text: American

text: sack of flour

text: United States Sanitary Commission

text: American Civil War

text: Hannibal, Missouri

text: Mark Twain

text: Mexican–American War

text: Austin, Nevada

text: Virginia City, Nevada

text: Mark Twain

text: Roughing It

text: Stockton, California

text: Gridley's store

text: Reuel Colt Gridley Monument

categories: People from Lander County, Nevada,1829 births,1870 deaths

paragraph: Reuel Colt Gridley

paragraph: Reuel Colt Gridley (January 23, 1829 – November 24, 1870) was an American storekeeper who gained nationwide attention in 1864, when he repeatedly auctioned a plain sack of flour and raised over $250,000 for the United States Sanitary Commission, which provided aid to wounded American Civil War soldiers.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Gridley went to school in Hannibal, Missouri, where he befriended Mark Twain. He later fought in the Mexican–American War.

paragraph: In 1864, Gridley supported the Democratic candidate for mayor in Austin, Nevada, where he operated a grocery store. He made a bet with a Republican friend that the loser would carry a fifty-pound sack of flour through the town. He performed his punishment with the accompaniment of the town band, and at the end someone offered that the sack should be auctioned off to raise money for the "Sanitary Fund", a new organization that aided disabled Civil War veterans. After finally selling for $250, the winning bidder did not take the sack, but donated it back to Gridley to be auctioned off again. It was auctioned repeatedly until over $8,000 was raised. When nearby Virginia City, Nevada heard of the event (and where young newspaper editor Mark Twain was working at the time), they invited Gridley to come there, which he did. He then traveled to California where San Franciscans donated $2800 and Sacramento citizens donated $10000, before heading to St. Louis and the major eastern cities. These bidders added around $170,000 to the Sanitary Commission's fund, and within twelve months Gridley had raised $275,000 with his sack of flour.

paragraph: Twain told the story of the Gridley flour sack in his 1872 book "Roughing It".

paragraph: In 1866, Gridley moved to Stockton, California, and was in poor health; he died in 1870.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In Austin, Gridley's store still stands and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

paragraph: In 1887, the "Reuel Colt Gridley Monument" was dedicated in Stockton's Rural Cemetery, depicting Gridley standing next to a large sack of flour. In 1965, the monument was registered as a historical landmark by the state of California.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Section of Mark Twain's Roughing It on Gridley

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text of Nevada Historic Markers in Lander County: Reuel Colt Gridley

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reuel Colt Gridley Monument

description: American storekeeper

wikidata_label: Reuel Colt Gridley

wikipedia_title: Reuel Colt Gridley


text:
Bayburt
Turkey
Turkish
footballer
left wingback
Kastamonuspor

categories: Konyaspor footballers,Süper Lig players,Association football defenders,1986 births,Mersin İdmanyurdu SK footballers,Turkey under-21 international footballers,Orduspor footballers,Adana Demirspor footballers,People from Bayburt,Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers,Turkish footballers,TFF First League players,Living people

paragraph: Murat Kalkan

paragraph: Murat Kalkan (born 20 May 1986 in Bayburt, Turkey) is a Turkish footballer. He currently plays as a left wingback for Kastamonuspor.

description: Turkish footballer

wikidata_label: Murat Kalkan

wikipedia_title: Murat Kalkan


text:
hard rock
heavy metal
drummer
Greece
Helloween
Rabbit Don't Come Easy
Cellador
At Vance
Winter's Bane
Redivivus
Firewind
Allegiance
The Premonition
Arch Enemy
Paiste
Tama drums
Vic Firth
Evans
cymbal
Iron Cross
Factory Metal Percussion
Mark Cross' official website
Firewind's official website

categories: Tank (band) members,Helloween members,Year of birth missing (living people),Living people,Metalium members,Firewind members

paragraph: Mark Cross (musician)

paragraph: Mark Cross is an English hard rock and heavy metal drummer. He has played in many bands in his career and is currently based in Athens, Greece. Mark recorded in 1992 an album with Greek singer/songwriter Michalis Rakintzis named "Etsi Maresei".

paragraph: Cross left Helloween in 2002. He had recorded two tracks with them, both of which featured on their "Rabbit Don't Come Easy" album in 2003.

paragraph: His comeback was a low-key demo recording with The Supremacy, a project band also featuring Bill Hudson of Cellador and Fernando Giovannetti of Aquaria in 2004. In 2005 he featured as a session and touring musician for At Vance and also appeared on the British rock band Saracen's latest album, "Vox in Excelso" and Winter's Bane's comeback album, "Redivivus".

paragraph: With Firewind he released "Allegiance" in July 2006 and toured with them extensively throughout the world in 2006 and 2007, playing more than 150 shows. With their new album "The Premonition", which was released in April 2008 he and Firewind toured Europe and North America with Swedish metallers Arch Enemy. On 13 January 2010, Cross announced that he and Firewind had split.

paragraph: Cross has used Paiste cymbals, Tama drums, Vic Firth drumsticks, Evans drumheads and cymbals in the shape of Iron Crosses made by Factory Metal Percussion.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Cross' official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firewind's official website

description: Drummer, musician, songwriter

wikidata_label: Mark Cross

wikipedia_title: Mark Cross (musician)


text: American football

text: National Football League

text: split end

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Curly Lambeau

text: NFL Championship Games

text: University of Alabama

text: All-American

text: national championship

text: Alabama Crimson Tide football

text: safety

text: All-Pro

text: Joe F. Carr Trophy

text: NFL Most Valuable Player

text: pass routes

text: College Football Hall of Fame

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: retired

text: Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame

text: Pine Bluff, Arkansas

text: Boy Scout

text: baseball

text: town team

text: senior

text: Pine Bluff High School

text: basketball

text: end

text: Frank Thomas

text: Alabama Crimson Tide football

text: Bear Bryant

text: hitchhike

text: catch

text: touchdown pass

text: Morgan Blake

text: College Football Hall of Fame

text: Millard "Dixie" Howell

text: 1935 Rose Bowl

text: Stanford

text: Robert Neyland

text: Tennessee Volunteers

text: end-around

text: All-American

text: Heisman Trophy

text: National Football Foundation

text: Georgia Tech

text: Bill Alexander

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Curly Lambeau

text: Arnie Herber

text: John "Blood" McNally

text: Brooklyn Dodgers

text: Joseph Carr

text: Chicago Bears

text: league title

text: Boston Redskins

text: 1936 NFL Championship Game

text: Chicago Cardinals

text: Gaynell Tinsley

text: this time

text: New York Giants

text: championship game

text: extra point

text: Johnny Drake

text: Johnny Blood's

text: Steve Largent

text: Joe F. Carr Trophy

text: Cecil Isbell

text: Harry Jacunski

text: 1944 NFL Championship Game

text: Giants

text: The Pittsburgh Press

text: Detroit Lions

text: Mark Clayton

text: Dan Marino

text: chair route

text: kicker

text: extra point

text: field goals

text: offense

text: defense

text: safety

text: intercepted

text: bowling alley

text: Chevrolet

text: Cadillac

text: Racine, Wisconsin

text: Rancho Mirage, California

text: Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame

text: Alabama Sports Hall of Fame

text: number retired by the Packers

text: City Stadium

text: Lambeau Field

text: Don Hutson Center

text: College Football Hall of Fame

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame

text: Arnie Herber

text: Cecil Isbell

text: Pine Bluff, Arkansas

text: coin toss

text: Super Bowl XXII

text: 1930s All-Decade Team

text: NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team

text: The Sporting News

text: World War II

text: Rockwood Lodge

text: World War II

text: classified I-A

text: military draft

text: Paul Hornung

text: Zipp Newman

text: Ty Cobb

categories: Green Bay Packers players,American football ends,Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees,National Football League players with retired numbers,American football wide receivers,Alabama Crimson Tide football players,Sportspeople from Pine Bluff, Arkansas,1997 deaths,Green Bay Packers coaches,College Football Hall of Fame inductees,1913 births,People from Rancho Mirage, California,All-American college football players

paragraph: Don Hutson

paragraph: Donald Montgomery Hutson (January 31, 1913 – June 26, 1997) was a professional American football player and assistant coach in the National Football League (NFL). He played as a split end and spent his entire eleven-year professional career with the Green Bay Packers. Under head coach Curly Lambeau, Hutson led the Packers to four NFL Championship Games, winning three: 1936, 1939, and 1944.

paragraph: In his senior season at the University of Alabama in 1934, Hutson was recognized as a consensus All-American and won a national championship with the Alabama Crimson Tide football team. After his career at Alabama, he joined the Packers in 1935 and played eleven seasons before he retired in 1945. He led the league in receiving yards in seven separate seasons and in receiving touchdowns in nine. A talented safety on defense, he also led the NFL in interceptions in 1940. Hutson was an eight-time All-Pro selection, a four-time All-Star, and was twice awarded the Joe F. Carr Trophy as the NFL Most Valuable Player.

paragraph: Hutson is considered to have been the first modern receiver, and is credited with creating many of the modern pass routes used in the NFL today. He was the dominant receiver of his day, during which he was widely considered one of the greatest receivers in NFL history. He held almost all major receiving records at the time of his retirement, including career receptions, yards, and touchdowns. He was inducted as a charter member of both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Hutson's number 14 was the first jersey retired by the Packers, and he is a member of the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame. In 1994, Hutson was selected for the National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team as one of the greatest players of the NFL's first 75 years.

paragraph: Section::::Early years and college.

paragraph: Hutson was born on January 31, 1913, in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, one of three sons of Roy B. Hutson and Mabel Clark Hutson. While a Boy Scout, he played with snakes. He said that's where he got his quickness and agility. As a teenager Hutson played baseball for Pine Bluff's town team. As a senior at Pine Bluff High School he was an all-state basketball player, which he said was his favorite sport. "I'm like most [athletes]," he said. "I'd rather see football, but I'd rather play basketball." Hutson played one year of football at Pine Bluff.

paragraph: Hutson played at end for coach Frank Thomas's Alabama Crimson Tide football team from 1932 to 1934. Bear Bryant, future long-time coach of the Tide, was the self-described "other end" on the Tide in 1933 and 1934. Bryant once remarked, "...he was something to see even then. We'd hitchhike to Pine Bluff just to watch him play. I saw him catch five touchdown passes in one game in high school."

