text:
Huajuapan
Oaxaca
Mexican–American War
Battle of Cerro Gordo
General Santa Anna
Battle of Molino del Rey

categories: 1847 deaths,Mexican generals,1794 births

paragraph: Antonio León (soldier)

paragraph: Mexican Brigadier General Antonio de Leon was born in Huajuapan, Oaxaca, on June 4, 1794. He commanded the Oaxaca National Guard during the Mexican–American War (1846-1848).

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: In the aftermath of the Battle of Cerro Gordo, Gen. Antonio de Leon arrived with the national guard of Oaxaca to reinforce General Santa Anna. Although they did not engage in combat at Cerro Gordo, Santa Anna would use the new brigade to help rebuild and replenish his army.

paragraph: Antonio de Leon played a crucial role in the Battle of Molino del Rey. "With great bravado, Leon called on the soldiers of the "Patria" Battalion to attention on the eve of the battle and issued a challenge for "those to take a step forward amongst you who are prepared to die with me for our motherland because we shall surely not survive the coming battle."

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Seen at the forefront of the Battle of Molino del Rey, General De Leon was shot and killed during the heat of the battle. Studies state that before his death it was said that León's last words in consciousness were uttered to Lieutenant-Colonel Miguel María de Echegaray of the 6th Light Infantry Regiment,

paragraph: "Haga lo imposible por nuestra patria, que ella sabrá recompensar sus servicios."

description: Mexican brigadier general

wikidata_label: Antonio León (soldier)

wikipedia_title: Antonio León (soldier)


text:
Singaporean
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
Fuzhou
China
Methodist
Singapore
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
King Edward VII College of Medicine
British Medical Association
opium
Pacific War
Kempeitai
Methodist Church
British Military Administration
Young Men's Christian Association
Scripture Union
Japanese Occupation

wikipedia_title: British Military Administration (Malaya)

categories: 1885 births,Singaporean medical doctors,Singaporean philanthropists,Singaporean people of Hockchew descent,1972 deaths,Singaporean Methodists

paragraph: Chen Su Lan

paragraph: Dr Chen Su Lan (; 13 February 1885 – 5 May 1972) was one of the Singaporean first local medical graduates. He was also an anti-opium fighter, philanthropist and social reformer. He served in a number of important committees including the Tan Tock Seng Hospital Management Committee, the Central Midwives Board and the Council of King Edward VII College of Medicine. After the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, he joined the Advisory Council where he spoke out against social ills caused by the war. He founded the Chinese Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in 1945 and formed the Chen Su Lan Trust in 1947.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Chen was born in Fuzhou, China as a third-generation Methodist. He enrolled at Anglo-Chinese College in Fuzhou when he was 15. At a revival meeting led by visiting Bishop Bradford, he pledged to become a preacher one day.

paragraph: In 1905, he left for Singapore and enrolled to become one of the first students at the newly opened Straits Federated Malay States Government Medical School (now known as Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine). He obtained a Licentiate in Medicine at 1910, as part of the first batch of seven graduates. In addition, he also topped that class.

paragraph: After graduation, he was not only busy with his own practice but he served on a number of important committees, including the Tan Tock Seng Hospital Management Committee, the Central Midwives Board and the Council of King Edward VII College of Medicine. He also founded the Alumni Association of the Medical College was elected president of the Malayan branch of the British Medical Association.

paragraph: Section::::Anti-Opium Fight.

paragraph: Chen was deeply concerned with the social and health conditions in Singapore. He recognised that opium addiction was a grim social problem, not helped by the fact that the colonial government monopolised the sale of the drug as means to regulate its use. At the risk of being labelled disloyal to the British, Chen mounted a campaign against opium addiction. He was the president of the Singapore Anti-Opium Society and the director of the Anti-Opium Clinic which he founded in 1933. However, in 1937, the outbreak of war in China caused donations to be diverted to the China Relief Fund and thus the clinic had to close down.

paragraph: Section::::Outbreak of the Pacific War.

paragraph: When the Pacific War broke out in December 1941, the Japanese army made steady progress in its conquest of the Malayan peninsula. Chen, who felt that Singapore would fall, decided to flee from the island. On 13 February 1942, he boarded one of the last ships leaving Singapore but unfortunately, the ship was attacked, bombed and set on fire. The passengers abandoned ship and Chen found himself adrift in the cold sea, clinging on to a raft with a few other survivors. During those hours in the water, he re-evaluated his life and realised he had not kept to his childhood commitment to be a preacher. He decided to live fully for God and not himself.

paragraph: Upon landing on short at a mangrove forest, Chen returned home only to be detained by the Kempeitai (Japanese military police). An informer had told the Japanese that Chen and other leaders of the Methodist Church were conspiring against the Japanese government. Although his home was searched, no evidence was found which would incriminate him, and he was released.

paragraph: Section::::After the Japanese Occupation.

paragraph: After the war, the British Military Administration invited Chen to join the Advisory Council. Chen took the opportunity to speak out boldly against the numerous social problems that had arisen because of the war. To help solve these problems, in 1945, he founded the Chinese Young Men's Christian Association (now called the Metropolitan YMCA) to help provide demoralised youths with opportunities to rehabilitate themselves.

paragraph: Section::::Chen Su Lan Trust.

paragraph: Turning to his personal interest and commitment, he founded the Chen Su Lan Trust in 1947. The Trust disbursed funds and land to Christian organisations like Scripture Union, and for the founding in 1968 of the Methodist Children's Home which was named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Writing About His Experiences.

paragraph: In 1969, Chen published a book entitled "Pompong and Oxley Rise", which recounted his childhood days and his experiences during the Japanese Occupation. He had been planning to do this since the war as a way to express his gratitude to God. Though he had not fulfilled his commitment to be a preacher in the literal sense, his whole life had been dedicated to serve God through serving the needs of others.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Death [Obituary] [Microfilm: NL 7053]. (6 May 1972). "The Straits Times", p. 32.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New anti-opium clinic" [Microfilm: NL 1497]. (16 March 1935). "The Straits Times", p. 11.

description: Singaporean physician

wikidata_label: Chen Su Lan

wikipedia_title: Chen Su Lan


text: Mazel Tov

text: astruc

text: Sephardic

text: rabbi

text: philosopher

text: physician

text: kabbalist

text: biblical commentator

text: Girona

text: Catalonia

text: Jewish

text: Jerusalem

text: destruction

text: Crusaders

text: Greek

text: acronym

text: Catalan

text: Mazel Tov

text: Girona

text: Land of Israel

text: Barcelona

text: Jonah Gerondi

text: Talmud

text: Judah ben Yakar

text: Trinquetaille

text: Kabbalah

text: Azriel of Gerona

text: Isaac the Blind

text: Shlomo ibn Aderet

text: medicine

text: Jewish law

text: Alfasi

text: Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona

text: Mishnah

text: Talmud

text: Geonim

text: earlier authorities

text: Greco-Arabic philosophy

text: Provence

text: Maimonides

text: Guide for the Perplexed

text: Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier

text: Maimonides

text: Aragon

text: Navarre

text: Castile

text: Mishneh Torah

text: Guide for the Perplexed

text: Aristotle

text: Galen

text: Joseph ben Abraham Gikatilla

text: Maimonides

text: God

text: angel

text: revelation

text: Jewish views of the afterlife

text: soul

text: levirate marriage

text: Torah

text: Rashi

text: aggadic

text: mystical

text: philology

text: Greek philosophers

text: Aristotle

text: Maimonides

text: miracle

text: natural phenomena

text: Divine Providence

text: miracle

text: Jewish principles of faith

text: creation out of nothing

text: omniscience

text: divine providence

text: Abraham ibn Ezra

text: Kabbalah

text: Girona

text: Catalonia

text: Pablo Christiani

text: Dominican

text: Master General

text: Raymond de Penyafort

text: James I of Aragon

text: freedom of speech

text: Messiah

text: Prophet

text: aggadic

text: Pharisee

text: Jesus

text: Raymond de Penyafort

text: Pope Clement IV

text: Kingdom of France

text: aliyah

text: Jerusalem

text: Old City

text: Ramban Synagogue

text: Crusader

text: 1948 Arab–Israeli War

text: Acre

text: Karaites

text: Karaite

text: Holy Land

text: Haifa

text: Acre

text: Hebron

text: Cave of the Ramban

text: Jerusalem

text: glosses

text: Talmud

text: Talmud

text: Tosefot

text: Shimshon ben Tzemach Duran

text: Simeon Kayyara

text: Alfasi

text: Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona

text: Abraham ben David

text: Azariah dei Rossi

text: Video Lecture on Nachmanides

text: Dr. Henry Abramson

categories: 1194 births,Rabbis in Jerusalem,Philosophers of Judaism,Jewish philosophers,Jewish refugees,Jewish apologists,Spanish rabbis,13th-century rabbis,People from Girona,Kabbalists,Exponents of Jewish law,Spanish refugees,Catalan philosophers,Medieval Catalan Jews,Rishonim,Bible commentators,Nachmanides,1270 deaths

