text: German

text: humanist

text: mathematics

text: astronomy

text: cartography

text: cosmography

text: Apianus

text: 19139 Apian

text: Bennewitz

text: Leisnig

text: Saxony

text: shoemaker

text: Latin

text: Rochlitz

text: University of Leipzig

text: Vienna

text: University of Vienna

text: Georg Tannstetter

text: plague

text: BA

text: Regensburg

text: Landshut

text: astronomy

text: navigation

text: Gemma Frisius

text: University of Ingolstadt

text: Johann Eck

text: Martin Luther

text: stereotype

text: emperor

text: Charles V

text: Imperial Diet

text: armiger

text: coat of arms

text: guilder

text: Reichsritter

text: Imperial Count Palatine

text: Volvelle

text: Bedouin

text: Ursa Minor

text: Draco

text: Cepheus

text: Leipzig

text: Padua

text: Tübingen

text: Vienna

text: Ingolstadt

text: Pascal's triangle

text: sine

text: Halley's Comet

text: comet

text: Girolamo Fracastoro

text: sundial

text: Philipp Apian

text: Hans Holbein the Younger

text: quadrant

text: trigonometry

text: Peter and Philipp Apian

text: Petrus Apianus

text: "Astronomicum Caesareum"

text: ETH Zurich

text: "Astronomicum Caesareum"

text: Rare Book Room

text: Cosmographiae Introductio, 1537

text: Cosmographia, 1544

categories: 16th-century cartographers,German mathematicians,1495 births,16th-century German writers,Scientific instrument makers,German astronomers,University of Ingolstadt faculty,16th-century German mathematicians,University of Vienna alumni,16th-century mathematicians,German Renaissance humanists,People from Leisnig,16th-century astronomers,1552 deaths

paragraph: Petrus Apianus

paragraph: Petrus Apianus (April 16, 1495 – April 21, 1552), also known as Peter Apian, Peter Bennewitz, and Peter Bienewitz, was a German humanist, known for his works in mathematics, astronomy and cartography. His work on "cosmography", the field that dealt with the earth and its position in the universe and presented in his most famous works, "Astronomicum Caesareum" (1540) and "Cosmographicus liber" (1524) which were extremely influential in his time with the numerous editions in multiple languages being published until 1609. The lunar crater "Apianus" and asteroid 19139 Apian are named in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Apianus was born as Peter Bienewitz (or Bennewitz) in Leisnig in Saxony; his father, Martin, was a shoemaker. The family was relatively well off, belonging to the middle-class citizenry of Leisnig. Apianus was educated at the Latin school in Rochlitz. From 1516 to 1519 he studied at the University of Leipzig; during this time, he Latinized his name to Apianus (lat. "apis" means "bee"; "Biene" is the German word for bee).

paragraph: In 1519, Apianus moved to Vienna and continued his studies at the University of Vienna, which was considered one of the leading universities in geography and mathematics at the time and where Georg Tannstetter taught. When the plague broke out in Vienna in 1521, he completed his studies with a BA and moved to Regensburg and then to Landshut. At Landshut, he produced his "Cosmographicus liber" (1524), a highly respected work on astronomy and navigation which was to see at least 30 reprints in 14 languages and that remained popular until the end of the 16th century. Later editions were produced by Gemma Frisius.

paragraph: In 1527, Peter Apianus was called to the University of Ingolstadt as a mathematician and printer. His print shop started small. Among the first books he printed were the writings of Johann Eck, Martin Luther's antagonist. This print shop was active between 1543 and 1540 and became well known for its high-quality editions of geographic and cartographic works. It is thought that he used stereotype printing techniques on woodblocks. The printer's logo included the motto "Industria superat vires" in Greek, Hebrew, and Latin around the figure of a boy.

paragraph: Through his work, Apianus became a favourite of emperor Charles V, who had praised "Cosmographicus liber" at the Imperial Diet of 1530 and granted him a printing monopoly in 1532 and 1534. In 1535, the emperor made Apianus an armiger, i.e. granted him the right to display a coat of arms. In 1540, Apianus printed the "Astronomicum Caesareum", dedicated to Charles V. Charles promised him a truly royal sum (3,000 golden guilders), appointed him his court mathematician, and made him a "Reichsritter" (a Free Imperial Knight) and in 1544 even an Imperial Count Palatine. All this furthered Apianus's reputation as an eminent scientist. "Astronomicum Caesareum" is noted for its visual appeal. Printed and bound decoratively, with about 100 known copies, it included several Volvelles that allowed users to calculate dates, the positions of constellations and so on. Apianus noted that it took a month to produce some of the plates. Thirty-five octagonal paper cut instruments were included with woodcuts that are thought to have been made by Hans Brosamer (c. 1495 – 1555) who may have trained under Lucas Cranach, Sr. in Wittemberg. It also incorporated star and constellation names from the work of the Arab astronomer "Azophi" (Abu al-Husain al-Sufi AD 903–986). Apianus is also remembered for publishing the only known depiction of the Bedouin constellations in 1533. On this map Ursa Minor is an old woman and three maidens, Draco is four camels and Cepheus was illustrated as a shepherd with sheep and dog.

paragraph: Despite many calls from other universities, including Leipzig, Padua, Tübingen, and Vienna, Apianus remained in Ingolstadt until his death. Although he neglected his teaching duties, the university evidently was proud to host such an esteemed scientist. Apianus's work included in mathematics—in 1527 he published a variation of Pascal's triangle, and in 1534 a table of sines— as well as astronomy. In 1531, he observed Halley's Comet and noted that a comet's tail always point away from the sun. Girolamo Fracastoro also detected this in 1531, but Apianus's publication was the first to also include graphics. He designed sundials, published manuals for astronomical instruments and crafted volvelles ("Apian wheels"), measuring instruments useful for calculating time and distance for astronomical and astrological applications.

paragraph: Apianus married the daughter of a councilman of Landshut, Katharina Mosner, in 1526. They would have fourteen children together, five girls and nine sons, one of whom was Philipp Apian (1531–1589), who, in addition to his own research, preserved the legacy of his father.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cosmographicus liber" (also called "Cosmographia"), Landshut 1524.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ein newe und wolgegründete underweisung aller Kauffmanns Rechnung in dreyen Büchern, mit schönen Regeln und fragstücken begriffen", Ingolstadt 1527. A handbook of commercial arithmetic; depicted in the painting "The Ambassadors" by Hans Holbein the Younger.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cosmographiae introductio, cum quibusdam Geometriae ac Astronomiae principiis ad eam rem necessariis", Ingolstadt 1529.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ein kurtzer bericht der Observation unnd urtels des jüngst erschinnen Cometen...", Ingolstadt 1532. On his comet observations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quadrans Apiani astronomicus", Ingolstadt 1532. On quadrants.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Horoscopion Apiani...", Ingolstadt 1533. On sundials.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Instrument Buch...", Ingolstadt 1533. A scientific book on astronomical instruments in German.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Instrumentum primi mobilis", Nuremberg 1534. On trigonometry, contains sine tables.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Astronomicum Caesareum", Ingolstadt 1540.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Röttel, K. (Ed.): "Peter Apian: Astronomie, Kosmographie und Mathematik am Beginn der Neuzeit", Polygon-Verlag 1995; . In German.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter and Philipp Apian, in German.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralf Kern. Wissenschaftliche Instrumente in ihrer Zeit. Volume 1: Vom Astrolab zum mathematischen Besteck. Cologne, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petrus Apianus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Astronomicum Caesareum" at the library of the ETH Zurich.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Astronomicum Caesareum" at Rare Book Room.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Astronomicum Caesareum, Ingolstadt 1540 da www.atlascoelestis.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Electronic facsimile-editions of the rare book collection at the Vienna Institute of Astronomy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Petrus Apianus in .jpg and .tiff format.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horoscopion Apiani Generale…, Ingolstadt 1533 da www.atlascoelestis.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cosmographiae Introductio, 1537 from the Collections at the Library of Congress

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cosmographia, 1544 (1st edition was 1524)

description: German astronomer, mathematician and cartographer

wikidata_label: Petrus Apianus

wikipedia_title: Petrus Apianus


text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Every Man Dies Alone

text: New Objectivity

text: Grimm's Fairy Tales

text: Hans in Luck

text: The Goose Girl

text: Greifswald

text: Shakespeare

text: Schiller

text: Berlin

text: Flaubert

text: Dostoevsky

text: Dickens

text: Leipzig

text: Imperial Supreme Court

text: typhoid

text: duel

text: morphine

text: First World War

text: Greifswald

text: Rowohlt

text: Rural People's Movement

text: Neumünster

text: Martin Seymour-Smith

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: national socialism

text: Nazi Party

text: Book of the Month Club

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Gestapo

text: Adolf Hitler's

text: Sturmabteilung

text: Ernst Rowohlt

text: Robinson Crusoe

text: Charles Chaplin

text: Once We Had a Child

text: Völkischer Beobachter

text: Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda

text: Christianity

text: Wolf Among Wolves

text: Weimar Republic

text: Joseph Goebbels

text: World War I

text: George Putnam

text: invasion of Poland

text: World War II

text: Sonderführer (B)

text: Reichsarbeitsdienst

text: The Drinker

text: Feldberg, Mecklenburg

text: Every Man Dies Alone

text: Otto and Elise Hampel

text: Pankow

text: Carwitz

text: East

text: West Germany

text: Hildegard Knef

text: Carl Raddatz

text: Melville House Publishing

text: Penguin Classics

text: Hitler

text: Thomas Mann

text: Hans Fallada Prize

text: Neumünster

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Who Once Eats Out of the Tin Bowl

text: Once We Had a Child

text: An Old Heart Goes A-Journeying

text: Sparrow Farm

text: Wolf Among Wolves

text: Iron Gustav

text: The Drinker

text: Every Man Dies Alone

text: Alone in Berlin

text: Michael Hofmann

text: Michael Hofmann

text: Allan Blunden

text: Allan Blunden

text: Projekt Gutenberg-DE Hans Fallada.

