text:
India
physicist
Jamnagar
Gujarat
Solid State Physics Laboratory
Delhi
Padma Shri
Bhavnagar
Gujarat
Gujarat College
Ahmedabad
C. V. Raman
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore
Maharaja
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Padma Shri
Zakir Hussain

categories: Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering,People from Jamnagar,2005 deaths,Indian Institute of Science alumni,Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni

paragraph: Nautam Bhatt

paragraph: Nautam Bhagwanlal Bhatt (10 April 1909 – 6 July 2005) was an Indian physicist born in Jamnagar, Gujarat. He was the founding Director Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi. Nautam was a recipient of Padma Shri Award for his contributions to "Science and Engineering".

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: Bhatt had his schooling in Bhavnagar and early college education at Samaldas College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, the same High School that Mahatma Gandhi attended. He received his B.A. degree from the Gujarat College in Ahmedabad. He then received his MSc degree in physics under the Nobel Laureate, C. V. Raman, at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore. Following a year of teaching at Samaldas College, Bhatt was awarded a fellowship by the Maharaja of Bhavnagar to pursue the doctorate program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he earned his Ph.D. degree in physics in 1939.

paragraph: He has started his career under Dr. CV Raman in Indian Institute of Science as Scholar of Physics. After Indian Independence he started to work for country and founded "Defense Science Laboratory" and worked for development of defense technologies.

paragraph: His Major Contributions for science and technology are:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Development and deployment of the VT Fuse for the Department of Defense in the mid-1960s.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. He designed the acoustics of several moderate sized concert halls specifically for Indian Classical Music for a more natural sound.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. He established the Solid State Physics Laboratory in Delhi and was its founding Director.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. He established the Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. He founded the Electrical Communications Engineering Department at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. He was a founding member of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE).

paragraph: In 1969 he was awarded the prestigious Padma Shri Award by Indian President Zakir Hussain for his great work in the field of "Science and Engineering".

paragraph: Dr. Bhatt designed the acoustics for several theatres and auditoriums in India, including the Odeon and Sheila Cinemas in New Delhi and the Legislative Assembly Hall in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. He was also a founding member of the Bharatiya Kala Kendra, New Delhi.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20090131221505/http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.princeton.edu/~sondhi/nonphysics/writings/Nautam%20Bhagwanlal%20Bhatt.pdf

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/sep102005/895.pdf

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20110713005627/http://www.iiscalumni.com/downloads/Alumni_Reminiscences_Prof-Balaram.doc

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://nahar.wordpress.com/2009/07/15/scientist-dr-nautam-bhatt

description: Indian physicist

wikidata_label: Nautam Bhatt

wikipedia_title: Nautam Bhatt


text: Toyota District, Hiroshima

text: Nippon Professional Baseball

text: pitcher

text: Tokyo/Lotte Orions

text: Pacific League

text: Earned run average

text: Meikyukai

text: Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame

text: Eiji Sawamura Award

text: Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame

categories: Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame inductees,1949 births,Nippon Professional Baseball coaches,Japanese baseball players,Japanese baseball coaches,People from Hiroshima Prefecture,Lotte Orions players,Tokyo Orions players,Living people

paragraph: Choji Murata

paragraph: Choji Murata (村田 兆治, born November 27, 1949, in Toyota District, Hiroshima) is a former Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher. He played for the Tokyo/Lotte Orions from 1968 to 1990.

paragraph: Murata led the Pacific League in Earned run average in 1975 and 1976. In 1976 he won 21 games, the only time he won 20 games or more in his career.

paragraph: Murata missed all of the 1983 season and most of the 1984 season. Rebounding in 1985 with a 17-5 record, he won the Nippon Professional Baseball Comeback Player of the Year Award.

paragraph: In 1989 he again led the Pacific League in ERA.

paragraph: Retiring in 1990 with 200+ career wins, Murata became a member of Meikyukai. He was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 2005.

paragraph: In 2008, Murata served on the Eiji Sawamura Award selection committee.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of top Nippon Professional Baseball strikeout pitchers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Choji Murata

wikipedia_title: Choji Murata


text: Independent

text: Louisiana House of Representatives

text: Colfax

text: Grant Parish

text: North Louisiana

text: general election

text: Democrat

text: Republican

text: Billy Chandler

text: Dry Prong

text: World War II

text: Veterans Administration

text: Pineville

text: American Legion

text: Boy Scouts of America

text: Camden

text: Arkansas

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: Northwestern State University

text: Natchitoches

text: United Methodist Church

text: Richard S. Thompson

text: nonpartisan blanket primary

text: Montgomery

text: Natchitoches Parish

text: Common Core State Standards Initiative

text: Governor

text: Bobby Jindal

text: John White

text: Jena

text: LaSalle Parish

text: Clean Harbors

categories: Northwestern State University alumni,Louisiana Independents,21st-century American politicians,Members of the Louisiana House of Representatives,1946 births,People from Colfax, Louisiana,Living people

paragraph: Terry Brown (Louisiana politician)

paragraph: Terry Ralph Brown (born August 20, 1946) is, as of August 2017, one of four current Independent members of the Louisiana House of Representatives. A resident of Colfax in Grant Parish, Brown claimed the reconfigured District 22 seat in North Louisiana by unseating in the general election held on November 19, 2011 the Democrat-turned-Republican incumbent Billy Chandler of Dry Prong, also in Grant Parish.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Brown is one of three children of June Hafer Brown (1920-2003) and Ralph Edison Brown (1916-2002), who fought in both theaters of World War II and was employed by the Veterans Administration medical center in Pineville. The senior Brown was an area commander of the American Legion and active in the Boy Scouts of America in south Grant Parish. Both Browns are interred at Colfax Cemetery. Terry Brown's siblings are Michael L. Brown of Colfax and Jimmie Brown Ballard of Camden, Arkansas.

paragraph: Brown holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in professional education from Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana. Active in the Grant Parish community, he is a charter member of the Louisiana Pecan

paragraph: Festival Association and a vice chairman of the Grant Parish Library Board. Brown is a member of the United Methodist Church. He and his wife, the former Lou Altazan, have a daughter, Ann-Elizabeth Brown (born c. 1990).

paragraph: Brown's uncle, Daniel Wallace "Dan" Brown (born 1941) of Colfax, only five years his senior, is a son-in-law of the late District 22 state representative, Richard S. Thompson, a Democrat from Colfax who served from 1972 to 1984.

paragraph: Section::::Legislative career.

paragraph: In the nonpartisan blanket primary held in October 2011, a third candidate, Republican businessman James Timothy "Tim" Murphy of Natchitoches, previously from Montgomery in Grant Parish, polled 3,666 votes (25.9 percent), sufficient to force a runoff between Chandler, who led with 5,790 (40.8 percent) and Brown, who polled 4,724 (33.3 percent). Brown then unseated Chandler, 6,015 (52.4 percent) to 5,465 (47.6 percent). He lost only in the combined eight precincts in Natchitoches Parish within the district.

paragraph: Brown sits on these House committees: (1) Administration of Criminal Justice, (2) Municipal, Parochial and Cultural Affairs, and (3) Transportation, Highways, and Public Works. He is also a member of the Louisiana Rural Caucus. Brown holds a 60 percent rating from the Louisiana Association of Business and Industry.

paragraph: Brown opposes the controversial Common Core State Standards Initiative, which was first supported by Governor Bobby Jindal, who then reversed his position on the issue. Brown told a public forum in Alexandria that some of his constituents have children who are "literally pulling their hair out" or faking illnesses because of frustration with Common Core. Brown said that 84 percent of his constituents oppose Common Core. The lawmaker criticized Louisiana Education Superintendent John White for insistence on keeping Common Core. Brown said that he favors returning to an elected state superintendent who unlike White would be "answerable to the people."

paragraph: In his bid for re-election to the state House in the October 24, 2015, non-partisan blanket primary, Brown defeated a Republican challenge from John Robert Stephens, I (born August 1970), of Jena in LaSalle Parish. Brown polled 6,627 votes (52.4 percent) to Stephens' 6,026 (47.6 percent).

paragraph: Brown is the author of House Bill 11 (2016), which if implemented would halt open burning of munitions or explosive waste. Such burning is underway at the company Clean Harbors Colfax, which is located five miles northwest of Colfax. The neighboring Rapides Parish Police Jury approved a resolution opposing Brown's bill. Juror Richard Vanderlick explained that Brown's measure "might shut that operation down, and that's going to cause some [eight to ten] people to lose their jobs." Brown insisted that the open burning is a health hazard and must be stopped.

description: American legislator

wikidata_label: Terry Brown

wikipedia_title: Terry Brown (Louisiana politician)


text:
Sparta
Spartan king
Leonidas II
Cleombrotus II
Cleomenes III
Agesipolis III
king
Leonidas II
Cratesiclea
ephor
Lysander
Cleombrotus II
Parallel Lives

categories: 3rd-century BC Spartans,Ancient Spartan queens consort,Agiad dynasty,Spartan princesses,3rd-century BC women

paragraph: Chilonis (wife of Cleombrotus II)

paragraph: Chilonis () was a Spartan princess and queen: daughter, wife, sister and grandmother of four different Spartan kings: Leonidas II, Cleombrotus II, Cleomenes III and Agesipolis III respectively.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Chilonis, daughter of the king Leonidas II and his wife Cratesiclea, a woman of Persian origin, became Queen of Sparta in 272 BC, when the father was deposed from the throne by the ephor Lysander and substituted by her husband Cleombrotus II. In that circumstance, Chilonis preferred to follow her father in his exile, instead of remaining in Sparta with her husband, the new king.

paragraph: The next year, when Lysander's duty as ephor had finished, Leonidas returned to Sparta and re-installed himself on the throne, with the intention of sentencing his son-in-law to death, but Chilonis prayed her father to commute the penalty to exile and Leonidas satisfied his daughter's wish.

paragraph: At this point Chilonis, instead of remaining in Sparta, as her father was asking her to, preferred going to exile again, this time following her husband Cleombrotus, along with their two children.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Agis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pausanias, "Description of Greece"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, William "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities edited",Little, Brown Co, 1870

