text:
count of Champagne
ruler of Jerusalem
Henry I of Champagne
Marie of France
Louis VII of France
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Adèle of Champagne
Isabella of Hainault
Philip II of France
Theobald
Philip II, King of France
Richard I, King of England
siege of Acre
Isabella I of Jerusalem
Humphrey IV of Toron
Conrad of Montferrat
Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad
Acre
Acre
Tyre
Hashshashin
Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem
Maria of Montferrat
Haute Cour
Alice
Philippa
Ernoul
Pisa
Amalric of Lusignan
Cyprus
Hugh I of Cyprus
Theobald IV of Champagne
papal legate
Runciman, Steven

categories: Roman Catholic monarchs,Accidental deaths from falls,1166 births,Counts of Champagne,House of Blois,1197 deaths,Jure uxoris kings,Kings of Jerusalem

paragraph: Henry II, Count of Champagne

paragraph: Henry II of Champagne (or Henry I of Jerusalem) (29 July 1166 – 10 September 1197) was count of Champagne from 1181 to 1197, and ruler of Jerusalem from 1192 to 1197, although he never used the title of king.

paragraph: Section::::Early Life and Family.

paragraph: Henry was the eldest son of Count Henry I of Champagne and Marie of France, a daughter of King Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine. His aunt Adèle of Champagne was Queen of France.

paragraph: In 1171, Henry was betrothed to Isabella of Hainault. When she married Philip II of France instead, his father, aunt and other members of his family were angered. It temporarily made Queen Mother Adèle's faction hostile to Isabella's family and so caused tension at the French court.

paragraph: Henry's father died in 1181, and his mother ruled as regent until 1187.

paragraph: Section::::Crusade.

paragraph: In 1190 Henry left for the East, after having his barons swear to recognize his younger brother Theobald as his successor should he fail to return. He joined the Third Crusade, arriving ahead of his uncles, Philip II, King of France and Richard I, King of England. Initially, he was one of the leaders of the French contingent at the siege of Acre before Philip's arrival. He is said to have been a member of the group involved in the abduction of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem, to get her to consent to a divorce from Humphrey IV of Toron so that she could be married to Conrad of Montferrat. Henry was related to Conrad through both his maternal grandparents. According to Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad, he was wounded at Acre on 15 November.

paragraph: Later on in the campaign, Henry shifted his allegiances to Richard. In April 1192, King Richard sent Henry as his representative from Acre to Tyre, to inform Conrad of Montferrat of his election as King of Jerusalem. Henry then returned to Acre. A few days later, Conrad was assassinated by two Hashshashin. Henry came back to Tyre two days later, ostensibly to help organise Conrad's coronation, but found that a funeral was being prepared instead. He was immediately betrothed to the newly widowed—and pregnant—Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem. They were married just eight days after Conrad's death.

paragraph: The marriage was glossed romantically by some of the chroniclers: that Isabella was so taken with Henry's physical attractions (he was 20 years younger than Conrad) that she asked him to marry her. Since she was already known to be pregnant with Conrad's child (Maria of Montferrat), the marriage was considered scandalous by some, but it was politically vital for her to acquire another husband to defend the kingdom. However, some consultation with the "Haute Cour" might have been expected. The couple went on to have two daughters, Alice and Philippa.

paragraph: Henry asked for permission from his uncle Richard, who gave it promptly: however, since Richard was suspected of Conrad's murder, this raises further questions about the whole episode. Indeed, Henry, who was known to the Arabs as ""al-kond Herri"", later sought an alliance with the Hashshashin, and was invited to visit their fortress stronghold, al-Kahf. To demonstrate his authority, the grand master of the Hashshashin beckoned to two adherents, who immediately flung themselves from the ramparts to their deaths. The Hashshashin then offered to commit a murder for Henry, as an honour to their guest. Henry demurred, concluded the treaty, and departed. Patrick A. Williams has suggested Henry himself as a suspect in Conrad's murder, although it would have been a risky undertaking without his uncle's support.

paragraph: Henry died in 1197, falling from a first-floor window at his palace in Acre. There are varying accounts in different manuscripts of the "Old French Continuation of William of Tyre", also known as "The Chronicle of Ernoul". The majority suggest that a window-lattice or balcony gave way as he leaned against it. A servant, possibly a dwarf named Scarlet, also fell, after trying to save him by catching hold of his hanging sleeve, but he weighed too little to pull the king (who was tall and strongly built) back. Another version suggests that Henry had been watching a parade from the window, when a party of Pisan envoys entered the room. Turning to greet them, he stepped backwards and overbalanced. Whatever the exact circumstances, Henry was killed outright; the servant, who suffered a fractured femur, raised the alarm, but later died of his injury. Some accounts suggest that Henry might have survived if his servant had not landed on top of him.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: His widow Queen Isabella remarried soon after his death. Her fourth (and last) husband was Amalric of Lusignan, king of Cyprus. Henry's heir-general was his eldest daughter Alice who was soon married to her stepbrother King Hugh I of Cyprus and whose heirs represent the senior line of Counts of Champagne.

paragraph: Henry left behind several difficulties for Champagne. He had borrowed a great deal of money to finance his expedition to Jerusalem, and for his marriage; and the succession to the county of Champagne would later be contested by his daughters. In 1213, supporters of his nephew Theobald IV of Champagne alleged to a papal legate that the annulment of Isabella's marriage to Humphrey of Toron (who was still alive during her marriage to Henry) was invalid, and therefore the girls were illegitimate. However, this was questionable: the legitimacy of Isabella's daughter by Conrad, Maria, and the right of her descendants to the throne of Jerusalem was never challenged, and if Maria was legitimate, so too were Isabella's daughters by Henry. Theobald eventually had to buy off both Alice and Philippa at considerable cost.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morgan, M. R. "The Chronicle of Ernoul and the Continuations of William of Tyre",1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- Payne, Robert. "The Dream and the Tomb", 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runciman, Steven. "A History of the Crusades", vol. 3, 1954

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wheeler, Bonnie. "Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady", 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Williams, Patrick A. "The Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat: Another Suspect?", "Traditio", vol. XXVI, 1970.

alias:
Henry II of Champagne
Henry I of Jerusalem
Henri II de Champagne

description: count of Champagne from 1181 to 1197, and King of Jerusalem from 1192 to 1197

wikidata_label: Henry II, Count of Champagne

wikipedia_title: Henry II, Count of Champagne


text: Conservative Party

text: House of Commons

text: Quaker

text: Samuel Hoare

text: Harrow School

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: University

text: Quidnuncs

text: Sidestrand

text: Norfolk

text: 1885 general election

text: North Norfolk

text: Member of Parliament

text: Norwich

text: 1906 general election

text: baronet

text: Conservative

categories: UK MPs 1892–1895,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1885–1886,People educated at Harrow School,UK MPs 1900–1906,UK MPs 1886–1892,UK MPs 1895–1900,1915 deaths,1841 births

paragraph: Sir Samuel Hoare, 1st Baronet

paragraph: Sir Samuel Hoare, 1st Baronet (7 September 1841 – 20 January 1915), was an English Conservative Party politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1886 to 1906.

paragraph: Hoare was the great-grandson of the Quaker Samuel Hoare, one of the twelve founding members of the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. He was educated at Bayfield Preparatory School, Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge., where he played cricket in the University trials; he also played for Quidnuncs. He undertook two tours of the Mediterranean and Middle East between 1862 and 1865. He lived at Sidestrand Hall, Sidestrand, Norfolk.

paragraph: At the 1885 general election he unsuccessfully contested North Norfolk.

paragraph: He was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich at a by-election in April 1886, and retained the seat until he stood down at the 1906 general election. He was created a baronet in 1899.

paragraph: Hoare married Katherine Louisa Hart Davis (1846-1931); they had seven children, including the Conservative politician Samuel John Gurney Hoare, Viscount Templewood.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Sir Samuel Hoare, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Samuel Hoare, 1st Baronet


text: Victorian era

text: Oscar Wilde

text: Anglo-Irish

text: Dublin

text: William Wilde

text: Jane Francesca Wilde

text: Oscar

text: Young Irelanders

text: Oto

text: Ophthalmologic

text: archaeology

text: folklore

text: dispensary

text: Trinity College, Dublin

text: Merrion Square

text: salon

text: Sheridan le Fanu

text: Samuel Lever

text: George Petrie

text: Isaac Butt

text: Samuel Ferguson

text: Portora Royal School

text: Enniskillen

text: Ulster

text: Trinity College, Dublin

text: Irish Bar

text: Punch

text: Vanity Fair

text: The Daily Telegraph

text: Pol Roger

text: Henry Irving

text: Herbert Beerbohm Tree

text: J. Comyns Carr

text: Edward Dicey

text: Carlo Pellegrini

text: Frederic Clay

text: Oscar Wilde

text: Frank Leslie

text: Frank Leslie

text: Lotos Club

text: Society

text: Lady Windermere's Fan

text: Vanity Fair

text: A Woman of No Importance

text: Max Beerbohm

text: caricature

text: William Rothenstein

text: Broadstairs

text: Constance

text: Lady Wilde

text: Dorothy 'Dolly' Ierne Wilde

text: Bram Stoker

text: Chelsea

text: Robert Ross

text: Alexander Teixeira de Mattos

text: Biography of Willie Wilde

text: Biography of Willie Wilde

categories: Victorian poets,People educated at Portora Royal School,Alumni of Trinity College Dublin,19th-century Irish poets,Oscar Wilde,1852 births,Irish people of Italian descent,Anglo-Irish people,People from County Dublin,1899 deaths,Irish male poets,Male journalists,Irish journalists,19th-century journalists,Alcohol-related deaths in England,Irish Protestants

paragraph: Willie Wilde

paragraph: William Charles Kingsbury Wilde (26 September 1852 – 13 March 1899) was an Irish journalist and poet of the Victorian era and the older brother of Oscar Wilde.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Willie was the oldest son born into an Anglo-Irish family, at 21 Westland Row, Dublin, to Sir William Wilde and his wife Jane Francesca Wilde (née Elgee) (her pseudonym being 'Speranza'). Their second son, Oscar, was born in the same house in 1854. Jane Wilde was a successful writer, being a poet for the revolutionary Young Irelanders in 1848 and a lifelong Irish nationalist. Sir William was Ireland's leading Oto-Ophthalmologic (ear and eye) surgeon and was knighted in 1864 for his services to medicine. William also wrote books on archaeology and folklore. He was a renowned philanthropist, and his dispensary for the care of the city's poor, in Lincoln Place at the rear of Trinity College, Dublin, was the forerunner of the Dublin Eye and Ear Hospital, now located at Adelaide Road.

paragraph: In June 1855, the family moved to 1 Merrion Square in a fashionable residential area, where Wilde's sister, Isola, was born in 1856. Here, Lady Wilde held a regular Saturday afternoon salon with guests including Sheridan le Fanu, Samuel Lever, George Petrie, Isaac Butt and Samuel Ferguson.

