text: Quintus

text: plebeian

text: gens Decia

text: Roman consul

text: devotio

text: Augustan

text: historian

text: Livy

text: quinqueviri mensarii

text: First Samnite War

text: Marcus Valerius Corvus Arvina

text: Samnites

text: Grass Crown

text: Titus Manlius Torquatus

text: Latins

text: Latin War

text: Dii Manes

text: Battle of Vesuvius

text: Dii Manes

text: haruspices

text: Pontifex Maximus

text: pontifex

text: devotio

text: foederati

text: Publius Decius P.f. Mus

text: Publius Decius P.f. Mus

text: Peter Paul Rubens

text: Michael Anton

text: Donald Trump

text: United Airlines Flight 93

text: Horatii

text: Cincinnatus

text: Marcus Atilius Regulus

text: Cato the Elder

categories: Roman generals killed in action,Roman Republican consuls,Year of birth unknown,Roman consuls dying in year of consulship,Decii,340 BC deaths,Ancient Roman generals

paragraph: Publius Decius Mus (consul 340 BC)

paragraph: Publius Decius Mus, son of Quintus, of the plebeian gens Decia, was a Roman consul in 340 BC. He is noted particularly for sacrificing himself in battle through the ritual of "devotio", as recorded by the Augustan historian Livy.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Decius Mus first enters history in 352 BC as an appointed official, one of the "quinqueviri mensarii," public bankers charged with relieving citizen debts to some extent.

paragraph: He served with distinction in the First Samnite War under Marcus Valerius Corvus Arvina. In 343 BC, Corvus, leading his army through the mountain fastnesses of Samnium, became trapped in a valley by the Samnites. Decius, taking 1,600 men, seized a strong point through which the Samnites were obliged to pass, and held it against them until nightfall; breaking through their lines, he re-joined the main body of the army, which had gained the summit of the mountain and relative safety. The army then swept into the Samnites, gaining a complete victory and the spoils of the enemy camp. For the rescue of the trapped army he was awarded the Grass Crown by both his own army and by the army he relieved.

paragraph: In 340 he was raised to the consular rank as co-consul with Titus Manlius Torquatus, and the Romans allied themselves with their former enemies against the Latins in the Latin War. When during his consulate, an oracle announced that an army and the opposite army's general both would go to their deaths, Mus devoted himself and his foes to the Dii Manes and mother Earth to give his army the victory in the Battle of Vesuvius, in which he was slain and the enemy annihilated.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:The "devotio".

paragraph: According to Livy, as the army marched near Capua, it was given to the two consuls in mutual dreams that the army whose general pledged himself and his foemen's host to the Dii Manes and Earth, would be victorious. Upon confirmation from the haruspices the two divulged a plan to their senior officers and their army, that they may not lose heart, for they intended that whosoever's wing should falter first, should so pledge his life to the gods of the underworld and the Earth.

paragraph: Once the battle was engaged, the left wing began to falter and Decius Mus called upon the Pontifex Maximus, M. Valerius, to tell him the means by which to save the army. The pontifex prescribed the required ritual acts and a prayer (for which see "devotio"). After performing the ritual, the fully armored Decius Mus plunged his horse into the enemy with such supernatural vigor and violence that the awe-struck Latins soon refused to engage him, eventually bringing him down with darts. Even then, the Latins avoided his body, leaving a large space around it; and so the left wing of the Romans, once faltering, now swept into this weakness in the enemy lines. Manlius, conducting the right wing, held fast, allowing the Latins to use up their reserves, before crushing the enemy host between the renewed left and Samnite foederati at their flank, leaving only a quarter of the enemy to flee.

paragraph: He was the father of Publius Decius P.f. Mus, consul in 312 BC, 308 BC, 297 BC, and 295 BC and the grandfather of Publius Decius P.f. Mus, consul in 279 BC.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: At the behest of Franco Cattaneo, a Genoese businessman, Peter Paul Rubens created a series of eight paintings, modelli for tapestry weavers to recreate, commemorating Decius Mus.

paragraph: In the 2016 United States Presidential election, Michael Anton wrote under the pseudonym Publius Decius Mus to put forward a conservative intellectual defence of the positions of then candidate Donald Trump. His writings were aimed at Republicans that held Trump was not politically conservative enough to represent the party. He wrote that a risk of self-sacrifice was necessary to save the nation, maintaining that progressives had brought it to the brink of destruction. He used the actions of the passengers on United Airlines Flight 93 as an analogy.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horatii

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cincinnatus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marcus Atilius Regulus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cato the Elder

description: Ancient Roman consul

wikidata_label: Publius Decius Mus

wikipedia_title: Publius Decius Mus (consul 340 BC)


text:
Spanish
Grand Prix
motorcycle
road racer
Supersport World Championship
Kawasaki ZX-6R
Dos Aguas
Valencia Province
Jorge Martínez "Aspar"
Ángel Rodríguez
Pablo Nieto
Donington Park
championship
Seedorf Racing
Honda
Italian round
Marco Simoncelli
Motegi
Hiroshi Aoyama
2009 Valencia Grand Prix
two-stroke
four-stroke
MotoGP
Aspar Racing Team
Ducati
Pramac Racing
Team Aspar web site
Héctor Barberá Profile
Héctor Barberá Profile
Héctor Barberá Profile

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,Valencian sportspeople,Ducati Corse MotoGP riders,Aspar Racing Team MotoGP riders,Avintia Racing MotoGP riders,Supersport World Championship riders,1986 births,250cc World Championship riders,125cc World Championship riders,Spanish motorcycle racers,Pramac Racing MotoGP riders,Living people,People from Hoya de Buñol

paragraph: Héctor Barberá

paragraph: Héctor Barberá Vall (born November 2, 1986) is a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He currently competes in the Supersport World Championship, aboard a Kawasaki ZX-6R.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Dos Aguas, Valencia Province, Barberá began his World Championship career at the age of 15 in the 125cc world championship, under the guidance of Jorge Martínez "Aspar", who teamed Barberá and fellow youngster Ángel Rodríguez up with the experienced Pablo Nieto.

paragraph: In his first season Barberá established himself as the most promising rider of the three and in he broke through, with his first victory at Donington Park making him one of the youngest riders ever to win a Grand Prix. A strong finish to the season saw him take third place in the championship and he signed up for a title challenge with Seedorf Racing in . Several inopportune crashes and mechanical failures derailed his hopes but victory in the final race secured the runner-up spot and a factory ride with Fortuna Honda in the 250cc class for . After two years with the team he moved to Team Toth in .

paragraph: Barberá survived a huge crash during the Italian round of the championship on June 1, . Running second behind Marco Simoncelli on the penultimate lap who tried to defend his lead by changing his line on the straight, Barberá slipstreamed onto Simoncelli's back wheel and clipped it with his front brake lever. His bike somersaulted through the air, with Barberá escaping somewhat uninjured. However, a further crash in practice at Motegi left him with two spinal fractures, ending his season.

paragraph: In the 250cc world championship, Barberá won three races along with five other podium results to finish second to Honda's Hiroshi Aoyama. Barberá won the 2009 Valencia Grand Prix, the final two-stroke, 250cc race in Grand Prix history, as the class was to be discontinued in favor of the four-stroke Moto2 class in . On 20 August 2009 it was announced Barberá would move to MotoGP in , riding for the Aspar Racing Team aboard Ducati customer bikes. Barberá finished the 2010 MotoGP season in twelfth place, and followed on in eleventh place in 2011. On 7 November 2011, it was announced that he was moving to Pramac Racing for the 2012 season.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team Aspar web site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Héctor Barberá Profile at MotoGP.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Héctor Barberá Profile at WorldSBK.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Héctor Barberá Profile at Eurosport Yahoo!

description: Spanish motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Héctor Barberá

wikipedia_title: Héctor Barberá


text: looping

text: David Bowie

text: k.d. lang

text: John Legend

text: Madonna

text: Tori Amos

text: Bill Bruford

text: Tony Levin

text: Mick Karn

text: David Sylvian

text: Chocolate Genius

text: Michael Shrieve

text: Steve Roach

text: Patrick O'Hearn

text: Andy Rinehart

text: Matt Chamberlain

text: Meshell Ndegeocello

text: Don Cherry

text: Friday Night Lights

text: Velvet Goldmine

text: Adaptation

text: The Big Lebowski

text: The Departed

text: Fur

text: The Hoax

text: Kalifornia

text: Traffic

text: Reversal of Fortune

text: Three Kings

text: Leonard Bernstein

text: John Abercrombie

text: Pat Martino

text: Only Sky

text: Amityville, New York

text: Elijah B. Torn

text: Rip Torn

text: Angelica Torn

text: Geraldine Page

text: Sissy Spacek

text: Ina Garten

text: Barefoot Contessa

text: Jan Garbarek

text: ECM

text: Windham Hill

text: acoustic neuroma

text: Believe in Me

text: The Order

text: Grammy Award

text: Prezens

text: Tim Berne

text: The Next Day

text: TEDx

text: Premier Guitar

text: Fryette

text: TC Electronic

text: DigiTech

text: Best Laid Plans

text: ECM

text: Cloud About Mercury

text: Windham Hill

text: Varèse Sarabande

text: CMP

text: What Means Solid, Traveller?

