text:
ancient Near East
Larsa
short chronology
Amorite
Akusum
Kazallu
Uruk
Kish
Umma
Chronology of the ancient Near East
Sumuel Year Names at CDLI

categories: 19th-century BC rulers,Sumerian rulers,Amorite kings

paragraph: Sumuel

paragraph: Sumuel or Sumu-El ruled the ancient Near East city-state

paragraph: of Larsa from c. 1894 BC to 1866 BC (short chronology). He was an Amorite.

paragraph: Annals for his complete 29-year reign have survived; thus it is known that he campaigned against Akusum and Kazallu in his year 4, Uruk in year 5, Pinaratim in year 8, Sabum in year 10, Kish in year 11, Kazallu in year 15, Nanna-Isha in 16, and Umma at the end of his reign. Most of these seem to be names of small villages along the Euphrates.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronology of the ancient Near East

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sumuel Year Names at CDLI

description: Amorite king

wikidata_label: Sumuel

wikipedia_title: Sumuel


text: Tuscan

text: painter of the early renaissance

text: Province of Arezzo

text: Spinello Aretino

text: Lorenzo Ghiberti

text: The Burlington Magazine

categories: Italian male painters,15th-century Italian painters,1387 births,Tuscan painters,1453 deaths

paragraph: Parri Spinelli

paragraph: Parri Spinelli ( – 1453) was an Italian (Tuscan) painter of the early renaissance who was born in the Province of Arezzo. His father and teacher was Spinello Aretino (1350–1410), who was active throughout Tuscany. Parri Spinelli lived in Florence from 1411 or 1412 to 1419, and was a member of the workshop of Lorenzo Ghiberti. He became the most important painter in Arezzo upon his return. Spinelli died in 1453 in Arezzo Province. His paintings are notable for their bold colors and figures that are more elongated than those of his predecessors.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encyclopedia of World Art", New York, McGraw-Hill, 1959–1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Siren, Osvald, 'Pictures by Parri Spinelli', "The Burlington Magazine", vol. 49, No. 282 (Sep., 1926), pp. 117–25.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vasari, Giorgio, "Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori", many editions and translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zucker, Mark J., "Parri Spinelli's Lost Annunciation to the Virgin and Other Aretine Annunciations of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries", "The Art Bulletin", vol. 57, No. 2 (Jun., 1975), pp. 186–95.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by Parri Spinelli on Artcyclopedia

alias:
Parri di Spinello
Gasparri Spinelli

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Parri Spinelli

wikipedia_title: Parri Spinelli


text: American

text: electrical engineer

text: Miller effect

text: quartz

text: crystal oscillator

text: Miller oscillator

text: Hanover, Pennsylvania

text: Yale University

text: Physics

text: National Bureau of Standards

text: United States Navy

text: Naval Research Laboratory

text: Atwater Kent

text: Distinguished Civilian Service Award

text: IRE Medal of Honor

text: IEEE History Center biography

text: Proc. IRE

categories: Radio pioneers,IEEE Medal of Honor recipients,Yale University alumni,1962 deaths,American electronics engineers,Engineers from Pennsylvania,1882 births,People from Hanover, Pennsylvania,American electrical engineers,United States Navy personnel

paragraph: John Milton Miller

paragraph: John Milton Miller (22 June 1882 – 17 May 1962) was a noted American electrical engineer, best known for discovering the Miller effect and inventing fundamental circuits for quartz crystal oscillators (Miller oscillators).

paragraph: Miller was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania. In 1904 he graduated from Yale University, in 1907 he received an M.A. from Yale, and in 1915 he received his Ph.D. in Physics from Yale. From 190719 he was a physicist with the National Bureau of Standards, then a radio engineer at the United States Navy's Radio Laboratory (191923) in Anacostia, District of Columbia, and subsequently at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). From 192536 he led radio receiver research at the Atwater Kent Manufacturing Company, Philadelphia, and from 193640 was assistant head of the research laboratory for the RCA Radiotron Company. In 1940 he returned to NRL where he became superintendent of Radio I Division (1945), associate director of research (1951), and scientific research administrator (1952). He married Frances Riley; the couple had seven children — two girls and five boys.

paragraph: Miller was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Award in 1945 for "initiation of the development of a new flexible radio-frequency cable urgently needed in radio and radar equipment which solved a desperate material shortage in the United States during World War II," and the IRE Medal of Honor in 1953 for "his pioneering contributions to our basic knowledge of electron tube theory, of radio instruments and measurements, and of crystal controlled oscillators."

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- IEEE History Center biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- John M. Miller, Dependence of the input impedance of a three-electrode vacuum tube upon the load in the plate circuit, Scientific Papers of the Bureau of Standards, 15(351):367-385, 1920.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John M. Miller, "Electrical oscillations in antennas and inductance coils", Proc. IRE, vol. 7, pp. 299–326, June 1919.

description: American electrical engineer

wikidata_label: John Milton Miller

wikipedia_title: John Milton Miller


text: Cardinal

text: Charles II of Albret

text: Count of Dreux

text: bishop of Aire

text: bishop of Cahors

text: Bishop of Tarbes

text: Santa Maria in Aracoeli

text: Andrea Bregno

text: Amanieu d'Albret

categories: Bishops of Aire,Bishops of Cahors,1422 births,1465 deaths,Bishops of Tarbes,House of Albret,Bishops of Mirepoix,French cardinals

paragraph: Louis d'Albret

paragraph: Louis d'Albret (1422–1465) was a French Cardinal. He was a son of Charles II of Albret, Count of Dreux.

paragraph: He was bishop of Aire in 1445, bishop of Cahors in 1460. He was created Cardinal in 1461. In 1465 he was Bishop of Tarbes and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

paragraph: When he died in 1461, Cardinal d'Albret was buried at Santa Maria in Aracoeli in Rome on a tomb by Andrea Bregno.

paragraph: He was the uncle of Cardinal Amanieu d'Albret.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coat of Arms, Santa Maria in Aracoeli, Rome

description: cardinal

wikidata_label: Louis d'Albret

wikipedia_title: Louis d'Albret


text:
Cardinal
Pope Leo X
Crown-cardinal
Kingdom of Scotland
Felice della Rovere
Pope Julius II
Bishop of Albano
Dean of the College of Cardinals

wikipedia_title: Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano

categories: Deans of the College of Cardinals,1493 births,Cardinal-bishops of Albano,Cardinal-bishops of Porto,Italian cardinals,1553 deaths,Cardinal-bishops of Ostia,Place of birth missing,Cardinal-bishops of Sabina

paragraph: Giovanni Domenico de Cupis

paragraph: Giovanni Domenico de Cupis (Cupi, Cuppi) (1493–1553) was an Italian Cardinal, created by Pope Leo X in the consistory of 1 July 1517.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was Crown-cardinal of the Kingdom of Scotland. He was a friend of Ignatius Loyola.

paragraph: His mother was Lucrezia Normanni, who had had a daughter Felice della Rovere by Pope Julius II before marrying Bernardino de Cupis, Giovanni Domenico's father. He owed early advancement as Bishop of Trani to Julius.

paragraph: He was Bishop of Albano in 1531, Bishop of Sabina in 1532, Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1535 and Bishop of Ostia in 1537. Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1541.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Giovanni Domenico de Cupis

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Domenico de Cupis


text: OBE

text: CD

text: Canadian Army

text: Royal Canadian Infantry Corps

text: St-Hyacinthe, Quebec

text: 4th Canadian Armoured Brigade

text: Nova Scotia

text: 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade

text: Canadian Army Command and Staff College

text: England

text: D-Day

text: 1st Canadian Infantry Division

text: NDHQ

text: Germany

text: NATO

text: SHAPE

text: Paris

text: Citadelle

text: UNTSO

text: United Nation

text: ONUC

text: adjutant general

text: colonel

text: Colonel

text: Trois-Rivières

text: Quebec

text: Colonel

text: Royal Canadian Legion

text: World War 2

text: CMR St-Jean

text: Colonel

text: Order of the British Empire

text: ONUC

text: Congo

text: Colonel

wikipedia_title: Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe

wikipedia_title: United Nations Truce Supervision Organization

categories: Canadian Expeditionary Force officers,1915 births,French Quebecers,2003 deaths,Canadian Army officers,United Nations military personnel,People from Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec,Knights of the Order of St John,Canadian Militia officers,Canadian Officers of the Order of the British Empire,Royal Military College Saint-Jean alumni

paragraph: Jean Berthiaume

paragraph: Joseph André Horace Jean Berthiaume, OBE, CD (November 27, 1915 – January 26, 2003) was a Canadian Army officer who served with the Régiment de St-Hyacinthe, the Royal Canadian Infantry Corps and the Royal 22 Régiment.

