text: Unitarian Liberal Party

text: Gustave Moynier

text: Institut de Droit International

text: anticlerical

text: separation of church and state

text: King Rama V

text: Thailand

text: Chow Phya

text: Montreal

text: Madrid

text: Belgium

text: Constantinople

text: University of Edinburgh

text: Doctor Honoris Causa

text: Cambridge

text: Oxford

text: Brussels

text: King Leopold II

text: Congo Free State

text: University of Leuven

text: Berlin

text: von Savigny

text: Hegel

text: Belgian Revolution

text: Courtrai

text: United Kingdom

text: Paris

text: Lycée Charlemagne

text: University of Ghent

text: political history

text: Orangist

text: the Netherlands

text: Tobias Asser

text: John Westlake

text: international law

text: Franco-German war

text: Geneva Convention

text: Francis Lieber

text: Gustave Moynier

text: Institut de Droit International

text: Ghent

text: Nobel Peace Prize

text: revolution year of 1848

text: Catholic

text: Laissez faire, laissez passer

text: bourgeoisie

text: dogmatic

text: clergy

text: liberal arts

text: Flemish

text: Ghent

text: Roman Catholic

text: ultramontanists

text: papal

text: Encyclical

text: Quanta cura

text: Syllabus Errorum

text: freemasons

text: Université Libre de Bruxelles

text: orthodoxy

text: secularisation

text: rationalism

text: positivism

text: Bruges

text: Bruges

text: ex cathedra

text: Antwerp

text: Minister for the Interior

text: Walthère Frère-Orban

text: civil war

text: excommunicated

text: Congo

text: Leopold II

text: colonial

text: Congo Conference

text: Ernest Nys

text: Edouard Descamps

text: Damrong

text: Siam

text: Chulalongkorn

text: Rama

text: colonial powers

text: Mongkut

text: Bowring Treaty

text: corvee labour obligations

text: French Indochina

text: protectorate

text: Chao Phraya River

text: Bangkok

text: Paknam Incident

text: Franco-Siamese War

text: French President

text: British Prime Minister

text: Siam Nakhon Province

text: Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909

text: Kedah

text: Kelantan

text: Perlis

text: Terengganu

text: Upper Malaya

text: Dharmasastra

text: buddhist

text: Thammasat University

text: Bangkok

text: Chao Phya

text: International Court of Justice

text: Edward Henry Strobel

text: Ghent

text: Paknam Incident

categories: 1835 births,Congo Free State officials,International law scholars,Belgian diplomats,Belgian politicians,Ghent University alumni,1902 deaths

paragraph: Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns

paragraph: Gustave Henri Ange Hippolyte Rolin-Jaequemyns (31 January 1835 – 9 January 1902) was a Belgian attorney at law, diplomat and Minister of the Interior (1878–1884) as a member of the Unitarian Liberal Party. Together with the Swiss jurist Gustave Moynier, he founded the Institut de Droit International and became its first "Honorary President".

paragraph: Even though his personal convictions were deeply religious, he is considered anticlerical because of his staunch defence of the separation of church and state. Serving as an advisor to King Rama V of Thailand, he played a crucial role in the reformation of that country to modern western standards and was awarded the title "Chow Phya Abhai Raja", the highest distinction ever granted to a foreigner.

paragraph: Rolin-Jaequemyns' reputation as an expert on international law was widely recognized. He became a member of several national academies, for example 1870 in Montreal, 1872 in Madrid, in 1874 in Belgium and 1881 in Constantinople. In 1877, the University of Edinburgh granted him the title of "Doctor Honoris Causa", and later he received the same distinction from the universities of Cambridge, Oxford and Brussels. In 1889 King Leopold II of Belgium appointed him member of the High Council for the independent state of the Congo Free State.

paragraph: Section::::Childhood and Youth.

paragraph: Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns was the eldest of 15 children in the marriage between Hippolyte Rolin and Angélique Hellebaut. His father had graduated with distinction from the University of Leuven (French: "Louvain"), after which he was sworn in as solicitor and travelled to Berlin where he followed classes by von Savigny and Hegel. In 1830, at the start of the Belgian Revolution, he travelled to Courtrai and was elected into the "National Assembly". Later (1848), he was elected into the Belgian Chamber of People's Representatives and held the office of "Minister of Public Works".

paragraph: Rolin excelled in the Gymnasium of Ghent and his musical skills quickly became apparent. At age 16 he travelled to the United Kingdom and thence to Paris, where he received a first prize at the Lycée Charlemagne. He then returned home and studied law at the University of Ghent. After graduating, he followed his father's example and went to Berlin for further studies. In 1860, when he was 25 years old, he was offered the chair of modern political history, but declined to help his father in his law firm.

paragraph: In 1859, he married Emilie Jaequemyns and henceforth used the name "Rolin-Jaequemyns". Her father, an Orangist who favoured the unification of Belgium and the Netherlands, was indicted for his political views and Hippolyte defended him. Emilie was the daughter of a notable and wealthy family, and Gustave could focus on his studies of social and judicial matters.

paragraph: Section::::International Law.

paragraph: During one of the congresses of the "Association Internationale pour le Progrès des Sciènces Sociales" ("International Association for the Progress of Social Sciences"), which he himself founded, he met the Dutchman Tobias Asser and the Englishman John Westlake and the trio decided to establish the "Revue de Droit International et de Législation Comparée" ("Review of International Law and Comparative Legislation"), a periodical dedicated to comparative law studies, the first academic journal in history devoted to international law. The first issue, edited by Rolin-Jaequemyns and with contributions from many noted scholars, appeared in late 1868.

paragraph: After the bloody Franco-German war of 1870-71, during which the Geneva Convention of 1863 was largely ignored by both sides, Rolin-Jaequemyns received letters written independently by Francis Lieber and Gustave Moynier urging the founding of an international organisation to promote the international rule of law. He was in an excellent position to contact many experts in the field, and consultations led to the founding of the "Institut de Droit International" in the townhall of Ghent on 8 September 1873.

paragraph: The institute, which exists today, was the first permanent body of legal experts on international law. Its members laid the foundation of significant parts of modern international law. In 1904, two years after Rolin-Jaequemyns died, the institute received the Nobel Peace Prize.

paragraph: Section::::Political climate of Belgium (1848-1884).

paragraph: Since the revolution year of 1848, the liberal faction was dominant in Belgian politics. There were Catholic cabinets, but these, generally, adopted the liberal agenda of "Laissez faire, laissez passer". According to this view, the free interchange of goods and services and personal freedom should not be restricted by interventions of the state, even though this principle was relaxed somewhat in times of crisis. It's not justified, however, to see the Belgian liberalism only as an exponent of the bourgeoisie intent on extending their wealth and influence. Part of this ideology was also a cultural ideal: to liberate the individual from the dogmatic fetters imposed by the clergy and promote personal development through the promotion of liberal arts.

paragraph: In the case of Rolin-Jaequemyns, this was expressed in his chairmanship of the "Van Crombrugghe Genootschap", a Flemish cultural society founded by teachers and students of the municipal school in Ghent to "praise major Van Crombrugghe, who had done so much good for the municipal schools of Ghent".

paragraph: From 1850 onward, the controversy between the Catholic Party and the liberals deepened. On the Roman Catholic side, the ultramontanists became the dominant faction, partly under influence of the papal Encyclical "Quanta cura" (1864) and especially the attached "Syllabus Errorum" in which the modern liberties were sharply condemned.

paragraph: On the liberal side, mostly in circles of freemasons and the Université Libre de Bruxelles, the principle of "Free Research" ("Vrij Onderzoek") gained influence, which, as it was interpreted there and then, was incompatible with catholic orthodoxy. This sharpened the anti-clerical sentiment among liberals which evolved into a militant anti-Catholicism. The complete secularisation of Belgian society became the liberals' prime objective. In order to achieve this aim, they were forced to interventions of the state, since social life was completely dominated by Roman Catholic organisations. The main battleground, however, was the field of education and the academic freedom of Belgian universities, where rationalism and scientific positivism were gaining ground.

paragraph: First blows were exchanged over a parochial letter written by Mgr. L. Delebecque, Bishop of Bruges, in which he accused Prof. Wagener of "blasphemous" and "heretical" teachings and strongly condemned the University of Ghent. The letter was read in all churches in his diocese on Sunday 14 September 1856 and was followed by a similar action by the Bishop of Bruges, Mgr. J.B. Malou. The situation came to a head with the affair Laurent-Brasseur, two professors from Ghent who had, in the view of the clergy, made "ex cathedra" statements contradicting the official teachings of the Church. The Church had, by means of the "Convention of Antwerp", gained a solid influence in academic matters and used it. This affair brought to light the deep divisions between liberals and Catholics and the country was divided into two camps: a "clerical" one and an "anti-clerical" one who battled each other in every way possible.

paragraph: Section::::School Struggle.

paragraph: After the liberal victory in the elections of 1878, Rolin-Jaequemyns accepted the post of Minister for the Interior in the cabinet of the ""papenvreter"" ("catholic-muncher") Walthère Frère-Orban who unleashed the "School Struggle" ("Schoolstrijd"). This was a direct consequence of a law intended to break once and for all the influence of the Roman Catholic Church over the Belgian schooling system. However, the cabinet had greatly underestimated catholic resistance. Catholic schools sprang up everywhere and a battle, fought with a fanaticism that would reverberate through Belgian society for decades to come, raged for every teacher and every pupil. Belgium seemed to be on the brink of civil war.

paragraph: The liberals lost. Their initiative had united the Catholics and the network of schools founded in this period rapidly overreached the municipal schools. The "ecoles laïque" emptied and the liberals suffered a major loss in 1884. Rolin-Jaequemyns, who had played a major role in this cabinet, was excommunicated with the rest of the cabinet-members, though this was later revoked due to the intervention of his brother Edouard. With this defeat, the political career of Rolin-Jaequemyns was over and he could focus once more on the "Institut" and the "Revue".

paragraph: Section::::Congo.

paragraph: From the mid-1870s Rolin-Jaequemyns, like many other members of the "Institut de Droit International", occupied himself with the Belgian colonial aspirations in Congo. He applauded the founding of the "Association Internationale Africain" in 1876 by King Leopold II and especially its scientific and philanthropic goals, even though its main mission was strictly colonial. However, he did point out that colonisation by private enterprises would not give any guarantees for a fair treatment of the native population or an effective protection of the colonists.

paragraph: The member of the institute saw the Congo Conference in 1884 as a good opportunity to set clear standards for the establishments of colonial governments. The outcome of the conference on this point was greeted favourably by Rolin-Jaequemyns and other members of the institute but soon turned out to be of little practical value. Four years later Rolin-Jaequemyns was appointed member of the "Conseil Supérieur" for the Congo Free State, which had been created by Leopold II as a reaction to the rising criticism of the Belgian conduct. Like almost all members of the institute, Rolin-Jaequemyns refrained from any critical remarks when the details of atrocities in the Congo Free State became known. On the other hand he did not try to defend Leopold's colonial politics, as other Belgian jurists, such as Félicien Cattier, Ernest Nys, and Edouard Descamps, had done.

