text: sculptor

text: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: New York

text: de Young Museum

text: Golden Gate Park

text: Norwalk, California

text: truck farm

text: Japanese American internment

text: World War II

text: Santa Anita racetrack

text: Rohwer War Relocation Center

text: Arkansas

text: New Mexico

text: Milwaukee State Teachers College

text: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico

text: Clara Porset

text: Josef Albers

text: Black Mountain College

text: Black Mountain College

text: Josef Albers

text: Jacob Lawrence

text: Beaumont Newhall

text: Jean Varda

text: John Cage

text: Merce Cunningham

text: Willem de Kooning

text: R. Buckminster Fuller

text: wire sculptures

text: annual exhibitions

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: São Paulo Art Biennial

text: Ghirardelli Square

text: Black Mountain College

text: National Endowment for the Arts

text: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco

text: Noe Valley

text: San Francisco

text: Google Doodle

text: Asian Pacific American Heritage Month

text: Ghirardelli Square

text: Aurora

text: American Institute of Architects

text: Women's Caucus for the Arts

text: Abrahamson, Joan

text: Robert Storr

text: University of California Press

text: Cunningham, Imogen

text: Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer

text: San Francisco Museum of Art

text: San Francisco Museum of Art

categories: People from Norwalk, California,20th-century American sculptors,Japanese-American internees,2013 deaths,Black Mountain College alumni,American artists of Japanese descent,Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area,American women of Japanese descent,American women sculptors,20th-century American women artists,University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee alumni,1926 births

paragraph: Ruth Asawa

paragraph: Ruth Aiko Asawa (January 27, 1926 – August 5, 2013) was an American sculptor. Asawa's work is in the collections of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. Fifteen of her wire sculptures are on permanent display in the tower of San Francisco's de Young Museum in Golden Gate Park. Asawa was an arts education advocate and the driving force behind the creation of the San Francisco School of the Arts, which was renamed the Ruth Asawa San Francisco School of the Arts in 2010 in tribute to her.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Ruth Asawa was born in 1926 in Norwalk, California, one of seven children. Her parents, immigrants from Japan, operated a truck farm until the Japanese American internment during World War II. Except for Ruth's father, the family was interned at an assembly center hastily set up at the Santa Anita racetrack for much of 1942, after which they were sent to Rohwer War Relocation Center in Arkansas. Ruth's father, Umakichi Asawa, was arrested by FBI agents in February 1942 and interned at a detention camp in New Mexico. For six months following, the Asawa family did not know if he was alive or dead. Asawa did not see her father for six years. Ruth's younger sister, Nancy (Kimiko), was visiting family in Japan when her family was interned. She was unable to return, as the U.S. prevented entry even of American citizens from Japan. Nancy was forced to stay in Japan for the duration of the war. Asawa said about the internment:I hold no hostilities for what happened; I blame no one. Sometimes good comes through adversity. I would not be who I am today had it not been for the internment, and I like who I am.

paragraph: From a young age, Asawa expressed an interest in art. As a child, she was encouraged by her third grade teacher to create her own artwork. As a result, Asawa received first prize in a school arts competition in 1939, for her artwork about what makes someone American.

paragraph: Following her graduation from the internment center's high school, Asawa attended Milwaukee State Teachers College, intending to become an art teacher. She was prevented from attending college on the California coast, as the war had continued and the zone of her intended college was still declared prohibited to ethnic Japanese, whether or not they were American citizens. Unable to get hired for the requisite practice teaching to complete her degree, she left Wisconsin without a degree. (Wisconsin awarded the degree to her in 1998.)

paragraph: The summer before her final year in Milwaukee, Asawa traveled to Mexico with her older sister Lois (Masako). Asawa attended an art class at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; among her classmates was Clara Porset, a refugee from Cuba. A friend of artist Josef Albers, Porset told Asawa about Black Mountain College where he was teaching. Asawa recounted:I was told that it might be difficult for me, with the memories of the war still fresh, to work in a public school. My life might even be in danger. This was a godsend, because it encouraged me to follow my interest in art, and I subsequently enrolled at Black Mountain College in North Carolina.From 1946 to 1949, she studied at Black Mountain College with Josef Albers. Asawa learned to use commonplace materials from Albers and began experimenting with wire, using a variety of techniques. Like all Black Mountain College students, Asawa took courses across a variety of different art forms and this interdisciplinary approach helped to shape her artistic practice. She was particularly influenced by the summer sessions of 1946 and 1948, which featured courses by artist Jacob Lawrence, photography curator and historian Beaumont Newhall, Jean Varda, composer John Cage, choreographer Merce Cunningham, artist Willem de Kooning, and R. Buckminster Fuller. According to Asawa, the dance courses she took with Merce Cunningham were especially inspirational.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In the 1950s, Asawa experimented with crocheted wire sculptures of abstract forms that appear as three-dimensional line drawings. She learned the basic technique while in Toluca, Mexico, where villagers used a similar technique to make baskets from galvanized wire. She explained:

paragraph: Asawa's wire sculptures brought her prominence in the 1950s, when her work appeared several times in the annual exhibitions at the Whitney Museum of American Art and in the 1955 São Paulo Art Biennial.

paragraph: In 1962, Asawa began experimenting with tied wire sculptures of images rooted in nature that became increasingly geometric and abstract as she continued to work in that form. "Ruth was ahead of her time in understanding how sculptures could function to define and interpret space," said Daniell Cornell, curator of the de Young Museum in San Francisco. "This aspect of her work anticipates much of the installation work that has come to dominate contemporary art."

paragraph: In 1968, Asawa created her first representational work, a mermaid fountain in Ghirardelli Square on San Francisco's waterfront. Near Union Square (on Stockton Street, between Post and Sutter Streets), she created a fountain for which she mobilized 200 schoolchildren to mold hundreds of images of the city of San Francisco in dough, which were then cast in iron. Over the years, she went on to design other public fountains and became known in San Francisco as the "fountain lady".

paragraph: Section::::Public service and arts education activism.

paragraph: Asawa had a passionate commitment to and was an ardent advocate for art education as a transformative and empowering experience, especially for children. In 1968, she was appointed to be a member of the San Francisco Arts Commission and began lobbying politicians and charitable foundations to support arts programs that would benefit young children and average San Franciscans. Asawa helped co-found the Alvarado Arts Workshop for school children in 1968. In the early 1970s, this became the model for the Art Commission's CETA/Neighborhood Arts Program using money from the federal funding program, the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), which became a nationally replicated program employing artists of all disciplines to do public service work for the city.

paragraph: The Alvarado approach worked to integrate the arts and gardening, mirroring Asawa's own upbringing on a farm. Asawa believed in a hands-on experience for children, and followed the approach "learning by doing". Asawa believed in the benefit of children learning from professional artists, something she adopted from learning from practicing artists at Black Mountain College. She believed that classroom teachers could not be expected to teach the arts, on top of all their other responsibilities. Eighty-five percent of the program's budget went toward hiring professional artists and performers for the students to learn from. This was followed up in 1982 by building a public arts high school. The school was renamed the Ruth Asawa San Francisco School of the Arts in her honor in 2010. Asawa would go on to serve on the California Arts Council, the National Endowment for the Arts in 1976, and from 1989-1997 she served as a trustee of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Asawa married architect Albert Lanier in July 1949. The couple had six children: Xavier (1950), Aiko (1950), Hudson (1952), Adam (1956–2003), Addie (1958), and Paul (1959). Albert Lanier died in 2008. The family moved to the Noe Valley neighborhood of San Francisco in 1960, where she was active for many years in the community.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Asawa died of natural causes on August 5, 2013, at her San Francisco home at the age of 87.

paragraph: The Estate of Ruth Asawa was by David Zwirner gallery and her debut exhibition at the gallery, "Ruth Asawa", took place from September 13 – October 21, 2017.

paragraph: A Google Doodle for May 1, 2019, the first day of Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, was made to celebrate Ruth Asawa.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Andrea" (1966), the mermaid fountain at Ghirardelli Square, San Francisco, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fountain (1973), The Hyatt on Union Square, San Francisco, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fountains (1976), The Buchanan Mall (Nihonmachi), San Francisco, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aurora" (1986), the origami-inspired fountain on the San Francisco waterfront.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Japanese-American Internment Memorial Sculpture (1994) in San Jose, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Garden of Remembrance (2002) at San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968: First Dymaxion Award for Artist/Scientist

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974: Gold Medal from the American Institute of Architects

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: San Francisco Chamber of Commerce Cyril Magnin Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: Honor Award from the Women's Caucus for the Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: Asian American Art Foundations Golden Ring Lifetime Achievement Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: Honorary doctorate by San Francisco State University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Since 1982, San Francisco has declared February 12 to be "Ruth Asawa Day"

paragraph: Section::::Film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Snyder, Robert, producer (1978) "Ruth Asawa: On Forms and Growth", Pacific Palisades, CA: Masters and Masterworks Production

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soe, Valerie, and Ruth Asawa directors (2003) "Each One Teach One: The Alvarado School Art Program," San Francisco: Alvarado Arts Program.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Japanese in San Francisco

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abrahamson, Joan and Sally Woodridge (1973) "The Alvarado School Art Community Program." San Francisco: Alvarado School Workshop.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bancroft Library (1990) ," in "The Arts and the Community Oral History Project". University of California, Berkeley.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bell, Tiffany and Robert Storr (2017) "Ruth Asawa." David Zwirner Books: New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cook, Mariana (2000) "Couples." Chronicle Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cornell, Daniell et al. (2006) "The Sculpture of Ruth Asawa: Contours in the Air." University of California Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cunningham, Imogen (1970) "Photographs, Imogen Cunningham." University of Washington Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- D'Aquino, Andrea (2019) "A Life Made by Hand: Ruth Asawa" (children's book). Princeton Architectural Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dobbs, Stephen (1981) "Community and Commitment: An Interview with Ruth Asawa", in "Art Education" vol 34 no 5.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faul, Patricia et al. (1995) "The New Older Woman." Celestial Arts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harris, Mary Emma (1987) "The Arts at Black Mountain College." MIT Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hatfield, Zack. "Ruth Asawa: Tending the Metal Garden", NY Daily, "New York Review of Books", September 21, 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hopkins, Henry and Mimi Jacobs (1982) "50 West Coast Artists." Chronicle Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jepson, Andrea and Sharon Litsky (1976) "The Alvarado Experience." Alvarado Art Workshop.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laib, Jonathan et al. (2015) Ruth Asawa: Line by Line. Christie's show catalogue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rountree, Cathleen (1999) "On Women Turning 70: Honoring the Voices of Wisdom." Jossey-Bass.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer (1992) "American Women Sculptors." G.K. Hall.

