text:
Marathi
Maratha
Thanjavur
Bhonsle
anarchy
civil war
Tukkoji
concubine
Ekoji
Chanda Sahib
Tiruchirapalli
Sujana Bai
Karaikal
Dutch East India Company
Nagapattinam
English East India Company
Puducherry
Fort St. David
French East India Company
Lawrence
Clive
Nawab of the Carnatic
Nizam of Hyderabad
Seven Years' War
Lally
Karaikal
Nagore
Aranthangi
Pudukkottai
Sati
Thuljaji
Bhonsle
Maratha Empire
List of Maratha dynasties and states
Thanjavur Maratha kingdom
Seven Years' War
Nawab of Carnatic

paragraph: Pratap Singh of Thanjavur

paragraph: Pratap Singh Bhonsle or Pratapsinha (Marathi: तंजावरचे प्रतापसिंह) was the Maratha ruler of Thanjavur of the Bhonsle dynasty from 1739 to 1763. His rise to power followed three years of anarchy and civil war and restored the state to its previous greatness. His reign witnessed the Carnatic Wars and the Seven Years' War.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Pratapsinha was born to Tukkoji, the Raja of Thanjavur and a concubine Annapurna. Initially, he was not expected to rule as he was not a legitimate son of the Raja. However, the early demise of the king's eldest son Ekoji II who died after ruling Thanjavur for a year and a period of anarchy which followed thrust Pratap Singh on the forefront of palace intrigues.

paragraph: Section::::Period of Anarchy 1736–1739.

paragraph: Following Tukkoji's death in 1736, a period of anarchy followed. Ekoji, the king's eldest son and heir apparent succeeded to the throne but died after ruling Thanjavur for a year. However, in spite of his poor health, Ekoji offered a determined resistance to Chanda Sahib who invaded Thanjavur during the former's short reign and forced him to retreat to Tiruchirapalli.

paragraph: Ekoji died in 1737 succeeded by his wife Sujana Bai. Sayyid, the Governor of the Thanjavur Fort, rose into prominence during this period as a kingmaker and actively participated in court intrigues promoting one puppet ruler after another to the throne. He imprisoned Sujanbai in 1738 when the latter questioned his authority.

paragraph: Shahuji returned in 1738 and ruled for about a year. In February 1739, Chanda Sahib forced Shahuji to cede Karaikal to the French and in April, the Raja confirmed the Grant. In July 1739, Shahuji prevented the French from landing in Karaikal. This resulted in invasion of Thanjavur by Chanda Sahib who captured Shahuji and imprisoned him on the pretext that he was not the actual Shahuji but an impostor. The Dutch East India Company based at Nagapattinam sent home the following report on the events at Thanjavur:

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Pratapsinha ascended the throne in 1739. He was the last ruler of Thanjavur to be referred in the official records of the English East India Company as "His Majesty".

paragraph: As soon as Pratapsinha ascended the throne he had to contend with the intrigues of the pretender Shahuji in the company of a treacherous Maratha noble Koyaji Kattigai. It was also evident that the conspirators were in league with Sayyid. So immediately after ascending the throne, Pratapsingh ordered the death of Sayyid.

paragraph: In 1748, the pretender Shahuji sent an envoy, first to Puducherry and then to Fort St. David to negotiate terms of alliance with the French East India Company. The British East India Company initially supported Pratapsingh but switched sides when Shahuji offered the fort of Devikottai at the mouth of the Coleroon river. The British sent two expeditions against Devikkottai which was defended by a garrison of 5,000 men. Their first attempt was a complete failure while the second ended in a truce. The second expedition was remarkable as the one in which Lawrence and Clive distinguished themselves. The War was brought to an end by the treaty of friendship between Pratapsingh and the Company. Devikkottai was made over to the English as per the provisions of the treaty.

paragraph: In the early part of his reign, Pratapsinha also had to deal with the imperious attitude of Dost Ali, the Nawab of the Carnatic. Pratapsinha was soon deposed by Dost Ali who took over the administration of Thanjavur. But a Maratha invasion from the north brought about the death of Dost Ali and the restoration of Pratapsingh. The Maratha troops left after making one Murari Rao the ruler of Tiruchirapalli with whom Pratapsinha was in bad terms. Soon afterwards, the Nizam of Hyderabad sent a formidable force to Thanjavur to exact tribute. Two other expeditions forced the Raja into submission.

paragraph: The third and final expedition of the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1742, resulted in the deposition of Murari Rao and the annexation of Tiruchirapalli. As a result of this campaign, Thanjavur was forced to become a vassal of Hyderabad and pay annual tribute.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:The Seven Years' War.

paragraph: During the Seven Years' War, Pratapsingh supported the English with arms and supplies. At Lawrences' behest, the great Thanjavur general Manoji took Coillady from the French and captured Chanda Sahib and beheaded him.

paragraph: However, the confederacy broke when Nanja Raja realized that he had been deceived by Muhammad Ali who had promised to give him Tiruchirapalli as per an early arrangement. Pratapsingh supported his cause when the French under Dupleix tried to threaten him. Muhammad Ali and Murari Rao forged an alliance with the French.

paragraph: In 1758, Lally marched to Thanjavur from Karaikal in order to force Thanjavur into subjugation but was repulsed by Manoji. He had to retreat with an insignificant plunder at Nagore when an English fleet made its appearance off the coast at Karaikal. The Thanjavur troops supported by a small English contingent harassed the French who eventually succumbed to starvation. The British inflicted a crshing defeat on the French in the siege of Puducherry in 1761. This dealt a death-blow to the French power in India.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Loss of Independence.

paragraph: From the onset, the Nawab of Carnatic Muhammad Ali wasn't in good terms with Pratapsingh and desired to annex Thanjavur. However, for the sake of their common interests, Pratapsinha maintained an uneasy alliance with Muhammad Ali. Matters reached a boiling point after the Seven Years' War. However, their common ally, the British East India, averted a crisis by stepping in to mediate a truce. The Raja agreed to pay twenty lakhs as arrears and an annual tribute of four lakhs to the Nawab of Carnatic. In return, Coiladdy and Yelengadu were ceded to Thanjavur. Notwithstanding allegations of partiality on part of the British, this treaty practically ended Thanjavur's independence.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Border disputes with Ramnad.

paragraph: There were frequent border disputes with the state of Ramnad on the Aranthangi frontier. Actively supported by the Tondaiman of Pudukkottai, Manoji once led a large army into the territory of the Sethupathy of Ramnad and even captured Aranthangi. The Nawab of Carnatic who was the actual overlord to whom Thanjavur paid tribute, stepped in and stopped the Raja from pursuing further hostilities.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Pratapsinha died on 16 December 1763 after reigning for 24 years. His third and fifth queens committed Sati. He was succeeded by his eldest son Thuljaji.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bhonsle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maratha Empire

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Maratha dynasties and states

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thanjavur Maratha kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seven Years' War

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nawab of Carnatic

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. K. R. Subramanian(1928). "The Maratha Rajas of Tanjore"

description: Maharaja of Thanjavur

wikidata_label: Pratap Singh of Thanjavur

wikipedia_title: Pratap Singh of Thanjavur


text:
Punish Yourself
Official website

categories: French multi-instrumentalists,French rock singers,French singer-songwriters,French male singers,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: VX 69

paragraph: vx 69 (aka vx "cheerleader" 69 or just vx, born Vincent Villalon) is a French singer who is best known as a founding member of the bands Punish Yourself, 1969 Was Fine, Le Cabaret de l'Impasse, Pinball Lizard & The Acid Kings, and 'Cheerleader 69.

paragraph: Section::::Full discography.

paragraph: Section::::Full discography.:Punish Yourself.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: "Feuer Tanz System"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Disco Flesh: Warp 99"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Sexplosive Locomotive"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Gore Baby Gore"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Cult Movie" (CD/DVD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Pink Panther Party"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Punish Yourself VS Sonic Area : Phenomedia"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Live albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Behind The City Lights"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Compilation

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Crypt 1996–2002"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Demos

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "First Demo Tape"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Second Demo Tape"

paragraph: Section::::Full discography.:1969 Was Fine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "But 666 Is Alright"

paragraph: Section::::Full discography.:Cheerleader 69.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Godriders In The Sky"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: French singer

wikidata_label: VX 69

wikipedia_title: VX 69


text:
French
goldsmith
sculptor
painter
architect
furniture designer
Turin
Paris
Oppenord
Germain
Rococo
Adam
Poland
Portugal
Louis XV
Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum

categories: Italian male painters,French furniture designers,People from Turin,French male sculptors,1695 births,French male painters,18th-century Italian painters,French goldsmiths,18th-century French sculptors,18th-century French painters

paragraph: Juste-Aurèle Meissonnier

paragraph: Juste-Aurèle Meissonier (1695 – 31 July 1750) was a French goldsmith, sculptor, painter, architect, and furniture designer.

paragraph: He was born in Turin, but became known as a worker in Paris, where he died. His Italian origin and training were probably responsible for the extravagance of his decorative style. He shared, and perhaps distanced, the meretricious triumphs of Oppenord and Germain, since he dealt with the Rococo in its most daring and flamboyant developments.

paragraph: Rarely does he leave a foot or two of undecorated space; Meissonier carried the style of his day to its extreme and thus achieved great popularity. Like the Scottish brothers Adam at a later day he not only as architect built houses, but as painter and decorator covered their internal walls; he designed the furniture and the candlesticks, the silver and the decanters for the table; he was as ready to produce a snuff-box as a watch case or a sword hilt.

paragraph: Not only in France, but for the nobility of Poland, Portugal and other countries who took their fashions and their taste from Paris, he made designs. His work in gold and silver-plate was often graceful and sometimes bold and original. He was least successful in furniture, where his twirls and convolutions, his floral and rocaille motives were conspicuous. He was appointed by Louis XV "Dessinateur de la chambre et du cabinet du roi"; the post of designer "pour les pompes funèbres et galantes" was also held along with that of "Orfèvre du roi".

paragraph: For our knowledge of his work we are considerably indebted to his own books of design: "Livres d'ornements en trente pièces" and "Ornements de la carte chronologique". His works are held in the collection of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum.

alias: Dessinateur de la Chambre &amp Meissonier

alias: Dessinateur de la Chambre & Cabinet du Roi Meissonier

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Juste-Aurèle Meissonnier

wikipedia_title: Juste-Aurèle Meissonnier


text:
Elymais
Parthian
Iran
Anzaze
Orodes I

paragraph: Kamnaskires III

paragraph: Kamnaskires III was a king of the Elymais. The Elymais was a Parthian vassal kingdom in nowadays South-western Iran. Following the dating on his coins he reigned from about 82/81 BC to 75 BC.

