text:
duke of Pomerania
Ratibor I
Wartislaw I
Bogislaw I
Battle of Verchen
Obodrite
Saxony
Henry the Lion
Danish
Wolgast
Rani
Rügen
Circipania
Lusatia
Jüterbog
Brandenburg margrave
Otto I
Casimir II
Bogislaw II
Broda
Belbuck
Dargun
bishopric of Wollin
Kamień Pomorski
List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes
History of Pomerania
Duchy of Pomerania
House of Pomerania

paragraph: Casimir I, Duke of Pomerania

paragraph: Casimir I (or Kasimir I) (* after 1130 – † fall of 1180) was duke of Pomerania since his uncle Ratibor I's death in 1155/56. A son of Wartislaw I, he co-ruled Pomerania with his older brother Bogislaw I, receiving Pomerania-Demmin as his share just as Bogislaw received Pomerania-Stettin, and ruling the remainder in common.

paragraph: After the lost 1164 Battle of Verchen, where Casimir and Bogislaw aided an Obodrite rebellion against the duke of Saxony, Henry the Lion, Casimir and Bogislaw joined Saxony receiving their respective part duchies as a fief from Henry the Lion. Casimir also received one third of the Danish "terra" Wolgast. When Saxony allied with the Danes to subdue the Rani kingdom of Rügen in 1168, Casimir as well as Bogislaw aided Henry. Casimir also managed to take control in Circipania, thereby expanding Pomerania to the West.

paragraph: Casimir participated in other campaigns launched by Henry the Lion, as an 1178/79/80 expedition into Lusatia and Jüterbog. However, Casimir died in 1180 in a battle with Brandenburg margrave Otto I, having no children yet with his wife Pritolawa; Pomerania-Demmin was to be governed by his brother Bogislaw and later by Bogislaw's second son Casimir II, his first son Bogislaw II receiving Pomerania-Stettin, so Pomerania would further be governed in a manner resembling the reign of Casimir I and Bogislaw I.

paragraph: Casimir founded monasteries in Broda (1170) and Belbuck (1177). He participated in founding the monastery Dargun (1172/74) and in 1176/80 granted privileges to the bishopric of Wollin that moved its seat to Cammin (now Kamień Pomorski) because of Danish expeditions.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Pomerania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duchy of Pomerania

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Pomerania

description: Duke of Pomerania

wikidata_label: Casimir I, Duke of Pomerania

wikipedia_title: Casimir I, Duke of Pomerania


text:
Roermond
Gelderland
Franciscan
Cologne
Margaret Theresa of Spain
Vienna
Molanus
Callistus
Leibniz
Hanover
Brandenburg
Pope Innocent XI
Helmstedt
Gerhard Wolter Molanus
Bossuet
Council of Trent
communion
Tridentine

wikipedia_title:
Roermond
Gelderland
Franciscans
Cologne
Margaret Theresa of Spain
Vienna
Gerhard Wolter Molanus
Georg Calixtus
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Hanover
Brandenburg
Pope Innocent XI
Helmstedt
Gerhard Wolter Molanus
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
Council of Trent
Eucharist
Council of Trent

categories: Spanish diplomats,Spanish Roman Catholic bishops,1695 deaths,17th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Spanish Franciscans,1626 births

paragraph: Cristoval Royas de Spinola

paragraph: Cristoval Royas de Spinola (or Christopher Rojas; born of a noble Spanish family, near Roermond in Gelderland in 1626; died at Wiener-Neustadt, 12 March 1695) was a Spanish Franciscan diplomat and Bishop of Wiener-Neustadt.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Educated at Cologne, he entered the Franciscan Order there and for some time taught philosophy and theology. Going to Spain, he was made provincial of his order, and in 1661 accompanied Margaret Theresa of Spain, the first wife of Emperor Leopold I, to Vienna, where he became one of the emperor's influential diplomats.

paragraph: He was appointed titular Bishop of Knin, in Dalmatia, in 1668 and Bishop of Wiener-Neustadt on 19 January 1686. In his endeavours to bring about a reunion between Protestants and the Catholic Church he had the support of Leopold I. His negotiations with well-known Protestant theologians, such as Molanus, Callistus, Leibniz, etc., and various Protestant courts, especially Hanover and Brandenburg, were encouraged by Pope Innocent XI, and in 1683 led to a conference of Protestant theologians in Hanover to whom Spinola submitted his plan of reunion, "Regulae circa Christianorum, omnium ecclesiasticum reunionem". The plan was apparently approved by the Protestant theologians, but French influence and Spinola's concessions induced Innocent XI to take no action. The Helmstedt theologians, represented by Gerhard Wolter Molanus (1633-1722), at the same time put forward their "Methodus reducendae unionis". The discussions were approved by the pope and the emperor, but had no popular feeling behind them, and though the negotiations were continued for ten years, especially between Molanus on the one side and Bossuet on the other, no agreement was reached, for the Protestants could not accept the Council of Trent as authoritative or surrender the matter of communion under both species.

paragraph: On 20 March 1691, the emperor appointed Spinola commissary-general of the movement for ecclesiastical reunion in Austria-Hungary. The concessions which he now made to the Protestants of Austria-Hungary, such as Communion under both species, freedom for priests to marry, Mass in the German language, and suspension of the Tridentine decrees until a new council was held, were rejected by Rome.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Landwehr, "Spinolas Unionsbestrebungen" in Brandenburg in Märkische Forschungen, XX (Berlin, 1887);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kiesl, "Der Friedensplan des Leibniz zur Wiedervereinigung der getrennten christlichen Kirchen" (Paderborn, 1904);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knöpfler, in "Allg. Deutsche Biog.", XXXV, 202-4.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catholic Encyclopedia" article

description: Spanish bishop and diplomat

wikidata_label: Cristoval Royas de Spinola

wikipedia_title: Cristoval Royas de Spinola


text:
fl.
Franco-Flemish School
music theorist
Holy Cross Church
Liège
Leuven
Kapellmeister
Sint-Truiden
music theorist
Jacob Bathen
Maastricht
Petrus Phalesius the Elder
Leuven
Antwerp
Dutch
Jacob Bathen
Joannes Zacheus

wikipedia_title:
Floruit
Franco-Flemish School
Music theory
Holy Cross Church, Liège
Liège
Leuven
Kapellmeister
Sint-Truiden
Music theory
Jacob Bathen
Maastricht
Petrus Phalesius the Elder
Leuven
Antwerp
Dutch language
Jacob Bathen
Joannes Zacheus

categories: 16th-century Franco-Flemish composers,Flemish composers,Year of death unknown,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Jan Belle

paragraph: Jan Belle (fl. 1545 - 1566) was a Flemish composer from the Franco-Flemish School and a music theorist.

paragraph: Section::::Live.

paragraph: Between 1546 and 1547, Belle was a "magister duodenorum" (master of the choirboys) at the Holy Cross Church in Liège. He was referred to as 'de Lovanium' which indicates that he was originally from Leuven. He may also have been a "Kapellmeister" (succentor) at the Church of Our Lady in Sint-Truiden.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Jan Belle was a composer as well as a music theorist.

paragraph: In 1552, the publisher and editor Jacob Bathen, who lived in Maastricht, published Belle’s probable first work relating to music. This was the "Musices encomion", a book on music theory. No copies of the book have been preserved.

paragraph: In 1572, Petrus Phalesius the Elder in Leuven and Johannes Bellerus in Antwerp jointly published under the title "Een Duytsch musyck boeck" an anthology of Dutch songs by various composers. The book contains six songs for four voices composed by Belle. These songs are:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Fluer van alle vrouwen soet (Flower of all sweet women)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Ick en can mij niet bedwinghen (I cannot control myself) (In a 1554 edition by Jacob Bathen, this song is credited to Joannes Zacheus)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Int groen, int groen, met u alderliefste (In the green, in the green, with you, my sweetest)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Laet ons nu al verblijden in desen soeten tijt (Let us already rejoice in this sweet time)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. O amoureusich mondeken root (Oh enamored red mouth)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. O doloreux herte met druck beladich (Oh aching heart weighed down with pressure)

description: Flemish composer and music theorist

wikidata_label: Jan Belle

wikipedia_title: Jan Belle


text:
Mechelen
Leeuwarden
kapellmeister
villanelle
West Frisian language
Hans Vredeman de Vries
Paul
Salomon
Southern Netherlands
Alexander Farnese
Franeker
Calvinistic
Antwerp
Friesland
West Frisian language
Camerata Trajectina

wikipedia_title:
Mechelen
Leeuwarden
Kapellmeister
Villanelle
West Frisian language
Hans Vredeman de Vries
Paul Vredeman de Vries
Salomon Vredeman de Vries
Southern Netherlands
Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma
Franeker
Calvinism
Antwerp
Friesland
West Frisian language
Camerata Trajectina

categories: Dutch composers,1621 deaths,People from Mechelen,Flemish composers,17th-century classical composers,1580s births

paragraph: Jacob Vredeman de Vries

paragraph: Jacob Vredeman de Vries (or Jacques) (Mechelen, circa 1588 - Leeuwarden, September 1621) was a kapellmeister and composer of music in Leeuwarden. Jacques Vredeman published 12 villanelles in the West Frisian language.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was a son of Hans Vredeman de Vries, originally from Leeuwarden, and a brother of Paul, and Salomon. Vredeman received his musical education in Mechelen but moved to the north around 1588, after many cities in the Southern Netherlands were occupied by Alexander Farnese.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Only two publications by his hand survived:

paragraph: The book ""Musica miscella o mescolanze di madrigali, canzoni, e villanelli in lingua Frisica a quatro & cinque voci"" was published in Franeker by Gilli van den Rade, who was one of the major Calvinistic publishers of Antwerp; he also worked as a legal printer in Friesland. The Frisian villanelles deal with the farmer’s life in a mildly comical way. Back when they were composed, the West Frisian language wasn’t considered as a language suitable for serious songs yet. Only with Gysbert Japix did this appreciation come into existence, and was the language seen as suitable for subjects such as serious love poetry, political chants, and psalms.

paragraph: Vredemans’ ""Isagoge musicae, dat is corte, perfecte instructie van de principale musycke"" was published in 1618.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Willem Bonda, "De meerstemmige Nederlandse liederen van de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw". Hilversum, Verloren, 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes in the booklet of the CD "Gysbert Japix, Lieten/Liederen", by Camerata Trajectina, conducted by Louis Peter Grijp, Globe, 2003

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Vredeman de Vries at ChoralWiki

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Vredeman de Vries at IMSLP

alias:
Jacob Vredeman de Vries
Jaques Vredeman

description: Dutch composer

wikidata_label: Jacob Vredeman

wikipedia_title: Jacob Vredeman de Vries


text: postmodern

text: surrealism

text: printmaking

text: carpentry

text: East Village

text: Broadway

text: Richard Milazzo

text: Edgewise Press

text: Hakone Open-Air Museum

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

paragraph: Saint Clair Cemin

paragraph: Saint Clair Cemin (born Cruz Alta, Brazil in 1951) is a postmodern sculptor.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Saint Clair Cemin lives and works in New York City and Beijing. His work encompasses multiple styles, approaches, and materials, from neo-surrealism to furniture to toys in popular culture to the history of sculpture.

paragraph: Cemin became interested in sculpting as a teenager. Once interested in philosophy and physics, he began to focus his attention on art, drawing and working on illustrations for magazines.

paragraph: Cemin earned his degree at École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France, from 1975-1978 where he learned printmaking for three years. He moved to New York City shortly after, where he experimented in several fields as a way of earning an income. From 1981 to 1983, Cemin worked in carpentry renovating lofts in New York, cabinet making, and finally sculpture. The artist's first exhibited sculpture was "The Granny Ashtray", which has been described as an anti-modernist piece. Throughout the 1980s, Cemin became an integral part of NY's East Village art scene. Some of his works from this era are on permanent exhibition at important institutions such as the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles. After those formative years in NYC Cemin moved to Egypt and then Paris to pursue sculpture in different environments and with different mediums. After 2010 he returned to NY and continues to create sculptural works in his Brooklyn studio.

paragraph: In 2012 Saint Clair Cemin had a public exhibition of works along Broadway in Manhattan. Of the several works exhibited on Broadway one "vortex" at the corner of 57th street and Broadway, stood some 40 feet tall.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: In 2005, Richard Milazzo's book on Saint Clair Cemin titled "Saint Clair Cemin: Sculptor from Cruz Alta" was published by Sikkema Jenkins & Co. A book of Saint Clair Cemin's art writings have been published by Edgewise Press titled "Fragments of a Mind: Stories and Comments on Art 1987-2004".

paragraph: Section::::Public monuments.

paragraph: In 1990 Saint Clair Cemins' first public sculpture was installed in the town of Reston, Virginia. Since then he has had large public monuments installed throughout the world, including "Open" in Schaumberg, Illinois, "Tree" in Bergen, Norway, "Spring" in Båstads Kommun, Sweden. The monument, "Supercuia", pictured aside, is in Porto Alegre, Brazil and was completed in 2003. He received the Biennial Award from the Ueno Royal Museum and the Hakone Open-Air Museum in Japan in 1995.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: Saint Clair Cemin's work is included in the collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art, Fonds National d’Art Contemporain, Paris, France; Emily Fisher Landau Collection, Long Island City, NY; Rooseum, Stockholm, Sweden; Eli Broad Family Foundation, Los Angeles, CA; Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; and Inhotim, Minas Gerais, Brazil, among many others.

description: sculptor

wikidata_label: Saint Clair Cemin

wikipedia_title: Saint Clair Cemin


text:
Polish
Lithuanian noble
Lithuanian Court Chorąży
Lithuanian Court Treasurer
Voivode of Trakai
Battle of Kircholm
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Duchy of Courland

categories: Military personnel of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,Pac family,16th-century births,1642 deaths

paragraph: Piotr Pac

paragraph: Piotr Pac () (after 1570–1642) was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, Lithuanian Court Chorąży from 1613, Lithuanian Court Treasurer from 1635, Voivode of Trakai (1640–1642).

paragraph: He took part in the Battle of Kircholm in 1605. In 1607 he took part in the commission setting borders between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Duchy of Courland.

description: Polish-Lithuanian noble

wikidata_label: Piotr Pac

wikipedia_title: Piotr Pac


text: Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra

text: Isabella of Urgell

text: battle of Alfarrobeira

text: Burgundy

text: Isabella of Portugal

text: Philip III the Good

text: Adolph of Cleves

text: Ravenstein

text: Philip of Cleves

categories: 15th-century Portuguese people,15th-century Portuguese women,House of Aviz,1435 births,1462 deaths

paragraph: Beatrice of Coimbra

paragraph: Infanta Beatrice of Coimbra (1435–1462) was the 5th child of Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra, and Isabella of Urgell.

paragraph: After the battle of Alfarrobeira, where her father's army was defeated by the Portuguese royal army, she left the country and took refuge in Burgundy, under her aunt’s protection: Isabella of Portugal was married to Duke Philip III the Good.

paragraph: In 1453, Beatrice married Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein, nephew of the Duke Philip III the Good. They had issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip of Cleves (1456-1528)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louise (1457-1458)

paragraph: She died in Bruges of suspected poisoning in 1462.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nobreza de Portugal e Brasil", Vol. I, page 271. Published by Zairol Lda., Lisbon, 1989

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical information on Infanta Beatrice of Coimbra (in Portuguese)

description: Portuguese infanta

wikidata_label: Infanta Beatrice of Coimbra

wikipedia_title: Beatrice of Coimbra


text: rock

text: new wave

text: Whole Wide World

text: Stiff Records

text: Mojo

text: Newhaven

text: Gemma Arterton

text: Hull

text: Kilburn and the High Roads

text: Oldham

text: Ian Dury

text: Elvis Costello

text: Nick Lowe

text: record

text: A Bunch of Stiff Records

text: John Peel

text: BBC Radio 1

text: Festive Fifty

text: Sounds

text: NME

text: Lightning Seeds

text: Mental As Anything

text: The Monkees

text: Pool It!

text: The Proclaimers

text: Life With You

text: Paul Westerberg

text: Cage The Elephant

text: Unpeeled

text: Top 50

text: UK Albums Chart

text: The Wonderful World of Wreckless Eric

text: Captains of Industry

text: Ian Dury

text: Blockheads

text: Norman Watt-Roy

text: Mick Gallagher

text: Peugeot

text: tribute album

text: Heartlands

text: Different for Girls

text: Dublin

text: The Damned

text: Stranger Than Fiction

text: Will Ferrell

text: The Proclaimers

text: Edinburgh Castle

text: Life With You

text: John Wesley Harding

text: Camden

text: New Jersey

text: doo-wop

text: Norton Records

text: Amy Rigby

text: The Guitar Man

text: WFMU

text: Fire Records

text: The Mighty Mighty Bosstones

text: Wreckless Eric

text: UK Albums Chart

text: The Wonderful World of Wreckless Eric

text: Big Smash!

text: Transience

text: The Whole Wide World

text: A Bunch of Stiff Records

text: Stiffs Live

text: UK Albums Chart

text: List of new wave artists and bands

text: List of Peel sessions

text: Music of the United Kingdom (1970s)

text: Official website

categories: English songwriters,English new wave musicians,People from Newhaven, East Sussex,English male singers,The Minus 5 members,Stiff Records artists,1954 births,Living people

paragraph: Wreckless Eric

paragraph: Eric Goulden (born 18 May 1954), known as Wreckless Eric, is an English rock/new wave singer-songwriter, best known for his 1977 single "Whole Wide World" on Stiff Records. More than two decades after its release, the song was included in "Mojo" magazine's list of the best punk rock singles of all time. It was also acclaimed as one of the "top 40 singles of the alternative era 1975–2000".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Wreckless Eric was born in Newhaven, East Sussex. He is a cousin of actress Gemma Arterton through her mother. In 1973, he began attending Art School in Hull, where he joined bands such as Dirty Henry that played local clubs. On a break after his first year at school he saw Kilburn and the High Roads in Oldham. Struck by their honest approach to music, Eric decided to employ the same to his composing and performing. His next band, Addis and the Flip Tops, were the first incarnation of what would later be known as the DIY style. He first became known as one of the original members of the late 1970s Stiff Records artist roster, along with Ian Dury, Elvis Costello and Nick Lowe. Eric's first appearance on record was "Whole Wide World" on the Stiff label sampler "A Bunch of Stiff Records" in April 1977. The single version of that song was finally released in August. The song was produced by, and featured bass and guitar by Nick Lowe, with Steve Goulding on drums. The following month, the song was one of five tracks broadcast for the first of two sessions Eric recorded for DJ John Peel at BBC Radio 1. The song went on to make number 47 in John Peel's 'Festive Fifty', the so-called 'lost list' of 1977; it was number 8 in the "Sounds" critics' singles of the year; and it received an 'honourable mention' in the "NME" critics' chart. The song's reputation has grown over the years and numerous bands have covered "Whole Wide World", such as the Lightning Seeds, Mental As Anything, The Monkees (who covered the song on their "Pool It!" album in 1987), The Proclaimers (who covered it on their 2007 album "Life With You"), Paul Westerberg, and Cage The Elephant (who covered it in their 2017 album "Unpeeled").

paragraph: His debut album "Wreckless Eric" was a Top 50 hit in the UK Albums Chart. His second album with Stiff Records was "The Wonderful World of Wreckless Eric".

paragraph: Section::::End of Stiff days.

paragraph: Eric became increasingly unhappy with Stiff Records' business ideas and promotion. The label forced Eric to work with songwriting teams, hired backing bands and assigned his music to unsympathetic producers. By 1980, shortly after the release of "Big Smash!", he decided to leave Stiff and record music at his home studio. Despite leaving the mainstream music business, he has continued writing songs and performing consistently throughout Europe and the United States. Since the 1980s Eric has released albums on numerous independent record labels.

paragraph: Section::::Post-Stiff bands.

paragraph: Eric's post-Stiff bands/projects include: The Captains of Industry, The Len Bright Combo, The Hitsville House Band, with one album "Karaoke" (1997) recorded under his real name, Eric Goulden.

paragraph: Section::::Post-Stiff albums.

paragraph: In 1985, he released "A Roomful of Monkeys" with the Captains of Industry. It was followed in 1986 by a couple of homemade garage albums with 'The Len Bright Combo'. He always stayed in touch with Ian Dury and the Blockheads – two Blockheads, Norman Watt-Roy and Mick Gallagher, were in the Captains of Industry.

paragraph: In 1989, he signed to New Rose Records as Eric Goulden, released the homemade "Le Beat Group Electrique" with bassist André Barreau and drummer Catfish Truton. This same year he moved to France, in a quiet countryside corner where he stayed for about ten years. By the time he made this move to the vineyard country, he had already ended his "career of full-time alcoholic", that he referred to in his autobiography.

paragraph: Eric toured Eastern Europe in a 1960s Peugeot car, both solo and with his band. In 1990, he released a second Le Beat Group Electrique album, recorded live in a New Rose record shop in Paris, entitled "At the Shop" with Eduardo Leal de la Gala and Fabrice Bertran on the drums. Together they formed the Hitsville House Band.

paragraph: Eric returned to the UK in 1998, wrote his autobiography "A Dysfunctional Success – The Wreckless Eric Manual" about his life in England in the punk rock years and the music industry, ending at his departure for France. Eric contributed his version of "Clevor Trever" (sic) to the Ian Dury tribute album "Brand New Boots and Panties" released in 2001. A new album "Bungalow Hi" was home-recorded, produced and released in 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Recent times.

