Garage, which Robert Farris Thompson has called a "epicenter for black dance". Each time, Haring covered Jones' body with graffiti. He also collaborated with fashion designers Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren on their A/W 1983/84 Witches collection, with his artwork covering the clothing which was most famously worn by a pink-wigged Madonna for a performance of her song "Like a Virgin" on the British pop-music programme "Top of the Pops" and the American TV dance program "Solid Gold". Haring also collaborated with David Spada, a jewelry designer, to design the sculptural adornments for Jones.

paragraph: When Haring's friend died of a drug overdose in New York in 1988, he paid homage to him with his work "A Pile of Crowns, for Jean-Michel Basquiat".

paragraph: Haring was openly gay and used his work to advocate for safe sex. However, in 1988, he was diagnosed with AIDS.

paragraph: From 1982 to 1989, he was featured in more than 100 solo and group exhibitions and produced more than 50 public artworks in dozens of charities, hospitals, day care centers, and orphanages. He used his imagery during the last years of his life to speak about his illness and to generate activism and awareness about AIDS. In 1989, he was invited by the Lesbian and Gay Community Services Center to join a show of site-specific artwork for the building at 208 West 13th Street. He chose the second-floor men's room for his mural "Once Upon a Time". In June, on the rear wall of the convent of the Church of Sant'Antonio () in Pisa, he painted the last public work of his life, the mural "" (translation: "All world"). He died in 1990 at the age of 31.

paragraph: In June 2019, Haring was one of the inaugural fifty American “pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes” inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor within the Stonewall National Monument (SNM) in New York City’s Stonewall Inn. The SNM is the first U.S. national monument dedicated to LGBTQ rights and history, and the wall’s unveiling was timed to take place during the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Haring died on February 16, 1990, of AIDS-related complications. He is survived by his parents and three sisters. He is among those commemorated in the AIDS Memorial Quilt. As a celebration of his life, Madonna declared that the first New York date of her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour would be a benefit concert for Haring's memory and donated all proceeds from her ticket sales to AIDS charities including AIDS Project Los Angeles and amfAR; the act was documented in her film "Truth or Dare." Additionally, his work was featured in several of Red Hot Organization's efforts to raise money for AIDS and AIDS awareness, specifically its first two albums, "Red Hot + Blue" and "Red Hot + Dance", the latter of which used Haring's work on its cover. His art remains on display worldwide.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:The Keith Haring Foundation.

paragraph: In 1989, Haring established the Keith Haring Foundation to provide funding and imagery to AIDS organizations and children's programs. The foundation's stated goal is to keep Keith Haring's wishes and expand his legacy by providing grants and funding to nonprofit organizations that educate disadvantaged youths and inform the public about HIV and AIDS. It also shares his work and contains information about his life. The foundation also supports arts and educational institutions by funding exhibitions, educational programs, and publications.

paragraph: Section::::Influences.

paragraph: Haring's work demonstrates political and personal influences. References to his sexual orientation are apparent throughout his work, and his journals confirm its impact on his work. There are symbolic allusions to the AIDS epidemic in some of his later pieces, such as "Untitled (cat. no. 27)", "Silence=Death" and his sketch "Weeping Woman". In some of his works—including cat. no. 27—the symbolism is subtle, but he also produced some blatantly activist works. "Silence=Death", which mirrors the ACT UP poster and uses its motto, is almost universally agreed upon as a work of HIV/AIDS activism.

paragraph: Haring's use of commercial brands and flat, bold colors demonstrate the influence of Pop Art on his work.

paragraph: Haring was influenced by fellow artists, including Andy Warhol, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Frank Stella, and Roy Lichtenstein.

paragraph: In some of his art he drew connections between the end of the world and the AIDS virus. In a piece that he made with William Burroughs, he depicts the virus as demon-like creatures, the number “666,” and a mushroom cloud.

