text:
Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm
German
Grand Prix
motorcycle
road racer
1996
BMW's
S1000RR
2009
Superbike World Championship
MotoRacingSchool

categories: Sportspeople from Bavaria,German motorcycle racers,500cc World Championship riders,250cc World Championship riders,1965 births,Living people

paragraph: Jürgen Fuchs (motorcyclist)

paragraph: Jürgen Fuchs (born 28 November 1965 in Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm) is a former German Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He achieved his best result in 1996 when he finished the year in fourth place in the 250cc world championship. Fuchs served as a development rider for BMW's new S1000RR motorcycle, scheduled to compete in the 2009 Superbike World Championship. Now he serves as a racing instructor at MotoRacingSchool.

paragraph: Section::::History of Racing.

paragraph: In 1994, he began with Germany's Grand Prix at the Hockenheimring in the 250 c.c. class. In his first World Championship race, Fuchs came 18th, and just missed out on collecting some points. In 1994, Fuchs had to contest a further four Grands Prix before entering the World Championship a year later.

paragraph: In his first complete season in the 250 c.c. World Championship, Fuchs achieved his best results in Argentina and Catalonia with eighth place at the season's end. He was to add further successes a year later. With the Netherlands Grand Prix at Assen, Fuchs was to stand on a World Championship podium for the first time on 29 June 1996 - behind his teammate and fellow-countryman Ralf Waldmann and ahead of a certain Max Biaggi. At the Nürburgring, A1 ring and in Rio de Janeiro, he added third places to this. Fuchs ended the season in fourth place - behind Biaggi, the world champion, Waldmann and Olivier Jacque.

paragraph: A year later, he rose to prominence in the 500 c.c. two-cylinder premium class. A sixth place in Brazil was to be the best result by Fuchs in the ELF 500. In 1998, the German returned to the 250 c.c. class and achieved his last of five Grand Prix podium positions - he came second, behind Valentino Rossi and in front of Haruchika Aoki. The season ended with a fall, which also brought Jürgen Fuchs' racing career to a premature end. Initially, Fuchs wanted to hang up his helmet for the last time, but after some time, his urge to ride returned and he became a fixture at the GP Racing School.

description: German motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Jürgen Fuchs

wikipedia_title: Jürgen Fuchs (motorcyclist)


text: Marie Antoinette

text: Théâtre de Monsieur

text: Italian opera

text: Pamiers

text: Bordeaux

text: Théâtre de Nicolet

text: Madame du Barry

text: lady-in-waiting

text: Rose Bertin

text: Madame du Barry

text: pouf

text: Duchess of Chartres

text: rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin

text: Jean-François

text: Madame Elizabeth

text: Italian opera

text: Jacques de Vismes du Valgay

text: Paris Opera

text: Mademoiselle Montansier

text: Théâtre de Versailles

text: King's Theatre, London

text: opera buffa

text: livres

text: Louis XVIII

text: Théâtre de Monsieur

text: French opera

text: French plays

text: "Vaudevilles à caractères"

text: Giovanni Viotti

text: her own theatre in Paris

text: privilège

text: The Times

text: Luxembourg Garden

text: Théâtre des Tuileries

text: Luigi Cherubini

text: Duke de Choiseul

text: flight to Varennes

text: Revolution

text: guillotined

text: Louis XVIII was restored to the throne

text: Church of Saint-Eustache

text: Count of Artois

text: messidor

text: Louis-François L'Héritier

text: Étienne-Léon de Lamothe-Langon

text: Le Sieur Beaulard

text: View

text: Google Books

text: Bashor, Will

text: View

text: Google Books

text: 41st year

text: Google Books

text: p. 323

text: Théodore Gosselin

text: View

text: Google Books

text: View

text: Google Books

text: Péricaud, Louis

text: View

text: Google Books

text: Copy

text: In two volumes (1838)

text: Gallica

text: 1909 edition

text: Google Books

text: 1912 edition

text: Internet Archive

categories: Impresarios,People from Pamiers,1751 births,1820 deaths,French hairdressers

paragraph: Léonard Autié

paragraph: Léonard-Alexis Autié, also Autier (c. 1751 – 20 March 1820), often referred to simply as Monsieur Léonard, was the favourite hairdresser of Queen Marie Antoinette and in 1788–1789 founded the Théâtre de Monsieur, "the first resident theatre in France to produce a year-round repertory of Italian opera."

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career as a hairdresser.

paragraph: Born in the medieval town of Pamiers in southwestern France, he was the son of Alexis Autié and Catherine Fournier, who were domestic servants. He spent time in Bordeaux, where he began to work as a hairdresser.

paragraph: In 1769 he moved to Paris, where he began styling the hair of Julie Niébert, an actress at the Théâtre de Nicolet. His unusual hairstyles immediately attracted attention, and he was soon styling the hair of women of the nobility, including Madame du Barry, Louis XV's mistress and the Marquise de Langeac, a lady-in-waiting to the Dauphine Marie-Antoinette. By 1772 he had become the hairstylist of the Dauphine herself.

paragraph: In January 1774, at the request of Marie Antoinette, Autié and Rose Bertin (her dressmaker) resuscitated the French fashion magazine, the "Journal des Dames". The princess funded the venture, and the financially desperate Baroness de Prinzen agreed to lend her name to the project as the "managing editor". Needless to say, the very first issue was highly laudatory of the Dauphine's dress and hair styles. It also featured a new hairstyle invented by Mademoiselle Bertin, the "ques-a-co" ("What is it?"), consisting of three feathers at the back of the head, forming something similar to a question mark. Soon it was worn by all the princesses at court, and even by the king's mistress Madame du Barry. Although Léonard and Rose were "like two good sisters", Léonard could not help feeling a bit jealous, and before long he invented the pouf, which was first worn in April 1774 by the Duchess of Chartres, but was soon adopted by Marie-Antoinette, who made it very popular.

paragraph: Autié's success allowed him to establish a hair-dressing school and studio, the "Académie de coiffeur" ("a virtual House of Léonard"), which was eventually situated in the rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin in Paris. He was joined in this enterprise by his two brothers, Pierre and Jean-François. Jean-François and their cousin Villanou also worked as hairdressers in the household of Marie-Antoinette, while Pierre worked for the king's sister, Madame Elizabeth. Taking advantage of their brother's fame, Pierre and Jean-François also used the name Léonard, creating much confusion for subsequent historians.

paragraph: By 1787 Léonard-Alexis had accumulated sufficient wealth that he no longer needed to dress hair for a living. He was still called "Coiffeur de la Reine" (Hairdresser to the Queen) and dressed Marie Antoinette's hair on commission for special occasions, such as galas and balls. His youngest brother, Jean-François, was responsible for dressing her hair on a daily basis and also took over as the head of the "Académie de coiffure".

paragraph: Section::::Théâtre de Monsieur.

paragraph: Marie Antoinette was very fond of opera, especially Italian opera. She had supported the efforts of Jacques de Vismes du Valgay, director of the Royal Academy of Music (Paris Opera), to produce Italian operas on numerous occasions from June 1778 to March 1780, and also those of Mademoiselle Montansier, director of the Théâtre de Versailles, to import the Italian troupe of the King's Theatre, London, for a successful season of opera buffa in the late summer of 1787.

paragraph: With Marie Antoinette's encouragement Léonard soon began a new career as an opera impresario. Not having sufficient capital, he formed a partnership with Montansier, who provided 100,000 "livres" for the enterprise. The responsibility of being a royal patron of theatre traditionally fell to the elder of the reigning king's younger brothers, who was referred to as Monsieur. The Count of Provence (the future Louis XVIII) was not particularly interested in opera and did not fund the new theatre or participate in any direct way, but he did allow his name to be used. Thus the new theatre was to be called the Théâtre de Monsieur. However, Montansier and Léonard soon had a major disagreement. Léonard was very ambitious and wanted to present four genres: French opera, Italian opera, French plays, and "Vaudevilles à caractères", whereas Montansier wanted to focus on Italian opera and the formation of a permanent troupe of first-rate Italian singers. She finally agreed to withdraw, but only if she was repaid her entire investment of 100,000 "livres" and an annuity of 20,000 "livres" per year for life. Léonard turned to the Italian violinist Giovanni Viotti, who was also in the service of Marie Antoinette. Viotti was able to provide some money, but not the entire amount. Léonard and Viotti finally persuaded Montansier to accept 40,000 "livres" plus the annuity. She would later open her own theatre in Paris to compete with the Théâtre de Monsieur.

paragraph: By 7 April 1788 Autié had been given sole ownership of the "privilège" to operate the theatre, with a term of 30 years. On 28 May a society of investors was formed, with a board of directors mainly composed of lawyers and notaries. On 18 June "The Times" of London reported "Parisian Intelligence, Paris 9 June. Leonard, the Queen's hairdresser, has obtained the patent for the comic Opera-House which is going to be erected at the Luxembourg. Cherubini and Viotti are to be the ostensible managers." In fact, the Luxembourg Garden was considered as a site for the new theatre, but the Théâtre des Tuileries was the one finally selected. The Italian composer Luigi Cherubini was not immediately involved but joined the enterprise later. The Théâtre de Monsieur opened on 26 January 1789 and was successful with audiences. It earned the distinction of being the first French theatre to produce Italian opera on a year-round basis. Expenses seemed always to exceed the receipts, and soon Léonard was in even more financial difficulty, but it was other events beyond his control that were to prove more critical to his eventual withdrawal from the project.

paragraph: Section::::French Revolution and after.

paragraph: In June 1791, his brother Jean-François Autié accompanied the Duke de Choiseul during the royal family's flight to Varennes. After the royal family's arrest, Jean-François went abroad and was joined there by Leónard-Alexis. After three months, Léonard-Alexis returned to Paris. As the Revolution progressed and the situation for those associated with Marie Antoinette deteriorated, Léonard-Alexis left France again (probably in late June 1792) and eventually went to Russia. Jean-François remained in France and, due to his involvement in the flight to Varennes, was guillotined on 25 July 1794. Léonard-Alexis did not return to France until 1814, after Louis XVIII was restored to the throne.