paragraph: Sportswriter Morgan Blake ranked the undefeated 1934 Tide as the best team he ever saw. Hutson's College Football Hall of Fame profile reads: "Fluid in motion, wondrously elusive with the fake, inventive in his patterns and magnificently at ease when catching the ball ... Hutson and fellow Hall of Famer Millard "Dixie" Howell became football's most celebrated passing combination." Hutson had six catches for 165 yards, including two touchdowns of 54 and 59 yards in the 1935 Rose Bowl against Stanford. He also scored the winning touchdown over Robert Neyland's Tennessee Volunteers on an end-around.

paragraph: Hutson was recognized as a first-team All-American for six different organizations and received a second-team selection by one other. In an attempt to name retroactive Heisman Trophy winners before its first year of 1936, Hutson was awarded it for 1934 by the National Football Foundation. Georgia Tech coach Bill Alexander once said, "All Don Hutson can do is beat you with clever hands and the most baffling change of pace I've ever seen."

paragraph: Section::::NFL career.

paragraph: When he graduated from Alabama, Hutson did not plan on playing professionally, since the NFL was not highly regarded in the South compared to college football. But Green Bay Packers head coach Curly Lambeau saw Hutson as the perfect receiver for his passing attack, which at the time was headed by quarterback Arnie Herber and end John "Blood" McNally. Before the draft existed, college players could sign with any team they wanted, and while Hutson did sign a contract with Green Bay, he had also signed a contract with the NFL's Brooklyn Dodgers. Both contracts came to the NFL office at the same time, and NFL president Joseph Carr declared that Hutson would go to Green Bay, as the Green Bay contract had an earlier date of signing. Hutson later stated he chose the Packers because they offered the most money—$300 a game. "That was far and above what they had ever paid a player," said Hutson. "Each week they'd give me a check for $150 from one bank and $150 from another so nobody would know how much I was getting paid."

paragraph: Section::::NFL career.:Split end.

paragraph: Hutson's first catch as a professional was on an 83-yard touchdown pass from Herber on the first play from scrimmage against the Chicago Bears, in the second game of the 1935 season. It was the only score of the game as the Packers won 7–0. He caught six touchdowns total in his rookie season, which led the league. It was the first in a string of four straight seasons and nine seasons total that Hutson led the league in touchdown receptions. The next season the Packers won their fourth league title, with a 21–6 win over the Boston Redskins in the 1936 NFL Championship Game. Hutson scored the first touchdown of the game, on a 48-yard pass from Herber in the first quarter. Hutson completed the season with 34 receptions for 536 yards and eight touchdowns, which were all league records, and helped Herber set the NFL season passing yards record. Hutson's yardage record was broken the next season by Chicago Cardinals receiver Gaynell Tinsley, who challenged Hutson over the next few years for the title of best receiver in the NFL.

paragraph: In 1938, Hutson had nine touchdown receptions, again setting the league record, as he led the Packers to another NFL Championship Game, this time against the New York Giants. However, a knee injury he suffered four weeks earlier kept him out of the game's starting lineup. He entered as a substitute three separate times late in the game but was unable to be a factor, catching no passes as Green Bay was defeated 23–17.

paragraph: Hutson reclaimed the season receiving yards record from Tinsley in 1939 by catching 34 passes for 846 yards—an average of 24.9 yards per reception, the highest of his career. He again led the Packers to the championship game, for a rematch against the Giants. This time Green Bay was victorious, with a 27–0 shutout win. Hutson had two receptions in the game for 21 yards and a rushing attempt that went for three yards.

paragraph: In 1940, Hutson scored seven touchdowns and kicked 15 extra points to lead the league in scoring by edging out Rams fullback Johnny Drake by a single point. On September 29, Hutson caught his 38th career touchdown pass, breaking Johnny Blood's record. He remained the record holder for almost 50 years, until surpassed by the last touchdown of Steve Largent's career in 1989.

paragraph: In 1941, Hutson became the first receiver to catch 50 passes in a season, doing so while again leading the league in receptions, receiving yards, and touchdowns. He also scored two rushing touchdowns, for a total of twelve. After the season, he was awarded the Joe F. Carr Trophy as the league's most valuable player. He received six of the nine first place votes, finishing ahead of his quarterback Cecil Isbell, who received two first place votes.

paragraph: Hutson repeated as league MVP in 1942 as he shattered most of his own records; he caught 74 passes for 1,211 yards and 17 touchdowns and averaged over 110 receiving yards per game. He again received six of nine first place votes for the Joe F. Carr Trophy. "The selection did not rest alone on his great pass catching ability," reasoned the selection committee. "Also considered were his nuisance value as a disrupter of enemy defenses and his ability to transform the Packers into a confident, powerful aggregation in clutch situations." His production helped Isbell become the first NFL quarterback to throw for over 2,000 yards in a season.

paragraph: In February 1943, Hutson announced his retirement from football due to a lingering chest injury. He changed his mind and returned for the 1943 season, however, and caught 47 passes for 776 yards and eleven touchdowns, leading the league in all three. He also threw his first and only completed pass of his career: a 38-yard touchdown pass to Harry Jacunski against the Bears. Additionally, he successfully kicked 36 extra points on 36 tries, and had an 83-yard interception return touchdown. After the season Hutson again announced his intention to retire as a player, this time to be an assistant coach for the Packers. He once again returned as a player in 1944 and again led the league with 58 receptions, 866 yards, and nine touchdowns, while also serving as assistant coach. He led the Packers to the 1944 NFL Championship Game against the Giants and caught two passes for 47 yards, as the Packers won their third and final championship with Hutson, 14–7.

paragraph: For the third time in as many years Hutson announced his retirement, and for the third time he returned as a player in 1945. A sportswriter for "The Pittsburgh Press" jokingly declared Hutson "holder of the world's record for coming out of retirement." In a week three, 57–21 blowout win against the Detroit Lions, Hutson set an NFL record with four touchdown receptions in a game, all of them coming in the second quarter. He also kicked five extra points in the quarter, for a total of 29 points, which as of 2015 remains a record for points by a player in a single quarter.

paragraph: In all, Hutson caught 488 passes for 7,991 yards and 99 touchdowns. He rushed for three touchdowns, scored two touchdowns on blocked punts, and had an interception return touchdown for a career total of 105. He scored at least six receiving touchdowns in each of his eleven seasons. Hutson led the NFL in receptions eight times, including five consecutive times: 1941 to 1945. He led the NFL in receiving yards seven times, including four straight times: 1941 to 1944. He led the NFL in scoring five times: 1941 to 1945. As of 2016, Hutson still holds the highest career average touchdowns per game for a receiver, at 0.85. Hutson's single season record of 17 touchdown receptions in 1942 stood for 42 years until broken by receiver Mark Clayton in 1984, a year in which Miami's quarterback Dan Marino had more completions (362) than the entire 1942 Packers team's pass attempts (330). His four receiving touchdowns in a game has been surpassed three times and tied several times, but his four in a single quarter has yet to be matched. His record 99 touchdown receptions stood for 44 years, well into the modern era. In his eleven-year professional career, Hutson never missed a game due to injury. He invented many pass routes still in use today, including the chair route.

paragraph: Section::::NFL career.:Defense and special teams.

paragraph: For many of his eleven seasons, Hutson was also the Packers' kicker. He added 172 extra points on 183 attempts and seven field goals on 15 attempts for another league record 823 points. He led the league in extra points made and attempted in 1941, 1942 and 1945 and in field goals made in 1943. As did almost all players in his day, Hutson played both offense and defense. On defense, he played safety and intercepted 30 passes over the final six years of his career. His highest season total was in 1943, when he intercepted eight passes in ten games. In 1940, he led the NFL with six interceptions.

paragraph: After his retirement as a player, Hutson remained on the Packers staff as an assistant until 1948.

paragraph: Section::::Personal and later life.

paragraph: From an early age Hutson was interested in business. "At the university [of Alabama], I was the only athlete in the business school," he said. "The only reason I wanted to play pro sports was to get a stake." While both were students at Alabama, he partnered with Bear Bryant to operate a laundromat in Tuscaloosa called Captain Kidd Cleaners. However, neither were educated in laundering, and they sold the business after two years. While in Green Bay, Hutson opened the Packer Playdium bowling alley, which proved so successful that he twice considered retirement from football to fully dedicate his time to its operation. He then started the Hutson Motor Car Co. dealership and in 1951 purchased Chevrolet and Cadillac agencies in Racine, Wisconsin. "I never aimed for automobiles," said Hutson. "That just happened to be the thing I got into. I just wanted to run a business, any business.

paragraph: After he retired from the dealership business, Hutson settled in Rancho Mirage, California, where he lived until his death on June 26, 1997, at the age of 84.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and recognition.

paragraph: Hutson has been honored in a variety of ways. He was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame as a charter member in 1951, and the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 1968, also as an initial member. His number 14 was the first number retired by the Packers, in a public ceremony at a game at City Stadium on December 2, 1951. Hutson Street in the Packerland Industrial Park in Green Bay is named for him, and in 1994 the Packers named their new state-of-the-art indoor practice facility across the street from Lambeau Field the "Don Hutson Center."

paragraph: Hutson was inducted as a charter member of both the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951, and Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1963. His college career made him a unanimous choice for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1920–1969 era. Hutson is a member of the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame, inducted in 1972 along with his quarterbacks, Arnie Herber and Cecil Isbell. There is a park named after him in his hometown of Pine Bluff, Arkansas. On the occasion of his 75th birthday he performed the ceremonial coin toss of Super Bowl XXII to end the pregame ceremonies. Hutson was named to the NFL's 1930s All-Decade Team and 50th Anniversary Team in 1970, and in 1994 he was named to the NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team. In 1999, he was ranked sixth on "The Sporting News" list of the 100 Greatest Football Players, the highest-ranking Packer and the highest-ranking pre–World War II player. In 2012, the NFL Network named Hutson the greatest Green Bay Packer of all time.

paragraph: In 2005, the Flagstad family of Green Bay donated to the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame an authentic Packers No. 14 jersey worn by Hutson. The jersey was found in a trunk of old uniforms in 1946 at the Rockwood Lodge, the Packers' summer training camp from 1946 to 1949, owned by Melvin and Helen Flagstad. The jersey, a rare NFL artifact valued at over $17,000, was donated by son Daniel Flagstad in memory of his parents.

paragraph: Hutson's most productive seasons were from 1942 to 1945, a time in which the NFL was severely depleted with many of its most talented players and prospective college athletes serving in the military during World War II. Hutson was classified I-A for the military draft, but had three daughters, so was able to avoid conscription. On the notion that Hutson exploited watered-down defenses, former Packers running back Paul Hornung responded as such: "I'm a believer. Am I a believer! You know what Hutson would do in this league today? The same things he did when he played."

