text: ice hockey

text: goaltender

text: ERC Ingolstadt

text: Deutsche Eishockey Liga

text: San Jose Sharks

text: 2007 NHL Entry Draft

text: Deutsche Nachwuchs-Liga

text: St. John's Fog Devils

text: Quebec Major Junior Hockey League

text: Shawinigan Cataractes

text: German national junior team

text: 2006 IIHF World U18 Championships

text: 2008 World Junior

text: San Jose Sharks

text: 2007 NHL Entry Draft

text: Anaheim Ducks

text: Bakersfield Condors

text: ECHL

text: 2009–10 season

text: goals against average

text: Syracuse Crunch

text: American Hockey League

text: 2009–10 season

text: Kurtis Foster

text: New Jersey Devils

text: Mark Fraser

text: Rod Pelley

text: Landshut Cannibals

text: German

text: 2018 Winter Olympics

text: Pyeongchang

text: South Korea

text: 2018 IIHF World Championship

categories: Syracuse Crunch players,Olympic medalists in ice hockey,St. John's Fog Devils players,Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics,EV Landshut players,Shawinigan Cataractes players,German expatriate sportspeople in the United States,ERC Ingolstadt players,Elmira Jackals (ECHL) players,German ice hockey players,Bakersfield Condors (1998–2015) players,Albany Devils players,Olympic ice hockey players of Germany,Ice hockey players at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Living people,Olympic silver medalists for Germany,1989 births,San Jose Sharks draft picks,Anaheim Ducks players

paragraph: Timo Pielmeier

paragraph: Timo Pielmeier (born July 7, 1989) is a German professional ice hockey goaltender, currently playing with ERC Ingolstadt of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He was a third-round selection of the San Jose Sharks in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft prior to being traded to the Ducks.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Pielmeier first played junior hockey in his native Germany, leading the Cologne EC Junior Sharks to the Deutsche Nachwuchs-Liga in 2006–07. He moved to North America the following season, joining the St. John's Fog Devils of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) for a season before moving to the Shawinigan Cataractes in 2008–09 where he led the team to the QMJHL final.

paragraph: He has played with the German national junior team on several occasions. He first played in the 2006 IIHF World U18 Championships, and the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. Playing in the Division 1A pool at the 2008 World Junior, Pielmeier was named the tournament's top goaltender, as Germany won the title, earning promotion back to the A pool for 2009.

paragraph: Pielmeier was selected by the San Jose Sharks in the third round, 83rd overall at the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, but was traded to the Anaheim Ducks organization in 2009. He turned professional in 2009, starting with the Bakersfield Condors of the ECHL. He scored a goal for the Condors during the 2009–10 season, becoming the 10th goaltender in ECHL history to do so. He finished the season fifth amongst rookie goaltenders in goals against average and appeared in the 2010 ECHL All-Star Game. Pielmeier was promoted to the Syracuse Crunch of the American Hockey League for the 2009–10 season. Pielmeier was recalled by the Ducks on January 22, 2011 . He was traded along with defenceman Kurtis Foster, on December 12, 2011, to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for defenceman Mark Fraser and forward Rod Pelley.

paragraph: On February 8, 2013, whilst impressing with the Landshut Cannibals, Pielmeier was signed by ERC Ingolstadt for the 2013–14 season in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.

paragraph: Section::::International play.

paragraph: He earned his first cap with the German men’s national team in December 2013.

paragraph: Pielmeier was nominated to be Team Germany's backup goalie during the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. He appeared in 1 game in the tournament as Germany captured the Silver medal. He also represented Germany at the 2018 IIHF World Championship.

description: German ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Timo Pielmeier

wikipedia_title: Timo Pielmeier


text:
footballer
East German top-flight
East German national team

categories: German footballers,East Germany international footballers,DDR-Oberliga players,Sportspeople from Dresden,East German footballers,1933 births,Living people,1. FC Frankfurt players,1. FC Union Berlin players,Association football forwards,Footballers from Saxony

paragraph: Günther Wirth

paragraph: Günther Wirth (born January 9, 1933) is a German former footballer.

paragraph: He made 254 East German top-flight appearances (64 goals).

paragraph: Günther Wirth played 28 matches with 11 goals for the East German national team.

description: German footballer

wikidata_label: Günther Wirth

wikipedia_title: Günther Wirth


text:
actor
theatre director
Trondheim
Marit Olaug Østbye
Det Norske Teatret
Trøndelag Teater
Rogaland Teater

categories: People from Trondheim,Norwegian theatre directors,Norwegian theatre managers and producers,Norwegian male stage actors,1939 births,Living people

paragraph: Ola B. Johannessen

paragraph: Ola Bjørnssønn Johannessen (born 17 May 1939) is a Norwegian actor, stage producer and theatre director.

paragraph: He was born in Trondheim to Bjørn Elness Johannessen and Aasta Barbara Sivertsen, and married actress Marit Olaug Østbye in 1974. He made his stage debut at Det Norske Teatret in 1961, and worked at this theatre from 1962 to 1970. He served as theatre director at Trøndelag Teater from 1979 to 1984, at Rogaland Teater from 1994 to 1997, and again at Trøndelag Teater from 1997 to 2000.

description: Norwegian actor

wikidata_label: Ola B. Johannessen

wikipedia_title: Ola B. Johannessen


text:
English
King James I
Sir Edmund Dunch (1551–1623)
Balliol College
Oxford
Gray's Inn
Oliver Cromwell
Wittenham Clumps
Little Wittenham
King James I
Wallingford
Berkshire
Oxfordshire
MP
Samuel Dunch
Edmund
The Berkshire Dunches
Wallingford History Gateway

categories: 1578 births,1611 deaths,16th-century English people,Members of Gray's Inn,Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford,People from Vale of White Horse (district),English MPs 1604–1611,People of the Stuart period,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Sir William Dunch

paragraph: Sir William Dunch (1578–1611) of Brightwell, Berkshire was an English politician during the reign of King James I.

paragraph: He was the son of Sir Edmund Dunch (1551–1623) and graduated from Balliol College, Oxford in 1595 before entering Gray's Inn. He married Mary Cromwell in 1599, the daughter of Sir Henry Cromwell and aunt to Oliver Cromwell. It is believed that the variant name for the rounded hills Wittenham Clumps (Mother Dunch's Buttocks) near the Dunch's family seat at Little Wittenham is associated with her. He was knighted in 1603 by King James I.

paragraph: Dunch represented Wallingford in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) as an MP from 1604 to 1611.

paragraph: William’s brother Samuel Dunch (1593–1666) represented Wallingford in 1620, as did William’s son Edmund (1602–1678).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annells, P. (2006) "The Berkshire Dunches".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hedges, J.K. (1881) "Wallingford History", Wm Clowes, London

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wallingford History Gateway

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Sir William Dunch

wikipedia_title: Sir William Dunch


text: English

text: Berkshire

text: Oxfordshire

text: Auditor

text: Royal Mint

text: Henry VIII

text: Edward IV

text: Wallingford

text: Berkshire

text: Oxfordshire

text: MP

text: High Sheriff of Berkshire

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Little Wittenham

text: Edmund

text: Avebury Manor

text: The Berkshire Dunches

text: Wallingford History Gateway

categories: 1597 deaths,1508 births,English MPs 1563–1567,High Sheriffs of Berkshire,People from Vale of White Horse (district),English judges,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: William Dunch (1508–1597)

paragraph: William Dunch (1508–1597) was an English politician, a local official in the counties of Berkshire and Oxfordshire and Auditor of the Royal Mint for Kings Henry VIII and Edward IV.

paragraph: William represented Wallingford in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) as an MP (1563). He was High Sheriff of Berkshire (1570–1571) and also Justice of the Peace for Berkshire (1559–1577). William bought the manor of Little Wittenham in 1552 from Edmund Peckham, which became the family seat. He married Mary Barnes in 1547. He was briefly imprisoned for unknown reasons in 1549. His eldest son, Edmund, was also an MP for Wallingford. His second son, Walter, lived at Avebury Manor, which William purchased for him.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wallingford History Gateway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Berkshire History: William Dunch (1508-1597)

description: English politician and judge

wikidata_label: William Dunch

wikipedia_title: William Dunch (1508–1597)


text:
Argentinian
clergyman
Roman Catholic
Archbishop
Paraná
Buenos Aires
Argentina
Pope John Paul II
titular bishop
Turuzi
auxiliary bishop
Mar del Plata
Pope Benedict XVI

categories: 1949 births,Argentine Roman Catholic archbishops,Living people,People from Buenos Aires

paragraph: Juan Alberto Puiggari

paragraph: Juan Alberto Puiggari (born 21 November 1949) is an Argentinian clergyman. He has been the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Paraná since 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Puiggari was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He was ordained as a priest on 13 November 1976. On 20 February 1998, Pope John Paul II appointed him as titular bishop of Turuzi and auxiliary bishop of Paraná. Later, on 7 June 2003, Pope John Paul II appointed him as Bishop of Mar del Plata. He received his current appointment as Archbishop of Paraná by Pope Benedict XVI on 4 November 2010.

description: Argentine bishop

wikidata_label: Juan Alberto Puiggari

wikipedia_title: Juan Alberto Puiggari


text:
Australian rules football
Brisbane Lions
Australian Football League
Bendigo Pioneers
TAC Cup
2014 AFL Under 18 Championships
Catholic College Bendigo
2015 AFL rookie draft
the Gabba
2015
2016

categories: Brisbane Lions players,1996 births,Bendigo Pioneers players,Living people

paragraph: Billy Evans (Australian footballer)

paragraph: Billy Evans (born 19 October 1996) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL).

paragraph: Evans played for the Bendigo Pioneers in the TAC Cup and represented Victoria Country at the 2014 AFL Under 18 Championships. He attended Catholic College Bendigo.

paragraph: Evans was drafted by the Brisbane Lions with their first selection and the fourth overall in the 2015 AFL rookie draft. He made his debut in the fourteen point loss against in round 19, 2015 at the Gabba. After seven matches with Brisbane, He was delisted at the conclusion of the 2016 season.

paragraph: Section::::Statistics.

