text: Raleigh, North Carolina

text: Charles Baskerville

text: New York

text: Cornell University

text: World War I

text: Rainbow Division

text: Scribner's Magazine

text: The New Yorker

text: World War II

text: US Army Air Force

text: Legion of Merit

text: Henry H. Arnold

text: Jawaharlal Nehru

text: Bernard Baruch

text: William S. Paley

text: Wallis Simpson

text: Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney

text: Paul Mellon

text: Richard Rodgers

text: Helen Hayes

text: Himalayas

text: King of Nepal

text: United States Congress

text: Manhattan

categories: 1896 births,The New Yorker people,Cornell University alumni,People from Raleigh, North Carolina,1994 deaths,American painters,Recipients of the Silver Star

paragraph: Charles Baskerville (painter)

paragraph: Charles Baskerville, Jr (1896 - 1994) was an American artist.

paragraph: Baskerville was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, the son of Charles Baskerville and Mary Boykin Shaw. He moved to New York with his family. He later studied at Cornell University, where he was the art director for the university yearbook and "The Cornell University Widow", a satire magazine. His studies were interrupted by World War I, in which he served as a lieutenant in the Rainbow Division and earned a Silver Star for gallantry. While convalescing from a wound, he made sketches of his fellow soldiers; some of these sketches were published in Scribner's Magazine.

paragraph: After the war, he returned to Cornell, where he joined Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity. He graduated in 1919. He wrote a popular nightclub column for The New Yorker under the pseudonym of "Top Hat", while also working as a portrait painter. His art career was again interrupted, this time by World War II, in which he served as a lieutenant colonel in the US Army Air Force; he was the Air Force's official portrait painter and was awarded the Legion of Merit by General Henry H. Arnold.

paragraph: He is described as "an old-school portrait painter... [who] never owned a camera in his life". Among the subjects of his portraits were Jawaharlal Nehru, Bernard Baruch, William S. Paley, Wallis Simpson, Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, Paul Mellon, Richard Rodgers, and Helen Hayes. He once trekked through the Himalayas, by foot and pony, to paint a portrait of the King of Nepal. Apart from portraits, he also painted murals, one of which is in the conference room of the Joint Committee on Military Affairs of the United States Congress. He died in 1994, at the age of 98, in Manhattan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smithsonian American Art Museum artist page

description: American painter (1896-1994)

wikidata_label: Charles Baskerville

wikipedia_title: Charles Baskerville (painter)


text:
Chief of Defence
SAS
Jægerkorpset
Berlin wall
HDMS Olfert Fischer
Persian Gulf
First Gulf War
Danish International Brigade
NATO led in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Operation Bøllebank
USSR
Guard Hussar Regiment Mounted Squadron

categories: Danish generals,20th-century Danish military personnel,1934 births,People from Aalborg,Living people

paragraph: Jørgen Lyng

paragraph: Jørgen Lyng (born 7 March 1934), is a retired Danish general and a former Chief of Defence of Denmark.

paragraph: As a young soldier Lyng received training from SAS, this training among other, enabled him to help establish and complete training for Jægerkorpset.

paragraph: He was made Chief of Defence in 1989, only a week before the fall of the Berlin wall. In 1990, he order HDMS Olfert Fischer to the Persian Gulf, in order to participate in the First Gulf War, thereby starting Denmark's more active foreign policy. This led to the creation of the Danish International Brigade in 1993 and participation in the NATO led in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the Operation Bøllebank became the first combat operation conducted by Danish Armed Forces since World War II.

paragraph: Since his retirement, Lyng received criticism for failing to cut spending of the Danish forces after the fall and the USSR, likewise his retirement party received criticism for its frivolous spending, which featured gun salutes from the navy, overhead flights by the Air Force, and entertainment by the Guard Hussar Regiment Mounted Squadron for the 600 party guests.

wikidata_label: Jørgen Lyng

wikipedia_title: Jørgen Lyng


text: Circle Repertory Company

text: Broadway

text: Off-Broadway

text: Philadelphia

text: Boston University College of Fine Arts

text: Faye Dunaway

text: Meisner Technique

text: summer stock

text: La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club

text: Marshall W. Mason

text: Lanford Wilson

text: William M. Hoffman

text: Harvey Keitel

text: Circle Repertory Company

text: artistic director

text: Craig Lucas

text: Larry Kramer

text: Jim Leonard

text: Paula Vogel

text: Jon Robin Baitz

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: Paula Vogel

text: The Baltimore Waltz

text: Greenwich Village

text: Tennessee Williams

text: "Battle of Angels"

text: The New York Times

text: Walter Kerr

text: Broadway

text: Master Class

text: Terrence McNally

text: Prelude to a Kiss

text: Craig Lucas

text: Gemini

text: Albert Innaurato

text: Knock Knock

text: Jules Feiffer

text: The Musical Comedy Murders of 1940

text: As Is

text: William M. Hoffman

text: Lanford Wilson

text: Burn This

text: Angels Fall

text: Fifth of July

text: Talley's Folly

text: Off-Broadway

text: Harold Clurman

text: Friedrich Schiller

text: Mary Stuart

text: The Nation

text: Obie Award

text: Law & Order

text: St. Elsewhere

text: The Equalizer

text: Awakenings

text: A Little Sex

text: He Said, She Said

categories: 1941 births,20th-century American actresses,American television actresses,American theatre directors,Living people,American film actresses,21st-century American actresses,American stage actresses,People from Philadelphia,Obie Award recipients,American soap opera actresses

paragraph: Tanya Berezin

paragraph: Tanya Berezin (born March 25, 1941) is an American actress, co-founder and an artistic director of Circle Repertory Company in New York City, and educator. She has performed on Broadway and Off-Broadway, and has also appeared in a number of films and television series.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Berezin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 25, 1941. She attended Boston University College of Fine Arts, where her roommate was Faye Dunaway. In the 1960s she trained with acting teacher, Jim Tuttle, in the Meisner Technique. In 1963, she arrived in New York and began performing.

paragraph: While performing in summer stock she met and married Rob Thirkield, who introduced her to experimental theaters in New York, including La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club and Caffe Cino. Thirkield also introduced her to two others would play important roles in her life, Marshall W. Mason and Lanford Wilson. She was divorced from Thirkield in 1977, and she married actor Mark Wilson in 1987.

paragraph: At La Mama in the 1960s she appeared in several plays, including Lanford Wilson's first full-length play, "Rimers of Eldrige", which was directed by the author, and also featured Michael Warren Powell; and "Spring Play", by William M. Hoffman, which also featured Harvey Keitel; and "The Sand Castle, or There is a Tavern in the Town, or Harry can Dance", also by Lanford Wilson, and directed by Marshall Mason.

paragraph: Section::::Circle Repertory Company.

paragraph: In 1969, Brezin co-founded the Circle Repertory Company, along with Wilson, Mason, and Thirkield. It began (as the Circle Theater Company) in a loft on Broadway on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. Thirkield, an heir to the Thomas Leeming Company (a pharmaceutical company), contributed generously to support Circle Rep until his death in July 1986. The theatre has helped to develop many actors, directors, and playwrights. While she was artistic director from 1987 to 1994, the theatre premiered plays written by Craig Lucas, Larry Kramer, Jim Leonard, Paula Vogel, Jon Robin Baitz, and others. As artistic director of Circle Rep Berezin produced Pulitzer Prize winning playwright Paula Vogel’s first play, "The Baltimore Waltz"; Vogel described that experience, and said "I would not exist if it weren't for Tanya Berezin."

paragraph: Describing the role of an artistic director, she has said, “An artistic director basically does two things. One is giving careful attention to each project, finding the right director for the play and having some idea of casting...The other part is having the vision to know that someone might be a really exciting playwright four or five years from now and giving him or her the platform now - to invest in someone, to take chances.” She was devoted to Circle Rep's “Lab” — a protected artistic workshop environment, based on Caffe Cino, where playwrights, actors and directors would experiment and develop.

paragraph: The company moved in 1974 to Sheridan Square in Greenwich Village, New York. It began there with a production of Tennessee Williams' first full-length play, "Battle of Angels", which starred Berezin. Reviewing that production in "The New York Times", Walter Kerr wrote, "Miss Berezin is a revelation...The apparent contradictions of the role bleed into one another so subtly that you are not quite aware of the moment that this caged soul comes whole; but the whole person comes, ferocious, straight-laced, jealous, grateful...There is scarcely a finer performance in New York just now."

paragraph: Section::::Acting career.

paragraph: Section::::Acting career.:Broadway.

paragraph: As an actress she appeared on Broadway, in" Master Class "written by Terrence McNally, "Prelude to a Kiss" written by Craig Lucas, "Gemini" by Albert Innaurato, "Knock Knock" by Jules Feiffer, "The Musical Comedy Murders of 1940" by John Bishop, "As Is" by William M. Hoffman; and in plays by Lanford Wilson including "Redwood Curtain", "Burn This", "Angels Fall", "Fifth of July", and "Talley's Folly".

paragraph: Of her performance in Landord Wilson's play "Angels Fall", New York magazine said, "Tanya Berezin does a dazzling balancing act with superiority and edginess as the older woman to whom age brings both wisdom and insecurity; her performance is both lancet and whatever poultice there may be."

paragraph: Section::::Acting career.:Off-Broadway.

paragraph: Her Off-Broadway appearances include "Sympathetic Magic", "The Mound Builders", "Balm in Gilead", "Battle of Angels", "Serenading Louie", "Caligua", "The Beaver Coat", "Mary Stuart", and other productions. Harold Clurman, reviewing Friedrich Schiller’s play "Mary Stuart" in "The Nation" said that a special note of praise was due "for Tanya Berezin as Queen Elizabeth, particularly in the moments of her steely calculations, dark resentments and self-determined and regal loneliness," and that her Queen Elizabeth was "depicted with incisive psychological understanding". In 1976, she won an Obie Award for her role in the premier production of Lanford Wilson's play "The Mound Builders".

paragraph: Section::::Acting career.:Film and television.

paragraph: She has appeared on television in "Law & Order", "", "", "St. Elsewhere", "", "The Equalizer", and others. She also appeared in the films "Awakenings", "A Little Sex", "He Said, She Said", and others.

paragraph: Section::::Teaching and coaching.

paragraph: In 1994, Berezin began teaching and coaching actors for theatre, film, and television.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tanya Berezin at the Lortel Archives, Internet Off-Broadway Database

description: actress

wikidata_label: Tanya Berezin

wikipedia_title: Tanya Berezin


text:
Safavid Empire
Armenian
printing press
Iran
Psalter

categories: 1590 births,1646 deaths,17th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops,Iranian Christians,17th-century people of the Safavid Empire,Persian Armenians,Bishops of the Armenian Apostolic Church,Armenian printers

paragraph: Khachatur Kesaratsi

paragraph: Khachatur Kesaratsi (; 1590-1646) was an archbishop in the Safavid Empire of Armenian ethnicity. He is credited with the founding of the first printing press in Iran, in 1633, or 1636. In 1638, the first book was printed; a "Saghmosaran" (Psalter).

