text: Luxembourgish American

text: photographer

text: painter

text: art gallery

text: museum

text: curator

text: Alfred Stieglitz

text: Camera Work

text: Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession

text: fashion photographs

text: Condé Nast

text: Vogue

text: Vanity Fair

text: J. Walter Thompson

text: documentary

text: The Fighting Lady

text: Academy Award

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: The Family of Man

text: Bivange

text: Luxembourg

text: Pio Nono College

text: high school

text: lithography

text: Kodak

text: Robert Schade

text: naturalization

text: Mary

text: Marion H. Beckett

text: leukemia

text: Montauk, New York

text: Alfred Stieglitz

text: Camera Work

text: logo

text: typeface

text: Autochrome Lumière

text: Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession

text: Henri Matisse

text: Auguste Rodin

text: Paul Cézanne

text: Pablo Picasso

text: Constantin Brâncuși

text: engraving

text: Leopold-Emile Reutlinger

text: Nadar

text: half-tone reproduction

text: genre

text: Adolph de Meyer

text: Longchamp Racecourse

text: Frères Séeberger

text: La Gazette du Bon Ton

text: fashion as a fine art through photography

text: couturier

text: Paul Poiret

text: Pictorialist

text: World War I

text: American Expeditionary Forces

text: straight photography

text: fashion photography

text: Condé Nast

text: Gloria Swanson

text: Greta Garbo

text: delphinium

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Colonel

text: Naval Aviation Photographic Unit

text: Lieutenant-Commander

text: Wayne Miller

text: Charles Fenno Jacobs

text: silver gelatin photographs

text: Harry Ransom Center

text: University of Texas at Austin

text: documentary

text: The Fighting Lady

text: Academy Award

text: Alfred H. Barr, Jr.

text: Beaumont Newhall

text: Grace M. Mayer

text: Ansel Adams

text: Ansel Adams

text: Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: The Family of Man

text: Clervaux (Luxembourgish: Klierf) Castle

text: Carl Sandburg

text: John Szarkowski

text: Presidential Medal of Freedom

text: U.S. President

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

text: René d’Harnoncourt

text: Plaza Hotel

text: West Redding, Connecticut

text: The Pond—Moonlight

text: List of most expensive photographs

text: Mamaroneck, New York

text: Charles Caffin

text: autochrome

text: light-sensitive gums

text: Mudam

text: Baltimore Museum of Art

text: American Institute of Architects

text: George Eastman House

text: Horten

text: Eduard Steichen: Four Paintings in Context

text: Hollis Taggart Galleries

text: Edward J. Steichen Online

text: Edward Steichen Photographs

text: Edward Steichen at Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain from June 25, 2008, to September 22, 2008

text: "A list of the 1963 recipients of the Medal of Freedom"

text: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum

text: Edward Steichen Archive at The Museum of Modern Art

categories: Luxembourgian emigrants to the United States,People associated with the Museum of Modern Art (New York),Photography critics,Photography curators,Artists from New York City,Fashion photographers,1879 births,1973 deaths,War photographers,Portrait photographers,Vogue (magazine) people,Disease-related deaths in Connecticut,Vanity Fair (magazine) people,20th-century American photographers,People from Redding, Connecticut,Alumni of the Académie Julian,Photographers from New York (state),American curators

paragraph: Edward Steichen

paragraph: Edward Jean Steichen (March 27, 1879 – March 25, 1973) was a Luxembourgish American photographer, painter, and art gallery and museum curator.

paragraph: Steichen's were the photographs that most frequently appeared in Alfred Stieglitz's groundbreaking magazine "Camera Work" during its publication from 1903 to 1917. Together Stieglitz and Steichen opened the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession, which eventually became known as '291', after its address.

paragraph: Steichen laid claim to his photos of gowns for the magazine "Art et Décoration" in 1911 being the first modern fashion photographs ever published. From 1923 to 1938, Steichen was a photographer for the Condé Nast magazines "Vogue" and "Vanity Fair" while also working for many advertising agencies including J. Walter Thompson. During these years, Steichen was regarded as the best known and highest paid photographer in the world. In 1944, he directed the war documentary "The Fighting Lady", which won the 1945 Academy Award for Best Documentary.

paragraph: From 1947 to 1961, Steichen served as Director of the Department of Photography at New York's Museum of Modern Art. While at MoMA, he curated and assembled exhibits including "The Family of Man", which was seen by nine million people.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Steichen was born Éduard Jean Steichen in Bivange, Luxembourg, the son of Jean-Pierre and Marie Kemp Steichen. Jean-Pierre Steichen first immigrated to the United States in 1880. Marie Steichen brought the infant Éduard along once Jean-Pierre had settled in Chicago, in 1881. The family, with the addition of Éduard's younger sister Lilian, moved to Milwaukee in 1889, when Steichen was 10.

paragraph: In 1894, at fifteen, Steichen began attending Pio Nono College, a Catholic boy's high school, where his artistic talents were first noticed; his drawings in particular were said to show promise. He quit high school to begin a four-year lithography apprenticeship with the American Fine Art Company of Milwaukee. After hours, he would sketch and draw, and began to teach himself painting. Having discovered a camera shop near his work, he visited frequently until he persuaded himself to buy his first camera, a secondhand Kodak box "detective" camera, in 1895. Steichen and his friends who were also interested in drawing and photography pooled together their funds, rented a small room in a Milwaukee office building, and began calling themselves the Milwaukee Art Students League. The group also hired Richard Lorenz and Robert Schade for occasional lectures.

paragraph: Steichen became a U.S. citizen in 1900 and signed the naturalization papers as Edward J. Steichen; however, he continued to use his birth name of Éduard until after the First World War.

paragraph: Steichen married Clara Smith in 1903. They had two daughters, Katherine and Mary. In 1914, Clara accused her husband of having an affair with artist Marion H. Beckett, who was staying with them in France. The Steichens left France just ahead of invading German troops. In 1915, Clara Steichen returned to France with her daughter Kate, staying in their house in the Marne in spite of the war. Steichen returned to France with the Photography Division of the American Army Signal Corps in 1917, whereupon Clara returned to the United States. In 1919, Clara Steichen sued Marion Beckett for having an affair with her husband, but was unable to prove her claims. Clara and Eduard Steichen eventually divorced in 1922. Steichen married Dana Desboro Glover in 1923. She died of leukemia in 1957. In 1960, aged 80, Steichen married 27-year-old Joanna Taub and remained married to her until his death, two days before his 94th birthday. Joanna Steichen died on July 24, 2010, in Montauk, New York, aged 77.

paragraph: Section::::Partnership with Stieglitz.

paragraph: Clarence H. White thought Steichen and Stieglitz should meet. White produced an introduction letter for Steichen and Steichen, then "en route" to Paris from his home in Milwaukee, met Alfred Stieglitz in New York City in 1900. In that first meeting, Stieglitz expressed praise for Steichen's background in painting and bought three of Steichen's photographic prints.

paragraph: In 1902, when Stieglitz was formulating what would become "Camera Work", he asked Steichen to design the logo for the magazine with a custom typeface. Steichen was the most frequently shown photographer in the journal.

paragraph: In 1904, Steichen began experimenting with color photography. He was one of the earliest in the United States to use the Autochrome Lumière process. In 1905, Stieglitz and Steichen created the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession, which eventually became known as 291 after its address. It presented some of the first American exhibitions of Henri Matisse, Auguste Rodin, Paul Cézanne, Pablo Picasso, and Constantin Brâncuși.

paragraph: Section::::Pioneering fashion photography.

paragraph: Fashion photography began with engravings reproduced from photographs of modishly-dressed actresses by Leopold-Emile Reutlinger, Nadar and others in the 1890s. After high-quality half-tone reproduction of photographs became possible, most credit as pioneers of the genre goes to the French Baron Adolph de Meyer and to Steichen who, borrowing his friend’s hand-camera in 1907, candidly photographed dazzlingly-dressed ladies at the Longchamp Racecourse Fashion then was being photographed for newspaper supplements and fashion magazines, particularly by the Frères Séeberger, as it was worn at Paris horse-race meetings by aristocracy and hired models.

paragraph: In 1911, Lucien Vogel, the publisher of "Jardin des Modes" and "La Gazette du Bon Ton", challenged Steichen to promote fashion as a fine art through photography. Steichen took photos of gowns designed by "couturier" Paul Poiret, which were published in the April 1911 issue of the magazine "Art et décoration." Two were in colour, and appeared next to flat, stylised, yellow-and-black Georges Lepape drawings of accessories, fabrics, and girls.

paragraph: Steichen himself, in his 1963 autobiography asserted that his 1911 "Art et décoration" photographs were the "first serious fashion photographs ever made", a generalised claim since repeated by many commentators. What he (and de Meyer) did bring was an artistic approach; a soft-focus, aesthetically retouched Pictorialist style that was distinct from the mechanically sharp images made by his commercial colleagues for half-tone reproduction, and that he and the publishers and fashion designers for whom he worked appreciated as a marketable idealisation of the garment, beyond the exact description of fabrics and buttonholes.

paragraph: After World War I, during which he commanded the photographic division of the American Expeditionary Forces, he gradually reverted to straight photography for his fashion photography and was hired by Condé Nast in1923 for the extraordinary salary of $35,000 (equivalent to over $0.5M in 2019 value).

paragraph: Steichen's 1924 portrait of Gloria Swanson is considered an iconic image of both Swanson and the silent film era, while a 1928 photo of actress Greta Garbo is recognized as one of the definitive portraits of Garbo.

paragraph: Section::::World War 2.

paragraph: At the commencement of WW2, Steichen, then in his sixties, had retired as a photographer and was developing new varieties of delphinium, which in 1936 had been the subject of his first exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, and the only flower exhibition ever held there.

paragraph: When America joined the global conflict, Steichen, who had come out of the first World War an Army Colonel, was refused for active service because of his age. Later, invited by the Navy to serve as Director of the Naval Aviation Photographic Unit, he was commissioned a Lieutenant-Commander in January 1942. Steichen selected for his unit six officer-photographers from the industry (sometimes irreverently called "Steichen's chickens"), including photographers Wayne Miller and Charles Fenno Jacobs. A collection of 172 silver gelatin photographs taken by the Unit under his leadership is held at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. Their war documentary "The Fighting Lady," directed by Steichen, won the 1945 Academy Award for Best Documentary.