paragraph: ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015

paragraph: ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016

paragraph: ! colspan=3| Career

paragraph: ! 7

paragraph: ! 1

paragraph: ! 2

paragraph: ! 23

paragraph: ! 54

paragraph: ! 77

paragraph: ! 13

paragraph: ! 22

paragraph: ! 0.1

paragraph: ! 0.3

paragraph: ! 3.3

paragraph: ! 7.7

paragraph: ! 11.0

paragraph: ! 1.9

paragraph: ! 3.1

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Billy Evans

wikipedia_title: Billy Evans (Australian footballer)


text:
Romania
Bucharest
Great Voivode Mihai High School
Bucharest University
Ion Antonescu
George Ivașcu
N. D. Cocea
National Theater Craiova
Viața Românească
Revista Fundațiilor Regale
România Liberă
communist regime
Flacăra
Cluj
Miron Radu Paraschivescu
Bicaz
Luceafărul
PEN Club
Contemporanul
letters to the editor
Petru Comarnescu
Editura Fundațiilor Regale
Rafael Alberti
Eduardas Mieželaitis
Romain Gary
Irving Stone
Curzio Malaparte
Romanian Revolution
Romanian Academy
Charles Baudelaire
Les Fleurs du mal
Romanian Writers' Union

categories: Romanian male poets,Romanian magazine editors,Romanian translators,Romanian newspaper editors,1920 births,Romanian anthologists,20th-century Romanian poets,Romanian magazine founders,2004 deaths,Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy,People from Bucharest,Romanian theatre managers and producers

paragraph: Geo Dumitrescu

paragraph: Geo Dumitrescu (born Gheorghe Dumitrescu; May 17, 1920 – September 28, 2004) was a Romanian poet and translator.

paragraph: Born in Bucharest, his parents were Vasile Oprea (who changed his name to Vasile Dumitrescu), a craftsman and owner of a small shoe store and workshop, and his wife Aurelia ("née" Buiculescu). From 1930 to 1939, he attended Great Voivode Mihai High School in his native city. From 1939 to 1944, he studied at the literature and philosophy faculty of Bucharest University, but did not take his graduating examination. He made his debut in December 1939, with the poem "Cântec", which appeared in "Cadran" magazine under the pen name Vladimir Ierunca; from 1939 to 1940, he formed part of the circle surrounding the magazine. He started and led "Albatros" magazine in 1941, and headed a literary group under its name from 1941 to 1943. He also headed "Gândul nostru" magazine in 1942, but this was shut down by the censors of the Ion Antonescu regime, as was "Albatros". His first small book of poetry, "Aritmetică", appeared in the pages of the latter magazine in 1941, under the pen name Felix Anadam. He was an editor at "Timpul" newspaper from 1942 to 1944, at the George Ivașcu-led "Vremea", and from 1944 to 1950, at N. D. Cocea's "Victoria". He also worked as director of the National Theater Craiova. Publications that ran his work include "Prepoem", "Tribuna tineretului", "Curentul literar", "Viața Românească", "Revista Fundațiilor Regale", "Veac nou", "Scânteia tineretului", "Tinerețea", "Orizont", "Tribuna poporului", "Meridian" and "România Liberă".

paragraph: Under the early communist regime, he was editor and then assistant editor-in-chief of "Flacăra" magazine from 1947 to 1950; he then headed the Cluj-based "Almanahul literar" from 1950 to 1952, replacing Miron Radu Paraschivescu. From 1952 to 1953, he edited the Bicaz "Zorile socialismului", a newspaper for construction workers; between 1953 and 1954, he held a similar position at "Iașul nou". From 1954 to 1963, he contributed to "Urzica" and to "Luceafărul", while at Editura Cartea Rusă, he translated Soviet lyric poetry and helped put together lyric anthologies. From 1958 to 1959, he returned to writing poetry. In 1967, he was named editor-in-chief of "Gazeta literară", while from 1968 to 1970, he coordinated the first editions of "România literară". In 1966, he became secretary of Romania's PEN Club. During the late 1960s, he submitted work for "Contemporanul", "Gazeta literară", "Luceafărul", "România literară", "Steaua", "Tribuna" and "Viața Românească", and managed a celebrated letters to the editor section that appeared in the first four, as well as in "Flacăra".

paragraph: His second book, "Libertatea de a trage cu pușca", appeared thanks to Petru Comarnescu in 1946, although it had been submitted to Editura Prometeu under the title "Pelagra" in 1943; it was awarded the prize for young writers from Editura Fundațiilor Regale. His following books appeared at substantial intervals: "Aventuri lirice" (1963), "Nevoia de cercuri" (1966); his "Jurnal de campanie" (1974), "Africa de sub frunte" (1978) and "Versuri" (1981) are weighty anthologies of his prior work. On the other hand, he was a prolific translator, sometimes in collaboration, of Rafael Alberti, Eduardas Mieželaitis, Romain Gary, Irving Stone and Curzio Malaparte. In 1993, following the Romanian Revolution, he was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy. In 2000, his complete and definitive verse work appeared as "Poezii". In 1967 and 1968, he authored an anthology of Romanian translations of Charles Baudelaire's "Les Fleurs du mal", in two separate versions. He won the Romanian Writers' Union's prize in 1968 and 1999.

description: Romanian poet and translator

wikidata_label: Geo Dumitrescu

wikipedia_title: Geo Dumitrescu


text:
Zakatala
Yerevan
Soviet
Armenian
Yerevan
Tbilisi
Leninakan
People's Artist of the Armenian SSR
People's Artist of the USSR
Pepo
Zangezur
David-Bek
Anahit

categories: 20th-century Armenian male actors,Armenian male stage actors,1987 deaths,1904 births,Armenian male film actors

paragraph: David Malyan

paragraph: David Melkumovich Malyan (, 17 April 1904 in Zakatala - 17 July 1976 in Yerevan) was a Soviet and Armenian film and stage actor.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: David Malyan studied at Armenian Drama studio in Tbilisi from 1922 to 23 and Worked in the theatres in Yerevan, Tbilisi, Leninakan. He was one of the leading actors of the Sundukyan Drama Theatre of Yerevan Since 1932 .

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honored Artist of the Armenian SSR (1936).

paragraph: BULLET::::- People's Artist of the Armenian SSR (1943).

paragraph: BULLET::::- People's Artist of the USSR (1974).

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 - Shor and Shorshor (as devil)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 - Pepo (as Kakuli)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 - Six Shots (as officer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 - Sevan's Fishermen (as Aram)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 - Zangezur (as Makich)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 - Mountainous March (as Vardan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 - Blood for Blood (as commander of a tank), short

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 - Family of Patriots (as Levon), short

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943 - David-Bek (as Shahumyan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 - Anahit (as Hrant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 - Ghosts Leave the Peaks (as Satunts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1955 - Looking of the Addressee (as Suren)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956 - The Heart Sings (as Markaryan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 - Personally Known (as Kon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 - To Whom the Life Smiles (as Metsaturyan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 - What's All the Noise of the River About? (as Darbinyan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 - They are to Live (as Petrosyan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 - Twelve Companions (as Minasyan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 - The Difficult Pass (Davtyan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966 - Hunter From Lalvar (as senior hunter)

description: Armenian actor (1904-1976)

wikidata_label: David Malyan

wikipedia_title: David Malyan


text:
Orléans
French
saint
bishopric of Orléans
relics
Saint-Lyé-la-Forêt
monastic
Leonard of Noblac
recluse
Saints of November 5: Lie

categories: 533 deaths,6th-century Frankish saints,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Saint Lié

paragraph: Saint Lie (Lié, Lyé, Laetus, Lætus) (died 533) of Orléans is a French saint. He is honored in the bishopric of Orléans and his relics are enshrined in the village of Saint-Lyé-la-Forêt in that diocese. He is said to have embraced the monastic life at the age of 12 and provided direction to Leonard of Noblac.

paragraph: He died a recluse in the forest of Orléans.

paragraph: His feast day is November 5.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saints of November 5: Lie

description: French saint.

wikidata_label: Saint Lie

wikipedia_title: Saint Lié


text:
Charles VI of France
Isabeau of Bavaria
Saint Michael the Archangel
Mont Saint-Michel
Queen Isabeau
Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
Charles VII of France
John the Fearless
Ghent
St Bavon
Possible Portrait

categories: Countesses of Burgundy,14th-century French people,1395 births,1422 deaths,Countesses of Flanders,Philip the Good (Duke of Burgundy),House of Valois,Murdered royalty,Countesses of Artois,15th-century French people,14th-century French women,Duchesses of Burgundy,French princesses

paragraph: Michelle of Valois

paragraph: Michelle of France (11 January 1395 – 8 July 1422) was a Duchess consort of Burgundy. She was a daughter of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria. She was named for Saint Michael the Archangel after her father noted an improvement in his health after a pilgrimage to Mont Saint-Michel in 1393.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Although rumors persist that Michelle and her siblings were neglected by their parents, this was not the case. Queen Isabeau purchased luxurious toys, clothes and gifts for her children, and regularly wrote them letters when apart. In times of plague, she ensured they were sent to safety in the countryside.

paragraph: In June 1409, Michelle married the future Philip III, Duke of Burgundy, later known as Philip the Good. She became melancholic in 1419 following the involvement of her brother, the future King Charles VII of France, in the murder of her father-in-law, John the Fearless. Michelle had borne a daughter, Agnes, but she died in infancy.

paragraph: Michelle fell ill and died in Ghent in 1422 while her husband was away preparing for the battle of Cone. All of the inhabitants grieved, as she was much loved by the people. Michelle was interred in the monastery of St Bavon near Ghent. Only a fragment of her recumbent tomb still remains.

paragraph: After her death, it was believed she had been poisoned by a lady attendant from Germany, Dame de Viesville, a close confidante who had been dismissed to Aire just before Michelle's death. The lady was never charged.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Possible Portrait

description: Duchess consort of Burgundy

wikidata_label: Michelle of Valois

wikipedia_title: Michelle of Valois


text: Italian Renaissance

text: Florence

text: Francesco Giamberti

text: Giuliano da Sangallo

text: Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

text: Giulio de Medici

text: Pope Clement VII

text: Lorenzo the Magnificent

text: Arezzo

text: Montefiascone

text: Rome

text: Montepulciano

text: Greek cross

text: Bramante

text: St. Peter's Basilica

text: Monte San Savino

text: San Biagio at Montepulciano

text: Civita Castellana

text: Old Fortress of Livorno

categories: Architects from Florence,15th-century Italian architects,1534 deaths,1450s births

paragraph: Antonio da Sangallo the Elder

paragraph: Antonio da Sangallo the Elder (c. 1453December 27, 1534) was an Italian Renaissance architect who specialized in the design of fortifications.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Antonio da Sangallo was born at Florence.

paragraph: Sangallo's father Francesco Giamberti was a woodworker. His brother Giuliano da Sangallo and nephew Antonio da Sangallo the Younger were also architects. Sangallo's godson, Giulio de Medici (the future Pope Clement VII) was raised in his household until the boy reached the age of seven, when Giulio's uncle Lorenzo the Magnificent became his full-time guardian.

paragraph: Sangallo often worked in partnership with his brother; however, he executed a number of independent works. As a military engineer he was especially skillful, building important works at Arezzo, Montefiascone, Florence and Rome. His most outstanding work as an architect is the church of San Biagio at Montepulciano, in plan a Greek cross with central dome, "the first of the great cinquecento domes to be completed". and two towers -- resembling, on a smaller scale, Bramante's design for St. Peter's Basilica.

