text:
Persian
Persian language
Luri
Fahlaviyat
Rouben Abrahamian
Jews
Hamadan
The Cambridge History of Iran
Hamadan
Province
Iran
dervish
Ferdowsi
Avicenna
Omar Khayyam
Seljuq
Tughril
setar
do-baytī
Arabic
tomb
Hamadan
pillars
tower
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
List of Persian poets and authors
Persian literature

wikipedia_title:
Persian people
Persian language
Luri language
Fahlavīyāt
Rouben Abrahamian
Persian Jews
Hamadan
The Cambridge History of Iran
Hamadan Province
Hamadan Province
Iran
Dervish
Ferdowsi
Avicenna
Omar Khayyam
Seljuq dynasty
Tughril
Setar
Do-baytī
Arabic
Tomb
Hamadan
Column
Tower
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
List of Persian poets and authors
Persian literature

categories: 11th-century Persian poets,11th-century deaths,10th-century births,Persian-language literature,11th-century writers,Iranian Sufis

paragraph: Baba Tahir

paragraph: Baba Tahir (, or Baba Taher Oryan Hamadani) was an 11th-century Persian poet. His poetry is written in the Hamadani dialect of the Persian language. According to L. P. Elwell-Sutton he probably wrote in the local dialect(Hamadani), adding: "Most traditional sources call it loosely Luri, while the name commonly applied from an early date to verses of this kind, Fahlaviyat, presumably implies that they were thought to be in a language related to the Middle Iranian dialect Pahlavi. Rouben Abrahamian however found a close affinity with the dialect spoken at the present time by the Jews of Hamadan." According to The Cambridge History of Iran, Baba Tahir spoke a certain Persian dialect.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Baba Tahir is known as one of the most revered early poets in Persian literature. Little is known of his life. He was born and lived in Hamadan Province in Iran. He was known by the name of Baba Taher-e Oryan (The Naked), which suggests that he may have been a wandering dervish. Legend tells that the poet, an illiterate woodcutter, attended lectures at a religious school, where he was not welcomed by his fellow-students. The dates of his birth and death are unknown. One source indicates that he died in 1019. If this is accurate, it would make Baba Tahir a contemporary of Ferdowsi and Avicenna and an immediate precursor of Omar Khayyam. Another source reports that he lived between 1000 and 1055, which is unlikely. It is said that Baba Tahir lived for seventy-five years. Rahat al-sodur of Ravandi, whose work was completed 603/1206, describes a meeting between Baba Tahir and the Seljuq conqueror Tughril (pp. 98–99). At the time when Baba Tahir lived in the 10th century, there were great changes occurring in the development and growth of literature and art. Medieval artists and poets in Persia were greatly respected and valued and had the right to express their thoughts freely. According to L. P. Elwell-Sutton: "He could be described as the first great poet of Sufi love in Persian literature. In the last two decades his do-baytis have often been put to music".

paragraph: Section::::Poetry.

paragraph: Baba Tahir's poems are recited to the present day all over Iran accompanied by the setar, the three stringed viol or lute. This style of poetry is known as Pahlaviat and it is very ancient. The quatrains of Baba Tahir have a more amorous and mystical connotation rather than philosophical. Many of Baba Tahir's poems are of the "do-baytī" style, a form of Persian quatrains, which some scholars regard as having affinities with Middle Persian verses.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: Attributed to him is a work by the name Kalemat-e qesaar, a collection of nearly 400 aphorisms in Arabic, which has been the subject of commentaries, one allegedly by Ayn-al-Qozat Hamadani. An example of such a saying is one where Baba Tahir ties knowledge with gnosis: "Knowledge is the guide to gnosis, and when gnosis has come the vision of knowledge lapses and there remain only the movements of knowledge to gnosis"; "knowledge is the crown of the gnostic, and gnosis is the crown of knowledge"; "whoever witnesses what is decreed by God remains motionless and powerless."

paragraph: Section::::Tomb.

paragraph: His tomb, designed by Mohsen Foroughi, is located near the northern entrance of the city of Hamadan in Western Iran, in a park, surrounded by flowers and winding paths. The structure consists of twelve external pillars surrounding a central tower. It was constructed in 1970.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Persian poets and authors

paragraph: BULLET::::- Persian literature

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Browne, E.G. "Literary History of Persia", vol. 2 (1906).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Rypka, "History of Iranian Literature". Reidel Publishing Company. ASIN B-000-6BXVT-K

paragraph: BULLET::::- باباطاهر عریان , عارف و شاعر بلند آوازه ایران (in Persian)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text of Baba Taher's poems at Ganjoor library (in Persian)

description: Kurdish poet

wikidata_label: Baba Tahir

wikipedia_title: Baba Tahir


text:
Danish
Duke of Schleswig
Southern Jutland
Magnus I of Sweden
Valdemar I of Denmark
Valdemar II of Denmark
Eric I of Denmark
Boedil Thurgotsdatter
Hvide
Niels of Denmark
Duchy of Schleswig
Obotrites
Duke of Holstein
Holy Roman Empire
Wends
Magnus the Strong
Ringsted
Ringsted Abbey
Benedictine
St. Bendt's Church
Reformation
crucifix
Pribislav
Niklot
Valdemar I
canonisation
feast day
Ingeborg of Kiev
Mstislav I of Kiev
Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden
Christina
Magnus IV of Norway
Niklot
Obotrites
Valdemar I of Denmark

wikipedia_title:
Danish language
Duke of Schleswig
Southern Jutland
Magnus I of Sweden
Valdemar I of Denmark
Valdemar II of Denmark
Eric I of Denmark
Boedil Thurgotsdatter
Hvide
Niels, King of Denmark
Duchy of Schleswig
Obotrites
Holstein-Glückstadt
Holy Roman Empire
Wends
Magnus I of Sweden
Ringsted
Ringsted Abbey
Benedictines
St. Bendt's Church, Ringsted
Reformation
Crucifix
Pribislav of Wagria
Niklot
Valdemar I of Denmark
Canonization
Calendar of saints
Ingeborg of Kiev
Mstislav I of Kiev
Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden
Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway
Magnus IV of Norway
Niklot
Obotrites
Valdemar I of Denmark

categories: 12th-century Danish people,Dukes of Schleswig,12th-century Christian saints,1096 births,Danish Roman Catholic saints,1131 deaths,House of Estridsen,Danish Roman Catholics,Burials at St. Bendt's Church

paragraph: Canute Lavard

paragraph: Canute Lavard (Danish: Knud Lavard) (March 12, 1096 – 7 January 1131) was a Danish prince. Later he was the first Duke of Schleswig and the first border prince who was both a Danish and a German vassal, a position leading towards the historical double position of Southern Jutland. He was killed by his cousin Magnus, (later King Magnus I of Sweden) (ca. 1106-1134) who saw him as a rival to the Danish throne. Canute Lavard was canonized in 1170.

paragraph: He was an ancestor of the Valdemarian kings ("Valdemarerne") and of their subsequent royal line. Canute Lavard was the father of King Valdemar I of Denmark ("Valdemar den Store") and grandfather of King Valdemar II of Denmark ("Valdemar Sejr").

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Canute was the only legitimate son of King Eric I of Denmark (+1103) and Boedil Thurgotsdatter but as a minor he was bypassed in the election of 1104. He grew up in close contact with the noble family of Hvide, who were later on to be among his most eager supporters. In 1115, his uncle, King Niels of Denmark, placed him in charge of the Duchy of Schleswig ("jarl af Sønderjylland") in order to put an end to the attacks of the Slavic Obotrites. During the next fifteen years, he fulfilled his duty of establishing peace in the border area so well that he was titled Duke of Holstein ("Hertug af Holsten") and became a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire.

paragraph: He seems to have been the first member of the Danish royal family who was attracted by the knightly ideals and habits of medieval Germany, indicated by his changing his title to Duke of Schleswig ("Hertug af Slesvig"). His appearance made him a popular man and a possible successor of his uncle, but he also acquired mighty enemies among the Danish princes and magnates, who apparently questioned his loyalty and feared his bond with Emperor Lothair III, who had recognized him as sovereign over the western Wends.

paragraph: Both Niels and his son, Magnus the Strong, seem to have been alarmed by Canute's recognition by the emperor. On 7 January 1131, Canute was trapped in the ("Haraldsted Skov") near Ringsted in Zealand and murdered by Magnus. Ringsted Abbey, one of the earliest Benedictine houses in Denmark, became the initial resting place of Canute Lavard. In 1157, Canute Lavard's remains were moved into a new chapel at St. Bendt's Church in Ringsted. A chapel ("Knut Lavards Kapel") was erected at the site of his death during medieval times but disappeared after the Reformation. The ruins were rediscovered in 1883. In 1902 a memorial in the form of a 4-metre crucifix was erected near the site of the death of Canute Lavard.

paragraph: After the death of Canute Lavard, the Obotrite lands were partitioned between Pribislav and Niklot (1090–1160), both chiefs of the Obotrites. Some sources consider the death of Canute to be a murder committed by Magnus; some attribute it to Niels himself. The death provoked a civil war that intermittently lasted until 1157, ending only with the triumph of Canute’s posthumous son Valdemar I. The fate of Canute and his son’s victory formed the background for his canonisation in 1170, which was requested by King Valdemar. His feast day ("Knutsdagen") is celebrated on the day of his death, January 7.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Canute Lavard was married to Ingeborg of Kiev, daughter of Mstislav I of Kiev and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden.

paragraph: They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Margaret, married Stig Hvitaledr

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Christina (b. 1118), married (1133) Magnus IV of Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Catherine, married Prislav, son of Niklot, prince of Obotrites

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Valdemar I of Denmark (born 1131)

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John (1993) "The Penguin Dictionary of Saints". 3rd edition. (New York: Penguin Books)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mortensen, Lars Boje (2006) "The Making of Christian Myths in the Periphery of Latin Christendom (Ca. 1000-1300)" (Museum Tusculanum Press)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sankt Knud Lavard skole