paragraph: Léonard-Alexis Autié died in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Léonard-Alexis Autié married in Paris around 1779, and on 13 September 1781 his daughter Marie Anne Elisabeth was baptized at the Church of Saint-Eustache. The baptismal document identifies his wife as Marie Louise Adélaïde Jacobie Malacrida, who was the daughter of Jacques Malacrida, an "officier de bouche" (kitchen assistant) for the Count of Artois. A second daughter, Louise Françoise Alexandrine, was born on 6 January 1786 and baptized on 8 January with Jean-François Autié acting as her godfather and her maternal grandmother, Louise Catherine Malacrida, as her godmother. A third daughter, Fanny, was born around 1789, and a son, Auguste–Marie, on 27 November 1790. When Léonard-Alexis emigrated, his wife refused to follow and obtained a divorce on 29 messidor an II (17 July 1794). When he died in 1820, he did not leave a will, and his two surviving children, Alexandrine and Fanny shared 716 francs and a small collection of jewels, the most important of which was a brooch, a bird of paradise valued at 3 francs, which he is presumed to have received for his services to Marie Antoinette.

paragraph: Section::::Memoirs.

paragraph: His supposed memoirs were published posthumously in 1838 by Alphonse Levavaseur in Paris as "Souvenirs de Léonard, coiffeur de la reine Marie-Antoinette". The authenticity of this book is disputed: its actual authorship has been attributed to Louis-François L'Héritier or Étienne-Léon de Lamothe-Langon.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Le Sieur Beaulard

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autié, Léonard [authorship disputed] (1838). "Souvenirs de Léonard, coiffeur de la reine Marie-Antoinette". Paris: Alphonse Levavaseur. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Babeau, Albert (1895). "Le théâtre des Tuileries sous Louis XIV, Louis XV et Louis VI". Paris: Sociét´de l'Histoire de Paris. View via Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bashor, Will (2013). "Marie Antoinette's Head: The Royal Hairdresser, the Queen, and the Revolution". Guilford, Connecticut: Lyons Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bord, Gustave (1909). "La Fin de deux légendes. L'affaire Léonard". Paris: H. Dragon. View via Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Di Profio, Alessandro (2003). "La révolution des Bouffons : L'opéra italien au Théâtre de Monsieur 1789–1792". Paris: CNRS Editions. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Author unknown. Title unknown, "L'intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux", 41st year (via Google Books). Paris, 1905.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fayolle; Michaud jeune (1842). "Léonard" in Michaud 1842, p. 323.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lenôtre, G. [pseudonym of Théodore Gosselin] (1905). "Le Drame de Varennes". Paris: Perrin. View via Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lister, Warwick (2009). "Amico: The Life of Giovanni Battista Viotti" Oxford: Oxford University Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michaud, Joseph-François, editor (1842). "Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne", supplement, vol. 71. Paris: Michaud. View via Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Péricaud, Louis (1908). "Théâtre de "Monsieur "" Paris: Jorel. View via Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tackett, Timothy (2003). "When the King Took Flight". Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vuaflart, Albert (1916). "La maison du comte de Fersen, rue Matignon. La journée du 20 juin 1791 – Monsieur Léonard". Paris. Copy via Gallica.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Souvenirs de Léonard, coiffeur de la reine Marie-Antoinette". In two volumes (1838) at Gallica.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Recollections of Léonard, Hairdresser to Queen Marie-Antoinette", translated from the French by E. Jules Méras. 1909 edition at Google Books. 1912 edition at Internet Archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marie Antoinette's Head: The Royal Hairdresser, the Queen, and the Revolution" by Will Bashor (2013) – Lyons Press page

alias:
Monsieur Léonard
Léonard-Alexis Autié
Léonard Autier
Leonard Autie
Monsieur Leonard
Leonard-Alexis Autie
Leonard Autier

description: coiffeur, theatre entrepreneur

wikidata_label: Léonard Autié

wikipedia_title: Léonard Autié


text: new media

text: Columbia College Chicago

text: Chicago

text: Tufts University

text: Hebrew University

text: Bezalel Academy of Art and Design

text: University of Notre Dame

text: augmented reality

text: propaganda

text: John Michael Kohler Arts Center

text: Trevor Paglen

text: Studio of Mat Rappaport

text: v1b3 (video in the built environment)

paragraph: Mat Rappaport

paragraph: Mat Rappaport (born 1971) is an internationally exhibited new media and installation artist, curator, and educator. He is currently an associate professor at Columbia College Chicago, a board member of the New Media Caucus, and a founding member of v1b3 (Video in the Built Environment). He currently lives and works in Chicago.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Rappaport earned a BFA from the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and Tufts University. While an undergraduate Rappaport spend a year studying at Hebrew University and the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem, Israel. Upon returning to the United States, he was an intern in Objects Conservation at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Rappaport received his MFA in Studio Art from the University of Notre Dame.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Rappaport's projects include video installation, public art interventions, mobile media performance, and interactive installation dealing primarily with the mutability of architecture and media representation as sites of meaning. His creative works and published writing explore public art and media. Specific works include "a game we play" an augmented reality application to impose a video game atmosphere onto the Chicago Financial District. The project was funded by a Propeller Fund grant from threewalls in Chicago., touristic intents, a multi-modal documentary art project that explores the use of architecture and tourism as a projection of political ideology and propaganda., and "current", a site-specific video and sound installation, made for showing over the Delaware River, between New York and Pennsylvania. A flashlight is programmed to flash morse code over the river at a video screen on the opposite side. The code spells out a portion of the Constitution about interstate trade. Earlier works, such as "way", a single channel video, made in 2005 has been critically reviewed. His work has been featured in a wide range of exhibition venues, including the Under Surveillance exhibition at the John Michael Kohler Arts Center, along with other well-known artists such as Trevor Paglen and William Betts, who deal with surveillance in the contemporary world.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: 2011 Propeller Grantbr

paragraph: Propeller Fund, Chicago, ILbr

paragraph: 2006 Howard Fellowshipbr

paragraph: Howard Foundation, Brown University, Providence, RIbr

paragraph: Center for 21st Century Studies Fellowship

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio of Mat Rappaport

paragraph: BULLET::::- v1b3 (video in the built environment)

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Mat Rappaport

wikipedia_title: Mat Rappaport


text:
Copenhagen
Denmark
Oslo
Norway
Norwegian
trombonist
Slide Hampton
Phil Woods
Bill Watrous
Monty Alexander
Donna Summer
Blood, Sweat and Tears
Jazzpunkensemblet
Manhattan School of Music
Oslo Groove Company
jazz
Blood, Sweat & Tears
NOPA
Work of the year
CrazyEnergy official website
Biografi fra Norsk Jazzarkiv

categories: Norwegian jazz trombonists,Musicians from Oslo,20th-century Norwegian trombonists,21st-century Norwegian trombonists,Living people,1956 births,21st-century male musicians,21st-century trombonists,Norwegian jazz composers,Jazz bandleaders,Male jazz composers,Male trombonists,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Jens Wendelboe

paragraph: Jens Wendelboe (born 28 February 1956 in Copenhagen, Denmark and raised in Oslo, Norway), is a Norwegian trombonist, composer, music arranger and orchestra leader, known from collaborations with artists like Slide Hampton, Phil Woods, Bill Watrous, Monty Alexander, Donna Summer and Blood, Sweat and Tears.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Wendelboe was educated at the "Østlandske Musikkonservatorium" (1975–79), joined the "Radiostorbandet" in 1980–84 and 1985–90, and was part of the Jazzpunkensemblet 1982–84, and led his first big band in 1983. He holds a master's degree at the Manhattan School of Music (1984–85), and released at the same time the big band album "Letter from New York" with American musicians. From 1985, he was in charge of the Big band Oslo Groove Company, and led his own big band "Big Crazy Energy Band and jazz Quartet". Otherwise, he was the conductor and arranger for singer Donna Summer and also for a series of stage productions and television shows and led the orchestra in the period 1985–1987. From 1991 he has been leading his own Big Crazy Energy Band, and the Crazy Energy Jazz Quartet. From 2006-2014 he was the regular trombonist with the legendary American jazz/rock-band Blood, Sweat & Tears.

paragraph: He has received the NOPA award for Work of the year three times as a composer, for "Suite to Bjørn" (1982), "Animal-Suite for 5 tromboner" (1986) and "Winter Landscape" (1996).

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AMC (American Mussic Center) 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Lys Music Composition Contest" 2nd Prize for Jazz Orchestra Belgium 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000-2002. Scholarship to write a symphony.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwegian Association for Popular Authors, stipend 1990, 1996, 1999, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barga Jazz '92. 2nd Prize, International Arr. & Composition competition for Jazz Orchestra, Italy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tono, stipend 1990, 1996, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwegian Association for Popular Authors' (NOPA) Prize of the Year for Best Composition, 1982 and 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwegian Composers Union, Anders Klæstads Scholarship.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Composers Foundation, Scholarship, Oslo 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The City of Oslo, Cultural Stipend, 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- Study Scholarships by TONO (Ascap), (2) NOPA, Found. for Performing Artists Norwegian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Government Establishing Scholarship & Travel and Cultural Stipend. 1980, 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denmark Radio Cup, 1988 for originally composed orchestra piece.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grammy nominated with the BS&T horn section on two Jeff Lorber CDs: «He Had A Hat» 2009 and «Now Is The Time» 2010

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: " 'lone attic" – Jens Wendelboe Big Band (NOPA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Letter From New York" – Jens Wendelboe New York Big Band (NOPA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "Big Crazy Energy Band Vol. 1" – Jens Wendelboe (NOPA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: "Big Crazy Energy Band Vol. 2" – Jens Wendelboe (NOPA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Crazy Energy Jazz Quartet" – Crazy Energy Jazz Quartet (Crazy Music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Strolling with the Groove" – Jens Wendelboe (Rosa Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Get Crazy" – Crazy Energy Jazz Quartet (Crazy Music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "LOGOS" – Cantata for: Choir, Soloists, Symphony Orchestra, Rhythm and Horn section (LYNOR)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "A Look Inside" – The Military Band, Western Region of the Norwegian Armed Forces (FMKV)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Inspirations" – Jens Wendelboe's Big Crazy Energy New York Band (Rosa CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Fresh Heat" – The Jens Wendelboe New York Band (Rosa CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Erobreren (The Conqueror)" Symphony Orchestra Film score for a mini, TV series

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CrazyEnergy official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biografi fra Norsk Jazzarkiv

description: musician

wikidata_label: Jens Wendelboe

wikipedia_title: Jens Wendelboe


text: road bicycle racer

text: ballet

text: handball

text: track and field

text: Leipzig

text: individual pursuit

text: track time trial

text: sprint

text: Rudolf Franz

categories: East German female cyclists,Living people,Sportspeople from Dresden,1940 births

paragraph: Andrea Elle

paragraph: Andrea Elle (born 1940) is a former East German road bicycle racer.

paragraph: Section::::Sports.

paragraph: Elle started her career as a ballet dancer, handball player, and track and field athlete before eventually settled on cycling.