paragraph: Sangallo also built a palace in the same city, various churches and palaces at Monte San Savino, and, at Florence, a range of monastic buildings for the Servite monks. His other works includes he church of San Biagio at Montepulciano, the Forte Sangallo of Civita Castellana and the Old Fortress of Livorno. Antonio retired early from the practice of his profession, and spent his latter years in farming.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonio da Sangallo the Elder in the "History of Art"

description: Italian architect

wikidata_label: Antonio da Sangallo the Elder

wikipedia_title: Antonio da Sangallo the Elder


text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: Rome

text: Papal States

text: Florence

text: Francesco Giamberti

text: woodworker

text: Giuliano

text: Antonio da Sangallo

text: Donato Bramante

text: Passetto di Borgo

text: Castel Sant'Angelo

text: Santa Maria di Loreto

text: travertine

text: Pope Paul III

text: Farnese Palace

text: Piazza Farnese

text: Gradoli

text: Villa Farnese

text: Palazzo Baldassini

text: Basilica of Sant'Agostino

text: Jaume Serra i Cau

text: San Giacomo degli Spagnoli

text: Villa Madama

text: Clement VII

text: Raphael

text: Giovanni Giocondo

text: St. Peter's Basilica

text: Pope Leo X

text: San Giovanni dei Fiorentini

text: Tiber

text: Jacopo Sansovino's

text: Giacomo della Porta

text: Basilica della Santa Casa

text: Loreto

text: Vatican loggias

text: Parma

text: Piacenza

text: Ancona

text: Orvieto

text: Pope Clement VII

text: Saint Patrick's Well

text: Cairo Citadel

text: Rieti Valley

text: Pope Paul III

text: St. Peter's Basilica

text: Pauline Chapel

text: Sala Regia

text: Sistine Chapel

text: Scala Regia

text: Apostolic Palace

text: Basilica della Santa Casa

text: Loreto

text: Cappella Paolina

text: Sala Regia

text: Scala Regia

text: Vatican

text: Old Fortress, Livorno

text: Palazzo Baldassini

text: Palazzo Farnese

text: Cardinal Alessandro Farnese

text: Palazzo Sacchetti

text: Via Giulia

text: Saint Patrick's Well

text: Orvieto

text: Santa Maria di Loreto

text: San Giovanni dei Fiorentini

text: St. Peter's Basilica

text: Villa Madama

text: Cappella Paolina

text: Sala Regia

text: Scala Regia

text: Vatican

text: Palazzo Farnese

text: Cardinal Alessandro Farnese

text: Michelangelo

categories: 1484 births,Architects from Florence,1546 deaths

paragraph: Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

paragraph: Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (12 April 14843 August 1546), also known as Antonio da San Gallo, was an Italian architect active during the Renaissance, mainly in Rome and the Papal States.

paragraph: Section::::Early Life and Apprenticeship.

paragraph: Sangallo was born Antonio Cordiani in Florence, the son of Bartolomeo Piccioni. His grandfather Francesco Giamberti was a woodworker, and his uncles Giuliano and Antonio da Sangallo were noted architects of the time. Vasari writes that the young Sangallo followed his uncles to Rome in order to pursue a career in architecture; he ended up taking the name ″Sangallo″ in their tracks. Instead of becoming an apprentice to an artist, as was the common path toward becoming an architect, Sangallo apprenticed to a carpenter; nevertheless he quickly became an apprentice under Donato Bramante.

paragraph: As an assistant to Bramante, Sangallo prepared a number of sketches due to the disability of his master, and was recognized for talent and attention to detail as a draftsman. Due to his success, Bramante gave Sangallo a number of projects to complete with no more than an outline of the design and motifs. Eventually, Sangallo was put in charge of the Passetto di Borgo between the Papal apartments and the Castel Sant'Angelo. That particular project was left unfinished, but it left Sangallo with a working reputation as an architect.

paragraph: Section::::Independent Commissions.

paragraph: Now living in Rome, Sangallo quickly received a major commission for the church of Santa Maria di Loreto in 1507. His design called for a square first story and an octagonal second story built in travertine and brick; the dome and lantern were finished many years later. Sangallo also drew the attention of the Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (who would later become the Pope Paul III), from whom he received a number of commissions. First and foremost of these is the Farnese Palace on the Piazza Farnese, although it was not completed until after his death. Sangallo also received a number of further contracts from the Farnese family. For instance, he designed a palace (since destroyed) and the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena in the Farnese town of Gradoli. He also designed fortifications for Capo di Monte and Caprarola; the latter eventually became a country estate, the Villa Farnese.

paragraph: In addition to the Farnese family, Sangallo had a number of patrons in Rome. He designed the Palazzo Baldassini near the Basilica of Sant'Agostino for Melchiore Baldassini; he designed a tomb for the Cardinal Jaume Serra i Cau in San Giacomo degli Spagnoli. Sangallo was also one of several artists hired to design the Villa Madama by Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, the future Clement VII; he was personally responsible for the final design of the building itself. Through these projects, Sangallo acquired the reputation of a master architect in the city of Rome; when Bramante died in 1514, Sangallo, along with Raphael and Giovanni Giocondo, was appointed to oversee the construction of St. Peter's Basilica by Pope Leo X. Sangallo was hired extensively by Leo X, not only as an architect, but also as an engineer tasked to restore and save a number of buildings.

paragraph: Section::::Engineering Feats.

paragraph: Some time later, Sangallo was hired to build the foundation for the church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini on the bank of the Tiber. Jacopo Sansovino's design called for the church to extend into the river, a difficult task given the unstable bank. Sangallo successfully completed the foundation, although at such great expense that there was no longer enough money to build the church. Thus the model that Sangallo designed for the church was not built, and construction to the designs of Giacomo della Porta was not begun until 1583.

paragraph: Another project was the Basilica della Santa Casa in Loreto. The church had not been built particularly well, with cracking vaults and an unstable foundation. Sangallo redesigned the church and shored up the foundations; Vasari claims the church to be ″the best that Antonio ever executed″ despite the challenges innate in rebuilding a church as opposed to building a new one from the ground up. Sangallo was also hired to do similar work on the Vatican loggias, which had shown signs of weakness due to poor construction; his reinforcements stand today.

paragraph: Sangallo was also a noted military architect, working on the fortifications of numerous cities such as Parma, Piacenza, Ancona and Orvieto. In Orvieto, he was also tasked by Pope Clement VII with building a well, called Saint Patrick's Well, noted as a marvel of engineering. Its double helix ramps around a central open shaft allowed oxen carrying water to go down via one of the ramps and up via the other without having to turn around; despite its 175-foot depth, the ramps are well lit through windows cut into the center section. Possibly an inspiration for the design was the Well of Joseph in the Cairo Citadel, also featuring a double spiral staircase.

paragraph: His last project was the draining of the Rieti Valley, which had been commissioned to him by Pope Paul III; in the insalubrious marshy environment Sangallo contracted malaria and died before finishing his work.

paragraph: Section::::Work on Vatican and Saint Peter's Basilica.

paragraph: Sangallo had maintained a good relationship with the popes, and thus was constantly involved in the designing and building process of St. Peter's Basilica from 1513 until at least 1536. As "capomaestro", he was in charge of the day-to-day construction on the basilica for many years. He also created a design for the basilica, of which a wooden model exists today.

paragraph: Sangallo also worked extensively on the Vatican apartments, building the Pauline Chapel, the Sala Regia which serves as the entryway to the Sistine Chapel, and the Scala Regia, the staircase that serves as the main entrance to the Apostolic Palace. Vasari also claims that Sangallo modified the Sistine Chapel by elevating the roof, although exactly what the modifications are is unclear.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Basilica della Santa Casa in Loreto.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cappella Paolina, the Sala Regia and the Scala Regia in the Vatican.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Old Fortress, Livorno.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palazzo Baldassini in Rome.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palazzo Farnese in Rome (1534–46), designed for Cardinal Alessandro Farnese.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palazzo Sacchetti on the Via Giulia in Rome; designed by Sangallo for himself.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Patrick's Well in Orvieto.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Santa Maria di Loreto in Rome.

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Giovanni dei Fiorentini in Rome.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Peter's Basilica in Rome (chief architect from 1520 on).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Villa Madama in Rome (started 1518).

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Sangallo had begun the design for the Palazzo Farnese in 1513; when Cardinal Alessandro Farnese became Pope Paul III in 1534, the design was expanded into its current size. According to Sir Banister Fletcher, it is "the most imposing Italian palace of the 16th Century." In 1546, during the construction, Paul III became dissatisfied with the design for the cornice, and held a competition for a new cornice design. Michelangelo won the competition and oversaw the completion of the palace; Sangallo reportedly died, in Terni, Italy, from shame not long after. He is buried in St. Peter's Basilica with the following epitaph:

paragraph: poem

paragraph: /poem

paragraph: His biographer Vasari writes, ″In truth Antonio, who was a most excellent architect, deserves to be celebrated and extolled, as his works clearly demonstrate, no less than any other architect, whether ancient or modern.″

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonio da Sangallo the Younger in the "History in Art"

paragraph: BULLET::::- RIBA Library: news release 3 May 2005 concerning the Codes Stosch"

alias:
Antonio da Sangalio the Younger
Antonio, il giovane Da Sangallo
Antonio da Sangallo
Antonio da, the younger Sangallo
Antonio da Sangallo il giovane
Antonio Da, The Younger Sangallo
Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane
Sangallo
Antonio Cordiani
Antonio Da Sangallo
Antonio da, the Younger Sangallo
Antonio Da Sangallo The Younger
Antonio il Giovane Sangallo
Antonio Cordini

description: Italian architect

wikidata_label: Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

wikipedia_title: Antonio da Sangallo the Younger


text:
Marilyn Monroe
JFK
Amy Winehouse
Lucille Ball
Robert Rauschenberg
Keith Haring
Mr. Brainwash
Horace Panter
Banksy
Johnny Depp
Duchess of Cambridge
Faith Inc
Prince George of Cambridge
Duccio di Buoninsegna
Queen Elizabeth II
Geri Halliwell
Prince Harry
Diana, Princess of Wales
Diana, Princess of Wales
Amy Winehouse
Camden
the Jewish Museum
Alex Proud
Alexandra Burke
Barack Obama
Obama
Tom Daley
David Bowie
Donald Trump
Dolby Theatre
2016 Academy Awards
Bristol Post
Banksy
Prince
NME
David
Victoria Beckham
Victoria Beckham
Prince Harry's
Meghan Markle
Charlie Chaplin
Cheshire
Congleton
Prince Harry
Meghan Markle
Metropolitan Police
Queen
Diana
Amy Winehouse
Madonna
Charlie Chaplin
David Beckham
Debbie Harry
Queen
Cheshire
Diana
Diana
Faith Inc
Adele
Lindsay Lohan
England Rugby
Ben Cohen
Alan Carr
Alexandra Burke
Kristina Rihanoff
Sunday Mirror
Pope Francis
Mother Teresa
Pegasus Street Art

categories: Living people,Street artists,Artists from Chicago

paragraph: Pegasus (artist)

paragraph: "Pegasus" is the pseudonym and signature of a North London street artist. The artist, born 1988, is originally from Chicago but best known for his work in England. His stencilled pieces play with popular culture's most recognizable icons, including Marilyn Monroe, JFK, Amy Winehouse, and Lucille Ball, and sometimes are ironic or controversial.