paragraph: Section::::Early education.

paragraph: Jean André Berthiaume was born on November 27, 1915, in St-Hyacinthe, Quebec. He studied at the Séminaire de St-Hyacinthe, where he earned a degree in letters and arts. He then pursued another degree at the Université de Montréal, where he got a degree in chemistry.

paragraph: Section::::Before the War.

paragraph: At the same time his father was serving at the Regiment, Jean Berthiaume enlisted with the 84th Régiment de St-Hyacinthe in 1936. There completed his basic training as a private and rose to the rank of sergeant. Later he received his officer commission and was promoted to lieutenant.

paragraph: He married Mme Denise Lapierre on April 14, 1940, at the St-Hyacinthe Cathedral.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: As the war broke out, then Lieutenant Berthiaume continued training his troops in St-Hyacinthe. He was transferred to the 4th Canadian Armoured Brigade at camp Debert in Nova Scotia for preparatory training as GSO with the 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade. He then went to the Canadian Army Command and Staff College in Kingston and after shipped to England. Most of the Canadians in reinforcement stayed in England for almost two years (1942–1944) until D-Day. When arriving in France, as GSO 3 Operations, then captain Berthiaume aided in the orientation of some operations towards the ultimate victory. By the end of the conflict, he was transferred to the 1st Canadian Infantry Division.

paragraph: Section::::After the war.

paragraph: On April 26, 1946, then captain Berthiaume was posted to NDHQ as GSO 2 and the next day was promoted to the rank of Temporary major (T/maj). On November 22, 1947, he was promoted to the rank of major.

paragraph: After three years in Ottawa, then major Berthiaume went to the Canadian Army Training School in St-Jean, Quebec, in 1949. He managed the Canadian Army Training School in St-Jean before it was transferred to Valcartier in 1952.

paragraph: He stayed and contributed to the building of the Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean as Director of Administration.

paragraph: An uncommon event occurred a few days after Christmas in 1952. A child of one of the CMR's staff fell into the icy waters of the Richelieu river. Upon hearing the child's cry for help, the CMR commandant, colonel Lahaie went onto the ice to rescue the boy, assisted by Captain Gosselin and Major Berthiaume. Others came along as the alarm was sounded. They were all pulled to safety; the child was saved.

paragraph: Major Berthiaume left St-Jean for Valcartier in 1953 and went to the 2nd Battalion Royal 22 Régiment as deputy commander. He packed the battalion and headed for Germany as Canada's NATO infantry contribution. After setting up over with the 4th Canadian Infantry Brigade, he still was very involved within the military community like in the celebrations of the 10th anniversary of Normandy where he commanded the Canadian group during the weekend long celebrations. In July 1954, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and was chosen as the Canadian representative at the SHAPE in Paris for a year.

paragraph: Back in Canada, Lcol Berthiaume in 1957, took command of the 1st battalion Royal 22 Régiment until 1960. He was a true gentleman in sharing the warm French-Canadian culture as host of many social functions at the Citadelle.

paragraph: Leaving Quebec in early summer of 1960, LCol Berthiaume was flown to work with the UNTSO in Palestine. Soon after, in July 1960, he headed to Congo as a United Nation chief of staff of the ONUC contingent.

paragraph: Back in Canada, he went to serve as adjutant general at the Quebec Command HQ. Promoted to the rank of colonel, he commanded the Quebec Western District until his retirement in 1969. During those years, he commanded the Royal Army Cadet Camp of Farnham that closed in 1967.

paragraph: Section::::Civilian life.

paragraph: Upon leaving the service in 1969, Colonel (Ret.) Berthiaume went to work for the Wabasso company in Trois-Rivières, Quebec as Director of Operations Services until his retirement in 1980. During those years, he became involved with the Canadian Manufacturers Association as president of the St. Maurice chapter.

paragraph: Colonel (Ret.) Berthiaume was a member of the Royal Canadian Legion, Branch #2 of St-Hyacinthe with which he was devoted in many aspects.

paragraph: Colonel Berthiaume continued his involvement and contribution to the Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean throughout the years. He always proved a good golf player at the annual benefit golf tournament and other activities.

paragraph: In St-Hyacinthe, he was a devoted contributor to the Honoré-Mercier hospital's foundation.

paragraph: Section::::Army cadets.

paragraph: During the final years of his active career, Colonel Berthiaume commanded the Royal Army Cadet Camp of Farnham that closed in 1967.

paragraph: He was particularly close to the Army Cadets Corps No.1 from his hometown. In the mid-1990s, he donated several musical instruments to found a band created for children to play in. Organizers agreed to call it "La musique J. A. Berthiaume."

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: After World War 2, Jean Berthiaume received the MID for his outstanding services.

paragraph: For his devotion in the creation of the CMR St-Jean, Colonel Berthiaume was given an honorary college number: H12878.

paragraph: Colonel J. A. Berthiaume was invested into the Order of the British Empire in 1962 for his impressive organizational skills, initiative, linguistic ability, unmatched negotiating skills and his bravery during the ONUC mission in Congo. He was the first Canadian officer to be given that recognition since the Korean War.

paragraph: In 1969 he was nominated in the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem as Officier. In 1977, he was promoted to Knight of the Order.

paragraph: The city of St-Hyacinthe consecrated one of its streets' name in his memory in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Last post.

paragraph: In 2003 after his last short battle with a secretly kept illness, Colonel (Ret.) Jean André Berthiaume was laid to rest in St-Hyacinthe, with full military honours. His wife Denise died in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: Books in which Colonel Berthiaume has either contributed to or is mentioned in include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Canada, the Congo Crisis, and UN Peacekeeping, 1960–64"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pearson's Peacekeepers: Canada and the United Nations Emergency Force, 1956-67

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Canada dans les guerres en Afrique centrale: génocides et pillages des ressources minières du Congo par le Rwanda interposé"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Le Collège militaire Royal de Saint-Jean, Une université à caractère différent

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian Defence Quarterly, Volume 22

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the eye of the storm: a history of Canadian peacekeeping

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographies canadiennes-françaises

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uncertain mandate; politics of the U.N. Congo operation

paragraph: BULLET::::- De Rivière-de-la-Paix au maintien de la paix: les batailles d'un Franco Albertain

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronique de politique étrangère, Volume 14

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evolution de la crise congolaise de septembre 1960 à avril 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- Revue générale pour l'humaniste des temps nouveaux

paragraph: BULLET::::- United Nations Peacekeeping, 1946-1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soldiering for Peace

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian House of Commons Debates, Official Report, Volume 7

description: Canadian Army officer

wikidata_label: Jean Berthiaume

wikipedia_title: Jean Berthiaume


text:
Canadian
tennis
Australian Open
Stanford University
2016 NCAA
2015 NCAA
Chongqing
China
Richmond Hill, Ontario
Montreal
Edmonton
Vancouver
Manitoba
Tulsa
Toronto
Tlalnepantla
San José
Ashleigh Barty
Kuching
French Open
US Open
Australian Open
Nonthaburi
Elizaveta Kulichkova
Sarawak
French Open
Eugenie Bouchard
Françoise Abanda
Wimbledon
Repentigny
US Open
Quebec City
Tulsa
Australian Open
Ana Konjuh
Oleksandra Korashvili
Barbora Krejčíková
Santa Margherita di Pula
Anna Floris
French Open
Wimbledon
Granby
Rogers Cup
Irina-Camelia Begu
Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova
Challenge Bell
Gatineau
Erin Routliffe
Granby
Bank of the West Classic
Yanina Wickmayer
Ana Ivanovic
Winnipeg
Sumter
Pan American Games
Gabriela Dabrowski
Gatineau
Jessica Moore
Bank of the West Classic
Mona Barthel
Rogers Cup
Madison Brengle
Sharon Fichman
Challenger Banque Nationale de Saguenay
Tevlin Women's Challenger
Daytona Beach
Sharon Fichman
Jessica Pegula
Rancho Santa Fe
Sumter
El Paso
Bank of the West Classic
Nicole Gibbs
Petit-Bourg
Mayo Hibi
Heraklion
Charlotte Robillard-Millette
Heraklion
Ellen Perez
Vancouver
Danka Kovinić
Tsukuba
Zhang Ling
Junri Namigata
Nanao
Saguenay
Bianca Andreescu
Liu Fangzhou
Shenzhen
Yanina Wickmayer
Irina-Camelia Begu
Kristýna Plíšková
Kateryna Kozlova
Verónica Cepede Royg
Ons Jabeur
Ana Ivanovic
Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova
Sorana Cîrstea
Mona Barthel
Christina McHale
Monica Niculescu
Madison Brengle
Alison Van Uytvanck
Tatjana Maria
Nicole Gibbs
Ekaterina Alexandrova