paragraph: Haring’s proximity to the nuclear meltdown at Three Mile Island had a large impact on him. His fear of nuclear disaster started to appear in his art. An example of this is a black and white striped flag that he said symbolized the danger of a nuclear apocalypse.

paragraph: Keith Haring was deeply influenced by the Jesus Movement as a youth, and it continued to play a role in his art for his entire career. The Jesus Movement was an extremely evangelical, loosely organized, diverse group of Christians. They were known for their anti-materialism and anti-establishment beliefs, focus on the Last Judgement, and their compassionate treatment of the poor. As a young teenager, Haring became very involved in the movement. Religious symbols started to be incorporated into his drawings around that age as well as Jesus Movement sentiments. This includes anti-church establishment views that can be seen in some of his later work. Though his time as a “Jesus Person” did not last beyond his teenage years, religious images, symbols, and references continued to appear in his art. In an interview near the end of his life he commented, “[All] that stuff stuck in my head and even now there are lots of religious images in my work…Some people even think my work is by a religious fanatic or maniac.” When he was a subway artist, Haring used a tag to sign his work. His tag (the Radiant Child) depicts a baby with lines radiating out of it, alluding to the Christ child. He continued to make images depicting the Christ child, including Nativity scenes in his characteristic style during his time as a subway artist. His last pieces were two religious triptychs; both went to Episcopal cathedrals. In them he illustrates the Last Judgement, though who is being saved in the pieces is ambiguous.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Haring contributed to the New York New Wave display in 1981 and in 1982, had his first exclusive exhibition in the Tony Shafrazi Gallery. That same year, he took part in Documenta 7 in Kassel, Germany, as well as Public Art Fund's "Messages to the Public" in which he created work for a Spectacolor Board in Times Square. He contributed work to the Whitney Biennial in 1983, as well as in the São Paulo Biennial. In 1985, the CAPC in Bordeaux opened an exhibition of his works, and he took part in the Paris Biennial.

paragraph: During his lifetime, Haring had over 50 one person shows, and, since his death, has been featured in over 150 exhibitions around the world.

paragraph: Haring has been the subject of several international retrospectives. His art was the subject of a 1997 retrospective at the Whitney Museum in New York, curated by Elisabeth Sussman. In 1996, a retrospective at the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia was the first major exhibition of his work in Australia. In 2008 there was a retrospective exhibition at the MAC in Lyon, France. In February 2010, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Haring's death, Tony Shafrazi Gallery showed an exhibition containing dozens of works from every stage of Haring's career. In March 2012, a retrospective exhibit of his work, "Keith Haring: 1978–1982", opened at the Brooklyn Museum in New York. In April 2013, "Keith Haring: The Political Line" opened at the and In November 2014, then at the De Young Museum in San Francisco. His work was exhibited in 2019 at Gladstone Gallery in Belgium.

paragraph: The first major UK exhibition of Haring’s work, featuring more than 85 artworks, is at Tate Liverpool from 14 June – 10 November 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: Haring's work is in major private and public collections, including the Museum of Modern Art, the Morgan Library and Museum, and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; the Art Institute of Chicago; the Bass Museum in Miami; Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris; the Brant Foundation Art Study Center in Greenwich, Connecticut; the Carnegie Museum of Art and the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh;the Ludwig Museum in Cologne; and the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam. He also created a wide variety of public works, including the infirmary at Children's Village in Dobbs Ferry, New York, and the second floor men's room in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center in Manhattan, which was later transformed into an office and is known as the Keith Haring Room. In January 2019 an exhibit called “Keith Haring’s New York” opened at New York Law School in the main building of its Tribeca campus.

paragraph: The Nakamura Keith Haring collection, established in 2007 in Hokuto, Yamanashi, Japan, is an art museum exhibiting exclusively the artworks of Keith Haring.

paragraph: Section::::Art market.

paragraph: Haring created the Pop Shop in 1986 SoHo district of Manhattan, selling T-Shirts, toys, posters and other objects that show his works—allowing his works to be accessible to a larger number of people.