paragraph: In February 1864, Willie and Oscar were sent to board at the Portora Royal School at Enniskillen in Ulster, where Willie became known for his good-humour and friendliness, later being described by a classmate as "clever, erratic and full of vitality". Oscar became known to his school fellows by the nickname 'Grey Crow', which he disliked, while Willie was 'Blue Blood'. Willie was "an accomplished pianist and an artist of little talent' Oscar Wilde later recalled that the headmaster, Dr Steele, had told him that “If I went on studying as I had been during the last year I might yet do as well as my brother Willie, and be an honour to the school and everyone connected with it.”

paragraph: Willie was already a student at Trinity College, Dublin when Oscar joined him in 1871, the two sharing rooms during their second and third years there. In 1876 'Willie' published several of his poems in the College magazine "Kottabos", which he also edited.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: After graduating from Trinity College Willie Wilde studied law and was called to the Irish Bar, but he never actually practised law. His father died in 1876, and in early 1879 Willie and Lady Wilde moved to London, where he became a journalist, serving as a drama critic for "Punch" and "Vanity Fair", as a leader writer for "The Daily Telegraph", and as editor of Christmas numbers of several magazines.

paragraph: Willie was a regular guest at the Fielding Club, which during its short life opened its doors at eight o'clock in the evening and remained open all night. The club was famous for its grills, its brandy and its Pol Roger '74, but its tripe and onions on Saturdays were an especial draw. One member listed Willie among those who were "constant guests" on Saturdays, along with Henry Irving, Herbert Beerbohm Tree, J. Comyns Carr, Edward Dicey, Carlo Pellegrini, Frederic Clay and Oscar Wilde.

paragraph: Ralph Nevill, the son of Lady Dorothy Nevill, said of Willie Wilde:

paragraph: "Willie Wilde was a clever journalist who, had he been less careless in his habits, might have achieved considerable success. As it was, a number of the articles which he wrote for the Daily Telegraph were little short of brilliant, while as a talker, few could equal him. He was, however, his own enemy, and could not resist the attractions of the moment or settle down long to regular work – in truth, though not very old in years, he belonged to the now almost extinct school of journalists which, taking ‘sufficient is the day for the evil there of’ as their motto, never gave a thought to the future (or anything else) if they happened to have a few pounds in their pockets."

paragraph: By the time of Oscar's marriage, in 1884, Willie was seriously in debt and drinking heavily. On 4 October 1891, aged 39, Willie married a wealthy widow, Mrs Frank Leslie (1836–1914), the owner of the Frank Leslie Publishing Company in New York. She was initially attracted by Willie's humour and wit. He proceeded to spend much of his time in New York drinking at the fashionable Lotos Club, gossiping about London Society and reciting parodies of his brother's poems, which perhaps suggests that he was jealous of Oscar's success. His marriage was short-lived, Mrs Leslie starting divorce proceedings within a year on the grounds of Willie's drunkenness and adultery. They were finally divorced on 10 June 1893. It was Mrs Leslie who approached Oscar Wilde with the idea that he give a series of lectures in the United States. Oscar lectured throughout the year 1882, so this attribute to Mrs. Leslie can't possibly be accurate.

paragraph: On his return to London, early in 1892, Willie found that Oscar was the toast of the town for his successful play "Lady Windermere's Fan". It is believed that Willie wrote the ambivalent review of the play that was published unsigned in "Vanity Fair" on 27 February 1892 (he had previously been a drama critic for the magazine). The reviewer, whoever he really was, wrote that "The play was 'brilliantly unoriginal,' but the dialogue was 'uniformly bright, graceful and flowing.' He concluded that it was 'an undeniably clever piece of work; and even though it has its weaknesses, it reflects credit on its author. ... It is emphatically a play to see.'" Oscar, believing that he recognised his brother's hand behind the anonymous review, was by then writing "A Woman of No Importance", in which one character says: "After a good dinner, one can forgive anybody, even one's own relations."

paragraph: By now Willie Wilde was in serious financial difficulties and Oscar began giving him money, but bad feeling between the brothers heightened when Oscar discovered that Willie was pestering their mother for money even though she was far from well-off. Oscar once said of Willie, "He sponges on everyone but himself." Max Beerbohm saw the brothers as mirror images and portrayed them as such in his caricatures of them. In a letter to the painter William Rothenstein Beerbohm wrote, "... did I tell you that I saw a good deal of [Oscar's] brother Willie at Broadstairs? "Quel monstre!" Dark, oily, suspect yet awfully like Oscar: he has Oscar's coy, carnal smile & fatuous giggle, & not a little of Oscar's "esprit". But he is awful – a veritable tragedy of family-likeness".

paragraph: Beerbohm later wrote:

paragraph: "My sister Constance came home one day and summoned my mother and me; she was quivering to tell us what had happened. She knew in advance it was the sort of thing my mother would adore. Well, Constance had been walking along the street and met Willie Wilde – Oscar's brother. In one hand, he was carrying a huge leg of mutton by the narrow part; with his free hand he swept off his hat and bent over double in a grand, ceremonial bow. There was something so grotesquely funny in the way he did it, conveying both the mutton and the bow. We decided it was a first class thing."

paragraph: In January 1894 Willie married Sophie Lily Lees (1859–1922), with whom he had been living. She has been described as "an emotional woman with a tendency to early panic ... she believed (incorrectly) that she was pregnant" She tried to induce an abortion by taking a powder. The marriage caused further distress to Lady Wilde when the couple moved in with her. She wrote to Oscar on 4 February 1894, telling him of the marriage: "Miss Lees has but £50 a year and this just dresses her. She can give nothing to the house and Willie is always in a state of utter poverty. So all is left upon me." Willie and Lily had their only child, Dorothy 'Dolly' Ierne Wilde, in July 1895.

paragraph: Lady Wilde wrote Oscar a lengthy letter seeking reconciliation between him and Willie, who, she said, was "sickly and extravagant". She added that she was "miserable at the present position of [her] two sons" and "at the general belief that you hate your brother". She then asked Oscar to hold out his hand to Willie, a request she repeated several times in the letter: "Come then & offer him yr. hand in good faith – & begin a new course of action."

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: Following Oscar's arrest and first trial in April 1895, Willie claimed that he gave his brother shelter when he was unable to find rooms in London. Willie said that Oscar "fell down on my threshold like a wounded stag". Standing by his brother, Willie wrote to Bram Stoker, "Bram, my friend, poor Oscar was not as bad as people thought him. He was led astray by his Vanity – & conceit, & he was so 'got at' that he was weak enough to be guilty – of indiscretions and follies – that is all... I believe this thing will help to purify him body & soul." Willie did not meet Oscar after he was released from prison in 1897.

paragraph: On 13 March 1899 Willie died, aged 46, at 9 Cheltenham Terrace in Chelsea from complications related to his alcoholism. After Robert Ross wrote to Oscar in France informing him of Willie's death, Oscar replied: "I suppose it had been expected for some time. ... Between him and me there had been, as you know, wide chasms for many years. "Requiescat in Pace"."

paragraph: Willie's widow remarried in 1900. Her second husband, who became Dolly's stepfather, was the Dutch-born translator Alexander Teixeira de Mattos.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Willie Wilde

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Willie Wilde

paragraph: BULLET::::- Willie Wilde in the Oscar Wilde Collection

wikidata_label: Willie Wilde

wikipedia_title: Willie Wilde


text:
cricket
Victoria
Australia national cricket team
Test cricket
West Indies
Bellerive Oval
five-wicket haul
Dandenong Cricket Club
Victorian Premier Cricket
Australia
Kolkata Knight Riders
tour of Bangladesh
Imrul Kayes
2011 tour to Sri Lanka
2011/12 home series against New Zealand
debut Test
2011 Boxing Day Test against India
2012 T20 World Cup
3rd Test against India in March 2013
Shane Watson
Mitchell Johnson
Usman Khawaja
Michael Clarke
West Indies tour of Australia
2017 ICC Champions Trophy
Cricket Australia
Australia's squad
2019 Ashes series
Darren Pattinson
England
Nottinghamshire
Tory Dickson

categories: Brisbane Heat cricketers,Sportspeople from Melbourne,Melbourne Renegades cricketers,Cricketers who have taken five wickets on Test debut,Australia Test cricketers,Nottinghamshire cricketers,Australia Twenty20 International cricketers,Australian people of English descent,1990 births,Living people,Australia One Day International cricketers

paragraph: James Pattinson

paragraph: James Lee Pattinson (born 3 May 1990) is an Australian cricketer who plays for Victoria, and for the Australia national cricket team. After making his Test cricket debut in late 2011, he was out of Australia's Test side for nearly two years before returning to the side during the West Indies' 2015 tour of Australia. On return, he took five-wickets in the second innings, as Australia defeated the West Indies by an innings and 212 runs at the Bellerive Oval, his second five-wicket haul at the ground.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Pattinson played for Dandenong Cricket Club in Victorian Premier Cricket and also played for Australia in the 2008 Under-19 World Cup in Malaysia.

paragraph: On 23 December 2009, Pattinson broke the record for Victorian One Day cricket by taking 6 for 48 off 10 overs with 1 maiden, despite his efforts Victoria still lost to NSW at the SCG.

paragraph: On 9 January 2011, Pattinson was picked up by IPL team Kolkata Knight Riders for US$100,000 to play for them in IPL 2012.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Pattinson was named in the Australian ODI squad for its tour of Bangladesh in April 2011. He made his ODI debut in the third and final match of the series and took the wicket of Imrul Kayes. Pattinson joined the Australian Test squad for the 2011 tour to Sri Lanka, but did not play a Test.

paragraph: Pattinson made his Test debut in the 2011/12 home series against New Zealand, in the first Test in Brisbane on 1 December 2011. He took 5 wickets for 27 runs in the second innings of his debut Test and helped Australia to a nine-wicket win, then took five wickets in the first innings of the second test, and was named Man of the Series, with fourteen wickets at an average of 14.00 across the two tests. He won another Man of the Match award in his next Test, the 2011 Boxing Day Test against India, with match figures of 6/108 and 55 runs. but he wasn't included in Australia's squad for the 2012 T20 World Cup.

paragraph: Before the 3rd Test against India in March 2013, Australia dropped Pattinson, along with Shane Watson, Mitchell Johnson and Usman Khawaja following a breach of discipline. Michael Clarke, the captain, revealed that the extreme step had been taken as a result of repeated infractions which led to Watson flying back home and contemplating Test retirement. Former players reacted with astonishment at the harsh decision taken by the team management.

paragraph: Pattinson later returned to the Australian Test team during the West Indies tour of Australia in December 2015. In his first Test match back, Pattinson achieved his fourth five wicket haul, taking 5/27, which equaled his previous best bowling figures. He also reverted to his old bowling action, which gives him more control and pace that touches close to 150 km/h, but at a risk of re-injuring his back.

