text: Ixelles

text: Uccle

text: Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts

text: Jean Delvin

text: Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts

text: Jean-François Portaels

text: Prix Godecharle

text: École des Beaux-Arts

text: First World War

text: Canadian War Museum

text: Order of Leopold

text: Wu Zuoren

text: China Central Academy of Fine Arts

text: Canadian official war artists

text: War artist

text: War art

text: OCLC 220762013

text: "Historical Dictionary of Brussels."

text: OCLC 260107147

text: "Over the Top, Neuville-Vitasse," 1918

categories: 20th-century Belgian painters,Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts alumni,1955 deaths,Canadian war artists,People from Ixelles,Belgian war artists,1873 births,Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium

paragraph: Alfred Bastien

paragraph: Alfred Théodore Joseph Bastien (16 September 1873, in Ixelles – 7 June 1955, in Uccle) was a Belgian artist, academic, and soldier.

paragraph: He attended the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Ghent, where he studied with Jean Delvin. He then enrolled in the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, where he studied with Jean-François Portaels. He won the Prix Godecharle there in 1897. He traveled to Paris, where he enrolled in the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He was in Paris when hostilities broke out in what would become the First World War.

paragraph: Section::::War Artist.

paragraph: In July/August 1918, Lieutenant Bastien was attached as a war artist to the Canadian 22nd Battalion.

paragraph: Some of the work he created in this period is part of the Beaverbrook Collection of War Art at the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa.

paragraph: In the Belgian Army, after serving in the 'Garde Civique' like many other Belgians, Bastien fled to Great Britain after the fall of Antwerp in October 1914 and despite his age (43) volunteered for the Belgian Army. He was eventually transferred to the 'Section Artistique' in Nieuwpoort along with many of his pre-war artist friends and acquaintances. From 1915 onwards, he made many drawings and sketches of the situation on and behind the Belgian lines on the Yser river. The British war-time magazine 'the Illustrated War News', among others, regularly published his work, quite often in distinctive and semi-panoramic, multi-color two-page spreads. In 1917, on personal request by Lord Beaverbrook who owned several of Bastien's pre-war paintings, he was seconded to the Canadian Army until September 1918, during which time he produced many works of art specifically related to the Canadian war experience.

paragraph: After the war, Alfred Bastien painted a grand Panorama of the Yser Front in 19th century tradition, a project which he had been planning since 1914 and which, according to his own telling, had been suggested to him by King Albert in 1914. During his war-time service in the Belgian Army, Bastien made many sketches, drawings and photos which were later either incorporated into the Panorama itself or were useful studies in technique and effects. The 'Panorama de l'Yser' painting itself measured 115 meters in length and 14 meters in height and was initially exhibited in Brussels. In the mid 1920s, a permanent building was constructed in Ostend, Belgium to house the Panorama along with a multitude of props and decor. The intention of moving the Panorama to Ostend was to capture a share of British war-tourism, since most British coming to visit relatives' war graves arrived by steamer in Ostend before proceeding to the area of the Ypres Salient. The Panorama opened at Ostend in 1926.

paragraph: Financially the Panorama was great success, both for Bastien who received a tremendous fee for the painting, for the consortium of businessmen and banks which provided funds and capital and for the city of Ostend which provided real estate and a newly constructed building to house the Panorama. The initial investment was repaid many times over, from entrance fees and from (by modern standards) modest merchandising of postcards and prints. To give a relative idea of the finances involved, the actual cost of the painting materials (oil paint, linnen, brushes etc.) was estimated at around 40 000 BF, the cost to construct the new building at Ostend was 550 000 BF and Bastien's fee itself was set at 350 000 BF. Entrance fees for customers was 3 BF. While on exhibition in Brussels until 1925 it is estimated that more than 800 000 customers visited the Panorama, amongst them many of the crowned heads of Europe, presidents and foreign emperors alike, all to great acclaim by the news-media.

paragraph: In completing a work of such dimensions it is obvious that Bastien could not do all the painting himself. Several of his war-time friends and fellow artists from the 'Section Artistique' participated in this grand project. The initial sketching in of the broad outline in charcoal of the Panorama took about a week's time to complete, while the actual painting and varnishing took one year's time. The Panorama was set up in a circle, with paying spectators having a viewing place in the center. Careful attention was given to the lighting effects and the placement of objects in the foreground, in order to create a more believable optical illusion.

paragraph: Aside from his most famous 'Panorama de l'Yser', exhibited in Brussels, Bastien also created a smaller sized 'Panorama de la Bataille de la Meuse' in 1937 which showed an amalgam of scenes from the fighting in Namur and the Citadel of Dinant during August 1914. Part of this panorama which depicted the massacre of Belgian civilians in Dinant in August 1914, was deliberately destroyed by German authorities during the 1940-44 occupation.

paragraph: The 'Panorama de l'Yser' was heavily damaged in 1940 during a bombing raid by British aircraft. The museum was closed during the war years and the painting was exposed to all manner of adverse weather conditions. In 1951 the work was moved into the Royal Army Museum in Brussels where a preliminary restoration was undertaken. Afterwards it was exhibited in the Army Museum until 1980. Subsequently, the painting has remained in storage, awaiting further restoration and a definitive destination.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 : Grand officer in the Order of Leopold.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 : Member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Bastien joined the faculty of the academy in 1927; and he was a professor of painting until 1945. He served as director three times during these years.

paragraph: Among his students was Wu Zuoren (Wu Tso-jen), who would become head of the China Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian official war artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- War artist

paragraph: BULLET::::- War art

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mackerras, Colin and Amanda Yorke. (1991). "The Cambridge handbook of contemporary China." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; ; OCLC 220762013

paragraph: BULLET::::- State, Paul F. (2004). "Historical Dictionary of Brussels." Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ; OCLC 260107147

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Over the Top, Neuville-Vitasse," 1918

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Canadian Snipers, Beaurain-en artois," 1918

alias:
Alfred Theodore Joseph Bastien
Alfred Théodore Joseph Bastien
alfred bastien
a. bastien

description: painter

wikidata_label: Alfred Bastien

wikipedia_title: Alfred Bastien


text:
FRS
FSA
Tobago
St Mawes
Buckingham
Charlton
Sir William Young, 1st Baronet
Brook Taylor
Clare College, Cambridge
University College, Oxford
Tobago
St Mawes
Buckingham
fellow of the Royal Society
Society of Antiquaries
poor-law reform
income tax
slave trade
union with Ireland
Bryan Edwards
Brook Taylor
William Wilberforce
abolition of the slave trade
Governor of Tobago
Government House, Tobago
St George the Martyr
Queen Square, London
Peter Talbot
Archbishop of Dublin

categories: Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain,Sugar plantation owners,British MPs 1784–1790,British MPs 1790–1796,People from Kent (before 1889),UK MPs 1801–1802,UK MPs 1802–1806,People from Charlton, London,Fellows of the Royal Society,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall,1749 births,British MPs 1796–1800,UK MPs 1806–1807,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Governors of British Tobago,1815 deaths,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for constituencies in Cornwall

paragraph: Sir William Young, 2nd Baronet

paragraph: Sir William Young, 2nd Baronet, FRS, FSA (December 1749 – 10 January 1815) was a British colonial governor, politician and sugar plantation owner. He was the governor of Tobago from 1807 – January 1815, and Member of Parliament for St Mawes, 19 June 1784 – 3 November 1806, and Buckingham, 5 November 1806 – 23 March 1807.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Young was born in Charlton, then in Kent, now Greater London, in December 1749, the eldest son of Sir William Young, 1st Baronet (1724/5–1788), governor of Dominica, and his second wife, Elizabeth (1729–1801), the daughter of the mathematician Brook Taylor. His siblings included Sarah Elizabeth, Portia, Elizabeth, Mary, Henry, John, and Olivia. As a child, he and ten other family members were featured in the oil on canvas painting, "The Family of Sir William Young, Baronet" (ca.1766) by Johan Zoffany. He enrolled at Clare College, Cambridge in 1767 but transferred to University College, Oxford, on 26 November 1768. After graduating he travelled France and Italy and documented his travels. In 1777, he published "The spirit of Athens", an acclaimed insight into the political and philosophical history of Greece.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1782, Young he was appointed by the proprietors of the colony of Tobago to represent them in the French court to settle territorial disputes. He returned to England in 1784 where he settled and became an MP for St Mawes, Cornwall from 19 June, a seat which he held until 3 November 1806, when he was elected for Buckingham. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1786 and a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1791. In 1788, his father died and passed on four sugar plantations to his son—one in Antigua, two in St Vincent, and one in Tobago—and a total of 896 African slaves. His father had also been seriously in debt and left a sum of around £110,000 (£ in 2020 pounds) for his son to pay off. A secretary to the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa, Young spoke regular in parliament on poor-law reform, income tax, the slave trade, union with Ireland, foreign and colonial policy, and parliamentary reform.

paragraph: On 30 October 1791, Young took a vacation from British politics and departed on a trip for several months in which he explored Barbados, St Vincent, Tobago, and Grenada, failing to save his plantations from bankruptcy and learn about the sugar industry and slave trade in the West Indies. He later documented part of his travels in the appendix of the second edition of "An Historical Survey of the Island of Saint Domingo" by Bryan Edwards in 1801, a book in which he also served as chief editor. He printed a posthumous work of his grandfather, Brook Taylor, entitled "Contemplatio Philosophica" for private circulation in 1793, prefaced by a life of the author, and with an appendix containing letters by Bolingbroke, Bossuet, and others. Notable works by Young also included "The rights of Englishmen, or, The British constitution of government compared with that of a democratic republic" (1793); "Considerations on Poorhouses and Workhouses: their Pernicious Tendency" (1796), "Instructions for the Armed Yeomanry" (1797) and "The West Indian Commonplace Book" (1807).