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Wolf Among Wolves

text: Every Man Dies Alone

text: Nightmare in Berlin

text: The Drinker

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Fritz Wendhausen

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Frank Borzage

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Heaven, We Inherit a Castle

text: Peter Paul Brauer

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Fritz Umgelter

text: Jeder stirbt für sich allein

text: Falk Harnack

text: Every Man Dies Alone

text: Wolf Among Wolves

text: Hans-Joachim Kasprzik

text: Wolf Among Wolves

text: Dietrich Haugk

text: The Drinker

text: Hans-Joachim Kasprzik

text: Little Man, What Now?

text: Jeder stirbt für sich allein

text: Hans-Joachim Kasprzik

text: Every Man Dies Alone

text: Egon Monk

text: Everyone Dies Alone

text: Alfred Vohrer

text: Every Man Dies Alone

text: Wolfgang Staudte

text: The Drinker

text: Alone in Berlin

text: Vincent Perez

text: Every Man Dies Alone

text: Klaus Farin

text: Sabine Lange

text: Ministerium für Staatssicherheit

text: Edition Temmen

text: Werner Liersch

text: Sächsische Zeitung

text: Immer nah am Abgrund

text: Rowohlt Theaterverlag

text: Werner Liersch

text: Berliner Zeitung

text: Onlineausgabe

text: Gunnar Müller-Waldeck

text: Williams, Jenny

text: Projekt Gutenberg-DE Hans Fallada.

text: Hans Fallada

text: Biography

categories: 1947 deaths,20th-century German novelists,People from Greifswald,German male novelists,Writers from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,People from the Province of Pomerania,1893 births

paragraph: Hans Fallada

paragraph: Hans Fallada (born Rudolf Wilhelm Friedrich Ditzen; 21 July 18935 February 1947) was a German writer of the first half of the 20th century. Some of his better known novels include "Little Man, What Now?" (1932) and "Every Man Dies Alone" (1947). His works belong predominantly to the New Objectivity literary style, with precise details and journalistic veneration of the facts. Fallada's pseudonym derives from a combination of characters found in the Grimm's Fairy Tales: The titular protagonist of "Hans in Luck" (KHM 83), and Falada the magical talking horse in "The Goose Girl".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Fallada was born in Greifswald, Germany, the child of a magistrate on his way to becoming a supreme court judge and a mother from a middle-class background, both of whom shared an enthusiasm for music, and to a lesser extent, literature. Jenny Williams notes in her biography "More Lives than One" (1998), that Fallada's father would often read aloud to his children works by authors such as Shakespeare and Schiller.

paragraph: In 1899, when Fallada was 6, his father relocated the family to Berlin following the first of several promotions he would receive. Fallada had a very difficult time upon first entering school in 1901. As a result, he immersed himself in books, eschewing literature more in line with his age for authors such as Flaubert, Dostoevsky, and Dickens. In 1909 the family again relocated, to Leipzig, following his father's appointment to the Imperial Supreme Court.

paragraph: A severe road accident in 1909 (age 16)—he was run over by a horse-drawn cart, then kicked in the face by the horse—and the contraction of typhoid in 1910 (age 17) seem to mark a turning point in Fallada's life and the end of his relatively care-free youth. His adolescent years were characterized by increasing isolation and self-doubt, compounded by the lingering effects of these ailments. In addition, his lifelong drug problems were born of the pain-killing medications he was taking as the result of his injuries. These issues manifested themselves in multiple suicide attempts.

paragraph: In 1911 he made a pact with a friend, Hanns Dietrich von Necker, to stage a duel to mask their suicides, feeling that the duel would be seen as more honorable. This was due to their emerging (homo-)sexuality, and the views of the society in which they lived - one which was becoming increasingly homophobic. Hence the two young men formed their suicide pact. However, because of both boys' inexperience with weapons, it was a bungled affair. Dietrich missed Fallada, but Fallada did not miss Dietrich, killing him. Fallada was so distraught that he picked up Dietrich's gun and shot himself in the chest, but somehow survived. Nonetheless, the death of his friend ensured his status as an outcast from society.

paragraph: Although he was found innocent of murder by way of insanity, from this point on he would serve multiple stints in mental institutions. At one of these institutions, he was assigned to work in a farmyard, thus beginning his lifelong affinity for farm culture.

paragraph: Section::::Writing career and encounters with National Socialism.

paragraph: While in a sanatorium Fallada took to translation and poetry, albeit unsuccessfully, before finally breaking ground as a novelist in 1920 with the publication of his first book "Der junge Goedeschal" ("Young Goedeschal"). During this period he also struggled with morphine addiction, and the death of his younger brother in the First World War.

paragraph: In the wake of the war, Fallada worked at several farmhand and other agricultural jobs in order to support himself and finance his growing drug addiction. While before the war Fallada relied on his father for financial support while writing, after the German defeat he was no longer able, or willing, to depend on his father's assistance. Shortly after the publication of "Anton und Gerda" Fallada reported to prison in Greifswald to serve a 6-month sentence for stealing grain from his employer and selling it to support his drug habit. Less than 3 years later, in 1926, Fallada again found himself imprisoned as a result of a drug and alcohol-fueled string of thefts from employers. In February 1928 he finally emerged free of addiction.

paragraph: Fallada married Anna "Suse" Issel in 1929 and maintained a string of respectable jobs in journalism, working for newspapers and eventually for the publisher of his novels, Rowohlt. It is around this time that his novels became noticeably political and started to comment on the social and economic woes of Germany. His breakthrough success came in 1930/1931 with "A Small Circus" ("Bauern, Bonzen und Bomben"; "Peasants, Bosses and Bombs") based on the history of the Rural People's Movement in Schleswig-Holstein and the farmers' protest and boycott of the town of Neumünster. Williams notes that Fallada's 1930/31 novel "..established [him] as a promising literary talent as well as an author not afraid to tackle controversial issues". Martin Seymour-Smith said it is one of his best novels, "it remains one of the most vivid and sympathetic accounts of a local revolt ever written."

paragraph: The great success of "Kleiner Mann - was nun?" ("Little Man, What Now?") in 1932, while immediately easing his financial straits, was overshadowed by his anxiety over the rise of national socialism and a subsequent nervous breakdown. Although none of his work was deemed subversive enough to warrant action by the Nazis, many of his peers were arrested and interned, and his future as an author under the Nazi regime looked bleak. A German film of the book was made by Jewish producers at the end of 1932, and this earned Fallada closer attention by the rising Nazi Party. The film, unlike the US film of 1934, bore little resemblance to the novel, and was finally released after many cuts by the Nazi censors in mid-1933.

paragraph: These anxieties were compounded by the loss of a baby only a few hours after childbirth. However he was heartened by the great success of "Little Man, What Now?" in Great Britain and the United States, where the book was a bestseller. In the U.S., it was selected by the Book of the Month Club, and was even made into a Hollywood movie, "Little Man, What Now?" (1934).

paragraph: Meanwhile, as the careers, and in some cases the lives, of many of Fallada's contemporaries were rapidly drawing to a halt, he began to draw some additional scrutiny from the government in the form of denunciations of his work by Nazi authors and publications, who also noted that he had not joined the Party. On Easter Sunday, 1933, he was jailed by the Gestapo for "anti-Nazi activities" after one such denunciation, but despite a ransacking of his home no evidence was found and he was released a week later.

paragraph: After Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, Fallada had to make a few changes to the novel that removed anything that showed the Nazis in a bad light: a "Sturmabteilung" (SA) thug had to be turned into a soccer thug, for example, and the book stayed in print through 1941, after which war time paper shortages curtailed the printing of novels.

paragraph: In 2016, a complete edition was published in Germany that added about 100 pages to the original 400 pages in the 1932 edition. The cuts had been made with Fallada's consent by his publisher Ernst Rowohlt. German reviewers agreed that the tone and the structure of the novel had not suffered from the cuts, but that the restored sections added 'colour and atmosphere,' such as a dream-like Robinson Crusoe island fantasy taking the main character away from his drab everyday life, a visit to the cinema to see a Charles Chaplin movie, and an evening at the "Tanzpalast" (Dance Palace).

