text: FRS

text: physician

text: ethnologist

text: Vedda people

text: Sri Lanka

text: Shilluk people

text: London School of Economics

text: Bronisław Malinowski

text: E. E. Evans-Pritchard

text: Meyer Fortes

text: Hamitic hypothesis

text: Caucasoid

text: Hamitic

text: St Thomas' Hospital

text: New Guinea

text: Ceylon

text: Sudan

text: London School of Economics

text: Fellow of the Royal Society

text: Bushmen

text: Pygmies

text: Negroid

text: Caucasoids

text: Hamites

text: Hottentots

text: Hamitic theory

text: Hamitic

text: Afro-Asiatic languages

text: Berber

text: Cushitic

text: Egyptian

text: Giuseppe Sergi

text: Egyptians

text: Beja

text: Nubians

text: Galla

text: Somali

text: Danakil

text: Berbers

text: Mediterranean race

text: Coon

text: Nordic

text: Semites

text: Maasai

text: Bahima

text: Tutsi

text: Dinka

text: Zulu

text: Alfred L. Kroeber

text: Oxford University Press

text: Paul Schebesta

text: The Veddas

text: Catalogue of the Seligman papers

text: Archives Division

text: London School of Economics

categories: 1873 births,Fellows of the Royal Society,British Jews,1940 deaths,British ethnologists

paragraph: Charles Gabriel Seligman

paragraph: Charles Gabriel Seligman FRS (24 December 1873 – 19 September 1940) was a British physician and ethnologist. His main ethnographic work described the culture of the Vedda people of Sri Lanka and the Shilluk people of the Sudan. He was a Professor at London School of Economics and was highly influential as the teacher of such notable anthropologists as Bronisław Malinowski, E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Meyer Fortes all of whose work overshadowed his own. He was a proponent of the Hamitic hypothesis, according to which, some civilizations of Africa were thought to have been founded by Caucasoid Hamitic peoples.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Seligman was born into a middle class Jewish family in London, the son of wine merchant Hermann Seligmann (Charles shortened his name to Seligman after 1914). He studied medicine at St Thomas' Hospital. After several years as a physician and pathologist, he volunteered his services to the 1898 Cambridge University expedition to the Torres Strait. He later joined expeditions to New Guinea (1904), Ceylon (1906-1908), and Sudan (1909-1912, again in 1921-1922).

paragraph: In 1905, Seligman married Brenda Zara Salaman, who accompanied him on many of his expeditions and whom he credited in his publications.

paragraph: From 1913 to 1934, he served as chair of Ethnology at the London School of Economics, where the Anthropology department maintains the Seligman Library in his name.

paragraph: Seligman was also a Fellow of the Royal Society.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Hamites.

paragraph: Seligman is most remembered for his detailed ethnographical work "Races of Africa" (1930), which recognises four major distinct races of the African continent: Bushmanoids (Bushmen), Pygmies, Negroids, and Caucasoids (Hamites). The Hottentots, Seligman maintains are a mixture of Bushmanoid, Negroid and Hamitic. As a staunch proponent of the Hamitic theory, in his work Seligman asserts that Hamitic Caucasoid North and Northeast Africans were responsible for introducing non-Semitic Afro-Asiatic languages (Berber-Cushitic-Egyptian) into Africa, as well as civilization, technology and all significant cultural developments. In his book, Seligman states his belief that:

paragraph: "Apart from relatively late Semitic influence...the civilizations of Africa are the civilizations of the Hamites, its history is the record of these peoples and of their interaction with the two other African stocks, the Negro and the Bushmen, whether this influence was exerted by highly civilized Egyptians or by such wider pastoralists as are represented at the present day by the Beja and Somali...The incoming Hamites were pastoral 'Europeans' - arriving wave after wave - better armed as well as quicker witted than the dark agricultural Negroes."

paragraph: Following Giuseppe Sergi's (1901) classification of the Hamites, Seligman divides the Hamites into two groups: (a) "Eastern Hamites" and (b) "Northern Hamites". The former include the "ancient and modern Egyptians... the Beja, the Berberines (Barbara and Nubians), the Galla, the Somali, the Danakil and... Ethiopians". The latter branch includes the Berbers and the "Taureg and Tibu of the Sahara, the Fulbe of Western Sudan and the extinct Guanche of the Canary Islands".

paragraph: Seligman acknowledged varying degrees of Negroid admixture amongst the Hamitic groups, but emphasized throughout his major works the essential racial and cultural unity of the various Hamitic peoples. In his "Some Aspects of the Hamitic Problem in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan" (1913), he writes that the Northern and Eastern Hamitic "groups shade into each other, and in many parts a Negro admixture has taken place, nevertheless, culturally if not always physically, either division stands apart from its fellow." The Hamites in general, and the Northern Hamites in particular, he asserted, have close "kinship with the European representatives of the Mediterranean race". Drawing from Coon, Seligman also discusses fairer features observed amongst a minority of Berbers or Northern Hamites, such as lighter skin, golden beards and blue eyes. "Races of Africa", however, notably questions the belief held by some anthropologists in the early 20th century that these fairer traits, such as blondism, were introduced by a Nordic variety.

paragraph: In addition, Seligman laid stress on the common descent of Hamites with Semites, writing that "there is no doubt that the Hamites and Semites must be regarded as modifications of an original stock, and that their differentiation did not take place so very long ago, evidence for this statement being furnished by the persistence of common cultural traits and linguistic affinities. Physically their relationship is obvious".

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Hamiticization.

paragraph: In his works, Seligman also discusses certain Negroid populations with notable Hamitic admixture and cultural influences, particularly within their ruling classes. He divided these communities into two groups on the basis of their degree of Hamitic influence or "Hamiticization": (a) "Nilo-Hamites" or "Negro-Hamitic" (such as the Maasai, Bahima and Tutsi), who he thought to have considerable Hamitic admixture, and (b) Nilotes (such as the Dinka), who showed comparatively fewer Hamitic affinities. Besides the foregoing, Seligman also asserted varying degrees of Hamitic influence in select other Negroid groups, such as some Zulu.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:"Races of Africa".

paragraph: "Races of Africa" (1930) upon publication received positive reviews. It was considered to be the first major published work in English on the ethnography of Africa, widely regarded as an "ethnological classic". The anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber in a review praises the book for its "vast amount of accurate information" in such concise form. The first book edition was published by Home University Library and later in the same year by Oxford University Press, and was used in many universities, in history and anthropology classes through to the late 1970s. "Races of Africa" was also revised four times, Seligman published a second revised edition in 1939, a year before his death: "Additions to the original edition published nine years ago include a note on the importance of the Boskop skull…an account of the Pygmies as described by Paul Schebesta and a slight alteration in the classification of the linguistic stocks of the Guinea Coast". A third edition (revised) appeared in 1957, which was later reprinted by demand in 1959 and 1961. This edition is notable as it was "brought up to date" by over a dozen anthropologists, and was very well received. A final revised edition was published in 1966 and the book was republished up to 1979.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Melanesians of British New Guinea" (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Veddas" (1911)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Some Aspects of the Hamitic Problem in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan" (1913)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Races of Africa" (1930, 1939,1957,1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pagan Tribes of Nilotic Sudan" (1932)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seligman biography at Minnesota State University EMuseum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalogue of the Seligman papers at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics.

description: British ethnologist

wikidata_label: Charles Gabriel Seligman

wikipedia_title: Charles Gabriel Seligman


text:
Medina Sidonia
Fourth Council of Toledo
Toledo
Medina Sidonia
Vejer de la Frontera
Alcalá de los Gazules
Talavera de la Reina
Visigoth
Wamba

paragraph: Pimenio

paragraph: Pimenio, (Pymenius) was Bishop of Assidonia (Medina Sidonia). He participated in the Fourth Council of Toledo in AD 633 and sixth in the year 638, being represented by the priest Ubiliensio in the seventh council of Toledo 646. He devoted several churches, putting in them further relics of martyrs, what various inscriptions are preserved in the chapel of Saints in Medina Sidonia (year 630), in the Saint Ambrosio church Vejer de la Frontera (year 644), in Salpensa (near Utrera) of 648, and in Alcalá de los Gazules 662. He carried out substantial work of renewal in his diocese and his episcopate lasted at least 18 years from 629 until after 646.

paragraph: He was buried in a monastery in the village of Aquis (Talavera de la Reina) where in the year 681 in honor of the Saint, the Visigoth king Wamba established the bishopric of aquense-eborense dependent of the pontifical chair of Merida.

wikidata_label: Pimenio

wikipedia_title: Pimenio


text: Faenza

text: Italian

text: clockmaker

text: earthquake

text: solar eclipse of 30 August 1905

text: planetary motion

text: solar system

text: watchmaker

text: engraver

text: 1908 Messina earthquake

text: tides

text: seismograph

text: Avezzano earthquake

text: planetary alignment

text: First World War

text: earth's crust

text: notary

text: Marche

text: Corriere della Sera

text: Il Progresso Italo-Americano

text: Benito Mussolini

text: the quake of 6 May 1976

text: Friuli

text: Mercury

text: Protezione Civile

text: comune

text: Ciampino

text: social networking

text: Rome

text: an earthquake hit the town of Lorca

text: Spain

categories: People from Faenza,1893 births,1979 deaths

paragraph: Raffaele Bendandi

paragraph: Raffaele Bendandi (Faenza, 17 October 1893 – Faenza, 3 November 1979) was an Italian clockmaker known for his predictions of earthquakes. Bendandi was self-taught and never published a verifiable scientific exposition of his theory.

paragraph: Section::::Life and legacy.

paragraph: Bendandi was born in Faenza to a family of modest wealth. He only attended school for five years, but at the time of the solar eclipse of 30 August 1905 became interested in planetary motion in the solar system. He worked for a watchmaker and an engraver, and also attended a technical drawing course, enabling him to make precision instruments and drawings to explore and demonstrate his theories. After the 1908 Messina earthquake, he began studying the tides, and also devised his own form of seismograph. In October 1914 he predicted in his unpublished notes that an earthquake would take place on 13 January 1915 and, after the Avezzano earthquake did occur on that day, killing 30,000 people, he devoted much of his time to studies of past earthquakes and planetary alignments, setting up his own observatory with seismographs.

paragraph: After serving in the First World War, he joined the Italian Seismology Society in 1920. Over time, he developed his own theories, which he called "seismogenics", about the nature of earthquakes. He believed, unsupported by conventional scientific evidence, that they are caused by planetary alignment in the solar system – that the moon, sun, and other planets have gravitational influence on the movements of the earth's crust. He gained fame in Italy after he registered a statement with a notary predicting that an earthquake would strike on 2 January 1924. His prediction was off by two days – an earthquake occurred on 4 January 1924 in the region of Marche. Based on this prediction, the Italian newspaper "Corriere della Sera" ran a front-page story about Bendandi. In the 1920s, he published many predictions of earthquakes in various Italian and foreign newspapers, including "Il Progresso Italo-Americano". Benito Mussolini was impressed by him, making him a Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy, but in 1928 banned him from making any further public predictions so as not to damage tourism.

