text: Wisconsin High School Football

text: Stevens Point Pacelli Cardinals

text: Mosinee

text: volleyball

text: track

text: wrestling

text: University of Wisconsin–Stout

text: Pacelli High School (Wisconsin)

text: Stevens Point

text: University of Wisconsin–Stout

text: University of Wisconsin–Stout

text: wrestling

text: volleyball

text: track

text: football

text: University of Wisconsin–Stout

text: Pacelli High School

text: private school

text: conference

text: WISAA

text: Waukesha Catholic Memorial

text: University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point

text: Watertown Northwestern Prep

text: Marshfield Columbus

text: Manitowoc Lutheran

text: Marshfield Columbus

text: WIAA

text: Gilman Pirates

text: Shiocton Chiefs

text: chemotherapy

text: Vince Lombardi

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: Head coaching statistics

text: Lombardi's obituary

text: The Washington Post

text: Even at Top, Lombardi looked up

text: Shirley Povich

text: The Washington Post

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center

categories: 1938 births,People from Marathon County, Wisconsin,2013 deaths,University of Wisconsin–Stout alumni

paragraph: Bob Raczek

paragraph: Robert Raczek (June 11, 1938-July 23, 2013) was one of the most successful head coaches in the history of Wisconsin High School Football. He was a driving force of the Stevens Point Pacelli Cardinals from 1966 to 2013, leading them to capture three state championships in 1986, 1995, and 2005. Bob Raczek won numerous awards in coaching, and was the third most successful coach in Wisconsin High School football history. He and his football team remain the predominate symbol of the high school.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Robert Raczek was born and raised in the farming community of Knowlton, Wisconsin. Raczek grew up surrounded by labor and hard work, which would then dissolve from hard farm work, into hard football practices. Raczek loved football, and he played high school football at Mosinee, where he also excelled in other sports such as volleyball, track, and wrestling. Raczek would then go onto the University of Wisconsin–Stout, where he played football, and was also an assistant coach for a while. He graduated from UW–Stout in 1962, and went on to pursue a teaching career. However, football was not far behind. Raczek would soon marry, and is still currently married to his wife, Pat. Together, they had three sons and a daughter (Mary Ellen, Steve, Mark, and Matt) Both Steve and Mark Raczek played under their father at Pacelli, and both were recognized in the conference and the state as great football players and wrestlers.

paragraph: Raczek found a job at Tri County-Plainfield high school, where he was teaching technical education, physical education, and was head of the maintenance department. Raczek first took up the head coaching spot for Tri-County in 1962, where he finished with a 0-7 record. He coached for three more years, when he was offered a job at Stevens Point Pacelli High School (Wisconsin) in Stevens Point. Raczek accepted.

paragraph: Section::::Early playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Early playing career.:High school.

paragraph: Raczek had attended the Mosinee high school, where there he played football and other sports. Raczek loved the game, and grew to understand what makes football so great. Raczek currently lives around Mosinee, so he is still in touch with his roots. Raczek recalled, "I made lifelong friendships from coaching this great game of football and to have worked with so many great coaches and players." Raczek then moved onto the University of Wisconsin–Stout, where he learned about different sciences, and football.

paragraph: Section::::Early playing career.:UW–Stout.

paragraph: Raczek left Mosinee High School, and headed for northern Wisconsin to the University of Wisconsin–Stout. There, Raczek pursued a Bachelor of Science degree, and wanted to teach.

paragraph: As a student of UW–Stout, Raczek participated in numerous sports, such as wrestling, volleyball, track, and of course football. He learned what the college life of football was really about, and how much more different it is from the high school level. As a student, Raczek received an assistant coaching job for the football team. So, in the 1961-62 football season, Raczek was assistant coach of the UW–Stout football team. He learned terminology and plays that he would later transform into the plays he had for the Pacelli Cardinals.

paragraph: Raczek graduated from the university in 1962, then later he was offered a job to teach and coach at the Plainfield-Tri County High School. Raczek accepted, and his head coaching duties began.

paragraph: Section::::Head coaching career.

paragraph: Section::::Head coaching career.:Tri County Penguins.

paragraph: Fall is a time for football, and Raczek knew it. He had played football and helped coach since his early days as a child, and not he had the chance to be the head coach of a real football team. In the fall of 1962, Raczek came to Plainfield-Tri County as the head football coach, and the tech-ed teacher. He taught in both football, and tech-ed for four years at the high school before pursuing new locations to teach and coach.

paragraph: Racek had started his coaching career with University of Wisconsin–Stout as an assistant coach in 1961. He had played for them as well, and attended the school, so he knew the system. Raczek was a huge fan of the running game, and would later pass that onto his players in the high school level. Raczek coached for UW–Stout for only one year, leaving to go to Plainfield.

paragraph: As the head football coach for Plainfield-Tri County, his records did not live up to what he is known for today. In the four years that he coached for them, he had two winning seasons. His first finished a record of 0-7. His second season finished 3-4. In two years, Raczek was 3-11. He did not give up though, and neither did the school. His third season he finished a good 6-2. His fourth and final season with Plainfield-Tri County he finished 5-3. Raczek understood the high school level of football, and then went on to Pacelli High School to teach his new ideas, that would lead him to three state titles and 310 career wins.

paragraph: Section::::Head coaching career.:Pacelli Cardinals (football).

paragraph: Bob Raczek assumed head coaching for the football team of Pacelli High School in 1967, where his hard-working attitude would shape the school into a very notable high school. Pacelli High School is a private school, with not a lot of funding into the athletic department, so Raczek made do with what he had at the time. The Cardinals finished the 1967 season with a record of 4-5, finishing in sixth place in the conference. Not only was Raczek the head football coach, he later assumed the coaching spots for wrestling, track, and hockey, as well as teach technical education and physical education. The next year, the Cardinals finished the same as the previous, a 4-5 record placing sixth in the conference.

paragraph: For the next two years, the team suffered losing records of 1-7-1 1969 and 2-7 1970. But in 1971 the Cardinals' football team had a winning record for the first time since 1965. They finished the season with a 9-1 record, placing first in the conference. The following season would be Pacelli's best season in their history of having a football team. The team reached the state championship apart of WISAA. The championship game ended with the Cardinals losing to Milwaukee Pius XI by the final score of 10-0.

paragraph: Raczek gave the Cardinals non-losing records 12 of the next 13 seasons. In 1986, the Cardinals made it back to the WISAA state championship game, this time they would face off against Waukesha Catholic Memorial. The championship game was played at Pacelli's homefield, Goerke Field (the same location where the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point football team plays). Pacelli defeated Waukesha Catholic Memorial by a final score of 13-3, capping a perfect season at 13-0. The Cardinals would again see the championship lights in 1989 at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison but would fall short, losing to Watertown Northwestern Prep, 44-20 and again in 1992, falling to Marshfield Columbus 28-10.

paragraph: In 1995, the Cardinals set numerous school records that year in rushing, sacks, and tackles. The Cardinals made it to the WISAA Division 3 championship game where they defeated Manitowoc Lutheran, 28-0. The season ended with a perfect 12-0 record, (the last Pacelli football team to go undefeated) and only allowed 77 points all season (the 1986 Cardinals beat them by allowing only 55 points). The 1995 Cardinals also scored 458 points. The following year, the Cardinals made it back to the state championship game but lost the game to conference rival Marshfield Columbus, 42-6. The 1998 team would fall to Manitowoc Roncalli 27-7 in the state title game and then to Eau Claire Regis 19-6 in the 1999 championship game, the final season of WISAA.

paragraph: In 2000, the Cardinals moved into the WIAA. The 2005 Cardinals managed to find a way into the state championship, being a part of Division 7. Going into the playoffs, the Cardinals were not a top seed, but defeated all of their opponents leading to the title game (except Hilbert, who lost to Pacelli by a score of 7-0). The Cardinals played the Gilman Pirates, and it would be Bob Raczek's 300th career win. The Cardinals defeated Gilman 44-20, giving Raczek his third state title. With the 300 wins, Raczek joined Wisconsin football coaches Bob Hyland and Dick Basham as the only coaches in state history to reach more than 300 wins.

paragraph: In 2006, the Cardinals went 9-0 during the regular season and entered the playoffs as a No. 1 seed, and then won their first round contest. However, they lost in the second round to conference foe Shiocton Chiefs, who Pacelli had beaten earlier that season. Bob Razcek's record currently stands at 332-150-2.

paragraph: Section::::Head coaching career.:Championships.

paragraph: Raczek received state titles in WISAA in 1986 and 1995. He won one recently in 2005 apart of the WIAA in Division 7, also marking his 300th career win. Bob Raczek went to the state title game nine times, winning three (3-6). His conference championship record is much better, winning the old Central Wisconsin Catholic Conference title 10 times (1971 1972 1974 1976 1978 1981 1986 1987 1994 1995), and winning the new CWC-L (Central Wisconsin Conference-Large) two times, 2001 and 2006. Bob Raczek is known for greatness, and in teaching his players the values of life, on and off the football field.

paragraph: Section::::Cancer.

paragraph: The shocking news came to the Raczek family in 2004 that Bob Raczek has been diagnosed with cancer. Doctors did not know whether it would be life-threatening, and offered Raczek chemotherapy. Raczek had a hard time telling his players during a practice that season, and the players did not take it too well. Many people of the school and community feared that 2004 would be Raczek's last season coaching football. The legendary coach had imprinted his image in the hearts of thousands of people throughout Wisconsin, and it would be painful to see a great coach of that magnitude to retire under those circumstances, as did the great Vince Lombardi.

paragraph: Raczek however overcame the pains, and still managed to coach the following season. Raczek coached his final season in 2012 before succumbing to colon cancer on July 28, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Notable rivalries.

paragraph: Bob Raczek is virtually synonymous with Pacelli football, and the high school at that matter. Over the past 40 years, there have been some really close games that have excited the fans, and even the media. Pacelli High School football has had its share of rivalries.

paragraph: Marshfield Columbus

paragraph: The classic rivalry in Pacelli football history has always been against Marshfield Columbus Catholic High School in the old Central Wisconsin Catholic Conference. The game often determined the champion of the conference. Marshfield Columbus holds a 29-17-1 advantage in the series, ranging from 1957 to 1999. Pacelli has always struggled against Marshfield Columbus (even in Pacelli's dominant 1986 season, Pacelli only won with a score of 3-0 over Marshfield Columbus).