paragraph: Section::::Siam.

paragraph: Section::::Siam.:Cairo.

paragraph: After his brother lost the family fortune with rash investments, Gustave needed to earn a living. Rather than accept a position with the Belgian government to which he was opposed, he chose to travel to Egypt with the expectation of being appointed Attorney-General. However, before the appointment could be finalized, the Khedive died. Meanwhile he became a member of the "high society" and proved, to the joy of his hosts, a gifted musician. During a lunch hosted by the British ambassador in December 1891, he met Prince Damrong of Siam, who had gone to Europe to search for a General Advisor for his half-brother King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Following a hasty correspondence with Bangkok, the prince was able to offer Rolin-Jaequemyns an annual salary of ₤3000. Despite the opposition of his wife and his own poor health, he accepted. The Siam offer was his opportunity "to realize his dream to put into practice his principles of law and to ensure that respect for international law enabled a small, threatened country to resist the major powers."

paragraph: Rolin-Jaequemyns' contract specified two functions. First he was to assist the Siamese government to modernize and codify the country's body of laws; and second, he was to serve as an advisor concerning foreign affairs. His position held no formal power. In his words, the position of General Advisor has "no means to enforce his advice except by persuasion. Of course he cannot pretend to persuade always nor all at once, and he has to get accustomed to a perfect practice of patience."

paragraph: Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns arrived in Bangkok on 27 September 1892. Aside from periodic trips to Europe, he stayed until April 1901 when his health could no longer tolerate the climate.

paragraph: Section::::Siam.:Situation in Siam.

paragraph: Siam was being pressured by the colonial powers to open up and modernize the country for trade. In 1855 Chulalongkorn's father King Mongkut (Rama IV) agreed to a one-sided treaty with Britain. The Bowring Treaty (1) limited duties on imported goods to 3%; (2) eliminated all restrictions on British traders buying and selling goods; and (3) provided extraterritorial rights to subjects of the foreign powers such that if they broke any Thai law they would be tried in courts of their own country's legation. The first condition severely limited the government's ability to undertake major development projects. (By contrast the French colonial government in Saigon charged 10% duties.) The second condition eliminated the monopolies by which the Royal household and noble families financed themselves. The third condition enormously complicated administration of the country as many people claimed ties to colonies elsewhere as a means to escape justice or avoid corvee labour obligations. Having granted these privileges to one country, King Mongkut then signed similar treaties with all its other trading partners. Thus he preserved the peace among them and limited the influence of any one foreign power within his kingdom.

paragraph: These arrangements satisfied most of the imperial nations' immediate requirements. The French, however, were particularly aggressive. Having already taken possession of French Indochina (present-day Vietnam) and much of Cambodia and Laos, they seemed to try to transform Siam into a protectorate. Rolin-Jaequemyns wrote that he was "convinced that this is a systematic campaign undertaken by colonial authorities of Annam and Cambodia destined to veil the little success as well as to justify the enormous costs of their interior administration." On 13 July 1893, three French gunships forced their way up the Chao Phraya River to Bangkok. Siamese fired on them from their land battery to which the French responded with devastating effect. The so-called Paknam Incident was part of the Franco-Siamese War of 1893, after which the Siamese agreed to cede Laos to France. Rolin-Jaequemyns played a major role in the negotiations by using his contacts in the top echelons of European society to negotiate directly with the French President and British Prime Minister, thus subverting the self-interested colonial officials. These negotiations dragged on for 15 years. In 1906, Siam ceded Siam Nakhon Province in Cambodian territory to French Indochina; and in the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, relinquished claims to Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, and Terengganu in Upper Malaya. Siam lost large sections of her territory, but retained her independence.

paragraph: Section::::Siam.:Reforms.

paragraph: King Chulalongkorn understood that his kingdom could survive only by modernizing its judicial, administrative and military capacity and thus offer the colonial powers sufficient incentives and deterrents to respect its sovereignty. Since 1860, a handful of foreign advisers had been recruited to fill senior positions to guide the modernization process. Following the Paknam Incident their numbers rose within four years to 58 British, 22 Germans, 22 Danes, 9 Belgians, 8 Italians and 20 others. As "General Advisor" Rolin-Jaequemyns had the closest relationship to the king.

paragraph: Rolin-Jaequemyns learned the Thai language and had large sections of the existing body of laws translated. In 1895, he wrote to the president of the International Association for Comparative Legal Studies that the material proved highly interesting and was an indispensable preparation for the reform. It would be wrong, he wrote, to simply to transplant western statutes. Instead one should strive to preserve the traits of the traditional law, (which in the case of Siam was based on the Dharmasastra, a buddhist system) while bringing them up-to-date with modern requirements.

paragraph: With the help of expatriate advisers and the support of European-educated princes, the King managed to separate his personal fortune from the state treasury and create a bureaucracy to replace a government structure which had its roots in the 15th century. As General Advisor, Rolin-Jaequemyns had a role in most of these initiatives especially the foundation of Siam's first Law school. His statue now stands on the campus of the Law Faculty of Thammasat University in Bangkok.

paragraph: Section::::"Chao Phya Abhai Raja Rolin-Jaequemyns", his legacy.

paragraph: His achievements for Siam were formally recognized by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) when he elevated Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns to the rank of "Chao Phya", the highest non-royal rank in Siamese hierarchy. His full title was "Chao Phya Abhai Raja Siammanukulkij" (เจ้าพระยาอภัยราชาสยามานุกูลกิจ; ). The non-heredity title "Chao Phya Abhai Raja" was normally reserved for provincial governors and cabinet ministers.

paragraph: Both in Belgium as in Thailand, he is seen as a great man. The Thai honour him as the man who prevented Thailand from becoming a colony, the Belgians voted him to place 373 of the list of "Greatest Belgians Ever" and (in academic circles) see him as one of the giants of the legal profession. But his biggest achievement is his role in the founding of the "Institut de Droit International". Its members and Rolin-Jaequemyns used their reputation, their knowledge and their practical experience to lay the foundation of modern international law and the International Court of Justice in which disputes amongst nations are now settled peacefully.

paragraph: Section::::Published work.

paragraph: The work published by Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns mainly consists of political and legal essays about issues of relevance for the politics of Belgium and topics related to international law, as well as travel accounts and diary-like records about his time in Thailand. Some of these publications are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Des partis et de leur situation actuelle en Belgique." Brussels 1864

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De la réforme électorale." Brussels 1865

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Note sur la théorie du droit d'intervention." In: "Revue de Droit Internationale et de Législation Comparée." 8/1876, S. 673-682

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Arménie, les Arméniens et les traités." In: "Revue de Droit Internationale et de Législation Comparée." 19/1887, S. 284-325 und 21/1889, S. 291-353; Reprint in English by John Heywood: "Armenia, the Armenians and the Treaties." London 1891

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mémoire sur quelques questions se rapportant aux relations entre le Siam et la France sous les traités existents." Co-operative Printing Society Limited, London 1896

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Henry Strobel — The first American Adviser in Foreign Affairs to King Chulalongkorn, Rolin-Jaequemyns successor

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Both the Dutch form "Gustaaf" and French spelled "Gustave" are widely used, sometimes appearing in a same document. "Gustave" seems to be the official spelling, e.g. according to the "letter of mourning" that unlike most French language sources spelled "Chow Phya"; few English sources nevertheless also show this spelling of his title.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Prof. Dr. Jacques H. Herbots merely states 17 children, while the GeneaNet site names 15 with years of birth and death.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Nationalism, universalism, empire: International Law in 1871 and 1919", Martti Koskenniemi.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "Literair Gent" ("Literary Ghent")

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Introduction by Baron Edouard Rolin-Jaequemyns to Walter J.Tipps 1996 page xii

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Tipps 1996 page 9

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns in a letter to Westlake dated 28 November 1892 quoted by Tipps 1996 page 22

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Documentation on the Paknam Incident

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Chris Baker and Pasuk Phongpaichit "A History of Thailand" 2005 page 68

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Final result of the nomination-phase of the "Greatest Belgian Ever".

paragraph: BULLET::::11. For instance in the speech of Prof. Dr. Herbots below.

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Martti Koskenniemi. "Journal of International Law and Politics".

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Insii Thai House

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns (Chao Phraya Aphai Raja) and the Belgian Advisers in Siam (1892–1902) : An Overview of Little-Known Documents Concerning the Chakri Reformation Era." Walter E.J. Tips, Published by the author himself, Bangkok 1992,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns and the Making of modern Siam: The Diaries and Letters of King Chulalongkorn's General Adviser.", Walter E.J. Tips, White Lotus Press, Bangkok 1996,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns and the Establishment of the Institut de droit international (1873).", Martti Koskenniemi, In: "Revue belge de droit international." 37 (1)/2004. Centre de Droit International de l'Institut de Sociologie de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles et du Centre de Droit International de l'Université Catholique de Louvain, p. 5-11,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nationalism, Universalism, Empire: International Law in 1871 and 1919." Martti Koskenniemi, Conference Proceedings "Whose International Community? Universalism and the Legacies of Empire.", Columbia University, 29–30 April 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chao Phya Abhai Raja Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns, General Advisor of H.M. King Chulalongkorn". Various authors, Limited editions published in English (January 2007) and in Thai (November 2008) - Web presentation of the book by family member Count Gerald van der Straten Ponthoz and, amongst others, the Belgian Ambassador in Thailand H.E. Jan Matthysen

description: Belgian diplomat and legal scholar

wikidata_label: Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns

wikipedia_title: Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns


text:
condottiero
lord of Piombino
Appiani
Piombino
Iacopo III Appiani
Neapolitan Army
Este
Republics of Siena
Florence
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Cesare Borgia
Pope Alexander VI
Leonardo da Vinci
Holy Roman Empire

categories: Condottieri,Appiani family,1459 births,1510 deaths,People from Piombino

paragraph: Iacopo IV Appiani

paragraph: Iacopo IV Appiani (1459 – April 10, 1510) was an Italian condottiero and lord of Piombino of the Appiani dynasty in the Renaissance.

paragraph: He was born in Piombino, the son of Iacopo III Appiani, of whom he continued the traditional alliance with the Aragonese court of Naples. He was captain of the Neapolitan Army (1479–1483), of the Este army (1483–1485) and of the army of the Republics of Siena (1495–1498) and Florence (1498–1501). Later he served the king of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon.

paragraph: In 1501 his territories in southern Tuscany were occupied by Cesare Borgia, but Iacopo could return in 1503 after the death of Borgia's power protector and father, Pope Alexander VI. In this period he received Leonardo da Vinci in his court. In 1509 he was made Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.

