text: United States Army

text: Medal of Honor

text: Vietnam War

text: Brooklyn, New York

text: Specialist Five

text: 5th Special Forces Group

text: Republic of Vietnam

text: South Vietnam

text: Fort Bragg, NC

text: Long Island National Cemetery

text: Farmingdale, New York

text: Forward Operating Base

text: reconnaissance

text: irregular troops

text: guerrilla

text: battalion

text: North Vietnamese Army

text: List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,American military personnel killed in the Vietnam War,1946 births,People from Brooklyn,1968 deaths,United States Army soldiers,Burials at Long Island National Cemetery

paragraph: John J. Kedenburg

paragraph: John James Kedenburg (July 31, 1946 – June 14, 1968) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Vietnam War.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Kedenburg joined the Army from his birthplace of Brooklyn, New York in 1965, and by June 13, 1968, was serving as a Specialist Five in the 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), 1st Special Forces. During a fierce firefight on that day, in the Republic of Vietnam/Laos, Kedenburg voluntarily gave the last spot on an extraction helicopter to a South Vietnamese soldier. Ordering the full helicopter to leave, he then continued to engage the enemy alone until being overrun.

paragraph: A road at Fort Bragg, NC is named in his honor.

paragraph: Kedenburg, aged 21 at his death, was buried in Long Island National Cemetery, Farmingdale, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Specialist Kedenburg's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

paragraph: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Sp5 Kedenburg, U.S. Army, Command and Control Detachment North, Forward Operating Base 2, 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), distinguished himself while serving as advisor to a long-range reconnaissance team of South Vietnamese irregular troops. The team's mission was to conduct counter-guerrilla operations deep within enemy-held territory. Prior to reaching the day's objective, the team was attacked and encircled by a battalion-size North Vietnamese Army force. Sp5 Kedenburg assumed immediate command of the team which succeeded, after a fierce fight, in breaking out of the encirclement. As the team moved through thick jungle to a position from which it could be extracted by helicopter, Sp5 Kedenburg conducted a gallant rear guard fight against the pursuing enemy and called for tactical air support and rescue helicopters. His withering fire against the enemy permitted the team to reach a preselected landing zone with the loss of only 1 man, who was unaccounted for. Once in the landing zone, Sp5 Kedenburg deployed the team into a perimeter defense against the numerically superior enemy force. When tactical air support arrived, he skillfully directed air strikes against the enemy, suppressing their fire so that helicopters could hover over the area and drop slings to be used in the extraction of the team. After half of the team was extracted by helicopter, Sp5 Kedenburg and the remaining 3 members of the team harnessed themselves to the sling on a second hovering helicopter. Just as the helicopter was to lift them out of the area, the South Vietnamese team member who had been unaccounted for after the initial encounter with the enemy appeared in the landing zone. Sp5c. Kedenburg unhesitatingly gave up his place in the sling to the man and directed the helicopter pilot to leave the area. He then continued to engage the enemy who were swarming into the landing zone, killing 6 enemy soldiers before he was overpowered. Sp5 Kedenburg's inspiring leadership, consummate courage and willing self-sacrifice permitted his small team to inflict heavy casualties on the enemy and escape almost certain annihilation. His actions reflect great credit upon himself and the U.S. Army.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War

wikidata_label: John J. Kedenburg

wikipedia_title: John J. Kedenburg


text:
Marquess of Montferrat
King of Thessalonica
Trino
Boniface II
Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford
Maud de Lacy
Eleanor of Provence
Piedmont
Alessandria
Asti
Kingdom of France
Roman Catholic Church
Holy Roman Emperor
Ghibelline
Guelph
Charles I of Naples
Oberto Pelavicino
Acqui Terme
Tortona
Novi Ligure
Nizza Monferrato
Lanzo
Angevins
Alfonso X of Castile
Manfred of Sicily
Emperor Frederick II
Beatrice
Murcia
infante
John of Castile
Yolande
Andronikos II Palaiologos
John I
Poncello Orsini
vicar-general
Pavia
Asti
Genoa
Pope Gregory X
Battle of Roccavione
Trino Vercellese
Turin
House of Savoy
Po
Vercelli
captain
Casale
Alba
Novara
Brescia
Cremona
Lodi
Ottone Visconti
Torriani
lire
Thomas III of Savoy
Grugliasco
Collegno
Violante
Byzantine Emperor
Andronicus II Palaeologus
Dante
John
Saluzzo
Cistercian
Santa Maria di Lucedio
Chivasso
Aleramici

categories: Condottieri,Marquesses of Montferrat,People from the Province of Vercelli,13th-century Italian people,1240 births,Aleramici,1292 deaths

paragraph: William VII, Marquess of Montferrat

paragraph: William VII (c. 1240 – 6 February 1292), called the Great Marquess (), was the twelfth Marquess of Montferrat from 1253 to his death. He was also the titular King of Thessalonica.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Youth.

paragraph: William was born in Trino, the eldest son of Boniface II and Margaret of Savoy. He was named his father's heir in a testament of 1253, the year of his father's death and his succession. He remained under his mother's regency until 1257. Upon attaining his majority, he married Isabella, daughter of Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, by second wife Maud de Lacy, in 1258. William's mother was a first cousin of Eleanor of Provence, queen consort of England, and it was through the latter's influence that the marriage was arranged.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Piedmontese politics.

paragraph: In his first years, William looked to exert his power in the southern Piedmont, as many of his predecessors had tried, fighting the independence of the communes of Alessandria and Asti. William sought alliance and support from the Kingdom of France and the Roman Catholic Church. However, his relationship and proximity to the Holy Roman Emperor left him at odds with the Ghibellines. His anti-imperial, pro-French, Guelph policy left him not insignificant problems concerning the imperial authority and his imperialist neighbours.

paragraph: His participation in Guelph politics and the planned invasion of Lombardy with Charles I of Naples, caused a war with Oberto Pelavicino, the chief Ghibelline commander in the region, in 1264. William resisted him with determination and effectiveness, occupying the fortresses of Acqui Terme, Tortona, and Novi Ligure, and affirming his hold on Nizza Monferrato. In 1265, French reinforcements arrived. Less than eight years from his accession, William had extended his power to Lanzo and the vicinity of Alessandria.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:War against Charles I of Naples.

paragraph: Though aided immensely by the Angevins, the lords of Montferrat had never been known for loyalty to a cause or party and William was no different, abandoning Charles soon after his success, probably fearful of the king's rising power in northern Italy and of being encircled by an Angevin state.

paragraph: William allied with Alfonso X of Castile, who had declared himself the heir of Manfred of Sicily and therefore of the Emperor Frederick II, as the leaders of an anti-Angevin coalition. In order to cement the alliance also with the Spanish king, the marquess (widowed since 1270) married Beatrice, Alfonso's daughter, at Murcia in August 1271. A future marriage between William's only daughter by his first marriage with Isabella de Clare, Margaret, and the "infante" John of Castile, son of Alfonso X, was also planned. Beatrice and William had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. a son (1272–1273), died young

paragraph: BULLET::::2. a son (1272–1273), died young and twin of previous

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Yolande (1274–1317), married Andronikos II Palaiologos and had issue

paragraph: BULLET::::4. John I (c. 1275-1305), succeeded his father as Marquess

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Alessina (died before 1305), married Poncello Orsini

paragraph: From Alfonso, William received the promise of military aid in the case of an Angevin attack. Alfonso named his son-in-law as vicar-general of Lombardy, in opposition to Charles' vicar. This last attacked William's lands and despite the promises, he received no aid from Alfonso.

paragraph: Left alone and seeing his domains under attack by his enemies and Tortona and Acqui lost, William scrambled to form an alliance with the Ghibelline cities of Pavia, Asti, and Genoa. He continued to wait for aid from Alfonso, but the king had given up on Germany and Italy. Nevertheless, a small troupe of Spanish soldiers found their way to Montferrat. With these and his allies, despite the excommunication of Pope Gregory X, William prepared to defend his territories. On 10 November 1274, at the Battle of Roccavione, William and the Ghibellines definitively defeated Charles I and routed his forces. He advanced far, taking Trino Vercellese and Turin, which offended the House of Savoy, which considered itself the rightful possessor of the city on the Po.

paragraph: Around 1278, the commune of Vercelli recognized William as lord, and Alessandria named him captain. Casale and Tortona also nominated him as captain. William thus ended the war in a superior position to that with which he had begun.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Captain of Milan.

paragraph: Having become the military leader of various Lombard cities, including Pavia, Vercelli, Alessandria, Tortona, Genoa, Turin, Asti, Alba, Novara, Brescia, Cremona, and Lodi, he was also elected head of the anti-Angevin coalition. Ottone Visconti asked William to fight the Torriani (1278), with an annual salary of 10,000 lire. However, he was defeated and forced to return to Montferrat.

paragraph: Milan, however, was left bereft of military leadership and Ottone Visconti soon requested William's aid again. He was invited back to the city and accepted, this time demanding the lordship of Milan for ten years in exchange.

paragraph: William did not long enjoy his time in Milan, for his authority was soon challenged in Alessandria and Asti. He left Milan in the hands of a vicar and went to fight the rebellious cities. However, he was captured by Thomas III of Savoy, whom he had made his enemy in taking Turin. In order to obtain his liberty, he ceded Turin, as well as Grugliasco and Collegno, and a huge sum of gold. He was freed on 21 June 1280. Starting from that moment, the power in the Piedmont would gradually pass into the hands to the House of Savoy.

paragraph: Weakened by continuous warfare, William soon lost control of Milan. On 27 December 1281, he was chased from the city by the one who had brought him there, Ottone Visconti.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Final war.

paragraph: In compensation for the loss of Milan, William received Alba. His daughter by Beatrice of Castile, Violante (Yolanda), married the Byzantine Emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus, taking the name Irene (Eirene). William was soon campaigning again, in a continuous flow of defeats alternated to victories. Having reduced Alessandria to submission, the citizens of Asti paid the Alessandrians a large sum of money and induced them to revolt against the marquess again. Constrained to deal with Alessandria once and for all, William encamped with a large army in front of the city walls. Heeding the appeals of the citizens, he entered the city to negotiate a peace, but was imprisoned in a cage, iron or wooden, for a public exhibition, until death released him 18 months later, probably due to hunger. Dante refers to the misery caused in Monferrato and the Canavese by the war with Alessandria in Canto VII of Purgatory:

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: William left a son, John, who inherited the marquisate. The lands he inherited were divided by years of constant war and few communes remained faithful. Sent to Saluzzo for his safety, John stayed there a year.

paragraph: William's body was given back to his family and was buried in the Cistercian abbey of Santa Maria di Lucedio, alongside his father. His obituary remembers him as "fundator huius monasterii" ("founder of this monastery"), although in reality he was just a member of the founding family.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The marquisate of Montferrat was torn to pieces by the incessant expansionistic wars of William VII's reign. Chivasso, the centre of the marquess' power, the veritable capital and seat of the "marca Aleramica", was but an unimportant provincial town at the time. Never again would the Aleramici succeed in establishing their authority over the Piedmont.

paragraph: The war with Charles of Sicily, the other chief objective, after Piedmont, of William's rule, was essential to the defence of his domain. The victory at Roccavione did not, however, sustain his power in the Piedmont.

paragraph: Despite these political and military failures, William's liberality was praised by his contemporaries. He ran a government without oppression or corruption attaching to his name.