paragraph: In 1942 Steichen curated for the Museum of Modern Art the exhibition "Road to Victory," five duplicates of which toured the world. Photographs in the exhibition were credited to enlisted members of the Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps and numbers by Steichen's unit, while many were anonymous and some were made by automatic cameras in Navy planes operated while firing at the enemy. This was followed in January 1945 by "Power in the Pacific: Battle Photographs of our Navy in Action on the Sea and In the Sky."

paragraph: In December 1943 Captain Steichen was aboard an aircraft carrier which was torpedoed in the Pacific.

paragraph: Section::::Museum of Modern Art.

paragraph: In the summer of 1929, Museum of Modern Art director Alfred H. Barr, Jr. had included a department devoted to photography in a plan presented to the Trustees. Though not put in place until 1940, it became the first department of photography in a museum devoted to twentieth-century art and was headed by Beaumont Newhall. On the strength of attendances of his propaganda exhibitions "Road to Victory" and "Power in the Pacific", and precipitating curator Newhall's resignation along with most of his staff, in 1947 Steichen was appointed Director of Photography until 1962, later assisted by Grace M. Mayer.

paragraph: His appointment was protested by many who saw him as anti art photography, one of the most vocal being Ansel Adams who on April 29, 1946, wrote a letter to Stephen Clark (copied to Newhall) to express his disappointment over Steichen’s hiring for the new position of director; “To supplant Beaumont Newhall, who has made such a great contribution to the art through his vast knowledge and sympathy for the medium, with a regime which is inevitably favorable to the spectacular and 'popular' is indeed a body blow to the progress of creative photography.”

paragraph: Nevertheless, Ansel Adams' image "Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico" was first published in "U.S. Camera Annual 1943", after being selected by Steichen, who was serving as judge for the publication. This gave "Moonrise" an audience before its first formal exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in 1944.

paragraph: Steichen as director held a strong belief in the local product, of the "liveness of the melting pot of American photography,’’ and worked to expand and organise the collection, inspiring and recognising the 1950s generation while keeping historical shows to a minimum. He worked with Robert Frank even before his "The Americans" was published, exhibited the early work of Harry Callahan and Aaron Siskind, and purchased two Rauschenberg prints in 1952, ahead of any museum. Steichen also kept international developments in his scope and held shows and made important acquisitions from Europe and Latin America, occasionally visiting those countries to do so. Three books were published by the Department during his tenure ("The Family of Man", "Steichen the Photographer", and "The bitter years: 1935-1941 : rural America as seen by the photographers of the Farm Security Administration" Despite his solid career in photography, Steichen displayed his own work at MoMA—his retrospective, "Steichen the Photographer"—only after he had already announced his retirement in 1961.

paragraph: Among accomplishments that were to redeem initial resentment at his appointment, Steichen created "The Family of Man", a world-touring Museum of Modern Art exhibition that, while arguably a product of American Cold War propaganda, was seen by 9 million visitors and still holds the record for most-visited photography exhibit. Now permanently housed and on continuous display in Clervaux (Luxembourgish: Klierf) Castle in northern Luxembourg, his country of origin, Steichen regarded the exhibition as the "culmination of his career.". Comprising over 500 photos that depicted life, love and death in 68 countries, the prologue for its widely purchased catalogue was written by Steichen's brother-in-law, Carl Sandburg. As had been Steichen's wish, the exhibition was donated to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

paragraph: Section::::Museum of Modern Art.:MoMA exhibitions curated or directed by Steichen.

paragraph: The following are exhibitions curated or directed by Steichen during his tenure as Director of Photography at The Museum of Modern Art:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947: "Three Young Photographers": Leonard McCombe, Wayne F. Miller, Homer Page, September 30–December 7

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948: "In and Out of Focus: A Survey of Today's Photography". “A survey of photography today, including prints by 76 photographers from many parts of the country, the first large exhibition organized by Captain Edward J. Steichen, Director of the Museum's Department of Photography”, April 6–July 11

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948: "50 Photographs by 50 Photographers". “50 prints from the Museum Collections that form an abbreviated history of the development of pictorial photography during the past 100 years.” July 27–September 26

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948: "Photo-Secession (American Photography 1902–1910)," September 29–November 28

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948/1949 "Photographs by Bill Brandt, Harry Callahan, Ted Croner, Lisette Model", November 30, 1948–February 10

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949: "This Exact Instant, Events And Pages in 100 Years of News Photography", February 8–May 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949: "Roots of Photography", comprising works by Hill and Adamson, Julia Margaret Cameron and Henry Fox Talbot, April 26–July 24

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949: "Realism in Photography." Works by Ralph Steiner, Wayne F. Miller, Tosh Matsumoto, Frederick Sommer, July 26–September 25

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949: "Photographs by Margaret Bourke-White, Helen Levitt, Dorothea Lange, Tana Hoban, Esther Bubley, and Hazel-Frieda Larsen". “Sixty prints by 6 women photographers” October 11–November 15

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950: "Roots of French Photography", November 29, 1949–January 15

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950: "Photographs of Picasso by Gjon Mili and by Robert Capa", January 24–March 19,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950: "Photography Recent Acquisitions: Stieglitz, Atget", March 28–May 7,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950: "Color Photography", May 9–July 4,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950: "Photographs by 51 Photographers", August 1–September 17,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950: "Photographs by Lewis Carroll", September 26–December 3,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: "Korea - The Impact of War in Photographs", February 13–April 22,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: "Abstraction in Photography", May 1–July 4,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: "12 Photographers", July 12–August 12,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: "Forgotten Photographers", August 23–November 4,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: "Memorable 'Life' Photographs", November 20–December 12,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952: "Christmas Photographs", November 29, 1951–January 6,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952: "Five French Photographers", December 18, 1951–February 24,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952: "We Create for Pleasure", January 23–March 2,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952: "Diogenes with a Camera", May 20–September 1,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952: "Then and Now", August 5–18,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953: "Always the Young Strangers", February 26–April 1,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953: "Postwar European Photography", May 26–August 23,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955: "The Family of Man", January 24–May 8,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956: "Diogenes with a Camera III", January 17–March 18,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956: "Diogenes with a Camera IV", April 4–June 3,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956/7: "Language of the Wall: Parisian Graffiti Photographed by Brassaï", October 24, 1956 – January 13, 1957

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958: "70 Photographers Look at New York", November 27, 1957–April 15, in collaboration with Grace Mayer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959: "Photographs from the Museum Collection", November 26, 1958–January 18,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960: "Photographs for Collectors", October 1–16, “Photographs for Collectors, more than 250 prints by 66 photographers…priced at $25 and up, in color or in black and white, some framed for hanging. Styles range from photo-journalism to abstraction…and…familiar classics of photography

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "Photographs by Harry Callahan and Robert Frank", January 30–April 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "50 Photographs by 50 Photographers", April 3–May 15,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "The Bitter Years: 1935–1941", October 18–November 25, selected by Steichen (described in the press release as ‘Director Emeritus’) from 270,000 taken for the F.S.A., assisted by picture researcher Davis Pratt for an installation designed by Kathleen Haven.

paragraph: In the latter years of his tenure after her appointment by Steichen as Assistant Curator, it was Grace Mayer, 'overseen' by Steichen, who selected and organised the shows "Recent Acquisitions" (December 21, 1960 – February 5, 1961), 1960: "The Sense of Abstraction", February 17–April 10, "Steichen the Photographer" (March 28–May 30, 1961), A Bid For Space (4 installations, 1960 to 1963), "Diogenes with a Camera V" (September 26–November 12, 1961), and "Walker Evans: American Photographs" (June 8, 1962 – February 14, 1963).

paragraph: Steichen hired John Szarkowski to be his successor at the Museum of Modern Art on July 1, 1962. On his appointment Szarkowski promoted Mayer to Curator.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: On December 6, 1963, Steichen was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.

paragraph: In 1968 the Edward Steichen Archive was established in MoMA’s Department of Photography. The Museum’s then-Director René d’Harnoncourt declared that its function was to "amplify and clarify the meaning of Steichen’s contribution to the art of photography, and to modern art generally.” Creator of the Archive was Grace M. Mayer, who in 1959 started in her career assistant to the director, Steichen, and who became Curator of Photography in 1962, retiring in 1968.

paragraph: Steichen's 90th birthday was marked with a dinner gathering of photographers, editors, writers, and museum professionals at the Plaza Hotel in 1969. The event was hosted by MoMA trustee Henry Allen Moe, and U.S. Camera magazine publisher Tom Maloney.

paragraph: In 1970, an evening show was presented in Arles during The Rencontres d'Arles festival: "Edward Steichen, photographe" by Martin Boschet.

paragraph: Steichen bought a farm that he called Umpawaug in 1928, just outside West Redding, Connecticut. He lived there until his death on March 25, 1973, two days before his 94th birthday. After his death, Steichen's farm was made into a park, known as Topstone Park. As of 2018, Topstone Park was open seasonally.

paragraph: Mayer returned after her retirement to serve in a voluntary capacity as Curator of the Edward Steichen Archive until the mid-1980s to source materials by, about, and related to Steichen. Her detailed card catalogues are housed in the Museum's Grace M. Mayer Papers.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Steichen's career, especially his activities at MoMA, did much to popularise and promote the medium, and both before and since his death photography, including his own, continued to appreciate as a collectible art form.

paragraph: In February 2006, a print of Steichen's early pictorialist photograph, "The Pond—Moonlight" (1904), sold for what was then the highest price ever paid for a photograph at auction, U.S. $2.9 million. (See List of most expensive photographs).

paragraph: Steichen took the photograph in Mamaroneck, New York near the home of his friend, art critic Charles Caffin. It shows a wooded area and pond, with moonlight appearing between the trees and reflecting on the pond. While the print appears to be a color photograph, the first true color photographic process, the autochrome process, was not available until 1907. Steichen created the impression of color by manually applying layers of light-sensitive gums to the paper. Only three prints of the "Pond—Moonlight" are still known to exist and, as a result of the hand-layering of the gums, each is unique. (The two prints not auctioned are held in museum collections.) The extraordinary sale price of the print is in part attributable to its one-of-a-kind character and to its rarity.A show of early color photographs by Steichen was held at the Mudam (Musée d'Art moderne) in Luxembourg City from July 14 to September 3, 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900 Photo Club. Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900 Mrs. Arthur Robinson Home. Milwaukee (USA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1901 La Maison des Artistes , Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902 Photo-Club, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902 Eduard Steichen, Paintings and Photographs; Maison des artistes; Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1905 Photo-Secession Gallery, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1906 "Photographs by Eduard Steichen"; Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession (291 Gallery); New York, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1908 "Eduard Steichen, Photographs in Monochrome and Color"; Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession; New York, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1909 Photo-Secession Gallery, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 Photo-Secession Gallery, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 Montross Gallery. London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 Little Gallery. New York City (USA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1915 M. Knoedler & Company, New York (USA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 Museum of Modern Art, New York ( USA )

