text: Ukrainian

text: Kiel

text: World War II

text: Sheffield

text: Gainsborough High School for Girls

text: Gainsborough, Lincolnshire

text: Witney Grammar School

text: Witney

text: Oxfordshire

text: Keele University

text: BA

text: University of York

text: BPhil

text: King's College London

text: media studies

text: Sheffield Hallam University

text: Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize

text: Hay literary festival

text: Waverton Good Read Award

text: Man Booker Prize

text: Orange Prize for Fiction

text: Two Caravans

text: Penguin Books

text: Orwell Prize

text: Strawberry Fields

text: Berthold Lubetkin

text: Ox-Tales

text: Amnesty International

text: carers of elderly people

text: Age Concern

text: In depth biographical article

text: "Better Late Than Never"

text: Three Monkeys Interview

text: Debut Novelist Takes Comic Prize

text: Review of "Two Caravans"

text: Interview in the "Guardian"

categories: People educated at Queen Elizabeth's High School,Alumni of King's College London,People from Witney,Living people,People from Kiel,Alumni of the University of York,Alumni of Keele University,1946 births,Academics of Sheffield Hallam University,People from Sheffield,21st-century English novelists,British people of Ukrainian descent,Ukrainian women writers

paragraph: Marina Lewycka

paragraph: Marina Lewycka (born 12 October 1946) is a British novelist of Ukrainian origin.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lewycka was born in a refugee camp in Kiel after World War II. Her family subsequently moved to England; she now lives in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. She attended Gainsborough High School for Girls in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, then Witney Grammar School in Witney, Oxfordshire. She graduated from Keele University in 1968 with a BA in English and Philosophy, and from the University of York with a BPhil in English Literature in 1969. She began, but did not complete, a PhD at King's College London.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She was a lecturer in media studies at Sheffield Hallam University until her retirement in March 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Lewycka's debut novel "A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian" won the 2005 Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize for comic writing at the Hay literary festival, the 2005/6 Waverton Good Read Award, and the 2005 Saga Award for Wit; it was long-listed for the 2005 Man Booker Prize and short-listed for the 2005 Orange Prize for Fiction. The novel has been translated into 35 languages.

paragraph: Her second novel "Two Caravans" was published in hardback in March 2007 by Fig Tree (an imprint of Penguin Books) for the United Kingdom market, and was short-listed for the 2008 Orwell Prize for political writing. In the United States and Canada it is published under the title "Strawberry Fields".

paragraph: Lewycka's third novel, "We Are All Made of Glue", was released in July 2009, and her fourth novel, "Various Pets Alive and Dead", came out in March 2012.[10] Her fifth novel, published in 2016, was "The Lubetkin Legacy", named after Berthold Lubetkin, the Georgian-born modernist architect, who built popular housing with the slogan: “Nothing is too good for ordinary people.” "The Lubetkin Legacy" was shortlisted for the Bollinger Woodhouse Everyman for Comic Fiction prize.

paragraph: In 2009 Lewycka donated the short story "The Importance of Having Warm Feet" to Oxfam's "Ox-Tales" project, four collections of UK stories written by 38 authors. Her story was published in the 'Earth' collection. Later the same year, she donated a second short story, "Business Philosophy", to the Amnesty International anthology "Freedom: Short Stories Celebrating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights".

paragraph: In addition to her fiction, Lewycka has written a number of books giving practical advice for carers of elderly people, published by the charity Age Concern.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- with complete bibliography, list of awards and critical perspective

paragraph: BULLET::::- In depth biographical article at "Derbyshire Life" magazine website

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Better Late Than Never", Interview by Stephen Moss, "The Guardian", 31 May 2007. Retrieved on 31 May 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Three Monkeys Interview

paragraph: BULLET::::- Debut Novelist Takes Comic Prize about her winning the Bollinger for "A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of "A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian", Guardian, 19 March 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of "Two Caravans", TimesOnLine, 25 March 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview in the "Guardian", 15 July 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marina Lewycka talks about "We are all Made of Glue" on The Interview Online

description: British writer

wikidata_label: Marina Lewycka

wikipedia_title: Marina Lewycka


text: basketball

text: Indianola, Mississippi

text: Gentry High School

text: center

text: New Mexico State University

text: Jimmy Collins

text: Rice University

text: Kansas State University

text: Drake University

text: UCLA

text: St. Bonaventure

text: 1970 NBA draft

text: Cincinnati Royals

text: National Basketball Association

text: Kansas City Kings

text: New Jersey Nets

text: Cleveland Cavaliers

text: 1974–75 season

text: All-Star in 1975

text: Hakeem Olajuwon

text: Julius Erving

text: David Robinson

text: Ben Wallace

text: blocks

text: steals

text: jersey

text: retired

text: Sacramento Kings

text: Wes Unseld

text: Reggie Evans

text: Kansas City

text: Career stats

text: basketball-reference.com

categories: 1948 births,Cleveland Cavaliers players,2014 deaths,Centers (basketball),Kansas City Kings players,National Basketball Association All-Stars,African-American basketball players,National Basketball Association players with retired numbers,Cincinnati Royals players,Basketball players at the 1970 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four,New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball players,Basketball players from Mississippi,New Jersey Nets players,Cincinnati Royals draft picks,People from Indianola, Mississippi

paragraph: Sam Lacey

paragraph: Samuel Lacey (March 8, 1948 – March 14, 2014) was an American basketball player.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lacey grew up in Indianola, Mississippi and played basketball at Gentry High School.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Lacey was a 6'10" center who played college basketball at New Mexico State University. The Aggies had a combined record of 74–14 during his three seasons there. In the 1969–70 post-season, he and star guard Jimmy Collins led the Aggies to their first and only Final Four appearance. The Aggies defeated Rice University, Kansas State University and Drake University before falling to eventual national champion UCLA. However, the Aggies won the third-place game over St. Bonaventure to finish 27–3. Lacey earned first-team All-American honors from "Basketball News".

paragraph: In 2007–08, Lacey was among the first inductees into the Aggies Ring of Honor. As of 2014, Lacey still holds many New Mexico State rebounding records for both single seasons and career.

paragraph: Section::::NBA career.

paragraph: Lacey was drafted in the first round (fifth overall) of the 1970 NBA draft by the Cincinnati Royals. He played 13 seasons (1970–1983) in the National Basketball Association as a member of the Royals, Kansas City Kings, New Jersey Nets and Cleveland Cavaliers. He averaged over 10 rebounds per game in his first six seasons, and was the NBA's third leading rebounder in the 1974–75 season. Lacey's most productive NBA season came in 1973–74 when he averaged 14.2 points and 13.4 rebounds per game. He was named an All-Star in 1975, and finished the season averaging 11.5 points, 14.2 rebounds, and 5.3 assists per game.

paragraph: Lacey is one of only five NBA players (along with Hakeem Olajuwon, Julius Erving, David Robinson and Ben Wallace) to have registered 100 blocks and 100 steals in six consecutive seasons. His #44 jersey was retired by the Sacramento Kings. He is also one of three NBA players (along with Wes Unseld and Reggie Evans) to total at least 30 rebounds and fewer than 10 points in the first two games of the season.

paragraph: When Lacey retired in 1983, he had accumulated 9,687 rebounds and a total of 10,303 points. As of 2014, Lacey ranks 40th overall for total rebounds in NBA history.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Lacey died in his home in Kansas City, Missouri on March 14, 2014, at the age of 66, six days after his 66th birthday.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of National Basketball Association players with 1000 games played

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of National Basketball Association career rebounding leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Career stats at basketball-reference.com

description: American basketball player

wikidata_label: Sam Lacey

wikipedia_title: Sam Lacey


text:
Italo-Norman
Geoffrey of Hauteville
Tancred of Hauteville
Loritello
Abruzzi
Roman pontiff
Ortona
excommunicated
Pope Gregory VII
Robert Guiscard
Richard of Capua
Jordan
Chieti
Lake Fucino
Adriatic
Drogo
Lombard
Pescara
Abelard
Sant'Agata di Puglia
Fermo
Castel Sant'Angelo
Emperor Henry IV
Byzantine
Roger Borsa
Fortore
Tronto
Bovino
Ascoli Piceno
Dragonara
Robert II of Loritello

categories: People excommunicated by the Catholic Church,Counts of Loritello,Italo-Normans,Norman warriors,1107 deaths

paragraph: Robert I of Loritello

paragraph: Robert I (died 1107) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, the eldest son of Geoffrey of Hauteville, one of the elder sons of Tancred of Hauteville. He was the first count of Loritello in 1061.

paragraph: Like his father, he began his military conquests in the Abruzzi, encroaching on lands held by the Roman pontiff. He advanced as far as Ortona in 1070, a year before his father's death. Unsurprisingly, he was excommunicated (February 1075). Pope Gregory VII speaks of his "Godless insolence." Where Duke Robert Guiscard and Prince Richard of Capua had failed to expand northwards, Robert of Loritello and Richard's son Jordan had success. By 1075, Robert was making his seat at Chieti. While Jordan advanced in the district around Lake Fucino, Robert advanced up the Adriatic coast. He made his brother Drogo count of Chieti (or Teate). In 1076, Ortona finally fell with the assistance of troops from Robert Guiscard. The local Lombard nobility, as far as the Pescara, did homage to him. He had five hundred knights under his command. In return for his uncle's help, he sent a contingent of his own men to assist in the defeat of his cousin Abelard in Sant'Agata di Puglia.

paragraph: In June 1080, Gregory VII recognised the Norman conquests of Robert and Jordan up to Fermo. In June 1083, besieged in the Castel Sant'Angelo by the Emperor Henry IV, the pope begged the assistance of the duke. The two Roberts, uncle and nephew, came to his rescue. Robert took part in the second Byzantine expedition of his uncle's in 1084–1085. He was at the Guiscard's deathbed and remained loyal to his uncle's chosen heir, Roger Borsa, whose guardian he had been.

paragraph: He continued his conquests and before his death had made it beyond the Fortore and as far as the Tronto. He ruled from Bovino (conquered 1100) to Ascoli Piceno. He may have even ruled Dragonara. By the end of his life, he had taken the titles "comes Dei gratia" (count by the grace of God) and "comes comitorum" (count of counts). He was succeeded by his son, Robert II of Loritello.