paragraph: Haring was represented until his death by art dealer Tony Shafrazi. Since his death in 1990, his estate has been administered by the Keith Haring Foundation and the Pop Shop. The foundation has a twofold mission of supporting educational opportunities for underprivileged children and financing AIDS research and patient care. The foundation is represented by Gladstone Gallery.

paragraph: Section::::Art market.:Authentication issues.

paragraph: There is no catalogue raisonné for Haring; however, there is copious information about him available on the estate's website and elsewhere, enabling prospective buyers or sellers to research exhibition history. In 2012, the Keith Haring Foundation disbanded its authentication board; that same year, it donated $1 million to support exhibitions at the Whitney Museum of American Art and $1 million to Planned Parenthood of New York City's Project Street Beat. A 2014 lawsuit, filed by a group of nine art collectors at the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, argued that the foundation's actions have "limited the number of Haring works in the public domain, thereby increasing the value of the Haring works that the foundation and its members own or sell."

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Haring is the subject of a composition, "Haring at the Exhibition", written and performed by Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero in collaboration with DJ Nicola Guiducci. The work combines excerpts from popular chart music of the 1980s with samples of classical music compositions by Lorenzo Ferrero and synthesized sounds. It was featured at "The Keith Haring Show", an exhibition which took place in 2005 at the Triennale di Milano.

paragraph: In 2006, he was named by Equality Forum as one of their 31 Icons of LGBT History Month.

paragraph: In 2008, filmmaker Christina Clausen released the documentary "The Universe of Keith Haring". In the film, his legacy is "resurrected through colorful archival footage and remembered by friends and admirers such as artists Kenny Scharf and Yoko Ono, gallery owners Jeffrey Deitch and Tony Shafrazi, and the choreographer Bill T. Jones".

paragraph: Madonna, who was friends with Haring during the 1980s, used his art as animated backdrops for her 2008/2009 Sticky and Sweet Tour. The animation is standard Haring, featuring his trademark blocky figures dancing in beat to an updated remix of "Into the Groove".

paragraph: "Keith Haring: Double Retrospect" is a monster sized jigsaw puzzle by Ravensburger measuring in at with 32,256 pieces, breaking "Guinness Book of World Records" for the largest puzzle ever made. The puzzle uses 32 pieces of his work and weighs .

paragraph: On May 4, 2012, on what would have been Haring's 54th birthday, Google honored him in a Google Doodle.

paragraph: Haring created numerous public artworks with social messages, including the iconic image of a mother and child chosen to appear on the first A Very Special Christmas album benefitting Special Olympics in 1987. Through the decades, this image has graced subsequent albums in the collection, which has become the most successful benefit series in music history. The iconic image for the "A Very Special Christmas" compilation album consists of a typical Haring figure holding a baby. Its "Jesus iconography" is considered unusual in modern rock holiday albums.

paragraph: Haring had a balloon in tribute to him at the 2008 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.

paragraph: Tim Finn wrote the song "Hit The Ground Running", on his album Before & After, in memory of Keith Haring.

paragraph: In 2017, his sister Kay Haring wrote a children's book, "Keith Haring: The Boy Who Just Kept Drawing," which ranked among the top ten sellers every week for over a year in the Amazon category of Children's Art History.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- LGBT culture in New York City