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Edward Steichen"; Baltimore Museum of Art ; Baltimore, Maryland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Retrospective", Baltimore Museum of Art (USA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 Edward Steichen, Retrospective; American Institute of Architects Headquarters; Washington , D.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 "Steichen the Photographer"; Museum of Modern Art; New York, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 "Retrospective", Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 Allan Frumkin Gallery. Chicago (USA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 Museum of Modern Art. New York (USA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 George Eastman House, Rochester ( USA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 "Edward Steichen"; Whitney Museum of American Art; New York, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 "Edward Steichen: Art as Advertising/ Advertising as Art"; Norsk Museum for Fotografi-Preus Fotomuseum; Horten, Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Hollywood Celebrities: Edward Steichen", Kunsthal Rotterdam, Netherlands, 17 Jan – 25 Apr

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Edward Steichen, Botschaft von Luxemburg", Germany, 22 Apr – 21 May

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Hollywood Celebrity: Edward Steichen’s Vanity Fair Portraits", Multimedia Art Museum, Russia, 14 Mar – 14 May

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Steichen; une épopée photographique," Jeu de Paume, France, 9 Oct – 30 Dec

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Edward Steichen", Palazzo Magnani, Italy, 30 Apr – 8 Jun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Edward Steichen: Lives in Photography / Une épopée photographique", Musée de l'Elysée, Switzerland, 18 Jan – 24 Mar

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Edward Steichen: Une Epopée Photographique", Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Spain, 25 Jun – 22 Sep

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Edward Steichen: In High Fashion 1923-1937", Kunsthaus Zürich, Switzerland, 11 Jan – 30 Mar

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Edward Steichen: 1915-1923", Howard Greenberg Gallery, USA, 20 Mar – 16 May

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Edward Steichen: In High Fashion", Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg, Germany, 11 Oct 2008 – 2 Jan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Edward Steichen: In High Fashion the Condé Nast Years, 1923–1937", Williams College Museum of Art, USA, 6 Jun – 8 Nov

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Edward Steichen: In High Fashion, The Condé Nast Years, 1923–1937", International Center of Photography, USA, 16 Jan – 3 May

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Edward Steichen: The Early Years", Museum of Photographic Arts, USA, 31 Jan – 17 May

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009/10: "Edward Steichen. In High Fashion, the Condé Nast Years, 1923–1937", AGO Art Gallery Ontario, Canada, Canada, 26 Sep 2009 – 3 Jan 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Edward Steichen: Celebrity Design", Museum Folkwang, Germany, 6 Nov 2010 – 16 Jan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Edward Steichen: The Last Printing", Danziger Gallery, USA, 15 Sep – 29 Oct

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Edward Steichen: gli anni Condé Nast", Fondazione Sozzani, Italy, 20 Nov 2011 – 12 Feb

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Edward Steichen", Museum of Photography, Denmark, 12 Oct 2012 – 9 Feb

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "In High Fashion: the Condé Nast Years, 1923–1937", foam Fotografiemuseum Netherlands, 28 Jun – 6 Sep

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Modern Age Light and Shadow: 1923-1937", Setagaya Art Museum, Japan, 26 Jan – 7 Apr

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Talk of the Town: Portraits by Edward Steichen from the Hollander Collection", LACMA Museum, USA, 3 Aug – 8 Dec

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Sharp, Clear Pictures. Edward Steichen's World War I and Condé Nast Years", Art Institute of Chicago, USA, 28 Jun – 28 Sep

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Edward Steichen & Art Deco Fashion, National Gallery of Victoria, Australia, 18 Oct 2013 – 2 Mar

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Steichen in the 1920s and 1930s: A Recent Acquisition", Whitney Museum Art, USA, 6 Dec 2013 – 1 Aug

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014/ 2015: "In High Fashion: Edward Steichen, The Conde Nast Years 1923 - 1937", Photographers' Gallery UK, 31 Oct 2014 – 18 Jan 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Edward Steichen", Galerie Clairefontaine, Luxembourg, 8 Sep – 17 Oct

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Edward Steichen In High Fashion. The Condé Nast Years. 1923-1937", Multimedia Art Museum, Russia, 9 Sep – 22 Nov

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "In High Fashion: Edward Steichen", WestLicht, Austria, 18 Feb – 24 May

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "Making Meaning of a Legacy: Edward Steichen", Centre for Fine Arts - Bozar, Belgium, 13 Nov 2015 – 5 Jan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Twentieth-Century Photographer Edward Steichen", DeCordova Museum, US, 7 Oct 2016 – 26 Mar

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Group.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900 "The New School of American Photography;" Royal Photographic Society; London, England and Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902 "American Pictorial Photography"; National Arts Club; New York, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 "Salon International de Photographie", Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1905 Opening Exhibition; Little Galleries of the Photo Secession; New York, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1906 "Photographs Arranged by the Photo Secession"; Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 "The Younger American Painters"; Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession; New York, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 "International Exhibit of Pictorial Photography"; Albright Art Gallery; Rochester , New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 "Murals by American Painters and Photographers"; Museum of Modern Art; New York, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 "The Family of Man", MOMA, New York (USA)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steichen, Edward (1955). "The Family of Man: The Greatest Photographic Exhibition of All Time". New York: Maco Pub. Co for the Museum of Modern Art.

paragraph: BULLET::::- DePietro, Anne Cohen (1985). "The Paintings of Eduard Steichen". Huntington, NY: The Heckscher Museum. (Exhibition Catalog).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sandeen, Eric J. (1995). "Picturing an Exhibition: The Family of Man and 1950's America". University of New Mexico Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Niven, Penelope (1997). "Steichen: A Biography". New York: Clarkson Potter. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Joel (1999). "Edward Steichen: The Early Years". Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haskell, Barbara (2000). "Edward Steichen". New York: Whitney Museum of American Art.

paragraph: BULLET::::- DePietro, Anne Cohen; Goley, Mary Anne (2003). "Eduard Steichen: Four Paintings in Context". Hollis Taggart Galleries.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mitchell, Emily (2007). "The Last Summer of the World". Norton. (A fictional narrative about Steichen.)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward J. Steichen Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Steichen Photographs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Steichen at Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain from June 25, 2008, to September 22, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- —David Joseph (DJ) Marcou's cover-story "Edward Steichen, HonFRPS: Renaissance Man" in March 2004 RPS Journal, pp. 72–75.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Triond link to David J. Marcou's article "From Luxembourg and America to the World: Edward Steichen's Photographic Legacy" relating to Mr. Steichen's Wisconsin background, in particular, can be found on La Crosse History Unbound Website.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A list of the 1963 recipients of the Medal of Freedom", John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Steichen Archive at The Museum of Modern Art

alias:
Edward Jean Steichen
Éduard Jean Steichen
Edward J. Steichen
Edward J Steichen
Edowādo Sutaiken
Eduoard J. Steichen
Edowado Sutaiken
Eduard Jean Steichen
Eduard J. Steichen
Edouard J. Steichen
Eduard-Jean Steichen
Edowadpo Sutaiken
Eduard Steichen
Edouard Jean Steichen

description: American photographer, artist and curator

enwikiquote_title: Edward Steichen

wikidata_label: Edward Steichen

wikipedia_title: Edward Steichen


text:
Bishop of Teruel
Grand Inquisitor
Spain
Aranda de Duero
Bishop of Teruel
consecrated
bishop
Ferdinand VI of Spain
Grand Inquisitor
Spain
Spanish Inquisition

categories: Grand Inquisitors of Spain,18th-century Spanish people,Roman Catholic bishops in Spain,1755 deaths,People from the Province of Burgos,1677 births

paragraph: Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta

paragraph: Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta (1677–1755) was Bishop of Teruel from 1732 to 1755 and Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 1746 to 1755.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta was born in Aranda de Duero on December 8, 1677. He was appointed Bishop of Teruel on August 14, 1732 and consecrated as a bishop on December 7, 1732. On July 26, 1746, Ferdinand VI of Spain appointed him Grand Inquisitor of Spain (and thus head of the Spanish Inquisition), and he received his commission on August 22, 1746. He died on July 9, 1755.

description: Prelate

wikidata_label: Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta

wikipedia_title: Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta


text: Sinto

text: Holocaust survivor

text: Netherlands

text: floral industry

text: Zutphen

text: Nazis

text: Westerbork transit camp

text: Roma

text: Porajmos

text: Auschwitz concentration camp

text: Dutch resistance

text: Mittelbau-Dora

text: horticulture

text: Het Loo Palace

text: Suriname

text: Amsterdam

text: landscape architecture

text: art history

text: Guinness Book of World Records

text: Dutch royal family

text: Queen Beatrix

text: Prince Willem-Alexander

text: Dutch Auschwitz Committee

text: International Auschwitz Committee

text: Bundestag

text: Holocaust Remembrance Day

text: European Commission

text: Viviane Reding

text: Order of Orange-Nassau

categories: Holocaust survivors,1937 births,Dutch Sinti people,Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau,Living people

paragraph: Zoni Weisz

paragraph: Zoni Weisz (born Johan Weisz, 4 March 1937) is a Sinto Holocaust survivor from the Netherlands working in the Dutch floral industry.

paragraph: Weisz was the oldest of four children of Jacoba and John Weisz from Zutphen, Netherlands. In May 1944, the family was ordered by the Nazis to be deported to the Westerbork transit camp with other Sinti and Roma during the Porajmos. Zoni made a brief escape with his aunt, but they were quickly found and arrested. They were then deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp.

paragraph: The rest of his family were sent on a deportation train to Auschwitz, but a Dutch police officer and member of the Dutch resistance put Weisz on a separate train that allowed him to eventually escape to his grandparent's home for the remainder of the war. His mother and siblings were all killed at Auschwitz, while his father was killed at the Mittelbau-Dora camp.

paragraph: After the war, Weisz returned to school and began to study horticulture during an internship at Het Loo Palace. After this training, he performed two years of military service in Suriname. Afterwards, he worked at a flower merchant in Amsterdam and studied landscape architecture and art history. In 1958, he took over this business and became a well-known florist, and was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for having created the world's largest flower arrangement. He has created works for the Dutch royal family, including arrangements for the inauguration of Queen Beatrix and the wedding of Prince Willem-Alexander.