description: Norman noble

wikidata_label: Robert I of Loritello

wikipedia_title: Robert I of Loritello


text: Law Lord

text: United Kingdom

text: British Army

text: Conservative Party

text: Harold Macmillan

text: House of Commons

text: President

text: Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division

text: Family Division

text: High Court

text: Law Lord

text: Lord of Appeal in Ordinary

text: The Independent

text: Hampstead

text: London

text: Gresham's School

text: Holt, Norfolk

text: Trinity Hall, Cambridge

text: Honorary Fellow

text: Middle Temple

text: Tom Denning

text: Second World War

text: Inns of Court Regiment

text: Royal Tank Regiment

text: Valentine tank

text: Royal Armoured Corps

text: Madagascar

text: Vichy French

text: 36th Division

text: Burma

text: mentioned in dispatches

text: lieutenant colonel

text: King's Counsel

text: 1951 general election

text: Winston Churchill

text: Conservative

text: Member of Parliament

text: Middlesbrough West

text: Labour

text: 1955 general election

text: One Nation

text: Parliamentary Private Secretary

text: Attorney-General

text: Lionel Heald

text: Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State

text: Home Office

text: Homicide Act 1957

text: Rab Butler

text: Home Secretary

text: the Treasury

text: Derick Heathcoat-Amory

text: Chancellor of the Exchequer

text: Peter Thorneycroft

text: Financial Secretary to the Treasury

text: Enoch Powell

text: Solicitor-General

text: Harry Hylton-Foster

text: Speaker of the House of Commons

text: Reginald Manningham-Buller

text: Attorney General

text: knighthood

text: Privy Councillor

text: Cabinet

text: High Court judge

text: Lord Merriman

text: speech impediment

text: Life peer

text: Glaisdale

text: North Riding of the County of York

text: House of Lords

text: crossbencher

text: Henry VIII clause

text: bill

text: reform the spelling

text: British English

text: American English

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: North Yorkshire

text: Peregrine Simon

text: Obituary

text: The Guardian

text: Obituary

text: The Daily Telegraph

text: Obituary

text: The Times

text: Obituary

text: The Independent

categories: Fellows of Trinity Hall, Cambridge,Law lords,Deputy Lieutenants of the North Riding of Yorkshire,English barristers,Royal Tank Regiment officers,Solicitors General for England and Wales,Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge,Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division judges,UK MPs 1951–1955,UK MPs 1959–1964,Queen's Counsel 1901–2000,1911 births,Knights Bachelor,Members of the Middle Temple,British Army personnel of World War II,2006 deaths,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,People educated at Gresham's School,UK MPs 1955–1959

paragraph: Jack Simon, Baron Simon of Glaisdale

paragraph: Jocelyn Edward Salis Simon, Baron Simon of Glaisdale, (15 January 1911 – 7 May 2006) was a Law Lord in the United Kingdom, having been, by turns, a barrister, a commissioned officer in the British Army, a barrister again, a Conservative Party politician, a government minister, and a judge.

paragraph: He held three ministerial positions in the government of Harold Macmillan, during his 11-year tenure as a member of the House of Commons. He also served as President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division (now the Family Division) of High Court for nine years, and was a Law Lord for 6 years before his retirement in 1977.

paragraph: Simon's appointment, as of 2015, marks the last appointment of a former member of the House of Commons as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (although Reginald Manningham-Buller, 1st Viscount Dilhorne, appointed before Simon but retiring after Simon, was the last serving Law Lord to have previously served in the Commons.) As noted by "The Independent" in his obituary, "Jack Simon was the last of a breed of judges who first pursued a successful career in politics before promotion to the Bench."

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Simon was born in Hampstead in London, the son of Claire and Frank Cecil Simon. His father was a stockbroker. He was educated at Gresham's School, in Holt, Norfolk and read English at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He was elected an Honorary Fellow of Trinity Hall in 1963. He was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1934, and joined the chambers of Tom Denning (later Lord Denning MR), practising mainly in family law and trust law.

paragraph: In the Second World War, he joined the Inns of Court Regiment and was commissioned as an officer in the Royal Tank Regiment. He commanded a special service squadron of three Valentine tanks of the Royal Armoured Corps in the invasion of Madagascar in 1942 and the subsequent six-month campaign to liberate it from Vichy French control. He later fought with the 36th Division in Burma. He was mentioned in dispatches, and ended the war as a lieutenant colonel.

paragraph: He returned to legal practice in 1946, and was appointed King's Counsel in 1951. At the time of his death, he was the last surviving person to have been originally appointed as King's Counsel.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: Simon's career then took a political turn: at the 1951 general election which returned Winston Churchill to office, he was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Middlesbrough West, winning the seat from Labour. He held the seat for 11 years.

paragraph: Despite continuing his legal practice, he was attentive to constituency matters, and increased his majority in the 1955 general election. Politically, he was a founder of the One Nation Group. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Attorney-General, Sir Lionel Heald, for three years, and then held three ministerial positions. He was appointed as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Home Office in 1957. He took charge of the bill that became the Homicide Act 1957, earning the respect of Rab Butler, then Home Secretary.

paragraph: A year later, the ministerial team at the Treasury resigned en masse; Derick Heathcoat-Amory became the new Chancellor of the Exchequer, replacing Peter Thorneycroft and Simon was promoted to become Financial Secretary to the Treasury, replacing Enoch Powell. Simon held this second office for only one year, being appointed Solicitor-General in 1959 to replace Sir Harry Hylton-Foster on his election as Speaker of the House of Commons; meanwhile, Sir Reginald Manningham-Buller was Attorney General. Simon was rewarded on taking this third office with a knighthood, and became a Privy Councillor in 1961.

paragraph: Section::::Judiciary.

paragraph: Simon seemed destined for a seat in the Cabinet. However, after three years as Solicitor-General, he resigned from his office and his seat in Parliament in 1962, to widespread surprise, to become a High Court judge, and President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division, replacing Lord Merriman. His legal practice at the family bar had prepared him for this position perfectly. The year after taking office, he had an operation to remove a benign tumour. The operation left him paralysed on one side of his face: he had a speech impediment and also lost the use of his right eye; he habitually wore a black eye-patch thereafter, which gave him somewhat of a piratical air.

paragraph: He remained President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division for nine years, until he was created a Life peer as Baron Simon of Glaisdale, of Glaisdale in the North Riding of the County of York on 5 February 1971 and appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. He retired from judicial office in 1977, but continued to attend the House of Lords and took a close interest in legislation.

paragraph: He sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords, despite earlier sitting in the House of Commons and holding ministerial office as a Conservative. He was strongly opposed to Henry VIII clauses. He proposed a bill in 1981 to reform the spelling of British English by adopting certain practices from American English, such as replacing "-ours" endings with "-ors".

paragraph: Section::::Lord-Lieutenancy.

paragraph: He was appointed as a Deputy Lieutenant for North Yorkshire in 1973.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married his first wife, Gwendolen Evans, in 1934. She died in 1937. He married his second wife, Fay, in 1948; they had three sons. One, Sir Peregrine Simon, also became a barrister and High Court judge.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary ("The Guardian", 8 May 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary ("The Daily Telegraph", 8 May 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary ("The Times", 8 May 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary ("The Independent", 9 May 2006)

description: English Conservative Party politician,  government minister and judge

wikidata_label: Jack Simon, Baron Simon of Glaisdale

wikipedia_title: Jack Simon, Baron Simon of Glaisdale


text:
Robert I of Loritello
Roger II of Sicily
Elvira of Castile
William
Troia
Pope Paschal II
Callixtus II
"Lexikon des Mittelalters".
Molise in the Norman period.

categories: 1130s deaths,Counts of Loritello,Italo-Normans,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Robert II of Loritello

paragraph: Robert II (died 1134 or 1137) was the son and successor of Count Robert I of Loritello. His father died in 1107. He married his second cousin Adelaide, a daughter of Roger II of Sicily and Elvira of Castile. They had a son, named William, who succeeded him.

paragraph: Robert was a friend of the Church. He took part in the council of Troia (1115) of Pope Paschal II and that of 1120 of Callixtus II.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lexikon des Mittelalters".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Molise in the Norman period.

description: Norman noble

wikidata_label: Robert II of Loritello

wikipedia_title: Robert II of Loritello


text:
pianist
keyboardist
Wilco
A Ghost Is Born
Jeff Tweedy

categories: 1972 births,Musicians from Chicago,American keyboardists,Wilco members,Living people

paragraph: Mikael Jorgensen

paragraph: Mikael Jorgensen (born June 4, 1972) is lead pianist and keyboardist for the band Wilco as well as a member of the band Pronto. He first appeared on Wilco's 2004 release, "A Ghost Is Born". On that album, he received songwriting credit for "Hell is Chrome" and "Theologians". In 1999, he released the album "Western Hamlet" with the group Movere Workshop.

paragraph: Jorgensen, an ex-Chicago-based engineer and now full-time musician initially came aboard Wilco in 2002 to perform real-time sound manipulations on the Yankee Hotel Foxtrot tour, sitting just off stage left, triggering the samples and sonic flourishes required to bring the YHF material to life. As the tour rolled on, Jorgensen gradually moved onto the stage itself, manning his laptop as well as taking on more and more keyboard duties. Since his days in Chicago, Mikael has relocated to Brooklyn, NY, where he currently resides.

paragraph: "It became apparent that Mike was a very proficient piano player that could do a lot more than we were using him for," says Wilco singer/songwriter Jeff Tweedy. "At that point, he started becoming a full-fledged member of the band, contributing parts to the new songs and even handling more of the nuts and bolts architecture of the older songs."

paragraph: Prior to his days in Chicago and with Wilco, Mikael honed his musical skills in New Brunswick, NJ, developing his production skills, collaborating with local musicians and DJing. He has earned a degree at DeVry University in North Brunswick, NJ.

paragraph: Mikael Jorgensen's father was born in Denmark but moved to the United States in the 1950s, and his mother was born in Norway, Hedmark.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- mikaeljorgensen.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilco

description: Keyboardist, Producer, Engineer

wikidata_label: Mikael Jorgensen

wikipedia_title: Mikael Jorgensen


text: Beverston

text: Gloucestershire

text: Ruckholt

text: Essex

text: Member of Parliament

text: Sir Michael Hicks

text: Lord Burghley

text: Queen Elizabeth

text: Dictionary of National Biography

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: Great Marlow

text: Short Parliament

text: Civil War

text: Royalist

text: Siege of Colchester

text: Sir William Hicks

text: Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall

text: Earls St Aldwyn

text: Edward Kimber

categories: Cavaliers,1596 births,Baronets in the Baronetage of England,English MPs 1626,English MPs 1640 (April),1680 deaths

paragraph: Sir William Hicks, 1st Baronet

paragraph: Sir William Hicks, 1st Baronet (1596 – 9 October 1680), of Beverston, in Gloucestershire, and of Ruckholt, in Essex, was an English Member of Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: William Hicks was born in 1596. He was the son of the wealthy courtier Sir Michael Hicks, who was secretary to Lord Burghley during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and wife Elizabeth Coulston; Burghley was his godfather, and he was named William in Burghley's honour. He inherited a substantial estate, including Beverstone Castle, on his father's death in 1612, and on 21 July 1619 was created a baronet.

paragraph: It is said in the "Dictionary of National Biography" that he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, though this is not confirmed by the Venn reference work on Cambridge graduates.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Hicks served in two Parliaments as member for Great Marlow, that of 1625–6 and once more in the Short Parliament of 1640. During the Civil War he was a staunch Royalist, and saw action at the Siege of Colchester in 1648, as a result of which he was imprisoned for several weeks.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and death.

paragraph: He married Margaret Paget (born c. 1604 – buried 10 September 1652), daughter of William Paget, 4th Baron Paget de Beaudesert, and Lettice Knollys, and they had a number of children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baptist, who died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth, who died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir William Hicks (1629–1703), who succeeded to the baronetcy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Letitia Hicks, who married Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine, who died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francis, who died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Michael Hicks, whose line inherited the baronetcy after the death of the last of his brother's descendants, and from whom the Earls St Aldwyn are descended

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth, who died young

paragraph: Hicks died on 9 October 1680.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Kimber & Richard Johnson, "The Baronetage of England" (London, 1771)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Article on his father.)

