text:
American football
wide receiver
Los Angeles Rams
National Football League
college football
Prairie View A&M
D'Lo, Mississippi
high school football
Alcorn State
Hinds Community College
Prairie View A&M
SWAC
Los Angeles Rams
undrafted free agent
Seattle Seahawks
Los Angeles Rams bio
Prairie View A&M Panthers bio

categories: Players of American football from Mississippi,Hinds Eagles football players,American football wide receivers,Prairie View A&M Panthers football players,1995 births,People from Simpson County, Mississippi,Living people,Alcorn State Braves football players

paragraph: KhaDarel Hodge

paragraph: KhaDarel Hodge (born January 3, 1995) is an American football wide receiver for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Prairie View A&M.

paragraph: Section::::Early years and high school.

paragraph: Hodge was born in D'Lo, Mississippi and raised there with three siblings by a single mother, Michelle Hodge, and by his grandfather, who was a preacher. Hodge attended and played high school football at Mendenhall High School. Hodge became the starting quarterback at Mendenhall during his sophomore season and threw for over 3,000 passing yards and ran for over 2,000 yards along with 68 total touchdowns during his junior and senior seasons. He was named second team All-State his senior season.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Hodge began his career as a quarterback at Alcorn State but left after one year, during which he redshirted. He then went to Hinds Community College, where he transitioned to wide receiver, for one season before moving on to Prairie View A&M. Hodge played three seasons for the Panthers, catching 104 passes for 1,797 yards and 21 touchdowns. As a senior, Hodge had 48 receptions for 844 yards and 12 touchdowns and was named first team All-SWAC and Black College All-America.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Hodge signed with the Los Angeles Rams as an undrafted free agent on July 24, 2018 after participating in a tryout. He was cut by the Rams at the end of training camp on September 1 and was subsequently signed to their practice squad the following day. Hodge was promoted to the active roster on September 19. Hodge caught his first career pass, a 14-yard reception, on October 7 against the Seattle Seahawks. Hodge played in 14 regular season games during his rookie season, catching two passes for 17 yards and making five tackles on special teams and one tackle in three postseason games.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Angeles Rams bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prairie View A&M Panthers bio

description: American-football player

wikidata_label: KhaDarel Hodge

wikipedia_title: KhaDarel Hodge


text:
American
professional baseball
infielder
Milwaukee Brewers
Major League Baseball
Chicago White Sox
San Diego, California
University City High School
Palomar College
San Marcos, California
Oral Roberts University
Tulsa, Oklahoma
shortstop
third baseman
Houston Astros
2008 draft
Oral Roberts University
Chicago White Sox
2010 Major League Baseball draft
Tommy John surgery
Milwaukee Brewers
Colorado Springs Sky Sox

categories: Chicago White Sox players,Winston-Salem Dash players,Palomar Comets baseball players,Charlotte Knights players,Bristol White Sox players,Colorado Springs Sky Sox players,Baseball players from California,Sportspeople from San Diego,Major League Baseball infielders,Mesa Solar Sox players,1989 births,Birmingham Barons players,Milwaukee Brewers players,Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball players,Living people,Kannapolis Intimidators players

paragraph: Tyler Saladino

paragraph: Tyler Artolo Saladino (born July 20, 1989) is an American professional baseball infielder for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Chicago White Sox

paragraph: Section::::Amateur career.

paragraph: Born and raised in San Diego, California, Saladino attended University City High School, where he was a standout in baseball and held a 3.1 GPA. Saladino then attended Palomar College in San Marcos, California, before transferring to Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In his two years at Palomar as a shortstop and third baseman, Saladino hit .399 and .616 in conference play. During his time at Palomar, Saladino was drafted by the Houston Astros in the 36th round of the 2008 draft, but turned it down to continue with college.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Saladino was drafted out of Oral Roberts University by the Chicago White Sox in the seventh round of the 2010 Major League Baseball draft. In August 2014, he had Tommy John surgery. The White Sox added him to their 40-man roster on November 20, 2014.

paragraph: Saladino was called up and made his major league debut on July 10, 2015.

paragraph: On April 19, 2018, Saladino was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers for cash considerations. He was optioned to Triple-A Colorado Springs Sky Sox.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Tyler Saladino

wikipedia_title: Tyler Saladino


text: Estonian

text: Nõo

text: University of Tartu

text: cum laude

text: Estonian University of Life Sciences

text: Order of the White Star

text: springtail

text: snowflake

categories: Estonian photographers,Nature photographers,People from Tartu,1963 births,Estonian biologists,University of Tartu alumni,Estonian University of Life Sciences faculty,Living people

paragraph: Urmas Tartes

paragraph: Urmas Tartes (born September 19, 1963) is an Estonian biologist and nature photographer.

paragraph: He ended his studies in Nõo Secondary school in 1982 with a gold medal and graduated from University of Tartu in 1989 with "cum laude" as biologist-zoologist. He became Doctor of Philosophy in 1995 with a thesis "Respiration Rhythms in Insects".

paragraph: Since 1989 he worked in Estonian Institute of Zoology and Botany. Between 1996 and 2004 he served as the director of the institute. In 2005–2010 he was a professor in Estonian University of Life Sciences. From then on, he continued as a freelance nature photographer and writer.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: He was the recipient of the Fourth Class of Order of the White Star in 2001.

paragraph: In 2009 he won Veolia Environnement Wildlife Photographer of the Year in the category "Animals in their Environment" with a photo of a springtail on a snowflake.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Books.

paragraph: Tartes has co-authored several books:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 – "Bioloogia gümnaasiumile" (part III), Eesti Loodusfoto.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 – "Legendiloomad", Varrak.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 – "Loodusfoto lugu ja lumm", Varrak.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 – "Putukad õhus, maas ja vees", Valgus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – "Eesti päevaliblikad", Varrak.

description: Estonian biologist and photographer

wikidata_label: Urmas Tartes

wikipedia_title: Urmas Tartes


text:
baseball
pitcher
Los Angeles Angels
Major League Baseball
free agent
New York Mets
Dominican Summer League Mets
Kingsport Mets
Brooklyn Cyclones
Gulf Coast League Mets
St. Lucie Mets
Binghamton Mets
Las Vegas 51s
Jerry Blevins
interleague-rival
New York Yankees
Alex Rodriguez
Mark Teixeira
Brian McCann
Carlos Beltrán
Philadelphia Phillies
Citizens Bank Park
quick pitch
Darin Ruf
Dan Bellino
Jeff Francoeur
Larry Bowa
Terry Collins
Daniel Murphy
Justin De Fratus
Cincinnati Reds
Great American Ball Park
Jay Bruce
Adam Hamari
Ted Barrett
Cameron Rupp
Bob Davidson
Travis d'Arnaud
Yoenis Céspedes
Kirk Nieuwenhuis
Adam Loewen
Logan Verrett
Odubel Herrera
2015 World Series
Division Series
Los Angeles Dodgers
Kansas City Royals
Citi Field
save
AAA
Anthony Swarzak
designated for assignment
Los Angeles Angels

categories: Dominican Summer League Mets players,Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic,Las Vegas 51s players,Binghamton Mets players,2017 World Baseball Classic players,Brooklyn Cyclones players,Gulf Coast Mets players,Los Angeles Angels players,People from Bonao,Scottsdale Scorpions players,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States,New York Mets players,Living people,1990 births,Kingsport Mets players,Major League Baseball pitchers,St. Lucie Mets players

paragraph: Hansel Robles

paragraph: Hansel Manuel Robles (born August 13, 1990) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). Robles signed as an international free agent with the New York Mets in 2008. He made his MLB debut in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: Robles signed as an international free agent in August 2008. Robles played in the minors with the Dominican Summer League Mets, Kingsport Mets, Brooklyn Cyclones, Gulf Coast League Mets, St. Lucie Mets, Binghamton Mets, and the Las Vegas 51s.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:New York Mets.:2015.