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sankt Knud Lavard Kirke

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crucifix for Knud Lavard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piotr Boroń, Kanut Laward - Rex Obodtitorum. Kontrowersje wokół tytulatury duńskiego księcia, władcy słowiańskich plemion

description: Danish prince

wikidata_label: Canute Lavard

wikipedia_title: Canute Lavard


text:
samurai
jojutsu
Miyamoto Musashi
martial art
rōnin
musha shugyō
Battle of Sekigahara
Shintō Musō-ryū
jōdō
Kasumi Shintō-ryū Kenjutsu
Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
Iizasa Choisai Ienao
Kashima Shintō-ryū
Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū
ken
naginata
yari
menkyo
Akashi
Edo
shaku
jitte
shaku
Maai
Shinto
Mount Hōman
Chikuzen
Fukuoka Prefecture
spear
longstaff
naginata
sword
Fukuoka
Shinto shrine
Minamoto no Yoshitsune
Tengu
Kenji Tokitsu
Ibaraki prefecture
Eiji Yoshikawa's
Musashi (novel)
Shang Tsung
Wii
Vagabond

wikipedia_title:
Samurai
Jōdō
Miyamoto Musashi
Martial arts
Rōnin
Musha shugyō
Battle of Sekigahara
Shintō Musō-ryū
Jōdō
Kasumi Shintō-ryū Kenjutsu
Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
Iizasa Ienao
Kashima Shintō-ryū
Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū
Sword
Naginata
Yari
Menkyo
Akashi, Hyōgo
Edo
Shaku (unit)
Jitte
Shaku (unit)
Maai
Shinto
Mount Hōman
Chikuzen Province
Fukuoka Prefecture
Spear
Bō
Naginata
Sword
Fukuoka
Shinto shrine
Minamoto no Yoshitsune
Tengu
Kenji Tokitsu
Ibaraki Prefecture
Eiji Yoshikawa
Musashi (novel)
Shang Tsung
Wii
Vagabond (manga)

paragraph: Musō Gonnosuke

paragraph: Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi (夢想權之助勝吉) was a samurai of the early 17th century and the traditional founder of the Koryu school of jojutsu known as Shintō Musō-ryū (神道夢想流/神道無想流). He is perhaps most famous for his duels with the legendary swordsman Miyamoto Musashi.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional origin.

paragraph: Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi was born into a samurai family, and like many other famous samurai and martial art founders, claimed to trace their lineage to a family of the classical period of samurai. His family is supposedly descendant from "Kiso Kanja No Taiyu Kakumei ", a retainer of the famous samurai general Minamoto Yoshinaka. Gonnosukes original family name is said to have been Hirano and that he used his given name of Gonbei in his early days. Unlike his future counterpart, Miyamoto Musashi, Gonnosuke was not a rōnin (masterless samurai) through a defeat in battle such as is claimed with Musashi in the battle of Sekigahara, but had gone out on the road on a warrior pilgrimage to improve his skills in duels and by learning from different martial arts schools on the road. This was a common tradition called "musha shugyō" and many samurai wishing to develop their martial abilities undertook such travels frequently. Musashi had probably been a part of the losing side in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 and had since been a rōnin and undertaking his own "musha shugyō".

paragraph: Section::::Early life on the road.

paragraph: The Shintō Musō-ryū legacy "(densho) " 伝書 contains a written heritage of the school, and also includes a list of the former headmasters, including the founder, and a list of the "jōdō" techniques. It also lists several of Musō Gonnosuke's teachers in martial arts, one of whom, according to the Makabei family records, was Sakurai Osumi-no-Kami, a lieutenant of Makabei Hisamoto (nicknamed Oni Doumu), who in turn was a student of the founder of Kasumi Shintō-ryū Kenjutsu. Gonnosuke also received other training from the Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū-school, founded by Iizasa Choisai Ienao, and also that he received training in either Kashima Shintō-ryū or Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū, depending on the source. In addition to learning the ken (sword), he learned to use the bo (long staff), naginata (pole weapon), yari (spear) and various other weapons. Gonnosuke eventually received the rank of "menkyo", a complete license with the authority to train and develop the art, from Katori Shintō-ryū.

paragraph: Sometime after he finished his training in Katori Shintō-ryū, Gonnosuke went out on the road, traveling through Japan with a few followers as a wandering swordsman, always looking for an opponent to fight duels with and at the same time teaching swordsmanship to a selected few. It is claimed that he defeated many of Japan's finest warriors, and remained undefeated until he encountered the rōnin Miyamoto Musashi.

paragraph: Section::::His first duel with Miyamoto Musashi.

paragraph: The first of the two legendary duels between Musashi and Gonnosuke was supposed to have taken place between 1596-1614. Scholars argue as to when and where the actual duel took place, and indeed some question whether it even took place at all. The essence of the story, however, tells of how Gonnosuke, by now a very famous swordsman and arrogant in his (considerable) martial abilities, had one day encountered Musashi and had unceremoniously challenged him to a duel. Musashi accepted and Gonnosuke, brandishing his sword, immediately threw himself at Musashi who with ease avoided Gonnosuke's strike and proceeded to lock Gonnosuke's sword, using both his long and short sword, in an X-shaped block ("jujidome").

paragraph: The "Annals of the Niten" ("Niten ki"), the traditional source of information for Miyamoto Musashi, tells this version of the first duel.

paragraph: Again, the details of exactly what happened in the duel are debated and still unclear. In the version found in the "Kaijo monogatari", Gonnosuke and Musashi meets in Akashi instead of Edo, and the former is also brandishing a long four "shaku" staff instead of a wooden sword. It states that Gonnosuke had previously encountered Musashi's father, Shinmen Munisai, who was an expert of the jitte and had defeated him. Gonnosuke, in a condescending tone of voice, asked Musashi if he was as skilled as his father and if he used similar techniques. Musashi supposedly said: "If you have seen my father's technique you have seen mine", after which Gonnosuke attacked Musashi and was defeated.

paragraph: The weapons used are also in debate. As mentioned above, some claim Gonnosuke was using a long staff ("bo") reinforced with metal rings. Other versions claim he used an exceptionally long wooden sword which was above the average length of a Japanese sword over four "shaku 1" long, (roughly 121 cm or 48 inches), instead of the normal length "bokuto" of around 2.45 "Shaku" (roughly 74 cm or 29 inches). Musashi's weapon of choice is also debated. One version say he was armed with only a half-finished bokuto, which Musashi was actually still carving as the duel began, and used it to overwhelm Gonnosuke without ever using the X-shaped block, instead hitting him lightly on the forehead as to demonstrate his superior stance in battle and emphasizing proper distance to an opponent, or "Maai".

paragraph: In any case, the critical part of the story is that Gonnosuke was defeated with relative ease much to Gonnosuke's chagrin. Gonnosuke became disillusioned at this sudden defeat, plus the fact that Musashi had Gonnosuke live even though he had been at his mercy. Gonnosuke withdraw to a Shinto monastery to contemplate his defeat.

paragraph: Section::::Seclusion, Jojutsu and the second duel.

paragraph: Gonnosuke withdrew to a Shinto shrine at Mount Hōman in Chikuzen province, (modern-day, Fukuoka Prefecture), where he would practice daily in perfecting his swordsmanship, praying and performing Shinto purifying rituals for 37 days. It is also said, however, that he spent several years on the road studying other martial arts in various dojos until he ended up at the Shinto shrine. After one of his regular (exhausting) training sessions, he collapsed from fatigue and reputedly had a vision of a divine being in the form of a child, saying to Gonnosuke: "know the solar plexus [of your opponent] with a round stick". In another version he had the vision in a dream late at night. He took it upon himself to create the jo deliberately longer than the average katana of the day, 128 cm, as opposed to the sword's total length of approx. 100 cm, and use that length to his advantage in a fight. Gonnosuke, drawing on his own considerable experience with the spear, longstaff, naginata and sword, devised a series of jo-techniques for use to counter and defeat a swordsman. Arguably, he also developed techniques to target Musashi's trade-mark X-block.

paragraph: The outcome of the second duel, or even that a second duel occurred, is not conclusively known. The stick-fighting school he founded maintains that Gonnosuke, now armed with the jo, defeated Musashi through the use of the superior length of the jo to keep Musashi's swords out of range of Gonnosuke and thus hinder him from using the X-shaped technique effectively. Gonnosuke had Musashi at his mercy but let him live as a way of returning the favour granted in the first duel.

paragraph: Outside of the stick-fighting schools, the claim that Musashi was ever defeated by Gonnosuke is denied, particularly by sword fighting schools who maintain Musashi was never defeated in a duel. The claim is generally treated skeptically as there is no record outside of the stick-fighting school that a second duel ever took place. Another version of the story says that Musashi and Gonnosuke went in a deadlock, and the match ended in a draw, as no one could move without making an opening.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and legacy.

paragraph: The story continues after the second duel. Gonnosuke, spending several more years on the road, part of the time with his new friend Musashi as his second, eventually took up residence in Fukuoka after being asked by the Kuroda clan to teach his jo-techniques to a selected few of their warriors. As the years progressed the original set of jo-techniques, by now expanded with new techniques since the days of Gonnosuke's duel with Musashi, became known as Shintō Musō-ryū (sometimes transliterated as Shindō Musō-ryū).

paragraph: The modern day Shintō Musō-ryū survived both the ending of active fighting in Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate and the American-imposed post-World War II ban on martial arts; it is now an international martial art.

paragraph: The memory of Musō Gonnosuke is honored at a Shinto shrine raised by Shimizu Takaji, one of the most prominent Shintō Musō-ryū "jōdōka" until his death in 1978.

paragraph: Section::::Sources for Musō Gonnosuke.

paragraph: The true origin of Gonnosuke is unknown; his traits and various exploits have, as with many martial artists and other famous samurai of the time, been exaggerated and/or constructed by later historians. A number of traditional founders of "ryu", martial art school, have been credited with having divine inspirations or visions, or in some cases even being taught by mythical creatures. One example is the famous samurai Minamoto no Yoshitsune who was supposedly taught by a Tengu - magical creatures of Japanese mythology, some possessing vast knowledge of weapons and martial arts.

paragraph: The earliest known source of the first duel is the "Kaijo Monogatari". The entry in the "Kaijo Monogatari" was written in the 17th century but the exact year is debated. Author Kenji Tokitsu dates the "Kaijo" to 1666, but author Wayne Muromoto give the date of 1629. Another source is the "Honcho Bugei Shoden" (or "Honcho Bugei Koden") written in about 1716. The sources agree on the core of the story however; that Gonnosuke faced Musashi and was defeated, after which he retreated and formed his jo-techniques. The notion that Musashi was defeated in a rematch can be argued to have been a later construct by later pro-Gonnosuke historians, as there is no mentioning of a defeat in the sources regarding Musashi. The same could be said, however, for Musashi's followers who might have removed all mentioning of Musashi's defeat as a way to preserve his reputation. Another mentioning of the first duel is found in the "Niten-Ki" which was compiled by Musashi's followers years after his death. There is only one known source mentioning the rematch. It is a scroll now preserved in Tsukuba Shrine in Ibaraki prefecture, although doubts of its contents has been raised, partially because there are no other known corroborating sources to confirm it.

paragraph: Section::::Musō Gonnosuke in popular culture.

paragraph: A fictional version of Musō Gonnosuke and his duels with Musashi are featured in the Eiji Yoshikawa's novel Musashi (novel).

paragraph: In the video game " Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance", it is stated that Master Bo' Rai Cho helped Gonnosuke develop the Jojutsu style after his loss to Musashi. Bo' Rai Cho had used the Jojutsu style in "Mortal Kombat: Deception", "Mortal Kombat: Armageddon", and " Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance". It is also stated that Gonnosuke lost in his first "Mortal Kombat" tournament, and that his soul was consumed by Shang Tsung.