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Francisco Museum of Art. (1973) "Ruth Asawa: A Retrospective View". San Francisco Museum of Art.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schatz, Howard (1992) "Gifted Woman." Pacific Photographic Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schoettler, Joan (2018) "Ruth Asawa: A Sculpting Life" (children's book). Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Villa, Carlos et al. (1994) "Worlds in Collision: Dialogues on Multicultural Art Issues." San Francisco Art Institute.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Woodridge, Sally (1973) "Ruth Asawa’s San Francisco Fountain." San Francisco Museum of Art.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- and the detailed

description: Japanese American sculptor

wikidata_label: Ruth Asawa

wikipedia_title: Ruth Asawa


text:
percussionist
producer
Damien Rice
Lisa Hannigan
Hanna Leess
Princeton, NJ
jamband
God Street Wine
The Allman Brothers
Bruce Hornsby
Black Crowes
Killarney
Ireland
Damien Rice
O
9
Billie Holiday
Don't Explain
Herbie Hancock
Possibilities
Lisa Hannigan
Sea Sew
Mercury Music Prize
Berlin
Germany
Gemma Hayes
Eric Penny
Ultan Conlon
Grateful Dead
Phil Lesh and Friends
Vicar Street
Paul Noonan
Gavin Glass
Kilkenny
Ireland
Hanna Leess
Dirty Mouth Sweet Heart
PIAS
Lisa Hannigan
Damien Rice
God Street Wine

categories: Musicians from New Jersey,1966 births,People from Princeton, New Jersey,American percussionists

paragraph: Tom Osander

paragraph: Tom Osander aka Tomo (born John Thomas Osander Jr. on 6 October 1966) is an American percussionist and producer. Osander co-founded seminal New York City based Jam band God Street Wine. He is also associated with Damien Rice, Lisa Hannigan, and Hanna Leess.

paragraph: Born in Princeton, NJ Osander was a member of the New York City jamband God Street Wine from 1988–1998, recording six albums and performing more than 1,000 shows, touring with bands such as The Allman Brothers, Bruce Hornsby and the Black Crowes.

paragraph: In 1999 Osander moved to Killarney, Ireland, to briefly join the alternative, Killarney-based rock band Poor Uncle Harry. br

paragraph: He began working with Damien Rice in 2000 and over the next several years recorded both the albums "O" and "9". During his time with Rice he recorded the Billie Holiday song Don't Explain with Herbie Hancock for his 2005 Possibilities album br

paragraph: In the summer of 2007 he left Rice to concentrate on Lisa Hannigan's solo career, recording her first album "Sea Sew" in 2008 and touring with her until 2010. The album was nominated for the Mercury Music Prize in 2009.

paragraph: In 2010 Osander relocated to Berlin, Germany and recorded and/or toured with various artists including Gemma Hayes, Eric Penny, Ultan Conlon and Peter Doran. br

paragraph: Also in 2010 God Street Wine reformed to play several reunion shows. The band would continue to perform sporadically up to present day. These reunion shows included several dates as the "Friends" in Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh and Friends in January 2013.

paragraph: Osander, with his partner Tanja Raab, have produced several benefit shows over the years under the name Double Donkey Productions. These include the 2004 Concert for Bam (in aid of the victims of the Stephens Day earthquake in Iran) at Vicar Street in Dublin and the 2010 Thomastown Community Kindergarten Benefit featuring Paul Noonan and Gavin Glass at the Bridgebrook Arms in Kilkenny, Ireland.

paragraph: In 2014, Osander began collaborating with American singer Hanna Leess and co-produced her 2016 album Dirty Mouth Sweet Heart on PIAS/CNTCT Recordings.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lisa Hannigan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Damien Rice

paragraph: BULLET::::- God Street Wine

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Tom Osander

wikipedia_title: Tom Osander


text:
Capuchin friar
Andalusia
beatified
Blessed
Cadiz
O.F.M. Cap.
Visigoth
Grazalema
Dominican Order
Dominican friar
Observant Franciscan friars
novitiate
Seville
professed
ordained
Carmona
ascetic
homiletics
parish mission
crucifix
Enlightenment
integrist
Liberal Catholicism
consumerism
Spanish Inquisition
Royal Court
canon
University of Granada
Master of Arts
canon law
yellow fever
Ronda
Málaga
veneration
Pope Leo XIII
dove
Last Sacraments
acolyte
Blessed Sacrament
ciborium

categories: Capuchins,Burials in the Province of Málaga,1743 births,19th-century Roman Catholic priests,18th-century Roman Catholic priests,Spanish Roman Catholic priests,Franciscan beatified people,People from Cádiz,1801 deaths,Deaths from yellow fever,18th-century venerated Christians,Spanish beatified people

paragraph: Diego José de Cádiz

paragraph: Diego José de Cádiz (1743–1801) was a Spanish Capuchin friar who was a noted and popular preacher throughout the region of Andalusia during the 18th century. He was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1894 as Blessed Didacus Joseph of Cadiz, O.F.M. Cap..

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life.

paragraph: José Francisco López-Caamaño y García Pérez was born in Cádiz in 1743. His lineage dated from the Visigoth kings. His mother died when he was 9 years old. Later his father moved the family to the city of Grazalema, where he entered the local school run by the Dominican Order. Though of noble ancestry, as a youth Joseph could make no progress at school, receiving the nickname of the "dunce of Cadiz". Later a classmate, a Dominican friar named Antonio Querero, testified how difficult study had been for him.

paragraph: Initially rejected by the Observant Franciscan friars due to this perceived limitation of intellect, López-Caamaño was later accepted by the Capuchin friars and, at the age of 15, entered their novitiate in Seville, at which time he was given the name Didacus Joseph. He was professed as a member of the Order on 31 March 1759. He was ordained to the priesthood in Carmona in 1766, for which he prepared himself by an extremely ascetic life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Capuchin preacher.

paragraph: In 1771, after further training in homiletics, he was assigned to one of the teams of friars who would preach parish missions to residents of isolated, rural villages, which was a major focus of the Capuchins of that era. His biographers stated that the congregations marveled at the tender love he displayed to the crucifix he would hold while preaching, and the singular power of his words, which swayed his audiences and left an impression on their lives. He wandered throughout the entire peninsula on foot, preaching in this way to the various communities he encountered on the road.

paragraph: Spain was undergoing changes in its intellectual climate, as the influence of the Enlightenment began to spread in the upper classes of the country. Didacus became a major force in promoting the traditional devotions and beliefs of Catholicism as part of the identity of the nation, and is seen as an early integrist in the development of Spanish culture, opposing Liberal Catholicism. He also was a strong critic of the policy of consumerism, being promoted in the universities and some government circles. For this teaching, he was denounced to the Spanish Inquisition for attacking royal prerogatives. In turn, he accused the proponents of new economic policies and the secularization of Spanish society of heresy. He preached at the Royal Court in 1783, but found that he had no effect on the nobility. Leaving Madrid in disappointment, he later wrote: "I do not want the royal couple to remember me".

paragraph: Didacus was appointed an official of the Inquisition, the synodal examiner for almost all Spanish dioceses and an honorary canon. The University of Granada conferred upon him the honorary degrees of Master of Arts and doctorates in Theology and canon law. A collection of his sermons numbers 3,000.

paragraph: Section::::Death and veneration.

paragraph: Didacus died in 1801, apparently as a result of yellow fever, at the age of 58, in Ronda, Málaga. His remains are kept for veneration in an urn in the small, simple chapel of Our Lady of Peace () in Ronda where he died, on the square now named in the friar's honor.

paragraph: He was beatified by Pope Leo XIII in 1894.

paragraph: Section::::Hagiography.

paragraph: This unlearned man became a celebrated preacher in Spain. During his sermon one day, a child shouted aloud in the church: "Mother, mother, see the dove resting on the shoulder of Father Didacus! I could preach like that too if a dove told me all that I should say!" Didacus prayed devotedly before his sermons, even scourging himself to the point of blood, in order to draw down God's mercy upon the people.

paragraph: Once when his superior chided him because of the austerity of his life, Didacus Joseph replied: "Ah, Father, my sins and the sins of the people compel me to do it. Those who have been charged with the conversion of sinners must remember that the Lord has imposed upon them the sins of all their clients. By means of our penances we should atone for the sins of our fellowmen and thus preserve ourselves and them from eternal death. It would hardly be too much if we shed the last drop of our blood for their conversion."

paragraph: Three miraculous events are recorded of his life, all having taken place in the main square of Cadiz. In one, he was able to save the life of a builder who had fallen off a roof, stopping his fall with one hand. On another occasion, a priest passed him while en route to administer the Last Sacraments to a dying person. When the acolyte accompanying the priest pointed out to the friar that he had not removed his hood (the customary form of reverence to the Blessed Sacrament which the priest would be carrying), Didacus told him, "Tell the priest that the ciborium is empty". This turned out to be the case. On yet another occasion, a heavy rainstorm hit the city. The square, where Didacus happened to preaching at the time, was the only spot on which no rain fell.

description: Spanish Capuchin friar and saint

wikidata_label: Didacus Joseph of Cadiz

wikipedia_title: Diego José de Cádiz


text: Filipino

text: political figure

text: insurgent

text: Hukbalahap

text: World War II

text: Hukbalahap

text: guerrilla

text: Japanese occupiers of the Philippines

text: House of Representatives

text: Manuel Roxas

text: San Luis, Pampanga

text: San Miguel, Bulacan

text: Tarlac City

text: University of Manila

text: Pedro Abad Santos

text: Marxist

text: socialist

text: Socialist Party of the Philippines

text: goiter

text: anemia

text: sepsis

text: diabetes

text: Communist Party of the Philippines

text: fascism

text: Sergio Osmena

text: Bell Trade Act

text: Parity Amendment to the Constitution

text: Military Bases Agreement

text: terrorism

text: Elpidio Quirino

text: Luzon

text: Politburo

text: Zambales Mountains

text: Ramon Magsaysay

text: Central Committee

text: Sierra Madre Mountains

text: Mount Arayat

text: Manuel Manahan

text: Benigno Aquino, Jr.

