text: Castrogiovanni

text: republicanism

text: socialism

text: Marxist

text: republicanism

text: Lombrosian school in criminology

text: Italian Chamber of Deputies

text: Enna

text: Sicily

text: Giuseppe Garibaldi

text: Redshirts

text: Expedition of the Thousand

text: unification of Italy

text: Expedition against Rome

text: Aspromonte

text: Palmaria

text: Third Italian War of Independence

text: Battle of Bezzecca

text: Trentino

text: Genoa

text: Battle of Mentana

text: Naples

text: Victor Emmanuel III of Italy

text: Arcangelo Ghisleri

text: positivist theories

text: Filippo Turati

text: Leonida Bissolati

text: Darwinian evolution

text: Mazzini

text: Georges Sorel

text: University of Palermo

text: Cesare Lombroso

text: Enrico Ferri

text: criminology

text: biological determinism

text: anthropometrical categories

text: cultural stereotypes

text: racial superiority

text: Caltanissetta

text: Italian Chamber of Deputies

text: Banca Romana scandal

text: Eritrea

text: Giovanni Giolitti

text: Fasci Siciliani

text: democratic

text: socialist

text: Sicily

text: Francesco Crispi

text: Roberto Morra di Lavriano

text: republicanism

text: Italian Republican Party

text: federalism

text: Southern question

text: Mafia

text: j’accuse

text: Emanuele Notarbartolo

text: Raffaele Palizzolo

text: Sicilian Mafia

text: Marxism

text: class struggle

text: Italian invasion of Libya

text: First World War

text: Triple Entente

text: Avanti

text: Benito Mussolini

text: Bolshevik

text: communists

text: fascism

text: Nel regno della mafia

text: Criminology

categories: 1847 births,Fasci Siciliani,Italian socialists,Antimafia,People from Enna,Deputies of Legislature XIX of the Kingdom of Italy,Deputies of Legislature XXII of the Kingdom of Italy,Deputies of Legislature XXIII of the Kingdom of Italy,Deputies of Legislature XXIV of the Kingdom of Italy,University of Palermo faculty,Italian criminologists,1921 deaths,Deputies of Legislature XVII of the Kingdom of Italy,Deputies of Legislature XX of the Kingdom of Italy,Deputies of Legislature XVIII of the Kingdom of Italy,Deputies of Legislature XXI of the Kingdom of Italy,Deputies of Legislature XXV of the Kingdom of Italy,Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy)

paragraph: Napoleone Colajanni

paragraph: Napoleone Colajanni (Castrogiovanni, 27 April 1847 – Castrogiovanni, 2 September 1921) was an Italian writer, journalist, criminologist, socialist and politician. In the 1880s he abandoned republicanism for socialism, and became Italy's leading theoretical writer on the issue for a time. He has been called the father of Sicilian socialism. Due to the Socialist party's discourse of Marxist class struggle, he reverted in 1894 to his original republicanism. Colajanni was an ardent critic of the Lombrosian school in criminology. In 1890 he was elected in the national Italian Chamber of Deputies and was re-elected in all subsequent parliaments until his death in September 1921.

paragraph: Section::::Redshirt.

paragraph: Colajanni was born in Castrogiovanni (now Enna) in Sicily in a family of intense patriotic feelings. His father Luigi Colajanni and mother Concetta Falautano were small entrepreneurs in the sulfur industry.

paragraph: At a young age he was inspired by Giuseppe Garibaldi and attempted to join the Redshirts in the Expedition of the Thousand for the unification of Italy in 1860 escaping to Palermo at the age of 13, but without success. A relative recognised the young boy and brought him back home. Two years later, in 1862, when Garibaldi passed by Castrogiovanni in his Expedition against Rome, Colajanni joined the troops. He reached the Aspromonte, where he was captured by government troops and deported to the island of Palmaria. Liberated after an amnesty he returned to Sicily but volunteered again with Garibaldi's troops in the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866 and participated in the Battle of Bezzecca in Trentino, northern Italy, in July 1866.

paragraph: After the war, he finished school and started to study medicine in Genoa. He made contact with the Republicans of Mazzini and started to write for "Il Dovere" (The Duty). In 1867 he returned to Castrogiovanni due to the death of his father, but immediately left to join Garibaldi again in his new campaign to capture Rome. He arrived too late when the Battle of Mentana – in which Garibaldi was defeated by Papal troops and a French auxiliary force – had already ended.

paragraph: He took up his study in medicine again, this time in Naples. On February 26, 1869, he was arrested for taking part in a Republican conspiracy. He remained in prison until November 17, when an amnesty was declared because of the birth of the future king of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Towards positivist and evolutionary socialism.

paragraph: After graduating in Medicine in 1871, he enrolled as a physician on a ship to South America before returning to Italy to devote himself to the study of sociology and continue his political activities. He returned to his home town, Castrogiovanni, where he practiced medicine and managed some sulfur mines owned by his mother.

paragraph: In 1875, Colajanni was among the participants at the Republican Congress in Rome to revive the movement. He started to collaborate with the magazine "La rivista repubblicana" of Arcangelo Ghisleri, which put him in contact with the exponents of republicanism and socialism in Milan. Through these democratic groups Colajanni came into contact with the positivist theories, and personalities such as Filippo Turati and Leonida Bissolati. Colajanni became one of the protagonists of the Italian positivist and evolutionary socialism, inspired by Darwinian evolution.

paragraph: With his book "Il socialismo", published in 1884 in Catania, he became one of the first theoreticians of the Italian workers movement. His socialism was not based on the scientific Marxist approach, but was closer to the ideology of Mazzini – one of the fathers of Italian unification – with some influence of French utopian thinkers such as Georges Sorel, and in terms of practical politics resulted in a kind of radical-democratic reformism.

paragraph: In 1892 he was appointed Professor of Statistics at the University of Palermo. Since 1896 he directed the "Rivista popolare", by means of which he strove to improve the moral and intellectual standard of the masses and combated all forms of intolerance and hypocrisy.

paragraph: Section::::Criminal sociology.

paragraph: He published many books and essays on social and political problems, and exposed the unscientific theories of Cesare Lombroso and his "Scuola positiva" (Positive school) and Enrico Ferri on criminology. Colajanni was particularly critical of Lombroso's biological determinism – in particular the alleged inferiority of southern Italians – and he put a much greater emphasis on social conditions as a cause of offending. Lombroso and his disciples, however, remained dominant in Italy.

paragraph: Colajanni was the first to publish a book with criminal sociology in the title. He belonged to the "Terza scuola" (Third School) and argued that in order to curtail the level of crime in a society there should be a certain level of security with regard to sustainable living conditions, economic stability and a more equal welfare distribution.

paragraph: After the publication of his two-volume study "La sociologia criminale" in 1889, in which he emphasized the social factors on criminal behaviour, he was virulently attacked by Lombroso and his disciples. The work received a moderately positive response from the scientific community both in Italy and abroad. Lombroso, however, did not allow any criticism by rival scientists and his alleged scientific supremacy. He unleashed a smear campaign and scientific crusade against Colajanni while blocking access to academic journals to prevent Colajanni's replies.

paragraph: In his essay "Per la razza maledetta" (For the cursed race, published in 1898) Colajanni ridiculed the anthropometrical categories of the Lombrosian school and deconstructed their cultural stereotypes. He argued that the high rates of criminality in Southern Italy – the so-called evidence of Southern racial inferiority – could simply be explained by social conditions and levels of education. He opposed the notion of racial superiority as an ideological tool to legitimise dominance and exploitation, which would lead to the destruction of other races instead of its alleged progressive transformation. In a later work, "Latini e anglo-sassoni: Razze superiori e razze inferiori" (Latins and Anglo-Saxons. Inferior and superior races, published in 1903), he expanded his critique on the concept of superior and inferior civilisations to the Anglo-Saxon nations.

paragraph: Section::::Political activities.

paragraph: In 1879 Colajanni had been appointed as a municipal councillor in Castrogiovanni. In 1882 he was a candidate in the general election in the constituency of Caltanissetta, and while not elected he obtained a significant following. Although poor health forced him to stay at Castrogiovanni, he continued to write political articles in periodicals of democratic orientation.

paragraph: In 1890 he was elected in the national Italian Chamber of Deputies in the district of Caltanissetta for the first time. He was re-elected in all subsequent parliaments until his death in September 1921. In Parliament he sat as a Republican and showed socialist tendencies, becoming one of the "de facto" leaders of the Republicans in Parliament. He sponsored initiatives such as the parliamentary inquiry on Eritrea (1891) and the Banca Romana scandal (1892).

paragraph: He argued against the incipient colonial policy of the moderate Left. Anti-colonialism was one of his favourite themes. In his book "Politica coloniale" (Colonial policy), written in 1891, Colajanni rejected the colonial adventure in Eritrea. The poor agricultural conditions made the country inappropriate for impoverished southern Italian populace and completely inadequate to serve as a market for the emerging Italian industry.

paragraph: Colajanni played an important role in the Banca Romana scandal. A suppressed report about the sorry financial state of the bank was leaked to Colajanni, who divulged its contents to parliament. On December 20, 1892, Colajanni read out long extracts in Parliament and Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti was forced to appoint an expert commission to investigate the bank. The resulting inquiry caused the fall of the government of Giolitti in November 1893.

paragraph: Section::::Fasci Siciliani.

paragraph: Though never a member of the Socialist Party, Colajanni was Sicily's leading political radical. He supported the Fasci Siciliani a popular movement of democratic and socialist inspiration, which arose in Sicily in the years between 1891 and 1893. The demands of the movement were fair land rents, higher wages, lower local taxes and distribution of misappropriated common land. He took the Fasci under his political protection, defending them in parliament and in the press.

paragraph: Francesco Crispi, who took over after the fall of Giolitti in December 1893, promised important measures of land reform for the near future. Crispi was not blind to the misery and the need for social reform. Before 1891 he had been the patron of the Sicilian working-class and many of their associations had been named after him. Crispi's good intentions were soon drowned in the clamour for strong measures. In the three weeks of uncertainty before the government was formed, the rapid spread of violence drove many local authorities to disregard Giolitti's ban on the use of firearms. In December 1893 many peasants lost their lives in clashes with the police and army.

paragraph: In order to stem the turmoil, Crispi offered Colajanni the Ministry of Agriculture, which he refused. When riots on the island got out of hand, Crispi asked Colajanni to undertake a mission of appeasement on Sicily. On January 3, 1894, only four days after Crispi had promised Colajanni there would be no state of siege, martial law was declared in the island. General Roberto Morra di Lavriano was dispatched with 40,000 troops to restore order. Colajanni condemned the Fasci leaders for lacking to keep the peace. After conferring with general Morra he issued a manifesto in which he urged the people to restore order. He argued that the government was engaged in bettering the working conditions and deserved their confidence, at least for a while. People breaking the peace he called fools and traitors.