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarah B. Pomeroy, Spartan Women, Oxford University Press, 2002

wikidata_label: Chilonis

wikipedia_title: Chilonis (wife of Cleombrotus II)


text: bishop of Winchester

text: Winchester Cathedral

text: Bishop of Winchester

text: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

text: Dunstan

text: Æthelwold of Winchester

text: St. Peter

text: St. Paul

text: Lantfred

text: Wulfstan

text: hagiography

text: Goscelin

text: Hermann

text: bishop of Salisbury

text: Egbert of Wessex

text: Helmstan

text: Æthelwulf

text: Michael Lapidge

text: see

text: Ceolnoth

text: William of Malmesbury

text: Ealhstan

text: Sherborne

text: Thomas Rudborne

text: Rome

text: feast day

text: shrine

text: Old Minster

text: Winchester

text: Middle Ages

text: Canterbury Cathedral

text: Peterborough Abbey

text: Norman

text: Winchester

text: retrochoir

text: tomb

text: demolished

text: English Reformation

text: Æthelwold of Winchester

text: churches

text: Hampshire

text: St Swithun's Church (disambiguation)

text: St Swithun's, Headbourne Worthy

text: lych gate

text: Walcot

text: Lincoln

text: Worcester

text: Norway

text: Stavanger Cathedral

text: City of London

text: St Swithin, London Stone

text: St Swithun's School

text: Magdalen College, Oxford

text: Stavanger

text: Doctor in the House

text: British

text: weather lore

text: proverb

text: James Raine

text: Durham

text: John Earle

text: pagan

text: augury

text: France

text: St. Medard

text: Urban of Langres

text: St. Gervase and St. Protais

text: Flanders

text: St Godelieve

text: Seven Sleepers

text: jet stream

text: British Isles

text: St Andrew's day

text: Guinness Book of Records

text: Saint Swithun in popular culture

text: Andrew Godsell

text: "Guardian" netnotes

categories: 862 deaths,English legendary characters,9th-century Christian saints,Burials at Winchester Cathedral,West Saxon saints,People from Winchester,Bishops of Winchester,Weather lore,History of Winchester,9th-century bishops

paragraph: Swithun

paragraph: Swithun (or Swithin, , ; died 863 AD) was an Anglo-Saxon bishop of Winchester and subsequently patron saint of Winchester Cathedral. His historical importance as bishop is overshadowed by his reputation for posthumous miracle-working. According to tradition, if it rains on Saint Swithin's bridge (Winchester) on his feast day (15 July) it will continue for forty days. The precise meaning and origin of Swithun's name is unknown, but it most likely derives from the Old English word "swiþ", 'strong'.

paragraph: Section::::Recorded life.

paragraph: St Swithun was Bishop of Winchester from his consecration on 30 October 852 until his death on 2 July 863. However, he is scarcely mentioned in any document of his own time. His death is entered in the Canterbury manuscript of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" (MS F) under the year 861. He is recorded as a witness to nine charters, the earliest of which (S 308) is dated 854.

paragraph: More than a hundred years later, when Dunstan and Æthelwold of Winchester were inaugurating their church reform, Swithun was adopted as patron of the restored church at Winchester, formerly dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. His body was transferred from its almost forgotten grave to Æthelwold's new basilica on 15 July 971; according to contemporary writers, numerous miracles preceded and followed the move.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional life.

paragraph: The revival of Swithun's fame gave rise to a mass of legendary literature. The so-called "Vita S. Swithuni" of Lantfred and Wulfstan, written about 1000, hardly contains any biographical fact; all that has in later years passed for authentic detail of Swithun's life is extracted from a late eleventh-century hagiography ascribed to Goscelin of St Bertin's, a monk who came over to England with Hermann, bishop of Salisbury from 1058 to 1078. According to this writer Saint Swithun was born in the reign of Egbert of Wessex, and was ordained priest by Helmstan, bishop of Winchester (838-c. 852). His fame reached the king's ears, and he appointed him tutor of his son, Æthelwulf (alias Adulphus), and considered him one of his chief friends. However, Michael Lapidge describes the work as "pure fiction" and shows that the attribution to Goscelin is false.

paragraph: Under Æthelwulf, Swithun was appointed bishop of Winchester, to which see he was consecrated by Archbishop Ceolnoth. In his new office he was known for his piety and his zeal in building new churches or restoring old ones. At his request Æthelwulf gave the tenth of his royal lands to the Church. Swithun made his diocesan journeys on foot; when he gave a banquet he invited the poor and not the rich. William of Malmesbury adds that, if Bishop Ealhstan of Sherborne was Æthelwulf's minister for temporal matters, Swithun was the minister for spiritual matters.

paragraph: Swithun's best known miracle was his restoration on a bridge of a basket of eggs that workmen had maliciously broken. Of stories connected with Swithun the two most famous are those of the Winchester egg-woman and Queen Emma's ordeal. The former is to be found in the hagiography attributed to Goscelin, the latter in Thomas Rudborne's "Historia major" (15th century), a work which is also responsible for the not improbable legend that Swithun accompanied Alfred on his visit to Rome in 856. He died on 2 July 862. On his deathbed Swithin begged that he should be buried outside the north wall of his cathedral where passers-by should pass over his grave and raindrops from the eaves drop upon it.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Swithun's feast day in England is on 15 July and in Norway (and formerly in medieval Wales) on 2 July. He was moved from his grave to an indoor shrine in the Old Minster at Winchester in 971. His body was probably later split between a number of smaller shrines. His head was certainly detached and, in the Middle Ages, taken to Canterbury Cathedral. Peterborough Abbey had an arm. His main shrine was transferred into the new Norman cathedral at Winchester in 1093. He was installed on a 'feretory platform' above and behind the high altar. The retrochoir was built in the early 13th century to accommodate the huge numbers of pilgrims wishing to visit his shrine and enter the 'holy hole' beneath him. His empty tomb in the ruins of the Old Minster was also popular with visitors. The shrine was only moved into the retrochoir itself in 1476. It was demolished in 1538 during the English Reformation. A modern representation of it now stands on the site.

paragraph: The shrine of Swithun at Winchester was supposedly a site of numerous miracles in the Middle Ages. Æthelwold of Winchester ordered that all monks were to stop whatever they were doing and head to the church to praise God every time that a miracle happened. A story exists that the monks at some point got so fed up with this, because they sometimes had to wake up and go to the church three or four times each night, that they decided to stop going. St Swithun then appeared in a dream to someone (possibly two people) and warned them that if they stopped going to the church, then miracles would cease. This person (or persons) then warned the monks about the dream they had, and the monks then caved in and decided to go to the church each time a miracle happened again.

paragraph: Section::::Patronage.

paragraph: Swithun is regarded as one of the saints to whom one should pray in the event of drought.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Many churches dedicated to St Swithun can be found throughout the south of England, especially in Hampshire – see list St Swithun's Church (disambiguation). An example is St Swithun's, Headbourne Worthy, to the north of Winchester. This church is surrounded on three sides by a brook that flows from a spring in the village; the lych gate on the south side is also a bridge over the brook, which is unusual. Other churches dedicated to St Swithun can be found at Walcot, Lincoln, Worcester and western Norway, where Stavanger Cathedral is dedicated to him. He is also commemorated at St Swithin's Lane in the City of London (site of the former church of St Swithin, London Stone), St Swithun's School for girls in Winchester and St Swithun's quadrangle in Magdalen College, Oxford. In Stavanger, Norway, several schools and institutions are named “St Svithun” after him.

paragraph: It can be assumed that the fictitious St Swithin's Hospital in the British comedy series "Doctor in the House", is also named after this Saint.

paragraph: Section::::Proverb.

paragraph: The name of Swithun is best known today for a British weather lore proverb, which says that if it rains on St. Swithun's day, 15 July, it will rain for 40 days.

paragraph: A Buckinghamshire variation has

paragraph: Swithun was initially buried out of doors, rather than in his cathedral, apparently at his own request. William of Malmesbury recorded that the bishop left instructions that his body should be buried outside the church, "ubi et pedibus praetereuntium et stillicidiis ex alto rorantibus esset obnoxius" [where it might be subject to the feet of passers-by and to the raindrops pouring from on high], which has been taken as indicating that the legend was already well known in the 12th century.

paragraph: In 971 it was decided to move his body to a new indoor shrine, and one theory traces the origin of the legend to a heavy shower by which, on the day of the move, the saint marked his displeasure towards those who were removing his remains. This story, however, cannot be traced further back than the 17th or 18th century. Also, it is at variance with the 10th century writers, who all agreed that the move took place in accordance with the saint's desire expressed in a vision. James Raine suggested that the legend was derived from the tremendous downpour of rain that occurred, according to the Durham chroniclers, on St. Swithun's Day, 1315.

paragraph: John Earle suggests that the legend comes from a pagan or possibly prehistoric day of augury. In France, St. Medard (8 June), Urban of Langres, and St. Gervase and St. Protais (19 June) are credited with an influence on the weather almost identical with that attributed to St Swithun in England. In Flanders, there is St Godelieve (6 July) and in Germany the Seven Sleepers' Day (27 June). There is a scientific basis to the weather pattern behind the legend of St Swithun's day. Around the middle of July, the jet stream settles into a pattern which, in the majority of years, holds reasonably steady until the end of August. When the jet stream lies north of the British Isles then continental high pressure is able to move in; when it lies across or south of the British Isles, Arctic air and Atlantic weather systems predominate.

paragraph: A similarly themed proverb exists in Swedish, in which a mild and rainy 30 November (St Andrew's day) means a cold Christmas period, and vice versa.

paragraph: The most false that the prediction has been, according to the Guinness Book of Records, were 1924 when 13.5 hours of sunshine in London were followed by 30 of the next 40 days being wet, and 1913 when a 15-hour rainstorm was followed by 30 dry days of 40.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Swithun in popular culture