paragraph: Section::::NFL records.

paragraph: As of the end of the 2017 NFL season, Hutson still holds the following records: most seasons leading league in pass receptions (8), most consecutive seasons leading league in pass receptions (5), most seasons leading league in pass receiving yards gained (7), most consecutive seasons leading league in pass receiving yards gained (4), most seasons leading league in pass receiving touchdowns (9), most seasons leading the league in total touchdowns (8), Most consecutive seasons leading league in pass receiving touchdowns (5), most seasons leading league in scoring (5, now tied), and most consecutive seasons leading league in scoring (5). Sportswriter Zipp Newman referred to Hutson as "the Ty Cobb of the gridiron."

paragraph: Records held as of retirement:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most seasons led league, scoring: 5*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive seasons led league, scoring: 5*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most touchdowns scored in a quarter: 4*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most touchdown receptions in a quarter: 4*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most points scored in a quarter: 29*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most seasons led league, touchdowns: 8*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive seasons led league, touchdowns: 4*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most seasons led league, receiving touchdowns: 9*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive seasons led league, receiving touchdowns: 5*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most seasons led league, receptions: 8*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive seasons led league, receptions: 5*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most seasons led league, receiving yards: 7*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive seasons led league, receiving yards: 4*

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receptions, career: 488

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receptions, season: 74

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receptions, game: 14

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receiving yards, career: 7,991

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receiving yards, season: 1,211

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receiving yards, game: 209

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most receiving touchdowns, career: 99

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most touchdowns, season: 17

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most touchdowns, game: 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most points scored in a calendar month: 74 (Four games in October 1945)

paragraph: Note: * = remains an NFL record as of 2017 season

paragraph: Section::::NFL career statistics.

paragraph: "Source":

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eisenberg, John (2009), "That First Season: How Vince Lombardi Took the Worst Team in the NFL and Set It on the Path to Glory". New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poling, Jerry (2006), "After They Were Packers: The Super Bowl XXXI Champs & Other Green Bay Legends". Big Earth Publishing.

description: American football player and coach

wikidata_label: Don Hutson

wikipedia_title: Don Hutson


text:
Luchador
enmascarado
professional wrestler
ring character
Luchas de Apuestas
Heel
mask
Face
Super Ráton
Mighty Mouse
Super Pinocho
Pinocchio
Distrito Federal Trios Championship
storyline
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
Luchas de Apuestas
ThunderCats
Asistencia Asesoría y Administración
professional wrestling promotion
Power Rangers
La Parka
Los Payasos
Ángel Azteca
El Hijo del Santo
Mexican National Trios Championship
Rey Misterio, Jr.
Octagón
Los Destructores
Fuerza Guerrera
Psicosis
Blue Panther
Mexican Independent circuit
Estrella Blanca
Asistencia Asesoría y Administración
Mexican National Trios Championship
2 times
El Hijo del Santo
Rey Misterio Jr.
Octagón
Distrito Federal Trios Championship
1 time
World Wrestling Association
WWA Middleweight Championship
1 time
Mexican local promotions

categories: 1962 births,Mexican male professional wrestlers,Living people,Masked wrestlers

paragraph: Super Muñeco

paragraph: Super Muñeco ("Super Doll") (born April 10, 1962) is a Mexican "Luchador enmascarado", or masked professional wrestler. Super Muñeco is Spanish for "Super Toy", a comedic ring character based on a clown. Super Muñeco is best known for having the second highest number of "Luchas de Apuestas" "bet match" wins, having won the mask or hair of over 100 wrestlers. Per the tradition of masked wrestlers in Mexico, Super's real name and identity have not yet been revealed.

paragraph: Super Muñeco is the son of deceased professional wrestler "El Sanguinario" (the Bloodthirsty) and initially worked as "Sanguinario, Jr." before changing his ring persona to Super Muñeco. Muñeco's brothers wrestle or have wrestled as Sanguianrio, Jr. and Sanguinario, Jr. III, while a third brother wrestles as "Super Muñeco, Jr.". Super Muñeco was one third of the team "Trío Fantasía" (Fantasy Trio) along with Super Ratón and Super Pinocho, a trio with ring personas geared towards the kids in the crowd.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.

paragraph: Muñeco made his professional wrestling debut on March 22, 1982, working under the name "Sanguinario, Jr." named after his father "El Sanguinario". Initially he teamed with his father, but did not make much headway under the "Sanguinario, Jr." name. One day in late 1983 Muñeco's girlfriend commented that it was odd he played a bloodthirsty "Rudo" (a villainous character or Heel) when it was so unlike who he really was. The comment set off an idea, based on a famous Mexican "Tramp Clown" called "El Tramposo", he developed a "wrestling clown" ring character called "Super Muñeco" (Super Toy in Spanish), complete with a mask that looked like a smiling clown face. With the Super Muñeco character he quickly became a "Tecnico" (a good guy or Face), especially popular with children. Initially, other wrestlers did not like the comedic persona nor did they like to work with and lose to "a clown" causing them to work "stiff", by actually punching him or twisting joints a bit harder than necessary to show their displeasure. In the mid-1980s Super Muñeco worked mainly at "Pavillón Azteca" and became one of the main attractions on their weekly shows. He became one of the first television stars when Lucha Libre returned to regular television in the 1980s, helping the show "Super Lunes" (Super Monday) attract good ratings and drawing a full crowd whenever he was on the Pavillón Azteca shows.

paragraph: Super Muñeco teamed up with Super Ráton (a wrestler using a Mighty Mouse ring persona) and Super Pinocho (Based on the character Pinocchio) to form "Trio Fantasia", a comedy trio that became popular with fans. Together "Trio Fantasia" won the Distrito Federal Trios Championship and the AWWA Trios Championship. The team also worked against other teams with similar kid-oriented comedy themes, drawing full houses for their storyline feud with "Los Tortugas Ninja" (four men wearing Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles costumes), the storyline even saw Trio Fantasia team up with the promising local "Coliseo 2000" to defeat Los Tortugas in a "Luchas de Apuestas", mask vs. mask, match. Trio Fantasia would also unmask "Los Thundercats" (a trio wrestling as Leono, Panthro and Tigro from the ThunderCats cartoon). In the early 1990s "Trio Fantasia" began working for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), a professional wrestling promotion with a reputation of using ring personas that were more child-friendly, such as "Los Power Raiders" (A group of Power Rangers imitators). In AAA Super Pinocho intentionally unmasked La Parka so that a photographer could get a picture of his face; This action caused him to be very unpopular with both wrestlers and promoters and he retired from wrestling. Super Ráton left AAA not long after leaving Super Muñeco as a singles competitor.

paragraph: Muñeco began working a storyline against "Los Payasos" (the clowns), a group of "Rudo" clowns that were the complete opposite of everything Super Muñeco stood for. On May 22, 1994, Muñeco, Ángel Azteca, and El Hijo del Santo teamed up to win the Mexican National Trios Championship from Los Payasos. The makeshift trio held the title for four months before losing them to Los Payasos. On April 15, 1995, Super Muñeco, Rey Misterio, Jr., and Octagón defeated "Los Destructores" (Tony Arce, Vulcano, and Rocco Valente) to win the Mexican National Trios Title. They held it for three months before losing the championship to Fuerza Guerrera, Psicosis, and Blue Panther. After losing the Trios title Muñeco worked more as a singles wrestler, focusing on winning "Luchas de Apuestas", adding mask and hair wins to his already then impressive list of wins. Currently he works on the Mexican Independent circuit, making appearances for various smaller promotions. Over the years he has won over 100 "Luchas de Apuestas" with over 80 mask wins; the most notable being the masks of rivals Coco Rojo and Coco Negro and Coco Verde of Los Payasos (although all of three may have not been the originals), Medico Asesino, Jr. and one of the numerous Hijo del Huracan Ramírez. Super Muñeco's "Apuesta" record is only surpassed by Estrella Blanca who has over 200 confirmed "Luchas de Apuestas" wins.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Super Muñeco is the son of Hebert Alejandro Palafox Montiel, who wrestled as "El Sanguinario". One of his brothers works as "Sanguinario, Jr.", the third to actually use the name, another brother used the name as well but now works as "El Tramposo", a "clown tramp" gimmick. The wrestler working as "Super Muñeco, Jr." is not, as the name would otherwise suggest Muñeco's son but a third brother who uses the name. Muñeco has been married for over 20 years, it was his wife's (then fiancee) suggestion that sparked the idea for Super Muñeco. Together the couple have at least one child.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asistencia Asesoría y Administración

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Trios Championship (2 times) – with Ángel Azteca and El Hijo del Santo (1), Rey Misterio Jr. and Octagón (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- AWWA

paragraph: BULLET::::- AWWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- AWWA Trios Championship (1 time) – with Super Ratón and Super Pinocho

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comision de Box y Lucha D.F.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Distrito Federal Trios Championship (1 time) – with Super Ratón and Super Pinocho)

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWA Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican local promotions

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caribian Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centro Social Aragón Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deportivo Carlos Zárante Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Reyes Estado de Mexico Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plaza de Torero La Aurora Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rio Verde Junior Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Pedro Iztacalco Welterweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Veracruz Junior Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- WOWC Los Angeles Championship (1 time)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: General – Luchas de Apuestas record

paragraph: Specific sources

description: Mexican professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Super Muñeco

wikipedia_title: Super Muñeco


text: leprosy

text: National Institute of Health

text: Cumberland Valley

text: Pennsylvania

text: City Hospital

text: Newark, New Jersey

text: United States Public Health Service

text: San Francisco, California

text: tularemia

text: Hawaii

text: New Orleans

text: American Association of Immunologists

text: Delta Omega

text: American Public Health Association

text: Sedgwick Memorial Medal

categories: Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni,1952 deaths,American public health doctors,1876 births,Louisiana State University faculty

paragraph: George Walter McCoy

paragraph: George Walter McCoy (1876–1952) was an American physician. An international expert on leprosy, he served as director of the National Institute of Health for more than twenty years.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: McCoy was born in 1876 in the Cumberland Valley of Pennsylvania. He was the son of Osborn George McCoy and his wife Lavanda Walters, and had one sibling, J. Ross McCoy, who died young in 1899. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1898 and completed his internship at City Hospital in Newark, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After completing his internship, McCoy joined the United States Public Health Service and was assigned to the U.S. Marine Hospital in San Francisco, California. While stationed in San Francisco, he became the director of the U.S. Plague Laboratory in 1908, and during his time there he discovered, and later isolated the pathogen responsible for, a "plague-like disease of rodents", later dubbed tularemia. In 1911, he was transferred to direct the U.S. Leprosy Investigation Station in Hawaii. In 1915, he was appointed the fourth head of the U.S. Hygienic Laboratory, which was renamed the National Institute of Health in 1930.