paragraph: Kamnaskires III is mainly known from his coins on which he is depicted in an Iranian style, while earlier rulers of the Elymais followed on their coins Greek models. Next to the image of the king on the coins appears the portrait of Anzaze who was most likely his wife and perhaps even a co-regent. Kamnaskires III appears also in cuneiform texts (as "Qabinaschkiri"), where there is a reference of an uprising in the Elymais. As respond the Parthian king Orodes I sent troops. It is unknown whether he managed to gain again control over the Elymais. However, with Kamnaskires III starts a line of kings of the Elymais, minting their own coins, perhaps indicating some kind of independence.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- G. J. P. McEwan: "A Parthian Campaign against Elymais in 77 B.C.", in: "Iran", 24 (1986), pp. 91-94

paragraph: BULLET::::- D. T. Potts: "The Archaeology of Elam", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999, p. 392

description: king of the Elymais

wikidata_label: Kamnaskires III

wikipedia_title: Kamnaskires III


text:
Spanish
sculptor
Granada
Andalusia
Alonso de Mena
Alonzo Cano
cathedral of Málaga
Madrid
Nuestra Señora de Gracia
St Francis of Assisi
Toledo
Murcia
Córdoba
Málaga
José Mora
Juan Martínez Montañés

categories: People from Granada,1628 births,1693 deaths,Baroque sculptors

paragraph: Pedro de Mena

paragraph: Pedro de Mena y Medrano (August 1628 - 13 October 1688) was a Spanish sculptor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born at Granada, in Andalusia. He was a pupil of his father Alonso de Mena as well as of Alonzo Cano. His first conspicuous success was achieved in work for the convent of St. Anthony Granada, including figures of St Joseph, St Antony of Padua, St Diego, St Pedro Mentara, St Franciscus and Santa Clara.

paragraph: In 1658 he signed a contract for sculptural, work on the choir stalls of the cathedral of Málaga, this work extending over four years. Other works are, statues of the Madonna and child and of St Joseph in Madrid, the polychromatic figures in the church of St Isodoro, the Magdalena and the Gertrudlis in the church of St Martin (Madrid), the crucifixion in the Nuestra Señora de Gracia (Madrid), the statuette of St Francis of Assisi in Toledo, and of St Joseph in the St Nicholas church in Murcia. Mena traveled to Madrid in 1662.

paragraph: Between 1673 and 1679 Mena worked at Córdoba. About 1680 he was in Granada, where he executed a half-length Madonna and child (seated) for the church of St. Dominic.

paragraph: Mena died in Málaga, city where he spent most of his life, and where he had a sculpture studio for thirty years until his death in 1688.

paragraph: He and José Mora may be regarded as artistic descendants of Juan Martínez Montañés and Cano, but in technical skill and the expression of religious motive his statues are unsurpassed in the sculpture of Spain. His feeling for the nude was remarkable. Like his immediate predecessors he excelled in the portrayal of contemplative figures and scenes; Mena's drawing of Santiago leaping upon his charger is good, and the carving admirable, but the necessary movement for so spirited an action is lacking.

alias:
Pedro Mena y Medrano
Pedro de Mena Gutiérrez
Pedro de Mena y Medrano
Pedro de Mena Gutierrez

description: Spanish artist

wikidata_label: Pedro de Mena

wikipedia_title: Pedro de Mena


text: Parliament of Scotland

text: Privy Council

text: Civil War

text: John Maitland, 1st Lord Thirlestane

text: Lord Fleming

text: Privy Council of Scotland

text: Letters Patent

text: Whitehall

text: Charles I

text: Extraordinary Lords of Session

text: English Civil War

text: St. Mary's Collegiate Church

text: epitaph

text: Drummond of Hawthornden

text: George Crawfurd

categories: 16th-century Scottish peers,Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1612,1645 deaths,Extraordinary Lords of Session,Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1630,Earls of Lauderdale,Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1643–44,17th-century Scottish peers,Year of birth unknown,Members of the Privy Council of Scotland,Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1617,Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1617,Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1621

paragraph: John Maitland, 1st Earl of Lauderdale

paragraph: John Maitland, 1st Earl of Lauderdale, Viscount of Lauderdale, Viscount Maitland, and Lord Thirlestane and Boltoun, (died January 1645) was President of the Parliament of Scotland as well as the Privy Council, a lawyer and a judge, who sided with the Parliamentarian cause during the Civil War.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The son of Sir John Maitland, 1st Lord Thirlestane, by his spouse Jean, only daughter and heiress of the Fourth Lord Fleming (subsequently Countess of Cassillis), he was admitted a member of the Privy Council of Scotland on 20 July 1615.

paragraph: Section::::Own Peerage.

paragraph: On 2 April 1616 he was created Viscount of Lauderdale, by Letters Patent, to him and his heirs male and successors in the lordship of Thirlestane.

paragraph: He was subsequently made President of the Privy Council, and was appointed an Ordinary Lord of Session on 5 June 1618. He was at that time one of the Commissioners for the Plantation of Kirks.

paragraph: On 14 March 1624, at Whitehall, London, he was created, by patent, Earl of Lauderdale, Viscount Maitland, and Lord Thirlestane and Boltoun.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Lord Lauderdale was removed from his place on the bench, on 14 February 1626, in consequence of a resolution by King Charles I that no nobleman should hold the seat of an ordinary Lord, and instead was on 1 June following appointed one of the Extraordinary Lords of Session, usually reserved by the Crown for either noblemen or dignitaries of The Church. He remained an Extraordinary Lord until 8 November 1628, and in the following year was appointed one of the Lords of the Articles.

paragraph: Regardless of the honours generously bestowed upon him by his monarch, upon the breaking out of the English Civil War, he joined the side of the parliament and was employed in a great variety of commissions of importance.

paragraph: On 4 June 1644 he was elected President of the parliament, and reappointed on 7 January following. He died before the 20th of the same month, and was interred in the Maitland family burial vault within St. Mary's Collegiate Church, Haddington.

paragraph: A poetical epitaph on him by Drummond of Hawthornden, as also the one by King James VI on his father, the Chancellor, can be found in George Crawfurd's "Peerage".

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and Issue.

paragraph: He married Lady Isabel Seton (d. November 1638), daughter of Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline, celebrated by Arthur Johnston in his poems. They had a large family of whom only three sons and one daughter survived their parents.

paragraph: Comment :- Latter Day Saints has Isobel Seton b.03 Nov 1593 daughter of Robert Seton :- 1st Earl of Winton, 8th Lord Seton by his wife Margaret Montgomerie as the wife of John Maitland, this is also the younger sister of Robert Seton 2nd Earl of Winton who had married Ann Maitland the sister of this John Maitland.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, William, "The Scottish Nation", Edinburgh, 1867, vol.vi, pps:633-634.

description: Scottish judge

wikidata_label: John Maitland, 1st Earl of Lauderdale

wikipedia_title: John Maitland, 1st Earl of Lauderdale


text:
FRSE
Gartmore
Lake of Menteith
Sheriff of Elgin
Sheriff of Edinburgh
Royal Society of Edinburgh
David Welsh
Disruption of 1843
Granton
Grange Cemetery
Culcreuch Castle
Robert Bontine Cunningham Graham
Hill & Adamson

categories: 1847 deaths,Scottish lawyers,1797 births,Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

paragraph: Robert Cunningham Graham Spiers

paragraph: Robert Cunningham Graham Spiers or Speirs FRSE (1797–1847) was a 19th century Scottish advocate and prison reformer. He is often confused with his father's first legitimate son Robert Bontine Cunningham Graham (1799-1863). In later life he is largely referred to simply as Graham Spiers.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born Robert Cunningham Cunninghame Graham on 14 September 1797 (or 1799) the son of William Cunningham Cunninghame Graham (1775-1845) of Gartmore near Lake of Menteith. His father married Robert's mother, Ann Dickson (1782-1811) in December 1798. So the 1799 birth date is possibly a cover for an illegitimate birth in 1797. This would also help to cover his mother's exceptionally young age (15).

paragraph: He studied law and qualified as an advocate in 1820. In 1835 he became Sheriff of Elgin. In 1840 he became Sheriff of Edinburgh and remained in that role until death.

paragraph: In 1841 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposer was David Welsh.

paragraph: In the Disruption of 1843 he is listed as one of the church elders who left the Church of Scotland to join the Free Church of Scotland.

paragraph: He lived his final years at Granton House in north Edinburgh.

paragraph: He died on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1847. He is buried in Grange Cemetery in south Edinburgh. The grave lies in the centre of the north wall. The grave (and other sources) give his wife as Catherine Ann Grant, daughter of Francis Grant of Kilgraston.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1824 he married Frances Laura Spiers (1800-1877), daughter of Peter Spiers of Culcreuch Castle and was thereafter known as Robert Cunningham Graham Spiers (or simply as Graham Spiers). He lived with his in-laws at a very large Georgian townhouse at 46 Great King Street. From around 1830 all records infer he was the son rather than son-in-law of Peter Spiers.

paragraph: His seven children were all known simply as Graham rather than Graham-Spiers.

paragraph: His grandchildren included Robert Bontine Cunningham Graham.

paragraph: Section::::Artistic Recognition.

paragraph: He was photographed by Hill & Adamson around 1845.

wikidata_label: Robert Cunningham Graham Spiers

wikipedia_title: Robert Cunningham Graham Spiers


text: particle accelerator

text: World War II

text: antenna

text: Malvern

text: betatron

text: Donald William Kerst

text: synchrotron

text: electrons

text: MeV

text: Woolwich Arsenal

text: CERN

text: United Kingdom

text: John Cockcroft

text: Proton Synchrotron

text: Odd Dahl

text: Odd Dahl

text: Rolf Widerøe

text: Brookhaven National Lab

text: United States

text: alternating-gradient principle

text: John Adams

text: Director General

text: Meyrin

text: list of streets at CERN

categories: 1954 deaths,Accelerator physicists,1919 births

paragraph: Frank Kenneth Goward

paragraph: Frank Kenneth Goward (1919 - March 1954) was an English scientist, specialized on aerial technologies and particle accelerator development.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: During World War II, Goward worked as a specialist on antenna technologies at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) at Malvern in England. After the war had ended, the focus of his research shifted to new ways to accelerate particles. During 1946, he used a converted betatron from the American accelerator pioneer Donald William Kerst to demonstrate the first synchrotron acceleration of electrons to 8 MeV at Woolwich Arsenal. After that, the machine was moved to Malvern, where it got improved further. This work culminated in October 1947, when Goward and his team managed to obtain a stable beam, thus creating the first fully operational synchrotron.

paragraph: Section::::Work for CERN.

