text: golf

text: LPGA Tour

text: major championships

text: World Golf Hall of Fame

text: Patty Sheehan & Friends

text: Legends Tour

text: Middlebury, Vermont

text: Earl Wooster High School

text: Reno, Nevada

text: U.S. Women's Amateur

text: AIAW

text: intercollegiate golf champion

text: Curtis Cup

text: Broderick Award

text: University of Nevada

text: San Jose State University

text: Collegiate Golf Hall of Fame

text: National High School Hall of Fame

text: LPGA Tour

text: LPGA Rookie of the Year

text: Mazda Japan Classic

text: LPGA Championship

text: LPGA Tour Player of the Year

text: Sports Illustrated

text: Sportsman of the Year

text: 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

text: U.S. Women's Open

text: Betsy King

text: U.S. Women's Open

text: Mazda LPGA Championship

text: Nabisco Dinah Shore

text: Women's British Open

text: Solheim Cup

text: lesbian

text: majors

text: Women's British Open

text: Mazda Japan Classic

text: Mazda Japan Classic

text: Daikin Orchid Ladies

text: Pat Bradley

text: Cindy Rarick

text: Jan Stephenson

text: Wendy's 3-Tour Challenge

text: Nancy Lopez

text: Dottie Mochrie

text: JCPenney/LPGA Skins Game

text: Curtis Cup

text: Solheim Cup

text: Handa Cup

text: Patty Sheehan bio at about.com

categories: Golfers from Nevada,American people of Irish descent,LGBT people from Nevada,LPGA Tour golfers,National High School Hall of Fame inductees,San Jose State Spartans women's golfers,1956 births,LGBT people from Vermont,American female golfers,People from Middlebury, Vermont,World Golf Hall of Fame inductees,Golfers from Vermont,LGBT golfers,Solheim Cup competitors for the United States,LGBT sportspeople from the United States,Sportspeople from Reno, Nevada,Winners of LPGA major golf championships,Lesbian sportswomen

paragraph: Patty Sheehan

paragraph: Patty Sheehan (born October 27, 1956) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1980 and won six major championships and 35 LPGA Tour events in all. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Sheehan also hosts the Patty Sheehan & Friends, which is a tournament on the Legends Tour. Patty Sheehan & Friends helps aid women and children's charities all across Northern Nevada.

paragraph: Section::::Amateur career.

paragraph: Sheehan was born in Middlebury, Vermont. She was rated one of the top junior snow skiers in the country as a 13-year-old. She attended Earl Wooster High School in Reno, Nevada. She won three straight Nevada high school championships (1972–74), three straight Nevada State Amateurs (1975–78) and two straight California Women's Amateurs (1977–78). She was the runner-up at the 1979 U.S. Women's Amateur, then was the 1980 AIAW national individual intercollegiate golf champion. She went 4-0 as a member of the 1980 U.S. Curtis Cup team. She won the Broderick Award in 1980. She attended University of Nevada and San Jose State University. She is a member of both the Collegiate Golf Hall of Fame and the National High School Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Sheehan turned professional and joined the LPGA Tour in 1980. She won LPGA Rookie of the Year honors in 1981 with her first professional victory coming at the Mazda Japan Classic. She was strong throughout the 1980s, winning four times in both 1983 and 1984, and winning the LPGA Championship in both seasons. She won LPGA Tour Player of the Year in 1983 and was one of several athletes named "Sports Illustrated" Sportsman of the Year in 1987. Sheehan suffered a loss personally in 1989, when her home and possessions were destroyed in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. She also suffered a professional loss in 1990, when after holding an 11-shot lead during the third round of the U.S. Women's Open, she lost the tournament to Betsy King.

paragraph: Sheehan started off the 1990s with five wins in 1990. She won the U.S. Women's Open in 1992 and 1994, the Mazda LPGA Championship in 1995, and the Nabisco Dinah Shore (now known as the Kraft Nabisco Championship) in 1996. That would be her final LPGA victory. She qualified for the LPGA Hall of Fame by winning her 30th tournament in 1993. She finished in the Top 10 on the LPGA money list every year from 1982 to 1993. While she never led, she did finish second five times in that span. When she won the U.S. Women's Open and the Women's British Open in 1992, she became the first golfer to win both in the same year.

paragraph: Sheehan played on the U.S. Solheim Cup team five times (1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2002) and captained the team in 2002 and 2003.

paragraph: Sheehan became one of the first LPGA players to publicly announce that she was a lesbian. Sheehan and her partner Rebecca Gaston have two adopted children.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:LPGA Tour wins (35).

paragraph: LPGA Tour playoff record (5–7)

paragraph: LPGA majors are shown in bold.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:Ladies European Tour wins (1).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 (1) Women's British Open

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:LPGA of Japan Tour wins (3).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 (1) Mazda Japan Classic

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 (1) Mazda Japan Classic

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 (1) Daikin Orchid Ladies

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:Legends Tour wins (3).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 Copps Great Lakes Classic

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 BJ's Charity Championship (with Pat Bradley; tie with Cindy Rarick and Jan Stephenson)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 World Ladies Senior Open

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins.:Other wins (2).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 Wendy's 3-Tour Challenge (with Nancy Lopez and Dottie Mochrie)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 JCPenney/LPGA Skins Game

paragraph: Section::::Major championships.

paragraph: Section::::Major championships.:Wins (6).

paragraph: In an 18-hole playoff, Sheehan 72, Inkster 74.

paragraph: Section::::Team appearances.

paragraph: Amateur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Curtis Cup (representing the United States): 1980 (winners)

paragraph: Professional

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solheim Cup (representing the United States): 1990 (winners), 1992, 1994 (winners), 1996 (winners)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Handa Cup (representing the United States): 2006 (winners), 2007 (winners), 2008 (winners), 2009 (winners), 2010 (winners), 2011 (winners), 2012 (tie, Cup retained)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of golfers with most LPGA Tour wins

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of golfers with most LPGA major championship wins

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patty Sheehan bio at about.com

description: professional golfer

wikidata_label: Patty Sheehan

wikipedia_title: Patty Sheehan


text: Jewish

text: football

text: Mandatory Palestine

text: Maccabi Tel Aviv

text: Beitar Tel Aviv

text: Irgun

text: British Army

text: Vitebsk

text: Russian Republic

text: October Revolution

text: Soviet Russia

text: Eretz Israel

text: Tel Aviv

text: Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium

text: Nordia Gymnasium

text: American University of Beirut

text: Maccabi Tel Aviv

text: tour of North America

text: 1938 FIFA World Cup qualification

text: Beitar Tel Aviv

text: top division

text: Hajduk Split

text: Beitar Tel Aviv

text: Mandatory Government

text: Maccabi Tel Aviv

text: Haganah

text: Irgun

text: Menashiya

text: league championship

text: Maccabi Tel Aviv

text: Beitar Tel Aviv

text: Israel State Cup

categories: Association footballers not categorized by position,Belarusian Jews,Irgun members,Israeli footballers,People from Tel Aviv,People from Vitebsk,Mandatory Palestine people,Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. players,1917 births,Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. players,American University of Beirut alumni,Israeli people of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War,Herzliya Gymnasia alumni,1948 deaths

paragraph: Natan Panz

paragraph: Natan Panz (), (September 28, 1917 – April 28, 1948) was a Jewish football player from Mandatory Palestine, who played for Maccabi Tel Aviv and Beitar Tel Aviv, as well as playing one match with the Mandatory Palestine national football team. He was also an Irgun member, and was killed during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine in battle with the British Army.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Panz was born in Vitebsk, then in the Russian Republic, shortly before the October Revolution. In 1921 the family left Soviet Russia to Eretz Israel and settled in Tel Aviv. Panz studied in Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium and Nordia Gymnasium and later in the American University of Beirut, and worked as a clerk in the Tel Aviv municipality.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Panz started playing football in Maccabi Tel Aviv's youth team, and appeared for the senior team at an early age. Panz's performance during Maccabi's tour of North America, landed him an offer to join a New York club, but Panz refused. Panz won two championships, in 1936 and 1937 and made one appearance with the Mandatory Palestine national football team, against Greece, during 1938 FIFA World Cup qualification.

paragraph: In 1939, Panz transferred to Beitar Tel Aviv, and led the club to promotion to the top division. During the following years, the club won two cups (1940 and 1942) and a joint-championship (1945), as well as finishing as runners-up both in the league and the cup. Panz also took part in Beitar's victory over Hajduk Split in 1944.

paragraph: In 1947, after Beitar Tel Aviv was forced to disband by the Mandatory Government and was reformed as Nordia Tel Aviv, Panz refused to appear in the newly reformed team and transferred back to Maccabi Tel Aviv.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: As the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine broke out, Panz aided both the Haganah and the Irgun in their defensive activities on the Jaffa frontline, before joining the Irgun, where he was appointed a ranking officer. He participated in a raid on a British munitions train in which arms were seized, helping enable the Irgun to attack Jaffa. On 25 April 1948, the Irgun launched an offensive on Jaffa, which was countered by British forces. Panz was commanding an armored vehicle in Menashiya, and was killed when a British armored vehicle shelled it.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- league championship (3):

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Maccabi Tel Aviv: 1935–36, 1937

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Beitar Tel Aviv: 1944–45 (joint-championship)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Israel State Cup (2):

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1940, 1942

description: football player

wikidata_label: Natan Panz

wikipedia_title: Natan Panz


text:
chemiosmotic
ATP
Norwich
Norwich High School for Girls
Norwich High School for Girls
Girton College
Cambridge University
Auxiliary Territorial Service
MI8
Marjory Stephenson
Peter D. Mitchell
Malcom Dixon
Malcolm Dixon
mitochondrial matrix
ATP synthase
calcium

wikipedia_title:
Chemiosmosis
Adenosine triphosphate
Norwich
Norwich High School for Girls
Norwich High School for Girls
Girton College, Cambridge
University of Cambridge
Auxiliary Territorial Service
MI8
Marjory Stephenson
Peter D. Mitchell
Malcolm Dixon
Malcolm Dixon
Mitochondrial matrix
ATP synthase
Calcium

categories: English biochemists,20th-century women scientists,2016 deaths,British women scientists,Women biochemists,1921 births,Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge

paragraph: Jennifer Moyle

paragraph: Jennifer Moyle (April 30, 1921 - August 1, 2016) was a British biochemist who helped discover the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis. She also conducted research on the properties of purified isocitric enzymes and calcium import in the mitochondria during cellular respiration.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Jennifer Moyle was born in Norwich, England and attended Norwich High School for Girls. She was the daughter of S.H. Leonard Moyle and Olive M. Dakin. She had a sister named Vivian, who also studied biochemistry.