paragraph: In 1931 he published " 'Un Principio Fondamentale dell'universo' ". However, he never published any account of his forecasting methods. The only systematic approach to the Bendandi methodology and forecasting is being carried out by Lagorio and Ballabene, who are preparing some new dedicated software.

paragraph: The principles of Bendandi's predictive method were exposed during European Geosciences Union General Assembly (EGU) in Vienna on 15 April 2015.

paragraph: He resumed publishing forecasts in 1950, and continued making predictions until 1977, but with a break in the late 1960s. One comparison between his forecasts and actual events states that "the accuracy of Bendandi's time forecasts proved to be remarkable". In later years, his forecasts became less specific in terms of date and location, but he reportedly forecast the quake of 6 May 1976 in Friuli which killed almost 1,000. He also claimed to have discovered a new planet between Mercury and the sun, which he named Faenza after his home town.

paragraph: After his death, someone burned his papers. Remaining fragments made reference to 1996–2012 solar activity. His home in Faenza was later turned into a museum, " 'Casa Museo Raffaele Bendandi'."

paragraph: Section::::Events of 2011.

paragraph: In January 2011, leaflets falsely claiming to come from the Protezione Civile, were distributed in the "comune" of Ciampino, stating that Bendandi had forecast an earthquake on 11 May 2011, and that residents should leave their homes before that day. Rumours continued to spread in particular through social networking sites, and specified that the earthquake would affect Rome. In May 2011 it was reported that people were fleeing Rome in readiness for an earthquake predicted to occur on 11 May. The existence of a prediction for that date was denied by the custodians of Bendandi's papers, while the Italian National Institute of Geology and Vulcanology (INGV) held an open day at its Rome office on the day. There was no earthquake in Rome that day. Nevertheless, some media reports drew attention to the fact that, on the same day, an earthquake hit the town of Lorca in Spain some away. The INGV stated: "There is absolutely no link between Spain and Italy, geologically, or with the prediction of an earthquake in Rome."

description: Italian clockmaker

wikidata_label: Raffaele Bendandi

wikipedia_title: Raffaele Bendandi


text: Breslau

text: lee waves

text: Gigant

text: Zugspitze

text: Mercury Redstone project

text: Marshall Space Flight Center

text: Alan Shepard

text: Global Atmospheric Research Program

text: National Science Foundation

text: Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit

categories: Glider flight record holders,American aviation record holders,American aviators,German aviators,1909 births,American centenarians,American meteorologists,German meteorologists,Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,Glider pilots,2011 deaths,German centenarians

paragraph: Joachim Kuettner

paragraph: Joachim Kuettner (September 21, 1909 – February 24, 2011), also spelled Küttner, was a German-American atmospheric scientist.

paragraph: Section::::Germany.

paragraph: Born and raised in Breslau, Germany, Joachim Kuettner put his early interest in the atmosphere aside to complete a doctorate in law and economics at age 21. He worked in small-town courts and gazed at cumulus clouds while on the road. As Germany's legal and political structure deteriorated in the 1930s, Kuettner switched gears to earn a second doctorate, this time in meteorology. For his dissertation, he deployed 25 instrumented gliders to gather data on lee waves, the newly discovered features forming downwind of mountains. He also set a world altitude record for gliders, soaring without oxygen—and with numb feet and blue fingers—to 6,800 meters (22,300 feet).

paragraph: Kuettner flight-tested the world's largest airplane, the Gigant, during World War II, narrowly escaping death as the plane broke apart in flight and his parachute opened just 200 meters (660 feet) above ground. After the war, "I wanted to go to a mountaintop and be alone," Kuettner recalled. He spent three years studying many atmospheric phenomena, including thunderstorm electricity, at the observatory atop the Zugspitze, the highest point in Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Move to U.S..

paragraph: In the early 1950s, Kuettner came to the United States and joined the Sierra Wave Project as scientific field director, investigating lee waves in California. Then, as the U.S. space program got under way, Kuettner became director of the Mercury Redstone project— at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center which culminated in 1961 by putting the first American, Alan Shepard, into space. Kuettner also headed systems integration during the early stages of the Apollo project.

paragraph: Section::::GATE.

paragraph: Kuettner coordinated and planned many international atmospheric field studies, including the landmark Global Atmospheric Research Program's Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE)—with more than 70 nations participating—in 1974; the Monsoon Experiment (MONEX) in 1979; and the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX) in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::NCAR.

paragraph: In the 1980s Kuettner was based at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. He joined the staff of NCAR's managing organization, the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research in 1994 when the National Science Foundation awarded him the UCAR Distinguished Chair for Atmospheric Science and International Research. Shortly before his death in 2011, the Federal Republic of Germany presented Kuettner with the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit, one of Germany's highest civilian honors.

paragraph: Kuettner attributed his sustained love of atmospheric research to two traits: "curiosity and joy of adventure. If you can preserve these two wonderful afflictions through your life, you will never be able to stop exploring the atmosphere."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NCAR Archives Joachim Kuettner Special Collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- UCAR Digital Image Library photo, portrait of Joachim Kuettner

paragraph: BULLET::::- UCAR Digital Image Library photo, Joachim Kuettner piloting research glider in the 1950s

paragraph: BULLET::::- OSTIV Official website - Obituary for Joachim P. Kuettner

alias:
J. P. Kuettner
Joachim P. Kuettner

description: German-American scientist

wikidata_label: Joachim Kuettner

wikipedia_title: Joachim Kuettner


text:
Rabbi
Talmud
Halachist
Galicia
Kalush
Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller
Aryeh Leib the Ketzos HaChoshen
Sighet
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
g'marah
Shulchan Aruch
קונטרס הספיקות

categories: Orthodox rabbis from Galicia (Eastern Europe),1743 births,1819 deaths,Kohanim writers of Rabbinic literature,18th-century rabbis,19th-century rabbis,Ukrainian Orthodox rabbis,People from Kalush, Ukraine,Later Acharonim

image: 512px-מצבת_קבורת_קונטרס_הספיקות.jpg

paragraph: Yehuda Heller Kahana

paragraph: Yehuda Heller-Kahane (2 December 1743 – 22 April 1819) () was a Rabbi, Talmudist, and Halachist in Galicia. He was known as "the "Kuntras HaSfeikos"" based on his work, "Kuntras HaSfeikos", קונטרס הספיקות.

paragraph: Section::::Life and works.

paragraph: In 1743 Yehuda was born to his father Yosef in the Galician town of Kalush (presently located in Ukraine). Contrary to some historical reports, Yehuda was not a fourth-generation descendant from Rabbi Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller, but fifth generation. The family tree is shown in Yom Tov's biography (linked above). He was one of five brothers (with Chaim, Mordechai, Daniel, and Aryeh Leib the Ketzos HaChoshen) and one sister.

paragraph: He was the first Rabbi of Sighet, in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (now Romania).

paragraph: R. Yehuda wrote: "Kuntras HaSfeikos" which documents cases in the g'marah regarding monetary disputes, as well as "Terumas Hakeri", a commentary on the "Shulchan Aruch".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- קונטרס הספיקות (in Hebrew)

description: rabbi

wikidata_label: Yehuda Heller Kahana

wikipedia_title: Yehuda Heller Kahana


text: OBE

text: Austria

text: Brisbane

text: Queensland

text: Australia

text: Queensland Art Gallery

text: Vienna

text: Vienna University

text: Josef Strzygowski

text: Henri Focillon

text: Sorbonne

text: Karl Langer

text: Third Reich

text: Sydney

text: Brisbane

text: Queensland Art Gallery

text: Australian Council for the Arts

text: The Courier

text: Langer House

text: St Lucia

text: Queensland Heritage Register

text: Officer of the

text: Order of the British Empire

categories: Jewish women writers,Australian journalists,1984 deaths,Women critics,1908 births,Naturalised citizens of Australia,Members of the Order of the British Empire,Writers from Brisbane,University of Vienna alumni,Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss,20th-century Australian writers,Australian art critics,Australian people of Austrian-Jewish descent,Writers from Vienna,20th-century Australian women writers,Austrian emigrants to Australia,Jewish Australian writers,Australian women journalists

paragraph: Gertrude Langer

paragraph: Gertrude Langer OBE (née Froeschel) (1908–1984) was Austrian-born art critic in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. She was prominent in the Queensland Art Gallery and other arts organisations.

paragraph: Section::::Life in Austria.

paragraph: Gertrude Froeschel was born in Vienna, Austria in 1908. She commenced study in the History of Art at Vienna University in 1926 being taught by Professor Josef Strzygowski and later attended lectures by Henri Focillon at the Sorbonne. In 1932 she married a fellow student Karl Langer graduating the following year on the same night as he with a Doctorate of Philosophy in Art History. In 1938 with the annexation of Austria by the Third Reich, Gertrude who was Jewish, and Karl left Vienna and travelled via Athens to Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Life in Australia.

paragraph: Karl and Gertrude arrived in Sydney in May 1939 proceeding to Brisbane in July so that Karl could commence work for architects Cook and Kerrison. From the time of their arrival until their deaths the Langers dedicated themselves to a great variety of civic and professional activities. Their combined efforts greatly influenced the development of the arts and design in Queensland especially through such organisations as the Queensland Art Gallery Society, the Australian Council for the Arts and the Vacation Schools of Creative Art in which they fulfilled key roles over many years.

paragraph: Gertrude was the art critic for The Courier Mail from 1953 until her death, her last review being published on the day she died, 19 September 1984. She was a foundation member of the International Association of Art Critics and was president of the Association's Australian Division from 1975 to 1978. Through her work with the Gallery Society and her personal donations of art works including drawings by Karl she exerted her influence on the collection of the Queensland Art Gallery.

paragraph: Their home, Langer House, in St Lucia was designed by her husband Karl. The house was sold after the death of Gertrude Langer in 1984. It is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: She was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire by The Queen on 1 January 1968 for her services as President of the Arts Council of Queensland.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Her works included a book of poems for her late husband Karl:

description: Austrian-Australian art historian, art critic and journalist

wikidata_label: Gertrude Langer

wikipedia_title: Gertrude Langer


text:
LOL
Time Lapse
Tbilisi, I Love You
Tbilisi, Georgia
Los Angeles, California
Unfabulous
Lincoln Heights
90210
How I Met Your Mother
The Mentalist
Tbilisi, I Love You
LOL
Demi Moore
Miley Cyrus
Time Lapse
Danielle Panabaker
Matt O'Leary

categories: People from Tbilisi,American people of Georgian (country) descent,Expatriates from Georgia (country) in the United States,American male television actors,American male film actors,1990 births,Male film actors from Georgia (country),Male actors from Los Angeles,Living people

paragraph: George Finn

paragraph: George Finn (born January 21, 1990) is a Georgian-American actor. He is best known for his roles in the films "LOL", "Time Lapse" (2014) and "Tbilisi, I Love You" (2014)

