text:
Easter
French
Denmark
Saint-Germain-des-Prés
Paris
prebend
Sainte-Geneviève-du-Mont
Cluniac
Cistercian
hagiographic
Bishop of Paris
Bishop of Senlis
priory
Épinay
Pope Eugene III
secular canons
canons regular
monastery of St. Victor
Pope Alexander III
Absalon
bishop of Roskilde
archbishop of Lund
provost
Saxo Grammaticus
canonry
Eskilsø
Æbelholt
Paraclete
Sjælland
Region Hovedstaden
Hillerød
Latin Christendom
claustration
Augustinian tradition
Vestervig
Cistercian
Esrum Abbey
Peder Sunesen
Knud VI of Denmark
Philip Augustus
Ingeborg
Valdemar I of Denmark
Danish kings
consanguinity
sainthood
miracle
Archbishop of Lund
Anders Sunesen
Pope Honorius III
canonized
Gregorius de Crescentio
relics
Saint Geneviève
Diplomatarium Danicum
Diplomatarium Danicum
William of Paris
Catholic Encyclopedia
William of Ebelholt
Catholic Encyclopedia

categories: 12th-century Danish people,12th-century Christian saints,Clergy from Paris,1125 births,1203 deaths,French Roman Catholic saints,Medieval French saints,Danish clergy,Danish Roman Catholic saints,Medieval Danish saints

paragraph: William of Æbelholt

paragraph: Saint William of Æbelholt (also known as William of the Paraclete, William of Eskilsø and William of Paris) (c. 1125 – Easter Sunday, 1203) was a French-born churchman of Denmark.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: William was educated by his uncle Hugh, forty-second abbot of Saint-Germain-des-Prés at Paris, and, having been ordained subdeacon, received a prebend in the church of Sainte-Geneviève-du-Mont. William reportedly sought entry into a stricter house (either a Cluniac or a Cistercian monastery) while still in his youth, though he decided to remain at Ste-Geneviève. According to the hagiographic sources, his exemplary life did not commend him to his fellow canons, who tried to rid themselves of his presence, and even prevented by slander his ordination to the diaconate by the Bishop of Paris. William obtained this order from the Bishop of Senlis by his uncle's intercession, and was soon afterwards presented by the canons to the little priory of Épinay.

paragraph: In 1148, by order of Pope Eugene III, the secular canons of Ste-Geneviève were replaced by canons regular from the Parisian monastery of St. Victor, whose prior, Odo, was made abbot of Ste-Geneviève. William soon afterwards joined the new community and was made sub-prior. In this position he showed great zeal for the religious life, and on one occasion opposed the entry of a new prior who had obtained his position irregularly. For this he was punished by Abbot Garin, successor of Odo, but his action was finally supported by Pope Alexander III. Such actions apparently put William at odds with his abbot, who subjected him to humiliating discipline, about which the canon complained bitterly to the pope.

paragraph: Section::::Work in Denmark.

paragraph: In 1161 Absalon, bishop of Roskilde (and later archbishop of Lund) in Denmark, sent to Paris the provost of his cathedral (almost surely the Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus) to obtain canons regular for the reform of the canonry of St. Thomas at Eskilsø. Absalon and William were said to have formed a close friendship when the former was studying at the schools of Paris. In 1165 William journeyed to Denmark with three companions, and became abbot of that house. Denmark was an unwelcome destination for these French churchmen. Reiterating themes from the history of early-medieval Christian missions, William and his men were frightened by the culture and language of their new home, and the new abbot's original companions soon left him and returned to France, a permission denied to William.

paragraph: Nevertheless, despite difficulties arising from poverty and opposition on the part of the community, he reformed the monastery and in 1176 transferred it to Æbelholt, dedicated to the Paraclete, in Sjælland (now Region Hovedstaden), near the present-day town of Hillerød. As abbot, William worked to institute the standards of religious discipline emerging from reform centers in the heartlands of Latin Christendom. These included a stricter insistence on claustration. William also worked to establish closer links among Danish church institutions similarly committed to ecclesiastical rigor. These included other communities in the Augustinian tradition (such as Vestervig), but also extended to Cistercian houses, most notably the monks of nearby Esrum Abbey.

paragraph: William also continued to serve as an intermediary between Denmark and France. He likely had a hand in arranging for Absalon's relative Peder Sunesen (who replaced Absalon as bishop in Roskilde in 1192) to study at Ste-Geneviève. Peder continued to enjoy a closer relationship with Æbelholt after his return.

paragraph: Nowhere was William's role as a conduit between Gallic and Danish society more apparent, however, than in the "Ingeborg Affair." Working apparently on behalf of King Knud VI of Denmark, and Absalon, William intervened in the case of Philip Augustus of France who was attempting to repudiate his wife Ingeborg (1175–1236), daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark. It was on this occasion that he composed a genealogy of the Danish kings, intended to disprove the alleged impediment of consanguinity between Ingeborg and Philip.

paragraph: Section::::Death and canonization.

paragraph: According to the "Vita" composed to support his candidacy for sainthood, William died on Easter Sunday 1202, though the actual year was 1203. Numerous miracles were reported at his grave, and in 1218 the Archbishop of Lund, Anders Sunesen, requested that Pope Honorius III appoint a local commission to investigate the claims for William's sanctity. Their report was presumably sent to Rome, where it languished for some time. Then, in January 1224, William was canonized by Honorius, who acted on additional information provided by Cardinal Gregorius de Crescentio, recently returned from a papal legation to Denmark. A new church was constructed at Æbelholt Abbey and William's remains were moved there in 1238.

paragraph: Section::::Sources for William's life and career.

paragraph: William of Æbelholt was the subject of a saint's "Vita et miracula", composed most likely as part of his canonization process. It was printed in M.C. Gertz, ed., "Vitae Sanctorum Danorum" (Copenhagen, 1908–12), pp. 285–369. Gertz also included in that edition a brief treatise supposedly written by William on the authenticity of the relics of Saint Geneviève (pp. 378–82). William's genealogy of the Danish kings can be found in M.C. Gertz, ed., "Scriptores Miniores Historiae Danicae Medii Aevi", vol. 1 (Copenhagen, 1970; reprint of Copenhagen, 1917–18), pp. 176–85. William also left a substantial collection of letters, published most recently in the "Diplomatarium Danicum", vol. 3,pt. 2, ed. C.A. Christensen, Herluf Nielsen, and Lauritz Weibull (Copenhagen, 1977). Further evidence can be found in charters dealing with Æbelholt (mostly transmitted through the archives of Æbelholt Abbey and its closest neighbor, Esrum). These have been published in the "Diplomatarium Danicum".

paragraph: Section::::Scholarship in English.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivan Boserup, "A French-Danish Letter Collection and Some Danish Diplomataria: Historical and Literary Remarks on the Epistulae of Abbot William of Æbelholt," in "Living Words and Luminous Pictures: Medieval Book Culture in Denmark: Essays", ed. Erik Petersen (Copenhagen, 1999), pp. 78–95.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nanna Damsholt, "Abbot William of Æbelholt: A Foreigner in Denmark," in "Medieval Spirituality in Scandinavia and Europe", ed. Lars Bisgaard et al. (Odense, 2001), pp. 3–19.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthony Perron, "Fugitives from the Cloister: Law and Order in William of Æbelholt's Denmark," in "Law and Learning in the Middle Ages", ed. Helle Vogt and Mia Münster-Swendsen (Copenhagen, 2006), pp. 123–36.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William of Paris at the Catholic Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- William of Ebelholt at the Catholic Encyclopedia

description: Danish Roman Catholic saint

wikidata_label: William of Æbelholt

wikipedia_title: William of Æbelholt


text:
prelate
duke
Birger Jarl
Sweden
Ingeborg of Sweden
Eric X of Sweden
Eric XI of Sweden
Mechtild of Holstein
Abel of Denmark
Valdemar
Magnus III
Linköping Cathedral
Eric of Småland
Duke of Finland
appanage
Riksjarl
Osterlandia
Bishop of Linköping
plague

categories: 1291 deaths,1254 births,People of medieval Finland,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Swedish Roman Catholic bishops,13th-century Swedish people,Swedish princes

paragraph: Benedict, Duke of Finland

paragraph: Bishop Benedict, Duke of Finland (; ; 1254 – 25 May 1291) was a Swedish prelate bishop and duke.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was the youngest son of Birger Jarl, de facto ruler of Sweden from 1250 to 1266. His mother was Princess Ingeborg of Sweden, daughter of Eric X of Sweden and sister of King Eric XI of Sweden.

paragraph: Older Swedish literature incorrectly stated that Benedict was the son of Birger's second wife, Mechtild of Holstein, dowager Queen of Denmark. However, Ingeborg died in 1254, the year of Benedict's birth, at which time Mechtild, widow of Abel of Denmark, still lived in Denmark for many years. Two of his brothers, Valdemar and Magnus III, later became kings of Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Benedict pursued an ecclesiastical career. While he was Archdeacon of Linköping Cathedral, he became chancellor to his brother, King Magnus.

paragraph: In 1284, some time after the death of his next-elder brother Eric of Småland, and during the reign of Magnus, Benedict was made Duke of Finland. He was the first known holder of that title and appanage. The title may have been Duke of Sweden, the successor office to the position of Riksjarl of Sweden, held previously by Eric of Småland, and earlier by Magnus. In this reconstruction, Benedict was called Duke of Osterlandia, or Finland, because many of his fiefs were located in Finland — in the same way his brother Eric's had been in Småland.

paragraph: In 1286 he was elected Bishop of Linköping. Linköping's chronicle of bishops from 1523 tells of him: ""Scriptores rerum suecicarum medii ævi"". There exist at least two of his wills, from 1287 and 1289. He died from the plague.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.

description: Swedish prince and bishop

wikidata_label: Benedict, Duke of Finland

wikipedia_title: Benedict, Duke of Finland


text:
Ivan Alexander
Theodora of Wallachia
Murad I
Sofia
jannisaries
battle of Ihtiman
Michael Asen
Wallachia

categories: Sratsimir dynasty,14th-century Bulgarian people,Medieval Bulgarian military personnel,1326 births,Bulgarian princes,1349 deaths

paragraph: Ivan Asen IV of Bulgaria

paragraph: Ivan Asen (), also known as Ivan Asen IV was a Bulgarian Prince, third son of Emperor Ivan Alexander from his first wife Theodora of Wallachia. He was born c. 1326.

paragraph: Little is known about him. In the eighteenth year of the reign of Ivan Alexander - i. e. 1349 - he and his troops faced a 20,000-strong Ottoman army under the command of Murad I's elder brother Syuleiman. The fierce battle between Bulgarians and Turks took place in the area around Sofia. According to the Anonymous Bulgarian chronicle, "the Turks killed Asen and a great number of Bulgarians"; according to Ottoman chronicles "many jannisaries perished" in the battle. That shows that the battle claims many casualties from both sides and Ivan Asen perished fighting bravely for his country.It seems that despite the great losses the Bulgarians had repulsed the enemy as the next recorded Ottoman invasion occurred 6 years later, in 1355, when in the battle of Ihtiman the Ottoman Turks killed Asen's eldest brother, Michael Asen.