paragraph: Elle raced for "SC Einheit Berlin" cycling club. At the 1960 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Leipzig she placed third in the individual pursuit. In 1963, she won the GDR Road Bicycle Racing championship, after coming second in 1958; the following year, 1959, she was third. She won the GDR track time trial championship in 1960, 1961 and 1964, and placed second in 1962 and 1963. In 1960, she also won the sprint.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1964, she married cyclist Rudolf Franz.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meister-Ehepaar mit hohen Zielen", in: "Der Radsportler", hg. v. Deutscher Radsport-Verband der DDR, Ausgabe vom 5. April 1968, Seite 8f.

description: German racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Andrea Elle

wikipedia_title: Andrea Elle


text: Kolkata

text: West Bengal

text: Ananda Purashkar

text: Dadri incident

text: Lady Brabourne College

text: MBBS

text: Mandakranka Sen

text: Goodreads

categories: 1972 births,Women writers from West Bengal,Bengali writers,Bengali female poets,Living people

paragraph: Mandakranta Sen

paragraph: Mandakranta Sen (born 15 September 1972, Kolkata, West Bengal) is an Indian poet writing in Bengali. She studied in a medical college but quit before the final exams and became a full-time writer. She was awarded Ananda Purashkar for her first poetry book. She later went on to receive the Swarnajayanti Special Sahitya Akademi Young Writers Award which she returned in 2015 to protest against the Dadri incident and the attacks on writers and rationalists.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Kolkata, Mandakranta completed her secondary education from Sakhawat Memorial Govt. Girls' High School and higher secondary from Lady Brabourne College. She later went on to study MBBS at Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital but dropped out in between.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mandakranka Sen on Goodreads

description: Indian writer

wikidata_label: Mandākrāntā Sen

wikipedia_title: Mandakranta Sen


text: teaching artist

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Manhattan

text: Queens

text: Bronx

text: Cooper Union

text: Teachers College Columbia University

text: Norman Bel Geddes

text: Teachers’ College

text: Fieldston School

text: NBC

text: Metropolitan Museum of Art

text: Philadelphia Museum College of Art

text: State University of New York at Buffalo

text: art education

text: Teachers College, Columbia University

text: Black Mountain College

text: New York University

text: Southampton College

text: art education

text: Teachers College Columbia University

text: Amagansett, New York

text: modern art

text: modern art

text: John Dewey

text: 1958 Brussels World's Fair

text: The Asia Society

text: Jacqueline Kennedy

text: Indira Gandhi

text: New Delhi

text: The Harlem School of the Arts

text: Head Start

text: The Ford Foundation

text: The New York Times

text: Betty Blayton Taylor

text: Harlem

text: Walter Gropius

text: Waldo Frank

text: Hale Woodruff

text: Viktor Lowenfeld

text: Marcel Breuer

text: Margaret Mead

text: Archibald Macleish

text: Meyer Schapiro

text: Robert Motherwell

text: Ben Shahn

text: Buckminster Fuller

text: Joan Miró

text: Martha Graham

text: Edward Hopper

text: Georgia O’Keeffe

text: Alexander Calder

text: Marc Chagall

text: William Zorach

text: Jacques Lipchitz

text: José De Creeft

text: Henri Cartier-Bresson

text: Ben Grauer

text: Rene d'Harnoncourt

text: John D. Rockefeller 3rd

text: art education

text: found object

categories: Cooper Union alumni,New York University faculty,Teachers College, Columbia University alumni,Black Mountain College faculty,1987 deaths,Artists from New York City,Pratt Institute alumni,1904 births,American people of Italian descent

paragraph: Victor D'Amico

paragraph: Victor D'Amico (May 19, 1904 – April 1, 1987) was an American teaching artist and the founding Director of the Department of Education of the Museum of Modern Art, New York. D’Amico explored the essence of the art experience as spiritual involvement, and the ability to communicate one's most profound ideas and emotions through aesthetic expression. He considered that the individual's personality had to be respected and developed by providing opportunities for creative experimentation. D'Amico's philosophy was based on the fundamental faith in the creative potential in every man, woman and child. He believed "that the arts are a humanizing force and their major function is to vitalize the living."

paragraph: Recognizing learning as a process that is unique in each individual, D'Amico embraced the different ways in which each person's experience, ability and perception require a different approach to teaching. Teaching by this informal process, according to D'Amico, meant that the teacher must be constantly sensitive to the needs of each individual so as to stimulate and satisfy emerging interests. Victor D'Amico was not only a remarkable artist and teacher, but also a visionary and pioneer of modern art education.

paragraph: Section::::Life and works.

paragraph: Victor D’Amico was born in May 19, 1904 in New York City. D’Amico was one of the eleven children (seven boys and four girls) born to Concetta Paula (Jennie) Vitale and Domenico Emilio D’Amico. Victor D’Amico's mother and father were born in Italy. Concetta arrived to the United States when she was one year old while Domenico emigrated to the United States when he was nineteen.

paragraph: Victor D’Amico spent his childhood in Manhattan, Queens and the Bronx (New York City); and Cuyahoga in Cleveland (Ohio).

paragraph: Victor attended the Cooper Union, studying fine arts, illustration, and costume design (1920–1922); Pratt Institute, studying art education (1924–1926) and Teachers College Columbia University (1926–1930) where he earned his B. S. and M.S. D’Amico also studied and worked with Norman Bel Geddes (1928–29).

paragraph: While studying at Teachers’ College, D’Amico was hired as art teacher and Head of the Art Department of the Fieldston Schools, Riverdale, NYC from 1926 to 1948. While working at Fieldston, D’Amico joined MoMA part-time as director of the Educational Project in 1937. In 1948 D’Amico started working full-time at MoMA as Director of the Education Department and remained in the post until he retired in 1969. At MoMA, D’Amico created and directed the Young People's Gallery, the Children's Art Carnival (in New York, Italy, Spain, Belgium, India and Harlem), the Committee on Art Education,the Veterans Art Center, The People's Art Center and the Napeague Institute of Art best known as the Art Barge. D’Amico also produced Through the Enchanted Gate, a NBC television program presented in 1952 and 1953.

paragraph: D’Amico's most significant writings include "Theatre Arts", "Visual Arts in General Education", "Creative Teaching in Art", "How to Make Pottery and Ceramic Sculpture", "How to Make Modern Jewelry", "How to Make Objects of Wood", "Art for the Family", "Experiments in Creative Art Teaching", "Found Objects", Collage Kit, and The Art of Assemblage. D’Amico authored many research papers published in different journals and lectured widely in the US and abroad.

paragraph: Following D'Amico's retirement from MoMA, he taught classes for New York City Grade Teachers at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NYC and remained as Director of the Napeague Institute of Art, later renamed the Victor D’Amico Institute of Art, a non-profit art education organization on eastern Long Island.

paragraph: D'Amico was granted the Medal of Honor by The National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. for Outstanding Service in the Field of Art Education on March 17, 1966. He received the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Fine Arts by the Philadelphia Museum College of Art in June 8, 1964 and received a Citation of Merit by the State University of New York at Buffalo, April 13, 1964.

paragraph: Victor D’Amico combined his museum and school work with university and college teaching. He taught art education at Teachers College, Columbia University (1932, 1934–42), Black Mountain College (1944), the New York University (1965–72) and Southampton College (1969).

paragraph: While teaching art education at Teachers College Columbia University in the 1930s, D’Amico met Mabel Birckhead, a bright student and a fine artist teacher. In 1945 they got married. Victor and Mabel D’Amico lived in the house they built in Lazy Point, Amagansett.

paragraph: Victor D’Amico died on April 1, 1987, in Amagansett, New York, at the age of 82.

paragraph: Section::::Art, a Human Necessity.

paragraph: D’Amico believed that developing an aesthetic vision and art practice was both personally and collectively enriching, as it allowes for a greater appreciation of the natural and built world. Regardless of artistic talent, D’Amico considered that creativity is intrinsic to every individual and should be fostered through art education

paragraph: D’Amico stressed the importance of discouraging imitation and supporting individual expression. By challenging accepted norms and encouraging unconventional perspectives, D’Amico argued that the value of art making far surpassed that of the final product. It was the process and experience of interacting with art itself that inspired new thought. D’Amico therefore dedicated his life to the creation of programs that allowed children and adults to explore their creative potential and heighten their sensitivity to the artistic potential in everyday life.

paragraph: The study of modern art was central to D’Amico's educational philosophy. He believed that lived experience was intrinsically linked to modern art. A student's physical environment therefore held an important role in their educational development. D’Amico stressed that through art making, a student would be introduced to elements of design: color, shape and composition that would emerge in everyday objects. The use of motivational toys became integral to his practice. As he notes, “toys have an important place is creative growth of the child...They are his first possessions and the objects of profound interest and affection. Through them he is introduced to the elements of design, texture, pattern, form, color and rhythms as they become the tools of his activity and his imagination.”

paragraph: D’Amico also explored the role of parents as teachers. In his thirteen-week television series "Through the Enchanted Gate" (1952–53) and subsequent publication "Art for the Family""," D’Amico stressed that “all people have creative ability and that anyone at any age can enjoy and develop his aptitudes in art.” Developing the creative interests of his student's parents would help ensure the presence of art in the home and promote a student's individualized tactile development, artistic collaboration, and aesthetic sensitivity.

paragraph: D’Amico was influenced by John Dewey’s experience-based pedagogy and utilized environment to stimulate creativity. In turn, he often took a laboratory style approach to learning. D’Amico promoted engagement and interactivity in many of his museum programs and exhibitions. From the Children’s Art Carnival, which promoted play as a form of motivation, to the Young People’s Gallery, which gave high school students the rare experience of curating an exhibition, D’Amico expanded the boundaries of the classroom.

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.

paragraph: For more than three decades (1937–1969), D’Amico served as the Director of MoMA’s Education Department. D’Amico's programs included: the Young People’s Gallery, the National Committee on Art Education, The War Veterans’ Art Center, the People's Art Center, the Children's Art Carnival, and Classes for Parents and Children.

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.:The New York City High School Program.

paragraph: The program for the New York City High Schools began at the Museum of Modern Art in 1937 as a privately financed experiment involving the participation of twelve schools and The Museum of Modern Art. It included exhibitions sent to schools and a Young People's Gallery at the Museum containing exhibitions designed for and by young people. After the first two-year pilot, this program expanded through the funding of the Museum and the Board of Education. Schools were supplied with more than 100 visual aids, including exhibitions, slide talks, teaching models, teaching portfolios and films, which were seen by more than 350,000 school children each year. Exhibits, libraries of color reproductions, museum books which students could borrow and take home, teaching portfolios designed for classroom use and art films were among the materials that circulated. "The record of this program," Victor D'Amico said, "and the exhibitions are a tribute to the Board of Education teachers whose interest sustained the program and whose cooperation with the Museum over the years has been an adventure." Olive Reilly, Director of Art of the Board of Education, called the program "an outstanding example of the fine contribution that a museum, through its educational department, can make to public school education."

