text: rower

text: Jesus College Boat Club

text: Cambridge University

text: Thames Rowing Club

text: London Rowing Club

text: Head of the River Race

text: Toorak

text: Melbourne

text: Australia

text: Victorian

text: Wesley College, Melbourne

text: Geelong Grammar School

text: Australian rules football

text: cricket

text: Jesus College, Cambridge

text: Cambridge

text: Boat Race

text: Jesus College Boat Club

text: bumps race

text: Henley Royal Regatta

text: Grand Challenge Cup

text: London

text: Ned Hanlan

text: iconoclast

text: head race

text: Head of the River Race

text: The Championship Course

text: River Thames

text: London

text: River Cam

text: The Fairbairn Cup

text: London

text: James Quinn

text: Ian Fairbairn

text: unit trust

text: George Eric Fairbairn

text: Putney

text: Hammersmith

text: Putney

text: the Boat Race

text: Wingfield Sculls

text: Ian Fairbairn

text: 1924 Summer Olympics

text: Sydney Fairbairn

categories: Australian male rowers,Cambridge University Boat Club rowers,People educated at Geelong Grammar School,Stewards of Henley Royal Regatta,1862 births,1938 deaths,British male rowers,Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge,Rowing coaches

paragraph: Steve Fairbairn

paragraph: Steve Fairbairn (25 August 1862 – 16 May 1938) was a rower and an influential rowing coach at Jesus College Boat Club, Cambridge University, Thames Rowing Club and London Rowing Club in the early decades of the 20th century, and founded the prestigious Head of the River Race in 1925.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Fairbairn was born in Toorak, Melbourne, Australia the son of George Fairbairn (1815–1895), an early Victorian pioneer. Fairbairn was educated at Wesley College, Melbourne, and Geelong Grammar School, where he was regarded a good Australian rules footballer and cricketer.

paragraph: Section::::Rowing career.

paragraph: While reading Law at Jesus College, Cambridge, Fairbairn rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race, in 1882, 1883, 1886 and 1887. He also raced regularly with Jesus College Boat Club, with success in the Cambridge University bumps races and Henley Royal Regatta, where they won the Grand Challenge Cup. He also won the hammer throwing and putting the weight at the Freshmen's sports. He later rowed with Thames Rowing Club in London.

paragraph: Section::::Fairbairnism.

paragraph: Fairbairn was an early proponent of training his crews to slide in their seats to facilitate leg-drive. He had realised that the secret to world-champion sculler Ned Hanlan's uncanny successes was not that he rowed a longer stroke, but rather that he used his legs to great effect during the stroke. He was also an advocate of fitting longer slides into boats to better allow the use of the legs. Fairbairn's observations led him to develop a revolutionary rowing style featuring concurrent use of the legs, back and arms at the catch.

paragraph: He also coached that crews should not focus unduly on positioning their bodies according to rigid rules but should instead concentrate on the movement of the blade, creating an easy, flowing movement. His philosophy was that rowing, when done well, should be a sublimely enjoyable experience.

paragraph: All of these features of his coaching are referred to as "Fairbairnism". There is continuing debate among rowing coaches and historians as to whether Fairbairnism better describes a style of rowing or philosophy of coaching.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: Fairbairn was an iconoclast with strong views and great charisma. Opinions of him and his methods tended to be extreme. Fairbairn corresponded widely and wrote four volumes on coaching, and his views were therefore adopted by many coaches across the globe. In the 1920s and 1930s, many coaches followed his lead completely. However, others felt Fairbairnism to be anathema to the principles of the "English Orthodox" style. To those observers, Fairbairn's crews rowed sloppily. The schism between "Orthodoxy" and "Fairbairnism" had largely disappeared from rowing by the 1940s. Fairbairn's books were collected, and reprinted in 1951 and again in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Distance training and head racing.

paragraph: Fairbairn was a strong believer in the benefits of distance training; part of his philosophy was that "mileage makes champions". As such he developed the concept of the head race, a long-distance race against the clock to mark the end of winter training, thus encouraging crews to train over longer distances.

paragraph: In 1926 he founded the Head of the River Race, for men's eights held annually since on The Championship Course on the River Thames in London. Similarly he donated a trophy for a head race to be held annually on the River Cam. "The Fairbairn Cup" (known colloquially as "Fairbairns") is the annual race held on the first Thursday and Friday after the end of the University of Cambridge's Michaelmas Full Term (typically early in December). The race is organised by Jesus College Boat Club in Cambridge.

paragraph: Section::::Memorial.

paragraph: Fairbairn died in London, 16 May 1938. His ashes rest beneath the shadow of Jesus College chapel. A portrait by James Quinn hangs in the college. A duplicate of the Quinn portrait hangs in Thames Rowing Club's Putney clubhouse.

paragraph: Fairbairn married Eleanor Sharwood, daughter of Sydney Sharwood, on 18 November 1891 at Toorak, Melbourne, Victoria. They had two sons of whom Ian Fairbairn was an Olympic rower and financier who originated the unit trust. Fairbairn was also the uncle of George Eric Fairbairn who won a silver medal in the 1908 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: A memorial to Fairbairn is situated on the southern bank of the Thames between Putney and Hammersmith. This memorial, a stone obelisk popularly known as the Mile Post, is exactly one mile from the Putney end of the Championship Course. In the Boat Race and Wingfield Sculls, the Mile Post is a formal intermediate timing point, and it marks one mile from the finish of the Head of the River Race.

paragraph: A bronze bust of Fairbairn by George Drinkwater is the winner's trophy for the Head of the River Race. In 2010 Fairbairn was inducted into the Rowing Victoria Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Fairbairn married Eleanor Sharwood, and their eldest son Ian Fairbairn was a financier who competed as a rower in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Their second son, Sydney Fairbairn, was a cricketer and British Army officer.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rowing Notes", 1926.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slowly Forward", 1929.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Some Secrets of Successful Rowing", 1930.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fairbairn of Jesus" (autobiography), 1931.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chats on Rowing", 1934.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Cambridge University Boat Race crews

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Additional sources listed by the "Australian Dictionary of Biography":

description: British-Australian rower and rowing coach

wikidata_label: Steve Fairbairn

wikipedia_title: Steve Fairbairn


text:
English literature
Faculté de Lettres
Lille
dean
literary critic
Sorbonne
Hippolyte Taine
Robert Burns
Dunkerque
Nord
Boulogne-sur-Mer
École Normale Supérieure
Lycée Louis-le-Grand
Paris
Franco-Prussian War
Lyon
Bordeaux
Commune
agrégation
Lycée Charlemagne
Douai
Lille
Robert Burns
John Keats
agrégation
dean
École Normale Supérieure
Boulogne-sur-Mer

wikipedia_title: Charles de Gaulle University – Lille III

categories: 19th-century French poets,French academics,French male poets,People from Dunkirk,French literary critics,1848 births,Université Lille Nord de France faculty,1911 deaths,19th-century French male writers

paragraph: Auguste Angellier

paragraph: Auguste Angellier (1 July 1848 – 28 February 1911) was the first teacher of language and English literature at the Faculté de Lettres of Lille, before becoming its dean from 1897 to 1900. A literary critic and historian of literature, he was also a poet, and made sensation at the Sorbonne attacking the theories of Hippolyte Taine in his thesis about Robert Burns in 1893.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Auguste Angellier was born on 1 July 1848 in Dunkerque in the department of Nord, to a carpenter father and a secretary mother. He was educated in Boulogne-sur-Mer after the precocious death of his father. His attachment to this town had never denied. He then prepared the contest of the École Normale Supérieure at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris in 1866. During the written and oral test of the exam, he was rejected from the high school by the head teacher who considers him, wrongly by others, as a leader of a rebellion movement concerning the bad quality of the food. This disastrous episode of his education forced him to leave to England, due to a lack of financial resources, where he received a job offer of a teacher in a small boarding school.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.:Early career and later training.

paragraph: Engaged as a volunteer during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, he moved to Lyon and then to Bordeaux. A serious breathing infection forced him to go back to Paris, during the Commune, and at the end of the war, he was named repeater at the Lycée Louis-Descartes. He was finally allowed to enter in the Instruction Publique. He graduated soon after.

paragraph: Accepted at a certificate for English teaching, two years later, he taught as a repeater for three years, a required period at that time before registering to prepare the agrégation. He graduated with this contest at the age of 28, and taught right after at the Lycée Charlemagne in Paris, until his departure to England in 1878.

paragraph: Section::::Biography and career.:Poetry and English teaching.

paragraph: Angellier cultivated numerous literary friendships, and developed his sensitivity as a poet. His reputation came better in his academic work than in his poetry work. Until that period, he hesitated between journalism and teaching, but this leave just accorded to him permitted him to become interested at the reform project in the study of modern languages in France, through the study of the system in the English universities.

paragraph: In 1881, a job of Maître de conférences in Douai, gave him the opportunity of a brilliant career as an English teacher (the Faculté de Lettres of Douai was transferred to Lille in 1887). Twelve years later, he made two thesis, each one dedicated to a poet : the major thesis to Scottish poet Robert Burns, and an additional thesis to John Keats, entirely written in Latin. Even the quotations of the poems by Keats were written in Latin.

paragraph: Since then, Angellier held the title of professor. He was also the president of the jury at the agrégation of English from 1890 to 1904, and since February 1897, he became the dean with several responsibilities. In 1902, he returned as a Maître de conférences at the École Normale Supérieure and went back to Lille in 1904.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Auguste Angellier died on February 28, 1911 in Boulogne-sur-Mer.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site of the Bibliothèque Angellier

description: French educator

wikidata_label: Auguste Angellier

wikipedia_title: Auguste Angellier


text:
Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville Museum of Art
Westwood
National Register of Historic Places
Jefferson County, Tennessee
Crescent Bend
Kingston Pike
Bleak House
Anne W. Armstrong
East Tennessee Female Institute
Mary Boyce Temple
Baltimore
Mary Baldwin College
Staunton, Virginia
Corcoran Gallery
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Market Square
Lloyd Branson
Catherine Wiley
Joseph Knaffl
George Franklin Barber
National Conservation Exposition
hollyhocks
South
Tennessee State Museum
cathedral
skylight

wikipedia_title:
Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville Museum of Art
Westwood (Knoxville, Tennessee)
National Register of Historic Places
Jefferson County, Tennessee
Crescent Bend
Kingston Pike
Bleak House (Knoxville, Tennessee)
Anne W. Armstrong
East Tennessee Female Institute
Mary Boyce Temple
Baltimore
Mary Baldwin University
Staunton, Virginia
Corcoran Gallery of Art
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Market Square, Knoxville
Lloyd Branson
Catherine Wiley
Joseph Knaffl
George Franklin Barber
National Conservation Exposition
Alcea
Southern United States
Tennessee State Museum
Cathedral
Skylight

categories: People from Knoxville, Tennessee,20th-century American painters,Painters from Tennessee,American women painters,People from Jefferson County, Tennessee,1931 deaths,19th-century American women artists,Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni,Mary Baldwin University alumni,20th-century American women artists,19th-century American painters,1859 births

paragraph: Adelia Armstrong Lutz

paragraph: Adelia Armstrong Lutz (; June 25, 1859 – November 17, 1931) was an American artist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. She organized art circles in Knoxville, Tennessee, as director of the Knoxville Art Club and as a co-organizer of the Nicholson Art League. Her still lifes and portraits were exhibited throughout the American South, and they are to be the subject of a permanent exhibit by the Knoxville Museum of Art at her former home.