paragraph: He died at Piombino in 1510.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mauro Carrara, Signori e principi di Piombino, Bandecchi & Vivaldi, Pontedera 1996.

paragraph: br

description: Lord of Pimobino

wikidata_label: Iacopo IV Appiani

wikipedia_title: Iacopo IV Appiani


text:
Dallas, Texas
American
Episcopal
bishop
Trinity College, Dublin
curate
British Columbia
rector
San Francisco
dean
Omaha
Texas
Episcopal Diocese of Dallas
Project Canterbury

wikipedia_title:
Dallas
United States
Episcopal Church (United States)
Bishop
Trinity College Dublin
Curate
British Columbia
Rector (ecclesiastical)
San Francisco
Dean (Christianity)
Omaha, Nebraska
Texas
Episcopal Diocese of Dallas
Project Canterbury

categories: 20th-century Anglican bishops,American religious writers,Presiding Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America,People from Dallas,19th-century Anglican bishops,1832 births,Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923),1924 deaths

paragraph: Alexander Charles Garrett

paragraph: Alexander Charles Garrett (born, Ireland, 1832—died, Dallas, Texas, February 18, 1924) was an American Episcopal bishop, born in Ireland. He graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1855, was curate of East Worldham, Hampshire, England (1856–59), and until 1869 served as a missionary in British Columbia. In 1870 he became rector of St. James's Church, San Francisco, and in 1872 dean of Trinity Cathedral, Omaha. In 1874 he was appointed Missionary Bishop of northern Texas and retained the seat after the formation of the Episcopal Diocese of Dallas on December 20, 1895.

paragraph: Garrett wrote:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Charge to the Clergy and Laity of North Texas" (1875)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Historical Continuity" (1875)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baldwin Lectures on the Philosophy of the Incarnation"

paragraph: On the death of Daniel Sylvester Tuttle in April 1923, Garrett became presiding bishop. At that time he was 91 years old and totally blind. He remained Bishop of Dallas and Presiding Bishop until his death in 1924.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury

description: Priest, missionary, and bishop

wikidata_label: Alexander Charles Garrett

wikipedia_title: Alexander Charles Garrett


text:
American
ice hockey
National Hockey League
Montreal Canadiens
Philadelphia Flyers
Pittsburgh Penguins
Legion of Doom
Eric Lindros
Mikael Renberg
Stanley Cup
St. Albans, Vermont
Canada–US border
Bellows Free Academy
University of Vermont
meningitis
Montreal Canadiens
1987 NHL Entry Draft
Bellows Free Academy
St. Albans, Vermont
University of Vermont
Stanley Cup
1993
1993 Stanley Cup Finals
Éric Desjardins
Gilbert Dionne
Philadelphia Flyers
Mark Recchi
1995 NHL Entry Draft
Eric Lindros
"Legion of Doom"
Mikael Renberg
1998
Tim Kerr
1997–98 NHL season
Collective Bargaining Agreement
Tony Amonte
Boston Bruins
Toronto Maple Leafs
Pittsburgh Penguins
2005–06 NHL season
St. Albans, Vermont
United States Hockey Hall of Fame
Vermont Sports Hall of Fame
Philadelphia Flyers Hall of Fame

wikipedia_title: List of Philadelphia Flyers award winners

categories: Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics,Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics,Stanley Cup champions,1969 births,Ice hockey people from Vermont,Montreal Canadiens draft picks,Pittsburgh Penguins players,United States Hockey Hall of Fame inductees,Fredericton Canadiens players,Montreal Canadiens players,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in ice hockey,National Hockey League All-Stars,Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics,American ice hockey left wingers,People from St. Albans, Vermont,Living people,Philadelphia Flyers players

paragraph: John LeClair

paragraph: John Clark LeClair (born July 5, 1969) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Montreal Canadiens, Philadelphia Flyers, and Pittsburgh Penguins. With the Flyers, LeClair became the first American-born player to score 50 goals in three consecutive NHL seasons while playing on the Legion of Doom line with Eric Lindros and Mikael Renberg. LeClair was a member of the Montreal Canadiens' Stanley Cup winning team in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: LeClair was born on July 5, 1969 in St. Albans, Vermont, a town close to the Canada–US border. He is the son of Robert "Butch" LeClair, a manager of a paint store, and Beverly (Clark), a surgical nurse. LeClair has three older sisters, Mary Kay, Nancy and Susan, and a younger brother, Joseph.

paragraph: While familiar with the game of hockey, LeClair's father Butch had never actually played the sport himself. Until the 1960s, there was no organized hockey in the Saint Albans area. Despite this, LeClair took notice and asked his father for a pair of hockey skates at the age of six. Butch recalls how the kids in the area first played:

paragraph: At first, they played in an old railroad shed. Then they got a bunch of people who signed a note and built Coote Field Arena. It was just a metal shack with a lunch bar and an old tractor to scrape the ice. It was kind of primitive, but it worked very well. It produced some good hockey.

paragraph: Richard Benoit, the father of John's friend Jeremy, created a homemade rink for the kids in his backyard by flooding his volleyball court. Benoit added boards around the edge and installed lights so they could play at night. There was also a shack complete with a heater for the kids to go to warm up if needed.

paragraph: Section::::High school and college years.

paragraph: When LeClair was a freshman at Bellows Free Academy, he didn't make the very competitive high school team. So, he continued to play in community leagues. In his sophomore year, LeClair made the team and earned attention. "We'd be dumping the puck in (during a line change), and there would be John, in the corner on his knees and hands, five against one, somehow getting the puck out of the corner," recalls Luke Cioffi, a teammate and childhood friend of LeClair's.

paragraph: Soon, the young LeClair was attracting attention. College scouts began to take notice when he participated as a junior in "Hockey Night in Boston", a showcase for young talent. LeClair decided to pursue college, and he was accepted at the University of Vermont (UVM). At UVM, LeClair's college career was hampered by injuries. Over the course of his sophomore and junior years, he appeared in only 28 games. After missing the first month of his senior season due to meningitis, he finished the season strong with 25 goals and 20 assists in only 33 games.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Montreal Canadiens.

paragraph: LeClair was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens with the 33rd pick in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft after graduating from Bellows Free Academy (B.F.A.) High School in St. Albans, Vermont. One of the most highly recruited hockey players in New England, LeClair put his NHL aspirations on hold to attend the University of Vermont on a full scholarship. His fans didn't have to wait long to see him score in his first collegiate game. After the final game of his senior year he signed with the Canadiens and, less than a week later, played and scored in his first NHL game. As a member of the Canadiens, LeClair was on the Stanley Cup-winning team in 1993, where he scored two overtime game-winning goals during the 1993 Stanley Cup Finals.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Philadelphia Flyers and the Legion of Doom.

paragraph: On February 9, 1995, a Montreal team desperate to salvage a difficult season traded LeClair, along with Éric Desjardins and Gilbert Dionne to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Mark Recchi and Philadelphia's 3rd round choice in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft (Martin Hohenberger). LeClair gelled immediately with new line-mate Eric Lindros and quickly became one of the NHL's most feared goal scorers.

paragraph: With the Flyers he played left-wing on the famed "Legion of Doom" line, centered by Lindros and Mikael Renberg on right-wing. The trio was not only effective at scoring but they were also a dominant physical presence on the ice. In 1998, LeClair became the first American-born NHL player to record three consecutive 50-goal seasons and the second Flyer to do so, behind Tim Kerr. Following the 1997–98 NHL season, LeClair had two consecutive 40 goal seasons.

paragraph: LeClair played for the Flyers for 10 seasons and was one of the most productive players in franchise history, scoring 333 goals and an additional 35 in the playoffs, statistics good enough to place him in the top 10 Flyers' career goal scorers.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Pittsburgh Penguins.

paragraph: On July 23, 2005, as a result of a new Collective Bargaining Agreement which finally introduced a salary cap to the NHL, the Flyers were forced to part ways with their longtime alternate captain, and they bought out LeClair's and teammate Tony Amonte's contracts to create cap space. Rumors had LeClair going to the Boston Bruins or perhaps the Toronto Maple Leafs. Instead, LeClair signed a two-year deal with the Pittsburgh Penguins on August 15, 2005. LeClair had a fairly successful season in Pittsburgh during the 2005–06 NHL season, finishing fourth on the team in scoring as he passed the 400-goal mark and had his ninth 50+ point season. After struggling early in the 2006–07 season, LeClair was released by the Penguins on December 14, 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Other information.

paragraph: LeClair is president of the "John LeClair Foundation" which awards grants to non-profit Vermont organizations that sponsor programs for children. He currently divides his time between Haverford Township, Pennsylvania and his hometown of St. Albans, Vermont. LeClair was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 2009, the Vermont Sports Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Philadelphia Flyers Hall of Fame in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vermont Sports Hall of Fame Bio

description: American ice hockey player

wikidata_label: John LeClair

wikipedia_title: John LeClair


text:
Cao Cao
Eastern Han dynasty
ji
halberd
jin
Battle of Wancheng
Zhang Xiu
Ningling County
Henan
youxia
Sui County, Henan
sword
ji
li
Zhang Miao
campaign against Dong Zhuo
Xiahou Dun
Cao Cao
Lü Bu
Yan Province
li
Puyang County
ji
ji
sword
jin
Wancheng District
Nanyang, Henan
Jing Province
Zhang Xiu
chi
ji
Sheqi County
Henan
Sui County, Henan
Cao Pi
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Three Kingdoms
Xiahou Dun
Cao Cao
Zhang Miao
Elai
Battle of Wancheng
Cao Ang
Koei
Dynasty Warriors
Warriors Orochi
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Chan Mou
The Ravages of Time
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
Chen, Shou
Records of the Three Kingdoms
Luo, Guanzhong
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Sima, Guang
Zizhi Tongjian

categories: 2nd-century births,People from Shangqiu,Generals under Cao Cao,Han dynasty generals from Henan,197 deaths

paragraph: Dian Wei

paragraph: Dian Wei () (died February or March 197) was a military officer serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Famed for his enormous strength, Dian Wei excelled at wielding a pair of "ji"s (a halberd-like weapon), each of which was said to weigh 40 "jin". He was killed in action at the Battle of Wancheng while covering Cao Cao's escape from Zhang Xiu's forces.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Dian Wei was from Jiwu County (己吾縣), Chenliu Commandery (陳留郡), in present-day Ningling County, Henan. He was described as a stalwart man with great strength the ambition of becoming a "youxia" (vigilante).

paragraph: Section::::Assassinating Li Yong.

paragraph: When he was young, Dian Wei once agreed to help a certain Liu family in Xiangyi County (襄邑縣; present-day Sui County, Henan) take revenge against one Li Yong (李永). As Li Yong was a former county chief, he had bodyguards to protect him during his travels.