wikidata_label: Khachatur Kesaratsi

wikipedia_title: Khachatur Kesaratsi


text:
motorcycle racer
world championship
MotoGP
Aprilia Racing Team Gresini
Adriatic coast
Vasto
Province of Chieti
pocket bikes
World Championship
2005
Chinese Grand Prix in Shanghai
Turkish
French Grands Prix
Misano
Pol Espargaró
Estoril
Yuki Takahashi
Motorland Aragón
Stefan Bradl
Marc Márquez
Alex de Angelis
Valencia
Gresini Racing
Qatar Grand Prix
Marc Márquez
Catalan Grand Prix
Mugello
Moto2
MotoGP
Ducati Desmosedici
Pramac Racing
Australian Grand Prix
Phillip Island
German Grand Prix
United States Grand Prix at Laguna Seca
Yonny Hernández
Cal Crutchlow
Ducati Corse
Andrea Dovizioso
Qatar
Austin
Jorge Lorenzo
Argentina
Phillip Island
Marc Márquez
Valentino Rossi
Losail
Austin
Malaysian Grand Prix
Mugello
San Marino Grand Prix
T3 vertebrae
Team Suzuki Ecstar
Álex Rins
Italian Grand Prix
Aprilia
Aprilia Racing Team Gresini
Aleix Espargaró
Moto2

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,Gresini Racing MotoGP riders,Ducati Corse MotoGP riders,Italian motorcycle racers,People from Vasto,1989 births,Suzuki factory MotoGP riders,125cc World Championship riders,Pramac Racing MotoGP riders,Living people

paragraph: Andrea Iannone

paragraph: Andrea Iannone (born 9 August 1989) is an Italian professional motorcycle racer who currently competes in the world championship at MotoGP level, for Aprilia Racing Team Gresini.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Iannone was born in the Adriatic coastal town of Vasto, on August 9, 1989. His interest in bikes came at a very early age with mini motos. Iannone has one older brother.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:125cc World Championship.

paragraph: Born in Vasto, Province of Chieti, Iannone started his career on pocket bikes and soon became a championship front runner. He participated in both the Italian and Spanish championships before moving to World Championship in 2005. On 4 May 2008, Iannone claimed his first win at the Chinese Grand Prix in Shanghai, in wet conditions. Prior to the victory, he had never finished higher than ninth, at the Turkish and French Grands Prix in 2007, although he had previously qualified as high as seventh. In the 2009 125 cc season he won the first two races of the season, establishing himself as a championship contender, however he faded to seventh overall, with only one more win. During the race at Misano, Iannone provoked an accident with Pol Espargaró. After the incident, images showed the riders arguing in the gravel and Iannone headbutted Espargaró. This was heavily criticised by the media and lost Iannone some sponsorship; Iannone then apologised to Espargaró at the next race at Estoril.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Moto2 World Championship.

paragraph: In 2010, Iannone moved up to the new Moto2 series, his first time riding anything other than an Aprilia. After a slow start he took victories at Mugello and Assen – both from pole – making him the first rider to take two poles in the class, to move up to fourth overall in the standings. He was also competitive in Barcelona, but received a ride-through penalty for overtaking Yuki Takahashi under yellow flag conditions. He then went on to win again at Motorland Aragón, a track which was new to the MotoGP calendar in .

paragraph: 2011 proved to be a very up and down season for Iannone, with inconsistency being his major downfall. Whilst being the only other rider besides Stefan Bradl and Marc Márquez to win more than one race, he would often find himself qualifying well outside the top 10, but finished the season in third place after beating Alex de Angelis in the final race of the season in Valencia. On the Tuesday following the race, Iannone tested a MotoGP bike for Gresini Racing in Valencia.

paragraph: Iannone remained in the class for the season, finishing second in the season-opening Qatar Grand Prix, having led the race out of the final corner and losing out to the straight line speed of Marc Márquez's bike. He finished fourteenth, fifth and fourth over the next three races, before taking his first victory of the season in the Catalan Grand Prix. He went on to get another podium at Assen. After this, he won his home race at Mugello wearing the colours of a nearby fire station.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:MotoGP World Championship.:Pramac Racing (2013–2014).

paragraph: In 2013, after another third place in the Moto2 championship, Iannone moved up into MotoGP on a Ducati Desmosedici with Pramac Racing. He finished the season in twelfth place with five top-ten finishes. His best result was an eighth place at the Australian Grand Prix at Phillip Island, but the second part of his season was affected by a shoulder injury suffered during free practice at the German Grand Prix. The injury also forced him to miss the United States Grand Prix at Laguna Seca.

paragraph: In 2014 he continued to race with Pramac Racing, with teammate Yonny Hernández.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:MotoGP World Championship.:2015.

paragraph: For the 2015 season, Iannone replaced Cal Crutchlow at Ducati Corse, and partnered Andrea Dovizioso. Iannone achieved his first MotoGP podium on his Ducati début, finishing third in Qatar. At Austin, he finished in fifth place behind Jorge Lorenzo, and also recorded the first fastest lap of his MotoGP career. Iannone was on course for a second podium in Argentina, but was passed for third on the final lap, by Crutchlow. At Phillip Island, Iannone was involved in a lengthy four-way battle for first with three former world champions, Lorenzo, Marc Márquez, and Valentino Rossi. He finished third after overtaking Rossi on the final lap with three corners remaining.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:MotoGP World Championship.:2016.

paragraph: Ducati kept their line up for 2016 and he began the season well, leading at Losail for 6 laps before low-siding, allowing his teammate to overtake. The following Grand Prix in Argentina saw Iannone in 3rd before attempting a last lap overtake of his teammate Dovizioso, resulting in both riders falling. Iannone was penalised by Race Direction with a penalty point and three grid places at the next round in Austin. Despite these punishments, Iannone finished his first race of the season on the podium with 3rd place, behind winner Marc Márquez and Jorge Lorenzo, ending his run of four consecutive race retirements starting at the previous years Malaysian Grand Prix. He scored points Spain, retired in France and then got the fastest lap on route to 3rd at his home race at Mugello. He raced aggressively at Catalunya, and eliminated Lorenzo from 5th place, giving winner Marquez a 10 point championship lead.

paragraph: Iannone scored points at the Dutch TT and Germany and then at Austria came his best race weekend of the season and of his career so far. His pace was evident throughout the weekend as he finished in the top two of every session apart from the first practice session, in which he was third. He started the race from pole position and although he briefly lost the lead at the end of lap one, he regained it before his teammate took it from him and led between laps 10 and 20. Iannone took the lead again and led until the finish winning from his teammate by 0.938 seconds whilst also claiming another fastest lap. It was Ducati's first MotoGP win since 2010 and Iannone's first MotoGP win, and to date is his only win. He finished 8th in Brno and then came the British round of the championship. At Silverstone, he qualified on the third row in 8th place and fought his way through the field. Around the halfway mark of the race, he began to have fatigue in his right forearm which made the bike difficult to control. He arrived at turn 17 on lap 14, turned late, hit a bump, and crashed out.

paragraph: At the San Marino Grand Prix, Iannone had a low-side crash at the fast turn 15, he appeared unharmed but checks revealed he had fractured his T3 vertebrae which ruled him out of the rest of the weekend. He took part in practice 1 at the following race two weeks later in Aragon after being cleared to race, but was still having pain so decided to withdraw from the race weekend. He still wasn't 100% fit to race in both Japan and Australia. In total he missed four races and returned in Malaysia where he crashed out from 3rd on lap 12. It was the fourth time he had retired from a podium position in 2016. He finished the year strongly with a podium in his final race for Ducati. He showed pace throughout the season but lacked consistency and even with missing four races, he finished 9th in standings with 112 points.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:MotoGP World Championship.:Team Suzuki Ecstar (2017-2018).

paragraph: On May 19, 2016, Team Suzuki Ecstar announced that Iannone had signed with the outfit for 2 seasons as a factory rider. Iannone paired at Suzuki with MotoGP rookie Álex Rins.

paragraph: In 2018 ahead of his home Italian Grand Prix, Iannone announced that he and Suzuki would part ways at the end of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:MotoGP World Championship.:Aprilia Racing Team Gresini (2019-2020).

paragraph: During the 2018 season, Iannone signed with the Aprilia factory-supported Aprilia Racing Team Gresini on a 2-year deal partnering incumbent rider Aleix Espargaró.

paragraph: Section::::Nicknames.

paragraph: The first notable nickname Iannone had was during the 2010 Misano Circuit Moto2 race where he wore a helmet inspired by the incredible hulk. The writing on the back of the helmet read "The Incredible Iannhulk". In 2011, Iannone sported the nickname "Crazy Joe" on the back of his leathers, a nickname his friends had given him, he is called this because of his aggressive and unbelievable racing maneuvers. In 2012, "Crazy Joe" had changed to "The Maniac Joe" just to emphasize the first nickname even further. At Mugello, Iannone used the colour scheme of a nearby fire station and for that race alone gained the nickname "Joe the Firefighter".

