text:
Jungingen
Marienburg
grand master
Teutonic Order
Swabian League
Ulrich
Osterode
Lithuanian Civil War
Vytautas
Skirgaila
Poland-Lithuania
Ladislaus II
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Samogitia
Sigismund von Luxembourg
Neumarch
Albert of Sweden
Gotland
Victual Brothers
Baltic Sea
Visby
Kalmar Union
Margaret I of Denmark
Krakow
Kuyavia
Raciaz
Dobrzyn
Poland-Lithuania
chapel of St. Anne
Dictionary of the Middle Ages

categories: German untitled nobility,Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order,1355 births,1407 deaths,Burials in the Chapel of St. Anne, Malbork,People from Zollernalbkreis,Gotland

paragraph: Konrad von Jungingen

paragraph: Konrad V von Jungingen (born around 1355 in Jungingen, died on March 30, 1407 in Marienburg) was a grand master of the Teutonic Order in 1393-1407. Under his administration the Teutonic Order would reach their greatest extent.

paragraph: Konrad von Jungingen came from the Swabian League. He joined the Teutonic Order together with his younger brother Ulrich around 1380. At first he was a commander at the castle in Osterode. In 1391 he was promoted to the Treasurer of Marienburg.

paragraph: Konrad's election to Grand Master and head of the Order arose through an indirect fashion. As chairman of the order, policy excluded him from consideration. One of the brothers, Wolf von Zolnhart, proposed his candidacy for the post of grand master. His proposal went unopposed and on November 30th, 1393, they elected him unanimously as Grand Master.

paragraph: Konrad von Jungingen opted to retain most of the policies of his predecessors. However, unlike them, he chose the path of diplomacy. He interfered with the Lithuanian Civil War between the great princes - once supporting Vytautas, another time in favor of Skirgaila. He also intended to weaken Poland-Lithuania and the superior rights of Ladislaus II to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

paragraph: Thanks to his clever policy, he obtained Samogitia for the Order. In 1402, taking advantage of the financial problems of Sigismund von Luxembourg, he bought the Neumarch. However, territorial acquisitions brought him more problems than benefits. In the Neumarch, the local knights objected to the dictatorial power of the Order, while a peasant uprising instigated by Ladislaus II broke out in Samogitia.

paragraph: In 1398, King Albert of Sweden, pledged the island of Gotland to the Order, in an attempt to curtail the predatory attacks of the Victual Brothers on maritime shipping throughout the Baltic Sea. Later that year Konrad lead a successful invasion force, and destroyed Visby. This would bring Konrad into conflict with the newly formed Kalmar Union under Queen Margaret I of Denmark when the Order refused to relinquish Gotland.

paragraph: The threat of war on all sides forced Konrad von Jungingen to seek agreement with one of his rivals. In this situation, Konrad von Jungingen decided to make diplomatic overtures to Krakow. In 1404 he met Ladislaus in the bishopric of Kuyavia in Raciaz. His cessation of Dobrzyn to the Polish Crown, guaranteed peace with Poland-Lithuania.

paragraph: He died after a long illness on 30 March 1407 in Marienburg. He was buried in the mausoleum of the great masters under the chapel of St. Anne. According to the Chronicle of Gdańsk, the dying Grand Master warned the Teutonic dignitaries against choosing his militant brother as a successor, calling him a fool.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Borchert: "Die Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen." In: "Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung", 6 October 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- C.A. Lückerath: Article "K. v. Jungingen" in Dictionary of the Middle Ages

paragraph: BULLET::::- Casimir Bumiller, Magdalene Wulfmeier: "Konrad und Ulrich von Jungingen", Beiträge zur Biografie der beiden Deutschordenshochmeister, Geiger-Verlag, Horb a. Neckar 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sebastian Kubon: "Die Außenpolitik des Deutschen Ordens unter Hochmeister Konrad von Jungingen (1393–1407)" (= "Nova mediaevalia. Quellen und Studien zum europäischen Mittelalter." Volume 15). V & R Unipress, Göttingen 2007, .

description: German noble

wikidata_label: Konrad von Jungingen

wikipedia_title: Konrad von Jungingen


text:
Montreal
Quebec
Quebec
2004
Juno Award
Foire Brayonne
Edmundston
New Brunswick
À Distance
Official homepage

categories: French Quebecers,Living people,21st-century women singers,Singers from Montreal,1971 births,21st-century Canadian singers,Canadian female pop singers

paragraph: Marie-Chantal Toupin

paragraph: Marie-Chantal Toupin (born July 14, 1971 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Quebec musician.

paragraph: She was a 2004 Juno Award nominee for Francophone Album of the Year. Toupin has sold over 300,000 albums in Canada and has had two albums certified platinum.

paragraph: In 2004, she was one of the artists who played at the Foire Brayonne music festival in Edmundston, New Brunswick.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 - "Après tout"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 - "Marie-Chantal Toupin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "Maudit Bordel" (Platinum for sales of 100,000+ units)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Non-Négociable" (Platinum for sales of 100,000+ units)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "À Distance"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Noël C'est L'amour"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Premier Baiser"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "À ma manière Onze grands succès"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "Merci... Mes grands succès"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Live album

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Non négociable : La tournée"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official homepage (in French)

description: Canadian musician

wikidata_label: Marie-Chantal Toupin

wikipedia_title: Marie-Chantal Toupin


text:
Jersey City, New Jersey
American football
safety
Chicago Bears
undrafted free agent
college football
Maine
Lincoln High School
Jersey City, New Jersey
running back
Maine Black Bears
Atlantic 10 Conference
2005 NFL Draft
Chicago Bears
Pittsburgh Steelers
Physically Unable to Perform
Miami Dolphins
injured reserve
Achilles
Adam Archuleta
Kevin Payne
injured reserve
free agent
Brandon Meriweather
James Sanders
New York Jets
Baltimore Ravens
injured reserve
Chicago Bears bio
Maine Black Bears bio
New England Patriots bio

categories: African-American players of American football,Maine Black Bears football players,Chicago Bears players,Players of American football from New Jersey,American football safeties,1983 births,Sportspeople from Jersey City, New Jersey,Living people

paragraph: Brandon McGowan

paragraph: Brandon McGowan (born September 16, 1983 in Jersey City, New Jersey) is a former American football safety. He was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Maine.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: McGowan attended Lincoln High School in Jersey City, New Jersey, where he played football as a safety and running back. He was a defensive first-team All-County selection as a senior.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: McGowan was a four-year letterwinner with the Maine Black Bears finishing his college career with 700 tackles, 7.5 sacks, 25 interceptions, 15 forced fumbles, and 15 fumble recoveries. He started 33 of the 34 games he played at Maine and was the team's Defensive Player of the Year and an All-Atlantic 10 Conference selection as a junior in 2003. He was also awarded the "Hammer Award" for being the Black Bears' best special teams player as a freshman in 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Bears.

paragraph: McGowan went undrafted in the 2005 NFL Draft and signed a three-year deal with the Chicago Bears. McGowan was the only undrafted rookie to make the Bears' roster. During his rookie season, McGowan played in 16 games, starting the final three games of the season, and completed the year with 23 tackles and four special teams tackles. McGowan recorded a career-high eight tackles against the Pittsburgh Steelers on December 11.

paragraph: McGowan missed the first seven games of the 2006 season after beginning the year on the team's Physically Unable to Perform list. He recorded two special teams tackles in his first game back against the Miami Dolphins before being placed on injured reserve with an Achilles injury the next day.

paragraph: In 2007, McGowan replaced starting safety Adam Archuleta for most of the season and finished the year with 80 tackles and 2 interceptions. He also had a career-high 10 special teams tackles. However, McGowan lost out on the starting strong safety job to Kevin Payne during the 2008 preseason. On September 17, McGowan was placed on season-ending injured reserve with an ankle injury. In March 2009, McGowan became a free agent, after the Bears planned on using Payne as their starter for next year.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New England Patriots.

paragraph: On May 5, 2009, McGowan signed with the New England Patriots. He began the season as a reserve behind starters Brandon Meriweather and James Sanders; however, before the opener, Belichick praised McGowan:

paragraph: In Week 2, McGowan started over Sanders against the New York Jets, and continued to do so until Week 14. He played as a reserve to Sanders in the final four games of the season and the Patriots' playoff loss to the Baltimore Ravens. He finished the season with 79 tackles and three forced fumbles.

paragraph: McGowan was placed on injured reserve by the Patriots on September 4, 2010, with a chest injury, ending his season. He was released by the Patriots on August 7, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chicago Bears bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maine Black Bears bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- New England Patriots bio

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Brandon McGowan

wikipedia_title: Brandon McGowan


text:
American football
long snapper
college football
Duke
Chicago Bears
1998 NFL Draft
Rick Gosselin
special teams
NFL
Kevin Gold
670 The Score
Marist School
Atlanta, Georgia
football
basketball
Duke University
Mel Tucker
Chicago Bears
1998 NFL Draft
Robbie Gould
2010
Steve McMichael
San Diego Chargers
670 The Score
Matt Spiegel
Notre Dame
Major League Baseball
Tommy John
Ed Block Courage Award
Official website
Chicago Bears bio
Patrick Mannelly Award

categories: Sportspeople from Atlanta,Chicago Bears players,1975 births,Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state),American football long snappers,Duke Blue Devils football players,Living people

paragraph: Patrick Mannelly

paragraph: Patrick Mannelly (born April 18, 1975) is a former American football long snapper. He played college football at Duke and was selected by the Chicago Bears in the sixth round of the 1998 NFL Draft. Mannelly played with the Bears for 16 years before retiring in 2014. He is considered the top long snapper in modern-day football, a title given to him by sports columnist Rick Gosselin and special teams NFL agent Kevin Gold. Mannelly was also a midday sports talk host in Chicago on 670 The Score.

paragraph: Section::::High school years.