paragraph: Young had reportedly been extremely well treated by his slaves, presenting him with gifts and putting on festivities for him. On returning home to England to resume his MP duties for St Mawes in 1792, he joined William Wilberforce and his fellows in the movement for the abolition of the slave trade. In 1807, he was appointed Governor of Tobago, a post which he retained until his death. He died on 10 January 1815 at Government House, Tobago.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On 12 August 1777, he married Sarah at St George the Martyr, Queen Square, London, the daughter and coheir of Charles Lawrence and his wife, Mary. They had four sons and two daughters. Sarah died in 1791 and Young remarried on 22 April 1793 at St George, Hanover Square, London, to Barbara, the daughter of Colonel Richard Talbot and his wife, Margaret, later Baroness Talbot of Malahide. Sarah's uncle was Peter Talbot, Archbishop of Dublin. She survived Young, dying 15 years later after his death in 1830.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

alias: Sir William Young of Delaford, 2nd Baronet

description: Governor of Tobago and Member of Parliament

wikidata_label: Sir William Young, 2nd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir William Young, 2nd Baronet


href: Niederlausitz Lauchhammer

text: Niederlausitz Lauchhammer

categories: 18th-century German businesspeople,1683 births,1776 deaths

paragraph: Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal

paragraph: Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal (1683-1776), was a German business person. She founded and managed an iron works on her estate Mückenberg from 1725 until 1776 and became the greatest entrepreneur in Niederlausitz. A street and a college in Lauchhammer, the "Freifrau-von-Löwendal-Gymnasium", were named after her.

wikidata_label: Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal

wikipedia_title: Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal


text: Post Master

text: Kaiserliche Reichspost

text: Spanish Netherlands

text: Leonhard II von Taxis

text: Gese Wechel

text: Dorothea Krag

categories: 17th-century German businesspeople,1666 deaths,German postmasters,1589 births

paragraph: Alexandrine von Taxis

paragraph: Alexandrine von Taxis (1 August 1589 - 26 December 1666), was a German business person. She served as Imperial General Post Master of the "Kaiserliche Reichspost", the General Post Office of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Post Master of the Spanish Netherlands, from 1628 until 1646. She was married to Leonhard II von Taxis. When he died, she took over his office until her son Lamoral II Claudius Franz, Count of Thurn and Taxis was old enough and educated enough to take office.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gese Wechel, Swedish equivalent

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorothea Krag, Danish equivalent

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolfgang Behringer, "Thurn und Taxis". Piper, München/Zürich 1990, .

wikidata_label: Alexandrine Taxis

wikipedia_title: Alexandrine von Taxis


text:
skier
1924 Winter Olympics
1928 Winter Olympics

categories: Olympic cross-country skiers of France,Ski jumpers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Nordic combined skiers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Olympic ski jumpers of France,Nordic combined skiers at the 1928 Winter Olympics,1949 deaths,1900 births,French male ski jumpers,French male Nordic combined skiers,French male cross-country skiers,People from Chamonix,Olympic Nordic combined skiers of France,Ski jumpers at the 1928 Winter Olympics,Cross-country skiers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Cross-country skiers at the 1928 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Martial Payot

paragraph: Martial Payot (18 February 1900 – 13 October 1949) was a French skier. He competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics and the 1928 Winter Olympics.

description: French ski jumper

wikidata_label: Martial Payot

wikipedia_title: Martial Payot


categories: 1946 deaths,Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Poland,Ski jumpers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Nordic combined skiers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Olympic cross-country skiers of Poland,1903 births,Polish male cross-country skiers,Sportspeople from Zakopane,Polish male Nordic combined skiers,Olympic ski jumpers of Poland,Ski jumpers at the 1928 Winter Olympics,Cross-country skiers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Polish male ski jumpers

paragraph: Andrzej Krzeptowski (born 1903)

paragraph: Andrzej Krzeptowski (29 July 1903 – 26 February 1946) was a Polish skier. He competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics and the 1928 Winter Olympics.

description: Polish sportsperson and ski jumper

wikidata_label: Andrzej Krzeptowski I

wikipedia_title: Andrzej Krzeptowski (born 1903)


text: Catholic Church

text: Holy See

text: Gdańsk

text: Archdiocese of Gdańsk

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: Liberia

text: Titular Archbishop

text: Otricoli

text: Kazimierz Nycz

text: Cathedral of Oliwa

text: Pope Francis

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: the Gambia

text: Sierra Leone

text: Panama

categories: Apostolic Nuncios to Liberia,Apostolic Nuncios to Sierra Leone,Apostolic Nuncios to the Gambia,Apostolic Nuncios to Panama,1962 births,Living people

paragraph: Mirosław Adamczyk

paragraph: Mirosław Adamczyk (born 16 July 1962) is a Polish prelate of the Catholic Church wo works in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mirosław Adamczyk was born on 16 July 1962 in Gdańsk. He was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Gdańsk on 16 May 1987. He earned a degree in canon law and joined the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 July 1993. His early assignments took him to Madagascar, India, Hungary, Belgium, South Africa, and Venezuela.

paragraph: On 22 February 2013, Pope Benedict XVI appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Liberia and Titular Archbishop of Otricoli. He received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Kazimierz Nycz on 27 April in the Cathedral of Oliwa.

paragraph: Later in the year, Pope Francis gave him additional responsibilities as Apostolic Nuncio to the Gambia on 8 June and to Sierra Leone on 21 September.

paragraph: On 12 August 2017, Pope Francis appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Panama.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy: Archbishop Mirosław Adamczyk

description: Polish priest

wikidata_label: Mirosław Adamczyk

wikipedia_title: Mirosław Adamczyk


text: Catholic Church

text: Holy See

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: Vailate

text: Province of Cremona

text: Diocese of Cremona

text: Secretariat of State

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Titular Archbishop

text: Vibiana

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: Cameroon

text: Equatorial Guinea

text: Angelo Sodano

text: Cathedral of Cremona

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Paraguay

categories: Apostolic Nuncios to Cameroon,1948 births,People from the Province of Cremona,Apostolic Nuncios to Paraguay,Apostolic Nuncios to Equatorial Guinea

paragraph: Eliseo Antonio Ariotti

paragraph: Eliseo Antonio Ariotti (born 17 November 1948) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who works in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He has been Apostolic Nuncio to Paraguay since 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Eliseo Antonio Ariotti was born on 17 November 1948 in Vailate, Province of Cremona, Italy. He was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Cremona on 7 May 1975. He entered the Vatican’s diplomatic service on 10 May 1984 and served in Uganda, Syria, Malta, the United States, and in Rome in the offices of the Secretariat of State, followed by an assignment in Spain and three years in France.

paragraph: On 17 July 2003, Pope John Paul II appointed him Titular Archbishop of Vibiana and Apostolic Nuncio to Cameroon. On 5 August 2003, John Paul named him Apostolic Nuncio to Equatorial Guinea as well. He received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Angelo Sodano on 5 October on the Cathedral of Cremona.

paragraph: On 5 November 2009, Pope Benedict XVI appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Paraguay.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy: Archbishop Eliseo Antonio Ariotti

description: Italian priest

wikidata_label: Eliseo Antonio Ariotti

wikipedia_title: Eliseo Antonio Ariotti


text: Catholic Church

text: Holy See

text: Madrid

text: Spain

text: Ángel Suquía Goicoechea

text: Nicaragua

text: South Africa

text: Lebanon

text: Secretariat of State

text: North Africa

text: Arabian Peninsula

text: Pope Francis

text: titular archbishop

text: Algeria

text: apostolic nuncio

text: Jordan

text: Iraq

text: Pietro Parolin

text: Biographical article

categories: Living people,Apostolic Nuncios to Jordan,1962 births,Apostolic Nuncios to Iraq,People from Madrid,Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni

paragraph: Alberto Ortega Martín

paragraph: Alberto Ortega Martín (born 14 November 1962) is a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who works in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alberto Ortega Martín was born in Madrid, Spain, on 14 November 1962. He was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Madrid on 28 April 1990 by Cardinal Ángel Suquía Goicoechea.

paragraph: On 1 July 1997, he joined the diplomatic service of the Holy See and worked in Nicaragua, South Africa, and Lebanon. Beginning in 2004 he worked in Rome at the Secretariat of State, where in 2007 he was given responsibility for the Holy See's representation in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

paragraph: On 1 August 2015, Pope Francis appointed him titular archbishop of Midila (Algeria) and apostolic nuncio to Jordan and Iraq. He received his episcopal consecration on 19 October 10 from Cardinal Pietro Parolin.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy: Archbishop Alberto Ortega Martín

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical article

wikidata_label: Alberto Ortega Martín

wikipedia_title: Alberto Ortega Martín


text: Chipping Barnet

text: Kentish Town

text: Edward Cheeseman

text: Henry VII

text: Robert Cheeseman

text: Chalk Farm

text: almshouses

text: Kentish Town

text: Eleanor Palmer Trust official website.

categories: 1558 deaths,Year of birth missing,Kentish Town,English philanthropists,Chipping Barnet

paragraph: Eleanor Palmer

paragraph: Eleanor Palmer (died 1558) was an English philanthropist who established a charity to help the poor of Chipping Barnet and Kentish Town, now parts of London. Her charity still exists and owns and runs almshouses and residential homes for the elderly.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: She was the daughter of Edward Cheeseman (died 1510), a lawyer and administrator who became Cofferer and Keeper of the Wardrobe to King Henry VII, and his wife Joan Lawrence (died 1536). Her brother was Robert Cheeseman (1485-1547), a member of Parliament for Middlesex.

paragraph: Her first husband was Edward Taylor (died 1509) and her second husband was John Palmer (died 1542), younger son of Richard Palmer and his wife Margery Harthill. He held the manor of Rugmere, which is now the district of Chalk Farm, and she held lands in the manors of Tottenhall and Cantlowes.

paragraph: She is reported to have had had eight children, of which those with John Palmer known to have married are:

paragraph: She died on 29 February 1558, and was buried in St John the Baptist Church, Chipping Barnet.

paragraph: Section::::Her charity.

paragraph: Her memorial plaque in Chipping Barnet church records that she "Dyd geve tow acares of medow ground in Kentishe towne holden of ye prebent of cantelous unto yet use of the poore of this town and of Kentishtowne for ever". (Did give two acres of meadow ground in Kentish Town held from the Prebend of Cantlowes for the use of the poor of this town ("that is Chipping Barnet") and of Kentish Town for ever.)

paragraph: Her charity is today run as two separate funds, the Eleanor Palmer Trust in Chipping Barnet and East Barnet, and The Estate Charity of Eleanor Palmer in Kentish Town. Rents from land owned by the charity support its activities and the trust additionally owns and runs almshouses and residential accommodation for the elderly. In 1999, The Samuel and Rebecca Byford Charity of Chipping Barnet was merged into the Eleanor Palmer Trust.

paragraph: Eleanor Palmer Primary School in Kentish Town is built on land she gave.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor Palmer Trust official website.