paragraph: Eau Claire Regis

paragraph: Like the classic rivalry between Marshfield Columbus, Eau Claire Regis has had great games against Pacelli. The rivalry was as good, ranging from 1961 to 1999. In those years, Pacelli has had the upper hand, with a record of 25-18. However, in recent years the rivalry has changed, seeing Regis defeat Pacelli in some critical games. Although the two teams are no longer in the same conference, they met in 2002 and 2003, both games being in the WIAA playoffs. In 2002, the Cardinals went 8-1 in the regular season, and fared well in the playoffs. However, in the semifinals Regis edged Pacelli in a close 21-14 contest, ending a great season for the Cardinals. The following year, the two teams met again, this time it was all Regis, defeating the Cardinals 24-0. The rivalry between the two schools had died down for a little bit since moving to separate conferences, but the playoff games have helped renew the rivalry once again.

paragraph: La Crosse Aquinas

paragraph: The Cardinals also had their share of tough battles with La Crosse Aquinas, another former member of the CWCC. Pacelli has played Aquinas 45 times, starting in 1961, where in their first meeting Aquinas dominated the game winning 39-6. Aquinas holds a 25-20 edge in the series with Pacelli, though the Cardinals have dominated the series in recent years as the teams have continued to play non-conference games against one another. Bob Raczek always seems to select Aquinas as the season opener, to get a feeling of pride and confidence in not only beating, but playing Aquinas. The rivalry died down a little in the early 2000s, once Pacelli and Aquinas separated from the CWCC conference. For the start of the 2007 regular season, Pacelli will play against Aquinas in Stevens Point.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1999, Bob Raczek was inducted into the Stevens Point Pacelli Athletic Hall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2000, Bob Raczek was inducted into the Wisconsin Football Coaches Association Hall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bob Raczek was named District Coach of the Year in 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bob Raczek was named All Conference coach 8 times.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bob Raczek has won three state titles, and been to nine total. He won in 1986, 1995, and 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Along with other notable coaches of Wisconsin such as Bob Hyland and Dick Basham, Raczek earned his 300th career victory at the state championship game against the Gilman Pirates in the 2005 WIAA Division 7 title game.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raczek has 310 wins, third to only Hyland (Fond du Lac St. Mary Spring) and Basham (Milwaukee Marquette) who both have 318 wins.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bob Raczek's image has been painted on a mural in Stevens Point, along with other historical figures that helped make the city of Stevens Point what it is today.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bob Raczek was named as the Green Bay Packers coach of the week in 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- On August 2, 2008 the Pacelli High School Football Field was dedicated and formally named the Bob Raczek Football Field. Family, Friends, Players-both current and former, City Officials, School Officials, and community members attended the event to honor him.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Football Hall of Fame - Vince Lombardi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Head coaching statistics - Vince Lombardi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lombardi's obituary - "The Washington Post" - 04-Sep-1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- Even at Top, Lombardi looked up - by Shirley Povich, "The Washington Post", 04-Sep-1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lombardi grave site in Middletown Township, NJ - Mount Olivet Cemetery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Milwaukee Journal newspaper article: Lombardi's hiring - January 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Washington Post" article: Lombardi's hiring - 07-Feb-1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20071019141105/http://www.wifca.org/halloffame/2000/2000raczekbob.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20061230145931/http://www.wissports.net/wisfootball/team.asp?tid=1097&sportID=3

description: American sports coach

wikidata_label: Bob Raczek

wikipedia_title: Bob Raczek


text:
Gustav Vasa
Margareta Leijonhufvud
Duchess consort
Saxe-Lauenburg
Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg
Brigitta Lars Anderssons
Christina Gyllenstierna
Martha Leijonhufvud
Catherine Stenbock
Anna Hogenskild
Northern Seven Years' War
Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg
Magnus II
Saxe-Lauenburg
double wedding
King Eric XIV
Karin Månsdotter
Catherine Stenbock
Aegidius Girs
King John III
Sonnenburg
Ösel
Ekolsund Castle
Venngarn Castle
Gustav
Ekolsund Castle
Gunilla Bielke
Lagunda
Håbo
Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg
Kalmar

categories: 1611 deaths,Duchesses of Saxe-Lauenburg,1547 births,Incidents of domestic violence,House of Vasa,Swedish princesses

paragraph: Princess Sophia of Sweden

paragraph: Princess Sophia of Sweden, also "Sofia Gustavsdotter Vasa" (29 October 1547 – 17 March 1611), was a Swedish princess, daughter of King Gustav Vasa of Sweden and Margareta Leijonhufvud. She was formally Duchess consort of Saxe-Lauenburg by her marriage to Duke Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: During her early childhood, she, as well as her siblings in the royal nursery, were primarily under the care of her mother the queen's trusted nurse, Brigitta Lars Anderssons, her mother's cousin lady Margareta, and the noble widow Ingrid Amundsdotter.

paragraph: After the death of her mother in 1551, she as well as her siblings were placed in the care of Christina Gyllenstierna and then under her aunts Brita and Martha Leijonhufvud before her father's remarriage to Catherine Stenbock. They were then under the responsibility of their stepmother and, more precisely, the head-lady-in-waiting Anna Hogenskild.

paragraph: During the Northern Seven Years' War, the Danish queen dowager Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg suggested a peace treaty by marriage between her younger son, the Danish monarch, and Sophia. However, she made the suggestion without her son's knowledge, and he did not support the idea.

paragraph: In March 1566, Sophia became engaged to Duke Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg, who had long been in the service of Eric. The marriage took place in a double wedding when her half brother King Eric XIV married Karin Månsdotter on 4 July 1568. Eric may have arranged the marriage of Sophia and Magnus because he needed support for his controversial marriage to Karin Månsdotter. It is also possible that he feared he would not have the wedding guests he wanted unless he had Sophia's wedding conducted in parallel.

paragraph: In the negotiations, Magnus promised to defend Karin Månsdotter. Sophia did not want the marriage—she refused and stalled preparations for the wedding, which prevented it from taking place in June 1567 as first planned when Eric married Karin for the first time. Eric therefore ordered that, since Sophia refused to prepare for the wedding, preparations should be made for her—and her wedding would take place together with his own second, public wedding ceremony with Karin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Marriage.

paragraph: At the wedding in Stockholm in July 1568, Sophia walked in the procession with her sister Elizabeth—after Karin, who walked first with queen dowager Catherine Stenbock, which was considered unsuitable to rank. Neither Sophia nor her sister Elizabeth attended Karin's following coronation. During the deposition of Eric XIV, Sophia, Magnus evacuated Elizabeth and Catherine Stenbock by boat, and took them to the rebellious John in Uppsala. John officially claimed, that Eric had planned to give them as hostages to Russia, in place of John's own consort, which he had tried before.

paragraph: The marriage became extremely unhappy. Reports describe Magnus as a typical brutal German mercenary, notorious for his abuse of his subordinates. Early on, it became known that he subjected Sophia to spousal abuse—apparently motivated by severe jealousy. According to the chronicle of Aegidius Girs, Sophia became insane by the treatment she was given by Magnus, who: "...showed his princess all unkindness, spit and shameful slander, that she of the sorrow was caused great weakness of the head."

paragraph: In 1571, Magnus pawned her jewelry to finance his conquest of Sachsen-Lauenburg. He soon spent her money, and Sophia was forced to constantly ask her family to finance his ambitions. In 1575, her brother King John III granted Magnus the Swedish fief Sonnenburg on Ösel to make him leave Sweden, but he was soon cast out from Ösel because of his brutal rule. Magnus soon became unpopular with Sophia's family because of how he treated her.

paragraph: He also came in conflict with John III in 1576 when he forbid his subjects in Sophia's fief from paying taxes and executing their working duty for the crown. In 1577, reports said that Magnus prevented Sophia from receiving letters from her family and accepting invitations, and isolated her from the outside world.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: In 1578, John III had Magnus arrested, imprisoned, and exiled from the country. He forced Magnus to leave his and Sophia's son in her care, and put Sophia's fiefs in her sole name. John III granted her the fiefs Ekolsund Castle and Venngarn Castle. In 1581, reports had Magnus spreading rumors in Germany about Sophia. John had the Emperor ban Magnus from making slanders against Sophia that could blacken her name and endanger her son's inheritance and her right to her dower lands.

paragraph: Sophia devoted later life to her son Gustav. She worked to ensure his rights in Sachsen-Lauenburg and his future. She kept Gustaf with her rather than send him away as was the custom, and was said to spoil him to a point where his character was destroyed.

paragraph: In 1595, she came into conflict when Gustaf persuaded her to grant him half of her fief—which she retracted with the assistance of her brother Charles.

paragraph: Sophia lived the rest of her life at Ekolsund Castle. In contrast to her siblings, she supported the marriage between John III and Gunilla Bielke in 1585. Sophia was said to have suffered from a mental illness of some kind. Aside from the chronicle of Aegidius Girs, this is not mentioned much. However, correspondence from her siblings asks her several times not to mourn too much, to prevent her getting ill.

paragraph: In contrast to her brother Magnus, who was acknowledged as mentally ill and was isolated because of it, Sophia participated occasionally in court life, such as when she participated in a public dinner with the royal family in Kalmar at Easter 1586. She is not described as an efficient administrator of her estate and court: she was often forced to ask for economical assistance because of her misused lands, and her court was unstable with frequent changes of staff: she changed the head butler twenty-one times and the housekeeper twenty-three times during these years. In 1597, she was granted the fiefs Lagunda and Håbo. She became a widow when her absent husband died in 1603.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Issue.