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Sir William Hicks, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir William Hicks, 1st Baronet


text:
sultan
Ghaznavid Empire
Mohammad
Mahmud of Ghazni
Ghazni
Herat
Ghur
pagan
Jibal
Buyid amirate
Ray
Majd al-Dawla
Kakuyid
Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar
Yusuf ibn Sabuktigin
Ali Daya
Abu Sahl Zawzani
Turkmens
Ahmad Maymandi
vizier
Khorasan
Ahmad Inaltigin
India
Ali ibn Il-Arslan
Ahmad Shirazi
de facto
Khwarazm
Altun Tash
Kara-Khanid
Ali Tigin Bughra Khan
Samarkand
Harun
Kerman
Abu Kalijar
Bahram ibn Mafinna
Ziyarid
Anushirvan Sharaf al-Ma'ali
Abu Sahl Hamduwi
Ismail Khandan
Seljuq Turks
Tughril
Begtoghdi
Dihistan
Amul
Ahvaz
Böritigin
Khuttal
Vakhsh
Chaghaniyan
Muhtajid dynasty
Nishapur
Herat
Merv
war elephants
Abd al-Razzaq Maymandi
Battle of Dandanaqan
Chaghri Beg
Faramurz
India
Mohammad
Maw'dud Ghaznavi
Sa'id
Izad-yar
Mardan-shah
Majdud
Ibrahim
Ali
Farrukh-Zad

categories: 11th-century rulers in Asia,Ghaznavid rulers,Year of birth unknown,1040 deaths,Medieval India

paragraph: Mas'ud I of Ghazni

paragraph: Mas'ud I of Ghazni (), known as Amīr-i Shahīd (; "the martyr king") (998 – 17 January 1040), was "sultan" of the Ghaznavid Empire from 1030 to 1040. He rose to power by seizing the Ghaznavid throne from his younger twin Mohammad, who had been nominated as the heir upon the death of their father Mahmud of Ghazni. His twin was shortly blinded and imprisoned. However, when much of Mas'ud's western domains had been wrested from his control, his troops rebelled against him and reinstated Mohammad to the throne.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Campaigns.

paragraph: Mas'ud was born along with his younger twin brother Mohammad in 998 at the Ghaznavid capital of Ghazni. In 1015, Mas'ud was appointed as heir of the Ghaznavid Empire by his father, and was also appointed as the governor of Herat. Five years later, he led an expedition in Ghur, which was still a pagan enslave. Mas'ud later participated in the campaigns of his father in Jibal, where they managed to annex the Buyid amirate of Ray which was then under the rule of Majd al-Dawla.

paragraph: After Mas'ud's father left the region, Mas'ud was in charge of the Ghaznavid operations in western Iran; he continued his campaigns further west, where he managed to defeat the Kakuyid ruler Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar, who made a treaty where he agreed to recognize Ghaznavid authority.

paragraph: However, Muhammad kept violating the treaty, and in 1030 wrested Ray from the Ghaznavids. During the same period, Mahmud, because of his bad relations with Mas'ud, changed his opinion, and appointed Mohammad as his heir, who was much more less experienced in government and military affairs than Mas'ud. Mahmud shortly died, and was succeeded by Mohammad.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Struggle for the throne.

paragraph: However, his uncle Yusuf ibn Sabuktigin, and the Ghaznavid army including prominent officers such as Ali Daya, were in favor of Mas'ud, whose military campaigns had earned him a great reputation. Mas'ud was also joined by his former assistant Abu Sahl Zawzani, who in the words of the historian Yusofi, "became a sort of vizier and rose in prestige and influence. He also became feared, since he exercised his bent toward vengefulness, spite, and intrigue".

paragraph: Nevertheless, in order to further strengthen his army, Mas'ud recruited a group of Turkmens which were head by their chiefs Yaghmur, Qizil, Bogha and Goktash.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Consolation of the Empire and war with the Kara-Khanids.

paragraph: Mas'ud then marched towards Ghazni, where he defeated his brother and had him imprisoned, while crowning himself as the new Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire. Mas'ud shortly released the disgraced statesman Ahmad Maymandi from prison, and appointed him as his "vizier". He also appointed Ali Daya as the commander-in-chief of the army of Khorasan, while another general named Ahmad Inaltigin was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the army in India.

paragraph: Although Mas'ud was a great military leader, he was heedless in advice from his officers, which would later result in disastrous events during his reign. He also suspected the majority of his father's officers of treachery, and even had his own uncle Yusuf imprisoned, and also had the powerful statesman Ali ibn Il-Arslan imprisoned. In 1032, Ahmad Maymandi died and was succeeded by Ahmad Shirazi as Mas'ud's "vizier". Sometime later, Mas'ud's governor and "de facto" ruler of Khwarazm, Altun Tash, was sent to invade the domains of the Kara-Khanid ruler Ali Tigin Bughra Khan, but was killed at Dabusiyya, a town near Samarkand. He was then succeeded by his son Harun.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:War in western Iran and clash with Turkic nomads.

paragraph: In 1033, Mas'ud captured the fortress of Sarsut, and shortly invaded Kerman, which was then under the rule of the Buyid ruler Abu Kalijar. Mas'ud shortly managed to conquer the region, however, the inhabitants of Kerman, who preferred Buyid rule, rallied to Abu Kalijar, and under his vizier Bahram ibn Mafinna re-conquered Kerman. During the same period, Ahmad Inaltigin rebelled and defeated an army sent by Mas'ud, who shortly sent another army under an Indian statesman named Tilak, who managed to rout Ahmad Inaltigin, who drowned while he was trying to escape from Tilak. In 1033, Mas'ud married the daughter of the Ziyarid Anushirvan Sharaf al-Ma'ali's relative Abu Kalijar, who was the real ruler of the Ziyarid state. During the same year, in order to keep control over his unreliable vassal the Kakuyid ruler Muhammad, Mas'ud I appointed Abu Sahl Hamduwi as the governor of Jibal.

paragraph: In 1034, Harun declared independence from the Ghaznavids, and allied himself with the Kara-Khanid ruler Ali Tigin. Mas'ud, however, managed to have Harun assassinated, and Ali Tigin shortly himself died. Harun was succeeded by his brother Ismail Khandan, who continued to ally with the Kara-Khanids. Meanwhile, the Seljuq Turks under the leadership of Tughril, asked Mas'ud for asylum. Mas'ud, however, considered the Turkic nomads a dangerous threat and sent an army under Begtoghdi, who was the newly appointed commander-in-chief in Khorasan. The army was shortly defeated by the Seljuqs, who forced Mas'ud to cede Nasa, Farava and Dihistan in return for Seljuq recognition of Ghaznavid authority. In 1034, Mas'ud marched an army to Amul to collect tribute, sacking Amul for four days and later burned it to the ground.

paragraph: In 1035, Mas'ud I made another invasion of western Iran, where he defeated Abu Kalijar who had rebelled against him. Mas'ud then marched towards Jibal, where he once again defeated the Kakuyid ruler Muhammad, who fled to the Buyids of Ahvaz, and then to northwestern Iran, where he raised an army composing of Turkmens. In 1037/8, while Mas'ud was campaigning in India, Muhammad, at the head of a Turkmen army, once again occupied Ray from the Ghaznavids. Meanwhile, another Kara-Khanid ruler named Böritigin, invaded the Ghaznavid territories and plundered Khuttal and Vakhsh. He also managed to conquer Chaghaniyan and repel the local Muhtajid dynasty from the region. Furthermore, the Seljuqs had begun to slowly subdue the cities of Khorasan, and when they captured Nishapur, Tughril proclaimed himself as the ruler of Khorasan. Mas'ud, after having returned to Khorasan, tried to re-conquer Chaghaniyan but was defeated by Böritigin.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:War with the Seljuqs and downfall.

paragraph: However, he expelled the Seljuqs from Herat and Nishapur. He soon marched towards Merv to completely remove the Seljuq threat from Khorasan. His army included 50,000 men and 60 or 12 war elephants. He was accompanied by his vizier Ahmad Shirazi, his chief secretary Abu Sahl Zawzani, his generals Ali Daya, Begtoghdi and Subashi, and Abd al-Razzaq Maymandi, the son of Ahmad Maymandi.

paragraph: A battle shortly took place near Merv, known as the Battle of Dandanaqan, where the army of Mas'ud was defeated by a much smaller army under Tughril, his brother Chaghri Beg, and the Kakuyid prince Faramurz. Mas'ud thus permanently lost control of all of western Khorasan. Although Mas'ud managed to retain his capital Ghazni, he chose to leave the city, and set up a capital in India. Mas'ud, who blamed Ali Daya and other generals for the disastrous Ghaznavid defeat near Merv, had them imprisoned in India. However, the army of Mas'ud, which used to greatly hold him in high esteem, revolted against him, and had his brother Mohammad reinstated to the throne.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Death and aftermath.