paragraph: After TRE's research focus shifted away from synchrotron accelerators in 1950, Goward started to become interested in the idea of a joint European research facility that would focus on the peaceful exploitation of nuclear physics, which would later become CERN. Although United Kingdom (U.K.) government officials were very averse to this idea at the beginning, leading scientists of the country tried to encourage an involvement of the U. K. in this venture. Among these was John Cockcroft, who sent Goward as an observer to the first planning meetings in 1951.

paragraph: At the first session of the provisional CERN council in May 1952, Goward was elected deputy director of the study group which was in charge of studies and investigations about the future Proton Synchrotron (PS), a novel accelerator that would reach energies of up to 10 GeV. Director of the study group was the Norwegian Odd Dahl.

paragraph: With the initial PS group, Goward developed ideas and techniques to build CERN's first synchrotron. This work got a defining boost when Goward, together with his colleagues Odd Dahl and Rolf Widerøe, visited Brookhaven National Lab in the United States. There, they learned about the newly developed alternating-gradient principle.

paragraph: In the fall of 1953, Goward moved to Geneva permanently and became the project leader of the PS group, assembling a team to build the machine. Soon after, he became seriously ill, which forced him to return to England. He died in March 1954. John Adams, who would later become Director General of CERN, was Goward's successor as leader of the PS group.

paragraph: In honour of Frank Goward, a street at CERN's main campus in Meyrin is named after him. (See list of streets at CERN).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- F.K. Goward and D. E. Barnes, "Experimental 8 MeV Synchrotron for Electron Acceleration", Nature 158, p. 413, 1946.

paragraph: BULLET::::- F.K Goward, "Review of principles leading to design of CERN proton synchrotron", Published on CERN Document Server At the Conference on the Theory and Design of an Alternating-Gradient Proton Synchroton, Geneva, Switzerland, 26 - 28 Oct 1953, pp. 19–43

wikidata_label: Frank Kenneth Goward

wikipedia_title: Frank Kenneth Goward


text:
first baseman
Major League Baseball
Chicago Cubs
Minnesota

categories: People from Lincoln County, Nebraska,Major League Baseball first basemen,Chicago Cubs players,Baseball players from Nebraska,1973 deaths,1894 births

paragraph: Walt Golvin

paragraph: Walter George Golvin (February 1, 1894 – June 11, 1973) was a first baseman in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago Cubs.

paragraph: He was married to Nora Golvin, who was born in Minnesota either in 1892 or 1895. She died on June 1, 1977.

description: Major League Baseball first baseman

wikidata_label: Walt Golvin

wikipedia_title: Walt Golvin


text:
Archbishop of Milan
saint
Catholic Church
Arian
Theodoric the Great
Boethius
epitaph
Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio
Milan
Domenicans
Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio
Legnano
Basilica di San Magno
translated
feast

categories: 530s deaths,6th-century Christian saints,Archbishops of Milan

paragraph: Magnus (bishop of Milan)

paragraph: Magnus () was Archbishop of Milan from 518 to c. 530. He is honoured as a saint in the Catholic Church.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Almost nothing is known about the life and the episcopate of Magnus. Magnus lived under the Arian king Theodoric the Great, who probably at first supported him, but later persecuted him as had already happened for the philosopher Boethius.

paragraph: What is known is the text of his funeral epitaph, transmitted us by Goffredo da Bussero (13th century), which describes Magnus as a man of great charity who helped the prisoners of war.

paragraph: Magnus died in 530, on 1 December. His remains were interred in the Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio in Milan. A late tradition, with no historical basis, associates Magnus with the Milanese family of the Trincheri.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: The first formal survey on his relics was made in 1248 by the Domenicans who ministered to the Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio in Milan. The main church of the town of Legnano, about 20 km (12 mi) from Milan, is dedicated to Magnus. The "Basilica di San Magno" of Legnano was built between 1503 and 1513 and a part of relics of Magnus were translated there on 5 November 1900. His feast is celebrated on November 5 in that basilica; all the saint bishops of Milan are celebrated on 25 September.

description: Archbishop of Milan

wikidata_label: Magnus

wikipedia_title: Magnus (bishop of Milan)


text:
Song Dynasty
Emperor Shenzong of Song
Emperor Huizong of Song
Emperor Zhezong of Song
Emperor Huizong of Song
Emperor Zhezong of Song
Gao
Empress Meng
Liu
Emperor Huizong of Song
Emperor Renzong of Song
Emperor Zhezong of Song
Emperor Yingzong of Song
Zeng Bu
Emperor Huizong of Song

categories: 11th-century Chinese people,11th-century Chinese women,1102 deaths,12th-century women rulers,Song dynasty empresses,12th-century Chinese women,1047 births

paragraph: Empress Xiang

paragraph: Empress Xiang (欽聖皇后; 1047 – 1102) was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Shenzong of Song. She acted as co-regent of China during the reign of her son, Emperor Huizong of Song, in 1100.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Empress consort.

paragraph: Empress Xiang was elevated to the rank of Empress to Emperor Shenzong in 1068. She had only one child, a daughter Shuhuai who was born in 1067, and died in 1078. However, as the empress, she was the legal mother of the emperor’s heir and successor, the future Emperor Zhezong of Song, born to Consort Zhu. She was also the legal mother of the future Emperor Huizong of Song, son of Consort Chen (d. 1085).

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Reign of Emperor Zhezong.

paragraph: In 1085, her stepson and adoptive son, Emperor Zhezong of Song, succeeded to the throne, until 1093 under the regency of her mother-in-law, Empress Dowager Gao. During the reign of Zhezong, Xiang was ceremoniously honoured as the legal mother of the Emperor. Reportedly, she had a long dislike toward the biological mother of the Emperor, Consort Dowager Zhu (1051 — 1102).

paragraph: She had a good relationship with her first daughter-in-law, Empress Meng, whom she considered educated in both literature and wifely manners, and she disapproved when Emperor Zhezong deposed Meng from the position of Empress after a witch trial in 1096. She later claimed, that the edict deposing the empress, which had been issued in her name as empress dowager, had been forged and that she had not even seen it.

paragraph: In 1099, she and Consort Dowager Zhu selected the brides and concubines of the emperor’s brothers, prince Bi and prince Huizong. In 27 December 1100, Consort Liu was elevated to the position of empress, which was not approved by Xiang. When the Emperor died in 1100, the succession was not clear, and Empress Xiang called upon the officials of state, and selected the next heir to the throne.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Reign of Emperor Huizong: regency.

paragraph: When her younger adoptive son, Emperor Huizong of Song, succeeded his brother on the throne at the age of seventeen in 1100, he expressed a wish to the Council of State that his mother was to act as his regent. Because he was seventeen years old and therefore no longer regarded as a minor, his wish caused some debate among the ministers as to how this could be arranged, and to find a precedence case to legitimatize it. On two occasions, and Empress Dowager had ruled during the minority of an Emperor: in the case of Emperor Renzong of Song, and in the case of Emperor Zhezong of Song, during which the child Emperor and Empress Dowager regent both sat together behind a screen in the audience chamber when the Council of State spoke to them, and the birthday of the Empress Dowager was ritually celebrated as that of the ruler and she was declared as such to the Liao state by diplomats.

paragraph: A different precedence was that of Emperor Yingzong of Song, who had not been a minor, but were the Empress Dowager Cao had been regent during his illness, during which the Council of State had formally called first at the Emperor, but then visited the audience hall of the Empress Dowager, repeated their subject and then adjusted to her words: in that case, the Empress Dowager regent had not been ritually treated as the ruler, and the measure was treated as temporary.

paragraph: Zeng Bu of the Council of State concluded that the latter arrangements were more appropriate in the case of the co-regency of Empress Xiang: he informed the Emperor, and they continued to inform Empress Xiang. She assured the Council that she had not been behind the wish to co-rule with her son, and that she accepted to be regent on the same terms as the Empress Cao. It was decided, that she would not appear in the Imperial audience chamber, nor would she be ritually celebrated as a ruler or referred to as such in the diplomatic reports; but that the Council of State would visit her in the Inner Eastern Gate every time they had visited the Emperor, and give her the same report of the affairs of state.

paragraph: During her co-reign, Empress Xiang was active foremost within palace affairs. She gave audiences and conferred with the government, expressed concerns that she was not suitable because she had difficulty in reading. She wrote a statement, in which she promised to step down from her position as soon as the funeral rituals of her late spouse was completed.

paragraph: She reported suspicions to Zeng Bu that she suspected the biological mother of Emperor Zhezong, Consort Zhu, of at least two plots for placing her other son, Prince Si, on the throne.

paragraph: Xiang also used her power as co-regent to push her view, that Emperor Zhezong had done wrong by demoting Empress Meng in favor of Empress Liu. She declared, that the demotion had been forged, and that Meng should be given back the states of Empress, while Liu should bee stripped from hers. This led to a conflict with the council, who argued that an emperor could not change the status of his late brother's widow. The affairs ended with a compromise: on 23 June 1100, Xiang succeeded with having the status of empress returned to Meng, but was prevented from stripping Liu of her title, resulting in Emperor Zhezong having two Empresses Dowager.

paragraph: The affair, however, also resulted in concern in the Council of State that the influence of Xiang was in danger of becoming to great, and that a rivaling power fraction could form around her. When the son of Emperor Huizong of Song had been born, the Council of State therefore pointed out to the emperor, that as he was now the father of a son, he was no longer in need of a co-regent. Xiang has been portrayed as a conservative: however, she successfully prevented the attempts to remove reformist Cai Jing from government.

paragraph: Empress Dowager Xiang stepped down from co-regency on 1 June 1100.

alias:
Empress Xiang
Xiang Shi
Qinsheng xiansu

description: Song Dynasty empress

wikidata_label: Empress Qinsheng

wikipedia_title: Empress Xiang


href: Chavanat Creuse France Paris France France dermatology Syphilis erythroplasia%20of%20Queyrat Bowen%27s%20disease glans%20penis H%C3%B4pital%20Cochin

text:
Chavanat
Creuse
France
Paris
France
French
dermatologist
syphilologist
erythroplasia of Queyrat
carcinoma in situ
skin of the penis
Hôpital Cochin

categories: French dermatologists,1933 deaths,1856 births

paragraph: Louis Queyrat

paragraph: Vincent Jules Louis Queyrat (2 December 1856 in Chavanat, Creuse, France – 18 October 1933 in Paris, France) was a French dermatologist and syphilologist who is best remembered for the erythroplasia of Queyrat, a carcinoma in situ of the skin of the penis. From 1898 until 1923, Queyrat was head of the dermatology service of l'Hôpital Ricord, a venereal hospital in Paris, now Hôpital Cochin.

