text: Toronto

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: anti-globalization

text: social justice

text: anarchist

text: Montreal

text: St. Michael's College School

text: University of Toronto

text: University of British Columbia

text: APEC

text: Vancouver

text: Svend Robinson

text: UBC

text: Royal Canadian Mounted Police

text: Jean Chrétien

text: International Monetary Fund

text: Quebec City Summit of the Americas

text: catapult

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: Palestinian

text: Israel

text: Benjamin Netanyahu

text: Concordia University

text: Asper Foundation

text: The Globe and Mail

text: West Bank

text: International Solidarity Movement

text: Russian Compound

text: Maasiyahu Prison

text: deported

text: Concordia University

text: gross negligence

text: James Brunton

text: SUV

text: New York Daily News

text: Republican National Convention

text: Kazi Toure

text: molotov cocktail

text: New York Post

text: Concordia University

text: McGill University

text: global apartheid

text: Monte Solberg

text: Citizens for Public Justice

text: moratorium

text: CKUT

text: A-Infos Radio Project

text: Afghanistan

text: Stephen Harper

text: International Women’s Day

text: protests

text: G-20 Summit

text: Toronto

text: No One is Illegal

text: Toronto police

text: Amir Khadir

text: Québec Solidaire Party

categories: Canadian people of South Asian descent,Anti-corporate activists,Canadian anarchists,Canadian activists,Trinity College (Canada) alumni,University of Toronto alumni,1971 births,People from Montreal,People from Toronto,Living people

paragraph: Jaggi Singh (activist)

paragraph: Jaggi Singh (born March 4, 1971 in Toronto, Ontario) is one of Canada's most high-profile anti-globalization and social justice activists. He is an anarchist. Singh lives in Montreal, where he works with groups such as Solidarity Across Borders (a local migrant-rights organization) and the No One Is Illegal collective, among others. Singh graduated from St. Michael's College School of Toronto and attended the University of Toronto. He also attended the University of British Columbia.

paragraph: Section::::1997 APEC summit.

paragraph: Singh first came into the public spotlight during the protests outside the 1997 APEC conference held in Vancouver. According to Canadian Member of Parliament, Svend Robinson, the day before the summit started: "Jaggi Singh, one of the organizers of the APEC alert ... [was] arrested, wrestled to the ground on the UBC campus by three plainclothes police officers, handcuffed, thrown in the back of an unmarked car with tinted glass, driven off and locked up during the APEC summit."

paragraph: Singh was charged with assault after allegedly yelling into the ear of a campus security guard with a megaphone and spent the duration of the conference in jail. In February 1999, the assault charge was dropped by Crown prosecutors before going to trial.

paragraph: Singh was one of 51 people to file a complaint against the conduct of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) at the APEC summit that sparked a formal investigation by the Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP. In March 2000, he was one of three people to formally withdraw from the inquiry, alleging that Prime Minister Jean Chrétien's rejection of an invitation to testify before the Commission was proof that the process was flawed.

paragraph: In one of the findings condemning RCMP behavior issued in the final report by the Commission, it was noted that: "Mr. Jaggi Singh was arrested on a warrant based on a spurious charge; the manner of his arrest was inappropriate in the circumstances; the timing of the arrest was calculated to prevent him from attending protests on November 25; the bail conditions sought were overly restrictive."

paragraph: Section::::G-20 & the Quebec City Summit of the Americas.

paragraph: Singh would continue to attend Canadian rallies and protests, and continued to face arrests. In October 2000, he was arrested at a G-20 protest in Montreal, and charged with "participation in a riot", and illegal assembly and mischief. Police claimed that Jaggi’s speech against the International Monetary Fund incited the crowd, and that he announced the availability of medical help while riot police were charging at the crowd. In April 2003, he was acquitted of the riot charges.

paragraph: Singh gained widespread notoriety as the longest-detained demonstrator arrested by police at the Quebec City Summit of the Americas. Witnesses reported that, "he was grabbed from behind by police masquerading as protesters" and "dragged away in a beige van". Singh was held for a total of 17 days, and charged with breaking conditions from previous arrests and with weapons charges - for a mock catapult that launched teddy bears that was actually constructed and operated by an unrelated group from Edmonton, which released a satirical statement denying Singh's involvement with the catapult.

paragraph: During his imprisonment, "Free Jaggi Singh" protests took place in Montreal, and as far away as the Czech Republic, France, Germany and the United States. He was released on $3,000 bail with conditions that prohibited him from leading or organizing any demonstrations or using a megaphone.

paragraph: In a telephone interview conducted while he was in the Orsainville jail near Quebec, Singh explained his view that legal action against him and other political activists was designed to intimidate them into silence, and split them off from mainstream public opinion:

paragraph: During the lengthy pre-trial process, the weapons charge was dropped, and Singh’s request in November 2003 for a stay of proceedings based on "unreasonable delay and abuse of process," was accepted two months before the case would have gone to trial in January 2004. In his ruling, Judge Beaulieu of the Quebec Superior Court agreed with Singh’s position that: "... the bail conditions imposed on May 2001 have restrained his right to freedom, opinion, expression and the right of freedom of association as protected by article 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms."

paragraph: Section::::Pro-Palestinian activism.

paragraph: Singh is also known for his pro-Palestinian activism and for organizing protests in and around Montreal.

paragraph: On September 9, 2002, he participated in a protest against a speech by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu which was to be presented by the pro-Israel club at Concordia University, with support from the Asper Foundation. The talk was canceled when confrontations between protestors, police and security agents became violent, resulting in widespread coverage in the media, including an article in The Globe and Mail written by Singh himself.

paragraph: In January 2003, Singh was deported by Israeli authorities after having gone to the West Bank on an invitation from the International Solidarity Movement. He had initially been denied entrance to the country upon his arrival in December 2002, but fought the decision in court. Though he won the right to stay for three weeks, he was barred from visiting the West Bank. Singh refused to abide by the order and made public his reasons for doing so, writing: "It's not for an occupying power to decide who can or can't enter

paragraph: Palestine... I've decided then to ignore the Israeli security services and listen to the Palestinian activists. It was an easy choice to make." On January 8, 2003, Singh was nabbed by undercover police officers in Jerusalem. He was held at the Russian Compound and then the Maasiyahu Prison, before being deported back to Canada.

paragraph: On January 20, 2003, Singh was to speak at a demonstration in support of students facing disciplinary charges for the September 9 protest against Benjamin Netanyahu. He was arrested on university campus by police and charged with illegal assembly, obstruction, mischief, assault, conspiracy and breaking prior conditions, for the September 9 protest.

paragraph: Singh mounted his own defense and filed an abuse of process motion after the prosecution failed to disclose more than 30 unedited videos taken by surveillance cameras the day of the protest. He put it to the court that the videos showed inconsistencies with the evidence given by security guards and supported his version of events.

paragraph: In his ruling, Montreal Municipal Court Judge Pierre Fontaine wrote that the Concordia University Administration had exhibited "gross negligence" that amounted to a "flagrant violation" of Singh's right to a fair trial. The dismissal of the charges at that time meant that Singh enjoyed his first totally clean judicial record in years.

paragraph: The Crown successfully appealed Judge Fontaine's decision and the charges were reinstated. In his judgement rendered on August 23, 2006, Superior Court of Quebec Judge James Brunton wrote: "the trial judge erred when he held that officials of Concordia University were grossly negligent in not volunteering the production of the videocassettes before receiving a subpoena "duces tecum" during the motion hearing. My reading of the transcripts leads me to the exact opposite conclusion. Officials of Concordia were exemplary in their co-operation with the prosecution and the Court. They were exemplary in their dealings with the Respondent during the hearing of the motion."

paragraph: On April 19, 2006, Singh was attending a pro-Palestinian poetry-reading/music fundraising event,

paragraph: organized by Sumoud at the El Salon cafe, when he was arrested by Montreal police. Reports conflict as to what happened exactly. Police say they were responding to an allegation of assault reported by a "taxi driver" outside the cafe. They say they attempted to question Singh about the alleged assault and pursued him inside the cafe to do so, but that many of the 70 people in attendance attempted to obstruct them. Singh says the man who police say was a taxi driver was wearing a suit and driving an unmarked SUV. He says that the man pushed him after Singh asked him what he was doing parked on the side of the road wearing an earpiece. Police ended up charging Singh and one other person with obstruction, and three others were given municipal fines.

paragraph: Section::::Media portrayal in United States.

