text:
New Monkees
power pop
The Wigs
The Wrecking Crew.
Eugene
Oregon
Rockford University
Rockford, Illinois
Mott The Hoople
London, United Kingdom
Barcelona, Spain
Bradley University
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
The Wigs
New Monkees
My Chauffeur
The Wigs
Murphy's Law
Stateside
Kounterfeit
Mod Squad
Columbia Pictures Television
The Monkees
Nash Bridges
The Ricki Lake Show
CBS Sports

categories: American male singer-songwriters,Musicians from Eugene, Oregon,American singer-songwriters,Living people

paragraph: Marty Ross (musician)

paragraph: Marty Ross is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist who is best known for his role in the TV series the "New Monkees", as a member of the power pop band The Wigs and as a singer in 2018 and 2019 with The Wrecking Crew.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ross was born in Eugene, Oregon. His mother Margaret, born in England, was a folk singer, his father Gordon was a professor of history at Rockford College, now known as Rockford University. Ross became proficient at the tenor banjo by his 5th birthday and learned to play the guitar at 6 years old. He was influenced by his mother's folk harmonies and his Uncle Bob Fisher's (his mom's brother) sense of rock and roll. Fisher quit the band he was in to move from England to live with the Ross family in the late 1960s in Rockford, Illinois.The band he quit would go on to become the popular rock band Mott The Hoople.

paragraph: Ross was schooled in Rockford and during his father's sabbatical Ross went to high school in London, United Kingdom, Barcelona, Spain then returned to finish schooling in Rockford.It was in Spain that Ross learned flamenco guitar which eventually became part of his style of play. Following high school graduation, he enrolled at Bradley University in Peoria, Illinois majoring in music but before the end of his freshman year moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin to begin his music career.

paragraph: In Milwaukee he joined the power pop band The Wigs. The band’s album "File Under Pop Vocal" was a regional hit. He later auditioned for and was offered a part in the pop rock music group New Monkees and in the television series of the same name.

paragraph: Section::::Movies.

paragraph: As a member of The Wigs, Ross appeared in the motion picture "My Chauffeur" and sang on camera the song "Fire!" which he wrote. Jim Cushinery of The Wigs wrote seven songs for the film making the band's contribution to the film a total of eight songs. The soundtrack to My Chauffeur was released in June 2013. Ross also performed a song for the film "Murphy's Law", produced 3 songs and performed a cover of the Deep Purple classic "Hush" for the movie "Stateside" and the opening theme for "Kounterfeit". Ross wrote and produced songs for the feature films "Mod Squad","The Runner" and many others. He can also be heard singing in the Showtime movie "Noriega: Gods Favorite ". Ross teamed with Randy Gerston to produce for the movie Blair Witch Project the single mix of " The Order Of Death" by Public Image Limited.

paragraph: Section::::Television.

paragraph: Ross appeared in the 1987 syndicated musical situation comedy television series, "New Monkees" produced by Columbia Pictures Television.

paragraph: The producers selected him for one of the four leading roles after auditioning over 5,000 people. The series was produced by Bob Rafelson, Burt Scheneider and Steve Blauner of the original TV show "The Monkees". After the show was cancelled Ross rejoined Jim Cushinery and Bobby Tews from The Wigs to form the band 57 Braves. He eventually shifted his career from a live performer to one of a music composer for film and TV. He provided songs for over 300 episodes of television including, but not limited to traditional music from different and varied musical cultures throughout the world. These instrumentals proved to be useful in many shows including "Nash Bridges", "Soldier Of Fortune", "Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous", "The Ricki Lake Show", CBS Sports, Fame Fortune and Romance, Home Videos of The Stars and numerous TV movies.

paragraph: Ross played his first solo show in many years, opening for former Babys frontman John Waite at the Rose Theater in Pasadena, CA in July 2016 and performed bass with Prairies Hermits in a limited run tour featuring famed artist and drummer Prairie Prince in September 2016. On Saturday, February 25, 2017, Ross performed a concert opening for legendary singer/songwriter Don McLean at the Saban Theater in Beverly Hills, CA. He was joined onstage by Jim Cushinery from The Wigs and Guy Hoffman from The Violent Femmes. It was the first time that Cushinery and Ross had performed together in Los Angeles since 1989.

paragraph: Ross performed again at the Saban Theater November 21, 2017 appearing on the bill with Micky Dolenz and Felix Cavaliere. Dino Kovas of New Monkees performed with Ross for the first time in 10 years. On November 11, 2017 The New Monkees had a 30 Year Reunion where all original members attended .They were interviewed for the podcast " Deep Dish Radio with Tim Powers" and performed a short concert. On August 2, 2018 Ross performed in concert with the legendary Wrecking Crew in "The Wrecking Crew Farewell To Glen Campbell". Ross played guitar and sang 3 of Campbell’s most loved songs "Galveston", "Rhinestone Cowboy" and "Wichita Lineman". On August 18, 2018 Ross appeared on stage for the first time with Micky Dolenz of The Monkees. This marked the first time that a member of the original Monkees and the New Monkees performed on stage together.The event was held for Charity.Another former New Monkee Dino Kovas sang on stage as well. On October 13, 2018 Ross was asked to perform songs for the Smithereens Pat DiNizio Memorial Birthday Tribute at T. Boyles Nightclub in Pasadena Ca., which featured Severo Jornacion and Jim Babjak from The Smithereens.

paragraph: Ross performed with Micky Dolenz at the Winnetka Bowl August 2018 singing a duet with Dolenz an emotional rendition of Without You recorded by their mutual friend Harry Nilsson.

paragraph: Ross also performed with Micky Dolenz in Upland California Twist and Shout.

paragraph: November 2018 Ross announced a reunion planned in 2019 with The New Monkees.

paragraph: On January 27 2019 Ross appeared again in 2 sold out shows with “The Wrecking Crew Tribute To Glen Campbell “ with Ross singing many of Campbell’s hits.

paragraph: On February 16 2019 Ross reunited with Dino Kovas , Larry Saltis and Jared Chandler reforming the New Monkees .The sold out event was created and promoted by 521 Promotions Director Jodi Ritzen. Micky Dolenz joined the New Monkees onstage to sing some of his hits . This marked the first time that an original Monkee had performed with the New Monkees in public.

paragraph: Marty Ross announced his first solo album would be completed in late 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Ross is married to B.M.I. executive Doreen Ringer Ross and has a daughter Chelsea, a respected animal expert.

description: American singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Marty Ross

wikipedia_title: Marty Ross (musician)


href: Venice composer Economics Mathematics Camaldolese monk Philosophy Camaldolese

text: Venetian composer economist mathematician Camaldolese monk philosopher Camaldolese

categories: 1790 deaths,1713 births,18th-century composers

paragraph: Giammaria Ortes

paragraph: Abbé Giovanni Maria Ortes (March 1713 – 1790) was a Venetian composer, economist, mathematician, Camaldolese monk, and philosopher. He is better known for his population predictions that preceded those of Malthus.

paragraph: Ortes belonged to the Camaldolese monastic order. He was probably the first person, according to Adam Ferguson, to use the term "economics" for the science in which he exercised a remarkable activity, particularly in his works "Economia Nazionale" (1774) and "Riflessioni sulla popolazione" (1790), which along with other of his works were reprinted in Pietro Custodi's anthologies "Scrittori classici italiani di economia politica" (1802–16). He was opposed to mercantilism.

paragraph: He anticipated certain doctrines of Adam Smith and Thomas Robert Malthus, especially the latter, as he felt that the population propagation, if it were allowed free rein, would take place in a geometric progression with a doubling every 30 years. No one knows exactly how he died.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Della economia nazionale" (1774)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sulla religione e sul governo dei popoli" (1780)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dei fedecommessi a famiglie e chiese" (1784)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfred Sauvy, "Deux techniciens, précurseurs de Malthus, Boesnier de l'Orme et Auxiron", Population, 1959, no 4.

description: Italian composer and academic

wikidata_label: Giammaria Ortes

wikipedia_title: Giammaria Ortes


text: Portuguese India

text: Vasco da Gama

text: fort of Mahim

text: Gujarat Sultanate

text: Nizam-ul-mulk

text: Chaul

text: Bombay

text: The History of Portugal, p. 85

categories: History of Mangalore,15th-century Portuguese people,1520s in Portuguese India,History of Mumbai,1534 deaths,Governors-General of Portuguese India,1480 births

paragraph: Lopo Vaz de Sampaio

paragraph: Lopo Vaz de Sampaio was the 6th Governor of Portuguese India from 1526 to 1529. He was also the captain of Vasco da Gama, a famous Portuguese explorer. During 1528–29, Lopo Vaz de Sampaio seized the fort of Mahim from the Gujarat Sultanate, when the King was at war with Nizam-ul-mulk, the emperor of Chaul, a town south of Bombay.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580, p. 286

paragraph: BULLET::::- The History of Portugal, p. 85

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986 (Portuguese Period)

description: Portuguese colonial governor

wikidata_label: Lopo Vaz de Sampaio

wikipedia_title: Lopo Vaz de Sampaio


text:
Tomari, Kunashiri
Hokkaidō
United States
Dartmouth College
New Hampshire
Big Green
Aspen
Colorado
NCAA title
Snow Basin
Utah
Olympic Alpine slalom event
giant slalom competition
downhill
1956
slalom
giant slalom
downhill
Toni Sailer
1960 Games
slalom
giant slalom
downhill
slalom
World Championships
1958
combined
International Triathlon Union
International Olympic Committee
Olympians for Life
Ivy League at 50
Dartmouth College
U.S. Ski & Snowboard Hall of Fame

categories: Medalists at the 1956 Winter Olympics,Olympic medalists in alpine skiing,Japanese male alpine skiers,People from Sakhalin Oblast,1931 births,Olympic alpine skiers of Japan,People from Hokkaido,Alpine skiers at the 1956 Winter Olympics,Alpine skiers at the 1952 Winter Olympics,Olympic silver medalists for Japan,International Olympic Committee members,Living people,Alpine skiers at the 1960 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Chiharu Igaya

paragraph: Born in Tomari, Kunashiri (), Hokkaidō, Igaya attended college in the United States at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, where he raced for the Big Green and graduated in 1957. He won the U.S. national title in slalom in 1954 at Aspen, Colorado, and won the NCAA title in 1957 at Snow Basin, Utah.

paragraph: At the Olympics in 1952, Igaya finished eleventh in the Olympic Alpine slalom event, 20th in the giant slalom competition, and 24th in the downhill. Four years later in 1956, he won the silver medal in the slalom, finished eleventh in the giant slalom, but did not finish in the downhill. All three events were won by Toni Sailer of Austria.