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: George Finn was born as George Agiashvili () in Tbilisi, Georgia into a family of writers and filmmakers. He moved to Los Angeles, California at a young age. Films were the main focus in the family, and Finn soon started to develop a desire to be a part of the industry.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Finn first appeared in a recurring role, as Julian, on "Unfabulous" from 2004 until 2007. He has subsequently had many guest starring roles since then, appearing on "Lincoln Heights" (2009), "90210" (2009), "How I Met Your Mother" (2009–10), "Cold Case" (2010), and "The Mentalist" (2014). Finn has had lead roles in several films directed by his brother, Nika Agiashvili, including "The Harsh Life of Veronica Lambert" (2009), "A Green Story" (2012) and "Tbilisi, I Love You" (2014).

paragraph: He starred as Chad in "LOL" (2012) alongside Demi Moore and Miley Cyrus, and was one of the lead roles, portraying Jasper, in "Time Lapse" (2014) alongside Danielle Panabaker and Matt O'Leary. Finn is set to star as the lead in Agiashvili's film, "The Short Happy Life of Butch Livingston", set for release in 2017.

description: Georgian-American actor

wikidata_label: George Finn

wikipedia_title: George Finn


text: The Honourable

text: herald

text: College of Arms

text: London

text: University of Oxford

text: Portcullis Pursuivant

text: Somerset Herald

text: Garter Principal King of Arms

text: England

text: Wales

text: George VI

text: King's

text: Elizabeth II

text: Coronation

text: Order of the Garter

text: Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor

text: Old Windsor

text: Berkshire

text: Farnham

text: Dublin

text: Ireland

text: the Hon.

text: Clytha

text: Baron Bellew

text: Edward Henry

text: baron

text: took the style

text: baron

text: Royal Warrant of Precedence

text: Warfield House

text: Berkshire

text: James Robinson Planché

text: Somerset Herald

text: Wellington College

text: Christ Church, Oxford

text: College of Arms

text: Portcullis Pursuivant

text: World War II

text: Squadron Leader

text: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve

text: mentioned in despatches

text: Somerset Herald

text: Algar Howard

text: Garter Principal King of Arms

text: George VI

text: Elizabeth II

text: Earl Marshal

text: Queen’s Coronation

text: Westminster Abbey’s

text: The Independent

text: Knight Bachelor

text: Royal Victorian Order

text: Blitz

text: Queen Victoria Street

text: Ministry of Works

text: Order of the Garter

text: Order of Chivalry

text: courtier

text: Alan Lascelles

text: Sovereign's Private Secretary

text: Anthony Wagner

text: Richmond Herald

text: Order of the Garter

text: Order of the Bath

text: Society of Antiquaries

text: Order of St John

text: Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor

text: Farnham

text: grants of arms

text: English heraldry

text: The

text: "Times"

text: Sir George Rothe Bellew

text: Cecil Beaton

text: National Portrait Gallery

text: Heraldry

text: Officer of arms

text: Chesshyre, Hubert

text: Spink and Son Ltd

text: Visitation of Ireland

text: Wagner, Sir Anthony Richard

text: Her Majesty's Stationery Office

categories: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II,People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire,1899 births,British people of Spanish descent,Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath,Knights of the Order of St John,1993 deaths,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order,English officers of arms,Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London

paragraph: George Bellew

paragraph: Sir George Rothe Bellew, (13 December 1899 – 6 February 1993), styled The Honourable after 1935, was a long-serving herald at the College of Arms in London. Educated at the University of Oxford, he was appointed Portcullis Pursuivant in 1922. Having been Somerset Herald for 24 years, he was promoted to the office of Garter Principal King of Arms in 1950, the highest heraldic office in England and Wales. He served in that capacity until his resignation in 1961. As Garter, Bellew oversaw the funeral of George VI, proclaimed the late King's daughter, Elizabeth II, as Queen and took a leading role in the organisation of her Coronation in 1953. After his retirement, Bellew was Secretary of the Order of the Garter (until 1974) and Knight Principal of the Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor (until 1962). He lived for many years at Dower House in Old Windsor, Berkshire, but later moved to Farnham and died in 1993, aged 93.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life and heraldic career before 1950.

paragraph: Born in Dublin, Ireland, on 13 December 1899, Bellew was the son of the Hon. Richard Eustace Bellew by his second wife Gwendoline Marie Josephine, elder daughter of William Reginald Joseph Fitzherbert Herbert Huddleston of Clytha. His father was the younger son of the second Baron Bellew. Bellew's elder brother, Edward Henry, inherited the barony; because their father had died before inheriting the title, Bellew and his other siblings took the style of the son of a baron by a Royal Warrant of Precedence in 1935. The same year, he married Ursula Kennard Cull (died 1994), eldest daughter of Anders Eric Knös Cull (died 1968), a merchant banker and founder of Cull & Co., of Warfield House, Berkshire, and had one son, Richard George Bellew (born 1936); through her mother, Ursula Bellew was a descendant of James Robinson Planché, sometime Somerset Herald.

paragraph: Following schooling at Wellington College, Bellew went up to Christ Church, Oxford. He arrived at the College of Arms in 1922, when he was appointed Portcullis Pursuivant. After four years in that capacity, he was promoted to the office of Somerset Herald and went on to serve as the College’s registrar from 1935 to 1946. His heraldic career was interrupted by World War II, when Bellew rose to the rank of Squadron Leader in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and was mentioned in despatches. Having spent 24 years as Somerset Herald, he succeeded Sir Algar Howard as Garter Principal King of Arms in 1950, the highest position in the College of Arms and the leading herald in England and Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Gartership.

paragraph: As Garter, Bellew was tasked with overseeing the State Funeral of George VI in 1952, but many of the details had been prepared in advance. Along with officially proclaiming the King’s successor, Elizabeth II, he was also effectively the senior assistant to the Earl Marshal in organising the new Queen’s Coronation, a complex and demanding operation. He advocated (in opposition to most of the Coronation Executive Committee) the broadcast of the service on television and designed the heraldic statues which guarded Westminster Abbey’s doors during the ceremony—a "notable success", according to "The Independent". A Knight Bachelor since 1950, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1953 in recognition for his service during the Coronation.

paragraph: Bellew's Gartership also witnessed changes to the fabric of the College of Arms. Although it had survived the Blitz, structural problems with the roof and brickwork forced the heralds to decide between leaving the College's buildings on Queen Victoria Street or attempting expensive repairs. In 1954, they approached the Ministry of Works to ask for financial assistance in the building work; the Ministry agreed to cover half the cost. A successful public appeal for the remaining funds followed and the restoration work carried out. The College of Arms Trust was established in 1956 to oversee funds for the building's maintenance.

paragraph: Garter is "ex officio" the officer of arms of the Order of the Garter, England's senior Order of Chivalry. The post of Secretary of the Order had been created in the early 20th century and had been held by courtiers since then, not always in friendly relations with other officers. In 1952, Bellew and most of the chapter came to an agreement that a herald be appointed to the post; after appealing to Sir Alan Lascelles, the Sovereign's Private Secretary, the Queen agreed and Anthony Wagner was given the position.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Retirement.

paragraph: Having served as Garter for 11 years, Bellew retired in 1961 and was succeeded by Anthony Wagner, then Richmond Herald. He then served as Secretary of the Order of the Garter until 1974, which included responsibility for the Orders' finances, and received a third knighthood when he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. He was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and Knight of the Order of St John. Having been Knight Principal of the Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor from 1957 to 1962, he was its Deputy Knight Principal from then until 1971. In the aftermath of World War II, he and his wife purchased Woodside Dower House in Old Windsor, Berkshire; then a ruin, he took a keen interest in renovating it and hosting parties there. While Secretary of the Order of the Garter, he entertained friends and colleagues at the house after the order's annual service in June. In later years, he lived at The Grange in Farnham and died on 6 February 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and appraisal.

paragraph: Bellew's successor as Garter, Sir Anthony Wagner, referred to him in his 1988 memoirs; he wrote that Bellew seemed "in early years a temperamental, combative Irishman not easy to live with though always possessed of great feeling for ceremonial and heraldic design and a skillful pen and pencil. In later years I have found him ever more charming". According to "The Independent", Bellew enjoyed creating colourful grants of arms, drew inspiration from medieval heraldry and allowed multi-coloured wreaths to be used and adorned with badges for the first time in English heraldry. As Garter, he managed the financial affairs of the College well, maintaining "a firm hand on the tiller", and, when faced with the task of organising the Coronation, his knowledge of tradition was complemented by his eye for design: "At heart he was a designer, an artist and a perfectionist in all things", remarks his obituary in "The" "Times".

