text:
humanist
lawyer
Prague Castle
Utraquist
Chrudim
University of Prague
Prague Castle
Prague Castle
Prague Castle
plague
Lesser Town of Prague
Malá Strana
English common law
Kingdom of Bohemia
Emperor Ferdinand II
Battle of White Mountain
Twelve Tables
Roman law
Catholic Church
Hussite Wars
Roman law
Roman law
procedural law
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan
Peace of Kutná Hora
Czech language
humanism
Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic
Baroque period
National Revival
Všehrd Association of Czech Lawyers
Velvet Revolution
Czechoslovakia

categories: 16th-century Bohemian people,16th-century deaths from plague (disease),1460 births,Czech Protestants,Charles University in Prague alumni,Czech Renaissance humanists,People from Chrudim,Czech non-fiction writers,Czech lawyers,Philosophers of law,Czech humanists,1520 deaths

paragraph: Viktorin Kornel of Všehrdy

paragraph: Viktorin Kornel ze Všehrd (of Všehrdy) or simply Všehrd (1460-1520), was a Czech humanist and lawyer, working towards the end of the 15th century as Vice-scribe at the Land Court in the Prague Castle. He is famous for the most penetrating analysis of the Czech common law that he has put forward on some 460 pages under the title “On the Laws of the Czech Land Nine Books” („O právích země české knihy devatery“). He has also translated some Latin texts.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Viktorin Kornelius was born in 1460 in the burgher Utraquist (moderate Hussite) environment of the East-Bohemian town of Chrudim. Having graduated from the Faculty of Arts of the then Utraquist University of Prague, Všehrd gained a wider outlook and capacities of generalization - preconditions for asking, reflecting on as well as answering a number of questions the previous authors of law books from the ranks of nobility had not arrived at.

paragraph: After 1487 Všehrd held the Office of the Land Boards on the Prague Castle and from 1493 to 1497, during the vacant post of the slibe, he held the post of Vice-scribe at the Land Court in the Prague Castle. The Land Boards with rulings of the Land Court, which were to be burnt during the later great fire of Prague Castle in 1541, had decayed into a flimsy and bad state even before Všehrd's activities. Lawyers in the land routinely used the mere digests of rulings in the form of subject- or alphabetically ordered registers. These attitudes and Všehrd's recording of legal documents led to his dismissal from the Land Court in 1497. Nevertheless, in the course of his appointment he had managed to collect enough material to write his scholarly treatise. Having finished the treatise in 1501, he offered it to the public to be copied freely. He explicitly granted the results of his work for the defense of good and just people “so that they would be able to protect themselves against evil and wilful people.” Having lost his position, Všehrd successfully carried on his legal and financial practice.

paragraph: He died of plague on 21 September 1520 and is buried in historical Lesser Town of Prague, in the Romanesque-Gothic, church of John the Baptist (now Czechoslovak Hussite “”, Malá Strana.)

paragraph: Section::::Opus Magnum.

paragraph: Section::::Opus Magnum.:Assets of Czech Common Law.

paragraph: If, today, legal systems of European origin are usually divided into civil law originated in the framework of late Roman positive law with codified written principles and the English common law, giving precedential authority to prior court decisions, the latter practices were in older times not quite exclusive for England. Such systems dominated in the historic lands of the Kingdom of Bohemia as late as the beginnings of the Modern Age, and even longer in the then Polish and Hungarian lands. Common law was abolished by Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II only after the loss of national sovereignty in 1627 – some years after the fateful defeat in the Battle of White Mountain (1620).

paragraph: In a spirit similar to some English lawyers Všehrd extolled irretrievability of legal customs in which the experiences of past ages had been condensed, as Všehrd put it, “from ancestors and old Czechs arduously and dilligently found.” Všehrd realized that the stability and force of customs and traditions in this way served as a guarantee of liberty and a mighty barrier against intentional misuse of the law by the powerful. He warned against the most “baneful” enemies – those who would abuse the laws, who would like to change, modify and turn over the very laws “by which the land has been standing from the time immemorial.” The changes would mean “downfall of the good and in particular poor people, widows and orphans.” “If the laws of the land work in their steadiness and unvariability, the goings on for all people in general as well as for any person in particular are good. If the laws of the land change, the goings on are on the contrary bad for all as for any single individual.”

paragraph: Through his comparison of the Czech Land Boards with the Roman Twelve Tables the open-minded and freedom-loving as well as conservative Všehrd implied that Czech law is of no lower value than Roman law. His moderate legal relativism does not exclude possibility of a partial inspiration from abroad. To adopt principles from foreign legal systems is admittedly possible, but usually not suitable: what works well in one legal system often does not prove its worth in another. It is more rewarding simply to learn from foreign experiences and their comparisons. The canon law of the Catholic Church had after the Hussite Wars almost disappeared from awareness of the Czech people, but some elements of the Roman law had found a way into native practice. Všehrd complained that the lawyers who had been educated at foreign universities were trying to practice at the Land Court the rules that had not been accepted by the native law. Moreover, he was not satisfied with protracted and therefore costly lawsuits held according to the Roman law.

paragraph: Section::::Opus Magnum.:Vice-Scribe as an Impartial Observer.

paragraph: Všehrd tried to set himself free from his own interests, to defend general interests and to adopt the outlook of an impartial observer. From this perspective he could make an opinion on the damages the short-term and selfish aims of certain individuals or social classes had brought about to the whole society. On the other hand, if it seemed obvious to him, Všehrd reminded individuals or groups that they were harming their own interests and themselves in a long-time span. He called on those who were advancing unjustifiably to make agreement and reconciliation with their adversary. An incessant effort is needed to keep the justice. “The useful does not differ from the fair, but “one is indissolubly tied up with the other” and “all the evils begin with, yield, grow and carry out from their separation.” And Všehrd opposed the dictate of high nobility and its functional codification of the law.

paragraph: While the first three books of the work “On the Laws of the Czech Land Nine Books” deal roughly with what is nowadays called procedural law, the next three discuss substantive law to which a short supplement on execution is added. In the seventh book we find further and more detailed regulations on execution law. The eighth book deals with some publicly relevant legal documents and with administrative fees. Finally, the ninth book deals with confusions and inconsistencies in the application of law as well as with some reforms of legal order.

paragraph: Section::::Opus Magnum.:Columns of Power and Contract.

paragraph: With patent satisfaction, Všehrd understood the relationship between king and society in the Czech state as a social contract. The land itself elects the king, it is not purchased by him by any money and is subject to him only voluntarily: The king must make an oath to the land and is obliged to administer it “not as he would like to, but only along the age-old liberties and rights of the land.” The civil servants should remember “that they are not masters, but only servants of all community and all the people; for they take from the people their money and fees for their profession which is, as they often hear, their plough.” Even the Land Boards, let alone each office in general, is construed as service for the sake of all. Therefore, it is desirable that all “whose profession makes them to come to the Boards should be serving all people without shouting and discords about their needs, talking meekly as servants, not shouting as lords.”

paragraph: While John Locke tried to limit the executive power by the power legislative (and federative), Všehrd in his effort to maintain the balance of power did not count with any legislative assembly that would have legislative powers. The legal order of the land, in his understanding, had so far been and also should have been formed primarily and just by old customs and precedents. Only in special cases – as was the case of the then notorious who in 1496 had taken over the serfs and property of another squire – the judgment depended upon discretionary powers of judges. In addition to the king, equipped with some executive powers, the second Všehrd's column of power is so formed by the whole of old traditions, “liberties and rights” of the land itself. I.e. by assemblies (the Assembly or the Diet (Sněmovna) of the Land had until the 1620s the explicit power to choose and/or elect the king, to give consent to taxation and recruitment quotas), the above-mentioned legal order given primarily by the old customs and precedents, which should be transparent and familiar to the wider public, and finally by people's customs and habits in a wider sense.

paragraph: The contract between the land and the sovereign is in Všehrd obviously more equal than later in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan; position of the land is stronger and the sovereign is weaker. Všehrd’s sovereign is even not able, due to a lack of political power, to appoint his successors. Všehrd also appreciates peace, preferring negotiations to war, but unlike Hobbes, he almost does not use religious arguments. However, the Czech lands had by then already established religious toleration; in principle every single individual could choose their own religion by then. Even political groupings or proto-parties in the estates assemblies (after the 1485 Peace of Kutná Hora) used to be formed by different religious groups (and individual people could choose their confession in the Lands of the Czech Crown then).

paragraph: Section::::Opus Magnum.:Familiarity with Legal Customs.

paragraph: Všehrd tried to make especially lower and middle classes familiar with the law in order not to be neglected in their proceedings and needs. As many people as possible were to have a look into the law and operations of judiciary. Všehrd stressed equal inheritance rights for women, arguing by age-old foundation of native law. And in addition to that, he maintained, it is useful and entertaining to consider the laws of the land as it “is sharpening reason and hardening memory of those who often think about them.” That is why Všehrd approved of the substitution of Latin by the “natural” Czech language at the Land Boards and elsewhere in the land's judiciary in 1495. And he refused the steps common in that period towards making law more opaque and its application more difficult (e.g. the use of paper instead of the previous use of more durable parchment for recordings of judicial rulings; new crossings that made the previous text illegible; the hindering of free access to the Land Boards that had been accessible before to every single individual; or entries into the Land Boards without the respective parties being present, or even notified). So with his own overheads, Všehrd was in his leisure time and to his own disadvangage, helping people by enabling them to take care of themselves.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: Thanks to the Hussite reform movement Czech language was introduced to the official and legal agenda (and the Czech example strengthened the position of some other national languages in surrounding countries, especially Hungarian and rather indirectly also Romanian). Všehrd turned to his native language and was among initiators of the tradition of Czech national and reformational humanism. Later, he parted company with his friend, the noble and Catholic poet Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic (of Lobkovice), who wrote in Latin.

paragraph: Všehrd's work has survived Baroque period called by many a ´period of darkness´ (that at least in political and intellectual sense in the Czech lands) in handwritten copies. During the period of the National Revival in the 19th century the work served a role in the process of re-creation of the Czech legal terminology. The first book edition in 1841 was considerably curtailed by the Austrian Metternichian censorship, that was not satisfied even with those compromises Všehrd had had to make some 340 years earlier. The second and the till-date last edition, that was published in 1874, is nowadays almost out of reach.

paragraph: Všehrd's name was in 1868 taken over by Czech law students. Their organization, “Všehrd Association of Czech Lawyers”, renewed after “1989 Velvet Revolution“ in Czechoslovakia, has been working up to now.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Viktorina ze Všehrd – O právích země české knihy devatery; vydání nové, kteréž upravil a přídavky opatřil Dr. Hermenegild Jireček, v Praze nákladem spolku českých právníků „Všehrd“ 1874; Book digitized by Google from the library of Oxford University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 2, Heading: Czech Republic, Philosophy in, Josef Zumr (p. 763-769), p. 765:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Czech quotations from Všehrd's work can be found in the article Zdeněk Zacpal - Viktorin Kornelius ze Všehrd: Užitečné se neliší od slušného (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir William Blackstone – Commentaries on the Laws of England, Volume I, Containing Books of I and II, Edited by William Carey Jones, Edition de Luxe, Bancroft-Whitney Company, San Francisco, 1916 [the lectures got its form in 1753-1765]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Euan Cameron – Dissent and Heresy (p. 3-21); in: A Companion to the Reformation World, Edited by R. Po-chia Hsia (Blackwell Companions to European History), Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2004).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kolektiv pod vedením Petra Čorneje – Kdy, kde, proč & jak se to stalo v českých dějinách, Praha, Reader's Digest Výběr, Praha, 2001,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zdeněk David – Finding the Middle Way: The Utraquists' Liberal Challenge to Rome and Luther, Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, and Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. Pp. 579.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Goll – Chelčický a Jednota Bratrská v XV. století, Historický klub Klementinum, Praha, 1916

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rick Fawn, Jiří Hochman – Historical Dictionary of the Czech State, Scarecrow Press, Plymouth, 2010, UK,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Hobbes – Leviathan; Revised Student Edition, Edited by Richard Tuck, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought, Cambridge University Press (1996) 2000, hardback

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petr Hora - Toulky českou minulostí III, Baronet, , Praha, 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jiří Kejř – Husité, Panorama, Praha, 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Amos Komenský [Comenius] – Historie o těžkých protivenstvích církve české [1632]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Lobban – A History of the Philosophy of Law in the Common Law World, 1600-1900, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Locke – Second Treatise of Government, Edited, with an Introduction, by C. B. Macpherson, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, 1980, (pbk.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karel Malý – Obyčej – nález – zákon v právu doby předbělohorské, Právnická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave (Slovakia), 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. Polin – La force et son emploi dans la politique de Hobbes (p. 3-22); in:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Hobbes – Critical Assessments, Edited by Preston King, Volume III – Politics and Law, Routledge, London and New York, 1993,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Právněhistorické studie VII se souborem prací k 500. výročí narození M. Viktorina Cornelia ze Všehrd, Nakladatelství Československé akademie věd, Praha 1961:

paragraph: BULLET::::- p. 53-57: Václav Vaněček - Historická role právnického díla mistra Viktorina Cornelia ze Všehrd

paragraph: BULLET::::- p. 59-76: J. B. Čapek – Místo Všehrdovo ve vývoji českého a evropského humanismu

paragraph: BULLET::::- p. 77-129: František Čáda – Všehrdovo právnické dílo v dochovaných rukopisech

paragraph: BULLET::::- p. 131-146: Jiří Veselý – Všehrd při práci (K otázce pramenů Všehrdova díla)

paragraph: BULLET::::- p. 147-199: Miroslav Boháček – Římské a kanonické právo v díle Všehrdově

paragraph: BULLET::::- p. 201-231: Jiří Klabouch – Všehrdovy teoretické představy o právu a jeho sociálně politická stanoviska

paragraph: BULLET::::- p. 257-273: Valentin Urfus – Všehrdovo pojetí majetkoprávních vztahů zemského práva českého

paragraph: BULLET::::- Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Volume 2 (1998), , Heading: Czech Republic, Philosophy in, Josef Zumr (p. 763-769)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karel Schelle – Právní dějiny, Aleš Čeněk, s.r.o., Plzeň, 2007,

description: Czech lawyer and writer

wikidata_label: Viktorin Kornel ze Všehrd

wikipedia_title: Viktorin Kornel of Všehrdy


text:
Modena
Italian
record producer
singer
bassist
actress
Sanremo Festival
Nessuno mi può giudicare
Adriano Celentano
gold disc
David McWilliams
Sugar Music
Andrea Bocelli
record label

categories: Italian female singers,Living people,People from the Province of Modena,1946 births,Italian women record producers,Italian record producers

paragraph: Caterina Caselli

paragraph: Caterina Caselli (born 10 April 1946 in Modena) is an Italian record producer and former singer, bassist and actress.

paragraph: In 1966 she debuted in the Sanremo Festival with "Nessuno mi può giudicare", a song discarded by Adriano Celentano, scoring a notable success. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Caselli also had considerable success with an Italian cover of the David McWilliams song "Days of Pearly Spencer" called "Il Volto Della Vita".

paragraph: She is also the president of Sugar Music, Andrea Bocelli's record label, since she discovered him in 1992.

description: Italian singer and record producer

wikidata_label: Caterina Caselli

wikipedia_title: Caterina Caselli


text:
footballer
left back
left defensive midfielder
Ufa
Triglav Kranj
Gorica
2005–06 campaign
Ligue 1
Sochaux
Le Mans
Chievo
La Liga
Villarreal
Real Betis
Championship
Nottingham Forest
FA Cup
Queens Park Rangers
Russian Premier League
FC Ufa
NK Domžale
UEFA Europa League
Slovenia national football team
Cyprus
Qatar
2010 FIFA World Cup
Slovenian PrvaLiga
2005–06
2006–07
Slovenian international players
NZS profile

categories: FC Ufa players,Ligue 1 players,Slovenia youth international footballers,FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players,Slovenia under-21 international footballers,English Football League players,Villarreal CF players,1986 births,A.C. ChievoVerona players,Russian Premier League players,Expatriate footballers in England,Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Russia,2010 FIFA World Cup players,Association football fullbacks,NK Triglav Kranj players,Slovenian footballers,Slovenian expatriate footballers,Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Italy,Sportspeople from Kranj,Slovenian PrvaLiga players,La Liga players,Expatriate footballers in France,Expatriate footballers in Spain,Nottingham Forest F.C. players,ND Gorica players,Living people,Serie A players,Expatriate footballers in Italy,Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Spain,Expatriate footballers in Russia,Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in France,Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in England

paragraph: Bojan Jokić

paragraph: Bojan Jokić (born 17 May 1986) is a Slovenian professional footballer who plays as a left back or left defensive midfielder for Ufa.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Jokić made his senior debut in 2003 with local club Triglav Kranj, and moved to Gorica in 2005. He appeared regularly for the side during his two-year spell, also being a part of the squad which was crowned champions in the 2005–06 campaign.

paragraph: On 5 July 2007 Jokić moved abroad for the first time in his career, after agreeing to a four-year deal with Ligue 1's Sochaux. He made his debut in the competition on 11 August, starting in a 1–3 home loss against Le Mans.

paragraph: On 30 January 2010 Jokić joined Chievo on loan until June. On 22 May, after appearing regularly, he joined the "Gialloblu" permanently.

paragraph: On 5 July 2013 Jokić moved to La Liga side Villarreal, signing a four-year deal with the club, after his link with Chievo expired. He made his debut in the competition on 29 September, starting in a 0–1 loss at Real Betis.

paragraph: On 8 January 2016, Jokić moved to Championship side Nottingham Forest on loan for the remainder of the 2015–16 season. He made his debut on 9 January, as a substitute in the FA Cup Third Round victory over Queens Park Rangers.

paragraph: On 21 January 2017, Jokić signed a one-and-a-half-year contract with the Russian Premier League side FC Ufa. On 2 August 2018, he scored a late equalizer that made the score 1–1 against the Slovenian club NK Domžale in an away leg of their UEFA Europa League qualifier. As the first leg ended with a score of 0–0, this goal allowed Ufa to advance on away goals rule. It was also the club's first goal in European competition, as they were making their debut on that level.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Jokić made his international debut with the Slovenia national football team on 28 December 2006, in a 1–0 win against Cyprus. He featured regularly for the national side, and scored his first international goal on 3 March 2010, scoring the last of a 4–1 routing over Qatar.

paragraph: On 1 June 2010 Jokić was named among the 23-man squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. He appeared in all three matches during the tournament, as Slovenia were knocked out in the group stage.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Gorica.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Slovenian PrvaLiga: 2005–06

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runner-up: 2006–07

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Slovenian international players

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NZS profile

description: Slovenian footballer

wikidata_label: Bojan Jokić

wikipedia_title: Bojan Jokić


text:
drummer
Spirit of the West
Odds
Doug Elliott
Steven Drake
Long John Baldry
Paul Hyde
Sue Medley
Mae Moore
Great Big Sea
Doug and the Slugs
Spirit of the West
session drummer
That's Amore
greatest hits
Hit Parade
Vancouver Island
Vince R. Ditrich: Official site
Vince Ditrich Profile

categories: Musicians from British Columbia,1963 births,Canadian session musicians,Canadian folk rock musicians,Canadian rock drummers,Spirit of the West members,Canadian male drummers,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Vince Ditrich

paragraph: Vince Richard Ditrich (born April 4, 1963) is a Canadian rock musician, best known as the drummer and manager of the band Spirit of the West.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ditrich grew up in Lethbridge, Alberta. He began playing drums as a child, and performed in his father's local band as a teenager.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Ditrich played drums with a variety of musicians, including pre-Odds bands with Doug Elliott and Steven Drake, Long John Baldry, and Paul Hyde. He went on tour in western Canada with Sue Medley in 1990, and also played with Mae Moore, Great Big Sea and Doug and the Slugs.

paragraph: In late 1989, he joined Spirit of the West, and performed on their 1991 album "Go Figure". He has been a member of that band ever since. In 2001 Ditrich became the band's manager as well. He has also continued to record with other musicians as a session drummer, and released a solo album in 2002.

paragraph: Spirit of the West frequently perform a rendition of "That's Amore" in concert, with Ditrich on lead vocals. Except for a live recording of that song on the band's 1999 greatest hits compilation "Hit Parade", however, Ditrich does not normally perform lead vocals on the band's albums.

paragraph: In 2005 Ditrich took on a management role for the bluegrass band House of Doc.

paragraph: In 2010 Ditrich performed as part of the musical accompaniment for an original play, "Debt the Musical", in British Columbia. In 2011 he produced part of Calum Hughes' album "And That's Okay With Me" at the Vancouver studio The Warehouse.

paragraph: Until its disbandment in 2016, Ditrich continued to be the manager for Spirit of the West. By this time he had been suffering from kidney failure for several years, and missed some of the final performances.

paragraph: Ditrich lived in Vancouver until 1993, but after the birth of his first son, he moved to Vancouver Island and still lives there with his wife, Marion, and their two sons.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Supertonic" (2002)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vince R. Ditrich: Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vince Ditrich Profile

description: Canadian musician

wikidata_label: Vince Ditrich

wikipedia_title: Vince Ditrich


text:
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
West Bengal
Politburo
Kolkata
Narayanganj District
Bangladesh
joint family
Loreto School
Dharmatala
Kolkata
St. Xavier's School
Presidency College
University of Calcutta
Communist Party of Great Britain
Harold Laski
London School of Economics
Bengali
Middle Temple
Barrister
pro bono
Indian custom
Congress-led
bhadralok
students
Indian independence
Jawaharlal Nehru
Subhas Chandra Bose
Labour Party
Communist Party of Great Britain
Bhupesh Gupta
Harry Pollitt
Calcutta High Court
All India Railwaymen's Federation
Tenali
Chinese Communist
Mao Zedong
Bidhan Chandra Roy
Communist Party of India
Ajoy Mukherjee
Baranagar
Shiba Pada Bhattacharjee
Pawan Kumar Chamling
Naxal
Marichjhapi incident
Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
Prime Minister of India
Janata Dal
Pawan Kumar Chamling
Prakash Karat
pneumonia
Pratibha Patil
Manmohan Singh
Lok Sabha
Somnath Chatterjee
Pranab Mukherjee
Bharatiya Janata Party
Arun Jaitley
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
P. Chidambaram
guard of honour
List of Kolkata Presidencians

wikipedia_title:
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
West Bengal
Politburo
Kolkata
Narayanganj District
Bangladesh
Extended family
Loreto Schools, Kolkata
Dharmatala
Kolkata
St. Xavier's Collegiate School
Presidency University, Kolkata
University of Calcutta
Communist Party of Great Britain
Harold Laski
London School of Economics
Bengalis
Middle Temple
Barrister
Pro bono
Hindu joint family
Indian National Congress
Bhadralok
International student
Indian independence movement
Jawaharlal Nehru
Subhas Chandra Bose
Labour Party (UK)
Communist Party of Great Britain
Bhupesh Gupta
Harry Pollitt
Calcutta High Court
All India Railwaymen's Federation
Tenali
Communist Party of China
Mao Zedong
Bidhan Chandra Roy
Communist Party of India
Ajoy Mukherjee
Baranagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
Shiba Pada Bhattacharjee
Pawan Kumar Chamling
Naxalite
Marichjhapi incident
Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
Prime Minister of India
Janata Dal
Pawan Kumar Chamling
Prakash Karat
Pneumonia
Pratibha Patil
Manmohan Singh
Lok Sabha
Somnath Chatterjee
Pranab Mukherjee
Bharatiya Janata Party
Arun Jaitley
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
P. Chidambaram
Guard of honour
List of Kolkata Presidencians

categories: Indian atheists,Deputy chief ministers of West Bengal,University of Calcutta alumni,Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal,2010 deaths,Chief Ministers of West Bengal,Presidency University, Kolkata alumni,Chief ministers from Communist Party of India (Marxist),Deaths from multiple organ failure,Leaders of the Opposition in West Bengal,Politicians from Kolkata,1914 births,Indian communists,Body donors,Bengali communists,Bengali politicians

paragraph: Jyoti Basu

paragraph: Jyotirindra Basu (8 July 1914 – 17 January 2010); known as Jyoti Basu was an Indian Marxist ideologue, theorist and statesman belonging to the Communist Party of India (Marxist) from West Bengal, India. He served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal state from 1977 to 2000. Basu was a member of the CPI(M) Politburo from the time of the party's founding (The CPI(M) was formed at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of India held in Calcutta from 31 October to 7 November 1964) in 1964 until 2008. From 2008 until his death in 2010 he remained a permanent invitee to the central committee of the party.

paragraph: Section::::Birth and education.

paragraph: Jyotirindra Basu was born 8 July 1914 at 43/1 Harrison Road (now Mahatma Gandhi Road) in Kolkata (then known as Calcutta) into a very affluent kayastha family. His father, Nishikanta Basu, was a doctor settled in Kolkata who hailed from the village of Barudi in Narayanganj District, East Bengal (Bangladesh), while his mother Hemalata Basu was a housewife. Basu grew up in a large Indian-style joint family, consisting of his parents, siblings, paternal uncles, their wives and children. The family, who had lived in a rented house in Kolkata in addition to retaining ancestral properties East Bengal, purchased a spacious mansion at 55-A, Hindustan road in 1920, and this is where Basu grew up.

paragraph: Basu's schooling started at Loreto School at Dharmatala in Kolkata in 1920, and he was moved in 1925 to St. Xavier's School. While admitting him to school, Basu's father shortened his name from Jyotirindra Basu to Jyoti Basu, and the shortened name stuck for life. After completing school, Basu took an undergraduate degree in English literature honours from Presidency College, University of Calcutta.

paragraph: After completing his undergraduate studies, Basu left for England to study law in 1935. In England, he was introduced to politics and became greatly influenced by the Communist Party of Great Britain. He attended lectures by Harold Laski at the London School of Economics and was also influenced by noted Communist ideologue and prolific writer Rajani Palme Dutt, a fellow Bengali. Between 1936 and 1940, Basu involved himself in various political activities, came into contact with several Indian freedom fighters including Nehru, became a member of the India league, and joined the London Majlis. Basu completed his studies in 1939 and was invited to the Middle Temple as a Barrister in 1939. Shortly afterwards, he returned to India by sea, docking at Mumbai and travelling from there to Kolkata by train.

paragraph: Section::::Return to India and marriage.

paragraph: Basu reached Kolkata and was reunited with his parents on January 1, 1940. While he was in London, his parents had selected a suitable bride for him and informed him of their choice. Like a normal Indian boy of his generation, Basu had replied that if the girl was acceptable to his parents, she was acceptable to him. The two sets of parents had then made arrangements for the wedding, and on Jan 20, 1940, only nineteen days after his return to India, Basu was married to Basanti Devi (née Ghose, fondly known as 'Chobi'), a girl of his own caste and similar family background. Unfortunately, Basanti died in 1942, hardly two years after the wedding, and there were no surviving children. Basu's mother, Hemalata Devi, also died a few months later, in 1942.

paragraph: After returning to India, Basu had become an active member of the Communist Party, to his father's chagrin. After Basanti's death, he deepened his involvement, virtually giving up the pretense of earning a living as a lawyer. His legal practice was mostly about providing legal services "pro bono" to the party and its affiliates, in particular to trade unions. He lived as always with his father and extended family (as per Indian custom) and thus had little need to earn a living. As a young barrister studying in England, he had been a prize catch for any family with a marriageable daughter, but the situation was altered now, and proposals were not plentiful. Several years passed, and Basu's father and other family members grew anxious to see him settled again. In time, they arranged for him to marry another suitable girl of their caste and background. This was Kamala, who Basu married on Dec 5, 1948. The marriage, which conformed in every way to Indian tradition and convention, was harmonious and lasted until their deaths more than sixty years later. On Aug 31, 1951, the couple became the parents of a daughter, born at Sishumangal Hospital in Kolkata. Tragically, the unnamed baby died only a few days later of diarrhoea and dehydration. In 1952, the couple were blessed with the birth of a son, Subhabrata Basu, fondly known as 'Chandan' by one and all. Chandan, who was to be the couple's only surviving child, was born while Basu was in prison for allegedly seditious activities, having been incarcerated by the Congress-led government of independent India.

paragraph: Shortly after Chandan was born, Basu's father, Nishikant Basu, wrote a will which disinherited Basu entirely and vested all his property, a considerable fortune which included the massive mansion in Kokata, in the name of his daughter-in-law Kamala, with provision that the property be inherited by Chandan eventually. The elderly "bhadralok" patrician had been aghast, even distraught, to find that his beloved son had returned from England a communist, and that he had developed over the next decade (the 1940s) into a violent revolutionary. Basu was to say later that the arrangement suited him perfectly, that indeed it had been devised in consultation with him; it ensured that Kamala was always able to feed the family and pay for her son's education, which left Basu free from the tension of having to provide for his wife and son, and enabled him to pursue his political activities.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Entry into politics.

paragraph: Jyoti Basu's first track in politics was his effort to organise the Indian students studying in United Kingdom, mostly for the cause of Indian independence. Basu subsequently joined India League and London Majlis, both the organisations being communities of overseas Indian students. Basu was later elected the General Secretary of London Majlish. Basu was given the responsibility for arranging a meeting with Jawaharlal Nehru during Nehru's visit to London in 1938. The same was done after Subhas Chandra Bose went to England. As a member of London Majlis, Basu introduced the visiting Indian political figures to the leaders of the Labour Party.

paragraph: Basu was introduced to the Communist Party of Great Britain by another communist leader and Basu's friend in England, Bhupesh Gupta. It is told Basu showed interest to join CPGB but the then Secretary General Harry Pollitt suggested that he should not do so, possibly because CPGB was then banned in India and Pollitt speculated Basu could have difficulties in returning to India as a member of CPGB.

paragraph: However Basu returned to India in 1940 and immediately contacted the Party leaders. Though he enrolled himself as a barrister in Calcutta High Court, he never practised simply because he was determined to become a wholetimer of the Party.

paragraph: Basu became the secretary of Friends of Soviet Union and Anti-Fascist Writers' Association in Kolkata. As a member of the Party, his initial task was to maintain liaison with underground Party leaders. He was entrusted with responsibilities on the trade union front from 1944. In that year, Bengal Assam Railroad Workers' Union was formed and Basu became its first secretary. In 1944 Basu became involved in trade union activities when CPI delegated him to work amongst the railway labourers. When B.N. Railway Workers Union and B.D. Rail Road Workers Union merged, Basu became the general secretary of the union. In 1946, Basu was elected to the Bengal Provincial Assembly from the Railway Workers constituency. Ratanlal Bramhan and Rupnarayan Roy were the other two Communists who were elected. From that day on, Basu became one of the most popular and influential legislators for decades to come.

paragraph: Basu played a very active role in the stormy days of 1946–47 when Bengal witnessed the Tebhaga movement, workers strikes and even communal riots.

paragraph: In the late 1940s, Basu served as the Vice-President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation until Communists were expelled from the union for attempt to organize strikes after the union had withdrawn its strike notice.

paragraph: Jyoti Basu was the secretary of the West Bengal Provincial Committee of the Party from 1953 to January 1961. He was elected to the Central Committee of the Party in 1951. He was a member of the Politburo from 1964 onwards. He was elected as a special invitee to PB in 19th Congress of the Party in 2008.

paragraph: After the country gained independence, he was elected to the assembly from Baranagar in 1952. He was elected to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly in 1952, 1957, 1962, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1991 and 1996. Though an elected member, Basu was arrested several times during the 1950s and 60s and for certain periods he went underground to evade arrest by the police.

paragraph: In 1962, Jyoti Basu was one amongst the 32 members of the National Council who walked out of the meeting. When the CPI(M) was formed in 1964 as a result of the ideological struggle within the Communist movement, Basu became a member of the Politburo. He was, in fact, the last surviving member of the "Navaratnas", the nine members of the first Politburo. The leftist section, to which the 32 National Council members belonged, organised a convention in Tenali, Andhra Pradesh 7 to 11 July. It was here where the radical sections of party further showed their pro-Chinese stand. The Tenali convention was marked by the display of a large portrait of the Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Later political career.

paragraph: Basu was elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly in 1946, contesting the Railway constituency. He served as the Leader of Opposition for a long time when Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy was the Chief Minister of West Bengal. Jyoti Basu led a number of agitations against the State Government and earned enviable popularity as a politician particularly among the students and youth. Beside organising the movements of the Railway Labourers, he led a movement by the teachers demanding a hike in salary. When the Communist Party of India split in 1964, Basu became one of the first nine members of the Politburo of the newly formed Communist Party of India (Marxist). In 1967 and 1969, Basu became Deputy Chief Minister of West Bengal in the United Front governments. In 1967, after the defeat of the Congress Government, Jyoti Basu was sworn-in as the Deputy Chief Minister under the Chief Ministership of Ajoy Mukherjee. In 1970, he narrowly escaped an assassination attempt at the Patna railway station. Though CPI(M) became the single largest party in the assembly elections in 1971, the party was refused the chance to form a ministry and presidents' Rule was imposed in West Bengal.

paragraph: Through the 1972 elections the Congress returned to power in West Bengal and Jyoti Basu lost the elections from Baranagar to Shiba Pada Bhattacharjee who used to campaign for Basu in Baranagar in earlier elections when the Communist party was united. . Basu famously declared the new assembly as "assembly of the frauds" and CPI(M) boycotted the assembly for the next five years.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:As the Chief Minister of West Bengal.

paragraph: After the sweeping victory of the Left Front in 1977, Jyoti Basu became the Chief Minister of the Left Front government, a position he held continuously for a record more than 23 years, until broken by Pawan Kumar Chamling. Under his leadership, the Left Front government focused on land reforms in the state; it instituted a "panchayati raj system" giving poor peasants and small farmers a say in running the panchayati institutions. The land reforms gave farmers a say on their lands, the agricultural output increased although not as much as expected initially, due to the fact that everyone was a land owner with nobody to sell/supply to, just enough means for self survival.

paragraph: While it was part of fulfilling his electoral agenda, it remained as the only thing worth remembering done by Basu in West Bengal, and that too is not without any critics. Although he is largely remembered as an extremely able administrator who didn't allow any riots in his state after the assassination of the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and in 1984 and during the demolition of babri masjid in 1992, while the whole country was on the boil, his excessive pro-people stance resulted in an economic and administrative nightmare. The socialist and populist moves garbed under state sponsored reforms gave way to occurrence of host of factors that resulted into economic nosedive of the state, increased labour militancy driving industries out of the state leaving the state high and dry on resources to thrive. Numerous reports of violence by labours across industries and factories were reported that drove industrialists out. Few prominent indrustrialists pleaded to Jyoti Basu and his administration, but were let down by the response that anyways pinned the blame back on them; Frustrated, the indrustrialists moved out. This emigration of industries gradually led to an increase in unemployment that further became a chief cause of Naxal movement, which ended up being one of the most challenging internal security problems India still deals with.

paragraph: Elections were hijacked, the CPIM workers ran rioting across anyone who opposed them or their stances, one such instance at very beginning of their rule, resulted in an infamous Marichjhapi incident that led to death of more than 1700 Bangladeshi Hindu immigrants and destruction of properties and goods related to them.

paragraph: While the GDP of state registered marginal hike, it could feel the wholesale destruction of the state’s manufacturing sector, where labour militancy, aided and abetted by the state government, took its toll. The share of West Bengal in the total value of industrial output in India declined from 9.8% in 1980-81 to 5% in 1997-98. br

paragraph: Amusingly, the same land reforms which made Basu and left parties overnightly popular amongst villagers and other land owners making them believe that their land was safe and no one could forcibly evict them from it, were undone by then CM Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee to cater the increasing need of industrialization and enforce economic activity in a state that had all its opportunities and resources drained with uncalled for pushing down the socialist policies and reforms at false pretext of aiding the voiceless.

paragraph: Other than labour militancy related violences, electoral booth capturings and Naxali movement getting fuelled in full steam, state remained largely uneventful. In 1996 Jyoti Basu seemed all set to be the consensus leader of the United Front for the post of Prime Minister of India. However, the CPI(M) Politburo decided not to participate in the government, a decision that Jyoti Basu later termed a "historic blunder". H.D. Deve Gowda from the Janata Dal instead became prime minister. Basu resigned from the Chief Ministership of West Bengal in 2000 for health reasons, and was succeeded by fellow CPI(M) politician Buddhadeb Bhattacharya. At present, Basu remains as the second longest-serving Chief Minister in Indian political history serving for 23 years 4 months and 17 days behind Sikkim's ex CM Pawan Kumar Chamling.

paragraph: The 18th congress of CPI(M), held in Delhi in 2005, re-elected Basu to its Politburo, although he had asked to be allowed to retire from it. On 13 September 2006, Basu entreated the CPI(M) to allow his retirement due to his age, but was turned down. General secretary Prakash Karat said that the party wanted Basu to continue until its 2008 congress, at which point it would reconsider. At the 19th congress in early April 2008, Basu was not included on the Politburo, although he remained a member of the Central Committee and was designated as Special Invitee to the Politburo.

paragraph: In the course of seven decades of work in the Communist party, Basu spent three and a half years in prison and two years underground.

paragraph: After the fall of the Soviet Union and the setbacks to socialism, he provided the leadership along with his colleagues in the Politburo to make a reappraisal of the experience of building socialism and to pinpoint the errors and to correct wrong notions and understandings while remaining true to Marxism–Leninism. He was a Marxist who was not dogmatic and continued to learn from his vast experience in charting out the course for the Party.

paragraph: However, his claims of practicing and implementing Marxism-Leninism turned out to be merely a hogwash, as under his protege, his son Chandan Basu established a multi-crore empire that grew exponentially while Jyoti Basu was the CM and when CPIM retained the governance of West Bengal. This "preaching-socialism-while-practicing-capitalism" model further dived to another level when the empire set by Chandan Basu was embroiled in legal challenges, namely Housing Board Scam and a excise related scam , adding to the list of ridicules for the communist party and becoming one of the key factors that led to its departure from governance.

paragraph: He emerged as the pre-eminent and most popular leader of the Party, but he always worked as a disciplined member of the Party, setting an example for all. In his long career in the Party, he undertook various responsibilities including being the first editor of People's Democracy. He had a lifelong association with the trade union movement and was the Vice-President of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions since its inception in 1970.

paragraph: Some commentators feel Basu was more of a democratic socialist than a traditional Communist. "He made Communism look respectable," according to Sabyasachi Basu Roy Choudhuri, a Calcutta-based political analyst.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On 1 January 2010, Basu was admitted to AMRI hospital (Bidhannagar, Kolkata) after he was diagnosed with pneumonia. On 16 January 2010, his health condition became extremely critical and he was suffering from multiple organ failure. Seventeen days after being taken ill, he died on 17 January 2010 at 11:47 am IST.

paragraph: The death was followed by public mourning on an unprecedented scale. Draped in the national flag, Basu's body was escorted through the streets of Calcutta on a gun carriage. However, the time schedule went awry in his last moments as lakhs of people thronged the streets of central Kolkata to pay their last respects. Police and volunteers wore a helpless look as a sea of people poured in from every possible corner of the city.

paragraph: The Army escorted the cortege from the State Assembly to the Maidan through Red Road . At MoharKunj, arrangements for the state Funeral had been made. The army buglers performed the last post as twenty one Gurkha troops fired a 21 volley rifle salute. A day of Mourning was declared nationwide as President Pratibha Patil and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh led the nation in mourning.

paragraph: Tributes poured in from politicians across the country. While Patil said "the nation has lost a veteran and eminent public figure," Manmohan Singh said Basu was a politician to whom he often turned for "sagacious advice". Basu was a leader "who displayed his abilities as a leader of the people, an able administrator and eminent statesman", the president said in a statement. "In the years after he relinquished the Chief Ministry, he continued to be looked upon as an elder statesman, whose advice was sought by many political leaders in the state," the president added.

paragraph: In a message to Jyoti Basu's son Chandan, Manmohan Singh said: "He was a powerful regional voice in the national political scene and helped to strengthen Indian federalism... He was a man of great integrity with a deep commitment to secular values." He added:"I have personally had a very long association with Basu. On many occasions in my career, I turned to him for his sagacious advice on all matters, whether they related to West Bengal or to issues of national importance". Vice President Hamid Ansari said Basu had left behind a void that would be difficult to fill. "His sagacity and leadership at both the state and the national level have been a source of inspiration and guidance," Ansari said in a statement.

paragraph: The Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M) that Basu led for several years expressed "profound grief", saying he was a Marxist who was not dogmatic. "Jyoti Basu was a Marxist who never wavered in his convictions. He was a Marxist who was not dogmatic and continued to learn from his vast experience in charting out the course for the party," the CPI-M politburo said. "There will be none like Jyoti Basu again," was how CPI-M general secretary Prakash Karat saluted a man he had prevented from becoming the prime minister in 1996. Karat, who influenced the CPI-M to block Basu from taking charge of the United Front government in 1996, said that the former West Bengal chief minister "was a great leader of the CPI-M, the Left movement and India. With his passing away, an era has passed". Communist Party of India (CPI) leader D. Raja paid glowing tributes to the Marxist patriarch, saying he could have proved to be a great prime minister. "He (Basu) proved that the coalition of Left parties would work successfully and serve the people greatly. He could have proved to be a great prime minister also," Raja said.

paragraph: Former Lok Sabha speaker and Communist leader Somnath Chatterjee said he had lost someone like his father. "When things started to go bad (in Left front), he was sad. He was sad about what happened with me. I used to consult him on all matters. For the second time, I have lost somebody like my father," said an emotional Chatterjee.

paragraph: Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee said he would miss a well-wisher. "In his death, I have lost a great well-wisher, and the country has lost an able administrator, an outstanding parliamentarian and a charismatic political leader," Mukherjee told reporters.

paragraph: The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the staunchest anti-Communist force in the country, mourned the death of the Marxist leader, describing him as a "role model for Indian politics". In a moving tribute, senior BJP leader Arun Jaitley told reporters here that Basu, who was West Bengal's chief minister for 23 long years, was one of the "tallest leaders" in Indian politics with "high credibility". "He was devoted to his ideology and played the longest innings in Indian politics," Jaitley said. Former prime minister and senior BJP leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee said Basu's demise had "ended a chapter in the country's politics".

paragraph: Home Minister P. Chidambaram told reporters in Kolkata: "He was a colossus who straddled India's political scene for many decades. Not only the leader of West Bengal, but of India. He was a great patriot, great democrat, great parliamentarian and great source of inspiration. He served the people of India to the best." he said.

paragraph: Basu had pledged to donate his body and eyes for medical research on 4 April 2003 at a function organised by Ganadarpan and Susrut Eye Foundation in Kolkata and not to be burned at a crematorium. His eyes are donated to Susrut Eye Foundation. He is survived by his son Chandan, daughter-in-law Rakhi, grand daughters Payel (Mallika Basu), Doyel (Bithika Basu) and Koyel (Juthika Basu), offspring of his first daughter-in-law Dolly (separated with son Chandan in 1998), and grand son Subhojyoti, offspring of daughter-in-law Rakhi. His second wife Kamala Basu had died on 1 October 2003. Basu's body was kept at 'Peace Haven' for those who wanted to pay their respects. His body was handed over to SSKM Hospital, Kolkata for research on 19 January 2010 around 16:50 pm IST after a guard of honour at the nearby Moharkunja park (formerly, citizens' park). The hospital authority is considering preserving his brain.

paragraph: The Trinamool Congress-run government has decided not to rename Rajarhat New Town after Jyoti Basu. The renaming proposal was a part of the New Town Kolkata Development Authority (Amendment) Bill, 2010, passed in the assembly during the Left Front regime. A programme was even held at Rajarhat in October 2010 on the township's renaming.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: List of Kolkata Presidencians

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jyoti Basu website

paragraph: BULLET::::- A 1992 interview with Jyoti Basu, particularly about how he became a Communist

description: Indian politician

wikidata_label: Jyoti Basu

wikipedia_title: Jyoti Basu


text: Balthus

text: Pierre Klossowski

text: Rainer Maria Rilke

text: Breslau

text: Germany

text: Wrocław

text: Poland

text: cantor

text: Korelichi

text: Novogrudok district

text: Minsk Governorate

text: White Stork Synagogue

text: art historian

text: Erich Klossowski

text: Paris

text: World War I

text: Switzerland

text: Berlin

text: Bohemia

text: Austrian

text: Rainer Maria Rilke

text: depression

text: World War I

text: leukemia

text: Duino Elegies

text: Sonnets to Orpheus

text: Klossowska's 1925 sketch of Rilke

text: Eugen Spiro's portrait of his sister

categories: Polish Jews,French Jews,1886 births,People from the Province of Silesia,People from Wrocław,Polish women artists,1969 deaths,Jewish painters,French people of Polish-Jewish descent,Polish emigrants to France,20th-century Polish painters,20th-century French painters

paragraph: Baladine Klossowska

paragraph: Baladine Klossowska or Kłossowska (born in 1886 as Elisabeth Dorothea Spiro, died in 1969) was a European painter. She was the mother of the artist Balthus and the writer Pierre Klossowski, and the last lover of the poet Rainer Maria Rilke.

paragraph: She was born Elisabeth Dorothea Spiro in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), to a Jewish family; her father, Abraham Beer Spiro, was a cantor, who moved his family from Korelichi in Novogrudok district of Minsk Governorate to Breslau in 1873. In Breslau, he was appointed a Chief cantor of the White Stork Synagogue – one of the two main synagogues of the city.

paragraph: She married the painter and art historian Erich Klossowski; the couple moved to Paris, where their sons were born — Pierre in 1905 and Balthasar in 1908. Elisabeth Spiro Klossowski pursued her own artistic career under the name Baladine Klossowska; she preferred life in France and lived there through much of her later life.

paragraph: The Klossowskis were forced to leave France in 1914, at the start of World War I, due to their German passports. The couple separated permanently in 1917; Klossowska took her sons to Switzerland. They moved to Berlin in 1921 due to financial pressures. Mother and sons returned to Paris in 1924, where the three lived a materially marginal existence, often dependent upon help from friends and relations.

paragraph: Klossowska met Bohemian-Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926) in 1919. At the time, Rilke was emerging from a severe depression that had limited his writing to uncollected poems, and a large number of letters, for several years during and after World War I. The two had an intense but episodic romantic relationship that lasted until Rilke's death from leukemia in 1926.

paragraph: Klossowska helped Rilke establish his residence in Switzerland, and proved a stabilizing force - in spite of the intensity of their own relationship - during a period when Rilke sought stability above all. Her sons developed close relationships with Rilke, and Balthasar published his first book of watercolors about a lost cat, Mitsou, with text by Rilke. In 1921, Rilke had written in what he called "a savage creative storm" his two most important collections of poetry, the "Duino Elegies" and "Sonnets to Orpheus", both published in 1923. During their romance, Rilke called Klossowska by the pet name "Merline" in their correspondence—first published in 1954.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A 1923 photograph of Klossowska and Rilke

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klossowska's 1925 sketch of Rilke

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugen Spiro's portrait of his sister

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Baladine Klossowska

wikipedia_title: Baladine Klossowska


text: Native American

text: Assiniboine Sioux

text: Castro Valley, California

text: Fort Peck Indian Reservation

text: Joyce Growing Thunder Fogarty

text: Santa Fe Indian Market

text: Plains Indians

text: beadwork

text: porcupine quill embroidery

text: quillwork

text: natural dye

text: bloodroot

text: blackberries

text: wolf moss

text: powwow

text: North San Juan, California

text: museum collections

text: Metropolitan Museum of Art

text: National Museum of the American Indian

text: List of Native American artists

categories: American textile artists,Women beadworkers,21st-century Native Americans,1969 births,Assiniboine people,Native American bead artists,Native American textile artists,Living people

paragraph: Juanita Growing Thunder Fogarty

paragraph: Juanita Growing Thunder Fogarty (born 1969) is a Native American, Assiniboine Sioux bead worker and porcupine quill worker. She creates traditional Northern Plains regalia.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Juanita Growing Thunder Fogarty was born in Castro Valley, California in 1969; however, her family comes from the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, where Juanita spent much of her childhood.

paragraph: Her mother, Joyce Growing Thunder Fogarty, is also an acclaimed bead and quill artist and the only artist to have won best of show three times at the Santa Fe Indian Market. Both artists come from a long line of Plains Indians bead workers. Juanita learned skills from her mother and has been beading since the age of three. At times Juanita will work with her mother Joyce, and her daughter Jessica "Jessa Rae" together beading for larger regalia projects.

paragraph: Section::::Artwork.

paragraph: Fogarty creates traditional Plains clothing and accessories, such as purses, pipe bags, dolls, cradle boards, rifle scabbards, and knife cases – all adorned with beadwork or porcupine quill embroidery.

paragraph: Her quillwork is labor-intensive. She gathers her own quills from freshly killed porcupines, then washes and dyes them. She uses both synthetic and natural dyes, such as bloodroot, blackberries, and wolf moss. Sorting the quills by color and size is the lengthiest step in the process. The quills are then softened in a bath of warm water, and Fogarty flattens them with her own teeth. She then appliqués or wraps the quills to moose or deer hide to create intricate patterns.

paragraph: The designs of her artwork are both abstract and realistic and are based on nature, daily life, and the mythology of her tribes. She says that traditional designs of her tribe would, "reflect what the people saw, and what they had going on in their lives at the time ... maybe somebody in their family had gone to war or battle."

paragraph: Fogarty has won best of class four times at the Santa Fe Indian Market. She also dances at powwows in regalia created by her family over the course of seven years. As of 2006, she lived in North San Juan, California.

paragraph: Her work is in various permanent museum collections including, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian, and more.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Native American artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas

description: Assiniboine-Sioux bead artist, quillworker, and maker of traditional clothing and regalia

wikidata_label: Juanita Growing Thunder Fogarty

wikipedia_title: Juanita Growing Thunder Fogarty


text:
footballer
Premier League
Premier League
Nathan Blake
Crystal Palace
Wimbledon
Ipswich Town
Charlton Athletic
Portsmouth
ÍBV
Premier League
Crystal Palace
Sheffield Wednesday
Chelsea
Stamford Bridge
Torquay United
The Football League
Ron Noades
Brentford
Third Division
Wimbledon
West Ham United
2000–01
Ipswich Town
UEFA Cup
West Bromwich Albion
2002–03
Manchester City
West Ham United
Helsingborg
Charlton Athletic
2003–04
Manchester City
free transfer
Portsmouth
7–4
Reading
Fulham
professional foul
Darius Vassell
City of Manchester Stadium
Manchester City
FA Cup
Cardiff City
Wembley Stadium
Liverpool
Burnley
achilles tendon
Tottenham Hotspur
Harry Redknapp
2010 FA Cup Final
Steve Cotterill
Carl Dickinson
Barnsley
Championship
Coventry City
The News
Michael Appleton
League One
Crawley Town
ÍBV
Iceland
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Alexander Högnason
ÍBV
2013 Úrvalsdeild
David James
Fylkir
Kerala Blasters
Indian Super League
Ragna Lóa Stefánsdóttir
Icelandic Super Cup
Úrvalsdeild
1997
1998–99
FA Cup
2007–08

categories: Íþróttabandalag Vestmannaeyja managers,Crystal Palace F.C. players,Wimbledon F.C. players,Icelandic expatriate footballers,Iceland international footballers,English Football League players,Icelandic expatriate sportspeople in England,Premier League players,Expatriate footballers in England,Icelandic football managers,20th-century Icelandic people,Icelandic footballers,Úrvalsdeild managers,Ipswich Town F.C. players,Living people,Íþróttabandalag Vestmannaeyja players,Brentford F.C. players,Coventry City F.C. players,People from Vestmannaeyjar,Charlton Athletic F.C. players,Portsmouth F.C. players,1974 births

paragraph: Hermann Hreiðarsson

paragraph: Hermann Hreiðarsson (born 11 July 1974) is an Icelandic former footballer and football coach. He played as a defender and spent 15 seasons in England, gaining a total of 315 appearances in the Premier League.

paragraph: Hermann was relegated from the Premier League five times, a record he holds jointly with Nathan Blake. He was relegated with every Premier League club he has played for: Crystal Palace (1997–98 season), Wimbledon (1999–2000), Ipswich Town (2001–02), Charlton Athletic (2006–07), and Portsmouth (2009–10).

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Early career.

paragraph: In 1993, Hermann started playing for his local club ÍBV, where he took part in five seasons with the team. He only played 3 matches out of 18 in his first season as the club finished 8th out of 10, but played all the matches in the next two seasons with the club finishing 8th and then 3rd. He then played every match but one in his fourth season as the club finished 4th. He left before the completion of his last season, but the club ended up as champions of Iceland for the second time and for the first time in 18 years, with Hermann playing a big role in the turnaround of the club's fortunes.

paragraph: In 1997, Hermann was scouted by Premier League newcomers Crystal Palace. He came into English football in August that year when Palace signed him up. He was one of the team's few stand-out players in a season where Palace were relegated. At Palace, Hermann scored league goals against Sheffield Wednesday and Chelsea, with the latter goal briefly giving Palace the lead at Stamford Bridge. He also scored once in the League Cup against Torquay United.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Brentford.

paragraph: In September 1998, Hermann opted to move further down The Football League and followed recently departed Crystal Palace chairman Ron Noades to Brentford, where Noades was now chairman as well as the manager. He joined the London-based Third Division side for a then-club record incoming fee of £750,000.

paragraph: Brentford were champions of the Third Division and Hermann scored six goals, but in October 1999, he signed for Premier League side Wimbledon in a deal worth £2.5 million, which remained Brentford's record transfer fee received until September 2014. They were later relegated from the top flight that season. During his time at Wimbledon, he scored once against West Ham United.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Ipswich Town.

paragraph: A£4.5 million move before the 2000–01 season saw him become newly promoted Ipswich Town's record signing. Ipswich finished fifth in the club's first season back in the Premier League, thus securing a UEFA Cup place. The following season, there was a complete reversal of fortunes, and they were relegated. Ipswich trimmed their squad to save on finances, but Hermann turned down a move to newly promoted West Bromwich Albion at the start of the 2002–03 season – reportedly due to West Bromwich offering him vastly reduced wages compared to what he was currently receiving, and also Hermann not wanting to face another relegation battle. At Ipswich he scored league goals against Manchester City and West Ham United and scored once in the UEFA Cup against Helsingborg.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Charlton Athletic.

paragraph: In March 2003, Hermann moved on from Ipswich, joining Premier League side Charlton Athletic. He signed a three-and-a-half-year contract, with the club paying £800,000, plus a further £100,000 if they were not relegated in the 2003–04 season to Hermann. He was able to move to Charlton outside the Premier League's transfer window as Ipswich were in administration, although he would not be eligible to play for the club for the remainder of that season.

paragraph: Hermann proved his worth for Charlton after making his debut in a 3–0 home defeat at the hands of Manchester City. He would miss only five matches in his debut season, and would be regular starter in subsequent years.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Portsmouth.

paragraph: On 25 May 2007, Hermann exercised a clause in his contract with Charlton which allowed him to leave on a free transfer if they were relegated and signed a two-year deal with fellow Premier League club Portsmouth. On 29 September, Hermann scored his first goal for Portsmouth in a 7–4 Premier League win at home against Reading. He followed that up with another goal the following weekend against Fulham. On 20 April 2008, Hermann was sent off for a professional foul on Darius Vassell at the City of Manchester Stadium against Manchester City, but his season ended well by lifting the FA Cup after a 1–0 victory over Cardiff City at Wembley Stadium.

paragraph: Hermann scored two goals in two matches for the second season running in 2009, when he netted with headers against both Liverpool and Manchester City. In December 2009, he scored the first goal in a 2–0 victory against Burnley. On 27 March 2010, Hermann snapped his achilles tendon in an away match against Tottenham Hotspur and was ruled out for the rest of the season. After the match, Spurs and former Portsmouth manager Harry Redknapp commented, "The game was soured by Hermann's injury. The lads said they heard it pop." Due to this injury, Hermann was unable to play in the 2010 FA Cup Final.

paragraph: After Portsmouth were relegated from the Premier League, it became unknown whether Hermann would stay at the club. However, on 8 October, he signed a new one-year contract. For most of the 2010–11 season, Hermann remained on the bench, as manager Steve Cotterill preferred loan signing Carl Dickinson, but in the latter part of the season, he became first-choice ahead of Dickinson and made his 500th league appearance against Barnsley on 19 February 2011. He signed a new one-year contract with Portsmouth on 8 July.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Coventry City.

paragraph: On 14 January 2012, after a long injury spell and limited playing time, it was announced that Hermann would sign for fellow Championship side Coventry City on a six-month contract. He was injured after only two appearances and could not play for the rest of the season.

paragraph: Hermann was released by Coventry when his contract ran out at the end of the 2011–12 season. Coincidentally, both Coventry City and Portsmouth were relegated from the Championship that season.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Portsmouth trial.

paragraph: On 4 September 2012 a rumour circulated that Hermann was to offer his services to Portsmouth and play for nothing. The following day, the rumour was confirmed by local newspaper "The News". In an online article, manager Michael Appleton stated "Hermann will come in and train with us towards the end of the week and we will see where he is from a fitness point of view. He tells me he wants to play for nothing but we will assess him. I am certainly not ruling it out. We will see how his fitness is, like we would do with any triallist". Hermann intended to play in an upcoming League One match against Crawley Town, but due to his appointment as manager of his hometown club ÍBV, he did not play.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Hermann made his debut for Iceland in a June 1996 friendly match against Cyprus, coming on as a substitute for Alexander Högnason. He since become a strongly established member of the team, collecting 89 caps and captaining the side in his later years.

paragraph: Section::::Managerial career.

paragraph: Hermann reached an agreement with his hometown club ÍBV on 19 September 2012 to become their manager for the 2013 Úrvalsdeild season. He would later sign former English international goalkeeper and Portsmouth teammate David James for the 2013 season. He then spent three years at Fylkir, managing the men's team during the 2015 and 2016 seasons, and the women's team during the 2017 season. In January 2018 he teamed up once again with David James at Kerala Blasters in the Indian Super League as assistant manager, after James' appointment as manager.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hermann was married to fellow Icelander Ragna Lóa Stefánsdóttir, herself a former football player. They have two daughters, Telma and Ída, in addition to Ragna Lóa's own children, Stefán and Elsa.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:Club.

paragraph: (*) Community Shield

paragraph: (**) Icelandic Super Cup

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: ÍBV

paragraph: BULLET::::- Úrvalsdeild: 1997

paragraph: Brentford

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third Division: 1998–99

paragraph: Portsmouth

paragraph: BULLET::::- FA Cup: 2007–08

description: Icelandic footballer

wikidata_label: Hermann Hreiðarsson

wikipedia_title: Hermann Hreiðarsson


text:
German
Saint Petersburg
Russia
Berlin
Johann Kirnberger
Prussia
virtuoso
piano sonata
Marie Antoinette
opera
Hector Berlioz
Théâtre Feydeau
London
J. P. Salamon
Concerto
Rondo
tremolo
Hamburg
Dresden
Prague
Vienna
Beethoven
Ferdinand Ries
Joseph Haydn
The Creation
the First Consul Bonaparte
Austerlitz
Tsar Alexander I
Saint Petersburg
François-Adrien Boieldieu
Symphony No. 9
Choral Fantasy
Henri Herz
Ferruccio Busoni
Piano Concerto
Cramer
Muzio Clementi
Grove
Kölner Akademie
Grove Music Online
grovemusic.com
resampled.de/steibelt

categories: German classical pianists,German expatriates in Russia,1765 births,German classical composers,18th-century keyboardists,German male pianists,German male classical composers,German opera composers,1823 deaths,Classical-period composers,Musicians from Berlin,Male opera composers

paragraph: Daniel Steibelt

paragraph: Daniel Gottlieb Steibelt (October 22, 1765) was a German born pianist and composer who died in Saint Petersburg, Russia. His main works were composed in Paris and in London.

paragraph: Section::::Life and music.

paragraph: Daniel Steibelt was born in Berlin, and studied music with Johann Kirnberger before being forced by his father to join the Prussian army. Deserting, he began a nomadic career as a pianist before settling in 1790 in Paris, where he attained great popularity as a virtuoso by means of a piano sonata called "La Coquette", which he composed for Marie Antoinette. Also in Paris, his dramatic opera entitled "Romeo et Juliette", which was later highly regarded by Hector Berlioz, was produced at the Théâtre Feydeau in 1793. This is held by many to be his most original and artistically successful composition.

paragraph: Steibelt began to share his time between Paris and London, where his piano-playing attracted great attention. In 1797 he played in a concert of J. P. Salamon. In 1798 he produced his Concerto No. 3 in E containing a "Storm Rondo" characterized by extensive tremolos, which became very popular. In the following year Steibelt started on a professional tour in Germany; and, after playing with some success in Hamburg, Berlin, Dresden, and Prague, he arrived at the end of March 1800 at Vienna, where he is reported to have challenged Beethoven to a trial of skill at the house of Count von Fries. The always quoted account by Ferdinand Ries was written 37 years later; Ries did not attend it and became only later a student and a friend of Beethoven. Ries describes how Beethoven carried the day by improvising at length on a theme taken from the cello part of a new Steibelt piece, placed upside down on the music rack. Reportedly, Steibelt stormed out of the room, never to set foot in Vienna again. Ries' account, however, contains two factual errors.

paragraph: Following this supposed public humiliation Steibelt would have quitted his tour. (The date of his departure from Vienna is not known, while Beethoven did leave Vienna at the end of April or beginning of May: he played in Buda, Hungary, on 7 May.) Steibelt went again to Paris, where he organised the first performance of Joseph Haydn's oratorio "The Creation", which took place on 24 December 1800 at the Opera House. On his way to it, the First Consul Bonaparte narrowly escaped a bomb attack. Steibelt had just published one of his most accomplished sonatas, which he had dedicated to Bonaparte's wife, Josephine. After a second stay in England (March 1802-March 1805), Steibelt came back to the continent, gave concerts in Brussels (April 1805), and was back in Paris in Summer. He celebrated Napoleon's triumph at the Austerlitz with a "Musical Interlude" named "La Fête de Mars", whose première was attended by Napoleon in person (4 February 1806).

paragraph: In 1808 he was invited by Tsar Alexander I to Saint Petersburg, succeeding François-Adrien Boieldieu as director of the French Opera in 1811. He remained there for the rest of his life. In 1812, he composed "The Conflagration of Moscow", a grand fantasy for piano dedicated to the Russian nation.

paragraph: He generally ceased performing in 1814, but returned to the platform for his Concerto No. 8, which was premiered on March 16, 1820, in Saint Petersburg, and is notable for its choral finale. This was four years before Beethoven's unconventional Symphony No. 9, and was the only piano concerto ever written (excluding Beethoven's Choral Fantasy) with a part for a chorus until Henri Herz's 6th concerto, Op. 192 (1858) and Ferruccio Busoni's Piano Concerto (1904).

paragraph: Besides his dramatic music, Steibelt left behind him an enormous number of compositions, mostly for the piano. His playing was said to be brilliant, though lacking the higher qualities which characterized that of such contemporaries as Cramer and Muzio Clementi. Despite this, his playing and compositional skills enabled him to build a career across Europe. Grove describes him as "extraordinarily vain, arrogant, discourteous, recklessly extravagant and even dishonest." Such harsh moral judgements are justified by some of the facts of Steibelt's life as they have come down to us. These and similar attacks on his character must be viewed with caution if a correct image of Steibelt's personality is to be reconstructed.

paragraph: At his best Steibelt was an imaginative composer with strong individuality. His operas "Cendrillon" (1810) and "Romeo et Juliette" (1793), all his piano concerti, his chamber music, a selection of his numerous sonatas (e.g. Op. 45 in E-flat and Op. 64 in G) and some piano pieces (caprices and preludes, studies Op. 78) are of a sufficient musical worth to be performed and enjoyed today.

paragraph: Section::::Selected list of his works.

paragraph: 1) Stage

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romeo et Juliette", 3 acts (1793)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Albert et Adelaide", 3 acts (1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le retour de Zephyr", 1 act ballet (1802)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le jugement du Berger", 3 acts ballet (1804)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Belle Laitière, ou Blanche Reine de Castille" (1805)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Fête de Mars", intermezzo (1806)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Fête de l'Empereur", ballet (1809)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Blöde Ritter" (1810)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sargines", 3 acts, opera (1810) (This is most likely not a work by Steibelt.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cendrillon", 3 acts opera (1810)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Princesse de Babylone", 3 acts opera (1812)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le jugement de Midas" (1823?)

paragraph: 2) Orchestral

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto No. 1 for Piano and Orchestra in C (Paris edition in 1794)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto No. 2 for Piano and Orchestra in E minor (1796?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto No. 3 for Piano and Orchestra in E "L'orage" (created in 1798; Paris ed. 1799)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto No. 4 for Piano and Orchestra in E (1800?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto No. 5 for Piano and Orchestra in E "À la chasse" Op. 64 (created in 1802; Paris ed. 1805)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto No. 6 for Piano and Orchestra in G minor "Le voyage au mont Saint-Bernard" (Paris edition 1817)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto No. 7 for Piano and Orchestra in E minor "Grand concerto militaire dans le genre grec", with 2 orchestras, (Paris ed. 1818)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto No. 8 for Piano and Orchestra in E "with bacchanalian rondo, acc. chorus" (1820), not published.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harp Concerto (1807)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ouverture en Symphonie (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marches and Waltzes

paragraph: 3) Chamber

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rondo favorite, for violin or flute, and guitar

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3 String Quartets, Op. 17 (1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3 Quintets for Piano and Strings, Op. 28 (1797)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 String Quartets, op. 34 (ca 1799)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3 Duos for Violin and Guitar, Op. 37

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3 String Quartets, Op. 49 (1800)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3 Violin Sonatas, Op. 69

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1 Quartet for Piano and Strings

paragraph: BULLET::::- 26 trios for piano and strings

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 trios for harp and strings

paragraph: BULLET::::- 115 duos for piano and violin (?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 duos for Piano and Harp (or for two pianos)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 sonatas for harp

paragraph: BULLET::::- 36 bacchanals and 12 divertissements for Piano, tambourine and triangle ad lib.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 77 sonatas for piano solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 45 rondos

paragraph: BULLET::::- 32 fantasias

paragraph: BULLET::::- 21 divertissements

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12 caprices or preludes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20 pots-pourris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2 series of serenades

paragraph: BULLET::::- 25 series of variations

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16 sonatas for piano 4 hands (at least 6 of them are apocryphal works)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Descriptive pieces (Triumph, sieges, marches funebres ... )

paragraph: BULLET::::- Waltzes, danses.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studies, Op. 78

paragraph: 4) Methode de Pianoforte (1805)

paragraph: 5) Songs

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6 romances (1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Air d'Estelle (1798)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 30 songs, Op. 10 (1794)

paragraph: Section::::Selective discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Variations on two Russian Folksongs, Irina Ermakova, piano (Arte Nova ANO 516260, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata in E major, Hiroko Sakagami, piano ("Hans Georg Nägeli, publisher and composer", MGB CD 6193, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Sonata in E-flat major, dedicated to Madame Bonaparte, Daniel Propper, piano ("Echoes of the Battlefields", Forgotten Records, fr 16/17P, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Conflagration of Moscow", a grand fantasia, Daniel Propper, piano ("Echoes of the Battlefields", Forgotten Records, fr 16/17P, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand concerto for harp, Masumi Nagasawa, harpe, Kölner Akademie, dir. Michael Alexander Willens (Ars Produktion, ARS 38 108, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata in C minor, Op. 6 No. 2, Anna Petrova-Forster, piano (Gega New, GD 362, 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Etudes, Op. 78 (Nos. 50, 32 and 3), Anna Petrova-Forster, piano (Gega New, GD 362, 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata in D major, Op. 82, Anna Petrova-Forster, piano (Gega New, GD 362, 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concerto in G minor, No. 6, "Le voyage au Mont St. Bernard", Anna Petrova-Forster, piano (Gega New, GD 362, 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rondo "The Storm", from his Concerto No. 3, Anna Petrova-Forster, piano (Forgotten Records, fr 32P, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rondo "Les Papillons", Anna Petrova-Forster, piano (Forgotten Records, fr 32P, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fantaisie and Variations on two Russian themes, Anna Petrova-Forster (Forgotten Records, fr 32P, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata in G major, Op. 64, Anna Petrova-Forster (Forgotten Records, fr 32P, 2015)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Dawes a.o.. "Steibelt, Daniel (Gottlieb)", "Grove Music Online", ed. L. Macy (accessed 27 April 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gottfried Müller: "Daniel Steibelt: Sein Leben und seine Klavierwerke (Leipzig and Zurich, 1933/R1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karen A. Hagberg: "Daniel Steibelt's Cendrillon: a critical edition with notes on Steibelt's life and works" (diss.Eastman School of Music,1975)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eight Sonatas of Daniel Steibelt mostly first time recorded in the sound of a period Johann Schantz Pianoforte (1790) and a modern grand piano at resampled.de/steibelt

description: German pianist and composer

wikidata_label: Daniel Steibelt

wikipedia_title: Daniel Steibelt


text: South Africa

text: sprint

text: Germany

text: T44 classification

text: 2016 Summer Paralympics

text: Pretoria

text: South Africa

text: University of Johannesburg

text: Leverkusen

text: Swansea

text: Marlou van Rhijn

text: Marie-Amélie Le Fur

text: 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships

text: Doha

text: 2016 Summer Paralympics

text: Grosseto

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Paralympics,Paralympic athletes of Germany,Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics,Amputee category Paralympic competitors,Paralympic silver medalists for Germany,South African female sprinters,1991 births,Living people

paragraph: Irmgard Bensusan

paragraph: Irmgard Bensusan (born 24 January 1991) is a South African born Paralympic sprinter who now competes for Germany, mainly in T44 classification events. Bensusan competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics where she won three silver medals in the 100, 200 and 400 metre sprints.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Bensusan was born on 24 January 1991 in Pretoria, South Africa. She studied accounting at the University of Johannesburg.

paragraph: Section::::Athletics career.

paragraph: Bensusan first took up athletics as an able-bodied competitor whilst living in South Africa. In 2009 whilst competing in a hurdle event, she tore the nerves in her right knee. The injury resulted in paralysis in her right leg below her knee. Bensusan looked at becoming classified as a para-sport athlete but was unable to gain a classification from the South African Paralympic Committee. As her mother was German she was eligible to represent Germany, and so she travelled to Europe to take up residency in Leverkusen and was subsequently classified as a T44 track and field athlete.

paragraph: In 2014, she represented Germany at her first major international event, travelling to Swansea in Wales to compete in the 2014 IPC Athletics European Championships. There she won three silver medals, in the 100m, 200m and 400m sprints. In the two shorter events she was beaten by the Dutch 'Blade Babe' Marlou van Rhijn, and in the 400 metres she was beaten by a new world record time by France's Marie-Amélie Le Fur. A year later Bensusan took part in the 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships in Doha.

paragraph: Section::::Athletics career.:2016 Summer Paralympics.

paragraph: In the buildup to the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, Bensusan took part in her second European Championships, this time in Grosseto, Italy.Bensusan was able to win gold in both the 100m and 200m events. Her times running up to Rio saw Bensusan qualify for all three sprint events at the Summer Paralympics: the 100m, 200m and 400m races. She took silver in all three events, losing the gold medals to van Rhijn (100m and 200m) and Le Fur (400m).

description: South African born Paralympic sprinter

wikidata_label: Irmgard Bensusan

wikipedia_title: Irmgard Bensusan


text:
Harper's Weekly
Jules Tavernier
Jules Tavernier
Harper's Weekly
Napa Valley
artistic licence

paragraph: Paul Frenzeny

paragraph: Paul Frenzeny (1840 – 1902) was an American artist and illustrator. He is known for the many illustrations he made as he travelled across America for "Harper's Weekly" with the artist Jules Tavernier.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Paul Frenzeny was born in France in 1840. He is said to have joined the French cavalry in Mexico. He and Jules Tavernier were commissioned by the American magazine "Harper's Weekly" to Travel from the East Coast to the West Coast to capture illustrations of the as yet undisturbed West, starting in 1873 and reaching San Francisco in time for the magazine to print his pictures of California from 1876 onwards. For one issue in 1878, he drew Chinese field workers gathering in the grapes in the Napa Valley, using artistic licence to show them treading the grapes with their feet, a technique then used in France but not in California. He became interested in the city's Chinatown and drew many illustrations of that quarter between 1874 and 1882. He worked for "Leslie's Weekly" from 1882 to 1887. He died in London in 1902.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chalmers, Claudine; Shields, Scott A.; Harrison, Alfred C., Jr. (2014) "Jules Tavernier, Artist & Adventurer" Pomegranate Communications, Portland, Oregon.

description: French-born American artist

wikidata_label: Paul Frenzeny

wikipedia_title: Paul Frenzeny


text: professional baseball

text: pitcher

text: Detroit Tigers

text: Major League Baseball

text: Major League Baseball

text: Edmonds-Woodway High School

text: Edmonds, Washington

text: college baseball

text: Lewis–Clark State College

text: World Series

text: Kansas City Royals

text: 2008 MLB Draft

text: spring training

text: Detroit Tigers

text: Erie SeaWolves

text: Class AA

text: Eastern League

text: earned run average

text: Toledo Mud Hens

text: Class AAA

text: International League

text: starting pitcher

text: long reliever

text: Kansas City Royals

text: Opening Day

text: Mike Napoli

text: Jason Castro

text: Bernie Boland

text: Seattle Mariners

text: Seattle Mariners

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Francisco Liriano

text: Jordan Zimmermann

text: save

text: Toronto Blue Jays

text: Oakland Athletics

text: Jed Lowrie

text: fastball

text: cut

text: curveball

text: changeup

categories: Idaho Falls Chukars players,Sportspeople from Seattle,Erie SeaWolves players,Detroit Tigers players,1987 births,Leones del Escogido players,Northwest Arkansas Naturals players,Baseball players from Washington (state),Omaha Royals players,Lewis–Clark State Warriors baseball players,Lakeland Flying Tigers players,Mesa Solar Sox players,Omaha Storm Chasers players,Burlington Bees players,Bravos de Margarita players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people

paragraph: Blaine Hardy

paragraph: Blaine Patrick Hardy (born March 14, 1987) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the Tigers in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Hardy attended Edmonds-Woodway High School in Edmonds, Washington, graduating in 2005. He then enrolled at the University of Portland in 2006 where he played for the school's college baseball team. Hardy then transferred to Bellevue College for the 2007 season, and would go on to play for Lewis–Clark State College in 2008. Hardy was a member of the Lewis–Clark National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics World Series championship team in 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minor leagues.

paragraph: The Kansas City Royals selected Hardy in the 22nd round of the 2008 MLB Draft. The Royals released Hardy during spring training in 2013.

paragraph: Hardy signed with the Detroit Tigers in April 2013, and they assigned him to the Erie SeaWolves of the Class AA Eastern League. Hardy finished with a 2–2 record and a 1.63 earned run average (ERA) as a reliever before he was promoted to the Toledo Mud Hens of the Class AAA International League. He was pressed into duty as a starting pitcher due to a pitching shortage and performed well. He finished the season with an 8–3 record and a 1.67 ERA between Double-A Erie and Triple-A Toledo.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Tigers.:2014.

paragraph: Hardy was a non-roster invitee to spring training in 2014, and impressed as he competed for a role as the team's long reliever. The Tigers reassigned him to minor league camp towards the end of spring training. On June 15, 2014, the Detroit Tigers purchased Hardy's contract from Triple-A Toledo, and he was added to the 25-man roster. Hardy made his major league debut for the Detroit Tigers the next day in a game against the Kansas City Royals, pitching two scoreless innings, allowing one hit, walking two and striking out two. He performed well in his first major league season, posting a 2.54 ERA in 39 innings pitched.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Tigers.:2015.

paragraph: Hardy made the Tiger roster for Opening Day in the 2015 season, but was held back for extended spring training due to a minor injury. On August 23, 2015, Hardy's homerless streak of innings ended after allowing a home run to Mike Napoli. This was the longest active homerless innings streak in the major leagues. The last time Hardy had allowed a home run was to Jason Castro on June 27, 2014. Hardy holds the franchise record for the most appearances by a left-hander without allowing a home run, at 87, and was two appearances away from tying Bernie Boland's record for 89 homerless appearances. He would finish the season with a 3.08 ERA, while striking out 55 batters in innings. He appeared in a team-high 70 games in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Tigers.:2016.

paragraph: On May 12, 2016, Hardy was optioned to the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens. He made seven appearances between June 6 and June 18 before being optioned to Toledo again. He was called up to the Tigers again in August, and pitched three scoreless innings of an August 9 game against the Seattle Mariners. For the 2016 season, Hardy made 21 relief appearances, posting a 1–0 record with a 3.51 ERA in innings pitched.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Tigers.:2017.

paragraph: Hardy again split time between Toledo and Detroit in 2017. He struggled with the Tigers this season, posting a 5.94 ERA and 1.77 WHIP while striking out 28 batters in innings. On November 25, 2017, the Tigers avoided arbitration with Hardy, agreeing on a one-year contract.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Tigers.:2018.

paragraph: On March 25, 2018, Hardy was outrighted to Triple-A Toledo by the Tigers. On May 4, 2018, the Tigers purchased Hardy's minor league contract and added him to the roster. Hardy made his first major league start on May 13, giving up two earned runs in innings against the Seattle Mariners, while throwing a career-high 79 pitches. In his third start on May 27, Hardy went a career-high seven innings and threw 85 pitches, giving up just one run and three hits against the Chicago White Sox to earn his first major league win as a starter. Due to injuries to Francisco Liriano and Jordan Zimmermann, Hardy continued to pitch in the Tigers starting rotation through the month of June. He made seven total starts, going 3–1 with a 3.66 ERA in those games, before returning to the bullpen on July 1. He earned his first major league save on July 2 against the Toronto Blue Jays. Back in the rotation on August 3, Hardy took a no-hitter against the Oakland Athletics into the seventh inning, before an infield single by Jed Lowrie ruined the no-hit bid. He finished the game allowing one hit, with two walks and six strikeouts on a career-high 106 pitches. On August 17, Hardy was placed on the 10-day disabled list due to elbow tendinitis.

paragraph: For the 2018 season, Hardy appeared in 30 games (13 starts), compiling a 4–5 record, 3.56 ERA, 1.17 WHIP, and 66 strikeouts in 86 innings.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Tigers.:2019.

paragraph: On January 11, 2019, the Tigers avoided arbitration with Hardy, agreeing on a one-year, $1.3 million contract. Despite having pitched in 194 games for the Tigers over five seasons, 2019 marked the first time in his career that Hardy was with the team for an opening day.

paragraph: Section::::Pitch selection.

paragraph: Hardy throws a fastball in the 87–91 mph range that he will occasionally cut for late movement. His most effective pitch is an upper-70s curveball, which has yielded most of his strikeouts to date. He mixes in a changeup at 78–81 mph.

description: American professional baseball pitcher

wikidata_label: Blaine Hardy

wikipedia_title: Blaine Hardy


text: Los Angeles

text: California

text: American

text: Clear Light

text: The Peanut Butter Conspiracy

text: Carole King

text: Lou Reed

text: Todd Rundgren

text: Utopia

text: Carole King

text: Tapestry

text: James Taylor

text: Hall & Oates

text: Whitney Houston

text: George Benson

text: The Four Tops

text: Cher

text: Donna Summer

text: Kashif

text: Richie Havens

text: Patty Smyth

text: Phoebe Snow

text: The Manhattans

text: Rodney Crowell

text: Joan Osborne

text: Ellen Shipley

text: Elliott Murphy

text: Billy Joel

text: George Benson

text: Michael Bolton

text: Joan Osborne

text: Bette Midler

text: Bonnie Tyler

text: Graham Parker

text: Real

text: Belinda Carlisle

text: Tongues and Tails

text: Sophie B. Hawkins

text: Damn, I Wish I Was Your Lover

text: Clarence Clemons

text: Bruce Springsteen

text: Kate & Allie

text: Another World

text: Crystal Gayle

text: Gary Morris

text: BMW

text: Mercedes-Benz

text: Mitsubishi

text: Chevrolet

text: Federal Express

text: 4Kids Productions

text: Pokémon

text: Pokémon

text: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

text: Yu-Gi-Oh!

text: Cubix

text: Sonic X

text: Chaotic

text: Dinosaur King

text: Viva Piñata

categories: Utopia (American band) members,1948 births,Living people,American male musicians,Musicians from Los Angeles,20th-century American keyboardists,American musicians

paragraph: Ralph Schuckett

paragraph: Ralph Dion Schuckett (born March 2, 1948 in Los Angeles, California) is an American keyboardist, songwriter, record producer and TV/film composer. He played with Clear Light (1966−68), The Peanut Butter Conspiracy (1968−70), Jo Mama (1969−72), Carole King (1969−72), Lou Reed (1972−73), Todd Rundgren and Utopia (1972−75), and, as a studio musician in both LA and NY, on albums by Carole King (notably "Tapestry"), James Taylor, Hall & Oates, Whitney Houston, George Benson, The Four Tops, Cher, Donna Summer, Kashif, Richie Havens, Patty Smyth, Phoebe Snow, The Manhattans, Rodney Crowell, Joan Osborne, Ellen Shipley, Elliott Murphy and many others. His string and brass arrangements can be heard on recordings by Billy Joel, George Benson, Michael Bolton, Joan Osborne, Bette Midler, Bonnie Tyler, Graham Parker and others.

paragraph: He produced or co-produced the albums "Real" by Belinda Carlisle and "Tongues and Tails" by Sophie B. Hawkins (which included the worldwide hit, "Damn, I Wish I Was Your Lover"), and "Rescue" by Clarence Clemons, on which he also co-produced tracks with Bruce Springsteen. He has co-written themes for TV shows, including "Kate & Allie" and "Another World". The latter became a pop and country hit, sung by Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris.

paragraph: He has composed music for hundreds of TV commercials, for products such as BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Chevrolet and Federal Express among others. Since 1999, he has been the senior composer for 4Kids Productions, providing underscores for the first three "Pokémon" feature films, as well as animated TV series including "Pokémon", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", "", "Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Cubix", "Sonic X", "Chaotic", "Dinosaur King", "Viva Piñata" and many others.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll" - 3rd Edition

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph Schuckett audio interview on RundgrenRadio.com

description: US-American musician

wikidata_label: Ralph Schuckett

wikipedia_title: Ralph Schuckett