paragraph: At the 1960 Games, Igaya finished twelfth in the slalom, 23rd in the giant slalom, and 34th in the downhill.

paragraph: Igaya also won a bronze medal in slalom at the World Championships in 1958, and finished fourth in the combined.

paragraph: After graduation, Igaya worked in insurance, eventually becoming president of the Japanese branch of AIU Insurance Company. In parallel, he served as a sports administrator. Igaya was a member of the FIS alpine skiing committee and vice-president of the International Triathlon Union. He was a member of the International Olympic Committee from 1982 to 2012, becoming vice-president in 2005 and an honorary member in 2012.

paragraph: At the 2018 Winter Olympics Igaya was inducted into the Olympians for Life project for giving back to sport.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivy League at 50 – Chiharu Igaya

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dartmouth College – Chiharu Igaya

paragraph: BULLET::::- U.S. Ski & Snowboard Hall of Fame – Chiharu Igaya

description: alpine skier

wikidata_label: Chiharu Igaya

wikipedia_title: Chiharu Igaya


text:
Sheikh
Umm Al Quwain
Federal Supreme Council
United Arab Emirates
Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla II
Lebanon
Cairo University
Egypt
Al Ali

categories: Sheikhs of Umm Al Quwain,1952 births,Middle Eastern royalty stubs,Living people,History of the United Arab Emirates

paragraph: Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla

paragraph: Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla (; born 1 October 1952; referred to as Sheikh Saud) is the ruler and head of state of the emirate of Umm Al Quwain since 2009 and a member of the Federal Supreme Council of the United Arab Emirates. He is the son of Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla II and succeeded his father as monarch of Umm Al Quwain on 2 January 2009.

paragraph: Previously, Sheikh Saud was the Commander of the Umm Al Quwain National Guard with the rank of colonel. In 1979 he headed the Umm Al Quwain Royal Court (Al Diwan Al Amir). Then, on the 22 June 1982, his father Sheikh Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla II designated him to be the Crown Prince of Umm Al Quwain. He assisted his father in managing the emirate’s affairs, oversaw many investment projects and established numerous government entities and local enterprises.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born on 1 October 1952, Sheikh Saud received his elementary and primary education in Umm Al Quwain before attending high school in Lebanon. He graduated with a degree in economics from Cairo University, Egypt in 1974.

paragraph: He was appointed to the United Arab Emirates foreign ministry in 1973, and seconded at the Umm Al Quwain Amiri court. He was appointed Commander of the Umm Al Quwain Amiri guard in 1977. In 1979, he was appointed chief of the Umm Al Quwain Amiri court (Diwan) and became crown prince in 1982.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al Ali

description: Emirati Sheikh

wikidata_label: Saud bin Rashid Al Mu'alla

wikipedia_title: Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla


text:
Peninsular War
Berriz
Durango, Biscay
Francisco Espoz y Mina
Munguía
Villarcayo
Francisco de Longa
Oña
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Peninsular War
Second Siege of Zaragoza
Battle of Vitoria
Wellington

categories: Spanish guerrillas,Women in war in Spain,1849 deaths,Women soldiers,Basque history,Women in 19th-century warfare,19th-century Spanish people,Basque women,Female wartime cross-dressers,1788 births

paragraph: Martina Ibaibarriaga

paragraph: María Martina Ibaibarriaga Elorriaga (26 January 1788 – 6 June 1849) was a Spanish guerrilla leader during the Peninsular War (1807–14).

paragraph: A legend later grew up that she pretended to be a man, enlisted in the Spanish army, and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: María Martina Ibaibarriaga Elorriaga was a native of Berriz, Biscay.

paragraph: She was born on 26 January 1788.

paragraph: In 1810 Martina Ibaibarriaga's family was based in Durango, Biscay.

paragraph: The French arrested and interrogated them, and found that Martina, dressed as a man, had joined the band of the guerrilla Belard, ""El manco"".

paragraph: The next year Ibaibarriaga was in command of her own force of 50 men.

paragraph: The municipalities complained to the guerrilla leaders that her fighters were taking rations and supplies by force, without paying.

paragraph: As a result, the guerrillas of Francisco Espoz y Mina captured Ibaibarriaga in Munguía, Biscay on 3 July 1811 and took her to a gathering of guerrilla chiefs at Villarcayo, Burgos.

paragraph: The leaders included Espoz y Mina, Francisco de Longa, Isidoro Salazar and Ignacio de Cuevillas.

paragraph: Eight of Ibaibarriaga's men were executed by firing squad, but she was spared.

paragraph: Ibaibarriaga was allowed to serve under Longa for the remainder of the war.

paragraph: She joined the "División de Iberia", Longa's guerrilla force.

paragraph: She met Lieutenant Félix Asenjo of Oña, Burgos early in 1812.

paragraph: He had been sent by the Spanish government to instruct new guerrillas.

paragraph: They married in March 1812.

paragraph: She participated in the battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813.

paragraph: After the war Ibaibarriaga left the army.

paragraph: She and her husband went to live in Oña, where their son Francisco Asenjo Ibaibarriaga was born.

paragraph: A record of her post-war trial for banditry, at which she was acquitted, is held in the Historical Archives of Pamplona.

paragraph: Ferdinand VII of Spain gave her the honorary title of captain.

paragraph: In 1825 she was granted a state pension.

paragraph: She died in Oña on 6 June 1849.

paragraph: In December 1977 a street in Vitoria was named after her.

paragraph: The street is wrongly named "Coronela Ibaibarriaga".

paragraph: Section::::Legend.

paragraph: Many of the misconceptions about Martina de Ibaibarriaga are due to her grandson, Ricardo Blanco Asenjo, who wrote a fictional story of his grandmother in the Madrid periodical "El Imparcial" dated 7 May 1883.

paragraph: It was said that her father and brother, who ran a pharmacy in Bilbao, were killed by the French in August 1808. This is almost certainly a later embellishment to her story.

paragraph: It is also untrue that she disguised herself as a man under the name of "Manuel Martinez" or that after reaching the rank of captain her sex was discovered at the siege of Zaragoza.

paragraph: It is known that she joined the guerrillas without hiding her sex, as did other women.

paragraph: More legends and misconceptions:

paragraph: -Ibaibarriaga was commissioned in the Spanish army disguised as a man.

paragraph: -She took the name of "Manuel Martínez".

paragraph: -She is the only known example in the Peninsular War of a woman enlisting and serving as a man.

paragraph: -She was seriously wounded during the Second Siege of Zaragoza in 1809 and her true identity was discovered.

paragraph: When she fought in the Battle of Vitoria she came to the attention of General Wellington Francisco de Longa played a joke on Wellington, praising the courage of "Martin" before revealing that she was a woman. The truth is that Wellington was several kilometers away from the area where Longa's troops fought and could not see Martina in combat. Longa and Wellington did not meet in person until several weeks later.

paragraph: -She reached the rank of lieutenant colonel.

wikidata_label: Martina Ibaibarriaga

wikipedia_title: Martina Ibaibarriaga


text:
ancient Egypt
Thebes
TT391
El-Assasif
Theban Necropolis
Upper Egypt
Pabasa
overseer of Upper Egypt
God's Wife of Amun

wikipedia_title:
Ancient Egypt
Thebes, Egypt
TT391
El-Assasif
Theban Necropolis
Upper Egypt
Pabasa
Overseer of Upper Egypt
God's Wife of Amun

categories: Overseers of Upper Egypt,People of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt,Ancient Egyptian high stewards,2015 archaeological discoveries

paragraph: Pedubast (high steward)

paragraph: Pedubast (also Padibast, or Padibastet) was an ancient Egyptian official during the 26th Dynasty. He is so far only known from his burial, found within the larger and earlier (25th Dynasty) tomb complex of the "mayor of Thebes" Karabasken (TT391), located at South El-Assasif within the Theban Necropolis, in Upper Egypt.br

paragraph: Pedubast's burial was found in 2015 and announced shortly after. He was most likely the grandson of the well known "chief steward of the God's Wife" Pabasa who was buried in another large funerary complex at Thebes (TT279). Pedubast was "overseer of Upper Egypt" and "chief steward of the God's Wife"; in the latter position he managed the estates of the "God's Wife of Amun", the leading religious figure in southern Egypt at the time. Pedubast only reinscribed some parts of the burial chapel of Karabasken. It seems that he was only for a short time in office having not enough time to build an own monumental tomb. The newly decorated parts include a door frame and a sun hymn. Fragments of his coffin were found too.

description: ancient Egyptian high steward

wikidata_label: Pedubast

wikipedia_title: Pedubast (high steward)


href: Samara Russia Cycling

text: Samara Russia cyclist

wikipedia_title: Samara Russia Cycling

categories: 1995 births,Russian male cyclists,Living people

paragraph: Aleksandr Komin

paragraph: Aleksandr Komin (born April 12, 1995 in Samara, Russia) is a Russian cyclist riding for Samara Region.

description: Russian bicycle racer

wikidata_label: Aleksandr Komin

wikipedia_title: Aleksandr Komin


text:
Hebrew
mineral processing
Moscow State Mining University
Library of Congress
Russian State Library
pen name
Shepetivka
Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Ukraine
Krasyliv
Volhynia
Hebrew
Yiddish
Abraham Mapu
Judah Leib Gordon
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Odessa
Palestine
Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium
Tel Aviv
Palestine
Ukrainian Pogroms
World War I
Russian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Palestine
Odessa
Yeshiva
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Joseph Klausner
October Revolution
Soviet Union
Palestine
World War II
Iron Curtain
Red Army
Moscow
mineral processing
Krolevets
censorship in the Soviet Union
Great Purge
Karaganda
Donbass
Holocaust
Hadiach
Zionist
Hebrew
Israel
pen name
Stalin
antisemitism in the Soviet Union
anti-soviet dissident
Gulag
labor camp
Karaganda
Inta
Vorkuta
Jacob Steinberg
Moscow State Mining University
synagogue
World War II
heart attack
Shefayim

wikipedia_title:
Hebrew language
Mineral processing
Moscow State Mining University
Library of Congress
Russian State Library
Pen name
Shepetivka
Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Ukraine
Krasyliv
Volhynia
Hebrew language
Yiddish
Abraham Mapu
Judah Leib Gordon
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Odessa
Palestine (region)
Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium
Tel Aviv
Palestine (region)
History of the Jews in Ukraine
World War I
Russian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Palestine (region)
Odessa
Yeshiva
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Joseph Klausner
October Revolution
Soviet Union
Palestine (region)
World War II
Iron Curtain
Red Army
Moscow
Mineral processing
Krolevets
Censorship in the Soviet Union
Great Purge
Karaganda
Donbass
The Holocaust
Hadiach
Zionism
Hebrew language
Israel
Pen name
Joseph Stalin
Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
Anti-Sovietism
Gulag
Labor camp
Karaganda
Inta
Vorkuta
Jacob Steinberg
Moscow State Mining University
Synagogue
World War II
Myocardial infarction
Shefayim

categories: Jewish Ukrainian writers,Ukrainian Jews,1900 births,Jewish writers,Jewish engineers,1969 deaths,Gulag memoirs,Modern Hebrew writers,People from Moscow,People from Shepetivka Raion,Gulag detainees,Soviet Jews

paragraph: Zvi Preigerzon

paragraph: Zvi-Gersh Preigerzon (October 26, 1900 – March 15, 1969) was a Ukrainian Jewish author who specialized in historical prose of a historically fictional nature. The author wrote his books in the Original Hebrew while in the Soviet Union - which caused his arrest. Preigerzon was also a scientist and inventor in the mineral processing field. Further recognized for his scientific works by being named Dean of the Moscow State Mining University.