paragraph: In the Wii video game , Gonnosuke is portrayed as a bandit chief that often uses henchmen to impersonate him in order to stay alive. After defeating him, the player will later encounter Gonnosuke who has become a changed man, and they both decide to work together to defeat Miyamoto Musashi in a duel. Gonnosuke also helps the player defeat a group of pirates invading a small town and the player must also beat Gonnosuke as part of the first trial of the Bamboo Trial.

paragraph: Musō Gonnosuke is also featured within the manga series known as Vagabond, at which he declares himself to be the "Number One Martial Artist under Heaven" by means of the kanji written on his back (possibly punning his surname, as the kanji used are "Tenka Musō"). Gonnosuke later joins both Ino Tadaaki and Sasaki Kojiro in their journey of swordsmanship, vowing to become a master of the sword in accordance to the skill of his two pupils. In appearance, he wears face paint beneath his eyes and wields a spear.

paragraph: Section::::Footnotes.

paragraph: 2. * This X-shaped block is called "jūmonji" (lit. cross) and is a fundamental technique of Musashi's Niten Ichi-ryū. When applying "jūmonji", it is important to consider which of the two swords is atop the other. This will greatly influence what manner of countermove is appropriate.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seitei Jōdō - Modern, compact version of SMR with 12 kata taught in the Zen Nihon Kendō Renmei.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- European Jôdô Federation history section on SMR

paragraph: BULLET::::- Koryu.com entry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nishioka Tsuneo and the Pure Flow of the Jo" by Wayne Muromoto

paragraph: BULLET::::- KampaiBudokai article on SMR

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muso Gonnosuke and the Shinto Muso-ryu Jo by Wayne Muromoto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pascal Krieger: Jodô - la voie du bâton / The way of the stick (bilingual French/English), Geneva (CH) 1989,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Evolution of Classical Jojutsu" by Dave Lowry

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shrine of Muso Gonnosuke

paragraph: BULLET::::- Japanese site on the shrine of Muso Gonnosuke

alias:
Muso Gonnosuke
Musou Gonnosuke

description: Japanese samurai

wikidata_label: Musō Gonnosuke

wikipedia_title: Musō Gonnosuke


text: Low German

text: Swedish

text: Avignon

text: archbishop of Lund

text: Archbishop of Riga

text: Terra Mariana

text: Prince-Archbishop of Bremen

text: jurist

text: canon law

text: Peder Bang

text: Bishop of Roskilde

text: Hvide

text: Stig Andersen Hvide

text: Eric V "Klipping"

text: University of Paris

text: canon law

text: prebend

text: canon

text: Roskilde Cathedral

text: provost

text: Pope Nicholas IV

text: Bishop of Roskilde

text: Selsø Slot

text: Skibby

text: cathedral chapter

text: Lund

text: primacy

text: Eric VI "Menved"

text: Holy See

text: Jacob Erlandsen

text: traitor

text: canon law

text: dean

text: provost

text: necrologium

text: Offices of the Dead

text: investiture

text: Søborg Castle

text: Zealand

text: Pope Celestine V

text: Kalundborg castle

text: Pope Boniface VIII

text: cook

text: castle

text: Hammershus

text: Bornholm

text: estates

text: curia

text: treason

text: marks

text: interdict

text: ban

text: nuncio

text: Isarnus Tacconi (also Isarno Morlane)

text: Fontiès-d'Aude

text: Carcassonne

text: Prince-Archbishop of Riga

text: Boniface VIII

text: Martin (Morten Mogensen) of Dacia

text: canon

text: Ribe Cathedral

text: Ribe diocese

text: Rector of the University of Paris

text: marks

text: Pope Benedict XI

text: see

text: Isarnus Tacconi

text: prince-archbishop

text: Riga

text: Pope Benedict XI

text: Prince-Archbishopric of Riga

text: Terra Mariana

text: livres parisis

text: St Denis Abbey

text: Pope Clement V

text: Poitiers

text: cathedral chapter

text: ius devolutionis

text: Prince-Archbishop of Bremen

text: pallium

text: Avignon

text: servitia minuta

text: servitium commune

text: See

text: Guilders (Florins)

text: Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein

text: Bernhard, Count of Wölpe

text: dean

text: Bremen's cathedral

text: curia

text: Northern Germany

text: sede vacante

text: city of Bremen

text: Burgher

text: ministerialis

text: Martin von der Hude

text: Weser

text: Oste

text: Heinrich von Borch

text: robber baron

text: Elbe

text: John III of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst

text: Vörde Castle

text: brigandage

text: epithet

text: Beckdorf

text: Stade

text: Saxe-Lauenburg

text: Land of Hadeln

text: Count of Brobergen or Stade

text: County of Stade

text: imperial immediacy

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Hude

text: County of Oldenburg

text: suffragan

text: Lübeck

text: Ratzeburg

text: Schwerin

text: subsidium caritativum

text: prebend

text: suffragan

text: See

text: Stade

text: tithe

text: Hamburg Concathedral

text: Brunswick and Lunenburg-Celle

text: Prince-Bishopric of Verden

text: Frederick I

text: feud

text: Horneburg

text: Elbe

text: Hamburg

text: provincial synod

text: Lübeck Cathedral

text: Archdeaconry

text: Land of Wursten

text: Land of Hadeln

text: Pope Benedict XI

text: Prince-Archbishopric of Riga

text: Teutonic Prussia

text: Grand Master

text: Karl von Trier

text: Council of Vienne

text: Low German

text: provost

text: Lübeck

text: Ratzeburg

text: Schwerin

text: excommunication

text: officialis

text: bailiff

text: Langwedel

text: Hoya

text: Vörde

text: curia

text: anathema

text: Hoya

text: Diepholz

text: Stade

text: prelates

text: councillor

text: marks

text: Ditmarsh

text: Rüstringen

text: archdeaconry

text: Jever

text: Norden

text: East Frisia

text: Wildeshausen

text: Wildeshausen

text: John

text: Bremen Cathedral

text: Otto II "the Strict"

text: Brunswick and Lunenburg-Celle

text: coadjutor

text: administrator

text: Avignon

text: sede vacante

text: papal collector

text: robber baron

text: Pope John XXII

text: Burgmann

text: Ottersberg

text: Engelbert of Weyhe

text: Schleswig Cathedral

text: Jeanne II

text: Heinrich Dartsowe

text: Ratzeburg

text: cantor

text: Lübeck Cathedral

text: Vicar general

text: interdict

text: Henry II

text: St Denis Abbey

text: livres parisis

text: Burchard Grelle

text: Rüstringen

text: Nicolaus Ketelhot

text: Prince-Bishop of Verden

text: canon

text: St. Gereon's Basilica

text: Cologne

text: vicars general

text: administrators

text: town privileges

text: Hoya

text: Diepholz

categories: 13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Roman Catholic archbishops of Lund,14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,1327 deaths,Archbishops of Riga,Roman Catholic Prince-Archbishops of Bremen,13th-century Danish people,13th-century births

paragraph: Jens Grand

paragraph: Dr. Jens Grand, "the Firebug" (Low German: "Fürsate", Swedish: "Fursat") (about 1260 - 29 May 1327 in Avignon) was a Danish archbishop of Lund (1289–1302), titular Archbishop of Riga and Terra Mariana (1304–1310), and Prince-Archbishop of Bremen (as John I 1310–1327), known as the central figure of the second ecclesiastical struggle in Denmark in the late 13th century. He was an outstanding jurist of canon law.

paragraph: Grand was the son of Torbern Hvide, an officer at the Danish royal court, and of Cæcilie Skjalmsdatter, a sister of Peder Bang, Bishop of Roskilde. Bang and Cæcilie were also members of the Hvide clan, which came into conflict with the Danish throne through Stig Andersen Hvide's regicide of King Eric V "Klipping" in 1286. Grand studied at the University of Paris and received a degree as a doctor of canon law. About 1280 he gained a prebend as canon of the Roskilde Cathedral and in 1283 he advanced to the post of cathedral provost. Possibly Grand was an accomplice of the regicide. Maybe his donation of twelve prebendaries to the Roskilde Cathedral, which Pope Nicholas IV confirmed in 1288, is to be understood as an atonement for that sin. On 27 July, the same year, Ingvar Bishop of Roskilde granted Grand the castle of Selsø Slot (a part of today's Skibby).

paragraph: Section::::Grand as Archbishop of Lund.

paragraph: Grand appeared as a political figure when in 1289 the cathedral chapter of Lund elected him as archbishop. This position included the Scandinavian primacy. Even though the Danish King Eric VI "Menved" sharply protested at the Holy See, Nicholas IV confirmed Grand's election in 1290. From the start Grand firmly opposed the royal power, openly sympathising with the exiled magnates and refusing any support of the royal family. Like Lund's former Archbishop Jacob Erlandsen, whose sister was Grand's maternal grandmother, he seems to have been the supporter of an independent church without any obligations towards the State or the king. These views, which seem to have been expressed in a both daring and provoking way, made him appear to the young Eric "Menved" as a pure traitor - especially at a time of danger.

paragraph: In 1291 Grand approved himself as a jurist and decreed the new "Constitutio cum Ecclesia Daciana", asserting canon law in Denmark at the expense of royal privileges. This affront escalated in a dispute between Eric "Menved" and Grand on the investiture of Lund's dean, Thorkil, and its provost, Jakob Lange, with additional prebends. In the following year Grand initiated to set up a necrologium of the Archdiocese, an inventory recording all the dead to be clerically commemorated by Offices of the Dead and the pertaining prebends and foundations donated to account for these ceremonies. In the course of the dispute - ostensibly on the prebends Grand invested disregarding the royal say in investiture - Grand excommunicated Eric "Menved".

paragraph: In 1294, Eric "Menved" in return ordered Grand's and Lange's arrestment. Grand was imprisoned in Søborg Castle in Northern Zealand under both humiliating and unhealthy conditions. After some months in terrible conditions, Eric "Menved" sent a messenger to Grand to see if he would swear allegiance again and promise to seek no revenge for his captivity. He replied: "Rather than bend to his will, I would rather that the king sliced me apart joint by joint than submit to his commands." Pope Celestine V protested Grand's imprisonment, but in vain. Lange was held in captivity in Kalundborg castle. At the beginning of 1295 Lange managed to escape and fled to Rome pleading the new Pope Boniface VIII for help.

paragraph: On 14 December 1295, Grand too, succeeded in escaping with the help of a cook and fled to his castle Hammershus on Bornholm, whereafter he sought help from Boniface VIII. While Grand was in Rome, Eric "Menved" took his revenge by ravaging the estates of Grand and his supporters. Grand preferred a charge on Eric "Menved" at the curia, demanding a huge compensation for his arrest, the ravage of his estates, together with general royal concessions. In return Eric "Menved" accused him of disloyal behaviour and treason.