paragraph: Within a few days of the declaration of martial law and the violent suppression of the Fasci, Colajanni broke with Crispi and wrote the book "Gli avvenimenti di Sicilia e le loro cause" on the events in Sicily, which put the main blame on Crispi. The disorders were not the product of a revolutionary plot, but Crispi chose to believe otherwise. On the basis of dubious documents and reports, Crispi claimed that there was an organised conspiracy to separate Sicily from Italy; the leaders of the Fasci conspired with the clerics and were financed by French gold, and war and invasion were looming.

paragraph: Disillusioned by the spread of violence in Sicily, to which he believed the Socialist party's discourse of class struggle had contributed, Colajanni reverted in 1894 to his original republicanism. On April 12, 1895, he took part in the founding congress of the Italian Republican Party (Partito Repubblicano Italiano).

paragraph: Section::::Against the Mafia.

paragraph: A recurring theme of his political engagement was the struggle to overcome the economic contrast between North and South of Italy, through a reform of society, but also of the state through federalism. His contribution the socio-political definition of the Southern question was substantial, in particular with the volumes "Settentrionali e meridionali" (Northern and southern, published in 1898) and "Nel regno della mafia" (In the realm of the Mafia, published in 1900).

paragraph: Colajanni identified the root of the backwardness of Sicily in power groups of landowners of the rural estates and the Mafia, which were closely connected to each other and in a close relationship with public administration on the island. This connection was well established had become normal practice from 1876 onwards. The only hope to change the situation lay in an autonomist-federalist reform of the state.

paragraph: In 1900, Colajanni wrote a j’accuse directed at the magistracy, the police, and the government in relation to the trial about the 1893 murder of Emanuele Notarbartolo, the ex-mayor of Palermo and ex-governor of the Bank of Sicily. Notarbartolo had been killed on the instruction of Raffaele Palizzolo, a member of parliament and a director of the Bank of Sicily, in revenge for exposing a swindle using the bank's money. Palizzolo was allegedly involved with the Sicilian Mafia.

paragraph: The Italian government, Colajanni wrote, has done everything to consolidate the Mafia and render it omnipotent. “To fight and destroy the reign of the Mafia, it is necessary that the Italian government ceases to be the king of the Mafia,” he said in his book "Nel regno della mafia". The government, he said, needed to clean up Sicily and institute a fair and practical administration.

paragraph: Section::::Anti-Marxism.

paragraph: Colajanni continued to reject the ideological underpinnings of classical Marxism, which he considered to be a contradiction to democracy. He remained a social-Darwinist throughout his life, convinced that socialism would be a product of a natural process of evolution and social selection.

paragraph: He did not consider himself a materialist: the social question was not only an economic issue but also an ethical one. He rejected the concept of class struggle. He did not deny that there was a struggle, but he saw it as the first stage of evolution, which was not be encouraged, but passed in favour of a greater spread of altruism. A position that proved irreconcilable with Marxism, which led him to adhere to the newborn Republican Party. He also opposed revolutionary syndicalism and severely criticized the general strike of 1904.

paragraph: He opposed the Italian invasion of Libya in 1912, but at the outbreak of the First World War, despite his anti-militarist ideas, he became an ardent supporter of the interventionist camp on the side of the Triple Entente. He launched a vigorous campaign against Avanti, the organ of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), when Benito Mussolini was removed as chief editor, and openly criticized the PSI for what he considered Bolshevik sympathies.

paragraph: He strongly opposed the communists that had left the socialist party in January 1921, and felt certain sympathy for fascism in its initial phase. Like many other intellectuals and politicians of all persuasions, he saw fascism as an extreme defence against the dangers of Bolshevism, but condemned its recourse to violence. In August 1921 he applauded the agreement between socialists and fascists to put an end to the civil war. His death on 2 September 1921, saved him from, with the benefit of hindsight, an embarrassing adhesion of fascism.

paragraph: Section::::Main books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Il socialismo e sociologia criminale". (Catania: Tropea, 1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La sociologia criminale". (Catania: Tropea, 1889)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gli avvenimenti di Sicilia e le loro cause". (Palermo: Remo Sandron, 1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Settentrionali e meridionali: Agli Italiani del Mezzogiorno" (Milano/Palermo/Roma: Sandron/Rivista popolare, 1898)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nel regno della mafia, dai Borboni ai Sabaudi". (Palermo: Remo Sandron, 1900)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Latini e anglo-sassoni: Razze superiori e razze inferiori". (Roma: Rivista Popolare, 1903)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colajanni, Napoleone & Marcello Donativi (1900/2009). "Nel regno della mafia", Brindisi: Edizioni Trabant,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emsley, Clive (2007). "Crime, police, and penal policy: European experiences 1750-1940", Oxford University Press,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fentress, James (2000). "Rebels & Mafiosi: Death in a Sicilian Landscape", New York: Cornell University Press,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gregor, Anthony James (1979). "Young Mussolini and the intellectual origins of fascism", Berkeley: University of California Press,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiller, Jonathan R. (2009). ""Bodies that Tell": Physiognomy, Criminology, Race and Gender in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century Italian Literature and Opera", dissertation at the University of California

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hurwitz, Stephan & Karl O. Christiansen (1983). "Criminology", George Allen & Unwin,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Huysseune, Michel (2006). "Modernity and Secession: The Social Sciences and the Political Discourse of the Lega Nord in Italy", New York/Oxford: Berghahn Books,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seton-Watson, Christopher (1967). "Italy from liberalism to fascism, 1870-1925", New York: Taylor & Francis, 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Van Swaaningen, René (1997). "Critical Criminology: Visions from Europe", London: SAGE Publications,

description: Italian criminologist

wikidata_label: Napoleone Colajanni

wikipedia_title: Napoleone Colajanni


text:
Guerrilla Gardener
New York City
Independence, Missouri
U.S. Army
University of Missouri
California
South Dakota
York, Pennsylvania
New York City
Forsyth Street
Lower East Side
Manhattan
urban decay
counter-revolutionary
Central Park
topsoil
Central Park
The Villager
Australia
New South Wales
Kurrajong Heights
Sydney
Haight-Ashbury
San Francisco, California
low-income housing
The Storefront for Art and Architecture
George Bliss
StoryCorps
short film
Williamsburg Bridge
Max Cantor
Rivington School

categories: People deported from Australia,2015 deaths,Disease-related deaths in New York (state),Guerrilla gardening,Writers from Independence, Missouri,1930 births,Emporia State University alumni,American sex offenders

paragraph: Adam Purple

paragraph: Adam Purple (born David Lloyd Wilkie; November 10, 1930 – September 14, 2015) was an activist and urban Edenist or "Guerrilla Gardener" famous in New York City for his "Garden of Eden". His birth name was David Lloyd Wilkie, although he went by many others, including "Rev. Les Ego".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Independence, Missouri, to Richard and Juanita Wilkie as the middle child of seven, his father was a machinist, carpenter and blacksmith while Juanita was a seamstress, gardener and bookkeeper. In 1945, Richard was trying to put out a fire when he was electrocuted and died.

paragraph: Adam served in the U.S. Army and graduated with a master's degree in journalism from the University of Missouri. He taught at high schools and junior colleges in California and South Dakota. Making his way east, he was a reporter for "The York Gazette and Daily" in York, Pennsylvania, eventually ending up in New York City in 1968.

paragraph: Section::::The Garden of Eden.

paragraph: Purple's "Garden of Eden", built by him single-handedly over five years starting in 1975, was a well-known open, community garden on Forsyth Street in the Lower East Side of Manhattan. The garden began when the city and the neighborhood were blighted with urban decay. A building was razed in 1973 on Eldridge Street behind Purple’s apartment, and he decided to plant something with his companion, Eve.

paragraph: The process of clearing the lot took some time since the couple would only use hand tools. Modern machinery was considered "counter-revolutionary." He would haul manure from the horse-drawn carriages around Central Park and created a highly fertile topsoil. The garden was ready to be planted in the spring of 1975. The garden was designed around concentric circles with a yin-yang symbol in the center. As buildings were torn down on either side, Purple would add new rings to the garden, allowing it to grow. By the end, it was 15,000 square feet featuring a wide range of produce, including corn, cucumbers, cherry tomatoes, asparagus, black raspberries, strawberries, and 45 trees including eight black walnuts. He regularly bicycled to Central Park to collect horse manure to use as fertilizer.

paragraph: Section::::Family and move to Australia.

paragraph: He had at least four biological children and two stepchildren. By his first wife, Ann, he had two daughters, Jenean and Lenore. His second wife, Romola, had two daughters, Dorothy and Diane. A later partner, known as "Eve", gave birth to a girl, Nova Dawn. He also had a son by a later partner, according to accounts of his life published in two parts in "The Villager" (NYC) in January 2016, which contain quotes from the eldest four girls about their lives with Purple, and his sexual abuse of all of them in Australia.

paragraph: In 1964, Wilkie and his wife, Romola, and their "blended family" of four girls emigrated to Australia, by boat. They traveled on the "Orsova", docking in New South Wales after a three-month voyage. Wilkie worked as a teacher of English and literature. The family lived in Kurrajong Heights, near Sydney. Wilkie was convicted of child molestation and deported in the late 1960s or early 1970s, winding up in the Haight-Ashbury area of San Francisco, California.

paragraph: Section::::New York City.

paragraph: In the early 1980s, the city planned to create low-income housing, but there was opposition from neighborhood activists and supporters. The Storefront for Art and Architecture created a group exhibition in 1984 to present alternative designs that would encompass the Garden of Eden into the public housing initiative. The initiative was unsuccessful. In 1985, Judge Vincent L. Broderick of Federal District Court ruled that the demolition could take place. The garden was demolished on January 8, 1986. Its destruction took just 75 minutes under the large rubber tires of a scoop-equipped highway construction vehicle.

paragraph: After Purple's "Garden of Eden" was destroyed, his friend, artist George Bliss, painted trails of purple footprints around the Lower East Side leading to the garden's former location. He is one of fifty subjects featured in "Harvey Wang's New York", a book of photographs and brief biographies of notable or colorful New Yorkers. He was interviewed by Amy Brost in 2006 for StoryCorps and, with the help of Harvey Wang, created a short film.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Purple died on September 14, 2015, from a heart attack, aged 84, while bicycling across the Williamsburg Bridge.

paragraph: Section::::"Mr. Purple" Controversy.

paragraph: Mr. Purple, a rooftop bar in the Lower East Side’s Hotel Indigo, cites the activist as the inspiration for its name. The bar, an upscale haunt located on the hotel’s 15th floor, boasts expansive skyline views and a high-end, chic atmosphere coupled with an equally high-end menu. In the 14th floor lobby, a mural by former FUN Gallery artist Lee Quiñones features a snapshot of Adam Purple, as well as other pictures capturing the Lower East Side’s formerly thriving punk-beat art and music scene.