paragraph: Mohammad then had Mas'ud imprisoned at Giri, where he was killed either on the orders of Mohammad or Mohammad's son Ahmed. Mas'ud had a son named Maw'dud Ghaznavi, who later avenged his father by killing Mohammad, and then crowned himself as the new ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire. He also had other sons named Sa'id, Izad-yar, Mardan-shah, Majdud, Ibrahim, Ali, and Farrukh-Zad. The last three sons also managed to later become the ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire in different periods.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: br

description: Ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire

wikidata_label: Mas'ud I of Ghazni

wikipedia_title: Mas'ud I of Ghazni


text: Montedoro

text: Province of Caltanissetta

text: Bishop

text: Paolo Urso

categories: People from Montedoro,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Bishops of Ragusa,2009 deaths,1926 births

paragraph: Angelo Rizzo

paragraph: Angelo Rizzo (April 11, 1926, Montedoro, Province of Caltanissetta - July 16, 2009, Montedoro) was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ragusa, Sicily from February 2, 1974 until his retirement on February 16, 2002. He was succeeded as bishop by Paolo Urso.

paragraph: Rizzo died on July 16, 2009, in his native Montedoro of 83.

paragraph: Section::::External links and references.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catholic Hierarchy: Bishop Angelo Rizzo †"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corriere di Ragusa: Angelo Rizzo obituary (Italian)

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Angelo Rizzo

wikipedia_title: Angelo Rizzo


text: jure uxoris

text: Earl of Buchan

text: suo jure

text: Baron Beaumont

text: Wars of Scottish Independence

text: Battle of Falkirk

text: Battle of Halidon Hill

text: Crécy

text: Agincourt

text: Robert Bruce

text: Treaty of Northampton

text: Second War of Scottish Independence

text: Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan

text: John Comyn, Earl of Buchan

text: Louis of Brienne

text: Maine

text: Beaumont-sur-Sarthe

text: John of Brienne

text: King of Jerusalem

text: Berengaria of Leon

text: Edward II

text: Lewis de Beaumont

text: Bishop of Durham

text: Isabella

text: John de Vesci

text: Edward I

text: Flanders

text: Philip IV of France

text: Battle of Stirling Bridge

text: battle of Falkirk

text: William Wallace

text: schiltrons

text: manor

text: Folkingham

text: Barton-upon-Humber

text: Heckington

text: Lincolnshire

text: Edward II

text: Isle of Man

text: Ordainers

text: Piers Gaveston

text: Seacourt

text: Tackley

text: William de Lindsay

text: Northumberland

text: Robert Clifford

text: Thomas de Grey of Heaton

text: Thomas Grey

text: Edward II

text: Battle of Boroughbridge

text: Privy Council

text: Queen Isabella

text: Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March

text: coup

text: Edward III

text: Treaty of Northampton

text: Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster

text: Edward Balliol

text: John Balliol

text: pardon

text: Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent

text: Paris

text: Scotland

text: Earl of Mar

text: Edward III

text: David II

text: Battle of Boroughbridge

text: Battle of Dupplin Moor

text: Battle of Halidon Hill

text: Crécy

text: Thomas Wake

text: Lordship of Liddesdale

text: Thomas Randolph

text: Earl of Moray

text: Picardy

text: Lady Vesci

text: men-at-arms

text: Battle of Dupplin Moor

text: Scone

text: Bruce

text: Annan

text: Berwick-upon-Tweed

text: Aberdeenshire

text: Annan

text: Achilles

text: border

text: Dundarg

text: Battle of Culblean

text: Perth

text: Hundred Years War

text: Lincolnshire

text: Leicestershire

text: Northumberland

text: Yorkshire

text: Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan

text: John Comyn, Earl of Buchan

text: Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan

text: Lord High Constable of Scotland

text: jure uxoris

text: Nicholas Audley, 3rd Baron Audley

text: Eleanor of Lancaster

text: King Henry III

text: Henry of Grosmont

text: Isabel de Beaumont

text: Eleanor of Lancaster

text: House of Lancaster

text: King Henry IV of England

text: David III Strathbogie

text: Whittington Castle

text: Alveston

text: Baltimore

text: Inquisition Post Mortem

categories: 1340 deaths,Peers jure uxoris,Earls or mormaers of Buchan,Year of birth unknown,14th-century Scottish earls,House of Brienne,People of the Wars of Scottish Independence

paragraph: Henry de Beaumont

paragraph: Henry de Beaumont, "jure uxoris" 4th Earl of Buchan and "suo jure" 1st Baron Beaumont (bef. 1280 - 10 March 1340) was a key figure in the Anglo-Scots wars of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, known as the Wars of Scottish Independence.

paragraph: Henry de Beaumont was a veteran campaigner who participated in every major engagement, from the Battle of Falkirk in 1298 to the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333. Although not now a widely known figure, he was, nevertheless, of considerable military and political importance. His long experience of the Scottish wars led him to develop a battle technique later used to great effect at Crécy and Agincourt. As one of a group of Anglo-Scots nobles known as the 'disinherited' — those who had fought against King Robert Bruce — he was to do much to overturn the peace between England and Scotland established by the Treaty of Northampton and bring about a Second War of Scottish Independence. By his marriage shortly before 14 July 1310 to Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan (died 3 July 1349), the niece and heir of John Comyn, Earl of Buchan, he was recognised as Earl in right of his wife.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Henry de Beaumont was the eldest son of Louis of Brienne, (d. after 1 September 1297) who was in right of his wife Agnès de Beaumont, Vicomte of Beaumont in Maine and Seigneur of Beaumont-le-Vicomte ("alias" Beaumont-sur-Sarthe), Sainte-Suzanne, la Fleche, Fresnay, le Lude, etc. He was the grandson of John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem by his third wife, Berengaria of Leon, making him a second cousin of Edward II. His brother Lewis de Beaumont was Bishop of Durham and his sister Isabella was wife of the prominent noble John de Vesci.

paragraph: Section::::First campaigns.

paragraph: He first took up military service with Edward I while he was campaigning in Flanders in 1297 against Philip IV of France. When Edward returned to England the following year to deal with the after effects of the defeat of his northern army by the Scots at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, he was accompanied by Beaumont. In the ensuing battle of Falkirk, Beaumont was one of the young knights who had his horse killed from under him by the spears of William Wallace's schiltrons. Beaumont again attended Edward I in the Scottish wars in 1302.

paragraph: Section::::Landed estates.

paragraph: Beaumont obtained large grants of manors and lands, including Folkingham, Barton-upon-Humber, and Heckington, Lincolnshire, from King Edward II. He was summoned to parliament from 4 March 1309 to 20 October 1332, by Writs directed to "Henrico de Bellomonte", whereby he is held to have become Lord Beaumont. He was again summoned to the English parliament from 22 January 1334 through to 16 November 1339, as Earl of Buchan. He sat in the Scottish parliament of Edward Balliol on 10 February 1334, as Earl of Buchan.

paragraph: He had a grant of the Lordship of the Isle of Man in 1310. The next year he and his sister, Isabel de Vesci, were banished from Court by the Ordainers as associates of Piers Gaveston, but soon returned. In 1313 he and his sister acquired the reversion of the manors of Seacourt, Berkshire, and Tackley, Oxfordshire, which, upon her death without issue in 1334, fell to him. Between 1317 and 1321 his wife succeeded to the English estates of her sister, Margery Comyn, wife successively of Sir John Ross and Sir William de Lindsay. He purchased the Lordship of Ditchburn, Northumberland, in 1320.

paragraph: Section::::Bannockburn.

paragraph: On the first day of the battle Henry was in one of the two cavalry forces alongside Robert Clifford and Sir Thomas de Grey of Heaton, father of the chronicler Thomas Grey whose account of events follows;

paragraph: On the second day Beaumont was amongst those who accompanied Edward II in his flight from the field, and was subsequently deprived of his Scottish Earldom of Buchan by King Robert.

paragraph: Section::::"The Disinherited".

paragraph: In the November after Bannockburn, Beaumont was one of those affected by the sentence of forfeiture passed by the Scottish parliament against all those with land and title in Scotland who continued to fight with the English. Thus was created that class of nobility known as the disinherited. Although this also included men of greater standing like David III Strathbogie, titular Earl of Atholl, Beaumont was to prove by far the most determined in the pursuit of his lost honours.

paragraph: He fought on the side of Edward II at the Battle of Boroughbridge in 1322. However, when Edward II entered into truce negotiations with the Scots in May 1323, Beaumont, hitherto a close associate of the king, argued against any agreement which disregarded the claims of the disinherited, for whom he had become the leading spokesman. Edward overruled Beaumont and the two quarrelled. Beaumont was briefly imprisoned for contempt and disobedience at the Privy Council (of which he was a member), after which he retired from Court to continue his intrigues in exile, eventually joining forces with Edward's estranged wife, Queen Isabella, and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. His cause, however, was not furthered by the coup of 1327, in which Isabella and Mortimer deposed the king and replaced him with his under-age son, Edward III.

paragraph: Anxious to break the deadlock in the north Isabella and Mortimer persuaded Parliament to accept the terms of the Treaty of Northampton, which ignored, once again, the claims of the disinherited. Many of the senior nobility were ashamed of what they considered to be a shameful peace; and when Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster rose in revolt in late 1328 he was joined by Henry Beaumont, Thomas Wake, Henry Ferrers, Thomas Rosselin and David de Strathbogie, the latter now married to Beaumont's daughter, Katherine. This was the nucleus of the party soon to be prominent supporters of Edward Balliol, the son of the former King John Balliol. The rising was short-lived; and when Lancaster submitted in January 1329, Wake and Strathbogie also made their peace. Not so Henry Beaumont, who was specifically excluded from pardon, going into exile to plot Mortimer's downfall.

paragraph: When the powerful Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent was arrested in March 1330 and charged with conspiring to restore Edward II, whom he had been deluded into believing was still alive, he alleged at his trial that Beaumont had met him in Paris and told him that his plot would be supported from Scotland by the armed intervention of Donald Earl of Mar, a personal friend of the ex-king. Kent was executed and Beaumont would never be allowed to return to England while Mortimer and Isabella held on to power.

paragraph: Section::::Edward de Balliol.

paragraph: The peace of Northampton seemed to end forever the hopes of the disinherited. Two things changed this: the death of King Robert Bruce in 1329, followed in 1330 by a palace coup in England, which saw the overthrow and execution of Roger Mortimer and the assumption of full powers by King Edward III. In Scotland, Robert's infant son, David II was king, bringing the inevitable tensions that follow from a royal minority. Edward, for the time being at least, maintained the peace with Scotland, but he was known to share the views of many of his countrymen that Northamption was a "turpis pax"-a shameful peace. In 1330 Edward III would make a formal request to the Scottish Crown to restore the lands of Beaumont's earldom to him, which was refused.