paragraph: Nachmanides

paragraph: Moses ben Nahman ( "Mōšeh ben-Nāḥmān", "Moses son of Nahman"; 1194–1270), commonly known as Nachmanides (; "Nakhmanídēs"), and also referred to by the acronym Ramban () and by the contemporary nickname Bonastruc ça Porta (literally "Mazel Tov near the Gate", see astruc), was a leading medieval Jewish scholar, Sephardic rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator. He was raised, studied, and lived for most of his life in Girona, Catalonia. He is also considered to be an important figure in the re-establishment of the Jewish community in Jerusalem following its destruction by the Crusaders in 1099.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: "Nachmanides" (Ναχμανίδης) is a Greek-influenced formation meaning "son of Nahman". He is also commonly known by the Hebrew acronym (Ra-M-Ba-N, for "Rabbeinu Mōšeh bēn-Nāḥmān", "Our Rabbi Moses son of Nahman"). His Catalan name was Bonastruc ça Porta (also written "Saporta" or "de Porta"), literally "Mazel Tov near the Gate".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ramban was born in Girona in 1194, where he grew up and studied (hence he is also called "Mosheh ben Nahman Gerondi", or "Moses son of Nahman the Gironan"), and died in the Land of Israel about 1270. He was a descendant of Isaac ben Reuben of Barcelona and cousin of Jonah Gerondi (Rabbeinu Yonah). Among his teachers in Talmud were Judah ben Yakar and Nathan ben Meïr of Trinquetaille, and he is said to have been instructed in Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) by his countryman Azriel of Gerona, who was in turn a disciple of Isaac the Blind.

paragraph: According to the responsa of Shlomo ibn Aderet Nachmanides studied medicine. During his teens he began to get a reputation as a learned Jewish scholar. At age 16 he began his writings on Jewish law. In his "Milhamot Hashem" (Wars of the Lord) he defended Alfasi's decisions against the criticisms of Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona. These writings reveal a conservative tendency that distinguished his later works — an unbounded respect for the earlier authorities.

paragraph: In the view of Nachmanides, the wisdom of the rabbis of the Mishnah and Talmud, as well as the Geonim (rabbis of the early medieval era) was unquestionable. Their words were to be neither doubted nor criticized. "We bow," he says, "before them, and even when the reason for their words is not quite evident to us, we submit to them" ("Aseifat Zekkenim", commentary on "Ketubot"). Nachmanides' adherence to the words of the earlier authorities may be due to piety, or the influence of the northern French Jewish school of thought. However, it is thought that it also may be a reaction to the rapid acceptance of Greco-Arabic philosophy among the Jews of Spain and Provence; this occurred soon after the appearance of Maimonides' "Guide for the Perplexed". This work gave rise to a tendency to allegorize Biblical narratives, and to downplay the role of miracles. Against this tendency Nachmanides strove, and went to the other extreme, not even allowing the utterances of the immediate disciples of the Geonim to be questioned.

paragraph: Section::::Attitude toward Maimonides.

paragraph: Called upon, about 1238, for support by Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier, who had been excommunicated by supporters of Maimonides, Nachmanides addressed a letter to the communities of Aragon, Navarre, and Castile, in which Solomon's adversaries were severely rebuked. However, the great respect he professed for Maimonides (though he did not share the latter's views), reinforced by innate gentleness of character, kept him from allying himself with the anti-Maimonist party and led him to assume the role of a conciliator.

paragraph: In a letter addressed to the French rabbis, he draws attention to the virtues of Maimonides and holds that Maimonides' Mishneh Torah – his Code of Jewish Law – not only shows no leniency in interpreting prohibitions within Jewish law, but may even be seen as more stringent, which in Nachmanides' eyes was a positive factor. As to Maimonides' "Guide for the Perplexed", Nachmanides stated that it was intended not for those of unshaken belief, but for those who had been led astray by the non-Jewish philosophical works of Aristotle and Galen. (Note that Nachmanides's analysis of the "Guide" is not the consensus view of modern scholars.) "If," he says, "you were of the opinion that it was your duty to denounce the Guide as heretical, why does a portion of your flock recede from the decision as if it regretted the step? Is it right in such important matters to act capriciously, to applaud the one to-day and the other tomorrow?"

paragraph: To reconcile the two parties, Nachmanides proposed that the ban against the philosophical portion of Maimonides's Code of Jewish law should be revoked, but that the ban against the study of the "Guide for the Perplexed", and against those who rejected allegorical interpretation of the Bible, should be maintained and even strengthened. This compromise, which might have ended the struggle, was rejected by both parties in spite of Nachmanides' authority.

paragraph: Section::::"Iggrot ha-Kodesh".

paragraph: The book "Iggeret ha-Kodesh" (אגרת הקודש - The Holy Epistle) on the topics of marriage, holiness, and sexual relations was commonly attributed to Nachmanides, who supposedly wrote it for his son as a wedding gift. However, modern scholarship attributes it to a different author, perhaps Rabbi Joseph ben Abraham Gikatilla.

paragraph: In this book, the author criticizes Maimonides for stigmatizing man's sexual nature as a disgrace to man. In the view of the author, the body with all its functions being the work of God, is holy, and so none of its normal sexual impulses and actions can be regarded as objectionable.

paragraph: Section::::Views on death, mourning and the resurrection.

paragraph: In Nachmanides's "Torat ha-Adam," which deals with mourning rites, burial customs, etc., Nachmanides sharply criticizes writers who strove to render man indifferent to both pleasure and pain. This, he declares, is against the Law, which commands man to rejoice on the day of joy and weep on the day of mourning. The last chapter, entitled "Shaar ha-Gemul," discusses reward and punishment, resurrection, and kindred subjects. It derides the presumption of the philosophers who pretend to a knowledge of the essence of God and the angels, while even the composition of their own bodies is a mystery to them.

paragraph: For Nachmanides, divine revelation is the best guide in all these questions, and proceeds to give his views on Jewish views of the afterlife. He holds that as God is eminently just, there must be reward and punishment. This reward and punishment must take place in another world, for the good and evil of this world are relative and transitory.

paragraph: Besides the animal soul, which is derived from the "Supreme powers" and is common to all creatures, man possesses a special soul. This special soul, which is a direct emanation from God, existed before the creation of the world. Through the medium of man it enters the material life; and at the dissolution of its medium it either returns to its original source or enters the body of another man. This belief is, according to Nachmanides, the basis of the levirate marriage, the child of which inherits not only the name of the brother of his fleshly father, but also his soul, and thus continues its existence on the earth. The resurrection spoken of by the prophets, which will take place after the coming of the Messiah, is referred by Nachmanides to the body. The physical body may, through the influence of the soul, transform itself into so pure an essence that it will become eternal.

paragraph: Section::::Commentary on the Torah.

paragraph: Ramban's commentary on the Torah (five books of Moses) was his last work, and his most well known. He frequently cites and critiques Rashi's commentary, and provides alternative interpretations where he disagrees with Rashi's interpretation. He was prompted to record his commentary by three motives: (1) to satisfy the minds of students of the Law and stimulate their interest by a critical examination of the text; (2) to justify the ways of God and discover the hidden meanings of the words of Scripture, "for in the Torah are hidden every wonder and every mystery, and in her treasures is sealed every beauty of wisdom"; (3) to soothe the minds of the students by simple explanations and pleasant words when they read the appointed sections of the Pentateuch on Sabbaths and festivals. His exposition, intermingled with aggadic and mystical interpretations, is based upon careful philology and original study of the Bible.

paragraph: His commentary on the creation of the world describes the heavens and the earth being created out of a noncorporeal substance:

paragraph: As in his preceding works, he vehemently attacks the Greek philosophers, especially Aristotle, and frequently criticizes Maimonides' Biblical interpretations. Thus he assails Maimonides' interpretation of Gen. 18:8, asserting that Maimonides' preferred understanding is contrary to the evident meaning of the Biblical words and that it is sinful even to hear it. While Maimonides endeavored to reduce the miracles of the Bible to the level of natural phenomena, Nachmanides emphasizes them, declaring that "no man can share in the Torah of our teacher Moses unless he believes that all our affairs, whether they concern masses or individuals, are miraculously controlled, and that nothing can be attributed to nature or the order of the world." See further on this debate under Divine Providence.

paragraph: Next to belief in miracles Nachmanides places three other beliefs, which are, according to him, the Jewish principles of faith, namely, the belief in creation out of nothing, in the omniscience of God, and in divine providence.

paragraph: Nachmanides, in this commentary, often fiercely criticized Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra, particularly regarding ibn Ezra's negative attitude towards Kabbalah. Nevertheless, he had tremendous respect for ibn Ezra, as is evidenced in his introduction to the commentary.

paragraph: Over time, Nachmanides updated his commentary in at least 250 places, particularly after moving from Spain to the land of Israel. These updates are attested to in different versions of his commentary which survived in manuscript.

paragraph: Section::::Disputation of Barcelona, 1263.

paragraph: Nachmanides, first as rabbi of Girona and later as chief rabbi of Catalonia, seems to have led a largely untroubled life. When well advanced in years, however, his life was interrupted by an event which made him leave his family and his country and wander in foreign lands. This was the religious disputation in which he was called upon to defend his faith in 1263. The debate was initiated by a Pablo Christiani, a Jewish convert to Christianity, who had been sent by the Dominican Master General, Raymond de Penyafort, to King James I of Aragon, with the request that the king order Ramban to respond to charges against Judaism.