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Godsell "Saint Swithin and the Rain" in "Legends of British History" (2008).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aelfric, and Geoffrey Ivor Needham. Lives of Three English Saints. N.Y.: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966. Series: Methuen's old English library. 119 pages. OCLC: 422028061.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blakely, Ruth Margaret. St. Swithun of Winchester: An Investigation into the Literature Relating to His Life, Legends and Cult. Thesis (FLA) -- Library Association 1981, n.d. OCLC: 557018780.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bussby, Frederick. Saint Swithun: Patron Saint of Winchester. Winchester: Friends of Winchester Cathedral, 1971. OCLC: 7477761.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davidson, George, and John Faed. Legend of St. Swithin: A Rhyme for Rainy Weather. London: Hamilton, Adams, 1861. OCLC: 16140471.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deshman, Robert, "Saint Swithun in Early Medieval Art," in Idem, "Eye and Mind: Collected Essays in Anglo-Saxon and Early Medieval Art" Edited by Adam Cohen (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 2010) (Publications of the Richard Rawlinson Center).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fridegodus, A. Campbell, Eddius Stephanus, Wulfstan, and Lamfridus. Frithegodi monachi Breviloquium vitae Beati Wilfredi, et Wulfstani cantoris Narratio metrica de Sancto Swithuno. Turici: In Aedibus Thesauri Mundi, 1950. 183 pages. Notes: Fridegodus' work is a versification of the Vita Sancti Wilfredi I, usually attributed to Eddi. Wulfstan's work is a versification of Lamfridus' Miracula Sancti Swithuni. OCLC: 62612752.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swithun, and John Earle. Facsimile of Some Leaves in Saxon Handwriting on St. Swithun, Copied by Photozincography, with Literal Translation and Notes. 1861. 20 pages. OCLC: 863315099.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolstanus Wintonensis, Michael Huber, and Lamfridus. S. Swithinus, miracula metrica, I. Text; beitrag zur altenglischen geschichte und literatur. Landshut: J. Thomann'sche buch-u. kunstdruckerei, 1905. 105 pages. Notes: Programm—Humanistisches Gymnasium Metten. A versification of Lantfred's work. OCLC: 669193.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yorke, Barbara. "Swithun [St Swithun] (d. 863)." "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford University Press, 2004.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guardian" netnotes on St. Swithin's Day

paragraph: BULLET::::- BBC "Landward" feature on St. Swithin's Day

alias:
Swithin
Saint Swithun
Saint Swithin

description: Bishop of Winchester

wikidata_label: Swithun

wikipedia_title: Swithun


text: Dutch

text: early modern period

text: Vrije Universiteit

text: Groningen

text: Dutch Golden Age

text: Jacobus Arminius

text: Franciscus Gomarus

text: William the Silent

text: Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange

text: Vrije Universiteit

text: Michiel de Ruyter

text: secularization

text: Huizinga Lecture

text: Isaäc da Costa

text: Johan Huizinga

text: Oegstgeest

categories: 1931 births,Dutch historians,Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam faculty,Dutch Calvinist and Reformed Christians,People from Groningen (city),2011 deaths

paragraph: Arie van Deursen

paragraph: Arie Theodorus van Deursen (23 June 1931 – 21 November 2011) was a Dutch historian whose focus was the early modern period. He was Professor Emeritus of History at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. He was a specialist in Dutch history of the 16th and 17th century.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Arie van Deursen was born at Groningen. He was a prolific author with a refined style. He has written several books about daily life in the Dutch Golden Age, religious controversies in the 16th and 17th century (Jacobus Arminius versus Franciscus Gomarus) and the political situation of that period; he wrote biographies of William the Silent and Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, a history of the Vrije Universiteit, a history of the Netherlands (1555–1702), a biography of Michiel de Ruyter and several volumes of collected essays.

paragraph: As an orthodox Protestant Christian, Van Deursen was heavily involved in polemics about the history of secularization and its consequences. In his Huizinga Lecture, "Huizinga en de geest der eeuw" (Huizinga and the spirit of the age) Van Deursen compared the critical evaluation of the secularization by Isaäc da Costa and Johan Huizinga. Van Deursen died in Oegstgeest on 21 November 2011, aged 80.

paragraph: He was member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

paragraph: Section::::Books (Dutch).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Professions et métiers interdits: Un aspect de l'histoire de la révocation de l'Édit de Nantes", Groningen: Wolters, 1960 (doctoral thesis)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Honni soit qui mal y pense? De Republiek tussen de mogendheden (1610–1612)", Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bavianen en slijkgeuzen: Kerk en kerkvolk ten tijde van Maurits en Oldenbarnevelt", Assen: Van Gorcum, 1974 ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mensen van klein vermogen: Het kopergeld van de Gouden Eeuw", Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1991 (). Translated into English: "Plain lives in the Golden Age. Popular culture, religion and society in seventeenth-century Holland." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Volume 1, Het dagelijks brood"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Volume 2, Volkscultuur"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Volume 3, Volk en overheid"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Volume 4, Hel en hemel"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Een dorp in de polder: Graft in de zeventiende eeuw", Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Willem van Oranje: een biografisch portret", Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Bataafse revolutie (1795–1995)", Apeldoorn: Willem de Zwijgerstichting, 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geleefd geloven: geschiedenis van de protestantse vroomheid in Nederland" (coauthor: G.J. Schutte), Assen: Van Gorcum, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maurits van Nassau, 1567-1625: de winnaar die faalde", Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rust niet voordat gy ze van buiten kunt: de Tien Geboden in de 17e eeuw", Kampen: De Groot Goudriaan, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De last van veel geluk: De geschiedenis van Nederland 1555-1702", Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2004 ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Een hoeksteen in het verzuilde bestel: De Vrije Universiteit 1880-2005", Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2005 ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De admiraal: De wereld van Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter", Franeker: Van Wijnen, 2007 ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Katwijk is alles anders. Een christelijk dorp ontmoet de wereld, 1940-2005". Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, 2011.

description: Dutch historian

wikidata_label: Arie van Deursen

wikipedia_title: Arie van Deursen


text:
Die Heuwels Fantasties
Die Antwoord
Francois Van Coke
Snoop Dogg
Doggystyle
T-Pain
Die Heuwels Fantasties
Kyknet
Fokofpolisiekar
Van Coke Kartel
EP
USB flash drives
music videos
Jackparow.com Official Website

categories: Afrikaner people,White South African people,South African rappers,Alternative hip hop musicians,Musicians from Cape Town,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Jack Parow

paragraph: Zander Tyler (born February 22, 1982), better known under his stage name Jack Parow, is a South African rapper. Collaborations with other South African artists include Die Heuwels Fantasties, Die Antwoord and Francois Van Coke.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Parow wanted to be a rapper since he was in primary school. He used to rap with friend Keagan Cloete aka "cutie cloete", citing Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle as an initial inspiration as well as the likes of T-Pain. Although he started rapping in English, he soon decided that he preferred Afrikaans.

paragraph: His first hit came with the single "Cooler as Ekke" and "jeffalingaling", which was promoted by friends in Die Heuwels Fantasties, He collaborated with them on their song "Die Vraagstuk". He has since released four studio albums and toured around the world.

paragraph: Jack Parow has 11 chickens, one of which is named Tinker-Bell. They live in a double story chicken coop in his back garden and are fed imported worms from Switzerland. In 2015 Parow released a biography, "Die Ou Met die Snor by die Bar", authored by local artist Theunis Engelbrecht.

paragraph: In 2016 Parow and his friend Hardus van Deventer shot a nine episode TV series titled "Dis Hoe Ons Rol", which aired from July to August 2016 on the Kyknet premium TV channel. Filming took place as two legs over 30 days, during which Parow performed in each of South Africa's nine provinces at least once.

paragraph: In January 2017 Parow launched his own brandy product known as Parow Brandy.

paragraph: He is currently managed by Fokofpolisiekar and Van Coke Kartel member, Wynand Myburgh.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Parow has a daughter, Ruby Tyler, born in 2012 to his long-term girlfriend, Jenna Pietersen. Ruby was the inspiration for Parow's 2014 song "Dis Befok", and video footage for the 2016 remix of the song was shot by her via a chest-mounted camera.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Jack Parow's first release was the "Cooler as ekke" EP in December 2009. It was released as a limited edition of 600 ice-creamcone-shaped USB flash drives and featured 10 songs and six music videos.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio Albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jack Parow" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eksie Ou" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nag Van Die Lang Pette" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dis Hoe Ons Rol" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Afrika 4 Beginners" (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Extended Plays

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cooler as Ekke" EP (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From Parow with Love" EP (2016)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jackparow.com Official Website

description: rapper

wikidata_label: Jack Parow

wikipedia_title: Jack Parow


text:
Resonance FM
Malice Aforethought Press
Max Décharné
Ellis Sharp
The Guardian
literary nonsense
Max Ernst
Bonzo Doo-Dah
David Langford
Ralph 124C 41+
steampunk
Edmund Baxter
Resonance FM
Resonance FM
Jubilate Agno
Christopher Smart
Escape Pod
Pseudopod
PodCastle
Norm Sherman
Drabblecast
Hooting Yard
The Hooting Yard 2003–2007 Archives

categories: British humorists,British writers,Living people,British broadcasters

paragraph: Frank Key

paragraph: Frank Key is a British writer, blogger and broadcaster best known for his self-published short-story collections and his long-running radio series Hooting Yard on the Air, which has been broadcast weekly on Resonance FM since April 2004. Key co-founded the Malice Aforethought Press with Max Décharné and published the fiction of Ellis Sharp.

paragraph: Section::::Critical reception.

paragraph: The Guardian's literature columnist Sam Jordison has described Frank Key as one of the most prolific living writers of literary nonsense. The Guardian's David Stubbs wrote that Frank's prose "reminds of Max Ernst engravings gone Bonzo Doo-Dah". The SF critic David Langford wrote "Frank Key's lumbering machinery is like nothing since Ralph 124C 41+ and other pillars of SF's wooden age, only more decrepit. He may even conceivably be writing steampunk.". Edmund Baxter, the director of programming for Resonance FM wrote "Frank Key is one of the most important writers in English today".

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Prior to 2006 Key's published work consisted almost entirely of short-run, self-published pamphlets. All of these original printed releases are out of print. Some of these books have become collector's items which have traded at many times their original value. In 2009 Key began re-publishing stories from his small-press releases. The most recent publication, "We Were Puny, They Were Vapid", includes the short stories "The Phlogiston Variations" and "The Book of Gnats," which were originally published in the Massacre anthology series.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:Out of Print.

paragraph: In 1986, inspired by the postpunk DIY ethic, Key founded the Malice Aforethought Press with Max Décharné. Over the next few years they published a large number of short-run pamphlets.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.:In Print.

paragraph: In 2003 Key launched "Hooting Yard", originally intended as an internet archive of his writing. In addition he has released six volumes of stories which originally appeared on his web-site.

paragraph: In 2014, Key published "By Aerostat to Hooting Yard - A Frank Key Reader", a selection of 147 previously published stories, with an introductory essay by Roland Clare.

paragraph: Section::::Broadcasting.

paragraph: Section::::Broadcasting.:Resonance FM.

paragraph: Key has broadcast weekly on Resonance FM, since 14 April 2004 when his show "Hooting Yard on the Air" was first commissioned. The programme is broadcast live from Resonance FM's studios and consists almost entirely of Key narrating his own short stories and observations. "Hooting Yard" is the longest continuously running series on Resonance FM, with only the ClearSpot Show (which is technically not a series) having existed on the schedules for longer.

paragraph: Resonance has broadcast a number of "Hooting Yard" special episodes. In December 2007 Key and the performance artist Germander Speedwell performed the whole of Jubilate Agno., an epic devotional poem by Christopher Smart This was the first and only time that this poem has been performed in its entirety on live radio. The entire performance was in excess of three hours.