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Races by year.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

description: Italian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Andrea Iannone

wikipedia_title: Andrea Iannone


text:
abbess
Vadstena Abbey
Elizabeth of Hungary
Johan Peringskiöld

categories: 15th-century births,15th-century Swedish women,16th-century translators,16th-century Swedish writers,Swedish Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns,Swedish translators,16th-century Swedish women writers,15th-century Swedish people,16th-century Swedish people,Bridgettine nuns,Swedish Roman Catholics,1519 deaths,Swedish Roman Catholic abbesses

paragraph: Anna Bülow

paragraph: Anna Fickesdotter (Bülow), (died 1519), was a Swedish writer and translator and abbess of the Bridgittine Vadstena Abbey between 1501–1519.

paragraph: Anna Fickesdotter Bülow was elected abbess of Vadstena convent in 1501 and held that position for eighteen years, until her death. She was active in literary matters and was widely reputed and respected for her learning. She ordered the translation of the suffering of Christ, the life of John, and the predictions of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary.

paragraph: Her "Cronicum Genealogicum" was printed by Johan Peringskiöld in 1718.

description: writer, translator, abbess

wikidata_label: Anna Bülow

wikipedia_title: Anna Bülow


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: bishop

text: Diocese of Baton Rouge

text: Louisiana

text: Bishop Lynch High School

text: Holy Trinity Seminary

text: University of Dallas

text: Dallas, Texas

text: Diocese of Dallas

text: Southern Methodist University

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: American Religious Townhall

text: Pope Francis

text: Robert William Muench

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

categories: People from Shreveport, Louisiana,American Roman Catholic bishops,University of Dallas alumni,1952 births,Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni,Living people

paragraph: Michael Duca

paragraph: Michael Gerard Duca (born 5 June 1952) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who serves as bishop of the Diocese of Baton Rouge, Louisiana since his installation on August 24, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Duca attended elementary and secondary school in Dallas and graduated from Bishop Lynch High School in 1970. He attended Holy Trinity Seminary from 1970 to 1978, and while there received a bachelor's degree in psychology and a master of divinity degree in theology from the adjacent University of Dallas.

paragraph: Duca was ordained a priest on 29 April 1978 in Dallas, Texas. He was educated in the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum) training as a canonist.

paragraph: He served the Diocese of Dallas as a vocations director, chaplain at Dallas' Southern Methodist University both from 1985 to 1992. Before his appointment as bishop, he was the rector of Dallas' Holy Trinity Seminary.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Shreveport.

paragraph: He was appointed as Bishop of Shreveport by Pope Benedict XVI on 1 April 2008 and raised to the episcopate on 19 May. He was consecrated bishop of the Shreveport diocese at the Shreveport Convention Center, with approximately 3,000 people in attendance.

paragraph: Duca was one of the regular panelists on the American Religious Townhall. Diocese of Shreveport celebrated its 25th anniversary on Saturday, June 11, 2011 at the Shreveport Convention Center.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Baton Rouge.

paragraph: Duca was appointed by Pope Francis as the sixth bishop of the Diocese of Baton Rouge, succeeding Bishop Robert William Muench, who retired. He was installed as Baton Rouge's bishop on August 24, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Baton Rouge Official Site

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Michael Duca

wikipedia_title: Michael Duca


text:
sailor
France
1900 Summer Olympics
Paris
France
10 to 20 ton

categories: French male sailors (sport),Olympic sailors of France,Sportspeople from Le Havre,Olympic gold medalists for France,Sailors at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 10 to 20 ton,Olympic medalists in sailing,Year of death missing,1859 births

paragraph: Paul Perquer

paragraph: Paul Perquer was a sailor from France, who represented his native country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. Perquer took the gold in the 10 to 20 ton.

description: Olympic sailor

wikidata_label: Paul Perquer

wikipedia_title: Paul Perquer


categories: French male sailors (sport),Olympic sailors of France,Sportspeople from Le Havre,Olympic gold medalists for France,Sailors at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 10 to 20 ton,Olympic medalists in sailing,1852 births,1930 deaths

paragraph: Émile Billard

paragraph: Émile Billard (5 April 1852 – 29 June 1930) was a sailor from France, who represented his native country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. Billard took the gold in the 10 to 20 ton.

description: Olympic sailor

wikidata_label: Émile Billard

wikipedia_title: Émile Billard


text: Germany

text: Sydney

text: New South Wales

text: Australia

text: June Bronhill

text: Joan Sutherland

text: Peter Cousens

text: Lyndon Terracini

text: Australian Singing Competition

text: Music & Opera Singers Trust Limited

text: MOST

text: Biography

text: Australian Singing Competition website

categories: 20th-century opera singers,Naturalised citizens of Australia,German emigrants to Australia,Australian Lutherans,20th-century German musicians,German operatic sopranos,1890 births,1978 deaths

paragraph: Marianne Mathy

paragraph: Marianne Mathy-Frisdane (23 June 1890 – 18 October 1978) was a coloratura soprano opera singer and distinguished teacher of opera and classical singing.

paragraph: Born Marianne Helene Sara Kahn in Mannheim, Germany, in 1913 Marianne married Colonel Eric Mathy, an officer of Kaiser Wilhelm II's Imperial German Army. Though they divorced the next year, with Eric killed in action shortly thereafter, Marianne retained Mathy's name for the remainder of her life. In 1921, she married Berlin architect, Franz (Francis) Martin Friendenstein. They later changed this name by deed poll in February 1945 from Friendenstein to Frisdane.

paragraph: Her musical education included piano, theory, speech training, interpretation and voice production, with a special course for the treatment of damaged vocal cords. Though her initial formal training emphasised piano, Marianne showed early promise as an opera and classical singer. In 1918 Marianne was offered her first engagement singing at a provincial opera, as Gretel in Humperdinck's "Hansel and Gretel". She became well known as an interpreter of Lieder and of Early Music. She went on to perform in Germany during the 1920s and 1930s. In 1929 Marianne received the State Certificate, Berlin, with Honourable Mention in recognition of her public performances and as a teacher of singing.

paragraph: In October 1939, Marianne and Francis immigrated to Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. From 1959, Mathy-Frisdane taught for three years at the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA), and for over 12 years at the NSW State Conservatorium of Music (now Sydney Conservatorium of Music), and participated in the inaugural meeting for the New South Wales National Opera, the predecessor of the Australian Opera (now Opera Australia). In 1963, she was commissioned by the Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust to make a new English translation of Gounod's opera "Faust".

paragraph: A highly respected teacher of opera and classical singers, Mathy taught fifteen winners of the Sydney Sun Aria. In 1965 she wrote The Singer's Companion. Many of her pupils became nationally and internationally renowned opera singers and include Althea Bridges, June Bronhill, Joan Sutherland, Peter Cousens and Lyndon Terracini to name but a few.

paragraph: Marianne Mathy-Fridane left in her Will a bequest from which the Marianne Mathy Scholarship for young opera and classical singers was established. First awarded in 1982 to New Zealand soprano Nicola Waite, the Marianne Mathy Scholarship, also known as "The Mathy", is one of the longest-running, recognised and respected scholarships of its type in Australia and New Zealand. The Marianne Mathy Scholarship ("The Mathy") is the major award in the Australian Singing Competition. The Marianne Mathy Scholarship and the Australian Singing Competition are managed by Music & Opera Singers Trust Limited (MOST).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Singing Competition website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music & Opera Singers Trust Limited (MOST) website

description: singer

wikidata_label: Marianne Mathy

wikipedia_title: Marianne Mathy


text:
Brussels
Etterbeek
racing driver
Belgium
Formula One
1959 Monaco Grand Prix
Cooper
Ecurie Nationale Belge
sports car racing

categories: 1922 births,World Sportscar Championship drivers,Sportspeople from Brussels,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,1994 deaths,Ecurie Nationale Belge Formula One drivers,Belgian Formula One drivers,Belgian racing drivers

paragraph: Alain de Changy

paragraph: Alain Carpentier de Changy (born in Brussels, 5 February 1922 – died in Etterbeek, 5 August 1994) was a racing driver from Belgium. His single Formula One World Championship Grand Prix attempt was at the 1959 Monaco Grand Prix with a Cooper run by Ecurie Nationale Belge, but he failed to qualify. He was more successful in sports car racing.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Grand Prix Who's Who", Steve Small, 1996

description: auto racer

wikidata_label: Alain de Changy

wikipedia_title: Alain de Changy


text:
pseudonym
Milan
Formula One
Surtees
1978 Italian Grand Prix
European Sportscar Championship
Osella
Reinhold Joest

categories: Italian racing drivers,Italian Formula One drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,1938 births,Surtees Formula One drivers,British Formula One Championship drivers,Living people

paragraph: Gimax

paragraph: "Gimax" was the racing pseudonym of Carlo Franchi (born 1 January 1938), a racing driver from Milan, Italy. He never raced under his real name, and his son has also raced using the name "Gimax".

paragraph: He entered one World Championship Formula One Grand Prix with Surtees, the 1978 Italian Grand Prix, but failed to qualify. He also participated in one non-Championship Formula One race.

paragraph: Section::::Sportscars.

paragraph: "Gimax" was a regular entrant in Italian sportscar racing during the 1970s and in 1978, he also competed in European Sportscar Championship, a series set up for that season in order to allow Group 6 prototypes to continue to compete in Europe for their own championship after the cancellation of the "World Sports Car Championship".

paragraph: The series was separated into two categories, one for the 2-Litre cars and the other for the larger capacity cars: "Gimax" won the 2-litre drivers' championship in an Osella, while Porsche driver Reinhold Joest won the Drivers' Championship for the larger capacity cars.

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Gimax

wikipedia_title: Gimax


text:
Bologna
Italy
Formula One
Brabham
Martini Racing
1977 Italian Grand Prix
Osella
1981 Spanish Grand Prix
sports car racing
touring cars
sports prototype
Alfa Romeo
CIVT
DTM

categories: Italian racing drivers,European Formula Two Championship drivers,German Formula Three Championship drivers,Italian Formula One drivers,Osella Formula One drivers,1947 births,Sportspeople from Bologna,24 Hours of Spa drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,Brabham Formula One drivers,World Touring Car Championship drivers,Living people

paragraph: Giorgio Francia

paragraph: Giorgio Francia (born November 8, 1947 in Bologna) is a former racing driver from Italy. He was the Polifac Formel 3 Trophy champion in 1974.

paragraph: Francia unsuccessfully entered two Formula One Grands Prix. The first was in a works Brabham BT45B, in Martini Racing colours, at the 1977 Italian Grand Prix. He was withdrawn during practice. His second attempt was with Osella at the 1981 Spanish Grand Prix, where he was the slowest in practice and failed to qualify.

paragraph: He raced in many categories and competed in sports car racing and touring cars until the late 1990s, driving a works Osella sports prototype in endurance racing in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and also taking part in the factory Alfa Romeo team in the CIVT (Italian Superturismo) and the DTM.

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Giorgio Francia

wikipedia_title: Giorgio Francia


text:
Italy
Formula One
1958 Monaco Grand Prix
Maserati 250F
Ken Kavanagh

categories: 2004 deaths,1932 births,Italian racing drivers,Italian Formula One drivers

paragraph: Luigi Taramazzo

paragraph: Luigi Taramazzo (May 5, 1932 – February 15, 2004) was a racing driver from Italy. His single Formula One World Championship entry was at the 1958 Monaco Grand Prix, where he shared the Maserati 250F of Ken Kavanagh. Neither driver qualified the car, so Taramazzo did not start the race.