wikidata_label: Eleanor Palmer

wikipedia_title: Eleanor Palmer


text:
New Hartford, NY
Sherburne, Massachusetts
Jaffrey
Cheshire County
New Hampshire
Sangerfield, NY
Skaneateles Lake
Revolutionary War
Mason
Forest Hill Cemetery, Utica
Sangertown Square
Lexington Alarm
Paterson's Regiment
7th Continental Regiment
Jaffrey, New Hampshire

categories: 1751 births,American Freemasons,1829 deaths,Continental Army officers from Massachusetts

paragraph: Jedediah Sanger

paragraph: Colonel Jedediah Sanger (1751–1829) was the founder of the Town of New Hartford, NY. He was a native of Sherburne, Massachusetts. Born in February 1751, he was the ninth child of Richard and Deborah Sanger. In 1782, he purchased a farm in Jaffrey, Cheshire County, New Hampshire. Two years later, a fire destroyed his property leaving him bankrupt. In 1788 was able to leave New Hampshire and settled on the land that became New Hartford. The Town of Sangerfield, NY was also named after him as he owned much of the land there. He built the first mills in New Hartford, and in 1796 erected the first grist and saw mills at the outlet of Skaneateles Lake. He was one of the principal proprietors of the "Paris Furnace," which went into operation in 1801. In 1805, he engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods. He was New Hartford Town Supervisor, a member of the State Legislature for eleven years, and was appointed the First Judge of Oneida County at its organization.

paragraph: Sanger was married, first in May, 1771, to Sarah Rider, by whom he had four children. She died September 26, 1814, and on August 31, 1815, he married Sarah B. Kissam, who died April 23, 1825. October 3, 1827, he married, third, Fanny Dench.

paragraph: Sanger was also a Revolutionary War soldier and a Mason. He is buried at the Forest Hill Cemetery, Utica, NY.

paragraph: Sangertown Square, a regional shopping mall in New Hartford is named after him as is the New Hartford High School yearbook, the "Jedediac".

paragraph: Section::::Revolutionary War.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Massachusetts Private, Lexington Alarm April 1775;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd lieutenant of Paterson's Regiment (1st Massachusetts Regiment) April 12, 1775

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd lieutenant 7th Continental Regiment January–December 1776

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cont. Massachusetts Militia 1777–1781.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war.

paragraph: Sanger learned the saddler's trade and worked in this business in Jaffrey, New Hampshire for two years until all his property was lost in a fire; this provided the impetus to move to New York.

wikidata_label: Jedediah Sanger

wikipedia_title: Jedediah Sanger


text: Roman Emperor

text: Year of the Five Emperors

text: Pertinax

text: Didius Julianus

text: Septimius Severus

text: Antioch

text: Roman senator

text: Egypt

text: Dacia

text: Commodus

text: Suffect consul

text: imperial legate

text: Syria

text: Pertinax

text: Didius Julianus

text: Rome

text: centurion

text: Antioch

text: cognomen

text: Gaius Fulvius Plautianus

text: Asiatic provinces

text: proconsul

text: Asellius Aemilianus

text: Byzantium

text: Egypt

text: Legio II Traiana Fortis

text: Syria

text: Arabia Petraea

text: Melitene

text: Thrace

text: Lucius Fabius Cilo

text: Perinthus

text: Tiberius Claudius Candidus

text: Sea of Marmara

text: Cyzicus

text: Nicaea

text: Nicaea

text: Taurus Mountains

text: Laodicea

text: Tyre

text: Arabia

text: Publius Cornelius Anullinus

text: Issus

text: Antioch

text: Parthia

text: Clodius Albinus

text: Historia Augusta

text: cognomen

text: The Fall of The Roman Empire

text: Douglas Wilmer

text: Didius Julianus

text: Eric Porter

text: Abdsamiya

text: Cassius Dio

text: "Roman History", Books 74 & 75

text: Herodian

text: "Roman History", Books 2 & 3

text: Historia Augusta

text: "Life of Pescennius Niger"

text: Pescennius Niger at Livius.Org

categories: 2nd-century births,Roman governors of Syria,People from Roman Anatolia,194 deaths,Deaths by decapitation,Annii,Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome

paragraph: Pescennius Niger

paragraph: Pescennius Niger (; c. 135/140 – 194) was Roman Emperor from 193 to 194 during the Year of the Five Emperors. He claimed the imperial throne in response to the murder of Pertinax and the elevation of Didius Julianus, but was defeated by a rival claimant, Septimius Severus, and killed while attempting to flee from Antioch.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Although Niger was born into an old Italian equestrian family, around the year 135, he was the first member of his family to achieve the rank of Roman senator. Not much is known of his early career; it is possible that he held an administrative position in Egypt, and that he served in a military campaign in Dacia early in Commodus’ reign. During the late 180s, Niger was elected as a Suffect consul, after which Commodus made him imperial legate of Syria in 191.

paragraph: He was still serving in Syria when news came through firstly of the murder of Pertinax, followed by the auctioning off of the imperial title to Didius Julianus. Niger was a well regarded public figure in Rome and soon a popular demonstration against Didius Julianus broke out, during which the citizens called out for Niger to come to Rome and claim the imperial title for himself. As a consequence, it is alleged that Julianus dispatched a centurion to the east with orders to assassinate Niger at Antioch.

paragraph: The result of the unrest in Rome saw Niger proclaimed Emperor by the eastern legions by the end of April 193. On his accession, Niger took the additional cognomen "Justus", or "the Just". Although imperial propaganda issued on behalf of Septimius Severus later claimed that Niger was the first to rebel against Didius Julianus, it was Severus who persisted, claiming the imperial title on April 9. Although Niger sent envoys to Rome to announce his elevation to the imperial throne, his messengers were intercepted by Severus. As Niger began bolstering his support in the eastern provinces, Severus marched on Rome which he entered in early June 193 after Julianus had been murdered.

paragraph: Section::::Septimius Severus and Niger.

paragraph: Severus wasted no time consolidating his hold on Rome, and ordered his newly appointed prefect of the watch, Gaius Fulvius Plautianus to capture Niger’s children and hold them as hostages. Meanwhile, Niger was busy securing the support of all of the governors in the Asiatic provinces, including the esteemed proconsul of Asia, Asellius Aemilianus, who had occupied Byzantium in the name of Niger. He then proceeded to secure direct control over Egypt, while Severus did as much as he could to protect the wheat supply, and ordered troops loyal to him to keep watch on the western border of Egypt and prevent the legion stationed there -- Legio II Traiana Fortis -- from sending military aid to Niger.

paragraph: Although these lands contained great wealth, Niger's military resources were inferior to Severus’. While Severus had the sixteen Danubian legions at his disposal, Niger possessed only six: three in Syria, the two stationed in Arabia Petraea, and one located at Melitene. Niger therefore decided to act aggressively, and sent a force into Thrace where it defeated a part of Severus’ army under Lucius Fabius Cilo at Perinthus.

paragraph: Severus now marched from Rome to the east, sending his general Tiberius Claudius Candidus ahead of him. Niger, having made Byzantium his headquarters, gave Asellius Aemilianus the task of defending the southern shore of the Sea of Marmara. As Severus approached, he offered Niger the opportunity to surrender and go into exile, but Niger refused, trusting in the outcome of a military encounter. In the fall of 193, Candidus met Aemilianus in battle at Cyzicus, resulting in Niger’s forces being defeated as well as the capture and death of Aemilianus. Byzantium was now placed under siege, forcing Niger to abandon the city and retreat back to Nicaea. The city remained loyal to Pescennius Niger, and it would take Severus until the end of 195 to finally capture Byzantium.

paragraph: Another battle took place outside of Nicaea in later December 193, which also resulted in a defeat for Niger. Nevertheless, he was able to withdraw the bulk of his army intact to the Taurus Mountains, where he was able to hold the passes for a few months as Niger returned to Antioch. However, the problem now for Niger was that his support in Asia was falling. Some cities previously loyal to Niger decided that it was time to change their allegiance, in particular Laodicea and Tyre. By February 13, 194, Egypt had declared for Severus, as had the imperial legate of Arabia, further diminishing Niger’s chances.

paragraph: After Severus had replaced Candidus with another general, Publius Cornelius Anullinus, Niger met Anullinus in battle at Issus in May 194, where after a long and hard-fought struggle, Pescennius Niger was decisively defeated. Forced to retreat to Antioch, Niger was captured while attempting to flee to Parthia. Niger was beheaded, and his severed head was taken to Byzantium, but the city refused to surrender. Eventually, Severus stormed and completely destroyed Byzantium before he had it rebuilt. Niger’s head eventually found its way to Rome where it was displayed.

paragraph: After his victory in the east, Severus punished all of Niger’s supporters. He also had Niger’s wife and children put to death, while his estates were confiscated.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: The name "Niger" means "black", which incidentally, contrasts him with one of his rivals for the throne in 194, Clodius Albinus, whose name means "white". According to the Historia Augusta, his cognomen of "Niger" was given due to his black neck, which contrasted with the rest of his body.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: In the movie The Fall of The Roman Empire Niger is played by Douglas Wilmer and depicted as a scheming henchman of Commodus. At the end of the movie, Niger and Didius Julianus, played by Eric Porter, another crony of Commodus, compete against each other in the auction for the throne of Rome.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abdsamiya

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cassius Dio, "Roman History", Books 74 & 75