paragraph: Ivan Asen IV married a Wallachian Princess and had two daughters.

description: Bulgarian prince

wikidata_label: Ivan Asen IV of Bulgaria

wikipedia_title: Ivan Asen IV of Bulgaria


text: The Albany Academy

text: Rutgers College

text: George Cook

text: land grant college

text: astronomical observatory

text: Daniel S. Schanck Observatory

text: Imperial Ministry of Education

text: OCLC

text: WorldCat

text: OCLC 7578354

text: "Japan encyclopedia."

text: Harvard University Press

text: OCLC 58053128

text: University of Wisconsin–Madison

text: OCLC 608618069

categories: Rutgers University faculty,American expatriates in Japan,Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji-period Japan,Foreign educators in Japan,1830 births,1905 deaths

paragraph: David Murray (educator)

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Murray graduated from Union College in 1852.

paragraph: Section::::Educator.

paragraph: In 1857-1863, Murray was as principal of The Albany Academy in New York. From 1863 to 1873,

paragraph: he was a professor of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy at

paragraph: Rutgers College in New Jersey.

paragraph: Together with George Cook, Murray developed a full science curriculum at Rutgers, and successfully lobbied for Rutgers to be named the state's land grant college.

paragraph: Their 1864-67 surveys established the marine boundary between New York and New Jersey, and their

paragraph: 1872 survey fixed the land boundary between New York and New Jersey. Murray was also responsible for the building of Rutgers' first astronomical observatory, the Daniel S. Schanck Observatory. In 1873, Murray departed Rutgers to become the educational advisor for the Japanese government. After his return, Murray served on the Rutgers College board of trustees from 1892 until his death in 1905.

paragraph: In Japan, he was Superintendent of Educational Affairs in the Imperial Ministry of Education from 1873 through 1879.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about David Murray, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 40+ works in 100+ publications in 2 languages and 1,000+ library holdings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Development of Modern Education in Japan" (1904)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Japan. Continuing the History to the Close of 1905, with the Provisions of the Treaty of Portsmouth Between Russia and Japan" (1906)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chamberlain, William Isaac. (1915). "In Memoriam, David Murray, Ph.D., LL. D., Superintendent of Educational Affairs in the Empire of Japan, and Adviser to the Japanese Imperial Minister of Education, 1873-1879." New York: private printing. U.S. Library of Congress, online full-text; OCLC 7578354

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan encyclopedia." Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akashi, Norio. (1964). "The Murray Mission to Japan 1873-1879, a Study in Cultural Relations." Thesis (M.S.), University of Wisconsin–Madison. OCLC 608618069

description: American educator and government adviser in Meiji period Japan

wikidata_label: David Murray

wikipedia_title: David Murray (educator)


text:
Lutheran
Superintendent of Hamburg
Hamburg
Ziesar
Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg
Brandenburg
Johannes Bugenhagen
Wittenberg
Martin Luther
Philip Melanchthon
Brandenburg upon Havel
Pomerania
Protestant Reformation
Stralsund
St. Peter's Church, Hamburg
order of discipline
the cathedral chapter
superintendent
Henry VIII
English Reformation
Augsburg Confession
Thomas Cromwell
Psalms
descent of Christ into Hell
Psalm 16
Johannes Garcaeus the elder

categories: 1553 deaths,1499 births,German Lutheran clergy

paragraph: Johannes Aepinus

paragraph: Johannes Aepinus (Johann Hoeck) (1499–1553) was a German Lutheran theologian, the first Superintendent of Hamburg from 1532 to 1553, presiding as spiritual leader over the Lutheran state church of Hamburg.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born at Ziesar or Ziegesar, then the capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg (now Brandenburg). He was under the instruction of Johannes Bugenhagen. He took his bachelor's degree at Wittenberg in 1520; here he became the friend of Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon. Then he had a school in Brandenburg upon Havel, but was imprisoned for his reforming activity, and had to leave home. He then adopted the modified form of the Greek word αἰπεινός (aipeinos) (“lofty”), by which he is generally known, and which he claimed was a translation of his real name (Hoeck = hoch).

paragraph: He spent some time in Pomerania, in close relations with the leaders of the Protestant Reformation there. From about 1524 to 1528 he was in Stralsund, in charge of a school. The local authorities asked him to draw up an order of ecclesiastical discipline, which went into effect on 5 November 1525. In October 1529, he succeeded Johann Boldewan as pastor of St. Peter's Church, Hamburg; he helped introduce Bugenhagen's order of discipline in the city. His contest with the cathedral chapter, still Catholic, gave rise to his "Pinacidion de Romanæ ecclesiæ imposturis" (1530). On 18 May 1532 he was appointed to the highest office in the Lutheran State Church of the city-state, that of superintendent according to Bugenhagen's order of discipline.

paragraph: In 1534 he visited England at the request of Henry VIII to advise him on his divorce and the Reformation. Aepinus was not able to convince the king to model the English Reformation after the Augsburg Confession, yet he managed to earn the respect of leaders such as Thomas Cromwell. He returned to Hamburg in the following January, and subsequently made numerous journeys as a representative of the city; he took part in all the church movements of the time. He gave weekly theological lectures, usually in Latin, and spent much time on the Psalms.

paragraph: He is best known by the controversy which arose over his teaching on the descent of Christ into Hell. In 1542, finding that the article of the creed on this subject was frequently explained as meaning no more than the going down into the grave, in his lecture on Psalm 16, he put forward the view, already given in Luther’s explanation of the Psalms, that Christ had really gone down into Hell, to deliver men from its power. Johannes Garcaeus the elder, his successor at St. Peter's, called him to account for this teaching, but left Hamburg in the following year and did not return until 1546. Meantime Aepinus's commentary on Psalm 16 had been published by his assistant Johann Freder, so that his view was widely known. The controversy became serious after Garcaeus' return, and both sides sought to gain support from Wittenberg. Melanchthon could only say that there was no agreement among the doctors on this point. Aepinus' opponents in Hamburg were so turbulent that their leaders were deprived of their offices and banished from the city in 1551.

paragraph: He died in Hamburg on 13 May 1553. His ordinances for the Lutheran Hamburg state church seem to have remained in force until 1603.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://153.106.6.25/ccel/schaff/encyc01.html?term=Aepinus,%20Johannes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: German theologian

wikidata_label: Johannes Aepinus

wikipedia_title: Johannes Aepinus


text:
Major League Baseball
pitcher
Pittsburgh Pirates
Chicago Cubs
New York Yankees
Philadelphia Phillies
left-handed
right-handed
fastball
slider
changeup
strikeout
ERA
innings pitched
University of South Alabama
Sun Belt Conference
Kansas City Royals
1992 Major League Baseball Draft
Pittsburgh Pirates
Opening Day
Chicago Cubs
National League
Tommy John surgery
New York Yankees
Philadelphia Phillies
Council Bluffs, Iowa
Abraham Lincoln High School
Iowa Western Community College
University of South Alabama
records
earned run average
strikeout
Chicago Cubs
1991 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft
Sun Belt Conference
American Baseball Coaches Association
Kansas City Royals
1992 draft
A
Eugene Emeralds
Northwest League
starts
walks
hits allowed
innings pitched
Baseball City Royals
Florida State League
Wilmington Blue Rocks
Carolina League
AA
Memphis Chicks
Southern League
Dan Miceli
Pittsburgh Pirates
Stan Belinda
Carolina Mudcats
Buffalo Bisons
Triple-A
American Association
Philadelphia Phillies
Montreal Expos
Jim Leyland
Opening Day
Calgary Cannons
Pacific Coast League
relief pitcher
Zane Smith
Chicago White Sox
Mark Leiter
Steve Cooke
Mike Hampton
runs batted in
disabled list
Chicago Cubs
Brant Brown
All-Star break
Atlanta Braves
Steve Trachsel
Randy Johnson
Kevin Millwood
Tom Glavine
Greg Maddux
Darryl Kile
Liván Hernández
José Lima
Curt Schilling
Cincinnati Reds
All-Star
Matt Morris
Javier Vázquez
Cy Young Award
Sept. 11, 2001
Scott Sanderson
San Diego Padres
Tommy John surgery
Randy Wolf
Brett Tomko
Pedro Astacio
Matt Clement
free agent
Jim Abbott
New York Yankees
Kansas City Royals
no-hitter
Boston Red Sox
American League
Javier Vázquez
New York Times
MLB.com
Kevin Brown
AL Division Series
Minnesota Twins
AL Championship Series
Philadelphia Phillies
Los Angeles Dodgers
Andy Pettitte
perfect game
Adam Dunn
New York Mets
Brett Myers
strikeout-to-walk ratio
fastball
slider
changeup
Mobile, Alabama

categories: Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Arizona League Cubs players,Pittsburgh Pirates players,1970 births,Philadelphia Phillies players,Carolina Mudcats players,Gulf Coast Phillies players,Calgary Cannons players,National League All-Stars,Tampa Yankees players,Gulf Coast Yankees players,New York Yankees players,Wilmington Blue Rocks players,Sportspeople from Council Bluffs, Iowa,Chicago Cubs players,Baseball City Royals players,Eugene Emeralds players,Major League Baseball pitchers,South Alabama Jaguars baseball players,Living people,Memphis Chicks players,Peoria Chiefs players,Clearwater Threshers players,Baseball players from Iowa

paragraph: Jon Lieber

paragraph: Jonathan Ray Lieber (born April 2, 1970) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher. He stands tall and weighs . He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1994–1998), Chicago Cubs (1999–2002 and 2008), New York Yankees (2004), and Philadelphia Phillies (2005–2007). He batted left-handed and threw right-handed, and utilized a fastball, a slider, and a changeup for his pitches. In a 14-season career, Lieber compiled a 131–124 record with 1,553 strikeouts and a 4.27 ERA in 2,198 innings pitched.