paragraph: Moyle began schooling at Norwich High School for Girls in 1926 where she remained until entering Girton College of Cambridge University in 1939. While studying there, she earned a "Title of Bachelor of Arts Degree", the equivalent of modern-day Bachelor of Arts, in 1942. She specialized in Biochemistry, and also attended many lectures on philosophy.

paragraph: In 1955, Moyle began her PhD work at the University of Edinburgh, and was awarded a PhD in zoology in 1958.

paragraph: Moyle conducted a lot of research regarding cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, and properties of purified isocitric enzymes. She was a major contributor to the development of the chemiosmotic theory regarding ATP synthesis.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: Shortly after earning her degree, Moyle entered the Auxiliary Territorial Service during World War II. She went into military intelligence, where she soon become an intelligence officer in MI8. There, she was promoted to second in command of a section dealing with intelligence obtained from ciphers breaking German codes.

paragraph: After World War II, she continued service for another year helping teach servicemen how to return to civilian life.

paragraph: Section::::Research.

paragraph: Moyle began her career in biochemistry research in 1964 when she joined a Cambridge biochemistry lab. She began as an assistant to Marjory Stephenson, but after a few years Stevenson introduced Moyle to Peter D. Mitchell, with whom Moyle worked for the majority of her research career. Jennifer's main research focus was cellular respiration. for a short period, Moyle worked with Malcom Dixon, and the two focused their work on the purification of isocitric enzymes.

paragraph: Section::::Research.:Purified isocitric enzymes.

paragraph: Jennifer Moyle published an article on the properties of purified isocitric enzymes in August 1956 with Malcolm Dixon. The article describes the chemical and physical properties of isocitric enzymes, various reactions they are involved in, causes for their inactivation, and a hypothesis for the mechanism of reaction. Moyle and Dixon authored another paper regarding the isocitric enzyme Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide-linked isoCitric Dehydrogenase-Oxalosuccinic Carboxylase. The paper outlines the proper method of the purification of that enzyme.

paragraph: Section::::Research.:Chemiosmotic theory.

paragraph: One of Moyle's major contributions to the field of biochemistry is her contribution to the development of the chemiosmotic theory. Moyle conducted research with Peter Mitchell on chemiosmotic reactions and reaction mechanisms, which led to the development of the theory in 1967. The chemiosmotic theory explained the mechanism for oxidative phosphorylation, stating that ATP synthesis requires chemiosmosis to function. The proton gradient across the inner membrane of the mitochondria is created by the electron transport chain. This causes protons to re-enter the mitochondrial matrix through the protein ATP synthase. The movement of protons through this enzyme causes mechanical movement and a conformational change in the enzyme that combines ADP and inorganic phosphate to produce ATP. The proposal of the chemiosmotic theory was not accepted in the scientific community for over ten years until. When It finally was accepted, Peter Mitchell received a nobel prize for their work. While the nobel committee recognized Moyle's contributions, she did not receive a nobel prize.

paragraph: Section::::Research.:Mitochondria and cellular respiration.

paragraph: The chemiosmotic theory was radical at the time, and it was not immediately accepted by the scientific community. One experiment that Moyle and Mitchell conducted in 1967 was an investigation of ways to improve the precision at which the quotients of translocation of a proton to oxygen can be measured, and what the optimum conditions are for these measurements. Their goal was to improve the precision of that measurement in order to allow others to confirm their findings in the proposed chemiosmotic hypothesis. They conducted this experiment because the arrangement of the electron transport chain was only a hypothesis at the time, and it had been inferred from a quotient of protons translocated to oxygen in the chain (→H+/O). Moyle and Mitchell isolated mitochondria from a rat liver, measured pH displacement across the mitochondrial membrane, and computed the relationship between proton translocation and changes in pH. They found that the pulses of acidification of the inner membrane space of the mitochondria are due to the transport of H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space, and can't be attributed to the formation and breakdown of an intermediate as was previously hypothesized. Their work provided sufficient detail for others to reproduce their experiment and confirm their previous findings regarding the chemiosmotic theory.

paragraph: An article published jointly with Peter Mitchell in 1977 outlines their work regarding calcium import into mitochondria in the rat's liver during cellular respiration. In the article, they state that this import of calcium happens electrophoretically, and that evidence had already been obtained showing that one electric charge is translocated through a lanthanide-sensitive transporter system per a single calcium ion (Ca2+) imported. Moyle and Mitchell isolated rat liver mitochondria to investigate their hypothesis that the calcium transporter is in fact a calcium phosphate transporter, defined in the article as a "(Ca2)4+--HPO42- symporter." Their results were consistent with their hypothesis, showing that a lanthanide-sensitive (Ca2)4+--HPO42- symporter that is insensitive to NEM and mersalyl catalyzed calcium translocation in the mitochondria of the rat liver.

paragraph: Section::::Research colleagues.

paragraph: Section::::Research colleagues.:Peter D. Mitchell.

paragraph: Jennifer Moyle and Peter Mitchell were research colleagues for over thirty years, beginning around 1948 and continuing until Moyle’s retirement in 1983. They worked together on many research projects, including the development of the chemiosmotic theory. Moyle designed many of the experiments that were fundamental in testing the theory’s hypothesis, and she helped Mitchell win the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1978.

paragraph: Moyle and Mitchell also cofounded charitable research company known as Glynn Research Ltd., a research institute that promoted biological research from 1964 to 1987.

paragraph: Section::::Research colleagues.:Malcom Dixon.

paragraph: Jennifer Moyle and Malcom Dixon worked together for roughly two years. During this time together, they researched the properties of purified isocitric enzymes and published their findings.

description: British biochemist

wikidata_label: Jennifer Moyle

wikipedia_title: Jennifer Moyle


text:
British
dance music
DJ
record producer
DMC Publishing
Mixmag
Brothers In Rhythm
Steve Anderson
Pet Shop Boys
Kylie Minogue
record label
Renaissance
Global Underground
Garforth
Mixmag
Carl Cox
Sasha
John Digweed
Nick Warren
Masters at Work
Robert Miles
Renaissance
David Morales
BT
Global Underground: Buenos Aires
Back to Mine
Global Underground: Cape Town
Global Underground: Melbourne
Phil K
Luke Chable
Global Underground: Lithuania
The Selador Sessions
Official website

categories: People from Garforth,Progressive house musicians,English DJs,Electronic dance music DJs,English record producers,1968 births,English house musicians,Living people

paragraph: Dave Seaman

paragraph: Dave Seaman (born 29 April 1968) is a British dance music DJ and record producer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was formerly a member of the DMC Publishing, and editor of music magazine "Mixmag". He formed Brothers In Rhythm with Steve Anderson, doing production work for (amongst others) Pet Shop Boys and Kylie Minogue and remixes for David Bowie, New Order, U2, Michael Jackson and many more. He has since founded Audio Therapy record label and now runs Selador Recordings with Steve Parry. He is also well known for his releases in the famed Renaissance Masters Series and a number of releases for Global Underground.

paragraph: He went to school in Garforth, West Yorkshire.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Mix albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "Mixmag, Vol. 1" with Carl Cox (DMC)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "DJ Culture, Vol. 1" with Sasha and John Digweed (Stress Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "DJ Culture, Vol. 2" with Nick Warren (Stress Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Mixmag, Vol. 10" with Masters at Work (DMC)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "DJs at Work, Vol. 1" (Pimp Music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Renaissance Vol. 4" (Six 6)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Renaissance The Silk Mix"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Renaissance Worldwide: London" with Robert Miles (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: "Renaissance Worldwide: Singapore" with David Morales and BT (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Global Underground: Buenos Aires" (Boxed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Back to Mine" (DMC)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Renaissance Worldwide: America" (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Renaissance: Awakening" (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Global Underground: Cape Town" (Boxed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Renaissance: Desire" (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Global Underground: Melbourne" (Global Underground)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Therapy Sessions" with Phil K (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Therapy Sessions, Vol. 2" with Luke Chable (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "This is Audiotherapy" (Audio Therapy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Renaissance: The Masters Series, Part 7" (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Therapy Sessions, Vol.3 with Lexicon Avenue" (Audio Therapy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Therapy Sessions, Vol.4" (Audio Therapy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "" (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "" (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Global Underground: Lithuania" (Global Underground)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "" (Renaissance)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "The Selador Sessions" (Selador)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "" Armada

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "The Holy Ghost" (Tulipa)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Everything Come In Threes" (Tulipa)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Naughty Forest" (Selador)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Justified Replacement Of Lulu" (Selador)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Distraction Tactics" (Sullivan Room)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Right Side Of Wrong" (Sudbeat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Sparkle Motion" (Tulipa)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Dance In Tongues/Strobelight Symphony" (Noir)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Private Education" (Suara)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Gumball" (Hive Audio)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Nightfalls" (Selador)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Do Geese See God/Devil Never Even Lived" (Carioca)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: musician

wikidata_label: Dave Seaman

wikipedia_title: Dave Seaman


text:
Pamplona
Jiménez dynasty
Iñigo Arista
García Íñiguez
Fortún Garcés
Códice de Roda
Córdoba
interregnum
regent
Aybar
Emir of Córdoba
Galindo Aznárez II
Dadildis de Pallars
Raymond I of Pallars and Ribagorza
Sancho I
Jimeno
García Sánchez

categories: House of Jiménez,Year of birth unknown,9th-century people from the Kingdom of Pamplona,9th-century rulers in Europe,Navarrese monarchs

paragraph: García Jiménez of Pamplona

paragraph: García Jiménez was (sub- or co-) king of a part of Pamplona in the late 9th century.

paragraph: The Jiménez dynasty that would later rule the kingdom of Navarre originally held a territory within that realm distinct from that held by the descendants of Iñigo Arista. García is presumed to have succeeded his father in this role, either during the lifetime of King García Íñiguez or of his son King Fortún Garcés, and is called "king" by the "Códice de Roda", being of "another part of the kingdom" of Pamplona.