paragraph: Pablo Christiani had been trying to make the Jews convert to Christianity. Relying upon the reserve his adversary would be forced to exercise due to fear of offending the feelings of the Christians, Pablo assured the King that he would prove the truth of Christianity from the Talmud and other rabbinical writings. Ramban answered the order of the King, but asked that complete freedom of speech should be granted. For four days (July 20–24) he debated with Pablo Christiani in the presence of the King, the court, and many churchmen.

paragraph: The subjects discussed were:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. whether the Messiah had appeared;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. whether the Messiah announced by the Prophets was to be considered as divine or as a man born of human parents

paragraph: BULLET::::3. whether the Jews or the Christians were in possession of the true faith.

paragraph: Christiani argued, based upon several aggadic passages, that the Pharisee sages believed that the Messiah had lived during the Talmudic period, and that they ostensibly believed that the Messiah was therefore Jesus. Nachmanides countered that Christiani's interpretations were distortions; the rabbis would not hint that Jesus was Messiah while, at the same time, explicitly opposing him as such. He further said that if the sages of the Talmud believed that Jesus was the messiah then most certainly they would have been Christians and not Jews, and the fact that the sages of the Talmud were Jews is beyond dispute. Nachmanides proceeded to provide context for the proof-texts cited by Christiani, showing that they were most clearly understood differently than as proposed by Christiani. Furthermore, Nachmanides demonstrated from numerous biblical and talmudic sources that traditional Jewish belief ran contrary to Christiani's postulates.

paragraph: Nachmanides argued that the Biblical prophets regarded the future messiah as a human, a person of flesh and blood, and not as divine, in the way that Christians view Jesus. He stated that their promises of a reign of universal peace and justice had not yet been fulfilled, that since the appearance of Jesus, the world had been filled with violence and injustice, and that among all denominations the Christians were the most warlike.

paragraph: [... it seems most strange that... ] the Creator of Heaven and Earth resorted to the womb of a certain Jewish lady, grew there for nine months and was born as an infant, and afterwards grew up and was betrayed into the hands of his enemies who sentenced him to death and executed him, and that afterwards... he came to life and returned to his original place. The mind of a Jew, or any other person, simply cannot tolerate these assertions. You have listened all your life to the priests who have filled your brain and the marrow of your bones with this doctrine, and it has settled into you because of that accustomed habit. [I would argue that if you were hearing these ideas for the first time, now, as a grown adult], you would never accept them.

paragraph: He noted that questions of the Messiah were of less dogmatic importance to Jews than most Christians imagine. The reason given by him for this bold statement was that it was more meritorious for the Jews to observe the precepts under a Christian ruler, while in exile and suffering humiliation and abuse, than under the rule of the Messiah, when every one would perforce act in accordance with the Law.

paragraph: As the disputation seemed to turn in favor of Nachmanides, the Jews of Barcelona, fearing the resentment of the Dominicans, entreated him to discontinue; but the King, whom Nachmanides had acquainted with the apprehensions of the Jews, desired him to proceed. The controversy was therefore resumed, and concluded in what was considered a complete victory for Nachmanides, who was dismissed by the King with a gift of three hundred gold pieces as a mark of his respect. The King remarked that he had never encountered a man who, while yet being wrong, argued so well for his position.

paragraph: The Dominicans, nevertheless, claimed the victory, and Nachmanides felt obligated to publish the text of the debates. From this publication Pablo selected certain passages which he construed as blasphemies against Christianity and denounced to the head of his order, Raymond de Penyafort. A capital charge was then instituted, and a formal complaint against the work and its author was lodged with the King. James was obliged to entertain the charge, but, mistrusting the Dominican court, called an extraordinary commission, and ordered that the proceedings be conducted in his presence. Nachmanides admitted that he had stated many things against Christianity, but he had written nothing which he had not used in his disputation in the presence of the King, who had granted him freedom of speech.

paragraph: The justness of his defense was recognized by the King and the commission, but to satisfy the Dominicans, Nachmanides was sentenced to exile for two years and his pamphlet was condemned to be burned. He may also have been fined, but this was lifted as a favor to Benveniste ça Porta, who according to some authorities was Nachmanides' brother. The Dominicans, however, found this punishment too mild and, through Pope Clement IV, they seem to have succeeded in turning the two years' exile into perpetual banishment.

paragraph: Other scholars believe that the identification of Bonastruc ça Porta with Nachmanides is incorrect. If so, then there were actually two people who were found to be blasphemous in the same time period and location.

paragraph: Section::::In Jerusalem.

paragraph: Nachmanides left Aragon and sojourned for three years somewhere in Castille or in the southern part of the Kingdom of France. In 1267, seeking refuge from Christian persecution in Muslim lands, he made aliyah to Jerusalem. There he established a synagogue in the Old City that exists until the present day, known as the Ramban Synagogue. His re-establishment of Jewish communal life in Jerusalem (which had been interrupted by Crusader repression) is notable in that it marked the beginning of almost 700 consecutive Jewish years in Jerusalem until the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Nachmanides then settled at Acre, where he was very active in spreading Jewish learning, which was at that time very much neglected in the Holy Land. He gathered a circle of pupils around him, and people came in crowds, even from the district of the Euphrates, to hear him. Karaites were said to have attended his lectures, among them Aaron ben Joseph the Elder, who later became one of the greatest Karaite authorities (although Graetz writes that there is no veracity to that). It was to arouse the interest of the Israeli Jews in the exposition of the Bible that Nachmanides wrote the greatest of his works, the above-mentioned commentary on the Torah.

paragraph: Although surrounded by friends and pupils, Nachmanides keenly felt the pangs of exile. "I left my family, I forsook my house. There, with my sons and daughters, the sweet, dear children I brought up at my knees, I left also my soul. My heart and my eyes will dwell with them forever." During his three-year stay in the Holy Land, Nachmanides maintained a correspondence with his native land, by means of which he endeavored to bring about a closer connection between Judea and Spain. Shortly after his arrival in Jerusalem, he addressed a letter to his son Nahman, in which he described the desolation of the Holy City, where there were at that time only two Jewish inhabitants—brothers, dyers by trade. In a later letter from Acre he counsels his son to cultivate humility, which he considers to be the first of virtues. In another, addressed to his second son, who occupied an official position at the Castilian court, Nachmanides recommends the recitation of the daily prayers and warns above all against immorality.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Nachmanides died in the Holy Land after having passed the age of seventy or seventy-six. Different traditions suggest that he was buried in Haifa, Acre, Hebron, or in the Cave of the Ramban in Jerusalem.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Nachmanides' wrote glosses on the whole Talmud, made compendiums of parts of Jewish law, after the model of Isaac Alfasi. His major work on the Talmud is referred to as "Chiddushei haRamban". He often provides a different perspective on a variety of issues that are addressed by the Tosefot.

paragraph: Nachmanides' known halakhic works are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mishpetei ha-Cherem", the laws concerning excommunication, reproduced in "Kol Bo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hilkhot Bedikkah", on the examination of the lungs of slaughtered animals, cited by Shimshon ben Tzemach Duran in his "Yavin Shemu'ah"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Torat ha-Adam", on the laws of mourning and burial ceremonies, in thirty chapters, the last of which, entitled "Sha'ar ha-Gemul", deals with eschatology (Constantinople, 1519, and frequently reprinted).

paragraph: Nachmanides' writings in the defense of Simeon Kayyara and Alfasi also belong in the category of his Talmudic and halachic works. These writings are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Milhamot HaShem", defending Alfasi against the criticisms of Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona (published with the "Alfasi", Venice, 1552; frequently reprinted; separate edition, Berlin, 1759)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sefer ha-Zekhut", in defense of Alfasi against the criticisms of Abraham ben David (RABaD; printed with Abraham Meldola's "Shiv'ah 'Enayim" Leghorn, 1745; under the title "Machaseh u-Magen", Venice, 1808)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hassagot" (Constantinople, 1510; frequently reprinted), in defense of Simeon Kayyara against the criticisms of Maimonides' "Sefer ha-Mitzwoth" (Book of Precepts).

paragraph: His other works are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Derashah", sermon delivered in the presence of the King of Castile

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sefer ha-Ge'ulah", or "Sefer Ketz ha-Ge'ulah", on the time of the arrival of the Messiah (in Azariah dei Rossi's "Me'or 'Enayim Imre Binah," ch. xliii., and frequently reprinted)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iggeret ha-Musar", ethical letter addressed to his son (in the "Sefer ha-Yir'ah," or "Iggeret ha-Teshuvah," of Jonah Gerondi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iggeret ha-Chemdah", letter addressed to the French rabbis in defense of Maimonides (with the "Ta'alumot Chokmah" of Joseph Delmedigo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vikkuach", religious controversy with Pablo Christiani (in the "Milchamot Chovah")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perush Iyyov", commentary on Job