paragraph: In 1297 the curial verdict obliged Eric "Menved" to compensate Grand with a silver weight of 40,000 marks of Lund, an enormous amount at that time. When Eric "Menved" refused to provide that amount of silver, Boniface issued an interdict on Denmark and a ban on Eric "Menved", but without much effect. Both the Danish bishops and much of the people seem to have preferred a peaceful solution. The papal nuncio sent out to execute the verdict, Isarnus Tacconi (also Isarno Morlane) from Fontiès-d'Aude, archpriest of Carcassonne, came off empty-handed. In 1301 Tacconi became Prince-Archbishop of Riga.

paragraph: The Grand affair lasted from 1297 to 1302 and was a foreign political strain on the Danish government. Eric "Menved's" firm attitude, together with a half-hearted support from the church, weakened Grand's case. After a royal rapprochement to Pope Boniface VIII - negotiated by Martin (Morten Mogensen) of Dacia, canon of the Ribe Cathedral in the Ribe diocese, later Rector of the University of Paris -, the affair ended in 1302 with a reduced compensation of silver weighing 10,000 marks. In the end Eric "Menved" only provided 4,000 marks in 1304, so that then Pope Benedict XI, Boniface' successor, lifted the ban on him. As part of the deal, Grand was removed from the rich see of Lund. Grand's later career was marked by new struggles.

paragraph: Section::::Grand as Prince-Archbishop designate of Riga.

paragraph: On 3 January 1303 Boniface VIII - with effect only in 1304 - replaced Grand as Archbishop of Lund by Isarnus Tacconi, since 1301 prince-archbishop in Riga. Still in 1303 Pope Benedict XI, Boniface' successor, provided Grand with the thus vacant Prince-Archbishopric of Riga and Terra Mariana. But Grand rejected Riga's see as too poor. Instead Grand then moved to Paris, lucratively investing 2,400 livres parisis from his Danish compensation as a credit to the St Denis Abbey on the grounds that the Abbey would pay him later an annual rent of 400 livres.

paragraph: Meanwhile, Benedict XI was succeeded by Pope Clement V, who was personally acquainted with Grand. In 1310 Clement V, then residing in Poitiers, took his chance to circumvent the say of the Bremian cathedral chapter and claimed according to the new canonical ius devolutionis the right to appoint himself Grand as new Prince-Archbishop of Bremen. Grand was the first Archbishop of Bremen, who was not elected by the Chapter, thus he had no local supporters.

paragraph: On 2 June the same year, Grand was invested with the pallium in Avignon. Three weeks later Grand got the invoice, the papal treasurer demanded to pay the servitia minuta and the so-called servitium commune, the latter making up a third of the annual revenues of the See. Grand paid a servitium commune of 600 Guilders (Florins), thus Bremen's annual revenues only amounted to a 1,800 Guilders, while Lund yielded its archbishop 12,000 Guilders, and Riga, which he had doomed too poor, still brought 2,400 Guilders p.a. Maybe Grand accepted the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, because by his sister Ingefred Torbe(r)nsdatter (marr. with ) he was related to the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein, whose county belonged to the diocesan territory of Bremen.

paragraph: Section::::Grand as Prince-Archbishop of Bremen.:Situation in the Prince-Archbishopric at Grand's Arrival.

paragraph: On 17 September 1310 Bernhard, Count of Wölpe, the dean of Bremen's cathedral and "Prince-Archbishop elect" of 1307 died, after years of bowing and scraping at the curia, without ever gaining his papal confirmation. All of Northern Germany was plagued already with a famine lasting about 15 years after a series of misharvests. In addition to that law and order in the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen had fallen into decay during the three years of sede vacante. The council of the city of Bremen had usurped the jurisdiction from the prince-archiepiscopal bailiff in town. Burghers bought feudal estates in the proximity of the city, superseding knight families. This development led to the establishment of city-own countryside territory, where the city council would influence the appointment of judges within the "Gohe" (dike and drainage system venues).

paragraph: Different magnates and clerical or secular entities (such as convents, cities) had alienated the prince-archiepiscopal revenues. Knights from families of nobility or ministerialis had usurped powerful positions in the Prince-Archbishopric. While Martin von der Hude terrorised the area between the rivers Weser and Oste, Heinrich von Borch, another robber baron, covered the area eastwards thereof until the river Elbe. In 1309 the city of Bremen, John III of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst and a number of knights confederated themselves to defeat Martin von der Hude.

paragraph: Borch held the central prince-archiepiscopal Vörde Castle and the pertaining bailiwick. He abused the castle as starting point for his brigandages, earning him the epithet "Isern Hinnerk" (Iron Henry). In the same time he built his own castle "Dannensee" near Beckdorf and close to the Prince-Archbishopric's border with the Principality of Brunswick and Lüneburg-Celle. Local esquires, the city of Bremen, and many knights of the ministerialis, among them the bailiffs of Stade and of the Saxe-Lauenburgian exclave of the Land of Hadeln, formed a federation, sealed in April 1310, combining their interests to subject the brigandage with the separatist ambition of Stade's bailiff, the Count of Brobergen or Stade, being a vassal of the Prince-Archbishop, to constitute the County of Stade as a territory of imperial immediacy directly under the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. 200 armed men of the federation beleaguered the castle in Vörde and demanded "Isern Hinnerk" to leave.

paragraph: Section::::Grand Re-establishing the Order in the Prince-Archbishopric.

paragraph: In October 1310 Grand arrived in the monastery in Hude, which belonged in religious respect to his new diocese, but as to the secular reign it was part of the County of Oldenburg. From there monks and representatives of the city of Bremen accompanied him into the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. The federation welcomed him warmly and accepted Grand as Prince-Archbishop. The federation and Grand made "Isern Hinnerk" abandon the castle in Vörde, with "Isern Hinnerk" entrenching in his own castle near Beckdorf.

paragraph: Still in 1310 Grand demanded from all the clergymen within his diocese and the pertaining suffragan dioceses of Lübeck, Ratzeburg, and Schwerin the "donum charitativum" (also called subsidium caritativum) amounting to 10% of all cleric revenues, such as prebends and the like, but he spared the Bremian capitulars to win their support. At the beginning of their episcopate bishops used to levy the "donum" as a tax from their subordinate clergy including the suffragan bishops to recover the expenses necessary to buy a papal confirmation or appointment to a See. In a wide interpretation of this use, Grand demanded the city of Stade to pay a tithe as subsidium caritativum. The Bremian Subchapter at Hamburg Concathedral protested at the curia for not being spared like Bremen's Chapter and on behalf of Stade.

paragraph: Meanwhile, "Isern Hinnerk" expanded his brigandages, to robb the means to accomplish his castle. Grand excommunicated him, but "Isern Hinnerk" even spread his robberies to neighboured Brunswick and Lunenburg-Celle and the Prince-Bishopric of Verden. This brought about a coalition of Grand with Duke Otto II "the Strict" of Brunswick and Lunenburg-Celle and Prince-Bishop Frederick I inflicting a feud on "Isern Hinnerk", which would put an end to his robberies. They destroyed his castle "Dannensee", beleaguered the castle in Horneburg, where he found refuge with relatives. After a second flight Hinnerk was enjailed in Vörde in 1311. The population appreciated Grand's success, because after years of insecurity he re-established order in the Prince-Archbishopric.

paragraph: Section::::Grand's Deteriorating Relations to his Subjects and Neighboured Princes.

paragraph: The Bremian clergy south of the river Elbe yielded and paid the donum, but north of the Elbe the old rivalry with the subchapter in Hamburg resurged, demanding the same treatment as the Bremian Chapter. Grand convened for a provincial synod, but the representatives of the suffragan dioceses and Hamburg's Subchapter refused to come. Grand then decided, to ignore the complaints of the absent clergymen. To make the things worse, Grand appointed his own candidates with prebends of the Lübeck Cathedral. He disentangled the new Archdeaconry of the Land of Wursten from the existing Archdeaconry of the Land of Hadeln, so that he could provide the canon Johannes Lütke as Wursten's Archdeacon with his own prebend. On 23 November 1311 Pope Benedict XI appointed Grand as arbiter in the dispute between the Prince-Archbishopric of Riga under Prince-Archbishop and Teutonic Prussia under Grand Master Karl von Trier. At the beginning of the next year he participated in the Council of Vienne. There he was confronted with proceedings, instituted by Lübeck's Chapter on his unconsented appointments.

paragraph: When in 1312 Grand returned his clerical opponents had united. His stubbornness and invideousness earned him the Low German nickname "Fürsate" (Engl. literally: fire-seed(er), "the Firebug"). The provost of Hamburg's Subchapter refused to pay, declaring the donum to be illegal, the suffragan prince-bishops of Lübeck, of Ratzeburg, and of Schwerin assented to that view. In 1313 Clement V adjudicated Grand the subsidium caritativum from Hamburg's Subchapter, but it still refused to pay. Grand in return inflicted excommunications on his opponents. The clergy again ignored the excommunications.

paragraph: Meanwhile, Grand also fell out with the Bremian Chapter, the city of Bremen, the Bremian nobility and ministerialis, the neighboured rulers over (1) the high taxes to sanify the ruinous state budget, (2) the appointment of the former robber baron "Martin von der Hude" as officialis of the Prince-Archbishopric and bailiff of the castle in Langwedel (Count Otto II of Hoya and Count John III of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst protested, because Hude had earlier also ravaged their territories with his brigandages.), (3) a charge, preferred by the Bremian Chapter, that Grand ordered the arrest of the priest Ubbo, whom - once in jail - Grand allegedly put to death. The city of Bremen assented to the Chapter's view.

paragraph: His opponents set the settlement close to his castle in Vörde on fire and maltreated one of his clerics. In early 1314 Grand fled under acute threat of arrestment to the castle in Langwedel, held by his vassal Martin von der Hude, who was known for exploiting and maltreating the population in his bailiwick. The opposition also demanded to rehabilitate "Isarn Hinnerk".

paragraph: On 21 July 1314 Prince-Bishop Burchard, Prince-Bishop Marquard, Hamburg's Subchapter, the Chapters of the Prince-Bischoprics of Lübeck, Ratzeburg, and Schwerin concluded an alliance against Grand's immoderate tax collections. Soon after Prince-Bishop Godfrey joined the alliance. The alliance started a series of lawsuits against Grand at the curia, while Grand banned the allies with anathemata. Grand did not wait for the curia to react, but himself chose Prince-Bishop of Verden and his treasurer as judges. On 3 January 1315 they admitted the litigants to be correct and annulled Grand's anathemata. Grand ignored the judgement. This even brought together the rivalling Chapters of Bremen and Hamburg, which agreed upon a common way of proceeding in February 1315. Grand, out of funds, now incurred debts with Count John III of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst, while Grand's debtors increasingly refused to pay, playing for time, hoping Grand to be deposed soon.