paragraph: Sophia had six children, but only one of them lived past infancy:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg, (31 August 1570- 11 November 1597), governor of Kalmar, unmarried but had issue

description: Swedish princess

wikidata_label: Princess Sophia of Sweden

wikipedia_title: Princess Sophia of Sweden


text: Spanish

text: Palma, Majorca

text: Paris

text: Paris Conservatoire

text: Théâtre Lyrique

text: Hector Berlioz

text: Madrid Royal Conservatory

text: Emilio Arrieta

text: Madrid

text: Ramón Sobrino

text: José Luis Temes

text: List of zarzuelas by Miguel Marqués

text: Pedro Calderón de la Barca

text: Miquel Marqués y el sinfonismo

text: Pere Miquel Marquès i Garcia

text: Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana

categories: People from Majorca,Balearic musicians,Spanish male classical composers,Madrid Royal Conservatory alumni,Spanish classical composers,1918 deaths,Male violinists,1843 births,Male opera composers,Spanish opera composers,Spanish classical violinists

paragraph: Miguel Marqués (composer)

paragraph: Pedro Miguel Juan Buenaventura Bernadino Marqués y García (20 May 1843 – 26 February 1918) was a Spanish composer and violinist.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in Palma, Majorca, the son of a chocolate maker. By the age of four he was already showing unusual musical talent, and by eleven he was playing violin for a Palma opera company, for which he wrote a "Fantasía para violin" which enjoyed a notable triumph. Between 1859 and 1863 family finance enabled him to study in Paris, after 1861 as a violinist at the Paris Conservatoire with Massard. In 1863 he was admitted to the orchestra of the Théâtre Lyrique, and began studying composition, and instrumentation with Hector Berlioz.

paragraph: He returned to Majorca when called up to his military service, but in 1866 he resumed his studies at the Madrid Royal Conservatory, studying Violin with Monasterio and Composition with Emilio Arrieta whilst playing in the orchestra of the Teatro de la Zarzuela. After 1878 he was Inspector of the National Music Schools. He also taught singing at the Foundling Girls' School in Madrid, and published a handbook for violin teachers. In 1894 he retired to his home city of Palma. He published some philosophical books like "Dios y la inmortalidad del alma". He died there in 1918 aged 74.

paragraph: Of his five symphonies only the Third was printed during his lifetime. The whole cycle has been edited by Ramón Sobrino in 1993-2003. It was recorded by José Luis Temes, but this album is not released yet.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stage works

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of zarzuelas by Miguel Marqués

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El desengaño de un sueño", incidental music to a 5-act drama by Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1876, Teatro Apolo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Choral

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mis plegarias íntimas", oratory (1911), consists of 5 movements (Jesús de Nazaret; Jesús bendito; [Adagio for violin and piano]; Esplendorosa luz; Himno al Omnipotente) and "El último adiós"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphonies and symphonic pieces

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Symphony No. 1 in B flat major" (1869)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Symphony No. 2 in E flat major" (1870)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Una noche en la caleta" (1871)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Symphony No. 3 in B minor, Op.30" (1876)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La selva negra", overture (1873)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Symphony No. 4 in E major" (1878)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Symphony No. 5 in C minor" (1880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gran fantasía para orquesta y banda militar sobre motivos de zarzuelas modernas" (1880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La cova del Drach" (symphonic poem on Mallorcian themes, 1904)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La vida", symphonic poem (1906); consists of 3 movements with an introduction (Allegro, Adagio, Marcha fúnebre)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "En la Alhambra", little poem, or suite; consists of 3 movements (Noche embriagadora; Danza de odaliscas; Marcha de héroes al combate)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oceánica", symphonic poem; consists of 3 movements (Overtura; Andante tranquillo; Vivace scherzando)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concert overture in C minor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scherzo in C minor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Overture in C major (lost?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marches and polonaises

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gran marcha de concierto No. 1 in C minor" (1871)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gran marcha de concierto No. 2" (1873)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polonesa de concierto No. 1 in G major" (ca.1872)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polonesa de concierto No. 2 in D major", Op. 17 (ca.1874)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polonesa de concierto No. 3 in A major" (ca.1875)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gran marcha nupcial" (1878)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polonesa de concierto No. 4 in B major" (ca.1880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heroica, Marcha de concierto No. 4" (1882)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polonesa de concierto No. 5 in E major"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polonesa de concierto No. 6 in A major" (lost?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concertante

paragraph: BULLET::::- Violin «Concerto» in E minor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chamber

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fantasía" for violin and piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theme and variations, for violin and piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adagio in C major, for a quintet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La canción del marinero", melodia (1872)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Primera lágrima" (1872, originally for orchestra; a piano arrangement published in 1878)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La mariposa"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enriqueta", recull de valsos (1875)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Obertura" (for wind band, c.1900)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ave Maria" for voice and organ (1911)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A magna inmortalidad", Op. 111(1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "¡Gloria a Mallorca!", Op. 112 (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Himne en honor de Ramon Llull" (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marcha ascensión de María" for chorus and organ (or orchestra)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Te Deum" for chorus and organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los héroes", prelude

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bellver", prelude

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capricho español"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gran montería"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bendita sea tu pureza" for 2 voices with piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los pájaros del Paraíso", gran vals fantástico, for violin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scherzo" in A minor

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juan Luis Estelrich. "El maestro Marqués, hijo ilustre de Mallorca: sinfonía biográfica en cuatro tiempos. Palma: Imprenta de J. Tous, 1912.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zarzuela! Composer Biographies - Marqués at www.zarzuela.net Biography and Painting

paragraph: BULLET::::- Xavier Carbonell. "Miquel Marqués y el sinfonismo" (Historia de las Islas Baleares, T. 19. elMundo / el día de Baleares, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pere Miquel Marquès i Garcia" in Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at Associació Musical de Mestres Directors (assmmd.org)

description: Spanish musician (1843-1918)

wikidata_label: Miguel Marqués

wikipedia_title: Miguel Marqués (composer)


text:
Irish
racing
GP3 Series
2014
Marussia Manor Racing
British Formula Ford Championship
British Formula Ford
Marussia Manor Racing
Trident Racing

categories: Porsche Supercup drivers,Formula Ford drivers,Living people,Irish racing drivers,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship drivers,Toyota Racing Series drivers,1991 births,Porsche Carrera Cup GB drivers,24 Hours of Daytona drivers,GP3 Series drivers

paragraph: Ryan Cullen

paragraph: Ryan Cullen (born 26 March 1991) is an Irish racing driver, who recently drove in the GP3 Series in 2014 for Marussia Manor Racing. He also drove in British Formula Ford Championship in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Racing Biography.

paragraph: Cullen first drove in the British Formula Ford in 2012 as a novice driver which means a driver has no race experience as stated in the MSA regulations, placing sixth overall in the standings and obtaining three podium positions, impressing a number of people on his first season of racing. He did the Post season tests with Status GP. Cullen got signed with junior team F1 Marussia Manor Racing in the GP3 Series in 2013.

paragraph: Cullen did the MRF series in the 2013/2014 season finishing 6th overall in the standings, in his rookie season. Gaining more race experience for only his second season of racing. This helped him maintain his drive for the GP3 series 2014.

paragraph: He stayed with the team in 2014 before they pulled out of the GP3 series due to financial troubles, and Cullen was suddenly left without a drive. After missing the races in Russia, he found himself back in the GP3 Series with Trident Racing for the season finale in Abu Dhabi after not driving competitively for 3 months. Cullen tested with race winning team koiranen GP in the Post season tests in Abu Dhabi, even though only testing Cullen floated inside the top ten in every AM/PM sessions.

paragraph: Cullen went back to the MRF series for 2014/2015 a potential title winning season. So far Cullen Two main Race wins, Three podiums, 3 fastest laps and one pole position. which places him second in the championship heading into 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete European Le Mans Series results.

paragraph: Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete WeatherTech SportsCar Championship results.

paragraph: Season still in progress.

description: Irish-Cypriot racing driver

wikidata_label: Ryan Cullen

wikipedia_title: Ryan Cullen


text:
Republican
Attorney General
Connecticut
Speaker
Connecticut House of Representatives
Carmel, New York
New Canaan, Connecticut
tannery
New York
coeducation
bar examination
South Norwalk, Connecticut
Fairfield County
Connecticut House of Representatives
speaker
common pleas court
Governor
Frank B. Weeks
Connecticut Attorney General
Marcus H. Holcomb
Congregationalist
Freemason
Knights Templar
Shriners
Odd Fellows
classics
private library
Profile
The Political Graveyard
Profile
Connecticut Attorney General's Office

categories: People from Carmel, New York,Connecticut Attorneys General,1947 deaths,Connecticut lawyers,Politicians from Norwalk, Connecticut,People from New Canaan, Connecticut,1855 births,Members of the Connecticut House of Representatives,Connecticut Republicans

paragraph: John H. Light

paragraph: John Henry Light (1855–1947) was a Republican Attorney General for the state of Connecticut and Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Light was born in Carmel, New York in 1855, to Belden Light and Ann (Keenan) Light. He moved with his parents to New Canaan, Connecticut at a young age, and his first job was at a tannery, where he earned money to fund his education. He married Ida M. Lockwood on August 3, 1881.

paragraph: Light graduated from Chamberlain Institute and Female College in New York (an early coeducational institution). Light was a schoolteacher while being instructed in the law. He passed the Connecticut bar examination in 1883 and commenced a practice in Light settled in South Norwalk, Connecticut, now part of Norwalk.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: He served as Fairfield County Treasurer from 1899 to 1906. He also served for two terms in the Connecticut House of Representatives, from 1899 and 1901, serving as speaker in 1901. Light served as a Connecticut common pleas court judge from 1901 to 1905.

paragraph: On September 15, 1910, Governor Frank B. Weeks appointed him Connecticut Attorney General to fill the unexpired term of Marcus H. Holcomb. Elected to a four-year term in November 1910, he served as Attorney General until 1915.