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reading Public Museum, "Keith Haring: Journey of the Radiant Baby", Piermont, N.H. : Bunker Hill Publishing Co., 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Van Pee, Yasmine. "Boredom is always counterrevolutionary: art in downtown New York nightclubs, 1978–1985" (M.A. thesis, Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College, 2004).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at the Keith Haring Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keith Haring in Melbourne

description: American artist and social activist

enwikiquote_title: Keith Haring

wikidata_label: Keith Haring

wikipedia_title: Keith Haring


text:
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
California Institute of the Arts
Michael Asher
REDCAT
Artist's Site

categories: American artists,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Sayre Gomez

paragraph: Sayre Gomez (born 1982) is a contemporary American artist who lives and works in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Sayre Gomez was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1982. He received his BFA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 2005 and his MFA from the California Institute of the Arts in 2008. Gomez was a student of Michael Asher.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Sayre Gomez works in a variety of media including sculpture, sound, video, installation, and painting. His exhibitions reflect a highly considered approach to exhibition design. His paintings often reference windows, the juxtaposition of hyperrealism with blurred or abstract images, the Los Angeles streetscape, storefronts and signage, a smoky abstract motif, and the motif of a "thief", whose gloved hands appear in, and interact with, the picture plane.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Gomez's work has been included in solo exhibitions at Francois Ghebaly Gallery in Los Angeles, Ca., Galerie Parisa Kind in Frankfurt, DE., Michael Jon Gallery in Miami, Fl., Kavi Gupta Gallery in Chicago, Il., and The HOLE in New York, Ny. The artist has been included in group exhibitions at Galerie Nagel Draxler in Cologne, DE., Gavin Brown's Enterprise in New York, Ny., Galeria Marlboro, in Madrid, ES., REDCAT in Los Angeles, Ca., The Urban Institute for Contemporary Art in Grand Rapids, Mi., The University Art Gallery at University of California, Irvine, Ca. Gomez has also curated exhibitions at Night Gallery (in collaboration with JPW3) in Los Angeles, Ca., Steve Turner Gallery in Los Angeles, Ca., and Michael Jon Gallery in Miami, Fl.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: The Artist's work has been included in 100 New Artists, edited by Francesca Gavin and published by Lawrence King Publishers, in 2011, and Bright: Typography Between Illustration and Art, Edited By MAGMA Brand Design, published by DAAB in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artist's Site

description: artist

wikidata_label: Sayre Gomez

wikipedia_title: Sayre Gomez


text:
Paris Opera
Marie Taglioni
Meyerbeer
Robert le diable
Théophile Gautier

categories: French ballerinas,1809 births,People from Paris

paragraph: Louise Fitzjames

paragraph: Louise Fitzjames was a 19th-century ballerina. She was born on 10 December 1809 in Paris, and danced at Paris Opera from 1832 to 1846. When Marie Taglioni dropped out of Meyerbeer's "Robert le diable" after a few appearances, Fitzjames took on Taglioni's role of the Abbess. She danced the Abbess over 230 times. She was criticized by poet Théophile Gautier for her emaciated appearance. Other roles included those in "Le Dieu et la bayadere" and "La Jolie Fille de Gand" in 1842.

wikidata_label: Louise Fitzjames

wikipedia_title: Louise Fitzjames


text: samurai

text: Kamakura

text: Seiwa Genji

text: Minamoto no Yoritomo

text: Genkō War

text: Siege of Kamakura (1333)

text: Kamakura period

text: Emperor Go-Daigo

text: Kenmu Restoration

text: Mutsu Province

text: Dewa Province

text: Prince Nariyoshi

text: Kōzuke Province

text: Hōjō Tokiyuki

text: Kamakura

text: Prince Morinaga

text: Nitta Yoshisada

text: Hakone mountains

text: Kikuchi clan

text: Battle of Tatarahama (1336)

text: Hakata Bay

text: Battle of Minatogawa

text: Muromachi shogunate

text: Musō Soseki

text: Five Mountain System

text: Zen

text: Jissetsu

text: Ankoku-ji

text: Kannō

text: Kō no Moronao

text: deputy "shōgun"