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.:The Young People's Gallery.

paragraph: The Young People's Gallery was opened under the direction of Victor D’Amico on December 1, 1937. The Young People's Gallery was an “educational experiment” with the intent of making the Museum's collection more accessible to New York public and private schools. All exhibitions shown in the Young People's Gallery were selected for, or by, pupils in the art classes of secondary schools. Student juries composed of delegates from all the schools selected and hung the exhibitions. The project sought to give students a hands-on experience curating and producing art exhibitions.

paragraph: Victor D'Amico designed special equipment in the Young People's gallery so that it served both as gallery and art studio. This included community easels, a continuous chain of desks folded flat against two of the walls and a large screen that covered an entire wall of the gallery that could be opened to form narrow drop shelves on which paintings may be stood and easily removed to make way for more paintings during demonstrations and lectures to classes.

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.:The Children's Art Carnival.

paragraph: In 1942, D’Amico founded the widely acclaimed Children's Art Carnival program at the Museum of Modern Art, where it would be presented periodically for over twenty years. D’Amico initially conceived of the Children's Art Carnival as an experiment in art education that would be offered to children throughout New York City. In line with his seminal belief that art education should focus on individual experimentation as opposed to the practice of rote techniques, The Children's Art Carnival fostered an environment in which children were encouraged to make creative decisions. As D’Amico writes in his book, "Experiments in Creative Art Teaching", the directive of the Children's Art Carnival was “...to free the child of his clichés or imitative mannerisms and to help him discover his own way of seeing and expressing.” Within each hour-long session, children ranging in age from three to twelve engaged in a series of motivational activities. Aside from the trained teachers, adults were not permitted. The first half of the workshop was for children to interact with a series of motivational toys that encouraged the exploration of line, color, and form that would be stimulate their art making. They were then brought to a studio where they had open access to a variety of mediums and materials. While The Children's Art Carnival encouraged individual expression and exploration, D’Amico stressed the import role of the teacher. As he noted, it is the teacher's responsibility to be sensitive to the needs of their students and create an open environment that both motivates and informs.

paragraph: The Children's Art Carnival went on to receive international recognition. In 1957, the Museum of Modern Art presented the program at the International Trade Fairs in Milan and Barcelona. The program was then featured in the United States Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels World's Fair in Belgium. In 1962, on behalf of the International Council of The Museum of Modern Art and The Asia Society, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy presented The Children's Art Carnival to Indira Gandhi as a gift for the National Children's Museum in New Delhi, India. In 1963 the program toured major cities throughout India. In 1969, the Museum of Modern Art sponsored the incorporation of the Children's Art Carnival at The Harlem School of the Arts, where it was free to Harlem residents in Head Start programs, day care centers, public schools and numerous neighborhood organizations.

paragraph: The Children's Art Carnival was initially financed by the Museum of Modern Art, with subsequent contributions from individuals and foundations, including The Ford Foundation, The New York Times Foundation, The New York Fund for Children, the Van Amerigen Fund, and the Heckscher Foundation for Children. Betty Blayton Taylor served as the Carnival's Executive Director, with the aid of Consulting and Advisory Boards composed of Harlem residents.

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.:The National Committee on Art Education.

paragraph: The National Committee on Art Education was started in 1942 as an attempt to rebel against the business interests of larger national arts organizations. Chaired by D’Amico and funded by the Museum of Modern Art the committee grew during the first few years to over a thousand members, most of them art professionals. The committee, which met annually, sought to question and transform art education practices of the time (contests, copy books and paint-by-number kits, and teacher training). The Committee on Art Education gathered a range of thinkers, artists and educators including Walter Gropius, Waldo Frank, Hale Woodruff, Viktor Lowenfeld, Belle Boas, Marcel Breuer, Herbert Read, Margaret Mead, Archibald Macleish, Meyer Schapiro, Robert Motherwell and Ben Shahn amongst others as keynote speakers. The committee also organized meetings with artists like Buckminster Fuller, Joan Miró, Martha Graham, Edward Hopper, Georgia O’Keeffe, Alexander Calder, Marc Chagall, William Zorach, Jacques Lipchitz, José De Creeft and Henri Cartier-Bresson amongst others.

paragraph: Labelling itself as “an avant-garde group,” the committee became prestigious for its noted affiliates and associations with MoMA.

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.:The War Veteran's Art Center.

paragraph: The Museum of Modern Art's Armed Services Program, established during World War II, supplied art materials to men and women in uniform through the United Service Organization. With the end of the war, the program expanded its offerings at the MoMA. The War Veteran Art Center opened in the summer of 1944 on West Fifty-sixth Street, with additional studio spaces at 681 Fifth Avenue. From 1944 to 1948, the center was devoted exclusively to veterans “to discover the best and the most effective ways of bringing about, through the arts, the readjustment of the veteran to civilian life.” D’Amico insisted on distinguishing the work of the War Veterans’ Art Center from art therapy, with the expectation that veterans would develop their own individual aptitude. The program eventually expanded into the People's Art Center, which accepted non-veterans.

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.:The People's Art Center.

paragraph: The People's Art Center grew out of the structure and success of the War Veteran's Art Center. It opened in 1948 and offered classes in painting, ceramics, collage, and assemblage. Approximately 800 children and 500 adults attended the classes weekly.

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.:Through the Enchanted Gate.

paragraph: In 1952 and 1953, MoMA and WNBC-WNBT co-produced a television series called Through the Enchanted Gate created by Victor D’Amico and NBC vice president Ted Cott. Hosted by Ben Grauer and D’Amico himself, the series broadcast art projects and activities that took place at the People's Art Center to a national audience. Instructional pamphlets were available to families to try the exercises at home. Rene d'Harnoncourt, Director of the Museum during the 1950s, felt that "Through the Enchanted Gate points the way to far-reaching possibilities in the Museum's constant aim to extend all its educational opportunities to wider and wider audiences."

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.:The Children's Art Caravan.

paragraph: Victor D’Amico was intent on expanding the Children's Art Carnival, and in 1969, created The Children's Art Caravan. Financed by a grant from The John D. Rockefeller 3rd Fund, the Caravan consisted of two trailers that were designed as mobile art stations for children whose schools lacked art programs or proper facilities. Continuing in his vision of The Children's Art Carnival as a workshop for teachers as well as children, The Children's Art Caravan included visual aids and texts that would guide the teachers in D’Amico's educational philosophy.

paragraph: In 1972, the New York Board of Education's Learning Cooperative proposed the prototype of the two-car caravan, created by Victor D’Amico and his wife Mabel, to various school districts, but it was ultimately unable to receive adequate funding.

paragraph: Section::::MoMA Education.:The Kearsarge Art Center, "The Art Barge".

paragraph: In 1955, D’Amico sought to find a permanent location for the art classes that were initially offered by the MoMA at Ashawagh Hall in Springs, New York. In March 1960, with the help of local baymen, D’Amico anchored a WWI Navy barge in Napeague Harbor. A second story was added, creating additional studio space with panoramic views of both Napeague Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean. Originally named Kearsarge, a Native American word meaning “place of heaven,” it was affectionately known as The Art Barge.

paragraph: In 1982, The Art Barge was renamed as The Victor D'Amico Institute of Art. It was Directed by Victor D'Amico until he passed away in 1987. Christopher Kohan is the current President of the Victor D'Amico Institute of Art. The Institution applies D'Amico's ideas to face current challenges in art education. The Institute recognizes the artistic potential within every man, woman, and child. Through weekend workshops, open studio sessions, and evening events, The Art Barge is an accessible art center that prides itself on furthering arts education and reflecting the rich art history of Long Island.

paragraph: Section::::The Victor D'Amico Institute of Art.:Mabel & Victor D'Amico Studio & Archive.

paragraph: Adding to the integrity of The Barge, The Mabel & Victor D’Amico Studio & Archive located in the house that Victor and Mabel D'Amico built comprises an extensive collection of research materials that relate to their teaching and art practice: photos, films, articles, books, motivational materials and artwork. From early modernist architecture and furnishings to found object sculptures and collected items, The House contains many treasures from the private world of D'Amico and his wife Mabel and is open to the public for tours and private functions throughout the winter by appointment only.

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Victor D'Amico

wikipedia_title: Victor D'Amico


text: Manchu

text: Plain Yellow Banner

text: Yongzheng Emperor

text: Aisin Gioro

text: Cuyen

text: Borjigit

text: lunar

text: Kangxi Emperor

text: Gregorian calendar

text: Yinzhen

text: Western Qing tombs

text: Kangxi Emperor

text: Yongzheng Emperor

text: Qianlong Emperor

text: Yongzheng Dynasty

text: Palace

text: Scarlet Heart

text: Ada Choi

text: Empresses in the Palace

text: Sun Feifei

text: Palace II

text: Annie Yi

text: The Palace

text: Story of Yanxi Palace

text: Joan Chen

text: Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace

categories: 1731 deaths,Manchu people,17th-century Chinese women,Qing dynasty empresses,1681 births

image: 512px-《孝敬宪皇后朝服像》.jpg

paragraph: Empress Xiaojingxian

paragraph: Empress Xiaojingxian (28 June 1681 – 29 October 1731), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Ula Nara clan, personal name Duoqimuli, was a consort of the Yongzheng Emperor. She was three years his junior.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Family background.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Fiyanggū (), served as a first rank military official (), and held the title of a first class duke ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paternal grandfather: Bohucha ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Lady Aisin Gioro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maternal grandfather: Murhu (; d. 1654), Cuyen's grandson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maternal grandmother: Lady Borjigit

paragraph: BULLET::::- Three elder brothers and one younger brother

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Kangxi era.

paragraph: The future Empress Xiaojingxian was born on the 13th day of the fifth lunar month in the 20th year of the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, which translates to 28 June 1681 in the Gregorian calendar.

paragraph: In 1691, Lady Ula Nara married Yinzhen, the fourth son of the Kangxi Emperor, and became his primary consort. On 17 April 1697, she gave birth to his first son, Honghui, who would die prematurely on 7 July 1704.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Yongzheng era.