paragraph: Light was a Congregationalist. He was a Freemason and a member of the Knights Templar, Shriners, and Odd Fellows. Light was also a student of the classics noted for his extensive private library.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile from The Political Graveyard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile from the Connecticut Attorney General's Office

description: American politician

wikidata_label: John H. Light

wikipedia_title: John H. Light


text: University of Wisconsin–Stout

text: Pine Island, Minnesota

text: University of Wisconsin–Stout

text: Menomonie, Wisconsin

text: pipe bomb

text: smiley

text: BB

text: nails

text: Nebraska

text: Colorado

text: Texas

text: Illinois

text: Iowa

text: Nevada

text: Honda Accord

text: Kurt Cobain

text: United States

text: media

text: astral projection

text: manifesto

text: The Badger Herald

text: University of Wisconsin–Madison

text: government

text: schizoaffective disorder

text: Federal Medical Center

text: Rochester, Minnesota

text: Rochester, Minnesota

text: grunge

text: eBay

text: Astral projection

text: Improvised explosive device

text: Ted Kaczynski

text: Austin serial bombings

text: Timeline of Helder's news

text: WQAD-TV

categories: People acquitted by reason of insanity,Bombers (people),American people of Dutch descent,1981 births,University of Wisconsin–Stout alumni,American criminals,Explosions in 2002,American people imprisoned on charges of terrorism,Improvised explosive device bombings in the United States,Guitarists from Minnesota,People from Pine Island, Minnesota,Living people

paragraph: Luke Helder

paragraph: Lucas John "Luke" Helder (born May 5, 1981) is a former University of Wisconsin–Stout student from Pine Island, Minnesota, who earned notoriety as the Midwest Pipe Bomber in May 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Bombings.

paragraph: While attending the University of Wisconsin–Stout and living in an apartment in Menomonie, Wisconsin, Helder planned to plant pipe bombs in mailboxes across the United States to create a smiley face shape on the United States map. The bombs, which were packed with BBs and nails, were rigged to explode as the mailboxes were opened. Completed and rigged bombs were found in Nebraska, Colorado, Texas, Illinois and Iowa. In Iowa, six people, including four mail carriers, were injured when the bombs detonated. Ultimately, Helder planted 18 bombs and covered 3,200 miles. He was eventually captured in rural Nevada before he managed to complete the full smile. At the time of his arrest, police were looking for an unknown suspect driving a black Honda Accord and newspapers reported that he was wearing a Kurt Cobain T-shirt. The bombings were heavily covered by the United States media.

paragraph: Section::::Writings and theories.

paragraph: While Helder was not at the top of his college class, his teachers described him as a reasonably good, quiet and polite student, and at first there was confusion as to what the motivation for the bombings could be. Within the year prior to his arrest, Helder had become passionate about astral projection techniques and came to believe that death of the flesh and body is not the end of existence, as evidenced by the manifesto he sent to "The Badger Herald" of the University of Wisconsin–Madison at the beginning of the bombing spree. The essay also includes statements such as "I'm taking very drastic measure in attempt to provide this information to you... I will die/change in the end for this, but that's ok, hahaha paradise awaits! I'm dismissing a few individuals from reality, to change all of you for the better"

paragraph: Notes attached to the bombs went on to denounce government control over daily lives, deny that anyone who had died was really dead, and promised more of the same kind of message.

paragraph: Section::::Trial.

paragraph: In April 2004, a federal judge found Helder incompetent to stand trial. While a judge could free Helder if doctors find he is not a threat to society, legal experts doubt this possibility due to the violent nature of his crimes. He has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder.

paragraph: In 2013, a federal judge ordered Helder re-evaluated for competency to stand trial. Helder remains incarcerated in the Federal Medical Center in Rochester, Minnesota.

paragraph: Section::::Musical background.

paragraph: Prior to his bombing spree, Helder was a member of Apathy, a Rochester, Minnesota, three-piece grunge band. Although the band was successful only on a local scale, it recorded a CD named "Sacks of People" at the end of their first summer together, which they funded and released themselves.

paragraph: When the news broke that Helder was the pipe bomber, the media made significant mention of his status as a musician. Many music critics scrambled to acquire copies of Apathy's CD, some of which were auctioned on eBay for as much as $200.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Astral projection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Improvised explosive device

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ted Kaczynski

paragraph: BULLET::::- Austin serial bombings

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of Helder's news, WQAD-TV

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Smoking Gun archive on Luke Helder, with the six-page manifesto

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Luke Helder

wikipedia_title: Luke Helder


text: Bishop of Rome

text: Anterus

text: dove

text: Holy Spirit

text: Cornelius

text: Pope Pontian

text: antipope

text: Hippolytus

text: Cyprian

text: Novatian

text: Origen

text: Liber Pontificalis

text: diaconates

text: Philip the Arab

text: Liberian Catalogue

text: Decian persecution

text: saint

text: Saint Sebastian

text: sepulcher

text: Fabius

text: Eusebius of Caesarea

text: Church History

text: Pope Anterus

text: papal election

text: descent of the Holy Spirit

text: Jesus

text: John the Baptist

text: acclamation

text: Anterus

text: Pontian

text: Hippolytus

text: Philip the Arab

text: Gregory of Tours

text: Gaul

text: Rome

text: Gatianus of Tours

text: Tours

text: Trophimus of Arles

text: Arles

text: Paul of Narbonne

text: Narbonne

text: Saturnin

text: Toulouse

text: Denis

text: Paris

text: Austromoine

text: Clermont

text: Saint Martial

text: Limoges

text: heresy

text: Africa

text: Liber Pontificalis

text: deacon

text: Eusebius

text: Liber Pontificalis

text: regiones

text: Liberian Catalogue

text: catacombs

text: Saint Callixtus

text: Emperor

text: Decius

text: incense

text: cult image

text: idolatry

text: martyr

text: Decian persecution

text: catacomb of Callixtus

text: San Sebastiano fuori le mura

text: Pope Clement XI

text: Hippolytus of Rome

text: List of Catholic saints

text: List of Christian martyrs

text: List of popes

text: Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square

categories: 3rd-century Romans,3rd-century Christian martyrs,Burials at San Sebastiano fuori le mura,3rd-century popes,200 births,3rd-century archbishops,Papal saints,Popes,Year of birth uncertain,250 deaths

paragraph: Pope Fabian

paragraph: Pope Fabian (; c. 200 – 20 January 250) was the Bishop of Rome from 10 January 236 to his death in 250, succeeding Anterus. He is famous for the miraculous nature of his election, in which a dove is said to have descended on his head to mark him as the Holy Spirit's unexpected choice to become the next pope. He was succeeded by Cornelius.

paragraph: Most of his papacy was characterized by amicable relations with the imperial government, and Fabian could thus bring back to Rome for Christian burial the bodies of Pope Pontian and the antipope Hippolytus, both of whom had died in exile in the Sardinian mines. It was also probably during his reign that the schism between the two corresponding Roman congregations of these leaders was ended. He was highly esteemed by Cyprian; Novatian refers to his "nobilissima memoriae", and he corresponded with Origen. One authority refers to him as Flavian.

paragraph: The "Liber Pontificalis", a fourth-century document that survives in later copies, says that he divided Rome into diaconates and appointed secretaries to collect the records of the martyrs. He is also said, probably without basis, to have baptized the emperor Philip the Arab and his son. More plausible is the report in the "Liberian Catalogue" that he sent out seven "apostles to the Gauls" as missionaries.

paragraph: He died a martyr at the beginning of the Decian persecution and is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church. Fabian's feast day is commemorated on January 20, the same as Saint Sebastian, in whose church his sepulcher lies in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and accession.

paragraph: According to the "Liber Pontificalis", Fabian was a noble Roman by birth, and his father's name was Fabius. Nothing more is known about his background. The legend concerning the circumstances of his election is preserved by the fourth-century writer Eusebius of Caesarea ("Church History", VI. 29).

paragraph: After the short reign of Pope Anterus, Fabian had come to Rome from the countryside when the new papal election began. "Although present," says Eusebius, Fabian "was in the mind of none." While the names of several illustrious and noble churchmen were being considered over the course of thirteen days, a dove suddenly descended upon the head of Fabian. To the assembled electors, this strange sight recalled the gospel scene of the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus at the time of his baptism by John the Baptist. The congregation took this as a sign that he was marked out for this dignity, and Fabian was at once proclaimed bishop by acclamation.

paragraph: Section::::Papacy.

paragraph: During Fabian's reign of 14 years, there was a lull in the storm of persecution which had resulted in the exile of both Anterus' predecessor Pontian and the antipope (and later saint) Hippolytus. Fabian had enough influence at court to effect the return of the bodies of both of these martyrs from Sardinia, where they had died at hard labor in the mines. The report that he baptized the emperor Philip the Arab and his son, however, is probably a legend, although he did seem to enjoy some connections at court, since the bodies of Pontian and Hippolytus could not have been exhumed without the emperor's approval.

paragraph: According to the sixth-century historian Gregory of Tours Fabian sent out the "apostles to the Gauls" to Christianise Gaul in A.D. 245. Fabian sent seven bishops from Rome to Gaul to preach the Gospel: Gatianus of Tours to Tours, Trophimus of Arles to Arles, Paul of Narbonne to Narbonne, Saturnin to Toulouse, Denis to Paris, Austromoine to Clermont, and Saint Martial to Limoges. He also condemned Privatus, the originator of a new heresy in Africa.

paragraph: The "Liber Pontificalis" says that Fabian divided the Christian communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Eusebius (VI §43) adds that he appointed seven subdeacons to help collect the "acta" of the martyrs—the reports of the court proceedings on the occasion of their trials. There is also a tradition that he instituted the four minor clerical orders: porter, lector, exorcist, and acolyte. However most scholars believe these offices evolved gradually and were formally instituted at a later date.

paragraph: His deeds are thus described in the "Liber Pontificalis":

paragraph: "Hic regiones dividit diaconibus et fecit vii subdiacones, qui vii notariis imminerent, Ut gestas martyrum integro fideliter colligerent, et multas fabricas per cymiteria fieri praecepit". ("He divided the "regiones" into deaconships and made seven sub-deaconships which seven secretaries oversaw, so that they brought together the deeds of the martyrs faithfully made whole, and he brought forth many works in the cemeteries.")

paragraph: The "Liberian Catalogue" of the popes also reports that Fabian initiated considerable work on the catacombs, where honored Christians were buried, and where he also caused the body of Pope Pontian to be entombed at the catacomb of Saint Callixtus.

paragraph: With the advent of Emperor Decius, the Roman government's tolerant policy toward Christianity temporarily ended. Decius ordered leading Christians to demonstrate their loyalty to Rome by offering incense to the cult images of deities which represented the Roman state. This was unacceptable to many Christians, who, while no longer holding most of the laws of the Old Testament to apply to them, took the commandment against idolatry with deadly seriousness. Fabian was thus one of the earliest victims of Decius, dying as a martyr on 20 January 250, at the beginning of the Decian persecution, probably in prison rather than by execution.