paragraph: There is no documentary evidence of García Jiménez playing any role in the government of the greater kingdom. However, such a role has been assigned to him. In 860, Fortún Garcés son and heir of king García Íñiguez, was imprisoned in Córdoba, and was kept there for 20 years. The traditional death date of García Íñiguez in 870 would have meant there was a "de facto" 10-year interregnum before the return of Fortún to the kingdom. It has been suggested that García Jiménez was called 'king' due to his service as regent during this period, lasting until he was killed at Aybar (882) in a battle against the Emir of Córdoba. On this basis, he is sometimes called García II. However, an alternative reconstruction would make the 882 casualty identical to García Íñiguez himself, thus allowing him to survive past his son's return, in which case no interregnum existed. There are likewise several references to a Sancho (presumably the son of García Íñiguez and younger brother of captive Fortún) being lord of Pamplona or 'king' in the 860s and 870s.

paragraph: The "Códice de Roda" shows García Jiménez to have married twice, firstly to Oneca, "Rebel of Sangüesa" with whom he had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Íñigo, called 'king' in the "Códice de Roda" when reporting his marriage to a granddaughter of Fortún Garcés of Pamplona, but not in his own entry as son of García Jiménez. He perhaps succeeded to his father's sub-kingdom (else the term is being used as an honorific rather than a title).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sancha, married as her first husband Íñigo Fortúnez, son of king Fortún Garcés of Pamplona, and subsequently remarried to Galindo Aznárez II, Count of Aragon.

paragraph: García Jiménez married secondly Dadildis de Pallars, sister of count Raymond I of Pallars and Ribagorza, having by her two sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sancho I, later sole king of Pamplona.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jimeno, tutor of his nephew García Sánchez and regent until his death on 29 May 931.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lacarra de Miguel, José María. "Textos navarros del Códice de Roda". "Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragon". 1:194-283 (1945).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pérez de Urbel, Justo. "Lo viejo y lo nuevo sobre el origin del Reino de Pamplona". "Al-Andalus". 19:1-42 (1954).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sánchez Albornoz, Claudio. "Problemas de la historia Navarra del siglo IX". "Princípe de Viana", 20:5-62 (1959).

description: King of Pamplona

wikidata_label: García Jiménez of Pamplona

wikipedia_title: García Jiménez of Pamplona


text:
King of Navarre
Kingdom of Aragon
Reconquista
Ramiro Sánchez
Sancho
García Sánchez III of Navarre
Cristina
Castilian
El Cid
Monzón
Logroño
Alfonso the Battler
Papacy
Ramiro
Alfonso VII of León and Castile
Pedro de Atarés
Sancho Ramírez, Count of Ribagorza
Pamplona
Bishop of Pamplona
Pact of Vadoluengo
Alfonso VII
Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
Zaragoza
Margaret of L'Aigle
Sancho VI
Blanche
Petronilla of Aragon
Sancho III of Castile
Margaret
William I of Sicily
Rodrigo
León
Urraca
Rioja
Castile
Alfonso I of Portugal
Reconquista
Almería
Tauste
Estella
Santa María la Real
Gaston V of Béarn
Pedro Manrique de Lara
Santa María de la Oliva
Carcastillo
Romanesque architecture
Margaret of L'Aigle
Geoffrey II, Count of Perche
Sancho Garcés
King of Navarre
Sancha of Castile
Alfonso VII of León
King of Galicia
León
Castile
Blanche
Sancho III of Castile
King of Castile
Margaret
William I
King of Sicily
Rodrigo
Urraca of Castile
Alfonso VII of León and Castile
Gontrodo Pérez
Gaston V of Béarn
Pedro Manrique de Lara
Viscount of Narbonne
Molina
Norwich, John Julius

categories: 12th-century births,House of Jiménez,Navarrese monarchs,1150 deaths

paragraph: García Ramírez of Navarre

paragraph: García Ramírez (), sometimes García IV, V, VI or VII ( 1112 - 21 November, 1150), called the Restorer (, Basque: "Berrezarlea"), was the King of Navarre (Pamplona) from 1134. The election of García Ramírez restored the independence of the Navarrese kingdom after 58 years of political union with the Kingdom of Aragon. After some initial conflict he would align himself with king Alfonso VII of León and Castile, and as his ally take part in the Reconquista.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: García was born to Ramiro Sánchez, lord of Monzón, whose own father Sancho was an illegitimate son of king García Sánchez III of Navarre. His mother was Cristina, daughter of the Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, better known as El Cid. He succeeded his father as lord of Monzón and also held Logroño.

paragraph: In 1134, a succession crisis arose in the united kingdoms of Navarre and Aragon. As a consequence of the 1076 murder of king Sancho IV of Navarre by his siblings, Navarre had been partitioned between Castile and Aragon, with the kings of the latter claiming the Navarrese crown. With the death of the childless warrior-king Alfonso the Battler of Navarre and Aragon in 1134, the succession of both kingdoms fell into dispute. In his unusual will, Alfonso had left the combined kingdoms to three crusading orders, which effectively neutralized the Papacy from exercising a role in selecting among the potential candidates. Immediately rejected the will, the nobility of Aragon favored Alfonso's younger brother Ramiro, a monk. The nobility of Navarre, skeptical of Ramiro having the necessary temperament to resist the incursions by their western neighbor, king Alfonso VII of León and Castile, who was another claimant, and perhaps chafing under the continued Aragonese hegemony, initially favored a different candidate, Pedro de Atarés, a grandson of Alfonso's illegitimate uncle, Sancho Ramírez, Count of Ribagorza. A convocation of the bishops and nobility was convened at Pamplona to decide between Pedro and Ramiro, but were so alienated by Pedro's arrogance that they abandoned him in favor of a scion of their own dynasty, García Ramírez, Lord of Monzón, who like Pedro descended from an illegitimate brother of a former king. He was duly elected by the nobility and clergy of Navarre, while Ramiro was enthroned by that of Aragon and strongly opposed García's election in Navarre.

paragraph: In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions. Among García's other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro. Eventually, however, in January 1135 with the Pact of Vadoluengo the two monarchs reached a mutual accord of "adoption": García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the "de facto" supremacy of the Aragonese one. In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession. García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre that had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon and, now that García had turned to Alfonso, forced Ramiro to marry and to produce an heir and to forge an alliance with Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona. On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.

paragraph: Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief. Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfonso was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

paragraph: Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Margaret of L'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings. The elder, Blanche, born after 1133, was originally to marry Raymond Berengar IV as confirmed by a peace treaty in 1149, in spite of the count's existing betrothal to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out. Instead she married Sancho III of Castile. The younger daughter, Margaret, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She supposedly took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own. On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

paragraph: In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

paragraph: García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María la Real in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married successively Gaston V of Béarn and Pedro Manrique de Lara.

paragraph: García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Santa María de la Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and family.

paragraph: García Ramírez married Margaret of L'Aigle, granddaughter of Geoffrey II, Count of Perche. They had four children, but only the first three were recognised by García Ramírez:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sancho Garcés, nicknamed "the Wise", who ruled as King of Navarre from 1150 until his death in 1194. He would be the first monarch to use the title "of Navarre". He married Sancha of Castile, daughter of Alfonso VII of León, King of Galicia, León and Castile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blanche, married in 1151 to Sancho III of Castile, King of Castile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret, married to William I, King of Sicily, and who ruled as Queen regent of Sicily.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rodrigo, later known as Henry, made Count of Montescaglioso by his sister, Margaret, Queen regent of Sicily.

paragraph: On on 24 June 1144 he married Urraca of Castile, illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso VII of León and Castile and his mistress Gontrodo Pérez. They were the parents of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sancha (1148–1176), married first to Gaston V of Béarn and secondly to Pedro Manrique de Lara, Viscount of Narbonne and Lord of Molina

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwich, John Julius. "The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130–1194". London: Longmans, 1970.

description: King of Navarre

wikidata_label: García Ramírez of Navarre

wikipedia_title: García Ramírez of Navarre


text:
Boston
Extreme
Mourning Widows
Population 1
DramaGods
The Satellite Party
Jane's Addiction
Lollapalooza
Perry Farrell
Praia da Vitória
Terceira, Azores
Portugal
Luís
Hudson, Massachusetts
hockey
football
Eddie Van Halen
The Beatles
Led Zeppelin
Prince
Queen
Brian May
Pat Travers
Paco de Lucía
Al Di Meola
Kayak
Sinful
Extreme
A&M Records
Extreme
Janet Jackson
Black Cat
"Billboard" Hot 100
Pornograffitti
More Than Words
Flight of the Bumblebee
Guitar World
III Sides to Every Story
Waiting for the Punchline
Gary Cherone
Van Halen
Paul Geary
Saudades de Rock
Schizophonic
Mourning Widows
self-titled debut album
Polydor Records
Furnished Souls for Rent
New England
Smart People
How I Met Your Mother
How I Met Your Mother
Population 1
Tribe of Judah
DramaGods
Victor Entertainment
iTunes
The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson
iTunes
KISS
Santana
Jeff Beck
The Doobie Brothers
Alice in Chains
The Pretenders
Ben Folds Five
Guitar Wars
Steve Hackett
John Paul Jones
Mr. Big
Racer X
Paul Gilbert
The Satellite Party
Jane's Addiction
Perry Farrell
Lollapalooza
Ultra Payloaded
Pearl Jam
Kings of Leon
Incubus
Criss Angel
Sully Erna
Vince Neil
Shannon Larkin
Janet Jackson
Black Cat
Pornograffiti
Super Mario Bros.
Robert Palmer
Journey
Steve Perry
Tantric
BB Mak
Toni Braxton
Suze DeMarchi
Baby Animals
Baby Animals
Shaved and Dangerous
Telelove
Dweezil Zappa
Barking Pumpkin Records
Confessions
Lúcia Moniz
DramaGods
Guitarists 4 the Kids
Rihanna
Last Girl on Earth Tour
Loud
777
Diamonds World
Steel Panther
Balls Out
Nickelback
Chad Kroeger
Generation Axe
2018 World Cup
The New York Times Magazine
2008 Universal fire
Suze DeMarchi
Baby Animals
Washburn Guitars
Washburn N4
Washburn N4
Washburn N4
Stephen's Extended Cutaway
Bill Lawrence USA
Seymour Duncan
pickup
Floyd Rose
Washburn N4
Official site
Allmusic
Nuno Bettencourt
Discogs

categories: People from Hudson, Massachusetts,Portuguese guitarists,American music arrangers,Generation Axe members,People from Terceira Island,20th-century male musicians,American heavy metal guitarists,Warner Bros. Records artists,American rock singers,Portuguese emigrants to the United States,Singers from Massachusetts,American rock songwriters,Portuguese singer-songwriters,American male singer-songwriters,1966 births,American tenors,Lead guitarists,Portuguese expatriates in the United States,American people of Azorean descent,Portuguese record producers,Extreme (band) members,Living people,American male guitarists,20th-century American guitarists,American singer-songwriters,American record producers,American male songwriters,Portuguese male singer-songwriters,Guitarists from Massachusetts

paragraph: Nuno Bettencourt

paragraph: Nuno Duarte Gil Mendes Bettencourt (born September 20, 1966) is a Portuguese-American guitarist, singer-songwriter, and record producer. He became known as the lead guitarist of the Boston rock band Extreme. He has also recorded a solo album as well as having founded bands including Mourning Widows, Population 1, DramaGods, The Satellite Party (headed by Jane's Addiction's then-former frontman and Lollapalooza co-founder Perry Farrell). In 2007 he also reunited with Extreme to record new music and tour.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Bettencourt was born on September 20, 1966 in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, Portugal, to Ezequiel Mendes Bettencourt and wife Aureolina da Cunha Gil de Ávila. When he was four years old, his family, including brothers Luís and Roberto, moved to Hudson, Massachusetts. Bettencourt lived on Main Street in Hudson for twenty-one years. Initially, Bettencourt had little interest in music, preferring to spend his time playing hockey and football. His first instrument was the drums and he played them exclusively until his brother, Luís, started teaching him the guitar.

paragraph: While Bettencourt was slow to adopt the instrument under his brother's tutelage, his skills quickly developed when he began teaching himself, and he has mentioned in many interviews that he would skip many school days to practice upwards of seven hours a day. In his sophomore and junior years of high school, Bettencourt dropped out of sports so he could focus on playing guitar. He eventually dropped out of high school altogether, for the same reason.

paragraph: As a guitarist, one of Bettencourt's earliest influences was Eddie Van Halen. However, as he developed his craft as a guitarist and a songwriter, his influences expanded to embrace The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Prince, Queen (Brian May), Pat Travers, Paco de Lucía, Al Di Meola and Kayak.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Extreme.

paragraph: Unable to make a dent in the music world with his Boston-based hair-metal act Sinful, Bettencourt rose to international prominence as a guitar player after he joined the Boston-area group Extreme in 1985. Signed to A&M Records shortly after Bettencourt joined the group, the band released its debut record, "Extreme", in 1989. He then provided rhythm guitar on the single version of Janet Jackson's "Black Cat," which became a number one hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100.

paragraph: In 1990, Extreme released their most critically acclaimed album, "Pornograffitti", which included the hits "More Than Words" and "Hole Hearted". The album also has one of Bettencourt's most impressive guitar solos to date, The "Flight of the Wounded Bumblebee" – an interpretation of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's "Flight of the Bumblebee" – as the intro guitar solo to the track "He-Man Woman Hater". "Pornograffitti" garnered admiration for Bettencourt from rock guitar enthusiasts. He was voted "Best New Talent" in a 1991 readers' poll by "Guitar World" magazine, and that magazine later named him "Most Valuable Player" of 1991.

paragraph: The band followed up with "III Sides to Every Story" in 1992. Bettencourt composed and arranged the brass and string sections for this album and the full orchestra on the album.

paragraph: In 1995, Extreme released the album "Waiting for the Punchline", but the band broke up in 1996 when Bettencourt expressed his desire to follow a solo career. Shortly after, singer Gary Cherone went on to become the lead singer of Van Halen.

paragraph: In 2007, the band reformed with the original line up (with the exception of Paul Geary) to begin work on a new album, "Saudades de Rock", released on August 12, 2008, and subsequent tour.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Extreme hiatus period.

paragraph: In 1997, Bettencourt released his first solo effort, "Schizophonic", which he had been working on for five years. The album was well-received critically, but was not a commercial success.

paragraph: On December 16, 1997, Bettencourt's new band – Mourning Widows (whose name was inspired by writing he had seen on a church wall in Portugal), released their self-titled debut album in Japan on Polydor Records. It sold 45,000 in the first month. The band featured his brother Roberto Carlos's son Donovan Bettencourt on bass and New York drummer Jeff Consi. In 2000, Mourning Widow's follow-up, "Furnished Souls for Rent" originally released in Japan, and then in the U.S. Both Mourning Widows releases cultivated a strong following in Japan and New England.

paragraph: In 2008, Bettencourt was featured on the soundtrack for the motion picture "Smart People". Bettencourt is credited on the cover on the soundtrack as well. The soundtrack also features the Gary Cherone track, "Need I Say More", and Baby Animals selections. The album was released by Hollywood Records and is available on iTunes. The following year, Bettencourt was featured in a song and video called "Best Night Ever" by Marshall Eriksen, a character on "How I Met Your Mother". The video was a parody of Extreme's "More Than Words" video, in which the entire main cast of "How I Met Your Mother" made appearances.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Population 1 and DramaGods.

paragraph: Bettencourt formed the recording entity Population 1 and released the self-titled and self-produced 2002 release, "Population 1", on Universal/Japan and YBM/Korea. In support of the Population 1 (which featured him playing all instruments on most tracks), release in Japan and Korea, Bettencourt assembled a band with Joe Pessia on bass, Steve Ferlazzo on keyboards and back-up vocals, and Kevin Figueiredo on drums and back-up vocals. Steve Ferlazzo was also featured in Cherone's next band incarnation effort after Van Halen's breakup (Along with Pat Badger and Mike Mangini from Extreme) Tribe of Judah.

paragraph: In 2004, Population 1 released "Sessions from Room Four" as well as an east coast tour in the fall of that year. Due to legal issues, the name Population 1 was dropped in 2005 and the band was renamed to "Near Death Experience", then again, renamed to DramaGods. DramaGods released their first album in December 2005 available as an import via Victor Entertainment (Japan). The band then made their record available as a digital download on iTunes in early 2006.

paragraph: DramaGods are currently seeking a record deal for release of their first album under the new name in the U.S. After an explosive debut on the increasingly popular "The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson", the band (still called 'Population 1' at that point) later appeared on the social networking website MySpace, featuring videos and songs from the aforementioned Dramagods album, entitled "Love". Bettencourt decided to make the album available through iTunes before procuring an American record deal.

paragraph: Bettencourt frequently toured with DramaGods in Japan where they appeared at the Udo Music Festival along with KISS, Santana, Jeff Beck, The Doobie Brothers, Alice in Chains, The Pretenders, Ben Folds Five, and others in July 2006 shortly after Bettencourt took part in a three date reunion tour with Extreme in New England.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Other works.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Other works.:Guitar Wars.

paragraph: Bettencourt's playing has been featured at 2004 on the Universal/Japan CD and DVD release of "Guitar Wars" featuring solo and collective performances of Bettencourt with many others, including Steve Hackett (Genesis, GTR), Led Zeppelin bassist John Paul Jones and Mr. Big/Racer X guitarist Paul Gilbert.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Other works.:Satellite Party.

paragraph: The Satellite Party is Jane's Addiction frontman Perry Farrell's new project which featured Bettencourt as lead guitarist (Nuno left the band in July 2007, citing disagreements about the direction of the live show), along with DramaGods drummer Kevin Figueiredo, bassist Carl Restivo (who also played with Extreme in the Azores in 2004), and Etty Farrell on backing vocals. An earlier lineup of the band with Perry Farrell, Etty Farrell, Nuno, Kevin Figueiredo, and Steve Ferlazo (Dramagods) on keyboards performed at the 2005 Lollapalooza festival.

paragraph: Bettencourt helped produce "Ultra Payloaded", the debut album by Satellite Party released on May 29, 2007 on Columbia Records. On June 29, 2007, they performed alongside Pearl Jam, Kings of Leon and Incubus in Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

paragraph: In late July 2007, Bettencourt and Drummer Kfigg departed Satellite Party.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Other works.:Criss Angel "Mindfreak".

paragraph: The latest CD from magician Criss Angel contains a song on which Bettencourt appears and was released in June 2006. Sully Erna, Vince Neil, Shannon Larkin and Bettencourt join Angel in the video for the track "MF 2" which was shot atop the Aladdin parking garage.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Other works.:Other artists.

paragraph: In 1990, Bettencourt played rhythm guitar on the single version of Janet Jackson's "Black Cat," which was his first pop collaboration and a number one hit. In return for his contribution, Jackson was speculated to provide a spoken line on the song "Money (In God We Trust)" from Extreme's second album, "Pornograffiti".

paragraph: In 1993, Bettencourt co-wrote and produced "Where Are You Going" for the "Super Mario Bros." movie. He also joined Robert Palmer in the studio to record Palmer's album "Honey".

paragraph: According to former Journey lead singer Steve Perry, Bettencourt has teamed with him to write and arrange songs. He also has writing and recording engagements with Maverick Records' Tantric (Bettencourt co-wrote Tantric's hit single "Hey Now"), Hollywood recording group BB Mak, Toni Braxton, and numerous others.

paragraph: Bettencourt has also collaborated with singer Suze DeMarchi and with all of her Baby Animals bandmates. On Baby Animals' second release, "Shaved and Dangerous" (July 1996), he produced a few songs and co-wrote "Because I Can". Additionally, all the members of Baby Animals appeared on Bettencourt's 1997 solo album "Schizophonic". He also contributed greatly in writing, recording and producing DeMarchi's solo debut from 1998, "Telelove".

paragraph: In 1991, Bettencourt also produced Dweezil Zappa's release on Barking Pumpkin Records, "Confessions". In this record, Bettencourt also sings lead vocals for the first time on a semi-ballad entitled "The Kiss", as well as playing guitar and singing background vocals on some other tracks. Extreme members Gary Cherone and Pat Badger also contributed.

paragraph: In 1999, Bettencourt produced the album Magnolia, for the Portuguese singer and actress Lúcia Moniz. He also featured as singer and guitarist in the song "Try Again" of this album.

paragraph: In 2006, Bettencourt along with his band DramaGods contributed their song "S'OK" to the album project Artists for Charity – Guitarists 4 the Kids, produced by Slang Productions to assist World Vision Canada in helping underprivileged kids in need.

paragraph: In November 2009, Bettencourt announced that he would be touring with Barbadian singer Rihanna on her "Last Girl on Earth Tour" as lead guitarist, having appeared alongside her in several TV shows and other performances. He has since performed as Rihanna's lead guitarist on every subsequent tour, including her "Loud" (2010), "777" (2012) and "Diamonds World" (2013) tours, respectively.

paragraph: In July 2011, Steel Panther reported to Loud Magazine that Nuno would be "coming in to do something" on their then-upcoming release Balls Out. The collaboration resulted in the track "It Won't Suck Itself", which also featured Nickelback frontman Chad Kroeger.

paragraph: In April and May 2016, Bettencourt was one of five guitarists featured on the Generation Axe tour.

paragraph: In 2017, he performed live during the 2018 World Cup draw.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Loss of materials.

paragraph: On June 25, 2019, "The New York Times Magazine" listed Nuno Bettencourt among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bettencourt was married to lead singer Suze DeMarchi of Baby Animals in 1994. They had two children together, born in 1996 and 2002. The couple separated in 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Washburn guitars.

paragraph: In December 1990, Washburn Guitars unveiled the Washburn N4 Nuno Bettencourt Signature Series – a series of Bettencourt-designed guitars.

paragraph: The Nuno Bettencourt models are flagshipped by the American hand-made Washburn N4. The Washburn N4 guitar is a small reverse headstock super-strat which features the unique Stephen's Extended Cutaway neck joint for easy access to the higher frets. It also contains Bill Lawrence USA and Seymour Duncan pickups, and a Floyd Rose licensed tremolo. The production budget model of this guitar which is built in China is known as the N2 and features a standard bolt-on neck. The N3 was a short run Korean reproduction of the Washburn N4 using Washburn stock pickups. The original N2 and N3 guitars were prototype guitars built for Nuno. The N2 lacking the Stephen's Extended Cutaway and the N3 using a Bill Lawrence L500XL in the bridge and a Washburn pickup rather than the Seymour Duncan 59 in the neck. Other models include The N5 and N6. Bettencourt has also endorsed several Washburn acoustic models, as well as a line of 'set-neck' electric guitars including the P-Series which was released in various models with a more retro, deep cutaway style.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Nuno Bettencourt] at Allmusic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nuno Bettencourt at Discogs

description: musician, singer-songwriter, guitarist

wikidata_label: Nuno Bettencourt

wikipedia_title: Nuno Bettencourt


text:
sahabi
Muhammad
Ansar
Banu Khazraj
Quran
Islam
Second pledge at al-Aqabah
governor
Yemen
zakat
Yemen
masjid
Caliph
Abu Bakr
Usamah ibn Zayd
Syrian
Anno Hegirae
Shariah law
Mosul University
Iraq
Al-Bayhaqi
al-Tabarani
Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami
Majma al-Zawa'id
Suyuti
Ibn al-Jawzi

paragraph: Muadh ibn Jabal

paragraph: Muadh ibn Jabal (; 603 – 639) was a sahabi (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muadh was an "Ansar" of Banu Khazraj and compiled the Quran with five companions while Muhammad was still alive. He was known as the one with a lot of knowledge. He was called by Muhammad "the one who will lead the scholars into Paradise."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Era of Muhammad.

paragraph: He accepted Islam before the Second pledge at al-Aqabah. Nevertheless, he was one of those who took the pledge.

paragraph: Muhammad sent Mu'adh as the governor of Yemen to collect zakat. When Muhammad sent Mu'adh to Yemen to teach its people about Islam, he personally bade farewell to him, walking for some distance alongside him as he set out to leave the city. It is said that Muhammad informed him that on his return to Medina, he would perhaps see only his masjid and grave. Upon hearing this, Mu'adh began to cry.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:After Muhammad.

paragraph: When Mu'adh returned to Medina, the Caliph was Abu Bakr. He eventually accompanied Usamah ibn Zayd on the Syrian expedition, dying there in 18 Anno Hegirae, due to a plague.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The college for the study of Shariah law, at Mosul University in Iraq, is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Sayings.

paragraph: Al-Bayhaqi narrated in Shu`ab al-Iman (1:392 #512-513), and so did al-Tabarani, that Mu`adh ibn Jabal narrated that Muhammad said: "The People of Paradise will not regret except one thing alone: the hour that passed them by and in which they made no remembrance of Allah." Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami in Majma al-Zawa'id (10:74) said that its narrators are all trustworthy (thiqat), while Suyuti declared it hasan in his Jami` al-Saghir (#7701).

paragraph: Ibn al-Jawzi recorded in Siffatu Safwah that Mu'adh advised his son, "My son! Pray the prayer of he who is just about to leave and imagine that you might not be able to pray ever again. Know that the believer dies between two good deeds; one that he performed and one that he intended to perform later on."

description: Sahaba

wikidata_label: Muadh ibn Jabal

wikipedia_title: Muadh ibn Jabal


text:
Edward III
Avignon
Clement VI
Hundred Years War
Lord Privy Seal
Lord Chancellor
Dean of Lincoln
John de Stratford
Archbishop of Canterbury
Thomas Bradwardine
see of Canterbury
temporalities
Black Death
British History Online

categories: Archbishops of Canterbury,14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,14th-century deaths from plague (disease),Year of birth unknown,Lord Chancellors of England,Deans of Lincoln,Lords Privy Seal,1349 deaths

paragraph: John de Ufford

paragraph: John de Ufford (died 20 May 1349) was chancellor and head of the royal administration to Edward III as well as being appointed to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: De Ufford was sent, along with Nicholas de Luna and Hugh Neville to Avignon in the summer of 1344 as envoys to a council held by Pope Clement VI to mediate peace during the Peace of Malestroit (January 1343 – September 1346), a breathing space for both sides during the Hundred Years War. The mediation came to naught.

paragraph: De Ufford was the chancellor to Edward III, keeper of both the great seal and the privy seal. He was entrusted with the privy seal in 1342 (thus becoming Lord Privy Seal), and the great seal on 26 October 1345, which was the duty of the Lord Chancellor. He resigned the office of Lord Privy Seal after 29 September 1344, but held the office of Chancellor until his death.

paragraph: De Ufford held the position of Dean of Lincoln from 1344 to 1348.

paragraph: Section::::Archbishop of Canterbury.

paragraph: After the death of Archbishop John de Stratford, Edward chose de Ufford as Archbishop of Canterbury, though the canons of the chapter had elected Thomas Bradwardine, the king's trusted confessor, a great intellectual and diplomat. De Ufford was appointed to the see of Canterbury by papal bull dated 24 September 1348 and was granted the temporalities of the see on 14 December 1348.

paragraph: Section::::Death and afterward.

paragraph: Any developing contention between the chapter and the king was rendered a dead issue when de Ufford, already aged and infirm, was carried off by the Black Death, before being consecrated, on 20 May 1349.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British History Online: Folio xxvii–xxvii b.

alias:
John de Offord
John Offord

description: Chancellor of England

wikidata_label: John de Ufford

wikipedia_title: John de Ufford


text:
Hosokawa Yoshiharu
Hosokawa Masamoto
Kanrei
Ashikaga shogunate
Hosokawa clan
Awa Province
Hosokawa Sumiyuki
Kujyō clan
Kozai Motonaga
Ōmi Province
Rokkaku Takayori
Miyoshi Yukinaga
Settsu
Hosokawa Takakuni
Ashikaga Yoshizumi
shōgun
Ashikaga Yoshiki
Ōuchi Yoshioki
Kyoto
Ōuchi
Funaokayama
Rokkaku
seppuku
Hosokawa Masamoto
Hosokawa Harumoto

categories: Hosokawa clan,Keichō-Hosokawa clan,1489 births,1520 deaths

paragraph: Hosokawa Sumimoto

paragraph: Sumimoto was one of the few sons of Hosokawa Yoshiharu and an adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto, who was the Kanrei of the Ashikaga shogunate. His roots was the Hosokawa clan at Awa Province. His childhood name was Rokuro (六郎).

paragraph: Masamoto did not have his own child and originally had decided to let Hosokawa Sumiyuki, who was from Kujyō clan, succeed the house. However, he changed his mind later and decided to let Sumimoto, who was adopted after Sumiyuki, succeed the house. This naturally caused a rift between Sumimoto and Sumiyuki.

paragraph: In 1507, Masamoto was killed by an adherent of Sumiyuki. Sumimoto was attacked by a retainer of Sumiyuki, Kozai Motonaga, and escaped to Koga, Ōmi Province, taking refuge at Rokkaku Takayori. Following this, a powerful vassal under the Hosokawa, known as Miyoshi Yukinaga (Nagateru), raised troops in Settsu and destroyed Sumiyuki in the young Sumimoto's name. After repulsing Sumiyuki, Sumimoto succeeded the house in proper form.

paragraph: He and Hosokawa Takakuni, who was from a branch of Hosokawa clan and also another foster son of Masamoto, supported Ashikaga Yoshizumi, who was backed up to the 11th "shōgun" by Masamoto. In 1493, Masamoto had deposed the 10th Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiki (Yoshitane), who later escaped from confinement and fled to eastern countries, looking for a chance to regain his position.

paragraph: In 1508, Ōuchi Yoshioki, who then harbored Yoshiki, marched his armies into Kyoto and returned Yoshiki back to the seat of Shōgun. The relationship between Sumimoto and Takakuni was no longer in harmony, and while Takakuni acted in concert with Yoshioki, Sumimoto was exiled to Ōmi Province. Sumimoto intended to battle Yoshioki in the province of Settsu, but ended up fleeing to Awa after seeing the superior numbers of Yoshioki's army.

paragraph: In 1511, Sumitomo returned to Kyoto but was defeated by Takakuni and the Ōuchi at Funaokayama and fled once more. The death of Yoshizumi was another shock to the camp of Sumimoto.

paragraph: Ōuchi Yoshioki left the capital in 1518 to maintain his own dominion, and regarding this as a chance, Sumimoto attempted another movement on Kyoto in the next year, cooperating with Miyoshi Yukinaga. However, Yukinaga was attacked and defeated by Hosokawa Takakuni and the clan of Rokkaku, who were then at the side of Ashikaga Yoshiki. Yukinaga was caught and forced to die by seppuku. Sumimoto was ill and had not advanced to Kyoto. After Yukinaga's defeat, he escaped again to his home province of Awa and died soon afterward.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Hosokawa Yoshiharu (1468–1495)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foster father: Hosokawa Masamoto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Seitai-in

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hosokawa Harumoto

paragraph: BULLET::::- A daughter who married Hatakeyama Yoshitaka

paragraph: BULLET::::- A daughter who married Arima Shigenori

description: Japanese samurai

wikidata_label: Hosokawa Sumimoto

wikipedia_title: Hosokawa Sumimoto


text:
Asano Naganori
Edo
seppuku
Kira Yoshinaka
Edo castle
Tokugawa shogunate
Geisha
Kyoto
Japanese calendar
rōnin
Edo
Terasaka Kichiemon
Yōzeiin
Sengaku-ji
Shinagawa
seppuku
kabuki

categories: Karō,Seppuku,1703 deaths,Samurai,Place of birth unknown,1659 births,Suicides by sharp instrument in Japan,Date of birth unknown

paragraph: Ōishi Yoshio

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He served Asano Naganori as the head chamberlain () for the Asano estate, supervising the daily running of the castle and the samurai. Due to the Tokugawa rules which required all the daimyō to spend every other year in Edo (now called Tokyo) the chamberlain was a very important man and the de facto ruler of the estate when the daimyō was away. Having attained this office at a rather young age, he is said to have had the implicit trust of his lord.

paragraph: When Asano committed seppuku as punishment for his failed attempt to kill Kira Yoshinaka in Edo castle and the Tokugawa shogunate abolished the house of Asano in Akō, Ōishi was in Akō and managed all its administrative issues. He persuaded other samurai to vacate the castle to the agents of the Shogunate. During the next two years many people wondered what Oishi would do as he had a reputation as an honorable and capable man.

paragraph: He attempted to get the permission to re-establish the house of Asano but failed. He then began a careful plot to kill Lord Kira but to throw off suspicion spent time (and money) in the Geisha houses of Kyoto. This type of ruse is referred to as – appearing to be serving no useful purposes, and this term is frequently applied to Ōishi. He carried out his role well – and secretly coordinated the movements of the remaining loyal Asano samurai. Nearly two years passed before the attack was launched.

paragraph: In January 1703 (by the old Japanese calendar, the 12th month, 14th day) he, with 46 other Akō rōnin, attacked Kira at his residence in the Honjo neighborhood of Edo. Kira was killed and decapitated. After Ōishi dispatched Terasaka Kichiemon to inform Asano's widow Yōzeiin of the deed, he and the remaining 45 rōnin went to Sengaku-ji in Shinagawa where Naganori was buried and there they were arrested.

paragraph: He and the other rōnin were sentenced to commit seppuku. Since it was an honorable sentence rather than merely decapitation, everyone accepted this sentence as an honor.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: After death, Oishi became famous as the example of ideal samurai behavior. His ultimate goal of reestablishment of the Asano clan was realized as the Tokugawa shogunate did restore some lands (about 1/10 of the original holdings) to the Asano clan. Oishi was related to the Asano clan by blood, as several generations prior, an Oishi man married a daughter of the Asano.

paragraph: In the famous kabuki play "Kanadehon Chūshingura", Yoshio (Kuranosuke) is known as Ōboshi Yuranosuke.

alias:
Ōishi Kuranosuke
Oishi Kuranosuke
Oishi Yoshio

description: Samurai; the leader of the Forty-seven Ronin

wikidata_label: Ōishi Yoshio

wikipedia_title: Ōishi Yoshio


text:
Berber
Almoravid empire
Marrakesh
Battle of Zallaqa
al-Andalus
Alfonso VI
Zainab al-Nafzawiyya
Lamtuna
Sanhaja
Abu Bakr ibn Umar
Lamtuna
ibn Yasin
Maliki
Yahya ibn Ibrahim
Sahara
Barghawata
Sūs
Aghmāt
Sahara
Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyat
al-Mu'tamid
Abbadid
taifa of Seville
Castile-León
Alfonso VI
Taifa
Umayyad
Caliphate
emir
Castilian
Christendom
Toledo
parias
Muslim
Granada
Seville
Christian
conquest
Atlas Mountains
Fez
Tangier
Tlemcen
Ceuta
Algiers
Ténès
Oran
Marrakech
Aghmāt
al-Andalus
Battle of az-Zallaqah
javelins
dagger
cuirass
drummer
cavalry
shock troops
Senegal
Arabian horse
Camel
Muslim
Reconquista
Africa
taifa
Islamic law
Abbasid
caliph
Baghdad
Seville
Badajoz
Almeria
Granada
Christians
Jew
fatwa
Málaga
Aghmāt
al-Mutamid
Iberian Peninsula
Zaragoza
Kingdom of Morocco
Marrakech
Islamic empire
Sanhaja
Lamtuna
Berbers
Andalusia
Christians
horsemen
Seville
Granada
Cordoba
Castile
Battle of Sagrajas
Taifa
emir
bows
arrows
sabre
pike
javelins
cuirass
Moroccan
Murcia
Spaniard
Andalusian
catapult
Cadiz
Almeria
Mediterranean
Ibn Maymun
Banu Ghaniya
Balearic Islands
Christians
Reconquista
Valencia
Muslim
emir
El Cid
Abu Bakr ibn Ibrahim ibn Tashfin
Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad
Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali al-Hajj
al-Andalus
Alfonso VI
Toledo
Muhammad ibn 'A'isha
Murcia
Alcira
Marrakesh
al-Andalus
Jimena
Mazdali ibn Tilankan
Valencia
al-Andalus
Spanish
El Cantar del Mio Cid
Sahara
Ali ibn Yusuf
Muslim
Córdoba
Christians
Almohad
Ibrahim ibn Tashfin
Ishaq ibn Ali
Muslim
Arabic
University of Al-Karaouine
Andalusian
Tlemcen
Algeria
El Cid
Herbert Lom
Pakistan Television Corporation
Ibn Idhari
Al-bayan al-mughrib
Almoravids
E. A. Freeman
H. R. Idris

categories: Berber rulers,Sultans of Morocco,12th-century Berber people,11th-century Moroccan people,1106 deaths,People from Marrakesh,City founders,History of Marrakesh,12th-century Moroccan people,1009 births,Almoravid dynasty

paragraph: Yusuf ibn Tashfin

paragraph: Yusuf ibn Tashfin also, Tashafin, Teshufin; or Yusuf (full name: "Yûsuf bnu Tâšfîn Nâçereddîn bnu Tâlâkâkîn aç-Çanhâjî", ; reigned c. 1061 – 1106) was leader of the Berber Moroccan Almoravid empire. He co-founded the city of Marrakesh and led the Muslim forces in the Battle of Zallaqa/Sagrajas. Ibn Tashfin came to al-Andalus from Africa to help the Muslims fight against Alfonso VI, eventually achieving victory and promoting an Islamic system in the region. He was married to Zainab al-Nafzawiyya, whom he reportedly trusted politically.

paragraph: Section::::Succession to power.

paragraph: Yusuf ibn Tashfin was a Berber from the Banu Turgut, a branch of the Lamtuna, a tribe belonging to the Sanhaja supertribe. Abu Bakr ibn Umar, a natural leader of Lamtuna extraction, a branch of the Branès, one of the original disciples of ibn Yasin who served as a spiritual liaison for followers of the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, was appointed general after the death of his brother Yahya ibn Ibrahim. His brother oversaw the military for ibn Yasin but was killed in a Saharan revolt in 1056. Ibn Yasin, too, would die in battle against the Barghawata three years later. Abu-Bakr was an able general, taking the fertile Sūs and its capital Aghmāt a year after his brother's death, and would go on to suppress numerous revolts in the Sahara, on one such occasion entrusting his pious cousin Yusuf with the stewardship of Sūs and thus the whole of his northern provinces. He appears to have handed him this authority in the interim but even went as far as to give Yusuf his wife, Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyat, purportedly the richest woman of Aghmāt. This sort of trust and favor on part of a seasoned veteran and savvy politician reflected the general esteem in which Yusuf was held, not to mention the power he attained as a military figure in his absence. Daunted by Yusuf's new-found power, Abu Bakr saw any attempts at recapturing his post politically unfeasible and returned to the fringes of the Sahara to settle the unrest of the southern frontier.

paragraph: Section::::Taifa appeal.

paragraph: In the year 1091, the last sovereign king of al-Andalus, al-Mu'tamid, saw his Abbadid-inherited taifa of Seville, controlled since 1069, in jeopardy of being taken by the increasingly stronger king of Castile-León, Alfonso VI. The Taifa period followed the demise of the Umayyad Caliphate. Previously, the emir had launched a series of aggressive attacks on neighboring kingdoms, so as to amass more territory for himself, but his military aspirations and capabilities paled in comparison to those of the Castilian king, who in the name of Christendom, in 1085, captured Toledo and exacted "parias", or tribute, from Muslim princes in places such as Granada, al-Mu'tamid of Seville being no exception. The tribute of the emirs bolstered the economy of the Christian kingdom, and harmed the Muslim economy. These are the circumstances that led to the Almoravid conquest and the famous quote, rebuffing his son, Rashid, who advised him not to call on Yusuf ibn Tashfin, where al-Mu'tamid said

paragraph: Section::::Military exploits.

paragraph: Yusuf was an effective general and administrator, as evidenced by his ability to organize and maintain the loyalty of the hardened desert warriors and the territory of Abu Bakr, as well as his ability to expand the empire, crossing the Atlas Mountains onto the plains of Morocco, reaching the Mediterranean and capturing Fez in 1075, Tangier in 1079, Tlemcen in 1080, and Ceuta in 1083, as well as Algiers, Ténès and Oran in 1082-83. He is regarded as the co-founder of the famous Moroccan city Marrakech (in Berber "Murakush", corrupted to "Morocco" in English). The site had been chosen and work started by Abu Bakr in 1070. The work was completed by Yusef, who then made it the capital of his empire, in place of the former capital Aghmāt. By the time Abu Bakr died in 1087, after a skirmish in the Sahara as result of a poison arrow, Yusef had crossed over into al-Andalus and also achieved victory at the Battle of az-Zallaqah, also known as the "Battle of Sagrajas" in the west. He came to al-Andalus with a force of 15,000 men, armed with javelins and daggers, most of his soldiers carrying two swords, shields, cuirass of the finest leather and animal hide, and accompanied by drummers for psychological effect. Yusef's cavalry was said to have included 6,000 shock troops from Senegal mounted on white Arabian horses. Camels were also put to use. On October 23, 1086, the Almoravid forces, accompanied by 10,000 Andalusian fighters from local Muslim provinces, decisively checked the Reconquista, significantly outnumbering and defeating the largest Christian army ever assembled up to that point. The death of Yusef's heir, however, prompted his speedy return to Africa.

paragraph: When Yusuf returned to al-Andalus in 1090, he saw the lax behavior of the taifa kings, both spiritually and militarily, as a breach of Islamic law and principles, and left Africa with the express purpose of usurping the power of all the Muslim principalities, under the auspices of the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad, with whom he had shared correspondence, and under the slogan ""The spreading of righteousness, the correction of injustice and the abolition of unlawful taxes."" The emirs in such cities as Seville, Badajoz, Almeria and Granada had grown accustomed to the extravagant ways of the west. On top of doling out tribute to the Christians and giving Andalusian Jews unprecedented freedoms and authority, they had levied burdensome taxes on the populace to maintain this lifestyle. After a series of fatwas and careful deliberation, Yusef saw the implementation of orthodoxy as long overdue. That year he exiled the emirs 'Abdallah and his brother Tamim from Granada and Málaga, respectively, to Aghmāt, and a year later al-Mutamid of Seville suffered the same fate. When all was said and done, Yusef united all of the Muslim dominions of the Iberian Peninsula, with the exception of Zaragoza, to the Kingdom of Morocco, and situated his royal court at Marrakech. He took the title of "Amir al-muslimin" ("Prince of the Muslims"), seeing himself as humbly serving the caliph of Baghdad, but to all intents and purposes he was considered the caliph of the western Islamic empire. The military might of the Almoravids was at its peak.

paragraph: The Sanhaja confederation, which consisted of a hierarchy of Lamtuna, Musaffa and Djudalla Berbers, represented the military's top brass. Amongst them were Andalusian Christians and heretic Africans, taking up duties as "diwan al-gund", Yusef's own personal bodyguard, including 2,000 black horsemen, whose tasks also included registering soldiers and making sure they were compensated financially. The occupying forces of the Almoravids were made up largely of horsemen, totaling no less than 20,000. Into the major cities of al-Andalus, Seville (7,000), Granada (1,000), Cordoba (1,000), 5,000 bordering Castile and 4,000 in western al-Andalus, succeeding waves of horsemen, in conjunction with the garrisons that had been left there after the Battle of Sagrajas, made responding, for the Taifa emirs, difficult. Soldiers on foot used bows & arrows, sabres, pikes, javelins, each protected by a cuirass of Moroccan leather and iron-spiked shields. During the siege of the fort-town Aledo, in Murcia, previously captured by the Spaniard "Garcia Giménez", Almoravid and Andalusian hosts are said to have used catapults, in addition to their customary drum beat. Yusef also established naval bases in Cadiz, Almeria and neighboring ports along the Mediterranean. Ibn Maymun, the governor of Almeria, had a fleet at his disposal. Another such example is the Banu Ghaniya fleet based off the Balearic Islands that dominated the affairs of the western Mediterranean for much of the 12th century.

paragraph: Section::::Siege of Valencia.

paragraph: Although the Almoravids had not gained much in the way of territory from the Christians, rather than merely offsetting the Reconquista, Yusuf did succeed in capturing Valencia. A city divided between Muslims and Christians, under the weak rule of a petty emir paying tribute to the Christians, including the famous El Cid, Valencia proved to be an obstacle for the Almoravid military, despite their untouchable reputation. Abu Bakr ibn Ibrahim ibn Tashfin and Yusef's nephew Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad both failed to defeat El Cid. Yusef then sent Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali al-Hajj, but he was not successful either. In 1097, on his fourth trip to al-Andalus, Yusef sought to personally dig down and fight the armies of Alfonso VI, making his way towards the all but abandoned, yet historically important, Toledo. Such a concerted effort was meant to draw the Christian forces, including those laying siege to Valencia, into the center of Iberia. On August 15, 1097, the Almoravids delivered yet another blow to Alfonso's forces, a battle in which El Cid's son was killed.

paragraph: Muhammad ibn 'A'isha, Yusef's son, whom he had appointed governor of Murcia, succeeded in delivering an effective pounding to the Cid's forces at Alcira; still not capturing the city, but satisfied with the results of his campaigns, Yusef left for his court at Marrakesh, only to return two years later in a new effort to take the provinces of eastern al-Andalus. El Cid had died in the same year, 1099, and his wife Jimena had been ruling until the coming of another Almoravid campaign at the tail end of 1100, led by Yusef's trusted lieutenant Mazdali ibn Tilankan. After a seven-month siege, Alfonso and Jimena, despairing of the prospects of staving off the Almoravids, set fire to the great mosque in anger and abandoned the city. Yusef had finally conquered Valencia achieving dominance over eastern al-Andalus. He receives mention in the oldest Spanish epic "Poema del Cid", also known as "El Cantar del Mio Cid".

paragraph: Section::::Description and character.

paragraph: "A wise and shrewd man, neither too prompt in his determinations, nor too slow in carrying them into effect", Yusef was very much adapted to the rugged terrain of the Sahara and had no interests in the pomp of the Andalusian courts.

paragraph: According to medieval Arabic writers, Yusuf was of average build and stature. He is further described as having "had a clear brown complexion and he had a thin beard. His voice was soft, his speech elegant. His eyes were black, his nose was hooked, and he had fat on the fleshy portions of his ears. His hair was curly and his eyebrows met above his nose."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: His son and successor, Ali ibn Yusuf, was viewed as just as devout a Muslim as his father. Córdoba, in about 1119, served as the launch pad for Andalusian insurrection. Christians on the northern frontier gained momentum shortly after his father's death, and the Almohads, beginning about 1120, were to engulf the southern frontier. This ultimately led to the disintegration of Yusef's hard-gained territories by the time of Ibrahim ibn Tashfin (1146) and Ishaq ibn Ali (1146–1147), the last of the Almoravid dynasty.

paragraph: While Yusef was the most honorable of Muslim rulers, he spoke Arabic poorly. Ali ibn Yusef in 1135 exercised good stewardship by attending to the University of Al-Karaouine and ordering the extension of the mosque from 18 to 21 aisles, expanding the structure to more than 3,000 square meters. Some accounts suggest that to carry out this work Ali ibn Yusef hired two Andalusian architects, who also built the central aisle of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen, Algeria, in 1136.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the 1961 movie "El Cid", Yusuf ibn Tashfin is portrayed, under the name "Ben Yussuf", by Herbert Lom.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yusuf appears in "" as one of the primary antagonists in the "El Cid" campaign. However, he is described as "never showing his face", always covering it with a cloth.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yusuf ibn Tashfin appears as protagonist in Nasim Hijazi's Urdu Novel "Yusuf bin Tashfeen".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yusuf ibn Tashfin appears as Hero in the Drama Serial "Pukaar", presented by Pakistan's Pakistan Television Corporation in 1995. In this series, the main characters were Yousaf bin Tashfin (played by Asal Din Khan), Zainab (Yousaf's wife), Ali (Yousaf's son), Alfonso VI (played by Ayub Khosa), Mutamid bin abi Abbad (played by Hissam Qazi (Late)), and a princess of Leon (played by Laila Wasti).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yusuf appears in as the primary antagonist. In the film, he is a cruel, unforgiving and evil man. Much unlike his alleged reputation as an honorable man.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Fletcher, "Moorish Spain", (University of California Press, 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ibn Idhari, "Al-bayan al-mughrib" Part III, annotated Spanish translation by A. Huici Miranda, Valencia, 1963.

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. Levtzion & J.F.P. Hopkins, "Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history", Cambridge University Press, 1981, (reprint: Markus Wiener, Princeton, 2000, ). Contains English translations of extracts from medieval works dealing with the Almoravids; the selections cover some (but not all) of the information above.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. A. Freeman, "History and Conquests of the Saracens", (Oxford, 1856)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Codera, "Decadencia y desaparición de los Almorávides en España" (1889)

paragraph: BULLET::::- H. R. Idris, "Regierung und Verwaltung des vorderen Orients in islamischer Zeit", (Brill Academic Publishers, 1997)

description: The leader of Almoravid empire from 1061 to 1106

wikidata_label: Yusuf ibn Tashfin

wikipedia_title: Yusuf ibn Tashfin


text: Count of Flanders

text: Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders

text: Adela

text: Robert II of France

text: Godfrey the Bearded

text: Duke of Lorraine

text: Holy Roman Emperor

text: Henry III

text: Valenciennes

text: Herman, Count of Mons

text: Baldwin VI

text: Richilde

text: County of Hainaut

text: Agnes of Poitou

text: Henry IV

text: Emma of England

text: Bruges

text: monastery of Saint Bertin

text: St Omer

text: King Harthacnut of England

text: Regent

text: Anne of Kiev

text: Philip I of France

text: William of Normandy

text: Matilda

text: Edward the Confessor

text: Edward the Atheling

text: Hungary

text: Earl Godwin

text: Tostig

text: Godwinsons

text: Baldwin VI

text: Matilda

text: William the Conqueror

text: Robert I of Flanders

categories: Margraves of Valenciennes,Counts of Flanders,1012 births,Regents of France,House of Flanders

paragraph: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

paragraph: Baldwin V of Flanders (c. 1012 – 1 September 1067) was Count of Flanders from 1035 until his death.

paragraph: He was the son of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, who died in 1035.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Baldwin married Adela, daughter of King Robert II of France, in 1028 in Amiens; at her instigation he rebelled against his father but in 1030 peace was sworn and the old count continued to rule until his death.

paragraph: During a long war (1046–1056) as an ally of Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lorraine, against the Holy Roman Emperor Henry III, he initially lost Valenciennes to Herman, Count of Mons. However, when the latter died in 1049 Baldwin married his son Baldwin VI to Herman's widow Richilde and arranged that the children of her first marriage were disinherited, thus "de facto" uniting the County of Hainaut with Flanders.

paragraph: Upon the death of Henry III this marriage was acknowledged by treaty by Agnes of Poitou, mother and regent of Henry IV. Baldwin V played host to a grateful dowager queen Emma of England, during her enforced exile, at Bruges. He supplied armed security guards, entertainment, comprising a band of minstrels. Bruges was a bustling commercial centre, and Emma fittingly grateful to the citizens. She dispensed generously to the poor, making contact with the monastery of Saint Bertin at St Omer, and received her son, King Harthacnut of England at Bruges in 1039.

paragraph: From 1060 to 1067 Baldwin was the co-Regent with Anne of Kiev for his nephew-by-marriage Philip I of France, indicating the importance he had acquired in international politics. As Count of Maine, Baldwin supported the King of France in most affairs. But he was also father-in-law to William of Normandy, who had married his daughter Matilda. Flanders played a pivotal role in Edward the Confessor's foreign policy. As the King of England was struggling to find an heir: historians have argued that he may have sent Harold Godwinsson to negotiate the return of Edward the Atheling from Hungary, and passed through Flanders, on his way to Germany. Baldwin's half-sister had married Earl Godwin's third son, Tostig. The half-Viking Godwinsons had spent their exile in Dublin, at a time William of Normandy was fiercely defending his duchy. It is unlikely however that Baldwin intervened to prevent the duke's invasion plans of England, after the Count had lost the conquered province of Ponthieu. Baldwin died 1 September 1067.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Baldwin and Adèle had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baldwin VI, 1030–1070

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matilda, c. 1031–1083 who married William the Conqueror

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert I of Flanders, "c." 1033–1093

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frans J. Van Droogenbroeck, "De markenruil Ename – Valenciennes en de investituur van de graaf van Vlaanderen in de mark Ename", Handelingen van de Geschied- en Oudheidkundige Kring van Oudenaarde 55 (2018) S. 47-127

description: Count of Flanders

wikidata_label: Baldwin V

wikipedia_title: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders


text: country music

text: Canadian Country Music Awards

text: SOCAN

text: Juno

text: CMA Awards

text: The Road Hammers

text: Barrie, Ontario

text: Camrose, Alberta

text: Anten Mills, Ontario

text: Camrose, Alberta

text: Merle Haggard

text: Johnny Cash

text: Ed Bruce

text: Wynn Stewart

text: AC/DC

text: legions

text: Barrie

text: Midland

text: Orillia

text: Nashville

text: MCA Records

text: The Road Hammers

text: Everything

text: OCPFA

text: Gold album

text: CCMA Award

text: Juno Award

text: CMA Awards

text: Official Site

text: The Road Hammers Official

categories: Canadian Country Music Association Male Artist of the Year winners,People from Barrie,Canadian country singer-songwriters,Open Road Recordings artists,Canadian Country Music Association Song of the Year winners,MCA Records artists,Canadian male singer-songwriters,1970 births,Musicians from Ontario,21st-century Canadian singers,Living people

paragraph: Jason McCoy

paragraph: Jason McCoy (born Jason Dwight Campsall on August 27, 1970) is a Canadian singer-songwriter who performs country music.

paragraph: He has won many awards including the 2001 Male Vocalist of the Year at the Canadian Country Music Awards, 3 SOCAN Song of the Year awards, 19 CCMA nominations and 5 Juno nominations (all for Best Country Male Vocalist). He also won 6 awards at the 2004 Ontario Country Performer and Fan Association awards. In 2006, he was awarded with the Global Artist Award at the CMA Awards in Nashville.

paragraph: McCoy was also one of the three members of the group The Road Hammers, which has released two studio albums, in addition to charting four singles in Canada and one in the United States before parting ways in 2010. The group later reunited in 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Barrie, Ontario and was raised for a time in Camrose, Alberta before his family settled in Anten Mills, Ontario. At around the age of 5, his family moved to Camrose, Alberta, returning three years later. "The cowboy culture really stuck with me. I just fell in love with the music. For some reason, as a little kid, I had some sort of connection with these guys who were singing about these depressing things," McCoy said, citing Merle Haggard and Johnny Cash to lesser known artists like Ed Bruce and Wynn Stewart. "I just didn't have a voice for rock 'n' roll." Jason started playing guitar at age 7 and wrote his first song when he was 12.

paragraph: In his teens, Jason owned a rock 'n' roll guitar and was partial to AC/DC. In the 1980s, he joined a band called Three Quarter Country, which performed at legions, Saturday night dances, and clubs in Barrie, Midland, Orillia and other small towns. Jason won a talent contest in Barrie,Ontario where he was discovered by country music writer Henry McGuirk who later became his manager and arranged for him to travel to Nashville to record an album with producer Ray Griff. He later signed with MCA Records in 1995.

paragraph: On May 1, 1999, he married his longtime love, Terrine Barnes. The couple have two children.

paragraph: McCoy was a member of the country-rock group The Road Hammers from 2005 to 2010, which also featured musicians Clayton Bellamy and Chris Byrne, and earlier, Corbett Frasz. His first album in seven years, "Everything", was released on March 1, 2011.

paragraph: On April 4, 2016, McCoy joined the "Drive Home" broadcast team of Country 101.1 out of Ottawa, Ontario as a DJ, on air from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m (with costar Nancy Stapleton).

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 2004 OCPFA Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1 Gold album ("Playin' for Keeps")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19 CCMA Award Nominations

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5 time Juno Award Male Country Vocalist of the Year Nominee

paragraph: BULLET::::- Global Artist of the Year in 2006 for the CMA Awards

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Road Hammers Official

description: Canadian singer

wikidata_label: Jason McCoy

wikipedia_title: Jason McCoy


text:
Quba
Mirza Muhammad Khan II
naib
Mushkur
Shabran
Buduq
Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828
Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829
Erzurum
serasker
podporuchik
Hasankale
Shamakhi
Tbilisi
Abbasgulu
poruchik
captain
Caucasian war
Samur
stabsrittmeister
Imperial Guard
rittmeister
Haji Murad
aul
Akhty
colonel
"For bravery"
Order of St. George
major-general
Alexander II
Moscow
Derbent
Caucasian Army
lieutenant general
Quba
Baku
Bibiheybət
Azerbaijani
Russian
Lezgi
Lezgin
Hasan Bakikhanov
Order of Saint Anna
Order of Saint Vladimir
Golden Weapon "For Bravery"
Order of Saint Vladimir
Order of Saint George
Order of Saint Stanislaus
Order of Saint Anna

categories: 1793 births,1867 deaths,Azerbaijani nobility,People of the Caucasian War,Burials in Baku,Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class

paragraph: Jafargulu Bakikhanov

paragraph: Jafargulu Bakikhanov () was an Azerbaijani noble and Russian general.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was said to be born in either 1796 or 1799 in some resources. But latest research revealed he was born on 6 February 1793 in Quba to Mirza Muhammad Khan II and Sofia khanum. He has received title naib of Mushkur in 1827 and Shabran districts in 1830s. He was also naib of Buduq.

paragraph: He entered military in 1820. Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828 was his first war experience followed by Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. He participated in Mil battle in which Erzurum serasker Salih Pasha was captured. He was promoted to rank of podporuchik following capture of Hasankale and Erzurum.

paragraph: Section::::Imprisonment.

paragraph: Citizens of Quba revolted in 1837 against Russian oppression and Jafargulu's harsh taxation. He was summoned to Shamakhi, then to Tbilisi and removed from his earlier posts. He was later sent to Warsaw and his elder brother Abbasgulu was summoned to Tbilisi to give explanation about events. Confused Abbasgulu tried to explain they were not perpetrators, but victims as their cousin Ali Pasha was also killed during rebellion.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: He was promoted to poruchik rank in 1838 and to that of captain in 1841 during Caucasian war. In the campaigns of 1842-1843 Bakikhanov fought against the mountaineers in the Samur region and Mountainous Dagestan; a service for which he was awarded with rank stabsrittmeister of Cossack Regiment of the Imperial Guard and subsequent appointment in Separate Caucasian Corps and the following year was promoted to the rittmeister of the Guard . In 1844-1848 he was also in Dagestan and participated in the battles of Salta and Gergebil, including the battle against Haji Murad. He especially distinguished himself during the storming of the last aul - Akhty - in 1848. For his services, he was promoted to colonel on June 6, 1848 and was awarded a gold sword with the inscription "For bravery".

paragraph: After 25 years of service, he was awarded Order of St. George (4th rank) on 26 November 1850 alongside being promoted to major-general. He attended the coronation of Alexander II in Moscow on 7 September 1856, representing Derbent delegation. He was stationed in Caucasian Army since 1857, however for political reasons, he was dismissed from service with a uniform and a full salary pension on October 18, 1864 after being promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. However, he was recalled to service on 19 April 1866.

paragraph: Section::::Family and death.

paragraph: He died in 1867, Quba while his body was taken to Baku and was buried in Bibiheybət. He spoke Azerbaijani and Russian in addition to Lezgi. He was married to Chimnaz khanum - a daughter of Lezgin bek Khanbutay beg Yargunvi (1761-1823). They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nurjahan khanum (6 July 1832 - 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hasan Bakikhanov (8 May 1833 - 28 November 1898)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahmad Bakikhanov (16 June 1837 - 13 April 1882)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayna khanum (b. 8 September 1837)

paragraph: Section::::Awards and decorations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Saint Anna (3rd rank) - 1830

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Saint Vladimir (4th rank) - 1830

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden Weapon "For Bravery" - 1848

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Saint Vladimir (3th rank) - 1849

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Saint George (4th rank) - 1850

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Saint Stanislaus (1st rank) - 1851

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Saint Anna (1st rank) - 1861

description: Azerbaijani general

wikidata_label: Jafargulu Bakikhanov

wikipedia_title: Jafargulu Bakikhanov


text: Sir Michael Kerr

text: Westminster School

text: Magdalen College, Oxford

text: called to the Bar

text: Gray’s Inn

text: Bencher

text: Queen's Counsel

text: Recorder

text: employment tribunal

text: Mr Justice Eder

text: knighthood

categories: Queen's Bench Division judges,People educated at Westminster School,Queen's Counsel 2001–,1958 births,Members of Gray's Inn,Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford,British Queen's Counsel,Living people

paragraph: Timothy Kerr

paragraph: Sir Timothy Julian Kerr (born 15 February 1958), styled The Hon. Mr Justice Kerr, is a judge of the High Court of England and Wales.

paragraph: The son of Sir Michael Kerr, a German-born High Court judge, Kerr was educated at Westminster School and Magdalen College, Oxford. He was called to the Bar at Gray’s Inn in 1983, becoming a Bencher in 2015. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 2001, and a Recorder from 2008. He sat as part time chairman of employment tribunals from 2001 to 2006. He also sat on various sports tribunals.

paragraph: Kerr was appointed a Justice of the High Court (Queen's Bench Division) on 4 June 2015, on the retirement of Mr Justice Eder. He received the customary knighthood in November of that year.

wikidata_label: Timothy Kerr

wikipedia_title: Timothy Kerr