paragraph: On 20 April 2017, Pattinson was named in Australia's squad for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy.

paragraph: In April 2019, Pattinson was awarded a national contract by Cricket Australia for the 2019–20 season.

paragraph: In July 2019, he was named in Australia's squad for the 2019 Ashes series in England.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Pattinson's elder brother is Darren Pattinson, who played for England in one Test match. Although born in England, Darren Pattinson grew up in Melbourne's outer suburbs. He made his first-class debut for the Victorian Bushrangers and consequently won a contract with Nottinghamshire.

paragraph: Pattinson's girlfriend is Kayla Dickson, Tory Dickson's sister. They went to school together and have been together since 2012.

description: Australian cricketer

wikidata_label: James Pattinson

wikipedia_title: James Pattinson


text: Carthage

text: Jewish

text: Moses Margoliouth

text: Alexander M'Caul

text: Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna

text: Stanislaus Hoga

text: Tunis

text: Church of Scotland

text: Gibraltar

text: British Museum

text: Utica

text: Jane Franklin

text: Gammarth

text: Gustave Flaubert

text: Anthony Panizzi

text: Augustus Wollaston Franks

text: William Sandys Wright Vaux

text: Emanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch

text: Florence

text: Nathan Marcus Adler

categories: British Jews,1882 deaths,1812 births,British travel writers

paragraph: Nathan Davis (traveller)

paragraph: Nathan Davis (1812–1882) was a British traveller and amateur excavator, known for his work on the site of Carthage. He published "Carthage and her remains" (1861).

paragraph: Section::::Early life and background.

paragraph: Suggestions that Davis was an American are not now accepted. He was British, born in London of Jewish background, and later became a Christian convert.

paragraph: Section::::Missionary work.

paragraph: By his late 20s Davis was working for the London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews (LSPCJ). The association with the Society eventually damaged his reputation, according to Moses Margoliouth. Davis chose to side with Margoliouth and Alexander M'Caul in his approach to missionary work, rather than with the alternative views of Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna and Stanislaus Hoga.

paragraph: Davis spent a number of years in Northern Africa, at Tunis, as missionary to the Jews. From 1838 to 1843 he was there for the LSPCJ. He lived first at Douar el Chott (Dawwar ash Shatt) near Tunis. In his "Voice from North Africa" (1844), Davis attacked some British supposed philo-Semites, and that cost him his position with the LSPCJ.

paragraph: In 1844 Davis travelled to Scotland, returning to Tunis as a missionary for the Church of Scotland. He held that position to 1848. He was struggling with the work, however, and having caused offence to the local Jewish community was transferred to missionary work in Gibraltar, in 1849. That mission was closed in 1850, and Davis was moved back to London.

paragraph: In 1852 Davis, still employed by the Church of Scotland as a missionary to London Jews, edited the "Hebrew Christian Magazine". He became a nonconformist Christian minister.

paragraph: Section::::Work for the British Museum.

paragraph: From 1856 to 1858 Davis was engaged on behalf of the British Museum in excavations at Carthage and Utica. When Jane Franklin stayed with the Davises in 1858, they were living in Gammarth. The visit overlapped a period during which Gustave Flaubert called socially.

paragraph: With the backing of Anthony Panizzi, Davis had received British Foreign Office support for his dig, an unusual arrangement. Archaeological work had already been done at Carthage by the Danish consul Christian Tuxen Falbe, and the British consul Thomas Reade. Cases from Davis arrived at the museum in 1857; there were 51 cases received in 1858, and more in 1860.

paragraph: The major antiquities discovered were Roman mosaic pavements, and Phœnician inscriptions. Augustus Wollaston Franks was writing on the finds by 1859. The inscription were worked on by William Sandys Wright Vaux with Emanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch, a book "Inscriptions in the Phoenician Character" (1863) by Vaux offering translation into Latin with transcription into the Hebrew alphabet. This transliteration then became standard.

paragraph: Section::::Last years.

paragraph: Shortly before his death Davis revisited Tunis. He died in Florence on 6 January 1882 of congestion of the lungs.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Davis wrote:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tunis, or Selections from a Journal during a Residence in that Regency", Malta, 1841.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Voice from North Africa, or a Narrative illustrative of the … Manners of the Inhabitants of that Part of the World", Edinburgh [1844?]; another ed., dated 1844, Edinburgh.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Israel's true Emancipator", two letters to Nathan Marcus Adler, London, 1852. Under the pseudonym "E. H. C. M." (i.e. Editor of the Hebrew Christian Magazine).

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Benjamin Davidson, "Arabic Reading Lessons", London [1854].

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Evenings in my Tent, or Wanderings in Balad, Ejjareed, illustrating the … Conditions of various Arab Tribes of the African Sahara", 2 vols., London, 1854.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carthage and her Remains", London, 1861.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ruined Cities within Numidian and Carthaginian Territories", London, 1862.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: Attribution

description: British traveller and amateur excavator

wikidata_label: Nathan Davis

wikipedia_title: Nathan Davis (traveller)


text: Prussian Academy of Art

text: Ludwig Wilhelm Wichmann

text: Saint Petersburg

text: Saint Isaac's Cathedral

text: Winter Palace

text: Merope

text: Aepytus

text: Berlin-Mitte

text: terra cotta

text: pleurisy

text: Apostles

text: Helsinki Cathedral

text: Potsdam

text: Athena

text: Orangery Palace

text: Leipziger Straße

text: Abgeordnetenhaus

text: "Hermann Schievelbein"

text: Wilhelm Lübke

text: Google Books

categories: 1867 deaths,Prussian Academy of Arts alumni,German sculptors,1817 births,People from Berlin,German male sculptors

paragraph: Hermann Schievelbein

paragraph: Friedrich Anton Hermann Schievelbein (18 November 1817 – 6 May 1867) was a German sculptor.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of a master carpenter and lost his parents early, growing up in the home of an older sister. His artistic education began with the landscape painter Carl Friedrich Trautmann (1804-1875). Afterwards, he attended the Prussian Academy of Art from 1835 to 1838, where he studied with the sculptor Ludwig Wilhelm Wichmann. After graduating, he spent three years in Saint Petersburg, helping to decorate Saint Isaac's Cathedral and the Winter Palace.

paragraph: Two years later, he received the "Großen Staatspreis" for a figure of Merope about to kill her son Aepytus. The prize included a stipend that enabled him to travel in Italy. He broke off the trip in 1844 and returned early, having received a commission for a figure on the Schloßbrücke (Castle Bridge) in Berlin-Mitte. In 1860, he was appointed a professor at the academy, and became a member of its governing senate in 1866. In addition to his large-scale works, he also created sculptural decorations at the terra cotta factory of .

paragraph: A persistent chest ailment forced him to take frequent curative trips to the south. He died of pleurisy, aged only fifty.

paragraph: Section::::Selected major works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1845-1847: Zinc statues of four of the Apostles on the Helsinki Cathedral

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1850/1851: Terra cotta reliefs "Auszug der Krieger" (Retreat of the Warrior) and "Heimkehr des siegreichen Heeres" (Return of the Victorious Army) on the base of the Triumphal Arch, Potsdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1853: Statue "Athene unterrichtet den Jungen im Gebrauch der Waffen" (Athena Instructing a Young Warrior), on the Schloßbrücke.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1863/1864: Models for allegorical figures representing six of the months, on the West and East wings of the Orangery Palace in Potsdam. The full statues were executed from 1865 to 1866 by and .

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1867−1869: Monument for Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, formerly on the Dönhoffplatz on the Leipziger Straße, now in front of the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives) in Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helsing Taidemuseo: The Twelve Apostles on Helsinki Cathedral (in English)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museumsportal Berlin: "Schievelbeins Fries "Die Zerstörung Pompejis". Eine Katastrophe mit glücklichem Ausgang"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hermann Schievelbein", in "The History of Sculpture" by Wilhelm Lübke via Google Books

alias:
Hermann Friedrich Schievelbein
Hermann Friedrich Anton Schievelbein
H. Schievelbein

description: sculptor

wikidata_label: Hermann Schievelbein

wikipedia_title: Hermann Schievelbein


text:
stage
film actor
The Little School Mistress
Vittorio De Sica
Miracle in Milan
The Haller Case
Everybody's Woman
The Little School Mistress
Aldebaran
Luciano Serra, Pilot
The Silent Partner
Captain Fracasse
Carmela
Love Story
Short Circuit
Resurrection
Il sole sorge ancora
Hand of Death
Mistress of the Mountains
Canzoni per le strade
Miracle in Milan

categories: 20th-century Italian male actors,1962 deaths,Italian male film actors,Italian male stage actors,1880 births,Male actors from Rome

paragraph: Egisto Olivieri

paragraph: Egisto Olivieri (1880–1962) was an Italian stage and film actor. He appeared in more than forty films during his career including "The Little School Mistress" (1934). His final film appearance was in Vittorio De Sica's "Miracle in Milan" (1951)

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Haller Case" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Everybody's Woman" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Little School Mistress" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aldebaran" (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Luciano Serra, Pilot" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Silent Partner" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Captain Fracasse" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carmela" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Story" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Short Circuit" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Resurrection" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Il sole sorge ancora" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hand of Death" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mistress of the Mountains" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Canzoni per le strade" (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miracle in Milan" (1951)

description: Italian actor

wikidata_label: Egisto Olivieri

wikipedia_title: Egisto Olivieri


text: indigenous

text: Calamari

text: Atlantic

text: Pedro de Heredia

text: Spanish

text: Colombia

text: Diego de Nicuesa

text: Santo Domingo

text: Spanish language

text: Catholic

text: Native Americans

text: Alonso Montañez

text: Cartagena

text: King Carlos V

text: Corinche Indians

text: turbaco

text: Eladio Gil Zambrana

text: Cartagena Film Festival

text: La Malinche

text: Sacagawea

text: El Tiempo

text: Dr. Luis Fernando Villanueva

text: Places of interest in Cartagena

categories: Indigenous peoples in Colombia,History of Colombia,Buildings and structures in Cartagena, Colombia,Converts to Roman Catholicism,Women in war in Colombia,Monuments and memorials in Colombia,1529 deaths,People from Bolívar Department,Converts to Roman Catholicism from pagan religions,1490s births,Spanish colonization of the Americas,Monuments of Colombia,Colombian women,Women in 16th-century warfare

paragraph: India Catalina

paragraph: India Catalina (c. 1495 – ?) was an indigenous woman (almost certainly Calamari) from the Colombian Atlantic coast, who accompanied Pedro de Heredia and played a role in the Spanish conquest of Colombia, acting as interpreter and intermediary.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Catalina was abducted in 1509 by Spanish conqueror Diego de Nicuesa from an indigenous settlement known as Zamba o Galerazamba, where she was the daughter of the local chief. She was sent to Santo Domingo, where she learned the Spanish language and adopted the Catholic religion. Pedro de Heredia required her to serve as an interpreter to the Native Americans. Afterwards, she married Alonso Montañez, Pedro de Heredia's nephew.