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herodian, "Roman History", Books 2 & 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia Augusta, "Life of Pescennius Niger"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southern, Pat. "The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine", Routledge, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Potter, David Stone, "The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395", Routledge, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bowman, Alan K., "The Cambridge Ancient History: The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193-337", Cambridge University Press, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.roman-emperors.org/pniger.htm Meckler, Michael L, "Pescennius Niger (193-194 A.D.)", "De Imperatoribus Romanis" (1998)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pescennius Niger at Livius.Org

description: Roman emperor

wikidata_label: Pescennius Niger

wikipedia_title: Pescennius Niger


text: Roman

text: Western Roman Emperor

text: Britannia

text: Gaul

text: Gaul

text: Western Roman Emperor

text: Honorius

text: Roman Britain

text: Marcus

text: Gratian

text: Constantine the Great

text: Channel

text: Bononia

text: barbarian

text: Vandal

text: Burgundians

text: Alans

text: Sueves

text: crossed the Rhine

text: Mainz

text: Western Roman Empire

text: Honorius

text: Stilicho

text: magister militum

text: Sarus the Goth

text: Iustinianus

text: Frank

text: Nebiogastes

text: Valence

text: Edobichus

text: Gerontius

text: Italy

text: Alpine

text: Bagaudae

text: Arles

text: Apollinaris

text: Sidonius Apollinaris

text: Hispania

text: House of Theodosius

text: pincer manoeuvre

text: Constans

text: monastery

text: Caesar

text: Didymus

text: Verinianus

text: Lagodius

text: Theodosiolus

text: Rome

text: Constantinople

text: Saragossa

text: Ticinum

text: Pavia

text: Ravenna

text: Gothic

text: Alaric

text: consuls

text: Pyrenees

text: Maximus of Hispania

text: Saxon

text: pirate

text: Armorica

text: Vienne

text: Decimus Rusticus

text: Jovinus

text: Rhineland

text: Constantius III

text: Franks

text: Ravenna

text: Carthage

text: Athaulf

text: Visigoth

text: Procopius

text: King of the Britons

text: Welsh

text: Geoffrey of Monmouth

text: Historia Regum Britanniae

text: Gracianus Municeps

text: Constans

text: Aurelius

text: Uther

text: Cornish

text: Custennin Gorneu

text: End of Roman rule in Britain

text: Zosimus

text: Historia Nova

text: Orosius

text: Geoffrey of Monmouth

text: Historia Regum Britanniae

text: Constantine Corneu

text: Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin

text: John Morris

categories: 411 deaths,Claudii,Executed Roman emperors,Ancient Romans in Britain,Flavii,4th-century births,5th-century murdered monarchs,Imperial Roman consuls,Ancient Roman generals,Arthurian characters,British traditional history,5th-century Roman usurpers,Characters in works by Geoffrey of Monmouth,People executed by the Roman Empire

paragraph: Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)

paragraph: Flavius Claudius Constantinus, known in English as Constantine III (died shortly before 18 September 411) was a Roman general who declared himself Western Roman Emperor in Britannia in 407 and established himself in Gaul. He was co-emperor from 409 until 411.

paragraph: Constantine rose to power during a bloody struggle in Roman Britain and was acclaimed emperor by the local legions in 407. He promptly moved to Gaul, taking all of the mobile troops from Britain, to confront the various Germanic invaders who had crossed the Rhine the previous winter. Constantine gained the upper hand after several battles with the forces of the Western Roman Emperor Honorius. As a result, Honorius recognised Constantine as co-emperor in 409. The activities of the invading tribes, raids by Saxons on the near-defenseless Britain and desertions by some of his top commanders led to a collapse of support. After further military setbacks he abdicated in 411. He was captured and executed shortly afterwards.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 406, the provinces of Roman Britain revolted. The garrisons had not been paid and had determined to choose their own leader. Their first two choices, Marcus and Gratian, did not meet their expectations and were killed. Fearful of a Germanic invasion and desperate for some sense of security in a world that seemed to be rapidly falling apart, the Roman military in Britain sought greater security in strong and able military leadership and chose as their leader a man named after the famed emperor of the early fourth century, Constantine the Great, who had himself risen to power through a military coup in Britain. Constantine was a common soldier, but one of some ability. Early in 407, they acclaimed him as emperor.

paragraph: Constantine moved quickly. He crossed the Channel at Bononia (Boulogne) and (historians have assumed) took with him all of the mobile troops left in Britain, thus denuding the province of any first line military protection and explaining the disappearance of the legions from Britannia in the early fifth century. The Roman forces in Gaul (modern France) declared for him, followed by most of those in Hispania (modern Spain). On 31 December 406 several tribes of barbarian invaders, including the Vandals, the Burgundians, the Alans and the Sueves had crossed the Rhine, perhaps near Mainz, and overrun the Roman defensive works in a successful invasion of the Western Roman Empire.

paragraph: Constantine's forces won several confrontations with the Vandals and quickly secured the line of the Rhine. The sitting Western emperor, Honorius, ordered Stilicho, his leading general, or "magister militum", to expel Constantine. Sarus the Goth, a commander of Honorius, defeated two of Constantine's generals, Iustinianus and the Frank Nebiogastes, who were leading the vanguard of his forces. Constantine's lieutenant, Nebiogastes, was first trapped in, then killed outside, Valence. Constantine sent another army headed by Edobichus and Gerontius, and Sarus retreated into Italy, needing to buy his passage through the Alpine passes from the brigand Bagaudae, who controlled them. With these advances, Constantine controlled all of Gaul and garrisoned the Alpine passes into Italy. By May 408 he had made Arles his capital, where he appointed Apollinaris, the grandfather of Sidonius Apollinaris, as prefect.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Recognition as co-emperor.

paragraph: In the summer of 408, the Roman forces in Italy assembled to counterattack. Hispania was a stronghold of the House of Theodosius and loyal to the ineffectual Honorius. Constantine feared that Honorius' cousins would organise an attack from that direction while troops under Sarus and Stilicho attacked him from Italy in a pincer manoeuvre. He struck first at Hispania. He summoned his eldest son, Constans, from the monastery where he was dwelling, elevated him to Caesar, and sent him with the general Gerontius towards Hispania, where they defeated the cousins of Honorius with little difficulty; twoDidymus and Verinianuswere captured, and two others — Lagodius and Theodosiolus — escaped, Lagodius to Rome and Theodosiolus to Constantinople.

paragraph: Constans left his wife and household at Saragossa under the care of Gerontius and returned to Arles to report to his father. Meanwhile, the loyalist Roman army mutinied at Ticinum (Pavia) on 13 August, which was followed by the execution of Honorius' general Stilicho on 22 August. Intrigue within the Imperial court caused the general Sarus and his men to abandon the western army. This left Honorius in Ravenna without any significant military power, and facing a Gothic army under Alaric that roamed unchecked in northern Italy. So, when Constantine's envoys arrived to parley, the fearful Honorius recognised Constantine as co-emperor, and the two were joint consuls for the year 409.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:March on Italy.

paragraph: That year was Constantine's high-water mark. While he had been fighting Honorius' armies, some of the Vandal tribes had overrun Constantine's Rhine defenses and spent two years and eight months burning and plundering their way through Gaul. The tribes reached the Pyrenees, where they broke through Constantine's garrisons and entered Hispania. Constantine prepared to send his son Constans back to deal with this crisis when word came that his general Gerontius had rebelled, raising his relative, Maximus of Hispania, as co-emperor. Despite Constantine's best efforts, the feared attack from Hispania come the following year, when Gerontius advanced with the support of his barbarian allies.

paragraph: At about the same time Saxon pirates raided Britain, which Constantine had left defenceless. Distressed that Constantine had failed to defend them, the Roman inhabitants of Britain and Armorica (Brittany) rebelled and expelled his officials.

paragraph: Constantine's response to this tightening circle of enemies was a final desperate gamble. Encouraged by the entreaties of officials of the western court, he marched on Italy with the troops left to him. They wanted to replace Honorius with a more capable ruler. Constantine, though, had insufficient forces and retreated into Gaul in the late spring of 410. Constantine's position became untenable; Gerontius defeated his forces at Vienne in 411; there his son Constans was captured and executed. Constantine's praetorian prefect Decimus Rusticus, who had replaced Apollinaris a year earlier, abandoned Constantine to be caught up in the new rebellion of Jovinus in the Rhineland. Gerontius trapped Constantine inside Arles and besieged him.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Surrender and execution.

paragraph: At the same time, Honorius found a new general, the future Constantius III. He arrived at Arles and put Gerontius to flight. Gerontius committed suicide and many of his troops deserted to Constantius, who took over the siege. Constantine held out, hoping for the return of Edobichus, who was raising troops in northern Gaul amongst the Franks. But on his arrival Edobichus was defeated in an ambush. Constantine, his hopes fading after his troops guarding the Rhine abandoned him to support Jovinus, surrendered to Constantius. Despite the promise of safe passage, and Constantine's assumption of clerical office, Constantius imprisoned the former soldier and had him beheaded on his way to Ravenna in either August or September 411. His head, on a pole, was presented to Emperor Honorius on 18 September. It was later displayed outside Carthage.

paragraph: Athaulf the Visigoth later suppressed the revolt of Jovinus. Roman rule never returned to Britain after the death of Constantine III. As the historian Procopius later explained, "from that time onwards it remained under [the rule] of tyrants."

paragraph: Section::::Legend.

paragraph: Constantine III is also known as Constantine II of Britain. He is remembered as a King of the Britons in the Welsh chronicles and Geoffrey of Monmouth's highly popular and imaginative "Historia Regum Britanniae", where he comes to power following Gracianus Municeps' reign. In this version, the Britons ask Aldroneus, the ruler of Armorica, to be their ruler too, seeking a king who can defend them against the barbarians. Aldroenus refuses, believing the country to have diminished, but sends his brother Constantine to rule instead. Constantine becomes King and has three sons, Constans, Aurelius and Uther, but is stabbed to death by a Pict.

paragraph: Geoffrey seems to have conflated the historical Constantine III with an unrelated Cornish king of a similar name, Custennin Gorneu. This has led to confusion among modern scholars but, beyond their names, Geoffrey's fictional Constantine does not resemble the historical one.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- End of Roman rule in Britain

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zosimus, "Historia Nova", Books 5 & 6 Historia Nova

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orosius, "Historiae adversum Paganos", 7.40

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geoffrey of Monmouth' "Historia Regum Britanniae"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bartrum, Peter "A Welsh Classical Dictionary" Cardiff: National Library of Wales, 1993,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bury, J. B., "A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene", Vol. I (1889) London; New York: Macmillan OCLC 22138662

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elton, Hugh, "Constantine III (407–411 A.D.)", "D.I.R."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ford, David Nash "Early British Kingdoms": Constantine Corneu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gibbon, Edward, "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" (1888) Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott OCLC 692266633

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heather, Peter(2005) "The Fall of the Roman Empire", Basingstoke and Oxford: Pan Macmillan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin, John Robert Martindale, John Morris, "The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire", volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 1992,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stevens, C.E. "Marcus, Gratian, Constantine", "Athenaeum", 35 (1957), pp. 316–47

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thompson, E.A. "Britain, A.D. 406–410", "Britannia", 8 (1977), pp. 303–318.

alias:
Flavius Claudius Constantinus
Constantinus III

description: Western Roman Emperor from 407 to 411

wikidata_label: Constantine III

wikipedia_title: Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)


text:
Shu Han
Three Kingdoms
Zhuge Zhan
Zhuge Liang
Chancellor
Deng Ai
Cao Wei
attack Shu
Mianyang
Sichuan
Wen County
Longnan
Gansu
Huang Hao
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
Chang, Qu
Chronicles of Huayang
Chen, Shou
Records of the Three Kingdoms
Sima, Guang
Zizhi Tongjian

categories: Shu Han generals,263 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Zhuge Shang

paragraph: Zhuge Shang (died 263) was a military officer of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the eldest son of the Shu general Zhuge Zhan and a grandson of Zhuge Liang, the first Chancellor of Shu.