paragraph: Lieber attended the University of South Alabama, helping them win the Sun Belt Conference Championship. He was drafted by the Kansas City Royals in the second round of the 1992 Major League Baseball Draft, but he was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates the following season before even throwing a pitch in the major leagues. He made his debut in 1994 and was named the Pirates' Opening Day starter in 1995, but it was not until 1997 that he became a full-time major league starter. He was traded to the Chicago Cubs following the 1998 season. In 2000, he led the National League (NL) with 251 innings pitched. He had his best season in 2001, winning 20 games while losing just six. Lieber underwent Tommy John surgery in 2002 and missed the entire 2003 season. In 2004, he pitched for the New York Yankees, reaching the playoffs for the only time in his career. He signed with the Philadelphia Phillies in 2005 and tied for fifth in the NL with 17 wins. Injuries cut into his playing time over the next three years; he finished his career as a reliever with the Cubs in 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Lieber was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa. He graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School in Council Bluffs in 1988. Lieber initially attended Iowa Western Community College in 1989 and 1990 before transferring to the University of South Alabama. Over the next two years, Lieber experienced great success for South Alabama. He posted 12–5 records for them both of his years there, and he led the team in earned run average (ERA) and strikeouts both years. He was selected by the Chicago Cubs in the ninth round of the 1991 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft, but he did not sign. In 1992, he helped South Alabama win the Sun Belt Conference Championship.

paragraph: Lieber received several honors following his senior season. These included the Sun Belt Conference Player of the Year award, a third-team All-America selection by the American Baseball Coaches Association, an all-region award, and an all-league award (his second). In 2013, he was inducted into the Mobile Sports Hall of Fame. He was drafted by the Kansas City Royals in the second round of the 1992 draft, and this time, he signed.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Minor Leagues (1992–94).

paragraph: Lieber began his professional career with the A short season Eugene Emeralds of the Northwest League. In five starts with the Emeralds, he had a 3–0 record, a 1.16 ERA, 23 strikeouts, 2 walks, and 26 hits allowed in 31 innings pitched. He also appeared in seven games (six starts) for the Baseball City Royals of the A-Advanced Florida State League, posting a 3–3 record, a 4.65 ERA, 19 strikeouts, eight walks, and 45 hits allowed in 31 innings pitched.

paragraph: In 1993, the Royals switched their A-Advanced affiliate to the Wilmington Blue Rocks of the Carolina League. Lieber began the season with Wilmington, posting a 9–3 record, a 2.67 ERA, 89 strikeouts, nine walks, 125 hits allowed, and innings pitched in 17 games (16 starts). He was promoted to the AA Memphis Chicks of the Southern League on July 11, where he posted a 2–1 record and a 6.86 ERA in four starts. On July 31, seeking pitching help as they contended for the playoffs, the Royals traded Lieber and Dan Miceli to the Pittsburgh Pirates for their closer, Stan Belinda. The Pirates assigned Lieber to the Southern League's Carolina Mudcats; in six starts, he had a 4–2 record, a 3.97 ERA, 28 strikeouts, 10 walks, and 39 hits allowed in 34 innings pitched.

paragraph: Lieber made three starts with the Mudcats in 1994, posting a 2–0 record, a 1.29 ERA, 21 strikeouts, two walks, and 13 hits allowed in 21 innings. He also made three starts for the Buffalo Bisons of the Triple-A American Association, posting a 1–1 record, a 1.69 ERA, 21 strikeouts, one walk, and 16 hits allowed in innings pitched.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Pittsburgh Pirates (1994–98).

paragraph: Lieber was called up by the Pirates in May 1994 to join their starting rotation. In his first major league start on May 15, he gave up one run in six innings but took the loss as the Philadelphia Phillies defeated the Pirates 1–0. He earned his first career win five days later, pitching eight shutout innings in a 6–0 victory over the Montreal Expos. In 17 starts with the Pirates, Lieber had a 6–7 record, a 3.73 ERA, 71 strikeouts, 25 walks, and 116 hits allowed in innings.

paragraph: Following Lieber's rookie season, Pirates' manager Jim Leyland named Lieber the team's Opening Day starter for 1995. Like many of the young Pirates' pitchers that year, Lieber struggled; he was optioned to the Calgary Cannons of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League on June 18 after going 2–7 with a 7.48 ERA. In 14 starts with Calgary, Lieber had a 1–5 record, a 7.01 ERA, 34 strikeouts, 19 walks, and 122 hits allowed in 77 innings pitched. He was recalled by the Pirates on September 5 when rosters expanded but was used mostly as a relief pitcher for the rest of the year. In 21 games (12 starts), Lieber compiled a 4–7 record, a 6.32 ERA, 45 strikeouts, 14 walks, and 103 hits allowed in innings pitched.

paragraph: Lieber remained in the bullpen to begin the 1996 season. In his first 34 games, he posted a 4.21 ERA. In July, he returned to the starting rotation following the release of Zane Smith. As a starter, Lieber posted a 7–2 record with a 3.91 ERA, emerging as the Pirates' ace by the end of the year. In 51 games (15 starts) in 1996, Lieber posted a 9–5 record, a 3.99 ERA, 94 strikeouts, 28 walks, and 156 hits allowed in 142 innings pitched.

paragraph: Lieber became the Pirates' Opening Day starter again in 1997. On June 30, he threw his only complete game of the year, striking out 10 while allowing one run on five hits in a 3–1 victory over the Chicago White Sox. Lieber was inconsistent in 1997, amassing several winning streaks and several losing streaks during the season. In 33 games (32 starts), he had an 11–14 record, a 4.49 ERA, 160 strikeouts, 51 walks, and 193 hits allowed in innings pitched. He was third in the NL in losses (behind Mark Leiter's 17 and teammate Steve Cooke's 15); however, he tied Mike Hampton for the most runs batted in by a major league pitcher with eight.

paragraph: In 1998, Lieber was the Pirates' fourth starter. He had a 5–10 record over his first 17 starts, partly because he received 15 total runs of support in the losses over that time. Lieber had an 8–13 record with a 3.90 ERA before getting placed on the disabled list (DL) for the first time in his career on August 21 due to a left oblique muscle strain. He returned from the DL on September 15 but posted a 10.80 ERA over his last two starts. In 29 games (28 starts), Lieber posted an 8–14 record, a 4.11 ERA, 138 strikeouts, 40 walks, and 182 hits allowed in 171 innings pitched. He was tied with seven other pitchers for fifth in the league in losses. Following the season, Lieber was traded to the Chicago Cubs for Brant Brown.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Chicago Cubs (1999–2002).

paragraph: Lieber began 1999 as the Cubs' third starter. Prior to the All-Star break, he had an 8–3 record with a 3.26 ERA (seventh-best in the NL). From April 29 to May 8, he was on the DL with a right eye contusion. He threw his first major league shutout on May 14, striking out seven in a 9–0 victory over the Atlanta Braves. Lieber went 0–8 with a 5.71 ERA in his first 13 starts following the All-Star Break before earning wins in his final two starts of the year. In 31 starts, Lieber compiled a 10–11 record, a 4.07 ERA, and 46 walks in innings pitched. He was tied for tenth in the league with 226 hits allowed (along with teammate Steve Trachsel), but he finished eighth in the league with 186 strikeouts and tied with six other players for ninth in the league with three complete games.

paragraph: In 2000, Lieber was the Cubs' Opening Day starter. From June 28 to August 14, he won a career-high six consecutive decisions. On July 3, he threw a shutout, allowing two hits in a 3–0 victory over the Pirates. In his next start, on July 8, he had 12 strikeouts and threw a complete game in a 9–2 win over the White Sox. Lieber was 12–7 with a 4.12 ERA through his first 29 starts; however, he went 0–4 in September with a 5.88 ERA. In 35 starts (tied for the NL lead with Randy Johnson, Kevin Millwood, Tom Glavine, and Greg Maddux), Lieber had a 12–11 record, a 4.41 ERA, and 54 walks. He tied Darryl Kile for ninth in the league with 192 strikeouts, he led the league with 251 innings pitched, he ranked third in the league with 248 hits allowed (behind Liván Hernández's 254 and José Lima's 251), and he tied Maddux for third with six complete games (behind Johnson's and Curt Schilling's eight).

paragraph: Lieber's most productive season came in 2001. On May 24, he one-hit the Cincinnati Reds, 3–0, ending the team's NL-record streak of 208 games in a row without being shut out, throwing just 78 pitches. From June 16 to July 15, he won six straight games. He was named an All-Star for the first and only time in his career. In his final start of the season on October 3, he allowed five runs in six innings but still earned his 20th win of the season as the Cubs beat the Reds 13–7. In 34 starts, Lieber recorded a career-high 20 victories to go with just six losses, posted a 3.80 ERA, and struck out 148 as opposed to 41 walks. His 20 wins ranked fourth in the league (behind Matt Morris's and Schilling's 22 and Johnson's 21), his innings pitched ranked fifth in the league, and his five complete games tied for second in the league with Javier Vázquez (behind Johnson's six). He finished fourth in the NL Cy Young Award vote, behind Johnson, Schilling, and Morris. Due to the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001 and the week-long break in the baseball season, Lieber became the first Cubs pitcher to start consecutive contests since Scott Sanderson on May 18 and May 20 of 1986.

paragraph: Lieber's 2002 season was curtailed by right elbow problems, which plagued him all year. On August 1, facing the San Diego Padres, Lieber allowed two runs in seven innings but received a no-decision in an 8–7 Cubs' victory. He was placed on the DL with right elbow tendinitis the next day, and he underwent Tommy John surgery on August 8, ending his season. In 21 starts, Lieber compiled a 6–8 record, a 3.70 ERA, 87 strikeouts, 12 walks, and 153 hits allowed in 141 innings pitched. He still managed to tie Randy Wolf, Brett Tomko, Pedro Astacio, and teammate Matt Clement for tenth in the league with three complete games. After the season, he became a free agent.

paragraph: While on the Cubs, Lieber became the only Major League pitcher to give up a hit to a one handed player when he gave up not just one hit, but two to Jim Abbott, also allowing Abbott to drive in three RBIs.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Other teams (2004–08).

paragraph: Lieber signed a two-year contract with the New York Yankees following the 2002 season. He missed the 2003 season recovering from his injury, although he did make two minor league rehab appearances. Lieber began the 2004 season on the DL with a strained abductor muscle in his right thigh. He returned to the major leagues on May 1, allowing three runs in seven innings in a 12–4 victory over the Kansas City Royals. Through August 1, he had a 7–7 record with a 5.06 ERA. From then on, Lieber went 7–1 with a 3.21 ERA. On September 18, he took a no-hitter into the seventh inning against the Boston Red Sox and allowed three runs in innings in a 14–4 victory. In 27 starts, Lieber posted a 14–8 record, a 4.33 ERA, 102 strikeouts, 18 walks, and 216 hits allowed in innings pitched. His 14 wins tied with eight other pitchers for eighth in the American League (AL) and tied with Javier Vázquez for the most by a Yankee as well as being the largest win total by an ex-20 game winner returning from a full-season layoff since 1946.

