text:
English
track
road racing cyclist
UCI WorldTeam
Chelmsford
2004 Commonwealth Youth Games
Geraint Thomas
2008 Tour of Britain
Giro d'Italia
Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
2011 Gent–Wevelgem
Peter Sagan
Maciej Bodnar
Sylvain Chavanel
Tom Boonen
2011 Tour of Austria
Great Britain
Mark Cavendish
British National Road Race Champion
Alex Dowsett
David Millar
Chris Froome
Bradley Wiggins
Alexander Vinokourov
Andrew Talansky
Geraint Thomas
Sylvain Chavanel
Poggio
Peter Sagan
Tour de France
Tour of Qatar
Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
Flanders Classics
Greg Van Avermaet
vertebrae
English team
men's road race
2014 Commonwealth Games
Geraint Thomas
2014 RideLondon–Surrey Classic
Ben Swift
Tour of Qatar
Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
Niki Terpstra
Tom Boonen
Stijn Vandenbergh
Flemish Cycling Week
Volta ao Algarve
Paris–Nice
E3 Harelbeke
Michał Kwiatkowski
Peter Sagan
Paris–Roubaix
Camphin-en-Pévèle
Tour de France

wikipedia_title: British National Road Race Championships

wikipedia_title: Cycling at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's road race

categories: English male cyclists,English track cyclists,Cyclists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games,1987 births,Sportspeople from Chelmsford,British cycling road race champions,Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Tour de France cyclists,Commonwealth Games competitors for England,Cyclists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games,Olympic cyclists of Great Britain,Vuelta a España cyclists,Living people

paragraph: Ian Stannard

paragraph: Ian Stannard (born 25 May 1987) is an English track and road racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam .

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early career.

paragraph: Born in Chelmsford, Stannard initially focused on the road and track, winning a gold medal in the time trial at the 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games, and a gold in the Under-23 Team Pursuit at the 2006 European Track Championships, alongside future Sky teammate Geraint Thomas. Stannard made his professional road debut in August 2007 joining as a trainee. He rode for in 2008 and came third overall in the 2008 Tour of Britain riding for the Great Britain team. In 2009 he joined the new team, and was selected to ride the Giro d'Italia, aged just 21. Stannard finished 160th at the Giro.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Team Sky (2010–present).:2010.

paragraph: Stannard joined the new British Pro Tour team for the start of the 2010 season, and has since focused more on the Classics and one day races. He took a third place in freezing conditions in Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Team Sky (2010–present).:2011.

paragraph: Stannard almost took victory in the 2011 Gent–Wevelgem, after breaking away on the final climb, the Monteberg. He was part of a move with Peter Sagan, Maciej Bodnar (both from ) and Sylvain Chavanel () with to cover until the finish. The quartet kept clear of the chasing peloton until Stannard broke free of the break and crossed the "flamme rouge" alone. He was passed by a raging bunch with some to go, as Tom Boonen sprinted to victory. He obtained his first professional win at the 2011 Tour of Austria, winning stage 5 of the race, where he got the better of a group of five escapees in the sprint.

paragraph: Stannard was part of the Great Britain team that helped Mark Cavendish win the 2011 UCI World Road Race Championship, with a vital pull in the closing stages to keep Cavendish towards the front of the peloton. Stannard is well known for being one of the hardest working domestiques in the peloton, riding a total of 14,713 racing kilometres and 93 race days in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Team Sky (2010–present).:2012.

paragraph: In 2012, Stannard won the London Nocturne by lapping the field. He also became the British National Road Race Champion, winning ahead of Sky teammate Alex Dowsett. Stannard was selected to race on the British Olympic Road Race Team for 2012, alongside David Millar, Chris Froome, Bradley Wiggins and Mark Cavendish. The team aimed to lead Cavendish to a sprint victory on The Mall. Despite the best efforts of Stannard, Team GB were unable to pull back a large breakaway group on the run in to London, with the gold medal going to Alexander Vinokourov. Stannard again represented Britain at the UCI World Road Race Championships and was active in a breakaway with Andrew Talansky on the penultimate lap, eventually finishing in the main group.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Team Sky (2010–present).:2013.

paragraph: Stannard put in an impressive performance in freezing conditions at the 2013 Milan – San Remo, initially riding on the front of the race in support of Geraint Thomas, then attacking with Sylvain Chavanel after Thomas crashed. Stannard led over the Poggio, only to be caught on the descent by a chase group of five riders. Stannard made a final move in the final two kilometres but was chased down by Peter Sagan, and he finished sixth in the sprint. Stannard was selected to ride the Tour de France for the first time in 2013, and played a key role as a domestique for Chris Froome, who went on to win the race overall.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Team Sky (2010–present).:2014.

paragraph: Stannard began 2014 in good form, finishing fourth overall in the Tour of Qatar in February. Stannard won Omloop Het Nieuwsblad  – the opening race of the Flanders Classics – after he out-sprinted his breakaway companion Greg Van Avermaet. In the process, Stannard became the first British rider to win the race. In Gent-Wevelgem, Stannard crashed heavily into a roadside ditch and was taken to hospital. He was diagnosed with fractured vertebrae, ruling him out of the rest of the classics season.

paragraph: Stannard made his comeback to the road riding for the English team in the men's road race event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. A clearly uncomfortable Stannard withdrew early on in the race, which took place in treacherous rainy conditions – only 12 riders finished out of 140 starters – and which was eventually won by his Team Sky teammate Geraint Thomas. Stannard attempted another comeback, riding for Team Sky in the 2014 RideLondon–Surrey Classic. Stannard was noted for his hard work in successfully placing teammate Ben Swift in the eventually victorious breakaway group. Stannard was selected to ride the Tour of Britain, but broke his wrist in a crash on the first stage, putting an end to an injury plagued season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Team Sky (2010–present).:2015.

paragraph: Stannard recovered from his injuries for the start of the 2015 season, again placing fourth in the Tour of Qatar. On 28 February, Stannard won the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, defending his 2014 title. He defeated Niki Terpstra in a two-man sprint, after spending the final in a four-man group with Terpstra's teammates Tom Boonen and Stijn Vandenbergh, and fending off attacks by Boonen and Terpstra in the closing stages of the race.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Team Sky (2010–present).:2016.

paragraph: In an interview in January 2016 Stannard confirmed that he would not be competing in Omloop Het Nieuwsblad or Kuurne-Brussels-Kuurne in 2016, having previously appeared in the opening double header of the Belgian classics season in every year since 2010 and forgoing the opportunity to win the Omloop for the third year running, in order to focus on peaking for the Flemish Cycling Week. He also explained that his preparation for the spring classics would include debut appearances at the Volta ao Algarve and Paris–Nice. Stannard finished third at E3 Harelbeke, leading a small group across the line behind his victorious teammate Michał Kwiatkowski and Peter Sagan, who had broken away from the group earlier. He also finished on the podium at Paris–Roubaix, where he finished third in a sprint from a five-man group which had formed when Stannard animated the race with an attack on the cobbled section at Camphin-en-Pévèle. In 2016 Stannard was part of the Tour de France winning team, regarded as Sky's key domestique on flat stages.

paragraph: Section::::Career achievements.

paragraph: Section::::Career achievements.:Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ian Stannard at Team Sky

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ian Stannard at Cycling Base

description: English racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Ian Stannard

wikipedia_title: Ian Stannard


text:
Kushan
Rabatak inscription
Gandhara
Bactria
China
Tarim Basin
Hou Hanshu
Kujula Kadphises
Rabatak inscription
Kanishka
Vima Kadphises
Kujula Kadphises
Vima Kadphises
Huvishka

wikipedia_title:
Kushan Empire
Rabatak inscription
Gandhara
Bactria
China
Tarim Basin
Book of the Later Han
Kujula Kadphises
Rabatak inscription
Kanishka
Vima Kadphises
Kujula Kadphises
Vima Kadphises
Huvishka

paragraph: Vima Takto

paragraph: Vima Takto or Vima Taktu was a Kushan emperor who reigned c. 80–90 CE.

paragraph: Section::::Rule.

paragraph: Vima Takto was long known as "The nameless King", since his coins only showed the legend "The King of Kings, Great Saviour", until the discovery of the Rabatak inscription helped connect his name with the title on the coins.

paragraph: Vima Takto's empire covered northwestern Gandhara and greater Bactria towards China, where Kushan presence has been asserted in the Tarim Basin. Under his reign, embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.

paragraph: Section::::Rule.:Genealogy.

paragraph: He is mentioned in the Chinese Historical Chronicle of the "Hou Hanshu", in relation to his father Kujula Kadphises:

paragraph: "Qiujiuque (Ch: 丘就卻) [Kujula Kadphises] was more than eighty years old when he died. His son, Yangaozhen (Ch:閻高珍) [probably Vema Tahk(tu) or, possibly, his brother Sadaṣkaṇa], became king in his place. He defeated Tianzhu [North-western India] and installed Generals to supervise and lead it. The Yuezhi then became extremely rich. All the kingdoms call [their king] the Guishuang [Kushan] king, but the Han call them by their original name, Da Yuezhi."

paragraph: The connection of Vima Takto with other Kushan rulers is described in the Rabatak inscription, which was written by Kanishka. Kanishka makes the list of the kings who ruled up to his time: Kujula Kadphises as his great-grandfather, Vima Takto as his grandfather, Vima Kadphises as his father, and himself Kanishka:

paragraph: "... for King Kujula Kadphises (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King Vima Kadphises (his) father, and *also for himself, King Kanishka" (Cribb and Sims-Williams 1995/6: 80)

paragraph: A later inscription found at Vima's sanctuary at Mat, also records that he was the grandfather of Huvishka.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Falk, Harry 2009. "The name of Vema Takhtu". W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp. 105–116.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hill, John E. (2009) "Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE". BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shrava, Satya" (1985) "The Kushana Numismatics", p 94.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Vima Takto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hill, John E. 2004. "The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu." Draft annotated English translation.

wikidata_label: Vima Takto

wikipedia_title: Vima Takto


text:
Kushan Empire
Kanishka
Vasudeva I
Amitabha
Mathura
Mahāyāna Buddhism
Sanskrit
Schøyen Collection
Shiva
Serapis
Roma
Maaseno
Skanda
Yaudheya
Mathura
Kushans

wikipedia_title:
Kushan Empire
Kanishka
Vasudeva I
Amitābha
Mathura
Mahayana
Sanskrit
Schøyen Collection
Shiva
Serapis
Roma (mythology)
Kartikeya
Kartikeya
Yaudheya
Mathura
Kushan Empire

paragraph: Huvishka

paragraph: Huvishka (Kushan: "Οοηϸκι", "Ooishki") was the emperor of the Kushan Empire from the death of Kanishka (assumed on the best evidence available to be in 140 CE) until the succession of Vasudeva I about forty years later. His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Religion.

paragraph: Huvishka was the son of Kanishka. His reign is also known as the golden age of Kushan rule. The reign of Huvishka corresponds to the first known epigraphic evidence of the Buddha Amitabha, on the bottom part of a 2nd-century statue which has been found in Govindo-Nagar, and now at the Mathura Museum. The statue is dated to "the 28th year of the reign of Huvishka", and dedicated to "Amitabha Buddha" by a family of merchants. There is also some evidence that Huvishka himself was a follower of Mahāyāna Buddhism. A Sanskrit manuscript fragment in the Schøyen Collection describes Huvishka as one who has "set forth in the Mahāyāna."