description: French dermatologist

wikidata_label: Louis Queyrat

wikipedia_title: Louis Queyrat


text:
Song dynasty
Emperor Zhenzong
de facto
Emperor Renzong
Kaifeng
Zhao Yuanxiu
the emperor
Sima Guang
Sushui Jiwen
Lady Li
a son
Emperor Zhenzong
Emperor Renzong
Wu Zetian
Consort Yang
official history
Later Jin
Later Han
Taiyuan
Jiaozhou
Song dynasty

categories: The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants characters,969 births,11th-century Chinese women,11th-century women rulers,1033 deaths,10th-century Chinese people,10th-century Chinese women,Song dynasty empresses,Women leaders of China

paragraph: Empress Liu (Zhenzong)

paragraph: The Zhangxian Mingsu Empress (969–1033), née Liu (劉), was an empress of the Song dynasty, married to the Emperor Zhenzong. She served as "de facto" ruler and regent of China during the illness of Emperor Zhenzong from 1020 until 1022, and as formal regent and Real ruler during the minority of Emperor Renzong from 1022 until her own death in 1033. As a regent she became the second woman in Chinese history to wear the imperial robe, after Wu Zetian, the only empress regnant in Chinese history.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Orphaned in infancy, Lady Liu was raised by maternal relatives, and by adolescence she became a singer skilled at hand-drums. She married Gong Mei (龔美), a silversmith who took her to the capital Kaifeng, where in 983, she entered the palace of prince Zhao Yuanxiu, one of the emperor's sons. According to anecdotes in historian Sima Guang's "Sushui Jiwen", Gong Mei sold Lady Liu out of poverty, probably first to Zhang Qi (張耆), an official in the prince's palace.

paragraph: The 15-year-old Zhao Yuanxiu was greatly enamored of the 14-year-old entertainer. Once, the emperor remarked that his son was getting "listless and thinner", and Zhao Yuanxiu's strict wet nurse, apparently hating Lady Liu's likely crude behaviors, promptly blamed her in front of the emperor. Lady Liu was forced to leave the palace, but the prince kept her at the house of Zhang Qi, who begrudgingly accepted her only after receiving 500 ounces of silver for the construction of a separate residence, so as to circumvent the emperor's order.

paragraph: Section::::As imperial consort.

paragraph: Zhao Yuanxiu, who later changed his name to Zhao Heng, became emperor after his father's death in 997. Returning to his side, Lady Liu was given the title of "Beautiful One" (美人) in 1004 and further promoted to "Cultivated Deportment" (修儀) in 1009. As Empress Guo had died in 1007, the emperor wanted to make Consort Liu empress, but gave in after strong ministerial opposition.

paragraph: In 1010, one of Consort Liu's servants, Lady Li, gave birth to a son, borne by the emperor. Already in her 40s and childless, Lady Liu adopted the infant and cared for him like her own. In 1012 she became Virtuous Consort Liu (劉德妃), and several months later, she became the empress.

paragraph: Liu was described as naturally alert and perceptive, with a good judgement and an ability to make quick decisions. She demonstrated these qualities in handling the palace affairs as empress, and she also learned enough to be able to understand and discuss the state affairs with the emperor. This made him trust her with political tasks during his illness.

paragraph: Section::::Regent and Sovereignty.

paragraph: Section::::Regent and Sovereignty.:Empress consort and Regent Emperor Zhenzong.

paragraph: In 1020, Emperor Zhenzong became affected by an illness which was to cause his death two years later and unable to handle the affairs of state. By this time, the empress was already established as power behind the throne and handled the affairs of state. She continued to act as formal Empress and unofficially as regent of China for the two remaining years of his life.

paragraph: Section::::Regent and Sovereignty.:Empress Dowager and Regent Emperor Renzong.

paragraph: In 1022, Emperor Zhenzong was succeeded by Emperor Renzong, who was twelve years old and thereby not of legal majority for another five years, as emperors were considered to be of legal majority at the age of seventeen. The Empress Dowager Liu now openly and officially assumed power as regent of China during his minority. She enjoyed all the Imperial prerogatives: she held court (with the child emperor by her side), she had her birthday celebrated with special names, she had envoys sent in her own name, and she even attended to the holy plowing ceremony and the imperial ancestral worship, all of which was normally only done by a ruling emperor. As a regent she became the second woman in Chinese history to wear the imperial robe, after Wu Zetian, the only empress regnant in Chinese history.

paragraph: As a politician, Empress Liu has been described as a competent regent. Reportedly, she had the ability to appoint able officials and discharge unable ones; to listen, accept and sometime adhere to criticism despite being of a fierce temperament. She was however, criticized for having usurped the Imperial ceremonies and had herself worshiped as if she were an emperor, and because she appointed her relatives to high offices, because they were of a poor background and considered vulgar.

paragraph: As the emperor was twelve years old at the time of his succession, and was legally due to be declared of legal majority at seventeen, she would normally had been expected to step down as regent after five years: however, she refused to do so, and continued to rule until her death. When she died, she left instructions that Consort Yang was to succeed her as the regent of the emperor, but the emperor refused to honor her will.

paragraph: During her reign, Emperor Renzong had falsely believed that she was his biological mother, and did not find out otherwise until after her death, which caused him to react with rage.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.

paragraph: According to official history, Lady Liu's grandfather Liu Yanqing was a general during the Later Jin and Later Han dynasties. The family later moved from Taiyuan in the north to Jiaozhou in the southwest, where her father Liu Tong assumed office of prefectship, likely during the first years of the newly established Song dynasty which conquered the region in 965.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/China_Heads.htm

alias:
Liu Shi
Zhuangxian
Zhangxian

description: wife of Emperor Zhenzong of Song

wikidata_label: Empress Liu

wikipedia_title: Empress Liu (Zhenzong)


text: French language

text: Gimont

text: Gimont

text: Occitan language

text: Gascony

text: Cato

text: Henry III of Navarre and IV France

text: Alexandrine verse

text: Gimont

text: Gascony

text: Toulouse

text: Gimont

text: Jeanroy, Alfred

text: Tolosa

text: Ortès

text: Per Noste

text: Per Noste

text: Garavini, Fausta

text: Bologna

text: Gardy, Felip

text: Lombez

text: Beziers

text: Gardy, Felip

text: Montpellier

text: "Lo Catonet gascon" on Google Books

paragraph: Guilhèm Adèr

paragraph: Guilhèm Adèr (in French language "Guilhem Ader" ; Gimont ?, 1567 ? - Gimont, 1638) was an Occitan language writer from Gascony. He is the author of a book a maxims inspired from Cato ("Lo Catonet Gascon") and of an epic poem dedicated to Henry III of Navarre and IV France in 2690 Alexandrine verses.

paragraph: He was born in Gimont, Gascony. He studied in Toulouse and became a physician and served in the Duc of Joyeuse's army. Afterward he settle back in Gimont where he married Magdalena de Lux and had a daughter and son.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Ader's edition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanroy, Alfred "Poésies de Guillaume Ader, publiées avec notice, traduction et Notes". Tolosa : Privat, 1904

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adèr Guilhèm. "Lo Catonet gascon". Ortès : Per Noste, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adèr Guilhèm. "Lo gentilòme gascon". Ortès : Per Noste, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Critics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garavini, Fausta. "La letteratura occitanica moderna". Bologna : Sansoni, 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gardy, Felip. "Guilhem Ader (1567?-1638) : actes du colloque de Lombez" (21-22 septembre 1991). Beziers : Centre International de Documentacion Occitana, 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gardy, Felip, "Histoire et anthologie de la littérature occitane, Tome II, l'âge du baroque - 1520 -1789". Montpellier : Presses du Languedoc, 1997.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1628 edition of "Lo Catonet gascon" on gallica.bnf.fr, National French Library/a.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lo Catonet gascon" on Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lo gentilòme gascon", 1610 on gallica.bnf.fr, National French Library

description: Occitan language writer from Gascony

wikidata_label: Guilhèm Adèr

wikipedia_title: Guilhèm Adèr


text:
elephant
mahout
Moorpark College
roller skate
Hohenwald, Tennessee

categories: Living people,1954 births,Keepers of animal sanctuaries

paragraph: Carol Buckley

paragraph: Carol Buckley (born May 18, 1954) is an American elephant caregiver, specializing in the trauma recovery and on-going physical care of captive elephants.

paragraph: In 2010, Buckley founded Tennessee-based Elephant Aid International, and began consulting worldwide to help improve the lives of captive elephants and their mahouts.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: While a student at Moorpark College in 1974, Buckley noticed a baby elephant, Fluffy, that a local tire dealer had bought to market his wares. Buckley volunteered to feed and care for the elephant, and a year later, borrowed $25,000, bought Fluffy, changed her name to Tarra, and founded Tarra Productions.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Tarra Productions.

paragraph: By 1980, when Tarra was six years old and a playful pre-adolescent elephant, Buckley taught Tarra to roller skate. For their first 15 years together, Buckley lived with, cared for, trained, transported and performed with Tarra in circuses and zoos in the US and Canada.

paragraph: In 1984 Buckley began thinking that the life she had chosen for Tarra amounted to animal abuse, and began to search for a better life for Tarra in a variety of zoos and animal parks where she worked and consulted, but the animal seemed to be bored in confinement. In the end, Buckley began looking for another option.

paragraph: In November 1994, Buckley, with a bank loan, bought 112 acres in Hohenwald, Tennessee. Buckley built a barn for Tarra and co-founded the Elephant Sanctuary (Hohenwald) in Tennessee, the first natural habitat refuge for sick, old and needy elephants. Today, the Elephant Sanctuary (Hohenwald) is , housing African and Asian elephants in three separate sections with four barns, enclosed by of fencing.

paragraph: In 2010, Buckley founded Elephant Aid International.

paragraph: Since the founding of EAI, Buckley has spent months each year in Nepal, India, Thailand and Sri Lanka consulting on and providing elephant foot care, target training and Compassionate Elephant Management (CEM) for elephants and their mahouts, and, creating solar powered chain free corrals to get working elephants in Asia off chains.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Elephant Aid International.:Elephant Refuge North America (ERNA) in Attapulgus, GA.

paragraph: With knowledge gained from finding, creating, building and directing The Elephant Sanctuary (Hohenwald), as well as the knowledge gained from work on 'Chain Free Means Pain Free' projects and other elephant welfare projects in Asia,

paragraph: Buckley created Elephant Refuge North America (ERNA) in 2016.

