text:
Belfast
Northern Ireland
comic book
artist
Garth Ennis
Crisis
Deadline
DC Comics
The Demon
Hitman
Eisner Award
Caliber
Avatar
Marvel
Dark Horse Comics
2000 AD
Herogasm
The Boys
IGN
Guinness World Records
John Layman
IDW
Topps MA!
Deadpool
Phil Hester
David Lloyd
Neil Kleid
Ghosts
Garth Ennis
2000 AD
1989
Garth Ennis
Crisis
Malachy Coney
Crisis
Mark Millar
Crisis
Chopper
Garth Ennis
Judge Dredd Megazine
1990
Judge Death
Si Spencer
1991
Middenface McNulty
Alan Grant
Tony Luke
Judge Dredd Megazine
1992
Judge Dredd
Garth Ennis
1993
Gordon Rennie
2004
The Demon
Garth Ennis
Hitman
Garth Ennis
issue #1,000,000
tpb
The Demon
Batman Chronicles
tpb
tpb
tpb
tpb
Hitman
Lobo
one-shot
JLA/Hitman
mini-series
2007
Dicks
Garth Ennis
Preacher Special; Tall in the Saddle
Steve Dillon
Cruel and Unusual
Jamie Delano
Tom Peyer
Andrew Chiu
Vertigo
1999
Doselle Young
Superman
Garth Ennis
Mark Millar
Wildstorm
2000
Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror
Garth Ennis
2001
Trooper
Garth Ennis
Jimmy Palmiotti
"Star Wars Tales" #10
Dark Horse Comics
The Monarchy
Doselle Young
Superboy
Spider-Man's Tangled Web
Garth Ennis
tpb
2002
Spider-Man
Ron Zimmerman
James Hodgkins
Hulk Smash!
Garth Ennis
Marvel
tpb
Sinister Dexter
Dan Abnett
2005
The Atheist
Phil Hester
Image Comics
The 99
Fabian Nicieza
Teshkeel Comics
2007
Theseus battling the Minotaur
one-shot
Lerner Publishing Group
The Boys
Herogasm
Garth Ennis
Dynamite Entertainment
Eisner Award
John McCrea
John McCrea
John McCrea
Lambiek
Old site
John McCrea interview
PJ Holden
John McCrea, hitman and madman

categories: People educated at Sullivan Upper School,1966 births,Writers from Belfast,Comics artists from Northern Ireland,Living people

paragraph: John McCrea (comics)

paragraph: John McCrea (born 1966 in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is a comic book artist best known for his collaborations with writer Garth Ennis.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1989, after a few years of drawing television and toy tie-ins, he illustrated Ennis's debut, the political series "Troubled Souls", in "Crisis", as well as its sequel, the farce "For a Few Troubles More". He later illustrated the series "Carla Allison" in "Deadline".

paragraph: He broke into American comics in 1993, drawing Ennis's run on DC Comics's "The Demon", followed by its spin-off, "Hitman", from 1996 to 2001, on which McCrea developed a versatile drawing style equally at home with goofy humour, action, and subtle characterisation. Hitman issue 34 won the Eisner Award for best single issue in 1999. His wilder, more exaggerated cartooning found an outlet with "Dicks", a mini-series spinning off from "For a Few Troubles More" into more outrageous dialect, sexual and toilet humour, published by Caliber in 1997, with a sequel, "Dicks II", from Avatar in 2002.

paragraph: Since "Hitman" finished he has drawn a variety of characters for DC, Marvel, Dark Horse Comics, 2000 AD and others. Recent work includes "Herogasm" a limited series spun off from Garth Ennis' "The Boys".

paragraph: On 9 April 2011 McCrea was one of 62 comics creators who appeared at the IGN stage at the Kapow! convention in London to set two Guinness World Records, the Fastest Production of a Comic Book, and Most Contributors to a Comic Book.

paragraph: In 2012 he started work on the Mars Attacks! 50th anniversary relaunch of the ongoing comic, written by John Layman and published by IDW. He also contributed 15 new cards to the Topps MA! Heritage set and exclusive variants for the set.

paragraph: While pencilling and inking the MA! comic, he has also found time to pencil and ink issue 49.1 of "Deadpool" for Marvel, "Warpaint" (written by Phil Hester) for UK based Strip Magazine and "Progenitor" (also written by Hester) for David Lloyd's bold new online only publishing adventure "Aces Weekly".

paragraph: He returned to DC briefly in 2013 through their Vertigo imprint for an 8 pager (written by Neil Kleid) for their one shot "Ghosts". He returned again, this time to mainline DC Comics, for miniseries "Section 8", based on supporting characters of "Hitman". "Section 8" also marks his reunion with "Hitman" writer Garth Ennis and the team's return to the series.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fast Forward" (with Hilary Robinson, in "2000 AD" #615, 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Troubled Souls" (with Garth Ennis, in "Crisis" #15-27, 40 & 46, 1989–1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wyrmwood" (with Malachy Coney, in "Crisis" #29, 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Her parents" (with Mark Millar, in "Crisis" #31, 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chopper": "Earth, Wind and Fire" (with Garth Ennis, in "Judge Dredd Megazine" #1.01-1.06, 1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Judge Death": "Masque of the Judge, Death" (with Si Spencer, in "Judge Dredd Mega-Special" #4, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Middenface McNulty": "Wan Man an' His Dug" (with Alan Grant and Tony Luke, in "Judge Dredd Megazine" #1.15-1.20, 1991-1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Judge Dredd":

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Craftsman" (with Garth Ennis, in "2000 AD" #817, 1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Last Respects" (with Gordon Rennie, in "2000 AD" #1389, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Placebo" (with Rufus Dog, in "2000 AD" #1405, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Demon" #40,42-48,50,52-60 (with Garth Ennis, DC Comics, 1993–1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hitman" (with Garth Ennis, 60 issues, DC, specials: Annual #1, issue #1,000,000, 1996–2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hitman" (tpb collects #1-3 + "The Demon Annual" #2 + Batman Chronicles #4, 1997 )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "10,000 Bullets" (tpb collects #4-8, 1998 )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Local Heroes" (tpb collects #9-14 + Annual #1, 1999 )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ace of Killers" (tpb collects #15-22, 2000 )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who Dares Wins" (tpb collects #23-28, 2001 )

paragraph: BULLET::::- uncollected: 29-33, 1,000,0000, 34-60

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hitman/Lobo: That Stupid Bastich!" (one-shot, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "JLA/Hitman" (2-issue mini-series, DC, 2007, ongoing)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dicks" (with Garth Ennis, 1997–2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Preacher Special; Tall in the Saddle" (with Steve Dillon, one-shot, DC/Vertigo 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cruel and Unusual" (pencils, with authors Jamie Delano/Tom Peyer and inks by Andrew Chiu, Vertigo, 4-issue mini-series, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wonder Woman Annual" vol. 2 #154-155 (with Doselle Young, DC, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Superman 80-Page Giant": "How To Be A Super-Hero" (with Garth Ennis, DC, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (with Mark Millar, 5-issue mini-series, Wildstorm, 2000, )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror" #7: "In Springfield, No-One Can Hear You Scream" (with Garth Ennis, 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trooper" (with Garth Ennis & Jimmy Palmiotti, in "Star Wars Tales" #10, 2001, collected in "Star Wars Tales, Volume Three", Dark Horse Comics, 2003, )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Monarchy" (with Doselle Young, 12 issues, Wildstorm, 2001–2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Superboy" #92-100

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spider-Man's Tangled Web" #1-3: "The Coming of the Thousand" (with Garth Ennis, 2001, tpb, 2002 )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spider-Man": "Get Kraven" (pencils with Ron Zimmerman, and inks by James Hodgkins, 5 issues, Marvel, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hulk Smash!" (with Garth Ennis, Marvel, 2 issues, 2001, collected in tpb "Incredible Hulk Vol. 7: Dead Like Me", August 2004, )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sinister Dexter" "Vircade" (with Dan Abnett, in "2000 AD" #1431, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Atheist" (with Phil Hester, Image Comics, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The 99" (with Fabian Nicieza, Teshkeel Comics, 2007-ongoing)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Theseus battling the Minotaur" (one-shot, Lerner Publishing Group)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Boys": "Herogasm" (with Garth Ennis, mini-series, Dynamite Entertainment, 2009)

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 Eisner Award for Best Single Issue (for "Hitman#34: Of Thee I Sing")

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John McCrea at 2000 AD online

paragraph: BULLET::::- John McCrea on Marvel.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- John McCrea at Lambiek's Comiclopedia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Old site

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Interviews.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John McCrea interview by PJ Holden and Richmond Clments, 2000 AD Review, May 11, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- John McCrea, hitman and madman, Broken Frontier, November 7, 2008

description: Comic artist

wikidata_label: John McCrea

wikipedia_title: John McCrea (comics)


text: Kniaz'

text: Prince) of Turov

text: Veliki Kniaz

text: Grand Prince of Kiev

text: Turov Principality

text: Rostilavichi

text: Rostislav Vsevolodovich

text: Yaroslav I the Wise

text: Ingigerd Olafsdottir

text: Vladimir

text: Rus

text: Russkaya Pravda

text: Kiev Pechersk Monastery

text: Prince

text: Constantinople

text: Primary Chronicle

text: Antony

text: Greek Orthodox

text: monk

text: Esphigmenon monastery

text: Mount Athos

text: Liubech

text: Principality of Chernigov

text: Rus'

text: missionary

text: cave

text: Dnieper River

text: Veliki Kniaz

text: Grand Prince

text: Casimir I of Poland

text: Cherven

text: Kiev

text: Dobronega

text: Gertrude

text: Yaropolk

text: Sviatopolk

text: Yaroslav the Wise

text: Vladimir of Novgorod

text: popular uprising in 1068

text: Poland

text: German

text: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Bolesław II the Bold

text: Pope Gregory VII

text: Oleg Sviatoslavich

text: Boris Vyacheslavich

text: Gertrude

text: Yaropolk

text: Vseslav of Polotsk

text: Mieszko Bolesławowic

text: Bolesław II the Bold

text: Sviatopolk ΙΙ

text: List of Ukrainian rulers

text: List of Russian rulers

text: Genealogy of Yaroslav descendants

text: Izyaslav Yaroslavich

categories: Grand Princes of Kiev,1078 deaths,11th-century princes in Kievan Rus',1024 births,Rurik dynasty,Princes of Turov,Rurikids,Eastern Orthodox monarchs

paragraph: Iziaslav I of Kiev

paragraph: Iziaslav Yaroslavich (1024 – 3 October 1078, baptized as "Demetrius") Kniaz' (Prince) of Turov, Veliki Kniaz (Grand Prince of Kiev) (from 1054).

paragraph: Iziaslav's children Yaropolk and Sviatopolk would rule the Turov Principality. Their authority was mainly challenged by the Rostilavichi of Rostislav Vsevolodovich.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Iziaslav was the oldest son of Yaroslav I the Wise by his second wife Ingigerd Olafsdottir. Iziaslav succeeded his father, after Yaroslav's oldest child, Vladimir (the only child by Yaroslav's first wife), had predeceased his father. Iziaslav was one of the authors of ""Pravda Yaroslavichiv"" – a part of the first legal code of Rus, called Russkaya Pravda.

paragraph: He is also credited with the foundation of the Kiev Pechersk Monastery. Prince Iziaslav I of Kiev ceded the whole mountain to Antonite monks who founded a monastery built by architects from Constantinople. According to the Primary Chronicle, in the early 11th century, Antony, a Greek Orthodox monk from Esphigmenon monastery on Mount Athos, originally from Liubech in the Principality of Chernigov, returned to Rus' and settled in Kiev as a missionary of the monastic tradition to Kievan Rus'. He chose a cave at the Berestov Mount that overlooked the Dnieper River and a community of disciples soon grew.

paragraph: In 1043 his father Veliki Kniaz (Grand Prince) Yaroslav made an agreement with King Casimir I of Poland that recognized Cherven as part of Kiev. The agreement was sealed with a double marriage—Casimir to Dobronega, Yaroslav's sister; and Iziaslav to Gertrude, Casimir's sister. From this marriage were born three children: Iziaslav's son Yaropolk, Mstislav and Sviatopolk. Upon the death of Yaroslav the Wise, his realm was divided between three of his older sons (Vladimir of Novgorod died before that), Izyaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod, creating the Yaroslavichi triumvirate that ruled the country for the next 20 years.

paragraph: As a result of the popular uprising in 1068, Iziaslav was deposed and fled to Poland. In 1069 he retook Kiev with the help of the Polish army; however, he was ousted again by his brothers in 1073. Iziaslav turned to the German king Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Polish king Bolesław II the Bold, and Pope Gregory VII, for help on several occasions. Iziaslav became the first King of Rus' in 1075 when the Pope sent him a crown. He succeeded in retaking Kiev once again in 1076, but soon died in an internecine war against Princes Oleg Sviatoslavich and Boris Vyacheslavich.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: Iziaslav had the following children with Gertrude:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yaropolk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mstislav (?–1069), was a Prince of Novgorod (1054–1067) which he lost to Vseslav of Polotsk. He had a son Rostislav Mstislavich that died in 1093.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eupraxia, may have been married to Mieszko Bolesławowic, son of Bolesław II the Bold in 1088.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sviatopolk ΙΙ grand prince of Kiev.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ukrainian rulers

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Russian rulers

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin, Janet. "Medieval Russia, 980–1584 (Cambridge Medieval Textbooks)"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holy Dormition Kiev-Pechersk Lavra – Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of Yaroslav descendants

paragraph: BULLET::::- Izyaslav Yaroslavich at hrono.info

description: Grand Prince of Kiev

wikidata_label: Iziaslav I of Kiev

wikipedia_title: Iziaslav I of Kiev


text:
Irish
poet
Sir John Moore
County Kildare
Carrigallen
Co. Leitrim
Theobald Wolfe Tone
High Sheriff of Kildare
Arthur Wolfe, 1st Viscount Kilwarden
Bath
Salisbury
Hyde Abbey School
Trinity College, Dublin
scholarship
celibacy
Church of Ireland
Ballyclog
County Tyrone
Donaghmore, County Tyrone
Thomas Meredith
Trinity College Dublin
epitaphs
Sir John Moore
Corunna
Newry
Lord Byron
South of France
Ireland
Cobh
consumption
Old Church Cemetery
Castlecaulfield
St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
'Burial of Sir John Moore'

categories: Church of Ireland priests,People from County Kildare,Infectious disease deaths in Ireland,1791 births,Irish poets,19th-century Irish people,19th-century deaths from tuberculosis,1823 deaths,18th-century Irish people

paragraph: Charles Wolfe

paragraph: Charles Wolfe (14 December 1791 – 21 February 1823) was an Irish poet, chiefly remembered for "The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna" which achieved popularity in 19th century poetry anthologies.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Born at Blackhall, County Kildare, the youngest son of Theobald Wolfe (1739-1799) of Blackhall and his wife (who was also his cousin) Frances (d.1811), daughter of the Rev. Peter Lombard (d.1752) of Clooncorrick Castle, Carrigallen, Co. Leitrim. His father was the godfather - but widely believed to be the natural father - of Theobald Wolfe Tone. He was a brother of Peter Wolfe (1776-1848), High Sheriff of Kildare; and, their father's first cousin was Arthur Wolfe, 1st Viscount Kilwarden.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Not long after he was born, his father died and the family moved to England. In 1801, Wolfe was sent to a school in Bath but was sent home a few months later due to his ill health. From 1802 to 1805, he was tutored by a Dr Evans in Salisbury before being sent to Hyde Abbey School, Winchester. He seems to have been exceedingly popular both at school and within his own family. In 1808, his family returned to Ireland, and the following year he was entered into Trinity College, Dublin, graduating in 1814. He had turned down the chance to read for a scholarship as he was in love with a girl and could not commit to celibacy as was then required.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was ordained as a Church of Ireland priest in 1817, first taking the Curacy of Ballyclog in County Tyrone before transferring almost immediately to Donaghmore, County Tyrone. There he developed a close friendship and deep respect for the Rev. Thomas Meredith, Rector of nearby Ardtrea, and a former Fellow of Trinity College Dublin. Wolfe wrote two epitaphs for Meredith, one on his memorial in the parish church of Ardtrea, and another intended for his tomb, which can both be read within Meredith's entry.

paragraph: Charles Wolfe is best remembered for his poem, "The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna", written in 1816 and much collected in 19th and 20th century anthologies. The poem first appeared anonymously in the "Newry Telegraph" of 19 April 1817, and was re-printed in many other periodicals. But it was forgotten until after his death when Lord Byron drew the attention of the public to it. Wolfe's only volume of verse, "Poetical Remains" appeared in 1825 with "The Burial of Sir John Moore" and fourteen other verses of an equally high standard.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Wolfe remained at Donaghmore until 1820, but, rejected by the woman for whom he gave up his academic career, and with his only real friend in County Tyrone now dead (Meredith), he moved to the South of France. Shortly before his death he returned to Ireland and lived at Cobh, where he died at the age of 31 of consumption, which he caught from a cow. He is buried in Cobh at Old Church Cemetery. There is also a plaque to his memory in the church at Castlecaulfield, the village where he lived whilst Curate at Donaghmore, as well as a marble monument to him at St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Burial of Sir John Moore'

description: Irish poet

enwikiquote_title: Charles Wolfe

wikidata_label: Charles Wolfe

wikipedia_title: Charles Wolfe


text:
German
physiologist
embryology
Berlin
Brandenburg
University of Halle
epigenesis
Aristotle
William Harvey
preformation
homunculus
Albrecht von Haller
Seven Years' War
Prussian Army
Leonhard Euler
anatomy
Russian Academy of Sciences
Saint Petersburg
botany
dissertation
Marcello Malpighi
Heinz Christian Pander
Karl Ernst von Baer
germ layer
Wolffian ducts
Wolffian cysts
Wolffian body
mesonephros
Wolff's islands
blood islands
Medical eponyms

categories: Scientists from Berlin,University of Halle alumni,1794 deaths,People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg,1733 births,German physiologists,German military doctors,Embryologists,German people of the Seven Years' War,Full Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences

paragraph: Caspar Friedrich Wolff

paragraph: Caspar Friedrich Wolff (18 January 1733 – 22 February 1794) was a German physiologist and one of the founders of embryology.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Wolff was born in Berlin, Brandenburg. In 1759 he graduated as an M.D. from the University of Halle with his dissertation "Theoria Generationis" where he revived and supported the theory of epigenesis previously proposed by Aristotle and William Harvey. The paper consisted of three parts devoted to (1) development of plants, (2) development of animals, and (3) theoretical considerations. It indicated that organs are formed in differentiated layers from undifferentiated cells.Traditional and prevailing theory had speculated that organisms were already preformed in the seed (theory of preformation), that is in the human a homunculus was already sitting in the sperm. His views were not well received. Albrecht von Haller was a powerful antagonist. During the Seven Years' War, Wolff was required to practice as a field doctor in the Prussian Army. Thereafter he had difficulty entering academic life. Finally, in 1767, with help of the mathematician Leonhard Euler he obtained the chairmanship of anatomy at the St.Petersburg Academy of Sciences (now Russian Academy of Sciences). He died in Saint Petersburg.

paragraph: Section::::Research.

paragraph: Wolff's research covered embryology, anatomy, and botany. He was the discoverer of the primitive kidneys (mesonephros), or "Wolffian bodies" and its excretory ducts. He described these in his dissertation "Theoria Generationis" after observing them in his studies on chick embryos. According to Locy, since he assumed a total lack of organization in the beginning, he was obliged to make development "miraculous" through the action on the egg of a hyperphysical agent; from a total lack of organization, he conceived of its being lifted to the highly organized product through the action of a "vis essentialis corporis." In 1768-1769, he published his best work in embryology on the development of the intestine; of which Baer said, "It is the greatest masterpiece of scientific observation which we possess." Again, according to Locy, while Wolff's investigations for "Theoria Generationis" did not reach the level of Marcello Malpighi’s, those of the paper of 1768 surpassed them and held the position of the best piece of embryological work up to that of Heinz Christian Pander and Karl Ernst von Baer.

paragraph: Wolff’s "De Formatione Intestinorum" rather than his "Theoria Generationis" embodies his greatest contribution to embryology; in it he foreshadows the idea of germ layers in the embryo, which, under Pander and von Baer, became the fundamental conception in structural embryology- he laid the foundation for the germ layer theory. Wolff foreshadowed the germ layer theory by showing that the material out of which the embryo is constructed is, in an early stage of development, arranged in the form of leaf-like layers. Locy recognizes Wolff as the foremost investigator in embryology before von Baer.

paragraph: Wolff contended that the organs of animals make their appearance gradually and that he could actually follow their successive stages of formation.(Dye)

paragraph: Section::::Research.:Eponyms.

paragraph: Wolff's eponyms are:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Wolffian ducts or mesonephric ducts

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Wolffian cysts

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Wolffian body or mesonephros

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Wolff's islands or blood islands

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. William A. Locy, Biology and its Makers, Henry Holt and Company, New York, 1908

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Frank J. Dye, Dictionary of Developmental Biology and Embryology, Wiley-Liss, New York, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Speert H. Obstetrical and Gynecological Milestones. The Macmillan C., New York, 1958.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Medical eponyms

description: German psychologist

wikidata_label: Caspar Friedrich Wolff

wikipedia_title: Caspar Friedrich Wolff


text:
Turku
Finnish
motorcycle racer
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
karting
Formula One
Mika Häkkinen
Mika Salo
Jyrki Järvilehto
MotoGP
1988
Honda
Hockenheim
1989
Assen
Paul Ricard
Bernie Ecclestone
Photographs of Taru Rinne

categories: Sportspeople from Turku,Finnish sportswomen,Finnish motorcycle racers,1968 births,125cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Taru Rinne

paragraph: Taru Rinne (born 1968 in Turku) is a Finnish former professional motorcycle racer. She was the first woman to achieve points in Grand Prix motorcycle racing.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Karting.

paragraph: Rinne started her racing career in karting, competing against future Formula One drivers Mika Häkkinen, Mika Salo and Jyrki Järvilehto on multiple occasions. She won the Finnish Karting Championship in the 85cc class in 1979, ahead of Häkkinen. In 1980, she finished second behind Salo and ahead of Häkkinen who was fourth. She battled with Häkkinen again in 1981, and this time finished second in the series with Häkkinen becoming the champion. The next year Rinne won the series again and Häkkinen had to settle with second place. In 1983, she also finished first in the championship but was disqualified from the last race due to illegal fuel. Thus the title went to Häkkinen. She was also given a personal one-year ban from racing, which eventually ended her promising career in karting.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Road Racing.

paragraph: Despite her success on four wheels, Rinne decided to switch to motorcycles and debuted in the Road Racing World Championship, now known as MotoGP, in 1988. With her Honda bike she qualified second for the 125cc class GP at Hockenheim in 1989 and managed to lead the race for a while. She eventually finished seventh bettering her earlier eighth place at Assen. This was to remain her best ever result, as she got into a bad accident at Paul Ricard. While recovering from the accident, she got a letter from Bernie Ecclestone, who at the time decided which riders are allowed to compete in the series. The letter said that she is not qualified to compete next season. This ended her career at top-level and Rinne later said that the letter was the biggest disappointment of her life.

paragraph: Section::::Motorcycle Grand Prix Results.

paragraph: Points system from 1969 to 1987:

paragraph: Points system from 1988 to 1992:

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photographs of Taru Rinne

description: Finnish motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Taru Rinne

wikipedia_title: Taru Rinne


text: Cistercian monk

text: cleric

text: Abbot of Melrose

text: Bishop of Glasgow

text: Scotland

text: Melrose Abbey

text: Abbot Waltheof

text: prior

text: Saint Waltheof

text: Enguerrand

text: Bishop of Glasgow

text: William the Lion

text: Ermengarde de Beaumont

text: baptising

text: Alexander II

text: burgh

text: Glasgow

text: Glasgow fair

text: medieval Scotland

text: Chronicle of Melrose

text: Scotland

text: French

text: Anglo-Norman

text: Scot

text: Anglo-Saxon

text: South Lanarkshire

text: Dunsyre

text: Adam of Dryburgh

text: Britain

text: Walter of Coventry

text: Melrose Abbey

text: Waltheof

text: novice

text: saint

text: pilgrim

text: Prior

text: Chronicle of Melrose

text: St Kentigern

text: hagiography

text: Jocelin of Furness

text: Archie Duncan

text: Bishop of Ross

text: G. W. S. Barrow

text: chaplain

text: Enguerrand

text: episcopal

text: William the Lion

text: Perth

text: Scone

text: chapter

text: Pope Alexander III

text: dean

text: see

text: Cîteaux

text: Rome

text: Clairvaux

text: Papal legate

text: Eskil

text: Archbishop of Lund

text: Primate

text: Denmark

text: Kingdom of Scotland

text: Alnwick

text: Gilla Brigte, Lord of Galloway

text: Galloway

text: Gaelic

text: Henry II of England

text: Treaty of Falaise

text: Archbishop of York

text: Archbishop of Canterbury

text: Papal Bull

text: Patriarchate

text: Pope Lucius III

text: Dunfermline

text: Kelso

text: Inchcolm

text: Bishopric of St Andrews

text: excommunication

text: interdict

text: John the Scot

text: Hugh

text: Golden Rose

text: Prefect

text: Newbattle

text: Arbroath Abbey

text: Jedburgh Abbey

text: Dryburgh Abbey

text: David, Earl of Huntingdon

text: Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick

text: Woodstock

text: Oxford

text: Ermengarde de Beaumont

text: Alexander II

text: baptism

text: Richard I

text: canonise

text: Romanesque

text: cathedral of Lund

text: burghal status

text: burgh of Haddington

text: Glasgow Cross

text: River Clyde

text: St Patrick's Day

text: choir

text: Hugh de Roxburgh

text: Chancellor of Scotland

text: Anderson, Alan Orr

text: Marjorie Anderson

text: Barrow, G. W. S.

text: Broun, Dauvit

text: Dowden, John

text: Duncan, A. A. M.

text: accessed 29 Nov 2006

text: Oram, Richard

text: , accessed 1 Dec 2006

text: Skene, William F.

text: Catholic Encyclopedia, "Jocelin"

text: The Glasgow Story, "Bishop Jocelin"

text: Christianity in Medieval Scotland

text: Roman Catholicism in Great Britain

text: Scotland in the High Middle Ages

categories: Abbots of Melrose,Bishops of Glasgow,12th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1199 deaths,1130s births,Scoto-Normans,People from the Scottish Borders

paragraph: Jocelin of Glasgow

paragraph: Jocelin (or Jocelyn) (died 1199) was a twelfth-century Cistercian monk and cleric who became the fourth Abbot of Melrose before becoming Bishop of Glasgow, Scotland. He was probably born in the 1130s, and in his teenage years became a monk of Melrose Abbey. He rose in the service of Abbot Waltheof, and by the time of the short abbacy of Waltheof's successor Abbot William, Jocelin had become prior. Then in 1170 Jocelin himself became abbot, a position he held for four years. Jocelin was responsible for promoting the cult of the emerging Saint Waltheof, and in this had the support of Enguerrand, Bishop of Glasgow.

paragraph: His Glasgow connections and political profile were already well-established enough that in 1174 Jocelin succeeded Enguerrand as Glasgow's bishop. As Bishop of Glasgow, he was a royal official. In this capacity he travelled abroad on several occasions, and performed the marriage ceremony between King William the Lion and Ermengarde de Beaumont, later baptising their son, the future King Alexander II. Among other things, he has been credited by modern historians as "the founder of the burgh of Glasgow and initiator of the Glasgow fair", as well as being one of the greatest literary patrons in medieval Scotland, commissioning the "Life of St Waltheof", the "Life of St Kentigern" and the "Chronicle of Melrose".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Jocelin and his family probably came from the south-east of Scotland. The names of neither his father nor his mother are known, but he had two known brothers, with the names Helia and Henry, and a cousin, also called Helia. The names suggest that his family were of French, or at least Anglo-Norman origin, rather than being a Scot or native Anglo-Saxon. There are some indications that his family held land in South Lanarkshire, namely because they seem to have possessed rights in the church of Dunsyre. It is unlikely that he would have thought of himself as "Scottish". For Jocelin's contemporary and fellow native of the Borders, Adam of Dryburgh, this part of Britain was still firmly regarded as "terra Anglorum" (the "Land of English"), although it was located inside the "regnum Scottorum" (the "Kingdom of the Scots"). This would be no obstacle to Jocelin, however. His Anglo-French cultural background was in fact probably necessary for the patronage of the King of Scots. As Walter of Coventry wrote of King William's era, "the modern kings of Scotland count themselves as Frenchmen, in race, manners, language and culture; they keep only Frenchmen in their household and following, and have reduced the Scots to utter servitude".

paragraph: Like that of almost every character from this period, Jocelin's year of birth is unknown to modern historians. It is known that he entered as a novice monk in Melrose Abbey during the abbacy of Waltheof (ab. 1148–1159), and from documentary evidence it seems likely that Jocelin entered Melrose about 50 years before his death in 1199. As the rules of the Cistercian order prevented entry as a novice before the age of 15, it is likely that he was born around the year 1134. Little is known about Jocelin's early life or his early career as a Melrose monk. He obviously successfully completed his one-year noviciate, the year in which a prospective monk was introduced to monasticism and judged fit or unfit for admittance. We know that Abbot Waltheof (Waldef) thought highly of him and granted him many responsibilities. After the death of Abbot Waltheof, his successor, Abbot William, refused to encourage the rumours which had quickly been spreading about Waltheof's saintliness. Abbot William attempted to silence such rumours, and shelter his monks from the intrusiveness of would-be pilgrims. However, William was unable to get the better of Waltheof's emerging cult, and his actions had alienated him from the brethren. As a result, William resigned the abbacy in April 1170. Jocelin was by this stage the Prior of Melrose, that is, the second in command at the monastery, and thus William's most likely replacement.

paragraph: Section::::Abbot of Melrose.

paragraph: So it was that Prior Jocelin became abbot on 22 April 1170. Jocelin embraced the cult without hesitation. Under the year of his accession, it was reported in the "Chronicle of Melrose" that:

paragraph: Promoting saints was something Jocelin would repeat at Glasgow, where he "transferred his enthusiasm to St Kentigern" and commissioned a hagiography of that saint, the saint most venerated by the Celts of the diocese of Glasgow. It is no coincidence that Jocelin of Furness, the man who wrote the "Life of St. Waltheof", was the same man later commissioned to write the "Life of St. Kentigern".

paragraph: This kind of literary patronage started while Jocelin was abbot of Melrose. Archie Duncan has shown that it was probably Jocelin who first commissioned the writing of the "Chronicle of Melrose". Duncan argued that Jocelin commissioned the entries dealing with the period between 731 and 1170, putting the writing in the hands of a monk named Reinald (who later became Bishop of Ross). This chronicle is one of the few extant chronicles from "Scotland" in this period. G. W. S. Barrow, writing before Duncan advanced these arguments, noted that down to the end of King William's reign "the chronicle of Melrose Abbey ... represents a strongly 'Anglo-Norman' as opposed to a native Scottish point of view". It is thus possible that this anti-Scottish world-view reflected that of Jocelin's, at least before he left the abbey.

paragraph: After his election to the prestigious bishopric of Glasgow in 1174, Jocelin would continue exerting influence on his home monastery. Jocelin brought one of his monks from the abbey, a man called Michael, who acted as Jocelin's chaplain while Bishop of Glasgow. He did not resign his position as abbot until after his consecration in 1175. Jocelin consecrated his successors as abbot, and continued to spend a great deal of time there. Moreover, he used his position as bishop to offer the monastery patronage and protection.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Glasgow.

paragraph: After the death of his friend Bishop Enguerrand, Jocelin was elevated to the bishopric of Glasgow. He was elected on 23 May 1174. The election, like many other Scottish episcopal elections of the period, was done in the presence of the king, William the Lion, at Perth, near Scone, the chief residence of Scotland's kings. The election was probably done by "compromissarii", meaning that the general chapter of the bishopric of Glasgow had selected a small group to which they delegated the power of election. Pope Alexander III was later told that Jocelin was elected by the dean and chapter of the see. The "Chronicle of Melrose" states that he was elected "by demand of the clergy, and of the people; and with the consent of the king himself", perhaps indicating that the decision had already been made by the Glasgow clergy before the formal election at Perth. The election was certainly an achievement. Cistercian bishops were rare in Great Britain, and Jocelin was only the second Cistercian to ascend a Scottish bishopric. Jocelin was required to go to France to obtain permission from the General Chapter of the Cistercian order at Cîteaux to resign the abbacy. Pope Alexander III had already sanctioned his consecration, and gave permission for the consecration to occur without forcing Jocelin to travel to Rome. Conveniently, it was at Cistercian house of Clairvaux that, sometime before 15 March 1175, Jocelin was consecrated by the Papal legate Eskil, Archbishop of Lund and Primate of Denmark. Jocelin had returned to the Kingdom of Scotland by 10 April, and it is known that on 23 May he had consecrated a monk named Laurence as his successor at Melrose.

paragraph: He was soon faced with a political challenge to the independence of his church. The challenge came from the English church, and was not new, but had lain dormant for some decades. The reason it was awakened was that in the summer of 1174 King William had invaded northern England, and on 13 July, having been caught underprotected during a siege at Alnwick, was captured and taken into English custody. The capture was disastrous for the king, leading to a revolt by Gilla Brigte, Lord of Galloway, and to many of William's discontented subjects "ruthlessly" slaying "their English and French neighbours" and perpetrating a "most wretched and widespread persecution of the English both in Scotland and Galloway", that is, of the English and French-speaking settlers William and his predecessors had planted around the castles and towns of his Gaelic-speaking territories in order to increase royal authority. Worse still, and more significantly for Jocelin, in the following year King Henry II of England forced William to sign the Treaty of Falaise, a treaty which made William Henry's vassal specifically for Scotland and sanctioned the subordination of the kingdom's bishoprics to the English church.

paragraph: Jocelin did not, in the end, submit either to the Archbishop of York or even the Archbishop of Canterbury and managed to obtain a Papal Bull which declared the see of Glasgow to be a "special daughter" of the Roman Patriarchate. Jocelin, moreover, does not seem to have been interested in the independence of the other "Scottish" sees, but merely to maintain his own episcopal independence, i.e. that of the bishopric of Glasgow. On 10 August 1175, along with many other Scottish-based magnates and prelates, Jocelin was at Henry's court giving his obedience to the king as stipulated in the treaty. Jocelin again appeared at King Henry's court in January 1176. This time church matters were on the agenda. When the Archbishop of York confronted Jocelin over the subordination of the bishopric of Glasgow to the archbishopric of York, Jocelin refused to acknowledge this part of the treaty, and presented him with the Papal Bull declaring Glasgow to be a "special daughter".

paragraph: This Bull was confirmed by Pope Alexander's successor Pope Lucius III. Jocelin had obtained this confirmation while at Rome in late 1181 and early 1182. He had been sent there by King William, along with abbots of Melrose, Dunfermline and Kelso and the prior of Inchcolm, in order to appeal to the Pope regarding his stance in a struggle over the Bishopric of St Andrews and the sentence of excommunication and interdict the Pope had placed over the king and kingdom. The dispute concerned the election to the bishopric of John the Scot, which had been opposed by the king, who organised the election of his own candidate, Hugh. The mission was successful. The Pope lifted the interdict, absolved the king and appointed two legates to investigate the issue of the St Andrews succession. The Pope even sent the king a Golden Rose, an item usually given to the Prefect of Rome. The issue of the succession, however, did not go away. In 1186, Jocelin, along with the abbots of Melrose, Dunfermline and Newbattle, excommunicated Hugh on the instructions of Pope Lucius. Hugh travelled to Rome in 1188, and obtained absolution, but he died of the pestilence in that city a few days later, thus allowing the issue to be resolved.

paragraph: It is certainly obvious that Jocelin was one of the most respected figures in the kingdom. In this era, the Pope appointed Jocelin Judge-delegate (of the Papacy) more times than any other cleric in the kingdom. As a bishop and an ex-abbot, various bishoprics and monasteries called him in to mediate disputes, as evidenced by his frequent appearance as a witness in dispute settlements, such as the dispute between Arbroath Abbey and the Bishopric of St Andrews, and a dispute between Jedburgh Abbey and Dryburgh Abbey. Jocelin had the respect of the secular elite too. He witnessed 24 royal charters and 40 non-royal charters, including charters issued by David, Earl of Huntingdon (the brother of King William), Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick, and Alan Fitzwalter, High Steward of Scotland. Jocelin had been with King William when he visited the English court in 1186, and again accompanied the king to England when the king travelled to Woodstock near Oxford to marry Ermengarde de Beaumont on 5 September 1186. The marriage was blessed by Bishop Jocelin in their chamber, and it was to Jocelin's escort that King William entrusted her for the journey to Scotland. When a son was born to William and Ermengarde, the future King Alexander II, it was Jocelin who performed the baptism. In April 1194, Jocelin again travelled to England in King William's company when William was visiting King Richard I. Jocelin's intimacy with the king would be the key to earning his patronage, thus making possible the legacy that Jocelin would leave to Glasgow.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and death.

paragraph: His years at Glasgow left a mark on history that can be compared favourably with any previous or future bishop. Jocelin commissioned his namesake Jocelin of Furness, the same man who had written the "Life of St. Waltheof", to write a "Life of St. Kentigern", a task all the more necessary because, after 1159, the Papacy claimed the right to canonise saints. Kentigern, or Mungo as he is popularly known, was the saint traditionally associated with the see of Glasgow, and his status therefore reflected on Glasgow as a church and cult-centre. There had already been a cathedral at Glasgow before Jocelin's episcopate. The idea that the ecclesiastical establishment before Jocelin was simply a small church with a larger Gaelic or British monastic establishment has been discredited by scholars. Jocelin did, though, expand the cathedral significantly. As the "Chronicle of Melrose" reports for 1181, Jocelin "gloriously enlarged the church of St Kentigern". However, more work was created for the builders when, sometime between the years 1189 and 1195, there was a fire at the cathedral. Jocelin thus had to commission another rebuilding effort. The new cathedral was dedicated, according to the "Chronicle of Melrose", on 6 July 1197. It was built in the Romanesque manner, and although little survives of it today, it is thought to have been influenced by the cathedral of Lund, the archbishop of which had consecrated Jocelin as bishop.

paragraph: However, he left a still greater legacy to the city of Glasgow. At some point between the years 1175 and 1178, Jocelin obtained from King William a grant of burghal status for the settlement of Glasgow, with a market every Thursday. The grant of a market was the first ever official grant of a weekly market to a burgh. Moreover, between 1189 and 1195, King William granted the burgh an annual fair, a fair still in existence today, increasing Glasgow's status as an important settlement. As well as new revenues for the bishop, the rights entailed by Glasgow's new burghal status and market privileges brought new people to the settlement, one of the first of whom was one Ranulf de Haddington, a former burghess of Haddington. The new settlement was laid out (probably under the influence of the burgh of Haddington) around Glasgow Cross, down the hill from the cathedral and old fort of Glasgow, but above the flood level of the River Clyde.

paragraph: When Jocelin died, he was back at Melrose Abbey, where his career had begun. He may have retired to Melrose knowing his death was near. Jocelin certainly did die at Melrose, passing away on St Patrick's Day (17 March) 1199. He was buried in the monks' choir of Melrose Abbey Church. Hugh de Roxburgh, Chancellor of Scotland, was elected as Jocelin's replacement. The "Chronicle of Melrose" has only a short obituary.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, Alan Orr, "Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286", 2 Vols, (Edinburgh, 1922), vol. ii

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, Alan Orr, "Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers: AD 500–1286", (London, 1908), republished, Marjorie Anderson (ed.) (Stamford, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barrow, G. W. S. (ed.), "The Acts of William I", "Regesta Regum Scottorum", vol. ii, (Edinburgh, 1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barrow, G. W. S., "David I and Glasgow", in G.W.S. Barrow (ed.), "The Kingdom of the Scots", 2nd Edition, (Edinburgh, 2003), pp. 203–213

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barrow, G.W.S., "The Reign of William the Lion", in G.W.S. Barrow (ed.), "Scotland and its Neighbours in the Middle Ages", (Edinburgh, 1972), pp. 67–89

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broun, Dauvit, "A New Look at Gesta Annalia attributed to John of Fordun", in Barbara Crawford (ed.), "Church, Chronicle and Learning in Medieval and Early Renaissance Scotland", (Edinburgh, 1999), pp. 9–30

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dowden, John, "The Bishops of Scotland", ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duncan, A. A. M., "Jocelin (d. 1199)", in "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press", 2004 accessed 29 Nov 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duncan, A. A. M., "Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom", (Edinburgh, 1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duncan, A. A. M., "Sources and Uses of the Chronicle of Melrose,", in Simon Taylor (ed.), "Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland, 500–1297", (Dublin, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fawcett, Richard, & Oram, Richard, "Melrose Abbey", (Stroud, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howlett R. (ed.), "Chronicles of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I", (Rolls Series, no. 82)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oram, Richard, "The Lordship of Galloway", (Edinburgh, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Owen, D. D. R., "The Reign of William the Lion: Kingship and Culture,", (East Linton, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scott, W. W., "William I [William the Lion] (c.1142–1214)", in the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 1 Dec 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shead, Norman F., "Glasgow: An Ecclesiastical Burgh", in M. Lynch, M. Spearman & G. Stell (eds.), "The Scottish Medieval Town", (Edinburgh, 1988), pp. 116–132

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shead, Norman F., "Jocelin, abbot of Melrose), and bishop of Glasgow)", in "The Innes Review", vol. 54, no. 1 (Spring, 2003), pp. 1–22

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skene, Felix J. H., "John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation", (Edinburgh, 1872)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skene, William F., "Johnnis de Fordun: Chronica Gentis Scotorum", (Edinburgh, 1871)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stringer, Keith J., "Reform Monasticism and Celtic Scotland", in Edward J. Cowan & R. Andrew McDonald (eds.), "Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages", (East Lothian, 2000), pp. 127–165

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Driscoll, Stephen T., "Excavations at Glasgow Cathedral", Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph 18, (Leeds, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Driscoll, Stephen T., "Excavations in Glasgow Cathedral: A preliminary report on the archaeological discoveries made in 1992–3", in "Glasgow Archaeological Journal", 17, (1992), pp. 63–76

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duncan, A.A.M., "St Kentigern in Glasgow Cathedral in the twelfth century", in Richard Fawcett (ed.), "Medieval Art and Architecture in the Diocese of Glasgow", (Leeds, 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Forbes, A.P. (ed.), "Lives of St Ninian and St Kentigern", (Edinburgh, 1874)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cynthia Whidden Green, "Saint Kentigern, Apostle to Strathclyde: A critical analysis of a northern saint"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Encyclopedia, "Jocelin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Glasgow Story, "Bishop Jocelin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Melrose Abbey — Factsheet", BBC website

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christianity in Medieval Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholicism in Great Britain

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scotland in the High Middle Ages

description: Cistercian monk and cleric

wikidata_label: Jocelin of Glasgow

wikipedia_title: Jocelin of Glasgow


text:
bishop of Glasgow
Archdeacon of Teviotdale
Máel Coluim IV
Chancellor of Scotland
Pope Alexander III
Sens
France
William the Lion
Jocelin
Abbot of Melrose
Walthoef
Anderson, Alan Orr
Dowden, John
Oram, Richard

categories: Lord Chancellors of Scotland,12th-century births,Bishops of Glasgow,1174 deaths

paragraph: Enguerrand (bishop of Glasgow)

paragraph: Enguerrand (also Ingram, died 1174) was a twelfth-century bishop of Glasgow. He had previously been Archdeacon of Teviotdale, and had served king Máel Coluim IV as Chancellor of Scotland between 1161 and 1164. He was elected Bishop of Glasgow on Sunday, 20 September 1164, and consecrated on 28 October at the hands of Pope Alexander III himself in Sens, France, where the Pope was then resident. He did not return to the diocese until 2 June 1165. Although he resigned the position of Royal Chancellor upon election to the bishopric, there is charter evidence that he once again became Chancellor in the reign of King William the Lion, probably in the year 1171. Notable actions of his episcopate included, probably on the request of his friend (and successor) Jocelin, then Abbot of Melrose, the opening of the tomb of the emerging saint Walthoef. He died on 2 February 1174.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, Alan Orr, "Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286", 2 Vols, (Edinburgh, 1922), vol. ii

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dowden, John, "The Bishops of Scotland", ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fawcetts, Richard, & Oram, Richard, "Melrose Abbey", (Stroud, 2004)

alias: Ingram Ingelram

description: Bishop of Glasgow

wikidata_label: Enguerrand

wikipedia_title: Enguerrand (bishop of Glasgow)


text:
Emmy Award
Tennessee Williams
The Glass Menagerie
Nice, France
Jeanne Patterson Miles
The Putney School
Putney, Vermont
Actors Studio
Al Pacino
Robert DeNiro
Dustin Hoffman
Emmy Award
Tennessee Williams
The Glass Menagerie
The Way We Live Now
Bug
The Ultimate Warrior
The Dark Secret of Harvest Home
A Fire in the Sky
Cross Creek
Blackout
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are Dead
Above Suspicion
Judge Dredd
Sex and Breakfast
Sarek
Sarek
Unification
Tom Selleck
Turner Network Television
Western
Crossfire Trail
The Incredible Hulk
NBC
The Eddie Capra Mysteries
Joanna Miles
University of Wisconsin
Actors Studio audio collection

categories: Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners,20th-century American actresses,American television actresses,People from Nice,1940 births,American film actresses,21st-century American actresses,The Putney School alumni,Living people,French emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Joanna Miles

paragraph: Joanna Miles (born March 6, 1940) is an American actress. She was awarded two Emmy Awards for her portrayal of Laura Wingfield in the 1973 film production of Tennessee Williams' "The Glass Menagerie".

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Miles was born in Nice, France, the daughter of Jeanne Patterson Miles, an American painter, and Johannes Schiefer, a French painter and art curator. She immigrated to the United States, and was naturalized a citizen, in 1941. She graduated from The Putney School, a progressive independent high school in Putney, Vermont, in 1958. She was accepted into the Actors Studio, where she studied alongside Al Pacino, Robert DeNiro, and Dustin Hoffman.

paragraph: Section::::Acting career.

paragraph: Miles won two Emmy Awards for her portrayal of Laura Wingfield in the 1973 film production of Tennessee Williams' "The Glass Menagerie": the Super Emmy for Best Supporting Actress in Drama, and Supporting Actress of the Year.

paragraph: She has also played supporting roles in various movies, including "The Way We Live Now" (1970), "Bug" (1975), "The Ultimate Warrior" (1975), "The Dark Secret of Harvest Home" (1978), "A Fire in the Sky" (1978), "Cross Creek" (1983), "Blackout" (1988), "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are Dead" (1990), "Above Suspicion" (1995), "Judge Dredd" (1995) and "Sex and Breakfast" (2007). She is known to "" fans as Perrin, Sarek's wife, from the episodes "Sarek" and "Unification".

paragraph: In 2001, she had a secondary role as the wife of a storekeeper in Tom Selleck's Turner Network Television Western film, "Crossfire Trail". She was also in an episode of "The Incredible Hulk" entitled "The Quiet Room" and in the episode "Murder on the Flip Side" of the NBC crime drama "The Eddie Capra Mysteries".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Miles married William Burns in May 1970; they divorced in 1977. She remarried to film producer Michael Brandman in 1978; they have one son, Miles Brandman.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joanna Miles at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Joanna Miles

wikipedia_title: Joanna Miles


text: German

text: Catholic

text: Mainberg

text: Bavaria

text: Erfurt

text: University of Paris

text: Master of Arts

text: University of Paris

text: Vienna

text: Regensburg

text: priest

text: cathedral canon

text: Papal Curia

text: Avignon

text: Ratisbon

text: Dominican

text: Thomas of Cantimpré

text: Munich

text: Augsburg

text: astronomy

text: physics

text: Joannes Sacrobosco

text: hymn

text: Beghards

text: Beguines

text: translatio imperii

text: Pope Urban V

text: biographies of saints

text: Occam

categories: German naturalists,University of Paris alumni,1309 births,German entomologists,14th-century German writers,1374 deaths,German zoologists,German male writers,People from Roth (district),Roman Catholic writers

paragraph: Conrad of Megenberg

paragraph: Conrad of Megenberg (, ; 1309–1374) was a German Catholic scholar, and a writer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Conrad was born in either Mainberg or Mebenburg, both in Bavaria. He was born on 2 February 1309. Conrad himself calls his native place Megenberg, hence continued confusion on his birthplace. He studied at Erfurt and the University of Paris; at the latter university he obtained the degree of Master of Arts, and he taught philosophy and theology at the University of Paris for several years.

paragraph: By 1337 he was living in Vienna. That year he became head of St. Stephen's school. He relocated, in 1342, to Regensburg. There, he became a priest, then a preacher, and eventually a cathedral canon. He was also a member of the local town council. In 1357 he made a journey to the Papal Curia in 'Babylonian exile' at Avignon. He died at Ratisbon (and alternative name for Regensburg) on 11 April 1374.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Conrad was one of the most prolific German writers of the fourteenth century. He wrote over thirty books. His best-known and most widely read work is his "Buch der Natur". According to his own statement he was engaged in writing it in 1349. A Latin work, "De naturis rerum", of the Dominican Thomas of Cantimpré (d. 1263), served as model. Conrad, however, prepared his book with considerable freedom; much of the original was omitted, his own observations were introduced, corrections were made, and so on. His work gives a survey of all that was known of natural history at that time and is, besides, the first natural history in the German language. It was widely read up to the sixteenth century, and numerous manuscript copies of it are still extant, eighteen being at Munich. The first printed edition with a date is of 1475, and was issued at Augsburg from the shop of Hans BŠmler, under the title of "Puch der Natur". It was printed at least six times before 1500; some of the editions were illustrated, all are now rare incunabula. A new edition of the original text was issued by Franz Pfeiffer (Stuttgart, 1861), with an introduction; an edition in modern German was edited by H. Schulz (Greifswald, 1897).

paragraph: The work has eight chapters

paragraph: BULLET::::- the nature of man

paragraph: BULLET::::- sky, 7 planets, astronomy and meteorology

paragraph: BULLET::::- zoology

paragraph: BULLET::::- ordinary and aromatic trees

paragraph: BULLET::::- plants and vegetables

paragraph: BULLET::::- invaluable and semi-precious stones

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10 kinds of metals

paragraph: BULLET::::- water and rivers.

paragraph: Of Conrad's numerous other writings there should be mentioned:

paragraph: BULLET::::- the "Sphære" 'Spheres', a small compendium in German of astronomy and physics, prepared from the Latin work of Joannes Sacrobosco

paragraph: BULLET::::- some poems, including "Planctus ecclesiæ in Germania" (1337)

paragraph: BULLET::::- a hymn in praise of the Virgin

paragraph: BULLET::::- a work on morals, "Speculum felicitatis humanæ" 'mirror of human happiness' (1348)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De erroribus Begehardorum et Beguinarum" 'about the errors of Beghards and Beguines'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De translatione imperii" (1355) on the "translatio imperii", i.e. 'succession' of empires

paragraph: BULLET::::- the large work "Oeconomica", written between 1353 and 1363

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tractatus contra mendicantes ad Papam Urbanum V" 'treatise against mendicant (order)s addressed to Pope Urban V

paragraph: BULLET::::- several biographies of saints

paragraph: BULLET::::- some historical treatises, chiefly dealing with the local history of Ratisbon.

paragraph: In his writings Conrad shows himself to be a strong adherent of the pope, an opponent of the philosophy of Occam, and a stern critic of the moral failings of his age and of the clergy.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das buch der natur" Digital version at the University of Heidelberg

description: 14th-century German scholar and  writer

wikidata_label: Konrad of Megenberg

wikipedia_title: Conrad of Megenberg


href: castellan Balazuc troubadour Montpellier Vida%20%28Occitan%20literary%20form%29 razo Jaujac Peire%20de%20Barjac Bernard%20VII%20of%20Anduze

text:
castellan
Balazuc
troubadour
Montpellier
vida
razo
Jaujac
Peire de Barjac
Bernard VII of Anduze

paragraph: Guillem de Balaun

paragraph: Guillem (or Guilhem) de Balaun (fl. bef. 1223) was the castellan of Balazuc and a troubadour from the region around Montpellier. In his "vida", which has the characteristics of a "razo" because it sets the background for the song "Lo vers mou mercejan vas vos", he is described as "learned" ("adretz").

paragraph: Section::::"Vida".

paragraph: His "vida" is long and detailed, narrating the Guillem's love story. Guillem fell in love with Guilhelma, wife of Peire, lord of Jaujac (Javiac). He sang and talked for her and she said and did all that would please him. Guillem's friend, the troubadour Peire de Barjac, also loved a lady of Jaujac, Vierneta (or Uiernetta), probably the historical Vierna d'Anduza, wife of Raimon I of Gauges. He served her as a knight and she gave him all the love he wanted. Eventually Vierneta dismissed him on bad terms. He wandered about in a doleful with Guillem consoling him and promising to reconcile him to Vierneta when he next returned to see Guilhelma. After a long time he returned, did reconcile Peire and Vierneta, and gave Peire more joy than he had felt even when he first won his lady.

paragraph: In order to test whether or not the joy of recovering a lady was greater than that of winning her, Guillem acted as though he were very angry with her. He ceased to discuss her or hear her discussed, to send her messages, or to visit her region. She sent him pleading messengers and letters of love, but he refused to receive them, "foolishly" in the eyes of his biographer. On hearing this, Guilhelma was saddened and sent messengers to determine in what way she could make amends. Guillem did not receive the messengers kindly and sent them back with word that her fault was unpardonable. At this she stopped sending him messages and fell into deep sadness; Guillem began to doubt the wisdom of his test. So he travelled to Jaujac by horse, on pretense of a pilgrimage, and stayed in a burgher's house. At night he was visited by Guilhelma and her lady-in-waiting, but when Guilhelma tried to kiss him he beat her until she fled the house. At this she resolved never to see him again.

paragraph: Guillem then repented of his stupidity and went to the castle asking for a pardon so that he could explain why he had been so foolish, but Guilhelma rather had him thrown out. For the next year she refused to see him or hear about him, and he composed her a song begging forgiveness. He had the poem brought to her by "Bernart d'Anduza" (Bernard VII of Anduze, died 1223), an honoured baron of the region and a mutual friend. Bernard begged her to pardon him and to take revenge on him and she relented. She agreed to pardon him if he would pull out the fingernail of his longest finger and bring it to her. Upon learning of this, he immediately had his finer bled and de-nailed. He and Bernard brought the fingernail to her and they were reconciled.

description: French troubadour

wikidata_label: Guillem de Balaun

wikipedia_title: Guillem de Balaun


text:
prelate
Kingdom of Scotland
Dean
Brechin Cathedral
Arbroath Abbey
John Dowden
National Library of Scotland
bishop of Brechin
provision
consecration
Second Council of Lyons

categories: 1274 deaths,Bishops of Brechin,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: William de Crachin

paragraph: William de Crachin (died c. 1274) was a prelate active in the Kingdom of Scotland in the 13th century. The earliest known Dean of Brechin Cathedral, his first appearance in a surviving source comes 22 September 1248, from a document of Arbroath Abbey.

paragraph: He appears again in a Brechin document dating either 1256x1261 or 1267. His surname "de Crachin", unknown to historians such as John Dowden, occurs in National Library of Scotland MS 34.6.24 fo. 377, the underlying text of which dates 1246 x 1266.

paragraph: Between 1269 and 1275 he was elected bishop of Brechin. He had died by 24 May 1275 (date of mandate for his successor's provision). The "Chronica Extracta" says that he died, still merely "elect" (i.e. not having received consecration) at the Second Council of Lyons, though there is uncertainty among modern writers about the reliability of this extract.

paragraph: The "Chronica" described him as "a man in all things praiseworthy, but of harsh voice".

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: William de Crachin

wikipedia_title: William de Crachin


text: Chinese

text: pinyin

text: Traditional Chinese

text: Simplified Chinese

text: pinyin

text: Northern Qi

text: Gao Huan

text: Gao Cheng

text: Book of Northern Qi

text: Gao Cheng

text: Northern Qi

text: Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi

text: Turkic Khaganate

text: Taiyuan

text: Luoyang

text: Northern Zhou

text: Tang dynasty

text: Tang Dynasty

text: Gao Wei

text: Northern Zhou

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI

text: Koei

text: Prince of Lan Ling

text: Princess of Lanling King

text: Fate/Grand Order

text: Mori Nanako

categories: 573 deaths,Executed Northern Qi people,Northern Qi generals,Northern and Southern dynasties imperial princes,6th-century births,People from North China,People executed by Northern Qi

paragraph: Gao Changgong

paragraph: Gao Changgong (541 – 573) (Chinese: 高长恭; pinyin: Gāo Chánggōng), formal name was Gao Su (Traditional Chinese: 高肅; Simplified Chinese: 高肃; pinyin: Gāo Sù) or Gao Xiaoguan (高孝瓘), was a high-ranking general of the Northern Qi dynasty given a fiefdom in Lanling County, so he was also known as the Prince of Lanling (蘭陵王). Gao Changgong was the grandson of Gao Huan and the fourth son of Gao Cheng. According to the "Book of Northern Qi and the Record of the Court Entertainment Bureau", Gao Changgong had a beautiful face and feminine physical appearance thus he always wore a terrible mask when he fought in battles.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gao Changgong was born the fourth son of Gao Cheng, elder brother of the first emperor of Northern Qi and therefore a prince of Northern Qi ,he was given the title of Prince of Lanling. Gao Changgong was also made a general by Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi (Gao Zhan), his uncle, and his distinction in battles as well as personal kindness and bravery led him becoming widely loved and admired. Legend has it that he looked beautiful like a woman so he wore a mask in battles to appear more fearsome to the enemy.

paragraph: Gao Changgong repelled the Turkic Khaganate when they attacked Jinyang (晋阳, now the city of Taiyuan). His most famous battle however was the rescue of the siege of Jinyong (金墉, near modern Luoyang) in 564 A.D. Gao Changgong led only 500 cavalrymen and fought through an army of Northern Zhou, which was attacking the city with 100,000 soldiers. He fought his way to the gates the city, surprising the defenders. The soldiers of Jinyong didn't recognize him, so he took off his helmet and mask. The soldiers in the city rejoiced at his arrival and were refilled with courage. They opened the gates and joined the battle outside the city. Soon the army of Northern Zhou was defeated.

paragraph: In order to celebrate the victory, the soldiers composed the famous song and dance "Prince Lanling in Battle” (蘭陵王入陣曲，also known as 大面，"The great mask"). According to the Record of the Court Entertainment Bureau(教坊記) of Tang dynasty, the dance "Great mask" was one of the court musics to be performed with the emperor's audience.

paragraph: The song and the dance are long lost in China, however, it was introduced into Japan during the Tang Dynasty and is still being performed in some ceremonies today.

paragraph: After the death of Gao Zhan, Gao Changgong's cousin Gao Wei ascended the throne. Gao Changong's reputation, competence and influence over the army upset the young emperor. Gao Wei asked Gao Changgong about the battle at Jinyong: "You penetrated too deeply into the formation; if you had suffered a military reverse, it would be too late to regret such an action." Gao Changgong replied: "I am responsible for our family affairs, I did it without considering the consequences." The emperor, hearing the reference to "family affairs" became suspicious. He was afraid that Gao Changgong might overthrow him. Many members of the Gao family had met their ends at the hands of brothers and cousins, and he became paranoid that he would have the same fate.

paragraph: To avoid the emperor's suspicion and jealousy, Gao Changgong often pretended to be sick, staying away from wars and politics. No matter how low a profile he kept, the emperor still sent him a cup of poisonous wine one day in 573 A.D. Gao Changgong drank the wine and ended his life, probably in his early 30’s.

paragraph: Four years after Gao Changgong's death, having lost one of its greatest generals, Northern Qi was destroyed by Northern Zhou. All the members of the Gao royal family were slaughtered.

paragraph: In 1999, within the cave of Longmen, a message was found carved into a statue, indicates that the Prince of Lan Ling had living descendants.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: Gao Changgong is one of the 32 historical figures who appear as special characters in the video game "Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI" by Koei. His story is also dramatized in the 2013 television series "Prince of Lan Ling" and 2016 television series "Princess of Lanling King".

paragraph: Gao Changgong (known as Lan Ling Wang in the game) is also a Saber-class Servant in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order voiced by Mori Nanako.

alias:
Gao Su
Prince of Lan Ling
Prince of Lanling
Lanling Wang

description: Chinese general of the Northern Qi dynasty

wikidata_label: Gao Changgong

wikipedia_title: Gao Changgong


text:
Salonist
playwright
letter
Denmark
Germany
Christian Ditlev Reventlow
Christian Frederik von Gram
Christian Stolberg
Tremsbüttel
Goethe
Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow
Johan Ludvig Reventlow
Charlotte Schimmelman
Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon

categories: 1746 births,Planetary scientists,19th-century Danish writers,18th-century Danish writers,19th-century women writers,1824 deaths,Danish nobility,Danish women writers,Danish salon-holders,Women planetary scientists

paragraph: Louise Stolberg

paragraph: Frederikke Louise Stolberg (1746–1824), was a Danish Salonist, playwright and letter writer. She is contributed with a certain degree of political influence upon various power holders in the policy of Denmark and Germany; she participated in the 1784 coup in Denmark.

paragraph: Daughter of count Christian Ditlev Reventlow (1710–75) and Johanne Frederikke von Bothmer (1718–54); in 1761 married to courtier Christian Frederik von Gram (1737–1768) and in 1777 to count Christian Stolberg (1748–1821). Her second marriage was a love match; the couple married for mutual love and became very happy, though poor and childless. Until 1797, they lived in Tremsbüttel i Holsten, where her spouse was a local administrator and where she hosted a salon described as a centre for the German-Danish cultural world. She corresponded with many of the leading figures within the literal and political world in Denmark and Germany, among them Goethe. She also wrote a play, "Emil" (1782).

paragraph: She was an advisor to her brothers, the politicians Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow and Johan Ludvig Reventlow, and contributed in the preparations of the coup of 1784, which deposed the Danish regency and brought the Bernstorff-Reventlow-Schimmelmann party to power.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlotte Schimmelman

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon(Danish)

description: Danish noble

wikidata_label: Louise Stolberg

wikipedia_title: Louise Stolberg


href: Swedes Lieutenant%20Colonel Minerva Amazons chemistry theology natural%20science hunting fencing Knight duel

text:
Swedish
Lieutenant Colonel
Minerva
Amazon
chemistry
theology
natural science
hunting
fencing
Knight
duel

categories: Female duellists,Duellists,17th-century Swedish people,1646 births,Swedish nobility,1708 deaths

paragraph: Görwel Gyllenstierna

paragraph: Görwel Christina Carlsdotter Gyllenstierna (1646-1708) was a Swedish noblewoman.

paragraph: Görwel was the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Carl Nilsson Gyllenstierna of Fågelvik and Hässelby (1621-1650) and Sidonia Mannersköld (1620-1656). She was famous among her contemporaries for her great learning as well as for her interest and skill in sports normally reserved for males: she was referred to as "A Minerva and an Amazon in one" and was a student of not only chemistry, theology, natural science and other subjects but also active within hunting, fencing and other "Knightly practises" rather than "feminine tasks", something which attracted a lot of attention. She made herself widely known when in 1661 she challenged Lieutenant Colonel David Kohl to a duel for marrying her cousin Görwel Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna against the consent of her family.

paragraph: Görwel Christina married Lieutenant Colonel Leonard Schulman (1644-1677) in 1670. After his death, she managed his estate Leonardsbergs gård during the minority of her son, when it was taken over by her son.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelmina Stålberg: "Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor" (Notes on Swedish women)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.gyllenstierna.org/pdf/attatavla.pdf

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nordisk tidskrift för bok- och biblioteksväsen / Årgång VIII. 1921 /

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://norrkopingprojekt.wordpress.com/historia/fran-forntid-och-medeltid-till-1900-tal-under-bearbetning/leonardsberg-hallristningar/

description: Swedish noble

wikidata_label: Görwel Gyllenstierna

wikipedia_title: Görwel Gyllenstierna


text: Synth Remix

text: Sound and Music

text: Planningtorock

text: Brighton Dome

text: Phew (singer)

text: Recoil

text: Klaus Michael Grüber

text: Michel Piccoli

text: Michael J.Sheehy

text: Louise Brooks

text: Optical Sound Records and Fine Arts

text: Bashō

text: Simon Fisher Turner

text: Antye Greie

text: Incels

text: The Digital Intervention

text: Paul Kendall

text: Mute Records

text: Electronic Beats

text: Antye Greie

text: The Digital Intervention

text: Claudia Molitor

text: Gráinne Mulvey

text: Paul Kendall

text: Fiona Brice

text: Bella Union

text: Qwartz Electronic Music Awards

text: Prix Ars Electronica

text: Olivia Louvel's website

text: Olivia Louvel artist profile on iTunes

categories: British people of French descent,British electronic musicians,French electronic musicians,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Olivia Louvel

paragraph: Olivia Louvel is a French-born British composer and artist whose work draws on voice, computer music and digital narrative. Her practice is built upon a long-standing exploration of the voice, sung or spoken, and its manipulation through digital technology, as a compositional method. She operates at the intersection of creation and documentation, often taking for a point of departure, historical texts, poetry and existing autobiographical documents.

paragraph: br

paragraph: Her largest project to date "Data Regina" is a multimedia suite in which she explores the reigns of Mary Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I, delivering her own singular transposition through an interactive digital platform and a cd publication. November 2018, she toured throughout the UK presenting a headline audio-visual set of "Data Regina" for ‘Synth Remix’, an event curated by Benjamin Tassie under Sound and Music's Composer-Curator scheme, also featuring Jo Thomas.

paragraph: Louvel has opened for artists such as Planningtorock at the Earsthetic Festival Brighton Dome, Japanese avant-garde artist Phew (singer) and Recoil for various concerts on the European 'Selected' tour.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Initially trained in classical singing, she began to work as a singer for the renowned flying trapeze circus 'Les Arts Sauts' performing at 12 metres in the air a Meredith Monk composition 'Madwoman’s vision'. She toured with them for 3 years. She attended the National Superior Conservatory of Dramatic Arts of Paris and had the opportunity to work with Klaus Michael Grüber and Michel Piccoli in a reworking of a Luigi Pirandello play.

paragraph: Section::::Solo works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luna Parc Hotel (2006) composition

paragraph: In 2003, with her first computer, she began to produce her debut album 'Luna Parc Hotel', released on Angelika Koehlermann in 2006. With guest appearances by Michael J.Sheehy and Sébastien Libolt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lulu In Suspension (2008) composition

paragraph: Inspired by silent-movie star Louise Brooks and her book 'Lulu in Hollywood'. Released as a digipak CD on Optical Sound Records and Fine Arts run by French artist Pierre BelouÏn.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doll Divider (2010 + 2011) composition, video, artwork

paragraph: Initially released as a digital version on Ototoi Music / Optical Sound. 'Doll Divider' was originally inspired by A4 paintings which she made using pages from fashion magazines and repainting on top of the photos of the models. Collectively these paintings are called "Processed Dolls". Following her Qwartz Album Award in 2011, she created her label Cat Werk Imprint. 'Doll Divider' was re-released as a limited edition vinyl, enhanced and remastered version, catalogue number CW01.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ō, music for haiku (2007-2012) composition, art-house films, artwork

paragraph: A minimal soundtrack based on haiku by poet Bashō released on Cat Werk Imprint. The limited Edition CD is adorned with a hand-drawn 'Magic Fish Dog', a character invented by Olivia Louvel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beauty Sleep (2014) composition, art-house films

paragraph: 11 songs complemented by a series of experimental short films shot in West Sussex, reinventing herself as a bird-woman. 'Bats' was remixed by Simon Fisher Turner.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Afraid of Women (2016) audiovisual

paragraph: for 'Music, Awareness & Solidarity w/ Rojava Revolution', a female:pressure campaign curated by Antye Greie-Ripatti that aims to show solidarity and raise awareness for a special de facto autonomous zone in northern Syria. Released and screened at CTM Festival, Berlin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Data Regina (2017) composition, 3D animations, online platform

paragraph: "A multimedia suite by composer Olivia Louvel digs deep into the psychic warfare between two 16th century British Queens" “For her latest record, Data Regina, Olivia Louvel packages experimental electronic music, new media art, and 16th century conflict into multimedia art "

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Whole Inside (2019) installation, sound art

paragraph: A generative sound mural of 9 speaker drivers and data projection, confronting the violent misogyny of the Incels community. Installed at DMSA, University of Brighton.

paragraph: Section::::Collaborative Practice.

paragraph: Under the moniker of The Digital Intervention, she worked with Paul Kendall (long term Mute Records collaborator) on the album 'Capture', which was released in 2003.

paragraph: December 2014, she produced an exclusive mix for Electronic Beats, "odd and fantastic", which features her remix of Antye Greie aka AGF ’s 'Poemproducer'.

paragraph: With Paul Kendall as The Digital Intervention, they produced the piece 'When the sea will rise II' for Acoustic Cameras, a project which invites sound artists to annex the real-time flow of webcams located in various places around the world.

paragraph: Along with Daria Baiocchi, Fiona Hallinan, La Cosa Preziosa, Vicky Langan, Úna Lee, Jenn Kirby, Claudia Molitor, Gráinne Mulvey and Rachel Ní Chuinn, Louvel contributed to the collaborative art project 'Mean Time' with her composition ' 25 minutes and 21 seconds'. The event was broadcast live on Nova, RTÉ Lyric FM from Richmond Barracks, Dublin, clawing back time lost in 1916.

paragraph: Louvel has been an active member of female:pressure, the international network of female, transgender and non-binary artists in the fields of electronic music and digital arts.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:LPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Data Regina", 02.2017, digipak CD (DVD size). Cat Werk Imprint.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beauty Sleep", 09.2014, digipak CD (DVD size). Cat Werk Imprint.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "ō , music for haiku", 12.2012, CD with hand drawn artwork & digital. Cat Werk Imprint.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doll Divider", 06.2011, 12" vinyl & digital (enhanced & remastered version). Cat Werk Imprint.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doll Divider", 02.2010, digital. Ototoi + Optical Sound.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lulu in Suspension", 01.2008, deluxe digipak CD & digital. Optical Sound.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Luna Parc Hotel", 03.2006, digipak CD with booklet. Angelika Koehlermann.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bats by Night", 02.2015, digital. Cat Werk Imprint.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capture" as The Digital Intervention (with Paul Kendall), 2003, CD. The Parallel Series + 0101 + Ici D'Ailleurs.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mind The Gap". Gonzo Circus. 2017. track featured 'Good Queen Bess'.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music, Awareness & Solidarity" w/ Rojava Revolution. female:pressure. 2016. track featured 'Afraid of Women'.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pussy Riot Freedom". female:pressure. 2013. track featured ' Doll Divider'.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Remix.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paris Multiplié " for Fiona Brice 'Postcards Reframed'. Bella Union.

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.:Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qwartz Album Award for 'Doll Divider'. Qwartz Electronic Music Awards/ Prix Internationaux des Musiques Nouvelles. 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- SACD Laureate / Prix de la SACD. Société des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques. 2011

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.:Nomination.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prix Ars Electronica Digital music & Sound Art category for 'ō, music for haiku'. 2013

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.:Grants.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grant for the Arts. Arts Council England for 'Data Regina'. 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grant for the Arts. Arts Council England for 'Beauty Sleep'. 2014

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olivia Louvel's website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olivia Louvel artist profile on iTunes

description: composer, artist, performer

wikidata_label: Olivia Louvel

wikipedia_title: Olivia Louvel


text:
York, Pennsylvania
Hollywood
heroine
B-movies
Westerns
cliffhanger
Zorro's Fighting Legion
Reed Hadley
Dragon Lady
Terry and the Pirates
Ray "Crash" Corrigan
Max Terhune
Jungle Man
bit part
Tomahawk
Preston Foster
Kearny Mesa, California
Illegal Traffic
The Man in the Iron Mask
Irish Luck
Zorro's Fighting Legion
Terry and the Pirates
Jungle Man
Tomahawk
Sheila Darcy

categories: 20th-century American actresses,People from York, Pennsylvania,American film actresses,Actresses from Pennsylvania,Disease-related deaths in California,1914 births

paragraph: Sheila Darcy

paragraph: Sheila Darcy (August 8, 1914 – February 24, 2004), also known as "Rebecca Wassem", was an American film actress of the 1930s and the 1940s.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born Rebecca Benedict Heffener in York, Pennsylvania, Darcy moved to Hollywood when she was 18 to pursue a career in acting. She began her career using the name Rebecca Wassem and received her first role, uncredited, in the 1932 film "Jewel Robbery". Two years later she received more roles, starring in two films that year. By 1935 her career had taken off, and from then until 1941 she had roles in 41 films. In most of her early films, she played the heroine in B-movies, often Westerns.

paragraph: Darcy's best known roles were as the female lead in cliffhangers, such as the 1939 film "Zorro's Fighting Legion", in which she performed opposite Reed Hadley. She also played the Dragon Lady in the serial "Terry and the Pirates", released in 1940. In Westerns, she often played opposite popular cowboy actors Ray "Crash" Corrigan and Max Terhune. In 1941 she starred or co-starred in six films and had uncredited appearances in two others. Her Hollywood career effectively ended following the release of "Jungle Man" in 1941, although a decade later she did have a bit part in one other film, "Tomahawk".

paragraph: In 1946 Darcy married actor Preston Foster, and they remained together until his death in 1970. She died at age 89 on February 24, 2004, in Kearny Mesa, California.

paragraph: Section::::Partial filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Illegal Traffic" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man in the Iron Mask" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irish Luck" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zorro's Fighting Legion" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Terry and the Pirates" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jungle Man" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tomahawk" (1951)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sheila Darcy at b-westerns.com

description: actress

wikidata_label: Sheila Darcy

wikipedia_title: Sheila Darcy


text:
Chancellor of Scotland
Bishop of Glasgow
Bishop of St. Andrews
Count of Brittany
Seine
Samson de Malveisin
Archbishop of Rheims
Lyon
Reginald de Forez
Archbishop of Lyon
Innocent III
Papal legate
John of Salerno
Perth
Melrose
Walter Bower
King William
Wedale
Peebleshire
Gaelic
excommunication
Church of St Mary on the Rock
Arthurian romance
Roman de Fergus
David de Bernham

categories: French male novelists,13th-century Scottish people,Bishops of Glasgow,Medieval Scottish writers,12th-century births,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops,French novelists,Bishops of St Andrews,Lord Chancellors of Scotland,1238 deaths

paragraph: William de Malveisin

paragraph: Guillaume or William de Malveisin (also, modern forms "Malvoisin" or "Mauvoisin") was Chancellor of Scotland, Bishop of Glasgow (1199/1200–1202) and then Bishop of St. Andrews (1202–1238).

paragraph: William Malveisin was probably born in France. It is possible that he was the son of the nephew of the Count of Brittany, however it is much more likely that he came from a family of the name based on the lower Seine valley. William was likely the nephew of Samson de Malveisin, Archbishop of Rheims from 1140 to 1161. In this context, William's career can come as no surprise.

paragraph: William appears in Scottish records for the first time in the 1180s, appearing as a royal clerk. In 1193, the royal patronage he had earned brought him his first known ecclesiastical post, as Archdeacon of Lothian. He was made the king's Chancellor probably on 8 September 1199, and was elected to the Bishopric of Glasgow in October the same year. He was consecrated at Lyon by Reginald de Forez, Archbishop of Lyon, in September 1200. However, two years later in the same month, he was translated to the higher ranking Bishopric of St. Andrews. William got into a little trouble for exercising his episcopal powers before his episcopate had been confirmed by the Pope, then Innocent III; a charge was brought against him by one of his canons, a man named Eustace. The charge was heard by the Papal legate, John of Salerno, who held a council at Perth in December 1201, before leaving for business in Ireland. Legate John once again visited Scotland on his way back from Ireland, staying for more than fifty days at Melrose. However, nothing came of the charge.

paragraph: Walter Bower relates that William received the permission of King William to visit his relatives in France. This was perhaps between May 1212 and Spring 1213, when Bishop William disappears from the records. When not visiting home, Bishop William, like most other Bishops of St. Andrews, was keen to expand the power of the bishopric. In one instance, when Gille Ísu, the hereditary priest of Wedale (Peebleshire) died, he took the opportunity to absorb the church into his diocese. Bishop William enjoyed good relations with the native Scottish clerical order of his diocese, the people "qui Keledei vulgariter appellantur" (commonly called "Céli Dé", Gaelic for "Vassals of God"). At some point between 1206 and 1216, and again in 1220, he managed to obtain absolution from the sentence of excommunication bestowed on the Céli Dé by the Pope; it may be that Bishop William's patronage ensured the opening priesthoods of its church, the Church of St Mary on the Rock at St. Andrews, to non-native clergy, to men such as Henry de Weles, and encouraged the order to consolidate its position vis-à-vis the papacy.

paragraph: According to the arguments of D.D.R. Owen, William was not only a bishop, but an author of Arthurian romance. The author of the romance known to us as the "Roman de Fergus" identifies himself as "Guillaume le Clerc", or William the Clerk. In the words of Owen, "it is most reasonable to keep our eyes open for any French clerk by the name of William (Guillaume)" in the period concerned, and Owen uses textual and contextual evidence to show that William de Malveisin is one of the most likely known candidates.

paragraph: Bishop William died at a place called "Inchemordauch" ("Inis Muiredaich"), one of the Bishopric's manors, in 1238, probably on 9 July. The next consecrated Bishop of St. Andrews was David de Bernham.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barrow, G.W.S., "The Anglo-Scottish Border", in Barrow (ed.) "The Kingdom of the Scots", (Edinburgh, 1973), 2nd Ed. (Edinburgh, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barrow, G.W.S., "The Clergy at St Andrews", in Barrow (ed.) "The Kingdom of the Scots", (Edinburgh, 1973), 2nd Ed. (Edinburgh, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corner, David J., Scott, A.B., Scott, William W. & Watt, D.E.R. (eds.), "Scotichronicon by Walter Bower in Latin and English", Vol. 4, (Aberdeen, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dowden, John, "The Bishops of Scotland", ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Owen, D.D.R. (tr.), "Fergus of Galloway", (London, 1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Owen, D.D.R., "The Reign of William the Lion: Kingship and Culture, 1143-1214", (East Linton, 1997)

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: William de Malveisin

wikipedia_title: William de Malveisin