paragraph: Weisz speaks regularly about his experience during the Holocaust. He is a member of the Dutch Auschwitz Committee and the International Auschwitz Committee. He was the keynote speaker at a 2007 United Nations exhibition, "The Holocaust Against the Roma and Sinti and present-day racism in Europe". On 27 January 2011, he was the first Roma or Sinti to address the German Bundestag at the official Holocaust Remembrance Day ceremony, speaking about the liberation of Auschwitz. In his speech Mr Weisz pleaded for better treatment of Roma in Europe and praised the "clear words" of European Commission Vice-President Viviane Reding in the defense of the rights of the Roma against the group expulsions from France in the summer of 2010.

paragraph: Queen Beatrix appointed Weisz to Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau for his commitment to the Sinti and Roma communities, and for his work in the Dutch floral industry.

wikidata_label: Zoni Weisz

wikipedia_title: Zoni Weisz


text: Zagreb

text: Croatia

text: Central School of Art and Design

text: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts

text: Sava

text: Académie de France à Rome

categories: Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design,University of Zagreb faculty,20th-century Croatian artists,Members of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts,1933 births,Croatian sculptors,Vladimir Nazor Award winners,Contemporary artists,Artists from Zagreb,Croatian women artists,Living people,21st-century Croatian artists

paragraph: Marija Ujević-Galetović

paragraph: Marija Ujević Galetović (born 20 October 1933 in Zagreb) is a Croatian sculptor, but also works in the medium of painting. She lives and works in Zagreb, Croatia.

paragraph: Section::::Work and artistic career.

paragraph: Her work includes portraits and figures. She studied sculpture at the Central School of Art and Design in London. Since 1987 she has been teaching at the Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb, where she was appointed full professor in 1995. She is also an active member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. She is the author of numerous outdoor and indoor public sculptures including sculptures in: Virovitica, Vrsar, Zagreb, Marija Bistrica, Sinj, Cres, Rijeka, Osijek, Labin, Visoko, Bihać and Novi Sad. Some notable public sculptures include: the "Miroslav Krleža monument" in Osijek, the "Miroslav Krleža monument" in Zagreb, the "August Šenoa monument" in Zagreb, the sculpture "Runner" on the Sava River embankment in Zagreb, the "Frane Petrić monument" in Cres, the "Jakov Gotovac monument" in Osor and the "Sterija Popović monument" in Novi Sad.

paragraph: She has had many solo exhibitions in Croatia and abroad, including exhibitions at Gallery Forum (Zagreb, 1980, 1992), Gallery Sebastian (Dubrovnik, 1981), Gallery Sebastian (Belgrade, 1984), Ex Granai della Repubblica a Zitellelle (Venice, 1991), Académie de France à Rome in the Villa Medicis (Rome, 1991), HDLU (Croatian Association of Artists, Zagreb, 2005), Croatian Embassy in Rome (Rome, 2009) and Gallery Močibob (Zagreb 2010).

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Award for the "Seljačka buna (Peasant Uprising) Monument Proposal" (Zagreb, 1970).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Award for the "Kozara Monument Proposal" (Sarajevo, 1971).

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Prize for the "August Cesarec Monument Proposal" (Zagreb, 1973).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Realization Award for the "Miroslava Krleža monument".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zagreb Salon Award (Zagreb, 1982).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Croatian Sculpture Triennial Award (Zagreb, 1986).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Award for the "August Šenoa Monument" (Zagreb, 1987).

paragraph: BULLET::::- City of Zagreb Award (Zagreb, 1989).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zagreb Salon Award (Zagreb, 1990).

paragraph: Section::::Published works on Marija Ujević Galetović.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Banov, Ivo Šimat, "Marija Ujević Galetović" (Kontura, 2007).

description: Croatian sculptor

wikidata_label: Marija Ujević-Galetović

wikipedia_title: Marija Ujević-Galetović


text: Imperial Austrian

text: French Revolutionary Wars

text: Napoleonic Wars

text: Freiherr

text: general officer

text: Abaúj County

text: Kingdom of Hungary

text: Rittmeister

text: Chevauleger

text: War of the First Coalition

text: Battle of Riegel

text: Military Order of Maria Theresa

text: Feldmarschallleutnant

text: Proprietor

text: Oberst

text: Hussar

text: Battle of Caldiero

text: War of the Third Coalition

text: General-major

text: War of the Fifth Coalition

text: Feldzeugmeister

text: Johann Kollowrat

text: Jäger

text: Johann von Klenau

text: army corps

text: Danube

text: Battle of Aspern-Essling

text: Michael von Kienmayer

text: Battle of Wagram

text: Armand von Nordmann

text: Grenz Infantry

text: Mikulov (Nikolsburg)

text: Bohemia

text: Josef Philipp Vukassovich

text: Konstantin Ghilian Karl d'Aspré

text: Seven Years' War

text: August Vécsey

text: Petre, F. Loraine

text: Digby Smith

categories: Vécsey family,Austrian generals,18th-century Hungarian people,18th-century Austrian people,Hungarian nobility,19th-century Hungarian people,1809 deaths,Barons of Austria,Austrian Empire military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars,Austrian Empire commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,Hungarian generals,1768 births

paragraph: Peter von Vécsey

paragraph: Peter, Freiherr von Vécsey or Peter Vécsey de Hernádvécse et Hajnácskeő (; 13 July 1768 – 21 July 1809) was an Imperial Austrian military commander of Hungarian descent who took part in the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. As a "Freiherr" (Baron), he was a member of the Austrian landless nobility. He make his mark while leading cavalry units and advanced in rank to become a general officer in 1808. He led an independent brigade during part of the 1809 campaign, and was mortally wounded while leading his troops in battle.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Peter Vécsey de Hernádvécse et Hajnácskeő was born into a military family on 13 July 1768 at Bodolló, Abaúj County in the Kingdom of Hungary. Having joined the army at age 17, Vécsey served in the Austrian cavalry. As a "Rittmeister", he served in the "Kaiser" Chevauleger Regiment Nr. 1 during the War of the First Coalition, leading 15 troopers in a notable action on 25 August 1796, in which he captured a large number of French prisoners. He was also involved in a brilliant action at the Battle of Riegel on 20 October that year, when he led a charge that captured an enemy outpost, with its defending infantry and two guns. After being wounded in this action, he received the Military Order of Maria Theresa as well as the noble title of Freiherr. A relative, Feldmarschallleutnant Siegbert Vécsey de Hernádvécse et Hajnácskeő (1739–1802) was the Proprietor of "Vécsey" Hussar Regiment Nr. 34 (later Nr. 4) from 1791 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Napoleonic Wars.

paragraph: Vécsey became renowned for leading from the front. He became "Oberst" (Colonel) of the "Archduke Ferdinand" Hussar Regiment Nr. 3, which he led at the Battle of Caldiero on 29–31 October 1805 during the War of the Third Coalition. On 14 August 1808 he was promoted to "General-major". In 1809 during the War of the Fifth Coalition, he was given command of a brigade in the Austrian II Armeekorps, which was led by Feldzeugmeister Johann Kollowrat. His brigade included the 7th and 8th Jäger Battalions, the 2nd Battalion of the "Archduke Charles" Legion, the "Klenau" Chevauleger Regiment Nr. 5, and a brigade battery with eight 3-pound cannons. The division commander was Feldmarschallleutnant Johann von Klenau. At the beginning of the campaign, his brigade was detached from its army corps and served as an independent link between the I and II Armeekorps north of the Danube and the III, IV, V, VI, I Reserve, and II Reserve Armeekorps south of the river. The brigade operated on the south bank.

paragraph: At the Battle of Aspern-Essling on 21 and 22 May 1809, Vécsey led a cavalry brigade consisting of the "Vincent" Chevauleger Regiment Nr. 4 and the "Klenau" Chevaulegers. His division commander was Feldmarschallleutnant Michael von Kienmayer. At the Battle of Wagram on 5 and 6 July, he commanded a brigade in Feldmarschallleutnant Armand von Nordmann's Advance Guard. His unit was made up of the "Wallach-Illyrian" Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 13, the "Hessen-Homburg" Hussars Nr. 4, and six 6-pound guns of a cavalry battery. He was fatally wounded leading his men during the second day of the battle. He died at Mikulov (Nikolsburg) in Bohemia on 21 July 1809, having never married. Vécsey was one of four Austrian generals slain or mortally wounded at Wagram, the others being Feldmarschallleutnants Josef Philipp Vukassovich, Konstantin Ghilian Karl d'Aspré, and Nordmann. He was the nephew of General-Major Stephan Vécsey de Vécse et Hajnácskeö (1719–1802), a veteran of the Seven Years' War. Another relative, "General-Major" August Vécsey de Hernádvécse et Hajnácskeő also led a brigade at Wagram.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bowden, Scotty & Tarbox, Charlie. "Armies on the Danube 1809". Arlington, Texas: Empire Games Press, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hollins, David - "Austrian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars 1792-1815", Osprey Publishing, Elite 101. 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petre, F. Loraine. "Napoleon and the Archduke Charles". New York: Hippocrene Books, (1909) 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pivka, Otto von. (Digby Smith) "Armies of the Napoleonic Era". New York: Taplinger Publishing, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Digby and Kudrna, Leopold (compiler). napoleon-series.org "Austrian Generals of 1792-1815: August Vécsey"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Digby and Kudrna, Leopold (compiler). napoleon-series.org "Austrian Generals of 1792-1815: Peter Vécsey"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Digby and Kudrna, Leopold (compiler). napoleon-series.org "Austrian Generals of 1792-1815: Siegbert Vécsey"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Digby and Kudrna, Leopold (compiler). napoleon-series.org "Austrian Generals of 1792-1815: Stephan Vécsey"

description: Austrian-Hungarian general

wikidata_label: Peter von Vécsey

wikipedia_title: Peter von Vécsey


href: Achaemenid Lycia Great%20Satraps%27%20Revolt Datames Mithrapata Perikle satrap

text:
Achaemenid
Lycia
Great Satraps' Revolt
Datames
Mithrapata
Perikle
satrap

categories: Lycians,Military leaders of the Achaemenid Empire,4th-century BC Iranian people,Satraps of the Achaemenid Empire

paragraph: Artumpara

paragraph: Artumpara, also Arttum̃para, Artembares (Persian name, *Rtambura, self-identified as "the Mede) was an Achaemenid Satrap of Lycia circa 400-370 BCE. He was involved in the Great Satraps' Revolt on the side of central Achaemenid authority in 366-360 BCE, helping to put down the rebel Datames. He is well known for his coinage.