paragraph: Dian Wei disguised himself as a marquis and travelled to Li Yong's house in a carriage filled with food and wine. He entered the house without challenge, stabbed Li Yong with a concealed dagger, and killed Li Yong's wife as well. He then left the house and retrieved his weapons (a sword and a "ji") from the carriage and walked away. As Li Yong lived near the marketplace, news of his death spread quickly and the whole town was shocked. Hundreds of men went to pursue the murderer but none of them dared to approach Dian Wei. After travelling four or five "li" on foot, Dian Wei met his companions and they escaped after a brief fight with the pursuers. Dian Wei became recognised as a hero after this incident.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Cao Cao.

paragraph: Around February or March 190, when the regional official Zhang Miao was rallying an army to join the campaign against Dong Zhuo, Dian Wei answered the call and became a subordinate of Zhao Chong (趙寵), a military officer serving under Zhang Miao. Once, a large banner was swaying in the strong wind and many men could not stop it from swaying despite their combined efforts. Dian Wei used only one hand to grab the banner pole and succeeded in keeping it upright. Zhao Chong was very impressed with Dian Wei's strength.

paragraph: Dian Wei later became a subordinate of Xiahou Dun, a general under the warlord Cao Cao. He was promoted to the rank of Major (司馬) for his valour in battle.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Cao Cao.:Battle of Puyang.

paragraph: Around September 194, when Cao Cao was at war with a rival warlord Lü Bu in Yan Province, he launched a surprise night raid on one of Lü Bu's camps located 40-50 "li" west of Puyang County and destroyed it before dawn. Just as Cao Cao and his troops were planning to return to their base, Lü Bu personally led reinforcements from Puyang County to attack them and caught them in an onrush.

paragraph: Dian Wei ordered dozens of men to gather around him, put on two layers of armour, discard their shields and arm themselves only with spears and "ji"s. Another wave of enemy soldiers closing in from the west unleashed a barrage of arrows onto Dian Wei and his men. Dian Wei remained oblivious to the arrows and told his men, "Let me know when the enemy is ten paces away." The men did so. Dian Wei then said again, "Let me know when they are five paces away." The men then suddenly cried out in fear, "The enemy is upon us!" Dian Wei was holding on to a dozen "ji"s, and he flung them at the enemy when they approached him. Each "ji" knocked down an enemy soldier and not a single one missed its target.

paragraph: As the sun rose, Lü Bu retreated back to Puyang while Cao Cao withdrew back to his base as well. Cao Cao was so impressed with Dian Wei that he promoted him to the rank of Commandant (都尉) and put him in command of hundreds of his personal bodyguards who patrolled the areas around his tent.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Cao Cao.:As Cao Cao's bodyguard.

paragraph: Dian Wei was a robustly built fighter. He personally selected the soldiers who would serve under him. In battle, Dian Wei and his men were always the first to charge into the enemy formation. Dian Wei was later promoted to the rank of Colonel (校尉).

paragraph: Dian Wei was known for being a loyal, prudent and responsible man. He often stood guard outside Cao Cao's tent from morning until dusk, and even at night he would sleep beside Cao Cao's tent, and he rarely returned to his own quarters. He was also a heavy eater and drinker, eating in huge mouthfuls and drinking in long gulps. Because of his enormous appetite, several men were required to serve him whenever he sat down for meals. Cao Cao was very impressed with him.

paragraph: Dian Wei's weapons of choice were a pair of "ji"s or long swords. There was a saying in Cao Cao's army about Dian Wei: "In our camp resides the warrior Dian Wei, who wields a pair of "ji"s weighing 80 "jin" in total."

paragraph: Section::::Service under Cao Cao.:Death at the Battle of Wancheng.

paragraph: In February 197, Cao Cao invaded Wancheng (宛城; present-day Wancheng District, Nanyang, Henan) in the north of Jing Province. Wancheng was the territory of the warlord Zhang Xiu, who immediately surrendered upon learning of Cao Cao's invasion. Cao Cao was pleased so he threw a party for Zhang Xiu and his men. During the party, Dian Wei stood guard behind Cao Cao, holding a giant battle axe whose blade was one "chi" long. Zhang Xiu and his followers did not dare to look up when they toasted to Cao Cao.

paragraph: Cao Cao had stayed in Wancheng for more than 10 days when Zhang Xiu suddenly rebelled and launched a surprise attack on his camp. Cao Cao was caught unprepared so he retreated with a few horsemen.

paragraph: Dian Wei stood guard at the entrance to the camp and prevented Zhang Xiu's soldiers from advancing further. The enemy then scattered and broke into Cao Cao's camp from the other entrances. Dian Wei had about a dozen men with him and they were all heavily outnumbered by Zhang Xiu's forces. However, Dian Wei fought bravely with a long "ji", and with each swing of his weapon, he broke more than ten enemy spears. As the battle went on, Dian Wei's men were eventually all killed and Dian himself had sustained several wounds all over his body, but he continued fighting the enemy at close quarters with short weapons. Dian Wei grabbed two enemies and killed them, and the others did not dare to approach him. Dian Wei then rushed forward and slew several more enemy soldiers before eventually succumbing to his wounds. Just before his death, he was still glaring and swearing at the enemy. Only after confirming that Dian Wei was dead did the enemies dare to come forward and decapitate him. Dian Wei's head was passed around for Zhang Xiu's men to see. They also came to look at his headless body.

paragraph: By then, Cao Cao had already retreated safely to Wuyin County (舞陰縣; southeast of present-day Sheqi County, Henan), and he broke down in tears when he heard of Dian Wei's death. He ordered his men to retrieve Dian Wei's body and personally attended the funeral and had Dian Wei buried in Xiangyi County (襄邑縣; present-day Sui County, Henan). Later, whenever Cao Cao passed by Dian Wei's grave, he would stop to pay his respects and mourn Dian Wei.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Cao Cao appointed Dian Wei's son, Dian Man (典滿), as a "langzhong" (郎中). Cao Cao missed Dian Wei later so he promoted Dian Man to Major (司馬) and kept Dian Man close to him. After Cao Cao died in 220, his son Cao Pi appointed Dian Man as a Commandant (都尉) and granted him the title of a Secondary Marquis (關內侯).

paragraph: Section::::In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

paragraph: Dian Wei appears as a character in the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which romanticises the historical events before and during the Three Kingdoms period.

paragraph: Dian Wei first appeared in Chapter 10, and he was first introduced by Xiahou Dun to Cao Cao sometime in 193. According to Xiahou Dun, Dian Wei used to serve Zhang Miao but he could not get along well with Zhang's men, and he once killed tens of men before fleeing into the hills. While Xiahou Dun was out hunting, he saw Dian Wei chasing a deer across a stream and he brought the man back to his lord. Xiahou Dun continued to tell Cao Cao about Dian Wei's background and physical prowess. Cao Cao then asked Dian Wei to demonstrate his skills. At that time, a huge banner was swaying in the wind and was on the verge of collapsing. Many of Cao Cao's men were unable to keep the banner upright even with their combined efforts. Dian Wei shouted at them to move back and he grabbed the banner pole with one hand and kept it steady. Cao Cao exclaimed, "This is Elai of ancient times!" Dian Wei then became a Commandant under Cao Cao.

paragraph: Dian Wei's death at the Battle of Wancheng is described in greater detail in Chapter 16, but is more exaggerated than his historical biography. In this exaggeration, it was mentioned that Dian Wei was able to pick up the dead bodies of enemies by their feet and swing them as a means of attack, before he was finally killed by raining arrows and piercing spears. At Dian Wei's funeral, Cao Cao wept and told his followers, "I don't feel very sad over the loss of my eldest son (Cao Ang) and my favourite nephew (Cao Anmin). I'm only mourning Dian Wei!"

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Dian Wei appears as a character in Koei's "Dynasty Warriors", "Warriors Orochi", and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" video game series. He also appears in Chan Mou's manhua series "The Ravages of Time", a retelling of the historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguo Yanyi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sima, Guang (1084). "Zizhi Tongjian".

alias:
Tin Wai
Din Wai

description: Military officer under Cao Cao

wikidata_label: Dian Wei

wikipedia_title: Dian Wei


text:
Swedish
ice hockey
center
Örnsköldsviks HF
Division 1
Swedish Hockey League
Modo Hockey
SHL
2012–13 Elitserien season

categories: Modo Hockey players,Timrå IK players,1994 births,Swedish ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: David Gunnarsson

paragraph: David Gunnarsson (born February 20, 1994) is a Swedish professional ice hockey center. He is currently playing with Örnsköldsviks HF of Division 1. He formerly played in the top tier Swedish Hockey League (SHL) with Modo Hockey.

paragraph: Gunnarsson made his Elitserien (now the SHL) debut playing with Modo Hockey during the 2012–13 Elitserien season.

description: Swedish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: David Gunnarsson

wikipedia_title: David Gunnarsson


text:
urban planner
Jugendstil
Berlin Institute of Technology
Königsberg
Prussia
gymnasium
Berlin Institute of Technology
Hermann Ende
Carl Schäfer
Johannes Otzen
Johann Eduard Jacobsthal
Nuremberg
Reichstag
Greater Berlin
Rudolf Eberstadt
Richard Petersen
Spree River
Friedrichstrasse
Prussia
Deutscher Werkbund
World War I
Bonn
Traben-Trarbach
German Embassy
Washington
Zollern II/IV Colliery
Dortmund
Düsseldorf
Mexico City
Chopo University Museum
First World War

categories: Technical University of Berlin alumni,People from Königsberg,People from the Province of Prussia,German architects,German urban planners,1863 births,1929 deaths

paragraph: Bruno Möhring

paragraph: Bruno Möhring (11 December 1863 – 25/26 March 1929) was a German architect, urban planner, designer and a professor in Berlin. He was one of the most important architects of the Jugendstil style in Germany. He received his education at the Berlin Institute of Technology.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Möhring was born on 11 December 1863, at Königsberg (East Prussia) to Karl Theodor Möhring and Maria Dorothea Kretschmann Möhring (Kretschmann). His father was an accountant and attorney. After completing the gymnasium in Königsberg, Möhring spent a year training as an apprentice to a builder. He then studied architecture at the Berlin Institute of Technology. His tutors at the institute were Hermann Ende, Carl Schäfer, Johannes Otzen and Johann Eduard Jacobsthal (well known as the architect of major bridges). As part of his training in architecture, Möhring toured Italy and places of medieval German architecture in Nuremberg. His visit to Italy helped him to gain knowledge of the historical development of architecture.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Möhring, who was more interested in practical than theoretical aspects of architectural design, started his career as a staff architect with the Berlin Offices for Civil Engineering. Here, between 1888 and 1890, he honed his skills in construction and material technology. He then launched his own business and specialized initially in architectural decoration of iron structures, particularly bridges.