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bi'ur" or "Perush 'al ha-Torah", commentary on the Torah

paragraph: br

paragraph: br

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caputo, Nina, "Nahmanides in Medieval Catalonia: History, Community and Messianism". Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2008. Pp. 384.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph E. David, Dwelling within the Law: Nahmanides' Legal Theology, Oxford Journal of Law and Religion (2013), pp. 1–21.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video Lecture on Nachmanides by Dr. Henry Abramson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iggeres HaRamban - Nachmanides's letter to his son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Igeres Haramban - An Eleven Step Program

description: Spanish rabbi and scholar.

enwikiquote_title: Ramban

wikidata_label: Nahmanides

wikipedia_title: Nachmanides


text: organ

text: composer

text: Poitiers

text: Vienne

text: department

text: congenital

text: cataracts

text: Schubert

text: Paris Conservatoire

text: organist

text: Charles-Marie Widor

text: Saint-Sulpice

text: Notre-Dame de Paris

text: Marcel Dupré

text: Braille

text: René

text: Wanamaker Organ

text: Augustin Barié

text: Edward Shippen Barnes

text: Lili Boulanger

text: Nadia Boulanger

text: Marcel Dupré

text: André Fleury

text: Isadore Freed

text: Henri Gagnebin

text: Gaston Litaize

text: Édouard Mignan

text: Émile Poillot

text: Adrien Rougier

text: Alexander Schreiner

text: Georges-Émile Tanguay

text: Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur

text: Maurice Duruflé

text: César Franck

text: fin de siècle

text: organ symphonies

text: Carillon de Westminster

text: Vingt-quatre pièces en style libre

text: sonatas

text: piano quintet

text: string quartet

text: A minor

text: progressive rock

text: rock and roll

text: Pierre Cochereau

text: George C. Baker

text: Christine Kamp

text: Ben van Oosten

text: Wolfgang Rübsam

text: the six symphonies on YouTube

text: Günther Kaunzinger

text: Jeremy Filsell

text: Christopher Houlihan

text: Towerhill Recordings

text: Pierre Pincemaille

text: Opéra de Paris

text: Orchestre Philharmonique de Liège

text: Olivier Gardon

text: Alexis Galpérine

text: Stephen Coombs

text: Chilingirian Quartet

text: Tamara Atschba

text: , Louise Chisson

text: Olivier Gardon

text: Mireille Delunsch

text: Mireille Delunsch

text: Roger Vignoles

text: Logos Virtual Library

text: Vierne organ music videos from Tihany

categories: 19th-century classical composers,20th-century classical composers,French classical composers,Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery,French Romantic composers,20th-century male musicians,20th-century French composers,People from Poitiers,1937 deaths,Male organists,French classical organists,19th-century French composers,Pupils of Charles-Marie Widor,French male classical composers,Blind classical musicians,Cathedral organists,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,1870 births,Organ improvisers,Conservatoire de Paris alumni,Pupils of César Franck,Composers for pipe organ

paragraph: Louis Vierne

paragraph: Louis Victor Jules Vierne (8 October 1870 – 2 June 1937) was a French organist and composer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Louis Vierne was born in Poitiers, the capital of the Vienne department, nearly blind due to congenital cataracts, but at an early age was discovered to have an unusual gift for music. When he was only two years of age, he heard the piano for the first time: a pianist played him a Schubert lullaby, and after he had finished young Louis promptly began to pick out the notes of the lullaby on the piano.

paragraph: After completing school in the provinces, he entered the Paris Conservatoire. From 1892, he served as an assistant to the organist Charles-Marie Widor at the church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris. He subsequently became principal organist at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, a post he held from 1900 until his death in 1937.

paragraph: Vierne had a life that was physically and emotionally very difficult, with severe spiritual trials that are reflected in much of his music. His congenital cataracts did not make him completely blind, but he was what would be called today "legally blind." Early in his career, he composed on outsized manuscript paper, using "a large pencil" as his colleague Marcel Dupré recounted. Later in life, as his already limited sight continued to diminish, he resorted to Braille to do most of his work.

paragraph: He was deeply affected by a separation and subsequent divorce from his wife, and he lost both his brother René and his son Jacques to the battlefields of World War I. Though he held one of the most prestigious organ posts in France, the Notre-Dame organ was in a state of disrepair throughout much of his tenure at the instrument. He eventually undertook a concert tour of North America to raise money for its restoration. The tour, which included major recitals on the famous Wanamaker Organ in Philadelphia and its smaller sister instrument, the Wanamaker Auditorium Organ in New York City, was very successful, although the trip physically drained him.

paragraph: A street accident in Paris caused him to badly fracture his leg, and it was briefly thought that his leg would need to be amputated. The leg was saved, but his recovery, and the task of completely re-learning his pedal technique, took a full year during one of the busiest times of his life. Despite his difficulties, however, his students uniformly described him as a kind, patient and encouraging teacher. Among his pupils were Augustin Barié, Edward Shippen Barnes, Lili Boulanger, Nadia Boulanger, Marcel Dupré, André Fleury, Isadore Freed, Henri Gagnebin, Gaston Litaize, Édouard Mignan, Émile Poillot, Adrien Rougier, Alexander Schreiner, and Georges-Émile Tanguay.

paragraph: The government of France made Vierne a Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1931.

paragraph: Vierne suffered either a stroke or a heart attack (eyewitness reports differ) while giving his 1750th organ recital at Notre-Dame de Paris on the evening of 2 June 1937. He had completed the main concert, which members of the audience said showed him at his full powers ("as well as he has ever played"). Directly after he had finished playing his "Stele pour un enfant défunt" from his 'Triptyque' Op 58, the closing section was to be two improvisations on submitted themes. He read the first theme in Braille, then selected the stops he would use for the improvisation. He suddenly pitched forward, and fell off the bench as his foot hit the low "E" pedal of the organ. He lost consciousness as the single note echoed throughout the church. He had thus fulfilled his oft-stated lifelong dream — to die at the console of the great organ of Notre-Dame. Maurice Duruflé, another major French organist and composer, was at his side at the time of his death.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: Vierne had an elegant, clean style of writing that respected form above all else. His harmonic language was romantically rich, but not as sentimental or theatrical as that of his early mentor César Franck. Like all of the great "fin de siècle" French organists, Vierne's music was very idiomatic for his chosen instrument and has inspired most of the great Parisian organist-composers who followed him.

paragraph: His output for organ includes six organ symphonies, "24 Fantasy Pieces" (which includes his famous "Carillon de Westminster"), and "Vingt-quatre pièces en style libre", among other works. There are also several chamber works (sonatas for violin and cello, a piano quintet and a string quartet for example), vocal and choral music, and a Symphony in A minor for orchestra.

paragraph: In 2003 German progressive rock band recorded an 18-minute version of Vierne's Organ Symphony No. 3 in F♯ minor, for their album "Melancholia", remarking in the liner notes that "this symphony marks the beginning of a new movement, what we call 'rock and roll'."

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Organ

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Complete Organ Works: Pierre Cochereau & George C. Baker, organ; Solstice; 7 CDs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Complete Organ Works: Christine Kamp, organ; Festivo; 8 CDs completed of 10

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Complete Organ Works: Ben van Oosten, organ; MDG; 9 CDs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Complete Organ Works: Wolfgang Rübsam, organ; IFO Records, 2008); 8 CDs (in preparation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Complete Choral Works: Truro Cathedral Choir; Robert Sharpe & Christopher Gray; Regent Records (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Organ Symphonies Nos. 1-6: , organ; Aethon Recordings; the six symphonies on YouTube

paragraph: BULLET::::- Organ Symphonies Nos. 1-6: Martin Jean, organ; Loft Recordings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Organ Symphonies Nos. 1-6: David Sanger, organ; Meridian Recordings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Organ Symphonies Nos. 1-6: Günther Kaunzinger, organ; Koch-Schwann

paragraph: BULLET::::- Organ Symphonies Nos. 1-6: Jeremy Filsell, organ; Signum Classics

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Symphony for Organ: Christopher Houlihan, organ; Towerhill Recordings

paragraph: BULLET::::- 24 Pièces de fantaisie: Günther Kaunzinger, organ; Novalis; 2 CDs

paragraph: BULLET::::- 24 Pièces en style libre op. 31: Günther Kaunzinger, organ; Koch-Schwann; 2 CDs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Messe solennelle: Pierre Pincemaille (organ), "Ensemble de cuivres de l'Opéra de Paris", 1998 - Forlane 16786 .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Symphonie en la mineur, Poème pour piano et orchestre – François Kerdoncuff, piano; Orchestre Philharmonique de Liège; Pierre Bartholomée, conductor; Timpani (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: La Musique de chambre intégrale (The Complete Chamber Music) – François Kerdoncuff, piano; Olivier Gardon, piano; Alexis Galpérine, violin; Odile Carracilly, viola; Yvan Chiffoleau, cello; Christian Moreaux, oboe; Pascale Zanlonghi, harp; Quartour Phillips; 2 CDs; Timpani (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Piano Quintet op. 42: Stephen Coombs, piano; Chilingirian Quartet; Hyperion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Piano Quintet op.42: Tamara Atschba, Louise Chisson/nowiki, Matthias Adensamer, Alexander Znamensky, Christophe Pantillon; Gramola (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Preludes for piano op.38: Tamara Atschba; Gramola (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: L'œuvre pour piano (Works for Piano) – Olivier Gardon, piano; 2 CDs; Timpani (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Mélodies, "[Volume I]" – Mireille Delunsch, soprano; François Kerdoncuff, piano; Christine Icart, harp; Timpani (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Mélodies, Volume II – Mireille Delunsch, soprano; François Kerdoncuff, piano; Timpani (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Vierne: Songs: Rachel Santesso, soprano; Roger Vignoles, piano; Andrew Reid, organ; Hugh Webb, harp; Deux-Elles