paragraph: In 263, Deng Ai, a general from Shu's rival state Cao Wei, led an army to attack Shu and showed up in Fu (涪; in present-day Mianyang, Sichuan) after taking a shortcut from Yinping (陰平; present-day Wen County, Longnan, Gansu). Zhuge Zhan led the Shu forces to Fu to resist the enemy but retreated to Mianzhu (緜竹) when he heard that the Shu vanguard had been defeated. Deng Ai sent a messenger to ask Zhuge Zhan to surrender, but Zhuge refused and executed the messenger. In the ensuing battle at Mianzhu, the Shu forces were defeated and both Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Shang were killed in action. Before joining his father in battle, Zhuge Shang sighed, "My father and I received grace from the State. Our failure to eliminate Huang Hao earlier on resulted in our State being stuck in this disastrous situation now. What can we do with our lives?"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chang, Qu ( 4th century). "Chronicles of Huayang" ("Huayang Guo Zhi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sima, Guang (1084). "Zizhi Tongjian".

description: Shu Han general

wikidata_label: Zhuge Shang

wikipedia_title: Zhuge Shang


text:
Raja
Hindu
Brahmin Dynasty
Sindh
Indian subcontinent
Ummayad Caliphate
Muhammad bin Qasim
Indus River
Chach Nama
Arab conquest
Persian
Thaqafi
Mukhtar al-Thaqafi
Kannauj
Basra
Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
Debal
Serendib
Sri Lanka
Meds
Scythians
Bawarij
Tigris
Kutch
Debal
Kathiawar
Muhammad bin Qasim
Debal
Caliphate
Sehwan
Indus River
Meds
Bhutto
Buddhist
Nerun
Siwistan
infantry
mounted
Umayyad Caliphate
Nawabshah
Cheema
Chach Nama
Rai Dynasty
R. C. Majumdar
An Advanced History of India

categories: History of Sindh,7th-century Indian monarchs,Hindu monarchs,History of Pakistan,Sindhi people,8th-century Indian monarchs

paragraph: Raja Dahir

paragraph: Raja Dahar () (), "Rājā Dāhir"; 663 – 712 CE) was the last Hindu ruler of the Brahmin Dynasty of Sindh (present-day Pakistan) in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent. In 711 CE, his kingdom was conquered by the Ummayad Caliphate led by General Muhammad bin Qasim. He was killed at the Battle of Aror at the banks of the Indus River, near modern-day Nawabshah.

paragraph: Section::::Reign in the "Chach Nama".

paragraph: The "Chach Nama" is the oldest chronicles of the Arab conquest of Sindh. It was translated in Persian by an Arab Muhammad Ali bin Hamid bin Abu Bakr Kufi in 1216 CE from an earlier Arabic text believed to have been written by the Thaqafi family (relatives of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi).

paragraph: Dahir's kingdom was invaded by King Ramal of Kannauj.

paragraph: Section::::War with the Umayyads.

paragraph: The primary reason cited in the "Chach Nama" for the expedition by the governor of Basra, Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, against Raja Dahir, was a pirate raid off the coast of Debal resulting in gifts to the caliph from the king of Serendib (modern Sri Lanka) being stolen. Meds (a tribe of Scythians living in Sindh) also known as Bawarij had pirated upon Sassanid shipping in the past, from the mouth of the Tigris to the Sri Lankan coast, in their bawarij and now were able to prey on Arab shipping from their bases at Kutch, Debal and Kathiawar.

paragraph: Hajaj's next campaign was launched under the aegis of Muhammad bin Qasim. In 711 bin Qasim attacked at Debal and, on orders of Al-Hajjaj, freed the earlier captives and prisoners from the previous (failed) campaign. Other than this instance, the policy was generally one of enlisting and co-opting support from defectors and defeated lords and forces. From Debal Hajaj moved on to Nerun for supplies; the city's Buddhist governor had acknowledged it as a tributary of the Caliphate after the first campaign, and capitulated to the second. Qasim's armies then captured Siwistan (Sehwan) received allegiance from several tribal chiefs and secured the surrounding regions. His combined forces captured the fort at Sisam, and secured the region west of the Indus River.

paragraph: By enlisting the support of local tribes Meds, Bhuttos, and Buddhist rulers of Nerun, Bajhra, Kaka Kolak and Siwistan as infantry to his predominantly-mounted army, Muhammad bin Qasim defeated Dahir and captured his eastern territories for the Umayyad Caliphate.

paragraph: Sometime before the final battle, Dahar's vizier approached him and suggested that Dahar should take refuge with one of the friendly kings of India. "You should say to them, 'I am a wall between you and the Arab army. If I fall, nothing will stop your destruction at their hands.'" If that wasn't acceptable to Dahar, said the vizier, then he should at least send away his family to some safe point in India. Dahar refused to do either. "I cannot send away my family to security while the families of my thakurs and nobles remain here."

paragraph: Dahir then tried to prevent Qasim from crossing the Indus River, moving his forces to its eastern banks. Eventually, however, Qasim crossed and defeated forces at Jitor led by Jaisiah (Dahir's son). Qasim fought Dahir at Raor (near modern Nawabshah) in 712, killing him. After Dahar was killed in the Battle of Aror on the banks of the River Indus, his head was cut off from his body and sent to Hajjaj bin Yousuf.

paragraph: Section::::Three women from Chachnama.

paragraph: Three women from Chachnama

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cheema

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chach Nama

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rai Dynasty

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raja Dahir's Wife Rani Bai fled to the fort of Rawar with 15,000 troops from where she challenged Muhammad Bin Qasim for the battle. Muhammad bin Qasim chased her to Rawar and ordered his miners to dig and demolish the walls of the fort until the bastions were thrown down. Rani Bai, however, finding herself encircled, surrendered and burnt herself along with other ladies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg: The Chachnamah, An Ancient History of Sind, Giving the Hindu period down to the Arab Conquest. Translated by from the Persian by, Commissioners Press 1900

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. C. Majumdar, H.C. Roychandra and Kalikinkar Ditta: An Advanced History of India, Part II,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tareekh-Sind, By Mavlana Syed Abu Zafar Nadvi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wink, Andre, "Al Hind the Making of the Indo Islamic World", Brill Academic Publishers, Jan 1, 1996,

wikidata_label: Raja Dahir

wikipedia_title: Raja Dahir


text:
Albi
commander
Crimea
Sevastopol
98th Regiment of the Line
Montebello
Bitche
Franco-Prussian War
Prussian
Bavarian
Légion d'honneur
Saint Helena Medal
Crimea Medal
Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Order of Ernst August

categories: 1821 births,1916 deaths,French military officers,French people of the Franco-Prussian War,Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur,People from Albi,French military personnel of the Crimean War

paragraph: Louis-Casimir Teyssier

paragraph: Louis-Casimir Teyssier (1821 in Albi – 1916 at Albi) was a French commander.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was recruited to the 21st regiment. As a lieutenant, he was wounded in Crimea, near Sevastopol and made a prisoner. He was released in December 15, 1855. made prisoner of war there he returned to France December 15, 1855. Serving in the 98th Regiment of the Line he was again wounded at Montebello, Italy in 1859. Afterwards he commanded a battalion of the 78th regiment of the line and in 1870 he was appointed commander of the fortress of Bitche. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 he defended the fortress with 3,000 men against about 20,000 Prussian and Bavarian soldiers until the French government ordered him to surrender after the cease fire in 1871. The German troops allowed the French troops to leave Bitche fully armed in acknowledgement of their braveness. He became commander of Marseille in May 1871 and Vicennes in 1872 as colonel.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander Légion d'honneur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Helena Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medal of Cécile Mulequiès

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Crimea Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italian Campaign medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Sardinia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Ernst August awarded 1873 (Hannover)

paragraph: The city of Albi erected a monument in his honor and named streets after him, and the city of Bitche named a school, Lycée Teyssier, after him.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: French Wikipedia article

description: French army commander

wikidata_label: Louis-Casimir Teyssier

wikipedia_title: Louis-Casimir Teyssier


text:
Nobsa
Colombia
road racing cyclist
UCI Professional Continental Team

categories: 1981 births,People from Nobsa,Vuelta a Venezuela stage winners,Colombian male cyclists,Vuelta a Colombia stage winners,Living people

paragraph: Giovanny Báez

paragraph: Giovanny Manuel Báez Álvarez (born April 9, 1981 in Nobsa) is a Colombian professional road racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Professional Continental Team .

description: Colombian racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Giovanny Báez

wikipedia_title: Giovanny Báez


text: British

text: Roman Catholic

text: Whig

text: Member of Parliament

text: Maria Fitzherbert

text: Charles Stourton, 17th Baron Stourton

text: Marmaduke Langdale, 5th Baron Langdale

text: Houghton Hall, East Riding of Yorkshire

text: Oscott College

text: Stonyhurst College

text: Catholic Emancipation

text: Catholic Relief Act 1829

text: Member of Parliament

text: Beverley

text: 1832 general election

text: House of Commons

text: Knaresborough

text: Catholic Poor School Committee

text: Society of Jesus

text: Peter Gallwey

text: Henry Edward Manning

text: Archbishop of Westminster

text: laity

text: Maria Fitzherbert

text: George, Prince of Wales

text: Royal Marriages Act 1772

text: King George III

text: Privy Council

text: Lord Stourton

text: Mayfair

text: Houghton Hall, Yorkshire

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,1787 births,British Roman Catholics,1868 deaths,People educated at Stonyhurst College,UK MPs 1837–1841,Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies

paragraph: Charles Langdale

paragraph: Charles Langdale (formerly Stourton); 19 September 1787 – 1 December 1868) was a British politician, Roman Catholic layman, and biographer. He served as Whig Member of Parliament, wrote the memoirs of Maria Fitzherbert, and was a leading Roman Catholic figure during the 19th century.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Langdale was born Hon. Charles Stourton in 1787, the fourth son of Charles Stourton, 17th Baron Stourton by his wife Mary Langdale, a daughter and co-heiress of Marmaduke Langdale, 5th Baron Langdale (1771–1777). He became the heir of his mother's cousin Philip Langdale (d.1815) of Houghton Hall, East Riding of Yorkshire, who died without male progeny, and to comply with the terms of his inheritance he adopted the surname Langdale by royal licence dated 1815, for himself and his descendants.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: He was educated at Oscott College and Stonyhurst College.