paragraph: Key appears in Episode 3 of Resonance FM's Tunnel Vision, a series recorded entirely in the sewers under London.

paragraph: Section::::Broadcasting.:Podcasting.

paragraph: Key has narrated for all of the Escape Artists podcasts: Escape Pod, Pseudopod, and PodCastle. In addition his short stories "Bubbles Surge from Froth", "Boiled Black Broth and Cornets", and "Far Far Away" have been performed by Norm Sherman on the short-fiction series Drabblecast.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hooting Yard: Frank Key's Weblog, which includes transcripts of his radio shows;

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hooting Yard 2003–2007 Archives, including serialisations of some of Frank Key's novellas.

description: British writer and broadcaster

wikidata_label: Frank Key

wikipedia_title: Frank Key


text:
disciple
Saint Benedict
patrician
Subiaco
God
Rule of St. Benedict
oblate
Saint Gregory the Great
drowning
Saint Maurus
lake
Monte Cassino
Vallombrosa
Litany of the Saints
Codex
Messina
Biancavilla
Castel di Lucio
Montecarotto
Poggio Imperiale
Easton, Pennsylvania
Italian
Labor Day
Holy Cross
Santo Stefano di Camastra
Peter the Deacon
monk
Hippolyte Delehaye
earlier Placitus or Placidus
Sicily
Diocletian
martyrologies
martyr
Saracen
Moslem invasions of Sicily
Bollandists
1969 revision
General Roman Calendar
St. Benedict's Abbey
The Holy Rule of St. Benedict
Benedictine College

categories: Italian Benedictines,Medieval Italian saints,Benedictine saints,6th-century Christian saints,Benedictine spirituality,Italian Christian monks,History of Catholic monasticism,6th-century deaths

paragraph: Saint Placidus

paragraph: Saint Placidus (also known as Saint Placid) was a disciple of Saint Benedict. He was the son of the patrician Tertullus, was brought as a child to St. Benedict at Sublaqueum (Subiaco) and dedicated to God as provided for in chapter 69 of the Rule of St. Benedict (oblate).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Placidus was the eldest son of the patrician Tertullus. When he was about eight years old, his father placed him under the care of St. Benedict at Subiaco, to be educated. Saint Gregory the Great ("Dialogues", II, vii) relates an account of Placidus being rescued from drowning by his fellow monk, Saint Maurus, when, at Saint Benedict's order ran across the surface of the lake below the monastery and drew Placidus safely to shore. It appears certain that he accompanied Saint Benedict when, about 529, he removed to Monte Cassino, which was said to have been made over to him by the father of Placidus.

paragraph: Of his later life nothing is known, but in an ancient "psalterium" at Vallombrosa his name is found in the Litany of the Saints placed among the confessors immediately after those of Saint Benedict and Saint Maurus; the same occurs in Codex CLV at Subiaco, attributed to the ninth century.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: He is venerated together with Saint Maurus on 5 October.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.:Patronage.

paragraph: He is the co-patron of Messina along with the Madonna of the Letter, and is the official patron of Biancavilla, Castel di Lucio, Montecarotto, and Poggio Imperiale. Because a large portion of Easton, Pennsylvania's Italian community originally came from Castel di Lucio, Saint Placidus is given particular veneration with an annual parade through South Side on the Sunday before Labor Day. The Sunday after is the Feast of the Holy Cross, celebrated by immigrants from the neighboring town of Santo Stefano di Camastra.

paragraph: Section::::Confusion with another Placidus.

paragraph: There seems now to be no doubt that the "Passio S. Placidi", purporting to be written by one Gordianus, a servant of the saint, on the strength of which he is usually described as abbot and martyr, is really the work of Peter the Deacon, a monk of Monte Cassino in the twelfth century (see Hippolyte Delehaye).

paragraph: The writer seems to have begun by confusing Saint Placidus with the earlier Placitus or Placidus, who, with Euticius and thirty companions, was martyred in Sicily under Diocletian, their feast occurring in the earlier martyrologies on 5 October. Having thus made Saint Placidus a martyr, he proceeds to account for this by attributing his martyrdom to Saracen invaders from Spain - an utter anachronism in the sixth century but quite a possible blunder if the "Acta" were composed after the Moslem invasions of Sicily. The whole question is discussed by the Bollandists.

paragraph: The study that accompanied the 1969 revision of the General Roman Calendar states: "Saint Placidus, the disciple of Saint Benedict, is now universally distinguished from Saint Placidus, the unknown martyr in Sicily".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Benedict's Abbey - Benedictine Brothers and Fathers in America's Heartland

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Holy Rule of St. Benedict - Online translation by the Rev. Boniface Verheyen, O.S.B., of St. Benedict's Abbey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benedictine College - Dynamically Catholic, Benedictine, Liberal Arts, and Residential

description: Benedictine monk

wikidata_label: Saint Placidus

wikipedia_title: Saint Placidus


text:
Latin
Doge of Venice
Ravenna
Byzantine Empire
Eraclea
Marcello Tegalliano
iconoclasm
Lombards
bow
crossbow
Ravenna
Liutprand
Exarch Eutychius
Emperor Leo the Isaurian
hypatos
Eraclea
Equilio
magistri militum
Domenico Leoni
office of doge
Teodato
Norwich, John Julius
Alfred A. Knopf
New York
Charles Knight
London
E. P. Dutton
New York

categories: Byzantine Empire–Republic of Venice relations,8th-century Doges of Venice,726 births,Assassinated Italian politicians

paragraph: Orso Ipato

paragraph: Orso Ipato (Latin: "Ursus Hypatus"; died 737) was the third traditional Doge of Venice (726–737) and the first historically known. During his eleven-year reign, he brought great change to the Venetian navy, aided in the recapture of Ravenna from Lombard invaders, and cultivated harmonious relations with the Byzantine Empire. He was murdered in 737 during the midst of a civil conflict.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Perhaps a native of Eraclea, Orso was elected Doge in 726 following the death of Marcello Tegalliano. The Venetian people had elected him against the will of the Byzantine Empire, a consequence of the Byzantines' unwelcome attempts to institute iconoclasm in the West. Virtually nothing is known of his life before his accession, though it is reasonable to assume that he was born in the latter part of the seventh century.

paragraph: Described by one historian as being a 'warlike man', his reign saw much innovation in the way of martial and naval matters. He focused especially on strengthening the navy against the Lombards and other like-minded invaders active at the time. Additionally he strove to highlight the importance of military exercises, and to this end established schools in Eraclea where the town's youth were coached in bow and crossbow shooting.

paragraph: Of note was Orso's involvement in the recovery of Ravenna following its capture by the Lombard king Liutprand. It is said that, at the request of Exarch Eutychius, Orso sent a fleet of eighty ships to the fore, successfully relieving the city of Lombard control. This feat served to ease relations with the Byzantine Empire, and while Venice by no means accepted its supremacy, the two co-existed in relative concord. For his efforts Orso was rewarded by Emperor Leo the Isaurian the prestigious title "hypatos". The surname "Ipato" is thought to be derived from this imperial honorific.

paragraph: His reign came to an end in 737 in the midst of mounting conflict between Eraclea and Equilio, described by some as being a full-blown civil war. It is said that the Doge, rather than attempt to calm the situation, sided with the Eracleans and partook in the war – leading a number of his disgruntled subjects to take matters into their own hands and violently kill him. In the years following his death there was an interregnum filled by five "magistri militum", the first of these being Domenico Leoni. The office of doge was later restored with the election of Orso's son, Teodato, in 742.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwich, John Julius. "A History of Venice". Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge: Volume 26". Charles Knight: London, 1843.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wiel, Alethea. "The Navy of Venice". E. P. Dutton: New York, 1910.

description: third Venetian doge (but first one to be historically attested)

wikidata_label: Orso Ipato

wikipedia_title: Orso Ipato


text: American

text: Los Angeles

text: Pasadena

text: University of California, Berkeley

text: University of Colorado at Boulder

text: Wilshire Boulevard

text: rotator cuff

text: Little Armenia, Los Angeles

text: California College of the Arts

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles

text: UCLA Hammer Museum

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: Portland Art Museum

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago

text: P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center

text: Museum am Ostwall

text: Dortmund

text: Neuer Aachener Kunstverein

text: Royal Academy

text: Carnegie International

text: Whitney Biennial

text: Broad Art Foundation

text: Hammer Museum

text: Carnegie Museum of Art

text: Cleveland Museum of Art

text: Des Moines Art Center

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Walker Art Center

text: Los Angeles County Museum of Art

text: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

text: Stedelijk Museum

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: amfAR

text: Tomma Abts

text: Wade Guyton

text: Eileen Quinlan

text: Christie's

text: Sotheby's

text: Gagosian Gallery

text: Blum and Poe

text: MOCA

text: Phillips de Pury & Company

text: California Resale Royalty Act

text: Mark Grotjahn : Anton Kern Gallery

text: Mark Grotjahn - Blum and Poe

text: Mark Grotjahn

text: Kadist Art Foundation

categories: 20th-century American painters,Artists from Los Angeles,Artists from Pasadena, California,American male painters,American abstract artists,American contemporary artists,1968 births,Tamalpais High School alumni,Living people

paragraph: Mark Grotjahn

paragraph: Mark Grotjahn (born 1968) is an American painter best known for abstract work and bold geometric paintings. Grotjahn lives and works in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Grotjahn was born in Pasadena, but grew up in the Bay Area. His father Michael, a psychiatrist, had emigrated from Berlin, Germany in 1936. He received his MFA from the University of California, Berkeley, and his BFA from the University of Colorado at Boulder. In 1995, he was an artist-in-residence at the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in Madison, Maine. When he moved to Los Angeles in 1996, he opened a gallery called Room 702 in Hollywood with his classmate Brent Petersen and started showing and working with other artists. Despite an invitation to move into the 6150 complex on Wilshire Boulevard—which already housed other renowned galleries—Room 702 closed after less than two years, and Grotjahn became a full-time artist.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: In the mid-1990s, Grotjahn began working on a stream of densely worked colored pencil drawings, followed by oil paintings, which focused on perspective investigations such as dual and multiple vanishing points. The way Grotjahn paints grew out of conceptual sign making; he would faithfully reproduce peculiar graphics and phrases from local storefronts in his native Los Angeles. He would then trade these handmade copies to the storeowners in exchange for the original signage.

paragraph: Later Grotjahn began working with colored pencils to develop "perspective drawings" and then perspectival paintings. In his multi-colored drawings, Grotjahn's working method is systematic and rigorous but also allows for intuition and chance. He first begins by mapping out the triangular radii in black pencil. For each work in this series of drawings, Grotjahn then sets aside the required number of color pencils, choosing colors that "hold together" in value and intensity. Having laid them next to him, he chooses one pencil at random and uses it to color in a single, pre-segmented wing section.