paragraph: Mannelly attended Marist School in Atlanta, Georgia, where he was a letterman in football and basketball. In football, he was invited to the Georgia-Florida All-Star game after his senior season. Mannelly graduated from Marist School in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Mannelly attended Duke University and was a four-year starter at longsnapper and a two-year starter on the offensive line. He missed a majority of senior year due to a mysterious hip injury. In Mannelly's final college game he went up against Mel Tucker; 15 years later Tucker would join Mannelly at the Chicago Bears and became the Bears defensive coordinator.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: The Bears drafted Mannelly in the sixth round of the 1998 NFL Draft. Per the Bears records he snapped the ball 2,282 times during his NFL career without a botched snap.

paragraph: In 2006, kicker Robbie Gould claimed that Mannelly played a pivotal part of his productive season, and praised him in his Pro Bowl acceptance speech. Gould considered him one of the NFL's unsung heroes.

paragraph: On September 27, 2010, Mannelly broke Steve McMichael's Chicago Bears record for most games played as a Bear, with 192 (the record now stands at 245, at the time of his retirement he was tied for 43rd most in NFL history).

paragraph: In a 2011 game against the San Diego Chargers, Mannelly ruptured his ACL, and was placed on injured reserve.

paragraph: In 2012, Mannelly broke the record for most seasons with the Bears with 15. On December 24, 2012, Mannelly signed a one-year deal with the Bears.

paragraph: Mannelly retired on June 20, 2014 after a 16-year career. Mannelly ended his career with 81 special teams tackles, the third most by a Bear since 1995 (when the statistic was first officially recorded), and the longest tenured player in team history.

paragraph: Section::::Life after football.

paragraph: On September 2, 2014, Mannelly debuted with Chicago sports talk radio station 670 The Score as a co-host to Matt Spiegel. Less than a year later, Mannelly left the show citing a lack of interest in covering sports besides football. He will remain on the station as a football analyst.

paragraph: In 2019, Mannelly partnered with NFL agent Kevin Gold and trainer Chris Rubio to create the Patrick Mannelly Award, given to the best long snapper in college football.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Mannelly was born to Jay and Patty Mannelly. His brother, Bernard, played college football for Notre Dame. He and Tamara John, the daughter of former Major League Baseball pitcher Tommy John, were married in 1998. The couple has one daughter who was born on Christmas Eve 2005. Mannelly is also a spokesperson for the American Lung Association's Athletes and Asthma program.

paragraph: Mannelly was a recipient of the Ed Block Courage Award on April 8, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chicago Bears bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrick Mannelly Award

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Patrick Mannelly

wikipedia_title: Patrick Mannelly


text:
football
guard
National Football League
college football
University of Mississippi
All-American
Chicago Bears
2002 NFL Draft
Seattle Seahawks
wide receiver
D. K. Metcalf
Clarksdale, Mississippi
Parade
University of Mississippi
Ole Miss Rebels football
Southeastern Conference
Chicago Bears
2002 NFL Draft
Super Bowl
Pearl River Community College
Poplarville, Mississippi
Chicago Bears bio

categories: 1978 births,Detroit Lions players,American football offensive tackles,Chicago Bears players,Ole Miss Rebels football players,Sportspeople from Clarksdale, Mississippi,Living people,American football offensive guards,All-American college football players

paragraph: Terrence Metcalf

paragraph: Terrence Orlando Metcalf (born January 28, 1978) is a former American college and professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons during the early 2000s. He played college football for the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss), and was recognized as a consensus All-American. The Chicago Bears chose him in the third round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He is the father of Seattle Seahawks wide receiver D. K. Metcalf.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Metcalf was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi. He was named a "Parade" magazine high school All-American following his senior season at Clarksdale High School.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Metcalf received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Mississippi, where he played for the Ole Miss Rebels football team from 1998 to 2001. He was a first-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection in 2000 and 2001, received second-team All-American honors in 1999, and was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American in 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: The Chicago Bears selected Metcalf in the third round (93rd pick overall) of the 2002 NFL Draft, and he played for the Bears from to . In his seven seasons with the Bears, he appeared in seventy-eight games and started twenty-five of them. He was a member of the Bears' Super Bowl team in 2006–07.

paragraph: He is currently a coach at Pearl River Community College in Poplarville, Mississippi.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chicago Bears bio

description: American football player, offensive lineman

wikidata_label: Terrence Metcalf

wikipedia_title: Terrence Metcalf


text:
Lord of Milan
della Torre
Napoleone della Torre
Guelphs and Ghibellines
Visconti
Ottone Visconti
Battle of Desio
castle of Baradello
Como
William VII, Marquess of Montferrat
Patriarch of Aquileia
Podestà
Treviso
Piacenza
Parma
capitano del popolo
Cassono della Torre
unsuccessful revolt
Henry VII
Lodi
Cremona

categories: Rulers of Milan,1259 births,1312 deaths,13th-century Italian people,House of della Torre,14th-century Italian people

paragraph: Guido della Torre

paragraph: Guido della Torre (27 September 1259 – summer 1312) was a Lord of Milan between 1302 and 1312.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was the son of Francesco della Torre (brother of Napoleone della Torre) and Giulia Castiglioni,

paragraph: As part of the factional turmoil between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, the conflict of Guido’s Guelph family with the Ghibelline Visconti, led by Ottone Visconti, dominated much of his childhood. In 1277, after the Battle of Desio, in which he lost his father, he was taken prisoner with his uncle Napoleone, and imprisoned in the castle of Baradello at Como. He escaped from this castle in 1284, with the help of Loterio Rusca, the Lord of Como and William VII, Marquess of Montferrat. He fled with his uncle Raimondo della Torre, who was the Patriarch of Aquileia. In 1287 Guido became Podestà of Treviso.

paragraph: After his escape from the castle Baradello, Guido led the Guelphs in the riots that took place in Milan in the last years of the thirteenth century. In 1302, a group of Guelphs, including the Lords of Piacenza and Parma, Alberto Scotti and Ghiberto da Correggio, compelled the Visconti to leave Milan. After twenty-five years of exile, Guido della Torre and his family regained their power in Milan.

paragraph: Guido then sought to forge new alliances through marriages: Guido married the daughter of Count Filippo Langosco; his eldest son, Francesco, married a niece of Alberto Scotti; finally, his second son, Simone, married a daughter of Pietro Visconti.

paragraph: Being the head of the della Torre family helped Guido in his election to Milan’s Captain of the People in 1307. The following year Milan elected him as a perpetual "capitano del popolo". However, in 1311 Guido entered in conflict with his cousin Cassono della Torre, archbishop of Milan: after an unsuccessful revolt against king Henry VII, he was forced to flee, first to Lodi, then to Cremona where Guido died in the summer of 1312.

description: Lord of Milan

wikidata_label: Guido della Torre

wikipedia_title: Guido della Torre


text:
Welsh
rugby league
West Wales Raiders
Betfred League 1
South Wales Scorpions
Wales national rugby league team
2014 European Cup squad
John Kear
2015 European Cup
Whitehaven profile
Pontypridd player profile
South Wales Scorpions player profile
Meet the Team – Lewis Reece
Bridgend Ravens profile
Cardiff profile
Lewis Reece moves on

categories: Gloucestershire All Golds players,Welsh rugby union players,Wales national rugby league team players,Welsh rugby league players,Rugby league fullbacks,Pontypridd RFC players,1991 births,Rumney RFC players,Living people,South Wales Scorpions players

paragraph: Lewis Reece

paragraph: Lewis Reece (born 17 June 1991) is a Welsh professional rugby league footballer who plays as a for the West Wales Raiders in Betfred League 1.

paragraph: He has played for Great Britain and Wales at under 18 and Wales first team level.

paragraph: He has previously played for the South Wales Scorpions, Kingston Press Championship-1 side Gloucestershire All Golds.

paragraph: In October 2014, Lewis was called up to the Wales national rugby league team along with 3 other players to replace the Garreth Carvell and Rob Massam withdrawals from the 2014 European Cup squad. He kicked 1 goal out of two attempts in his country's opening game against Scotland. He kicked 3 goals in the following game against France and then 1 game in the final game of the tournament against Ireland.

paragraph: In October 2015, Lewis was once again called up by Welsh national team coach John Kear to play in the 2015 European Cup tournament. He appeared in all 3 of the Welsh games which included scoring a try in the final game against Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Whitehaven profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pontypridd player profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- (archived by web.archive.org) South Wales Scorpions player profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meet the Team – Lewis Reece

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bridgend Ravens profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardiff profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- (archived by web.archive.org) Lewis Reece moves on

description: Welsh rugby union and rugby league footballer

wikidata_label: Lewis Reece

wikipedia_title: Lewis Reece


text:
violinist
cellist
pianist
lyricist
songwriter
Black Veil Brides
Andy Biersack
Hollywood, California
The Dreaming
Amen
Team Cybergeist
Bach
Beethoven
album
Metallica
...And Justice for All
Jake Pitts
Revolver Magazine

categories: Black Veil Brides members,People from Webster City, Iowa,American heavy metal guitarists,1986 births,Guitarists from Iowa,Living people,American male guitarists

paragraph: Jinxx

paragraph: Jeremy Miles Ferguson, better known by the stage name Jinxx, is an American musician best known as the rhythm guitarist, violinist, cellist, pianist, lyricist, songwriter, and composer of American rock band Black Veil Brides.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: He joined Black Veil Brides in mid-2009 when Andy Biersack was forming his band in Hollywood, California. He had also played in The Dreaming, Amen, Team Cybergeist, and The Drastics. He got his first guitar when he was two, and started playing live shows with his father at age eight, playing in local bars. He is influenced by classical composers Bach and Beethoven. The first album he ever owned was Metallica's fourth album, "...And Justice for All", and he learned to play every track. He and fellow Black Veil Brides guitarist Jake Pitts won Revolver Magazine's Golden Gods Award for "Best Guitarists 2012". Jinxx married his second wife Alice Mogg on September 18th, 2018 in London.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Jinxx

wikipedia_title: Jinxx


text:
Frankish
Austrasia
Count Palatine
Merovingian
Theodebert II
Brunhilda
St. Columbanus
Luxeuil Abbey
Francia
St. Eustace
St. Amatus
monastery
Remiremont
convent
St. Arnulf
saint
Roman Catholic Church
Pope Leo IX
Alban Butler

paragraph: Romaric

paragraph: Saint Romaric (died 653) was a Frankish nobleman who lived in Austrasia from the late 6th century until the middle of the 7th century. He was a former Count Palatine in the court of the Merovingian king, Theodebert II. His parents were killed by Queen Brunhilda, and because of the enmity of his family with this queen, he wandered without a home.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: St. Romaric was religiously devoted and became a follower of St. Columbanus in Luxeuil Abbey, a priest and religious leader that preached the founding of monasteries throughout Francia. Influenced by the thought of St. Columbanus, and with the approval of St. Eustace, Romaric and his friend St. Amatus founded a dual monastery for men and women, later given the name of Remiremont ("Romarici Mons"). This monastery and convent was built on land belonging to St. Romaric, when he was a count palatine.