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bellew, Sir George Rothe (n.d.). "St. George's Chapel, Windsor and the History of the Most Noble Order of the Garter". London: Pitkin Pictorials. OCLC 200062583

paragraph: BULLET::::- — (1960). "The Story of Salisbury Hall". W. J. Goldsmith. OCLC 30242508

paragraph: BULLET::::- — (1971). "Britain's Kings and Queens". London: Pitkin Pictorials. . OCLC 1031506

paragraph: Section::::Likenesses.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sir George Rothe Bellew" by Cecil Beaton, bromide print on white card mount, 1953 7/ in. × 7/ in. (186 mm × 191 mm). Held in the Photographs Collection at the National Portrait Gallery (given by Cecil Beaton, 1968).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heraldry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Officer of arms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Begent, Peter J.; Chesshyre, Hubert (1999). "The Most Noble Order of the Garter: 650 Years". London: Spink and Son Ltd.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crisp, Frederick Arthur (1918). "Visitation of Ireland." Volume 6. Privately printed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Godfrey, W. H.; Wagner, Sir Anthony Richard (1963). "Survey of London, Monograph 16: College of Arms, Queen Victoria Street". London: Guild & School of Handicraft. OCLC 2696644

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles; Williamson, David (eds.) (2000). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage". London: Macmillan. . OCLC 44009198

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wagner, Sir Anthony Richard (1967). "Heralds of England". London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC 730086174

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wagner, Sir Anthony Richard (1988). "A Herald's World". Privately published.

description: British officer of arms

wikidata_label: George Bellew

wikipedia_title: George Bellew


text:
Japan
Chushingura
kabuki
Forty-seven Ronin
Shimada Masahiko
New National Theatre, Tokyo
Giacomo Puccini
Madama Butterfly
anime
Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam
Astro Boy (1980)
Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ
Catnapped! The Movie
Catnapped!
Astro Boy
Ninjiman Ippei
Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam
Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ
Hana no Ran
Chushingura

categories: 20th-century classical composers,20th-century male musicians,1942 births,20th-century Japanese musicians,21st-century Japanese musicians,21st-century classical composers,Male film score composers,Japanese opera composers,Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon,Musicians from Hyōgo Prefecture,Japanese classical composers,Male opera composers,Living people,Japanese male classical composers,Anime composers

paragraph: Shigeaki Saegusa

paragraph: Shigeaki Saegusa (, formerly ; "Saegusa Shigeaki"; born July 8, 1942) is a Japanese composer.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Saegusa is best known for his opera version "Chushingura" of the well-known kabuki epic of the Forty-seven Ronin/ with a libretto by the novelist Shimada Masahiko. Written over a period of 10 years, the opera was most recently performed at the New National Theatre, Tokyo in 2002. His newest opera, "Jr. Butterfly" is a sequel to Giacomo Puccini's "Madama Butterfly".

paragraph: He has also written the background music for anime, the foremost of which being "Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam". Other anime he has written for are "Astro Boy (1980)", "Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ", "", "Catnapped! The Movie", and "".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Opera.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 "Chushingura"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Jr. Butterfly"

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Oratorio.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 "Yamato Takeru"

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Orchestral works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 "Piano Concerto"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 "The Symphony"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Symfonic Suite "Z Gundam"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 "Orchestra '89"

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Chamber/Instrumental works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963 "Bläserquintet (Wind Quintet)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 "Novelette" for string quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 "Memory" for narrator, string quartet and tape

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 "Radiation Mass" for 4 synthesizers, vocorder and percussion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 "Sho '83" for sho, percussion and keyboard

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 "Duo '87" for sangen and koto

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 "Cello '88" for cello solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 "Percussion '88" for percussion solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 "Four Concertos" for violin, cello, piano and sangen

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Vocal works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 "Madrigal" for 6 sopranos

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 "Requiem" for soprano, tenor, mixed chorus and orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "Requiem" for soprano, tenor, male chorus and orchestra

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Film score.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 ""

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 "Catnapped!"

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Music for TV programs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 "Astro Boy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 "Ninjiman Ippei"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 "Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 "Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 "Hana no Ran"

paragraph: Section::::Recordings.

paragraph: Chushingura was recorded in 1997 and published on compact disc (Sony Classical SK60233).

description: Japanese composer

wikidata_label: Shigeaki Saegusa

wikipedia_title: Shigeaki Saegusa


text:
relief pitcher
Major League Baseball
Montreal Expos
Los Angeles Dodgers
trading deadline
Detroit Tigers
John Cummings
Chad Curtis
San Diego Padres
Cincinnati Reds
ERA
Washington Nationals
Orioles
Peter Angelos
spring training

categories: Montreal Expos players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Harrisburg Senators players,Gastonia Rangers players,Indianapolis Indians players,1970 births,Adirondack Lumberjacks players,Cincinnati Reds players,Washington Nationals players,Charlotte Rangers players,Gulf Coast Expos players,New Orleans Zephyrs players,Detroit Tigers players,Baseball players from California,Los Angeles Dodgers players,Brevard County Manatees players,Albuquerque Dukes players,Pasadena City Lancers baseball players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Butte Copper Kings players,Living people,American expatriate baseball players in Canada,Tucson Sidewinders players,Ottawa Lynx players

paragraph: Joey Eischen

paragraph: Joseph Raymond Eischen (born May 25, 1970) is a former relief pitcher in Major League Baseball.

paragraph: Section::::High school.

paragraph: Joey Eischen attended West Covina High School in West Covina, California and was a letterman in football, basketball, baseball, and tennis. He graduated from West Covina High School in 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.

paragraph: Eischen made his Major League debut with the Montreal Expos on June 19, 1994. The following year he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers, appearing in 17 games, striking out 15 and walking 11 over 20 innings. He was traded again at the Major League trading deadline in 1996 to the Detroit Tigers. The Los Angeles Dodgers on July 31, 1996 traded him to the Tigers with pitcher John Cummings for outfielder Chad Curtis.

paragraph: In his first full season, he struck out a career high 51 batters (a number he later tied in 2002). Before the 1997 season, Eischen was traded twice - first to the San Diego Padres, then again to the Cincinnati Reds.

paragraph: Eischen only pitched in one game for the Reds in 1997 and did not appear in the major leagues again until 2001. He returned to the Expos in 2001 and stayed with the franchise until 2006, enjoying moderate success. He had his best season in 2002, finishing with a 6–1 record and an ERA of 1.34. In 2003, he appeared in a career high 70 games and had a very respectable 3.06 ERA. The workload apparently caught up to him the following season, as he pitched in only 21 games and his season was cut short by a shoulder injury.

paragraph: He managed to come back in 2005 (with the relocated Washington Nationals) and appear in 57 games but was limited to a total of 36 innings. In one not-so-enviable instance, he went five consecutive outings without recording an out.

paragraph: Eischen still managed to become a cult hero for Washington fans with his all out play and witty remarks. Commenting on Orioles owner Peter Angelos' objection to the Expos move to Washington, Eischen said "He's going to have to suck on it and like it. We're not going anywhere." It was well documented that he had to wear a mouth guard because he would grind his teeth when pitching.

paragraph: Until he broke his arm diving for a ball, Eischen was an integral part of the Nationals bullpen as they led the NL East through the first half of 2005. The overachieving Nationals bullpen was worn thin and the starting pitching could not maintain the pace they had set through June. At 81-81, they finished the season in last place. Eischen was the first pitcher to register a win as a National. A favorite of Frank Robinson's, Eischen spent the first several innings of every game on the top step of the dugout alongside the Hall of Famer. Perhaps as a nod from Frank, Eischen relieved Chad Cordero and was the last Nationals hurler to throw a pitch that year.

paragraph: In 2006, his last in the Majors, Eischen struggled drastically for the first two months of the season and was eventually put on the 60-day disabled list when he was scheduled to have season-ending surgery on his shoulder. After 6 consecutive seasons with the organization, he was released. His career ended after a failed comeback with the Detroit Tigers in 2007, in which he was cut during spring training.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Joey Eischen

wikipedia_title: Joey Eischen


text:
baseball
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Montreal Expos
Washington Nationals
New York Mets
Minnesota Twins
Florida Marlins
New York Yankees
Baltimore Orioles
Atlanta Braves
Mexican Baseball League
relief pitcher
Saraperos de Saltillo
earned run average
free agent
Colorado Rockies
Montreal Expos
Ottawa Lynx
Arizona Diamondbacks
Rule 5 pick
Atlanta Braves
Nationals
National League
hold
2006 World Baseball Classic
Tommy John surgery
disabled list
runs
hit
save
Anderson Hernández
Houston Astros
Minnesota Twins
Ron Gardenhire
Florida Marlins
Los Angeles Dodgers
Albuquerque Isotopes
closer
Arizona Diamondbacks
Colorado Rockies
New York Yankees
Baltimore Orioles
Atlanta Braves
Chris Jones
Toronto Blue Jays
Buffalo Bisons
Olmecas de Tabasco
Mexican Baseball League
Diablos Rojos del Mexico
Mexican Baseball League
Saraperos de Saltillo
Mexican Baseball League
Bravos de León
Mexican Baseball League

categories: Águilas de Mexicali players,Montreal Expos players,Albuquerque Isotopes players,Salem Avalanche players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Atlanta Braves players,New York Mets players,Diablos Rojos del México players,Mexican expatriate baseball players in the United States,Bravos de León players,Gwinnett Braves players,Washington Nationals players,1978 births,Colorado Springs Sky Sox players,Gulf Coast Expos players,New Orleans Zephyrs players,Mississippi Braves players,New York Yankees players,Major League Baseball players from Mexico,Minnesota Twins players,2009 World Baseball Classic players,Columbus Clippers players,Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players,Tomateros de Culiacán players,Baseball players from Sinaloa,Potomac Nationals players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,2006 World Baseball Classic players,Reno Aces players,Saraperos de Saltillo players,Olmecas de Tabasco players,Florida Marlins players,Baltimore Orioles players,Mexican League baseball pitchers,Mexican expatriate baseball players in Canada,Sportspeople from Los Mochis,Ottawa Lynx players

paragraph: Luis Ayala

paragraph: Luis Ignacio Ayala Hernández (born January 12, 1978) is a Mexican former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball for the Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals, New York Mets, Minnesota Twins, Florida Marlins, New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles, and Atlanta Braves. He is and weighs . He bats and throws right-handed.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Saraperos de Saltillo.

paragraph: In , as a 19-year-old, Ayala started playing in the Mexican Baseball League as a relief pitcher. He spent five years with the Saraperos de Saltillo, where he was 10–3 with a 2.92 earned run average (ERA). in 65 games. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Colorado Rockies in 1999 and spent time with their A ball team before the Rockies sold him back to Saltillo in 2001..

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Montreal Expos / Washington Nationals.

paragraph: In 2002, he was purchased from Saltillo by the Montreal Expos. He played with the AAA Ottawa Lynx in 2002. At the end of the season, he was signed by the Arizona Diamondbacks, but two months later returned to the Expos as a Rule 5 pick.

paragraph: Ayala made his major league debut on March 31, 2003 for the Expos against the Atlanta Braves, working two innings of relief and allowing one run and four hits. His 10 relief wins that season were tied for 2nd most in MLB. Ayala pitched well for the Expos/Nationals from through . Over the three years, he averaged 70 appearances per year, and compiled an ERA of 2.75, and led the National League with 62 holds. In he ranked eighth in appearances with 81.

paragraph: Ayala injured his elbow on the last pitch of a 2006 World Baseball Classic game. As a result, he underwent Tommy John surgery on March 30, and was knocked out for the entire 2006 season. Ayala began the season on the 60-day disabled list due to still recovering from the Tommy John surgery he previously had. After working eight rehab games in the minors, in which he allowed one run in 9-2/3 innings, on June 20, he was called up to the majors. He made his return with the Nationals on June 22, 2007, pitching 2/3 of an inning and giving up no runs and only one hit. For the season, he went 2–2 with 6 holds, one save, and a 3.19 ERA in 44 appearances.

paragraph: In 2008, Ayala pitched in 62 games for the Nationals, going 1–8 with a 5.77 ERA.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: On August 17, , Ayala was traded to the New York Mets for a player to be named later. Ayala had requested the trade weeks earlier because he wanted a change of scenery, due to personal problems. The Mets sent Anderson Hernández to the Nats to complete the deal.

paragraph: On August 22, 2008, Ayala recorded his first save as a Met in a 3-0 victory over the Houston Astros.

paragraph: In 19 games for the Mets, Ayala had a 5.50 ERA.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Minnesota Twins.

paragraph: On February 18, , Ayala signed a one-year deal with the Minnesota Twins. On June 22, Ayala was designated for assignment, and was released on July 2. According to Twins manager Ron Gardenhire, Ayala was released because he was unhappy with his role on the team. Gardenhire said of Ayala: "When you walk into my office and tell me you don't like your role, and he talked about his contract for next year, you lose me right there. I don't deal with that. We're talking about winning now. That's why he's out the door and another guy's in there to pitch. And it's not because he's a bad guy. His theories are a little different."