paragraph: The events of the Spanish conquest in the area of modern Cartagena ended with the complete annihilation of the Calamari people, which happened while she was enslaved and abducted by the Spaniards.

paragraph: The name of Catalina India appeared in a letter sent for Pedro de Heredia to King Carlos V in 1533. No one knew what her real name was because he began calling her 'Catalina' from 1509 when the Diego de Nicuesa expedition kidnapped and took her to Santo Domingo where was educated as a Spaniard. From that time she would use Spanish dress only but was still considered a slave.

paragraph: When they returned to Cartagena twenty years after, she was changed. She made the first contact with Corinche Indians after her arrival with Heredia, on the 14 January 1533. She translated for Heredia in the pacification of the many Indian towns as turbacos that he eliminated in combat to Juan de La Cosa many years ago.

paragraph: Section::::Monument.

paragraph: The monument to India Catalina was sculpted by Eladio Gil Zambrana and presented to the public in 1974. Small scale replicas are used in the Cartagena Film Festival awards.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Malinche

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sacagawea

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lecturas: Fin de Semana El Tiempo newspaper, pag. 2, Vicente Martinez Emilliani, September 9, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Luis Fernando Villanueva

paragraph: BULLET::::- BIOGRAFÍAS DE HOMBRES ILUSTRES Ó NOTABLES, Relativas á la época del Descubrimiento, Conquista y Colonización de la parte de América denominada actualmente Estados Unidos de Colombia. Doña Soledad Acosta De Samper, 1883

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Places of interest in Cartagena

description: Indigenous Colombian translator and intermediary

wikidata_label: Catalina

wikipedia_title: India Catalina


text:
American
educator
politician
Oregon
mayor
Salem, Oregon
Oregon State University
University of Washington
Willamette University
Ohio
Milford, Ohio
Ohio Wesleyan University
Lane Theological Seminary
Doctor of Divinity
California
California Gold Rush
University of the Pacific
Santa Clara, California
Claude Gatch
Thomas Leigh Gatch
Judge Advocate General
United States Navy
World War II
Olympia, Washington
Willamette University
Doctor of Philosophy
Indiana Asbury University
University of Oregon
Eugene
Wasco Independent Academy
The Dalles, Oregon
University of Washington
Seattle
Oregon Agricultural College
Corvallis

categories: University of the Pacific (United States) faculty,Presidents of Willamette University,DePauw University alumni,People from Milford, Ohio,Presidents of the University of Washington,Mayors of Salem, Oregon,Lane Theological Seminary alumni,Presidents of Oregon State University,Educators from Cincinnati,1913 deaths,1833 births,Ohio Wesleyan University alumni

paragraph: Thomas Milton Gatch

paragraph: Thomas Milton Gatch (January 28, 1833 – April 23, 1913) was an American educator and politician in Oregon. He served one term as mayor of Salem, Oregon, was the president of what would become Oregon State University, served as president of the University of Washington, and twice served as president of Willamette University. A native of Ohio, he was the first president of Oregon State University to hold a doctorate degree.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Thomas Gatch was born in the town of Milford, Ohio, to Lucinda and Thomas Gatch. In Ohio, Gatch attended Ohio Wesleyan University where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1855. He then moved to Cincinnati where he took a course at Lane Theological Seminary, and was later awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from the school.

paragraph: Section::::Educational career.

paragraph: In 1856 Gatch moved west to California, where he mined gold during the California Gold Rush and also taught school for three years. He then taught at the University of the Pacific at Santa Clara, California. At Pacific he served as chair of the natural sciences and mathematics department. He was married in 1857 to Orytha Bennett, and they would have five children including Claude Gatch, who would become mayor of Salem. Claud's son Thomas Leigh Gatch, commanded the battleship and served as Judge Advocate General of the United States Navy during World War II.

paragraph: In 1859, Thomas Gatch moved to Olympia, Washington, where he worked as the principal of Puget Sound Wesleyan Institute. The following year, he was appointed as president of Willamette University in Salem, where he served until 1865. He returned to the position as president of the school, serving from 1870 until 1879. During this time Thomas Gatch then earned a Doctor of Philosophy in 1874 from Indiana Asbury University (now DePauw University). He also served as mayor of Salem from 1877 to 1878.

paragraph: From 1879 until 1881 he was a professor of history at the University of Oregon in Eugene; afterwards he helped found the Wasco Independent Academy in The Dalles, Oregon in 1881. Gatch served as president of that institution until 1886. Gatch was then selected to serve as president of the University of Washington in Seattle in 1887. In 1895 he left the school, and in 1897 he was appointed to the position of president of Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University). While at Oregon State he was also a professor of political and mental science, and was the first president of the school to hold a doctorate degree. Gatch served at the Corvallis school until July 1907 when he resigned as president, though continued teaching until the end of the year.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: After leaving Oregon State in 1907, he returned to his home in Seattle, Washington. Thomas Milton Gatch died in Seattle on April 23, 1913.

description: American mayor

wikidata_label: Thomas Milton Gatch

wikipedia_title: Thomas Milton Gatch


text:
Zamora
Spain
Brussels
Belgium
Franciscan
School of Salamanca
theology
philosophy
University of Alcalá
University of Salamanca
Luis Carvajal
Francisco de Vitoria
Bruges
Luther
Charles V
Philip II
Council of Trent
Santiago de Compostela
Antwerp
criminal law
encyclopedia
heresy
Charles V
Malleus Maleficarum
penalty
analogy
interpretation
guilt
blame
Martin de Azpilcueta
Diego de Covarubias y Leyva
Daniela Müller
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Catholic Encyclopedia
Hispánica

categories: Scholars of criminal law,1495 births,Participants in the Council of Trent,School of Salamanca,University of Salamanca alumni,1558 deaths,University of Salamanca faculty,Spanish Roman Catholic theologians,16th-century Spanish theologians,Spanish Friars Minor

paragraph: Alfonso de Castro

paragraph: Alfonso de Castro (1495 in Zamora, Spain – 11 February 1558 in Brussels, Belgium), known also as "Alphonsus a Castro", was a Franciscan theologian and jurist. He belongs to the group of theologian-jurists known as the School of Salamanca (otherwise identified as "Spanish Late Scholasticism").

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Alfonso de Castro entered, at the age of 15, the Franciscan Order and quickly became known as a good preacher. After his studies of theology and philosophy at the University of Alcalá which was established in these years, he became professor at the famous University of Salamanca, where, next to Luis Carvajal and Francisco de Vitoria, he founded the "Renaissance of Theology". According to his commitment in Bruges in 1532 against the doctrine of the Lutherans, he became counselor of emperor Charles V and of the Spanish king Philip II. As he took part in the Council of Trent in 1545-47 and again in 1551-52 he appeared to advocate both the Spanish-imperial interests and the Catholic faith. Philip II, whom Castro accompanied in 1553 and 1554 to his marriage in England, nominated him in 1557 as Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, but Castro did not assume that office. In his last years, Castro acted as a preacher in Antwerp.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: In his works Castro attended himself, basically, to the defense of "true faith" through criminal law. He gave enormous systematic impulses to the criminal law, so that in Spanish literature he was called the "father and founder of criminal law" - "padre y fundador del Derecho Penal". Outside of Spain, however, Castro remains nearly unknown.

paragraph: His first work, "Adversus omnes haereses libri XIV" (Paris 1534, Antwerp 1556), an alphabetical encyclopedia of heresy, collocates more than 400 species of this crime. This became one of the foundations of persecution of heretics in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was translated into the French language in 1712.

paragraph: Castro second opus, "De iusta hereticorum punitione libri III" (Salamanca 1547), dedicated to emperor Charles V, made him renowned as "flagellum of heretics" ("azote de herejes"). With theological and juristic principles therein he tried to define the golden mean between Pharisaic damnation and craven sufferance of heresy, the form of reversal to "true faith", the punishment of obstinacy and the socio-religious causes of heresy.

paragraph: The equalisation of heresy and magics is the subject of Castro's short commentary on the "Malleus Maleficarum" with the title "De impia sortilegarum, Maleficarum, & Lamiarum haeresi, earumque punitione Opvscvlvm" (Lyon 1568). He held that magics as a sort of heresy should be punished by death by fire. The pact with the demons, which is against Catholic faith, should clearly be explored.

paragraph: Castro's chief work in criminal law, however, may be his last publication, "De potestate legis poenalis libri duo" (Salamanca 1550, Reprint Madrid 1961). This work in detail deals with the notion of the criminal laws (in the meaning of "lex"), with nature and purpose of penalty and with the relations of delict and penalty. Castro therein presents not only the prescription of analogy and the principle of restrictive interpretation in criminal law, but, with his own radicalness, he acuminates the notion of penalty (poena) completely to the penalty for guilt, and, accordingly and for the first time in history, fits penalty with moral blame. His notion of penalty survives through the canonists Martin de Azpilcueta and Diego de Covarubias y Leyva in secular criminal law.

paragraph: After his death the collected works were published in Paris 1565 in four volumes.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eloy Bullón y Fernández, "Alfonso de Castro y la ciencia penal", Madrid 1900.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Santiago Castillo Hernández, "Alfonso de Castro y el problema de las leyes penales, o, la obligatoriedad moral de las leyes humanas", Salamanca 1941.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manuel de Castro, "Fr. Alfonso de Castro, O.F.M. (1495-1558), consejero de Carlos V y Felipe II", in: Salmanticensis 6 (1958), p. 281-322.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odilo Gómez Parente, "Hacia el cuarto centenario de Fray Alfonso de Castro, fundador del derecho penal (1558-1958). Conferencia pronunciada el 26 de Marzuo de 1957, en la casa de Zamora de Madrid", Madrid 1958.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harald Maihold, "Strafe für fremde Schuld? Die Systematisierung des Strafbegriffs in der Spanischen Spätscholastik und Naturrechtslehre". Köln u.a. 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harald Maihold, "Systematiker der Häresien – Erinnerung an Alphonso de Castro (1492-1558)", in: Zeitschrift für Rechtsgeschichte, Kan. Abt. 118 (2001), p. 523ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andres de la Mañaricua Neure: "La obligatoriedad de la ley penal en Alfonso de Castro", in: Revista Española de Derecho Canónico 4 (1949), p. 35ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniela Müller, "Ketzerei und Ketzerbestrafung im Werk des Alfonso de Castro", in: Frank Grunert und Kurt Seelmann (Hrsg.), Die Ordnung der Praxis. Neue Studien zur Spanischen Spätscholastik, Tübingen 2001, S. 333ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- José María Navarrete Urieta: "Alfonso de Castro y la ley penal", in: Revista de la Escuela de Estudios Penitenciarios 141 (Madrid 1959), p. 1405ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teodoro Olarte: "Alfonso de Castro (1495-1558). Su vida, su tiempo y sus ideas filosóficas-juridicas", San José, Costa Rica, 1946.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marcelino Rodríguez Molinero: "Origen español de la ciencia del Derecho penal, Alfonso de Castro y su sistema penal", Madrid 1959.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domingo Savall: "Fray Alfonso de Castro (1495-1558). La orientación voluntarista de su Derecho Penal" in: Archivo Ibero-Americano 38 (1935), p. 240ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana", Bilbao, Madrid, Barcelona 1905-30, tom. XII, p. 877.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hispánica

description: Spanish theologian

wikidata_label: Alfonso de Castro

wikipedia_title: Alfonso de Castro


text:
Grand Master of the Knights Templar
Craon family
Renaud le Bourguignon
Aquitaine
Angoumois
Palestine
Hughes de Payens
Crusader state
Pope Innocent II
bull
Omne Datum Optimum
tithe
crusader
Zengi
emir
Aleppo
Spanish
Lisbon
Battle of Tecua
Raymond Berenguer IV
Count of Barcelona
William of Tyre
Council of Acre
Second Crusade
Everard des Barres

categories: 12th-century French people,Christians of the Second Crusade,1147 deaths,Craon family,Grand Masters of the Knights Templar

paragraph: Robert de Craon

paragraph: Robert de Craon or Robert Burgundio (died 13 January 1147) was the second Grand Master of the Knights Templar from June 1136 until his death. He was a member of the Craon family, son of Renaud le Bourguignon and Ennoguen de Vitré.

