text:
C.Ss.R.
Moravia
hermit
Redemptorist
congregation
saint
Vienna
patron saint
feast
Saint Stephen
Tasovice
Znojmo District
Moravia
Czech Republic
Czech
German
seminary
Latin
parish priest
Znojmo
priory
Premonstratensian
canons regular
Emperor Joseph II
enlightened absolutism
Habsburg Empire
pilgrimage
Tivoli
hermit
bishop
Pope Pius VII
religious habit
St. Clement of Rome
Mary, mother of Jesus
University of Vienna
theology
Josephinism
rationalism
ordination
Redemptorist
novitiate
Saint Joseph
poverty, chastity, and obedience
Cathedral of Alatri
Superior General
Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer
Joseph II
religious institute
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Freemasonry
Stanislaus II
Catherine II
first partition
A similar partition
a third time
Napoleon
great army
lay brother
apostolate
lay
Mass
high Mass
office of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Way of the Cross
vespers
Tadeusz Kościuszko
The battles reached Warsaw
Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
Duchy of Warsaw
Napoleon
Ursuline
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel
Dorothea von Schlegel
Moses Mendelssohn
Friedrich August von Klinkowström
Metternich
Zacharias Werner
Emperor Franz
Pope Pius VII
beatified
Pope Leo XIII
canonized
Catholic Church
Pope Pius X
liturgical
feast
parish church
10th Avenue
New York City
closed
Jan Matejko
Constitution of 3 May 1791

categories: 19th-century Christian saints,19th-century Roman Catholic priests,1820 deaths,Czech Roman Catholic saints,Canonizations by Pope Pius X,Czech Roman Catholic priests,People from Znojmo District,18th-century Roman Catholic priests,18th-century Christian saints,Beatifications by Pope Leo XIII,Austrian people of Moravian-German descent,Austrian people of Czech descent,Austrian Roman Catholic priests,Austrian Roman Catholic saints,Redemptorist saints,1751 births,Czech people of Austrian descent,Czech hermits,Bakers

paragraph: Clement Mary Hofbauer

paragraph: Clement Mary Hofbauer, C.Ss.R., () (26 December 1751 – 15 March 1820) was a Moravian hermit and later a priest of the Redemptorist congregation. He established the presence of his congregation, founded in Italy, north of the Alps, for which he is considered a co-founder of the congregation. He was greatly known for his lifelong dedication to the care of the poor during a tumultuous period of Europe's history, which left thousands in destitution. He worked to care for the Polish people, until he was expelled from there and moved to Austria.

paragraph: Hofbauer has been declared a saint by the Catholic Church. Due to his extensive service in that city, he is called the Apostle of Vienna, of which he is a co-patron saint.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life.

paragraph: He was born Johannes ("Hansl") Hofbauer on the feast of Saint Stephen (December 26) 1751, in Taßwitz (now Tasovice), in the Znojmo District of the Moravian region of what is now the Czech Republic. He was the ninth of twelve children born to Maria Steer and Paul Hofbauer (originally Pavel Dvořák, who had changed the family name from the Czech "Dvořák" to the German "Hofbauer").

paragraph: The son of a poor widow, his father having died when he was six years old, Hofbauer had little chance to go away to a seminary or join a religious Order. He began to study Latin at the home of the local parish priest. It was to be the first step on Hofbauer's long road to the priesthood. The period of study ended abruptly with the death of the pastor when Hofbauer was just fourteen. The new pastor did not have time to help him with the language studies.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Baker and hermit.

paragraph: Unable to continue studying for the priesthood, Hofbauer had to learn a trade. He was sent to become an apprentice in a bakery in the local capital of Znojmo (in German called "Znaim") in 1767. In 1770, he went to work in the bakery of the priory in Brück of the Premonstratensian canons regular, also known as the White Canons. At that time, the effects of war and famine were sending many homeless and hungry people to the priory for help. Hofbauer worked day and night to feed the poor people who came to the priory door. He worked as a servant at the priory until 1775, when he spent time living as a hermit. He lived that life briefly until the Emperor Joseph II, a proponent of enlightened absolutism, abolished all hermitages in the Habsburg Empire.

paragraph: In 1782, after a pilgrimage to Rome, Hofbauer found his way to Tivoli, Italy. He decided to become a hermit at the local shrine of Our Lady of Quintiliolo, under the patronage of the local bishop, Barnabas Chiaramonte (later Pope Pius VII), who clothed him in the religious habit of a hermit. It was at this time that Hofbauer took the name of Clement Mary: Clement, most likely after St. Clement of Rome, and Mary in honor of Mary, mother of Jesus. As a hermit, Hofbauer prayed for himself and for all the people in the world who forgot to pray. He worked at the shrine and assisted the pilgrims who came. Hofbauer did not find happiness, however, and in less than six months he left Quintiliolo. He realized the need to pray for people was a good work, but it was still not the priesthood that he wanted so badly.

paragraph: Hofbauer returned to the priory at Brück to bake bread and to begin the study of Latin once again. At the age of 29, due to the sponsorship of two women he met while serving Mass at the cathedral, Hofbauer entered the University of Vienna. Since Emperor Joseph's government had closed all seminaries, students for the priesthood had to study at government-controlled universities. Hofbauer was frustrated by the theology courses that were permeated by Josephinism, rationalism, and other outlooks and teachings he found questionable. He completed his studies in philosophy by the year 1784, but he could proceed no further toward ordination, however, as the Emperor had also forbidden religious communities to accept new candidates.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:A Redemptorist.

paragraph: During another pilgrimage in 1784 made on foot, Hofbauer and his traveling companion, Thaddäus Hübl, decided to join a religious community. The two seminarians were accepted into the Redemptorist novitiate at the Community of San Giuliano in Rome. On the feast of Saint Joseph, 19 March 1785, Hofbauer and Hübl became Redemptorists, publicly professing to live the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Ten days later they were ordained to the priesthood at the Cathedral of Alatri.

paragraph: A few months after their ordination the two Germanic Redemptorists were summoned by their Superior General, Father de Paola. They were told to return to their homeland across the Alps and establish the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer in northern Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Mission to Poland.

paragraph: Section::::Mission to Poland.:Warsaw.

paragraph: The political situation caused by the Emperor did not allow Hofbauer to remain in his own country. Emperor Joseph II, who had closed over 1,000 monasteries and convents, was not about to allow a new religious institute to establish a foundation within his domain. Realizing this, the two Redemptorists moved on to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (present-day Poland). It was February 1787 when they reached Warsaw, a city of 124,000 people. Although there were 160 churches plus 20 monasteries and convents in the city, there was still opportunity for work: the people were poor and uneducated; their houses were in need of repair. Many had turned from Catholicism to Freemasonry. Hofbauer and his companions worked to help restore Catholic faith.

paragraph: Poland was likewise in the midst of great political turmoil at the time of Hofbauer's arrival in 1787. King Stanislaus II was virtually a puppet in the hands of Catherine II of Russia. Fifteen years earlier, the first partition of the country had taken place—with Austria, Russia, and Prussia dividing the spoils. A similar partition was to occur again in 1793 and for a third time in 1795. Napoleon and his great army of conquest marching through Europe added to the political tension. During Hofbauer's 21 years in Warsaw, there was hardly a peaceful moment.

paragraph: On their journey to Poland, the two new Redemptorist priests were joined by Peter Kunzmann, a fellow baker who had accompanied Hansl on a pilgrimage. He became the first Redemptorist lay brother from outside Italy. Together they arrived in Warsaw with no money; Hofbauer had given the last three silver coins to beggars along the way. They met with the apostolic delegate, Archbishop Saluzzo, who put them in charge of St. Benno's Church to work with the German-speaking people of Warsaw. As they learned the new language, the Redemptorists expanded their apostolate to the people who lived in the area of St. Benno's.

paragraph: When Hofbauer saw a homeless boy on the street, he brought him to the rectory, cleaned him up, fed him, and then taught him a trade and instructed him in the Christian way of life. When the number of boys grew too large for the rectory, Hofbauer opened the Child Jesus Refuge for his homeless boys. To keep the boys fed and clothed, he had to beg constantly. He did so unashamedly. Going into a bakery to buy a loaf of bread he came upon a master baker without an assistant. Hofbauer spent the day working at the dough trough and the oven, using all his old baking skills. He got bread for his boys that day and for many days to come.

paragraph: On another occasion, legend has it that he went begging to a local pub. When Hofbauer asked for a donation, one of the patrons scornfully spat beer into Hofbauer's face. Wiping off the beer, he responded, "That was for me. Now what do you have for my boys?" The men in the bar were so astounded by the response that they gave Hofbauer more than 100 silver coins.

paragraph: When the Redemptorists first opened their church they preached to empty benches. The people had many preoccupations that kept them away from God, and they found it hard to put their trust in these foreign priests. It took several years for the Redemptorists to gain the trust of the people, but in time St. Benno's became the thriving center of the Catholic Church in Warsaw.

paragraph: In 1791, four years after their arrival, the Redemptorists enlarged the children's refuge into an academy. A boarding school had been opened for young girls under the direction of some noble Warsaw women. The number of orphan boys continued to grow steadily. Money to finance all this came from some regular benefactors and many other people who were willing to help in different ways, but Hofbauer still had to beg from door to door seeking help for his many orphans.

paragraph: In the church, Hofbauer and the community of five Redemptorist priests and three lay brothers began what they called the Perpetual Mission. Instead of celebrating only a morning Mass in the church on a weekday, they conducted a full-scale mission every day of the year. One could attend St. Benno's every day and be able to hear five sermons both in German and Polish. There were three high Masses, the office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, public visits to the Blessed Sacrament, the Way of the Cross, vespers, prayer services, and litanies. And priests were available for confessions all hours of the day and night.

paragraph: By the year 1800, the growth could be seen both in the work at the church and in the Redemptorist community. Reception of the sacraments jumped from 2,000 (in 1787) to over 100,000. The number of men serving at St. Benno's had grown to 21 Redemptorist priests and seven lay brothers. There were also five novices and four Polish seminarians.