paragraph: The Kangxi Emperor died on 20 December 1722 and was succeeded by Yinzhen, who was enthroned as the Yongzheng Emperor. On 28 March 1723, Lady Ula Nara, as the Yongzheng Emperor's primary consort, was instated as Empress and put in charge of the emperor's harem.

paragraph: Lady Ula Nara died on 29 October 1731 and was interred in the Tai Mausoleum of the Western Qing tombs. The Yongzheng Emperor did not elevate any of his other consorts to the position of Empress to replace Lady Ula Nara after she died.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Ula Nara (from 28 June 1681)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Primary consort (; from 1691)

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress (; from 28 March 1723)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Empress Xiaojing" (; from December 1731 or January 1732)

paragraph: BULLET::::- During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796):

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Empress Xiaojingxian" (; from 1737)

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- As primary consort:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honghui (; 17 April 1697 – 7 July 1704), the Yongzheng Emperor's first (first) son

paragraph: Section::::In fiction and popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Zhuang Li in "Yongzheng Dynasty" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Amber Xu in "Palace" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Mu Tingting in "Scarlet Heart" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Ada Choi in "Empresses in the Palace" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Sun Feifei in "Palace II" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Annie Yi in "The Palace" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Ma Chunyan in "Story of Yanxi Palace" (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Joan Chen in "Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty

description: Empress of the Qing Dynasty

wikidata_label: Empress Xiaojingxian

wikipedia_title: Empress Xiaojingxian


text:
German
Roman Catholic
priest
Franciscan Order
willowware
Menominee
Mendocino County, California
Harbor Springs, Michigan
Banning, California
Cahuilla
Serrano
Luiseño
Kumeyaay
Spanish missions in Alta California
Baja California
Arizona
Pomo
Northern California

categories: Spanish missions in California,German Friars Minor,Historians of Franciscan history,1851 births,Contributors to the Catholic Encyclopedia,1934 deaths,History of Catholicism in the United States,German emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Zephyrin Engelhardt

paragraph: Zephyrin Engelhardt, O.F.M., (born Charles Anthony Engelhardt; 1851–1934) was a German-born Roman Catholic priest and clerical historian of the Franciscan Order.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Charles Anthony Engelhardt was November 13, 1851 in Bilshausen, Hanover, Germany to Anthony and Elizabeth Engelhardt. Hus father was skilled in the manufacture of willowware. In 1852, the family emigrated to Covington, Kentucky. Charles was educated at St Francis Seraph College in Cincinnati, Ohio. He entered the Franciscan order in 1872 and was ordained in 1878. After ordination, Father Engelhardt taught for a year at St. Joseph's College, Cleveland, Ohio before becoming a missionary to the Menominee people in Wisconsin.

paragraph: In 1887, Engelhardt went to New York, where he served as editor of the "Weekly Pilgrim of Palestine". The next two years, he was a missionary in Mendocino County, California. From 1894 to 1900, he was superior of the missions in northern Michigan and of the Indian Boarding School at Harbor Springs, Michigan. In 1895, he founded and was editor of "Anishinabe Enamiad". In 1900, he took charge of the Indian boarding school at Banning, California. The St. Boniface Indian Industrial School opened in 1890, providing vocational education to Cahuilla, Serrano, Luiseño, Kumeyaay, and other American Indians.

paragraph: Engelhardt, known as the "Father of Mission History," compiled extensive histories of the twenty-one Spanish missions in Alta California as well as other Franciscan settlements in Baja California and Arizona during the first decades of the 20th century. Engelhardt's work is today considered to be the standard authority regarding California mission history. He also wrote a number of articles for the "Catholic Encyclopedia."

paragraph: His many works include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Franciscans in California" (1897)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Franciscans in Arizona" (1899)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Missions and Missionaries of California" (1908–1915)

paragraph: Engelhardt also worked with the Pomo Native Americans of Northern California and compiled the vocabulary of their language.

description: German missionary

wikidata_label: Zephyrin Engelhardt

wikipedia_title: Zephyrin Engelhardt


text:
professional baseball
center fielder
minor league system
Detroit Tigers
Major League Baseball
2014 Major League Baseball Draft
Des Moines, Iowa
Sacramento
Elk Grove High School
Elk Grove, California
doubles
triples
runs batted in
stolen bases
Detroit Tigers
2014 Major League Baseball Draft
college baseball
University of Oregon
GCL Tigers
Connecticut Tigers
West Michigan Whitecaps
Lakeland Flying Tigers
Los Angeles Dodgers

categories: Baseball outfielders,Sportspeople from Sacramento, California,West Michigan Whitecaps players,Gulf Coast Tigers players,Baseball players from California,Lakeland Flying Tigers players,1995 births,Connecticut Tigers players,Baseball players from Iowa,Sportspeople from Des Moines, Iowa,Living people

paragraph: Derek Hill (baseball)

paragraph: Derek Jerome Hill (born December 30, 1995) is an American professional baseball center fielder in the minor league system for the Detroit Tigers organization of Major League Baseball (MLB). Hill was drafted by the Tigers in the first round of the 2014 Major League Baseball Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hill grew up in Des Moines, Iowa with his mother and spent his summers with his father in Northern California, where he played baseball for select teams. In 2011, he moved to Sacramento and attended Elk Grove High School in Elk Grove, California. He batted an even .500 (47-for-94) in his senior season, with 11 doubles, seven triples 30 runs batted in (RBI) and 29 stolen bases.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Hill was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the first round, 23rd overall, in the 2014 Major League Baseball Draft. On June 11, the Tigers announced they agreed to terms on a deal with Hill that includes a $2 million signing bonus. He was previously committed to play college baseball at the University of Oregon. Hill spent 2014 with both the GCL Tigers and the Connecticut Tigers, posting a combined .208 batting average with two home runs and 14 RBIs in 47 games between both teams. Hill's 2015 season, in which he batted .238 with a .619 OPS and 25 stolen bases while playing for the West Michigan Whitecaps, was limited to only 53 games due to injury. Hill returned to West Michigan in 2016 where he improved, posting a .266 average with one home run, 31 RBIs, and 35 stolen bases. In 2017, Hill began the season with West Michigan, and after batting .285 with an .812 OPS, he was promoted to the Lakeland Flying Tigers in late August. He played in only nine games for them in which he batted .194.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hill's father, Orsino Hill, is a scout for the Los Angeles Dodgers.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Derek Hill

wikipedia_title: Derek Hill (baseball)


text:
Madame Favart
short film
Harold Lloyd
Bashful
Step Lively
Fireman Save My Child
Here Come the Girls
On the Jump
Pipe the Whiskers
Take a Chance
Hey There!
The City Slicker
An Ozark Romance
Bees in His Bonnet
Swing Your Partners
Hear 'Em Rave
Two-Gun Gussie
Hot Sands
Racing Luck
The Yankee Clipper
Rough Dried
Sappy Service

categories: American male silent film actors,1931 deaths,Burials at Kensico Cemetery,American male stage actors,20th-century American male actors,Place of birth missing,1865 births

paragraph: William Blaisdell

paragraph: William Blaisdell (April, 1865–January 1, 1931) was an American actor of both stage and screen.

paragraph: Among his roles on stage was the Marquis de Pontsablé in the comic opera "Madame Favart". He also starred in several comedic short films with Harold Lloyd in 1918.

paragraph: Blaisdell died in 1931. His widow, fellow actor Clara Lavine, died at age 75 on December 29, 1948.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bashful" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Step Lively" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fireman Save My Child" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Here Come the Girls" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the Jump" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pipe the Whiskers" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take a Chance" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hey There!" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The City Slicker" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Ozark Romance" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bees in His Bonnet" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Swing Your Partners" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hear 'Em Rave" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two-Gun Gussie" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hot Sands" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Racing Luck" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Yankee Clipper" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rough Dried" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sappy Service" (1929)

description: American actor

wikidata_label: William Blaisdell

wikipedia_title: William Blaisdell


text:
American
track athlete
relay
1976 Summer Olympics
world record
9.9
Columbia
Baton Rouge
Auburn University
NCAA
1976 Montreal Olympics
Pan American Games
1979 Athletics World Cup
James Sanford
1980 Moscow Olympics
Liberty Bell Classic
Olympic Boycott Games
Congressional Gold Medal
1985 Athletics World Cup
1987 Pan American Games
1987 World Championships
University of Alabama
Kirani James
2008 Olympic Games
Congressional Gold Medal
Phenix City, Alabama
President of the United States
Mel Rosen
Track and Field News

categories: Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States,1957 births,Congressional Gold Medal recipients,Alabama Crimson Tide track and field coaches,World Championships in Athletics athletes for the United States,Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Pan American Games,Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Auburn Tigers men's track and field athletes,Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field),People from Phenix City, Alabama,Athletes (track and field) at the 1987 Pan American Games,Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field,Auburn Tigers track and field coaches,Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field),Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,World Championships in Athletics medalists,Living people,Sportspeople from Columbus, Georgia,Track and field athletes from Alabama,American male sprinters,African-American male track and field athletes,Goodwill Games medalists in athletics,Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States

paragraph: Harvey Glance

paragraph: Harvey Edward Glance (born March 28, 1957) is a former American track athlete, winner of gold medal in 4 × 100 m relay at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: Section::::Track and field career.

paragraph: Glance equaled the then 100 m world record of 9.9 twice in 1976: first on April 3 in Columbia and then a month later in Baton Rouge. As an Auburn University student, Glance won the NCAA 100 m championships in 1976 and 1977 and 200 m championships in 1976. In 1976, he also recorded the automatic timings of 10.12 s and 10.11 s that were world junior records for 100 m.

paragraph: Glance finished first in the 100m at the 1976 USA Olympic Trials. @ 28:15

paragraph: At the 1976 Montreal Olympics, Glance was a disappointing fourth in 100 m, as the United States failed to medal in the event. He then ran the opening leg in the gold medal winning American 4 × 100 m relay team. At the 1979 Pan American Games, Glance was second in 100 m and won the gold medal as a member of American 4 × 100 m relay team. He was also second in 4 × 100 m relay at the 1979 Athletics World Cup. Glance was also in line to replace James Sanford in the individual 100 m race if Sanford had not recovered in time from a muscle injury.

paragraph: Glance again qualified for the team for the Olympic team for the 1980 Moscow Olympics, finishing second in the 100 m. However, due to the boycott, he did not compete at the Olympics but competed in the Liberty Bell Classic (Olympic Boycott Games) instead, winning silver in the 100 m and gold in the relay. He was a recipient of one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created especially for the spurned athletes. He also won the gold medal at the 1985 Athletics World Cup, 1987 Pan American Games and 1987 World Championships as a member of the American 4 × 100 m relay teams.