paragraph: Artumpara is known to have competed for power with another man named Mithrapata. It is thought he was defeated by Perikle.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: The portrait of Artumpara appears on his coinage, wearing the Achaemenid satrapal headdress.

wikidata_label: Artumpara

wikipedia_title: Artumpara


text: Middle Temple

text: Bernhard Samuelson

text: Popular Science Review

text: William Crookes

text: Quarterly Journal of Science

text: Liverpool Operative Trades Hall

text: Claughton

text: Liberal-Labour

text: Birkenhead

text: 1874 UK general election

text: Liverpool Kirkdale

text: 1885 UK general election

text: East Renfrewshire

text: 1886 UK general election

text: profit sharing

text: William Gladstone

text: Bram Stoker

text: Dracula

text: London Library

text: Roumania Past and Present

categories: English memoirists,English barristers,1829 births,English non-fiction writers,People from Liverpool,Legal writers

paragraph: James Samuelson

paragraph: James Samuelson (1829-1919) was a Liverpool industrialist, magazine founder and editor, barrister of the Middle Temple and prolific British non-fiction author known for his works on the history of the Balkans and on social and philosophical topics.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: James Samuelson was born in Liverpool in 1829 to Samuel and Sarah Samuelson. His older brother, Bernhard Samuelson, became a Member of Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Samuelson's early career was as a science teacher and writer on microscopy about which he published several books in 1860. In 1861 he founded the quarterly "Popular Science Review" which he sold to the medical writer Henry Lawson in 1864. He then immediately co-founded and edited with William Crookes the more academic "Quarterly Journal of Science" which was innovative in breaking with the tradition of anonymous content of similar journals. This he sold to Crookes in 1870.

paragraph: Around this time he decided to study law and became a barrister of the Middle Temple. He became increasingly involved with social and political topics and wrote books on "The German Working Man" (1869) and "Work, Wages, and the Profits of Capital" (1872), and continued to produce works on labour and social topics such as temperance for the rest of his life. In 1869, he was the president of the Liverpool Operative Trades Hall. In 1882, he was living at Claughton, Birkenhead.

paragraph: Samuelson stood three times for Parliament, as a Liberal-Labour candidate: in Birkenhead at the 1874 UK general election, and in Liverpool Kirkdale at the 1885 UK general election, and in East Renfrewshire at the 1886 UK general election, taking third place on each occasion.

paragraph: Samuelson also ran a seed crushing business, and in the mid-1890s he started a profit sharing scheme with his employees. In 1890, he launched "Subjects of the Day", which included commentary on current affairs and whose contributors included William Gladstone, but it was closed by the publishers after only four issues.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Samuelson died in 1919. In 2018 it was discovered that Bram Stoker, author of "Dracula" (1897), had consulted a copy of Samuelson's "Roumania Past and Present" (1882) in the London Library as research when writing his book.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:1860s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Honey-bee: its natural history, habits, anatomy, and microscopical beauties". Van Voost, 1860. (with Branton Hicks J.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Humble Creatures. The earth worm and the common house fly. In eight letters by J. Samuelson, assisted by J. B. Hicks." London, 1860.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "(Humble Creatures: Pt. 2.) The Honey-Bee; its natural history, habits, anatomy, and microscopical beauties. With tinted illustrations. By J. Samuelson, assisted by J. B. Hicks. Also two chapters on Instinct and Reason; being an introduction to the study of Comparative Psychology, by the same author." London, 1860.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Continuity in Civilisation, as illustrated by the connection between our own culture and that of the ancient world. An essay read before the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society." London, 1869.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The German Working Man, his institutions for selfculture, and his unions for material progress". London, 1869.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:1870s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Views of the Deity, traditional and scientific: a contribution to the study of theological science &c." London, 1871.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Work, Wages, and the Profits of Capital: an essay on the Labour Question." London, 1872.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Natural Foundation of Religion". London, 1876.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The History of Drink. A review, social, scientific, and political." 1878. (2nd edition 1880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Useful information for intending Emigrants to the Western Prairies of the United States, etc." George Philip & Son, London, 1879.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:1880s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "National Reform Union. W. E. Gladstone, scholar, statesman, orator and financial reformer. An address ... to the Liberals of Preston, etc." H. J. Infield, London, [1880].

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roumania Past and Present". Longmans & Co., London, 1882.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Digest of the Corrupt Practices Act [46 and 47 Vic. c. 51], its aims and chief provisions." Philip & Son, London, [1883].

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shall Russian treachery win the day? An appeal to Englishmen. With a diagram showing the advance of Russia upon Constantinople." Trübner & Co., London, 1886.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bulgaria Past and Present; Historical, Political, and Descriptive". Trübner, London, 1888.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:1890s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "India past and present historical, social and political". Trübner & Co., London, 1890. [1889]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boards of Conciliation and Arbitration for the settlement of labour disputes." Kegan Paul & Co., London, 1891.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boards of Conciliation in Labour Disputes ... A short address to the artizans and labourers of Liverpool, etc." Rockliff Bros., Liverpool, 1892.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Labour-Saving Machinery : An Essay on the effect of Mechanical Appliances in the Displacement of Manual Labour in various Industries". Kegan Paul, London, 1893.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Greece; her present condition and recent progress &c." Sampson Low & Co., London, 1894.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Civilisation of our Day. A series of original essays on some of its more important phases at the close of the nineteenth century. By expert writers." S. Low & Co., London, 1896. (editor)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Footsteps in Human Progress, secular and religious. A short series of letters to a friend." Swan Sonnenschein & Co., London, 1898.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:1900s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drink and Compensation. An essay on licensing reform." George Routledge & Sons, London, 1903.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "James Samuelson's Recollections: being some experiences and reflections mainly on subjects of the day, etc." Simpkin, Marshall & Co., London, [1907].

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lament of the Sweated." P. S. King & Son, London, 1908.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Human Race; its past, present and probable future. An essay." Swan Sonnenschein & Co., London, 1910. [1909]

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:1910s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Children of our Slums: Their Sufferings, Protection, Rescue, Training & Afterlife. To which is added the "Children Act, 1908"". Liverpool Booksellers' Co., Liverpool, and Simpkin, Marshall & Co., London. [1911]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drink, Past, Present, & Probable Future, With Some of its Bearings on the War. An essay." Philip, Son & Nephew, Liverpool, & Day & Bath, Sidmouth. [1916]

wikidata_label: James Samuelson

wikipedia_title: James Samuelson


text:
Hugh IV, King of Cyprus
Battle of Crécy
Battle of Ardres

categories: 1351 deaths,Medieval French knights,1316 births,14th-century French people

paragraph: Édouard I de Beaujeu

paragraph: Édouard I de Beaujeu (11 April 1316 - 8 June 1351) a Marshal of France, Lord of Beaujeu and Montpensier was a 14th century French noble.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born on 11 April 1316, he was a son of Guichard VI de Beaujeu and Marie de Châtillon. He succeeded his father as Lord of Beaujeu from 1331. In 1340, he participated in the French campaign in Flanders and distinguished himself at the siege of Mortagne against William II of Hainaut. During 1344 he put himself at the service of the Hugh IV, King of Cyprus and led his troops to Smyrna against the Ottomans. He again distinguished himself at the siege of Angoulême in 1345. He become Lord of Montpensier from 1346. Beaujeu took part in the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and was appointed Marshal of France in 1347. In 1349 he became Captain-General of Picardy and Artois. On 8 June 1351, while leading a French army against the English at the Battle of Ardres, he was killed, however the French were victorious.

paragraph: He was buried in Belleville Abbey, Rhône.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: By a marriage contract dated 12 February 1333 he married Marie de Thil (died 4 March 1360), a daughter of Jean I de Thil and Agnes de Frobois. They are known to have had the following issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antoine de Beaujeu (died 1374), married Béatrice de Chalon, had no issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite de Beaujeu (died 1402), married Jacques de Savoie.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Père Anselme , Histoire généalogique de la maison royale de la France et des grands officiers de la couronne , Paris, Compagnie des libraires associez, 1730 [1692] , p. 724.

alias:
Edouard Ier de Beaujeu
Édouard I de Beaujeu

description: French military personnel

wikidata_label: Édouard Ier de Beaujeu

wikipedia_title: Édouard I de Beaujeu


text:
Glasgow
University of Glasgow
Margaret McPhun
Women's Social and Political Union
Holloway
Holloway Prison

categories: 1940 deaths,Alumni_of_the_University_of_Glasgow,Scottish suffragists,1880 births

paragraph: Frances McPhun

paragraph: Frances Mary McPhun (1880 - 1940) was a Scottish suffragette who served two months in Holloway prison.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Frances Mary McPhun was born in Glasgow in 1880. She studied at the University of Glasgow, graduating with an MA degree, and winning prizes in Political Economy, Moral Philosphy and English Literature. She and her sister Margaret McPhun joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). She arranged a pageant of famous Scottish women for a women's suffrage procession in Edinburgh in October 1909. She was honorary organising secretary for the Scottish Suffrage Exhibition in 1910, and was honorary secretary of the Glasgow branch of the WSPU in 1911-1912. She and her sister were amongst dozens jailed for smashing government office windows in March, 1912. She served two months hard labour in Holloway. The sisters used the name "Campbell" to hide their background when they were arrested. When they were released from Holloway Prison after two months they were given medals by the WSPU to record their hunger strikes. Although the sisters had agreed that they would choose to drink from a cup to avoid being force fed through a nasal tube.. She was very active in by-election campaigns in the west of Scotland . Frances McPhun died in 1940 in Glasgow