paragraph: Dave Caldwell of the "New York Times" wrote on September 3 that Lieber would "probably end up in the bullpen" in the playoffs, but less than a month later, Mark Feinsand of "MLB.com" wrote that Lieber "has suddenly become one of the most important cogs in the Yankees' postseason machine" due an injury to Kevin Brown and late-season struggles by Vázquez. Lieber started Game 2 of the AL Division Series against the Minnesota Twins. He allowed three runs over innings and was in line for the win, but he received a no-decision in a 12-inning, 7–6 Yankee victory. The Yankees won the series in four games. In Game 2 of the AL Championship Series against the Red Sox, Lieber allowed one run and three hits in seven innings, earning the win in a 3–1 victory. In Game 6, he allowed four runs in innings and took the loss in a 4–2 defeat. The Red Sox become the first MLB team in history to overcome a 3–0 series deficit, winning in seven games. 2004 would be Lieber's only playoff experience, as well as his only stint in the AL.

paragraph: Before the 2005 season, Lieber signed as a free agent with the Philadelphia Phillies for three years and $24 million with a team option for the fourth year. He was named the Phillies' Opening Day starter in 2005. He won his first four starts with the team. From May 12 through June 30, Lieber had a 3–7 record and a 7.48 ERA. 8–8 by the end of that stretch, he managed to post a 9–5 record and a 3.32 ERA to finish the season. Lieber gave up one run in eight innings on July 21 but took the loss as the Los Angeles Dodgers defeated the Phillies 1–0. On September 22, he threw eight shutout innings in a 4–0 victory over the Braves. Lieber finished the season with a 17–13 record, a 4.20 ERA, 149 strikeouts, 41 walks, and 223 hits allowed in innings pitched. Lieber led the team with 17 wins, which tied with Andy Pettitte for fifth in the league. He tied with six other pitchers for the league lead with 35 starts.

paragraph: Lieber lost his first four starts of the season in 2006 for the first time in his career. On May 13, he took a perfect game into the seventh inning against Cincinnati before allowing a two-out single to Adam Dunn; he threw scoreless innings in a 2–0 victory. He was on the DL from May 30 to July 6 with a groin injury. Before going on the DL, he had a 3–5 record and a 5.79 ERA. He posted a 6.75 ERA in his first five starts after returning from the DL, but he posted a 3.38 in his final 11 starts. On August 16, he threw his first shutout since 2001 against the New York Mets, allowing five hits in a 3–0 victory. In 27 starts, Lieber compiled a 9–11 record, a 4.93 ERA, 100 strikeouts, 24 walks, and 196 hits allowed in 168 innings pitched.

paragraph: Lieber began 2007 on the DL with a strained right oblique, and when he was activated on April 9, he was placed in the bullpen. After two relief outings, he returned to the rotation on April 20 when Brett Myers was moved to the bullpen. On June 9, he struck out 11 and allowed three hits in a 4–0 shutout of the Royals. At the time, he was 3–4 with a 3.72 ERA, but he allowed 14 runs (13 earned) over his next two starts, both losses. On June 23, Lieber was placed on the DL with a ruptured tendon in his right foot, which ended his tenure with the Phillies. In 14 games (12 starts), he had a 3–6 record, a 4.73 ERA, 54 strikeouts, 22 walks, and 91 hits allowed in 78 innings. The Phillies reached the playoffs, but Lieber was left off their postseason roster because of his injury.

paragraph: On January 16, 2008, Lieber signed a one-year contract with the Chicago Cubs. He competed for the starting rotation but failed to earn a spot and was placed in the bullpen as the Cubs' long reliever. From July 18 to September 1, he was on the DL with a right foot injury. He appeared in his final major league game on September 5, giving up four runs in two innings in a 10–2 loss to Cincinnati. In 26 games (one start), Lieber posted a 2–3 record, a 4.05 ERA, 27 strikeouts, six walks, and 59 hits allowed in innings pitched. The Cubs reached the playoffs, but Lieber was left off the playoff roster for the second year in a row.

paragraph: Lieber retired after the 2008 season wanting to spend more time with his family. In his 14-year career, Lieber had a 131–124 record, a 4.27 ERA, 1,553 strikeouts, 422 walks, 2,388 hits allowed, and 2,198 innings pitched in 401 games (327 starts). His strikeout-to-walk ratio of 3.680 ranks 11th all-time among major league pitchers as of 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Pitching style.

paragraph: Lieber threw three pitches: a fastball, a slider, and a changeup. The slider was the pitch Lieber often used to get outs and was most successful against right-handed batters. The changeup darted away from batters. Lieber was not a hard thrower (his fastball was in the low 90 mph range); he relied on controlling his pitches to have success.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal.

paragraph: Lieber married Jessica Conway on October 18, 1992. The couple has one daughter: Jillian (born October 22, 1997), and three sons: Jared (born July 27, 2000), Justin (born May 8, 2003), and Jonah (born June 1, 2007). They live in Mobile, Alabama. Lieber enjoys hunting as a hobby.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Jon Lieber

wikipedia_title: Jon Lieber


text:
coxed pair
Leonid Rakovshchik
Igor Rudakov
1964 Summer Olympics

categories: Rowers at the 1964 Summer Olympics,1940 births,Olympic rowers of the Soviet Union,Russian male rowers,Living people,Soviet male rowers

paragraph: Nikolay Safronov

paragraph: Nikolay Vasilyevich Safronov (; born 8 May 1940) is a retired Russian rower who had his best achievements in the coxed pairs, together with Leonid Rakovshchik and Igor Rudakov. In this event they won two European medals in 1964 and 1965 and finished fourth at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

description: Russian rower

wikidata_label: Nikolay Safronov

wikipedia_title: Nikolay Safronov


text:
Emerald, Queensland
all-rounder
left-arm orthodox spin
2015 Women's Ashes
Cricket Australia
2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20
Brisbane Heat
2018–19 Women's Big Bash League season
Cricket Australia
tour to England
Women's Ashes
Jessica Jonassen
southernstars.org.au

categories: Queensland Fire cricketers,Cricketers from Queensland,LGBT sportspeople from Australia,Australia women Twenty20 International cricketers,Living people,Sportswomen from Queensland,Australian women cricketers,1992 births,Australia women Test cricketers,Australia women One Day International cricketers,Brisbane Heat (WBBL) cricketers,LGBT cricketers,People from Central Queensland,Lesbian sportswomen

paragraph: Jess Jonassen

paragraph: Jessica Louise Jonassen (born 5 November 1992 in Emerald, Queensland) is an Australian cricketer. She is an all-rounder who bowls left-arm orthodox spin.

paragraph: In June 2015, she was named as one of Australia's touring party for the 2015 Women's Ashes in England. She made 99 and 54 in her test debut, the third-highest number of runs in a women's test debut.

paragraph: In April 2018, she was one of the fourteen players to be awarded a national contract for the 2018–19 season by Cricket Australia. In October 2018, she was named in Australia's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. Jonassen said that "it's a really exciting time to be a part of this team".

paragraph: In November 2018, she was named in Brisbane Heat's squad for the 2018–19 Women's Big Bash League season. In April 2019, Cricket Australia awarded her with a contract ahead of the 2019–20 season. In June 2019, Cricket Australia named her in Australia's team for their tour to England to contest the Women's Ashes.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jessica Jonassen at southernstars.org.au

description: Australian cricketer

wikidata_label: Jess Jonassen

wikipedia_title: Jess Jonassen


text:
Fosnes
Battle of Trangen
tree stump

categories: 1773 births,1808 deaths,People from Nord-Trøndelag,Norwegian military personnel killed in the Napoleonic Wars

paragraph: Nicolay Peter Drejer

paragraph: Nicolay Peter Dreyer (21 March 1773– 29 April 1808) was a Norwegian military officer with the rank of Captain. He was born in Fosnes. He became a legend during the Battle of Trangen on 25 April 1808, leading his infantry regiment first from a roof, then from a tree stump with the height of a man. The stump was later named after him (), a series of myths developed after his death, and he became a national symbol in 1814 and in 1905.

description: Norwegian military officer

wikidata_label: Nicolay Peter Drejer

wikipedia_title: Nicolay Peter Drejer


text:
Norwegian
Danish language
Lesja
Sjælland
Saint Thomas
Danish West Indies
Norwegian Society
Copenhagen
Starkaðr
Saxo Grammaticus
Gesta Danorum
Knud Lyne Rahbek
French Revolution
novelist

categories: 1821 deaths,19th-century Norwegian novelists,Danish male novelists,18th-century Danish poets,Danish diarists,Danish male poets,Norwegian diarists,Norwegian male novelists,19th-century Norwegian male writers,18th-century Danish novelists,19th-century Danish novelists,1756 births,People from Lesja,18th-century Norwegian poets,Norwegian male poets,18th-century Norwegian novelists

paragraph: Christen Pram

paragraph: Christen Henriksen Pram (4 September 1756 – 28 November 1821) was a Norwegian/Danish economist, civil servant, poet, novelist, playwright, diarist and magazine editor. He is held as the first Norwegian novelist, although his writing was carried out in the Danish language.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Christen was born in Lesja, a son of Minister Henrik Frederik Pram and Olava Maria de Stockfleth. When he was eight years old, he moved with his family to Denmark, when his father assumed a position as vicar in Sjælland. He married Maria Magdalena Erichsen in 1782. He died on the island of Saint Thomas, in the Danish West Indies, in 1821.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Pram was an enthusiastic member of the Norwegian Society in Copenhagen, and assumed various positions in "Commercekollegiet" (the Copenhagen College of Commerce), where he was appointed in 1781. He made his literary breakthrough in 1782, with the poem "Emilias Kilde". His best known literary work is the epic cycle of poems "Stærkodder" of 1785, based on the legendary hero Starkaðr from Saxo Grammaticus monumental work "Gesta Danorum". He co-founded and co-edited the cultural magazine "Minerva" from 1785, in cooperation with Knud Lyne Rahbek. He was the sole editor of "Minerva" from 1789, but after having received warnings over his enthusiasm for the French Revolution, he resigned as editor in 1793.

paragraph: He is regarded as the first Norwegian novelist. Among his novels are "Jørgen, en Dosmers Levnedsbeskrivelse (Jørgen, the Biography of a fool)" and "Hans Kruuskop" of 1786, and "John Thral. Bidrag til Frihedens Historie (John Thral. A Contribution to the History of Freedom)" of 1787. He wrote the comedy "Ægteskabsskolen (The School for Marriage)" in 1795. In the same year he delivered a prize-winning contribution to the preparations for a university in Norway.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philippa til Erik" (1779)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Emilias Kilde" (1782)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hymne til Vaaren" (1784)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stærkodder. Et Digt i femten Sange" (1785)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jørgen, en Dosmers Levnedsbeskrivelse", novel (1786)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hans Kruuskop", novel (1786)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "John Thral. Bidrag til Frihedens Historie" (1787)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Om en Husmoders Pligter" (1787)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lagertha" (1789), historic drama

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Damon og Pythias" (1790), historic drama

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frode og Fingal" (1790), historic drama

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forsøg om Dragten, især for Danmark og Norge" (1791)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Negeren" (1791), drama

