text:
operas
cockney
Samuel Rowlands
Bow Bells
Geoffrey Shaw
First World War
Charles Villiers Stanford
Royal College of Music
Gustav Holst
Ralph Vaughan Williams
John Ireland
Emmanuel Church, West Hampstead
Gordon Craig
Purcell Operatic Society
Henry Purcell
Dido and Aeneas
Hampstead Conservatoire
Coronet Theatre
Ellen Terry
semi-opera
Dioclesian
Handel
"Acis and Galatea"
Ellen Terry
The Vikings
Much Ado About Nothing
Craig
Ellen Terry
Edith Craig
Christabel Marshall
Michael Holroyd
Isadora Duncan
Up to Now
Oxford University Press
St Mary's, Primrose Hill
Percy Dearmer
St. Martin-in-the-Fields
Royal School of Church Music
Lambeth degree
Doctor of Music
OBE
Royal College of Music
Sebastian Shaw
Darth Vader
Anakin Skywalker
Return of the Jedi
Laurence Binyon
Eleanor Farjeon
John Masefield
Clifford Bax
Worcester Music Festival
T.S. Eliot
Sadler's Wells Theatre
oratorio
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Aldeburgh Festival
Percy Dearmer
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Songs of Praise
The Oxford Book of Carols
Little Cornard
English Hymnal
Bunessan
Morning Has Broken
Eleanor Farjeon
Cat Stevens
British Library
Gustav Holst
John Ireland
Albert Schweitzer
Nancy Astor
Paul Nash
W. B. Yeats
Sebastian Shaw
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Christian feminist
Maude Royden
The Guildhouse Fellowship
cantatas
Authors
collaborators
Publishers
venue
producer
Purcell Operatic Society
Edward Gordon Craig
Dido and Aeneas
Purcell
Hampstead Conservatoire
The Masque of Love
Coronet Theatre, Notting Hill
Acis and Galatea
Handel
John Gay
Great Queen Street Theatre
Laurence Housman
The Vikings
Ibsen
Imperial Theatre
Much Ado About Nothing
Shakespeare
Mabel Dearmer
The Cockyolly Bird
Court Theatre
Brer Rabbit and Mr Fox
Little Theatre
George Calderon
William Caine
Ballad Opera
Samuel Pepys
Clifford Bax
Maddermarket
Ipswich
Ambassadors Theatre
Sybil Thorndike
Sean O'Casey
Plainsong
Apollo Theatre
John Masefield
Toc H
Barclay Baron
Crystal Palace
Phyllis Neilson-Terry
Royal Albert Hall
T.S. Eliot
Sadlers Wells
Scala
Miles Malleson
Christopher Fry
Shakespeare
A Midsummer Night's Dream
Joan Cobbold
Christina Rossetti
Rodney Bennett
Brothers Grimm
Christopher Fry
Aeolian Hall
John Masefield
Herrick
Drayton
Clifford Bax
Heine
Eleanor Farjeon
Laurence Binyon
Shakespeare
Joan Cobbold
Sarojini Naidu
WB Yeats
Heine
Ben Jonson
Novello
W.E. Henley
Oxford University Press
Stainer and Bell
Matthew Arnold
Geoffrey Shaw
Struwelpeter
Curwen
Christina Rossetti
Shakespeare
Christina Rossetti
Yeats
Lewis Carroll
Laurence Binyon
Rudyard Kipling
Geoffrey Dearmer
W.B. Yeats
Rudyard Kipling
Arthur Shirley Cripps
Rudyard Kipling
George Meredith
Christina Rossetti
William Allingham
W.E. Henley
Edgar Allan Poe
Geoffrey Dearmer
John Masefield
William Blake
Paul Nash
John Buchan
Girl Guide
Anthem
Walt Whitman
Darley
Eleanor Farjeon
E. Nesbit
Thomas Hardy
Eleanor Farjeon
John Clare
Geoffrey Dearmer
Kenneth Grahame
Rudyard Kipling
Beddoes
Percy Dearmer
John Masefield
Cantata
Thomas Hood
Eleanor Farjeon
canon
Clifford Bax
Elizabeth Wordsworth
Shakespeare
A.H. Clough
Tennyson
George Meredith
Geoffrey Dearmer
Philip Rosseter
Mont Campbell
Uriel
Up To Now
Michael Holroyd
Gordon Craig
Isadora Duncan
T.S. Eliot
E. Martin Browne
Percy Dearmer
Percy Dearmer
Martin Shaw – Music & Song
Detailed biography
Martin Shaw
Shaw Brothers

categories: 20th-century classical composers,English male classical composers,20th-century English composers,Musicians from London,1875 births,Holders of a Lambeth degree,Alumni of the Royal College of Music,20th-century English musicians,20th-century British composers,Officers of the Order of the British Empire,English classical composers,People from Southwold,Classical composers of church music,Male opera composers,1958 deaths,English opera composers

paragraph: Martin Shaw (composer)

paragraph: Martin Edward Fallas Shaw (1875–1958) was an English composer, conductor, and (in his early life) theatre producer. His over 300 published works include songs, hymns, carols, oratorios, several instrumental works, a congregational mass setting (the "Anglican Folk Mass"), and four operas including a ballad opera.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Shaw delighted in describing himself as a cockney, a title he could claim under Samuel Rowlands's definition of one born within the sound of the Bow Bells. Born 9 March 1875, was the son of the Bohemian and eccentric James Shaw, composer of church music and organist of Hampstead Parish Church. He was the elder brother of the composer and influential educator Geoffrey Shaw and the actor Julius Shaw, whose career was cut short by the First World War – he was killed in March 1918. He studied under Charles Villiers Stanford at the Royal College of Music, together with a generation of composers that included Gustav Holst, Ralph Vaughan Williams, and John Ireland. He then embarked upon a career as a theatrical producer, composer and conductor, the early years of which he described as "a long period of starving along". However, he began his career as an organist, serving at Emmanuel Church, West Hampstead, from 1895 to 1903.

paragraph: With Gordon Craig, he founded the Purcell Operatic Society in 1899, dedicated to reviving the music of Henry Purcell and other English composers of the period, many of whose works had fallen into long neglect. Their first production in 1901 was Purcell's "Dido and Aeneas", at the Hampstead Conservatoire. This was well received and transferred to the Coronet Theatre, where it played alongside Ellen Terry's production of "Nance Oldfield". It was also Craig's first outing as stage director. The POS's other productions were "The Masque of Love" from Purcell's semi-opera, "Dioclesian" (1901) and Handel's "Acis and Galatea" (1902). In 1903, Martin joined Ellen Terry's company at the Imperial Theatre, where he composed and conducted the music for productions of "The Vikings" and "Much Ado About Nothing", also directed by Craig, Ellen Terry's son.

paragraph: He proposed to Edith Craig, Craig's sister, in 1903 and was accepted. Edy was a successful, prolific but now largely forgotten theatre director, producer, costume designer and early pioneer of the women's suffrage movement in England. The marriage was prevented by Ellen Terry, out of jealousy for her daughter's affection, and by Christabel Marshall (Christopher St John), with whom Edith lived from 1899, according to Michael Holroyd in his book "A Strange Eventful History (2008)". A thinly fictionalised account of this episode appears in St John's autobiographical novel "Hungerheart: The Story of a Soul (1915)".

paragraph: Shaw then toured Europe as conductor to Isadora Duncan, extensively described in his 1929 autobiography "Up to Now" published by Oxford University Press. During this period he gave music lessons and took posts as organist and director of music, first at St Mary's, Primrose Hill, where his vicar was Percy Dearmer 1908 or 1909 – 1920, later at St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London 1920 – 1924. He was also master of music at the Guildhouse, London.

paragraph: After his marriage to Joan Cobbold in 1916, he settled down to family life. The couple had three children: John Fallas Cobbold Shaw (1917–1973), Richard Brinkley Shaw (1920–1989), and Mary Elizabeth Shaw (1923–1977). Under the influence of his wife, and faced with the need to support his family, church music gradually became the focus of his life and work. In 1918 he co-founded the League of Arts, the Royal School of Church Music and was an early organiser of hymn festivals. He did much editorial and executive work in connection with popularising music, the encouragement of community singing and raising standards of choral singing in small parish churches.

paragraph: In 1932 Shaw received the Lambeth degree of Doctor of Music. He was appointed an OBE in 1955 and was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Music (FRCM) in 1958.

paragraph: He died 24 October 1958.

paragraph: His nephew was the actor Sebastian Shaw, who played the unmasked Darth Vader and the ghost of Anakin Skywalker in "Return of the Jedi" (1983).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His published works include over 100 songs (some of them for children), settings for soli, chorus and orchestra of Laurence Binyon's "Sursum Corda", Eleanor Farjeon's "The Ithacans", John Masefield's "The Seaport and her Sailors"; a ballad opera by Clifford Bax, "Mr Pepys", and "Water Folk", written for the Worcester Music Festival held in September 1932. He composed the music for T.S. Eliot's pageant play, "The Rock", (performed at the Sadler's Wells Theatre in May 1934), making him the only composer Eliot ever allowed to set his words to music. He later became the first editor of "National Anthems of the World", published after his death.

paragraph: His oratorio "The Redeemer", for SATB soloists, chorus and full orchestra, was first broadcast by the BBC in March 1945. His cantata "God's Grandeur", to words by Gerard Manley Hopkins, was composed for the first Aldeburgh Festival, receiving its first performance in the same concert as the premiere of Britten's "St Nicholas".

paragraph: Working with Percy Dearmer, Martin was music editor of "The English Carol Book" (1913, 1919) and, with Ralph Vaughan Williams, of "Songs of Praise" (1925, 1931) and "The Oxford Book of Carols" (1928). His tune "Little Cornard" is sung to "Hills of the North Rejoice", and "Marching" is sung to "Through the Night of Doubt and Sorrow". While doing research for the "English Hymnal" (1906) in the British Library, he came upon the traditional Gaelic hymn-tune "Bunessan" in L. McBean's "Songs and Hymns of the Gael", published in 1900. However, the tune was not included in the "English Hymnal". It was used instead in the second edition of "Songs of Praise" (1931), set to the poem "Morning Has Broken", which Martin Shaw commissioned specially from his old friend Eleanor Farjeon. This tune and words became a No. 1 hit for Cat Stevens in 1972. Martin Shaw also noted down the Czech carol "Rocking" and included it in "The Oxford Book of Carols".

paragraph: Section::::Archive.

paragraph: The Martin Shaw Archive was acquired by the British Library in February 2011. It includes his music scores and correspondence between him and his wife Joan. As well as letters from his friends Gustav Holst and John Ireland, letters from the world of literature and the arts are very widely represented, including Albert Schweitzer, Nancy Astor, Paul Nash, W. B. Yeats and his nephew Sebastian Shaw. The archive also contains major correspondence from Ralph Vaughan Williams and the Christian feminist and campaigner Maude Royden, with whom Martin established The Guildhouse Fellowship in Eccleston Square.

paragraph: Section::::List of works.