text: Taiheiki

text: take the tonsure

text: Southern court

text: Go-Murakami

text: Kyoto

text: Kamakura

text: Moroyasu

text: Settsu Province

text: Taiheiki

text: Buddhist temple

text: Jōmyō-ji

text: Gidō Shūshin

text: Kamakura's Kubō

text: Ashikaga Ujimitsu

text: Ashikaga Takauji

text: Kenmu Restoration

text: Nanboku-chō period

categories: Samurai,People of Nanboku-chō-period Japan,Deaths by poisoning,14th-century Japanese people,Japanese people who died in prison custody,1352 deaths,1306 births,Ashikaga clan

paragraph: Ashikaga Tadayoshi

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The Ashikaga were a samurai family from Kamakura having blood ties with the Seiwa Genji, Minamoto no Yoritomo's clan. Unlike his brother Takauji, Tadayoshi took no part in the Kamakura shogunate's political activities until the Genkō War (1331–1333), a civil war whose conclusion (the Siege of Kamakura (1333)) marks the end of the Kamakura period and the beginning of the most turbulent period in Japan's history, the Muromachi era.

paragraph: Like his brother, Tadayoshi resolutely abandoned the Kamakura shogunate to ally himself with Emperor Go-Daigo during the Kenmu Restoration of 1333. When Go-Daigo had ascended to the throne in 1318, he had immediately manifested his intention to rule without interference from the military in Kamakura. The samurai class as a whole however was not ready to give away power, so the alliance between him and the Ashikaga was bound to be only temporary.

paragraph: Go-Daigo wanted to re-establish his rule in Kamakura and the east of the country without sending there a "shōgun", as this was seen, just a year from the fall of its shogunate, as still too dangerous. As a compromise, he sent his six-year-old son Prince Norinaga to Mutsu Province and nominated him Governor-General of the Mutsu and Dewa Provinces. In an obvious reply to this move, Tadayoshi, without an order from the Emperor escorted another of his sons, eleven-year-old Prince Nariyoshi (a.k.a. Narinaga) to Kamakura, where he installed him as governor of the Kōzuke Province with himself as a deputy and de facto ruler. The appointment of a warrior to such an important post was intended to show the Emperor that the samurai class was not ready for a purely civilian rule. Since he ruled without interference from Kyoto and the area in itself was in effect a miniature shogunate, this event can be considered the beginning of the Ashikaga shogunate.

paragraph: In 1335, during the Nakasendai Rebellion led by Hōjō Tokiyuki Tadayoshi, being unable to defend the city, had to leave Kamakura in a rush. Not being in the position to take along another son of Go-Daigo's, Prince Morinaga, whom he had kept as a hostage for several months, rather than letting him go he decided to have him beheaded.

paragraph: In Dec. 1335, Tadayoshi was defeated by imperial forces under the command of Nitta Yoshisada forcing his retreat to the Hakone mountains. However, with the aid of his brother Takauji, they were able to defeat Yoshisada at the battles of Sanoyama and Mishima. The brothers were then free to advance upon Kyoto.

paragraph: Their occupation of Kyoto was short lived however, as forces loyal to Go-Daigo forced the brothers to flee west. In April 1336, Ashikaga Tadayoshi, "drove the enemy before him" helping his brother defeat the Kikuchi clan, allies of Go-Daigo. This Battle of Tatarahama (1336) occurred in Hakata Bay. The victory enabled Takauji to become master of Kyushu.

paragraph: By May, Takauji was able to advance with a flotilla, reaching the environs of present-day Kobe in July. Tadayoshi followed in parallel with a land force.

paragraph: Turning against Go-Daigo, Tadayoshi and Takauji set up a rival emperor in 1336 after defeating the Loyalists in the Battle of Minatogawa. Their Muromachi shogunate was founded in 1338.

paragraph: Dividing power between them, Takauji took charge of military affairs and Tadayoshi of judicial and administrative matters.