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article on Vierne from Cathedral of Notre Dame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short film of

paragraph: BULLET::::- Performances of organ works by Louis Vierne in MP3 and MIDI formats at Logos Virtual Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vierne organ music videos from Tihany

description: French organist and composer

wikidata_label: Louis Vierne

wikipedia_title: Louis Vierne


text:
soul
rhythm and blues
Edmonton
Toronto
Bedouin Soundclash
Isis Salaam
Emmanuel Jal
CBC Radio 2
Radio 2 Top 20
CBC Radio One
Q
2016 Polaris Music Prize
CBC Kids
Global
Bomb Girls
Less Than Kind
Rookie Blue
Seed
Saving Hope
Tanika Charles
CBC Music

categories: Black Canadian women,Musicians from Edmonton,Canadian female singers,21st-century women singers,Canadian soul singers,Musicians from Toronto,Canadian contemporary R&B singers,21st-century Canadian singers,Living people,Black Canadian singers

paragraph: Tanika Charles

paragraph: Tanika Charles is a Canadian soul and rhythm and blues singer, who released her full-length debut album "Soul Run" in 2016.

paragraph: Formerly based in Edmonton, Alberta, Charles moved to Toronto, Ontario in the late 2000s after breaking up with her then-boyfriend. She performed as a backing vocalist for Bedouin Soundclash, Isis Salaam and Emmanuel Jal, and performed as a solo artist under the stage name Ms. Chawlz, before releasing her debut EP "What! What? What!?" in 2010.

paragraph: She released "Soul Run", the title track from her full-length album, as a preview single in fall 2015, and followed up with "Two Steps" in April 2016. Both singles were playlisted on CBC Radio 2, and charted on the "Radio 2 Top 20". The full album was released on May 10, and was supported by her first extensive concert tour and an advance appearance on CBC Radio One's "Q". In June, the album was named to the longlist for the 2016 Polaris Music Prize.

paragraph: Charles has also appeared on television both as a reoccurring guest on CBC Kids, and as a lounge singer on the Global drama series "Bomb Girls". Her music has been featured on HBO Canada's "Less Than Kind", Global's "Rookie Blue", Citytv's "Seed", and CTV's "Saving Hope".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tanika Charles at CBC Music

description: Canadian singer

wikidata_label: Tanika Charles

wikipedia_title: Tanika Charles


text:
tennis
Elizabeth, New Jersey
U.S. National Championships
Fred Alexander
Grand Slam History Profile
Tennis Archives Profile

categories: Tennis people from New Jersey,19th-century male tennis players,1969 deaths,Date of death missing,19th-century American people,American male tennis players,Sportspeople from Elizabeth, New Jersey,1879 births,United States National champions (tennis),Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles

paragraph: Harold Throckmorton

paragraph: Harold A. Throckmorton (April 12, 1897 – May 1958) was an American tennis player in the early 20th century.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born on April 12, 1897 in Elizabeth, New Jersey.

paragraph: He played intercollegiate tennis for Princeton. He was champion of the state of New Jersey. In 1917 he won the men's doubles titles at the U.S. National Championships with Fred Alexander.

paragraph: In 1918 he served in the artillery in the United States Army. After the war he became a businessman. He died on May 1958.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Slam History Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tennis Archives Profile

description: American tennis player

wikidata_label: Harold Throckmorton

wikipedia_title: Harold Throckmorton


text:
Canadian
filmmaker
planetarium
IMAX
Quebec
Canada
Neem Karoli Baba
David McClelland
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Octavio Paz
Chögyam Trungpa
Allen Ginsberg
Buckminster Fuller
Daniel Goleman
Larry Brilliant
Ram Dass
Concord Academy
New York University
Tisch School of the Arts
Pseudo.com
Pseudo
Silicon Alley
Merce Cunningham Dance Company
Rev Billy
Josh Harris
EBN
Marc Scarpa
DJ Spooky
Amp
MTV
VJ
Omnisensorialist
illbient
Soundlab
VJ
Vidvox LLC
VJ
Mexico
Puerto Rico
Norway
England
Italy
France
Greece
Portugal
Germany
Croatia
Switzerland
Animal Collective
Dan Deacon
Dirty Projectors
Flying Lotus
Four Tet
Grace Jones
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
JG Thirlwell
Kanye West
Laidback Luke
LL Cool J
Moby
Paul Oakenfold
Josh Harris'
New York City Police Department
New York City Fire Department
Federal Emergency Management Agency
We Live in Public
Sundance
NBC
MTV
VH1
PBS
Nickelodeon
Discovery
NY1
Showtime
History
broadcast design
Parsons School of Design
Southeast Asia
Tibet
Museum of Fine Arts
National Gallery of Australia
Asian Civilisations Museum
Rubin Museum of Art
Seattle Art Museum
Asia Society
PBS
WGBH Boston
American Public Television
PBS
Dalai Lama
Variety
Boston Globe
Film Threat
SonicVision
Hayden Planetarium
Moby
Molecularium Project
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
fulldome
planetarium
National Science Foundation
IMAX
IMAX
Nanotoon Entertainment
Ram Dass
Be Here Now
Ram Dass
HarperCollins
iPad
iPhone
Benton C Bainbridge
Google
Twitter
MySpace
MTV
Vh1
Gawker
WIRED
American Museum of Natural History
New York Hall of Science
Eyebeam Art and Technology Center
Beastie Boys
TV on the Radio
Canon
AM Only
Paramount Pictures
YoungArts
Beatport
Xi'an
Paramount Pictures
American Museum of Natural History
Rose Center for Earth and Space
Glowing Pictures
Nanotoon Entertainment

categories: Tisch School of the Arts alumni,Artists from Quebec,1972 births,Canadian video artists,Living people

paragraph: V. Owen Bush

paragraph: V. Owen Bush is a Canadian designer, producer, and filmmaker who uses immersion and participation to create transformative social experiences. His works have been seen worldwide in venues such as digital planetariums, live concerts and events, IMAX 3D, broadcast television, mobile devices, and the web.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Bush was born in Quebec, Canada. He was named "Vishwanath" upon his birth by Neem Karoli Baba, a renowned Hindu saint. Bush spent his young childhood with his parents in the communal home of David McClelland in Cambridge, Massachusetts where he met intellectual luminaries such as Octavio Paz, Chögyam Trungpa, Allen Ginsberg and Buckminster Fuller. Bush's three godparents are Daniel Goleman, Larry Brilliant and Ram Dass.

paragraph: Bush attended high school at Concord Academy. In 1995 he graduated from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts with a degree in Film and Television.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:Pseudo.

paragraph: As a producer at the innovative Pseudo.com, Bush created some of the first webcasts and viral videos of the early web in 1995 and 1996. Described in "The New York Times" as "the Warhol Factory of 1995", Pseudo established itself as the creative icon of New York's Silicon Alley with a series of live events and social experiments that either Bush produced or collaborated on. Bush and his work at Pseudo is extensively profiled in "Totally Wired: on the Trail of the Great Dotcom Swindle". Simon & Schuster. . Significant collaborations at Pseudo included the Merce Cunningham Dance Company, Rev Billy, Josh Harris, EBN, Marc Scarpa, DJ Spooky, and many others.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:MTV's "Amp".

paragraph: In 1996 Bush left Pseudo to help launch "Amp" on MTV, a weekly broadcast TV series of electronic music videos with millions of international viewers. "Amp" introduced much of the USA and global audiences to electronic music and VJ culture, it was described by "The New York Times" as "a kaleidoscope of computer animation, experimental photography and minimalism that looks more like the offerings of an underground film festival than those of a music network. Like the handiwork of a club disk jockey, many of the videos -- some as long as 12 minutes -- are blended together, fading into one another on similar images or sounds". As "Amp" associate producer, Bush created much of its programming and packaging.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:Art events.

paragraph: From 1994-2000, Bush was a principal player in the Omnisensorialist and Immersionist art movements which bridged the NY art boom of the 1980s to the dot-com boom of the 1990s. Bush participated in, designed and produced many multi sensorial pop-up events largely in Williamsburg, Brooklyn and downtown Manhattan, often in collaboration with ambient or illbient musicians and DJs. Throughout this period Bush collaborated with hundreds of artists and entertainers in groups such as Vapor Action, Floating Point Unit, Soundlab, Ongolia, Ovni, Fakeshop, Unity Gain, and Artificial TV.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:Visual Performance.

paragraph: Bush was an early innovator of the "VJ" medium, starting out with live camera, VHS tape and low resolution digital video. Over the years he has innovated and developed the medium, collaborating with the software design company Vidvox LLC, to develop visual performance tools. As a live video artist and VJ, Bush has toured with musicians, DJs and performing artists across the US, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Norway, England, Italy, France, Greece, Portugal, Germany, Croatia and Switzerland. He has performed at festivals such as Ultra Miami, EDC NY, Sun City Music Festival, Digital Dreams, Dreamhack and many others. Artists he has performed with include: Animal Collective, Dan Deacon, Dirty Projectors, Flying Lotus, Four Tet, Grace Jones, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, JG Thirlwell,Tiesto, Q-Tip, James Blake, Questlove, Adam Beyer, Chris Liebing, Krewella, Carnage, Anamanaguchi, . Kanye West, Laidback Luke, LL Cool J, Moby, Paul Oakenfold and many others.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:"Quiet!".

paragraph: In 1999, Bush was a lead producer of Josh Harris' "Quiet!" event, where over 100 people lived, ate, and slept together under constant video surveillance for one month before the event was shut down by the New York City Police Department, New York City Fire Department and Federal Emergency Management Agency on New Year's Day 2000. Bush and Gabrielle Latessa produced "Full", the dining experience which provided banquet breakfasts, lunches and dinners at no cost, to the temporary society of "podwellian dwellers" who were 24-hour residents of the "Quiet!" capsule hotel. Bush and his work on the "Quiet!" event are documented in the film, "We Live in Public", the winner of 2009 Sundance grand jury prize for best documentary.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:Broadcast design.

paragraph: Since 1997, Bush has developed broadcast television promos for NBC, MTV, VH1, PBS, Nickelodeon, Discovery, NY1, Showtime, History and others as a freelance broadcast designer.

paragraph: In 2001, Bush helped create the curriculum for the world's first master's degree in broadcast design as an adjunct professor at Parsons School of Design.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:"Journey into Buddhism".

paragraph: From 2000–2006, Bush was associate producer and associate editor of "Journey into Buddhism", a 4.5 hour series set in Southeast Asia and Tibet, directed by his father John Bush. Among the museums who have presented the documentary trilogy are the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the National Gallery of Australia, the Asian Civilisations Museum, the Rubin Museum of Art, the Seattle Art Museum, and the Asia Society in New York. In 2011, "Journey Into Buddhism" was broadcast across the USA on over 150 PBS stations, presented by WGBH Boston and American Public Television. The trilogy is distributed by PBS for home video The third film, "Vajra Sky Over Tibet", was endorsed by the Dalai Lama, called “an illuminating meditation” by Variety, “astonishingly lovely” by the Boston Globe and “best documentary of the year” by Film Threat.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:"SonicVision".

paragraph: In 2003, Bush was the editor and composite artist of "SonicVision", the full-dome visual music show developed for New York's Hayden Planetarium with a soundtrack mixed by Moby. Reviewed in "The New York Times" as "shorter than a concert but far longer than a thrill ride... it's a half-hour devoted to rapture, as both a sensory overload and a spiritual ideal". For over eight years, "SonicVision" was a cultural staple and tourist attraction in New York and many other cities around the world.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:Molecularium Project.

paragraph: Since 2003, Bush has directed the Molecularium Project, realizing the vision of 3 executive scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He is the co-writer and director of "Molecularium - Riding Snowflakes", a fulldome digital planetarium show funded by the National Science Foundation. "Molecularium - Riding Snowflakes" reinvents the dome venue, using character-based animation to take audiences into the nano-scale world of atoms and molecules. In September 2009, "Molecules to the MAX! 3D" opened for IMAX3D, IMAX Dome, and Giant-Screen film theaters. Bush is the director and co-writer of this animated large-format feature, and the president of its production company, Nanotoon Entertainment. Bush managed a team of over 150 skilled professionals, scientists, engineers and students in an unprecedented collaboration between creatives and educators. "Molecules" presents accurate molecular simulations in an immersive ultra high-definition format. "Molecules" and "Molecularium" have been versioned in seven languages and are in growing distribution to theaters, planetariums and museums worldwide. Bush is the co-producer, co-writer and director of "Nanospace" a virtual theme park of atoms and molecules, that launched in 2012 as an online hub for the Molecularium Project. Nanospace ignites learning in young minds through video-games, interactive activities, and short movies.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.:"Ram Dass - Love Serve Remember".

paragraph: In 2010 Bush produced, directed and edited "Ram Dass - Love Serve Remember". The short film is a 40th anniversary companion piece to Ram Dass' spiritual classic "Be Here Now". The film examines ego, awareness, truth and love as Ram Dass revisits his personal voyage of transformation. The film is distributed by HarperCollins Publishers in a trans-media strategy for the iPad and iPhone.

paragraph: Section::::Glowing Pictures.

paragraph: In 2004, Bush co-founded Glowing Pictures with Benton C Bainbridge. Glowing Pictures' work includes televised concerts, music videos, commercials, multimedia operas, and immersive visual environments. Glowing Pictures' is a Visual Experience company that collaborates with cultural institutions, performing artists and brands to create Immersive Wonder. Their work includes televised concerts, music videos, commercials, immersive experiences, brand activations and visual performances. Glowing Pictures' clients include Google, Twitter, MySpace, MTV, Vh1, Gawker, WIRED, American Museum of Natural History, New York Hall of Science, Tao Group, The Creators Project, Eyebeam Art and Technology Center, Dubspot, Beastie Boys, TV on the Radio, Canon, Flavorpill, AM Only, Paramount Pictures, YoungArts, Beatport, The New Museum, The New York Hall of Science The Cooper Hewitt Museum, and many others. Glowing Pictures has executed two large scale visual spectacles in Xi'an, China, and a two-hour epic audiovisual performance at Paramount Pictures. Glowing Pictures created the visual and projections design for Kaki King's "The Neck is a Bridge to the Body" tour which features a Projection Mapped guitar. Glowing Pictures contributed to the creative campaign for Google's Bay Area Challenge, projection mapping over 30 buildings and surfaces all over the Bay Area over 3 nights. Glowing Pictures' "The Future Starts Now" is an original 12 minute audiovisual immersive experience commissioned by Hartford CT's Mandell JCC to celebrate their 100th anniversary. Glowing Pictures created and teaches the Dubspot Visual Performance Program - a course in live audiovisual performance at New York City. Glowing Pictures are the resident visual designers of "One Step Beyond", a monthly live event at the American Museum of Natural History's Rose Center for Earth and Space that is in its tenth year of largely sold-out shows.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glowing Pictures

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nanotoon Entertainment

description: Canadian filmmaker

wikidata_label: V. Owen Bush

wikipedia_title: V. Owen Bush


text:
Finnish
ice hockey
Lahti Pelicans
Liiga
Liiga
Jokerit
2013-14 Liiga season

categories: Vaasan Sport players,Kokkolan Hermes players,Oulun Kärpät players,Kiekko-Vantaa players,HPK players,Finnish ice hockey players,Lahti Pelicans players,1993 births,Living people

paragraph: Aleksi Rekonen

paragraph: Aleski Rekonen (born July 23, 1993) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for Lahti Pelicans of the Finnish Liiga.

paragraph: Rekonen made his Liiga debut playing with Jokerit during the 2013-14 Liiga season.

description: Finnish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Aleksi Rekonen

wikipedia_title: Aleksi Rekonen


text:
Anglo-Irish
Sir John Freke, 1st Baronet
Irish House of Commons
Member of Parliament
Donegal Borough
Baltimore
John Evans
Baron Carbery
House of Lords
representative peer
Arthur Gore, 2nd Earl of Arran
George Evans-Freke

categories: 1845 deaths,Irish MPs 1783–1790,1765 births,Barons in the Peerage of Ireland,Irish representative peers,Anglo-Irish people,Irish MPs 1798–1800,Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Donegal constituencies,Irish MPs 1790–1797,Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies

paragraph: John Evans-Freke, 6th Baron Carbery

paragraph: John Evans-Freke, 6th Baron Carbery (11 November 1765 – 12 May 1845), styled Sir John Evans-Freke, 2nd Baronet between 1777 and 1807, was an Anglo-Irish politician and peer.

paragraph: He was the son of Sir John Freke, 1st Baronet. In 1777 he succeeded to his father's baronetcy. He served in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Donegal Borough between 1783 and 1790. He then represented Baltimore from 1790 to 1800. On 4 March 1807 he succeeded his first cousin once removed, John Evans, as Baron Carbery, and in 1824 was elected to the House of Lords as an Irish representative peer.

paragraph: On 25 January 1783 he married his cousin, Lady Catherine Charlotte Gore, the third daughter of Arthur Gore, 2nd Earl of Arran. He died without surviving male issue, and was succeeded in his titles by his nephew, George Evans-Freke.