paragraph: The new Elephant Refuge in North America is located in Attapulgus, Georgia a few miles north of Tallahassee Florida. Buckley chose this site because it provides elephants 850 acres of species suitable habitat to wander and explore day and night, including pastures, forests, lakes, around 50 inches rainfall year-round, mild winters, hot humid summers. In addition the site will provide live web cams for people to observe natural elephant behaviour in real time, and an international intern/education center.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.:Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 – "Travels with Tarra", Tilbury House Publishers, January, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 – "Just for Elephants" Tilbury House Publishers, November, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 – "Tarra & Bella: The Elephant and Dog who became best friends", Putnam Juvenile, . The story of an elephant and a dog and their bond. This story was broadcast on CBS News, and then featured on newscasts and internet sites around the world.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – Time for Kids "Heroes for the Planet"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 – TARRA and BELLA chosen to represent the state of Tennessee at the 12th Annual National Book Festival in Washington, D.C. September 22–23.

description: International captive elephant trauma specialist

wikidata_label: Carol Buckley

wikipedia_title: Carol Buckley


text:
Mesoamerica
archaeologist
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
University of Central Florida
Mayan
lidar
University of Pennsylvania
Holmul
Orange Walk
Santa Rita Corozal
Tikal
Copan
Grasshopper Pueblo
Quintana Roo
Diane Zaino Chase
hieroglyphics
Maya
Belize
Maya urban complex
Caracol
Maya
University of Central Florida
lidar
rainforest
Caracol
Phi Kappa Phi

categories: American expatriates in Mexico,American archaeologists,University of Pennsylvania alumni,1953 births,Living people

paragraph: Arlen F. Chase

paragraph: Arlen F. Chase (born 1953) is a Mesoamerican archaeologist and is faculty member in the anthropology department at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Previously, he served as the Departmental Chair at the University of Central Florida, noted for his work on exploring traces of Mayan civilization using lidar.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Chase took his BA and PhD in Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, and then worked in the University of Pennsylvania's anthropology department. His fieldwork began with Mesoamerican excavations at Holmul and Orange Walk, Belize with the Santa Rita Corozal project, Belize, followed by excavations at Tikal, Copan, Grasshopper Pueblo and Quintana Roo.

paragraph: Chase moved to the University of Central Florida in 1984. He helped to transform it into one of the top American universities in the study of the Southern Lowland Maya. He and his wife Dr. Diane Zaino Chase have together published many peer reviewed articles and books on the subjects of hieroglyphics, settlement patterns, urbanism and ceramic studies of the Maya.

paragraph: Since 1984, Chase has conducted many excavations in the Petén region of Belize. From 1985 he has been Co-director of the Maya urban complex of Caracol. Chase developed excavation techniques to explore the history of Caracol from the Preclassic to the Postclassic period of Maya occupation, to reveal the archaeology while preserving the built structures as part of Belize's cultural heritage.

paragraph: In 2016, he joined the anthropology department at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV).

paragraph: Section::::Current research.

paragraph: Chase teamed with University of Central Florida biologist Dr John Weishampel to obtain a NASA Space Archaeology Program & UCF-UF Space Research Initiative grant to use lidar (light radar) sensors to detect changes in the rainforest canopy, reforestation patterns and modifications to archaeological sites. The lidar system was installed in an aircraft flown over Caracol. The system used laser beams that were projected to the ground, bounced back and were recorded. These recordings produced a detailed three dimension map of both the Forest canopy and the ruins of Caracol. The speed and precision of the system was far superior to traditional ground surveys. In a 2013 talk at the University of Minnesota, Arlen and Diane Chase talked about their most recent work at Caracol, including data generated by lidar.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006-2008 Member, Board of Governors, State University System of Florida (Chair, Advisory Council of Faculty Senates).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 The Ben and Trudy Termini Distinguished Anthropologist Lecture, University of Texas, Arlington.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Awarded the status of Pegasus Professor, UCF‟s highest faculty honor, for continued excellence inresearch, teaching, and service.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Inducted into Phi Kappa Phi honor society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995–present Co-Beneficiary (with Diane Z. Chase) of the Trevor Colbourn Endowment (University of Central Florida).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 Samuel Kahn Distinguished Alumnus Award, Robert Louis Stevenson School, Pebble Beach, CA.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Arlen F. Chase and Prudence M. Rice, Editors., "The Lowland Maya Postclassic", University of Texas Press, Austin, 352pp.+viii

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Arlen F. Chase, Diane Z. Chase, and John F. Weishampel, ""Lasers in the Jungle: Airborne sensors reveal a vast Maya landscape."" "Archaeology" 63(4):27-29.

paragraph: Section::::Articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Weishampel, John F., Arlen F. Chase, Diane Z. Chase, Jason B. Drake, Ramesh L. Shrestha, K. Clint Slatton,Jaime J. Awe,Jessica Hightower, and James Angelo, ""Remote Sensing of Ancient Maya Land Use Features at Caracol, Belize related to Tropical Rainforest Structure,"" in S. Campna, M. Forte, and C. Liuzza, Eds., "Space,Time, Place: Third International Conference on Remote Sensing in Archaeology", pp. 45–52, British Archaeological Reports S2118, Archaeopress, Oxford, England.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 ""A City Revealed."", Prism, American Society for Engineering Education, September 2010, pg. 21.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 ""Ils l'ont fait Une Cité Maya Cartographiée en Relief"", Science & Vie, Juillet 2010, pg. 13.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Arlen F. Chase and Diane Z. Chase, ""Methodological Issues in the Archaeological Identification of the Terminal Classic and Postclassic Transition in the Maya Area,"" Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology 5:23-36.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 Arlen F. Chase and Diane Z. Chase, ""Postclassic Temporal and Spatial Frames for the Lowland Maya: A Background,"" in A. Chase and P. Rice, Eds., The Lowland Maya Postclassic, pp. 9–22, University of Texas Press, Austin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 John Nobel Wilford, ""Mayans had a Middle Class, Too, Emerging Burial Artifacts Indicate."", New York Times, Jan 5. 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 Epstein, Nadine, ""From a Remote Jungle Site, a Trail of Striking Clues."", The Smithsonian, Vol 20(9): pp 99–113.

paragraph: Section::::Referenced articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Arlen F. Chase and Diane Z. Chase, ""Caracol,"" in W. Fash, Ed., "The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures", Vol. 1, pp. 143–145, Oxford University Press.

paragraph: Section::::Peer reviewed articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 Arlen F. Chase, Diane Z. Chase, Christopher T. Fisher, Stephen J. Leisz, and John F. Weishampel, "“Geospatial Revolution and Remote Sensing LiDAR in Mesoamerican Archaeology,”" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(32): 12916-2921.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 ""Status and Power: Fiction and Reality in the Classic Maya World,"" 8th Annual Belize Archaeology Symposium, San Ignacio Cayo, Belize (with D.Z. Chase – July).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 ""Airborne LiDAR and Maya Landscape Archaeology: Viewing Status and Power from a Distance,"" 8th Annual Belize Archaeology Symposium, San Ignacio Cayo, Belize (D.Z. Chase, A.F. Chase, J. Awe, and J.F. Weishampel – July).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 ""Relationships between LiDAR-Derived Rainforest Canopy Structure and Ancient Maya Land Use Legacies around Caracol, Belize,"" 25th Annual Meeting of the U.S. International Association of Landscape Ecology, Athens, Georgia (J.F. Weishampel, J.N. Hightower, J.J. Angelo, A. Matos, A.F. Chase, and D.Z. Chase - April).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 ""Remote Sensing of Ancient Maya Land Use Features at Caracol, Belize Related to Tropical Rainforest Structure,"" 3rd International Conference on Remote Sensing, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India (J.F.Weishampel, A.F. Chase, D.Z. Chase, J.B. Drake, R.L. Shrestha, K.C. Slatton, J.J. Awe, J. Hightower,J. Angelo – August).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 ""Elites, Symbolic Production, and Economic Distribution at Caracol, Belize,"" 73rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Vancouver, Canada (with D.Z. Chase – March).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.caracol.org/

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20160219045753/http://lidar.cr.usgs.gov/

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://faculty.sfasu.edu/cecillg/Sites.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.nichbelize.org/ia-general/archaeology-of-santa-rita.html

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.bu.edu/holmul/

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20120403172109/http://anthropology.cos.ucf.edu/content/people/viewPerson.html%26id%3D47%26group%3DFaculty

description: Mesoamerican archaeologist

wikidata_label: Arlen F. Chase

wikipedia_title: Arlen F. Chase


text: General

text: British Army

text: Adjutant-General to the Forces

text: Royal Hospital Chelsea

text: commissioned

text: Royal Artillery

text: First World War

text: Military Cross

text: Bar

text: Royal Horse Artillery

text: France

text: India

text: Iraq

text: Palestine

text: Egypt

text: Royal Military Academy, Woolwich

text: Staff College, Camberley

text: Second World War

text: Distinguished Service Order

text: Bar

text: 42 Armoured Division

text: 6 Armoured Division

text: Brigadier

text: 1st Army

text: Erwin Rommel

text: Battle of the Kasserine Pass

text: Tunisia

text: Brigadier

text: Nickforce

text: 10th Panzer Division

text: General Officer Commanding

text: 44th Indian Armoured Division

text: 21st Indian Infantry Division

text: 2nd Division

text: 5th Indian Infantry Division

text: Burma

text: War Office

text: Commander-in-Chief

text: West Africa Command

text: General Officer Commanding

text: Western Command

text: Middle East Land Forces

text: East Africa

text: Mau Mau Uprising

text: Adjutant General

text: British Army

text: ADC General

text: the Queen

text: Colonel Commandant

text: Royal Artillery

text: Colonel Commandant

text: Royal Horse Artillery

text: Companion of the Order of the Bath

text: Master Gunner, St James's Park

text: Royal Hospital Chelsea

categories: 1898 births,Devon cricketers,1979 deaths,Recipients of the Military Cross,Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire,English cricketers,British Army personnel of World War I,Royal Artillery officers,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath,Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,British Army generals of World War II

paragraph: Cameron Nicholson

paragraph: General Sir Cameron Gordon Graham Nicholson, (30 June 1898 – 7 July 1979) was a British Army officer who served as Adjutant-General to the Forces. He later served as Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Cameron Nicholson was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1915. He served in the First World War and was awarded Military Cross and Bar in 1918.

paragraph: Nicholson served with the Royal Horse Artillery in France, India, Iraq, Palestine and Egypt from 1917 to 1927. He served as an Instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich from 1927 to 1930, attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1931 to 1932 and then as an instructor at the Staff College from 1938 to 1939.

paragraph: He served in the Second World War and was awarded Distinguished Service Order and Bar in 1940. He was appointed Commander of Support Group, 42 Armoured Division in 1941 and then second-in-command of 6 Armoured Division in 1942. In 1943 he became Brigadier General Staff for the 1st Army. In February 1943 Field Marshal Erwin Rommel launched an assault, known as the Battle of the Kasserine Pass, on units of the British First Army in Tunisia. Brigadier Cameron Nicholson proved an effective combat leader who kept his remaining forces steady under relentless German hammering. The stubborn resistance of the British "Nickforce", led by Cameron Nicholson, enabled British Forces to hold the vital road leading into the Kasserine Pass against the heavy pressure of the German 10th Panzer Division, which was under Rommel's direct command.