paragraph: In 2004, the "New York Daily News" drew reference to Singh in an article about protesters against the Republican National Convention. The article incorrectly spoke of Singh being Muslim (he was born to a Sikh father and Catholic mother), prone to violence, that he was proficient in firearms and received training from Kazi Toure, and that the teddy-bear launching catapult of the Quebec Summit of the Americas had instead launched molotov cocktails. At the same time, the New York Post published a photo of someone they alleged to be Singh shooting off a handgun.

paragraph: Singh does not readily throw himself into the spotlight due to an awareness of how the media likes to develop cults of personality: "I didn't choose to be covered in the way I have been. I've said no to interviews far more often than I've said yes." In 2001, when the CBC's The Fifth Estate aired a documentary profile of Singh, it was difficult to get his cooperation. Anna Maria Tremonti, the show's host, noted that "Often, people clamour to get in front of a microphone. But Jaggi didn't clamour."

paragraph: Singh does acknowledge that not all his dealings with the media have been bad: "There are some journalists who are willing to take time on a story. That doesn't mean days, it just means making a couple of calls and getting all the background information so the story is not exploitative."

paragraph: He was interviewed and included in a PBS documentary # "Commanding Heights":

paragraph: about the global political economy. Of free trade agreements, like NAFTA, he says: "We are not here to negotiate the terms of our own misery."

paragraph: Section::::Other activism.

paragraph: Section::::Other activism.:Civil liberties & Montreal Police tactics.

paragraph: Singh provided an "activist arrest and trial calendar" to the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in support of a complaint filed by "La Ligue des droits et libertés", outlining heavy-handed Montreal police tactics that had resulted in 2,000 arrests between 1999 and 2004. In November 2005, the UN body's report singled out Montreal police for the disproportionate use of mass arrests, stating: "The State party should ensure that the right of persons to peacefully participate in social protests is respected, and ensure that only those committing criminal offences during demonstrations are arrested ... The Committee also invites the State party to conduct an inquiry into the practices of the Montreal police forces during demonstrations, and wishes to receive more detail about the practical implementation of article 63 of the Criminal Code relating to unlawful assembly." Singh cited the results of the report as a vindication for Montreal activists: "The report validates what protesters have been saying about these protests, that these mass arrests are essentially a tactic by Montreal police to prevent by fear the involvement of young people who take to the streets in protest."

paragraph: Section::::Other activism.:Migrant rights advocacy.

paragraph: In talks at Concordia University and McGill University of Montreal, Singh has outlined the links between global apartheid and the work of groups like No One Is Illegal towards protecting the rights of refugee claimants in Canada and migrants around the world. He has said that, "You can't define human beings as illegal, as exploitable [or] as non-status." He has also criticized the high bar for refugee status in Canada saying that, "You have to prove that there is a gun to your head or there will be a gun to your head," in order to be allowed to stay.

paragraph: Singh also took part in a protest of Immigration Minister Monte Solberg's speech at the annual meeting of Citizens for Public Justice in 2006, demanding a moratorium on all deportations of refugees. He was one of about a dozen protestors whose presence was cited as a disruption of the event, and which resulted in Solberg cancelling his speech and leaving the hall.

paragraph: Singh currently produces No One Is Illegal Radio, which is broadcast on CKUT and podcasted by the A-Infos Radio Project.

paragraph: Section::::Other activism.:Protesting Canadian involvement in the War in Afghanistan.

paragraph: On November 24, 2006, Singh was arrested yet again and charged with violating earlier bail conditions for taking part in a 15-person protest against Canadian involvement in the war on Afghanistan at a press conference convened by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper at the Montreal General Hospital.

paragraph: The arresting officer’s report stated that the RCMP asked Singh to leave based on his reputation as a political dissident and that he was arrested for refusing to leave after being asked to by hospital security.

paragraph: At the bail hearing, the prosecution argued for denial of bail on the basis that Singh’s history of arrests made it likely that he would re-offend. In his defense, Singh stated that, "I was targeted not for what I did, but for my reputation," and further pointed out that he had won five of the six cases previously brought against him.

paragraph: Singh submitted that, "Standing up and asking a question is not illegal. Standing up and challenging the Prime Minister’s policies is not illegal."

paragraph: Municipal Court Judge Pascal Pillarella ruled that Singh had not actually violated the conditions of his earlier bail and should not have to spend months in jail awaiting trial. Singh was released on $2000 bail, and his trial for charges including obstruction and assault was scheduled for May 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Other activism.:International Women's Day 2007.

paragraph: On March 8, 2007, Singh attended a demonstration for International Women’s Day in Montreal where he was again arrested by police. He was held in jail for five days. At the bail hearing, police contended that Singh violated a bail condition prohibiting him from attending illegal or non-peaceful demonstrations. Several witnesses, including a Cégep professor and a medical resident at the Montreal Children’s Hospital, testified that the women’s day march had been peaceful. He was released on $1000 bail. The judge commented that the "hefty bond" might work to deter Singh’s activism.

paragraph: A media alert sent out on the day of the march by a fellow demonstrator describes the particulars of Singh’s arrest as follows:

paragraph: A judge ruled that the protest was declared 'unpeaceful' by police only in order to arrest Singh. The Quebec Court of Appeals upheld a lower Superior Court decision that ordered two Montreal police officers to pay Singh $15,000, and $1,000 in damages.

paragraph: Section::::Other activism.:G-20 Toronto 2010.

paragraph: In June 2010, Singh participated in the protests during the G-20 Summit in Toronto. According to immigrant rights group No One is Illegal, Singh turned himself into Toronto police following the issuance of an arrest warrant.

paragraph: He was granted bail on July 12, after $10,000 was paid by two sureties, one of which was the Québec provincial deputy Amir Khadir, from the Québec Solidaire Party. In addition to this bail, $75,000 more, guaranteed this time by Amir Khadir and two other people whose identities were not revealed, will be charged if Singh breaks his release conditions, which are the following: house arrest at the home of one of the guarantors; handing in his passport to the authorities; he must not use a cellular phone; he must not have any contact with the 16 other activists charged with conspiracy in connection with the G20 protests.

description: Canadian activist

wikidata_label: Jaggi Singh

wikipedia_title: Jaggi Singh (activist)


text:
basketball
Kanazawa Samuraiz

categories: Kagoshima Rebnise players,Sportspeople from Nassau, Bahamas,Kanazawa Samuraiz players,Bahamian men's basketball players,Living people,Centers (basketball),1985 births,Hiroshima Lightning players,Tokyo Cinq Rêves players,Bahamian expatriates in Japan,Iwate Big Bulls players

paragraph: Gjio Bain

paragraph: Gjio Bain (born July 15, 1985) is a Bahamian professional basketball player for Kanazawa Samuraiz in Japan.

wikidata_label: Gjio Bain

wikipedia_title: Gjio Bain


text:
Sheffield Royal Infirmary
Oculist
Attercliffe Chapel

categories: British surgeons,1740s births,People from Sheffield

paragraph: William Staniforth

paragraph: William Staniforth (1749-1834) was an English surgeon, notable for being one of the first surgeons at the Sheffield Royal Infirmary.

paragraph: William was the son of Samuel Staniforth (1725-1811) and Mary Ash. His brother Samuel (1747-1824) was a linen draper, and lived next door to William on Castle Street. William was well known for his Oculist business named "Staniforth's Eye Ointment". In the 1876 publication "Reminiscences of Old Sheffield: Its Streets and Its People" William is described as being 'the best operative surgeon and oculist in town'.

paragraph: Staniforth retired in 1819 and died on 21 August 1833. He was buried in Attercliffe Chapel. Prior to the Infirmary being redeveloped, a medallion was placed on the wall of the Board Room.

description: English surgeon

wikidata_label: William Staniforth

wikipedia_title: William Staniforth


text:
Los Angeles
California
The Paynes
Oprah Winfrey Network
The Lion King
Simba
Hollywood Records
K.C. Undercover
I'm Dying Up Here
Teachers
The Paynes
Oprah Winfrey Network
Universal
Little
Simba
Disney
The Lion King
Donald Glover
Michael Jackson
BET
American Soul
Childish Gambino
Terrified
Little Big Shots
The Jackson 5
I Want You Back
The Ellen Show
Who's Lovin' You
60th Annual Grammy Awards
Los Angeles Clippers
Disney Music Group
Hollywood Records
Jermaine Dupri
Bryan-Michael Cox
Vibe
Michael Jackson
Stevie Wonder
Bruno Mars
Justin Bieber
Chris Brown

categories: American male film actors,American child singers,21st-century American male actors,2007 births,Male actors from Los Angeles,Living people

paragraph: JD McCrary

paragraph: Jaydon "JD" McCrary (born July 18, 2007) is an American singer, dancer and actor from Los Angeles, California. He is currently starring in "The Paynes" as Kenny Payne on the Oprah Winfrey Network. He starred in 2019's "The Lion King" as the voice of young Simba . He is signed to Hollywood Records and released his first extended play "Shine", in April 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Acting career.