paragraph: Although his 1934 novel "Wir hatten mal ein Kind" ("Once We Had a Child") met with initially positive reviews, the official Nazi publication "Völkischer Beobachter" disapproved. In the same year, the Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda "recommended the removal of "Little Man, What Now?" from all public libraries". Meanwhile, the official campaign against Fallada was beginning to take a toll on the sales of his books, landing him in financial straits that precipitated another nervous breakdown in 1934.

paragraph: In September 1935 Fallada was officially declared an "undesirable author", a designation that banned his work from being translated and published abroad. His novel "Old Heart Goes A-Journeying" caused him problems with the Reich Literary Chamber because it had Christianity instead of Nazism as the unifier of the people. Although this order was repealed a few months later, it was at this point that his writing shifted from an artistic endeavor to merely a much needed source of income, writing "children's stories and harmless fairy tales" that would also conveniently avoid the unwanted attention of the Nazis. During this time the prospect of emigration held a constant place in Fallada's mind, although he was reluctant because of his love of Germany.

paragraph: In 1937 the publication and success of "Wolf unter Wölfen" ("Wolf Among Wolves") marked Fallada's temporary return to his serious, realistic style. The Nazis read the book as a sharp criticism of the Weimar Republic, and thus naturally approved. Notably, Joseph Goebbels called it "a super book". Goebbels's interest in Fallada's work would lead the writer to a world of worry: he would subsequently suggest the writer compose an anti-Semitic tract, and his praise indirectly resulted in Fallada's commission to write a novel that would be the basis for a state-sponsored film charting the life of a German family up to 1933.

paragraph: The book, "Der eiserne Gustav" (""), was a look at the deprivations and hardships brought on by World War I, but upon reviewing the manuscript Goebbels would suggest that Fallada stretch the time-line of the story to include the rise of the Nazis and their depiction as solving the problems of the War and Weimar. Fallada wrote several different versions before eventually capitulating under the pressure of both Goebbels and his depleted finances. Other evidence of his surrender to Nazi intimidation came in the form of forewords he subsequently wrote for two of his more politically ambiguous works, brief passages in which he essentially declared that the events in his books took place before the rise of the Nazis and were clearly "designed to placate the Nazi authorities".

paragraph: By the end of 1938, despite the deaths of several colleagues at the hands of the Nazis, Fallada finally reversed his decision to emigrate. His British publisher, George Putnam, had made arrangements and sent a private boat to whisk Fallada and his family out of Germany. According to Jenny Williams, Fallada had actually packed his bags and loaded them into the car when he told his wife he wanted to take one more walk around their smallholding. "When he returned some time later," Williams writes, "he declared that he could not leave Germany and that Suse should unpack."

paragraph: This seemingly abrupt change of plans coincided with an inner conviction that Fallada had long harbored. Years earlier he had confided to an acquaintance that: “I could never write in another language, nor live in any other place than Germany.”

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: Fallada once again dedicated himself to writing children's stories and other non-political material suitable for the sensitive times. Nevertheless, with the German invasion of Poland in 1939 and the subsequent outbreak of World War II, life became still more difficult for Fallada and his family. War rations were the basis for several squabbles between his family and other members of his village. On multiple occasions neighbors reported his supposed drug addiction to authorities, threatening to reveal his history of psychological disturbances, a dangerous record indeed under the Nazi regime.

paragraph: The rationing of paper, which prioritized state-promoted works, was also an impediment to his career. Nevertheless, he continued to publish in a limited role, even enjoying a very brief window of official approval. This window closed abruptly near the end of 1943 with the loss of his 25-year publisher Rowohlt, who fled the country. It was also at this time that he turned to alcohol and extra-marital affairs to cope with, among other matters, the increasingly strained relationship with his wife. Furthermore, in 1943 he travelled to France and the Reichsgau Sudetenland as Sonderführer (B) by order of the so-called "Reichsarbeitsdienst".

paragraph: In 1944, although their divorce was already finalized, a drunk Fallada and his wife were involved in an altercation in which a shot was fired by Fallada, according to Suse Ditzen in an interview she gave late in her life to biographer Jenny Williams. According to Suse Ditzen, she took the gun from her husband and hit him over the head with it before calling the police, who confined him to a psychiatric institution. (The police record of the call to the altercation makes no mention of shots being fired.) Throughout this period Fallada had one hope to cling to: the project he had concocted to put off Goebbels's demands that he write an anti-Semitic novel.

paragraph: It involved the novelization of "a famous fraud case involving two Jewish financiers in the nineteen twenties" which, because of its potential as propaganda, was supported by the government and had eased pressure on him as he worked on other, more sincere projects. Finding himself incarcerated in a Nazi insane asylum, he used this project as a pretext for obtaining paper and writing materials, saying he had an assignment to fulfill for Goebbels's office. This successfully forestalled more harsh treatment: the insane were regularly subjected to barbarous treatment by the Nazis, including physical abuse, sterilization, and even death. But rather than writing the anti-Jewish novel, Fallada used his allotment of paper to write — in a dense, overlapping script that served to encode the text — the novel "The Drinker" ("Der Trinker"), a deeply critical autobiographical account of life under the Nazis, and a short diary "In meinem fremden Land" ("A Stranger in My Own Country"). It was an act easily punishable by death, but he was not caught, and was released in December 1944 as the Nazi government began to crumble.

paragraph: Section::::Postwar life.

paragraph: Despite a seemingly successful reconciliation with his first wife, he went on to marry the young, wealthy and attractive widow Ulla Losch only a few months after his release and moved in with her in Feldberg, Mecklenburg. Shortly after, the Soviets invaded the area. Fallada, as a celebrity, was asked to give a speech at a ceremony to celebrate the end of the war. Following this speech, he was appointed interim mayor of Feldberg for 18 months.

paragraph: The time in the mental institution had taken a toll on Fallada, and, deeply depressed by the seemingly impossible task of eradicating the vestiges of fascism that were now so deeply ingrained in society by the Nazi regime, he once again turned to morphine with his wife, and both soon ended up in hospital. He spent the brief remainder of his life in and out of hospitals and wards. Losch's addiction to morphine appears to have been even worse than Fallada's, and her constantly mounting debts were an additional source of concern. Fallada wrote "Jeder stirbt für sich allein" ("Every Man Dies Alone") between September and November 1946 (shortly before his death), whilst in a mental institution. He told his family that he had written "a great novel".

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: At the time of Fallada's death in February 1947, aged 53, from a weakened heart from years of addiction to morphine, alcohol and other drugs, he had recently completed "Every Man Dies Alone", an anti-fascist novel based on the true story of a German couple, Otto and Elise Hampel, who were executed for producing and distributing anti-Nazi material in Berlin during the war. According to Jenny Williams, he wrote the book in a "white heat"—a mere 24 days. Fallada died just weeks before the publication of this final novel. He was buried in Pankow, a borough of Berlin, but was later moved to Carwitz where he had lived from 1933 till 1944. After Fallada's death, because of possible neglect and continuing addiction on the part of his second wife and sole heir, many of his unpublished works were lost or sold.

paragraph: Fallada remained a popular writer in Germany after his death. But, although "Little Man, What Now?" had been a great success in the United States and the UK, outside of Germany Fallada faded into obscurity for decades. In Germany, "Every Man Dies Alone" made a great impact. It was filmed for television in both East and West Germany. The novel was brought to the cinema screen in 1976, starring Hildegard Knef and Carl Raddatz. Fallada's fame in the English-speaking world grew when the American publisher Melville House Publishing reissued several Fallada titles, beginning in 2009 with "Little Man, What Now?", "The Drinker", and "Every Man Dies Alone". Melville House licensed its edition and translation of "Every Man Dies Alone" to Penguin Classics in the UK, which published Fallada's last novel under the title "Alone in Berlin". In 2010, Melville House released "Wolf Among Wolves" in its first unexpurgated English translation.

paragraph: Other German writers who had quit the country when Hitler rose to power felt disgust for those such as Fallada who had remained, compromising their work under the Nazi regime. Most notable of these critics was Fallada's contemporary Thomas Mann, who had fled Nazi repression early on and lived abroad. He expressed harsh condemnation for writers like Fallada, who though opponents of Nazism made concessions which compromised their work. “It may be superstitious belief, but in my eyes, any books which could be printed at all in Germany between 1933 and 1945 are worse than worthless and not objects one wishes to touch. A stench of blood and shame attaches to them. They should all be pulped.”