paragraph: All this work was done under less-than-ideal conditions. The three partitions of Poland brought about great bloodshed. Tadeusz Kościuszko, the great Polish freedom fighter, had his moments of glory but the people could not hold off the foreign attackers indefinitely. The battles reached Warsaw during Holy Week of 1794. The Redemptorists, along with all the other residents of that city, found their lives to be in constant danger. Three bombs crashed through the roof of the church but did not explode. Throughout the battles, Hofbauer and his companions preached peace. This only served to increase the cries of protest against the Redemptorists, who were already labeled as traitors. In 1806 a law was passed that forbade local pastors to invite the Redemptorists to preach missions in their parishes. This was followed by an even-more restrictive law that stopped the Redemptorists from preaching and hearing confessions in their own church of St. Benno's.

paragraph: Hofbauer appealed these actions directly to the King of Saxony, Frederick Augustus I of Saxony who ruled Poland (known as the Duchy of Warsaw at that time). While the king knew the good that the Redemptorists were doing, he was powerless to stop those who wanted the Redemptorists out of Poland. The decree of expulsion was signed on 9 June 1808. Eleven days later, the Church of St. Benno's was closed and the 40 Redemptorists serving there were taken off to prison. They lived there for four weeks and then were ordered to return to their own countries.

paragraph: Section::::Mission to Poland.:Vienna.

paragraph: In September 1808, after being exiled from Poland, Hofbauer reached Vienna. He remained there until his death almost 13 years later. In 1809, when the forces of Napoleon attacked Vienna, Hofbauer worked as a hospital chaplain caring for the many wounded soldiers. The archbishop, seeing Hofbauer's zeal, asked him to care for a little Italian church in the city of Vienna. He remained there for four years until he was appointed chaplain to the Ursuline Sisters in July 1813.

paragraph: Attending to the spiritual welfare of the Sisters and the lay people who came to their chapel, Hofbauer gained a reputation as a powerful preacher and gentle confessor.

paragraph: In the early days of the 19th century, Vienna was a major European cultural center. Hofbauer enjoyed spending time with the students and the intellectuals. Students came, singly and in groups, to his quarters to talk, share a meal, or get advice. A good many of them later became Redemptorists. He brought many rich and artistic people into the Church, including Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel and Dorothea von Schlegel (she was the daughter of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn); Friedrich August von Klinkowström, the artist; Joseph von Pilat, the private secretary of Metternich; Zacharias Werner, who was later ordained and became a great preacher; and Frederick von Held, who became a Redemptorist and later spread the Congregation as far as Ireland.

paragraph: Later in Vienna, Hofbauer again found himself under attack, and for a short time was prohibited from preaching. Then he was threatened with expulsion because he had been communicating with his Redemptorist Superior General in Rome. Before the expulsion could become official, Emperor Franz of Austria would have to sign it. At the time, the Emperor was on pilgrimage to Rome, where he visited Pope Pius VII and learned how greatly the work of Hofbauer was appreciated. He also learned that he could reward Hofbauer for his years of dedicated service by allowing him to start a Redemptorist foundation in Austria.

paragraph: So, instead of a writ of expulsion, Hofbauer got an audience with Emperor Franz. A church was selected and refurbished to become the first Redemptorist foundation in Austria. It was to be started without Hofbauer, however. He became ill in early March 1820, and died on March 15th of that year.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Hofbauer was beatified on 29 January 1888 by Pope Leo XIII. He was canonized a saint of the Catholic Church on 20 May 1909 by Pope Pius X. His liturgical feast is celebrated on 15 March.

paragraph: A few months after Hofbauer's canonization, a parish church was established under his patronage at West 44th Street and 10th Avenue in New York City, which served the Polish community of the city. It was closed in the late 1960s. Two years later, in 1911, the was established in Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Remembrance.

paragraph: Hofbauer is one of the figures immortalized in Jan Matejko's 1891 painting, "Constitution of 3 May 1791."

description: Austrian Redemptorist and saint

wikidata_label: Clemens Maria Hofbauer

wikipedia_title: Clement Mary Hofbauer


text:
baptised
Kirishitan
daimyō
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Invasion of Kyushu
Higo Province
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Korea
Seven-Year War
Busan
Seoul
Pyongyang
Naitō Joan
Ming dynasty
Shen Weijing
Ming
Katō Kiyomasa
Suncheon Castle
Ming
Joseon
Korean Christian
Mōri Terumoto
Battle of Sekigahara
Mount Ibuki
Takenaka Shigekado
KBS1
Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin

categories: Toyotomi retainers,People executed by Japan by decapitation,Daimyo,Japanese Roman Catholics,1555 births,Executed Japanese people,People of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598),1600 deaths,16th-century executions by Japan

paragraph: Konishi Yukinaga

paragraph: Konishi Yukinaga (小西 行長, baptised under the personal name "Agostinho" (Portuguese for Augustine); 1555 – November 6, 1600) was a Kirishitan daimyō under Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Konishi Yukinaga was the son of a wealthy Sakai merchant, Konishi Ryūsa. His wife was also baptised under the name of Maria.

paragraph: In 1587, during the Invasion of Kyushu, he quelled the local uprising in Higo Province and was awarded a fief in that province.

paragraph: Section::::Invasion of Korea.

paragraph: Yukinaga led the initial forces under Toyotomi Hideyoshi to invade Korea in the Seven-Year War. He was noted for his role in the capture of Busan and Seoul and the defensive at Pyongyang. Afterwards, his vassal, Naitō Joan acted as the envoy to negotiate peace with Chinese Ming dynasty.

paragraph: In order to achieve peace, he negotiated with the Chinese negotiator Shen Weijing (沈惟敬) to inform Toyotomi Hideyoshi the Chinese surrender and to inform the Ming the Japanese surrender. Later, a Ming envoy came to Japan to award Toyotomi the position of the King of Japan. This enraged Hideyoshi and exposed the truth behind Yukinaga's earlier diplomatic mission and resultant deception. Despite the charge of disloyalty, Yukinaga again led forces alongside Katō Kiyomasa to invade Korea a second time. He defended Suncheon Castle, and repelled Ming (China) and Joseon allied forces.

paragraph: Konishi Yukinaga married a Korean Christian woman. Julia was adopted as her name.

paragraph: Section::::Sekigahara.

paragraph: After Hideyoshi's death, Yukinaga joined Mōri Terumoto's side during the Battle of Sekigahara, but was ultimately defeated. He fled to Mount Ibuki, but was captured by Takenaka Shigekado's forces. Being a Christian, Yukinaga refused to commit suicide and was executed.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Jung Sung-ho in the 2004-2005 KBS1 TV series "Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin".

description: daimyo

wikidata_label: Konishi Yukinaga

wikipedia_title: Konishi Yukinaga


text: railroad conductor

text: hotel manager

text: county commissioner

text: Friendsville, Illinois

text: Mount Carmel, Illinois

text: German Catholic

text: New York Central Railroad

text: alcoholic

text: Grand Rapids Hotel

text: Mt. Carmel

text: Democratic Party

text: treasurer

text: county commissioner

text: county assessor

text: constable

text: sheriff

text: Mount Carmel

text: Illinois

text: Napoleonic Wars

text: Jacob Zimmerman

text: Frederick Hinde Zimmerman

text: O.L. Rapson

text: Frederick Hinde Zimmerman

text: Prohibition

text: blowtorch

text: basement

text: cash register

text: furniture

text: candy machines

text: boy scouts

text: beach

text: United States Congress

text: Moose Lodge

text: Springfield, Illinois

text: Illinois State Tax Commission

text: sheep

text: pack

text: roving dogs

text: World War II

text: Sanitarium

text: Olney, Illinois

text: Tucson, Arizona

text: mobile home

text: trailer park

text: held up

text: gunpoint

text: Princeton, Indiana

text: letter to the editor

text: City of Mount Carmel Website

categories: 1885 births,New York Central Railroad,Illinois Democrats,American restaurateurs,American people of German descent,County commissioners in Illinois,American arsonists,1948 deaths,American hoteliers,People from Wabash County, Illinois

paragraph: Glenn Goodart

paragraph: Ira Glenn Goodart (August 5, 1885 – November 8, 1948) was an American railroad conductor, hotel manager, county commissioner and county treasurer. Goodart was raised in Friendsville, Illinois, a small community outside of Mount Carmel, Illinois, in a German Catholic family. After trying a variety of menial jobs Goodart took a position on the New York Central Railroad as a conductor. He held the position with the New York Central until he lost his right leg during a violent train crash in the early 1920s.

paragraph: After a period of joblessness and a period of time as an alcoholic, Goodart found employment as a hotel manager at the Grand Rapids Hotel and during his tenure he increased the hotel's notability. He stayed five years and much of the time the hotel was in severe debt due to unsuccessful events planned by Goodart and flooding. In 1929, Goodart burned down the hotel under suspicious circumstances. Earlier that year the United States Senate Committee on Commerce had decided to remove the dam at Grand Rapids, which attracted many tourists to the hotel.

paragraph: After the hotel fire, Goodart became a politician and was elected to public offices in Wabash County. Goodart served as an elected official for 19 consecutive years in various positions with the county and city of Mt. Carmel. During his political career Goodart was a member of the Democratic Party and served as county treasurer, county commissioner, county assessor and ran multiple times, but was never elected, for constable and sheriff. Goodart died in November 1948, one year after reelection as county finance commissioner.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Goodart was born in Mount Carmel, Illinois on August 5, 1885. His father had emigrated from Germany during the Napoleonic Wars. Goodart's father married twice and Goodart was one of eight children. Goodart grew up in Friendsville with his family. The Goodart home was located nearby the home of Jacob Zimmerman, who was the father of Frederick Hinde Zimmerman, founder of the Grand Rapids Hotel and father of the children who would later hire Goodart in 1924. On August 5, 1909, Goodart married Vera McClintock, the daughter of William T. and Mildred (Poole) McClintock, in Mount Carmel. Two years later in 1911, Goodart and his wife had their only child, Leland.

paragraph: Glenn held a variety of jobs in Wabash County until 1918 when he got a job working on the New York Central Railroad. Jobs Goodart held before working for the railroad included a clerk at small shops in Mount Carmel, electrician, automobile mechanic, as a worker for the Mt. Carmel Telephone Company and as a truck delivery driver for a furniture company. In his early years, younger brother Allen Goodart, lived with O.L. Rapson, the man Goodart later replaced as manager of the Grand Rapids Hotel at 811 Mulberry Street.

paragraph: In the early 1920s Glenn was the conductor on the New York Central during a particularly violent crash in which he lost his right leg. After Glenn lost his leg he was unable to work as a conductor and subsequently he joined the Retired Railroad Men's Association where he held various leadership positions.