paragraph: On 19 August 1314 Count Otto II of Hoya, Count John III of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst, and the Esquire of Diepholz confederated themselves against Grand. The city of Stade and the Count of Stotel later joined. The confederates and Grand appealed for an arbitration and on 6 October 1314 the arbitrators, prelates, knights and city councillors, delivered the judgement that Grand should adhere to the practices and respect the privileges, which were usual under his predessor .

paragraph: On 1 November 1314 Prince-Bishop Godfrey had died, and Grand took his revenge on the Chapter of Schwerin. He refused to consecrate , the Chapter's "Prince-Bishop elect". On 22 May 1315 Martin von der Hude informed Schwerin's Chapter, that Grand demanded 42,000 Bremian Marks in advance, then the price of a silver weight of 1,000 marks, for Hermann II's investiture. Grand requited the refusal to pay with an anathema, which he soon revoked. Meanwhile, also the city of Hamburg litigated Grand at the curia.

paragraph: Grand started travelling within the Prince-Archbishopric proper, at its fringes (such as Ditmarsh and Rüstringen) and beyond in other parts of his diocese, hastily searching for a hideout and funds to pocket. In summer 1315 Grand participated in a synod of the archdeaconry in Jever outside of the Prince-Archbishopric proper, where representatives of the Bremian Chapter threatened Grand to depose him, if he would not reside again within the boundaries of the Prince-Archbishopric, as it were his duty. The public opinion about him sharply deteriorated: A prostitute in Norden (East Frisia), a part of his diocese but outside of the Prince-Archbishopric, recognising Grand in the street, and beat him up - a very embarrassing event. He was arrested twice (once in Wildeshausen). Finally he rested in the monastery in Wildeshausen, an exclave of the Prince-Archbishopric.

paragraph: Section::::The de facto Dismissal of Grand as Prince-Archbishop of Bremen.

paragraph: On 19 May 1316 the Bremian Chapter declared Grand to be insane and appointed Duke John, scholaster (headmaster of the school of the Bremen Cathedral) and a son of Duke Otto II "the Strict" of Brunswick and Lunenburg-Celle, as coadjutor of the See and administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric. Grand travelled to Avignon and sued the Chapter, but due to the papal sede vacante no decisions were taken. Jacobus de Rota, a papal collector, who had travelled the Prince-Archbishopric in 1317, described it as a hideout of robber barons. He reported the lower clergy, nobility, ministerialis and the common people wished Grand back as Prince-Archbishop. The new Pope John XXII, who personally knew Grand and esteemed him, thus refused to depose him.

paragraph: Nevertheless, Administrator John continued to wield the power in the Prince-Archbishopric. Right after Grand's exile "Isarn Hinnerk" was rehabilitated and appointed prince-archiepiscopal Burgmann in the castle in Ottersberg and bailiff in the pertaining bailiwick. In 1317 Administrator John arbitrated reconciliation between Ditmarsh and Count Gerhard III "the Great" of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg. Administrator John put Marcellus, a priest speaking up for Grand, to death.

paragraph: Section::::Grand's interference into the Prince-Archbishopric's affairs from his exile.

paragraph: On 27 March 1318 John XXII deputed Prince-Archbishop von Pernstein, Engelbert of Weyhe, Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück, and a canon of the Schleswig Cathedral to restitute the Bremian See to Grand. They meticulously investigated the discharge of Administrator John's office. After the intercession by Queen Jeanne II of France, the Pope acquitted Administrator John of the charge with the homicide of Marcellus.

paragraph: Grand did not dare to return to the Prince-Archbishopric and therefore appointed Heinrich Dartsowe, a priest from Ratzeburg and later cantor of the Lübeck Cathedral, as his Vicar general. Dartsowe paid in return a high price for his investiture. He never entered the Prince-Archbishopric proper but mostly tried to recover the price he paid by collecting dues from the suffragan dioceses of Lübeck, Ratzeburg and Schwerin, which refused. In 1320 Dartsowe inflicted interdicts on Lübeck's Prince-Bishop Henry II and Schwerin's Prince-Bishop Hermann II, which were ordered to come to the curia to vindicate themselves. In the Prince-Archbishopric proper Administrator John wielded the power unchallenged.

paragraph: Grand meanwhile lived in Paris, where – even after an admonishment by John XXII in 1321 – the St Denis Abbey refused to pay Grand the annual rent of 400 livres parisis. The dispute was only settled in 1326. Over the years Grand, the outstanding jurist, settled the different pending disputes between him and the suffragan dioceses, other persons and entities - represented by Burchard Grelle, then archdeacon of Rüstringen – at costly compensations to be paid to Grand and largely withheld by the curia as brokerage.

paragraph: In 1322 the Bremian Chapter and the curia concluded a deal of unknown background. Administrator John was deposed, the Chapter paid 3,000 Bremian Marks for an unknown purpose, and Nicolaus Ketelhot, Prince-Bishop of Verden, and Dietrich von Xanthen, a canon of the St. Gereon's Basilica in Cologne, were appointed as new vicars general and new administrators. In 1324 Ketelhot confirmed all of Bremen's town privileges. After that he won the city of Bremen, the Bremian Chapter, Count Otto II of Hoya, Count John III of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst, and the Esquire of Diepholz to settle the feuds and uproars by a countrywide peace on 25 May 1325. Grand misgrudged Ketelhot his success and interfered by arbitrarily investing other persons as Vicars, each time pocketing an investiture fee.

paragraph: Coloured by the opinion of his enemies and opponents, Grand's reputation and legacy suffered. However, he seems to have been a man of courage, business acumen and administrative ability, firmness and of principles, but also hot-tempered, cantankerous and reckless. Even in an age of great respect of the clergy, he lacked general support. The reason of his defeat was probably also that the power of the Pope was in decline.

paragraph: Grand died on 29 May 1327 in Avignon. He was buried there the day after in the church of St. Mary. John XXII detained his residue from the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, which was highly indebted because of Grand. His estate consisted of 7,444 Guilders in cash, an additional 350 Guilders in foreign coins, a library estimated to 535 Guilders, as well as a diversity of silver tableware.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christoph Dette, "Johannes I. Grand (Fursat)", In: "Lebensläufe zwischen Elbe und Weser: Ein biographisches Lexikon", Brage Bei der Wieden and Jan Lokers (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 2002, (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vol. 16), pp. 171–175. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Konrad Elmshäuser, "Der werdende Territorialstaat der Erzbischöfe von Bremen (1236-1511): I. Die Erzbischöfe als Landesherren", in: "Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser": 3 parts, Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; No. 7), part II: Mittelalter (1995), pp. 159–189. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kai Hørby, "Velstands krise og tusind baghold: 1250–1400", In: Olaf Olsen (ed.), "Gyldendal og Politikens Danmarkshistorie": 5 vols, København: 1989. pp. 155seq., 164–170. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gottfried Lintzer, "Studien zur Geschichte Johann Grands, Erzbischofs von Bremen (1310–1327)", Hamburg: 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Riis, "J. (Johann, Jens) Grand", In: R.-H. Bautier (ed.), "Lexikon des Mittelalters": 5 vols., Munich: 1991, p. 552. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst Schubert (ed.), "Politik, Verfassung, Wirtschaft vom 9. bis zum ausgehenden 15. Jahrhundert. Geschichte Niedersachsens", Bd. II, 1. Hanover: 1997. pp. 683seq. .

description: Roman Catholic archbishop

wikidata_label: Jens Grand

wikipedia_title: Jens Grand


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categories: 1969 births,Chinese contemporary artists,Living people

paragraph: Qiu Zhijie

paragraph: Qiu Zhijie (邱志杰; born 1969) is a contemporary Chinese artist who works primarily in video and photography. Overall, Qiu's work suggests the struggle between the forces of destiny and self-assertion. Other common themes are social fragmentation and transience.

paragraph: Qiu was born in 1969 in Fujian province. In 1992, he graduated from the printmaking department at Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou. He now lives and works in Beijing.

paragraph: The artist's break-through exhibition was in 1992 with "China's New Art, Post-1989" at the Hanart Gallery and Hong Kong Arts Centre. By 1999, his work began receiving overseas interest with his inclusion in "Revolutionary Capitals: Beijing-London" at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London. In 2007 he had his first solo exhibition in the United States at the New York gallery Chambers Fine Art.

paragraph: In 2005, his work was exhibited in the Victoria and Albert Museum's "Between Past And Future: New Photography And Video From China", including "Tattoo 1", which explores Qiu's assertion that in our media-saturated age, "signs and codes have overpowered actual human beings, and our bodies have become merely their vehicles." The character bu — meaning "no" — is written across the artist's body and on the wall behind him, creating the illusion that it floats free of the body.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Qiu was born in 1969 in Fujian province, China. He graduated from the printmaking department of the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, Hangzhou in 1992. Soon after, he was developing his technical and conceptual skills, as seen in his graduate work "A New Life" (1992). The installation featured 16 glass panels of different sizes on which texts, slogans, and figures were printed. The installation create a translucent labyrinth from these panels, which allowed the audience to take part in the work as their bodies filled the clear sections of the glass panels. Qiu's work in "A New Life" developed the basis for later works including "Bathroom" (1997) and his "Tattoo" series (1994). The "Tattoo" series in particular further explored the concept of free-floating symbols and words that were imposed on the individual. The imposition of the external world onto the individual for better or worse is also featured in his "Rainbow" photography series.

paragraph: Beyond symbols, icons, and external pressures, Qiu has explored the concept of transience in many of his works. His "Baguo" series of photographs, for instance, displays scenes of streets with market stalls and buildings, but the streets are filled with ghostly half-transparent roaming figures. These "ghosts" imply a sense that they are coming and going but never stationary enough to make a lasting impression, as the buildings have. His "Propagator in the Darkness" lithograph also presents this theme. The lithograph displays a skeleton shouting through a megaphone inside a bell. Regarding this work, Qiu has said "No one can see him or hear him, but he's still showing his propaganda slogan. For me this is about sounds disappearing, about the past disappearing. Whether it's good or not, we don't know. It's quite a complicated feeling."

paragraph: According to Qiu in an interview from 2001, the most significant turning point in his career was his work producing the installation "Public Life/Glass Toilet" (1994), which led to an ongoing interest in revealing the otherwise obscured practices of art production.

paragraph: Qiu is an accomplished author of Art theory books. his published books include as “Image and Post-modernism”, “Give Me A Mask”, “The Boundary of Freedom”, “The Scene is Most Important”, “Photography After Photography”, and “Basic Course in Total Art Creation”.

paragraph: Qiu is currently a professor at the School of Inter-media Art of China Art Academy, the Director of Total Art Studio and member of the supervisor team in the Art and Social Thoughts Institute. He also curated "Phenomena and Image" in 1996, a series of exhibitions with the theme of “Post-sense Sensibility” between 1999 and 2004, “Long March, A Walking Visual Display” in 2002, and the video portion of the First Guangzhou Triennial and “Archeology of Future: The Second Triennial of Chinese Art” in 2005.