paragraph: McCoy directed the NIH for more than twenty years, during which the agency expanded significantly. Apart from his administrative role, he continued to conduct major medical studies on a variety of diseases, and advocated a combined field and laboratory approach to public health research. He resigned his position as director in early 1937, but remained with the Public Health Service to conduct a large, nationwide survey on leprosy. In 1938, he left the PHS and joined the staff of the Louisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans, where he headed the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health until his retirement in 1948. He died on 2 April 1952.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: McCoy served as president of the American Association of Immunologists from 1922-3. He was made an honorary member of Delta Omega in 1930. He was awarded the American Public Health Association's Sedgwick Memorial Medal in 1931.

description: medical researcher

wikidata_label: George Walter McCoy

wikipedia_title: George Walter McCoy


text: microbiologist

text: University of Birmingham

text: Hasselt

text: Netherlands

text: M.Sc.

text: Wageningen University and Research

text: European Molecular Biology Organization

text: Pasteur Institute

text: Utrecht University

text: bacterial pathogen

text: drug resistance

text: antibiotic

text: molecular biology

text: biochemistry

text: DNA sequencing

text: bioinformatics

text: staff profile

categories: Wageningen University alumni,Academics of the University of Birmingham,21st-century Dutch scientists,1975 births,Dutch expatriates in the United Kingdom,People from Hasselt,Dutch microbiologists,Living people

paragraph: Willem van Schaik

paragraph: Willem van Schaik (born 13 February 1975) is a Dutch microbiologist. He is professor of Microbiology and Infection at the University of Birmingham.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Van Schaik was born 13 February 1975 in Hasselt, Netherlands. He received his M.Sc. and PhD in microbiology both with honour at Wageningen University and Research Centre. After his PhD, Van Schaik obtained a European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) long-term fellowship for a postdoctoral project at the Pasteur Institute in France, followed by a senior scientist position at Utrecht University Medical Center in the Netherlands. Since 2017, he holds the chair of Microbiology and Infection at the Institute of Microbiology and Infection at the University of Birmingham. Also in 2017, he obtained a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award.

paragraph: His research focuses on bacterial pathogen drug resistance, including to antibiotics. His Birmingham research group combines experimental tools in molecular biology and biochemistry with novel DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- staff profile

alias:
Willem Henri van Schaik
Willem van Schaïk
Willem Henri van Schaïk
Willem Henri Van Schaïk
W. van Shaik
H. van Shaik

description: Dutch painter

wikidata_label: Willem van Schaik

wikipedia_title: Willem van Schaik


text: industrialist

text: Tata Group

text: Parsi

text: Zoroastrian

text: Navsari

text: princely state

text: Baroda

text: Tata Group

text: Jawaharlal Nehru

text: Navsari

text: Gujarat

text: Parsi

text: Zoroastrian

text: Mumbai

text: Elphinstone College

text: Indian Rebellion of 1857

text: America

text: Chinchpokli

text: cotton mill

text: Queen Victoria

text: Taj Mahal Hotel

text: Colaba

text: Mumbai

text: India

text: Tata Steel

text: Indian Institute of Science

text: Tata Power

text: Dorabji Tata

text: Ratanji Tata

text: Tata Group

text: Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata

text: Shapurji Saklatvala

text: Manchester

text: Communist

text: Member of the British Parliament

text: J. R. D. Tata

text: Dinshaw Maneckji Petit

text: Rattanbai Petit

text: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

text: Pakistan

text: Bad Nauheim

text: Brookwood Cemetery

text: Woking

text: Sakchi

text: Jharkhand

text: Tatanagar

text: Jamshedpur

text: Sakchi

text: Tata family

text: J. R. D. Tata

text: Lord Curzon

text: History of Tata through images

text: "Jamsetji Tata: A Profile"

categories: 1890s in British India,Indian businesspeople in textiles,20th-century Indian businesspeople,1870s in India,People from Jamshedpur,Indian Zoroastrians,Indian company founders,Burials at Brookwood Cemetery,Indian emigrants to Germany,1904 deaths,Tata family,1880s in India,Businesspeople from Gujarat,Steel industry of India,Elphinstone College alumni,Indian industrialists,1900s in India,Parsi people,19th-century Indian businesspeople,Founders of Indian schools and colleges,1839 births

paragraph: Jamsetji Tata

paragraph: Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata (3 March 1839 – 19 May 1904) was an Indian pioneer industrialist, who founded the Tata Group, India's biggest conglomerate company. He was born to a Parsi Zoroastrian family in Navsari, then part of the princely state of Baroda.

paragraph: He founded what would later become the Tata Group of companies. Tata is regarded as the legendary "Father of Indian Industry". He was so influential in the world of industry that Jawaharlal Nehru referred to Tata as a One-Man Planning Commission.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata was born to Nusserwanji and Jeevanbai Tata on 3 March 1839 in Navsari, a city in the south Gujarat. Jamsetji Tata and his family were a part of the minority group of Zoroastrians, or Parsees, who came to India from fleeing the Islamic persecution of Zoroastrians in Iran.  He was born in a respectable, but poor family of priests. His father, Nusserwanji, was the first businessman in a family of Parsi Zoroastrian priests. He broke the tradition to become the first member of the family to start a business. He started an export trading firm in Mumbai. Unlike other Zoroastrians, Jamsetji Tata had a secular education because his parents saw that he was gifted with special mental arithmetic from a young age. However, in order for him to have a more modern education, he was later sent to Bombay.

paragraph: Jamsetji Tata joined his father in Mumbai at the age of 14 and enrolled at the Elphinstone College completing his education as a 'Green Scholar' (an equivalent of a graduate). He was married to Hirabai Daboo while he was still a student. He graduated from college in 1858 and joined his father's trading firm. It was a turbulent time to start a business as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 had just been suppressed by the British government.

paragraph: After graduating from the Elphinstone College in Bombay in 1858, he joined his father’s export-trading firm, and mainly helped establish its strong branches in Japan, China, Europe, and the United States. Tata regularly traveled to China in order to become educated with the trade business in opium, that was bustling at the time within a small colony of Parsees and was tightly closed off to outsiders. Jamsetji Tata’s father wanted to be a part of this business, so he sent Jamsetji Tata to China in order to learn about the business there and the details about the opium trade. However, when Tata traveled around China, he began to realize that trade in the cotton industry was booming, and there was a chance of making a great profit. This influenced his business career, where he invested the most in cotton mills throughout his lifetime.

paragraph: The opium trade business was mostly confined Tata made many trips abroad, mainly to England, America, Europe, China, and Japan to establish branches for his father's business.

paragraph: Section::::Business.

paragraph: Tata worked in his father's company until he was 29. He founded a trading company in 1868 with 21,000 capital (worth 52 million in 2015 prices). He bought a bankrupt oil mill at Chinchpokli in 1869 and converted it to a cotton mill, which he renamed as "Alexandra Mill". He sold the mill 2 years later for a profit. Later on, in 1874,  Jamsetji Tata floated the Central India Spinning, Weaving, and Manufacturing Company in Nagpur because it seemed like a suitable place for him to establish another business venture. Due to this unconventional location, the people of Bombay scorned Tata for not making the smart move by taking the cotton business up in Bombay, known as the “Cottonopolis” of India. They did not understand why he went to the undeveloped city of Nagpur to start a new business. However, Tata’s decision of choosing Nagpur led to his success. Unlike Bombay, land in Nagpur was cheap and was readily available for resources. There was abundant farm produce, distribution was easy, and the cheap land later led to the converging of railways at Nagpur, which further developed the city. Shortly after, in 1877, Tata’s establish a new cotton mill, "Empress Mill" when Queen Victoria was proclaimed as the Empress of India at 1 January 1877.

paragraph: He had four goals in life: setting up an iron and steel company, a world-class learning institution, a unique hotel and a hydro-electric plant. Only the hotel became a reality during his lifetime, with the inauguration of the Taj Mahal Hotel at Colaba waterfront in Mumbai on 3 December 1903 at the cost of 11 million (worth 11 billion in 2015 prices). At that time it was the only hotel in India to have electricity.

paragraph: In addition, in 1885, Tata floated another company in Pondicherry for the sole purpose of distributing Indian textiles to the nearby French Colonies and not having to pay duties; however, this was a failed attempt due to insufficient demand in the fabrics.

paragraph: This led to him buying the Dharamsi Mills at Kurla in Bombay and later reselling it to buy the Advance Mills in Ahmedabad. Tata named it Advance Mills because of the fact that it was one of the most high-tech mills at the time. On top of its technology, the company left a great effect on the city of Ahmedabad because Jamsetji Tata made an effort to integrate the mill within the city in order to provide economic growth to its community. Through these many contributions, Jamsetji Tata advanced the textile and cotton industry in India.

paragraph: Jamsetji Tata continued to be an important figure in the industrial world even in his later stages of life. Later on, Tata became a strong supporter of Swadeshism. The Swadeshi Movement did not start until 1905; however, Jamsetji Tata represented these same principles throughout the time he was alive. Swadeshi was a political movement in British India that encouraged the production of domestic goods and the boycott of imported goods. Fully impressed by its principles, Tata named his new cotton mill built in Bombay the “Swadeshi Mill”. The original idea for this new mill was to produce finer cloth, like the type coming from Manchester. Manchester was famous for producing softer cloth, and the coarse material that was produced in India was no longer preferred by the public. Tata wanted to produce this famous Manchester cloth in order to reduce the number of imports coming from Manchester. In addition, his main goal was for India to become its own manufacturer of all different kinds of cloth and even become a large exporter as time went on. He wanted India to be the sole maker of these fine cloths that the primitive weavers of India were famous for. Tata started to experiment with various ways to improve the cultivation of cotton grown in different parts of India. He believed that adopting the method of cultivation used by the Egyptian ryot, who were famous for their soft cotton would allow for the cotton industry of India to reach his goal. Tata was also the first to introduce the ring spindle into his mills, which soon replaced the throstle that was once used in weaving by old manufacturers.