paragraph: The following is a list of Shaw's theatrical productions, music for plays, cantatas and songs. Authors or collaborators are listed after the name of the production or piece in brackets. Publishers or performance venues are listed where known. A fuller list of works including editorial work, instrumental pieces, and sacred music can be seen at Musicweb International

paragraph: Section::::List of works.:Theatrical work.

paragraph: As producer of the Purcell Operatic Society, created by Shaw with Edward Gordon Craig

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900: conductor and producer: "Dido and Aeneas" (Purcell) – Hampstead Conservatoire

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1901: conductor and producer: "The Masque of Love" (Purcell) – Coronet Theatre, Notting Hill

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902: conductor and producer: "Acis and Galatea" (Handel, libretto by John Gay) – Great Queen Street Theatre

paragraph: Productions at the Imperial Theatre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902: Music Director and conductor: "Bethlehem, a Morality Play (Laurence Housman, music by Joseph Moorat)" – at the Imperial Institute

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903: composer and conductor: "The Vikings" (Ibsen) – Imperial Theatre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903: composer and conductor: "Much Ado About Nothing (Shakespeare)" – Imperial Theatre

paragraph: Section::::List of works.:Dramatic music.

paragraph: 1911 – 1915

paragraph: with Mabel Dearmer and the Morality Play Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1911 "The Soul of the World" (premiere at Imperial Institute 1 Dec.) – Joseph Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1912 "The Dreamer – The Biblical story of Joseph" –

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1913 "The Cockyolly Bird" (premiere at the Court Theatre, Thursday, 1 Jan 1914 ) – Curwen (published 1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 "Brer Rabbit and Mr Fox, a musical frolic" (premiere at the Little Theatre) – Joseph Williams

paragraph: with George Calderon and William Caine

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1912 "The Brave Little Tailor"

paragraph: 1926 – 1939

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 "Mr Pepys, a Ballad Opera on the life of Samuel Pepys (Clifford Bax)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Waterloo Leave, a Ballad Opera (Clifford Bax)" – Maddermarket, Ipswich

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 "Granite (Clemence Dane)" premiered at Ambassadors Theatre, with Sybil Thorndike

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 "The Silver Tassie (Sean O'Casey); Plainsong and songs for Act II" – Apollo Theatre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 "Easter (John Masefield)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 "The Thorn of Avalon, an Opera for "Toc H" (Barclay Baron)" – Crystal Palace

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 "Philomel (Jefferson Farjeon, lyrics by Clifford Bax)" premiered at Ambassadors Theatre, starring Phyllis Neilson-Terry and Arthur Wontner

paragraph: BULLET::::- 193? "At the Sign of the Star" an Opera for "Toc H" – Royal Albert Hall

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1934 "The Rock, a Choral Pageant (T.S. Eliot)" – Sadlers Wells

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Judgement at Chelmsford (Charles Williams)" – Scala

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 "Master Valiant (Barclay Baron for Toc H 21st Birthday)" at Crystal Palace – OUP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "The Six Men of Dorset (Miles Malleson)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Thursday's Child (Christopher Fry)" – Royal Albert Hall

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1916 "The Pedlar (from Shakespeare)" 6 songs, 2 dances – Evans Bros.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1918 "Fools and Fairies (from A Midsummer Night's Dream)" – Evans

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 "Children's Play: The Magic Fishbone (Joan Cobbold)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 "A Christmas Pageant (words selected by Joan Cobbold)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928 "Pageant: The Months (Christina Rossetti, dramatised by Joan Cobbold)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 "Christmas mime: At the Sign of the Star (Barclay Baron)" – OUP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 "Musical Play: The Whispering Wood (Rodney Bennett)" –

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 "The Green Sky: a children's play (Joan Cobbold)" – OUP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 "The Travelling Musicians (arr. Joan Cobbold, from the Brothers Grimm)" – Novello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Thursday's Child (Christopher Fry)" – Cramer

paragraph: Section::::List of works.:Cantatas and song sequences.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910 Song Sequence: "Fantastic Trio" for voice, sung by the Albion Trio at the (Aeolian Hall)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 Cantata: "The Seaport and her Sailors (John Masefield)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 Song Sequence: "The Ungentle Guest (Herrick, Drayton & Clifford Bax)" – for Baritone, Harp and String Quartette – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 Song Sequence: "Water Folk (Heine)" for voice, strings, quartette and pianoforte – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 Cantata: "The Ithacans (Eleanor Farjeon)" [tenor, chorus and orchestra] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 Cantata: "Sursum Corda (Laurence Binyon)" [chorus and orchestra] – Novello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 Cantata: "This England (Shakespeare)" – OUP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 Cantata length Oratorio: "The Redeemer (ed. Joan Cobbold)" [soli, chorus and orchestra] – Joseph Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1950 Cantata: "The Changing Year (ed. Joan Cobbold)" – Joseph Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 Cantata: "The Changing Year [arr.for flute and strings D. Shaw]" – J Williams

paragraph: Section::::List of works.:Songs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1898 "Berceuse (Diana Gardiner)" – The Dome.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1899 "The Song of the Palanquin Bearers (Sarojini Naidu)" – The Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902 "The Land of Heart's Desire (WB Yeats)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1903 "E'en as a lovely Flower (Heine)" – The Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 "Hymn To Diana [2 part song] (Ben Jonson)" – Novello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 "Over the Mountains (traditional)" [2 part song] – Novello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 "The Jolly Shepherd (John Wootton)" [S.A., p.f.] – Joseph Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 "The Fairies Escape" [SS song for female voices, p.f. acc.] – Joseph Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1904 "Weep you no More Sad Fountains" [S.A. with p.f. acc.] – Joseph Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1913 "England, My England (W.E. Henley)" [chorus for TTBB] – Boosey

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 "6 Songs of War" published by Humphrey Milford at Oxford University Press (OUP) 1: "Battle song of the Fleet at Sea (Stella Callaghan)" 2: "Called Up (Dudley Clark)" 3: "England for Flanders (C.W. Brodribb)" 4: "Erin United (C.W. Brodribb)" 5: "Carillons (tr. From the French by D. Bonnard)" 6: "Venizel (W.A.Short)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 "The Cavalier's Escape (W Thornbury)" – Stainer and Bell

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 "Song of the Callicles (Matthew Arnold)" 3 part song for female voices [SSA] – Joseph Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 "Conrad Suck-a-Thumb – in Geoffrey Shaw's Struwelpeter" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1915 "God Save the King with Faux Bourdon" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1915 "Cuckoo (traditional, 2nd verse by MS)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1915 "Song: Clare's Brigade (Stephen Gwynn)" – Humprey Milford at OUP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1915 "Four Pastoral Songs for Soprano and Contralto" – Curwen 1: "County Guy" 2: "Lubin" 3: "Sylvia Sleeps" 4: "Sylvia Wakes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1916 "A Christmas Song (Eugene Field)" – Evans

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1916 "Ships of Yule [unison song]" – Evans

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917 "Lullaby (Christina Rossetti)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917 "Under the Greenwood Tree" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917 "Sigh No More Ladies (Shakespeare)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917 "Trip and Go (traditional)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917 "Orange and Green (arr. Of AP Graves words to Lillibulero)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917 "Six Songs" published by Curwen: 1: "Bird or Beast (Christina Rossetti)" 2: "Easter Carol (Christina Rossetti)" 3: "The Land of Heart's Desire (Yeats)" 4: "Over the Sea (Christina Rossetti)" 5: not currently known 6: "Summer (Christina Rossetti)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917 "Song of the Palanquin Bearers" republished – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917 "Lied der Sänftentrager" [German translation of Palanquin Bearers] – Universal Edition

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1918 "Serenade (Diana Gardner") – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1918 "Two Songs from Alice in Wonderland (Lewis Carroll)" – (Evans: 3rd Bk of the School Concert) 1: "You are Old Father William" 2: "Will You Walk a Little Faster"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1918 "The Bird of God (Kingsley)" [2 part song] – Arnold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1918 "The Frogge and the Mouse (Deuteromelia)" [2 part song] – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Bab-lock-Hythe (Laurence Binyon)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Brookland Road (Rudyard Kipling)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Child of the Flowing Tide (Geoffrey Dearmer)" – Chappell

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Down by the Salley Gardens (W.B. Yeats)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Heffle Cuckoo Fair (Rudyard Kipling)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Love Pagan (Arthur Shirley Cripps)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Old Mother Laidinwool" (Rudyard Kipling) – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Pity Poor Fighting Men (Rudyard Kipling)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Refrain (Arthur Shirley Cripps)" – Rogers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "Stave of Roving Tim (George Meredith)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "The Egg Shell (Rudyard Kipling)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 "The Bubble Song (Mabel Dearmer)" – Chappell

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 "The Knights Song (Lyon)" – Enoch

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 "Love me, I love you" (Christina Rossetti) – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 "Charity (Christina Rossetti)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 "Lullaby (Christina Rossetti)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 "The Ferryman (Christina Rossetti)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 "Up the Airy Mountains (William Allingham)" [2pt song] – Augener; Edward Arnold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 "Invictus (W.E. Henley)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1920 "O Falmouth is a Fine Town (W.E. Henley)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1921 "Annabel Lee (Edgar Allan Poe)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1921 "When Daisies Pied (Shakespeare)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 "At Columbine's Grave (Bliss Carmen)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 "Blow, Blow thou Winter Wind (Shakespeare)" [unison] – Edward Arnold

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 "Butterflies (Mabel Dearmer)" [unison song] – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 "Crockle and Quackle (Darnley)" [2pt. Song] –

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 "Full Fathom Five (Shakespeare)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 "I know a Bank (Shakespeare)" [unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 "Old Clothes and Fine Clothes (John Pride)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 "The Cockyolly Song (Mabel Dearmer)" [unison song] – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 "The Merry Wanderer (Shakespeare)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1922 Two songs of Spring – Boosey: 1: "Through Softly Falling Rain (Sybil M.Ruegg)" 2: "The Herald (Geoffrey Dearmer)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "I Cannot eat but little Meat" (arr. For TTBB) – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "I Know a Bank (Shakespeare)" [SS] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "London Town (John Masefield)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "Over Hill Over Dale (Shakespeare)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "Peaceful Slumb'ring (Cobbe)" [arr. Tenor Solo & TTBB] – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "Ships of Yule (Eugene Field)" [unison] – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "The Grand Panjandrum" – Novello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "The Little Vagabond" (William Blake, cover illustration by Paul Nash) – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "Tides (John Pride)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "Two Nursery Rhymes" – Evans Bros

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 "With a voice of singing" [SATB] - Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 "The Dip (Judge Parry)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 "Wood Magic (John Buchan)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 "Glad Hearts Adventuring (Macdonald)", the Girl Guide Anthem – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 "Cargoes (John Masefield)" unison 1st published in 'Music and Youth', (2/- song) – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 Two Water Songs – Cramer 1: "The Little Waves of Breffney (Eva Gore-Booth)" 2: "The Rivulet (L. Larcom)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1924 "I know a Bank (Shakespeare)" [Duet] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 "Old Clothes and Fine Clothes (John Pride)" – Braille