paragraph: Since 1997, Grotjahn has been exploring the radiant motif in his paintings and drawings. This sustained investigation is illustrated in his "Butterfly" series Here, he draws on Renaissance perspectival techniques for the structures and subjects of his multiple-vanishing-point butterfly patterns in order to create the illusion that his geometries stretch, shrink, approach, and recede. While they appear at first glance to be rigidly formal and graphic, the "Butterfly Paintings" essentially consist of a radiating sequence of parallel lines are executed in thick oil in such a way that an illusion of perspective is generated by the painting's butterfly form. The horizontal and vertical lines are rarely, if ever, horizontal or perpendicular to the edges of the canvas.

paragraph: Grotjahn stopped painting the "Butterfly" works in 2008, after tearing his rotator cuff and breaking a shoulder bone after hitting an ice patch in a ski accident. As he could not paint for more than two hours at a time, he discovered less intensive ways of painting. A series of large, vertical "Face Paintings" is based on the simple geometric structure of eyes, nose, and mouth. Using sheets of cardboard that are primed and mounted on linen as the ground, Grotjahn employs brush and palette knife to extensively build layer upon layer of oil paint to almost sculptural ends.

paragraph: Grotjahn's mask sculptures extend the artist's idiosyncratic investment in the process and ritual of painting into three dimensions. Cast in bronze from spontaneous cardboard assemblages and often painted with the fingers, most of them rest on pedestals, while a few are wall-mounted, referring directly to painting.

paragraph: Grotjahn maintains a studio in Little Armenia, Los Angeles. In 2011/12, he was Visiting Scholar at the California College of the Arts, San Francisco. In 2014, he joined the board of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles as an artist trustee.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Grotjahn's solo exhibitions include shows at UCLA Hammer Museum in Los Angeles (2005); the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York (2006); and the Portland Art Museum, Oregon. His work has been exhibited in group exhibitions at galleries and museums such as the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center in New York, Museum am Ostwall, Dortmund, and Neuer Aachener Kunstverein, in Germany, and the Royal Academy in London. He was included in the 54th Carnegie International in 2004 and the Whitney Biennial in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broad Art Foundation, Santa Monica, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH

paragraph: BULLET::::- Des Moines Art Center, Des Moines

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rubell Family Collection, Miami, FL

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY

paragraph: Section::::Recognition.

paragraph: Grotjahn is the recipient of the 2003 Penny McCall Foundation Award. In 2011, he was honored with amfAR’s Award of Excellence for Artistic Contributions to the Fight Against AIDS.

paragraph: Section::::Influences.

paragraph: Grotjahn is often regarded as one of many contemporary painters revisiting late Modernism, alongside fellow painters Tomma Abts, Wade Guyton, Eileen Quinlan, Sergei Jensen, and Cheyney Thompson.

paragraph: Section::::Art market.

paragraph: Grotjahn had his first solo shows with Blum & Poe in 1998 and 2000, selling only one artwork from the second show. Demand for Grotjahn's works has climbed steadily in recent years, with prices now typically reaching $500,000 to $800,000. In 2010, Grotjahn's oil on linen painting "Untitled (Lavender Butterfly Jacaranda over Green)" (2004) was sold for $1,5 million against its presale estimate of $500–700,000 at Christie's New York. At Sotheby's New York in May 2015, one bidder paid $6.5 million for Grotjahn’s abstracted face painting, "Untitled (Into and Behind the Green Eyes of the Tiger Monkey Face 43.18)" (2011), against a high estimate of $3 million. On May 17, 2017 a new price record was set for a Grotjahn work at auction when “Untitled (S III Released to France Face 43.14)” was sold for $16.8 million dollars .

paragraph: Grotjahn is represented by Anton Kern Gallery in New York, Gagosian Gallery in London, Blum and Poe Gallery in Los Angeles, Shane Campbell Gallery in Chicago and Kaikai Kiki Gallery in Tokyo.

paragraph: Section::::Art market.:Controversy on royalties.

paragraph: In 2011, Grotjahn sued MOCA trustee Dean Valentine, one of his earliest collectors, to recover a 5% royalty for three artworks that Valentine resold. The biggest sale in dispute took place in 2008 at Phillips de Pury & Company in New York, when Valentine sold "Untitled (Blue Face Grotjahn)" (2005) for $1,217,000, including premium. By Grotjahn's estimation, Valentine had made $3 million by selling the three artworks. After more than a year of court filings and court-ordered mediation, both parties settled the dispute in 2012 over the payment of the resale royalty specified by the California Resale Royalty Act. Valentine agreed to pay Grotjahn $153,255; this figure includes the 5% resale royalty (plus interest) on one painting and one drawing that the collector had bought and resold, amounting to $68,255, plus $85,000 toward Grotjahn’s legal fees.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Grotjahn : Anton Kern Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Grotjahn - Art Works - The Saatchi Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Grotjahn - Blum and Poe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Grotjahn at Kadist Art Foundation

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Mark Grotjahn

wikipedia_title: Mark Grotjahn


text:
Doge of Venice
dogato
Orso Ipato
magister militum
Orso Ipato
Eraclea
Equilio
magister militum
chief magistrate
Domenico Leoni
Felicius Cornicola
Felicius Cornicola's
Jovian Ceparius
Giovanni Fabriciaco
seat of government
Eraclea
Malamocco
Lombards
Paolo Lucio Anafesto
Galla Gaulo
Hazlitt's
Norwich, John Julius
Alfred A. Knopf
New York
Hazlitt, William Carew
Elder, Smith and Co.
London
George Allen
London

paragraph: Teodato Ipato

paragraph: Teodato Ipato (also Diodato or Deusdedit; ) was Doge of Venice from 742 to 755. With his election came the restoration of the dogato, which had been defunct since the assassination of his father, Orso Ipato. Before his election he had served as "magister militum" in 739.

paragraph: Teodato was the son of Doge Orso Ipato. He was condemned to exile in 737 in the wake of his father's murder, which came perhaps as a complication of a civil conflict between Eraclea and Equilio. The office of doge was subsequently abolished in favour of a "magister militum", denoting in this case a chief magistrate to be replaced yearly. The first to be installed in this role was Domenico Leoni, who at the end of his twelve-month term was replaced by Felicius Cornicola. It was under Felicius' administration that Teodato was recalled from exile.

paragraph: After returning home, Teodato is said to have gained the favour of the Venetian electors, and in 739, he was thus selected as Felicius Cornicola's successor. At the end of his term he was himself replaced by Jovian Ceparius, having failed to procure re-election; and Jovian, at his term's end, was succeeded by Giovanni Fabriciaco, who took office in 741. Fabriciaco's appointment would prove disastrous: some months into his term an uprising took hold, and consequently he was ousted from office, blinded, and driven into exile. Most historians put this at around 742. Teodato, said to have been complicit in Fabriciaco's downfall, was later by popular vote appointed Doge, marking the end of the interregnum which had lasted from 737–42.

paragraph: Under Teodato, Venice's seat of government was moved from Eraclea to Malamocco. Also during his reign came the renewal of an age-old treaty with the Lombards, first composed in the reign of Paolo Lucio Anafesto, and an earthquake which is said to have flooded parts of Venice. His reign came to an end in 755 when he was deposed and blinded at the instigation of Galla Gaulo, who was subsequently elected Doge.

paragraph: An alternative view of Teodato's fate, as described in Hazlitt's "History of the Venetian Republic", is that rather than being blinded and deposed, he was instead murdered by adherents of Galla Gaulo.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwich, John Julius. "A History of Venice". Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hazlitt, William Carew. "History of the Venetian Republic: Her Rise, Her Greatness, and Her Civilization". Elder, Smith and Co.: London, 1860.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hodgson, Francis Cotterell. "The early history of Venice, from the foundation to the conquest of Constantinople, A.D. 1204". George Allen: London, 1901.

alias:
Diodato
Deusdedit
Theodatus Ursus

description: doge of Venice

wikidata_label: Teodato Ipato

wikipedia_title: Teodato Ipato


text:
Doge of Venice
Teodato Ipato
Byzantine Empire
Carolingian dynasty
Barozzi
Norwich, John Julius
Alfred A. Knopf

paragraph: Galla Gaulo

paragraph: Galla Lupanio or Gaulo was the fifth traditional Doge of Venice (755–756).

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Gaulo was elected to the throne after deposing and blinding his predecessor, Teodato Ipato.

paragraph: Galla came to power at a time when there were three clear factions in Venice: the pro-Byzantine faction supported a strong doge and close political relations with the Byzantine Empire; the pro-Frankish party supported moving closer to the new Carolingian dynasty (enemies of Lombards and Greeks); and the republican party wished to assert as much independence as possible and to remain outside any larger power's sphere of influence. Galla was probably pro-Frankish.

paragraph: He barely survived on the throne for a year before he was deposed, blinded, and exiled as Teodato had been. He is regarded as the traditional founder of the Barozzi family.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwich, John Julius. "A History of Venice". Alfred A. Knopf: New York City, 1982.

description: venitian doge

wikidata_label: Galla Gaulo

wikipedia_title: Galla Gaulo


text:
Oslo
Norwegian
nordic combined
Byåsen IL
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
2005
2007
2009
Winter Olympics
Turin
2006
Holmenkollen ski festival
Norwegian Queen
Pirates of the Caribbean
Johnny Depp
Holmenkollen winners since 1892

categories: Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners,Nordic combined skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics,1985 births,Nordic combined skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Norway,Norwegian male Nordic combined skiers,FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined,Living people

paragraph: Petter Tande

paragraph: Petter Laukslett Tande (born 11 June 1985 in Oslo) is a Norwegian former nordic combined skier who has been competing between 2002 and 2011, representing Byåsen IL. He has three medals in the 4 x 5 km team event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, with a gold (2005) and two bronzes (2007, 2009).

paragraph: Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of fourth in the 15 km individual event at Turin in 2006.

paragraph: He has six career World Cup victories, including twice at the Holmenkollen ski festival (Individual: 2006, sprint: 2008).

paragraph: Section::::Personal information.

paragraph: Petter Tande is 180 cm, weighs 68 kg. His birthday is the same as the Norwegian Queen. He has got blue eyes and brown hair. He loves watching movies, including "Pirates of the Caribbean", and anything of action and western movies. His favourite actor is Johnny Depp. His family consists of mom Marianne and dad Torbjørn, and sister Ina Laukslett Tande.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holmenkollen winners since 1892 - click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file

description: Norwegian Nordic skier

wikidata_label: Petter Tande

wikipedia_title: Petter Tande


text:
Braz Fernandes
Chorão Island
Ivan Trayling
Henry Heras
Mangal Das Pakvasa
United States Information Service

categories: 1951 deaths,20th-century Indian historians,1881 births,Scientists from Goa,People of Chorão (Island)

paragraph: Braz Anthony Fernandes

paragraph: Braz Anthony Fernandes was a well-known historian and the founder of the Bombay Historical Society.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: He was born in Goa on 1 August 1881 and came to Bombay at the age of eight.

paragraph: Fernandes married Eugénie Esther Cordeiro in 1911 and had five children - Albert Anthony Gabriel, Barbara Angela, Charlotte Mary Sophie, Domnic Claudius and Ernest Braz.

paragraph: His grandfather was Braz Fernandes from Chorão Island and his granddaughter (from Charlotte) Bernadette Simmons, who married Ivan Trayling.

paragraph: Albert had two children: Vijay and Leela.

paragraph: Barbara had no children, but was an excellent aunt.

paragraph: Charlotte had one daughter: Bernadette.

paragraph: Dominic Claudius Fernandes married Olga Cecilia Pereira and had three children: John Claud Fernandes, Jeanne Claudette Fernandes and Indira Maria Fernandes.

paragraph: Ernest had one daughter: Eugénie.

paragraph: Section::::Historian.

paragraph: Fernandes, though a mechanical engineer by training, had various interests and studied botany, zoology, ornithology and knew painting and music. His main pursuit though was history, particularly the local history of Bombay. He spent many years delving into the records of Bombay from 17th to 19th centuries by collecting valuable data from church archives and graveyards, and obtaining Portuguese records of Bombay.

paragraph: The Times of India stated, "what he did not know about Bombay was not worth knowing."

paragraph: He co-founded the Bombay Historical Society in 1925 along with Henry Heras, which grew from strength-to-strength. The society started publishing its own journal in 1928 and in 1931 organised the first Bombay Historical Congress, which brought scholars from all over India and paved the way for the Indian History Congress.

paragraph: One of his major contributions was the Annual Bibliography of Indian History and Indology, which he started in 1938 and contained five volumes. This monumental work was appreciated by scholars both in India and abroad. As a result he was awarded the Bombay Historical Society's gold medal by the President of the Indian History Congress in 1947.

paragraph: He was also the author of Bandra Its Religious and Secular History, the most authoritative book on the area even today. It gives the history of Bandra, its topography and a description of its antiquities dating from the days of the Portuguese.

paragraph: He was a Fellow of the Geographical Society of Lisbon and a Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Braz A. Fernandes died in June 1951, whereupon a condolence meeting of the Bombay Historical Society was held at the Prince of Wales Museum in the Library Room. His Excellency Mangal Das Pakvasa, Governor of Madhya Pradesh and President of the Bombay Historical Society, sent a condolence message on the occasion. Miss G. Samuelson attended the condolence meeting on behalf of the United States Information Service.

description: Indian historian

wikidata_label: Braz Anthony Fernandes

wikipedia_title: Braz Anthony Fernandes


text:
Khnum
ancient Egypt
Great Chief
Oryx nome
Upper Egypt
Amenemhat II
Senusret II
12th Dynasty
Middle Kingdom
Beni Hasan
nomarchs
Khnumhotep I
Men'at Khufu
Nekheb
Eastern Desert
Netjernakht
Hardai
Hathor
Pakhet
politically arranged marriage
Khnumhotep III
high steward
vizier
mayor
Nomarchs of the Oryx nome
portico
Percy Newberry
Osiris
Anubis
treasurer
autobiography
Abydos
Hyksos
maat
harpoon
throwing stick
flail
false door
Old Kingdom
Wolfram Grajetzki
Percy Newberry

categories: Officials of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt,Nomarchs

paragraph: Khnumhotep II

paragraph: Khnumhotep II ("ẖnmw-ḥtp, "Khnum is pleased"") was an ancient Egyptian "Great Chief of the Oryx nome" (the 16th nome of Upper Egypt) during the reign of pharaohs Amenemhat II and Senusret II of the 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom (20th century BCE). He is well known for his tomb at Beni Hasan and its decorations.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and family.

paragraph: He was a member of a powerful family of nomarchs and officials which was likely founded by his grandfather Khnumhotep I and housed in Men'at Khufu. Khnumhotep II held many titles such as "hereditary prince and count, foremost of actions, royal sealer, sole friend, member of the elite, overlord of Nekheb", and also "overseer of the Eastern Desert", a position which he held from Year 19 of Amenemhat II until at least Year 6 of Senusret II i.e. the date which appears in Khnumhotep's tomb. Like most nomarchs of the time he also held some priestly charges.

paragraph: His predecessor as nomarch was probably his relative Netjernakht, and Khnumhotep honored him by building his tomb. His mother was Baqet while his father was an official named Neheri. Khnumhotep had two wives, the main of them was Khety, herself a daughter of the unnamed nomarch of the neighbouring 17th nome with Hardai as capital. Like her husband, Khety held a remarkable number of titles such as "daughter of a governor, king's acquaintance, foremost of actions, lady of the house", and was also a priestess of Hathor and Pakhet. Khnumhotep's secondary wife was Tjat who held few, modest titles such as "sealer, lady of the house" and "one who knows her lord"; she is the only known female sealer at the court of a local governor. Those peculiarities and the fact that both consorts appears several times in Khnumhotep's tomb suggests that the one between him and Khety was likely a politically arranged marriage while Tjat could have been his true love who was appointed "sealer" by him in order to have her closer.

paragraph: From his two consorts, Khnumhotep II had several children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nakht inherited his maternal grandfather's charge of nomarch at Hardai

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khnumhotep IV, followed his father as nomarch of the 16th nome, but does not appear in his father's tomb and is only known by his unfinished tomb at Beni Hasan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khnumhotep III entered to the royal court where he managed to become "high steward" and later "vizier"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Neheri was buried in a small tomb at Beni Hasan where a stela of him was found

paragraph: BULLET::::- another son is known for being a "mayor" in a contiguous nome.

paragraph: For more about Khnumhotep's genealogy, see "Nomarchs of the Oryx nome".

paragraph: Section::::The tomb BH3.

paragraph: Khnumhotep II is buried in Beni Hasan in the rock-cut Tomb 3 (BH3), one of the most notable of the whole necropolis. In ancient times, the tomb would have been approached via a path that was distinguishable by dark brown boulders on either side; the path extended from the open outer court down the hill to the edge of the cultivated land.

paragraph: The tomb is fronted by a columned portico and a small courtyard; the courtyard would have been surrounded by mud-brick walls. The small columned portico is on the west side of the courtyard, directly in front of the tomb entrance. The ceiling of the portico is curved similar to the shape of a segmented barrel. The rock around the doorway leading inside the tomb to the chapel was smoothed and flattened, on which a fourteen line inscription is giving the list of the festal days for the services of funeral offerings, called "percheru", along with the name and titles of Khnumhotep II. The floor of the main chamber (also referred to as the chapel) is sunk into the ground below the level of the open outer court and is descended into by three steps. The chapel is the main chamber cut straight back into the cliff almost symmetrical with 4 columns and two large shafts (that lead to burial chambers) are cut into the floor. These four main columns support a ceiling that is divided by three segmented barrel shapes. These vaults are painted in a pattern that may be referencing a tent. The only light for this chamber would have come from the doorway to the portico and originally a door, between the portico and the chamber, could have been used to close the tomb to the outdoor elements. Percy Newberry notes that the only remain from the inward swinging door is the pivot-hole. On the doorjambs are prayers to Osiris and Anubis above a seated Khnumhotep II who is facing inward. At the back of this main room (east wall) is a small rectangular shine approached by a step about high. Newberry mentions that from his survey of the tomb there was a statue here of a seated Khnumhotep II, but the entire statue had been cut away and only a portion of the seat remains.br

paragraph: On the wall are also depicted Khnumhotep's most notable officials and employees at his local court, which somewhat resemble a downscaled version of the royal court with a local treasurer and many stewards and overseers.

paragraph: In the main chamber there is an autobiography of the deceased; it begins to the left of the entrance to the shrine and runs counterclockwise around the walls of the main chamber, ending to the right of the doorway leading to the shrine. The main types of information included are about the actions Khnumhotep II performed during his lifetime, his family and their lives, as well as the close relationship of his family to the royal house, Khnumhotep’s excellent character, and his request to visitors that offerings are made to him.

paragraph: On the west wall of the chamber are scenes showing mainly the preparations for the funeral and the resurrection of the deceased. This is exemplified by the boat voyages making a connection between Khnumhotep II and the god Osiris. The orientation of the boats within the tomb literally has them travel south to Abydos (right of the entrance) and north to return (left of the entrance). The wall collectively ensures the tomb owner of rebirth in the afterlife where he will be sustained through cult activities.

paragraph: On the eastern end of the north wall there is a large-scale standing figure of Khnumhotep II receiving offerings primarily of several types of animals and birds. What makes this tomb stand out among the 39 large rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan is the well known scene of the "Aamu" group, Asiatic nomadic traders who are sometimes considered Hyksos or at least their forerunners; the group, led by a man called Absha (or Abisha, Abishai), was bringing offerings to the deceased.

paragraph: The west end of the wall has another large-scale figure of Khnumhotep II only here he is facing right and using a bow to hunt in the desert which is on the edge of the Egyptian world, the boundary between order ("maat") and chaos. It has been interpreted that in this scene Khnumhotep II is assuming the role of the king dominating over the chaotic power of the desert.

paragraph: The east wall houses the entrance to the shrine, as well as two large depictions of Khnumhotep II hunting in the marshes, one on the north side and the other on the south side. To the south he is harpooning two fishes and to the north he is fowling with a throwing stick. These hunting in the marshes scenes help protect the deceased in the afterlife as well as guarantee his rebirth through connotations of sexuality. Beneath him, north of the door, there are pictures of several people fishing and beneath him on the south side are representations of fighting boatmen. Collectively this wall represents the perpetual renewal of Khnumhotep II.

paragraph: The fourth wall of this tomb, south wall, was dedicated to the celebration of the cult meal of Khnumhotep II and his wife Khety. The east end of the wall features the deceased seated in front of an offering table covered with offerings holding a flail, traditionally seen as a symbol of royalty or divinity, in his right hand. At the west end of the wall there is an illustration of Khety sitting in front of a full offering table. She is facing left and participating in her husband’s meal presented by his cult. The shrine portrays a smaller version of the offering cult and in many ways can be seen as an expansion from the false door of the Old Kingdom, where a statue inside a niche could have been integrated. The placing of statues in the chapel itself is a new funerary art style that appeared in the Middle Kingdom tombs.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolfram Grajetzki, "Court Officials of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom", London 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Janice Kamrin, "The Cosmos of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hasan". London, England: Kegan Paul International, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Percy Newberry, "Beni Hasan. Part 1". London, England: Kegan Paul, Trench, Tubner & Co., Ltd., 1893.

description: Egyptian nomarch

wikidata_label: Khnumhotep II

wikipedia_title: Khnumhotep II


text:
Crevalcore
Italian
Academy of Fine Arts of Bologna
Giuseppe Badiali
San Giovanni in Persiceto
Giuseppe Mengoni
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
Palazzo Quirinale
Cairo
Palazzo Sanguinetti
Edoardo Breveglieri
Alfredo Tartarini
Augusto Sezanne

categories: 1886 deaths,Italian male painters,Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna faculty,1830 births,19th-century Italian painters,Bolognese painters

paragraph: Gaetano Lodi

paragraph: Gaetano Lodi (Crevalcore, 1830 – 1886) was an Italian painter.

paragraph: He mainly worked in ornamental decoration as well as genre subjects. He was professor of ornamentation at the Academy of Fine Arts of Bologna.

paragraph: He initially trained under Giuseppe Badiali, then Giuseppe Manfredini, and finally Andrea Pesci. He painted ephemeral decorations in 1857 for the visit to Bologna of Pius IX. He also painted various fresco decorations including in the palazzi Rossi and Dal Monte of Bologna, and in 1859 for the Teatro Comunale of San Giovanni in Persiceto.

paragraph: In 1862, he helped decorate the portico and some rooms of the main offices of the Banca d'Italia. In 1864, the architect Giuseppe Mengoni, commissioned some decorations for the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan. This gained him commissions to help decorate the Casino Reale di San Rossore (1870), an octagonal meeting room in the Banca d'Italia in Florence, a stairwell in the Palazzo Quirinale of Rome, and decoration for Palazzo Reale di Torino (scalone). Between 1873 and 1877, he traveled to Cairo in Egypt to paint for the Khedive and other commissions. This allowed him to paint the Sala Egizia of the Palazzo Sanguinetti.

paragraph: Among his pupils are Edoardo Breveglieri, Alfredo Tartarini, and Augusto Sezanne. In 1881 he painted the atrium of the theater in Crevalcore. In this period he became artistic director of the Società Cooperativa delle Ceramiche d'Imola.

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Gaetano Lodi

wikipedia_title: Gaetano Lodi


text:
University of California, Davis
Michigan State
University of Utah
University of Arizona
KeckCAVES
The Stories of Eva Luna
Isabel Allende

categories: 2012 deaths,University of California, Davis faculty,University of Arizona alumni,Deaths from breast cancer,American female dancers,1951 births,Michigan State University alumni,Dancers from New Mexico,Modern dancers,University of Utah alumni

paragraph: Della Davidson

paragraph: Della Davidson (1951 - 13 March 2012) was an American modern dancer, choreographer, and dance professor at the University of California, Davis Department of Theatre and Dance.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Davidson was born in Texas, but grew up in Michigan. While she had trained in ballet since elementary school, she discovered modern dance in college, attending Michigan State, the University of Utah, and the University of Arizona.

paragraph: Davidson joined the faculty of the University of California, Davis in 2001. While there, she co-created "The Weight of Memory" with Ellen Bromberg, a choreographer/dance filmmaker, and "Collapse (suddenly falling down)", with the KeckCAVES institute. At the time of her death, she was working with Bromberg on a piece titled "and the snow fell softly on all the living and the dead".

paragraph: She was also the Artistic Director of Della Davidson Dance Theater since 1986 and Sideshow Physical Theater at UC Davis since 2001.

paragraph: She created more than forty works in her lifetime, many of them multidisciplinary, combining dance and film.

paragraph: Section::::Assessment.

paragraph: "Driven by an urge to get away from the "roles" she and other women had been brought up to inhabit, she often created dance that evoked the raw energy of forceful women, their strength, physicality and sensuality. Heavily ironic, pieces such as "10 P.M. Dream" or "Fierce/Pink/House" displayed gender stereotypes only to expose them as insidious traps, and she was firmly committed to feminism as a challenge to oppression and small-mindedness."

paragraph: Section::::"Night Stories".

paragraph: In 1997, Davidson adapted for dance three stories from the book "The Stories of Eva Luna" by Isabel Allende: "Wicked Girl", "Tosca", and "Revenge". The dance was titled "Night Stories: The Eva Luna Project First Cycle" and was first performed at the Theater Artaud in San Francisco, California.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isadora Duncan Award for Outstanding Achievement in Choreography

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 North American Award for Choreography

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Della Davidson Prize is an annual award of $1,220 to support "innovative dance and dance/theater artists."

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Davidson was married to Mark Reiff. She died on 13 March 2012 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

description: American modern dancer

wikidata_label: Della Davidson

wikipedia_title: Della Davidson


text:
Italian
canonist
Felina
Diocese of Reggio
canon law
Ferrara
Pisa
auditor of the Sacred Palace
Bishop of Penne and Atri
Coadjutor Bishop
Lucca
Bishop of Lucca
Rome

categories: Canon law jurists,1444 births,1503 deaths

paragraph: Felino Maria Sandeo

paragraph: Felino Maria Sandeo (1444–1503), often quoted under the Latin name of Felinus, was an Italian canonist of the fifteenth century.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born at Felina, in the Diocese of Reggio, in 1444. He taught canon law from 1466 to 1474 at Ferrara, which was his family's native place, and at Pisa until 1484, when he became auditor of the Sacred Palace and lived at Rome. On 4 May 1495, he became Bishop of Penne and Atri and on 25 September of the same year Coadjutor Bishop of Lucca with right of succession. He became Bishop of Lucca in 1499.

paragraph: He died at Lucca 1503, in October according to most writers, according to others at Rome on 6 September 1503.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Felino was a good compiler but lacked originality.

paragraph: His chief work is "Lectura", or "Commentaria in varios titulos libri I, II, IV, et V Decretalium" (see Hain, "Repertor. bibliogr.", II, n, 269-78, N. 14280-14325, published rather often, notably at Milan, 1504; Basle, 1567; Lyons, 1587).

paragraph: He also published a "Sermo de indulgentia", "Repetitiones" "Consilia", and "Epitome de regno Siciliae" (s. 1., 1495).

paragraph: Some unedited works are mentioned in Fabricius, "Bib. latina mediae et infimae aetatis" with additions by Mansi, II (Florence, 1858), 558.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: Italian judge

wikidata_label: Felino Maria Sandeo

wikipedia_title: Felino Maria Sandeo


text: French

text: cabinetmaker

text: ébéniste

text: Louis XVI

text: Neuwied-am-Rhein

text: David Roentgen

text: marchands-mercier

text: Japanese lacquer

text: ebony

text: Dominique Daguerre

text: Marie Antoinette

text: château de Saint-Cloud

text: Prince Regent (later George IV)

text: Carlton House

text: Pierre Gouthière

text: Sèvres porcelain

text: pietra dura

text: marquetry

text: Caserta

text: Ancien Régime

text: Queen Hortense

text: Pierre-Philippe Thomire

text: Louis XVI

text: Louis XVI furniture

categories: Furniture makers,1820 deaths,1744 births,19th-century French people,18th-century French people

paragraph: Adam Weisweiler

paragraph: Adam Weisweiler (c.1750 — after 1810) was a pre-eminent French master cabinetmaker ("ébéniste") in the Louis XVI period, working in Paris.

paragraph: Weisweiler is said to have been born at Neuwied-am-Rhein and to have received his early training in David Roentgen's workshop. He was in Paris before 1777, when he married Barbe Conte, and was received "maître" 26 March 1778. Thus all pieces bearing his stamp post-date that event.

paragraph: Weisweiler worked notably for the "marchands-merciers", who alone could supply him with the Japanese lacquer panels that, combined with ebony and refined gilt-bronze, characterise some of his finest work. Through Dominique Daguerre he supplied the writing table of steel, lacquer and ebony and gilt-bronze for Marie Antoinette at the château de Saint-Cloud in 1784. Through Daguerre again he provided furniture for the Prince Regent (later George IV) at Carlton House, London. Weisweiler specialised in small refined pieces, with fine lines, delicate legs with light interlaced stretchers, and gilt-bronze low-relief plaques and mounts, some provided to him by Pierre Gouthière through Daguerre, often decorated with panels of Japanese lacquer and Sèvres porcelain plaques, even panels of pietra dura. Pictorial marquetry is not found in his output. Alvar González-Palacios, in demonstrating that the Weisweiler lacquer suite consisting of a pair of drop-front secretary desks and a commode, from the Wrightsman collection now at the Metropolitan Museum, had been sold by Daguerre "c"1790 for the king of Naples' cabinet at Caserta, observes that it would be more accurate to say that they are in the manner of Daguerre rather than that they are typical of Weisweiler.

paragraph: Unlike other luxury furniture makers of the Ancien Régime, Weisweiler weathered the Revolution. In 1810 he was supplying Queen Hortense and collaborating with Pierre-Philippe Thomire. After his retirement, his son Jean Weisweiler continued the workshop until 1844.

paragraph: Section::::Mark.

paragraph: The letters "A.V." incised on the bottom tray of a Louis XVI workbench are attributed to Weisweiler.

paragraph: Section::::Collection.

paragraph: "Secrétaire"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis XVI furniture

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (see index: p. 127-128; illustration: p. 69)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adam Weisweiler (German-born French Furniture Artist, 1744-1820) at ARTCYCLOPEDIA

description: German master cabinetmaker having worked in France

wikidata_label: Adam Weisweiler

wikipedia_title: Adam Weisweiler


text:
Pandyan dynasty
Pandyan dynasty
Sena I
Nandivarman III
Battle of Tellaru
Sena II
Madurai
Varagunavarman II
Pandyan

paragraph: Srimara Srivallabha

paragraph: Srimara Srivallabha () was a Pandyan king who led the resurgence of the Pandyan dynasty. During the reign of Srimara Srivallabha, a number of irrigation projects were undertaken, which included renewing existing tanks, canals and sluices and brick and granite blocks were used as building materials. Water reservoirs like Sri Vallabha Pereri (big lake) were also built in his reign.

paragraph: He initially defeated the Pallavas and the Cheras. Involvement of the medieval Pandyan dynasty in the affairs of the Tamil country in Ceylon became stronger after his conquest of the north, a strongly welcomed intervention by the local Tamils on the island. In 835 CE he mounted this invasion. The Sinhala King Sena I failed to resist the attack. According to the "Culavamsa", "the great army of the Pandyan king swept over the large crowd of Sinhala soldiers and crushed them, moving like Mara's army. And the Sinhala king, hearing that his army had surrendered, took up all his portable wealth and fled the city, heading toward the mountains" (CV 50.19-20)"

paragraph: Nandivarman III of the Pallavas decided to attack the upstart Pandyans and thus began the Battle of Tellaru. While Srimara Srivallabha was concentrating his attention in the north against the Pallavas, the Sinhala King Sena II attacked Madurai and sacked it. Sena II placed Varagunavarman II on the Pandyan throne. Srimara Srivallabha is believed to have died in injuries sustained in battle. His death was the beginning of the end of the First Pandyan Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Srimara was born to Pandya King Paranthaga Nedunchadaiyan.

wikidata_label: Srimara Srivallabha

wikipedia_title: Srimara Srivallabha


text:
American football
linebacker
college football
Boston College
Devante Bond
New England Patriots
Super Bowl
Los Angeles Chargers
Cleveland Browns
Houston Texans
Washington Redskins
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,Kansas City Chiefs players,Houston Texans players,1993 births,Washington Redskins players,Cleveland Browns players,Players of American football from New York (state),Tampa Bay Buccaneers players,People from Ghent, New York,Boston College Eagles football players,American football linebackers,Los Angeles Chargers players,Living people

paragraph: Josh Keyes (American football)

paragraph: Josh Keyes (born January 23, 1993) is an American football linebacker who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Boston College.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

paragraph: Keyes was signed as an undrafted rookie on May 5, 2015. On September 5, 2015, he was waived. On September 7, 2015, Keyes was signed to the practice squad. On September 24, 2015, he was released from the practice squad.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: On October 20, 2015, Keyes was signed to the Chiefs' practice squad. On November 3, 2015, he was released by the team.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Buccaneers (second stint).

paragraph: On November 18, Keyes returned to the Buccaneers and was re-signed to the their practice squad. Three days later, on November 21, Keyes was promoted to the Buccaneers' active roster. On September 3, 2016 Keyes was released by the Buccaneers as part of final roster cuts. The next day, he was signed to the Buccaneers' practice squad. On September 10, 2016, Keyes was promoted to the Buccaneers' active roster. He was released on September 21, 2016. He was re-signed on September 23, 2016, after Devante Bond was placed on injured reserve. He was released again on October 3, 2016, and re-signed to the practice squad two days later. He was released on October 11, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: On October 19, 2016, Keyes was signed to the Falcons' practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on December 22, 2016. Keyes was inactive for the Falcons' 34-28 overtime loss to the New England Patriots in the Super Bowl.

paragraph: On September 2, 2017, Keyes was waived/injured by the Falcons and placed on injured reserve. He was released on September 11, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Chargers.

paragraph: On October 16, 2017, Keyes signed with the Los Angeles Chargers. He was waived on November 7, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Browns.

paragraph: On November 8, 2017, Keyes was claimed off waivers by the Cleveland Browns.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Texans.

paragraph: On March 20, 2018, Keyes signed with the Houston Texans. He was waived on September 1, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.

paragraph: Keyes signed with the Washington Redskins on September 5, 2018, but was waived on September 11.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Texans (second stint).

paragraph: On October 22, 2018, Keyes was signed by the Houston Texans. He was waived on November 27, 2018. He was re-signed on December 27, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Josh Keyes

wikipedia_title: Josh Keyes (American football)


text: Belfast

text: motorcycle

text: road racer

text: World War II

text: Isle of Man TT

text: 1947 Isle of Man TT

text: Norton

text: Sunbeam

text: North West 200

text: Northern Ireland

text: Cookstown

text: Ulster Grand Prix

text: Senior TT

text: Dutch TT

text: Swiss Grand Prix

text: 1950 Grand Prix season

text: Spa-Francorchamps

text: Carlo Bandirola

text: Les Graham

text: AJS Porcupine

text: County Down

text: Irish Post Office

text: postage stamp

text: Isle of Man Post Office

text: 1950 Isle of Man TT

text: List of people on stamps of Ireland

text: Artie Bell

text: Artie Bell

text: 1946-1949 Cookstown 100 results

text: Culture Northern Ireland

text: IOM TT database

categories: British motorcycle racers,1915 births,Sportspeople from Belfast,500cc World Championship riders,Isle of Man TT riders,Motorcycle racers from Northern Ireland

paragraph: Artie Bell

paragraph: Arthur James Bell (6 September 1914 – 7 August 1972, Belfast, United Kingdom) was a British (Northern Irish) motorcycle road racer who became known for his short post-World War II Isle of Man TT career that came to notice with his second-place finish in the 1947 Isle of Man TT on a second-hand 500cc Norton he bought himself on which he led for three of the seven laps.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Bell began motorcycling as a teenager despite the opposition of his father, who at one time forced him to get rid of his Sunbeam motorcycle, but by 1938 Bell prevailed and rode in minor events progressing to a second-place finish in the North West 200 an event that still takes place in Northern Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Active years.

paragraph: Riding his 1939 Norton, he participated in several races in the immediate post-World War II period including the 1946 Cookstown 100 event where he recorded the fastest lap time of 76.60 mph and winning the 1947 500cc Ulster Grand Prix race with an average speed of 91.25 mph (146 km/h) in a time of 2 hours 43 minutes 1 second, while setting a new lap record of 94.79 mph (151.17 km/h). Bell also won the 1947 North West 200.

paragraph: Following his 1947 Isle of Man performance, Norton picked him up as a works rider for the following season. He did not finish in his TT Junior 350cc race, however, the next season he claimed first place in the 500cc Senior TT race and third place in the 350cc Junior event. In 1949 he placed third and fourth in the TT as well as taking the North West 200 again. Norton introduced the "Featherbed frame" in 1950 contributing to his 1950 first place in the 350cc Junior race and second place in the 500cc Senior race. Further placings in the 1950 Dutch TT and Swiss Grand Prix ensured his position in the 1950 Grand Prix season with seventh and fourth place respectively in the 500cc and 350cc championship standings. Bell also claimed the North West 200 for a third time.

paragraph: Unfortunately, his promising racing career came to an end following a high speed crash during the 1950 season at La Source Hairpin during the 1950 Belgian Grand Prix at the extremely fast Spa-Francorchamps circuit. The accident occurred during the 500cc race when the leader Carlo Bandirola was being followed by Les Graham and Bell. When Bandirola braked early for the La Source Hairpin, a collision occurred when the AJS Porcupine motorcycle ridden by Graham hit the rear-wheel of motorcycle ridden by Bandirola. Although, Graham was thrown clear, Bell hit the AJS Porcupine and machines collided at high speed with a timing-post at La Source Hairpin. Bell was unable to race again even though he survived serious injury.

paragraph: He died on 7 August 1972 at his home in County Down. In 1996 the Irish Post Office issued a set postage stamps of notable Irish motorcyclists that included a stamp depicting Artie Bell. Also in 1996, the Isle of Man Post Office issued a set of post stamps of Irish Isle of Man TT winners including Artie Bell's win during the 1950 Junior TT race.

paragraph: Section::::Motor-Cycle Grand Prix results.

paragraph: FIM World Motor-Cycle Championship

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 Isle of Man TT

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of people on stamps of Ireland

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artie Bell biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artie Bell short biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946-1949 Cookstown 100 results Wayback Machine archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- Culture Northern Ireland

paragraph: BULLET::::- IOM TT database

description: Irish motorcycle road racer

wikidata_label: Artie Bell

wikipedia_title: Artie Bell


text:
anglicized
Welsh
abbot
confessor
saint
Baring-Gould
Roman Catholic
Saint Anselm
Old Welsh
common Celtic
Berriew
Powys
Vortigern
king of Britain
monastery
Bangor
Wales
Cadfan
king of Gwynedd
Cadwallon
Clynnog Fawr
Llŷn peninsula
Easter
raising seven people from the dead
virgin
Winefride
Aelhaiarn
Culbone
Tremeirchion
St Asaph
St Beuno's
St Beuno's Church
Llanycil
Bala
St Beuno's Church, Penmorfa
St Beuno's Church, Trefdraeth
St Beuno's Church, Berriew

categories: Wonderworkers,People from Montgomeryshire,Welsh royalty,Year of birth unknown,Medieval Welsh saints,Welsh abbots,640 deaths,Roman Catholic monks,7th-century Christian saints

paragraph: Beuno

paragraph: Saint Beuno (;  640), sometimes anglicized as Bono, was a 7th-century Welsh abbot, confessor, and saint. Baring-Gould gives St Beuno's date of death as 21 April 640, making that date his traditional feastday. In the current Roman Catholic liturgical calendar for Wales, he is commemorated on 20 April, the 21st being designated for Saint Anselm.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: His name has been reconstructed as "*Bou[g]nou" in Old Welsh, with a proposed derivation from the common Celtic *"Bou[o]-gnāw-", with a meaning related to "Knowing Cattle".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Beuno was said to have been born at Berriew in Powys and to have been the grandson of a prince of the local dynasty, which descended from Vortigern, king of Britain. After education and ordination in the monastery at Bangor in northern Wales, he became an active missionary with the support of Cadfan, king of Gwynedd. Cadfan's son and successor Cadwallon deceived Beuno about some land and, when the saint demanded justice, proved unsympathetic. Thereupon, Cadwallon's cousin Gwyddaint "gave to God and Beuno forever" his land at Clynnog Fawr on the Llŷn peninsula. Beuno established his own monastery at the site and died there peacefully "on the seventh day of Easter".

paragraph: Section::::Miracles.

paragraph: Beuno was credited with raising seven people from the dead, including his niece, the virgin Winefride (Gwenffrewi), and his disciple and cousin, Aelhaiarn. He was said to have had a "wondrous vision" prior to his death.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Eleven churches bear Saint Beuno's name, including one in his monastery at Clynnog Fawr, and one in Culbone on the Somerset coast. Although his establishment at Clynnog is destroyed, his grave chapel survives. In Tremeirchion, near St Asaph, is St Beuno's, a former theological college and now a Jesuit spirituality retreat centre.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Beuno's Church, Llanycil near Bala

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Beuno's Church, Penmorfa

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Beuno's Church, Trefdraeth

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Beuno's Church, Berriew

description: Welsh abbot and saint

wikidata_label: Beuno

wikipedia_title: Beuno