text: Ramon Magsaysay

text: Eulogio Balao

text: Camp Murphy

text: Diosdado Macapagal

text: Ferdinand Marcos

text: William Pomeroy

text: Nelson Mandela

text: Umkhonto We Sizwe

text: New Bilibid Prison

text: F. Sionil Jose

text: St. Luke's Medical Center

text: Quezon City

categories: 2005 deaths,Kapampangan people,Paramilitary Filipinos,Filipino communists,People from Pampanga,1913 births,World War II resistance members,University of Manila alumni,Communist Party of the Philippines politicians,Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Pampanga

paragraph: Luis Taruc

paragraph: Luis Taruc (June 21, 1913 – May 4, 2005) was a Filipino political figure and insurgent during the agrarian unrest of the 1930s until the end of the Cold War. He was the leader of the Hukbalahap or "Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon" group between 1942 and 1950. His involvement with the movement came after his initiation to the problems of agrarian Filipinos when he was a student in the early 1930s. During World War II, Taruc led the Hukbalahap in guerrilla operations against the Japanese occupiers of the Philippines.

paragraph: He became aware of the unjust situation of tenant farmers and the poor in 1935, and decided to leave his haberdashery business to his wife so he could help, protect and serve the poor, maltreated and suffering peasants. Influenced by his idol socialist Pedro Abad Santos of San Fernando, and inspired by earlier Katipunan revolutionaries such as Felipe Salvador, Taruc joined the "Aguman ding Maldang Tala-pagobra" (AMT, Union of Peasant Workers) and in 1938, the "Partido Socialista." The latter merged with the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas as part of the Common Front strategy, and Taruc assumed the role of Commander-in-Chief of the military wing created to fight the Japanese.

paragraph: After the war against Japan, the Hukbalahap continued their demands for agrarian reform. Taruc and seven colleagues were elected to the House of Representatives, but the government of Manuel Roxas did not allow them to take their seats in Congress. The Taruc faction opposed the parity rights that the U.S. required from post-independence Philippines as a condition for rehabilitation funding. In the next five years, Taruc would give up on the parliamentary struggle and once more take up arms. At the height of its popularity, the Hukbalahap reached a fighting strength estimated at between 10,000 and 30,000.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Luis Mangalus Taruc was born of peasant stock in the barrio of Santa Monica, township of San Luis, Pampanga on 21 June 1913. Luis states, "In my youth, the Christian faith dominated my spiritual life. But the landlord dominated the material life I knew." At age eight, Luis attended the public school in San Miguel, Bulacan. At fifteen, he attended high school in Tarlac City. He attended to the University of Manila for two years (June 1932–December 1934), studying medicine and law, but no longer able to afford the expenses, returned to Batasan without getting a degree to set up a tailor shop with his brother. As a teen he was inspired by the stories of the Katipuneros who had fought for independence and for agrarian reform against Spain. Certain people within his home village and province came to regard him as the incarnation of the prominent Katipunan leader Felipe Salvador. He was influenced by Pedro Abad Santos, a Marxist, whom Luis regarded as a true socialist. In June 1935, he married Feliciana Bernabe, and his son Romeo was born in March 1936.Before the end of 1935, he joined Santos as a full-time organizer of the Socialist Party of the Philippines, which numbered a few hundred members and several thousand sympathizers. His wife died in Dec. 1938, suffering from goiter and anemia. He then married Enna Cura on 4 June 1939. Luis would serve time in prison three times before the war, in his struggle for the militant workers' and peasants' unions. Enna died of sepsis and diabetes on 8 March 1946. Luis later married Gregoria Calma (Liza). She was killed by government soldiers on 11 April 1952.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:World War II.

paragraph: On 7 Nov. 1938, the Philippine Socialist Party and the Communist Party of the Philippines merged, forming a united front "to fight against fascism and war", though each party retained its own organizations until 1941. They pledged loyalty to the Philippine and United States government's anti-Japanese crusade in Dec. 1941. Following the Japanese invasion, Taruc formed the Hukbalahap ("Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon" or the "People’s Army Against the Japanese" in English), along with Casto Alejandrino and other guerillas, in central Luzon on 29 March 1942, became its commander-in-chief, and chairman of the Communist Party's Military Committee.

paragraph: He led a large people's army against the Japanese invaders, and their "puppet constabulary", as Supremo Luis Taruc, or "Lu-Lu" ("the racing one"), then "Alipato" ("the flying spark that spreads a fire"). According to Luis, "There was a period when we had an American officer officially collaborating with our work." Taruc credited his prominence through his "identification with the simple, sincere, and courageous peasants." However, Luis noted, "...most of the time, the American authorities were suspicious of this unconventional army whose politics they suspected." Yet, the Hukbalahap under Taruc did become an effective armed guerilla force.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post War.

paragraph: Taruc was elected to the Philippine House of Representatives in 1946 as a member of the Democratic Alliance (the party led by Sergio Osmena). He and five other elected Democratic Alliance candidates opposed the constitutional amendment that would give American businessmen parity rights with Filipinos in exchange for US rehabilitation funding. In particular, Luis opposed the Bell Trade Act, the Parity Amendment to the Constitution, and the Military Bases Agreement. To secure the majority necessarily to pass the amendment President Manuel Roxas arranged for Taruc and the other oppositional Democratic Alliance members ejected from office by the Commission on Elections on ground that they had committing election fraud and terrorism.

paragraph: Taruc went underground in late 1946, following failed negotiations with President Roxas, and the Huks soon numbered 10,000 armed fighters. Subsequent negotiations with President Elpidio Quirino in June and August 1948 also failed. By the presidential elections of 1949, the Huks had abandoned electoral politics in favor of armed insurgency. The Huks controlled most of central Luzon, the “rice basket” of the Philippines, including two provincial capitals, by 1950. Their motto, "a democratic peace, or martyrdom." Luis states, "The peasants' hatred was founded on centuries of exploitation and oppression, feudal landlordism, and bad government. But the rich...were driven by fear of losing their power and their social privilege...this was naked class war." In the Politburo meeting of Dec. 1949 to Jan. 1950, the Huks were reorganized as the HMB, "Hukbo Mapagpalaya ng Bayan", or "People's Army of Liberation", with Luis as a Politburo Supervisor (PBS) for the Party's Regional Committee, Reco 2, in the Zambales Mountains. By Nov. 1950, Luis was removed from his post of command entirely. By then, the Huks had 15,000 armed men, and the country was embroiled in a "miniature civil war", with ambushes on the major highways common.

paragraph: President Quirino assigned Ramon Magsaysay, minister of national defense, to combat the Huk insurgency. On 18 Oct. 1950, Magsaysay captured the Secretariat, including the general secretary Jose Lava, following the earlier capture of the Politburo in Manila. Magsaysay attracted peasant support by reforming the Army and Constabulary. After the 1951 Central Committee meeting, a policy of "preservation and conservation of strength...for a long and bitter struggle" was adopted, and Luis departed with a group of ninety men and seven women, for the Sierra Madre Mountains. The latter part of 1952 was spent hiding in the Mount Arayat area. In Jan. 1953, Luis was suspended from the Politburo and Secretariat for his "Call for Peace". On 10 Feb. 1954, Manuel Manahan and Benigno Aquino, Jr., appointed as President Ramon Magsaysay's representatives, met with Luis Taruc. After four months of negotiations, Taruc surrendered unconditionally to the government on 17 May 1954, effectively ending the Huk rebellion. On 15 June 1954, Luis met with President Magsaysay and Gen. Eulogio Balao at Camp Murphy, where Luis agreed to a trial.

paragraph: Taruc's trial started in Aug. 1954, where he pleaded guilty to rebellion, "in the spirit of my agreement with the president", and sentenced to 12 years of imprisonment, plus as "huge fine". From 1956 to 1958, Luis was put on trial for the execution of Feliciano Gardiner, Japanese occupation governor of Tarlac, for which he was found guilty and sentenced to four life sentences. His petition to President Diosdado Macapagal for executive clemency and amnesty to political prisoners in exchange for support for the President's social welfare program was ignored. Taruc was pardoned by President Ferdinand Marcos on September 11, 1968, and Marcos gained the former Huk leader's support. After his release, he continued to work for Agrarian reforms. His struggle on behalf of the poor farmers persuaded local and national leaders to strengthen the legal rights of farm workers and led to a more equitable distribution of farm land. In his later year's Taruc claimed to have never been a real communist, but rather always advocated Christian democratic socialism; he supported land reform strengthening the rights of local, small farmers over corporations and hereditary feudal elite.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Legacy.

paragraph: Taruc dictated Born of the People (1953) to American Communist and ghost writer William Pomeroy. Luis Taruc used Alipato, meaning “spark that spreads a fire,” as his pseudonym. “Born of the People” was Nelson Mandela's reference on peasant resistance and guerrilla warfare when he was the commander in chief of the Umkhonto We Sizwe (Spear of the Nation).

paragraph: While in New Bilibid Prison, Taruc composed He Who Rides the Tiger (1967). Luis wrote, "I know now from experience, that the nationalism of the Communists is indeed opportunism, and that they use it for their own ends. Any nationalist who makes an ally of the Communist is going for a ride on a tiger." Additionally, Luis wrote, "For ruthlessness and cruelty are alien to Christian thought, and when men in the Free World use such methods, they do so in defiance of their own morality and ideals. The atheist Communist, however, believes that the end justifies the means, or in Lenin's words, 'Morality is subordinate to the class struggle.' For this reason, the Communist can pursue a policy of terror and cruelty with a clear conscience."

paragraph: In 1985, Taruc would tell F. Sionil Jose that one of the reasons for the failure of the insurgency was that dissenters were killed. He also said that dogmatic fundamentalism scared away many potential allies. The Huk movement commanded an estimated 170,000 armed troops with a base of two million civilian supporters at the apex of their power in 1952. In 2003 he explained to historian Keith Thor Carlson that he attributed the revolution's failure to the dogmatism of members of the politburo's Russian-trained elite, in particular Jose and Jesus Lava—an accusation that runs contrary to the views of the Lava's and William Pomeroy who counter that Taruc suffered from a cult of personality.