paragraph: Compared to his predecessor Kanishka, Huvishka was worshipper of Shiva.

paragraph: He also incorporates in his coins for the first and unique time in Kushan coinage the Hellenistic-Egyptian Serapis (under the name "Σαραπο", "Sarapo"), and the Goddess Roma (thought to represent "Roma aeterna"), under the name "Riom" (Greek: ΡΙΟΜ).

paragraph: Some of the coins of Huvishka also featured Maaseno on his coins, the Kushan incarnation of the Hindu god Karttikeya, or Skanda, whose epithet was "Mahasena". This god being particularly important to the Yaudheyas, it may have been incorporated into Kushan coinage when the Kushans expanded into Yaudheya territory in order to establish control of the Mathura area. It may also have been adopted as a way to appease the warlike Yaudheyas. In effect, the Kushans became the suzerains of the Yaudheyas in the area.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: One of the great remaining puzzles of Huvishka's reign is the devaluation of his coinage. Early in his reign the copper coinage plunged in weight from a standard of 16g to about 10-11g. The quality and weight then continued to decline throughout the reign until at the start of the reign of Vasudeva the standard coin (a tetradrachm) weighed only 9g. The devaluation led to a massive production of imitations, and an economic demand for the older, pre-devaluation coins in the Gangetic valley. However, the motivation (and even some of the details) of this devaluation are still unknown.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online Catalogue of Huvishka's Coinage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Huvishka

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Was Huvishka sole king of the Kushan Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::-  The Devaluation of the Coinage of Kanishka

wikidata_label: Huvishka

wikipedia_title: Huvishka


text:
Kushano Bactrian
Chinese
Kushan
Kanishka
Huvishka
Sassanian
Vasudeva
Krishna
Hindu
Hinduism
Cao Rui
Wei
Central Asia
Dharmaguptaka

wikipedia_title:
Bactrian language
Chinese language
Kushan Empire
Kanishka
Huvishka
Sasanian Empire
Vasudeva
Krishna
Hindus
Hinduism
Cao Rui
Cao Wei
Central Asia
Dharmaguptaka

categories: Kushan Empire,2nd-century Indian monarchs,2nd-century births,3rd-century Indian monarchs

paragraph: Vasudeva I

paragraph: Vasudeva I (Kushano Bactrian: ΒΑΖΟΔΗΟ "Bazodeo"; Chinese: 波調 "Bodiao"; fl. 200 CE) was a Kushan emperor, last of the "Great Kushans." Named inscriptions dating from year 64 to 98 of Kanishka's era suggest his reign extended from at least 191 to 232 CE.

paragraph: The last named inscription of his predecessor, Huvishka, was in the year 60 = 187 CE, and the Chinese evidence suggests he was still ruling as late as 229 CE. He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the Sassanians as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the Indo-Sassanians or Kushanshahs from around 240 CE.

paragraph: His name, Vasudeva, is that of the father of Krishna, the popular Hindu God, and he was the first Kushan king to be named after the Indian God. He converted to Hinduism during his reign.

paragraph: Section::::Contacts with China.

paragraph: In the Chinese historical chronicle Sanguozhi (三國志), he is recorded to have sent tribute to the Chinese emperor Cao Rui of the Wei in 229 CE (3rd year of Taihe 太和), :

paragraph: He is the last Kushan ruler to be mentioned in Chinese sources. His rule corresponds to the retreat of Chinese power from Central Asia, and it is thought that Vasudeva may have filled the power vacuum in that area. The great expansion of the Dharmaguptaka Buddhist group in Central Asia during this period has also been related to this event.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Falk, Harry (2001). "The yuga of Sphujiddhvaja and the era of the Kuṣâṇas." "Silk Road Art and Archaeology VII", pp. 121–136.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Falk, Harry (2004). "The Kaniṣka era in Gupta records." Harry Falk. "Silk Road Art and Archaeology X", pp. 167–176.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sims-Williams, Nicholas (1998). "Further notes on the Bactrian inscription of Rabatak, with an Appendix on the names of Kujula Kadphises and Vima Taktu in Chinese." "Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies Part 1: Old and Middle Iranian Studies". Edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams. Wiesbaden. Pp, 79-93.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Vasudeva

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of late Kushan emperors

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vasudeva coin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online catalogue of coins of Vasudeva

description: Kushan emperor

wikidata_label: Vasudeva I

wikipedia_title: Vasudeva I


text:
Kushan
Kanishka III
Shaka Kushan

wikipedia_title:
Kushan Empire
Kanishka III
Shaka Kushan

categories: Kushan Empire,3rd-century Indian monarchs

paragraph: Vasudeva II

paragraph: Vasudeva II was a Kushan emperor who ruled c. 275–300 AD. He was probably the successor of Kanishka III and may have been succeeded by a king named Shaka Kushan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- See: Vasudeva II coin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online catalogue of coins of Vasudeva II

description: Emperor of Kushan Empire

wikidata_label: Vasudeva II

wikipedia_title: Vasudeva II


text:
Italian
naturalist
sculptor
Bistagno
Italy
Academy of Fine Arts
Rome
Lola Mora
Victor de Pol
Buenos Aires
Legion d'Honneur
Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno
Columbus
Franklin
Jenner
vaccinating
smallpox
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
Giuseppe Mazzini
Buenos Aires
Argentina
Recoleta
Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno
Angelo della Resurrezione
Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
Rovigo

wikipedia_title:
Italy
Realism (arts)
Sculpture
Bistagno
Italy
List of art schools
Rome
Lola Mora
Victor de Pol
Buenos Aires
Legion of Honour
Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno
Christopher Columbus
Benjamin Franklin
Edward Jenner
Vaccination
Smallpox
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
Giuseppe Mazzini
Buenos Aires
Argentina
Recoleta, Buenos Aires
Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno
Monteverde Angel
Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
Rovigo

categories: 1837 births,20th-century Italian sculptors,19th-century Italian sculptors,Officiers of the Légion d'honneur,1917 deaths,Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class),People from the Province of Alessandria,Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy,Italian male sculptors

paragraph: Giulio Monteverde

paragraph: Giulio Monteverde (8 October 1837 – 3 October 1917) was an Italian naturalist sculptor and teacher.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Monteverde was born in Bistagno, Italy and studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome. He later became a professor there.

paragraph: Among his students were Lola Mora and Victor de Pol, who both developed significant public work in Buenos Aires.

paragraph: He was made an Officer in the Legion d'Honneur in 1878 and an Italian Senator in 1889. He died in Rome in 1917.

paragraph: Section::::Principal works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bambini che giocano con il gatto" ("Children playing with a cat"), (1867)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monument to Raffaele Pratolongo", (1868) – Genoa, Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Colombo giovinetto" ("The boy Columbus") (1870)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genio di Franklin" (Franklin’s genius") (1871)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jenner colto nell'atto di inoculare il vaccino del vaiolo al proprio figlio" ("Jenner vaccinating his own son against smallpox") (1873) – Rome, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monument to Giuseppe Mazzini" (1879) – Buenos Aires, Argentina

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cristo morto" ("Christ dead') (1880) – Buenos Aires, Recoleta Cemetery, Argentina

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monument to Francesco Oneto" (1882) – Genoa, Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angelo della Resurrezione" (1882) – Genoa, Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tomba Celle" ("Cell tomb") (1893) – Genoa, Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Idealità e materialismo" ("Idealism and materialism") (1911) – Rome, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Il pensiero" ("The thought") – Rome, Vittoriano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monument to Vittorio Emanuele II" – Rovigo

paragraph: Two of his angel statues are among the most copied in the world of funerary art; the angel in Staglieno Cemetery known as the Angelo della Resurrezione (The Resurrection Angel), and the angel in Rome's Verano Cemetery known as the Angel of the Night. There are three of the Resurrection Angel in the New York City area, and three of the Angel of the Night in the San Francisco Bay Area in California. Monteverde also created a Resurrection Angel for his own family tomb in Verano Cemetery in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The in the Italian Wikipedia as it stood on 6 August 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giulio Monteverde

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "gipsoteca" (gallery of plaster casts) of Giulio Monteverde in Bistagno

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statue of Giuseppe Saracco, Acqui Terme

description: Italian artist

wikidata_label: Giulio Monteverde

wikipedia_title: Giulio Monteverde


text:
Impressionists
Marseille
Paris
Paul Delaroche
École des Beaux-Arts
Louvre
Eugène Delacroix
Barbizon school
Fontainebleau Forest
Romantic
Antoine Watteau
Orientalist
Paul Cézanne
Aix
Vincent van Gogh
Theo
Oscar Wilde
Lord Alfred Douglas
Whistler
The Guardian
National Galleries of Scotland
Edinburgh
Auguste Carli
Palais Longchamp
Kröller-Müller Museum
François Bonvin
Charley Toorop
Henri Fantin-Latour
Paul Cézanne
Bart van der Leck

wikipedia_title:
Impressionism
Marseille
Paris
Paul Delaroche
École des Beaux-Arts
Louvre
Eugène Delacroix
Barbizon school
Fontainebleau
Romanticism
Jean-Antoine Watteau
Orientalism
Paul Cézanne
Aix-en-Provence
Vincent van Gogh
Theo van Gogh (art dealer)
Oscar Wilde
Lord Alfred Douglas
James Abbott McNeill Whistler
The Guardian
National Galleries of Scotland
Edinburgh
Auguste Carli
Palais Longchamp
Kröller-Müller Museum
François Bonvin
Charley Toorop
Henri Fantin-Latour
Paul Cézanne
Bart van der Leck

categories: 1886 deaths,1824 births,19th-century French painters,French male painters,People from Marseille

paragraph: Adolphe Monticelli

paragraph: Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli (October 14, 1824 – June 29, 1886) was a French painter of the generation preceding the Impressionists.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Monticelli was born in Marseille in humble circumstances. He attended the École Municipale de Dessin in Marseille from 1842 to 1846, and continued his artistic training in Paris, where he studied under Paul Delaroche at the École des Beaux-Arts. In Paris he made copies after the Old Masters in the Louvre, and admired the oil sketches of Eugène Delacroix. In 1855 he met Narcisse Diaz, a member of the Barbizon school, and the two often painted together in the Fontainebleau Forest. Monticelli frequently adopted Diaz's practice of introducing nudes or elegantly costumed figures into his landscapes.

paragraph: He developed a highly individual Romantic style of painting, in which richly colored, dappled, textured and glazed surfaces produce a scintillating effect. He painted courtly subjects inspired by Antoine Watteau; he also painted still lifes, portraits, and Orientalist subjects that owe much to the example of Delacroix.

paragraph: After 1870, Monticelli returned to Marseille, where he would live in poverty despite a prolific output, selling his paintings for small sums. An unworldly man, he dedicated himself singlemindedly to his art.

paragraph: The young Paul Cézanne befriended Monticelli in the 1860s, and the influence of the older painter's work can be seen in Cézanne's work of that decade. Between 1878 and 1884 the two artists often painted landscapes together, once spending a month roaming the Aix countryside. Although Monticelli experimented briefly around 1870 with a treatment of light reflecting the discoveries of the Impressionists, he found the objectivity of this approach uncongenial.