paragraph: Section::::Hotel manager.

paragraph: Sometime after September 1924 Goodart replaced Rapson to become the second manager at the Grand Rapids Hotel. After the death of Frederick Hinde Zimmerman, Mr. Zimmerman's children decided to allow Glenn Goodart to take over management even though he only had one leg. Initially, Goodart's tenure as manager at the hotel was successful. The years 1925 and 1926 saw massive events and social gatherings that attracted people from across the country. In 1925, while Goodart was in charge, "Outdoor Recreation Magazine" described the fishing at Grand Rapids as where the "choicest table fish to be found in the river" are located.

paragraph: Goodart organized two baseball teams at the hotel called the Grand Rapids Steppers and the Mount Carmel Boosters that were successful and played teams in the area. With one leg he served as the manager. He organized multiple clay pigeon shooting contests at the hotel and was often a top finisher.

paragraph: Success was short-lived and in 1927, 1928 and 1929 Goodart undertook increasingly unsuccessful projects and the hotel lost patronage due to summer flooding. The decrease in tourism and the poor business planning increased pressure on Goodart to find alternative sources of income, possibly illegal. Oral accounts mentioned Chicago gangsters frequenting the hotel in later years as well as liquor service in violation of Prohibition.

paragraph: Section::::Hotel fire.

paragraph: On July 29, 1929 Glenn Goodart burned the Grand Rapids Hotel to the ground by dropping a blowtorch in the basement shop. Even though the fire was during the peak tourist season, the hotel had no guests on that day. Newspaper accounts indicate that the fire burned the entire structure to the ground in a short time. Many people at the time speculated as to whether the fire was intentional, but Goodart was never prosecuted.

paragraph: The newspaper stated that only a few items were saved, but all of the money from the hotel and restaurant were destroyed even though the cash register was next to the front door and multiple pieces of furniture were carried through the front door before the fire completed its work. Years later it emerged that one of the candy machines that sat next to the cash register was saved and was located in a private collection. Oral accounts of the day the hotel burned state that a local troop of boy scouts were camping at a small beach on the river nearby. They helped carry items out of the hotel.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Earlier that year the United States Congress had approved a bill to remove Grand Rapids Dam next to the hotel that drew tourists and created favorable fishing conditions.

paragraph: After the hotel fire Goodart was elected to positions in Wabash County, Illinois before his death in 1948. Goodart first became Finance Commissioner for Mt. Carmel, three months after the fire. He served as County Treasurer for a short time. Goodart was active in social organizations in Wabash County and was a founding member of the Wabash County Chapter of the Moose Lodge. Goodart's only son, Leland Goodart, was an abusive alcoholic who had problems finding steady employment after World War II. He divorced multiple times, leading Goodart and his wife Vera to raise two of their grandchildren.

paragraph: Using his powers as county assessor and treasurer, Goodart in 1939 organized a school of instruction for property assessors who had charge of making the annual county assessments in Wabash County. While serving as treasurer, Goodart and other Wabash County commissioners attended a meeting on tax policy in Springfield, Illinois in 1940 hosted by the Illinois State Tax Commission and dealt with state tax policy at the county level. In 1942, Ralph Ewald reported to then treasurer Goodart that six of his sheep had been killed by a pack of roving dogs. During World War II Goodart worked part-time at Meissner's Mount Carmel department store. In 1947, one year before his death, Goodart was reelected as a county commissioner in Wabash County, Illinois.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Goodart died on November 8, 1948 in the Olney Sanitarium in Olney, Illinois at 6:35 in the morning. His obituary did not state the cause of his death, but instead stated, "He had been in the sanitarium for the past few weeks after taking seriously ill and for days his condition had been reported to be growing steadily worse." His obituary made no mention his time at the hotel. Goodart is buried in Rosehill Cemetery located in Mount Carmel, next to his wife Vera.

paragraph: Goodart's wife, Vera, died in 1967 at the age of 76 in Tucson, Arizona. At the time of her death, Vera lived in a broken-down mobile home in a trailer park with son Leland, who was living off military retirement checks. Ten years before Vera died she was held up at gunpoint for $53 by Prentice Ray Wilson, who was from Princeton, Indiana while working at the Uptown Theater in Mount Carmel. By 1989, the Goodart family only had one distant cousin living in Wabash County, Illinois, documented by a letter to the editor written by Maude Trusty Goodart then 82, Leland's second wife.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- City of Mount Carmel Website

description: American businessman

wikidata_label: Glenn Goodart

wikipedia_title: Glenn Goodart


text:
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Ohio
Wyandot Indians
Upper Sandusky, Ohio
Marshall, Illinois
Edmund C. Hinde
Grand Rapids Dam
Mount Carmel, Illinois
James Shields
National Statuary Hall
Thomas S. Hinde
Frederick Hinde Zimmerman
Grand Rapids Hotel
Mount Carmel, Illinois
City of Mount Carmel Website

categories: Journalists from Ohio,Illinois Democrats,Farmers from Illinois,Editors of Illinois newspapers,People from Upper Sandusky, Ohio,Journalists from Pennsylvania,1831 births,American people of German descent,19th-century American newspaper publishers (people),County commissioners in Illinois,19th-century American politicians,Editors of Ohio newspapers,American newspaper publishers (people),American male journalists,1912 deaths,Members of the Illinois House of Representatives,People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania,People from Wabash County, Illinois

paragraph: Jacob Zimmerman

paragraph: Jacob Zimmerman (September 27, 1831 – October 17, 1912) was an Illinois state legislator, newspaper editor, and businessman. Zimmerman was a pioneer in the newspaper business in Illinois and Ohio, and a businessman who invested in mining, land, and banks in the Midwest. Zimmerman held a number of elected political offices in Illinois before his death in 1912.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Zimmerman was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, on September 27, 1831. Zimmerman's father's family emigrated from Germany and his mother's family was of Welsh descent. Zimmerman's parents moved from Pennsylvania to Ohio around 1840.

paragraph: Zimmerman's father, Henry Zimmerman, purchased farmland from the Wyandot Indians where the family lived in Ohio. Zimmerman was educated in the common and select schools of Upper Sandusky, Ohio.

paragraph: Section::::Newspaper business.

paragraph: At 18, Zimmerman took up the printer's trade by working at the "Wyandotte Pioneer" in Upper Sandusky, Ohio. After moving from several different newspaper jobs, Zimmerman eventually ended up in Marshall, Illinois, and bought two different newspapers and consolidated them into one paper. This successful endeavor lead to many other acquisitions of newspapers in the following years.

paragraph: Zimmerman also served as the editor of "The Wabash Democrat". In the diaries of Edmund C. Hinde, Zimmerman was said to have gained a substantial amount of weight after he retired from the newspaper business.

paragraph: Section::::Hinde Farm.

paragraph: From 1860 until 1903, Zimmerman lived near the Grand Rapids Dam on the Hinde family farm in Wabash County Illinois. He moved to a 160 acre farm in Friendsville, Illinois in 1903 after he gave his son Frederick the family farm as a wedding gift.

paragraph: Section::::Election to Illinois House of Representatives.

paragraph: In 1878, Zimmerman was elected to represent his district in the 31st General Assembly of the State of Illinois and was reelected for a second term. Zimmerman was a registered Democrat. While a member of the legislature, he secured the passage of funds for the erection of a court house in Mount Carmel, Illinois. During his second term he secured the appropriation for placing the statue of Gen. James Shields in the National Statuary Hall at Washington, D.C. for which he was publicly thanked.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: Zimmerman also served as county commissioner for Wabash County, Illinois and as the Highway Commissioner for the state of Illinois. After his retirement from political office, Zimmerman was active in the Illinois Farmers' Institute. He frequently gave lectures and held positions of leadership until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Family life.

paragraph: He married his first wife Belinda Hinde on December 25, 1856. She was the daughter of Thomas S. Hinde who had founded Mount Carmel, Illinois and had been prominent in religious and political circles all his life. Both Zimmerman and Hinde had been involved with the newspaper business. Together, Jacob and Belinda had two children. Their youngest son, Frederick Hinde Zimmerman, established the Grand Rapids Hotel in Mount Carmel, Illinois.

paragraph: Zimmerman married his second wife Emma Harris on April 13, 1875.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Jacob Zimmerman

wikipedia_title: Jacob Zimmerman


text:
Vienna
Austrian
Austrian People's Party

categories: Women government ministers of Austria,Austrian women in politics,1987 deaths,1910 births,Government ministers of Austria

paragraph: Grete Rehor

paragraph: Grete Rehor (30 June 1910 – 28 January 1987), born in Vienna, was an Austrian politician belonging to the Austrian People's Party. She was Minister of Social Affairs from 1966 to 1970, and was the first female government minister in Austria.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Anton Burghardt (Hrsg.): Soziale Sicherheit und politische Verantwortung. Festschrift für Grete Rehor Verein für Sozial- und Wirtschaftspolitik, Wien 1975.

description: Austrian politician

wikidata_label: Grete Rehor

wikipedia_title: Grete Rehor


text:
farmhand
hotel manager
Grand Rapids Hotel
Wabash River
Danville, Illinois
Mount Carmel, Illinois
Frederick Hinde Zimmerman
Glenn Goodart
Danville, Illinois
Wabash County, Illinois
Glenn Goodart
Frederick Hinde Zimmerman
Hanging Rock
Grand Rapids Dam
Grand Rapids Hotel
Glenn Goodart
Mount Carmel, Illinois
Texas
gangsters
Chicago Outfit
Prohibition
French Lick, Indiana
Marlin,Texas
Jeffersontown, Kentucky
Falls County, Texas
World War II
Mart, Texas
Waco, Texas
Marlin, Texas
City of Mount Carmel Website

categories: 1952 deaths,American restaurateurs,1883 births,People from Danville, Illinois,American hoteliers,People from Marlin, Texas

paragraph: O. L. Rapson

paragraph: Oscar Luscher Rapson (3 November 1883 – 8 May 1952) was an American farmhand, hotel manager and store owner. Rapson is best known for being the first manager of the Grand Rapids Hotel, which was the first major resort on the Wabash River.

paragraph: Rapson was born in Danville, Illinois, but both of his parents died within a few years of his birth. Rapson and a few of his siblings were raised by their aunt and uncle in Mount Carmel, Illinois. In his early years, Rapson worked in many low-paying jobs until finally finding a job working on Frederick Hinde Zimmerman's farm. Initially, Rapson was a general farmhand, but after a period of time became the first manager of the Grand Rapids Hotel.

