text: Individual U-21 World Championship

text: Individual U-19 European Championship

text: Tarnów

text: Team U-19 European Championship

text: Holsted

text: European Club Champions' Cup

text: Individual Polish Championship

text: Toruń

text: Leszno

text: Team Polish Championship

text: Individual U-21 Polish Championship

text: Team U-21 Polish Championship

text: Leszno

text: Toruń

text: Silver Helmet (U-21)

text: Rzeszów

text: Częstochowa

text: Bronze Helmet (U-19)

text: Gdańsk

text: Wrocław

text: Bolesław Chrobry Tournament

text: Gniezno

text: Poland national speedway team

text: Speedway in Poland

categories: People from Kościan,Polish speedway riders,1990 births,Living people,Team Speedway Junior European Champions

paragraph: Sławomir Musielak

paragraph: Sławomir Musielak (born 3 June 1990)

paragraph: Section::::Career details.

paragraph: Section::::Career details.:World Championships.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Individual U-21 World Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2009 - Lost in Domestic Qualification"

paragraph: Section::::Career details.:European Championships.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Individual U-19 European Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Tarnów - 6th place (9 pts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team U-19 European Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Holsted - U-19 European Champion (1 pt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- European Club Champions' Cup

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2008 - 4th place in the Semi-Final for Leszno

paragraph: Section::::Career details.:Domestic competitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Individual Polish Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2008 - track reserve in the Quarter-Final 4"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Toruń - "the Final will be on 25 July (as track reserve)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Individual Speedway Junior Polish Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Leszno - Runner-up (13 pts + 2nd in Run-Off)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team Polish Championship (League)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - for Leszno

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2007 - did not started"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - 1st place in Second League for Gniezno (Average 1.297)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - for Leszno

paragraph: BULLET::::- Individual U-21 Polish Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2008 - 12th place in the Semi-Final 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2009 - the Qualifying Round 3 will be on 15 July"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team U-21 Polish Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - Leszno - Polish Champion for Leszno (9 pts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Toruń - 3rd place (10 pts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silver Helmet (U-21)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - Rzeszów - 11th place (6 pts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Częstochowa - 3rd place (12+2 pts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bronze Helmet (U-19)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - Gdańsk - 10th place (6 pts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Wrocław - 4th place (12 pts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bolesław Chrobry Tournament

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - Gniezno - did not started as track reserve

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poland national speedway team

paragraph: BULLET::::- Speedway in Poland

description: Polish speedway rider

wikidata_label: Sławomir Musielak

wikipedia_title: Sławomir Musielak


href: Benedictine abbess Counts%20of%20Andechs Diessen Bavaria Bishop%20of%20Augsburg Abbess Diessen Germany Marienm%C3%BCnster%20church

text:
Benedictine
abbess
Andechs
Diessen
Bavaria
Bishop of Augsburg
Abbess
Diessen
Germany
Marienmünster church

categories: Christian female saints of the Middle Ages,12th-century Christian saints,Benedictine abbesses,German Roman Catholic saints,Year of birth unknown,1160 deaths

paragraph: Mechtildis of Edelstetten

paragraph: Mechtildis was Benedictine abbess and renowned miracle worker. Mechtildis was the daughter of Count Berthold of Andechs, whose wife, Sophie, founded a monastery on their estate at Diessen, Bavaria, and placed their daughter there at the age of five. In 1153, the Bishop of Augsburg placed her as Abbess of Edelstetten Abbey. Mechtildis was known for her mystical gifts and miracles. She would later die at Diessen, Germany, on 31 May 1160. Her adorned remains lie in a glass shrine within the Marienmünster church of that town.

description: Benedictine abbess

wikidata_label: Mechtildis of Edelstetten

wikipedia_title: Mechtildis of Edelstetten


text:
troubadour
Bergerac
Périgord
Diocese of Périgueux
vida
cansos
burgher
jongleur
narrative
lyric
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Paris
Marcabru
"The Jongleur Troubadours of Provence."

categories: 12th-century births,13th-century deaths,French male poets,Troubadours

paragraph: Elias Fonsalada

paragraph: Elias (de) Fonsalada (fl. late 12th/first quarter of the 13th century) was a troubadour from Bergerac in the Périgord (the Diocese of Périgueux according to his "vida"). Only two "cansos" of his survive.

paragraph: His "vida" goes further in describing him as a handsome man of the middle class, the son of a burgher and jongleur, who himself became a jongleur. The biographer did not regard him as an accomplished "trobaire" (troubadour/composer/inventor of poetry) but as a "noellaire". This word has been open to interpretation. Boutière and Schutz in their French compilation of the "vidas" of the troubadours translate it as "auteur d'un genre particulier" (author of a particular genre) or "beau parleur" (good conversationalist). Later Levy traced its etymology to "novelador", "auteur de novelles" (author of "novas", novels), and Egan, in her English translation, has taken this up as "storyteller". A "nova" was probably a narrative, as opposed to lyric, work. Thus Elias' "vida" provides a rare glimpse of narrative vernacular writing in Occitan at the height of the troubadour art.

paragraph: The poem "En Abriu" is assigned to Elias in manuscript "C" (a 14th-century work now known as f.f. 856 in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris). This attribution, however, is contradicted by other sources and the poem is usually given to Marcabru.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egan, Margarita (ed. and trans.) "The Vidas of the Troubadours". New York: Garland, 1984. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaunt, Simon; Harvey, Ruth; and Paterson, Linda M., edd. "Marcabru: A Critical Edition". Boydell & Brewer, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jewers, Caroline. "The Name of the Ruse and the Round Table: Occitan Romance and the Case for Cultural Resistance." "Neophilologus". Vol. 81, No. 2 (Apr., 1997), pp. 187–200.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jones, W. Powell. "The Jongleur Troubadours of Provence." "Publication of the Modern Languages Association", Vol. 46, No. 2. (Jun., 1931), pp. 307–311.

description: French troubadour

wikidata_label: Elias Fonsalada

wikipedia_title: Elias Fonsalada


text:
Pundravardhana
Bogra District
Balkh
Sandwip
Mahasthangarh
Mahasthangarh
Ancient Bactrial
Ibrahim-bin-Adham

categories: Bangladeshi Sufi saints,History of Bangladesh

paragraph: Shah Sultan Balkhi Mahisawar

paragraph: Shah Sultan Balkhi Mahisawar was a 14th-century Muslim saint. He preached Islam in Pundravardhana (present-day Bogra District).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Mahisawar was a ruler of Balkh in Central Asia. He was the son of Shah Ali Asgar, a ruler of Balkh. He was selected as ruler after the death of his father. He left his kingship and became a dervish. In 44 H.E. after coming to Pundravardhana, he first reached Sandwip of Bangla, and he stayed there for few years. Later he came to (Mahasthangarh, the capital of Pundravardhana)

paragraph: Section::::Conqueror.

paragraph: Mahisawar conquered the fort of Pundravardhana after warring with Raja Parshuram in the 14th century. Another source mentioned that, he defeated Parshuram in 1343 C.E., the last Buddha king of Mahasthangarh. According to legend, Shah Sultan of Balkh came to Mahasthangarh accompanied by his disciples dressed as a Faqir in a boat shaped like a fish. Initially Chilhan, the army chief of Parshuram and many others accepted the message of Islam and became Muslims but eventually there was conflict between Parshuram and Balkhi Mahisawar in which Parshuram was defeated and killed.