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 "The Conjuration (from the Chinese poem of Hung-So-Fan)" 2 keys – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 "The Caravan (W.B. Rands)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 "The Pioneers (Walt Whitman)" unison song – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 "Bridgwater Charter Song (Bruce Dilks)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 "March (L. Larcom)" [unison] – OUP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 "May Merry Time (Darley)" 2pt song – OUP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 "Song & Mime: The Mummers (Eleanor Farjeon)" unison – Evans Bros.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926 "Trees (E. Nesbit)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "Avona (DB Knox)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "Budmouth Dears (Thomas Hardy)" [SSCCTTBB] – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "Gather up your Litter (Eleanor Farjeon)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "Ladybird (Mrs Montgomery)" [unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "Lament: Johnny Braidislee from Ionica" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "Little Trotty Wagtail (John Clare)" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "Over the Sea with a Soldier (Harold Boulton)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "St George's Day (arr. D.J. Clarke, words Geoffrey Dearmer)" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "The Accursed Wood (Harold Boulton)" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "Up Tails All (Kenneth Grahame)" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927 "The Mountain and the Squirrel (Emerson)" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928 "Service (words selected by Rudyard Kipling)" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 "Song of the Music Makers (Rodney Bennett)" Music and Youth (Jan) – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 "Two Shakespeare Songs": – Cramer 1: "Come Away Death" 2: "When that I was"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929 "Sea Roads (Harold Boulton)" [Unison] – Boosey and Hawkes [Winthrop Rogers]

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 "Songs: New Singing Games" (Cobbold) – Cramer 1: "White Owl" 2: "Flower Game" 3: "Naughty Children" 4: "Walking Down the Lane"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 "O Land of Britain (Stuart Wilson)" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 "To Sea (Beddoes)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 "The World's Delight" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 "Working Together (Percy Dearmer)" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: 1931 – 1940

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 "In Liverpool Where I was Bred" (John Masefield) from the Cantata – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 "No" (Thomas Hood) – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 "Three Calendar Songs for Children"– Novello 1: "30 Days Hath September"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 "Wood Fires" [unison song] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 "6 Songs (Eleanor Farjeon)" – Cramer 1: "Argus" [Unison song] 2: "Caesar" [Unison song] 3: "Hannibal" [Unison Song] 4: "Leonidas" [two part canon] 5: "Romulus and Remus" [two part canon] 6: "Queen Dido" [two part canon]

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 "Perilious Ways (Mordaunt Currie)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 "Marketing Day (Derek McCulloch)" [unison] – Novello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 "The Melodies You Sing (Clifford Bax)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1933 "The Wind and the Sea (Clifford Bax)" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 "Garden Flowers (Mary Howitt)" [Unison] – Child Education; Evans Bros

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 "A Chant for England (Helen Gray Cone)" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 "Two Cherry Songs" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 "The Day's End" [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1936 "Would it were So (Elizabeth Wordsworth)" [Unison] – Novello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1937 "Song: An Airman's Te Deum (F. McN. Foster)" – Curwen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938 "Come away, Death (Shakespeare)" [SATB] – Novello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Choir Songs: Thursday's Child (Christopher Fry)" [Unison Songs] – Cramer 1: "A Song of Life" 2: "Leaving School" 3: "What is a House" 4: "Cooking" 5: "Housework" 6: "Rub-a-dub-dub" 7: "Ploughing" 8: "Sowing" 9: "Harvest"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "Two songs for Juniors" – Cramer: 1: "The Rain", 2: "The Stream"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Mountain and the Squirrel" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939 "The Caravan" – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940 "Song: Say not the Struggle Nought Availeth (A.H. Clough)" [Unison] – Musical Times; Novello

paragraph: 1941 – 1954

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "Drake's Drum" (Sir Henry Newbolt) [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 "The Airmen" (Margaret Armour, from The Times, May 28, 1940) – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1942 "Song: Jack Overdue" (J. Pudney) – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 "The Path of Duty" (Tennyson) [unison] – Novello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 "Kitty of Coleraine" (anon) [arr. TTBB ] – Boosey and Hawkes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 "My Bonny Cuckoo" [arr. SSA] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 "Oft in the Stilly Night" (Thomas Moore) [arr. Tenor solo & TTBB] – Boosey and Hawkes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 "The Elves" (arr. SSA) – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 "Coronation Song" (E. Montgomery Campbell) [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 "Sing Three" [10 Songs for S.A.B.] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953 "Over the Hills" (George Meredith) [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 "Farm-yard Families" (M. Nightingale) [Unison] – Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 "The Sea Shore" (Geoffrey Dearmer) [Unison] -Cramer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 "The Sweet of the Year" (George Meredith) [2 part song] – OUP

paragraph: Posthumous publications

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 "Martin Shaw, Seven Songs for Voice and Piano" – Stainer and Bell 1: "Annabel Lee" 2: "Cargoes" 3: "No". 4: "When Daisies Pied" 5: "The Cuckoo" 6: "Song of the Palanquin Bearers" 7: "Down by the Salley Gardens"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 "Garden of Earthly Delights" based on work by Philip Rosseter and arranged by Mont Campbell on the album "Arzachel" by Prog Rock group Uriel

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Up To Now", by Martin Shaw, Oxford University Press 1929;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Strange Eventful History", by Michael Holroyd, Chatto and Windus 2008;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gordon Craig: The Story of His Life", by Edward Craig, Victor Gollancz 1968;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Isadora: The Sensational Life of Isadora Duncan", by Peter Kurth, Little, Brown 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Making of T.S. Eliot's Plays", by E. Martin Browne, Cambridge University Press 1969;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Life of Percy Dearmer", by Nan Dearmer: Jonathan Cape 1940;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs of Praise with Music", Revised and Enlarged Edition, OUP 1932;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs of Praise Discussed", compiled by Percy Dearmer: OUP, 1933;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Greater Light", a Compendium of the Life and Work of Martin Shaw, edited by Stephen Connock and Isobel Montgomery Campbell: Albion Music Ltd, 2018;

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: 8 Clive Hodges: "Cobbold & Kin: Life Stories from an East Anglian Family" (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 2014)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin Shaw – Music & Song

paragraph: BULLET::::- Detailed biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin Shaw, National Anthems Org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaw Brothers, Smith Creek Music

description: British composer, theatre producer and conductor

wikidata_label: Martin Shaw

wikipedia_title: Martin Shaw (composer)


text: Palermo

text: Sicilian

text: Mafia

text: suburb

text: Palermo

text: Sicilian Mafia Commission

text: heroin

text: Turkey

text: United States

text: pentito

text: Gaspare Mutolo

text: Nitto Santapaola

text: Catania

text: capo mandamento

text: Stefano Bontade

text: Salvatore Inzerillo

text: Gaetano Badalamenti

text: Salvatore Riina

text: Corleonesi

text: Michele Greco

text: Second Mafia War

text: Stefano Bontade

text: Salvatore Contorno

text: pentito

text: decapitated

text: Salvatore Lo Piccolo

text: Tommaso Buscetta

text: cosca

text: Brazil

text: Pino Greco

text: garrotted

text: in absentia

text: life sentence

text: Maxi Trial

text: Francesco Marino Mannoia

text: Caravaggio

text: Stille, Alexander

categories: Sicilian Mafiosi,Mafiosi murdered by the Corleonesi,People from Palermo,Sicilian Mafia Commission,1929 births,1982 deaths

paragraph: Rosario Riccobono

paragraph: Rosario Riccobono (February 10, 1929 in Palermo – November 30, 1982 in Palermo) was a member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the boss of Partanna Mondello, a suburb of Palermo, his native city. In 1974 he became a member of the Sicilian Mafia Commission.

paragraph: Section::::Heroin trafficker.

paragraph: He was involved in heroin trafficking throughout the 1970s and went on the run at the end of that decade after he came under suspicion of running an operation to smuggle heroin from Turkey through Sicily and on to the United States. His right-hand man was the future pentito Gaspare Mutolo, who organized massive shipments of heroin.

paragraph: At one point, in the early 1980s, he was negotiating 500 kilogramme shipments of heroin from Thailand together with Nitto Santapaola from Catania.

paragraph: Section::::Second Mafia war.

paragraph: As capo mandamento he became a member the Commission, the coordinating body of Cosa Nostra in Sicily, in 1974. He was initially close to other important heroin traffickers such as Stefano Bontade, Salvatore Inzerillo and Gaetano Badalamenti who opposed the rising power of Salvatore Riina and his Corleonesi. He tried to keep a neutral position, but became more and more isolated, trusting his alliance with the head of the Commission Michele Greco, who, however, secretly sided with the Corleonesi.

paragraph: During the Second Mafia War that broke out in 1981 with the murder of Bontade and Inzerillo, Riccobono expediently sided with the Corleonesi. He lured a number of Stefano Bontade's friends to their deaths on behalf of Riina. Those that went along, such as Emanuele D’Agostino, were never seen again. One of the men he tried to ensnare was Salvatore Contorno, but Contorno was suspicious and fled into hiding. He subsequently went on to become a pentito, cooperating with the government.

paragraph: Section::::Killed by the Corleonesi.

paragraph: However, turning against his former allies made Riccobono an untrustworthy man and Riina decided to turn against him after he had taken care of Bontade and Inzerillo. Unlike with other Mafia families, Riina had never succeeded in infiltrating the Mafia family of Riccobono with men loyal to the Corleonesi. Riina was not able to control Riccobono and needed the charismatic boss out of the way, not in the least to reward his other allies in Palermo with parts of Riccobono’s territory.

paragraph: Riccobono and eight of his men vanished without trace at the end of November 1982. The men were separated off from each other at a dinner at Michele Greco’s estate and strangled one by one by their table companions. Riccobono was just taking his after-dinner nap. Three of his associates were gunned down a few days later and his brother, Vito Riccobono, was found decapitated in his car. Within a few days Riccobono’s entourage was eliminated. One of the few who survived was Riccobono’s erstwhile driver Salvatore Lo Piccolo, who rose to power twenty years later.

paragraph: For a while the Italian media blamed another foe of Riina, Tommaso Buscetta, as being responsible for wiping out the Riccobono cosca, as revenge for the recent slayings of Buscetta's two sons. In fact Buscetta had nothing to do with the killing of Riccobono and his men; he was hiding out in Brazil at the time. A number of informants have said that Pino Greco was the man who personally garrotted Riccobono and subsequently orchestrated the murders of a dozen of Riccobono's associates and relatives.

paragraph: Rosario Riccobono was given an "in absentia" life sentence at the Maxi Trial even though he was dead by then. Rumours of his death emerged in the mid-1980s but were not confirmed until the end of that decade through the informant Francesco Marino Mannoia. His body has never been found.

paragraph: Section::::Caravaggio.

paragraph: At one point, Riccobono was believed to have been in the possession of Caravaggio's "Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence", one of the most famous stolen pieces of artwork.