description: Anglo-Irish politician and peer

wikidata_label: John Evans-Freke, 6th Baron Carbery

wikipedia_title: John Evans-Freke, 6th Baron Carbery


text:
frontman
South East England
musical improvisation
slide guitar
mandolin
Magna Carta
Mike Vernon
Eel Pie Island
Keef Hartley
Art Wood
Ritchie Blackmore
Alan Lancaster
Status Quo
George Young
The Easybeats
funk
David Knopfler
Mark Knopfler
Paul McCartney
Gary Moore
Albert Lee
Steve Marriott
fiddle
Dave Swarbrick
Tim Hinkley
Alan Glen
Gary Barnacle
Jon Astley
Alan Glen
Gary Barnacle
Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages
Jeff Beck
Jimmy Page
Alan Lancaster
David Knopfler
The Kinks
Carl Palmer
Gerry McAvoy
Jim Leverton
String Driven Thing
Ian Paice
Gordon Huntley
Supertramp
Rhythm and Blues
Nine Below Zero
Fender Stratocaster
Gibson SG Junior
Music man
Geoff Everett webpage

categories: English rock guitarists,Living people,Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages members

paragraph: Geoff Everett

paragraph: Geoff Everett is a rock-blues guitarist, vocalist and frontman from South East England, United Kingdom. He is best known as an experienced electric guitar player and for his musical improvisation. Everett also plays slide guitar, harmonica and mandolin.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Everett started playing guitar and singing when he was thirteen, playing at parties and local dances with his first group The Reminiscents. This band was formed with fellow school mates Lee Abbott (who later played with Magna Carta), Gary Pantry and Rob Jones. In 1967 Everett joined the Chicago Line Blues Band, a semi-pro band mentored by Mike Vernon and his brother Dick. They played venues such as the Eel Pie Island club in Twickenham, London. The Chicago Line Blues Band supported and occasionally jammed with musicians such as Keef Hartley, Art Wood and Ritchie Blackmore.

paragraph: In 1969, Everett joined a band from Earls Court, London but left soon afterwards to commence a project with Alan Lancaster who in turn would move on to concentrate on his work with Status Quo. Later on the members of the Chicago Line Blues Band became involved with the songwriting partnership of George Young and Harry Vander from The Easybeats.

paragraph: During the early 1970s Everett travelled around UK and internationally with country bands, also making money when at home by teaching classical guitar. In 1978 and still needing to fulfill his musical ambitions he formed the funk blues band Blind Eye with Tony Ellis from the Screaming Lord Sutch band.

paragraph: In the early 1980s, more UK and Scandinavian tours followed and Everett was asked by Tony Ellis to join The Cafe Racers which included rhythm guitarist David Knopfler, following the departure of his brother Mark Knopfler.

paragraph: At this time he joined Gerry McAvoy and Brendan O'Neil from the Rory Gallagher band in a three piece band called The Mosquitoes and played informal rhythm and blues gigs in pubs and clubs around London.

paragraph: Section::::1990s to present day.

paragraph: In the early 1990s, Everett formed a rock funk outfit called The Absolute who attracted a large following. During the late 1990s he toured with "A Band Named Sioux", The Cruising Mooses and The Rob King Band. The Mosquitoes also reformed as The Fabulous Mosquitoes. He also began to perform with his own Geoff Everett Band, which includes bassist Pete Shaw, also various drummers including Paul Robinson who has worked with Paul McCartney and Sam Kelly who played a short stint with Gary Moore.

paragraph: During 2009 and 2010 the Geoff Everett Band performed in the UK, Greece, France and the Netherlands. During 2011 the band released the album "Adult Show" and kenttv.com broadcast an earlier concert recorded in Meteor, Greece.

paragraph: In 2014 The Geoff Everett Band finished recording a studio album "The Quick and The Dead" which featured guitarist Albert Lee, drummer Brendan O'Neil and vocalist Mollie Marriott (daughter of Steve Marriott), fiddle player Dave Swarbrick, keyboardist Tim Hinkley, harmonica player Alan Glen and saxophonist Gary Barnacle. The album was mastered by Jon Astley and released in the same year.

paragraph: 2015 saw the release of Geoff Everett's studio CD album "Cut & Run".

paragraph: Also in 2015 the song "Bad Bad Man" from the album "The Quick and The Dead" was included on the Sci-Fi Horror film released by Universal Studios. The song is used as incidental music as Burt Gummer is flying into the exotic location of South Africa to scenes of wild African animals to fight a new batch of Graboids.

paragraph: 2018 has seen the release of Geoff Everett's Album "Night Patrol". The Album features harmonica player Alan Glen and saxophonist Gary Barnacle.

paragraph: Section::::Associations.

paragraph: Everett appeared in the line up of Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages (after the departure of Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page). Other associations include Alan Lancaster, David Knopfler, Bob Henrit from The Kinks, Sam Kelly, Jim Russell, Carl Palmer, Gerry McAvoy and Brendan O'Neil from the Rory Gallagher Band, Jim Leverton, Kim Beacon from String Driven Thing, Ian Paice, Gordon Huntley and Bobby Millar an early member of Supertramp.

paragraph: Section::::Collaborations.

paragraph: He wrote the song "Satellite Blues" for the Rhythm and Blues band Nine Below Zero's album "Off The Hook" (1992)

paragraph: Section::::Instruments.

paragraph: Everett is known for playing a rare Fender Stratocaster pre-CBS 1964 version and also two eighties models, using one for playing slide and the other for more robust playing. Other guitars used by Everett are a 1964 Gibson SG Junior and various makes dating from the 1950s. His main amplification is an early 1980s Music man guitar amp.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geoff Everett webpage

description: guitarist

wikidata_label: Geoff Everett

wikipedia_title: Geoff Everett


text:
Innsbruck
Brixen
Vienna
Laibach
Klagenfurt
Graz
Johann Nestroy
posses
Harlequin
Friedrich Schiller
Hofburgtheater
August von Kotzebue
Kasperle
Theater in der Leopoldstadt
Styria
Carinthia
Thaddädl
Staberl
Theater in der Josefstadt
Truffaldino
The Servant of Two Masters
Karl Meisl
nonsens
Carl Carl
Theater an der Wien
Johann Nestroy
Theater in der Leopoldstadt
Carltheater
double act
Arlecchino
Pantalone
Commedia dell’arte
Karl Valentin
Liesl Karlstadt
Laurel and Hardy
barber surgeon
Einen Jux will er sich machen
Treumann's
Hanswurst
National Guard
militia
1848 Revolution
Theater an der Wien
Hanswurst
one-line joke
pirouette
Karl Ludwig Costenoble
Josef Matras
one-act play
Carl-Theater
Johann Nestroy
Karl Treumann
Alois Grois
Carltheater
operette
Karl Haffner
Alfred Ritter von Franck
Carl Carl
k.k.
Burgtheater
Friedhof in Dornbach
Traunkirchen
safety curtain
Theater an der Wien
Nestroy
Raimund
The Magic Flute
Read online
volume 1
volume 2
volume 3
Paul Wertheimer
Knepler
Wenzel Scholz

categories: 1787 births,People from Innsbruck,1857 deaths,Austrian male stage actors

paragraph: Wenzel Scholz

paragraph: Wenzel Johann Scholz (Wenzislaus Johann, real name Wenzel von Plümeke) (28 March 1787 in Innsbruck, according to other sources Brixen – 5 October 1857 in Vienna) was an Austrian actor in Laibach, Klagenfurt, Graz and in Vienna above all ay the , who became known especially as brilliant partner of Johann Nestroy in his posses and s.

paragraph: Section::::Origin.

paragraph: In many biographies Maximilian Scholz (1744-1834) is mentioned as the father. His father, however, was the actor Leopold Scholz (1748-1826), who was possibly a brother or close relative of Maximilian. The error may result from the fact that both Scholz had a born Tilly as their wife.

paragraph: Section::::Debut.

paragraph: Scholz was an actor's child whose talent protested early against the forced profession of a merchant.

paragraph: He made his debut in 1811 at the age of 24 in his mother's theatre troupe in the role of Harlequin in Friedrich Schiller's "Turandot, Prinzessin von China" and then appeared predominantly in Laibach and Klagenfurt. In March 1815 he was engaged for several weeks at the Hofburgtheater in Vienna, his debut was as Traugott in August von Kotzebue's play "Bruderzwist oder die Versöhnung". Since his abilities were not recognized and he "soon felt the oppressiveness of the noble atmosphere", he became Kasperle, as his father proclaimed punitively. When Scholz realized that he was destined to be a comedian in the local business, he left the Burgtheater in September 1815 and gave a guest performance at the Theater in der Leopoldstadt. Since he was not engaged there despite good reviews, he returned to Klagenfurt, where he worked until 1819 mainly in batch and episode roles and as a young comedian, but great success already gave him some of his later Viennese shining roles. Scholz spent the next years with various theater troupes with whom he played in the Austrian provinces of Styria and Carinthia. In 1819 he succeeded in becoming an ensemble member at the theater in Graz for seven years, where he appeared as a comedian in Kasperle, Thaddädl and Staberl rolles.

paragraph: In 1826 Scholz went again to Vienna at the age of 39 to fulfill an engagement at the Theater in der Josefstadt where his first role was Truffaldino in Goldoni's "The Servant of Two Masters". From May 1827 he appeared at the Theater an der Wien and pleased audiences and critics as Staberl in Bäuerle's "". In 1826 Scholz achieved the final breakthrough to the popular folk comedian in the role of Klapperle in Karl Meisl's "Die schwarze Frau", a parody, in which he brought the audience to frenzy with a grotesquely drastic appearance with a bloated neck and "no voice" and according to contemporary witnesses after a nonsens-, he had to appear up to ten times on stage. His popularity "soon increased to worship" (Alexander von Weilen, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 1891).