paragraph: Section::::Track coach career.

paragraph: He worked first as assistant coach at Auburn University (1990–91) and then became their head coach.

paragraph: In 1997, he became head track and field coach at the University of Alabama. While there, he established the 'Crimson Tide' as one of the USA's best college teams, and was able to attract many top athletes to the university including Kirani James (World 400 m Champion in 2011 and Olympic 400m champion in the London 2012 Summer Olympics).

paragraph: At the national level, Glance assumed the following roles:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 - World Junior Team in Lisbon, Portugal;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 - World University Games in Sicily, Italy;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Canada;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - assistant coach for Team USA at the 2003 World Championships in Paris, France;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - World junior Team in Beijing, China;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - assistant coach for Team USA at the 2008 Olympic Games;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - men's head coach for Team USA at the 2009 World Championships in Berlin, Germany.

paragraph: In recognition of his achievements, in 1996 he was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame, and, most notably, he received in 2008 the Congressional Gold Medal of Freedom.

paragraph: In April 2011, Glance announced he was to retire from his role at Alabama at the end of the season. Since retiring, Glance has continued to work as the personal coach of Kirani James, assisting in his rise to become Olympic champion.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Glance was born in Phenix City, Alabama, the son of Mr and Mrs Wheller Glance. and was educated at Central High School in Phenix City. There he was mentored in track by his high school drivers’ education teacher, Joe Henderson, who had recognised Glance's special talent.

paragraph: After high school, he earned a degree in Health & Human Performance at Auburn University.

paragraph: Glance always recognized his potential as a coach and volunteered to work as one in Arizona whilst still an athlete. Always aware of the importance of public relations and civic responsibility, Glance was a regular visitor as a student to a veterans hospital and was selected as one of five student-athletes from the 1976 Olympics team to be invited to an NCAA Honors Luncheon with the President of the United States. His coach, the well-renowned Mel Rosen, was proud to state "Harvey's what I call world-class - as an athlete and as a man."

paragraph: Section::::Rankings.

paragraph: Glance was ranked among the best in the US and the world in both the 100 and 200 m sprint events over the incredible spread of 12 seasons from 1976 to 1987, according to the votes of the experts of "Track and Field News".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/tfn_pdfs/Interviews/harvey%20glance.pdf T&FN Interview: Harvey Glance, Jon Henderschott, Track and Field News, June 1976.

description: athletics competitor

wikidata_label: Harvey Glance

wikipedia_title: Harvey Glance


text:
Tamil
rationalist
Dravidian movement
Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
posthumously
Tamil Nadu
Bharathidasan Award
Puducherry
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli
Bharathidasan institute of management
Tiruchirappalli
Paventhar Bharathidasan – People's Poet

categories: Tamil poets,Children's writers in Tamil,Anti-Brahminism,20th-century Indian poets,Dravidian movement,1964 deaths,People from Pondicherry,Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Tamil,1891 births,Tamil activists,Tamil writers,Poets from Puducherry,Tirukkural commentators

paragraph: Bharathidasan

paragraph: Kanagasabai Subburathnam (29 April 1891–21 April 1964) popularly called Bharathidasan, was a 20th-century Tamil poet and writer rationalist whose literary works handled mostly socio-political issues. He was deeply influenced by the Tamil poet Subramania Bharati and named himself as Bharathidasan. His writings served as a catalyst for the growth of the Dravidian movement in Tamil Nadu. In addition to poetry, his views found expression in other forms such as plays, film scripts, short stories and essays. The Government of Puducherry union territory has adopted the song of invocation to Goddess Tamil written by Bharathidasan as the state song of Puducherry.

paragraph: Section::::List of poems made into film lyrics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thamizhukum Amudenru per

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sanke Muzhangu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thunbam nergaiyil

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thesa gnanam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Neelavana aadaikul

paragraph: BULLET::::- Valiyor silar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muzhumai Nila

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chithirai

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pallikudam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kalyanam aagatha penae

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kaatrilellam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kandavudal kadal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vaanukku nilavu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paazhai pona manam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vaana mazhai neeye

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avalum Naanum Amudhum Thamizhum

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bharathidasan was conferred with the title of "Puratchi Kavingyar" (meaning the "Revolutionary Poet") by anna. He won the Golden Parrot Prize in 1946 for his play Amaithi-Oomai (Peace and Dumbness). He was given the Sahitya Academy award posthumously in 1970 for his play Pisiranthaiyar

paragraph: BULLET::::- On 9 October 2001, a commemorative stamp of Bharathidasan was released by the Postal Department in Chennai.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tamil Nadu's state government gives the Bharathidasan Award annually to a Tamil poet.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Government of Puducherry union territory has adopted Bharathidasan's song of invocation to Goddess Tamil as the state song of Puducherry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A state university named Bharathidasan University was established in Tiruchirappalli.

paragraph: BULLET::::- India's top B-school named Bharathidasan institute of management was established in Tiruchirappalli.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paventhar Bharathidasan – People's Poet

description: Indian writer

wikidata_label: Bharathidasan

wikipedia_title: Bharathidasan


text: alchemist

text: astrologer

text: magician

text: German Renaissance

text: folk legend

text: chapbooks

text: Christopher Marlowe

text: The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus

text: Faustbuch

text: early modern period

text: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

text: closet drama

text: Faust

text: Hector Berlioz

text: La damnation de Faust

text: Johann Fust

text: Johann Georg Neumann

text: Knittlingen

text: Helmstadt

text: Heidelberg

text: Roda

text: Ruickbie

text: Ingolstadt

text: Heidelberg University

text: baccalaureus

text: magister artium

text: Gelnhausen

text: Johannes Trithemius

text: Johannes Virdung

text: Sickingen

text: Mutianus Rufus

text: Erfurt

text: Bamberg

text: gulden

text: Ingolstadt

text: nigromancer

text: Tübingen

text: Joachim Camerarius

text: Philipp Begardi

text: Worms

text: Münster

text: Anabaptist rebellion

text: Staufen im Breisgau

text: Johann Gast

text: Basel

text: Johannes Manlius

text: Melanchthon

text: Kraków

text: Johannes Wier

text: Batenburg

text: arsenic

text: Philipp Camerarius

text: Faustbuch

text: Bad Kreuznach

text: grimoire

text: no. 335

text: no. 336

text: no. 337

text: Scheible 1849

text: no. 343

text: Das Kloster

text: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Religions- und Weltanschauungsfragen

text: Historia von D. Johann Fausten

text: Johann Spies

text: chapbook

text: Faust

text: English

text: Christopher Marlowe

text: The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus

text: Renaissance magic

text: Goethe

text: Wittenberg

text: greyfriar

text: Mephistopheles

text: famulus

text: Leipzig

text: Auerbachs Keller

text: Erfurt

text: Helen of Troy

text: Satan

text: Rimlich

text: Carl Kiesewetter

text: Leo Ruickbie

text: Deal with the Devil

text: Pan Twardowski

text: Works based on Faust

text: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie

text: Faust legends

text: Volksbuch von Dr. Faust in der Bibliotheka Augustana

text: Faust-Museum Knittlingen

text: Faust als Spiegel der Geschichte:

text: Faust timeline

categories: Deal with the Devil,16th-century German writers,16th-century male writers,Occultists,15th-century German people,Faust,German alchemists,1541 deaths,Goethe's Faust,German astrologers,Christian astrologers,1480 births

paragraph: Johann Georg Faust

paragraph: Johann Georg Faust (; c. 1480 or 1466 – c. 1541), also known in English as John Faustus , was an itinerant alchemist, astrologer and magician of the German Renaissance.

paragraph: "Doctor Faust" became the subject of folk legend in the decades after his death, transmitted in chapbooks beginning in the 1580s, and was notably adapted by Christopher Marlowe in his play "The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus" (1604). The "Faustbuch" tradition survived throughout the early modern period, and the legend was again adapted in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's closet drama "Faust" (1808), and Hector Berlioz's musical composition "La damnation de Faust" (premiered 1846).

paragraph: Section::::Historical Faust.

paragraph: Because of his early treatment as a figure in legend and literature, it is very difficult to establish historical facts about his life with any certainty. In the 17th century, it was even doubted that there ever had been a historical Faust, and the legendary character was identified with a printer of Mainz called "Johann Fust". Johann Georg Neumann in 1683 addressed the question in his "Disquisitio historica de Fausto praestigiatore", establishing Faust's historical existence based on contemporary references.

paragraph: In the light of records of an activity spanning more than 30 years, the two suggested birth years (1466 vs. 1480/1), the two recorded first names (Georg vs. Johann) and the two recorded places of origin (Knittlingen vs. Heidelberg/Helmstett), it has been suggested that there were two itinerant magicians calling themselves "Faustus", one Georg, active ca. 1505 to 1515, and another Johann, active in the 1530s.

paragraph: Possible places of origin of the historical Johann Faust are Knittlingen (Manlius 1562), Helmstadt near Heidelberg, or Roda. Knittlingen today has an archive and a museum dedicated to Faust. Baron (1978) and Ruickbie (2009) argue for Helmstadt as his place of birth.

paragraph: Faust's year of birth is given either as 1480/1 or as 1466. Baron (1992) and Ruickbie prefer the latter. The city archive of Ingolstadt has a letter dated 27 June 1528 which mentions a "Doctor Jörg Faustus von Haidlberg". Other sources have "Georgius Faustus Helmstet(ensis)". Baron, searching for students from Helmstet in the archives of Heidelberg University, found records of a "Georgius Helmstetter" inscribed from 1483 to 1487. He was promoted to baccalaureus on 12 July 1484 and to magister artium on 1 March 1487.

paragraph: The first editions of "Doctor Faustens dreyfacher Höllenzwang" were printed in Rome in the year 1501.

paragraph: For the year 1506, there is a record of Faust appearing as performer of magical tricks and horoscopes in Gelnhausen. Over the following 30 years, there are numerous similar records spread over southern Germany. Faust appeared as physician, doctor of philosophy, alchemist, magician and astrologer, and was often accused as a fraud. The church denounced him as a blasphemer in league with the devil.

paragraph: Johannes Trithemius in a letter to Johannes Virdung dated 20 August 1507 warns the latter of a certain "Georgius Sabellicus", a trickster and fraud styling himself "Georgius Sabellicus, Faustus junior, fons necromanticorum, astrologus, magus secundus etc." According to Trithemius, in Gelnhausen and Würzburg, Sabellicus boasted blasphemously of his powers, even claiming that he could easily reproduce all the miracles of Christ. Trithemius alleges that Sabellicus received a teaching position in Sickingen in 1507, which he abused by indulging in sodomy with his male students, evading punishment by a timely escape.