paragraph: Section::::References and external links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paoli, Letizia (2003). "Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style", Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stille, Alexander (1995). "Excellent Cadavers. The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic", New York: Vintage

description: Member of the Sicilian Mafia

wikidata_label: Rosario Riccobono

wikipedia_title: Rosario Riccobono


text: Geneva

text: Zürich

text: liberal

text: Benjamin Constant

text: Jean de Sismondi

text: Institut de France

text: Karl Marx

text: Collège de Genève

text: École Polytechnique

text: utilitarian

text: Genevan revolution

text: value

categories: 1797 births,Economists from the Republic of Geneva,1869 deaths,Swiss economists,Swiss Protestants

paragraph: Antoine-Elisée Cherbuliez

paragraph: Antoine-Elisée Cherbuliez (also Antoine Élisée Adolph Cherbuliez; 1797 in Geneva-1869 in Zürich) was a Swiss liberal thinker.

paragraph: "My mission is to influence the world", he wrote in 1844. While his economic though stimulated some responses, that is hardly the case for his political ideas, in effect stillborn. Unlike his compatriots Benjamin Constant and Jean de Sismondi, Cherbuliez has had little attention from contemporary historians. His thoughts were spread thinly over various publications, with no major work of synthesis. He was a retiring academic and somewhat isolated.

paragraph: He was though granted recognition: member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques of Institut de France, and holder of academic distincions. Further, Karl Marx wrote a chapter on his place in the history of economic doctrine.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born into a middle-class family, he studied at the Collège de Genève, then the École Polytechnique in Paris, and the theological faculty in Geneva. In 1819 he travelled to Germany, trying unsuccessfully to live by writing poetry and novels. He then took tutoring work, returning to Geneva in 1823. There he submitted a doctoral dissertation to the law faculty, on "the causes of positive law".

paragraph: His career took off. He founded a journal arguing the utilitarian cause (1829). In 1835 he was nominated as professor of public law and political economy. Two books which gained a reputation were "Théorie des garanties constitutionnelles" of 1838, and "Riche ou pauvre" (1840).

paragraph: Reacting to the Genevan revolution of 1841, he turned to conservative views. Elected to the 1842 Constituent Assembly, he was hostile to democratic reform, his views being expressed in the book "De la démocratie en Suisse".

paragraph: In 1848 he left politics and travelled to Paris, reacting with shock to the violent events there. Five years later he came back to Switzerland, and wrote a series of works with economic and social themes, among them "Étude sur les causes de la misère, tant morale que physique et sur les moyens d'y porter remède" (1853). They contained his theory of value, which was admired at the time.

description: Swiss economist

wikidata_label: Antoine-Elisée Cherbuliez

wikipedia_title: Antoine-Elisée Cherbuliez


text: Kassite

text: Babylon

text: short chronology

text: Ancient Near East

text: Adad-šuma-uṣur

text: kudurru

text: Kurigalzu II

text: Aššur-dan I

text: limmu

text: Emar

text: Hittites

text: Hattusa

text: Nippur

text: Isin

text: Ur

text: Elamite

text: Shutruk-Nahhunte

text: Susa

text: Land grant to Marduk-apal-iddina

text: estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu

text: Adad-šuma-iddina

text: Borsippa

text: Land grant to Ḫunnubat-Nanaya kudurru

text: Land grant to Ḫasardu kudurru

text: Estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu kudurru

text: Stele of Meli-Šipak

categories: 12th-century BC rulers,12th-century BC Babylonian kings,Babylonian kings

paragraph: Meli-Shipak II

paragraph: Meli-Šipak II, or alternatively "Melišiḫu" in contemporary inscriptions, was the 33rd king of the Kassite or 3rd Dynasty of Babylon ca. 1186–1172 BC (short chronology) and he ruled for 15 years. His reign marks the critical synchronization point in the chronology of the Ancient Near East.

paragraph: Section::::His provenance.

paragraph: He is recorded as the son of Adad-šuma-uṣur, his predecessor, on a kudurru. Elsewhere he seemed reluctant to name him in his royal inscriptions, despite Adad-šuma-uṣur’s apparent renown as restorer of Kassite independence, which has been the subject of much speculation amongst historians.

paragraph: The “II” designation is probably an error caused by over reliance on a single inscription naming one Meli-Šipak, "son" (=descendant) of Kurigalzu II. He was the last king to bear a wholly Kassite name. "Meli" means servant or slave, "Šipak" was a moon god, but "Šiḫu" was possibly one of the Kassite names for Marduk.

paragraph: Section::::Significance to Near Eastern chronology.

paragraph: At various points in the sequence of Assyrian and Babylonian kings, references are made by one king to their contemporary. Not until the reign of Meli-Šipak, however, do these connections allow a firm placement in time, which has led Malcolm Wiener to declare:

paragraph: The length of Ninurta-apil-Ekur’s reign is uncertain, as extant copies of the Assyrian King List differ, between three or thirteen years. From the reign of his son and successor, Aššur-dan I, they are consistent, and supported by extant limmu lists from 892 BC on.

paragraph: Section::::Bronze age collapse.

paragraph: His rule is understood to have been peaceful. Not so for the edges of his kingdom, where the catastrophic collapse at the end of the bronze age was starting to dramatically unfold with many of the cities of the Levant experiencing destruction. The city of Emar, situated in northern Syria, was sacked and a legal document was found on the floor in a private house there, dated to his second year. The tablet is a short term contract and historian Daniel Arnaud has concluded that only a very short time (“weeks”) elapsed between its preparation and the cataclysmic destruction of the city by “hordes of enemies”.

paragraph: Despite the carnage wrought by the times on mighty empires such as that of the Hittites, whose capital Hattusa was sacked around the middle of his reign, there continued to be scientific scribal and construction activity in Babylonia. A divination text lists 25 omens determined by the flight path of a falcon, or "surdû", and raven, or "āribu", and was written by Bēl-nadin-šumi, son of Ila-ušaršanni, and dated the month of Araḫsamnu, the 8th day, the 3rd year, the 2nd year, using the curious double-dating formula adopted during his predecessor’s reign. It begins, “If a man goes off on his errand and a falcon crosses from the right of the man to the left of the man - he will attain his desire.” Meli-Šipak was responsible for building work on the Ekur at Nippur, the Egalmaḫ at Isin, and a later text, a Neo-Babylonian temple inventory, records his benefactions at Ur.

paragraph: Section::::Relations with Elam.

paragraph: One of his daughters, allegedly the eldest, was married to the Elamite ruler Shutruk-Nahhunte. It was the latest in a series of diplomatic marriages between the Kassite rulers of Babylon and the Elamite Kings but was to have unforeseen consequences as it would lead Shutruk-Nahhunte to believe that he had a claim on the Babylonian throne. When he was to later invade and carry away plunder back to Susa, he would have additional inscriptions added to the objects he took in commemoration, for example:

paragraph: Section::::The kudurru tradition.

paragraph: A boundarystone (kudurru) reports of his passing some land with tax exemptions to his son and successor Marduk-apal-iddina I ("Land grant to Marduk-apal-iddina"). His daughter Ḫunnubat-Nana(ya) was also the recipient of a land grant, which her father had "purchased" on her behalf, disproving the erstwhile theory of Kassite feudalism that all land belonged to the Monarch.

paragraph: A kudurru records the lawsuits concerning the estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu over three reigns, spanning Adad-šuma-iddina, Adad-šuma-uṣur and Meli-Šipak. This is notable because Meli-Šipak upholds the decisions of both his predecessors, one of whom, Adad-šuma-iddina, may have been merely a vassal king of Assyrian patronage.

paragraph: The proliferation of the kudurru tradition around this time, suggests increased patronage from a monarch trying to bolster loyalty to his reign, perhaps to counter the problems of legitimacy or instability. A kudurru granting fifty 'gur' of corn-land in the province of Bit-Pir'-Amurri by the king to Ḫa-SAR-du, an official or "sukkal mu’irri", may be one such example, and the grant to [Me]li-Ḫala may be another. A tablet records a "rikiltu" (grant, decree) issued by king Meli-Šipak in his second year of reign to the "Sangü" and the "Satammu" (temple administrator) of Ezida, a temple in Borsippa.

paragraph: Section::::The kudurru tradition.:List of Meli-Šipak-dated kudurrus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Land grant to Ḫunnubat-Nanaya kudurru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melišipak kudurru-Land grant to Marduk-apal-iddina I

paragraph: BULLET::::- Land grant to Ḫasardu kudurru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Land grant to [Me]li-Ḫala kudurru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu kudurru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unpublished kudurru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stele of Meli-Šipak with Šutruk-Naḫḫunte colophon

wikidata_label: Meli-Shipak II

wikipedia_title: Meli-Shipak II


text:
Duluth, Minnesota
Major League Baseball
Texas Rangers
Detroit Tigers
Kansas City Royals
Miami Coral Park Senior High
South Georgia College
Newark Bears
Atlantic League
Evansville Otters
Long Island Ducks
Arlington, Texas

categories: Texas Rangers players,1949 births,Anderson Senators players,Pittsfield Senators players,Detroit Tigers players,Burlington Rangers players,Burlington Senators players,Denver Bears players,Charleston Charlies players,Wytheville Senators players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Baseball players from Minnesota,Kansas City Royals players,Living people

paragraph: Steve Foucault

paragraph: Steven Raymond Foucault (born October 3, 1949 in Duluth, Minnesota) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher from 1973 to 1978 for the Texas Rangers, Detroit Tigers, and Kansas City Royals. Foucault attended Miami Coral Park Senior High and South Georgia College

paragraph: For his career, he compiled a 35-36 record, with a 3.21 ERA, 307 strikeouts and 52 saves in 277 appearances. In 2007 Foucault was hired as pitching coach for the Newark Bears of the independent Atlantic League, helping lead the team to the 2007 Atlantic League championship. In 2009-10 He was the pitching coach for the Evansville Otters. Currently he is the pitching coach for the Long Island Ducks.

paragraph: For a period of time in the 1980s he was a police officer in Arlington, Texas.