paragraph: Robert was born around the turn of the 12th century, the youngest of the three sons of Renaud de Craon. He settled in Aquitaine and was engaged to the daughter of the lord of Angoumois, but gave up his wedding and travelled to Palestine after learning of the foundation of the Templar Order by Hughes de Payens. He soon showed his military valour and his piety, and in 1136, after the death of Hughes, he was chosen as the new Grand Master. He proved to be a brilliant organizer and legislator, and turned the Order into a major force in the Crusader states. On March 29, 1139, Pope Innocent II issued the bull "Omne Datum Optimum", which exempted the order from tithes and made them independent of any ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The Templars were also granted the habit of a red cross over a white tunic, which has since become the popular image of any crusader.

paragraph: He was less fortunate as a military leader. As soon as he had been elected, he defeated Zengi, the emir of Aleppo and let his knights plunder the enemy camp; Zengi returned and destroyed the unorganized pillagers. Robert authorized the Spanish Templars to lead a naval expedition of about 70 ships against Lisbon, but this also ended in defeat. In 1140 the Templars resisted a numerically superior Turkish army at the Battle of Tecua.

paragraph: In 1143, after protracted negotiations between Raymond Berenguer IV (the Count of Barcelona and a Templar) the order's mission on the Iberian peninsula was defined. According to William of Tyre, Robert participated in the Council of Acre during the Second Crusade in 1148, but according to the "Obituary of Reims", he died in January 1147, and was succeeded by Everard des Barres in April that year. Some authors give a date of death of 13 January 1147.

description: Grand Master of the Knights Templar

wikidata_label: Robert de Craon

wikipedia_title: Robert de Craon


text: Jerusalem

text: Desert Mother

text: Emperor

text: Constantine

text: Christianity

text: Roman Empire

text: Abba Macarius

text: Egypt

text: Saint Jerome

text: Saint Augustine of Hippo

text: Saint Paulinus of Nola

text: Evagrius of Pontus

text: Mount of Olives

text: Jerusalem

text: Rufinus of Aquileia

text: Origen

text: Spain

text: Valerius Maximus Basilius

text: Proconsul

text: Achaea

text: Praefectus Urbi

text: Rome

text: Christian

text: Rome

text: Alexandria

text: Nitria

text: Wadi Natroun

text: Bishop Athanasius

text: Mount of Olives

text: Origenist

text: Palladius of Galatia

text: Caeionius Rufius Albinus

text: Melania the Younger

text: Augustine of Hippo

text: marched on Rome

text: Thagaste

text: saint

text: feast day

text: Evagrius of Pontus

categories: Saints from Hispania,Saints from the Holy Land,417 deaths,Ancient Roman women,4th-century Romans,Late Ancient Christian female saints,325 births,5th-century Romans

paragraph: Melania the Elder

paragraph: Saint Melania the Elder, Latin Sancta Melania Maior (born in Spain, ca. 350–died in Jerusalem before 410 or in ca. 417) was a Desert Mother who was an influential figure in the Christian ascetic movement (the Desert Fathers and Mothers) that sprang up in the generation after the Emperor Constantine made Christianity a legal religion of the Roman Empire. She was a contemporary of, and well known to, Abba Macarius and other Desert Fathers in Egypt, Saint Jerome, Saint Augustine of Hippo, Saint Paulinus of Nola (her cousin or cousin-in-law; he gives a colorful description of her visit to Nola in his Letters), and Evagrius of Pontus, and she founded two religious communities on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. She stands out for the convent she founded for herself and the monastery she established in honour of Rufinus of Aquileia, which belong to the earliest Christian communities, and because she promoted the asceticism which she, as a follower of Origen, considered indispensable for salvation.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: St. Melania the Elder (325-410), one of the wealthiest citizens of the empire, was born in Spain, and was related to Paulinus of Nola. Her father, Marcellinus, was of consular rank. She married at fourteen, and moved with her husband, Valerius Maximus Basilius, Proconsul of Achaea and a Praefectus Urbi, to the suburbs of Rome. Her husband and two out of three sons had died by the time she was twenty-two. She became a Christian in Rome and, leaving her son, Valerius Publicola, with a guardian, set off to Alexandria, accompanied by her servants, to join other Christian ascetics to visit the monks at Nitria.

paragraph: She stayed with the monks in the desert near Alexandria, Egypt (today the area is known as Wadi Natroun) for about six months. When persecution broke out after the death of Bishop Athanasius in 373 and many of the monks were exiled to Diocaesaraea in Palestine, St. Melania followed and supported them financially. The governor had her briefly imprisoned, but released her when he realized her social status. She built a convent in Jerusalem, and a monastery on the Mount of Olives for the monk and theologian Rufinus of Aquileia.

paragraph: Because of her involvement as a pro-Origenist in the controversy over Origen in the 390s, Jerome was especially vitriolic about her, punning on her name and calling her "black in name and black in nature." (He tried to expunge his earlier lavish praises of her from his writings.) Palladius of Galatia described her as "a very learned lady who loved the world".

paragraph: Around the year 400 she left for Rome to see her son, who had married Caeionia Albina, daughter of Caeionius Rufius Albinus. Due to her influence, her granddaughter, known as Melania the Younger would later take up the religious life. She also visited Paulinus of Nola and brought him a relic of the True Cross. Augustine of Hippo wrote Paulinus that his kinswoman was in North Africa when her son, Valerius, died in 406.

paragraph: When the Visigoths marched on Rome in 410, Melania, her daughter-in law, Albina, and granddaughter Melania and her husband fled to Sicily. From there they went to the family estate at Thagaste in North Africa, where they remained for seven years. They then went to Jerusalem, where Malania died around 417.

paragraph: She is regarded as a saint. Her feast day is June 8.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: She was a spiritual mentor to Evagrius of Pontus, later author of the Eastern Orthodox Philokalia; she persuaded him to go to Egypt to join the desert ascetics and carried on a correspondence with him while he was there.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palladius, "Melania the Elder", "The Lausiac History". Chapter XLVI, Medieval Sourcebook, Fordham University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruether, Rosemary. "Mothers of the Church: Ascetic Women in the Late Patristic Age", "Women of Spirit: Female Leadership in the Jewish and Christian Traditions", (Rosemary Ruether and Eleanor McLaughlin, eds.), New York, Simon and Schuster, 1979.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harmless, William S.J., Bibliography re Melania the Elder, Creighton University

description: Holy Land saint

wikidata_label: Melania the Elder

wikipedia_title: Melania the Elder


text:
Knights Templar
Saint-Claude
Jura
Du Cange
Everard des Barres
France
Second Crusade
Baldwin III of Jerusalem
Gaza
Battle of Ascalon
Egypt
William of Tyre
Damascene
André de Montbard

categories: 12th-century French people,1153 deaths,Year of birth unknown,Military personnel killed in action,Grand Masters of the Knights Templar

paragraph: Bernard de Tremelay

paragraph: Bernard de Tramelay (died 16 August 1153) was the fourth Grand Master of the Knights Templar.

paragraph: He was born in the castle of Tramelay near Saint-Claude in the Jura. According to Du Cange, he succeeded a certain Hugues as Master of the Temple, although this Hugues is otherwise unknown. He was elected Grand Master in June 1151, after the abdication of Everard des Barres, who had returned to France following the Second Crusade. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem granted him the ruined city of Gaza, which Bernard rebuilt for the Templars.

paragraph: In 1153 the Templars participated in the Battle of Ascalon, a fortress at that time controlled by Egypt. The Templars constructed a siege tower, which was burned down by the Egyptian soldiers inside Ascalon. The wind caught the flames and part of the walls of Ascalon burned down as well.

paragraph: According to William of Tyre, knights of the Order rushed through the breach without Baldwin's knowledge while Bernard prevented other crusaders from following, as he did not want to share the spoils of the city with the king. Bernard and about forty of his Templars were killed by the larger Egyptian garrison. Their bodies were displayed on the ramparts and their heads were sent to the sultan. Other more modern accounts say that William of Tyre's version may have been distorted, since it may have been based on the defensive accounts given by the army's commanders as to why they did not follow the Templars into the breach.

paragraph: In yet another differing account by a Damascene chronicler in the city, the breach of the wall is mentioned as a precursor to the fall of the city; he makes no mention of the incident with the Templars.

paragraph: Regardless of which account is believed, Bernard was killed and beheaded during the fighting.

paragraph: A few days later, Baldwin captured the fortress; shortly thereafter, the Templars elected André de Montbard as their Grand Master.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Ascalon:

wikidata_label: Bernard de Tremelay

wikipedia_title: Bernard de Tremelay


text:
Knights Templar
Hochadel
Burgundy
Bernard of Clairvaux
Palestine
seneschal
Bernard de Tremelay
Jerusalem
Bertrand de Blanchefort

wikipedia_title:
Knights Templar
German nobility
Burgundy
Bernard of Clairvaux
Palestine (region)
Seneschal
Bernard de Tremelay
Jerusalem
Bertrand de Blanchefort

categories: 1090s births,1156 deaths,12th-century French people,Grand Masters of the Knights Templar

paragraph: André de Montbard

paragraph: André de Montbard (5 November c. 1097 – 17 January 1156) was the fifth Grand Master of the Knights Templar and also one of the founders of the Order.

paragraph: The Montbard family came from Hochadel in Burgundy, and André was an uncle of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, being a half-brother of Bernard's mother Aleth de Montbard.