paragraph: In 1944 he became General Officer Commanding 44th Indian Armoured Division, a post he held until 1944. He then became successively GOC 21st Indian Infantry Division, GOC 2nd Division, GOC 5th Indian Infantry Division and then GOC 2nd Division again – all of which commands were held while fighting in Burma.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war.

paragraph: In 1946 he became Director of Artillery at the War Office and then in 1948 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of West Africa Command.

paragraph: Then in 1951 he was made General Officer Commanding-in-Chief for Western Command. Then in 1953 he became Commander in Chief Middle East Land Forces. That same year he also made a visit to East Africa at which time units were engaged in the Mau Mau Uprising. He became Adjutant General later in 1953 and retired from the British Army in 1956.

paragraph: He was ADC General to the Queen from 1954 to 1956.

paragraph: He was also Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery from 1950 to 1960 and Colonel Commandant of the Royal Horse Artillery from 1956 to 1960.

paragraph: He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1945, advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1953 and made Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1954. He was also appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1943 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1950.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: He was also Master Gunner, St James's Park from 1956 to 1960. He was Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea from 1956 to 1961.

paragraph: Section::::References.

wikidata_label: Cameron Nicholson

wikipedia_title: Cameron Nicholson


text: Yancheng

text: Beijing East Village

text: Esplanade, Singapore

text: Cowboy Junkies

text: Renmin Park

text: I can not sit sadly by your side

text: Ai Weiwei

text: Ai Weiwei

text: Süddeutsche Zeitung

text: Tages-Anzeiger

text: Under the Dome

text: air pollution in China

text: Ai Weiwei

text: Shanghai Zendai Museum of Modern Art

text: English Website

text: Bitetone Presents: Our 2011 Best 35 Chinese Records

text: Bitetone.com

categories: Chinese male novelists,Chinese violinists,Living people,Chinese rock musicians,21st-century violinists,Musicians from Jiangsu,21st-century Chinese singers,China Central Academy of Fine Arts alumni,1970 births,Writers from Yancheng,Chinese singer-songwriters,21st-century guitarists,Singers from Jiangsu,Chinese male singers,Chinese guitarists

paragraph: Zuoxiao Zuzhou

paragraph: Zuoxiao Zuzhou () (b. Yancheng, March 4, 1970), real name Wu Hongjin, (吴红巾), is a Chinese musician and artist.

paragraph: Zuoxiao Zuzhou is also a notable music producer. He has produced and arranged Chinese famous artist Ai Weiwei's first rock album "The Divine Comedy". The soundtracks from the album are featured prominently in Ai Weiwei's documentary films.

paragraph: Growing up, he founded the rock band No and was a member of the Beijing East Village art collective. He has also contributed to the Huayi Chinese Festival of Arts at the Esplanade, Singapore, and provided vocals for the song "A Walk in the Park" on Cowboy Junkies 2010 album "Renmin Park". In 2008, he released the two-disc "You Know Where the East Is".

paragraph: The meaning of Wu Hongjin's stage name, Zuoxiao Zuzhou reflects that everyone called him "unclear" or "unreliable" . or, that it is just for sound and has no meaning.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and Career.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and Career.:Early life.

paragraph: His original name being Wu Hongjin, he grew up in a waterman family. He experienced usual life on the street when he was young. In 1993, he came to Beijing after living in Shanghai. He later established “Beijing East Village” along with some other artists in Eastern suburbs which had a far-reaching impact on Chinese contemporary art. During this time, he founded the band NO with Ye Qian, and later changed his name to Zuoxiao Zuzhou as the vocal, guitarist, violinist and composer for the group.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and Career.:Early Albums.

paragraph: His first album, "The Missing Master" was distributed in 1998. The second album "Trip To The Temple Fair" was distributed 2 years later. These two albums obtained the top album in the Rock magazine at that time. The third album, "Zuoxiaozuzhou At Di'anmen" won the Chinese music market, making him a very popular artist. In 1999, his work "Increased To Famous Mountains One Meter" was presented in the 48th Venice International Biennale which was collectively created by Zuoxiao Zuzhou and several other artists from Beijing East. After releasing "The Missing Master" and "The Trip to Temple Fair" he signed a contract with Modern Sky Music Company in 2004.

paragraph: In 2005, he self-published the album "I can not sit sadly by your side". In 2007, "The U.S.A", a film soundtrack album was released, sold for $25 each, which set a new record in Chinese music album. In 2009, the double disc "You Know Where The East Side Is" was published, selling for $85 each, which makes it the most expensive album record.

paragraph: On March 19, 2010, Zuoxiao Zuzhou held his first solo concert "All The Best" in Beijing Century Theatre. His entire lineup included bandmates Ai Weiwei, Ning Hao, Meng Jinghui, Jia Zhangke, Zhu Wen, Li Yanliang, and Fang Wuxing. The concert DVD version was released on March, 2012.

paragraph: "You Know Where The East Is" was awarded Southern Weekly annual culture original music in 2009. "Big Deal" has awarded nine nominations of Chinese Music Media Award in 2010, he obtained The Best Mandarin Male Singer, and Best Composer Award.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and Career.:Controversy.

paragraph: On August 12, 2009, Ai Weiwei was invited by the lawyer of Tan Zuoren up to the court in Chengdu, and Zuoxiao Zuzhou and others went to Sichuan together. In the early morning, Chengdu Police broke into door and hit Ai Weiwei on the head. Then, Ai was illegally detained till the end of the case to trial. The story was made into a documentary "Lao Ma Ti Hua", whom Zuoxiao Zuzhou was the main soundtrack producer. On June 6, 2011, after Ai was released by the authorities after illegal detention for 81 days, Zuoxiao Zuzhou begin to produce Ai’s rock album "The Divine Comedy." The album was finished in 2013, and was published in the United States.

paragraph: On April 24, 2011, when Zuoxiao Zuzhou as the grand finale artists who performed in ZhouZhuang folk poetry festival, some audience members screamed the name of Ai Weiwei and on the background Weibo screen screened content related to Ai Weiwei. Thus, he has prohibited to participate in any commercial performance in China, including KAMA LOVE music festival in June.

paragraph: On Sep 23, 2014, album "We Need A Troublemaker" was published. The same year, he participated in music festivals in Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Kunming, Changsha, Xiamen, Dali and Son on include Strawberry, Lebao music festival in succession which means his ban has been removed.

paragraph: During Double Nine Festival 2012, The house of Zouzhou’s father-in-law was located in Qianjiatang, Wunjin District, Hangzhou had a forced demolition. The news triggered great attention in society; many celebrities posted Weibo message to support including Li Chengpeng, Yao Chen, Li Kaifu, Han han, Hong Huang, Murong Xuecun, Han Zhiguo, Yu Jianrong, and Luo Yonghao. Zuoxiao Zuzhou went back home immediately to stop the demolition. Afterwards, Ling Guangyao, the secretary of Changzhou Wujin Hi-Tech Development District stated that before any negotiation with his family, the house will not be demolished. Moreover, the neighboring house also will not be demolished in order to avoid trouble. However, rumors on the internet about the famous nail household has never stopped.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and Career.:Popularity Growth.

paragraph: In 2010, Zuzhou contributed music, lyrics and vocal in Cowboy Junkies’ song, "A Walk in The Park" in their album "Renmin Park". In the same album, Cowboy Junkies covered Zuzhou’s song, "I Cannot Sit Sadly By Your Side". The band member Michael Timmins called Zuoxiao Zuzhou “China’s Leonard Cohen” in an interview with the National Public Radio.

paragraph: In 2013, Zuzhou was invited to deliver a speech at the University of California, Berkeley, titled “China” in Zuoxiao Zuzhou’s Music and Art. Cowboy Junkies’ member Michael Timmins joined the event as the discussant.

paragraph: On February 2014, German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung and Swiss newspaper Tages-Anzeiger carried a cover story about Zuoxiao Zuzhou. His photos was chosen by several famous magazine in China as their cover photos including GQ, ELLE MAN, Esquire, City Magazine and FHM magazine.

paragraph: On February 28, 2015, Zuzhou performed PM2.5 in the animated session PM2.5’s Confession of Chai JIng’s documentary film Under the Dome. Hitting over 10 million views 24 hours after its release, the film successfully called for public attention to the air pollution in China before the National People’s Congress and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The lost master" 《走失的主人》1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trip to temple fair" 《庙会之旅》1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zuoxiao Zuzhou at Di'anmen" 《左小祖咒在地安门》 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I cannot Sit Sadly by Your Side" 《我不能悲伤地坐在你身旁》2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The USA"《美国》2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Know Where the East Is" 《你知道东方在哪一边》2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big deal" 《大事》2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zuoxiao Zuzhou OST For Ai Weiwei Works No.1" 《左小祖咒原声配乐No.1》 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trip to temple fair II"《庙会之旅II》2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Know The Enemy Is Over There"《你知道对方在那一边》2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zuoxiao Zuzhou Head to Naizifang"《左小祖咒去奶子房》2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love for Life"《最爱》2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Never Tasted This Kind of Little Grape" 《这小小的葡萄我从来没吃过》2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ideal City" 《一座城池》2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Need A Troubadour" 《我们需要个歌手》2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2010-2013 Beijing Live" 《2010-2013北京现场》2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Have Never Eaten These Tiny Grapes Live" 《这小小的葡萄我从来没吃过发布Live》2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flore" 《花神》 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shanghai Days"《上海岁月》2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Farewell Kanas"《再见喀纳斯》2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zuoxiao Zuzhou 2016 Xi'an Unplugged Live"《左小祖咒2016西安不插电Live》2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Soul and Flesh in Taipei"《风月情色在台北》2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Never Sorry" 《非常抱歉》2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grapes Ripe" 《葡萄熟了》2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Artist In Artists" 《艺术家中的艺术家》2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The lost master 20 anniversary" 《走失的主人20周年》2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Power of Belief is Endless" 《相信的力量是无穷的》2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chongqing Woman" 《重庆女人》2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Live of Three Nights in Ulanbator" 《乌兰巴托的三个夜晚实况》2019

paragraph: Section::::Art Events & Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contemporary Chinese Works on Paper, Ipswich Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crystal - The Momentum of Contemporary Art, Museum Of Art Without Boundaries

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Art Farmer’ Personal painting Exhibition by Zuoxiao Zuzhou, One S, Shenzhen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murakami Takashi & Zuoxiao Zuzhou ‘I Can't Look at Your Gigglish Face When I Sad’, D.House Life Hall, Xiamen