paragraph: The Hans Fallada Prize, a literary prize awarded by the city of Neumünster, was named after the author.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: English:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Man, What Now?" (tr. Eric Sutton, 1933; tr. Susan Bennett, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who Once Eats Out of the Tin Bowl" (UK) / "The World Outside" (US) (tr. Eric Sutton, 1934) / "Once a Jailbird" (UK) (tr. Nicholas Jacobs and Gardis Cramer von Laue, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Once We Had a Child" (tr. Eric Sutton, 1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Old Heart Goes A-Journeying" (tr. Eric Sutton, 1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sparrow Farm" (tr. Eric Sutton, 1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wolf Among Wolves" (tr. Phillip Owens, 1938; unabridged with additional tr. by Thorsten Carstensen and Nicholas Jacobs, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iron Gustav" (tr. Phillip Owens, 1940; unabridged with additional tr. Nicholas Jacobs and Gardis Cramer von Laue, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Drinker" (tr. Charlotte and A.L. Lloyd, 1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "That Rascal, Fridolin" (juvenile; tr. R. Michaelis-Jena and R. Ratcliff, 1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Every Man Dies Alone" (US) / "Alone in Berlin" (UK) (tr. Michael Hofmann, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Small Circus" (tr. Michael Hofmann, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Stranger in My Own Country: The 1944 Prison Diary" (tr. Allan Blunden, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tales From the Underworld: Selected Shorter Fiction" (ed. and tr. Michael Hoffman, 2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nightmare in Berlin" (tr. Allan Blunden, 2016)

paragraph: Note: Translations made by E. Sutton and P. Owens in the 1930s and 40s were abbreviated and/or made from unreliable editions, according to Fallada biographer Jenny Williams.

paragraph: German:

paragraph: Much of Fallada's work is available in German at Projekt Gutenberg-DE Hans Fallada.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Der junge Goedeschal, 1920

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anton und Gerda, 1923

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bauern, Bonzen und Bomben, 1931 (English: "")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kleiner Mann, was nun?, 1932 (English: "Little Man, What Now?")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wer einmal aus dem Blechnapf frißt, 1932 (English: "Who Once Eats Out of the Tin Bowl" / "Once a Jailbird" (UK))

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wir hatten mal ein Kind, 1934 (English: "Once We Had a Child")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Märchen vom Stadtschreiber, der aufs Land flog, 1935 (English: "Sparrow Farm")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Altes Herz geht auf die Reise, 1936 (English: "An Old Heart Goes A-Journeying")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoppelpoppel - wo bist du?, Kindergeschichten, 1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolf unter Wölfen, 1937 (English: "Wolf Among Wolves")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geschichten aus der Murkelei, Märchen, 1938

paragraph: BULLET::::- Der eiserne Gustav, 1938 (English: "Iron Gustav")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Süßmilch spricht, 1938

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kleiner Mann - großer Mann, alles vertauscht, 1939

paragraph: BULLET::::- Süßmilch spricht. Ein Abenteuer von Murr und Maxe, Erzählung, 1939

paragraph: BULLET::::- Der ungeliebte Mann, 1940

paragraph: BULLET::::- Das Abenteuer des Werner Quabs, Erzählung, 1941

paragraph: BULLET::::- Damals bei uns daheim, Erinnerungen, 1942

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heute bei uns zu Haus, Erinnerungen, 1943

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fridolin der freche Dachs, 1944 (English: "That Rascal, Fridolin")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeder stirbt für sich allein, 1947 (English: "Every Man Dies Alone" (US) / "Alone in Berlin" (UK))

paragraph: BULLET::::- Der Alpdruck, 1947 (English: "Nightmare in Berlin")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Der Trinker, 1950 (English: "The Drinker")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ein Mann will nach oben, 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- Die Stunde, eh´du schlafen gehst, 1954

paragraph: BULLET::::- Junger Herr - ganz groß, 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" 2005 (posthumously published)

paragraph: BULLET::::- In meinem fremden Land: Gefängnistagebuch 1944 (ed. Jenny Williams & Sabine Lange 2009) (English: "A Stranger in My Own Country: The 1944 Prison Diary")

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Man, What Now?", directed by Fritz Wendhausen (Germany, 1933, based on the novel "Little Man, What Now?")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Man, What Now?", directed by Frank Borzage (1934, based on the novel "Little Man, What Now?")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Altes Herz geht auf die Reise", directed by (Germany, 1938, based on the novel "An Old Heart Goes A-Journeying"),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heaven, We Inherit a Castle", directed by Peter Paul Brauer (Germany, 1943, based on the novel "Kleiner Mann, großer Mann – alles vertauscht")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", directed by (Italy, 1960, TV miniseries, based on the novel "Little Man, What Now?")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wer einmal aus dem Blechnapf frisst", directed by Fritz Umgelter (West Germany, 1962, TV miniseries, based on the novel "Who Once Eats Out of the Tin Bowl")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jeder stirbt für sich allein", directed by Falk Harnack (West Germany, 1962, TV film, based on the novel "Every Man Dies Alone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wolf Among Wolves", directed by Hans-Joachim Kasprzik (East Germany, 1965, TV miniseries, based on the novel "Wolf Among Wolves")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Trinker", directed by Dietrich Haugk (West Germany, 1967, TV film, based on the novel "The Drinker")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kleiner Mann – was nun?", directed by Hans-Joachim Kasprzik (East Germany, 1967, TV miniseries, based on the novel "Little Man, What Now?")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jeder stirbt für sich allein", directed by Hans-Joachim Kasprzik (East Germany, 1970, TV miniseries, based on the novel "Every Man Dies Alone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", directed by Egon Monk (West Germany, 1973, TV miniseries, based on the novel "A Small Circus")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Everyone Dies Alone", directed by Alfred Vohrer (West Germany, 1976, based on the novel "Every Man Dies Alone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", directed by (West Germany, 1978, TV miniseries, based on the novel "Ein Mann will nach oben")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der eiserne Gustav", directed by Wolfgang Staudte (West Germany, 1979, TV miniseries, based on the novel "Iron Gustav")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", directed by (East Germany, 1985, TV film, based on a short story from "Geschichten aus der Murkelei")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Altes Herz geht auf die Reise", directed by (East Germany, 1987, TV film, based on the novel "An Old Heart Goes A-Journeying")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", directed by (Germany, 1995, TV film, based on the novel "The Drinker")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alone in Berlin", directed by Vincent Perez (2016, based on the novel "Every Man Dies Alone")

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Börner: "„Wenn Ihr überhaupt nur ahntet, was ich für einen Lebenshunger habe!“ Hans Fallada in Thüringen." Ausstellungskatalog (Literaturmuseum „Romantikerhaus“, 3. Juli bis 10. Oktober 2010), Stadtmuseum Jena (Dokumentation, Band 18), Jena 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ulrich „Uli“ Ditzen: "Mein Vater und sein Sohn." Aufbau, Berlin 2004, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klaus Farin: "Hans Fallada. „… welche sind, die haben kein Glück“." Tilsner, München 1993 (= Taschenführer populäre Kultur 3), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patricia Fritsch-Lange, Lutz Hagestedt (Hrsg.): "Hans Fallada. Autor und Werk im Literatursystem der Moderne." Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2011, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carsten Gansel, Werner Liersch (Hrsg.): "Hans Fallada und die literarische Moderne." V&R unipress, Göttingen 2009 (= Deutschsprachige Gegenwartsliteratur und Medien 6), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sabine Koburger: "Ein Autor und sein Verleger. Hans Fallada und Ernst Rowohlt in Verlags- und Zeithorizonten." Belleville, München 2015 (= Theorie und Praxis der Interpretation 12), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hannes Lamp: "Fallada – Der Alp meines Lebens." Gundlach und Klamp 2007, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sabine Lange: "Fallada – Fall ad acta? Sozialistische Erbepflege und das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit." Edition Temmen, Bremen 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner Liersch: "Fallada. Der Büchersammler, der Literaturkritiker, der Photographierte, der Missbrauchte." Individuell, Schöneiche bei Berlin 2005, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cecilia von Studnitz: "Ich bin nicht der, den Du liebst. Die frühen Jahre des Hans Fallada in Berlin." Steffen, Friedland 2007, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anja C. Schmidt-Ott: "Young love – negotiations of the self and society in selected German novels of the 1930s (Hans Fallada, Aloys Schenzinger, Maria Leitner, Irmgard Keun, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Anna Gmeyner and Ödön von Horváth)." Lang, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2002 (= Europäische Hochschulschriften; Reihe 1, Deutsche Sprache und Literatur; 1835), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geoff Wilkes: "Hans Fallada’s crisis novels 1931–1947." (= Australian and New Zealand studies in German language and literature. 19). Lang, Bern u. a. 2002, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jenny Williams: "Mehr Leben als eins – Hans Fallada – Biographie". Übersetzt aus dem Englischen von Hans Christian Oeser, Berlin 2011, . (erweiterte und aktualisierte Neuausgabe, im Anhang: u. a. ein Werkverzeichnis, Werke anderer Autoren und ein Literaturverzeichnis.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klaus-Jürgen Neumärker: "Der andere Fallada : eine Chronik des Leidens." Steffen-Verlag, Berlin 2014, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karin Großmann (Sächsische Zeitung): Immer nah am Abgrund (PDF). Rowohlt Theaterverlag. (Gespräch mit dem Psychologen Klaus-Jürgen Neumärker: Es wird die Frage gestellt: „Wurde Hans Fallada vergiftet? Der Psychologe Klaus-Jürgen Neumärker hat bisher unbekannte Krankenakten erforscht und bringt überraschende Fakten ans Licht“).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner Liersch: "Kleiner Mann – wohin? – Zerrissen, heimatlos, süchtig – wie der Schriftsteller Hans Fallada in den Nachkriegsjahren lebte und starb." In: Berliner Zeitung– Onlineausgabe, 3 February 2007; retrieved, 2 December 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gunnar Müller-Waldeck: "Hans Fallada – nach wie vor. Betrachtungen – Erinnerungen – Gespräche – biographische Splitter." Elmenhorst / Vorpommern: Edition Pommern 2016, .