wikipedia_title: 2016 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships

wikipedia_title: 2015 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships

wikipedia_title: 2013 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby

wikipedia_title: 2014 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby

wikipedia_title: 2015 Challenger Banque Nationale de Saguenay

wikipedia_title: 2017 Challenger Banque Nationale de Saguenay

categories: Racket sportspeople from Ontario,Australian Open (tennis) junior champions,Sportspeople from Richmond Hill, Ontario,Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada,Canadian sportspeople of Chinese descent,Stanford Cardinal women's tennis players,1995 births,Sportspeople from Chongqing,Canadian female tennis players,Tennis players at the 2015 Pan American Games,Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' doubles,Living people

paragraph: Carol Zhao

paragraph: Carol Zhao (born June 20, 1995) is a Canadian professional tennis player. She was Canada's top singles player from June 11th, 2018 to July 23, 2018. She reached her highest WTA singles ranking of No. 131 on June 25, 2018 and her career-high junior rank of No. 9 on January 1, 2013. She won the Australian Open junior doubles title in 2013. Zhao was a member of the Stanford University tennis team, ending her college career with a 76–16 overall record and leading the team to win the 2016 NCAA championship. She also was the 2015 NCAA singles runner-up. Zhao turned professional in June 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Zhao was born in Chongqing, China to Ping and Lily Zhao and started playing tennis at the age of five, with the encouragement of her grade school teacher. At the age of seven, she and her family emigrated to Canada and settled in the city of Richmond Hill, Ontario. In September 2010, she relocated to Montreal to be part of the National Training Centre until August 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Tennis career.

paragraph: Section::::Tennis career.:2010–11.

paragraph: In July 2010, Zhao won three straight junior singles tournaments at the G5 in Edmonton, G4 in Vancouver and G5 in Manitoba respectively. She also won three junior doubles tournaments around that time. She reached the semifinals in doubles of the GB1 in Tulsa in October. In November, Zhao played her first professional quarterfinals at the ITF $50,000 in Toronto.

paragraph: In January 2011, Zhao reached the semifinals in doubles to back to back tournaments, the GA in Tlalnepantla and the G1 in San José. In March, she lost to Ashleigh Barty in the final of the G1 in Kuching. Zhao reached in June the second round of the French Open, her first junior Grand Slam. She lost in the first round of the junior US Open in September.

paragraph: Section::::Tennis career.:2012.

paragraph: In January 2012, Zhao lost in the second round in singles and the quarterfinals in doubles at the junior Australian Open. In March, she made the final in both singles and doubles of the G1 in Nonthaburi, but only won the doubles title. She lost a week later to Elizaveta Kulichkova in the final of the G1 in Sarawak. Zhao reached the second round for the second straight year at the junior French Open. In late June, Zhao reached her third G1 final of the year, but lost this time to fellow Canadian Eugenie Bouchard in three sets. Three of the four semifinalists were Canadian at this tournament (the third was Françoise Abanda). Despite this result, she lost in the first round of the junior Wimbledon.

paragraph: In September Zhao lost in an all-Canadian final at the G1 in Repentigny to Françoise Abanda. A week later, she made it to the third round in singles at the junior US Open. She also reached the quarterfinals in doubles. In mid-September, Zhao reached the quarterfinals in doubles of the WTA tournament in Quebec City. In October, she lost in the final of the GB1 in Tulsa, but won in doubles.

paragraph: Section::::Tennis career.:2013.

paragraph: Zhao lost in the second round of the junior Australian Open in singles, but won the doubles title with Ana Konjuh by defeating Oleksandra Korashvili and Barbora Krejčíková in the final. In May, she made it to her first professional doubles final at the 10K event in Santa Margherita di Pula, but lost to Italians Martina Caregaro and Anna Floris. She also reached her first singles final at the same tournament, but was defeated this time by Sofiya Kovalets. At the junior event of the French Open, Zhao reached the third round in singles and made it to the semifinals in doubles. She also reached the third round at the junior Wimbledon in singles and the quarterfinals in doubles.

paragraph: Zhao won in July the doubles title at the 25K event in Granby, her first pro title. At the beginning of August, she qualified for her first WTA main draw at the Premier 5 Rogers Cup in Toronto when she defeated her first top 100 player Irina-Camelia Begu in straight sets in last round of qualifying. She was eliminated by No. 31 Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the first round. She made it to the quarterfinals in doubles for the second straight year at the Challenge Bell in mid-September.

paragraph: Section::::Tennis career.:2014.

paragraph: In July at the ITF 25K in Gatineau, her first tournament in nine months, Zhao made it to the semifinals in doubles. She made it a week later, with Erin Routliffe, to her third professional doubles final and second consecutive at the ITF 25K in Granby but had to withdraw before the final because of an injury. At the Bank of the West Classic at the end of July, Zhao qualified for her second WTA main draw and scored her first win on the Tour when Yanina Wickmayer retired in the second set of the opening round. She was eliminated by No. 11 Ana Ivanovic in the second round. In late August, Zhao reached the quarterfinals in singles and the semifinals in doubles of the 25K in Winnipeg.

paragraph: Section::::Tennis career.:2015.

paragraph: In late June, Zhao made it to the semifinals in singles and in doubles of the 25K tournament in Sumter. The next week, she reached the quarterfinals at the 25K in Baton Rouge. At the Pan American Games in July, Zhao won a gold medal with Gabriela Dabrowski in the doubles event. In August, at the 25K in Gatineau, she reached the semifinals in singles and won the doubles title with Jessica Moore. A week later, she was awarded a wildcard for the main draw of the Bank of the West Classic but was defeated by No. 63 Mona Barthel in the opening round. At the Rogers Cup in August, Zhao earned a wild card for the singles main draw but was defeated by No. 43 Madison Brengle in the first round. She also reached the quarterfinals in doubles with fellow Canadian Sharon Fichman. In October, she reached the quarterfinals in singles at the Challenger Banque Nationale de Saguenay and the semifinals in both singles and doubles at the Tevlin Women's Challenger.

paragraph: Section::::Tennis career.:2016.

paragraph: In January, Zhao reached the final of the 25K event in Daytona Beach with compatriot Sharon Fichman. In February, she and partner Jessica Pegula were runners-up at the 25K in Rancho Santa Fe. At the 25K in Sumter in June, her first tournament as a professional, Zhao reached the final in doubles. She also reached the doubles final of the 25K in El Paso at the beginning of July. At the Bank of the West Classic, Zhao was awarded a wild card for the singles main draw for the second straight year, but was defeated by No. 71 Nicole Gibbs in three sets in the opening round. She also lost in the first round in doubles.

paragraph: Section::::Tennis career.:2017.

paragraph: In January at the 15K event in Petit-Bourg, Zhao won her third doubles title, this time with Mayo Hibi. She advanced to the doubles final of the 15K in Heraklion with compatriot Charlotte Robillard-Millette in March. Two weeks later, she won the third 15K in Heraklion, which was the fourth doubles title of her career title and her first with Robillard-Millette. In July, she won the doubles title with Ellen Perez at the 60K in Granby. In August at the 100K event in Vancouver, Zhao advanced to the semifinals where she was defeated by Danka Kovinić. The next week at the 25K in Tsukuba, she reached the second singles final of her career but lost to Zhang Ling. The week after, Zhao captured her first singles title with a win over Junri Namigata at the 25K in Nanao. In October at the 60K event in Saguenay, she reached the quarterfinals in singles and won the doubles title with fellow Canadian Bianca Andreescu. In November, she won her second singles title after defeating Liu Fangzhou at the 100K in Shenzhen.

paragraph: Section::::Record against top-100 players.

paragraph: Zhao's win-loss record (6–11, 35%) against players who were ranked world No. 100 or higher when played is as follows:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yanina Wickmayer 1–0

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irina-Camelia Begu 1–0

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kristýna Plíšková 1–0

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kateryna Kozlova 1–0

paragraph: BULLET::::- Verónica Cepede Royg 1–0

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ons Jabeur 1–0

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ana Ivanovic 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sorana Cîrstea 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mona Barthel 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christina McHale 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monica Niculescu 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madison Brengle 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alison Van Uytvanck 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tatjana Maria 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicole Gibbs 0–1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ekaterina Alexandrova 0–1