paragraph: Both Tadayoshi and Takauji were disciples of famous Zen master, intellectual and garden designer Musō Soseki, under which guidance the first would later become a Buddhist monk. It was partly because of Soseki's influence that the pre-existing Five Mountain System network of Zen temples was expanded and strengthened, first with the establishment of the Jissetsu, and later with that of the Ankoku-ji temple sub-networks. The creation of both systems is generally attributed wholly to Tadayoshi. It was also Soseki which famously wrote about the two brothers, describing Takauji as more apt to military pursuits, and Tadayoshi to government.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The Kannō disturbance and Tadayoshi's death.

paragraph: Ashikaga Takauji was the formally-appointed shogun but, having proved incapable of ruling the country, for more than ten years Tadayoshi had governed in his stead. The relationship between the two brothers was however destined to be destroyed by the Kannō disturbance, an event which takes its name from the Kannō era (1350–1351) during which it took place, and which had very serious consequences for the entire country. Trouble between the two started when Takauji made Kō no Moronao his deputy "shōgun". According to the Taiheiki, Tadayoshi didn't like Moronao and, every other effort to get rid of him having failed, tried to have him assassinated. According to the same source, his plot was discovered and he was therefore removed from the government. In any event, Tadayoshi in 1350 was forced by Moronao to leave the government, and take the tonsure under the monastic name Keishin.

paragraph: In 1351 Tadayoshi rebelled and joined his brother's enemies, the Southern court, whose emperor, Go-Murakami appointed him general of all his troops. In 1351 he defeated Takauji, occupied Kyoto, and entered Kamakura. During the same year his forces killed Moronao and his brother Moroyasu at Mikage (Settsu Province). The following year Tadayoshi's fortunes turned and he was defeated by Takauji at Sattayama. A reconciliation between the brothers proved to be brief; Tadayoshi was sandwiched by two of Takauji's armies and fled to the hills of Izu in 1352. Shortly after an ostensible second reconciliation, Tadayoshi was captured and confined in the Kamakura Jomyoji monastery, where he died suddenly in March. According to the Taiheiki, by poisoning.

paragraph: Ashikaga Tadayoshi was buried at , a Buddhist temple which no longer exists, but whose ruins are now near Jōmyō-ji in Kamakura. The temple was founded on the grounds of Tadayoshi's former Kamakura residence, according to Jōmyō-ji's own records by Tadayoshi himself. According to the , the diary of priest Gidō Shūshin, in 1372 on the day of Tadayoshi's death Kamakura's Kubō Ashikaga Ujimitsu visited Daikyū-ji. The date of disappearance of the temple is unknown. He adopted Takauji is son as his Adopted son, Ashikaga Tadafuyu.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Ashikaga Sadauji (1273–1331)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Uesugi Kiyoko (1270–1343)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Shibukawa Yoriko later Honkoin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Ashikaga Nishimaru (1347–1351)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adopted son: Ashikaga Tadafuyu (1327–1387)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashikaga Takauji

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kenmu Restoration

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kamakura – The Muromachi and Edo periods

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nanboku-chō period

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Papinot, E. (1910). "Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan". 1972 Printing. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Tokyo, .

description: Japanese samurai

wikidata_label: Tadayoshi Ashikaga

wikipedia_title: Ashikaga Tadayoshi


text:
Italian
rally
World Rally Championship
Lancia Delta Integrale
Lancia
Jolly Club
Cesare Fiorio
Scuderia Ferrari
World Rally Championship
1986
Jolly Club
Fiat Uno Turbo
Rallye Sanremo
Peugeot
Lancia
FIA
1987 season
Group N
Lancia Delta HF 4WD
Production World Rally Championship
Group A
1988
Monte Carlo Rally
Rally Portugal
Olympus Rally
Acropolis Rally
Miki Biasion
Markku Alén
1989 season
Monte Carlo Rally
Lars-Erik Torph
Luigi Pirollo
Argentina
Rally Australia
Toyota
Juha Kankkunen
1990
1991
Ford Sierra RS Cosworth 4x4
1992 season
Astra Racing
Rally Catalunya
1993 season
1994
Ford Escort RS Cosworth
European Rally Championship
Cyprus Rally
1995
2000
2001
Ralliart Italia
2002
Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution 7
Rally Finland