paragraph: Confronted with criticism of his style of painting Monticelli himself remarked, "I paint for thirty years from now". His work reached its greatest spontaneity in the decade before his death in 1886.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: More than a century after his death, Monticelli's art is still subject to controversy.

paragraph: In its painterly freedom Monticelli's work prefigures that of Vincent van Gogh, who greatly admired his work after seeing it in Paris when he arrived there in 1886. Van Gogh immediately adopted a brighter palette and a bolder attack, and later remarked, "I sometimes think I am really continuing that man." In 1890, Van Gogh and his brother Theo were instrumental in publishing the first book about Monticelli.

paragraph: Monticelli's reputation grew after his death. Among his collectors was Oscar Wilde who, after going to prison in 1895, wrote of his bankruptcy in a letter to Lord Alfred Douglas, "De Profundis": "That all my charming things were to be sold: my Burne-Jones drawings: my Whistler drawings: my Monticelli: my Simeon Solomons: my china: my Library..."

paragraph: Others still consider Monticelli a minor figure in 19th-century painting, a painter's painter, and some express their disregard in a colourful manner. In a statement published in 2005 in The Guardian, Sir Timothy Clifford, director general of the National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, even chose Monticelli's "A Garden Fete" as the worst painting in Britain, and commented, "We have been bequested eight paintings by Monticelli, each one more hideous than the last. In my 21 years here, none has been hung because I think Monticelli produces screamingly awful art. I call this one a Fete Worse Than Death."

paragraph: A monument honoring Monticelli, designed in 1909 by the sculptor Auguste Carli, is installed in the Palais Longchamp Marseille.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: From September 2008 till January 2009, an exhibition entitled "Van Gogh and Monticelli" took place in Marseille's "Centre de la Vieille Charité", highlighting Monticelli's influence on Van Gogh's work.

paragraph: From April 25 till September 27, 2015, an exhibition entitled "Van Gogh and Co. Criss-crossing the collection" at the Kröller-Müller Museum in Otterlo, The Netherlands, displayed paintings by Van Gogh and his predecessors, contemporaries and followers, among them François Bonvin, Charley Toorop, Henri Fantin-Latour, Jean-Baptiste Corot, Paul Cézanne, Bart van der Leck and Adolphe Monticelli.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Loan exhibition of paintings by Adolphe Monticelli". New York: Paul Rosenberg & Co. Catalogue no. 91, 1954. LC 73171702

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monticelli Ausstellungskatalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle, April - Mai 1966". [Text in German]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Impressionism". (1973). New York, N.Y.: Chartwell Books Inc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sheon, Aaron. "Monticelli, his contemporaries, his influence". Pittsburgh: Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute, 1978. LC 78060375

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garibaldi, Charles, and Garibaldi, Mario. "Monticelli." Geneva: Skira, 1991. [Text in French.]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turner, J. (2000). "From Monet to Cézanne: late 19th-century French artists". Grove Art. New York: St Martin's Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stammegna, Nadine. "Monticelli écrit par Van Gogh". Marseille: Transbordeurs, 2003. [Text in French]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raillard, Joseph. "Monticelli l'étrange". Marseille: A. Dimanche, 2008. [Text in French]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catalogue of the Van Gogh - Monticelli exhibition". Paris, Editions RMN, 2008.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fondation Monticelli

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monticelli's portrait

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artwork

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bloomberg Businessweek, "The Smarter Way to Invest in Art"

alias:
Adolphe Monticelli
Adolphe-Joseph-Thomas Monticelli
Adolphe A. Joseph Monticelli
Monticelli
Alphonse Monticelli
Adolphe Joseph Monticelli
Adolphe-Joseph Monticelli
a.j.t. monticelli
a.t.f. monticelli
a.t.j. monticelli
monticelli a.t.j.
a. monticelli
a.j. monticelli
a. j. th. monticelli
Adolph J. T. Monticelli

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli

wikipedia_title: Adolphe Monticelli


text: Russian

text: Orgaviaprom

text: nomenklatura

text: theoretical physics

text: Physics Department

text: Moscow State University

text: structure of scientific theories

text: methodology of science

text: Moscow Methodological Circle

text: Alexander Zinoviev

text: activity theory

text: naturalistic theory

text: Vasily Davydov

text: Vadim Sadovsky

text: Erik Yudin

text: Academy of Sciences of the USSR

text: Aksel Berg

text: Communist Party

text: Alexander Ginzburg

text: Yuri Galanskov

text: activity theory

text: organizational-activity game

text: content-genetic logic

text: Bolshevo

text: Petr Shchedrovitsky

text: CEO

categories: Russian dissidents,1929 births,Russian philosophers,Russian educational theorists,1994 deaths,Russian psychologists

paragraph: Georgy Shchedrovitsky

paragraph: Georgy Petrovich Shchedrovitsky () (23 Feb 1929 - 3 Feb 1994) was a Russian Educationalist.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: He was born to Pyotr Georgievich Shchedrovitsky, a prominent Russian engineer, and Kapitolina Nikolayevna Bayukova, a physician and micro-biologist. His father was the Director of Orgaviaprom, the Research Institute for the Organisation of the Aviation Industry. Thus Georgy grew up interacting with members of the nomenklatura. In 1946, he started studying theoretical physics at the Physics Department of Moscow State University, where he developed an interest in the structure of scientific theories which in 1949 led to a transfer to the Philosophy Department where he soon focused on logic and methodology of science.

paragraph: Section::::Interdisciplinary methodologies.

paragraph: From the 1950s Shchedrovitsky developed a series of seminars which attracted mathematicians, psychologists, historians, architects, sociologists and physicians who focused their discussions of logical and epistemological issues. He became involved in the Moscow Methodological Circle set up by Alexander Zinoviev. In 1954, Shchedrovitsky took over leadership of the circle and played a prominent role in developing activity theory. Here the world was not seen as composed of human subjects and objects as in naturalistic theory. Rather objects are secondary constructs whose nature depends on the activity applied to them. Shchedrovitsky argued that activity was not so much an attribute of any individual but rather a system within which an individual is "captured" and which determines how they behave. Further he reflected on the task of the scientist, bearing in mind that a particular complex "object" might be viewed from a number of different scientific perspectives: thus the work of the scientist involves not just examining the object within a specific scientific framework, but must also involve the choice of methodology by which the subject is marked as a distinct subject of scientific enquiry.

paragraph: In 1958 he joined Vasily Davydov in founding the Commission for The Study of The Psychology of Thought and Logic.

paragraph: In 1962 he joined Vadim Sadovsky and Erik Yudin, in creating the "Interdisciplinary Seminar on Structural and Systemic Methods of Analysis in Science and Technology" at the "Commission on Cybernetics" of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR which was headed by Aksel Berg. Shchedrovitsky headed the Seminar until 1976.

paragraph: He was a member of the Communist Party from 1956 to 1968 when he was excluded for supporting Alexander Ginzburg and Yuri Galanskov.

paragraph: Section::::Organizational-activity games.

paragraph: Shchedrovitsky presented an application of Vygotsky's activity theory with his development of organizational-activity games. These games were based on an application of Vygotsky's content-genetic logic to develop method of collective problem solving.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: He died in the village of Bolshevo in 1994. The Schedrovitsky Institute for Development was founded in 2005. His son, Petr Shchedrovitsky, continues to use Georgy's techniques to train CEOs.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Methodological Problems of Systems Research" (1964).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Problems in the development of planning activity"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reflexion and Relevant Problems" (1975) in "Reflexive Process and Control" No. 1 January-June 2002 Volume 1

description: Soviet philosopher

wikidata_label: Georgy Shchedrovitsky

wikipedia_title: Georgy Shchedrovitsky


text:
companions
Muhammad
Ten Promised Paradise
Zuhra
Quraysh
Abu Bakr
Islam
Al-Arqam
pagan
Mecca
emigrated to Abyssinia
Gharaniq
emigration
Medina
Umayyah ibn Khalaf
Battle of Uhud
Daumatul-Jandal
jizya
Abu Bakr
Uthman
Umar ibn al-Khattab
caliph
Sad Ibn Abi Waqqas
Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
Talha ibn Ubayd Allah
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Bilal Ibn Rabah
Sawda
Habiba bint Jahsh
Zaynab bint Jahsh
Tamadir bint al-Asbagh
Umm Kulthum bint Uqba
Ibrahim
al-Harra
Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan
Marwan I
Abdullah ibn Uthman ibn Affan
Abdullah ibn Abbas
Aisha
Levant
Amman
Jordan
Sunni
ten people
Sahaba
The Ten Promised Paradise
Sunni view of the Sahaba
List of expeditions of Muhammad
Banu Kalb

categories: Male Sahabah,Muhajirun,654 deaths,Sahabah participated in battle of Badr,7th-century merchants,581 births

paragraph: 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf

paragraph: 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf () (c.581 CE – c.654 CE) was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is known for being one of the Ten Promised Paradise.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: His parents were both from the Zuhra clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. His father was 'Awf ibn 'Abd-'Awf and his mother was al-Shifaa bint 'Awf.

paragraph: His original name was Abdu Amru ("servant of Amru"). It was Muhammad who renamed him 'Abd al-Rahman ("servant of the Most Merciful"). It is also said that his original name was Abdul Kaaba. His name has also been transliterated as Abdel Rahman Ibn Auf.

paragraph: Section::::Conversion to Islam.

paragraph: Abu Bakr spoke to 'Abd al-Rahman about Islam, then invited him to meet Muhammad, who heard his declaration of faith and taught him the Islamic prayers. This was before the Muslims had entered the house of Al-Arqam; 'Abd al-Rahman was one of the first eight men to accept Islam.

paragraph: From about 614 the pagan Quraysh in Mecca "showed their enmity to all those who followed the apostle; every clan which contained Muslims was attacked." The usual threat to Muslim merchants was: "We will boycott your goods and reduce you to beggary."

paragraph: 'Abd al-Rahman was one of a pioneering party of fifteen Muslims who emigrated to Abyssinia in 615. Other Muslims joined them later, forming a group of over a hundred. "They were safely ensconced there and grateful for the protection of the Negus; could serve Allah without fear, and the Negus had shown them every hospitality." In late 619 or early 620 "they heard that the Meccans had accepted Islam." This probably refers to the Gharaniq episode. 'Abd al-Rahman was one of forty who "set out for the homeland. But when they got near Mecca they learned that the report was false, so that they entered the town under the protection of a citizen or by stealth."

paragraph: Section::::Emigration to Medina.

paragraph: In 615 he migrated to Abyssinia and In 622 'Abd al-Rahman joined the general emigration of Muslims to Medina, where he lodged with Saad ibn Al-Rabi until he could re-establish his business.

paragraph: Section::::Military campaigns during Muhammad's era.:Battle of Badr.

paragraph: 'Abd al-Rahman was friends with Umayyah ibn Khalaf, a stern opponent of Islam. When 'Abd al-Rahman emigrated to Medina, the two reached a written agreement, according to which 'Abd al-Rahman was to protect Umayyah's property and family in Medina, while Umayyah would protect 'Abd al-Rahman's in Mecca. When 'Abd al-Rahman wanted to sign the document, Umayyah protested, saying "I do not know Ar-Rahman" and requested that the pre-Islamic name "Abdu Amr" should be used, to which 'Abd al-Rahman agreed.