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanford Cardinal profile

description: Canadian tennis player

wikidata_label: Carol Zhao

wikipedia_title: Carol Zhao


text:
Châtenay
Sully Prudhomme
École des Beaux-Arts
La Vie Parisienne
Roscoff

categories: 19th-century French dramatists and playwrights,French poster artists,Alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts,19th-century French illustrators,People from Châtenay-Malabry,19th-century French painters,20th-century French illustrators,French erotic artists,French comics artists,1930 deaths,20th-century French painters,20th-century French dramatists and playwrights,French watercolourists,1863 births

paragraph: Henry Gerbault

paragraph: Henri Gerbault, Henry Gerbault, or Jean Louis Armand Henri Gerbault (24 June 1863 - 19 October 1930) was a French illustrator, water color painter, and poster artist.

paragraph: He was born in Châtenay, Paris, France and was the nephew of the poet Sully Prudhomme. Henri studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris to be a painter. Unsuccessful, he began submitting satirical cartoons to various newspaper and magazines. His work was published in magazines such as La Vie Parisienne, Fantasio, Le Rire, L'Art et la Mode and La Vie Moderne.

paragraph: During his later years his wife was diagnosed with a chronic illness and they relocated to Roscoff, Brittany in 1919.

paragraph: Henri Gerbault died on 19 October 1930, several years after his wife. They are both buried in the cemetery at Roscoff.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.lambiek.net/artists/g/gerbault_henri.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.roscoff-quotidien.eu/celebrite-gerbault-henry.htm

wikidata_label: Henry Gerbault

wikipedia_title: Henry Gerbault


text:
American football
Brooklyn Polytechnic School
Harvard College
college football
Harvard Crimson football
halfback
punter
All-American in 1901
pitcher
catcher
Columbia University
Quebec
Montreal

categories: American football halfbacks,American football punters,Harvard Crimson baseball players,Harvard Crimson men's track and field athletes,Baseball pitchers,1955 deaths,Players of American football from New York (state),Harvard Crimson football coaches,Baseball catchers,1881 births,Harvard Crimson football players,New York (state) lawyers,Columbia Law School alumni,Sportspeople from Brooklyn,All-American college football players

paragraph: Robert Kernan

paragraph: Robert Peebles "Bob" Kernan (July 18, 1881January 1, 1955) was an American football player and businessman.

paragraph: Kernan was born in Utica, New York in 1881 and raised in Brooklyn. He attended the Brooklyn Polytechnic School before enrolling at Harvard College. He played college football for the Harvard Crimson football team as a halfback and punter in 1901 and 1902. He was selected as a consensus All-American in 1901 and was the captain of Harvard's 1902 football team. A newspaper story in 1902 called Kernan "one of the most remarkable college athletes in the world," and added the following about his gridiron talent:

paragraph: He is of ideal build for a plunging half-back, and the force with which he plunges into and tears through the center of the line is only little less dangerous to an opposing team than the speed with which he goes around the end. . . . He is the kicker of the university and in a game can punt from fifty to seventy yards.

paragraph: Kernan also played four years for Harvard's baseball team, playing as both a pitcher and catcher. He was also a high jumper for the track team and, in 1903, won the intercollegiate championship with a high jump of six feet and one inch. Kernan received a total of seven varsity letters and was later inducted into Harvard's Varsity Club Hall of Fame as an all-around athlete.

paragraph: After graduating from Harvard in 1903, Kernan received a law degree from Columbia University and was admitted to the bar in 1906. He practiced law in New York for several years. In 1910, he became an assistant football coach at Harvard with responsibility for training the punters.

paragraph: In 1911, Kernan was involved in the formation of the Donnacona Paper Company in Quebec. He was the vice president and general manager of that company until 1932. He became the company's president in 1932 and later also served as the company's chairman.

paragraph: Kernan was married twice. In 1917, he married Louise Adams Beardsley; she died in 1920. In 1923, he married Alice Fitzpatrick. She died in 1954. Kernan died on January 1, 1955, in Montreal at age 73.

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Robert Kernan

wikipedia_title: Robert Kernan


text: South Korea

text: manhwa

text: Priest

categories: South Korean manhwa artists,Living people,Jinju Hyeong clan,1974 births

paragraph: Hyung Min-woo

paragraph: Hyung Min-woo (born 14 April 1974) is a South Korean manhwa artist best known for "Priest".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Getting to Know “Priest:” Manhwa Artist Min-Woo Hyung

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manhwa: A Boundless Treasure Trove of Cultural Content by Kim Se-joon (interviews Hyung and Ji Gang-min)

description: South Korean manhwa artist

wikidata_label: Hyung Min-woo

wikipedia_title: Hyung Min-woo


text:
Norwegian
film producer
director
documentaries
"The Prince of Chess"
chess prodigy
Magnus Carlsen
MAGNUS
London Film School
Main Island Production
NKI Forlaget.
Von Doren - Fine Timepieces.

categories: Norwegian book publishers (people),1963 births,Norwegian film directors,Watchmakers (people),Living people

paragraph: Øyvind Asbjørnsen

paragraph: Øyvind VonDoren Asbjørnsen (born 28 November 1963) is a Norwegian film producer, director entrepreneur and watch creator.

paragraph: He has made several documentaries, TV-series and short films. One of his most notable work was "The Prince of Chess", a 2005 full-length documentary about 13-year-old chess prodigy Magnus Carlsen. He is the Executive Producer and cinematographer of the feature documentary MAGNUS who world premiered at Tribecca Film Festival in April 2016. Øyvind Asbjørnsen has since the early 90s used the pseudonym Asa Von Doren in many of his films. in 2016 he also changed his name to include Von Doren as his middle name. He graduated from London Film School in 1987.

paragraph: He has also written a few screenplays, and books such as "George the green boy" and "Words of wisdom".

paragraph: Asbjørnsen founded and was publisher-in-chief of Fritt Forlag. He is also the head of the production company Main Island Production. From September 2013 to September 2016 Asbjørnsen worked as publisher-in-chief at NKI Forlaget.

paragraph: Von Doren Asbjornsen is the founder of the microbrand Von Doren - Fine Timepieces.

description: Norwegian filmmaker

wikidata_label: Øyvind Asbjørnsen

wikipedia_title: Øyvind Asbjørnsen


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Archbishop of Detroit

text: cardinal

text: Bishop of Pittsburgh

text: Valley Falls

text: Rhode Island

text: parochial school

text: Holy Trinity Church

text: Central Falls

text: Cleveland

text: Ohio

text: St. Philomena School

text: East Cleveland

text: Cathedral Latin High School

text: priesthood

text: St. Mary's Seminary

text: Rome

text: Pontifical North American College

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: ordained

text: Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani

text: doctorate in theology

text: curate

text: St. Mary's Church

text: Painesville

text: philosophy

text: rector

text: papal chamberlain

text: coadjutor bishop

text: Diocese of Pittsburgh

text: Pennsylvania

text: titular bishop

text: Sarepta

text: Pope Pius XII

text: episcopal

text: consecration

text: Amleto Giovanni Cicognani

text: Edward Francis Hoban

text: Floyd Lawrence Begin

text: co-consecrators

text: St. Agnes Church

text: Hugh Charles Boyle

text: Bishop of Pittsburgh

text: interfaith marriages

text: Assistant at the Pontifical Throne

text: Edward Mooney

text: Archbishop of Detroit

text: Michigan

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Lumen gentium

text: Gaudium et spes

text: progressive

text: laity

text: deacon

text: The Wanderer

text: heretic

text: John Paul II

text: John Cardinal Cody

text: ordination of women

text: Joseph Ritter

text: National Catholic Welfare Council

text: National Conference of Catholic Bishops

text: English

text: eucharistic prayer

text: extraordinary ministers of Communion

text: Masses

text: Francis Spellman

text: Archbishop of New York

text: John Krol

text: Pope Paul VI

text: Cardinal Priest

text: S. Pio X alla Balduina

text: consistory

text: Synod of Bishops

text: Vatican City

text: Watergate scandal

text: pastoral letter

text: heart attack

text: cardinal electors

text: conclaves

text: August

text: October 1978

text: Pope John Paul I

text: Pope John Paul II

text: pancreatic cancer

text: Southfield, Michigan

text: Holy Sepulchre Cemetery

text: Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

categories: Religious leaders from Pittsburgh,Burials in Michigan,Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland,Roman Catholic Archbishops of Detroit,1988 deaths,American cardinals,Roman Catholic bishops of Pittsburgh,Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,1907 births,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,Laetare Medal recipients

paragraph: John Dearden

paragraph: John Francis Dearden (October 15, 1907 – August 1, 1988) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Detroit from 1958 to 1980, and was created a cardinal in 1969. He previously served as Bishop of Pittsburgh from 1950 to 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: John Dearden was born in Valley Falls, Rhode Island, the eldest of five children of John Sidney and Agnes (née Gregory) Dearden. He received his early education at the parochial school of Holy Trinity Church in Central Falls. At age 11, Dearden and his family moved to Cleveland, Ohio. He continued his education at St. Philomena School in East Cleveland, and then attended Cathedral Latin High School from 1921 to 1925.