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ægteskabsskolen. Lystspil i fem Akter" (1795), drama

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Serenaden eller de sorte Næser" (1795), drama

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forsøg om en Højskoles Anlæg i Norge" (1795)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Undersøgelse om den kjøbenhavnske Waisenhusstiftelse" (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brønden" (1800), drama

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frokosten i Bellevue" (1803), drama

description: writer

wikidata_label: Christen Pram

wikipedia_title: Christen Pram


text:
three-cushion carrom
Tom Hueston
Alfredo De Oro

paragraph: George W. Moore

paragraph: George W. Moore was a three-cushion carrom billiard champion.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1910 he was defeated by Tom Hueston by a single point at Doyle's Billiard Academy.

paragraph: In 1915 he defeated Alfredo De Oro at the New York Theatre Concert Hall.

description: billiard champion

wikidata_label: George W. Moore

wikipedia_title: George W. Moore


text:
Polish
szlachcic
starost
Sandomierz
Zator
Ryki
ordynat
Ostrogski Family Fee Tail
Wiśnicz
Dubno
Zasław
Grand Marshal of the Crown
Józef Karol Lubomirski
Teofila Ludwika Zasławska
Voivode of Kraków
Aleksander Michał Lubomirski
Helena Tekla Ossolińska
Władysław Dominik Zasławski
Katarzyna Sobieska
Jan III Sobieski

categories: 1693 births,Lubomirski family,1720 deaths

paragraph: Aleksander Dominik Lubomirski

paragraph: Prince Aleksander Dominik Lubomirski (1693–1720) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), starost of Sandomierz, Zator and Ryki and the IV ordynat of the Ostrogski Family Fee Tail. He was the owner of the Wiśnicz, Dubno and Zasław estates.

paragraph: He was the son of Grand Marshal of the Crown Józef Karol Lubomirski and Princess Teofila Ludwika Zasławska. His paternal grandparents were Voivode of Kraków Aleksander Michał Lubomirski and Princess Helena Tekla Ossolińska. His maternal grandparents were Prince Władysław Dominik Zasławski and Katarzyna Sobieska (sister of King of Poland Jan III Sobieski).

description: Polish noble

wikidata_label: Aleksander Dominik Lubomirski

wikipedia_title: Aleksander Dominik Lubomirski


text: Salisbury

text: experimental music

text: reeds

text: avant-rock

text: Henry Cow

text: Fred Frith

text: Winchester College

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: social anthropology

text: Cambridge

text: anthropology

text: Siberia

text: avant-rock

text: Living in the Heart of the Beast

text: In Praise of Learning

text: Erk Gah

text: The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set

text: instrumentalists

text: Chris Cutler

text: Mike Oldfield

text: Tubular Bells

text: Elements

text: The Work

text: post-punk

text: Bill Gilonis

text: Mick Hobbs

text: Rick Wilson

text: independent record label

text: Woof Records

text: Rock in Opposition

text: Bonn

text: Catherine Jauniaux

text: Slow Crimes

text: Amos

text: Osaka

text: cassette recorder

text: Live in Japan

text: industrial

text: noise

text: Kalahari Surfers

text: Festival of Political Songs

text: Ken Hyder

text: improviser

text: Siberia

text: Soviet Far East

text: Leningrad

text: duo

text: Friendly British Invasion™

text: Soviet Jazz Federation

text: ritual

text: shamanic

text: Gendos Chamzyryn

text: Tuva

text: trio

text: Altay

text: Kargiraa

text: shaman

text: K-Space

text: astrophysicist

text: Nicolai Kozyrev

text: shamanic

text: jazz

text: Konk Pack

text: Budapest

text: Thomas Lehn

text: Cologne

text: Roger Turner

text: prepared guitar

text: psychedelia

text: free jazz

text: electroacoustic improvisation

text: Lol Coxhill

text: Tom Cora

text: Lindsay Cooper

text: John Zorn

text: Evan Parker

text: Charles Hayward

text: The Stone

text: Brixton

text: Skeleton Crew

text: Peter Blegvad

text: anthropology

text: ethnomusicology

text: MIT Press

text: Step Across the Border

text: Brixton

text: Each in Our Own Thoughts

text: Hold to the Zero Burn, Imagine

text: Dagmar Krause

text: MIDI

text: Iancu Dumitrescu

text: Federica Santoro

text: montage

text: Hyperion Ensemble

text: Iancu Dumitrescu

text: Jacques Di Donato

text: Shutter Island

text: Hyperion Ensemble

text: Joan La Barbara

text: post-punk

text: contemporary classical music

text: reed

text: lap steel guitar

text: sampling

text: sequencing

text: MIDI

text: sight-singing

text: Andras Ranki

text: Morley College

text: Henry Cow

text: The Henry Cow Legend

text: Virgin Records

text: Unrest

text: Concerts

text: Caroline Records

text: Western Culture

text: The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set

text: Recommended Records

text: Henry Cow

text: Slapp Happy

text: Desperate Straights

text: In Praise of Learning

text: Art Bears

text: Hopes and Fears

text: The Work

text: Slow Crimes

text: Woof Records

text: Live in Japan

text: Catherine Jauniaux

text: Lindsay Cooper

text: Chris Cutler

text: Bill Gilonis

text: Robert Wyatt

text: The Last Nightingale

text: God

text: Possession

text: The Anatomy of Addiction

text: Fred Frith

text: Live Improvisations

text: Valentina Ponomareva

text: Ken Hyder

text: Grob

text: Ken Hyder

text: Turkey

text: K-Space

text: Infinity

text: Each in Our Own Thoughts

text: Tim Hodgkinson homepage

text: Tim Hodgkinson biography

text: Konk Pack

text: Ken Hyder's homepage

text: "Improvised Music and Siberian Shamanism"

categories: Free improvisation,God (British band) members,People educated at Winchester College,English male composers,Post-punk musicians,English electronica musicians,People from Salisbury,English rock saxophonists,Canterbury scene,Henry Cow members,British male saxophonists,21st-century composers,English keyboardists,British industrial musicians,Living people,1949 births,Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge,English experimental musicians,20th-century British composers,21st-century saxophonists

paragraph: Tim Hodgkinson

paragraph: Timothy "Tim" George Hodgkinson (born 1 May 1949, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England) is an English experimental music composer and performer, principally on reeds, lap steel guitar, and keyboards. He first became known as one of the core members of the British avant-rock group Henry Cow, which he formed with Fred Frith in 1968. After the demise of Henry Cow, he participated in numerous bands and projects, eventually concentrating on composing contemporary music and performing as an improviser.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tim Hodgkinson was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire in England on 1 May 1949, and was educated at Winchester College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated in social anthropology from Cambridge in 1971, but chose to pursue a musical career instead. His interest in anthropology, however, remained and he drew on it later during a series of study trips to Siberia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Henry Cow.

paragraph: While still at university, Hodgkinson and fellow student Fred Frith formed the seminal avant-rock group Henry Cow in 1968. Hodgkinson remained with Henry Cow as one of the band's core members until their demise in 1978 and composed a number of their musical pieces, most notably, "Living in the Heart of the Beast" (recorded on their 1975 album, "In Praise of Learning"), and "Erk Gah" (never formally recorded, but live versions appearing in "The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set"). Henry Cow was the foundation of Hodgkinson's musical education, and it was an opportunity for him to work closely with other instrumentalists and develop new musical landscapes. After Henry Cow split, Hodgkinson and fellow band member Chris Cutler compiled "The Henry Cow Book", a collection of documents and information about the band, published in 1981.

paragraph: In November 1973, Hodgkinson (and other members of Henry Cow) participated in a live-in-the-studio performance of Mike Oldfield's "Tubular Bells" for the BBC. It is available on Oldfield's "Elements" DVD.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Other projects.

paragraph: In 1980 Hodgkinson formed The Work, a post-punk band with guitarist-composer Bill Gilonis, bassist Mick Hobbs and drummer Rick Wilson. At the same time Hodgkinson and Gilonis formed the independent record label, Woof Records. Over the next few years, The Work toured Europe. After performing at a Rock in Opposition festival in Bonn with vocalist Catherine Jauniaux in 1982, the band and Jauniaux recorded "Slow Crimes" (1982) for the Woof label. Later that year, with a slightly altered line-up of Hodgkinson, Gilonis, Amos and Chris Cutler, they performed in Japan. A concert in Osaka in June 1982 was recorded with a cassette recorder halfway down the hall and was later cleaned up and released on an LP "Live in Japan" (1982). After the Japanese tour, The Work disbanded but reformed again in 1989 with the original line-up to record two industrial/noise albums, "Rubber Cage" (1989) and "See" (1992). In February 1987 Hodgkinson toured with South African band Kalahari Surfers, playing at the "Rote Lieder DDR" Festival of Political Songs.

paragraph: In 1990 Hodgkinson and Ken Hyder, a Scottish percussionist and improviser, who had been performing together since 1978 (and used to be called Shams), toured Siberia, Soviet Far East and the heart of USSR (Moscow, Leningrad) as a duo under the banner "Friendly British Invasion™: In Search for the Soviet Sham(an)s" – probably the longest tour produced at the time independently from major Soviet concert officials (by distant Far-Eastern member of the Soviet Jazz Federation and due to the latter's assistance).

paragraph: Later on, they made many other trips to Russia and study trips to Siberia particularly to make contact with local musicians and ritual specialists. It was during these times that they met shamanic musician Gendos Chamzyryn from Tuva and as a trio, they toured Altay villages in the summer of 1998. Chamzyryn played a variety of traditional Tuvan instruments and used the deep-vocal Kargiraa style of overtone-singing.

paragraph: The success of this "shaman" project resulted in the formation of K-Space, a band comprising Hodgkinson, Hyder and Chamzyryn. K-Space's name came from Kozyrev-Space, a space/time warp supposedly created by Russian astrophysicist Nicolai Kozyrev using a device he built called Kozyrev's Mirrors. Their music was "sham beat", which incorporated elements of shamanic culture and jazz. From 1999 they began touring Asia and Europe and have released four CDs since 2002.

paragraph: A free improvisation band Hodgkinson is deeply involved with is Konk Pack. Formed at the Szuenetjel Festival in Budapest in 1997 with Thomas Lehn from Cologne on synthesizer, Roger Turner from London on percussion and Hodgkinson on reeds and prepared guitar, the trio performs a blend of psychedelia, free jazz and electroacoustic improvisation. In 1999 they released a CD of live recordings "The Big Deep" and made further CDs in 2001, 2005, 2010 and 2013. In 2005 Konk Pack toured the United Kingdom with Lol Coxhill replacing Thomas Lehn. In 2007 they toured The Netherlands, Belgium and Germany with the original line-up.