paragraph: Section::::Conqueror.:Conquest of Mahasthan.

paragraph: A historian Provash Chandra Sen wrote in his book titled “Bogurar Itihash” that, ‘’Narshingh" or Parshuram, the Bauddha king of the Mahasthan Bhoj Garh dynasty, was defeated and killed by Shah Sultan Balki in the year 1343CE".

paragraph: Babu Satish Chandra Sen stated a legend in his book "Bogurar Itihas" that, Shah Sultan of Balkh Ancient Bactrial accompanied by Ibrahim-bin-Adham, another missionary, and some disciples arrived at Mahastan in the grab of a "fakir", riding a fish-shaped barge in 1343 A.D. Here he succeeded in converting Chilhan, the General of King Parshuram and many local Buddhas and Jainas to Islam. This gave rise to the struggle between the Fakir and the King, in which the latter eventually was betrayed by one Harapal, defeated and killed.

wikidata_label: Shah Sultan Balkhi Mahisawar

wikipedia_title: Shah Sultan Balkhi Mahisawar


text:
Gorgan
Basra
Abbasid
caliph
al-Radi
al-Muttaqi
shatranj
Shi'a Islam
Basra
Turkish
Sul-takin
al-Mas'udi
Miskawayh
Buyid
amir al-umara
amir
shatranj
al-Muktafi
Caliph of Baghdad
al-Muqtadir
ar-Radi
endgames
blindfold chess
al-Lajlaj
chess strategy
chess opening
knight's tour
shatranj
David Hooper
Ken Whyld
Grandmaster
Yuri Averbakh
List of Muslim historians
Robert Charles Bell
Encyclopaedia of Islam
H. J. R. Murray
A History of Chess

categories: Iraqi chess players,Muslim historians,880s births,946 deaths,Iraqi historians,10th-century Turkic people,10th-century Arabic writers,History of chess

paragraph: Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli

paragraph: Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Yahya al-Suli (, 880, Gorgan-946, Basra) was a nadim (boon companion) of successive Abbasid caliphs. He was noted for his poetry and scholarship and wrote a chronicle called "Akhbar al-Radi wa'l-Muttaqi", detailing the reigns of the caliphs al-Radi and al-Muttaqi. He was a legendary player of shatranj, a game ancestral to chess, and is still remembered to this day.

paragraph: Upon the death of al-Radi in 940, al-Suli fell into disfavour with the new ruler due to his sympathies towards Shi'a Islam and as a result had to go into exile at Basra, where he spent the rest of his life in poverty. Born into an illustrious family of Turkish origin, Al-Suli's great-grandfather was the Turkish prince Sul-takin and his uncle was the poet Ibrahim ibn al-'Abbas as-Suli.

paragraph: Section::::"Akhbar al-Radi wa'l-Muttaqi".

paragraph: Al-Suli's chronicle has long been in the shadow of more famous chronicles such as those of al-Mas'udi and Miskawayh, perhaps because al-Suli was seen as a nadim and not a serious scholar. However, the account is significant for offering an eyewitness account of the transition to Buyid rule. It was during al-Radi's caliphate in 936 that the position of "amir al-umara" was created, which allowed for the transfer of executive power from the caliph to an "amir", a position that the Buyids later used to establish a new dynasty alongside the Abbasids. After this point, the Abbasids never regained their full power. However, al-Suli's account makes it clear that not "all" power was transferred to the amirs.

paragraph: Section::::Chess.

paragraph: Al-Suli came to prominence as a shatranj player sometime between 902 and 908 when he beat al-Mawardi, the court shatranj champion of al-Muktafi, and the Caliph of Baghdad. Al-Mawardi was so thoroughly beaten that he fell from favour, and was replaced by al-Suli. After al-Muktafi's death, al-Suli remained in the favour of the succeeding ruler, al-Muqtadir and in turn ar-Radi.

paragraph: Al-Suli's shatranj-playing ability became well-known and he is still considered one of the best Arab players of all time. His biographer ben Khalliken, who died in 1282, said that even in his lifetime great shatranj players were said to play like al-Suli. Documentary evidence from his lifetime is limited, but the endgames of some of the matches he played are still in existence. His skill in blindfold chess was also mentioned by contemporaries. Al-Suli also taught shatranj. His most well known pupil is al-Lajlaj ("the stammerer").

paragraph: One of his most prominent achievements is his book, "Kitab Ash-Shatranj" (Book of Chess), which was the first scientific book written on chess strategy. It contained information on common chess openings, standard problems in middle game, and annotated end games. It also contains the first known description of the knight's tour problem. Many later European writers based their work on modern chess on al-Suli's work. He also wrote several historical books.

paragraph: Section::::Chess.:Al-Suli's Diamond.

paragraph: al-Suli created a shatranj problem called "al-Suli's Diamond" that went unsolved for over a thousand years.

paragraph: As this is a shatranj, the "queen" (counsellor) is a very weak piece, able to move only a single square diagonally. It is possible to win in shatranj by capturing all pieces except the king, unless the opponent is able to do the same on the next move.

paragraph: David Hooper and Ken Whyld studied this problem in the mid-1980s but were unable to crack it. It was finally solved by Russian Grandmaster Yuri Averbakh. The solution, starting with 1. Kb4, is given in Hans Ree's "The Human Comedy of Chess", and on the web.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Muslim historians

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Charles Bell (1980). "Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations". .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leder, S. "al-Suli, Abu Bakr Muhammad." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- H. J. R. Murray (1913). "A History of Chess". .

description: Nadim

wikidata_label: Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli

wikipedia_title: Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli


text: New York

text: Town of Camillus

text: Town of Elbridge

text: Onondaga County, New York

text: Auburn

text: Village of Elbridge

text: John Townsend

text: Ambrose Spencer

text: Europe

text: Syracuse

text: Oswego and Syracuse Railroad

text: Mayor of Syracuse

text: New York State Senate

text: 86th New York State Legislature

text: New York State Assembly

text: Oakwood Cemetery

text: James Munroe

text: Squire Manro

text: "The New York Civil List"

categories: American bankers,Burials at Oakwood Cemetery (Syracuse, New York),1884 deaths,Mayors of Syracuse, New York,19th-century American politicians,New York (state) Republicans,1819 births,19th-century American railroad executives,New York state senators,New York (state) Whigs

paragraph: Allen Munroe

paragraph: Allen Munroe (March 10, 1819 – October 6, 1884) was an American merchant, manufacturer, banker and politician from New York.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of Nathan Munro (1791–1839) and Cynthia (Champlin) Munro (1796–1877). He was born in that part of the Town of Camillus which was separated in 1829 as the Town of Elbridge, in Onondaga County, New York. In 1837, he became a clerk in a store in Auburn, and in 1840, he opened his own store in the Village of Elbridge.

paragraph: In 1846, he married Julia Townsend (1824–1906), daughter of Mayor of Albany John Townsend (1783–1854), and granddaughter of Chief Justice Ambrose Spencer (1765–1848). The Munroes traveled for a year around Europe, upon their return settled in Syracuse, and had ten children. In Syracuse, Munroe engaged in milling, manufacturing and banking. He was President of the Onondaga County Savings Bank; and Vice President of the Oswego and Syracuse Railroad.

paragraph: He was Mayor of Syracuse in 1854; Engineer-in-Chief of the State Militia from September 1857 until the end of 1858; a member of the New York State Senate (22nd D.) from 1860 to 1863, sitting in the 83rd, 84th, 85th and 86th New York State Legislatures; and a member of the New York State Assembly (Onondaga Co., 1st D.) in 1876.