paragraph: Qiu has been teaching in the Total Art Studio of China Academy of Art since 2003. He has proposed ways to develop the concept of “total art” in both formal academic and professional contexts.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: The following is a list of solo exhibitions that Qiu has created. He has participated in many more exhibitions in groups.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - Qiu Zhijie: Living Writing. 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa, Kanazawa, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - Qiu Zhijie: DEJA VU. Hanart TZ Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - Mochou. Chambers Fine Art, New York City, United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - A Suicidology of The Nanjing Yangzi River Bridge 3 - Breaking through the ice. UCCA, Beijing

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - A Suicidology of The Nanjing Yangzi River Bridge 1 -Ataraxic of Zhuang Zi. Shanghai Zendai Museum of Modern Art, Shanghai

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - A Suicidology of The Nanjing Yangzi River Bridge 1. The Singapore Tyler Print Institute, Singapore

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - The Bridge, Nanjing, Under the Heaven. The Singapore Tyler Print Institute, Singapore

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - Mochou. Chambers Fine Art, Beijing

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - The Bridge, Nanjing, Under the Heaven. Hanart Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - Nanjing : A bridge, A City. Guanxiang Art Center, Taipei

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - The Shape of Time. Chambers Fine Art, New York City, United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - Cryptogram. Hanart Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - Archeology of Memory. Long March Space, Beijing

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - Let there be Light. Grace Li Gallery, Zurich, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - Light and Words. Hanart TZ Gallery, Hong Kong

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - Melancholy Man. Gallery Loft, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - Black and White Zoo. Gallery of Dartington Art Academy, United Kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - Social Portrait. Courtyard Gallery, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003-2004 - Asian Parallel Times. Hong Kong Art Museum, Hong Kong, Casa Asia, Barcelona, Spain, & Shenzhen Art Institute, Shenzhen, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - UFO: Qiu Zhijie's Photography/Calligraphy. Gallery Loft, Paris, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - Qiu Zhijie. Gallery Gen, Koshigaya, Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - Invisibility: Qiu Zhijie. Ethan Cohen Fine Arts, New York City, United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 - Touch. Orient Foundation, Macau

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - Calendar 1998. Gallery of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - Innate Forces – Mixed Media: Works by Qiu Zhijie. Art Beatus Gallery, Vancouver, Canada

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 - Logic: 5 Video-Installations. Gallery of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing, China

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yang Fudong

paragraph: BULLET::::- Feng Mengbo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Huang Yong Ping

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shen Qibin

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal homepage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Experimenta article on contemporary Chinese art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qiu Zhijie: Twilight of the Idols

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Qiu Zhijie - The Ullens Collection

description: Chinese artist

wikidata_label: Qiu Zhijie

wikipedia_title: Qiu Zhijie


text:
silent film
Terre Haute, Indiana
Holyoke, Massachusetts
Keith-Albee-Orpheum
vaudeville
Hollywood
Chicago
Edgar Selwyn
William S. Hart
Triangle Film Corporation
Thomas Harper Ince
ingénues.
vamp
William Conklin
Rudolph Valentino
Moran of the Lady Letty
H.B. Warner
Morris Gest
Broadway
The Country Wife
Lew Cody
Arthur Hammerstein
Oscar Hammerstein II
Oscar Hammerstein I
Scarsdale, New York
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Vine Street
Photographs and literature

categories: Vaudeville performers,American film actresses,People from Scarsdale, New York,Actresses from Chicago,American stage actresses,American silent film actresses,1893 births,1972 deaths

paragraph: Dorothy Dalton

paragraph: Dorothy Dalton (September 22, 1893 – April 13, 1972) was an American silent film actress and stage personality who worked her way from a stock company to a movie career. Beginning in 1910, Dalton was a player in stock companies in Chicago, Terre Haute, Indiana and Holyoke, Massachusetts. She joined the Keith-Albee-Orpheum Corporation vaudeville circuits. By 1914 she was working in Hollywood.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Chicago, Dalton made her movie debut in 1914 in "Pierre of the Plains", co-starring Edgar Selwyn, followed by the lead role in "Across the Pacific" that same year. In 1915, she appeared with William S. Hart in "The Disciple". This production came before she left Triangle Film Corporation and was signed to Thomas Harper Ince Studios. While Ince meant to cast her in mature roles, she had preferred to play ingénues.

paragraph: Her role in "The Disciple," however, in which she attracts a man who is not her husband, led to her being cast as a vamp. Her vamp, however, was untraditional in that she vamped unconsciously; in the words of Kay Anthony, "Not because she wanted people to think she was a full-fledged shatterer of hearts before the camera did she make pulses beat hard and fast, but because she couldn't help it: 'I guess I just must have been born that way!'" Ince's company was operative from 1919 until his death in 1924. With Ince, she played in "The Price Mark" and "Love Letters", both co-starring William Conklin. Dalton also performed with Rudolph Valentino in "Moran of the Lady Letty" (1922), and with H.B. Warner in "The Flame of the Yukon" (1917) and "The Vagabond Prince" (1916). Dalton's stage career included performances as Chrysis in "Aphrodite" by Morris Gest in 1920 and on Broadway in "The Country Wife".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and death.

paragraph: Dalton was first married to actor Lew Cody (lead actor in the Broadway version of "Pierre of the Plains") in 1910, divorcing him in 1911 then remarrying him in 1913 and divorcing him again in 1914. In 1924 she married theatrical producer Arthur Hammerstein, uncle of lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II and son of impresario Oscar Hammerstein I. After this marriage, Dalton acted infrequently. Arthur Hammerstein died in 1955.

paragraph: Dorothy Dalton died in 1972, age 78, at her home in Scarsdale, New York. For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Dorothy Dalton has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1560 Vine Street.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photographs and literature

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Dorothy Dalton

wikipedia_title: Dorothy Dalton


text:
football
Aston Villa
European Cup
1982
cap
Scotland national team
Aberchirder
Banffshire
Banff
Highland League
Deveronvale
Hibernian
Scotland
Kenny Dalglish
Switzerland
Aston Villa
the Football League
European Cup
Ron Saunders
Birmingham City
First Division
Second Division
Third Division
Fulham
Walsall
Stafford Rangers
Professional Footballers' Association
Kevin
Scottish Football League
Scottish League Cup
1974–75
Scottish Cup
1978–79
English Football League
1980–81
European Cup
1981–82
European Super Cup
1982
Intercontinental Cup
Second Division
1984–85

categories: Scotland under-23 international footballers,Scottish footballers,Sutton Town A.F.C. players,Walsall F.C. players,Scottish Football League players,Scottish Football League representative players,Hibernian F.C. players,Deveronvale F.C. players,1952 births,Fulham F.C. players,Scotland international footballers,Aston Villa F.C. players,Birmingham City F.C. players,English Football League players,Stafford Rangers F.C. players,Living people,Association football midfielders

paragraph: Des Bremner

paragraph: Desmond George Bremner (born 7 September 1952) is a Scottish former professional football midfielder. He made more than 600 league appearances for clubs in both Scotland and England, was a member of Aston Villa's European Cup-winning team of 1982, and was capped for the Scotland national team.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Aberchirder, Banffshire, Bremner began his football career with Banff-based Highland League club Deveronvale before joining Hibernian in 1971, turning professional in November 1972. He made his only appearance for Scotland while with Hibs in March 1976, coming on as a substitute for Kenny Dalglish in the game against Switzerland.

paragraph: He moved to Aston Villa in 1979 for a fee of £275,000 and quickly settled as a regular in the side. In his second season with the club he was an ever-present as they took the Football League title, their first for 71 years. The following season Bremner was a member of Villa's European Cup-winning side.

paragraph: He left the club in September 1984, rejoining his former Villa manager Ron Saunders, who by then was managing local rivals Birmingham City. He helped Birmingham to promotion back to the First Division, relegation back to the Second Division the following season, and a further relegation to the Third Division before moving to Fulham on a free transfer in August 1989. He joined Walsall in March 1990 on non-contract terms and subsequently played for Stafford Rangers before retiring in 1991.

paragraph: After retiring as a player he worked for the Professional Footballers' Association, subsequently becoming the managing director of the financial division of the organisation.

paragraph: His brother Kevin was also a professional footballer.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1 full cap, 9 Under-23 caps

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Football League representative

paragraph: Hibernian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish League Cup finalists: 1974–75

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Cup finalists: 1978–79

paragraph: Aston Villa

paragraph: BULLET::::- English Football League champions: 1980–81

paragraph: BULLET::::- European Cup: 1981–82

paragraph: BULLET::::- European Super Cup: 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Intercontinental Cup runners-up: 1982

paragraph: Birmingham City

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Division runners-up: 1984–85

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Sources

description: Scottish footballer

wikidata_label: Des Bremner

wikipedia_title: Des Bremner


text: King of Castile

text: Galicia

text: León

text: Zamora

text: Ferdinand the Great

text: Sancha of León

text: William of Poitiers

text: William I, king of England

text: Imperator totius Hispaniae

text: Alfonso

text: García

text: Taifa

text: Urraca

text: Zamora

text: Elvira

text: Toro

text: enclaved

text: Sancho IV of Navarre

text: Sancho of Aragon

text: War of the Three Sanchos

text: Bureba

text: Alta Rioja

text: Álava

text: García

text: Bermudo III of León

text: Taifa of Badajoz

text: client state

text: Battle of Llantada

text: Taifa of Seville

text: alférez

text: El Cid

text: Battle of Golpejera

text: Taifa of Toledo

text: San Salvador de Oña

categories: Galician monarchs,11th-century murdered monarchs,1030s births,1072 deaths,Leonese monarchs,11th-century Castilian monarchs,Assassinated Spanish people

paragraph: Sancho II of Castile and León

paragraph: Sancho II (1036/1038 – 7 October 1072), called the Strong ("el Fuerte"), was King of Castile (1065–72), Galicia (1071–72) and León (1072).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Born at Zamora, Sancho was the eldest son of Ferdinand the Great and Sancha of León. He was married to Alberta, known by name only from her appearance as Sancho's queen in contemporary charters. Chronicler William of Poitiers related that competition for the hand of a daughter of William I, king of England led to strife between two sons of Ferdinand I, and some historians have thus speculated that Sancho's wife, with her non-Iberian name, may have been the daughter in question. However, two later Norman chroniclers report that it was instead the betrothed of Alfonso VI, and not Sancho's wife Alberta, who was William's daughter.