paragraph: The bar’s opening in 2015 has sparked outrage among the late activist’s friends and followers, who say that the restaurant represents a contradiction to almost everything that the real Mr. Purple believed in and fought for. The aforementioned photographer Harvey Wang, whose snapshot of Purple was featured in the mural without his permission, said,

paragraph: “the hotel owners seem to be profiting from Adam’s legacy without giving back. I would like to see them apologize[…]If they understood anything at all about what Adam stood for, they would grow and distribute free food, open their doors to the homeless, give away all profits, and generate no waste.”

paragraph: Perhaps the most directly insulting to the activist is the inclusion of the “Mr. Purple Burger” on the bar’s menu, despite the fact that the actual Mr. Purple was a vegan.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Cantor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rivington School

description: American activist

wikidata_label: Adam Purple

wikipedia_title: Adam Purple


text:
Albanian
Albanian League of Writers and Artists
Leningrad
Soviet Union
poetry
Albanian League of Writers and Artists
Bektashi
Devoll District
Gjirokastër
University of Leningrad
Zëri i Popullit
Albanian Parliament
Splendour and fall of comrade Zylo
apparatchik
Daniel Defoe
Nikolay Gogol
Revizor
Franz Kafka
Milan Kundera
Zert
Hosteni
The noise of winds of the past
Soviet revisionism
Maoist
Albanian
pulmonary disease
Tirana
Socialist Party of Albania
Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë
Albanian
Tirana
Robert Elsie
Shefki Hysa
Tirana
Tirana
Poetry by Dritëro Agolli

categories: Albanian atheists,Bektashi Order,20th-century Albanian poets,1931 births,Albanian former Muslims,2017 deaths,People from Devoll,21st-century Albanian poets,Albanian novelists,20th-century Albanian politicians

paragraph: Dritëro Agolli

paragraph: Dritëro Agolli (13 October 1931 – 3 February 2017) was an Albanian poet, writer, politician, and former president of the Albanian League of Writers and Artists. He studied in Leningrad in the Soviet Union and wrote primarily poetry, but also short stories, essays, plays, and novels. He was head of the Albanian League of Writers and Artists from 1973 until 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Agolli was born to a Bektashi peasant family in Menkulas in the Devoll District near PMS and finished high school in Gjirokastër in 1952. He later continued his studies at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Leningrad and took up journalism upon his return to Albania, working for the daily newspaper Zëri i Popullit () for fifteen years. Agolli was also a deputy in the Albanian Parliament. He died from emphysema, aged 85.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Beginnings as a poet.

paragraph: Agolli first attained success as a poet. His early verse collections "I went out on the street" (, Tirana 1958), My steps on the pavement (, Tirana 1961), and Mountain paths and sidewalks (, Tirana 1965), introduced him to the reading public as a sincere and gifted lyric poet of the soil who already demonstrated masterful verse technique. An attachment to his roots came to form the basis of his poetic credo.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Prose attempts.

paragraph: As a prose writer, Agolli first made a name for himself with the novel Commissar Memo (, Tirana 1970), translated in English as "The bronze bust", Tirana 1975 originally conceived as a short story.

paragraph: Agolli's second novel, The man with the cannon (, Tirana 1975) translated into English in 1983, takes up the partisan theme from a different angle and with a somewhat more subtle approach.

paragraph: After these two novels of partisan heroism, Agolli produced also some interesting work, his satirical Splendour and fall of comrade Zylo (, Tirana 1973), which has proved to be his claim to fame. Comrade Zylo is the epitome of the well-meaning but incompetent apparatchik, a director of an obscure government cultural affairs department. His pathetic vanity, his quixotic fervour, his grotesque public behaviour, in short his splendour and fall, are all recorded in ironic detail by his hard-working and more astute subordinate and friend Demkë who serves as a neutral observer. Comrade Zylo is a universal figure, a character to be found in any society or age, and critics have been quick to draw parallels ranging from Daniel Defoe and Nikolay Gogol’s Revizor to Franz Kafka and Milan Kundera's Zert. But it is doubtless the Eastern European reader who will best appreciate all the subtleties of the novel. Splendour and fall of comrade Zylo first appeared in 1972 in the Tirana satirical journal Hosteni () and was published the following year in a monograph form.

paragraph: All in all, Agolli’s strength in prose lies in the short story rather than in the novel. Sixteen of his short stories were published in English in the volume: Short stories, Tirana 1985.

paragraph: One early collection of tales, the 213-page The noise of winds of the past (, Tirana 1964), had the distinction of being banned and ‘turned into cardboard.’ The author was accused of Soviet revisionism at a time when the party had called for more Maoist revolutionary concepts in literature and greater devotion to the working masses.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Prolific through the 1990s.

paragraph: Dritëro Agolli has been a prolific writer throughout the 1990s, a rare voice of humanity and sincerity in Albanian letters.

paragraph: He has been exceptionally productive in recent years, with numerous well-received verse collections: The time beggar (, Tirana 1995), The spirit of our forefathers (, Tirana 1996), The strange man approaches (, Tirana 1996), Ballad for my father and myself (, Tirana 1997), Midnight notebook (, Tirana 1998), and The distant bell (, Tirana 1998). Among recent volumes of prose are: the short story collection Insane people (, Tirana 1995); The naked horseman (, Tirana 1996), and The devil's box (, Tirana 1997).

paragraph: Agolli, who was a heavy smoker all his adult life, died from pulmonary disease on 3 February 2017 in Tirana at the age of 85.

paragraph: Section::::Writing style.

paragraph: Agolli delights in earthy rhymes and unusual figures of speech. His fresh, clear and direct verse, coloured with the warm foaming milk of brown cows in the agricultural co-operatives, with ears of ripening corn in the Devoll valley and with the dark furrows of tilled soil, has lost none of the bucolic focus which remained the poet's strength, and one which he cultivates consciously.

paragraph: Over the years, Agolli has advanced and managed to remain true to himself and to his readers despite the vicissitudes of public life. In the volume The belated pilgrim (, Tirana 1993), his first book ever written without an eye to the invisible censor, we encounter a new chapter: not only in the life of the poet, but also in the struggle of his people for survival. Agolli confesses in a postscript: "For poets of my generation, an age of disappointments and dilemmas has dawned, an age in which to re-evaluate what we produced, without forgetting or denying those fair and humane values we brought forth. But the fortress of ideas and ideals which we believed in, some of us completely, others partially, has all but collapsed, and in its walls burn the fires of our dreams. Those fires have awakened a different type of verse..."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and impact on Albanian literature.

paragraph: Though Agolli was a leading figure in the communist nomenklatura, he remained a highly respected pillar of public and literary life after the fall of the dictatorship, and is still one of the most widely read authors in Albania. In the early 1990s, he was active for several years as a member of parliament for the Socialist Party of Albania. He also founded his own "Dritëro Publishing Company" by means of which he has been able to publish many new volumes of prose and poetry, and make a major impact on literary and intellectual life in the country.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë (2008) (in Albanian), Fjalor Enciklopedik Shqiptar (Albanian encyclopedia), Tirana,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Elsie, "Historical Dictionary of Albania, New Edition", 2004,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shefki Hysa, "The Diplomacy of self-denial" (Diplomacia e vetëmohimit), publicistic, Tirana, 2008,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Namik Selmani, "Salute from Chameria" publicistic, (2009), Tirana,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poetry by Dritëro Agolli

description: Poet, writer, politician

wikidata_label: Dritëro Agolli

wikipedia_title: Dritëro Agolli


text:
Chinese
Wade-Giles
Pinyin
Japanese
Chán
Zen
Buddhist
China
Tang Dynasty
Mazu Daoyi
The Gateless Gate
Blue Cliff Record
Book of Equanimity
Zhàozhōu Cōngshěn
Paul Reps

paragraph: Nanquan Puyuan

paragraph: Nanquan Puyuan (Chinese: 南泉普願; Wade-Giles: Nan-ch’üan P’u-yüan; Pinyin: Nánquán Pǔyuàn; Japanese: Nansen Fugan) (c. 749 – c. 835) was a Chán (Zen) Buddhist master in China during the Tang Dynasty. He was the student and Dharma successor of the Master Mazu Daoyi (709-788).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In the year 795, after his enlightenment experience under Mǎzŭ, he settled in a self-made hut on Mount Nanquan, from which his dharma name is derived, and lived there in eremitic solitude for three decades. In time, monks persuaded him to come down the mountain and found a monastery; from that time forward, he always had hundreds of students.

paragraph: Section::::Appearance in koans.

paragraph: Nanquan appears in several koans:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4 koans in The Gateless Gate (#14, #19, #27, #34),

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 koans in the Blue Cliff Record (#28, #31, #40, #63, #64, #69), and

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3 koans in The Book of Equanimity (#9, #69, #91).

paragraph: Two koans from the Blue Cliff Record (#28 & #69) depict Nanquan as an advanced student interacting with fellow students of Mǎzŭ, and the others depict him as a teacher in his own right.

paragraph: A well-known koan is case #14 of the Gateless Gate, "Nansen kills the cat":

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: Nánquán had seventeen Dharma successors, the most famous of whom was Zhàozhōu Cōngshěn (778-897). Case #19 of the Gateless Gate recounts an interaction between Nánquán and Zhàozhōu that led to the latter having a profound realization; some translators/editors, for example Paul Reps, interpret this as Zhàozhōu’s enlightenment moment.

description: Chinese Buddhist master

wikidata_label: Nanquan Puyuan

wikipedia_title: Nanquan Puyuan


text: Staszow

text: Radom, Poland

text: Catholic

text: Polish communism

text: People’s Republic of Poland (PRP)

text: June 1976 protests

text: Lech Kaczyński

text: Servant of God

text: Szydłowiec

text: Żarnów

text: Koprzywnica

text: Mirzec

text: Kunów

text: Nowa Słupia

text: Radom

text: Służba Bezpieczeństwa

text: PRP's

text: Secret Police

text: June 1976 protests

text: sermon

text: communist

text: Służba Bezpieczeństwa

text: Cross of Merit with Swords

text: Lech Kaczyński

text: Order of Polonia Restituta

text: Agora SA

categories: Szydłowiec,Polish Roman Catholic priests,Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta,1928 births,Polish democracy activists,Polish human rights activists,1976 deaths,People from Staszów County,Polish Servants of God

paragraph: Roman Kotlarz

paragraph: "This article is based on a translation of by and others."

paragraph: Roman Kotlarz (born 17 October 1928 in Koniemłoty near Staszow, died. 18 August 1976 in Radom, Poland) was a Polish Catholic priest and an activist of the democratic opposition in the days of Polish communism and the People’s Republic of Poland (PRP). During the June 1976 protests in Poland he gave a blessing and support to the striking workers and protesters. He was beaten severely by police on several occasions. He died under mysterious circumstances later that year. He was honored posthumously by many leaders including president Lech Kaczyński. He has also been given the Servant of God designation.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Koniemłoty near Staszów, as the youngest of six children to Szczepan and Waleria. After finishing elementary school he attended high school in Staszów. After graduating he entered the seminary. He was ordained May 30, 1954. He was vicar in the parishes of: Szydłowiec, Żarnów, Koprzywnica, Mirzec, Kunów and Nowa Słupia. From 26 August 1961 he was the pastor of the parish Lady of Czestochowa in Pelagowie near Radom.