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Luigi Taramazzo

wikipedia_title: Luigi Taramazzo


text:
racing driver
Vienna
Austria
sports car racing
Formula One
Tyrrell
1976 Austrian Grand Prix
Karl Oppitzhauser
1976 Italian Grand Prix
Arturo Merzario
Guy Edwards
1976 Canadian Grand Prix
1976 USA East Grand Prix
James Hunt
harness racing
Biography at F1 Rejects

categories: Austrian racing drivers,1947 births,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,Austrian Formula One drivers,2001 deaths,Sportspeople from Vienna

paragraph: Otto Stuppacher

paragraph: Otto Stuppacher (3 March 1947 – 13 August 2001) was a racing driver from Vienna, Austria. He competed in hill-climbs and sports car racing before entering 3 Formula One Grands Prix with the ÖASC Racing Team in , with a Tyrrell 007. He was refused entry to the 1976 Austrian Grand Prix, along with teammate Karl Oppitzhauser, despite trying to raise a petition from the other teams.

paragraph: At the 1976 Italian Grand Prix he failed to qualify by a considerable margin, but subsequently he was promoted up the order when three other cars had their times disallowed due to fuel irregularities. Unfortunately, Stuppacher had already left the circuit and returned home, and was unable to get back to the circuit in time to race. The three demoted runners were eventually re-admitted after the withdrawal of Stuppacher, Arturo Merzario, and Guy Edwards.

paragraph: Stuppacher failed to qualify at his other two attempts in 1976, the 1976 Canadian Grand Prix and the 1976 USA East Grand Prix, the latter seeing him over 27 seconds off the time of pole-sitter James Hunt. To date, this gap between pole-position time and slowest time during qualifying in an official Formula One race is a record that still stands today.

paragraph: It is not clear how much racing Stuppacher did after 1976, and very little is known of him until he was found dead in his Vienna flat in 2001.

paragraph: He has a sister who raced in harness racing as Elisabeth Stuppacher, who was the Austrian champion from 1993 to 2000.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at F1 Rejects

description: Austrian racing driver

wikidata_label: Otto Stuppacher

wikipedia_title: Otto Stuppacher


text:
British
British Formula Three Championship
E.R. Hall
Maidenhead
Berkshire
Monaco F3 Race
Patrick Depailler
Formula One
Maki
1977 British Grand Prix
1978 British Grand Prix
Surtees
TS19
McLaren
M23
1978
BRDC International Trophy
Silverstone
British Aurora F1 Championship
Connew
Formula 5000
Brands Hatch
Lotus 72
March 701
Lotus 49
Fittipaldi F8
Lotus 49
wing-car

categories: 1943 births,English racing drivers,People from Maidenhead,British Formula Three Championship drivers,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,Maki Formula One drivers,English Formula One drivers,British Formula One Championship drivers,Living people,British Formula 3000 Championship drivers

paragraph: Tony Trimmer

paragraph: Tony Trimmer (born 24 January 1943) is a British former racing driver from England, who won the Shell British Formula Three Championship and E.R. Hall Trophy in 1970. He was born in Maidenhead, Berkshire.

paragraph: Tony Trimmer also won the prestigious Monaco F3 Race in 1970 driving a Brabham BT-28 and finished runner-up to Patrick Depailler in the 1972 edition.

paragraph: Trimmer entered six Formula One World Championship Grands Prix with uncompetitive teams, firstly Maki for four races in 1975 and 1976, resulting in four failures to qualify. He then entered the 1977 British Grand Prix (failed to pre-qualify) and the 1978 British Grand Prix (failed to qualify), with the Melchester Racing Team, driving a Surtees TS19 and a McLaren M23 respectively. However, also driving the Melchester McLaren, he finished a superb third in the rain-soaked 1978 BRDC International Trophy non-Championship race at Silverstone, coming home ahead of many of the greats of Formula One. That year he won the British Aurora F1 Championship.

paragraph: Trimmer was also one of the few people to drive the Connew Formula One car, in its last ever race (in later Formula 5000

paragraph: specification) in 1973. However the car collided with a barrier at Brands Hatch after a rear damper gave way.

paragraph: Other than World Championship races, Trimmer raced in many non-championship F1 races and is perhaps one of the drivers who drove the greatest variety of Formula One cars ever. The list includes the great Lotus 72 at the 1971 Race of Champions, the March 701, a Lotus 49, Fittipaldi F8 and the one-off Safir RJ-02 (a.k.a. Token RJ-02), accessing from the old times "tubby" Lotus 49 up to a real wing-car Fittipaldi F8.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete World Endurance Championship results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Footnotes:

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Tony Trimmer

wikipedia_title: Tony Trimmer


text:
pharaoh
Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Second Intermediate Period
pyramid
Memphis
boar
Kim Ryholt
Semitic
prenomen
Maat
Wegaf
Khaankhre Sobekhotep
season of the Inundation
regnal year
pyramid
Saqqara
pyramidion
canopic jar
stela
Abydos
Osiris
vizier
Ankhu
Liverpool
World War II
cylinder-seals
Athribis
el-Lisht
scarab
seals

paragraph: Khendjer

paragraph: Userkare Khendjer was the twenty-first pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Khendjer possibly reigned for 4 to 5 years, archaeological attestations show that he was on the throne for at least 3 or 4 years 3 months and 5 days. Several absolute dates have been proposed for his reign, depending on the scholar: 1764—1759 BC as proposed by Ryholt and Baker, 1756—1751 BC as reported by Redford, and 1718—1712 BC as per Schneider. Khendjer had a small pyramid built for himself in Saqqara and it is therefore likely that his capital was in Memphis.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: The name Khendjer is poorly attested in Egyptian. Khendjer "has been interpreted as a foreign name "hnzr" and equated with the Semitic personal name "h(n)zr", [for] "boar" according to the Danish Egyptologist Kim Ryholt. He notes that this identification is confirmed by the fact that the name "h(n)zr" is written as "hzr" in a variant spelling of this king's name on a seal from this king's reign. Ryholt states that the word 'boar' is:

paragraph: Khendjer was, therefore, the earliest known Semitic king of a native Egyptian dynasty. Khendjer's prenomen or throne name, "Userkare", translates as "The Soul of Re is Powerful."

paragraph: Khendjer, however, may have had a second prenomen at his coronation: 'Nimaatre' which translates as 'The one who belongs to Maat is Re.' This name appears together with the name Khendjer at the top of the stela of Amenyseneb (Louvre C12).

paragraph: Section::::Chronological position and reign length.

paragraph: The exact chronological position of Khendjer in the Thirteenth Dynasty is not known for certain owing to uncertainties affecting earlier kings of the dynasty. Egyptologist Darrell Baker makes him the twenty-first king of the dynasty, Ryholt sees him as the twenty-second king and Jürgen von Beckerath places him as the seventeenth pharaoh of the dynasty. Furthermore, the identity of his predecessor is still debated: Baker and Ryholt believe it was Wegaf, but that pharaoh is confused with Khaankhre Sobekhotep, so that it is not known which one of the two founded the Thirteenth Dynasty and which one was Khendjer's predecessor.

paragraph: The highest attested date for Khendjer's reign is the fourth month of the season of the Inundation), day 15 in his fifth regnal year. Kim Ryholt notes that two dated control notes on stone blocks from his unfinished pyramid complex give him a minimum reign of 3 or 4 years 3 months and 5 days. The aforementioned control notes are dated to "Year 1 I Akhet day 10" and "Year 5 IV Akhet day 15" of his reign. In these control notes, the names of three officials involved in building the pyramid are also identified. They are the "chamberlain of the palace", Senebtyfy, the "chamberlain" Ameny and the chamberlain, Shebenu. The latter is also attested by other sources.

paragraph: Section::::Pyramid.

paragraph: Khendjer is known primarily from his pyramid complex excavated by G. Jequier at Saqqara which was perhaps completed as a pyramidion was found. There was found a fragment of a canopic jar, which offers a partial name for his queen, "Seneb ..." "which may be restored as Sonb[henas]." Other objects with the name of the king are a stela from Abydos recording building projects by the king at the Osiris temple at Abydos, and naming the vizier Ankhu. Another stela once in Liverpool (destroyed in World War II), provides the name of the king's son ""Khedjer"". He might be a son of the king. Other objects with his name, according to the list provided by Ryholt, include three cylinder-seals from Athribis, a tile found near el-Lisht, scarab seals and an axe blade.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Khendjer

wikipedia_title: Khendjer


text: Lockhausen

text: Bad Salzuflen

text: mathematician

text: computer scientist

text: Tübingen

text: Konstanz

text: Bonn

text: Volker Strassen

text: Schönhage–Strassen algorithm

text: O

text: Andreas F. W. Grotefeld

text: Ekkehart Vetter

text: Turing machine

text: TP

text: TPAL

text: assembler language

text: Odlyzko–Schönhage algorithm

text: Homepage with list of publications

categories: 20th-century mathematicians,German mathematicians,1934 births,German computer scientists,People from the Free State of Lippe,University of Bonn faculty,Living people,People from Bad Salzuflen

paragraph: Arnold Schönhage

paragraph: Arnold Schönhage (born 1 December 1934 in Lockhausen, now Bad Salzuflen) is a German mathematician and computer scientist.

paragraph: Schönhage was professor at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, and also in Tübingen and Konstanz. He now lives near Bonn. Together with Volker Strassen he developed the Schönhage–Strassen algorithm for fast integer multiplication that has a run-time of "O"("N" log "N" log log "N").

paragraph: Schönhage designed and implemented together with Andreas F. W. Grotefeld and Ekkehart Vetter a multitape Turing machine, called TP, in software. The machine is programmed in TPAL, an assembler language. They implemented numerous numerical algorithms including the Schönhage–Strassen algorithm on this machine.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odlyzko–Schönhage algorithm

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schönhage's Storage Modification Machine (SMM) model

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Homepage with list of publications

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schönhage's TP page with short introduction, samples and download link

description: German mathematician

wikidata_label: Arnold Schönhage

wikipedia_title: Arnold Schönhage


text:
bishop of Gratianopolis
Grenoble
7th century
Clotaire III
seventeenth century
Clotaire III
mayor of the palace
Ebroin
La Tronche

paragraph: Ferjus of Grenoble

paragraph: Saint Ferjus of Grenoble (or Ferreol) was the bishop of Gratianopolis (current Grenoble) in the 7th century. He was assassinated about 660 A.C., probably on the instruction of Clotaire III, meeting the same fate as other bishops who defied Clotair's authority.

paragraph: Section::::Hagiography.

paragraph: There are two theories regarding the life and death of Ferjus. A summary of his life written in the seventeenth century recounts that Saint Ferjus, was preaching at Mount Esson (Current Mont Rachais) above Grenoble when he was overwhelmed by an assassin who struck him on the head and threw him into a burning oven. Grenoble was buried in the church where he used to preach, which subsequently was dedicated in his name.

paragraph: The second theory is that Ferjus was assassinated around 660 A.C., by Clotaire III or the mayor of the palace Ebroin, like other bishops who defied his authority. His feast day is 12 January.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The relics of Saint Ferjus are preserved in La Tronche located in the suburbs of Grenoble. Until 1935, the bell tower of St. Mary in Grenoble carried statues of Saint-Bruno, Saint-Hugues, St. Ferjus and St. Francis de Sales. In 1935, the tower threatened to collapse and the four statues were removed. The four sculptures disappeared during the Second World War, and only the statue of Francis de Sales was found in 2007 in Thiers Street, in the garden of the sanatorium which closed down. The statue of Ferjus remains lost.