paragraph: After Ferdinand the Great defeated and killed his wife's brother in battle, Ferdinand was crowned King of and called himself "Imperator totius Hispaniae" ("Emperor of all Spain"). When the kingdom was divided following Ferdinand's death in 1065, Sancho succeeded his father as King of Castile, while Sancho's younger brother Alfonso become King of León and his youngest brother García became king of the reestablished Kingdom of Galicia (partitioned from León). Each of the brothers was also assigned a sphere of influence among the Taifa states. Ferdinand also granted some holdings to his two daughters, giving Urraca control of the city of Zamora and Elvira the city of Toro, both enclaved within Alfonso's Kingdom of León.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: In 1068, Sancho defeated his cousins Sancho IV of Navarre and Sancho of Aragon in the War of the Three Sanchos. This expanded his Kingdom of Castile with the reconquered land of Bureba, Alta Rioja, and Álava, which his father had given to Sancho IV's father, García, for his support in defeating Bermudo III of León. The same year, Alfonso invaded the Taifa of Badajoz, a client state of brother Garcia's Kingdom of Galicia. Sancho, concerned that Alfonso had intentions on conquering his brothers, defeated Alfonso at the Battle of Llantada, reinstating the status quo. Sancho would develop his own appetite for his youngest brother's kingdom: teaming up with Alfonso in 1071, Sancho marched across León to conquer García's northern lands at the time that Alfonso was in the southern part of the Galician realm issuing charters. García fled to exile in Taifa of Seville, while his older brothers partitioned the Kingdom of Galicia between them.

paragraph: Sancho soon turned on Alfonso. In 1072, with the aid of his "alférez" El Cid, he defeated Alfonso at the Battle of Golpejera, who fled into exile in the Taifa of Toledo. Sancho was crowned King of León on 12 January 1072, simultaneously holding all three crowns that Ferdinand had distributed to his sons only six years earlier. Toro, the city of Sancho's sister Elvira, fell easily in 1072. But in a siege of sister Urraca's better-defended city of Zamora, Sancho was stalled. A Zamoran noble, Vellido Adolfo (also known as Bellido Dolfos), entered Sancho's camp pretending to be a deserter, seeking a private conference with Sancho to tell him the weaknesses in the Zamoran defence. Once before Sancho, Vellido assassinated him, using Sancho's own sword to impale him in the back. Vellido was chased back to Zamora by El Cid, but escaped into the town through a gateway since called "Portillo del Traidor" ("Gateway of the Traitor"). Sancho was succeeded in his kingdoms by the brother he had previously deposed, Alfonso. García, induced to return from exile, was imprisoned by Alfonso for life, leaving Alfonso in uncontested control of the reunited territories of their father, later taking on their father's title "Emperor of all Spain". Sancho was buried in San Salvador de Oña.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia", ed. E. Michael Gerli, Routledge, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Milo Kearney and Manuel Medrano, "Medieval Culture and the Mexican American Borderlands", Texas A&M University Press, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard F. Reilly, 1988. "The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109". Princeton: Princeton University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard F. Reilly, "The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031-1157", Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jaime de Salazar y Acha, 1992–1993. "Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial", "Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía", vol. 2, pp. 299–336.

description: King of Leon and Castile

wikidata_label: Sancho II of León and Castile

wikipedia_title: Sancho II of Castile and León


text: outfielder

text: Major League Baseball

text: Florida Marlins

text: Boston Red Sox

text: Oakland Athletics

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: San Diego Padres

text: Nippon Professional Baseball

text: Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters

text: Wheeler High School

text: Marietta, Georgia

text: 2002 Major League Baseball draft

text: minor league

text: minor league baseball

text: Miguel Cabrera

text: Braves

text: rookie

text: Jeff Francoeur

text: Atlanta

text: Carolina Mudcats

text: Florida Marlins

text: grand slam

text: first major league at-bat

text: Bill Duggleby

text: Kevin Kouzmanoff

text: Daniel Nava

text: pinch hitter

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Al Reyes

text: Elias Sports Bureau

text: pitcher

text: Bill Duggleby

text: Philadelphia Phillies

text: New York Giants

text: pitcher

text: Kevin Kouzmanoff

text: Cleveland Indians

text: Edinson Vólquez

text: Adrián Beltré

text: Bobby Bonds

text: San Francisco Giants

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: reliever

text: John Purdin

text: Candlestick Park

text: Brandon Crawford

text: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Shaun Marcum

text: right fielder

text: errors

text: fielding percentage

text: Hunter Jones

text: Oakland Athletics

text: Sacramento

text: spring training

text: Louisville Bats

text: Juan Francisco

text: Fred Lewis

text: Tucson Padres

text: Cleveland Indians

text: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters

text: Nippon Professional Baseball

categories: Albuquerque Isotopes players,Sportspeople from Marietta, Georgia,Major League Baseball outfielders,Cincinnati Reds players,Carolina Mudcats players,Jamestown Jammers players,Tucson Padres players,Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state),Louisville Bats players,Pawtucket Red Sox players,Columbus Clippers players,Boston Red Sox players,1984 births,Sportspeople from Atlanta,Portland Sea Dogs players,Greensboro Bats players,Living people,Nashville Sounds players,Jupiter Hammerheads players,Florida Marlins players,San Diego Padres players,Gulf Coast Marlins players,Sacramento River Cats players,All-Star Futures Game players,Oakland Athletics players

paragraph: Jeremy Hermida

paragraph: Jeremy Ryan Hermida (born January 30, 1984) is a former professional baseball outfielder. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida Marlins, Boston Red Sox, Oakland Athletics, Cincinnati Reds and San Diego Padres, and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters. He bats left-handed and throws right-handed.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.:Early career.

paragraph: After graduating from Wheeler High School in Marietta, Georgia, Hermida was the Marlins' No. 1 draft pick (11th overall) in the 2002 Major League Baseball draft, signed by Marlin scout, Joel Smith. He was one of the highest-rated minor league players that season, Hermida was a rising star in minor league baseball before being brought up. The Marlins were not looking for him to make a significant contribution the way Miguel Cabrera did when he was brought up from Double-A in June 2003, but Hermida has been compared to Braves' rookie Jeff Francoeur ever since the two were 14 years old growing up in the Atlanta area. Although the major difference between the two players is Hermida's eye for the strike zone, Hermida is one of the rare few in the minor leagues who was encouraged to swing more and walk less.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.:Florida Marlins.

paragraph: Called up from the Double-A Carolina Mudcats, Hermida made his major league debut with the Florida Marlins on August 31, 2005. The Marlins promoted Hermida before September 1 so that he would be eligible to be on the Marlins' postseason roster, however the Marlins, who led the wild-card race on September 13, lost 12 of their next 14 games and were eliminated from postseason contention. In his debut, Hermida became the second of only four players in history to hit a grand slam in his first major league at-bat, after Bill Duggleby in 1898, and followed by Kevin Kouzmanoff in 2006 and Daniel Nava in 2010. Hermida is the only player to accomplish this feat as a pinch hitter, coming off St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Al Reyes.

paragraph: According to the Elias Sports Bureau, the only other player with a grand slam in his first major league at-bat was pitcher Bill Duggleby, who did it for the Philadelphia Phillies at home against the New York Giants in the second inning on April 21, 1898. Duggleby was the winning pitcher that day. However, since then Kevin Kouzmanoff, while on the Cleveland Indians, hit a grand slam on the first pitch of his first major league at-bat against Edinson Vólquez, and Daniel Nava of the Red Sox hit a grand slam on the first pitch of his first major league at-bat against Joe Blanton. (Nava was playing left field for Boston in part because of an injury to Hermida, who was injured in a collision with third baseman Adrián Beltré.) Bobby Bonds of the San Francisco Giants also hit a slam in his first game off Los Angeles Dodgers reliever John Purdin, doing so in his third plate appearance on June 25, 1968, at Candlestick Park, as did the Giants' Brandon Crawford in the third at-bat of his debut May 27, 2011, off Milwaukee Brewers pitcher Shaun Marcum.

paragraph: In 2007, he led all Major League right fielders in errors, with 9, and had the lowest fielding percentage among them, .966.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.:Boston Red Sox.

paragraph: On November 5, 2009, Hermida was traded to the Boston Red Sox for left-handed minor league pitchers Hunter Jones and Jose Alvarez. Hermida played 52 games for the Red Sox in 2010, including 41 starts in left field, batting .203 in 158 at-bats.

paragraph: On July 31, 2010, Hermida was designated for assignment. On August 31, Hermida was released.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.:Oakland Athletics.

paragraph: On September 3, 2010, Hermida signed a minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics and appeared in a few games at Triple-A Sacramento before being called to the parent club, where he played in 21 games through the end of the season. He declared for free agency on October 12.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.:Cincinnati Reds.

paragraph: Hermida signed a minor league contract with the Cincinnati Reds on January 4, 2011 with an invitation to spring training, where Hermida competed for a spot on the bench as a left-handed batter/backup outfielder. Hermida started the season with the Reds' AAA team, the Louisville Bats. On April 18, he was added to the Reds 40-man roster and called up to the Reds after Juan Francisco was put on the disabled list. Hermida played in 10 games before being sent back down to Triple-A on May 4 when Fred Lewis came off the disabled list. Hermida spent the rest of the season in Louisville, where he was named an International League midseason All-Star.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.:San Diego Padres.

paragraph: On August 31, 2011, the Padres claimed Hermida off waivers from the Reds. Hermida finished 2011 with 7 walks and 9 hits, including 1 home run, in 48 plate appearances for the Padres.

paragraph: Hermida appeared in 13 games for the Padres in April 2012, picking up 6 hits in 24 at-bats. A strained abductor muscle sent him to the disabled list on April 27. After missing two months on the DL, he finished his season with the Triple-A Tucson Padres, posting a .252/.318/.358 line in 151 at-bats. On August 22, he was designated for assignment to clear room on the 40-man roster. He was released on August 28, becoming a free agent.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.:Cleveland Indians.

paragraph: On February 4, 2013, the Cleveland Indians signed Hermida to a minor league contract.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.:Milwaukee Brewers.

paragraph: On January 25, 2014, the Milwaukee Brewers signed Hermida to a minor league deal.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.:Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters.

paragraph: On December 12, 2014, he was released by the Brewers and signed with the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters of Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He became a free agent after the 2015 season.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of players with a home run in first major league at-bat

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Jeremy Hermida

wikipedia_title: Jeremy Hermida


text: CM

text: Canadian

text: Harry Rosen Inc.

text: Toronto

text: Callander, Ontario

text: cloth manufacturing

text: Harry Rosen Inc.

text: Cabbagetown, Toronto

text: The Globe and Mail

text: Fashion Group International

text: mannequin

text: Winnipeg

text: Winnipeg Free Press

text: Obituary

text: Larry

text: Harry Rosen Inc.