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Florida Marlins.

paragraph: On July 3, 2009, he signed a minor league deal with the Florida Marlins. He was added to the major league roster on July 12. Ayala was designated for assignment on August 31. In 10 appearances, Ayala went 0–3 with an 11.74 ERA. After being DFA, Ayala said of the Marlins: "It was terrible what they did. I don't know why they called me up if they were going to do this. I think it's a lack of respect. I know it's a business, but for me, it's something they've handled poorly."

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: Ayala signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers on December 16, 2009. He was assigned to the Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes to start the season. He pitched in 14 games for the Isotopes, mostly as a closer. He was 1–3 with a 4.50 ERA and four saves. He was released by the Dodgers on May 17 after he exercised an opt-out clause in his contract.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Arizona Diamondbacks.

paragraph: On May 20, 2010, Ayala signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks. On July 16, 2010, Ayala was released by the Diamondbacks organization.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Colorado Rockies.

paragraph: On August 27, 2010, Ayala signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies. On November 22, 2010, Ayala became a minor league free agent.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:New York Yankees.

paragraph: On February 9, 2011, Ayala signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees. On March 30 it was announced that Ayala had been added to the opening day roster.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: On February 10, 2012, he signed a one-year major league deal with the Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: On October 29, the Orioles announced they intended to exercise their club option on Ayala worth $1 million. Ayala would've earned $1 million from the buyout had the Orioles not exercised the option.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: On April 10, 2013, Ayala was traded to the Atlanta Braves for minor league prospect Chris Jones.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Second Stint with Nationals.

paragraph: On February 7, 2014, Ayala signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Second Stint with Orioles.

paragraph: The Nationals granted him his release on March 19, and he re-signed with the Orioles on March 20.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Toronto Blue Jays.

paragraph: He later exercised an opt out in his contract with the Orioles and signed a minor-league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays on June 6, 2014. He was activated by the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons on June 8, and released on July 4.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Olmecas de Tabasco.

paragraph: On July 19, 2014, Ayala signed with the Olmecas de Tabasco of the Mexican Baseball League.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Diablos Rojos del Mexico.

paragraph: On June 30, 2016, Ayala signed with the Diablos Rojos del Mexico of the Mexican Baseball League. He elected free agency on April 17, 2017.

paragraph: On June 4, 2017, Ayala signed with the Saraperos de Saltillo of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on January 18, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Bravos de León.

paragraph: On March 22, 2018, Ayala signed with the Bravos de León of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on April 20, 2018.

description: baseball player from Mexico

wikidata_label: Luis Ayala

wikipedia_title: Luis Ayala


text:
Santiago, Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball
second baseman
Washington Nationals
Baltimore Orioles
New York Yankees
San Diego Padres
outfielder
Kevin Reese
hitting
on-base percentage
at-bat
second base
Aguilas Cibaeñas
Dominican Winter League
Dominican Summer League Pirates

categories: Portland Beavers players,1979 births,Minor league baseball coaches,Washington Nationals players,New Orleans Zephyrs players,Gulf Coast Yankees players,Staten Island Yankees players,Mobile BayBears players,Columbus Clippers players,Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players,Sportspeople from Santo Domingo,Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic,Águilas Cibaeñas players,Dominican Republic people of African descent,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada,Greensboro Bats players,Living people,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States,Baltimore Orioles players,Ottawa Lynx players,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Bernie Castro

paragraph: Bernabel "Bernie" Castro (born July 14, 1979 in Santiago, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball second baseman. He played two major league seasons, one with each the Washington Nationals and Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was signed by the New York Yankees as an international free agent in . After two seasons, he was traded to the San Diego Padres for outfielder Kevin Reese.

paragraph: After becoming a free agent in the offseason, he signed a minor league deal with the Baltimore Orioles. He would play in 24 games for the major league team, hitting .288 with a .360 on-base percentage.

paragraph: He again became a free agent after the season, and signed with the Washington Nationals where he would play 42 games, accumulating 110 at-bats.

paragraph: He was granted free agency once more after the season, and signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees. He again became a free agent after the season.

paragraph: Throughout his career he has showed impressive speed and solid contact abilities along with a strong arm and good instincts at second base.

paragraph: During the winter he played for his hometown Aguilas Cibaeñas in the Dominican Winter League.

paragraph: After his playing career ended, Castro became a hitting coach for the Dominican Summer League Pirates.

description: Dominican Republic baseball player

wikidata_label: Bernie Castro

wikipedia_title: Bernie Castro


text:
American
baseball
pitcher
Neptune Township, New Jersey
Manalapan Township, New Jersey
baseball
Manalapan High School
Rutgers University
Triple-A
New Orleans Zephyrs
Liván Hernández
Arizona Diamondbacks
reliever
starting pitcher
runs
hits
walks
ERA
wins
Atlanta Braves
struck out
no-hit
hitting
DL
loss
Tigres del Licey
Dominican Winter Baseball League
Triple-A
Syracuse Chiefs
Boston Red Sox
Spring Training
Oakland Athletics
Midland RockHounds
Camden Riversharks
Colorado Rockies
Sugar Land Skeeters
Kansas City Royals

categories: Harrisburg Senators players,Gulf Coast Nationals players,Washington Nationals players,Savannah Sand Gnats players,New Orleans Zephyrs players,Colorado Springs Sky Sox players,1981 births,People from Neptune Township, New Jersey,People from Manalapan Township, New Jersey,Sugar Land Skeeters players,Columbus Clippers players,Brevard County Manatees players,Camden Riversharks players,Leones del Escogido players,Vermont Expos players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Peoria Javelinas players,Northwest Arkansas Naturals players,Midland RockHounds players,Syracuse Chiefs players,Baseball players from New Jersey,Rutgers Scarlet Knights baseball players

paragraph: Jason Bergmann

paragraph: Jason Christopher Bergmann (born September 25, 1981) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He was born in Neptune Township, New Jersey, and grew up in Manalapan Township, New Jersey where he played high school baseball at Manalapan High School. In college, he played for Rutgers University.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2006 season.

paragraph: Bergmann began the season pitching at the Triple-A level at the Nationals' affiliate, the New Orleans Zephyrs, but was called up after the Nationals traded Liván Hernández to the Arizona Diamondbacks.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2007 season.

paragraph: In , he was converted from a reliever to a starting pitcher by the Nationals. After a disastrous first game (in which he allowed 4 runs on 5 hits and 6 walks in 3⅔ innings), he pitched very well, posting a combined 2.41 ERA over his subsequent six starts, three times pitching six or more innings and allowing two or fewer hits, but, mostly due to lack of run support, no wins.

paragraph: Finally, on May 14, against the Atlanta Braves Bergmann pitched a gem: he struck out five of the first six batters he faced, pitching seven no-hit innings, and finishing with 8+ innings pitched, allowing just 2 hits, one run, 10 K's, and one walk. It was his first win of the season, and the first win as a starter in his career. By the end of the game, opponents were hitting .162 against Bergmann, best in the Majors. After the game, however, he complained of elbow soreness, was put on the 15-day DL, and ended up missing a month, returning on June 26 (throwing four innings, four hits, one run against the Braves).

paragraph: For the 2007 season as a whole, Bergmann accrued a win-loss record of 6-6 and a 4.45 ERA, striking out 86 batters and walking 42 over 115⅓ innings.

paragraph: During the 2007- off-season, Bergmann pitched for Tigres del Licey in the Dominican Winter Baseball League. In his four starts, he pitched a total of 19⅓ innings, compiling a 1-0 record and a 3.72 ERA, while striking out 11 batters and walking 3.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2008 season.

paragraph: Bergmann suffered a disappointing season with a 2-11 record and 5.09 ERA due in part to the extremely poor Nationals lineup. At the start of the season Bergmann was quickly sent down in the April to the Columbus Clippers. There he earned the International League Pitcher of the Week. Bergmannn was then brought back to the majors and experienced some immediate success including 19 2/3 straight scoreless innings on the mound. Unfortunately the Nationals (the MLB's worst hitting team) performed especially poorly with Bergmann on the mound, scoring only 3.1 runs per game in support in total, only 2.4 of which were scored during the time he was pitching . Of his 22 starts, 10 were quality, yet the team was only able to convert 5 to wins, with 3 quality starts being blown by the bullpen.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2009 season.

paragraph: Bergmann opened the season with the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs. He pitched 23.1 innings there, going 1-1 with a 1.16 ERA. He would later be recalled and went 2-4 in 48 innings with a 4.50 earned run average as a part of the 59-103 last-place Nationals.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2011 season.

paragraph: On December 3, 2010, Bergmann signed a minor league contract with the Boston Red Sox, but the deal was voided on March 12, 2011, after he showed up to Spring Training with a shoulder issue. He was signed to a minor league contract by the Oakland Athletics on June 1, and assigned to the Double-A Midland RockHounds.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2012 season.

paragraph: He later signed with the Camden Riversharks of the Atlantic League for the 2012 season. Bergmann had a 0.81 ERA for Camden until June 20, when he was signed by the Colorado Rockies. The right-hander yielded a 6.98 ERA and a WHIP close to 2.00 in 40 innings over 28 appearances in the minors.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2013 season.