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Wrong Version’ Personal painting Exhibition by Zuoxiao Zuzhou, Vision Hill Arts Center, Tianjin

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Their Nursery Rhyme’ Personal painting Exhibition by Zuoxiao Zuzhou, Ai Yike Art Gallery, Changsha

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Tell Me That Story Again’ Personal painting Exhibition by Zuoxiao Zuzhou, Pipal Gallery, Guangzhou

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Life Experience of Aesthetic’ The Momentum of Contemporary Art, Sichuan University of Culture and Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Cube Of Intuition’ Personal painting Exhibition by Zuoxiao Zuzhou, Cao Chang Di, Beijing, ARTASTE

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘A Beautiful New World’ International Contemporary Art Exhibition - The 2nd Nanjing International Art Festival, Nanjing International Exhibition Centre

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mortal Beings&Little Things - Zuoxiao Zuzhou's Small Paintings, No.55 Art Space, Beijing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Not On Site: Absolute Threshold and a Type of Site-Specific Drift, AMNUA, Nanjing

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Switch’, First Contemporary Art Exhibition of Xi'an, Xi'an Museum of Contemporary Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Integration’, T-Museum Opening Exhibition, Hangzhou T-Museum, Zhejiang

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spectacle Reconstruction –Chinese Contemporary Art，MODEM Centre for Modern and Contemporary Arts，Hungary

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voice of the Unseen, Collateral event of the 55th International Art Exhibition - La Biennale Di Venezia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walking with Pigs, Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archeology at Peking University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Individual Growth—the Momentum of Contemporary Art，Tianjin Art Museum、Shijiazhuang Art Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fuck off 2, The Groninger Museum, the Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Baptized - Art Under the Disaster’, CCD300 Contemporary Art and Design Center

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Down to earth’, Contemporary Art Collection Exhibition in Guangxi, You Ming Tang Art Center of MIXC, Nanning

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Slap’, Invitation Exhibition of Young Artists, Beijing Sanlitun four five Art Center, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Red Prescription’, Huangjueping Independent Image Art Space, Chongqing

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Elite Exhibition of Contemporary Art’, Dalian Zhongshan Museum of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Interconnected’, Three Shadows Art Documentary, Beijing Three Shadows Photography Art Centre, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘San Sheng Wan Wu’, Comprehensive Art Exhibition, Shanghai Zhengda Contemporary Art Exhibition Hall, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Museum on Paper’, Art & Investment Magazine, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Get It Louder-Sharism’, Beijing Sanlitun Soho, Shanghai 800Show Creative Park, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Transition’, Contemporary Art Exhibition, Wenzhou Seventh Art Center, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Nature of China’, Contemporary Art Documentary, Suzhou True Color Museum, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Arles in Beijing’, The First Annual Caochangdi PhotoSpring, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘The 4th China Independent Film Festival’, Institute of Drama and Film Studies, Nanjing University, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Passing China’, Contemporary Chinese Photography, Gallery Sanstorium, Istanbul, Turkey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘3+X People And Things Around’, Contemporary Art Exhibition, China Art Archives and Warehouse, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘3+X/B Asks B Answers’, H.J.Y Contemporary Art Center, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘3+X Can Be More Poetic’, Contemporary Art Exhibition, Nanjing Shangdong Contemporary Art, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘3+X’, Contemporary Art Exhibition, Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archeology at Peking University, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Contemporary Artist Photo Exhibition’, Today Art Gallery, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘You West, Me East’, Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition, Chengdu K Gallery, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘You West, Me East’, Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition, Shenzhen Art Museum, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘You West, Me East’, Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition, Wuhan Art Museum, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘You West, Me East’, Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition, Xi’an Art Museum, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Dong Gallery New Art Show’, Dong Gallery, 798 Art District, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘New Art Revolution-Chinese Contemporary Art in Cuba’, National Museum of Fine Art, Havana, Cuba

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Yan Gerber International Arts Festival(1st)’, Yan Gerber Museum of Modern Art, Weichang County, Hebei Province, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Passing By China’, Contemporary Chinese Photography, Eli Klein Fine Art Gallery, New York, U.S

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘So Sorry’, Ai Weiwei, Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Polar Region Tension’, Exhibition of Artists from Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu, Qisheng Gallery, Luodai Town, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘China Imagery, City Flag’, Xi'an Qujiang International Contemporary Art Season, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Zhi Dong Da Xi’, Yuangong＆Zuoxiao Zuzhou Exhibition, Shanghu Gallery, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Fluid Community’, Constellations, The First Beijing 798 Biennale, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Crap’, Chengdu Contemporary Art Exhibition, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘2nd Mary Inn Media Clippings, Art Meets Rock’ n Roll’, Yugong Yishan Club, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘19 Games’, Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition, T. Art Center, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘13 No Kaos’, Duffy Cigar Art Gallery, Kunming, Yunnan, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Reflection’-2009 New Art World Invitation Exhibition, Wall Art Museum, The Central Academy of Arts & Design, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Reflection’-2009 New Art World Invitation Exhibition, West Lake Gallery, Zhejiang, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Chinese Complex’, Contemporary Art Exhibition, Huamao Center, Beijing，China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hypallage, the Post-Modern Mode Of Chinese Contemporary Art, The OCT Art & Design Gallery, Shenzhen，China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Maze II’, Asian Contemporary Art Center, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palm Beach 3 Art Fair, Florida, U.S.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Basel Miami-China Art in the Beach, Florida, U.S.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘You Know Where the East is’, Imperial City Art Museum, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Sky’ Famed Artists Gallery Show, Red Space Gallery, 798 Art District, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Academy and Non-Academy’ Gallery Show, Yibo Gallery, Shanghai，China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Exhibition, Chongqing Art Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sculpture Show, Loft, 798 Art District, Beijing China，

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Contemporary Art Exhibition, Shanghai Expo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contemporary Art Exhibition, Beijing Expo，China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Exhibition, Yuangong Modern Art Gallery, Shanghai，China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘A Retrospective of Unnamed Art Group’, Shanghai Zendai Museum of Modern Art, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pingyao International Photography Festival, Shanxi, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Convection’ Retrospective of Collections at Three Shadows Contemporary Photography Center, Beijing，China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘I Love Contemporary Art Also’, Miao Feng Mountain, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Seven’ Contemporary Art Exhibition, National Museum of Singapore

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘A Retrospective of Contemporary Photography’, at Season Gallery, 798 Art District, Beijing，China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Lianzhou International Photography Festival’, Guangdong, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 30th Hong Kong International Film Festival, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘The Amsterdam China Festival’, Amsterdam, Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Art Forum Berlin’, Alexander Ochs Galleries, Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘What’ Art Exhibition, Shanxi Art Museum, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Crusoe-Exhibition of Contemporary Art’, Post-Modern City, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- Signboard, China Tour In Six Major Cities

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mad Dog Crying Over Graveyard, Sonic Factory, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- 48th Venice Biennale, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Methodology’, song based on Jiang Zemin’s report on the 15th NPC ，China

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Sound of Origin’ Behavioral Art at a Fly-over, Dongbianmen, Beijing

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘New Year’s Voice’, Maxim’s Restaurant at Chongwenmen, Beijing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Founded the avant-garde artists commune ‘East Village’ of Beijing, as one of the masterminds

paragraph: Section::::Film Scores.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hello Mr. Billionaire By Yan Fei/Peng Damo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goodbye Mr. Loser By Yan Fei/Peng Damo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crosscurrent By Yang Chao

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Wasted Times By Cheng Er

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Ideal City (Based on a Han Han Novel)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life Is A Miracle By Gu Changwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- Very Sorry By Ai Weiwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- An Isolated Man By Ai Weiwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beautiful Life By Ai Weiwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hua Hao Yue Yuan By Ai Weiwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Hua By Ai Weiwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4851—May 12 Earthquake Student Victims List By Ai Weiwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- Old Mom Pettitoes By Ai Weiwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- Turtle's Road to Homeland By Dong Wensheng

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stab Me By Liu Jian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fairy Tale By Ai Weiwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tale of Stone By Dong Wensheng

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seven Sages in Bamboo Forest By Yang Fudong

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden Week By Li Hongqi

paragraph: BULLET::::- End Credit Music for Useless By Jia Zhangke

paragraph: BULLET::::- Too Much Rice By Li Hongqi

paragraph: BULLET::::- The World By Jia Zhangke

paragraph: BULLET::::- On Darkness Does Not Exist (Play) By Zhu Xiuyang

paragraph: BULLET::::- South of Cloud By Zhu Wen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ru Meng Ling By Jin Feng

paragraph: BULLET::::- Channel Cave By Zhou Xiaohu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eat Drink Play Joy By Ai Dan & Ai Weiwei

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mr. Honey By Zhou Xiaohu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beautiful Mushroom Cloud By Zhou Xiaohu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Season of Taxi By Ma Yingli

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mad dog barks at the tomb"《狂犬吠墓》, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sad Boss" 《忧伤的老板》 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zuoxiao Zuzhou Guitar Tabs"《左小祖咒有谱》, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mad dog barks at the tomb(second edition)"《狂犬吠墓》（再版）, 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Che Pi" 《扯皮》 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Che Pi II" 《扯皮II》 2018

paragraph: Section::::Works of art.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Add One Meter to Unnamed Mountain’, Behavioral Art, Miao Feng Mountain, Beijing，1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Methodology’, song based on Jiang Zemin’s report on the 15th NPC ，China 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘I Love Contemporary Art Also’, Miao Feng Mountain, Beijing, China 2007

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- English Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bitetone Presents: Our 2011 Best 35 Chinese Records on Bitetone.com

description: Chinese singer

wikidata_label: Zuoxiao Zuzhou

wikipedia_title: Zuoxiao Zuzhou


text:
Queen of Bosnia
King Tvrtko II
House of Garai
Kingdom of Hungary
John Garai
ispán
Temes County
ban
Usora
Nicholas I
Nicholas II Garai
palatines of Hungary
Hedwig
Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia
King Sigismund
Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs
Tvrtko II of Bosnia
Ottomans
Roman Catholic Church
Catholic Church
Bosnian Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Republic of Ragusa
Milodraž
Sandalj Hranić Kosača
Podvisoki
gifts
Blagaj
patron of art
Ljubibratić noble family
Bobovac
Pope Eugene IV
James of the Marches
Franciscan Province of Bosna Srebrena
miracles
looted

categories: Bosnian queens,1438 deaths,Year of birth unknown,Garai family,15th-century Hungarian women

paragraph: Dorothy Garai

paragraph: Dorothy Garai (/Доротеја Горјанска, ; died between 19 and 24 September 1438) was a Hungarian noblewoman who became Queen of Bosnia upon her marriage to King Tvrtko II in 1428. She functioned as art patron and exerted significant influence over her husband, especially over his relations with church officials, which earned her considerable notoriety in monastic circles. The marriage was harmonius, but childless and cut short by her death in her twenties.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Dorothea was born into the House of Garai, an extremely powerful noble family of the Kingdom of Hungary. She was one of the daughters of John Garai, "ispán" (count) of the Temes County and "ban" (governor) of the Bosnian region of Usora. Nicholas I and Nicholas II Garai, Dorothea's grandfather and uncle respectively, served as palatines of Hungary, the highest-ranking officials in the kingdom. Her mother was Hedwig, daughter of Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia. Dorothy may have been familiar with the Hungarian royal court due to family connections, her uncle being King Sigismund's palatine and brother-in-law.