paragraph: Section::::Politics and public life.

paragraph: Langdale campaigned for Catholic Emancipation, and after the passing of the Catholic Relief Act 1829 he became Member of Parliament for Beverley following the 1832 general election, becoming one of the first Roman Catholics in the House of Commons. He represented Beverly until 1835, and represented Knaresborough between 1837 and 1841.

paragraph: Throughout his life, Langdale took a leading part in all matters relating to the interests of Roman Catholics. He supported the foundation and became the chairman of the Catholic Poor School Committee, serving until his death. During his tenure, he played an important role in the negotiations for public funds for Roman Catholic schools.

paragraph: Shortly before his death, he was admitted as a lay brother of the Society of Jesus. At his funeral, Peter Gallwey described him as "the acknowledged father and patriarch of the oppressed Catholic community in England" and as "a father to us all". Henry Edward Manning, Archbishop of Westminster, in a funeral sermon in London, described him as having been for fifty years the foremost man among the Roman Catholic laity in England.

paragraph: Section::::Biography of Maria Fitzherbert.

paragraph: Langdale had been a close friend of Maria Fitzherbert during their youth; there was a family connection through her first husband George Weld, whose niece married his eldest brother William. In the publication "Memoirs of Lord Holland", it was claimed that Fitzherbert, a Roman Catholic, never believed her marriage vows to George, Prince of Wales, to be in any way binding (the marriage was considered invalid under the Royal Marriages Act 1772 because it had not been approved by King George III and the Privy Council). With a view to the vindication of her character, he published "Memoirs of Mrs. Fitzherbert: with an account of her marriage with H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, afterwards King George IV" at the request of his brother, Lord Stourton, one of the trustees named in Fitzherbert's will. He was refused access to her papers by the other trustees, but he was able to use the narrative drawn up by Lord Stourton. The memoirs showed that Fitzherbert believed herself to be George's wife.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage & progeny.

paragraph: He married twice:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firstly in 1817 to Charlotte Mary Clifford (died 1819), fifth daughter of Charles Clifford, 6th Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, by whom he had two daughters.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondly in 1821 he married May Constable-Maxwell (died 1857), eldest daughter of Marmaduke William Haggerstone Constable-Maxwell, by whom he had at least five sons and six daughters.

paragraph: Section::::Death & succession.

paragraph: He died in Mayfair, London, in 1868 and was buried near his seat, Houghton Hall, Yorkshire. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles Joseph Langdale (1822-1895).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: politician

wikidata_label: Charles Langdale

wikipedia_title: Charles Langdale


text: marine biologist

text: polar explorer

text: Tonbridge

text: British Antarctic Expedition

text: E. J. Allen

text: phytoplankton

text: British Antarctic Expedition

text: Robert Falcon Scott

text: sledging

text: Cape Evans

text: Polar Medal

text: Nelson Cliff

text: Simpson Glacier

text: British 63rd (Royal Naval) Division

text: Gallipoli campaign

text: North Sea

text: Fisheries Board for Scotland

text: Edward Nelson collection

text: Scott Polar Research Institute

categories: Scientists who committed suicide,Antarctic scientists,20th-century British zoologists,British marine biologists,Explorers of Antarctica,1923 deaths,1883 births

paragraph: Edward Nelson (marine biologist)

paragraph: Edward William Nelson (1883–1923) was a British marine biologist and polar explorer. Educated at Clifton, Tonbridge and Cambridge, he was independently wealthy. He worked at the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) in Plymouth and was member of the 1910–1913 British Antarctic Expedition. in association with E. J. Allen, he developed a simple method for culturing phytoplankton.

paragraph: Section::::Polar expedition.

paragraph: In 1910, he joined the British Antarctic Expedition (popularly known as "The Terra Nova Expedition") led by Robert Falcon Scott, and served as a biologist. He took part in a sledging journey to "One Ton Depot", carrying food supplies for the returning polar party. He also conducted tidal observations while at Cape Evans and was later awarded the Polar Medal along with the other "Terra Nova" members. He was commemorated with "Nelson Cliff" at the west side of the Simpson Glacier in Antarctica (71°14′S, 168°42′E).

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: On his return from the Antarctic, Nelson worked as Senior Naturalist at the laboratory in Plymouth, taking leave to fight with the British 63rd (Royal Naval) Division in the Gallipoli campaign, then later in the trenches of France. In 1920 the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food approached the MBA to propose that the Association undertake the manufacture of a large number of "Drift Bottles", to be used in tracking the movement of the waters of the North Sea. By this time, Nelson was the Scientific Superintendent of the Fisheries Board for Scotland, and wrote a paper on the manufacture of the drift bottles for the Association's Journal. He was found dead in his laboratory 17 January, 1923, the result of a self-injected poison. An inquest into his death was reported in "The Times" newspaper.

paragraph: Over 80 years later, his daughter Barbara, then 93, died during a trip to Antarctica in 2009

paragraph: Section::::Sources and further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bergy Bits: The Newsletter of the Friends of the Antarctic", No. 28 April 2009

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Nelson collection at the Scott Polar Research Institute

alias:
E. W. Nelson
Edward William Nelson

description: British biologist

wikidata_label: Edward W. Nelson

wikipedia_title: Edward Nelson (marine biologist)


text:
Italian
Borgo Panigale
Gabriele Salvatores
Quo Vadis, Baby?
Golden Globe
Like Two Crocodiles

categories: Italian rock singers,Italian female singers,1964 births,Italian film actresses,20th-century Italian actresses,Living people,People from Bologna

paragraph: Angela Baraldi

paragraph: Angela Baraldi is an Italian actress and rock singer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: She was born 12 June 1964 in Borgo Panigale, Italy. She is best known for playing the lead role in the Gabriele Salvatores film and mini-series "Quo Vadis, Baby?" as well as her role in the Golden Globe 1996 Best Foreign Language nominated film "Like Two Crocodiles".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 - "Viva"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 - "Mi vuoi bene o no?"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 - "Baraldi lubrificanti"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Rosasporco"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "Angela Baraldi"

description: Italian actress and singer

wikidata_label: Angela Baraldi

wikipedia_title: Angela Baraldi


text: naïve art

text: "Wilson G. Hunt"

text: "Senator"

text: California Gold Rush

text: Blackwell Island

text: Green-Wood Cemetery

text: "Ocean"

text: "Boston"

text: pneumonia

text: Samuel Ward Stanton

text: Cornelius Vanderbilt

text: "Cornelius Vanderbilt"

text: "Oregon"

text: Mariners' Museum

text: Newport News

text: James Bard at American Art Gallery

categories: 1815 births,1897 deaths,American people of English descent,Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery,American male painters,Artists from New York City,American marine artists,19th-century American painters,Naïve painters,American people of Scottish descent

paragraph: James Bard

paragraph: James Bard (1815-1897) was a marine artist of the 19th century. He is known for his paintings of watercraft, particularly of steamboats. His works are sometimes characterized as naïve art. Although Bard died poor and almost forgotten, his works have since become valuable. Bard had a twin brother, John (1815–1856) and they collaborated on earlier works.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: James Bard and John Bard were born in 1815 in New York City. Their father was Joseph Bard, who had been born in England. Their mother was Nellie Purvis Bard, who had been born in Scotland. They had at least two brothers (Joseph and George), two older sisters (Ellen and Mary) and one younger sister, Margaret. Sometime before 1843, Bard married Harriet DeGroot, who was six years older than he was. They had six children, but between 1843 and 1856 five of them died. Only their daughter Ellen survived.

paragraph: Harriet's brother, Albert DeGroot, later became a steamboat captain and a wealthy man, who commissioned a number of works by James Bard.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Joint works with John Bard.

paragraph: The first known picture by the Bard brothers is of the steamboat "Belona", done in 1827 when they were 12 years old. James continued to work with John through the 1830s and into the 1840s. It is not possible to tell which portions of the work were done by each brother. Their joint works are signed "J & J Bard" or "J & J Bard, Picture Painters." No work survives signed by John alone, but there are several signed "Jas. Bard." They began dating their work by 1836. When their father died in 1838, they were listed in the New York directory for the first time as "painters."

paragraph: Their works in the 1830s were watercolor. They began improving their technique and moving into oil painting as a medium by the 1840s. There is only one instance recorded of a showing of the brother's joint work, this was in 1842 at a large display of work by other nautical artists held by the American Institute of City of New York at Niblo's Garden.

paragraph: The last known joint paintings by the brothers were dated 1849. These were of the steamboats "Wilson G. Hunt" and "Senator", both of which left the New York area in March 1850 to travel around South America to the California Gold Rush. After these paintings, there is no further indication of John Bard's participation. It has been suggested that he went to the gold rush, but there is no evidence as to John's whereabouts or activities during this time. John is known to have been admitted to the Blackwell Island alms' house, apparently in poor health. He died on October 18, 1856, and was buried in an unmarked grave in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Later works.

paragraph: The break into works done alone by James Bard is marked by the oil paintings of the steamboats "Ocean" and "Boston" in March 1850, which are signed by James alone. The 1850s were a boom-time for ship construction in New York, and Bard received many commissions from owners of newly built vessels. Bard appears to have earned a modest living from his work, as he was listed as "artist" in various city directories, but his financial success was somewhat limited, as there is no record that Bard ever opened a bank account or owned real estate. There is some indication he may have worked as a railroad mechanic or engineer in the 1860s. In the 1880s Bard's commissions declined, although as late as 1890 he was still able to produce two commercial watercolors.

paragraph: Bard may have gone to California in the late 1870s, as he painted two vessels that were assembled there from prefabricated parts manufactured in Brooklyn. There is no record of Bard having traveled to California but it has been pointed out that it would have been unlikely for him to have painted vessels he had never seen in operation.

paragraph: By 1892, however, with age his ability to draw had deteriorated, and he apparently was no longer able to earn a living. In the 1890s, Bard and his wife moved to White Plains, New York, apparently to live with his daughter, Ellen, who apparently had the sole, if limited ability to support them. In late 1896, Bard's wife Harriet fell ill with pneumonia and she died on January 5, 1897. James Bard himself died on March 26, 1897. Their daughter Ellen lived until 1919. She worked as a maid. Her father's friend, Samuel Ward Stanton, helped her stay off public assistance by sending her money every month. Other than their works, James and John Bard left no papers, journals, wills, or other documents. Bard was almost forgotten by the time of his death in 1897, although he was the subject of a single obituary, probably written by his friend, the important marine artist and historian Samuel Ward Stanton.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: During his life, Bard painted or made drawings of at least 3,000 vessels, including probably every steamer built at New York during his active life as an artist.

paragraph: Bard's works included common features intended to please patrons. Sailboats were shown underway with all sails up. Steamboats likewise were shown underway, with numerous flags flying, including a large one bearing the vessel's name. There would often be inscriptions about the ship and its owner. In one example, James and John Bard painted for their patron Cornelius Vanderbilt, then one of the wealthiest men in the United States, a portrait of the Hudson River steamboat "Cornelius Vanderbilt" racing the "Oregon". Although "Oregon" won the race, the "Vanderbilt" is shown in the lead, and all that is visible of the "Oregon" is the prow and the flag on the jackstaff.

paragraph: Bard went to great lengths to get the details of the vessel correctly, including personally measuring the vessel in question. Preliminary drawings exist for some vessels. It was customary at that time for marine artists to paint multiple works of a single vessel, which could be different as to the background and other details, depending on orders from patrons. Bard followed this practice, often painting the same vessel multiple times.

paragraph: Section::::Later recognition.

paragraph: As Bard grew older, photography became increasingly used for marine as well as other subject areas, and steamboats themselves declined in importance in relation to the railroads. During Bard's life, Stanton, was the only artist who acknowledged Bard's influence, stating in his 1895 book "American Steam Vessels" that Bard was a gentleman who had begun the work of steamboat portraiture before 1830, and "to him the maritime world owes gratitude for his contributions to it of correct likenesses of many of the noted steamboats of early days".

paragraph: Most of the Bard works were done for persons in the steamboat or maritime trades, and as these persons died or went out of business, the works were lost or destroyed. In the earlier part of the 20th century, historians began relying on the surviving Bard works as references. Three of these historians, Francis F.C. Bradlee, George W. Murdock, and Edwin M. Eldredge collected steamboat art and other materials, and they came to acquire many of the Bard works. In time, all three of these collections came into the hands of museums, in particular the Eldredge collection, the most extensive one, went to the Mariners' Museum in Newport News in 1940.

paragraph: In 1924, for the first time since 1842, two of Bard's works were featured at an art exhibition. After the 1897 obituary, nothing was written about the Bards as artists until 1949, when Alexander Crosby Brown and Harold Sniffen wrote an article published in "Art in America" which focused on the output of the Bard brothers, the accuracy of their drawings, and their importance for marine historians.

paragraph: Section::::Auction prices.

paragraph: In 1997, Bard works realized prices of over $200,000 at Sotheby's winter and fall auctions. Some recent auction prices are summarized below.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mariner's Museum and Peluso, Anthony J., Jr., "The Bard Brothers—Painting America under Steam and Sail", Abrams, New York 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Bard at American Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanton, Samuel Ward, "American Steam Vessels", Stanton, NY 1895, republished as "American Steam Vessels—The Classic Illustrations", New York, Dover 2003,

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lipman, Jean. "James and John Bard: Ship Painters of the Hudson River". "The Clarion", Summer 1977.

alias:
james bard
jas bard

description: American marine artist

wikidata_label: James Bard

wikipedia_title: James Bard


text:
Malmö
Sweden
Pomerania
Nicodemus Tessin the Elder
Battle of Lund
William III of England
Malmö
Sweden

categories: 1718 deaths,18th-century Swedish military personnel,17th-century Swedish military personnel,Swedish people of German descent,1640 births

paragraph: Nicolaus von Braun

paragraph: Nicolaus von Braun (circa 1640 – 1718) was the regimental quartermaster at the Garrison Regiment in Malmö, Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nicolaus von Braun, was born around 1640 in Pomerania. He immigrated to Sweden in 1669 and was probably introduced at court in Stockholm by his cousin Nicodemus Tessin the Elder He served at the "Riksänkedrottningens" Regiment starting in 1673, and the Mountain Regiment starting in 1677. He participated in the Battle of Lund in 1676, where he was injured. Over the years, 1695-97/98, he was enlisted as an officer for William III of England. He was regimental quartermaster at the Garrison Regiment in Malmö, Sweden in 1705. He was head of the city guard. In 1710, he retired and in 1717, he was forced to sell his farm in Malmö. He died destitute in 1718.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norström, Åke and Bjernehed, Tobias: Nicolaus von Braun - the major city of Malmö 1705-1710, in: Malmö Fornminnesförening yearbook, Volume 71, Malmö 2003rd

description: Swedish regimental quartermaster

wikidata_label: Nicolaus von Braun

wikipedia_title: Nicolaus von Braun


text: Memphis

text: Tennessee

text: Rapallo

text: Italy

text: caricaturist

text: parodist

text: Sir Max Beerbohm

text: Baden

text: Cincinnati

text: dry goods

text: Memphis

text: Shakespeare

text: The Commercial Appeal

text: Clara Conway Institute

text: American Academy of Dramatic Arts

text: Maeterlink

text: Paul Gilmore

text: El Gran Galeoto

text: José Echegaray

text: Carnegie Lyceum

text: New York City

text: Broadway

text: Ibsen

text: When We Dead Awaken

text: Carnegie Lyceum

text: The Master Builder

text: The New York Times

text: Richard Mansfield

text: Shakespeare

text: Henry V

text: Don Caesar's Return

text: Victor Mapes

text: Wallack's Theatre

text: Ibsen

text: Rosmersholm

text: Great Britain

text: Max Beerbohm

text: Ibsen

text: Hedda Gabler

text: Rosmersholm

text: New York City

text: Lyric Theatre

text: Rosmersholm

text: Terry's Theatre

text: King Edward VII

text: Rapallo

text: Italy

text: United Kingdom

text: World War I

text: World War II

text: Luigi Pirandello

text: La Vita che ti Diedi

text: repertory

text: Peer Gynt

text: Old Vic

text: Duchess of Gloucester

text: Oxford Union

text: Richard II

text: John Gielgud

text: Alfred Hitchcock

text: Secret Agent

text: knight

text: Rapallo

text: Genoa

text: widow

text: Max Beerbohm

text: Elisabeth Jungmann

text: Secret Agent

text: Mary Lago Collection

text: University of Missouri

text: Mrs. Max: Finding Florence Beerbohm

categories: 1951 deaths,Jewish American actresses,20th-century American actresses,1878 births,19th-century American actresses,American expatriate actresses in the United Kingdom,American stage actresses,American people of German-Jewish descent,Beerbohm family

paragraph: Florence Kahn (actress)

paragraph: Florence Kahn (Lady Beerbohm) (born March 3, 1878 in Memphis, Tennessee – died January 13, 1951 in Rapallo, Italy) was an American actress and the first wife of caricaturist and parodist Sir Max Beerbohm.

paragraph: Section::::Acting career.

paragraph: Her father Louis Kahn was a German-Jewish immigrant from Baden who married Pauline Freiberg, a member of a prominent Cincinnati family. He founded the dry goods firm of Kahn & Freiberg in Memphis in 1860 and was also an amateur Shakespeare scholar. Florence's brother Samuel Kahn became an editor of "The Commercial Appeal" in Memphis. She attended the Clara Conway Institute, a private school in Memphis, and had dancing lessons before going to a 'finishing school', which she left in June 1894. In 1895 she studied drama at Miss Grace Llewellyn's studio in Memphis. She also attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York.

paragraph: Florence Kahn appeared in the first American performance of Maeterlink's "Intérieur" in February 1896. On graduating in April 1897 she joined a touring company as the female lead in "The Girl I Left Behind Me". In Spring 1898 she played Lady de Winter in "The Musketeers" with Paul Gilmore in New York, and later on tour.

paragraph: Kahn appeared in New York in "El Gran Galeoto" by José Echegaray at the Carnegie Lyceum New York City in 1899, and went on to become a well known Broadway actress noted for her roles in the plays of Ibsen. She played Hilda in the first performance of "When We Dead Awaken" in America which took place at the Carnegie Lyceum on January 16, 1900. She also appeared in "The Master Builder" (1900) as Hilda Wangel.

paragraph: Of her performance in the latter "The New York Times" wrote:

paragraph: Kahn also appeared with the actor Richard Mansfield, as Chorus in Shakespeare's "Henry V" in 1900. She appeared in "Don Caesar's Return" by Victor Mapes at Wallack's Theatre in New York in 1901. In March 1904 Kahn appeared as Rebecca West in Ibsen's "Rosmersholm", but the production was not a success and closed quickly, with Kahn receiving much of the blame:

paragraph: She 'acted' always, not for a moment was she a live woman, least of all an Ibsen heroine. She waved across the stage and coiled upon the furniture, and when the crisis of passion ran highest she looked foolish and bleated.

paragraph: After the failure of "Rosmersholm" in New York, in 1904 she travelled to Great Britain with a letter of introduction to Max Beerbohm. Beerbohm became infatuated with Kahn and called on her regularly, taking her to meet his family. On her return to America in 1907 Kahn appeared in Ibsen's "Hedda Gabler" and "Rosmersholm" in New York City's Lyric Theatre.

paragraph: In February 1908 Kahn returned to Britain where she appeared as Rebecca West in Ibsen's "Rosmersholm", opening at Terry's Theatre. She then toured Britain presenting a series of readings, on one occasion appearing before King Edward VII. It was during this tour that she was courted by Beerbohm and they became engaged in 1908.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: It has been estimated that during their six-year courtship Beerbohm wrote over 1,000 letters to Kahn. When they were apart he wrote everyday, sometimes more than once a day. After their marriage on May 4, 1910 at Paddington Register Office the couple moved to the Villino Chiaro in Rapallo in Italy where they remained for the rest of their lives apart from when they returned to the United Kingdom during World War I and World War II. From the start of the marriage, Beerbohm's friends did not like Kahn, thinking the couple ill-matched. They thought Kahn to be "nervous, shy, timid, retiring, humourless, moralizing, idealizing, prudish, frequently sad and depressed and anti-social", in fact the very opposite of Beerbohm.

paragraph: In 1931 the Beerbohms returned to Britain so that Kahn could act in Luigi Pirandello's play "La Vita che ti Diedi" ("The Life I Gave You") with a small repertory company in Huddersfield. She returned again in 1935 to play Ase in "Peer Gynt" at the Old Vic, and in February 1936 she played the Duchess of Gloucester in the Oxford Union Dramatic Society's production of "Richard II", directed by John Gielgud. In 1936 Kahn appeared with Gielgud as Mrs Caypor in Alfred Hitchcock's film "Secret Agent". At that time not only had she never made a film before but she had never seen one either.