paragraph: Several Huk veterans organizations dispute the credit heaped on Taruc for organizing the Hukbalahap during World War II. They contend that Taruc only joined the movement when several prominent Huk leaders were captured and executed by the Japanese, and that there were several Huk brigades operating in concert, under Castro Alejandrino, Eusebio Aquino and Mariano Franco among others.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On May 4, 2005, Luis Taruc died of a heart attack in St. Luke's Medical Center in Quezon City at the age of 91. Many political figures went to Luis Taruc's wake to pay respect and give support to his family.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of American guerrillas in the Philippines

description: Filipino politician

wikidata_label: Luis Taruc

wikipedia_title: Luis Taruc


text: industrialist

text: geopolitical

text: alma mater

text: Cornell University

text: Lyons

text: New York

text: tannery

text: Cornell Law School

text: Cornell University

text: Ithaca

text: New York State Assembly

text: Democrat

text: Wall Street

text: New York City

text: New York

text: corporate law

text: U.S. government contract

text: mail pouches

text: envelope

text: cotton

text: cotton mill

text: Taylor Formula

text: automotive industry

text: textile

text: combined tire fabric

text: World War I

text: American military

text: boom-bust cycle

text: J. P. Morgan, Jr.

text: George F. Baker

text: steel

text: corporation

text: finance

text: committee

text: chairman

text: chief executive officer

text: Great Depression

text: John L. Lewis

text: Congress of Industrial Organizations

text: Myron Taylor Labor Formula

text: Time

text: Fortune

text: Business Week

text: The New Yorker

text: The Saturday Evening Post

text: lake freighter

text: Évian Conference

text: Évian-les-Bains

text: France

text: U.S. President

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

text: Jewish refugees

text: Nazi

text: persecution

text: German

text: Adolf Hitler

text: mass extermination

text: The Holocaust

text: refugee

text: Sumner Welles

text: U.S. Under Secretary of State

text: immigration

text: Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees

text: Pope Pius XII

text: Rome

text: Italy

text: Harry S. Truman

text: ambassador

text: Holy See

text: Protestant

text: Christian

text: Methodists

text: Presbyterians

text: Lutherans

text: Baptists

text: Seventh-day Adventists

text: Lisbon

text: Portugal

text: London

text: United Kingdom

text: bombing of Rome in 1943–1944

text: Allies of World War II

text: Harold J. Tittmann, Jr.

text: chargé d'affaires

text: Vatican City

text: Spain

text: military general

text: dictator

text: Francisco Franco

text: Axis powers of World War II

text: military airbase

text: American Relief for Italy

text: Europe

text: Cold War

text: Soviet Union

text: Franklin C. Gowan

text: U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See

text: Medal for Merit

text: Knight

text: Order of Pius IX

text: lake freighter

text: Myron C. Taylor

text: Locust Valley

text: colonial

text: Captain John Underhill

text: façade

text: Harrie T. Lindeberg

text: Underhill Burying Ground

text: endowment

text: perpetual

text: library

text: stacks

text: buffet

text: lunch

text: Livingston Farrand

text: interdenominational

text: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

text: statue

text: Anubis

text: embalmer

text: Ptolemaic Period

text: Bouquet of Chrysanthemums

text: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

text: pallbearer

text: Deane Waldo Malott

text: Roger M. Blough

text: Benjamin F. Fairless

text: Irving S. Olds

text: Horace Donegan

text: music room

text: Foreign relations of Pope Pius XII

text: United States Steel

categories: American chief executives,Pope Pius XII and World War II,People from Manhattan,1874 births,1959 deaths,People from Locust Valley, New York,20th-century American diplomats,Businesspeople from New York (state),Cornell Law School alumni,Cold War diplomats,People from Lyons, New York,New York (state) Democrats,Knights of Pius IX,Medal for Merit recipients,American textile industry executives,Pope Pius XII foreign relations,American Episcopalians,Philanthropists from New York (state)

paragraph: Myron Charles Taylor

paragraph: Myron Charles Taylor (January 18, 1874 – May 5, 1959) was an American industrialist, and later a diplomat involved in many of the most important geopolitical events during and after World War II.

paragraph: In addition he was a philanthropist, giving to his "alma mater", Cornell University, and a number of other causes.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Taylor was born in Lyons, New York, to William Delling Taylor and Mary ("née" Underhill) Taylor. His father owned and operated a tannery business. Taylor graduated from the Cornell Law School of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, in 1894. He returned to Lyons and for the next five years attempted to establish a small-town law practice. He also twice ran for the New York State Assembly as a Democrat, and both times was defeated.

paragraph: In 1900, Taylor left Lyons to join his brother Willard Underhill Taylor (Cornell, A.B., class of 1891) on Wall Street in New York City, New York. His focus turned to corporate law, practicing at the firm of DeForest Brothers & DeForest. Taylor handled litigation for his father's tannery and subsequently won a U.S. government contract for mail pouches and related products. He moved into the textile and mail delivery business and, according to the "Finger Lakes Times", invented the transparent "window" in envelopes through which an address is displayed.

paragraph: Taylor's efforts in the textile industry expanded to the cotton markets, identifying opportunities to acquire struggling cotton mills, reworking labor practices and updating the technology they used. This approach later became known as the "Taylor Formula." Seeing the potential of the infant automotive industry, he established a textile firm that became the leading supplier of combined tire fabric. During World War I his plants became the leading suppliers to the American military effort. Following the war he saw a boom-bust cycle coming and disposed of all his interests in the mills.

paragraph: Section::::U.S. Steel.

paragraph: With his now-sizable fortune he could have retired, but at the urging of two leading Wall Street bankers (J. P. Morgan, Jr. and George F. Baker), Taylor was recruited to help turn around the finances of U.S. Steel. It was once the largest steel producer and largest corporation in the world. On September 15, 1925, he was elected a director and member of its powerful finance committee. He became the committee's chairman in 1929. From March 29, 1932, until April 5, 1938, he was U.S. Steel's chairman and chief executive officer.

paragraph: During the desperate years of the Great Depression, he applied the Taylor Formula again—closing or selling plants; reorganizing the corporate structure; and upgrading and modernizing the company's operations and technology.

paragraph: One defining moment occurred in 1937, when Taylor struck a deal with labor leader John L. Lewis who, at the time, was head of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Through the deal, U.S. Steel agreed to recognize a CIO subsidiary for purposes of representing and organizing U.S. Steel workers. U.S. Steel became the first major industrial corporation to take this historic step. The basis for the deal later became known as the Myron Taylor Labor Formula, defining how to bring about labor stability and long-term prosperity for the company:

paragraph: The Company recognizes the right of its

paragraph: employees to bargain collectively through

paragraph: representatives freely chosen by them without

paragraph: dictation, coercion or intimidation in any form

paragraph: or from any source. It will negotiate and

paragraph: contract with the representatives of any group

paragraph: of its employees so chosen and with any

paragraph: organization as the representative of its

paragraph: members, subject to the recognition of the

paragraph: principle that the right to work is not dependent

paragraph: on membership or non-membership in

paragraph: any organization and subject to the right of

paragraph: every employee freely to bargain in such

paragraph: manner and through such representatives, if

paragraph: any, as he chooses

paragraph: Taylor soon was featured on the covers of or in articles in "Time", "Fortune", "Business Week", "The New Yorker", and "The Saturday Evening Post". He did not officially retire from the board until January 12, 1956.

paragraph: U.S. Steel named one of its new lake freighters the "Myron C. Taylor" in 1929. It sailed under this name until it was sold off in 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomat.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomat.:International affairs.

paragraph: In July 1938 he represented the U.S. at the Évian Conference, in Évian-les-Bains, France, convened at the initiative of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to discuss the issue of increasing numbers of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution leading up to the onset of World War II. Before German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler turned to mass extermination of Jews by way of The Holocaust, the possibility of having refugees sent to willing countries was posed. Sumner Welles, the U.S. Under Secretary of State had proposed an international conference to address the immigration issue. Going into the conference Roosevelt gave Taylor the instruction: "All you need to do is get these people together." Taylor was appointed chairman, and while he was not able to get concessions on immigration, a proposal to create the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees was approved.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomat.:Personal envoy to Pope Pius XII.

paragraph: On December 22, 1939, Roosevelt asked Taylor "to take on a special mission for me" — to be Roosevelt's "personal envoy" to Pope Pius XII. Taylor's appointment was announced on December 23, 1939 and confirmed in Rome, Italy, on February 28, 1940. Taylor served from 1940 throughout the rest of Roosevelt's presidency (his death in 1945) and continued as President Harry S. Truman's "personal envoy" until 1950.

paragraph: Although appointed as a "Peace Ambassador" and "personal envoy", Taylor was extended ambassador status by the Holy See on February 13, 1940.

paragraph: His appointment to that diplomatic position was officially protested by many American Protestant Christian denominations, including Methodists, Presbyterians, Lutherans, Baptists and Seventh-day Adventists, who did not think the United States should have such a relationship with the Vatican and the Catholic Pope.

paragraph: Taylor left Rome on September 22, 1941, flying to Lisbon, Portugal, and London, United Kingdom, on the way back to the U.S. Initially he was ordered to work to prevent Italy from joining the war with Germany. Later he would be influential in urging limited bombing of Rome in 1943–1944 by the Allies of World War II, and then only of specific military targets, in order to preserve the cultural resources of the ancient city. Harold J. Tittmann, Jr. remained as "chargé d'affaires" after Taylor's departure. Given the rising tensions, he was required to move into Vatican City on December 13, 1941, after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and the US entered World War II against the Axis Powers.

paragraph: Taylor returned to Rome in September 1942, but went back to the US in October of that year.

paragraph: In the summer of 1942, Taylor was asked to convey to the Pope that the US would win the war and there would be no peace without victory. He persuaded the Pope to speak out against the atrocities being perpetuated by the Nazis against the Jews.

paragraph: Taylor was also successful in persuading Spain's military general and dictator Francisco Franco not to join the Axis powers of World War II. Later, he was able to lobby for an Allied military airbase in neutral Portugal that was ultimately granted.

paragraph: As the war approached its end and afterwards, Taylor recognized the Italian people were in dire need of necessities. He established American Relief for Italy, an organization that became the primary means to provide food, clothing and medicine to millions of suffering Italians. In a short time approximately $6 million in public funds were raised and over $37 million in relief supplies were distributed.

paragraph: Taylor intended to step down after the war ended. Following Roosevelt's death, he agreed to stay on and to help President Harry S. Truman, who succeeded to office. Truman charged Taylor to work "not only with the Pope but with other leaders in the spiritual world and in the world of politics and secular affairs as he travels through Europe in the fulfillment of his mission." For the next four years, Taylor traveled throughout Europe to get helpful Cold War information to which no other westerner had access and to shore up opposition by the Church to the Soviet Union.

paragraph: Taylor resigned in January 1950. Truman recalled his assistant Franklin C. Gowan, prompting speculation that the U.S. would reduce its relations with the Vatican and its officials. Protestant leaders continued to oppose US relations with the Vatican. Although there were interim informal diplomacy assignments, the U.S. did not appoint an official U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See until 1984.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: On December 20, 1948, President Truman awarded Taylor the Medal for Merit — one of the highest civilian decoration of the U.S. awarded to civilians for exceptionally meritorious conduct. He was also named a Knight of the Order of Pius IX, First Degree.

paragraph: In 1929 a lake freighter operated by a subsidiary of US Steel was named the "Myron C. Taylor" in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: In early 1950 Taylor officially retired.

paragraph: His country home in Locust Valley, New York, was situated on the site of a farm started by an English colonial ancestor, Captain John Underhill. After the Underhill house was damaged in a fire, Taylor did not tear it down. Instead, he encased it in a new façade designed by the architect Harrie T. Lindeberg. Taylor took an active interest in Underhill — placing a marker at the entrance to the Underhill Burying Ground in 1953 and creating an endowment to assist with the perpetual maintenance. The marker reads: "Erected by Myron C. Taylor in honor of his mother Mary Morgan Underhill Taylor, 1953".