paragraph: One of the earlier monks in Remiremont was St. Romaric's friend St. Arnulf.

paragraph: St. Romaric directed several members of his family who embraced the religious life there: his daughters, Azeltruda and Zeberga, his granddaughter Gebetruda, and his grandson Adelphus.

paragraph: Romaric died in 653.

paragraph: Romaric is recognized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church, with a feast day on December 10 or December 8. He was canonized on 3 December 1049 by Pope Leo IX.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alban Butler's lives of the saints, edited, revised and supplemented by Thurston and Attwater. Christian Classics, Westminster, Maryland.

description: Frankish saint

wikidata_label: Romaric

wikipedia_title: Romaric


text: Dalian

text: Liaoning

text: Chinese

text: football

text: forward

text: Los Angeles Sol

text: Women's Professional Soccer

text: Chinese National Team

text: 2004 Atlanta Olympics

text: 2008 Beijing Olympics

text: Sweden

text: 2009 Women's Professional Soccer season

text: Los Angeles Sol

text: Official homepage

text: NBC Olympics player profile

text: Los Angeles Sol player profile

categories: Chinese women's footballers,Los Angeles Sol players,Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games,Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games,Olympic footballers of China,2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players,China women's international footballers,Asian Games bronze medalists for China,Women's association football forwards,FIFA Century Club,Chinese footballers,2007 FIFA Women's World Cup players,Expatriate women's soccer players in the United States,Living people,Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Footballers from Dalian,Asian Games medalists in football,Chinese expatriate sportspeople in the United States,Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics,1983 births

paragraph: Han Duan

paragraph: Han Duan (; born 15 June 1983 in Dalian, Liaoning) is a Chinese football forward who last played for Los Angeles Sol of Women's Professional Soccer and was a member of the Chinese National Team.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Duan finished ninth with the Chinese team in the 2004 Atlanta Olympics, playing in two matches during group stage. In 2008 Beijing Olympics, Duan scored a goal for China in a group stage match, resulting in a 2-1 win over Sweden. During the 2009 Women's Professional Soccer season, Duan scored a total of 3 goals and had 2 assists with the Los Angeles Sol.

paragraph: Duan announced her retirement from international soccer, in September 2011, after China failed to qualify for 2012 London Olympics.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of association women football players with 100 or more international goals

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official homepage

paragraph: BULLET::::- NBC Olympics player profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Angeles Sol player profile

description: Chinese footballer

wikidata_label: Han Duan

wikipedia_title: Han Duan


text:
Naples
Italy
Burbank, California
Sherlock Holmes
The Legion of Death
The Claim
The Demon
The Border Raiders
The Greatest Thing in Life
Terror of the Range
Full of Pep
The Devil's Trail
The Four-Flusher
The Best of Luck
Big Happiness
The Sins of Rosanne
Risky Business
The Mask
Little Lord Fauntleroy
White Shoulders
Refuge
The Night Hawk
The Reckless Age
Broadway or Bust
Honor Among Men
Forbidden Paradise
Without Mercy
Madame Mystery
Kiki
Long Fliv the King
Bardelys the Magnificent
Get 'Em Young
Eve's Love Letters
The Wagon Show
The Gate Crasher
The Peacock Fan
The Black Book
Caught Cheating
The Big Trail
Possessed
The Passionate Plumber
Whistlin' Dan
The Man from Yesterday
Trouble in Paradise
A Farewell to Arms
The Girl in 419
Laughing at Life
Beer and Pretzels
Riptide
Picture Brides
The Thin Man
Call It Luck
Student Tour
The Merry Widow
The Gay Bride
Enter Madame
Let's Live Tonight
Fighting Shadows
Under the Pampas Moon
Love Me Forever
The Crusades
Dressed to Thrill
1,000 Dollars a Minute
A Night at the Opera
The Lone Wolf Returns
Modern Times
Under Two Flags
Mary of Scotland
Anthony Adverse
Dodsworth
Love on the Run
Mama Steps Out
Espionage
The Bride Wore Red
Conquest
Beg, Borrow or Steal
The Black Doll
International Settlement
Four Men and a Prayer
Port of Seven Seas
I'll Give a Million
Suez
Submarine Patrol
Sharpshooters
Artists and Models Abroad
Blackwell's Island
Love Affair
Juarez
Bridal Suite
Road to Singapore
Argentine Nights
Rangers of Fortune
Down Argentine Way
Arise, My Love
The Mark of Zorro
That Night in Rio
Blood and Sand
Week-End in Havana

categories: American male silent film actors,1952 deaths,American male film actors,1889 births,20th-century American male actors

paragraph: Fred Malatesta

paragraph: Fred Malatesta (April 18, 1889 – April 8, 1952) was an American film actor. He appeared in 118 films between 1915 and 1941. He was born in Naples, Italy, and died in Burbank, California.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sherlock Holmes" (1916) - 'Lightfoot' McTague

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Legion of Death" (1918) - Grand Duke Paul

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Claim" (1918) - Ted 'Blackie' Jerome

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Demon" (1918) - Count Theodore de Seramo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Border Raiders" (1918) - 'Square Deal' Dixon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Greatest Thing in Life" (1918) - (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Terror of the Range" (1919) - Black John

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Full of Pep" (1919) - General Lopanzo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Devil's Trail" (1919) - Dubec

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Four-Flusher" (1919) - Señor Emanuelo Romez

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Valley of Tomorrow" (1920) - Enrico Colonna

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Best of Luck" (1920) - Lanzana

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big Happiness" (1920) - Raoul de Bergerac

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Challenge of the Law" (1920) - Jules Lafitte

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sins of Rosanne" (1920) - Syke Ravenal

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Risky Business" (1920) - Ralli

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All Dolled Up" (1921) - Amilo Rodolpho

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mask" (1921) - Señor Enrico Keralio

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Lord Fauntleroy" (1921) - Dick

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Woman He Loved" (1922) - Max Levy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "White Shoulders" (1922) - Maurice, a Modiste

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Refuge" (1923) - Gustav Kenski

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Girl Who Came Back" (1923) - Ramon Valhays

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man Between" (1923) - Joe Cateau

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lullaby" (1924) - Pietro

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Night Hawk" (1924) - José Valdez

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Reckless Age" (1924) - Manuel Gonzáles

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Broadway or Bust" (1924) - Count Dardnelle

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Honor Among Men" (1924) - Count De Winter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forbidden Paradise" (1924) - French ambassador

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Without Mercy" (1925) - Ducrow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madame Mystery" (1926, Short) - Man of a Thousand Eyes

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kiki" (1926) - Cheron, the Tenor (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Long Fliv the King" (1926, Short) - Hamir of Uvocado - the Prime Minister

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bardelys the Magnificent" (1926) - Castelrous

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Get 'Em Young" (1926, Short) - Executor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eve's Love Letters" (1927, Short) - Mr. X's Accomplice (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wagon Show" (1928) - Vicarino

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gate Crasher" (1928) - Julio

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Peacock Fan" (1929) - Thomas Elton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Book" (1929, Serial) - Sudro

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El precio de un beso" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wings of Adventure" (1930) - Don Ricardo Diaz San Pablo La Pandella - 'La Panthera'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caught Cheating" (1931) - Tobey Moran

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La mujer X" (1931) - LaRoque

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Big Trail" (1931) - Bascom

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Possessed" (1931) - Party Waiter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Passionate Plumber" (1932) - Tony's Second (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Whistlin' Dan" (1932) - Pedro - Henchman (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man from Yesterday" (1932) - Gendarme (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Get That Girl" (1932) - Dr. Sandro Tito

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trouble in Paradise" (1932) - Hotel Manager (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Farewell to Arms" (1932) - Manera (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Girl in 419" (1933) - Hotel Arcady Manager (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Laughing at Life" (1933) - Capt. Garcia (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beer and Pretzels" (1933, Short) - Restaurant manager (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'amour guide" (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What's Your Racket?" (1934) - Benton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Riptide" (1934) - Headwaiter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Picture Brides" (1934) - Castro

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Granaderos del amor" (1934) - Comandante

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Thin Man" (1934) - Joe - Headwaiter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Call It Luck" (1934) - Judge Venturini (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Student Tour" (1934) - French Manager (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Merry Widow" (1934) - Ambassador (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gay Bride" (1934) - French Officer (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enter Madame" (1935) - Hotel Clerk (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let's Live Tonight" (1935) - Headwaiter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fighting Shadows" (1935) - Duquesne (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Under the Pampas Moon" (1935) - Doorman (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Me Forever" (1935) - Italian Man (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crusades" (1935) - William - King of Sicily

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dressed to Thrill" (1935) - Italian Captain (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1,000 Dollars a Minute" (1935) - La Valle (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Night at the Opera" (1935) - Stagehand (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lone Wolf Returns" (1935) - French Official (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Senor Jim" (1936) - Nick Zellini

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Modern Times" (1936) - Cafe Head Waiter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lady of Secrets" (1936) - French Official (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Under Two Flags" (1936) - Chasseur Lieutenant (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mary of Scotland" (1936) - Minor Role (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anthony Adverse" (1936) - Stranger (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dodsworth" (1936) - Waiter on Last Ship (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love on the Run" (1936) - French Waiter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mama Steps Out" (1937) - French Guard (scenes deleted)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Espionage" (1937) - French Pickpocket (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gold Racket" (1937) - Ricardo (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bride Wore Red" (1937) - Rudi's Waiter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conquest" (1937) - Waiter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beg, Borrow or Steal" (1937) - Majordomo (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Doll" (1938) - Esteban, the butler

paragraph: BULLET::::- "International Settlement" (1938) - Italian Officer (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Four Men and a Prayer" (1938) - Officer Under Gen. Sebastian (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Port of Seven Seas" (1938) - Bird Seller (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'll Give a Million" (1938) - Gendarme (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Suez" (1938) - Jewel Merchant (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Submarine Patrol" (1938) - Italian Gendarme at the 'Maria Ann' (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sharpshooters" (1938) - Policeman (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Artists and Models Abroad" (1938) - Treasury Official (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blackwell's Island" (1939) - Third Dockworker (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Affair" (1939) - Shipboard Photographer (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Juarez" (1939) - Señor Salas (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bridal Suite" (1939) - Cassini - in Shipboard Brawl (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Road to Singapore" (1940) - Native Policeman (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Argentine Nights" (1940) - Plainclothesman (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rangers of Fortune" (1940) - Genoa (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Down Argentine Way" (1940) - Horserace Loser at Fiesta (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arise, My Love" (1940) - Spanish Mechanic (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mark of Zorro" (1940) - Sentry (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "That Night in Rio" (1941) - Butler (scenes deleted)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blood and Sand" (1941) - Waiter (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Week-End in Havana" (1941) - Flores - Roulette Croupier (uncredited)

description: actor

wikidata_label: Fred Malatesta

wikipedia_title: Fred Malatesta


text:
metalcore
Asking Alexandria
Dubai
Asking Alexandria
blues
Eric Clapton
B.B. King
Gary Moore
pop punk
Blink-182
Sum 41
Green Day
metal
Metallica
Iron Maiden
Metallica
Kill 'Em All
Guns N' Roses
Appetite for Destruction
Slipknot
debut album
Dubai
United Arab Emirates
Nottingham
Danny Worsnop
York
Stand Up and Scream
Sumerian
Victory
Joey Sturgis
US
Top Heatseekers
Top Hard Rock Albums
Top Independent Albums
Reckless and Relentless
UK Rock Chart
Australian Albums Chart
From Death to Destiny
Danny Worsnop
Asking Alexandria
We Are Harlot
Artistdirect
Keane
Oasis
cover
compilation album
Florence + The Machine
Sumerian Records
Shake It Out
Robbie Williams
Sumerian Records
Asking Alexandria
Asking Alexandria
rap metal
Caroline Records
American Satan
Stand Up and Scream
Reckless & Relentless
From Death to Destiny
The Black
Asking Alexandria
KBB Records

categories: Musicians from Dubai,Musicians from London,1988 births,English heavy metal singers,Asking Alexandria members,Kerrang! Awards winners,English heavy metal guitarists,21st-century English singers,Living people

paragraph: Ben Bruce

paragraph: Benjamin Paul Bruce (born 31 October 1988) is an English musician. He is a solo artist and an actor. He is the lead guitarist and backing vocalist of metalcore band Asking Alexandria. Bruce founded the band while he was living in Dubai but the band split and Ben moved back to the United Kingdom where he then started the band again under the same name Asking Alexandria with Danny Worsnop.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Bruce was born in Wandsworth, South London, England on 31 October 1988. At the age of six he and his family moved to Dubai. He would later move back to England in 2006 at age 17 in order to gain recognition in the music industry, which he would gain after forming Asking Alexandria.

paragraph: Bruce started playing the electric guitar at the age of 12 after being inspired by blues guitarists such as Eric Clapton, B.B. King and Gary Moore he then started listening to pop punk groups such as Blink-182, Sum 41 and Green Day and later, metal bands like Metallica and Iron Maiden. He insisted on learning to play electric guitar and would learn songs by ear. Bruce has stated that some of his favourite records consist of: Metallica's "Kill 'Em All" for its raw and aggressive sounds, Guns N' Roses' "Appetite for Destruction", and Slipknot's debut album which influenced him into more extreme metal genres.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:2006–present: Asking Alexandria.

paragraph: Bruce originally formed his first band in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in 2006. The band's original line-up consisted of completely different members compared to that of the band's lineup from 2008. The band released their debut album titled 'The Irony of Your Perfection'. Bruce moved back to England, Nottingham in 2006 at the age of 17 and the band followed only to leave after a month due to not being fully committed but Bruce wasn't willing to stop anytime soon. He then reassembled his second band with new members from the local area, including lead singer Danny Worsnop, of which he had moved into his flat apartment in York. He carried the name 'Asking Alexandria' over to the new lineup due to not wanting to bother to come up with a brand new name, so he stuck with the old one. When asked why he chose that particular name, he explained that ""'Most bands have a pretty shit band name, so I just came up with something. I came up with Alexandria as a human name, because people relate to humans."" although the reason for using the word 'asking' is not explained.

paragraph: The band released their first official debut album titled Stand Up and Scream in 2009 via Sumerian and Victory records, produced by Joey Sturgis. Although it didn't chart in the UK, it did chart in the US, peaking at; 4 in the Top Heatseekers, 24 in the Top Hard Rock Albums and 29 in the Top Independent Albums. The band's second album, titled Reckless and Relentless, was released in 2011 via Sumerian records, which again featured Joey Sturgis. This time, the album did chart in the UK, peaking at 7 on the UK Rock Chart, and also charted in Australia at 30 on the Australian Albums Chart. They released their third album, titled From Death to Destiny in 2013 via Sumerian Records and peaked in the US at 5 and the Top Hard Rock Albums at 1, and also charted in the UK at 28 and in Australia at 11, making it their most commercially successful album to date.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:2014–present: Solo.

paragraph: Bruce announced that he would start recording his first album as a solo artist on 6 January 2014, after Danny Worsnop's open involvement with both Asking Alexandria, his solo album, and his latest project We Are Harlot. When interviewed by Artistdirect's Rick Florino, Bruce stated that he had recorded his solo album when asked about the direction it is leaning into he responded with ""There's nothing really heavy about it. There are a few classic rock 'n' roll tunes on there. Really, it's a lot of softer rock stuff."" and compared it to Keane or Oasis, going on to say that it is a more of a chilled rock album, he also stated that he is the primary vocalist of the album and has eased off the guitar duties for this particular album. In January 2015, Danny Worsnop stated that Bruce has completed his album and will be releasing it that same year.

paragraph: In March 2014, Bruce was revealed as a featured artist on the cover compilation album of Florence + The Machine, released by Sumerian Records, of which he covered the single Shake It Out. When Rocksound queried on the sound of the solo album, Bruce stated that he'd describe it as "Chilled out. I'd honestly liken it to Keane, Robbie Williams and Oasis." and further stated that he finds Robbie Williams to be his main influence. It was also revealed that the album will be released through Sumerian Records later in 2015, however due to the departure of Danny Worsnop from Asking Alexadria, Bruce decided to put his solo career on hold while he gets his main band up and running again with a new singer and album. Since then he has stated that he has written more material for his solo project and intends to record new songs along with re-recording his older ones once he has some time off from touring.

paragraph: Section::::Other ventures.

paragraph: Section::::Other ventures.:2011–present: BB Clothing.

paragraph: Bruce started his own clothing line originally in 2011 and existed as an online business, separated from official merchandise associated with Asking Alexandria. Bruce remained inactive on the project after 27 June 2013, the last date which he added new designs to his brand, but released a statement that more designs will be released in the following year.

paragraph: Section::::Other ventures.:2014–present: KBB Records.

paragraph: In March 2014, it was announced that Bruce, along with Asking Alexandria's manager, Kyle Borman, had launched a record label called 'KBB', and had signed a rap metal band called 'Scare Don't Fear'. The band themselves decided to sign with KBB due to other record labels requesting them to change their style of music, while Ben Bruce expressed that he didn't want anything to change in their sound and to maintain it instead, giving the band more freedom in their creativity.

paragraph: It was revealed later that month that Caroline Records will be in a distribution partnership with KBB Records. The label's first release and the band's debut album, 'From the Ground Up', was released on 17 June the same year. In May the same year, it was revealed that metal band 'The Family Ruin' had also been signed and added to the roster and will be releasing an album later the same year.

paragraph: When he was asked why he created the label in the first place, he explained that he loved every aspect of music and wanted to be further involved in the music industry whether it's writing it, performing it, or helping other bands, and explained that it initially started with ""...groups of my friends starting bands and asking for my help to manage them. I thought, "Wouldn't it be great if I could actually help bands that I think are worthy of being helped and deserve to be somewhere more than just giving them advice?"""

paragraph: BULLET::::- Current roster

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scare Don't Fear (2014–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Family Ruin (2014–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Run 2 Cover (2015-present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Fall To Break (2015-present)

paragraph: Section::::Other ventures.:Filmography.

paragraph: Released on 13 October 2017, Ben Bruce was featured in the film American Satan. Bruce plays the character "Leo Donovan".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: From 2013 until their divorce in 2015, Bruce was married to Samantha Cassaro.

paragraph: Since 27 June 2015, he has been in a relationship with Ciara Bruce, whom he met through Warped Tour. They married on 9 June 2017. Their daughter, Fae, was born to the couple on 10 September 2016.

paragraph: On 9 June 2017, the couple married. Their son, Fynn, was born on 16 October 2017. Bruce is an atheist.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Asking Alexandria

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stand Up and Scream" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reckless & Relentless" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From Death to Destiny" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Asking Alexandria" (2017)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- KBB Records

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Ben Bruce

wikipedia_title: Ben Bruce


text:
Selim I
Hafsa Sultan
Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman the Magnificent
Skopje
Ayşe Hafsa Sultan
türbe
Selim I
Yavuz Selim Mosque
Muhteşem Yüzyıl

categories: 16th-century Ottoman royalty,Year of birth missing,16th-century women of the Ottoman Empire,1559 deaths,Daughters of Ottoman sultans

paragraph: Beyhan Sultan (daughter of Selim I)

paragraph: Beyhan Sultan (died 1559) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Selim I and Hafsa Sultan. She was the sister of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: In 1513, Beyhan Sultan married vizier Damat Ferhat Pasha. However, on 1 November 1524, Ferhet Pasha quelled the rebellion of Janberdi and was executed on the orders of her brother Suleiman the Magnificent.

paragraph: She was alienated from her brother and refused to remarry and lived in a self exile from Istanbul in her palace at Skopje.

paragraph: Beyhan Sultan's loyalty to her husband surpassed her loyalty to her family, which was a rare occasion.

paragraph: Ferhat was executed on the grounds of rapacious and ruthless conduct in the provinces which he was assigned.

paragraph: Through the intersession of Suleiman's mother Ayşe Hafsa Sultan, Ferhat had been pardoned after his first offences, but he continued to provoke the complaints from his constituents, the sultan ordered him executed.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: She died in 1559. Her resting place is located inside the türbe of her father Selim I in Yavuz Selim Mosque.

paragraph: Section::::Depictions in literature and popular culture.

paragraph: In the TV series "Muhteşem Yüzyıl," Beyhan Sultan is portrayed by Turkish actress Pınar Çağlar Gençtürk.

description: Ottoman princess, daughter of Selim I

wikidata_label: Beyhan Sultan

wikipedia_title: Beyhan Sultan (daughter of Selim I)


text:
painter
ceramist
Guggenheim Fellowship
Lima
AMS

categories: Dada,Chilean people of Basque descent,1931 births,20th-century Chilean painters,People from Santiago,Chilean people of Spanish descent,Living people

paragraph: Ricardo Yrarrázaval Larraín

paragraph: Ricardo Yrarrázaval Larraín (born October 12, 1931) is a Chilean painter and ceramist. The central theme of his work is man and his status in society.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He is born in Santiago and his artistic vocation awoke at an early age. After enrolling on a ship bound for Egypt, traveled to Naples and Rome, where he entered the School of Fine Arts to study painting.

paragraph: Later, the Italian capital left and went to France to finally settle in Vallauris, a small village on the Riviera, where Picasso had also resided. There he became acquainted with the techniques of pottery, an activity that was spent for several years and it has never completely abandoned.

paragraph: In 1966 he received a Guggenheim Fellowship to work for a year in New York.

paragraph: His pictorial production is low but intense. After some abstract experiences, in which he played with geometric shapes that were composing vertical frames, in the 1970s his work became surrealistic and began painting in a style called subjective realism and which would later evolve into the goal. The characters in his paintings are figures of flat volumes and distorted shapes that represent archetypes of modern society.

paragraph: The many awards he has received include the second prize of the Biennale de Lima (1968) and first prize in painting contest I National Securities Placement Chile (1975).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AMS

alias:
Ricardo Yrarrazaval
Ricardo Yrarrazaval Larrain

description: Chilean painter

wikidata_label: Ricardo Yrarrázaval

wikipedia_title: Ricardo Yrarrázaval Larraín


text:
Indian
United States
San Francisco Chronicle
Calcutta University
University of California, Berkeley
Vedanta Society
Lewis and Clark Exposition
Portland, Oregon
San Francisco Chronicle
Overland Monthly
Y.M.C.A.
Eugene W. Hilgard
Wheeler
Berkeley Daily Gazette
Calcuttat (sic) University
Sarangadhar Das
Porto Rico
Cuba
Bengal National College
"The Hindu in America"
Overland Monthly

categories: Indian independence activists from Bengal,University of Calcutta alumni,Indian expatriates in the United States,Bengali people,Indian agriculturalists,People of British India,University of California, Berkeley alumni,Scientists from Kolkata

paragraph: Girindra Mukerji

paragraph: Girindra Mukerji was an Indian anti-British revolutionary, organizer, and agriculturist. His article "The Hindu in America" has been widely cited as a document describing early Indian immigration to the United States.

paragraph: Mukerji was born in India, and according to the "San Francisco Chronicle", the son of a "Judge of one of the higher courts."

paragraph: In 1901, he received an AB degree from Calcutta University. He moved to the United States and became a student at the University of California, Berkeley circa 1905. His time at UC Berkeley was widely covered by American press.

paragraph: In summer 1905, according to Gopal Stavig, Mukerji represented the Vedanta Society at the Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland, Oregon. Mukerji was the President of the Association of Oriental Students at UC Berkeley during at least 1907-1908. In November 1907, he published a booklet on American colleges focused on an Indian audience; the release was covered in the "San Francisco Chronicle". A subsequent article, "The Hindu in America," was published in the "Overland Monthly" in April 1908.

paragraph: In December 1907, Mukerji gave a scathing lecture on the British empire in India to UC Berkeley's Economics Club, which was covered in the "San Francisco Chronicle", in an article titled "Hindu Arraigns Britons for the Ruin of India: Calcutta Graduate Scores England for Overtaxing of His People."

paragraph: In January 1908 he led a student protest against J. Lovell Murray, a Christian evangelist who was in Berkeley to give a talk titled "Awakening the Orient" organized by the local Y.M.C.A. Just before Murray was about to enter Stiles Hall to give his lecture, 16 of the 17 Indian students at UC Berkeley, including Mukerji, requested Murray to remove from his talk any references to the immorality of Hindu priests, and its use in the justification of the occupation of India by the British. Murray refused. Once Murray was finished speaking, Mukerji was invited to respond to speaker. He spoke against the British occupation, followed by six other students from the group, until the organizers decided to shut down the event.

paragraph: Mukerji was a student of Professor Eugene W. Hilgard, an expert on agricultural chemistry. In 1907-1908, he received a Master of Science from the College of Agriculture at UC Berkeley; his thesis was entitled "A Comparative Study of Soil Columns in the San Joaquin Valley." University President Wheeler, who was present at his farewell, spoke highly of his work and cited him as a role model for other Indians.

paragraph: In 1907, the "Berkeley Daily Gazette" reported that Mukerji was to "return to his home to take the chair of agriculture at the Calcuttat (sic) University." Mukerji left for New York in March 1908. In a 1911 article, Sarangadhar Das wrote that after graduating from UC Berkeley in 1908, Mukerji "worked as the Superindending (sic) Chemist in a sugar factory in Porto Rico, Cuba, and now is employed in the Bengal National College. Mukerji was Hindustani Interpreter in the employ of the Immigration Department."

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hindu in America" (Overland Monthly, April 1908)

description: Indian activist

wikidata_label: Girindra Mukerji

wikipedia_title: Girindra Mukerji


text:
African-American
America's racial problems
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
William Merritt Chase
Charles Grafly
John Joseph Boyle
Thomas Eakins
Dunbar High School
William Merritt Chase
Harlem Renaissance
Sargent Claude Johnson
Dunbar High School
Howard University
Institutional racism#In civil service
African American firsts

categories: 20th-century American sculptors,1931 deaths,Artists from Philadelphia,American women sculptors,1877 births,20th-century American women artists,African-American sculptors,History of racism in the United States

paragraph: May Howard Jackson

paragraph: May Howard Jackson (September 7, 1877 – 1931) was an African-American sculptor.

paragraph: She was known as "one of the first black sculptors to ... deliberately use America's racial problems" as the theme of her art.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: On September 7, 1877, May Howard Jackson was born to a middle class couple, Floarda Howard and Sallie Durham in Philadelphia; the city where she grew up. She came from a supportive family that was relatively privileged and interested in the fine arts

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Jackson attended J. Liberty Tadd's art school in Philadelphia, where she was trained with "New Methods in Education" that emphasized the use of visual arts and their importance in strengthening both left and right sides of the brain. There, she studied "drawing, designing, free-hand drawing, working designs in monochrome, modeling, wood carving, and the use of tools".

paragraph: After that, she continued her avant-garde art training more intensely under a full scholarship at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. She was the first African American woman to attend PAFA and started studying in 1895 where she continued for four years. Here, she studied under renowned American Impressionist William Merritt Chase, and also under Paris-trained academic sculptors Charles Grafly and John Joseph Boyle, who had been a student of Thomas Eakins.

paragraph: With such elaborate and diverse training at a young age, she had an advantage among her peers, with one of the best art educations of any African American of the 19th century.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After graduating, Jackson met and married mathematics teacher and high school principal, William Sherman Jackson. He taught at the Dunbar High School known as the first public high school for African Americans. Here is where her sculpture of Paul Laurance Dunbar, done in 1919 and completed in bronze, resides; as the school would eventually be known as Dunbar High. This bronze portrait has a textured, impressionistic surface that allows for a lively play of light off the surface. The impressionistic style could have been a result of being influenced after being taught under American Impressionist William Merritt Chase at PAFA.

paragraph: After marrying, she moved to Washington D.C. in 1902. Her husband was appointed head of the math department at the Dunbar High School, and she worked as a portrait sculptor throughout her life. She maintained her own home studio in Washington D.C. and an additional studio in New York, where she discussed her work with visitors, . Aside from portrait sculpting, she spent two years teaching at Howard University as an art instructor from 1922 - 1924. There she taught and influenced James Porter, who went on to write one of the first comprehensive histories of African-American art. As an art historian, though, James was not impressed by her artwork and said after her death that her work had, "No great originality in any of the pieces she attempted," (Aberjhani). Despite that, she became so well known by 1922 that she was approached and asked to interact the newly formed art department at the school.

paragraph: At some point, Meta Warrick Fuller offered Jackson to accompany her during her study abroad. However, Jackson declined the invitation because she thought it was not necessary to travel to Europe to further her education. As a result of not traveling to Europe, Jackson was somewhat isolated from her peers and was able to create her own vision that infused her work with a unique style that was at first ignored for its difference from the popular style of the time.

paragraph: Her style was provocative for expressing the features of the multiracial in American society. Though she had developed her own unique style, this style still adhered to academic tradition. Many galleries were not interested in her subject matter, as she dedicated most of her work to objective portraits of children, family members, and influential African Americans.

paragraph: Jackson exhibited at the Corcoran Gallery in Washington D.C. in 1915, the Veehoff Gallery in New York City in 1919, and the National Academy of Design in 1916 and 1928. At the Veeroff Gallery, she was reviewed by the Washington Star:

paragraph: Jackson was also involved in the New Negro Movement which promoted a better understanding o African American. This could show through her sculptures as well. Although she was known in Black Art circles, she was unable to sell her work and held a lifelong grudge against the art community, feeling unappreciated, (Kirschke). Leslie King-Hammond, an art historian, later praised Jackson's, "efforts to address...without compromise and without sentimentality, the issues of race and class, especially as they affected mulattos".

paragraph: Despite her talent, few galleries were willing to offer her exhibition space. With legal racial segregation and disenfranchisement of most blacks having been in force across the South since the turn of the century, topics such as racial mixing were taboo in general. Laws against miscegenation had been proposed in both federal and state legislatures after Democrat Woodrow Wilson was elected as President in 1912.

paragraph: Jackson's work and professional achievements were often overlooked, which left her feeling unappreciated. The Bontempses' astuste analysis (a journal of the Harlem Renaissance) says that Jackson's greatest handicap was most likely psychological and unappreciated by the artist, but also says that she dealt with "the sorts of color-caste prejudices that tormented so many other near-white Black women in post-Reconstruction America" and she "may very well have reflected undercurrents of self-hatred and personal guilt symptomatic of a kind of racial schizophrenia and motivated by a powerful, perhaps irrational assimilationist dream," (Kirschke). Though her work appeared time and time again in the Crisis and even on the cover as early as 1919, this is what she had to say about it in 1929, "I felt no satisfaction! Only deep sense of injustice, something that has followed me and my efforts all my life." In that same year, she won a coveted bronze medal and a one hundred dollar prize from the Harmon Foundation and had five works exhibited in the Harmon show, (Kirschke). Two of these works were then illustrated in the catalogue, the works being "Kelly Miller", and "Head of a Negro Child".

paragraph: Jackson's contributions to American art were not appreciated until after her death and the public's tepid response to her work weighed on her. W. E. B. Du Bois described her in a postscript as, "At once bitter and fierce with energy, cynical of praise and above all at odds with life and people..With her sensitive soul, she needed encouragement and contacts and delicate appreciation. Instead of this, she ran into the shadows of the Color Line...In the case of May Howard Jackson the contradictions and idiotic ramifications of the Color Line tore her soul asunder...She met rebuffs in her attempts to study and in her attempts at exhibition...in her chosen ideal of portraying the American mulatto type".

paragraph: Section::::Race.

paragraph: For centuries Europeans and Africans had formed unions and marriages. Though there is no proof that she was bi-racial, Jackson was known to have been mistaken for being Caucasian. Often, when she was thought to be white she was treated very well, but when her racial identity was found out she was subjected to humiliating rebuffs. Jackson addresses the issues of identity in her work "Mulatto Mother and Child"(1929) where she responded to her "near-whiteness". This caused problems for her throughout her career but also inspired one of her most well known pieces.

paragraph: At one point, she applied for a membership to the Washington Society of Fine Arts. Her application was accepted, but then later rejected when the society found out she was African American. Another instance was when the National Academy of Design sent someone to her home to ask if she was of "Negro blood" and later declined to allow any more of her work in future exhibits. Aside from that, Jackson expressed a fascination with the wide variety of features among African Americans and this became evident in her work. Pieces that expressed this love are works such as "Head of a Negro Child" (1916), "Mulatto Mother and Child" (1929), and "Shell-Baby in Bronze" (1929). These three pieces defined her sculptures. Jackson was a unique representative of the Weltzensang of the Jazz Age that embraced and exalted Black Beauty, (Kirschke).

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Jackson did not have any children of her own, but she and her husband took in their nephew, Sargent Claude Johnson when he was fifteen after both of his parents died. It is believed that he may have been tutored by Jackson, as he grew up to be a renowned sculptor of the Harlem Renaissance himself. His work can be characterized as a reductive modernism, whereas Jackson followed a more academic approach to her sculptures, (Kirschke).

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: As a sculptress, Jackson was accomplished enough to be counted among the Pantheon of great American Sculptors; despite her inability to sell at exhibits due to race. She died in the year 1931. She is entombed at the Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York City.

paragraph: Section::::Review.

paragraph: "The Crisis", Vol. 12, No. 3, July 1916.

paragraph: Mrs May Howard Jackson, Veerhoff Gallery, Washington, DC. From the "Washington Star", ""Of the three works reviewed, …touching upon the mysteries of heredity in a way which is exceedingly striking"" Adding: ""her work has always shown promise, but these pieces now on exhibition indicate exceptional gift, for they are not merely well modeled, but individual and significant.""

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paul Lawrence Dunbar" (Dunbar High School, Washington D.C.).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "W.E.B. Du Bois"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dean Kelly Miller (1914, Howard University)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Head of a Negro Child" (1916).

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Bust of a Young Woman" (n.d., plaster, held by Howard University)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baby in a Shell".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Slave boy".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mother and Child".

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The New York Emancipation Exhibition (1913)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Corcoran Art Gallery (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The National Academy of Design (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Veerhoff Gallery, Washington D.C. (1916)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: 1.Kirschke Amy, Woman Artists of the Harlem Renaissance (University Press of Mississippi, Jackson, 2014) Pages 115-156.

paragraph: 2.Farrington, Lisa E. (2011). Creating their own image: history of African American Women Artists (Print book; English ed.). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. Pp. 64–75. .

paragraph: 3.Aberjhani, Sandra L. West. (2003) Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. New York; New York: Checkmark Books. P 169. .

paragraph: Institutional racism#In civil service Disenfranchisement of the Negro in public spaces

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: African American firsts

description: American sculptor

wikidata_label: May Howard Jackson

wikipedia_title: May Howard Jackson


text:
Verona
Italian
Renaissance
Mannerist
Verona
Paolo Veronese
San Nicolò dei Mendicoli
Ridolfi
Fake or Fortune?
St John the Baptist's Church, Tunstall
"Italian Paintings, Venetian School"

categories: Venetian painters,Mannerist painters,Deaths by poisoning,Italian male painters,1540 births,Veronese painters,People from Verona,16th-century Italian painters,1602 deaths

paragraph: Francesco Montemezzano

paragraph: Francesco Montemezzano or Monte Mezzano (Verona 1555–after 1602) was an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance or Mannerist period.

paragraph: He was born near Verona, and appears to have been a follower, if not a pupil, of Paolo Veronese. He was active both in Venice and the mainland, painting mainly sacred subjects.

paragraph: He completed some of the panels for the church of San Nicolò dei Mendicoli. Ridolfi in a short biography notes that Francesco "gave himself excessively to the pleasures of love, fell in love with expensive objects" and this led to an early death by poisoning.

paragraph: Section::::Media.

paragraph: He was featured in the BBC One television programme "Fake or Fortune?" on 19 July 2015, in which a painting in an English church, St John the Baptist's Church, Tunstall, Lancashire, was verified as being by the artist.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Italian Paintings, Venetian School", a collection catalog containing information about Montemezzano and his work (see index; plate 49).

alias:
Montemezzano scolaro di Paolo
Montemezzano

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Francesco Montemezzano

wikipedia_title: Francesco Montemezzano


text:
Antonio López de Santa Anna
Maximilian of Mexico
chargé d'affaires
United States
Mexico City
Joaquín Velázquez Cárdenas y León
Francisco de Alarcón y Ocaña
Agustín de Iturbide
Battle of Azcapotzalco
Tacuba
pneumonia
icteria velazquezi
yellow-breasted chat
Charles Lucien Bonaparte

categories: Politicians from Mexico City,1882 deaths,1803 births,Mexican Secretaries of Economy

paragraph: Joaquín Velázquez de León

paragraph: Joaquín Velázquez de León (16 March 1803 – 8 February 1882) was a 19th-century conservative politician of Mexico who served as the founding Minister of Colonization, Industry and Commerce (1853–1855) in the cabinet of Antonio López de Santa Anna, as minister of State of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico (1864–1866) and as chargé d'affaires (ad interim) of Mexico to the United States (1842).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Velázquez was born on 16 March 1803 in Mexico City to Juan Felipe Velázquez de León, cousin of the scientist and lawyer, Joaquín Velázquez Cárdenas y León, and María Guadalupe Álvarez y Güitian, granddaughter of Francisco de Alarcón y Ocaña, secretary of the Spanish Viceroy and Royal Official of Veracruz (in ).

paragraph: He enrolled at the Royal College of Mining on 26 February 1817 but suspended his studies on 1 July 1821 to join the 1st American Battalion (formerly, Regiment of the New Spain) of Agustín de Iturbide. He was awarded the Cross of Azcapotzalco for his services during the Battle of Azcapotzalco (19 August 1821) and on 9 February 1822 he was appointed Second Lieutenant in the then recently created Engineers Corps. On 20 July 1822, he was promoted to First Lieutenant and on 23 January 1823 he began to teach Mathematics to the members of the Corps.

paragraph: Velázquez suffered from blindness during the last 13 months of his life, after damaging his optical nerves while doing a demonstration with one of his telescopes. He died on 8 February 1882 in Tacuba, then a suburb of Mexico City, after suffering three days from pneumonia.

paragraph: The "icteria velazquezi", a variety of the yellow-breasted chat classified by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1837, is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- " (1854)

paragraph: BULLET::::- " (1854)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1875)

alias:
Joaquín Velázquez
Joaquin Velazquez
Joaquin Velazquez de Leon

description: Mexican politician and diplomat

wikidata_label: Joaquín Velázquez de León

wikipedia_title: Joaquín Velázquez de León


text:
Kannada
Communist Party of India
Kayyur
Meenamasathile Sooryan
Lenin Rajendran
Anupama Niranjana
Hyderabad
Karnataka Sahitya Akademi Award

categories: 1992 deaths,20th-century Indian translators,20th-century Indian novelists,Writers from Hyderabad, India,1924 births,Kannada-language writers,20th-century Indian short story writers

paragraph: Niranjana (writer)

paragraph: Kulakunda Shiva Rao (15 June 1924 – 13 March 1992), popularly known as Niranjana, was a Kannada playwright, novelist and a freedom fighter. The hardships faced during childhood shaped Niranjana's later literary career.

paragraph: Section::::Writing career.

paragraph: Niranjana wrote more than sixty books. His first published novel was "Vimochane" ("Wait for the moon") published in 1953. Some of his other notable works are— "Chirasmarane", and "Mrityunjaya". He also edited Kannada translation of "Vishwa Katha Kosha" ("A Treasury of World Short Stories"). He also translated a number of works into Kannada language.

paragraph: Niranjana was attracted to marxism during his youth and was an active member of the Communist Party of India. He became disillusioned later and left it but still continued to raise his voice for the downtrodden and oppressed through his writings. He suffered a stroke in 1971 when he was at his zenith of writing career. He wrote "Mrityunjaya" in 1976. "Chirasmarane" is based on the historic Kayyur incident of the 1940s in Kasaragod district where peasants rose against local landlords. "Chirasmarane" was adapted into a 1986 Malayalam movie "Meenamasathile Sooryan" by Lenin Rajendran.

paragraph: He edited "Vishwa Katha Kosha", a 25-volume work which made stories from around the world available in Kannada and also worked as an editor to bring out the "Kannada Jnana Kosha".

paragraph: Niranjana married Venkata Lakshmi, who later become a writer (with the pen name Anupama Niranjana). They have two daughters, Seemanthini and Tejaswini. His wife died of cancer in 1991. Niranjana died a year later, on 13 March 1992 in Hyderabad, due to illness.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vimochane" (Wait for the Moon"", first novel)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chirasmarane" (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mrtyunjaya" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vishwa Katha Kosha" ("A Treasury of World Short Stories",editor)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kalyaanaswamy" (Novel)

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: Niranjana received these awards and honours—

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karnataka Sahitya Akademi Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nehru Soviet Land Award

description: Indian writer

wikidata_label: Kulakunda Shivaray

wikipedia_title: Niranjana (writer)


text: American

text: storyboard artist

text: Fleischer Studios

text: Famous Studios

text: Fleischer Studios

text: Superman

text: Seymour Kneitel

text: Gulliver's Travels

text: Mr. Bug Goes to Town

text: Dan Gordon

text: Famous Studios

text: Superman

text: Little Lulu

text: Little Audrey

text: Casper the Friendly Ghost

text: Harvey Comics

categories: American male screenwriters,American animators,American animated film directors,American film directors,20th-century American businesspeople,American storyboard artists,1906 births,American film producers,1958 deaths

paragraph: Isadore Sparber

paragraph: Isadore "Izzy" Sparber (March 7, 1906 - August 29, 1958) was an American storyboard artist, writer, director and producer of animated films. He is best known for his work with Fleischer Studios and its successor, Famous Studios. When credited, his work appeared under varying versions of his name, including "Izzy Sparber," "I. Sparber," "Irving Sparber," and "Isidore Sparber" or "Isadore Sparber."

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Sparber worked for Fleischer Studios in the 1930s and early 1940s where much of his early work was uncredited. However, he was credited as a writer for several "Superman" cartoons (all with Seymour Kneitel), as well as the feature-length films "Gulliver's Travels" and "Mr. Bug Goes to Town". He also wrote some Betty Boop cartoons, Color Classic cartoons and Popeye cartoons with no credit. Sparber was first mentioned in a Popeye cartoon as the namesake for a demolition company, Sparber Destruction Co., in the cartoon "Quiet! Pleeze"(1941). When Paramount Pictures took over Fleischer Studios in 1942, Sparber, Dan Gordon and Seymour Kneitel were named as the new heads of the renamed Famous Studios.

paragraph: Despite working without onscreen credit for most of his tenure with the Fleischers, Sparber is credited with producing or co-producing nearly 400 cartoons afterward, and directed at least 160 of them. Aside from Sparber directing a good amount of shorts about Popeye, he was also directly responsible for numerous entries in Famous Studios' "Superman", "Little Lulu"/"Little Audrey" and "Casper the Friendly Ghost" series.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Sparber died on August 29, 1958 in New York City at the age of 52. It has been said that this may have been a factor in Paramount's 1959 decision to discontinue production of several cartoon series and sell the rights to Harvey Comics, but apparently this is not the case. During the reorganization of Famous Studios into Paramount Cartoon Studios in late 1956, Sparber was fired along with a number of other veteran Famous Studios staffers as a measure to cut costs. That Sparber continued to collect credits long after he was fired was a result of the long gestation time in animation; indeed, Sparber's last cartoon, "Travelaffs" (1958), opened a week before he died.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden Age Cartoons Forums Archives: Izzy Sparber's Death

alias:
Isidore Sparber
Izzy Sparber
Irving Sparber

description: American film director

wikidata_label: Isadore Sparber

wikipedia_title: Isadore Sparber


text:
Quechua
Sapa Inca
Inca Empire
Huayna Capac
Ninan Cuyochi
smallpox
Quito
Atahualpa
Juan de Betanzos
Quizquiz
battle of Chimborazo
Battle of Quipaipan
Quizquiz
Cuzco
Huascarán

wikipedia_title:
Quechuan languages
Sapa Inca
Inca Empire
Huayna Capac
Ninan Cuyochi
Smallpox
Quito
Atahualpa
Juan de Betanzos
Quizquiz
Battle of Chimborazo
Battle of Quipaipan
Quizquiz
Cusco
Huascarán

paragraph: Huáscar

paragraph: Huáscar Inca (; Quechua: "Waskar Inka"; 1503–1532) also Guazcar was Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire from 1527 to 1532. He succeeded his father, Huayna Capac, and his brother Ninan Cuyochi, both of whom died of smallpox while campaigning near Quito.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The origin of his name is uncertain. One story is that Huascar was named after a huge gold chain that was made to mark the occasion of his birth. "Huasca" is Quechua for "chain." Because his father did not think "chain" was an appropriate name for a prince, he added an "r" to the end of the name to make "Huascar". Another story is that his name is from his birthplace, Huascarpata.

paragraph: The actual events that brought about Huáscar's succession are unclear. Conflicting factions and the fact that the Spanish chroniclers' accounts stemmed from the winners of the ensuing civil war led to conflicting versions of what actually happened. Thus, although Huayna Capac named the infant Ninan Cuyochi as his first heir, sources differ as to whether the boy died first, was unacceptable because of an unfavorable divination, or even if Huayna simply forgot that he had named him when asked to confirm the nomination. In any event, a second choice was requested, and again sources vary. He may have named Huáscar's half-brother Atahualpa who then refused, or named Huáscar himself, or perhaps even the nobles put forward Huáscar. Whatever the truth, the result of Huáscar's accession and the dispute over it before and after led to civil war between Huáscar (made emperor by a faction based in Cuzco) and Atahualpa (backed by leaders who were based in the north with Huayna).

paragraph: The Spanish chronicler Juan de Betanzos who provided information pertaining to the Huáscar-Atahualpa civil war, outlines Huáscar's tyranny. It is, however, a very biased account, as Betanzos's wife, on whose testimony much of his chronicle is based, was previously married to Atahualpa. Betanzos outlines how Huáscar would seize his lords' wives if they took his fancy. More importantly, he seized both the Lands of the Previous Incas and the Lands of the Sun. In Inca society, the lands of previous dead Incas remained part of their household to support their divine-like cult. Similarly lands were reserved for the worship of the Sun. Thus, Huáscar's seizure represented his disrespect and insensitivity for Inca religion.

paragraph: Huáscar then declared war on Atahualpa. The battles reported by Betanzos talk of Quizquiz (Atahualpa's commander) leading armies of 60,000 men against armies of 60,000 men supporting Huáscar. Betanzos's account also enlightens on the bloody nature of Inca wars. Atahualpa's punishment of the Canares saw him rip the hearts from their chiefs and force their followers to eat them.

paragraph: Huascar was defeated in the battle of Chimborazo and the Battle of Quipaipan. Huascar was made prisoner, and Atahualpa's chiefs Quizquiz and Chalicuchima occupied Cuzco.

paragraph: The war had Atahualpa in the clear ascendancy on Pizarro's arrival. However it was partly because of ongoing civil war that Pizarro was able to triumph. Firstly, the Inca armies were depleted from the civil war. Secondly, disunity can be demonstrated by Huáscar's celebrations and in the celebrations of the province of Cuzco (loyalists to Huáscar) at Atahualpa's capture.

paragraph: Furthermore, Atahualpa had Huáscar killed so that he was not in a position to offer Pizarro a larger ransom of gold than Atahualpa was offering for his own release. Atahualpa (spelled Atabalica) stated "How shall my brother get so much gold and silver for himself; I would give twice as much as he can, if they would kill him, and leave me as lord."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Huascarán, highest peak in Peru and named for Huáscar

alias:
Huáscar
Inti Cusi Huallpa Huáscar

description: Sapa Inca of the Inca empire from 1527 to 1532 AD

wikidata_label: Huascar

wikipedia_title: Huáscar


text:
Přemyslid dynasty
Duke of Bohemia
Boleslaus I the Cruel
Strachkvas
Mieszko I
Mlada
Biagota
Duchy of Bohemia
Ottonian
Germany
Mieszko I of Poland
Henry II of Bavaria
Otto II
Prague Castle
Quedlinburg
Poland
Otto III
Margravate of Meissen
Bolesław
Silesia
Lesser Poland
Lutici
Great Slav Rising
Diocese of Prague
Cosmas of Prague
Archbishop of Mainz
Saxon
Thietmar
Slavník dynasty
Soběslav
Saxon
Adalbert
Old Prussians
Vršovci
Libice
Adiva
English
Edward the Elder
Emma of Mělník
Boleslaus III
Oldřich

wikipedia_title: History of Poland during the Piast dynasty

categories: Year of birth uncertain,999 deaths,Christian monarchs,10th-century rulers in Europe,Dukes of Bohemia,930s births

paragraph: Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia

paragraph: Boleslaus II the Pious (; - 7 February 999), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was Duke of Bohemia from 972 until his death

paragraph: Section::::Life and reign.

paragraph: Boleslaus was an elder son of Duke Boleslaus I the Cruel and brother of the three other children of his father who survived to adulthood: Strachkvas, Dobrawa (the wife of Duke Mieszko I of Poland) and the abbess Mlada. His mother may have been Biagota, a mysterious figure known only from her coins. According to some historians, she was the wife of Boleslaus I.

paragraph: Section::::Life and reign.:Alliances.

paragraph: Boleslaus II took over the rule of the Duchy of Bohemia as "kníže" (a title that may be translated either as duke or prince) on his father's death in 972. Like his father, Boleslaus II initially quarrelled with the Ottonian kings of Germany. In 974 he and Duke Mieszko I of Poland supported the rebellious Duke Henry II of Bavaria in his civil war against the rule of Emperor Otto II. In 976, Henry was defeated and fled to Boleslaus' court at Prague Castle, whereafter Otto's forces campaigned the Bohemian lands. Finally in 978, Boleslaus solemnly pledged allegiance to the emperor at the Easter festivities in Quedlinburg.

paragraph: In turn, the relations with Poland deteriorated from about 980 onwards. When Emperor Otto II died in 983 and was succeeded by his minor son Otto III, the alliance was overturned, as Boleslaus again allied with the insurgent Bavarian Duke Henry, while Mieszko I took the side of the young king. Moreover, when Boleslaus occupied the Saxon Margravate of Meissen, he thwarted the plans of Mieszko's son Bolesław, who had married a daughter of Margrave Ricdag. In 987 Boleslaus had to retire from Meissen; from about 990, he sparked a long-lasting conflict with Poland around the lands of Silesia and Lesser Poland. In 992 he approached King Otto III and participated in an unsuccessful campaign against the Lutici tribes in the wake of the 983 Great Slav Rising.

paragraph: Section::::Life and reign.:Unification of the Bohemian lands.

paragraph: Boleslaus's reign is most notable for the foundation of the Diocese of Prague in 973, earning him the epithet "The Pious" by the medieval chronicler Cosmas of Prague. Nevertheless, the Bohemian diocese was placed at that time within the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Mainz and Emperor Otto II enforced the appointment of the Saxon monk Thietmar ("Dětmar") as first bishop.

paragraph: Meanwhile, the struggle with the rivalling Slavník dynasty flared up again from 981 onwards, when Prince Soběslav striving for independence began to forge alliances with the Polish and Saxon rulers. Upon Bishop Dětmar's death in 982, Soběslav's brother Adalbert (later known as Saint Adalbert of Prague) was appointed his successor until he abandoned his primacy to lead a mission to the Old Prussians in 994. On 28 September 995, Boleslaus' forces and the confederate Vršovci clan stormed Libice Castle in southern Bohemia and massacred the members of the Slavník dynasty that were found there. Boleslaus's brutal triumph ensured the unity of Bohemia under a single ruler.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: Boleslaus's first wife Adiva may have been a daughter of the English king Edward the Elder (Ælfgifu who married "a prince near the Alps"), though the evidence for this is weak. His second wife was Emma of Mělník. It is certain the Boleslaus's oldest son was born by Adiva, but the mother of the others cannot be established with certainty:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boleslaus III (c. 965 – 1037), his eldest son and successor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wenceslaus, died as an infant

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jaromír (c. 975 - 1035), became Duke of Bohemia in 1003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oldřich (c.  975 – 1034), became Duke of Bohemia in 1012

paragraph: Soon after his father's death, Boleslaus III entered into conflict with his brothers and was deposed in 1002. The internal struggles of the Přemyslid dynasty shook the Bohemian duchy, until Duke Oldřich's efforts stabilised the country.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joanna A. Sobiesiak: Bolesław II Przemyślida (†999): Dynasta i jego państwo. Kraków: Avalon, 2006

description: Duke and Prince of Bohemia

wikidata_label: Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia

wikipedia_title: Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia


text:
ancient Carthage
Gilbert Charles-Picard
Colette Picard
Carthage
Justin
first among equals
Sicily
Dionysius I
Syracuse
Lilybaeum
Berber
Timoleon
Carthaginian
Africa
Iberian Peninsula
First Punic War
Roman Republic
naval war
Rome
Hamilcar Barca
Second Punic War
anti-war
Hannibal
Battle of Cannae
Battle of Zama
Other Hannos
Hanno II the Great

categories: Anti-war,Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War,Monarchs of Carthage,4th-century BC rulers

paragraph: Hanno the Great

paragraph: Hanno the Great (, ) may refer to any of three different leaders of ancient Carthage, according to Gilbert Charles-Picard and Colette Picard: Hanno I the Great, Hanno II the Great, and Hanno III the Great. According to Warmington, there were three elders of Carthage called Hanno who were given the same nickname but he conjectures that it was a family nickname or a term not well understood by the ancient Greek or Roman writers. Warmington discusses only two of them (the Picards' Hannos I and II) but he does not use Roman numerals for them. Lancel mentions only one Hanno the Great, the Picards' "Hanno I". He references "Hanno II" but calls him simply "Hanno".

paragraph: Section::::Hanno I the Great.

paragraph: Hanno the Great was a politician and military leader of the 4th century BC.

paragraph: His title, according to Justin, was "princeps Cathaginiensium". It is considered more likely that the title signifies "first among equals", rather than being a title of nobility or royalty.

paragraph: His rival Suniatus was called the "potentissimus Poenorum", or "the most powerful of the Carthaginians", in the year 368. Several years later Suniatus was accused of high treason (for correspondence with Syracuse) and probably executed.

paragraph: In 367 Hanno the Great commanded a fleet of 200 ships which won a decisive naval victory over the Greeks of Sicily. His victory effectively blocked the plans of Dionysius I of Syracuse to attack Lilybaeum, a city allied to Carthage in western Sicily.

paragraph: For about twenty years Hanno the Great was the leading figure of Carthage, and perhaps the wealthiest. In the 340s he schemed to become the tyrant. After distributing food to the populace, the time for a show of force came and he utilized for that purpose the native slaves and a Berber chieftain. Although not a military threat to Carthage, Hanno the Great was captured, found to be a traitor, and tortured to death. Many members of his family were also put to death.

paragraph: Yet later his son Gisgo was given the command of seventy ships of Carthage manned by Greek mercenaries and sent to Lilybaeum, after which peace was negotiated by Carthage with Timoleon of Syracuse, c. 340. Thereafter, this family's prestige and influence at Carthage would tell in later generations.

paragraph: Hanno I the Great was probably an ancestor of Hanno II the Great.

paragraph: Section::::Hanno II the Great.

paragraph: Hanno the Great was a wealthy Carthaginian aristocrat in the 3rd century BC.

paragraph: Hanno's wealth was based on the land he owned in Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, and during the First Punic War he led the faction in Carthage that was opposed to continuing the war against Roman Republic. He preferred to continue conquering territory in Africa rather than fight a naval war against Rome that would bring him no personal gain. In these efforts, he was opposed by the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. Hanno demobilized the Carthaginian navy in 244 BC, giving Rome time to rebuild its navy and finally defeat Carthage by 241 BC.

paragraph: After the war, Hanno refused to pay the Berber mercenaries who had been promised money and rewards by Hamilcar. The mercenaries revolted, and Hanno took control of the Carthaginian army to attempt to defeat them. His attempt failed and he gave control of the army back to Hamilcar. Eventually, they both cooperated to crush the rebels in 238 BC.

paragraph: His nickname "the Great" was apparently earned because of his conquests among the African enemies of Carthage, and he continued to oppose war with Rome, which would necessarily involve naval engagements. During the Second Punic War, he led the anti-war faction in Carthage, and is blamed for preventing reinforcements from being sent to Hamilcar's son Hannibal after his victory at the Battle of Cannae. After Carthage's defeat at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC, he was among the ambassadors to negotiate peace with the Romans.

paragraph: Section::::Hanno III the Great.

paragraph: The third Hanno the Great was an ultra-conservative politician at Carthage during the 2nd century BC.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other Hannos in Carthaginian history

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hanno II the Great

wikidata_label: Hanno the Great

wikipedia_title: Hanno the Great


text:
stage
film actress
Laddie Cliff
Jack Buchanan
Her Heritage
The Co-Optimists
film adaptation
character
Her Heritage
Blackmail
The Co-Optimists
The King of Paris
Young Man's Fancy
The Good Old Days
Carnival
Diamond City

categories: British stage actresses,British film actresses,1976 deaths,1892 births,Actresses from London

paragraph: Phyllis Monkman

paragraph: Phyllis Monkman (1892–1976) was a British stage and film actress. She was married to the entertainer Laddie Cliff.

paragraph: In the early years of her career she was often partnered on stage by Jack Buchanan and appeared in a silent film "Her Heritage" with him in 1919. She was also prominent in the cast of the revue "The Co-Optimists" and reprised her role in the film adaptation. After this point she was increasingly confined to supporting character parts. She was romantically linked to George VI.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Her Heritage" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blackmail" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Co-Optimists" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The King of Paris" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Young Man's Fancy" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Good Old Days" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carnival" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diamond City" (1949)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Ross Moore. "Andre Charlot: The Genius of Intimate Musical Revue". McFarland, 2005.

description: actor

wikidata_label: Phyllis Monkman

wikipedia_title: Phyllis Monkman