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Williams, Jenny. "More Lives than One: A Biography of Hans Fallada", 1998.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Much of Fallada's work is available in German at Projekt Gutenberg-DE Hans Fallada.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Fallada, unofficial English-language website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

description: German writer

wikidata_label: Hans Fallada

wikipedia_title: Hans Fallada


text: Canadian

text: Sum 41

text: Sum 41

text: Deryck Whibley

text: Exeter High School

text: Island Records

text: All Killer No Filler

text: Fat Lip

text: Billboard Modern Rock Tracks

text: All Killer No Filler

text: platinum

text: Does This Look Infected?

text: Chuck

text: Underclass Hero

text: Screaming Bloody Murder

text: 13 Voices

text: tours

text: Juno Awards

text: Group of the Year

text: Rock Album of the Year

text: Screaming Bloody Murder

text: Facebook

text: Twitter

text: Sum 41

text: heavy metal

text: Pain For Pleasure

text: Avril Lavigne

text: The Best Damn Thing

text: the Vandals

text: Vans Warped Tour

text: atheist

text: Half Hour of Power

text: All Killer No Filler

text: Does This Look Infected?

text: Does This Look Infected Too?

text: Chuck

text: Go Chuck Yourself

text: Underclass Hero

text: Screaming Bloody Murder

text: We Have an Emergency

text: Birds + Bee Stings

text: The Best Damn Thing

text: Detox

text: Skull Ring

text: Little Know It All

text: The Midway State

text: The Operation M.D.

text: Underclass Hero

text: Sum 41

text: The Operation M.D.

text: With Me

text: Sum 41

text: McFly

text: Starstrukk

text: Starstrukk

text: Katy Perry

text: Bowling for Soup

text: No Way But the Hard Way

text: Airbourne

text: Screaming Bloody Murder

text: Sum 41

text: The Strumbellas

text: List of drummers

text: Sum 41 official site

text: Zildjian Artist Profile

text: Article: Sum 41 drummer busy director

categories: Sum 41 members,Canadian percussionists,Canadian atheists,People from Ajax, Ontario,Canadian music video directors,Canadian people of Polish descent,Canadian punk rock drummers,Musicians from Ontario,Canadian male drummers,Critics of religions,Living people

paragraph: Steve Jocz

paragraph: Stephen Martin Jocz, also known by his nickname Stevo 32, is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter, music video director and realtor, best known as the former drummer for the Canadian rock band Sum 41.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Jocz formed Sum 41 in 1996 alongside Deryck Whibley. Jocz graduated from Exeter High School in 1999.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Sum 41.

paragraph: In 1999, the band signed an international record deal with Island Records. The band released their debut album, "All Killer No Filler" in 2001. The band achieved mainstream success with their first single from the album, "Fat Lip", which reached number-one on the "Billboard Modern Rock Tracks" chart and remains the band's most successful single to date. "All Killer No Filler"' was certified platinum in the United States, Canada and in the UK. The band has since released five more studio albums: "Does This Look Infected?" (2002), "Chuck" (2004) "Underclass Hero" (2007), Screaming Bloody Murder (2011) and 13 Voices (2016). The three albums before Screaming Bloody Murder have been certified platinum in Canada.

paragraph: The band often performs more than 300 times each year and holds long global tours, most of which last more than a year. They have been nominated for seven Juno Awards and have won twice (Group of the Year in 2002 and Rock Album of the Year for "Chuck" in 2005). Their fifth studio album, "Screaming Bloody Murder", was released on March 29, 2011.

paragraph: On April 18, 2013 he announced on Facebook and Twitter that he decided to leave Sum 41.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Realtor.

paragraph: As of 2018, Jocz is working as a realtor for Paul Kaplan Group, where he lists his first job as drumming for Sum 41.

paragraph: Section::::Other appearances.

paragraph: Aside from drums, Jocz plays the piano and guitar. He sings lead vocals for the Sum 41 alter-ego heavy metal band Pain For Pleasure.

paragraph: In 2007, Jocz recorded drums for two songs on Avril Lavigne's album, "The Best Damn Thing".

paragraph: In the summer of 2008, Jocz toured with the Vandals on the Vans Warped Tour.

paragraph: Jocz did again help out The Vandals on drums for some European dates in the summer of 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In an interview, he states that he is an atheist. Although he was "raised in a church", he thinks religion is "silly and is a great metaphor, but not true". According to his Instagram bio, he is a "part time drummer and a full time Realtor at The Paul Kaplan Group".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Sum 41.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Half Hour of Power" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All Killer No Filler" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Does This Look Infected?" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Does This Look Infected Too? (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chuck" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Go Chuck Yourself" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Underclass Hero" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All the Good Shit: 14 Solid Gold Hits 2000-2008 " (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:The Operation M.D..

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Have an Emergency" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birds + Bee Stings" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Avril Lavigne.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Best Damn Thing" (2007) – drums on "One of Those Girls" and "Contagious"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Treble Charger.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Detox" (2002)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Iggy Pop.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skull Ring" (2003) – drums on "Little Know It All"

paragraph: Section::::Videos directed.

paragraph: As a director, Jocz has directed the following music videos:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Change For You" (2006) – The Midway State

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sayonara" (2007) – The Operation M.D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Underclass Hero" (2007) – Sum 41

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Someone Like You" (2007) – The Operation M.D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "With Me" (2008) – Sum 41

paragraph: BULLET::::- "one for the Radio" (2008) – McFly

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Starstrukk" (2009) – 3OH!3

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Starstrukk" (2009) – 3OH!3 featuring Katy Perry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Hablo Ingles" (2009) – Bowling for Soup

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Way But the Hard Way" (2009) – Airbourne

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Screaming Bloody Murder" (2011) – Sum 41

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sailing" (2013) - The Strumbellas

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The music channel "Kerrang" rated him the 40th best drummer of all time.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of drummers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sum 41 official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zildjian Artist Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stevo on video "Change For You" (only available in Canada)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article: Sum 41 drummer busy director

description: Canadian musician

wikidata_label: Steve Jocz

wikipedia_title: Steve Jocz


text:
Soviet
supersonic
Tupolev Tu-144
Buran
Tu-2000
Andrei Tupolev
Moscow Aviation Institute
Khrushchev
Tu-114
Tupolev

categories: Russian inventors,Moscow Aviation Institute alumni,Tupolev,Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Heroes of Socialist Labour,20th-century engineers,Russian aerospace engineers,Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences,2001 deaths,1925 births,Soviet engineers

paragraph: Alexei Tupolev

paragraph: Alexei Andreyevich Tupolev (; May 20, 1925 – May 12, 2001) was a Soviet aircraft designer who led the development of the first supersonic passenger jet, the Tupolev Tu-144. He also helped design the Buran space shuttle and the long-range heavy bomber Tu-2000, both of which were suspended for lack of funding.

paragraph: Tupolev was the son of famed Soviet aircraft pioneer, Andrei Tupolev. He graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1949 and began working with his father at the Tupolev Design Bureau. During Soviet leader Khrushchev's visit to the U.S. in September 1959, he insisted on taking Tu-114 despite that its maiden long-distance flight only occurred in May. In order to guarantee the safety, Alexei Tupolev was sent by his father Tupolev, along as a sign of his confidence in the plane. Khrushchev later said, "We didn't publicize the fact that Tupolev's son was with us" for "to do so would have meant giving explanations, and these might have been damaging to our image". He became chief designer in 1963 and general designer in 1973.

description: Soviet aerospace engineer

wikidata_label: Alexei Tupolev

wikipedia_title: Alexei Tupolev


text:
Boston Pops Orchestra
Detroit Symphony Orchestra
St. Louis Symphony
Grand Rapids Symphony
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Ruby Gentry
Borrah Minnevitch
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Girl Crazy
Meet Me in St. Louis
Thousands Cheer
Vaughn Monroe
Boston Pops Orchestra
Arthur Fiedler
Detroit Symphony Orchestra
St. Louis Symphony
Grand Rapids Symphony
Ruby Gentry
St. Louis Symphony Orchestra
Exotica
AllMusic

categories: American harmonica players,American male composers,American male conductors (music),American conductors (music),1920 births,2014 deaths,American composers,American music arrangers

paragraph: Richard Hayman

paragraph: Richard Hayman (March 27, 1920 – February 5, 2014) was an American musician who was chief music arranger of the Boston Pops Orchestra for over 50 years and served as a pops conductor for orchestras including the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, the St. Louis Symphony and the Grand Rapids Symphony in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

paragraph: He toured and recorded as a harmonica player and made dozens of recordings for Mercury Records as "Richard Hayman and His Orchestra." His biggest hit was a single, "Ruby," from the 1952 film "Ruby Gentry," starring Jennifer Jones and Charlton Heston. Hayman's arrangement featured himself as harmonica soloist. Over a lengthy career, he created musical arrangements for more than 50 artists and entertainers including Barbra Streisand, Bob Hope, Liza Minnelli and Olivia Newton-John.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: A native of Cambridge, Mass., Hayman's career in music began in his teen years as a player and arranger for the Borrah Minnevitch Harmonica Rascals. In the 1940s, he became an arranger for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios doing arrangements (often uncredited) for such MGM films as "Girl Crazy", "Meet Me in St. Louis" and "Thousands Cheer". From 1945-1950, he was musical director for the Vaughn Monroe Orchestra.