paragraph: He died at Syracuse, and was buried at the Oakwood Cemetery there.

paragraph: State Senator James Munroe (1815–1869) was his brother; Assemblyman Squire Manro (1757–1835) was his grandfather.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New York Civil List" compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; pg. 401, 442f and 548)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York" by William D. Murphy (1861; pg. 89ff)

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Allen Munroe

wikipedia_title: Allen Munroe


text: Count of Soissons

text: Dunkirk

text: Gravelines

text: Bourbourg

text: Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol

text: Order of the Golden Fleece

text: Battle of Morat

text: Peter

categories: 15th-century births,Knights of the Golden Fleece,Counts of Soissons,1476 deaths,Year of birth uncertain,House of Luxembourg,Burgundian Wars,15th-century French people

paragraph: John of Luxembourg, Count of Soissons

paragraph: John of Luxembourg (died 22 June 1476) was Count of Marle and Count of Soissons between 1462 and 1476, Lord of Dunkirk, Gravelines and Bourbourg.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol and Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons.br

paragraph: When his mother died in 1462, he became Count of Marle and Soissons.br

paragraph: John became a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1473.br

paragraph: When his father was beheaded for treason in 1475, John wasn't able to inherit his lands, because they were confiscated.

paragraph: John was killed one year later at the Battle of Morat.

paragraph: He never married and his lands went to his younger brother Peter.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raphael de Smedt (Ed.) : "Les chevaliers de l’ordre de la Toison d’or au XVe siècle. Notices bio-bibliographiques." (Kieler Werkstücke, D 3) Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt 2000, , p. 176f.

wikidata_label: John of Luxembourg, Count of Soissons

wikipedia_title: John of Luxembourg, Count of Soissons


text:
Ringsaker
Hedmark
Tysnes
Hardanger
Bergen Cathedral School
Hamar
University of Kristiania
Hamar
"I Cancelliraadens dage"
Uplands
"Gamle folk og andre fortællinger"
"Bispesønnen og andre fortellinger"
"Hjemfærd"
"Fabler og hændelser"
epilepsy
Gran
Henrik Lund
Olav Engebrigtsen
Regine Normann
Digitized books by Andersen
National Library of Norway

categories: 19th-century Norwegian novelists,1920 deaths,University of Oslo alumni,1866 births,People from Ringsaker,20th-century Norwegian novelists

paragraph: Tryggve Andersen

paragraph: Tryggve Andersen (27 September 1866 – 10 April 1920) was a Norwegian novelist, poet and story writer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Andersen was born in Ringsaker in Hedmark, Norway. He was one of ten children born to Christen Andersen (1825–93) and Antonette Krogvig (1840–1932). His father was a trader and later bailiff. When Andersen was nine years old, the family moved to Tysnes in Hardanger. In 1878, Andersen entered Bergen Cathedral School. He later attended school in Hamar and took his student exams in 1885.

paragraph: He attended the University of Kristiania until 1892, but did not graduate. He subsequently became an office worker in Hamar.

paragraph: Andersen made his literary debut in 1897 with the historical novel collection "I Cancelliraadens dage", a collection of tales from the early 1800s in the Norwegian Uplands. It was received with great enthusiasm and earned him an endowment. The book is commonly viewed as a highlight in Andersen's work. It is regarded a pioneer work of its kind, and has later been analyzed by several literary historians.

paragraph: Among his other works are the poetry collection "Digte" from 1898, and the novel "Mod kvæld" from 1900. Between the years 1904-19, he published five collections of narratives and novels including "Gamle folk og andre fortællinger" (1904), "Bispesønnen og andre fortellinger" (1907), "Hjemfærd" (1913) and "Fabler og hændelser" (1915).

paragraph: Andersen suffered from various health problems. From adolescence, Andersen suffered from melancholy and depression. In later years he was diagnosed with epilepsy. He died in Gran during 1920. He has been portrayed by painters Henrik Lund, Olav Engebrigtsen and Karl Konow. Sculptor Jens Munthe Svendsen (1869-1957) made a bronze bust of him in 1920.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He was married three times; in 1898 with Margrethe Schønberg (1871-1901); in 1906 with the author Regine Normann (1867-1939); in 1914 with Margarethe Tichauer (1891-1938).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Digitized books by Andersen in the National Library of Norway

description: Norwegian writer

wikidata_label: Tryggve Andersen

wikipedia_title: Tryggve Andersen


text:
Iran
footballer
Sepidrood
Iran's Premier Football League
Persepolis Academy
Malavan
Alireza Jarahkar
Team Melli
Carlos Queiroz
Siamak Kouroshi
Naft Tehran F.C.
Mozambique
Ahmad Ahi
Persianleague.com

categories: Iranian footballers,Living people,Iran international footballers,1985 births,Persepolis F.C. players,Malavan players

paragraph: Ahmad Ahi

paragraph: Ahmad Ahi (; born 1985) is an Iranian footballer who currently plays for Sepidrood in the Iran's Premier Football League.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Ahi started his career with Persepolis Academy. In 2006, he was promoted to the first team but never played a game. In summer 2011 he joined Malavan and was given the #26 jersey. After Alireza Jarahkar was injured, he was used as a regular player, and the club extended his contract for another two years in summer 2012.

paragraph: Section::::International.

paragraph: He invited Team Melli in April 2012 by Carlos Queiroz after injury of Siamak Kouroshi, former Naft Tehran F.C. Defender. He made his debut for national team in 3–0 victory against Mozambique while he used as a substitute.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahmad Ahi at Persianleague.com

description: Iranian footballer

wikidata_label: Ahmad Ahi

wikipedia_title: Ahmad Ahi


text: Catholic

text: the Congo

text: Ruanda-Urundi

text: British East Africa

text: British West Africa

text: Amida

text: Archbishop-Bishop of Nusco

text: Buonalbergo

text: comune

text: province of Benevento

text: Campania

text: noble family

text: tsar

text: Benevento

text: San Marco dei Cavoti

text: Catholic Church

text: religious vows

text: Naples

text: Adeodato Giovanni Piazza

text: Pontifical Lateran University

text: Sapienza University of Rome

text: chargé d'affaires

text: Santiago de Chile

text: Switzerland

text: Apostolic Nunciature to Switzerland

text: Bern

text: Pope Pius XII

text: Mombasa

text: British East Africa

text: British West Africa

text: Léopoldville

text: the Congo

text: Ruanda-Urundi

text: Titular Archbishop

text: Amida

text: Domenico Tardini

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Archbishop-Bishop of Nusco

text: Montella

text: hermitage

text: Vincentian priests

text: funeral Mass

text: Andrea Mugione

text: Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi

text: Catholic Church in Italy

text: Papal diplomacy

wikipedia_title: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi-Conza-Nusco-Bisaccia

categories: Diplomats of the Holy See,2008 deaths,21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops,20th-century Italian people,Sapienza University of Rome alumni,Archbishops of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi-Conza-Nusco-Bisaccia,Roman Catholic archbishops in Italy,People from the Province of Benevento,Italian titular archbishops,Pontifical Lateran University alumni,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,1914 births,21st-century Italian people

paragraph: Gastone Mojaisky Perrelli

paragraph: Gastone Mojaisky Perrelli (born Gastone Mojaisky, 6 August 1914 – 5 March 2008) was an Italian Catholic archbishop. He served as Apostolic Delegate to the Congo and Ruanda-Urundi and then to British East Africa and British West Africa, during which time he held the Titular Archbishopric of Amida. He later served as Archbishop-Bishop of Nusco and as Archbishop of Conza-Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi-Bisaccia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Formation.