paragraph: From near extinction, the cause of the disinherited was now revived; but it needed direction and focus. Above all, it needed a cause, something greater than frustrated ambition. By the early 1330s the cause had become Edward Balliol, in the judgement of some the rightful King of Scotland.

paragraph: Edward Balliol is clearly an important figure; but it is difficult to decide if he was the author of his own ambitions or a lever for the designs of others. He took no part in the first war, and it is doubtful if he had any military experience before he came to Scotland in 1332. The driving force, as always, was Henry Beaumont, the lead conspirator of the disinherited. It was he who formed the 'party' of the disinherited in the period after the peace of Northampton: he who encouraged Balliol, with Edward III's approval, to leave his French estates and come to England. He was a seasoned campaigner, who had been present both at Bannockburn and the Battle of Boroughbridge, and learned much from both encounters. It is almost certain that he was the architect of Balliol's victory at the Battle of Dupplin Moor where he fought; and he is likely to have advised Edward on the tactics that brought him the first great military success of his career at the Battle of Halidon Hill, the exact foretaste of the later triumph at Crécy. Beaumont, moreover, provided much of the financial support that allowed the impecunious Balliol to descend on Scotland at the head of an army of freebooters. But his principal loyalty was to himself and then to Edward III; for, as time would show, Edward Balliol was a hook on which he hung the cloak of his ambitions.

paragraph: Section::::War by other means.

paragraph: In assuming power Edward would have been mindful of the support he had received from Beaumont. He would also have been aware that while the restless earl was a useful friend he was also a dangerous enemy. Beaumont's shifting loyalties since 1323 had all been dictated by his overriding desire to recover the earldom of Buchan. But Edward embraced the cause of the disinherited for reasons more subtle than simple gratitude: for Beaumont's tireless plotting eventually provided the occasion to set aside the peace of 1328.

paragraph: Before the end of 1330 Edward started to make strong diplomatic representations on behalf of Beaumont and Thomas Wake, the claimant to the Lordship of Liddesdale, the only two noblemen to be officially recognised as disinherited by the English and Scottish governments. He wrote to the young King David II in December, requesting restoration of the lands of the 'Earl of Buchan' and the 'Lord of Liddesdale'. But Edward must have realised that there was little chance of the Scots accepting Beaumont and Wake in their midst. It would make little sense to hand over important lands in the west march and the north-east of Scotland to men whose personal and political loyalties lay with a potential enemy, and who were widely known to be vehement opponents of the Treaty of Northampton. David's guardian Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, was obviously conscious of this, and Edward's request was effectively ignored. Beaumont now began to seek restitution by other means.

paragraph: Sometime between 1330 and 1331 Beaumont conceived a plan to invade Scotland at the head of a private army, headed by himself and Edward Balliol. The first contacts between Balliol and Beaumont had been in 1330. In 1331 these approaches became more serious. In June both he and Strathbogie crossed the Channel to visit the exile in Picardy. Beaumont returned in August and again in November, when he was accompanied by Walter Comyn. The "Brut Chronicle" contains a colourful story, not repeated in any other source, that Balliol had incurred the displeasure of the King of France, and had to be rescued from imprisonment by Beaumont's special pleadings. What is certain is that he was finally persuaded to leave France and come to England in the winter of 1331. He was settled in the manor of Standal in Yorkshire, a property belonging to Beaumont's sister, the Lady Vesci. Beaumont then visited King Edward and obtained an important concession: he would not allow the disinherited to cross the border in open breach of the Treaty of Northampton, but he would not stop them sailing from English ports. By the summer of 1332 all was ready and a small army of archers and men-at-arms sailed from various ports in Yorkshire, landing on the coast of Fife in August.

paragraph: Section::::Battles and crowns.

paragraph: Soon after landing the army, under the skillful command of Beaumont, confronted and defeated a much larger Scottish force at the Battle of Dupplin Moor in August 1332, using an effective, and murderous, combination of infantry and archers. Building on this victory, the army advanced on Scone, where Edward Balliol was crowned King of Scots on 24 September. The coronation was a tense and unhappy occasion, for the new king and his small army were isolated in a sullen and hostile country. At the banquet after the coronation ceremony it is said that the guests remained fully armed, save for their helmets. There was good reason for this; for it is also said that the local people attached themselves to Balliol more from fear than love. The terror of the new regime soon spread, and the priors of St. Andrews wrote of the lordship of Edward Balliol and Henry Beaumont, and their inability to collect the dues from their church at Fordun 'for fear of the said Lord Henry.'

paragraph: It was clear that, in the absence of widespread native support, the adventure could only prosper with the open support of King Edward. As bait Balliol wrote to him offering to cede all of south-east Scotland to England. This proposal was carried south by Henry Beaumont and David de Strathbogie, who came to attend the meeting of Parliament at York. Before they could return Balliol and what was left of his army was surprised by a party of Bruce loyalists at Annan and chased out of the country. All of the expense and effort of the past years had come to nothing.

paragraph: Section::::Castles of sand.

paragraph: In January 1333 Edward finally dropped the pretence of neutrality: Edward Balliol was formally recognised as King of Scotland and promised military aid. Subsidies were now paid to Beaumont and the others, to help prepare for a fresh invasion. In July a fresh Scots army was cut to pieces at Halidon Hill, just outside Berwick-upon-Tweed, using the same battle tactics as Dupplin Moor. Once again the disinherited advanced into Scotland. Henry Beaumont was able to return to Buchan where, according to Andrew Wyntoun, he repaired the old Comyn stronghold of Dundarg on the Aberdeenshire coast in 1333/4, which had been destroyed by Robert Bruce in 1308:

paragraph: "The Beaumont went intil Buchan;"

paragraph: "And there, Dundarg of lime and stane"

paragraph: "He made stoutly, and therin lay."

paragraph: Even so, the hold of the disinherited lords was no more certain than before. By September 1334 Edward Balliol, faced with a full-scale revolt, sent urgent appeals to England for yet more assistance. To make matters even worse his followers, who had been brought together by greed for land, were driven apart by the very same greed. In a dispute over the estates of Alexander de Mowbray, killed at Annan in 1332, Balliol was unwise enough to quarrel with Beaumont who, in the fashion of Achilles, withdrew from Court in a fit of picque, to Dundarg.

paragraph: Balliol's regime collapsed, and for the second time in his career he fled across the border. Beaumont, in the meantime, was besieged in Dundarg by Sir Andrew de Moray of Avoch and Bothwell, the new Guardian of Scotland. Under continual attack, and running short of supplies, he was compelled to surrender on 23 December 1334. After a brief imprisonment he was ransomed and returned to England in time for the summer campaign of 1335. While he came back to Scotland it is uncertain if he ever saw Buchan again. Dundarg was destroyed for the second and last time in its history.

paragraph: Section::::Twilight.

paragraph: Beaumont was an active participant in Edward's invasion of Scotland in 1335, the largest he ever mounted on behalf of his hapless protege; but the results were no more lasting than before. In November the uncertain gains of the summer were wiped out by Moray's victory over Strathbogie at the Battle of Culblean.

paragraph: After Culblean, Balliol's shadowy kingdom virtually disappeared. Perth was retaken. Only Cupar Castle in Fife and remote Lochindorb kept his cause alive. In Lochindorb the widow of Strathbogie, Kathrine Beaumont, daughter of Henry Beaumont, had been under siege by Moray since late 1335. The rescue of Kathrine Beaumont was to allow Edward III to drape a cloak of high chivalry over one of his most destructive military adventures. English action took the form of a large-scale punitive raid, intended to knock out Scots resistance and, at the same time, forestall a possible French landing in the north-east. Edward initially gave command to Henry of Lancaster, Beaumont's son-in-law; although he eventually decided to take charge in person. Edward advanced into Aberdeenshire in the summer of 1336. Beaumont came with him, as did Edward Balliol, surely a more persistent student of spiders than Robert Bruce had ever been. Kathrine was duly rescued, while the north-east was subject to widespread destruction.

paragraph: It was in this season that Henry Beaumont embarked on his last actions in Scotland, by seeking vengeance against those whom he held responsible for the death of his son-in-law. The "Pluscarden Chronicle" describes his actions thus; "Henry Beaumont, to avenge his son-in-law, the Earl of Atholl, who was slain at Culblean, either cast into prison or put to cruel death all who had taken part in the engagement in which he was slain; whereby much innocent blood was shed. "

paragraph: In 1337 Edward III, in beginning the opening rounds of what was to become the Hundred Years War, virtually lost all interest in the future well-being of Balliol and his hopeless cause. Even Henry Beaumont, the most determined of the disinherited, had had enough. Rather than return to Scotland with Balliol the old warrior accompanied King Edward to the Low Countries, from whence he had come with his royal grandfather in 1298, where he died in March 1340, his long struggle incomplete. His son, John, never claimed the lost earldom of Buchan. When Beaumont's wife, Alice, died in 1349 the Comyn line of Buchan, which stretched back to the early thirteenth century, finally came to an end.

paragraph: By the time an Inquisition was held to assess his lands in April 1340, Henry was holding a large amount of land in Lincolnshire as well as smaller areas in Leicestershire, Northumberland and Yorkshire.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: Shortly before 14 July 1310 he married Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan (died 3 July 1349), the niece and heiress of John Comyn, Earl of Buchan (and granddaughter of Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan Lord High Constable of Scotland). He was recognised as Earl of Buchan "jure uxoris". By Alice he had children including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Beaumont (c. 1320 – 1400) who married Nicholas Audley, 3rd Baron Audley (1328–1391), without children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont (c. 1318), who married Eleanor of Lancaster, great-granddaughter of King Henry III and a sister of Henry of Grosmont.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabel de Beaumont, married Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, brother of Eleanor of Lancaster. They were ancestors of the English Royal House of Lancaster, with King Henry IV of England being the couple's grandson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katherine de Beaumont, married David III Strathbogie, titular Earl of Atholl, 1st Lord Strathbogie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan de Beaumont, who ("it is said") married Fulk VII FitzWarin, 3rd Baron FitzWarin (died 1349), of Whittington Castle in Shropshire and Alveston in Gloucestershire.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Balfour-Melville, E. W. M., "Edward III and David II", 1954.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brut, or the Chronicles of England", ed. F. W. D. Brie, 1906.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, C. "The Second Scottish War of Independence", 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pluscarden, the Book" of, ed. F. J. H. Skene 1880.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campbell, T., "England, Scotland and the Hundred Years War", in "Europe in the late Middle Ages", ed. R. Highfield et al., 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolson, R., "Edward III and the Scots", 1965.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ramsay, J. H., "The Genesis of Lancaster,1307-99", 1913.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ridpath, G., "The Border History of England and Scotland", 1810.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richardson, Douglas, "Plantagenet Ancestry", Baltimore, Md., 2004,p. 83-4,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Webster, B., "Scotland Without a King, 1329-1341", in "Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community", ed. A. Grant and K' J. Stringer, 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wyntoun, Andrew, "The Original Chronicle of Scotland", ed. N. Denholm Young, 1957.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inquisition Post Mortem, #271 dated 1340.