paragraph: He was under constant observation of the surveillance officers and secret collaborators of Służba Bezpieczeństwa, the PRP's Secret Police.

paragraph: During the June 1976 protests he supported the strikers at Metal Works "Bowman" in Radom. He was also at the Holy Trinity Church in Radom blessing protesting workers during demonstrations. After the brutal suppression of the protesters by the troops he prayed together with the faithful for the beaten, arrested and fired workers. In his sermons he demanded respect for the human being, and denounced falsehood and injustice.

paragraph: He was subjected to repression by the communist authorities. On several occasions, was brutally beaten by officers of the Służba Bezpieczeństwa. According to Jan Jozef Lipski, a cleaning woman found him beaten unconscious in his own apartment. She told the Regional Psychiatric Hospital Health Care in Krychnowice, but he was declared dead on arrival.

paragraph: The communist authorities banned the priest from being buried in the cemetery of Radom. His funeral, held on 20 August 1976, turned into a patriotic manifestation. He was buried in Koniemłoty.

paragraph: In 1990, the president of Poland in exile Ryszard Kaczorowski posthumously honored him with Cross of Merit with Swords for "sacrifice of life in the struggle with the Communists for an independent Poland."

paragraph: On 3 May 2009 he was posthumously awarded by President Lech Kaczyński's Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: In Polish

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nota biograficzna na stronie Katolickiej Agencji Informacyjn (Catholic Information Agency)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renata Metzger, "Ludzie chcą dzisiaj szacunku", portal gazeta.pl z 23 czerwca 2006 (Gazeta.pl portal, part of Agora SA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Szczepan Kowalik, "Tajemnica śmierci ks. Romana Kotlarza", opoka.org.pl website repost of "Mystery death of Fr. Roman Kotlarza" by Stephen Kowalik, from "Our Official" (http://www.naszdziennik.pl/) issue 47 (2760) on 24–25 February 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rafał Staszewski, "Męczennik z Koniemłotów", Tygodnik Katolicki Niedziela, Edycja sandomierska, 34/2006 (Catholic Weekly "Sunday" (Niedziela))

description: Polish priest and activist

wikidata_label: Roman Kotlarz

wikipedia_title: Roman Kotlarz


text:
pinch hitter
Major League Baseball
Washington Senators

categories: 1895 births,Minor league baseball managers,Baseball players from Alabama,People from Lamar County, Alabama,Washington Senators (1901–60) players,1967 deaths

paragraph: Jake Propst

paragraph: William Jacob Propst (March 10, 1895 – February 24, 1967) was a pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. He played for the Washington Senators.

description: Major League Baseball player

wikidata_label: Jake Propst

wikipedia_title: Jake Propst


text: Bruchsal

text: Germany

text: German

text: glass harmonica

text: smallpox

text: Muzio Clementi

text: Johann Gottlieb Naumann

text: Johann Friedrich Fasch

text: Johann Friedrich Reichardt

text: Franz Anton Hoffmeister

text: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

text: Vienna

text: Quintet

text: Speyer

text: clavier

text: Kapellmeister

text: Karlsruhe

text: Prague

text: Dresden

text: Leipzig

text: Berlin

text: Hamburg

text: Magdeburg

text: Prussia

text: Friedrich Wilhelm II

text: Berlin

text: London

text: Hanover

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: Carlsbad

text: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

text: Switzerland

text: Radbruch

text: Odenheim

text: Tutzing

text: History

categories: Glass harmonica players,1808 deaths,1769 births,18th-century German people,German female musicians

paragraph: Marianne Kirchgessner

paragraph: Marianne Antonia Kirchgessner, also Mariana Kirchgessner, Kirchgäßner, (5 June 1769 in Bruchsal, Germany, - 9 December 1808), was a German glass harmonica player. She was blind from eye disease caused by smallpox when she was four years old. Kirchgessner's artistic qualities brought her the attention of great composers such as Muzio Clementi, Johann Gottlieb Naumann, Johann Friedrich Fasch, Johann Friedrich Reichardt and Franz Anton Hoffmeister.

paragraph: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in Vienna, in the last year of his life, composed for her—producing one of his best works for this instrument, the Quintet "Adagio and Rondo for glass harmonica, flute, oboe, viola and cello" in C major K. 617, as well as the "Adagio for glass harmonica solo" K. 356/617a.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: As the fifth daughter of Joseph Anton Kirchgäßner, a chamber paymaster from Speyer, and his wife Maria Teresa, née Waßmuthin, she began playing the clavier with great skill and expression at the age of 6. At 11 she commenced instruction on the glass harmonica with Kapellmeister Joseph Aloys Schimittbauer (1718–1809) in Karlsruhe, which lasted ten years. In the spring of 1791 she went on her first tour in the company of music journalist and biographer Heinrich Philipp Bossler (1744–1812) and his wife.

paragraph: After that, she traveled throughout Europe for ten years, visiting Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin, Hamburg, and Magdeburg. She played four times at the Prussian court for King Friedrich Wilhelm II in Berlin. During her two-year stay in London between 1794–1796, the German-born mechanic Fröschela built a new instrument for her. She used that instrument on all her subsequent tours.

paragraph: She continued touring and giving concerts in Hanover, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Leipzig, Berlin—and in Carlsbad, where she met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in the summer of 1808. A concert tour in the cold winter of that year was Marianne's first and last visit to Switzerland. She caught a cold on a journey from Radbruch to Odenheim, and then on to Schaffhausen. She died of fever due to lung inflammation in the early hours of 9 December 1808.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruno Hoffmann: "Ein Leben für die Glasharfe", Niederland-Verlag, Backnang 1983,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hermann Josef Ullrich: "Die blinde Glasharmonikavirtuosin Marianne Kirchgeßner und Wien. Eine Künstlerin der empfindsamen Zeit", Verlag Hans Schneider, Tutzing 1971

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article contains information translated from the corresponding article of the German Wikipedia. A list of contributors can be found there at the" History "section".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- has original text related to this article: .

description: Glass harmonica player

wikidata_label: Marianne Kirchgessner

wikipedia_title: Marianne Kirchgessner


text:
Jacksonville, Florida
Ocala, Florida
character actress
singer
Maxwell House
Katherine Dunham Company
Australia
New Zealand
basso profondo
Dunham
Eva Jessye
contralto
Langston Hughes
costarred
Jericho-Jim Crow
stroke
Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen
Tambourines to Glory
Porgy and Bess
Lew Leslie
Roll, Sweet Chariot
Run, Little Chillun
Bal Nègre

categories: 20th-century American actresses,Actresses from Jacksonville, Florida,1997 deaths,1902 births,American stage actresses,20th-century American singers

paragraph: Rosalie King

paragraph: Rosalie King (born Rosa Lea Frances Stephens, August 23, 1902, Jacksonville, Florida – died June 11, 1997, Ocala, Florida), also known as Rosalie Simpson, was an American character actress and singer.

paragraph: She appeared on radio in The Maxwell House Coffee Hour. She was an original member of the Katherine Dunham Company, leaving because of the troupe's proposed tour of Australia and New Zealand (1956 – 1957), citing the distance from her children. The decision also cost the company the services of her husband, basso profondo Gordon Simpson, for which she later said that Dunham never fully forgave her. She also performed with the Eva Jessye Choir.

paragraph: King was known for the timbre of her contralto voice. She became a favourite of playwright Langston Hughes, who wrote original material for her. She costarred in his play "Jericho-Jim Crow" in 1964.

paragraph: King’s career was cut short by a stroke in the mid-1960s. She recovered from it but retired from the stage, doing only occasional performances and consultancies in the 1970s and 1980s. In her later years, King was credited as Rosalie Simpson, her married name from her second marriage. Her stage credits are sometimes confused with those of her daughter, Rosalie King, Jr., a child actor turned educator. Rosalie King died in Ocala, Florida in 1997.

paragraph: Section::::Selected Broadway credits.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen" - 1971 - Okinawan/American

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tambourines to Glory" - 1963 - Mattie Morningside

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Porgy and Bess" – original and 1942 revival

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lew Leslie's Blackbirds of 1939"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roll, Sweet Chariot" - 1934

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Run, Little Chillun" - 1933 - Sister Mahalie Ockletree

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bal Nègre - 1946: "Flaming Youth, 1927" - The Blues Singer

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Rosalie King

wikipedia_title: Rosalie King


text:
Phrygia
vicarius
Africa
Emperor
Maxentius
Rome
Zosimus
Galerius
Maximian
Sardinia
CIL
Constantine I
praetorian prefect
Rufius Volusianus
Barnes, Timothy D.
Chastagnol, André
De imperatoribus Romanis

categories: Domitii,4th-century executions,People executed by strangulation,Executed Roman emperors,4th-century murdered monarchs,3rd-century births,311 deaths,4th-century Roman usurpers,People executed by the Roman Empire

paragraph: Domitius Alexander

paragraph: Lucius Domitius Alexander (died c. 311), probably born in Phrygia, was vicarius of Africa when Emperor Maxentius ordered him to send his son as hostage to Rome. Alexander refused and proclaimed himself emperor in 308.

paragraph: The most detailed if somewhat confusing description of the insurrection is given by Zosimus (II, 12 and 14). He reports that Maxentius sent his portrait to Africa to gain recognition as Emperor there. The troops resisted because of their loyalty to Galerius. Maxentius ordered Domitius Alexander, the vicar of Africa, to send his son to Rome to secure his loyalty. Alexander refused and was crowned Emperor by his army. The incident was probably caused by the conflict between Maxentius and his father Maximian early in 308, and Zosimos confused Galerius with Maximian in his account.

paragraph: Apart from the provinces in north Africa (today's Algeria, Tunisia and western Libya), Domitius Alexander also controlled Sardinia. At the time of his accession, he was already at an advanced age. There is evidence in an inscription (CIL viii, 22183) that Alexander and Constantine I allied themselves in opposition to Maxentius. Salama suggests that, at the latest, the pact was entered into by autumn of 310.

paragraph: Maxentius sent his praetorian prefect Rufius Volusianus and a certain Zenas to quell the rebellion, and Alexander was taken prisoner and then executed by strangulation. Apparently, his troops did not offer much resistance. Maxentius retaliated with confiscations of the property of alleged supporters of Alexander. The year of the end of Alexander's reign is subject to debate; dates ranging from 309 to 311 have been proposed.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barnes, Timothy D., "The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine", Cambridge (Mass.) 1981, p. 14f.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chastagnol, André, "Les Fastes de la Préfecture de Rome au Bas-Empire", Paris 1962, p. 54ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paschoud, Francois (ed.), "Zosime: Histoire Nouvelle", Paris 2000, p. 213ff.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- De imperatoribus Romanis on Alexander, including bibliography.