paragraph: She had married Tescelin Sorus, a knight, the father of Bernard.

paragraph: He entered the Order in 1129 and went to Palestine, where he quickly rose to the rank of seneschal, deputy and second-in-command to the Grand Master. After the Siege of Ascalon on 22 August 1153, André was elected Grand Master to replace Bernard de Tremelay, who had been killed during an assault on the city on 16 August.

paragraph: He died on 17 January 1156, in Jerusalem and was succeeded by Bertrand de Blanchefort.

description: Grand Master of the Knights Templar

wikidata_label: André de Montbard

wikipedia_title: André de Montbard


text:
American
Hudson River School
Philadelphia
landscape
Pennsylvania
New York
New England
Hudson River
National Academy of Design
Boston
New York
List of Hudson River School artists
University of Delaware
National Gallery of Art
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
American Art Review

wikipedia_title:
United States
Hudson River School
Philadelphia
Landscape painting
Pennsylvania
New York (state)
New England
Hudson River
National Academy of Design
Boston
New York City
List of Hudson River School artists
University of Delaware
National Gallery of Art
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
American Art Review

categories: 1793 births,American landscape painters,Schuylkill River,American male painters,Hudson River School painters,1856 deaths,19th-century American painters

paragraph: Thomas Doughty (artist)

paragraph: Thomas Doughty (July 19, 1793 – July 22, 1856) was an American artist associated with the Hudson River School.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Philadelphia, Thomas Doughty was the first American artist to work exclusively as a landscapist and was successful both for his skill and the fact that Americans were turning their interest to landscape. He was known for his quiet, often atmospheric landscapes of the rivers and mountains of Pennsylvania, New York, New England, and especially the Hudson River Valley. He taught himself how to paint while apprenticing for a leather manufacturer. In 1827 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician.

paragraph: He worked mostly in Philadelphia, but also lived and worked in Boston and New York.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Hudson River School artists

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goodyear, Frank, Jr. "Life and Art of Thomas Doughty." Master's thesis, University of Delaware, 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Paintings and Sculpture: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walker, John Alan. "Thomas Doughty: Chronology and Checklist." "Fine Art Source Material Newsletter" 1 (January 1971): 5, no. 41.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goodyear, Frank, Jr. Thomas Doughty 1793-1856: An American Pioneer in Landscape Painting. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia; Philadelphia, 1973: 17, 26, no.28.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howat, John K. "The Thomas Doughty Exhibition." "American Art Review" 1 (January–February 1974):

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An exhibition catalog available as a full-text PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries

alias:
thos. doughty
doughty thos
Doughty

description: American artist and lithographer

wikidata_label: Thomas Doughty

wikipedia_title: Thomas Doughty (artist)


text:
Knights Templar
Baldwin III of Jerusalem
Nur ad-Din Zangi
Baldwin
Banyas
Aleppo
Byzantine emperor
Manuel I Comnenus
Amalric I

wikipedia_title:
Knights Templar
Baldwin III of Jerusalem
Nur ad-Din (died 1174)
Baldwin III of Jerusalem
Baniyas
Aleppo
List of Byzantine emperors
Manuel I Komnenos
Amalric of Jerusalem

categories: 1169 deaths,12th-century French people,Grand Masters of the Knights Templar

paragraph: Bertrand de Blanchefort

paragraph: Bertrand de Blanchefort (or Blanquefort), (c. 1109 – 13 January 1169) was the sixth Grand Master of the Knights Templar, from 1156 until his death in 1169. He is known as a great reformer of the order.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He was born around 1109, although no exact date is recorded. The Obituary at Reims gives his death as 2 January 1169. He was the youngest of a family of boys, the children of Lord Godfrey de Blanchefort of Guyenne. He trained in combat from a young age, but during his time as Grand Master, placed more emphasis on reform and negotiation. This helped to foster the Templars image as guardians, not brutes.

paragraph: Section::::Military record.

paragraph: His earliest action as Grand Master was with Baldwin III of Jerusalem, with whom he fought against Nur ad-Din Zangi. However, he was taken prisoner after King Baldwin was defeated at Banyas in 1157. The defeat allowed an ambush to be set for Blanchefort, who had dismissed his Frankish soldiers after battle ceased. He was held in captivity for three years in Aleppo before being released to Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus when the emperor made peace with Nur ad-Din.

paragraph: Bertrand accompanied King Amalric I during the expedition against Egypt in 1163. The expedition ended in failure, despite the considerable numbers the Christians could draw upon. Bertrand refused to participate in a second expedition in 1168, as heavy losses were almost certain.

paragraph: Section::::Reform.

paragraph: Blanchefort petitioned the Pope to use the title, "Master by Grace of God", which fitted the Templar's position as rising stars in the church, a favor which Rome gladly granted. His internal reforms were more important however. He wrote the "Retraits", which established structure within the order. This meant knights had clearer roles and protocols. He also established checks within the leaderships of the order, which stopped future Grand Masters deciding the direction of the Templars, without the backing of the knights.

paragraph: His work on creating negotiating roles within the order is also worth noting. After the failed expedition to Egypt, it was the Templars that helped draw up a peace treaty.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: From the 1960s onwards it has erroneously been asserted that Bertrand de Blanchefort was related to a family of the same name located near Rennes-le-Château This erroneous assertion was first discredited in France in 1984.

description: Grand Master of the Knights Templar

wikidata_label: Bertrand de Blanchefort

wikipedia_title: Bertrand de Blanchefort


text: Serbia

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: poet

text: goalkeeper

text: Yugoslav

text: rock band

text: Riblja Čorba

text: Čačak

text: machinist

text: Serbian

text: Ermine

text: bass guitar

text: Zagreb

text: rhythm guitar

text: Suncokret

text: Belgrade

text: Jesus Christ Superstar

text: rock opera

text: apostle

text: play

text: acoustic rock

text: radio shows

text: Radio Belgrade

text: Sivac

text: Džuboks

text: Beograd 202

text: Studio B

text: Suncokret

text: folk rock

text: humorous

text: disk jockey

text: Zoran Modli

text: Lutka sa naslovne strane

text: Đorđe Balašević

text: Bilja Krstić

text: Rani Mraz

text: Dom omladine

text: Kost u grlu

text: People's Liberation War

text: socialist realism

text: Split

text: hard rock

text: Riblja Čorba

text: Miša Aleksić

text: Rajko Kojić

text: Vicko Milatović

text: Kost u grlu

text: alcoholism

text: unplugged

text: Arsen Dedić

text: Terazije Theatre

text: bootleg album

text: Bora priča gluposti

text: poetry evening

text: Njihovi dani

text: Milošević

text: Bijelo Dugme

text: Balkan

text: Kerber

text: Zoran Predin

text: Arsen Dedić

text: Rambo Amadeus

text: Dejan Cukić

text: Vlada i Bajka

text: Paket aranžman

text: Zdravko Čolić

text: Bisera Veletanlić

text: Generacija 5

text: Đorđe Marjanović

text: Neda Ukraden

text: Rajko Kojić

text: Dušan Prelević

text: Oliver Mandić

text: Šaban Šaulić

text: Poslednja Igra Leptira

text: Viktorija

text: Željko Bebek

text: Lepa Brena

text: Ceca Ražnatović

text: Zana

text: Prljavi Inspektor Blaža i Kljunovi

text: Baja Mali Knindža

text: Nedeljko Bajić Baja

text: Hey, Slavs

text: Association of Writers of Serbia

text: Serbian nationalism

text: Slobodan Milošević

text: Democratic Party of Serbia

text: Greek

text: Arab

text: embassies

text: Zaire

text: Jugoton

text: Istina

text: PGP-RTB

text: Treći srpski ustanak

text: Sava Centar

text: Bar

text: Yugoslav Wars

text: Republika Srpska

text: Republika Srpska Krajina

text: Jura Stublić

text: Knin

text: Slobodan Milošević

text: Zbogom, Srbijo

text: Ostalo je ćutanje

text: Nojeva barka

text: Njihovi dani

text: Treći srpski ustanak

text: Serbian Uprising

text: Dragan Kojadinović

text: United States

text: Slovenia

text: Kost u grlu

text: Pokvarena mašta i prljave strasti

text: Mrtva priroda

text: Buvlja pijaca

text: Istina

text: Osmi nervni slom

text: Ujed za dušu

text: Priča o ljubavi obično ugnjavi

text: Koza nostra

text: Labudova pesma

text: Zbogom, Srbijo

text: Ostalo je ćutanje

text: Treći srpski ustanak

text: Nojeva barka

text: Pišanje uz vetar

text: Ovde

text: Minut sa njom

text: Uzbuna!

text: Njihovi dani

text: Arsen Dedić

text: Bora priča gluposti

wikipedia_title: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

categories: Yugoslav musicians,Serbian heavy metal musicians,Serbian baritones,Serbian male singers,Serbian poets,1952 births,Serbian rock singers,Democratic Party of Serbia politicians,Serbian songwriters,Eastern Orthodox Christians from Serbia,Living people

paragraph: Bora Đorđević

paragraph: Borisav "Bora" Đorđević (), also known as Bora Čorba (Serbian Cyrillic: Бора Чорба), is a Serbian singer, songwriter, poet and goalkeeper. He is best known as the lead singer for the Serbian and Yugoslav rock band Riblja Čorba. Renowned for his brand of poetic lyrics and husky baritone voice, Đorđević is widely considered as one of the top and most influential authors of the Serbian and Yugoslav rock scene.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Čačak years.

paragraph: Đorđević was born in Čačak in 1952 to machinist father Dragoljub and mother Nerandža, professor of Serbian.

paragraph: At age thirteen, he formed his first band, Hermelini (trans. "The Ermines"), with Borko Ilić (lead guitar), Prvoslav Savić (rhythm guitar), and Aca Dimitrijević (drums). Đorđević played bass guitar and the band's sound was influenced by the Zagreb-based Roboti.

paragraph: Two years later Đorđević switched to rhythm guitar and began writing songs. One of his earliest songs, "Moje tuge", was later recorded and included as a track on Suncokret's 1977 album "Moje bube". After Hermelini, Đorđević played with numerous Čačak-based bands: Vesnici Ljubavi, Safiri, Dečaci sa Morave, and Čačanski Plemići. For a time, he was a member of PORS (Poslednji Ostatak Romantičnog Sveta, trans. Last Remnants of Romantic World) with Radomir Mihailović Točak on guitar.

paragraph: Simultaneously, teenage Đorđević, along with his friends, began breaking and entering into apartment units around his hometown Čačak, looking for money and other valuables. Some of the stolen funds obtained this way were used to purchase musical equipment. After three years of committing burglaries, they were arrested and proclaimed juvenile delinquents. Seven days after the court sentence Đorđević was released from custody and consequently got expelled from high school.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Move to Belgrade.

paragraph: Đorđević's parents decided to move the family to Belgrade where he became a student at the Fifth Belgrade Gymnasium. At the time of his matriculation, he auditioned for the local staging of the "Jesus Christ Superstar" rock opera, getting one of the apostle roles. He continued to act, appearing in plays "Purpurno ostrvo", "Tom Pejn" and "Caca u metrou".