alias:
Henry de Beaumont
Henry de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Buchan

description: English noble

wikidata_label: Henry de Beaumont, 1st Baron Beaumont

wikipedia_title: Henry de Beaumont


text:
English
Benjamin Franklin
Ecton
Northamptonshire
England
fabric dyer
Boston
Congregational
Old South Church
tithing
American colonies
Boston
tallow
chandler
New England
Nantucket
Peter
Mary "Morrill" Foulger
James
Benjamin
Jane
arithmetic
grammar
philosophy

categories: Burials at Granary Burying Ground,Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies,Benjamin Franklin,Franklin family,1657 births,1745 deaths

paragraph: Josiah Franklin

paragraph: Josiah Franklin Sr. (December 23, 1657 – January 16, 1745) was an English businessman and the father of Benjamin Franklin. Born in the village of Ecton, Northamptonshire, England, Josiah was the ninth child of blacksmith Thomas Franklin (b. 1598), and his first wife, Jane White. Thomas was the son of Henry Franckline (b. 1573) and Agnes Joanes. Thomas Franklin remarried and had more children. Josiah Franklin worked as a fabric dyer in Ecton. In Boston, he was a member of the Congregational Old South Church where he served as a tithingman.

paragraph: Franklin immigrated to the American colonies in 1682. He married twice and had 17 children: ten boys and seven girls.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Anne Child.

paragraph: Josiah Franklin married his first wife, Anne Child, in 1677 and they had eight children: Lawrence, Elizabeth, Samuel, Hannah. Josiah Jr., Joseph (1688-1688), Joseph II (1689-1689), and Ann. Upon moving to Boston, he took up the trade of tallow chandler and soap boiler because the trade he was born to was not in demand in New England. She died from complications giving birth to Joseph II.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Abiah Folger.

paragraph: In November 1689, Josiah Franklin married his second wife, Abiah Folger, in the Old South Church. Abiah of Nantucket, Massachusetts, was the daughter of Peter and Mary "Morrill" Foulger. Peter Foulger was a schoolmaster, a miller and a surveyor.

paragraph: Abiah bore Josiah 10 children: John (1690), Peter (1692), Mary (1694), James (1697), Sarah (1699), Ebenezer (1701), Thomas (1703), Benjamin (1706), Lydia (1708), and Jane (1712).

paragraph: Section::::Benjamin Franklin.

paragraph: Josiah insisted that each of his sons must learn a trade. He had great dreams of Benjamin becoming a minister, but Josiah could only afford to send his son to school for two years. As his young Benjamin loved to read, Josiah apprenticed him to his brother James, who was a printer. Later, Benjamin Franklin borrowed books from his friends and taught himself arithmetic, grammar, and philosophy. Benjamin, whose full name was Benjamin Josiah Franklin, had a very strong relationship with his father, who had a great influence on Benjamin.

description: British businessman

wikidata_label: Josiah Franklin

wikipedia_title: Josiah Franklin


text:
United States Army
American Civil War
Medal of Honor
North Stonington
New London County
21st Connecticut Infantry
Battle of Chaffin's Farm
Fort Harrison
Virginia
Confederate
Indian Hill Cemetery
Middletown, Connecticut
William Spring Hubbell

categories: Burials at Indian Hill Cemetery,1837 births,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Union Army officers,People of Connecticut in the American Civil War,1930 deaths,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: William Stone Hubbell

paragraph: William Stone Hubbell (April 19, 1837 – August 28, 1930) was a United States Army captain during the American Civil War, and a recipient of the Medal of Honor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hubbell entered army service at North Stonington (New London County), Connecticut.

paragraph: Captain Hubbell served in Company A of the 21st Connecticut Infantry at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm. In that battle on September 30, 1864, at Fort Harrison, Virginia, he led out a small flanking party, engaged a Confederate force and at great risk captured a large number of prisoners. For this action, Hubbell was awarded the Medal of Honor on June 13, 1894.

paragraph: William Stone Hubbell died on August 28, 1930. He is buried in Indian Hill Cemetery, Middletown, Connecticut.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Captain, Company A, 21st Connecticut Infantry. Place and date: At Fort Harrison, Va., September 30, 1864. Entered service at: North Stonington, Conn. Born: April 19, 1837, Wolcottville, Conn. Date of issue: June 13, 1894.

paragraph: Citation:

paragraph: Led out a small flanking party and by a clash and at great risk captured a large number of prisoners.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Spring Hubbell (1801–1873), American politician, congressman from New York

wikidata_label: William Stone Hubbell

wikipedia_title: William Stone Hubbell


text:
Kisújszállás
Budapest
chess
grandmaster
chess champion of Hungary
Max Euwe
Milan Vidmar
Alexander Alekhine
Karlovy Vary
Jan Foltys
Miguel Najdorf
Paul Keres
Hungarian Chess Championship
Chess Olympiads
Grandmaster
Barcza System
Harry Golombek
Queen's Indian Defense
Zukertort Opening
King's Indian Attack
King's Indian Attack

categories: People from Kisújszállás,Chess grandmasters,1911 births,Hungarian chess players,1986 deaths

paragraph: Gedeon Barcza

paragraph: Gedeon (Gideon) Barcza (August 21, 1911 in Kisújszállás – February 27, 1986 in Budapest) was a Hungarian chess grandmaster. He was eight-time chess champion of Hungary.

paragraph: Section::::Chess career.

paragraph: In 1940, Barcza took third place, behind Max Euwe and Milan Vidmar, at Maróczy Jubiläum in Budapest. In September 1942, he took sixth place at the first European Championship in Munich; the event was won by Alexander Alekhine. In 1948, he took second place in Karlovy Vary; the event was won by Jan Foltys. In 1948, he tied for second/third place in Venice; the event was won by Miguel Najdorf. In 1950, he tied for second/fourth place in Salzbrunn (Szczawno Zdrój); the event was won by Paul Keres. In 1952, he took fifteenth place in Saltsjöbaden (interzonal). In 1957, he won in San Benedetto del Tronto. In 1961, he took third place in Vienna. In 1962, he tied for third/sixth place in Moscow. In 1962, he tied for fourteenth/fifteenth place in Stockholm (interzonal).

paragraph: Barcza won the Hungarian Chess Championship eight times (1942, 1943, 1947, 1950, 1951, 1955, 1957, and 1966). He played for the Hungarian team in seven Chess Olympiads (1952, 1954, 1956,1958, 1960, 1962, and 1968). Barcza was awarded the Grandmaster title in 1954.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Barcza is remembered for the opening 1.Nf3 d5 2.g3, known as the Barcza System. Harry Golombek once said of Barcza, "[he] is a most versatile player in the openings. He plays g2–g3 sometimes on the first, sometimes on the second, sometimes on the third, and sometimes not until the fourth move."

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gedeon Barcza vs. Harry Golombek, Sweden izt (18) 1952, Queen's Indian Defense: Spassky System (E14), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gedeon Barcza vs. Lodewijk Prins, Sweden izt (14) 1952, Zukertort Opening: Queen Pawn Defense (A06), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gedeon Barcza vs. Robert James Fischer, Zurich 1959, Formation: King's Indian Attack (A07), ½–½.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- King's Indian Attack

description: Hungarian chess player

wikidata_label: Gedeon Barcza

wikipedia_title: Gedeon Barcza


text:
black community of Uruguay
"Partido Autóctono Negro"
racism
negritud
Nuestra raza
Maria
Virginia Brindis de Salas
Langston Hughes
Black American Literature Forum

categories: 1889 births,20th-century Uruguayan poets,Uruguayan male poets,1974 deaths

paragraph: Pilar Barrios

paragraph: Pilar Barrios (1889 – 1974) was an important poet of the black community of Uruguay and one of the founders of the "Partido Autóctono Negro". He demonstrated in his poetry an understanding of the class-based racism in his society, and expressed hope that this could be overturned by the development of a racial consciousness (awareness of "negritud") and renovation of education. He was optimistic in regards to this project, because he believed in the fundamental equality of people and races, as he expressed in his poems. One of his means of expression was the journal "Nuestra raza", which he co-founded with his sister Maria in 1917. By the publishing of "Piel negra" in 1947, he became one of only two black Uruguayan poets to be published in book form (the other was Virginia Brindis de Salas). As one of the most notable black intellectuals in the country, he was in contact with the larger world of black intellectual activity, corresponding with, for example, Langston Hughes.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jackson, Richard. "The shared vision of Langston Hughes and black Hispanic writers", "Black American Literature Forum", Vol. 15, No 3, pp. 89–92

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roberts, Nicole. "Añoranzas negras: la poesía negra uruguaya del siglo XX", "Politica y Cultura", Autumn 2004, No 22, pp. 183–195

description: Uruguayan writer

wikidata_label: Pilar Barrios

wikipedia_title: Pilar Barrios


text: KT

text: DL

text: JP

text: Randolph Stewart, 9th Earl of Galloway

text: Harriett Blanche

text: Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort

text: Harrow School

text: first-class

text: cricket

text: Marylebone Cricket Club

text: Member of Parliament

text: Wigtownshire

text: Galloway House

text: House of Lords

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: Kirkcudbrightshire

text: Wigtownshire

text: Knight of the Thistle

text: Lady Arabella Arthur

categories: Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers,Lords High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland,19th-century Scottish people,Politics of Dumfries and Galloway,1835 births,1901 deaths,UK MPs 1868–1874,Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club,Earls of Galloway,Scottish cricketers,Knights of the Thistle,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies

paragraph: Alan Stewart, 10th Earl of Galloway

paragraph: Alan Plantagenet Stewart, 10th Earl of Galloway KT, DL, JP (21 October 1835 – 7 February 1901), styled Lord Garlies until 1873, was a British peer and politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Galloway was the eldest son of Randolph Stewart, 9th Earl of Galloway, and Lady Harriett Blanche, daughter of Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort. He was educated at Harrow School.