text: University of Western Ontario

text: Canadian Cancer Society

text: United Way of Canada

text: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

text: Retail Council of Canada

text: Ryerson University

text: Order of Canada

text: Harry Rosen Bio

text: Harry Rosen Consulting

text: Men's wear proved perfect fit for Rosen

categories: 1931 births,Jewish Canadian philanthropists,Canadian businesspeople,Businesspeople from Toronto,Living people

paragraph: Harry Rosen

paragraph: Harry Rosen, CM (born 1931) is the founder and executive chairman of the Canadian luxury men's wear store Harry Rosen Inc., which in 2015 was Canada's largest upscale menswear retailer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born and raised in Toronto, Rosen lived for a short time in Callander, Ontario. As a teenager he found a job at a men's haberdashery shop. There he learned about the composition of clothing and, more importantly, about men's shopping habits.

paragraph: After dropping out of high school he borrowed $500 and opened a men's clothing store.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: With help from a family friend and connections in the cloth manufacturing business, he opened Harry Rosen Inc., on February 4, 1954 in Cabbagetown, Toronto, with his brother Lou.

paragraph: In 1961, the store moved to Toronto's downtown core on Richmond Street. That year Rosen met Stann Burkhoff, an advertising executive, and Burkhoff agreed to do some ads for the store in exchange for two suits — one for him and one for his art director. Together, they developed the 'Ask Harry' campaign. These ads ran in Canada's national newspaper, "The Globe and Mail". It was so successful that people from across the country began coming to Harry Rosen.

paragraph: In 2016, Rosen was presented with a Fashion Visionary Award by Fashion Group International.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Novel advertisements.

paragraph: Rosen frequently appeared in store advertisements in partnership with The Globe and Mail. One ad features Rosen having just locked up his store for the evening, when he notices one of his window mannequins reading the Globe and Mail; Rosen is also carrying a copy in his arm while there is also one of the newspaper's vending boxes in the background of the street.

paragraph: Upon spelling the name of Winnipeg wrong after opening the city's first store there, Rosen later took out an ad in the "Winnipeg Free Press" saying "I will not spell Winnipegger as "Winnippegger".

paragraph: When the original main store was burned down, Rosen took out an ad which was almost mistaken for an Obituary.

paragraph: Rosen's ads based on political figures have sometimes been controversial.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Rosen has been married to his wife, Evelyn, for over 60 years. They have 4 children and 9 grandchildren. His eldest son, Larry, is the CEO of Harry Rosen Inc.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.:Philanthropy.

paragraph: Rosen has been active in the Canadian Paraplegic Association, Corporate Fund for Breast Cancer, Cancer Care Fund, Mount Sinai Friends for Life Campaign, Ryerson University Board of Governors, George Brown Board of Governors, University of Western Ontario Board of Governors, oDesign Exchange. He served a three-year term as Campaign Chairman for the Canadian Cancer Society, Metropolitan Toronto.

paragraph: In 2004, he served on the Mt. Sinai Board of Governors, Ryerson B.Com program in retailing advisory board and on the Cabinet of Major Individual Gifts for the United Way of Canada.

paragraph: He appeared in a promotional campaign for the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health to promote services for those affected by addiction and mental health issues in the Toronto area.

paragraph: In April 2010 he was honoured at a fundraising event for The University Health Network called "Hats Off To Harry"

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 — Retail Marketer of the Year by the Retail Council of Canada

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 — Retail Council of Canada's Lifetime Achievement Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 — Honorary Doctorate in Commerce, Ryerson University

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 — Order of Canada.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 — the Pitti Immagine Uomo Award from the Italian fashion community

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry Rosen Bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry Rosen Consulting

paragraph: BULLET::::- Men's wear proved perfect fit for Rosen

description: Founder and Executive Chairman of Harry Rosen Inc.

wikidata_label: Harry Rosen

wikipedia_title: Harry Rosen


text:
21st Dynasty
Ancient Egypt
Pharaoh
Meshwesh
Ancient Libya
Manetho
Shoshenq A
Ma
Nimlot A
Shoshenq I
22nd Dynasty
Eric Young
Shemu
Siamun
Jean Yoyotte
Karimala
Semna
Siamun
Psusennes II
Viceroy of Kush
Nubia
faience
seal
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
Leiden
Osorkon IV
throne name

categories: Pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt,10th century BC in Egypt,10th-century BC Pharaohs

paragraph: Osorkon the Elder

paragraph: Aakheperre Setepenre Osorkon the Elder was the fifth king of the 21st Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and was the first Pharaoh of Meshwesh (Ancient Libyan) origin. He is also sometimes known as Osochor, following Manetho's "Aegyptiaca".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Osorkon the Elder was the son of Shoshenq A, the "Great Chief of the Ma" by the latter's wife Mehtenweshkhet A who is given the prestigious title of 'King's Mother' in a document. Osorkon was the brother of Nimlot A, the Great Chief of the Ma, and Tentshepeh A the daughter of the Great Chief of the Ma and, thus, an uncle of Shoshenq I, founder of the 22nd Dynasty. His existence was doubted by most scholars until Eric Young established in 1963 that the induction of a temple priest named Nespaneferhor in "Year 2 I Shemu day 20" under a certain king named Aakheperre Setepenre—in fragment 3B, line 1-3 of the Karnak Priest Annals —occurred one generation prior to the induction of Hori, Nespaneferhor's son, in Year 17 of Siamun, which is also recorded in the same annals. Young argued that this king Aakheperre Setepenre was the unknown Osochor. This hypothesis was not fully accepted by all Egyptologists at that time, however.

paragraph: Then, in a 1976-77 paper, Jean Yoyotte noted that a Libyan king named Osorkon was the son of Shoshenq A by the Lady Mehtenweshkhet A, with Mehtenweshkhet being explicitly titled the "King's Mother" in a certain genealogical document. Since none of the other kings named Osorkon had a mother named Mehtenweshkhet, it was conclusively established that Aakheperre Setepenre was indeed Manetho's Osochor, whose mother was Mehtenweshkhet. The Lady Mehtenweshkhet A was also the mother of Nimlot A, Great Chief of the Meshwesh and, thus, Shoshenq I's grandmother.

paragraph: In 1999 Chris Bennett made a case for a Queen Karimala known from an inscription in the temple of Semna being his daughter. She is called both 'King's Daughter" and "King's Wife". Her name suggests she may have been Libyan. Given the date of the inscription (a year 14), she might have been the queen of either king Siamun or king Psusennes II. Bennett prefers a marriage to Siamun, because in that case she could have taken over the position of the Viceroy of Kush, Neskhons, as a religious figurehead in Nubia after the death of the latter in year 5 of king Siamun.

paragraph: A faience seal and a block naming a king Osorkon with the names "Aakheperre Setepenamun, Osorkon Meryamun", both in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden, were for a long time attributed to Osorkon IV; however, this attribution has been challenged by Frederic Payraudeau in 2000, who pointed out that those objects more likely referred to Osorkon the Elder. This would lead to the attribution to his throne name "Aakheperre" both the epithets "Setepenre" and "Setepenamun".

paragraph: Section::::Osorkon's time-line.

paragraph: Based on a calculation of the aforementioned Year 2 lunar date of this king – which Rolf Krauss in an astronomical calculation has shown to correspond to 990 BC – Osorkon the Elder must have become king 2 years before the induction of Nespaneferhor in 992 BC.

paragraph: Osorkon the Elder's reign is significant because it foreshadows the coming the Libyan 22nd Dynasty. He is credited with a reign of six years in Manetho's "Aegyptiaca" and was succeeded in power by Siamun, who was either Osorkon's son or an unrelated native Egyptian.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Osorkon the Elder

wikipedia_title: Osorkon the Elder


text:
Almost You
Hallwalls, Buffalo N.Y. 1980
Marty Watt at Painted Bride
It Really Slits My Throat
Almost You
Soundcloud poetry files

categories: American spoken word artists,American musicians,1952 births,American male film actors,American male musicians,American performance artists,Living people,American male poets

paragraph: Marty Watt

paragraph: Martin “Marty” Watt (born 1952) is an American performer and actor who played a pivotal role in the development of “performance poetry” in the early 1970s. In the late 70s and 80s, he moved increasingly into music and motion pictures.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Watt was born into a working-class family in the Fairmount neighborhood of Philadelphia. His father, Martin, was a civil servant, and his mother, Claire, was a housewife and semi-professional lounge singer.

paragraph: He attended Frankford High School in Philadelphia, but left before graduating to pursue a career in the arts. Interested in poetry from an early age, Watt had begun composing his own poems, influenced by such authors as "...Keats, Shakespeare, and the old anonymous ballads" rather than by the Beat Generation poets so in vogue at the time.

paragraph: Watt published intermittently throughout the early and mid-1970s in independent Philadelphia magazines and literary journals such as CONTACT, where his work appeared alongside that of Ted Berrigan, Tom Pickard and Otis Brown. But it was for his live performances that Watt gained wider notoriety. Initially in his native Philadelphia, but later in Washington and New York, Watt built a steady following and drew strong reviews for shows which challenged audience expectations as to what a “poetry reading” was.

paragraph: Alan Kriegsman of The Washington Post said Watt “created an unclassifiable format of his own. Part recital, part sideshow, part seance. To call it a poetry reading would be like calling King Kong a nature film.”

paragraph: His performances displayed an interest in stagecraft seldom seen in the conventional poetry reading- sound effects, lighting effects, specially built sets, props, costume design, as well as the occasional use of backup “singers”-all used in accompaniment to Watt's recital from memory, sometimes delivered rapidfire, other times resembling the apparent loose spontaneity of a stand-up comedian.

paragraph: In Philadelphia, Watt had successful runs at Etage, the Mask and Wig Club, the Wilma Theater, and the Painted Bride, among others. In Washington D.C. he appeared at the Washington Project for the Arts in late January 1976, the three night series of performances being praised in both the Washington Post and the (now defunct) Washington Star.

paragraph: As he increasingly integrated music into his performances, Watt ultimately formed a band with a number of Philadelphia musicians. Part of New York's “no wave” school, and influenced by Jamaican “Dub-style” reggae vocalists, the band was fronted by Watt and included an evolving series of musicians, (among them Paul Dugan, Hank Ransome, and Chris Larkin) They performed under various names in New York and Philadelphia area venues, and recorded one never released album.

paragraph: The band's material was based on poems, or fragments of same, written by Watt and set to music composed by various other components of the band.

paragraph: In 1982, Watt collaborated with painter and graphic artist Matt Marello on "Marty Watt Is Not Matt Marello and Vice Verse" (Wax Bean/Go Home Productions, 1982), a book of Watt poems illustrated by Marello.

paragraph: In 1985, Watt starred in the motion picture Almost You, a romantic comedy set in New York. The film included the performance of one of Watt's own poems, “It Really Slits My Throat”. Watt also wrote the lyrics to the film's closing credit theme “Closer to Near Than Far.”

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hallwalls, Buffalo N.Y. 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marty Watt at Painted Bride Philadelphia Underground Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- It Really Slits My Throat from Almost You

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soundcloud poetry files

description: Poet and actor

wikidata_label: Marty Watt

wikipedia_title: Marty Watt