wikidata_label: Saint Ferjus

wikipedia_title: Ferjus of Grenoble


text: Roman Catholic

text: Ecuador

categories: Ecuadorian Roman Catholic bishops,2016 deaths,1933 births

paragraph: Gonzalo López Marañon

paragraph: Gonzalo López Marañón (3 October 1933 – 7 May 2016) was a Roman Catholic bishop.

paragraph: Ordained to the priesthood in 1957, López Marañón served as bishop of the Apostolic Vicariate of San Miguel de Sucumbíos, Ecuador from 1984 until 2010.

description: Spanish priest and theologian

wikidata_label: Gonzalo López Marañón

wikipedia_title: Gonzalo López Marañon


text:
violin makers
double bass
violin
viola
viol
violone
double bass
cetera
Salò
Polpenazze
Ferrara
Este
Vincenzo I Gonzaga
Monteverdi
Basilica of St. Mark
Brescia
Brescia Cathedral
Costanzo Antegnati
viola da gamba
Marseille
Domenico Dragonetti
Lobkowicz Palace
Gasparo Duiffopruggar
Andrea Amati
Stradivari
Galileo Galilei
Padua
Venice
Brescia
Firenze
Siena
viola

categories: 1540 births,Luthiers,People from Salò,1609 deaths

paragraph: Gasparo da Salò

paragraph: Gasparo da Salò (May 20, 1542 - April 14, 1609) is the name given to Gasparo Bertolotti, one of the earliest violin makers and an expert double bass player. Around 80 of his instruments are still in existence: violins (small and large), alto and tenor violas, viols, violones and double basses, violas with only a pair of corners, ceteras.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1542, Gasparo was born in Salò on Lake Garda, in a family with legal, artistic, musical and craft interests. His grandfather Santino, a land and flock owner who it is believed likely produced musical gut strings, moved from Polpenazze to Salò, capital of the Riviera del Garda, possibly in search of the greater opportunities then available in Salò, whose music scene was very rich and vibrant. Gasparo was the son and nephew of two accomplished musicians, Francesco and Agostino, who were violin players and composers of the highest professional level, distinguished enough to be referred to in surviving documents as the "violì” or in extended form, to avoid doubts, the "violini."

paragraph: In addition to being an expert in musical instruments, Gasparo's uncle Agostino was the first Kapellmeister of Salò and his son Bernardino, Gasparo's cousin, was a virtuoso musician (violinist and trombonist), who worked in Ferrara at the Este music court, and then in Mantua for Vincenzo I Gonzaga, during which time he was a contemporary of Monteverdi, and finally in Rome as "Musician of His Holiness the Pope in the Castle of S. Angel."

paragraph: Gasparo's musical education took place during a period of growing refinement and professionalism among the musicians and violin players of Salò and Brescia, many of whom played in the Basilica of St. Mark in Venice, as among the musicians of many European courts from the early 1540s onward. His deep education in musical performance, undertaken by his noted musical family, is evidenced in a document found in Bergamo concerning music in San Maria Maggiore dated 1604, in which Gasparo is cited as a very talented violone player.

paragraph: When his father died, around 1562, he moved to Brescia. It appears Gasparo immediately rented a house and set up shop in the neighborhood hub of musical life, the Contrada Antegnati, known for the presence of a very famous dynasty of organ builders and other skilled multi-instrumentalists, from 1528 granted from the Brescia City Council, with a professional patent (first example in Europe), all of whom were located in the Second Quadra St. John, in front of the Palazzo Vecchio del Podestà (now Via Cairoli). From his ability almost immediately to rent a house with a shop in this sought-after neighborhood, and considering the slight possibility of a substantial inheritance, given his conspicuously large number of brothers and sisters, we can surmise that Gasparo was enjoying some measure of success in the family's traditional string making trade. His business was successful enough to allow him to marry Isabetta Cassetti, the daughter of an artisan potter and glassmaker three years later. During this time Gasparo cultivated a deep relationship with Girolamo Virchi, one of the most prominent artist-craftsmen of the city, cited in a 1563 document as "maestro de musica instrumentis". In 1565 Virchi became godfather to Gasparo's child Francesco, the first of six others, three sons named Marcantonio, two of whom died in infancy, and three daughters.

paragraph: In addition, in that neighborhood there lived two organists of Brescia Cathedral, Fiorenzo Mascara and his successor Costanzo Antegnati, and a noted violin player, Giuseppe Biagini. Like many other Brescian virtuosi multi-instrumentalists (they normally played 4 or 5 aerophones, one string, and from the middl of the century the new viola da braccio or violin), Mascara was also an excellent viola da gamba player. This direct knowledge of, and friendship with, Virchi and Antegnati's work opened up new artistic horizons resulting in improvements to the sound and design of strings and stringed instruments. An Appraisal of the Policy of 1568 (a tax return) testifies to a flourishing business, which continued to grow significantly. In 1575 he bought a house in the Cossere district, his historic headquarters, and subsequently manufactured many instruments. His workshop quickly became one of the most important in Europe in the second half of the 16th century for the production of every type of stringed instrument of the time.

paragraph: Gasparo developed the art of string making to a very high level, and passed on this tradition to five known students: his eldest son Francisco, the Frenchman Alexandro de Marsiliis (from Marseille, France), Giovanni Paolo Maggini from Botticino in the surroundings of Brescia, Jacomo de Lafranchini from Valle Camonica, and a maker known only as Baptista. Exports reached Rome, Venice and France, as is clear from the Policy of 1588, where is clearly written the export in France (probably also of the particular model called by Monteverdi "violin piccoli alla francese" hitherto "little violins in French syle) and other documents; and he bought strings and precious woods for his art from Rome and Venice. The business allowed him to acquire extensive landholdings in the territory of Calvagese, with adjoining manor houses and farmhouses. Gasparo is known to have provided substantial assistance to his sister Ludovica, and acted as guardian to the three sons of his wife's brother, Rocco Cassetti, presumed dead, along with his own wife, in the plague of 1577.

paragraph: He died April 14, 1609. The short but significant death act survives and reads: "Messer Gasparo Bertolotti maestro di violini is dead & buried in Santo Joseffo". The exact location where his remains lie among the graves of the Brescian musical pantheon, in company with Antegnati Costanzo, Don Cesare Bolognini and Benedetto Marcello, is not known; probably is in a common grave of carpenters guild. One of his most famous double basses, with a rapidity of response similar to that of a violin (owned by the 18th - 19th century virtuoso Domenico Dragonetti) is preserved today in the Basilica of San Marco in Venice; a second, exceptionally rare bass, possibly the only surviving example of a classical violone contrabasso with a six-hole peg box, was discovered by the Roman master luthier and restorer Luigi Ottaviani in the stores of the Museum of Musical Instruments in Rome, where it is now displayed. The third double bass is preserved in storage beneath the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada as part of a collection donated by R. S. Williams. A fourth has been acquired by the Salodian family Biondo from M° Leonardo Colonna, one of the double bass player of Teatro alla Scala of Milan, and is now on display in one room of the City Council Palace in Salò, and is used in many concerts in the Gasparo da Salò Summer Festival. Another of his violins is on display at the Lobkowicz Palace in Prague.

paragraph: Section::::Artistic life.

paragraph: It is debatable whether Gasparo da Salò or others like Gasparo Duiffopruggar or Andrea Amati were the first to produce the violin in its modern form; surely Gasparo developed an instrument of modern character, very powerful in tone (the mystery of the power has solved thinking that violas da braccio and violins at that time had to play mixed with cornettos and trombones in open air places like St. Mark Square in Venice during processions) and very quick in response. It appears Gasparo's patterns were later studied by Stradivari between 1690 and 1700 for the violin type referred to as the "Long Strad," one of the master's most distinguished and desirable models. There is reason to believe that Brescian instruments were in fact the most popular and sought after throughout Europe in the Renaissance period, as they were more requested in high musical courts than Cremonese ones until 1630, when the plague killed the best known Brescian masters, after which time Cremona started to become the center of the violin maker's trade.

paragraph: Although the Brescian masters did not survive the plague, their prolific and accomplished output of instruments certainly did, as a letter from Fulgencio Micanzio to Galileo Galilei dated 1636 makes clear: "the instruments from Brescia are easy to buy..." and another document states " because you can find it in every corner...". You can find a lot of brescian strings listed in many inventory of music instrument maker or instruments dealers in Europe, like that published by Francoise Lesure in 1954, where the following instruments are listed: 63 lutes from Padua, 17 from Venice, 24 violins from Brescia, 15 lots of strings of Firenze, 21 of Siena. It is also notable that the word "violino" appears in Brescian archival documents at least as early as 1530 and not in Cremona until some fifty years later. Some of the brescian violins were wonderfully decorated, while others have some rough features of finishing but almost all the real genuine surviving examples, of the master, of his workshop, or of the school or pupils, are noted for their beauty of tone and powerful projection.

paragraph: Gasparo himself built many violins that conform to the measurements of the modern violin, in an era where the precise measurements of the violin family of instruments were not yet standardized, as well as a small number of models built on a smaller pattern (probably "alla francese"). In addition to violins, he built violas of different sizes from small (39 cm = 15.4") to very large (44.5 cm = 17.5"), both alto and tenor, sometimes with only two corners; [[viol]s; [[cello]]s; [[violone]]s; and probably [[lyre]]s and [[lirone | lironi]].

paragraph: In surviving documents, Gasparo is referred to as “maestro di violini" (violin master) as early as 1568. This title was given to violin makers and was clearly distinct in contemporary documents from the title of "sonadore de violini" (the violin players). The title of maestro di violini appears to have been in use from at least 1558 in Brescia and is first attributed to the master luthiers Guglielmo Frigiadi and Francesco Inverardi prior to the arrival of Gasparo, who at that time was still in Salò. We know comparatively little of Gasparo's chief rival for the distinction of having created the first modern violin, [[Andrea Amati]], lacking as we do the wealth of documentary evidence referencing Amati's violin making that we have for Gasparo. Eleven documents are known to exist referencing Amati, compared with slightly less than a hundred for Gasparo. Of the eleven, only one document clearly mentions the work of Amati, and it is comparatively late, dating from 1576, eight years after the document referenced above, and it states simply: "l'arte sua è de far strumenti da sonar” ("his art is of making instruments to play"). Conspicuously absent is any mention of the acclaimed Amati violin, which seems to have been manufactured from the early 1560s, apparently with great success.