paragraph: In 1925, Dearden began his studies for the priesthood at St. Mary's Seminary in Cleveland. He graduated from St. Mary's in 1929, and was then sent to continue his studies in Rome at the Pontifical North American College and the Pontifical Gregorian University.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: On December 8, 1932, Dearden was ordained a priest by Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani in Rome. He earned a doctorate in theology from the Gregorian in 1934. Following his return to Ohio, he was assigned as a curate at St. Mary's Church in Painesville, where he remained for three years. He then served as professor of philosophy (1937–48) and rector (1944–48) at St. Mary's Seminary. He was raised to the rank of papal chamberlain on July 19, 1945.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Pittsburgh.

paragraph: On March 13, 1948, Dearden was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania and titular bishop of "Sarepta" by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following May 18 from Archbishop Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, with Bishops Edward Francis Hoban and Floyd Lawrence Begin serving as co-consecrators, at St. Agnes Church in Cleveland. Upon the death of Bishop Hugh Charles Boyle, Dearden succeeded him as the seventh Bishop of Pittsburgh on December 22, 1950.

paragraph: During his tenure in Pittsburgh, Dearden earned the nickname "Iron John" for his stern manner of administration. In 1952, he issued new regulations for interfaith marriages, allowing marriages between Catholics and non-Catholics to take place in a church, but insisted his actions "must not be understood as mitigating in any degree the general rule of the church that is opposed in principle to such unions." He was named an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne in 1957.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Detroit.

paragraph: Following the death of Cardinal Edward Mooney, Dearden was appointed the second Archbishop of Detroit, Michigan, on December 18, 1958. He was active in community causes such as supporting equal employment opportunities and encouraging his diocese to work for better racial relations in Detroit.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Detroit.:Vatican II.

paragraph: Dearden attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council between 1962 and 1965. He played an influential role at the Council, helping develop key documents like "Lumen gentium" and "Gaudium et spes". During the Council, he became more progressive in his views, becoming known as a "favorite of the liberals in the church." He dedicated himself to implementing the reforms of the Council, promoting the greater participation of the laity in diocesan affairs, encouraging the formation of a priests' senate, and ordaining married deacons. When Pope Paul VI agreed with the idea raised by participants in Vatican II and restored the lay deaconate in 1967, Dearden was the first in America to utilize the pronouncement and augmented the declining numbers of regular clergy in his diocese by ordaining thirteen married laymen as deacons in 1971.

paragraph: Dearden drew the attention of the national media for "his innovative approach to the new liturgy and teachings." He was characterized as a "progressive" and a "liberal" and was even condemned by "The Wanderer" as "a major heretic, one of the worst the Catholic Church has ever suffered from." The New York Times speculated that in 1979 when Pope John Paul II came to America, answering an invitation to speak at the United Nations, he "snubbed" Dearden by not scheduling a visit to Detroit "in favor of John Cardinal Cody of Chicago, whose conservatism the Pope found more to his liking." Despite his liberal outlook, Dearden had "too many theological objections" to support the ordination of women.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Detroit.:Project Equality.

paragraph: In 1965, Dearden partnered with Cardinal Joseph Ritter to inaugurate Project Equality, an interfaith program requiring businesses to pledge to a policy of non-discrimination in hiring and discharging employees. He also announced that the archdiocese would give preferential treatment to suppliers who gave equal opportunity to minority groups. As a member of the National Catholic Welfare Council, he served as its treasurer, a member of its administrative board, and chairman of its Committee on the Liturgical Apostolate.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Detroit.:School closings.

paragraph: When Michigan voters amended the state constitution to bar all tax-payer aid to private schools in 1970, Dearden ordered all parishes in his diocese to examine their finances and determine if their schools were a financial drain due to declining enrollment. Examining this data he ordered the closing of 56 of the 269 schools in 1971. This raised an outcry from affected parishioners who were especially vexed as he was head of the bishops' conference at the time.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Detroit.:NCCB/USCC President.

paragraph: From 1966 to 1971, Dearden served as the first president of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Dearden was instrumental in forming the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB) and its public-policy arm the United States Catholic Conference (USCC). Dearden worked with a group that had come to fame by redesigning the management of the auto industry – the Booz Allen Hamilton management-consultant firm. Together they worked to design NCCB's structures and procedures. The ethos that resulted gave the "bureaucracy significant power and influence in U.S. Catholic affairs. As the conference’s voice increased, that of individual bishops tended to decrease."

paragraph: As the head of the NCCB Dearden was known as "the unobtrusive liberal" for his emphasis on governing through consensus. During his tenure, the conference approved several liturgical reforms, including using English for the eucharistic prayer, authorizing extraordinary ministers of Communion, and holding Saturday evening Masses. Following the death of Cardinal Francis Spellman, Dearden was considered a likely candidate to become Archbishop of New York. In 1971, Dearden was succeeded as president of the NCCB/USCC by John Krol of Philadelphia, who was seen as a leading conservative.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Detroit.:Call to Action.

paragraph: After Vatican II, Dearden had been working for a National Pastoral Council to bring bishops, priests, religious, and lay people together to examine their "shared responsibility" on civic issues in the life of the Church. He had made several exploratory steps towards this as president of the NCCB/USCCB but this had all been frustrated by a 1973 letter to the bishops from the Vatican expressing concern over events in the Church within America and the Netherlands that ordered plans for national councils to be placed on hold.

paragraph: With the ban in place a similar smaller event began to be planned which is referred to as the "Call to Action" conference. Years before the anniversary of American Independence, Dearden had been made the head of a committee for the NCCB to prepare a Catholic response to the 1976 Bicentennial of the United States. The centerpiece of the response was the "Liberty and Justice for All" project to discuss peace and social justice issues.

paragraph: In an effort to gather input from the laity for this project, hearings across America where held designated "Call to Action". Dearden stated this was to find out "how the American Catholic community can contribute to the quest of all people for liberty and justice." Such hearings were held in Atlanta, Minneapolis, Newark, Sacramento, San Antonio, and Washington, D.C. These proceeded by having a select group of 500 persons address panels which included a number of bishops. Regional, diocesan, and parish groups were also given the option to have meetings on the subject and they produced 800,000 responses.

paragraph: The response from the hearings and the meetings were reviewed by eight preparatory committees which produced working papers and recommendations to be presented at the Call to Action conference held in the Detroit convention center with 1,340 delegates in attendance, 152 of which were appointed by bishops of the 167 American dioceses. Each of 92 national Catholic organizations were allowed to send a single delegate to represent them. Almost a third of all delegates were clergy (mostly priests with 110 bishops), another third were women. Half of all the delegates were church employees. The delegates broke into small groups using the working papers as a basis of discussion but free to make their own recommendations to the NCCB/USCC.

paragraph: In the end 29 recommendations were made and divided into 218 separate items. Many of the suggestions were viewed as radical, "Among them were recommendations for returning laicized priests to the ministry, the ordination of married men and of women, lay preachers, freedom to practice contraception, an open attitude toward homosexuality, and reception of communion by divorced and remarried Catholics. The recommendations of a social and political nature included ones supporting amnesty for Vietnam war resisters and for undocumented immigrants...[and] a recommendation backing the proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution". The NCCB/USCC received the recommendations with thanks but many bishops were unhappy with the results and they were relegated to a committee to oversee their implementation, which shelved them. The fruitless outcome of the conference ended any efforts of Dearden to work for a full National Pastoral Council.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Detroit.:Third Synod of Bishops.

paragraph: In 1971 he was the lead for the American delegation to the third Synod of Bishops (which had been established after Vatican II to give continuing counsel to the papacy). The topics of the synod were social justice and the problem of declining numbers of seminarians and priests.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Detroit.:Office of Cardinal.

paragraph: Pope Paul VI created him Cardinal Priest of "S. Pio X alla Balduina" in the consistory of April 28, 1969. During the 1971 Synod of Bishops in Vatican City, Dearden suggested that the sociological and psychological aspects of the priesthood be investigated. Following the outbreak of the Watergate scandal in 1973, Dearden issued a pastoral letter in which he remarked, "These are difficult days for the country we love," and asked Catholics to observe the first three Fridays in November as days of prayer, penance and fasting in light of the nation's political turmoil. He suffered a serious heart attack in April 1977.

paragraph: He was also one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Pope John Paul I and Pope John Paul II respectively.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.:Later life and death.