paragraph: McCrary began his acting career in 2015 at age 8 on "K.C. Undercover", where he appeared on two episodes. In 2017, he later appeared on "I'm Dying Up Here" and "Teachers" as minor roles. McCrary stars in "The Paynes" on the Oprah Winfrey Network. He co-starred in the Universal comedy film "Little", and has provided the voice of young Simba in a remake of the Disney film "The Lion King" in 2019. McCrary said that "Donald Glover is so talented that [he] actually did have to take it into consideration, because if Simba is going to grow up to be some sort of figure and you know of it, you have to keep that motive". McCrary was cast to portray a young Michael Jackson in the BET series "American Soul", which premiered in February 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Musical career.

paragraph: In December 2016, he made a guest appearance on Childish Gambino's song "Terrified". He then had live performances on "Little Big Shots" singing The Jackson 5's "I Want You Back", "The Ellen Show" singing "Who's Lovin' You", and the 60th Annual Grammy Awards to support Childish Gambino's "Terrified". In December 2017, he sang the national anthem before a Los Angeles Clippers game after a viral singing display a few weeks prior. On January 14, he released his first official called single "Inviting All of You". On August 13, 2018, it was announced that JD McCrary became the youngest artist to sign with Disney Music Group's Hollywood Records, as he released the music video to his second single "My Name" on August 28. On January 24, 2019, he released the first single after signing to the label called "Keep in Touch".

paragraph: On April 19, 2019, McCrary released his debut EP, "Shine", which includes production from Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox.

paragraph: Section::::Artisty.

paragraph: In an interview with "Vibe", McCrary cited Michael Jackson as his biggest influence, as well as Stevie Wonder, Bruno Mars, Justin Bieber, and Chris Brown.

description: American singer, dancer and actor

wikidata_label: JD McCrary

wikipedia_title: JD McCrary


text:
infant
saint
England
miraculously
Christian
baptism
sermon
hagiography
Penda of Mercia
pagan
Northumbria
Alhfrith
Oswiu of Northumbria
Deira
Bede
Peada
Buckingham
King's Sutton
Northamptonshire
Astrop
Brackley
Wilfrid
North Yorkshire
Lincoln
Essex
Dorset
Boxley Abbey
Kent
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Orthodox Christian
Rumbold of Mechelen
Mechelen

categories: Mercian saints,662 deaths,Christian child saints,662 births,7th-century Christian saints

paragraph: Rumwold of Buckingham

paragraph: Rumwold was a medieval infant saint in England, said to have lived for three days in 662. He is said to have been miraculously full of Christian piety despite his young age, and able to speak from the moment of his birth, professing his faith, requesting baptism, and delivering a sermon prior to his early death. Several churches were dedicated to him, of which at least four survive.

paragraph: His name has a number of alternative spellings: Rumoalde, Rumwald, Runwald, Rumbald, Rumbold, Romwold, Rombout. Rumbold is the more common name used today, with streets in Buckingham and Lincoln being spelt this way.

paragraph: According to the 11th century hagiography, "Vita Sancti Rumwoldi", he was the grandson of Penda of Mercia (a pagan, but incorrectly described in Rumwold's hagiography as having converted to Christianity) and the son of a king of Northumbria. His parents are not actually named; Alhfrith, son of Oswiu of Northumbria, did marry a daughter of Penda, Cyneburh, but Alhfrith was never king of Northumbria himself, although his father was (Alhfrith did rule the subkingdom of Deira for a time). There have, however, been doubts about whether these were his parents: for instance, the Northumbrian king is described as a pagan, but Alhfrith was a Christian (at least according to Bede, who says Alhfrith convinced Penda's son Peada to convert to Christianity). Although it has been stated that Cyneburh is not known to have had any children, Northumbrian genealogy states she and Alhfrith had a further son, Osric, who subsequently became King of Northumbria himself (source: Stenton).

paragraph: In the "Vita", Rumwold's mother is described as a pious Christian who, when married to a pagan king, tells him that she will not consummate the marriage until he converts to Christianity; he does so, and she becomes pregnant. The two are called by Penda to come to him when the time of her birth is near, but she gives birth during the journey, and immediately after being born the infant is said to have cried out: "Christianus sum, christianus sum, christianus sum" ("I am a Christian, I am a Christian, I am a Christian"). He went on to further profess his faith, to request baptism, and to ask to be named "Rumwold", afterwards giving a sermon. He predicted his own death, and said where he wanted his body to be laid to rest, in Buckingham.

paragraph: Saint Rumwold is reported to have been born in Walton Grounds, near King's Sutton in Northamptonshire, which was at that time part of the Mercian royal estates, possessing a court house and other instruments of government. The field in which he was born, where a chapel once stood on the supposed spot, may still be seen. King's Sutton parish church claims that its Saxon or Norman font may well have been the one where Saint Rumwold was baptised. There are two wells associated with his name: in Astrop, just outside Kings' Sutton, and at Brackley and Buckingham, where his relics once lay. Church dedications largely follow the missionary activity of Saint Wilfrid, who was the personal chaplain of King Alhfrith (source: Bede), but once spread as far as North Yorkshire, Lincoln, Essex and Dorset.

paragraph: Boxley Abbey in Kent had a famous portrait of the saint. It was small and of a weight so small a child could lift it but at times became so heavy even strong people could not lift it. According to tradition, the attempt to lift the portrait was a test of a woman's chastity. In practice, those who paid the priest well could lift the portrait with ease, while others could not. Upon the Dissolution of the Monasteries in England, it was discovered that the portrait was held by a wooden pin by an unseen person behind the portrait.

paragraph: In 2000, a complete Orthodox Christian service to Saint Rumwold was written along with a tone system (Orthodox musical system) with which to sing it which also has more general application. The service is performed on his two feast days, which are 3 November (main feast) and 28 August (translation of relics). In 2005, the former church of Saint Rumwold in Lincoln, which is now a college, erected a plaque to celebrate the connection.

paragraph: Section::::St. Rumbold of Mechelen.

paragraph: There has been some historical confounding between Rumwold of Buckingham and Rumbold of Mechelen. The latter is locally known by the Latin name "Rumoldus" and in particular his name in Dutch, "Rombout" (in French spelled as "Rombaut"), and assumedly never called Rumwold. His usual names in English are Rumold, Rumbold, Rombout, and Rombaut. A compilation about three saints' lives as translated by Rosalind Love shows that an unknown author "corrected" a 15th-century attribution as "martyr" (assumedly Rumbold, who was murdered in Mechelen) by annotating "confessor" (fitting Rumwold, who was no martyr), and that the original dedication of churches in Northern England appears uncertain, be it that ""There is little sign that St Rombout was venerated in Anglo-Saxon England. Certainly his feast is not mentioned in any surviving pre-[C]onquest calendar"".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: "General:"

paragraph: BULLET::::- From which are relevant:

paragraph: "Indexed:"

alias:
Saint Rumwold
St. Rumwold
Rumwold

description: English infant saint

wikidata_label: Rumwold of Buckingham

wikipedia_title: Rumwold of Buckingham


text: Marxist

text: materialist

text: Indian philosophy

text: Lokayata

text: history of science

text: scientific method in ancient India

text: Charaka

text: Sushruta

text: Padma Bhushan

text: Calcutta

text: Association of Progressive Writers

text: Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan

text: S. N. Dasgupta

text: University of Calcutta

text: S. N. Dasgupta

text: Indian Council of Historical Research

text: National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies

text: Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

text: Tibetologist

text: Joseph Needham

text: George Thomson

text: Walter Ruben

text: German

text: USSR Academies of Sciences

text: Calcutta

text: Walter Ruben

text: Brahman

text: Lokayata

text: Advaita Vedanta

text: historical materialism

text: Vedic period

text: shastrartha

text: Rgveda

text: polytheism

text: yajnas

text: Manu

text: Varahamihira

text: Brahmagupta

text: Aesopian language

text: Nyaya

text: Vaisheshika

text: Kumarila Bhatta

text: Caraka Samhita

text: Indian Emergency

text: Indira Gandhi

text: Jan Sangh

text: Shiv Sena

text: E.M.S. Namboodiripad

text: Samkhya

text: Purusha

text: Prakrti

text: Carvaka/Lokayata

text: Buddha

text: Mahavira

text: Joseph Needham

text: Susruta-samhita

text: Louis Renou

text: Science and Society in Ancient India

text: An Encyclopaedia of South Indian Culture

text: Making of Astronomy in Ancient India

text: Indian Institute of Advanced Study

text: "Taranatha’s History of Buddhism in India"

text: Niharranjan Ray

text: archive.org

text: Science and Philosophy in Ancient India

text: Fifty Years of Lokayata by Ramkrishna Bhattacharya

text: Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya: The Modern Indian Sage.