paragraph: The Mets added Robles to their 40-man roster on November 20, 2014. The Mets promoted him to the major leagues for the first time on April 20, 2015 to replace then-injured reliever Jerry Blevins.

paragraph: He made his Major League debut on April 24 against the interleague-rival New York Yankees. He came into the game in the seventh inning giving up a hit to Alex Rodriguez to load the bases, then getting Mark Teixeira to pop out and struck out Brian McCann and Carlos Beltrán to end the inning.

paragraph: On August 25 against the Philadelphia Phillies at Citizens Bank Park, Robles came into the game in the sixth inning getting two outs, one of them being a strikeout. In the seventh inning with two outs and no one on, Robles threw his 19th pitch of the game, a quick pitch with Darin Ruf batting. The home plate umpire Dan Bellino pointed at Robles to start throwing, but Ruf's head was down and was caught by surprise with the pitch while at the same time Bellino put his hand out yelling "time". The pitch was not called ball or strike. Former Met Jeff Francoeur stepped out of the dugout yelling at Robles with Bellino approaching the Phillies dugout telling Francouer to sit down. Robles also yelled back at Francoeur.

paragraph: Then Larry Bowa, the bench coach for the Phillies was thrown out of the game arguing over the quick pitch. Both of the benches for the Mets and the Phillies cleared, with the Mets players going to the mound to protect Robles while Mets manager Terry Collins came near the Phillies bench, with the umpires in between them, shaking his head no against whatever Bowa was saying at him.

paragraph: Larry Bowa was ejected from the game. While the umpires were discussing, Bowa began yelling at Mets second baseman Daniel Murphy (who also yelled back) over his bat-flip from the day before in the Mets 16-7 win over the Phillies after Murphy hit a home run off pitcher Justin De Fratus in the sixth inning. Both teams were given warnings. When things calmed down, on a 2-2 pitch, Robles struck out Ruf chasing the pitch to end the inning with Robles staring at the Phillies dugout while walking towards the Mets dugout.

paragraph: Another quick pitch incident occurred on September 24 against the Cincinnati Reds at Great American Ball Park in the bottom of the eighth inning with no one on base and one out, Robles threw a quick pitch on a 0–2 count to batter Jay Bruce for his sixth pitch of the inning with home plate umpire Adam Hamari originally signaling no pitch then changing it to a ball. The umpire is allowed to call a quick pitch a ball, but manager Terry Collins argued that it couldn't be a ball. He argued with Hamari and third base umpire Ted Barrett, but the call stood. However, review of the pitch showed that Bruce seemed ready to hit the pitch, but the ball landed out of the strike zone where it could've been called a ball regardless of the quick pitch.

paragraph: On October 2 in Philadelphia against the Phillies in the bottom of the sixth inning with the Mets leading 5–3 with no one on base and one out, a 2–2 count to batter Cameron Rupp on the 14th pitch, Robles threw a quick pitch near the head of Rupp and both of the benches for the Mets and the Phillies emptied but no fight occurred. Robles was ejected immediately by home plate umpire Bob Davidson. Rupp began cursing at Robles while being restrained by catcher Travis d'Arnaud who told Rupp that the pitch wasn't intentional. Robles pleaded his case saying it wasn't his fault indicating he had no intention to hit Rupp. Manager Terry Collins of the Mets was ejected because the umpire's judged that if there was any intent then both the pitcher and the manager are therefore ejected. The pitch became ball 3 with the count 3–2.

paragraph: Earlier in the game, pitcher Justin De Fratus hit Yoenis Céspedes in the third inning on his hand, bruising his left middle and ring fingers. He would leave the game. His replacement, Kirk Nieuwenhuis was hit in the fifth inning by Adam Loewen. In the bottom half of the fifth inning, Logan Verrett hit Odubel Herrera in the back. After Herrera was hit, Bob Davidson issued warnings to both benches.

paragraph: As a result of the incident, Robles was suspended for three games by Major League Baseball and fined an undisclosed amount. He appealed the suspension and was allowed to play for the rest of the season. When the Mets made the playoffs, Robles was part of the roster of the Mets all the way up to the 2015 World Series. Once the appeal process is complete, the suspension would carry over into 2016.

paragraph: Robles appeared in the Division Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers in game two in the eighth inning getting two strikeouts. In the World Series against the Kansas City Royals he appeared in game two in the bottom of the sixth inning getting the three batters he faced out. He also appeared in game four in the top of the ninth inning getting three outs, two of them strikeouts.

paragraph: Robles finished the season with a 4–3 record, 3.67 ERA in 57 games in 54 innings pitched with a WHIP of 1.019 with 61 strikeouts while giving up 37 hits, 27 runs (22 of them earned), 8 home runs, and 18 walks.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:New York Mets.:2016.

paragraph: Robles was not on the Mets' Opening Day roster due to his suspension, but joined the Mets for their home opener against the Philadelphia Phillies. On September 23 at Citi Field, Robles recorded his first career save after entering a game in the seventh inning and throwing hitless relief.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:New York Mets.:2017.

paragraph: In 2017, Robles underperformed. Before the summer began, he was demoted to AAA where he spent nearly two months before returning to the Mets. At the Major League level, his walk rate increased for the second consecutive season and his home run rate nearly doubled.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:New York Mets.:2018.

paragraph: On January 12, Robles and the Mets agreed to a $900,000 deal, avoiding arbitration.

paragraph: Robles started the season in AAA but was promoted on April 3 when Anthony Swarzak was placed on the disabled list with an oblique strain. He was optioned later in the month, and was called back up on May 5.

paragraph: With the Mets in 2018 he was 2–2 with a 5.03 ERA in 16 relief appearances, striking out 23 batters in 19.2 innings. Robles was designated for assignment on June 22.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Los Angeles Angels.

paragraph: On June 23, 2018, Robles was claimed off waivers by the Los Angeles Angels. With the Angels in 2018, he was 0-1 with 2 saves with a 2.97 ERA in 37 relief appearances, striking out 36 batters in 36.1 innings.