paragraph: Gastone Mojaisky was born on 6 August 1937 in Buonalbergo, a "comune" in the province of Benevento and the Italian region of Campania. He was born to the noble family of a Russian ambassador who was at the service of the tsar. He was the son of Alceste Perrelli of the noble family of Buonalbergo (after which the city was named) and Carlo, a lawyer and municipal secretary whose family had taken refuge in Buonalbergo for political reasons and established kinship with the illustrious families of the area, including the Perrelli, Mogavero, Cosentini, and D'Amore families, the latter two originally being from Benevento and San Marco dei Cavoti.

paragraph: In Buonalbergo, Mojaisky Perrelli was raised in the Christian religion by his family, who turned to the Catholic Church after the untimely death of Alceste Perrelli and the unexpected devotion of Anna Mojaisky, Gastone's sister, who, in memory of her mother, professed her religious vows and took the name Sister Alceste before dying at a young age in 1934.

paragraph: Mojaisky Perrelli was raised by his stepmother Donna Emilia D'Amore. After finishing his studies in Naples at G.B. Vico high school, he decided to enter the priesthood. He entered the Pontifical Seminary of Benevento and received his cassock as a seminarian on 14 November 1932 from Archbishop Adeodato Giovanni Piazza.

paragraph: In 1937, at the Church of San Nicola di Bari in Buonalbergo, Mojaisky Perrelli was ordained a priest by Archbishop Orazio Mazzella. He later graduated from the Pontifical Lateran University, where he studied canon law, and from the Sapienza University of Rome, where he studied classical letters. He then added to his surname that of his mother, Perrelli.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Diplomatic career.

paragraph: During his schooling and university education, he became fluent in five languages, which enabled him to be sent to Bolivia in 1942 as secretary of the Apostolic Nunciature to Bolivia. While there, he was appointed the chargé d'affaires "ad interim" in 1945.

paragraph: In 1946, he was sent to Santiago de Chile, then moved to Switzerland three years later as an auditor of the Apostolic Nunciature to Switzerland in Bern. In 1951, he was sent as an advisor to the Nunciature in Mexico. While rector of the Apostolic Nunciatures in Cuba and in Guatemala, he was sent by Pope Pius XII to Mombasa in 1957 as Apostolic Delegate to British East Africa and British West Africa, an assignment he later held in Léopoldville while simultaneously Apostolic Delegate to the Congo and Ruanda-Urundi.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Episcopal ministry.

paragraph: Mojaisky Perrelli was appointed Titular Archbishop of Amida on 8 August 1959 and was ordained a bishop on 1 November of that year by Cardinal Domenico Tardini and co-consecrators Archbishop Pietro Sigismondi and Bishop Vittorio Longo. He was a Council Father in all four periods of the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965.

paragraph: Mojaisky Perrelli was then appointed Archbishop-Bishop of Nusco on 10 May 1963 (archbishop being granted to him as a personal title) and Archbishop of Conza-Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi-Bisaccia on 4 August 1973, both of which he held simultaneously until 1978. In these roles, he distinguished himself for his noble, strong-willed, austere, and upright character. On 18 November 1978, after a heated conflict with the local clergy, he resigned his pastoral offices and lived near the shrine of the Most Holy Savior in Montella in near-hermitage.

paragraph: In the mid-1980s, he moved to Naples, where he lived in retirement and holding the title of Archbishop Emeritus of Nusco, in a community of Vincentian priests in Via Vergini. There, he died at dawn on 5 March 2008.

paragraph: Following the solemn funeral Mass celebrated by Archbishop Andrea Mugione on 7 March in Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, he was buried in the family tomb in Buonalbergo. During his life, he was appointed a Knight of the Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Papal diplomacy

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archdiocese of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi-Conza-Nusco-Bisaccia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secretariat of State of the Holy See

alias:
Gastone Mojaisky-Perrelli
Gastone Mojaisky

description: Italian Catholic archbishop

wikidata_label: Gastone Mojaisky Perrelli

wikipedia_title: Gastone Mojaisky Perrelli


text:
East German
Peasants Mutual Aid Association
National Front
Third Reich
Reich Labour Service
Wehrmacht
World War II
Hanover
German Democratic Republic
SED
VdgB
Patriotic Order of Merit
Order of Karl Marx

wikipedia_title: National Front of the German Democratic Republic

categories: People from the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin,Peasants Mutual Aid Association members,German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States,1979 deaths,Members of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany,German military personnel of World War II,People from Vorpommern-Rügen,Heroes of Labour (GDR),1921 births,Recipients of the Order of Karl Marx

paragraph: Ernst Wulf

paragraph: Ernst Wulf (1921-1979) was an East German farmer and political activist who served as chairman of the Peasants Mutual Aid Association, a mass organization within the National Front, from 1964 to 1979.

paragraph: During the reign of the Third Reich, Wulf was a member of the Reich Labour Service, and fought in the Wehrmacht in World War II, before being captured. After the war, he worked in Hanover for two years before moving to his home town, in the newly created German Democratic Republic. He joined the SED and became noted in the country for his contributions to agricultural output. He was a candidate for the Central Committee of the party in 1958.

paragraph: In 1960, he was elected deputy chairman of the VdgB, and in 1964 he became chairman, a post he would hold until his death in 1979.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patriotic Order of Merit in Bronze (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Karl Marx (1969)

description: German politician

wikidata_label: Ernst Wulf

wikipedia_title: Ernst Wulf


text: United States Marine Corps

text: major general

text: 7th Defense Battalion

text: Palau Islands Campaign

text: 1st Marine Division

text: Marine Corps Base Quantico

text: Ogdensburg, New York

text: Ogdensburg Free Academy

text: St. Lawrence University

text: Canton, New York

text: United States Naval Academy

text: Annapolis, Maryland

text: track

text: crew

text: football

text: bachelor's degree

text: George W. Anderson, Jr.

text: Glynn R. Donaho

text: John C. Munn

text: Alan Shapley

text: Thomas J. Hamilton

text: William H. Leahy

text: Francis M. McAlister

text: Jack P. Juhan

text: Richard P. Ross Jr.

text: Earl S. Piper

text: the Basic School

text: Philadelphia Navy Yard

text: 1928 Summer Olympics

text: hammer throw

text: Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.

text: Logan Feland

text: Nicaragua

text: Augusto César Sandino

text: Caribbean

text: Malaria

text: Marine Barracks Parris Island

text: South Carolina

text: Naval Academy

text: Ford Instrument Company

text: Long Island

text: New York

text: USS "Indianapolis"