paragraph: The artist has stated that his influences include "the genius Andy Warhol. I also admire other artists such as Robert Rauschenberg, Keith Haring, Mr. Brainwash, Darren West the Neon Artist, Horace Panter, Eelus and of course Mr. Banksy."

paragraph: As well as designing the front cover of the publication "Encyclopedia Madonnica," Pegasus is featured in two books published in 2013. They are titled "Happy Graffiti" and 'Planet Banksy".

paragraph: The street artist supports various charities throughout the year and donates 100% of proceeds through sales of work.

paragraph: The charities that Pegasus regularly support are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hotels with Heart

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amy Winehouse Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shelter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centre Point

paragraph: BULLET::::- StandUp Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Kennedy Trust

paragraph: Section::::Solo shows.

paragraph: Pegasus held his first solo show at Faith Inc Gallery, London on Saturday 6 December 2014. The actor Johnny Depp attended and purchased one of his artworks of the Duchess of Cambridge.

paragraph: The second solo show was an exhibition entitled 'Gods and Monsters', which ran from July 2016 to December 2016 at London's Faith Inc. Gallery, Los Angeles' Artist's Corner and Cheshire's Attitude Gallery.

paragraph: In October 2018 his 3rd solo exhibition called 'Neon Nights' swas attended by Jessie Wallace, Judge Rinder, Janis Winehouse and Alan Carr. All paintings sold out on the opening night. Pegasus gave an interview on London Live before the opening of the show.

paragraph: Section::::The British Royal Family.

paragraph: Pegasus made headlines with a stencil showing the Duchess of Cambridge as the Virgin Mary with Prince George of Cambridge as baby Jesus. The image, inspired by the 14th-century painting "Madonna And Child" by Italian artist Duccio di Buoninsegna, was created in view of the impending birth of a presumptive heir to the British throne. The painting was exhibited at the Hoxton Arches gallery in London's East End in 2013 and is the fifth Royal portrait by Pegasus. Previous work featuring the royal family includes Queen Elizabeth II dressed in her crown and Geri Halliwell's Union Jack swimsuit. The painting is located at the Caledonian Road.

paragraph: There is also a nude Prince Harry, inspired by the media images of him while he was holidaying in Las Vegas. This work can be found in the bathrooms of the Winchester Bar in Angel as well as at the skate park along the Embankment in London.

paragraph: An Original depiction of Diana, Princess of Wales, was publicly displayed in July 2016 at the launch exhibition of Gods and Monsters in London. and later in Cheshire.

paragraph: Pegasus recreated his Diana theme to mark the 20th anniversary of the passing of Diana, Princess of Wales with a street art creation in London. The work depicts her as queen of hearts.

paragraph: Section::::Amy Winehouse.

paragraph: Pegasus is perhaps best known for "Fallen Angel", an image of Amy Winehouse on the side of a Camden information centre (Starbucks) that was whitewashed over before being repainted and 'opened' by Winehouse's mother Janis in December 2013. The artwork was the site of an unofficial shrine for Ms Winehouse in the days after the singer's death in 2011. Pegasus said: "I am so pleased that my Amy Angel work means so much to people. I love Amy and the world is a much poorer place without her. Her legacy will be remembered forever and the work the Amy Winehouse Foundation is doing is testimony to her kindness and love for others." The Camden New Journal printed an image of a fan revealing a tattoo of Pegasus' famous Amy piece, complete with the Pegasus tag of a flying horse.

paragraph: "Atmosphere" is the second art piece by Pegasus dedicated to the late Amy Winehouse in the singer's home area of Camden. It can be found on the wall of The Earl of Camden pub. The public graffiti image of the singer coincided with an exhibition on Winehouse at the Jewish Museum, which launched in July 2013.

paragraph: P"roud Camden" CEO Alex Proud said: "I am honoured and very humbled that Pegasus has chosen Proud Camden as the location for his ode to Amy. It's been amazing how so many people have rallied around the #Amys30 celebrations and are supporting the Amy Winehouse Foundation helping to continue the amazing work they are doing in Amy's memory."

paragraph: In March 2017 Pegasus created an interactive installation for “Amy Winehouse, A family portrait” exhibition at the Jewish Museum in Camden.

paragraph: In Jan 2017 Pegasus worked in collaboration with Fred Perry on an exclusive design for the Amy Winehouse collection. On sale link:

paragraph: Section::::Notable artwork.

paragraph: Alexandra Burke, the chart-topping singer who won X Factor in 2008, was presented personally with a bespoke painting by Pegasus while she celebrated her 25th birthday. The Daily Mail called the canvas a "Banksy-esque piece", which sees Burke in full American Football regalia with the words 'Fresh' on it.

paragraph: Pegasus depicted Barack Obama ripping open a white shirt, superman-style, to reveal the Human Rights Campaign's famous pink and red square emblem. This work came after President Obama became the first US president to announce support for marriage equality in May 2012. The artwork can be viewed outside Bistro De La Gare, Pentonville Rd, Kings Cross, London.

paragraph: Pegasus created an image of British Olympic diver Tom Daley on the Royal Vauxhall Tavern, London. It is a life-size street-art stencil of Britain's Olympic medalist brandishing a groin-level declaration that 'All We Need Is Love', complete with rainbow-hued love-heart. This piece addressed the debate over LGBT rights at the 2013 Winter Olympics at Sochi, Russia.

paragraph: In January 2016, Pegasus produced a tribute to David Bowie in London's Turnpike Lane in the wake of his death.

paragraph: In February 2016, Pegasus created a depiction of US Presidential candidate, Donald Trump in North Street, Bristol. as well as super-sized piece entitled ""I got 99 problems but an Oscar ain't one"" outside the entrance to the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, California where the 2016 Academy Awards ceremony was being held

paragraph: Pegasus' Trump image was described by the Bristol Post as one of the most controversial pieces of Street Art in the city alongside work of John D'Oh and Banksy

paragraph: In April 2016, Pegasus produced a piece of street art as a celebration of the life of Prince after the announcement of the musician's death was made which was described by NME magazine as one of the best out there.

paragraph: In May 2016, Pegasus created images of David and Victoria Beckham on Pricelet Street, London just off Brick Lane, famous as a destination for street art. Victoria Beckham has been quoted as saying she was "flattered" by the depictions.

paragraph: A 'tongue in cheek' depiction of Prince Harry's girlfriend, the American Actress Meghan Markle was unveiled in London in November 2016 entitled 'Harry's Girl'.

paragraph: December 2016 saw Pegasus create a depiction of Charlie Chaplin with the message "Dream Big" in the Cheshire town of Congleton, which is visible in the town's Swan Bank.

paragraph: Pegasus created a painting on the rear of his gallery's van to celebrate the engagement of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle which resulted in him being questioned by the Metropolitan Police

paragraph: Section::::Exclusive editions.

paragraph: As well as producing his street graffiti, Pegasus occasionally produces small collections of hand sprayed original works, paper editions and short-run screen print editions including depictions of The Queen, Diana Princess of Wales, Amy Winehouse, Madonna, Charlie Chaplin, David Beckham and Debbie Harry amongst many other iconic images.

paragraph: One of Pegasus' hand sprayed editions of the Queen was displayed in Cheshire's Attitude Gallery in Spring 2016.

paragraph: A spray painted canvas featuring Diana, Princess of Wales entitled 'Act of Kindness' was unveiled by Pegasus in July 2016 during the launch event for his 'Gods and Monsters' exhibition followed up by a second work also featuring Diana entitled 'Life is a Journey' unveiled at Pegasus' October exhibition in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: In October 2015 three pieces were inducted into the Hollywood Museum in Los Angeles and are on permanent display. They were Pegasus' Marilyn Monroe, Bette Davis and Lucille Ball.

paragraph: The exhibition, entitled 'Gods and Monsters', ran from July 2016 to December 2016 at London's Faith Inc. Gallery, Los Angeles' Artist's Corner and Cheshire's Attitude Gallery.

paragraph: Section::::Celebrity and famous clients.

paragraph: Pegasus has a A-List and celebrity following and he has received commissions from Adele, Lindsay Lohan and England Rugby legend Ben Cohen amongst others. Pegasus has also produced painted canvases for entertainer, Alan Carr, singer, Alexandra Burke and professional ballroom dancer, Kristina Rihanoff.

paragraph: The Sunday Mirror on 22 May 2016 reported that Pegasus and his management were in the process of brokering a deal with the Vatican for Pope Francis to obtain a Pegasus creation of Mother Teresa, an image that is planned to feature in the artist's Gods and Monsters exhibition.[reference needed]

paragraph: In May 2017 Pegasus began supplying artwork for St Giles Hotel chain in Europe and North America.

paragraph: Pegasus is in talks with the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh in regards to a solo exhibition at the museum.

paragraph: Pegasus designed a collection for Fred Perry featuring a stencilled rose.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pegasus Street Art

description: American street artist

wikidata_label: Pegasus

wikipedia_title: Pegasus (artist)


text: Chico, California

text: Norwalk, Connecticut

text: Walter Hoyt

text: Poughkeepsie, New York

text: New York City

text: Nicaragua

text: Yerba Buena

text: Sacramento

text: Marysville

text: Marysville Rifles

text: California Militia

text: Language Houses

text: California State University, Chico

text: National Register of Historic Places

text: South Campus Neighborhood

categories: American jewellers,1903 deaths,Mayors of Chico, California,1819 births,American militiamen,Watchmakers (people),Politicians from Poughkeepsie, New York

paragraph: Charles Ball (politician)

paragraph: Charles Ball (April 4, 1819 – March 4, 1903) was the third and fifth President of the Chico Board of Trustees, the governing body of the city of Chico, California from 1876 to 1879, and from 1882 to 1885. He was a jeweler and watchmaker.

paragraph: He was the son of Jacob Green Ball from New Jersey and Lucretia Hoyt, from Norwalk, Connecticut. His mother Lucretia was the third great-granddaughter of Walter Hoyt, one of the founding settlers of Norwalk.

paragraph: He left from Poughkeepsie, New York to go west while his wife was still pregnant, and his son, Alanson was only two years old in 1848. He departed from New York City on a ship that sailed to Nicaragua, where he crossed over land to the Pacific shore. From there, he sailed to Yerba Buena (the early name of San Francisco) arriving in 1849.