paragraph: Three years after suffering a heart attack he resigned as Detroit's archbishop on July 15, 1980, after twenty-one years of service. On August 1, 1988, Dearden died from pancreatic cancer in Southfield, Michigan, at age 80 (he was still a member of the Roman Curia's Congregation for the Sacraments at the time). He is buried in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in the same city.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh History of Bishops webpage

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: John Francis Dearden

wikipedia_title: John Dearden


text: footballer

text: Port Vale

text: record for Vale

text: substitute

text: the Football League

text: Harry Poole

text: Burslem

text: Stoke-on-Trent

text: featherweight

text: boxer

text: Trent Vale

text: Port Vale

text: Stoke City

text: Aston Villa

text: West Ham United

text: Bolton Wanderers

text: Bob McGrory

text: Gordon Hodgson

text: National service

text: Royal Air Force

text: Gillingham

text: Priestfield

text: Jimmy Todd

text: Bill McGarry

text: Ivor Powell

text: Torquay United

text: Freddie Steele

text: Stan Palk

text: Huddersfield Town

text: Oldham Athletic

text: Third Division North

text: Ray King

text: FA Cup

text: semi-final

text: defeat

text: West Bromwich Albion

text: the following season

text: Third Division South

text: Norman Low

text: Fourth Division

text: Terry Miles

text: Alan Martin

text: Roy Pritchard

text: Jackie Mudie

text: Stanley Matthews

text: Port Vale F.C. Player of the Year

text: Gordon Lee

text: Rotherham United

text: First Division

text: Gordon Lee

text: Blackburn Rovers

text: Norman Low

text: Terry Bailey

text: Frank Sharp

text: Garry Dulson

text: John Connaughton

text: Wales internationals

text: Mike England

text: Wyn Davies

text: Mick Cullerton

text: Stafford Rangers

text: Terry Lees

text: Stoke City

text: Geoff Morris

text: Bangor City

text: Sparta Rotterdam

text: Ian Osborne

text: Kevin Kennerley

text: Geoff Davies

text: Ken Beamish

text: Blackburn Rovers

text: Wigan Athletic

text: John Rogers

text: Jimmy McGuigan

text: Ray Williams

text: Colin Tartt

text: Chesterfield

text: Alan Lamb

text: Preston North End

text: Peter Sutcliffe

text: Stockport County

text: Brian Horton

text: Brighton

text: Sammy Morgan

text: David Harris

text: Jeff Hemmerman

text: Grahame McGifford

text: Bill Bentley

text: The Sentinel

text: Tony Waddington

text: Bobby Smith

text: England

text: Don Revie

text: Newsagent's shop

text: Phil

text: Cheshire County League

text: World War I

text: Vale Park

text: Gordon Banks

text: York City

text: Paine Proffitt

text: Football League Third Division North

text: Football League Fourth Division

text: Football League Fourth Division

text: Port Vale F.C. Player of the Year

text: Debenhams Cup

text: Sproson Fund

text: Images of the Roy Sproson statue

text: onevalefan.co.uk

categories: English football managers,Association football defenders,Stoke City F.C. players,English footballers,1930 births,Sportspeople from Stoke-on-Trent,Port Vale F.C. players,1997 deaths,Port Vale F.C. managers,People from Burslem,English Football League players,English Football League managers

paragraph: Roy Sproson

paragraph: Roy Sproson (23 September 1930 – 24 January 1997) was an English footballer and football manager for Port Vale. A one-club man, he holds the all-time appearance record for Vale, making 837 starts (and 5 substitute appearances) for Vale between 1950 and 1972. This includes a run of 128 consecutive appearances between April 1954 and March 1957. He is also fourteenth on the all time Football League appearance list.

paragraph: Sproson is a Port Vale legend, sticking with the club from its highest peaks in the early 1950s until the troughs of the last 1960s near the bottom of the Football League. He served under eight managers before taking the reins himself between 1974 and 1977. A relic of a bygone era when it was common for players to only play for a few clubs throughout their entire careers, his record for the club is unlikely ever to be equalled or bettered. He finished with around 350 more appearances for the club than his closest rival, and teammate of fifteen years, Harry Poole.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Roy Sproson was born above a greengrocer's shop at 3 Slater Street, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent on 23 September 1930. Legend has it he was named after the local featherweight boxer Roy Berrisford, after his father returned home from witnessing a Berrisford victory to find his wife had given birth in his absence. The family later moved to Trent Vale, where a young Sproson played football for the Trent Vale Lifeboys, winning the Sentinel Shield with a 5–0 win over Port Vale.

paragraph: Sproson played for Stoke City at an amateur level for twelve months in the late 1940s. He was courted by teams such as Aston Villa, West Ham United and Bolton Wanderers. His father wished him to follow in his footsteps and sign for Stoke City. The Stoke manager Bob McGrory promised him a contract after Sproson finished his National service, but after brother Jess introduced him to Port Vale manager Gordon Hodgson, he signed with the Vale for £3 a week while he served his National service. In July 1949 Sproson's time with the Royal Air Force had finished and he signed with Port Vale as a professional. However he had to wait until 11 November 1950 for his debut, in a 1–1 draw with Gillingham at Priestfield. He started the last five games of the season after sharing the No. 6 jersey with Jimmy Todd and Bill McGarry.

paragraph: Hodgson's death in June 1951 did not keep Sproson out of the first eleven and he played most games under new manager Ivor Powell. His first goal came on 22 September in a 2–2 draw at home with Torquay United. However following the appointement of Freddie Steele in December 1951, Sproson was dropped in favour of the experienced Stan Palk. Sproson won his place back in March 1952 and held on to his shirt for many years. Steele worked to develop the famous 'Iron Curtain' defence, as the Vale defence conceded just 35 times in 46 games in 1952–53. Only Second Division Huddersfield Town conceded fewer, though Vale still finished one point behind Oldham Athletic.

paragraph: The 1953–54 season would live on Vale folk-lore. Sproson was one of the men that made it happen, playing in 53 games. The club stormed to the Third Division North championship with just 21 goals conceded in 46 games (a Football League record). Sproson helped keeper Ray King keep thirty clean sheets in the league (again a record). He also played Vale's FA Cup semi-final defeat to West Bromwich Albion.

paragraph: He had little trouble adapting to life in the Second Division the following season. He made 45 appearances in 1954–55 and 44 appearances in 1955–56. However, in 1956–57 the club struggled and suffered relegation – the 'Iron Curtain' was a thing of the past as they leaked 101 goals in the league.

paragraph: In 1957–58 the club found themselves in the last ever season of the Third Division South. Norman Low couldn't bring his team to a top twelve finish, which meant the club spent 1958–59 in the new Fourth Division. Low adopted an attacking policy, but still relied on men like Sproson to hold the fort at the back. They took the Fourth Division title in 1958–59, though Sproson spent the first half of the season on the sidelines with an ankle injury. Terry Miles took his No. 6 jersey, though both Alan Martin and Roy Pritchard failed to hold on to the No. 3 jersey, which Sproson claimed in February 1959. It was the first time in six season he played less than forty games, for the next eleven seasons he would make at least thirty games a season.

paragraph: He played 49 games in 1959–60. Sproson was back. In 1960–61 he hit 51 games. In 1961–62, 1962–63 and 1963–64 he was a regular custodian in the back four, as the club tried and failed to win promotion. In 1964–65 the veteran couldn't prevent the club from slipping back into the fourth tier, as Freddie Steele's second time in charge proved much less successful than the first. Under Jackie Mudie and then Stanley Matthews the club struggled. Sproson was as much in demand as ever, in 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68 and again in 1968–69 the club frittered about at the foot of the league. He was made the inaugural winner of the Port Vale F.C. Player of the Year award in 1967.

paragraph: When new manager Gordon Lee finally pushed the team to promotion in 1969–70, forty-year-old Sproson was four years his manager's senior. Despite this he managed to post 52 appearances in the campaign. Lee had to regularly talk him out of retirement. With promotion secured, Sproson was allowed to drift out of the first team picture. Named Gillette Sportsman of the Year in April 1970, he made seven appearances in 1970–71. His final appearance came on 8 May 1972 in a 2–1 defeat to Rotherham United at Vale Park. It was his only League match of the season, and he continued at the club in a coaching capacity.

paragraph: Sproson finished with a grand total 837 starts and five substitute appearances, being yellow carded just twice in his professional career. Many supporters believed if he had not remained so intensely loyal to Vale then he would certainly have played in the First Division, and possibly even received international honours.

paragraph: Section::::Management career.

paragraph: After manager Gordon Lee left to join Blackburn Rovers in January 1974 he advised Vale's chairman Mark Singer to appoint Sproson as his successor. Singer took this advice and appointed him caretaker-manager, before handing him the job on a permanent basis in April of the same year. At the end of 1973–74 Vale finished twentieth, one place but seven points above the drop. His insisted that the players not call him 'boss' and in the spirit of Norman Low his footballing philosophy was to go out and 'entertain the public'.

paragraph: For the 1974–75 season he signed midfielders Terry Bailey and Frank Sharp, defender Garry Dulson, and goalkeeper John Connaughton. The club finished in sixth place, just four points short of promotion. However, due to the club's precarious financial situation a total of thirteen players were released. He made ambition plans for the 1975–76 season, though he failed to land Wales internationals Mike England and Wyn Davies. Instead he signed striker Mick Cullerton from Stafford Rangers for £4,000, and midfielders Terry Lees (a £3,000 signing from Stoke City) and Geoff Morris (a £200 signing from Bangor City). Cullerton hit 21 goals, but Vale could not repeat their efforts of the previous season and had to make do with a twelfth-place finish.

paragraph: For the 1976–77 season he was forced to sell Terry Lees to Sparta Rotterdam for £25,000 (representing a £22,000 profit in the space of twelve months). He added to his squad with youngsters Ian Osborne and Kevin Kennerley, and experienced midfielder Geoff Davies. After Cullerton suffered a cartilage injury he signed Ken Beamish for a £12,000 fee from Blackburn Rovers, as well as former Wigan Athletic forward John Rogers for 'a small fee'. His team struggled with poor discipline – Rotherham manager Jimmy McGuigan claimed Vale were 'the worst exhibition of football thuggery I have ever seen'. Midway through the season Sproson sold two more key players: striker Ray Williams went into non-league football for 'a small fee' and midfielder Colin Tartt joined Chesterfield for £15,000. Sproson brought in Alan Lamb from Preston North End and Peter Sutcliffe from Stockport County for a combined outlay of £8,000. Ultimately though, the loss of star midfielder Brian Horton to Brighton for £30,000 in March 1976 was something Sproson proved unable to remedy. Nevertheless, relegation was narrowly avoided at the end of 1976–77, as his side finished nineteenth, three points above the drop.

paragraph: There was unrest at Port Vale at the start of 1977–78, as Sammy Morgan and David Harris were so upset by the low wages they were offered that they refused to play for the club. Sproson brought in three players on free transfers: Jeff Hemmerman, Grahame McGifford, and Bill Bentley. However at a meeting on 28 June, Sproson was severely criticized for his supposed poor judgement of players and for seeming to place greater priority on his newsagent business than the club. "The Sentinel" reported that "there is disenchantment in the air", and there were rumours that former Stoke manager Tony Waddington would be brought in to replace Sproson. Sproson was sacked in October 1977 after a poor run of results. His replacement Bobby Smith failed to rescue Vale from relegation despite making numerous signings. England manager Don Revie had predicted such a fate when he said at a dinner that "English football suffers from the same complaint all the time. You've got two local lads here as your management team [referring to Sproson and his assistant Reg Berks]. I'll tell you now, you won't give them enough money to get out of this division, but eventually you'll give them both the sack and then you'll give the next manager the lot."

paragraph: Sproson refused the club's offer of "an executive position dealing with the club's youth policy". Taking his name plate off his office door "to spare anyone else the bother", it was clear his sacking had upset him greatly. Leaving under a cloud, he refused to return to the club whilst those that had sacked him remained in the boardroom. The next month he promised to help the club "in any capacity", though never returned to Vale Park again.

paragraph: Section::::Post-retirement.

paragraph: Sproson ran a Newsagent's shop until he died on 24 January 1997, aged 66.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Sproson name figures prominently in Port Vale's history. Roy's older brother, Jess, played as a forward for Vale between 1940 and 1947, and his nephew, Phil (Jess's son), was a central defender between 1978 and 1989. Another brother, Clifford, had played at amateur level for Vale in the Cheshire County League. His father played professionally for Stoke during World War I.

paragraph: Port Vale's away kit for the 2005–06 season (in the club's old amber and black colours) bore the motto '837 – One Man One Team', embroidered on the left sleeve to honour his memory. A street by Vale Park has been renamed 'Roy Sproson Way' in his memory. In March 2011, he was inducted into the City of Stoke-on-Trent Hall of Fame, along with Gordon Banks. After ten years of planning, a £96,000 statue of Sproson was unveiled on 17 November 2012, before a home game with York City.

paragraph: The cover of the programme that day featured a painting of Sproson by award-winning sports artist and Port Vale fan Paine Proffitt.

paragraph: Section::::Statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Statistics.:Playing statistics.

paragraph: Source:

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:as a Player.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Port Vale

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coronation Cup runner-up: 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Third Division North winner: 1953–54

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Fourth Division winner: 1958–59

paragraph: BULLET::::- Supporters' Clubs' Trophy runner-up: 1958

paragraph: BULLET::::- Supporters' Clubs' Trophy winner: 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion winner: 1969–70

paragraph: BULLET::::- Individual

paragraph: BULLET::::- Port Vale F.C. Player of the Year: 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gillette Sportsman of the Year: 1970

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:as a Manager.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Port Vale

paragraph: BULLET::::- Debenhams Cup runner-up: 1976–77

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Specific

paragraph: BULLET::::- General

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sproson Fund

paragraph: BULLET::::- Images of the Roy Sproson statue at onevalefan.co.uk

description: Footballer, football manager

wikidata_label: Roy Sproson

wikipedia_title: Roy Sproson


text:
Richard of Hauteville
First Crusade
County of Edessa
William of the Principate
Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento
Robert Guiscard
Roger I of Sicily
Bohemund of Taranto
Tancred
their army
First Crusade
Arabic
Anna Komnene
Adriatic Sea
Byzantine fleet
Bulgaria
Hungary
Alexius I Comnenus
Battle of Dorylaeum
siege of Antioch
Danishmends
Battle of Melitene
Constantinople
Edessa
Constance of France
Treaty of Devol
Marash
Emma of Hauteville
Odo the Good Marquis
Roger of Salerno
Principality of Antioch
Joscelin I, Count of Edessa

categories: Norman warriors,1114 deaths,1040s births,Christians of the First Crusade

paragraph: Richard of Salerno

paragraph: Richard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two famous uncles to the conquest of Sicily.

paragraph: In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the main Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret.

paragraph: Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople before he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius, but may have been secretly plotting with Alexius against Bohemund. After Bohemund's death in 1111, Richard retired to Marash, where he died in the great earthquake of November 29, 1114.

paragraph: Section::::Family issue.

paragraph: By his wife Altrude, daughter of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis, he had a son

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger of Salerno, who was the regent of the Principality of Antioch.

paragraph: His daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria married Joscelin I, Count of Edessa.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beech, George. "A Norman-Italian Adventurer in the East: Richard of Salerno", 1993

description: Italo-Norman crusader

wikidata_label: Richard of Salerno

wikipedia_title: Richard of Salerno


text: poverty

text: goddess

text: heal

text: mothers

text: childbirth

text: Ofudesaki

text: lyrics

text: choreography

text: music

text: Service

text: scripture

text: liturgy

text: place where God created human beings

text: pillar

text: salvific state

text: Joyous Life

text: arrested and detained

text: Japanese

text: authorities

text: Tenrikyo Church Headquarters

text: Shinto Main Bureau

text: fulfillment of God's promise

text: mother of humankind

text: Tenri, Nara

text: Tōdō clan

text: samurai

text: needlework

text: private school

text: bolts

text: cotton

text: Pure Land

text: Buddhism

text: temple

text: sutras

text: nun

text: kimono

text: palanquin

text: trousseau

text: The Life of Oyasama

text: Hōnen

text: meditated

text: tonsure

text: nenbutsu

text: smallpox

text: shugenja

text: ascetic

text: monk

text: Tenrikyo's doctrine

text: gable walls

text: Osaka

text: missionary work

text: faith healing

text: postnatal

text: not eating certain foods

text: Iburi Izō

text: Mikagura-uta

text: Service

text: Ofudesaki

text: hiragana

text: waka

text: Japanese poetry

text: Kagura Service

text: Jiba

text: shamisen

text: kokyū

text: koto

text: Kanrodai

text: Nara

text: yamabushi

text: Kyoto

text: Meiji government

text: Tenrikyo Church Headquarters

text: Osashizu

text: Nakayama Shinnosuke

text: Shinbashira

text: katakana

text: hiragana

text: hiragana

text: Tenrikyo Church Headquarters

text: Tenrikyo Church Headquarters

text: Nakayama Shinnosuke

text: Tenrikyo theologian

text: Religious Movements page

text: Oyasama, the Foundress of Tenrikyo

text: Tenrikyo Europe Centre

categories: Mystics,1798 births,19th-century Japanese people,18th-century Japanese women,19th-century Japanese women,Japanese Shintoists,1887 deaths,Place of birth missing,Tenrikyo,18th-century Japanese people,Japanese religious leaders,People from Nara Prefecture,Founders of new religious movements

paragraph: Nakayama Miki

paragraph: Upon her divine revelation, she gave away most of her family's possessions and dismantled the family's house, thereby entering a state of poverty. She began to attract followers, who believed that she was a living goddess who could heal people and bless expectant mothers with safe childbirth. To leave a record of her teachings, she composed the "Ofudesaki" and taught the lyrics, choreography, and music of the Service, which have become Tenrikyo's scripture and liturgy respectively. She identified what she claimed to be the place where God created human beings and instructed her followers to mark the place with a pillar and perform the liturgy around it, which she believed would advance humankind toward the salvific state of the Joyous Life. In the last several years of her life, she and her followers were arrested and detained a number of times by the Japanese authorities for forming a religious group without official authorization. A year after her death, Tenrikyo Church Headquarters received official authorization to be a church under the Shinto Main Bureau.