paragraph: Fabian was buried in the catacomb of Callixtus in Rome. The Greek inscription on his tomb has survived, and bears the words:

paragraph: His remains were later reinterred at San Sebastiano fuori le mura by Pope Clement XI where the Albani Chapel is dedicated in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hippolytus of Rome

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic saints

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Christian martyrs

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of popes

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Encyclopedia: "Pope St. Fabian"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square

alias:
Pope Fabian
Fabianus

description: pope

wikidata_label: Fabian

wikipedia_title: Pope Fabian


text:
Luo
chieftain
Kenya
Kenya
Vice-President
Raila Odinga
Prime Minister
Oburu Odinga
Siaya
Nyanza Province
Obadiah
Adonijah
Maseno School
Alliance High School
Makerere University
Maseno High School
Kenya African Union
Kenyan Luo
Luo people
was elected
Kenya Independence Movement
Tom Mboya
Kenya African National Union
Vice-President
Jomo Kenyatta
People's Republic of China
Soviet Union
Warsaw Pact
United States
Western bloc
Kenya People's Union
Kisumu
Daniel arap Moi
Charles Njonjo
de jure
failed coup of 1982
National Democratic Party
Forum for the Restoration of Democracy
1992 elections
Ford-Kenya
Bondo Constituency
polygamous
Raila
Oburu
Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania
East Africa Living Encyclopedia
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Foundation

categories: Vice-Presidents of Kenya,Members of the National Assembly (Kenya),Kenyan Luo people,Kenya People's Union politicians,Forum for the Restoration of Democracy – Kenya politicians,Forum for the Restoration of Democracy politicians,Members of the Legislative Council of Kenya,1994 deaths,1911 births,People from Siaya County,Alumni of Maranda High School,Kenyan socialists,Alumni of Maseno School,Makerere University alumni,Kenya African National Union politicians

paragraph: Jaramogi Oginga Odinga

paragraph: Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga (October 1911 – 20 January 1994) was a Luo chieftain who became a prominent figure in Kenya's struggle for independence. He later served as Kenya's first Vice-President, and thereafter as opposition leader. Odinga's son Raila Odinga is the former Prime Minister, and another son, Oburu Odinga, is a former Assistant Minister in the Ministry of Finance.

paragraph: Jaramogi is credited for the phrase "Not Yet Uhuru" which is the title of his autobiography written in the 1980s during his time under house arrest. "Uhuru" means freedom in Swahili and he was referencing his belief that even after independence from British colonialism, the brutal oppression of opposition in political affairs in Kenya, meant that the country had still not attained real freedom. Jaramogi's son Raila was also in detention for a period of eight years.

paragraph: Section::::Early years and career.

paragraph: Oginga Odinga was born in the village of Nyamira Kang'o, Siaya County, Nyanza Province to Mama Opondo Nyamagolo and Odinga Raila. In his autobiography, "Not Yet Uhuru", Odinga estimates the date of his birth to be October 1911. Christened Obadiah Adonijah, he later renounced his Christian names and became known as Oginga Odinga. He was a student of Maseno School and Alliance High School. He went to Makerere University in 1940, and returned to Maseno High School as a teacher. In 1948 he joined the political party Kenya African Union (KAU).

paragraph: Spurred to empower his Kenyan Luo ethnic group, Odinga started the Luo Thrift and Trading Corporation (registered in 1947). With time, Odinga and his group undertook to strengthen the union between Luo people in the whole of East Africa. His efforts earned him admiration and recognition among the Luo, who revered him as "Ker" – a title previously held by the fabled classical Luo king, Ramogi Ajwang, who reigned 400 years before him. Vowing to uphold the ideals of Ramogi Ajwang, Odinga became known as "Jaramogi" (man of the people of Ramogi).

paragraph: Section::::Vice presidency.

paragraph: According to Luo tradition, a "Ker" can not be a politician, so Odinga relinquished his position as king in 1957 and became the political spokesman of the Luo. The same year, he was elected member of the Legislative Council for the Central Nyanza constituency, and in 1958 he joined the Kenya African Union (KAU). He was amongst the founders of the Kenya Independence Movement in 1959, and in 1960, together with Tom Mboya he joined Kenya African National Union (KANU). When Kenya became a Republic in 1964, he was its first Vice-President.

paragraph: As Vice-President he did not agree with Jomo Kenyatta's government. While Odinga had called for closer ties with the People's Republic of China, the Soviet Union and other countries of the Warsaw Pact, Kenyatta was in favor of approaching the United States and the Western bloc. This led to Odinga resigning from his post and quitting KANU in 1966 to form the Kenya People's Union (KPU).

paragraph: Section::::In opposition.

paragraph: The friction between Odinga and Kenyatta continued, and in 1969 Odinga was arrested after the two verbally abused each other publicly at a chaotic function in Kisumu – and where at least 11 people were killed and dozens were injured in riots. He was detained for two years, and was consigned to political limbo until after Kenyatta's death in August 1978.

paragraph: Kenyatta's successor, Daniel arap Moi, appointed Odinga as chairman of the Cotton Lint and Seed Marketing Board. He did not last long in the post, presumably because he was still outspoken against Kenyatta's policies. Odinga attempted to register a political party in 1982, but when Attorney-General Charles Njonjo amended the constitution (which made Kenya a "de jure" single-party state), his plans were foiled.

paragraph: Following the failed coup of 1982 against Moi's government, Odinga was placed under house arrest in Kisumu. In 1990, he tried in vain with others to register an opposition party, the National Democratic Party. In 1991 he co-founded and became the interim chairman of Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD). The formation of FORD triggered a chain of events that were to change Kenya's political landscape, culminating in ending KANU's 40 years in power – eight years after Odinga's death.

paragraph: FORD split before the 1992 elections. Odinga himself vied for presidency on Ford-Kenya ticket, but finished fourth with a share of 17.5% votes. However, he regained the Bondo Constituency seat after being forced out of parliamentary politics for over two decades. Odinga died in 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Private life.

paragraph: Odinga was polygamous and had four wives: Mary Juma, Gaudencia Adeya, Susan Agik and Betty Adongo. With these wives he had seventeen children. Mary is the mother of Raila and Oburu. Mary died in 1984.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- East Africa Living Encyclopedia, African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Foundation

description: Kenyan politician

wikidata_label: Jaramogi Oginga Odinga

wikipedia_title: Jaramogi Oginga Odinga


text: Egyptian

text: Tamazight

text: pharaoh

text: ancient Egypt

text: Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt

text: Meshwesh

text: Nimlot A

text: Ma

text: Ma

text: Shishak

text: Hebrew Bible

text: Bubastite Portal

text: Karnak

text: Kenneth Kitchen

text: Canaan

text: Third Intermediate Period

text: BASOR

text: architectural plan

text: Peret

text: Seth

text: transliterated

text: Hebrew Bible

text: Jeroboam

text: Solomon

text: Benjamin

text: Rehoboam

text: stele

text: Tel Megiddo

text: Osorkon I

text: Hebrew Bible

text: Masoretic Text

text: Septuagint

text: Egypt

text: Shoshenq A

text: Psusennes II

text: Meshwesh

text: Ancient Libya

text: New Kingdom

text: Herakleopolis Magna

text: Manetho

text: Bubastis

text: Osorkon the Elder

text: Iuput A

text: High Priest of Amun

text: Thebes

text: Nimlot B

text: Middle East

text: Lebanese

text: Byblos

text: stela

text: Megiddo

text: Syria

text: Philistia

text: Phoenicia

text: Negev

text: Kingdom of Israel

text: al-Hibah

text: Karnak

text: cartouche

text: Megiddo

text: Rehoboam

text: Canaan

text: Osorkon I

text: Egyptologist

text: Aidan Dodson

text: canopic chest

text: Egyptian Museum of Berlin

text: Tanis

text: Bubastis

text: GM 205

text: Ptah temple enclosure of Memphis

text: Djedptahiufankh

text: carnelian

text: Gebel Es-Silsilah

text: Rupert L. Chapman III

text: Putting Shoshenq I in his Place

text: Palestine Exploration Quarterly

text: Aidan Dodson

text: Alan H. Gardiner

text: Troy Leiland Sagrillo

text: The Mummy of Shoshenq I Re-discovered?

text: Troy Leiland Sagrillo

text: Troy Leiland Sagrillo

text: Ad Thijs

text: Peter van der Veen

text: JACF 10

text: Peter van der Veen

text: The Palestine Campaign of Sheshonq I

categories: Ancient Libyans,Chiefs of the Ma,Pharaohs of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt,10th century BC in Egypt,Shoshenq I,10th-century BC people,10th-century BC Pharaohs

paragraph: Shoshenq I

paragraph: Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I (Egyptian "ššnq", Tamazight : ⵛⵛⵏⵈ "cecneq", reigned c. 943–922 BC)—also known as Sheshonk or Sheshonq I—was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt. Of Meshwesh ancestry, Shoshenq I was the son of Nimlot A, Great Chief of the Ma, and his wife Tentshepeh A, a daughter of a Great Chief of the Ma herself. He is presumed to be the Shishak mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, and his exploits are carved on the Bubastite Portal at Karnak.

paragraph: Section::::Chronology.

paragraph: The conventional dates for his reign as established by Kenneth Kitchen are 945–924 BC but his time-line has recently been revised downwards by a few years to 943–922 BC, since he may well have lived for up to two to three years after his successful campaign in Canaan, conventionally dated to 925 BC. As Edward Wente of the University of Chicago noted on page 276 of his JNES 35(1976) Book Review of Kitchen's study of the Third Intermediate Period, there is "no certainty" that Shoshenq's 925 BC campaign terminated just prior to this king's death a year later in 924 BC. The English Egyptologist, Morris Bierbrier also dated Shoshenq I's accession "between 945–940 BC" in his seminal 1975 book concerning the genealogies of Egyptian officials who served during the late New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period. Bierbrier based his opinion on Biblical evidence collated by W. Albright in a BASOR 130 paper. This development would also account for the mostly unfinished state of decorations of Shoshenq's building projects at the Great Temple of Karnak where only scenes of the king's Palestinian military campaign are fully carved. Building materials would first have had to be extracted and architectural planning performed for his great monumental projects here. Such activities usually took up to a year to complete before work was even begun. This would imply that Shoshenq I likely lived for a period in excess of one year after his 925 BC campaign. On the other hand, if the Karnak inscription was concurrent with Shoshenq's campaign into Canaan, the fact that it was left unfinished would suggest this campaign occurred in the last year of Shoshenq's reign. This possibility would also permit his 945 BC accession date to be slightly lowered to 943 BC.