paragraph: From 1581 and until 1588, the various written references to Gasparo as a master violin maker are further augmented with various Latin titles such as "artefici (or artifex) instrumentorum musicorum” (maker of musical instruments) and the Italian title “artefice d'istrumenti musici” (maker of musical instruments) and “instrumenti de musicha” (Instruments of music) in order to emphasize his mastery of all kinds of instruments. In 1585, he resumed use of the old tradition title of "master of violins”, which would continue to be his specialty from 1591 until his death, with the exception of a brief period in February and March 1597 wherein he is referred to as "magister a citharis," the citharis being a special and sought after instrument also known as the cetra, or more commonly the cetera. The 1588 archival document (a tax return) clearly mention the export of Gasparo's work in France.

paragraph: About eighty of Gasparo da Salò's instruments are known to have survived to the present day, and they stand confidently among the works of [[Stradivarius]], [[Guarnerius]], [[Amati]], [[Jacob Stainer]], and his pupil [[Giovanni Paolo Maggini]] as unique examples of the highest mastery attained in Brescian or indeed European violin making of his era, possessing exceptional tonal characteristics. Owing to their exceptional tone and beauty, Gasparo's patterns are frequently emulated in exacting modern commercial recreations. These modern tributes to Gasparo are themselves merely the latest arrivals in what has become a long and distinguished tradition of copying and emulating the great master's work. [[Charles Beare]]'s analysis of the best works of [[Guarneri del Gesu]]'s latest period, including the famous [[Vieuxtemps Guarneri]] of 1741, seems to demonstrate that Guarneri very strictly copied the arching used by Gasparo, which helped develop an instrument of modern character, with very powerful tone and projection.

paragraph: Virtuosi have also long recognized the exceptional qualities of Gasparo's violins, violas, and double basses. In 1842, the Norwegian [[virtuoso]] [[Ole Bull]] was willed an unplayed, richly-decorated da Salò violin originally made in 1562.

paragraph: Benvenuto Cellini carved the scroll of this spectacular instrument,

paragraph: which is on permanent display as a part of the exhibition "People and Possessions" at Vestlandske Kunstindustrimuesum in Bergen.

paragraph: Because of their scarcity, only five instruments made by Gasparo da Salò are known to have been auctioned since 1893.

paragraph: Most recently, [[Christie's]] auctioned a violin for $10,000 in 1980 and a viola in 2010 for $542,500.

paragraph: Violists who play Gasparo's instruments include

paragraph: [[Gérard Caussé]],

paragraph: James Dunham, and

paragraph: [[Amihai Grosz]].

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anton Maria Mucchi, "Gasparo da Salò". Hoepli, Milano, 1940

paragraph: BULLET::::- Farga, Franz, "Violins & Violinists". Trans. Egon Larson with Bruno Raikin. New York: Frederick A. Prager, 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrews, Robert, "Gasparo Bertolotti da Salo". Berkley 1953.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dassenno, Flavio - Ravasio, Ugo "Gasparo da Salò e la liuteria bresciana tra rinascimento e barocco" . Brescia 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dassenno, Flavio "Per gli occhi e 'l core. Strumenti musicali nell'arte". Cortefranca, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dassenno, Flavio (a cura di) "Gasparo architetto del suono", Città di Salò, 2009.

paragraph: [[Category:1540 births]]

paragraph: [[Category:1609 deaths]]

paragraph: [[Category:People from Salò]]

paragraph: [[Category:Luthiers]]

paragraph: [[Category:Bowed string instrument makers]]

description: Italian luthier

wikidata_label: Gasparo da Salò

wikipedia_title: Gasparo da Salò


text: Kearny

text: Denville

text: Carl Kress

text: John Serry Sr.

text: This Guy's in Love with You

text: Perry Como

text: Sid Caesar

text: Danger

text: The Tonight Show

text: Skitch Henderson

text: Hubert Humphrey

text: James Baldwin

text: Emmy Award

text: Frank Sinatra

text: Yazoo

text: ABC

text: Readers Digest

text: RCA Camden

text: Kapp

text: MGM

text: Columbia

text: Varèse Sarabande

text: Hep

text: John Serry Sr.

text: Frank Sinatra

text: Live at the Meadowlands

text: Cootie Williams

text: Cootie Williams in Hi-Fi

text: AllMusic

categories: 20th-century American guitarists,People from Kearny, New Jersey,2004 deaths,1918 births,American jazz guitarists,American people of Italian descent

paragraph: Tony Mottola

paragraph: Anthony C. Mottola (April 18, 1918 – August 9, 2004) was an American jazz guitarist who released dozens of solo albums. Mottola was born in Kearny, New Jersey and died in Denville.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Like many of his contemporaries, Mottola started out learning to play the banjo and then took up the guitar. He had his first guitar lessons from his father. He toured with an orchestra led by George Hall in 1936, marking the beginning of his professional life. His first recordings were duets with guitarist Carl Kress. In 1945 he collaborated with accordionist John Serry Sr. in a recording of "Leone Jump" for Sonora Records (MS-476-3) which was played in jukeboxes throughout the U.S. His only charted single as a soloist was "This Guy's in Love with You", which reached No. 22 on the "Billboard" magazine Easy Listening Top 40 in the summer of 1968.

paragraph: Mottola worked often on television, appearing as a regular on shows hosted by vocalist Perry Como and comedian Sid Caesar and as music director for the 1950s series "Danger". From 1958–1972, he was a member of "The Tonight Show" Orchestra led by Skitch Henderson. He composed music for the TV documentary "Two Childhoods", which was about Vice President Hubert Humphrey and writer James Baldwin, and won an Emmy Award for his work. In 1980, Mottola began performing with Frank Sinatra, often in duets, appearing at Carnegie Hall and the White House. He retired from the music business in 1988 but kept playing at home almost every day.

paragraph: Section::::Partial discography.

paragraph: Section::::Partial discography.:Command Records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1) "Mr. Big" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2) "Roman Guitar" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3) "Folk Songs" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4) "String Band Strum Along" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5) "Roman Guitar Volume 2" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6) "Spanish Guitar" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 7) Ro"mantic Guitar" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 8) "Guitar...Mottola" (previously released as "Mr. Big") (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 9) "Sentimental Guitar" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10) "Guitar Paris" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 11) "Command Performance" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12) "Love Songs of Mexico, South America" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 13) "Amor Mexico and South America" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 14) "Guitar U.S.A." (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 15) "Tony "Mr. Guitar" Mottola, Volume II" (1973)

paragraph: Section::::Partial discography.:Project 3 Records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16) "Heart & Soul Guitar" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 17) "Tony Mottola Joins the Guitar Underground" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 18) "Warm, Wild & Wonderful" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19) "Lush, Latin, and Lovely" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20) "Roma Oggi" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 21) "The Tony Touch" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 22) "Close to You (A Guitar for Lovers)" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 23) "Warm Feelings" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 24) "Superstar Guitar" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 25) "Tony & Strings" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 26) "Two Guitars for Two in Love" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 27) "I Gotta Be Me: The Guitar Artistry of Tony Mottola" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 28) "A Latin Love-In" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 29) "Tony Mottola and the Quad Guitars" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 30) "Holiday Guitars" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 31) "Tony Mottola and the Brass Menagerie" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 32) "Guitar Factory" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 33) "I Only Have Eyes for You" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 34) "My Favorite Things" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 35) "Feelings" (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 36) "Favorite Italian Songs" 1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 37) "Goin' Out of My Head" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 38) "Stardust" (previously released as "Warm Feelings") (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 39) "All the Way" (1983)

paragraph: Section::::Partial discography.:Other.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 40) "Fun on the Frets" – Tony Mottola and Carl Kress (Yazoo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 41) "Sixteen Great Performances" (ABC, 1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 42) "Guitar Jamboree" (Seagull, 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 43) "Guitar on Velvet" (Readers Digest, 1976 )

paragraph: BULLET::::- 44) "Midnight Magic" (Queue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 45) "Tony's Touch" (Grand Prix Series, 1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 46) "Let's Put Out the Lights" (RCA Camden)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 47) "A Guy and a Guitar" with Johnny Parker (Kapp)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 48) "Danger" (soundtrack) (MGM, 1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 49) "Hawaii Five-O" with Jimmy Mitchel (Design)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 50) "Little Red Monkey / Little Joe Worm" – with Rosemary Clooney (Columbia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 51) "The Tap Dance Record" (Columbia, 1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 52) "Heart & Soul Guitar" (Varèse Sarabande, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 53) "Swing to Bop Guitar" – Tony Mottola and others (Hep, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 54) "Dance Party" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 55) "Light Calvary Overture" (song title) with Al Duffy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 56) "Kings of the Jazz Guitar" – Tony Mottola and others (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 57) "Tony's Touch" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 58) "Tony Mottola, His Guitar and Orchestra" (MGM, 1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 59) "Accordion Capers" - Tony Mottola and John Serry Sr. in the Joe Biviano Accordion Sextette (Sonora, 1947)

paragraph: With Frank Sinatra

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the Meadowlands" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2014)

paragraph: With Cootie Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cootie Williams in Hi-Fi" (RCA Victor, 1958)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Tony Mottola] at AllMusic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tony Mottola performing on records archived on archive.org

description: guitarist

wikidata_label: Tony Mottola

wikipedia_title: Tony Mottola


text: electronic music

text: New Zealand

text: Auckland

text: Thela

text: Sigma Editions

text: Thela

text: Melbourne

text: Parmentier

text: Dion Workman

text: Sigma Editions

text: David Haines

text: Vladislav Delay

text: Alexander Trocchi

text: utopia

text: artist

text: London

text: Mattin

text: Eddie Prévost

text: Tetuzi Akiyama

text: Michael Morley

text: Lasse Marhaug

text: Campbell Kneale

text: David Mitchell

text: Fennesz

text: "Black Sea"

text: Auckland War Memorial Museum

text: Sigma Editions

text: Sigma Editions

text: Touch Records

text: Touch Records

text: Mattin

text: Eddie Prévost

text: Fennesz

text: Birchville Cat Motel

text: Pierre Bastien

text: Lukas Simonis

text: discography

text: Discography of Rosy Parlane

text: Discogs

text: AMG

text: Rosy Parlane at the Tate Modern

categories: New Zealand electronic musicians,Living people

paragraph: Rosy Parlane

paragraph: Rosy Parlane, also known as Paul Douglas, is an electronic musician from New Zealand who currently lives in Auckland, New Zealand. He was in the New Zealand trio Thela, then went on a solo career, as well as co-founding the Sigma Editions record label. He also played in the bands Empirical, Parmentier, Pit Viper, Plains, Rosenberg, Sakada, Codhaven and Amazing Broccoli.

paragraph: His solo music has been called "abstract, electronic-based music", "soundscapes of beauty and destruction" and "avant-techno".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Parlane co-founded the avant-garde rock trio Thela in Auckland, New Zealand in 1992. They released two LPs over the years. Thela disbanded four years later, after which Parlane burnt his guitar, moved to Melbourne, Australia, and began working on solo material. At that time, he also was part of the duo Parmentier with fellow Thela ex-member Dion Workman.