paragraph: Conrad Mutianus Rufus in 1513 recounts a meeting with a "chiromanticus" called "Georgius Faustus, Helmitheus Heidelbergensis" (likely for "hemitheus", "demigod of Heidelberg"), overhearing his vain and foolish boasts in an Erfurt inn.

paragraph: On 23 February 1520, Faust was in Bamberg, doing a horoscope for the bishop and the town, for which he received the sum of 10 gulden.

paragraph: In 1528, Faust visited Ingolstadt, whence he was banished shortly after. In 1532 he seems to have tried to enter Nürnberg, according to an unflattering note made by the junior mayor of the city to "deny free passage to the great nigromancer and sodomite Doctor Faustus" ("Doctor Faustus, dem großen Sodomiten und Nigromantico in furt glait ablainen").

paragraph: Later records give a more positive verdict; thus the Tübingen professor Joachim Camerarius in 1536 recognises Faust as a respectable astrologer, and physician Philipp Begardi of Worms in 1539 praises his medical knowledge.

paragraph: The last direct attestation of Faust dates to 25 June 1535, when his presence was recorded in Münster during the Anabaptist rebellion.

paragraph: Faust's death is dated to 1540 or 1541. He allegedly died in an explosion of an alchemical experiment in the "Hotel zum Löwen" in Staufen im Breisgau. His body is reported to have been found in a "grievously mutilated" state which was interpreted to the effect that the devil had come to collect him in person by his clerical and scholarly enemies. In 1548, the theologian Johann Gast in his "sermones conviviales" states that Faust had suffered a dreadful death, and would keep turning his face to the earth in spite of the body being turned on its back several times.

paragraph: In his 1548 account, Gast also mentions a personal meeting with Faust in Basel during which Faust provided the cook with poultry of a strange kind. According to Gast, Faust travelled with a dog and a horse, and there were rumours that the dog would sometimes transform into a servant.

paragraph: Another posthumous account is that of Johannes Manlius, drawing on notes by Melanchthon, in his "Locorum communium collectanea" dating to 1562. According to Manlius, "Johannes Faustus" was a personal acquaintance of Melanchthon's and had studied in Kraków. Manlius' account is already suffused with legendary elements, and cannot be taken at face value as a historical source. Manlius recounts that Faust had boasted that the victories of the German emperor in Italy were due to his magical intervention. In Venice, he allegedly attempted to fly, but was thrown to the ground by the devil. Johannes Wier in "de prestigiis daemonum" (1568) recounts that Faustus had been arrested in Batenburg because he had recommended that the local chaplain called Dorstenius should use arsenic to get rid of his stubble. Dorstenius smeared his face with the poison, upon which he lost not only his beard but also much of his skin, an anecdote Wier says he heard from the victim himself. Philipp Camerarius in 1602 still claims to have heard tales of Faust directly from people who had met him in person, but from the publication of the 1587 "Faustbuch", it becomes impossible to separate historical anecdotes from rumour and legend.

paragraph: The town of Bad Kreuznach has a "Faust Haus" restaurant reportedly built in 1492 on the site of "the home of the legendary Magister Johann Georg Sabellicus Faust".

paragraph: Section::::Historical Faust.:Ascribed works.

paragraph: There are several prints of grimoires or magical texts attributed to Faust.

paragraph: Some of them are artificially dated to his lifetime, either to "1540", or to "1501", "1510", etc.,

paragraph: some even to unreasonably early dates, such as "1405" and "1469".

paragraph: The prints in fact date to the late 16th century, from ca. 1580, i.e. the same period of the development of the "Volksbuch" tradition.

paragraph: The "Höllenzwang" text is also extant in manuscript versions from the late 16th century.

paragraph: A manuscript of c. 1700 under the title "Doctoris Johannis Fausti Morenstern practicirter Höllenzwang genant Der schwarze Mohr. Ann(o) MCCCCVII" (i.e. "1407") includes the text which in print is known as "Dr. Faustens sogenannter schwartzer Mohren-Stern, gedruckt zu London 1510".

paragraph: Variants of the "Höllenzwang" attributed to Faust continued to be published for the next 200 years, well into the 18th century.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1501 "Doctor Faustens dreyfacher Höllenzwang" (Rome 1501, Engel (1885) no. 335)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1501 "Geister-Commando" ("Tabellae Rabellinae Geister Commando id est Magiae Albae et Nigrae Citatio Generalis"), Rome (reprint Scheible 1849, ARW, "Moonchild-Edition" 3, Munich 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1501 "D.Faustus vierfacher Höllen-Zwang" (Rome 1501, Engel (1885) no. 336; reprint Scheible 1849, ARW "Moonchild-Edition" 4, Munich 1976, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1505 "Doctoris Johannis Fausti Cabalae Nigrae" (Passau 1505, Engel (1885) no. 337; reprint Scheible 1849, ARW "Moonchild-Edition" 2, Munich 1976, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1510 "The black stair of Doctor John Faust" London, Engel (1885) no. 343.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1520 "Fausts dreifacher Höllenzwang" ("D.Faustus Magus Maximus Kundlingensis Original Dreyfacher Höllenzwang id est Die Ägyptische Schwarzkunst"), "Egyptian Nigromancy, magical seals for the invocation of seven spirits. (reprint ARW "Moonchild-Edition" 3, Munich 1976, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1524 "Johannis Fausti Manual Höllenzwang" (Wittenberg 1524 reprint Scheible 1849, ARW "Moonchild-Edition" 6, Munich 1976, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1527 "Praxis Magia Faustiana", (Passau, reprint Scheible 1849, ARW "Moonchild-Edition" 4, Munich 1976, 1977;)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1540, "Fausti Höllenzwang oder Mirakul-Kunst und Wunder-Buch" (Wittenberg 1540, reprint Scheible 1849, ARW "Moonchild-Edition" 4, Munich 1976, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doctor Fausts großer und gewaltiger Höllenzwang" (Prague, reprint ARW "Moonchild-Edition" 7, Munich 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1669? Dr. Johann Faustens Miracul-Kunst- und Wunder-Buch oder der schwarze Rabe auch der Dreifache Höllenzwang genannt (Lyon M.C.D.XXXXXXIX, reprint ARW "Moonchild-Edition" 7, Munich 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "D.I.Fausti Schwartzer Rabe" (undated, 16th century, reprint Scheible 1849, ARW, "Moonchild-Edition" 3, Munich 1976, 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1692 "Doctor Faust's großer und gewaltiger Meergeist, worinn Lucifer und drey Meergeister um Schätze aus den Gewässern zu holen, beschworen werden" (Amsterdam, reprint ARW "Moonchild-Edition" 1, Munich 1977)

paragraph: These works were collected and edited in "Das Kloster" by J. Scheible (1849), and based on Scheible in 1976 and 1977 by the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Religions- und Weltanschauungsfragen", in the "Moonchild-Edition", and again as facsimile by Poseidon Press and Fourier Verlag.

paragraph: Section::::Faust in legend and literature.

paragraph: The "Historia von D. Johann Fausten" printed by Johann Spies 1587, a German chapbook about Faust's sins, is at the beginning of the literary tradition of the Faust character. It was translated into English in 1587, where it came to the attention of Christopher Marlowe. Marlowe's The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus of 1589 portrays Faust as the archetypical adept of Renaissance magic. In the 17th century, Marlowe's work was re-introduced to Germany in the form of popular plays, which over time reduced Faust to a merely comical figure for popular amusement. Meanwhile, the chapbook of Spies was edited and excerpted by G. R. Widmann and Nikolaus Pfitzer, and was finally re-published anonymously in modernised form in the early 18th century, as the "Faustbuch des Christlich Meynenden". This edition became widely known and was also read by Goethe in his youth. As summarized by Richard Stecher, this version is the account of a young man called "Johann Faust", son of a peasant, who studies theology in Wittenberg, besides medicine, astrology and "other magical arts". His boundless desire for knowledge leads him to conjure the devil in a wood near Wittenberg, who appears in the shape of a greyfriar who calls himself "Mephistopheles".

paragraph: Faust enters a pact with the devil, pledging his soul in exchange for 24 years of service. The devil produces a famulus "Christoph Wagner" and a poodle "Prästigiar" to accompany Faust in his adventure. Faust goes on to live a life of pleasures. In Leipzig, he rides out of Auerbachs Keller on a barrel. In Erfurt he taps wine from a table. He visits the Pope in Rome, the Sultan in Constantinople and the Kaiser in Innsbruck. After 16 years, he begins to regret his pact and wants to withdraw, but the devil persuades him to renew it, conjuring up Helen of Troy, with whom Faust sires a son called Justus. As the 24 years are over, "Satan, chief of devils" appears and announces Faust's death for the coming night. Faust at a "last supper" scene in Rimlich takes leave of his friends and admonishes them to repentance and piety. At midnight, there is a great noise from Faust's room, and in the morning, its walls and floors are found splattered with blood and brains, with Faust's eyes lying on the floor and his dead body in the courtyard.

paragraph: 16th to 18th century treatments of the Faust legend include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Spies: "Historia von D. Johann Fausten" (1587)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Wagnerbuch" von (1593)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Widmann'sche Faustbuch" von (1599)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dr. Fausts großer und gewaltiger Höllenzwang" (Frankfurt 1609)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dr. Johannes Faust, Magia naturalis et innaturalis" (Passau 1612)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Pfitzer'sche Faustbuch" (1674)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dr. Fausts großer und gewaltiger Meergeist" (Amsterdam 1692)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Wagnerbuch" (1714)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Faustbuch des Christlich Meynenden" (1725)

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Baron: "Dr. Faustus: From History to Legend." München: Fink 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Baron: "Faustus on Trial. The Origin of Johann Spies's Historia in an Age of Witch-hunting." Tübingen: Niemeyer 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fritz Brukner, Franz Hadamowsky: "Die Wiener Faust-Dichtungen von Stranitzky bis zu Goethes Tod." Wien 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl Kiesewetter: "Faust in der Geschichte und Tradition". Berlin 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- Günther Mahal: "Faust: Untersuchungen zu einem zeitlosen Thema". Neuried: ars una 1998 (Abdruck der Dokumente über Faust mit Erläuterungen).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Günther Mahal: "Faust. Die Spuren eines geheimnisvollen Lebens". Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Möbius (Hrsg.): "Faust: Annäherung an einen Mythos." Ausstellungskatalog. Göttingen: Wallenstein 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leo Ruickbie: "Faustus: The Life and Times of a Renaissance Magician". The History Press 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Theens: "Geschichte der Faustgestalt vom 16. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart". Meisenheim 1948.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deal with the Devil