paragraph: In the 1950s and 1960s, Hayman recorded a series of albums for Mercury Records. His 1957 outing "Havana In Hi-Fi" was first in the label's pop music stereo LP series (SR 60000).

paragraph: Hayman is most famous for having been the principal arranger at the Boston Pops Orchestra for over 30 years where his award-winning arrangements are still used today. He occasionally guest-conducted there, and when Arthur Fiedler had a time conflict with his job as pops conductor for the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, he recommended Hayman for the post.

paragraph: Hayman was also closely affiliated with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra for over 30 years. Known for his sequined jackets, harmonica solos, and corny jokes, he became its Principal Pops Conductor in 1976, leading both the Pops at Powell and Queeny Park concerts. Queeny Pops, with concertgoers seated at tables in the acoustically atrocious but centrally located (in the suburbs of west St. Louis County) Greensfelder Field House, was a hit for many years, and made it possible for the SLSO to offer its musicians a full 52-week annual contract.

paragraph: That ended when a financial crunch in 2001, coinciding with a realization that the SLSO's pops concerts had not changed with the times, led to the cancellation of the Queeny Pops series and a marked reduction in overall pops concerts by the orchestra.

paragraph: In 1985, he was appointed Principal Pops Conductor of the Grand Rapids Symphony, serving more than 21 seasons until his retirement in 2006 after which he was named Pops Conductor Laureate. Hayman founded and conducted the Florida Sunshine Pops orchestra in Boca Raton and continued to make guest conducting appearances in the United States and Europe.

paragraph: His biggest hit was the 1953 single "Ruby". Hayman took the theme for the motion picture "Ruby Gentry," and through his specially stylized arrangement, utilizing a harmonica as the solo instrument with a large, quasi-symphonic orchestra, the song zoomed to the top of the hit parade all over the world and brought about a renewed interest in the harmonica. It should also be mentioned that the flip side of the 45rpm and 78rpm single hit "Ruby" was the hit "Dansero" which also became an international favorite hit. Perhaps for this reason the single sold thousands or perhaps millions of copies for several years in the early to mid-1950s worldwide.

paragraph: He continued to chart into the early 1960s with titles like "Night Train".

paragraph: Hayman's last event with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, where he held the title of Pops Conductor Emeritus, took place on June 27, 2010, to honor his 90th birthday. The St. Louis Metro Singers, who performed with him at many Pops concerts, were also on stage at the event.

paragraph: Hayman is also noted for albums now regarded as Exotica.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Hayman died at a hospice in New York on February 5, 2014. He was 93.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Richard Hayman] at AllMusic

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Richard Hayman

wikipedia_title: Richard Hayman


text: Russian avant-garde

text: artist

text: Cubist

text: Suprematist

text: painter

text: Orel

text: Konstantin Yuon

text: Vera Mukhina

text: Aleksander Vesnin

text: Tatlin's

text: Paris

text: Henri Le Fauconnier

text: Jean Metzinger

text: André Segonzac

text: Académie de La Palette

text: Vladimir Tatlin

text: Vesnin

text: Jack of Diamonds

text: Tretiakov Gallery

text: Russian Museum

text: Tatlin

text: Constructivism

text: Suprematist

text: Jack of Diamonds

text: Kazimir Malevich

text: Supremus

text: Aleksandra Ekster

text: Nina Genke

text: Olga Rozanova

text: Ivan Puni

text: Verbovka Village Folk Centre

text: October Revolution

text: Proletkult

text: Free State Studios

text: Aleksei Gan

text: Aleksandr Rodchenko

text: Anarkhiia

text: Alexander Drevin

text: Vkhutemas

text: Constructivism

text: Jack of Diamonds

text: Ilya Mashkov

text: Petr Konchalovsky

text: Aristarkh Lentulov

text: NKVD

text: persona non grata

text: Soviet art

text: crater on Venus

text: sculptor

wikipedia_title: Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture

categories: 1885 births,20th-century Russian painters,Russian avant-garde,Soviet painters,Suprematism (art movement),Russian women artists,People from Oryol,Modern painters,Cubist artists,1961 deaths,Vkhutemas faculty

paragraph: Nadezhda Udaltsova

paragraph: Nadezhda Andreevna Udaltsova (, December 29,1885 – January 25,1961) was a Russian avant-garde artist (Cubist, Suprematist), painter and teacher.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Nadezhda Udaltsova was born in the village of Orel, Russia, on December 29, 1885. When she was six, her family moved to Moscow, where she graduated from high school and began her artistic career. In September 1905 Udaltsova enrolled in the art school run by Konstantin Yuon and Ivan Dudin, where she studied for two years and met fellow-students Vera Mukhina, Liubov Popova, and Aleksander Vesnin. In the spring of 1908 she traveled to Berlin and Dresden, and upon her return to Russia, she unsuccessfully applied for admission to the Moscow Institute of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture. In 1910–11, Udaltsova studied at several private studios, among them Tatlin's Tower. In 1912–13 she and Popova traveled to Paris to continue their studies under the tutelage of Henri Le Fauconnier, Jean Metzinger and André Segonzac at Académie de La Palette. Udaltsova returned to Moscow in 1913 and worked in Vladimir Tatlin's studio together with Popova, Vesnin, and others.

paragraph: Section::::Cubism and Cubo-Futurism.

paragraph: Udaltsova's professional debut was as a participant in a Jack of Diamonds exhibition in Moscow in the winter of 1914. But it was in 1915 that she really made her name as a Cubist artist, participating in three major exhibitions in that single year, including "Tramway V" (February), "Exhibition of Leftist Tendencies" (April), and "The Last Futurist Exhibition: 0.10" (December). Her paintings were subsequently collected and exhibited in the 1920s by the Tretiakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, and other venues as examples of Russian Cubism.

paragraph: Section::::Suprematism.

paragraph: Under the influence of Tatlin, Udaltsova experimented with Constructivism, but eventually embraced the more painterly approach of the Suprematist movement. In 1916, she participated with other Suprematist artists in a Jack of Diamonds exhibition, and during that same time period she joined Kazimir Malevich's" Supremus" group. In 1915–1916, together with other suprematist artists (Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Liubov Popova, Nina Genke, Olga Rozanova, Ivan Kliun, Ivan Puni, Ksenia Boguslavskaya and others) worked at the Verbovka Village Folk Centre.

paragraph: Section::::Revolution.

paragraph: Like many of her avant-garde contemporaries, Udaltsova embraced the October Revolution. In 1917, she was elected to the Club of the Young Leftist Federation of the Professional Union of Artists and Painters and began work in various state cultural institutions, including the Moscow Proletkult.In 1918, she joined the Free State Studios, first working as Malevich's assistant, and then heading up her own studio. She also collaborated with Aleksei Gan, Aleksei Morgunov, Aleksandr Rodchenko and Malevich on a newspaper entitled "Anarkhiia" (Anarchy). In 1919, Udaltsova contributed eleven works from the time she was working in Tatlin's studio to the "Fifth State Exhibition." She also married her second husband, the painter Alexander Drevin. When Vkhutemas, the Russian state art and technical school, was established in 1920, she was appointed professor and senior lecturer and would remain on staff until 1934. In 1920 she also became a member of the Institute for Artistic Culture (InKhuK) and actively participated in discussions there on the fate of easel art. However, when the Institute endorsed Constructivism and declared the end of easel painting, she resigned her membership in protest in 1921.

paragraph: Section::::Fauvism and a return to the figurative.

paragraph: In the early 1920s, Udaltsova's work began to show a turn away from the radical avant-garde and a sensibility more aligned with artists associated with the Jack of Diamonds, among them Ilya Mashkov, Petr Konchalovsky and Aristarkh Lentulov, exhibiting her Fauvist portraits and landscapes alongside them at the Vkhutemas "Exhibition of Paintings" of 1923 and also at the Venice "Biennale" of 1924. She also continued to teach, including instruction in textile design at Vhkutemas and the Textile Institute in Moscow from 1920 until 1930.

paragraph: Under the influence of Drevin, Udaltsova returned to nature and began painting landscapes. Between 1926 and 1934 they traveled widely, painting the Ural and Altai Mountains, as well as landscapes in Armenia and Central Asia. From 1927 to 1935, she contributed to national and international exhibitions and participated with Drevin in joint exhibitions at the Russian Museum (1928) and in Erevan, Armenia (1934).

paragraph: Section::::Repression and rehabilitation.

paragraph: In 1932–33, Udaltsova's contributions to the exhibition of "Artists of the RSFSR Over the Last Fifteen Years" were publicly criticized for so-called "formalist tendencies." In 1938 Alexander Drevin was arrested and executed by the NKVD, and Udaltsova became a persona non grata in the world of Soviet art. She was allowed a solo exhibition at the Moscow Union of Soviet Artists in 1945, and after Stalin's death, she contributed to a group exhibition at Moscow's House of the Artist in October 1958.