paragraph: The most recent and comprehensive study of Ancient Egyptian chronology affirms the theory that Shoshenq I came to power in 943 BC rather than 945 BC as is conventionally assumed based on epigraphic evidence from the Great Dakhla stela, which dates to Year 5 of his reign. The editors of the 2006 book "Ancient Egyptian Chronology" write:

paragraph: The chronology of early Dyn. 22 depends on dead reckoning. The sum of the highest attested regnal dates for Osorkon II, Takelot I, Osorkon I, and Shoshenq I, added to 841 BC as year 1 of Shoshenq III, yields 938 BC at the latest for year 1 of Shoshenq I...[However] The large Dakhla stela provides a lunar date in the form of a "wrš" feast in year 5 of Shoshenq [I], yielding 943 BC as his year 1.

paragraph: The Year 5 "wrš" feast is recorded to have been celebrated at Dakhla oasis on IV Peret day 25 and Krauss' exploration of the astronomical data leads him to conclude that the only 'fit' within the period of 950 to 930 BC places the accession of Shoshenq I between December 944 and November 943 BC—or 943 BC for the most part. However, Dr. Anthony Leahy has suggested that "the identification of the "wrš"-festival of Seth as [a] lunar [festival] is hypothetical, and [thus] its occurrence on the first day of a lunar month an assumption. Neither has been proven incontrovertibly." Thus far, however, only Dr. Kenneth Kitchen is on record as sharing the same academic view.

paragraph: Section::::Biblical Shishak.

paragraph: Shoshenq I is frequently identified with the Egyptian king Shishak (שׁישׁק "Šîšaq", transliterated), referred to in the Hebrew Bible at 1 Kings 11:40, 14:25 and 2 Chronicles 12:2-9. According to these passages, Jeroboam fled from Solomon and stayed with Shishaq until Solomon died, and Shishaq invaded Judah, mostly the area of Benjamin, during the fifth year of the reign of Rehoboam, taking with him most of the treasures of the temple built by Solomon. Shoshenq I is generally attributed with the raid on Judah: this is corroborated with a stele discovered at Tel Megiddo. His successor, Osorkon I, lavished 373 tons of gold and silver on Egyptian temples during the first four years of his reign.

paragraph: Shishak/Sousakim was also related to Jeroboam: The wife of Jeroboam is a character in the Hebrew Bible. She is unnamed in the Masoretic Text, but according to the Septuagint, she was an Egyptian princess called Ano:

paragraph: Section::::Origins and family.

paragraph: Shoshenq I was the son of Nimlot A and Tentsepeh A. His paternal grandparents were the Chief of the Ma Shoshenq A and his wife Mehytenweskhet A. Prior to his reign, Shoshenq I had been the Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Army, and chief advisor to his predecessor Psusennes II, as well as the father-in-law of Psusennes' daughter "Maatkare". He also held his father's title of Great Chief of the Ma or Meshwesh, which is an Egyptian word for Ancient Libyans. His ancestors had settled in Egypt during the late New Kingdom, probably at Herakleopolis Magna, though Manetho claims Shoshenq himself came from Bubastis, a claim for which no supporting physical evidence has yet been discovered. Significantly, his uncle Osorkon the Elder had already served on the throne for at least six years in the preceding 21st Dynasty; hence, Shoshenq I's rise to power was not wholly unexpected. As king, Shoshenq chose his eldest son, Osorkon I, as his successor and consolidated his authority over Egypt through marriage alliances and appointments. He assigned his second son, Iuput A, the prominent position of High Priest of Amun at Thebes as well as the title of Governor of Upper Egypt and Commander of the Army to consolidate his authority over the Thebaid. Finally, Shoshenq I designated his third son, Nimlot B, as the "Leader of the Army" at Herakleopolis in Middle Egypt.

paragraph: Section::::Foreign policy.

paragraph: He pursued an aggressive foreign policy in the adjacent territories of the Middle East, towards the end of his reign. This is attested, in part, by the discovery of a statue base bearing his name from the Lebanese city of Byblos, part of a monumental stela from Megiddo bearing his name, and a list of cities in the region comprising Syria, Philistia, Phoenicia, the Negev, and the Kingdom of Israel, among various topographical lists inscribed on the walls of temples of Amun at al-Hibah and Karnak. The fragment of a stela bearing his cartouche from Megiddo has been interpreted as a monument Shoshenq erected there to commemorate his victory. Some of these conquered cities include ancient Israelite fortresses such as Megiddo, Taanach and Shechem.

paragraph: There are other problems with Shoshenq being the same as the biblical Shishak: Shoshenq's Karnak list does not include Jerusalem—his biggest prize according to the Bible. His list focuses on places either north or south of Judah, as if he did not raid the center. The fundamental problem facing historians is establishing the aims of the two accounts and linking up the information in them.

paragraph: There have been some possible suggestions and proposals from scholars regarding this issue. Some argue that the mention of Jerusalem was erased from the list over time. Others believe that Rehoboam's tribute to Shoshenq saved the city from destruction and therefore from the Bubastite Portal's lists. Some scholars even propose that Shoshenq claimed a conquest that he did not enact and copied the list of conquered territories from an old Pharaoh's conquest list.

paragraph: As an addendum to his foreign policy, Shoshenq I carved a report of campaigns in Nubia and Israel, with a detailed list of conquests in Israel. This is the first military action outside Egypt formally commemorated for several centuries. This report of conquests is the only surviving late Iron Age text concerning Canaan.

paragraph: Section::::Domestic policy.

paragraph: Libyan concepts of rule allowed for the parallel existence of leaders who were related by marriage and blood. Shoshenq and his immediate successors used that practice to consolidate their grasp on all of Egypt. Shoshenq terminated the hereditary succession of the high priesthood of Amun. Instead he and his successors appointed men to the position, most often their own sons, a practice that lasted for a century.

paragraph: Section::::Burial.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his son Osorkon I after a reign of 21 years. According to the British Egyptologist Aidan Dodson, no trace has yet been found of the tomb of Shoshenq I; the sole funerary object linked to Shoshenq I is a canopic chest of unknown provenance that was donated to the Egyptian Museum of Berlin (ÄMB 11000) by Julius Isaac in 1891. This may indicate his tomb was looted in antiquity, but this hypothesis is unproven. Egyptologists differ over the location of Shoshenq I's burial and speculate that he may have been buried somewhere in Tanis—perhaps in one of the anonymous royal tombs here—or in Bubastis. However, Troy Sagrillo in a GM 205 (2005) paper observes that "there are only a bare handful of inscribed blocks from Tanis that might name the king (i.e., Shoshenq I) and none of these come from an "in situ" building complex contemporary with his reign." Hence, it is more probable that Shoshenq was buried in another city in the Egyptian Delta. Sagrillo offers a specific location for Shoshenq's burial—the Ptah temple enclosure of Memphis—and notes that this king built:

paragraph: Sagrillo concludes by observing that if Shoshenq I's burial place was located at Memphis, "it would go far in explaining why this king's funerary cult lasted for some time at the site after his death."

paragraph: While Shoshenq's tomb is currently unknown, the burial of one of his prominent state officials at Thebes, the Third Prophet of Amun Djedptahiufankh, was discovered intact in tomb DB320 in the 19th Century. Inscriptions on Djedptahiufankh's Mummy bandages show that he died in or after Year 11 of this king. His mummy was discovered to contain various gold bracelets, amulets and precious carnelian objects and give a small hint of the vast treasures that would have adorned Shoshenq I's tomb.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Bierbrier, The Late New Kingdom in Egypt (c.1300-664 BC), Aris & Philips Ltd, (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ricardo A. Caminos, Gebel Es-Silsilah No. 100, JEA 38 (1952), pp. 46–61

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rupert L. Chapman III, Putting Shoshenq I in his Place, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 141, 1 (2009), pp. 4–17

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Georges Daressy, Les Parents de Chéchanq I, ASAE 16 (1916), 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aidan Dodson, The Canopic Equipment of the Kings of Egypt, Kegan Paul Intl, (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erika Feucht, Zwei Reliefs Scheschonqs I. aus El Hibeh, SAK 6 (1978), 69-77

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alan H. Gardiner, The Dakhleh Stela, JEA 19 (1933), 19-30

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rolf Krauss, Das "wrš"-Datum aus Jahr 5 von Shoshenq [I], Discussions in Egyptology 62 (2005), pp. 43–48

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troy Leiland Sagrillo, 'The Mummy of Shoshenq I Re-discovered?,' GM 205 (2005), pp. 95–102

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troy Leiland Sagrillo, 'The Geographic Origins of the "Bubastite" Dynasty and Possible Locations for the Royal Residence and Burial Place of Shoshenq I.' In The Libyan period in Egypt: Historical and cultural studies into the 21st–24th Dynasties, edited by G.P.F. Broekman, R.J. Demarée, and O. Kaper. Egyptologische Uitgaven 23, Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters. 2009: pp. 341–359

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troy Leiland Sagrillo, 'Šîšaq’s army: 2 Chronicles 12:2–3 from an Egyptological perspective' In The ancient Near East in the 12th–10th Centuries BCE: Culture and history; proceedings of the international conference held at the University of Haifa, 2–5 May 2010, edited by Gershon Galil, Ayelet Gilboa, Aren M. Maeir, and Dan’el Kahn. Alter Orient und Altes Testament: Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Geschichte des Alten Orients und des Alten Testaments 392. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag. 2012: pp. 425–450.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troy Leiland Sagrillo. 2015. "Shoshenq I and biblical Šîšaq: A philological defense of their traditional equation." In "Solomon and Shishak: Current perspectives from archaeology, epigraphy, history and chronology; proceedings of the third BICANE colloquium held at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge 26–27 March 2011," edited by Peter J. James, Peter G. van der Veen, and Robert M. Porter. British Archaeological Reports (International Series) 2732. Oxford: Archaeopress. 61–81.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ad Thijs,'From the Lunar Eclipse of Takeloth II back to Shoshenq I and Shishak' In: P. James and P. van der Veen (eds.), Solomon and Shishak, BAR International Series 2732, Archaeopress, Oxford, 2015: pp. 42–60