paragraph: In 1907, the Berlin Architects Association invited architects to submit plans for the development of Berlin's public buildings. Bruno and his associate Rudolph Eberstadt submitted a proposal for an imperial forum in which the Ministry of War building was proposed opposite to the Reichstag, which was symbolic “of the army and the people, the true bearers of German greatness and power unified in the monuments of architecture”.

paragraph: In 1910, apart from bridges, he became associated with urban planning, working in Greater Berlin with associates, Rudolf Eberstadt and Richard Petersen. He and his colleagues developed plans for the Südgelände in Schöneberg and the central district of Berlin-Treptow.

paragraph: During the early decades of the 20th century, a period when most European architects expressed distaste for the skyscrapers being built in the United States, Möhring expressed his admiration for America's high-rise buildings. In contrast to his German contemporaries who were disturbed by the lack of uniformity in the dimensions and designs of the high-rises, he expressed a preference for buildings of different heights, saying it would be "unbearable" to occupy an environment of "office buildings [that] were all of the same size". He suggested that competitions to have the tallest building “gave life to the city.” He urged the construction of new high-rise buildings in Berlin to symbolize the city's enduring vitality and show the world that "Berlin will continue to be a metropolis". As one of the first German architects to embrace the skyscraper as a design concept, he designed and proposed a skyscraper building in Berlin in 1914 at a triangular site on the banks of the Spree River adjacent to the Friedrichstrasse railway station. In 1920, he played a leading role in persuading the Prussian interior ministry to increase the maximum height for buildings from to .

paragraph: He was a member of several professional organizations such as the Berlin Architects' Association (VBA) (in 1891), Architects Association of Berlin (GCI), a member of the Deutscher Werkbund (DWB), German Association for Arts and Crafts, and many more. In the yearbooks of 1912 and 1913, he is mentioned as a local steward for the District of Berlin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Journalist

paragraph: In 1906, he was a permanent editor of the urban design journal "Der Städtebau".

paragraph: After World War I, he began publishing and editing articles in the urban planning journal "Stadtbaukunst", of which he was co-editor from 1920.

paragraph: Section::::Notable structures.

paragraph: Some of the important bridges and other structures in which his architectural, design and building skills have been found notable are: The Swinemünder Bridge (1902–05) at Berlin, a bridge; the Rhine Bridge at Bonn, the Mosel Bridge at Traben-Trarbach, and design for the German Embassy at Washington for which he received first prize among 270 competitors. Möhring's design for the entrance to the machine hall for the Zollern II/IV Colliery in Dortmund, now the headquarters of the Westphalian Industrial Museum, is considered a fine example of Jugendstil design in an industrial setting. A Möhring building from the 1902 Düsseldorf was brought to Mexico City and now houses the Chopo University Museum of contemporary art.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Möhring married Anna Burghardt (1866–1939). They had three sons. Hans Joachim was the youngest who died in 1907 as a child. His second son Bruno, born in 1899, died in the First World War. Their eldest son, born in 1897, also became an architect like his father, inherited his legacy but died prematurely in 1945 and could not live long to promote his father's Jugendstil architecture.

paragraph: During the last stages of his life Bruno Möhring suffered many illnesses. He died in Berlin on 25/26 March 1929.

description: German architect (1863-1929)

wikidata_label: Bruno Möhring

wikipedia_title: Bruno Möhring


text:
Rome
Italian
Perugia
Tommaso Minardi
Silvestro Massari
Margherita Lazi
Marianna Candidi Dionigi

categories: Italian male painters,Year of birth missing,19th-century Italian painters,Umbrian painters,18th-century Italian painters,19th-century male artists,1817 deaths

paragraph: Carlo Labruzzo

paragraph: Carlo Labruzzo (born in Rome), was an Italian painter, primarily of landscapes.

paragraph: In 1798, he was nominated professor at the Academy of Fine Arts of Perugia, and in 1812, he became director. He died in Perugia in December 1817. He was replaced by Tommaso Minardi. Among his pupils in Perugia are Silvestro Massari, Margherita Lazi, and Marianna Candidi Dionigi.

alias:
Carlo Labruzzi
Labroutzi
Labruzzi
Labruzzy
N. La Brucci

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Carlo Labruzzo

wikipedia_title: Carlo Labruzzo


text:
professional baseball
third baseman
Philadelphia Phillies
Dartmouth College
minor league baseball
Major League Baseball
Miami Marlins
Spruce Creek High School
Port Orange, Florida
Dartmouth College
sociology
economics
college baseball
Dartmouth
Bob Whalen
American football
Ivy League
batting title
Kansas City Royals
2004 Major League Baseball Draft
signing bonus
minor league baseball
Idaho Falls Chukars
Rookie-level
Pioneer League
temp
Charles Schwab Corporation
batting average
Omaha Royals
Class AAA
Pacific Coast League
free agent
Atlanta Braves
spring training
Mississippi Braves
Class AA
Southern League
Gwinnett Braves
International League
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Salt Lake Bees
Miami Marlins
New Orleans Zephyrs
Seattle Mariners
Arizona Diamondbacks
Miami Marlins
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Deltona, Florida
Miami Marlins
St. Louis Cardinals
Houston Astros
Washington Nationals

categories: Miami Marlins players,Idaho Falls Chukars players,Dartmouth Big Green baseball players,People from DeLand, Florida,Burlington Bees players,Gwinnett Braves players,1982 births,New Orleans Zephyrs players,Mississippi Braves players,Omaha Royals players,High Desert Mavericks players,Major League Baseball third basemen,Living people,Tacoma Rainiers players,Northwest Arkansas Naturals players,Jupiter Hammerheads players,Sportspeople from Grand Rapids, Michigan,Salt Lake Bees players,Miami Marlins coaches,Round Rock Express players,Baseball players from Michigan

paragraph: Ed Lucas (baseball)

paragraph: Edward Lee Lucas (born May 21, 1982) is an American former professional baseball third baseman and current coach for the Philadelphia Phillies.

paragraph: After graduating from Dartmouth College in 2004, Lucas played in minor league baseball through 2013, when he made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the Miami Marlins.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Lucas attended Spruce Creek High School in Port Orange, Florida, and Dartmouth College. He graduated from Dartmouth in 2004 with a degree in sociology and economics. Lucas played college baseball for Dartmouth under head coach Bob Whalen; and also played American football in his freshman year. Lucas won the Ivy League batting title as a senior, and was named Ivy League Player of the Year and received honors as Dartmouth's Most Outstanding Male Athlete of the Year.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Kansas City Royals.

paragraph: The Kansas City Royals selected Lucas in the eighth round of the 2004 Major League Baseball Draft. As Lucas could not return to college, he had little leverage in negotiations, and received a $1,000 signing bonus. He made his minor league baseball debut with the Idaho Falls Chukars of the Rookie-level Pioneer League, and earned $101 a month after expenses. Needing to work during the offseason, Lucas took jobs in construction, substitute teaching, bartending, and as a temp for the Charles Schwab Corporation.

paragraph: Lucas had a .307 batting average for the Omaha Royals of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL) in 2010, but the Royals did not promote him to the major leagues.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: A free agent after the season, Lucas signed with the Atlanta Braves, receiving an invitation to spring training in 2011. He played for the Mississippi Braves of the Class AA Southern League and Gwinnett Braves of the Class AAA International League in 2011, but had a .238 batting average.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Los Angeles Angels.

paragraph: He signed with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim for the 2012 season, which he spent with the Salt Lake Bees of the PCL, batting .262.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Miami Marlins.

paragraph: In 2013, Lucas signed with the Miami Marlins. After batting .304 in his first 46 games with the New Orleans Zephyrs of the PCL, the Marlins promoted Lucas to the major leagues for the first time on May 29, 2013. He played in 94 total games, hitting .256, with 4 home runs and 28 runs batted in. The next season, Lucas continued his utility role, batting .251 in 69 games.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Texas Rangers.

paragraph: Lucas was claimed by the Texas Rangers on October 10, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Seattle Mariners.

paragraph: During the 2015-16 offseason, he signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners. He was released on May 18, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Arizona Diamondbacks.

paragraph: On May 20th, 2016, Lucas signed a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks. Free agent on November 2, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Post Playing Career.

paragraph: Lucas was hired in December 2016 as an administrative coach with the Miami Marlins.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lucas was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, but raised in Deltona, Florida. His parents are Ed and Sallie Lucas and he has one younger sister, Stevie Lucas. He is married. His wife, Holly Meyer Lucas, gave birth to their first child in September 2013 and second in September 2015. Holly is a Realtor and the president of Meyer Lucas Real Estate in Jupiter, Florida. Her clients include notable professional athletes, baseball players and coaches with the Miami Marlins, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros and Washington Nationals organizations.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Ed Lucas

wikipedia_title: Ed Lucas (baseball)


text:
Leslie, Fife
Fife
Earl of Rothes
Peerage of Scotland
James II
George Leslie
James IV

categories: Earls of Rothes,1490 deaths,Year of birth uncertain

paragraph: George Leslie, 1st Earl of Rothes

paragraph: George Leslie, 1st Earl of Rothes (c. 1406/1417–1490) was a Scottish nobleman and the first to hold the title of

paragraph: "Earl of Rothes", a hereditary title of the ruler of Leslie, Fife and the lands belonging to the Earl of Rothes.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: George was the son of Norman Leslie of Fythkill in Fife, and was born sometime between 1406 and 1417. George was the brother of Elizabeth Leslie and father of George Leslie, First Laird of Aikenway; Christian Sinclair, Countess of Orkney; Andrew Leslie, Master of Rothes; Lady Elizabeth Leslie and John Leslie, First Laird of Pitnamoon. He was also the husband of Margaret Lundie, Christina Halyburton and Elizabeth Campbell.

paragraph: Section::::Lord Leslie and Earl of Rothes.

paragraph: George was created Lord Leslie in 1445, and the title of Earl of Rothes was created in 1458 in the Peerage of Scotland for him by James II.

paragraph: He died in 1490 at between 76 and 92 years old at the time; most likely 84.

paragraph: Section::::Successor.

paragraph: Rothes was succeeded by his son, also called George Leslie, who ruled as Earl from 1492 to 1509. It is not known why there was a brief interregnum of Earls from 1490 to 1492, also some say James IV prevented him from being Earl until 1492.