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

text: Campobello Island

text: Annapolis, Maryland

text: Norfolk Navy Yard

text: USS "Idaho"

text: Marine Corps Base Quantico

text: Virginia

text: 10th Marine Artillery Regiment

text: Culebra, Puerto Rico

text: Robert H. Pepper

text: 5th Defense Battalion

text: Iceland

text: occupation

text: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

text: Winston Churchill

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

text: Nova Scotia

text: Canada

text: Samuel M. Harrington

text: lieutenant colonel

text: Camp Lejeune

text: North Carolina

text: Pacific area

text: 7th Defense Battalion

text: Gilbert Islands

text: Hawaii

text: Palau Islands Campaign

text: Angaur

text: colonel

text: Fleet Marine Force, Pacific

text: Holland M. Smith

text: Guam

text: Pacific area

text: Legion of Merit

text: Headquarters Marine Corps

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Chief of Naval Operations

text: Chester W. Nimitz

text: Army Commendation Medal

text: National War College

text: Troop Training Unit, Atlantic Fleet

text: Little Creek, Virginia

text: Robert H. Pepper

text: Quantico, Virginia

text: brigadier general

text: Camp Lejeune

text: 2nd Marine Division

text: George F. Good

text: Korea

text: 1st Marine Division

text: Robert E. Hogaboom

text: Korean Demilitarized Zone

text: Korean Armistice Agreement

text: Panmunjom

text: Legion of Merit

text: Korean Ulchi Medal

text: South Korea

text: Marine Corps Base Quantico

text: major general

text: Marine Corps Base Quantico

text: Headquarters Marine Corps

text: Camp Pendleton

text: California

text: 1st Marine Division

text: California

text: Rotary Club

text: YMCA

text: St. Lawrence University

text: Carlsbad

text: San Diego

text: Marine defense battalions

text: Robert H. Pepper

text: Harry K. Pickett

wikipedia_title: Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island

wikipedia_title: United Nations Command, Military Armistice Commission, Korea

categories: United States Naval Academy alumni,National War College alumni,People of the Banana Wars,People from Ogdensburg, New York,1904 births,American Marine Corps personnel of World War II,United States Marine Corps generals,1989 deaths

paragraph: Henry R. Paige

paragraph: Henry Reid Paige (March 30, 1904 – April 22, 1989) was a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of major general. He is most noted for his service as commanding officer of 7th Defense Battalion during Palau Islands Campaign and later as commanding general of 1st Marine Division or as director of Marine Corps Educational Center at Marine Corps Base Quantico. He also served as temporary base commander in summer 1956.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Henry R. Paige was born on March 30, 1904, in Ogdensburg, New York, as oldest child of Alfred Smith Paige and his wife Ella May Reed Paige. Paige's family operated local brickyard, which was established by Henry's great-grandfather sometimes in the first half of 19th century. Young Hank also worked there and earned his first money. He was later sent to the Ogdensburg Free Academy and following the graduation in 1922, he enrolled the St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York.

paragraph: While at university, Paige affiliated with Delta Tau Phi fraternity and met there his future wife, Gladys Mary Louise Brundage. They married in July 1927. However Paige completed only one year at St. Lawrence, because in 1923 he received desired appointed to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. During his time at the academy, Paige competed in track, crew and football. During one football game, Hank fractured his leg and spent a half year in hospital. He graduated on June 2, 1927, with a bachelor's degree and was commissioned second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on the same date. Many of his classmates became general officers later: George W. Anderson, Jr., Glynn R. Donaho, John C. Munn, Alan Shapley, Clarence E. Coffin, Samuel H. Crittenden Jr., Timothy F. Donohue, Thomas J. Hamilton, Herbert L. Hoerner, William P. Chilton, Alexander M. Kowalzyk, William L. Knickerbocker, Leland R. Lampman, William H. Leahy, William F. Royall, Brooke Schumm, Francis M. McAlister, Samuel S. Jack, Jack P. Juhan, David F. O'Neil, Walter L. J. Bayler, Joseph W. Earnshaw, Harold D. Hansen, Archie E. O'Neil, Richard P. Ross Jr., Miles S. Newton or Earl S. Piper.

paragraph: Following his graduation, Paige was ordered to the Basic School at Philadelphia Navy Yard for further officer training. He completed the course in February 1928 and returned to Annapolis for tryouts in connection with 1928 Summer Olympics. During the try-out, he made it to the final in the hammer throw, but did not qualify.

paragraph: Paige was transferred to the Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C. in September 1928 and remained there until January 1929, when he was attached to the 2nd Marine Brigade under Brigadier General Logan Feland and ordered to Nicaragua. He then took part in the jungle patrols and operations against rebel bandits under Augusto César Sandino. During his time in Caribbean, he was infected with Malaria twice, but recovered soon thereafter and resumed his duties. Paige was decorated with Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit with Diploma for his service in connection with anti-bandits operations.

paragraph: Upon his return to the States in August 1930, Paige was attached to the Marine Barracks Parris Island, South Carolina until January 1932. Paige then returned to the Naval Academy as an instructor in the physical training department. He remained there only one semester and subsequently attended an antiaircraft direction school at the Ford Instrument Company at Long Island, New York.

paragraph: His first sea duties came in October 1932, when was attached to the Marine detachment aboard the heavy cruiser USS "Indianapolis". Paige was given a great honor, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt made his first presidential trip aboard that vessel. Roosevelt sailed from his summer house at Campobello Island to Annapolis, Maryland. Paige was also presented to the President and had opportunity to speak with him about Ogdensburg and the Roosevelts' many friends here and in St. Lawrence County.

paragraph: Paige was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in September 1933 and left "Indy" in November of that year. He then served briefly at Norfolk Navy Yard, before assumed command of the Marine detachment aboard the battleship USS "Idaho" in January 1934. The "Idaho" was undergoing a major reconstruction at Norfolk, and ship remained there until October of that year. Meanwhile, Paige was promoted to the rank of captain in July 1934 and left "Idaho" one month later.

paragraph: Paige was subsequently transferred to Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, and attached to the 10th Marine Artillery Regiment there. He took part in the fleet exercise in Culebra, Puerto Rico, in 1935 and subsequently went to the staff of Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, as an instructor in August 1936. Paige served briefly as an instructor within the Platoon Leaders Class, before attending the Junior Course there in May 1937.

paragraph: He then served with the Marine barracks on Guam and participated in the planning of airstrips and air bases there until August 1939.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: Following his return to the States in August 1939, Paige was attached to the newly activated 3rd Defense Battalion under Lieutenant Colonel Robert H. Pepper at Parris Island. Paige served as Battery commander and helped with the activation of 4th and 5th Defense Battalions. He remained with 5th Defense Battalion as Battery commander and following the promotion to the rank of major in May 1941, he was appointed Commander of Three Inch Antiaircraft Group of his battalion.

paragraph: Paige sailed with his unit for Iceland and took part in its occupation until March 1942. While in Iceland his unit was reviewed by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Winston Churchill, who stopped over after a conference with President Franklin D. Roosevelt in Nova Scotia, Canada.

paragraph: The 5th Defense battalion was ordered back to the States in March 1942 and Paige was transferred to the staff of Marine Corps Schools, Quantico one month later. He served under Brigadier General Samuel M. Harrington as director of the Artillery course and also received temporary promotion to the rank of lieutenant colonel in August 1942. Paige was transferred to command Artillery battalion within Training center at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina in January 1943 and remained there until November of that year.

paragraph: Lieutenant Colonel Paige finally sailed for Pacific area in November 1943 and assumed command of the 7th Defense Battalion at Gilbert Islands. Paige led his battalion to Hawaii in April 1944, where it was redesignated 7th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion. His unit later took part in the Palau Islands Campaign in September 1944 and subsequently deployed to Angaur island as Garrison force. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in October 1944.

paragraph: In November 1944, Paige was ordered back to Hawaii to organize 1st Provisional Antiaircraft Artillery Group, before he was transferred to the headquarters Fleet Marine Force, Pacific in December of that year. He was appointed Fleet Antiaircraft officer under Lieutenant General Holland M. Smith and remained in that capacity until May 1945. Paige then took command of the 2nd Provisional Antiaircraft Artillery Group on Guam and remained there until October 1945.

paragraph: For his service in the Pacific area throughout the War, Paige was decorated with the Legion of Merit with Combat "V" by general Holland Smith.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Colonel Paige was attached to the Supply section at Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C., and subsequently appointed Technical planner in the Logistics Plan Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations under Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz. While in that capacity, Paige served simultaneously with Joint Army and Navy Chemical Warfare Coordination Committee. He was decorated later with Army Commendation Medal for his service with that committee.

paragraph: In August 1948, Paige was attached to the course at National War College and graduated in July 1949. His next assignment was the capacity of chief of staff with Troop Training Unit, Atlantic Fleet at Little Creek, Virginia, under Brigadier General Robert H. Pepper. In September 1950, Paige was appointed first president of Tactics and Techniques board within Marine Corps Development Center at Quantico, Virginia.

paragraph: Paige was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in September 1953 and appointed chief of staff, Camp Lejeune. His tenure was a brief and he was attached to 2nd Marine Division as assistant division commander to Major General George F. Good. The 2nd Division underwent intensive training, but did not deployed to Korea.

paragraph: However Paige was transferred to Korea himself in July 1954 and joined 1st Marine Division under Major General Robert E. Hogaboom as assistant division commander. Although the truce was already in effect for more than year, 1st Marine Division remained in defensive positions along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. During his time in Korea, Paige also served as navy member of the United Nations Military Armistice Commission, which was tasked to supervise the Korean Armistice Agreement. He attended several meetings with the Communists representatives at Panmunjom. He showed great administrative and diplomatic skills and army command decorated him with Legion of Merit. Paige also received Korean Ulchi Medal from the Government of South Korea.

paragraph: The last units of 1st Marine Division were ordered back to the United States in April 1955 and Paige was transferred to Marine Corps Base Quantico and appointed director of Marine Corps Educational Center located there. While served in this capacity, Paige was involved in the development of helicopters crews. He was promoted to the rank of major general in November 1955. Paige also served as temporary Commander of Marine Corps Base Quantico from July to September 1956. As temporary commander of the Quantico Base, he also served dual capacity as commandant of the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico.

paragraph: In July 1957, Paige was appointed assistant chief of staff for logistics at Headquarters Marine Corps and remained there until fall 1959. His final assignment came in November of that year, when he was ordered to Camp Pendleton, California, and appointed commanding general of famed 1st Marine Division. During his tenure, over 17,000 Marines were under his command.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: Major General Henry R. Paige retired from the active service on July 1, 1961, after 34 years of commissioned service. Upon his retirement from the military, he settled in California and served as a director of the Oceanside Chamber of Commerce and the Oceanside United Service Organizations and president of the Oceanside Rotary Club. Paige was also a member of U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association, the Marine Corps Association, the 1st Marine Division Association and the North County YMCA board. Paige also received honorary doctorate from St. Lawrence University.

paragraph: He died on April 22, 1989, in his Carlsbad residence, aged 85. His wife Gladys, died just several months later. They are both buried at Eternal Hills Memorial Park, San Diego. They had together four kids: son Reid and daughters: Mary Ellen, Ann, and Shirley.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations.

paragraph: Here is the ribbon bar of Major General Henry R. Paige:

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of 1st Marine Division Commanders

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marine defense battalions

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert H. Pepper

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry K. Pickett

wikidata_label: Henry R. Paige

wikipedia_title: Henry R. Paige


text:
athlete
men's triple jump
1924 Summer Olympics

wikipedia_title: Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump

categories: 1897 births,Olympic athletes of France,French male triple jumpers,Sportspeople from Allier,People from Montluçon,1971 deaths,Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics

paragraph: André Clayeux

paragraph: André Clayeux (2 April 1897 – 30 January 1971) was a French athlete. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

description: French athletics competitor

wikidata_label: André Clayeux

wikipedia_title: André Clayeux


text: classical dancer

text: Kathakali

text: abhinaya

text: Sangeet Natak Akademi Award

text: Government of India

text: Padma Shri

text: Thichur

text: Thrissur district

text: Ooty

text: Tamil Nadu

text: Vikram Sarabhai

text: Mrinalini Sarabhai

text: Darpana Academy of Performing Arts

text: Nalacharitham

text: Sangeet Natak Akademi Award

text: Government of India

text: Kerala Kalamandalam

text: Government of Kerala

text: Jawaharlal Nehru

text: Prime Minister of India

text: Republic Day honours

text: Government of India

text: Padma Shri

text: Kathakali

text: Indian classical dance

wikipedia_title: Orders, decorations, and medals of India

categories: People from Thrissur district,1922 births,Kathakali exponents,Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts,Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award,2007 deaths,Malayali people,Performers of Indian classical dance,Dancers from Kerala,Indian male dancers

paragraph: Kavungal Chathunni Panicker

paragraph: Kavungal Chathunni Panicker was an Indian classical dancer, known for his proficiency in Kathakali, the traditional dance form of Kerala. He was an exponent of the "Kavungal School of Kathakali" ("Kavungal Kalari"), noted for its rigorous training methods and overt physical interpretation of abhinaya. He is known to have brought innovations to the dance form, especially in the decorative movements ("kalasam") and his contributions are reported in the development of grammar and costumes for the Kavungal School. A recipient of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1973, Panicker was honored again by the Government of India, in 2006, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Kavungal Chathunni Panicker was born in 1922 in the small hamlet of Thichur, near Vadakkancherry in Thrissur district in the South Indian state of Kerala. He started learning Kathakali in 1933, at the age of eleven, under the tutelage of Sankara Panicker, his uncle, where he stayed for three years and later under Katambur Gopalan Nair. His debut performance was in 1936 at the age of 14. In six years time, aged 20, Panicker formed his own troupe.

paragraph: In 1947, Panicker and his troupe rendered a performance in Ooty, a hill station in the state of Tamil Nadu where he had the opportunity to meet Vikram Sarabhai, Indian scientist and his wife, Mrinalini Sarabhai, renowned classical dancer and the founder of Darpana Academy of Performing Arts, Ahmedabad. The next year, Panicker received invitation from Mrinalini Sarabhai to join the institution as its principal. He accepted the offer and stayed with Darpana till his retirement in 1985. The association assisted him to travel with the group, perform at various countries around the world and associate with the group's experimental productions such as "Manushyan". He continued his kathakali performance during his stint at Ahmedabad and is known to have had several notable performances such as Hanuman in "Kalyana Saugandhikam" and "Thoranayudham", Raudrabhima in "Duryodhana Vadham" and Kattala (Hunter) in Nalacharitham and "Kiratham".

paragraph: After returning to Kerala, he tried to found a school for kathakali, but suffered a stroke which incapacitated him, leaving the effort unfinished. Chathunni Panicker died on 29 November 2007, succumbing to illnesses that dogged him for three months, at a hospital in Erumapetty, near his native village of Thichur, leaving his wife, their two children and many of his disciples.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognitions.

paragraph: Chathunni Panicker received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award from the Government of India in 1973. This was followed by the Gujarat State Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and Kerala Kalamandalam Fellowship. Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship in 2003. The next year, in 2004, he received "Kerala State Kathakali Award" from the Government of Kerala. Panicker, who is reported to have been presented an amulet and medal by Jawaharlal Nehru, former Prime Minister of India, was included in the Republic Day honours list by the Government of India, in 2006, for the civilian honour of Padma Shri.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kathakali

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indian classical dance

description: Indian classical dancer

wikidata_label: Kavungal Chathunni Panicker

wikipedia_title: Kavungal Chathunni Panicker


text:
Sleeping Beauty
hibernation
Oknö
Mönsterås
witchcraft
midwife
hysteria
Oskarshamn
electroconvulsive therapy
dementia paralytica
intracranial hemorrhage
Catatonia
Persistent vegetative state
Hikikomori

wikipedia_title:
Sleeping Beauty
Hibernation
Oknö
Mönsterås
Witchcraft
Midwife
Female hysteria
Oskarshamn
Electroconvulsive therapy
General paresis of the insane
Intracranial hemorrhage
Catatonia
Persistent vegetative state
Hikikomori

categories: 1861 births,20th-century Swedish people,Disease-related deaths in Sweden,19th-century Swedish people,1950 deaths,People from Mönsterås Municipality

paragraph: Karolina Olsson

paragraph: Karolina Olsson (29 October 1861 – 5 April 1950), also known as "Soverskan på Oknö" ("The Sleeping Beauty of Oknö"), was a Swedish woman who purportedly remained in hibernation between 1876 and 1908 (32 years).

paragraph: This is believed to be the longest time that anyone has lived in this manner who then awoke without any residual symptoms.

paragraph: However, it has been claimed that Olsson may not really have been asleep and hibernating all that time. There were many unexplained characteristics of her state; for example, her hair, fingernails, and toenails did not seem to grow. Harald Fröderström observed in 1912 that she might have been pretending to sleep, or had been suffering from psychological problems and simply convinced herself that she was ill.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Olsson was born in Oknö near Mönsterås, the second-eldest of five children; her siblings were all brothers. She suffered a head wound while outdoors at age 14 on 18 February 1876, but seemed to recover from it quickly. On 22 February, she complained of a toothache. Her family believed that her tooth was sore because of witchcraft, and she was ordered to go to bed. However, when she fell asleep, she did not wake up.

paragraph: Her father was a fisherman and unable to afford a doctor, and the family relied instead on the advice of friends and the town midwife. Olsson's mother force-fed her milk and sugar water. Finally, the neighbors paid for a visit from a doctor, who was unable to wake the sleeping girl and determined that she was in a coma. This doctor continued to visit her for a year, after which he wrote to the editor of Scandinavia's leading medical journal, soliciting the help of other professionals in finding a cure for Olsson's continuous sleep-state. Olsson was visited by doctors who noted that her hair, fingernails, and toenails did not appear to grow. The family reported that Olsson occasionally sat up and "mumble[d] prayers she had learned by rote in childhood".

paragraph: One doctor who visited Olsson was Johan Emil Almbladh, who thought that her sleep-state was a result of hysteria. In July 1892, Olsson was hospitalized in Oskarshamn, where she was treated with electroconvulsive therapy. On 2 August 1892, she was released from the hospital without awakening or her situation improving. The hospital said that the appropriate diagnosis was "dementia paralytica". However, there is little to suggest that she actually suffered from that illness. She was not re-examined by a doctor until she awoke from her sleep.

paragraph: During the entire time that she was asleep, Olsson was given two glasses of milk each day. Her mother died in 1904, and after this, a maid continued to take care of Olsson and the household. Upon the death of her brother in 1907, Karolina began crying hysterically, although she remained asleep. She reportedly did not touch any food that she received during her years in bed, and the family's maid never heard her speaking.

paragraph: Olsson awoke on 3 April 1908, 32 years and 42 days after she had first fallen asleep. The maid found her crying and jumping on the floor. When her surviving brothers arrived, however, she did not recognize them. She was very thin and pale, and she showed sensitivity to light during the first few days after awakening. She was weak and had difficulty speaking. She could still read and write, and she remembered everything that she had learned before she fell asleep. Newspaper reporters from all over Europe, England, and the United States travelled to Oknö to interview her, and she and the family went into hiding to avoid the attention. She submitted to psychiatric testing in Stockholm and was found to be in full possession of the faculties that she had possessed before she fell asleep. At 46 years old, she was described as appearing to be no older than 25.

paragraph: Psychiatrist Dr. Frödeström met Olsson in 1910. He published a paper on her condition in 1912 titled "La Dormeuse d'Oknö – 21 Ans de Stupeur. Guérison Complète", but his analysis was limited to her situation being an unclear case of hibernation. It was later revealed that Olsson did wake up occasionally and, when she did, she reacted with sorrow and anger. Frödeström speculated that Olsson thought that she was seriously ill, and that she remained still with her eyes closed and refused to eat to elicit sympathy. It has been conjectured that her mother had helped her and kept the fact secret that she was no longer hibernating.

paragraph: Olsson died in 1950 aged 88 from an intracranial hemorrhage.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catatonia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Persistent vegetative state

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hikikomori

description: Swedish hibernator

wikidata_label: Karolina Olsson

wikipedia_title: Karolina Olsson


text: Encyclopædias

text: German

text: Transylvanian Saxon

text: Calvinist

text: Ramism

text: Lullism

text: pedagogy

text: encyclopedia

text: millenarianism

text: Mittenaar

text: Herborn Academy

text: Hesse

text: Johannes Piscator

text: University of Marburg

text: Rudolf Goclenius

text: Gregorius Schönfeld

text: Raphaël Egli

text: Basel

text: Leonhardt Zubler

text: Amandus Polanus von Polansdorf

text: Johann Buxtorf

text: philosophy

text: theology

text: Thirty Years' War

text: Transylvania

text: Weißenburg

text: Romania

text: Johannes Bisterfeld

text: János Apáczai Csere

text: Bernard Lamy

text: Cotton Mather

text: John Amos Comenius

text: Gottfried Wilhelm Liebniz

text: Samuel Pepys

text: Jacob Thomasius

text: plagiarism

text: Augustus De Morgan

text: Calvinist metaphysics

text: Clemens Timpler

text: Bartolomaeus Keckermann

text: Perry Miller

text: Ramist

text: topical art of memory

text: topical logic

text: John Prideaux

text: Hotman

text: Philippo-Ramists

text: Melanchthon

text: anti-Trinitarian

text: Johannes Völkel

text: Fausto Sozzini

text: Polish Unitarian

text: Giordano Bruno

text: Aristotle

text: Raymond Lull

text: Petrus Ramus

text: Bernard de Lavinheta

text: Bartholomäus Keckermann

text: natural theology

text: Encyclopaedia Cursus Philosophici

text: Walter J. Ong

text: Maria Rosa Antognazza

categories: 17th-century German Protestant theologians,German male non-fiction writers,German Calvinist and Reformed theologians,1638 deaths,17th-century apocalypticists,17th-century male writers,People from Lahn-Dill-Kreis,1588 births,German encyclopedists,17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians,German music theorists,17th-century German writers

paragraph: Johann Heinrich Alsted

paragraph: Johann Heinrich Alsted (March 1588 – November 9, 1638), "the true parent of all the Encyclopædias",. was a German-born Transylvanian Saxon Calvinist minister and academic, known for his varied interests: in Ramism and Lullism, pedagogy and encyclopedias, theology and millenarianism. His contemporaries noted that an anagram of Alstedius was "sedulitas", meaning "hard work" in Latin.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Alsted was born in Mittenaar. He was educated at Herborn Academy in the state of Hesse, studying under Johannes Piscator. From 1606 he was at the University of Marburg, taught by Rudolf Goclenius, Gregorius Schönfeld and Raphaël Egli. The following year he went to Basel, where his teachers were Leonhardt Zubler for mathematics, Amandus Polanus von Polansdorf for theology, and Johann Buxtorf. From about 1608 he returned to the Herborn Academy to teach as professor of philosophy and theology.