description: Dominican baseball player

wikidata_label: Hansel Robles

wikipedia_title: Hansel Robles


text:
American football
running back
Minnesota Vikings
National Football League
college football
Florida State
2017 NFL Draft
West Little River, Florida
Miami Central High School
Atlanta Falcons
Devonta Freeman
defensive back
Joseph Yearby
touchdowns
Seffner Armwood
Mr. Florida Football
Jacory Harris
Duke Johnson
USA Today
2014 Under Armour All-America Game
track & field
sprinters
200-meter dash
4 × 100 m relay
4 × 400 m relay
wind-aided
100-meter dash
Rivals.com
Clemson University
University of Florida
Will Muschamp
Florida State University
Jimbo Fisher
Karlos Williams
The Citadel
touchdown
Syracuse
2014 ACC Championship Game
Georgia Tech
Texas State
South Florida
Miami Hurricanes
NC State
Warrick Dunn
annual rivalry game
Florida Gators
Ole Miss
South Florida
North Carolina
Syracuse Orange
Warrick Dunn
Orange Bowl
Michigan
2017 NFL Draft
Sports Illustrated
Pro Football Focus
Bucky Brooks
Mike Mayock
Minnesota Vikings
2017 NFL Draft
Cincinnati Bengals
Leonard Fournette
Christian McCaffrey
New Orleans Saints
Adrian Peterson
Detroit Lions
ACL
James Andrews
San Francisco 49ers
Miami Dolphins
Minnesota Vikings bio
Florida State Seminoles bio

categories: Florida State Seminoles football players,Minnesota Vikings players,Players of American football from Florida,1995 births,Sportspeople from Miami,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Dalvin Cook

paragraph: Dalvin James Cook (born August 10, 1995) is an American football running back for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Florida State, where he finished his career as the school's all-time leading rusher. Cook was drafted by the Vikings in the second round of the 2017 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Born in West Little River, Florida, Cook attended Miami Central High School, the same as former Seminole and current Atlanta Falcons Pro Bowl running back Devonta Freeman. Cook did not join the football program until his sophomore year, figuring he had no chance to supplant senior running back Devonta Freeman, who led Central to a Class 6A state title in 2010. Cook played as a running back and defensive back under coach Telly Lockette. In his junior year, he shared carries with Joseph Yearby, who is his best friend. On running downs, Yearby played wildcat quarterback and Cook lined up at running back. As a senior in 2013, Cook rushed for a county-best 1,940 yards and 34 touchdowns on 177 carries (11.0 yards per rush) and intercepted three passes on defense. In Central's Class 6A regional final win against Palm Bay Heritage, Cook ran for 244 yards and three touchdowns as Yearby fractured his fibula in the first quarter of the game. From that point on, Cook led his team to the Class 6A state championship by rushing for 223 yards and four touchdowns in a 52–7 win over Seffner Armwood, helping the Rockets win their third state championship in the past four seasons and become the first Dade team to advance to four consecutive state finals. For his season efforts, Cook was named Mr. Florida Football by the "Florida Dairy Farmers Association", becoming the third recipient of the award since its inception (back in 1992) from Miami-Dade County, joining former Miami Northwestern quarterback Jacory Harris and former Miami Norland running back Duke Johnson. Cook finished his prep career with 4,267 rushing yards and 64 touchdowns, while leading Miami Central to a 52–5 record. His senior season accolades included "USA Today" All-USA Football Team, 247Sports Second Team All-American and All-State Class 6A first-team. Following his senior season, Cook was invited to play at the 2014 Under Armour All-America Game, where he rushed for 78 yards and a touchdown on just eight carries for Team Nitro. Cook also participated in "The Opening", an all-star summer prospect camp held on the Nike Campus.

paragraph: In track & field, Cook was one of the state's top sprinters. He recorded a personal-best time of 22.10 seconds in the 200-meter dash at the 2013 Sam Burley Invitational, where he placed 13th. At the 2013 FHSAA 3A Region 4, he ran the third leg on the Miami Central 4 × 100 m relay and 4 × 400 m relay squads, helping them win both events with times of 41.15 seconds and 3:17.58 minutes, respectively. In the preliminary rounds of the 2013 GMAC North Qualifier, he was clocked at 10.08 seconds (heavily wind-aided) in the 100-meter dash, but would later run a 10.92 to earn a fifth-place finish in the finals.

paragraph: Regarded as a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Cook was ranked as the second best all-purpose back in his class. Before he signed with Florida State in January 2014, he had already taken the summer and night classes necessary to graduate high school early and enroll in the spring. Cook originally committed to Clemson University, then flipped to the University of Florida under coach Will Muschamp in the spring of 2013. However, after Florida’s 4–8 season that year, the 5-star running back began wavering on his pledge—privately. Despite officially visiting other schools, Cook claimed he was "100 percent" committed to the University of Florida in every interview. During the week of the Under Armour All-America Game, he did the Gator Chomp on social media and posed for a pictures with Florida commits after one of the practices. On January 1, 2014, Cook flipped to Florida State University.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Cook attended and played college football at Florida State from 2014 to 2016 under head coach Jimbo Fisher.

paragraph: Cook split carries with Karlos Williams and Mario Pender as a true freshman in 2014. In his first game against The Citadel, he rushed 67 yards with one touchdown. He rushed for 100 yards for the first time in his college career against Syracuse, gaining 122 yards over 23 carries with a touchdown. Cook was named the MVP of the 2014 ACC Championship Game against Georgia Tech after earning a career-high 177 yards on 31 carries and one rushing touchdown. Overall, in the 2014 season, he finished with 1,008 rushing yards, eight rushing touchdowns, 22 receptions, and 203 receiving yards.

paragraph: In July 2015, Cook was suspended after he was charged with battery following an incident outside a bar. The following month, he was found not guilty and reinstated by Florida State. He started the season off strong with 156 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown against Texas State. In the next game, against South Florida, he had 266 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns. On October 10, against the Miami Hurricanes, he had 222 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns to go along with 47 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown to help the Seminoles to a 5–0 record. During the team's tenth game, which was against NC State, Cook broke Warrick Dunn's Florida State single-season rushing yards record of 1,242. In the annual rivalry game against the Florida Gators, he had 183 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. Overall, he finished the 2015 season with 1,691 rushing yards, 19 rushing touchdowns, 24 receptions, 244 receiving yards, and one receiving touchdown.

paragraph: Cook started the 2016 season with 91 rushing yards and 101 receiving yards in a victory over Ole Miss. On September 24, against South Florida, he had 267 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns to go along with 62 receiving yards. In the next game, against North Carolina, he had 140 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns to go along with six receptions for 106 yards. On November 19, 2016, during the first quarter of the team's game against the Syracuse Orange, Cook broke Warrick Dunn's career rushing record of 3,959 yards. Cook entered the game just 18 yards behind the record and finished with 225 rushing yards and four rushing touchdowns. He finished his career with 4,464 rushing yards. A few hours after winning the Orange Bowl against Michigan, Cook announced he would forgo his senior season at Florida State in order to enter the 2017 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Cook received an invitation to the NFL combine and completed all of the required combine drills and positional drills. He participated at Florida State's Pro Day and ran the 40-yard dash, 20-yard dash, 10-yard dash, and positional drills. He was ranked the top running back in the draft by Sports Illustrated and Pro Football Focus, the second best running back by NFL media analyst Bucky Brooks, and the third best running back by NFLDraftScout.com and NFL analyst Mike Mayock. Although he was considered to be one of the top running backs, off-the-field problems, prior arrests, character concerns, fumbling issues, and a history of shoulder injuries caused his stock to fall. NFL draft experts and analysts projected Cook to be selected in the first or second round of the draft.