description: Scottish suffragist

wikidata_label: Frances McPhun

wikipedia_title: Frances McPhun


text: late medieval

text: Scottish

text: bastard

text: Sir James "the Black" Douglas

text: Robert I

text: William 1st Earl of Douglas

text: earldom of Douglas

text: entail

text: James 2nd Earl of Douglas

text: Battle of Otterburn

text: crusade

text: Battle of Teba

text: Moors

text: Walter Bower

text: King David II

text: Château Gaillard

text: Normandy

text: Auld Alliance

text: Battle of Poitiers

text: King John II

text: France

text: Black Prince

text: Michaelmas

text: Burnt Candlemas

text: chivalric

text: Froissart

text: William Ramsay of Colluthie

text: Constable

text: Edinburgh Castle

text: Sheriff of Edinburgh

text: Warden of the Western March

text: Annandale

text: raid

text: Lord Warden of the Marches

text: de Moravia

text: jure uxoris

text: Bothwell Castle

text: ward

text: Aberdeenshire

text: Moray

text: Ross

text: Lanarkshire

text: Roxburghshire

text: Earldom of Strathearn

text: Queen Margaret

text: Avignon

text: Pope Urban V

text: Robert II

text: Treaty of Vincennes

text: Treaty of Corbeil

text: Lord of Galloway

text: fiefdom

text: King John

text: Edward Balliol

text: Dervorguilla of Galloway

text: Alan, Lord of Galloway

text: Norse-Gaelic

text: Galwegians

text: Kingdom of the Isles

text: Earldom of Wigtown

text: Thomas Fleming, Earl of Wigtown

text: seal

text: Dalhousie

text: Haddington

text: Berwick

text: Melrose

text: Threave Castle

text: Sweetheart Abbey

text: Dumfries

text: Buittle

text: Kirkcudbright

text: Douglas

text: James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas

text: Battle of Otterburn

text: magnate

text: feudal law

text: Robert III

text: Archibald, Master of Douglas

text: David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay

text: George I, Earl of March

text: Lochnaw Castle

text: Threave Castle

text: Bothwell

text: Archibald Douglas

text: James Douglas

text: David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay

text: Walter de Haliburton

text: Treasurer of Scotland

text: George de Lawedre of Haltoun

text: Provost of Edinburgh

text: illegitimate

text: Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale

text: Robert II

text: Fraser, Sir William

text: Fordun, John of

text: Skene, W.F.

text: Froissart

text: Lord Berners

text: Macaulay, G.C.

text: East Linton

text: Maxwell, Sir Herbert

text: George Crawfurd

text: The Stewart Trilogy

categories: 1400 deaths,History of Galloway,Earls of Douglas,Earls of Wigtown,1328 births,House of Douglas and Angus,People of the Hundred Years' War

paragraph: Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas

paragraph: Archibald Douglas, Earl of Douglas and Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Douglas and Bothwell, called Archibald the Grim or Black Archibald, was a late medieval Scottish nobleman. Archibald was the bastard son of Sir James "the Black" Douglas, Robert I's trusted lieutenant, and an unknown mother. A first cousin of William 1st Earl of Douglas, he inherited the earldom of Douglas and its entailed estates as the third earl following the death without legitimate issue of James 2nd Earl of Douglas at the Battle of Otterburn.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was an infant when his father went on crusade and was killed at the Battle of Teba whilst fighting the Moors. According to Walter Bower, ""He was dark and ugly more like a coco [cook-boy] than a Noble."" Jean le Bel in his chronicle describes Douglas, as an adult, as a large man capable of wielding a huge sword. It has been suggested that the young Archibald spent time with his cousin William at the court in exile of King David II at Château Gaillard in Normandy. It was only natural for them to take service with the French King. This was in keeping with the spirit of the Auld Alliance.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Poitiers.

paragraph: Archibald's first major appearance in history is recorded in 1356 at the Battle of Poitiers where he was captured by the English. Archibald had accompanied his cousin, William Lord of Douglas, to serve King John II of France in his wars against the Black Prince. Edward III of England had concluded truce negotiations with the Scots lasting from 25 March until Michaelmas, following the Burnt Candlemas of 2 February. During the truce, Earl William had secured safe passage to travel to Château Gaillard to visit David II; amongst his entourage was the 28-year-old Archibald. Once in France, in the chivalric spirit of the age the Douglases joined the French army, to prevent their harnesses rusting through inactivity.

paragraph: The battle was a disastrous defeat for the French. It was suggested by Froissart that part of the blame lay with Earl William, for his suggestion to the French king that his knights dismount and fight on foot. Whatever the cause, King John was captured along with many noblemen, including Black Archibald. Earl William evaded capture.

paragraph: Archibald's armour and harness were of fine construction, and he was thought to be a valuable prisoner by his captors.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Poitiers.:Escape.

paragraph: His escape from English hands in 1356 was aided by one Sir William Ramsay of Colluthie, also a prisoner of the English. In the presence of one of the guards, Ramsay pretended to be furious with Archibald and accused him of the theft of his cousin's armour. Furthermore, he stated that his cousin had been felled by an English arrow and had died as a result of his lack of protection. Ramsay then insisted that Archibald take off his boots. Archibald concurred and by the time he had removed one, Ramsay started beating him around the head with it. One of the guards intervened to stop Ramsay, insisting that Archibald was the son of a great noble and should be respected. Ramsay retorted, "Not he, I tell you, he is a scullion and a rogue", then to Archibald, "Go you rascal, and seek your master's body amongst the slain, so that we may at least give him a decent burial". Ramsay paid the fee of 40 shillings, the ransomable rate of an esquire. Ramsay cuffed Archibald round the head once more and bade him begone. Archibald made his way back to Scotland, and deprived the Black Prince's army of what would have been a considerable ransom.

paragraph: Section::::Rise to prominence.

paragraph: Black Archibald was appointed Constable of Edinburgh Castle in 1361, which along with the office of Sheriff of Edinburgh, he held until 1364. In that year, he was also appointed Warden of the Western March. This was an uneasy appointment, as the English held Annandale, which formed the greater part of his new jurisdiction.

paragraph: In the following years, he carried out numerous raids against the English. In 1368, Douglas was appointed Lord Warden of the Marches and was successful in ousting the English from Annandale completely by 1383.

paragraph: Section::::Rise to prominence.:De Moravia marriage.

paragraph: Archibald further increased his power by his marriage to the widow and heiress Joanna de Moravia in 1362. Joanna de Moravia was the daughter of Thomas Murray and granddaughter of Sir Andrew Murray. Archibald is said to have offered to fight five English knights in single combat for her hand. The Lady of Bothwell and heiress to the de Moravia dynasty, Joanna brought with her large estates and lordships throughout Scotland, which Archibald claimed "de jure uxoris". This included the semi-ruined Bothwell Castle, which he promptly started to rebuild. The marriage was a device of the king to ensure that the Moray inheritance would be passed into safe (and loyal) hands. Since the death of Joanna's first husband, Sir Thomas de Moravia, the Lord of Bothwell, in 1361, she and her widowed mother had been wards of the court. Joanna was declared to be not only heiress of her father's unentailed lands, but also those of her first husband. The estates stretched from Aberdeenshire, Moray and Ross in the north, to Lanarkshire and Roxburghshire in the south. Although Douglas did not inherit his wife's father's Earldom of Strathearn, Douglas would be able to use his newfound kindred ties to the advantage of the King in the centre of the kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Rise to prominence.:Embassies.

paragraph: Archibald was sent on two embassies to France, in 1369 and 1371. The first of these was to protest against the appeal launched by the newly divorced Queen Margaret at the court in Avignon of Pope Urban V. The second embassy was to Paris, with a view to renewing the Auld Alliance. This embassy was ordered by the new Stewart king, Robert II, three days after his accession. The result of this diplomacy resulted in the Treaty of Vincennes, the first ratification of the alliance since the Treaty of Corbeil, 55 years before.

paragraph: Section::::Lord of Galloway.

paragraph: In 1369, Archibald had been appointed Lord of Galloway by King David, ""becaus he tuke git trawell to purge the cuntrey of Englis blude"". Galloway was a difficult fiefdom to rule. Prior to his assumption of the title, it had been the patrimony of the Balliols, both the ousted King John and his pretender son Edward Balliol. The Balliols had inherited it through King John's grandmother Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter and heiress of Alan, Lord of Galloway, the last of the Norse-Gaelic Kings of Galloway. The Galwegians had distinctive laws and customs and, as with the Kingdom of the Isles, did not feel subservient to the Scottish crown, but rather to their ancient Kings of which they viewed the Balliols as representing. In 1353 Earl William had succeeded in bringing the eastern part of the fiefdom under the control of the Scottish crown. By 1372 after reaffirming control in the east, Archibald acquired the Earldom of Wigtown from Thomas Fleming, Earl of Wigtown, thus consolidating his power over the whole of Galloway, the first time under one man since 1234. This transfer of the Earldom of Wigtown was ratified by Robert II, on 7 November the same year. Archibald's conquest of Galloway was depicted on his seal, which depicts two "wild men" holding up his arms.

paragraph: In 1378 Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie, a nephew of Archibald Douglas, took Berwick by surprise with 50 men, and was immediately besieged by the town's governor Thomas de Musgrave. Douglas and Lord Lyndsay of the Byres massed a relief army at Haddington, little more than 500 in number, but marched anyway hoping to collect more men on the way. When Archibald's army approached Berwick his scouts informed him that the English army around the castle numbered around 10,000, with archers, siege engines, heavy horse and ships blockading the river. Douglas then retreated to Melrose, followed by the English army. Just short of Melrose, Musgrave attacked. Fortunately Archibald's army had now been reinforced. During the ensuing Battle of Melrose, Musgrave was unhorsed and forced to yield for ransom. With Musgrave and other leaders captured, the remaining English not already slain fled back to Berwick with news of their defeat.

paragraph: It is around this time that Archibald started work on his fortalice at Threave Castle, and endowed Sweetheart Abbey, near Dumfries, with an hospital. Rather than taking over Buittle, traditional seat of the Balliols during the construction of Threave, he took up residence at Kirkcudbright, traditional seat of the earlier Lords.

paragraph: In territorial possessions alone Archibald, Lord of Galloway appeared now to have reached if not overtaken his cousin William, 1st Earl of Douglas.

paragraph: Section::::Earl of Douglas.

paragraph: In 1384, William the first Earl of Douglas died of a seizure at Douglas, and was succeeded by his son James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, who was killed during his victorious Battle of Otterburn four years later in 1388. Archibald inherited his cousin's earldom and all the entailed Douglas lands making him the most powerful magnate in Scotland.

paragraph: During the intervals of war with the English he imposed feudal law on the border chieftains, drawing up a special code for the marches. The power of the Black Douglas overshadowed the crown under the weak rule of Robert III. Archibald appeared to have strengthened his line's connection with that of the Royal Stewarts, when in 1390 he arranged the marriage of his son and heir, Archibald, Master of Douglas to the Princess Margaret, and in 1399 his daughter Marjorie to David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay; both of these spouses were children of Robert III, Rothesay being the heir apparent to the throne. Rothesay was already contracted to marry Elizabeth Dunbar, daughter of George I, Earl of March, who had paid a large sum for the honour. March, alienated from his allegiance by this breach of faith on the king's part, now joined the English forces.