description: Scottish nobleman

wikidata_label: George Leslie, 1st Earl of Rothes

wikipedia_title: George Leslie, 1st Earl of Rothes


text: American football

text: running back

text: 2011 NFL Draft

text: Washington Redskins

text: college football

text: Penn State University

text: Westfield High School

text: Chantilly, Virginia

text: Washington Post

text: Rivals.com

text: Maryland

text: Nebraska

text: Virginia Tech

text: lacrosse

text: Virginia

text: Johns Hopkins

text: redshirt

text: Penn State

text: Virginia

text: Football Bowl Subdivision

text: Virginia Tech Hokies

text: Nebraska Cornhuskers

text: Florida Gators

text: Maryland Terrapins

text: college football

text: FIU Golden Panthers

text: 2007 season

text: Rodney Kinlaw

text: 2007 Alamo Bowl

text: Texas A&M Aggies

text: Coastal Carolina Chanticleers

text: Beaver Stadium

text: Division I FCS

text: touchdown

text: Oregon State Beavers

text: Syracuse Orange

text: Temple Owls

text: Purdue

text: Wisconsin Badgers

text: AP poll

text: Michigan Wolverines

text: Ohio State

text: The Horseshoe

text: Iowa Hawkeyes

text: Hoosiers of Indiana University

text: 2010 Capital One Bowl

text: 2010 NFL Draft

text: Curt Warner

text: Michigan

text: touchdown

text: East-West Shrine Game

text: Citrus Bowl Stadium

text: Orlando, Florida

text: 2011 NFL Draft

text: Washington Redskins

text: Ryan Torain

text: Roy Helu

text: Tashard Choice

text: Tim Hightower

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: Philadelphia Eagles

text: Roy Helu

text: Tim Hightower

text: 2012 season

text: Roy Helu

text: Tim Hightower

text: Alfred Morris

text: Carolina Panthers

text: Cleveland Browns

text: Kansas City Chiefs

text: 2014 season

text: Silas Redd

text: Atlanta Falcons

text: All-America

text: Stanford

text: wide receiver

text: Washington Redskins bio

text: Penn State Nittany Lions bio

text: Altoona Mirror

categories: Players of American football from Virginia,Washington Redskins players,1987 births,Penn State Nittany Lions football players,Sportspeople from Fairfax, Virginia,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Evan Royster

paragraph: Evan Mathias Royster (born November 26, 1987) is a former American football running back. He was drafted in the sixth round of the 2011 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins. He played college football at Penn State University, where he was a three-year starter and an all-time leading rusher.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Royster attended Westfield High School in Chantilly, Virginia, where he totalled 6,384 yards on 750 carries (8.5 avg.) and 90 touchdowns and helped Westfield win three Concorde District Championships. As a sophomore, he ran for 1,690 yards and 22 touchdowns leading Westfield to their first state championship in school history. He added 2,160 yards and 30 touchdowns in his junior year. During his senior year, Royster amassed 2,200 rushing yards and again tallied 30 touchdowns. He was a first-team all-state selection and "Washington Post" first-team All-Met.

paragraph: Regarded as a three-star recruit by "Rivals.com", Royster was listed as the #26 running back prospect in the class of 2006. He chose Penn State over offers from Maryland, Nebraska, and Virginia Tech.

paragraph: While at Westfield High School, Royster was one of the most coveted lacrosse prospects in the country. He scored 33 goals as a senior and played in the prestigious North-South All-American Lacrosse all-star game. He was heavily recruited by traditional lacrosse powerhouses such as Virginia and Johns Hopkins.

paragraph: Royster became the second player in Westfield Bulldog football history to have his jersey retired. The Bulldogs retired Royster's #24 jersey during halftime of a 2012 game when the Bulldogs went up against Fairfax High School Rebels. Royster's #24 was second to Eddie Royal's #5 when Royal had his jersey retired in 2009 when the Bulldogs went up against the Chantilly High School Chargers.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Royster redshirted during his freshmen year at Penn State. Royster, recruited out of Virginia, chose Penn State over other NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly known as Division I-A) programs across the country like the Virginia Tech Hokies, the Nebraska Cornhuskers, the Florida Gators and the Maryland Terrapins.

paragraph: Royster made his college football debut on September 1, 2007 against the FIU Golden Panthers. He played a significant role in the Penn State offense for the 2007 season. He was the second leading rusher behind Rodney Kinlaw, rushing for 513 yards on 82 carries for a 5.3 yards per carry average. He scored the game-winning touchdown in the third quarter of the 2007 Alamo Bowl against the Texas A&M Aggies.

paragraph: Royster made his season debut against the Coastal Carolina Chanticleers on August 30, 2008 at Beaver Stadium. Royster and the offense helped guide the Nittany Lions to a 66-10 defeat of Division I FCS Chanticleers. Royster saw limited action in the rout. He had 64 yards on 8 carries for a career-high 3 touchdowns. Royster was pulled from the game following his third touchdown at the beginning of the third quarter when Coach Paterno sat all his starters in favor of the backups.

paragraph: On September 6, 2008, against the Oregon State Beavers, Royster put up 141 yards on 17 carries. He added 3 touchdowns in the 45-14 blowout win before being taken out of the game. He was named the Big Ten Co-Offensive player of the week.

paragraph: Royster had his second straight 100-yard game against the Syracuse Orange on September 13, 2008. He gained 101 yards on 13 carries in the 55-13 victory.

paragraph: In Penn State's 45-3 rout of the Temple Owls, Royster rushed 9 times for 73 yards and tacked on a touchdown.

paragraph: Royster picked up 139 yards on 19 carries in Penn State's 38-24 win over Illinois.

paragraph: In the second Big Ten matchup of the 2008 season, Royster powered Penn State past Purdue with 141 yards and a touchdown on 18 carries. He also added 53 receiving yards on four catches.

paragraph: Royster added 60 yards and a touchdown on 14 carries in Penn State's 48-7 thrashing of the Wisconsin Badgers on October 11. His contributions led to Penn State being ranked number 3 in the country in the October 13 AP poll.

paragraph: Against the Michigan Wolverines (who had beaten Penn State 9 straight times leading into the October 17 tilt), Royster set a career rushing high. Royster ran for 174 yards on 18 carries, with a 44-yard TD run in the first quarter. He also added 3 catches for 13 yards in the 46-17 homecoming victory.

paragraph: On October 25, 2008, Royster rushed 19 times for 77 yards in Penn State's game against Ohio State. He tacked on 20 receiving yards on 3 catches in the Nittany Lions' 13-6 triumph. The win against the then 9th-ranked Buckeyes was Penn State's first victory at The Horseshoe since 1978.

paragraph: Leading the then 3rd-ranked Nittany Lions against the Iowa Hawkeyes, Royster set a career-high with 26 carries. He managed 90 yards and a touchdown in the shocking 24-23 upset loss to the Hawkeyes in Iowa City.

paragraph: On November 15, 2008, the Nittany Lions squared off against the Hoosiers of Indiana University. Royster rushed for 63 yards on 12 carries in chilly, rainy atmosphere of Beaver Stadium. Bouncing off three tacklers, he added his 11th rushing touchdown of the year on a 19-yard run in the third quarter. After leading 10-7 at the half, Penn State pulled away for a 34-7 victory.

paragraph: Royster got off to a slow start, getting just 102 yards on 26 carries vs. Akron and Syracuse, but rebounded vs. Temple, rushing 19 times for 134 yards. The next week vs. Iowa Royster got just 69 yards on 17 carries, but vs. Illinois he got 105 yards on 17 carries, with a long of 20 and a touchdown. Against Eastern Illinois, he got 94 yards on just eight carries, for an 11.8 yards per carry average. His next three games versus Minnesota, Michigan, and Northwestern, he got over 100 yards in each of those games, averaging over 6 yards per carry overall in those 3 games. Following Penn State's victory at the 2010 Capital One Bowl, Royster announced that he would forgo the 2010 NFL Draft and play his senior year at Penn State.

paragraph: Royster completed his senior season as Penn State's all-time leading rusher having passed Curt Warner's nearly 30-year-old record during the Michigan game. He completed the season with 1014 rushing yards, making him the only Penn State running back with three 1,000+ yard seasons. His career totals amounted to 3,932 yards on 686 carries, with 29 rushing touchdowns.

paragraph: Royster was selected to play in the 86th East-West Shrine Game played on January 22, 2011, at the Citrus Bowl Stadium in Orlando, Florida.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.:2011 Season.

paragraph: Royster was drafted 177th overall in the 2011 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins.

paragraph: He was expected to compete with former Redskins' running back, Ryan Torain, and fellow 2011 Redskins' draftee, Roy Helu, but Royster did not make the 53-man roster and was cut on September 3.

paragraph: On September 4, 2011, Royster was signed to the practice squad.

paragraph: He was elevated to the Redskins active roster on November 22, 2011 when the Redskins waived Tashard Choice following Tim Hightower's season-ending injury.

paragraph: In Week 12 against the Seattle Seahawks, Royster made his NFL debut. Royster would have his first career start in Week 16 against the Minnesota Vikings, getting 132 yards on only 19 carries.

paragraph: In Week 17 against the Philadelphia Eagles, Royster recorded 113 yards on 20 carries while suffering rib injuries.

paragraph: At the end of his rookie season, Royster recorded 328 yards on 56 carries making him the second leader in rushing yards behind fellow rookie, Roy Helu, and beating the original starting running back, Tim Hightower.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.:2012 Season.

paragraph: Royster was expected to compete for the starting spot in the 2012 season against Roy Helu and Tim Hightower, but lost the competition to rookie Alfred Morris. Before starting the season, he changed his jersey number to 22, his college jersey number. He scored his first career touchdown in Week 9 against the Carolina Panthers. In the Week 15 win over the Cleveland Browns, he would score his second career touchdown.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.:2013 Season.

paragraph: With the return of Helu, Royster was made the third-string running back and played more on special teams. He was placed on injured reserve after suffering a high ankle sprain after the Week 14 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.:2014 Season.

paragraph: The Redskins released Royster on August 30, 2014 for final roster cuts before the start of the 2014 season, losing the third-string running back position to former Penn State teammate, Silas Redd.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.:2015 Season.

paragraph: Royster signed with the Atlanta Falcons on August 16, 2015. He was waived/injured by the Falcons on August 26, 2015. On the following day, he cleared waivers and was reverted to the Falcons' injured reserve list. On September 1, 2015, he was released by the Falcons with an injury settlement.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On May 30, 2014, Evan married his longtime girlfriend Jaclyn McDonald. Evan is the younger brother of former "Parade" All-American and Stanford wide receiver Brandon Royster. He is also the younger brother of Cosmo's 2008 Virginia Bachelor Kyle Royster.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington Redskins bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penn State Nittany Lions bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green with envy: Royster, not Green, emerges as star RB, Cory Giger, "Altoona Mirror", December 22, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penn State: RB Evan Royster is eager to embrace expanded role in offense, Ron Mussleman, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, August 16, 2009

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Evan Royster

wikipedia_title: Evan Royster


text:
1917 revolution
Sea Cadet Corps
Port Arthur
attack on Port Arthur
Russo-Japanese War
Order of St Vladimir
Stepan Makarov
Port Arthur
Siege of Port Arthur
Order of Saint Stanislaus
Black Sea Fleet
Libau
Order of St Anna
Kronstadt
"Gangut"-class
Baltic Fleet
"Imperatritsa Mariya"-class
Black Sea Fleet
Duma
World War I
State Council
Octobrist Party
Maria Feodorovna
February Revolution
Soviet Union
pneumonia
Aleksey Krylov
France
exile
poverty
oil painting
seascape
Menton
urn
ashes
Novorossiysk
Saint Petersburg
Alexander Nevsky Lavra
"Admiral Grigorovich"-class
Short biography

categories: Admirals of World War I,Imperial Russian politicians,Government ministers of Russia,1853 births,Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 1st class,Members of the State Council of the Russian Empire,Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War,Imperial Russian Navy admirals,Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class,Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class,1930 deaths,Russian military personnel of World War I

paragraph: Ivan Grigorovich

paragraph: Ivan Konstantinovich Grigorovich () (26 January 1853 – 3 March 1930) served as Imperial Russia's last Naval Minister from 1911 until the onset of the 1917 revolution.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Grigorovich was from a Russian noble family and opted for a military career after the death of his father, Konstantin Ivanovich Grigorovich. Graduating from the Sea Cadet Corps in 1874 Grigorovich served as an officer on various ships. In 1893, he was promoted to captain, 1st rank. In 1896 to 1898 he was appointed Russian naval attaché in London. In 1899 he appointed to command the battleship , which was being completed in France. In 1903 "Tseserevish" sailed to Port Arthur.

paragraph: During the surprise Japanese torpedo boats attack on Port Arthur, starting the Russo-Japanese War, "Tsesarevich" was hit by a Japanese torpedo but remained afloat and contributed to driving off the Japanese attack. Grigorovich was awarded the Order of St Vladimir, 3rd class with swords for his role in the battle. After the death of Admiral Stepan Makarov, he was promoted to rear admiral and appointed chief of Port Arthur's port. Under his effective management, Russian Pacific squadron had no shortage of coal, munitions or any supplies during the Siege of Port Arthur. In 1904 he was also awarded with the Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class.

paragraph: Section::::As admiral.

paragraph: After the end of the war Grigorovich was appointed chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. He was appointed commander of the naval base at Libau in 1908 awarded the Order of St Anna, 1st class, and became commander of the naval base at Kronstadt in 1909. In 1909 he was appointed Deputy Navy Minister and promoted to admiral in 1911. From 1911 until the onset of revolution in 1917 he served as Russia's Naval Minister, overseeing a huge rearmament programme. The naval build-up included building four "Gangut"-class battleships for the Baltic Fleet and four "Imperatritsa Mariya"-class battleships for the Black Sea Fleet. He personally visited the shipyards and the different fleets of Imperial Russia to supervise the progress of the construction of warships, training of aircrew and sailors. He enjoyed good relationships with the Duma and used his popularity to secure huge extra funds to expand the navy. He remained in charge of the Imperial Russian Navy through most of World War I. He was chairman of the Admiralty Board from 1911 to 1915, and was a member of the State Council from 1913 to 1917.

paragraph: Grigorovich was politically sympathetic to the Octobrist Party and was nominated as a candidate for Prime Minister in 1916; however his candidacy was rejected due to objections from dowager tsarina Maria Feodorovna over Grigorovich’s liberal views.

paragraph: Section::::Post-Revolution.

paragraph: Grigorovich was dismissed from office in the wake of the February Revolution on 31 March 1917. He served on the Historical Commission and was asked to write his memoirs (which were only published in 1993, after the fall of the Soviet Union. However, he was dismissed in October 1921 due to downsizing, and lived in extreme poverty, suffering frequently from pneumonia and for sometime lived in the apartment of Aleksey Krylov. From his retirement he asked for permission to get medical treatment abroad, and left for France in the autumn of 1924. He lived in exile in France in poverty until his death in 1930, with an income by selling his own oil paintings of seascapes. On his death, he was initially buried in the Russian Cemetery in Menton. In 2005 the urn containing his ashes was taken aboard the cruiser , which carried his remains to Novorossiysk. The ashes were then flown to Saint Petersburg and buried in his family vault in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in accordance with his will.

paragraph: The Russian Navy has named the first of the "Admiral Grigorovich"-class frigates after Ivan Grigorovich.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short biography

description: Russian admiral and politician

wikidata_label: Ivan Grigorovich

wikipedia_title: Ivan Grigorovich


text:
Latvia
ice hockey
Dinamo Riga
KHL
Latvian Hockey League
HK Riga 2000
Dinamo Riga
KHL
Latvia men's national ice hockey team
2003
2005
2009
2006 Winter Olympics
Sandis Ozoliņš
Ģirts Ankipāns
Dinamo Riga

categories: Dinamo Riga players,Latvian sports coaches,Lillehammer IK players,HK Riga 2000 players,Sportspeople from Riga,1975 births,Latvian sportspeople,Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Latvian ice hockey coaches,Latvian ice hockey players,Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics,Olympic ice hockey players of Latvia,Living people

paragraph: Ģirts Ankipāns

paragraph: Ģirts Ankipāns (born November 29, 1975) is a retired Latvian ice hockey player and coach. Currently he serves as the head coach of Dinamo Riga in KHL.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Playing career.

paragraph: He started his professional ice hockey career in Latvia, where he played for various local teams. During the 1996-97 season, he became the best goal-scorer of the Latvian Hockey League. Next 7 seasons Ankipāns spent playing in German hockey leagues. Before the 2003-04 season, he returned to Latvia and joined HK Riga 2000.

paragraph: He played five seasons with Dinamo Riga in KHL before retiring as player.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:International career.

paragraph: He has played for the Latvia men's national ice hockey team in 2003, 2005 and 2009 World Championships as well as in 2006 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Coaching career.

paragraph: After ending his career as player Ankipāns joined Dinamo coaching staff as assistant coach. On September 28, 2017, he became the interim head coach of the team, replacing Sandis Ozoliņš. On March 29, 2018 Ankipāns was signed as the head coach.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ģirts Ankipāns at Dinamo Riga

description: Latvian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Ģirts Ankipāns

wikipedia_title: Ģirts Ankipāns


text:
canals of the United Kingdom
slang
towpath
irony
Lincolnshire
dialect
L. T. C. Rolt
Narrow Boat
trainspotting
hobby
canals
paintings
postcard
photographs
Canal locks
trainspotting
inclined plane
water slope
boat lift
Anderton boat lift
Falkirk Wheel
Strépy-Thieu boat lift
Staircase lock
Foxton Locks
Grand Union Canal
Fradley Junction
Staffordshire
Falkirk Wheel
Falkirk
Scotland
Forth and Clyde Canal
Union Canal
Rochdale Canal
Manchester
Mardi Gras
Fonserannes
Canal du Midi
Southern France
Languedoc
Aircraft spotting
Birdwatching
Bus spotting
Kibitzing
Trainspotting

paragraph: Gongoozler

paragraph: A gongoozler is a person who enjoys watching activity on the canals of the United Kingdom. The term is also used more generally to describe those who harbour an interest in canals and canal life, but do not actively participate.

paragraph: Section::::Etymology.

paragraph: "Gongoozler" may have been canal workers' slang for an observer standing apparently idle on the towpath. Though it was used derisively in the past, today the term is regularly used, perhaps with a little irony, by gongoozlers to describe themselves and their hobby.

paragraph: The word may have arisen from words in Lincolnshire dialect: "gawn" and "gooze", both meaning to stare or gape. It might be presumed that such an expression would date from the nineteenth century, when canals were at their peak, but the word is only recorded from the end of that century or the early twentieth. It was given wider use by the late L. T. C. Rolt, who used it in his book about canal life, "Narrow Boat", in 1944. A "gawn" is also a small ship of lading, such as a working-narrowboat.

paragraph: The term "gongoozler" may also be used in any circumstance in which people are spectating without contributing to either the content or interest of an event.

paragraph: Section::::Aspects of gongoozling.

paragraph: Gongoozling, much like trainspotting, is a hobby that can extend to all aspects of canals.

paragraph: Section::::Aspects of gongoozling.:Canal artwork.

paragraph: The collection or creation of canal related artwork is a common pastime amongst gongoozlers. This includes paintings, postcards and photographs.

paragraph: Section::::Aspects of gongoozling.:Canal locks.

paragraph: Canal locks often attract spectators, including gongoozlers, because the operation of manual canal locks is a complex affair, with a number of opportunities for mistakes to be made. Some observers have been known to heckle or harass the boat crews, whilst others carry a lock windlass and actively wish to help boat crews with their passage, by opening the paddles, or helping push open the heavy balance beams on the gates.

paragraph: Section::::Aspects of gongoozling.:Canal history and technology.

paragraph: Whilst trainspotting is commonly associated with identifying engine makes, it is rare for Gongoozlers to do likewise. However an interest can occur for the history of a section of canal, or the operation of locks and alternative devices such as inclined planes, water slopes, and boat lifts with types like the Anderton boat lift, the Falkirk Wheel and the Strépy-Thieu boat lift.

paragraph: Section::::Notable locations.

paragraph: Staircase locks, which can hold many boats at once, are very popular amongst gongoozlers, making Foxton Locks on the Leicester Line of the Grand Union Canal an ideal location for gongoozling.

paragraph: Fradley Junction in Staffordshire is a popular place to observe canal traffic, as are many other junctions, due to the occasional need for three boats to pass.

paragraph: The Falkirk Wheel, near Falkirk in Scotland, which connects the Forth and Clyde Canal with the Union Canal, is a huge and spectacular feat of engineering, and attracts very large numbers of gongoozlers.

paragraph: Some locations have become known for their gongoozlers thanks to local events that encourage an increased number of observers. Princess Street lock on the Rochdale Canal in Manchester city centre is normally quite quiet, but it becomes a popular attraction during the Manchester Mardi Gras (which is actually held in late August).

paragraph: The eight locks of Fonserannes on the Canal du Midi in Southern France attract so many gongoozlers that they have become the third most popular tourist attraction in Languedoc.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aircraft spotting

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birdwatching

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bus spotting

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kibitzing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trainspotting

description: Normally a short, silver haired, Irish man with too many opinions

wikidata_label: Gongoozler

wikipedia_title: Gongoozler


text:
Spanish
conquistador
rebel
Mexico
Honduras
Zaragoza
Cuba
Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
Juan de Grijalva
hurricane
Hernán Cortés
Battle of Otumba
Purépecha
Siege of Tenochtitlan
Xochimilco
quartermaster
Tlaxcala
Jalisco
Colima
West Mexico
conquer Honduras
Havana
Puerto Caballos
Triunfo de la Cruz
Francisco de Las Casas
storm
Bernal Díaz del Castillo
beheaded
Naco
Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas
murder
Gonzalo de Sandoval
Pedro de Alvarado

categories: 1487 births,1524 deaths,People from Zaragoza,Spanish conquistadors,Colonial Mexico,16th-century Spanish people,Aztec

paragraph: Cristóbal de Olid

paragraph: Cristóbal de Olid (; 1487–1524) was a Spanish adventurer, conquistador and rebel who played a part in the conquest of Mexico and Honduras.

paragraph: Born in Zaragoza, Olid grew up in the household of the governor of Cuba, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar. In 1518 Velázquez sent Olid to relieve Juan de Grijalva, but en route a hurricane caused the loss of Olid's anchors, and he returned to Cuba. On January 10, 1519, Olid sailed with Hernán Cortés's fleet, as his quartermaster, and took an active part in the conquest of Mexico. He fought at the Battle of Otumba on 14 July 1520, and also took part in the campaign against the Purépechas.

paragraph: During the Siege of Tenochtitlan, Cristóbal was one of Cortés' key captains, playing a critical role in the capture of Xochimilco. Cristobal was the Texcoco camp commander during the trial of Antonio de Villafana, for his plot to assassinate Cortes. Cristobal commanded one of four forces under Cortes, and acted as quartermaster. Olid helped save Cortes at one point, when he was seized by the Mexicans in one of the causeway battles.

paragraph: Cortés sent Olid to Michoacan, after he had married a Portuguese lady.

paragraph: In 1522, Olid led Spanish soldiers with Tlaxcalan allies in the conquests of Jalisco and

paragraph: Colima in West Mexico .

paragraph: In 1523, Cortés made Olid the leader of an expedition to conquer Honduras, but while resupplying in Havana, Olid (at a suggestion by Velázquez) declared his independence from New Spain and set out to conquer Honduras for himself. Landing east of Puerto Caballos, he founded the settlement of Triunfo de la Cruz. Many of Olid's supporters moved to Naco, where there was good agricultural land and gold. When Cortés learnt of Olid's rebellion, he sent Francisco de Las Casas against Olid with two warships. Despite the fact that both these ships were destroyed in a storm and many of his soldiers defected to Olid, Las Casas defeated Olid in battle and captured him.

paragraph: Accounts of how Olid died vary; Bernal Díaz del Castillo asserts in his "Verdadera Historia de la Conquista de Nueva España" that Las Casas had him beheaded at Naco, while Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas wrote that Olid's own soldiers rose up against and then murdered him.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gonzalo de Sandoval

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pedro de Alvarado

description: Spanish conquistador

wikidata_label: Cristóbal de Olid

wikipedia_title: Cristóbal de Olid


text:
Veneto
Tuscan
Massa di Carrara
Colonnata
Jacopo Sansovino
Rome
Sack of Rome (1527)
San Salvador
Padua
Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua
Zecca
Giorgio Vasari
ouroboros
Sant'Anastasia
Verona
Leonardo Loredan
church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo
Giorgio Vasari
Padua

categories: Italian male sculptors,1509 births,16th-century Italian sculptors

paragraph: Danese Cattaneo

paragraph: Danese Cattaneo (c1512? - 1572) was an Italian sculptor and medallist, active mainly in the Veneto Region.

paragraph: Danese was Tuscan in origin, born in either Massa di Carrara or Colonnata. He produced primarily sculptures of religious and historical subjects and portrait busts. From an early age he was a pupil of Jacopo Sansovino in Rome, and left the city, as Sansovino and many other artists did, after the Sack of Rome (1527).

paragraph: In Sansovino's circle at Venice, he made a reputation in 1530 with his "St Jerome" at the base of the organ in San Salvador.

paragraph: He was invited to Padua in 1533 to take part in the stucco decorations for the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua. He also sculpted the sepulchre there of Alessandro Contarini, a Venetian general. Once again in Venice, he was part of the collaborative team providing architectural enrichments for Sansovino's great projects.

paragraph: In Venice he sculpted the statue of Apollo over the well in the centre of the court of the Zecca. According to Giorgio Vasari, Danese composed the rich iconographic program himself: Apollo is a young man, sitting on a globe, his head radiant; in the right hand are metal rods, and in the left a sceptre, at the top of which is an eye. A serpent, with his tail in his mouth (ouroboros), encircles the globe.

paragraph: In the church of Sant'Anastasia of Verona, he sculpted a memorial to Giano Fregoso. He also participated in four statues for Doge Leonardo Loredan's monument in the church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo.

paragraph: Giorgio Vasari owed to conversations with Danese many details of Venetian artists in his "Vite". He died in Padua in 1572.

alias:
Cattaneo Danese
Cattaneo

description: Italian artist

wikidata_label: Danese Cattaneo

wikipedia_title: Danese Cattaneo


text:
Czech
ice hockey
HC Dynamo Pardubice
Czech Extraliga
Czech Extraliga
Mountfield HK
2013-14 Czech Extraliga season

categories: Czech ice hockey players,1990 births,Living people,Stadion Hradec Králové players

paragraph: Ondřej Kacetl

paragraph: Ondřej Kacetl (born October 15, 1990) is a Czech professional ice hockey goalie. He is currently playing for HC Dynamo Pardubice of the Czech Extraliga.

paragraph: Kacetl made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with Mountfield HK during the 2013-14 Czech Extraliga season.

description: Czech ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Ondřej Kacetl

wikipedia_title: Ondřej Kacetl


text:
Andreas Hojer
Henrik Stampe
Sorø Academy
Montesquieu
De l'esprit des lois
Danish law

categories: 1710 births,1788 deaths,Danish jurists,Danish judges

paragraph: Peder Kofod Ancher

paragraph: Peder Kofod Ancher (14 June 1710 – 5. July 1788) was a Danish jurist, and with Andreas Hojer and Henrik Stampe one of the most influential jurists in Danemark in the 18th century.

paragraph: After studies of theology and law at the Sorø Academy, Kofod Ancher was appointed professor of law there in 1741. He defended the Danish absolutist monarchy against Enlightenment criticism, writing a polemic against Montesquieu's "De l'esprit des lois" in 1765. His principal work is the first history of Danish law, in which he emphasized the view that Danish law had original roots and was subject to limited influence from other traditions.

paragraph: Kofod Ancher also held several government offices, including auditor-general of the navy since 1753. He was appointed in the same year a judge of the Danish Supreme Court.

description: Danish judge

wikidata_label: Peder Kofod Ancher

wikipedia_title: Peder Kofod Ancher


text:
German
pole vault
2011 World Championships
Official site

categories: World Championships in Athletics athletes for Germany,Olympic athletes of Germany,Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics,German male pole vaulters,1989 births,Living people

paragraph: Karsten Dilla

paragraph: Karsten Dilla (born 17 July 1989) is a German athlete specialising in the pole vault. He represented his country at the 2011 World Championships without qualifying for the final.

paragraph: His personal bests in the event are 5.72 metres outdoors (Jockgrim 2011) and 5.73 metres indoors (Bad Oeynhausen 2012).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

description: German athletics competitor

wikidata_label: Karsten Dilla

wikipedia_title: Karsten Dilla


text:
Maner
Patna
Bihar
Makhdoom Kamaluddin Yahya Maneri
Patna district
Dhaka
Bangladesh
Maner Sharif
Mehrauli
Rajgir
Khanqah
Semnan
Pandua
Malda district
Alaul Haq Pandavi
Chishti
Ashraf Jahangir Semnani
Bihar Sharif
Shawwal

categories: People from Patna district,1262 births,13th-century Indian philosophers,14th-century Indian philosophers,1379 deaths,Indian Sufis

paragraph: Makhdoom Sharfuddin Ahmed Yahya Maneri

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sheikh Sharfuddin Ahmed was born on July 1264 A.D. (Sha'aban 661 A.H.) at Maner, a village near Patna in Bihar. His father was Makhdoom Kamaluddin Yahya Maneri bin Israel bin Taj Faqeeh from Al-Khaleel (Palestine), a Sufi saint of Maner.

paragraph: His maternal grandfather Shahabuddin JagjotBalkhi, whose tomb is located at Kachchi Dargah in Patna district, was also a revered Sufi.

paragraph: At age 12, he left Maner to gain traditional knowledge of Arabic, Persian, logic, philosophy and religion. He was tutored by Ashraf-Uddin Abu Towama Bukhari, a famous scholar from Sonargaon near Narainganj (now in Dhaka, Bangladesh) with whom he spent 24 years.

paragraph: At first, he refused to marry but, upon falling ill, he married Bibi Badaam. He left home after the birth of his son Zakiuddin in 1289 A.D. His son lived and died in Bengal.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After completing his education he left for Delhi where he met Nizamuddin and other Sufis. His elder brother Makhdoom Jaleeluddin Maneri (buried at Badi Dargah in Maner Sharif) accompanied him there, and introduced him to his pir (spiritual master) Sheikh Najeebuddin Firdausi. In Delhi, he became a disciple of Sheikh Najeebuddin Firdausi of Mehrauli and was given the title of Firdausi.

paragraph: To shun material comforts, Sheikh Sharfuddin Ahmed bin Yahya Maneri went into the forest of Bihiya (about 15 miles west of Maner). He later went to Rajgir (about 75 miles east of Maner) where he performed ascetic exercises in the hills. A hot spring close to a place where he often prayed in Rajgir is named Makhdoom Kund in his memory.

paragraph: After 30 years in the forests, Sheikh Sharfuddin Ahmed bin Yahya Maneri settled at Bihar Sharif. Later Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq built a Khanqah for him where he taught and trained disciples in Sufism (Tasawwuf). He devoted his life to teaching and writing.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: The collection of his letters (Maktoobat) and sermons (Malfoozat) received wide acclaim. His Maktoobat is regarded as a ‘working manual’ amongst the highest in Sufi circles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maktubat-i-Sadi, a 'Series of a Hundred Letters' (essays on definite subjects) addressed to his disciple Qazi Shamsuddîn in 747 Hijra.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maktubat-i-Bist-o-hasht, a 'Series of 28 Letters', replies to the correspondence of his senior disciple, Muzaffar, the prince of Balkh.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fawaed-i-Ruknî, brief Notes prepared for the use of his disciple Rukn-ud-dîn.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died in 1381 A.D. (6 Shawwal, 782 Hijri).

paragraph: The funeral prayer was said according to his will, which decreed that it be led by a Sufi from Semnan who was on his way to Pandua in Malda district of West Bengal to pledge spiritual allegiance on the hands of the renowned Sufi Alaul Haq Pandavi and enter into the Chishti spiritual order. Accordingly, Syed Ashraf Jahangir Semnani led the funeral prayers.

paragraph: His tomb lies at Badi Dargah (Bihar Sharif Nalanda), in a mosque to the east of a large tank, with masonry walls and ghats, and pillared porticos. The tomb is situated in an enclosure half filled with graves and ancient tress, on the north and west of which are three domed mosque and cloisters. His tomb is a place of sanctity for devout Muslims. A five-day Urs is celebrated every year from 5th Shawwal with traditional zeal.

wikidata_label: Makhdoom Sharfuddin Ahmed Yahya Maneri

wikipedia_title: Makhdoom Sharfuddin Ahmed Yahya Maneri