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Zajedno.

paragraph: At the beginning of the 1970s, Đorđević formed acoustic rock band Zajedno ("Together") which featured three female vocals, Ivana Kačunković and twin sisters Vukica and Gordana Stefanović and keyboardist Đorđe Petrović. Zajedno members wrote music for the theatre play "Bonton" and often recorded music for radio shows. Their first single with songs "Vizija" and "Goro moja" brought them certain popularity. As a Zajedno member Đorđević was an accessory of Radio Belgrade show "Veče uz radio". He was an author of reports from acoustic music festivals held in Sivac. He also wrote articles about Yugoslav acoustic rock scene for the "Džuboks" magazine and wrote numerous jingles for Beograd 202 and Studio B.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Suncokret.

paragraph: He left Zajedno at the end of 1974. In January 1975 he formed acoustic rock band Suncokret ("Sunflower"). They gained popularity with folk rock-oriented songs and Đorđević's humorous lyrics. Suncokret worked with disk jockey Zoran Modli (whom Đorđević met as a member of Zajedno when Modli produced Zajedno's first single) with whom they released single with songs "Na putu za Stambol" and "Anđelija, čuvaj se Turaka" under the name Hajduk Stanko i Jataci and single with songs "Rock and roll duku duku" and "Gili, gili bluz" under the name Zoran Modli i Suncokret. With Suncokret Đorđević recorded three more singles and album "Moje bube".

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Rani Mraz.

paragraph: Đorđević left Suncokret after the band refused to perform his song "Lutka sa naslovne strane". He accepted Đorđe Balašević's invitation and, with another former Suncokret member, female vocal Bilja Krstić, became a member of Balašević's band Rani Mraz. This was the most famous, but a short-lasting Rani Mraz lineup, and besides Đorđe Balašević, Bora Đorđević and Bilja Krstić featured female vocal Verica Todorović. This lineup held several performances in Dom omladine and Student's Cultural Centre in Belgrade. Đorđević performed songs "Lutka sa naslovne strane", "Mirno spavaj" and "Zvezda potkorvlja i suterena" (all of them will later be recorded on Riblja Čorba's debut album "Kost u grlu") and Balašević entertained the audience with his humorous stories. This Rani Mraz lineup recorded famous song "Računajte na nas", which praised People's Liberation War from a slightly different perspective than habitual socialist realism, and soon became an anthem of Yugoslav youth. This lineup also recorded single with songs "Oprosti mi, Katrin" and "Život je more".

paragraph: Section::::Riblja Čorba.

paragraph: After Rani Mraz performance on Split music festival and only forty-five days spent in the band Đorđević left Rani Mraz. After returning to Belgrade he formed hard rock band Riblja Čorba with SOS members Miša Aleksić, Rajko Kojić and Vicko Milatović. Their debut album "Kost u grlu" saw huge success and the band became very popular in a few months. The band's popularity grew, but it has also started manifesting in Đorđević's alcoholism, which has, together with his provocative social-related lyrics, caused him to become one of the most controversial musicians in Yugoslavia. He has remained a frontman and leader of Riblja Čorba from its formation to today.

paragraph: Section::::Solo projects.

paragraph: Đorđević's unplugged performance with Arsen Dedić in Terazije Theatre in 1987 resulted in a famous bootleg album "Arsen & Bora Čorba Unplugged `87". "Bora priča gluposti", released in 1988 features a recording of his poetry evening. In 1996 he released "Njihovi dani" on which he demonstrated his anti-Milošević attitudes.

paragraph: Section::::Guest appearances and collaborations.

paragraph: Đorđević made a guest appearance on numerous projects. With Minđušari he recorded controversial songs "E, moj druže zagrebački" and "Ljetovanje", released on Minđušari 1993 album "Armija srpska". Other artist he recorded songs with include Bijelo Dugme, Balkan, Kerber, Zoran Predin, Arsen Dedić, Rambo Amadeus, Biljana Krstić, Dejan Cukić, Vlada i Bajka and others. He was also involved in recording of a cult compilation album "Paket aranžman". He wrote songs for Zdravko Čolić, Bisera Veletanlić, Generacija 5, Đorđe Marjanović, Neda Ukraden, Rajko Kojić, Dušan Prelević, Oliver Mandić, Šaban Šaulić, Poslednja Igra Leptira, Denis & Denis, Viktorija, Željko Bebek, Lepa Brena, Ceca Ražnatović, Zana, Prljavi Inspektor Blaža i Kljunovi, Baja Mali Knindža, Nedeljko Bajić Baja and others.

paragraph: Section::::Literary work.

paragraph: Đorđević released his first book of poems "Ravnodušan prema plaču" ("Apathetic towards Crying") in 1985. In 1987 he released his second book of poems "Hej, Sloveni" ("Hey, Slavs") and in 1988 he became a member of the Association of Writers of Serbia (Udruženje književnika Srbije). Đorđević, reputedly, wrote the application on the table napkin. His membership in the Association of Writers of Serbia was not well received by some of the members.

paragraph: Đorđević released eight more books:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prvih deset godina je najteže" ("First Ten Years Are the Hardest"),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neću" ("I Don't Want To")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Psihopata i lopata" ("A Psychopath and a Shovel")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Srbi bez muke" ("Serbs without Trouble")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brebusi"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Šta je pesnik hteo da kaže" ("What has the Poet meant to say")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Debela tragedija" ("Fat Tragedy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pusto ostrvo" ("Deserted island"), Andrić's award, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Politics and controversy.

paragraph: Because of his provocative social and political-related lyrics, his support for Serbian nationalism coupled with his opposition to communism, Slobodan Milošević and the political involvement as the Democratic Party of Serbia member, Đorđević was a subject of many controversies:

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1984, after the release of "Večeras vas zabavljaju muzičari koji piju", the state's censors declared songs "Mangupi vam kvare dete" and "Besni psi" ethically unacceptable. "Besni psi" caused an international scandal. Because of the lyrics "Grčki šverceri, arapski studenti, negativni elementi, maloletni delikventi i besni psi" (""Greek smugglers, Arabian students, negative elements, juvenile delinquents and mad dogs""), the embassies of three Arabian countries and Zaire protested, complaining that Bora Đorđević had equated foreign students and mad dogs. The Yugoslav Ministry of culture ordered an analysis of the song by the experts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1985, record label Jugoton refused to publish four songs on Riblja Čorba's album "Istina", thus prompting the band's re-signing with PGP-RTB, which refused to record only one song, "Snage opozicije" ("Opposition Forces"), which was not officially published until the issue of the compilation album "Treći srpski ustanak" in 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1987, Đorđević was indicted for "disturbing the public" when he read his poems in Sava Centar, however the charges were dropped because he was reading poems already published in his books and in various magazines.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1988, after reading his poems in Bar, he was indicted for "insulting the working people of Yugoslavia", but these charges were also dropped.

paragraph: BULLET::::- After the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars, Đorđević became an active supporter of the Serbian troops in Republika Srpska and Republika Srpska Krajina which he demonstrated by recording controversial songs "E moj druže zagrebački" (which was recorded as a response to Jura Stublić's song "E moj druže beogradski") and "Ljetovanje" with band Minđušari from Knin, but he was also strongly opposed to then-Serbian president Slobodan Milošević and his administration as he demonstrated his attitude by writing a number of anti-government songs released on Riblja Čorba albums "Zbogom, Srbijo", "Ostalo je ćutanje" and "Nojeva barka" and by publishing "Njihovi dani" in his own name rather than that of his band in 1996. In 1997, Riblja Čorba issued a compilation album "Treći srpski ustanak" (trans. "Third Serbian Uprising"), which features a selection of Riblja Čorba's political songs recorded and released between 1981 and 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- After the political changes in Serbia, he became the Deputy to Dragan Kojadinović, Minister of Culture in Serbian Government in 2004. However, Đorđević was forced to resign from the position the next year, after accusing the journalists of the television station B92 of treason and holding anti-Serbian politics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- During Riblja Čorba concert in Joe’s Live in Rosemont Illinois, Bora stood up to Aleksandar Vučić. But on the April 19th 2019. Riblja Čorba has supported current president of Serbia, Aleksandar Vučič. This is the first time Bora has supported the government of Serbia. People in Serbia and other countries were very disappointed by this act.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He was married to Dragana Đorđević until they were divorced on 12 February 2007; they have two children. Soon afterwards, on 23 March 2007, Dragana committed suicide by mixing alcohol and drugs.

paragraph: He remarried in 2009, this time to his twenty-eight years younger girlfriend Aleksandra. They had met in 2007 while Đorđević was on tour with Riblja Čorba in the United States.

paragraph: During 2014, it was reported that the pair are splitting after four and a half years of marriage. This was confirmed by Đorđević in April, several days after finalizing their divorce. He also confirmed speculations that he now has a new girlfriend, from Slovenia. Later, in May 2016, he married her. Her name is Dubravka, and he said that she is his last wife. In November 2017, they had an argument, but after a month, it was settled down. Now, they are again in love.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Zajedno.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Zajedno.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vizija" / "Goro moja" (1974)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Suncokret.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Suncokret.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moje bube" (1977)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Suncokret.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kara Mustafa" / "Moje tuge" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gde ćeš biti, lepa Kejo" / Pusto more, pusti vali" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rock 'n' Roll duku duku" / Gili gili blues" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oj, nevene" / "Tekla voda" (1976)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Rani Mraz.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Rani Mraz.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Računajte na nas" / "Strašan žulj" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oprosti mi Katrin" / "Život je more" (1978)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Riblja Čorba.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Riblja Čorba.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kost u grlu" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pokvarena mašta i prljave strasti" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mrtva priroda" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Buvlja pijaca" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Večeras vas zabavljaju muzičari koji piju" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Istina" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Osmi nervni slom" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ujed za dušu" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Priča o ljubavi obično ugnjavi" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Koza nostra" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Labudova pesma" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zbogom, Srbijo" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ostalo je ćutanje" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Treći srpski ustanak(1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nojeva barka" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pišanje uz vetar" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ovde" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Minut sa njom" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Uzbuna!" (2012)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Njihovi dani" (1996)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.:Live albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arsen & Bora Čorba Unplugged `87" (with Arsen Dedić, 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bora priča gluposti" (1988)

description: Serbian singer

wikidata_label: Bora Đorđević

wikipedia_title: Bora Đorđević


text:
Paris
Missouri
farm
preparatory school
William Woods College
University of Missouri
journalism
Kappa Alpha Theta
Cleveland
"Press"
New York
"Evening Mail"
The Saturday Evening Post
Cosmopolitan
Good Housekeeping
WOR
women's page
Newspaper Enterprise Association
CBS radio network
NBC
ABC
New York Herald Tribune
World War II
African American
'Mary Margaret McBride'
prime time
Variety
The New York Times
Associated Press
media market
upstate New York
West Shokan, New York
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Bob and Ray
I Love Lucy
Lucille Ball
Vivian Vance
Lisa Sergio
Paul Whiteman
Mike Wallace

wikipedia_title:
Paris, Missouri
Missouri
Farm
College-preparatory school
William Woods University
University of Missouri
Journalism
Kappa Alpha Theta
Cleveland
Cleveland Press
New York City
New York Evening Mail
The Saturday Evening Post
Cosmopolitan (magazine)
Good Housekeeping
WOR (AM)
Women's page
Newspaper Enterprise Association
CBS
NBC
American Broadcasting Company
New York Herald Tribune
World War II
African Americans
Rosa 'Mary Margaret McBride'
Prime time
Variety (magazine)
The New York Times
Associated Press
Media market
Upstate New York
Shokan, New York
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Bob and Ray
I Love Lucy
Lucille Ball
Vivian Vance
Lisa Sergio
Paul Whiteman
Mike Wallace

categories: American women writers,1899 births,American talk radio hosts,1976 deaths,Women radio presenters

paragraph: Mary Margaret McBride

paragraph: Mary Margaret McBride (November 16, 1899 – April 7, 1976) was an American radio interview host and writer. Her popular radio shows spanned more than 40 years. In the 1940s the daily audience for her housewife-oriented program numbered from six to eight million listeners. She was called "The First Lady of Radio."