paragraph: Section::::Cricket.

paragraph: He played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club between 1858 and 1864.

paragraph: Section::::Public life.

paragraph: Galloway sat as Member of Parliament for Wigtownshire between 1868 and 1873. The latter year he succeeded to his father's earldom and estates, including the family seat of Galloway House, and entered the House of Lords.

paragraph: He was also Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland from 1876 to 1877 and a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant for Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire. In 1887 he was appointed a Knight of the Thistle.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Galloway married Lady Arabella Arthur, daughter of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury, in 1872 (he was consequently the brother-in-law of Prime Minister Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury). The marriage was childless. He died in February 1901, aged 65, and was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother, Randolph. Lady Galloway died in August 1903.

paragraph: On 14 October 1889, The Earl of Galloway appeared in Dumfries Sheriff Court on a charge of indecent behaviour towards a young girl. He was found 'not guilty'. See The Scotsman (1860–1920) dated 15 October 1889.

paragraph: On 23 January 1890, the Earl of Galloway appeared again in court, Glasgow Central Police Court, charged with having been 'riotous, disorderly or indecent' in his behaviour, by accosting, following and molesting Margaret Brown and one or more female passengers. The charge was found 'not proven'. See Scotsman (1860–1920) dated 24 Jan 1890.

description: Scottish cricketer

wikidata_label: Alan Stewart, 10th Earl of Galloway

wikipedia_title: Alan Stewart, 10th Earl of Galloway


text:
Algeria
pied noir
Roman Catholic
Royal Air Force
Second World War
First Indochina War
Algerian War of Independence
civil war
Albert Camus
Rovigo
Algeria
Sidi Moussa
World War II
Royal Air Force
Ruhr Basin
Free French Forces
Allied invasion of North Africa
Dumfries
First Indochina War
Mao Zedong
Manès Sperber
1953 Berlin uprising
Hundred Flowers Campaign
Vézelay
Mary Magdalene
Éditions Grasset
Le Désert de Retz
Pierre Jean Jouve
Gallimard
Albin Michel
Albin Michel
Actes Sud
Gérard Oberlé
Jean Amrouche
Sperber, Manès

categories: Free French military personnel of World War II,20th-century French novelists,French male novelists,20th-century essayists,French essayists,People from Bougara,Prix Renaudot winners,French male essayists,1907 births,2000 deaths,Non-British Royal Air Force personnel of World War II,Pieds-Noirs

paragraph: Jules Roy

paragraph: Jules Roy (22 October 1907 – 15 June 2000) was a French writer. "Prolific and polemical" Roy, born an Algerian pied noir and sent to a Roman Catholic seminary, used his experiences in the French colony and during his service in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War as inspiration for a number of his works. He began writing in 1946, while still serving in the military, and continued to publish fiction and historical works after his resignation in 1953 in protest of the First Indochina War. He was an outspoken critic of French colonialism and the Algerian War of Independence and later civil war, as well as a strongly religious man.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Like his friend Albert Camus, Roy was a descendant of white settlers in French Algeria. He was born in Rovigo, Algeria, and spent his childhood on the farm of his maternal grandparents, the Pâris, small landholders who lived near the village of Sidi Moussa, about eight kilometres north of the town. Roy was the fruit of an adulterous liaison between Mathilde Roy, the wife of a policeman, and Henri Dematons, a school-teacher.

paragraph: During World War II, Roy commanded a Royal Air Force squadron which was engaged in bombing the Ruhr Basin; he described the missions in "La Vallée heureuse" (Charlot, 1946). In his memoirs the journalist Walter Lewino states that when Roy first joined the Free French Forces after the Allied invasion of North Africa, he was sent for flight training to Dumfries, where upon skills testing the British ignored his captain's rank and designated him a second navigator, making Roy junior under British rules to his pilot let alone squadron leadership. In June 1953 Roy resigned from the army, at the rank of colonel, in protest at the government's policies in the First Indochina War.

paragraph: His "Le Voyage en Chine" (Julliard, 1965) recounts the story of a visit to Mao Zedong's China during which he planned to make a film portraying what he had imagined to be the successful transformation of the society, only to be disappointed at the lack of access to real conditions. Manès Sperber points out that unlike most such "pilgrims to Utopia", Roy did not only look for what he had already found, but also criticizes him for failing to see through the propaganda-laden words of the people he interviewed. Sperber holds that events such as the 1953 Berlin uprising teach us the "unforgettable lesson" that even people who have spent the decisive years of their lives under a mono-political system can still rise up against it; this — and reflection on the failure of the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the subsequent crackdown, events of which Roy well knew — shows that he could have avoided making the mistake of taking the platitudinous eulogies of the stage-managed interviews at face value.

paragraph: In 1995, Roy, who had been living in France for many years, returned to Algeria and visited his mother's grave in the small pied noir cemetery at Sidi Moussa. Roy spent the last years of his life in Vézelay, following his interest in the life of Mary Magdalene. He was first married to Mirande Grimal with whom he had two children, Jean-Louis and Genevieve. Following a divorce he married Tatiana Soukoroukoff in 1965 (she died in 2012). Both children survived him.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Novels

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le tonnerre et les anges", Éditions Grasset, 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Désert de Retz", Grasset, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Chevaux du soleil", Grasset, 1980, 6 volumes ; one volume edition, Omnibus, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Saison des Za", Grasset, 1982.

paragraph: Non-fiction

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ciel et terre", Alger, Charlot, 1943 (épuisé).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Vallée heureuse", Charlot, 1946, with a preface by Pierre Jean Jouve ; Gallimard, 1948 ; Éditions Julliard, 1960 ; Albin Michel, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Métier des armes", Gallimard, 1948 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Retour de l'enfer", Gallimard, 1953 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Navigateur", Gallimard, 1954 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Femme infidèle", Gallimard, 1955 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Flammes de l'été", Gallimard, 1956 ; Julliard, 1960 ; Albin Michel, 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Belles Croisades", Gallimard, 1959 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Guerre d'Algérie", Julliard, 1960 ; Christian Bourgois, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Bataille de Dien Bien Phu", Julliard, 1963 ; Albin Michel, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Voyage en Chine", Julliard, 1965.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Mort de Mao", Christian Bourgois, 1969 ; Albin Michel, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Amour fauve", Grasset, 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Danse du ventre au-dessus des canons", Flammarion, 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pour le lieutenant Karl", Christian Bourgois, 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pour un chien", Grasset, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Une affaire d'honneur", Plon, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyrouth viva la muerte", Grasset, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guynemer, l'ange de la mort", Albin Michel, 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mémoires barbares", Albin Michel, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amours barbares", Albin Michel, 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un après-guerre amoureux", Albin Michel, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adieu ma mère, adieu mon cœur", Albin Michel, 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Journal, t. 1, Les années déchirement, 1925-1965", Albin Michel, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Journal, t. 2, Les années cavalières, 1966-1985", Albin Michel, 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Journal, t. 3, Les années de braise, 1986-1996", Albin Michel, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lettre à Dieu", Albin Michel, 2001.

paragraph: Essays

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Comme un mauvais ange", Charlot, 1946 ; Gallimard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Homme à l'épée", Gallimard, 1957 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Autour du drame", Julliard, 1961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passion et mort de Saint-Exupéry", Gallimard, 1951 ; Julliard, 1960 ; La Manufacture, 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Grand Naufrage", Julliard, 1966 ; Albin Michel, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Turnau", Sienne, 1976 (hors commerce).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Éloge de Max-Pol Fouchet", Actes Sud, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Étranger pour mes frères", Stock, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Citoyen Bolis, tambour de village", Avallon, Voillot,1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vézelay ou l'Amour fou", Albin Michel, 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rostropovitch, Gainsbourg et Dieu", Albin Michel, 1991.

paragraph: Poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trois Pières pour des pilotes", Alger, Charlot, 1942.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chants et prières pour des pilotes", Charlot, 1943 ; Gallimard, 1948 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sept Poèmes de ténèbres", Paris, 1957.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prière à Mademoiselle Sainte-Madeleine", Charlot, 1984 ; Bleu du Ciel, Vézelay, 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chant d'amour pour Marseille", Jeanne Laffitte, 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cinq Poèmes", Avallon, Voillot,1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La nuit tombe, debout camarades !", Gérard Oberlé, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poèmes et prières des années de guerre (1939–1945)", Actes Sud, 2001.

paragraph: Drama

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beau Sang", Gallimard, 1952 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Cyclones", Gallimard, 1953 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Fleuve rouge", Gallimard, 1957 ; Julliard, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Rue des Zouaves" suivi de "Sa Majesté Monsieur Constantin", Julliard, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lieutenant Karl", dramatique télé (Michel Wyn), INA, 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mort au champ d'honneur' Albin Michel, 1995.

paragraph: Pamphlet

paragraph: BULLET::::- "J'accuse le général Massu", Seuil, 1972.

paragraph: Short story

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Œil de loup du roi de Pharan", Sétif, 1945.

paragraph: Correspondence

paragraph: BULLET::::- "D'une amitié. Correspondance (1937–1962)", Édisud, 1985, with the poet Jean Amrouche

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sperber, Manès, "Man and His Deeds", McGraw-Hill, 1970.

description: French writer

wikidata_label: Jules Roy

wikipedia_title: Jules Roy


text:
Scarlat Callimachi
Moldavia
Russia
University of Kiev
Europe
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman
London
Paris
Prince of Samos
Versailles
Vienna
Thompson Cooper

categories: Year of birth missing,19th-century Romanian people,Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to Austria,Callimachi family,People of the Ottoman Empire of Romanian descent,Year of death missing,Princes of Samos

paragraph: Alexandros Kallimachis

paragraph: Son of Scarlat Callimachi, Alexandru Callimachi or Alexandros Kallimachis () fled Moldavia with his mother and other members of his family in 1821, at the time of his father's death. The family sought refuge in Russia, where Alexander finished his studies, at the University of Kiev. After traveling through Europe, he made his way to the Ottoman Empire in 1829, where his family possessions and titles were restored to him.

paragraph: He entered the service of the Ottoman administration, first serving as attache and later as counselor to Rashid Pasha, the Ottoman ambassador to Paris at the time.

paragraph: In 1848 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to London, and then, a year later, to Paris under the same title. In 1850 he was appointed Prince of Samos, a position which he never accepted personally, choosing rather to administer the island through the offices of a delegate, Georgios Konemenos. Though his rule was resisted by some of the islanders, he is known for having founded the constitutional political system of the Principality. That consisted of the separation of the divided the legislative, executive and judicial powers. He also advanced the educational system, establishing four Greek schools and twenty two elementary schools, and also established a system of courts as well as a printing house.