paragraph: The two met again in the Battle of Badr in March 624.

paragraph: Section::::Military campaigns during Muhammad's era.:Battle of Uhud.

paragraph: Abd al-Rahman was one of those who stood firmly beside Muhammad at the Battle of Uhud when most of the warriors fled.

paragraph: Section::::Military campaigns during Muhammad's era.:Invasion of Dumatul-Jandal.

paragraph: In August 626 Muhammad directed 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf to raid the Kalb tribe in Daumatul-Jandal, instructing him: “Take it, Ibn Awf; fight everyone in the way of Allah and kill those who disbelieve in Allah. Do not be deceitful with the spoil; do not be treacherous, nor mutilate, nor kill children. This is Allah’s ordinance and the practice of His prophet among you.” Muhammad also instructed him on the correct way to wind a turban. 'Abd al-Rahman defeated the Kalbites and extracted from them their declaration of Islam and the payment of the "jizya". He then sealed the alliance by marrying the chief's daughter Tamadur bint Al-Asbagh and bringing her back to Medina.

paragraph: Section::::Role in successions to the Caliphate.

paragraph: In August 634 the dying Caliph Abu Bakr called in 'Abd al-Rahman and Uthman to inform them that he had designated Umar ibn al-Khattab as successor.

paragraph: In 644 the dying caliph Umar nominated a board of six members (the Council of Shura) to elect one of themselves as the next caliph. The group consisted of Sad Ibn Abi Waqqas, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, Ali ibn Abi Talib and Uthman ibn Affan. Uthman was chosen as the third caliph by 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Family.

paragraph: His sister was married to Bilal Ibn Rabah.

paragraph: He married at least sixteen times and had over thirty known children.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Umm Habiba bint Zama'a, a sister of Sawda. No children are known from this marriage.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Umm Kulthum bint Utba of the Abdshams clan of the Quraysh in Mecca.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Salim "the Elder" (died before Islam).

paragraph: BULLET::::3. The Daughter of Shayba ibn Rabia ibn Abdshams.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Umm Al-Qasim (born before Islam).

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Habiba bint Jahsh of the Asad tribe, a sister of Zaynab bint Jahsh (childless).

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Tamadir bint al-Asbagh of the Kalb tribe. Although Abd al-Rahman divorced her during his final illness, she, like his other three widows, inherited one-thirty-second of his fortune, which was 80,000 or 100,000 "dirhams".

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Abdullah "the Younger" (Abu Salama).

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Umm Kulthum bint Uqba from the Umayya clan of the Quraysh in Mecca.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Muhammad, from whom he took his "kunya" of Abu Muhammad.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Ibrahim.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Humayd.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Isma'il.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Hamida.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Amat ar-Rahman "the Elder".

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Sahla bint Asim from the Baliyy tribe of Medina.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Maan.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Umar.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Zayd.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Amat ar-Rahman "the Younger".

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Bahriya bint Hani of the Shayban tribe.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Urwa "the Elder" (killed at Ifriqiya).

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Sahla bint Suhayl of the Amir ibn Luayy clan of the Quraysh.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Salim "the Younger" (killed at Ifriqiya).

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Umm Hakim bint Qariz of the Kinana tribe.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Abu Bakr.

paragraph: BULLET::::11. The Daughter of Abu al-His ibn Rafi from the Abdulashhal ibn Aws tribe of Medina.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Abdullah (killed during the conquest of Africa)

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Asma bint Salama

paragraph: BULLET::::1. 'Abd al-Rahman.

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Umm Horayth, a war-captive from Bahra

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Mus'ab.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Amina.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Maryam.

paragraph: BULLET::::14. Majd bint Yazid from the Himyar tribe.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Suhyal (Abu'l-Abayd)

paragraph: BULLET::::15. Zaynab bint As-Sabbah.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Umm Yahya.

paragraph: BULLET::::16. Badiya bint Ghaylan from the Thaqif tribe.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Juwayriya.

paragraph: BULLET::::17. Ghazzal bint Khosrau (concubine), a war-captive from Al-Mada'in

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Uthman

paragraph: BULLET::::18. Other Concubines (unnamed).

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Urwa.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Yahya.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Bilal.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Saad.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. al-Miswar (died at al-Harra).

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Fakhita, a wife of Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan.

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Umm al-Qasim "the Younger", a wife of Yahya ibn Al-Hakam (brother of Marwan I).

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Daughter, a wife of Abdullah ibn Uthman ibn Affan.

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Daughter, a wife of Abdullah ibn Abbas.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Wealth.

paragraph: When 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf died, he was worth approximately 3.1 billion "dinars" which, at current rates of US$40 per gram, i.e. 3.1 billion x 4.25 gram X 40$ is more than US$527 billion because the "dinar" was the trading currency at that time. Along with "dinars", he left 10,000 goats, 1,000 horses, 1,000 camels and a vast area of land.

paragraph: 'Abd al-Rahman was known as a business sensation in world. When he was asked about the secret of his success, he replied that he never lifted a stone unless he expected to find gold or silver under it.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Generosity.

paragraph: Many stories are told of 'Abd al-Rahman's personal generosity. He once furnished Muhammad's army with 1,500 camels. He bequeathed 400 "dinars" to the survivors of Badr and a large legacy to the widows of Muhammad. One day he brought a caravan of 700 merchant-camels into Medina. Aisha remarked, "I have heard the Allah's Messenger say: 'I have seen 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf entering Paradise crawling.'" This was repeated to 'Abd al-Rahman, who replied: "If I could, I would certainly like to enter Paradise standing. I swear to you, "yaa Ammah", that this entire caravan with all its merchandise, I will give in charity." And so he did.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Physical Features.

paragraph: 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf was tall and bent-backed with a fine, light, rosy complexion and a handsome face. In old age he did not dye his hair. Other descriptions refer to his curly hair; lustrous, long-lashed eyes; convex nose; somewhat protruding upper teeth; thick hair under the earlobes; long, elegant neck; and thick, masculine hands and fingers. He had a limp due to the wounds that he incurred at the Battle of Uhud.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: 'Abd al-Rahman died in the Levant (بلاد الشام) in 33 AH (653-654 CE) at the age of 75 (lunar) years. He was buried on a hill to the north-east of present-day Amman, Jordan.

paragraph: Section::::Sunni view.

paragraph: Sunnis regard him as one of the "al-asharatu-l mubashshirin", the ten people whom Muhammad personally assured of entering Paradise.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sahaba

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Ten Promised Paradise

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sunni view of the Sahaba

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of expeditions of Muhammad

paragraph: BULLET::::- Banu Kalb

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: One of the Ten Blessed Companions

wikidata_label: Abdur Rahman bin Awf

wikipedia_title: 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf


text:
Pittsburgh
Pennsylvania
metal
Ratt
Torrance High School
Juan Croucier
Don Dokken
Juan Croucier
Dokken
Swiss
Sony
Warren DeMartini
Robbin Crosby
Geoff Tate
Queensrÿche
Sin City Sinners
Joshua Alan
Scott Griffin
Contraband
Montrose
Jani Lane
Warrant
Alice Cooper
Saints of the Underground
Official website of Bobby Blotzer
Current Ratt website

categories: Ratt members,American heavy metal drummers,1958 births,20th-century American drummers,American male drummers,Musicians from Pittsburgh,Living people,Glam metal musicians

paragraph: Bobby Blotzer

paragraph: Robert John Blotzer (born October 22, 1958 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American musician best known as the past drummer for metal band Ratt. He attended Torrance High School in Torrance California along with his ex Ratt bandmate Juan Croucier.

paragraph: Section::::Ratt.

paragraph: Blotzer began his career playing with Don Dokken along with Juan Croucier. Blotzer and Croucier left Dokken in 1978 to form FireFoxx along with Ron Abrams on guitar. He became Ratt's drummer in 1982. Along with bassist Juan Croucier, he had previously played with noted Italian/Swiss guitarist Vic Vergeat, including a tour of the U.S. behind Vergeat's 1981 solo album "Down to the Bone". Ratt had five consecutive platinum albums during the 1980s.

paragraph: At the beginning of the 1990s Ratt's popularity waned, and the band called it quits in 1992. Blotzer started a more normal life outside the public eye. Five years later Ratt reformed and toured once again. In 2000 Stephen Pearcy apparently quit the group, and shortly thereafter Bobby had exhibited an extreme dislike for Pearcy, who had sued the band for continuing under the "Ratt" name and claimed the band ruined their worldwide deal with Sony. Blotzer heavily denied the claims and said they were a bunch of "pathologic lies", adding that Pearcy was a "sick person". Blotzer and Ratt guitarist Warren DeMartini subsequently won the court case to use the "Ratt" name.

paragraph: In 2002 former Ratt guitarist Robbin Crosby died of AIDS-related complications, and heroin overdose, which marked one of the most painful parts of Blotzer's life. Blotzer posted a message to his late bandmate affectionately referred to as "The King" by fans on the group's official web site and called Crosby "one of the most kind hearted, the most compassionate, intelligent, talented" people he had ever known. In 2007 Stephen Pearcy reunited with the group, thus putting an end to the tensions between the two. In 2009 Metal Sludge reported that he was arrested and booked on charges of domestic violence.

paragraph: In 2010 Blotzer released an auto-biographical book, "Tales of A Ratt – Things You Shouldn't Know". On September 2, 2012 it was announced Bobby would be joining Geoff Tate's lineup formed after his dismissal from Queensrÿche, but he left on January 25, 2013 to return playing with Ratt. On April 24, 2014, Stephen Pearcy announced he had left the band again. After this, Ratt went on hiatus.

paragraph: In March 2015, Blotzer guested with Las Vegas band Sin City Sinners. Blotzer asked Sinners' singer Joshua Alan, guitarist Michael "Doc" Ellis, and bassist Scott Griffin to join him in forming a new version of RATT. They toured under the name "Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Experience," performing Ratt songs. In September 2015, Blotzer announced that he had taken control of the Ratt brand and would take his band on tour in 2016 using the Ratt name. However, within days, Warren DeMartini spoke out against Blotzer using the name, as he owns half of the Ratt name as part of WBS, Inc., the company owned by him and Blotzer. Blotzer claimed he has the legal right to go on tour using the name, as DeMartini breached his fiduciary duty by refusing to tour under the Ratt name as a partner in the corporation. In October 2015, DeMartini sued Blotzer for falsely advertising his "tribute band" as the real thing. In November 2015, DeMartini's attempt to procure an injunction to prevent Blotzer from using and touring under the Ratt trademark was overturned, allowing Blotzer to tour using the name Ratt.

paragraph: Section::::Side projects.

paragraph: He has played with several side projects over the years, such as Twenty 4 Seven, Phucket, FireFoxx, Airborne, Angel City Outlaws, Contraband, Vic Vergat Band, and has also played as a touring drummer for Montrose. In 2008, Blotzer, Jani Lane (Warrant), Keri Kelli (Alice Cooper), and Robbie Crane (Ratt) released Saints of the Underground's debut album, "Love The Sin, Hate The Sinner".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website of Bobby Blotzer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Current Ratt website