paragraph: Section::::Scholz and Nestroy.

paragraph: Theatre director Carl Carl transferred Scholz to the Theater an der Wien, where he became the partner of Johann Nestroy from 1831. From 1832 to 1852 Scholz played at the Theater in der Leopoldstadt (from 1847 Carltheater). The many great successes of the famous duo came about because Nestroy wrote many roles for himself and his partner Scholz. Scholz's outward appearance, a stocky figure, a round, mostly motionless face with nimble, lively eyes and his mostly phlegmatic temperament, which stood in contrast to Nestroy, mainly contributed to the comic effect of his play. The combination Scholz/Nestroy can be compared with the famous double acts like Arlecchino and Pantalone in the Commedia dell’arte and later Karl Valentin and Liesl Karlstadt and also Laurel and Hardy.

paragraph: The interplay of Scholz and Nestroy became famous in ' (1833) with Scholz as Schneider Zwirn, director Carl Carl as Tischler Leim and Nestroy as Schuster Knieriem as "liederliches Handwerker-Kleeblatt", but also in Nestroy's "Eulenspiegel" adaptation (1835), in "Hutmacher und Strumpfwirker" (1837), as lord of Lips and locksmith Gluthammer in ' (1844), as servant Johann and clothes dealer Damian in ' (1835), as hairdresser slim and clothes cleaner Hutzibutz in ' (1837), as father and son Pfrim in ', in ' (1845), ' (1846, role of the intrigant Puffmann), ' (1847), as Holofernes in "" (1849) and as the barber surgeon Gabriel Brunner in "Kampl" (1852).

paragraph: In Nestroy's dialog drafts, the main characters are usually marked with "N." and "Sch", the initials of Nestroy and Scholz.

paragraph: Especially for the roles of stupid, foolish servant, Scholz was made as a phlegmatic gardener's assistant in Nestroy's "Der Talisman" (1840) or as a domestic servant "Melchior" (a role that Nestroy had written for Scholz) in "Einen Jux will er sich machen" (1842), who stupidly repeats the sentence: "Das is’ klassisch!" In a review on 14 July 1842 of a guest performance of this play in Prague, it was said:

paragraph: Especially besides Nestroy's cutting irony, Scholz's original harmlessness was indispensable, he opposed the mercurial technique Treumann's with his good-natured calm. "Johann Nestroy and Wenzel Scholz seemed to have divided themselves into the inheritance of the Hanswurst: all sharpness and mobility fell to Nestroy, all width and comfort came to Scholz. Nestroy always had to achieve his success, Scholz had already won when he appeared. Scholz was a representative of the responsible, tolerating, Nestroy a representative of the active, the attacking comedy" (Speidel).

paragraph: The play "Eulenspiegel oder Schabernack über Schabernack" was written by Nestroy in 1835 for his friend Scholz. It is remarkable that Nestroy did not play the title role himself, but chose a "fat one" for Eulenspiegel. He reserved to himself the role of the seemingly simple-minded boy Natzi, who was a forerunner of Willibald in ".

paragraph: A humorous painting from 1848 shows Scholz and Nestroy as an "unequal 4848" National Guard pair, a militia set up by the revolutionaries in Vienna at the beginning of the 1848 Revolution. The picture was an allusion to the political intermezzo of Nestroy during the Revolution, which was reflected in his farce with the song ", which had the events of the March Revolution as background and in which Nestroy and Scholz appeared together.

paragraph: Nestroy's farce in one act "Die Fahrt mit dem Dampfwagen" was premiered on 5 December 1834 at the Theater an der Wien for the benefit of his friend Scholz.

paragraph: Section::::Vis Comica.

paragraph: In his comedy, Scholz was the last representative of a naive burlesque comedy following Hanswurst. It was not until Scholz's late period that the drastic comic means were reduced in favor of a stronger internalization and psychological deepening, as in the role of the idealistic country doctor Gabriel Brunner in Nestroy's late work "Kampl" (1852), who wants to bring matters of love and inheritance from the high nobility to the locksmith into balance with brilliant one-line jokes, metaphors and raisonnements and as an ordering authority fights on the side of loyalty and good character.

paragraph: Despite his obesity, Scholz had a high degree of agility at his disposal. Contemporaries report of a daring leap, a pirouette, which Scholz still performed at an advanced age in Nestroy's farce "Der Unbedeutende" and which prompted the audience to ovations and applause.

paragraph: The Viennese court actor Karl Ludwig Costenoble wrote about Scholz: "" The man has an unspeakable power! He can repeat the most bland things three and four times - they never get boring, on the contrary, he recites one and the same idea or remark so differently in his keys that the laughter is always increased"". In his genre Scholz was unequalled until an equal successor was found in Josef Matras.

paragraph: On 28 March 1856 the anonymous one-act play "Wenzel Scholz und Die chinesische Prinzessin" was performed in the Carl-Theater on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Scholz searched in vain for an author to write a play for him and received a package containing only empty sheets. With the help of a few bottles of wine to "inspire" him, he decided to write the play himself and fell asleep over it. The dream led him to China, where he was to marry a princess and, exposed as a comedian, lose his life. Just in time he woke up and had the material he was looking for.

paragraph: This one-act play is testimony to the collaboration of the famous comedian quartet Johann Nestroy, Wenzel Scholz, Karl Treumann and Alois Grois at the Carltheater at a turning point from the comedy of the farcical , which ended with Scholz, to the 'new' comedy after 1850 on the way to operette.

paragraph: Karl Haffner made Scholz the hero of a drama ("Wenzel Scholz", a genre picture from the life of an artist with song and dance in three acts, 1858) and a folk novel.

paragraph: Section::::Private life.

paragraph: Scholz has been married twice. From the first marriage with Antonia Rupp, daughter of a printer, came two sons Eduard (d. 1844 at the age of 34), Anton (d. 1846, suicide) and two daughters Josephine Leeb and Karoline von Franck (married to Alfred Ritter von Franck), both of whom started a mediocre acting career. The marriage is not said to have been a happy one, as his wife was a squanderer. Six years later, after the death of his first wife in 1844, Scholz married Therese Miller for the second time at an advanced age. This second marriage remained childless. An illegitimate child Scholz' is verifiable.

paragraph: Privately, Scholz was serious and taciturn and only devoted to tobacco smoking and card game, where he regularly lost, but with great equanimity, although it plunged him into great financial hardship. Director Carl Carl knew how to cleverly compense Scholz's financial calamities by advances, loans, purchase of his benefit ideas etc. Only under Nestroy's direction did Scholz receive a corresponding remuneration.

paragraph: Scholz was the only one whom director Carl Carl considered in his will with a considerable sum as a pension. Nevertheless, this denied him the wish to participate in the k.k. Burgtheater, which at that time meant the culmination of an acting career.

paragraph: At the age of 70 Scholz died after a short illness. Contemporary witnesses report of enormous participation in the funeral, tens of thousands of Viennese are said to have given him the Funeral Procession to the old Friedhof in Dornbach, hundreds of staff followed the coffin. Johann Nestroy, his friend and partner of many years, travelled, however, not to have to attend the funeral, since he could not bear the thought of death. In 1900 Scholz's body was exhumed at the instigation of his granddaughter and reburied in Traunkirchen.

paragraph: Scholz is immortalized on the safety curtain of the Theater an der Wien next to Nestroy, Raimund and Mozart's The Magic Flute.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl Haffner, Adolf Müller (Music): "Wenzl Scholz. Skizzen aus dem Künstlerleben mit Gesang in drei Akten". Sommer (Druck), Wien 1859. – Read online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Haffner: "Scholz und Nestroy. Roman aus dem Künstlerleben". Drei Bände. Markgraf, Wien 1866 (Digitalisat volume 1, volume 2, volume 3)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantin von Wurzbach: Scholz, Wenzel. In "Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich". 31. Theil. Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien 1876,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scholz, Wenzel|Alexander von Weilen|ADB:Scholz, Wenzel}}

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Seyfried: "Wenzel Scholz". In: Paul Wertheimer (publisher): "Alt-Wiener Theater. Schilderungen von Zeitgenossen." Knepler, Wien 1920, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl Haffner: "Nestroy und Scholz. Zwei von Humor. Ein Stück Wiener Theatergeschichte um Nestroy und Scholz." Göth, Wien 1946.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ursula Deck: "Wenzel Scholz und das Alt-Wiener Volkstheater. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Wiener Volkskomik". Dissertation. Universität Wien, Wien 1968.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jürgen Hein (publisher): "Wenzel Scholz und Die chinesische Prinzessin". Quodlibet, volume 5, . Lehner, Wien 2003, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vlasta Reittererová: "Wenzel Scholz (1797–1857) – ein Wiener Komiker in Prag", .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wenzel Scholz on Wien Geschischte Wiki

description: Austrian actor

wikidata_label: Wenzel Scholz

wikipedia_title: Wenzel Scholz