paragraph: Lutz's home in Knoxville, Westwood, has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Lutz was born Adelia Ann Armstrong at the home of her maternal grandparents in Jefferson County, Tennessee. She was the daughter of Robert and Louise (Franklin) Armstrong, and granddaughter of Drury Armstrong, an early Knoxville landowner whose house, Crescent Bend, still stands on Kingston Pike. She spent her childhood in the antebellum mansion built by her father, Bleak House. Lutz was a sister-in-law of novelist Anne W. Armstrong (1872–1958), who married Lutz's brother, Robert Franklin Armstrong, in 1905.

paragraph: Lutz attended the East Tennessee Female Institute in Knoxville in the early 1870s, where she was a classmate of future Knoxville philanthropist Mary Boyce Temple. She later attended the Southern Home School in Baltimore and Augusta Seminary (Mary Baldwin College) in Staunton, Virginia. She continued her art training at the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D.C., and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia. During this period, she toured Europe.

paragraph: After returning to Knoxville, Lutz taught painting out of a studio located in the Kern Building on Market Square. She married entrepreneur John Edwin Lutz (1854–1920) in a large ceremony at Knoxville's Second Presbyterian Church on February 10, 1886. Their home, Westwood, which stands on land given to Lutz by her father, was completed in 1890. The house's design incorporated a studio and gallery for Lutz, which she would often open to visitors in subsequent years. The Lutzes had two children, Louise Lutz Holloway and Edwin Rowland Lutz.

paragraph: Lutz was a director of the Knoxville Art Club and an inaugural member of its successor, the Nicholson Art League. This League included among its members painters Lloyd Branson, Catherine Wiley, and Charles Krutch, photographer Joseph Knaffl, and architect George Franklin Barber. Lutz posed for one of Branson's earliest portraits in 1878, and her studio was photographed by his partner, Frank B. McCrary, in the late 1880s. Lutz's painting, "Motherless," was exhibited at the Tennessee Centennial Exposition in Nashville in 1897, and she and several other Nicholson members exhibited work at a Richmond Art Club exposition in Virginia in 1902. Lutz helped organize the art displays at the Appalachian expositions of 1910 and 1911, and she was on the Executive Board of the Art Department for the National Conservation Exposition in 1913.

paragraph: Lutz continued painting until her death in 1931. She was initially buried in Knoxville's New Gray Cemetery, but was later reinterred at Highland Memorial Cemetery off Kingston Pike. Lutz's home, Westwood, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Her granddaughter, Cecil Holloway Matheny, resided at the house until her death in 2009 at the age of 97. Lutz's studio within the house remains much as Lutz left it, and at the time of Matheny's death still contained some of Lutz's unfinished paintings.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: While Lutz occasionally painted portraits (especially of her children) and landscapes, her favorite subject matter was flowers, especially hollyhocks, which she also grew in her garden at Westwood. Her works were exhibited at expositions throughout the South, and occasionally won various awards. Her paintings are currently part of the collections of the Knoxville Museum of Art, the East Tennessee History Center, and the Tennessee State Museum. The Knoxville Museum of Art is planning a permanent exhibit featuring Lutz's work as part of preservation efforts at Westwood.

paragraph: Lutz did much of her work in her studio in Westwood. The studio consists of one long room resembling a cathedral, with a high ceiling and skylights. The walls are painted in Lutz's preferred color of red. The studio's fireplace contains tiles painted with the portraits of Lutz's favorite authors.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelia Lutz – entries at the Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection

description: American painter

wikidata_label: Adelia Armstrong Lutz

wikipedia_title: Adelia Armstrong Lutz


text:
Almelo
Amsterdam
August Allebé
Pierre Cuypers
Pulchri studio
Arti et Amicitiae
Arti et Amicitiae
Paris salon
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Artnet

wikipedia_title:
Almelo
Amsterdam
August Allebé
Pierre Cuypers
Pulchri Studio
Arti et Amicitiae
Arti et Amicitiae
Salon (Paris)
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Artnet

categories: 19th-century Dutch painters,People from Almelo,20th-century Dutch painters,Dutch male painters,1933 deaths,1866 births

paragraph: Arnold Marc Gorter

paragraph: Arnold Marc Gorter (1866, Almelo – 1933, Amsterdam), was a 19th-century landscape painter from the Northern Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to the RKD he was a pupil of August Allebé and Pierre Cuypers at the Rijksnormaalschool voor Teekenonderwijzers in Amsterdam in 1888, and the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten there in (1889-1891). He was a member of the Pulchri studio and Arti et Amicitiae. A president of the artists' association Arti et Amicitiae, he was a favorite of the Dutch Queen Wilhelmina.

paragraph: Gorter is known for landscapes and won a gold medal at the Paris salon in 1910. In 1922 he accompanied Wilhelmina of the Netherlands on a trip to Norway as her painting teacher. Other less famous pupils of Gorter were Marinus Bies, Carel Lodewijk Dake, his niece Hinke Gorter, Maria Elisabeth van Hengel, Albertus Gerhard Hulshoff Pol, Johan Meijer(1885-1970), Leendert Johan Muller, and Henri van Os-Delhez.

paragraph: Section::::Works of Art.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Brook In A Forest

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Cowherdress With Her Cattle

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Forest Pond

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Moonlit Winterlandscape

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Mother and Child Strolling Along a Waterway

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Stream in Snow Covered Woods

paragraph: BULLET::::- A View of the Vordense Beek

paragraph: BULLET::::- A View of the Vordense Beek 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- An Autumn Landscape, Vordense Beek

paragraph: BULLET::::- An Autumn Landscape 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- An Orchard in Spring

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autumn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birch Trees in Autumn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birches Along the Vordense Beek

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birches in Autumn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brook in a Forest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canal Landscape With Trees

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cows Grazing Along a Stream

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cows Grazing By A Stream In A Wooded Landscape

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cows Grazing Near the Vordense Beek

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cows in a Forest Landscape

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cows in a Sunny Autumn Landscape

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cows on a Birchpath

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ducks in a Meadow, in Spring

paragraph: BULLET::::- Early Spring

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herfstgoud Beech Trees in Autumn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Homeward Bound

paragraph: BULLET::::- Homeward Bound in Winter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leading the Cattle Along a Country Track

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sheep in a Sunny Autumn Landscape

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vordense Beek

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vordense Beek 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vordense Beek 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vordense Beek 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vordense Beek 5

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vordense Beek 6

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vordense Beek in Autumn

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vordense Beek in Autumn 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vordense Beek in Winter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vordense Beek Cows in a Meadow Near a Stream

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnold Marc Gorter on Artnet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crocker Art Museum

alias:
Arnold Gorter
Gorter
A.M. Gorter

description: 19th century painter from the Northern Netherlands

wikidata_label: Arnold Marc Gorter

wikipedia_title: Arnold Marc Gorter


text:
Methodist
Quaker
Sheffield
Church of England
John Wesley
Chesterfield
Alexander Kilham
Methodist New Connexion
Nottingham
Epworth
Society of Friends
Sierra Leone
Tottenham
Jaloof (Wolof)
Mandingo (Mandinka)
William Allen
Luke Howard
the Gambia
Sierra Leone
Spitalfields
Thomas Hodgkin
famine relief
Free Town
Banjul
Liberia
Monrovia
Joseph Lancaster

wikipedia_title:
Methodism
Quakers
Sheffield
Church of England
John Wesley
Chesterfield
Alexander Kilham
Methodist New Connexion
Nottingham
Epworth, Lincolnshire
Quakers
Sierra Leone
Tottenham
Wolof language
Mandinka language
William Allen (Quaker)
Luke Howard
The Gambia
Sierra Leone
Spitalfields
Thomas Hodgkin
Famine relief
Freetown
Banjul
Liberia
Monrovia
Joseph Lancaster

categories: Wesleyan Methodists,Linguists from England,Protestant missionaries in Sierra Leone,Quaker missionaries,Protestant missionaries in the Gambia,1774 births,English Protestant missionaries,English Quakers,People from Sheffield,1832 deaths,English educators

paragraph: Hannah Kilham

paragraph: Hannah Kilham (1774–1832) née Spurr was an English Methodist and Quaker, known as a missionary and linguist active in West Africa. She was also a teacher and philanthropic activist in England and Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: She was born at Sheffield on 12 August 1774, the seventh child of Peter and Hannah Spurr, in trade there. Brought up in the Church of England, she was permitted to attend John Wesley's early morning services. Her mother's death when she was twelve (1786) had placed her at the head of the household, which consisted of her father and five brothers. Two years later her father died, and she was sent to a boarding-school at Chesterfield. At the age of 20 she joined the Wesleyans.

paragraph: On 12 April 1798 Hannah Spurr became the second wife of Alexander Kilham, founder of the Methodist New Connexion, who died at Nottingham eight months later (20 December 1798). Hannah Kilham opened a day-school in Nottingham, spending her vacations at Epworth, her husband's early home. There she became acquainted with Quakers, and in 1802 joined the Society of Friends.

paragraph: Section::::Activist and missionary.

paragraph: In Sheffield, while still teaching, Kilham became involved in philanthropic work. She started a Society for the Bettering of the Condition of the Poor, which was imitated elsewhere.

paragraph: In 1817 Kilham began work on unwritten languages of West Africa, with the aim of spreading Christianity. She produced an elementary grammar for the children in missionary schools at Sierra Leone. From two African sailors who were being educated at Tottenham, she acquired a knowledge of the Jaloof (Wolof) and Mandingo (Mandinka) languages, and in 1820 printed anonymously "First Lessons in Jaloof". Kilham induced the Society of Friends to set up an unofficial African Instruction Fund Committee, in existence 1819 to 1825, with female representation. The committee, on which William Allen and Luke Howard sat, as a preliminary sent William Singleton to West Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Activist and missionary.:First African visit.

paragraph: In October 1823, under the auspices of the Friends' committee for promoting African instruction, she sailed with three Quaker missionaries and the two African sailors for St. Mary's, in the Gambia. Here she started a school, using her knowledge of Wolof. She taught also at Sierra Leone. Kilham had an Irish assistant in Sierra Leone, Ann Thompson of Cooladine, also a Quaker.

paragraph: In July 1824 she returned to England to report to the committee of Friends.

paragraph: In 1826 she was working in Spitalfields, on education, employment and health issues. She brought in Thomas Hodgkin to help with widespread disease, though there was little they could do.

paragraph: Kilham then went to Ireland, and spent some months with the British and Irish Ladies' Society for famine relief.

paragraph: Noted documentation of Hannah Kilham and other individuals that made heroic attempts to the spread of Christianity in the western sections of Africa can be further researched in the book, "West African Christianity – the religious Impact, by author Lamin Sanneh, pg.66

paragraph: Section::::Activist and missionary.:Second African visit.

paragraph: On 11 November 1827 Kilham once more sailed for Sierra Leone, taking with her a number of "African School Tracts" (London, 1827), which she had published. She visited Free Town and the villages around; and in two or three months compiled word lists in 25 languages. For reasons of health she then returned home again.

paragraph: Section::::Activist and missionary.:Third African visit and death.

paragraph: On 17 October 1830 Kilham set out on her third and final voyage to Free Town. Having obtained permission from the governor to take charge of recaptive children rescued from slave-ships, Kilham, with the aid of a matron, founded a large school at Charlotte, a mountain village near Bathurst (now Banjul), and spent the rainy season there. She then travelled to Liberia, visited schools in Monrovia, and made arrangements for sending some African children to England for education. About 23 February 1832 she sailed for Sierra Leone. She died at sea, on 31 March 1832.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Besides works already mentioned, Kilham was the author of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scripture Selections", London, 1817;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lessons on Language", 1818;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Family Maxims", 1818;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "First Lessons in Spelling", 1818;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Report on a Recent Visit to Africa", 1827;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Claims of West Africa to Christian Instruction", 1830.

paragraph: Hannah Kilham's memoirs and diaries were published (1837), edited by her step-daughter, Sarah Biller née Kilham. She ran a school in the tradition of Joseph Lancaster in St. Petersburg. An edition of some of Hannah Kilham's works was republished as "Writings on Education in West Africa" (2010).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mora Dickson (1980), "The Powerful Bond: Hannah Kilham, 1774–1832"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: Methodist missionary

wikidata_label: Hannah Kilham

wikipedia_title: Hannah Kilham


text:
motorcycle racer
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
2010
AMA Pro Daytona Sportbike champion
MotoAmerica
AMA Superbike Championship
Ten Kate Racing
Laguna Seca
Nicky Hayden
Stefan Bradl
Magny-Cours
Losail
2018 Superbike World Championship
Honda Fireblade SP2
Leon Camier

wikipedia_title:
Motorcycle racing
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
2010 Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
AMA Pro Daytona Sportbike Championship
MotoAmerica
AMA Superbike Championship
Ten Kate Racing
WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca
Nicky Hayden
Stefan Bradl
Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours
Losail International Circuit
2018 Superbike World Championship
Honda CBR1000RR
Leon Camier

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,Superbike World Championship riders,1993 births,American motorcycle racers,Living people

paragraph: Jacob Gagne

paragraph: Jacob 'Jake' Gagne (born 27 August 1993) is a motorcycle racer from the United States of America.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He competed in the Spanish Moto2 Championship, the Red Bull AMA Rookies Cup and won the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup in 2010. He was the AMA Pro Daytona Sportbike champion in 2014, the MotoAmerica Superstock 1000 champion in 2015 and a MotoAmerica AMA Superbike Championship regular in 2016 and 2017.

paragraph: During the 2017 season, he was called up to Ten Kate Racing as a replacement rider, at the July Laguna Seca round due to Nicky Hayden's death in May, and twice-again later in the season to substitute for injured Stefan Bradl at Magny-Cours and Losail.

paragraph: In December 2017, he signed to compete in the 2018 Superbike World Championship series aboard a Honda Fireblade SP2 for Ten Kate Racing as teammate to Leon Camier.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on MotoGP.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on WorldSBK.com

description: American motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Jacob Gagne

wikipedia_title: Jacob Gagne


text:
Leicester
British
Grand Prix motorcycle racer
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
European Superstock 600 Championship
Honda CBR600RR
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM FRR 125
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM FRR 125
Honda RS125R
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM FRR 125
Honda RS125R
125cc World Championship
MV Agusta F4
European Superstock 600 Championship
Honda CBR600RR

wikipedia_title:
Leicester
United Kingdom
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
European Superstock 600 Championship
Honda CBR600RR
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM
Honda RS125R
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM
Honda RS125R
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
MV Agusta F4 series
European Superstock 600 Championship
Honda CBR600RR

categories: 1993 births,British motorcycle racers,Living people

paragraph: Harry Stafford (motorcyclist)

paragraph: Harry Stafford (born 15 September 1993 in Leicester) is a British former Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He has also competed in the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup, British 125 Championship and the British National Superstock 1000 Championship, he last competed in the European Superstock 600 Championship aboard a Honda CBR600RR.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: 2008- 24th, Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup #24 KTM FRR 125

paragraph: 2009- 15th, Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup #24 KTM FRR 125 / 18th, British 125 Championship #21 Honda RS125R

paragraph: 2010- 7th, Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup #24 KTM FRR 125 / 27th, British 125 Championship #21 Honda RS125R

paragraph: 2011- 28th, 125cc World Championship #21 Aprilia RS 125 R

paragraph: 2012- No ride

paragraph: 2013- NC, National Superstock 1000 Championship #21 MV Agusta F4

paragraph: 2014- 45th, European Superstock 600 Championship #21 Honda CBR600RR

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on motogp.com

description: British motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Harry Stafford

wikipedia_title: Harry Stafford (motorcyclist)


text:
Japan
Grand Prix motorcycle racer
Suzuki GSX-R600
Nara
Japan Road Race Championship
Suzuka
MotoGP
Twin Ring Motegi
Autopolis
KTM
Tomoyoshi Koyama
Jerez
Monza
Misano
Albacete
Alexis Masbou
Le Mans
Honda
Indonesia
Hikari Okubo
2013
home race at Motegi
2014
Aragon
Moto3
Danny Kent
Efrén Vázquez
Honda
Valencia
2016
Khairul Idham Pawi

wikipedia_title: 2013 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season

wikipedia_title: 2015 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix

categories: Japanese motorcycle racers,1992 births,125cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Hiroki Ono

paragraph: Hiroki Ono (born 15 July 1992) is a Japanese Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He competes in the MFJ All Japan Road Race J-GP2 Championship aboard a Suzuki GSX-R600.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Japan Road Race Championship (JRR).

paragraph: Born in Nara, and after racing in regional series within Japan, Ono stepped up to the Japan Road Race Championship (JRR) in the 125cc class with the Battle Factory Team in 2007. In 2008 he scored his first podium at Round 5 Suzuka with a 2nd place finish and finished that season 3rd in the standings. That same year he also got a chance to race as a wild card in the 125cc class of the MotoGP Japanese Grand Prix which was held at Twin Ring Motegi and finished the race in 24th.

paragraph: In 2009, Ono won his first JRR race at Round 3 Autopolis and finished the season 3rd for the 2nd consecutive year. It was also his 2nd consecutive year that he finished as champion in the standings designated as the Youth Cup which only counts riders aged 17 years or younger.

paragraph: Also in 2009 after the JRR season ended, Ono made two wild card entries in the 125cc class of the CEV (Campeonato Español de Velocidad; Spanish Motorcycle Championships). The bike he rode was the KTM that Tomoyoshi Koyama had ridden during the previous MotoGP 125cc Championship season, and marked his debut with an outstanding 3rd place finish at Jerez.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:CIV.

paragraph: For 2010 Ono had plans going to compete as a full-time rider in the CEV but decided to race in the CIV (Italian Championship) at the last minute. He started his CIV season with the prestigious RUMI team, who were developing their original machine, as their test and race rider. Ono's first race of the season came at Round 2 Monza and scored his first podium (3rd) at Round 6 Misano. He finished the season 5th in the standings.

paragraph: Also this year Ono made two wild-card entries to the All Japan series at Round 2 Autopolis and Round 7 Suzuka. The Autopolis race was cancelled due to extreme weather, but won the 7th and final round at Suzuka. In addition, he raced in the Albacete round of the European Championship in which only riders within high rankings in each European nation's national championships can participate in. However, Ono was not able to finish the race.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:125cc World Championship.

paragraph: In 2011 Ono started the season in the MotoGP 125cc class with the Caretta Technology Forward Team, from Italy. His bike was a KTM, meaning no developments on the bike had been made since 2009, the year that the manufacturer withdrew from the championship. Ono showed his skills and potential by finishing a shocking 8th with that bike at a wet Round 2 Jerez, but lost his seat 3 rounds later to French rider Alexis Masbou. Ono's last MotoGP race of the season was Round 4 Le Mans.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Asia Dream Cup.

paragraph: For the 2012 season Ono switched to the Asia Dream Cup, a one-make series in which every rider rides a Honda CBR250R provided by Honda. Ono's crash on the main stretch right before the chequered flag in Round 2 Indonesia resulted in a broken neck but healed in time for the following round in which he finished 1st and 2nd. He finished the season second overall behind fellow Japanese rider Hikari Okubo despite having four more wins. He remained in the Asia Dream Cup for 2013 and became champion.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.:Moto3 World Championship.

paragraph: In 2013 Ono made a one-off wildcard appearance at his home race at Motegi, but he failed to finish the race. In 2014, Ono made another wildcard entry at Aragon and finished the race in eleventh place.

paragraph: Ono made a full-time return to World Championship level, competing in Moto3 with Leopard Racing; he partnered Danny Kent and Efrén Vázquez in the team. Riding a Honda, Ono's best result was eighth place at the final round of the season, in Valencia.

paragraph: For 2016, Ono left Leopard Racing to join Honda Team Asia alongside Khairul Idham Pawi, again riding a Honda. He finished the season at 23rd place, scoring 36 points.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on motogp.com

description: Japanese motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Hiroki Ono

wikipedia_title: Hiroki Ono


text:
Grand Prix motorcycle racer
Great Britain
Niall Mackenzie
BMW S1000RR
Moto Rapido Racing Ducati
Knockhill
Tommy Bridewell
British Superbike Championship
Suzuki GSX-R1000
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
British Supersport Championship
British Superbike Championship
BMW S1000RR
Hawk Racing/Buildbase BMW
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM FRR 125
Honda RS125R
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM FRR 125
Honda RS125R
125cc Grand Prix World Championship
British Supersport Championship
Yamaha YZF-R6
British Supersport Championship
Suzuki GSX-R600
British Supersport Championship
Suzuki GSX-R600
British Superbike Championship
Kawasaki ZX-10R
BMW S1000RR
British Superbike Championship
Suzuki GSX-R1000
British Superbike Championship
Ducati 1199 Panigale
BMW S1000RR

wikipedia_title:
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Great Britain
Niall Mackenzie
BMW S1000RR
Moto Rapido Racing
Knockhill Racing Circuit
Tommy Bridewell
British Superbike Championship
Suzuki GSX-R1000
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
British Supersport Championship
British Superbike Championship
BMW S1000RR
Buildbase
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM
Honda RS125R
Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
KTM
Honda RS125R
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
British Supersport Championship
Yamaha YZF-R6
British Supersport Championship
Suzuki GSX-R600
British Supersport Championship
Suzuki GSX-R600
British Superbike Championship
Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R
BMW S1000RR
British Superbike Championship
Suzuki GSX-R1000
British Superbike Championship
Ducati 1199
BMW S1000RR

paragraph: Taylor Mackenzie

paragraph: Taylor Mackenzie is a former Grand Prix motorcycle racer from Great Britain. He is the son of a former motorcycle racer, Niall Mackenzie. He competes in the National Superstock 1000 Championship, a support-class in BSB, aboard a BMW S1000RR.

paragraph: For the first half of the BSB 2018 season, he rode for Moto Rapido Racing Ducati replacing injured John Hopkins. The team and Mackenzie announced their mutual decision to part company at the Knockhill BSB round practice session on 7 July, due to the rider's poor results. Mackenzie's place was taken by Tommy Bridewell for the remainder of 2018, who returned the team's best results in the Superbike class, scoring four podium finishes, narrowly missing out on a Showdown place and achieving the Riders' Cup at the season finale. Bridewell is retained for 2019.

paragraph: In 2017, Mackenzie competed in the British Superbike Championship aboard a Suzuki GSX-R1000. Mackenzie has competed in the British 125GP Championship, the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup, the British Supersport Championship and the British Superbike Championship. In 2014, in his second year with Tyco Suzuki, achieved his first ever podium in the supersport class at Silverstone with a 2nd place finish after a tough battle with the American James Rispoli. In 2016, he won the British National Superstock 1000 Championship aboard a BMW S1000RR for Hawk Racing/Buildbase BMW.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: 2009- 20th, Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup #71 KTM FRR 125

paragraph: 2009- 11th, British 125cc Championship #77 Honda RS125R

paragraph: 2010- 15th, Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup #77 KTM FRR 125

paragraph: 2010- 4th, British 125cc Championship #77 Honda RS125R

paragraph: 2011- 24th, 125cc Grand Prix World Championship #17 Aprilia RS 125 R

paragraph: 2012- 14th, British Supersport Championship #77 Yamaha YZF-R6

paragraph: 2013- 10th, British Supersport Championship #77 Suzuki GSX-R600

paragraph: 2014- 10th, British Supersport Championship #77 Suzuki GSX-R600

paragraph: 2015- NC, British Superbike Championship #11 Kawasaki ZX-10R

paragraph: 2016- 1st, British National Superstock 1000 Championship #77 BMW S1000RR

paragraph: 2017- 19th, British Superbike Championship #6 Suzuki GSX-R1000

paragraph: 2018 - British Superbike Championship #24 Ducati 1199 Panigale

paragraph: 2018 - British National Superstock 1000 Championship #77 BMW S1000RR

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on motogp.com

description: British motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Taylor Mackenzie

wikipedia_title: Taylor Mackenzie


text:
Grand Prix motorcycle racer
Norway
Lofoten

wikipedia_title:
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Norway
Lofoten

categories: Norwegian motorcycle racers,125cc World Championship riders,1991 births,Surfers,Living people

paragraph: Sturla Fagerhaug

paragraph: Sturla Fagerhaug (born 6 November 1991) is a former Grand Prix motorcycle racer from Norway. He retired from racing after 2011 when he was 20. Fagerhaug is now considered one of Norway's best surfers, competing in the Lofoten Masters and the European Championship in 2017.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on motogp.com

description: Norwegian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Sturla Fagerhaug

wikipedia_title: Sturla Fagerhaug


text:
Palma
Spanish
Grand Prix motorcycle racer
Profile on motogp.com

categories: 1993 births,Spanish motorcycle racers,125cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Joan Perelló

paragraph: Joan Perelló Alejo (born 6 October 1993 in Palma) is a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on motogp.com

description: Spanish motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Joan Perelló

wikipedia_title: Joan Perelló


text: Quaker

text: Women's Labour League

text: Raunds

text: West London Mission

text: Bloomsbury

text: Christian Socialist

text: Bermondsey Settlement

text: Dr Alfred Salter

text: Society of Friends

text: Raunds

text: Bermondsey

text: ILP

text: Independent Labour Party

text: London County Council

text: scarlet fever

text: Women's Labour League

text: Margaret MacDonald

text: James Ramsay MacDonald

text: Women's Freedom League

text: Women's Social and Political Union

text: Emmeline Pankhurst

text: John Ruskin

text: WILPF

text: No Conscription Fellowship

text: Lenin

text: Margaret Bondfield

text: Women's International League

text: Zürich

text: Vienna

text: Vienna International

text: Second International

text: Third

text: Bermondsey Council

text: 1925 London County Council election

text: Hackney South

text: green socialist

text: social liberalism

text: ethical socialism

text: Giuseppe Mazzini

text: Quaker

text: ethical socialism

text: ethical socialist

text: Southwark Park

text: Brockway, Fenner

text: Alfred Salter, Wikipedia

categories: Mayors of places in Greater London,Members of London County Council,Quaker socialists,Converts to Quakerism,Members of Bermondsey Metropolitan Borough Council,1942 deaths,English Quakers,People from Raunds,1866 births,English Christian socialists,English pacifists

paragraph: Ada Salter

paragraph: Ada Salter, "née" Brown (20 July 1866 – 4 December 1942) was an English social reformer, environmentalist, pacifist and Quaker, President of the Women's Labour League and President of the National Gardens Guild. She was one of the first women councillors in London, the first woman mayor in London and the first Labour woman mayor in the British Isles.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Raunds, Northamptonshire, Ada Brown was active in the Methodist church and on the radical wing of the Liberal Party before she joined the West London Mission in Bloomsbury to work as a Sister of the People in the slums of St Pancras. The Sisters were run by Katherine Hughes, an inspirational Christian Socialist, but in 1897 Ada transferred to the Bermondsey Settlement. There she met Dr Alfred Salter, agnostic and socialist, a resident engaged in medical research into infectious diseases on a farm in Sudbury (now Wembley), Middlesex. Under her influence Alfred converted to Christianity and joined the Liberal Party. They both committed to the Society of Friends (Quakers) and started to attend the Deptford Meeting. They were married in Raunds on 22 August 1900.

paragraph: Ada had always insisted on living in the slums, among the poor, ever since arriving in London. Now she was equally insistent on staying in Bermondsey, a place she had fallen in love with despite its drab poverty. Alfred, who was such a brilliant doctor he could have made a fortune as a consultant, therefore set up a GP's medical practice in Jamaica Road. He charged poorer patients only a small sum and the poorest nothing at all. Ada continued as a social worker at Bermondsey Settlement, where she already had a high reputation for the clubs she ran, especially those for the "roughest and toughest" of the teenage girls. In 1902 she temporarily gave up work when the couple's only child, Ada Joyce, was born.

paragraph: Ada was President of the Women's Liberal Party in Bermondsey and Rotherhithe but in 1906 she left the Liberal Party when it failed to honour its promise of granting the vote to women and soon joined the ILP (Independent Labour Party). The ILP was the political party most favourable to the rights of women and wanted to stand women candidates, including Ada, at the next council elections. This put Alfred, a Liberal councillor on the London County Council (LCC), into an awkward position. In 1908 therefore he also left the Liberals, to found an ILP branch in Bermondsey. Once again it was Ada who had blazed the trail for him to follow. In November 1909 Ada was elected to the borough council for the ILP, becoming the first woman councillor in Bermondsey, first Labour councillor in Bermondsey, and one of the first women councillors in London. However, in 1910, personal tragedy struck when the Salters' daughter, Joyce, only eight years old, died of scarlet fever in one of the periodic epidemics that swept through the slums.

paragraph: Ada responded by throwing herself into the work of the Women's Labour League, which she had co-founded in 1906 with Margaret MacDonald, wife of Labour's rising star, James Ramsay MacDonald. She rose to be first its National Treasurer and then in 1914 its National President, the leader of all the Labour Party women in Britain. The WLL was not tied to any particular suffragist movement but Ada supported the non-violent Women's Freedom League, led by her friend Charlotte Despard, rather than endorse the tactics of the Women's Social and Political Union led by Emmeline Pankhurst.

paragraph: In the WLL Ada did pioneering research work on social housing, seeking not only to demolish the slums but to put in their place model council houses (often derided by her opponents as utopian) built specifically with the needs of working-class women in mind. To expedite demolition, she and her WLL comrades called for a Green Belt around London, to absorb the excess population from the slums. Ada followed John Ruskin in believing that fresh air and contact with nature improved people not only physically but mentally and morally. She became a proponent of urban gardening, and a pioneer of organised campaigning against air pollution in London.

paragraph: What brought her the greatest renown before 1914 was, however, the Bermondsey Uprising of 1911. She had in 1910 started to recruit women in the local factories to a women's trade union organisation, the National Federation of Women Workers (NFWW), led by Mary Macarthur. At first the results were disappointing but suddenly in August 1911, 14,000 women walked out on strike in protest against terrible working conditions. They won. Ada was hailed by the ILP and the WLL as the inspiration of this big step forward for women's rights at work (though she was only one factor) and for this, as well as for the huge organisational effort she put into the dockers' strike of 1912, she was honoured by the trade unions which are known today as Unite and the GMB.

paragraph: Ada had always since her youth opposed war and becoming a Quaker had fortified her commitment to peace. For her, therefore, 1914 was a catastrophe. She was a founding member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) and from 1916 she also worked with Alfred for the No Conscription Fellowship. Although the British government prevented her from attending the Hague peace conference in 1915, she managed to reach Bern, Switzerland, as the representative of the ILP, to attend a conference of socialist women opposed to the war. There she came up against Lenin, who was determined to get the conference to vote for armed revolution. Ada and the WLL delegate, Margaret Bondfield, stood their ground and Lenin was defeated. At the end of the war she was amongst the British delegations to the Women's International League congresses in Zürich and Vienna. Her international position was that of the Vienna International, which tried to mediate between the Second International (Labour) and the Third (Communist) but failed to reconcile them.

paragraph: Re-elected to Bermondsey Council in 1919, Ada was appointed Mayor of Bermondsey in 1922, making her the first woman mayor in London and first Labour woman mayor in Britain. She had launched in 1920 her famous Beautification Committee and now she launched her housing campaign, demolishing the slums that could be demolished and beautifying the slums that could not. By the 1930s she had planted 7000 trees, decorated buildings with window-boxes, and filled all open spaces with flowers. Looking not only for beautification of streets but for beautification of every individual's body, mind and soul, she organised all over the borough music concerts, art competitions, games, sports and children's playgrounds. After a fierce political battle she built her beautiful 'utopian' council houses in Wilson Grove, where they still stand today as exemplary housing. Her electoral results were phenomenal, regularly achieving the highest vote of any councillor in London. At the 1925 London County Council election, she was elected to represent Hackney South. In 1932 she was elected National President of the National Gardens Guild. Finally, in 1934, when Labour led by Herbert Morrison took control of the LCC, Ada was able to spread her green socialist ideals to every corner of the capital. The Green Belt was secured by law in 1938.

paragraph: The 1939 war was felt to be a catastrophe by Ada just as much as the 1914 war. In 1942, Ada and Alfred were bombed out of their home in Storks Road after refusing to leave Bermondsey to its fate, as others did. She died, cared for by her sisters, in Balham Park Road, Battersea, on 4 December, 1942, and was accorded a Quaker funeral at Peckham Meeting-House, where she was an Elder. There was also a memorial service at her parish church of St James Bermondsey.

paragraph: Section::::Personal Beliefs.

paragraph: Ada Salter's personal beliefs evolved from the social liberalism of Hugh and Katherine Hughes to the ethical socialism of the ILP. Like Alfred, she was an admirer of Giuseppe Mazzini and of his clarion call for the unity and equality of all humanity. This chimed in with her Quaker belief that "there is something of God in everyone." In practice what she meant by 'ethical' was human or humanitarian, and what she meant by 'socialism' was a worldwide network of co-operative enterprises. She believed that people would become truly human only by valuing nature and valuing each other. On valuing nature her famous slogan was: "The cultivation of flowers and trees is a civic duty." As for valuing others, she believed this depended not only on individual effort but also entailed the emancipation of women and workers, who ought to be natural allies against oppression. She believed too that ethical socialism secured personal happiness, provided that the ethical socialist followed what was true as well as valuing others: "Act according to truth and principle." she advised, "If one does that, there will be no need ever to be anxious or distraught."

paragraph: Section::::Memorials.

paragraph: A beautiful garden, overlooking a lake, designed and supervised by Ada herself, was opened in 1936 within Southwark Park. It was spontaneously referred to by locals as the 'Ada Salter Garden' and in 1943 the name was formally recognised by the LCC.

paragraph: There is also a lecture named after the Salters. Every year the Quaker Socialist Society, the successor to the Socialist Quaker Society to which Ada and Alfred belonged, organises a Salter Lecture, to honour their memory.

paragraph: The Salter statues are a tourist attraction in Rotherhithe. At first there was only a bronze statue of Alfred, erected in 1991, but when it was stolen by metal-thieves in November 2011, there was a campaign to erect statues to both Ada and Alfred, and this raised £120,000. The resulting sculptures, by artist Diane Gorvin, were unveiled on the south bank of the Thames, together with a statue of Joyce, in November 2014. Ada's statue was only the 15th public statue in London to a woman.

paragraph: In 2015 a play about Ada Salter, "Red Flag over Bermondsey", by Lynn Morris was performed all over the country. In 2016 there appeared her first full biography: "Ada Salter, Pioneer of Ethical Socialism" by Graham Taylor.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: The above article is based entirely on Ada's ODNB entry by Sybil Oldfield and Graham Taylor's biography, "Ada Salter: Pioneer of Ethical Socialism" (2016).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brockway, Fenner: "Bermondsey Story: the Life of Alfred Salter (1949)," Allen & Unwin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hannam, June & Hunt, Karen: "Socialist Women: 1880s to 1920s" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collette, Christine: "The Newer Eve: Women, Feminists and the Labour Party" (2009).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oldfield, Sybil: "Salter, Ada (1866-1942)" in "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howell, David: "Salter, Alfred (1873-1945)" in Oxford "Dictionary of National Biography."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, Graham: "Ada Salter: Pioneer of Ethical Socialism (2016)," Lawrence & Wishart.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spartacus Educational http://spartacus-educational.com/PRsalterAD.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- ILP http://www.independentlabour.org.uk/main/2013/11/11/ilp120-ada-salter-–-sister-of-the-people/

paragraph: BULLET::::- ILP http://www.independentlabour.org.uk/main/2013/03/28/ilp120-alfred-salter-and-the-bermondsey-revolution/

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lawrence & Wishart https://www.lwbooks.co.uk/book/ada-salter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amazon https://www.amazon.co.uk/Ada-Salter-Pioneer-Ethical-Socialism/dp/191044801X

paragraph: BULLET::::- ODNB http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/38/101038531/

paragraph: BULLET::::- ODNB https://thefriend.org/article/a-quaker-of-the-people

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfred Salter, Wikipedia

description: British socialist & pacifist

wikidata_label: Ada Salter

wikipedia_title: Ada Salter


text:
VC
Scottish
Victoria Cross
Commonwealth
sergeant-major
2nd Dragoons (Royal Scots Greys)
British Army
Battle of Balaclava
Crimean War
Balaklava
Crimea
London Gazette
lieutenant
Inveresk
Art Gallery of South Australia
Adelaide
Cowandilla, South Australia
East Lothian
Inveresk
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Robert Cuthbert Grieve
The Times
Monuments to Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Scotland's Forgotten Valour
Gravestone
Location of grave and VC medal

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,Royal Scots Greys officers,1821 births,Crimean War recipients of the Victoria Cross,British Army personnel of the Crimean War,1873 deaths,Royal Scots Greys soldiers,People from Musselburgh

paragraph: John Grieve (VC)

paragraph: John Grieve VC (3 May 1821 – 1 December 1873) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Grieve was 34 years old, and a sergeant-major in the 2nd Dragoons (Royal Scots Greys), British Army at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War when the following deed took place on 25 October 1854 at Balaklava, Crimea, for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: His citation in the London Gazette read:

paragraph: Grieve later achieved the rank of lieutenant and buried in Inveresk cemetery.

paragraph: His VC is on display at the Art Gallery of South Australia in Adelaide, Australia. It had been in the possession of his nephews A. I and J. H. Oliver of Cowandilla, South Australia.

paragraph: He died in East Lothian on 1 December 1873 and was buried in Inveresk parish churchyard. The grave lies in the centre of the section of the original churchyard west of the church.

paragraph: Section::::Are John Grieve and Robert Grieve related?

paragraph: A number of references including the 1997 edition of The Register of the Victoria Cross list Sergeant Major John Grieve VC (Crimea, 1854) and Captain Robert Cuthbert Grieve (Belgium, 1917) as great uncle and great nephew. This connection was suggested by an article in The Times on 29 May 1964. The article said John Grieve sent home £75 from the Crimea to Robert Grieve and that if Robert Grieve was his brother and also emigrated, then some relationship may be established between the Crimean VC and an Australian First World War VC, Robert Grieve. However, descendents of both Grieve families have been in contact with each other and have found that they are not great uncle and great nephew.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gravestone

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Lothian, Scotland)"

wikidata_label: John Grieve

wikipedia_title: John Grieve (VC)


text: British peer

text: Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester

text: Colonel

text: Scots Guards

text: Egypt

text: Suakin

text: Second Boer War

text: South Africa

text: Cape Town

text: Southampton

text: mentioned in despatches

text: Lord Kitchener

text: Lord-Lieutenant of Norfolk

text: Alice Emily White

text: Luke White, 2nd Baron Annaly

text: David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie

text: Royal Naval Air Service

text: Helles Memorial

text: Alice Coke, Countess of Leicester

text: Thomas

categories: Scots Guards officers,British Army personnel of the Second Boer War,Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George,British Army personnel of the Mahdist War,British Army personnel of the Anglo-Egyptian War,Coke family,Earls of Leicester (1837),Lord-Lieutenants of Norfolk,1848 births,Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order,1941 deaths

paragraph: Thomas Coke, 3rd Earl of Leicester

paragraph: Thomas William Coke, 3rd Earl of Leicester, (20 July 1848 – 19 November 1941), known as Viscount Coke until 1909, was a British peer and soldier.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Leicester was the eldest son of Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester, by his first wife Juliana (née Whitbread). He was a Colonel in the 2nd Battalion of the Scots Guards and served in Egypt in 1882, and at Suakin in 1885. Having retired from the regular army, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel in command of the Norfolk Artillery Militia on 21 February 1894. Following the outbreak of the Second Boer War in late 1899, the militia regiment was embodied in May 1900, and around 100 men was sent to South Africa under the command of Lord Coke. After peace was declared in May 1902, they left Cape Town on board the "SS Walmer Castle" in late June, and arrived at Southampton the following month. He was mentioned in despatches (including the final despatch by Lord Kitchener dated 23 June 1902).

paragraph: Lord Leicester held the position of Lord-Lieutenant of Norfolk from 1906 to 1929.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lord Leicester married the Hon. Alice Emily White, daughter of Luke White, 2nd Baron Annaly, on 26 August 1879. They had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Alexandra Marie Bridget Coke d. 1984, married David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas William Coke, 4th Earl of Leicester born 9 July 1880, died 21 August 1949

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lieutenant Hon. Arthur George Coke, born 6 April 1882, killed in action 21 May 1915 whilst serving with the Royal Naval Air Service. He is commemorated on the Helles Memorial at Gallipoli.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Marjory Alice Coke, born 1884, died 24 December 1946

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Roger Coke, born 28 December 1886, died 14 Oct 1960

paragraph: Alice Coke, Countess of Leicester was later appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. She died in 1936. Lord Leicester survived her by five years and died in November 1941, aged 93. He was succeeded the earldom by his eldest son Thomas.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

description: British noble

wikidata_label: Thomas Coke, 3rd Earl of Leicester

wikipedia_title: Thomas Coke, 3rd Earl of Leicester


text:
vaudeville
Palace Theatre
Evansville, Indiana
vaudeville
Broadway
Hollywood
unicycle
mime
ukulele
New York Times
blackface
Dave Chasen
Fine and Dandy
Kay Swift
Corey Ford
Earl Carroll's Vanities
Peggy Hopkins Joyce
Rain or Shine
Frank Capra
Sony Pictures
Columbia Pictures
Arizona Mahoney
Lake Hopatcong
Hopatcong, New Jersey
librettist
Donald Ogden Stewart
New Jersey
contortionist
Parkinson's disease
New York State
Milton Berle
Lake Hopatcong News
Lake Hopatcong Historical Museum

categories: 1959 deaths,Deaths from Parkinson's disease,Vaudeville performers,Actors from Evansville, Indiana,People from Hopatcong, New Jersey,1890 births

paragraph: Joe Cook (actor)

paragraph: Joe Cook (1890 – May 15, 1959) was a vaudeville performer. A household name in the 1920s and 1930s, Cook was one of America's most popular entertainers, and he headlined at New York's famed Palace Theatre. After appearing on Broadway he broke into radio.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born Joseph Lopez in Evansville, Indiana, in 1890, he and his elder brother Leo were orphaned and adopted by a distant relative, Mrs. Anna Cook, at the age of three and six, respectively. He lived in the back of the grocery store of his adoptive parents at the corner of Fourth and Oak in Evansville.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Cook joined a circus in 1906, which propelled him to vaudeville, Broadway, and Hollywood. His brother Leo and he were billed as "Joe Cook and Brother" were they were in vaudeville together, from about 1909 to 1916.

paragraph: Joe Cook's physical talents were remarkable. He was an incredible juggler, could walk a tightrope, ride a unicycle, mime, and perform many other circus skills with ease. With this he combined an uncanny ability to tell nonsensical stories that made audiences roar with laughter. Added to this was his penchant for creating ridiculously complex inventions to perform absurdly simple or totally useless tasks. Mix in a little piano, violin, and ukulele playing and you had quite a show. The broad variety of Cook's act led to his nickname – "One Man Vaudeville". "New York Times" critic Brooks Atkinson once wrote, "Next to Leonardo da Vinci, Joe Cook is the most versatile man known to recorded times." In 1930, noted columnist Walter Winchell wrote that "Joe Cook is certainly one of the musical theatre's three geniuses. I can't at the moment think of the other two."

paragraph: Following a very successful fifteen years in vaudeville - three of them in blackface, Cook - most often teamed with stooge/future restaurateur Dave Chasen - became a late 1920s/early 1930s Broadway musical comedy star. He appeared, most memorably, in such shows as "Rain or Shine", "Fine and Dandy" - the first hit completely scored by a woman (Kay Swift), and "Hold Your Horses". Corey Ford, the co-author of the last-named musical, wrote of Cook's Broadway debut: "When I first saw Joe Cook in 1923, he was co-starring in "Earl Carroll's Vanities" with Peggy Hopkins Joyce, whom he used to refer to as 'that somewhat different virgin'. I sat in the balcony and marveled at the bland deadpan expression, the slightly curled mouth, the easy flow of nonsense patter as he walked a tightrope or juggled Indian clubs while explaining to the audience why he would not imitate four Hawaiians." Cook's "Four Hawaiians" routine was his most famous; Joe would explain that he was actually imitating only two Hawaiians. He "could imitate four Hawaiians but did not wish to do so because that would put all the performers who could only imitate two Hawaiians out of work". Cook would appear on stage with a ukulele in hand and begin:

paragraph: "I will give an imitation of four Hawaiians. This is one [whistles]; this is another [plays ukulele]; and this is the third [marks time with his foot]. I could imitate four Hawaiians just as easily, but I will tell you the reason why I don't do it. You see, I bought a horse for $50 and it turned out to be a running horse. I was offered $15,000 for him, and I took it. I built a house for the $15,000, and when it was finished, a neighbor offered me $100,000 for it. He said my house stood right where he wanted to dig a well. So I took the $100,000 to accommodate him. I invested the $100,000 on peanuts, and that year, there was a peanut famine, so I sold the peanuts for $350,000. Now why should a man with $350,000 bother to imitate four Hawaiians?"

paragraph: Never a fan of Hollywood, Cook made only two full-length movies, which is a major reason he is not widely remembered today. In 1930, he starred in the film version of "Rain or Shine", which was directed by a young Frank Capra, and is still shown occasionally on television. It has recently been completely restored and will be permanently preserved by Sony Pictures, the successor of Columbia Pictures. Cook's only other feature movie, "Arizona Mahoney", was filmed in 1936 and included a young Larry "Buster" Crabbe. The 1930s also saw Cook's successful transition into the new medium of radio, as the host of two variety series and a frequent guest on many others.

paragraph: Cook, from 1924-1941, made his residence at Lake Hopatcong, in Hopatcong, New Jersey, which was then a popular resort. His house was appropriately named "Sleepless Hollow" for the many parties he gave and celebrities he entertained. One visitor, his librettist Donald Ogden Stewart, later recalled that "Joe lived on a mad gag-infested estate in New Jersey which bewilderingly expressed his genius. On his three-hole golf course one drove off confidently into what looked like a fairway only to have one's ball rebound sharply over one's head from a huge rock which had been cunningly camouflaged. The last green was a golfer's paradise in that no matter where the ball landed it rolled obediently into the hole. Conditions inside the house were similarly deranged. The "butler" was one of the contortionists, acrobats, midgets or other show-business people whom Joe had picked up his years in Vaudeville. Poor Mrs. Cook lived bravely in this cuckooland and struggled apologetically to bring some degree of common sense into the madhouse." The Cook house still survives at Lake Hopatcong but is not open to the public.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and death.

paragraph: Cook was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1941. This forced his retirement from show business. He sold the lake house the same year and moved to a more modest residence in New York State, where he resided until his death in 1959. Had Cook stayed healthy until the advent of television, his playful and physical style of comedy might well have made him one of the new medium's biggest stars, as was the case with his contemporary, Milton Berle.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lake Hopatcong News

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lake Hopatcong Historical Museum

description: American vaudeville performer

wikidata_label: Joe Cook

wikipedia_title: Joe Cook (actor)


text: Bautzen

text: Hochkirch

text: Battle of Hochkirch

text: Seven Years' War

text: Frederick the Great

text: Battle of Leuthen

text: Siege of Olmütz

text: Karl O'Donnell

text: Bautzen

text: Oldenburg

paragraph: Siegmund Moritz William von Langen

paragraph: Siegmund Moritz William von Langen, also called Simon Moritz, ( 1706 or 1708, Westphalia–21 October 1758, Bautzen, Silesia), was a Prussian major of the who died of injuries received in the Hochkirch churchyard during the Battle of Hochkirch, in the Seven Years' War. His actions at Hochkirch delayed the Austrian forces sufficiently for Frederick the Great to organize a retreat. This saved the Prussian army.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: He entered the Prussian military as an 18-year-old, and 1736 was promoted to second lieutenant in the Infantry Regiment Krocher (No. 18). In 1741, he was in the regiment Markgraf Heinrich No. 42, in which he entered into the Seven Years' War. He was wounded at the Battle of Leuthen, but recovered from these wounds. Promoted to major, he served at the Siege of Olmütz.

paragraph: Section::::Military fame at Hochkirch.

paragraph: On 14 October 1758, his name became legendary in Prussian military circles; with 2 battalions of his regiment, he defended the churchyard of Hochkirch against an overwhelming force of Karl O'Donnell's Austrian cavalry. The first battalion defended the larger of the Prussian batteries (10 of the 12 pound cannon) near Hochkirch; the second battalion, commanded by Langen, defended the cemetery of the village against 10 times their number. These two battalions took the brunt of the artillery fire into the village, which included round shot and howitzer fire. The second battalion stood with incredible stubbornness until its cartridges were spent. This afforded the Prussian army sufficient time to organize a counter attack.

paragraph: Langen was taken prisoner by the Austrians. He died seven days later, on 21 October 1758, in Bautzen, where most of the wounded had been taken. He had been shot at least 11 times, and was buried by the Austrians with great honors and distinction. At the mustering of the regiment a day of the battle, Frederick referred to the brave Major Langen.

paragraph: Langen is one of the few Prussian officers in a line of generals included on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great. In Hochkirch, erected in 1903 between the church tower and the church, is an obelisk engraved with the words: "Major Simon Moritz von Langen geehrt wird, der „diesen Kirchhof mit dem 2. Bataillon des Regiments Markgraf Karl gegen zehnfache Übermacht bis zur Vernichtung seiner Mannschaft verteidigte“. ("Major Simon Moritz of Langen, who defended this cemetery with the 2nd battalion of the regiment Markgraf Karl against ten times his number, up to the destruction of his unit.").

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Langen's family originated in Westphalia, near Oldenburg. Its progenitor, Andreas von Langen (*~1468–~ 1555), was lord and master of Schwakenburg. The family remained in the area until the beginning of the 18th century, in Osnabruck and Saxe Gothe; the male line died in the second half of the 18th century.

description: German officer

wikidata_label: Siegmund Moritz Wilhelm Langen

wikipedia_title: Siegmund Moritz William von Langen


text: Russia

text: Kostroma Governorate

categories: 1864 deaths,1799 births,People from Vichuga,19th-century Russian businesspeople,Russian women in business

paragraph: Amalia von Mengden

paragraph: Amalia Georgievna von Mengden (; 1799-1864), was a Russian entrepreneur. She was one of the first female textile industrialists in Russia. She was married to General baron . She managed the Mengden table cloth factory in Saint Nicholas in the Kostroma Governorate in 1830-1864.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Отрывки семейной хроники (из воспоминаний баронессы Софии Менгден), в журнале «Русская старина», 1908, апрель, стр. 99.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Фабрика в 1843 году в Исследованиях о состоянии льняной промышленности в России. СПб, 1847

wikidata_label: Amalia von Mengden

wikipedia_title: Amalia von Mengden


text:
mystic
beatification
Capriana
Holy Communion
Alexandrina Maria da Costa
Anne Catherine Emmerich
Marie Rose Ferron
Marthe Robin
Capriana website
Hagiography Circle

categories: Italian Servants of God,1815 births,People from Trentino,1848 deaths,19th-century Christian mystics,Roman Catholic mystics,Stigmatics

paragraph: Maria Domenica Lazzeri

paragraph: Maria Domenica Lazzeri (1815–1848) also known as la Meneghina was an Italian mystic. The cause for her beatification was started in 1943.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Maria Domenica Lazzeri was born May 16, 1815 in Capriana, Italy.

paragraph: She is known as "“L'addolorata di Capriana”" ("“The Woman of Pain of Capriana”"). As of 1833 she became bedridden most of her life. According to her physician she ate nothing for the last 14 years of her life except for receiving Holy Communion. She died April 4, 1848. Her cause was formally reopened in 1995, and she is currently styled "Servant of God".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexandrina Maria da Costa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Catherine Emmerich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie Rose Ferron

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marthe Robin

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guido Sommavilla "Maria Domenica Lazzeri" San Paolo Press 1996

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Capriana website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hagiography Circle

description: Italian mystic

wikidata_label: Maria Domenica Lazzeri

wikipedia_title: Maria Domenica Lazzeri


text:
Donaghadee
County Down
Royal Marines
Justice of the Peace
Deputy Lieutenant
High Sheriff of Queen's County
High Sheriff of Tyrone
Land Conference
World War I
Lord Lieutenant of Queen's County
independent
Seanad Éireann
President of the Executive Council
Douglas Hyde
Poë-Domvile baronets

categories: Independent members of Seanad Éireann,High Sheriffs of Queen's County,People from Donaghadee,British Army personnel of World War I,Members of the 1922 Seanad,1848 births,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,High Sheriffs of Tyrone,1934 deaths

paragraph: Hutcheson Poë

paragraph: Sir William Hutcheson Poë, 1st Baronet (20 September 1848 – 30 November 1934) was an Irish soldier and politician.

paragraph: He was born the younger son of William T. Poë in Donaghadee, County Down. He joined the Royal Marines in 1867 and served in the Sudan in 1884, commanding a unit of the Camel Corps in the Relief of Khartoum in 1885. He retired in 1888.

paragraph: He was a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant for Queen's County and was appointed High Sheriff of Queen's County for 1891 and High Sheriff of Tyrone for 1893. He was a member of the Land Conference in 1902. He was created a baronet on 2 July 1912. From 1915 to 1916 he served in Egypt during World War I, and from 1916 to 1919 was with the Red Cross in France. He was the Lord Lieutenant of Queen's County from 1920 to 1922.

paragraph: He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from 1922 to 1924. He was nominated to the Seanad by the President of the Executive Council in 1922 for 12 years. He resigned from the Seanad on 9 December 1924, on age and health grounds. Douglas Hyde was elected at a by-election to replace him.

paragraph: He married Mary Adelaide, only surviving daughter of Sir William Compton Domvile, 3rd Baronet. He was succeeded by his son Hugo, the 2nd and last Baronet.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poë-Domvile baronets

description: Irish soldier and politician

wikidata_label: Sir Hutcheson Poë, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Hutcheson Poë


text: Native American

text: Skunk Works

text: Lockheed Corporation

text: Agena

text: interplanetary space travel

text: satellites

text: Park Hill, Oklahoma

text: John Ross

text: Cherokee Nation

text: Tahlequah

text: Northeastern State Teachers' College

text: Colorado State Teachers College

text: Greeley

text: astronomy

text: Great Depression

text: Bureau of Indian Affairs

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Santa Fe Indian School

text: American Indian boarding school

text: Santa Fe

text: World War II

text: mathematician

text: Lockheed

text: Lockheed P-38 Lightning

text: interplanetary spaceflight

text: slide rule

text: Friden

text: UCLA

text: aeronautics

text: celestial mechanics

text: Skunk Works

text: interplanetary space travel

text: satellites

text: Agena rocket

text: Mars

text: Venus

text: What's My Line?

text: Polaris

text: Los Altos, California

text: Society of Women Engineers

text: Council of Energy Resource Tribes

text: calico

text: National Museum of the American Indian

text: endowment

text: Theta Sigma Phi

text: Council of Energy Resource Tribes

text: The San Francisco Examiner

text: Society of Women Engineers

text: Google Doodle

text: Sacagawea Dollar

text: Timeline of women in science

text: Mary Ross

categories: 1908 births,20th-century women mathematicians,Native American scientists,Lockheed Martin people,American women mathematicians,Engineers from California,University of Northern Colorado alumni,20th-century American engineers,Google Doodles,American philanthropists,Engineers from Oklahoma,20th-century women engineers,Mathematicians from California,2008 deaths,Northeastern State University alumni,Cherokee people,Mathematicians from Oklahoma,Philanthropists from California,Philanthropists from Oklahoma,People from Cherokee County, Oklahoma,People from Los Altos, California,20th-century American mathematicians,American women engineers,American aerospace engineers,University of California, Los Angeles alumni

paragraph: Mary G. Ross

paragraph: Mary Golda Ross (August 9, 1908 – April 29, 2008) was the first known Native American female engineer, and the first female engineer in the history of Lockheed. She was one of the 40 founding engineers of the renowned and highly secretive Skunk Works project at Lockheed Corporation. She worked at Lockheed from 1942 until her retirement in 1973, where she was best remembered for her work on aerospace design – including the Agena Rocket program – as well as numerous "design concepts for interplanetary space travel, manned and unmanned earth-orbiting flights, the earliest studies of orbiting satellites for both defense and civilian purposes." In 2018, she was chosen to be depicted on the 2019 Native American $1 Coin by the U.S. Mint celebrating American Indians in the space program.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Mary G. Ross was born in the small town of Park Hill, Oklahoma, the second of five children of William Wallace and Mary Henrietta Moore Ross. She was the great-granddaughter of the Cherokee Chief John Ross. A talented child, she was sent to live with her grandparents in the Cherokee Nation capital of Tahlequah to attend primary and secondary school.

paragraph: When she was 16, Ross enrolled in Northeastern State Teachers' College in Tahlequah. She earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1928, at age 20.

paragraph: She received her master's degree from the Colorado State Teachers College in Greeley in 1938, taking "every astronomy class they had."

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Ross taught math and science in rural Oklahoma schools for nine years, mostly during the Great Depression.

paragraph: At age 28, she took the civil service examination to work for the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in Washington, D.C., as a statistical clerk. In 1937, she was reassigned as an advisor to girls at the Santa Fe Indian School, an American Indian boarding school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In August 1938 she completed requirements for her master's degree from Colorado State College of Education at Greeley; she had attended classes in summers while she was a teacher. She took astronomy classes there in addition to reading extensively in her chosen field of mathematics.

paragraph: She moved to California in 1941 to seek work after the US joined World War II, on the advice of her father.

paragraph: Ross was hired as a mathematician by Lockheed in 1942. While there she began working on the effects of pressure on the Lockheed P-38 Lightning. The P-38 was one of the fastest airplanes designed at the time: it was the first military airplane to fly faster than in level flight. Ross helped to solve numerous design issues involved with high speed flight and issues of aeroelasticity. Although Ross preferred working on topics surrounding interplanetary spaceflight, she later said that "If I had mentioned it in 1942, my credibility would have been questioned."

paragraph: "Often at night there were four of us working until 11 p.m.," she recalled later. "I was the pencil pusher, doing a lot of research. My state of the art tools were a slide rule and a Friden computer."

paragraph: After the war, Lockheed sent her to UCLA for a professional certification in engineering. "She studied mathematics for modern engineering, aeronautics and missile and celestial mechanics." It was unusual for a company that hired a woman for work during the war to keep that woman once the war ended; "Gold" Ross continued to work for Lockheed.

paragraph: In 1952, she joined Lockheed's Advanced Development Program at the then-secret Skunk Works, where she worked on "preliminary design concepts for interplanetary space travel, manned and unmanned earth-orbiting flights, the earliest studies of orbiting satellites for both defense and civilian purposes." She worked on the Agena rocket project, and on preliminary design concepts for flyby missions to Venus and Mars.

paragraph: Most of the theories and papers that emerged from the group, including those by Ross, are still classified. As she told her alma mater's newspaper in the 1990s, "We were taking the theoretical and making it real." One of Ross' seminal roles was as one of the authors of the NASA Planetary Flight Handbook Vol. III, about space travel to Mars and Venus ...

paragraph: "She was just one of the guys," said Norbert Hill, who met Ross when he was executive director of the American Indian Science and Engineering Society. "She was as smart as the rest of them and she held her own."

paragraph: In 1958, she appeared on the television show "What's My Line?." It took some time for the contestants to guess that she was the person who "Designs Rocket Missiles and Satellites (Lockheed Aircraft)."

paragraph: Ross became a senior advanced systems staff engineer by the late 1960s, working on the Polaris reentry vehicle, Poseidon and Trident missiles.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: After retiring in 1973, Ross lived in Los Altos, California, and worked to recruit young women and Native American youth into engineering careers. Since the 1950s, she had been a member of the Society of Women Engineers. She also supported the American Indians in Science and Engineering Society (AISES) and the Council of Energy Resource Tribes.

paragraph: At age 96, wearing her "first traditional Cherokee dress" of green calico, made by her niece, she participated in the opening ceremonies of the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C. Upon her death in 2008, she left a $400,000 endowment to that museum.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silicon Valley Engineering Council’s Hall of Fame, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peninsula Woman of the Year, by the women's communications society Theta Sigma Phi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Achievement awards from the American Indian Science and Engineering Society and from the Council of Energy Resource Tribes

paragraph: BULLET::::- The San Francisco Examiner's Award for Woman of Distinction, 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woman of Achievement Award, California State Federation of Business and Professional Clubs, 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- Outstanding alumna awards from her first two alma maters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow and life member of the Society of Women Engineers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1992, The Santa Clara Valley Section established a scholarship in her name.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Google Doodle on August 9, 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ross is pictured on the reverse of the 2019 Sacagawea Dollar.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of women in science

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Ross on "What's my line", CBS, Jun 22, 1958

alias:
Mary Ross
Mary Golda Ross

description: America aerospace engineer, first native american female engineer.

wikidata_label: Mary G. Ross

wikipedia_title: Mary G. Ross


text:
Samuel Pepys
St John's College, Cambridge
Frome
Somerset
Mill Hill School
Cambridge Union Society
Indian Civil Service
Aldeburgh
Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground

categories: English male non-fiction writers,1931 deaths,Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge,English historians,Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge,1860 births

paragraph: Joseph Robson Tanner

paragraph: Joseph Robson Tanner (28 July 1860 – 15 Jan. 1931) was an English historian, an expert on Samuel Pepys, author of numerous publications and Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Tanner was born in Frome, Somerset, the eldest son of Joseph Tanner. He was educated at Mill Hill School, London, and at St John's College, Cambridge, where he took a First in the Historical Tripos in 1882. He was President of the Cambridge Union Society in Easter Term, 1883. He was a lecturer in History at St John's, from 1883 to 1921, and lecturer on Indian History to Indian Civil Service students, from 1885 to 1893.

paragraph: In 1883 Tanner became a Fellow of St John's and was an Assistant Tutor from 1895 to 1900, a Tutor from 1900 to 1912, and Tutorial Bursar, 1900–21. He served as a deputy to the Regius Professor of Modern History, 1926–27.

paragraph: In 1888 Tanner married Charlotte Maria, second daughter of George J. Larkman of Belton. After living in Cambridge for forty-two years he moved to Woodside, Aldeburgh, Suffolk. He is buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge.

paragraph: Section::::Select publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hollond's Discourses of the Navy", 1896

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pepys' Memoirs of the Royal Navy", ed., 1906

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Historical Register of the University of Cambridge", 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Samuel Pepys and the Royal Navy" [Lees Knowles Lectures, 1919], 1920

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tudor Constitutional Documents, 1485–1603", 1922

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr Pepys, An Introduction to the Diary", 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pepy's Naval Minutes", 1926

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Private Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, 1679–1703", 1926

paragraph: BULLET::::- "English Constitutional Conflicts, 1603–1689", 1928

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Further Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, 1662–1679", 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Constitutional Documents of the Reign of James I", 1930

description: British historian

wikidata_label: Joseph Robson Tanner

wikipedia_title: Joseph Robson Tanner


text: martyr

text: patron saint

text: Christianity

text: Dijon

text: All Saints

text: Martyrology of St. Jerome

text: Lyon

text: Epagny

text: Johann Peter Kirsch

text: Gregory of Tours

text: necropolis

text: sarcophagus

text: basilica

text: Cluniac order

text: William of Volpiano

text: Dijon cathedral

text: earthquake

text: French Revolution

text: Saint Irenaeus

text: shipwreck

text: Corsica

text: Marseilles

text: Rhone River

text: Saône

text: Autun

text: Saint Symphorian

text: miracle

text: Aurelian

text: deities

text: Caesar

text: Christ

text: iron

text: pilgrim

text: hagiographic accounts

text: Polycarp of Smyrna

text: missionary

text: Aurelian

text: Louis Duchesne

text: acta

text: Christianity

text: Besançon

text: Autun

text: Langres

text: Valence

text: seal

text: abbey

text: key

text: Wooden statue of St. Benignus of Dijon

categories: 3rd-century Christian martyrs,3rd-century deaths,People from Dijon,3rd-century births,Bishops in Gaul,Deaths by beating,History of Dijon,Gallo-Roman saints

paragraph: Benignus of Dijon

paragraph: Saint Benignus of Dijon () was a martyr honored as the patron saint and first herald of Christianity of Dijon, Burgundy (Roman "Divio"). His feast falls, with All Saints, on November 1; his name stands under this date in the "Martyrology of St. Jerome".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: No particulars concerning the person and life of Benignus were known at Dijon. He may have been a missionary priest from Lyon, martyred at Epagny near Dijon. Johann Peter Kirsch says, "For some unknown reason his death is placed in the persecution under Aurelian (270-275)."

paragraph: According to Gregory of Tours the common people reverenced his grave, but Gregory's great-grandfather, Saint Gregory, bishop of Langres (507–539/40), wished to put an end to this veneration, because he believed the grave to belong to a . However, when he learned through a vision one night that the burial spot (in a large necropolis outside the Roman city) was in fact the previously overlooked grave of the holy martyr Benignus, the bishop had the tomb in which the sarcophagus lay restored, and he built a basilica over it.

paragraph: Saint Benignus' Abbey developed at the site and joined the Cluniac order. In the early eleventh century a larger church was built by its abbot William of Volpiano (died 1031). The abbey church built by Gregory of Langres was superseded by a Romanesque basilica, which collapsed in 1272 and was replaced by the present Dijon cathedral, dedicated to Benignus, where the shrine survived an earthquake in 1280 and the French Revolution. His purported sarcophagus can still be seen in the crypt.

paragraph: Section::::The "Passio" of Saint Benignus.

paragraph: According to the sixth-century "Passio Sancti Benigni", Benignus was a native of Smyrna. Polycarp of Smyrna had a vision of Saint Irenaeus, already dead, in response to which he sent Benignus, as well as two priests and a deacon, to preach the Gospel in Gaul. They were shipwrecked on Corsica but managed to make their way to Marseilles. They made their way up the Rhone River and the Saône. Reaching Autun, they converted Symphorianus, son of the noble Faustus; Symphorianus was later martyred for his faith as Saint Symphorian.

paragraph: Benignus, now on his own, proselytized openly in different parts of Gaul, and performed numerous miracles despite the persecution of Christians. Denounced to the Emperor Aurelian, he was arrested at Épagny and put on trial. Benignus refused to sacrifice to pagan deities or to Caesar, and refused to deny Christ. The authorities savagely tortured him, to which he responded with new miracles; he did not change his mind. Eventually, Benignus was clubbed to death with a bar of iron and his heart pierced. "He was buried in a tomb which was made to look like a pagan monument in order to deceive the persecutors".

paragraph: Section::::Critique.

paragraph: In the time of Gregory of Tours there was a sudden appearance of "acta" regarding Benignus, narrating the martyrdom of the saint, and said by Gregory to have been brought from Italy to Dijon by a pilgrim, but apparently edited at Dijon in the sixth century.

paragraph: According to these hagiographic accounts, Polycarp of Smyrna (died ca 155) had sent Benignus as a missionary to Dijon, where he had labored as a priest and had finally died a martyr, during the persecution under Aurelian (270–275), a possibility chronologically irreconcilable. Louis Duchesne has proved that these "acta" are at the head of a whole group of legends which arose in the early years of the sixth century and were intended to demonstrate the early the beginnings of Christianity in the cities of that region (Besançon, Autun, Langres, Valence). "They are historically unreliable, and the very existence of some of the martyrs connected with these places is doubtful." Kirsch says, "They are all falsifications by the same hand and possess no historical value."

paragraph: Section::::Attributes.

paragraph: On the seal of the abbey, Benignus of Dijon is depicted as having a dog by his side. He also holds a key.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint of the Day, November 1: "Benignus of Dijon" at "SaintPatrickDC.org"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wooden statue of St. Benignus of Dijon

description: French saint

wikidata_label: Benignus of Dijon

wikipedia_title: Benignus of Dijon


text:
Konya
Ankara
Kandilli Kız Lisesi
Turkish woman writers

categories: Turkish novelists,1904 births,1954 deaths,Turkish women writers

paragraph: Azmiye Hami Güven

paragraph: Azmiye Hami Güven (1904, Konya - 1954, Ankara) was a Turkish novelist. A graduate of the Kandilli Kız Lisesi, she was one of the first Turkish woman writers of the Republican period. She is best known for "Hemșire Nimet" (Nimet, the Nurse) 1951.

description: Turkish female writer

wikidata_label: Azmiye Hami Güven

wikipedia_title: Azmiye Hami Güven


text: Italian

text: vedute

text: Corleone

text: Sicily

text: Calcografia Camerale

text: Pope Clement XII

text: Trevi Fountain

text: Spanish Steps

text: Giovanni Battista Piranesi

text: vedute

text: Vincenzo Re

text: Victoria and Albert Museum

text: Paolo Coen

text: Resource offering high-res images

categories: 1710 births,Italian architects,1782 deaths,People from Corleone,Landscape artists,Italian engravers

paragraph: Giuseppe Vasi

paragraph: Giuseppe Vasi (27 August 1710 – 16 April 1782) was an Italian engraver and architect, best known for his "vedute".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Corleone, Sicily and later, around 1736, moved to Rome. After a period of intense visits and studies, Vasi started to work as an engraver in the Calcografia Camerale, the main public institution of Rome devoted to engraving and etching, founded some years before by Pope Clement XII. His views for the Calcografia include panoramas of the Trevi Fountain and of the Spanish Steps.

paragraph: Later on Vasi started to work on his own, producing and selling series of his views to a public made principally of grand tourists. The first series of akin consists in the "Vedute di Roma sul Tevere", i.e. "Views of the Tiber", circa 1743 and later adapted to become part of the "Magnificenze di Roma antica e moderna". In these years Vasi also hosted in his workshop for a limited period of time the young Giovanni Battista Piranesi, his major pupil, who shaped here his technique as an engraver.

paragraph: From 1747 to 1761 Vasi published a series of ten volumes including circa 240 engravings of "vedute" of Rome. He also created 15 tablet engravings of opera scenes designed by Vincenzo Re; some of which are part of the collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

paragraph: Vasi played a major role as a cartographer and as writer as well. As a cartographer his major work remains the giant map of Rome, published in the early 1760s but conceived at least 20 years before; as an author, Vasi wrote nine out of ten books of the "Magnificenze" (II to X) and the "Itinerario Istruttivo". The "Itinerario", first published in the 1760s as well, turned out to be one of the most successful enterprises akin: translated in French and later in English, it was re-edited, modified and republished up to the mid-18th century.

paragraph: Section::::State of the art.

paragraph: Vasi was a famous man and artist up to the 1760s, when Piranesi took definitively his place, making his master's style old and outdated. For over 200 years Vasi was artistically forgotten and his views taken into account only for their topographical and documentary qualities. Things changed in 1981, thanks to the monograph by Luisa Scalabroni and even more in the nineties, mainly thanks to the contributions by Paolo Coen on his catalogue and by Allan Ceen on the maps. Today Giuseppe Vasi is no longer considered Piranesi's defeated rival, but an artist with his own personality and technique. Though far from being a revolutionary, he gave a significant contribution to the Roman school of engraving applied to the "veduta", with a role quite similar to Giovanni Panini's in painting.

paragraph: Section::::Selected modern bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- L. Scalabroni, Giuseppe Vasi, Rome, Multigrafica, 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. Coen, Le Magnificenze di Roma di Giuseppe Vasi, Rome, Newton and Compton, 1996, II ed. 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. Coen, Arte, cultura e mercato in una bottega romana del XVIII secolo: l'impresa calcografica di Giuseppe e Mariano Vasi, fra continuità e rinnovamento", in "Bollettino d'arte", n. 115, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imago Urbis: Giuseppe Vasi's Grand Tour of Rome, University of Oregon, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- James G. Harper & James T. Tice, Giuseppe Vasi's Rome: Lasting Impressions from the Age of the Grand Tour, exh. cat., Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art & the Princeton University Art Museum 2010 (distributed by the University of Delaware Press), 2010

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baroque Rome in the etchings of Gudi Vasi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Resource offering high-res images

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Oregon's Imago Urbis: Giuseppe Vasi’s Grand Tour of Rome

alias:
Giuseppe Agostino Vasi
Giuseppe Agostino Pietro Vasi
Joseph Vasi
Vassi

description: Italian architect and engraver

wikidata_label: Giuseppe Vasi

wikipedia_title: Giuseppe Vasi