paragraph: In 1390 he captured Lochnaw Castle.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: The Earl of Douglas died at Threave Castle, around the Christmas of 1400, and was buried at Bothwell.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: Around 1362 Douglas married Joanna de Moravia, daughter of Maurice de Moravia, 1st Earl of Strathearn. They had four children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archibald Douglas, who succeeded as 4th earl

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Douglas, later the 7th earl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marjory Douglas, married 1st David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, 2nd Walter de Haliburton the Treasurer of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helen, married George de Lawedre of Haltoun, Provost of Edinburgh.

paragraph: Lord Douglas had an illegitimate son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale (assassinated c. 1392), married Egidia Stewart daughter of Robert II

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Michael, "The Black Douglases", Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fraser, Sir William, "The Douglas Book" (4 Vols). Edinburgh 1885

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fordun, John of, "Chronica Gentis Scotorum", ed.Skene, W.F., Edinburgh 1871.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Froissart "Chronicles", trans. Lord Berners, ed. Macaulay, G.C.. London 1904.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacDougall, Norman, "An Antidote to the English — the Auld Alliance 1295-1560", Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maxwell, Sir Herbert. "A History of the House of Douglas" (2 vols), Freemantle & Co., London 1902

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, J Stewart-, "The Grange of St Giles". Edinburgh, 1898

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Crawfurd's "Peerage", 1776

paragraph: Section::::References.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nigel Tranter, "The Stewart Trilogy", Dunton Green, Sevenoaks, Kent : Coronet Books, 1986. . "Lords of Misrule, 1388-1396. A Folly of Princes, 1396-1402. The Captive Crown, 1402-1411".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: 3rd Earl of Douglas

wikidata_label: Archibald Douglas

wikipedia_title: Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas


text: professional baseball

text: infielder

text: Major League Baseball

text: Cleveland Indians

text: Washington Senators / Texas Rangers

text: Kansas City Royals

text: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Fox Sports Wisconsin

text: color commentator

text: Bob Uecker

text: Kenny Lofton

text: Scott Podsednik

text: Rickie Weeks

text: Fort Sill, Oklahoma

text: Junipero Serra High School

text: Gardena, California

text: Compton Junior College

text: Los Angeles State College

text: Army Reserve

text: Cleveland Indians

text: Washington Senators

text: Ron Law

text: Horacio Piña

text: Dennis Higgins

text: Barry Moore

text: RFK stadium

text: All-Star Game

text: batting average

text: RBI

text: Kansas City Royals

text: Nelson Briles

text: Tom Poquette

text: New York Yankees

text: Sparky Lyle

text: Texas Christian University

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Oakland Athletics

text: Montreal Expos

text: Cleveland Indians

text: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Fox Sports Wisconsin

text: Kansas City Royals

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Cleveland Indians

text: HIV/AIDS

text: South Africa

text: liver cancer

text: Milwaukee, Wisconsin

text: Retrosheet

categories: Cleveland Indians players,Portland Beavers players,Denver Bears players,Arizona Instructional League Athletics players,Salinas Indians players,Milwaukee Brewers coaches,Texas Rangers players,Deaths from cancer in Wisconsin,Cleveland Indians coaches,Chicago White Sox coaches,California State University, Los Angeles alumni,Pawtucket Indians players,Major League Baseball broadcasters,Kansas City Royals players,African-American baseball players,Military personnel from Oklahoma,Major League Baseball first base coaches,Chicago Cubs broadcasters,Deaths from liver cancer,Baseball players from Oklahoma,1944 births,Cleveland Indians broadcasters,American League All-Stars,Dubuque Packers players,Washington Senators (1961–1971) players,African-American baseball coaches,Leones del Caracas players,Águilas del Zulia players,Kansas City Royals broadcasters,People from Fort Sill, Oklahoma,Milwaukee Brewers broadcasters,2018 deaths,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Dave Nelson

paragraph: David Earl Nelson (June 20, 1944 – April 22, 2018) was an American professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the Cleveland Indians, Washington Senators / Texas Rangers, and Kansas City Royals from 1968 through 1977. He also served as one of the broadcasters for the Milwaukee Brewers baseball team on Fox Sports Wisconsin.

paragraph: During a period in the early 2010 season, Nelson was the team's interim radio color commentator over the Brewers Radio Network during road games outside of Chicago while Bob Uecker recovered from heart surgery to repair an aortic valve. He was the team's first base coach for four years prior to the end of his contract. He helped to develop many players, including Kenny Lofton, Scott Podsednik and Rickie Weeks.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Nelson was born in Fort Sill, Oklahoma. He graduated from Junipero Serra High School in Gardena, California, and attended Compton Junior College and Los Angeles State College. Nelson served for six years in the Army Reserve.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Nelson played his first career game with the Cleveland Indians on April 11, 1968, spending two seasons with Cleveland before being traded to the Washington Senators with Ron Law and Horacio Piña for Dennis Higgins and Barry Moore during the 1969–70 offseason.

paragraph: In 1971, Nelson began seeing regular time in the field, coming to bat over 300 times for the first time in his career. At the end of that season, Nelson scored the last run ever for the Washington Senators at RFK stadium.

paragraph: Nelson moved with the franchise to Texas, where he continued to gain a reputation as a base-stealing threat, stealing 51 bases in 1972. He had his best year in 1973, when he played in his one and only All-Star Game, playing one inning at third base but not coming to bat. That year, he finished with a batting average of .286, with seven home runs and 48 RBIs. He remained with the Rangers until being traded to the Kansas City Royals in exchange for Nelson Briles following the 1975 season.

paragraph: Nelson spent two seasons in Kansas City, playing sparingly off the bench. In 1976, he got his only taste of postseason action. Pinch-hitting for Tom Poquette in Game 3 of the 1976 American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, he grounded out against Sparky Lyle. He played in his final major league game on September 27, 1977, then retired after the season.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.:Coaching.

paragraph: In 1980, Nelson was named a coach for Texas Christian University's baseball team. The following season, he returned to the majors as a coach for the Chicago White Sox, where he remained until 1984. Over the next two-plus decades would work in various capacities for the Oakland Athletics (Director of Instruction, 1986–1987), Montreal Expos (minor league baserunning instructor, 1990–1991), Cleveland Indians (1992–1997), and Milwaukee Brewers (minor league outfield instructor, 2001–2002, first base coach, 2003–2006).

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.:Broadcasting.

paragraph: Nelson was a pregame analyst for the Milwaukee Brewers on Fox Sports Wisconsin. He was also the Director of Milwaukee Brewers Alumni Relations. His previous experience as a sportscaster was on Kansas City Royals telecasts in 1979, on Chicago Cubs radio broadcasts from 1988–1989, and on Cleveland Indians radio broadcasts from 1998–1999.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.:Charity work.

paragraph: Nelson also sat on the board of directors for Open Arms Home for Children, a non-profit organization that provides homes to orphaned children affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic in South Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Nelson died of liver cancer on April 22, 2018, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at the age of 73.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: On May 26, 2012 Nelson was inducted into the Compton Community College Athletics Hall of Fame, under the category of Baseball.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: American baseball player and coach

wikidata_label: Dave Nelson

wikipedia_title: Dave Nelson


text: Mozambican

text: Beira

text: white

text: Portuguese

text: South Africa

text: University of the Witwatersrand

text: Portuguese

text: Ndau

text: English

text: FRELIMO

text: Lusaka Accord

text: white Mozambicans

text: Samora Machel

text: co-operative

text: Savana

text: Norwegian

text: Maputo

text: Banco Comercial de Moçambique

text: Nyimpine Chissano

text: Joaquim Chissano

text: Aníbal dos Santos

categories: People from Beira, Mozambique,Deaths by firearm in Mozambique,Assassinated journalists,Mozambican politicians,1951 births,Mozambican journalists,People murdered in Mozambique,Assassinated Mozambican people,Mozambican people of Portuguese descent,2000 deaths,Mozambican atheists

paragraph: Carlos Cardoso (journalist)

paragraph: Carlos Cardoso (1951 – 22 November 2000) was a Mozambican journalist. His murder in 2000 followed his newspaper's investigation into corruption in the privatisation of Mozambique's biggest bank.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Cardoso was born in Beira, the son of white Portuguese immigrants to colonial Mozambique, where his father ran a dairy processing plant. He was educated in Mozambique and at high school in South Africa, where he went on to attend the University of the Witwatersrand. He spoke Portuguese and second languages Ndau and English.

paragraph: Section::::Mozambican independence.

paragraph: After the withdrawal of the Portuguese colonial administration from Mozambique in 1974 following the handover of power to the FRELIMO liberation movement in the context of the Lusaka Accord, Cardoso was among the minority of white Mozambicans who remained in the country. He worked first in junior positions in government media and, from 1980, as editor of AIM, the government press agency. Following a brief spell of imprisonment, Cardoso worked also as an advisor to Samora Machel, but quit AIM in 1989 to work first as an artist, and later as founder of Mediacoop, an independent press co-operative. In 1992 he founded the weekly newspaper "Savana", which he left in 1997 to found a new business newspaper "Metical."

paragraph: In 1989 he met his wife Nina Berg, a Norwegian lawyer. They had two children together, Ibo and Milena.

paragraph: Section::::Newspaper editor and local politician.

paragraph: In 1997 Cardoso founded the business daily news-sheet "Metical", and was elected to the Maputo city council in 1998. "Metical" ceased publication in December 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Murder and investigation.

paragraph: Cardoso was shot dead in central Maputo on 22 November 2000, while investigating a US$14 million fraud connected with the privatisation of Mozambique's largest bank, Banco Comercial de Moçambique. In the 2002 trial of six murder suspects, three suspects described Nyimpine Chissano, the son of Mozambican President Joaquim Chissano, as paying Cardoso's murderer by cheque. Aníbal dos Santos, a Portuguese citizen who was said to have masterminded Cardoso's murder, was convicted "in absentia" in 2003 after escaping from prison; and a retrial in 2006 (following dos Santos' second escape) upheld his sentence of 30 years in prison.