paragraph: The Minnesota Vikings selected Cook in the second round (41st overall) of the 2017 NFL Draft. The Cincinnati Bengals traded the 41st overall pick to the Vikings for their second round draft selection (No. 48) and their fourth-round selection (No. 128). He was the third running back taken in the draft behind Leonard Fournette (fourth overall) and Christian McCaffrey (eighth overall).

paragraph: In his first NFL game against the New Orleans Saints, Cook set the Vikings' rookie debut rushing record, previously held by Adrian Peterson by rushing for 127 yards on 22 carries. In Week 3, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had 27 carries for 97 yards and a touchdown to go along with five receptions for 72 yards. During Week 4 against the Detroit Lions, Cook left the game with an apparent knee injury. The next day, it was revealed that Cook suffered a torn ACL, and it prematurely ended his rookie season. He was officially placed on injured reserve on October 5, 2017. In four games in his rookie year, Cook finished with 354 rushing yards. On October 9, 2017, Cook underwent successful repair of the left ACL. Noted Orthopaedic surgeon Dr. James Andrews of Gulf Breeze, Florida noted no further damage of the left knee with "100 percent," chance of return for the 2018 season.

paragraph: In the 2018 season opener, his first game back from injury, Cook had 95 scrimmage yards in the 24–16 victory over the San Francisco 49ers. In Week 15 of the 2018 season, Cook rushed for 136 yards and two touchdowns in a 41–17 win over the Miami Dolphins, earning him NFC Offensive Player of the Week. Overall, he recorded 615 rushing yards, two rushing touchdowns, 40 receptions, 305 receiving yards, and two receiving touchdowns in the 2018 season.

paragraph: Section::::Legal issues.

paragraph: During his freshman year at FSU, Cook was involved in off-field incidents on three occasions. He was charged with criminal mischief after a June BB gun incident that resulted in broken car windows. In July, according to an ESPN report, Cook was named as an "associate" in an assault case of two men the Tallahassee police investigated for allegedly brandishing a firearm at a neighbor; the incident took place at Cook’s apartment. The summer before his sophomore year, Cook was accused of punching a woman outside of a Tallahassee bar after a confrontation and was charged with assault, to which he pled not guilty. A jury found Cook not guilty, and he was able to return to the football team.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minnesota Vikings bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florida State Seminoles bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Dalvin Cook

wikipedia_title: Dalvin Cook


text:
Nysa
Bohemia
Bishop of Wrocław
Grand Prior
Order of St. John
Rosenberg family
Ulrich II of Rosenberg
provost
St. Vitus Cathedral
ordained
priest
Salzburg
Peter II
Wrocław
cathedral chapter
Ladislaus the Posthumous
Henry
governor
Upper Silesia
Pope Calixtus III
dispensation
George of Poděbrady
John
Holy See
Pope Pius II
Roman Curia
utraquist
Joanna
Hussite
Rudolf of Rüdesheim
Lavant
papal legate
Český Krumlov
House of Rosenberg
Wrocław Cathedral

categories: 15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Medieval Bohemian nobility,15th-century Bohemian people,1467 deaths,1430 births

paragraph: Jošt of Rožmberk

paragraph: Jošt of Rožmberk (, , ; 11 November 1430 – 12 December 1467 in Nysa) was a Bohemian nobleman. He was Bishop of Wrocław and Grand Prior of the Order of St. John for Austria and Bohemia.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Jošt was a member of the south Bohemian noble Rosenberg family. His parents were Ulrich II of Rosenberg and Catherine of Wartenberg. After studying in Prague, he joined the Order of St. John; in 1451, he was documented as its Grand Prior. Already in 1450, he had achieved the dignity of provost in the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague. On 24 August 1453, he was ordained as priest in Salzburg.

paragraph: After the death of Bishop Peter II of Wrocław in 1456, the cathedral chapter elected him as their new bishop, on the recommendation of King Ladislaus the Posthumous. The fact that his older brother Henry was governor of Upper Silesia, may have played a rôle in his election. At the same time, the chapter passed a statue limiting the power of future bishops. His election was confirmed by Pope Calixtus III on 9 June 1456. The Pope also granted him dispensation, as he had not yet reached the age of 30, the minimum age to become bishop under canon law.

paragraph: After the death of King Ladislaus in 1457, George of Poděbrady was one of the candidates to succeed him. Many people in Silesia, especially the clergy in Wrocław, opposed him. Jošt's brother John was a supporter of George's candidacy; Jošt himself tried to remain neutral and represent the interests of the Holy See. He nevertheless got into a difficult position when he tried to take the interests of the Bohemian King into consideration during his negotiations with the Vatican and the council of Wrocław.

paragraph: In 1458, George of Poděbrady was elected King of Bohemia. Mamy people in Bohemia preferred him over the other candidates, who were all foreigners. However, the citizens of Wrocław refused to recognize him as King. After lengthy negotiations, Pope Pius II intervened via Jošt, who was his representative Silesia. Only in December 1459 did the city finally recognize George as King.

paragraph: In 1461, he delivered a sermon with the title "About the blood of God". This sermon angered the citizens of Prague and he had to seek refuge in the King's "Hory" castle. His relationship with the King worsened in 1462, bowever, he was still able to mediate between the Roman Curia and the discontented utraquist nobility, who were more and more turning away from Rome. In an attempt to prevent renewed fighting, Jošt tried to convert King George back to Catholicism and he also tried to win Queen Joanna for his position. In 1467, he urged his brother John, who had become governor of Sileasia in 1457, after their eldest brother Henry had died, to revert to the Catholic faith. In the same year, Jošt founded an anti-Hussite league. However, Rudolf of Rüdesheim, who was Bishop of Lavant and also the papal legate in Wrocław, and later Jošt's successor as Bishop, soon gained control of this league.

paragraph: Jošt divided his time between Wrocław, Nysa, the seat of his bishopric, Strakonice, the seat of his Grand Priory of the Order of St. John, and Český Krumlov, the family seat of the House of Rosenberg. He was responsible for the addition of the western vestibule to Wrocław Cathedral.

paragraph: He died in his episcopal residence in Nysa in 1467, at the age or 37 and was buried in Wrocław Cathedral. He was succeeded as Bishop of Wrocław by Rudolf of Rüdesheim.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Jungnitz: "Die Grabstätten der Breslauer Bischöfe", J. Max & C., Breslau, 1895

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Kastner: "Breslauer Bischöfe", Ostdeutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Breslau, 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Kubíková: "Rožmberské kroniky. Krátky a summovní výtah od Václava Březana", Veduta, České Budějovice, 2005, .