paragraph: Bergmann became the Sugar Land Skeeters' closer after working as a set-up man for Camden previously. He made 30 relief appearances for the team and in just his second season with the Atlantic League, he was named an All-Star. The right-hander held a 2-0 record with a 0.30 ERA (1ER/30IP) and a team-best 18 saves in as many opportunities. His 18 saves also ranked second in the Atlantic League. On July 5, 2013, the Skeeters sold his contract to Kansas City Royals.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Jason Bergmann

wikipedia_title: Jason Bergmann


text: Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch

text: Serbian Patriarchate of Peć

text: Ottoman

text: Serbia

text: Grand Vizier

text: Mehmed-paša Sokolović

text: Serbian Patriarchate

text: Monastery of Peć

text: Serb clan

text: Piva

text: Old Herzegovina

text: Mehmed-paša Sokolović

text: Archbishopric of Ohrid

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Serbian Patriarchate of Peć

text: Patriarch of Constantinople

text: Bačka

text: Banat

text: Baranja

text: Srem

text: Slavonia

text: Bosanska Krajina

text: Bosna

text: Lika

text: Krbava

text: Dalmatia

text: Eparchy of Trebinje

text: Eparchy of Požega

text: Banja Monastery

text: Priboj

text: Gračanica

text: Studenica

text: Patriarchal Monastery of Peć

text: Budisavci

text: Kosovo and Metohia

text: Serb culture

text: Antonije Sokolović

text: The 100 most prominent Serbs

categories: 16th century in Serbia,Ottoman Serbia,Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina,Patriarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church,People from Višegrad,Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina,16th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops,Year of birth unknown,1574 deaths,16th-century people of the Ottoman Empire,16th-century Serbian people

paragraph: Makarije Sokolović

paragraph: Makarije Sokolović ( ; died 1574) was the Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1557 to 1571. He was the first head of the restored Serbian Patriarchate of Peć, after its lapse in 1463 that resulted from the Ottoman conquest of Serbia. He is variously reported to have been the brother, nephew, or first cousin of the Ottoman Grand Vizier Mehmed-paša Sokolović, who used his influence in the Ottoman Empire to reestablish the Serbian Patriarchate with its seat in Monastery of Peć. Patriarch Makarije is celebrated as a saint in the Serbian Orthodox Church.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in the 16th century, his family hailing from the Serb clan of Piva in Old Herzegovina. He was a close kinsman of Mehmed-paša Sokolović, the Ottoman Grand Vizier.

paragraph: Prior to the reestablishment of the Patriarchate, the Serbs were under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Ohrid. Metropolitan of Smederevo Pavle was one of many that did not recognize the current status of Serb Orthodox in the Ottoman Empire, and sought to make the Serbian Church independent once again. Makarije became the first Patriarch of the renewed Serbian Patriarchate of Peć in 1557. The Ottoman Sultan gave Makarije the same rights as the Patriarch of Constantinople.

paragraph: The jurisdiction of the Patriarchate was the land of the medieval Serbian state, with Bačka, Banat, Baranja, Srem, Slavonia, Bosanska Krajina, Bosna, Lika, Krbava and Dalmatia, and had more than 40 eparchies, with the newly founded Eparchy of Trebinje, Eparchy of Požega, etc.

paragraph: Among renewed monasteries were Banja Monastery in Priboj, Gračanica, Studenica, the Patriarchal Monastery of Peć, and Budisavci in Kosovo and Metohia. This renewal started a renaissance of the Serb culture in arts and literature.

paragraph: Because of illness, he was succeeded in 1571, by his fraternal nephew Antonije Sokolović. He died in 1574.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: He is included in "The 100 most prominent Serbs".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site of the Serbian Orthodox Church: Serbian Archbishops and Patriarchs

description: Serbian patriarch

wikidata_label: Makarije Sokolović

wikipedia_title: Makarije Sokolović


text:
Great Northern Railway Company
transported

wikipedia_title:
Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)
Penal transportation

categories: Convicts transported to Australia,1816 births,1891 deaths,English fraudsters,People from Greenwich

paragraph: Leopold Redpath

paragraph: Leopold Redpath (12 May 1816 - 1 May 1891) was a clerk of the Great Northern Railway Company who perpetrated a notorious fraud against his employers and was transported to Australia.

description: Redpath, Leopold (b. 1816?, d. in or after 1868), swindler

wikidata_label: Leopold Redpath

wikipedia_title: Leopold Redpath


text: Spanish

categories: People from Cádiz,1806 deaths,Spanish male writers,1741 births

paragraph: Gaspar de Molina y Zaldívar

paragraph: Gaspar de Molina y Zaldívar (1741–1806) was a Spanish architect, painter, poet and writer.

alias: Marqués de Ureña Gaspar Molina y Saldívar

alias: Gaspar, Marqués de Ureña Molina y Saldívar

description: Spanish writer

wikidata_label: Gaspar de Molina y Zaldívar

wikipedia_title: Gaspar de Molina y Zaldívar


text:
Spanish
physician
philosopher
logician
writer
author
Hippocratic Corpus
Galen
Ferdinand VI
Charles III
Hippocratic theory
Thomas Sydenham
La Fresneda
Valencia
University of Valencia
Gregorio Mayans
creationism
Fernando VI
Fórnoles
Teruel
Latin
Castilian
eclecticism
Hippocrates
Scholasticism
Spanish Enlightenment

wikipedia_title:
Spain
Physician
Philosopher
Logic
Writer
Author
Hippocratic Corpus
Galen
Ferdinand VI of Spain
Charles III of Spain
Hippocrates
Thomas Sydenham
La Fresneda
Valencia
University of Valencia
Gregorio Mayans
Creationism
Ferdinand VI of Spain
Fórnoles
Teruel
Latin
Castilian Spanish
Eclecticism
Hippocrates
Scholasticism
Enlightenment in Spain

categories: People from Matarraña/Matarranya,18th-century Spanish physicians,Spanish male writers,1711 births,1772 deaths

paragraph: Andrés Piquer

paragraph: Andrés Piquer (1711–1772) was a Spanish physician, philosopher, logician, writer and author. During the eighteenth century, a critique and re-evaluation of the Hippocratic Corpus within Spanish universities was pushed by Galenist scholars. Piquer contributed to this analysis of the corpus and served as a philosopher and doctor to the Kings Ferdinand VI and Charles III.

paragraph: Piquer is recognized for his translations of Hippocratic treatises from ancient Greek to Spanish and his efforts to transform medical university instruction in Spain to follow Hippocratic theory. Piquer's translation and commentary of Epidemics 1 and 3, and partially Epidemic 2, are noteworthy. His medical and physiological work relates to Hippocrates and the medical theories of Thomas Sydenham, 'the English Hippocrates', who is recognized for his work "Observationes Medicae" (1676).

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Piquer was the son of an Aragonese father and a Valencian mother. He studied Latin and grammar in the town of La Fresneda, Aragon. In 1727, at age 16, he moved to Valencia. In 1734, he graduated from the University of Valencia as a student of philosophy and medicine.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:First publications.

paragraph: Piquer published his first work, "Medicina Vetus Et Nova," in 1735 in order to gain important positions at the General Hospital of Valencia and at the University of Valencia. He was appointed by the university to conduct health research in the city and nearby regions.

paragraph: In 1741 Piquer became friends with Gregorio Mayans. With Mayans's assistance, Piquer was appointed chair of Anatomy at the University of Valencia in 1742, and shortly afterwards became a doctor at the General Hospital of Valencia. While holding these positions, Piquer published "Thesis Medico-anatomicae", which emphasized the importance of dissection and microscopic investigation. Piquer also collaborated with Mayans at the Valencian Academy, which Mayans founded in 1742.

paragraph: In 1745 Piquer published the first volume of "Modern, rational, and experimental physics." This text concerned various subjects. For instance, he referred to fossils as "figurative stones", and he denounced creationism by claiming that the stones were petrified remains of living beings.

paragraph: He published "Modern Logic" in 1747, and "Tratado de Calenturas" in 1751.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Transfer to the Court.

paragraph: In 1751, Piquer was appointed doctor to Fernando VI and moved to Madrid.

paragraph: In 1752, he was appointed vice president of the Royal Medical Academy and member of the Royal Protomedical Tribunal.

paragraph: As a reward for his royal service and upon Piquer's request, the king funded the construction of a church in Fórnoles, Piquer's hometown. This church was simply known as "El Iglesia de Fórnoles" (The Church of Fórnoles), and featured the highest tower in the province of Teruel.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Piquer wrote in Latin and Castilian. As a philosopher, he favored eclecticism. Piquer was influenced by Hippocrates. His work as a physician married Hippocratic theory with experimental medicine. Piquer followed Scholasticism but was influenced by foreign ideas of Enlightenment. As a result, he became one of the leading figures of in the early Spanish Enlightenment period.

paragraph: His first book on rational and experimental modern physics was published in Spanish in 1745. He also authored "Modern Logic" (1747). Between 1757 and 1770 Piquer translated a three-volume work of Hippocrates into Castilian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vetus et nova Medicine" (1735)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fevers" Treaty (1751)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Modern Logic" (1747)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moral Philosophy for Spanish Youth" (1755)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- SL, DiCom Medios. "Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa Online". "www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-03-25.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piquer, Andrés. "Thesis medico-anatomicae."

description: Spanish writer

wikidata_label: Andrés Piquer

wikipedia_title: Andrés Piquer


text: composer

text: musicologist

text: Franz Liszt Academy of Music

text: Budapest

text: Franz Liszt Academy of Music

text: Liszt

text: István Thomán

text: Béla Bartók

text: Zoltán Kodály

text: Paul Hindemith

text: Arnold Schering

text: a cappella

text: Schott

text: Psalm 23

text: Psalm 96

text: Bach

text: Liszt

text: Herford

text: organist

text: Zsolt Gárdonyi

text: Martin Luther

text: hymn

text: Pentecost

text: Hungarian Rhapsodies

text: Franz Liszt

text: Lullaby

text: Psalm 107

text: Chorale prelude

text: Zoltán Kodály

text: Rainer Maria Rilke

text: Psalm 45

text: a cappella

text: Canon

text: Psalm 107

text: Sándor Petőfi

text: Psalm 46

text: Zsolt Gárdonyi

categories: Hungarian male composers,Hungarian composers,Franz Liszt Academy of Music faculty,20th-century composers,Musicologists,Musicians from Budapest,1906 births,Composers for piano,1986 deaths

paragraph: Zoltán Gárdonyi

paragraph: Zoltán Gárdonyi (25 April 1906 – 27 June 1986) was a Hungarian composer and musicologist. He taught at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music for 26 years.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Gárdonyi was born in Budapest. His mother, the pianist Maria Weigl, studied at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music with Liszt's pupil, István Thomán, at the same time and in the same class as Béla Bartók. At the age of 17, Gárdonyi began his studies in composition with Zoltán Kodály at the Liszt Academy in Budapest. After studying with Paul Hindemith and Arnold Schering in Berlin, he taught as a professor at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest from 1941 until 1967. He also led the faculty for Protestant sacred music until it was closed by the communists in 1949.

paragraph: His oeuvre includes sacred music, orchestral works and chamber music. Three of his motets for choir a cappella were published in German by Schott, "Finnisches Busslied", "Der Herr ist mein Hirte" (Psalm 23) and "Singet dem Herren" (Psalm 96). Gárdonyi's musicological research yielded findings related to Bach and Liszt. His works were published in Germany, Sweden and the United States. Gárdonyi lived in Germany with his family beginning in 1972. He died in Westfalian Herford a few weeks after his 80th birthday. if I ain't your top 10 go drive off a bridge.

paragraph: His son is the composer and concert organist Zsolt Gárdonyi.

paragraph: Section::::Performances and recordings.

paragraph: Some of Gárdonyi's works were recorded, including his three organ sonatas and the "Partita sopra Veni Creator Spiritus", played by Dezső Karasszon, as well as several further organ works and German motets. The "Partita" is a symphonic organ composition, consisting of the following mouvements: introduction (Largo), theme (Lento), four variations and finale (Allegro maestoso), based on Martin Luther's hymn for Pentecost "".