text: Knitting Factory

text: Edel

text: Prezens

text: Only Sky

text: Rosewater

text: That Awkward Moment

text: The Fifth Estate (film)

text: Admission

text: Jesus Henry Christ

text: Everything Must Go

text: The Lincoln Lawyer

text: Howl

text: Teenage Paparazzo

text: Glee

text: Saint John of Las Vegas

text: Twilight

text: The Wackness

text: No Country for Old Men

text: Lars and the Real Girl

text: Anvil! The Story of Anvil

text: Fur

text: Believe in Me

text: Love Monkey

text: The Departed

text: March of the Penguins

text: Friday Night Lights

text: The Order

text: Blood Omen 2

text: Adaptation

text: Heist

text: A Knight's Tale

text: Traffic

text: Three Kings

text: Snake Eyes

text: A Dangerous Woman

text: Smoke Signals

text: The Big Lebowski

text: Velvet Goldmine

text: The Craft (film)

text: Fear

text: Airheads

text: Kalifornia

text: Bruno Letort

text: Loving the Alien (1983–1988)

text: Incidentals

text: Palmetto

text: The Next Day

text: Shadow Man

text: In the Pink

text: Donna Lewis

text: Playground

text: Manu Katché

text: Once Again

text: John Legend

text: Big Satan

text: Legs to Make Us Longer

text: Kaki King

text: Reality

text: Jeff

text: Jeff Beck

text: Heathen

text: David Bowie

text: Tim Berne

text: Science Friction

text: Scarlet's Walk

text: Tori Amos

text: Life on a String

text: Laurie Anderson

text: Nonesuch

text: Douglas September

text: Waters of Eden

text: Tony Levin

text: Narada

text: B.L.U.E. Nights

text: Bruford Levin Upper Extremities

text: Music

text: Madonna

text: Seven Veils

text: Robert Rich

text: Bruford Levin Upper Extremities

text: Drag

text: k.d. lang

text: Andy Rinehart

text: Mark Nauseef

text: Miroslav Tadić

text: Building the Colossus

text: Happy Rhodes

text: Mick Karn

text: Mark Isham

text: Castalia

text: Mark Isham

text: Secrets of the Beehive

text: David Sylvian

text: Virgin

text: It's OK to Listen to the Gray Voice

text: Jan Garbarek

text: Without Warning, Everyman Band

text: Everyman Band

text: Official site

text: "Electronic Musician" profile (2001)

text: Review of "prezens" at JazzChicago.net

categories: 20th-century American composers,20th-century American guitarists,American male composers,Living people,Windham Hill Records artists,Guitarists from New York (state),Bruford Levin Upper Extremities members,Avant-garde jazz musicians,ECM Records artists,1953 births,20th-century male musicians,American male guitarists,People from Amityville, New York

paragraph: David Torn

paragraph: David M. Torn (born May 26, 1953) is an American guitarist, composer, and producer. He is known for combining electronic and acoustic instruments and for the use of looping.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Torn has contributed to recordings by artists including David Bowie, k.d. lang, John Legend, Madonna, Tori Amos, Bill Bruford, Tony Levin, Mick Karn, David Sylvian, Chocolate Genius, Michael Shrieve, Steve Roach, Patrick O'Hearn, Andy Rinehart, Matt Chamberlain, Meshell Ndegeocello and Don Cherry.

paragraph: In addition to his composition work, Torn's recording have been featured in a number of films, including "Friday Night Lights", "Velvet Goldmine", "Adaptation", "The Big Lebowski", "The Departed", "Fur", "The Hoax", "Kalifornia", "Traffic", "Reversal of Fortune", "Tibet", and "Three Kings." He studied with Leonard Bernstein (within the "Music for Young Composers" series), as well as with guitarists John Abercrombie, Pat Martino, Paul Weiss and Arthur Basile. Torn works out of his personal studios, known as "Cell Labs"; occasionally, he uses the pseudonym "splattercell."

paragraph: "The New York Times" described Torn's 2015 solo release, "Only Sky", as "[an abstract landscape that is] both immersive and deftly disorienting."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Torn was born in Amityville, New York, he is married to Linda B. Brecht-Torn (b. 1952), is the son of Lawrence J. Torn (b. 1926) and Rhoda G. Torn (1927-2010), the father of electronic musician Elijah B. Torn (b. 1979) and Cody M. Torn (b. 1983). He is the brother of Marsha Torn and Linda Torn, and he is a cousin of Rip Torn (b. 1931), Angelica Torn (b. 1964), Geraldine Page, Sissy Spacek, and Ina Garten, AKA The Barefoot Contessa.

paragraph: Torn began his career with the Ithaca-based jam band Zobo Funn Band in the 1970s, and rose to prominence as a member of The Everyman Band and Jan Garbarek's quartet in the mid-1980s. He has recorded solo and group recordings for the ECM, Windham Hill, CMP, and 75 Ark.

paragraph: In the 1990s, Torn was diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma, in his case, a life-threatening form of brain tumor. The surgery that followed left him deaf in the right ear but he remained able to compose, record, and play. He even mixes many widely available recordings himself, although according to him this requires sitting sideways to the studio speakers and "visualising the stereo aspects of sound" in his head rather than experimenting with them by ear.

paragraph: In 2006, Torn's film score for "Believe in Me" won the Best Score-award at the Jackson Hole Film Festival. In 2003, his score for the film "The Order" was nominated for a Grammy Award.

paragraph: In 2007, Torn released "Prezens" with Tim Berne. "Jazzwise" called the album "a vibrating collage full of shimmering sonic shapes, a dark, urban electronic soundscape – a potent mix of jazz, free-form rock and technology that is both demanding and rewarding."

paragraph: In 2013, Torn performed as a guitarist on David Bowie's penultimate album, "The Next Day"—his third collaboration with the artist. The same year, Torn delivered a solo guitar performance and talk at TEDx Caltech 2013: The Brain. The presentation examined his brain tumor diagnosis and recovery.

paragraph: Section::::Instruments and effects.

paragraph: As a session artist, composer, and producer, David Torn has experimented with many effects boxes, amplifiers, and instruments, and he has spoken with amplifier designers and pedal builders about their craft. In an interview with "Premier Guitar" magazine following the release of his solo album "Only Sky", he shared an extensive list of the instruments and effects he uses. He plays a Ronin Mirari guitar with Foilbucker pickups and also lists a large number of amplifiers such as a Fryette Aether amplifier, and many guitar effects pedals including the TC Electronic Classic TC XII Phaser, Catalinbread Antichthon, DigiTech Whammy DT, and the Neunaber Stereo Wet Reverb.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Best Laid Plans" (ECM, 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Without Warning" (ECM, 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cloud About Mercury" (ECM, 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Door X" (Windham Hill, 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Storyville" (Varèse Sarabande, 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polytown" (Times Square, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tripping Over God" (CMP, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Earthbeat" (Azoto/Materiali, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What Means Solid, Traveller?" (CMP, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "GTR OBLQ" (Knitting Factory, 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Splattercell – Oah (75 Ark, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Splattercell – AH - ReMiKSiS (75 Ark, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Order" (Superb, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sin Eater" (Edel, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Plus Two" (Lolo, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prezens" (ECM, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Only Sky" (ECM, 2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Film and television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wonderstruck - (musician) (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Bowie: The Last 5 years (BBC) - as himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Light of The Moon - (composer) (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" - (original song) (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rosewater" - (electric guitar) (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" – (composer) (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "That Awkward Moment" – (composer) (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fifth Estate (film)" - (guitarist) (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Admission" – (musician) (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" - (composer) (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" – (musician) (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Backwards - (composer) (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jesus Henry Christ" – (composer) (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Everything Must Go" – (composer) (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lincoln Lawyer" – (musician) (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Howl" – (musician) (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Teenage Paparazzo" – (composer) (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Glee" – The Power of Madonna (2010) (writer: "What It Feels Like for a Girl" - uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saint John of Las Vegas" – (composer) (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Linea - The Line (composer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Twilight" – (musician) (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wackness" – (composer) (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Country for Old Men" – (musician) (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lars and the Real Girl" – (composer) (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anvil! The Story of Anvil" – (composer: additional music) (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fur" – (musician) (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mannequins, Kate Gentile (2017) (mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Believe in Me" – (composer) (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Monkey" – (composer) (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Departed" – (musician) (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "March of the Penguins" – (musician) (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Friday Night Lights" – (composer) (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "S1M0NE" – (musician) (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Order" – (composer) (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blood Omen 2" – (musician) (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adaptation" – (musician) (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heist" – (musician) (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Knight's Tale" – (musician) (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Traffic" – (musician) (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Kings" – (musician) (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Snake Eyes" – (musician) (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Dangerous Woman" – (musician) (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Smoke Signals" – (musician) (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love is the Devil" – (musician) (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Big Lebowski" – (musician) (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Velvet Goldmine" – (musician) (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Craft (film) - (musician) (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fear" – (musician) (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Airheads" – (musician) (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kalifornia" – (musician) (1993)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other recordings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trainworld (Musicube, 2018) (musician) music by Bruno Letort

paragraph: BULLET::::- SAMA, Lana Cencic (2018) (producer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Loving the Alien (1983–1988)", (musician)

paragraph: BULLET::::- SONAR, Vortex (RareNoise, 2018) (producer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Pouting Grimace, Matt Mitchell (2017) (producer, mixing, mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Incidentals", Tim Berne's Snakeoil (ECM, 2017) (producer, guitarist)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sky Music: A Tribute to Terje Rypdal, Various artists (2017)" (contributor)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vista Accumulation", Matt Mitchell (2016) (producer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Distance", Michael Formanek (2016) (mixing)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brand New Day", Donna Lewis (Palmetto, 2015) (producer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You've Been Watching Me", Tim Berne (ECM, 2015) (producer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Next Day", David Bowie (Iso, 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shadow Man", Tim Berne (ECM, 2013) (producer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Levin/Torn/White", Levin Torn White (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Pink", Donna Lewis (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Playground", Manu Katché (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Once Again", John Legend (Epic, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Souls Saved Hear", Big Satan (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Legs to Make Us Longer", Kaki King (Epic, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reality", David Bowie (Iso, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jeff", Jeff Beck (Epic, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heathen", David Bowie (Iso, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sevens", Tim Berne (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Science Friction", Tim Berne (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scarlet's Walk", Tori Amos (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life on a String", Laurie Anderson (Nonesuch, 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oil Tan Bow", Douglas September (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Waters of Eden", Tony Levin (Narada, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "B.L.U.E. Nights", Bruford Levin Upper Extremities (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music", Madonna (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seven Veils", Robert Rich (Hearts of Space, 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bruford Levin Upper Extremities" (Discipline Global Mobile, 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drag", k.d. lang (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To the Bone", Bon (Lolo, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thrive", Gongzilla (Lolo, 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jason's Chord", Andy Rinehart (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aural Gratification Volume 1", (various) (Aural Gratification, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "3 Pound Universe", Wes Martin (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Snake Music", Mark Nauseef & Miroslav Tadić (CMP, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Building the Colossus", Happy Rhodes (Aural Gratification, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tamna Voda", Dark (CMP, 1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lonely Universe", with Michael White, Michel Lambert, and Mick Karn (CMP, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mark Isham", Mark Isham (Gold Rush, 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stilleto, Michael Shrieve (1989) (musician)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Castalia", Mark Isham (Virgin, 1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secrets of the Beehive", David Sylvian (Virgin, 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's OK to Listen to the Gray Voice", Jan Garbarek (ECM, 1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Without Warning, Everyman Band", Everyman Band (ECM, 1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Everyman Band", Everyman Band (1982)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Torn interview with Anil Prasad of Innerviews (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Torn interview Anil Prasad of Innerviews (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Torn interview Anil Prasad of Innerviews (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Torn interview Anil Prasad of Innerviews (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Electronic Musician" profile (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of "prezens" at JazzChicago.net

description: American guitarist

wikidata_label: David Torn

wikipedia_title: David Torn


text:
officer
Confederate States Army
The White Man
Sam Houston
American Civil War
Arizona Territory
Confederate President
Jefferson Davis
Apache
San Antonio
Paris, Kentucky
United States Army
surgeon
R.E.B. Baylor
Baylor University
George R. Baylor
Texas
Indian agent
Jack County
Sam Houston
Comanche
Lipan Apache
Jacksboro
Butterfield Overland Mail Route
American Civil War
U.S.
southwest
Confederate States
New Mexico Territory
First Battle of Mesilla
New Mexico
Arizona
Marcus H. MacWillie
1st Confederate States Congress
colonel
2nd Confederate States Congress
San Antonio
Democratic party
Governor of Texas
Richard Coke
Black Hills War
Lakota Sioux
Uvalde County
first-degree murder
acquitted
self-defense
John R. Baylor
The Political Graveyard

categories: 1894 deaths,Confederate States Army officers,People of Texas in the American Civil War,Governors of Arizona Territory,American Civil War prisoners of war,Members of the Texas House of Representatives,19th-century American politicians,1822 births,Cavalry commanders,People acquitted of murder,Members of the Confederate House of Representatives from Texas,Burials in Texas,Military personnel from Kentucky,People from Paris, Kentucky

paragraph: John R. Baylor

paragraph: John R. Baylor (born John Robert Baylor; July 27, 1822 – February 6, 1894) was a US Indian agent, publisher and editor, politician, and a senior officer of the Confederate States Army. After being dismissed as Indian agent, he became one of the founding editors of "The White Man", a newspaper in North Texas, and a strong critic of Governor Sam Houston.