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: William VII, Marquess of Montferrat

wikipedia_title: William VII, Marquess of Montferrat


text:
urushi-e
benizuri-e
Richard Lane
Torii Kiyonobu II
Lane, Richard
OCLC 5246796

paragraph: Torii Kiyomasu II

paragraph: His prints, like many at the time, were made largely using the "urushi-e" (lacquer print) and "benizuri-e" (rose print) methods; the lines or outlines of the prints themselves would often be in monochrome or a limited number of colors and the rest would be done by hand.

paragraph: Richard Lane writes that the majority of Kiyomasu's work is "quite stereotyped, lacking in vitality or fertility of invention." He writes the same of the works of Torii Kiyonobu II, but says of both artists that "in perhaps a quarter of their prints they manage to rise above the confines of their own limited talents and produce work of rare grace and charm."

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane, Richard. (1978). "Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print." Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 5246796

description: Japanese artist

wikidata_label: Torii Kiyomasu II

wikipedia_title: Torii Kiyomasu II


text: Hamar

text: gothic metal

text: Theatre of Tragedy

text: Liv Kristine

text: gothic rock

text: The Crest

text: Letters from Fire

text: Vain City Chronicles

text: Storm

text: Forever Is the World

text: Storm

text: Deadland

text: Addenda

text: Gothminister

text: Gothic Electronic Anthems

text: Gothminister

text: Happiness in Darkness

text: Dark Tranquillity

text: Fiction

text: Dark Tranquillity

text: Where Death Is Most Alive

text: DVD

categories: Theatre of Tragedy members,1976 births,Norwegian heavy metal singers,People from Hamar,Norwegian female singers,Female heavy metal singers,Norwegian sopranos,Living people

paragraph: Nell Sigland

paragraph: Ragnhild Westgaard Sigland (born 13 November 1976), mostly known by her stage name Nell Sigland, is a Norwegian singer from Hamar, best known as the lead vocalist of Norwegian gothic metal band Theatre of Tragedy as a replacement for Liv Kristine, from June 3, 2004 to October 2, 2010. She was also the lead singer for Norwegian gothic rock band The Crest, founded by her husband Kristian Sigland and herself.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:The Crest.

paragraph: Demos:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Straightjacket Singalongs" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Childhood's End/Thorn" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thunderfuel" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dark Rock Armada" (2000)

paragraph: Albums:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Letters from Fire" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vain City Chronicles" (2005)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Theatre of Tragedy.

paragraph: Albums:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Storm" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forever Is the World" (2009)

paragraph: Singles:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Storm" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deadland" (2009)

paragraph: EPs:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Addenda" (2010)

paragraph: DVDs:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Last Curtain Call" (2011) (also live album)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Guest appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gothminister – "Gothic Electronic Anthems" (2003) – Vocals in the songs "Hatred" and "Wish".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gothminister – "Happiness in Darkness" (2008) – Vocals in the songs "Your Saviour", "The Allmighty" and "Emperor".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dark Tranquillity - "Fiction" (2007) - Co-vocals on "The Mundane and the Magic".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dark Tranquillity - "Where Death Is Most Alive" DVD (2009) - Co-vocals on "The Mundane and the Magic" and "Insanity's Crescendo".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alight – "Don't Fear the Revenge" (2009) – Vocals in the song "Your Bride".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nell Sigland - profile at official Theatre of Tragedy website

description: Norwegian singer

wikidata_label: Nell Sigland

wikipedia_title: Nell Sigland


text: British

text: peer

text: House of Lords

text: Baron Oriel

text: Irish Viscountcies

text: House of Lords Act 1999

text: UKIP

text: House of Lords by-election

text: Millfield

text: Institute Monte Rosa

text: Grenadier Guards

text: London Stock Exchange

text: Charles Skeffington

text: Chilham Castle

text: Conservative Monday Club

text: Right Now!

text: Derek Turner

text: The Freedom Association

text: The Times

text: Sunday Times

categories: Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers,1940 births,British stockbrokers,Viscounts in the Peerage of Ireland,People educated at Millfield,UK Independence Party people,Grenadier Guards officers,Living people

paragraph: John David Clotworthy Whyte-Melville Foster Skeffington, 14th Viscount Massereene and 7th Viscount Ferrard (born 3 June 1940) is a British peer.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: John Skeffington succeeded his father, John Whyte-Melville-Skeffington, 13th Viscount Massereene, in 1992 and regularly attended the House of Lords (where he sat under the title Baron Oriel, his Irish Viscountcies not entitling him to a seat) until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 which ended the automatic right for hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords. Lord Massereene stood unsuccessfully as a UKIP candidate in a House of Lords by-election in 2013.

paragraph: Educated at Millfield and the Institute Monte Rosa, he served in the Grenadier Guards regiment 1958–1961. He is a major landowner, holds various directorships, and is a stockbroker with M.D.Barnard & Co; member of the London Stock Exchange 1961–1964, and from 1970 to the present. He married in 1970, to Ann Denise Rowlandson. The couple have two sons, including Charles Skeffington (his heir), and one daughter.

paragraph: Lord Massereene oversaw the sale of Chilham Castle in 1996, the family's ancestral home in Kent; the family seat is now in North Yorkshire.

paragraph: Like his father, he is President of the Conservative Monday Club, and was a patron of "Right Now!", a magazine edited by Derek Turner. He also participated on the council of The Freedom Association and was a to The Sanity Petition ("Sanity" is an acronym for "Subjects Against the NIce TreatY")

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: "The Times" and "Sunday Times" online archives

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Skeffington, 14th Viscount Massereene

description: British noble


text: Welsh

text: Missouri River

text: Waunfawr

text: Caernarfon

text: Madog

text: North America

text: Indians

text: Mandan

text: Iolo Morganwg

text: United States

text: Baltimore

text: St. Louis

text: Spanish

text: route

text: Pacific Ocean

text: Mississippi

text: Thomas Jefferson

text: Lewis and Clark Expedition

text: New Orleans

text: mobile application

text: American Interior

text: Gruff Rhys

text: Super Furry Animals

text: Part of John Evans's map

categories: People from Gwynedd,Welsh explorers,1799 deaths,British explorers of North America,1770 births

paragraph: John Evans (explorer)

paragraph: John Thomas Evans (April 1770 – May 1799) was a Welsh explorer who produced an early map of the Missouri River.

paragraph: Evans was born in Waunfawr, near Caernarfon. In the early 1790s there was an upsurge of interest in Wales in the story of Madog having discovered America, and there were persistent rumours in North America of the existence of a tribe of Welsh Indians, identified with the Mandan. Iolo Morganwg had originally intended to explore the Missouri to discover these Welsh Indians, and Evans was to have gone with him. However, Iolo withdrew from the expedition and Evans embarked for the United States alone, arriving in Baltimore in October 1792. In the spring of 1793 he made his way to St. Louis in Spanish Louisiana, where he was imprisoned for a while on suspicion of being a British spy.

paragraph: In April 1795 he set off on an expedition with Spanish backing to explore the Missouri and to try to discover a route to the Pacific Ocean from its headwaters. He found the Mandan in 1796, and spent the winter with them before returning to St. Louis in 1797, however, he found no trace of Welsh speakers among them. He had travelled 1,800 miles up the Missouri from its confluence with the Mississippi, and he produced a map showing the course of the river. This map, passed on by Thomas Jefferson was later used by the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

paragraph: Evans remained in the service of the Spanish authorities, but died in New Orleans in May 1799.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: In 2014, the history of John Evans gained renewed popular interest as the topic of a book, film, album and mobile application, all entitled "American Interior", created and produced by Welsh musician Gruff Rhys, vocalist with Super Furry Animals.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gwyn A. Williams (1979) "Madog: the making of a myth" (Eyre Methuen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Floyd C. and William B. McGroarty Shoemaker, A. Nasatir (1931) "John Evans, Explorer and Surveyor" (Missouri Historical Review, Volume 25, Number 2-4)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gruff Rhys (2014) "The Quixotic Journey of John Evans, His Search for a Lost Tribe and How, Fuelled by Fantasy and (Possibly) Booze, He Accidentally Annexed a Third of North America" (Hamish Hamilton, Penguin Books Ltd.)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Part of John Evans's map

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Footsteps of the Third Spanish Expedition: James Mackay and John T. Evans' Impact on the Lewis and Clark Expedition", "Great Plains Quarterly" 26:2 (Spring 2006), Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

wikidata_label: John Evans

wikipedia_title: John Evans (explorer)


text: Canadian

text: solar eclipse

text: McCormick Observatory

text: Kingston, Ontario

text: St. Austell

text: Cornwall

text: Devonshire

text: Queen's University

text: Nathan Dupuis

text: The Johns Hopkins University

text: Simon Newcomb

text: Charles Lane Poor

text: Astrophysical Journal

text: astigmatism

text: concave

text: grating

text: astronomical transit

text: refractor

text: Yerkes Observatory

text: Wisconsin

text: Columbia University

text: Barnard College

text: geodesy

text: eclipse

text: Griffin, Georgia

text: United States Naval Observatory

text: Sumatra

text: Dutch West Indies

text: Spain

text: Baker, Oregon

text: San Diego, California

text: Van Vleck Observatory

text: Connecticut

text: Norway

text: Tonga

text: Magog, Quebec

text: Kanton Island

text: Kiribati

text: National Geographic Society

text: National Geographic Magazine

text: Howard Russell Butler

text: totality

text: Hayden Planetarium

text: American Museum of Natural History

text: Frank Schlesinger

text: Leander McCormick Observatory

text: University of Virginia

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: James Craig Watson

text: American Astronomical Society

text: Royal Astronomical Society

text: International Astronomical Union

text: American Philosophical Society

text: American Academy of Arts and Sciences

text: ice hockey

text: Yale University

text: point position

text: Edwin Theodore Dumble

text: Texas

text: Southern Pacific Railroad

text: petroleum

text: Allan C. G. Mitchell

text: Indiana University

text: Cyclotron

text: Alice Mitchell Rivlin

text: Bloomington, Indiana

categories: American astronomers,Canadian people of Cornish descent,1874 births,University of Virginia faculty,1960 deaths

paragraph: Samuel Alfred Mitchell

paragraph: Samuel Alfred Mitchell (April 29, 1874 – February 22, 1960) was a Canadian-American astronomer who studied solar eclipses and set up a program to use photographic techniques to determine the distance to stars at McCormick Observatory, where he served as the director.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Mitchell was born in Kingston, Ontario, the son of John Cook and Sarah Chown Mitchell, the sixth of ten children to grow up in the Mitchell home. Mitchell's father (a tenth child) emigrated to Canada from St. Austell, Cornwall. His mother, born in Kingston, was the tenth child of parents who emigrated to Canada from Devonshire. At age twelve Mitchell went off to Kingston Collegiate Institute. From there, he went on to Queen's University where he received his Masters of Arts in mathematics in 1894. While at Queen's University, he acquired knowledge of the techniques of an astronomical observatory when he was asked to care for the astronomical instruments of the university.