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: McBride was born on November 16, 1899 in Paris, Missouri, to a farming family. Their frequent relocations disorganized her early schooling, but at the age of six she became a student at a preparatory school called William Woods College, and at 16 the University of Missouri, receiving a degree in journalism there in 1919. She was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta at the University of Missouri.

paragraph: She worked a year as a reporter at the Cleveland "Press", and then until 1924 at the New York "Evening Mail". Following this, she wrote freelance for periodicals including "The Saturday Evening Post", "Cosmopolitan", "Good Housekeeping", and starting in 1926 collaborated in writing travel-oriented books.

paragraph: Section::::Radio and sidelines.

paragraph: Section::::Radio and sidelines.:As Martha Deane.

paragraph: McBride first worked steadily in radio for WOR in New York City, starting in 1934. This daily women's-advice show, with her persona as "Martha Deane", a kind and witty grandmother figure with a Missouri-drawl, aired daily until 1940.

paragraph: Originally, McBride's character "Martha Deane" was to be a grandmother with six children and many grandchildren-all imaginary. They were all named and described; she was to memorize the details. Her job was to talk colloquially and dispense philosophy. She kept getting all her "grandchildren's" names mixed up and within three weeks she jettisoned the whole tribe on air. She remained Martha Deane, but was no longer a grandmother.

paragraph: Concurrently with working as "Deane", in 1934 and 1935, she was the women's page editor for the Newspaper Enterprise Association syndicate.

paragraph: Section::::Radio and sidelines.:As herself.

paragraph: In 1937, she launched on the CBS radio network the first of a series of similar and successful shows, now as Mary Margaret McBride. She had to abandon the Deane persona because WOR owned the name.

paragraph: She interviewed figures well known in the world of arts and entertainment, and politics, with a style recognized as original to herself. She accepted advertising only for products she was prepared to endorse from her own experience, and turned down all tobacco or alcohol products.

paragraph: She followed this format in regular broadcasts on

paragraph: BULLET::::- CBS until 1941

paragraph: BULLET::::- NBC (where her audience numbered in the millions) from then until 1950

paragraph: BULLET::::- ABC from then until 1954

paragraph: BULLET::::- NBC again until 1960, and

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "New York Herald Tribune"'s radio broadcasts with a wider audience via syndication.

paragraph: Her NBC show in the 1940s had broad range of guests, from politicians to generals to movie stars; she never announced her guests in advance, so the audience tuned in with no idea what they would get. Beginning during World War II, she began "breaking the color line", mixing in African American guests. McBride was a popular media figure; the tea rose, 'Mary Margaret McBride' was named for her.

paragraph: In September 1948, NBC brought McBride to television for a 30-minute prime time show on Tuesdays at 9pm EST. However, NBC abandoned the show in its partial third month, with "Variety" describing the attempt sarcastically, and "The New York Times" calling her the first major "fatality" of this kind.

paragraph: Below is a review of one of her first television performances, reviewed by "The New York Times":

paragraph: From 1953 to 1956 she also conducted a syndicated newspaper column for the Associated Press.

paragraph: About 20 years apart, she wrote two books for girls, each with "Elizabeth" in the title.

paragraph: As time went on, she appeared in smaller radio media markets, in upstate New York, and toward the end of her life hosted "Your Hudson Valley Neighbor" three times a week on WGHQ Kingston, NY from the living room of her home. Her longtime companion and business partner, Stella Karn, died in 1957.

paragraph: She died at the age of 76 on April 7, 1976 at her home in West Shokan, New York. McBride's ashes were placed in her former rose garden. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her work in radio.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural impact.

paragraph: An account of her career, "It's One O'clock and Here is Mary Margaret McBride: A Radio Biography" by Susan Ware was published in early 2005. She is also discussed in depth in "Radio Voices" by Michele Hilmes.

paragraph: The character of "Mary McGoon", featured in the comedy routines of Bob and Ray, is a parody of Mary Margaret McBride.

paragraph: The TV host "Molly Margaret McSnide" in Fantastic Four issue 16 is an obvious reference.

paragraph: Her name was spoofed on the classic CBS-TV sitcom "I Love Lucy" in Episode # 79, "The Million Dollar Idea", which aired on January 11, 1954. In that installment, Lucy ("Lucille Ball") comes up with an ambitious idea to make money. She decides to appear on television selling her Aunt Martha's salad dressing. Assisting her on the program is her best friend Ethel Mertz ("Vivian Vance") as "Mary Margaret McMertz."

paragraph: McBride's celebrity was hardly a secret confined to daytime radio listeners, either: her 15th anniversary celebration in 1949 was held in Yankee stadium, the only facility large enough to hold the 75,000 people who filled every seat and formed huge crowds outside. Her magazine show was on the air continuously for 25 years.

paragraph: McBride pioneered a style of ad-libbing her radio shows, meaning that the content in her show was not rehearsed prior to going on the air. She was acknowledged by "Current Biography" as "the first woman to bring newspaper technique to radio interviewing and to make daytime broadcasts profitable." The method of sustaining her show was also distinct. McBride and manager Stella Karn would produce their show and then market it directly to sponsors in the New York area or broader national arena. This format allowed McBride and Karn to have complete agency over the content and format of the show. The two were consistently able to maintain a level of support from sponsors, meaning that they were able to produce content that was exactly how they envisioned it, free of outside changes. This model was also one of McBride's notable contributions to broadcasting, as it paved the way for independent producing.

paragraph: Section::::Personal relationship.

paragraph: Mary Margaret McBride and Stella Karn met in the early 1920’s in an instance of complete happenstance. As McBride describes it as, “One day a bouncy woman, with eager brown eyes and auburn hair rolled into a bun, burst into our office and announced that she would be handling publicity for us.” McBride and Karn worked together for years, with Karn managing McBride and her show. McBride described the two of them in a Reader's Digest edition in 1962 as, "No two people were more unlike. My reaction to a crisis was to dissolve into tears; Stella's was to charge into battle." The two moved in together in a small apartment in the Chelsea neighborhood of New York City. McBride and Karn relied on each other for the entirety of their professional and personal lives.

paragraph: McBride describes their first endeavor as a complete gamble motivated solely by Karn's optimism. During the Great Depression, the opportunity came for McBride to audition for a radio show, one of the only sources of entertainment at the time. When McBride got the job, she immediately recommended Karn as the person to handle the business side of the show's affairs. Karn and McBride became business partners, and Karn's first act on the job was to give her partner a raise.

paragraph: McBride and Karn made a name for themselves as pioneers in the field of broadcasting, and also as trailblazers for the future of lesbian and bisexual journalists. McBride and Karn established their show as a connection point for lesbian and bisexual female creatives, forging friendships with influential names in broadcasting such as Ann Batchelder and Lisa Sergio.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jazz" (with Paul Whiteman), 1926

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charm" (with Alexander Williams), 1927

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paris Is a Woman's Town" (with Helen Josephy), 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "London Is a Man's Town [But Women Go There]" (with Josephy), 1930

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New York Is Everybody's Town" (with Josephy), 1931

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beer and Skittles: A Friendly Guide to Modern Germany" (with Josephy), 1932

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tune in for Elizabeth", 1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mary Margaret McBride's Harvest of American Cooking", 1957

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Growing Up of Mary Elizabeth", 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two autobiographical works

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susan Ware. "It's One O'Clock and Here Is Mary Margaret McBride: A Radio Biography" (New York University Press, 2005). xii + 304 pp. online review

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Margaret McBride interviewed by Mike Wallace on "The Mike Wallace Interview" June 16, 1957

description: American writer and radio host

wikidata_label: Mary Margaret McBride

wikipedia_title: Mary Margaret McBride


text:
World War I
Geneseo, Illinois
General Federation of Women's Clubs
patent attorney
inventor
Hackensack, New Jersey

wikipedia_title:
World War I
Geneseo, Illinois
General Federation of Women's Clubs
Patent attorney
Inventor
Hackensack, New Jersey

categories: 1864 births,American filmmakers,1950 deaths

paragraph: Edith Dunham Foster

paragraph: Edith Dunham Foster (March 21, 1864 – May 8, 1950) was an American educational filmmaker who served as the editor of the Motion Picture Community Bureau, which furnished nearly all of the films seen by American armed forces during World War I.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Edith Dunham was born on March 21, 1864, in Geneseo, Illinois. She married William Horton Foster on May 20, 1885 in Geneseo.

paragraph: Foster, who became interested in cinema through her involvement with the General Federation of Women's Clubs, worked as an editor and programmer for the Motion Picture Community Bureau. Her son Warren Dunham Foster was the Bureau's president. During World War I, the Bureau supplied the YMCA War Work Council and the Committee on Training Camp Activities with nine million feet of film a week used in the United States and two million feet of film a week used abroad. The films were watched by soldiers from the United States and its allies worldwide. Foster oversaw the development of a projecting machine that put pictures on the ceiling so that injured soldiers could watch films from their hospital cots. After the war Foster continued working with her son, a patent attorney and an inventor, on the production of educational films and the invention of motion picture apparatus.

paragraph: Foster co-created the "Educational Film Catalog" with Ruth Ellen Gould Dolese.

paragraph: Foster died on May 8, 1950, in Hackensack, New Jersey.

description: American filmmaker

wikidata_label: Edith Dunham Foster

wikipedia_title: Edith Dunham Foster