paragraph: Alsted was later in exile from the Thirty Years' War in Transylvania, where he remained for the rest of his life. In 1629 he left war-torn Germany for Weißenburg (now Alba Iulia in Romania) to found a Calvinist Academy: the context was that the Transylvanian royal family had just returned from Unitarianism to Calvinism, and Alsted and Johannes Bisterfeld were German professors brought in to improve standards. Among the students there was János Apáczai Csere.

paragraph: Alsted died in Alba Iulia in 1638.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Encyclopedist.

paragraph: Alsted has been called 'one of the most important encyclopedists of all time'. He was a prolific writer, and his "Encyclopaedia" (1630) long had a high reputation. It was preceded by shorter works, including the 1608 "Encyclopaedia cursus philosophici". His major encyclopedia of 1630, the "Encyclopaedia, Septem Tomis Distincta", was divided into 35 books, and had 48 synoptical tables as well as an index. Alsted described it as "a methodical systemization of all things which ought to be learned by men in this life. In short, it is the totality of knowledge." In its time it was praised by Bernard Lamy and Cotton Mather, and it informed the work of Alsted's student John Amos Comenius. An unfinished encyclopedic project by Gottfried Wilhelm Liebniz began as a plan to expand and modernize it, and the famous diarist Samuel Pepys purchased a copy in 1660—thirty years after its initial publication. Although Jacob Thomasius criticised it for plagiarism for verbatim copying without acknowledgment, Augustus De Morgan later called it "the true parent of all the Encyclopædias, or collections of treatises, or works in which that character predominates".

paragraph: "The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy", p. 632, in the context of Calvinist metaphysics, states

paragraph: "In the works of authors like Clemens Timpler of Heidelberg and Steinfurt, Bartolomaeus Keckermann of Heidelberg and Danzig, and Johann Heinrich Alsted of Herborn there appeared a new, unified vision of the encyclopaedia of the scientific disciplines in which ontology had the role of assigning to each of the particular sciences its proper domain."

paragraph: In his "The New England Mind", Perry Miller writes about the "Encyclopaedia":

paragraph: It was reissued as a 4-volume facsimile reprint, edited by W. Schmidt-Biggemann (Fromann-Holzboog Press, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, 1989–1990).

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Encyclopedist.:Alstedius' Encyclopedia Biblica.

paragraph: In 1610, Alstedius published the first edition of his Encyclopedia. In 1630, he published a second edition in a much more comprehensive form, in two large folio volumes. In the second edition, he professes to reduce the several branches of art and science then known and studied into a system. In this work, and his Encyclopedia Biblica, he tries to prove that the foundation and materials of the whole can be found in the Sacred Scriptures. The first four books contain an exposition of the various subjects to be discussed. He devotes six books to philology, ten to speculative philosophy, and four to practical matters. Then follow three on theology, jurisprudence, and medicine; three on mechanical arts, and five on history, chronology, and miscellanies. This work exhibited a great improvement on other published works that purported to be encyclopedias in the latter half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th centuries.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Logician.

paragraph: Alsted published "Logicae Systema Harmonicum" (1614). In writing a semi-Ramist encyclopedia, he then applied his conception of logic to the sum of human knowledge. To do that, he added the Lullist topical art of memory to Ramist topical logic, indeed reversing one of the original conceptions of Ramus. He had a reputation in his own time as a distinctive methodologist. John Prideaux in 1639 asked:

paragraph: Q. Is it true that the seven dialectical theories of method in use today, to wit, i) the Aristotelian, 2) the Lullian, 3) the Ramistic, 4) the Mixt, whether indeed in the manner of Keckermann or of Alsted, 5) the Forensic of Hotman, 6) the Jesuitic, and 7) the Socinian, differ mostly in respect to manner of treatment, not in respect to

paragraph: purpose?

paragraph: To which the pupil's answer was to be "yes"; as it was to be to the question "Is it true that a Mixt ought to be preferred to a Peripatetic, a Ramist, a Lullian, and the others?" A "Mixt" took elements from both Aristotle and Ramus; Philippo-Ramists, who blended Melanchthon with Ramus, were a type of "Mixt"; "Systematics" were "Mixts" who followed Keckermann in a belief in system, as Alsted did.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Theologian.

paragraph: From his Transylvanian period dates Alsted's "Prodromus" (printed 1641, but dated 1635). The "Prodromus" was a Calvinist refutation of one of the most influential anti-Trinitarian works, "De vera religione" of Johannes Völkel. This work was a compendium of the arguments of Völkel's teacher Fausto Sozzini, figurehead of the Polish Unitarian movement.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Alsted is now remembered as an encyclopedist, and for his millennarian views. His approach to the encyclopedia took two decades of preliminaries, and was an effort of integration of tools and theories to hand.

paragraph: In 1609 Alsted published "Clavis artis Lullianae". In 1610 he published the "Artificium perorandi" of Giordano Bruno; and in the same year the "Panacea philosophica", an attempt to find the common ground in the work of Aristotle, Raymond Lull, and Petrus Ramus. In 1612 Alsted edited the "Explanatio" of Bernard de Lavinheta, a Lullist work. In 1613 he published an edition of the "Systema systematum" of Bartholomäus Keckermann. "Theologia naturalis" (1615) was an apologetical work of natural theology.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clavis artis lullianae" (1609).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Panacea philosophica" (1610).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metaphysica, tribus libris tractata" (1613).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Methodus admirandorum mathematicorum completens novem libris matheseos universae" (1613).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Logicae Systema Harmonicum" (1614).

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Theologia naturalis" (1615).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cursus Philosophici Encyclopediae Libris XXVII", 1620.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encyclopaedia septem tomis distincta: 1. Praecognita disciplinarum; 2. Philologia; 3. Philosophia theoretica; 4. Philosophia practica; 5. Tres superiores facultates; 6. Artes mechanicae; 7. Farragines disciplinarum" (1630).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encyclopaedia Cursus Philosophici"

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walter J. Ong (2005), "Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue. From the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason", Harvard University Press, 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cole, Percival R. (Percival Richard), 1879-1948 "A neglected educator: Johann Heinrich Alsted" Sydney : W.A. Gullick 1910

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hotson, Howard & Maria Rosa Antognazza (eds.), "Alsted and Leibniz: on God, the Magistrate, and the Millennium", Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hotson, Howard. "Johann Heinrich Alsted 1588-1638: Between Renaissance, Reformation, and Universal Reform", Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hotson, Howard. "Paradise Postponed. Johann Heinrich Alsted and the Birth of Calvinist Millenarianism", Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McMahon, William. "The Semantics of Johann Alsted", in D. Cram, A. R. Linn, E. Nowak (eds.), "History of Linguistics, 1996. Vol. 2: From Classical to Contemporary Linguistics", Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1999, pp. 123–129.

description: German minister

wikidata_label: Johann Heinrich Alsted

wikipedia_title: Johann Heinrich Alsted