paragraph: Udaltsova died in 1961 in Moscow.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: The Udaltsova crater on Venus is named after her. Her son was the prominent Russian sculptor Andrei Drevin (1921–1996).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography and works of Nadezhda Udaltsova

alias:
Nadezhda Prudkovskaya
Nadezhda Andreyevna Udal'tsova
Nadezhda Andreyevna née Prudkovskaya
Nadezhda Andreevina Udaltsova
Nadezhda Udal'tsova
Nadežda Andreevna Udal'cova
Nadezhda Andreevna Udaltsova
Nadezhda née Prudkovskaya
Nadezda Andreevna Udal'cova
Nadejda Andreevna Oudaltsova
Nadezhda Andreevna Prudkovskaja
Nadezdah Andreevna Udal'cova
Nadezdah Andreyevna Udal'tsova
Nadezhda Udaltzova
Nadezhda Andreyevna nee Prudkovskaya
Nadezhda nee Prudkovskaya
Nadezda Andreevna Udal'Cova
Udal'cova
Nadežda Udalcova

description: Russian artist

wikidata_label: Nadezhda Udaltsova

wikipedia_title: Nadezhda Udaltsova


text:
footballer
right winger
Benfica
Primeira Liga
European Cups
Gabriel Hanot
Portuguese international
1966 World Cup
Barreiro
Setúbal District
F.C. Barreirense
Primeira Liga
S.L. Benfica
Mário Coluna
Eusébio
António Simões
European Cups
1961
1962
1969–70 campaign
Sporting Clube de Portugal
S.C. Farense
F.C. Penafiel
1994–95
CD Logroñés
La Liga
Portugal
friendly
England
1966 FIFA World Cup
Hungary
North Korea
Brazil Independence Cup
1974 World Cup qualifying campaign
Carlos Queiroz
UEFA Euro 1984
women's national team
Primeira Liga
1959–60
1960–61
1962–63
1963–64
1964–65
1966–67
1967–68
1968–69
Taça de Portugal
Taça de Honra
European Cup
1960–61
1961–62
FIFA World Cup
1966
Taça de Portugal
Brazil Independence Cup
World Soccer

wikipedia_title: 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)

categories: Vitória F.C. managers,S.L. Benfica footballers,Association football wingers,Portuguese expatriate football managers,LigaPro managers,1966 FIFA World Cup players,Portimonense S.C. managers,F.C. Barreirense players,Portuguese footballers,F.C. Penafiel managers,CD Logroñés managers,Expatriate football managers in Morocco,People from Barreiro, Portugal,Portugal international footballers,Living people,Fath Union Sport managers,1937 births,Portuguese football managers,La Liga managers,Portugal national football team managers,Primeira Liga players,S.L. Benfica managers,Expatriate football managers in Spain,Primeira Liga managers,S.C. Farense managers

paragraph: José Augusto (footballer)

paragraph: José Augusto Pinto de Almeida (; born 13 April 1937), known as José Augusto, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a right winger, and a coach.

paragraph: He played most of his career with Benfica, for which he appeared in 369 competitive matches and scored 174 goals, winning 13 major titles including eight Primeira Liga championships and two European Cups.He was dubbed the "Portuguese Garrincha" by Gabriel Hanot.

paragraph: A Portuguese international for one full decade, José Augusto represented the nation at the 1966 World Cup. He later worked as a manager, during more than 30 years.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Born in Barreiro, Setúbal District, José Augusto started playing with local F.C. Barreirense, spending four seasons in the Primeira Liga with the club. In summer 1959 he joined S.L. Benfica, going on to be part of the club's legendary attacking unit that also included Mário Coluna, Eusébio, António Simões and José Torres. He and his teammates won two European Cups, in 1961 and 1962, and still reached a further three finals in the decade; in the 1960–61 domestic league season he scored a career-best 24 goals in only 25 games, helping the side to the title.

paragraph: José Augusto retired early into the 1969–70 campaign at the age of 32, immediately being named Benfica's head coach and leading Benfica to the second position behind Sporting Clube de Portugal. He subsequently worked with several teams, including S.C. Farense and F.C. Penafiel in the top level.

paragraph: In 1994–95, in what was his first experience abroad, José Augusto was one of five managers in charge of CD Logroñés, as the club was relegated from La Liga with an all-time low 13 points.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: José Augusto made his debut for Portugal on 7 May 1958, in a 1–2 friendly loss against England. He played a further 44 matches for the national team during one full decade, and scored nine goals.

paragraph: José Augusto was selected for the 1966 FIFA World Cup squad, playing all games and netting three times for the eventual third-placed team, twice against Hungary in the opener (3–1, the first in the first minute) and once against North Korea in the quarter-finals (5–3).

paragraph: As a manager, he had a two-year spell with the national side, leading them to the runner-up position in the Brazil Independence Cup and through the unsuccessful 1974 World Cup qualifying campaign. In the 80s he was in charge of the youth teams, helping develop Carlos Queiroz; additionally, he was an assistant in the UEFA Euro 1984 finals in France.

paragraph: From 2004 to 2007, José August coached the women's national team.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Player.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Player.:Club.

paragraph: Benfica

paragraph: BULLET::::- Primeira Liga (8): 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taça de Portugal: 1961–62, 1963–64, 1968–69

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taça de Honra (3)

paragraph: BULLET::::- European Cup: 1960–61, 1961–62

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Player.:International.

paragraph: Portugal

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIFA World Cup: Third-place 1966

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Manager.

paragraph: Benfica

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taça de Portugal: 1969–70

paragraph: Portugal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brazil Independence Cup: Runner-up

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Soccer World XI: 1964, 1965

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portugal stats at Eu-Football

alias:
José Augusto
Jose Augusto de Almeida
Jose Augusto

description: Portuguese footballer

wikidata_label: José Augusto de Almeida

wikipedia_title: José Augusto (footballer)


text: United States Army Nurse Corps

text: World War II

text: prisoner of war

text: European Theater

text: casualty evacuation

text: Rocksprings

text: Edwards County

text: Texas

text: North Texas State College

text: San Antonio

text: Fort Sam Houston

text: second lieutenant

text: Albuquerque Army Air Base

text: Mather Field

text: Sacramento, California

text: flight nurse

text: Bowman Field

text: shock

text: physician

text: RAF Balderton

text: Nottinghamshire

text: RAF Grove

text: Oxfordshire

text: Advanced Landing Ground

text: St. Trond

text: flak

text: Aachen

text: red cross

text: surgical technician

text: concussion

text: Oberursel

text: Frankfurt

text: Obermaßfeld

text: Stalag IX-C

text: Meiningen

text: State Department

text: repatriated

text: Purple Heart

text: Air Medal

text: first lieutenant

text: Walter Reed Hospital

text: Brooke General Hospital

text: leave

text: Miami Beach, Florida

text: headache

text: Hamilton Field, California

text: Veterans Administration

text: encephalopathy

text: severe anxiety

text: lumbosacral

text: arthritis

text: Naval Aviator

text: Vietnam

text: Department of the Army

text: captured and imprisoned by the Japanese

text: Department of Defense

text: Women's roles in the World Wars

categories: Women in the United States Army,People from Edwards County, Texas,University of North Texas alumni,Recipients of the Air Medal,American prisoners of war in World War II,1981 deaths,1919 births,World War II prisoners of war held by Germany,United States Army Nurse Corps officers,Female wartime nurses,American women in World War II

paragraph: Reba Z. Whittle

paragraph: First Lieutenant Reba Zitella Whittle (August 19, 1919 – January 26, 1981) was a member of the United States Army Nurse Corps during World War II. She became the only American military female prisoner of war in the European Theater after her casualty evacuation aircraft was shot down in September 1944.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Background and military service.

paragraph: Whittle was born in Rocksprings, Edwards County, Texas, and studied at North Texas State College, before attending the Medical and Surgical Memorial Hospital School of Nursing in San Antonio. After graduating Whittle enlisted in the Army Nurse Corps on 10 June 1941 at Fort Sam Houston. With the rank of second lieutenant, she was assigned the Station Hospital at Albuquerque Army Air Base, New Mexico, where she served as a general duty ward nurse, later being transferred to Mather Field, Sacramento, California.

paragraph: On August 6, 1943, Whittle was accepted by the Army Air Forces School of Air Evacuation to train as a flight nurse. She arrived at the school at Bowman Field, Kentucky, in September. The six-week course was designed to make the nurses largely self-sufficient during the flight, and they were trained to treat pain, bleeding and shock, attending to patients in the absence of a physician. Whittle graduated with excellent grades on November 26, 1943, and on January 22, 1944, she departed for England aboard the with 25 other flight nurses of the 813th Medical Air Evacuation Transport Squadron. The 813th MAETS was initially based in RAF Balderton, Nottinghamshire, and later at RAF Grove, Oxfordshire. Between January and September 1944 Whittle flew on 40 missions logging over 500 hours flight time.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Prisoner of war.