text: Current Science

categories: Indian materialists,Philosophers of history,Scholars from Kolkata,Indian male philosophers,Historians of science,Indian Marxist writers,Indian communists,University of Calcutta alumni,Historians of philosophy,Sanskrit scholars from Bengal,20th-century Indian historians,Indian technology writers,20th-century Indian non-fiction writers,20th-century Indian philosophers,Contemporary Indian philosophers,University of Calcutta faculty,Indian atheists,Indian Marxists,1993 deaths,1918 births,Marxist theorists,Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education,Indian social sciences writers

paragraph: Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya

paragraph: Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (19 November 1918 – 8 May 1993) was an Indian Marxist philosopher. He made contributions to the exploration of the materialist current in ancient Indian philosophy. He is known for "", which is his exposition of the philosophy of Lokayata. He is also known for work on history of science and scientific method in ancient India, especially his 1977 book "Science and Society in Ancient India" on the ancient physicians Charaka and Sushruta. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour, posthumously, in 1998.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya was born on 19 November 1918 in Calcutta. His father was a supporter of India's freedom struggle. It was probably his influence that initiated Debiprasad to two major passions in his life – Indian philosophy and politics; he quickly progressed towards radical streams in both fields, developing a lifelong commitment to Marxism and communist movement. At a very early stage of his life Chattopadhyaya immersed himself in the left nationalist movement by joining the Association of Progressive Writers, which was formed in 1936.

paragraph: Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya obtained his academic training in philosophy in Calcutta, West Bengal under eminent philosophers like Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan and S. N. Dasgupta. After standing first in philosophy at University of Calcutta both in B.A. (1939) and M.A. (1942), he did his post-graduate research work under Prof S. N. Dasgupta. He taught philosophy at the City College of Calcutta for three decades. Subsequently, he was appointed a UGC Visiting Professor at the universities of Andhra Pradesh, Calcutta and Poona. He remained associated with the activities of the Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR), Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPHR) and the National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS) of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) under various capacities. His second wife was the renowned educationist and Tibetologist, Dr. Alaka Majumder Chattopadhyaya (1926–1998).

paragraph: Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya's work on materialism and scientific method led to his active interactions with the international community of philosophers, historians and Indologists. He collaborated with some of the outstanding western scholars of the 20th century, like Joseph Needham, George Thomson, Bongard Levin and Walter Ruben. He was fellow of the German and USSR Academies of Sciences.

paragraph: He died in Calcutta on 8 May 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Major works.

paragraph: Section::::Major works.:"Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism" (1959).

paragraph: In his writings, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya aimed to illuminate science and materialism in ancient India, and to trace their evolution. While commenting on his work on Lokayata, German indologist Walter Ruben called him a "thought-reformer", who was "conscious of his great responsibility towards his people living in a period of struggle for national awakening and of world-wide fighting for the forces of materialism, progress, humanism and peace against imperialism. He has written this book "Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism" against the old fashioned conception that India was and is the land of dreamers and mystics".

paragraph: This study questioned the mainstream view that Indian philosophy's sole concern was the concept of Brahman. "From the scattered references in the ancient philosophical literature which were completely hostile to the ancient materialist schools, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya reconstructed the philosophy of Lokayata, which consistently denied the existence of brahman and viewed pratyaksa (perception) as the sole means of knowledge. He demolished the so-called "interpretation of synthesis" which sought to combine the diverse philosophical traditions of India to form a ladder that leads to the philosophy of Advaita Vedanta.

paragraph: Being a Marxist, Chattopadhyaya's uses the method of historical materialism to study "the ultimate material basis of the primitive "deha-vada" and the primitive rituals related to it" and to reveal how these could "be connected with the mode of securing the material means of subsistence". He also traced "the course of development this archaic outlook eventually underwent".

paragraph: Section::::Major works.:"Indian Philosophy: A Popular Outline (1964)".

paragraph: It was an introductory book that examined Indian philosophy through an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on anthropological, economic and philological studies. The book traced the philosophical development in India from the Vedic period to later Buddhism. In this introductory study, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya targets another important myth that overshadows the study of Indian philosophy – that of the presupposed predominance of "shastrartha" or textual interpretation. He views the development of Indian philosophy as the consequence of real clashes of ideas – "contradiction constituted the moving force behind the Indian philosophical development". Dale Riepe in his review of this book says that Chattopadhyaya "combines the analytic sagacity of Hume with the impatient realism of Lenin".

paragraph: Section::::Major works.:"Indian Atheism: A Marxist Analysis (1969)".

paragraph: This is yet another provocative critique of the standard accounts of Indian philosophy and religion. This book brings out a coherent historical account of atheism in India. In fact, according to Chattopadhyaya, "an unbiased survey of the Vedas clearly shows the total absence of religious consciousness in its earlier stage and the Rgveda is full of relics of this stage of thought. Even the world polytheism is misapplied to such an early stage of the Vedic thought".

paragraph: Section::::Major works.:"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy (1976)".

paragraph: In the Preface, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya says his purpose in this book is to present "an analysis of our philosophical traditions from the standpoint of our present philosophical requirements. These requirements, as understood here, are secularism, rationalism and science-orientation". He once again finds the philosophical development – debates and clashes – in ancient India embedded in the class struggles of the time. He discusses the materialist foundation of Vedic rituals, which he finds similar to the magical belief of controlling the natural forces through yajnas, etc. He shows how these rites and rituals that evolved as primitive scientific endeavours were transformed into superstitions and monopolies in the hands of the oppressors with the advent of class divisions.

paragraph: The book also endeavours to demonstrate how Indian philosophy was not any exception to the sharp conflicts between idealism and materialism, which are universally evident in the philosophical traditions of other regions. Further, it considers the role of the law-givers like Manu in establishing the supremacy of the idealist traditions, and how due to the censor and censure anti-idealists like Varahamihira and Brahmagupta worked out their philosophies in distinctive Aesopian language, developing their own modes of camouflaging their ideas.

paragraph: Like elsewhere, in India too anti-idealists and materialists took practice as the main criterion of truth. Nyaya-Vaisheshikas were most outspoken in this regard, "after a knowledge is proved true in practice, there remains no doubt about the proof; hence the question of proving does not arise". On the other hand, the idealists believed in complete separation between theory and practice. They adhered to, in the words of Kumarila Bhatta, the principle of "bahyartha-sunyatva" (the unreality of the objects of knowledge), which, according to Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya, formed "the real pivot of idealism throughout its Indian career".

paragraph: Section::::Major works.:"Science and Society in Ancient India (1977)".

paragraph: This book is about scientific method in ancient India and how societal divisions of the time shaped the development of science. Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya chooses the field of medicine for the purpose, because, according to him, "the only discipline that promises to be fully secular and contains clear potentials of the modern understanding of natural science is medicine".

paragraph: The main concentration of the book is to present an analysis of Caraka Samhita, the crucial source book on Indian medicine. According to Chattopadhyaya, "discarding scripture orientation, they [the Indian physicians] insist on the supreme importance of direct observation of natural phenomena and on the technique of rational processing of the empirical data. They go even to the extent of claiming that the truth of any conclusion thus arrived at is to be tested ultimately by the criterion of practice". For them, "everything in nature occurs according to some immutable laws, the body of which is usually called "svabhava" in Indian thought" and "from the medical viewpoint there can be nothing which is not made of matter". They even say that "a substance is called conscious when it is endowed with the sense-organs". Further, Chattopadhyaya shows:

paragraph: Chattopadhyaya also tries to show in the book, how societal divisions, especially the caste system, which was enforced by the law-givers and their justificatory idealist ideologies, formed obstructions in the way of scientific development in India.

paragraph: Section::::Major works.:"Lenin, the Philosopher (1979)".

paragraph: This book was written in the context of growing state authoritarianism during the Indian Emergency declared by Indira Gandhi, on the one hand, and the upsurge of rightist forces in the form of Jan Sangh, Shiv Sena etc., on the other. Chattopadhyaya opined "that in these grim and anxious days through which India today is passing, that which holds hope for our future is the growing awareness of our people of socialism being the only way out". And, "an essential pre-condition for moving forward to Socialism is the consolidation of Socialist consciousness in its right sense among the Indians today", for which "it is imperative to understand and absorb the philosophical views of Lenin".

paragraph: This book is meant to be a "guide or introduction" to Lenin's philosophical writings. It seeks "to lead the readers to the actual study of Lenin, providing them with some clarifications, annotations and summations that they may be useful only for the limited of a preliminary acquaintance with Lenin's philosophical ideas".

paragraph: Communist leader E.M.S. Namboodiripad in his overall appreciative review of the book criticised Chattopadhyaya for not explaining "in a sufficiently convincing way as to why Lenin thought it necessary to go to Hegel in his later years", as evident from his "Philosophical Notebooks of 1914".

paragraph: Section::::Reception.

paragraph: Gerald Larson sees Chattopadhyaya's writings on ancient Indian philosophies as the most interesting and sustained Marxist interpretation of Indian thought. Reviewing Chattopadhyaya's writings on Samkhya philosophy he observes, "Chattopadhyaya proceeds to reconstruct what the original Samkhya position was, claiming that the classical notion did not include Purusha, and that the most important notion in the Samkhya is Prakrti, citing pre-Vedic Tantra traditions of a matriarchal society to be the foundation of original Samkhya." But disagreeing with this conclusion of Chattopadhyaya he says, "To argue... for an archaic agricultural-matriarchal tradition of mother-right and a pastoral-patriarchal tradition of male dominance and then to trace in a direct one-to-one correlation of a Samkhya materialism to the former and a Vedanta idealism to the latter is clearly an oversimplification that reflects Chattopadhyaya's political ideology more than it does India's ancient cultural heritage." Concluding the review Larson avers "what begins as a refreshing anthropological methodology for studying ancient thought and culture is reduced to an ideological perspective designed to show that... private property and the state machinery are not eternal adjuncts to human existence..." and that "...the spiritualistic outlook is not innate in man".

paragraph: Johannes Quack, in his preface to the book "Indian Atheism: A Marxist Analysis", writes, "This book is based on the awareness that the Indian struggle for socialism today is related to the struggle for the Indian philosophical heritage." Chattopadhaya is, he says, convinced that an analysis of philosophical materials of India will lead, "if rightly followed," to Marxism in India. He calls the book the "most powerful ideological weapon" to "destroy the fiction of Indian wisdom being essentially God oriented.". Reviewing the same book Dale Riepe calls it the most complete study of its kind; "its special importance lies in its iconoclasm toppling the idols of European and Indian accounts of early Indian religion and philosophy". He notes that the book ends with "another 140 pages of text with staggering load of argument that will make rationalists and theists alike somewhat dizzy". Noticing that Chattopadhyaya's book is markedly different from the mainstream scholarship on Indian philosophy he calls it "a work almost unique in the history of Indian philosophy".

paragraph: In his book "Indian Philosophy Since Independence", Dale Riepe calls Debiprasad's "Lokayata" "a work of originality and world significance...a fully-founded work showing the philosophical implications of historical considerations." Chattopadhyaya is a proponent of historical and dialectical materialism, writes Riepe, and Chattopadhyaya's book, according to Riepe, is a classic. Giving an overview of Debiprasad's other books Riepe writes, "These indications of the herculean efforts of Debiprasad are earnest tokens of his awareness of the great work still to be done for Indian philosophy. Although he has planted almost alone in the Indian fields, others are slowly harvesting the results at home and abroad where his renown is exceeding many of the leading idealists".

paragraph: According to Chattopadhyaya, states Riepe, "Buddha looked backwards to the tribal collectives and wanted to revive... the imaginary substance of the tribe...". According to Dale Riepe, "Chattopadhyaya claims most of the ancient Indian traditional philosophers were atheists", and contrasting the approach taken by Debiprasad with the approach taken by followers of modern Western idealism like S.N. Dasgupta, Riepe writes:

paragraph: The various publications of Chattopadhyaya on Carvaka/Lokayata have been praised as pioneering and important contributions to the studies by Ramakrishna Bhattacharya. However, Bhattacharya also questions Chattopadhyaya analysis. For example, Ramkrishna Bhattacharya states, "Chattopadhyaya did not deny Ajita Kesakambali was a materialist, but chose to emphasize that 'Ajita was no less a philosopher of futility and moral collapse than the Buddha, Mahavira, Purana and Pakudha [...]". Bhattacharya notes that "Chattopadhyaya brands Ajita's teachings as a philosophy of the graveyard".

paragraph: Chattopadhyaya's rational reconstruction of the history of Indian materialism in "Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism" and other texts, was one of the most significant contributions, states Rajendra Prasad. Chattopadhyaya's pursuit, notes Prasad, was "a result of much of his commitment to values of scholarship" as to the "communist movement" in India. His efforts to explain materialism and atheism in Indian philosophy in its antiquity, against the old fashioned conception that India was and is the land of dreamers and mystics, required "tremendous intellectual courage", yet "Chattopadhyaya never flinched in the face of isolation in his own profession".

paragraph: Endorsing the book "Lokayata" Joseph Needham wrote: "Your book will have a truly treasured place on my shelves. It is truly extraordinary that we should have approached ancient Chinese and ancient Indian civilisations with such similar results..." About Chattopadhayay's 1977 book, "Science and Society in Ancient India", he said: "I feel that you have entirely proved your case that the Caraka-samhita and the Susruta-samhita have an ambiguous character, which, when dissected, reveals the intense struggle between the theological philosophers on the one hand, and the doctors who strove for a truly scientific view of the world, on the other. It is unmistakably a chapter in the 'warfare of science with religion'...I do feel that your philological and philosophical analysis has been here a really splendid contribution."

paragraph: Commenting on Chattopadhyaya's book "Lokayata", Louis Renou wrote: "The book is of definite value and deserves to be carefully studied by Indologists and sociologists."

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1959) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Indian Philosophy: A Popular Introduction" (1964) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Indian Atheism: A Marxist Analysis" (1969) Calcutta: Manisha.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy" (1976 ) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Science and Society in Ancient India" (1977) Calcutta: Research India Publications. (Reprint 2014, K.P. Bagchi and Company, 978-81-7074-335-4)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Trends in Indian Philosophy" (1977).Prasaranga, University of Mysore.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lenin, the Philosopher" (1979) New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Encyclopaedia of South Indian Culture" (1983, with G. Ramakrishna & N. Gayathri) Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Knowledge and intervention:Studies in society and consciousness"(1985) Calcutta: Firma KLM

paragraph: BULLET::::- "History of Science and Technology in Ancient India Volume 1: The Beginnings" (1986) Calcutta: Firma KLM.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Religion and Society" (1987). Bangalore:Navakarnataka Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Defence of Materialism in Ancient India" (1989) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "History of Science and Technology in Ancient India Volume 2: Formation of the Theoretical Fundamentals of Natural Science" (1991) Calcutta:Firma KLM.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "History of Science and Technology in Ancient India Volume 3: Astronomy, Science and Society" (1996) Calcutta:Firma KLM.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Musings in Ideology- An Anthology of Analytical Essays by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya" (2002) G. Ramakrishna and Sanjay K. Biswas (Eds) Bangalore: Navakarnataka Publications Pvt. Ltd.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Making of Astronomy in Ancient India", in "Cosmic Perspectives" (1989) edited by Biswas, Mallik and Vishveshwara. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Lectures.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the Alleged Unity of Religions" S. Radhakrishnan Memorial Lecture (1992). Indian Institute of Advanced Study.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Books edited.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Taranatha’s History of Buddhism in India", Translated by Lama Chimpa and Alka Chattopadhyaya. (1970) Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Indian Studies: Past and Present, 1969-1970" (1970) Scholarly Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "History and Society: Essays in Honour of Professor Niharranjan Ray" (1978) Calcutta

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Studies in the History of Indian Philosophy: An anthology of articles by scholars Eastern and Western. In 2 Volumes." (1978). K.P. Bagchi and Company

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The History of Botany and Allied Sciences in India (c. 2000 B.C. to 100 A.D.)" (1982) New Delhi: Editorial Enterprise.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Studies in the History of Science in India". In 2 Volumes. (1983) New Delhi: Editorial Enterprises.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carvaka/Lokayata : An Anthology of Source Materials and Some Recent Studies" (1994) New Delhi: Indian Council of Philosophical Research.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Other works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philosophy, Science, and Social Progress: Essays in honour of Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya" (ed. Suman Gupta and Hiltrud Rustau)(1992) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nyaya: Gautama's Nyaya-sutra, with Vatsyayana's Commentary". Translated by Mrinalkanti Gangopadhyaya, with an introduction by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1982) Calcutta: Indian Studies.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism (1959, first edition)" by Debiprasad Chattopadhayay on archive.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya, Science and Philosophy in Ancient India

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifty Years of Lokayata by Ramkrishna Bhattacharya, "Frontier", Vol. 43, No. 12-15, Oct 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of "History of Science and Technology in Ancient India Volume 1: The Beginnings." in "Indian Journal of History of Science" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya: The Modern Indian Sage. Obituary in "Current Science", Vol 65, No.11, Dec 1993.

description: Indian philosopher

wikidata_label: Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya

wikipedia_title: Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya


text: Kongsberg

text: Norwegian

text: Fredrik Wallumrød

text: Christian Wallumrød

text: David Wallumrød

text: Helge Sten

text: Magical Orchestra

text: Morten Qvenild

text: Love Will Tear Us Apart

text: Grey's Anatomy

text: Skins

text: Fury in the Slaughterhouse

text: intro

text: Outro

text: Giovanna Pessi

text: Christian Wallumrød

text: Henry Purcell

text: Leonard Cohen

text: Nick Drake

text: Marco Ambrosini

text: Key harp

text: Jan Achtman

text: Gamba

text: Tord Gustavsen

text: Oslo Jazz Festival

text: Gammleng-prisen

text: Spellemannprisen

text: Radka Toneff Memorial Award

text: Kongsberg Jazz Award

text: Spellemannprisen

text: Spellemannprisen

text: List of Lights and Buoys

text: Rune Grammofon

text: Melody Mountain

text: Sonata Mix Dwarf Cosmos

text: Flower of Evil

text: Wild Dog

text: The Forester

text: Triangle

text: Go Dig My Grave

text: Jeg Vil Hjem Til Menneskene

text: Grappa Music

text: Gunvor Hofmo

text: Jenny Hval

text: Meshes of Voice

text: Susanna Wallumrød performs Jailbreak

text: SusannaSonata Music Label

categories: Living people,1979 births,Rune Grammofon artists,Norwegian composers,Norwegian female singers,ECM Records artists,Musicians from Kongsberg,21st-century Norwegian singers

paragraph: Susanna Wallumrød

paragraph: Susanna Karolina Wallumrød (born 23 June 1979 in Kongsberg, Norway) is a Norwegian vocalist, known for her low key original songs. She is the sister of the drummer Fredrik Wallumrød and the pianist Christian Wallumrød, cousin of the pianist David Wallumrød, and is married to the music producer Helge Sten.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Susanna and the Magical Orchestra is the moniker of singer Susanna and keyboard player Morten Qvenild. Her song "Believer" from their first album and their cover version of Joy Division's "Love Will Tear Us Apart" featured in two 3rd season episodes of the American medical drama "Grey's Anatomy" and on 3rd season of "Skins", on episode 6.

paragraph: The German rock band Fury in the Slaughterhouse uses Susanna's AC/DC-cover of "It's a Long Way to the Top If You Wanna Rock'n Roll" as intro and the Joy-Division-cover "Love Will Tear Us Apart" as Outro on their "Farewell & Goodbye Tour 2008".

paragraph: Susanna Wallumrød has cooperated with baroque harpist Giovanna Pessi, who has previously made herself known with a variety of ECM recordings. Pessi's collaboration with pianist Christian Wallumrød brought her regularly to Oslo, where she met and became friends with Susanna, the pianist's sister. Susanna invited Pessi to play on her solo album "Sonata Mix Dwarf Cosmos" (2008), and four years later, the Norwegian vocalist's turn to take guest role.

paragraph: On "If Grief Could Wait" she sings both her own songs and compositions by Henry Purcell, Leonard Cohen and Nick Drake. In the center of the album is Susannas clear voice and Pessis delicate harp. The ensemble also comprises Marco Ambrosini on Key harp and Jan Achtman at Gamba.

paragraph: A bright meeting between "Tord Gustavsen's strong Norwegian Quartet" and "Susanna Wallumrød", brings one of our most distinctive vocalists to the premiere of a new musical project during the Oslo Jazz Festival 2012. The musical movements that Wallumrød sings, are previously done with singers of "Trio Mediaeval" and "Tord Gustavsen Trio".

paragraph: Led Zeppelin's John Paul Jones joined Susanna and Deathprod at Øya-festialen 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: Gammleng-prisen in the Open class

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: Spellemannprisen in the Open class

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Radka Toneff Memorial Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: Kongsberg Jazz Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Spellemannprisen in the Open class

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: Spellemannprisen in the Open class

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magical Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "List of Lights and Buoys" (Rune Grammofon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Melody Mountain" (Rune Grammofon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "3" (Rune Grammofon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susanna

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Sonata Mix Dwarf Cosmos" (Rune Grammofon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Flower of Evil" (Rune Grammofon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Wild Dog" (Rune Grammofon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "The Forester" (SusannaSonata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Triangle" (SusannaSonata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Go Dig My Grave" (SusannaSonata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susanna Wallumrød

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Jeg Vil Hjem Til Menneskene" (Grappa Music), Susanna Wallumrød sings Gunvor Hofmo

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Jenny Hval

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Meshes of Voice" (SusannaSonata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With the Brotherhood of Our Lady

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019: "Garden of Earthly Delights" (SusannaSonata)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susanna and the Magical Orchestra Biography – AlwaysOnTheRun.net

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susanna Wallumrød performs Jailbreak on YouTube

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giovanna Pessi and Susanna Wallumrød – „If Grief Could Wait" on YouTube

paragraph: BULLET::::- SusannaSonata Music Label

description: Norwegian singer

wikidata_label: Susanna Wallumrød

wikipedia_title: Susanna Wallumrød


text:
Old Frankish
Chlothar I
Chunsina
Franks
Chanao
Brittany
Gregory of Tours
"The Medieval Sourcebook"
Dictionnaire Bouillet

categories: Merovingian dynasty,Year of birth unknown,Frankish warriors,561 deaths,Rebellious princes

paragraph: Chram

paragraph: Chram (or Chramn) (French: Chramn or Chramne, meaning Raven in Old Frankish) (died 561) was a son of Chlothar I and his fifth wife, Chunsina.

paragraph: Chram rose in rebellion against his father Chlothar, a king of the Franks, on several occasions. Following one of these rebellions, he fled with his wife and children to the court of Chanao, the ruler of Brittany, pursued by his father. Chlothar gave battle to the combined forces of Chanao and Chram, and his army was successful; the Breton leader was killed, and Chram, delayed in making his escape by sea because of his concern for his family's safety, was captured. Chlothar gave orders that they should be burned, but Chram was strangled before being placed in a cottage, which was subsequently burned. Chlothar reportedly died of remorse later that year.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: "Translator's note: These are in French"

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gregory of Tours Book IV chapter 20 at "The Medieval Sourcebook"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Charles L. Simonde de Sismondi, "Histoire de la chute de l'Empire romain et du déclin de la civilisation, de l'an 250 à l'an 1000", Paris: Treuttel et Würtz, 1835.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article uses text translated from the Dictionnaire Bouillet — a French work which is in the public domain because copyright has expired in the United States, France and other countries where the copyright expires 100 years or more after the author's death".

description: Frankish rebel

wikidata_label: Chram

wikipedia_title: Chram


text: Nebraska

text: Democratic

text: Ashland, Ohio

text: Jackson County, Iowa

text: Nebraska Territory

text: Tekamah, Nebraska

text: Burt County, Nebraska

text: First National Bank of Tekamah

text: Nebraska House of Representatives

text: Nebraska Senate

text: Rochester, Minnesota

categories: People from Tekamah, Nebraska,Members of the Nebraska House of Representatives,Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives,Nebraska state senators,Members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska,Nebraska Democrats,19th-century American politicians,People from Ashland County, Ohio,1844 births,1911 deaths

paragraph: James P. Latta

paragraph: James Polk Latta (October 31, 1844 – September 11, 1911) was a Nebraska Democratic politician.

paragraph: Born near Ashland, Ohio, he moved with his parents to Jackson County, Iowa in 1846. He attended school and worked on a farm. In 1863 he moved to the Nebraska Territory to teach school in Tekamah, Nebraska. He farmed and raised stock in Burt County, Nebraska, eventuality becoming interested in banking. He organized the First National Bank of Tekamah in 1890 and served as its president until his death.

paragraph: He was elected to the Nebraska House of Representatives in 1887 and to the Nebraska Senate in 1907. He ran and won to represent as a democrat Nebraska's 3rd district to the Sixty-first and Sixty-second Congresses serving from March 4, 1909 to his death on September 11, 1911 in Rochester, Minnesota. He is buried in the Tekamah Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James P. Latta, late a representative from Nebraska, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1913

description: Nebraska Democratic politician

wikidata_label: James P. Latta

wikipedia_title: James P. Latta


text: American football

text: National Football League

text: Baltimore Colts

text: San Diego Chargers

text: Los Angeles Rams

text: Salem High School

text: NFL Draft

text: Penn State University

text: Hall of Fame

text: running back

text: Franco Harris

text: Pittsburgh Steelers

text: Penn State

text: College Football Hall of Fame

text: running back

text: NFL

text: Bert Jones

text: Baltimore Colts

text: AFC East

text: Miami Dolphins

text: Pro Bowl

text: San Diego Chargers

text: Dan Fouts

text: Los Angeles Rams

text: bachelor of science

text: Penn State University

text: Baltimore

text: Franco Harris

text: Omega Psi Phi

text: Super Bakery, Inc.

categories: 1949 births,San Diego Chargers players,Baltimore Colts players,American businesspeople,Penn State Nittany Lions football players,Players of American football from New Jersey,College Football Hall of Fame inductees,People from Salem, New Jersey,American football running backs,Living people,Los Angeles Rams players,American Conference Pro Bowl players

paragraph: Lydell Mitchell

paragraph: Lydell Douglas Mitchell (born May 30, 1949) is a former professional American football player. He played running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Baltimore Colts, San Diego Chargers and Los Angeles Rams spanning from 1972 to 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Football.

paragraph: Mitchell played high school football at Salem High School. He was taken in the second round of the 1972 NFL Draft out of Penn State University by the Colts with the 48th overall selection. Mitchell was a teammate of Hall of Fame running back Franco Harris of the Pittsburgh Steelers while at Penn State, and many actually thought the Steelers were going to draft Mitchell instead of Harris before the draft. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2004.

paragraph: Mitchell established himself in the mid-1970s as one of the best all-around running backs in the NFL. Mitchell, along with teammate Bert Jones, propelled the Baltimore Colts to three consecutive AFC East Division titles, unseating a powerhouse Miami Dolphins team that had topped the division for four straight years (1971–74).

paragraph: Mitchell topped the 1,000-yard rushing plateau in three consecutive seasons (1975–77) earning Pro Bowl honors each year. In addition to his rushing exploits, he twice led the NFL in pass receptions, in 1974 and 1977. Mitchell was named 2nd Team All-Pro in 1976 and 1977 as well as being named 2nd Team All-AFC following the 1975 campaign.

paragraph: After his successful run in Baltimore, Mitchell was dealt to the San Diego Chargers after the 1977 season. Mitchell turned in a solid season in 1978 with the Dan Fouts-led Chargers and finished his career in 1980 appearing in two games with the Los Angeles Rams.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Mitchell earned a bachelor of science in secondary education from Penn State University in 1972. He lives in Baltimore, where he and his Nittany Lion teammate Franco Harris own Super Bakery, a company that produces nutrition-oriented foods for schoolchildren. He and Harris also partnered to rescue the Parks Sausage Company in Baltimore, the first African-American owned business in the U.S. to go public. Mitchell is also active in lecturing students on the dangers of drug and alcohol abuse. Mitchell is a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of NCAA major college football yearly scoring leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Super Bakery, Inc.

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Lydell Mitchell

wikipedia_title: Lydell Mitchell


text:
cricket
Tests
Natal
Second World War
Eastern Province
South Africa
England
Australia
Benoni
Transvaal
Michaelhouse
Gonville and Caius College
Cambridge University
blue
Oxford University
University's first team
first-class cricket
Second World War
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
Transvaal
maidens
1947 South African team to England
1947 English cricket season
Denis Compton
Bill Edrich
five-match series
followed on
Hutton
England
Kent
Glamorgan
Western Province
an England team
a team from Australia
Cuan McCarthy
Athol Rowan
George Mann
John Arlott
Hugh Tayfield
1951 team
Alec Bedser
Jack Ikin
Leeds
The Oval
Middlesex
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Cuan McCarthy
Hillbrow

categories: South African cricketers,South Africa Test cricketers,1920 births,1952 deaths,People from Benoni,KwaZulu-Natal cricketers,Eastern Province cricketers

paragraph: Tufty Mann

paragraph: Norman Bertram Fleetwood "Tufty" Mann (28 December 1920 – 31 July 1952) was a South African cricketer who played in 19 Tests from 1947 to 1951.

paragraph: Tall, thin and bespectacled, Tufty Mann was a lower-order right-handed batsman and a slow left-arm orthodox spin bowler. He played first-class cricket for Natal in the seasons immediately before and after the Second World War, and then played for Eastern Province from 1946–47. But more than two-thirds of his 73 first-class games were for South Africa, on tours to England in 1947 and 1951 and in home series against England and Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Background and early cricket career.

paragraph: Born in Benoni, Transvaal, Mann was educated at the Michaelhouse boarding school in South Africa and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge University. He came to the fore in golf first and at the age of 16 he won the Natal Amateur Golf Championship. He won a blue for golf in the annual match between Cambridge University and Oxford University. He did not play cricket for the University's first team; he played in the Freshman's trial match, but did not take any wickets and was not tried again.

paragraph: Back in South Africa the following winter, however, Mann made his first-class cricket debut for Natal in five games in the 1939–40 season and bowled economically in them, though he did not take more than three wickets in any one innings.

paragraph: Mann served in the Second World War and was captured in the fighting in Italy; he escaped from a prisoner of war camp and was "hidden by peasants", according to his obituary in "Wisden Cricketers' Almanack". He kept a large diary of his exploits in wartime and on his cricket visit to England in 1951 was attempting to sell his memoirs. In his will published after his death in 1952 he left £400 to two Italian farmers who had sheltered him in the North Italian marshes after he had escaped.

paragraph: After war service, Mann returned to Natal but, as in 1939–40, in his three matches for the team in 1945–46 he failed to take more than three wickets in an innings. A move to Eastern Province in 1946–47 brought immediate dividends. In his first match for his new team, he took six wickets in Transvaal's first innings at a cost of 69 runs; more remarkable by modern standards was the economy, for the wickets, five of them Test batsmen, came in 67.6 eight-ball overs, 38 of which were maidens. At the time, the 542 balls he bowled were the most in any single innings in first-class cricket. He followed that with six for 126 against another Test-batsman-filled team, Natal, in the next match. The bowling won him a place in the 1947 South African team to England.

paragraph: Section::::Test cricketer in England.

paragraph: The 1947 English cricket season was dominated by the batting exploits of Denis Compton and Bill Edrich, who both broke records for the numbers of runs scored in a season. Mann's accuracy was one of the few factors that could subdue the English pair, and his first bowling in Test cricket, in the first game of the five-match series, was a spell of eight successive maidens; he finished the innings with figures of no wickets for 10 runs in 20 overs. He followed that up when England followed on with second-innings figures of one for 94 in 60 overs: the single wicket that he took was that of Compton, but Compton had made 163 by that stage and the match was easily saved.

paragraph: The first Test figures illustrated Mann's value to the South African side, but also his limitations. "Mann rarely departed from his orthodox going-away ball on the middle or off stump and on account of his low trajectory batsmen seldom were able to get to the pitch," Wisden wrote. In a warm summer with lots of sunshine, Mann was often used as a defensive bowler, but when there was a helpful wicket, he was at times able to impart some spin to the ball: Wisden recorded in the third Test, as England chased a small target for victory on a worn pitch, that "Mann's left-arm leg-breaks began to turn nastily... Hutton and Compton found this to their cost" as Mann dismissed both before the match was won by England.

paragraph: In the Test series as a whole, which England won by three matches to nil, with two draws, Mann was the South Africans' most successful bowler, taking 15 wickets at an average of 40.20 and bowling 329.5 overs: an economy rate of 1.83 runs an over. He conceded less than two runs an over when Edrich (189) and Compton (208) shared a third-wicket partnership of 370 in the second Test, and ended the stand by bowling Edrich, his only wicket in the match. His best bowling return of the series in a single innings came in the fourth game, when he took four for 68 in 50 overs in England's first innings. And in the final match he took four for 93 in 64 overs and followed that up with two for 102 in 27 overs – England were hitting out to secure a declaration in a high-scoring match that ended as a draw.

paragraph: In all first-class matches, Mann took 74 wickets at an average of 25.25 and bowled 351 maiden overs. He had particular success in a late-season match against Kent when he followed first-innings bowling of six for 132 with a second-innings return of seven for 95. His batting was occasionally successful too: against Glamorgan he hit 97 in 55 minutes, including a six and 13 fours, and was out to "a deep-field catch" going for his century. This would remain his highest first-class score.