paragraph: Upon encouragement from his math professor, Nathan Dupuis, he left in 1895 for The Johns Hopkins University to study math under Simon Newcomb, only to find Newcomb retired. Thomas Craig was the new head of mathematics and Mitchell also began study under Charles Lane Poor, the head of astronomy. Poor was an excellent teacher and Mitchell was inclined to follow astronomy from that point on. Mitchell was awarded an astronomy assistantship for his second year at JHU and continued until he received his PhD in 1898 with his thesis published in the Astrophysical Journal, which included a discussion of the amount of astigmatism of a concave grating. While at Hopkins, his astronomy duties consisted of caring for the astronomical transit instrument and the clocks in the little observatory behind the physics laboratory, and the 9.5-inch refractor in the dome of the laboratory roof.

paragraph: Section::::Yerkes Observatory.

paragraph: Following receipt of his doctoral degree, Mitchell set out for the brand new Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin where he began work as a research student in 1898. Though he enjoyed his work at Yerkes, he was enticed to move away and became an instructor in astronomy at Columbia University in June 1899. Over the fourteen years he was at Columbia, Mitchell taught undergraduate courses in descriptive astronomy both at Columbia and later for girls from Barnard College, a year long course in geodesy for third year students, which continued into a first semester fourth year course, and a six-week summer camp for civil engineers.

paragraph: Section::::Eclipse work.

paragraph: In 1900, he took what would be for him the first of ten eclipse expeditions. The May 28, 1900 eclipse took him to Griffin, Georgia with the United States Naval Observatory. Mitchell became a world-renowned authority on solar eclipses through his numerous expeditions, including trips to: Sawah Loento, Sumatra in the Dutch West Indies (May 18, 1901), Daroca, Spain (August 30, 1905), Baker, Oregon (June 8, 1918), San Diego, California (September 10, 1923), Van Vleck Observatory, Middleton, Connecticut (January 24, 1925), Fagernas, Norway (June 29, 1927), Niuafoou or "Tin-Can" Island, Tonga, in the South Pacific Ocean (October 22, 1930), Magog, Quebec, Canada (August 31, 1932), and Kanton Island, Kiribati (June 8, 1937), this time as the scientific leader of a National Geographic Society Expedition. An article entitled "Nature's Most Dramatic Spectacle" by Mitchell appeared in the September 1938 edition of National Geographic Magazine. These ten expeditions allowed him to write Eclipses of the Sun, summarizing his work on solar flash spectra, first published in 1923 and produced through five editions (5th edition, 1951). On the 1918 Oregon and the 1925 Connecticut eclipses, Mitchell was accompanied by the artist Howard Russell Butler (1856–1934), whose paintings of totality graced the old Hayden Planetarium of the American Museum of Natural History for many years.

paragraph: Section::::Parallax work and Leander McCormick Observatory.

paragraph: Mitchell went back to Yerkes for the summers of 1909, 1910 and 1911 and then returned for a fifteen-month sabbatical in 1912 and 1913. Frank Schlesinger first demonstrated the technique of determining stellar parallaxes photographically at Yerkes in 1905, and Mitchell (along with Frederick Slocum) carried out research applying the technique, publishing their results in 1913. At that point, he was offered the directorship at the Leander McCormick Observatory at the University of Virginia. Mitchell spent much of his time and energy as director coming up with funds for running the observatory and paying staff and graduate students. Mitchell started the use of photographic plates with the visual 26-inch refractor shortly after his arrival at the University of Virginia. He became well known for his work on stellar parallaxes and photometry. Dr. Mitchell was liked by faculty and students alike, known for helping to bring prestige to the University.

paragraph: Section::::Society Memberships.

paragraph: Mitchell was elected Director Emeritus in 1945 with a wealth of academic and scientific honors attributed to him. He was a member of the following societies: National Academy of Sciences (elected in 1933, elected to council in 1940, awarded James Craig Watson Medal in 1948), American Association for the Advancement of Science (Vice-President in 1921), American Astronomical Society (Vice-President 1925–1927), Royal Astronomical Society (fellow and associate), International Astronomical Union (president of Commission on Solar Eclipses and Commission on Stellar Parallaxes and Proper Motions), American Association of University Professors (chairman of Committee A, on Academic Freedom and Tenure), American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

paragraph: Section::::Ice hockey career.

paragraph: While studying at the Johns Hopkins University Mitchell played on the university ice hockey team. In February 1896 he was a part of the Johns Hopkins team that played against the Yale University team in the first two intercollegiate ice hockey games in the United States. The Johns Hopkins team also played six games against the Baltimore Athletic Club during the 1895–96 season, and one game against an All-Washington aggregation.

paragraph: As an ice hockey player Mitchell played predominantly at the point position which is an archaic ice hockey position equivalent to a defensive defenseman today. Mitchell also played with the university team during the 1896–97 and 1897–98 seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In December 1899, Mitchell married Milly Gray Dumble, the daughter of Edwin Theodore Dumble, who was then the State Geologist of Texas and was later Consulting Geologist of the Southern Pacific Railroad, an expert in petroleum production.

paragraph: The Mitchells' son, Allan C. G. Mitchell (1902–1963), was chair of the Indiana University Physics Department from 1938–1963 and pioneered the creation of the IU Cyclotron Facility in 1941 (one of the first in the world).

paragraph: The Mitchells' granddaughter is the economist Alice Mitchell Rivlin.

paragraph: Mitchell died in Bloomington, Indiana.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: "History of the McCormick Observatory: Samuel Alfred Mitchell" bio, Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia.

description: American astronomer

wikidata_label: Samuel Alfred Mitchell

wikipedia_title: Samuel Alfred Mitchell


text: Edward Spencer Jenison

text: Chicago

text: The Great Chicago Fire

text: Nancy Blanche Jenison

text: John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke

text: Mary Horgan Mowbray-Clarke

text: Katharine Anthony

text: The Sunwise Turn, a Modern Bookshop

text: Peggy Guggenheim

text: Margaret Anderson

text: Harold Loeb

text: Arthur Davies

text: Armory Show

text: Theodore Dreiser

text: Robert Frost

text: William Zorach

text: Martha Ryther

text: Charles Burchfield

text: Herbert E. Crowley

text: Detroit

text: Neighborhood Playhouse

text: Auguste Rodin

text: Rainer Maria Rilke

text: Women's National Book Association

categories: 20th-century American women writers,American women novelists,1874 births,American women short story writers,Writers from Chicago,20th-century American novelists,1960 deaths,20th-century American short story writers

paragraph: Madge Jenison

paragraph: Madge Jenison (1874–1960) was an American author, activist, and bookstore owner. She wrote novels, short stories, cultural criticism, and scripts. Her father, Edward Spencer Jenison, was a prominent Chicago architect who helped rebuild the city after The Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Her sister, Nancy Blanche Jenison, was a pioneering woman physician.

paragraph: In the early years of the 20th century Madge Jenison moved from Chicago to New York, where she found success with writing, primarily for magazines.

paragraph: She soon met sculptor John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke, at a dinner given by "some liberal group". He was immediately taken with her, later telling his wife, Mary Horgan Mowbray-Clarke, that he had been seated between "two of the most interesting women in America." One was the biographer Katharine Anthony; the other was Madge Jenison.

paragraph: In late 1915, she conceived the idea that "a bookshop of a different kind must be opened in America." Jenison co-founded The Sunwise Turn, a Modern Bookshop with Mary Horgan Mowbray-Clarke in a leased building at 2 E. 31st. Besides offering books which interested them personally they also held readings and sold paintings, prints, sculptures and textiles in the small shop. The Sunwise Turn was one of the first bookstores in the America to be run by women, and Jenison wrote in 1923 that "In the winter of 1919 - 20 we had eight unpaid apprentices - all women of a great deal of background. They sold thousands of dollars worth of books for us. They filed invoices. They swept floors. They ran on errands." One of their unpaid interns was Peggy Guggenheim. Working as an apprentice at the Sunwise Turn, she absorbed much about avant-garde culture, and it was there that she was introduced to the poet Margaret Anderson. Harold Loeb wrote of her at this time "Coming under Mary Clarke's spell Peggy gradually discarded many traditional taboos and adopted a whole set of new ones. Feeling guilty, no doubt, for having inherited wealth, she came to deny herself some of the luxuries to which she was accustomed In compensation she collected the latest in experimental painting and gave money and meals to poor artists and writers."

paragraph: Arthur Davies, a principal organizer of the 1913 Armory Show along with John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke, was the designer of the interior of the shop. He chose a "burning orange" color for the walls and worked a prism of colors into the woodwork. Artists and writers featured at the bookshop included Theodore Dreiser, who gave the first reading on April 30. 1916. Robert Frost also gave a reading, as well as a host of others, both well-known and unknown. They showed work by artists such as William Zorach, Martha Ryther, Charles Burchfield, and Herbert E. Crowley.

paragraph: Jenison wrote that "At the end of four years we had branches in Detroit, in the Neighborhood Playhouse, and the Theatre Guild. We had sold books at garden lectures at the Colony Club, at the Socialist and Civil Liberties Conventions, at the International Conference of Women Physicians."

paragraph: The Sunwise Turn also published a "broadsheet" which included poetry and art, as well as political and social commentary by various authors and artists. They also published full-length books in small editions, including a 500-copy edition of a study of sculptor Auguste Rodin by Rainer Maria Rilke in 1919.

paragraph: Periodicals to which Jenison contributed short stories and social commentary included "Harper's Monthly", and "The Atlantic" in the early 1900s, as well as in later years. She published several books in her lifetime: "Dominance" (1928), "Invitation to the Dance" (1929), "Roads" (1949), and her account of the early years of the Sunwise Turn, "Sunwise Turn: A Human Comedy of Bookselling" (1923).

paragraph: Jenison earned recognition in the "Woman’s Who’s Who of America", and was captain 25 Assembly District (N.Y. City) Woman Suffrage Party. She marched in an autumn 1917 women's suffrage parade, representing women booksellers, who at the time were occasionally allowed to join the Bookseller's League events, but were prohibited from joining. She organized 16 women to participate in the march, but was dismayed at the lack of organization among them. This led to a November 13, 1917, meeting which marked the beginning of the Women's National Book Association (WNBA).

paragraph: She was never married.

description: American writer

wikidata_label: Madge Jenison

wikipedia_title: Madge Jenison


text:
courtesy name
Tang dynasty
Luo Binwang
Wang Bo
Yang Jiong
Four Paragons of the Early Tang
Fanyang
Beijing
Wen Xuan
Chinese classics
Li Yuanyu
Emperor Gaozu
Emperor Gaozong
Mount Tai
Xindu
Sichuan
rheumatoid arthritis
alchemist
Sun Simiao
Mount Taibai
Chang'an
alternative name
Ying River
"qilü"
Li Sao
Songs of Chu
Qu Yuan

categories: Poets who committed suicide,Suicides by drowning,Tang dynasty poets,634 births,Poets from Beijing,7th-century Chinese poets,680s deaths,Suicides in China

paragraph: Lu Zhaolin

paragraph: Lu Zhaolin (; ca. 634 – ca. 684 or 686), courtesy name Shengzhi, was a Tang dynasty Chinese poet, traditionally grouped together with Luo Binwang, Wang Bo, and Yang Jiong as the Four Paragons of the Early Tang.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lu Zhaolin was born in Fanyang (near present-day Beijing). He studied under Cao Xian (曹憲; fl. 605–649), the master of "Wen Xuan" studies, and Wang Yifang (王義方; 615–669), a famous scholar of the Chinese classics. He worked in the archive of Prince Li Yuanyu (died 665), the seventeenth son of the founding Emperor Gaozu of the Tang dynasty. Lu was known for his erudition, and was said to have exhaustively studied the large collection of books in the prince's library. In 666, he was a member of the entourage of Emperor Gaozong on the imperial pilgrimage to Mount Tai.

paragraph: Soon afterwards, Lu was appointed the county defender of Xindu in Shu province (modern Sichuan). He later suffered a debilitating disease, probably rheumatoid arthritis, which eventually crippled him. The disability forced him to resign from his post, and he became a disciple of the renowned doctor and alchemist Sun Simiao, living on Mount Taibai and in the capital Chang'an. He adopted the alternative name ("hao") of Youyouzi (幽憂子), or "Master of Shrouded Sorrow". He committed suicide by drowning himself in the Ying River circa 684 or 686, after years of suffering.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Like the other three "paragons" of the early Tang, Lu Zhaolin was capable of composing the highly mannered poetry that was fashionable in the Tang court. However, his work outside the court allowed him significant freedom in his style. Lu was best known for his "qilü", or ballads of seven-character lines, such as "Chang'an: Ancient Theme", but his most remarkable works are poems expressing his personal suffering, such as "Five Sorrows" and "Resolving Sickness", which were written in the style of Li Sao of the "Songs of Chu". Lu was the only medieval poet to successfully revive the "sao" style of the ancient poet Qu Yuan; and just like Qu Yuan, he chose to end his tragic life by drowning himself.

description: Tang dynasty Chinese poet

wikidata_label: Lu Zhaolin

wikipedia_title: Lu Zhaolin


text: dollhouse

text: Rijksmuseum

text: Petronella Oortmans-de la Court

text: Centraal Museum

text: Singel canal

text: Warmoesstraat

text: curated

text: miniatures

text: cabinets of curiosities

text: Dutch Golden Age

text: guilders

text: canal house

text: Rijksmuseum

text: Jacob Appel

text: Willem Frederiksz van Royen

text: Johannes Voorhout

text: Peter the Great

text: Peter the Great

text: The Miniaturist

text: Jessie Burton

categories: 1656 births,1716 deaths,Dutch art collectors,People from Amsterdam

paragraph: Petronella Oortman

paragraph: Petronella Oortman (; 1656–1716) was a Dutch woman whose elaborate dollhouse is part of the permanent collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

paragraph: Petronella Oortman should not be confused with her close namesake Petronella Oortmans-de la Court (1624–1707), who as it happens was also the owner of a noted dollhouse now in the collection of the Centraal Museum, Utrecht.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Oortman grew up as one of seven children near the Singel canal, the daughter of a gun-maker. Oortman was a wealthy widow by the time she married silk merchant Johannes Brandt, with whom she lived on Warmoesstraat in Amsterdam. Like other rich women in Amsterdam, she had a dollhouse built for her that she curated between 1686 and 1710, decorating it with expensive materials and miniatures. At that time gentlemen often possessed "cabinets of curiosities" to hold collections of various objects they had acquired in their lives and travels: indeed such a cabinet can be seen in the small reception room (which also doubled as a funeral parlour) at the bottom right of the dollhouse. In the Amsterdam of the Dutch Golden Age, their wealthy wives similarly created dollhouses as status symbols. The exact location of Oortman's house on Warmooestraat is no longer known, and opinions differ as to how exact a copy the dollhouse would have been, but it would have represented Oortman's dreams and aspirations. Visitors to the household would be shown all the dollhouse's features in sessions that often lasted the entire evening.

paragraph: After Oortman's death, the dollhouse passed to her daughter Hendrina and thence to Hendrina's brother Jan after 1743. According to Hendrina, her mother lavished some 30,000 guilders on the dollhouse, an enormous sum certainly sufficient to buy a canal house of the time. However, an inventory of Jan's estimated its value at just 700 guilders. By way of comparison, Petronella de la Court's dollhouse, for which 1,600 pieces of furniture and paintings and 28 fine dolls were commissioned, was sold in 1744 for 1,200 guilders. Already celebrated in the 18th century, Oortman's dollhouse was bought by the state in 1821 and purchased by the Rijksmuseum in 1875. A painting of the dollhouse was made in 1710 by Jacob Appel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The dollhouse.

paragraph: The dollhouse contains nine rooms. The current state of the rooms is still very much like it was depicted in Appel's painting, though only a few of the dolls remain: only the child in the nursery is left. Also missing are the doll clothes, which were still visible in a photograph from the 1950s. Willem Frederiksz van Royen painted a mural in the game room, and Johannes Voorhout decorated the tapestry room. Porcelain objects were ordered from China.

paragraph: There are various accounts that Peter the Great attempted to buy such a dollhouse. Harry Donga suggests that Oortman's was the dollhouse manufactured on the order of for Peter the Great; the Russian emperor stayed with the Van Brants family for a few days during his second visit to the Netherlands but left, allegedly after Van Brants and the emperor had a falling-out over the 30,000-guilder price demanded by Van Brants.

paragraph: The dollhouse was the inspiration for the 2014 novel "The Miniaturist" by Jessie Burton.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petronella Oortman's entry at the Netherlands Institute for Art History (RKD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dolls’ house of Petronella Oortman 1686 -1710 - a room by room description (in Dutch)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petronella de la Court's dollhouse at the Centraal Museum, Utrecht

description: Dutch art collector

wikidata_label: Petronella Oortman

wikipedia_title: Petronella Oortman


text: Queensland

text: Mayor of Brisbane

text: Lydstep

text: South Pembrokeshire

text: St Pauls Presbyterian Church

text: Spring Hill

text: St Stephens School

text: Charlotte Street

text: Coorparoo

text: Balmoral Cemetery

categories: Mayors and Lord Mayors of Brisbane,1921 deaths,Burials in Balmoral Cemetery, Brisbane

paragraph: Thomas Rees (mayor)

paragraph: Thomas Rees (1844–1921) was a contractor and politician in Queensland, Australia. He was Mayor of Brisbane in 1904.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Thomas Rees was born on 9 September 1844 in Lydstep, South Pembrokeshire, Wales, the son of Evan Rees and his wife Elizabeth (née Thomas).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Thomas Rees built the now heritage-listed St Pauls Presbyterian Church in Spring Hill from 1887 to 1889. In 1892 he built the now heritage-listed Roman Catholic St Stephens School in Charlotte Street.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Thomas Rees died on 31 August 1921 at his home "Lydstep" in Coorparoo. He was buried the same day in Balmoral Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of mayors and lord mayors of Brisbane

description: Welsh politician

wikidata_label: Thomas Rees

wikipedia_title: Thomas Rees (mayor)


text:
American football
offensive tackle
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
National Football League
college football
Penn State
2015 NFL Draft
Hempstead, New York
Owings Mills, Maryland
Owings Mills High School
track & field
Rivals.com
Penn State
college football
2015 NFL Draft
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2015 NFL Draft
Tennessee Titans
Dirk Koetter
eighth season
Spike TV
Ink Master
Penn State Nittany Lions bio

categories: Sportspeople from Baltimore County, Maryland,People from Owings Mills, Maryland,1993 births,Players of American football from New York (state),Penn State Nittany Lions football players,People from Hempstead (town), New York,Players of American football from Maryland,Sportspeople from Nassau County, New York,Living people,American football offensive tackles

paragraph: Donovan Smith

paragraph: Donovan Cole Smith (born June 23, 1993) is an American football offensive tackle for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Penn State, and was drafted by the Buccaneers in the second round of the 2015 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Smith was born in Hempstead, New York and lived in New York until he and his twin sister moved to Owings Mills, Maryland prior to their sophomore year in high school to live with their uncle and his wife.

paragraph: He attended Owings Mills High School, where he did not allow a single sack as a junior or senior and also was a standout defensive lineman. Smith played in the 2011 U.S. Army All-American Bowl. Smith also participated in track & field. Smith was rated by Rivals.com as a four-star recruit and was ranked as the ninth-best offensive tackle in his class. He committed to Penn State to play college football.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Smith attended Penn State from 2011 to 2014. After redshirting his first year, Smith would become a starter in 2012 and would start 31 games during his career.

paragraph: After the 2014 season, Smith decided to forgo his final year of eligibility and entered the 2015 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: The Tampa Bay Buccaneers selected Smith in the second round (34th overall) of the 2015 NFL Draft. On June 1, 2015, the Buccaneers signed him to a four-year, $6.06 million contract with $4.37 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $2.67 million.

paragraph: He entered his rookie season as the Buccaneer's starting left tackle. Smith started the Buccaneer's season opening loss to the Tennessee Titans. He finished his rookie season starting all 16 regular season contests.

paragraph: Smith was named the starting left tackle again the following season under new head coach Dirk Koetter. He started the season-opener the next 13 consecutive games.

paragraph: On March 5, 2019, Smith signed a three-year, $41.5 million contract extension with the Buccaneers.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Smith was raised by his mother, Sharon Smith, and has four siblings. He has three sisters named Ebony, Tamika, and Danielle and has one brother named Dwayne. He studied criminology at Penn State and wants to become a detective or FBI agent in the future. He also enjoys reading, cooking, video games, fishing, and watching standup comedy.

paragraph: He appeared as a human canvas on the eighth season of Spike TV's Ink Master.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penn State Nittany Lions bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Donovan Smith

wikipedia_title: Donovan Smith


text:
Lévis, Quebec
French Canadian
actress
Quebec
Genie Awards
Gemini Awards
flute
accordion
Montreal
UK
Jean-Frédéric Messier
Denis Marleau
Brigitte Haentjens
Louis Saïa
Charles Binamé
Eric Canuel
André Forcier
Roy Dupuis
Million Dollar Babies
A Sunday in Kigali
Rwanda
1992
Tectonic Plates
1994
The Wind from Wyoming
Million Dollar Babies
1995
Le Sphinx
1996
Caboose
Le Masque
1997
The Assignment
La Femme Nikita
Tag
2000
The Orphan Muses
2001
Le Ciel sur la tête
2002
Tag - Épilogue
2002
Le Dernier chapitre
Random Passage
Tag II
2002
2003
Far Side of the Moon
2004
The Last Tunnel
2004
Machine Gun Molly
L'Héritière de grande ourse
2005
Les États-Unis d'Albert
2005
Human Trafficking
2006
A Sunday in Kigali
2006
Deliver Me
2006
A Family Secret
2008
Truffes
2008
Mommy Is at the Hairdresser's
Les Rescapés
The Passion of Augustine
Kiss Me Like a Lover
For Those Who Don't Read Me

categories: Canadian television actresses,French Quebecers,Canadian film actresses,1965 births,Living people

paragraph: Céline Bonnier

paragraph: Céline Bonnier (born August 31, 1965, Lévis, Quebec) is a French Canadian actress from Quebec. She has been nominated for four awards including Genie Awards and Gemini Awards.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Céline Bonnier was the youngest of eight children, six boys and two girls. The family was brought up in an exceptionally liberal, cultured environment by mother Raymonde and father Irénée, a public sector administrator and serving politician in the mid-1970s. Encouraged by her parents to develop her imaginative side, she was entertaining the neighbors to impromptu routines in the local playground from the age of seven, a thrill that made her decide to become an actor. Music featured largely in family life; she studied it at high school in Sainte-Foy, and can play several instruments, including the transverse flute and the accordion. She and some of her brothers had a flair for art, and she still sketches as a form of self-expression and particularly appreciates the work of the great painters. But her talent for acting led her high school drama teacher to recommend that she audition for the Conservatoire de théâtre in Quebec.

paragraph: Graduating in 1987, she joined Jacques Lessard's Théâtre Repère, where she met Robert Lepage who invited her to play the part of Konstanz in his 1991 production of Les Plaques tectoniques in both Montreal and the UK. She settled in Montreal, joining the theatre group Momentum under artistic director Jean-Frédéric Messier, with whom she has worked steadily to the present day, lately graduating to her own productions ("Cholestérol gratuit", "La Fête des morts"). This theatrical output is interspersed with renowned stage directors such as Denis Marleau and Brigitte Haentjens. Meanwhile her film career, commencing with a screen version of Les Plaques tectoniques, comprises at least a dozen films ranging in style from art-house to popular, under directors such as Louis Saïa, Charles Binamé, Eric Canuel and André Forcier.

paragraph: She has appeared consistently on Canadian television in a number of dramas. The TV drama ("Tag", "Le dernier chapitre") earned her several awards.

paragraph: Céline Bonnier has worked with Roy Dupuis as an actor on several projects, from "Million Dollar Babies" (1994) (TV) to, more recently, "" (2002), "Le Dernier chapitre" (2002) (mini), "Monica la mitraille" (2004), and "Les États-Unis d'Albert" in (2005). She was also the life partner of Dupuis (for 15 years) March 2011).

paragraph: In 2006 she appeared in "A Sunday in Kigali" set in Rwanda.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: "Tectonic Plates"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "The Wind from Wyoming (Le Vent du Wyoming)" : "Manon Mentha"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "Million Dollar Babies" (TV) : "Elzire Dionne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Le Sphinx" : "Angie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Caboose" : "Camille"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Le Masque" (série TV) : "Louise Gabriel"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "The Assignment" : "Carla"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: "La Femme Nikita" (série télévisée) : "Off Profile": "Andrea Kosov"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Tag" (série TV) : "Melanie Jobin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "The Orphan Muses (Les Muses orphelines)" : "Martine Tanguay"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Le Ciel sur la tête"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Tag - Épilogue" (série TV) : "Mélanie Jobin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Le Dernier chapitre" (feuilleton TV) : "Wendy Desbiens"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Random Passage" (feuilleton TV) : "Ida Norris"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "" (feuilleton TV) : "Wendy Desbiens"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Tag II" (série TV) : "Melanie Jobin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "": "Nanette"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Far Side of the Moon (La Face cachée de la lune)": "Nathalie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "The Last Tunnel (Le Dernier Tunnel)": "Annie Beaudoin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Machine Gun Molly (Monica la mitraille)": "Monica"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "L'Héritière de grande ourse" (feuilleton TV) : "Denise/Dora"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Les États-Unis d'Albert": "Hannah Steinway"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Human Trafficking" (feuilleton TV): "Sophie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "A Sunday in Kigali (Un dimanche à Kigali)" : "Élise"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Deliver Me (Délivrez-moi)": "Annie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "A Family Secret (Le secret de ma mère)" : "Jeanne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Truffes": "Alice"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Mommy Is at the Hairdresser's (Maman est chez le coiffeur)": "La Mère - Simone Gauvin "

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Les Rescapés": "Gina McCrae"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "The Passion of Augustine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Kiss Me Like a Lover (Embrasse-moi comme tu m'aimes)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "For Those Who Don't Read Me (À tous ceux qui ne me lisent pas)"

description: Canadian actress

wikidata_label: Céline Bonnier

wikipedia_title: Céline Bonnier


text: Renaissance humanist

text: Frankfurt

text: University of Heidelberg

text: Strasbourg

text: Erfurt

text: Philipp Melanchthon

text: Reformation

text: Heidelberg

text: Leonard Forster

categories: 16th-century Latin-language writers,1558 deaths,1503 births,Alsatian-German people,German Renaissance humanists,16th-century German people,Heidelberg University faculty

paragraph: Jacob Micyllus

paragraph: Jacob Micyllus, (6 April 1503 – 28 January 1558) was a German Renaissance humanist and teacher, who conducted the city's Latin school in Frankfurt and held a chair at the University of Heidelberg, during times of great cultural stress in Germany.

paragraph: Micyllus was born Jakob Moltzer in Strasbourg. From 1518 to 1522 he studied in Erfurt, then at the end of 1522 went to Philipp Melanchthon in Wittenberg. From 1524, aged only twenty-one, he directed the city Latin school at Frankfurt, on Melanchthon's recommendation. But he was not at ease with the radical Reformation in Frankfurt from 1526 and found a place as professor in Heidelberg, January 1533. He died in Heidelberg.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Varia epigrammata graco & latina & alia carmina graca," Basel 1538

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sylva variorum carminum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Commentataria in Homerum," Basel 1541

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annotationes in Joh. Bocatii genealogiam Deorum," Basel 1532

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scholta ad Marialis obscuriores aliquot locos"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ratio examinandorum versuum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Calendarium"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carmen elegiacum de ruina arcis Heidelbergensis, quae facta est 1537"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annotationes in Ovidium, & in Lucanum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arithmetica logistica"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Euripidis vita," Basel 1558

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Tragaedia & ejus portibus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Traductio aliquoe operum Luciani cum scholiis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annotationes in Euripidem," Basel 1562

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Urbis Francofurdi gratulatio ad Caronum," Leipzig 1530

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classen, Johannes. "Jakob Micyllus, Rektor zu Frankfurt am Main 1524-1533 und 1537-1547, als Schulmann, Dichter und Gelehrter". Frankfurt am Main 1861

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerhard Dolinsky. "Aus der Geschichtes des Frankfurter Gymnasiums", in: H.-J. Heydorn und K. Ringshausen: "Jenseits von Resignation und Illusion - Festschrift zum 450jährigen Bestehen des Lessing-Gymnasiums". Frankfurt am Main 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Friedrich Hautz. Jacobus Micyllus Argentoratensis, philologus et poeta, Heidelbergae et Repertinae Universitatis olim decus: commentatio historico-literaria. Heidelbergae: J.C.B. Mohr, 1842.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Classen. Nachträge zu der Biographie des Jakob Micyllus, Frankfurt/M 1861

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georg Ellinger. Jakob Micyllus und Joachim Camerarius. In: "Neue Jahrbuch für das klass. Altertum, Geschichte und deutsche Literatur und für Pädagogik Jahrgang" 24 (1909), pp. 1 50-173. - Ellinger 2, pp. 28–44

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otto Clemen. Zu Jakob Micyllus In: "Neue Heidelberger Jahrbuch N. F." (1941): 1-11

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arthur Henkel. "In Mortem Simii Heidelbergensis". Zu einem Epikediom des Jakob Micyllus In: Festschrift Leonard Forster. Baden-Baden 1982, S. 264-280

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hermann Wiegand. "Hodoeporica." Baden-Baden 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walther Killy, ed. "Literaturlexikon: Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache" (15 Bände). Gütersloh, München: Bertelsmann-Lexikon-Verl., 1988-1991 (CD-ROM: Berlin 1998, )

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Classen: Jakob Micyllus …, als Schulmann, Dichter u. Gelehrter. Frankfurt/M 1859

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adam, Melchior: Vitae Germanorum philosophorum, qui seculo superiori, et quod excurrit, philosophicis ac humanioribus literis clari floruerunt.

description: German humanist

wikidata_label: Jacob Micyllus

wikipedia_title: Jacob Micyllus


text:
Ville-sur-Saulx
Bar-le-Duc
apoplexy
Meuse
French Revolutionary Wars
Arlon
Mincio
tirailleur
Jean-Baptiste Broussier
Maréchal de camp

categories: 1850 deaths,French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars,1774 births

paragraph: Nicolas Broussier

paragraph: Nicolas Broussier (1774, Ville-sur-Saulx - 10 January 1850, Bar-le-Duc, of apoplexy) was a French soldier and officer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He first joined up as a volunteer in one of the many battalions which the Meuse department sent to the French frontier at the start of the French Revolutionary Wars, receiving a baptism of fire at Arlon. During the 1801 campaign to the crossing of the Mincio he was wounded again in pushing the enemy out of the village of Pazzolo at the head of some tirailleurs of the 43rd. He was a legionnaire from 1803, when he became aide-de-camp to his cousin general Jean-Baptiste Broussier.

paragraph: He became Maréchal de camp (1823).

description: French military officer

wikidata_label: Nicolas Broussier

wikipedia_title: Nicolas Broussier


text: French Revolutionary Wars

text: Napoleonic Wars

text: French Royal Army

text: French Revolution

text: Thionville

text: general officer

text: Battle of Kaiserslautern

text: general of division

text: Army of the Moselle

text: Arlon

text: Lambusart

text: Fleurus

text: Aldenhoven

text: Aachen

text: Napoleon

text: Peninsular War

text: Battle of Tudela

text: Second Siege of Zaragoza

text: cimetière du Père-Lachaise

text: Bousse

text: Moselle

text: French Royal Army

text: French Revolution

text: captain

text: Thionville

text: Habsburg Austria

text: Émigrés

text: Verdun

text: general of brigade

text: Battle of Kaiserslautern

text: Lazare Hoche

text: Army of the Moselle

text: general of division

text: Army of the Rhine

text: Jean-Charles Pichegru

text: Alsace

text: Second Battle of Wissembourg

text: Battle of Arlon

text: Meuse River

text: Dinant

text: Sambre River

text: Charleroi

text: Gosselies

text: Battle of Lambusart

text: Jean Baptiste Jourdan

text: Battle of Fleurus

text: Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich

text: Jean Etienne Championnet

text: Prince Josias of Coburg

text: Battle of Aldenhoven

text: Siege of Maastricht

text: Army of Sambre-et-Meuse

text: Aachen

text: Rhine River

text: Batavian Republic

text: Army of the West

text: Grisons

text: Légion d'Honneur

text: Marshal

text: Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey

text: sous lieutenant

text: Battle of Valencia

text: Madrid

text: Battle of Bailén

text: Jean Baptiste Bessieres

text: Ebro River

text: III Corps

text: Battle of Tudela

text: Jean Lannes

text: Tudela

text: Maurice Mathieu

text: Michel Ney

text: VI Corps

text: Zaragoza

text: V Corps

text: Second Siege of Zaragoza

text: Charles Louis Dieudonne Grandjean

text: Jean-Andoche Junot

text: typhus

text: Bayonne

text: cimetière du Père-Lachaise

text: Paris

categories: French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars,French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,1766 births,1809 deaths,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur,People from Moselle (department)

paragraph: Antoine Morlot

paragraph: Antoine Morlot (5 May 1766 – 23 March 1809) was a French division commander during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. After almost eight years of service in the French Royal Army, he became an officer in a local volunteer battalion during the French Revolution. In 1792 he fought with distinction at Thionville and other actions, earning a promotion to general officer in 1793. He was notable for his participation at the Battle of Kaiserslautern where he led a brigade. After another promotion he became a general of division in the "Army of the Moselle". In 1794 he led his troops at Arlon, Lambusart, Fleurus and Aldenhoven.

paragraph: In 1796, while Morlot's soldiers were garrisoning Aachen and its district, he was involved in a dispute with a government official and suspended from command. Restored to service, he thereafter held posts in the interior or was inactive for many years. In 1808 when Emperor Napoleon invaded Spain in the Peninsular War, Morlot was given a division of recruits. He led these soldiers at the Battle of Tudela that year and the Second Siege of Zaragoza in 1809, dying of a fever contracted during the siege. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe. He is buried at the cimetière du Père-Lachaise.

paragraph: Section::::Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::Revolution.:Through 1793.

paragraph: Morlot was born on 5 May 1766 at Bousse in what is now the Moselle department. On 7 December 1782 he joined the artillery of the French Royal Army, serving until 28 September 1790. At the outbreak of the French Revolution, he was elected captain in the 3rd Battalion of the "Moselle" Volunteers. He showed bravery and ability in the campaigns of 1792 and 1793, particularly during the blockade of Thionville. At Thionville from 3 to 5 September 1792, 3,000 to 4,000 French soldiers successfully held the city against an army of 20,000 Habsburg Austrians and Émigrés. Without heavy artillery, the attackers were forced to turn back. To put the French effort in context, on 2 December Verdun had surrendered to a Prussian army after a trifling resistance.

paragraph: Morlot received promotion to general of brigade on 20 September 1793. The Battle of Kaiserslautern from 28 to 30 November 1793 saw him leading a brigade in Lazare Hoche's "Army of the Moselle". The brigade was made up of the 1st Battalions of the 44th and 81st Line Infantry Demi Brigades and the "Ardennes" Volunteers, the 2nd Battalions of the 71st Line and "Haute-Marne" Volunteers and the 6th Battalion of the "Meurthe" Volunteers. Ultimately, the French withdrew with 2,400 killed and wounded plus 700 men and two guns captured. Prussian and Saxon casualties numbered 806. During the battle Morlot led five battalions in an assault on a position defended by infantry and many cannons. Forced back by superior numbers, he was able to avoid being trapped by enemy cavalry and resume his unit's place in the battle line. After seeing what he had done Hoche praised and kissed him.

paragraph: Morlot was active in the relief of Landau which successfully resisted a blockade from 20 August until 23 December 1793. Morlot was promoted to general of division on 3 December 1793. At this time, Hoche's "Army of the Moselle" and the "Army of the Rhine" under Jean-Charles Pichegru made a concerted effort to push the invading Prussian and Austrian armies out of Alsace. In the Second Battle of Wissembourg in December the French armies were victorious.

paragraph: In February 1794, Morlot was one of seven division commanders in the "Army of the Moselle". His division consisted of the 1st Battalions of the 1st Line Infantry Demi Brigade and "Haut-Rhine" Volunteers, the 2nd Battalions of the 17th and 43rd Line, the 3rd Battalions of the "Bas-Rhin", "Loiret", "Meuse" and "Puy-de-Dôme" Volunteers, the 4th Battalions of the "Côte-d'Or" and "Moselle", the 6th and 7th Battalions of the "Meurthe" and the 1st and 14th Dragoon Regiments. On 20 May his 11,573-strong division operated with the Left Wing of the "Army of the Moselle". It had been reorganized into the 1st Line Infantry Demi Brigade, 34th Line, 110th Line, 177th Line, 14th Dragoons, 10th Cavalry Regiment and 1st Gendsdarmes. By 3 June, Morlot's division had been reduced but still counted 8,210 soldiers. The division included the 1st Line (2,190), 34th Line (2,354), 110th Line (2,709), 14th Dragoons (445), 10th Cavalry Regiment (416) and 30th Light Artillery Company (96).

paragraph: In April 1794, Morlot distinguished himself at the Battle of Arlon. On 24 May he led his troops across the Meuse River near Dinant and on 16 June his division crossed the Sambre River near Charleroi. On the 16th he was forced to abandon the village of Gosselies but managed to bring off seven captured cannons. On this day in the Battle of Lambusart, 41,000 Austro-Dutch repelled the attack by Jean Baptiste Jourdan's 73,000-man army with 3,000 casualties and the loss of eight guns and 40 munitions wagons. The Austro-Dutch army also suffered 3,000 killed and wounded.

paragraph: Morlot's division fought at the Battle of Fleurus on 26 June 1794. Jean Baptiste Olivier's brigade was made up of the 110th Line and 14th Dragoons while Henri Simon's brigade included the 1st and 34th Line and 10th Cavalry. During the battle, Morlot's troops resisted the attacks of Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich's column. When Jean Etienne Championnet's neighboring division faltered, Morlot personally led a bayonet charge that saved the situation. He was also responsible for the observation balloon and may have gone aloft during the day to make reports. During the battle, Jourdan's 81,000 French troops defeated the 46,000-man Austro-Dutch army under Prince Josias of Coburg. Each side suffered about 5,000 casualties. Fleurus marked a "turning point" and the Allies abandoned Belgium within a month. Morlot performed notably at the Battle of Aldenhoven on 2 October 1794 and at the Siege of Maastricht.

paragraph: On 1 October 1795 Morlot commanded a 3,471-strong division of the "Army of Sambre-et-Meuse" at Aachen. While engaged as governor of Aachen and the lands between the Meuse and Rhine Rivers, he came into conflict with the director general of the military police. The outraged official accused Morlot of extortion and he was relieved of command on 26 October 1796. Reinstated on 25 December 1796, Morlot was assigned to lead the 10th Military Division on 28 August 1797 and the 3rd Military Division on 29 January 1798. In the next two years he transferred between service in the Batavian Republic, Army of the West and Grisons. On 23 September 1801 he was placed on inactive duty.

paragraph: Section::::Empire.

paragraph: On 14 June 1804, Morlot was made a commander of the Légion d'Honneur. On 19 November 1805 he was employed as commander of the 16th Military Division and on 9 November 1807 he was assigned to the "Corps of Observation of the Ocean Coast". In 1808 the 29,341-strong corps was under the command of Marshal Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey. Morlot commanded the 7,149-man 3rd Division which consisted of the 9th, 10th and 11th Provisional Regiments and a Prussian battalion. His brigadiers were Charles Joseph Buget (Bujet) and Simon Lefebvre. Morlot's soldiers were from the conscript classes of 1808 and 1809 which had been called up a year early. The provisional regiments were each made up of four 560-man battalions from the regimental depots in southern France. The soldiers were all untrained draftees and the officers were all half-pay men or brand-new sous lieutenants. These were the troops who invaded Spain in 1808.

paragraph: Morlot missed Moncey's expedition that ended unsuccessfully in the Battle of Valencia. Instead, his division guarded Madrid. When the news of the disastrous Battle of Bailén arrived, Morlot's division was separated. Buget's 3,700-man brigade remained near Madid while Lefebvre's brigade had been lent to Marshal Jean Baptiste Bessieres' corps. Madrid was quickly abandoned and the French retreated beyond the Ebro River. Before subsequent operations, the 3rd Division was reorganized as part of the III Corps. The 5th Provisional Regiment became the 2-battalion 116th Line Infantry Regiment while the 9th and 10th Provisional were combined to form the 4-battalion 117th Line. The division's Irish and Prussian battalions were detached as garrisons in northeast Spain.

paragraph: Morlot led about 4,000 men in six battalions at the Battle of Tudela on 23 November 1808. That morning Marshal Jean Lannes had his troops on the road at dawn. Reaching Tudela at 9 AM the French caught the Spanish army unprepared. Seeing the half-unmanned defenses, Lannes sent his leading division under Morlot directly into the assault. The 6,500 soldiers of the Spanish 5th Division arrived just in time to blunt the attack on the Cerro de Santa Barbara. Before resuming the attack, Lannes waited a few hours for all his troops to reach the battlefield. Then he launched the divisions of Morlot and Maurice Mathieu at the Spanish positions. Morlot's front line brigade suffered heavy losses, but he sent one battalion up a ravine that the defenders neglected to watch. Noting that the battalion had gained a foothold on the crest, he pushed forward reinforcements and soon the Spaniards were fleeing in rout.

paragraph: In November 1808, the 1st, 3rd and 4th Divisions of the III Corps and Marshal Michel Ney's VI Corps reached Zaragoza. Soon Ney was ordered away, leaving Moncey with only 15,000 men to face 30,000 Spaniards. Accordingly, Moncey pulled back to a safe distance until the V Corps arrived to help. In December 1808, Morlot's division received two additions. The 4-battalion 121st Line arrived at the front and was assigned to the division. Three battalions of the 5th Light Infantry and four battalions of the 2nd Légion of the Reserve were added when the 4th Division of the corps was dissolved. During this period, the III Corps suffered terribly from illness. In October, there were 7,741 men in the hospital and by January 1809 there were 13,000 wounded or fever-ridden soldiers.

paragraph: The Second Siege of Zaragoza lasted from 20 December 1808 to 20 February 1809. On the second day, the divisions of Morlot and Charles Louis Dieudonne Grandjean successfully captured Monte Terrero. On 29 December Moncey was replaced in command of

paragraph: III Corps by Jean-Andoche Junot. After the withdrawal of one V Corps division on 2 January, Morlot's division was assigned to attack the west front of the city. Lannes assumed overall command of operations on 22 January. By the 28th the French had captured a large section of the city wall and the rest of the siege involved bitter street fighting. To minimize casualties, Lannes reduced the Spanish defenses block by block with cannonballs and mines. On 12 February a crowd of women emerged from the city and approached Morlot's lines. They begged to be allowed to return to their villages. They were each given a loaf of bread and chased back into the city. By the end of the siege, casualties were horrific. About 54,000 Spaniards died in the siege of whom 20,000 were soldiers. Of these, only 6,000 died in the fighting while the others succumbed from disease, many from typhus. French losses are estimated as 10,000 dead of whom 4,000 perished in the battle and the remainder from illness. The great majority of the losses were suffered by the III Corps.

paragraph: Morlot was another victim of the fever. He was evacuated to Bayonne where he died on 23 March 1809. MORLOT is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 6. He is buried at the cimetière du Père-Lachaise in Paris.

description: French general, notable for his participation in the battles of Kaiserslautern and Tudela

wikidata_label: Antoine Morlot

wikipedia_title: Antoine Morlot


text: Azkoitia

text: Bergara

text: Enlightenment Spain

text: Bergara

text: Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas

text: Toulouse

text: Society of Jesus

text: Gipuzkoa

text: Azkoitia

text: Regional

text: Enlightenment-style

text: academy

text: mathematics

text: physics

text: history

text: literature

text: geography

text: current events

text: concert

text: José de Larrañaga

text: Louise de La Vallière

text: libretto

text: bilingual

text: Spanish

text: Basque

text: comic opera

text: Libretto of El borracho burlado

text: Capilla Peñaflorida

text: early music

categories: 1723 births,Basque writers,Basque history,1785 deaths,People from Azkoitia

paragraph: Xavier María de Munibe e Idiáquez

paragraph: Xavier María de Munibe e Idiáquez, Conde de Peñaflorida (Count of Peñaflorida) (Azkoitia, 1723—Bergara, 1785), was an important figure of Enlightenment Spain. He founded the Royal Basque Society of Friends of the Country in Bergara in 1748, which would become the first Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País, a society inextricably linked to the Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Peñaflorida studied in Toulouse, where he established contacts with the Society of Jesus. He returned to Gipuzkoa—a semi-autonomous Basque territory—in 1746, settled in Azkoitia and became a senior official in the Regional Government ("Diputación") in 1750.

paragraph: Section::::Enlightenment figure.

paragraph: Peñaflorida closely associated with two other men, the Marqués de Narros (José María de Eguía) and Manuel Ignacio Altuna. The three men came to be known as the "Gentlemen of Azkoitia" ("los Caballeritos de Azcoitia") and the "Triumvirate of Azkoitia" ("el Triunvirato de Azcoitia") and were responsible for promoting Enlightenment thought in Spain. In Peñaflorida's home, they founded an Enlightenment-style "academy" to discuss intellectual issues. For years the group maintained a regular program of discussing on mathematics on Mondays, physics on Tuesdays, history and literature on Wednesdays, geography on Fridays, and current events on Saturdays. It devoted Thursdays and Sundays to concerts, including works written by members of the "Gentlemen of Azkoitia" such as Fray José de Larrañaga. Out of these meetings evolved a more formal association, the Real Sociedad Bascongada de Amigos del País. Its incorporation charter and bylaws were presented to the government in 1763 and approved two years later. Peñaflorida, as its main proponent, was selected as its director for life. The three men also created in 1767 the Seminario de Vergara (Bergara). These two institutions proved to be key centers of Spanish Enlightenment thought and science.

paragraph: Section::::Literary work.

paragraph: Peñaflorida was the author of many works in his lifetime. They include "Los aldeanos críticos" (1758), "Ensayo de la Sociedad Bascongada de amigos del país" (1766), and "Gabon-Sariac" (1762) a religious epic dealing with the life of Louise de La Vallière (although some attribute this one to Manuel Larramendi). He also wrote the music and librettos of two bilingual (Spanish-Basque) comic operas, "El borracho burlado" (1764) and "Comedia famosa".

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gran Enciclopedia Larousse". Barcelona, Planeta, 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia de la REal Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País at Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País

paragraph: BULLET::::- Xavier María de Munibe e Idiaquez, Conde de Peñaflorida at Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País

paragraph: BULLET::::- Libretto of El borracho burlado

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Capilla Peñaflorida - early music ensemble established in 1985 as a tribute to the Count.

description: Basque writer

wikidata_label: Xavier María de Munibe e Idiáquez

wikipedia_title: Xavier María de Munibe e Idiáquez


text: Queen of Denmark

text: Christopher II

text: Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania

text: Rügen

text: Louis V, Duke of Bavaria

text: Erik

text: Otto

text: Duke of Lolland

text: Estonia

text: Valdemar

text: King of Denmark

text: Sorø Abbey

categories: 1330 deaths,14th-century Danish people,Danish royal consorts,1285 births,Place of death missing,Place of birth missing,Burials at Sorø Abbey,13th-century Danish people,House of Griffins,13th-century Danish women,14th-century Danish women

paragraph: Euphemia of Pomerania

paragraph: Euphemia of Pomerania (1285 – 26 July 1330) was Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Christopher II. She was the daughter of Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania, and his second spouse, Margarete of Rügen.

paragraph: Euphemia wed Christopher in 1300. The marriage was likely a politically arranged marriage to provide Christopher with political support from the dynasty of her mother as well as that of her father. Not much is known about queen Euphemia.

paragraph: Euphemia had at least six known children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margarete (1305–1340), married Louis V, Duke of Bavaria

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erik (1307–1331)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otto, Duke of Lolland and Estonia (born c. 1310 – died after 1347)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes (d. 1312), died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heilwig (born c. 1315)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Valdemar, King of Denmark (1320–1375)

paragraph: She is buried in the Sorø Abbey.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alf Henrikson: "Dansk historia" (Danish history) (1989) (Swedish)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sven Rosborn (In Swedish): "När hände vad i Nordens historia" (When did what happen in the historiy of the Nordic countries) (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Den store danske encyklopædi Eufemia_af_Pommern

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://runeberg.org/nfad/0404.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://runeberg.org/dbl/4/0621.html

description: Queen consort of Denmark

wikidata_label: Euphemia of Pomerania

wikipedia_title: Euphemia of Pomerania


text: Queen consort

text: Eric IV of Denmark

text: Albert I, Duke of Saxony

text: monk

text: Burchard VIII

text: Rosenburg

text: Burgrave

text: Magdeburg

text: Burchard VI

text: Sophia of Denmark

text: Valdemar of Sweden

text: Ingeborg of Denmark

text: Magnus VI of Norway

text: Jutta of Denmark

text: St. Agnes' Priory, Roskilde

text: Agnes of Denmark

text: St. Agnes' Priory, Roskilde

text: Querfurt

text: Rosenburg

text: Erik Erikssøn Langben

text: Langeland

text: Eric I, Duke of Schleswig

categories: Danish royal consorts,Year of birth uncertain,Place of death missing,Place of birth missing,House of Ascania,13th-century Danish people,13th-century Danish women,1220s births

paragraph: Jutta of Saxony

paragraph: Jutta of Saxony (c. 1223 – before 2 February 1267) was a Danish Queen consort, spouse of King Eric IV of Denmark. Jutta was the daughter of Albert I, Duke of Saxony. She married king Erik in 1239, and became junior queen consort, since her husband was junior king, even though there were no senior queen at the time. She would become senior queen in 1242.

paragraph: Not many details are known about Queen Jutta. Jutta was involved in a conflict with the monks of Øm Abbey, from whom she confiscated corn from their estates and shipped it to her own. Her signature was also on the instruction regarding the funeral service of her spouse, in which he expressed the wish to be buried in the clothes of a monk. She was queen for eight years and widowed in 1250 when her spouse was murdered. She is believed to have returned to Saxony as a widow, leaving her daughters in Denmark.

paragraph: Jutta married a second time and became the first wife of Count Burchard VIII of Querfurt-Rosenburg, who held function and title of Burgrave of Magdeburg (recorded between 1273 and 1313), a son of Burgrave Burchard VI (recorded between 1221 and 1273).

paragraph: Her children with Eric IV were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sophia of Denmark, (1241–1286) married to King Valdemar of Sweden

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canute (Knud) of Denmark (b. & d. 1242)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ingeborg of Denmark (1244–1287), married to King Magnus VI of Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jutta of Denmark, prioress St. Agnes' Priory, Roskilde (1246–1284)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christof of Denmark (b. & d. 1247)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes of Denmark, prioress of St. Agnes' Priory, Roskilde (1249–1288/95)

paragraph: Her daughter with Burchard VIII was:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sophia Burghardsdatter von Querfurt-Rosenburg (d. 1325), married with Erik Erikssøn Langben (1272–1310), Duke of Langeland, son of Eric I, Duke of Schleswig

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dansk biografisk Lexikon / VIII. Bind. Holst - Juul (in Danish)

description: Queen consort of Denmark

wikidata_label: Jutta of Saxony

wikipedia_title: Jutta of Saxony


text: Olav I of Norway

text: Harald Bluetooth

text: Svein Forkbeard

text: Styrbjörn Starke

text: Olof Björnsson

text: Battle of Fýrisvellir

text: Uppsala

text: Eric the Victorious

text: Snorri Sturluson

text: Burislav

text: Wendic

text: Gunhild of Wenden

text: Olaf Tryggvason

text: Wendland

text: Olof Skötkonung

text: Eirik Hákonarson

text: Battle of Svolder

text: "Queen Thyri and the Angelica Stalks"

text: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

categories: 10th-century Danish people,House of Knýtlinga,Norwegian royal consorts,Danish princesses,Swedish princesses,10th-century Norwegian women,Viking Age women,10th-century Norwegian people

paragraph: Tyra of Denmark

paragraph: Tyra of Denmark ("Tyri Haraldsdatter", "Thyri" and "Thyra") was a 10th-century Danish princess. She was the spouse of both King Olav I of Norway and of Styrbjörn Starke, crown prince of Sweden.

paragraph: Tyra was daughter of the Danish king Harald Bluetooth and thus a sister to King Svein Forkbeard. She was first married to the Swedish prince and throne claimant Styrbjörn Starke (Styrbjörn the Strong), son of King Olof Björnsson. As such, she was a titular crown princess of Sweden. However Styrbjörn Starke died in the Battle of Fýrisvellir (c. 985) near Uppsala fighting with his uncle King Eric the Victorious for the throne of Sweden.

paragraph: According to Snorri Sturluson, she was next betrothed to the Wendish king Burislav, as part of a Danish-Wendic peace agreement negotiated by King Svein Forkbeard. As part of the agreement, Svein married Gunhild of Wenden who was the sister of Burislav. However, after her hunger strike, Burislav sent her back to Denmark.

paragraph: She subsequently arranged to have herself married to Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway, to the displeasure of her brother Svein. When Olaf married her, Svein refused to pay her promised dowry. Olaf subsequently set out for Wendland to seek allies for a war on Denmark. On the way Olaf was ambushed by Svein and an alliance which included Olof Skötkonung, King of Sweden, and Eirik Hákonarson, Jarl of Lade. The resulting Battle of Svolder ended in the death of the Norwegian king (c. 1000). According to legend, Queen Tyra subsequently committed suicide by starvation after receiving news of her husband's death at the battle.

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alf Henrikson: "Dansk historia" (Danish history) (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sven Rosborn: "När hände vad i Nordens historia" (When did what happen in the history of the Nordic countries) (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Åke Ohlmarks: "FornNordiskt Lexikon" (Ancient Nordic dictionary) (1994)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Queen Thyri and the Angelica Stalks" from "The Musician's Tale; The Saga of King Olaf" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1863)

description: Danish princess and a Norwegian Viking age Queen consort

wikidata_label: Tyra of Denmark

wikipedia_title: Tyra of Denmark


text: fl.

text: Sigurðr

text: Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway

text: Earldom of Orkney

text: Kingdom of the Isles

text: Kingdom of Dublin

text: Norwegian kingship

text: his father

text: Kingdom of Munster

text: Ireland

text: High King of Ireland

text: Kingdom of Dublin

text: Kingdom of the Isles

text: Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway

text: Scandinavia

text: Irish Sea

text: Gofraid Crobán, King of the Isles

text: Ireland

text: Sigurðr

text: Annals of Inisfallen

text: Annals of the Four Masters

text: Ágrip af Nóregskonungasǫgum

text: Orkneyinga saga

text: Magnúss saga berfœtts

text: Heimskringla

text: dynastic marriage

text: Ordericus Vitalis

text: Matilda

text: Henry I, King of England

text: Fagrskinna

text: Arnulf de Montgomery, Earl of Pembroke

text: King of England

text: unconsummated

text: Norway

text: Norwegian kingship

text: Eysteinn

text: Óláfr

text: Bjaðǫk

text: Haraldr gilli, King of Norway

categories: O'Brien dynasty,Place of death unknown,Year of birth unknown,Medieval Gaels from Ireland,Viking Age women,Irish princesses,12th-century Irish women

paragraph: Bjaðmunjo Mýrjartaksdóttir

paragraph: Bjaðmunjo Mýrjartaksdóttir (fl. 1102/1103) was a daughter of a Muirchertach Ua Briain, High King of Ireland. In 1102 whilst still a child, she was married to Sigurðr, son of Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway. At this time, Magnús appears to have been in the process of setting up his son as king over the Earldom of Orkney, the Kingdom of the Isles, and the Kingdom of Dublin. The marriage itself temporarily bound Muirchertach and Magnús together as allies before the latter's death the following year. Sigurðr thereupon repudiated Bjaðmunjo, and left for Scandinavia, where he proceeded to share the Norwegian kingship with his brothers.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Bjaðmunjo was a daughter of Muirchertach Ua Briain, High King of Ireland. In the late eleventh century, following the death of his father, Muirchertach seized control of the Kingdom of Munster and moved to extend his authority throughout Ireland as High King of Ireland. In so doing, he gained control of the Norse-Gaelic Kingdom of Dublin, and as a result began to extend his influence into the nearby Kingdom of the Isles. There is uncertainty concerning the political situation in the Isles in the last decade of the eleventh century. What is known for sure is that, before the end of the century, Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway led a marauding fleet from Scandinavia into the Irish Sea region, where he held power until his death in 1103.

paragraph: The catalyst for this Norwegian intervention may have been the extension of Muirchertach's influence into the Irish Sea region following the death of Gofraid Crobán, King of the Isles. The region itself appears to have degenerated into chaos following Gofraid's demise, and Magnús seems to have taken it upon himself to reassert Norwegian authority. Magnús made two expeditions into the Irish Sea region. One arrived in 1098; the other in 1102. The focus of the second overseas operation appears to have been Ireland itself. Following an apparent Norwegian conquest of Dublin, Magnús and Muirchertach negotiated a peace agreement, sealed through the marriage of Magnús' son, Sigurðr, and Bjaðmunjo herself.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: The marriage agreement between Magnús and Muirchertach is noted in several sources. The "Annals of Inisfallen" and the "Annals of the Four Masters" reveal that the marriage to place in 1102. Other sources reporting the marriage include the twelfth-century "Ágrip af Nóregskonungasǫgum", the thirteenth-century "Orkneyinga saga", and "Magnúss saga berfœtts" within the thirteenth-century "Heimskringla". Sigurðr was apparently twelve-years-old at the time of the marriage, although Bjaðmunjo's age is uncertain. The remarkably young age of the newlyweds, and the fact that the union is recorded at all in historical sources, suggests that a dynastic marriage was required for the conclusion of peace between their fathers.

paragraph: There seems to be some confusion in several historical sources regarding the marriage. For example, the twelfth-century monk Ordericus Vitalis claimed that Magnús himself married the daughter of an Irish king in about 1093. According to "Morkinskinna", Magnús was at one point set to marry a certain Maktildr, described as an "emperor's daughter". It is possible that Maktildr represents Matilda, a woman who was a sister of the reigning Étgar mac Maíl Choluim, King of Scotland, and who is known to have married Henry I, King of England in 1110. In fact, the episode concerning Magnús and Maktildr in "Morkinskinna" may have influenced the erroneous claim preserved by the same source and the thirteenth-century "Fagrskinna", which purport that Sigurðr married a daughter of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, King of Scotland. At about the same time as the marriage between Bjaðmunjo and Sigurðr, the former's father secured yet another marital alliance through another daughter and Arnulf de Montgomery, Earl of Pembroke, an English magnate in the midst of a revolt against the reigning King of England.

paragraph: Section::::Ramifications.

paragraph: Just prior to the settlement of peace between the Uí Briain and the Norwegians, Muirchertach was not only contending with the arrival of Magnús, but was also locked in an extended struggle with Domnall Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain. The agreement of a year's peace between Muirchertach and Magnús, however, turned Magnús from an enemy into an ally. Whilst Magnús appears to have intended for Sigurðr to rule over his recently-won overseas territories—a region stretching from Orkney to Dublin—Muirchertach appears to have intended to exert influence into the Isles through his new son-in-law. In fact, during the following year, Muirchertach and Magnús cooperated in military operations throughout Ireland. Unfortunately for Muirchertach, and his long-term ambitions in Ireland and the Isles, Magnús was slain in Ulster in 1103. Thereupon "Morkinskinna" and "Fagrskinna" reveal that Sigurðr immediately repudiated Bjaðmunjo—their marriage apparently having been unconsummated—and returned to Norway. There Sigurðr proceeded to share the Norwegian kingship with his two brothers, Eysteinn and Óláfr. It was over one hundred and fifty years until another King of Norway ventured into the Isles.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bjaðǫk, a Gaelic wife/mistress/concubine of Haraldr gilli, King of Norway. Haraldr gilli himself claimed to be a son of Magnús by another Gaelic woman.

alias:
Bjaðmynja
Ben Muman
Bláthmín
Bjadmunju
Biadmuin
Blathmuine
Bébinn
Ben Mumain
Biadmunio
Biadmynia
Bjaðminja
Bjaðmunjo
Bjadmynja
Bladmynja
Blathmuine Ní Bhriain

description: Irish princess

wikidata_label: Bjaðmunjo Mýrjartaksdóttir

wikipedia_title: Bjaðmunjo Mýrjartaksdóttir


text:
American football
college football
tight end
University of Michigan
National Football League
New Orleans Saints
San Francisco 49ers
reception
touchdown
Detroit
Michigan
Pershing High School
University of Michigan
college football
tight end
Bo Schembechler
Michigan Wolverines football
1972 Michigan Wolverines football team
AP Poll
1973 Michigan Wolverines football team
United Press International
1973 College Football All-America Team
New Orleans Saints
1974 NFL Draft
Detroit Wheels
World Football League
San Francisco 49ers
John Watson
Jim Plunkett
Dallas Cowboys

categories: Michigan Wolverines football players,Living people,1952 births,American football tight ends,Sportspeople from Detroit,New Orleans Saints players,Players of American football from Michigan

paragraph: Paul Seal

paragraph: Paul Nathan Seal (born February 27, 1952) is a former American football player. He played college football as a tight end for the University of Michigan from 1971 to 1973 and professional football as a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the New Orleans Saints from 1974 to 1976 and for the San Francisco 49ers from 1977 to 1979. In his six-year NFL career, Seal totaled 106 receptions, 1,586 receiving yards and seven touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Seal was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1952. He attended Pershing High School in Detroit.

paragraph: Section::::University of Michigan.

paragraph: Seal enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1970 and played college football as a tight end for Bo Schembechler's Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1971 to 1973.

paragraph: As a junior, Seal started all 12 games at tight end for the 1972 Michigan Wolverines football team that compiled a 10-1 record, outscored opponents 264-57, and finished the season ranked #6 in the final AP Poll. Playing for a run-oriented offense, Seal was the leading receiver for the 1972 Wolverines with 18 receptions for 243 yards and three touchdowns.

paragraph: As a senior, Seal started all 11 games at tight end, was a team co-captain and was voted the Most Valuable Player on the undefeated 1973 Michigan Wolverines football team that compiled a 10-0-1 record, outscored opponents 330–68, and finished the season ranked #6 in the final AP Poll. For the second straight year, Seal was Michigan's leading receiver with 14 catchers for 254 yards and three touchdowns. At the end of the 1973 season, Seal was selected by the United Press International (UPI) as the second-team tight end on the 1973 College Football All-America Team.

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.

paragraph: Seal was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the second round (36th overall pick) of the 1974 NFL Draft. Seal was also the top draft pick of the Detroit Wheels of the World Football League, but he opted to sign with the Saints in April 1974. He played three seasons with the Saints from 1974 to 1976. As a rookie in 1974, Seal appeared in 14 games and had career highs with 32 receptions, 466 receiving yards, and three receiving touchdowns. In 1975, Seal was the Saints' starting tight end in all 14 games and totaled 28 receptions, 414 receiving yards, and one touchdown.

paragraph: In early September 1977, the Saints traded Seal to the San Francisco 49ers in exchange for offensive lineman John Watson. Seal played for the 49ers for three seasons from 1977 to 1979, appearing in 43 games, nine as a starter, and totaled 37 receptions for 634 receiving yards and three touchdowns. Seal's longest reception of his NFL career came on a 47-yard touchdown bomb from Jim Plunkett in December 1977 against the Dallas Cowboys.

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Paul Seal

wikipedia_title: Paul Seal