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Bobby Blotzer

wikipedia_title: Bobby Blotzer


text:
Marseilles
Lord of Baux
Hugh III of Baux
Albigensian Crusade
Comtat Venaissin
Raymond VII of Toulouse
Guigues VII, Dauphin of Viennois
Philip of Savoy
Aymar III of Valentinois
Beatrice of Savoy
Beatrice of Provence
Charles of Anjou
Sicily
Bertran
Constance of Toulouse
Bertran III of Baux
Avellino
Count of Valentinois
Caromb
Henry II
Cecile, called "Passerose"
Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy

categories: Viscounts of France,House of Baux,1268 deaths

paragraph: Barral of Baux

paragraph: Barral of Baux (died 1268) was Viscount of Marseilles and Lord of Baux. He was the son of Hugh III of Baux, Viscount of Marseilles, and Barrale.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Barral came to oppose the Albigensian Crusade, and invaded the Comtat Venaissin in 1234 in support of Raymond VII of Toulouse.

paragraph: In 1239, Barral entered negotiations to have his daughter Cecile marry Guigues VII, Dauphin of Viennois, another supporter of Toulouse. Under pressure from Philip of Savoy, Barral reneged on the engagement, saying he had only agreed to it in fear of his life. In 1244, Barral helped arbitrate the latest conflict between Savoy and Provence on one side and the dauphin and Aymar III of Valentinois on the other. In December of that year, Cecile married the Count of Savoy, firmly pulling Baux into the Savoy alliances.

paragraph: In 1246, Barral joined his son-in-law and family in bringing an army to the rescue of Beatrice of Savoy and her daughter Beatrice of Provence, who had recently inherited the county of Provence. They had been besieged by others seeking to marry her, but the family was able to safely escort her to her wedding. The countess's new husband did not respect her father's will toward the rest of the family, so Barral joined the Provençal rebellion against Charles of Anjou in 1247, supporting his son-in-law's family in their rights. Forced to surrender to Charles in June 1251, he became a supporter of Charles by October, and helped suppress the rebellion in 1262.

paragraph: In 1255, Barral was again called on to mediate the disputes between Philip of Savoy and the Valentinois-Viennois alliance.

paragraph: For his support of Charles, he was made Grand Justiciar of Sicily, and died in 1268. He was succeeded as Lord of Baux by his son Bertran.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: He married Sibylle d'Anduze (died after 9 June 1279), the daughter of Constance of Toulouse and Pierre Bermond, seigneur d'Anduze. Barral and Sibylle had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Hugh (died c. 1251)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Bertran III of Baux (died 1304 or 1305), Count of Avellino and Lord of Baux, married firstly c. 1244 Philippa (died after 1263), daughter of Aymar III, Count of Valentinois, married secondly before 20 April 1277 Philippa (died c. 1283), daughter of Aymar III, Count of Valentinois, married thirdly Agathe de Mevouillon, Lady of Caromb

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Marquise (died c. 1279), married c. 1256 Henry II, Count of Rodez (died 1304)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Cecile, called "Passerose" (died 1275), married 1244 Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Marguerite

description: Provençal nobleman

wikidata_label: Barral of Baux

wikipedia_title: Barral of Baux


text:
United States Navy
Medal of Honor
Germany
New York
gunner's mate
first class
sick bay
Pulmotor
chief
gunner's mate
Cypress Hills National Cemetery
Brooklyn
List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: 1870 births,German emigrants to the United States,United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients,German-born Medal of Honor recipients,United States Navy sailors,Military personnel from New York (state),1925 deaths

paragraph: Wilhelm Smith

paragraph: Wilhelm Smith (April 10, 1870 – October 30, 1925) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Germany, Smith immigrated to the United States and joined the U.S. Navy from New York. By January 24, 1916, he was serving as a gunner's mate first class on the .

paragraph: On that day, a sanitary tank which collected runoff from the torpedo room, anchor chain locker, and anchor engine room was scheduled for a routine cleaning. The tank was inadequately ventilated, and the air inside was discovered to be too foul for men to enter. After allowing the empty tank to air out, the three-man cleaning crew was ordered to commence work. A hose was run to the tank from an ammunition handling room, of which Smith was in charge, and one sailor, Ordinary Seaman Peter J. Walsh, descended into the tank to begin cleaning. Walsh was quickly overcome by fumes and fell unconscious to the bottom of the chamber. His two companions rushed to the handling room where Smith was working and shut off the hose. While one of the men tried unsuccessfully to save Walsh, Smith gathered a rope and prepared to make his own rescue attempt.

paragraph: Short and stocky, Smith struggled to fit his frame through the small hatch into the tank. Making it through with great difficulty, he climbed to the bottom and tied the rope to Walsh's limp body. While ascending out of the tank, he too was overcome by the noxious gases and was pulled through the hatch unconscious by his fellow sailors. Both Smith and Walsh were taken to sick bay and resuscitated by use of a Pulmotor device. An officer on the "New York" stated that "Smith not only saved the life of Walsh, who could not have been resuscitated if he had been allowed to remain any longer, but he took a very great risk of not being able to get back himself through the manhole on account of his being so stout." For these actions, Smith was awarded the Medal of Honor three months later, on April 6.

paragraph: Smith reached the rank of chief gunner's mate before leaving the Navy. He died at age 54 and was buried at Cypress Hills National Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Smith's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

paragraph: On board the U.S.S. "New York", for entering a compartment filled with gases and rescuing a shipmate on 24 January

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients

wikidata_label: Wilhelm Smith

wikipedia_title: Wilhelm Smith


text:
Montenegrin
Yugoslav
communist
volunteer
Spanish Civil War
uprising in Montenegro
Red Army
Vladimir Zhdanov
liberated
Belgrade
honorary citizen of Belgrade
Chief of the Yugoslav General Staff
Đilas
Ljubotinj
Cetinje
Kingdom of Montenegro
Orthodox
Vlado Dapčević
Belgrade
FR Yugoslavia
Belgrade Offensive
Vlado Dapčević

categories: Yugoslav Partisans members,People from Cetinje,Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia members,1999 deaths,People of the Kingdom of Montenegro,Yugoslav communists,Montenegrin communists,Montenegrin atheists,Generals of the Yugoslav People's Army,International Brigades personnel,Chiefs of Staff of the Yugoslav People's Army,Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero,Yugoslav politicians,1913 births,Yugoslav people of the Spanish Civil War

paragraph: Peko Dapčević

paragraph: Petar "Peko" Dapčević (25 June 1913 – 10 February 1999) was a famous Montenegrin and Yugoslav communist who fought as a volunteer in the Spanish Civil War, joined the Partisan uprising in Montenegro, and became commander of the Yugoslav 1st and 4th Armies.

paragraph: General Dapčević led the Partisan troops that, along with Soviet Red Army under General Vladimir Zhdanov, liberated Belgrade on October 20, 1944. He was the first person to be proclaimed as honorary citizen of Belgrade. In 1953 Dapčević was named Chief of the Yugoslav General Staff, but was demoted as a result of being indirectly involved in the Đilas troubles with the party. Born in the village of Ljubotinj (near Cetinje), Kingdom of Montenegro, his father Jovan was an Orthodox deacon. He had one sister Danica Dapčević who was a public teacher, and brothers Milutin - Yugoslavia Kingdom's Military Officer, Dragutin - Major of Yugoslav Armies and Vlado Dapčević - who was a famous revolutionary, dissident and anti-revisionist.

paragraph: Petar, Dragutin and Vladimir took part in The Anti Fascist Movement since its very beginning until the end of The Second World War.

paragraph: Petar Dapčević died at the age of 85 in his home in Belgrade, FR Yugoslavia.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Belgrade Offensive

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vlado Dapčević

description: Yugoslav partisan and politician

wikidata_label: Peko Dapčević

wikipedia_title: Peko Dapčević


text: Český Těšín

text: Prague

text: Czech

text: Masaryk University

text: Brno

text: Karlovy Vary

text: Marketa Lazarová

text: Masaryk University

text: Jan Čuřík

text: Karel Kachyňa

text: Klement Gottwald

text: Lomnický štít

text: Clouds of Glass

text: Barrandov Studios

text: The White Dove

text: The Devil's Trap

text: Marketa Lazarová

text: Theodor Pištěk

text: Jan Koblasa

text: all-time best Czech movie

text: The Valley of the Bees

text: Petr Čepek

text: Adelheid

text: Normalization

text: Art Nouveau's Prague

text: Smoke on the Potato Fields

text: Shadows of a Hot Summer

text: Crystal Globe

text: Zdeněk Mahler

text: Concert at the End of Summer

text: Snake's Venom

text: Shades of Fern

text: Magician

text: Velvet Revolution

text: František Vláčil

text: Out of the past: Frantisek Vlácil

text: Sight & Sound

categories: Czech graphic artists,People from Český Těšín,Czechoslovak film directors,1999 deaths,František Vláčil,1924 births,Czech film directors

paragraph: František Vláčil

paragraph: František Vláčil (February 19, 1924, Český Těšín – January 28, 1999, Prague) was a Czech film director, painter, and graphic artist.

paragraph: Between 1945 and 1950, he studied esthetics and art history at Masaryk University in Brno. Later he worked in various groups and ateliers (e.g. on animated films), but his main area became played film. His films are well known for extraordinarily high art quality. Vláčil was awarded many film prizes like the Prize of the International Film Festival 1998 in Karlovy Vary or the Czech Lion Prize for his longstanding contribution to world film culture. In 1998 Vláčil was voted the greatest Czech director of all time by a poll of Czech film critics. His film Marketa Lazarová is considered by some critics to be the best Czech film ever made.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: He spent childhood in north Moravia. He shortly studied Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague but switched to the faculty of Arts at Masaryk University. He finished his studies in 1951. He was interested in filmmaking during his studies and worked as a screenwriter in Brno Cartoon and puppet film studio. He later went to newly formed Studio of Popular Scientific and Educational Films. He made 4 short documentary films in the studio.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Military film.

paragraph: Vláčil worked in a studio of Czechoslovak military film during his compulsory military service. He was in the military from 1951 to 1958. He met with cinematographer Jan Čuřík with whom he frequently collaborated during his career. He also met another director Karel Kachyňa. Vláčil's short films made in the military studio were mostly instructory and propagandist. His first film was a 1953 short "Vzpomínka" that commemorated deceased communist president Klement Gottwald. Another of his film shorts is a documentary "Posádka na štítě" that is about meteorologists working on Lomnický štít. The film shows contrast between a man and mountains. Vláčil also participated in the filmmaking of other directors. In 1955, Vláčil participated as an adviser in the making of the war film, Tank Brigade, coordinating battle scenes. His last military short was an instructory and motivational film "Sebeobrana". He also made a short film "Clouds of Glass" which is considered his finest creation while in the army. It is the only film that Vláčil made in the military and was not determined by politics or genre. "Clouds of Glass" won an award at the Documentary and Short Film Festival in Venice. Vláčil left the army in 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Barrandov.