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy and charitable activity.

paragraph: Taylor gave $1.5 million in 1928 to Cornell University for the construction of a new building complex for its Cornell Law School and Law Library. The new space allowed the library five floors of stacks for over 200,000 volumes.

paragraph: The dedication was in the Moot Court Room on October 15, 1932, with a buffet luncheon in the Reading Room following. Taylor and his wife Anabel C. Taylor presented the keys to the hall to then-Cornell University President Livingston Farrand.

paragraph: Among his last-remaining projects after his retirement was overseeing his 1949 gift to Cornell to build a $1.5 million structure adjoining its law school (which he had also helped to build). The new building, Anabel Taylor Hall, was named in his wife's honor and built to serve as an interdenominational religious center. Funds from Taylor also went toward the establishment of the Myron Taylor Lectures on Foreign Affairs, and for the Charles Evans Hughes residence center.

paragraph: Myron and Anabel Taylor contributed several items to The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, or owned artwork that was later given by another collector. Among these items include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- a statuette of the god Anubis as embalmer, Ptolemaic Period, c. 332-30 BC (given by Mr. and Mrs. Myron Taylor in 1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bouquet of Chrysanthemums", Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1881 (purchased by Taylor by 1937, sold in 1961 to Annenberg, bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2002).

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Taylor quietly lived out his final years, never seeking public accolades or recognition. When his wife died on December 12, 1958, he lost his "raison d'etre". He died five months later on May 5, 1959, at his home in New York City at age 85.

paragraph: Truman paid tribute noting, "The Honorable Myron C. Taylor performed great services for both me and my predecessor in the White House to the Vatican at a time when it was essential that the United States be represented in that quarter. Undoubtedly, no one could have performed the job as well as he did ... All of this should be deeply grateful for the unselfish works of this fine man and able public servant."

paragraph: Leaders in government, finance and industry were among the 200 people who attended the funeral service at his home on 16 East Seventieth Street. Honorary pallbearers included Welles; Deane Waldo Malott, president of Cornell University; Roger M. Blough, chairman of U.S. Steel; and Benjamin F. Fairless and Irving S. Olds, former chairmen of U.S. Steel.

paragraph: Four clergymen, led by the Right Rev. Horace Donegan, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of New York, participated in the service held in the music room of the residence.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foreign relations of Pope Pius XII

paragraph: BULLET::::- United States Ambassador to the Holy See

paragraph: BULLET::::- United States Steel

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Curtiss, W. David and Stewart, Evan, "Cornell Benefactor, Industrial Czar, and FDR's "Ambassador Extraordinary"

description: American diplomat

wikidata_label: Myron Charles Taylor

wikipedia_title: Myron Charles Taylor


text: poet

text: Heian period

text: Fun'ya no Yasuhide

text: Hyakunin Isshu

text: Emperor Daigo

categories: Hyakunin Isshu poets,10th-century Japanese poets

paragraph: Fun'ya no Asayasu

paragraph: Fun'ya no Asayasu also Bunya no Asayasu (文屋朝康, lived about the end of the 9th century — beginning of 10th century) — Japanese poet of Heian period.

paragraph: He was the son of Fun'ya no Yasuhide

paragraph: His poem in the "Hyakunin Isshu" is No. 37:

paragraph: He is said to have composed this verse at the request of the Emperor Daigo in the year 900.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Hundred Verses from Old Japan (The Hyakunin-isshu), tr. by William N. Porter, 1909, at sacred-texts.com

description: Japanese poet

wikidata_label: Fun'ya no Asayasu

wikipedia_title: Fun'ya no Asayasu


text:
Cardinal
Roman Catholic Church
Archbishop of Toledo
Primate of Spain
La Pola de Gordón
León Province
Seminary
Leon
rector
Philippines
philosophy
bishop of Lugo
Pope Leo XIII
metropolitan see of Burgos
Archbishop of Toledo
San Giovanni a Porta Latina
Pope Pius X

categories: Archbishops of Toledo,Spanish cardinals,People from La Pola de Gordón,1835 births,1913 deaths,19th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Archbishops of Burgos

paragraph: Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia

paragraph: Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia (12 March 1835 – 10 October 1913) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia was born in La Pola de Gordón, León Province. He was educated at the Seminary of Leon, and the Colegio de Pastrana.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Priesthood.

paragraph: He was ordained and served as a faculty member and rector of several theological colleges of his order in Spain and the Philippines. He was lecturer of philosophy from 1860 until 1863; and theology from 1863 to 1879. He was rector of the schools of Consuegra, 1867–1870; Pastrana, 1870–1876; Almagro, 1878; and Puebla de Montalbán, 1881.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Episcopate.

paragraph: He was appointed as bishop of Lugo on 27 March 1885 by Pope Leo XIII. He served as Senator of the Spanish kingdom from 1893 until 1895, and again from 1902 until his death. He was promoted to the metropolitan see of Burgos on 21 May 1894. From 1909 until his death, he was Archbishop of Toledo.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Cardinalate.

paragraph: He was created Cardinal-Priest of "San Giovanni a Porta Latina" in the consistory of 15 April 1907 by Pope Pius X. He was transferred to the primatial see of Toledo on 29 April 1909. He died in 1913.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia

wikipedia_title: Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia


text:
Kassite
Babylon
Sumer
Karduniaš
ka
ru
ia
aš
Kassite language
Sumerian
Inanna
Uruk
socles
Seleucid era
cella
bulwarks
Vorderasiatisches
Pergamon Museum
Aššur-bêl-nišešu
short chronology
Thutmosis III
Mitanni
annals of Thutmosis III
Low Chronology
Ancient Egypt
Burna-Buriash II
Amarna correspondence
Akhenaten
Great Temple of Amun
Karnak
University Museum
Kassite male god
Shutruk-Nahhunte

categories: Babylonian kings,Kassite kings,15th-century BC Babylonian kings

paragraph: Karaindash

paragraph: Karaindaš was one of the more prominent rulers of the Kassite dynasty and reigned towards the end of the 15th century, BC. An inscription on a tablet detailing building work calls him “Mighty King, King of Babylonia, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the Kassites, King of Karduniaš,” inscribed "ka-ru-du-ni-ia-aš", probably the Kassite language designation for their kingdom and the earliest extant attestation of this name.

paragraph: Section::::Eanna of Inanna.

paragraph: Karaindaš’ own eleven-line Sumerian inscriptions adorn bricks from the Temple dedicated to the goddess Inanna, in Uruk, where he commissioned the spectacular façade pictured. It is 205 cm high and would originally have been constructed from around five hundred pre-formed baked bricks, which were set in recessed socles, depicting both male and female deities holding water jugs. The bearded males wear horned flat caps and double streams of water flow symmetrically to frame the niches. Apart from the simple dedication, there are no significant texts adorning the façades.

paragraph: The temple to Inanna was originally located in a courtyard of the Eanna, or “House of Heaven”, precinct of Uruk and stood until the Seleucid era. It was a rectangular building with a long cella and ante-cella surrounded by corridors and the elaborately decorated external wall with corner bulwarks. The inner sanctuary had the cult image at the end, instead of the usual siting in the middle of a long wall.

paragraph: It was excavated during the 1928/29 season by a team led by Director Julius Jordan under the auspices of the Deutsche Orient Gesellschaft and Deutsche Not-Gemeinschaft. A section of the outer wall has been reassembled and moved to the Vorderasiatisches wing of the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. Parts of the façade were in the Iraq Museum in Baghdad, but were stolen during the looting of the museum after the American occupation of Baghdad during the second Gulf War and have since disappeared.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomatic Relations.

paragraph: He concluded a boundary treaty ("riksu") with Aššur-bêl-nišešu of Assyria (1407-1399; short chronology), “together with an oath ("māmītu")” according to the "Synchronistic Chronicle".

paragraph: According to Sassmannshausen, it is "very" likely that Karaindaš was the Babylonian king who sent precious gifts, including lapis lazuli, to pharaoh Thutmosis III during his 8th campaign, the attack on the Mitanni, according to the annals of Thutmosis III. This was conducted in the 33rd of his reign or around 1447 BC according to the Low Chronology of Ancient Egypt, suggesting Karaindaš had a very long reign if this chronology coincides with that of the short chronology used for the Near East, but there are chronological difficulties trying to correlate Tuthmosis and Karaindaš.

paragraph: Burna-Buriash II, in his Amarna correspondence with Pharaoh Akhenaten, in the tablet designated EA 10, describes him as the first to enter into friendly relations with Egypt, “Since the time of Karaindaš, since messengers of your ancestors have come regularly to my ancestors, up to the present they (the ancestors of the two lands) have been good friends.” The "Annals of Tuthmosis", inscribed on the inside walls of the corridor which surrounds the granite holy of holies of the Great Temple of Amun at Karnak, record the "tribute" of Babylon, and include a lapis lazuli ram’s head amongst the inventory.