paragraph: The soundtrack to the 2002 film, "Heartlands", contained "(I'd Go The) Whole Wide World".

paragraph: "(I'd Go The) Whole Wide World" appears in the 1996 film "Different for Girls".

paragraph: In late 2005, Eric toured the UK (also playing Dublin) supporting fellow ex-Stiff artists The Damned.

paragraph: In the 2006 film, "Stranger Than Fiction", starring Will Ferrell, Ferrell sings "Whole Wide World" while playing the guitar, until the original Wreckless Eric version takes over.

paragraph: In 2008, "Wreckless Eric & Amy Rigby" was released. The album had a sound that was described as including "lots of strummed acoustic guitars, insistent and melodic bass lines and atmospherics created by vintage keyboards, synthesizers, processed electric guitars and electronic effects". They toured to support the album.

paragraph: Eric joined The Proclaimers onstage at Edinburgh Castle in Scotland, on 19 July 2008, to perform his song, "(I'd Go The) Whole Wide World" which they covered on their album, "Life With You". Eric and Amy Rigby joined John Wesley Harding onstage at Wiggins Park in Camden, New Jersey, United States, on 25 July 2009, to perform "(I'd Go The) Whole Wide World".

paragraph: In September 2010, Eric and Rigby offered a track for the compilation album, "". They recorded a cover of the 1950s doo-wop song, "I Want To Be Your Happiness." The Wind Records, along with Norton Records, released the album.

paragraph: After some years living in France with his wife and co-performer, singer-songwriter Amy Rigby, Goulden moved with her to the United States in 2011. As of November 2011, they lived in upstate New York, and continued to tour together.

paragraph: In 2012, Wreckless Eric and Amy Rigby recorded a version of the Bread song "The Guitar Man", for the fund raising CD "Super Hits of the Seventies", for the radio station WFMU.

paragraph: In December 2013, Fire Records re-released both Len Bright Combo records and the band reunited for a one off show at The Lexington in London. In 2014, Fire Records re-released "Le Beat Group Electrique", "The Donovan of Trash" and "12 O'Clock Stereo".

paragraph: In December 2016, Wreckless Eric appeared in The Mighty Mighty Bosstones Hometown Throwdown at the House of Blues in Boston. He sang "(I'd Go The) Whole Wide World".

paragraph: In April 2018, Wreckless Eric released an album of new songs, "Construction Time & Demolition", supported with shows in the UK, the US, and Canada.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: "As Wreckless Eric

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wreckless Eric" (March 1978: Stiff Records, SEEZ 6) No. 46 UK Albums Chart

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wonderful World of Wreckless Eric" (October 1978: Stiff, SEEZ 9)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big Smash!" (February 1980: Stiff, SEEZ 21) [double, inc. compilation album] No. 30 UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Donovan of Trash" (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bungalow Hi" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "AmERICa" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Construction Time & Demolition" (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Transience" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Whole Wide World" (December 1979) [compilation album] US release

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Almost a Jubilee: 25 Years at the BBC (with Gaps)" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hits, Misses, Rags and Tatters" (2010)

paragraph: "With" Captains of Industry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Roomful of Monkeys" (1984)

paragraph: "With" The Len Bright Combo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Len Bright Combo Presents..." (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Combo Time" (1986)

paragraph: (The two Len Bright Combo albums were re-released on a single CD on Eric's Southern Domestic label in 2004).

paragraph: "With Le Beat Group Electrique

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Beat Group Electrique" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "At the Shop" (1990)

paragraph: "With" Hitsville House Band

paragraph: BULLET::::- "12 O'Clock Stereo " (1996)

paragraph: "As" Eric Goulden

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Karaoke" (1997)

paragraph: "With" Amy Rigby

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Wreckless Eric & Amy Rigby" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two-Way Family Favourites" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Working Museum" (2012)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Various artists compilation album appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Bunch of Stiff Records" (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stiffs Live" (1978: Stiff Records, GET 1) No. 28 UK Albums Chart

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heroes & Cowards" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Can't Start Dancing" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Whole Wide World" featured on the "That Summer!" compilation album (June 1979) UK No. 36

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Compilation Album" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Stiff Records Box Set" (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "DiY 3: Teenage Kicks – UK Pop I (1976–79)" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stranger Than Fiction Soundtrack" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sandinista! Project" (2007)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of new wave artists and bands

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Peel sessions

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music of the United Kingdom (1970s)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wreckless Eric" Goulden: "A Dysfunctional Success – The Wreckless Eric Manual", Do Not Press (2004),

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of Len Bright Combo reunion show – Rockerzine.com 2013

description: English rock and roll and new wave singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Wreckless Eric

wikipedia_title: Wreckless Eric


text:
Northern Irish
professional golfer
Amateur Championship
Royal Troon
Portrush
County Antrim
St Andrews Links Trophy
2011 Walker Cup
Paul Cutler
Matthias Schwab
Irish Opens
Royal Portrush
2012 Open Championship
2013 Masters
2013 U.S. Open
Challenge de Madrid
Challenge Tour
St Andrews Links Trophy
Irish Amateur Open Championship
Amateur Championship
Walker Cup
Eisenhower Trophy
2010
2012
St Andrews Trophy
Bonallack Trophy

categories: People from Portrush,1990 births,Male golfers from Northern Ireland

paragraph: Alan Dunbar

paragraph: Alan Dunbar (born 30 April 1990) is a Northern Irish professional golfer who won the 2012 Amateur Championship at Royal Troon. His home club is Rathmore Golf Club near Portrush, County Antrim.

paragraph: Dunbar won the Ulster Youths Amateur Open in 2008, the St Andrews Links Trophy in 2009 and the North of Ireland Amateur Open and the Irish Open Amateur in 2010.

paragraph: Dunbar played in the winning 2011 Walker Cup team. Partnered with Paul Cutler they won both their foursome matches, although Dunbar lost his singles match on the final day.

paragraph: Dunbar won the Amateur Championship in June 2012 defeating Austrian teenager Matthias Schwab by one hole at Royal Troon. Dunbar and Schwab exchanged the lead five times in the 36 hole final. Schwab led by 1 hole after the morning round but after 5 holes of the afternoon Dunbar was 2 holes ahead. However Schwab was again 1 hole ahead with 2 holes to play, but Dunbar won the last two holes to gain a narrow victory.

paragraph: Dunbar has played in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 Irish Opens but has failed to make the cut on each occasion. In the 2012 Irish Open at Royal Portrush he opened with a 71 (-1) but in the second round shot a 78.

paragraph: His victory in the 2012 Amateur Championship brought Dunbar an invitation to the 2012 Open Championship. He had a disappointing opening round of 75 which included a triple-bogey and two double-bogeys and despite a second round 71 he missed the cut.

paragraph: The Amateur Championship win also gave him automatic qualification to the 2013 Masters and 2013 U.S. Open provided he remained an amateur. He played in the Masters then turned professional, forfeiting his exemption to the U.S. Open. Dunbar made his professional debut at the Challenge de Madrid, an event on the second-tier Challenge Tour, where he missed the cut.

paragraph: Section::::Amateur wins.

paragraph: "this list may be incomplete"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 St Andrews Links Trophy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Irish Amateur Open Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 Amateur Championship

paragraph: Section::::Results in major championships.

paragraph: CUT = missed the half-way cut

paragraph: Section::::Team appearances.

paragraph: Amateur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walker Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 2011 (winners)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eisenhower Trophy (representing Ireland): 2010, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Andrews Trophy (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bonallack Trophy (representing Europe): 2012 (winners)

description: Amateur golfer

wikidata_label: Alan Dunbar

wikipedia_title: Alan Dunbar


text: Swedish-American

text: Växjö Municipality

text: Kronoberg County

text: Karlskrona Technical School

text: Royal Swedish Academy of Arts

text: America

text: Minneapolis College of Art and Design

text: Minneapolis

text: Duluth, Minnesota

text: Collette Pope Heldner

text: Duluth

text: Minnesota State Fair

text: Swedish Club of Chicago

text: Louisiana

text: landscapes

text: portrait

text: New Orleans, Louisiana

text: Orleans Parish, Louisiana

text: Knute Heldner, Artists' Bluebook

categories: Federal Art Project artists,20th-century American painters,Swedish emigrants to the United States,19th-century Swedish painters,1875 births,American male painters,1952 deaths,20th-century Swedish painters,Swedish male painters,People from Växjö Municipality,19th-century American painters

paragraph: Knute Heldner

paragraph: Knute Heldner (1875 – November 5, 1952) was a Swedish-American artist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Knute August Heldner was born in the village Vederslöv in Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. His early formal training was at Karlskrona Technical School and the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts in Stockholm. He migrated to America around 1902 and trained at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design in Minneapolis. He lived in Duluth, Minnesota until 1934. He was married to Collette Pope Heldner (1902-1990) who was also a painter and his one time student from the Rachel McFadden Art Studio in Duluth.

paragraph: He won the gold medal at the Minnesota State Fair in 1915. In 1921 he exhibited his work in the Swedish American Artist's Association in the Swedish Club of Chicago. His style was modern expressionistic, derived from his training as an artist in Sweden. He was recognized for painting of Louisiana landscapes. His best paintings however were portraits. His work entitled "Bearers of burdens" was turned into a print.

paragraph: Heldner and his wife eventually made their home in New Orleans, Louisiana, returning to Minnesota during the summer.

paragraph: Knute Heldner died during 1952 in Orleans Parish, Louisiana at 77 years of age.

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collette Pope Heldner. Artists' Bluebook

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knute Heldner, Artists' Bluebook

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louisiana State University Museum of Art brochure

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Knute Heldner

wikipedia_title: Knute Heldner


text: née

text: Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark

text: Marina Karella

text: artist

text: business magnate

text: Paris

text: New York

text: Patmos

text: boarding school

text: Princeton University

text: degree

text: interior decoration

text: Panama

text: phalaena

text: lepidopterist

text: Panama

text: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

text: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

text: Greek Royal Family

text: royal house

text: Constantine II of Greece

text: legislative decree 1298/1949

text: dynastic

text: style

text: Royal Highness

text: Prince Aimone of Savoy, Duke of Apulia

text: Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta

text: Jean d'Orléans, duc de Guise

text: George I of Greece

text: Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark

text: Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta

text: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

text: embassy

text: Moscow

text: Exarch

text: Archimandrite

text: Second Vatican Council

text: canonically

text: canonical dispensation

text: Moscow

text: Paolo Pezzi

text: local Ordinary

text: paternal

text: Queen Sofia of Spain

text: Constantine II of the Hellenes

text: Anne Marie

text: Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark

text: Marina

text: Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark

text: House of Savoy

text: Princess Claude of Orléans

text: Maria-Cristina

text: Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy

text: Umberto II of Italy

text: Duke of the Abruzzi

categories: Greek princesses,Italian princesses,People from Athens,Princesses of Savoy,House of Glücksburg (Greece),1971 births,Living people

paragraph: Princess Olga, Duchess of Apulia

paragraph: Princess Olga, Duchess of Apulia ("née": Princess Olga Isabelle of Greece, ; born 17 November 1971) is the daughter of author Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark and his wife, Marina Karella, an artist and daughter of the Greek business magnate Theodore Karella. Princess Olga is the wife of Prince Aimone of Savoy-Aosta, Duke of Aosta.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Princess Olga grew up in Paris and New York, spending summers at the family's island retreat at Patmos, Greece. She chose to attend boarding school in England, studied history in Rome, and is a graduate of Princeton University. She also holds a degree from Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. Although Olga worked for a while in interior decoration, she went to Panama to photograph and study phalaena. Later, as a lepidopterist, she helped to set up and then worked in the Liquid Jungle Lab in Panama in co-operation with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. She is also a journalist and filmmaker.

paragraph: Section::::Dynastic status.

paragraph: Unlike other members of the Greek Royal Family, she was not deemed a full member of the Greek royal house under the monarchy, despite being born of a marriage recognized by King Constantine II of Greece (pursuant to Greek legislative decree 1298/1949). As daughters of a non-dynastic marriage, she and her elder sister, Princess Alexandra, are not accorded the traditional style of Royal Highness, nor do they bear the titular suffix "and Denmark".

paragraph: Section::::Engagement, marriage and children.:Engagement.

paragraph: Her engagement to Prince Aimone of Savoy, Duke of Apulia, son of Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta, was announced in May 2005. Aimone and Olga are second cousins; both being great-grandchildren of the French pretender Jean d'Orléans, duc de Guise. They are also second cousins-once-removed, as George I of Greece is Aimone's great-great-grandfather and Olga's great-grandfather. Olga's father, Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark, Aimone's late paternal grandmother, Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta (née Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark), and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark), were all first cousins.

paragraph: Section::::Engagement, marriage and children.:Marriage.

paragraph: The couple wed, after a three-year engagement, on 16 September 2008 at the Italian embassy in Moscow, the city in which Aimone is employed. Their religious marriage took place on 27 September at Patmos, where it was expected that the Patriarchal Exarch of Patmos, Archimandrite Andipas Nikitaras, would preside at the Church of the Evangelismos of the Virgin Mary at Pano Kambos, with a reception following on the site of a former school. Since the Second Vatican Council marriages celebrated according to the rite of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, to which the exarchate belongs, may be recognized as canonically valid. A canonical dispensation was obtained from the Catholic Archbishop of Moscow, Mons. Paolo Pezzi, who was the local Ordinary of prince Aimone.

paragraph: Present for the nuptials in Patmos were several members of Olga's paternal family, including Queen Sofia of Spain ("née" Princess of Greece and Denmark), former King Constantine II of the Hellenes and his consort Queen Anne Marie ("née" Princess of Denmark), Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark and his wife, Marina (bride's parents), and Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark. With the exception of 78-year-old Margherita, Dowager Archduchess of Austria-Este ("née" Princess of Savoy-Aosta), all members of the Aosta branch of the House of Savoy were in attendance, i.e. Prince Amedeo of Savoy, 5th Duke of Aosta (bridegroom's father) and his consort Silvia, Duchess of Aosta, Princess Claude of Orléans ( "Princess of France", bridegroom's mother), as well as Aimone's two full sisters, Princess Bianca Countess Arrivabene-Valenti-Gonzaga and Princess Mafalda Madame Lombardo di San Chirico, as well as Maria-Cristina ("née" Princess of Savoy-Aosta) and her husband Prince Casimir of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. From the senior branch of the Italian royal family Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy (daughter of the late King Umberto II of Italy) was present, as she had been at the Athens wedding of Olga's parents in 1965.

paragraph: Section::::Engagement, marriage and children.:Children.

paragraph: On 7 March 2009, Princess Olga gave birth to a son named Umberto in Paris, France. On 24 May 2011 in Paris, Olga gave birth to another son, named Amedeo Michele. A day after his birth Amedeo was granted the title "Duke of the Abruzzi" by his paternal grandfather. On 14 December 2012, Olga gave birth to a baby daughter, Isabella Vita Marina, in Paris, France.

paragraph: Section::::Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 17 November 1971 – 16 September 2008: Princess Olga of Greece

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16 September 2008 – present: "Her Royal Highness" The Duchess of Apulia

description: Greek princess

wikidata_label: Princess Olga, Duchess of Apulia

wikipedia_title: Princess Olga, Duchess of Apulia


text: World War I

text: Spanish Civil War

text: World War II

text: La Spezia

text: Liguria

text: Pistoia

text: Battle of Asiago

text: Winston Churchill

text: 9th "Pasubio" Infantry Division

text: 3 Cavalry Division Amedeo Duca d'Aosta

text: Corpo di Truppe Volontarie

text: Spanish Civil War

text: Aragon Offensive

text: Francesco Guidi

text: Tenth Army

text: Italian invasion of Egypt

text: Sidi Barrani

text: Via Balbia

text: Egypt

text: Italian invasion of Greece

text: Italo Gariboldi

text: Richard O'Connor

text: Operation Compass

text: Sidi Barrani

text: Giuseppe Tellera

text: Beda Fomm

text: The Generals of WWII: Mario Berti

categories: Italian generals,1881 births,Foreign volunteers in the Spanish Civil War,1960 deaths,Italian military personnel of World War II

paragraph: Mario Berti

paragraph: Mario Berti (1881–1964) was an Italian officer during World War I and a general in the Spanish Civil War and World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life..

paragraph: Mario Berti was born in La Spezia, which is located in modern-day Liguria. He was born into an upper-middle-class family. His family was quite wealthy, partly because his father (originally from Pistoia) was granted land in La Spezia after the Mille Expedition of Garibaldi. Berti never married and never had children, but he had two nephews and a niece, who were his only heirs.

paragraph: Section::::World War I.

paragraph: He achieved the rank of colonel at an extremely young age (he is still considered one of the youngest Italians ever to have held this rank except for members of the royal family). Originally stationed in Libya by the outbreak of the war, he served on the Trento front in 1916. He saw action at the Battle of Asiago. Berti earned the British Distinguished Service Order and was personally decorated by Winston Churchill for his services to the Allies in World War I. He would later be awarded by Hitler with the Iron Cross.

paragraph: Section::::Spanish Civil War.

paragraph: As a General, Berti was the commander of the 9th "Pasubio" Infantry Division then commander of the 3 Cavalry Division Amedeo Duca d'Aosta before becoming the Deputy Commander of the Corps of Volunteer Troops ("Corpo di Truppe Volontarie", or CTV) during the Spanish Civil War in 1937. Subsequently, Berti became commander of the CTV from late 1937 into 1938 during the Aragon Offensive. He was Commander of the Italian XV Corps from 1939 to 1940 and became head of the CTV at General Franco's request.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: At the beginning of the war Berti was Chief of Staff in the Italian Army. However Italy's commitment in Spain had drained it of resources which made it not ready to fight against Britain and France. Many Generals including Berti made this clear to Mussolini. As a result, he was demoted and sidelined. He was appointed Commissioner of Libya. He had fallen out of favour with Mussolini and Graziani had taken his place.

paragraph: His relation with Graziani was abysmal. After the failures in Egypt, Berti called Graziani incompetent and refused to send him help. During his sick leave with fever, Graziani called him a coward and had him dishonored.

paragraph: In the summer of 1940, Berti replaced Francesco Guidi as the commander of the Italian Tenth Army in Libya. On 13 September 1940, Berti was in command of the Tenth Army during the Italian invasion of Egypt. Halted at Sidi Barrani by logistical problems, Berti deployed his advanced units in a series of fortified strongpoints. He then began work on extending the Via Balbia into Egypt. The fortified strongpoints were not mutually supporting. Large gaps between them were only covered by motorised patrols.

paragraph: A build-up for a new Italian offensive further into Egypt was delayed by the Italian invasion of Greece. The offensive in Egypt was rescheduled and a mid-December launch was planned. However, prior to this, General Berti went on sick leave and Italo Gariboldi took his place temporarily.

paragraph: On 9 December 1940, Berti was on leave when British General Richard O'Connor launched Operation Compass. On 14 December, Berti arrived back in North Africa. The British forces had exploited the gaps between the Italian fortified camps and in three days were able to overrun them and to capture or destroy almost all of the Italian defenders. On 11 December, Sidi Barrani fell. By 16 December, the Italians had been ejected from Egypt.

paragraph: On 23 December, Berti was replaced by General Giuseppe Tellera as commander of the Tenth Army. Tellera was to die in action at Beda Fomm.

paragraph: On September 8, 1943, Italy signed an armistice with the allies. At that point he retired from the Army. After the war he was cleared of wrongdoing. The post-war government arrested Graziani and asked Berti if he was a criminal. Berti made it clear that Graziani had done no wrong. He lived in the hills of La Spezia for the rest of his life.

paragraph: He is not to be confused with Col. Berti, who was known as a "sly murderer" (which was what commandants of POW camps were called during World War II).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Generals of WWII: Mario Berti

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Italian Army in Egypt during World War II

description: Italian general

wikidata_label: Mario Berti

wikipedia_title: Mario Berti


text:
handball
Herning-Ikast Håndbold

categories: People from Lund,Swedish female handball players,Expatriate handball players,1994 births,Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Denmark,Living people

paragraph: Jessica Ryde

paragraph: Jessica Ryde (born 18 May 1994) is a Swedish handball player who currently plays for Herning-Ikast Håndbold.

description: handball player

wikidata_label: Jessica Ryde

wikipedia_title: Jessica Ryde


text:
Czech
bobsled
St. Moritz
Altenberg
2010 Winter Olympics

categories: Olympic bobsledders of the Czech Republic,Bobsledders at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Czech male bobsledders,Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Bobsledders at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Jan Vrba

paragraph: Jan Vrba (born January 28, 1982) is a Czech bobsledder who has competed since 2004. His best World Cup finish was 5th at Altenberg in the four-man event (2005: St. Moritz, 2009: Altenberg).

paragraph: Vrba was selected to compete at the 2010 Winter Olympics in the four-man event where he finished 16th.

description: Czech bobsledder and Olympic athlete

wikidata_label: Jan Vrba

wikipedia_title: Jan Vrba


text:
professional golfer
Brookline, Massachusetts
1909 U.S. Open
Siwanoy Country Club
Bronxville, New York
Rodman Wanamaker
PGA Championship
coronary thrombosis
Mount Vernon, New York
North and South Open
Metropolitan Open
North and South Open
Massachusetts Open
Philadelphia Open Championship
Western Open
Philadelphia Open Championship
Masters Tournament
France–United States Professional Match

categories: American male golfers,People from Brookline, Massachusetts,Golfers from New York (state),Golfers from Massachusetts,1882 births,Sportspeople from Mount Vernon, New York

paragraph: Tom McNamara (golfer)

paragraph: Thomas Lawrence McNamara, Sr. (November 18, 1882 – July 21, 1939) was an American professional golfer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: McNamara was born in Brookline, Massachusetts to an immigrant Irish family. His parents were Thomas McNamara (1841–1909) and Mariah McNamara "née" Curry (1851–1940).

paragraph: McNamara was the head professional at Wollaston Golf Club. During the 1909 U.S. Open, McNamara became the first man ever to break 70 in a competitive American tournament. McNamara held a three-stroke lead in the 1909 U.S. Open heading to the back nine. Due to the extremely hot temperatures, McNamara suffered a heatstroke on the 14th hole. After doctors treated him, he insisted on finishing the tournament. He succeeded in finishing, but his game collapsed down the stretch and finished second. The following year, 1910, he served as the head golf professional at the Fall River Country Club in Fall River, Massachusetts.

paragraph: McNamara was considered one of American's best homegrown professionals during the early twentieth century. He was head professional at Siwanoy Country Club in Bronxville, New York. He proposed the idea of a national tournament to his boss, Rodman Wanamaker. McNamara was the manager of the golf department in Wanamaker's New York City department store. Thus came the PGA Championship, first played in 1916 at Siwanoy Country Club.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: McNamara was born to Thomas McNamara (1841–1909) and Mariah McNamara "née" Curry (1851–1940). McNamara and his wife Mary had seven children.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: McNamara died, from coronary thrombosis, at his home in Mount Vernon, New York on July 21, 1939.

paragraph: Section::::Tournament wins.

paragraph: "this list may be incomplete"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1912 North and South Open, Metropolitan Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1913 North and South Open, Massachusetts Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1914 Philadelphia Open Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1915 Western Open, Philadelphia Open Championship

paragraph: Section::::Results in major championships.

paragraph: "Note: The Masters Tournament was not founded until 1934.br

paragraph: NYF = Tournament not yet foundedbr

paragraph: NT = No tournamentbr

paragraph: DNP = Did not playbr

paragraph: CUT = missed the half-way cutbr

paragraph: R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match playbr

paragraph: "T" indicates a tie for a placebr

paragraph: Yellow background for top-10

paragraph: Section::::Team appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- France–United States Professional Match (representing the United States): 1913

description: professional golfer

wikidata_label: Tom McNamara

wikipedia_title: Tom McNamara (golfer)


text:
freestyle skier
2010 Winter Olympics
Vancouver

categories: 1976 births,Freestyle skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Olympic freestyle skiers of France,French male freestyle skiers,Living people

paragraph: Enak Gavaggio

paragraph: Enak Gavaggio (born May 4, 1976) is a French freestyle skier. He represented France at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

description: French freestyle skier

wikidata_label: Enak Gavaggio

wikipedia_title: Enak Gavaggio


text:
black metal
Funeral Mist
Triumphator
Marduk
Funeral Mist
Tore Stjerna
Triumphator
Antaeus
De Principii Evangelikum
Plague Angel
Biblical tales
Third Reich
World War II
Merrimack
DNA Lounge
Nordic Resistance Movement
neo-Nazi
Satanism
Devil worship
Funeral Mist#Discography
Triumphator (band)#Discography
Plague Angel
Deathmarch
Wormwood
Iron Dawn
Serpent Sermon
Frontschwein
Viktoria

categories: Swedish male singers,Swedish Satanists,Black metal musicians,1977 births,Swedish heavy metal singers

paragraph: Daniel Rostén

paragraph: Daniel Rostén is a Swedish black metal vocalist, guitarist, and bassist, known as the frontman for Funeral Mist and singer/guitarist of Triumphator under the stage name Arioch, and for having been the vocalist for renowned Swedish black metal band Marduk since 2004 under the stage name Mortuus. He also runs a graphic design company called Holy Poison Design.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years (1994–2004).

paragraph: Arioch joined Funeral Mist as bassist in the summer of 1994, before the band's first demo recordings. He leads the band since all old members left, and recorded the second demo "Havoc" in summer/autumn 1996 with the new drummer Necromorbus (Tore Stjerna). Arioch also played guitar and sung in Triumphator in the 1990s and contributed the lyrics to the French band Antaeus' song "Sanctus", released on "De Principii Evangelikum" in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Marduk (2004 onward).

paragraph: In 2004, Rostén joined Marduk as vocalist prior to the completion of the band's album "Plague Angel", replacing longtime vocalist Legion. Marduk's founder and guitarist Morgan Håkansson had contributed the lyrics to the Triumphator song "Heralds of Pestilence". Mortuus introduced a decidedly distinct and different vocal style to Marduk to that of his predecessor, and it was due to his credentials as vocalist in Funeral Mist that Håkansson contacted Rostén by telephone. After careful consideration Rostén accepted Håkansson's offer to join Marduk. In contrast to Legion, Håkansson has stated that Rostén has shared his interest in enthusiasm for Marduk's lyrical content, which has notably consisted of subject matter such as Biblical tales, Third Reich history and World War II.

paragraph: In 2012, Mortuus also sang on Merrimack's album "The Acausal Mass", as the band's member Perversifier stated after "Rock Hard" journalist Jan Jaedike compared some of Merrimack's material to "the least comfortable stuff of Marduk with Mortuus". He was not mentioned in the album's booklet though because Merrimack did not want to use his name for promotion.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Controversy.

paragraph: In December 2009 Rostén, while performing live at the DNA Lounge in San Francisco, a shirtless fan who was drunk approached Rostén onstage trying to hug him, Mortuus grabbed the man by the head, flipped him over onto his back on the stage, and pushed him off it. This incident was recorded on video and was subject to mixed reception from observers.

paragraph: In April 2018, Mortuus and Marduk drummer Fredrik Widigs were accused of purchasing items from the Nordic Resistance Movement (NMR), a Swedish neo-Nazi organization, after sale records for various purchases were uncovered, including Mortuus and Widigs' real names, personal email addresses, and shipment records confirmed the material was shipped to their home addresses. The items included stickers and flyers promoting the NMR and the books "Our Way - The Nordic Party Movement Party Program" and "National Socialism - The Biological Worldview". Marduk denied these claims on their official Facebook page stating, "No Marduk member has ordered anything from the website in question, or ever had any form of interaction with the organisation operating it. This is all we have to say about the matter."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Views on black metal.

paragraph: Arioch points out that "A band that claims to play Black Metal must always have Satanism and nothing but Satanism as the highest priority in their music and concept as well as in their personal lives" and that neither the voice, nor the sound and musical style make a black metal band. He considers "[d]estructive Satanism and fanatic Devil worship" to be "the very foundation of everything labelled 'Black Metal'".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Funeral Mist.

paragraph: BULLET::::- see Funeral Mist#Discography

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Triumphator.

paragraph: BULLET::::- see Triumphator (band)#Discography

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Antaeus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Principii Evangelikum" (lyrics for "Sanctus", 2002)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Marduk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plague Angel" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deathmarch" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wormwood" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iron Dawn" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Serpent Sermon" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frontschwein" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Viktoria" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Merrimack.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Acausal Mass" (guest vocals, 2012)

description: Swedish singer

wikidata_label: Daniel Rostén

wikipedia_title: Daniel Rostén


text:
Geneva
Swiss
Ampère
Fourier
Académie des Sciences
Charles Sturm
speed of sound
water jet
total internal reflection
Comptes rendus
French Academy of Sciences
optical fiber
Auguste Arthur de la Rive
Jacques Babinet
John Tyndall
Lake Geneva
underwater sound
compressibility of liquids
History of fibreoptics

paragraph: Jean-Daniel Colladon

paragraph: Jean-Daniel Colladon (15 December 1802, Geneva – 30 June 1893) was a Swiss physicist.

paragraph: Colladon studied law but then worked in the laboratories of Ampère and Fourier. He received an Académie des Sciences award with his friend Charles Sturm for their measurement of the speed of sound and the breaking up of water jets. Stymied by the lack of a sight of the water jet provided to the audience, he used a tube to collect and pipe sunlight to the lecture table. The light was trapped by the total internal reflection of the tube until the water jet, upon which edge the light incidented at a glancing angle, broke up and carried the light in a curved flow. Colladon reported this experiment to a wider audience in the "Comptes rendus", the French Academy of Sciences' journal, in 1842.

paragraph: His experiments formed one of the core principles of modern-day optical fiber, alongside those of Auguste Arthur de la Rive — who demonstrated Colladon's experiment using electric arc light —, Jacques Babinet  — who, separately, had created the same effect using candlelight and a glass bottle —, and John Tyndall — who, in 1870, demonstrated that light used internal reflection to follow a specific path using a jet of water that flowed from one container to another and a beam of light.

paragraph: In 1841, he conducted experiments on Lake Geneva demonstrating that sound traveled over four times as fast in water as in air. He was able to transmit sound waves from Nyon to Montreux, a distance of 50 km, and envisioned developing a novel means of transmitting information via underwater sound signals between England and France via the Channel.

paragraph: Colladon won the Grand Prize of the Academy of Sciences in Paris for his research on the compressibility of liquids. He also worked extensively on hydraulics, steam engines, and air compressors. He invented a type of hydraulic generator that could float on water, thereby providing a constant output of energy regardless of water level.

paragraph: On December 25, 1844, Geneva was first illuminated by a network of gas lights, a project Colladon had been instrumental in advocating and promoting.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of fibreoptics

description: Swiss physicist

wikidata_label: Jean-Daniel Colladon

wikipedia_title: Jean-Daniel Colladon


text:
Otho
Tiberius
proconsul
Consul Suffect
Illyricum
Claudius
Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus
principia
knight
patrician
Albia Terentia
Terentii
Titianus
Otho
Drusus Caesar

categories: 1st-century Romans,Claudius,Imperial Roman consuls,Salvii

paragraph: Lucius Salvius Otho

paragraph: Lucius Salvius Otho was father of the Roman emperor Otho, he was born of a distinguished and well-connected family on his mother's side. His close friendship with Tiberius, and physical similarity to him, led to rumours that he was that emperor's son.

paragraph: Otho was renowned for the severity of his command in the regular offices at Rome, the proconsulate of Africa, and several special military commands. He was made Consul Suffect in July 33. In Illyricum, in 42, some soldiers supported a rebellion against Claudius by Illyricum's governor, Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus. Afterwards, they tried to cover the revolt up by killing their officers, who were the revolt's ringleaders. Claudius promoted them for doing so, but Otho had them executed in his presence in the principia for killing their officers.

paragraph: He rebuilt his reputation at court by forcing the slaves of an unnamed knight to betray their master's plot to kill the emperor. As a result, the Senate set up his statue in the palace, and Claudius enrolled him among the patricians, praising him in the highest terms and calling him "a man of greater loyalty than I can even pray for in my own children."

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: He married Albia Terentia (her name suggests descent from the Terentii) and had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titianus, consul in 52

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Otho

paragraph: BULLET::::- A daughter, whom he betrothed to Tiberius' adoptive son and nephew Drusus Caesar at a very young age

description: Roman consul

wikidata_label: Lucius Otho

wikipedia_title: Lucius Salvius Otho


text:
professional baseball
Major League Baseball
catcher
Chicago Cubs
New York Giants
St. Louis Cardinals
Boston Braves
National League
Lima, New York
Greensboro Patriots
Piedmont League
batting average
minor leagues
1935
Baseball Hall of Fame
Gabby Hartnett
1936
1937
Frank Demaree
Billy Jurges
Dick Bartell
Hank Leiber
Gus Mancuso
Harry Danning
Bill Lohrman
Johnny McCarthy
Johnny Mize
Walker Cooper
United States Navy
1945
hits
runs
runs batted in
extra-base hit
shutout
fielding percentage
caught stealing
Phil Masi
assists
1945 game
Associated Press
1946 season
Joe Garagiola
games
hits
at bats
home run
runs batted in
on-base percentage
fielding percentage
World Series
1935
1938
1942
1943
1944
pinch hitter
Baseball Library
Retrosheet

categories: National League All-Stars,Major League Baseball catchers,Boston Braves players,Keokuk Indians players,Chicago Cubs players,People from Lima, New York,Baseball players from New York (state),1985 deaths,Greensboro Patriots players,Elmira Colonels players,1913 births,New York Giants (NL) players,St. Louis Cardinals players,Columbus Red Birds players

paragraph: Ken O'Dea

paragraph: James Kenneth O'Dea (March 16, 1913 – December 17, 1985) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher for the Chicago Cubs (1935–38), New York Giants (1940–41), St. Louis Cardinals (1943–46), and Boston Braves (1946).

paragraph: O'Dea had the misfortune of playing on the same teams alongside some of the best catchers in the National League, which limited his playing time. Although he played most of his 12-year MLB career as a backup catcher, O'Dea was considered one of the best defensive catchers in the major leagues prior to World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.:Minor league.

paragraph: A native of Lima, New York, O'Dea began his baseball career at the age of 18 in with the Greensboro Patriots of the Piedmont League. He produced a .333 batting average while playing for the Keokuk Indians in . Although his hitting would taper off, it was his defensive abilities as a catcher that made him stand out. He played in the minor leagues for four years.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.:Major league.

paragraph: O'Dea made his MLB debut with the Chicago Cubs on April 21, 1935, at the age of 22. O'Dea performed respectably for the Cubs, serving as a backup catcher to future Baseball Hall of Fame member, Gabby Hartnett. When Hartnett was injured in 1936, O'Dea filled in with solid defensive play as well as hitting for a .307 batting average in 80 games. In 1937, he hit for a .301 average in 83 games. On December 6, , the Cubs traded him along with Frank Demaree and Billy Jurges to the New York Giants for Dick Bartell, Hank Leiber and catcher Gus Mancuso. With the Giants, O'Dea would once again be forced into a substitute role, as he backed up four-time All-Star Harry Danning. After three seasons with the Giants, he was traded on December 11, along with Bill Lohrman and Johnny McCarthy to the St. Louis Cardinals for Johnny Mize. The Cardinals also had an All-Star catcher in Walker Cooper, so O'Dea once again found himself in a back up role.

paragraph: When Cooper was inducted into the United States Navy in 1945, O'Dea was finally given the opportunity to be a starting catcher. He made the most of the opportunity, posting career-highs in hits (78), runs (36), runs batted in (43), extra-base hits (24), and games played (100). O'Dea's pitch calling skills helped the Cardinals pitching staff lead the league in shutouts as the team finished the season in second place, three games behind the Chicago Cubs. He also led National League catchers in fielding percentage and in base runners caught stealing, and finished second to Phil Masi in assists. He might have been an All-Star for the first time, but the 1945 game was cancelled on April 24 due to strict war-time travel restrictions and no All-Stars were named that season. In place of the All-Star Game, seven interleague games were played. The Associated Press sportswriters named O'Dea as an All-Star, a reserve catcher for the Nation League team.

paragraph: The 33-year-old O'Dea was traded to the Boston Braves during the 1946 season to make room for young catcher, Joe Garagiola. With the Braves he once more resumed the role of a backup catcher behind another All-Star catcher, Phil Masi. O'Dea played in his final MLB game on August 6, 1946.

paragraph: Section::::MLB statistics and death.

paragraph: In a twelve-year MLB career, O'Dea played in 832 games, accumulating 560 hits in 2,195 at bats for a .255 career batting average, along with 40 home runs, 323 runs batted in and an on-base percentage of .338. He ended his career with a .983 fielding percentage, which was 4 points higher than the league average during his playing career. O'Dea appeared in five World Series (1935, 1938, 1942, 1943, 1944), batting .462 (6-for-13) with one home run and six RBI in post-season play. He was also valuable as a left-handed pinch hitter, leading the National League with 42 pinch-hitting appearances in . Over the span of five World Series appearances, he set a since-broken record of three pinch hits in series competitions.

paragraph: O'Dea died on December 17, , at the age of 72 in his hometown of Lima, New York.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Ken O'Dea

wikipedia_title: Ken O'Dea


text: Vespasian

text: Sabratha

text: Augustus

text: Flavius Liberalis

text: quaestor

text: equestrian

text: Domitilla the Younger

text: Titus

text: Domitian

text: Saint Flavia Domitilla

text: Vespasian

text: Titus

text: Domitian

text: Sabratha

categories: People from Sabratha,Flavii,Ancient Roman women,Year of death uncertain,1st-century Romans,Year of birth unknown,1st-century deaths,Flavian dynasty

paragraph: Domitilla the Elder

paragraph: Flavia Domitilla Major ("Major", Latin for "the elder") Flavia Domitilla the Elder or Domitilla the Elder (died before 69, perhaps c. 65) was the wife of the Roman Emperor Vespasian.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Flavia Domitilla was born in Sabratha to Italian colonists who had moved there during the reign of Augustus. She was a daughter of Flavius Liberalis, a humble quaestor’s clerk. Before her marriage, she was a formal mistress to an equestrian.

paragraph: Vespasian married her around AD 38. She was the mother of Domitilla the Younger and of the emperors Titus and Domitian. She died before Vespasian became emperor.

paragraph: She was the grandmother of Saint Flavia Domitilla, daughter of Domitilla the Younger.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vespasian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domitian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sabratha

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Monaca V. Flavia Domitilla as delicata. A New Interpretation of Suetonius, Vesp. 3 // Ancient Society, vol. 43, 2013, P. 191-212.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Various Roman coinage of Domitilla the Elder

description: wife of the Roman Emperor Vespasian

wikidata_label: Domitilla the Elder

wikipedia_title: Domitilla the Elder


text:
Roman Emperor
Vespasian
Flavia Domitilla the Elder
Titus
Domitian
Quintus Petillius Cerialis
saint
Flavia Domitilla
deified
Domitian
Augusta

categories: Flavii,Ancient Roman women,45 births,1st-century Roman women,1st-century Romans,60s deaths,Deified people,Flavian dynasty

paragraph: Domitilla the Younger

paragraph: Flavia Domitilla the Younger or Flavia Domitilla Minor (c. 45 – c. 66) was the only daughter of the Roman Emperor Vespasian and Flavia Domitilla the Elder. Her elder brother was Titus, and her younger brother Domitian. At the age of fifteen, she was married to Quintus Petillius Cerialis, with whom she had a daughter, the later Christian saint Flavia Domitilla.

paragraph: Domitilla died before Vespasian became emperor in 69. She was later deified by her younger brother Domitian, who also bestowed the honorific title of "Augusta" upon her.

description: Ancient Roman woman

wikidata_label: Domitilla the Younger

wikipedia_title: Domitilla the Younger


text:
oil executive
businessman
The State of Israel Bond Drive
Palestine
Zionist
State of Israel
David Ben-Gurion
Haganah
New York Post
Dorothy Schiff
financier
Jacob Schiff

categories: 1898 births,Haganah,20th-century American businesspeople,American Jews,Zionists,Arms traders,1986 deaths

paragraph: Rudolf Sonneborn

paragraph: Rudolf Goldschmid Sonneborn (June 22, 1898 – June 1, 1986) was an oil executive, businessman, and onetime President of The State of Israel Bond Drive

paragraph: In 1919 (aged 20) Rudolf visited Palestine from January to August, acting as the 'Secretary to the Zionist Commission'. He was investigating the feasibility of creating an independent Jewish State of Israel on its territory, achieved 29 years later on May 14, 1948. A detailed account of his trip was recorded in 'Letters Home'.

paragraph: On July 1, 1945, David Ben-Gurion asked a small gathering of American-Jewish activists at Mr. Sonneborn's apartment to send supplies to the Jewish community and its military force, the Haganah. The group became a secretive, nationwide organization led by Mr. Sonnenborn, Materials for Israel, also known as the Sonneborn Institute. Sonneborn was the fourth husband of "New York Post" owner and publisher Dorothy Schiff, a granddaughter of the American financier Jacob Schiff.

description: American businessman

wikidata_label: Rudolf Sonneborn

wikipedia_title: Rudolf Sonneborn


text:
thoroughbred
jockey
Canada
King's Plate
Toronto
Woodbine Racetrack
butcher
St. Simon
Ontario
New York Times

categories: 1940 deaths,1894 births,Canadian jockeys,Queen's Plate

paragraph: Harry Watts (jockey)

paragraph: Harry Watts was a Canadian thoroughbred horse racing jockey. He won the 56th running of Canada's King's Plate race in 1915 on the horse Tartarean.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Watts was born in 1894 in Toronto. On May 22, 1915, at Woodbine Racetrack, Watts rode Tartarean to victory for the King's Plate, finishing in 2:09.20. Watts' brother, Richard, was also a professional thoroughbred jockey. After a successful career as a jockey, Watts retired from the sport, and became a butcher. He married Myrtle E McEwan, and together they had three children. The family owned a longstanding butcher shop in Toronto's East York until Watts' death in 1940, in Toronto. He is buried in Toronto's historic St John Norway's Church Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Tartarean.

paragraph: Tartarean is described as following in Louis E. Cauz's "The Plate, A Royal Tradition":

paragraph: Tartarean was a bay colt by Stanhope II, a grandson of St. Simon, from Tarletan by Uhlan. He was bred by the Pontiac Stud owned by Mrs. Lily A. Livingston, owned by Charles Millar, trained by Jonn Nixon, and ridden by Harry Watts. Charles Millar came to own Tartarean and stablemate Fair Montague, who finished second, because of a rule at the time which dictated that horse owners in Ontario not only had to be residents but had to be British subjects. Mrs. Livingston, the breeder of both runners, was an American citizen. She did receive $500 from the OJC as the breeder of the winner though.

paragraph: Section::::May 22, 1915: The King's Plate race.

paragraph: Watts, trainer Nixon, and Tartaren's owner Millar were all Toronto citizens, racing in their home town for the country's most prestigious horse racing trophy. Their victory was celebrated as a victory for the city of Toronto.

paragraph: A special segment titled "King's Plate For Toronto" appearing in the New York Times on May 22, 1915 described the "classic event", and surrounding excitement, as follows:

paragraph: The King's Plate of 1915, which will go down into Canadian turf history as one of the best contested events in many years, was a thorough Toronto victory. [...] Wagering on the plate was unusually heavy, the heaviest, in fact, for years if the crush and turmoil around the machines was any indication.

paragraph: Race favourte, Lady Curzon, was a fourth place finisher, out performed by Pepper Sauce in third, Fair Montague in second, and Tartaren in first. While Fair Montague maintained a lead for most of the race, she "could not stall off the irresistible challenger of Tartarean, which captured the honours in the final stride."

paragraph: Tartarean's performance during the King's cup race was described as following by Louis E. Cauz:

paragraph: His time for the 10 furlongs on a good track was 2:09.1, five seconds off the track record. "Tartarean followed the leaders until the far turn, then moved up steadily and, finishing fast, outstayed Fair Montague in a close finish." He won by a neck with four lengths separating second and third positions.

description: Canadian Jockey

wikidata_label: Harry Watts

wikipedia_title: Harry Watts (jockey)


text:
Norwegian
saxophone
clarinet
Eick/Viddal Duo
Oslo
University of Oslo
Trude Eick
Friensemblet

categories: Norwegian jazz clarinetists,Musicians from Oslo,1969 births,Norwegian classical clarinetists,Norwegian jazz composers,21st-century saxophonists,Norwegian jazz saxophonists,Living people

paragraph: Mathilde Grooss Viddal

paragraph: Mathilde Grooss Viddal (born 6 May 1969) is a Norwegian musician (saxophone and clarinet) and composer, known as the leader of Friensemblet and as member of bands like Lucky Loop and Eick/Viddal Duo.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Viddal was born in Oslo. She released albums "Undergroove" (2012) with her band Friensemblet, including live takes at Victoria, the Norwegian Nasjonal Jazzscene in Oslo, where she presents her more or less uklassifiserbare compositions, representing free spirited contemporary music full of improvisation and freewheeling elements. The collaboration was formed in 2004 by the name Chateau Neuf Friensemble, with a history from the 1960s University Big Band and the musical environment surrounding the Department of Musicology at University of Oslo. She also runs her own record label Giraffa Records. With Trude Eick she cooperates in the Eick/Viddal Duo and released the album "November Log" (2008).

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friensemblet/Chateau Neuf Fri Ensemble

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Holding Balance" (Giraffa Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "ComeCloser" (Giraffa Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Undergroove" (Giraffa Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eick/Viddal Duo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "November Log" (Giraffa Records)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friensemblet on MySpace

description: Musician and composer

wikidata_label: Mathilde Grooss Viddal

wikipedia_title: Mathilde Grooss Viddal


text:
Australian rules football
Carlton
Victorian Football League
Chris Cameron's profile

categories: Australian military personnel of World War I,1966 deaths,Carlton Football Club players,1894 births,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

paragraph: Chris Cameron (footballer)

paragraph: Christopher Aldane Nickels Cameron (22 May 1894 – 15 August 1966) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chris Cameron's profile at Blueseum

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Chris Cameron

wikipedia_title: Chris Cameron (footballer)


text: cardinal of the Catholic Church

text: Bairo

text: Piedmont

text: Turin

text: Pontifical Roman Seminary

text: doctorate in utroque iure

text: Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy

text: Holy See

text: Jerusalem

text: Secretariat of State

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: Cardinal-Deacon

text: Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re

text: Cardinal Priest

text: Sant'Onofrio

text: motu proprio

text: Pius XII

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Knights of Malta

text: Archbishop

text: John Patrick Foley

text: Roman Curia

categories: Diplomats of the Holy See,People from the Province of Turin,Apostolic Nuncios to Lebanon,Apostolic Nuncios to Brazil,2015 deaths,Apostolic Nuncios to San Marino,Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II,Italian cardinals,Apostolic Nuncios to Italy,Italian titular archbishops,1921 births,Apostolic Nuncios to Peru,Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni,Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni

paragraph: Carlo Furno

paragraph: Carlo Furno (2 December 1921 – 9 December 2015) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Furno was born in Bairo, Piedmont in 1921. He was educated at the diocesan College at Ivrea and later at the Seminary of Ivrea, where he studied philosophy and theology. He was sent to the Theological Faculty, Crocetto Salesian Athenaeum in Turin, 1948–1949 and later the Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome where he took a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, 1953). Furno was summoned to the elite Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome from 1951–1953 where he took practical courses in diplomacy. After his priestly ordination on 25 June 1944 and six years of pastoral work in his home diocese, he began a career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.

paragraph: He worked in a subordinate role in Colombia, Ecuador to and Jerusalem, and then in the Secretariat of State. Following these assignments episcopal consecration on 16 September 1973, he served as Apostolic Nuncio (Papal Ambassador) successively to Peru, Lebanon, Brazil and Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Cardinal.

paragraph: He was created Cardinal-Deacon of Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re on 26 November 1994. After ten years he opted to become Cardinal Priest of that church. From 2005 until his death in late 2015 he was Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Onofrio, in recognition that the church is the Order's headquarters after the 15 August 1948, motu proprio of Pius XII establishing that the Order's headquarters should be transferred from Jerusalem to Rome. Pope John Paul II appointed him Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem on 16 December 1995. The aforementioned Order, like the Knights of Malta, is a member of many international bodies and has observer status at others (such as the United Nations).

paragraph: Cardinal Furno resigned this office in June 2007 and was succeeded by American Archbishop John Patrick Foley, who had been serving as the President of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, an important department of the Roman Curia.

paragraph: Cardinal Furno died on 9 December 2015 at the age of 94.

description: Italian Roman Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Carlo Furno

wikipedia_title: Carlo Furno


text:
Islamic prophet
Muhammad
Persian
Sahabah
Medina
Battle of the Trench
Zoroastrian
Christianity
Muhammad
Al-Mada'in
Ahl al-Bayt
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Kazerun
Fars Province
Isfahan
Isfahan Province
Persia
Ramhormoz
Zoroastrian
magus
priest
fire temple
Nestorian
Syria
Muhammad
Arabian Peninsula
Medina
Abu Hurairah
Bible
Quran
Luqman
Medina
Arabian
Sasanian Empire
Ali
Al-Mada'in
Muhajirun
Ansar
translated the Quran
Persian
Uthman ibn Affan
AH
Julian calendar
Salman Al-Farsi Mosque
Al-Mada'in
Isfahan
Jerusalem
Shias
Twelver
hadith
twelve Imāms
Sufi
Naqshbandi
Oveyssi-Shahmaghsoudi
Naqshbandi
List of non-Arab Sahabah
Sulaym ibn Qays
Salmān al-Farsi

categories: 568 births,Iranian emigrants to Iraq,Iranian former Christians,Male Sahabah,Year of birth missing,Converts to Christianity from Zoroastrianism,Translators of the Quran into Persian,Iranian Muslims,6th-century Iranian people,Sahabah favored by Shias,654 deaths,Iraqi people of Iranian descent,7th-century Iranian people,Converts to Islam from Christianity,People from Kazerun

image: 512px-تخطيط_اسم_سلمان_الفارسي.png

paragraph: Salman the Persian

paragraph: Salman the Persian or Salman al-Farsi ( Salmān al-Fārisī), born Rouzbeh (), was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the first Persian who converted to Islam. During some of his later meetings with the other Sahabah, he was referred to as Abu Abdullah ("Father of Abdullah"). He is credited with the suggestion of digging a trench around Medina when it was attacked by Mecca in the Battle of the Trench. He was raised as a Zoroastrian, then attracted to Christianity, and then converted to Islam after meeting Muhammad in the city of Yathrib, which later became Medina. According to some traditions, he was appointed as the governor of Al-Mada'in in Iraq. According to popular tradition, Muhammad considered Salman as part of his household ("Ahl al-Bayt"). He was a renowned follower of Ali ibn Abi Talib after the death of Muhammad.

paragraph: Section::::Birth and early life.

paragraph: Salman was a Persian born either in the city of Kazerun in Fars Province, or Isfahan in Isfahan Province, Persia. In a hadith, Salman also traced his ancestry to Ramhormoz. The first sixteen years of his life were devoted to studying to become a Zoroastrian "magus" or priest after which he became the guardian of a fire temple, which was a well-respected job. Three years later in 587 he met a Nestorian Christian group and was impressed by them. Against the wishes of his father, he left his family to join them. His family imprisoned him afterwards to prevent him but he escaped.

paragraph: He traveled around the Middle East to discuss his ideas with priests, theologians and scholars in his quest for the truth. During his stay in Syria, he heard of Muhammad, whose coming has been predicted by Salman's last Christian teacher on his deathbed. Afterwards and during his journey to the Arabian Peninsula, he was betrayed and sold to a Jew in Medina. After meeting Muhammad, he recognized the signs that the monk had described to him. He converted to Islam and secured his freedom with the help of Muhammad.

paragraph: Abu Hurairah said to have referred to Salman as "Abu Al Kitabayn" (The father of the two books, i.e., the Bible and the Quran) and Ali is said to have referred to him as Luqman al-Hakeem (Luqman the wise - reference to a wise man in the Quran known for his wise statements)

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: It was Salman who came up with the idea of digging a great trench around the city of Medina to defend the city against the army of 10,000 Arabian non-Muslims. Muhammad and his companions accepted Salman's plan because it was safer and there would be a better chance that the non-Muslim army would have a larger number of casualties.

paragraph: Salman participated in the conquest of the Sasanian Empire and became the first governor of Sasanid capital after its fall at the time of the second Rashidun Caliph. According to some other sources, however, he disappeared from public life after Muhammad's death; until 656 when Ali became Caliph, and appointed Salman as the governor of Al-Mada'in at the age of 88.

paragraph: While some sources gather Salman with the "Muhajirun", other sources narrate that during the Battle of the Trench, one of Muhajirun stated "Salman is one of us, Muhajirun", but this was challenged by the Muslims of Medina (also known as the "Ansar"). A lively argument began between the two groups with each of them claiming Salman belonged to their group and not to the other one. Muhammad arrived on the scene and heard the argument. He was amused by the claims but soon put an end to the argument by saying: "Salaman is neither Muhajir nor Ansar. He is one of us. He is one of the People of the House."

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He translated the Quran into Persian, thus becoming the first person to interpret and translate the Quran into a foreign language.

paragraph: Salman is said to have written the following poem on his enshrouding cotton:

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: When exactly Salman died is unknown, however it was probably during Uthman ibn Affan's reign or the second year of Ali's reign. One source states that he died in 32 AH/652 or 653 AD in the Julian calendar, while another source says he died during Uthman's era in 35 AH/655 or 656 AD. Other sources state that he died during Ali's reign.

paragraph: His tomb is located in Salman Al-Farsi Mosque in Al-Mada'in, or according to some others in Isfahan, Jerusalem and elsewhere.

paragraph: Section::::Views.

paragraph: Section::::Views.:Shia view.

paragraph: Shias, Twelvers in particular, hold Salman in high esteem for a hadith attributed to him, in which all twelve Imāms were mentioned to him by name, from Muhammad.

paragraph: Ali Asgher Razwy, a 20th-century Shia Twelver Islamic scholar states:

paragraph: Section::::Views.:Sufi view.

paragraph: Salman is also well known as prominent figure in Sufi traditions. Sufi orders such as Qadriyya and Baktashiyya and Naqshbandi have Salman in their Isnad of their brotherhood. In the Oveyssi-Shahmaghsoudi order and Naqshbandi order, Salman is the third person in the chain connecting devotees with Muhammad.

paragraph: He also founded Futuwwa along with Ali ibn abi Talib.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of non-Arab Sahabah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sulaym ibn Qays

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salmān al-Farsi

description: companion of Muhammad the Prophet; first Persian convert to Islam Scilian Italian & Asia

wikidata_label: Salman the Persian

wikipedia_title: Salman the Persian


text: Istria

text: philosopher

text: astronomer

text: astrologer

text: mathematician

text: translator

text: Adelard of Bath

text: John of Seville

text: Gerard of Cremona

text: Plato of Tivoli

text: Istria

text: Duchy of Carinthia

text: Benedictine

text: Chartres

text: Thierry of Chartres

text: school of Chartres

text: Robert of Ketton

text: Constantinople

text: Damascus

text: Peter the Venerable

text: Islam

text: Qur'an

text: Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete

text: Basel

text: Theodor Bibliander

text: Martin Luther

text: Euclid's Elements

text: Claudius Ptolemy

text: Planisphaerium

text: Toulouse

text: Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-Majriti

text: Córdoba

text: scholastics

text: Istanbul

text: Sahl ibn Bishr

text: Greek

text: John of Seville

text: divination

text: Abu Ma'shar

text: astronomy

text: astrology

text: Augsburg

text: Venice

text: Roger of Hereford

text: Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī

text: Adelard of Bath

text: Hugo of Santalla

text: al-Kindi

text: Hermes

text: Asclepius

text: Aristotelian

text: causa

text: motus

text: spatium

text: tempus

text: habitudo

text: Béziers

text: Abu Mas'har

text: al-Kindi

text: Mashallah

text: Sidon

text: Astrolabe

text: Albertus Magnus

text: Thomas Aquinas

text: Latin translations of the 12th century

categories: Duchy of Carinthia,12th-century births,Austrian philosophers,12th-century astronomers,12th-century astrologers,Slovenian philosophers,12th-century translators,12th-century mathematicians,1160 deaths,Arabic–Latin translators,Translators of the Quran into Latin

paragraph: Herman of Carinthia

paragraph: Herman of Carinthia (c. 1100 – c. 1160), also nicknamed "Hermannus Dalmata" ("the Dalmatian"), "Sclavus" ("the Slav") or "Secundus" ("the Second"), was an Istrian philosopher, astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, translator and author.

paragraph: Among Adelard of Bath, John of Seville, Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187) and Plato of Tivoli (1134–1145) Herman is the most important translator of Arabic astronomical works in 12th century and populariser of Arabic culture in Europe. The influence of his translations on the development of medieval European astronomy was especially large.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In his own account he was born in "central Istria" circa 1100, then part of the Duchy of Carinthia. He died circa 1160.

paragraph: Most likely he went to a Benedictine monastic school in Istria. He went on to study in France. It was probably in France that Herman's attention was drawn to the classical texts which were becoming available via Arabic sources. This was before the time of the first university in France, but at Chartres he attended one of the cathedral schools which were the predecessors of universities and he also studied in Paris in the 1130s.

paragraph: The teachers at Chartres included Thierry of Chartres to whom Herman was to dedicate a translation in 1143. The school of Chartres was known for its interests in Christian platonism and the natural sciences.

paragraph: One of Herman's fellow students in France was Robert of Ketton with whom he travelled for four years in the Eastern Mediterranean. Both men became translators from the Arabic. At Constantinople and Damascus Herman took note of the Arabic science of that period. Circa 1138 he returned to Europe, and was active as a scholar in Spain (an important country for translations from the Arabic) and southern France. A huge part of his work remained anonymous.

paragraph: Section::::Translation of Qur'an and other Islamic works.

paragraph: In 1142 Herman was in Spain and became involved in an important project to translate Islamic texts.

paragraph: Peter the Venerable recruited a team, including Herman, to translate five texts about Islam into Latin. Different members of the team appear to have concentrated on different works, and Herman is credited as the main translator of two of them: "De generatione Muhamet et nutritura eius" and "Doctrina Muhamet".

paragraph: The most significant translation in the collection was that of the Qur'an. This was entitled Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete and was the first known translation of the Qur'an into a European language. Robert of Ketton was its principal translator, according to most sources (including the "Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete" itself). However, Herman may have had some input, given the team nature of the project.

paragraph: Despite being an imperfect translation, "Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete" remained the standard one for centuries, circulating in manuscript before being printed in the 1543 edition published in Basel by Theodor Bibliander. In this edition both Herman's above-mentioned translations of treatises about Islam appeared together with a preface by Martin Luther.

paragraph: Section::::Translations of the classics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Euclid – "Euclidis geometria (Elementa)". Herman translated Euclid's Elements around 1140, possibly in collaboration with Robert of Ketton. (There were also other twelfth century translations).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ptolemy – the Latin translation of Claudius Ptolemy's work "Planisphaerium" is a significant work which was produced in Toulouse in 1143.

paragraph: Herman translated it from an Arabic translation from the Greek (jointly with commentaries of Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-Majriti, who worked in Córdoba in the 10th century). Western European scholastics became aware of Ptolemy's astronomical views via this translation dedicated to Thierry of Chartres. (This translation was for a long time believed to be the only surviving link to Ptolemy's original. Later another Arabic translation was found to have been preserved in Istanbul).

paragraph: Section::::Astrology and astronomy.

paragraph: Herman's first known translation was the sixth book of an astrological treatise "Liber sextus astronomie" by the Jewish writer Sahl ibn Bishr. It was released in Spain in 1138 under the title "Zaelis fatidica" ("Prophesy"). Sahl ibn Bishr had been writing in the Greek astrological tradition. Ibn Bishr's first five books were preserved in the translation of John of Seville (Johannes Hispanus) (circa 1090 – circa 1150). The sixth book deals with three thematic topics regarding the influences on the world and its inhabitants. The work contains divinations based on the movements of the planets and comets.

paragraph: Circa 1140 Herman translated into Latin the astronomical work of Abu Ma'shar "Kitab al-madkhal ila ilm ahkam al nujum" ("Introduction to Astronomy"). The work contains problems from Greek philosophy, Arabic astronomy and Eastern astrology, and was first translated into Latin by John of Seville in 1133. Herman's less literal translation was published several times under the title "Liber introductorius in astronomiam Albumasaris, Abalachii" (Augusta Vindelicorum, Augsburg 1489; Venice 1495 and 1506). A large part of Herman's translation was copied into Roger of Hereford's "Book of Astronomical Judgements".

paragraph: Herman produced a version of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī's astronomical tables ("zij") – they were also translated in 1126 by Adelard of Bath (1075–1164).

paragraph: Charles Burnett (2001) postulates that Herman collaborated with Robert of Ketton and Hugo of Santalla on the "Liber novem iudicum" (the Book of Nine Judges), a collection of translations of Arabic astrologers, notably al-Kindi. Their project may have been to supplant the current superstitious Latin astrology with Arabic astronomical science. Arabic texts cite often Hermes as an authority. Burnett postulates that Renaissance magi merely continued this Hermetic tradition begun by Herman, Robert and Hugh. Herman shares technical terminology with Hugh and a penchant for evocation of the "Asclepius", most notably in "De essentiis" (see below)

paragraph: Section::::Original contributions.

paragraph: His original contribution to philosophy was "De essentiis" ("On essences"). In this work Herman deals with five Aristotelian categories (causa, motus, spatium, tempus, habitudo). He started to write this treatise in 1143 in Toulouse and he completed it the same year in Béziers. In 1982 this book was reprinted in Germany.

paragraph: Some other works are believed to be Herman's:

paragraph: BULLET::::- meteorological "Liber imbrium" ("A book about precipitations") (1140 to 1141)

paragraph: BULLET::::- astrological "De indagatione cordis" ("About heart researches") (after 1140)

paragraph: In the text (or "a manuscript", the syntax of this article was not clear) of "De indagatione cordis" there are many names of scientists and scholars whose work Herman knew and used: Abu Mas'har (787–886), Sahl ibn Bishr, Aomar Tiberia, Abu al-Kindi (801–873), the eighth-century Jewish astrologer Al Batrig Mashallah (Messahalla), Hermes, and Dorotheos of Sidon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- mathematical and astronomical "De mensura, De utilitatibus astrolabii", "De compositione et usu astrolabii" (before 1143 – Herman was certainly interested in the Astrolabe – the portrait shows Herman with one)

paragraph: Many medieval authors refer to Herman's work, for instance Albert the Great (Albert von Bollstädt, Albertus Magnus), instructor to Thomas Aquinas, in his work "Speculum astronomiae".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Latin translations of the 12th century

paragraph: De Essentiis, A Critical Edition with Translation and Commentary by Charles Burnett. E.J.Brill, 1982.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De indagatione cordis". The complete Latin text was made available in a critical edition by Sheila Low-Beer in her doctoral dissertation "Herman of Carinthia: The Liber imbriam, The Fatidica and the De indagatione Cordis", The City University of New York.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Círculo Románico – Hermann of Carinthia and the transmission of knowledge

paragraph: BULLET::::- Istria on the Internet, Prominent Istrians – Herman Dalmatin

description: medieval philosopher, astronomer and scientist

wikidata_label: Herman of Carinthia

wikipedia_title: Herman of Carinthia