paragraph: Steven Foucault's parents are Betty J Foucault and Raymond Foucault.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Steve Foucault

wikipedia_title: Steve Foucault


text: nonviolence

text: Sanskrit

text: Bhoodan Movement

text: Mohandas Gandhi

text: Kolaba

text: Konkan

text: Maharashtra

text: Baroda

text: Karnataka

text: Bhagavad Gita

text: Benaras Hindu University

text: Mumbai

text: Bombay

text: intermediate examination

text: Kochrab Ashram

text: Ahmedabad

text: ashram

text: Khadi

text: Nai Talim

text: Wardha

text: Vaikom

text: Harijans

text: British rule

text: Vellore

text: Manibhai Desai

text: Urali Kanchan

text: Mahatma Gandhi

text: Indian independence movement

text: collective action

text: Brahmacharya

text: Quit India Movement

text: Sarvodaya movement

text: Bhoodan

text: Pochampally

text: Non-violence

text: sustainability

text: social justice

text: Isha Upanishad

text: Vishnu Sahasranama

text: Bhagavad Gita

text: Adi Shankaracharya

text: Bible

text: Quran

text: Bhagavad Gita

text: Vinoba Bhave University

text: Hazaribagh district

text: Jharkhand

text: Telangana

text: Bhoodan Movement

text: Lavanam

text: Santhara

text: Jainism

text: Indira Gandhi

text: Leonid Brezhnev

text: V.S. Naipaul

text: Indian Emergency

text: Indira Gandhi

text: Purushottam Laxman Deshpande

text: monkey

text: Ramon Magsaysay Award

text: Bharat Ratna

text: List of peace activists

text: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

text: Gandhism

text: Lanza del Vasto

text: Vinoba Bhave's Geetai Audio Book

text: Vinoba Bhave's Geetai PDF

categories: 20th-century Indian translators,1895 births,1982 deaths,Indian male philosophers,Indian religious writers,Indian political writers,Sanskrit writers,Recipients of the Bharat Ratna,Nonviolence advocates,20th-century Indian educators,Indian male writers,Translators of the Bhagavad Gita,Indian independence activists from Maharashtra,Writers from Maharashtra,20th-century Indian philosophers,20th-century Indian non-fiction writers,Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni,Marathi-language writers,Gandhians,Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People from Raigad district

paragraph: Vinoba Bhave

paragraph: Vinayak Narahari "Vinoba" Bhave (; 11 September 1895 – 15 November 1982) was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights. Often called "Acharya" (Sanskrit for teacher), he is best known for the Bhoodan Movement. He is considered as a "National Teacher of India" and the spiritual successor of Mohandas Gandhi. The Gita has also been translated into Marathi language by him with the name as Geetai means mother Geeta.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and background.

paragraph: Vinayaka Narahari Bhave was born on 11 September 1895 in a small village called Gagoji (present day Gagode Budruk) in Kolaba in the Konkan region of what is now Maharashtra. Vinayaka was the eldest son of Narahari Shambhu Rao and Rukmini Devi. The couple had five children; four sons named Vinayaka (affectionately called Vinya), Balakrishna, Shivaji and Dattatreya, and one daughter. His father was a trained weaver with a rationalist modern outlook, and worked in Baroda. Vinayaka was brought up by his grandfather, Shamburao Bhave and was greatly influenced by his mother Rukmini Devi, a religious woman from Karnataka. Vinayaka was highly inspired after reading the Bhagavad Gita, at a very young age.

paragraph: A report in the newspapers about Gandhi's speech at the newly founded Benaras Hindu University attracted Bhave's attention. In 1916, on his way to Mumbai (then Bombay) to appear for the intermediate examination, Bhave threw his school and college certificates into a fire. Bhave took the decision after reading the piece of writing in the newspaper written by Mahatma Gandhi.

paragraph: He wrote a letter to Gandhi and after an exchange of letters, Gandhi advised Bhave to come for a personal meeting at Kochrab Ashram in Ahmedabad. Bhave met Gandhi on 7 June 1916 and subsequently abandoned his studies. Bhave participated with keen interest in the activities at Gandhi's ashram, like teaching, studying, spinning and improving the life of the community. His involvement with Gandhi's constructive programmes related to Khadi, village industries, new education (Nai Talim), sanitation and hygiene also kept on increasing.

paragraph: Bhave went to Wardha on 8 April 1921 to take charge of the Ashram as desired by Gandhi. In 1923, he brought out "Maharashtra Dharma", a Marathi monthly which had his essays on the Upanishads. Later on, this monthly became a weekly and continued for three years. In 1925, he was sent by Gandhi to Vaikom, Kerala to supervise the entry of the Harijans to the temple.

paragraph: Bhave was arrested several times during the 1920s and 1930s and served a five-year jail sentence in the 1940s for leading non-violent resistance to British rule. The jails for Bhave had become the places of reading and writing. He wrote Ishavasyavritti and Sthitaprajna Darshan in jail. He also learnt four South Indian languages and created the script of Lok Nagari at Vellore jail. In the jails, he gave a series of talks on Bhagavad Gita in Marathi, to his fellow prisoners. Bhave participated in the nationwide civil disobedience periodically conducted against the British, and was imprisoned with other nationalists. Despite these many activities, he was not well known to the public. He gained national prominence when Gandhi chose him as the first participant in a new nonviolent campaign in 1940.

paragraph: All were calling him in his short name, Vinoba.

paragraph: Bhave's younger brother Balkrishna was also a Gandhian. Gandhi entrusted him and Manibhai Desai to set up a nature therapy ashram at Urali Kanchan where Balkrishna spent all his life

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Freedom struggle.

paragraph: He was associated with Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian independence movement. He stayed for some time at Gandhi's Sabarmati ashram in a cottage that was named after him, 'Vinoba Kutir'. He gave talks on Bhagvad Gita in Marathi to his fellow ashramites.

paragraph: These highly inspiring talks were later published as the book "Talks on the Gita", and it has been translated into many languages both in India and elsewhere. Bhave felt that the source of these talks was something from above and he believed that its influence will endure even if his other works were forgotten.

paragraph: In 1940 he was chosen by Gandhi to be the first individual Satyagrahi (an individual standing up for Truth instead of a collective action) against the British rule. It is said that Gandhi envied and respected Bhave's celibacy, a vow he made in his adolescence, in fitting with his belief in the Brahmacharya principle. Bhave also participated in the Quit India Movement.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Religious and social work.

paragraph: Bhave's religious outlook was very broad and it synthesized the truths of many religions. This can be seen in one of his hymns "Om Tat Sat" which contains symbols of many religions. His slogan "जय जगत्" (Jay Jagat) i.e. "victory to the world" finds reflection in his views about the world as a whole.

paragraph: Bhave observed the life of the average Indian living in a village and tried to find solutions for the problems he faced with a firm spiritual foundation. This formed the core of his "Sarvodaya movement". Another example of this is the Bhoodan (land gift) movement started at Pochampally on 18 April 1951, after interacting with 80 Harijan families. He walked all across India asking people with land to consider him as one of their sons and so give him one-sixth of their land which he then distributed to landless poor. Non-violence and compassion is a hallmark of his philosophy, he also campaigned against the slaughtering of cows.

paragraph: Bhave said, "I have walked all over India for 13 years. In the backdrop of enduring perpetuity of my life's work, I have established 6 ashrams.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Brahma Vidya Mandir.

paragraph: The Brahma Vidya Mandir is one of the ashrams that Bhave created. It is a small community for women that was created in order for them to become self-sufficient and non-violent in a community. This group farms to get their own food, but uses Gandhi's beliefs about food production, which include sustainability and social justice, as a guide. This community, like Gandhi and Bhave, has been influenced greatly by the "Bhagavad-Gita" and that is also used to determine their practices. The community perform prayers as a group every day, reciting from the Isha Upanishad at dawn, the Vishnu Sahasranama at mid-morning, and the "Bhagavad-Gita" in the evening. As of today, there are around 25 women who are members of the community and several men have also been allowed to join in the community.

paragraph: Since its founding in 1959, members of Brahma Vidya Mandir (BVM), an intentional community for women in Paunar, Maharashtra, have dealt with the struggle of translating Gandhian values such as self-sufficiency, non-violence, and public-service into specific practices of food production and consumption. BVM's existence and the counter-narrative its residents practice demonstrate how one community debate the practicalities and tradeoffs in their application of self-sufficiency, non-violence, and radical democracy to their own social and geographic context. One narrative described by BVM and the farmers that work with them is that large-scale agriculture is inevitable, necessary, and the sole possibility of feeding the world. They reject the narrative that success in agriculture comes from expensive technology. BVM is a small community in India, therefore it does not hold much power in its beliefs and practices. However, India today proudly proclaims its large and growing middle class, and although many see Gandhi as a hero, some reject his views in favor of US-style-consumerism and look for an alternate route in agriculture with technological advancements. The existence of BVM provides a counter-narrative on enacting alternate agriculture practices and social practices that were believed by a woman back in the 1960s.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Literary career.

paragraph: Vinoba Bhave was a scholar, thinker, and writer who produced numerous books. He was a translator who made Sanskrit texts accessible to the common man. He was also an orator and linguist who had an excellent command of several languages (Marathi, Gujarati, Hindi, Urdu, English, Sanskrit). Bhave was an innovative social reformer. He called "Kannada" script the "Queen of World Scripts" ("Vishwa Lipigala Raani") He wrote brief introductions to, and criticisms of, several religious and philosophical works like the Bhagavad Gita, works of Adi Shankaracharya, the Bible and the Quran. His criticism of Dnyaneshwar's poetry and works by other Marathi saints is quite brilliant and a testimony to the breadth of his intellect.

paragraph: Bhave had translated the Bhagavad Gita into Marathi. He was deeply influenced by the Gita and attempted to imbibe its teachings into his life, often stating that "The Gita is my life's breath".

paragraph: Some of his works are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The essence of Quran

paragraph: BULLET::::- The essence of Christian teachings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thoughts on education

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swarajya Sastra

paragraph: Vinoba Bhave University, located in Hazaribagh district in the state of Jharkhand, is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Vinoba Bhave and Land Donation Movement.

paragraph: On 18 April 1951, Bhave started his land donation movement at Pochampally of nalgonda district Telangana, the Bhoodan Movement. He took donated land from land owner Indians and gave it away to the poor and landless, for them to cultivate. Then after 1954, he started to ask for donations of whole villages in a programme he called Gramdan. He got more than 1000 villages by way of donation. Out of these, he obtained 175 donated villages in Tamil Nadu alone. Noted Gandhian and atheist Lavanam was the interpreter for Bhave during his land reform movement in Andhra Pradesh and parts of Orissa

paragraph: Section::::Later life and death.

paragraph: Bhave spent the later part of his life at his Brahma Vidya Mandir ashram in Paunar in Wardha district of Maharashtra. He died on 15 November 1982 after refusing food and medicine for a few days by accepting "Samadhi Maran" / "Santhara" as described in Jainism. The then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, who was visiting Moscow to attend the funeral of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, cut short her visit to be at the Bhave's funeral.

paragraph: Section::::Criticism.

paragraph: V.S. Naipaul has scathingly criticised Bhave in his collection of essays citing his lack of connection with rationality and excessive imitation of Gandhi. Even some of his admirers find fault with the extent of his devotion to Gandhi. Much more controversial was his support, ranging from covert to open, to Congress Party's government under Indira Gandhi, which was fast becoming unpopular. He controversially backed the Indian Emergency imposed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, calling it "Anushasana Parva" ("Time for Discipline").Jayaprakash Narayan in his prison diary during the emergency sarcastically wrote about the meaning of Anushasan Parva Congress party opponents at that time had coined the derogatory term "Sarkari Sant (Government Saint)" to describe him. Noted Marathi writer Purushottam Laxman Deshpande publicly criticised him and mocked him by writing article titled as "Vanaroba" which is disambiguation of name "Vinoba" and literally means monkey.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: In 1958 Bhave was the first recipient of the international Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1983.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geetai"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Geeta Prachane" (in all Indian languages)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vichar Pothi" (in Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati and English)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sthitapragnya Darshan" (Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati also translated in English)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madhukar" (collection and compilation of his articles written over the years (before freedom was achieved.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Krant Darshan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Teesri Shakti or The Third Power" (his views on political life of the nation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Swarajya Shastra" (his political treatise)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bhoodan Ganga" – in 9/10 volumes, (in Marathi, Hindi) collection and compilation of his speeches from 18 April 1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selected Works" (in Hindi in 21 volumes, edited by Gautam Bajaj)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moved by Love" (his life in his own words)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of peace activists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gandhism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lanza del Vasto