paragraph: Vláčil was employed at Barrandov Studios. He debuted with a short film "The Chase" (segment of "No Entrance"). The film is about two members of the border-guard who chase an enemy agent. The film not a regular story about the border-guard but features a strong focus on the beauties of nature. He made his first full-lengh film "The White Dove" in 1960. The film received positive reviews and some awards. He made a historical film "The Devil's Trap" that was also a success. His next film was a historical drama "Marketa Lazarová". He worked six years on the film. He collaborated with significant designers of costumes and decorations, Theodor Pištěk, Jan Koblasa and others. The film was highly acclaimed and was voted the all-time best Czech movie in a prestigious 1998 poll of Czech film critics and publicists. The film was also very expensive and Vláčil was forced to make "The Valley of the Bees", another historical film. "The Valley of the Bees" used the same decorations so the expenditures of "Markéta Lazarová" could partially be repaid. The film starred Petr Čepek. Vláčil then worked with Čepek on his next film Adelheid.

paragraph: During the Normalization era, Vláčil was not allowed to make feature films and had to leave Barrandov Studio. He made some shorts films such as Art Nouveau's Prague. He was allowed to make another full-length film in 1976, it was a drama "Smoke on the Potato Fields". His next film, thriller "Shadows of a Hot Summer", won a Crystal Globe.

paragraph: Vláčil started to work with screenwriter Zdeněk Mahler and together they worked on some films. They made a biographical film "Concert at the End of Summer". It was followed by other significant films "Snake's Venom", "Shades of Fern" and "Magician". These were his last films before he retired.

paragraph: After Velvet Revolution, Vláčil received a number of awards. He won Czech Lion for Lifetime Work and Extraordinary Contribution to Czech Cinema and became the President of Czech Film and Television Academy. In 1997, Vláčil broke his left leg and was hospitalized. He was operated on but his operation was unsuccessful and had to be re-operated. The second operation was successful and he was allowed to leave hospital. He was only one day home when he fell into unconsciousness due to heart arrhythmia. He never recovered and died on 27 January 1999.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Problems with alcohol.

paragraph: When Vláčil started to make his own projects in the 1960s, he started heavily drinking. He believed that alcohol helped him in his work, helping him to reach his visions. His problems with alcohol worsened after he made "Markéta Lazarová". After he finished the film, he looked "like a living skeleton". When he finished "Adelheid", he collapsed. He underwent therapy and made "Smoke on the Potato Field" during a period of sobriety. Owing to the omission of his favourite scene from the film, because it was destroyed, Vláčil starts drinking again. His alcoholism was not helping his work anymore. He tried to fight his alcoholism by making "Snake's Venom". Vláčil's alcoholism led him to lose his family and friends.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- František Vláčil at Kinoblog (web archive)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Out of the past: Frantisek Vlácil" at Sight & Sound (web archive)

paragraph: BULLET::::- New book of Petr Gajdošík: František Vláčil. Život a dílo /František Vláčil. Life and Work/ (Camera obscura, 2018) 875 pages

paragraph: BULLET::::- New book of Petr Gajdošík: František Vláčil. Život a dílo /František Vláčil. Life and Work/ Web Kosmas

description: Czech graphic, painter, director and scriptwriter

wikidata_label: František Vláčil

wikipedia_title: František Vláčil


text:
Numidia
Gauda
Jugurtha
Juba I
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Gaius Marius
Rome
Africa
Hiarbas
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Lucius Aurelius Cotta
Publius Servilius Rullus
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Suetonius
Sallust
Punic language
Plutarch
Appian
Dio Cassius

categories: 1st-century BC rulers in Africa,1st-century BC Berber people

paragraph: Hiempsal II

paragraph: Hiempsal II was a king of Numidia. He was the son of Gauda, half-brother of Jugurtha, and was the father of Juba I.

paragraph: In 88 BC, after the triumph of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, when Gaius Marius and his son fled from Rome to Africa, Hiempsal received them with apparent friendliness, his real intention being to detain them as prisoners. Marius discovered this intention in time and made good his escape with the assistance of the king's daughter.

paragraph: In 81 BC Hiempsal was driven from his throne by the Numidians themselves, or by Hiarbas, ruler of part of the kingdom, supported by Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, the leader of the Marian party in Africa. Soon afterwards Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was sent to Africa by Sulla to reinstate Hiempsal, whose territory was subsequently increased by the addition of some land on the coast in accordance with a treaty concluded with Lucius Aurelius Cotta.

paragraph: When the tribune Publius Servilius Rullus introduced his agrarian law (63 BC), these lands, which had been originally assigned to the Roman people by Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, were expressly exempted from sale, which roused the indignation of Marcus Tullius Cicero ("De lege agraria", i. 4, ii. 22). From Suetonius ("Caesar", 71) it is evident that Hiempsal was alive in 62 BC.

paragraph: According to Sallust ("Jugurtha", 17), he was the author of an historical work in the Punic language.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This work in turn cites:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plutarch, "Marius", 40, Pompey, 12

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appian, "Bell. civ.", i. 62. 80

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dio Cassius xli. 41

description: king of Numidia

wikidata_label: Hiempsal II

wikipedia_title: Hiempsal II


text:
Iranian
Greek ancestry
Parthian Empire
CE
Artabanus II of Parthia
Gotarzes II
Seleucia
Ctesiphon
Ammianus Marcellinus
Roman Empire
Armenia
Yuezhi
Dahae
Tejen
Tacitus
Life of Apollonius of Tyana
Apollonius of Tyana
India
ruler of India
Phraotes
satrap
Indus
Josephus
Tacitus
Annals
xi, 9
10
Ammianus Marcellinus
Coinage of Vardanes I

categories: 45 deaths,1st-century monarchs in the Middle East,Parthian kings,Year of birth unknown,Iranian people of Greek descent,1st-century Iranian people,Murdered Persian monarchs

paragraph: Vardanes I

paragraph: Vardanes I of Parthia (, flourished 1st century) was a Prince of Iranian and Greek ancestry. He ruled the Parthian Empire as King from about 40 until 45 CE. He succeeded his father Artabanus II of Parthia, but had to continually fight against his brother Gotarzes II, a rival claimant to the throne.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His coins show that he was in full possession of the throne from about 40 to 45. In 43, he forced the city of Seleucia to submit to the Parthians again after a rebellion of seven years. Ctesiphon, the residence of the kings on the bank of the Tigris, opposite to Seleucia, naturally profited by this war and Vardanes I is therefore called founder of Ctesiphon by Ammianus Marcellinus. He also prepared for a war against the Roman Empire, with the aim of reconquering Armenia, but ultimately decided against facing the Roman legions.

paragraph: In a new war with Gotarzes II, he gained a great success against the eastern nomads. According to Tacitus ("Annales" 9.8-10), Vardanes I was expelled temporarily from the throne by Gotarzes II, and fled to take refuge "in the plains of the Bactrians" (possibly the Yuezhi, who occupied Bactria at that time). Once he resumed power, he led a victorious campaign against the Dahae army of Gotarzes II, as far as the Sindes River (the Tejen) ("Annales" 11.10). Vardanes I was praised by Tacitus as a young and highly gifted ruler of great energy, but fierce ("ferox") and intolerable to his subjects ("Annales" 11.10). In about 47 he was assassinated while hunting and Gotarzes II became King again.

paragraph: Vardanes I is mentioned in Life of Apollonius of Tyana as a benefactor to Apollonius of Tyana (2–c. 98). He gives him letters guaranteeing safe passage to India, so that he can meet there the ruler of India, Phraotes:

paragraph: And with that, he showed them a letter, written to that effect, and this gave them occasion to marvel afresh at the humanity and foresight of Vardanes. For he had addressed the letter in question to the satrap of the Indus, although he was not subject to his dominion; and in it he reminded him of the good service he had done him, but declared that he would not ask any recompense for the same, "for", he said, "it is not my habit to ask for a return of favors." But he said he would be very grateful, if he could give a welcome to Apollonius and send him on wherever he wished to go. And he had given gold to the guide, so that in case he found Apollonius in want thereof, he might give it him and save him from looking to the generosity of anyone else. – Book II:17

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josephus, "Antiquities of the Jews", xx, 3, 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tacitus, "Annals", xi, 9, 10

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life of Apollonius Tyana, II, 17

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ammianus Marcellinus, "Res Gestae", xxiii, 6, 23

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Bury, The student's Roman Empire: A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the Death of Marcus Aurelius, Harper & Brothers, 1893

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coinage of Vardanes I

wikidata_label: Vardanes I of Parthia

wikipedia_title: Vardanes I


text:
Iranian ancestry
Parthian Empire
Artabanus III
Vardanes I
Vologases I
rock relief
Sarpul-I-Zohab
Iranian Kurdistan
Hyrcania
Hyrcania
Dahae
Roman emperor
Claudius
Rome
Arsacid prince
Euphrates
Tacitus
Josephus
Vonones II
Vologases I
Claudius the God
Caligula
Josephus
Tacitus
Annals
xi, 8
9
xii, 10
Ptolemaic Genealogy: Tryphaena

categories: 1st-century monarchs in the Middle East,51 deaths,Parthian kings,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Gotarzes II of Parthia

paragraph: Gotarzes II of Parthia ( "Gōtarz", "Gōtarzēs"; flourished 1st century) was a Prince of Iranian ancestry. He ruled the Parthian Empire as King intermittently between about 40 to 51. He was one of the sons of Artabanus III. When his father died in 38 and his brother Vardanes I succeeded to the throne, Gotarzes II rebelled.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Little is known of the early life of Gotarzes II prior to his becoming King of Parthia. Although Gotarzes II was a son of Artabanus III, it is unknown whether he was a biological or adoptive son. Josephus calls Gotarzes II the brother of Vologases I. Tacitus, on the other hand, does not explicitly describe Gotarzes II as a son of Artabanus III. However, he refers to him as a Parthian usurper who was responsible for the murder of his brother, Artabanus, and his family.

paragraph: The Roman sources are obscure on his background; however, other surviving evidence reveals a lot more about the origins of Gotarzes II. An inscription on a rock relief that was discovered by Rawlinson at Sarpul-I-Zohab on a main road in Iranian Kurdistan introduces him as "Gotarzes, son of Gev". From this inscription, it has been surmised that Gotarzes II was the son of a Hyrcanian nobleman called Gev who served as satrap in that region. Later, he was adopted by Artabanus III during his exile in recognition of a debt that his father owed Artabanus. When Gotarzes II later took the throne, he referred to himself as a son of Artabanus III, as evidenced by a surviving coin bearing the legend: "Arsaces, king of kings, called Gotarzes, son of Artabanos".

paragraph: Section::::Kingship.

paragraph: Gotarzes II made himself detested by his cruelty: among many other murders he even slew his brother Artabanus and his whole family. When Vardanes I regained the throne, Gotarzes II fled to Hyrcania and gathered an army from the Dahae nomads. The war between the two kings was at last ended by a treaty, as both were afraid of the conspiracies of their nobles. Gotarzes II returned to Hyrcania and, when Vardanes I was killed in about 47, Gotzares II was acknowledged as king throughout the empire. Gotarzes II then added to his coins the usual Parthian titles, "king of kings Arsaces the benefactor, the just, the illustrious ("Epiphanes"), the friend of the Hellenes ("Philhellen")", without mentioning his proper name.

paragraph: The discontent excited by his cruelty and luxury induced his opponents to apply to the Roman emperor Claudius to release from Rome an Arsacid prince, Meherdates, who lived there as hostage. Meherdates crossed the Euphrates in 49, but was beaten and taken prisoner by Gotarzes II, who cut off his ears.

paragraph: Soon afterwards Gotarzes II died--according to Tacitus, of an illness, although Josephus says that he was murdered. His last coin is dated from June 51. Gotarzes II was succeeded briefly by his uncle Vonones II and then by the latter's son, Vologases I.