paragraph: Nyimpine Chissano was charged with "joint moral authorship" of Cardoso's murder and various economic crimes by the Mozambican Public Prosecutor's office in May 2006. The Mozambique News Agency reported on 11 May 2006 an anonymous claim that an arrest warrant for Chissano had been rescinded following the intervention of the former president and his wife.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Guardian", "Carlos Cardoso - His tenacious journalism exposed corruption in Mozambique", 24 November 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- BBC News online, "Mozambique murderer sent to jail", 20 January 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mozambique News Agency AIM Reports, "Carlos Cardoso murder trial update", 10 December 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Committee to Protect Journalists, "Africa 2001 - Mozambique"

description: Mozambican journalist

wikidata_label: Carlos Cardoso

wikipedia_title: Carlos Cardoso (journalist)


text:
Bologna
University of Bologna
Alberico da Rosciate

categories: Italian women lawyers,1230 births,1281 deaths

paragraph: Accursia

paragraph: Accursia (ca. 1230 - 1281) was an Italian jurist allegedly from Bologna, whose existence is debated. Accursia would have taught law in the Bologna studio, becoming a model of a cultured woman, capable of carrying out the activities reserved for men. Doubts about the existence of Accursia arose in the Eighteenth Century when the Camaldolese father Mauro Sarti, historian of the University of Bologna, found no trace of the jurist in the ancient documents of the studio. The earliest mention of Accursia is found in a document by the jurist Alberico da Rosciate, who nevertheless spoke of it as a rumor.

wikidata_label: Accursia

wikipedia_title: Accursia


text: American football

text: college football

text: Louisiana State University

text: 1962 College Football All-America Team

text: halfback

text: defensive back

text: punter

text: National Football League

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: 1982 team

text: 1983 Orange Bowl

text: athletic director

text: Louisiana Tech University

text: West Monroe, Louisiana

text: West Monroe High School

text: college football

text: Louisiana State University

text: Baton Rouge

text: Heisman Trophy

text: Billy Cannon

text: halfback

text: running back

text: defensive back

text: return specialist

text: punter

text: one-platoon

text: Ole Miss

text: All-America

text: Walter Camp Memorial Trophy

text: SEC Player of the Year

text: Heisman Trophy

text: Terry Baker

text: 1963 NFL draft

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: 1963 American Football League draft

text: defensive back

text: Pro Bowl

text: Charlie McClendon

text: Bo Rein

text: AP Poll

text: Florida

text: Alabama

text: Florida State

text: Orange Bowl

text: Nebraska

text: Tom Osborne

text: SEC Coach of the Year

text: Mississippi State

text: Tulane

text: Bob Brodhead

text: Louisiana Tech University

text: Mack Brown

text: Appalachian State

text: Tulane

text: North Carolina

text: Texas

categories: 1941 births,American football halfbacks,American football punters,Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players,West Monroe High School alumni,Living people,LSU Tigers football players,Sportspeople from Baton Rouge, Louisiana,People from West Monroe, Louisiana,LSU Tigers football coaches,College Football Hall of Fame inductees,Louisiana Tech Bulldogs and Lady Techsters athletic directors,St. Louis Cardinals (football) players,American football defensive backs,All-American college football players

paragraph: Jerry Stovall

paragraph: Jerry Lane Stovall (born April 30, 1941) is a former American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He played college football at Louisiana State University (LSU), where he was a unanimous selection to the 1962 College Football All-America Team as a halfback. Stovall played professionally as a defensive back and punter in the National Football League (NFL) with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1963 to 1971. Stovall served as the head football coach at his alma mater, LSU, from 1980 to 1983, compiling a record of 22–21–2 in four seasons and leading the 1982 team to an appearance in the 1983 Orange Bowl. He was the athletic director at Louisiana Tech University from 1990 to 1993. He is the only player in LSU history to be named a Unanimous All-American (1962), be selected to the college football hall of fame (2010), be selected as a first round pick (1963), and to be selected to the pro bowl (1966, 1967, and 1969).

paragraph: Section::::Early life and college.

paragraph: Born and raised in West Monroe, Louisiana, Stovall graduated from West Monroe High School in 1959. He played college football at Louisiana State University (LSU) in Baton Rouge, succeeding Heisman Trophy winner Billy Cannon as the Tigers' halfback. Stovall served a multitude of roles for the Tigers, including running back, defensive back, return specialist, and punter. His primary position was left halfback, which in the days of one-platoon football was both a running back and defensive back.

paragraph: His 57-yard run in 1961 helped LSU defeat arch-rival Ole Miss by a score of 10–7 in a major upset.

paragraph: Stovall was a unanimous choice for the All-America team of 1962 at halfback. He won the Walter Camp Memorial Trophy as the nation's best back, was named SEC Player of the Year, and was the runner-up for the Heisman Trophy. He finished 89 votes behind Oregon State's Terry Baker.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Stovall was the second overall pick in the 1963 NFL draft, selected by the St. Louis Cardinals. He was also the third overall pick of the 1963 American Football League draft. The Cardinals converted him to full-time defensive back. He was regarded as one of the top rookies in the league in 1963. During his nine seasons with St. Louis, Stovall had 18 interceptions in 97 games, and was selected to the Pro Bowl after the 1966, 1967, and 1969 seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: After his NFL career, Stovall became a college football assistant coach. He eventually returned to LSU, as an assistant for head coach Charlie McClendon. Stovall became LSU's head coach as an emergency hire after new head coach Bo Rein died when his plane depressurized and disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean.

paragraph: In Stovall's four years with the Tigers (1980–1983), LSU finished 7–4, 3–7–1, 8–3–1, and 4–7. Only one of Stovall's teams appeared in the final AP Poll: the 1982 team. That team finished the season ranked No. 11 after it beat No. 4 Florida, No. 8 Alabama, and No. 7 Florida State and earned a spot in the Orange Bowl, where LSU lost, 21–20, to a No. 3 Nebraska team led by Tom Osborne. As a result of his performance in 1982, Stovall was named the national coach of the year by the Walter Camp Football Foundation, as well as the SEC Coach of the Year.

paragraph: In 1983, Stovall's success of 1982 came unraveled. The Tigers went 0–6 in the SEC, including a 45–26 loss at home to Mississippi State, leaving Stovall 0–4 for his career against the Bulldogs.

paragraph: Stovall had a 2–2 record against Tulane. To date, the Tigers have only lost to Tulane on two other occasions since 1948, both under McClendon. After the Tigers had secured the Orange Bowl berth in 1982, they suffered their only home loss to Tulane since 1948. The Tigers have won 18 in a row in the series since but has only played the Green Wave six times since 1994, typically winning by comfortable margins.

paragraph: Stovall's dismissal by athletic director Bob Brodhead was approved by the LSU Board of Supervisors on December 2, 1983.

paragraph: Section::::Administration.

paragraph: After his head coaching stint at LSU, Stovall went on to take a job in banking before becoming athletic director at Louisiana Tech University from 1990 to 1994. Afterwards, Stovall became the president and CEO of the Baton Rouge Area Sports Foundation, an organization dedicated to securing sporting events for the Baton Rouge area.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching Tree.

paragraph: Assistant coaches under Stovall that became college or pro head coaches:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mack Brown: Appalachian State (1983), Tulane (1985-1987), North Carolina (1988-1997, 2019-present), Texas (1998-2013)

description: American football player and coach

wikidata_label: Jerry Stovall

wikipedia_title: Jerry Stovall


text:
Tunis
Tunisia
Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire
France
Algeria
writer
singer
Kabyle
Roman Catholic
Fadhma Aït Mansour
Kabylie
Sèvres
Jean Amrouche
Spain
Christian name
French
Kabyle
Berber
Académie berbère
Bio details, bibliomonde.net

categories: Kabyle people,Algerian Roman Catholics,Algerian female singers,Berber musicians,Algerian writers,Algerian musicians,Berber Christians,Algerian women writers,20th-century women writers,Writers from Tunis,1976 deaths,20th-century Algerian writers,1913 births,Berber writers,20th-century singers,20th-century novelists

paragraph: Taos Amrouche

paragraph: Marie-Louise-Taos Amrouche (born 4 March 1913 in Tunis, Tunisia; died 2 April 1976 in Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire, France) was an Algerian writer and singer. In 1947, she became the first Algerian woman to publish a novel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: She was born to a family of Kabyle Roman Catholic converts, the only daughter in a family of six sons. Her family had moved to Tunisia to escape persecution after their conversion.

paragraph: Her mother Fadhma Aït Mansour, who was a famous Kabyle singer, had a great impact on her life, and her literary style would reflect the oral traditions of the Kabylie Berber people of her mother's heritage. Amrouche received her elementary and secondary education in Tunis, and in 1935 went to France for studies at the École Normale at Sèvres. From 1936, in collaboration with her elder brother Jean Amrouche and her mother, Amrouche collected and began to interpret Kabyle songs. In 1939, at the Congrès de Chant de Fès, she received a scholarship to study at the Casa Velasquez in Spain, where she researched the ties between Berber and Spanish popular songs.

paragraph: Her autobiographical first novel, "Jacinthe noir", was published in 1947 and is one of the earliest ever published in French by a North African woman writer. With her compilation of tales and poems "La Grain magique" in 1966, she took the "nom de plume" Marguerite-Taos, Marguerite being her mother's Christian name.

paragraph: While she wrote in French, she sang in Kabyle. Her first album "Chants berbères de Kabylie" (1967), which was a great success, was a collection of traditional Kabyle songs that had been translated into French by her brother Jean. She recorded several other albums, including "Chants sauvés de l’oubli" ("Songs Saved from Oblivion"), "Hommage au chant profond" ("Homage to a Profound Song"), "Incantations, méditations et danses sacrées berbères" (1974), and "Chants berbères de la meule et du berceau" (1975).

paragraph: She was an activist in Berber issues and was among the founders of Académie berbère in 1966.

paragraph: She died in Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire in France.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jacinthe noire" (1947) – reprint Joëlle Losfeld (1996),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Grain magique" (1966) – reprint La Découverte (2000),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rue des tambourins" (1969) – reprint Joëlle Losfeld (1996),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L’Amant imaginaire" (1975)

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants berbères de Kabylie" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants De L'Atlas (Traditions Millénaires Des Berbères D'Algérie)" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Incantations, méditations et danses sacrées berbères" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants berbères de la meule et du berceau" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Au Theatre De La Ville" (1977)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denise Brahimi, "Taos Amrouche, romancière", Joëlle Losfeld (1995),

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bio details, bibliomonde.net – in French

description: Algerian writer and singer

wikidata_label: Taos Amrouche

wikipedia_title: Taos Amrouche