description: Usurper of the Roman Empire

wikidata_label: Domitius Alexander

wikipedia_title: Domitius Alexander


text:
contralto
mezzo-soprano
Opéra de Paris
Royal Opera House
Teatro Colón
Opéra de Monte-Carlo
Ponchielli
I Mori di Valenza
Guîtres
Stabat Mater
Paris Conservatory
La favorite
Meyerbeer
Le prophète
The Record of Singing
Spiro Samara
André Messager
Béatrice
Pascual De Rogatis
Teatro Colón
Henry Février
Raoul Gunsbourg

categories: Operatic contraltos,20th-century deaths,French opera singers,1884 births,20th-century French singers

paragraph: Jacqueline Royer

paragraph: Jacqueline Royer (1884 – 19??) was a French opera singer who sang leading contralto and mezzo-soprano roles at the Opéra de Paris, London's Royal Opera House, the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, and the Opéra de Monte-Carlo. Active on the stage from 1904 until 1924, she created several roles in early 20th century operas, including Carmine in the posthumous premiere of Ponchielli's "I Mori di Valenza".

paragraph: Royer was born in Guîtres, the daughter of a music professor and conductor. She began singing as a child, appearing as the soloist in the performance of a "Stabat Mater" at the age of ten. She graduated from the Paris Conservatory in 1904 and was immediately engaged by the Paris Opera. She made her debut in November of that year as Léonore in Donizetti's "La favorite".

paragraph: Royer can be heard singing "O toi qui m'abandonne" from Meyerbeer's "Le prophète" on Volume 2 of "The Record of Singing".

paragraph: Section::::Roles created.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marquise de Prie in Spiro Samara's "Mademoiselle de Belle-Isle", Teatro Politeama Tivoli, Genoa, 9 November 1905

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carmine in Amilcare Ponchielli's "I Mori di Valenza", Théâtre du Casino, Monaco, 17 March 1914

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musidora in André Messager's "Béatrice", Théâtre du Casino, Monaco, 21 March 1914

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayabel in Pascual De Rogatis's "Huémac", Teatro Colón, Buenos Aires, 22 July 1916

paragraph: BULLET::::- Djamina (?) in Henry Février's "La damnation de Blanchefleur", Théâtre du Casino, Monaco, 13 March 1920

paragraph: BULLET::::- L'Archangel in Raoul Gunsbourg's "Satan", Théâtre du Casino, Monaco, 20 March 1920

wikidata_label: Jacqueline Royer

wikipedia_title: Jacqueline Royer


text:
England international
football
The Football Association
Benjamin Odeje
Archway, London
Arsenal
Leyton Orient
West Bromwich Albion
Johnny Giles
Cyrille Regis
Ron Atkinson
Brendon Batson
Clyde Best
Clive Charles
Ade Coker
West Ham United
Tottenham Hotspur
U.S. soul singing trio
England under-21s
Scotland
Bramall Lane
Len Cantello
cap
Wales
Home International
Real Madrid
Ron Greenwood
Euro 1980
1982 World Cup
Romania
1981 European Cup Final
Liverpool
UEFA Cup
1. FC Kaiserslautern
Johnny Metgod
Uli Stielike
Ron Atkinson
Manchester United
Sporting Gijón
Marseille
Leicester City
Rayo Vallecano
Charleroi
Wimbledon
1988 FA Cup Final
Primera Liga
Madrid
The Hawthorns
Nubian Jak Community Trust
blue plaque
Brisbane Road
English Heritage
Graham Ibbeson
Leyton Orient
West Bromwich
La Liga
1979–80
Copa del Rey
1979–80
1981–82
FA Cup
1987–88
Englandstats.com profile
Profile on football-england.com
Laurie's Legacy

categories: Leyton Orient F.C. players,English people of Jamaican descent,Wimbledon F.C. players,Sporting de Gijón players,England international footballers,Ligue 1 players,England under-21 international footballers,Association football wingers,Black English sportspeople,Leicester City F.C. players,1956 births,Expatriate footballers in Belgium,Olympique de Marseille players,People from Archway, London,1989 deaths,English expatriate footballers,Real Madrid CF players,England B international footballers,West Bromwich Albion F.C. players,La Liga players,Expatriate footballers in France,Expatriate footballers in Spain,Rayo Vallecano players,English footballers,Manchester United F.C. players,Road incident deaths in Spain,Belgian First Division A players

paragraph: Laurie Cunningham

paragraph: Laurence Paul Cunningham (8 March 1956 – 15 July 1989) was an England international footballer. Cunningham was the first Englishman to play football for Real Madrid.

paragraph: Cunningham was reported to be the first black player to represent England at any level (having played at under 21 level). However, in May 2013, The Football Association amended their records, so that now Benjamin Odeje holds this record, having represented England seven years earlier at schoolboy level.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Archway, London, he was the son of a former Jamaican race-horse jockey. Cunningham started in schoolboy football and was turned down by Arsenal before joining Leyton Orient in 1974. He joined West Bromwich Albion in 1977, where, under manager Johnny Giles, he teamed up with another black player, Cyrille Regis, and the following year (under Ron Atkinson) with Brendon Batson. This was the second time an English top-flight team simultaneously fielded three black players (the first being Clyde Best, Clive Charles and Ade Coker for West Ham United against Tottenham Hotspur in April 1972) and Atkinson collectively referred to Cunningham, Batson and Regis as "The Three Degrees" after the U.S. soul singing trio.

paragraph: West Bromwich Albion became one of the most attractive and exciting English sides in the late 1970s and Cunningham soon attracted attention. He became the second black player to wear an England shirt at any level in the England under-21s' friendly against Scotland at Bramall Lane on 27 April 1977, scoring on his debut.

paragraph: Whilst a West Bromwich Albion player he played in a benefit match for Len Cantello, that saw a team of white players play against a team of black players.

paragraph: He subsequently earned a full England cap, making his debut against Wales in a Home International in 1979. He was to win a total of six caps for England.

paragraph: In the summer of 1979, he made a historic move as the first British player to transfer to Real Madrid, who paid West Bromwich Albion a fee of £950,000. He scored twice on his debut and helped Real win the league and cup double. Despite this club success, Cunningham was overlooked by England manager Ron Greenwood for a place in the England squad for Euro 1980.

paragraph: Shrugging off this disappointment and back at Real Madrid, Cunningham began the 1980–81 season well, and was again called up for England (after bitter negotiations with Real Madrid) for the 1982 World Cup Qualifier against Norway, only to be an unused sub as England won 4–0. In the next qualifier against Romania, he came off the bench but was unable to help England avoid a 2–1 defeat. This was to be his last England cap. Back with Real Madrid, his early season form was good again scoring goals in the early rounds of the European Cup, but then he succumbed to injury, and required an operation on a broken toe.

paragraph: Cunningham recovered just in time for the 1981 European Cup Final against Liverpool in Paris, as Real Madrid lost 1–0, and though he was clearly not match fit, played the whole match (with some exciting bursts of play). During pre season training for the 1981–82 season, Cunningham's injury jinx continued, as a thigh injury kept him out of the majority of the season (only three goalless appearances in the league), his only real noteworthy contribution was in the UEFA Cup quarter final tie against 1. FC Kaiserslautern.

paragraph: In the first leg, Cunningham showed that he was not over the hill, with a goal and great performance in Real Madrid's 3–1 win. In the second leg, however, he was sent off shortly before half time for retaliation, as Kaiserslautern won 5–0 to inflict Real Madrid's worst ever result in European competition. Prior to this tie, a finally fit Cunningham had been summoned up for England duty again, but this would be the last time he made an England squad. Cunningham won a second Spanish Cup medal as he played in the final when Real Madrid beat Gijón 2–1, but it was a depressing campaign for him. For the next season, with Real Madrid signing Johnny Metgod to join Uli Stielike as the two permitted foreigners, Cunningham spent most of the 1982–83 season on the sidelines, until he reunited with Ron Atkinson at Manchester United on loan in April 1983. He left Real after the 1982–83 season, joining Sporting Gijón and subsequently Marseille.

paragraph: Cunningham only remained in France for one season in 1984–85, before heading back to England to join Leicester City, although he played only half a season due to further injury. At the end of the 1985–86 season, Cunningham went back to Spain to play for Rayo Vallecano in the second tier. He moved to Charleroi in Belgium for the 1987–88 campaign, but was yet again struck down by injury, and in the new year was back in England on a short term deal with Wimbledon, where he managed to help the Dons beat Liverpool in the 1988 FA Cup Final.

paragraph: After sharing in that glory, Cunningham again headed back to Spain and Rayo Vallecano for the 1988–89 season, enjoying an Indian summer and the season was topped off by scoring the goal that secured their promotion to the Primera Liga.

paragraph: Cunningham was killed in a car crash in Madrid on the morning of 15 July 1989, at the age of 33. He was survived by his Spanish wife and their son.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In November 2004, he was named as one of West Bromwich Albion's 16 greatest players, in a poll organised as part of the club's 125th anniversary celebrations. The club announced that Cunningham would feature in a mural of the former players to be displayed at The Hawthorns.

paragraph: In October 2013, the Nubian Jak Community Trust unveiled a blue plaque outside Brisbane Road. In September 2015, English Heritage erected a blue plaque on Cunningham's childhood home at 73 Lancaster Road, Stroud Green, London.

paragraph: In November 2017, a statue by Graham Ibbeson was unveiled in Coronation Gardens, Leyton, near Brisbane Road, paying tribute to Cunningham and his time at Leyton Orient. Another statue by Ibbeson was unveiled in West Bromwich town centre in May 2019. The work commemorates Cunningham's time at Albion alongside black teammates Brendon Batson and Cyrille Regis, with a spokesperson for the organisers commenting that "the three players opened the gates to allow black players into football at a time when they were locked out".

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Real Madrid.