paragraph: By the early 1920s Zvi's writing has become the focal point of his life. The author wrote his books and short stories in secrecy and in constant fear of arrest by the Soviet authorities. These were partially published in overseas Hebrew / Zionist periodicals between 1927 and 1934, it was only in the 1960s that Zvi's books and stories saw publication in Israel with a vast majority of the works being published after his death. In the early 2000s his books were gifted to, and accepted by, the Library of Congress; the library misspells the author's last name as Preigerson instead of Preigerzon; their archive can be viewed here. A further catalogue of works is also available at the Russian State Library, this catalogue includes some of the author's engineering works and is available here (in Russian)

paragraph: Due to nature and location of his work and his usage of the pen name A. Tsefoni / Tsfoni, Zvi Preigerzon never saw any commercial success from his writings during life and never sought it. After his death all of his works were translated into Russian and there exists an initiative to have an English translation completed as well.

paragraph: Several Jewish authors have referenced Zvi Preigerson and his books in their works, namely: Jehoshua A. Gilboa, Yosef Govrin, Yaacov Ro'i, Mordechai Altshuler and Moshe Shamir.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Childhood and family.

paragraph: Zvi-Gersh (or Hirsh) Preigerzon was born on October 26, 1900, in his family home at Shepetivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast in what is today a part of Western Ukraine. One of three brothers born to Israel Preigerzon (1872-1922) of Krasyliv - a small businessman in the cloth industry, and Rachel (Raisa) with the maiden-name of Galperina (1872-1922) also of Krasyliv. Rachel was of the Volhynia line of Rabbi Dov-Ber Karasik. Zvi's parents gave the future author a traditional religious education, the family celebrated Jewish traditions and spoke Hebrew and Yiddish. Zvi's father made it his task to introduce his children to "new" Hebrew literature and commonly read from the works of Abraham Mapu and Judah Leib Gordon and Jewish periodicals of those days.

paragraph: From the days of his early childhood, Zvi had developed a profound appreciation of the Hebrew language and was known to muse that (in translation) "the Jewish thrill has poisoned my blood forever". This phrase can be found used again in his book Hevlei Shem (Burden of a Name).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Palestine and World War I.

paragraph: Given his passion to the language and Jewish themes it came as no surprise when Zvi started writing poems and short stories in Hebrew. Seeing the passion of his son, Israel sent Zvi's notebooks to Hayim Nahman Bialik in Odessa, impressed Mr. Bialik commented on the talents of the young author and recommended that he be given a solid education in Hebrew. Following this advice, in 1913 the boy is sent to Palestine to attend the prestigious Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium (currently located in Tel Aviv) where all instruction was conducted in Hebrew.

paragraph: As recapped in his book "Unfinished Story" Zvi arrived in Palestine on the Steamship Yerushalayim (Jerusalem) with a group of other students bound for the school which the author attended for one year. During his stay, the young writer has strengthened his language skills and gained a profound appreciation for the Holy Land and its people and their songs. He also attributed his belief in the necessity of a Jewish state to this early time and wrote that only such a state would allow his fellow Jews to be forever free to persecution, humiliation and suffering. Zvi was well aware of these atrocities through the Ukrainian Pogroms.

paragraph: Due to illness Zvi was sent back home for the 1914 summer holidays but could never return to his beloved school as on August the 14th World War I had started - with the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire (occupying Palestine) being belligerents towards one another. Zvi instead continued his education in Odessa and upon passing the entry exams at the age of fifteen was admitted to Lublinska Academy as the school was relocated from Poland at the start of the war. Admission to the school was allowed for the children of Jewish refugees families - exactly the position in which the Preigerzon family found itself in.

paragraph: During those uneasy years Zvi had graduated from a local Music Conservatory as a violin player, yet he never relinquished his love of the Hebrew language. In the evenings he was known to visit the Yeshiva of Haim Tchernowitz (better known as The Young Rabbi or Rav Zair). It is at this Yeshiva that Zvi was mentored by the very Hayim Nahman Bialik who was responsible for the young author's visit to the Holy Land and by the Jewish historian Joseph Klausner.

paragraph: It was in this very institute, under the tutelage of such great teachers, where Zvi had fully committed to his life work of Hebrew Literature.

paragraph: Shortly after the 1917 October Revolution the newly forming Soviet Union would outlaw Hebrew and create the conditions for Hebrew literary endeavors becoming an illegal and dangerous activity. Zvi faced a major dilemma: a choice between getting a higher education he so much desired and immigrating to Palestine. His decision would shape the rest of his life as he chooses to pursue his education, acquire a profession and only than depart for Palestine; not knowing that very soon World War II and the Iron Curtain would make such departure impossible.

paragraph: Section::::Adulthood.

paragraph: Section::::Adulthood.:Military service and higher education.

paragraph: After a short and unremarkable term of service in the Red Army in 1920, Zvi moved to Moscow and was accepted into the Moscow State Mining Academy (today known as The Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys) and with the passage of years became one of the foremost mineral processing experts in the USSR. Zvi's efforts were further recognized by the university as in 1935 he was made a Dean of the institute. However, his scientific achievements were not what made him a memorable figure in the Jewish culture - over the next fifteen years, Zvi's stories and poems continued being published in non-soviet Jewish journals such as "Ha Tkufa" (התקופה), and .

paragraph: During these uneasy years, Zvi met his wife Lea (then residing in Krolevets), they were wed in 1925 and returned to Moscow. The couple had 3 children: Athaliah (Asya) Preigerzon (1928-2015) an accomplished physician in later life, Nina Priegerzon (1930–present day) a psychiatrist and published author and Benjamin Preigerzon (1937-2012) who followed in his father's footsteps and became an Engineer (educated in the same University as his father Zvi).

paragraph: As an interesting side note - all 3 of Zvi's children and Zvi's wife Lea had immigrated to Israel in the 1970s.

paragraph: Section::::Adulthood.:The Yiddish era.

paragraph: With the Hebrew language being for all intents and purposes banned by the USSR the Jewish culture necessarily adopted an Yiddish as their alternative language. These changes effected Jewish authors as they had to not only switch their language of trade but also abide by Soviet literary regulations - per the increasingly harshly enforced rules of censorship in the Soviet Union. Namely, all Soviet authors had to lionize the government and the activity of the Communist Party and to express admiration for all state heroes.

paragraph: Zvi ignored these mandates and continued writing in Hebrew, giving his characters simple Jewish names and complicated Jewish problems. The author did so as his works were secret and were not meant for Soviet publication.

paragraph: Most of Zvi's writing during this time were circled around the Character Benjamin the Fourth - as seen in the book When the Lamp Fade Away, this character was based on the author's self-image. The stories center around loving and soft-spoken persona - people trapped in the reality of revolution, war and the destruction of their religious and cultural traditions.

paragraph: With the beginning of the Great Purge contact with international entities, let alone other countries, were becoming extremely dangerous. Zvi is forced to stop mailing his stories and poems overseas yet continues writing in secret.

paragraph: Section::::Adulthood.:World War II.

paragraph: Shortly after the initiation of the war, due to his profession Zvi was recalled from the People's Militia and sent by the Ministry of Natural Resources to Karaganda as the location became the prime provider of coal after the conquest of Donbass by the Third Reich.

paragraph: The Holocaust and overall suffering of the Jewish People had a tremendous influence on Zvi and inspired the book When the Lamp Fades Away (The Perpetual Fire) - in which, once the Jews are exterminated or driven out of City of Hadiach a memorial lamp that has been alight for over a century goes dark. The closing sentiments of the book are Zionist wishes for a land where the Jews would be safe of such suffering. Zvi wrote this work in Hebrew and complete secrecy, so much so as to hide the efforts from his own Family. Never satisfied with the work the author rewrites it numerous times, only finishing it in 1962. The book is later published in Israel in 1966 under the pen name A. Tsfoni.

paragraph: Section::::Older years.

paragraph: Section::::Older years.:Post War years.

paragraph: Between 1945-1948 Zvi continues to write stories with the main messages of Jewish Holocaust and World War II. This activity is ever risky and the Stalin regime withholds as much information on Jewish war suffering due to increasing antisemitism in the Soviet Union. This area of writings contains a greater amount of spirituality which was not present in the author prior to the war. An example of this is found in the story "Shaddai" (1945) where a talisman with that word is a key device in the plot. Other characters in stories of this time return to the faith of their forefathers when faced with war and terror.

paragraph: Section::::Older years.:Arrest.

paragraph: On March 1, 1949 Zvi Preigerzon is arrested as a result of the arrest of his friends, the Hebrew author Zvi Politikin, 1895-1968 (Pen Name: Moshe Heg) and Hebrew expert Meir Baazov.

paragraph: The arrests were provoked by a friend by the name of Alex Gordon. Zvi was sentenced to 10 years as an anti-soviet dissident and sent Gulag labor camps. The author served his sentence in three different institutions in the Karaganda area: in Inta, and Vorkuta. When imprisoned in Vorkuta, Zvi was given the ability to use his professional education and was made the head of a research unit focusing on mineral processing.

paragraph: Aside from the practical tasks assigned to Zvi and his team, the author conducted research and got a patent, while imprisoned, for the creation of an innovative coal collecting machine. Zvi was considered ideologically rehabilitated by December 1955 but voluntarily stayed in Vorkuta until 1957 to finish his scientific work.

paragraph: While in camp, Zvi taught many young Jews Hebrew and Jewish literature. One such student was Meir Gelfond, a future doctor, who opened a Hebrew Language school in Moscow in the 1970s.

paragraph: Section::::Older years.:Post arrest.