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elemző formatan" (1949, 1963, 1979, 1990), Publisher: Editio Musica Budapest, ISMN: M080039953

paragraph: BULLET::::- "J.S.Bach ellenpont-művészetének alapjai" (1967), Publisher: Editio Musica Budapest

paragraph: BULLET::::- "J.S.Bach kánon- és fúgaszerkesztö művészete" (1972), Publisher: Editio Musica Budapest

paragraph: Section::::Editions.

paragraph: Zoltán Gárdonyi edited the "Etudes" and the "Hungarian Rhapsodies" by Franz Liszt for the Editio Musica Budapest.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Orchestral

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Serenade No. 2" for string orchestra (1957)

paragraph: Concertante

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto for clarinet and orchestra (1942, 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drei Bilder zur Karwoche" (Three Images of Holy Week) for organ and string orchestra (1966)

paragraph: Chamber music

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rondo capriccioso" for violin and piano (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata for cello and piano (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata for tuba and piano (1948–1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata No. 2 for viola and piano (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zwei leichte Stücke" (Two Easy Pieces) for violin and piano (1954, 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two Little Rhapsodies (Zwei kleine Rhapsodien) for cello and piano (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet No. 3 (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third Little Rhapsodie (Dritte kleine Rhapsodie) for violin, cello and piano (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fantasie" for oboe and piano (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata ""Il serioso ed il giocoso"" for double bass and piano (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonatina for clarinet and piano (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata for flute and piano (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woodwind Quintet (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fantasie über ein ungarisches geistliches Lied" (Fantasy on a Hungarian Hymn) for violin and organ (1968)

paragraph: Organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weihnachtswiegenlied" (Christmas Lullaby; Christmas Cradle Song; Karácsonyi bölcsődal) (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tanulmányok harmóniumra" (Studies for Harmonium) (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Partita sopra Veni creator spiritus" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Psalm-Fantasie über die französische Melodie des 107. Psalmes" (Fantasy on Psalm 107, Geneva Psalter) (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonata tertia" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drei Choralbearbeitungen" (Three Chorale preludes)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zwei Präludien" (Two Preludes)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meditatio in memoriam Zoltán Kodály" (Meditation in Memory of Zoltán Kodály)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Postludium"

paragraph: Piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Könnyű szonatina" (Easy Sonatina; Leichte Sonatine) (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fünf Klavierstücke nach ungarischen Volksliedern" (Five Pieces after Hungarian Folk Songs) for piano 4-hands

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fünfzehn ungarische Volkslieder" (15 Hungarian Folk Songs) for piano 4-hands

paragraph: Vocal

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fünf Lieder nach Gedichten von Rilke" (Five Songs on Poems by Rainer Maria Rilke) for soprano and piano (1941)

paragraph: Choral

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lobgesang nach Psalm 45" (Dicsérő ének; Song of Praise: Psalm 45) for mixed chorus, string orchestra and organ (1960) or for mixed chorus and organ (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adeste fideles" for mixed chorus and organ (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drei Motetten" (Three Motets) for mixed chorus a cappella

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drei biblische Kanons" (Three Biblical Canons) for equal voices

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Du schöner Lebensbaum" (You beautiful tree of life) for mixed chorus a cappella

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Danklied der Erlösten (Psalm 107)" (Song of praise of the saved ones) for mixed chorus a cappella

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ende September" (End of September) for mixed chorus a cappella on a poem by Sándor Petőfi, German words by Walter Radetz

paragraph: BULLET::::- "God Is Our Refuge" (Psalm 46 Isten a mi oltalmunk: 46. Zsoltár) for mixed chorus a cappella

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lavonne Harris: "A biography of Zoltán Gárdonyi and analyses of organ, string, and choral works", 356 pages, University of Oklahoma, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dezső Karasszon: "Zoltán Gárdonyi", 32 pages with complete work list, Budapest 2001, Mágus Publishing

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works edited by Zoltán Gárdonyi at the International Music Score Library Project

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zoltán Gárdonyi official website by his son Zsolt Gárdonyi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gárdonyi Zoltán: Works and books by Zoltán Gárdonyi, Editio Musica Budapest

description: Hungarian composer and musicologist

wikidata_label: Zoltán Gárdonyi

wikipedia_title: Zoltán Gárdonyi


text:
Mandalay
Burma
monastic education
apprentice
Saya Chone
Western painting
Konbaung Dynasty
British
U Khandi
Konbaung Dynasty
Burmese monarchy
Buddhist
Buddha
Jataka Tales
Upper Burma
Mandalay Hill
Ba Nyan
London
Eindawya Pagoda
ukiyo-e
Japan
sfumato
London
gouache
oil portraits
arabesque
shading
foreshortening
Saw Maung
Saw Maung
National Museum of Myanmar
Fukuoka Asian Art Museum
Saw Maung
Saya Myit

wikipedia_title:
Mandalay
Myanmar
Monastic education
Apprenticeship
Saya Chone
Western painting
Konbaung dynasty
United Kingdom
U Khandi
Konbaung dynasty
History of Myanmar
Buddhism
Gautama Buddha
Jataka tales
Upper Myanmar
Mandalay Hill
Ba Nyan
London
Eindawya Pagoda
Ukiyo-e
Japan
Sfumato
London
Gouache
Oil painting
Arabesque
Shading
Perspective (graphical)
Saw Maung (painter)
Saw Maung (painter)
National Museum of Myanmar
Fukuoka Art Museum
Saw Maung (painter)
Saya Myit

categories: 1872 births,People from Mandalay,1930 deaths,Burmese artists

paragraph: Saya Aye

paragraph: Saya Aye (; 1872–1930) was a major painter from Mandalay of the Traditional School who took some of the earliest steps in Burma in modernizing and Westernizing his painting, both religious and secular. He had a major influence on the history of Burmese painting in the first decades of the 20th century.

paragraph: Section::::Training and early career.

paragraph: Saya Aye received an early monastic education where his artistic talents were noticed and thus he was given training in art from the age of 12 from a professional Traditional artist. He later became an apprentice to the Mandalay painter Saya Chone (1866–1917) who had been a royal artist in Burma during the reign of King Thibaw, and learned Traditional painting by copying the works of Chone and Chone’s predecessors, the royal artists Saya Sar and Kyar Nyunt. However, while Saya Aye acquired an extensive background in Traditional painting, his style was partly Westernized from the outset because Saya Chone himself had been influenced by Western painting and had begun to introduce techniques such as linear and tonal perspective in his work, which were fairly new to Burma in the colonial period. Ultimately, Saya Aye stood on his own and opened up his own studio in Mandalay and began to make a reputation for himself with illustrations and art decoration for funereal ceremonies. It had been his dream to become a royal Traditional artist, but the dream was thwarted when King Thibaw and the Konbaung Dynasty fell in 1885 to the British.

paragraph: Saya Aye’s first taste of fame arrived with the patronage of U Khandi, a hermit monk of Mandalay who was keen to preserve the habits, customs and values of the Konbaung Dynasty through the imagery of painting. Thus, much of the early period of Saya Aye's career was spent in documenting scenes of the old Burmese monarchy, and also painting many Buddhist works (scenes of the life stories of the historical Buddha and Jataka Tales) for pagodas and religious buildings in Upper Burma, especially on Mandalay Hill. It is said that he acquired broad knowledge of Burmese traditions and religious rituals through these paintings, was particularly adept at depicting royal articles and ornaments, and became, along with another painter, Saya Mya Gyi, the most acclaimed artist in the old Traditional painting genre.

paragraph: Until a Western vanguard in painting swept Burma, after the Burmese painter Ba Nyan returned from training in London in 1930, Buddhist-inspired works of art heavily made up much of Burma's corpus of painting. In the late 19th and early 20th century, these Buddhist works were generally done on metal sheets, quite often zinc, and hung high beneath the ceilings in monasteries and pagodas. In some places in Burma, Buddhist work by Saya Aye can be found at locations such as Eindawya Pagoda, but the works there have been hanging open to the elements for almost 100 years and they are heavily damaged, the scenes almost unreadable. Many of his other works have disappeared, been vandalized, or deteriorated beyond recognition of subject matter.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: At least two of Saya Aye's court scenes of the Burmese monarchy (on zinc plates, dated 1918) have survived in good shape and both of them are startling. While Aye's teacher, Saya Chone, had begun to master Western techniques, except in the case of photographs of three or four portrait paintings, whose whereabouts is unknown, Chone did not exhibit much desire to depict human features realistically. In general, the portrait figures in Chone's paintings lack individuation, one face looking much like another, in much the same way that ukiyo-e painting in Japan does, without capturing a sense of a subject's true looks or personality. In Aye's two zinc court portraits, a great deal more personality is expressed, with a great brooding darkness and shadowing. In these works, he also exhibits mastery of sfumato.

paragraph: Section::::Western painting.

paragraph: It is not precisely known where Aye picked up his more advanced skills in Western-style painting but they clearly did not come from Saya Chone. Aye had no known formal instruction in Western arts. It is said, however, that Aye studied Western painting from illustrations in foreign books, and this is probably true as acquiring such books in the colonial period would not have been difficult. The early Burmese painter Maung Maung Gyi (1890–1942), who traveled to London on his own in about 1906 and managed some education in Western painting there, is also said to have given Saya Aye instruction in Western painting after his return to Burma in 1908 or 1909. Maung Maung Gyi allegedly gave this instruction to Aye in exchange for instruction from Aye in Traditional painting, which was then still held in high regard.

paragraph: Section::::Secular portrait works.