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter van der Veen, The name Shishak, an update, JACF 10(2005), pp. 8, 42

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter van der Veen, 'The Name Shishaq: Shoshenq or Shyshu/q? Responding to the Critics and Assessing the Evidence ' In: P. James and P. van der Veen (eds.), Solomon and Shishak, BAR International Series 2732, Archaeopress, Oxford, 2015

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Campaign of Pharaoh Shoshenq I in Palestine, by Kevin A. Wilson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Palestine Campaign of Sheshonq I

description: Pharaoh of Egypt

wikidata_label: Shoshenq I

wikipedia_title: Shoshenq I


text:
ancient Rome
Livy
Ab Urbe Condita
Rome
decemviri
Kings of Rome
Appius Claudius
plebeian
Lucius Icilius
tribune
client
Forum
sedition
Shrine of Venus Cloacina
lictor
fasces
Roman Republic
Lucretia
Geoffrey Chaucer
The Physician's Tale
Canterbury Tales
Thomas Babington Macaulay
Lays of Ancient Rome
Appius and Virginia
John Webster
Thomas Heywood
Titus Andronicus
Steven Saylor
Roma
The Story of Virginia (Botticelli)
Verginia (gens)

categories: 460s BC births,5th-century BC women,Ancient Roman women,449 BC deaths,Roman mythology,Year of birth unknown,5th-century BC Romans,Deaths by stabbing in Italy,Verginii

image: 512px-Апий_Клавдий_Крас.jpg

paragraph: Verginia

paragraph: Verginia, or Virginia (ca. 465 BC449 BC), was the subject of a story of ancient Rome, related in Livy's "Ab Urbe Condita".

paragraph: The people of Rome were already angry with the decemviri for not calling the proper elections, taking bribes, and other abuses. It seemed that they were returning to the rule of the Kings of Rome who had been overthrown only a few decades before. In 451 BC, Appius Claudius began to lust after Verginia, a beautiful plebeian girl and the daughter of Lucius Verginius, a respected centurion. Verginia was betrothed to Lucius Icilius, a former tribune of the plebs, and when she rejected Claudius, Claudius had one of his clients, Marcus Claudius, claim that she was actually his slave. Marcus Claudius then abducted her while she was on her way to school. The crowd in the Forum objected to this, as both Verginius and Icilius were well-respected men, and they forced Marcus Claudius to bring the case before the decemvirs, led by Appius Claudius himself. Verginius was recalled from the field to defend his daughter, and Icilius, after threats of violence, succeeded in having Verginia returned to her house while the court waited for her father to appear. Claudius tried to have his own supporters intercept the messengers sent to summon Verginius, but they arrived too late to delay Verginius' arrival.

paragraph: When Verginius arrived two days later he gathered his supporters in the Forum. Claudius, however, would not let him speak, and declared that Verginia was indeed Marcus Claudius' slave. Appius Claudius had brought an armed escort with him and accused the citizens of sedition. The supporters of Verginius left the Forum rather than cause any violence, and Verginius begged to question his daughter himself. Claudius agreed to this, but Verginius grabbed a knife and, at the Shrine of Venus Cloacina, he stabbed Verginia, the only way he felt he could uphold her freedom. Verginius and Icilius were arrested, and their supporters returned to attack the lictors and destroy their fasces. This led to the overthrow of the decemviri and the re-establishment of the Roman Republic.

paragraph: Livy compared this story to the rape of Lucretia and the overthrow of the monarchy in 509 BC.

paragraph: The tale is retold, with varying fidelity, in several works of Western literature, including Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Physician's Tale" in his "Canterbury Tales", in Thomas Babington Macaulay's "Lays of Ancient Rome", and in the play "Appius and Virginia" by John Webster and Thomas Heywood, which includes the following lines:

paragraph: Verginia is also mentioned in "Titus Andronicus" and her story, with a twist, is also told in Steven Saylor's "Roma".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Story of Virginia (Botticelli)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Verginia (gens)

description: Roman heroine

wikidata_label: Verginia

wikipedia_title: Verginia


text:
Conservative
House of Commons
1832 general election
Barnstaple
Superintendent of British Honduras

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1835–1837,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Governors of British Honduras,1875 deaths,1804 births

paragraph: Charles St. John Fancourt

paragraph: Charles St. John Fancourt (1804–1875) was an English Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1832 to 1837 and later a British colonial superintendent.

paragraph: At the 1832 general election Fancourt was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Barnstaple. He held the seat until 1837. Fancourt was Superintendent of British Honduras from 1843 to 1851.

paragraph: Fancourt died at the age of 70.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Charles St. John Fancourt

wikipedia_title: Charles St. John Fancourt


text:
chronicle
Maluku islands
Richard Hakluyt
Afonso V of Portugal
Portuguese India
Ternate
Decade of Asia
PDF of original 1563 edition
Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
Moluccas
João de Barros
João Baptista Lavanha
Damião de Góis
Archivo General de Indias
Seville
Fernão Lopes de Castanheda
Gaspar Correia

categories: Portuguese historians,1557 deaths,Portuguese exploration in the Age of Discovery,Portuguese travel writers,Portuguese Renaissance writers,Year of birth uncertain,Portuguese colonial governors and administrators,1490s births,16th-century historians,North Maluku,16th-century Portuguese people

paragraph: António Galvão

paragraph: António Galvão (c. 1490–1557), known in English as Antonio Galvano, was a Portuguese soldier, chronicler and administrator in the Maluku islands, and a Renaissance historian, the first to present a comprehensive report of all the leading voyages and explorers up to 1550, either by Portuguese and by other nationalities. His works show a remarkable accuracy, especially the Treaty of Discovery published in Lisbon in 1563 and in English by Richard Hakluyt in 1601.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: António Galvão was the son of Duarte Galvão, chief diplomat and chronicler to king Afonso V of Portugal. In 1527 he sailed for Portuguese India where he became captain of the Maluku and governor of the fort of Ternate from 1536 to 1540. He is described in Chapter II of the Fifth Decade of Asia" as a respected governor, having sent a mission to Papua and receiving local embassies. He funded a seminar in Ternate, where he spent twelve thousand "cruzados" from the inheritance he had received from his father, and was known especially for his integrity. In 1540 he handed the government of the fortress to D. Jorge de Castro and returned to Portugal, where he discovered to have fallen into disgrace. He lived the last years in anonymity and poverty, in the Royal Hospital, awaiting a pension. There he died and was buried in 1557.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: António Galvão left two manuscripts. One was the treaty of the discoveries printed after his death, in 1563, in Lisbon by his friend Francisco de Sousa Tavares. Based on numerous written sources and documents, the work presented for the first time a synthesis of all the discoveries made by Portuguese and Spanish until 1550. Richard Hakluyt had it translated and published in English in 1601 as "The discoveries of the world - by Antonio Galvano".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tratado que compôs o nobre & notauel capitão Antonio Galuão, dos diuersos & desuayrados caminhos, por onde nos tempos passados a pimenta & especearia veyo da India às nossas partes, & assi de todos os descobrimentos antigos & modernos, que são feitos até a era de mil & quinhentos & cincoenta", published 1563 in Lisbon by João da Barreira. PDF of original 1563 edition from Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Digital. (A 1731 edition under the slightly altered title, "Tratado dos Descobrimentos, antigos e modernos, feitos até a era de 1550" was published in Lisbon by Oficina Ferreiriana).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Based on the 1601 English translation

paragraph: The second manuscript was a history of the Moluccas (Maluku) with the title:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Historia das Molucas, da natureza, e descubrimento daquellas terras divida em 10 livros". ("History of the Moluccas, nature and discovery of the lands divided into 10 books")

paragraph: This remained unpublished, the manuscript was passed by Francisco de Sousa Tavares to the crown. It is referred to by 16th-century chroniclers João de Barros and João Baptista Lavanha. It is alleged that a good part of it was reproduced verbatim within Damião de Góis's 1566-67 "Chronica del rey D. Manuel", but all trace of the original Galvão manuscript disappeared after Góis's death. In 1928, a document was found in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville with a history of the Maluku which was identified as being part (perhaps an early draft) of António Galvão's lost document. It was published in a bilingual (Portuguese-English) edition in 1971, arranged by Hubert Jacobs, under the title "A Treatise on the Moluccas (c. 1544), probably the preliminary version of António Galvão's lost Historia das Moluccas" (Rome: Jesuit Historical Society).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fernão Lopes de Castanheda

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaspar Correia

description: Portuguese administrator and historian

wikidata_label: António Galvão

wikipedia_title: António Galvão


text:
Mayor
Jacksonville, Florida
Democratic Party
John T. Alsop, Jr.
pontoons
St. Johns River
Fuller Warren Bridge
W. Haydon Burns
African-American
Political Graveyard

categories: Mayors of Jacksonville, Florida,Year of birth uncertain,20th-century American politicians,1976 deaths,1892 births,Florida Democrats

paragraph: Frank Whitehead (American politician)

paragraph: Caulie Frank Whitehead (July 2, 1892 – May 16, 1976) was an American politician. He was Mayor of Jacksonville, Florida, from 1945 to 1949. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Whitehead ran for Mayor of Jacksonville in 1945. He defeated the incumbent John T. Alsop, Jr., who had been mayor for eighteen years from 1923 to 1937 and from 1941 to 1945, in the Democratic primary; as there was no general election, Whitehead became mayor. Among his initiatives was a plan to ease the city's growing traffic problems by building a new bridge out of pontoons over the St. Johns River. This plan never came to fruition, but influenced the later construction of the conventional Fuller Warren Bridge. Whitehead was defeated in the 1949 mayoral race by the upstart W. Haydon Burns, who successfully courted African-American voters to overcome Whitehead. In Whitehead's later years he owned and ran a room-and-boarding house in Jacksonville. He died in 1976.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Political Graveyard

description: A Democrat, was Mayor of Jacksonville, Florida from 1945-1949

wikidata_label: Frank Whitehead

wikipedia_title: Frank Whitehead (American politician)


text: Bamako

text: Pope Francis

text: Cardinal

text: Mali

text: Ségou

text: Mali

text: Pierre Louis Leclerc

text: Ségou

text: Pontifical Biblical Institute

text: Markala

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Bamako

text: Accia

text: consecrated

text: Jozef Tomko

text: Luc Auguste Sangaré

text: Joseph Paul Barnabé Perrot

text: San

text: co-consecrators

text: Mopti

text: Archbishop of Bamako

text: Pope Francis

text: consistory on 28 June 2017

text: Le Monde

text: Swiss Leaks

text: La Stampa

categories: 1943 births,21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Malian Roman Catholics,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,People from Ségou,Bishops appointed by Pope John Paul II,Malian cardinals,Cardinals created by Pope Francis,Living people

paragraph: Jean Zerbo

paragraph: Jean Zerbo (born 27 December 1943) is a Malian Roman Catholic prelate who has served as Archbishop of Bamako since 1998. Pope Francis raised him to the rank of Cardinal on 28 June 2017. He is the first cardinal from Mali.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Jean Zerbo was born on 27 December 1943 in Ségou, Mali, and ordained a priest there on 10 July 1971 by Pierre Louis Leclerc, Bishop of Ségou.