paragraph: After his release from the camps, Zvi traveled to Moscow and started working on "Memoirs of a Gulag Prisoner" finishing the volume in 1958. The book describes his experiences over the past decade and the many people he met and interacted with; among these the poets , Jacob Steinberg and .

paragraph: In Moscow Zvi was recognized for his scientific achievements and made a Dean of the Moscow State Mining University where he proceeded to teach and create educational materials in his field of expertise. The author spends his nights writing in Hebrew and has commented in the "Memoirs of a Gulag Prisoner" that he would face a second and third arrest but would not stop writing in his beloved language.

paragraph: During the 1960s Zvi writes two major stories (in translation) "Hebrew" (1960) and "Twenty Heroes" (1965). "Hebrew" is largely somewhat of autobiographical story with the main character being the language itself which prisoners use to communicate. "Twenty Heroes" is a return to faith type story in which pensioners reopen an old synagogue in post World War II Soviet territory despite the misgivings of the local authorities. These writings were expressions of the author's continued desire to return to the holy-land.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On March 15, 1969 Zvi Preigerzon died from a complicated heart attack in Moscow and was cremated. Rather befitting the complicated nature of the author's life, his journey would only end in 1970 in the very country of which he wrote and to which he wished to return.

paragraph: Zvi's relatives worked for over a year to have his ashes sent to Israel (via postal mail as no other option was available) and a second burial took place on June 22, 1970 at the Shefayim Cemetery in Israel.

paragraph: In 1986 Zvi's widow Lea had joined her husband in the Shfayim cemetery in Israel. Two of their children are now buried there as well: Benjamin (on August 23, 2012) and Athaliah (on October 29, 2015).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Most of Zvi's works are available in Russian on Google Books:

paragraph: 1. Burden of a Name

paragraph: 2. An Unfinished Story

paragraph: 3. Memories of a Gulag Prisoner

paragraph: 4. A book written by Nina Preigerzon (Zvi's daughter) about the author: My Father Zvi Preigerzon

paragraph: Section::::Audio / video materials.

paragraph: Several audio tapes have been digitized and published on YouTube and can be found here, due to the nature of the original recordings the quality is mediocre at best.

alias:
Zvi-Gersh Preigerzon
A. Tsefoni
A. Tsfoni

description: Soviet writer (1900-1969)

wikidata_label: Zvi Preigerzon

wikipedia_title: Zvi Preigerzon


text:
Basque
Communist Party of the Basque Country
Spanish Civil War
San Sebastián
Gipuzkoa
Basques
Spanish Communist Party
Second Spanish Republic
Pasaia
José Bullejos
José Díaz
Vicente Uribe
Antonio Mije
Jesús Hernández Tomás
José Bullejos
Communist International
Asturian miners' strike of October 1934
Moscow
Leandro Carro
Santiago Carrillo
Euskadi Roja
Communist Party of the Basque Country
Ramón Ormazábal
Spanish Civil War
Jesús Monzón
José Antonio Aguirre
Jesús Larrañaga
Panama
Dolores Ibárruri
Cuba
Euskadiko Ezkerra

wikipedia_title:
Basques
Communist Party of the Basque Country
Spanish Civil War
San Sebastián
Gipuzkoa
Basques
Spanish Communist Party
Second Spanish Republic
Pasaia
José Bullejos
José Díaz (politician)
Vicente Uribe
Antonio Mije
Jesús Hernández Tomás
José Bullejos
Communist International
Asturian miners' strike of 1934
Moscow
Leandro Carro
Santiago Carrillo
Euskadi Roja
Communist Party of the Basque Country
Ramón Ormazábal
Spanish Civil War
Jesús Monzón
José Antonio Aguirre (politician)
Jesús Larrañaga
Panama
Dolores Ibárruri
Cuba
Euskadiko Ezkerra

categories: 1901 births,Basque politicians,Spanish communists,Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Cuba,1989 deaths

paragraph: Juan Astigarrabía

paragraph: Juan Domingo Astigarrabía Andonegui (20 November 1901 – 4 March 1989) was a Basque communist politician, one of the founders of the Communist Party of the Basque Country and its first secretary-general. He was made a scapegoat for the fall of the North during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). He was expelled from the party and went into exile in Panama. Later he was rehabilitated and later still returned to Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Early years (1901–32).

paragraph: Juan Domingo Astigarrabía Andonegui was born in San Sebastián, the capital of Gipuzkoa, on 20 November 1901.

paragraph: His family were liberal Basques and early Basque socialists.

paragraph: He studied navigation for three years, and traveled widely as a sailor.

paragraph: As a young man he joined the "Federación Vasco-Navarra" of the "Partido Comunista Español" (PCE, Spanish Communist Party), and with the Zapirain brothers made the first contacts in 1924–25 in the construction industry. He belonged to the "Federación Local de Sociedades Obreras" (Local Federation of Workers' Societies).

paragraph: He toured throughout Spain setting up party cells.

paragraph: At the time the Second Spanish Republic (1931–39) was created Astigarrabía was one of the group of Basque communists that headed the trade union movement in San Sebastián and Pasaia.

paragraph: Police records name him as their leader.

paragraph: He led a march of fishermen from Pasaia to the capital, which resulted in several deaths by gunfire from the security forces.

paragraph: Section::::Party leader (1932–36).

paragraph: In 1932 the Spanish Communist Party made a major change in direction when it abandoned the Comintern slogan "Workers' and Peasants' Government" and adopted "Defense of the Republic".

paragraph: Astigarrabía was among the new leaders of the party who succeeded José Bullejos.

paragraph: The others were José Díaz, Vicente Uribe, Antonio Mije and Jesús Hernández Tomás.

paragraph: Astigarrabía was elected to the National Executive of the PCE, and attended the Congress of Seville.

paragraph: He was considered as a successor to José Bullejos, but the Communist International chose José Díaz, with whom he had very strained relations.

paragraph: In 1934 Astigarrabía was appointed secretary-general of the "Federación Vasco-Navarra" of the PCE.

paragraph: During 1934 the Federation became the "Partido Comunista de Euzkadi" (Basque Communist Party), with the idea of including the three Basque departments in the southwest of France in what would become the "Union of Basque-Navarrese Socialist Republics". This would introduce a revolutionary element into France.

paragraph: However, Astigarrabía observed later that he had absolutely no independence from the PCE.

paragraph: After the revolutionary uprising that developed from the Asturian miners' strike of October 1934 he went into hiding.

paragraph: Astigarrabía participated in the Congress of Bilbao in 1935.

paragraph: In 1935 Astigarrabía was one of the members of the Spanish delegation to the 7th Congress of the Communist International.

paragraph: He traveled to Moscow with Leandro Carro and Santiago Carrillo.

paragraph: He was not impressed by what he saw in Moscow and disagreed with his companions in the PCE leadership.

paragraph: He was a frequent contributor to "La Antorcha" and to "Euskadi Roja", which was created in 1933.

paragraph: In June 1935 he was elected first secretary-general of the Communist Party of the Basque Country ("Euskadiko Partidu Komunista", EPK) at its founding conference.

paragraph: Ramón Ormazábal was another founding member of the EPK in 1935.

paragraph: Ormazábal was against the autonomy of the EPK from the PCE proposed by Astigarrabía.

paragraph: Section::::Civil war (1936–39).

paragraph: With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936 Astigarrabía and the other Basque communist leaders, Jesús Monzón and Ramón Ormazábal, became isolated in the North.

paragraph: From November 1936 to June 1937 Astigarrabía represented the Basque Communist Party as Director of Public Works in the Basque government of José Antonio Aguirre.

paragraph: After the fall of the Basque front in 1937 Astigarrabía was made a scapegoat.

paragraph: The Basque Communist Party held a conference on 12–13 December 1937 in Barcelona, where they decided to expel him for excessive "proximity" to Basque nationalism.

paragraph: Although the Basques had the right for self-determination, this could only be achieved after the successful defense of the Spanish Republic against the Fascists and the victory of the popular revolution.

paragraph: Ramón Ormazabal accused him and Jesús Larrañaga of causing the fall of Biscay through "appeasement" and nationalism.

paragraph: Astigarrabía made a self-criticism, was expelled from the party and left Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Exile and return (1938–89).

paragraph: Astigarrabía went into exile with his family and lived in Panama for 21 years.

paragraph: After twenty years Dolores Ibárruri stated that he was "recoverable".

paragraph: He rejoined the PCE, and then moved to Cuba for the next 20 years.

paragraph: After the Basque Communist Party was reorganized in 1974 he was given a symbolic position in the party, which was now headed by Ormazábal.

paragraph: In the late 1970s Astigarrabía left his family in Cuba to return to Basque politics.

paragraph: He returned to Spain in 1980, and was named Honorary President of "Euskadiko Ezkerra" on his return.

paragraph: Astigarrabía died in his home in San Sebastián on 4 March 1989.

alias:
Juan Domingo Astigarrabía Andonegui
Juan Domingo Astigarrabia Andonegui

wikidata_label: Juan Astigarrabia Andonegui

wikipedia_title: Juan Astigarrabía


text:
Israel
performer
dramatist
Jerusalem
Mandate era
Ehud
Eviatar
Orna
IDF
Hanoch Levine
Yaakov Shabtai
cabaret
revue
chanson
Jacques Brel
Georges Brassens
Naomi Shemer
cancer
Tel Aviv
Mashina
Israel Prize
Ervinka
List of Israel Prize recipients

wikipedia_title:
Israel
Performing arts
Playwright
Jerusalem
Mandatory Palestine
Ehud Banai
Eviatar Banai
Orna Banai
Israel Defense Forces
Hanoch Levin
Yaakov Shabtai
Cabaret
Revue
Chanson
Jacques Brel
Georges Brassens
Naomi Shemer
Cancer
Tel Aviv
Mashina
Israel Prize
Ervinka
List of Israel Prize recipients

categories: Israeli male stage actors,Male actors from Jerusalem,1932 births,Deaths from cancer in Israel,2006 deaths,Israeli people of Iranian-Jewish descent,Israeli male singers,Banai family,People from Jerusalem,Israeli entertainers,Israeli male film actors,Israel Prize in theatre recipients

paragraph: Yossi Banai

paragraph: Yosef "Yossi" Banai (; April 13, 1932 – May 11, 2006) was an Israeli performer, singer, actor, and dramatist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Banai was born in Jerusalem during the Mandate era, and grew up in the neighborhood of the Mahane Yehuda market. He was one of the more prominent members of a family celebrated for producing several famous performers and musicians: his brothers Gavri, Ya'akov and Haim are actors, his son Yuval and nephews Ehud, Uri, Me'ir and Eviatar are musicians and singers (some of whom occasionally act), and his niece Orna is an actress and comedian.

paragraph: Banai was one of the first members of the IDF's famous troupe of performers, the Nahal troupe. He dropped out of school in sixth grade to join the theatre, studied acting under Fanny Lovitch and eventually joined the company of Habima theatre. Throughout his lifetime he collaborated with most of the active theatre companies in Israel performing in countless productions. He had a particularly close relationship with playwright Nissim Aloni, and starred in the premiers of many of Aloni's plays. Banai also inaugurated famous roles in the plays of Hanoch Levine and Yaakov Shabtai.

paragraph: Banai himself wrote several cabaret style revues, which he typically performed solo. He also wrote and directed comic sketches for the comedy trio Hagashash Hachiver, one of whose members was his brother, Gavri.

paragraph: As a singer, he was famous for his personal presentation, smoky voice and penchant for performing French chansons. Some of his revues consisted of renditions of the songs of Jacques Brel and Georges Brassens, which were often translated from French for him by Naomi Shemer. Shemer also wrote several of her own songs for Banai.

paragraph: He died of cancer in Tel Aviv. He was survived by his wife and three sons (one of whom is Yuval Banai, lead singer of one of Israel's most influential pop rock bands Mashina).