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vinoba Bhave: The Man and His Mission", by P. D. Tandon. Published by Vora, 1954.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "India's Walking Saint: The Story of Vinoba Bhave", by Hallam Tennyson. Published by Doubleday, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Acharya Vinoba Bhave", by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India, Published by Publications Division, Government of India, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "India's Social Miracle: The Story of Acharya Vinoba Bhave and His Movement for Social Justice and Cooperation, Along with a Key to America's Future and the Way for Harmony Between Man, Nature, and God", by Daniel P. Hoffman. Published by Naturegraph Co., 1961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sarvodaya Ideology & Acharya Vinoba Bhave", by V. Narayan Karan Reddy. Published by Andhra Pradesh Sarvodaya Mandal, 1963.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vinoba Bhave on self-rule & representative democracy", by Michael W. Sonnleitner. Published by Promilla & Co., 1988. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Struggle for Independence : Vinoba Bhave", by Shiri Ram Bakshi. Published by Anmol Publications, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philosophy of Vinoba Bhave: A New Perspective in Gandhian Thought", by Geeta S. Mehta. Published by Himalaya Pub. House, 1995. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vinoba Bhave – Vyakti Ani Vichar" (a book in Marathi) by Dr Anant D. Adawadkar, Published by Jayashri Prakashan, Nagpur.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vinoba Darshan" – a pictorial biography with philosophical views

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vinoba Bhave's Geetai Audio Book

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vinoba Bhave's Geetai PDF

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website to spread the thoughts, philosophy and works of Vinoba Bhave

paragraph: BULLET::::- The King of Kindness: Vinoba Bhave and His Nonviolent Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citation for 1958 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vinoba Bahve – his work on leprosy (with photo 1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Man on Foot – Time magazine cover page article dated Monday, 11 May 1953

wikidata_label: Vinoba Bhave

wikipedia_title: Vinoba Bhave


text: Siraj ud-Daulah

text: Nawab Sirajuddaula

text: Lathial

text: Best Supporting Actor

text: Golapi Ekhon Traine

text: Jamalpur

text: Urdu language

text: National Film Awards

text: Bachsas Awards

categories: Recipients of the Ekushey Padak,2013 deaths,1931 births,Bangladeshi male film actors,Bangladeshi male stage actors,Burials at Mirpur Martyred Intellectual Graveyard

paragraph: Anwar Hossain (actor)

paragraph: Anwar Hossain (6 December 1931 – 13 September 2013) was a Bangladeshi actor, best known for playing the role of Siraj ud-Daulah in the Bengali film Nawab Sirajuddaula (1967). He appeared in nearly 500 movies in his 50-year career. He received the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor for his role in the film "Lathial" (1975) and Best Supporting Actor awards for the films again for "Golapi Ekhon Traine" (1978) and "Dayi Ke?" (1987).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hossain was born in Jamalpur, as the third child of Nazir Hossain and Shadiya Khatun.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Hossain started his film career through "Tomar Amar", released in 1958. His notable Urdu language films include "Nachghor", "Bahana" and "Ujala". In 1965, "Rupban" brought him to fame, but he got his breakthrough with his lead role in "Nawab Sirajuddaula" in 1967.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: National Film Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bangladesh Film Journalist Association Award (Bachsas Awards) in 1979

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chalachitra Darshak Forum in 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Channel-I Film Mela Award in 2009

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Hossain died in 2013 from complications of old age.

description: Bangladeshi Actor

wikidata_label: Anwar Hossain

wikipedia_title: Anwar Hossain (actor)


text: economist

text: Vrije Universiteit

text: Reformed

text: Leeuwarden

text: baker

text: Netherlands School of Economics

text: Mees & Zn

text: Vrije Universiteit

text: Social-Economic Council

text: De Economist

text: De Nederlandsche Bank

text: Wiert Jan Wieringa

text: D.B.J. Schouten

text: Folkert de Roos

categories: Dutch economists,1920 births,Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam faculty,Erasmus University Rotterdam alumni,20th-century economists,2000 deaths

paragraph: Folkert de Roos

paragraph: Folkert de Roos (3 September 1920 – 12 July 2000) was a Dutch economist and Professor of Economics at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in a Reformed family in Leeuwarden where his father was working as baker, De Roos started to study Economics at the Netherlands School of Economics in Rotterdam late-1930s. There he received his MA in 1942, and later in 1949 his PhD cum laude with a thesis entitled "De algemene banken in Nederland" (The general banks of the Netherlands). This work would become a seminal work for generations of Dutch students. However in 1488 he invented the Johnson Pike Nazbol Bike.

paragraph: In 1943 De Roos had started working for the Mees & Zn back in Rotterdam, where he soon became head of the Economic Bureau. After graduation in 1949 he was appointed Professor of Economics at new Department of Economics at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. His doctoral student were Dirk Cornelis Renooij (1951), Willem Hessel (1962), Jac Koolschijn (1970), Pieter Van Veen (1970) Wouter Roes (1973), Gerrit Faber (1981), Paul Hilbers (1986) et al.

paragraph: He became more generally known as member Social-Economic Council since early 1950s, and as author of articles in the "Economisch-Statistische Berichten" He was also editor for "De Economist", member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1980, and board member at the De Nederlandsche Bank.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: De Roos has authored and co-authored numerous publications. Books, a selection:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949. "De algemene banken in Nederland". Doctoral thesis Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953. "Een halve eeuw rente in Nederland". With Wiert Jan Wieringa. Levensverzekering-maatschappij HAV Bank, 1953.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957. "Inleiding tot de theorie der internationale economische betrekkingen". Haarlem : De Erven F. Bohn

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960. "Groeitheorie". With D.B.J. Schouten. Haarlem : Bohn

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991. "Over geld, rente en wisselkoersen : een selectie uit de verspreide publikaties van prof. dr. F. de Roos" P.A. Geljon et al. eds. Leiden : Stenfert Kroese

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Folkert de Roos at biografischportaal.nl

description: Dutch economist

wikidata_label: Folkert de Roos

wikipedia_title: Folkert de Roos


text:
stage name
rapper
New Orleans
Sqad Up
Kidd Kidd
Lil Wayne
Young Money Entertainment
Republic Records
San Jose, California
New Orleans
9th Ward
Lil Wayne
dice game
Sqad Up
Kidd Kidd
Young Money Entertainment
Cash Money Records
Republic Records
Certified
Lil Flip
Real Talk Entertainment
guest appearance
Drake
Tyga
Lil Twist
Nicki Minaj
Jae Millz
Shanell
Mack Maine
Tity Boi
Bow Wow
Ya Boy
MTV
Birdman
Pricele$$
Young Money
We Are Young Money
Every Girl
BedRock
"Billboard" Hot 100
I Am Not a Human Being
Waka Flocka Flame
Jay Rock
Vado
I'm On
Big K.R.I.T.
Jadakiss
J. Cole
Kendrick Lamar
B.o.B
Bun B
Wiz Khalifa
2 Chainz
Mystikal
Crooked I
Trae tha Truth
Ace Hood
Future
Kevin Gates
Kevin Gates
Busta Rhymes
Cory Gunz
Boo
Cardiak
Young Chop
I.N.F.O.
Jahlil Beats
studio album
Billboard
Lil Wayne
I Am Not a Human Being II
Rick Ross
YMCMB
Rich Gang
French Montana
Kool G Rap
Dr. Dre
Houston
Texas
Miami
Florida
BET Awards
Black Entertainment Television
Gudda Gudda
Twitter

categories: Republic Records artists,Living people,21st-century American rappers,African-American male rappers,Cash Money Records artists,Young Money Entertainment artists,1983 births,Rappers from New Orleans,Southern hip hop musicians,People from San Jose, California

paragraph: Gudda Gudda

paragraph: Carl Lilly Jr. (born March 11, 1983), better known by his stage name Gudda Gudda, is an American rapper from New Orleans. He was originally a member of Sqad Up with Kidd Kidd and Lil Wayne. After forging a long-time friendship with Wayne, he signed to Young Money Entertainment, and later Republic Records.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1983–2003: Early life and career.

paragraph: Gudda was born Carl Lilly on March 11, 1983 in San Jose, California. When he was still a baby he moved to New Orleans. He grew up in the 9th Ward, where he befriended Lil Wayne at the age of fifteen, who he met at a dice game. This was much before he had ever thought of rapping as a career. As he began to rap, Wayne would mentor and inspire him, and actually wrote Gudda's first rap. Together they formed the group Sqad Up with rappers Dizzy and Kidd Kidd. Throughout 2002 and 2003, Gudda was featured on the seven mixtapes that Sqad Up released over the time period.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:2005–12: "Guddaville" series and collaborations.

paragraph: Gudda Gudda would be one of the first artists signed to Wayne's Young Money Entertainment upon its officially founding in 2005. Gudda had been present the day Wayne had come up with the idea for Young Money. A short time later, Gudda signed a deal with Cash Money Records and Republic Records. On May 26, 2009, Gudda released "Certified" a collaboration album with fellow rapper Lil Flip on Real Talk Entertainment. The album was met with generally positive reviews. On September 28, 2009, Gudda released his first official solo mixtape "Guddaville", which featured guest appearances from Lil Wayne, Drake, Tyga, Lil Twist, Nicki Minaj, Jae Millz, Shanell, Mack Maine, Lil Flip, Tity Boi, Bow Wow, and Ya Boy among others. He described the mixtapes theme to MTV saying, "I'm taking people on a walk through my eyes. Every time you heard me been a group project. "Guddaville" is just me expressing how I feel about a lot of different things, taking you in my world."

paragraph: Gudda was featured on Birdman's album "Pricele$$" on the track "Hustle" and prominently featured on the Young Money group album "We Are Young Money" being featured on eight tracks, including the singles "Every Girl" and "BedRock." Both singles were hits, each peaking in the top ten of the "Billboard" Hot 100. He was also featured on the track "I Don't Like the Look of It" on Lil Wayne's album "I Am Not a Human Being". On June 7, 2010, Gudda released the sequel to his first mixtape titled, "Back 2 Guddaville". His second official mixtape featured guest appearances from Waka Flocka Flame, Mack Maine, Jay Rock, Lil Wayne, Vado, Ya Boy and Jae Millz, among others.