paragraph: In 1853 he retired to Versailles but was recalled in 1855 was appointed ambassador to Vienna, a position which he was only able to assume after having played an important part in the Istanbul conferences on the re-organization of the Danubian principalities.

paragraph: For his services, in June 1861, Kallimachis was granted the Ottoman title of Bala, the first Christian to have been conferred that honor.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nita Dan Danielescu. "Gavriil Callimachi, ctitorul Catedralei mitropolitane Sf. Gheorghe din Iasi" "Ziarul Lumina," 2006-02-20

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thompson Cooper. "Men of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries." p. 201; G. Routledge and sons, London, New York, 1875

paragraph: BULLET::::- The History of Samos

description: Prince of Samos

wikidata_label: Alexandros Kallimachis

wikipedia_title: Alexandros Kallimachis


href: Poland Stanislaviv Ivano-Frankivsk Ukraine Poland Ruthenians Judaism Vienna Germany Karl%20Schmidt-Rottluff France Pierre%20Bonnard Georges%20Braque United%20States%20Army World%20War%20II existential Braque Cubist Fauvism Expressionism New%20York%20City

text:
Polish
Stanislaviv
Ivano-Frankivsk
Ukraine
Poland
Ruthenian
Jewish
Vienna
German
Karl Schmidt-Rutloff
France
Pierre Bonnard
Georges Braque
United States Army
World War II
existential
Braque
Cubist
Fauvism
Expressionism
New York City

categories: 20th-century Polish painters,1909 births,1978 deaths,Artists from Vienna

paragraph: Maxim Bugzester

paragraph: Maxim Bugzester (August 31, 1909 – 1978) was a Polish painter born in Stanislaviv, now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine then in Poland, of Ruthenian-Jewish parents.

paragraph: Bugzester grew up in Vienna, studied at the Academy in Vienna, and then at age fourteen studied with the German Expressionist Karl Schmidt-Rutloff (1884–1976). He moved to France and worked with Pierre Bonnard (1867–1947) and later, for over two years, with Georges Braque (1882–1963). In 1935, he moved to the United States, and served in the United States Army during World War II. His work is generally known for its innovative brushwork, vibrant colours, and sometimes stark manner of representation; his art ranges from displaying existential topics (his many faceless figures with uncertain purpose) and bold landscapes to more classical (nude bathers) and everyday subjects (park settings, still lifes). His work is often overlooked in its connection to its mid and early twentieth-century European origins; his relationship with Braque (both personal and artistic) is subtle though clear in some of his work (revealing some moments of Cubist influence), but the legacy in much of his art most strongly reveals its roots in Fauvism and, in a larger context, Expressionism.

paragraph: He painted, exhibited (often at the Panoras Gallery), exhibited Gallery d'Hautbar, New York City in 1969, and taught art in New York until his death on 21 October 21 1978.

description: Polish artist

wikidata_label: Maxim Bugzester

wikipedia_title: Maxim Bugzester


text:
Count palatine
Cephalonia
Zakynthos
Ithaca
Lefkada
Vonitsa
Guglielmo Tocco
Angevin
Corfu
John I Orsini
Count palatine
Cephalonia
Robert of Taranto
Hungary
Ithaca
Lefkada
Philip II of Taranto
Naples
Principality of Achaea
Joan I of Naples
Niccolò Acciaioli
Niccolò III dalle Carceri
Duke of Naxos
Venetian
bailli
Negroponte
Viceroy
Calabria
Marquess
Carlo I Tocco
Despot of Epirus
Leonardo II Tocco
Corinth
Glarentza
Angelokastron

categories: 1370s deaths,Counts palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos,Tocco family,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Leonardo I Tocco

paragraph: Leonardo I Tocco (died 1375/1377) was the Count palatine of the islands of Cephalonia and Zakynthos from 1357 until his death, and later lord of Ithaca, Lefkada, and the port of Vonitsa as well.

paragraph: He was the son of Guglielmo Tocco, the Angevin governor of Corfu in the 1330s, and his second wife Margaret Orsini, the daughter of John I Orsini, Count palatine of Cephalonia.

paragraph: Through his father, Leonardo was closely connected to the Angevin dynasty, and in particular Robert of Taranto. Leonardo was one of the witnesses to his marriage, and later was instrumental in securing Robert's release from captivity in Hungary in 1352. As a reward, in 1357, Robert named him Count palatine of Cephalonia, Zakynthos and possibly Ithaca as well. Probably by ca. 1362, and certainly before 1373, Leonardo also succeeded in gaining control over Lefkada and the port of Vonitsa on the Epirote mainland. In 1374, following the death of Philip II of Taranto, he was part of a delegation which went to Naples and offered the Principality of Achaea to Queen Joan I of Naples. He died sometime between March 1375 and August 1377.

paragraph: Leonardo was married to Maddalena Buondelmonti, a niece of the powerful Niccolò Acciaioli. By her he had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petronilla (died 1409/1410), married Niccolò III dalle Carceri, Duke of Naxos (died 1383) and then Nicola Venier, the Venetian bailli of Negroponte

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giovanna, married Enrico di Ventimiglia, Count of Geraci

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susanna, married Nicola Ruffo, Count of Cantanzaro, Viceroy of Calabria, Marquess of Cotrone

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carlo I Tocco (died 1429), Leonardo's successor as count palatine, he eventually became Despot of Epirus as well

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leonardo II Tocco (died 1418/19), lord of Zakynthos, governor of Corinth, lord of Glarentza and Angelokastron

description: Greek noble

wikidata_label: Leonardo I Tocco

wikipedia_title: Leonardo I Tocco


text:
cautela sociniana
Mariano Sozzini the elder
Siena
Celso Sozzini
Lelio Sozzini
Fausto Sozzini
Socinian

categories: 16th-century jurists,Italian jurists,House of Sozzini,1556 deaths,1482 births

paragraph: Mariano Sozzini

paragraph: Mariano Sozzini il giovane also Socini (1482–1556) was an Italian jurist after whom the "cautela sociniana" is named. He was descended from Mariano Sozzini the elder (1397–1467) the first of the family of freethinkers.

paragraph: Mariano the younger was born in Siena. He married Agnese Petrucci and had seven sons including Celso Sozzini, Lelio Sozzini, and Alessandro Sozzini, who died young, but was father of Fausto Sozzini, became the figurehead of the Unitarian "Socinian" movement in Poland.

description: Italian jurist

wikidata_label: Mariano Sozzini

wikipedia_title: Mariano Sozzini


text:
Arles
Avignon
Bongodas Judah Nathan
Bible
Talmud
apostate
Jewish apologetic works
Joshua Lorki
counter-missionary
Masorah
Hebrew Biblical concordance
Jewish refutation
Samuel of Morocco
Jewish Bible
Messiahship of Jesus
Latin
Arlotus of Prato
exegesis
Buxtorf
Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi
I. S. Reggio
Moses Schorr
Moritz Steinschneider
Ernest Renan
Adolf Neubauer
Heinrich Grätz
Henri Gross
Zunz

categories: 14th-century births,Jewish philosophers,Jewish biblical scholars,15th-century deaths,15th-century French people

paragraph: Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus

paragraph: Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus was a French Jewish philosopher and controversialist. He lived at Arles, perhaps at Avignon also, and in other places, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

paragraph: He belonged to the well-known Nathan family, which claimed its descent from David; he was probably the grandson of the translator Maestro Bongodas Judah Nathan. According to the statement of Isaac himself, in the introduction to his concordance (see below), he was completely ignorant of the Bible until his fifteenth year, his studies having been restricted to the Talmud and to religious philosophy.

paragraph: Later he took up other branches of learning, and owing to his frequent association with Christians and to the numerous anti-Jewish writings of Jewish apostates that appeared at that time, he turned his attention to religious controversy.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus was the author of the following Jewish apologetic works (some are still extant, and some are known only through citations):

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tokaḥat Mat'eh", against Joshua Lorki (Geronimo de Santa Fé after baptism)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mibẓar Yiẓḥaḳ", counter-missionary anti-Christian polemics

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Me'ah Debarim", for the instruction of youth, twenty-one essays on various topics, the Biblical names of God forming one, another being on the Masorah

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Me'ammeẓ Koaḥ", on virtue and vice, in three parts

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meïr Netib", a Hebrew Biblical concordance upon which the author worked from 1437 to 1447

paragraph: BULLET::::- with a philosophico-exegetical introduction ("Petiḥat Meïr Netib") containing a Jewish refutation of the arguments contained in the epistle of the fictitious Samuel of Morocco, who endeavored to demonstrate from the Jewish Bible the Messiahship of Jesus (introduction to Nathan's concordance)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Concordance of the Hebrew Bible.

paragraph: The "Meïr Netib" was the first Bible concordance in Hebrew, and was distinguished from the similar Latin work of Arlotus of Prato in that its vocabulary was arranged in the order of the roots. In the introduction the author says that his work aimed to facilitate the study of Biblical exegesis and to prevent Jewish converts to Christianity from making, in their religious controversies, incorrect quotations from the Bible, as was often the case with Geronimo de Santa Fé. The "Meïr Netib," with its complete introduction, was first published at Venice (erroneously under the name of Mordecai Nathan) in 1523; in 1556 it was published at Basel by Buxtorf, but with only a part of the introduction.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi, "Dizionario", p. 77;

paragraph: BULLET::::- I. S. Reggio, "Iggerot", i. 71;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moses Schorr, in "He-Ḥaluẓ", i. 29, note 6;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moritz Steinschneider, "Cat. Bodl." col. 1141;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernest Renan-Adolf Neubauer, "Les Ecrivains Juifs Français", p. 582;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Grätz, "Gesch." viii. 162;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henri Gross, in "Monatsschrift", xxix. 518 et seq.;

paragraph: BULLET::::- idem, "Gallia Judaica", p. 89;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zunz, "G. S." iii. 190

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Stouff. « Isaac Nathan et les siens. Une famille juive d’Arles des XIVe et XVe siècles », in "La famille juive au Moyen-Age. Provence-Languedoc", [actes du colloque bilingue sur la famille juive au Moyen-Age, France du Midi, XIVe-XVe siècles (Toronto, 27-28 mars 1985)], numéro spécial de Provence historique, T. 37 fasc. 150, 1987, p. 499-512

description: French philosopher

wikidata_label: Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus

wikipedia_title: Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus