text: Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell

text: Francis Ramaley

text: M.M. Ellis

categories: American malacologists,1937 deaths,University of Colorado Boulder people,1865 births,Politicians from Boulder, Colorado,American naturalists

paragraph: Junius Henderson

paragraph: Junius Henderson (April 1865 – November 4, 1937) was an American lawyer, judge, curator, and amateur malacologist who was the first Curator (a position eventually equivalent to Director) of the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, of which he is considered to be the founder. He has been described as “a giant of natural history in early-day Colorado” who “cast an enormous intellectual umbra.”

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Born in Marshalltown, Iowa, on April 30, 1865, Henderson was a ninth-generation American. He was of Scottish descent and was the son of a district court judge. By age 22, he was working as the editor of a small Washington newspaper.

paragraph: In 1892, he moved with his parents to Boulder, Colorado, where he worked in a law office. Two years later, he became a lawyer. By 1902 he had become a county judge and a law instructor at the University of Colorado.

paragraph: He had always been avidly interested in nature, so when he discovered that the university's natural history collection was small and poorly maintained, with no official curator, he volunteered to take care of it.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was appointed the honorary curator of the Museum (without pay) in 1902, when "the whole collection would have gone into a good sized wagon, and was of no value." The collection at that time consisted of “a few fossils and mollusk shells, a small collection of rocks and minerals, and several mounted bird and mammals.”

paragraph: “During his early years as judge and curator,” according to one source, “Henderson found time to earn a bachelor's degree from the university. Instead of attending graduation, he went exploring for fossils.”

paragraph: Working closely with Professors Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell and Francis Ramaley, he expanded the collection. “His skill in developing the museum collection earned him considerable recognition,” writes one source. In 1909, the Museum was declared a separate University department with a $500 annual budget, and Henderson was granted a salary and a full professorship. He resigned his position as judge and devoted himself full-time to the museum and to the collection of specimens for its collection.

paragraph: Over a 26-year period, he kept field notebooks containing handwritten daily accounts of his expeditions in the Rocky Mountains. His notebooks have been described as “paint[ing] a vivid picture of a changing Colorado, as horses-and-buggies give way to cars, cities grow, and wild landscapes retreat. Although their primary value is to biologists and geologists, his notes will also be of value to historians, geographers, and anthropologists interested in this period of Colorado’s history.” Those field notes, transcribed in 2001 by Professor Peter Robinson of the University of Colorado at Boulder, are available online.

paragraph: Henderson was one of the first to study and publish on the extinct (1905) and existing (1910) glaciers of Colorado. Henderson was especially interested in documenting the Arapaho glacier, of which he took many photographs from 1902 to 1922.[6] Photographs taken by him of glaciers can also be viewed online.[7Henderson was one of the first to explore the Arapaho glacier, of which he took many photographs from 1902 to 1922. Photographs taken by him of glaciers can also be viewed online.

paragraph: “In the early 20th century,” according to one source, “the biology program of the University of Colorado, led by Dr. Junius Henderson and Dr. Gordon Alexander, made significant contributions to early lists of birds.” He specialized, however, in mollusks, discovering 28 living and 33 fossil molluscan species. His complete checklist of freshwater and terrestrial mollusks of Idaho, published in 1924 (a supplement was issued in 1936), was not superseded until the year 2000.

paragraph: "The Albuquerque Journal" noted in 2008 that Henderson, visiting New Mexico in 1912 with Wilfred William Robbins, “puzzled over what they called New Mexico's 'great desiccation.'” While the state, they observed, had “insufficient moisture to support a large population,” archaeological evidence showed that large cities had once thrived there.

paragraph: Henderson remained Curator of the Museum until his retirement in 1933, when he was succeeded by Hugo G. Rodeck. In retirement, Henderson continued to pursue research. He died on November 4, 1937.

paragraph: A 2003 article in the Fort Collins Coloradoan, headlined “Henderson helped shape understanding of state,” celebrated Henderson's contributions to Colorado's heritage. “Read the early literature on Colorado birds,” wrote Kevin J. Cook, “and the name 'Junius Henderson' pops up again and again. Read about mammals in Colorado, or about reptiles and amphibians, or mollusks, especially mollusks, and Henderson appears. Read about Colorado itself, its geology and geography, or especially its glaciers, and Henderson figures prominently.”

paragraph: During Henderson's tenure, the Museum was located in the Hale Building. The current museum building, which opened in 1937, is now known as the Henderson Building.

paragraph: Section::::Honors and awards.

paragraph: Henderson was elected a member of the Malacological Society of London in 1913.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Henderson was married to his first wife, Nellie, for 30 years. She died in 1924. He married his second wife, Bess, a zoologist and teacher, in 1929.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: Henderson wrote books entitled "The Practical Uses of Birds" and "Economic Mammalogy". His other writings include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1905 Extinct Glaciers of Colorado. University of Colorado studies ; v. 3, no. 1:39-44

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1907. The Mollusca of Colorado. Part I. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, Colorado 4(2):77-96 + 2 plates.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1910. Extinct and existing glaciers of Colorado. General series ;, v. 8, no. 1. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, Colorado

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1912. The Mollusca of Colorado. Part III. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, Colorado 9(2-3):53-63.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. and M.M. Ellis, 1913. The Amphibia and Reptilia of Colorado.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. and L. E. Daniels. 1916. Hunting Mollusca in Utah and Idaho. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Proceedings 68:315-339.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1918. A mollusk hunt in Wyoming. Nautilus 32(2):40-47.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1919. Some further comments upon the work of Lorenzo Eugene Daniels. Nautilus 32(4):137-138.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1924. Mollusca of Colorado, Utah, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, Colorado 13(2):65-223.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1927. Some South Dakota Mollusca. Nautilus 41(1):19-20.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1928. Margaritifera vs. Margaritana. Nautilus 41(3):91.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1929. Some fossil fresh-water Mollusca from Washington and Oregon. Nautilus 42(4):119-123.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1929. Non-marine Mollusca of Oregon and Washington. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, Colorado 17(2):47-190.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1931. Variation in Carinifex newberryi (Lea) and Lymnaea utahensis (Call). Nautilus 44(3):77-79.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1931. The problem of the Mollusca of Bear Lake and Utah Lake, Idaho-Utah. Nautilus 44(4):109-113.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1931. Molluscan provinces in the western United States. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, Colorado 18(4):177-186.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1934. Some new Mesozoic Mollusca from the Rocky Mountain region and Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 8:259-263, pl. 36.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J 1935. Fossil non-marine Mollusca of North America. Geological Society of America. Special Paper 3:1-313. In the abstract to this book-length paper, Henderson writes that “in the Rocky Mountain States and the adjacent territory and extending far northward into British America, the non-marine formations are so extensive, of such thickness, and so associated with thick coal beds and other deposits of economic importance, that they are of great consequence to the geologist” but “present more complex and difficult problems than marine deposits generally do, which results in much disagreement as to the age and correlation of some of the formations.” The book seeks to provide a “comprehensive, systematic review and index” of the literature on this subject and “to clear up many problems in synonymy, geologic and geographic distribution of species, and so on.”

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1935. Margaritifera and Fluminicola in Wyoming. Nautilus 48(3):107.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1936. Mollusca of Colorado, Utah, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. Supplement. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, Colorado 23(2):81-145.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1936. The non-marine Mollusca of Oregon and Washington. Supplement. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, Colorado 23(4):251-280.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J. 1939. The mollusca of New Mexico and Arizona. pp. 187–194 in D.D. Brand and F.E. Harvey (eds.). So live the works of men. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, New Mexico. 366 pp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, J., and H.G. Rodek. 1934. New species of Pliocene Mollusca from Eastern Oregon. Journal of Paleontology 8(3):264-269.

description: American scientist

wikidata_label: Junius Henderson

wikipedia_title: Junius Henderson


text:
Pakistan
alpine skier
Winter Olympic Games
2010
Pakistani Canadian
Northern Pakistan
Men's Giant Slalom
2011 South Asian Winter Games
India
Pakistan at the 2010 Winter Olympics

categories: Olympic alpine skiers of Pakistan,Place of birth missing (living people),Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics,1986 births,Pakistani male alpine skiers,Alpine skiers at the 2003 Asian Winter Games,Living people

paragraph: Muhammad Abbas (skier)

paragraph: Muhammad Abbas (), (born February 16, 1986) is a Pakistani alpine skier who was his nation's first competitor at the Winter Olympic Games, in 2010. Muhammad Abbas was not expected to win any medal, but he outraced some of the other debuting skiers. A group said to be particularly interested were Pakistani Canadians.

paragraph: Abbas was raised in a small village in Northern Pakistan, and his first pair of skis were carved out of wood by his father. He was discovered at age 8 by a Pakistani Air Force officer (Group Captain(R) Zahid Farooq) who remains his coach. Abbas works for the Air Force, his assignment being to ski.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In the 2010 Winter Olympics he competed in the Men's Giant Slalom event. Out of the 103 skiers he finished 79th with a time of 1:38.27 in the first run and 1:42.31 in the second run, for a total time of 3:20.58, which was 42.75 seconds off the pace.

paragraph: Abbas participated in the 2011 South Asian Winter Games held in India in January.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pakistan at the 2010 Winter Olympics

description: skier

wikidata_label: Muhammad Abbas

wikipedia_title: Muhammad Abbas (skier)


text:
epithet
Marchena
Palencia
Juan Navarro Gaditanus
Cristóbal de Morales
Jaén
Málaga
Málaga
Morales
Francisco Guerrero
Cathedral of Avila
Salamanca
Ciudad Rodrigo
Palencia
Guerrero
villancico
villanescas
Daza

categories: 1530 births,Spanish classical composers,1580 deaths,Spanish male classical composers

paragraph: Juan Navarro Hispalensis

paragraph: Juan Navarro of Seville, hence the epithet "Hispalensis" (Marchena c. 1530 – Palencia 25 September 1580) was a Spanish composer. He is not related to the Mexican composer Juan Navarro Gaditanus, (i.e. Juan Navarro of Cadiz, c. 1550 – c. 1610).

paragraph: Navarro gave his place of birth as Marchena when inducted as chapel-master at Ciudad Rodrigo. Marchena is some 30 miles (50km) from Seville, but in its province and geographically near enough to justify the epiphet "Hispalensis", which appears on the title page of his 1590 Roman publication (below). Navarro sang as a tenor in the choir of the Duke of Arcos in Marchena (by 1549, when Cristóbal de Morales was chapel-master), then in the cathedrals of Jaén and Málaga. In 1553 he competed for the position of "maestro de capilla" in Málaga left vacant by the death of Morales, a competition won by Francisco Guerrero. In 1563 he was appointed "maestro de capilla" of the Cathedral of Avila, then in 1566 of Salamanca where he was appointed without being required to compete for the post. Avila offered to double his salary to keep him, but the position at Salamanca was more attractive. He left Salamanca after striking the chaplain and succentor, Juan Sanchez, in the face during Vespers on New Year's Eve 1573, and became chapel-master in 1574 at Ciudad Rodrigo and then Palencia in 1578, where he remained till his death and where he was buried.

paragraph: Navarro's compositions include two hymn cycles, one written in Avila (1565) and preserved in manuscript there, the second published posthumously in Rome (1590) as part of the 350-page collection of "Psalmi, Hymni ac Magnificat totius anni ... , for four, five, and six voices." This contained 12 vesper psalms, 18 vesper hymns, and a set of Magnificats in each of the eight tones (plus a ninth setting), plus 4 Marian antiphons - a formula closely following that of Guerrero's similar 1584 "Liber vesperarum". The only works printed in his lifetime were a villancico and two villanescas, in Daza's 1576 "El Parnaso".

paragraph: His works include a number of motets preserved in manuscript, but no mass settings. Among his works two settings of hymns ("Vexilla regis" and "Pange lingua"), two settings of antiphons ("Regina caeli" and "Ave Regina caelorum") and a "Te Deum" are based on uniquely Spanish chant melodies rather than the Roman melodies more commonly used by Renaissance composers.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Psalmi, hymni, ac Magnificat totius anni, secundum ritum Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae, quatuor, quinque, ac sex vocibus concinendi", Rome 1590 (posthumous)

description: Spanish composer

wikidata_label: Juan Navarro Hispalensis

wikipedia_title: Juan Navarro Hispalensis


text: Assyria

text: Babylon

text: Judah

text: Assyria

text: Nineveh

text: Esarhaddon

text: Urartu

text: Cilicia

text: Neo-Hittites

text: Second Book of Kings

text: Hebrew Bible

text: divine punishment

text: Nineveh

text: Hanging Gardens of Babylon

text: Bronze Age

text: Tigris

text: Iron Age

text: Tiglath-Pileser III

text: Shalmaneser V

text: Sargon II

text: Nineveh

text: Babylon

text: Elam

text: Egypt

text: Judah

text: Tiglath-pileser III

text: Marduk-apla-iddina

text: Shalmaneser V

text: Sargon II

text: Cimmerians

text: Persia

text: Media

text: Marduk

text: Ashur

text: Babylonian creation myth

text: Tiamat

text: New Year Festival

text: Sargon II

text: Babylonia

text: Marduk-apla-iddina II

text: Chaldea

text: Aramaean

text: Arab

text: Elam

text: Babylon

text: Bel-ibni

text: Hezekiah

text: Judah

text: Nubian

text: Egypt

text: Canaan

text: Phoenicia

text: Sidon

text: Ashkelon

text: Byblos

text: Ashdod

text: Ammon

text: Moab

text: Edom

text: Ekron

text: Jerusalem

text: besieged the city

text: Bel-ibni

text: Ashur-nadin-shumi

text: Persian Gulf

text: Nergal-ushezib

text: Mushezib-Marduk

text: Medes

text: Dumat al-Jandal

text: Hanging Gardens of Babylon

text: 2 Kings

text: 2 Chronicles

text: Book of Isaiah

text: Book of Tobit

text: divine punishment

text: Adrammelech

text: Assur-nãdin-sumi

text: Arda-Mulišši

text: Naqi'a Zakitu

text: Esarhaddon

text: Nisroch

text: Ahikar

text: Rabshakeh

text: Assyrian siege of Jerusalem

text: The Destruction of Sennacherib

text: Rare Stela of Sennacherib.

text: Prism of Sennacherib

text: The murderer of Sennacherib

text: Simo Parpola

text: Sennacherib's Invasion of Judah

text: University of Chicago

categories: 7th-century BC Assyrian kings,Biblical murder victims,Assyrian kings,Year of birth unknown,Monarchs of the Hebrew Bible,7th-century BC Babylonian kings,Sennacherib,8th-century BC Babylonian kings,8th-century BC Assyrian kings,681 BC deaths,Murdered monarchs,7th-century BC murdered monarchs,8th-century BC births

paragraph: Sennacherib

paragraph: Sennacherib was the king of Assyria from 705 BCE to 681 BCE. He is principally remembered for his military campaigns against Babylon and Judah, and for his building programs – most notably at the Assyrian capital of Nineveh. He was assassinated in obscure circumstances in 681 BCE, apparently by his eldest son (his designated successor, Esarhaddon, was the youngest).

paragraph: The primary preoccupation of his reign was the so-called "Babylonian problem", the refusal of the people of Babylonia to continue to accept Assyrian rule, culminating in his destruction of the city in 689 BCE. Further successful campaigns were carried out in the Levant, in the mountains east of Assyria, against the kingdoms of Urartu, Cilicia and the Neo-Hittites of Anatolia, and against the Arabs in the northern Arabian deserts. His campaigns in Syria are recorded in the Second Book of Kings in the Hebrew Bible. His death was welcomed in Babylon as divine punishment for the destruction of that city.

paragraph: He was also a notable builder: it was under him that Assyrian art reached its peak. His building projects included the beautification of Nineveh, a canal 50 km long to bring water to the city, and the "Palace Without Rival", which included what may have been the prototype of the legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon, or even the actual Hanging Gardens.

paragraph: Section::::Background: The Neo-Assyrian empire, 911–612 BCE.

paragraph: Assyria began as a Bronze Age city-state or small kingdom on the middle-Tigris. The kingdom collapsed at the end of the Bronze Age, but was reconstituted at the beginning of the Iron Age, and under Tiglath-Pileser III and his sons Shalmaneser V and Sargon II (combined reigns 744–705 BCE), Assyria extended its rule over Mesopotamia, Anatolia and Syria-Palestine, making its capital Nineveh, one of the richest cities of the ancient world. The empire's rise aroused the fear and hatred of its neighbours, notably Babylon, Elam and Egypt, and the many smaller kingdoms of the region such as Judah. Any perceived weakness on the part of Assyria led inevitably to rebellion, particularly by the Babylonians. Solving the so-called "Babylonian problem" was Sennacherib's primary preoccupation.

paragraph: Section::::The "Babylonian problem".

paragraph: Sennacherib's grandfather Tiglath-pileser III, unlike his predecessors who installed puppet rulers, had made himself king of Babylon, creating a dual monarchy in which the Babylonians retained a nominal independence. This arrangement was never accepted by powerful local leaders, particularly an important tribal chief named Marduk-apla-iddina (the Merodach-baladan of the Bible). Marduk-apla-iddina paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser, but when Tiglath-pileser's successor Shalmaneser V was overthrown by Sargon II (Sennacherib's father) he seized the opportunity to crown himself king of Babylon whilst Sargon was preoccupied driving the Cimmerians from his colonies in Persia and Media. The next thirty years saw a repeating pattern of Assyrian reconquest and renewed rebellion.

paragraph: Sargon dealt with the Babylonian problem by cultivating the Babylonians; Sennacherib took a radically different approach, and there is little sign that he cared about Babylonian popular opinion or took part in the ceremonial duties expected of a Babylonian king, notably the New Year ritual. His relations, instead, were predominantly military, and culminated in his complete destruction of Babylon in 689 BCE. He destroyed the temples and the images of the gods, except for that of Marduk, the creator-god and divine patron of Babylon, which he took to Assyria. This caused consternation in Assyria itself, where Babylon and its gods were held in high esteem. Sennacherib attempted to justify his actions to his own countrymen through a campaign of religious propaganda. Among the elements of this campaign he commissioned a myth in which Marduk was put on trial before Ashur, the god of Assyria–the text is fragmentary but it seems Marduk is found guilty of some grave offense; he described his defeat of the Babylonian rebels in language of the Babylonian creation myth, identifying Babylon with the evil demon-goddess Tiamat and himself with Marduk; Ashur replaced Marduk in the New Year Festival; and in the temple of the festival he placed a symbolic pile of rubble from Babylon. In Babylon itself, Sennacherib's policy spawned a deep seated hatred amongst much of the populace.

paragraph: Section::::Accession and military campaigns.:Accession.

paragraph: Sennacherib was probably not the first-born son of Sargon II (his name implies a compensation for dead brothers), but he was groomed for royal succession and entrusted with administrative duties from an early age. Sargon died in battle, and ancient sources give three different years for Sennacherib's first reign-year—705 BCE, 704 BCE, and 703 BCE—suggesting that the succession was not smooth. The transition sparked uprisings in Syria-Palestine, where the Egyptians incited rebellion, and more seriously in Babylonia, where Marduk-apla-iddina II assumed the throne and assembled a large army of rebellious Chaldeans, Aramaeans, Arabs and Elamites.

paragraph: Section::::Accession and military campaigns.:Military campaigns in Mesopotamia, Syria, Israel, and Judah.

paragraph: Sennacherib's first campaign began late in 703 BCE against Marduk-apla-iddina (now Marduk-apla-iddina II), who had once more taken the throne of Babylon. The rebellion was defeated, Marduk-apla-iddina fled to his Elamite protectors, and Babylon was taken and the palace plundered, although the citizens were not harmed. An Assyrian puppet king named Bel-ibni was placed on the throne and for the next two years Babylon was left in peace.

paragraph: In 701 BCE, Sennacherib turned from Babylonia to the western part of the empire, where Hezekiah of Judah, incited by the new Nubian rulers of Egypt and Marduk-apla-iddina, had renounced Assyrian allegiance. The rebellion involved various small Canaanite and Phoenician states in the area: Sidon and Ashkelon were taken by force and a string of other cities and states, including Byblos, Ashdod, Ammon, Moab and Edom then paid tribute without resistance. Ekron called on Egypt for help but the Egyptians were defeated by Assyria. Sennacherib then turned on Jerusalem, Hezekiah's capital. He besieged the city and gave its surrounding towns to Assyrian vassal rulers in Ekron, Gaza and Ashdod. However, Sennacherib did not breach the city, and Hezekiah remained on his throne as a vassal ruler.

paragraph: In 699 BCE, Bel-ibni, who had proved untrustworthy or incompetent as king of Babylon, was replaced by Sennacherib's eldest son, Ashur-nadin-shumi. Marduk-apla-iddina continued his rebellion with the help of Elam, and in 694 BCE Sennacherib took a fleet of Phoenician ships down the Tigris River to destroy the Elamite base on the shore of the Persian Gulf, but while he was doing this the Elamites captured Ashur-nadin-shumi and put Nergal-ushezib, the son of Marduk-apla-iddina, on the throne of Babylon. Nergal-ushezib was captured in 693 BCE and taken to Nineveh, and Sennacherib attacked Elam again. The Elamite king fled to the mountains and Sennacherib plundered his kingdom, but when he withdrew the Elamites returned to Babylon and put another rebel leader, Mushezib-Marduk, on the Babylonian throne. Babylon eventually fell to the Assyrians in 689 BCE after a lengthy siege, and Sennacherib put an end to the "Babylonian problem" by utterly destroying the city and even the mound on which it stood by diverting the water of the surrounding canals over the site.

paragraph: Section::::Accession and military campaigns.:Minor campaigns.

paragraph: Sennacherib conducted minor campaigns on his borders, but without significantly adding to the already vast empire. In 702 BCE and from 699 BCE until 697 BCE, he made several campaigns in the mountains east of Assyria, on one of which he received tribute from the Medes. In 696 BCE and 695 BCE, he sent expeditions into Anatolia, where several vassals had rebelled following the death of Sargon. Around 690 BCE, he campaigned in the northern Arabian deserts, conquering Dumat al-Jandal, where the queen of the Arabs had taken refuge.

paragraph: Section::::Administration and building projects.

paragraph: The Assyrian empire was divided into provinces, each provincial governor being responsible for matters such as the maintenance of roads and public buildings, and for the implementation of administrative policy. One major element of that policy was the massive deportation and redistribution of populations, which aimed to punish, prevent rebellion, and repopulate depopulated areas in order to maintain food production in the empire. As many as 4.5 million people may have been moved between 745 BCE and 612 BCE, and Sennacherib alone could have been responsible for displacing 470,000 people.

paragraph: Sennacherib made Nineveh a truly magnificent city. He laid out new streets and squares and built within it the famous "palace without a rival", the plan of which has been mostly recovered and has overall dimensions of about . It comprised at least 80 rooms, many of which were lined with sculpture. A large number of cuneiform tablets were found in the palace. The solid foundation was made out of limestone blocks and mud bricks; it was tall. In total, the foundation is made of roughly of brick (approximately 160 million bricks). The walls on top, made out of mud brick, were an additional tall. Some of the principal doorways were flanked by colossal stone door figures weighing up to 30,000 kilograms (30 t); they included many winged lions or bulls with a man's head. These were transported from quarries at Balatai and they had to be lifted up once they arrived at the site, presumably by a ramp. There are also of stone panels carved in bas-relief, that include pictorial records documenting every construction step including carving the statues and transporting them on a barge. One picture shows 44 men towing a colossal statue. The carving shows three men directing the operation while standing on the Colossus. Once the statues arrived at their destination, the final carving was done. Most of the statues weigh between .[9][10]

paragraph: The stone carvings in the walls include many battle scenes, impalings and scenes showing Sennacherib's men parading the spoils of war before him. He also bragged about his conquests: he wrote of Babylon: "Its inhabitants, young and old, I did not spare, and with their corpses I filled the streets of the city." He later wrote about a battle in Lachish: "And Hezekiah of Judah who had not submitted to my yoke...him I shut up in Jerusalem his royal city like a caged bird. Earthworks I threw up against him, and anyone coming out of his city gate I made pay for his crime. His cities which I had plundered I had cut off from his land." [11]

paragraph: At this time, the total area of Nineveh comprised about , and fifteen great gates penetrated its walls. An elaborate system of eighteen canals brought water from the hills to Nineveh, and several sections of a magnificently constructed aqueduct erected by Sennacherib were discovered at Jerwan, about distant. [12] The enclosed area had more than 100,000 inhabitants (maybe closer to 150,000), about twice as many as Babylon at the time, placing it among the largest settlements worldwide.

paragraph: It is possible that the garden which Sennacherib built next to his palace, with its associated irrigation works, was the original Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Sennacherib was assassinated in obscure circumstances in 681 BCE. An inscription by Sennacherib's successor, Esarhaddon, describes how Esarhaddon heard that his brothers were fighting in the streets of Nineveh, hurried back from the Western provinces with an army, defeated them all, and took the throne. The inscription does not mention that the brothers were fighting because one of them had just murdered Sennacherib, but this is indicated in the Babylonian chronicles, the Bible (2 Kings, , 2 Chronicles, , Book of Isaiah, , Book of Tobit 1:21), and in later Assyrian records. Esarhaddon's silence on the subject of the name of his father's murderer may have been to avoid perpetuating any perceptions of instability. To one Babylonian historian, it was divine punishment for what the king had done to Babylon.

paragraph: Professor Simo Parpola, basing his findings on a fragmented letter surviving from that period, holds that Arda-Mulišši, known as Adrammelech in the Bible (; ), was the son who killed the King, and that a series of events beginning in 694 BCE set the stage for the assassination. In 694 BC, Sennacherib's oldest son and heir-designate Assur-nãdin-sumi was captured by Elamites and Babylonians and was removed to Elam, whereafter he disappears from the historical record. Arda-Mulišši, the next eldest son, was expected to be the next heir-designate. However, Naqi'a Zakitu, the king's second wife, (entirely unrelated to Arda-Mulišši) used her influence to have the King proclaim her own son Esarhaddon the heir-designate. Sennacherib made all of Assyria and its subject peoples swear allegiance to the new crown prince.

paragraph: Despite this, Arda-Mulišši continued to be a popular figure among the powerful at court. Over the following years, dislike of Esarhaddon grew in court, and simultaneously the popularity of Arda-Mulišši and his other brothers expanded. Worried over this turn of events, Sennacherib sent Crown Prince Esarhaddon to the safety of the western provinces. Arda-Mulišši, feeling that a decisive act would grant him the kingship, made "a treaty of rebellion" with co-conspirators and moved to kill his father. Sennacherib was then murdered, either by being stabbed directly by his son, or by being crushed as he prayed to Nisroch underneath a statue of a winged bull colossus that guarded the temple.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahikar, Sennacherib's chancellor

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rabshakeh, Sennacherib's cupbearer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Assyrian siege of Jerusalem

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Destruction of Sennacherib"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Daniel David Luckenbill, The Annals of Sennacherib, Oriental Institute Publications 2, University of Chicago Press, 1924

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rare Stela of Sennacherib.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prism of Sennacherib

paragraph: BULLET::::- The murderer of Sennacherib – by Simo Parpola

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sennacherib's Invasion of Judah – by Craig C. Broyles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interactive Map of Sennacherib's Invasion of Judah, including the accounts of Sennacherib, Herodotus, 2 Kings, Isaiah and Micah

paragraph: BULLET::::- States that the prism is preserved in the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A site on the study of King Sennacherib by Jack Taylor, II

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Campaign of Sennacherib Translated Cylinder 113203. British Museum

alias:
Rey del Asiria Senaquerib
King of Assyria Sennacherib
roi d'Assyrie Sennachérib
Sennachérib
Sin-akhkheeriba
King Sennacherib of Assyria
re di Assiria Sennacherib
King of Assyria Sanherib

description: King of Assyria

enwikiquote_title: Sennacherib

wikidata_label: Sennacherib

wikipedia_title: Sennacherib


text: Brazilian

text: Roman Catholic

text: prelate

text: Salesians of Don Bosco

text: seminaries

text: evangelizer

text: music

text: hagiographical

text: theological

text: Servant of God

text: Minas Gerais province

text: coconut palms

text: Salesian

text: novitiate

text: ordination

text: novice master

text: Jaboatão dos Guararapes

text: Lavrinhas

text: Pope Pius XI

text: Bishop of Uberaba

text: apostolic nuncio

text: Enrico Gasparri

text: episcopal consecration

text: Madonna

text: Nossa Senhora de Lourdes

text: Uberaba

text: circular letter

text: Sacred Heart

text: Blessed Sacrament

text: Eucharist

text: Saint Thérèse of Lisieux

text: Corumbá diocese

text: Corumbá

text: Archbishop of Belém do Pará

text: Belém do Pará

text: Archbishop of Fortaleza

text: Fortaleza

text: health care

text: soup kitchen

text: music

text: children's literature

text: catechism

text: Antônio de Macedo Costa

text: Aloísio Lorscheider

text: Eastern Rite

text: Melkite

text: stained glass window

text: Rome

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Carpina

text: Pernambuco

text: Pope John XXIII

text: Ceará

text: femur

text: wheelchair

text: will

text: Congregation for the Causes of Saints

text: nihil obstat

text: Servant of God

text: Positio

text: postulator

text: Hagiography Circle

text: Catholic Hierarchy

categories: 19th-century Roman Catholics,20th-century Brazilian people,Brazilian Roman Catholic archbishops,1974 deaths,Salesians of Don Bosco,1886 births,19th-century venerated Christians,20th-century venerated Christians,Bishops appointed by Pope Pius XI,Roman Catholic titular archbishops,Brazilian male writers,20th-century Roman Catholic theologians,Anti-poverty advocates,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,20th-century male writers,19th-century Brazilian people

paragraph: Antônio de Almeida Lustosa

paragraph: Antônio de Almeida Lustosa (11 February 1886 - 14 August 1974) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate and professed member from the Salesians of Don Bosco. Lustosa served in two dioceses and two archdioceses in his career where he was reputed for his holiness and his learning. He introduced a range of innovations from media to new parishes and seminaries in order to restore his dioceses and archdioceses. He was a constant evangelizer and was also an author who wrote children's literature and music in addition to hagiographical and theological works. Lustosa was still a reluctant bishop but accepted each new position in obedience. But his health forced him to retire in 1963 and he still remained a noted pastor following his resignation.

paragraph: His reputation for holiness had been noted in his life while he served in his dioceses and archdioceses and steps were taken in order to initialize a potential beatification process. The cause opened in 1992 and he became titled as a Servant of God.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Antônio de Almeida Lustosa was born in the Minas Gerais province in 1886 as one of ten children to João Baptist Lustosa and Delfina de Almeida. His father planted coconut palms on his farm for each child that God gave him and his wife.

paragraph: In November 1895 the papers reported the death of the Salesian bishop Luigi Lasagna. This was the first time he ever heard of a Salesian but this became imprinted in his mind. From 1902 Lustosa studied at the Salesian-run college of Cachoreira do Campo. In 1904 he had become so fascinated with the Salesian spirit that he asked his parents if he could enter the order. His parents gave him their blessing after his father asked if that was what his son wanted. In 1905 he entered the order to commence his novitiate. He made his profession into the order on 28 January 1906. Following his 1912 ordination he taught philosophical and theological studies for a brief period before serving as a novice master for seminarians. Ladislao Paz said of him: "Antônio Lustosa was a true saint".

paragraph: From 1913 to 1914 he was in Jaboatão dos Guararapes and then as novice master in Lorraine from 1915 to 1916. He also served as novice master in Lavrinhas from 1916 to 1922. From 1923 to 1924 he was stationed in Bagé. In 1916 he was moved to Lavrinhas since the novitiate had been moved there where he still remained the novice master. In 1924 he learnt that Pope Pius XI had appointed him as the Bishop of Uberaba and decided to refuse the nomination. But he accepted after the apostolic nuncio Enrico Gasparri urged him to accept at the beginning of 1925.

paragraph: Lustosa himself set the date for his episcopal consecration in order to remind him of the presence of the Madonna in his life to commemorate the feast of Nossa Senhora de Lourdes whose feast he himself was born on. He was enthroned in Uberaba on 1 March 1925 in the rain following months of drought and heat. His first circular letter in Uberaba consecrated the diocese to the Sacred Heart in addition to making the determination that all parishes must expose the Blessed Sacrament once per week for adoration and to foster deeper devotion to the Eucharist. He later devoted his 21st circular to Saint Thérèse of Lisieux and later presented each parish with a statue of her to be placed somewhere.

paragraph: He was later appointed to the Corumbá diocese and was enthroned in Corumbá on 28 December 1929. He was later appointed as the Archbishop of Belém do Pará and was enthroned in Belém do Pará on 15 December 1931. It was in his archdiocese that he founded the archdiocesan newspaper called "The Word" and it would also feature a particular column dedicated to his pastoral visits.

paragraph: He was later appointed as the Archbishop of Fortaleza and was enthroned in Fortaleza on 5 November 1941. He dedicated himself to health care concerns and to that end established archdiocesan health posts for the poor while in 1948 inaugurating a soup kitchen for the poor.

paragraph: Lustosa authored several books in addition to music he himself wrote and also children's literature as a means of instructing them in the faith and the basic tenets of catechism. He wrote numerous newspaper articles in addition to this. Lustosa also wrote a biographical account of Antônio de Macedo Costa. In 1962 he founded Rádio Assunção which was to serve as a broadcaster for the archdiocese but was later dissolved during the tenure of Aloísio Lorscheider. He also created a total of 34 new parishes in Fortaleza including one Eastern Rite Melkite parish. In Fortaleza he founded the Cardinal Frings Institute in addition to several schools and the Saint Joseph's Hospital. He was also one of the co-founders of the Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil. His love of the arts also prompted him to adorn the Fortaleza Cathedral with an impressive stained glass window. He was in Rome for the initial preparation of the Second Vatican Council and attended the first session from 11 October to 8 December 1962.

paragraph: Lustosa departed from his archdiocese with three priests helping him to leave at 6:00am where he got into a van that was to take him into retirement at a Salesian house in Carpina in Pernambuco where he would spend the remainder of his life. He had resigned his see in a letter to Pope John XXIII because he felt that vigorous work belonged to far more active men than he was and that he felt his work was taking its toll upon his health. In 1963 he was made a citizen of Ceará in honor of all his work. In 1968 he broke his femur and this forced him to remain in a wheelchair for a period of time.

paragraph: He died in 1974 and his remains are interred in the Fortaleza Cathedral. Those that read his will were faced with three words: "I have nothing".

paragraph: Section::::Beatification process.

paragraph: The beatification process opened on 10 August 1992 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the "nihil obstat" (nothing against) edict and titled Lustosa as a Servant of God. The diocesan process was then overseen in Fortaleza from 14 August 1993 until 14 August 2001; the C.C.S. validated this process on 2 May 2003 before receiving the Positio dossier from the postulation in 2008 for assessment.

paragraph: The current postulator for this cause is the Salesian priest Pierluigi Cameroni.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hagiography Circle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy

description: Brazilian priest

wikidata_label: Antônio de Almeida Lustosa

wikipedia_title: Antônio de Almeida Lustosa


text: Prague

text: Emmy Destinn

text: La Belle Paree

text: Ein Walzertraum

text: Irving Place Theatre

text: Les Sylphides

text: Adeline Genée

text: Halina Schmolz

text: J. C. Williamson

text: Gipsy Love

text: Princess Caprice

text: The Count of Luxembourg

text: hula

text: Metropolitan Opera House

text: Vlasta Novotna's listing on IBDB.

text: Vlasta Novotna's listing on AusStage.

paragraph: Vlasta Novotna

paragraph: Vlasta Novotna (born 1890s) was a Czech dancer billed as a member of the Imperial Russian Ballet, but more often seen in variety and comic opera programs.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Vlasta Novotna was born in Prague. She was often described as a protegée of Emmy Destinn.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Novotna danced in "La Belle Paree" on Broadway in 1911, and in "Ein Walzertraum" at the Irving Place Theatre; the following year, she was in the revue "From Broadway to Paris". In 1913, she toured Australia and New Zealand billed as a member of the Imperial Russian Ballet, one of "Les Sylphides" with Adeline Genée and Halina Schmolz. In 1914 and 1915, she returned to Australia, where she danced with the J. C. Williamson Comic Opera Company in "Gipsy Love", "Princess Caprice", "The Count of Luxembourg" and "High Jinks". She also performed at a benefit for the Thespians War Fund. She told an Australian newspaper that "I love my work. The dance to me is the very air I breathe."

paragraph: Later in 1915, she presented a dance show in New York, based on her idea of Australian and Polynesian native dances. The show was considered remarkable for her exotic and minimal costumes. A Honolulu newspaper was not impressed with her interpretation of the hula, noting "The society dancer terms her creation Hawaiian, but people in the islands will recognize little in it save perhaps the costume, which would appear to be that of the hula, with some picturesque additions".

paragraph: In 1916 she danced at a New York benefit for the Montenegrin Relief Association of America. She also developed a seven-part program called "The Dance of the War Bride", and danced at the Metropolitan Opera House.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vlasta Novotna's listing on IBDB.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vlasta Novotna's listing on AusStage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A 1913 photograph of Vlasta Novotna in "gypsy costume", from the State Library of New South Wales.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Another 1913 photograph of Vlasta Novotna, in a long tutu, from the State Library of New South Wales.

description: Czech dancer

wikidata_label: Vlasta Novotna

wikipedia_title: Vlasta Novotna


text: The Bronx

text: luthier

text: archtop jazz guitars

text: Bucky Pizzarelli

text: Chuck Wayne

text: Joe Diorio

text: Cal Collins

text: Johnny Smith

text: Jack Wilkins

text: Ron Eschete

text: Martin Taylor

text: Howard Alden

text: John Pizzarelli

text: Andy Summers

text: Jimmy Bruno

text: Kenny Burrell

text: Pat Martino

text: Stephane Grappelli

text: Fender Musical Instruments

text: Guild

text: Howard Paul

text: Savannah, Georgia

text: Chronicle Books

text: Mel Bay

text: Benedetto Guitars, Inc.

text: Benedetto Amps, Inc.

text: Benedetto Guitars Archives website

text: Benedetto: Body & Soul trailer

text: Robert Benedetto Interview

categories: Guitar makers,1946 births,Living people,Luthiers

paragraph: Robert Benedetto

paragraph: Robert Benedetto (born October 22, 1946 in The Bronx, New York) is an American luthier of archtop jazz guitars. In 1968, he made his first archtop guitar in New Jersey and has handcrafted nearly 850 musical instruments. His guitars appear on many recordings, videos, and TV and film soundtracks, and have been featured in books, magazines and museums (including the permanent collection of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History and the National Guitar Museum).

paragraph: By the 1970s (he relocated to Florida in 1976), his reputation grew as he crafted archtop guitars for professional jazz players Bucky Pizzarelli, Chuck Wayne, Joe Diorio and Cal Collins, and in the 80s and 90s for Johnny Smith, Jack Wilkins, Ron Eschete, Martin Taylor, Howard Alden, John Pizzarelli, Andy Summers, Jimmy Bruno, Kenny Burrell and Pat Martino, among others, collectively known as “The Benedetto Players”. More recent jazz guitarists who play Benedetto guitars include Dan Faehnle, Joe Negri, Chico Pinheiro and Andreas Varady.

paragraph: Benedetto married Cindy Whyte in 1975 who has photographed and extensively documented Robert’s guitars and their players. In 1983, Benedetto began making violins for both orchestra and jazz artists. His most notable endorser was Stephane Grappelli.

paragraph: In 1990 Benedetto relocated to East Stroudsburg, PA. Shortly thereafter, in 1992, he offered an archtop guitar making course at his shop. In 1994 he published his book "Making An Archtop Guitar", followed in 1996 with his instructional DVD "Archtop Guitar Design & Construction". That same year Cindy organized the first of the ongoing Benedetto Players in Concert series.

paragraph: Also in 1996, Benedetto made “La Cremona Azzurra” a blue archtop guitar commissioned by guitar collector Scott Chinery and exhibited at the Smithsonian Institution. Benedetto’s Blue Guitar was featured on the Smithsonian’s commemorative Blue Guitar poster.

paragraph: In 2000, he published full-scale blueprints of a 17" Benedetto archtop guitar, followed in 2004 by the Mel Bay production of "Benedetto: Body and Soul" DVD, a biography by William Doyle.

paragraph: From 1999 to 2006, Benedetto had a licensing agreement with Fender Musical Instruments to produce his models in their Custom Shop. He also redesigned the Guild Artist Award (later the Johnny Smith Award) and the Guild Stuart X-700.

paragraph: In 2006, Benedetto ended his seven year licensing agreement with Fender and partnered with businessman/guitarist Howard Paul to open a small manufacturing facility in Savannah, Georgia where the Benedetto staff currently makes a full line of archtop guitars.

paragraph: In 2014, Benedetto partnered with Bill Neale to make Benedetto Amps, a line of American-made jazz amps.

paragraph: In 2018, a Benedetto 50th Anniversary concert was presented by the Savannah Music Festival featuring Howard Alden, Chico Pinheiro, Romero Lubambo, “King” Solomon Hicks and Pat Martino. The Second Edition of his book "Making an Archtop Guitar" was published in 2018 (Centerstream Publishing/Hal Leonard ).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hand Made, Hand Played: The Art & Craft of Contemporary Guitars" by Robert Shaw (2008), Lark Press,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Acoustic Guitar" by Nick Freeth & Charles Alexander (1999), Courage Books,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blue Guitar", by Ken Vose, Chronicle Books, 1998,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chinery Collection: 150 Years of American Guitars" (Collectors), Outline Press Ltd., 1999,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Making an Archtop Guitar" by Robert Benedetto (Centerstream Publications) 1994,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Benedetto: Body & Soul DVD" by William J. Doyle, Mel Bay 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gibson ES175: Its History and Players" by Adrian Ingram (1994), Centerstream Publications,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Acoustic Guitars and Other Fretted Instruments" by George Gruhn & Walter Carter (1993), Backbeat Books,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Jazz Guitar" by Maurice Summerfield (Third Edition 1993), Ashley Mark Publication Company,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gruhn’s Guide to Vintage Guitars" by George Gruhn & Walter Carter (1991), Backbeat Publications,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gibson Super 400: Art of the Fine Guitar" by Thomas A. Van Hoose (1991), Backbeat Publications,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Violin Makers of the United States" by Thomas James Wenberg (1986), Pizzicato Pub Co,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Making an Archtop Guitar Second Edition by Robert Benedetto (Centerstream Publications/ Hal Leonard) 2018,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benedetto Guitars, Inc. website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benedetto Amps, Inc. website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benedetto Guitars Archives website website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benedetto 50th Anniversary youtube video

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benedetto: Body & Soul trailer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Benedetto Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2004)

description: American luthier

wikidata_label: Robert Benedetto

wikipedia_title: Robert Benedetto


text: cellist

text: Bergen, Norway

text: violin

text: Frans Helmerson

text: Edsberg Music Institute

text: Mstislav Rostropovich

text: Natalia Shakhovskaya

text: Tchaikovsky Competition

text: Moscow

text: Arto Noras

text: Naumburg Competition

text: New York City

text: Florence

text: United States

text: Oslo Philharmonic

text: Carnegie Hall

text: Kennedy Center

text: chamber music

text: Stavanger

text: central nervous system

text: tick

text: encephalitis

text: paralysis

text: Norwegian Academy of Music

text: Domenico Montagnana

text: Venice

text: Stradivarius

text: SR-Bank

text: Spellemannprisen

text: Håkon Austbø

text: Det Norske Kammerorkester

text: Iona Brown

text: Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Mariss Jansons

text: London Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Mariss Jansons

text: Simax Classics

text: The Norwegian Chamber Orchestra

text: Iona Brown

text: Virgin Classics

text: Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Mariss Jansons

text: Jean-Yves Thibaudet

text: The London Philharmonic Orchestra

text: Mariss Jansons

text: Jean-Yves Thibaudet

text: City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra

text: Sir Simon Rattle

text: BIS Records

text: Stavanger Symphony Orchestra

text: Ole Kristian Ruud

text: Virgin Classics

text: Minnesota Orchestra

text: Eiji Oue

text: Renaud Capuçon

text: Myung-Whun Chung

text: Estonian National Symphony Orchestra

text: Paavo Järvi

text: Deutsche Grammophon

text: Hélène Grimaud

text: Anne Sofie Von Otter

text: Staatskapelle Dresden

text: Esa-Pekka Salonen

text: Frank Peter Zimmermann

text: Christophe Desjardins

text: Ensemble Intercontemporain

text: NDR Sinfonieorchester

text: Matthias Pintscher

text: Vadim Repin

text: Gewandhausorchester

text: Riccardo Chailly

text: Ondine Records

text: Scottish Chamber Orchestra

text: John Storgårds

text: Colin Currie

text: Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra

text: John Storgårds

text: Statoil

text: Leif Ove Andsnes

text: Ole Edvard Antonsen

text: Marianne Thorsen

text: EMI Classics

text: Virgin Classics

text: Virgin Classics

text: EMI Classics

text: Warner Classics

text: Norwegian Academy of Music

text: ICS Exclusive Interview

categories: Norwegian classical cellists,1961 births,Simax Classics artists,Virgin Classics artists,Grammy Award winners,Norwegian Academy of Music faculty,Musicians from Bergen,Deutsche Grammophon artists,Living people,Spellemannprisen winners

paragraph: Truls Mørk

paragraph: Truls Olaf Otterbech Mørk (born 25 April 1961) is a Norwegian cellist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mørk was born in Bergen, Norway to a cellist father and a pianist mother. His mother began teaching him the piano when he was seven. Mørk also played the violin, but soon switched to the cello, taking lessons from his father.

paragraph: Mørk began his studies with Frans Helmerson at 17 at Edsberg Music Institute. An admirer of Mstislav Rostropovich and the Russian school of cello, Mørk went on to study with the Russian cellist Natalia Shakhovskaya.

paragraph: In 1982, Mørk became the first Scandinavian musician to reach the finals of the Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow since Arto Noras in 1966, and won the sixth prize. He subsequently went on to win second prize at the 1986 Naumburg Competition in New York City and, in 1986, the Cassado Cello Competition in Florence. In 1989, he embarked on his first major concert tour, soloing with many of the finest orchestras of Europe. In 1994, he toured the United States with the Oslo Philharmonic, including debuts at Carnegie Hall and the Kennedy Center.

paragraph: Mørk's discography includes an award-winning recordings of the Shostakovich Cello Concertos and of Bach's Suites for Solo Cello. He has recorded for such labels as Virgin Classics and harmonia mundi. Mørk's interest in chamber music led to the foundation of the International Chamber Music Festival of Stavanger.

paragraph: In April 2009, Mørk experienced an infection of the central nervous system, presumably caused by a tick bite he received in the United States in 2006, with subsequent encephalitis, and paralysis in the shoulder muscles of the left arm. In the autumn of 2009, he expressed concern that he might never be able to perform again. After 18 months away from concert activity, during which time he was awarded the 2010 Sibelius Prize, Mørk resumed his career.

paragraph: Mørk holds a Professorship at the Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo. He performs on a rare "Domenico Montagnana" cello (Venice, 1723), whose scroll was made by Stradivarius. Norway's SR-Bank purchased the cello, which is on loan to him.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: Spellemannprisen in the category Chamber music, together with Håkon Austbø for the album "Verker av Franck, Chausson, Debussy, Poulenc"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: Spellemannprisen in the category Orchestral music for the album "Joseph Haydn: Cello conserts", with Det Norske Kammerorkester cond Iona Brown

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: Spellemannprisen in the category Orchestral music for the album "Dvorák; Cello-konsert/Tsjaikovskij: Rokokko-variasjoner", with Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra cond. Mariss Jansons

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: Spellemannprisen in the category Orchestral music for the album "Sjostakovitsj: Cello Concerts", with London Philharmonic Orchestra cond. Mariss Jansons

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: Spellemannprisen in the category Classical music, for the album "Elgar: Cello Concert and Britten: Cello Symphony"

paragraph: Section::::Discography (in selection).

paragraph: Section::::Discography (in selection).:Soloist.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987: "Truls Otterbech Mørk, Arne Nordheim, George Crumb, Ingvar Lidholm, Zoltan Kodaly" (Simax Classics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: "Joseph Haydn:Cello Concertos" (Simax Classics), with The Norwegian Chamber Orchestra cond. Iona Brown

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Dvořák: Cello Concerto" (Virgin Classics), with Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra cond. Mariss Jansons

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "Grieg Cello Sonata / Sibelius Malingonia" (Virgin Classics), with Jean-Yves Thibaudet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Dmitri Shostakovich:Cello Concertos 1 & 2" (Virgin Classics), with The London Philharmonic Orchestra cond. Mariss Jansons

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Rachmaninov, Miaskovsky: Cello Sonatas" (Virgin Classics), with Jean-Yves Thibaudet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Elgar, Britten: Cello Concerto / Cello Symphony" (Virgin Classics), with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra cond. Sir Simon Rattle

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Benjamin Britten: Cellos Suites 1-3" (Virgin Classics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Harald Sæverud: Cello Concerto • Symphony No. 8, "Minnesota"" (BIS Records), with Stavanger Symphony Orchestra cond. Ole Kristian Ruud

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Aaron Jay Kernis: Colored Field / Musica Celestis / Air" (Virgin Classics), with Minnesota Orchestra cond. Eiji Oue

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Grieg: Cello Sonata / String Quartet" (Edvard Grieg Museum, Virgin Classics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Henri Dutilleux: Tout Un Monde Lointain... / L'Arbre Des Songes / 3 Strophes Sur Le Nom De Sacher" (Virgin Classics), with Renaud Capuçon and the Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France cond. Myung-Whun Chung

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Arvo Pärt: Pro & Contra" (Virgin Classics), with the Estonian National Symphony Orchestra cond. Paavo Järvi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Johann Sebastian Bach: Cello Suites" (Virgin Classics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Reflection" (Deutsche Grammophon), with Hélène Grimaud, Anne Sofie Von Otter and Staatskapelle Dresden cond. Esa-Pekka Salonen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Matthias Pintscher: En Sourdine" (Kairos Records), with Frank Peter Zimmermann, Christophe Desjardins, Ensemble Intercontemporain, NDR Sinfonieorchester, Matthias Pintscher

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Vadim Repin, Brahms: Violin Concerto - Double Concerto" (Deutsche Grammophon), with Vadim Repin and the Gewandhausorchester cond. Riccardo Chailly

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Haflidi Hallgrímsson: Cello Concerto / Herma" (Ondine Records), with the Scottish Chamber Orchestra cond. John Storgårds

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Einojuhani Rautavaara: Modificata / Incantations (Percussion Concerto) / Towards The Horizon (Cello Concerto No. 2)" (Ondine Classics), with Colin Currie, Truls Mørk and the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra cond. John Storgårds

paragraph: Section::::Discography (in selection).:Compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Movements" (Statoil), with Leif Ove Andsnes, Ole Edvard Antonsen, Marianne Thorsen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Andsnes, Antonsen, Mørk" (EMI Classics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Cello Concertos" (Virgin Classics), 5xCD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Haydn: Violin Concertos • Cello Concertos" (Virgin Classics), 2xCD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Chostakovitch: Cello Concertos" (EMI Classics), 5xCD

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: " Truls Mørk - Greatest Cello Concertos" (Erato\Warner Classics), 9XCD

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- at the Norwegian Academy of Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- ICS Exclusive Interview

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tim Janof, Interview with Truls Mørk, 13 April 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- HarrisonParrott agency page on Truls Mørk

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Flying Inkpot blog, review by Johann D'Souza / interview by Benjamin Chee, 25 November 2000

description: Norwegian cellist.

wikidata_label: Truls Mørk

wikipedia_title: Truls Mørk


text:
Solovetsky Monastery
monk
Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery
solitude
large deserted island
White Sea
Valaam Monastery
Lake Ladoga
chapel
Vyg River
German
cross
hermit
monastery
venered
saint
Russian Orthodox Church

categories: Russian Orthodox monks,1435 deaths,Russian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church,White Sea,15th-century Christian saints

paragraph: Sabbatius of Solovki

paragraph: Sabbatius of Solovki ( - Savvaty Solovetsky; died September 27, 1435) was one of the founders of the Solovetsky Monastery.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Savvaty (Sabbatius) was a monk at Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. Searching for an even more secluded place for complete solitude and silent prayer, he found out that there was a large deserted island in the White Sea.

paragraph: He heard of Valaam Monastery on the Lake Ladoga and its monks, who had been leading an austere lifestyle. In 1429 Savvaty moved to this island. Savvaty settled near a chapel on the Vyg River. There, he met a monk by the name of German (Herman), who had lived in the woods in solitude. German agreed to accompany Savvaty on his voyage to the island and stay there with him. When they reached the island, they erected a cross and a hermit's cell some 13 km from today's Solovetsky Monastery. After Savvaty's death, newly arrived monks began the construction of the monastery which would come to be known as Solovetsky. Since 1547, Savvaty is venered as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church.

description: Russian Orthodox saint

wikidata_label: Savvaty of Solovki

wikipedia_title: Sabbatius of Solovki


text:
bishop of Chichester
Investiture Crisis
Henry I of England
Thomas
Archbishop of York
William II of England
Orderic Vitalis
Norman Cantor
Anselm of Canterbury
William Giffard
Bishop of Winchester
Battle Abbey
Hilary of Chichester
William of Malmesbury
Chichester Cathedral
R. D. H. Gem
Stigand
Selsey
Lady chapel
George Zarnecki
rood screen
Jesus
Mary
Martha
Bethany
Lazarus
Hildesheim
Cologne

categories: Bishops of Chichester,12th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Year of birth unknown,11th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1123 deaths

paragraph: Ralph de Luffa

paragraph: Ralph de Luffa (or Ralph Luffa (died 1123) was an English bishop of Chichester, from 1091 to 1123. He built extensively on his cathedral as well as being praised by contemporary writers as an exemplary bishop. He took little part in the Investiture Crisis which took place in England during his episcopate. Although at one point he refused to allow his diocese to be taxed by King Henry I of England, Luffa remained on good terms with the two kings of England he served.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop.

paragraph: Luffa was consecrated on 6 January 1091 by Thomas, the Archbishop of York. He was consecrated at York as the See of Canterbury was vacant at the time. Luffa had previously been a chaplain for King William II of England, nicknamed "Rufus", and was also the king's friend. This information comes from the medieval writer Orderic Vitalis, but there is no other confirmation that he was a royal servant. He also served Rufus as a judge, and the historian Norman Cantor calls him a justiciar for Rufus, but the historian Francis West, who studied the justiciar's office, notes that his one of appearance as a royal judge concerns his diocese, and that Luffa probably was mentioned only because he was expected to enforce the decision.

paragraph: During the crisis between the king and Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury in 1095 and 1096, Luffa managed to support Anselm while retaining the king's respect. Under King Henry I, William's younger brother and successor, Luffa took little part in the Investiture Crisis in England. In 1106, Luffa did sign a letter to Anselm written by William Giffard Bishop of Winchester-elect that begged the archbishop to return to England from his exile.

paragraph: Luffa gained King Henry's respect because Luffa was the lone bishop to resist Henry's financial extortion from the clergy. As part of this dispute, Luffa ordered that all church services be discontinued and the church doors in his diocese be blocked with thorns. It was during Luffa's tenure of the see that the first disputes between the bishop and Battle Abbey started, although they were not large. During Luffa's episcopate, he and the abbey disputed over the right of the bishop to be entertained by the abbey and the requirement that the abbot attend the diocesan councils. The dispute only reached its climax during the episcopate of Hilary of Chichester, who was Bishop of Chichester from 1147 to 1169. Luffa also supported Anselm's attempts to assert Canterbury's primacy over the Archbishop of York in 1108 and 1109.

paragraph: William of Malmesbury had high praise for Luffa's actions as bishop, where he is said to have toured his diocese three times a year on preaching tours. He also allowed only freely given gifts from his flock, avoiding all appearance of extorting donations. He was also praised by contemporaries for his diligence is seeking worthy candidates for the priesthood. William of Malmesbury also praised Luffa's piety.

paragraph: Section::::Cathedral builder.

paragraph: Traditionally Luffa is held to have begun the building of Chichester Cathedral, the eastern section of which was dedicated in 1108. However, this view has been challenged by the art historian R. D. H. Gem, who argues that because of the conservative nature of the architecture it was more probably begun under Luffa's predecessor, Stigand, who was bishop from 1070 to 1087, and who oversaw the transfer of the seat of the bishopric from Selsey to Chichester. Most historians still incline to the belief that Luffa began the cathedral construction, however.

paragraph: After his cathedral church was burned down in 1114, Luffa managed to secure King Henry I's financial help in rebuilding the church. Besides the rebuilding, Luffa built a Lady chapel, which still remains. Other work still extant in the cathedral are the arcades, the exteriors of the clerestory and those galleries that are unvaulted. The art historian George Zarnecki has argued that the rood screen in the cathedral also dates from Luffa's episcopate. Two panels from this work still survive, and depict the meeting of Jesus with Mary and Martha at Bethany as well as the miracle where Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. The scenes show some resemblance to works in Hildesheim and Cologne, and this resemblance may mean that Luffa was from Germany, or hired sculptors from there.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: On Luffa's deathbed, he gave away all his belongings, including his sheets and underclothes. He died on 14 December 1123. Contemporary records report that he had a great awareness of his responsibilities as a bishop. Six documents of Luffa's survive, besides his profession of obedience.

description: Bishop of Chichester

wikidata_label: Ralph de Luffa

wikipedia_title: Ralph de Luffa


text:
County Roscommon
Irish nobleman
Member of Parliament
British House of Commons
Roscommon
Junior Lord of the Treasury
Lord John Russell
Towerhill
County Mayo
Charles Owen O'Conor
Denis Maurice O'Conor

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,O'Conor dynasty,UK MPs 1835–1837,1847 deaths,Politicians from County Roscommon,Irish Repeal Association MPs,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Roscommon constituencies (1801–1922),UK MPs 1837–1841,UK MPs 1841–1847,1794 births,UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: Denis O'Conor

paragraph: Denis O'Conor, O'Conor Don (; 1794 – 1847) of Clonalis, County Roscommon, was an Irish nobleman, and Member of Parliament (MP) in the British House of Commons.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: O'Conor was MP for Roscommon from 1831 to 1847. He became a Junior Lord of the Treasury in Lord John Russell's government but died the next year.

paragraph: He married, in 1824, Mary Anne, daughter of Major Blake, of Towerhill, County Mayo, and was the father of Charles Owen O'Conor and Denis Maurice O'Conor.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Denis O'Conor

wikipedia_title: Denis O'Conor


text: artistic director

text: Australian Dance Theatre

text: Meryl Tankard

text: Australian Ballet School

text: Queensland Ballet

text: Expressions Dance Company

text: Sydney Theatre Company

text: dance company

text: Chunky Move

text: Sydney Dance Company

text: Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras

text: Sydney Opera House

text: Lois Greenfield

text: Helpmann Award

text: David Hicks

text: Rambert Dance Company

text: Birmingham Royal Ballet

text: 2005 Adelaide Film Festival

text: UNICEF

text: Alice Springs

text: Indigenous Australian

text: HIV/AIDS

text: Laos

categories: Australian choreographers,Helpmann Award winners,Australian male ballet dancers,1962 births,Australian Ballet School alumni,Living people

paragraph: Garry Stewart

paragraph: Garry Stewart (born 1962) has been the artistic director of the Australian Dance Theatre since 1999, following Meryl Tankard.

paragraph: Stewart studied at the Sydney City Ballet Academy (1983) and the Australian Ballet School (1984–1985). He has danced with the Australian Dance Theatre, the Queensland Ballet, Expressions Dance Company and The One Extra Dance Company (Onex) and has performed with the Sydney Theatre Company. He is the artistic director of the Australian Dance Theatre (ADT), and has choreographed 12 performances since his joining in 1999. Meryl Tankard was the artistic director prior to him, Garry has choreographed more performances than any other artistic director in the history of the ADT.

paragraph: Stewart began his dance training in 1983 at the before studying at the between. As a performer he appeared with a number of companies including. He also worked on many independent projects. In 1989 he performed the role of Luke in production of Harold in Italy. He founded the dance company Thwack in 1997.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Choreography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Ballet School – "Untitled" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Dance Theatre – "Zen Do Some Nothing" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sydney based freelance choreographer (1990 – 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chunky Move for its inaugural season – "Spectre in the Covert Memory" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sydney Dance Company – "THWACK!" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- various works for the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thwack

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plastic Space" Melbourne Festival (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birdbrain" (a deconstruction of Swan Lake)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Dance Theatre

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Housedance" performed on the outside of the main sail of the Sydney Opera House on New Year's Eve 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birdbrain"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Age of Unbeauty" – outstanding choreographic achievement for at the 2002 Australian Dance Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nothing"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "HELD" (a collaboration with U.S. dance photographer Lois Greenfield) 2004 Adelaide Bank Festival – 2004 Helpmann Award for Best Choreography in a Ballet or Dance Work

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Devolution" (2006) – 2006 Helpmann Awards Best New Australian Work and Best Lighting

paragraph: BULLET::::- "G" (Giselle) 2008 Adelaide Bank Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Be your Self" 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Worldhood" 2011 with the Adelaide college of Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Proximity" premiere on 25 feb 2012 for Adelaide Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- "So You Think You Can Dance" 2008 Channel 10 reality television show

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vocabulary" with Kat Worth from Restless Dance Company (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Honour Bound" based on the experiences of Terry and David Hicks – Best New Australian Work and Best Mainstream Production at the Sydney Theatre Awards. Directed by Nigel Jamieson, Commissioned by and performed at the Sydney Opera House (August 2006) and Malthouse Theatre (Melbourne - September 2006). Toured to The Vienna Festival (May 2007), Holland Festival (Amsterdam - June 2007), Barbican Theatre (London - November 2007) and The New Zealand International Arts Festival (Wellington - March 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rambert Dance Company – "Infinity" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birmingham Royal Ballet – "The Centre and its Opposite" (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nascent", a film created by Gina Czarnecki and choreographed by Garry Stewart – 2005 Adelaide Film Festival – Australian Dance Award for Dance Film and IMZ Dance Screen Delegates' Award

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Benevolence.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In April 2006, Stewart co-produced and directed the dance gala UNIFIED for UNICEF Australia to benefit the Gap Youth Centre in Alice Springs for Indigenous Australian young people and an HIV/AIDS program for children in Laos.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garry Stewart article at Australia Dancing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garry Stewart, Artistic Director / Choreographer at the Australian Dance Theatre site

description: Australian ballet dancer

wikidata_label: Garry Stewart

wikipedia_title: Garry Stewart


text:
fl.
Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
consul
Battle of Magnesia
Gaius Norbanus
senate
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
Social War
Aesernia
Vettius Scato
Gaius Marius
Sulla's first civil war
Sulla's second civil war
consul
Gaius Norbanus
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Italian Peninsula
Massilia
Publius Sestius
Cicero

categories: Cornelii,Roman Republican consuls,Cornelii Scipiones,1st-century BC Romans,2nd-century BC Romans,2nd-century BC births,Ancient Roman generals

paragraph: Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus (consul 83 BC)

paragraph: Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus (fl. 82 BC; also called Scipio Asiagenes) was a great-grandson of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, consul in 190 BC, who was victor of the Battle of Magnesia (189 BC).

paragraph: Scipio Asiaticus, also known as Scipio Asiagenes, was co-consul with Gaius Norbanus in 83 BC.

paragraph: This Scipio is first mentioned in 100 BC, when he took up arms with the other members of the senate against Lucius Appuleius Saturninus (Cicero "pro Rabir. Perd." 7). In the Social War he was stationed with Lucius Acilius in the town of Aesernia, escaping in the dress of slaves during the approach of Vettius Scato. He belonged to the party of Gaius Marius in Sulla's first civil war and Sulla's second civil war. In 83 BC he was appointed consul with Gaius Norbanus. In this year Lucius Cornelius Sulla returned to the Italian Peninsula, and advanced against the consuls. He defeated Norbanus in Italy, but seduced the troops of Scipio to desert their general.

paragraph: He was taken prisoner in his camp along with his son Lucius, but was dismissed by Sulla uninjured. He was, however, included in the proscription in the following year, 82 BC, whereupon he fled to Massilia, where he passed the remainder of his life. His daughter was married to Publius Sestius. Cicero speaks favourably of the oratorical powers of Scipio Asiaticus.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus


text:
Funchal
Saint-Sylvain-d'Anjou
Wilbur Wright
Le Mans
Eiffel Tower
Hubert Latham
Louis Blériot
Daily Mail
English Channel
Wright "Flyers
Wissant
Léon Lemartin
Website on the life of Count de Lambert

paragraph: Charles de Lambert (aviator)

paragraph: Charles, Count de Lambert (30 December 1865, in Funchal – 26 February 1944, in Saint-Sylvain-d'Anjou) was an early European aviator.

paragraph: De Lambert was the first person in France to be taught to fly by Wilbur Wright. The first lesson took place at Le Mans on 28 October 1908. On 18 October 1909 de Lambert "left the Juvisy Aerodrome at 4:36 o'clock in a Wright machine, flew across Paris to the Eiffel Tower, circled it, and returned to his starting point, arriving safely at 5:25." De Lambert claimed that he flew 300 feet above the 1,000 foot Eiffel Tower, which was nearly equal to Orville Wright's height record set in Berlin.

paragraph: Lambert, along with Hubert Latham and Louis Blériot, was one of the three main contenders for the £1,000 prize offered by the "Daily Mail" for a successful crossing of the English Channel in an aeroplane, although he was not motivated by the monetary value. He took his pair of Wright "Flyers (Nos. 2 and 18) and set up camp at Wissant to practice and wait for good weather. Latham made the first real attempt, but foundered and landed on the water, and Lambert damaged his 'Flyers' while practising. The prize was won by Louis Blériot on 25 July 1909.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Count de Lambert was married first to Louise with whom had a daughter, Jane de Lambert. After they divorced Louise married the Marquis de Ivanrey, Ricardo Soriano () and then the aviation engineer Léon Lemartin who raised Jane as his own daughter. After Louise's death in December 1907 and his own death in an air-crash in 1911, Jane de Lambert was eventually parented by Lemartin's second wife Madeline and her second husband, his brother Albert Lemartin.

paragraph: Count de Lambert's second wife was Cordelia de Lambert.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website on the life of Count de Lambert (Wayback Machine)

description: European aviator

wikidata_label: Charles de Lambert

wikipedia_title: Charles de Lambert (aviator)


text:
Sioux
Arikara
American Indian
U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment
Lieutenant Colonel
George Armstrong Custer
Hunkpapa
Sioux
Arikara
Gall
chief
courier
hunter
American Fur Company
Alfred Sully
Battle of the Little Bighorn
Dakota Territory
Hunkpapa
Sioux
Arikara
Gall
Sitting Bull
Upper Missouri River
American Fur Company
Fort Clark
Fort Totten
coup sticks
ramrod
scalped
Brigadier General
Alfred Sully
Galvanized Yankees
Confederate States Army
Union
prisoner-of-war camp
President
Andrew Johnson
Indian Scout Enlistment Act
Fort Stevenson
problem with alcohol
Fort Rice
George Armstrong Custer
Black Hills Expedition
geologist
Arikara scouts
Mandan
Oglala Sioux
Red Cloud Agency
grizzly bear
Remington
William Ludlow
coup de grâce
jugular vein
bank
Charley Reynolds
$
quartermaster
Marcus Reno
Battle of the Little Bighorn
David Humphreys Miller
John Gibbon
White Shield, North Dakota
Black Hills Expedition
Son of the Morning Star

categories: Lakota people,People of the Great Sioux War of 1876,1840 births,1876 deaths,Native American United States military personnel,United States Army Indian Scouts

paragraph: Bloody Knife

paragraph: Bloody Knife (Sioux:"Tȟamila Wewe"; Arikara: "NeesiRAhpát"; ca. 1840 – June 25, 1876) was an American Indian who served as a scout and guide for the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment. He was the favorite scout of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer and has been called "perhaps the most famous Native American scout to serve the U.S. Army."

paragraph: Bloody Knife was born to a Hunkpapa Sioux father and an Arikara mother around 1840. He was abused and discriminated against by the other Sioux in his village because of his background, in particular by Gall, a future chief. When Bloody Knife was a teenager, he left his village with his mother to live with the Arikara tribe. His brothers were killed during a Sioux raid led by Gall in 1862. Bloody Knife found employment as a courier and hunter for the American Fur Company and later served under Alfred Sully before scouting for George Custer on several military expeditions. He died from a bullet wound to the head on June 25, 1876, during the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: While his exact date and place of birth are unknown, Bloody Knife was probably born between 1837 and 1840 in Dakota Territory. His father was a Hunkpapa Sioux and his mother a member of the Arikara tribe, also known as the Ree. Along with brothers and perhaps one sister, he lived with his father's tribe during his early childhood, but was not well-treated by them because of their enmity with his mother's people. Bloody Knife grew to hate the Sioux and especially a Sioux named Gall. Gall was the adopted brother of Sitting Bull, but while Sitting Bull had also mistreated Bloody Knife it was his peer with whom Bloody Knife developed an enduring feud. When Bloody Knife's mother left his father in 1856 to return to her own tribe, Bloody Knife joined her. About fifteen, he found himself on the Upper Missouri River at an American Fur Company trading post called Fort Clark.

paragraph: Conflicts between the Arikaras and Sioux were routine there, with Sioux war parties attacking Arikaras who wandered too far from the fort. In spite of the threat they represented, Bloody Knife took on and succeeded in the dangerous job of delivering mail to other forts in Missouri and to Fort Totten in North Dakota. He did not, however, pass through these years unscathed. During a visit to his father, Bloody Knife was—contrary to the customary protection of guests—attacked and ambushed by Gall and several other Hunkpapas who beat him severely, stripped him, spat on him, mocked him and hit him with coup sticks and musket ramrods. In the fall of 1862, two of his brothers were killed, mutilated, and scalped by a Sioux war party led by Gall. Their bodies were left to be eaten by wolves.

paragraph: Section::::First years as a scout.

paragraph: After working for the American Fur Company, Bloody Knife accompanied Brigadier General Alfred Sully in 1865 as a scout on his Sioux expedition. Bloody Knife proved useful to the group of Galvanized Yankees, prisoner soldiers from the Confederate States Army who served the Union in the America West instead of serving time in a prisoner-of-war camp at Fort Berthold. He also worked as a messenger, helping the troops to communicate with other military units in the area, which was still mainly controlled by the Sioux. In late 1865, Bloody Knife met with Captain Adams Bassett of Company C, Fourth U.S. Volunteer Infantry, whom he told that Gall had recently arrived near Fort Berthold, that Gall was not peaceful and had killed white men along the Missouri River. Bassett sent a lieutenant with a platoon and Bloody Knife to capture Gall or kill him if he would not surrender. Bloody Knife led the soldiers to the Hunkpapa village, south of the fort where Gall was staying. The men attempted to arrest Gall upon arrival, but when Gall tried to escape he was bayoneted and forced to the ground, and was twice stabbed with bayonets. The story goes that Bloody Knife took aim to administer a killing shot to Gall's head, but the officer in command knocked the shot wide, claiming Gall was already dead. Bloody Knife argued furiously with the officer to no avail. He departed, leaving Gall alive to become a Sioux war chief. However, since similar stories have been told about Gall attempting to kill Sitting Bull and being prevented, the story may be apocryphal.

paragraph: In 1866, President Andrew Johnson authorized the formation of a force of Indian scouts when he signed the Indian Scout Enlistment Act. Bloody Knife enlisted as a corporal at Fort Stevenson in May 1868, but his early service was not without issue. Bloody Knife had a problem with alcohol that may have led to him deserting his post in September 1868. By 1872, the year of his involvement in the Yellowstone Expedition, he became a lance corporal.

paragraph: Section::::Friendship and early work with Custer.

paragraph: In 1873, at Fort Rice, he met George Armstrong Custer. The two became friends, and Custer admired Bloody Knife's talents as a scout. Although Bloody Knife is said to have been insolent, Custer was amused by his candor. He was himself a volatile man, and during an expedition in 1874 would shoot at Bloody Knife during a fit of rage. Custer occasionally gave Bloody Knife gifts, including a silver medal inscribed with Bloody Knife's name that Custer ordered from Washington. Bloody Knife quickly became Custer's favorite scout. On the next Yellowstone Expedition, Bloody Knife joined Custer and fought against the Sioux. Bloody Knife helped to discover an abandoned Sioux village which he estimated to have held 1,000 warriors. The group followed the trail, which led them to a battle at Yellowstone.

paragraph: Section::::Black Hills Expedition.

paragraph: In 1874, Bloody Knife took part in the Black Hills Expedition, which included over a thousand men, geologists, infantry, cavalry, two miners, several reporters, and sixty-five Arikara scouts. Shortly before the beginning of the expedition, the Sioux attacked the Arikara village at Fort Berthold, killing five Arikaras and one Mandan. One of Bloody Knife's sons was killed in the attack and another scout, called Bear's Ears or Bear's Eye, lost a brother in the same attack. Bloody Knife blamed the death of his son on Gall. Many of the Arikara on the expedition wanted to avenge the attack and when they found signs of a band of Sioux in the Black Hills, they began to sing war songs and adorned their horses and themselves with war paint. Custer was not interested in solving tribal feuds and ordered the scouts not to attack any Sioux unless fired upon first. Bloody Knife and twenty-five other Arikaras were sent out for more scouting and found a small camp of five lodges. The scouts waited for Custer to arrive with his interpreter, Louis Agard, before taking any action. Although some reports suggested the presence of thousands of warriors in the hills preparing to attack, and most of the expedition thought that a fight would occur soon, Bloody Knife discovered a group of only twenty-seven Oglala Sioux, who had been cutting lodgepoles and hunting in the Black Hills and intended return to the Red Cloud Agency, one hundred miles south of their location. The group had no knowledge of the soldiers in the area and all but one Oglala ran away when Agard and some of the scouts approached them.

paragraph: On August 7, 1874, Bloody Knife encountered a grizzly bear roughly seventy-five yards from where Custer was searching for a campsite. Custer, having had a lifelong dream of killing a grizzly bear, shot the bear twice with his Remington rifle, hitting it in the thigh, and Bloody Knife and William Ludlow helped with the kill. The bear was an old male with broken teeth, covered in scars, and weighed . Though Custer took credit for the kill, some believe that the fatal bullet was fired by Bloody Knife, and 2002 biography "The Custer Companion" states that the coup de grâce was a cut to the jugular vein by Bloody Knife.

paragraph: During the Black Hills Expedition, several wagons became stuck at a bank. Custer asked whose fault the delay was and a scout named Charley Reynolds blamed Bloody Knife for the incident. Custer drew his revolver and fired shots in the two scouts' direction. Bloody Knife and Reynolds hid behind some trees. Bloody Knife then told Custer, "It is not a good thing you have done to me; if I had been possessed of madness too, you would not see another day." Custer replied, "My brother, it was the madness of the moment that made me do this, but it is now gone. Let us shake hands and be friends again." Bloody Knife agreed and shook Custer's hand.