paragraph: She became Lady Beerbohm when her husband was knighted in 1939.

paragraph: Florence Kahn died at Rapallo in Italy in 1951 aged 72. She was cremated in Genoa and her ashes scattered from a boat in the Bay of Tigullio. In 1956 her widower Max Beerbohm married his companion and secretary Elisabeth Jungmann on his death bed.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secret Agent" (1936) - Mrs. Caypor

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florence Kahn to Wed?; Report That Actress Will Become Bride of Max Beerbohm "The New York Times" May 2, 1910/a

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Lago Collection at the University of Missouri Libraries

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mrs. Max: Finding Florence Beerbohm

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Florence Kahn

wikipedia_title: Florence Kahn (actress)


text:
major general
World War I
80th Infantry Division
Meuse-Argonne offensive
United States Military Academy
Army Distinguished Service Medal
Meuse-Argonne offensive

categories: United States Military Academy alumni,1871 births,1959 deaths

paragraph: Frank Sherwood Cocheu

paragraph: Frank Sherwood Cocheu (November 22, 1871-May 28, 1959) was an American major general during World War I. He is noted for his command of the 319th Infantry, 80th Infantry Division during the Meuse-Argonne offensive.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Frank Sherwood Cocheu was born on November 22, 1871 in Brooklyn, New York.

paragraph: He attended the United States Military Academy, where he graduated with the class of 1894.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: He was commissioned into the infantry in 1894 as a second lieutenant.

paragraph: He served in the Philippines from 1899 to 1902.

paragraph: He attended the Army War College, graduating in 1908.

paragraph: He served as assistant director at the Army War College from 1908 to 1911.

paragraph: He was promoted to brigadier general on October 1, 1918.

paragraph: During the Mexican revolution of 1929, he served as Commanding General of American troops in Arizona.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: Cocheu received the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his services in commanding the 319th Infantry, 80th Division, from August 1917 to October 1918 in the Artois sector and during the Meuse-Argonne offensive.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Cocheu died on May 28, 1959.

paragraph: He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Cocheu married Kathleen Lacy on August 4, 1897.

wikidata_label: Frank Sherwood Cocheu

wikipedia_title: Frank Sherwood Cocheu


text:
Catholic
pre-congregational saint
South Wales
Bishop
Glasbury
Powys
Glasbury
venerated
feast day
April 27
Parochial
church
Glasbury
AD
town
Gwladys
Brychan
Patron Saint
Llanigon

categories: Geography of Carmarthenshire,6th-century Welsh people,Children of Brychan,6th-century Christian saints,Year of birth unknown,Medieval Welsh saints,6th-century births,History of Carmarthenshire,6th-century Christian clergy,Welsh heraldry,Year of death unknown,6th century in Wales,Welsh hermits,Roman Catholic monks

paragraph: Cynidr

paragraph: St Cynidr was a 6th-century Catholic pre-congregational saint of South Wales and first Bishop of Glasbury, Powys.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Cynidr is buried in Glasbury, where he is venerated with a feast day of April 27.

paragraph: The Parochial church of St Cynidr (St Kenider) at Glasbury commemorates his work although the current church was built c.1088AD. A "holy well" in the town is also attributed to him.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Cynidr was the son of St. Gwladys, grand son of King Brychan and the brother of St Eigon, the Patron Saint of Llanigon, near Glasbury.

description: Welsh saint and bishop

wikidata_label: Cynidr

wikipedia_title: Cynidr


text: musical director

text: Gingst

text: Rügen

text: Pommern

text: Stralsund

text: Braunschweig

text: Göttingen

text: Johann Nikolaus Forkel

text: Kapellmeister

text: Schwerin

text: Royal Court Orchestra

text: Thomestorp

text: Östergötland

text: tuberculosis

text: cantata

text: symphonies

text: Vienna

text: Classicism

text: Beethoven's

text: Haydn's

text: The Seasons

text: Mozart's

text: The Magic Flute

categories: 19th-century classical composers,String quartet composers,Tuberculosis deaths in Sweden,Swedish male classical composers,19th-century Swedish musicians,Swedish opera composers,People from Vorpommern-Rügen,19th-century deaths from tuberculosis,18th-century classical composers,1779 births,Classical-period composers,19th-century male musicians,Male opera composers,1813 deaths,Swedish classical composers

paragraph: Joachim Nicolas Eggert

paragraph: Joachim Nicolas Eggert (22 February 1779 – 14 April 1813) was a Swedish composer and musical director.

paragraph: Eggert was born in Gingst on Rügen, at that time part of Swedish Pommern. At a very young age he started studying to play the violin. In Stralsund he continued his musical education in the subjects of violin and composition. These studies were followed, in the first years of the 19th century, by studies in musical theory in Braunschweig and Göttingen, with Johann Nikolaus Forkel as a teacher.

paragraph: In 1802 he got his first appointment as a Kapellmeister at the court theater of Schwerin. A year later he became violinist at the Royal Court Orchestra of Sweden. He soon received his first commissions for compositions. In 1807 he was appointed a member of the Royal Swedish Musical Academy; in the same year he made his debut as a musical director. Between 1808 and 1812 he worked as a Hofkapellmeister at the Royal Court Orchestra. He died at Thomestorp, Östergötland, Sweden, of tuberculosis, at the age of 34 years.

paragraph: The main part of his compositional creations are instrumental works like operas, cantatas, musical dramas and symphonies. He also composed numerous works commissioned by the Swedish Court Orchestra. He introduced elements of Vienna Classicism into Swedish musical culture. In the course of his activities as Kapellmeister he introduced for the first time works of Beethoven's in the Swedish concert repertoire. He also gained fame by directing the first Swedish performances of Haydn's oratorio "The Seasons" and Mozart's opera "The Magic Flute".

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Operas

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Moors in Spain (1809)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svante Sture och Märta Leijonhufvud (1812)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphonies

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 1 in C-Major (1805)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 2 in G-Minor “Skjöldebrand” (1806)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 3 in E-flat Major (1807)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 4 in C-Minor "War and Peace" (1812)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 5 in D-Minor (Unfinished)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cantatas and ceremonial music.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Funeral Music for Duke Frederik Adolf (1804)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cantata commemorating the peace between Sweden and Russia (1809)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cantata honouring the arrival of Prince Carl Johann Bernadotte to Stockholm (1810)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music for the Coronation of Carl XIII (1809)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cantata honouring the Chairman of the Stockholm Eric House. "Werdarnes evige konung" ("The world's eternal king").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cantata "Hwad stark gudomlig kraft" ("How mighty divine strength")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cantata "Ljud av salla Odens rost" ("Blessed Odin's voice")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chamber works

paragraph: BULLET::::- String quartets, Op. 1: No. 1 in G. No. 2 in F-minor (c. 1810), No. 3 in F

paragraph: BULLET::::- String quartets, Op. 2: No. 1 in B-flat, No. 2 in G-minor, No. 3 in D-minor

paragraph: BULLET::::- String quartets, Op. 3: No. 1 in C-minor, No. 2 in G, No. 3 in A

paragraph: BULLET::::- String quartets, WoO: in G, in D-minor, in A (c. 1800), in D (1810)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scherzo & Trio G-minor, for string quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fugue in D, for string quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- String sextet in F-minor (2 violins, 2 viola, cello and double-bass) (c. 1800-10)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sextet in F-minor (clarinet, french horn, violin, viola, cello and double bass) (1807)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article about Eggert by the Israeli musicologist Avishai Kallai

description: Swedish composer

wikidata_label: Joachim Nicolas Eggert

wikipedia_title: Joachim Nicolas Eggert


text:
American
portrait
Oakland, California
Oakland High School
John Lennon
vigil
Woodstock '94
Guinness World Records
Gerald Ford
Caesars Palace
Las Vegas
Rocky Mountain News
Albert Einstein
St. Louis Community College–Meramec
Denver
heart attack
History
Pawn Stars
Jim Morrison
Stevie Wonder
Jimi Hendrix
John Lennon
Denny Dent official site

categories: 21st-century American painters,Artists from Oakland, California,20th-century American painters,1948 births,American male painters,2004 deaths

paragraph: Denny Dent

paragraph: Dennis E. "Denny" Dent (April 5, 1948 – March 29, 2004) was an American speed painter who was known for his frenetic performances as he painted large portraits of celebrities.

paragraph: Dent was born in Oakland, California to a family of artists and graduated from Oakland High School. "My grandfather was ambidextrous," he says, giving a nod to the gene pool for his two-fisted talents, "a cabinetmaker and an artist. My mother was a painter and always told me I was an artist. That's the heritage of the family." Though no one's been able to verify it, Dent's grandfather insisted they are direct descendants of Titian, the Renaissance Italian master. He credited his mother and speed painter D. Westry with influencing his art. His style emerged after he painted a spontaneous portrait of John Lennon at a 1980 vigil. Dent married Ali Christina Flores.

paragraph: A Denny Dent performance, which he referred to as a "Two-Fisted Art Attack," consisted of him rapidly painting on a black canvas with multiple brushes in both hands, as well as painting with his bare hands, to a musical accompaniment. Over the course of just a few pop/rock songs, he would complete a portrait. His subjects were most often musicians, but also included other entertainers, sports figures, and political leaders. One of his most famous performances was at the Woodstock '94 concert.

paragraph: Dent could also paint with his feet, but seldom did so in public. What he called his "dance on canvas" featured maniacal, mesmerizing movement, but he regarded the sermons he shouted over the music while he painted as his main mission. He said he turned down mention in "Guinness World Records" as the world's fastest artist because he feared the distinction might detract from his inspirational message about the saving graces of art.

paragraph: "I'm out to disturb the heart of the nation," he told former President Gerald Ford when he painted him in eight minutes at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, according to an article in the "Rocky Mountain News" in 1995. "I've got no time to lose."

paragraph: A painting that Dent did of Albert Einstein hangs in the Lecture Halls building at the St. Louis Community College–Meramec campus.

paragraph: Dent died in Denver of complications from a heart attack.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: On the History channel series "Pawn Stars", Dent's green painting of Jim Morrison is featured prominently on a wall of the shop. The shop also has on display Dent's paintings of Stevie Wonder and Jimi Hendrix, and in one episode acquired a portrait of John Lennon painted by Dent.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denny Dent official site

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Denny Dent

wikipedia_title: Denny Dent