paragraph: In 1998, Parlane and Workman founded the Sigma Editions record label, which released music by themselves, David Haines, and Vladislav Delay. The name is a reference to Alexander Trocchi's plan for a utopian artist colony.

paragraph: Parlane moved to London in 2000 and formed the ensemble Sakada with Mattin and Eddie Prévost.

paragraph: In 2004 he released "Iris", which was described as "extraordinary passages of filigreed and tessellated electronic minutiae and static flutter that evoke the crystalline hissing of ice in white heat".

paragraph: In 2006 he released "Jessamine", which featured Tetuzi Akiyama using a samurai sword to play a resonator guitar. It finished with a piece featuring eight different guitarists, including Michael Morley, Stefan Neville, Lasse Marhaug, Campbell Kneale, Donald McPherson and David Mitchell.

paragraph: In 2008 he collaborated with Fennesz on a track on "Black Sea".

paragraph: In 2009 he exhibited a piece of audio art in the Sonic Museum exhibition at the Auckland War Memorial Museum and performed a live score for a film at the New Zealand International Film Festivals.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "#1-4" (1998, Sigma Editions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Getxo" (2002, Sigma Editions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iris" (2004, Touch Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jessamine" (2006, Touch Records)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: Parlane has released collaborations with artists such as Mattin, Eddie Prévost, Fennesz, Birchville Cat Motel, Pierre Bastien and Lukas Simonis.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- including discography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography of Rosy Parlane at Discogs

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Discography of Rosy Parlane] at AMG

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rosy Parlane at the Tate Modern

description: New Zealand musician

wikidata_label: Rosy Parlane

wikipedia_title: Rosy Parlane


text:
Moritzburg
Halle
Altenburg
Brandenburg
Saxe-Altenburg
Christian William of Brandenburg
Dorothea
Henry Julius
Moritzburg
Halle
Archbishopric of Magdeburg
Altenburg
Frederick William II
Online

categories: Duchesses of Saxe-Altenburg,1650 deaths,House of Hohenzollern,1616 births,German princesses,17th-century German people,German duchesses

paragraph: Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg

paragraph: Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg (1 February 1616 at Moritzburg Castle in Halle – 16 March 1650 at Altenburg Castle) was a Princess of Brandenburg by birth and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Sophie Elizabeth was the only child of Margrave Christian William of Brandenburg (1587-1665) from his first marriage with Dorothea (1596-1643), the daughter of the Duke Henry Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. The princess was born at Moritzburg Castle in Halle, where her father resided as administrator of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg.

paragraph: She married on 18 September 1638 in Altenburg to Duke Frederick William II of Saxe-Altenburg (1603-1669). The marriage was described as a happy one; however, it remained childless. She financially supported the construction of the Friedhof Church in Altenburg.

paragraph: Sophie Elisabeth died 16 March 1650 and was buried in the ducal crypt in the Brother Church in Altenburg.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- F. A. W. Dünnemann: "Stammbuch der brandenburgisch-preussischen Regenten", Nauck, 1831, p. 107

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Sebastian Mitternacht: "Trauer- und Trost-Ode : welche bey dem Fürstlichen Leichbegängnis der ... Sophien Elisabeten / Hertzogin zu Sachsen / Jülich / Cleve und Bergk ... des ... Friederich Wilhelmen / Hertzogen zu Sachsen ... Fürstlichen Gemahlin / höchstseligsten Andenckens ...", Fürstl. Sächß. Officin, Altenburg, 1650 (Online)

description: Duchess consort of Saxe-Altenburg

wikidata_label: Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg

wikipedia_title: Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg


href: Slovenes painting Levstik%20Award

text:
Slovene
painter
Levstik Award

categories: 2008 deaths,Slovenian male painters,20th-century Slovenian painters,Slovenian illustrators,1928 births,People from Ormož,Levstik Award laureates,University of Ljubljana alumni

paragraph: Savo Sovre

paragraph: Savo Sovre (7 July 1928 – 2008) was a Slovene painter also known for his illustrations of children's books.

paragraph: He won the Levstik Award in 1964 for his illustrations for a Primary School German Exercise Book, but also illsutrated many picture books and children's magazines.

paragraph: He founded the Sovre Art School in Ljubljana.

description: painter and illustrator

wikidata_label: Savo Sovre

wikipedia_title: Savo Sovre


text:
Najran Province
House of Saud
King Saud
Gulf War
Najran Province
Yemen
Saudi Arabia
Ismaili
King Abdullah
Eid al Fitr
Sunni
Najran
Mishaal bin Abdullah Al Saud
King Abdullah
Sultan bin Abdulaziz
Faisal bin Turki I bin Abdulaziz
Faisal bin Mishaal
al Qassim Province
Ahmed bin Salman

categories: Governors of provinces in Saudi Arabia,Living people,Saudi Arabian military personnel,1940 births

paragraph: Mishaal bin Saud Al Saud

paragraph: Mishaal bin Saud Al Saud (; born 1940) was the governor of the Najran Province from April 1997 to November 2008 and is a member of House of Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Prince Mishaal is one of King Saud's children.

paragraph: Section::::Early experience.

paragraph: Mishaal bin Saud was formerly military officer. He successfully led a national guard unit that was among the first sent to defend the northern border during the 1991 Gulf War. His military expertise provided him with the opportunity to hold the position in the Najran Province as governor.

paragraph: Section::::Governorship.

paragraph: Mishaal bin Saud was made governor of the Najran Province in April 1997. Najran Province is border-area with Yemen. Therefore, the possibility of terror cells crossing from Yemen into Saudi Arabia is a serious threat. Tensions among the Ismaili community remained high since Prince Mishaal's arrival as governor, leading to major protests in 2000. Ismailis accused the local government of harassment, discrimination and arbitrary arrest and detention. As a result, activists from Najran petitioned King Abdullah to remove Prince Mishaal. To succeed, Mishaal bin Saud must be able to govern the local Ismaili population and maintain stability. However, Najran Province became the scene of violent clashes in 2000, when hundreds of Ismailis clashed with police. Ismailis told that it was the spur for plans to reduce their presence in the province, but that the settlement policy could provoke more social unrest. On 23 April 2000, three months after the authorities closed down their mosques on the Ismaili day of Eid al Fitr, strained relations between Ismaili Najranis and the governor, Mishaal bin Saud, came to a head over the arrest of an Ismaili cleric.

paragraph: Saudi Shiites asked the authorities to decline the settlement plans of Sunni Muslim Yemenis in southern Saudi Arabia to change the demographic balance in favor of Sunnis, although they are the majority. The Ismaili Shiites of Najran said they had petitioned King Abdullah in 2006 to halt settlement of up to 10,000 Yemeni tribesmen in housing projects built for them on the surrounding area of Najran city.

paragraph: A protest letter sent in January 2008 to the Governor Mishaal bin Saud complained of marginalisation and said plans to settle another Yemeni tribe must stop. "We received assurances that some issues might be resolved, but others will take time," said Mohammed Al Askar, an Ismaili activist involved in drawing up the petition.

paragraph: Prince Mishaal's term was last renewed in April 2005. However, on 4 November 2008, King Abdullah issued a royal decree relieving Mishaal bin Saud from his duties as governor reportedly at his own request. However, it was commonly believed that he was removed from office for his inability to maintain positive relations with the Ismaili community.

paragraph: In other words, Mishaal bin Saud was relieved of his duties in November 2008 partly due to his inability to eliminate or at least, reduce tensions among the Ismailis in the province. On the other hand, as a result of increased violence across the border in Yemen as well as tensions between the Yemeni and Saudi governments, a secure and stable Najran province is all the more critical to the Kingdom. Mishaal ruled the province during a time of rapid deterioration in the relationship between the majority Ismaili residents and the provincial authorities. Eventually, Mishaal bin Abdullah Al Saud, son of King Abdullah, replaced him as the governor of the province in March 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Mishaal bin Saud is son-in-law of late Sultan bin Abdulaziz. He also married Princess Sara, a daughter of Faisal bin Turki I bin Abdulaziz. He has six children, five boys and a daughter.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Faisal bin Mishaal, born 1959. He was an advisor of late Sultan bin Abdulaziz. Then Faisal began to serve as the deputy governor of al Qassim Province. On 29 January 2015 he was made the governor of the province. He has four children: Prince Saud, Prince Sultan, Princess Lamiya, and Princess Najla.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Khalid, who has five children: Princess Al Anoud, Princess Mashael, Princess Lean, Prince Mansour, and Prince Abdulaziz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Lamya, was married to the late Prince Ahmed bin Salman. She has four daughters and a son.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Nawaf, who has three children: Prince Meshaal, Princess Norah, and Prince Abdulaziz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Abdulaziz, who has three daughters and a son.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Fahad, who has two children: Princess Lean and Prince Sultan.

description: Saudi Prince and politician

wikidata_label: Mishaal bin Saud

wikipedia_title: Mishaal bin Saud Al Saud


text:
Air-Marshal
Urdu
three-star
air officer
Pakistan Air Force
fighter pilot
aerial operations
second war
Afghan Monarch
Zahir Shah
Hazara people
Afghanistan
List of Hazara people
List of people from Quetta
Musa Khan Hazara
Samad Ali Changezi
Saira Batool

categories: 1932 births,People from Quetta,Pakistan Air Force air marshals,Pakistani people of Hazara descent,Hazara military personnel,Living people,Pakistan Air Force personnel

paragraph: Sharbat Ali Changezi

paragraph: Air-Marshal Sharbat Ali Changezi (Urdu: شربت على ݘݩگݐڒی; b. 10 March 1932), , is a retired three-star air officer in the Pakistan Air Force and a former fighter pilot who earned fame when he led aerial operations in the second war with India in 1965.

paragraph: In 1955, Changezi notably refused to meet the Afghan Monarch Zahir Shah, while he was on visit to Pakistan, because of the ill-treatment meted out to the Hazara people in Afghanistan.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Hazara people