paragraph: During the American Civil War, Baylor led Texas Confederate forces into New Mexico, and declared himself the 1st Governor of the Arizona Territory. He was confirmed by Confederate President Jefferson Davis. In an altercation, Baylor killed an editor of a rival newspaper. Davis disapproved of orders Baylor gave to his regiment to exterminate the Apache in his territory, and removed him from office as governor, stripping him of his Texas commission.

paragraph: Later Baylor recovered, settling in San Antonio. He was elected to state government as a legislator and became a rancher. In 1881 he killed another man in an argument1, when he was about 59, but was acquitted at trial. He died years later at his ranch.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: John R. Baylor was born in Paris, Kentucky in 1822, the son of a United States Army surgeon and his wife. He had a brother, George Wythe Baylor, who followed their father into military service, later achieving the rank of colonel. The boys grew up with their family on the various military posts where their father was posted. Their uncle, R.E.B. Baylor, became an associate judge on the Texas Supreme Court and co-founder of Baylor University. A great-uncle was Col. George R. Baylor, who had served in the American Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::Move to Texas.

paragraph: John Baylor moved to Texas at the age of 18, and made his life there. His brother George also ended up in Texas. John Baylor was appointed as a US Indian agent in Jack County, serving from 1856 to March 1857, when he was dismissed. He became a critic of Governor Sam Houston, saying he was not doing enough to defend settlers in North Texas from the Comanche and Lipan Apache.

paragraph: He was elected to the state legislature, and, by 1860, became a co-founding publisher and editor of a local newspaper called "The White Man," which advocated the expulsion of Indians from North Texas. Based in Jacksboro, it had the advantage of being in a town that was a stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail Route, and was estimated to reach 1,000 readers.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.

paragraph: In 1861, after the outbreak of the American Civil War, Baylor organized the 2d Texas Cavalry Regiment (also known as the 2d Texas Mounted Rifles) to drive U.S. forces from the southwest on behalf of the newly formed Confederate States government. He led his cavalrymen into New Mexico Territory.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.:Governor of Arizona Territory (1861–1862).

paragraph: Following his victory at the First Battle of Mesilla (July 25, 1861), and the surrender of U.S. forces in the area, Baylor proclaimed himself as the Governor of Arizona Territory, a region encompassing the southern half of contemporary New Mexico and Arizona. On January 18, 1862, the fledgling territory was formally organized by the Confederate States.

paragraph: Soon, a disagreement over critical articles in the "Mesilla Times" led to a fight between Baylor and the editor, Robert P. Kelly, whom he killed. Attorney General Marcus H. MacWillie, a member of Baylor's state cabinet, officially pardoned him for the homicide. MacWillie was later rewarded when Baylor orchestrated the former AG's election to the 1st Confederate States Congress.

paragraph: Baylor became known for ordering his cavalry regiment to exterminate the Apache, with whom the encroaching settlers were in conflict. He issued the following order to his men:

paragraph: There is no indication this order was followed. When President Davis learned of it, he relieved Baylor as governor and revoked his commission as colonel.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.:C.S. House of Representatives (1863–1865).

paragraph: Baylor later was elected to the 2nd Confederate States Congress, serving from 1863-1865. He regained his commission as colonel and was raising a new force to recapture the Arizona Territory when the American Civil War ended.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In the postwar years, Baylor settled in San Antonio, Texas. In 1873, he unsuccessfully campaigned for the Democratic party's nomination for Governor of Texas, losing to Richard Coke.

paragraph: In 1876, during the height of the Black Hills War, Baylor offered his services to the U.S. Army against the Lakota Sioux. In 1878, he established a sizable ranch in Uvalde County and prospered.

paragraph: But Baylor continued to get involved in violent confrontations and reputedly killed a man in the early 1880s in a feud over livestock. This killing happened in Uvalde County; the victim was named Gilchrist. Baylor was charged with first-degree murder but acquitted on the grounds of self-defense in May 1881.

paragraph: He died at his ranch on February 6, 1894, aged 71. He was buried in the Church of the Ascension cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allardice, Bruce S., "Confederate Colonels", University of Missouri Press, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allardice, Bruce S., "More Generals in Gray", Louisiana State University Press, 1995, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katheder, Thomas, "The Baylors of Newmarket: The Decline and Fall of a Virginia Planter Family." New York and Bloomington, Ind., 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thompson, Jerry Don, "Colonel John Robert Baylor: Texas Indian Fighter and Confederate Soldier." Hillsboro, Texas: Hill Junior College Press, 1971.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John R. Baylor at The Political Graveyard

description: Confederate Army officer and politician

wikidata_label: John R. Baylor

wikipedia_title: John R. Baylor


text: German

text: colonel

text: Hessian

text: Battle of Trenton

text: American Revolutionary War

text: Stralsund

text: Isenburg

text: captain

text: War of the Austrian Succession

text: Bavaria

text: Rhine

text: Scotland

text: Jacobite rising of 1745

text: Seven Years' War

text: French and Indian War

text: Russia

text: Catherine the Great

text: Fourth Russo-Turkish War

text: Great Britain

text: American War of Independence

text: Battle of Brooklyn

text: Battle of White Plains

text: Battle of Long Island

text: Battle of Trenton

text: George Washington

text: crossed the Delaware River

text: John Honeyman

text: loyalist

text: First Presbyterian Church

text: Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption

text: Trenton Historical Society

categories: 1726 births,British military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War,Personnel of German units of the American Revolutionary War,1776 deaths

paragraph: Johann Rall

paragraph: Johann Gottlieb Rall (also spelled Rahl) (ca. 1726 – December 27, 1776) was a German colonel best known for his command of Hessian troops at the Battle of Trenton during the American Revolutionary War.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Rall was born as a so-called "soldier child" in about 1726. He was a son of Captain Joachim Rall from Stralsund, who served in the regiment of Major General Donop. The first mention of Johann Rall was as a new cadet of the same regiment on March 1, 1740, commanded at this time by Colonel Prince Casimir von Isenburg of Isenburg-Birstein.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In Hessian service, he was promoted to ensign on July 25, 1741; to lieutenant on August 28, 1745; and to captain on May 10, 1753. Rall was promoted to major on May 7, 1760, under Major General Bischhausen and transferred in January 1763 to the Stein garrison regiment, where he was appointed lieutenant colonel. On April 22, 1771, he was transferred to the Mansbach Infantry Regiment as a colonel. He became commander of the regiment in January 1772.

paragraph: During this time, Rall fought in the War of the Austrian Succession and participated in campaigns in Bavaria, on the Rhine, in the Netherlands, and served in Scotland during the Jacobite rising of 1745. He fought in the Seven Years' War (also called the French and Indian War) and was involved in many battles. From September 1771 until August 1772, he was in Russia and fought for Catherine the Great under Count Orlov in the Fourth Russo-Turkish War.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:American Revolutionary War.

paragraph: By 1776, Rall belonged to the infantry regiment of the 1st Division under General Phillip Leopold von Heister and commanded a Hessian Brigade of approximately 1,200 men fighting for Great Britain in the American War of Independence. He was at the Battle of Brooklyn at Flatbush, the Battle of White Plains, Battle of Long Island, and figured prominently in the Battle of Trenton.

paragraph: On the night of December 25–26, 1776 General George Washington crossed the Delaware River with his troops on the way to Trenton, New Jersey. The Hessian regiments, camped in and around Trenton commanded by Rall, were attacked and decisively defeated by the American Continental Army. The Hessians had supposedly let their guard down to celebrate the Christmas holiday, and (legend has it) Rall himself was misled by John Honeyman, a spy of Washington who convincingly posed as a loyalist.

paragraph: According to one account, Rall was busy playing chess or cards the night before the attack at the home of Trenton merchant Abraham Hunt when he was handed a note from a local Loyalist who had seen Washington's forces gathering. Because he was paying such careful attention to the game, upon receiving the message, he placed it in his coat pocket without reading it.

paragraph: While leading his troops during the battle, Rall was mortally wounded. He was shot twice in the side and needed to be carried back to his headquarters set up in the house of Stacy Potts (a distinguished member of the Trenton community) where he died that night. Before his death he requested a formal surrender to Washington. The note informing the colonel of the attack was later found in his coat pocket.

paragraph: According to local tradition, Rall is buried in an unidentified grave in the churchyard of the First Presbyterian Church on East State Street in Trenton, where an inscription is dedicated to his memory.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption – Site of his headquarters in Trenton, New Jersey

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- General

paragraph: BULLET::::- Donald N. Moran, "Johann Gottlieb Rall: Guilty of Tactical Negligence or Guiltless Circumstances?"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trenton Historical Society

alias:
Johann Gottlieb Rall
Johann Gottlieb Rahl

description: German colonel in North America

wikidata_label: Johann Rall

wikipedia_title: Johann Rall


text:
hardstyle
Tiesto
Elements of Life
"Adagio For Strings"
software
Istanbul, Turkey
Q
PoweerFM
Turkey
Bodrum

categories: Living people,Turkish musicians,Turkish DJs

paragraph: Onur Sasmaz

paragraph: Onur Sasmaz, commonly known by his stage name DJ Onur or DJ Sasmaz, is a Turkish DJ/producer. He is best known for the live performing. Starting out with techno and subsequently moving to hardstyle, they eventually worked in other EDM styles including progressive/electro house.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: Sasmaz's passion for music started at the age of 3 through learning to play Piano. By the age of 8 (in 2004) he had expressed interest in becoming a DJ after seeing DJ Tiesto playing at the Elements of Life. Onur took particular inspiration from the track "Adagio For Strings", prompting him to download specialist software and enabling him to start composing. Sasmaz uses multiple aliases, however DJ Onur is one of them. He also ghost writes tracks for other artists, despite this, he never published his own track to the public.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: DJ Onur was born in Istanbul, Turkey. While a teenager in Istanbul, he began spinning turntables for house parties. His club career began on Club Q. Later, he joined the one of the biggest radio station PoweerFM in Turkey .Sasmaz became the member of UDC and he continued to organise parties there and in other clubs, such as the "W" parties in Bodrum.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- /ref

wikidata_label: Onur Sasmaz

wikipedia_title: Onur Sasmaz


text: Koine Greek

text: Hebrew

text: Second Temple

text: Jerusalem

text: minor prophets

text: Hebrew Bible

text: Book of Haggai

text: Zechariah

text: Malachi

text: Jewish history

text: captivity

text: Babylon

text: captives taken to Babylon

text: Nebuchadnezzar

text: return of the Jews to Judah

text: temple

text: Samaritan

text: Darius I

text: Book of Esther

text: eunuch

text: Queen

text: Zerubbabel

text: Joshua the High Priest

text: Great Assembly

text: Babylonian Talmud

text: levirate marriage

text: School of Hillel

text: School of Shammai

text: Ammon

text: Moab

text: poor man's tithe

text: Sabbatical year

text: Tadmor

text: Ḳardu

text: Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar

text: saint

text: feast day

text: Julian Calendar

text: Gregorian Calendar

text: Nativity of the Lord

text: Minor prophet

text: Calendar of saints

text: Armenian Apostolic Church

text: Holy Royal Arch

text: Zerubbabel

text: Book of Haggai

text: Prophet Haggai

text: icon

text: synaxarion

categories: Christian saints from the Old Testament,6th-century BC writers

paragraph: Haggai

paragraph: Haggai (; – "Ḥaggay"; Koine Greek: Ἀγγαῖος; ) was a Hebrew prophet during the building of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, and one of the twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the author of the Book of Haggai. He is known for his prophecy in 520 BCE, commanding the Jews to rebuild the Temple. His name means "my holiday." He was the first of three post-exile prophets from the Neo-Babylonian Exile of the House of Judah (with Zechariah, his contemporary, and Malachi, who lived about one hundred years later), who belonged to the period of Jewish history which began after the return from captivity in Babylon.

paragraph: Scarcely anything is known of his personal history. He may have been one of the captives taken to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. He began God’s prophesy about sixteen years after the return of the Jews to Judah (ca. 520 BCE). The work of rebuilding the temple had been put to a stop through the intrigues of the Samaritans. After having been suspended for eighteen years, the work was resumed through the efforts of Haggai and Zechariah. They exhorted the people, which roused them from their lethargy, and induced them to take advantage of a change in the policy of the Persian government under Darius I.

paragraph: The name Haggai, with various vocalizations, is also found in the Book of Esther, as a eunuch servant of the Queen.

paragraph: Section::::Haggai Prophecies.

paragraph: Haggai prophesied in 520 BCE Jerusalem, about the people needing to complete building the Temple. The new Temple was bound to exceed the awesomeness of the previous Temple. He claimed if the Temple was not built there would be poverty, famine and drought affecting the Jewish nation.

paragraph: There is a controversy regarding who edited Haggai's works. According to scholars, they credit it to his students. However, Jewish Tradition believe, that the Men of the Great Assembly were responsible for the edits. The Men of the Great Assembly are traditionally known for continuing the work of Ezra and Nehemiah.

paragraph: Section::::Haggai and officials of his time.

paragraph: Haggai supported the officials of his time, specifically Zerubbabel, the governor, and Joshua the High Priest. In the Book of Haggai, God refers to Zerubbabel as "my servant" as King David was, and says he will make him as a "signet ring," as King Jehoiachin was (; cf. ). The signet ring symbolized a ring worn on the hand of Yahweh, showing that a king held divine favour. Thus, Haggai is implicitly, but not explicitly, saying that Zerubbabel would preside over a restored Davidic kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Jewish Persian Diplomacy.

paragraph: The Persian Empire was growing weak, and Haggai saw time as an opportunity to restore the Davidic Kingdom. He believed that the Kingdom of David was able to rise and take back their part in Jewish issues. Haggai’s message was directed to the nobles and Zerubbabel, as he would be the first Davidic monarch restored. He saw this as important because the Kingdom would be an end to Jewish Idol worship.

paragraph: Section::::Haggai in Jewish tradition.

paragraph: Haggai, in rabbinic writing, is often referred to as one of the men of the Great Assembly. The Babylonian Talmud (5th century CE) mentions a tradition concerning the prophet Haggai, saying that he gave instruction concerning three things: (a) that it is not lawful for a man whose brother married his daughter (as a co-wife in a polygamous relationship) to consummate a levirate marriage with one of his deceased brother's co-wives (a teaching accepted by the School of Hillel, but rejected by the School of Shammai); (b) that Jews living in the regions of Ammon and Moab separate from their produce the poor man's tithe during the Sabbatical year; (c) that they accept of proselytes from the peoples of Tadmor (Palmyra) and from the people of Ḳardu.

paragraph: Section::::Liturgical commemoration.

paragraph: On the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar, Haggai is commemorated as a saint and prophet. His feast day is 16 December (for those churches which follow the traditional Julian Calendar, 16 December currently falls on 29 December of the modern Gregorian Calendar). He is also commemorated, in common with the other righteous persons of the Old Testament, on the Sunday of the Holy Fathers (the Sunday before the Nativity of the Lord).

paragraph: Haggai is commemorated with the other Minor prophets in the Calendar of saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on 31 July.

paragraph: Section::::Haggai in Freemasonry.

paragraph: In the Masonic degree of Holy Royal Arch Haggai is one of the Three Principals of the Chapter. Named after Haggai the prophet and accompanies Zerubbabel, Prince of the People, and Joshua, the son of Josedech, the High Priest.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book of Haggai

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tomb of the Prophets Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prophet Haggai Orthodox icon and synaxarion

description: Hebrew prophet

wikidata_label: Haggai

wikipedia_title: Haggai


text: Emperor

text: Byzantine Empire

text: Heraclius the Elder

text: exarch of Africa

text: Phocas

text: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

text: Bosphorus

text: Constantinople

text: Asia Minor

text: Battle of Nineveh

text: Khosrow II

text: Kavadh II

text: Muslim conquests

text: Arabian Peninsula

text: Sasanian Empire

text: Roman Syria

text: Theodore

text: Mesopotamia

text: Armenia

text: Egypt

text: Croats

text: Serbs

text: Balkans

text: Monophysite

text: Monothelitism

text: Church of the East

text: Heraclius the Elder

text: Armenian

text: Cappadocia

text: Arsacid

text: Maurice's

text: Bahram Chobin

text: Sasanian Empire

text: Exarch

text: Africa

text: Phocas

text: consul

text: Nicetas

text: Egypt

text: Bonosus

text: Sicily

text: Cyprus

text: Constantinople

text: aristocrats

text: Excubitors

text: Priscus

text: Great Palace

text: Eudokia

text: Martina

text: incest

text: Patriarch

text: Balkan Campaigns

text: Maurice

text: Phocas

text: Khosrow II

text: Sasanian Empire

text: Mesopotamia

text: Theodosius

text: Nicetas

text: Egypt

text: Carthage

text: Caucasus

text: Antioch

text: Shahrbaraz

text: Shahin

text: Chalcedon

text: Bosporus

text: Palestine

text: Avars

text: Slavs

text: Balkans

text: Damascus

text: Jew

text: Jerusalem

text: Church of the Holy Sepulchre

text: True Cross

text: Egypt

text: Chalcedon

text: Sebeos

text: client state

text: Patriarch Sergius

text: Bonus

text: Bithynia

text: acheiropoietos

text: Martina

text: Easter

text: Shahraplakan

text: Visigoths

text: Cartagena

text: Spania

text: Justinian I

text: besieged Constantinople

text: Gokturks

text: Western Turkic Khaganate

text: Ziebel

text: invaded Persian Transcaucasia

text: Rhahzadh

text: Battle of Nineveh

text: Dastagird

text: Kavadh II

text: True Cross

text: Jerusalem

text: King of Kings

text: Basileus

text: Augustus

text: Armenian

text: Kavadh II

text: Ardashir III

text: Shahrbaraz

text: Purandokht

text: Azarmidokht

text: Yazdgerd III

text: Islam

text: Muslim conquest of Persia

text: fall of the Sasanian dynasty

text: Muhammad

text: Arabian Peninsula

text: Islam

text: Battle of Mu'tah

text: Arabia

text: Ghassanid

text: Strategicon of Maurice

text: manual of war

text: Arabs

text: Arabah

text: Lake Tiberias

text: Al Karak

text: Negev

text: Gaza

text: Battle of Yarmouk

text: Levant

text: Asia Minor

text: Carthage

text: Christ

text: Monophysite

text: Council of Chalcedon

text: Monothelitism

text: heretical

text: Latin

text: Croats

text: Serbs

text: Byzantine Dalmatia

text: foederati

text: Pope John IV

text: Duke Porga and his Croats

text: Slavic paganism

text: sakellarios

text: Thematic system

text: Constans II

text: Edward Gibbon

text: True Cross

text: Baghdad

text: Kavadh II

text: Jerusalem

text: Golden Legend

text: The History of the True Cross

text: fresco

text: Piero della Francesca

text: Arezzo

text: Adam Elsheimer

text: Städel

text: Constantine I

text: Saint Helena

text: Late Antique

text: Colossus of Barletta

text: Constantin Zuckerman

text: Shahrvaraz

text: Surah 30

text: Arabic literature

text: hadith

text: sira

text: Swahili

text: Utendi wa Tambuka

text: epic poem

text: Pate

text: Kenya

text: Ibn Kathir

text: Muhammad

text: kerygma

text: Fabia Eudokia

text: Martina

text: Eudoxia Epiphania

text: Constantine III

text: disabled

text: paralyzed

text: deaf-mute

text: Shahrbaraz

text: Heraclius Constantine (Constantine III)

text: Constantine Heraclius (Heraklonas)

text: John Athalarichos

text: David Saharuni

text: nose and hands cut off

text: exile

text: Prinkipo

text: Princes' Islands

text: Gozo Island

text: devised

text: Cathedral of Mren

text: Flavia (gens)

text: List of Byzantine emperors

text: Revolt against Heraclius

text: "Heraclius"

categories: Leaders who took power by coup,7th-century Byzantine emperors,Armenian Byzantine emperors,Flavii,Byzantine Cappadocians,People of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628,630s in the Byzantine Empire,Heraclius,Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars,610s in the Byzantine Empire,640s in the Byzantine Empire,Dhul-Qarnayn,Imperial Roman consuls,641 deaths,575 births,620s in the Byzantine Empire,Byzantine generals

paragraph: Heraclius

paragraph: Heraclius (, , "Flavios Iraklios"; c. 575 – February 11, 641) was the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 610 to 641. His rise to power began in 608, when he and his father, Heraclius the Elder, the exarch of Africa, led a revolt against the unpopular usurper Phocas.

paragraph: Heraclius's reign was marked by several military campaigns. The year Heraclius came to power, the empire was threatened on multiple frontiers. Heraclius immediately took charge of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628. The first battles of the campaign ended in defeat for the Byzantines; the Persian army fought their way to the Bosphorus but Constantinople was protected by impenetrable walls and a strong navy, and Heraclius was able to avoid total defeat. Soon after, he initiated reforms to rebuild and strengthen the military. Heraclius drove the Persians out of Asia Minor and pushed deep into their territory, defeating them decisively in 627 at the Battle of Nineveh. The Persian king Khosrow II was overthrown and executed by his son Kavadh II, who soon sued for a peace treaty, agreeing to withdraw from all occupied territory. This way peaceful relations were restored to the two deeply strained empires.

paragraph: Heraclius lost many of his newly-regained lands to the Muslim conquests. Emerging from the Arabian Peninsula, the Muslims quickly conquered the Sasanian Empire. In 634 the Muslims marched into Roman Syria, defeating Heraclius's brother Theodore. Within a short period of time, the Arabs conquered Mesopotamia, Armenia and Egypt.

paragraph: Heraclius entered diplomatic relations with the Croats and Serbs in the Balkans. He tried to repair the schism in the Christian church in regard to the Monophysites, by promoting a compromise doctrine called Monothelitism. The Church of the East (commonly called Nestorian) was also involved in the process. Eventually this project of unity was rejected by all sides of the dispute.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Origins.

paragraph: Heraclius was the eldest son of Heraclius the Elder and Epiphania, of a family of possible Armenian origin from Cappadocia, with speculative Arsacid descent. Beyond that, there is little specific information known about his ancestry. His father was a key general during Emperor Maurice's war with Bahram Chobin, usurper of the Sasanian Empire, during 590. After the war, Maurice appointed Heraclius the Elder to the position of Exarch of Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Revolt against Phocas and accession.

paragraph: In 608, Heraclius the Elder renounced his loyalty to the Emperor Phocas, who had overthrown Maurice six years earlier. The rebels issued coins showing both Heraclii dressed as consuls, though neither of them explicitly claimed the imperial title at this time. Heraclius's younger cousin Nicetas launched an overland invasion of Egypt; by 609, he had defeated Phocas's general Bonosus and secured the province. Meanwhile, the younger Heraclius sailed eastward with another force via Sicily and Cyprus.

paragraph: As he approached Constantinople, he made contact with prominent leaders and planned an attack to overthrow aristocrats in the city, and soon arranged a ceremony where he was crowned and acclaimed as Emperor. When he reached the capital, the Excubitors, an elite Imperial Guard unit led by Phocas's son-in-law Priscus, deserted to Heraclius, and he entered the city without serious resistance. When Heraclius captured Phocas, he asked him "Is this how you have ruled, wretch?" Phocas's reply—"And will you rule better?"—so enraged Heraclius that he beheaded Phocas on the spot. He later had the genitalia removed from the body because Phocas had raped the wife of Photius, a powerful politician in the city.

paragraph: On October 5, 610, Heraclius was crowned for a second time, this time in the Chapel of St. Stephen within the Great Palace; at the same time he married Fabia, who took the name Eudokia. After her death in 612, he married his niece Martina in 613; this second marriage was considered incestuous and was very unpopular. In the reign of Heraclius's two sons, the divisive Martina was to become the center of power and political intrigue. Despite widespread hatred for Martina in Constantinople, Heraclius took her on campaigns with him and refused attempts by Patriarch Sergius to prevent and later dissolve the marriage.

paragraph: Section::::Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628.:Initial Persian advantage.

paragraph: During his Balkan Campaigns, Emperor Maurice and his family were murdered by Phocas in November 602 after a mutiny. Khosrow II (Chosroes) of the Sasanian Empire had been restored to his throne by Maurice, and they had remained allies until the latter's death. Thereafter, Khosrow seized the opportunity to attack the Byzantine Empire and reconquer Mesopotamia. Khosrow had at his court a man who claimed to be Maurice's son Theodosius, and Khosrow demanded that the Byzantines accept this Theodosius as Emperor.

paragraph: The war initially went the Persians' way, partly because of Phocas's brutal repression and the succession crisis that ensued as the general Heraclius sent his nephew Nicetas to attack Egypt, enabling his son Heraclius the younger to claim the throne in 610. Phocas, an unpopular ruler who is invariably described in historical sources as a "tyrant" (in its original meaning of the word, i.e. illegitimate king by the rules of succession), was eventually deposed by Heraclius, who sailed to Constantinople from Carthage with an icon affixed to the prow of his ship.

paragraph: By this time, the Persians had conquered Mesopotamia and the Caucasus, and in 611 they overran Syria and entered Anatolia. A major counter-attack led by Heraclius two years later was decisively defeated outside Antioch by Shahrbaraz and Shahin, and the Roman position collapsed; the Persians devastated parts of Asia Minor and captured Chalcedon across from Constantinople on the Bosporus.

paragraph: Over the following decade the Persians were able to conquer Palestine and Egypt (by mid-621 the whole province was in their hands) and to devastate Anatolia, while the Avars and Slavs took advantage of the situation to overrun the Balkans, bringing the Empire to the brink of destruction. In 613, the Persian army took Damascus with the help of the Jews, seized Jerusalem in 614, damaging the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and capturing the True Cross, and afterwards capturing Egypt in 617 or 618. When the Sasanians reached Chalcedon in 615, it was at this point, according to Sebeos, that Heraclius had agreed to stand down and was about ready to allow the Byzantine Empire to become a Persian client state, even permitting Khosrow II to choose the emperor. In a letter delivered by his ambassadors, Heraclius acknowledged the Persian empire as superior, described himself as Khosrow II's "obedient son, one who is eager to perform the services of your serenity in all things," and even called Khosrow II the "supreme emperor." Khosrow II nevertheless rejected the peace offer, and arrested Heraclius' ambassadors.

paragraph: With the Persians at the very gate of Constantinople, Heraclius thought of abandoning the city and moving the capital to Carthage, but the powerful church figure Patriarch Sergius convinced him to stay. Safe behind the walls of Constantinople, Heraclius was able to sue for peace in exchange for an annual tribute of a thousand talents of gold, a thousand talents of silver, a thousand silk robes, a thousand horses, and a thousand virgins to the Persian King. The peace allowed him to rebuild the Empire's army by slashing non-military expenditure, devaluing the currency, and melting down, with the backing of Patriarch Sergius, Church treasures to raise the necessary funds to continue the war.

paragraph: Section::::Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628.:Byzantine counter-offensive and resurgence.

paragraph: On April 5, 622, Heraclius left Constantinople, entrusting the city to Sergius and general Bonus as regents of his son. He assembled his forces in Asia Minor, probably in Bithynia, and, after he revived their broken morale, he launched a new counter-offensive, which took on the character of a holy war; an acheiropoietos image of Christ was carried as a military standard.

paragraph: The Roman army proceeded to Armenia, inflicted a defeat on an army led by a Persian-allied Arab chief, and then won a victory over the Persians under Shahrbaraz. Heraclius would stay on campaign for several years. On March 25, 624 he again left Constantinople with his wife, Martina, and his two children; after he celebrated Easter in Nicomedia on April 15, he campaigned in the Caucasus, winning a series of victories in Armenia against Khosrow and his generals Shahrbaraz, Shahin, and Shahraplakan. In the same year the Visigoths succeeded in recapturing Cartagena, capital of the western Byzantine province of Spania, resulting in the loss of one of the few minor provinces that had been conquered by the armies of Justinian I. In 626 the Avars and Slavs supported by a Persian army commanded by Shahrbaraz, besieged Constantinople, but the siege ended in failure (the victory was attributed to the icons of the Virgin which were led in procession by Sergius about the walls of the city), while a second Persian army under Shahin suffered another crushing defeat at the hands of Heraclius's brother Theodore.

paragraph: With the Persian war effort disintegrating, Heraclius was able to bring the Gokturks of the Western Turkic Khaganate, under Ziebel, who invaded Persian Transcaucasia. Heraclius exploited divisions within the Persian Empire, keeping Shahrbaraz neutral by convincing him that Khosrow had grown jealous of him and had ordered his execution. Late in 627 he launched a winter offensive into Mesopotamia, where, despite the desertion of his Turkish allies, he defeated the Persians under Rhahzadh at the Battle of Nineveh. Continuing south along the Tigris he sacked Khosrow's great palace at Dastagird and was only prevented from attacking Ctesiphon by the destruction of the bridges on the Nahrawan Canal. Discredited by this series of disasters, Khosrow was overthrown and killed in a coup led by his son Kavadh II, who at once sued for peace, agreeing to withdraw from all occupied territories. In 629 Heraclius restored the True Cross to Jerusalem in a majestic ceremony.

paragraph: Heraclius took for himself the ancient Persian title of "King of Kings" after his victory. Later on, starting in 629, he styled himself as "Basileus", the Greek word for "sovereign", and that title was used by the Roman Emperors for the next 800 years. The reason Heraclius chose this title over previous Roman terms such as Augustus has been attributed by some scholars to his Armenian origins.

paragraph: Heraclius's defeat of the Persians ended a war that had been going on intermittently for almost 400 years and led to instability in the Persian Empire. Kavadh II died only months after assuming the throne, plunging Persia into several years of dynastic turmoil and civil war. Ardashir III, Heraclius's ally Shahrbaraz, and Khosrow's daughters Purandokht and Azarmidokht all succeeded to the throne within months of each other. Only when Yazdgerd III, a grandson of Khosrow II, succeeded to the throne in 632 was there stability. But by then the Sasanid Empire was severely disorganised, having been weakened by years of war and civil strife over the succession to the throne.

paragraph: The war had been devastating, and left the Byzantines in a much-weakened state. Within a few years both empires were overwhelmed by the onslaught of the Arabs, who had become newly united by Islam, ultimately leading to the Muslim conquest of Persia and the fall of the Sasanian dynasty in 651.

paragraph: Section::::War against the Arabs.

paragraph: By 629, the Islamic Prophet Muhammad had unified all the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula, previously too divided to pose a serious military challenge to the Byzantines or the Persians. Now animated by their conversion to Islam, they comprised one of the most powerful states in the region. The first conflict between the Byzantines and Muslims was the Battle of Mu'tah in September 629. A small Muslim skirmishing force attacked the province of Arabia in response to the Muslim ambassador's murder at the hands of the Ghassanid Roman governor, but were repulsed. Because the engagement was a Byzantine victory, there was no apparent reason to make changes to the military organization of the region. Also, the Byzantines had had little battlefield experience with the Arabs, and even less with zealous soldiers united by a prophet. Even the Strategicon of Maurice, a manual of war praised for the variety of enemies it covers, does not mention warfare against Arabs at any length.

paragraph: The following year the Muslims launched an offensive into the Arabah south of Lake Tiberias, taking Al Karak. Other raids penetrated into the Negev, reaching as far as Gaza. The Battle of Yarmouk in 636 resulted in a crushing defeat for the larger Byzantine army; within three years, the Levant had been lost again. By the time of Heraclius's death in Constantinople, on February 11, 641, most of Egypt had fallen as well.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Looking back at the reign of Heraclius, scholars have credited him with many accomplishments. He enlarged the Empire, and his reorganization of the government and military were great successes. His attempts at religious harmony failed, but he succeeded in returning the True Cross, one of the holiest Christian relics, to Jerusalem.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Accomplishments.

paragraph: Although the territorial gains produced by his defeat of the Persians were lost to the advance of the Muslims, Heraclius still ranks among the great Roman Emperors. His reforms of the government reduced the corruption which had taken hold in Phocas's reign, and he reorganized the military with great success. Ultimately, the reformed Imperial army halted the Muslims in Asia Minor and held on to Carthage for another 60 years, saving a core from which the empire's strength could be rebuilt.

paragraph: The recovery of the eastern areas of the Roman Empire from the Persians once again raised the problem of religious unity centering on the understanding of the true nature of Christ. Most of the inhabitants of these provinces were Monophysites who rejected the Council of Chalcedon. Heraclius tried to promote a compromise doctrine called Monothelitism but this philosophy was rejected as heretical by both sides of the dispute. For this reason, Heraclius was viewed as a heretic and bad ruler by some later religious writers. After the Monophysite provinces were finally lost to the Muslims, Monotheletism rather lost its "raison d'être" and was eventually abandoned.

paragraph: One of the most important legacies of Heraclius was changing the official language of the Empire from Latin to Greek in 620. The Croats and Serbs of Byzantine Dalmatia initiated diplomatic relations and dependencies with Heraclius. The Serbs, who briefly lived in Macedonia, became "foederati" and were baptized at the request of Heraclius (before 626). At his request, Pope John IV (640–642) sent Christian teachers and missionaries to Duke Porga and his Croats, who practiced Slavic paganism. He also created the office of sakellarios, a comptroller of the treasury.

paragraph: Up to the 20th century he was credited with establishing the Thematic system but modern scholarship now points more to the 660s, under Constans II.

paragraph: Edward Gibbon, in "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", wrote:

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Recovery of the True Cross.

paragraph: Heraclius was long remembered favourably by the Western church for his reputed recovery of the True Cross from the Persians. As Heraclius approached the Persian capital during the final stages of the war, Khosrow fled from his favourite residence, Dastagird near Baghdad, without offering resistance. Meanwhile, some of the Persian grandees freed Khosrow's eldest son Kavadh II, who had been imprisoned by his father, and proclaimed him King on the night of 23–24 February, 628. Kavadh, however, was mortally ill and was anxious that Heraclius should protect his infant son Ardeshir. So, as a goodwill gesture, he sent the True Cross with a negotiator in 628.

paragraph: After a tour of the Empire, Heraclius returned the cross to Jerusalem on March 21, 629 or 630. For Christians of Western Medieval Europe, Heraclius was the "first crusader". The iconography of the emperor appeared in the sanctuary at Mont Saint-Michel (ca. 1060), and then it became popular, especially in France, the Italian Peninsula, and the Holy Roman Empire. The story was included in the "Golden Legend", the famous 13th-century compendium of hagiography, and he is sometimes shown in art, as in "The History of the True Cross" sequence of frescoes painted by Piero della Francesca in Arezzo, and a similar sequence on a small altarpiece by Adam Elsheimer (Städel, Frankfurt). Both of these show scenes of Heraclius and Constantine I's mother Saint Helena, traditionally responsible for the excavation of the cross. The scene usually shown is Heraclius carrying the cross; according to the "Golden Legend", he insisted on doing this as he entered Jerusalem, against the advice of the Patriarch. At first, when he was on horseback (shown above), the burden was too heavy, but after he dismounted and removed his crown it became miraculously light, and the barred city gate opened of its own accord.

paragraph: Probably because he was one of the few Eastern Roman Emperors widely known in the West, the Late Antique Colossus of Barletta was considered to depict Heraclius.

paragraph: Some scholars disagree with this narrative, Professor Constantin Zuckerman going as far as to suggest that the True Cross was actually lost, and that the wood contained in the allegedly-still-sealed reliquary brought to Jerusalem by Heraclius in 629 was a fake. In his analysis, the hoax was designed to serve the political purposes of both Heraclius and his former foe, the Persian general Shahrvaraz.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Islamic view of Heraclius.

paragraph: In Surah 30, the Qur'an refers to the Roman-Sasanian wars as follows:

paragraph: 30:2 "The Romans have been defeated" 3 "In the nearest land. But they, after their defeat, will overcome." 4 "Within several years."

paragraph: In Islamic and Arab histories Heraclius is the only Roman Emperor who is discussed at any length. Owing to his role as the Roman Emperor at the time Islam emerged, he was remembered in Arabic literature, such as the Islamic hadith and sira.

paragraph: The Swahili "Utendi wa Tambuka", an epic poem composed in 1728 at Pate Island (off the shore of present-day Kenya) and depicting the wars between the Muslims and Byzantines from the former's point of view, is also known as "Kyuo kya Hereḳali" ("The Book of Heraclius"). In that work, Heraclius is portrayed as declining the Prophet's request to renounce his belief in Christianity; he is therefore defeated by the Muslim forces.

paragraph: In Muslim tradition he is seen as a just ruler of great piety, who had direct contact with the emerging Islamic forces. The 14th-century scholar Ibn Kathir (d. 1373) went even further, stating that "Heraclius was one of the wisest men and among the most resolute, shrewd, deep and opinionated of kings. He ruled the Romans with great leadership and splendor." Historians such as Nadia Maria El-Cheikh and Lawrence Conrad note that Islamic histories even go so far as claiming that Heraclius recognized Islam as the true faith and Muhammad as its prophet, by comparing Islam to Christianity.

paragraph: Islamic historians often cite a letter that they claim Heraclius wrote to Muhammad: "I have received your letter with your ambassador and I testify that you are the messenger of God found in our New Testament. Jesus, son of Mary, announced you." According to the Muslim sources reported by El-Cheikh, he tried to convert the ruling class of the Empire, but they resisted so strongly that he reversed his course and claimed that he was just testing their faith in Christianity. El-Cheikh notes that these accounts of Heraclius add "little to our historical knowledge" of the emperor; rather, they are an important part of "Islamic kerygma," attempting to legitimize Muhammad's status as a prophet.

paragraph: Most scholarly historians view such traditions as "profoundly kerygmatic" and that "enormous difficulties" exist in using these sources for actual history. Furthermore, they argue that any messengers sent by Muhammad to Heraclius would not have received an imperial audience or recognition. Outside of Islamic sources there is no evidence to suggest Heraclius ever heard of Islam. and it is possible that he and his advisors actually viewed the Muslims as some special sect of Jews.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Heraclius was married twice: first to Fabia Eudokia, a daughter of Rogatus, and then to his niece Martina. He had two children with Fabia (Eudoxia Epiphania and Emperor Constantine III) and at least nine with Martina, most of whom were sickly children. Of Martina's children at least two were disabled, which was seen as punishment for the illegality of the marriage: Fabius (Flavius) had a paralyzed neck and Theodosios was a deaf-mute. The latter married Nike, daughter of the Persian general Shahrbaraz, or daughter of Niketas, cousin of Heraclius.

paragraph: Two of Heraclius's children would become Emperor: Heraclius Constantine (Constantine III), his son from Eudokia, for four months in 641, and Martina's son Constantine Heraclius (Heraklonas), in 638–641.

paragraph: Heraclius had at least one illegitimate son, John Athalarichos, who conspired against Heraclius with his cousin, the magister Theodorus, and the Armenian noble David Saharuni. When Heraclius discovered the plot, he had Athalarichos's nose and hands cut off, and he was exiled to Prinkipo, one of the Princes' Islands. Theodorus had the same treatment but was sent to Gaudomelete (possibly modern-day Gozo Island) with additional instructions to cut off one leg.

paragraph: During the last years of Heraclius's life, it became evident that a struggle was taking place between Heraclius Constantine and Martina, who was trying to position her son Heraklonas to assume the throne. When Heraclius died, he devised the empire to both Heraclius Constantine and Heraklonas to rule jointly with Martina as Empress.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cathedral of Mren

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flavia (gens)

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Byzantine emperors

paragraph: BULLET::::- Non-Muslim interactants with Muslims during Muhammad's era

paragraph: BULLET::::- Revolt against Heraclius

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- }

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heraclius" at "De Imperatoribus Romanis"—online encyclopedia of Roman Emperors

description: Byzantine Emperor  610–641

wikidata_label: Heraclius

wikipedia_title: Heraclius


text: Gustav Klimt

text: Modigliani

text: Rembrandt

text: Andrei Rublev

text: Pheophan Grek

text: icon

text: Kamchatka

text: Kremlin

text: Boris Yeltsin

text: Viktor Chernomyrdin

text: Sausalito

text: La Jolla

text: Sergey Smirnov

text: О художнике Сергее Смирнове

text: Galerie Natalie Boldyreff

text: Fingerhut Art

text: Kavanaugh Art Gallery

text: Art Brokerage

text: Diva Art Group

text: Paragon Fine Art

text: Gasparini Art Gallery

categories: 21st-century Russian painters,Russian male painters,1953 births,20th-century Russian painters

paragraph: Sergey Ivanovich Smirnov

paragraph: Sergey Ivanovich Smirnov (), 12 April 1953 – 8 November 2006, was a Russian artist.

paragraph: In looking at his art, one can easily appreciate that Smirnov ranks Gustav Klimt, the Austrian painter whose images were a cornerstone of the art nouveau movement, as an important influence. He also cites Modigliani and Rembrandt as major influences, as well as Andrei Rublev and Pheophan Grek, who were celebrated masters of Slavic icon painting. Smirnov’s style has echoes of his favorite period of Russian art, known as “parsuna”, which bridged the worlds of religious and personal portraiture, as Russian painters began adopting the portrait painting styles of Western European salons. “Parsuna”, which is derived from the Latin persona, means mask, and the hybrid imagery, first used in the 17th century, re-mains in play to this day in the art of Sergey Smirnov.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sergey Smirnov was born in 1953, in an area of Russia bordering the Pacific Ocean known as the Kamchatka Peninsula. His father was an army officer. In his late teen years, Smirnov and his family settled in Moscow.

paragraph: In 1979, Smirnov began to take classes at the Moscow City Art College. He graduated from the art college in 1984 as class valedictorian, with a master’s degree in art. His remarkable skill in church and cathedral renovation, led to a position as a restorer of aging and antique church icons and frescoes.

paragraph: In 1988, Smirnov became a member of the International Federation of Artists and National Artists’ Union of Russia. Starting in 1991, Smirnov served as chief editor for the Advertising and Image Creation Corporation of the Russian government’s International Trade Corporation. Smirnov designed and developed logos and graphics for a wide variety of Russian corporations, winning countless national and international awards for his work. But in 1994 this spirit moved him to devote himself entirely to painting. He became the regular participant of international solo and group exhibitions.

paragraph: In 1996, Smirnov exhibited at the Orlean House in London. In 1997, Smirnov was honored as only the third living artist to have a personal exhibit in the Kremlin’s Manezh, which ranks as one of the most prestigious art galleries in the world. Smirnov has been avidly collected throughout the world, and his art is included in several noteworthy Russian collections, including those of former Russian President Boris Yeltsin, former Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, former Minister of Defense Evgeny Shaposhnikov and many others.

paragraph: In July 2001, he signed a contract with Fingerhut Group Publishers, California. From 2001 to 2006, Smirnov’s paintings were exhibited in the Fingerhut Galleries in California. Fingerhut Group releases graphic limited editions.

paragraph: Sergey Smirnov died suddenly of a heart attack on November 8, 2006 in Sausalito while coming to his solo exhibition in La Jolla.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sergey Smirnov

paragraph: BULLET::::- Калифорнийский взлет русского художника. Иные берега №3(7), 2007 год

paragraph: BULLET::::- Неевклидова геометрия Сергея Cмиpнова. Учительская газета № 16, 29 апреля 1997 года

paragraph: BULLET::::- О художнике Сергее Смирнове

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galerie Natalie Boldyreff

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fingerhut Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kavanaugh Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Brokerage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diva Art Group

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paragon Fine Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gasparini Art Gallery

description: Russian artist

wikidata_label: Sergey Ivanovich Smirnov

wikipedia_title: Sergey Ivanovich Smirnov


text:
Satavahana
Deccan
Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi
Gautamiputra Satakarni
Western Kshatrapas
Rudradaman I
Kanheri

paragraph: Vashishtiputra Satakarni

paragraph: Vashishtiputra Sātakarni was a Satavahana king, who ruled the Deccan region in India, during the 2nd century CE. He was the brother of Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi, his regnal successor, and the son of the great Satavahana conqueror Gautamiputra Satakarni. His reign is dated variously: 138-145 CE, or 158-165 CE.

paragraph: Vashishtiputra Sātakarni was in great conflict with the Scythian Western Kshatrapas in the West, but he eventually married the daughter of Rudradaman I of the Western Kshatrapa dynasty, in order to forge an alliance. The inscription relating the marriage between Rudradaman I's daughter and Vashishtiputra Satakarni appears in a cave at Kanheri:

paragraph: Later however, he was defeated by his father-in-law in battle, with serious effect on Sātavāhana power and prestige:

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India (Madras, 1976).

wikidata_label: Vashishtiputra Satakarni

wikipedia_title: Vashishtiputra Satakarni


text:
Surrey
prelate
church
Cheshire
Booth
Dunham Massey
William Booth
Lawrence Booth
Archbishop of York
Provost of Beverley Minster
Archdeacon of Richmond
Lichfield Cathedral
Canon
Sawley
Prebendary
Strensall
Edward IV
Chancellor of Cambridge University
Doctor of Divinity
Bole
Bishop of Exeter
consecrated
Privy Council
Croydon Palace
Horsley
lord of the manor

categories: 15th-century births,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1478 deaths,15th-century English people,Chancellors of the University of Cambridge,Archdeacons of Richmond,Bishops of Exeter

paragraph: John Booth (bishop)

paragraph: John Booth (died 5 April 1478, Surrey) was a 15th-century English prelate who held numerous appointments in the church and royal service.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Booth was a scion of the ancient Cheshire family of Booth who were seated at Dunham Massey. He was a nephew of William Booth and Lawrence Booth, who both served as Archbishop of York.

paragraph: In 1457 Booth was appointed the Provost of Beverley Minster and then in 1459 Archdeacon of Richmond, as well as Treasurer of Lichfield Cathedral, Canon of Sawley and Prebendary of Strensall. From 1461 until 1465, he was secretary to Edward IV, and for two of those years, 1463 and 1464, he served as the Chancellor of Cambridge University, receiving the degree of Doctor of Divinity. In 1464, he acquired the Prebendary of Bole and became Principal Secretary to Edward IV.

paragraph: Booth was appointed Bishop of Exeter on 15 March 1465 and was consecrated bishop on 7 July 1465.

paragraph: From 1471 to 1478, Booth served as a member of King Edward's Privy Council.

paragraph: Following a visit to Croydon Palace, Booth died on 5 April 1478 at Horsley, where he was "ex-officio" lord of the manor.

description: Bishop of Exeter

wikidata_label: John Booth

wikipedia_title: John Booth (bishop)


text: Nijushi no hitomi

text: Twenty-Four Eyes

text: Ankokugai no kaoyaku

text: Aru kengo no shogai

text: The Birth of Japan

text: Ankokugai no taiketsu

text: Kunisada Chuji

text: Denso Ningen

text: Otoko tai otoko

text: Dokuritsu gurentai nishi-e

text: Osaka jo monogatari

text: Ankokugai no dankon

text: Yojimbo

text: Kurenai no umi

text: Shinko no otoko

text: Gorath

text: Kurenai no sora

text: Dobunezumi sakusen

text: Ankokugai no kiba

text: Sengoku Yaro

text: Matango

text: Hiken

text: Daitozoku

text: Eburi manshi no yuga-na seikatsu

text: Atragon

text: Aa bakudan

text: Dogara, the Space Monster

text: Ware hitotsubu no mugi naredo

text: Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster

text: Kwaidan

text: Samurai

text: Chi to suna

text: Abare Goemon

text: Dai-bosatsu toge

text: Kiganjo no boken

text: Tenamonya Tokaido

text: Ebirah, Horror of the Deep

text: Satsujin kyo jidai

text: Sasaki Kojiro

text: King Kong Escapes

text: Nihon no ichiban nagai hi

text: Ultra Q

text: Dorifutazu desu yo! Zenshin zenshin matazenshin

text: Kiru

text: Nikudan

text: Mighty Jack

text: Akage

text: Portrait of Hell

text: All Monsters Attack

text: Kureji no nagurikomi Shimizu Minato

text: Gekido no showashi 'Gunbatsu'

text: Kamen Rider

text: Return of Ultraman

text: Kamen Rider vs. Shocker

text: Kamen Rider V3

text: Ultraman Leo

text: Tokkan

text: Kaiketsu Zubat

text: Chiisana supaman Ganbaron

text: Goranger Versus JAKQ

text: Message from Space

text: Buru Kurisumasu

text: Misuta, Misesu, Misu Ronri

text: Seiun Kamen Machineman

text: Saraba hakobune

text: Mahjong horoki

text: Hong Kong Paradise

text: Daiyukai

text: Kamitsukitai/Dorakiyura yori ai-0

text: The Female Warriors

text: Shorishatachi

text: Za kakuto oh

text: Eko eko azaraku II

text: Otenki-oneesan

text: Moon Spiral

text: Mikeneko hoomuzu no tasogare hoteru

text: Keizoku/eiga

text: Sweet Sweet Ghost

text: Sebunzu feisu

text: Oshikiri

text: Kamen Rider The First

text: archive footage

categories: Japanese anarchists,1926 births,2003 deaths,People from Kitakyushu,Japanese male actors

paragraph: Hideyo Amamoto

paragraph: Section::::Film and television credits.

paragraph: Section::::Film and television credits.:1950.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nijushi no hitomi" (1954) as Hisako's husband

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Garden of Women" (1954) as Professor (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Twenty-Four Eyes" (1954) as Ôishi Sensei no Otto

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ai wa furu hoshi no kanata ni" (1956) as Chen LongCheng

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yûwaku" (1957) as Kyôzô Ikegami

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kunin no shikeishû" (1957) as Takao Nakamura

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yatsu ga satsujinsha da" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mikkokusha wa dare ka" (1958) as Nakao

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jinsei gekijô - Seishun hen" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ankokugai no kaoyaku" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aru kengo no shogai" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seishun o kakero" (1959) as Senzaka

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Birth of Japan" (1959) as Spectator at Gods' Dance

paragraph: Section::::Film and television credits.:1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ankokugai no taiketsu" (1960) as Ichino

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kunisada Chuji" (1960) as Tomimatsu

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Denso Ningen" (1960) as Onishi's Henchman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dâisan hâtobanô kêtto" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Otoko tai otoko" (1960) as Killer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dokuritsu gurentai nishi-e" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Osaka jo monogatari" (1961) as Interpreter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ankokugai no dankon" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yojimbo" (1961) as Yahachi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Honkon no yoru" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kurenai no umi" (aka "Blood on the Sea") (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shinko no otoko" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gorath" (1962) as Drunk

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kurenai no sora" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dobunezumi sakusen" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1962) as Takano, of the Chunagons

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ankokugai no kiba" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sengoku Yaro" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Matango" (1963) as Skulking Transitional Matango

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kokusai himitsu keisatsu—Shirei 8 go" (aka "Interpol Code 8") (1963) (note: first of five films in the "Kokusai himitsu keisatsu" series) as Shû

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hiken" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daitozoku" (1963) as Granny the Witch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eburi manshi no yuga-na seikatsu" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Atragon" (1963) as High Priest of Mu

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aa bakudan" (1964) as Tetsu

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dogara, the Space Monster" (1964) as Maki the Safecracker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ware hitotsubu no mugi naredo" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster" (1964) as Princess Salno's aide

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kwaidan (1964) (segment "Chawan no naka")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Samurai" (1965) sd Matazaburo Hagiwara

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chi to suna" (1965) as Shiga

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1965) as Numaguchi, Snake-Training Gangster

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gohiki no shinshi" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abare Goemon" (1966) as Heiroku

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dai-bosatsu toge" (1966) as Lord Shuzen Kamio

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kiganjo no boken" (1966) as Granny the Old Witch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tenamonya Tokaido" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ebirah, Horror of the Deep" (1966) as Red Bamboo Naval Officer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Satsujin kyo jidai" (1967) as Shogo Mizorogi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1967) as First Murderer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sasaki Kojiro" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "King Kong Escapes" (1967) as Dr. Who

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nihon no ichiban nagai hi" (1967) as Captain Takeo Sasaki

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ultra Q" (1967, TV series, Episode "Open the Door!") as Kenji Tomono - Mysterious Old Man

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dorifutazu desu yo! Zenshin zenshin matazenshin" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1968) as Heraclues

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kiru" (1968) as Gendayu Shimada

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nikudan" (1968) as Father of Him

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Konto55go—Seiki no Daijakuten" (1968) as Sawada

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kureejii Mekishiko dai sakusen" (aka "Mexican Free-for-All") (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mighty Jack" (1968, TV Series)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Akage" (1969) as Dr. Gensai

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portrait of Hell" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All Monsters Attack" (1969) as Toy Consultant Shinpei Inami

paragraph: Section::::Film and television credits.:1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kureji no nagurikomi Shimizu Minato" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gekido no showashi 'Gunbatsu'" (1970) as Prof. Fuyuki (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kamen Rider" (1971-1972, TV Series) as Dr. Shinigami / Ikadevil

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Return of Ultraman" (1971, TV Series)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1971) as Okinawa Regional Officer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shussho iwai" (aka "The Wolves") (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kamen Rider vs. Shocker" (1972) as Dr. Shinigami

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1972, TV Series) as Satan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kamen Rider V3" (1973, TV Series) as Dr. Shinigami

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rupan Sansei: Nenriki chin sakusen" (1974) as Assassin at Orphanage

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ultraman Leo" (1974, TV Series) as Dodole/Alien Sarin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tokkan" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kaiketsu Zubat" (1977, TV series, Episode 1.2)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chiisana supaman Ganbaron" (1977, TV Series)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Goranger Versus JAKQ" (1978) as General Sahara

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Message from Space" (1978) as Mother Dark

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Buru Kurisumasu" (1978)

paragraph: Section::::Film and television credits.:1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Misuta, Misesu, Misu Ronri" (1980) as Ryuichi Shimomura

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seiun Kamen Machineman" (1984, TV Series) as Prof. K

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saraba hakobune" (1984) as Key maker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mahjong horoki" (1984) as Hachimaki

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jigoku no banken: akai megane" (1987) as Moongaze Ginji

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kaitô Ruby" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1989)

paragraph: Section::::Film and television credits.:1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hong Kong Paradise" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1990) as Biwa player

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daiyukai" (1991) as Kushida

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kamitsukitai/Dorakiyura yori ai-0" (1991) as Servant

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Female Warriors" (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shorishatachi" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Za kakuto oh" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1994) as Ken and Ryu's Master (voice) (later established in the series as Goken)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weather Woman" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eko eko azaraku II" (1996) as Master of Saiga

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Otenki-oneesan" (1996) as Chairman Shimamori

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moon Spiral" (1996, TV series) as Tōru

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mikeneko hoomuzu no tasogare hoteru" (1998) as Akaishi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Efu" (1998)

paragraph: Section::::Film and television credits.:2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Keizoku/eiga" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sweet Sweet Ghost" (2000) as Yasuri

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2000) as God Computer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sebunzu feisu" (2000) as Katsuda

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oshikiri" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2001) as Prof. Hirotoshi Isayama the Prophet (final film role)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kamen Rider The First" (2005) as Dr. Shinigami (archive footage, overdubbed by Eiji Maruyama)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ??? (2009) – Master Li (archive footage)

description: Japanese actor also known as Eisei Amamoto

wikidata_label: Hideyo Amamoto

wikipedia_title: Hideyo Amamoto


text: Weedville

text: City of Peoria

text: unincorporated

text: Territory of Arizona

text: Glendale, Arizona

text: Weedville, Arizona

text: Henry Garfias

text: Joe Mayer

text: William John Murphy

text: Levi Ruggles

text: Trinidad Swilling

text: Henry Wickenburg

text: Paul W. Litchfield

categories: 1942 deaths,Arizona pioneers,People from Ray County, Missouri,American city founders,1868 births

paragraph: Ora Rush Weed

paragraph: Ora Rush Weed (October 6, 1868-May 4, 1942) was a Methodist minister who founded Weedville, a small farming community in Arizona. Weedville’s utilities are provided by the City of Peoria. The area is unincorporated which means that the land is not governed by Peoria, the local municipal corporation, instead it is administered by the county.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Ora Rush Weed was born in Hardin, Ray County in Missouri. He was married to Phoebe Pomeroy Weed with whom he had 7 children. Weed became an ordinated Methodist minister. Soon, he moved with his family moved to Anderson County, Kansas. He was stern as a minister and believed that Methodism was too soft in the teachings of Christianity. Therefore, he moved to Gridley, Coffery, Kansas and finally to the Territory of Arizona in 1911.

paragraph: Section::::Weedville, Arizona.

paragraph: In Arizona, together with his family and some followers, he homesteaded the area which is located within 71st. and 75th Aves. between Thunderbird Blvd. and Acoma Drive. Rev. Weed established the Old Path Church, cemetery (1921) and boarding school, and a small religious community developed around these structures. Rev. Weed named his church and cemetery "Old Path" after a passage from the bible in the book if Jeremiah which states the following:

paragraph: Rev. Weed named the small religious community"Weedville" after himself. Weedville sustained itself with farming, sales from a small country store which he ran, and by making and selling brooms made from broomcorn which Rev. Weed established. The brooms were made by former prison inmates. Weed donated land and buildings to the Southwest Indian School.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Weed died May 4, 1942 in Glendale, Arizona and was buried in the Old Paths Cemetery. He was survived by his wife and six of his seven children. The 160 acres was sold off, with the majority of the land going to the Southwest Indian School and other religious organizations. The private cemetery still exists today and is maintained by Weed’s descendants. The original Old Path Church bell hangs on a post located in the grounds of the cemetery. The Southwest Indian School has become the Southwest Indian Ministry Center. Much of Weedville remains an unincorporated county island.

paragraph: Section::::In pop culture.

paragraph: Arizona Republic writer Jim Cook had a chapter on Weedville in his 2002 book, "Arizona Liars Journal", published by Cowboy Miner Productions; .

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gilbert, Kathleen (2004) "More Than A Century of Peoria People, Progress,and Pride" (Heritage Publishers)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Weedville, Arizona

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of historic properties in Peoria, Arizona

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Garfias

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joe Mayer

paragraph: BULLET::::- William John Murphy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Levi Ruggles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trinidad Swilling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Wickenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul W. Litchfield

wikidata_label: Ora Rush Weed

wikipedia_title: Ora Rush Weed


text:
jurist
publicist
Thirty Years' War
Protestant
Tübingen
Württemberg
Johannes Kepler
Vitus Müller
witchcraft
Johannes Valentinus Andreae
Rosicrucian
Tobias Hess
Church Fathers
Catholicism
Heilbronn
University of Ingolstadt
Pope Urban VIII
Ingolstadt
Arabic
Hebrew
federalism
Holy Roman Empire
public finance
Eberhard von Weyhe
Georg Obrecht
Jacob Bornitz
Johann Jacob Speidel
Trajano Boccalini
WorldCat for Christophorus Besoldus
Open Library page
CAMENA at uni-mannheim.de
At idref.fr

categories: People from Tübingen,German jurists,16th-century jurists,Canon law jurists,People from the Duchy of Württemberg,1638 deaths,Christian Kabbalists,1577 births

paragraph: Christopher Besoldus

paragraph: Christopher Besoldus (Christoph Besold) (1577 – September 1638) was a German jurist and publicist whose writing is seen as important for the history of the causes of the Thirty Years' War.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born of Protestant parents in 1577 at Tübingen, Württemberg. He studied jurisprudence, and in the early 1590s was a close friend of Johannes Kepler. Besold asked permission of the classical scholar Vitus Müller (Veit Müller, 1561–1626) to defend theses based on Kepler's dissertation (on astronomical topics); he was denied the chance. Later, when Katharina Kepler, Johannes Kepler's mother, was prosecuted on witchcraft charges, Besold was one of the jurists dealing with the case, which was dropped.

paragraph: He graduated as Doctor of Law in 1598; and in 1610 became professor of law at Tübingen. Among his pupils was Johannes Valentinus Andreae. Besold was one of the influences on Andreae's later Rosicrucian writings, along with Tobias Hess. His advice was frequently sought in juridical questions by the civil administration.

paragraph: He read the Scriptures, the writings of the Church Fathers, and of the medieval mystics. He was publicly converted to Catholicism at Heilbronn in 1635. Two years later, he accepted the chair of Roman Law at the University of Ingolstadt. He was considering the offer of a professorship at the University of Bologna, tendered him by Pope Urban VIII, when he died at Ingolstadt.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He knew 9 languages including Arabic and Hebrew. His works are numerous, with 102 scholarly writings known. His theory of federalism was influential in explaining the workings of the Holy Roman Empire. He was one of the earliest writers on public finance, with Eberhard von Weyhe, Georg Obrecht, and Jacob Bornitz.

paragraph: The "Thesaurus Practicus" (1629), an alphabetical and encyclopedic work defining legal and other terms, ran to many editions, being taken up by his student Johann Jacob Speidel (died 1666) and others.

paragraph: His publication of three volumes of documents from the Stuttgart archives was tendentious. Their contents suggested that the immediate dependency of the Württemberg monasteries on the Empire ("Reichsunmittelbarkeit") implied for the local dukes the obligation of restoring the confiscated religious property.

paragraph: He translated the satirical "Ragguagli di Parnaso" of Trajano Boccalini.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Signatura temporum", 1614.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Axiomatha philosophica-theologica", Strasburg 1616.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Politicorum libri due", Frankfurt 1618.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De verae philosophiae fundamento discursus", Tübingen 1619.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pentas Dissertationum philologicarum", Tübingen 1620.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- WorldCat for Christophorus Besoldus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Open Library page

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://books.google.com/books?[id=mzknkKS1jqQC&pg=PA9 Biography in Ferdinand Elsener, "Lebensbilder zur Geschichte der Tübinger Juristenfakultät" (1977)]

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.ubs.sbg.ac.at/sosa/besold.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- CAMENA at uni-mannheim.de

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20110721160903/http://www.his-data.de/zedler/0/3/14/99/zedler-3-1499-8-daten.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- At idref.fr

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: German jurist

wikidata_label: Christopher Besoldus

wikipedia_title: Christopher Besoldus