description: Bishop of Breslau, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John

wikidata_label: Jošt of Rožmberk

wikipedia_title: Jošt of Rožmberk


text:
stage name
Norwegian
pop
recording artist
rapper
singer
songwriter
executive producer
CEO
BMG Chrysalis
multi-gold and platinum
Forever Lost
"The One"
"World So Cold"
Norwegian Official Charts VG-Lista
artist
"The One"
Norwegian radio
VG-Lista
Rådhusplassen
Oslo
MTV Norway
NRK
TV2
The Voice TV
NRJ Radio
The Voice
NRK P3
P4
Tinie Tempah
50 Cent
Snoop Dogg
Nas
Busta Rhymes
The Game
Gjøvik
Iranian
Oslo
Los Angeles
California
Årvoll
Bjerke
Michael Jackson
Eminem
Jay-Z
Nas
Kanye West
NRK P3
rap group
Karpe Diem
EP
hip hop
producer
Tommy Tee
label
Tee Productions
Tommy Tee
demo
New York
music industry
Jay-Z
Roc Nation
Eminem
Shady Records
Ryan Leslie
New York
Switzerland
record label
manager
multi-platinum
Madcon
Scandinavia
independent label
Bonnier Amigo Music Group
Cosmos Music Group
"World So Cold"
Platinum
Norwegian Official Charts VG-Lista
Norwegian radio
"The One"
2x Platinum
Norwegian Official Charts VG-Lista
artist
"The One"
Norwegian radio
NRJ radio Norway best song of 2011
"The One"
NRJ Music Award
"Hear The Crowd"
Gold
Norwegian radio
Before My Eyes
British
music manager
CEO
RCA Label Group (UK)
Craig Logan
RCA
Sony Music UK
record contract
Sony Music
label
licensing deal
Sony Music
Forever Lost
NRJ Music Award
4x Platinum
VG-Lista
Rådhusplassen
music video
The Voice TV Norway
The Voice radio Norway
Platinum
StarRoc
Jay-Z
Stargate
Dutch
model
runner-up
Dutch
Holland's Next Top Model
music video
music video
The Voice TV Norway
Forever Lost
hits
Jessie J
Lionel Richie
Sugababes
Rihanna
Ne-Yo
Whitney Houston
Sarah from X-Factor Denmark
Aaliyah
Franz Ferdinand
The Saturdays
Jennifer Hudson
Forever Lost
publishing deal
BMG Chrysalis
TV2
NRJ Music Award
MIDEM
Palais des Festivals et des Congrès
Cannes
France
Eric Saade
Forgive Me
Sverigetopplistan

categories: Musicians from Gjøvik,Norwegian people of Iranian descent,1988 births,Living people,Norwegian songwriters,Norwegian male singers,English-language singers from Norway,Norwegian expatriates in the United States,21st-century Norwegian singers

paragraph: A-Lee

paragraph: Ali Pirzad-Amoli (; born May 17, 1988), better known by his stage name A-Lee (also sometimes stylized as A-LEE) is a Norwegian pop recording artist, rapper, singer, songwriter and executive producer. A-Lee is the co-founder and CEO of his own record label EE Records and with BMG Chrysalis as a songwriter.

paragraph: A-Lee is a multi-gold and platinum selling artist who released his debut album "Missing" in 2010 and his second album "Forever Lost" in 2012 which contains numerous chart topping songs. His singles "The One" and "World So Cold" reached respectively "#7" and "#12" at Norwegian Official Charts VG-Lista.A-Lee was also certified the most-played Norwegian artist on radio in Norway in 2011 and his single "The One" was the most-played song on all Norwegian radio in 2011. In 2012, A-Lee performed his summer smash hit "Feelgood" at huge annual show VG-Lista Rådhusplassen in Oslo where he attended for the third consecutive year after 2010 and 2011.

paragraph: During his career, A-Lee made many appearances on Norwegian TV (MTV Norway, national channels NRK & TV2, The Voice TV), extensive Norwegian radio (NRJ Radio, The Voice, NRK P3, NRK mP3, P4, P5, JRG Group). A-Lee performed more than 300 concerts, including as support for Tinie Tempah, 50 Cent, Snoop Dogg, Nas, Busta Rhymes, The Game and more...

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: A-Lee was born in Gjøvik, Norway, to Iranian-born parents. When he was three years old, his parents divorced. At age of ten, he and his mother moved to Oslo, Norway then when he was thirteen years old, they moved to Los Angeles, California where A-Lee lived for almost 1 year. He then decided to move back to Oslo to live with his father and grew up in the borough Årvoll, Bjerke.

paragraph: A-Lee grew up listening to Michael Jackson, Eminem, Jay-Z, Nas and Kanye West and citing them as his biggest inspirations.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:2005–2008: Early career.

paragraph: A-Lee started in the hip-hop/rap duo Cam'N A-Lee with rapper Cam'leon. In 2005, Cam'N A-Lee won the 's "Audience Award" and were nominated for "Årets Urørt" by NRK P3 with the song "What Do You Mean" featuring Chicosepoy, a member of the Norwegian rap group Karpe Diem. The duo Cam'N A-Lee disbanded in end 2006 after the release of their EP "Schmokin' Skills".

paragraph: In January 2007, A-Lee was signed by Norwegian hip hop producer Tommy Tee on his label Tee Productions. A-Lee appeared on few Tommy Tee's releases but during 2008, A-Lee and Tommy Tee decided to go separate ways on good terms.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:2008–2009: From demo to EE Records.

paragraph: In Summer 2008, after recording a first demo, A-Lee went to New York to meet people from music industry working in labels such as Jay-Z's Roc Nation, Eminem's Shady Records and Ryan Leslie's NextSelection Lifestyle Group. From this experience, A-Lee received positive feedbacks which motivated him to continue on his way. Back from New York, A-Lee started working on new songs which he recorded between Norway and Switzerland.

paragraph: In fall 2009, A-Lee founded his own record label EE Records with his manager Shahrouz Ghafourian and released his first official single "Bump Off". He also collaborates with famous multi-platinum duo Madcon on the single "Keep Talking".

paragraph: In December 2009, A-Lee signed a distribution deal with Scandinavian biggest independent label Bonnier Amigo Music Group (now known as Cosmos Music Group) to release his debut album "Missing".