paragraph: As an improviser, Tim Hodgkinson performed with many musicians over the years, including Lol Coxhill, Fred Frith, Chris Cutler, Tom Cora, Lindsay Cooper, John Zorn, Evan Parker, Catherine Jauniaux and Charles Hayward. In December 2006, Cutler, Frith and Hodgkinson performed together at The Stone in New York City, their first concert performance since Henry Cow's demise in 1978.

paragraph: From 1983 to 1985 Hodgkinson managed the Cold Storage Recording Studios in Brixton, London, producing records for Fred Frith's Skeleton Crew, Peter Blegvad and others. He has written a book on the anthropology of music and contributed to periodicals such as "Contemporary Music Review", "Musicworks", "Musica/Realta", and "Resonance" on music and technology, ethnomusicology, improvisation and other topics. In 2016 his book "Music and the Myth of Wholeness – Toward a New Aesthetic Paradigm" was published by MIT Press.

paragraph: Hodgkinson appeared in Nicolas Humbert and Werner Penzel's 1990 documentary film on Fred Frith, "Step Across the Border", rehearsing with Frith at Hodgkinson's home in Brixton, London in December 1988.

paragraph: Tim Hodgkinson's first solo album was "Splutter" in 1986, consisting of improvisations on alto and baritone saxophones and clarinet, sometimes accompanied by electronics, sometimes multi-tracked. He followed it up with "KLARNT" in 2008, an album of eleven solo clarinet improvisations.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Composition.

paragraph: Beginning in the early 90's Hodgkinson again applied himself to composition, initially returning to the approach developed in his Henry Cow period.

paragraph: In 1994 he released "Each in Our Own Thoughts", a collection of pieces including his first string quartet, and a piece written for Henry Cow in 1976 ("Hold to the Zero Burn, Imagine"), which was performed at the time (as "Erk Gah") but never recorded in the studio. When finally recorded in 1993 he brought in three other members of the original band: Chris Cutler, Lindsay Cooper and Dagmar Krause. A further piece "Numinous Pools For Mental Orchestra" was realised entirely with MIDI-instruments.

paragraph: However his work as an improviser by now made him far more aware of the limitations of his current way of writing. An encounter with Iancu Dumitrescu and the Romanian Spectralist school provided a turning point, after which he began to find new ways of developing musical structures out of the behaviours of sounds and unstable acoustic systems. This became evident with the release of the CD "Pragma" in 1998, on which the pieces are realised on a computer using a mix of live instruments and samples.

paragraph: In 2000 Hodgkinson made "Sang", a collection of new compositions. The first and third pieces were performed by Hodgkinson alone, playing viola, piano, alto saxophone, percussion and MIDI instruments; the second piece "GUSHe", which he has often performed live, is for clarinet with electronic accompaniment, while the last, "MÀ" was performed by Federica Santoro (singing) with a montage made from recordings of other pieces of Hodgkinson's (a rehearsal with Banda Municipal de Barcelona and fragments of his second String Quartet).

paragraph: Hodgkinson then released "Sketch of Now" on the Mode label in 2006. It comprises three compositions for the Romanian Hyperion Ensemble, of which Hodgkinson conducted two and played on one (conducted by Iancu Dumitrescu); two compositions performed by Hodgkinson: one for bass clarinet and tape, one for computer-modified cello and electric guitar; one piece for two clarinets, one doubling on bass, and piano, performed by Isabelle Duthoit, Jacques Di Donato and Pascale Berthelot. The track, "Fragor" appears in the 2010 film "Shutter Island", but was not featured on the soundtrack CD.

paragraph: This was followed up in 2014 with "Onsets", a second CD for the Mode label. Five of the six pieces are performed by the Hyperion Ensemble, and one piece by the New York based ensemble Ne(x)tworks. Hodgkinson conducts all the pieces and also plays bass clarinet on “Ulaaraar.”

paragraph: In 2015, he released "CUTS" on the Freeform Association label, which groups together three compositions having a mathematical approach in their structure. “Hard without I” is performed by the composer on solo bass clarinet. “On Earth” is Hodgkinson's second piece to be performed by Ne(x)tworks, this time with Joan La Barbara. “Ananké” is performed by the Hyperion Ensemble. The latter two pieces are conducted by the composer.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: Tim Hodgkinson's music displays many personalities: from the serious and complex musical structures of Henry Cow to the angry post-punk crash of guitars in The Work; from free-wheeling improvisations with Konk Pack to the contemporary classical music of his recordings for the Mode label.

paragraph: The instruments he plays are principally reeds (clarinet, bass clarinet, and alto saxophone), but with Henry Cow he mostly played keyboards, and with The Work, K-Space and Konk Pack he played and plays lap steel guitar. He also sang in The Work. For his solo recordings he added viola, percussion, sampling, sequencing and MIDI.

paragraph: Hodgkinson is a self-taught musician. He started formal piano and clarinet lessons as a child, but quickly abandoned them. He then began writing down music, initially using a keyboard but soon switched to writing the sounds in his head directly onto paper. To assist with this process, he studied sight-singing with Andras Ranki at Morley College, London in 1983.

paragraph: Section::::Recent works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Repulsion" (1997) – for clarinet, electric guitar, trombone, percussion. c 10'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "SHHH" (1996–97) – for taped voices. c 7'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "For Looking Inside" (1997) – for 3 prepared violas. c 10'30"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Interferogram" (1997) – for large ensemble. c 10'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mala; Elated" (1997) – for clarinet, harpsichord, organ, metal plates, cymbals. c 8'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Death and Errors in Construction" (1998) – for bass clarinet, prepared piano, electric guitar, 2 cellos, 2 violas, percussion, tape. c 12'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Road to Erzin" (1999) – for viola, piano, alto saxophone, percussion (2 players) & live electronic sound-processing. c 15'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crackle of Forests" (1999) – for many instruments. c 23'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gushe" (1999) – solo clarinet and tape. c 13'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ma" (1999) – montage. c 20'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Apophasis" (2001) – concrète sound-art piece with David Connearn. c 22'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fighting/Breathing" (2001) – for bass clarinet and taped percussion. c 7'40"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "String Quartet 3" (2000–1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vers Kongsu" (2002) – for clarinet and percussion. c 15'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fragor" (2003) – computer-assisted music for arco electric guitar and cello. c 7'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vers Kongsu II" (2003) – revised version of Vers Kongsu for clarinet and ensemble.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Yoknapatawpha" (2003–04) – 2 clarinets (one doubling bass) + piano. c 12'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Watching into a Hard Stone" (2004) – tape music using sounds of clarinet, ringmodulator, prepared piano, pitch shifter. c 9'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aici Schiteaza Pe Acumul" (2004) – for tape and instrumental ensemble (3 vln/vla, 2 celli, 2 cb, oboe, 2 flt, clar, bass-clar, bassoon, sax, trom, 2 percuss, piano). c 9'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Further into Hard Stone" (2004) – arranged for flute (+ pic), oboe, 2 clars, bassoon, fr horn, saxes, strings, piano, percussion. c 9'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Piece for Harp and Cello" (2004–05) – c 9'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nameless Tower" (2005) – for Vln, 2 alto, cello, flute, clar, bass clar, trombone, piano, 2 percussion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thrown" (2005) – for bass clarinet doubling clarinet, harp, piano, double bass, percussion and live sound treatment and projection. c 9'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ulaaraar" (2005) – for bass clarinet, string ensemble (min 2 altos, 2 cellos) and small gong. c 10'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Untitled for solo Bb clarinet" (2005–06)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carillon for Amplified Harpsichord and four pre-recorded Electric Guitars" (2006) – for harpsichord and tape. c 4'45"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hearken" (2006) – for bass clarinet and tape. c 12'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Against Time" (2006) – for 14 woodwind & brass instruments, percussion, keyboard. c 19'45"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amhas / Niritti" (2006) – for tape and ensemble. c 14'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nomos-Yozu" (2007) – for ensemble. c 13' Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival Commission.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "the hum of destruction whirrs through the national cackle of love and produce" (2007) – for (bass) flute, acoustic guitar, electronics. c 17'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tmesis" (2007) – for tape, solo cello, 2 clarinets, 2 percussion, horn, trombone. c 10'30"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chasma" (2008) – for Ensemble: flute, oboe, clarinet, trumpet, horn, trombone doubling cb. trom, piano, harp, 2 vlns, 2 vlas, 2 cellos, 2 basses. c23'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "ZUD" (2008) – graphic score for elec guitar, piano, cello, bass, percussion. c 9'20"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ich Horig" (2008) – graphic score for tape, clarinet, piano, cello, bass, percussion. c 7'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ici-bas" (2009) – for flute, 2 clarinets, bassoon, 2 trombones, piano, 3 violins, 3 altos, 2 cellos, 2 basses. For Spectrum XXI 2009. c 14"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Attaot" (2009) – for flute, clarinet, bassoon, 2 trombones, 2 percussion, violin, alto, cello, 2 basses & tape. For Spectrum XXI 2009. 8'30"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jo-Ha-Qui" (2010) – for string quartet, harp, trombone, synthesiser and bowed glass. c 16"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Glow and Zigzag" (2011) – for French horn solo. London Sinfonietta commission. c 6"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tree Leaf Talk" (2011) – for voice, violin, cello, trombone, harp, piano, live and pre-recorded electronic sound. Commissioned by Ne(X)tworks Ensemble, NYC. c 35"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hail and Flummox" (2011) – flute, clarinet, horn, violin, cello. London Sinfonietta commission. 7"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ananké" (2011) – flute, clarinet, violin, 2 cellos, double bass, piano, percussion, electric guitar, no-input mixer, and pre-recorded computer-modulated sound. For Spectrum XXI 2011. c 16"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Landscape Theory of Mind" (2012) – violin solo. Commissioned by Cornelius Dufallo.c 7"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ricochet" (2013) – for strings, piano, electric guitar & tape. For Spectrum XXI 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Bands and projects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Henry Cow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Henry Cow Legend" (1973, LP, Virgin Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unrest" (1974, LP, Virgin Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Concerts" (1976, LP, Caroline Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Western Culture" (1979, LP, Broadcast, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set" (2009, 9xCD+DVD, Recommended Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Henry Cow/Slapp Happy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Desperate Straights" (1975, LP, Virgin Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Praise of Learning" (1975, LP, Virgin Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Art Bears

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hopes and Fears" (1978, LP, Recommended Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With The Work

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slow Crimes" (1982, LP, Woof Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live in Japan" (1982, LP, Recommended Records, Japan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Worst of Everywhere" (1983, cassette, Woof Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rubber Cage" (1989, LP, Woof Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "See" (1992, CD, Woof Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The 4th World" (2010, CD, Ad Hoc Records, US)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Catherine Jauniaux

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fluvial" (1983, LP, Woof Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Lindsay Cooper, Chris Cutler, Bill Gilonis and Robert Wyatt

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Nightingale" (1984, LP, Recommended Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With The Momes

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spiralling" (1989, Woof Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With God

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Loco" (1991, CD, Pathological Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Possession" (1992, CD, Caroline Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Consumed" (1993, CD, Sentrax Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Anatomy of Addiction" (1994, CD, Big Cat, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Fred Frith

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live Improvisations" (1992, CD, Woof Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Valentina Ponomareva & Ken Hyder

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Goose" (1992, CD, Megaphone Records US, Woof Records UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Konk Pack

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big Deep" (1999, CD, Grob, Germany)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Warp Out" (2001, CD, Grob, Germany)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Off Leash" (2005, CD, Grob, Germany)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Hills" (2010, CD, Grob, Germany)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doing the Splash" (2013, CD, Megaphone, US)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Black Paintings (Nikolai Galen / Tim Hodgkinson / Ken Hyder)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Screams and Silence" (2008, CD, Voice of Shade, Turkey)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With K-Space

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bear Bones" (2002, CD, Slam Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Going Up" (2004, CD, Ad Hoc, US)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Infinity" (2008, CD-ROM, Ad Hoc, US)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Sky" (2013, CD, Setola Di Maiale Records, Italy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With RAZ3 (Lu Edmonds / Ken Hyder / Tim Hodgkinson)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "RAZ3" (2008, CD, ??, UK)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Splutter" (1985, LP, Woof Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Each in Our Own Thoughts" (1994, CD, Woof Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pragma" (1998, CD, Recommended Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sang" (2000, CD, Recommended Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sketch of Now" (2006, CD, Mode, US)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Klarnt" (2010, CD Recommended Records, UK)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Onsets" (2014, CD, Mode, US)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cuts" (2015, CD, Freeform Association, Poland)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tim Hodgkinson homepage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tim Hodgkinson biography at Calyx: The Canterbury Website.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Konk Pack.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ken Hyder's homepage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Improvised Music and Siberian Shamanism". "An essay by Tim Hodgkinson".

description: English experimental music composer and performer

wikidata_label: Tim Hodgkinson

wikipedia_title: Tim Hodgkinson


text: Order of Friars Minor

text: Chivasso

text: Piedmont

text: Coni

text: Piedmont

text: University of Bologna

text: Canon Law

text: Order of Friars Minor

text: Pope Sixtus IV

text: Bernadine of Siena

text: Saluzzo

text: Mondovì

text: Pinerolo

text: Mantua

text: Genoa

text: Cuneo

text: Susa

text: Monferrato

text: Turin

text: Charles I, Duke of Savoy

text: Catherine of Genoa

text: Paola Gambara

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Mehmed II

text: Otranto

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: Sixtus IV

text: crusade

text: Innocent VIII

text: Bishop of Mauriana

text: Waldensians

text: Scotism

text: Freiburg

text: Bartholomew of San Concordio

text: canon law

text: Munich

text: casuistic theology

text: Martin Luther

text: publicly burned

text: Wittenberg

text: Exsurge Domine

text: Johann Eck

text: Pope Benedict XIII

text: Chivasso

text: Coni

categories: Italian beatified people,Italian Friars Minor,1495 deaths,1411 births,15th-century Roman Catholic theologians,Medieval Italian theologians,Scotism,15th-century venerated Christians,People from Chivasso

paragraph: Angelo Carletti di Chivasso

paragraph: Blessed Angelo Carletti di Chivasso was a noted moral theologian of the Order of Friars Minor; born at Chivasso in Piedmont, in 1411; and died at Coni, in Piedmont, in 1495.

paragraph: His name in Latin is usually given as Angelus de Clavasio (Clavasium being the Latin name of his birthplace). This form is preserved in bibliographic usage.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Antonio Carletti was born in 1411 to a noble family of Chivasso, Italy, near Turin. He attended the University of Bologna, where he received the degree of Doctor of Civil and Canon Law, and served as a magistrate in the Court of Chiavasso. He was appointed to the Senate by the Marquis of Monferrato Gian Giacomo. It was probably at the age of thirty that he entered the Order of Friars Minor at Santa Maria del Monte in Genoa, taking the name Angelo. There he met Francesco della Rovere, who was later to become Pope Sixtus IV.

paragraph: In 1467 he accompanied Fra Pietro da Napoli, who had been charged by the Vicar General to reorder the Franciscan province of Austria.

paragraph: In 1472 he was chosen to fill the office of Vicar-General of that branch of the Order then known as the Cismontane Observance, founded by Bernadine of Siena. He held that office again in 1478, in 1485 and in 1490. He founded the monasteries of Saluzzo, Mondovì and Pinerolo; and preached in Mantua, Genoa, Cuneo, Susa, Monferrato and Turin at the court of Charles I, Duke of Savoy. He also served as a spiritual counselor for Catherine of Genoa and Blessed Paola Gambara.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Apostolic Nuncio.

paragraph: In 1480 the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II took possession of Otranto, and threatened to overrun and lay waste the area. Angelo was appointed Apostolic Nuncio by Pope Sixtus IV, and commissioned to preach a crusade against the invaders. While the residents of Otranto held out under siege, Mehmed II died and the Turkish forces retired from the Italian peninsula.

paragraph: Again, in 1491, he was appointed Apostolic Nuncio and Commissary by Innocent VIII, conjointly with the Bishop of Mauriana, and reached a peaceful agreement between Catholics and Waldensians.

paragraph: Angelo Carletti di Chivasso died on April 11, 1495 at the convent of St. Anthony at Cuneo.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: In theology he is considered a major adherent of Scotism. His works are given by Wadding in the latter's ""Scriptores Ordinis Minorum"". The most noted of these is the ""Summa de Casibus Conscientiae"", called after him the ""Summa Angelica"". The basis of this work was a "Summa Confessorum" by John Rumsik, O. P., Lector of Freiburg (d. 1314), which was then arranged alphabetically by Bartholomew of San Concordio who also added material on canon law. The first edition of di Chivasso's "Summa Angelica" appeared in the year 1486, and from that year to the year 1520 it went through 31 editions, 25 of which are preserved in the Royal Library at Munich.

paragraph: The "Summa" is divided into 659 articles arranged in alphabetical order and forming what would now be called a dictionary of moral theology. The most important of these articles is the one entitled ""Interrogationes in Confessione"". It serves, in a way, as a dictionary of moral theology and was found very useful for confessors. Judging the character of the work of Bl. Angelo as a theologian from this, his most important contribution to moral theology, one is impressed with the gravity and fairness that characterized his opinions throughout. The "Summa" is a valuable guide in matters of conscience and approaches closely, in the treatment of the various articles, to casuistic theology as this science is now understood, hence the title of the work, ""Summa de Casibus Conscientiae"".

paragraph: Martin Luther considered it a symbol of Catholic orthodoxy and had it publicly burned in the public square outside Wittenberg's Elster Gate on December 10, 1520 together with the Bull of Excommunication Exsurge Domine, the Corpus of Canon Law, and Johann Eck's ""Chrysopassus"".

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: On April 14, 1753, Pope Benedict XIII beatified Angelo Carletti, giving official approval to the cult that had for long been paid to Angelo, especially by the people of Chivasso and Coni. The latter chose him as their special patron. His feast is kept on 12 April. He is celebrated in his native Chivasso, with an old country fair each year at the end of August.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- digital "Summa de angelica". - Nürnberg : Anton Koberger, 10.02.1492.

description: Franciscan moral theologian

wikidata_label: Angelo Carletti di Chivasso

wikipedia_title: Angelo Carletti di Chivasso


text:
Italian
Florence
Milan
Peace of Lodi
Cosimo de' Medici the Elder
Piero the Gouty
Luca Pitti
Angelo Acciaiuoli
Niccolò Soderini
Sicily
Ferrara
Borso d'Este
Rome
Santa Maria sopra Minerva
Mino da Fiesole
Louvre
Domenico Ghirlandaio
Sistine Chapel

categories: 1482 deaths,Ambassadors of the Republic of Florence,Italian politicians,1401 births,Burials at Santa Maria sopra Minerva

paragraph: Diotisalvi Neroni

paragraph: Diotisalvi Neroni (1401 – 4 August 1482) was an Italian politician.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Florence, he was appointed to numerous important positions in that city. He was ambassador in Milan and a protagonist of the Peace of Lodi in 1454.

paragraph: The chief advisor of Cosimo de' Medici the Elder, he helped him to return to Florence from his exile. Cosimo recommended that Florence be governed under Neroni's direction after his death, but the ineptitude and the tyrannical behavior shown by Cosimo's son, Piero the Gouty, pushed Neroni to take part in the 1466 conspiracy against him led by Luca Pitti, Angelo Acciaiuoli and Niccolò Soderini. Piero, however, was warned of the plot and crushed all its participants. Neroni and his sons were declared rebels; all their assets were confiscated.

paragraph: Neroni moved to Sicily and, later, to Ferrara, where he was hosted by Borso d'Este, another member of the 1466 conspiracy.

paragraph: He died in Rome and was buried in the basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. Of him, by Mino da Fiesole in the Louvre and a portrait by Domenico Ghirlandaio in the Sistine Chapel remain.

description: Italian politician

wikidata_label: Diotisalvi Neroni

wikipedia_title: Diotisalvi Neroni


text:
Siena
Pope Innocent IV
Gran Tavola
Papal States
Pope Clement IV
tithe
Holy Land
Charles of Anjou
Kingdom of Sicily
Hohenstaufen

categories: Economic history of the Holy See,Medieval bankers,1273 deaths,13th-century Italian people,People from Siena,Italian bankers,13th-century births

paragraph: Orlando Bonsignori

paragraph: Orlando Bonsignori (died 1273) was an Italian banker from Siena.

paragraph: He was the son of Bonsignore di Bernardo, a minor merchant, but Orlando, together with his brother Bonifazio, expanded the family fortunes until in the 1230 he was among the largest Sienese taxpayers. Friendship with Pope Innocent IV led to the Bonsignori acting as his agents and bankers.

paragraph: In 1255, after Bonifazio's death, Orlando formed a consortium called the "Gran Tavola" ("Great Table"), which soon became the most powerful bank in Europe. It became the exclusive banker for the deposits of the income of the Papal States and, under Pope Clement IV, the ecclesiastical tithes for the Holy Land. The Gran Tavola supported Charles of Anjou in his conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily, and benefited greatly from his victory over the Hohenstaufen.

paragraph: Orlando Bonsignori died in 1273. After his death the Gran Tavola soon declined and eventually went bankrupt in the early 14th century.

description: Italian banker

wikidata_label: Orlando Bonsignori

wikipedia_title: Orlando Bonsignori


text: British

text: Liberal Party

text: Labour Party

text: Manchester Grammar School

text: Free Trade Union

text: Holderness

text: Member of Parliament

text: Holmfirth

text: West Riding of Yorkshire

text: by-election

text: Henry Wilson

text: Jack Pease

text: President of the Board of Education

text: Edwin Samuel Montagu

text: 1918 general election

text: Penistone constituency

text: Ramsay MacDonald

text: 1924 Labour Government

text: Paymaster-General

text: second government

text: Pacifist

text: Anglo-German Fellowship

text: The Times

text: appeasement

text: Barry Domvile

text: The Link

text: William Harbutt Dawson

text: Smedley Crooke

text: Lord Londonderry

text: far right

categories: UK MPs 1918–1922,1945 deaths,1878 births,Labour Party (UK) hereditary peers,UK MPs 1910–1918,Politics of Penistone,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

paragraph: Sydney Arnold, 1st Baron Arnold

paragraph: Sydney Arnold, 1st Baron Arnold (13 January 1878 – 3 August 1945) was a radical British Liberal Party politician who later joined the Labour Party and served as a government minister.

paragraph: A son of W. A. Arnold, of Manchester, he was educated at Manchester Grammar School. As a member of the General Committee of the Manchester Liberal Federation, he served as Honorary Treasurer of the North-West Division of the Free Trade Union.

paragraph: He unsuccessfully contested the Conservative seat of Holderness Division of the East Riding of Yorkshire at the December 1910 General Election. He was elected in 1912 as Member of Parliament for Holmfirth in what was then the West Riding of Yorkshire at a by-election following the resignation of the long-serving Liberal MP Henry Wilson.

paragraph: In 1914 he was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to Jack Pease, the President of the Board of Education. He was also appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to Edwin Samuel Montagu the Financial Secretary to the Treasury. During the war he served as a captain in the South Staffordshire Regiment.

paragraph: When his constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election, he was elected for the new Penistone constituency against a Coalition Government endorsed Unionist candidate.

paragraph: He supported a levy on capital and the nationalisation of the mines and railways. He resigned that seat due to ill-health in 1921.

paragraph: Section::::Labour party.

paragraph: In 1922 he joined the Labour Party and was ennobled in 1924 as Baron Arnold, of Hale in the County of Chester, and served as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies in Ramsay MacDonald's short-lived 1924 Labour Government, and as Paymaster-General from 1929 to 6 March 1931 in Macdonald's second government.

paragraph: In the late 1930s he was a member of the Parliamentary Pacifist Group. He also served as a member of the council of the Anglo-German Fellowship. He resigned from the Labour Party, in 1938, on account of disagreement with its Foreign Policy.

paragraph: Subsequently, his name was one of twenty-six attached to a letter printed in "The Times" supporting a policy of appeasement towards Germany. Because signatories included Barry Domvile and other leading members it was dubbed "The Link Letter" and its various signatories, including political moderates such as Arnold, William Harbutt Dawson, Smedley Crooke and Lord Londonderry, came under suspicion as far right supporters.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Sydney Arnold, 1st Baron Arnold

wikipedia_title: Sydney Arnold, 1st Baron Arnold


text: World War I

text: World War II

text: fall of France

text: Free French

text: Compagnon de la Libération

text: Valognes

text: Manche

text: École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr

text: Sub-Lieutenant

text: Lieutenant

text: World War I

text: battle of Neufchâteau

text: Belgium

text: Captain

text: Interwar period

text: Major

text: Lieutenant Colonel

text: Colonel

text: Brigadier-General

text: World War II

text: General Officer Commanding

text: François Mitterrand

text: Villefranche-sur-Mer

text: France

text: Grand Cross of the Légion of Honor

text: Compagnon de la Libération

text: Médaille militaire

text: Croix de guerre 1914–1918

text: Commander of the Order of the Bath

text: Commander of the Legion of Merit

text: French Somaliland

text: East African Campaign

text: Battle of Madagascar

wikipedia_title:
World War I
World War II
Battle of France
Free France
Order of Liberation
Valognes
Manche
École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
Sub-lieutenant
Lieutenant
World War I
Battle of Rossignol
Belgium
Captain (armed forces)
Interwar period
Major
Lieutenant colonel
Colonel
Brigadier general
World War II
General officer commanding
Overseas France
François Mitterrand
Villefranche-sur-Mer
France
Legion of Honour
Order of Liberation
Médaille militaire
Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Order of the Dragon of Annam
Order of the Bath
Legion of Merit
French Somaliland
East African campaign (World War II)
Battle of Madagascar

categories: Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France),French colonial governors and administrators,Colonial Governors of French Madagascar,Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur,Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France),French military personnel of World War I,World War I prisoners of war held by Germany,Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni,Recipients of the Order of the Dragon of Annam,People from Manche,Commanders of the Legion of Merit,Companions of the Liberation,1884 births,French military leaders,1975 deaths,French generals,French military personnel of World War II,Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath,French prisoners of war in World War I

paragraph: Paul Legentilhomme

paragraph: Paul Louis Legentilhomme (March 26, 1884 – May 23, 1975) was an officer in the French Army during World War I and World War II. After the fall of France in 1940, he joined the forces of the Free French. Legentilhomme was a recipient of the "Order of the Liberation" ("Compagnon de la Libération").

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Legentilhomme was born on March 26, 1884 in Valognes, Manche.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1905 to 1907 : Cadet at the École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr (promotion ""la Dernière du vieux Bahut"")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1907 : Promoted to Sub-Lieutenant

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1909 : Promoted to Lieutenant

paragraph: World War I

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 : His unit took part in the battle of Neufchâteau in Belgium, on August 22, and was captured by the Germans.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 to 1918 : In German captivity.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1918 : Promoted to Captain

paragraph: Interwar period

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 : Promoted to Major

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 to 1928 : Chief of Staff Madagascar

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 : Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 to 1931 : Chief of Staff 3rd Colonial Division

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 : Promoted to Colonel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 to 1938 : Commanding Officer 4th Senegalese Tirailleurs Regiment

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 : Promoted to Brigadier-General

paragraph: World War II

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 to 1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 to 1946 : General Officer Commanding Paris Military Region

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1946 to 1947 : General Officer Commanding 1st Military Region

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 : Promoted Army General

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 : Retired

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 : Military advisor of the Minister for French overseas departments and territories

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 : Technical advisor of the Minister François Mitterrand (who much later was President of the French Republic between 1981 and 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 to 1958 : Member of the "Assemblée de l'Union française" for the

paragraph: BULLET::::- 23 May 1975 : Paul Legentilhomme died at age 91 in Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. He is buried there.

paragraph: Section::::Honour.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Cross of the Légion of Honor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Compagnon de la Libération

paragraph: BULLET::::- Médaille militaire

paragraph: BULLET::::- Croix de guerre 1914–1918

paragraph: BULLET::::- Croix de guerre 1939–1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight of the Order of the Dragon of Annam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander of the Order of the Bath (GB)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander of the Legion of Merit (USA)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- French Somaliland

paragraph: BULLET::::- East African Campaign

paragraph: BULLET::::- Syria-Lebanon Campaign

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Madagascar

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Full Biography in the "ordre de la Libération" website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Paul Legentilhomme

alias:
Paul Louis Le Gentilhomme
Paul-Louis-Victor-Marie Legentilhomme

description: French general

wikidata_label: Paul Legentilhomme

wikipedia_title: Paul Legentilhomme


text:
Baroque
Style Louis XIV
Gobelins Manufactory
Charles Le Brun
Chateau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Palace of Versailles
Antoine Coysevox
Pieta
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Saint-Eustache
Cardinal Mazarin
Collège des Quatre-Nations
Institut de France
Basilica of Saint-Denis
Les Invalides

wikipedia_title:
Baroque
Style Louis XIV
Gobelins Manufactory
Charles Le Brun
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Palace of Versailles
Antoine Coysevox
Pietà
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Saint-Eustache, Paris
Cardinal Mazarin
Collège des Quatre-Nations
Institut de France
Basilica of Saint-Denis
Les Invalides

categories: French sculptors,French male sculptors,1635 births

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Tuby

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Tuby (Also known as "Le Romain" - born in Rome in 1635, died in Paris 9 August 1700) was a French sculptor of Italian origins, best known for the sculpture in the fountains of the Gardens of Versailles. His work expresses the exuberance of the Baroque blended with the classicism of the Style Louis XIV.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Tuby was born Giambattista Tubi in Rome in 1635, and first trained as a sculptor in Italy, before coming to France sometime after 1660. He was first engaged by the Gobelins Manufactory, headed by Charles Le Brun, the chief artist for the King. In 1664-65, he was employed making sculptures for the grottoes and terraces of the Chateau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. This led to major projects for the fountains and gardens of the Palace of Versailles, including the gilded lead sculpture of Apollo and his chariot for the Basin of Apollo (1668-71), the statues of the Rivers Saone and Rhone for the central basin (1683) athe statue of Flore. He also made a monumental statue of Peace and a large carved marble vase for the courtyard, and several other statues on mythological themes for the bouquets, or enclosed gardens, in the park.

paragraph: Le Rhône, La Saône, bronzes (1685-1688)

paragraph: Le vase de la paix, marbre (1685-1686).

paragraph: In addition to his work at Versailles, he collaborated on several projects with sculptor Antoine Coysevox, making a Pieta for the sepulcher of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, now in the Church of Saint-Eustache in Paris, and a bronze statue of "Peace" at the foot of the funeral monument to Cardinal Mazarin, in the Collège des Quatre-Nations (now the Institut de France). He also worked on the group of figures around the funeral monument to Marshal Turenne, originally in the Basilica of Saint-Denis, now at near the tomb of Napoleon at Les Invalides.

paragraph: He was naturalized as a French citizen in 1672, and married the niece of Le Brun. Under Le Bruns's sponsorship he entered the new Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in 1676.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geese, Uwe, Section on Baroque sculpture in "L'Art Baroque - Architecture - Sculpture - Peinture" (French translation from German), H.F. Ulmann, Cologne, 2015. ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Petit Robert des Noms Propres", Paris (2010), ()

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tuby's bronze

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tuby's marble Vase of Peace at Versailles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tuby's bronze figure, The Rhone, Parterre d'Eau at Versailles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tuby's bronze figure, The Saon, Parterre d'Eau at Versailles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Site on Tuby at the National Library of France (in French) data BnF : Jean-Baptiste Tuby (1635-1700)

alias:
Jean-Baptiste Thuby
Baptiste Tuby
Jean-Baptiste Tubij
Jean-Baptiste Tubi
Jean Tuby
le Romain Tubi
Jean Baptiste I Tubi
Jean, the elder Tuby
Jean le Romain Tubi
Jean-Baptiste, I Tuby
Jean Baptiste, I Tuby
Jean Tubi
Jean Tuby the Elder
le Romain Tuby
Jean Baptiste Tuby
Jean Baptiste I Tuby
Tuby
le Romain
Jean-Baptiste I Tuby

description: French artist

wikidata_label: Jean-Baptiste Tuby

wikipedia_title: Jean-Baptiste Tuby