paragraph: He made a return trip in 1850, and he is listed in the 1850 census living in Poughkeepsie on August 20.

paragraph: He returned again to California, arriving in Sacramento in 1851. We know he practiced his trade there, presumably relieving miners and prospectors of gold, in exchange for watches and jewelry. He is believed to have made at least two more return trips to New York before finally bringing his wife Rebecca and now, three children, to California in late 1857 or early 1858, again by ship/land/ship crossing. He chose to relocate to Marysville, setting up his shop there.

paragraph: The 1860 Census lists him with three children, in Marysville, Yuba County. He was still in Marysville at the time of Abraham Lincoln's assassination in April 1865. A letter to the Governor, with his signature, is in the California Archives. He was serving as the Adjutant to the Colonel in charge of the Marysville Rifles, a unit of the California Militia. The letter states the Militia's allegiance to the Union following the assassination, that they were wearing black armbands in mourning and would control and suppress any rabblerousing perpetrated by Confederate sympathizers.

paragraph: The 1870 Census lists him as residing in Chico. The Charles Ball House (later called the International House) was built in 1869, and is one of the oldest extant structures in the city of Chico. It is one of the Third Street Language Houses located at 536 West Third Street and used to be owned by California State University, Chico. It was moved this location in the 1920s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991, as a contributor to the South Campus Neighborhood.

paragraph: He served as President of the Chico Board of Trustees, from 1876 to 1879, and from 1882 to 1885.

description: California politician, jeweler, watchmaker

wikidata_label: Charles Ball

wikipedia_title: Charles Ball (politician)


text:
Bosnian Serb
Bosnia
Independent State of Croatia
World War II
German
Axis
invasion of Yugoslavia
Yugoslav Partisans
Mrkonjić Grad
Serb
Chetniks
Banja Luka
Ustaše
Ribnik
Manjača
Banja Luka
World War II
Royal Yugoslav Army
German
invasion of Yugoslavia
Axis
Independent State of Croatia
Communist Party of Yugoslavia
Bosnia
Mrkonjić Grad
battalion
Ribnik
Pliva
Petar Kočić
political commissar
Bosanska Krajina
Stolice
German-occupied Serbia
3rd Krajina Detachment
Chetnik
Marko Attila Hoare
Crljeni
Grmeč Shock Anti-Chetnik Battalion
Enver Redžić
Italian Second Army
auxiliaries
Mario Roatta
Mane Rokvić
Branko Bogunović
Stevo Rađenović
Momčilo Đujić
political scientist
Sabrina P. Ramet
Order of Karađorđe's Star
Peter
Draža Mihailović
Glamoč
Serbian Orthodox Church
Republika Srpska
Bosnia and Herzegovina

categories: Yugoslav Partisans members,Recipients of the Order of Karađorđe's Star,People from Banja Luka,1944 deaths,Deaths by airstrike during World War II,Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina,Chetnik personnel of World War II,1911 births

paragraph: Uroš Drenović

paragraph: Uroš Drenović (; 11 November 1911 – 29 May 1944) was a Bosnian Serb military commander in the Central Bosnia region of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II. Following the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he joined the Yugoslav Partisans and distinguished himself during the initial uprising against NDH authorities by capturing Mrkonjić Grad in August 1941.

paragraph: Drenović subsequently led Serb-chauvinist agitation within the Partisan 3rd Krajina Detachment. After some vacillation, he eventually sided with the royalist Chetniks and became a Chetnik commander ("vojvoda"). In April 1942, he was defeated by the Partisans and fled to Banja Luka, where he concluded an alliance with the "Ustaše" to fight the Partisans. He continued to oppose the Partisans until his death during an Allied bombing raid on Banja Luka in May 1944.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Uroš Drenović was born in Sitnica, Ribnik near Mount Manjača in 1911. He finished teachers' college in Sarajevo, and became a schoolmaster in the Banja Luka area. Prior to the outbreak of World War II, he was a reserve officer in the Royal Yugoslav Army (, VKJ).

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.:Bosanska Krajina uprising.

paragraph: A matter of months after the German-led invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, uprisings began to occur throughout the newly created Axis puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia (, NDH). On 4 July, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (, KPJ) decided to launch a general uprising against the occupying forces across Yugoslavia, and rebellion broke out in Bosnia on 27 July. This included local uprisings in southwest Bosnia, which spread across the NDH, but the KPJ organisation was initially swept along rather than leading the rebellion.

paragraph: On 29 August, Drenović distinguished himself by planning and leading the capture of Mrkonjić Grad by the rebels, but when the town was recaptured by NDH forces four days later, the KPJ blamed him and his troops, citing their poor discipline and anti-Muslim chauvinism. In September, four battalions of fighters were formed in the Ribnik, Janj and Pliva region. One of these, the 3rd "Petar Kočić" Battalion, was commanded by Drenović, who, unlike the other battalion commanders in the region, did not allow the KPJ to appoint political commissars to his companies. In an area largely free of KPJ activity, but under the sway of the sectarian Serb elite of Mrkonjić Grad, Drenović arrested Muslim communists in the area, even confronting senior members of the Partisan staff for Bosanska Krajina.

paragraph: On 26 September 1941 at Stolice in German-occupied Serbia, the Partisan leadership decided to standardise its military organisation across occupied Yugoslavia. As result, during October and November, three detachments were formed in the Bosanska Krajina from existing units such as the 3rd "Petar Kočić" Battalion, and Drenović was appointed as deputy commander of the 3rd Krajina Detachment responsible for the territory of central Bosnia. This region had strong pro-Chetnik currents, and of the 34 companies in the detachment, only 13 had KPJ organisations, only 11 had commanders that were members of the KPJ, and only 18 had a political commissar. Many KPJ activists in the region were Muslims or Croats, not easily accepted by the mass of the rank-and-file who were Serb-chauvinist peasants. Drenović himself was the leading exponent of Chetnik ideology in Central Bosnia. He despised Muslims and Croats but, according to the historian Marko Attila Hoare, was "diplomatic enough to keep his feelings in check when necessary". In October, the Staff of the 3rd Krajina Detachment attempted to win over the Muslim village of Crljeni by gaining the agreement of the headman to contribute five armed men to the detachment. When the headman reneged on the deal, the bulk of the detachment attacked the village, but the rest of the detachment had to prevent Drenović's battalion from burning and looting it.

paragraph: On 26 November 1941, at a meeting of the Staff of the 3rd Krajina Detachment, Drenović advocated collaboration with the Italian occupation forces on the basis that the Italians were protecting Serbs from the "Ustaše". This was rejected by the senior KPJ members of the staff, but they were not in a position to force him to abandon the idea. At the same meeting, Drenović refused to commit the 3rd "Petar Kočić" Battalion to fight the Italians. Under pressure, he agreed to advise neighbouring battalions if the Italians moved through his territory. In return, the Staff of the 3rd Krajina Detachment agreed that Drenović could refer to his force as a "Military-Chetnik Detachment". On 10 December, the senior KPJ members of the 3rd Krajina Detachment concluded that 50 percent of their command staff did not support the leading role of the KPJ in the uprising. The Partisan staff for Bosanska Krajina later observed that the Staff of the 3rd Krajina Detachment had made no effort to remove Chetnik elements from its ranks or stop their Serb-chauvinist agitation. In early February 1942, Drenović took a leading role in a conference intended to bring the 7th Glamoč Battalion, which had declared itself as "Chetnik", back into the Partisan structure. Drenović argued for the Chetnik side, and was expelled from the meeting along with his supporters, and the battalion returned to the fold. On 6 February, a meeting of the leaders of the 1st, 2nd and 4th battalions of the 3rd Krajina Detachment met and decided to bring Drenović back into the Partisan movement by organising an attack on the Italian and "Ustaše" garrison of Mrkonjić Grad. Under pressure from his own rank-and-file, Drenović formally participated in the attack, but he was able to prevent its success through allowing the Italians to move past his battalion and attack the Partisan rear. According to Partisan sources, he forewarned the Italians and "Ustaše" forces, and divulged the Partisan plan to them.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.:Alliance with the NDH.

paragraph: In response to highly effective pro-Chetnik agitation from within, many Partisan units defected to the Chetniks. In the second half of April 1942, the Partisans responded with aggressive military action against the defectors. The unit that led this offensive was the Grmeč Shock Anti-Chetnik Battalion, formed earlier that month from wholly loyal and reliable troops. This offensive spelt the end of Drenović's "Petar Kočić" Chetnik Detachment, and Drenović took refuge with the "Ustaše" in Mrkonjić Grad. On 27 April, he and other defeated Chetnik commanders signed an agreement with the NDH. The agreement had eight points, requiring that hostilities between the "Ustaše" and Drenović's Chetniks come to an end, that NDH forces protect Serb villages from the Partisans and that "Ustaše" units assist the Chetniks in fighting the Partisans. The agreement also required the "Ustaše" to restore religious and civil rights to Serbs of the Krajina. In turn, Drenović issued a declaration in which he recognized the sovereignty of the NDH. The historian Enver Redžić argues that the agreement was reached out of military and political necessity. He writes: "The "Ustaše"–Chetnik accords were driven neither by a confluence of Serbian and Croatian national interests nor by mutual desire for acceptance and respect, but rather because each side needed to obstruct Partisan advances. The "Ustaše" and Chetniks, two long-time foes, sought help from one another at a time when the "Ustaše" were facing national political disgrace among the Croats and the Chetniks were losing the support of the Serbs."

paragraph: The NDH authorities considered that the alliance would mean that the Chetniks could continue to subvert Partisan units. On 30 April, the NDH authorities recognised the rights of Drenović and his troops to remain armed in order to fight the Partisans. The agreement between the NDH and Drenović's Chetniks was soon made public by the entire "Ustaše" press; Serb public opinion remained divided. By May, Drenović had a force of about 350 Chetniks. At mid-month, he signed an agreement with a Croatian general staff officer in Banja Luka agreeing to cooperate with the NDH in fighting the Partisans. Drenović soon emerged as one of the most important Chetnik leaders in western Bosnia. That summer, when order had been established in significant parts of the Italian occupation zone, Drenović and other Chetnik detachment leaders and their principal political spokesmen with Italian Second Army headquarters were recognized by the Italians as auxiliaries and early in the summer Italian commander Mario Roatta allowed for the delivery of arms, munitions, and supplies to the Chetniks. Other Chetnik leaders in Bosnia who had concluded alliances with the NDH by June 1942 included Mane Rokvić, Branko Bogunović, Stevo Rađenović and Momčilo Đujić. The political scientist Sabrina P. Ramet observes that this co-operation must be seen as a function of their mutual fear of the Partisans, and emphasizes the uncertainty and distrust that accompanied it. By June, Drenović's Chetniks numbered about 600 men.

paragraph: In 1943, Drenović was awarded the Order of Karađorđe's Star by King Peter, based on a recommendation by Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović. Following the Italian capitulation, Drenović agreed to all the actions of his Chetniks being performed in close cooperation with local German units, and was informed at the end of the year that "Ustaše" units would again be stationed in Serb-inhabited areas. In October 1943, a team from the 1st Battalion of the 4th Brandenburg Division under "Oberleutnant" Hermann Kirchner began working alongside Drenović's Chetniks in northwest Bosnia, operating forward reconnaissance groups and developing contact with anti-communist farmers to keep an eye on Partisan troop movements. There were about 950 Chetniks serving under Drenović that year, positioned around Manjača and Glamoč. Drenović had about 400 Chetniks under his command by the following year. His was the only Chetnik band that the "Ustaše" trusted fully during the war. According to BN Televizija, Drenović is considered a Chetnik "vojvoda".

paragraph: Section::::World War II.:Death.

paragraph: On 29 May 1944, Drenović was killed in an Allied bombing raid on Banja Luka. The Ravna Gora Movement and Serbian Orthodox Church in Klisina organise a ceremony each year to commemorate Drenović's actions in 1941. In 2014, the ceremony was not attended by any officials of the Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

description: Bosnian Chetnik leader

wikidata_label: Uroš Drenović

wikipedia_title: Uroš Drenović


text: historian

text: Nova Scotia Museum

text: Halifax

text: Nova Scotia

text: Public Archives of Nova Scotia

text: Jerry Lonecloud

text: Mi'kmaq people

text: Camp Hill Cemetery

text: Donald Crowdis

text: winter wren

text: Halifax Citadel

text: York Redoubt

text: Mary Jane Katzmann

text: Thomas Raddall

text: Halifax Chronicle Herald

text: artifacts

text: specimen

text: museum

text: Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society

text: Robert Field

text: Leading Citizens NS

text: Harry Piers - Canadian Biography

categories: 1870 births,Historians of Atlantic Canada,Canadian historians,Canadian curators,Canadian archivists,1940 deaths

paragraph: Harry Piers

paragraph: Harry Piers (1870–1940) was a Canadian historian. He was a long-serving and influential historian and curator at the Nova Scotia Museum in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Piers was born on February 12, 1870 in Halifax.

paragraph: He became the second curator of the Nova Scotia Museum in 1899 when he succeeded David Honeyman. Piers also served as librarian of the Provincial Science Library from 1900 and as Deputy Keeper of Public Records of Nova Scotia from 1899 until 1931, when the Public Archives of Nova Scotia opened. He did extensive work with Jerry Lonecloud documenting Mi'kmaq people's culture and history. He died on January 24, 1940 and is buried in Halifax at Camp Hill Cemetery. He was succeeded as curator of Nova Scotia Museum by Donald Crowdis.

paragraph: Piers was an active writer publishing on a wide range of subject from the history of the military to the habits of the winter wren, a tiny bird found in Nova Scotia forests. His last book, "The Evolution of the Halifax Fortress 1749-1928", was published in 1947 just after his death and played a key role in restoring the Halifax Citadel and York Redoubt.

paragraph: Piers was also known for his assistance to other authors. In 1893 he edited Mary Jane Katzmann's Akins Prize-winning "History of the Townships of Dartmouth, Preston and Lawrencetown, Halifax County, N.S." posthumously for publication. History and fiction writer Thomas Raddall received crucial encouragement and assistance from Piers who became Raddall's mentor for historical research.

paragraph: Piers worked with precision and diligence for many years as virtually a one-man-museum for Nova Scotia. His obituary in the "Halifax Chronicle Herald" noted, "Many called him a 'human book of knowledge'. His tall stately figure was familiar in the community life of Halifax and he played a prominent role in numerous activities in the City and Province.". Piers' museum work was multi-disciplinary, collecting artifacts and specimens for human and natural history. His collection documentation set high standards of research and description that were ahead of their time and stand out today as instructive examples of museum work. A Parks Canada historian in recent times lauded him as a "renaissance man of this province's cultural history. It matters not where the modern researcher penetrates — history, archaeology, material culture, geology, botany — it is almost certain that you will find his footprint of decades ago. At a time when nobody else cared, he and his museum did, and between them they preserved and recorded much that would otherwise have vanished utterly."

paragraph: He was a long term member of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piers, Harry, Robert Field: Portrait Painter in Oils, Miniature and Water-Colours and Engraver, New York, 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry Piers. Artists of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Historical Society. 1914.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry Piers, "The Fortieth Regiment, Raised at Annapolis Royal in 1717; And Five Regiments Subsequently Raised in Nova Scotia," "Nova Scotia Historical Society" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piers, Harry, "The Evolution of the Halifax Fortress 1749-1928", Public Archives of Nova Scotia, 1947

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry Piers.Relics of the stone age in Nova Scotia (1896)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leading Citizens NS

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piers Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Harry Piers: Museum Maker", Nova Scotia Archives virtual exhibit

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry Piers - Canadian Biography

description: Canadian historian

wikidata_label: Harry Piers

wikipedia_title: Harry Piers


text:
Cherokee
Cherokee–American wars
Old Tassel
Cherokee
George Washington
Chickamauga Cherokee
Principal Chief
John Watts
Old Hop
Attakullakulla
Tahlonteeskee
John Jolly
Cherokee Nation
Overhill Towns
Little Tennessee River
Dragging Canoe
State of Franklin
White's Fort
East Tennessee
Muscle Shoals
Tennessee River
Alabama
Chickasaw
George Colbert
Muskogee
Shawnee
Bob Benge
Willstown
Cumberland River
Cheeseekau
Kentucky
cannibalized
Iroquois
Mohawk
Beaver Wars
The Ridge
Choctaw
Knoxville
Southwest Territory
William Blount
Hanging Maw
John Sevier
James Vann
Lower Towns
Return J. Meigs, Jr.
James Vann
Major Ridge
Calhoun, Tennessee
Treaty of New Echota
John Ridge
Elias Boudinot (Cherokee)
Dee Brown
Sequoyah
McLoughlin, William G.
Ramsey, James Gettys McGready

categories: 1807 crimes,Murdered Native American people,Deaths by stabbing in the United States,Native American leaders,Cherokee Nation (1794–1907),Deaths by firearm in Tennessee,1807 deaths,1744 births,Chickamauga Cherokee,Cherokee leaders,People murdered in Tennessee

paragraph: Doublehead

paragraph: Doublehead (1744–1807) or Incalatanga ("Tal-tsu'tsa" in Cherokee), was one of the most feared warriors of the Cherokee during the Cherokee–American wars. In 1788, his brother, Old Tassel, was chief of the Cherokee people, but was killed under a truce (negotiating peace) by frontier rangers. In 1791 Doublehead was among a delegation of Cherokees who visited U.S. President George Washington in Philadelphia. After the peace treaty at the Tellico Blockhouse in 1794, Doublehead served as one of the leaders of the Chickamauga Cherokee (or "Lower Cherokee"). Upon the death of his nephew, Principal Chief John Watts, in 1802, Doublehead was chosen as leader of the Chickamauga (taking on the title "Chuqualataque").

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: It is thought that Doublehead's father was Great Eagle (or "Willenewa"), a nephew of Chief Old Hop and a cousin of Chief "Attakullakulla" (or Little Carpenter). One of his brothers was Old Tassel, killed while treating with the lost State of Franklin. Two of his relatives, "Tahlonteeskee" and John Jolly, were also leaders among the Chickamauga and both later became Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation. Doublehead's last wife was Nancy Drumgoole. Their youngest son, Bird Doublehead, was only twelve years old at the time of Doublehead's assassination.

paragraph: Living in the Overhill Towns on the Little Tennessee River, he took only sporadic part in the campaigns of Dragging Canoe, until the murder of his brother, and another pacifist chief, Abraham of Chilhowee, under a flag of truce during an embassy to the State of Franklin in 1788. Thereafter, he became one of the most vicious fighters —and able leaders —of the Cherokee at war.

paragraph: Section::::Beginnings as a war leader.

paragraph: His first act in his new crusade was to lead a party of warriors in concert with those of Dragging Canoe in an assault on White's Fort in East Tennessee that same year. Thereafter, he and his warriors operated somewhat independently, though occasionally joining Dragging Canoe's campaigns, operating from his new settlement of Coldwater at the head of the Muscle Shoals on the Tennessee River in what is now the state of Alabama. The location at the time was within the territory claimed by the Chickasaw, but Doublehead solved that problem by marrying two daughters to George Colbert, the chief of the Chickasaw town at the foot of the Shoals. Doublehead's band included not only Cherokee, but Muskogee, Shawnee, and renegade Chickasaw (whose council and chiefs were adamantly opposed to the wars).

paragraph: Section::::Activities in later years of the wars.

paragraph: Beginning in 1791, he began operating closely with the parties of his great-nephew, Bob Benge, who was to become one of the most feared warriors on the frontier, and Benge's brother, The Tail, who were then based in Willstown. Following the death of Dragging Canoe in 1792, he became part of a triumvirate of leaders among the Chickamauga, along with Bloody Fellow and his nephew, John Watts, who was recognized as the chief of them.

paragraph: In September 1792, Watts orchestrated a large campaign into the Cumberland region of combined Cherokee and Muskogee forces which included a contingent of cavalry. It was to be a three-pronged attack in which "Tahlonteeskee" (or "Talotiskee") of the Muskogee (who was either a Creek chief or a relative of Doublehead by that name) led a force to ambush the Kentucky road; Middle Striker led another to do the same on the Walton road; while Watts himself led the main army which was made up of 280 Cherokee, Shawnee, and Muskogee warriors and cavalry, against a settlement on the Cumberland River known as Buchanan's Station on Sept. 30, 1792. Among the attackers were the Shawnee Warrior (also known as "Chiksika", or "Cheeseekau"), "Tahlonteeskee", and Dragging Canoe's brother, Little Owl, all of whom died in the encounter. Also killed in the attack was Pumpkin Boy, a younger brother of Doublehead.

paragraph: One an earlier occasion, Doublehead, Pumpkin Boy, and their nephew Bob Benge, had led a raid into southwestern Kentucky during which their warriors, in an act initiated by Doublehead, cannibalized the enemies they had just killed. Their act was in imitation of the Iroquois, particularly the Mohawk, who were alleged to have done so to intimidate their enemies (especially during the Beaver Wars). Though every warrior present partook, Benge never operated with Doublehead afterward, sickened at his actions and at his own, nor did the later leader, The Ridge, who also took part.

paragraph: Section::::Beginning of his troubles with James Vann.