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:2010–2011: Success and "The One".

paragraph: In May 2010, A-Lee released his breakthrough single "World So Cold" which sold "Platinum" in Norway and reached "#12" at Norwegian Official Charts VG-Lista. The single was the most played song on radio "NRK mP3" in 2010 and was also the 6th most played song on all Norwegian radio in 2010.

paragraph: In January 2011 A-Lee released the single "The One" which sold "2x Platinum" in Norway and reached "#7" at Norwegian Official Charts VG-Lista. A-Lee was also certified the most-played Norwegian artist on radio in Norway in 2011 and his single "The One" was the most-played song on all Norwegian radio in 2011 and ranked "#2" at the "NRJ radio Norway best song of 2011". The song "The One" was also nominated for "Best Norwegian Hit" at NRJ Music Awards 2012.

paragraph: Again in 2011, A-Lee released the singles "Hear The Crowd" ("Gold" in Norway, 7th most played song on all Norwegian radio in 2011) and "Before My Eyes" ("Gold" in Norway). Both singles received great radio attention in Norway.

paragraph: From all this success, British music manager and former CEO of RCA Label Group (UK) Craig Logan became interested by A-Lee and brought his music to RCA/Sony Music UK which proposed A-Lee a worldwide record contract in August 2011. Unfortunately, due to the restructuring of Sony Music in September and October 2011, the contract could not be finalized.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:2012: album "Forever Lost".

paragraph: In January 2012, A-Lee and his label EE Records signed a licensing deal with Sony Music and started working on his second album "Forever Lost". A-Lee also had two nominations at the NRJ Music Awards 2012: "Best Norwegian Act" and "Best Norwegian Hit".

paragraph: In May 2012, A-Lee released his summer smash hit "Feelgood" which went "4x Platinum" in Norway. In June 2012, he was part of the "VG-Lista Tour 2012" where he performed his summer smash hit "Feelgood" in particular at the huge annual show VG-Lista Rådhusplassen in Oslo where he attended for the third consecutive year after 2010 and 2011. "Feelgood" reached also "#1" for most played music video of The Voice TV Norway in 2012 and "#3" for most played song of The Voice radio Norway in 2012.

paragraph: In September 2012, A-Lee released his single "Over You" ("Platinum" in Norway) produced by Martin K (signed on StarRoc, the label owned by Jay-Z and Stargate). Famous Dutch model Sylvia Geersen who was the runner-up of Dutch reality television show Holland's Next Top Model is playing the main role in the "Over You" music video. "Over You" reached also "#6" for most played music video of The Voice TV Norway in 2012.

paragraph: In October 2012, A-Lee released his new album "Forever Lost", which is full of hits produced by Martin K ("Jessie J", "Lionel Richie", "Sugababes"), Bernt Rune Stray ("Rihanna", "Ne-Yo", "Whitney Houston"), BPM ("Sarah from X-Factor Denmark"), Thomas Eriksen ("Aaliyah", "Franz Ferdinand", "The Saturdays"), Slipmats ("Jennifer Hudson") and Ground Rules.

paragraph: Following the "Forever Lost" release, A-Lee signed a worldwide publishing deal with the successful company BMG Chrysalis. A-Lee was also part of the TV show "Cover Me" broadcast in October 2012 on Norwegian television channel TV2. He performed "People Get Moving" a song he especially wrote for the TV show.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.:2013-present: "Flashy", "New Day" & "Rainbow".

paragraph: In January 2013, A-Lee is, for the second consecutive year, nominated 2 times for the NRJ Music Awards 2013 in the categories "Best Norwegian Act" and "Best Norwegian Hit" for his successful smash single "Feelgood". A-Lee attended the edition 2013 of MIDEM which is held been annually in and around the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès in Cannes, France.

paragraph: In August 2013, A-Lee released his new single "Flashy" featured by Swedish pop artist Eric Saade who also released the song on his album "Forgive Me" which reached "#1" at Swedish Official Charts Sverigetopplistan.

paragraph: In May 2014, A-Lee released the single "New Day" and its music video.

paragraph: In May 2015, A-Lee released his new single "Rainbow" and its music video.

description: Norwegian singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: A-Lee

wikipedia_title: A-Lee


text: Indian

text: Catholic

text: Goan

text: Archbishop of Goa

text: Bambolim

text: Tiswadi

text: Pontifical Urban University

text: diocese of Goa and Daman

text: Pope Paul VI

text: papal bull

text: Patriarch of the East Indies

text: Code of Canon Law

text: José Vieira Alvernaz

text: Caritas

text: Archdiocese of Goa and Daman

text: Azores

text: In partibus infidelium

text: Catholic Hierarchy

text: GCatholic

text: supergoa.com

categories: 1927 births,Indian Roman Catholic archbishops,Portuguese people of Goan descent

paragraph: Raul Nicolau Gonçalves

paragraph: Archbishop Raul Nicolau Gonçalves is an Indian prelate, the first Catholic Goan to be Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies.

paragraph: He is currently the Archbishop emeritus of Goa. The current Archbishop served the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman as Auxiliary Bishop to Raul Nicolau Gonsalves, for about ten years (1994 to 2004).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Raul Nicolau Gonçalves (or Gonsalves) was born in Bambolim, Tiswadi, and studied at Rachol. and later at the Pontifical Urban University in Rome. He was ordained in the diocese of Goa and Daman on 21 December 1950. On 5 January 1967 he was appointed titular bishop of Rapidum, Apostolic Administrator of the Archdiocese, and auxiliary bishop of Goa and Daman.

paragraph: Section::::Named Archbishop.

paragraph: On January 30, 1978, Pope Paul VI through the papal bull "Quoniam Archidioecesi" named him Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies (and therefore Primate of the Indies and Archbishop of Cranganore). He retired January 16, 2004, after reaching 75 years of age the compulsory retirement age, in conformity with the Code of Canon Law canon 401 § 1.

paragraph: He was consecrated by Cardinal James Robert Knox. He also was the principal consecrant of Dom Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário Ferrão and the co-consecrating bishop was Aleixo das Neves Dias, SFX

paragraph: Section::::Other achievements.

paragraph: He was one of the members of the Commission constituted by then-Archbishop-Patriarch, Dom José Vieira Alvernaz for the establishment of Caritas Goa on 3 January 1962 through Portaria No. 2-62.

paragraph: He is credited with being the moving spirit, as the then-Apostolic Administrator, for the setting up of the Diocesan Family Service Centre of the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman in 1975. Gonçalves "felt the need to establish it, during a very critical time where family life was threatenend by the then powers-to-be especially when Emergency was declared and forced sterilization were in vogue as part of controlling the population."

paragraph: The Archdiocese of Goa and Daman's website credits him with being the "first Goan to be appointed Archbishop of Goa and Daman, and Patriarch of the East Indies."

paragraph: Gonçalves has been a member of the Vatican's Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People.

paragraph: Gonçalves assumed the helm of the Goan Church amidst a changing political situation. After Portuguese rule in Goa was ended by Indian military action, the Portuguese Archbishop-Patriarch Alvernaz left for Portugal and retired to his home in the Azores but remained the formal Patriarch of Goa till his resignation in 1975. From December 1963 the Archdiocese of Goa was governed by its first Indian Bishop, Msgr Francisco da Piedade Rebello, as Apostolic Administrator. Beginning in 1967 he was assisted by Gonçalves as Auxiliary Bishop. Gonçalves succeeded him as an Apostolic Administrator in 1972. After 1975, when Portugal recognised the end of their rule in Goa following a change of leadership in Lisbon, Bishop Gonçalves became the first Goan to actually become the Archbishop-Patriarch of Goa, in 1978.

paragraph: With his appointment, it was argued that "for the first time... Goa's Roman Catholic patriarch is a Goan". Prior to this "the appointee for centuries was Portuguese."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In partibus infidelium