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: In 1998, Banai was awarded the Israel Prize for "stage arts – theatre" for his contribution to Israeli theatre.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Les Patriotes (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haham Gamliel (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ha Glula (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 999 Aliza Mizrahi (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ervinka (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fortuna (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Af Milah L'Morgenstein (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Havura Shekazot (1963)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Israel Prize recipients

description: Israeli actor, singer and writer

wikidata_label: Yossi Banai

wikipedia_title: Yossi Banai


text: United States Senator

text: Rhode Island

text: Providence

text: Brown University

text: bar

text: Democratic-Republican

text: North Burial Ground

text: David Howell

text: Continental Congress

categories: 1771 births,United States Senators from Rhode Island,1822 deaths,Rhode Island Democratic-Republicans,Brown University alumni

paragraph: Jeremiah B. Howell

paragraph: Jeremiah Brown Howell (August 28, 1771February 5, 1822) was a United States Senator from Rhode Island. Born in Providence, he attended private schools, pursued classical studies and graduated from the College of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (the former name of Brown University) at Providence in 1789. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1793 and commenced practice in Providence. He was a brigadier general in the State militia, and was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate, serving from March 4, 1811, to March 4, 1817. On June 17, 1812, he voted against declaring war against Britain, He was not a candidate for reelection. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on Pensions (Fourteenth Congress).

paragraph: Howell died in Providence in 1822; interment was in North Burial Ground.

paragraph: Howell's father, David Howell, had been a member of the Continental Congress.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Jeremiah B. Howell

wikipedia_title: Jeremiah B. Howell


text:
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Cincinnati Reds
New York Yankees
Los Angeles
shutout
Pittsburgh Pirates
rookie
earned run average
wins
National League
innings pitched
Pittsburgh Pirates
Crosley Field
Philadelphia Phillies
minor leagues
strikeout-to-walk ratio
batting average
home run
RBI
Vernon Tigers
Pacific Coast League
Salt Lake City
double

categories: 1957 deaths,1895 births,New York Yankees players,Baseball players from California,Vernon Tigers players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Cincinnati Reds players

paragraph: Pete Schneider

paragraph: Peter Joseph Schneider (August 20, 1895 – June 1, 1957) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Cincinnati Reds (1914–1918) and New York Yankees (1919). Schneider batted and threw right-handed.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Los Angeles, California, Schneider was a hard-throwing pitcher who struggled with injuries and control problems. At age 18, he made a promising debut with the Cincinnati Reds in 1914, pitching a 1–0 shutout against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Despite a 5–14 mark in his rookie season he finished with a 2.92 earned run average. He recorded 14 wins in 1915 while posting a 2.48 ERA but led all National League pitchers with 19 losses. His most productive season came in 1917 when he posted career-highs with 20 wins and 333-2/3 innings pitched, but he lost 19 games for the third consecutive year.

paragraph: On Opening Day 1918 against the Pittsburgh Pirates, Schneider threw a 1–0, one-hit shutout at Crosley Field. In July, he pitched a 10–0 one-hitter against the Philadelphia Phillies into the ninth inning, but walked the first six batters. Finally, Cincinnati won 10–9. Schneider pitched briefly for the Yankees in 1919. He injured his arm that season, converted to the outfield, and continued playing in the minor leagues until 1926.

paragraph: In a six-season MLB career, Schneider posted a 59–86 record with a 2.66 ERA in 1274 innings. He recorded 10 shutouts among his 59 victories and had a 0.977 strikeout-to-walk ratio (487-to-498). As a hitter, he had a .221 batting average (96-for-434) with five home runs and 26 RBI.

paragraph: From 1919 to 1925, Schneider played for the Vernon Tigers of the Pacific Coast League. On May 11, 1923, he set league records by hitting five home runs with 14 RBI in a game, during a 35–11 romp over Salt Lake City. A sixth home run was missed by two feet when he belted a line-drive double off the center field fence. That season, Schneider hit 19 home runs and ranked third in the PCL with a .360 batting average.

paragraph: Schneider died in Los Angeles at the age of 61.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Pete Schneider

wikipedia_title: Pete Schneider


text:
Toyota Tundra
Venturini Motorsports
Chevrolet Silverado
MDM Motorsports
Road America

categories: NASCAR drivers,Racing drivers from California,21st-century American racing drivers,1989 births,Living people

paragraph: Brian Wong (racing driver)

paragraph: Brian Wong is an American NASCAR driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and the ARCA Racing Series.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:NASCAR Camping World Truck Series.

paragraph: Wong began his Truck Series career in 2015, driving the No. 25 Toyota Tundra for Venturini Motorsports at Bowmanville. He finished 12th, and this was his only race for the season.

paragraph: Wong returned to the Truck Series in 2017, driving the No. 99 Chevrolet Silverado for MDM Motorsports. He again competed in the Bowmanville race and finished 12th.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:NASCAR K&N Pro Series West.

paragraph: Wong’s NASCAR career first began in the K&N West Series in 2008, where he drove the No. 89 Chevrolet for his own team, Speed Wong Racing, in four races. Wong has competed 6 years in the West Series, with a best ranking in points standings of 20th in 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:NASCAR K&N Pro Series East.

paragraph: Wong participated in two races in the East Series, one each in 2009 and 2015. In 2009, he drove the No. 89 Dodge and in 2015, he drove the No. 40 Chevrolet.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:ARCA Racing Series.

paragraph: Wong has ran one race each in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2017 in the ARCA Racing Series. Three of the races were at Millville, and the last was at Road America.

wikidata_label: Brian Wong

wikipedia_title: Brian Wong (racing driver)


text:
German
goldsmith
seal engraver
Aachen
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Metropolitan Museum of Art
bishop
Aachen Cathedral

paragraph: Hans von Reutlingen

paragraph: Hans von Reutlingen (1492-1524) was a German goldsmith and seal engraver who was born in, lived, and plied his trade in the city of Aachen. He worked under the patronage of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. The Metropolitan Museum of Art holds one of his works, a gold-gilted bishop statuette. Some of his pieces are also housed in the Aachen Cathedral.

description: german goldsmith

wikidata_label: Hans von Reutlingen

wikipedia_title: Hans von Reutlingen


text:
Persia
Satrap
Hellespontine Phrygia
Pharnaces II of Phrygia
Pharnabazus I
Artabazus I
Pharnacid dynasty
satrapy
Dascylium
Artaxerxes II of Persia
Artabazus
Barsine
Alexander the Great
Theodor Nöldeke
Otanes
Darius
Smerdis
Aegean
Second Persian invasion of Greece
Delian League
Athenian Empire
Darius II of Persia
Ionia
Tissaphernes
Tissaphernes
Caria
Sparta
Athens
Peloponnesian war
Alcibiades
Achaemenid Empire
Lysander
Peloponnesian War
Aegean
Artaxerxes II
Cyrus the Younger
Ten Thousand
Bithynia
Ten Thousand
Hellespontine Phrygia
Anaxibius
Byzantium
Agesilaos
Daskyleion
plain of Thebe
Troad
plain of Thebe
Artaxerxes II
Greece
Corinthian War
Sparta
Athens
Thebes
Corinth
Argos
Timocrates of Rhodes
Darics
Achaemenid coinage
Plutarch
Toxotai
Daric
Corinthian War
Battle of Cnidus
Conon
Abydus
Sestus
Melos
Greco-Persian Wars
Pherae
Messenia
helot
Laconia
Cythera
Peloponnesia
Egypt
Taenarum
Demaratus
Xerxes I
Corinth
Xenophon
Hellenica
Long Walls
Piraeus
Attica
long walls
Piraeus
Thrasybulus
Scyros
Imbros
Lemnos
cleruchies
Tiribazus
Artaxerxes II
Asia Minor
Treaty of Antalcidas
Ionia
Aeolis
Artaxerxes II
Iphicrates
Chabrias
Nectanebo I
Chabrias
Iphicrates
Mendes
Pelusium
Nectanebo I
Diodorus Siculus
Cornelius Nepos
Iphicrates
Pelusiac
Nile
Memphis
Nile flood
Datames
Satraps' Revolt
Great Satraps' Revolt
Sparta
Tarsos
Cilicia
Ates
Baal
Hellenica
Xenophon
Anabasis
History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydide
Artabazos II
Rhodes
Philip II
Barsine
Rhodian
Alexander the Great

categories: 5th-century BC Iranian people,Achaemenid satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia,People of the Corinthian War,Military leaders of the Achaemenid Empire,People of the Peloponnesian War,5th-century BC rulers,Pharnacid dynasty,Achaemenid Egypt

paragraph: Pharnabazus II

paragraph: Pharnabazus II (ruled 413-374 BC) was a Persian soldier and statesman, and Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia. He was the son of Pharnaces II of Phrygia and grandson of Pharnabazus I, and great-grandson of Artabazus I. He and his male ancestors, forming the Pharnacid dynasty, had governed the satrapy of Hellespontine Phrygia from its headquarters at Dascylium since 478 BC. He married Apama, daughter of Artaxerxes II of Persia, and their son Artabazus was likewise a satrap of Phrygia. His grand-daughter Barsine married Alexander the Great.

paragraph: According to research by Theodor Nöldeke, he was descended from Otanes, one of the associates of Darius in the murder of Smerdis.

paragraph: Athens was the dominant power in the Aegean in the 5th century BC, following the repulse of the Achaemenids in the Second Persian invasion of Greece (480-479 BC). Athens, powered by the alliance formed under the Delian League, has even been called the Athenian Empire at that time, and formed the largest threat to the Achaemenid possessions in Asia Minor.