paragraph: In 1793, a delegation of Shawnee stopped in "Ustanali", the principal city of the Cherokee, on their way to call on the Muskogee and Choctaw to punish the Chickasaw for joining St. Clair's army in the north. Watts sent envoys to Knoxville, then the capital of the Southwest Territory, to meet with Governor William Blount to discuss terms for peace. This party, which included Bob McLemore, Tahlonteeskee, Captain Charley of Running Water, and Doublehead, along with the white delegation, was attacked by militia during a stop at the Overhill town of Coyatee. Hanging Maw (one of two men claiming the title of "First Beloved Man") was wounded, and several others, including his wife, daughter, and one of the white delegates, were killed. The Cherokee (and, amazingly, Watts' hostile Chickamauga warriors) agreed to await the outcome of the subsequent trial, which proved to be a farce. This was in large part because the man responsible was a close friend of John Sevier.

paragraph: Watts responded by invading the Holston area with one of the largest Indian forces ever seen in the region —over one thousand Cherokee, Muskogee, and Shawnee —intending to attack Knoxville itself. On the way, the Cherokee leaders were discussing among themselves whether to kill all the inhabitants of Knoxville, or just the men, James Vann advocating the latter while Doublehead argued for the former. Further on the way, they encountered a small settlement called Cavett's Station. After they had surrounded the place, Benge negotiated with the inhabitants, agreeing that if they surrendered, their lives would be spared. However, after the settlers had walked out, Doublehead's group and his Muskogee allies attacked and began killing them over the pleas of Benge and the others. Vann managed to grab one small boy and pull him onto his saddle, only to have Doublehead smash the boy's skull with an axe. Watts intervened in time to save another young boy, handing him to Vann, who put the boy behind him on his horse and later handed him over to three of the Muskogee for safe-keeping. Unfortunately, one of the Muskogee chiefs killed the boy and scalped him a few days later.

paragraph: Because of the above incident, Vann called Doublehead "Babykiller" for the remainder of his life. This incident also began a lengthy feud which defined the politics of the early 19th-century Cherokee Nation.

paragraph: Section::::After the wars.

paragraph: Doublehead, as well as being one of the leaders of the Lower Towns, was elected first Speaker of the Cherokee National Council, when the Cherokee formed its first nascent national government, in 1794. He became one of the foremost advocates of acculturation and one of the richest men in The Cherokee Nation —the Lower Towns then being the wealthiest section of the entire country. He was also a chief advocate of land sales, along with several older chiefs in the Lower Towns, whose number included Dragging Canoe's brother, Turtle at Home. This only increased the enmity between him and his chief rival, James Vann, who was the richest man in "The Nation."

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In August 1807, because of his ongoing machinations with U.S. Indian Affairs Commissioner Return J. Meigs, Jr. regarding under-the-table land deals, as well as personal animosity going back nearly two decades, several of the younger leaders of the Nation, led by James Vann, conspired to assassinate Doublehead. Meanwhile, Doublehead lost part of his thumb in a scuffle with a Cherokee named Bone Polisher. Vann, because of his personal animosity toward Doublehead going back nearly two decades, had initially planned to lead the assault, but had become too drunk to take part.

paragraph: The Ridge (later known as Major Ridge) and Alexander Sanders, shot the injured chief in McIntosh's Tavern at the Hiwassee Garrison near the Cherokee Agency (now Calhoun, Tennessee). The badly wounded Doublehead sought safety in the attic of schoolmaster Jonathan Blacke's house, where the assassins finished the job with knives and tomahawks.

paragraph: Thomas Clark was a close friend of the Cherokee Indian Chief Doublehead, and when a treaty was signed on 25 October 1805 for the location of a Fort opposite and below the mouth of the Hawassee River and on the North Bank of the Tennessee River. The Hiwassee Garrison, 1805 to 1817, as part of this treaty, a secret article was applicable to a small tract of land at and below the mouth of the Clinch River, to the one mile square at the foot of the Cumberland Mountains, and to the one square mile on the north bank of the Tennessee River where Cherokee Talootiske lived. The first mentioned tract was also intended for the benefit of Chief Doublehead, who leased it on 19 February 1806 to Thomas Clark for 20 years. When Chief Doublehead was killed at the site of the Hawassee Garrison in August 1807 by rivals who accused him of being a traitor to the Cherokees, the State of Tennessee assumed to grant the tract to Thomas Clark on 10 December 1820. At the time of the murder of Chief Doublehead, Thomas Clark, John D. Chisholm, and Major Return J. Meigs had been appointed the executors of the estate by Chief Doublehead, and he wished that his estate be disposed of in the manner of white people and his wishes were read and approved by the Cherokee Council. Chief Doublehead's son Birdsong Doublehead, who was twelve years old and living in the Clarks' home at the time of his father’s murder, stayed there until his father’s estate could be settled, and then Clark took him down to Mussel Shoals Alabama to be with his mother Nancy Drumgoole, last wife of Chief Doublehead.

paragraph: A historical irony deserves mention here. Walker's Ferry on the Hiwasssee River was owned by John Walker, Jr., a mixed blood who was one of Vann's associates. In July 1834, because of his advocacy of removal in the years leading up to the Treaty of New Echota, Walker was assassinated on the road home from Red Clay, TN after a meeting of the Cherokee National Council. His killers were James Foreman and his half brother Anderson Springston. In June 1839, after the Cherokee Removal to Indian Territory, Major Ridge, his son John Ridge, and nephew Elias Boudinot (Cherokee) were accused of the same crime as that of Doublehead and themselves became the targets of assassins. Among the killers of Major Ridge were James Foreman, Anderson Springston, Isaac Springston, and Bird Doublehead. They were all maternal half-brothers whose mother was Nancy Drumgoole, last wife of Doublehead. Their son, Bird Doublehead, was twelve years old and residing at the home of Thomas Clark when his father, Doublehead, was killed by the Cherokee assassins, Alexander Sanders and Major Ridge.

paragraph: A fictional version of his execution is in Dee Brown's novel "Creek Mary's Blood".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sequoyah

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evans, E. Raymond. "Notable Persons in Cherokee History: Bob Benge". "Journal of Cherokee Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2", pp. 98–106. (Cherokee: Museum of the Cherokee Indian, 1976).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flint, Timothy. 'Indian Wars of the West; Containing Biographical Sketches of Those Pioneers Who Headed the Western Settlers in Repelling the Attacks of the Savages, Together with a View of the Character, Manners, Monuments, and Antiquities of the Western Indians'. Cincinnati: E. H. Flint, 1833, pg. 116.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hicks, Brian. "Toward the Setting Sun: John Ross, the Cherokees, and the Trail of Tears." New York: Atlantic Monthly Press,2011.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klink, Karl, and James Talman, ed. "The Journal of Major John Norton". (Toronto: Champlain Society, 1970).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Langguth, A. J. "Driven West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War". New York, Simon & Schuster. 2010. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- McLoughlin, William G. "Cherokee Renascence in the New Republic". (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mooney, James. "Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee". (Nashville: Charles and Randy Elder-Booksellers, 1982).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moore, John Trotwood and Austin P. Foster. "Tennessee, The Volunteer State, 1769–1923, Vol. 1". (Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1923).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ramsey, James Gettys McGready. "The Annals of Tennessee to the End of the Eighteenth Century". (Chattanooga: Judge David Campbell, 1926).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilkins, Thurman. "Cherokee Tragedy: The Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People". (New York: Macmillan Company, 1970).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ehle, John. Trail of Tears, The Rise and fall of the Cherokee Nation. (New York: Anchor Books, 1988)

description: Cherokee leader

wikidata_label: Doublehead

wikipedia_title: Doublehead


text: Arta

text: Zakynthos

text: Leonardo III Tocco

paragraph: Carlo III Tocco

paragraph: Carlo III Tocco (1464–1518) was the titular ruler of Epirus (Arta) and Zakynthos, having succeeded his father Leonardo III Tocco (r. 1448–1479). He was the first child of Leonardo III and Milica Branković (1448–1464), who died while giving birth to Carlo III. He married Andronike Arianiti.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos

description: Despot of Epirus

wikidata_label: Carlo III Tocco

wikipedia_title: Carlo III Tocco


text:
Leonardo III Tocco
Lazar Branković
Helena Palaiologina
Carlo III Tocco
Arta
Zakynthos
Maria
Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia
Jerina
Gjon Kastrioti II

categories: 1464 deaths,Branković dynasty,15th-century Serbian royalty,Medieval Serbian princesses,Tocco family,People of the Serbian Despotate,Women of the Despotate of Epirus,Deaths in childbirth

paragraph: Milica Branković

paragraph: Milica Branković (, d. 1464) was Serbian princess and the first wife of Leonardo III Tocco, whom she married on 1 May 1463. She was a daughter of despot Lazar Branković of Serbia and Helena Palaiologina. Milica died in childbirth in 1464, while giving birth to Carlo III Tocco. Carlo III Tocco succeeded his father as titular ruler of Epirus (Arta) and Zakynthos. Her siblings were Maria, wife of King Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia and Jerina, wife of Gjon Kastrioti II.

wikidata_label: Milica Branković

wikipedia_title: Milica Branković


text:
Gjon Kastrioti II
Lazar Branković
Helena Palaiologina
Helen (Mary)
Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia
Milica
Leonardo III Tocco
Epirus
Galatina
Ferrante

categories: Medieval Serbian people of Greek descent,Branković dynasty,House of Kastrioti,Medieval Serbian princesses,15th-century Serbian royalty,People of the Serbian Despotate

paragraph: Jerina Branković (wife of Gjon Kastrioti II)

paragraph: Jerina Branković (, ), or Irina (Ирина), was the wife of Gjon Kastrioti II. She was the third daughter of Lazar Branković and Helena Palaiologina. She had two sisters, Helen (Mary), wife of King Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia, and Milica, wife of Leonardo III Tocco of Epirus.

paragraph: Gjon Kastrioti II was the "conte di Spoleto" in 1485, and "duca di San Pietro" in Galatina in 1495. They had the following issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferrante (d. 1561), duke of San Pietro in Galatina

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria (d. 1569)

wikidata_label: Jerina Branković


text: Les Cayes

text: footballer

text: Florida Tropics SC

text: Major Arena Soccer League

text: college soccer

text: Fort Wayne Mastodons

text: Summit League

text: Premier Development League

text: Michigan Bucks

text: Vermont Voltage

text: UMF Tindastóll

text: 1. deild karla

text: Icelandic football league system

text: Icelandic Cup

text: BÍ/Bolungarvík

text: Reading United

text: Premier Development League

text: 2014 season

text: Pittsburgh Riverhounds

text: United Soccer League

text: 2015 season

text: Lebogang Moloto

text: Harrisburg City Islanders

text: Rochester Rhinos

text: Haitian national team

text: 2012 Caribbean Cup qualification

text: Guyana

text: Israel Blake Cantero

text: 2012 Caribbean Cup

text: Caribbean Football Database profile

text: IPFW Mastodons profile

categories: Michigan Bucks players,Major Arena Soccer League players,USL Championship players,Haitian expatriate footballers,Vermont Voltage players,Florida Tropics SC players,USL League Two players,Haitian footballers,Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons men's soccer players,1990 births,Association football forwards,Reading United A.C. players,Expatriate soccer players in the United States,Living people,Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC players

paragraph: Max Touloute

paragraph: Max Touloute (born 27 April 1990 in Les Cayes) is a Haitian footballer who plays for Florida Tropics SC in the Major Arena Soccer League.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:College and semi-professional.

paragraph: Touloute played college soccer for the Fort Wayne Mastodons of Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne for four seasons between 2008 and 2011. In total, Touloute made 67 appearances, tallying 32 goals and 14 assists for the team. Touloute earned multiple honours throughout his college career, including being named Summit League Offensive Player of the Year in 2011. While in college, Touloute also played semi-professional soccer for Premier Development League clubs Michigan Bucks in 2010 and Vermont Voltage in 2011. He made seven league appearances for both clubs, scoring one goal for Michigan.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Professional.

paragraph: Following college, Touloute signed for UMF Tindastóll of the 1. deild karla, the second tier of the Icelandic football league system, on 1 May 2012. In his one season with the club, Touloute tallied 6 goals in 17 matches. The player also made two Icelandic Cup appearances for the club, scoring one goal, during the season. Toulouse left the club on 5 September of the same year. The following season, he transferred to BÍ/Bolungarvík, also of the 1. deild karla, signing on 14 March 2013. He remained with this club for one season also, scoring 5 goals in 15 matches.

paragraph: Touloute returned to the United States in 2014, signing for Reading United and returning to the Premier Development League in the process. Throughout the 2014 season, Touloute made 5 appearances and scored 1 goal. Following his departure from Reading, it was announced on 13 March 2015 that Touloute had signed with the Pittsburgh Riverhounds of the United Soccer League for the 2015 season. He made his league debut for the club on 28 March 2015, coming on as a second-half substitute for Lebogang Moloto in the eventual 5-2 victory over the Harrisburg City Islanders to open the season. Touloute scored his first goal for the club on the next matchday, scoring Pittsburgh's only goal of a 1–2 defeat to the Rochester Rhinos on 4 April 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:International.

paragraph: Touloute was called up by the Haitian national team for a 2012 Caribbean Cup qualification match against Guyana on 14 November 2012. Touloute was on the bench for the match but was an unused substitute. For the other two qualification matches of the round, Touloute was left off of the gameday roster and remained in the stands. Haiti head coach Israel Blake Cantero called Touloute into the squad for the final round of the 2012 Caribbean Cup after the nation qualified but the player had to remain in the United States to finish exams to graduate from his university. He has not yet been capped by Haiti.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caribbean Football Database profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- IPFW Mastodons profile

description: Haitian association football player

wikidata_label: Max Touloute

wikipedia_title: Max Touloute


text:
American football
free safety
Chicago Bears
2007 NFL Draft
college football
New Hampshire
Baltimore Ravens
Buffalo Bills
Philadelphia Eagles
Pro Bowl
Super Bowl
University of New Hampshire
New Hampshire Wildcats football
Chicago Bears
2007 NFL Draft
Charles Tillman
interception
Minnesota Vikings
Gus Frerotte
Pro Bowl
2011
Baltimore Ravens
Lardarius Webb
Jimmy Smith
CBS
2012 Divisional round playoff game
Denver Broncos
Peyton Manning
Super Bowl ring
San Francisco 49ers
Super Bowl XLVII
Buffalo Bills
Philadelphia Eagles
Super Bowl ring
New England Patriots
Super Bowl LII

wikipedia_title:
American football
Safety (gridiron football position)
Chicago Bears
2007 NFL Draft
College football
University of New Hampshire
Baltimore Ravens
Buffalo Bills
Philadelphia Eagles
Pro Bowl
Super Bowl
University of New Hampshire
New Hampshire Wildcats football
Chicago Bears
2007 NFL Draft
Charles Tillman
Interception
Minnesota Vikings
Gus Frerotte
Pro Bowl
2012 Pro Bowl
Baltimore Ravens
Lardarius Webb
Jimmy Smith (cornerback)
CBS
Mile High Miracle
Denver Broncos
Peyton Manning
Super Bowl ring
San Francisco 49ers
Super Bowl XLVII
Buffalo Bills
Philadelphia Eagles
Super Bowl ring
New England Patriots
Super Bowl LII

categories: New Hampshire Wildcats football players,Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York,African-American players of American football,Players of American football from New York (state),Philadelphia Eagles players,Living people,1985 births,Chicago Bears players,National Conference Pro Bowl players,American football cornerbacks,Baltimore Ravens players,Buffalo Bills players

paragraph: Corey Graham

paragraph: Corey Dewayne Graham (born July 25, 1985) is an American football free safety who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the fifth round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at New Hampshire. He has also played for the Baltimore Ravens, Buffalo Bills, and Philadelphia Eagles. Graham is a one-time Pro Bowler and two time Super Bowl champion.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Graham attended the University of New Hampshire, where he played for the New Hampshire Wildcats football team.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Bears.

paragraph: Graham was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the 5th round of the 2007 NFL Draft. In 2008, Graham started at cornerback alongside longtime Bear Charles Tillman. Graham registered his first career interception on October 19, 2008 off of Minnesota Vikings quarterback Gus Frerotte. Graham also recorded 91 tackles in the 2008 season.

paragraph: Graham was selected to his first Pro Bowl in 2011 after a season in which he recorded 16 total tackles, deflected three passes, forced a fumble, and caught three interceptions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Ravens.

paragraph: Graham signed with the Baltimore Ravens on March 23, 2012. Graham said that upon signing with the Ravens, he looks to see more time on defense, as well as continuing his solid special teams play.

paragraph: Graham had a limited role on defense at first, but injuries to Lardarius Webb and Jimmy Smith helped earn him more playing time.

paragraph: Graham was named the CBS player of the game for the Baltimore Ravens' 2012 Divisional round playoff game against the top seeded Denver Broncos. In this game, Graham intercepted two Peyton Manning passes and made 8 tackles. Graham returned his first interception of the game 39 yards for a touchdown, giving the Ravens a 14–7 lead midway through the first quarter. Graham's second interception of the game occurred in overtime and led to a Ravens game-winning field goal, advancing the team to the AFC championship game. The Ravens entered the game as 9.5 point underdogs, but won the game in double overtime, 38–35, thanks in part to Graham's performance. Graham would call joining the Ravens the second best decision of his life, behind marrying his wife. Graham earned his first Super Bowl ring on February 3, 2013, when the Ravens defeated the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl XLVII.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: On March 12, 2014, Graham signed a four-year, $16 million contract with the Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: On March 10, 2017, Graham was released by the Bills.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Philadelphia Eagles.

paragraph: On August 3, 2017, Graham signed a one-year contract with the Philadelphia Eagles. Graham won his second Super Bowl ring when the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 in Super Bowl LII with Graham recording five tackles.

paragraph: On August 5, 2018, Graham re-signed with the Eagles on a one-year deal.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buffalo Bills bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baltimore Ravens bio

description: American football free safety

wikidata_label: Corey Graham

wikipedia_title: Corey Graham


text:
Black Forest
Thun
osteotome
tanner
Johann Georg Heine
Würzburg
orthopaedic
University of Würzburg
Joseph Heine
Munich
Nicholas I
Kronstadt
periosteum
tuberculosis

wikipedia_title:
Black Forest
Thun
Osteotome
Tanning (leather)
Johann Georg Heine
Würzburg
Orthopedic surgery
University of Würzburg
Joseph Heine
Munich
Nicholas I of Russia
Kronstadt
Periosteum
Tuberculosis

categories: German orthopedic surgeons,1800 births,People from Schramberg

paragraph: Bernhard Heine

paragraph: Bernhard Heine (August 20, 1800, Schramberg (Black Forest) – July 31, 1846, Glockenthal near Thun (Switzerland)) was a German physician, bone specialist and the inventor of the osteotome, a medical tool for cutting bones.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Apprenticeship in Würzburg.

paragraph: Bernhard Heine was born on August 20, 1800 as the son of a tanner in Schramberg. At the age of ten (according to other references, thirteen) years he was apprenticed to his uncle Johann Georg Heine in Würzburg as an orthopaedic mechanic. Without any enrolment he later attended lectures in medicine at the University of Würzburg.

paragraph: After a number of journeys he took over his own department in his uncle's orthopaedic institute. When Johann Georg moved to the Netherlands in 1829 Bernhard - together with his cousin Joseph Heine - became the head of the Würzburg institution.

paragraph: In 1837 Bernhard Heine married his cousin (Johann Georg's daughter) Anna Heine (*1801).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Inventing the osteotome.

paragraph: In 1830, after long years of research and development, Bernhard Heine presented a medical tool to his colleagues. It was a "bone saw", which he called "osteotome" and which revolutionized surgical treatment. His invention was a great success among medical experts all over Europe. Heine travelled to other parts of Germany, France and even Russia to present it to other surgeons. In 1836 already a doctoral thesis on the "Osteotome and its application" was published in Munich.

paragraph: Heine declined an offer of the Russian Tsar Nicholas I to take over the position of an orthopaedic senior consultant at the imperial school in Kronstadt and returned to Würzburg.

paragraph: The Würzburg university awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1836 and an honorary professorship in 1838, although he had never acquired any degree.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Research work on bone formation.

paragraph: Bernhard Heine acquired valuable knowledge in the field of bone formation and bone regeneration, which is still valid today. He was able to prove that the periosteum, the tissue covering the bones, is decisive in bone regeneration and therefore has to be spared violation in the operating process.

paragraph: Unfortunately his early death did not allow him to publish his findings in a medical work.

paragraph: Since 1844 he had taught "Experimental Physiology" at the Würzburg university as an associate professor, but fell ill with tuberculosis and died on July 31, 1846

paragraph: on a recreation trip to Switzerland in Glockenthal near Thun.

paragraph: It was not until 1926, eighty years after his death that his research findings were published (see external link biography).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinz Hansen: "Die Orthopädenfamilie Heine - Leben und Wirken der einzelnen Familienmitglieder im Zeichen einer bedeutenden deutschen Familientradition des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts." doctoral thesis, Dresden 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Hekler: "Bernhard Heine – von Königen geehrt und von Zar Nikolaus umworben." in: D'Kräz (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Stadt und Raumschaft Schramberg) Heft 10, Schramberg 1990 (also online, see external links)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- biography with pictures and further references

description: German physician, bone specialist and inventor of the osteotome

wikidata_label: Bernhard Heine

wikipedia_title: Bernhard Heine