paragraph: His successors' work led to the three remaining ideas being achieved:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tata Steel (formerly TISCO – Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited) is Asia's first and India's largest steel company. It became world's fifth largest steel company, after it acquired Corus Group producing 28 million tonnes of steel annually.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, the pre-eminent Indian institution for research and education in Science and Engineering.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tata Hydroelectric Power Supply Company, renamed Tata Power Company Limited, currently India's largest private electricity company with an installed generation capacity of over 8000MW.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Tata married Hirabai Daboo. Their sons, Dorabji Tata and Ratanji Tata, succeeded Tata as the chairman of the Tata Group.

paragraph: Tata's first cousin was Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, who played important role in the establishment of Tata Group. His sister Jerbai, through marriage to a Mumbai merchant, became mother of Shapurji Saklatvala, who Tata employed to successfully prospect for coal and iron ore in Bihar and Orissa. Saklatvala later settled in England, initially to manage Tata's Manchester office, and later became a Communist Member of the British Parliament. Through his cousin, Ratanji Dadabhoy, he was the uncle of entrepreneur J. R. D. Tata and Sylla Tata, the later was married to Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, the second baronet of Petits. Their daughter and Jamsetji's niece, Rattanbai Petit, was the wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: While on a business trip in Germany in 1900, Tata became seriously ill. He died in Bad Nauheim on 19 May 1904, and was buried in the Parsi burial ground in Brookwood Cemetery, Woking, England.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Tata's iron and steel plant was set up at Sakchi village in Jharkhand. The village grew into a town and the railway station there was named Tatanagar. Now, it is a bustling metropolis known as Jamshedpur in Jharkhand, named in his honour.

paragraph: The old village of Sakchi (now urbanised) now exists within the city of Jamshedpur.

paragraph: Tata became the founding member of the Tata family.

paragraph: Section::::Quotes.

paragraph: "Freedom without the strength to support it and, if need be, defend it, would be a cruel delusion. And the strength to defend freedom can itself only come from widespread industrialisation and the infusion of modern science and technology into the country's economic life."

paragraph: "In a free enterprise the community is not just another stakeholder in the business but in fact the very existence of it."

paragraph: "There is one kind of charity common enough among us... It is that patchwork philanthropy which clothes the ragged, feeds the poor, and heals the sick. I am far from decrying the noble spirit which seeks to help a poor or suffering fellow being... [However] what advances a nation or a community is not so much to prop up its weakest and most helpless members, but to lift up the best and the most gifted, so as to make them of the greatest service to the country."

paragraph: "Be sure to lay wide streets planted with shady trees, every other of a quick-growing variety. Be sure that there is plenty of space for lawns and gardens. Reserve large areas for football, hockey and parks. Earmark areas for Hindu temples, Mohammedan mosques and Christian churches."

paragraph: —"Tata in a letter to son Dorab about his vision for the township that would eventually become Jamshedpur."

paragraph: "He was not a man who cared to bask in the public eye. He disliked public gatherings, he did not care for making speeches, his sturdy strength of character prevented from fawning on any man, however great, for he himself was great in his own way, greater than most people realised. He sought no honour and he claimed no privilege, but the advancement of India and her myriad peoples was with him an abiding passion."

paragraph: —"The Times of India on Tata's death"

paragraph: "While many others worked on loosening the chains of slavery and hastening the march towards the dawn of freedom, Tata dreamed of and worked for life as it was to be fashioned after liberation. Most of the others worked for freedom from a bad life of servitude; Tata worked for freedom for fashioning a better life of economic independence."

paragraph: —"Dr Zakir Hussain, the former president of India"

paragraph: "That he was a man of destiny is clear. It would seem, indeed, as if the hour of his birth, his life, his talents, his actions, the chain of events which he set in motion or influenced, and the services he rendered to his country and to his people, were all pre-destined as part of the greater destiny of India."

paragraph: —"J. R. D. Tata"

paragraph: "No Indian of the present generation had done more for the commerce and industry of India."

paragraph: —"Lord Curzon, the viceroy of India, following Tata's demise"

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- n

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TataGroup/Jamsetji official biography webpage

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Tata through images

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jamsetji Tata: A Profile"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata A Centenary Tribute", "EPW", www.epw.org.

alias:
Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata
Jamshed Tata

description: Indian industrialist, founder of the Tata Group

wikidata_label: Jamsetji Tata

wikipedia_title: Jamsetji Tata


text:
X-ray
radar
microwave
Florence
World War I
Scuola Normale Superiore
Pisa
physics
Enrico Fermi
Franco Rasetti
X-ray diffraction
University of Pisa
Italian Naval Academy
Marina Militare
University of Bari
Naples
University of Florence
professor emeritus
microwave
SMA-Segnalamento Marittimo ed Aereo
radar
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Gufo radar

categories: University of Pisa alumni,University of Florence faculty,1900 births,1993 deaths,Italian people of World War II,People from Florence,Knights of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus,Italian physicists,Radar pioneers,Grand Officers of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

paragraph: Nello Carrara

paragraph: Nello Carrara (19 February 1900 – 5 June 1993) was an Italian physicist and founder of the Electromagnetic Wave Research Institute. He researched X-rays and was a pioneer of radar, but is best known for coining the term "microwave".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nello Carrara was born in Florence on 19 February 1900. He graduated from high school in 1917, and after serving in the Army during World War I, entered the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa in 1918, where he studied physics. His fellow students included Enrico Fermi and Franco Rasetti. He wrote his doctoral thesis on X-ray diffraction in 1921. After graduation, he worked for the University of Pisa. At the age of 24, he became a professor at the Italian Naval Academy, where he taught hundreds of Italian Marina Militare officers and academic researchers until 1954. While there he was involved with the development of radar, helping to create the first Italian RDT (Radio Detector Rangefinder), the continuous wave EC1 in 1936. He also taught physics at the University of Bari from 1945 to 1946, and the University of Pisa from 1947 to 1950. Carrara founded the Electromagnetic Wave Research Institute in Florence in 1946. He became Professor of Naval Electromagnetic Waves at the Higher Institute of Naples in 1954, and moved to the University of Florence in 1956. In 1975 he became a professor emeritus. He was also Director of the Center of Microwave National Research Council.

paragraph: As a researcher, he published over 100 works. In his paper on "The Detection of Microwaves" in 1932, he coined the common term "microwave".

paragraph: He was a consultant in various industries and co-founder and later president of SMA-Segnalamento Marittimo ed Aereo, which manufactured naval, aerial and terrestrial radar equipment. He was also president of Selesmar, which specialised in commercial navigation radar and vice president of ISC, which provided space communications equipment.

paragraph: He received numerous awards, including being made a Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic and a knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus. The IFAC Research Institute ("Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara"") in Florence is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gufo radar

description: Italian physicist

wikidata_label: Nello Carrara

wikipedia_title: Nello Carrara


text:
professional baseball
pitcher
Hiroshima Toyo Carp
Central League
Nippon Professional Baseball
Japan national baseball team
2013 World Baseball Classic
NBP

categories: Baseball pitchers,Sportspeople from Nagasaki Prefecture,Hiroshima Toyo Carp players,Japanese baseball players,1991 births,Living people

paragraph: Takeru Imamura

paragraph: Takeru Imamura (今村 猛, born April 17, 1991) is a Japanese professional baseball player. A pitcher, he plays for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp of the Central League in Nippon Professional Baseball.

paragraph: Imamura will play for the Japan national baseball team in the 2013 World Baseball Classic.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NBP

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Takeru Imamura

wikipedia_title: Takeru Imamura


text:
VC
Victoria Cross
Commonwealth
Leeds
Trowbridge
private
8th Hussars (The King's Royal Irish)
British Army
Indian Mutiny
Gwalior
India
Joseph Ward
Farrier
George Hollis
Clement Walker Heneage
sergeant
19th Hussars
Meritorious Service Medal
Eastnor Township
Bruce County, Ontario
Imperial War Museum
Biography of John Pearson
Burial location of John Pearson

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,English emigrants to Canada,1825 births,People from Leeds,19th Royal Hussars soldiers,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,8th King's Royal Irish Hussars soldiers,1892 deaths,British Army personnel of the Crimean War,British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross

paragraph: John Pearson (VC)

paragraph: John Pearson VC (19 January 1825 – 18 April 1892) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: John Pearson was born 19 January 1825 in Leeds, Yorkshire, England. He married Selina Smart in the General Baptist Church in Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England on 6 April 1851. He was aged 25 and was a private in the 8th Hussars, living in the barracks in Trowbridge, the son of Stephen Pearson, a gardener. Selina Smart is shown as age 20, a spinner, a feeder by profession, living on Stallard Street, daughter of Edward Smart, a spinner.

paragraph: He was 33 years old and a private in the 8th Hussars (The King's Royal Irish), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:

paragraph: On 17 June 1858 at Gwalior, India, Pearson - together with Sergeant Joseph Ward, Farrier George Hollis and Captain Clement Walker Heneage - was in a charge made by a squadron of the 8th Hussars.

paragraph: His citation reads:

paragraph: Section::::Further information.

paragraph: He later achieved the rank of sergeant with the 19th Hussars and was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal. He died on 18 April 1892 in Lion's Head, Eastnor Township, Bruce County, Ontario after emigrating to Canada.

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: His VC was auctioned by Morton & Eden Ltd of London on 23 November 2004 and is now on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum, London.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of John Pearson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burial location of John Pearson "Ontario"

description: English recipient of the Victoria Cross, born 1825

wikidata_label: John Pearson

wikipedia_title: John Pearson (VC)


text:
Count of Artois
Louis VIII of France
Blanche of Castile
appanage
Pope Gregory IX
Blanche
Robert II
Seventh Crusade
Louis IX
Knights Templars
Jean de Joinville
Horrible Histories

wikipedia_title:
County of Artois
Louis VIII of France
Blanche of Castile
Appanage
Pope Gregory IX
Blanche of Artois
Robert II, Count of Artois
Seventh Crusade
Louis IX of France
Knights Templar
Jean de Joinville
List of Horrible Histories episodes

categories: Christians of the Seventh Crusade,1216 births,13th-century French people,1250 deaths,Military personnel killed in action,Heirs presumptive to the French throne,House of Artois,Counts of Artois

paragraph: Robert I, Count of Artois

paragraph: Robert I (25 September 1216 – 8 February 1250), called the Good, was the first Count of Artois, the fifth (and second surviving) son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He received Artois as an appanage, in accordance with the will of his father (died 1226) on attaining his majority in 1237 (aged twenty-one). In 1240 Pope Gregory IX, in conflict with the Emperor Frederick II, offered to crown Robert as emperor in opposition to Frederick, but the French count refused to pretend to such a title.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: On 14 June 1237 Robert married Matilda, daughter of Henry II of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufen.

paragraph: They had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blanche (1248–1302)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert II (1250–1302), who succeeded to Artois.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: While participating in the Seventh Crusade, Robert died while leading a reckless attack on Al Mansurah, without the knowledge of his brother King Louis IX. After fording a river, he and a group of Knights Templars charged a Mamluk outpost, during which the Mamluk commander, Fakhr-ad-Din Yusuf, was killed. Embolded by his success, Robert, the Templar knights, and a contingent of English troops charged into the town and became trapped in the narrow streets. According to Jean de Joinville, Robert defended himself for some time in a house there, but was at last overpowered and killed.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Robert Artois is featured in a segment of "Horrible Histories", season 3, episode 1.

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Robert I, Count of Artois

wikipedia_title: Robert I, Count of Artois


text:
Capetian
House of Artois
queen dowager
Kingdom of Navarre
Henry I of Navarre
regent
Joan I
Philip III of France
Edmund Crouchback
Robert I, Count of Artois
Louis IX of France
papal dispensation
Theobald II of Navarre
Henry
Melun
Paris
Isabella of France
Eighth Crusade
King of Navarre
Count of Champagne
House of Blois
Joan
heir presumptive
queen dowager
regent
Castile
Aragon
Alfonso X of Castile
Peter III of Aragon
Viana
Pamplona
Philip III of France
Treaty of Orléans
Louis
Philip
Edmund Crouchback
Edward I of England
Margaret of Provence
Thomas
Henry
dower
Nogent-l'Artaud
London
Provins

wikipedia_title:
Capetian dynasty
House of Artois
Queen dowager
Kingdom of Navarre
Henry I of Navarre
Regent
Joan I of Navarre
Philip III of France
Edmund Crouchback
Robert I, Count of Artois
Louis IX of France
Dispensation (canon law)
Theobald II of Navarre
Henry I of Navarre
Melun
Paris
Isabella of France, Queen of Navarre
Eighth Crusade
List of Navarrese monarchs
Count of Champagne
House of Blois
Joan I of Navarre
Heir presumptive
Queen dowager
Regent
Crown of Castile
Crown of Aragon
Alfonso X of Castile
Peter III of Aragon
Viana, Spain
Pamplona
Philip III of France
Treaty of Orléans
Louis of France (1264–1276)
Philip IV of France
Edmund Crouchback
Edward I of England
Margaret of Provence
Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
Dower
Nogent-l'Artaud
London
Provins

categories: 13th-century people from the Kingdom of Navarre,13th-century Spanish women,13th-century women rulers,1248 births,Countesses of Champagne,Navarrese royal consorts,House of Artois,Regents of France,13th-century French women,1302 deaths

paragraph: Blanche of Artois

paragraph: Blanche of Artois (; 1248 – 2 May 1302) was a member of the Capetian House of Artois who, as queen dowager, held regency over the Kingdom of Navarre and the County of Champagne. She was first married to Henry I of Navarre, after whose death she became regent in the name of their infant daughter, Joan I. She passed on the regency of Navarre to Philip III of France, her cousin and her daughter's prospective father-in-law, but retained the administration of Champagne. She later shared the government of Champagne with her second husband, the English prince Edmund Crouchback, until her daughter reached the age of majority.

paragraph: Section::::Queenship.

paragraph: Blanche was the elder child and only daughter of Robert I, Count of Artois, and Matilda of Brabant. A fraternal niece of King Louis IX of France, Blanche was probably born in 1248. By February 1269, having received a papal dispensation, she was married to King Theobald II of Navarre's brother Henry. The ceremony took place in Melun near Paris. Her brother-in-law, in turn, was married to her cousin, Isabella of France. Henry was governing his brother's realm when King Theobald and Queen Isabella left to join the Eighth Crusade. When the King died in December 1270, followed by his widow within a few months, Blanche's husband became King of Navarre and Count of Champagne.

paragraph: King Henry and Queen Blanche were a young couple with a son, Theobald, and the future of the House of Blois seemed bright. In 1273, however, they lost their son in an accident; the young Theobald was dropped by his nurse over the castle battlements. A daughter named Joan, born the same year, remained the royal couple's only child and was recognized as heir presumptive by the King and the Estates. The following year, on 22 July, King Henry himself died. The death of two kings within five years and accession of an infant queen, the first woman to rule Navarre and Champagne alike, triggered a political crisis.

paragraph: Section::::Regency.

paragraph: Now queen dowager, Blanche became regent for her daughter. Her regency in Champagne was preceded by several long regencies of widowed mothers, but this was the first regency for a female ruler. The neighbouring kingdoms of Castile and Aragon moved to exploit the precarious situation. Both Alfonso X of Castile and Peter III of Aragon wanted to secure Navarre for their respective houses either by marriage with Joan or by force. While Peter contemplated a marriage with a cousin of Joan, Alfonso moved his army to Navarre and started besieging Viana. The citizens loyally defended the city, for which Queen Blanche thanked them by granting special privileges.

paragraph: Blanche remained in Pamplona at least until 14 April, but then fled the kingdom, taking Joan with her, on the pretext of visiting her daughter's fiefs in the north of France. In reality, she sought protection from her cousin, King Philip III of France. In November, she paid homage to him for her daughter's French possessions. The almost immediate departure of both the monarch and the regent only complicated the situation in Navarre. In May 1275, Queen Blanche signed the Treaty of Orléans, by which she promised Joan's hand in marriage to one of the older two sons of the King of France, either Louis or Philip. The elder died within a year, and Philip was left as both heir to the French throne and Joan's bridegroom. Blanche administered Joan's territories from Paris, appointing governors for Navarre. Later this role was taken over by Joan's prospective father-in-law, while Blanche retained the administration of Champagne and Brie.

paragraph: Section::::English marriage.

paragraph: Between 28 July and 29 October 1276, in Paris, Blanche became the second wife of Edmund Crouchback, brother of King Edward I of England. The marriage was orchestrated by the dowager queen of France Margaret of Provence, who wished to secure a wealthy bride for her nephew. There are also reports, however, that the two married out of mutual attraction. Edmund joined Blanche in administering Champagne and Brie. Edmund and Blanche had four children: Mary, who died young, Thomas, Henry and John.

paragraph: When Joan became old enough to marry and take full control of her inheritance, in 1284, Blanche and Edmund had to give up the counties. They were compensated by Blanche's dower, a hefty sum of money and the right to use the palace of the Navarrese kings in Paris. The following year, Philip III died and was succeeded by Blanche's son-in-law, Philip IV.

paragraph: When hostilities broke out between England and France in 1293, Edmund and Blanche left Paris and moved to England. They returned to France in 1296 but resided in King Edward's continental possessions, where Edmund served as lieutenant of Gascony. Blanche was widowed again in June the same year when Edmund died during the siege of Bordeaux. She returned to her brother-in-law's court in November but did not stay in England for long. She received her dower, consisting of one third of all of Edmund's lands and all his rights in the earldom of Ferrers, and in 1298 she was back in France. She founded a Franciscan nunnery in Nogent-l'Artaud in 1299 and declared her wish to be buried there rather than with her second husband in London or with her first husband in Provins. Blanche died in Paris on 2 May 1302.

description: Queen of Navarre

wikidata_label: Blanche of Artois

wikipedia_title: Blanche of Artois


text:
United States Navy
admiral
Woodbury, Kentucky
United States Naval Academy
Annapolis, Maryland
Kentucky
battleship
Battle of Santiago de Cuba
Specially Meritorious Service Medal
passed midshipman
World War I
United States Fleet
Rear Admiral
Pearl Harbor
attack
Admiral
Husband E. Kimmel
submarine
blamed on
Husband E. Kimmel
Walter Short
Washington, D.C.
Arlington National Cemetery

wikipedia_title:
United States Navy
Admiral (United States)
Woodbury, Kentucky
United States Naval Academy
Annapolis, Maryland
Kentucky
Battleship
Battle of Santiago de Cuba
Specially Meritorious Service Medal
Passed midshipman
World War I
United States Fleet
Rear admiral (United States)
Pearl Harbor
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Admiral (United States)
Husband E. Kimmel
Type A Kō-hyōteki-class submarine
Roberts Commissions
Husband E. Kimmel
Walter Short
Washington, D.C.
Arlington National Cemetery

categories: United States Naval Academy alumni,Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States),American naval personnel of World War II,American Jews in the military,Recipients of the Legion of Merit,American military personnel of the Philippine–American War,1878 births,American military personnel of World War I,United States Navy admirals,People from Butler County, Kentucky,Naval War College alumni,American military personnel of the Spanish–American War,United States Navy World War II admirals,1967 deaths

paragraph: Claude C. Bloch

paragraph: Claude Charles Bloch (July 12, 1878 – October 4, 1967) was a United States Navy admiral who served as Commander, Battle Force, U.S. Fleet (COMBATFOR) from 1937 to 1938; and Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (CINCUS) from 1938 to 1940.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Claude C. Bloch was born on July 12, 1878 in Woodbury, Kentucky to a Jewish family. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland in 1895 from the Third Congressional District in Kentucky. While he was still a Cadet, Bloch served aboard battleship during the Battle of Santiago de Cuba. Bloch assisted in rescue of Spanish sailors from the burning enemy ships and was subsequently awarded with Specially Meritorious Service Medal. He graduated from the Naval Academy on January 28, 1899 with the rank of passed midshipman.

paragraph: He commanded during World War I and the from 1927 to 1929.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.:Navy Cross citation.

paragraph: The official U.S. Navy citation for Bloch's Navy Cross reads:

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: He served as the Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet from 1938 to 6 January 1940, as was customary holding the temporary grade of Admiral. Following this assignment, he reverted to his permanent grade, Rear Admiral, and commanded the Fourteenth Naval District at Pearl Harbor at the time of the attack. Shortly before the attack, he and Admiral Husband E. Kimmel discussed the possibly sighting and sinking of a submarine by the . The two ordered that another ship be sent to investigate. Bloch was cleared of any responsibility for the unpreparedness of the US forces during the attack which was blamed on Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel and General Walter Short and Bloch remained as commandant until April 1942.