categories: Italian rally drivers,World Rally Championship drivers,1965 births

paragraph: Alex Fiorio

paragraph: Alessandro "Alex" Fiorio (born 10 March 1965) is an Italian rally driver. He debuted in the World Rally Championship in 1986. Driving the dominant Lancia Delta Integrale for the Lancia "B-team" Jolly Club, he finished third in the drivers' world championship in 1988 and second in 1989. His father Cesare Fiorio was a former racer, the head of Lancia's factory WRC team and sporting director for Scuderia Ferrari.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Jolly Club (1986-90).

paragraph: Fiorio began his World Rally Championship career in 1986, competing for the Jolly Club team in five WRC events in a Fiat Uno Turbo. He retired in his first four rallies and then finished seventh at his home event, the Rallye Sanremo, where the stewards controversially disqualified the French Peugeot team and handed victory to home country's Lancia. As the FIA later annulled the results of the whole event, Fiorio lost his first drivers' championship points. In the 1987 season, Fiorio continued with Jolly Club and competed in a Group N Lancia Delta HF 4WD in six events. He took three wins in the production car class, and won the inaugural FIA Group N Cup (now the Production World Rally Championship). At the Rallye Sanremo, he competed with a Group A Delta HF 4WD and finished seventh overall, taking his first WRC points.

paragraph: In 1988, Fiorio drove a Delta Integrale in the WRC. He finished second at the Monte Carlo Rally, the Rally Portugal, the Olympus Rally and the Rallye Sanremo, and took third place at the Acropolis Rally in Greece, each time losing the win to fellow Delta drivers. These results placed him third in the drivers' world championship, behind Lancia factory team drivers Miki Biasion and Markku Alén.

paragraph: Fiorio's 1989 season started with a bad accident at the Monte Carlo Rally. He lost control of his Delta Integrale on the fifth stage, and crashed into the crowd at about 145 km/h (90 mph), killing two spectators – Swedish rally driver Lars-Erik Torph and his co-driver Bertil-Rune Rehnfeldt – and injuring three others. Fiorio and his co-driver Luigi Pirollo were unhurt. Fiorio went on to finish second in Argentina and Sanremo, third in Portugal and Greece and fourth at a new WRC round, the Rally Australia. With 65 points, he placed second in the drivers' championship, behind Biasion and ahead of Toyota's Juha Kankkunen. In 1990, Fiorio drove to his last podium finish with a Lancia factory team Delta Integrale 16V in Australia. With three other points-scoring finishes to his name, he placed ninth in the drivers' championship.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Later career.

paragraph: In 1991, Fiorio drove a Ford Sierra RS Cosworth 4x4 in four events with ninth place in Sanremo as his best result. The 1992 season saw him return to the wheel of a Delta Integrale with the Astra Racing team. He finished fourth at the Rally Argentina and at the Rally Catalunya, fifth at the Rallye Sanremo and seventh at the Acropolis Rally. Fiorio then continued with Astra in the 1993 season again competing in four selected events. His best result was fifth in Catalunya. In 1994, Fiorio competed in only two WRC events, retiring with a Ford Escort RS Cosworth in Portugal and taking fourth place with a Delta HF Integrale at the Acropolis Rally. In the European Rally Championship (ERC), he won the Cyprus Rally for the third year in a row. In his only world rally in 1995, he took his Escort RS Cosworth to eighth place in Portugal.

paragraph: After making a comeback to the WRC by competing at his home event in 2000 and 2001, Fiorio went on to do a full Production World Rally Championship programme for the Ralliart Italia team in 2002. He took his Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution 7 to production car class victory at the Rally Finland, and finished fifth in the PWRC drivers' championship. After retiring from the WRC, Fiorio has competed in the ERC and in the Italian Rally Championship.