paragraph: Pharnabazus II is first recorded as satrap of this province in 413 BC, when he received orders from Darius II of Persia to send in the outstanding tribute of the Greek cities on the Ionian coast, tribute he had a hard time to obtain due to Athenian interference. Thucydides described this situation, faced by both satraps Pharnabazes and Tissaphernes:

paragraph: He, like Tissaphernes of Caria, entered into negotiations with Sparta and began a war with Athens. The conduct of the war was much hindered by the rivalry between the two satraps, of whom Pharnabazus was by far the more energetic and upright. Pharnabazus initially fought with the Spartans against the Athenians during the Peloponnesian war (431–404 BC), even, in one instance, coming to the rescue of the retreating Spartan forces, and riding his horse into the sea to fend off the Athenians while encouraging his regiment.

paragraph: In 404 BC, Pharnabazus may also have been responsible for the assassination of the Athenian general Alcibiades, who had taken refuge in the Achaemenid Empire. The assassination was probably at the instigation of the Spartans, and specifically Lysander. As Alcibiades was about to set out for the Persian court, his residence was surrounded and set on fire. Seeing no chance of escape he rushed out on his assassins, dagger in hand, and was killed by a shower of arrows.

paragraph: Section::::Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia.:War with Sparta against Athens (c.413-404 BC).:Conflict with the Ten Thousand (399 BC).

paragraph: After their victory in the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), the Spartans became the dominant power in the Aegean, creating a new threat for the Achaemenid Empire. The Spartans then antagonized the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II by militarily supporting the rival bid of his brother Cyrus the Younger, their ally during the Peloponnesian war, leading to the campaign of the Ten Thousand deep into Achaemenid territory in 401-399 BC. Cyrus the Younger failed, but the relationship between Sparta and the Achaemenid Empire remained adversarial.

paragraph: Pharnabazus was involved in helping the Bithynians against the plundering raids of the Greek Ten Thousand who were returning from their failed campaign in the center of the Achaemenid Empire. He was also trying to stop them from entering Hellespontine Phrygia. His cavalry is said to have killed about 500 Greek mercenaries on that occasion, and mounted several raids on the Greek mercenaries. Pharnabazus then arranged with Spartan Admiral Anaxibius for the rest of the Greek mercenaries to be shipped out of the Asian continent to Byzantium.

paragraph: Section::::Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia.:War with Athens against Sparta (395–387 BC).:Conflict with Spartan King Agesilaos in Asia Minor.

paragraph: Hellespontine Phrygia was attacked and ravaged by the Spartan king Agesilaos in 396-395 BCE, who particularly laid waste to the area around Daskyleion, the capital of Hellenistic Phrygia. Pharnabazus had several military encounters against the invading Spartans on this occasion. Pharnabazus finally met in person with Agesilaos, and Agesilaos agreed to remove himself from Hellespontine Phrygia proper and retreated to the plain of Thebe in the Troad.

paragraph: In 394, while encamped on the plain of Thebe, Agesilaus was still planning a campaign in the interior of Asia Minor, or even an attack on Artaxerxes II himself, when he was recalled to Greece to fight in the Corinthian War between Sparta and the combined forces of Athens, Thebes, Corinth, Argos and several minor states.

paragraph: The outbreak of the conflict in Greece had been encouraged by Persian payments to Sparta's Greek rivals, and had for effect to remove the Spartan threat in Asia Minor. Pharnabazus sent Timocrates of Rhodes as an envoy to Greece, and tens of thousands of Darics, the main currency in Achaemenid coinage, were used to bribe the Greek states to start a war against Sparta. According to Plutarch, Agesilaus said upon leaving Asia Minor "I have been driven out by 10,000 Persian archers", a reference to "Archers" ("Toxotai") the Greek nickname for the Darics from their obverse design, because that much money had been paid to politicians in Athens and Thebes in order to start a war against Sparta.

paragraph: Pharnabazes went on to aid the Athenians against the Spartans in the Corinthian War (394–387 BC). During this period, Pharnabazus is notable for his command of the Achaemenid fleet at the Battle of Cnidus (394 BC) in which the Persians, allied with the former Athenian admiral and then commissioned into Persian service, Conon, annihilated the Spartan fleet, ending Sparta's brief status as the dominant Greek naval power.

paragraph: Section::::Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia.:War with Athens against Sparta (395–387 BC).:Participation to the Corinthian War on the side of Athens (395-393 BC).:Naval raids in Ionia.

paragraph: Pharnabazus followed up his victory at Cnidus by capturing several Spartan-allied cities in Ionia, instigating pro-Athenian and pro-Democracy mouvements. Abydus and Sestus were the only cities to refuse to expel the Lacedaemonians despite threats from Pharnabazus to make war on them. He attempted to force these into submission by ravaging the surrounding territory, but this proved fruitless, leading him to leave Conon in charge of winning over the cities in the Hellespont.

paragraph: Section::::Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia.:War with Athens against Sparta (395–387 BC).:Participation to the Corinthian War on the side of Athens (395-393 BC).:Naval raids on the Peloponnesian coast.

paragraph: From 393 BC, Pharnabazus II and Conon sailed with his fleet to the Aegean island of Melos and established a base there. This was the first time in 90 years, since the Greco-Persian Wars, that the Achaemenid fleet was going so far west. The military occupation by these pro-Athenian forces led to several democratic revolutions and new alliances with Athens in the islands.

paragraph: The fleet proceeded further west to take revenge on the Spartans by invading Lacedaemonian territory, where the Achaemenids laid waste to Pherae and raided along the Messenian coast. Their aim was probably to instigate a revolt of the Messanian helots against Sparta. Eventually they left due to scarce resources and few harbors for the Achaemenid fleet in the area, as well as the looming possibility of Lacedaemonian relief forces being dispatched.

paragraph: They then raided the coast of Laconia and seized the island of Cythera, where they left a garrison and an Athenian governor to cripple Sparta's offensive military capabilities. Cythera in effect became Achaemenid territory. Seizing Cythera also had the effect of cutting the strategic route between Peloponnesia and Egypt and thus avoiding Spartan-Egyptian collusion, and directly threatening Taenarum, the harbour of Sparta. This strategy to threaten Sparta had already been recommended, in vain, by the exiled Spartan Demaratus to Xerxes I in 480 BC.

paragraph: Pharnabazus II, leaving part of his fleet in Cythera, then went to Corinth, where he gave Sparta's rivals funds to further threaten the Lacedaemonians. He also funded the rebuilding of a Corinthian fleet to resist the Spartans.

paragraph: Xenophon gave a detailed contemporary account of the naval campaign of Pharnabazus in his "Hellenica":

paragraph: Section::::Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia.:War with Athens against Sparta (395–387 BC).:Participation to the Corinthian War on the side of Athens (395-393 BC).:Rebuilding of the walls of Athens.

paragraph: After being convinced by Conon that allowing him to rebuild the Long Walls around Piraeus, the main port of Athens, would be a major blow to the Lacedaemonians, Pharnabazus eagerly gave Conon a fleet of 80 triremes and additional funds to accomplish this task. Pharnabazus dispatched Conon with substantial funds and a large part of the fleet to Attica, where he joined in the rebuilding of the long walls from Athens to Piraeus, a project that had been initiated by Thrasybulus in 394 BC.

paragraph: According to Xenophon in "Hellenica":

paragraph: With the assistance of the rowers of the fleet, and the workers paid for by the Persian money, the construction was soon completed. Athens quickly took advantage of its possession of walls and a fleet to seize the islands of Scyros, Imbros, and Lemnos, on which it established cleruchies (citizen colonies).

paragraph: As a reward for his success, Pharnabazus was allowed to marry the king's daughter, Apame. He was recalled to the Achaemenid Empire in 393 BC, and replaced by satrap Tiribazus.

paragraph: Section::::Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia.:Final settlement with Sparta (386 BCE).

paragraph: In 386 BC, Artaxerxes II betrayed his Athenian allies and came to an arrangement with Sparta, to the expense of the Greek cities of Asia Minor, which Sparta agreed to concede to the Achaemenids in exchange for Spartan domination in Greece. In the Treaty of Antalcidas he forced his erstwhile allies to come to terms. This treaty restored control of the Greek cities of Ionia and Aeolis on the Anatolian coast to the Persians, while giving Sparta dominance on the Greek mainland.

paragraph: In 377 BC, Pharnabazus was then reassigned by Artaxerxes II to help command a military expedition into rebellious Egypt, having proven his ability against the Spartans.

paragraph: After 4 years of preparations in the Levant, Pharnabazes gathered an expeditionary force had 200,000 Persian troops, 300 triremes, 200 galleys, and 12,000 Greeks under Iphicrates. The Achaemenid Empire had also been applying pressure on Athens to recall the Greek general Chabrias, who was in the service of the Egyptians, but in vain. The Egyptian ruler Nectanebo I was thus supported by Athenian General Chabrias and his mercenaries.

paragraph: Section::::Campaign against Egypt (373 BC).:Expedition.

paragraph: The force landed in Egypt with the Athenian general Iphicrates near Mendes in 373 BC. The expedition force was too slow, giving time to the Egyptians to strengthen defenses. Pharnabazus and Iphicrates appeared before Pelusium, but retired without attacking it, Nectanebo I, king of Egypt, having added to its former defences by laying the neighboring lands under water, and blocking up the navigable channels of the Nile by embankments. (Diodorus Siculus xv. 42; Cornelius Nepos, "Iphicrates" c. 5.) Fortifications on the Pelusiac branch of the Nile ordered by Nectanebo forced the enemy fleet to seek another way to sail up the Nile. Eventually the fleet managed to find its way up the less-defended Mendesian branch. At this point, the mutual distrust that had arisen between Iphicrates and Pharnabazus prevented the enemy from reaching Memphis. Then the annual Nile flood and the Egyptian defenders' resolve to defend their territory turned what had initially appeared as certain defeat for Nectanebo I and his troops into a complete victory.

paragraph: After several weeks the Persians, and their Greek mercenaries under Iphicrates, had to reembark. The expedition against Egypt had failed. It was the end of the career of Pharnabazus, who was now over 70 years old. Pharnabazes was replaced by Datames to lead a second expedition to Egypt, but he failed and then started the "Satraps' Revolt" against the Great King.

paragraph: From 368 BCE many western satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire started to rebel against Artaxerxes II, in the Great Satraps' Revolt, so Nectanebo provided financial support to the rebelling satraps and re-established ties with both Sparta and Athens.

paragraph: Section::::Campaign against Egypt (373 BC).:Coinage.