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: Gotarzes II is unfavorably portrayed in Robert Graves' novel Claudius the God. Gotarzes is presented as a cruel tyrant. The gravest of insults lobbed by Claudius against Gortazes is that he was idolized by Caligula, and was a close advisor of the mad Roman Emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Josephus, "Antiquities of the Jews", xx, 3-4

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tacitus, "Annals", xi, 8, 9; xii, 10

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Verstandig, History of the Parthian Empire (-250 – 227), The Scream History Edition (Belgium), 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ptolemaic Genealogy: Tryphaena

wikidata_label: Gotarzes II of Parthia

wikipedia_title: Gotarzes II of Parthia


text:
Vologases I
Parthian Empire
Ecbatana
Tacitus
Annals
xiii, 7

categories: 58 deaths,1st-century monarchs in the Middle East,Parthian kings,Year of birth unknown,1st-century Iranian people

paragraph: Vardanes II

paragraph: Vardanes II of Parthia was the son of Vologases I and briefly ruler of part of the Parthian Empire. He rebelled against his father from about 55 to 58 CE and must have occupied Ecbatana, since he issued coins from the mint there, bearing the likeness of a young beardless king wearing a diadem with five pendants. Nothing more about him is known.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tacitus, "Annals", xiii, 7.

description: Parthian king

wikidata_label: Vardanes II of Parthia

wikipedia_title: Vardanes II


text:
Parthian Empire
Vologases I of Parthia
Parthian
Greek
Pacorus II of Parthia
Vologases III of Parthia

categories: 1st-century monarchs in the Middle East,80 deaths,Parthian kings,Year of birth unknown,Iranian people of Greek descent,1st-century Iranian people

paragraph: Vologases II of Parthia

paragraph: Vologases II of Parthia () ruled the Parthian Empire from about 77 to 80. Little is known about him. Vologases II was the son of Vologases I of Parthia and was of mixed Parthian and Greek ancestry. It seems that Vologases II was defeated and deposed by his uncle, Pacorus II of Parthia (ruled c. 78–105). His son was Vologases III of Parthia.

wikidata_label: Vologases II of Parthia

wikipedia_title: Vologases II of Parthia


text:
Parthian Empire
Vonones II
Greek
concubine
Iranian
Atropatene
Pacorus I
Vologases I
Alans
North Caucasus
Vologases II
Cassius Dio
Osroene
Abgar VII
Ammianus Marcellinus
Ctesiphon
Dacian
Decebalus
Han Dynasty
China
Parthia
Artabanus IV
Vologases III
Osroes I
Axidares (Ashkhadar)
Parthamasiris (Partamasir)
Armenia
Meredates
Characene
Cassius Dio
Ammianus Marcellinus

categories: 105 deaths,1st-century monarchs in the Middle East,1st-century Iranian people,Parthian kings,Year of birth unknown,Rulers of Media Atropatene,2nd-century Iranian people,2nd-century monarchs in the Middle East

paragraph: Pacorus II

paragraph: Pacorus II (, flourished 1st century & first half of second century) was king of the Parthian Empire from 78 to 105.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Pacorus II was the son of Vonones II and a Greek concubine, thus making him of mixed Iranian and Greek ancestry. Pacorus II was born and raised during his father’s kingship of Atropatene. He was the namesake of Pacorus I (d. 38 BC).

paragraph: Section::::Rule in Atropatene.

paragraph: When Pacorus II's father died in 51, his brother Vologases I succeeded his father as Parthian King. Vologases I gave Pacorus II their paternal dominion, the Kingdom of Atropatene, which he ruled from 51 until 78. Little is known of his reign, except that, in 72, a group of Alans invaded his kingdom and forced him to flee into the mountains. The Alans, after having gained a lot of booty by plundering Atropatene and neighboring countries such as Armenia, quickly withdrew back to their steppes in the North Caucasus. Pacorus shortly returned to Atropatene.

paragraph: After the death of Vologases I, Pacorus II revolted against his nephew Vologases II (ca. 78–80) who was his father’s successor. After Pacorus II defeated Vologases II, he had him deposed.

paragraph: Section::::Rule in Persia.

paragraph: According to the Roman Historian Cassius Dio, Pacorus II sold the kingdom of Osroene to Abgar VII, and according to Ammianus Marcellinus he enlarged the Parthian capital Ctesiphon and built its walls. He also had close contact with the Dacian ruler Decebalus, and was in 86 even given a Greek slave named Callidromus as a gift by Decebalus. In 101, Pacorus II sent an embassy to the Han Dynasty of China, the latter which recorded Parthia as the Anxi kingdom.

paragraph: On his numerous coins he always calls himself "Arsaces Pacorus". This mention of his proper name, together with the royal name Arsaces, shows that his kingdom was disputed by rivals. Three of them we know from coins; in addition to Vologases II, they included Artabanus IV, ca. 80–90 and Vologases III, from about 105. Pacorus II died about 105; he was succeeded by his brother Osroes I, who maintained the rivalry with king Vologases III based in East Parthia.

paragraph: Section::::Offspring.

paragraph: By an unknown wife Pacorus II had three sons: Axidares (Ashkhadar), and Parthamasiris (Partamasir), who served as Kings of Armenia, and Meredates, who served as King of Characene in the mid-second century.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crespigny, Rafe de. (2007). "A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD)". Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cassius Dio, lxviii, 17.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ammianus Marcellinus, "Res Gestae", xxiii, 6, 23.

description: Parthian king

wikidata_label: Pacorus II of Parthia

wikipedia_title: Pacorus II


text: Italian

text: Achille Compagnoni

text: the first man to reach the summit of K2

text: Amir Mehdi

text: Walter Bonatti

text: Cortina d'Ampezzo

text: Dolomite

text: Mont Blanc massif

text: Grand Capucin

text: 1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2

text: Ardito Desio

text: Achille Compagnoni

text: Pakistan

text: Hayatullah Khan Durrani

text: Concordia

text: Gianni Alemanno

text: Walter Bonatti

text: Amir Mehdi

text: Lino Lacedelli

text: Lino Lacedelli

text: Italian Legend

categories: People from Cortina d'Ampezzo,2009 deaths,1925 births

paragraph: Lino Lacedelli

paragraph: Lino Lacedelli (4 December 1925 – 20 November 2009) was an Italian mountaineer. Together with Achille Compagnoni, on 31 July 1954 he was the first man to reach the summit of K2. He is also noted for leaving his teammates Amir Mehdi and Walter Bonatti in a life-threatening situation in order to ensure that he reached the summit first.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lacedelli was born in Cortina d'Ampezzo. His climbing career began as a young teenager when he followed a mountain guide up a local summit. He soon came under the tutelage of Luigi 'Bibi' Ghedina, one of the best Dolomite rock climbers of the age. In 1946 he was accepted into the prestigious "Cortina Squirrels" club. Lacedelli was known for fast ascents of difficult routes, including: the "Constantini-Apollonio South Face Direct" (500 m V+ A2) on the Pilastro di Rozes (repeat with Ghedina); the first ascent of the "Southwest Face" of Cima Scotoni (Fanis Group) with Guido Lorenzi; first one-day ascent of the "Solda Route" on the SW Face of the Marmolada di Penia (with Lorenzi); and the fourth ascent of the "Gabriel-Livanos Diedre" on the Cima su Alto with Beniamino Franceschi.

paragraph: In 1951, he achieved international recognition by completing, in the Mont Blanc massif, the second ascent of the "Bonatti-Ghigo" on the east face of the Grand Capucin with Bibi Ghendina in 18-hours, just weeks after the four-day first ascent. Despite his claims, Lino Lacedelli never made the second ascent of the Bonatti-Ghigo road on the Grand Capuchin. The team formed by Robert Paragot and Lucien Berardini made the second climb in 1953. The French mountaineers did not find the equipment supposedly left in place by the repeaters - Lacedelli and Ghedina - to abseil.

paragraph: He became an obvious choice for the 1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2 led by Ardito Desio.

paragraph: With the older and more experienced Achille Compagnoni, Lacedelli was selected for the summit team. They reached the summit to claim the first ascent via the "Abruzzi Ridge" on 31 July 1954. The summit was not reached again until 1977.

paragraph: Section::::After K2.

paragraph: Lacedelli ran the outdoor shop "K2 Sports" in Cortina, trekked to K2 Base Camp in 2004. In 2005, he was awarded Italy's highest honour, Knight of the Grand Cross. He died aged 83 on 20 November 2009 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, in the house he had lived his entire life. For appreciation of Italian Expedition and Delegates he arrived Pakistan for participation in celebration of K2 Golden Jubilee ceremony, Alpine Club of Pakistan Islamabad marked a friendship expedition headed by Hayatullah Khan Durrani founder of Chiltan Adventurers Association Balochistan as chief of the Pakistan National mountaineering team to represent Pakistan in Golden Jubilee ceremony of k2 mount at Concordia and K2 base camp on 30.31 July 2004 organized by the Government of Italy under the leadership of Gianni Alemanno Italian Minister of Agriculture Gerygory Alemano and Lino Lacedelli, on the eve of this great ceremony Mehar Dill Khan Baabai of Chiltan Adventurers was world's first 12-year mountaineer who reached to the K2 base.

paragraph: Section::::K2 controversy.

paragraph: While Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni were celebrated as national heroes, Walter Bonatti accused Lacedelli and Compagnoni of having abandoned him and Amir Mehdi to an open bivouac just below high camp. In 1954, Bonatti was an ambitious 24-year-old member of the expedition. Bonatti and local porter Amir Mehdi, were carrying spare oxygen bottles up to Lacedelli and Compagnoni for a summit push from Camp IX, the final camp. The high camp was further away than Bonatti and Mehdi had expected and night fell before they reached it. Bonatti and Mehdi survived a bivouac at 8100 m, but Mehdi lost all toes on both feet to frostbite.

paragraph: Back at home, the summit team not only denied all charges, but Compagnoni counter-attacked Bonatti, accusing him of trying to sabotage their summit push and steal the top for himself. Bonatti, who made the first ascent of Gasherbrum IV in 1958, was ostracised from the climbing community and in 1965 gave up mountaineering.

paragraph: In 1995, Bonatti published "The Mountains of My Life", an autobiography with stories about the expedition of 1954. Bonatti displays proof of his innocence, including a photograph of Lacedelli and Compagnoni wearing oxygen masks on the summit.

paragraph: Section::::Lacedelli speaks up.

paragraph: Lacedelli remained silent about the K2 events until 2004, when he published his book "K2: The Price of Conquest". His version was as follows: on the night before the first ascent of K2, Bonatti and Mehdi had to endure a freezing, storm-swept bivouac high on the Shoulder of K2, while their companions Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli spent the night in a tent literally within hailing distance. As agreed beforehand, Bonatti and Mehdi had carried the oxygen bottles for the summit team who were waiting for them in Camp IX. But the top camp was placed in a higher location than Bonatti had expected, and when they couldn’t find the tent, they were forced to bivouac at 8100 meters.