description: Italian racing driver

wikidata_label: Alex Fiorio

wikipedia_title: Alex Fiorio


text: Saint

text: Mercedarian

text: Thomas O'Loughlin

text: proto-martyr

text: Richard the Lion-Heart

text: Leopold VI

text: Crusades

text: Acre

text: Reconquista

text: Alfonso VIII of Castile

text: Alfonso IX of León

text: Saint Peter Nolasco

text: Barcelona

text: Muslim

text: London

text: X-shaped cross

text: Baroque

text: Francisco Zurbarán

text: paintings

text: Pope Benedict XIII

text: Pope Benedict XIV

text: List of Catholic saints

categories: 13th-century Roman Catholic priests,1240 deaths,1179 births,English Roman Catholic saints,13th-century Roman Catholics,13th-century Roman Catholic martyrs

paragraph: Serapion of Algiers

paragraph: Saint Serapion of Algiers (1179 – 14 November 1240) was an English Roman Catholic Mercedarian priest and martyr. Thomas O'Loughlin says Serapion was Scottish by birth. Serapion is acknowledged as a proto-martyr. He was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom by being crucified and cut to pieces.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: It has been said that he once served in the armies of Richard the Lion-Heart and Leopold VI during the time of the Crusades. He accompanied his father during the Crusades in his childhood and was present at a battle at Acre in 1191. He participated in the Reconquista while serving in the armed forces for either Alfonso VIII of Castile or Alfonso IX of León. He met Saint Peter Nolasco in Barcelona and became a professed member of the Mercedarians in 1222. The Mercedarians' goal was to free Christian captives held in Muslim states. He was assigned to recruit for the order in England but pirates besieged the ship and left him for dead. He survived and wandered to London to preach which landed him in trouble and he was ordered to leave the town.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: There are various accounts of his death. By one account, he was beaten to death by French pirates at Marseilles.

paragraph: He made two journeys for the ransom of captives, in 1240. The first was to Murcia, in which he purchased the liberty of ninety-eight slaves: the second to Algiers, in which he redeemed eighty-seven, but remained himself a hostage for the full payment of the money. A widely circulated early account holds that the ransom did not arrive in time and so his captors decided to have him killed. He was nailed on an X-shaped cross and was dismembered.

paragraph: The most authoritative account comes from the early annals of the Mercedarians. "Captured in Scotland by English pirates, Serapion was bound by the hands and feet to two poles, and was then beaten, dismembered, and disemboweled. Finally, his neck was partly severed, leaving his head to dangle."

paragraph: The Baroque artist Francisco Zurbarán depicts the death of Serapion in one of his paintings.

paragraph: Pope Benedict XIII declared him a martyr, and approved his veneration in his Order, by a decree in 1728. Pope Benedict XIV added him to the Roman Martyrology. Serapion is commemorated on 14 November.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic saints

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Den hellige Serapion av Alger (1179-1240)

description: Irish saint

wikidata_label: Serapion of Algiers

wikipedia_title: Serapion of Algiers


text:
Villingen-Schwenningen
Baden-Württemberg
German
nordic combined
2003 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
Val di Fiemme
1998 Winter Olympics
Nagano
Germany
Official website

categories: German male Nordic combined skiers,People from Villingen-Schwenningen,Nordic combined skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics,1975 births,FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined,Living people

paragraph: Thorsten Schmitt

paragraph: Thorsten Scmitt (born September 20, 1975 in Villingen-Schwenningen, Baden-Württemberg) is a German nordic combined skier who has been competing since 1998. He won a silver medal in the 4 x 5 km team event at the 2003 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Val di Fiemme.

paragraph: Schmitt competed in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, finishing sixth in the 4 x 5 km team event.

paragraph: Schmitt's lone individual victory occurred in 1998 in a 15 km individual event in Germany.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: German Nordic combined skier

wikidata_label: Thorsten Schmitt

wikipedia_title: Thorsten Schmitt