paragraph: He later served on the General Board of the Navy from 1942, retiring from the Navy later that year with the rank of Admiral. He remained as chairman of the Navy Board for productions awards until the end of World War II.

paragraph: He died in Washington, D.C. on 6 October 1967 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

paragraph: Bloch was the highest ranking Jewish officer in the armed forces until well after the Second World War.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations.

paragraph: Admiral Claude C. Bloch´s ribbon bar:

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claude Charles Bloch at http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claude C. Bloch Orders, 1904–1940 (bulk 1916–1940) MS 365 held by Special Collection & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy

description: United States Navy admiral

wikidata_label: Claude C. Bloch

wikipedia_title: Claude C. Bloch


text: DD

text: FRSE

text: Hawick

text: Scottish Borders

text: Ancrum

text: University of Edinburgh

text: Church of Scotland

text: Edinburgh

text: Minto

text: Jedburgh

text: Robert Burns

text: University of St Andrews

text: Royal Society of Edinburgh

text: Andrew Dalzell

text: James Hutton

text: Rev John Hill

text: Jedburgh Abbey

text: William Somerville

text: Mary Greig (née Fairfax)

text: Henry Elliot

categories: Alumni of the University of Edinburgh,1830 deaths,Scottish clergy,1740 births,Scottish historians,People from Hawick,Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

paragraph: Thomas Somerville (minister)

paragraph: Rev Dr Thomas Somerville DD FRSE FSA(Scot) (9 March 1740–16 May 1830) was an 18th/19th century Scottish minister, antiquarian and amateur scientist. From 1793 until death he was King's Chaplain in Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born on 9 March 1740 in the manse at Hawick in the Scottish Borders the son of Janet Grierson and her husband, Rev William Somerville (d.1757). He was educated in Hawick Parish School. On the death of his father he and his two sisters were left in the care of a family friend, Mr Cranstoun of Ancrum.

paragraph: He then studied divinity at the University of Edinburgh. He was licensed to preach by the Church of Scotland in 1764. In Edinburgh he fell from his horse near the house of Rev Bain, minister of the Relief Church and spent months living there recovering. He had an aversion to horses for the rest of his life.

paragraph: He did not get a post as a minister immediately and whilst awaiting a church acted as tutor to the children of Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet, of Minto, later Governor General of India. In 1767 Sir Gilbert appointed him minister of the local parish church at Minto, probably on the death of the previous minister. In 1772 he transferred from Minto to Jedburgh and remained there for the rest of his life.

paragraph: In May 1787 Somerville met the poet Robert Burns during his stay in Jedburgh. Burns complained that Somerville was "sadly addicted to punning". Somerville claimed that Burns presented him with a gold-topped cane during his visit. This is unlikely, and although Somerville owned a gold-topped cane it was likely self-bought.

paragraph: The University of St Andrews awarded him an honorary doctorate (DD) in 1789. In 1793 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Andrew Dalzell, James Hutton, and Rev John Hill.

paragraph: He died following a short illness in the manse at Jedburgh on 16 May 1830 aged 90. He is buried in the grounds of Jedburgh Abbey within the Lady Chapel.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1770 he married Martha Charters (d.1809). They had at least six children including William Somerville who later married their niece Mary Greig (née Fairfax), who spent much of her childhood with them. Their daughter Janet married General Henry Elliot.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "History of Political Transactions and Parties from Charles II to King William" (1792)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the Constitution and State of Great Britain" (1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The History of Great Britain During the Reign of Queen Anne" (1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Own Life and Times" (1814)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Collection of Sermons" (1815)

description: Church of Scotland minister and historian

wikidata_label: Thomas Somerville

wikipedia_title: Thomas Somerville (minister)


text: CamelPhat

text: Panic Room

text: Alan Walker

text: St. John's, Antigua

text: Torsten Stenzel

text: periodic table

text: gold

text: transition metal

text: atomic number

text: radium

text: alkaline earth metal

text: YouTube

categories: 21st-century Spanish singers,People from Ibiza,Spanish dance musicians,Spanish people of German descent,Spanish female pop singers,Living people,2002 births

paragraph: Au/Ra

paragraph: Jamie Lou Stenzel (born 15 May 2002), known by her stage name as Au/Ra, is a German/Antiguan singer-songwriter. Stenzel released her first single 'Concrete Jungle' in 2016, which quickly gained 15 million streams worldwide. She rose to prominence in 2018 with the CamelPhat version of her single "Panic Room" and was featured on Norwegian DJ Alan Walker's number-one single "Darkside" in the same year. The original version has 20 million streams worldwide. Au/Ra was born in Spain, but was since raised in St. John's, Antigua by a musical family—her father being renowned German producer Torsten Stenzel.

paragraph: Section::::Stage name origin.

paragraph: Her stage name Au/Ra consists of two elements from the periodic table: Au stands for gold, a transition metal with the atomic number 79, while Ra stands for radium, a slightly radioactive alkaline earth metal with the atomic number 88. According to Alan Walker's Unmasked Vlog #1 Video on YouTube, Jamie stated that there are already a couple of artists named "Aura", and when she chose "Aura" as her stage name, she decided to put a slash between "Au" & "Ra". She also mentioned that her artist name derives from a lord of the rings fanfiction she wrote when she was younger, where the main character was called Aura.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Au/Ra's artist page on Sony Music UK website

description: German singer

wikidata_label: Au/Ra

wikipedia_title: Au/Ra


href: midwife Oslo F%C3%B8dselsstiftelsen Copenhagen Oslo Maternity%20hospital

text:
midwife
Christiania
Fødselsstiftelsen
Copenhagen
Christiania
maternity institution

categories: Norwegian expatriates in Denmark,1780 births,Norwegian midwives,1852 deaths

paragraph: Maria Nubsen

paragraph: Maria Nubsen (c,1780–1852) was a Norwegian midwife. She served as midwife in Christiania for nearly fifty years.

paragraph: She was a daughter of Christen Hansen, and married Lars Nubsen in 1801. After receiving education at Fødselsstiftelsen in Copenhagen, she was approved midwife in 1799. She was assigned as midwife in Christiania from 1801, and practiced until about 1850, including an assignment for the maternity institution from 1818 to 1831, the foundation's first midwife.

wikidata_label: Maria Nubsen

wikipedia_title: Maria Nubsen


text: Province of Pennsylvania

text: Loyalist

text: American Revolution

text: Yorkshire, England

text: Thirsk

text: Quaker

text: Skipton

text: classical studies

text: London

text: Dr. John Fothergill

text: botany

text: pharmacopoeia

text: Timothy Bevan

text: Province of Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia

text: Latin

text: Penn Charter School

text: Friends Select School

text: American Revolution

text: Loyalist

text: pacifist

text: partisanship

text: bias

text: Tory

text: egalitarian

text: Socrates

text: Aristides

text: Robert Proud (1728–1813): A Biography

text: Robert Proud (1728–1813)

text: Loyalists of Pennsylvania

categories: 18th-century English historians,Historians of Pennsylvania,19th-century Quakers,English Quakers,1728 births,19th-century English historians,Loyalists in the American Revolution,1813 deaths,18th-century Quakers

paragraph: Robert Proud

paragraph: Robert Proud (1728–1813) was an English educator, Quaker and historian known for his research and writing about the Province of Pennsylvania (also known as the Pennsylvania Colony).

paragraph: Dubbed "Pennsylvania's first historian" Proud was a Loyalist during the American Revolution, and completed much of his writing while living in poverty after emigrating from England to Philadelphia.

paragraph: Section::::Formative years.

paragraph: Born on May 10, 1728 in Yorkshire, England, Robert Proud was a son of Ann and William Proud, a prosperous farmer. Initially reared "on a leasehold near the North-Riding market-town of Thirsk," according to historian J. H. Powell, he was educated in a primary school in the community of his birth, but was then sent at the age of 18 by his parents to David Hall's Quaker boarding school at Skipton. While there, he trained intensively in classical studies. After completing his education in 1750, he worked briefly as a bookkeeper in London before being persuaded by Dr. John Fothergill to pursue studies in botany and pharmacopoeia, which he did. In order to support himself, he secured work as a tutor for several families, including that of Timothy Bevan of Hackney, with whom he resided for a number of years before emigrating from England in late winter of 1758.

paragraph: Shortly after arriving in the Province of Pennsylvania (also known as the Pennsylvania Colony), he settled in Philadelphia, where he launched a private school for boys dedicated to the instruction of Latin. When that school failed two years later, he was hired to teach at The Friends School in that city in September 1861. Also known as The Friends Academy, The Public School or the Penn Charter School, it is known today as the Friends Select School. He ultimately rose to the level of master teacher.

paragraph: But even after having some success as an educator, Proud's life remained far from secure. Per Powell, during "his first twenty years [in Philadelphia, Proud] lived in fourteen different Quaker homes, dependent upon Friends for his bed and board". Persecuted politically during the American Revolution for his Loyalist sympathies toward England and religiously for his pacifist views as a Quaker — the latter of which may have been kindled by the decreased Quaker population and resulting decline of Quaker influence, according to historian Robert F. Oaks — Proud attempted to gain a more secure financial footing by establishing another enterprise of his own — a London-based business venture launched in partnership with his brother in September 1870 — but it also failed quickly. Briefly moderating his "views on 'the American cause'", according to Kara Flynn, Special Collections cataloguer at Haverford College, he "returned to his Loyalist roots" following a series of revolts by Patriot sympathizers. As Philadelphia became an increasingly dangerous place for him, he resigned from his teaching position in 1775, opting to remain in seclusion until 1880 to avoid arrest and preserve his own life. He used this time to write poetry, translate Latin works into English, and perform significant research that would later form the backbone of his two-volume "The History of Pennsylvania in North America".

paragraph: Leaving seclusion sometime around 1788, Proud returned to teaching at the Friends School and described his educational philosophy that same year via his "Some Short Notes & Memoranda by R.P. Philadelphia, Respecting the Scholastic Education of Youth Among Friends", according to biographer Melissa Hozik:

paragraph: "To render the Minds of youth attentive to Instruction & to habituate them to a decent & agreeable Deportment, in improved Society, are great Points in Education; but too little attended to by many ... the Education of youth ought to be considered, as it really is, a Religious Duty & Concern, as being introductory to the great Interests of Virtue & Happiness. ... "

paragraph: After soliciting and securing financial support from his students and other members of Philadelphia's Quaker community in order to continue his historical research and writing, he was then able to release the second volume of this work the following year. Volume II covered the periods of 1709 to 1742 and 1760 to 1770.

paragraph: According to curators at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Proud's two-volume set was "unsuccessful, due to its Loyalist leanings, and some very strong inaccuracies.

paragraph: Section::::Later years, death and legacy.

paragraph: Locked into a lifelong struggle with poverty, Proud finally retired to a life of seclusion. Having never married, he died in Philadelphia on July 7, 1813.

paragraph: In addition to the criticism and lack of financial success which his works suffered during his lifetime, Proud's "The History of Pennsylvania in North America" has also been criticized by latter day historians. According to Powell, "the first observation that occurs to one on reading Proud's "History"" is that "there was much material available which he chose not to consult, and much that he did use was of a highly partisan nature."

paragraph: Also, from the perspectiveof Robert Bray Wingate, the former rare books librarian at the Pennsylvania State Library:

paragraph: Proud had available to him historical resources which he chose to ignore and much of his work is marred by partisanship and bias. A pacifist of staunchly conservative outlook ... he remained throughout his life a Tory of deepest hue. Never an egalitarian, he was dismayed by the sweeping social and economic changes wrought by American independence and never reconciled himself to the objectives of the new republic.

paragraph: Although well-trained as a scholar, there is much truth to Proud's own assertion that his "History" was imperfect, deficient, and not what he had hoped for after some twenty years of gathering material and writing amidst gnawing privation as a schoolmaster.

paragraph: But, added Wingate, despite these problems, "Proud exemplifies the dissenting commentator whose political criticisms and trenchant observations of the passing scene remain perennially interesting and valuable to the historian".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Proud, Robert. ''The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn, in 1681, till after the Year 1742", Vol. I. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Zachariah Poulson, Jr., 1797.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Proud, Robert. "The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn, in 1681, till after the Year 1742", Vol. II. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Zachariah Poulson, Jr., 1798.

paragraph: Section::::Publications (abridged list).:Selected excerpts from the author's works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The wisdom of former ages, when transmitted, in writing, to posterity, in an inestimable treasure; but the actions of illustrious and virtuous persons, in the same manner exhibited, is still more beneficial: by the former our judgments are rightly informed, and our minds brought into a proper way of thinking; by the latter we are animated to an imitation; and while the excellency of noble examples is displayed before our understandings, our minds are inspired with a love of virtue. This appears to be the office of history; by which every succeeding age may avail itself of the wisdom, and, even, of the folly, of the preceding, and become wiser and happier by a proper application. Through this medium when we view the conduct of those great men of antiquity, who have benefited mankind, in their most essential interests, they appear frequently to have been actuated by motives, the most disinterested, and attended with a satisfaction more than human! — Adversity, which refines men, and renders them more fit to benefit the human race, is a frequent concomitant of worthy minds; and apparent success doth not always immediately attend noble and just designs:— When a "Socrates" is put to death, wisdom and truth seem to suffer; and when an "Aristides" is exiled, justice appears to be in disgrace. But virtue is its own reward, and depends not on the fluctuating opinions of mortals, not on the breath of popular applause; which is often on the side of error, and entirely opposite to the real interest of its votaries." — Robert Proud, "The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn, in 1681, till after the Year 1742", Vol. I (Introduction: Part the First, p. 1)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beeson, John M. "Robert Proud (1728–1813): A Biography". Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms, University of Michigan, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bell, Whitfield J. "Robert Proud (1728–1813)". Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Philosophical Society, 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henkels, Stan V. "The Proud Papers: Letters, Manuscripts, Books and Newspapers: Robert Proud, Historian of Pennsylvania" (catalog compiled for May 8–9, 1903 sale). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Davis & Harvey, 1903.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Siebert, Wilbur H. "The Loyalists of Pennsylvania", in "The Ohio State Bulletin", Vol. XXIV, No. 23, April 1, 1920. Columbus, Ohio: The University of Ohio, 1920. (No ISBN/OCLC/ISSN found, but publication is freely available online).

description: British man known for writing The History of Pennsylvania

wikidata_label: Robert Proud

wikipedia_title: Robert Proud


text:
American football
running back
Ohio State Buckeyes
La Grange High School
La Grange, Texas
touchdowns
Ohio State University
college football
Maurice Clarett
2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game
Ohio State Buckeyes bio

categories: 1998 births,Players of American football from Texas,Ohio State Buckeyes football players,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: J. K. Dobbins

paragraph: J'Kaylin Dobbins (born December 17, 1998) is an American football running back for the Ohio State Buckeyes.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Dobbins attended La Grange High School in La Grange, Texas. During his career he had 5,149 yards and 74 touchdowns. He rushed for 2,243 yards and 37 touchdowns as a sophomore and 2,740 yards and 35 touchdowns as a junior. He played in only one game his senior year due to an injury. Dobbins committed to Ohio State University to play college football.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: In his first game at Ohio State in 2017, Dobbins rushed for 181 yards on 29 carries. Dobbins became only the fourth freshman in Ohio State history to eclipse the 1,000 yard rushing mark in a season and he overtook Maurice Clarett for the most rushing yards by a Freshman in the 2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game with his 174-yard, MVP performance.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Statistics.

paragraph: Through the 2018 season, Dobbins' statistics are as follows:

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ohio State Buckeyes bio

description: American-football player (1998-)

wikidata_label: J. K. Dobbins

wikipedia_title: J. K. Dobbins


text: eponym

text: Plovdiv

text: Russo-Turkish War

text: Anatolia

text: Biga, Çanakkale

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Balkan Wars

text: Gallipoli Campaign

text: Sedd el Bahr

text: Gallipoli Peninsula

text: British Army

text: dreadnought

text: torpedo boat

text: Allies of World War I

text: mitrailleuse

text: Dardanelles

text: squad

text: Company

text: Battalion

text: Regiment

text: Division

text: Colonel

text: Halil Sami Bey

text: grenade

text: sword bayonet

text: Lieutenant colonel

text: Mustafa Kemal

text: Cevat Pasha

text: Commander-in-chief

text: Enver Pasha

text: Ottoman War Medal

text: Biga

text: Çanakkale Province

text: Mehmetçik

categories: People from Plovdiv,1878 births,People from Biga, Çanakkale,Ottoman military personnel of World War I,Gallipoli Campaign,Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars

paragraph: Bigalı Mehmet Çavuş

paragraph: Bigalı Mehmet Çavuş (1878–3 February 1964), (literally Sergeant Mehmet of Biga) was an Ottoman Army sergeant, who fought during the Gallipoli Campaign of World War I. He is remembered as a hero, and is considered to be the eponym of the common name "Mehmetçik" used for an Ottoman or a Turkish soldier.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born in Plovdiv, Bulgaria in 1878.

paragraph: During the Russo-Turkish War (which saw Russians taking Plovdiv on 16 January 1878), Mehmet's family emigrated to Anatolia, and settled in Bahçeli village of Biga, Çanakkale in the Ottoman Empire.

paragraph: He participated in the Balkan Wars.

paragraph: Section::::Battle.

paragraph: Sgt. Mehmet took part in the Gallipoli Campaign (1915–1916), stationed at the beach in front of the Sedd el Bahr Fort () and artillery batteries on the Gallipoli Peninsula. He fought the landing of the British Army. At

paragraph: 14:45 local time on March 4, 1915, a fleet consisting of five dreadnoughts and seven torpedo boats of the Allies of World War I bombarded Seddülbahir. They landed sixty troops in three boats at Seddülbahir from a battleship under the shield of mitrailleuse fire to capture the Ottoman fortifications in order to secure the passage of their naval forces through the Dardanelles. Although the artillery batteries in Seddülbahir were evacuated by the Ottomans, a squad led by Bigalı Mehmet Çavuş was deployed to the Seddülbahir Fort. The formation was part of the 10th Company, 3rd Battalion, 27th Regiment of the 9th Division commanded by Colonel Halil Sami Bey, who was responsible for the defense of the area. The 30 Turkish men were armed by rifle and grenade only. During the three-hour-long fierce battle, the Turks continuously changed their positions in the fort, giving an impression of being stronger in numbers than they actually were. No more Allied troop landing took place due to this tactic. During the battle, Sgt. Mehmet's rifle barrel broke into pieces, so he threw his broken rifle at the enemy, and instead started to attack them with stones. This attack caused Sgt. Mehmet to be wounded in the head and on the right chest. When his comrades saw Sgt. Mehmet fighting with stones, they broke cover and began to fire openly. Finally, the invading Allied troops retreated to their battleships following a sword bayonet thrust launched by the Turks. As the Ottoman reserve force came to the scene in the evening, there were 6 dead, 13 wounded among the Ottoman soldiers, and only 12 left were capable to keep up with any fight.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Lieutenant colonel Mustafa Kemal, commander of the 19th Division at Haraptepe, sent a report to Cevat Pasha, commander of the Dardanelles fortifications, and asked him to award Sgt. Mehmet with a medal. Vice Commander-in-chief Enver Pasha visited Sgt. Mehmet at the military hospital in Çanakkale, and decorated him with the Ottoman War Medal.

paragraph: Sgt. Mehmet served sixteen years in the army. Later, he lived a modest life in Bahçeli village of Biga in Çanakkale Province; refusing financial assistance as he had fought for his country and not for money. He died at age 86 on 3 February 1964, and was buried next to his wife's grave in his village.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: A similar war medal is on display in the "Bigalı Mehmet Çavuş Arts Gallery". It is considered that the common name "Mehmetçik" (literally "Little Mehmet") for an Ottoman or a Turkish soldier was coined after him. In 2017, his burial site was transformed into a monumental grave, and a war gallery was established next to it. Some high-ranked military officers and local politicians have visited his grave to pay their respects. He is remembered as a hero.

wikidata_label: Bigalı Mehmet Çavuş

wikipedia_title: Bigalı Mehmet Çavuş


text:
racing cyclist
men's team time trial
2017 UCI Road World Championships

categories: Living people,People from Larvik,Norwegian male cyclists,1995 births

paragraph: Ken-Levi Eikeland

paragraph: Ken-Levi Eikeland (born 9 October 1995) is a Norwegian racing cyclist. He competed in the men's team time trial event at the 2017 UCI Road World Championships.

paragraph: Section::::Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

description: Norwegian bicycle racer

wikidata_label: Ken-Levi Eikeland

wikipedia_title: Ken-Levi Eikeland