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of people from Quetta

paragraph: BULLET::::- General Musa Khan Hazara

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samad Ali Changezi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saira Batool

description: Pakistani air marshal

wikidata_label: Sharbat Ali Changezi

wikipedia_title: Sharbat Ali Changezi


text:
organist
improvisation
Vadian
Paracelsus
Heinrich Isaac
Colorists
Radstadt
Salzburg
Nuremberg
Konrad Celtis
Frederick III
Innsbruck
Archduke Sigismund
Tyrol
Maximilian I
Saxon
Frederick the Wise
Passau
Augsburg
Salzburg
Salzburg Cathedral
Baroque
Dionisio Memno
St. Mark's
Venice
Venetian school
German songs
intabulation
lute
polyphonic
cantus firmus
bar form
chordal
Franco-Flemish
Josquin
Gombert
Gustave Reese

categories: Austrian classical composers,Renaissance composers,Cathedral organists,1537 deaths,Male organists,Organ improvisers,1459 births,Austrian classical organists

paragraph: Paul Hofhaimer

paragraph: Paul Hofhaimer (25 January 1459 – 1537) was an Austrian organist and composer. He was particularly gifted at improvisation, and was regarded as the finest organist of his age by many writers, including Vadian and Paracelsus; in addition he was one of only two German-speaking composers of the time (Heinrich Isaac was the other) who had a reputation in Europe outside of German-speaking countries. He is grouped among the composers known as the Colorists.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in Radstadt, near Salzburg. Sources are somewhat contradictory on his early life, with Vadian asserting that he was self-taught, and the Nuremberg humanist Konrad Celtis saying that he acquired his technique at the court of Emperor Frederick III. Hofhaimer went to Innsbruck in 1478, and so impressed Archduke Sigismund of Tyrol that he was given a lifetime appointment as court organist in 1480. He almost certainly knew Heinrich Isaac well while he was in Innsbruck, since Isaac became court composer there later that decade.

paragraph: In 1489 he began serving Maximilian I as organist, but he did this in addition to his Innsbruck service. In 1498, after several years of travel, during which time he visited the Saxon court of Elector Frederick the Wise, he moved to Passau, and in 1507 he moved to Augsburg, where he could be closer to Maximilian. Maximilian and the king of Poland made him a knight and nobleman in 1515, conferring on him the title of "First Organist to the Emperor". Hofhaimer's last move was to Salzburg, where he remained as organist at Salzburg Cathedral until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Music and influence.

paragraph: Hofhaimer was a spectacularly gifted improviser, and witnesses attested to his unequaled gift; he could play for hours, never repeating himself: "one would wonder not so much how the ocean gets all the water with which to feed the rivers, but how this man gets the ideas for all his melodies." Not only was he a performing musician, though, he was the teacher of an entire generation of German organists: and the famous school of German organists of the Baroque era can trace much of its lineage to Hofhaimer. In addition, some of the organists he trained went on to Italy, for example Dionisio Memno, who became organist at St. Mark's in Venice, and there passed on technique learned from Hofhaimer to the organists who were part of the early Venetian school.

paragraph: While he was most prolific as a composer for organ, little of that music has survived in its original form. Most of the surviving works are either German songs in three or four voices, or arrangements (intabulations) of them for either keyboard or lute. The large quantity of surviving copies of his songs from different locations in Europe, usually in arrangements, attests to their popularity. The handful of pieces for organ which have survived show Hofhaimer's gift for composing polyphonic lines around a cantus firmus.

paragraph: His German lieder are typical of the time, and usually in bar form, with one section being polyphonic and the other being more chordal. He rarely used the smooth polyphonic texture then being cultivated by the Franco-Flemish composers such as Josquin or Gombert, a style he probably first encountered in Innsbruck with the music of Isaac.

paragraph: Hofhaimer was also well known as an organ consultant, and frequently advised on the building and maintenance of organs.

paragraph: Section::::References and further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manfred Schuler, "Paul Hofhaimer", "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustave Reese, "Music in the Renaissance". New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luscinius, quoted by Manfred Schuler in New Grove article; paraphrased.

description: Austrian organist and composer

wikidata_label: Paul Hofhaimer

wikipedia_title: Paul Hofhaimer


text: Communist Party

text: World War II

text: Tykocin

text: Białystok

text: Poland

text: Belarus

text: Jewish

text: Pole

text: United States

text: Russian Revolution

text: Socialist Party of America

text: Polish Federation

text: Kosciuszko

text: Communist Party of America

text: Palmer Raids

text: Detroit, Michigan

text: Polish-language

text: Głos Robotniczy

text: Trybuna Robotnicza

text: Głos Ludowy

text: Polonia Society

text: International Workers Order

text: Chicago

text: Pittsburgh

text: Louis F. Budenz

text: Morris Childs

text: Illinois

text: Steel Workers Organizing Committee

text: Congress of Industrial Organizations

text: Phillip Murray

text: John L. Lewis

text: KGB

text: Oskar Lange

text: Polish

text: President

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

text: Joseph Stalin

text: World War II

text: Communist-dominated

text: United Nations

text: World Federation of Trade Unions

text: Polish People's Republic

text: Turkey

text: Konstanty Gebert

text: William Weinstone

text: FBI Venona file

text: Budenz, Louis

text: Haynes, John Earl

text: Klehr, Harvey

text: Klehr, Harvey

categories: Polish Jews,Members of the Communist Party USA,American people in the Venona papers,1895 births,People from Łomża Governorate,People from Tykocin,Polish United Workers' Party members,American spies for the Soviet Union,Congress Poland emigrants to the United States,Ambassadors of Poland to Turkey,Members of the Socialist Party of America,American people of Polish-Jewish descent,1986 deaths

paragraph: Bolesław Gebert

paragraph: Bolesław Konstanty "Bill" Gebert (22 July 1895 – 13 February 1986) was a top Communist Party official, remembered as one of the organization's top Polish-language speaking leaders. He was a Soviet agent during the years of World War II and was an official of the Polish Communist government after the war.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Bolesław Konstantin Gebert was born July 22, 1895 in the Tykocin the Białystok area, near the current border of Poland and Belarus. His father was a peasant of German-Jewish extraction, his mother an ethnic Pole.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Political career.

paragraph: Gebert immigrated from Poland to the United States prior to the Russian Revolution and found work as a miner. He was an active member of the Socialist Party of America working in the SPA's Polish Federation by 1915. He took part in the creation of the Kosciuszko League. Gebert was active in the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party In 1919 and a founding member of the Communist Party of America (CPA), and edited a Polish socialist newspaper. He was arrested in the Palmer Raids at the end of 1919 but was not deported. He was named to the governing Central Executive Committee of the CPA as an ostensible representative of the Polish Communist Federation in the wake of the deportation of Polish leader Daniel Elbaum in 1920.

paragraph: Gebert was in Detroit, Michigan by 1920, where he was editor of the three primary Polish-language publications: "Głos Robotniczy" (Workers' Voice), "Trybuna Robotnicza" (The Workers' Tribune), and "Głos Ludowy" (People's Voice).

paragraph: As well as working in his editorial capacity, Gebert was the Secretary of the Polish Bureau of the Workers (Communist) Party and was a fraternal delegate to the party's 6th National Convention, held in New York City in March 1929.

paragraph: In 1932, Gebert was a founder of the Polonia Society from the existing Polish-language section of the International Workers Order (IWO), an organization for which he remained as a national officer. He also served in the first half of the 1930s as District Organizer of the CPUSA's Chicago and Pittsburgh districts. Louis F. Budenz wrote of a conflict between Gebert and Morris Childs, District Organizer for Illinois, over Gebert's intrusion into Chicago and, in particular, over a "Czech comrade who was doing vital underground work for Gebert."

paragraph: In 1936 he went to work for the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC) of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in charge of efforts to organize fraternal organizations of foreign-born Americans. As such, Gebert organized a conference of said organizations in Pittsburgh at the end of 1936 — a gathering attended by 447 representatives of various national origins. The gather was addressed by Phillip Murray and greeted by John L. Lewis of the SWOC.

paragraph: Gebert was a frequent contributor to the theoretical monthly of the CPUSA, "The Communist," between the years 1933 and 1939.

paragraph: Gebert appears in nine intercepted KGB messages between May and October 1944. Gebert was the contact of fellow Soviet agent, Oskar Lange, a Polish economist who was a personal emissary from President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Joseph Stalin on the "Polish question". Another Venona message reports Gebert's demand for a $500 balance the KGB still owed him on a one thousand dollar contract to publish a Polish-language book.

paragraph: After World War II, Gebert returned to the now Communist-dominated Poland, where he assumed a leading position in the state-controlled labor unions. From 1949 to 1950, Gebert was Secretary of the World Peace Council and from 1950 to 1957, the editor of "Glosu Pracy".

paragraph: He returned to the United States in 1950 as United Nations representative of the World Federation of Trade Unions.

paragraph: From 1960 to 1967 Gebert served as the Polish People's Republic's Ambassador to Turkey.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death and legacy.

paragraph: Bill Gebert died in 1986. He was survived by his wife, Krystyna Poznańska-Gebert (1916–1991), and was the father of three children: a daughter and two sons, Konstanty Gebert (born 1953) prominent Polish journalist.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Books and pamphlets.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Factionalism -- the enemy of the auto workers" (with William Weinstone) Detroit, Communist Party of Michigan 1938

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Poland." Introduction by Arthur Upham Pope. New York: Polonia Society of the International Workers Order, 1945.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polacy w amerykańskich związkach zawodowych : notatki i wspomnienia." Kraków: n.p., 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Z Tykocina Za Ocean" ("From Tykocin Beyond the Ocean"). Warszawa: Czytelnik, 1982. "—Autobiography."

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trotskyism, Vanguard of the Counter-revolutionary Bourgeoisie," "The Communist," vol. 13, no. 1 (January 1934), pp. 62–71.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Check-Up on Control Tasks in the Chicago District," "The Communist," vol. 13, no. 7 (July 1934), pp. 711–717.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The General Strike in Terre Haute," "The Communist," vol. 14, no. 9 (September 1935), pp. 800–810.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Tasks in Developing Activity Within the Company Unions," "The Communist," vol. 15, no. 1 (January 1936), pp. 47–57.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The United Mine Workers' Union Convention," "The Communist," vol. 15, no. 3 (March 1936), pp. 211–219.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Steel Workers Give Their Mandate for Organization," "The Communist," vol. 15, no. 6 (June 1936), pp. 498–507.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Smashing Through Barriers to the Organization of the Steel Workers," "The Communist," vol. 15, no. 8 (August 1936), pp. 759–768.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- FBI Venona file

paragraph: BULLET::::- Budenz, Louis, "Men Without Faces: The Communist Conspiracy In America". New York: Harper, 1950, pgs. 55–58, 60–61, 252.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haynes, John Earl and Klehr, Harvey, "Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America" New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999, pgs. 234, 235, 239.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klehr, Harvey, "The Heyday of American Communism: The Depression Decade." New York: Basic Books, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ottanelli, Fraser M., "The Communist Party of the United States: From the Depression to World War II." New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Storch, Randi, "Red Chicago: American Communism at its Grassroots, 1928-35." Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "W Polsce nie jestem sam" (I Do Not Feel Alone in Poland), an interview with Robert Mazurek, "Przekroj," Issue 28, 2010. http://www.przekroj.pl/ludzie_rozmowy_artykul,7197.html?print=1

description: American Communist Party leader

wikidata_label: Bolesław Gebert

wikipedia_title: Bolesław Gebert