paragraph: Dorothy first emerges in the late 1420s, when she resided within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs and by which time her father had died. At that time, King Tvrtko II of Bosnia found that his vassals' opposition to his close ties with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hungary was putting his throne in jeopardy. The noblemen were concerned that the Hungarian alliance would provoke an attack by the Ottomans, and that the Hungarians would help him consolidate his power at their expense. Tvrtko responded by strengthening his alliance with the Hungarians even further; Sigismund offered him marriage with Dorothy, and Tvrtko accepted.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.:Engagement and wedding.

paragraph: The engagement did not immediately receive support of the Roman Catholic Church, however, because Tvrtko's religious affiliations were not clear enough. He admitted his subjects were "shaky Christians" who often changed allegiance from the Catholic Church to the Bosnian Church or even Eastern Orthodox Church and vice versa, but Tvrtko managed to dispel doubts about his loyalty to the Pope, and the marriage went ahead. The sources reporting these marriage negotiations are also the only ones that mention Dorothy by name, which is why historians were for a long time uneasy about identifying her as Tvrtko's wife.

paragraph: All information about the royal wedding comes from the documents issued by the institutions of the Republic of Ragusa; the Ragusan patricians were keen to learn as much as possible about the King of Bosnia's bride. Dorothy was supposed to be received by Tvrtko in Milodraž on 12 July 1428, but the marriage ceremony does not seem to have taken place before August. The wedding festivities lasted for days. Many Bosnian noblemen, including Grand Duke Sandalj Hranić Kosača, refused to attend out of protest. Ragusan representatives on 31 July asked for the young queen to come to Podvisoki so she can receive gifts, as Ragusans had a considerable merchant colony in that town. The new queen may have accompanied her husband on his visit to the Kosača family seat in Blagaj, intended to mend the relations between the vassal and the overlord, in the spring of 1429.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.:Queenship.

paragraph: As queen, Dorothy appears to have been both politically active and a patron of art. The Ragusan authorities addressed the Queen as well as the King, and they made effort to flatter her by sending expensive gifts and emphasizing her family's traditionally close relations with the Republic. She was specifically invoked in 1432 when they requested that the larcenous Ljubibratić noble family be banished. The vigorous artistic activity at the royal court in Bobovac during Dorothy's queenship is linked either to her personally or to Tvrtko's desire to please her.

paragraph: In 1432, Pope Eugene IV sent Saint James of the Marches to reform the Franciscan Province of Bosna Srebrena and eradicate the Bosnian Church. He became vicar and fully empowered inquisitor of Bosnia in 1435 and remained in the kingdom for four more years. His aggressive approach to the Bosnian Church was strongly opposed by King Tvrtko, but it appears that his principal nemesis was the Queen. Their differences were such that Dorothy, "that evil woman", was accused of trying to have James murdered on several occasions, only for him to be saved by various miracles. She is alleged to have eventually grown tired of trying to get rid of him and instead made peace with the saint. The circumstances under which her marriage to Tvrtko was sanctioned leave no place for doubts about her loyalty to the Catholic Church, and the accusations thus seem unfounded. They do, however, indicate that she had great influence on her husband's religious policy.

paragraph: Section::::Death and posterity.

paragraph: The marriage of Dorothy and Tvrtko was certainly contracted for political reasons, but Ragusan reports about their wedding festivities and her death, which took place between 19 and 24 September 1438, indicate that the King had genuine affection for his wife. She was interred in the Bobovac chapel, which had probably been built for her. Despite facing succession issues, her widower never remarried and was buried next to her five years later. Her tomb has since been looted. Anthropological research indicates that she was in her twenties when she died.

paragraph: It is not clear whether Dorothy had children. Sources do not mention any issue of Tvrtko II and Dorothy Garai, so it is generally assumed that the couple were childless. Archaeological excavations in the 20th century resulted in the discovery of a child's grave between the graves of Tvrtko and Dorothy, however, indicating that they may have had a child who died shortly after birth.

description: Queen consort of Bosnia

wikidata_label: Dorothy Garai

wikipedia_title: Dorothy Garai


text:
Montluçon
Allier
motorcycle racer
Supersport World Championship
Yamaha YZF-R6
Silverstone
Profile on MotoGP.com
Profile on WorldSBK.com

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,1988 births,Supersport World Championship riders,Superbike World Championship riders,French motorcycle racers,250cc World Championship riders,People from Montluçon,125cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Jules Cluzel

paragraph: Jules Cluzel (born 12 October 1988 in Montluçon, Allier) is a French motorcycle racer. In 2018 he competes in the Supersport World Championship riding a Yamaha YZF-R6. He scored his first ever Grand Prix victory at Silverstone in Moto2 in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Supersport World Championship.:Races by year.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on MotoGP.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on WorldSBK.com

description: French motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Jules Cluzel

wikipedia_title: Jules Cluzel


text:
Tanworth-in-Arden
racing
British Touring Car Championship
1980
1981
Toyota
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
Toyota Corolla
Toyota Supra
1990
Vauxhall Cavalier
Ford Sierra
Ford Sierra RS500
touring cars
sports car racing
BRDC C2 Championship
Tim Harvey
TVR Tuscan Challenge
World Sportscar Championship
24 Hours of Le Mans
Mazdaspeed
Courage Compétition
Spice Engineering
British GT Championship
Marcos LM600
Lola
ISRS
Stefan
Chris Hodgetts at btcc-racing.com
Official website

categories: British Touring Car Championship Champions,British GT Championship drivers,Living people,1950 births,British Touring Car Championship drivers,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,People from Tanworth-in-Arden,British Formula 3000 Championship drivers

paragraph: Chris Hodgetts

paragraph: Chris Hodgetts (born 6 December 1950 in Tanworth-in-Arden, Warwickshire) is a British former racing driver. He began his racing career in 1979, driving in the Clubman Class A championship.

paragraph: Section::::BTCC career.

paragraph: Hodgetts debuted in the British Touring Car Championship in 1980. His first overall podium place came in 1981 when he came second. He was consistent in the top five after that, mostly driving for the works Toyota team. He came fourth in 1983, fifth in 1984, second in 1985, before winning the series in 1986 and 1987 at the wheel of a Group C Toyota Corolla. The 1988 season was not a success. The new Group A Toyota Supra needed a lot of development and only a handful of good results were gained. His last race in the BTCC was in 1990. That season he drove for the works Vauxhall team, helping to develop the new Vauxhall Cavalier. Towards the end of the year he switched to a Ford Sierra, before calling time on his BTCC career. During the 1989 season, Hodgetts was driving for Brooklyn in an iconic red Ford Sierra RS500.

paragraph: Section::::After the BTCC.

paragraph: Besides racing in touring cars, Hodgetts also found success in sports car racing. He shared the BRDC C2 Championship with Tim Harvey in 1989 before retiring and won the TVR Tuscan Challenge in 1990. The 1994 season saw Chris in the Rover Turbo Challenge. He also drove in the World Sportscar Championship on occasion and had seven starts in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, representing team such as Mazdaspeed, Courage Compétition and Spice Engineering. He had a best finish of 7th place overall in the classic 24 hour race. In 1995 he won the GT2 title in the British GT Championship, driving a Marcos LM600. He retired after 1998, when he drove a Lola in the ISRS.

paragraph: Hodgetts now works for Racing Team & Drivers as a driver instructor. His son Stefan raced in the BTCC in 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete British Saloon / Touring Car Championship results.

paragraph: ‡ – Endurance driver

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chris Hodgetts at btcc-racing.com

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: British racing driver

wikidata_label: Chris Hodgetts

wikipedia_title: Chris Hodgetts


text:
Duchess consort of Brittany
John III, Duke of Brittany
County of Savoy
House of Savoy
House of Dreux
Edward, Count of Savoy
Blanche of Burgundy
Isabella
Aymon
Semi-Salic
same name
Joan
Amadeus VI
Philip, Duke of Orléans

categories: 1344 deaths,Duchesses of Brittany,14th-century Breton people,House of Savoy,1310 births

paragraph: Joan of Savoy

paragraph: Joan of Savoy (1310 – 29 June 1344), was Duchess consort of Brittany, wife of John III, Duke of Brittany. Joan was also a claimant to the County of Savoy upon the death of her father. She was a member of the House of Savoy and married into the House of Dreux.

paragraph: Joan was born in 1310, she was the only child of Edward, Count of Savoy, and his wife, Blanche of Burgundy.

paragraph: Joan married in 1329 aged nineteen to the forty-three-year-old, childless John III, Duke of Brittany; she was his third wife, John's second wife Isabella had died the previous year.

paragraph: The same year as Joan's marriage, her father died. Being his only child she considered herself his successor. However, Savoy had never had a female ruler, leading to a dispute in the succession. Joan's uncle Aymon had the support of the nobles of Savoy for the Semi-Salic inheritance and succeeded as count.

paragraph: John supported Joan's rights on Savoy. After the marriage, Joan renewed her claim on Savoy and allied herself with the Dauphin de Viennois against her uncle. By agreement settled by the French King on 22 November 1339, she renounced her rights of succession in return for an annual income of 6000 livres.

paragraph: Joan and John were married for twelve years but produced no offspring, and John died on 30 April 1341, leaving Joan a childless widow. This led to a disputed succession in Brittany between John's half-brother of the same name and John's niece Joan.

paragraph: In 1343, when her uncle Aymon died, Joan renewed her claim on the county of Savoy against her nine-year-old cousin, Amadeus VI. In her will, she left the county to Philip, Duke of Orléans to spite her cousins. In the end, he negotiated a similar settlement to the one of Joan, yielding the claim in exchange for 5000 livres annually.

paragraph: Joan died on 29 June 1344.

alias:
Jeanne de Savoie
Joanna Sabaudzka

description: Duchess consort of Brittany

wikidata_label: Joan of Savoy

wikipedia_title: Joan of Savoy