paragraph: He continued his education first in Lyon in 1975 and then in Rome at the Pontifical Biblical Institute from 1977 to 1981, earning his licenciate in sacred scripture. Beginning in 1982, he was assigned to parish work in Markala while also teaching at the Major Seminary in Bamako.

paragraph: On 21 June 1988, Pope John Paul II appointed him Auxiliary Bishop of Bamako and Titular Bishop of Accia.

paragraph: On 20 November 1988, he was consecrated bishop by Jozef Tomko, Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, with Luc Auguste Sangaré, Archbishop of Bamako, and Joseph Paul Barnabé Perrot, Bishop emeritus of San, as co-consecrators.

paragraph: On 19 December 1994, Pope John Paul II named him Bishop of Mopti and on 27 June 1998 Archbishop of Bamako.

paragraph: Pope Francis raised Zerbo to the rank of cardinal at a consistory on 28 June 2017. At the end of May, "Le Monde" reported that Zerbo and other Malian prelates had secret Swiss bank accounts. Mali's conference of bishops responded that the financial dealings were "transparent", called the news report "tendentious", and noted that the Swiss Leaks release of financial documents appeared timed to embarrass the Catholic Church in Mali just when Zerbo's elevation put it in the public spotlight. "La Stampa" said that Zerbo's participation in the consistory demonstrated that an internal investigation had cleared him of financial wrongdoing.

paragraph: As archbishop he has fostered dialogue between Christians and Mali's Muslim majority and participated in peace negotiations, as well as called for humanitarian aid to those affected by conflicts in the country.. In 2012, he was part of a delegation of representatives of civil society that participated in discussions between Mali's ruling military regime and opposition political parties. He has been an advocate for national reconciliation ever since. He has also served as president of Caritas Mali, an international aid program for refugees and the poor.

paragraph: On 4 October 2017 he was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. Francis made him a member of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life on 23 December 2017.

description: Malian catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Jean Zerbo

wikipedia_title: Jean Zerbo


text:
Beyoncé Knowles
The Beyoncé Experience
I Am... World Tour
The Beyoncé Experience Live
I Am... Sasha Fierce
Irreplaceable
Green Light
The White House
President Barack Obama
Michelle Obama
Felipe Calderon
BET Awards
MTV Music Awards
Ellen
The Oprah Winfrey Show
Saturday Night Live
Good Morning America
The Today Show
The Arsenio Hall Show
The Queen Latifah Show
B.o.B.
The Wendy Williams Show
Victor Wooten
Montgomery Bell State Park
Nashville, Tennessee
Roy
"Live in America"
Soul Circus
will.i.am
DJ Lethal
Mike Elizondo
Eric Racy
ImPossible (album)
Victor Wooten
2NE1
2NE1
will.i.am
Songs About Girls
NX Zero
Beyoncé Knowles
The Beyoncé Experience Live
I Am... Sasha Fierce
Victor Wooten
Live in America
Soul Circus
Béla Fleck and the Flecktones
Little Worlds
The Ballad of Jed Clampett
B.o.B
Black Girls Rock!

wikipedia_title:
Beyoncé
The Beyoncé Experience
I Am... World Tour
The Beyoncé Experience Live
I Am... Sasha Fierce
Irreplaceable
Green Light (Beyoncé song)
White House
Barack Obama
Michelle Obama
Felipe Calderón
BET Awards
MTV Video Music Award
The Ellen DeGeneres Show
The Oprah Winfrey Show
Saturday Night Live
Good Morning America
Today (American TV program)
The Arsenio Hall Show
The Queen Latifah Show
B.o.B.
The Wendy Williams Show
Victor Wooten
Montgomery Bell State Park
Nashville, Tennessee
Future Man
Live in America (Victor Wooten album)
Soul Circus
Will.i.am
DJ Lethal
Mike Elizondo
Eric Racy
ImPossible (album)
Victor Wooten
2NE1
2NE1
Will.i.am
Songs About Girls
NX Zero
Beyoncé
The Beyoncé Experience Live
I Am... Sasha Fierce
Victor Wooten
Live in America (Victor Wooten album)
Soul Circus
Béla Fleck and the Flecktones
Little Worlds
The Ballad of Jed Clampett
B.o.B.
Black Girls Rock!

categories: Female bass guitarists,African-American guitarists,American bass guitarists,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Divinity Roxx

paragraph: Divinity Roxx is an American recording artist, composer, and musician. Her work includes elements of rhythm and blues, hip hop, funk, soul, and rock. As a rapper and bassist, her performances have been reviewed as radical and distinctive because of her unique ability to combine vigorous bass lines with simultaneous tongue-twisting yet authoritative rapping.

paragraph: She is best known for touring and performing with Beyoncé Knowles (2006–2011) as her bassist and Musical Director for "The Beyoncé Experience" and "I Am... World Tour". On the "I Am...Sasha Fierce" World tour, Divinity also helped compose music alongside Bibi McGill, Brittani Washington and Rie Tsuji. She has appeared in three DVDs with Beyoncé including "The Beyoncé Experience Live", "I Am... Sasha Fierce", and "". She has also appeared in two videos, "Irreplaceable" and "Green Light". Divinity has performed with Beyonce at The White House for President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama during a State Dinner for the President of Mexico, Felipe Calderon. She also performed with Beyonce during her Glastonbury performance. She has also performed on the Grammy's, The BET Awards, MTV Music Awards, "Ellen", "The Oprah Winfrey Show", "Saturday Night Live", "Good Morning America", "The Today Show" and

paragraph: countless other television shows with Beyonce. In 2014, Divinity played bass on The Arsenio Hall Show and The Queen Latifah Show with Atlanta born rapper, B.o.B.. Divinity has also appeared on Big Morning Buzz Live With Nick Lechey and The Wendy Williams Show with singer [K.Michelle].

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: In October 2000, Divinity attended Victor Wooten's Bass Nature Camp at Montgomery Bell State Park near Nashville, Tennessee. There she met Victor Wooten and his brothers Regi, Joseph, Roy, and Rudy. Once the camp was over, Victor asked Divinity to tour with him. She began touring with Wooten's band where she was a featured part of the show from 2000-2005. She is recorded on Wooten's "Live in America" (2001) and "Soul Circus" (2005) albums under the names, D. Walker and MC Divinity. She also appears on Victor Wooten's album, Words and Tones (2012)

paragraph: Section::::Solo Recordings.

paragraph: Ain’t No Other Way (2003)

paragraph: Divinity's first album "Ain't No Other Way" was self-released in 2012 while touring with Victor Wooten. The album featured production from will.i.am, DJ Lethal, and Mike Elizondo.

paragraph: The Roxx Boxx Experience (2012)

paragraph: Divinity's second EP, "The Roxx Boxx Experience", was released in October 2012. The album featured Divinity Roxx (bass, lead vocals), Matt McMoots (guitar, backing vocals, backing bass), Omar Gusmao (guitar, backing vocals), and Carlos McSwain (drums, backing vocals). The album was mixed by Eric Racy and Mastered by Chris Gehringer for Sterling Sound

paragraph: ImPossible (2016)

paragraph: Divinity released ImPossible (album) April 19, 2016. This is album features elements of funk, soul, rock, hip-hop and jazz.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victor Wooten - "Words and Tones" ("Get it Right", "Say Word", "Heaven") (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2NE1 - "2NE1 GLOBAL TOUR NEW EVOLUTION IN SEOUL!" DVD (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2NE1 - "GLOBAL TOUR NEW EVOLUTION IN SEOUL! Live CD" (Dec 4, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- will.i.am – "Songs About Girls" ("She's a Star") (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NX Zero – "A Melhor Parte De Mim 0.2" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beyoncé Knowles – "The Beyoncé Experience Live" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beyoncé Knowles – "I Am... Sasha Fierce" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beyoncé Knowles – "Live in Vegas Instrumentals" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beyoncé Knowles – "Irreplaceable Live at Glastonbury" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Essence Music Festival, Vol 4: The Collection (Live)" ("Single Ladies") (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victor Wooten – "Live in America" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victor Wooten - "Soul Circus" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Béla Fleck and the Flecktones – "Little Worlds" ("The Ballad of Jed Clampett") (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divinity Roxx – "Ain’t No Other Way" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divinity Roxx - "The Roxx Boxx Experience" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divinity Roxx - "ImPossible" (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Television Appearances.

paragraph: Divinity appeared on the television show The Soul Man alongside the musical guest B.o.B. while playing bass on his Promo Tour for the album "Underground Luxury".

paragraph: Divinity is currently the bass player in the house band for the BET produced television show Black Girls Rock! (2014-2016), backing such artists as Erykah Badu, Patti Labelle, Gladys Knight, Brandy, Monica and Jazmine Sullivan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divinity Roxx at CD Baby

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divinity Roxx at ReverbNation

description: musician

wikidata_label: Divinity Roxx

wikipedia_title: Divinity Roxx