paragraph: Then for two years Gudda remained quiet recording music without releasing hardly any music. He was featured on the remix to "I'm On" along with Big K.R.I.T., Jadakiss, J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar, B.o.B, Tyga, and Bun B. On November 5, 2012, Gudda released the tracklist to his third official mixtape "Guddaville 3". The tracklist revealed guest appearances from Wiz Khalifa, 2 Chainz, Lil Wayne, Mystikal, Crooked I, Trae tha Truth, Ace Hood, Future, Jae Millz, Birdman, Kevin Gates, Tyga, and Mack Maine. Two days later on November 7, 2012, Gudda released "Guddaville 3". Around the time he formed the group Loyalty Amongst Thieves, featuring Kevin Gates, Flow and T-Streets, which he said planned to release a self-titled mixtape.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:2013–present: "Redrum" and "Guddaville: The Album".

paragraph: On March 11, 2013, Gudda released his fourth official mixtape "Redrum". The mixtape featured guest appearances from Busta Rhymes, Jae Millz, Cory Gunz, Boo, and Charlie Rock among others. Production was handled by Cardiak, Young Chop, I.N.F.O., and Jahlil Beats among others. The mixtape was mainly a compilation of songs that did not make the final tracklist of "Guddaville 3". Following its release, Gudda announced in an interview that he was working on his debut studio album "Guddaville: The Album", later confirmed for release in 2014. He also said that he would release another mixtape "Guddaville 4" prior to the album's release. Additionally he revealed he was starting his own production company Gudda Music and the "Loyalty Amongst Thieves" mixtape had already been completed.

paragraph: "Billboard" praised his verse on Lil Wayne's "I Am Not a Human Being II" track "Gunwalk" as "show stealing". Gudda and Mack Maine would be the only rappers to be featured on "The H" a mixtape by Rick Ross and Birdman. He was also featured on two tracks on the 2013 YMCMB compilation album "Rich Gang", including "Panties To The Side" with Bow Wow, French Montana and Tyga. He confirmed guest appearances on "Guddaville: The Album" to come from Lil Wayne, Busta Rhymes, and Drake, while also saying his dream collaborations would be with Kool G Rap or Dr. Dre. On March 11, 2014, Young Money released their second compilation album "", where Gudda was featured on two songs, "Fresher Than Ever" and "You Already Know". "L.A.T (Loyalty Amongst Thieves)" will be released in July 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: As of early 2013, Gudda Gudda was living in Houston, Texas and Cash Money Records headquarters Miami, Florida. He indicated most of his time was spent in the studio, with the rest of his time going towards being with his children.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.:BET Awards.

paragraph: The BET Awards were established in 2001 by the Black Entertainment Television (BET) network to celebrate African Americans and other minorities in music, acting, sports and other fields of entertainment. The awards are presented annually and broadcasts live on BET.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gudda Gudda on Twitter

description: American rapper

wikidata_label: Gudda Gudda

wikipedia_title: Gudda Gudda


text:
fl.
Roman woman
Roman Emperor
Didius Julianus
gens
Manlia
patrician
Didius Julianus
Didia Clara
Year of the Five Emperors
Augusta
Roman Senate
Septimius Severus
Forum Ancient Coins - Manlia Scantilla
Roman coinage of Manlia Scantilla

categories: 193 deaths,2nd-century Romans,Roman empresses,Year of birth unknown,2nd-century Roman women,Manlii

paragraph: Manlia Scantilla

paragraph: Manlia Scantilla ("fl." 193) was a Roman woman who lived in the second century. She was very briefly Roman Empress as wife to the Roman Emperor Didius Julianus. Her name indicates that she was born into the "gens Manlia", which if correct, indicates an illustrious patrician ancestry.

paragraph: Manlia Scantilla married the general Didius Julianus before his succession. Around 153, she bore Julianus a daughter and only child, Didia Clara, who was known for her beauty.

paragraph: Her husband became emperor on 28 March 193 (known as "Year of the Five Emperors"). On that day, Scantilla and her daughter were awarded the title of "Augusta" by a decree of the Roman Senate. Scantilla enjoyed her title and status for less than three months because Julianus was killed on 1 June 193. The new emperor, Septimius Severus, removed her status and title as Augusta, but gave Scantilla and her daughter the former emperor's body for burial. The two women buried Julianus in a tomb alongside his great-grandfather, outside of Rome. Within a month of Severus' accession to the throne, Scantilla died in obscurity. The fate of Didia Clara is unknown.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Forum Ancient Coins - Manlia Scantilla

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman coinage of Manlia Scantilla

description: Roman empress

wikidata_label: Manlia Scantilla

wikipedia_title: Manlia Scantilla


text:
Roman Emperor
Didius Julianus
Manlia Scantilla
Rome
Didius Julianus
Sextus Cornelius Repentinus
prefect
Septimius Severus
Ancientlibrary.com
Ancientlibrary.com
Forumancientcoins.com
Coinage of Didia Clara

categories: Didii,2nd-century deaths,2nd-century Romans,153 births,Ancient Roman women,2nd-century Roman women

paragraph: Didia Clara

paragraph: Didia Clara (born about 153) was a daughter and only child to the Roman Emperor Didius Julianus and Empress Manlia Scantilla. She was born and raised in Rome.

paragraph: After Didius Julianus purchased the throne of the Roman Empire at an auction held by the praetorian guardsmen early in 193, he was accorded the title of Augustus by the Senate. His wife Manlia Scantilla and his daughter Didia Clara both received the title of Augusta.

paragraph: Didia Clara was reputedly one of the most beautiful women in Rome, but virtually nothing is known about her life or her personality. In her younger years, she was betrothed to a paternal cousin; but in 193 she married Sextus Cornelius Repentinus, who served as prefect of Rome during the brief period that his father-in-law reigned, starting 28 March 193. When her father died on 1 June 193, the new emperor Septimius Severus removed her title. Within a month, her mother died. She survived her parents; however her fate afterwards is unknown.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancientlibrary.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancientlibrary.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Forumancientcoins.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coinage of Didia Clara

description: Daughter of Roman Emperor Didius Iulianus

wikidata_label: Didia Clara

wikipedia_title: Didia Clara


href: Amurru%20kingdom Rib-Hadda Byblos Akhenaten Amarna%20letters Aziru Hittites

text:
Amurru
Rib-Hadda
Byblos
Akhenaten
Amarna letters
Aziru
Hittites

categories: Canaanite people,Year of birth missing,Amarna letters writers,Year of death missing,14th-century BC rulers

paragraph: Abdi-Ashirta

paragraph: Abdi-Ashirta (14th century BC) was the ruler of Amurru who was in conflict with King Rib-Hadda of Byblos.

paragraph: While some contend that Amurru was a new kingdom in southern Syria subject to nominal Egyptian control, new research suggests that during Abdi-Ashirta's lifetime, Amurru was a "decentralized land" that consisted of several independent polities. Consequently, though Abdi-Ashirta had influence among these polities, he did not directly rule them. Rib-Hadda complained bitterly to Pharaoh Akhenaten — in the Amarna letters (EA) — of Abdi-Ashirta's attempts to alter the political landscape at the former's expense. Abdi-Ashirta's death is mentioned in EA 101 by Rib-Hadda in a letter to Akhenaten. Unfortunately for Rib-Hadda, Abdi-Ashirta was succeeded by his equally capable son Aziru, who would later capture, exile and likely kill Rib-Hadda. Aziru subsequently defected to the Hittites, which caused Egypt to lose control over her northern border province of Amurru which Aziru controlled.

description: Syrian ruler

wikidata_label: Abdi-Ashirta

wikipedia_title: Abdi-Ashirta


text: Reformed

text: Lamargelle

text: Côte-d'Or

text: France

text: Protestant

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Brazil

text: France Antarctique

text: Chevalier

text: de Villegaignon

text: Tupinamba Indians

text: Brazil

text: colonization

text: Protestant Reformation

text: Siege of Sancerre

text: Brazil

text: cannibalism

text: Adam Asher Duker

categories: French explorers,1536 births,French expatriates in Brazil,16th-century Calvinist and Reformed ministers,French Calvinist and Reformed ministers,Huguenots,1613 deaths,French Protestant missionaries,Protestant missionaries in Brazil

paragraph: Jean de Léry

paragraph: Jean de Léry (1536–1613) was an explorer, writer and Reformed pastor born in Lamargelle, Côte-d'Or, France. Scholars disagree about whether he was a member of the lesser nobility or merely a shoemaker. Either way, he was not a public figure prior to accompanying a small group of fellow Protestants to their new colony on an island in the Bay of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The colony, France Antarctique was founded by the Chevalier de Villegaignon, with promises of religious freedom, but on arrival, the Chevalier contested the Protestants' beliefs and persecuted them. After eight months the Protestants left their colony and survived for a short time on the mainland, living amongst the Tupinamba Indians. These events were the basis of de Lery's book, "History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil, Also Called America" (1578). Exhausted and starving, they then returned to France aboard a pirate ship.

paragraph: Throughout this book, Léry describes his voyage across the Atlantic to Brazil. On the way he encounters never before seen ocean wildlife that foreshadows many more discoveries to follow. While on the ship he and his men develop new skills of judging and navigating the winds, stars, currents, and tides. Upon arrival, Léry and his men are exposed to what seems to be an entirely new world. Throughout the body, the crew encounters a wide variety of people in an area not yet affected by European colonization. With the main goals set at Protestant Reformation, these men face many more challenges than expected, however make discoveries and encounter new things beyond their wildest dreams. Léry witnessed the Tupinamba engage in war and cannibalize their enemies.

paragraph: On his return to France, de Léry married unhappily and became a Protestant minister. He endured and chronicled the Siege of Sancerre, remarking in his book, "History of the City of Sancerre" (1574) that his hardships in Brazil served him well, because he taught his fellow soldiers to make hammocks and eat anything, including shoe soles (though cannibalism still repelled him).

paragraph: During the siege of Sancerre, a Calvinist married couple and an old woman were caught boiling the couple's dead daughter in a cauldron for food. Léry devoted the tenth chapter of his account of the siege to describing and evaluating this episode of European Protestant cannibalism. Historian Adam Asher Duker has argued that Léry equated the residents of Sancerre with the cannibalistic Israelites of the Old Testament, and that he believed his own Huguenot community to be the worst of all cannibals, as they ate each other despite their highest understanding of the will of God.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'histoire mémorable du siège et de la famine de Sancerre" (1573)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre de Brésil" (1578)

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: French cleric and explorer

wikidata_label: Jean de Léry

wikipedia_title: Jean de Léry


text: Hanwha Eagles

text: Korea Baseball Organization

text: Korea Baseball Organization

categories: South Korean baseball coaches,KBO League first basemen,Lotte Giants coaches,South Korean baseball players,Hanwha Eagles coaches,1968 births,People from North Chungcheong Province,Hanwha Eagles players,KBO League designated hitters,Baseball players with retired numbers,KBO League Most Valuable Player Award winners,Living people,KBO League shortstops

paragraph: Chang Jong-hoon

paragraph: Chang Jong-hoon (born April 10, 1968) is the current coach and former player of the Hanwha Eagles of the Korea Baseball Organization.