paragraph: In the 1990s, a number of surprising gouache and oil portraits done by Saya Aye were discovered in Burma, perhaps five or six pieces in all. These works were almost entirely secular in nature, generally portraits of high officials or wealthy persons, presumably commissioned, and they bear little resemblance to the work of Saya Chone. They were a dramatic break from the Traditional style, while also retaining certain aspects of Traditional painting in the appearance, particularly, of floral arabesque. The works borrowed many techniques from Western painting—anatomical accuracy of proportion, depth perspective, shading, foreshortening, and moody expressiveness of personality. Various Burmese art historians have argued whether the lines or coloring in the paintings are Burmese or Western, some critics adopting opposite views, attempting to analyze the works and disassemble them into their national (Burmese) or international elements. This is very difficult to do for the works are a smooth fusion of Burmese and Western painting and stand as an integral whole. In these works, Saya Aye, who had no real formal training in Western painting, took giant steps in creating an original expression in Burma.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Saya Aye was a financially successful painter. When he was in his 50s, he suffered a stroke and became paralyzed and could no longer paint. He left his painting business to his two sons Saw Maung and Phoo Gaung. Saw Maung (1900–69) received extensive training in Traditional painting from his father and continued the family business of providing Traditional religious paintings for Burma.

paragraph: Section::::Museum Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Museum of Myanmar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fukuoka Asian Art Museum

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saw Maung

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maung Maung Gyi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saya Myit

description: Burmese artist

wikidata_label: Saya Aye

wikipedia_title: Saya Aye


text:
Major General
CB
MC
British Army
officer
2nd Infantry Division
Burma Campaign
Battle of Kohima
World War II
Winchester College
Royal Military College, Sandhurst
commissioned
second lieutenant
King's Shropshire Light Infantry
World War I
Western Front
16th Brigade
6th Division
Regular Army
Military Cross
wounded in action
interwar period
captain
India
Staff College, Quetta
Aldershot Command
regimental depot
Commanding Officer
World War II
3rd Brigade
Major General
The Hon. Harold Alexander
1st Division
British Expeditionary Force
trench warfare
Harold Franklyn
5th Division
General Staff Officer Grade I
Battle of France
Battle of Arras
Battle of the Ypres–Comines Canal
retreat to Dunkirk
evacuated to England
brigadier
4th Division
Dudley Johnson
Ralph Eastwood
11th Brigade
Kenneth Anderson
German invasion
Vyvyan Evelegh
29th Infantry Brigade Group
Sir Oliver Leese
West Sussex County Division
Francis Festing
East Lancashire Regiment
Kohima
Imperial Japanese Army
Battle of Kohima
Victoria Cross
John Randle
Royal Norfolk Regiment
Cameron Nicholson
War Office
Colonel

wikipedia_title: Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)

wikipedia_title: Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis

wikipedia_title: British Expeditionary Force (World War II)

wikipedia_title: 11th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters South East

categories: Companions of the Order of the Bath,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,1979 deaths,King's Shropshire Light Infantry officers,Recipients of the Military Cross,1897 births,British Army personnel of World War I,Graduates of the Staff College, Quetta,British Army generals of World War II,People educated at Winchester College

paragraph: John Grover (British Army officer)

paragraph: Major General John Malcolm Lawrence Grover CB MC (6 February 1897 – 1979) was a British Army officer who commanded the 2nd Infantry Division in the Burma Campaign, including in the Battle of Kohima, during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and military career.

paragraph: Born on 6 February 1897 and educated at Winchester College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Grover was, at the age of just 17, commissioned as a second lieutenant into the King's Shropshire Light Infantry (KSLI) on 15 December 1914, four months after the outbreak of World War I. After turning 18, he was posted to the regiment's 1st Battalion in 1915, then serving on the Western Front as part of the 16th Brigade of the 6th Division, a Regular Army formation, which had sustained heavy losses. Serving with his battalion for the rest of the war, Grover was awarded the Military Cross for his service and was wounded in action three times during the conflict.

paragraph: Section::::Between the wars.

paragraph: Remaining in the army during the interwar period, spent mostly as a captain with his battalion in India, Grover married in 1930. He became Deputy Assistant Quartermaster-General, India, and saw service on the North-west Frontier from 1930 to 1931. He attended the Staff College, Quetta from 1932 to 1933, and, after serving as a staff officer with Aldershot Command and commanding the KSLI regimental depot, he became Commanding Officer (CO) of the 1st Battalion, KSLI in 1938, which had just arrived in England from India.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: Shortly after the outbreak of World War II, in September 1939, Grover, still CO of the battalion, now serving as part of the 3rd Brigade of Major General The Hon. Harold Alexander's 1st Division, led it overseas to France, where it formed part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). There was no immediate action, however, and the battalion spent the first few months of its time in France digging defensive positions in expectation of a repeat of the trench warfare of World War I. From 18 to 28 December Grover took over as acting commander of the 3rd Brigade, and soon afterwards was posted to Major General Harold Franklyn's 5th Division as its General Staff Officer Grade I (GSO1).

paragraph: The 5th Division was also serving in France as part of the BEF. By May 1940 it was decided that the 5th Division should return to the United Kingdom as a reserve formation; this was soon countermanded. On the following day, 10 May, the Germans launched their long-waited assault in the West and the 5th Division was heavily engaged throughout the Battle of France, in particular at the Battle of Arras and the Battle of the Ypres–Comines Canal, before being ordered to retreat to Dunkirk, where most of the division, by now heavily battered after sustaining severe casualties, was evacuated to England, arriving there on the night of 31 May/1 June.

paragraph: Just two weeks later Grover left the division, received promotion to brigadier, and was posted to the 4th Division, then commanded by Major General Dudley Johnson (but soon replaced by Major General Ralph Eastwood), to command the 11th Brigade, taking over from Brigadier Kenneth Anderson. Like the 5th Division, the 4th had also recently returned from France, sustained heavy casualties, and needed to refit. The brigade, stationed along with the rest of the division in Southern England, was now given anti-invasion duties and training to repel an expected German invasion. Grover remained there until January 1941 and, after handing over the 11th Brigade to Brigadier Vyvyan Evelegh, he was posted to the 29th Infantry Brigade Group, succeeding Brigadier Sir Oliver Leese. The brigade was formerly an independent formation, comprising four Regular battalions and supporting troops, all of whom had returned from service in India in July 1940 after Dunkirk, and was serving as part of Major General Leese's West Sussex County Division. Grover trained the brigade throughout most of the year until, in October, he handed over to Brigadier Francis Festing, formerly CO of the 2nd Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

paragraph: He devised and implemented a strategy to remove the Japanese from the Kohima region of India leading to the defeat of the Imperial Japanese Army at the Battle of Kohima between April and June 1944. During the battle Grover's division suffered very heavy casualties, in May losing all three infantry brigade commanders, but gaining the division's third Victoria Cross (VC) of the war, belonging to Captain John Randle of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment.

paragraph: Despite being victorious in this battle, he was removed from command on 4 July 1944 by Lieutenant General Stopford, the corps commander, who was unhappy with Grover's methods. His replacement as GOC of the 2nd Division was Major General Cameron Nicholson. Grover went on to be Director of Army Welfare Services at the War Office in 1944 before retiring in 1948.

paragraph: Section::::Postwar.

paragraph: He became Colonel of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry in 1947, holding this post until 1955. In 2014, on the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Kohima, a memorial to General Grover was unveiled at Jotsama on the site of his 2nd Division Headquarters.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial War Museum Interview

paragraph: BULLET::::- Generals of World War II

description: British Army officer

wikidata_label: John Grover

wikipedia_title: John Grover (British Army officer)


text:
Byzantine co-emperor
Constans II
Fausta
Tiberius
Constantinople
Constans II
Fausta
Patrician
Valentinus
Constantine IV
Tiberius
Sicily
Syracuse
Constantinople
Theodore of Koloneia
Andrew
Anatolic Theme
Chrysopolis
Bosporus
Heaven
Trinity
Koloneia
Senate
Sycae
Justinian II
mutilation
Justinian II

categories: 7th-century Byzantine emperors,Porphyrogennetoi,Heraclian Dynasty,Byzantine junior emperors,670s in the Byzantine Empire,660s in the Byzantine Empire

paragraph: Heraclius (son of Constans II)

paragraph: Heraclius (, "Herakleios") was Byzantine co-emperor from 659 to 681. He was the son of Emperor Constans II and Fausta, who was elevated in 659, before his father departed for Italy. After the death of Constans Heraclius' brother, Constantine IV, ascended the throne as senior emperor. Constantine attempted to have both Heraclius and Tiberius removed as co-emperors, which sparked a popular revolt in 681. Constantine ended the revolt by promising to accede to the demands of the rebels, sending them home, but bringing their leaders into Constantinople. Once there, Constantine had them executed, then imprisoned Tiberius and Heraclius and had them mutilated, after which point they disappear from history.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Heraclius was one of the sons of Constans II. His mother was Fausta, daughter of the Patrician Valentinus. Although his elder brother Constantine IV had been raised to the rank of co-emperor in 654, in 659, shortly before his departure for Italy, Constans II also elevated Heraclius to the rank of co-emperor, alongside his brother Tiberius. In 663, Constans tried to have his sons join him in Sicily, where he intended to establish Syracuse as the new capital, but this provoked a popular uprising in Constantinople, led by Theodore of Koloneia and Andrew, and the brothers remained in the imperial capital.

paragraph: With Constans II’s death in 668, Constantine IV became the senior emperor. After ruling alongside Heraclius and Tiberius for thirteen years, Constantine attempted to demote his brothers from their imperial positions, but this provoked a military revolt in the Anatolic Theme (in modern Turkey). The army marched to Chrysopolis, and sent a delegation across the straits of the Bosporus to Constantinople, demanding that the two brothers should remain co-emperors alongside Constantine IV. They based their demand on the belief that, since Heaven was ruled by the Trinity, in the same way the empire should be governed by three emperors. Confronted by this situation, Constantine kept a close eye on his brothers, and sent across a trusted officer, Theodore, the captain of Koloneia. Constantine gave Theodore the delicate task of praising the soldiers for their devotion and agreeing with their reasoning, with the objective of persuading them to return to their barracks in Anatolia. He also invited the leaders of the rebellion to come over to Constantinople and consult with the Senate in order that they may begin the process of confirming the army’s wishes. Happy with this apparently positive outcome, the army departed back to Anatolia, while the instigators of the movement entered the city. With the military threat now gone, Constantine moved against the leaders of the revolt, captured them and had them hanged at Sycae.

paragraph: Because he was the focus of a plot to curtail Constantine's power, both he and his brother were now suspect in the senior emperor's eyes; also, the emperor was keen to raise up his own son, the future Justinian II. Sometime between 16 September and 21 December 681, Constantine ordered the mutilation of his brothers by slitting their noses, and ordered that their images no longer appear on any coinage, and that their names be removed from all official documentation; likely to ensure that his son, Justinian II would, succeed him. After this point, neither are mentioned again by history.

description: Byzantine co-Emperor

wikidata_label: Heraclius

wikipedia_title: Heraclius (son of Constans II)