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: A brown agate cylinder seal (pictured), which is in the University Museum in Philadelphia, is inscribed “Oh [Shuqamuna], lord who advances in brilliance by your fullness … your light is indeed favourable: Izkur-Marduk, "son of Karaindaš", who prays to you and reveres you.” Shuqamuna was a Kassite male god symbolized by a bird on a perch often accompanied by his consort, Shumaliya, associated with the investiture of kings. Izkur-Marduk’s name is wholly Babylonian and translates as “he has invoked Marduk”.

paragraph: His renown was apparently so great, that Shutruk-Nahhunte who would go on to ransack Babylon around 250 years later, boasted “I destroyed Karaindaš”, i.e. Babylonia.

wikidata_label: Karaindash

wikipedia_title: Karaindash


text:
Ancient Egypt
New Kingdom of Egypt
Senusret III
Great Royal Wife
cartouche
Khenemetneferhedjet II
Neferthenut
Sithathoriunet
stele
British Museum
Semna
Thutmose III

categories: 19th-century BC women,Queens consort of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt,People whose existence is disputed

paragraph: Meretseger (queen)

paragraph: Meretseger ("She who Loves Silence") was an Ancient Egyptian queen consort.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Meretseger appears in sources of the New Kingdom of Egypt as the wife of Senusret III. According to that she would be the first Egyptian queen consort to bear the title Great Royal Wife, which became the standard title for chief wives of pharaohs. She was also the first queen consort whose name was written in a cartouche. However, as there are no contemporary sources relating to Meretseger, she is most likely a creation of the New Kingdom.

paragraph: Along with Khenemetneferhedjet II and Neferthenut, she is one of three known wives of Senusret III (a fourth, possible wife is Sithathoriunet). She was depicted on a New Kingdom stele now in the British Museum (EA846) and on an inscription in Semna dating to the reign of Thutmose III.

description: ancient Egyptian queen consort

wikidata_label: Meretseger

wikipedia_title: Meretseger (queen)


text:
American
bassist
punk
band
Butthole Surfers
lead vocalist
Gibby Haynes
Digital Dump
The Jackofficers
Rey Washam
Helios Creed
Bad Livers
Danny Barnes
Austin, Texas
Melvins
Jared Warren
Hold It In
Paul Leary
Le Butcherettes
Basses Loaded
Cassette tape
Compact Disc
Melvins
Hold It In
Sleep
Melvins
Steven McDonald
Redd Kross
Pinkus Abortion Technician
Locust Abortion Technician
Hairway to Steven
Widowermaker
piouhgd
Independent Worm Saloon
Hold It In
Basses Loaded
Pinkus Abortion Technician
Keep on the Grass
JD Pinkus Official Website
Areola 51 on MAXBRODYWORLD.COM/bandcamp

categories: Place of birth missing (living people),Noise rock musicians,American male bass guitarists,Butthole Surfers members,Year of birth missing (living people),Hardcore punk musicians,Guitarists from Texas,American rock bass guitarists,Musicians from Austin, Texas,Living people,American male guitarists

paragraph: Jeff Pinkus

paragraph: Jeff 'J.D.' Pinkus is an American bassist best known for his work with American punk band Butthole Surfers from 1985 to 1994 and the 2009 reunion.

paragraph: In 1990, he and Butthole Surfers' lead vocalist Gibby Haynes released "Digital Dump", the only album from their psychedelic house music side project The Jackofficers.

paragraph: Upon leaving Butthole Surfers, Pinkus worked full-time with the Austin trio Daddy Longhead, which he had assembled during his waning months in the band, and which included longtime Atlanta associate Jimbo Young on guitar and Rey Washam on drums. Daddy Longhead retired after 10 years, leaving Pinkus free to explore other projects including Skinny Leonard and Areola 51. Pinkus played with Helios Creed on his albums 'NUGG: The Transport'[1996] and 'Activated Condition' [1998], and has also collaborated with Bad Livers frontman Danny Barnes several times in a live setting.

paragraph: He currently leads Honky and as of January 2008 plays weekly on Monday nights at the Jackalope, in Austin, Texas, with an assortment of other musicians called the Guit Down Syndrome.

paragraph: Pinkus also performs with Pure Luck,who released a self-titled release in 2017 on Heavy Feather Records. He leaves his bass to play Banjo and Guitar in this project.

paragraph: On their 30th anniversary tour in 2013, Pinkus joined the Melvins in place of Jared Warren (on paternity leave) as well as performing with the opening Honky. He subsequently joined the Melvins full-time, touring with them in 2014 in support of the album "Hold It In", which also featured Butthole Surfers founder Paul Leary, and again in 2015. He also plays on the song "Captain Come Down" which was first released in 2015 on "Chaos as Usual", a split release with Le Butcherettes, and later included on the 2016 album "Basses Loaded".

paragraph: In 2018, J.D. Pinkus released a solo album, "Keep on the Grass" on Cassette tape on Minner Bucket Records and Compact Disc on Heavy Feather Records. It was recorded entirely on banjo and features a rendition of the song "Bride of Crankenstein" from the Melvins album Hold It In. The C.D. release show is with Sleep in San Pedro on September 15, 2018.

paragraph: On February 12, 2018, the Melvins announced that Pinkus would be joining them, alongside current bassist Steven McDonald (Redd Kross), on their next album and subsequent tour. Released on April 20, 2018, the aptly titled "Pinkus Abortion Technician" features both bass players and four songs written or co-written by Pinkus.

paragraph: Section::::Select discography.

paragraph: Section::::Select discography.:Butthole Surfers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 – "Locust Abortion Technician"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 – "Hairway to Steven"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 – "Widowermaker" (EP)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 – "piouhgd"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 – "Independent Worm Saloon"

paragraph: Section::::Select discography.:Daddy Longhead.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 – "Cheatos"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 – "Supermasonic"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – "Classic"

paragraph: Section::::Select discography.:Areola 51.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Self-Tittled"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - "The Double-D sides"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "Live-2005"

paragraph: Section::::Select discography.:Honky.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – "Honky"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 – "House of Good Tires"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 – "Balls Out Inn"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 – "421"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – Corduroy

paragraph: Section::::Select discography.:Melvins.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – "Hold It In"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – "Basses Loaded" (on the song "Captain Come Down")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 – "Pinkus Abortion Technician"

paragraph: Section::::Select discography.:Pure Luck.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - Pure Luck

paragraph: Section::::Select discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Keep on the Grass"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- JD Pinkus Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Areola 51 on MAXBRODYWORLD.COM/bandcamp

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Jeff Pinkus

wikipedia_title: Jeff Pinkus


text: West Virginia

text: Fairmont, Virginia

text: West Virginia

text: Wellsburg, Virginia

text: West Virginia

text: Mason County, Virginia

text: West Virginia

text: Wheeling Convention

text: Restored government of Virginia

text: judicial circuit

text: West Virginia

text: Republican

text: United States House of Representatives

text: Point Pleasant, West Virginia

categories: West Virginia Republicans,Members of the United States House of Representatives from West Virginia,Delegates of the 1861 Wheeling Convention,West Virginia lawyers,Virginia Republicans,Editors of West Virginia newspapers,Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives,West Virginia state court judges,People from Wellsburg, West Virginia,Virginia lawyers,People from Fairmont, West Virginia,People from Point Pleasant, West Virginia,1877 deaths,People of West Virginia in the American Civil War,1803 births

paragraph: Daniel Polsley

paragraph: Daniel Haymond Polsley (November 28, 1803 – October 14, 1877) was a nineteenth-century politician, lawyer, judge and editor from West Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Palatine near Fairmont, Virginia (now West Virginia), Polsley attended country schools as a child, completed preparatory studies, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1827, commencing practice in Wellsburg, Virginia (now West Virginia). He was editor the "Western Transcript" from 1833 to 1845. He then moved to Mason County, Virginia (now West Virginia) in 1845 and engaged in agricultural pursuits and practiced law.

paragraph: Daniel married Eliza Villette Brown of Virginia on August 14, 1827 in Wellsburg, West Virginia. Some sources show the couple had 12 children.

paragraph: Polsley was a member of the Wheeling Convention in 1861 and was chosen to be Lieutenant Governor of the Restored government of Virginia the same year. About two weeks before West Virginia became a separate state, he resigned on 8 June 1863. He was judge of the seventh judicial circuit of West Virginia from 1863 to 1866 before being elected a Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1866, serving from 1867 to 1869. Afterwards, Polsley commenced practicing law until his death in Point Pleasant, West Virginia on October 14, 1877. He was interred there in Lone Oak Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- United States Congressional Delegations from West Virginia

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Retrieved on 2009-04-07

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Daniel Polsley

wikipedia_title: Daniel Polsley


text:
Roman Catholic
priest
Native American
San Diego, California
Mission San Diego de Alcalá
annexation
Lincoln
Bishop
Thaddeus Amat
Presbyterian
Katherine Drexel
Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet

categories: 1907 deaths,American clergy,American Roman Catholic priests

paragraph: Anthony Ubach

paragraph: Anthony Dominic Ubach (1835–1907) was a Roman Catholic priest and long-time advocate for the education of Native Americans in San Diego, California during the late 19th century.

paragraph: Ubach, a native of Catalonia, in Spain, was the first priest appointed to serve Mission San Diego de Alcalá after California's annexation by the United States. In 1862, President Lincoln had signed an order returning the mission lands to the Catholic Church. Presumably appointed by Bishop Thaddeus Amat—then the Bishop of the Diocese of Monterey-Los Angeles—Ubach arrived in 1866 to find that the mission had been used by the U.S. military for nearly twenty years, and was in a total state of disrepair.

paragraph: As soon as he arrived, as well as the restoration of the church itself, Ubach sought ways to provide vocational training to the young Native Americans of the mission. At that time, there was no efforts made by the U.S. government for the education of Native Americans, and for nearly twenty years, he had to rely on private resources, mostly the Presbyterian mission office. By the time they ceased to provide aid, a national office of the Catholic Church dedicated to the assistance of Blacks and Native Americans had been established and was able to provide limited support. This office had come about through the work of Mother (later Saint) Katherine Drexel.

paragraph: For this work, three schools were eventually founded, and were run by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, whom Ubach met when they passed through San Diego on their way to Arizona, their first establishment in the region.

paragraph: Ubach served as pastor of the mission until his death in 1907.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Teresa Baksh McNeil. 1988. "St. Anthony's Indian School in San Diego, 1886-1907." Journal of San Diego History.

description: American priest

wikidata_label: Anthony Ubach

wikipedia_title: Anthony Ubach


text:
Portuguese
saint
hagiographies
Roman
Sicilian
Braga
Pope Clement I
the city's third bishop
baptized
Saint Marina
martyred
Christian
folk-etymological
Latin
Lusitania
hermit
sepulcher
cathedral of Braga
auditory
deaf
Sant' Audito (Ovidio) di Braga

categories: Portuguese Roman Catholic saints,2nd-century bishops,Deaf culture,Bishops of Braga,Burials at Braga Cathedral,1st-century bishops,2nd-century Christian martyrs,Sicilian saints,135 deaths

paragraph: Saint Ovidius

paragraph: Ovidius (), also "Saint Auditus", is a Portuguese saint. According to hagiographies of the 16th century, Ovidius was a Roman citizen of Sicilian origin. Tradition states that he was sent to Braga by Pope Clement I, where he served as the city's third bishop around 95. He is said to have baptized Saint Marina and her sisters after they were abandoned by their mother.

paragraph: He was martyred for his Christian faith in 135.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: The Portuguese call him "Santo Ovídio", and sometimes, by the folkloric "São Ouvido" (literally "he who is heard" or "ear"), a folk-etymological translation of the Latin name "Auditus"; this name was then rendered as "Ovídio".

paragraph: Accounts of the 17th century assert that in Lusitanian archaeological sites, Saint Ovidius was depicted in episcopal robes or in the garments of a hermit; these depictions testify to an ancient veneration. His sepulcher can be found in the cathedral of Braga.

paragraph: Because of his name, Saint Auditus or Ovidius was traditionally invoked against auditory diseases. Under the base of his sepulcher in the cathedral, there were two holes into which the deaf would slip their fingers. They would then place their fingers into their ears by way of intercession with this saint.

paragraph: His feast day is June 3.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sant' Audito (Ovidio) di Braga

description: Portuguese bishop

wikidata_label: Saint Ovidius

wikipedia_title: Saint Ovidius


text: American football

text: Cleveland Browns

text: Green Bay Packers

text: National Football League

text: Grambling State University

text: [Paul] Hornung

text: Pro Bowl

text: the team's Board of Directors

text: color commentator

text: NBC

text: Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: Walter Camp Man of the Year

text: NFL Alumni

text: Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame

text: The Sporting News

text: Kappa Alpha Psi

text: Dow Chemical

text: Johnson Controls

text: K-Mart

text: L.A. Gear

text: Manpower

text: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

text: MGM Mirage

text: Rally's

text: Sara Lee

text: Schlitz

text: WICOR

text: KHTI

text: KATY-FM

text: WLDB-FM

text: WLUM-FM

text: WZTI

text: actor

text: Duane Davis

categories: American mass media owners,Western Conference Pro Bowl players,Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees,Green Bay Packers players,Cleveland Browns players,People from Lisbon, Louisiana,American football defensive ends,1934 births,Super Bowl champions,African-American businesspeople,Players of American football from Louisiana,Grambling State Tigers football players,University of Chicago Booth School of Business alumni,Living people,National Football League announcers

paragraph: Willie Davis (defensive end)

paragraph: Willie D. Davis (born July 24, 1934) is a former American football defensive end for the Cleveland Browns and the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Davis graduated from Grambling State University.

paragraph: Davis wore number 87 during his career with the Packers. For 10 seasons, Davis anchored the Packers' defensive line, playing 138 consecutive regular-season games and part of 162 regular-season games for his NFL career. Davis was a member of all five of Lombardi's NFL title-winning teams and played in Super Bowls I and II.

paragraph: Davis played in an era when neither tackles nor sacks were official statistics. However, John Turney, a member of the Professional Football Researchers Association, reports that Davis had in excess of 100 sacks during his 10-year Green Bay career (1960–69), "possibly more than 120," including a minimum of 40 over the 1963–65 seasons alone. Davis himself is quoted as saying, "I would think I would have to be the team's all-time leader in sacks. I played 10 years and I averaged in the 'teens' in sacks for those 10 years. I had 25 one season. [Paul] Hornung just reminded me of that the other day." Davis earned All-Pro honors 5 times (1962, 64–67). He was voted to the Pro Bowl five times (1963–67).

paragraph: Davis recovered 21 fumbles over his Packers career, which, more than three decades removed from his retirement, remains a team record. The Packers honored his retirement with a "Willie Davis Day" on December 21, 1969. Davis remains on the team's Board of Directors.

paragraph: In the early 1970s, Davis worked as a color commentator on NFL telecasts for NBC. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1981. In 1986, Davis was named the Walter Camp Man of the Year. In 1987, he was given the Career Achievement Award from the NFL Alumni, and in 1988 he was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame . In 1999, he was ranked number 69 on "The Sporting News"' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players.

paragraph: Davis is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. He received his MBA from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business in 1968. He is a member or former member of the boards of Alliance Bank, Dow Chemical (1988–2006), Johnson Controls (1991–2006), K-Mart, L.A. Gear, Manpower (2001–), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1999–), MGM Mirage, Rally's Inc., Sara Lee (1983–), Schlitz Brewing, and WICOR Inc. He has been president of All-Pro Broadcasting, operators of radio stations KHTI, KATY-FM, WLDB-FM, WLUM-FM, and WZTI since 1976.

paragraph: Davis' son is actor Duane Davis. He also has a daughter, Lori Davis

description: American football player, defensive lineman

wikidata_label: Willie Davis

wikipedia_title: Willie Davis (defensive end)


text: cancer research

text: Chief Medical Officer

text: England

text: Warden and Vice-Chancellor

text: Durham University

text: Chancellor

text: University of Glasgow

text: National Cancer Research Institute

text: Calman Commission

text: Scottish devolution

text: Allan Glen's School

text: University of Glasgow

text: intercalated

text: biochemistry

text: MB ChB

text: dermatology

text: Chester Beatty Research Institute

text: Medical Research Council

text: Chief Medical Officer

text: Scottish Office

text: United Kingdom government

text: Department of Health

text: BSE

text: Vice-Chancellor

text: Durham University

text: campus at Stockton-on-Tees

text: 2003 Golden Jubilee

text: Josephine Butler College

text: teaching of medicine at Durham

text: Newcastle

text: Professor Christopher Higgins

text: Nuffield Council on Bioethics

text: Chancellor of the University of Glasgow

text: General Council

text: Neil MacCormick

text: MEP

text: John MacCormick

text: Rector of the University

text: National Trust for Scotland

text: National Library of Scotland

text: Scottish Parliament

text: Scottish devolution

text: Lord Advocate

text: Colin Boyd

text: Deputy First Minister

text: Jim Wallace

text: Mona Siddiqui

text: Strathclyde

text: Aberdeen

text: Nottingham

text: Newcastle

text: Birmingham

text: Stirling

text: Paisley

text: Westminster

text: Brighton

text: Open University

text: Glasgow Caledonian University

text: Royal Society of Edinburgh

text: Academy of Medical Educators

text: Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

text: Royal College of Physicians

text: Faculty of Public Health

text: Boys' Brigade

text: Tulliallan Castle

text: Susan Calman

text: Appointment as Deputy Lieutenant

categories: 1941 births,Chief Medical Officers for Scotland,People educated at Allan Glen's School,Fellows of the Royal College of General Practitioners,Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons,Academics of the University of Glasgow,Chief Medical Officers for England,Scottish surgeons,Vice-Chancellors and Wardens of Durham University,Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath,People from Glasgow,Alumni of the University of Glasgow,Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,Chancellors of the University of Glasgow,20th-century Scottish medical doctors,21st-century Scottish medical doctors,Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow,Living people

paragraph: Kenneth Calman

paragraph: Sir Kenneth Charles Calman, HonFAcadMEd (born 25 December 1941) is a Scottish doctor who formerly worked as a surgeon, oncologist and cancer researcher and who held the position of Chief Medical Officer of Scotland, and then England. He was Warden and Vice-Chancellor of Durham University from 1998 to 2006 before becoming Chancellor of the University of Glasgow. He held the position of Chair of National Cancer Research Institute from 2008 until 2011. From 2008 to 2009, he was convener of the Calman Commission on Scottish devolution.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Kenneth Calman was born on 25 December 1941 to Grace Douglas Don and Arthur McIntosh Calman. He was educated at Allan Glen's School and the University of Glasgow. He began medical training and took a intercalated BSc in biochemistry while studying for his MB ChB, the general medical degree. He undertook a PhD in dermatology and also received an MD with Honors on organ preservation.

paragraph: He became Hall Fellow and Lecturer in Surgery at the University in 1969, and between 1972–74, was a clinical research fellow at the Chester Beatty Research Institute in London, funded by the Medical Research Council. In 1974, he was appointed to the Chair of Clinical Oncology and became Dean of Postgraduate Medicine at The University of Glasgow in 1984.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Calman was appointed Chief Medical Officer for Scotland, at the Scottish Office in 1989. He was then appointed Chief Medical Officer for England, by the United Kingdom government, at the Department of Health in 1991–98, a period that included the BSE crisis.

paragraph: He was the UK Representative at the World Health Organisation and chaired its Executive Committee 1988/9.

paragraph: In 1998, he was appointed Vice-Chancellor and Warden of Durham University. His time as vice-chancellor saw the expansion and integration of the campus at Stockton-on-Tees, with two colleges being established there in 2001 and the campus being renamed "Queen's Campus" during the 2003 Golden Jubilee celebrations. A new college was also opened in 2006, Josephine Butler College. There was also a return to the teaching of medicine at Durham, with students doing their pre-clinical studies at Queen's Campus before transferring to Newcastle to complete the clinical part of their degrees. His time as vice-chancellor also saw the closure of the Department of Applied Linguistics in 2003 and Department of East Asian Studies in 2007. Professor Calman retired as Warden in 2006 and was succeeded by Professor Christopher Higgins.

paragraph: Calman was a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics from 2000–2008. He chaired its inquiry on the "Ethics of research related to healthcare in developing countries" from 2000–2002, and was a member of the Working Party on "Public health" from 2006–2007.

paragraph: On 23 January 2006, it was announced Calman had been elected Chancellor of the University of Glasgow by the General Council of the University, taking around 60 percent of the vote against opponent Professor Sir Neil MacCormick, a former MEP, jurist and son of John MacCormick, former Rector of the University.

paragraph: Calman was Chair of the Board of Trustees of the National Trust for Scotland from 2010 to 2015. On 1 October 2016 he took up the position of Chair of the Board of National Library of Scotland.

paragraph: He has written 15 books, mainly on medical topics, and many papers on medicine, health and science.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Calman Commission.