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site of the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- GCatholic

paragraph: BULLET::::- supergoa.com

description: Indian priest

wikidata_label: Raul Nicolau Gonsalves

wikipedia_title: Raul Nicolau Gonçalves


text:
Frankish
abbot
monastery
Saint-Omer
Abbey of Saint Bertin
Constance
Frankish
Duchy
Alamannia
Abbey of Luxeuil
Columbanus
missionary
Mummolin
Ebertram
Bishop
Omer
Morini
Department
Pas-de-Calais
Sithiu
Adrowald
St. Peter
Count Waldebert
Winnoc
Brittany
Christianized
Rigobert
venerated
feast day
Eligius
Bishop of Noyon
Annales Bertiniani
Mon. Germ. Hist. Script.
West Frankish Kingdom
Gothic
French Revolutionary Army
boat
Sithiu
feast day
Norman Invasion

categories: People from Konstanz (district),8th-century Christian monks,615 births,709 deaths,French abbots,Frankish Christian monks,8th-century Frankish saints,Frankish historians,7th-century Christian monks

paragraph: Bertin

paragraph: Bertin ("c". 615 – "c". 709), also known as Saint Bertin the Great, was the Frankish abbot of a monastery in Saint-Omer later named the Abbey of Saint Bertin after him. He is honored as a saint by Catholic Church.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Bertin was born near Constance, then in the Frankish Duchy of Alamannia. At an early age, he entered the Abbey of Luxeuil, where, under the austere rule of its abbot, Columbanus, he prepared himself for a future missionary career. About the year 638 he set out, in company with two confrères, Mummolin and Ebertram, for the extreme northern part of France in order to assist his friend and kinsman, Bishop Omer, in the evangelization of the Morini. This country, now in the Department of Pas-de-Calais, was then one vast marsh, studded here and there with hillocks and overgrown with seaweed and bulrushes. On one of these hillocks, Bertin and his companions built a small house and they went out daily to preach the Christian faith to the natives, most of whom were still pagans.

paragraph: Gradually some converted pagans joined the little band of missionaries and a larger monastery had to be built. A tract of land called Sithiu had been donated to Omer by a converted nobleman named Adrowald. Omer now turned this whole tract over to the missionaries, who selected a suitable place on it for their new Abbey of St. Peter. Additional villages were granted by Count Waldebert, later a monk at Bertin's monastery of Sythiu and eventually Abbot of Luxueil and canonized, who gave his son at the baptismal font to Bertin, from whom the boy received his name and his education. The community grew so rapidly that in a short time this monastery also became too small and another was built where the city of St. Omer now stands.

paragraph: The fame of Bertin's learning and sanctity was so great that in a short time more than 150 monks lived under his rule, among them St. Winnoc and his three companions who had come from Brittany to join Bertin's community and assist in the conversion of the heathen. When nearly the whole region was Christianized, and the marshy land transformed into a fertile plain, Bertin, knowing that his death was not far off, appointed Rigobert as his successor, while he himself spent the remainder of his life preparing for a happy death. Bertin began to be venerated as a saint soon after his death. His feast day is celebrated on 5 September.

paragraph: Mummolin, perhaps because he was the oldest of the missionaries, was abbot of the two monasteries until he succeeded the deceased Eligius as Bishop of Noyon, about the year 659. Waldebert's son Bertin, adopted by Bertin the founder, then became the third abbot.

paragraph: In later times the abbey became famous as a centre of sanctity and learning. About the 11th century, the name of the abbey was changed that of Saint-Bertin. The "Annales Bertiniani" (830–882; "Mon. Germ. Hist. Script." I, 419–515) are important for the contemporary history of the West Frankish Kingdom. The abbey church, now in ruins, was one of the finest 14th-century Gothic edifices. In later times, its library, archives, and art-treasures were renowned both in and out of France.

paragraph: The monks were expelled in 1791 by the invading forces of the French Revolutionary Army and in 1799 the abbey and its church were sold at auction.

paragraph: His iconography is a boat as his home town, Sithiu was only accessible by water in Bertins time. A feast day is celebrated on 5th September, and his cult was taken to England with the Norman Invasion.

description: abbot and saint

wikidata_label: Bertin

wikipedia_title: Bertin


text:
naturalist
Jacob Bonneau
Andrey Avinoff
Dru Drury
Royal Society
Thomas Martyn
John Francillon
Jamestown
Hanover County
revolution
Surinam
Continental Army
3rd Georgia Regiment
Burke County
Ogeechee
Savannah River
James Edward Smith
Alexander Wilson
Bulloch County
Natural History Museum
British Museum
Harvard University
Johns Hopkins University
University of South Carolina
Emory University
Alexander Turnbull Library
James Edward Smith
Johns Hopkins University
Jean Baptiste Boisduval
John Eatton Le Conte
University of South Carolina
Smithsonian Institution
James Edward Smith
John Eatton Le Conte
Houghton Library

wikipedia_title:
Natural history
Jacob Bonneau
Andrey Avinoff
Dru Drury
Royal Society
Thomas Martyn (zoologist)
John Francillon
Jamestown, Virginia
Hanover County, Virginia
American Revolutionary War
Suriname
Continental Army
3rd Georgia Regiment
Burke County, Georgia
Ogeechee River
Savannah River
James Edward Smith
Alexander Wilson (ornithologist)
Bulloch County, Georgia
Natural History Museum, London
British Museum
Harvard University
Johns Hopkins University
University of South Carolina
Emory University
National Library of New Zealand
James Edward Smith
Johns Hopkins University
Jean Baptiste Boisduval
John Eatton Le Conte
University of South Carolina
Smithsonian Institution
James Edward Smith
John Eatton Le Conte
Houghton Library

categories: American ornithologists,1751 births,1840s deaths,American entomologists

paragraph: John Abbot (entomologist)

paragraph: John Abbot (1751-c.1840) was an American naturalist and artist. He was the first artist in the New World to create an extensive series of insect drawings and to show insects in all stages of development. In addition to more than 3000 insect illustrations, he also produced drawings of birds and plants. To facilitate his work he collected a great number of insects and reared thousands more. He was considered one of the best insect illustrators of his era and his art and insect collections were sold to an eager market in London.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: By his own recollection, Abbot was born on June 1, 1751 but parish records indicate his birthday on May 31. He was the eldest son of James Abbot, a successful attorney, and Ann (Clousinger) Abbot. He grew up in a fashionable London neighborhood and spent part of his time at his family's country house. He was tutored at home and showed an early interest in collecting and drawing. Abbot studied art with Jacob Bonneau and his first known entomological paintings were created in 1766. Abbot's technique improved rapidly and in a few years he was producing some of the best entomological illustrations of the eighteenth-century. The Russian naturalist Andrey Avinoff, an accomplished artist himself, described Abbot's work as "among the masterpieces of entomological portraiture".

paragraph: Sometime after 1767, Bonneau used his connections to introduce his talented student to Dru Drury, a wealthy naturalist and owner of one of the best insect collections in England. Drury gave Abbot access to his collection and introduced him to other prominent entomologists and naturalists in London. Drury and other members of the Royal Society recognized his talent as an illustrator and encouraged him to go to America to collect insects. Abbot was eager for the adventure and settled on Virginia as his destination. He made arrangements with Thomas Martyn and John Francillon, both naturalists and dealers in natural history collections, to purchase whatever specimens he might ship back to London.