paragraph: Section::::The present.

paragraph: Han Yong-deok, director of the Hanwha Eagles, is also speeding up the formation of a coaching staff. He chose Jang Jong-hoon (49), the " home run king " who made the history of the Hanwha Eagles, as his coach. After three seasons in Busan after leaving Lotte in January 2015, Jang will join hands with Han Yong-deok to rebuild the Hanwha Eagles.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Career statistics and player information from Korea Baseball Organization

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Chang Jong-Hoon

wikipedia_title: Chang Jong-hoon


text: Bay of Islands

text: Auckland

text: Tynemouth

text: Northumberland

text: Thomas Brisbane

text: Governor of New South Wales

text: Sydney

text: George Arthur

text: Tasmania

text: Hunter Valley

text: Bloomsbury

text: Middlesex

text: Postmaster-General of New South Wales

text: Auckland Provincial Council

text: Parliament

text: Thomas Bartley

text: John Williamson

text: Superintendent

text: Maurice O'Rorke

text: Thomas Macfarlane

text: Epsom

categories: 1872 deaths,1795 births,Members of the Auckland Provincial Council

paragraph: William Powditch

paragraph: William Powditch (8 February 1795 – 22 August 1872) was a very early settler in New Zealand's Bay of Islands and a politician in Auckland.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Powditch was born in 1795 in Tynemouth, Northumberland, England. He commanded the "Royal George" that brought Thomas Brisbane, the incoming Governor of New South Wales, to Sydney in 1821 and accompanied George Arthur, the incoming Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land on his trip to Tasmania in 1824. In the early 1820s, he was living in Australia's Hunter Valley.

paragraph: On 19 June 1823, he married Anne Walsh at Bloomsbury, County of Middlesex, England.

paragraph: Section::::New Zealand.

paragraph: He was a trader in the Bay of Islands when the Postmaster-General of New South Wales appointed him in 1831 "to receive and return mail"; this was the first postal service between Australia and New Zealand.

paragraph: In 1845, Powditch moved to Auckland. In the first election to the Auckland Provincial Council on 22 July 1853, he was elected in the Pensioner Settlements electorate. He also stood for election to Parliament in the electorate but was unsuccessful. He represented the Pensioner Settlements electorate until February 1856 when he resigned, and again from April 1857 to September 1861. He then represented the Onehunga electorate until September 1865. From November 1857 to September 1865, he was the 2nd Speaker of the Provincial Council, succeeding Thomas Bartley. When John Williamson resigned as Superintendent, the act stipulated that the Speaker would become Deputy Superintendent, and Powditch had that role from October to November 1862. His membership of the council and his speakership ended when he was defeated by Maurice O'Rorke at 9 November 1865 election for Onehunga, who also succeeded him as speaker. He was then appointed as Deputy Provincial Auditor, and he held this position until his death. He was succeeded in this role by Thomas Macfarlane.

paragraph: Through the Auckland Harbour Board Act 1854, a Board of Commissioners was established. Powditch was one of the early chairmen of the Board of Commissioners.

paragraph: Powditch died at the house of his son-in-law in Epsom. Until shortly before his death, he was of good health and of good mental capacity. He was buried at St Andrew's Epsom.

description: New Zealand politician

wikidata_label: William Powditch

wikipedia_title: William Powditch


text:
Angers
wood engraver
Louis Hachette
Daniel Vierge
François Chifflart
The Toilers of the Sea
Victor Hugo
ink wash painting
Le Petit Journal
juvenile fiction
imaginary voyage
Fortuné Méaulle

categories: 1844 births,French engravers,1916 deaths,19th-century French male writers

paragraph: Fortuné Méaulle

paragraph: Fortuné Louis Méaulle (11 April 1844, Angers – May 1916) was a French wood engraver and writer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He apprenticed with Joseph Burn-Smeeton (fl.1840-1880), an English-born artist who worked with the French engraver Auguste Tilly (?-1898). Later, he was able to become part of a small, exclusive group of engravers who worked for Louis Hachette; consisting of , and . He did not remain there long, however; being dismissed for "serious misconduct".

paragraph: He then established his own studio and was one of the first artists to work with Daniel Vierge. Among his most notable illustrations are those made from drawings by François Chifflart for "The Toilers of the Sea" by Victor Hugo, although Hugo had originally wanted them to be ink wash paintings, concerned that engravings would not match the spirit of his writing. After seeing samples, he was convinced and changed his mind.

paragraph: The output of Méaulle's studio was large, but of an uneven quality. The bulk of his work involved covers for the illustrated supplement to "Le Petit Journal", most of them designed by .

paragraph: As a writer, he published books on art, children's books and juvenile fiction, some illustrated by other artists.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Messieurs et Mesdemoiselles Bébé, carnets d’un papa", Ducrocq, 1887

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Robinson des Airs" (an imaginary voyage), Ducrocq, 1889

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Délaissée", A. Mame et fils, 1898

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Victor Hugo, 1802-1902, ouvrage pour la jeunesse", Société Française d'Éditions d'Art, 1902

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rémi Blachon, "La gravure sur bois au XIXe siècle: l'âge du bois debout", Éditions de l'Amateur, 2001

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fortuné Méaulle: Sources and references @ Data.bnf.fr

alias:
Fortuné-Louis Méaulle
Fortune Louis Meaulle
Fortuné Louis Méaulle
F. Méaulle

description: French wood-engraver

wikidata_label: Fortuné Méaulle

wikipedia_title: Fortuné Méaulle


text:
nobleman
2nd Marshal of Portugal
Trancoso
Lamego
Vasco Fernandes Coutinho
Philippa of Lancaster
Battle of Trancoso
alcaide
Trancoso
Lamego
Fernando Afonso de Albuquerque
English
archive.org

categories: 1421 deaths,Medieval Portuguese nobility,14th-century Portuguese people,Portuguese military personnel,Portuguese Roman Catholics

paragraph: Gonçalo Vasques Coutinho, 2nd Marshal of Portugal

paragraph: Gonçalo Vasques Coutinho (1360s–1410s) was a Portuguese nobleman, 2nd Marshal of Portugal, who served as alcaide-mór of Trancoso and Lamego.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gonçalo Vasques Coutinho was born in Portugal, son of Vasco Fernandes Coutinho and Beatriz Gonçalves de Moura, belonging to the Lusitanian nobility. He served as Copeiro-mor of Philippa of Lancaster, the Queen consort of Portugal.

paragraph: Coutinho was a distinguished military man, who participated in the Battle of Trancoso. He also served as alcaide of Trancoso and Lamego.

paragraph: Coutinho was married twice, first with Leonor Gonçalves de Azevedo, daughter of and Inês Afonso. And second to Joana de Albuquerque, daughter of Fernando Afonso de Albuquerque, alcaide da Guarda, and an English lady, Laura.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- archive.org

description: Portuguese politician


text: House of Wettin

text: Saxe-Saalfeld

text: Merseburg

text: Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg

text: Christiane

text: Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg

text: Charlotte Wilhelmine

text: Saalfeld

paragraph: Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg

paragraph: Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg (4 August 1660 - 2 August 1686), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Wettin and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Saalfeld.

paragraph: Born in Merseburg, she was a child of Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg and his wife Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In Merseburg on 18 February 1680 Sophie Hedwig married Johann Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Both belonged to the House of Wettin: she was a member of the Albertine line while her husband belonged to the Ernestine branch. Three years before (1677) one of Sophie Hedwig's sisters, Christiane, married Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg, in turn one of Johann Ernest's older brothers, so probably this marriage was instrumental for her future wedding.

paragraph: The union produced five children, of whom only two survive adulthood:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christiane Sophie (b. Saalfeld, 14 June 1681 – d. Saalfeld, 3 June 1697).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stillborn daughter (Saalfeld, 6 May 1682).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (b. Saalfeld, 18 August 1683 – d. Saalfeld, 4 September 1745).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlotte Wilhelmine (b. Saalfeld, 4 May 1685 – d. Hanau, 5 April 1767), married on 26 December 1705 to Philip Reinhard, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stillborn son (Saalfeld, 2 August 1686).

paragraph: Sophie Hedwig died in childbirth in Saalfeld, two days before her twenty-six birthday. She was buried in the "Johanniskirche", Saalfeld.

alias: Sachsen-Saalfeld, Herzogin Sophia Hedwig

wikidata_label: Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg

wikipedia_title: Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg


text:
Roman Emperor
Claudius
Sextus Aelius Catus
Aelii
consul
Q. Aelius Tubero
Praetorian Guard
Lucius Seius Strabo
Sejanus
Tiberius
Claudia Antonia
Suetonius
Valeria Messalina
freedman
Tiberius Claudius Narcissus
Claudia Octavia
Britannicus
Gaius Julius Callistus
Lollia Paulina
Caligula
Marcus Antonius Pallas
Agrippina the Younger
Nero
Poppaea Sabina
Liane Aukin
I, Claudius
Suetonius
Tacitus

paragraph: Aelia Paetina

paragraph: Aelia Paetina or Paetina (fl. early 1st century AD) was the second wife of the Roman Emperor Claudius. Her biological father was a consul of 4 AD, Sextus Aelius Catus, while her mother is unknown.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: She was born into the family of the Aelii Tuberones, and thus apparently descended from the consul of 11 BC, Q. Aelius Tubero. Her father may have died when she was very young, as she was raised by a relative—Praetorian Guard Prefect Lucius Seius Strabo, the biological father of her adoptive brother Lucius Aelius Sejanus, commander of the Praetorian Guard under the Emperor Tiberius.

paragraph: Aelia Paetina married the future Emperor Claudius in 28 as his second wife. Their only child was their daughter Claudia Antonia, born in 30. Claudius divorced Paetina after October of 31 AD, when her adoptive brother fell from power and was murdered. According to Suetonius, Claudius divorced Paetina for slight offenses.

paragraph: In 48, after the execution of Claudius’ third wife Valeria Messalina, Claudius considered marrying for the fourth time. Claudius’ freedman Tiberius Claudius Narcissus suggested to him a remarriage to Paetina, and reminded him they had a child together. Narcissus also stated that Paetina would cherish Antonia in addition to Claudia Octavia and Britannicus, Claudius’ children with Messalina. But another freedman, Gaius Julius Callistus, was against Claudius remarrying Paetina and stated to Claudius that he divorced her before; Callistus said that remarrying Paetina would make her more arrogant. Callistus suggested Lollia Paulina, Caligula's third wife. The third freedman, Marcus Antonius Pallas, recommended Claudius' niece and Caligula's sister Agrippina the Younger, who also had a child from a previous marriage, the future Emperor Nero. Ultimately, Agrippina was chosen.

paragraph: Paetina's daughter Antonia was executed in 65 or 66, shortly after the death of Nero's second wife Poppaea Sabina.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Paetina was played by Liane Aukin in the 1976 television series "I, Claudius".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Claudius.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome.

wikidata_label: Aelia Paetina

wikipedia_title: Aelia Paetina