paragraph: On September 27, 1944, Whittle left England on a mission to collect casualties from Advanced Landing Ground A-92 at St. Trond, Belgium. However, her C-47 was hit by German flak and crashed about outside Aachen, having apparently strayed far from its intended route, as Aachen and St. Trond are apart. The aircraft usually carried military supplies and sometimes troops on the outward flight, and then casualties on the return, so were not marked with the red cross. In the crash, Sergeant Hill, her surgical technician, was wounded in the arm and leg, one of the pilots was killed, the other badly hurt, and Whittle herself suffered from concussion, and injuries and lacerations to her face and back. The crew crawled from the wrecked and burning aircraft and were captured by German soldiers. They were taken to a nearby village and treated for their immediate injuries, then driven to a hospital nearby where a German doctor told Whittle that it was "Too bad having a woman as you are the first one and no one knows exactly what to do."

paragraph: The crew was then taken to "Auswertestelle West" ("Evaluation Office West"), the main "Luftwaffe" interrogation center at Oberursel, just to the north of Frankfurt. Whittle was separated from the rest of her crew and lodged at the nearby Hohemark Hospital, part of "Auswertestelle West" designed to provide immediate aid for wounded prisoners.

paragraph: On October 6, she was transferred to "Reserve Lazarett" IX-C(a) at Obermaßfeld. This was a military hospital run by British medical staff for Allied POWs, part of Stalag IX-C. On October 19, she was moved to another POW hospital, IX-C(b), at nearby Meiningen, where she worked with burns patients and at the rehabilitation center for amputees. After several weeks she was seen by representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross, who notified the State Department, and began to negotiate her release. Whittle was eventually repatriated, leaving Stalag IX-C on January 25, 1945. She was transported by train to Switzerland along with other prisoners who were being returned on medical or psychiatric grounds, then flew back to the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Return to the U.S..

paragraph: On February 7, 1945, Whittle received the Purple Heart for the injuries she received during the crash, and on the 17th was awarded the Air Medal, "For meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flights...in unarmed and unarmored aircraft." On March 2, she was promoted to first lieutenant.

paragraph: After a medical assessment and treatment at the Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C., and Brooke General Hospital, San Antonio, she was given 21 days convalescent leave. On May 11 she returned to duty, and a week later was sent to the Army Air Forces Redistribution Station No.2, at Miami Beach, Florida, where after another medical assessment her flying status was suspended on the grounds of recurrent headaches. Whittle served as a ward nurse at the AAF Regional and Air Debarkation Hospital, Hamilton Field, California, from June 15, 1945. On August 3, 1945 she married Lieutenant Colonel Stanley W. Tobiason at Hamilton Field, and then applied to be released from active duty. On August 31, 1945, she appeared before a Disposition Board which determined her to be fully qualified for military service. Her orders stated, "Relief from Active Duty is not by reason of physical disability." She was discharged on January 13, 1946.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-war life.

paragraph: Whittle continued to suffer from an assortment of physical and psychiatric problems. She sought compensation from the Veterans Administration, and in 1950 began a series of appeals for military medical retirement. Despite diagnoses of post-traumatic encephalopathy, chronic severe anxiety reaction, and early lumbosacral arthritis, her appeals were denied. Finally, in January 1954 the Army Physical Disability Appeal Board agreed that she was relieved from active duty by reason of physical disability, and thus eligible for retirement pay benefits, but as her disability was not "combat incurred", it was backdated only to the time of her application, April 1952. Her retroactive pay amounted to $3,780. After another review of her case an additional $999 was added. Had she received retroactive pay from the date of her discharge in 1946 it would have totaled $13,760. In 1960 she appealed for the full amount of retroactive pay, but this was rejected. Whittle made no further attempts to pursue her case. She and Colonel Tobiason had two sons, one of whom became a Naval Aviator and served in Vietnam. Reba Whittle Tobiason died of cancer on January 26, 1981.

paragraph: In April 1983, Colonel Tobiason wrote to the Department of the Army following the announcement of the honoring of the Army and Navy nurses captured and imprisoned by the Japanese, which stated that the Department of Defense and the Veterans Administration knew of no other American military women to have been taken prisoner. On September 2, 1983, Reba Z. Whittle was finally given official prisoner of war status.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Women's roles in the World Wars

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monahan, Evelyn & Rosemary Neidel-Greenlee. "And If I Perish : Frontline U.S. Army Nurses in World War II". New York: Knoph, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarnecky, Mary, Colonel, U.S. Army Nurse Corps, (Ret.). "A History of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps". Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tomblin, Barbara. "G.I. Nightingales: The Army Nurse Corps in World War II". Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996.

alias:
Reba Zitella Whittle
Reba Whittle Tobiason

description: United States Army nurse and prisoner of war

wikidata_label: Reba Z. Whittle

wikipedia_title: Reba Z. Whittle


text: Utah

text: Sullivan, Ohio

text: Church of the Latter Day Saints

text: Joseph Smith

text: Kirtland, Ohio

text: Far West, Missouri

text: Nauvoo, Illinois

text: Utah Territory

text: Mormon pioneers

text: Weber County

text: Mormon missionary

text: Native Americans

text: Salmon River, Idaho

text: England

text: Scotland

text: Wales

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: Sweden

text: Germany

text: France

text: Italy

text: Bishop

text: Plain City

text: Stake

text: Ogden

text: Council of Fifty

text: State Senator

text: Democrat

text: Republican

text: Warren

text: Joseph Fielding Smith

text: apostle

text: President of the LDS Church

text: Andrew Jenson

text: State of Utah Death Certificate

categories: American Mormon missionaries in France,Utah state court judges,American Mormon missionaries in Italy,People from Plain City, Utah,American leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,American Mormon missionaries in the United States,Utah Democrats,1835 births,American Mormon missionaries in Norway,American Mormon missionaries in Germany,American Mormon missionaries in Scotland,American Mormon missionaries in Sweden,19th-century American politicians,American Mormon missionaries in Denmark,American Mormon missionaries in England,Mormon missionaries in Wales,Members of the Utah Territorial Legislature,1922 deaths,County commissioners in Utah,19th-century Mormon missionaries,Members of the Council of Fifty,Mormon pioneers,American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom,Utah Republicans,Utah state senators

paragraph: Lewis W. Shurtliff

paragraph: Lewis Warren Shurtliff (July 24, 1835 – May 2, 1922) was a Utah politician and a missionary and leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

paragraph: Shurtliff was born in Sullivan, Ohio. As an infant, his parents joined the Church of the Latter Day Saints; the family followed Joseph Smith to Kirtland, Ohio; Far West, Missouri; and Nauvoo, Illinois. In 1851, the Shurtliff family travelled to Utah Territory as Mormon pioneers and settled in Weber County.

paragraph: In 1855 to 1858, Shurliff was a Mormon missionary to the Native Americans in present-day Salmon River, Idaho. In 1867, he went on a mission to England, Scotland, Wales, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, France, and Italy.

paragraph: Shurliff returned to Utah Territory and became the LDS Church Bishop in Plain City. In 1883, he became the president of the church's Weber Stake, which was based on Ogden. Also in 1883, Shurliff was invited to join the church's Council of Fifty.

paragraph: In 1886 and 1888, Shurliff was elected to the Utah Territorial Council. After Utah gained statehood in 1896, Shurliff was a State Senator from 1896 to 1899. He was initially elected as a Democrat but later became a Republican. Shurliff also served as a Weber County Commissioner and as a Weber County probate judge. In 1904 Shurtliff served as the 1st Vice president of the 12th National Irrigation Congress.

paragraph: In 1896, the Utah settlement of Salt Creek was renamed Warren to honor Shurtliff.

paragraph: Shurliff died in Ogden, Utah. One of Shurtliff's daughters, Louie Emily Shurtliff, married Joseph Fielding Smith, who after her death went on to become an apostle and later the President of the LDS Church.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Jenson. "Latter-day Saints' Biographical Encyclopedia" (Deseret News: Salt Lake City, 1901) 1:459–460.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- State of Utah Death Certificate.

description: American Mormon leader

wikidata_label: Lewis W. Shurtliff

wikipedia_title: Lewis W. Shurtliff


text:
Padang Panjang
West Sumatra
Indonesia
footballer
defender
Semen Padang
Indonesia national football team
Bahrain
Indonesia Premier League
2011-12
Indonesian Community Shield
Indonesia Premier League
2011-12

categories: Semen Padang F.C. players,1980 births,Living people,Indonesia international footballers,Association football defenders,Liga 1 (Indonesia) players,People from Padang Panjang,Minangkabau people,Indonesia Premier League players,Indonesian footballers,Persikabo Bogor players

paragraph: Hengky Ardiles

paragraph: Hengky Ardiles (born May 20, 1981 in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra), is an Indonesian footballer who plays as a defender for Semen Padang and the Indonesia national football team. His international debut was against Bahrain on February 29, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Semen Padang

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indonesia Premier League (1): 2011-12

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indonesian Community Shield (1): 2013

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indonesia Premier League Best Player (1): 2011-12

description: Indonesian footballer

wikidata_label: Hengky Ardiles

wikipedia_title: Hengky Ardiles