paragraph: While most Indian scouts earned $13 a month, the same amount of pay as the troops received, Custer arranged a job for Bloody Knife with the quartermaster as a guide, where he earned $75 ($ at today's prices) per month. On November 30, 1874, Private Bloody Knife was discharged from service, and for his efforts in the Black Hills Expedition, he received an additional $150 for what was called his "invaluable assistance".

paragraph: Section::::Death at The Battle of Little Bighorn.

paragraph: In 1876, during the Little Bighorn campaign, Bloody Knife repeatedly tried to warn Custer there were too many Indians to fight. In spite of the overwhelming odds, he refused to stay out of the battle. By some accounts, before the battle began, Bloody Knife signaled to the sun with his hands, "I shall not see you go down behind the hills tonight."

paragraph: Bloody Knife was assigned to Major Marcus Reno, who had a command of 140 soldiers, at the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876. During the battle, Custer directed Bloody Knife and the other Arikara and Crow scouts to drive off the herds of Indian ponies in the Sioux camp. As Reno's soldiers and scouts approached the camp, the Indians, mostly Lakota-Sioux and Cheyenne, spotted them and quickly mobilized their warriors to attack Reno. The soldiers quickly dismounted and formed a skirmish line to shoot at the enemy, but they kept coming and Reno's unit began taking heavy casualties. Reportedly, Bloody Knife was standing next to Reno, who had motioned for Bloody Knife to approach him so he could ask Bloody Knife what the Indians would do when his command began to move away from their village. Bloody Knife was shot in the head and killed while mounted on his horse before making a reply. Reno, his face smeared with the gore from Bloody Knife's wound, panicked and ordered a withdrawal. Reno and his men retreated into woodland near the river with the braves in aggressive pursuit, and his poor response cost many of his troops their lives. Bloody Knife was one of three Arikara scouts assigned to Reno to die during the battle; the others were Little Brave (also known as Bear's Trail or Little Soldier) and Bobtail Bull. The US Army suffered a huge defeat.

paragraph: Bloody Knife was decapitated by the Sioux. According to Bloody Knife's sister, her daughters had found his body on the battlefield, and unaware that it was the body of their uncle, cut off his head and took it to the Hunkpapa village where it was displayed on a pole. When she saw the head and recognized it as that of her brother, Bloody Knife's sister was horrified. According to David Humphreys Miller, an interviewer who talked with many of the participants and witnesses from the battle, she cried out: "Gall has killed him at last!" However, other accounts do not mention Gall nor the sisters' reactions at their discovery of the head's identity. In the aftermath of the battle, Colonel John Gibbon's troops found and identified by its gray color pattern the scalp of Bloody Knife in an empty Sioux lodge. These remains were buried on the battlefield on June 27, 1876. Later he was buried in the scout cemetery near White Shield, North Dakota.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Bloody Knife had wed an Arikara woman named Young Owl Woman, or She Owl, in 1866. He fathered at least three children, a daughter and two sons. The daughter died of an illness on December 28, 1870, and was buried at Fort Buford. One son was killed in a raid by Lakota on the Arikara village before the Black Hills Expedition of 1874. The other lived until 1904, when he was killed supposedly by his own wife. Young Owl Woman served as Bloody Knife's legal heir. On April 14, 1879, she appeared at Fort Berthold to claim outstanding pay for his services to the army. In 1881, she received his final $91.66 in wages from the US Government.

paragraph: Bloody Knife's deeds were remembered in song composed by the Arikara scouts after his death at the Battle of Little Big Horn. His story spread wide, and he became one of the more famous scouts associated with the army. In the 1991 television mini-series "Son of the Morning Star", Bloody Knife was portrayed by Sheldon Peters Wolfchild.

description: Native American scout with the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment who was killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn

wikidata_label: Bloody Knife

wikipedia_title: Bloody Knife


text: baseball

text: pitcher

text: Lancaster Barnstormers

text: Atlanta Braves

text: Kansas City Royals

text: Stockbridge, Georgia

text: Stockbridge High School

text: Stockbridge High School

text: Stockbridge, Georgia

text: Georgia Tech

text: Atlanta Braves

text: 2001 Major League Baseball draft

text: Rome Braves

text: South Atlantic League

text: strikeout

text: minor league

text: Fenway Park

text: Boston, Massachusetts

text: Boston Red Sox

text: John Thomson

text: Mike Hampton

text: disabled list

text: run

text: spring training

text: Class AAA

text: Florida Marlins

text: disabled list

text: earned run average

text: Richmond Braves

text: International League

text: Lance Cormier

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: Jo-Jo Reyes

text: Octavio Dotel

text: earned run

text: Alex Rodriguez

text: homer

text: Minnesota Twins

text: hits

text: striking out

text: disabled list

text: Toronto Blue Jays

text: Minnesota Twins

text: Fort Myers

text: GCL Twins

text: New Britain

text: Cleveland Indians

text: New York Yankees

text: Tokyo Yakult Swallows

text: Nippon Professional Baseball

text: Somerset Patriots

text: Lancaster Barnstormers

text: McDonough, Georgia

text: Georgia Tech

text: Boston Red Sox

text: New York–Penn League

text: St. Petersburg, Florida

categories: Tokyo Yakult Swallows players,Atlanta Braves players,Fort Myers Miracle players,People from Stockbridge, Georgia,Omaha Storm Chasers players,Akron RubberDucks players,Somerset Patriots players,Azucareros del Este players,Mississippi Braves players,New York Yankees players,Omaha Royals players,Gulf Coast Twins players,Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state),Columbus Clippers players,Kansas City Royals players,Myrtle Beach Pelicans players,Richmond Braves players,Macon Braves players,Danville Braves players,Greenville Braves players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Lancaster Barnstormers players,Living people,New Britain Rock Cats players,Las Vegas 51s players,People from Decatur, Georgia,1983 births,Gulf Coast Braves players,Rome Braves players

paragraph: Kyle Davies (baseball)

paragraph: Hiram Kyle Davies (born September 9, 1983) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He has also played in MLB for the Atlanta Braves and Kansas City Royals.

paragraph: Davies grew up in Stockbridge, Georgia, and graduated from Stockbridge High School and signed right out of high school with the Braves. He made his MLB debut in 2005, and was traded to the Royals in 2007. Injuries prevented him from appearing in MLB after the 2011 season, until he pitched for the Yankees in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Davies attended Stockbridge High School in Stockbridge, Georgia. He was highly recruited by many major college programs, most notably Georgia Tech.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: The Atlanta Braves selected Davies in the fourth round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft, and Davies signed rather than attend college. Davies was a member of the Rome Braves during their inaugural season, when they won the 2003 South Atlantic League championship. He led the team in strikeouts with 148 during that season. Davies was part of the group of rookie players nicknamed the "Baby Braves" that Atlanta called up from its minor league system during the 2005 season. Davies made his Major League Baseball debut on May 21, 2005, a rainy night at Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts, and dominated six innings against the Boston Red Sox. Braves pitchers John Thomson and Mike Hampton were both put on the disabled list with injuries, and Davies was called up. Davies immediately made an impact, as he did not allow a run in his first three starts in the Major Leagues. When Thomson and Hampton returned to the pitching rotation in August, Davies was sent back to the minor leagues. Davies began the 2006 season as a starter in Atlanta, after coming to spring training as a probable Class AAA starter.

paragraph: On May 15, 2006, Davies suffered an injury to his right groin while pitching against the Florida Marlins. He was later diagnosed with a torn groin muscle and underwent surgery several days later. As a result of the injury, Davies was put on the disabled list and missed 10 weeks of the season. He ended up making only 14 starts in 2006, with a very poor earned run average (ERA) of 8.38. Out of spring training in 2007, Davies was initially assigned to the Richmond Braves of the Class AAA International League. However, due to the injury of Lance Cormier at the end of spring training, he was promoted at the beginning of the year to fill Cormier's spot. Cormier's inability to return to form after rehabilitating and coming off the DL, coupled with the Braves losing Mike Hampton to season ending surgery, allowed Davies role on the pitching staff to cease being a fill-in role. However, in 17 starts, Davies had a terrible time establishing any pattern of reliability and consistency, posting a record of 4–8 with a 5.76 ERA. In a start on July 16 versus the Cincinnati Reds, Davies threw just 22 pitches and did not record an out before being taken out of the game. Consequently, Davies was optioned to Richmond on July 19 as rookie Jo-Jo Reyes assumed his spot in the rotation.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Kansas City Royals.

paragraph: On July 31, 2007, Davies was traded to the Kansas City Royals in exchange for pitcher Octavio Dotel. On August 4, Davies made his Royals debut going three innings and giving up five earned runs. He also gave up Alex Rodriguez's 500th homer in the first inning. But on August 9 he was able to bounce back with 6 and 2/3 scoreless innings against the Minnesota Twins, giving up only 3 hits and striking out 4. The Royals won the game by the score of 2–0. On August 1, 2011, Davies was placed on the 15-day disabled list with right shoulder impingement. He was released on August 10, 2011, and cleared release waivers on August 12.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Toronto Blue Jays.

paragraph: On August 20, Davies signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Minnesota Twins.

paragraph: On February 20, 2013, Davies signed a minor league contract with the Minnesota Twins. After missing April and half of May due to shoulder problems, Davies was assigned to High-A Fort Myers, where he made his first start on May 15. After one additional start, he missed another month due to injury, making a rehab start with the GCL Twins before returning to Fort Myers, where he made 3 more starts. On July 23, Davies was promoted to Double-A New Britain, where he made 7 starts to finish the season. In 12 starts in 2013, Davies went 4–3 with a 3.41 ERA and 4 quality starts, striking out 47 in 58 innings.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Cleveland Indians.

paragraph: Davies signed a minor league deal with the Cleveland Indians on February 12, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:New York Yankees.

paragraph: Davies signed a minor league deal with the New York Yankees on February 10, 2015. He was called up to the major leagues on April 12, 2015, and appeared in a game that night. He was designated for assignment by the Yankees the next day.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Tokyo Yakult Swallows.

paragraph: Davies signed with the Tokyo Yakult Swallows of Nippon Professional Baseball for the 2016 season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Somerset Patriots.

paragraph: On May 7, 2018, Davies signed with the Somerset Patriots of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He became a free agent following the 2018 season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Lancaster Barnstormers.

paragraph: On March 15, 2019, Davies signed with the Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: During the offseason, Davies works for his father's construction company. He currently resides in McDonough, Georgia

paragraph: Kyle's younger brother Jake played baseball at Georgia Tech from 2009 to 2012 and signed with the Boston Red Sox organization. He reached the Class–A New York–Penn League later that year, but was released in 2013.

paragraph: Davies was arrested in St. Petersburg, Florida after a baseball game on August 8, 2011 for disorderly intoxication.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Kyle Davies

wikipedia_title: Kyle Davies (baseball)