paragraph: A large number of coins have been found from that period, presumably in order to pay for the troops, particularly for the Greek troops under Iphicrates. The large coinage was minted in Tarsos, Cilicia. The coins use images of the god of war Ates wearing an Attic helmet, or a seated Baal.

paragraph: Section::::Pharnabazus in Greek literature.

paragraph: Pharnabazus was one of the best known Satraps among the Greeks, and had many exchanges with them. He is one of the main characters in the "Hellenica" of Xenophon, also appears in his "Anabasis", and is also very present in the "History of the Peloponnesian War" of Thucydide.

paragraph: The family of Pharnabazus was closely related to the Greek world. His son Artabazos II married a Greek noblewoman from Rhodes, and lived in exile with his family at the Macedonian court of Philip II for more than ten years. His grand-daughter Barsine was half Rhodian Greek, and married Alexander the Great.

description: Persian Satrap

wikidata_label: Pharnabazos II, Satrap of Phrygia

wikipedia_title: Pharnabazus II


text:
Pope Leo X
consistory

categories: Bishops of Como,Bishops of Piacenza,Italian cardinals,Year of birth unknown,1527 deaths,House of Trivulzio,Archbishops of Vienne

paragraph: Scaramuccia Trivulzio

paragraph: He was made cardinal in July 1517 by Pope Leo X. It was his fifth consistory.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Scaramuccia Trivulzio

wikipedia_title: Scaramuccia Trivulzio


text: St Petersburg

text: Russia

text: Dimitri Alexandrovich Obolensky

text: Rurik

text: Igor

text: Svyatoslav

text: St Vladimir of Kiev

text: St Michael of Chernigov

text: Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov

text: Russian Revolution

text: Royal Navy

text: Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna

text: Grand Duke Nicholas

text: Lycée Pasteur

text: Neuilly-sur-Seine

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: Blue

text: lawn tennis

text: academic

text: Fellow

text: Trinity College

text: University of Cambridge

text: University of Oxford

text: Student

text: Christ Church, Oxford

text: Byzantine commonwealth

text: Bogomils

text: Fellow of the British Academy

text: Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries

text: Knight Bachelor

text: Athenaeum

text: Russian Orthodox Church

text: Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford

text: Wolvercote Cemetery

categories: Historians of Russia,Historians of Europe,Russian Byzantinists,British historians of religion,Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge,Fellows of the British Academy,Imperial Russian emigrants to the United Kingdom,Lycée Pasteur alumni,Obolensky family,1918 births,2001 deaths,Knights Bachelor,Fellows of Christ Church, Oxford,Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,20th-century English historians,Russian medievalists,Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge,Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London

paragraph: Dimitri Obolensky

paragraph: Sir Dimitri Obolensky (19 March/1 April 1918 in St Petersburg – 23 December 2001) was a Russian-British historian who was Professor of Russian and Balkan History at the University of Oxford and the author of various historical works.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Prince Dimitri Dimitrievich Obolensky was born in Russia on 1 April 1918 in St Petersburg, the son of Prince Dimitri Alexandrovich Obolensky (1882–1964) and Countess Maria (Shuvalova) (1894–1973). His family was descended from Rurik, Igor, Svyatoslav, St Vladimir of Kiev, St Michael of Chernigov, and Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov - however, as one of his students has written, "he was a sober enough scholar to know that Rurik may not actually have existed." After the Russian Revolution, the Royal Navy helped the Obolensky family to escape from Russia in 1919, together with the Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna and the Grand Duke Nicholas. He was educated in Britain at Lynchmere Preparatory School, Eastbourne, and in France at the Lycée Pasteur in Neuilly-sur-Seine, before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he distinguished himself with a Blue for lawn tennis and graduated in 1940.

paragraph: Obolensky became a distinguished academic. He was elected a Fellow of Trinity College (1942–48, Honorary Fellow 1991-2001) and Lecturer in Slavonic Studies, University of Cambridge (1946–48). He became a British national in 1948.

paragraph: From 1949 to 1961, Obolensky was Reader in Russian and Balkan Medieval History at the University of Oxford (1949–61) and subsequently Professor of Russian and Balkan History (1961–85, Emeritus 1985-2001). He was also a Student of Christ Church, Oxford (1950–85, Emeritus 1985-2001). He later became Vice-President of the Keston Institute, Oxford.

paragraph: Obolensky's most enduring achievement was "The Byzantine commonwealth" (1971), a large-scale synthesis of the history of the eastern Roman Empire. Other major studies include "The Bogomils: a study in Balkan neo-Manichaeism" (1946) and "Six Byzantine Portraits" (1988).

paragraph: Obolensky was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (1974, Vice-President 1983-85), as well as Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and appointed a Knight Bachelor (1984). He was a member of the Athenaeum. In 1988 he returned to Russia as a delegate to the 'Sobor' or Council of the Russian Orthodox Church convoked to celebrate the 1,000th anniversary of the conversion of Russia to Christianity.

paragraph: Obolensky married Elisabeth Lopukhin in 1947; they had no children, and the marriage was dissolved in 1989.

paragraph: Sir Dimitri died on 23 December 2001 at Burford in Oxfordshire. His memorial service was held in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, and he is buried at Wolvercote Cemetery.

paragraph: Main works:

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthony Bryer, Obituary, "The Independent" (31 December 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- , 'Sir Dimitri Obolensky: Distinguished scholar of Byzantium whose infectious enthusiasm drew students to the fields of Russian and Balkan history', "The Guardian" (4 January 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robin Milner-Gulland, 'Professor Sir Dimitri Obolensky, 1918-2002', "Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage"

description: historian

wikidata_label: Dimitri Obolensky

wikipedia_title: Dimitri Obolensky


text: German

text: Nuremberg

text: cartomancy

text: smallpox

text: Marie Anne Lenormand

text: British Museum

text: Lady Charlotte Schreiber

text: British Museum: Das Spiel der Hofnung

categories: 1771 births,German non-fiction writers,Divination,People from Nuremberg,Playing cards,Cartomancy,Deaths from smallpox,German businesspeople,1799 deaths,Board game designers

paragraph: Johann Kaspar Hechtel

paragraph: Johann Kaspar Hechtel (1 May 1771 – 20 December 1799) was a German businessman, owner of a brass factory in Nuremberg, non-fiction writer and designer of parlour games including the prototype for the Petit Lenormand cartomancy deck. According to published biographies, Hechtel also contributed anonymously to some treatises on physics.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hechtel was born on 1 May 1771 in Nuremberg.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Hechtel died on 20 December 1799 in Nuremberg during a smallpox epidemic and was survived by a wife.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sammlung freundschaftlicher Denkmale und kleine Lehren der Weisheit und Tugend. Zum Gebrauch in Stammbücher und zur Geistes- und Sittenveredlung junger Leute bestimmt." (Bieling, 1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second edition: "Denkmale der Freundschaft und kleine Lehren der Weisheit und Tugend, zum Gebrauch in Stammbücher und Geistes- und Sittenveredlung junger Leute" (Bieling, 1803)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third edition: "Denkmale der Freundschaft für Stammbücher und moralische Lehren zur Sittenveredlung junger Personen" (Bieling, 1809)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourth edition: "Denkmale der Freundschaft für Stammbücher und moralische Lehren zur Sittenveredlung junger Personen" (Bieling, 1819)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beiträge zur geselligen Freude oder Auswahl neuer Karten- Pfänder- und Unterhaltungsspiele zum Nutzen und Vergnügen, mit illumirten Kupfern" (Bieling, 1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pandora, ein neues Würfel- und Gesellschaftspiel mit 24 Fragen und 144 scherzhaften Antworten" (Bieling, 1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Spiel der Hoffnung, eine angenehme Gesellschaftsunterhaltung mit 36 neuen illumirten Figurenkarten, franz. und deutsch (Le Jeu de l'Esperance, accompagné d'un nouveau jeu de cartes à figures)" (Bieling, c1799)

paragraph: Section::::Lenormand cards.

paragraph: In the mid 19th century after the death of the famous French fortune-teller Marie Anne Lenormand, Lenormand's name was used on several cartomancy decks including a deck of 36 illustrated cards known as the Petit Lenormand or simply Lenormand cards still used extensively today. The 36 card Lenormand deck is modelled on a deck of cards published c1799 as part of "Das Spiel der Hoffnung" ("The Game of Hope"), a game of chance designed by Hechtel which was still being advertised in 1820. So-called Lenormand decks have the same card numbering, primary symbols and playing card associations as the cards in Hechtel's "Das Spiel der Hoffnung" game. Some examples of the game are included in an extensive collection of playing cards bequeathed to the British Museum by Lady Charlotte Schreiber. "Das Spiel der Hoffnung" is listed among Hechtel's works in an advertisement by publisher Gustav Philipp Jakob Bieling of Nuremberg dated 1799.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Museum: Das Spiel der Hofnung

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tarot History Forum discussion thread: German Lenormand 1846 / Spiel der Hoffnung 1799

description: German author and board game designer

wikidata_label: Johann Kaspar Hechtel

wikipedia_title: Johann Kaspar Hechtel


text:
Tehran
University of Tehran
Kyoto University of Art and Design
Pécs
Hungary
Brussels
Csepel
Portugal
Dubai
Ramin Salsali
Salsali Private Museum
Ramin Salsali
Ali Zanjani
Salar Abdoh
List of Iranian women artists

categories: People from Tehran,Iranian women painters,University of Tehran alumni,1971 births,21st-century Iranian painters,Living people

paragraph: Pantea Rahmani

paragraph: Pantea Rahmani (), born 10 September 1971 in Tehran, is a contemporary Iranian artist, who is well known for her self-portraits.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Rahmani, born on 10 September 1971 in Tehran, Iran. She studied visual art at the Fine Department of the Art at University of Tehran and in 1999, she graduated with a B.F.A in Painting and Drawing.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Rahmani often uses dark and acherontic shades of grey for her pictures. Her work illustrates a visual quest for the expression of space, shapes or chromatics. In a tension connecting fullness and vacuity, the absence of decors, the quasi-monochromic aspect of her pallet and the stiff attitude of the model, characterize her portraits. Beyond any representation restraining her practice to clichés or stereotypes inherent to her Iranian identity, the artist asserts herself through an intimate approach. With the representation of her own body on monumental canvases, Rahmani makes the observer discover oneself.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: In 1996 her work was part of a selected group exhibition at the Kyoto University of Art and Design. After some solo exhibitions in 1999, at the Barg Gallery in Tehran, the European art scene took notice of her. In 2003 she took part in several group exhibitions at the Approaching Art Association in Pécs, Hungary and at the Léspace CROQU Árt in Brussels. One year later her drawings of Tehran were shown at the Csepel Gallery in Budapest. She reached the climax when her self-portraits were presented at the Museu da Água and the Palácio da Bolsa in Portugal 2005. In 2009 her self-portraits 1–6 of the Exposed series were on exhibition at the Gallery b21 in Dubai, which is now called the Gallery Isabelle Van Den Enynde. Three years later, on the authority of Iranian art promoter and collector Ramin Salsali, she started painting two pictures of Tehran (both about 5 m long and 1,5 m high).