paragraph: Calman was the chair of a commission established by the Scottish Parliament in March 2008 to review Scottish devolution, commonly referred to as the "Calman Commission". Other Commission members include former Lord Advocate Colin Boyd, former Deputy First Minister Jim Wallace, and Mona Siddiqui, Professor of Islamic Studies at the University of Glasgow. The Commission published its first interim report in December 2008, and published its final report on 15 June 2009. The Commission recommended, amongst other things, that the Scottish Parliament receive greater tax-raising powers as well as control over the regulation of airguns, the administration of elections, drink-driving limits and the national speed limit.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: Calman has received honorary degrees from the universities of Glasgow, Strathclyde, Aberdeen, Nottingham, Newcastle, Birmingham, Stirling, Paisley, Westminster and Brighton, the Open University and Glasgow Caledonian University.

paragraph: He became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1979. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Academy of Medical Educators. He is a Deputy Lieutenant in the City of Glasgow.

paragraph: He holds fellowships of several Royal Colleges including

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow of the Faculty of Public Health, 1989

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He was President of The Boys' Brigade from 2007 until 2012, and addressed his first Council meeting as President at Tulliallan Castle in September 2008.

paragraph: He likes to write poetry. In 2013 he graduated MLitt at the University of Glasgow with a thesis on Scottish Literature and medicine. This was subsequently published as a book, "A Doctor's Line" in 2014.

paragraph: He married Ann Wilkie in 1967, and has a son and two daughters, one of whom is the comedian Susan Calman. He enjoys collecting cartoons and sundials.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kenneth Calman: The cautious doctor (BBC)

paragraph: BULLET::::- BBC News: Devolution Review Body Launched

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appointment as Deputy Lieutenant

description: British cancer researcher

wikidata_label: Kenneth Calman

wikipedia_title: Kenneth Calman


text:
House of Commons
peer
Royalist
English Civil War
Sir Henry Widdrington
Widdrington, Northumberland
High Sheriff of Northumberland
Member of Parliament
Northumberland
Short
Long Parliament
Charles I
Civil War
Yorkshire
Lincolnshire
Lincoln
Baron Widdrington
York
Marston Moor
Duke of Newcastle
Hamburg
House of Commons
Charles II
Scotland
Wigan
Blankney Hall
Blankney
Lincoln
William
Ralph Widdrington (MP)

categories: Cavaliers,Barons in the Peerage of England,English MPs 1640–1648,1610 births,People from Northumberland,1651 deaths,English MPs 1640 (April),High Sheriffs of Northumberland

paragraph: William Widdrington, 1st Baron Widdrington (11 July 16103 September 1651) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1642 and was created a peer in 1643. He fought in the Royalist army in the English Civil War and was killed in battle in 1651.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Widdrington was born on 11 July 1610, the son and heir of Sir Henry Widdrington of Widdrington, Northumberland and his wife Mary Curwen, daughter of Sir Nicholas Curwen. Knighted in 1632, he was appointed High Sheriff of Northumberland in 1636. He was then elected Member of Parliament for Northumberland in both the Short and the Long Parliaments of 1640 to 1642, but in August 1642 he was expelled for taking up arms in support of Charles I.

paragraph: During the Civil War he fought for the King chiefly in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and on 9 July 1642 was rewarded for his loyalty to the Crown by creation as 1st Baronet Widdrington of Widdrington.

paragraph: He served as governor of Lincoln in 1643, and on 2 November 1643 was elevated to the Peerage as 1st Baron Widdrington of Blankney.

paragraph: In 1644, after helping to defend York, and the Kings defeat at Marston Moor he left England with the Duke of Newcastle for exile in Hamburg.

paragraph: In 1648 he was condemned to death in his absence by the House of Commons and his estates were confiscated. He returned in 1650 when he accompanied Charles II to Scotland and in 1651 he was mortally wounded while fighting for him at Wigan.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1629 Widdrington married Mary, daughter and heiress of Anthony Thorold of Blankney Hall, Blankney, near Lincoln. They had eight sons and two daughters including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William (died 1675) first son had heir.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward, who married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Horseley, of Long Horseley, Northumberland. They had at least one daughter Teresa who married William, Wheler, 3rd Baronet.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jane, married Sir Charles Stanley, K.B., nephew of the Lord Derby.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph Widdrington (MP) c1640-1715

description: English politician


text:
Congressman
U.S. Senator
Illinois
Cortland
Aurora
Reuben Ellwood
U.S. Senate

categories: Members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois,United States Senators from Illinois,1922 deaths,Republican Party United States Senators,People from Cortland, Illinois,Illinois Republicans,Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives,Illinois lawyers,Hillsdale College alumni,1846 births

paragraph: Albert J. Hopkins

paragraph: Albert Jarvis Hopkins (August 15, 1846August 23, 1922) was a Congressman and U.S. Senator from Illinois.

paragraph: Hopkins was born near Cortland, Illinois. He was admitted to the bar in 1871 and practiced in Aurora. He was elected to fill out the congressional term of Reuben Ellwood in 1885 and was re-elected in his own right for eight full terms, serving from 1885 through 1903. In 1903, he successfully ran for the U.S. Senate. His reelection bid in 1909 was unsuccessful and he returned to practice law in Aurora.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Albert J. Hopkins

wikipedia_title: Albert J. Hopkins


text:
Brisbane
Erinn Swan
The Butterfly Effect
Trial Kennedy
The Veronicas
The Veronicas
The Butterfly Effect
Panic! at the Disco
Taste of Chaos
Big Day Out
Australian singles charts
Brisbane
Brisbane
Erinn Swan
Queen
Indonesia
Showtime
ABBA
Hannah Montana
Miley Cyrus
Brisbane
Fender

categories: Queensland University of Technology alumni,People from Brisbane,Alternative rock drummers,Indie rock drummers,Pop keyboardists,Australian rock drummers,Australian rock keyboardists,21st-century guitarists,Australian indie rock musicians,Australian male musicians,21st-century bass guitarists,1984 births,Male drummers,Pop guitarists,Lead guitarists,Australian rock bass guitarists,Alternative hip hop musicians,Alternative rock bass guitarists,Living people,21st-century Australian musicians,Australian bass guitarists,Male bass guitarists,Australian songwriters,21st-century drummers,Alternative rock keyboardists,Australian multi-instrumentalists,Australian indie pop musicians

paragraph: Matty Newton

paragraph: Matthew "Matty" Newton (born 3 January 1984) is an Australian songwriter, bass player, guitarist, keyboardist and producer from Queensland, Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Matty Newton got his start in the Australian music scene as bass player for Brisbane indie rock band Repeat Offender from 2003 through 2009. In 2008 Newton and Erinn Swan formed the band Streamer Bendy. He has also spent time performing as a guitarist with rock bands Trial Kennedy, Tourism and Nina May. Newton has worked closely with a lot of bands in Australia, notably as touring guitar technician for bands The Butterfly Effect, Trial Kennedy and Tourism, occasionally joining the latter on guitar. Newton spent three years as the bass player for the Tribute Theatre Company, Showtime where he toured the world for several years. In 2010 Newton was approached by The Veronicas to play bass and contribute to songwriting for their third album, and subsequently spent several months living in Los Angeles with the band before parting ways to continue work on the never-released Streamer Bendy project in Stockholm, Sweden.

paragraph: In 2012 Newton's solo project, "The Rebound Girl", was shortlisted for "Best Urban Release" in the QLD Music Awards.

paragraph: Section::::Repeat Offender.

paragraph: As a founding member, Newton played bass, wrote the songs and managed Australian band Repeat Offender who released several albums and toured with bands such as The Veronicas, The Butterfly Effect, and Panic! at the Disco and played festivals such as Taste of Chaos and Big Day Out. Repeat Offender released their first EP, "To a Modern Love...", on May 2006 independently and debuted at number 23 in the Australian singles charts. Repeat Offender toured heavily and performed over 600 shows between 2003 and 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Streamer Bendy.

paragraph: Streamer Bendy were a Brisbane band that recorded their self-titled debut album between Stockholm, Los Angeles, Brisbane and Sydney. Newton formed the band in 2008 with Erinn Swan, formerly of Nina May. Initially the bass player for the group, Newton has also toured as their drummer, guitarist and keyboardist after several line-up changes. Along with Swan, Newton was a primary songwriter for the group.

paragraph: Section::::Queen, it's a Kind of Magic.

paragraph: Queen, it's a Kind of Magic was the world's largest and most successful Queen tribute act. As a touring member of this group from 2009 to 2010 Newton performed hundreds of shows in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa, Hong Kong, Indonesia and Singapore. He also performed as a bass player for other shows produced by Showtime Entertainment during this time, including an ABBA show and a Hannah Montana / Miley Cyrus production.

paragraph: Section::::The Hangout.

paragraph: The Hangout are a Brisbane band that formed in 2013 and released two singles, "Amsterdam" and "Those Girls" later that year. Newton was a primary songwriter and performer for the band.

paragraph: Section::::Tourism.

paragraph: Tourism are an indie-rock back from Brisbane, Australia. Fronted by British ex-pat Jozef Wisniewski, they toured heavily around Australia from 2010 to 2014, releasing several singles including "City Never Sleeps" (produced by Steven Schram), "Run" (produced by Lewis Stephenson - Jungle Giants/The Belligerents), and "Supermodel" (Sean Cook - Yves Klein Blue/Big Scary). The band received generous airplay across Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Jared Porter.

paragraph: In 2015, Newton joined 2014 Toyota StarMaker winner Jared Porter for several key country music shows: CMC Rocks Festival, Country Summer (Sonoma County CA), and Music In The Mulga. Newton fulfills multiple roles for Porter: organ, keys, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass and synthesizer.

paragraph: Section::::Joe Vish.

paragraph: This project from Tourism frontman Josef Wisniewski was to release music in 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newton plays Fender basses and guitars, including a Tony Franklin Fretted P-Bass, American Deluxe Stratocasters and Squier BassVI models. He also plays a Roland VK-7 organ, Gibson SG and various Korg synthesizers.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: CareFactorZero EP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: CareFactorZero "So Sorry"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Repeat Offender "Red for you" EP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: Repeat Offender "To a modern love"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Repeat Offender "Black Hearts and Poison Girls"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: Repeat Offender "Archives"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: Nina May "Crazy/Insane" single

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: Streamer Bendy "Streamer Bendy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: Streamer Bendy "You're So Cool" single

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: Repeat Offender "Fame" EP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: The Hangout "Amsterdam" single

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: The Hangout "Those Girls" single

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Tourism "TOURISM" EP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Tourism "Supermodel" single

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Tourism "RUN" single

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: Joe Vish "Holy Roller" single

description: Bass player, Guitarist and songwriter

wikidata_label: Matty Newton

wikipedia_title: Matty Newton