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Liga: 1979–80

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa del Rey: 1979–80, 1981–82

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Wimbledon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- FA Cup: 1987–88

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bowler, D., & J. Bains (2000), "Samba in the Smethwick End: Regis, Cunningham, Batson and the Football Revolution".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Rees (2014), "The Three Degrees The Men Who Changed British Football Forever".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Englandstats.com profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on football-england.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laurie's Legacy, Waltham Forest Council – via YouTube.

description: English footballer (1956-1989)

wikidata_label: Laurie Cunningham

wikipedia_title: Laurie Cunningham


text: Gottschee Germa

text: Roman Catholic

text: priest

text: Kočevje

text: Novo Mesto

text: Koprivnik

text: Stari Log

text: Topla Reber

text: Gottscheer Kalender

text: Wilhelm Tschinkel

text: Gottscheerisch

categories: Carniolan people of German descent,1872 births,Slovenian theologians,People from the Municipality of Dolenjske Toplice,Slovenian Roman Catholic priests,1941 deaths

paragraph: August Schauer

paragraph: August Schauer (17 January 1872 – 1 July 1941) was a Gottschee German Roman Catholic priest and publisher.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: After graduating from the lower secondary school in Kočevje, Schauer attended the upper secondary school in Novo Mesto. He then studied theology in Ljubljana and was ordained a priest on 22 July 1897.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: Schauer celebrated his first mass in Kočevske Poljane on 8 August 1897. He was initially appointed as a curate in Koprivnik, and then transferred to Stari Log in 1899. Schauer then became the parish priest in Topla Reber in 1901. He became the parish priest of Koprivnik in 1906. Schauer served as the parish priest of Koprivnik for over 30 years. He was appointed a spiritual advisor in 1930. A celebration was held in Koprivnik on 10 January 1936 to mark his 30 years of service as parish priest. A celebration marking 40 years of his priesthood was held on 22 July 1937.

paragraph: Section::::Professional work.

paragraph: Schauer edited the "Gottscheer Kalender" (Gottschee Almanac) () from 1925 to 1941, following the editorships of Wilhelm Tschinkel (1921–1923) and Robert Braune (1924). In addition to promoting Catholicism, the almanac also cultivated local history studies and the Gottscheerisch dialect. Schauer was among the organizers of the celebration in August 1930 to commemorate 600 years of Gottschee German settlement, and he delivered a sermon at the event. Like most of his fellow Gottschee German clergy, Schauer was opposed to the mass resettlement of the Gottschee Germans during the Second World War.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Schauer died at the Leonišče Hospital in Ljubljana on 1 July 1941 and was buried in his native village of Kočevske Poljane.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gottscheer Kalender" vols. 6, 8–19 at the University of Regensburg library

description: Catholic priest

wikidata_label: August Schauer

wikipedia_title: August Schauer


text:
Ziegenhain
Nidda
Star League
Henry II
Herman II
Hesse
Charles IV
Pope Innocent VI
canon
Mainz
knight

categories: 14th-century births,14th-century German people,1394 deaths,Year of birth unknown,Counts of Ziegenhain

paragraph: Gottfried VIII, Count of Ziegenhain

paragraph: Gottfried VIII, Count of Ziegenhain (after 1350 – 1394) was a German nobleman. He was the ruling Count of Ziegenhain and Nidda from 1372 until his death. He is best known as the leader of the Star League, an alliance of local nobles against the Landgraves Henry II and Herman II of Hesse.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: He was the son of Count Gottfried VII (d. October 1372) and his wife Agnes of Falkenstein. His parents had married in 1349. No record exists of his birth, nor of an elder brother. He is, however, mentioned in a document dated 28 December 1355, in which Emperor Charles IV states that he has asked Pope Innocent VI to appoint Gottfried, the son of Count Gottfried of Ziegenhain, as a canon in Mainz. In those days, an ecclesiastical career was usually planned for younger sons, while the eldest brother would inherit the county. This would suggest Gottfried had an elder brother. This hypothetical brother must have died young, as in 1360 Gottfried VIII is mentioned as the only son of Gottfried VII.

paragraph: Gottfried VIII was knighted on 14 March 1371.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin Röhling: "Die Geschichte der Grafen von Nidda und der Grafen von Ziegenhain", in the series "Niddaer Geschichtsblätter", issue 9, Niddaer Heimatmuseum e.V., Nidda, 2005,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerhard Köbler: "Historisches Lexikon der deutschen Länder", 4th ed., 1992

description: German nobleman

wikidata_label: Gottfried VIII, Count of Ziegenhain

wikipedia_title: Gottfried VIII, Count of Ziegenhain


text:
singer
songwriter
Brookhaven, Mississippi
Charleston, West Virginia
Nashville, Tennessee
guitarist
Nashville Scene
Virginia
Mississippi
Boston Conservatory of Music
Chicago
Northwestern University
Bloomington, Indiana
Indiana University
Mark Bingham
jazz
rhythm-and-blues
Frank Zappa
New York state
Los Angeles
Elektra Records
record album
pharmaceutical
Eli Lilly
Columbia Records
A&R
Clive Davis
New York City
Midwest
Captain Beefheart and the Magic Band
Cincinnati
Ludlow Garage
LP
Down Beat
Rolling Stone
demos
Mike Curb
Dinah Shore
the Gong Show
Gilbert and Sullivan
The Pirates of Penzance
Broadway
Galt MacDermot
Disney
animated movies
Beauty and the Beast
Aladdin
Pocahontas
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Williamson County, Tennessee
Ubiquity Records
Chicago
The Numero Group
singer-songwriter
Indianapolis
Japan
S.K. Thoth
Starz (band)
godfather
novelist
William Styron
Nashville Scene

categories: Musicians from Charleston, West Virginia,People from Brookhaven, Mississippi,Singers from West Virginia,Songwriters from West Virginia,American singer-songwriters,1951 births,George Washington High School (Charleston, West Virginia) alumni,Living people

paragraph: Caroline Peyton

paragraph: Caroline Peyton is an American singer, songwriter and actor. Peyton was born in Brookhaven, Mississippi on October 8, 1951 and grew up in Charleston, West Virginia. She released her first self-written solo album on Sept. 9, 2014. Recorded in Nashville, Tennessee with producer Mark Nevers at Beech House Recording, the 10-song record is titled "Homeseeker's Paradise". The record features playing by Nashville musicians including guitarist William Tyler and multi-instrumentalist Chris Scruggs. Nashville Scene writer Skip Anderson wrote a preview of the record.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Her father, Thomas Peyton, is from Virginia and her mother, the former Joan (pronounced Jo Ann) Johnson, is a native of Mississippi. Peyton grew up with two sisters and began performing with them at an early age. She attended Charleston's George Washington High School, where she participated in theatrical productions. Peyton was accepted to the Boston Conservatory of Music but enrolled at Chicago's Northwestern University in 1969. Already proficient as a guitarist and vocalist, she began performing in Chicago with fellow guitarist and singer John Guth. Peyton had previously met another singer interested in folk music, Mary Johnson, who later adopted the stage name Mary Flower. Johnson took Peyton to visit the town of Bloomington, Indiana, which had a lively music scene that utilized both local musicians and students studying music at Indiana University. Impressed by what was happening in Bloomington, Peyton moved there in 1970 and began performing with a group of musicians that included singer Bob Lucas and songwriter and producer Mark Bingham.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Bingham had put together a large band with shifting membership, the Screaming Gypsy Bandits, who were influenced by jazz, rhythm-and-blues and Frank Zappa. Born in Bloomington on January 30, 1949, Bingham had spent his early years in New York state and had gone to Los Angeles, hired as an in-house songwriter and producer by California record label Elektra Records. Cut loose by Elektra, Bingham returned to Bloomington in fall 1969 and began collaborating with Peyton.

paragraph: Working at a local studio owned by drummer and teacher Jack Gilfoy, Peyton and Bingham recorded what would be Peyton's first record album on a label they had begun along with a local woman named Kathy Canada, who had family connections to, and thus family money from, pharmaceutical manufacturer Eli Lilly. The label, Bar-B-Q Records, released Peyton's 1972 album "Mock Up", which featured her guitar playing and vocals along with Bingham's guitar (and songwriting) and the piano of Mark Gray, who was studying jazz at Indiana University's music school. With spare performances, "Mock Up" featured Bingham compositions such as "Between-Two" and "Engram." The record came to the attention of Columbia Records A&R man Mark Spector, who arranged an audition with label head Clive Davis in New York City in October 1972, but they failed the audition, although Peyton says that Spector called her upon her return to Bloomington to encourage her.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: As Peyton said in a 2006 "Nashville Scene" article, “I didn’t know what I wanted, and I needed to find my own voice. "Mock Up" was my first recording. My father paid for it, even though I had dropped out of Northwestern. My frustration with Mark Bingham was that he was so anti-establishment. I don’t think he ever re-wrote anything—it was all stream-of-consciousness. People ask me what ‘Engram’ means and I say, ‘I don’t know what it means now, and I didn’t know when I was singing it, and I’ll never know what it meant."

paragraph: Peyton continued to perform in the Midwest, and the Screaming Gypsy Bandits became well known in the region. They opened for many big-name acts in the early 1970s, including a 1970 date with Captain Beefheart and the Magic Band at Cincinnati's Ludlow Garage. With Peyton on vocals, the Screaming Gypsy Bandits recorded an LP that was released in 1973. "In the Eye" received a favorable review in the jazz magazine Down Beat.

paragraph: Working again with Bingham, Peyton recorded another album in sessions that stretched from late 1974 until 1977. Released in 1977, "Intuition" featured songs by Bingham and Peyton and was reviewed in Rolling Stone.

paragraph: Peyton moved to Los Angeles in 1977, where she performed in local clubs, recorded demos for record-label impresario Mike Curb and appeared on a couple of television shows—most notably the Dinah Shore show and the Gong Show.

paragraph: In the early 1980s Peyton began performing in theatrical productions. She was featured prominently in both the Los Angeles company and the Broadway national touring company of Gilbert and Sullivan's "The Pirates of Penzance" and in 1984 made her Broadway debut as Mary Arena in Galt MacDermot's "The Human Comedy".

paragraph: In the late 1980s and early 1990s Peyton recorded vocals for four Disney animated movies: "Beauty and the Beast", "Aladdin", "Pocahontas" and "The Hunchback of Notre Dame".

paragraph: Peyton moved to Williamson County, Tennessee in 1993 and recorded a collection of Celtic Christmas songs on the Green Hill label. Ubiquity Records featured a track from "Intuition", "Just as We," on a compilation, "Gilles Peterson Digs America:Brownswood, U.S.A." In 2006 the Chicago record label The Numero Group included "Engram"—a track from "Mock Up"—on their anthology of female singer-songwriters, "Wayfaring Strangers: Ladies from the Canyon". Asterisk, an imprint of Numero, reissued "Mock Up" and "Intuition" in January 2009, with archival photos, extra tracks, liner notes and a video of Peyton performing in 1972 at Indianapolis club the Hummingbird Cafe. Both albums had been previously reissued in limited editions in Japan.

paragraph: In February 2009, Peyton performed a set of songs drawn from her 1970s albums at Nashville club the Basement, and in May re-united with Bingham and Bob Lucas at a concert in Bloomington. As she told reporter Ron Wynn of Nashville's "City Paper", “I guess I was just ahead of my time. It was what I call art songs. We really didn’t think much about whether they might be commercial or not. I know there are some incredible players on these recordings, guys who’ve gone on to make great records with other people.” She has also performed infrequently in Nashville.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Peyton continues to live in Nashville. She has twin girls. The oldest, Lila Angelique, is married to S.K. Thoth, a famed street performer from NYC. They currently travel the world performing as Tribal Baroque. Her other child is currently attending graduate school for acting at the University of Southern Mississippi. Former husband and member of Starz (band), Brendan Harkin, runs and owns a recording studio in Franklin, TN.

paragraph: Peyton's godfather is novelist William Styron, with whom her father grew up in Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mock Up" (Bar-B-Q, 1972; Asterisk/Numero Group 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Back to Doghead" (with the Screaming Gypsy Bandits, recorded 1970-1972; Piety Street Files and Archaic Media, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Eye" (with the Screaming Gypsy Bandits, Bar-B-Q, 1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bloomington I" (compilation of Bar-B-Q records artists, 1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intuition" (Bar-B-Q, 1977; Asterisk/Numero Group 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Celtic Christmas Spirit" (Green Hill, 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gilles Peterson Digs America: Brownswood U.S.A." (Ubiquity, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wayfaring Strangers: Ladies from the Canyon" (Numero Group, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Homeseeker's Paradise" (Peytunes, 2014)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vocal Heavyweight Caroline Peyton Drops Her First Album in 16 Years," Nashville Scene, Sept. 4-10, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 newspaper article about the Screaming Gypsy Bandits, accessed at http://www.ghp.net/bq/art3.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liner notes for Asterisk reissues of "Mock Up" and "Intuition": Asterisk CDs 006 and 007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green, Larry and Laura. "Let the Music Happen." "Chicago Daily News",

paragraph: March 21–22, 1970.

description: American musician (born 1951)

wikidata_label: Caroline Peyton

wikipedia_title: Caroline Peyton


text:
Mexican
Royal Show
South Africa
Witness.co.za (1)
ess.co.za (2)
Witness.co.za (1)
Witness.co.za (2)

paragraph: Chuchín

paragraph: José de Jesus Medrano (February 19, 1948 - May 29, 1984), better known as Chuchín, was a Mexican clown and star attraction of many circuses in Mexico from the late 1960s to 1984, when he died while on tour in Africa. He toured Peru as the Circo Bell's Main attraction. Chuchin appeared in the 1983 Mexican film, "Esta y L'otra con un solo boleto". While performing at the Royal Show, Chuchin fell to his death on May 29, 1984 in South Africa. Ironically, his fall occurred not during his high wire bicycle act, but rather as he was descending from the platform after completing the act.

paragraph: In 1982 Chuchin toured with Circo Atayde, as the most famous acrobatic and singing circus clown in Mexico. At the time, circus Atayde had resolved never to present any performer as the star of their show, because the star of their show was the name Atayde. Chuchin was recognized by the Mexican press while on his presentation at The Arena Mexico in Mexico City and from then on, Chuchin was the first person or performer name other than Atayde's name to be presented as the star of their show.

paragraph: Jose de Jesus Medrano's son Mizrraim Jesus Medrano, currently performs under the name Chuchin in honor of his father. Witness.co.za (1) ess.co.za (2)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Witness.co.za (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Witness.co.za (2)

description: Mexican clown

wikidata_label: Chuchin

wikipedia_title: Chuchín


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Bishop

text: Diocese of Springfield

text: Massachusetts

text: Baltimore

text: Maryland

text: Polish descent

text: Polish

text: Dundalk

text: Our Lady of Mt. Carmel High School

text: Essex

text: Catholic University of America

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Theological College

text: seminary

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: Archbishop William Borders

text: parish

text: St. Michael Church

text: Overlea

text: Cathedral of Mary Our Queen

text: Associate Pastor

text: St. Anthony Church

text: St. Isaac Jogues Church

text: Holy Cross Church

text: St. Mary Star of the Sea Church

text: pastor

text: Immaculate Conception Church

text: Towson

text: St. John the Evangelist Church

text: Severna Park

text: Auxiliary Bishop

text: Baltimore

text: Titular Bishop

text: Walla Walla

text: Pope John Paul II

text: episcopal consecration

text: William Cardinal Keeler

text: William Newman

text: W. Francis Malooly

text: co-consecrators

text: motto

text: Vicar for Hispanic Ministries

text: Seton Vicar

text: Anne Arundel

text: Edward U. Kmiec

text: Buffalo

text: Wilton Gregory

text: Atlanta

text: USCCB

text: Pope Francis

text: Diocese of Springfield

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

categories: Roman Catholic bishops of Springfield in Massachusetts,Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts,Religious leaders from Baltimore,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore,1958 births,Catholic Church in Maryland,American people of Polish descent,Living people

paragraph: Mitchell T. Rozanski

paragraph: Mitchell Thomas Rozanski (born August 6, 1958) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church serving as the Bishop of the Diocese of Springfield, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Mitchell Rozanski was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He is of Polish descent and his surname means in Polish "rose". He attended Sacred Heart of Mary School in Dundalk, Our Lady of Mt. Carmel High School in Essex, and the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. before entering the Theological College at the Catholic University, where he received seminary training.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Ordination and ministry.

paragraph: He was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop William Borders on November 24, 1984.

paragraph: His parish assignments included appointments at St. Michael Church in Overlea in 1984 and the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen in 1985. He was appointed Associate Pastor at St. Anthony Church in Baltimore in 1985 and at St. Isaac Jogues Church in the same city in 1990. He was named administrator of Holy Cross Church and of St. Mary Star of the Sea Church in Baltimore in March 1993, before being appointed pastor there in the following October. In January 2000, he was appointed temporary administrator of Immaculate Conception Church in Towson and in June of that year he assumed the same duties for St. John the Evangelist Church in Severna Park, where he was named pastor on November 28, 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Auxiliary Bishop of Baltimore, Maryland.

paragraph: On July 3, 2004, Rozanski was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Baltimore and Titular Bishop of Walla Walla by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following August 24 from William Cardinal Keeler, with Bishops William Newman and W. Francis Malooly serving as co-consecrators. He selected as his episcopal motto: ""Serve The Lord With Gladness.""

paragraph: As an auxiliary bishop, Rozanski also served as Vicar for Hispanic Ministries and as Seton Vicar, in which position he ministered to the parishes in Anne Arundel, Howard, Carroll, Frederick, Washington, Allegany, and Garrett Counties.

paragraph: The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops announced on April 18, 2011, that he would be named to succeed Edward U. Kmiec, the Bishop of the Buffalo, New York, as incoming Roman Catholic Co-Chairman of the Polish National Catholic-Roman Catholic dialogue, due to Bishop Kmiec's impending retirement. He was named to the post by Archbishop Wilton Gregory of Atlanta, Georgia, and Chairman of the U.S. Bishops' Committee for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs. On November 12, 2013, he was elected to chair the USCCB Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs beginning in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Springfield, Massachusetts.

paragraph: On June 19, 2014 Pope Francis named Rozanski the ninth bishop of the Diocese of Springfield. He was installed as the Bishop of Springfield on August 12, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore website

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Mitchell T. Rozanski

wikipedia_title: Mitchell T. Rozanski


text:
American football
college football
halfback
University of Virginia
Cavaliers football
consensus first-team All-American
World War I
United States Army
Virginia Sports Hall of Fame
Norfolk, Virginia
Virginia Cavaliers football
Bob McWhorter
Yale
All-Southern team
Dick Jemison
W. A. Lambeth
International News Service
Frank G. Menke
Parke H. Davis
Richmond
Rhodes scholarship
Charleston, West Virginia
World War I
United States Army
Jacksonville, Florida
1918 flu pandemic
Virginia Sports Hall of Fame

categories: American football halfbacks,American military personnel of World War I,Sportspeople from Norfolk, Virginia,All-Southern college football players,1892 births,1918 deaths,Virginia Cavaliers football players,American Rhodes Scholars,College men's track and field athletes in the United States,All-American college football players

paragraph: Eugene Mayer

paragraph: Eugene Noble "Buck" Mayer (February 14, 1892 - October 21, 1918) was an American football player. He played college football at the halfback position for the University of Virginia Cavaliers football team from 1912 to 1915. In 1915, he became the first football player from a Southern school to be recognized as a consensus first-team All-American. Mayer died during World War I while serving in the United States Army. He was posthumously inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Mayer was born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1892. His father, Eugene L. Mayer, was a Virginia native who worked in the mill supplies business and later as a merchant in the hardware business. Mayer had three brothers and four sisters.

paragraph: Section::::University of Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::University of Virginia.:Football.

paragraph: Mayer attended the University of Virginia from 1911 to 1916. While there, he played at the halfback position for the Virginia Cavaliers football team from 1912 to 1915. He won a spot in the starting lineup and impressed sports writers in 1912.

paragraph: After indicating that he may not return to the University of Virginia in 1913, he was persuaded to do so in September 1913. Mayer and Bob McWhorter were deemed "the class of the backfield men of the south" during the 1913 season.

paragraph: In 1914, Mayer was one of the leading scorers in the country with 121 points scored (19 touchdowns and five extra points) and led the team to an 8-1 record with its only loss coming to Yale. On October 24, 1914, scored 26 points (four touchdowns and two extra points) in Virginia's 28-0 victory over Georgia. At the end of the 1914 season, he was named to the All-Southern team by Dick Jemison and W. A. Lambeth.

paragraph: In 1915, Mayer led Virginia to an 8-1 record, was one of the country's leading scorers with 105 points, and was selected as a first-team All-American by International News Service sports editor Frank G. Menke and Eastern football expert Parke H. Davis. He was the first player from a Southern school to be a consensus first-team All-American. On October 9, 1915, he scored a school record 37 points five touchdowns and seven extra points in a 74-0 win over Richmond. At the end of the 1915 season, "The Washington Herald" wrote:Mayer is one of the greatest half backs the South has produced in years, and is universally recognized as such. He scored more touchdowns last year than any other player in the East and the second in the entire United States. His present season was not as rich in scoring as the one by some touchdowns, but in it he scored thirteen.

paragraph: During Mayer's four years as a member, the football team compiled a record of 29-6. He set school records for most points scored in a game (36), most touchdowns in a season (21 in 1914), most career touchdowns (48), and career points scored (312).

paragraph: Section::::University of Virginia.:Track and field.

paragraph: Mayer was also a member of the Virginia track and field team. He threw the 16-pound shot put 42 feet, 3 inches, ran the 100-yard dash in 10.1 seconds, and had a career best of 22 feet, 9 inches in the broad jump.

paragraph: In addition to athletics, Mayer was an excellent student who earned a Rhodes scholarship. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1916 with a law degree.

paragraph: Section::::Family and later years.

paragraph: Mayer was married at Charleston, West Virginia, in March 1916 to Agnes Elizabeth Chilton (1896-1974). After receiving his bachelor of laws degree that year, Mayer began practicing law in Charleston.

paragraph: During World War I, Mayer served as either a private in the quartermaster's corps and/or in a machine gun company in the United States Army. In October 1918, he died at age 26 at Camp Joseph E. Johnston in Jacksonville, Florida, a victim of the 1918 flu pandemic. He was survived by his wife and one child. He was buried at the Spring Hill Cemetery in Charleston.

paragraph: In 1980, Mayer was posthumously inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Eugene Mayer

wikipedia_title: Eugene Mayer


text: Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch

text: Serbian Orthodox Church

text: Grdan

text: Serb Uprising of 1596–97

text: Istanbul

categories: Serbian military leaders,Ottoman period in the history of Montenegro,Ottoman Serbia,History of the Serbian Orthodox Church,Patriarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church,16th-century people of the Ottoman Empire,16th-century Eastern Orthodox archbishops,16th-century births,Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina,1614 deaths,17th-century Eastern Orthodox archbishops,17th-century Serbian people,16th-century Serbian people

paragraph: Jovan Kantul

paragraph: Jovan Kantul (, 1592 – d. 1614), sometimes numbered Jovan II was the Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch, the spiritual leader of the Serbian Orthodox Church, from 1592 until his death in 1614. He planned a major revolt in the Ottoman Balkans, with Grdan, the vojvoda of Nikšić, asking the pope for aid (see Serb Uprising of 1596–97). Owing to his activities for planning a Serbian revolt, he was arrested and put on trial in Istanbul in 1612. He was found guilty of treason and was executed two years later (1614).

paragraph: Section::::Title.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Archbishop of Peć and Patriarch of all Serbs and Bulgarians and Western Regions" (), 20 July 1611.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site of the Serbian Orthodox Church: Serbian Archbishops and Patriarchs

wikidata_label: Jovan Kantul

wikipedia_title: Jovan Kantul


text:
German
George I of Württemberg-Mömpelgard
Daniel, Count of Waldeck
Kassel
Hessen
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse
Christine of Saxony
George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Protestant Reformation
morganatic
Margarethe von der Saale
William II of Hesse
George, Duke of Saxony
Barbara Jagiellon
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Elisabeth of Austria
Reichenweier
George I
Mömpelgard
Henry, Count of Württemberg
Chateau de Montbeliard
principality
Mömpelgard
Lutheran
France
Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg
Mömpelgard
Stuttgart
Sybilla of Anhalt
Daniel, Count of Waldeck
Spanish
British Royal Families

paragraph: Barbara of Hesse

paragraph: Barbara of Hesse, Duchess of Württemberg-Mömpelgard (8 April 1536 – 8 June 1597) was a German noblewoman, and the wife of Count George I of Württemberg-Mömpelgard. Her second husband was Daniel, Count of Waldeck.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Barbara was born in Kassel, Hessen on 8 April 1536, one of the ten children of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse and his legitimate wife Christine of Saxony. She had four sisters and five brothers including George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. Her father was a leading champion of the Protestant Reformation. While married to her mother, he also married bigamously his morganatic wife, Margarethe von der Saale, by whom he had another nine children.

paragraph: Her paternal grandparents were William II of Hesse and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and her maternal grandparents were George, Duke of Saxony and Barbara Jagiellon, daughter of King Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland and Elisabeth of Austria.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: On 10 September 1555 in Reichenweier, Barbara married her first husband, George I, Count of Württemberg-Mömpelgard, son of Henry, Count of Württemberg and Eva of Salm. She was nineteen years of age and Georg was fifty-seven. They made their residence at the Chateau de Montbeliard in the principality of Mömpelgard, a staunch Lutheran enclave in France.

paragraph: Together George and Barbara had one son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg (19 August 1557, Mömpelgard- 29 January 1608, Stuttgart), married Sybilla of Anhalt, by whom he had fifteen children.

paragraph: Barbara was widowed on 18 July 1558 after less than three years of marriage. She married her second husband Daniel, Count of Waldeck ten years later on 11 November 1568 in Kassel, when she was thirty-two years old.

paragraph: She died on 8 June 1597 at . Among her numerous descendants are the current Spanish and British Royal Families.

description: 16th-century German noblewoman

wikidata_label: Barbara of Hesse

wikipedia_title: Barbara of Hesse


href: Babylon Assyria Tiglath-Pileser%20III Chaldea Nabu-nadin-zeri Nabu-suma-ukin%20II Nimrud Max%20Mallowan Arameans Marduk-apla-iddina%20II Nippur Dilbat Akitu

text:
Babylon
Assyria
Tukultī-apil-Ešarra III
Chaldea
Nabû-nādin-zēri
Nabû-šuma-ukîn II
Nimrud
Max Mallowan
Aramaic
Marduk-apla-iddina II
Nippur
Dilbat
Akītu

categories: 8th-century BC rulers,8th-century BC Babylonian kings

paragraph: Nabu-mukin-zeri

paragraph: Nabû-mukin-zēri, inscribed AG-DU-NUMUN, also known as Mukin-zēri, was the king of Babylon 731–729 BC. The Ptolemaic Canon gives his name as Χινζηρος. His reign was brought to its eventual end by the capture of the stronghold of Šapia by the forces of the Assyrian king Tukultī-apil-Ešarra III (745–727 BC). The chief of the Chaldean Amukanu tribe in southern Babylonia, he took advantage of the instability which attended the revolt against Nabû-nādin-zēri and deposed its leader, Nabû-šuma-ukîn II.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: The fortuitous discovery in 1952 of a cache of diplomatic correspondence in the chancery offices of the Northwest Palace in a room designated as ZT 4 at Kalhu, modern Nimrud, by archaeologists led by Max Mallowan, has shed much light on events of the Mukin-zēri rebellion. Of the more than three hundred tablets uncovered, a group of more than twenty letters and fragments concerned the events in Babylonia which led to Assyrian intervention and subsequent annexation of the region around 730 BC. They paint a picture of Babylonia riven by splits and rivalries among the various Aramaic, Babylonian and Chaldean factions.

paragraph: Soon after the Amukanite removed his predecessor from the throne and seized it for himself, Tukultī-apil-Ešarra directed his efforts to the removal of the usurper using all available means at his disposal. A letter describes the outcome of a mission to Babylon to win over the support of the city’s elders. The Assyrian delegation of two officers, Šamaš-bunaya and Nabû-namir, was forced to conduct its diplomacy outside the gates of the city, in full view of Nabû-mukin-zēri’s representative, Asinu. “Why do you act in a hostile manner towards us for their sake? They belong among the Chaldeans! It is the Assyrian king who can show favors towards Babylon, maintaining your civic privileges!”

paragraph: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra’s invasion of 731 BC caused Nabû-mukin-zēri to flee Babylon for Šapia, his stronghold in the south, where he remained holed up while the Assyrian forces devastated its surroundings and felled its date palms. The Assyrian king exacted tribute from the other Chaldean tribal leaders, Marduk-apla-iddina II of the Bīt-Yakin, called the “King of the Sealand” in the Assyrian account, Balassu of the Bīt-Dakuri and Nadinu of Larak. Others remained more recalcitrant: Zakiru of the Bīt-Ša’alli was ultimately overthrown, his capital Dur-Illayatu demolished and he was hauled off to Assyria in chains, and Nabû-ušabši of the Bīt-Šilani was impaled. Although the cities of Nippur and Dilbat supported the Assyrian side, the latter city was the subject of reprisals by Mukin-zēri’s allies from the religious establishment in Babylon. The Assyrian cavalry commander Iasubaya reported on his unsuccessful efforts to lure the Arameans from the usurper’s side and to compel them to leave their city and join the Assyrians in their campaign. The fear engendered by Mukin-zēri sometimes kept Assyrian sympathizers from giving them active aid or accepting their generous amnesty terms. But, while Mukin-zēri’s forces were engaged in battle in Buharu, his own subjects ("Akkadians") apparently rustled his sheep. Mukin-zēri countered the Assyrians’ propaganda by attempting to divide their allies. He warned Marduk-apla-iddina of the vicissitude of his uncle Balassu.

paragraph: The "Chronicle on the Reigns from Nabû-Nasir to Šamaš-šuma-ukin" describes the final outcome, “In the third year, the Assyrian king having come down to Akkad, ravaged Bīt-Amukanu and captured Nabû-mukin-zeri. He subsequently ascended the throne in Babylon himself.” This chronicle is not wholly accurate as a contemporary letter addressed to Tukultī-apil-Ešarra has been preserved which reports that "Mukin-zeri has been killed and Šumu-ukin, his son, has also been killed. The city is conquered." Tukultī-apil-Ešarra did, however, ascend the throne of Babylon, officiating over two successive Akītu festivals.

paragraph: Section::::References.

wikidata_label: Nabu-mukin-zeri

wikipedia_title: Nabu-mukin-zeri


text: Terje Rypdal

text: Lillehammer

text: Toten

text: Gjøvik

text: Kongsberg Jazz Festival

text: Geir Wentzel

text: Oslo

text: Club 7

text: Christian Reim Trio

text: Jan Garbarek

text: Susanne Fuhr

text: Trio de Janeiro

text: Son Mu

text: Tamma

text: Moose Loose

text: Talisman Group

text: Claudio Latini

text: Celio de Carvalho

text: Miki N'Doye

text: Gammleng-prisen

text: Smuget

text: What Comes After

text: ECM

text: Whenever I Seem to Be Far Away

text: Odyssey

text: Waves

text: Kirkelig Kulturverksted

text: Ronni Le Tekrø

text: Erter, Kjøtt og Flesk Official Website

categories: Musicians from Lillehammer,Norwegian jazz bass guitarists,1950 births,Norwegian jazz guitarists,Norwegian jazz composers,ECM Records artists,Living people,Norwegian male bass guitarists

paragraph: Sveinung Hovensjø

paragraph: Sveinung Hovensjø (born 5 December 1950) is a Norwegian jazz musician (bass and guitar), known as one of the most used studio musicians in Norway, and also for his collaboration with guitarist Terje Rypdal (1974–78).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Hovensjø was born in Lillehammer but grew up at Toten. He started at a young age in "Prototypes" in Gjøvik, played with the dance band "Bruno" during the 1960s, participated at the 1969 Kongsberg Jazz Festival with the Geir Wentzel soul bandsoul band, and made his record debut with Earl Wilson in 1970. There after he moved to Oslo where he joined the music scene around Club 7, and played within Christian Reim Trio (1977–79). He also played with Jazz greats like Terje Rypdal, Jan Garbarek, Susanne Fuhr among others. Later he played within the Trio de Janeiro, The Gambian/Norwegian Friendship Orchestra, Son Mu, Tamma, Moose Loose og Talisman Group, and with Claudio Latini, Celio de Carvalho and Miki N'Doye.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gammleng-prisen 1983 (studio)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The first Smugetprisen 1990

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Terje Rypdal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: "What Comes After" (ECM 1031)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: "Whenever I Seem to Be Far Away" (ECM 1045)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: "Odyssey" (ECM 1067/8)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "Waves" (ECM 1110)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: "Live in New York" (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: "Passe Gal" (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: "På Leit" (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With "Talisman"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "Dating"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "Vardøger"

paragraph: BULLET::::- With "Trio de Janeiro"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Brazilikum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "Amoregano"

paragraph: BULLET::::- With other projects

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: "Elgen Er Løs" (Mai), with "Moose Loose"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "E'Olen" (Mai), with "E'Olen"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "Blow Out" (Compendium Records), with "Blow Out"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981: "Domino", with "Susanne Fuhr Quintet"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Kingdom of Norway" (Bonnier Amigo), with Ronni Le Tekrø

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erter, Kjøtt og Flesk Official Website

description: Norwegian musician

wikidata_label: Sveinung Hovensjø

wikipedia_title: Sveinung Hovensjø