paragraph: Both of her Tehran pictures and her "NO.7", were shown at a 2012 solo exhibition called "The Seismic Sanctuary" at the Salsali Private Museum in Dubai, managed by Salsali and collection manager Alicia Hughens. Owner and founder of the SPM, Ramin Salsali created a team of Iranian artists, including photographer Ali Zanjani, director Kambiz Saffari and Salar Abdoh, which accompanied Rahmani during her work on the Tehran pictures and made a documentary of her project. The documentary is also part of the solo exhibition.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Iranian women artists

description: Iranian painter

wikidata_label: Pantea Rahmani

wikipedia_title: Pantea Rahmani


text:
Lord Provost of Edinburgh
Privy Council of Scotland
Mary, Queen of Scots
Francis II of France
Craigmillar Castle
William Maitland of Lethington
Thomas Randolph
Dunbar Castle
Chaseabout Raid
Greysteil
Langside
William Kirkcaldy of Grange
James VI of Scotland
Regent Moray
Craigmillar Castle
Janet Beaton

categories: Scottish diplomats,16th-century Scottish people,1570s deaths,People from Edinburgh,1510s births

paragraph: Simon Preston of Craigmillar

paragraph: Simon Preston of Craigmillar (c.1510–c.1570), was Lord Provost of Edinburgh during 1565-69 and a member of the Privy Council of Scotland during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: In January 1561 Queen Mary sent Simon Preston to Scotland as her envoy. He and his three colleagues were instructed to announce the death of her husband Francis II of France, and her decision to return to Scotland. They came first to Preston's own Craigmillar Castle, and met William Maitland of Lethington. The English diplomat in Edinburgh Thomas Randolph was not very pleased with this news (which did not suit his view of England's foreign policy), but wrote that Preston was the best of the "packe" of four in which "the moste hope is of Cragmellour."

paragraph: Mary made Simon captain of Dunbar Castle, and in August 1565, at the time of the rebellion called the Chaseabout Raid, she made him her preferred candidate for the Provost of Edinburgh, to replace Archibald Douglas of Kilspindie, (namesake son of "Greysteil"). Simon was understood to be a Catholic. Preston's loyalty to Mary wavered before her final battle in Scotland at Langside, and on 8 May 1568 he signed a bond with William Kirkcaldy of Grange to defend James VI of Scotland and Regent Moray against her.

paragraph: Section::::Houses.

paragraph: Simon Preston had two properties in Edinburgh: one in the city; one in the country, as was the norm of the day. His country residence was Craigmillar Castle, where the garden pond shaped as his initial "P" can still be seen. His city residence (demolished to build South Bridge) was known as the Black Turnpike, and stood on the corner of Hunter Square near the Tron Kirk. Mary Queen of Scots lodged here during her final days in Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married Elizabeth Menteith, and secondly Janet Beaton. Elizabeth's son David Preston was Simon's heir.

description: Lord Provost of Edinburgh

wikidata_label: Simon Preston

wikipedia_title: Simon Preston of Craigmillar


text:
Italian
Roman Catholic
professed religious
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
priesthood
World War I
solemn religious profession
porter
beggar
convent
Milan
Archbishop of Milan
pope
Giovanni Battista Montini
Servant of God
Pope Francis
heroic virtue
Venerable
Costa Serina
Bergamo
peasants
baptized
Eucharist
Passion
religious formation
confession
Confirmation
First Communion
altar server
priest
professed brother
Third Order of Saint Francis
tavern
wine
shepherd
lumberjack
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
convent
Sovere
novitiate
religious habit
religious name
fast
scourge
Albino
Cremona
Milan
sacristan
meningitis
Innocenzo da Berzo
miracle
5th Alpine Regiment
Tirano
Mount Nero
porter
Brazil
Africa
Venerable
lepers
dawn
vision
Archbishop of Milan
pope
Giovanni Battista Montini
Bishop of Cesena
Lombard province
tract complications
requiem
funeral
Mass
Musocco
exhumed
Pope John Paul II
Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Servant of God
nihil obstat
Carlo Maria Martini
Rome
Positio
Pope Francis
heroic virtue
Venerable
postulator
Hagiography Circle

categories: 19th-century Roman Catholics,Capuchins,1885 births,1984 deaths,20th-century Italian people,19th-century venerated Christians,People from Bergamo,19th-century Italian people,Italian Roman Catholics,Italian military personnel of World War I,Members of the Third Order of Saint Francis

paragraph: Antonio Pietro Cortinovis

paragraph: Antonio Pietro Cortinovis (7 November 1885 - 10 April 1984) - in religious Cecilio Maria da Costa Serina - was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious from the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He had set his heart on entering the religious life despite his initial reluctance due to him pondering on his unworthiness. This belief manifested in his childhood which motivated him to decide against entering the priesthood. But his religious formation in the order was pushed back due to World War I and he was unable to make his solemn religious profession until the war had concluded.

paragraph: Fra Cortinovis served as a porter and beggar for the order in their convent in Milan and remained there until his death. He established the Opera San Francesco in 1959 in order to work with the poor and was a foundation that earned the support of the Archbishop of Milan (and future pope) Giovanni Battista Montini.

paragraph: The beatification process opened in Milan in 1993 and he became titled as a Servant of God. Pope Francis confirmed his heroic virtue and named him as Venerable on 6 March 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Antonio Pietro Cortinovis was born on 7 November 1885 at 5:00pm in Costa Serina in Bergamo as the seventh of nine children to the peasants Lorenzo Cortinovis and Angela Gherardi (who was born to Giacomo in Trafficanti). His parents were married in 1870. The preceding sibling Margherita died just after her birth. Father Pietro Rota baptized him on 8 November in the church of Santi Lorenzo martire e Ambrogio.

paragraph: From his childhood he had a strong love and devotion to both the Eucharist and the Passion. He had often described his father as being rather reserved and sensitive and received his religious formation from his mother. From age six he began attending confession and he received his Confirmation on 10 August 1892 before making his First Communion on 7 April 1896.

paragraph: He never desired being an altar server in his childhood and perceived great unworthiness on his part in becoming a priest. This became the reason that he was never to become a priest. But after he did his schooling the idea to enter the religious life as a professed brother came to him and grew over time. In 1899 he entered the Third Order of Saint Francis and later in 1901 confessed to the priest friar Teodosio da Samarate (who came to the town to preach) of his desire to enter the religious life. Teodosio encouraged him and invited him to become a friar. Once - in 1905 - some acquaintances dragged him into a tavern and forced him to drink wine as the group did.

paragraph: Before he turned 23 he worked as both a shepherd and as a lumberjack. Cortinovis entered the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin on 21 April 1908 after his father (who died not long after in January 1909) accompanied him to the convent in Bergamo. His mother and siblings wept upon his departure. He moved to the Sovere convent on 22 April 1908 before commencing his novitiate under the guidance of Gianfrancesco da Cascina Ferrara. Cortinovis was vested in the religious habit for the first time on 29 July 1908 and assumed the religious name "Cecilio Maria da Costa Serina". He began to fast and scourge himself after this and he later made his simple profession on 2 August 1909. He spent time at the convent in Albino (from 10 August 1909 after his novitiate ended) before he was moved to the convent in Cremona on 17 February 1910. Cortinovis was later relocated to the order's convent in Milan on 29 April 1910.

paragraph: In Milan he lived in the convent of Viale Piave and tended to the poor of the area and acted as the sacristan from November 1914 until 1921. In 1914 he contracted meningitis which almost killed him. But he was healed on 18 April 1914 (when it seemed he was about to die) after his confrere Girolamo da Lomazzo turned to the intercession of Innocenzo da Berzo for a miracle.

paragraph: In July 1916 he was sent to the 5th Alpine Regiment in Tirano to reinforce the Stelvio Battalion on Mount Nero and regretted the fact that he was not allowed to wear his religious habit. But heart issues prompted a doctor's examination in November 1916 and he was discharged. Cortinovis made his solemn religious profession on 2 February 1918 and on 16 September 1921 was appointed as the porter for the convent.

paragraph: But he dreamed of working in the missions in either Brazil or Africa and he wanted to spend his life helping Venerable Daniele da Samarate with the lepers in Brazil. At dawn on 5 July 1922 he was in his cell when he saw a bright light and experienced a vision.

paragraph: Fra Cortinovis later established the Opera San Francesco in order to tend and minister to poor people. This project and its work received support from the Archbishop of Milan (and future pope) Giovanni Battista Montini. Cortinovis was also a close friend to the Bishop of Cesena Lino Esterino Garavaglia. In 1969 the Milanese authorities awarded him a silver medal for his work with the poor while the Lombard province granted him a gold medal for the same reason in 1970. His awards both made it into the press due to his reputation.

paragraph: From August 1979 he began suffering from cardiac pains and often had a series of breathing difficulties due to tract complications. His superiors decided his work with the Opera San Francesco had to end so as for him to recover. Cortinovis did not wish to do this but relented with obedience. From 1981 he kept moving from Milan to the convent's hospital in Bergamo for treatment.

paragraph: He died at 9:15pm on 10 April 1984 in Bergamo with a smile on his face. The requiem was celebrated at the Bergamo convent before the solemn funeral Mass was celebrated at the Milanese convent where he had lived for most of his life. His remains were buried at Musocco but were later exhumed and relocated to the church of the Sacred Heart on 31 January 1989. His remains lie in the chapel of that church close to the porter's lodge.

paragraph: Section::::Beatfication process.

paragraph: The beatification process opened under Pope John Paul II on 1 July 1993 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled Cortinovis as a Servant of God and issued the "nihil obstat" (no objections to the cause) edict that initiated the cause. Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini oversaw the diocesan investigation into the late friar's life and virtues from 27 September 1993 until 10 April 1995. The C.C.S. validated the diocesan process in Rome on 22 March 1996 and later received the Positio dossier two decades later for assessment.

paragraph: Theologians assessed and approved the contents of the Positio in their meeting held on 6 February 2018. Pope Francis confirmed his heroic virtue and named him as Venerable on 6 March 2018.

paragraph: The current postulator for the cause is the Capuchin friar Carlo Calloni.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hagiography Circle

wikidata_label: Antonio Cortinovis

wikipedia_title: Antonio Pietro Cortinovis