paragraph: Section::::Test series in South Africa.

paragraph: Mann returned to South Africa for the 1947–48 domestic cricket season and in the first game took the best bowling figures of his career: eight for 59 against Western Province. For the two seasons that followed, however, domestic cricket took a back-seat to the tours of South Africa by, in 1948–49, an England team and then in 1949–50, a team from Australia. Mann played in all 10 Tests on these two tours and in only a single other first-class match in each season, and those other games were also against the touring sides.

paragraph: In the series against England, Mann headed the South African bowling averages, though with 17 wickets he took fewer than Cuan McCarthy and Athol Rowan. Played mainly on batsman-friendly pitches and with the South Africans in particular often batting very defensively, the series was won by England by 2–0 with three drawn matches and there was a lot of bowling for South Africa's main three bowlers. It was in this series, when a particularly drawn-out innings by the England captain George Mann ended with his dismissal by Tufty Mann that broadcaster John Arlott summed up the innings as "a case of Mann's inhumanity to Mann". Mann's best bowling figures came in the tight first match which was affected by rain and which England won very narrowly by two wickets: he took six first-innings wickets for 59 runs, but in the second innings he and Rowan, who had taken the other four wickets in the first innings, were hampered by a wet ball and bowled very little. Conditions got easier for batsmen in the next match: Mann had a spell in which he took three middle-order English wickets while only 10 runs were added, but the score was 540 for three before the first of these wickets fell, and they were his only wickets of the match. For the third and fourth matches of the series, the selectors packed the South African side with bowlers in an attempt to take wickets; a consequence was that Mann bowled very little and failed to take a wicket in either match, though his fellow spin bowler, Rowan, was used more and was successful. In the fifth and final game, the fringe bowlers were left out so Rowan and Mann did most of the bowling and took 15 of the 17 England wickets to fall. In the second innings of this game England were set 172 to win in 95 minutes and achieved the target; Mann's 9.7 overs – eight-ball overs were used in this series – cost 65 runs and brought him four wickets, one of the few times in his career when he was hit in this way.

paragraph: The Australian tour to South Africa in 1949–50 was an even less successful event for the South African side than the England tour had been: the Australians won four of the five Tests and had the better of the drawn game. South Africa's bowling was ostensibly hampered by injury to Rowan which kept him out of all the Tests, though Hugh Tayfield emerged as a spin partner for Mann and the real weakness, shown in the series figures, was in seam bowling – Tayfield took 17 wickets in the series, Mann, 16 and the other bowlers only 17 between them. Mann's best innings figures for the series came in the second match, where he took four for 105 as the Australians scored 526 for seven before declaring. The Australian first innings of the following Test, the third, was the only time in the series when the South African bowlers got on top of the Australian batsmen, and Tayfield took seven for 23 and Mann three for 31 as the touring team was dismissed for just 75 to give the South Africans a first-innings lead of 236: Mann and Tayfield were unable to repeat the feat in the second innings, however, and the Australians won the match by five wickets. The fourth Test of the series was the only drawn game; Mann took no wickets, but he scored 52, his only Test match half century.

paragraph: Section::::Back to England.

paragraph: Mann was picked for his second tour of England with the 1951 team. In the early matches of the tour, his defensive rather than his wicket-taking talents were to the fore: by the start of June, he had taken only 14 first-class wickets, but more than a third of his overs were maidens and he was averaging less than 1.8 runs per over from his bowling. In the first Test, following two large first innings, the South Africans struggled in their second innings against Alec Bedser and set England just 186 to win on a pitch that was affected by rain. Athol Rowan and Mann bowled England out for 114 and Mann's four for 24 came in 24 overs, of which 16 were maidens. "The Times" commented on Mann's accuracy which was, it wrote, as if "bowling on a sixpenny-piece over after over"; when he took his first wicket, that of Jack Ikin, his figures were one for six runs off 15 overs. The next two Tests were not successful either for Mann personally or for his team, with both games lost, and the fourth match of the series was played on a batting pitch at Leeds and Mann bowled 60 overs, taking three for 97, as England matched South Africa by scoring more than 500 before rain washed out the final day. The fifth and final Test at The Oval was played on a pitch that suited spin bowlers, but Mann was not fit to play: his absence, "Wisden" wrote, "was keenly felt, for the pitch should have proved ideal for his left-arm slow bowling". He returned to the team for one final county match against Middlesex at Lord's, but the game was washed out and he did not take a wicket in just six overs of bowling. On the tour as a whole, Mann's parsimony had left him top of the South African Test bowling averages with 10 wickets at an average of 26.40, and in all first-class matches he had taken 44 wickets at 26.38.

paragraph: Section::::Illness and death.

paragraph: At the end of the tour of England, 14 of the 16 South African players departed for home on the Union Castle Line ship MV "Winchester Castle"; the exceptions were Cuan McCarthy, who started at Cambridge University, and Mann, who "is staying in England for medical treatment". Mann had "an abdominal operation" in England, where he stayed in hospital for three months, having been joined in England by his wife, Daphne. He was able to return to South Africa, but needed a second operation in mid-1952 and died six weeks later, on 31 July 1952 in Hillbrow.

description: South African cricketer

wikidata_label: Tufty Mann

wikipedia_title: Tufty Mann


text: United States Senator

text: New Jersey

text: Mayor of Burlington, New Jersey

text: Bristol, Pennsylvania

text: Joseph Bloomfield

text: Governor of New Jersey

text: admitted to the bar

text: Burlington, New Jersey

text: Burlington County, New Jersey

text: New Jersey Superior Court

text: United States Senate

text: Samuel L. Southard

text: Burlington, New Jersey

text: Saint Mary's Episcopal Churchyard

text: Bowes Reed

text: Secretary of State of New Jersey

text: Joseph Reed

text: Continental Congress

text: Governor of Pennsylvania

text: Bowes Reed McIlvaine

text: Charles Pettit McIlvaine

text: Episcopal Diocese of Ohio

text: Bloomfield McIlvaine

text: Henry McIlvaine

text: William McIlvaine

text: Emerson McIlvaine

text: Edward McIlvaine

text: Mary McIlvaine

text: Ellen McIlvaine

text: Joseph McIlvaine

text: The Political Graveyard

categories: United States Attorneys for the District of New Jersey,New Jersey National Republicans,People from Bristol, Pennsylvania,Mayors of Burlington, New Jersey,New Jersey Democratic-Republicans,1826 deaths,1769 births,United States Senators from New Jersey,People from Burlington, New Jersey,Democratic-Republican Party United States Senators,New Jersey lawyers

paragraph: Joseph McIlvaine

paragraph: Joseph McIlvaine (October 2, 1769August 19, 1826) was a United States Senator from New Jersey from 1823 until his death. He served as the Mayor of Burlington, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: McIlvaine was born in Bristol, Pennsylvania to Col. Joseph Mcllvaine (1749–1787) and Catherine Swan. His father's sister, Mary McIlvaine (1752–1818), married Joseph Bloomfield, later Governor of New Jersey.

paragraph: After pursuing an academic course and studying law, he was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in 1790 and commenced practice in Burlington, New Jersey in 1791.

paragraph: He was clerk of Burlington County, New Jersey from 1796 to 1800; clerk of the Burlington County Court from 1800 to 1823; and U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 1804 to 1820. He was appointed as a judge to the New Jersey Superior Court in 1818, but declined.

paragraph: He was elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Samuel L. Southard and served from November 12, 1823, until his death in Burlington, New Jersey, where he was buried at Saint Mary's Episcopal Churchyard.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On September 19, 1793, McIlvaine married Maria Reed, daughter of Bowes Reed, Secretary of State of New Jersey, and niece of Joseph Reed, Continental Congressman and Governor of Pennsylvania. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Bowes Reed McIlvaine b: 1794

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Joseph McIlvaineIII b: c. 1796 in Burlington, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Reverend Charles Pettit McIlvaine (1798-1873), Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Ohio

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Bloomfield McIlvaine b: c. 1799 d-1826 in Burlington, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Henry McIlvaine: c. 1805 in Burlington, New Jersey

paragraph: BULLET::::6. William McIlvaine b: c. 1806

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Emerson McIlvaine b: c. 1807

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Edward McIlvaine b: c. 1808

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Mary McIlvaine b: c. 1809

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Ellen McIlvaine b: c. 1810

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph McIlvaine at The Political Graveyard

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Joseph McIlvaine

wikipedia_title: Joseph McIlvaine