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pan Twardowski

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works based on Faust

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Baron, "Who Was the Historical Faustus? Interpreting an Overlooked Source," Daphnis 18 (1989), 297–302.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Engel, "Faust-Schriften vom 16. Jahrhundert bis Mitte 1884" (1885).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faust legends

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volksbuch von Dr. Faust in der Bibliotheka Augustana

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faust-Museum Knittlingen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faust als Spiegel der Geschichte: Vortrag im Rahmen der Reihe "Wissenschaft, Technik und Ethik"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faust timeline

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Grimoires attributed to Faust.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Raven Doctor Johannes Faust's Miracle and Magic Book or also called the Threefold Coercion of Hell" (English translation of "Dr. Johann Faustens Miracul-Kunst- und Wunder-Buch oder der schwarze Rabe auch der Dreifache Höllenzwang genannt")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Magia naturalis et innaturalis, oder dreifacher Höllenzwang, letztes Testament und Siegelkunst" – Part I (Google Books)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Magia naturalis et innaturalis, oder dreifacher Höllenzwang, letztes Testament und Siegelkunst" – Part IV (Google Books)

description: alchemist, astrologer and magician of the German Renaissance

wikidata_label: Johann Georg Faust

wikipedia_title: Johann Georg Faust


text:
Mauretania
Bogud
Julius Caesar
Cirta
Juba
Metellus Scipio
Masinissa II
Arabio
Dio Cassius
Sextus Pompeius
Octavian
Antony
Numidia

categories: Kings of Mauretania,33 BC deaths,1st-century BC Berber people

paragraph: Bocchus II

paragraph: Bocchus II was king of Mauretania. Son of Sosus Mastanesosus, who was dead in 49 BC. In the early years of Bocchus's reign, Mauretania was jointly ruled between Bocchus and his younger brother Bogud, with Bocchus ruling east of the Mulucha River and his brother west.

paragraph: As enemies of the senatorial party, their title was recognized by Julius Caesar (49 BC). During the African war they invaded Numidia and conquered Cirta, the capital of the kingdom of Juba, who was thus obliged to abandon the idea of joining Metellus Scipio against Caesar. At the end of the war, Caesar bestowed upon Bocchus part of the territory of Masinissa II, Juba's ally, which was recovered by Massinissa's son Arabio after Caesar's murder.

paragraph: Dio Cassius says that Bocchus sent his sons to support Sextus Pompeius in Spain, while Bogud fought on the side of Caesar, and there is no doubt that after Caesar's death Bocchus supported Octavian, and Bogud Antony.

paragraph: During Bogud's absence in Spain, his brother seized the whole of Numidia, and was confirmed sole ruler by Octavian. After his death in 33, Numidia was made a Roman client state, then Roman province in 44 AD.

wikidata_label: Bocchus II

wikipedia_title: Bocchus II


text: Knockin

text: KG

text: KB

text: Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby

text: Knowsley

text: Thomas Stanley

text: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

text: Lady Margaret Beaufort

text: Henry VII

text: Order of the Bath

text: Edward IV

text: Pontefract Castle

text: Knaresborough Castle

text: Bosworth Field

text: Richard III

text: Wicklow Castle

text: Duchy of Lancaster

text: Battle of Stoke Field

text: Order of the Garter

text: privy counsellor

text: Joan le Strange, 9th Baroness Strange

text: John le Strange, 8th Baron Strange

text: Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers

text: Jacquetta of Luxembourg

text: Thomas Stanley, 2nd Earl of Derby

text: 11th Earl of Derby

text: Sir Robert Sheffield

text: Speaker of the House of Commons

text: Edmund Sheffield, 1st Baron Sheffield

text: Derby House

text: St James Garlickhythe

text: National Portrait Gallery, London

categories: 1460 births,Barons in the Peerage of England,16th-century English nobility,1503 deaths,Stanley family,15th-century English people,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange

paragraph: George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange, of Knockin, KG, KB (1460–1503) was an English nobleman and heir apparent of Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby. He was also a notable soldier in his own right and held a number of senior offices of state.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born about 1460 at Knowsley, Lancashire, England, the eldest son of Thomas Stanley and his first wife Eleanor, sister of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. On his father's second marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond, he became stepbrother to her son, Henry Tudor, later King Henry VII.

paragraph: He was invested as a knight of the Order of the Bath in 1475 by King Edward IV. He held the offices of Constable of Pontefract Castle and Constable of Knaresborough Castle in 1485. He was present at the Battle of Bosworth Field, but as a hostage of Richard III who was trying to ensure the support of George’s father and uncle and their substantial armies. He held the office of Constable of Wicklow Castle in 1486 and became Chief Justice of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1486. In 1487 he took part in the Battle of Stoke Field. In the same year he was invested with the Order of the Garter and was made a privy counsellor.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was married in 1482 to Joan le Strange, 9th Baroness Strange (c. 1460 - 1514), daughter of John le Strange, 8th Baron Strange (c. 1440 - 1477) and Jacquetta Woodville (daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg), thereby becoming 9th Baron Strange "de jure uxoris" (in the right of his wife) and was summoned to Parliament in this role. Their children were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Stanley (d. 1503).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Stanley, 2nd Earl of Derby (1485–1521).

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Stanley, knight (1486–1562), who founded the branch of the family known as the 'Stanleys of Bickerstaffe', from which the 11th Earl of Derby and all subsequent earls descend.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Stanley.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jane Stanley, who married Sir Robert Sheffield (died 15 November 1531), son of Sir Robert Sheffield, Speaker of the House of Commons, by his first wife, Helen Delves, by whom she was the mother of Edmund Sheffield, 1st Baron Sheffield.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Stanley.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret Stanley.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Stanley died in Derby House, St Paul's Wharf, London over 4–5 December 1503, allegedly of poison following a banquet. He was buried in the London church of St James Garlickhythe nearby.

paragraph: Section::::External Links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portraits of George Stanley, Lord Strange in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London

description: English Baron

wikidata_label: George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange

wikipedia_title: George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange


text:
Sofia
Bulgaria
Rhythmic Gymnast
1992 Summer Olympics
World Championships
Olympics in 1996

categories: 1976 births,Bulgarian expatriates in Italy,Medalists at the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships,Bulgarian rhythmic gymnasts,Living people

paragraph: Diana Popova

paragraph: Diana Popova (born December 10, 1976 in Sofia, Bulgaria) is an Individual Rhythmic Gymnast.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She started rhythmic gymnastics in 1982 and started training at an early age.

paragraph: Popova competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, Despite two drops of the clubs,she finished 7th in the all-around.

paragraph: In 1993, Popova made a brief retirement, citing exhaustion but returned to competition shortly after in 1994. She had a good comeback finishing 8th in 1994 and 7th in 1995 at the World Championships, she also took home 5 medals (including the all-around bronze) at that year's World University Games.

paragraph: She competed in her second Olympics in 1996, but a couple of small mistakes in the semifinal round dropped Popova to 11th place and denied her the chance to compete in her second Olympic final.

paragraph: After her retirement in 1996, Popova married the son of famed Bulgarian coach Julieta Shishmanova. Popova has since relocated to Italy, where she accepted a coaching position with the national team.

description: Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast

wikidata_label: Diana Popova

wikipedia_title: Diana Popova


text: George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon

text: Almina Wombwell

text: Alfred de Rothschild

text: Lord Porchester

text: Earldom of Carnarvon

text: archaeologist

text: Howard Carter

text: Tutankhamun

text: Curse of Tutankhamun

text: Highclere Castle

text: Lady Evelyn Beauchamp

text: George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon

text: Tilly Losch

text: Edward James

text: Hugh Massingberd

categories: Herbert family,1898 births,Earls of Carnarvon (1793),Rothschild family,1987 deaths,British racehorse owners and breeders

paragraph: Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon

paragraph: Henry George Alfred Marius Victor Francis Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon

paragraph: (7 November 1898 – 22 September 1987) was a British peer. He was the son of George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon and Almina Wombwell, whose biological father was banker Alfred de Rothschild.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Styled Lord Porchester from birth, he inherited the Earldom of Carnarvon on the 1923 death of his father – who was famously funding archaeologist Howard Carter when he discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun. The 6th Earl attributed the death of his father to the "Curse of Tutankhamun", claiming that the moment his father died on 5 April in Egypt, the family dog howled and died a sympathetic death at Highclere Castle, the family seat. In his memoirs, he described an unloving upbringing by his parents. After his father died, he became responsible for the upkeep of Highclere Castle while his mother refused him an inheritance. She remarried only eight months after the death of her first husband.

paragraph: He had a younger sister, Lady Evelyn Beauchamp.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon married Anne Catherine Tredick Wendell on 17 July 1922 and they divorced in 1936. They had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry George Reginald Molyneux Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon (19 January 1924 - 11 September 2001). He married Jean Margaret Wallop, daughter of Hon. Oliver Malcolm Wallop and Jean Moore, on 7 January 1956. They have three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon (10 November 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Henry "Harry" Herbert (2 March 1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Carolyn Herbert (27 January 1962).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Anne "Penelope" Marian Herbert (3 March 1925). She married Captain Reinier Gerrit Anton van der Woude, on 21 April 1945. They have three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Gerrit van der Woude (25 March 1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Anthony van der Woude (7 November 1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penelope Catherine Mary van der Woude (19 August 1952).

paragraph: Henry Herbert, the 6th Earl, following his divorce from Catherine, married Tilly Losch (former wife of Edward James) on 1 September 1939: they divorced in 1947.

paragraph: His obituary by Hugh Massingberd famously described him as a "most uncompromisingly direct ladies' man".

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Late in life he published two books of memoirs:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Regrets: Memoirs of the Earl of Carnarvon" (1976) Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ermine Tales: More Memoirs of the Earl of Carnarvon" (1980) Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carnarvon, Fiona, Countess of (2013) "Lady Catherine and the Real Downton Abbey". Lonson: Hodder & Stoughton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cross, William, " Lordy! Tutankhamun's Patron As A Young Man ", Book Midden Publishing, 2012 ().

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cross, William, " The Life and Secrets of Almina Carnarvon : 5th Countess of Carnarvon of Tutankhamun Fame ", 3rd ed. 2011 ( ).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cross, William, " Catherine and Tilly: Porchey Carnarvon's Two Duped Wives: The Tragic Tales of the Sixth Countesses of Carnarvon", Book Midden Publishing, 2013 ( ).

description: British peer

wikidata_label: Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon

wikipedia_title: Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon