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categories: People from the Province of Padua,Italian fashion designers,Living people,Italian businesspeople in fashion

paragraph: Renzo Rosso

paragraph: Renzo Rosso (born 15 September 1955) is an Italian fashion entrepreneur.

paragraph: Referred to as the "Jeans Genius" by Suzy Menkes, he is the President of OTB Group, the parent company of Diesel, Maison Margiela, Marni, Paula Cademartori, Viktor & Rolf, Staff International (manufacturer and distributor of DSquared², Just Cavalli, Maison Margiela, Marni and Vivienne Westwood), and Brave Kid (manufacturer and distributor of Diesel Kid, Dsquared², John Galliano Kids, Marni and Trussardi Junior).

paragraph: Founder of the Only The Brave Foundation, a not-for-profit organization, Rosso is also the President of Red Circle investments; the Diesel Farm in Marostica, Veneto; the Pelican Hotel in Miami; and Bassano Virtus 55 S.T., the professional soccer club of his hometown Bassano del Grappa, and also L.R. Vicenza Virtus, both located in Veneto. In 2018, Forbes indicated him as the 10th richest man in Italy (with an estimated asset of $4.1 billion)

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Rosso was born in the village of Brugine in the northeastern Italian region of Veneto. His parents were farmers under simple conditions, regularly helping his father after school. Having seen the laborious life required for a farmer, Rosso aspired to do something different from his parents and in 1970 began studying industrial Textile Manufacturing at the Marconi Technical Institute in Padua. There, he produced, at the age of 15, his first self-designed garment, a pair of low-waist bell-bottomed jeans using his mother's Singer sewing machine. He kept experimenting with different jeans models and would give each pair to friends or sell them at school for about 3500 lire. In 1973 he began studying Economics at the University of Venice and in addition to helping his father on the farm, he financed his studies also by working as a mechanic and as a carpenter.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Beginnings of Diesel.

paragraph: Rosso dropped out of the University of Venice in 1975 and began to work as Production Manager at Moltex, a local clothing manufacturer that produced trousers for various Italian clothing labels. Moltex' parent company, the Genius Group, was run by Adriano Goldschmied who would eventually become Rosso's mentor and future business partner. During Rosso's first two years at Moltex the company grew rapidly. In 1978, after Rosso had managed to increase the company's production beyond what Goldschmied actually considered possible, Rosso wanted to leave the company in order to start a new business on his own. However, Goldschmied convinced Rosso to stay by offering him a 40% stake in Moltex and by agreeing to form a new company together, thus forming Diesel. Following the new partnership, Rosso also became shareholder of the Genius Group, which gathered brands such as Replay, King Jeans and Viavai. Created Goldie label which Katharine Hamnett designed a collection for, before launching DIESEL among others.

paragraph: The brand name Diesel was chosen because 'diesel' was considered to be the 'alternative fuel' in the oil crisis, and Rosso and Goldschmied liked the idea of their brand being perceived as an alternative jeans brand in contrast to the prevalent casual wear brands. Furthermore, since the word was an international term pronounced equally all over the world, it appealed to Rosso's view that the global fashion market was not segmented by national borders, but by people's lifestyle. In 2004, after having followed those core values for nearly 20 years, CNN accredited Diesel for being "the first brand to believe truly in the global village and to embrace it with open arms." In an article by The NY Times in August 2013, it was estimated that Diesel had sold more than 100,000,000 jeans since 1978.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel acquisition.

paragraph: In 1985 Rosso wanted to achieve creative freedom over the brand's direction and took complete control of the company, by trading his shares in the Genius Group, at the time Diesel's parent company, for Goldschmied's remaining shares in Diesel. Following the launch of Diesel Kid the year prior, at the time called Dieselito, sales of the Diesel-branded clothing had by that point reached about $5 million annually. Wanting to focus on denim, Rosso began experimenting with different ways of treating the fabric with stones and washes. Then, after handpicking team of likeminded designers in the late 1980s, the company began a period of remarkable growth and expansion.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 1990s.

paragraph: During the first of the 1990s Rosso pioneered Diesel into the fashion world and set the grounds for its establishment in global markets. In 1991 the company launched its first international marketing effort with the highly successful 'Guides for Successful Living' campaign series. In 1992 the campaign won a Grand Prix at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival, the world's leading awards in advertising.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 1990s.:Diesel Farm.

paragraph: In late 1992 Rosso purchased a farm close to the Diesel headquarters in Molvena, in the Italian region of Veneto, where he began producing wine and olive oil under the name Diesel Farm. Initially the purchase was meant as a gift to his father, who until then had questioned his choice of career, but who then, for the first time, understood that his son had in fact become a successful business entrepreneur. At the time of the purchase the farm and its land was at risk of getting divided into separate lots for multiple buyers, but Rosso was able to prevent this by taking charge of the whole estate. Today the land and the old farm buildings are considered a nature reserve.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 1990s.:The Pelican Hotel.

paragraph: In 1994, Rosso reopened the Pelican Hotel on Miami's South Beach strip. The hotel, which was a historical Art Deco building constructed in 1939, had been restored under the direction of his Creative Team after Rosso had fallen in love with the building in 1991 and purchased it one month later. Its kitsch, retro-styled interior with each room being independently designed and different from the others, was considered unique for its time and contributed to Diesel's image of the 'Successful Living' lifestyle. Several years later the hotel was listed by British daily newspaper "The Independent" as one of the world's "best fashion hotels". Other brands included in the list were hotels by Missoni, Armani, Bulgari and Ralph Lauren, which had all been opened after the Pelican.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 1990s.:Diesel in the late 1990s.

paragraph: In the second half of the 1990s, Diesel continued to ignore common marketing rules and began to establish itself as a major brand in the global fashion market. This was a result of Rosso's ambition to always break new grounds and his aspiration to work with most creative agencies and photographers around, including David LaChapelle, Terry Richardson, Ellen von Unwerth, Rankin, and Erwin Olaf.

paragraph: In 1995, Diesel became the first major fashion brand to embrace the Internet with the launch of www.diesel.com, which two years later was followed by the first online store of any fashion brand. Later in 1995 the company also launched one of its most popular yet provocative campaigns ever, featuring two kissing sailors staged at the peace celebration of World War II. Shot by photographer David LaChapelle, it was the first major public advertisement to show a homosexual couple kissing and was published at height of the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" debates in the US, which had led the U.S. Government to refuse entry to military service for openly gay, lesbian, or bisexual persons. In a long article published by "Frieze" in 1996, the advertisement was credited for its "overarching tone of heavy-handed humor and sarcasm".

paragraph: In the late 1990s, Diesel began opening a large number of stores around the world, starting with its first ever mono-brand store, located on Lexington Avenue in New York in 1996, which was followed by stores in Milan, London and Rome. In contrast to common retail norms of the time, Rosso decided that each Diesel store should be styled independently. Occasionally, he would also collaborate with famous artists in this progress, as in 2003 when he let the artist Stephen Sprouse personalize the Union Square Diesel store in New York with graffiti. Rosso also opened up new locations to showcase creativity, such as the Diesel Denim Gallery in New York and Osaka, Japan. The galleries showcased hand-treated denim of the highest quality and gave exhibition space to young, local artists. The Diesel Denim Galleries were much acclaimed by the fashion press and were described by "The New York Times"' Suzy Menkes simply as "super-cool".

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 2000s.

paragraph: Throughout the 2000s, Rosso increased Diesel's share in the global fashion market, mainly through opening more company owned stores, embarking on a series of brand collaborations, and by expanding on the business of Diesel.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 2000s.:Collaborations.

paragraph: In 2002, Rosso was asked to collaborate with Karl Lagerfeld on a denim collection for the designer's Lagerfeld Gallery. The collection, which was calledLagerfeld Gallery by Diesel, was co-designed by Lagerfeld and then developed by Diesel's Creative Team. It consisted of five pieces that were presented during the designer's catwalk shows during Paris Fashion Week and then sold in very limited editions at the Lagerfeld Galleries Stores in Paris and Monaco, and at the Diesel Denim Galleries in New York City and Tokyo. During the first week of sales in New York, more than 90% of the trousers were sold out, even though prices ranged from as high as $240 to $1840. In a statement after the show in Paris, Rosso said "I am honored to have met this fashion icon of our time. Karl represents creativity, tradition and challenge, and the fact that he thought of Diesel for this collaboration is a great gift and acknowledgement of our reputation as the prêt-à-porter of casual wear."

paragraph: In 2003, Rosso asked legendary street and graffiti artist Stephen Sprouse to take over Diesel's Union Square store for New York Fashion Week the following September. As part of the collaboration Sprouse designed a series of limited edition jeans, T-shirts and hats, and made a complete makeover of the Diesel store, which meant adding his renowned Day-Glo design to windows, interiors, and outer building exteriors.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 2000s.:Business partnerships.

paragraph: In 2007, Rosso and Diesel partnered with L'Oréal for the production of Diesel's first fragrance, labelled Fuel For Life. This was followed by a partnership with Italian carmaker FIAT in early 2008 to re-design the classic Fiat 500. Originally one of FIAT's most popular models ever, the new version, simply titled '500 by Diesel', featured several unique design details in the car's interior and exterior and was only produced in 10,000 units.

paragraph: In the spring of 2008, Rosso launched a collaboration between Diesel and sportswear giant Adidas. After Diesel made a special denim collection for Adidas that was exclusively available at Adidas Originals stores, called Adidas Originals by Diesel, the collaboration then developed into a number of additional product collaborations between Diesel, and Adidas.

paragraph: In January 2011, Rosso took Diesel into its first sponsorship of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing, the MotoGP, through a partnership with the iconic Italian manufacturer Ducati. Following the deal, Rosso said "This season in particular is extraordinary and with the arrival of Valentino Rossi, the association between our brands is perfectly in line with our 'Only the Brave' philosophy".

paragraph: In May 2011, Rosso launched the first ever Diesel bicycle, together with award-winning bicycle manufacturer Pinarello. Built as a single-speed, city bicycle with a hydro formed aluminum frame, the collaboration marked one of the first true collaborations between the bicycle and the fashion industry.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 2000s.:Diesel Black Gold.

paragraph: In February 2008, Rosso launched a new, premium line extension called Diesel Black Gold. The new line combined Diesel's original expertise in denim and casual wear with the craftsmanship of tailoring. Through its collections of artfully distressed denim and leather, new twists on traditional garments and iconic blends of past and future, Diesel Black Gold has become the largest non-designer label in the contemporary high-end fashion market, and has successfully managed to become a casual alternative to other luxury brands. After Sophia Kokosalaki left her position in 2012, Andreas Melbostad was appointed in October 2012 as Creative Director of Diesel Black Gold collections; his first show was a success with style. com claiming him to be "the perfect man for this label".

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 2000s.:Successful Living from Diesel.

paragraph: In 2009, Rosso launched Diesel's first home collection, called Successful Living from Diesel. Produced together with pioneering Italian manufacturers Moroso, Foscarini and Zucchi, For Successful Living from Diesel was credited by Wallpaper magazine for its style and comfort when it premiered at Salone del Mobile in April, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 2000s.:Advertising campaigns and Marketing.

paragraph: In the early 2000s Rosso and Diesel began to implement a mindset into their global marketing strategy that "put sales and profit second to building something special for customers, often by creating interactive user experiences that are not directly connected to retail, sales or stores." In a research study of innovative businesses presented by "The Times", much of Diesel's successful growth in the early 2000s was accredited to this mindset. The study concluded that "Diesel is an experience which interacts with and entertains its customers with a far deeper relationship than other brands", and that "It is always about engaging with the customer as opposed to selling at them: creating an enjoyable two-way dialogue as opposed to a hollow one-way monologue."

paragraph: In 2007 this approach took another step, leading to the infamous 'Heidies'. It mocked the phenomenon of reality TV and was one of the first ever campaigns by a fashion brand solely based on the Internet. It featured two models that were locked inside a room and who did whatever the online viewers suggested. The models played two mentally crazy women who, wanting to claim their 15 minutes of fame, had taken an intimate Diesel sales guy as hostage, closed themselves up in a hotel room and hijacked the company's website; requesting that they be selected for the next Diesel advertising campaign. The employee was said to work for Diesel Intimate, as the campaign was in fact the launch for the brand's new line of intimate and beachwear. The campaign became a huge success, and reached over 100,000 views daily while it was live. It was awarded at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival that same year.

paragraph: On October 11, 2008, Rosso and Diesel celebrated the company's 30th anniversary through hosting 17 parties around the world all broadcast live online and spanning across 24 hours. Following the opening in Tokyo, the live stream continued to Beijing, Dubai, Athens, Helsinki, Amsterdam, Milan, Zurich, Munich, Paris, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Barcelona, Oslo, London, São Paulo and finally ended in New York, with Rosso's attendance. The event featured live performances by Daft Punk, Earth Wind and Fire, 2manydjs, Mark Ronson, New Young Pony Club, and a pregnant M.I.A who broke her retirement for the occasion. In addition there were neverseen before mash-ups with Chaka Khan feat. Franz Ferdinand and N.E.R.D. feat. Hot Chip.

paragraph: The event was advertised through the release of a video titled 'Diesel SFW XXX Party Video', which immediately went viral and spread rapidly across the Internet, mostly due to its ironic take on 1980s style pornography. By 2011 it had been viewed more than 20 million times online and classified as one of the most successful viral campaigns ever. Additionally, the anniversary event also featured the production of a limited edition pair of jeans, called 'The Dirty Thirty'. The denim, which were for sale for one day only (on the date of the birth of the brand) at the extremely discounted price of €30 and modeled by Daisy Lowe, caused 'hysteria' and lead consumers to form mile-log lines outside Diesel stores around the world. These jeans were sold out within just a few hours worldwide.

paragraph: Throughout the 2000s Rosso and the Diesel Creative Team also continued working with a number of famous photographers and agencies, including Jean Pierre Khazem, Carl de Keyzer, Finlay McKay, Elaine Constantine, Mert Alas & Marcus Piggott, Johan Renck, and Terry Richardson, the latter for the celebrated "Global Warning Ready" campaign of 2007. In 2001, 2007, 2009, and 2010 Diesel was given Grand Prix awards at Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 2000s.:Talent support.

paragraph: In the early 2000s, Rosso pushed Diesel to start reinvesting part of the company's marketing budgets into the creative community, by financially supporting young, creative talent. This led to Diesel initiating projects like Diesel:U:Music,4560 Diesel New Art and Diesel Wall, and become a founding partner of ITS (International Talent Support). Furthermore, the company also helped launch Pocko's affordable art books in 1999, and for a number of years sponsored projects like Online Flash Film Fest and Semi-Permanent.

paragraph: In 2001, Diesel:U:Music was founded with a vision to support unsigned bands and as a reaction to an overly commercialized music industry. Consisting of an independent jury with artists and producers such as Ian McCulloch, Mark Ronson, and Ronnie Wood, the jury annually reviewed thousands of demos from around the world and selected winning, unsigned bands. By partnering with record labels like Warner Music or media publishers like "Vice", the winning artists were offered records deals and media publicity. In 2006, the project consisted of an awards show that was broadcast live on Channel 4 in Great Britain and featured legendary avant-garde rock band Roxy Music. In 2009, the project hosted a global tour and radio station. The tour featured live performances by artists like Kanye West and The Roots, who supported the competition's winning younger bands, The Terror Pigeon Dance Revolt! and HEARTSREVOLUTION. Produced in London, the Diesel:U:Music radio station was hailed by The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph for its unique quality programming, and had shows hosted by everyone from Grandmaster Flash to Franz Ferdinand. In an interview with Dazed & Confused, Rosso explained the purpose of the project, stating that "It's about giving people the tools and seeing them succeed and excel in their creativity". Through its 10-year history, the Diesel:U:Music winners included Diplo, Mylo, DJ Yoda and The Cool Kids.

paragraph: In 2002 Rosso and Diesel became founding partners of ITS (International Talent Support), a competition for young designers. While Rosso has often been a member of the jury, Diesel and the OTB, its parent company, sponsored the competition financially. In 2005, the founder of i-D Magazine, Terry Jones, credited ITS for "dedicating so much passion and commitment to the selection of designers, like no other organization."

paragraph: In 2003 and 2004, Diesel began supporting local, young artists through the Diesel New Art and Diesel Wall competitions. Diesel New Art was open to graduating artists working across various media, and would award-winning artists with solo exhibitions, shows at international art fairs, or promotion through internationally published catalogues. For Diesel Wall Diesel purchased large, unused facades in major cities and transformed them into popular exhibition spaces. Winning artworks were selected by an independent jury, and displayed on the walls for a longer period of time throughout the year. During the years a few of the jury members have included curator Hans Ulrich Obrist, film director Bigas Luna, art director and graphic designer Peter Saville, artist Patrick Tuttofuoco, art director Jérôme Sans and editors Helena Kontova and Stefano Boeri.

paragraph: Founded in 1989, ANDAM (National Association for the Development of the Fashion Arts) seeks, in the words of its president Pierre Bergé, "to identify emerging talents in contemporary fashion design and offer them the means to exist, to produce a runway show during Paris Fashion Week, and to establish and develop their label in France, thus perpetuating the dynamism of the Parisian fashion scene." Thanks to its sponsors (Fashion GPS, the Pierre Bergé Yves Saint Laurent Foundation, Longchamp, Yves Saint Laurent, Galeries Lafayette, thecorner.com, OTB, LVMH, Swarovski, Hudson's Bay Company), as well as of two public institutions, the DEFI and the French Ministry of Culture and Communication, ANDAM is the largest international fashion Prize, a driving force in the development of new fashion designers in France. Renzo Rosso, was the mentor of the 2013 ANDAM finalists. In addition to the financial endowment of the prize, the winners benefited from the strategic, creative and commercial coaching of a worldwide fashion industry entrepreneur, helping the winners develop their label and build an international reputation.

paragraph: Section::::Diesel.:Diesel in the 2000s.:Nicola Formichetti.

paragraph: In the spring of 2013, Rosso named Nicola Formichetti, the former stylist of Lady Gaga and creative director of Mugler, as Diesel's Artistic Director. The announcement followed days of speculation and was met with positive response across the fashion world and daily news press. In an interview with V Magazine following the announcement, Rosso said "I finally met somebody as crazy as I am", and explained that Formichetti's new responsibilities will be overseeing "the total view" of Diesel's brand, including product, communications, marketing and interior design.

paragraph: Formichetti's first project's included launching a groundbreaking crowd-funded advertising campaign with Tumblr. The campaign, titled #Reboot and shot by Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin, featured prominent, young creatives ranging from graffiti artists to film students instead of common models, with varying body shapes, sizes and personal styles.

paragraph: Section::::OTB.

paragraph: In the early 2000s, Rosso began investing in other fashion designers and companies that he admired for their creativity, but which often lacked financial stability; he independently emerged as a major player in the world of fashion. In 2000, Rosso made his first acquisition when he purchased Staff International and in 2008 created the holding group, OTB Group (Only The Brave). In May 2017, the group consists of Diesel, Maison Margiela, Marni, Paula Cademartoti, Viktor & Rolf, Staff International and Brave Kid, the latter being the manufacturer and distributor for a number of other fashion labels. The group counts today more than 7,000 employees worldwide.

paragraph: Section::::OTB.:Maison Margiela.

paragraph: In 2002 Rosso purchased the majority of the stakes in the Maison Margiela fashion house. Like Rosso, Maison Margiela always had a profound admiration for vintage and authenticity. In the 1990s Maison Margiela became famous for his concept of deconstruction, where he made re-designs of old wigs, canvases and vintage silk scarves, which were transformed into hand-made couture garments. Other similarities between the two can be seen in Maison Margiela's alternative methods in marketing and communication, where the designer continuously refused to partake in face-to-face interviews or photos, and always enforced media relations to be conducted by fax or email. Since the early 2000s' he has been widely acknowledged as one of the most influential and enigmatic designers on the global fashion stage. In December 2009, it was reported that Martin Margiela had quietly left the fashion house.

paragraph: In an interview with "Women's Wear Daily" in 2004, Rosso explained his admiration for Maison Margiela: "It's about being unique, and it appeals to people with strong personalities who don't want to follow the crowd." Following an investment phase by Rosso to improve production and sales, open more boutiques and add product lines, Maison Margiela had by 2005 increased their sales to €30 million, compared to €15 million in 2002. In 2008 the company showed profitability for the first time since the acquisition, reaching sales above €60 million. In an interview with Suzy Menkes in 2005, Rosso explained the success as the result of a new management structure within the company, which Rosso had initiated in order to give Martin Margiela more freedom and time for creativity. "He can just create, I take care of all the rest." Further on, Rosso explained that Martin Margiela himself was always fully independent, saying that "It is still 100 percent Margiela - he checks every single fabric and fitting, and I can propose but he can refuse."

paragraph: During the first years following the acquisition there were various rumors of problems between the two. However, this was frequently denied from both sides. In a unique letter dialogue between Malcolm McLaren and Martin Margiela, published by "The New York Times" in 2005, McLaren asked how it was working for the "tough, swaggering cowboy" Renzo Rosso. Margiela's response was "We are very, very happy with the way our collaboration with Renzo is building. Renzo has brought us more stability, financial and spiritual -- we are growing together in the best way possible."

paragraph: Section::::OTB.:Marni.

paragraph: On December 20, 2012, OTB acquired an undisclosed majority of the stakes in Marni, an Italian fashion house founded by the Castiglioni family in 1994. Following the deal, founder Gianni Castiglioni said, "I am satisfied of the agreement reached with OTB. This is an extraordinary opportunity of further development for our company, whilst preserving the brand's identity and the entrepreneurial spirit of our family." In a comment to The New York Times’ Suzy Menkes, Rosso said he believed he could help Marni achieve "new, incredible goals." In an interview with WWD, he explained that "Marni represents exactly the concept of fashion I would love to see associated with OTB - a style that's unique, recognizable, individual, fresh and modern; an international outlook.

paragraph: After months of speculation, the purchase was met with a positive response across the fashion industry and boosted Rosso’s plans of developing a modern fashion conglomerate with OTB. WWD credited the deal to further help Marni's international expansion, while Reuters reported it being "a rare case in a luxury industry where most deals are made in France and Asia", that "confirms Rosso as a dynamic fashion entrepreneur in Italy." Though Italy is among the top fashion producers in the world, it has not seen as much unification within the industry compared to France, much due to its fragmented, family-owned industry".

paragraph: Section::::OTB.:Viktor & Rolf.

paragraph: In July 2008, Rosso purchased the majority of the stakes in Viktor & Rolf. Following the deal, Rolf Snoeren, of Viktor & Rolf said to The New York Times "We have high ambitions. We talked for two years because it is such an important step. We wanted to make sure we marry the right partner. Renzo understand's creativity and has the vision and power to make a success."

paragraph: Rosso's ability to do the unexpected is evident in the history of Viktor & Rolf as well, who have been described as the fashion industry's most 'unpredictable showmen'. While their collections are always highly anticipated for their level of entertainment and amusement, their shows tend to utilize astonishing techniques. For instance once they had models wearing clothing upside down and carrying their own bulky lighting structures. In their famous "One Woman Show" in 2003, they employed actress Tilda Swinton, and models that resembled her, for the complete catwalk. For the spring/summer presentation in Paris, 2009, the duo controversially opted to broadcast their show solely on the Internet, instead of doing a live runway. In 2008, the same year that the brand was purchased by Rosso, a retrospective exhibition of their work was held at the Barbican Centre in London, Europe's largest performing arts center. To much acclaim of the press, the show included many pieces of the designers' famous dolls.

paragraph: Section::::OTB.:Staff International.

paragraph: In October 2000, Rosso purchased Staff International, an Italian fashion manufacturing and distributing company that licensed brands such as Vivienne Westwood and Maison Margiela. Staff International has gained a strong reputation in the prêt-a-porter arena, enabling it over the years to work for designers and brands such as Karl Lagerfeld, Emanuel Ungaro, Valentino, Costume National, Clements Ribeiro and Missoni, among others. Following the purchase, Rosso brought onboard licenses for DSquared2 in 2001 and Just Cavalli in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::OTB.:Results.

paragraph: In retrospect, the acquisitions by Rosso have widely been considered financially and artistically successful on mutual levels. For Staff International the turnover grew from €25 million to €200 million following the first years of the acquisition. As DSquared2 emerged from underground status to a major brand in 2003, Rosso was credited to be one of its key factors to success and in 2009, British daily newspaper The Times credited Rosso for making it a globally recognized brand.

paragraph: Additionally, many of the designers have acknowledged Rosso for how he has respected their creative freedom. In 2005, Martin Margiela himself said in a public statement how much he appreciated working with Rosso. In 2010, Viktor Horsting and Rolf Snoeren of Viktor & Rolf said "Rosso is unique, a businessman who is also creative and would not interfere with our aesthetic and quality-control. He is the perfect fit".

paragraph: Section::::Style and vision.

paragraph: Called the 'denim-nicolas cage' by British cult magazine "Pop" and the 'King of high-end casual wear' by "The New York Times", Rosso has been credited for establishing the market for premium denim and creating the prêt-a-porter of casual wear.

paragraph: Section::::Style and vision.:Creative vision.

paragraph: In Rosso's original idea for Diesel he envisioned creating denim-centric casual wear that had its own distinctive style, and which lead but didn't follow common trends. In 2008, Rosso explained: "I was born in the 50's, and I grew up with the 'American myth' in my head and in my eyes: James Dean, Marlon Brando, Coca-Cola and, of course, jeans. I was completely fascinated by that world, as most kids were. So, when I created Diesel, it was natural for me to concentrate on the product that I felt was close to my mentality, denim."

paragraph: At the time, denim had only recently evolved from a working-class uniform and was still relatively cheap. After Rosso acquired full control of Diesel in 1985 he began focusing on hand-treated denim, which meant he would 'age' the denim himself by scrubbing it with stones and sandpaper.

paragraph: In an interview with Suzy Menkes in 2003, Rosso explains the difficulty he had in the beginning with selling treated vintage-styled jeans. "When I started a vintage collection, nobody had heard about it. Today it is easy to talk about 'vintage'; 25 years ago when we did stonewashed jeans, customers sent them back. What guy wanted $99 jeans when $50 was the normal U.S. price? Every style step was difficult."

paragraph: In 2001 Rosso's ambition to elevate the status of denim took another step when Diesel launched the Diesel Denim Gallery in New York City, Tokyo and Osaka. After the Diesel Creative Team had independently handcrafted each pair, the denim was showcased as art pieces part of very limited edition collections, alongside art installations made by local or international artists. A few years later, Rosso explained this ambition, saying "My strongest aspiration has always been to make good and quality things. I've never worked for money in my life. My passion, my strength, my enthusiasm comes from the will of making something before- and better- than others"

paragraph: Section::::Style and vision.:Influences.

paragraph: Rosso's deep passion for vintage items has been evident in every Diesel collection since he took charge of the company in 1985. In the first Diesel collections that came in the years that followed, Rosso would mix Americana and vintage clothes with everything from science fiction to the Wild West, using props that ranged from old detergent packages to objects found in junk shops. The style created an atmosphere that enhanced the collections, store décors and advertising campaigns. In a famous interview with "Women's Wear Daily", Rosso once said "I don't believe in the concept of new. An older object has more charm than a new one, so do the stores, even when they are new they must not look so." It was also this passion for vintage that became the common ground on which Rosso's background from Diesel met with the aesthetics of Maison Margiela, who has used authentic vintage garments in all of his collections since 1989.

paragraph: Besides 'vintage', Rosso has often said his biggest inspiration is his family, street fashion of the world, and popular culture, confessing that he regularly reads 150 magazines a month to stay up to date.

paragraph: Section::::Business life.

paragraph: Section::::Business life.:Autobiographies.

paragraph: During his life Rosso has published four books, titled 'Forty' (Diesel, 1996), 'Fifty' (Gestalten Verlag, 2005), 'Be Stupid: For Successful Living' (Rizzoli, 2011) and 'Radical Renaissance 55+5' (Assouline, 2016). Published in English, Italian, German, Japanese and Korean, 'Be Stupid: For Successful Living' is a manual of practical and theoretical business advice that draws on his experience as a creative entrepreneur, where he explains how the braveness to make brave decisions and the ability to see things for how they could be has helped him build a successful company. It follows the concept of Diesel's award-winning 'Be Stupid' campaign from 2009, which is based on a philosophy Rosso has practiced much throughout his life and career.

paragraph: Published for Rosso's 40th and 50th birthdays respectively, 'Forty' and 'Fifty' look at the key moments in Diesel's history, from its "jeans & workwear" beginnings followed by years of groundbreaking advertising, to its current premium positioning. The latter publication includes contributions from the Dalai Lama, Vivienne Westwood, Paul Smith, Alexander McQueen, Maison Martin Margiela, Bono, Vincent Gallo, Naomi Campbell, Terry Jones, Kevin Roberts, Peter Saville, Dazed & Confused, Numéro and Vogue.

paragraph: Published on Renzo Rosso' 60th birthday, "Radical Renaissance 55+5" traces the evolution of his forward-thinking group of companies and features the provocative photography of eye-catching campaigns, groundbreaking runway shows, and previously unreleased behind-the-scenes images. The volume explores the worlds of design visionaries including Martin Margiela, Nicola Formichetti, John Galliano, Consuelo Castiglioni and Viktor Horsting and Rolf Snoeren.

paragraph: Section::::Business life.:Management style.

paragraph: After taking charge of Diesel in 1985, Rosso strived to build a team of international, like-minded designers. Thereafter, and ever since Diesel established itself on the international market, Rosso has consistently credited the company's success to his hard-working staff. When Diesel was awarded "Advertiser of the Year" at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival in 1998, Rosso wanted to play a prank on the organizers. When he was asked to come onstage, he surprised the 3,000 guests by bringing his whole Creative Team on stage; all dressed the same way and wearing identical wigs that mimicked his curly hair. Before accepting the award, he introduced everyone in his team one-by-one to the audience, and explained that the prize in fact belonged to his hard-working team, not just himself.

paragraph: Rosso often refers to the company "as his other family" and would until the late 1990s hire every new employee himself, often by looking for creative people at unexpected locations and simply ask if they would come and work for him. Since 2000, Rosso has used Diesel's partnership with ITS as a method for scouting talented young designers, by welcoming the winning designer to complete a paid six-month internship at the company's design headquarters.

paragraph: Throughout his career, Rosso has encouraged his employees to feel comfortable in expressing themselves, and to dare to make risky decisions. In the book 'Fifty', Rosso's management style was explained by some of Diesel's employees as "he listens to you and appreciates your advice, and even though he remains the boss, he's not inflexible. The whole concept of the brand is freedom and self-expression, so he's tried to see it that we can express ourselves through our work."

paragraph: During the 2000s, Rosso became known for throwing major parties for his employees and fans, to thank them for their contribution to the company's success. In September 2003, Rosso and Diesel organized a large party for its employees and people living in Rosso's hometown, Bassano del Grappa, to celebrate the company's 25th anniversary. During a 15-hour festival that featured performances by Moby, Jovanotti, Puppetmastaz and DJ Yoda, among others, 25,000 square meters of parkland had been transformed into "Dieseland". The event entertained more than 40,000 visitors, including celebrities like Naomi Campbell, who had flown in just for the occasion.

paragraph: In October 2008, when Diesel was about to celebrate its 30th anniversary, Rosso had requested the company "once and for all show the world how to throw a good party". This resulted in a massive event that took place across 17 major cities around the world during 24 hours. It featured performances by artists like M.I.A., Chaka Khan, and N.E.R.D., totalled more than 80,000 visitors onsite, and more than one million viewers online.

paragraph: In 2010, Rosso threw a large party to celebrate the opening of the company's new headquarters in Breganze. The party, which also celebrated his 55th birthday and hosted more than a thousand guests, featured live performances by some of Rosso's personal friends and favorite artists, including Wyclef Jean, Pharrell Williams and Jovanotti.

paragraph: Section::::Business life.:Business strategy.

paragraph: Ever since Diesel established itself as a global fashion brand, many have seen Rosso's brave vision and bold mind as one of the key factors to Diesel's breakthroughs and overall success. Hailed by "The New York Times" to have "innovation as his permanent state of mind" and by "Business Week" to have achieved "one of the greatest marketing success stories in the fashion world", Rosso was in 2004 credited to have the "high-voltage vision that lifted advertising out of its moody doldrums, swept international awards and kept fashion hounds thirsting." Starting with Diesel's first ads in 1991, his irreverent approach has shocked the advertising establishment, won accolades, and inspired a generation of copycats. Diesel was the first to poke fun at the marketing of fashion, starting with campaigns that pictured exaggerated overweight people wearing Diesel jeans.

paragraph: According to Rosso, this courage is also why he is frequently praised for foreseeing and setting trends, whether it is for design, advertising or business ventures, saying that "…being brave, being confident with oneself, wanting to innovate and challenge, and never being satisfied. It means being open to new things and listening to your intuition". One such example is when the brand was experiencing great financial growth and success in the late '90s, and Rosso decided to narrow the distribution points of sales from 10,000 to 5,000 in order to gain better control over the consumer's general brand experience. In an interview with the founder of "i-D magazine", Terry Jones, Rosso explained "I actually prevented Diesel from growing too big, because I wanted us to maintain our credibility… We don't want to be the biggest- we want to be the coolest of the biggest."

paragraph: Section::::Business life.:Investments.

paragraph: At the end of the 2000s he invested his worth into an anonymous but intelligent designer, Ranieri a.k.a. RB then Rosso began to make investments through his private investment company, Red Circle. This, together with the successful growth of OTB, lead to media often comparing him to the French businessmen Bernard Arnault and François Pinault, the chairmen of the LVMH and Kering conglomerates respectively, who own several of the world's leading luxury brands. However, in an interview in April 2011 with Italian daily newspaper Corriere della Sera, Rosso stated that he never intended to follow their route, but that he instead wanted to build a conglomerate that is "more democratic" and an alternative. "I have great respect for luxury, a sector that is doing very well, but it is too conservative. My dream, however, is to be a meeting point for the brands of new generations, who will be future leaders."

paragraph: Rosso's first investment through Red Circle was made in March 2009, when he purchased 4.9% of the stocks in Yoox, an online mail-order retailer of multi-brand clothing. In the spring of 2011 he increased his shares to 6% and later stated that he was looking to purchase more shares, if anyone else was willing to sell.

paragraph: In April 2011, Rosso purchased a 20% stake of the start-up incubator H-Farm. The investment was one of the first major investments where a businessman from the fashion industry chose to invest in the high-tech market. Founded in 2005 and based outside Venice, H-Farm makes seed investments in new startups. With offices in Seattle, Mumbai and London, it invested $13.62 million in 26 startups during its first five years. Following the deal, Rosso said "I'm a great fan of H-Farm which I always associate to Silicon Valley: 250 young people connected with thousands of creative people all over the world. It's like a hothouse of ideas and innovation that constantly stimulates my vision of the world and of the way to do business. The digital world fascinates and excites me, my personal investment choices are clearly showing it."

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.:Only The Brave Foundation.

paragraph: In 2008, Rosso launched the Only The Brave Foundation, a not-for-profit organization, created with the mission to rebalance social inequality and contribute to the sustainable development of less advantaged areas and people throughout the world. Though Rosso is not a Buddhist, he stated in 2008 that he had been inspired to start the foundation after having met the Dalai Lama in 2005, who suggested Rosso use his global business possibilities to create a foundation to help the needy.

paragraph: In 2009, Rosso, together with Millennium Promise, started supporting the development of the Only The Brave Millennium Village, in Dioro, Mali. Following the model of the Millennium Villages, which help communities lift themselves out of extreme poverty, the first steps in Mali included distributing seeds and fertilizers to boost agriculture, providing bed nets to decrease malaria, and the construction of a new health clinic. Additionally, a new primary school, equipped and run with solar panels, was built with expanded classrooms, latrines for boys and girls and a new school kitchen. In the spring of 2010 Rosso visited the village to personally oversee the development. At a press conference in September, the CEO of Millennium Promise, John McArthur, said "Renzo and the Only The Brave Foundation bring an extraordinary spirit of creativity and entrepreneurship to this collaboration, all driven by passion to end extreme poverty."

paragraph: Later that year, Rosso was named a Millennium Promise Millennium Development Goals Global Leader at the United Nations in conjunction with the Millennium Development Goals Summit, alongside Senegalese musician and UNICEF ambassador Youssou Ndour, Microsoft-founder Bill Gates, musician and activist Bob Geldof, Queen Rania of Jordan, Nobel Prize winner Muhammad Yunus, and philanthropist Ted Turner, among others. Established in 2005, Millennium Promise is the leading international non-profit organization solely committed to supporting the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals to halve extreme poverty by 2015.

paragraph: In February 2012, Rosso was invited by the Permanent Mission of Italy to the United Nations to host a press conference at The United Nations together with Jeffrey Sachs, Director of The Earth Institute at Columbia University and Special Advisor to The United Nations' Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, about the progress of Millennium Promise and the Only The Brave Foundation. The press conference was part of a series called "Un caffè con..." (A coffee with...) that also included Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti. Following the conference, Italian newspaper "La Stampa" wrote "Take a visionary like Renzo Rosso and an insightful, realistic economist like Jeffrey Sachs, and it turns out extreme poverty really can disappear from Africa".

paragraph: On July 6, 2012, Rosso announced that the Only The Brave Foundation would begin supporting APOPO, a social enterprise that researches, develops and disseminates detection rat technology for humanitarian purposes, a de-mining mission in Mozambique and Tuberculosis scanning in Tanzania and Mozambique. Following the investment, Rosso told Italian newspaper "Il Giornale di Vicenza" "When I heard about this project I thought it was impossible not to get involved. It is innovative and sustainable, and everything we want to support. One can't feel but admiration for a foundation like this."

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.:Brave Circle.

paragraph: On July 26, 2012, Rosso created the Brave Circle Fund to help people hit by the 2012 earthquakes in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. A personal endowment of 5 million Euro, is dedicated to setting up a micro-credit program for local people and small and medium enterprises who need help in reconstructing homes and businesses, but who normally would not have access to the traditional banking system because of their lack of guarantees. At launch, Rosso said the aim was to fund "700-800 projects with € 5,000-50,000 each"

paragraph: Following the donation, Rosso told the Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera, "I was moved by the people of Emilia-Romagna's will to immediately come back to work after the earthquake. As an entrepreneur and a promoter of social entrepreneurship, I decided to help this population in the way I know best: stimulating a sustainable co-responsibility. This activity is extremely modern because it consists of concrete help from an entrepreneur to other entrepreneurs and to families, not in a welfare perspective but through a financial tool, exalting people's creativity and skills."

paragraph: The donation was well received by national and international press, as well as on social media, who complimented Rosso for being the first entrepreneur in Italy to help other entrepreneurs utilizing microcredit.

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.:Rialto Bridge.

paragraph: On December 14, The New York Times reported that Rosso would donate 5 million euros to restore Venice's famous Rialto Bridge. The donation would be made through Rosso's holding company OTB. In a statement to WWD, Rosso said "A modern entrepreneur should help, not replace, the public administration that is often overburdened with costs", explaining that "Venice is close to my heart, the city where I went to university, and a point of reference for me." Following the donation, Alessandro Maggioni, Venice's councilor in charge of public works, said, "We are facing a period of severe crisis in Italy, and even a city like Venice doesn’t have the means to cover all the restoration and maintenance works its immense cultural heritage would require. This is why Renzo Rosso’s commitment is so important for us: it is a message for the entire world."

paragraph: Built in 1592, the bridge hasn't been restored since 1975. The restoration is expected to take 18 months, once the preliminary research is carried out, and should be finished by February 2016, according to a statement by Venice city officials. In a phone interview with the newspaper Corriere della Sera, Rosso explained "Master craftspeople will meticulously clean the stone, which will take some time, it’s a bit like restoring a painting. The cleaning will be preceded by a careful analysis of the bridge, which will include study of the foundations by scuba divers. We want this restoration to last for the next 1,000 years."

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.:Donations.

paragraph: In January 2010, Rosso donated $500,000 to the people affected by the earthquake in Haiti. The funds were provided to Yéle Haiti, a foundation established by Rosso's long-term acquaintance, Wyclef Jean.

paragraph: In June 2008, Rosso donated 2,000,000 HKD ($250,000) to the Special Relief Fund for Children Affected by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, established by UNICEF to help children affected by the tremor in southwest China on May 12.

paragraph: Throughout the 2000s, Rosso has been a supporter of AmfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research.,

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.:Additional projects.

paragraph: Since 2010 Rosso has personally invested also in projects focused on his home region of Veneto, North East Italy. This includes bringing free public Wi-Fi and initiating restoration projects in his hometown of Bassano del Grappa.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: Since the early 1990s Rosso has won multiple awards across fashion, advertising and business.

paragraph: In 2015, Renzo Rosso received an honorary research doctorate in business economics from the University of Rome Tor Vergata. Rosso has been recognized for his efforts "as an entrepreneur who changed the way people intuit, imagine, think, plan and spread style and the way of dressing around the world, giving value to the territory he works in".

paragraph: In October 2011, Rosso was knighted Cavaliere del Lavoro by the President of Italy, Giorgio Napolitano. The award ceremony took place at the Quadriennale in Rome and was broadcast live on RAI in Italy.

paragraph: In 2010, Rosso was named Millennium Promise Millennium Development Goals Global Leader in conjunction with the Millennium Development Goals Summit, at the United Nations in New York.

paragraph: Rosso received the Advertiser of the Year in 1998 and Grand Prix awards in 2010, 2009, 2007, 2001 1997, and 1992, at Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival.

paragraph: In 2006 "Hollywood Life" magazine prized Rosso with the "Fashion Visionary" award in Los Angeles, and cited Diesel "as one of the most innovative and successful brands in fashion."

paragraph: In 2005, Rosso was named "Man of the Year" by the German edition of "GQ"; received the Pitti Imagine Award, in Florence; the Creative Vision of Business Award from the Mayor of Rome, Walter Veltroni; and the Textilwirtschaft Forum Preis in Heidelberg, for his "outstanding personal and business achievements in the fashion and textile industry."

paragraph: In 2004 Rosso, received the International Leading Entrepreneur Award in Monte Carlo. Presented at the Monaco Investors Week, it honors the efforts of a businessman who represents vision, professional ethics and the courage to undertake a particular venture.

paragraph: In 2003 Rosso received Movieline's Hollywood Life Annual Breakthrough of the Year Award in Los Angeles, acknowledging how Diesel managed to break through into the American market.

paragraph: In 1997, the English music and trend magazine "Select" cited Renzo as one of "the 100 most important people in the world who will contribute to the shape of the new millennium." That same year Ernst & Young nominated Rosso "Entrepreneur of the Year" for Diesel's strong development in the U.S.

paragraph: In 1996, Rosso and Diesel received the "Premio Risultati" award for "Best Italian Company of the Year" from Bocconi University in Milan.

paragraph: Rosso has received honorary degrees from University of Verona, Italy, in 2005; and from the CUOA Foundation of Altavilla Vicentina, Italy, in 2000, who cited Diesel as "one of the entrepreneurial phenomena of the 1990s."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Born in Brugine (Padova), since the mid-1970s Rosso has resided in Bassano del Grappa, Veneto. In an interview with CNN in 2004, Rosso said he usually spends his free time practicing yoga and Pilates, playing soccer, jogging, and snowboarding.

paragraph: Besides work, Rosso has explained his biggest passion and inspiration in life is his family. He is the father of seven children, and his two eldest sons are currently active in OTB.

paragraph: In 2001 Rosso began manufacturing and selling wine and olive oil. The products, called Rosso di Rosso (Merlot & Cabernet Sauvignon), Nero di Rosso (Pinot noir), Bianco di Rosso (Chardonnay), Grappa di Rosso (grappa), and Olio di Rosso (extra virgin olive oil) are produced at the 105-hectare Diesel Farm in Marostica, Veneto, a few kilometers from his home.

paragraph: Rosso is an avid art collector and enthusiast, and frequently travels to exhibitions and art fairs all around the world. Besides owning works of Andy Warhol and contemporary Italian artist Francesco Vezzoli, Basquiat, Schnabel, Fontana, Rosso has continuously pushed Diesel to support younger, talented artists, by initiating and sponsoring a wide range of projects across the arts, including Diesel New Art and Diesel Wall.

paragraph: In 1996, Rosso was asked to take charge of Bassano Virtus 55 S.T., the soccer team of his hometown Bassano del Grappa. As a thanks for all the local support that he has received when building the Diesel company, he began to support the team financially and also agreed to help manage the club. Since then, the team has successfully advanced from Italy's lower divisions to the country's third highest division, the Lega Pro Prima Divisione.

paragraph: Section::::Film/Documentary/Music.

paragraph: In 2015, Rosso took part in the documentary film "Marithé + François = Girbaud" directed by Jérémie Carboni.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official OTB website

description: Italian fashion designer, founder of Diesel and OTB (Only The Brave)

wikidata_label: Renzo Rosso

wikipedia_title: Renzo Rosso


text:
Beijing
Chinese
gymnast
pommel horse
2004 Olympics
Xiao Qin
Huang Yubin
Zhang Nan
Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Teng Haibin (Parallel Bars)

categories: Gymnasts at the 2010 Asian Games,Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Gymnasts from Beijing,Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships,Asian Games medalists in gymnastics,1985 births,Olympic gold medalists for China,Asian Games bronze medalists for China,Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games,Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games,Chinese male artistic gymnasts,Olympic medalists in gymnastics,Olympic gymnasts of China,World champion gymnasts,Asian Games gold medalists for China,Gymnasts at the 2002 Asian Games,Gymnasts at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Teng Haibin

paragraph: Teng Haibin (; born January 2, 1985 in Beijing) is a male Chinese gymnast. He is a Two Time World Champion as well as an Olympic gold medalist on the pommel horse. He cost his team a medal at the 2004 Olympics with multiple falls on every apparatus (except his specialty pommel horse). He and Xiao Qin are considered personal favorites of Head Coach Huang Yubin.

paragraph: He is married to Olympics all-around bronze medalist, Zhang Nan.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teng Haibin (Parallel Bars)

description: gymnast

wikidata_label: Teng Haibin

wikipedia_title: Teng Haibin


text:
Italian
condottiero
Jacopo dal Verme
Muzio Attendolo
Joan II of Naples
Bolognesi
Republic of Venice
Carmagnola
Republic of Florence
Filippo Maria Visconti
Duke of Milan
Lombardy
Niccolò Piccinino
Bellinzona
Francesco Piccinino
Scaramuccia da Forlì
Estensi
Ambrosian Republic
Francesco Sforza
Milan
plague
Wars in Lombardy

paragraph: Luigi dal Verme

paragraph: Luigi dal Verme (died 1449) was an Italian condottiero.

paragraph: The son of the condottiero Jacopo dal Verme, initially he followed the latter's campaigns, then fought in the company of Muzio Attendolo in the war against Joan II of Naples. Later he was hired by the Bolognesi and then by the Republic of Venice. He married Luchina Bussone, daughter of condottiero Carmagnola.

paragraph: After fighting in the war between the Republic of Florence and Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, the latter give him the title of count and several fiefs. In 1437 he returned to Lombardy and, together with Niccolò Piccinino, defended Bellinzona but was defeated at Orzinuovi and Soncino. In 1446, for Visconti, he besieged Cremona with Francesco Piccinino, but was pushed back by Scaramuccia da Forlì's Venetian troops.

paragraph: Later he was commander-in-chief of the Estensi army. He was defeated at Monte Brianza by Attendolo. When in 1447 the Ambrosian Republic was proclaimed, he joined Francesco Sforza in its defence, contributing to the latter's conquest of Milan. Finished the war, dal Verme obtained by him the confirmation of his fief in Lombardy.

paragraph: Dal Verme was wounded in the siege of Monza and died soon afterwards, most likely of plague.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wars in Lombardy

description: Italian condottiero

wikidata_label: Luigi dal Verme

wikipedia_title: Luigi dal Verme


text:
Webster, Massachusetts
Hartford, Connecticut
pitcher
Washington Nationals

categories: Wilmington Blue Hens players,Newark Little Giants players,Syracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players,1864 births,Hartford Babies players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Baseball players from Massachusetts,People from Webster, Massachusetts,Washington Nationals (1886–89) players,1929 deaths,19th-century baseball players,Newark Domestics players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Hartford Dark Blues (minor league) players,Canandaigua (minor league baseball) players

paragraph: Frank Gilmore

paragraph: Frank T. Gilmore (April 27, 1864 in Webster, Massachusetts – July 21, 1929 in Hartford, Connecticut) was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from -. He would play for the Washington Nationals.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Frank Gilmore

wikipedia_title: Frank Gilmore


text: Puerto Rican

text: first base coach

text: Los Angeles Angels

text: American League

text: baseball

text: outfielder

text: New York Mets

text: 1997 Major League Baseball draft

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: draft-and-follow

text: Yakima Bears

text: Northwest League

text: Juan Pierre

text: Vero Beach Dodgers

text: San Bernardino Stampede

text: California League

text: Jacksonville Suns

text: Cangrejeros de Santurce

text: Puerto Rico Baseball League

text: Tampa Bay Devil Rays

text: Orlando Rays

text: Montgomery Biscuits

text: Bakersfield Blaze

text: Washington Nationals

text: Harrisburg Senators

text: Oaxaca Warriors

text: Mexican League

text: New York Mets

text: Puerto Rico

text: Florida Marlins

text: International League

text: Carlos Beltrán

text: Jeff Francoeur

text: Texas Rangers

text: Lucas Duda

text: Tampa Bay Rays

text: 2009 Caribbean Series

text: Leones de Ponce

text: Lobos de Arecibo

text: Indios de Mayagüez

text: 2009 World Baseball Classic

text: Carlos Beltrán

text: Alex Ríos

text: Bill Buckner

categories: People from Bayamón, Puerto Rico,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Harrisburg Senators players,Minor league baseball managers,Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico,1979 births,New York Mets players,Diablos Rojos del México players,Major League Baseball outfielders,Guerreros de Oaxaca players,New Orleans Zephyrs players,Orlando Rays players,Eugene Emeralds managers,Cangrejeros de Santurce (baseball) players,2009 World Baseball Classic players,Major League Baseball first base coaches,Vero Beach Dodgers players,Los Angeles Angels coaches,Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Mexico,Bakersfield Blaze players,Durham Bulls players,San Bernardino Stampede players,Living people,Montgomery Biscuits players,Rojos del Águila de Veracruz players,Binghamton Mets players,Jacksonville Suns players,Mexican League baseball center fielders,Yakima Bears players

paragraph: Jesús Feliciano

paragraph: Jesús Feliciano (born June 6, 1979) is the Puerto Rican first base coach of the Los Angeles Angels of the American League. He is a former professional baseball outfielder. Feliciano previously played for the New York Mets.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: Feliciano was originally picked in the 36th round of the 1997 Major League Baseball draft by the Los Angeles Dodgers as a draft-and-follow player. He signed in May and debuted as a professional with the short-season Yakima Bears that summer. He batted .305 with 26 RBI, and stole 34 bases in 44 attempts in 77 games, finishing four steals behind Northwest League leader Juan Pierre. Feliciano led the Northwest League in at-bats with 302, outfield putouts with 191, and outfield double plays.

paragraph: In , Feliciano played for the Advanced-A Vero Beach Dodgers and he stole 20 bases in 30 tries. He played for the Class-A Advanced San Bernardino Stampede in and batted .289, stealing 31 bases while being caught 11 times. He fielded .996, leading California League outfielders.

paragraph: Feliciano spent back at Vero Beach and hit .262, stealing 22 bases in 32 attempts. Feliciano again led his league's outfielders in fielding percentage, this time handling 284 chances without an error.

paragraph: Feliciano struggled in playing for the Jacksonville Suns, only batting .237 in 100 games. He hit .300 that winter for the Cangrejeros de Santurce in the Puerto Rico Baseball League.

paragraph: He began even worse than he had done in the summer of '02, hitting .138 and 4 RBI in 37 games. He was released by Dodgers on May 29.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Devil Rays.

paragraph: He later was signed by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays where he played in 72 games for the Double-A Orlando Rays. He also played for Montgomery Biscuits and in 68 games for the High Class-A Bakersfield Blaze.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Nationals.

paragraph: He was signed by the Washington Nationals organization and played for the Harrisburg Senators. He also spent time with the Oaxaca Warriors in the Mexican League.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: On June 7, 2010 the New York Mets selected the contract of the 31-year-old outfielder. He went to Puerto Rico to play against the Florida Marlins in a three-game series. He had been leading the International League in hitting with a batting average of .385. On July 12, he was demoted for the return of the injured Carlos Beltrán. On August 22, 2010 he was called up from Triple-A Buffalo to take the place of Rod Barajas.

paragraph: When the Mets traded Jeff Francoeur to the Texas Rangers, Jesus was sent down to the Minors again to make room for rookie outfielder Lucas Duda.

paragraph: On November 5, 2010, Feliciano was sent down to the minors to Triple-A Buffalo, then became a free agent after refusing the minor league assignment.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Rays.

paragraph: The Tampa Bay Rays signed Feliciano to a minor league contract on January 19, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:Caribbean Series.

paragraph: In the 2009 Caribbean Series, he played for the Leones de Ponce.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:Puerto Rico Winter League.

paragraph: In the 2009–2010 season he played with the Lobos de Arecibo. In the 2011–2012 season he played with the league champions Indios de Mayagüez.

paragraph: Section::::International career.:World Baseball Classic.

paragraph: He was selected to play on the Puerto Rican national team for the 2009 World Baseball Classic, where he was the starting left fielder alongside major leaguers Carlos Beltrán and Alex Ríos.

paragraph: He has retired and has replaced Bill Buckner as Hitting coach for Boise Hawks the Chicago Cubs single A team.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico

description: Puerto Rican baseball player

wikidata_label: Jesús Feliciano

wikipedia_title: Jesús Feliciano


text:
Trogir
Croatian
Šubić
Klis Fortress
Klis
Omiš
Skradin
Venice
Knin
Ivan Nelipić
Paul II
Ostrovica
Klis
Jelena Šubić
Vladislav Kotromanić
Tvrtko I
Serbian
Jelena
Serbia
Dušan
Louis I
Cathedral of St. Lawrence in Trogir
Klis Fortress
Catherine Dandolo
Pavao III Šubić
Andrea Dandolo
Venetians
Jelena Šubić (Nemanjić)
Jelena Šubić
Tvrtko I
Louis I of Hungary
Juraj II Šubić
Pavao I Šubić Bribirski
Mladen IV Šubić
Katharina Šubić of Croatia
Piast
Bolesław III the Generous
Klis
Skradin
Omiš
Marquis
Croatia
Šubić
Klis Fortress

categories: 1348 deaths,Šubić,Year of birth uncertain

paragraph: Mladen III Šubić

paragraph: Mladen III Šubić () ( 1315 – Trogir, 1 May 1348) was a member of the Croatian Šubić noble family, who ruled from Klis Fortress. He was in possession of Klis, Omiš and Skradin. He is also known as Shield of the Croats (clipeus Croatorum), according to the latin epitaph in verse on his grave in Trogir.

paragraph: Section::::Ruler.

paragraph: He formally succeeded his father upon his death, though the territories were initially controlled by his mother Lelka until he reached adulthood in 1332. She continued to have considerable influence on his politics afterwards. He successfully warred against the coalition of Dalmatian cities under Venice and the nobility under Duke of Knin, Ivan Nelipić, whom he defeated in 1335. He also strengthened his position by ousting opposition within his clan either through military or diplomatic means. He allowed his uncle Paul II to secede as the Prince of Ostrovica.

paragraph: He was the famous Šubić from Klis, where he married his sister Jelena Šubić (died c. 1378) to Regent of Bosnia Vladislav Kotromanić. Jelena Šubić gave birth to the first Bosnian king, Tvrtko I. Regardless of the diplomatic and dynastic success, Mladen could not save Šubić family from its fall, because he was almost only one left to defend it. Before the death he married Serbian Jelena, half-sister of the Serbian ruler Dušan, but even this relationship couldn't help Šubić's family. Following the death od Ivan Nelipić, he became the principal opposition to the king in 1344.

paragraph: He allied himself with the Republic of Venice and took the title of Marquess of Croatia, with the intention of overthrowing royal power of Louis I over rest of Croatia, but his preparations were halted. Duke Mladen III Šubić died on 1 May 1348, from the plague, and is buried in the Cathedral of St. Lawrence in Trogir.

paragraph: Section::::Ruler.:The aftermath.

paragraph: After Mladen's death, a great political and military struggle for control over Klis Fortress arose.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Dandolo the wife of Pavao III Šubić and relative of doge Andrea Dandolo wanted the fortress for Venetians

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jelena Šubić (Nemanjić) (his wife-widow) wanted the fortress for her half-brother Dušan of Serbia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jelena Šubić (his sister) wanted the fortress for her son Tvrtko I of Bosnia.

paragraph: After several diplomatic games and battles between the armies, Klis became again the city of king Louis I of Hungary (Ludovik I. Anžuvinac).

paragraph: Section::::Family connections.

paragraph: Mladen III Šubić was (probably oldest) son of Juraj II Šubić and grandson of Pavao I Šubić Bribirski, who was the most powerful Croatian noble at the end of the thirteenth century and beginning of the fourteenth century.

paragraph: Mladen III Šubić had two children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mladen IV Šubić

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katharina Šubić of Croatia (? –1358) who married Piast Duke of Legnica-Brzeg Bolesław III the Generous in 1326.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince of Klis, Skradin and Omiš

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marquis of Croatia (from 1348)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Šubić

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klis Fortress

description: Croatian nobleman

wikidata_label: Mladen III Šubić of Bribir

wikipedia_title: Mladen III Šubić


text:
Canadian
Halifax
Nova Scotia
spoken word
Summerside
Prince Edward Island
Ottawa
British Columbia
The Coast
Jenn Grant
YouTube
Jim Bryson
The Acorn Press
poet laureate
Halifax Regional Municipality
Millefiore Clarkes
National Film Board of Canada
PEI
Heartbeat
queer
Tanya Davis

categories: Feminist musicians,People from Summerside, Prince Edward Island,Musicians from Prince Edward Island,21st-century Canadian actresses,LGBT songwriters,Queer women,Canadian feminists,Actresses from Prince Edward Island,Canadian folk singer-songwriters,Year of birth missing (living people),Writers from Prince Edward Island,Bisexual musicians,Canadian women poets,Musicians from Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canadian spoken word poets,Canadian female pop singers,21st-century Canadian musicians,LGBT writers from Canada,21st-century Canadian poets,LGBT singers,Bisexual actresses,Bisexual women,Living people,Writers from Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canadian film actresses,LGBT poets,LGBT musicians from Canada,21st-century Canadian women writers,Actresses from Halifax, Nova Scotia

paragraph: Tanya Davis

paragraph: Tanya Davis is a Canadian singer-songwriter and poet, based in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Her style is marked primarily by spoken word poetry set to music.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Born in Summerside, Prince Edward Island, she moved to Ottawa for a time after high school to attend university, and then hitchhiked to British Columbia, where she worked in community development before moving to Halifax in 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Shortly after moving to Halifax, Davis began performing spoken word poetry at various cafés in the city. She soon recorded an album, "Make a List", which was nominated for Female Recording of the Year, Alternative Recording of the Year and Album of the Year at the Nova Scotia Music Awards, along with a nomination for Davis herself as New Artist of the Year, as well as four nominations for the MusicPEI Awards. She was named poet of the year in "The Coast"'s annual year-end reader's poll for 2007.

paragraph: She followed up with "Gorgeous Morning" in 2008.

paragraph: She has toured across Canada and internationally as a poet and musician, both as a solo artist and with Jenn Grant.

paragraph: Davis attracted international press attention in 2010 when a performance video of her poem "How to Be Alone" became popular on YouTube. She subsequently released her third album, "Clocks and Hearts Keep Going", in November 2010. The album was produced by Jim Bryson.

paragraph: Davis authored a book of poetry titled "At First, Lonely" in spring 2011, published by Canadian publisher The Acorn Press. She also served as poet laureate of the Halifax Regional Municipality for 2011-12.

paragraph: In 2013, she wrote the poetic narration to Millefiore Clarkes' "Island Green", a short documentary produced by the National Film Board of Canada about organic farming in PEI.

paragraph: In 2014, she appeared in her first acting role, starring in Andrea Dorfman's film "Heartbeat".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Davis has stated in the press that she identifies as queer:

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Make a List" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gorgeous Morning" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clocks and Hearts Keep Going" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tanya Davis

description: Canadian singer and poet

wikidata_label: Tanya Davis

wikipedia_title: Tanya Davis


text:
Lincoln
Royal Institute of British Architects
Southwell, Nottinghamshire
Norfolk
John Buonarotti Papworth
Rev J. T.Becher
Southwell Workhouse
Lincoln
Henry Goddard
Charles Baily
Michael Drury
Bellamy and Hardy
Royal Institute of British Architects
William Say
Glanford Brigg
Southwell Workhouse
Gothic revival
Grecian
portico
Doric columns
portico
Corinthian
Piano nobile
Mansfield
Tuscan
pilasters
Frederick Swanwick
Newark Castle railway station
Tealby
Anthony Salvin
Brattleby
quoin
ionic
South Elkington
Oxcombe
Hibaldstow
entablature
Wragby
Commissioners' church
Scawby
Hybald
Saxon
James Fowler
Glandford-Brigg
Kirmond le Mire
St Peter at Gowts
Blankney
Haugham
flying buttress
ashlar
Documentary research
Raithby by Louth
Haugham
Oxcombe
apse
Biscathorpe
Ionic
William Watkins
Blankney
William Watkins (architect)
gable
Leadenham
Leadenham House
Stamford

wikipedia_title:
Lincoln, England
Royal Institute of British Architects
Southwell, Nottinghamshire
Norfolk
John Buonarotti Papworth
Rev. John Thomas Becher
The Workhouse, Southwell
Lincoln, England
Henry Goddard (architect)
Charles Baily
Michael Drury
Bellamy and Hardy
Royal Institute of British Architects
William Say (engraver)
Brigg
The Workhouse, Southwell
Gothic Revival architecture
Greeks
Portico
Doric order
Portico
Corinthian order
Piano nobile
Mansfield
Tuscan order
Pilaster
Frederick Swanwick
Newark Castle railway station
Tealby
Anthony Salvin
Brattleby
Quoin
Ionic order
Elkington, Lincolnshire
Oxcombe
Hibaldstow
Entablature
Wragby
Commissioners' church
Scawby
Hybald
Anglo-Saxons
James Fowler (architect)
Brigg
Kirmond le Mire
St Peter at Gowts
Blankney
Haugham
Flying buttress
Ashlar
Documentary research
Raithby cum Maltby
Haugham
Oxcombe
Apse
Biscathorpe
Ionic order
William Watkins (architect)
Blankney
William Watkins (architect)
Gable
Leadenham
Leadenham House
Stamford, Lincolnshire

categories: 1853 deaths,English ecclesiastical architects,19th-century English architects,1803 births

paragraph: William Adams Nicholson

paragraph: William Adams Nicholson (1803–1853) was an English architect who worked in Lincoln and was a founding member of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born on 8 August 1803 at Southwell, Nottinghamshire, he was the son of James Nicholson, a carpenter and joiner. James gave up his business about 1838 and became sub-agent to Sir Richard Sutton's estates in Nottinghamshire and Norfolk. William was articled about July 1821, for three years, to John Buonarotti Papworth, architect, of London. By 1824 Nicholson had returned to Southwell, where he worked with the Rev J. T.Becher on the design of the Southwell Workhouse. In 1828 he established himself at Lincoln and he built up an extensive practice in Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire. From 1839 to 1846 he was in partnership as "Nicholson & Goddard", with Henry Goddard (1813–1899). Pupils of the practice were Augustus Hullock Morant , a relative of Nicholson's, Charles Baily of Newark and London, and Michael Drury who was Nicholson's successor. His assistant John Spence Hardy and another pupil, Pearson Bellamy set up the practice of Bellamy and Hardy in Lincoln after his death.

paragraph: Nicholson joined the Royal Institute of British Architects as a founding fellow at its commencement. He was a member of the Lincolnshire Literary Society, and of the Lincolnshire Topographical Society. He was in attendance at Boston as a professional witness when he was suddenly taken ill, and died there on 8 April 1853. He was buried at Lincoln, in the churchyard of St. Swithin, in the parish where he had resided for many years.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Family.

paragraph: In 1824 Nicholson married Leonora, the youngest daughter of William Say of Norton Street, London. His second wife, Anne Tallant, survived him and was living at No. 1 Bank Street Lincoln in 1856.

paragraph: Section::::Architectural works.

paragraph: Section::::Architectural works.:Workhouses.

paragraph: Possibly Nicholson's most important contribution was in the design of Workhouses. His pioneering Southwell Workhouse (1824) was important forerunner of the radially planned workhouses of the New Poor Law. Nicholson was to go on to design workhouses at Glanford Brigg in 1836 and at Lincoln in 1837-1838 - both of which have now been demolished.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southwell Workhouse

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glanford-Brigg Workhouse

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lincoln Workhouse. Lincoln Union Workhouse was erected between 1837 and 1838.

paragraph: Section::::Architectural works.:Public buildings.

paragraph: As well as working in the Gothic revival style of architecture, Nicholson could also work very effectively in classical styles. He designed the Mansfield Town Hall in a Grecian style portico with Doric columns. More striking is the Corn Exchange of 1847 in the Cornhill Lincoln. Here he has a projecting portico with Corinthian columns at Piano nobile level.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mansfield Town Hall. 1836. In a heavy neo-classical style with a four column Tuscan porch.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Nottingham Dispensary, No 12. Broad Street, Nottingham. 1841-3. Classical rendered front with full-height ionic pilasters above a rusticated ground floor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayor's Parlour, added the Stonebow, Lincoln. . Nicholson made extensive alterations to the east end of the Stonebow, when the building that had housed the old City prison was pulled down. The present building to the east of the Stonebow, completed in 1842, now contains the Mayor's Parlour

paragraph: BULLET::::- The County Prison in Lincoln Castle. In 1847-8 the prison was enlarged following plans by Nicholson and Goddard. A new range was built parallel to the original building of 1787 and linked to it with a corridor. The new range was sparsely detailed but with two massive lateral chimney stacks. At the east end of this range was the prison chapel. As the prison operated the "Silent System" there were separate cubicles for each prisoner and the cubicles were arranged so that prisoners could see the preacher, but not each other.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Mark's Station, High Street, Lincoln. It has been suggested that Nicholson was the architect for St Mark's station in Lincoln High Street of 1846 - the centre with a massive Ionic portico and fluted columns and the side pavilions with Doric pilasters. However, this attribution lacks definite documentation. A surviving drawing of the facade station of the station is signed I.A. Davies. J.A.Davies was an architect employed by the railway engineer Frederick Swanwick and was later in practice in Chesterfield as Davies and Tew. Davies was also responsible for Newark Castle railway station

paragraph: Section::::Architectural works.:Country houses.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Worsbough Hall, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Extended and altered for W. B. Martin in Elizabethan style with a centre and two wings. It was let to a local colliery owner then bought by the National Coal board and used as offices. When they moved out in the early 1960s it was left empty and decaying. It is now being converted modern luxury apartments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bayons Manor, Tealby, Lincolnshire. Built between 1836 and 1842 for Charles Tennyson D'eyncourt, to designs by William Nicholson and with contributions made by Anthony Salvin. It consisted of castellated mansion with a moat, machicolated and embattled towers, curtain-wall and great hall with a hammer-beam roof. It was situated on rising ground to provide a picturesque scene and to give the widest views. The house was occupied by troops during the Second World War, and was sold in 1944. After many years of neglect it was blown up in 1964.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brattleby Hall, Lincolnshire. Small country house of c1780, remodelled for Edward Wright in 1838-9 by William Nicholson, with additions of 1875-80. Three storeyed house which is cement or stucco faced. Three bay front with quoins. Central doorway with paired, partially glazed doors flanked by paired ionic pilasters.

paragraph: BULLET::::- South Elkington Hall near Louth. c.1841. A mansion in Italianate style with a tower. Now partiality demolished.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxcombe House. In the style of Nicholson. Built in 1845. Tudoresque, with mullioned and transomed windows. Buttresses crowned by turrets on either side of the porch.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vicarage, Brigg Road, Hibaldstow, Lincolnshire. 1851-52 by Williams Adams Nicholson. Red brick with stucco details, Welsh slate roof. Internal entrance porch with surround of square columns supporting plain entablature and hood; half-glazed door in reveal with margin lights above two panels.

paragraph: Section::::Architectural works.:Church buildings and restoration.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wragby, All Saints. 1839. Yellow brick in the style of a Commissioners' church. The detailing on the tower is very similar to that used by Nicholson on Brigg church.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scawby 1840-2. North Lincolnshire. The church of St Hybald is dedicated to a 7th-century Saxon The tower is original, of the 15th century, with 13th-century work at the base, but the remainder of the church was substantially rebuilt in 1840-2 by Nicholson, and in 1870 by James Fowler of Louth.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glandford-Brigg St.John the Evangelist's church By W.A.Nicholson 1842-3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kirmond le Mire, Lincolnshire. Built in 1847

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Peter at Gowts church, Lincoln, The north aisle and porch were built in 1852 to designs by Nicholson.

paragraph: Section::::Architectural works.:Churches possibly built jointly with George Rivas Willoughby of Louth.

paragraph: This group of churches, in the vicinity of Louth, present a problem. They have similar design characteristics, and while they appear to be by the same architect they have been attributed to either Nicholson or to the Louth architect G. R. Willoughby. Little is known about Willoughby, although he was still working in 1868 It may be that Willoughby was the supervising architect for these churches and Nicholson had supplied the plans. Leech has argued that the main design input may have come from Willoughby, as they are distinct from the other churches built by Nicholson Nicholson worked extensively for the Chaplin family of Blankney, so it might well be expected that he was the architect selected when the Rev Henry Chaplin paid for the new churches at Haugham and Raithby. Antram has described these churches as being "pre-archaeological" and gimmicky, yet many of the features described, such as the crockets, appear to be closely copied from the limestone churches in the Grantham area. The flying buttresses used to supported the crocheted spires, as at Haugham, are similar to those on Louth church. This group of churches have been built of brick, but cement or stucco rendered, to give the impression of ashlar masonry. Documentary research may resolve the problem as to who was the architect of these churches.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raithby by Louth Rebuilt in 1836-7 in the "florid Gothic style", mainly at the expense of the patron (Charles Chaplin) and the Rector .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haugham, nr. Louth, Lincolnshire. !840-1. Brick, spire supported by flying buttresses. By G R Willoughby, but presumably in association with Nicholson. The church was cement rendered to give the impression that it was built of stone.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oxcombe, All Saints Church. Built in 1842 and attributed to the architect William Adams Nicholson. A small church, built in brick with an octagonal west tower, which also forms the porch to the church It has a two bay nave with a chancel with a three sided apse. The bell stage of the tower is an open stone lantern with cast-iron pinnacles. The church was declared redundant in 1980 and is in the care of the Lincolnshire Old Churches Trust.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biscathorpe

paragraph: Section::::Gallery: Churches by W. A. Nicholson.:Chapel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Big Wesley" at the junction of Clasketgate and Danesgate in Lincoln. Wesleyan Chapel of 1837, built for1400 persons. Demolished in the 1960s. Built in Neo-classical style. Pevsner remarks "A pastiche of Smirke's "Cubist" style, that is, an essay in intersecting cubes. Front with Ionic portico in antis". Built in brick and stuccoed.

paragraph: Section::::Gallery: Churches by W. A. Nicholson.:School.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Peter in Eastgate Primary School, Eastgate, Lincoln. 1851. Pevsner described this as a "Tudoresque villagey school". A further school was built on this site by William Watkins, in 1881 which was combined with the earlier school.

paragraph: Section::::Gallery: Churches by W. A. Nicholson.:Estate housing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The village of Blankney, near Lincoln, was almost rebuilt for Charles Chaplin. The village was laid out by Nicholson in the 1830s and 1840s and later housing may have been added by William Watkins (architect) in 1876. Nicholson's work can be recognised by the "shaped" gables and the tall chimney stacks. The village school is described as being " a neat building in Elizabethan style".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leadenham Nicholson put up farm buildings on the estates of General Reeve of Leadenham House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stamford. Nicholson undertook work for Sir John Wyldbore Smith, bart. of Blandford in Dorset who held land in Stamford.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Work on the estates of C. Turnor, of Stoke Rocheford which included church and farmhouse additions and alterations at Great Ponton, Panton, Lissington, Langworth, East Torrington, East Barkwith, Wragby, Binbrook and Kirmond le Mire.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grange Farm, Little Ponton-built for Christopher Turnor.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antram N (revised), Pevsner N & Harris J, (1989), "The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire", Yale University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonia Brodie (ed), "Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914": 2 Vols, British Architectural Library, Royal Institute of British Architects, 2001, Vol 2, pp. 264 and 565.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colvin H. A (1995), "Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840". Yale University Press, 3rd edition London, p. 1140.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morrison K. (1999), "The Workhouse: A Study of Poor-Law Buildings in England", English Heritage/RCHME,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary in the "Builder", Vol.11, 23rd Apr 1853, p. 262.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary in the "Civil Engineer & Architect's Journal" [London], Vol. 16, May 1853, p. 197.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: architect

wikidata_label: William Adams Nicholson

wikipedia_title: William Adams Nicholson