paragraph: Section::::Virginia.

paragraph: Abbot set sail for Jamestown in July 1773. On the voyage he befriended the Goodall family from Virginia and agreed to stay with them at their plantation in Hanover County. He started collecting insects immediately on arrival but his first few years were difficult. The diversity and number of insects in Virginia did not meet his expectations and two of his first three shipments back to London were lost at sea. In addition, politics in Virginia were becoming increasingly divisive as revolution approached. Abbot considered returning to London and Drury encouraged him to travel to Surinam. Instead he decided to join members of the Goodall family and head down to Georgia where he hoped to avoid the upcoming war and find better opportunities for collecting specimens.

paragraph: Section::::Georgia.

paragraph: Abbot left Virginia in December 1775, travelling overland in harsh winter weather. When he arrived in Georgia, he again stayed with the Goodall family in a log cabin constructed about 100 miles south of Augusta. Although he had hoped to escape the war, hostilities broke out almost as soon as he had settled in Georgia. Abbot served with the Continental Army as a private in the 3rd Georgia Regiment. As a veteran after the war he was granted 575 acres of land where he established a plantation.

paragraph: At some point, Abbot married Penelope Warren and they had one son, John Abbot Jr., in 1779. Abbot became a successful planter and lived with his family in a large and comfortable house in Burke County. He also continued his work as a naturalist, exploring the Ogeechee and Savannah River basins as well as the coastal area near the port of Savannah. His insect collections and watercolor illustrations were in great demand. In 1797, "The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia... Collected from the Observations of Mr. John Abbot" was edited by James Edward Smith and published in two volumes. It was the first major work on North American insects and contained 104 etchings of watercolors of species that Abbot had collected.

paragraph: Abbot had a change of fortune around 1795; his wife died and he had some sort of financial difficulties. The details are unknown but by 1806 he was living with his son in Savannah and teaching school to supplement his income. However, he continued his work as a naturalist with a new focus on birds. In the early 1790s he became interested in ornithology and completed more than 1,300 bird illustrations in his lifetime. He collaborated with ornithologist Alexander Wilson and the two of them exchanged a good deal of data on birds.

paragraph: In 1818 Abbot moved to Bulloch County where he continued to live and work for the rest of his life. as he grew older both his vision and hearing were impaired. His last known shipment of insects occurred in 1836. He died sometime in 1840 or early 1841.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: He produced thousands of insect illustrations, as well as several sets of bird illustrations. The majority are preserved in the Natural History Museum, London, the British Museum and Houghton Library at Harvard University. Other repositories of his drawings include Johns Hopkins University, University of South Carolina, Emory University, and the Alexander Turnbull Library. Some have been dispersed following various auctions that included his drawings. The bird and insect specimens that he collected were sent to Britain and Europe, but a certain number were lost at sea, which discouraged him. He nonetheless continued to collect and paint specimens until at least 1835.

paragraph: The only publication to bear his name was "The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia", whose primary author was James Edward Smith. It included 104 plates that were reproduced from original drawings by John Abbot, which are now preserved at Johns Hopkins University. Abbot also provided most of the observations published in the book. First appearing in 1797, new copies of the book were issued for thirty years.

paragraph: From 1829 to 1837, renowned French entomologist Jean Baptiste Boisduval and wealthy American naturalist John Eatton Le Conte published installments of "Histoire Générale et Iconographie des Lépidoptères et des Chenilles de l’Amérique Septentrionale". This publication included 78 hand-colored engraved plates, most created from original drawings by John Abbot. The majority of these original drawings are now deposited at the University of South Carolina. A collection of 130 watercolors of birds, are held by the Smithsonian Institution.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- with James Edward Smith, "The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia Collected from Observations by John Abbot" (1797) (2 volumes, 104 plates).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drawings of the Insects of Georgia, in America" (1792–1804) (17 volumes, unpublished).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Original drawings for Jean Baptiste Alphonse Dechauffour de Boisduval's and John Eatton Le Conte's "Histoire Générale et Iconographie des Lépidoptères et des Chenilles de l’Amérique septentrionale" (1833).

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [http://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/2000s/2004/2004-58(3)143-Calhoun.pdf Calhoun, J. (2004). "Histoire Générale et Iconographie des Lépidoptères et des Chenilles de l’Amérique septentrionale by Boisduval and Le Conte (1829-[1837]): original drawings used for the engraved plates and the true identities of four figured taxa". Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 58:143-168.]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calhoun, J. (2006). "A glimpse into a 'flora et entomologia': The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia by J. E. Smith & J. Abbot (1797)". Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 60:1-37.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calhoun, J. (2006). "John Abbot's "lost" drawings for John E. Le Conte in the American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia." Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 60:211-217.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calhoun, J. (2007). "John Abbot's butterfly drawings for William Swainson, including general comments about Abbot's artistic methods and written observations." Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 61:1-20.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calhoun, J. (2007). "The butterfly drawings by John Abbot in the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia." Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 61:125-137.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calhoun, J. (2007). "Butterfly drawings by John Abbot in the Houghton Library, Harvard University, that are wrongly attributed to an inferior copyist." Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 61:228-232.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calhoun, J. (2013). "Remarks about the life and death of John Abbot (1751-c.1840)." Southern Lepidopterists' News. 35:44-52.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calhoun, J. V. (2018). "John Abbot, Jacob Hübner, and Oreas helicta (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)". News of the Lepidopterists' Society. 60:159-163.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calhoun, J. V. (2019). "A strange Colias (Pieridae) among John Abbot's illustrations of Georgia Lepidoptera". News of the Lepidopterists' Society. 61:8-11, 37.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calhoun, J. & D. Johnston (2010). "John Abbot, the English naturalist-artist in Virginia." Banisteria. 35:3-10.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gilbert, P. (1998). "John Abbot: birds, butterflies and other wonders". Merell Holberton (London): 128 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hollingsworth, D. (1989) (ed.), The History of Screven County, Georgia (Dallas, Tex.: Curtis Media Corporation).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Neri, J., T. Nummedal & J. V. Calhoun (2019). "John Abbot and William Swainson: art, science, and commerce in ninetheenth-century natural history illustration". University of Alabama Press (Tuscaloosa, Alabama): 239 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rogers-Price, V. (1983). "John Abbot in Georgia: the vision of a naturalist artist (1751-ca.1840)". Madison-Morgan Cultural Center (Madison, Georgia): 149 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rogers-Price, V. (1997). "John Abbot's birds of Georgia: selected drawings from the Houghton Library Harvard University". Beehive Press (Savannah): xlii + 26 pl.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guide to John Abbot's works at Houghton Library, Harvard University

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Abbot historical marker

alias:
J. A.
Abbot

description: British born, American entomologist, ornithologist and scientific illustrator

wikidata_label: John Abbot

wikipedia_title: John Abbot (entomologist)