text: baseball

text: left fielder

text: Cuban team

text: 2008 Summer Olympics

text: Major League Baseball

text: Atlanta Braves

text: Santiago de Cuba

text: Cuban National Series

text: hit

text: home run

text: runs batted in

text: Cuba national baseball team

text: 2008 Beijing Olympics

text: 2010 Intercontinental Cup

text: 2011 Pan American Games

text: 2009 World Baseball Classic

text: Major League Baseball

text: Haiti

text: Dominican Republic

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Tommy John surgery

text: spring training facility in Arizona

text: Tulsa Drillers

text: Texas League

text: Midland RockHounds

text: Razor Shines

text: Oklahoma City Dodgers

text: Atlanta Braves

text: Paco Rodriguez

text: 2016 MLB Draft

text: Mat Latos

text: Michael Morse

text: Bronson Arroyo

text: Alex Wood

text: Jim Johnson

text: Luis Avilán

text: José Peraza

text: Miami Marlins

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Daniel Castro

text: Triple-A Gwinnett

text: San Diego Padres

text: Matt Kemp

text: designated

text: Sugar Land Skeeters

categories: Olympic baseball players of Cuba,Oklahoma City Dodgers players,Baseball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Tulsa Drillers players,1985 births,Atlanta Braves players,Avispas de Santiago de Cuba players,Arizona League Dodgers players,Cuban defectors,Gwinnett Braves players,Olympic silver medalists for Cuba,Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Pan American Games bronze medalists for Cuba,Cangrejeros de Santurce (baseball) players,2009 World Baseball Classic players,Major League Baseball third basemen,Living people,Cuban baseball players,Pan American Games medalists in baseball,Olympic medalists in baseball,Baseball players at the 2011 Pan American Games,Gulf Coast Braves players

paragraph: Héctor Olivera (baseball)

paragraph: Héctor Olivera Amaro (born April 5, 1985) is a Cuban former professional baseball left fielder. He was part of the Cuban team that won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Cuban career.

paragraph: Olivera played for the Santiago de Cuba team in the Cuban National Series from 2003 through 2014 and hit .323 with 96 home runs and 433 runs batted in for them. He missed the entire 2012-13 season due to a blood disorder, which also limited him defensively during the 2013-14 season.

paragraph: In addition, he played for the Cuba national baseball team at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, 2007 and 2009 Baseball World Cups, the 2010 Intercontinental Cup, the 2011 Pan American Games and the 2009 World Baseball Classic.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Defection from Cuba.

paragraph: Olivera defected from Cuba in September 2014 to pursue a career in Major League Baseball, establishing his residence in Haiti. His potential drew many scouts to his showcase in the Dominican Republic, where he was said to be in good physical condition with a quick bat and above-average power.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: On March 24, 2015, he agreed to sign with the Los Angeles Dodgers for six years and $62.5 million, including a $28 million signing bonus. His contract also reportedly included a clause that would allow the Dodgers to add on a seventh year for $1 million if Olivera required Tommy John surgery. This clause was the result of several MRIs that showed Olivera had a minor UCL tear.

paragraph: Olivera worked out at the Dodgers training facility in the Dominican Republic while waiting for his visa to travel to the United States to be approved, which finally happened on May 11, 2015. He passed his physical on May 19 and officially signed his contract. The physical also revealed that, contrary to previous reports, he did not need elbow surgery. The team announced that Olivera would spend several weeks at their spring training facility in Arizona before joining a minor league team. On June 3, he was assigned to the Double-A Tulsa Drillers of the Texas League to begin his professional baseball career. He made his debut with the Drillers the next day and had one hit in four at-bats with two walks in a game against the Midland RockHounds. This was his first game action since the 2013-14 Cuban season and manager Razor Shines said, "For a guy that hasn't played in that long, his at-bats were really good." In six games for the Drillers, Olivera batted .318 and hit a grand slam. He was promoted to the Triple-A Oklahoma City Dodgers on June 12. His advancement was hampered by a hamstring injury on June 20.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: On July 30, 2015, in a three-team trade, the Atlanta Braves acquired Olivera, Paco Rodriguez, minor-league pitcher Zachary Bird and a competitive balance draft pick for the 2016 MLB Draft, while the Dodgers acquired Mat Latos, Michael Morse, Bronson Arroyo, Alex Wood, Jim Johnson, Luis Avilán and José Peraza, and the Miami Marlins acquired minor-league pitchers Victor Araujo, Jeff Brigham and Kevin Guzman. He was called up to the majors for the first time on September 1, 2015. Six days later, Olivera hit his first major league home run in a game against the Philadelphia Phillies. In the off-season, Olivera played in the Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente based in Puerto Rico, where he began a transition to left field. The Braves continued starting Olivera in left field during spring training.

paragraph: On April 13, 2016, Olivera was arrested outside Washington, D.C., after a domestic dispute. Although convicted of misdemeanor assault and battery and sentenced to a 90 day prison term, he was released after serving 10 days. He was subsequently placed on the MLB restricted list, and in his absence, the Braves recalled Daniel Castro from Triple-A Gwinnett as an infielder replacement.

paragraph: On May 26, 2016, Olivera was ultimately suspended for 82 games without pay for violating MLB's off-the-field personal conduct policy that consists of domestic violence and other known violations, meaning that Olivera would not be eligible to play until August 1. The suspension applied retroactively on April 30, and Olivera decided not to appeal it.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:San Diego Padres.

paragraph: On July 30, 2016, the Braves traded Olivera to the San Diego Padres in exchange for Matt Kemp and cash considerations. Upon the completion of his MLB suspension, the Padres designated Olivera for assignment on August 2. On August 9, 2016, Olivera was released.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Sugar Land Skeeters.

paragraph: On May 30, 2017, Olivera signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. On November 1, 2017, he became a free agent and retired from professional baseball at age 32.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of baseball players who defected from Cuba

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball players suspended for domestic violence

alias:
Hector Olivera
Olivera, Hector
Héctor Olivera Amaro
Hector Olivera Amaro

description: Cuban National Series baseball player

wikidata_label: Héctor Olivera

wikipedia_title: Héctor Olivera (baseball)


text:
Count of Guelders
Clementia of Aquitaine
William I, Count of Burgundy
Waleran II of Limburg
Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut
Gerard II, Count of Guelders
Ermengarde of Zutphen
Otto II, Count of Zutphen

categories: 1129 deaths,House of Wassenberg,11th-century people of the Holy Roman Empire,1060s births,12th-century people of the Holy Roman Empire,Counts of Guelders

paragraph: Gerard I, Count of Guelders

paragraph: Gerard I of Guelders (c. 1060 – 8 March 1129) was Count of Guelders (Gelre in Dutch). He was the son of Theodoric of Wassenberg.

paragraph: He may have been married to Clementia of Aquitaine, although that proposed marriage seems to be based on a falsified document. It is also possible that he married an unnamed daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy.

paragraph: Gerard had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jutta of Wassenberg, married Waleran II of Limburg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande of Wassenberg (Yolande of Guelders), married 1) Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut and 2) Godfrey II de Ribemont Châtelain de Valenciennes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerard II, Count of Guelders married Ermengarde of Zutphen, daughter of Otto II, Count of Zutphen.

description: Dutch noble

wikidata_label: Gerard I, Count of Guelders

wikipedia_title: Gerard I, Count of Guelders


text:
king of Cambodia
Siamese
Vietnamese
colonial France
French Protectorate of Cambodia
Ang Eng
Oudong
Thai
Norodom
Sisowath
Sihanouk
Bangkok
Cambodian literature
Khmer classical dance
Crown prince
Mongkut
Mongkol Borey District
King of Cambodia
Oudong
Thailand
investiture
General Chakri
Gia Long
Mekong basin
Longvek
Battambang
Siem Reap
Ayutthaya
Siamese–Vietnamese War
Ang Chan
Siamese–Vietnamese War
British
Singapore
Protectorate
Napoleon III
Indochinese Union
British
Cochinchina
Norodom Prohmbarirak
Mekong river
Literature of Cambodia
Lettre de S.M. Ang Duong

categories: 19th-century poets,19th-century Cambodian monarchs,1860 deaths,1796 births,Buddhist monarchs,Cambodian poets,19th-century Cambodian writers,Cambodian people of Thai descent

paragraph: Ang Duong

paragraph: Ang Duong ( , 12 June 1796 – 19 October 1860) was king of Cambodia, who reigned from 1841 to 1844 and 1845 to his death in 1860. Formally invested in 1848, his rule proved to be most beneficial for the kingdom, that was suffering from several centuries of royal dissent and decline. His politics focused on sustained national unity and identity and the minimization of foreign interference. He issued the first substantial revision of the legal codex in centuries and he encouraged and supervised religious and cultural reforms. Confronted with increasing Siamese and Vietnamese encroachment he attempted to establish an alliance with colonial France on a sovereign basis. Although this rendez-vous culminated in the ninety-year period of the French Protectorate of Cambodia, King Ang Duong was the decisive force behind the existence of the modern united Cambodian state. His official title is "Preah Raja Samdach Preah Hariraksha Rama Suriya Maha Isvara Adipati".

paragraph: He was the agnatic ancestor of all later monarchs of Cambodia.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Ang Duong was the son of King Ang Eng, who ruled Cambodia from 1779 to 1797 and resided at the then capital Oudong. His mother was Ros, a royal consort since 1793 and later "Queen Vara". who was of Thai origin (died around 1869). Ang Duong was the father of his successor King Norodom (1834–1904), King Sisowath (1840–1927) and was the great-great-grandfather of King Norodom Sihanouk (1941-2004). Dedicated to extend the royal family line Ang Duong had numerous wives and produced 18 legitimate children - 11 sons and 7 daughters.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: King Ang Duong is acclaimed as a promoter of national unity after centuries of regress and venerated among modern Cambodians for his efforts to revitalize the nation and protect the kingdom from foreign invasion. However, limited power, poverty and internal dissension prevented lasting success. He spent 27 years in Bangkok from the age of 16 until aged 43. During his residence in Thailand Ang Duong composed poetry, authored and published classical Cambodian literature and historical works and later promoted the enactment of a comprehensive reformed legal codex and participated in the artistic development of Khmer classical dance. He translated the Cambodian folktale "Vorvong & Sorvong" into the Thai language as a birthday present for Thai Crown prince Mongkut. He was appointed governor of the then Thai Mongkol Borey District in 1834. In 1843 Ang Duong was crowned King of Cambodia in Bangkok and returned to Oudong.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Political background.

paragraph: Siam (modern day Thailand) which since the late eighteenth century royal investiture of General Chakri was governed by a well established dynasty and Vietnam united since 1802 under Emperor Gia Long increasingly fought over control of the fertile Mekong basin, the Cambodian heartland. Siam had after the 1594 conquest of Cambodia's capital Longvek and the permanent annexation of Cambodia's Battambang and Siem Reap provinces introduced a tradition of taking Cambodian royalty hostage and relocate them at the court of Ayutthaya. Thus, Siam effectively controlled Cambodian national policies and royal succession. After initially conquering all of Cambodia during the Siamese–Vietnamese War of 1831 to 1834, Siam, attempting to conquer Southern Vietnam was defeated by Vietnamese troops and pushed back. Vietnam subsequently gained military control of Cambodia and restored King Ang Chan, who had been dethroned by Siam. Only a decade later Khmer discontent with increasing Vietnamese dominance among demands to adopt Vietnamese customs encouraged Siam to intervene and invade again during the Siamese–Vietnamese War of 1841 to 1845. Again Vietnam proved to be superior on the battlefield, however Siam was able to negotiate an agreeable peace treaty, by which Cambodia was placed under joint Siamese-Vietnamese suzerainty, a final act of complete disregard for Khmer national and royal authority.

paragraph: Author Justin Corfield wrote in "French Indochina": "[1807] the Vietnamese expanded their lands by establishing a protectorate over Cambodia. However king […] Ang Duong was keen on Cambodia becoming independent of [...] Thailand [...] and Vietnam [...] and sought help from the British in Singapore. When that failed, he enlisted the help of the French." British agent John Crawfurd states: "...the King of that ancient Kingdom is ready to throw himself under the protection of any European nation..."

paragraph: King Ang Duong's policies paved the way for France to establish a Protectorate in 1863 which lasted for 90 years. In order to preserve the kingdom's national identity and integrity, King Ang Duong initiated secret negotiations in a letter to Napoleon III proposing some form of cooperation with France. King Ang Duong died in 1860, three years before negotiations had concluded. King Norodom Prohmbarirak signed and officially recognized the French protectorate on 11 August 1863, that was effectively incorporated into the Indochinese Union in 1867.

paragraph: There has been considerable debate over the wisdom of Duong's policies. Nonetheless, the idea that he actively sought to subject his kingdom to colonial serfdom has been contested. Contrary to the assertions of some 19th century French authors, Duong did not seek the imposition of a French protectorate over his country, he rather pondered the feasibility of some ill-defined, unequal relationship with France. He certainly was aware, that the French main objective for a protectorate was the containment of the British and the creation of a secure flank for Cochinchina. The historic reality of 19th century Asia reminded any local ruler to seek alignment of some form or the other with at least one of the then technological more advanced Western powers. Ang Duong's death in October 1860 and accumulating foreign pressure convinced his son King Norodom Prohmbarirak to agree to the initially rather moderate French terms.

paragraph: Cambodia was capable to preserve its identity, culture and traditions during the French colonial period, which might otherwise have diffused into the modern Vietnamese and Siamese nations, that could have absorbed all Cambodian territory as their modern border most likely would be the Mekong river.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Literature of Cambodia

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Footnotes

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lettre de S.M. Ang Duong

description: Cambodian politician

wikidata_label: Ang Duong

wikipedia_title: Ang Duong


text:
Scottish
Ayr
advocate
Member of Parliament
Ayr Burghs
liberal
Sir Samuel Romilly
Lord Cockburn
Henry Cockburn
juries
judge
peremptory challenge
parish schools
pauper
Scottish Reform Act 1832
Whigs
Clerk of the Ordnance
Junior Lord of the Treasury
burgh reform
law of entail
sheriff courts
Ireland
pay master
civil services

categories: Members of the Faculty of Advocates,UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1820–1826,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies,Members of the Privy Council of Ireland,1879 deaths,People from Ayr,UK MPs 1818–1820,People from South Ayrshire,UK MPs 1826–1830,UK MPs 1830–1831,1788 births,UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: Thomas Francis Kennedy

paragraph: Thomas Francis Kennedy (11 November 1788 – 1 April 1879), Scottish politician, was born near Ayr in 1788. He studied for the bar and became advocate in 1811. Having been elected Member of Parliament for the Ayr Burghs in 1818, he devoted the greater part of his life to the promotion of liberal reforms.

paragraph: In 1820 he married the only daughter of Sir Samuel Romilly. He was greatly assisted by Lord Cockburn, then Mr. Henry Cockburn, and a volume of correspondence published by Kennedy in 1874 forms a curious and interesting record of the consultations of the two friends on measures which they regarded as requisite for the political regeneration of their native country. One of the first measures to which he directed his attention was the withdrawal of the power of nominating juries from the judges, and the imparting of a right of peremptory challenge to prisoners. Among other subjects were the improvement of the parish schools, of pauper administration, and of several of the corrupt forms of legal procedure which then prevailed.

paragraph: Kennedy took a prominent part in the construction of the Scottish Reform Act 1832; indeed he and Lord Cockburn may almost be regarded as its authors. After the accession of the Whigs to office in 1832 he held office in the ministry as Clerk of the Ordnance in 1832 and as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1832 to 1834, and most of the measures of reform for Scotland, such as burgh reform, the improvements in the law of entail, and the reform of the sheriff courts, owed much to his sagacity and energy. In 1837 he went to Ireland as pay master of civil services, and set himself to the promotion of various measures of reform. Kennedy retired from office in 1854, but continued to take keen interest in political affairs and up to his death in 1879 took a great part in both county and parish business. He had a stern love of justice, and a determined hatred of everything savouring of corruption or dishonesty.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Thomas Francis Kennedy

wikipedia_title: Thomas Francis Kennedy


text:
Orientalist
Hugo von Mohl
Robert von Mohl
Stuttgart
Silvestre de Sacy
Tübingen
Oxford
Academy of Inscriptions
Collège de France
Société Asiatique
Shah Nameh
Ferdoasi Tusi
Persian
Barbier de Meynard
Nineveh
Justus Olshausen
Mary
Madame Récamier
Florence Nightingale
Robert von Mohl
Württemberg
Reichstag

categories: Translators from Persian,1800 births,Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences,University of Tübingen faculty,1876 deaths,German orientalists,Collège de France faculty,People from Stuttgart,Members of the Société Asiatique,Von Mohl family,French Iranologists

paragraph: Julius von Mohl

paragraph: Julius von Mohl (25 October 1800 – 4 January 1876) was a German Orientalist.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The brother of Hugo von Mohl and Robert von Mohl, he was born at Stuttgart. He abandoned the idea of entering the Lutheran ministry, and in 1823 went to Paris, at that time, under Silvestre de Sacy, the major European school of Eastern letters. From 1826 to 1833 he was nominally professor at Tübingen, but had permission to continue his studies abroad, and passed some years in London and Oxford.

paragraph: He resigned his chair at Tübingen in 1834, and settled permanently in Paris. In 1844 he was nominated to the Academy of Inscriptions, and in 1847 he became professor of Persian at the Collège de France. But his knowledge and interest extended to all departments of Oriental learning. He served for many years as secretary, and then as president of the Société Asiatique. He died in Paris on 3 January 1876.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: In 1826 he was charged by the French government with the preparation of an edition of the "Shah Nameh (Livre des rois)" (Kings Letter by Ferdoasi Tusi, the Persian epic poet), the first volume of which appeared in 1838, while the seventh and last was left unfinished at his death, being completed by Barbier de Meynard. His annual reports on Oriental science, presented to the society from 1840 to 1867, and collected after his death under the title "Vingt-sept ans d'histoire des études orientales" (Paris, 1879), are a history of the progress of Eastern learning during these years. Concerning the discoveries at Nineveh he wrote "Lettres de M. Botta sur les découvertes à Khorsabad" (1845). He also published anonymously, in conjunction with Justus Olshausen (1800–1882), "Fragments relatifs à la religion de Zoroastre" (Paris, 1829); "Confucii Chi-king sive liber carminum, ex latina P. Lacharmi interpretatione" (Stuttgart, 1830); and an edition of "Y-King, Antiquissimus Sinarum liber, ex interpretatione P. Regis" (Stuttgart, 1834–1839).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His wife Mary (1793–1883), daughter of Charles Clarke, had passed a great part of her early life in Paris, where she was very intimate with Madame Récamier, before their marriage in 1847, and for nearly forty years her house was one of the most popular intellectual centers in Paris. Madame Mohl's friends included a large number of Englishmen and Englishwomen, including Florence Nightingale and her family. She died in Paris on 14 May 1883. Madame Mohl wrote "Madame Récamier, with a Sketch of the History of Society in France" (London, 1862).

paragraph: Mohl's elder brother, Robert von Mohl (1799–1875), was a well-known jurist and statesman. Another brother, Moritz von Mohl (1802–1888), entered official life at an early age and was a member of the Frankfort parliament, and later of the parliament of Württemberg and of the imperial Reichstag. He was a voluminous writer on economic and political questions.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kathleen O'Meara, "Madame Mohl, her Salon and Friends" (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. C. M. Symposia, "Letters and Recollections of Julius and Mary Mohl" (1887).

description: German and French orientalist

wikidata_label: Julius von Mohl

wikipedia_title: Julius von Mohl


text:
Oppdal
Norway
bassist
jazz
free jazz
Trondheim Music Conservatory
NTNU
Ornette Coleman
Kongsberg Jazz Festival
Maria Kannegaard
Michael Bloch
Oslo
Moldejazz
Paul Bley
Coltrane
Oslo
Petter Wettre
Petter Wettre
Dave Liebman
Sigurd Køhn
Eivind Aarset
Bugge Wesseltoft
Didrik Ingvaldsen
Mats Gustafsson
Paal Nilssen-Love
Ken Vandermark
Raoul Björkenheim
Paal Nilssen-Love
Bugge Wesseltoft
Kongsberg Jazzfestival
Håkon Kornstad
Jon Christensen
Ola Kvernberg
Spellemannprisen
Kongsberg Jazz Award
Atomic
Element
The Thing
Scorch Trio
Ingebrigt Håker Flaten Quintet
Ken Vandermark
Joe McPhee
Paal Nilssen-Love
Bugge Wesseltoft
Håvard Wiik
Ola Kvernberg
Jazzland Rec

categories: People from Oppdal,Jazzland Recordings (1997) artists,Norwegian jazz upright-bassists,The Source (band) members,Petter Wettre Quartet members,21st-century double-bassists,Musicians from Oppdal,21st-century male musicians,Rune Grammofon artists,Atomic (band) members,Male double-bassists,Norwegian jazz composers,Close Erase members,1971 births,Norwegian University of Science and Technology alumni,Jazz double-bassists,Living people

paragraph: Ingebrigt Håker Flaten

paragraph: Ingebrigt Håker Flaten (born 23 September 1971 in Oppdal, Norway) is a Norwegian bassist active in the jazz and free jazz genres.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Flaten played electric bass in local funk trio "Neon" (1990), and studied on the Jazz program at Trondheim Music Conservatory (1992–94). He was involved in several groups from the first year at NTNU, including "Trondhjems Kunstorkester", "To brumbasser og en bi", and the successful group "The Source". With the latter Ornette Coleman inspired band he recorded records "Olemanns kornett" (1994) and "... of Christmas' (1995), toured in northern Europe and had a festival gigs together with such different constellations as "Motor Psycho" and "Cikada Quartet" (both in 1995). Already in 1993 he was part of jamkompet at Kongsberg Jazz Festival.

paragraph: "To brumbasser og en bi" was later better known as "Maria Kannegaard Trio". From 1994 he had a duo with Michael Bloch, and became a member of "Jax" from the same year, including festival gigs in Oslo and Moldejazz. He attended the Bugge Wesseltoft's album "New Conception of Jazz" (1995–96), and from 1995 he was a member of two successful groups, the Paul Bley inspired trio "Close Erase", with recording 1995 1998, 2001 and 2006. He also appeared on tours and festivals, as well as re-release 2010, "R.I.P. Complete Recordings 1995–2007, and the Coltrane inspired quartet "Element".

paragraph: In the winter of 1995–96 Flaten moved to Oslo and this led to many new involvements, like Acidband, SAN: "Song" (1996), "Oslo Groove Company", "YoungLove", and not least the super trio with Petter Wettre (1996–), usually just called "The Trio": "Meet the locals" (1998), "In color" (1999) and "Mystery unfolds" (2001), "Tour de force" with Petter Wettre/Dave Liebman (2000). Moreover, his authoritative bass have been listening to records with Sigurd Køhn (1996), Eivind Aarset (1997), "Jazzmob" (1998), Bugge Wesseltoft's "Sharing" (1998), "Moving" (2001) and "Live" (2000–02), Didrik Ingvaldsen (2000), two albums with the band "School Days" (2000 and 2001), seven albums with "The Thing", a trio with Mats Gustafsson and Paal Nilssen-Love (2001), "Live at Blå" (2003), "Action jazz" (2005), "Now and forever" (2005), "Immediate sound" with Ken Vandermark (2007) and "Bag it!" (2008), "No Spaghetti Edition" (2001) and og Atomic: "Feet music" (2001), "Boom Boom" (2002), "The Bikini tapes" (2004), "Happy new ears!" (2005), "Retrograde" (2007–08) and "Theater Tilters, vol 1–2" (2010).

paragraph: New recordings coming, like "The Electrics" (2002) and "The Scorch Trio" (with Raoul Björkenheim og Paal Nilssen-Love) 2002 og 2004, "Brolt!" (2008) and "Melaza" (2010). In 2003 he released his solo album "Double bass", and the same year he participated on the record "Bjørn Johansen in memoriam" and the fusjon of "Atomic" and "Schooldays" released in the album "Nuclear assembly hall", followed by "Distil" (Chicago 2006). A record with Bugge Wesseltoft "New Conception of Jazz" released in 2004, the same year as he was awarded "Vitalprisen" at Kongsberg Jazzfestival. In 2011 was published the record "My heart always wanders", which he did with Håkon Kornstad and Jon Christensen, from the same year he contributed on the Ola Kvernberg's record "Liarbird" receiving Spellemannprisen 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Kongsberg Jazz Award

paragraph: Section::::Selected Projects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atomic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Element

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Thing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scorch Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ingebrigt Håker Flaten Quintet

paragraph: Section::::Major Collaborators.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ken Vandermark

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joe McPhee

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paal Nilssen-Love

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bugge Wesseltoft

paragraph: BULLET::::- Håvard Wiik

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ola Kvernberg

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solo albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Double Bass" (Sofa)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Birds - Solo Electric" (Tektite Records Co.Operative)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Steel - Live In Bucharest" (Tektite Records Co.Operative)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Ingebrigt Håker Flaten Quintet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Quintet"(Jazzland Rec/Universal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "The Year Of The Boar" (Jazzland Rec/Universal)

description: jazz musician

wikidata_label: Ingebrigt Håker Flaten

wikipedia_title: Ingebrigt Håker Flaten


text: French

text: World War I

text: Salonika

text: Mostaganem

text: French Algeria

text: Chasseurs d'Afrique

text: Saint-Cyr

text: Tirailleurs

text: French Indochina

text: China

text: Boxer Rebellion

text: Clemens von Ketteler

text: Morocco

text: I Corps

text: corps

text: Battle of Charleroi

text: Fifth Army

text: Bulow

text: German Second Army

text: Hausen

text: Third Army

text: the Battle of Guise

text: Philippe Pétain

text: First Battle of the Marne

text: Fifth Army

text: Joffre

text: Edward Spears

text: President

text: Raymond Poincaré

text: Charles Lanrezac

text: Sir John French

text: KCVO

text: Ferdinand Foch

text: Ninth Army

text: Henry Hughes Wilson

text: George Macdonogh

text: Joseph Gallieni

text: Michel Maunoury

text: Archibald Murray

text: Sixth Army

text: Alexander von Kluck

text: 1st Army

text: Second Army

text: Eastern Army Group

text: Northern Army Group

text: Battle of Chemin des Dames

text: Western Front

text: Allied Army of the Orient

text: Salonika

text: Greeks

text: French

text: Serb

text: British

text: Italians

text: successful offensive

text: Macedonia

text: Bulgaria

text: overrunning much of the Balkans

text: Hungary

text: entered Constantinople

text: Mehmed II

text: Fall of Constantinople

text: Ottoman

text: Hungarian Soviet Republic

text: marshal of France

text: Voivoda

text: Field-Marshal

text: Gaston Gradis

text: Colomb-Béchar

text: Henri de Kérillis

text: Georges Estienne

text: Savé

text: Dahomey

text: Porto-Novo

text: coronation

text: Haile Selassie

text: Ethiopia

text: Addis Ababa

text: Académie française

text: Albi

text: Les Invalides

text: Western Front

text: Hindenburg Line

text: Battle of Doiran

text: Central Power

text: ultra-royalist

text: France

text: Bourbons

text: Légion d’honneur

text: Médaille militaire

text: Croix de guerre 1914–1918

text: Médaille Interalliée de la Victoire

text: Médaille commémorative du Maroc

text: Colonial Medal

text: Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion

text: Biographie sur Chemins de mémoire

categories: French military personnel of World War I,People from Mostaganem,People of the Hungarian–Romanian War,French military personnel of the Boxer Rebellion,1942 deaths,Pieds-Noirs,Members of the Académie française,1856 births,Lycée Hoche alumni,Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni,Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur,Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France),Marshals of France

paragraph: Louis Franchet d'Espèrey

paragraph: Louis Félix Marie François Franchet d'Espèrey (; ; 25 May 1856 – 8 July 1942) was a French general during World War I. As commander of the large Allied army based at Salonika, he conducted the successful Macedonian campaign, which caused the collapse of the Southern Front and contributed to the armistice.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Franchet d'Espèrey was born in Mostaganem in French Algeria, the son of a cavalry officer in the "Chasseurs d'Afrique". He was educated at Saint-Cyr and graduated in 1876. After being assigned to a regiment of Algerian Tirailleurs (native infantry), d'Espèrey served in French Indochina, in China (in the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, during which his cousin the German plenipotentiary Clemens von Ketteler was killed); and subsequently in Morocco. Franchet d'Espèrey then commanded various infantry regiments in France. He received command of I Corps in 1913.

paragraph: Section::::First World War.

paragraph: Section::::First World War.:1914.

paragraph: Section::::First World War.:1914.:Corps commander.

paragraph: In 1914, Franchet d'Espèrey did well as a corps commander at the Battle of Charleroi. On 23 August, the third day of the battle, with the German Second Army pressing the French centre, Franchet d’Esperey saw an opportunity for his I Corps to counterattack from the French right. Despite repeated pleas from 10am onward, Lanrezac refused him permission to do so. On 23 August Fifth Army was attacked again, this time also on the flanks, by Bulow’s German Second Army to the north and Hausen’s German Third Army against Franchet to the right.

paragraph: At the Battle of Guise (29 August), the day was won by a successful attack by his I Corps in the north: leading his men on horseback, he is said to have called out "how do you like this advance, Mr Staff College Professor?" to Colonel Philippe Pétain, who was commanding an infantry brigade. At that battle, he was ordered to rally III Corps on his left and X Corps on his right.

paragraph: Section::::First World War.:1914.:Army commander.

paragraph: On the eve of the First Battle of the Marne, Franchet d'Espèrey was given command of the Fifth Army. When asked by Joffre whether he was willing to accept the command he replied equivocally "the same as another". He added that the higher a man is promoted the more staff he gets. Despite being a naturally kind man, he affected a tyrannical demeanour to galvanise his officers. Edward Spears, then a lieutenant liaising between the BEF and the Fifth Army, wrote than he physically resembled a howitzer shell and of the "galvanic effect" that he had on his staff on taking command. He ordered that any man not doing his duty was to be shot, including staff officers. When General de Mas Latrie protested at an order, Franchet d'Esperey took the telephone from the staff officer Hely d'Oissel and told Latrie "marchez ou crevez" (march or die) before putting the phone down on him. He would break up roadblocks by firing his revolver out of the window of his car. President Raymond Poincaré noted that Franchet d'Esperey was "a stranger to depression".

paragraph: His predecessor, Charles Lanrezac, had had poor relations with the BEF commander, Sir John French, so Franchet d'Espèrey immediately sent the British commander a telegram signed "Franchet d’Esperey KCVO" promising cooperation. On 4 September Joffre asked Franchet d'Espérey and Ferdinand Foch, who was commanding the newly formed Ninth Army, if they would be willing to give battle in a day or two. Franchet d'Espérey met with Henry Hughes Wilson (BEF Sub Chief of Staff) and George Macdonogh (Head of BEF Intelligence) at Bray (simultaneous with Joseph Gallieni and Michel Maunoury's meeting with the BEF Chief of Staff Archibald Murray). Franchet d'Espérey's plan reached Joffre at 6.30pm as he was eating his dinner with two Japanese officers.

paragraph: He impressed Joffre by presenting a plan for a concerted attack by the Allied armies on 6 September if Maunoury's Sixth Army reached a certain position on the Ourcq at a certain time ("if not the British will not march"). If not, he would retreat a little further, south of the Grand Morin with the Sixth and the BEF l, striking Alexander von Kluck's 1st Army in flank. That was to become the basis for "Instruction Générale No 6", the Allied plan of attack at the Marne.

paragraph: When asked by Franchet d'Espérey be ready to attack on 6 September, General Hache of III Corps "looked as if he had been hit on the head with a club". De Mas Latrie was sacked and replaced by Maud'huy, from Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau's Second Army. Fifth Army had seen replacement of three out of five corps commanders and seven out of thirteen division commanders, and a similar proportion of brigade commanders.

paragraph: Section::::First World War.:1916-1917.

paragraph: By March 1916, Franchet d'Espérey was in command of the Eastern Army Group and by January 1917 the Northern Army Group. He was badly defeated by the Germans at the Battle of Chemin des Dames in May 1918.

paragraph: Section::::First World War.:1918 victory in Salonika.

paragraph: Removed from the Western Front, he was appointed commander of the Allied Army of the Orient at Salonika.

paragraph: Between 15 and 29 September 1918, Franchet d'Espèrey, in command of a large army of Greeks (9 divisions), French (6 divisions), Serbs (6 divisions), British (4 divisions) and Italians (1 division), staged a successful offensive in Macedonia that ended by taking Bulgaria out of the war. General Franchet d'Espèrey followed up the victory by overrunning much of the Balkans and by the war's end, his troops had penetrated well into Hungary. That collapse of the Southern Front was one of several developments that effectively triggered the November 1918 Armistice.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Although it is often stated in history books that on 8 February 1919, Franchet d'Espèrey entered Constantinople on a white horse, emulating Mehmed II's entrance in 1453 after the Fall of Constantinople and thus signifying that Ottoman sovereignty over the imperial city was over, this has recently been shown to be a myth.

paragraph: After World War I ended, Franchet d'Espèrey directed operations against the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919.

paragraph: He was made a marshal of France on 19 February 1921 and was given the honorary title of Voivoda (equivalent of Field-Marshal) by the Yugoslavian monarchy on 29 January 1921.

paragraph: In 1924 Franchet d'Espèrey was appointed inspector-general of France's North African troops, who had made up a substantial portion of the French forces serving under him on the Macedonian Front. He subsequently became interested in the strategic potential of the "grand axis" north-south route across the Sahara.

paragraph: He joined a trans-Saharan expedition led by Gaston Gradis that left Colomb-Béchar on 15 November 1924 in three six-wheel Renaults. Other members were the journalist Henri de Kérillis, commandant Ihler, the brothers Georges Estienne and René Estienne, three Renault mechanics and three legionnaires.

paragraph: The expedition reached Savé in Dahomey on 3 December 1924 after a journey of .

paragraph: The expedition leaders took the train south, and reached Porto-Novo on the Atlantic on 14 December 1924.

paragraph: Franchet d'Espèrey represented France at the coronation of Haile Selassie of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa on 1 November 1930. He was elected to the Académie française on 15 November 1934.

paragraph: He died in Albi on 8 July 1942 and is interred at Les Invalides.

paragraph: Section::::Assessment.

paragraph: He had drive and great energy and his victories against Bulgaria and the remnants of the German and Austro-Hungarian Armies were independent of the situation on the Western Front, demonstrated by the fact that they came before the main assault on the Hindenburg Line and against a still-capable army that offered strong resistance to the British and the Greeks in the Battle of Doiran.

paragraph: As a consequence of his generalship, Bulgaria signed armistice on 29 September, thus becoming the first Central Power to sign an armistice. In terms of personality, he was vain and pompous, if able. In terms of politics, he was a nationalist ultra-royalist whose loyalty to France outweighed his loyalty to the Bourbons.

paragraph: British troops, unable to pronounce his name properly, nicknamed him "Desperate Frankie."

paragraph: Several French cities and towns have boulevards and roads named after him such as in Dijon, Reims, Saint-Étienne, Versailles and Lorient. The Belgian city of Dinant has an Avenue Franchet d'Esperey. A boulevard Belgrade, Serbia, is named after him. In Greece, Salonika has a street named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Légion d’honneur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight (21 August 1886)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Officer (29 December 1904)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander (31 December 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Officer (30 December 1914)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Cross (10 July 1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Médaille militaire (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with 3 palms

paragraph: BULLET::::- Médaille Interalliée de la Victoire

paragraph: BULLET::::- Médaille commémorative du Maroc

paragraph: BULLET::::- Médaille Commémorative de la Grande Guerre

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colonial Medal with bars "Tonkin" and "Maroc"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Sources

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notice biographique sur le site de l'Académie française

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographie sur Chemins de mémoire

description: Marshal of France

wikidata_label: Louis Franchet d'Espèrey

wikipedia_title: Louis Franchet d'Espèrey


text:
C.Ss.R.
D.D.
Redemptorist
Bishop of Southwark
Brighton
Harrow School
Christ Church, Oxford
B.A.
M.A.
vicar
Roman Catholic Church
Ambrose Lisle Phillips
John Henry Newman
Rome
Oratory of St. Philip Neri
provost
Staffordshire
novitiate
Trond
Rector
Clapham
Provincial Superior
episcopate
Pope Leo XIII
see
James Danell
Cardinal Howard
St. Alfonso, on the Esquiline
enthroned
St George's Cathedral, Southwark
Teignmouth
Alphonso de' Liguori
Blosius
Catholic-Hierarchy.org

categories: English religious writers,19th-century English people,Post-Reformation Roman Catholic bishops in England,English translators,1885 deaths,People educated at Harrow School,People from Brighton,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Bishops of Southwark,19th-century British writers,19th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1819 births,English Roman Catholic bishops,Redemptorist bishops

paragraph: Robert Coffin (bishop)

paragraph: Robert Aston Coffin C.Ss.R., D.D. (19 July 1819 – 6 April 1885) was an English Redemptorist and Bishop of Southwark (25 May 1882 – 6 April 1885)

paragraph: Coffin was born at Brighton and educated at Harrow School and at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A. 1841, M.A. 1843). In 1843 he became vicar of St. Mary Magdalene, Oxford, but resigned two years later, and was received into the Roman Catholic Church on 3 December 1845. For a year after this he resided with Ambrose Lisle Phillips at Grace Dieu manor, and then he went with John Henry Newman to Rome, where he was ordained priest in 1847.

paragraph: Coffin joined the Oratory of St. Philip Neri, and in 1848-9 he was provost of the Oratorian community at St. Wilfrid's, Cotton Hall, Staffordshire. He then left the Oratorians and was received into the novitiate of the Redemptorist Fathers at Trond in Belgium, and made his profession on 2 February 1852. In 1855 he was chosen Rector of St. Mary's Church in Clapham, and in 1865 appointed to the office of Provincial Superior, in which he was successively confirmed every three years until his elevation to the episcopate. From 1852 to 1872 he was mostly employed in preaching missions and giving clergy retreats throughout England, Ireland and Scotland.

paragraph: In April 1882 Pope Leo XIII appointed Coffin to the see of Southwark, in succession to James Danell. He was consecrated by Cardinal Howard in the church of St. Alfonso, on the Esquiline, at Rome, 11 June 1882, and enthroned at St George's Cathedral, Southwark, on the 27th of the following month. He died at the house of the Redemptorists at Teignmouth.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Coffin published English translations of many of the works of Alphonso de' Liguori; and of Blosius's "Oratory of the Faithful Soul".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy.org

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Robert Coffin

wikipedia_title: Robert Coffin (bishop)


text:
Akan
expansionist policy
Denkyera
Ashanti
Kumasi
chiefs
Denkyira
Kumasi
Dutch
Elmina Castle
slave trade
Osei Tutu
Akwapim
"The Great Prophet Okomfo Anokye"
"Asantes Of Ghana History"
"Osei Tutu (d. 1717)"

categories: 17th-century African people,People from Eastern Region (Ghana),17th-century Ghanaian people,African mythology,History of Ghana,Ashanti Empire,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Okomfo Anokye

paragraph: Okomfo Anokye (born Kwame Frimpon Anokye) was a traditional priest in the Asante Empire. He is known for his participation in the expansion of the Ashanti Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: According to Akuapem tradition, he was son of Ano and Manubea, both from Awukugua in the Nifa Division of the Okere state. His name would originate from an incident :

paragraph: This claim was apparently latter confirmed by Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II during his visit at Awukugua in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::The Founding of the Ashanti Empire.

paragraph: When Osei Tutu I succeeded in about 1690 to the leadership of the small group of Akan forest states around the city of Kumasi, which were already grouped in a loose military alliance, Anokye was his adviser and chief priest. Tutu and Anokye, who must be considered together, carried out the expansionist policy of their predecessors, defeating two powerful enemies, the Akan Doma to the northwest and the Denkyera empire to the south.

paragraph: It was and still is said by the historians of Ashanti that the Asante people are descendants of the great Ghana Empire(thus the current name that Kwame Nkrumah gave the country), which is said to supplant their martial valour. The Ashanti conquered large parts of Ghana during the 17th century by overthrowing their powerful overlords, the Denkyira. Okomfo Anokye was essentially a powerful cleric who served to rally the people to the cause of his friend the king. Anokye is also said to have placed a dagger in the middle of the Ashanti region, which the Europeans have not been able to take out with any type of technology for over 500 years. Ashanti was one of the few regions in West Africa to achieve victories against the British in battle.

paragraph: Section::::The unification of the Ashanti peoples.

paragraph: To throw off the Denkyira yoke required a powerful unity that transcended the particularism of the Ashanti segments, and Anokye employed not only the political influence of his priesthood but also the spiritual ties it engendered to transform the loose Ashanti alliance into a "national" union in 1695.

paragraph: Anokye and Tutu established rituals and customs of the Ashanti state to diminish the influence of local traditions. They designated Kumasi, the Ashanti capital. They then established a state council of the chiefs of the preexisting states admitted to the union and suppressed all competing traditions of origin. Finally, they reorganized the Ashanti army.

paragraph: Section::::The War with the Denkyira.

paragraph: The War with Denkyira (1699–1701) went badly at first, but when the Denkyira army reached the gates of Kumasi, Anokye's incantations supposedly produced defections among their generals. The Ashanti broke the Denkyira hegemony and captured the Dutch deed of rent for Elmina Castle. This gave the traders of the empire access to the African coast and involved them henceforth in the commerce and politics of the coastal slave trade. After Osei Tutu's death in 1717, Anokye is said to have returned to Akwapim and died there. The real cause of his death is not known and it is said that he was going to bring the key to death - and so no one should cry; if anyone is heard crying he will never return. After a couple of days he still was not back and so the women cried, and it was said that he did not return again.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Great Prophet Okomfo Anokye", GhanaWeb, 31 October 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20070820093438/http://www.info-ghana.com/ashanti_empire.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Asantes Of Ghana History". Asanteman Council Of North America ACONA -USA Canada

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.doth.com/kwanzaa/africa/ghana/ghana.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.cosw.sc.edu/photogallery/ghana2001/pages/Okomfo%20Anokye%2023.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Osei Tutu (d. 1717)". Black History Pages.

description: Ashanti priest and lawgiver

wikidata_label: Okomfo Anokye

wikipedia_title: Okomfo Anokye


text: Alfonso X of Castile

text: Manuel of Castile

text: Beatrice of Savoy

text: Seigneury of Villena

text: infante

text: Alfonso IV

text: Pedro IV

text: Escalona

text: province of Toledo

text: Ferdinand III of Castile

text: Beatrice of Savoy

text: Sancho IV

text: Peñafiel

text: equestrianism

text: fencing

text: Moors

text: Granada

text: Murcia

text: María de Molina

text: James II of Aragon

text: Ferdinand IV

text: Alfonso XI

text: Toro

text: Blanca de La Cerda y Lara

text: Juan Núñez

text: alférez

text: Maria

text: Don Juan "el Tuerto"

text: Portugal

text: Muhammed IV, Sultan of Granada

text: Peter IV of Aragon

text: Battle of Río Salado

text: Algeciras

text: Alfonso X of Castile

text: Castilian

text: Castilian

text: Aesop

text: Phaedrus

text: Tristan

text: Gonzalo Argote de Molina

text: Seville

text: apologue

text: Juan de Valdés

text: Cervantes

text: Lope de Vega

text: Juan Ruiz de Alarcón

text: Calderón

text: José de Cañizares

text: The Taming of the Shrew

text: Hans Christian Andersen

text: James II of Majorca

text: James II of Aragon

text: Constanza Manuel

text: prince Peter of Portugal

text: Blanca de La Cerda y Lara

text: Ramón Berenguer, Count of Ampurias

text: James II of Aragon

text: Juana Manuel

text: Henry II of Castile

text: Spanish literature

text: Lida de Malkiel, Maria Rosa

text: Infante Don Juan Manuel (Biografía)

text: Text of De lo que aconteció in Spanish

categories: 1348 deaths,14th-century Castilians,14th-century writers,Castilian infantes,1282 births,People from the Province of Toledo,Medieval Spanish nobility,Dukes of Peñafiel,Castilian House of Ivrea

paragraph: Don Juan Manuel

paragraph: Don Juan Manuel (5 May 128213 June 1348) was a Spanish medieval writer, nephew of Alfonso X of Castile, son of Manuel of Castile and Beatrice of Savoy. He inherited from his father the great Seigneury of Villena, receiving the titles of Lord, Duke and lastly Prince of Villena. He married three times, choosing his wives for political and economic convenience, and worked to match his children with partners associated with royalty. Juan Manuel became one of the richest and most powerful men of his time, coining his own currency as the kings did. During his life, he was criticised for choosing literature as his vocation, an activity thought inferior for a nobleman of such prestige.

paragraph: Some confusion exists about his names and titles. Juan Manuel often refers to himself in his books as "Don Juan, son of infante don Manuel". But some 19th and early 20th century scholars started calling him infante, a title he did not possess, as in medieval Castile only the sons of kings were called infantes (and he was the grandson of Fernando III). The same applies for the title of Duke and Prince of Villena, that he received from Alfonso IV and Pedro IV of Aragón. While these titles follow the Aragonese nobiliary traditions, they were of little interest to the Castilian author, to the point that he never used them in his writings or correspondence, and they have only been associated to him by a handful of scholars.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Juan Manuel was born in the Castle of Escalona, in what is now the province of Toledo. He was a son of Manuel of Castile (son of Ferdinand III of Castile) and his second wife Beatrice of Savoy. His father died in 1284, and Juan was educated at the court of his cousin, Sancho IV, with whom his abilities made him a favourite. With the death of his mother in 1292, Juan Manuel became duke of Peñafiel. Juan Manuel was trained in arts such as equestrianism, hunting, and fencing, and in addition learned Latin, history, law, and theology. At the age of twelve, he fought to repel the attack of the Moors from Granada to Murcia.

paragraph: In 1304 he was entrusted by the queen mother, Doña María de Molina, to conduct political negotiations with James II of Aragon on behalf of her son, Ferdinand IV, then under age. The diplomacy was successful and Ferdinand's marriage to James II's daughter, Constantina, added to Juan Manuel's prestige.

paragraph: Juan Manuel had constant confrontations with his king. At the time, the throne of Castile was occupied by two monarchs, Ferdinand IV and Alfonso XI. Juan Manuel's loyalty was with Alfonso, to whom Juan Manuel gave the hand of his daughter Constanza. The wedding was postponed several times, until finally Alfonso XI jailed Constanza in the Castle of Toro for unclear reasons. This incident angered Juan Manuel, who decided to turn against Alfonso. He declared war on Alfonso, beginning a long confrontation.

paragraph: On the death of his wife Constantina in 1327, Don Juan Manuel strengthened his position by marrying Doña Blanca de La Cerda y Lara; he secured the support of Juan Núñez, "alférez" of Castile, by arranging a marriage between him and Maria, daughter of Don Juan "el Tuerto"; he won over Portugal by promising the hand of his daughter, the ex-queen Constanza, to the infante of that kingdom, and he entered into alliance with Muhammed IV, Sultan of Granada. This formidable coalition compelled Alphonso XI to sue for terms, which he accepted in 1328 without any serious intention of complying with them; but he was compelled to release Doña Constanza. War speedily broke out anew, and lasted till 1331 when Alphonso invited Juan Manuel and Juan Nuñez to a banquet at Villahumbrales with the intention, it was believed, of assassinating them; the plot failed, and Don Juan Manuel joined forces with Peter IV of Aragon. He was besieged by Alphonso at Garci-Nuñez, whence he escaped on 30 July 1336, fled into exile, and kept the rebellion alive till 1338.

paragraph: Finally, the Pope brought about reconciliation between Juan Manuel and Alfonso XI. This reconciliation was not complete until 1340, when Juan Manuel and Alfonso allied against the Muslims in the Battle of Río Salado, taking the city of Algeciras. After these events, Juan Manuel left political life and retired to Murcia, where he spent his last years focused on literature. Proud of his works, he decided to compile them all in a single volume. This compilation was destroyed in a fire, with no known copy preserved.

paragraph: Juan Manuel died at Peñafiel in 1348, the age of sixty-six.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Throughout his life, he wrote approximately thirteen books, of which only eight are preserved today. These works are predominantly didactic. Following the path of his uncle, Alfonso X of Castile, Juan Manuel wrote in Castilian, a peculiarity in times when Latin was the official language for educated writing. He wrote in the vernacular to facilitate access to literature for a greater number of Castilian readers.

paragraph: While his writings were directed largely to a literate class, it was nonetheless his assumption that they would be read aloud, as was common during the Middle Ages. He is ever conscious of propriety, and speaks carefully, both because of his elevated rank, and in case women or children should hear what he has written. His works reflect his character, ambitions, and beliefs, so that in many ways they are a mirror of his time and circumstances.

paragraph: Juan Manuel's work is marked by a great preoccupation both with the practical and the spiritual life, and is directed not only to the nobility, but also to lower estates, since much of his work speaks not only of the duties of lords, but of their vassals as well. While his work is often classified under the general Medieval rubric of "the education of princes" it also begins to approach the Machiavellianism which is more characteristic of the Renaissance, by virtue of its dedication to the astute art of governing.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Chronological summary.

paragraph: Of Juan Manuel's surviving writings:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crónica abreviada" was compiled between 1319 and 1325.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Libro de la caza" was written between 1320 and 1329; and during this period of nine years the "Crónica de España", the "Crónica complida", and the "Tratado sobre las armas" were produced.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Libro del Caballero et del escudero" was finished before the end of 1326. It is striking for its curious and varied erudition of the turbulent prince who weaves his personal experiences with historical or legendary incidents, with reminiscences of Aesop and Phaedrus, with the "Disciplina clericalis", with "Kalilah and Dimnah", with various Oriental traditions, and with the material of anecdotic literature which he embodies in the "Libro de patronio", best known by the title of "El Conde Lucanor".

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Cento novelle antiche" are anonymous tales, derived from popular stories diffused throughout the world, and simple, unadorned variants of folk-lore items.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The first book of the "Libro de los estados" was finished on 22 May 1330, while the second was begun five days later.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The first book of "El Conde Lucanor" was written in 1328, the second in 1330, and the fourth is dated 12 June 1335.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The devout "Tractado on the Virgin", dedicated to the prior of the monastery at Peñafiel, to which Don Juan Manuel bequeathed his manuscripts, is of uncertain date, but it seems probable that the "Libro de los frailes predicadores" is slightly later than the "Libro de los estados"; that the "Libro de los castigos" (left unfinished, and therefore known by the alternative title of "Libro infinido") was written not later than 1333, and that the treatise "De las maneras de amor" was composed between 1334 and 1337.

paragraph: Among his lost works, the "Libro de los sabios", a treatise called "Engeños de Guerra" and the "Libro de cantares", a collection of verses, were composed between 1320 and 1327; but they have disappeared together with the "Libro de la caballeria" (written during the winter of 1326), and the "Reglas como se debe trovar", a metrical treatise assigned to 1328–1334.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:El Conde Lucanor.

paragraph: "El Conde Lucanor" (the name Lucanor being taken from the prose Tristan), also entitled the "Libro de enxemplos", was first printed by Gonzalo Argote de Molina at Seville in 1575, and it revealed Don Juan Manuel as a master in the art of prose composition, and as the predecessor of Boccaccio in the province of romantic narrative. The structure of stories reflects the ordinances and hierarchical structuring of the medieval world. In the first parts a young nobleman, Lucanor, proposes an abstract problem to Patronio; later, he gives an apologue which extracts the solution from Patronio's tale, applying it to himself. Juan Manuel concludes the story with a short verse, condensing the moral of the story into short, concrete statements.

paragraph: It is essentially the production of a conscious artist, deliberative and selective in his methods. Don Juan Manuel naturalizes the Eastern apologue in Spain, and by the laconic picturesqueness of his expression imports a new quality into Spanish prose which attains its full development in the hands of Juan de Valdés and Cervantes. Some of his themes are utilized for dramatic purposes by Lope de Vega in "La Pobreza estimada", by Juan Ruiz de Alarcón in "La Prueba de las promesas", by Calderón in "La Vida es sueño", and by José de Cañizares in "Don Juan de Espina en Milán"; there is an evident, though remote, relation between the tale of the "mancebo que casó con una mujer muy fuerte y muy brava" and "The Taming of the Shrew"; and a more direct connexion exists between some of Don Juan Manuel's "enxemplos" and some of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of James II of Majorca. She died around 1301 and they had no children.

paragraph: With Constance of Aragon, daughter of James II of Aragon:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constanza Manuel of Villena (1345), wife of prince Peter of Portugal.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice Manuel of Villena, died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manuel of Villena, died young.

paragraph: With Blanca de La Cerda y Lara:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fernando Manuel of Villena (died ), Lord of Escalona, Peñafiel and Villena, who married 1346 Joan, a daughter of Ramón Berenguer, Count of Ampurias, himself a younger son of James II of Aragon. The couple had a daughter, Blanca Manuel (1361), heiress of Villena, Escalona and Peñafiel until 1361.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juana Manuel of Villena (1339–1381), who married 1350 Henry II of Castile (1333–79) and became Queen of Castile.

paragraph: Illegitimate with Inés de Castañeda:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sancho Manuel of Villena (1320–1347),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enrique Manuel of Villena (1340–1390), count of Seia and lord of Sintra

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spanish literature

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayerbe-Chaux, Reinaldo. "Count Lucanor: Traditional matter and originality creadorá". Madrid: J. Porrúa Turanzas, 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biglieri, Aníbal A. "Towards a poetic one of the didactic story: Eight studies on count Lucanor". Chapel Hill: UNC Dept. of Romance Languages, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flory, David. "The Count Lucanor: Don Juan Manuel within his historical context". Madrid: Pliegos, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giménez Soler, Andrés. "Don Juan Manuel. Biography and critical study". Zaragoza: F. Martinez, 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hammer, Michael Floyd. "Framing the Reader: Exemplarity and Ethics in the Manuscripts of the 'Count Lucanor'." Ph.D. University of California at Los Angeles, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lida de Malkiel, Maria Rosa. "Three notes on Don Juan Manuel." "Romance Philology" 4,2-3 (1950): 155-94.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wacks, David A. "Don Yllán and the Egyptian Sorcerer: Vernacular commonality and literary diversity in medieval Castile." " Sefarad" 65,2 (2005): 413-33.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacPherson, Ian. ed. "Juan Manuel: A Selection". London: Tamesis Texts Limited, 1980.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Infante Don Juan Manuel (Biografía)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text of De lo que aconteció in Spanish

alias:
Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena
Juan Manuel of Castile
Juan Manuel

description: Spanish prince and writer

wikidata_label: Don Juan Manuel

wikipedia_title: Don Juan Manuel


text:
professional baseball
pitcher
Boston Red Sox
Major League Baseball
Bowie High School
Bowie, Texas
shortstop
pitcher
win–loss record
earned run average
strikeout
batted
Philadelphia Phillies
2007 MLB draft
University of Texas at Austin
college baseball
Texas Longhorns
Big 12 Conference
Wareham Gatemen
Cape Cod Baseball League
2010 MLB draft
signing bonus
Class A
Greenville Drive
Salem Red Sox
Class A-Advanced
Carolina League
walks plus hits per inning pitched
Portland Sea Dogs
Class AA
Eastern League
Pawtucket Red Sox
Class AAA
International League
Andrew Miller
Seattle Mariners
2013 Red Sox season
2013 World Series
Koji Uehara
at bat
Fenway Park
Evan Longoria
Tampa Bay Rays
David Price
2014 Red Sox
disabled list
platelet-rich plasma
Tommy John surgery
farm team
earned run
2017 Red Sox
2018 Boston Red Sox season
Drew Pomeranz
Nathan Eovaldi
Chris Sale
ALDS
ALCS
Drew Pomeranz
World Series
Los Angeles Dodgers
Opening Day
Wichita Falls, Texas
Texas Rangers

categories: Greenville Drive players,Boston Red Sox players,Gulf Coast Red Sox players,1988 births,Salem Red Sox players,People from Bowie, Texas,Baseball players from Texas,Wareham Gatemen players,Portland Sea Dogs players,Texas Longhorns baseball players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Pawtucket Red Sox players

paragraph: Brandon Workman

paragraph: Brandon Carlin Workman (born August 13, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher with the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2013. He both throws and bats right-handed, and is listed at and .

paragraph: Section::::Amateur career.

paragraph: Workman attended Bowie High School in Bowie, Texas. He was a four-year letter winner, playing shortstop and pitcher. As a senior and captain of the team, Workman had a 10–2 win–loss record with a 0.81 earned run average (ERA) and 171 strikeouts in 76 innings. As a hitter, he batted .481, and earned first-team All-State honors twice, first-team Louisville Slugger High School All-American recognition, and Rawlings All-Region honors. Workman was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the third round of the 2007 MLB draft, but opted to attend college.

paragraph: Workman attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he played college baseball for the Texas Longhorns. During his freshman season, Workman went 5–2 and was named to the honor roll. During his sophomore season, Workman went 3–5 and held a 4.72 ERA in Big 12 Conference play. Workman would then have an excellent junior season, before entering the MLB draft. Workman also played for the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League, and was a Cape Cod Baseball League All-Star, posting a 3.44 ERA as a freshman.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: The Red Sox drafted Workman in the second round (57th overall pick) of the 2010 MLB draft, and signed him for a signing bonus of $800,000. He spent the 2011 season with the Class A Greenville Drive, appearing in 26 games (all starts) with a 6–7 record and 3.71 ERA.

paragraph: In 2012, Workman was named the Red Sox's 2012 Minor League Pitcher of the Year, after pitching 20 games (all starts) for the Salem Red Sox and leading the Class A-Advanced Carolina League in fewest baserunners per nine innings, while ranking second in walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP) and fourth in ERA. He was promoted to the Portland Sea Dogs of the Class AA Eastern League where he appeared in five games (all starts) and had a 3–1 record and 3.96 ERA.

paragraph: Workman started the 2013 season with Portland, appearing in 11 games (10 starts) with a 5–1 record and 3.43 ERA. He was promoted to the Pawtucket Red Sox of the Class AAA International League, where he would appear in six games (all starts) with a 3–1 record and 2.80 ERA.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Boston Red Sox.:2013.

paragraph: Workman was promoted to Boston in July 2013, after a season-ending foot injury to Andrew Miller. In his major league debut against the Seattle Mariners on July 10, Workman pitched two innings in relief, gave up three runs, and struck out four. Through the remainder of the 2013 Red Sox season, Workman posted a 6–3 record with 4.97 ERA over 20 regular season appearances (3 starts), and did not allow an earned run during seven postseason appearances. He pitched a perfect 8th inning in the decisive Game 6 of the 2013 World Series, setting up Boston closer Koji Uehara. Workman also recorded his first professional at bat in Game 3 of the World Series, striking out on three consecutive pitches.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Boston Red Sox.:2014.

paragraph: On May 30, 2014, Workman was ejected from a game at Fenway Park after throwing a high pitch behind Evan Longoria of the Tampa Bay Rays. The incident occurred after Rays pitcher David Price had thrown at two Red Sox batters. On June 3, Workman was fined and suspended for six games. After losing an appeal, he began serving his suspension on June 18. Overall, for the 2014 Red Sox, Workman appeared in 19 games (15 starts) and had a 1–10 record with 5.17 ERA. He also appeared in 11 games (all starts) with Triple-A Pawtucket, compiling a 7–1 record with 4.11 ERA.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Boston Red Sox.:Tommy John surgery.

paragraph: In April 2015, Workman was placed on the disabled list with elbow soreness. He underwent a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection and was ordered not to throw for several weeks. When that was unsuccessful, he underwent Tommy John surgery in June 2015. As a result, he missed the entire 2015 season, and during the 2016 season made just ten appearances with Boston farm teams, pitching a total of 20 innings and giving up 17 earned runs (7.65 ERA).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Boston Red Sox.:2017.

paragraph: In December 2016, Workman signed a one-year contract worth $635,000 with the Red Sox. He was optioned to Triple-A Pawtucket to start the 2017 season; he would make 18 relief appearances with the PawSox, with a 1.55 ERA and 1.000 WHIP. Workman was called up by the Red Sox on May 2, and made his first MLB appearance since 2014 on May 4, pitching three scoreless innings. With the 2017 Red Sox, Workman posted a 3.18 ERA and 1.21 WHIP over innings of relief work.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Boston Red Sox.:2018.

paragraph: In January 2018, Workman and the Red Sox avoided arbitration by agreeing to a one-year, $835,000 deal for the 2018 season. Having worn uniform number 67 with the Red Sox since his MLB debut, Workman changed to uniform number 44 for 2018. Workman was optioned to Triple-A Pawtucket prior to the start of the 2018 Boston Red Sox season, following limited success during spring training (9 appearances, 5.59 ERA, 1.76 WHIP). On June 5, Workman was called up to Boston after Drew Pomeranz was placed on the disabled list. Workman made 21 relief appearances during June and July, pitching innings with a 2.89 ERA. He was returned to Triple-A on July 26, when the Red Sox added Nathan Eovaldi to the active roster. Workman was recalled to Boston from July 31 until August 12, when Chris Sale was on the disabled list, making five relief appearances and allowing one run in innings (1.59 ERA). Workman was again called up on August 18, when Sale went back on the disabled list. For the season, Workman made 43 relief appearances with Boston, compiling a 6–1 record with 3.27 ERA and 37 strikeouts in innings. Workman was on Boston's postseason Roster for the ALDS and ALCS, making three relief appearances and allowing a combined five runs in one inning pitched. He was replaced on the roster by Drew Pomeranz for the World Series, which the Red Sox went on to win over the Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Boston Red Sox.:2019.

paragraph: Workman was included on Boston's Opening Day roster to start the 2019 season.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Workman and Taylor Caswell were engaged in March 2015, and married in November 2015 in Wichita Falls, Texas.

paragraph: Workman grew up a Texas Rangers fan.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Brandon Workman

wikipedia_title: Brandon Workman


text:
Riyadh Province
House of Saud
Riyadh
King Abdulaziz
Prince Saad
Prince Bandar
the United Kingdom
Royal Air Force College Cranwell
Saudi air force
Dhahran air base
Al Qassim Province
Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz
Turki bin Abdullah
the Allegiance Council
King Saud

categories: Graduates of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell,Royal Saudi Air Force personnel,Grandsons of Ibn Saud,1944 births,Living people

paragraph: Muhammad bin Saad Al Saud

paragraph: Muhammad bin Saad (born 1944) is former deputy governor of Riyadh Province and a member of House of Saud

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Muhammad bin Saad was born in Riyadh in 1944. His father is the seventh son of King Abdulaziz, Prince Saad. Prince Saad was not given a significant political position due to his weak and negligible character like his half-brother Prince Bandar.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: After completing his secondary education in Riyadh, Prince Muhammad went to the United Kingdom to join the Royal Air Force College Cranwell in 1962 and was trained on the aircraft, graduating with a bachelor's degree in military science and aviation. He further joined an advanced flight course, a combat aviation course and then, a fighter interceptor course in the United Kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Career and other positions.

paragraph: Muhammad bin Saad has both military experience and governmental experience. He began his career as a military officer and he served in different branches of Saudi air force. He was firstly appointed at the sixth squadron at Khamis Musheet base for lighting aircraft. He, then, served at the Dhahran air base. His military career lasted until 1975.

paragraph: From 1984 to 1992, Muhammad bin Saad served as the deputy governor of Al Qassim Province. Then, he was appointed advisor to late Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz, then interior minister, in 1992. When late Prince Nayef was appointed second deputy prime minister in 2009, Prince Muhammed was also appointed as his advisor. His tenure lasted until 2011 when he was made deputy governor of the Riyadh Province at the rank of minister. He was relieved of his duty on his request on 14 February 2013, and replaced by Turki bin Abdullah as deputy governor.

paragraph: Prince Muhammad is also a member of the Allegiance Council.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: His spouse is Princess Seeta, a daughter of late King Saud.

description: Saudi politician and prince

wikidata_label: Muhammad bin Saad

wikipedia_title: Muhammad bin Saad Al Saud


text: Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame

text: builder

text: IIHF Hall of Fame

text: Krylya Sovetov Moscow

text: Soviet Championship League

text: Soviet Cup

text: Klagenfurter AC

text: Austrian Hockey League

text: Soviet national team

text: Russian national junior team

categories: 1941 births,Russian ice hockey coaches,Soviet ice hockey players,Krylya Sovetov Moscow players,1997 deaths,EC KAC players,Russian ice hockey players,Soviet ice hockey coaches,Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR,Merited Coaches of the Soviet Union,Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia),Burials at Vagankovo Cemetery

paragraph: Igor Dmitriev (ice hockey)

paragraph: Igor Yefimovich Dmitriev (; 19 October 1941 – 21 December, 1997) was a Russian ice hockey player and coach. He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1974 as a player, and in 1988 as a builder. He was posthumously inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame as a builder in 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Playing career.

paragraph: In 1955, he began his career with Krylya Sovetov Moscow junior team. In 1958, he joined the senior team. He won both the Soviet Championship League and Soviet Cup with his team in 1974. He scored 125 goals in 430 games Krylya Sovetov Moscow, whom he captained. In 1974, he played one season with Klagenfurter AC in the Austrian Hockey League, before retiring.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Coaching career.

paragraph: He began his coaching career in 1978 as an assistant coach for Krylya Sovetov Moscow. He became the head coach in 1983, a position he held until 1996. He was a coach for the Soviet national team from 1987-1992. He also coached the Russian national junior team in 1996-97. He won the gold medal with the Soviet national team at the 1988 Winter Olympics, and at the World Ice Hockey Championships in 1989, and 1990. He won a bronze medal at the 1996 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

description: Russian ice hockey player and coach

wikidata_label: Igor Dmitriev

wikipedia_title: Igor Dmitriev (ice hockey)


text:
Lübeck
Battle of Helsingborg
Hanseatic League
Waldemar IV of Denmark
Øresund
Emil Ferdinand Fehling
Philippe Dollinger

categories: 1363 deaths,14th-century executions,People executed by Germany by decapitation,Executed German people,14th-century German people,1321 births,Mayors of Lübeck,Executed people from Schleswig-Holstein,Executed politicians,Admirals of Germany

paragraph: Johann Wittenborg

paragraph: Johann Wittenborg (1321–1363) was a merchant and mayor of the free port of Lübeck in what is now north Germany. He was admiral of the Hanseatic fleet at the Battle of Helsingborg and was tried and beheaded after losing this battle.

paragraph: As Mayor of Lübeck and the free port's representative in the Hanseatic League, Wittenborg was made supreme commander over the Hanseatic fleet in the war with King Waldemar IV of Denmark in 1362. The fleet met the Danish fleet off Helsinborg in the Øresund strait and lost 12 ships in the ensuing action, at least partly because Wittenborg had put too many of his sailors ashore to fight the Danes on land. On his return to Lübeck Wittenborg was relieved of his duties and imprisoned.

paragraph: Brought before the Hanseatic Council in January 1363, he was condemned to death for the Øresund defeat and "other reasons". He was beheaded in Lübeck market place in August or September 1363 and buried with the Dominicans of the Lübeck Castle Monastery.

paragraph: He had married Elizabeth, daughter of the Lübeck Governor Arnold von Bardewik, and had six or seven children.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emil Ferdinand Fehling: "Lübeckische Ratslinie", 1925 Nr. 366

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippe Dollinger: "Die Hanse", S. 223 ff,

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Bruns (Hrsg.): "Lübecker Lebensläufe", 1993,

description: German admiral

wikidata_label: Johann Wittenborg

wikipedia_title: Johann Wittenborg


text:
Indian Rebellion of 1857
Rani Lakshmibai
Jhansi
Siege of Jhansi
Bundelkhand
East India Company
Bundeli
Rebellion of 1857
General Hugh Rose
Peshwa
Nana Sahib's
Kalpi
Tantia Tope
Bundelkhand
Dalit
Archaeological Survey of India
B. L. Varma
Koli
Ram Chandra Heran
Bundeli
Bhawani Shankar Visharad
Ramnath Kovind
Kangana Ranaut
Ankita Lokhande
Fate/Gran Order
Tanaji Malusare
Rooplo Kolhi
Uda Devi

categories: Indian women in war,Bundelkhand,Dalit history,People from Jhansi,19th-century Indian women politicians,Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857,19th-century Indian politicians,1830 births,People of British India,History of Uttar Pradesh,Women in 19th-century warfare,Military personnel from Uttar Pradesh,1890 deaths

paragraph: Jhalkaribai

paragraph: Jhalkaribai (22 November 1830 – 1858) was a woman soldier who played an important role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She served in the women's army of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi. She eventually rose to a position of a prominent advisor to the queen, Rani of Jhansi herself. At the height of the Siege of Jhansi, she disguised herself as the Queen and fought on her behalf, on the front, allowing the Queen to escape safely out of the fort.

paragraph: The legend of Jhalkaribai remains in the popular memory of the people of Bundelkhand over centuries. Her life, especially her heroism fighting the East India Company army to protect the Queen, continues to be praised in various Bundeli folklores.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Jhalakaribai was born to Moolchand and Dhaniyabai on 22 November 1830 in Bhojla village near Jhansi. As a rural girl, her tasks mostly included chores around the household. However, at a very early age, she is said to have exhibited exceptional strength of will. Local folklore tells of several legendary acts of bravery. People were reportedly amazed when they learned that when a tiger from the jungle tried to attack young Jhalkari, she stood her ground and killed the tiger with only an axe. She reportedly once killed a leopard in the forest with a stick she used to herd cattle.

paragraph: After the death of her mother when she was very young, her father raised her. Consistent with the social conditions of the era, she lacked formal education, but was trained in horseback riding and the use of weaponry.

paragraph: She married Puran kori, a soldier from the artillery unit of Rani Laxmibai's army, who introduced her to the Rani. Jhalkaribai bore an uncanny resemblance to Laxmibai and because of this she was inducted into the women's wing of the army.

paragraph: Section::::Courage in battles.

paragraph: In the queen's army, she quickly rose in the ranks and began commanding her own army. During the Rebellion of 1857, General Hugh Rose attacked Jhansi with a large army. The Queen valiantly faced the army with 4000 of her troops in her fort. She waited for relief from Peshwa Nana Sahib's army camping at Kalpi that did not come because Tantia Tope had already been defeated by General Rose. Meanwhile, Dulha Ju, in charge of one of the gates of the fort, had made a pact with English and opened the doors of Jhansi for the British forces. When the British rushed the fort, Laxmibai, on advice of her courtier, escaped through another gate amidst the chaos of heavy fighting and casualties. Upon hearing of Laxmibai's escape, as Laxmibai told Jhalkaribai set out for General Rose's camp in disguise and declared herself to be the Queen. This led to a confusion that continued for a whole day and gave the Rani's army renewed advantage.

paragraph: While this act of sacrifice and courage is what she is most well known for another little acknowledged fact remains that she was a close confidante and advisor to the queen playing a key role she played in the analysis and strategizing of the battle itself, alongside Laxmibai.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The image of Jhalakaribai has gained prominence in North India in the recent years. The sociopolitical importance of the story of Jhalkaribai has been recognized .The death anniversary of Jhalkaribai is also celebrated as "Shahid Diwas" (Martyr Day) by various Koli organizations.

paragraph: The movement to establish Bundelkhand as a separate state has also used the legend of Jhalkaribai to create the Bundeli identity. The Government of India's Post and Telegraph department has issued a postal stamp depicting Jhalkaribai.

paragraph: The Dalit castes of North India have used her legend to glorify their communities; for example, the Koris consider her a brave woman warrior born in their caste, and celebrate "Jhalkaribai Jayanti" (birth anniversary) to create a sense of pride among themselves.

paragraph: The Archaeological Survey of India is setting up a museum at Panch Mahal, a five-story building located inside the Jhansi Fort in remembrance of Jhalkaribai.

paragraph: She is referred to in the novel "Jhansi ki Rani" written in 1951 by B. L. Varma, who created a subplot in his novel about Jhalkaribai. He addressed Jhalkaribai as Koli and an extraordinary soldier in Laxmibai's army. Ram Chandra Heran's Bundeli novel "Maati," published in the same year, depicted her as "chivalrous and a valiant martyr". The first biography of Jhalkaribai was written in 1964 by Bhawani Shankar Visharad, with the help of Varma's novel and his research from the oral narratives of Koli communities living in the vicinity of Jhansi.

paragraph: Writers narrating the story of Jhalkaribai. Efforts have been made to place Jhalkaribai at an equal footing of Laxmibai. Since the 1990s, the story of Jhalkaribai has begun to model a fierce form of koli womanhood, has acquired a political dimension, and her image is being reconstructed with the demands of social situation.

paragraph: President Ramnath Kovind unveiled the statue of Jhalkari Bai at Guru Tegh Bahadur Complex in Bhopal on 10 November 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Depiction in film.

paragraph: "" (2019), a Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai and Ankita Lokhande as Jhalkaribai has been made.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Depiction in other media.

paragraph: She appears in the mobile game Fate/Gran Order (2015) as a Saber class servant, being able to be summoned by the player to aid in his fight during the fourth "Lostbelt" chapter.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tanaji Malusare

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rooplo Kolhi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uda Devi

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bhojla ki beti" Bundeli mahakavya (Dalchand Anuragi, Rajendra Nagar, ORAI) (2010)

description: Koli warrior

wikidata_label: Jhalkaribai

wikipedia_title: Jhalkaribai