paragraph: Ten years after the ascent, mountaineering journalist Nino Giglio published newspaper articles based on interviews with Compagnoni and the expedition’s Pakistani liaison officer Colonel Ata-Ullah. It was claimed that Bonatti had tried to beat Lacedelli and Compagnoni to the summit, that he used oxygen during his bivouac that caused the summiteers supply to run out early, and that Bonatti had deserted Mehdi and so was responsible for his frostbite and subsequent amputations. These accusations prompted Bonatti to file and win a libel suit against Giglio and the newspaper (the damages were donated to an orphanage). Bonatti easily proved that he couldn’t have used the oxygen, as he didn’t have the masks or tubing, just the bottles. One aspect of the libel case was embarrassing to Bonatti: his lawyer tracked down Amir Mehdi in Hunza, bringing him to Gilgit District Court for deposition. Mehdi was asked about the bivouac and his testimony supported at least one of Compagnoni's assertions – Bonatti had been scheming to supplant Compagnoni on the summit team, and had promised Mehdi they would spend the night in Camp 9's tent and continue to the summit, regardless of Compagnoni's objections. Bonatti wanted to try to summit K2 without the use of supplemental oxygen. However, Mehdi denied that Bonatti abandoned him or used the summit team's oxygen. He also believed that if they had used oxygen during the bivouac, he could have saved his toes.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ascent of K2: Second Highest Peak in the World", Ardito Desio (David Moore, trans), Elek Books, 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "K2. Storia di un caso", Walter Bonatti.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "K2. La verità. 1954–2004", Walter Bonatti, 2005, Baldini Castoldi Dalai editore. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "K2. Lies and Treachery", Robert Marshall, 2009, Carreg Ltd. UK. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lino Lacedelli – Daily Telegraph obituary

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lino Lacedelli – British Mountaineering Council Obituary

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italian Legend – Rock and Ice Obituary

description: Italian mountain climber

wikidata_label: Lino Lacedelli

wikipedia_title: Lino Lacedelli


text: Canadian

text: civil engineer

text: economist

text: Hungary

text: 1956 Hungarian Revolution

text: Szepes County

text: World War II

text: Switzerland

text: Lausanne

text: University of Szeged

text: Budapest Technical University

text: 1956 Hungarian Revolution

text: Montreal

text: Tour Montparnasse

text: Paris

text: Expo 1967

text: Montreal

text: Moscow

text: Ryerson University

text: York University

text: University of Toronto

text: Vari Hall

text: Ryerson University

text: Security Intelligence Review Committee

text: Queen's Privy Council for Canada

text: The Honourable

text: Order of Canada

text: Legion d'Honneur

text: Hungarian Canadians

categories: Legion of Honour recipients,2010 deaths,Canadian philanthropists,Members of the Order of Canada,Hungarian emigrants to Canada,Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada,1923 births

paragraph: George Vari

paragraph: George William Vari, (August 14, 1923 – December 9, 2010) was a Canadian real estate developer and philanthropist. Trained as a civil engineer and economist in Hungary, he immigrated to Canada after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.

paragraph: George Vari was born in Szepes County, Hungary, to lawyer Istvan Vari and Ida Vari in 1923. During World War II, George was able to flee to Switzerland in 1940, and he studied in Lausanne. After the war, he returned to Hungary and attended the University of Szeged and Budapest Technical University.

paragraph: Following the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, Vari left Hungary in 1957 and settled in Montreal. Vari had met Helen de Fabinyi in Hungary in 1950, and they were later married in Montreal in 1967.

paragraph: Vari made his fortune in international real estate development, which included building the Tour Montparnasse in Paris, six of the pavilions at Expo 1967 in Montreal, and Moscow's Hotel Cosmos.

paragraph: He was renowned for his outstanding record in philanthropy, particularly in the field of educational institutions, making significant endowments to Ryerson University, York University and the University of Toronto. York's Vari Hall is named after him, as are various scholarships and awards at these institutions.

paragraph: Ryerson University renamed its Centre for Computing and Engineering (completed in 2004) to the George Vari Engineering and Computing Centre, following a $5 million donation in 2005. Vari and his wife operated the "George and Helen Vari Foundation" as a vehicle for much of their charitable works in Canada and internationally.

paragraph: In 1992, Vari was named to the Security Intelligence Review Committee. As a result, he became a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada and was entitled to be addressed as "The Honourable George Vari" for life. He was also named to the Order of Canada in 1989. In addition, both he and his wife were appointed to France's Legion d'Honneur.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hungarian Canadians

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philanthropist George Vari was a major York supporter

description: Canadian philanthropist

wikidata_label: George Vari

wikipedia_title: George Vari


text:
Parthian
Arrian
Arsaces I
Parthia
Seleucid empire
Ptolemy III
Seleucus II
Antiochus Hierax
Macedon
Tiridates II of Parthia
Arrian
Photius
Syncellus
Isidorus of Charax
Strabo
Junianus Justinus

categories: Parthian kings,Year of birth unknown,211 BC deaths,3rd-century BC Iranian people,3rd-century BC rulers

paragraph: Tiridates I of Parthia

paragraph: Tiridates or Teridates or Tirdad or تیرداد Parthian:𐭕𐭉𐭓𐭉𐭃𐭕 (Tīridāt) is a Persian name, given by Arrian in his "Parthica" to the brother of Arsaces I, the founder of the Parthian kingdom, whom he is said to have succeeded in about 246 BC. But Arrian’s account seems to be quite unhistorical and modern historians believe that Arsaces continued to rule Parthia until 211 BC.

paragraph: In Arrian's account, Tiridates maintained himself for a short time in Parthia, during the dissolution of the Seleucid empire by the attacks of Ptolemy III in 246 BC and the following years. Tiridates was defeated and expelled by Seleucus II in about 238 BC. But when Seleucus was forced, by the rebellion of his brother, Antiochus Hierax, to return to the west, Tiridates came back and defeated the Macedonians. Tiridates adopted the name of his brother Arsaces, and after him all the other Parthian kings.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tiridates II of Parthia is called "Tiridates I" in accounts that omit the earlier Tiridates.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arrian, "Parthica" (preserved by Photius and Syncellus); "Syrica", 65 (preserved by Isidorus of Charax).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strabo xi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Junianus Justinus, "Historiarum Philippicarum", xli, 4.

description: Parthian King

wikidata_label: Tiridates I of Parthia

wikipedia_title: Tiridates I of Parthia


text: figure skater

text: Asian Figure Skating Trophy

text: North Korean national

text: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Vancouver

text: British Columbia

text: 2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony

text: Supreme People's Assembly

text: Junior Grand Prix

categories: Olympic figure skaters of North Korea,Sportspeople from Pyongyang,Figure skaters at the 2007 Asian Winter Games,1986 births,Figure skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics,North Korean figure skaters,Figure skaters at the 2011 Asian Winter Games,Living people,Figure skaters at the 2003 Asian Winter Games

paragraph: Ri Song-chol

paragraph: Ri Song-chol (born April 5, 1986) is a North Korean former competitive figure skater and politician. He is the 2008 Asian Figure Skating Trophy champion and a five-time North Korean national champion (2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010). He competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

paragraph: Ri was the flag bearer for North Korea at the 2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony.

paragraph: Ri was elected to North Korea's Supreme People's Assembly in the 2009 North Korean parliamentary election, representing the 418th Electoral District. He did not renew his seat in the following elections.

paragraph: Section::::Competitive highlights.

paragraph: "JGP: Junior Grand Prix"

description: figure skater

wikidata_label: Ri Song Chol

wikipedia_title: Ri Song-chol


text:
Jars of Clay
Rochester, New York
McQuaid Jesuit High School
Greenville College
Toad the Wet Sprocket
Dan Haseltine
Steve Mason
Jars of Clay
Matt Bronleewe
Frail
Matt Odmark
Much Afraid

categories: American performers of Christian music,Christian music songwriters,Jars of Clay members,American male pianists,Musicians from Rochester, New York,American rock pianists,Living people,1973 births

paragraph: Charlie Lowell

paragraph: Charlie Lowell (born Charles Daniel Lowell on October 21, 1973) is an American pianist most known for being the pianist and keyboardist for Christian alternative folk rock group Jars of Clay.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lowell was raised in Rochester, New York, where he attended McQuaid Jesuit High School. Lowell attended Greenville College as a musical studies major. While there, Lowell spotted another student wearing a T-shirt for the band Toad the Wet Sprocket. He introduced himself to this man whose name was Dan Haseltine, who was also studying music at Greenville. The two began making music with guitarist Steve Mason and eventually formed the band Jars of Clay.

paragraph: The group added a fourth member, Matt Bronleewe, after a short while, as an additional guitarist. The group recorded an EP entitled "Frail" in 1994. As the EP gained momentum, the group decided to leave college without graduating to pursue their musical career. As Bronleewe wanted to complete his education, he left the band. Lowell then recruited his friend and McQuaid High School classmate Matt Odmark as the new guitarist. While different drummers and bassists have rotated in and out, Haseltine, Lowell, Mason, and Odmark have remained the four members of Jars of Clay.

paragraph: In 2001, Lowell and the rest of Jars of Clay were awarded honorary graduations from Greenville College due to their demonstrated understanding of their craft.

paragraph: Also of note, Lowell is a descendant of Mayflower Pilgrims Myles Standish and John Alden.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Charlie Lowell married Sonja Grifith just after the release of Jars of Clay's second album "Much Afraid". They have three boys; Micah, Asher and Finn. They had a beautiful dog Scout who passed away in 2018. They now own a dog named River.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Charlie Lowell

wikipedia_title: Charlie Lowell


text:
Russian
Israel
linguist
educator
writer
translator
Bialik Prize for Jewish Thought
Minsk Governorate
Volozhin yeshiva
pedagogics
Vilna
emigrated
Palestine
Jaffa
Mikveh Israel
Beirut
Anglo-Palestine Bank

categories: 1862 births,1950 deaths,English–Hebrew translators

paragraph: Yehuda Gur

paragraph: Yehuda Gur (; 31 December 1862 – 21 January 1950), born Yehuda Leib Grozovski () was a Russian-born Israeli linguist, educator, writer, and translator. He received the Bialik Prize for Jewish Thought in 1946.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Yehuda Grozovski was born in Pogost, Minsk Governorate, in 1862. After having attended the Volozhin yeshiva, Grozovski studied pedagogics in the Institute for Hebrew Teachers at Vilna. At age 27, he emigrated to Palestine, teaching Hebrew in various places; in 1896, he received an appointment as a teacher of Hebrew in the agricultural school of Jaffa. Three years later, he moved to Mikveh Israel, and filled the same office there.

paragraph: He moved to Beirut in 1906, where he worked for the Anglo-Palestine Bank. He returned to Jaffa in 1911 to become the manager of the bank's branch there. He retained this position until 1929.

alias:
Goor, Yehudah
Grazovski, Yehuda
Grazowski, Jehudah
Gur, Yehudah

wikidata_label: Yehuda Gur

wikipedia_title: Yehuda Gur