paragraph: During his tenure as manager of the hotel, Rapson orchestrated many national events and helped the area surrounding the hotel to experience economic growth and notability during his stewardship through an increase in tourism and business at the hotel. While manager at the hotel, Rapson oversaw the creation of a country club and golf course as well as numerous other outdoor recreation facilities including trap shooting facilities, boat tours, hiking trails, surf boat rides, and many others. Additionally, the hotel's restaurant was opened while Rapson was manager and proved to be very successful in attracting organizations and clubs to the hotel. In 1924, shortly after the unexpected death of Frederick Hinde Zimmerman, Rapson was fired and Glenn Goodart replaced him as manager of the hotel.

paragraph: After the being fired from his position as manager of the hotel, Rapson moved to various small cities in Texas. The first few years after his arrival in Texas, Rapson primarily worked jobs similar to his previous work on the Zimmerman farm in Illinois. Later, after he married and settled in Marlin, Texas, he opened a small general store that sold a variety of items to locals in Marlin, Texas as well as the surrounding area.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Rapson was born in Danville, Illinois on 3 November 1883. Rapson was one of nine children, but his parents died early and spent the majority of his younger years being raised by his aunt and uncle William and Sarah Riker. Sometime before 1910, Rapson moved to Wabash County, Illinois and began building his career. According to the 1910 US census, Rapson is listed as living with Allen Goodart, who was the brother of Glenn Goodart, the man who would eventually replace Rapson as manager of the Grand Rapids Hotel later in his life. Both Rapson and Allen Goodart were working together as drivers at the Frank J. Cowling Company while living together. After various short-term jobs, Rapson was hired by Frederick Hinde Zimmerman to work on the Hinde family farm in Wabash County near the Hanging Rock and the Grand Rapids Dam. The 1910 federal census shows O.L. Rapson living in a small house next to Frederick Hinde Zimmerman near the Grand Rapids Dam.

paragraph: Section::::Manager at the Grand Rapids Hotel.

paragraph: Zimmerman selected Rapson to be the first manager of the Grand Rapids Hotel. Mr. Rapson was regarded as an excellent manager by his guests, and the hotel and was able to immediately attract people from across the country to visit. One source states that, "[The Grand Rapids Hotel] is the most beautiful, interesting and inviting resort[s] in the entire Wabash Valley, and is visited by more people than any other point of attraction on the Wabash River." The restaurant at the Grand Rapids Hotel was under the supervision of Rapson, and he frequently cooked special chicken dinners for hotel guests. Rapson was responsible for bringing in numerous local and national organizations to the Grand Rapids Hotel. One newspaper article stated, "It is an ideal spot, and the hotel is large, commodious place, with Landlord Rapson serving a fine meal." However, in 1924 Frederick Hinde Zimmerman died unexpectedly and Rapson was fired from his management position. Rapson's friend, Glenn Goodart, was subsequently hired by Zimmerman's children to take his place. Not long after his replacement, Rapson left Mount Carmel, Illinois and eventually settled in Texas.

paragraph: It is also speculated that Rapson was responsible for bringing gangsters associated with the Chicago Outfit to frequent the Grand Rapids Hotel during his tenure as manager. In fact, many sources claim to have witnessed gangsters and alcohol being served in violation of Prohibition during Rapson's time as general manager of the hotel.

paragraph: Rapson opened the first country club at the Grand Rapids Hotel and the Grand Rapids Dam. The course was a public five-hole course and was located in the field opposite to the dam and behind the Grand Rapids Hotel. The country club founded by Rapson was an instant success, and remained in business until the Grand Rapids Hotel was burned by Glenn Goodart. According to another source, Rapson was also responsible for starting many other successful endeavors at the Grand Rapids Hotel. Specifically, "The hotel also had a trap shoot, baseball diamond, and unlimited camping capacity. It was a touch of elegance ala, French Lick, Indiana."

paragraph: Section::::After hotel management.

paragraph: After being fired from his management position at the Grand Rapids Hotel, Rapson moved to Texas. Immediately after arriving in the state, Rapson found work farming and raising poultry, which was very similar to his previous experiences working on the Zimmerman farm in Illinois. After moving to Marlin,Texas, Rapson was the victim of repeated vandalism. In one case, vandals broke into his garage and stole the casing from wheels off a motor truck he owned. On 7 March 1931, Rapson's older brother, Clarence G. Rapson, died from head injuries from a motorcycle accident while on duty as a police officer in Jeffersontown, Kentucky, in circumstances that were never fully explained due to lack of witnesses and evidence.

paragraph: Not long after moving to Marlin, Rapson married his first wife, Mrs. Willie Helen (Williams) Magee Rapson, who was thirteen years his elder. Even though their marriage year is not known, they were married and living together in Falls County, Texas by 1930 according to the U.S. Census that year. Rapson was only six years older than his wife's only son, Charles Ross Magee. Rapson's wife died on 24 August 1933 and is buried in Calvary Cemetery in Marlin, Texas. In 1935, less than two years after his first wife died, Rapson married his second wife, Ida Christian Feller, who was also a widow who had been living outside of Marlin, Texas in the small unincorporated village of Otto. After their marriage and sometime near the beginning of 1936, the couple moved to Marlin and operated a small store located on the outskirts of town. On his 1942 World War II draft card for men born between 1877-1897, Rapson stated his occupation was as a service station owner and a grocer. In 1950, after nearly fourteen years of business, Rapson and his wife sold their business to distant relatives of his wife and the couple moved to Mart, Texas and lived in a ramshakle house. The couple eventually moved back to Marlin, Texas less than two years later in January 1952.

paragraph: In May 1952, Rapson and his wife were visiting family who lived in Waco, Texas when Rapson suffered a massive heart attack and died. There are no known surviving pictures of Rapson. Rapson is buried alongside his first wife in Calvary Cemetery in Marlin, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: businessperson

wikidata_label: O.L. Rapson

wikipedia_title: O. L. Rapson


text:
Alabama Shakes
Athens, Alabama
retinoblastoma
East Limestone High School
Alabama Shakes
United States Postal Service
Alabama Shakes
Boys & Girls
Grammy Award
Sound & Color
"Billboard" 200
Saturday Night Live
The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon
The Late Show with Stephen Colbert
Mavis Staples
Stephen Colbert
Ben Folds
Lollapalooza
Get Back
Paul McCartney
Jaime
Jaime
Boys & Girls
Sound & Color
John Legend

categories: African-American rock musicians,American female rock singers,Singers from Alabama,1988 births,American rock guitarists,People from Athens, Alabama,Grammy Award winners,American female guitarists,Guitarists from Alabama,21st-century American singers,21st-century American women singers,Living people,African-American rock singers

paragraph: Brittany Howard

paragraph: Brittany Howard (born October 2, 1988) is an American musician, best known as lead vocalist and guitarist of American rock bands Alabama Shakes and Thunderbitch.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Howard was born in Athens, Alabama to a white mother and an African American father. The family house was in a junk yard, and once burned down due to a lightning strike. She learned to write poetry and play the piano from her older sister Jamie, who died from retinoblastoma in 1998; Howard got the same affliction but survived with partial blindness in one eye. Her father left the family soon after.

paragraph: She began playing the guitar at age 13, and later attended East Limestone High School, where she met future Alabama Shakes bassist Zac Cockrell. She worked for the United States Postal Service until becoming a full-time musician as lead singer of Alabama Shakes.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Brittany Howard is best known as the lead singer and guitarist for the American rock band Alabama Shakes. The band formed under the name "The Shakes" when Howard and bassist Zac Cockrell began playing covers and original songs together with drummer Steve Johnson. Guitarist Heath Fogg later rounded out the lineup, and the band began playing shows at bars in Alabama and recording their debut album, "Boys & Girls". They went on to sign a record deal with ATO Records, and released "Boys & Girls" in 2012 which received critical acclaim and multiple Grammy Award nominations.

paragraph: In April 2015, Alabama Shakes released their second album, "Sound & Color". It debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200, and received favorable reviews from the music press. The band went on to perform on multiple late night shows, including "Saturday Night Live", "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon", and "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert". Howard was featured in the musical medley alongside Mavis Staples, Stephen Colbert, Ben Folds, and more in the series premiere of "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert". At Lollapalooza in 2015, Howard was invited on stage to perform a duet of "Get Back" with Paul McCartney. Howard also performed at the ceremony for Eddie Murphy's Mark Twain Prize. In 2015, Howard was named the recipient of Billboard's Women in Music "Powerhouse" Award.

paragraph: Howard is also the lead singer of the rock band Thunderbitch, formed in Nashville in 2012 with members of Clear Plastic Masks and ATO Records labelmates Fly Golden Eagle. The band surprise-released a self-titled album in September 2015. Although the band rarely makes live appearances, they did play a rare set at ATO Records' CMJ Music Marathon showcase in October 2015.

paragraph: Brittany Howard is also a singer in the band Bermuda Triangle with Jesse Lafser and Becca Mancari, which was formed in Nashville in 2017. Their debut live performance was on July 12, 2017 at the Basement East in Nashville. The trio released their first single on September 6, 2017, titled "Rosey", which was first released on Jesse Lafser's 2015 album "Raised On The Plains". Although originally believed to be a one time performance, the trio performed a five show tour through the Southern states of America in October 2017. This small tour included shows in Carrboro, NC, Asheville, NC, Birmingham AL, Atlanta GA, and Knoxville, TN.

paragraph: In June 2019, Brittany Howard announced a debut solo album, "Jaime" to be released on September 20, 2019, as well as a tour across North America and Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jaime" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Alabama Shakes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boys & Girls" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sound & Color" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Thunderbitch.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thunderbitch" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Featured appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Darkness and Light" (2016, John Legend)

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Brittany Howard

wikipedia_title: Brittany Howard


text:
Mühlhausen
Parma
House of Hohenzollern
general
Christian Henry of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Sophie Christiane
George Frederick Charles
Bielefeld
University of Utrecht
Grand Tour
Lieutenant General
Claude Florimond de Mercy
Parma
Bayreuth

wikipedia_title: Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach

wikipedia_title: George Frederick Charles, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

categories: 1734 deaths,Margraves of Brandenburg,Generals of the Holy Roman Empire,House of Hohenzollern,1689 births

paragraph: Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

paragraph: Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (8 December 1689 in Sulzbürg, now part of Mühlhausen – 29 June 1734 in Parma) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth from the Kulmbach-Bayreuth side line of Franconian branch of the House of Hohenzollern. He served as a general in the imperial army.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Wolfgang Albrecht was the second son of Margrave Christian Henry of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1661-1708) from his marriage to Sophie Christiane (1667-1737), the daughter of Count Albert Frederik of Wolfstein at Sulzbürg. He and his older brother George Frederick Charles grew up in Bielefeld. They studied at the University of Utrecht together. After his Grand Tour, which took him to France, England and Italy, he entered the Imperial service.

paragraph: During his military career he attained the rank of Lieutenant General. He and field marshal Claude Florimond de Mercy were killed during an attack on Crocetta castle in Parma. He was initially buried in Bayreuth; in 1742, his body was transferred to Himmelskron Abbey, where his sister, Queen Sophia Magdalene of Denmark erected a monument to commemorate him.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julius Freiherr von Minutoli: "Friedrich I., Kurfürst von Brandenburg und Memorabilia aus dem Leben der Markgrafen von Brandenburg aus den Quellen des Plassenburger Archivs", A. Duncker, 1850, p. 94

description: Titular margrave of Brandenburg, and imperial general

wikidata_label: Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

wikipedia_title: Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth


text: draftsman

text: printmaker

text: poster artist

text: illustrator

text: drawing

text: etching

text: woodcut

text: lithographs

text: wood engraving

text: Alfred Mahlau

text: lithography

text: Guido Dessauer

text: Basel

text: Edwin Scharff Prize

text: Venice Biennale

text: documenta VI

text: Kassel

text: Oldenburg

text: printmaking

text: Hamburg

text: Haselünne

text: Emsland

text: Alfred Mahlau

text: woodcut

text: Edvard Munch

text: Friedrich von Keller

text: lithographs

text: Oskar Kokoschka

text: André Thomkins

text: woodcut

text: etching

text: Paul Wunderlich

text: Jean Dubuffet

text: Darmstadt

text: Goya

text: Ensor

text: Klinger

text: Munch

text: Redon

text: Kubin

text: Klee

text: Ensor

text: kipper

text: Edwin Scharff Prize

text: Blankenese

text: Venice Biennale

text: Svanshall

text: Skåne County

text: Mannheim

text: documenta VI

text: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Albertina

text: Oldenburg

text: Rembrandt House Museum

text: Leopold Museum

text: Egon Schiele

text: Goya

text: Joachim Fest

text: kestnergesellschaft

text: Horst Janssen Museum

text: Joachim Fest

text: Berliner Zeitung

wikipedia_title: National Political Institutes of Education

categories: 1995 deaths,German printmakers,1929 births,German draughtsmen,People from Hamburg,German poster artists,Studienstiftung alumni

paragraph: Horst Janssen

paragraph: Horst Janssen (14 November 192931 August 1995) was a German draftsman, printmaker, poster artist and illustrator. He had a prolific output of drawings, etchings, woodcuts, lithographs and wood engravings.

paragraph: Janssen was a student of Alfred Mahlau at the . He first published in the newsweekly "" in 1947. In the early 1950s, he started working in lithography, on an initiative of paper manufacturer Guido Dessauer, using the technical facilities of a coloured paper factory. The first retrospective of Janssen's drawings and graphic works was shown in 1965, first in the Hanover, then in other German cities and in Basel. In 1966, he was awarded Hamburg's Edwin Scharff Prize. International exhibitions followed. In 1968, he received the Grand Prize in graphic art at the Venice Biennale; in 1977, his works were shown at the documenta VI in Kassel.

paragraph: The Horst Janssen Museum in his hometown of Oldenburg is dedicated to his legacy. His work is shown internationally in major museums.

paragraph: His life was marked by numerous marriages, outspoken opinions, alcoholism, and selfless dedication to the art of printmaking.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Janssen was born in Hamburg. His mother, Martha Janssen, was a dressmaker from Oldenburg; he never knew his father. Janssen was brought up by his mother and grandparents at Lerchenstraße 14, Oldenburg. He was adopted by his grandfather, and following his death, he was adopted by the Guardianship Court in 1939.

paragraph: In 1942, he became a student at the National Political Institute of Education ( or "napola") in Haselünne, Emsland, where an art teacher, Hans Wienhausen, encouraged his artistic talent. His mother died in 1943. In 1944, he was adopted by his mother's younger sister, Anna Janssen, and he moved to Hamburg, where she lived. He lived with his Aunt Anna on for the remainder of the war and the postwar period. They later moved to (Harvestehude). In 1946, at the age of sixteen, Janssen enrolled at the (regional art school) in Hamburg, where he studied with Alfred Mahlau, proving to be an outstanding pupil from the outset.

paragraph: Section::::First publications.

paragraph: Janssen's first publication was a drawing in the weekly newspaper ' in 1947. The following year he published his first book, the children's book ' (Are you all there?), with Rolf Italiaander. In 1950 his first child, son Clemens, was born and he wrote and illustrated his second book, "" (The race between the hare and the hedgehog on the Buxtehude Heath), for the birthday of a little girl named Friederike Gutsche. It was published in a facsimile edition in 1973.

paragraph: Janssen produced his first woodcuts, influenced by Edvard Munch. Dominant themes were animals along with man and woman. In 1952, he received a Lichtwark scholarship in Hamburg. Around the same time, he was forced to leave the . The following year, he was arrested after a drunken brawl and tried for murder. He was found innocent of the charge, but received a suspended sentence for drunkenness.

paragraph: Section::::Lithography.

paragraph: In the early 1950s, he received a commission from the paper manufacturer Guido Dessauer for a portrait of his father-in-law, the diplomat Friedrich von Keller, followed by other portraits of family members. Janssen was able to create his first lithographs using the technical equipment of the Aschaffenburger Buntpapierfabrik. His early lithographs were shown in 2000 by the Hamburger Kunsthalle. They included "" (Tree Mound; 1957); his first self-portraits, such as "Selbst-innig" (Intimate with Self; 1966) and poster designs, influenced by Ben Shan, for his own exhibitions. Another self-portrait, "" (Self, singing), shows the artist with wide open mouth, as if expressing "" (profound despair about the world and God), according to a reviewer. He changed a lithograph by Oskar Kokoschka, picturing himself upright, the other of two figures kneeling, titled "" (Oskar loves me like that - Yes!). The exhibition also showed a piece,on which Janssen and his colleague André Thomkins had pictured each other, together with Thomkins' aphorism "" (To not know all means forgive all).

paragraph: In 1955, he married Marie Knauer and in 1956, had a second child, a daughter, Katrin (nicknamed Lamme). During this period, he worked on a series of large-scale color woodcuts that were displayed in his apartment in 1957. Janssen gained recognition and had an exhibition in Hanover in the Hans Brockstedt Gallery in 1957. After this successful show, he suddenly switched to etching, becoming a pupil of Paul Wunderlich, whom he later considered a rival. His marriage to Marie ended in divorce in 1959. His art was now influenced by art brut and Jean Dubuffet. A new marriage, to Birgit Sandner, was followed by a separation a few weeks later. The following year, 1960, he married Verena von Bethmann Hollweg who, in 1961, gave birth to his third child, a son named Philip.

paragraph: Section::::Art Prize.

paragraph: In 1964, Horst Janssen was awarded the Darmstadt Art Prize. In 1965, a retrospective of his drawings and graphic works appeared in the in Hanover. Wieland Schmied, the director of the praised him as "" ("the greatest draftsman besides Picasso. But Picasso is a different generation"). His works were seen in the tradition of Goya, Ensor, Klinger, Munch, Redon and Kubin. Titles included "" (Death Dance), "Idiot", "High Society", "" (Sloshed), a self-portrait, "" (Twist dancing hookers), "" (Klee and Ensor, arguing over a kipper, "" carrying the double meaning, both a smoked herring and a bowing) and "". The collection, the first major public display of his work, was also shown in Hamburg, Darmstadt, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Stuttgart, Munich and Basel.

paragraph: His position as a respected artist was bolstered by winning Hamburg's Edwin Scharff Prize in 1966. The following year, two of the most important people of his youth died, his Aunt Anna and his teacher Alfred Mahlau. Janssen moved to Mühlenberger Weg in Blankenese. The following year, he was divorced from his third wife. His art now dealt with the losses of these years. He won first prize for graphic art at the 1968 Venice Biennale. He began a love affair with Gesche Tietjens. A trip with her to Svanshall, Skåne County, in southern Sweden led to many beautiful drawings of the coastlines. His concentration on landscapes was supported by his return to etching. In 1972, he separated from Tietjen, then pregnant with his child, Adam. In 1973, he had a love affair with Bettina Sartorius. In 1975, he won another prize, the Schiller Prize of the city of Mannheim, where his large drawing retrospective was organized in 1976. In 1977, his work was shown at the documenta VI in Kassel, in 1980 at the Art Institute of Chicago, in 1982 at Vienna's Albertina.

paragraph: The city of Oldenburg made him an honorary citizen in 1992.

paragraph: Horst Janssen died in Hamburg on 31 August 1995 and was buried in Oldenburg in Gertruden Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: During Janssen's lifetime, his work was shown internationally, for example, in Basel (1966), London (1970), Zürich, Oslo, Göteborg (all in 1971), New York (1974), Turin (1975), Cambridge, Barcelona, Lugano (all 1976), Chicago (1980), travelling exhibition in Japan (1982), travelling exhibition in the U.S. (1983–1985) and Nowosibirsk (1985). More recently, his work has been shown at major museums, such as the Rembrandt House Museum in Amsterdam (2008). An exhibition at the Leopold Museum in Vienna in 2004, "Egon Schiele / Horst Janssen", explored his work in relation to the art of Egon Schiele.

paragraph: In 2000, the Horst Janssen Museum, an art museum, was opened in Oldenburg. Special exhibitions there have explored his work in relation to other artists, such as Goya. He is represented in the (Collection of contemporary art of the Federal Republic of Germany) in Bonn.

paragraph: A biography, ' (1984), was written by Stefan Blessin, who in 1992, added ' ("Horst Janssen – From Darkness into Light"). In 2001, Janssen's friend Joachim Fest published ' ("Horst Janssen. Self-Portrait in a Foreign Hand") and in 2006, ' ("The Horrible Pleasure of the Eye. Memories of Horst Janssen"). Janssen's own memoirs were published in 2006 by Gesche Tietjens, titled "" ("Summary of Summaries, a Book of Life Reader").

paragraph: Section::::Catalogues.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wieland Schmied, Carl Vogel: "Horst Janssen" (with a catalogue of graphic art to 1965 by Carl Vogel), kestnergesellschaft 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 1995, ,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 1995, ,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drawings and etchings", Claude Bernard Gallery, New York, St. Gertrude, Hamburg, 1991,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 1999, ,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 1999, Janssen Kabinett ,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uwe Schneede: ", St. Gertrude, Hamburg, 1995,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 1997, ,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 1998, ,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 2000, Horst Janssen Museum,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 2001, Horst Janssen Museum,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 2002, Horst Janssen Museum,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", 2003, ,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", 2003 Horst Janssen Museum,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Egon Schiele – Horst Janssen", 2004, Horst Janssen Museum,

paragraph: BULLET::::- " , 2005, Horst Janssen Museum,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", "", 2008, Horst Janssen Museum,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ", Horst Janssen Sammlung Meyer-Schomann, 2008, Horst Janssen Museum,

paragraph: BULLET::::- ". , 2011, ISSN 2192-8401

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horst Janssen art directory

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horst Janssen Ketterer Kunst

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joachim Fest: Ein Mensch, wie ihn keine Fantasie erdenken konnte "Berliner Zeitung" 14 April 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horst Janssen Museum Oldenburg / The many facets of a multitalented artist Horst Janssen Museum Oldenburg

alias:
H. Janssen
Yang-sen
Horusuto Yansen

description: German printmaker and draftsman

wikidata_label: Horst Janssen

wikipedia_title: Horst Janssen


text: Edward II

text: Westmorland

text: sheriff of Cumberland

text: Scottish Wars

text: siege

text: Carlisle Castle

text: Robert the Bruce

text: Thomas of Lancaster

text: Battle of Boroughbridge

text: Earl of Carlisle

text: Battle of Old Byland

text: arraigned

text: hanged, drawn and quartered

text: Lanercost Chronicle

text: Hartley

text: Westmorland

text: Yorkshire

text: Henry Harclay

text: Chancellor

text: University of Oxford

text: retainer

text: Clifford family

text: sheriff of Cumberland

text: eyre

text: Scottish Wars

text: Robert de Clifford

text: Marches

text: Scotland

text: Knight of the Shire

text: Carlisle Castle

text: siege

text: Robert the Bruce

text: marks

text: Cockermouth

text: Warden of the West Marches

text: parliament

text: Battle of Boroughbridge

text: Edward II

text: Thomas of Lancaster

text: Cumberland

text: Westmorland

text: Ripon

text: Boroughbridge

text: River Ure

text: knight

text: men-at-arms

text: Lanercost Chronicle

text: schiltron

text: infantry

text: cavalry

text: retainer

text: Earl of Hereford

text: magnate

text: Earl of Carlisle

text: marks

text: Warden of the Marches

text: Robert the Bruce

text: Battle of Old Byland

text: John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond

text: Battle of Bannockburn

text: Lochmaben

text: Maurice Keen

text: lèse majesté

text: Anthony Lucy

text: honour

text: Papcastle

text: arraigned

text: spur

text: hanged, drawn and quartered

text: Knaresborough

text: London Bridge

text: Carlisle

text: Newcastle

text: Dover

text: Edward III

text: Robert the Bruce

text: Nigel Tranter

categories: People executed under the Plantagenets by hanging, drawing and quartering,1270s births,People executed under the Plantagenets for treason against England,Year of birth uncertain,1323 deaths,Executed English people,14th-century English MPs,High Sheriffs of Cumberland,Earls of Carlisle,People of the Wars of Scottish Independence

paragraph: Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle

paragraph: Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle (ca. 1270 – 3 March 1323), alternatively Andreas de Harcla, was an important English military leader in the borderlands with Scotland during the reign of Edward II. Coming from a knightly family in Westmorland, he was appointed sheriff of Cumberland in 1311. He distinguished himself in the Scottish Wars, and in 1315 repulsed a siege on Carlisle Castle by Robert the Bruce. Shortly after this, he was taken captive by the Scots, and only released after a substantial ransom had been paid. His greatest achievement came in 1322, when he defeated the rebellious baron Thomas of Lancaster at the Battle of Boroughbridge on 16–17 March. For this he was created Earl of Carlisle.

paragraph: As one of the main military leaders on the border to Scotland, Harclay became frustrated with Edward II's inactivity, particularly the humiliating English defeat at the Battle of Old Byland on 14 October 1322, which made it clear that the war could not be won. Harclay initiated negotiations with the Scots on his own accord, and on 3 January 1323, he signed a peace treaty with Robert the Bruce. The act was without royal sanction, and amounted to treason. The king issued an arrest order for the earl, and on 25 February Harclay was taken into the king's custody. He was arraigned before royal justices on 3 March, denied a hearing, and executed the same day. He was hanged, drawn and quartered, and the various parts of his body displayed in different parts of the country. His alleged treason, capture and execution is described in the Lanercost Chronicle. Only after five years was he allowed a proper burial, but the conviction for treason was never annulled.

paragraph: Section::::Family-background and early career.

paragraph: The family name of Harclay derives from Hartley in Westmorland. Though relatively little is known about his early years, Andrew Harclay was probably the eldest son of Sir Michael Harclay and Joan, daughter of the Yorkshire landowner William Fitzjohn. His younger brother was the theologian Henry Harclay, a Chancellor of the University of Oxford. Michael Harclay was a retainer of the Clifford family, and served as sheriff of Cumberland from 1285 to 1296. The first documented appearance of Andrew Harclay was at a Westmorland eyre in 1292, at which point it must be assumed that he was at least twenty-one years old, and therefore born in the early 1270s.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: His military career can be traced back as far as 1304 when he took part in a campaign in the Scottish Wars. In 1309, he received a royal order to assist Robert de Clifford in the defence of the Marches against Scotland. His standing in local affairs was further advanced in 1311, when he was appointed sheriff of Cumberland, like his father had been before him. This was followed by his election as Knight of the Shire in 1312, and in December 1313, he distinguished himself as the leader of the defence against a Scottish invasion. He received further acclaim in the summer of 1315, when he successfully defended Carlisle Castle against a siege by Robert the Bruce. For this he was awarded a gift of 1000 marks from the king.

paragraph: Late in 1315 or in 1316, Harclay was taken captive by the Scots, who demanded 2000 marks in ransom. His meteoric rise over the previous years had made him some enemies in local society, who now took the opportunity to spread slanderous rumours about him at court. The king nevertheless helped raise the necessary money to secure Harclay's freedom, but for the next few years he seems to have been out of royal favour. It was not until 1319 that he once more was appointed sheriff, and at the same time made keeper of Carlisle and Cockermouth castles, and Warden of the West Marches. In 1321 he also received a personal summons to parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Boroughbridge.

paragraph: Harclay's most prominent achievement came with the Battle of Boroughbridge in 1322. The battle was the culmination of an ongoing struggle between King Edward II and his most powerful earl, Thomas of Lancaster. The conflict stemmed from disagreement over the handling of the war with Scotland; Lancaster, and many others, found the king's war effort lacking. After failing to incite an insurrection against the king, Lancaster was in March 1322 fleeing northwards from the royal army. Meanwhile, Harclay, as sheriff of Cumberland, was ordered by the king to levy the forces of the northern counties of Cumberland and Westmorland, and move south. His orders were to meet up with the royal army, but while stopping at the town of Ripon in Yorkshire, he received intelligence that Lancaster would arrive at nearby Boroughbridge the next day. Harclay decided to take the initiative, and occupy the bridge that would prevent Lancaster's passage across the River Ure.

paragraph: Lancaster's army arrived at Boroughbridge on 16 March. The rebels were greatly outnumbered; while Harclay commanded around 4000 men, Lancaster only had some 700 knights and men-at-arms, with followers, in his service. In addition to this, the loyalist forces were highly trained and experienced from the Scottish Wars. Harclay used tactics the English had learned from the Scots in these wars. The Lanercost Chronicle describes how Harclay employed the Scottish "schiltron" – a compact formation of infantrymen with pikes or spears, highly effective against Lancaster's cavalry-heavy forces. According to "The Brut", Lancaster tried to persuade Harclay to join his side, in return for great rewards in land. Harclay had previously been a supporter of Lancaster, possibly also the earl's retainer; in 1318, a general royal pardon for Lancaster and his adherents contained Harclay's name. On this occasion, however, Harlay decided to remain loyal to the king, and turned down the earl's offer.

paragraph: The engagement was short and one-sided. Lancaster's plan was to charge across a ford in the river, while the Earl of Hereford – one of the few magnates who had remained loyal to Lancaster – crossed the bridge. Hereford was killed on the bridge, his companion Roger de Clifford, 2nd Baron de Clifford was badly wounded, and this advance failed. Lancaster, meanwhile, came under such heavy archery fire that he had to call off his attack. Defections during the night, combined with royal reinforcements, forced him to surrender the next day, and on 22 March he was executed. The king was greatly pleased with Harclay's effort, and rewarded him lavishly. On 25 March, Harclay was created Earl of Carlisle, and given land worth 1000 marks a year. On 15 September, he was also made chief Warden of the Marches.

paragraph: Section::::Treason.

paragraph: On 14 October 1322, the English army was routed by the Scots, under the command of Robert the Bruce, at the Battle of Old Byland in Yorkshire. The English commander, John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was taken prisoner, while the king himself barely escaped capture. It was the worst defeat the English had suffered in the wars since the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. Harclay had received a summons to join the royal army, but had not been able to bring his troops south in time to come to the king's rescue. The event convinced him that the war against Scotland could not be won under the leadership of the present king. Instead he entered into direct negotiations with the Scots, without the king's sanction. On 3 January 1323, he signed a peace treaty with Robert the Bruce at Lochmaben.

paragraph: The treaty recognised Scotland as an independent kingdom. It stipulated that Robert was to pay 40,000 marks to the English, and that Edward should be allowed to choose a wife from his own family for Robert's heir. Implied in the text, however, was an alliance between Robert and Harclay to use force against Edward, if necessary, to implement the terms of the treaty. It seems unlikely that Harclay expected royal clemency for his actions. More likely he contemplated a defection to the side of Robert the Bruce; rumour had it he even planned marrying one of Bruce's daughters. It is nevertheless likely that his action grew out of genuine concern with the northern situation, and was a desperate attempt to make the best out of a difficult situation.

paragraph: Though historians have generally shown understanding for Harclay's actions, it is nevertheless common to refer to the event as "Harclay's treason". In the words of Maurice Keen: "To make a truce, or to indeed to give safe-conducts or make any agreement with the king's enemies without proper grant of powers, again constituted lèse majesté and can be found defined as such in other military cases". Harclay had received such powers in February 1322, but he was considered to have overstepped his prerogative by the 1323 treaty. It is also possible that Edward held a grudge against Harclay for the latter's failure to come to the rescue at Byland, and that this was behind the king's later, severe reaction. There is, however, no evidence that Harclay received the royal letter in time to arrive at the battlefield any earlier than he did.

paragraph: Section::::Death and aftermath.

paragraph: When Edward found out about Harclay's treason, he issued an order for the earl's arrest. As Harclay attempted to garner support for his cause, the king began to fortify the northern castles. The stalemate lasted until 25 February, when Sir Anthony Lucy arrested the earl at Carlisle Castle. Lucy, who acted with only a small force, was clearly trusted by Harclay, so the arrest must have been conducted as a surprise manoeuvre. The enmity between Lucy and Harclay could stem from a dispute over the honour of Papcastle. In 1322, Harclay had also briefly disseised Lucy of his lands after the 1322 rebellion, even though Lucy had taken no part in that event.

paragraph: On 3 March, Harclay was arraigned before a royal justice in Carlisle, but was denied a proper hearing. He was brought forward apparelled in his robes of estate as a knight and earl. His spurs of knighthood were hewed off, and his sword was broken over his head. He was stripped of his robes, and proclaimed to be no knight, but a knave. He was then convicted as a traitor, and condemned to be hanged, drawn and quartered. He behaved with dignity at his execution, where he maintained that he had acted as he did out of concern for the best interest of the country. After his death, his head was taken to the king at Knaresborough in Yorkshire, before it was hung up on London Bridge. The four parts of his body were dispersed around the country, and displayed in Carlisle, Newcastle, Bristol, and Dover.

paragraph: Harclay's head was on display in London for five years before it was taken down. His sister petitioned the king to return the various parts of the body for a Christian burial, and in 1328 her request was granted. Further clemencies were not awarded. In the reign of Edward III, Harclay's nephew Henry petitioned to have the charge of treason annulled, but the petition was ignored. As for the peace treaty, the wisdom of Harclay's policy was vindicated after his death. Edward II's inability to win the war against the Scots, combined with his refusal to give up his claim on the Scottish crown, proved untenable in the end. Furthermore, it was Harclay's military skills and well-organised forces that gave what little protection the northern borders had over the previous years. Less than three months after Harclay's execution, Edward agreed on a thirteen-year truce with Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Harclay in fiction.

paragraph: Harclay's unauthorised negotiations with Robert the Bruce are dealt with in some significant detail in "The Price of the King's Peace", the third volume of Nigel Tranter's Bruce trilogy, where he is called "Andrew Harcla".

paragraph: Section::::External sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Battle of Boroughbridge at The Battlefields Trust.

description: English military commander

wikidata_label: Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle

wikipedia_title: Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle


text: American

text: professional wrestler

text: Universal Wrestling Federation

text: American Wrestling Association

text: World Wrestling Entertainment

text: Chavo Guerrero Jr.

text: Salvador "Gory" Guerrero

text: Guerrero wrestling family

text: WWE Cruiserweight Champion

text: NWA Western States

text: NWA Hollywood Wrestling

text: Big Time Wrestling

text: Roddy Piper

text: NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship

text: All Japan Pro Wrestling

text: Mid South Wrestling

text: CWF

text: Houston Wrestling

text: feuded

text: Atsushi Onita

text: All Japan Pro Wrestling

text: Gino Hernandez

text: Mid South Wrestling

text: Hector Guerrero

text: Championship Wrestling from Florida

text: The U.S. Express

text: NWA United States Tag Team Titles

text: Brickhouse Brown

text: Mid South Wrestling

text: The Rock 'n' Roll Express

text: Ted Dibiase

text: "Dr. Death" Steve Williams

text: UWF Tag Team Championship

text: The Fabulous Ones

text: AWA

text: AWA World Tag Team Championship

text: Diamond Dallas Page

text: Badd Company

text: Paul Diamond

text: Pat Tanaka

text: Mando

text: Eddie

text: EMLL

text: World Wrestling Entertainment

text: Chavo Jr.

text: Eddie

text: WWE Cruiserweight Champion

text: Spike Dudley

text: John Cena

text: Jacqueline

text: Funaki

text: Rey Mysterio

text: no-showing

text: house shows

text: Alberto Del Rio

text: Lucha Underground

text: Rey Mysterio

text: Chavo Guerrero Jr.

text: Dario Cueto

text: Mando

text: Hector

text: Eddie Guerrero

text: El Paso, Texas

text: Chavo Jr.

text: Vickie Guerrero

text: class action

text: Vanessa Lynne Bryant

text: liver cancer

text: Henry Winkler

text: The One and Only

text: The Mountain Goats

text: GLOW

text: All Japan Pro Wrestling

text: 1 time

text: National Wrestling Alliance

text: NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship

text: 2 times

text: Championship Wrestling from Florida

text: 1 time

text: Hector Guerrero

text: Empire Wrestling Federation

text: EWF Heavyweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: NWA Hollywood Wrestling

text: NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship

text: 15 times

text: NWA Americas Tag Team Championship

text: 11 times

text: Raul Mata

text: John Tolos

text: Gory Guerrero

text: Butcher Vachon

text: The Canadian

text: Hector Guerrero

text: Al Madril

text: NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship

text: 2 times

text: New Japan Pro Wrestling

text: 2 times

text: Pro Wrestling Illustrated

text: PWI Years

text: 1 time

text: SCW World Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Manny Fernandez

text: TASW Texas Tag Team Championship

text: 2 times

text: Chavo Guerrero Jr.

text: The Godfather

text: World Wrestling Association

text: WWA Trios Championship

text: 1 time

text: Mando

text: Eddy Guerrero

text: World Wrestling Entertainment

text: 1 time

text: Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards

text: Best Wrestling Maneuver

text: Profile

categories: Deaths from liver cancer,1949 births,American male professional wrestlers,Professional wrestlers from Texas,Professional wrestling managers and valets,2017 deaths,Los Guerreros,American professional wrestlers of Mexican descent,People from El Paso, Texas,Professional wrestling trainers

paragraph: Chavo Guerrero Sr.

paragraph: Salvador Guerrero III (January 7, 1949 – February 11, 2017), better known as Chavo Guerrero or Chavo Guerrero Sr., and also known during the 21st century as "Chavo Classic", was an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his work in Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF), American Wrestling Association (AWA) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and for being the father of third generation wrestler Chavo Guerrero Jr. He was the oldest son of Salvador "Gory" Guerrero, and part of the Guerrero wrestling family. He was the oldest WWE Cruiserweight Champion.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Early career.

paragraph: In 1970, Chavo competed for NWA Western States. Guerrero later moved his family to California so he could compete in Los Angeles's NWA Hollywood Wrestling and San Francisco's Big Time Wrestling. In NWA Hollywood, he feuded with Roddy Piper for the NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship. Between 1975 and 1980, he held the title 15 times.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Various Territories.

paragraph: He spent the early 80's splitting his time between All Japan Pro Wrestling, Mid South Wrestling, CWF and Houston Wrestling.

paragraph: In 1982, Guerrero feuded with Atsushi Onita over the NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship in All Japan Pro Wrestling..

paragraph: In 1983, he feuded with Gino Hernandez in Mid South Wrestling. The feud resulted in Loser Leaves Town matches, Texas Death Matches and a Mexican Chicken Match.

paragraph: In 1984, he teamed with his brother Hector Guerrero in Championship Wrestling from Florida. They had rivalries with The U.S. Express, from whom they captured the NWA United States Tag Team Titles from and The Breakdancers of Brickhouse Brown and Mark Ragin.

paragraph: In 1985, Hector and Chavo then traveled back over to Mid South Wrestling, where they feuded with The Rock 'n' Roll Express. They then engaged in a rivalry with Ted Dibiase and "Dr. Death" Steve Williams over the UWF Tag Team Championship. In 1986, they wrestled The Fabulous Ones on multiple occasions for Mid South.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:AWA.

paragraph: In 1988, Mando and Chavo stopped in the AWA. They went after the AWA World Tag Team Championship held by Diamond Dallas Page's team of Badd Company (Paul Diamond and Pat Tanaka). However, they were unable to capture the titles in multiple attempts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:EMLL.

paragraph: In 1990, Chavo teamed with his brothers Mando and Eddie in EMLL. He competed with his brothers in multiple trios matches.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:World Wrestling Entertainment (2004).

paragraph: In 2004, Guerrero began working for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), joining his son Chavo Jr. in a feud with the younger Chavo's uncle and the older Chavo's brother Eddie. While with WWE he competed as Chavo Classic and became the oldest WWE Cruiserweight Champion in history, defeating Chavo Jr. and Spike Dudley in a triple threat match. On the April 1 episode of "SmackDown", Classic and Chavo Jr. lost to Spike Dudley and Rey Mysterio. In the April 22 episode of "SmackDown", Classic and Chavo Jr defeated John Cena in a 2-on-1 handicap match. On the May 11 episode of "SmackDown", Chavo Classic defeated Jacqueline thanks to outside help by Chavo Jr. On the June 3 episode of "SmackDown", Chavo Classic retained the Cruiserweight Title against Funaki, thanks to outside help from Chavo Jr. He eventually lost the title to Rey Mysterio less than a month later. On June 15, 2004, he was fired by WWE for no-showing multiple "SmackDown!" house shows.

paragraph: On the November 15, 2010, "Old School" episode of "Raw", Guerrero returned as Chavo Classic, driving Alberto Del Rio to the arena.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Lucha Underground (2016).

paragraph: Chavo Classic first appeared on Lucha Underground talking with Rey Mysterio about the upcoming match of the latter against his son Chavo Guerrero Jr. in a "Loser Leaves Lucha match". During the match, Classic, who was in the attendance, turned on Mysterio, helping his son win the match, but Dario Cueto ordered to restart the match, and Mysterio hit the "619" on Classic and defeated Chavo Guerrero, leaving Lucha Underground without the Guerreros.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Chavo was the son of Gory Guerrero and the older brother of Mando, Hector, and Eddie Guerrero. He grew up in El Paso, Texas

paragraph: He had two children, wrestler Chavo Jr. and daughter Victoria. and he was the brother in-law of Vickie Guerrero.

paragraph: In July 2016, Guerrero and his son were named part of a class action lawsuit filed against WWE which alleged that wrestlers incurred traumatic brain injuries during their tenure and that the company concealed the risks of injury. The suit was litigated by attorney Konstantine Kyros, who has been involved in a number of other lawsuits against WWE. Over a year after his death, US District Judge Vanessa Lynne Bryant dismissed the lawsuit in September 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On February 11, 2017, Guerrero died of liver cancer, at the age of 68.

paragraph: Section::::Other media.

paragraph: In 1978 he co-starred with Henry Winkler in the movie "The One and Only" as a wrestler called Indian Joe.

paragraph: He is the subject of the song "The Legend of Chavo Guerrero" by The Mountain Goats and is featured in its music video.

paragraph: The 2017 Netflix series, GLOW has its 7th episode dedicated to Chavo Guerrero Sr.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- All Japan Pro Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Wrestling Alliance

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atlantic Coast Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- ACCW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Championship Wrestling from Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA United States Tag Team Championship "(Florida version)" (1 time) – with Hector Guerrero

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eastern Wrestling Federation

paragraph: BULLET::::- EWF Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empire Wrestling Federation

paragraph: BULLET::::- EWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hollywood Heavyweight Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- HHW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Wrestling Federation

paragraph: BULLET::::- IWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Hollywood Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship (15 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (11 times) – with Raul Mata (2), John Tolos (1), Gory Guerrero (1), Butcher Vachon (1), Victor Rivera (1), The Canadian (1), Hector Guerrero (1), El Halcon (1), Black Gordman (1) and Al Madril (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Japan Pro Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling Illustrated

paragraph: BULLET::::- PWI ranked him # 130 out of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southwest Championship Wrestling / Texas All-Star Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- SCW Southwest Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- SCW World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Manny Fernandez

paragraph: BULLET::::- TASW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- TASW Texas Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Al Madril (1) and himself (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas All-Star USA Heavyweight Championship (1 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vendetta Pro Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vendetty Award—2014 Co-Special Guest star of the Year (w/ Chavo Guerrero Jr. & The Godfather)

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWA Trios Championship (1 time) – with Mando and Eddy Guerrero

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Wrestling Entertainment

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007) (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best Wrestling Maneuver (1986)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chavo Guerrero Sr.: A Legend (Official Website)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Online World Of Wrestling

alias:
Chavo Classic
Salvador Guerrero III
Chavo Guerrero, Sr.

description: American professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Chavo Guerrero Sr.

wikipedia_title: Chavo Guerrero Sr.


text:
Sejm
Lithuanian Tribunal
voivode of Mscislaw
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Grodno Governorate
Russian Empire
partitions of Poland
Bar Confederation
Sejm
marshal
Constitution of the 3rd May
partitions of Poland
Adam Czartoryski
Paris
Grodno Governorate
Order of Saint Stanislaus
Order of the White Eagle
Jean Baptiste Racine

categories: Members of the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,Bar confederates,1809 deaths,Polish nobility,Generals of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,Polish male poets,Polish translators,Polish poets,1730 births,Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus

paragraph: Franciszek Ksawery Chomiński

paragraph: Franciszek Ksawery Chomiński (c. 1730 - 9 June 1809) was a Polish soldier, politician, translator and poet. Sejm deputy, deputy to the Lithuanian Tribunal and voivode of Mscislaw from 1788 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and marshal of the Grodno Governorate in the Russian Empire after partitions of Poland.

paragraph: A cavalry officer, he was a supporter of the Bar Confederation. Later, he became more active in the Commonwealth politics, and was a deputy to Sejms of 1780, 1782 and 1784; at the latter one he served as its marshal. He was among the supporters of the Constitution of the 3rd May.

paragraph: After the partitions of Poland he supported Adam Czartoryski in Paris. He also served as the marshal of the Grodno Governorate.

paragraph: He received the Order of Saint Stanislaus in 1784 and the Order of the White Eagle in 1785.

paragraph: As a writer, he wrote poetry and epigrams, and translated into Polish several works from French, most notably, those of Jean Baptiste Racine.

description: Polish nobleman

wikidata_label: Franciszek Ksawery Chomiński

wikipedia_title: Franciszek Ksawery Chomiński


text: Bishop

text: Archbishop

text: San Salvador

text: El Salvador

text: Arturo Rivera y Damas

text: Óscar Romero

text: Romero

text: Liberation Theology

text: Opus Dei

text: Romero

text: Metropolitan Cathedral

text: gang

text: Bishop

text: Archbishop

text: San Salvador, El Salvador

text: Pope Benedict XVI

categories: 1932 births,People from Tudela (comarca),Roman Catholic archbishops of San Salvador,Opus Dei members,Living people

paragraph: Fernando Sáenz Lacalle

paragraph: Fernando Sáenz Lacalle (born 16 November 1932) was the tenth Bishop and sixth Archbishop of San Salvador, El Salvador. He was the successor of Msgr. Arturo Rivera y Damas. Archbishop Sáenz held the post once held by Archbishop Óscar Romero, who was assassinated in 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Role as bishop.

paragraph: Section::::Role as bishop.:Liberation theology.

paragraph: In the years following his installation, Sáenz was accused by critics of eviscerating the "preferential option for the poor" of his predecessors, notably Romero, by clamping down on progressive church movements affiliated with Liberation Theology with a series of personnel movements, closing of programs, and changes to seminary curriculum. Sáenz has defended his stances by saying that the Church must speak on behalf of the poor and defenseless, but never become involved in activism or politics. Sáenz is a member of the Opus Dei. He has supported the canonization cause of his predecessor, Romero.

paragraph: Section::::Role as bishop.:Metropolitan cathedral.

paragraph: Sáenz presided over the completion of the Metropolitan Cathedral on March 19, 1999. Sáenz seemed to find his voice after two deadly earthquakes struck El Salvador a year apart in 2000 and 2001, with the archbishop springing into action to marshal international relief. In more recent years, Sáenz has advocated conservative Catholic views on sex and contraception, called for civil cooperation with police authorities to combat gang violence, and criticized labor strikes in the health sector as an unjustifiable denial of service to hospital patients.

paragraph: Section::::Role as bishop.:Resignation.

paragraph: In accordance with Canon law, Sáenz tendered his resignation as archbishop on December 27, 2008, and it was accepted. Bishop Jose Luis Escobar Alas of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Vincente, El Salvador, was named the eleventh Bishop and seventh Archbishop of San Salvador, El Salvador on Monday, December 29, 2008, by Pope Benedict XVI.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-hierarchy.org entry for Fernando Sáenz Lacalle

description: Archbishop of San Salvador

wikidata_label: Fernando Sáenz Lacalle

wikipedia_title: Fernando Sáenz Lacalle


text:
Namgyal dynasty
Ladakh
India
Buddhist
Jamyang Namgyal
Basgo Monastery
Maitreya
Shey Palace
Silk Road
Kashmir
Tibet
Leh Palace
Shey Palace
Hemis
Stag-tsang-ras-pa
Hanle Monastery
Gelug
Tabo Monastery
Spiti Valley
Himachal Pradesh
Drukpa Kagyu
Tibetan Buddhism
Hanle
Mongol
Tsang
Chemrey Monastery
More on Namgyal and Leh Palace

categories: 1642 deaths,Rulers of Ladakh,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Sengge Namgyal

paragraph: Sengge Namgyal ("Sen-ge-rnam-rgyal", c. 1570–1642) was a 17th-century Namgyal dynasty King of Ladakh, India from 1616 to his death in 1642. A Buddhist, he was noted for his immense work in building monasteries, palaces and shrines in Ladakh and is known as the "Lion King".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sengge was born to Jamyang Namgyal and a Muslim mother. He was a devout Buddhist. In 1610, during the reign of his father, Jamyang Namgyal, Sengge and his father built the Basgo Monastery and erected a 24-foot statue of Maitreya within it and a 32-foot Buddha statue which is reportedly the second largest Buddhist statue in Ladakh after the statue in Shey Palace.

paragraph: In his youth, he showed great martial skill and a flair for command. Talents which got him the command of the army. In 1614, he captured the mining town of Rudok followed by Spurangs, another important gold mining town, in 1615. The plunder and the output from these towns financed the building projects he would later commission as the King. In 1616, on the death of his father, Jamyang Namgyal, he ascended to the throne. He completed the conquests of Kingdom of Ngaris after a brief siege of Guge castle in 1619. Trade flourished under Namgyal along the Silk Road and he generated much wealth through trade with Kashmir to the west, and with Tibet to the east. However, he occasionally fell into dispute with the Muslim rulers of Kashmir.

paragraph: During his reign, Sengge was responsible for building or renovating some of the most notable buildings in the region such as the Leh Palace, which he built after moving from Shey Palace/Monastery, and he built the Hemis monastery in 1630. With the assistance of the eminent Tibetan priest, Stag-tsang-ras-pa, he built the Hanle Monastery and was the first to be associated with the Drugpa school that Stag-tsang-ras-pa belonged to and which, under the patronage of the Namgyal family, became very important in Ladakh, seriously rivaling the reformed ("Yellow Hat") Gelug sect.

paragraph: Sengge was also responsible for renovating the Golden Temple of Tabo Monastery in the Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh which was said to have been once covered with gold. The walls and ceilings are covered with murals today.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Sengge remained devoted to the Ralung lineage of the Drukpa Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism after meeting the Tibetan priest for the remainder of his life. He died in 1642 at Hanle on his return from an expedition against the Mongols who had occupied the Tibetan province of Tsang and were threatening Ladakh. Chemrey Monastery, built in the 17th century was dedicated to Sengge Namgyal and the Drugpa sect.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- More on Namgyal and Leh Palace

description: Ruler of Ladakh

wikidata_label: Sengge Namgyal

wikipedia_title: Sengge Namgyal