paragraph: Tenrikyo doctrine maintains that Nakayama Miki was the fulfillment of God's promise to humankind at creation, which was that after a certain number of years had elapsed, God would be revealed through the soul of the mother of humankind at the place of creation and inform humankind of its origins, purpose, and means of salvation. Doctrine also maintains that as the Shrine of God, Nakayama's words and actions were in complete accordance with the divine will and that upon her death, her soul withdrew from physical existence and became everliving.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Childhood.

paragraph: Nakayama Miki, née Maegawa, was born on 18 April 1798 (2 June) at dawn, around five o'clock in the morning. She was born in Sanmaiden Village, Yamabe County, Yamato Province, or present day Tenri, Nara, to a family of the farming class. Her father Maegawa Hanshichi was a member of the Tōdō clan and held the title of "musokunin," a samurai-like status which entitled him to have a surname and carry a sword, though without stipend. He was also an "ojoya," a head of a group of local villages. Her mother, Kinu, was from the Nagao family of the same village and was said to have excelled in needlework.

paragraph: In the first decade of her life, Miki learned how to write with a brush from her father and how to sew and spin cotton from her mother. From the ages of nine to eleven, she attended a private school for children at a nearby village, where she was educated in reading and writing. At home, she learned needlework from her mother and became proficient enough to make handicraft items and to cut garments out of wide bolts of cotton.

paragraph: The Maegawas were pious adherents of the Pure Land school of Buddhism and belonged to a local temple. In her childhood, Miki became familiar enough with Buddhist prayer so that by the age of twelve or thirteen, she was able to recite from memory various sutras as well the hymns from the Jōdo Wasan. At that time, she expressed an interest in becoming a nun. However, Miki's parents, on the suggestion of Miki's aunt, Kinu, asked her to marry Nakayama Zenbei, the son of Miki's aunt. At first, Miki hesitated to agree to the request out of her desire to become a nun, but eventually she consented, on the condition that even when married she would be allowed to continue her Buddhist prayer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Marriage.

paragraph: On 15 September 1810 (13 October), Miki took part in her bridal procession to the residence of the Nakayama family in the village of Shoyashiki. Dressed in a long-sleeved kimono, she was carried in a palanquin and was accompanied by attendants carrying a trousseau of five loads – two chests of drawers, two long chests, and a pair of boxes. The Nakayama family, like the Maegawa family, held some prestige in the local area. The custom in Shoyashiki was for the male head of the Nakayama household to inherit the post of "toshiyori" (village head), and in Miki's lifetime, her father-in-law Zenyemon, and later, her husband Zenbei served as "toshiyori." In addition, the Nakayama family was a major landholder in the village.

paragraph: In 1813, Miki's in-laws entrusted her with the management of all household affairs. "The Life of Oyasama," Tenrikyo's biography of Miki, portrays her as a diligent and productive worker. According to its account she did every type of farm work except for the men's tasks of digging ditches and plowing rice fields, pulled more than half an acre of cotton a day, and wove fabrics twice as fast as the average woman.

paragraph: In the spring of 1816, she completed a training course known as the Fivefold Transmission at Zenpuku Temple, her parish temple in Magata Village (now a district of the city of Tenri). During the Fivefold Transmission, she attended lectures on the writings of Hōnen, meditated, underwent tonsure, and made a vow to repeat the nenbutsu for the remainder of her life. Those who enrolled in the Fivefold Transmission were initiated into the mysteries of the Pure Land sect and were considered to have reached the highest level of faith.

paragraph: In June 1820, Nakayama Zenyemon, Miki's father-in-law, died at the age of sixty-two. In July 1821, Miki's first child, also named Zenyemon (later renamed Shuji) was born. Her first daughter Omasa and second daughter Oyasu were born in April 1825 and September 1827 respectively. In April 1828, Miki's mother-in-law Kinu, died.

paragraph: The anecdotes from "The Life of Oyasama" depict Miki as a charitable and forgiving mother. When a man was caught stealing a bag of rice from the Nakayama family's storehouse, Miki allowed him to keep the rice instead of turning him in to the authorities. When the mothers in her village suffered from a lack of milk, she would offer to nurse their infants. In 1828, one of the infants she was nursing, a boy named Adachi Terunojo, contracted smallpox. To pray for his recovery, she underwent a hundred-day prayer, walking barefoot to the village shrine every day.

paragraph: In 1830, Miki's second daughter Oyasu died. Her third daughter, Oharu, was born on 21 September 1831. Her fourth daughter, Otsune, was born on 7 November 1833 and died two years later in 1835. Her fifth daughter, Kokan, was born on 15 December 1837.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Revelation.

paragraph: On 26 October 1837, Nakayama Miki's eldest son, Shūji, felt an acute pain in his leg while sowing barley in the fields. A village doctor named Gensuke was summoned to treat the leg. When Shūji's condition did not improve, the family called for Nakatano Ichibei, a "shugenja" (ascetic monk) who was renowned in the area for his healing rituals. Ichibei offered prayers on three occasions, but after each time Shūji had only temporary relief before the pain returned. After Zenbei, Miki's husband, made another entreaty to Ichibei, he agreed to conduct an incantation ("yosekaji"), a ritual intended to invoke the Buddha's compassion. Over the course of a year, the incantation was conducted nine times.

paragraph: When Miki and Zenbei had sudden physical pains on the evening of 23 October 1838, Zenbei sent a messenger to Ichibei, who on that day was visiting his relatives in Shoyashiki for a local festival. Ichibei held another incantation the following morning. However, as the woman who regularly served as his medium, Soyo, was not available, he asked Miki to serve as medium instead. In the middle of the incantation, Tenrikyo's doctrine asserts that Miki had her first divine revelation.

paragraph: After the first revelation, Miki remained in a trance while the Nakayama family discussed how to respond to the request. Over three days, the family made several refusals, asking the divine presence to leave, but with each refusal Miki's trance grew in intensity and her responses became more severe. Then, at eight o'clock on the morning on 26 October 1838, Miki's husband Zenbei accepted the invitation on the family's behalf and her trance stopped. On this day, according to Tenrikyo's doctrine, Nakayama Miki was settled as the Shrine of Tsukihi and the Tenrikyo teachings were founded.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Poverty and ministry.

paragraph: For the three years or so following the revelation, Miki secluded herself in a storehouse. In the 1840s, Miki gradually gave away her personal belongings and the possessions of the Nakayama family. Then Miki requested that her husband Zenbei dismantle the main house, starting with the roof tiles at the southeast corner followed by the tiles on the northeast corner and the gable walls.

paragraph: In 1848, she began to give sewing lessons at her home, and in 1852 her daughter Oharu was married to Kajimoto Sojiro, the younger brother of one of the sewing students. Around this time, her son Shūji opened a classroom at home and began to instruct the village children in reading and writing.

paragraph: On 22 February 1853, Miki's husband Zenbei died. In the same year, the dismantling of the Nakayama house was completed, and Miki sent her youngest daughter Kokan to Naniwa (in present day Osaka) to chant the divine name, thus marking the first instance of missionary work in the Tenrikyo tradition.

paragraph: In 1854, Miki began to administer the grant of safe childbirth ("obiya-yurushi"), first to her daughter Oharu during her pregnancy. After Oharu delivered the baby safely, expectant mothers who had heard about the grant visited the Nakayama residence and requested that the grant be administered to them as well. The grant, a form of faith healing, was conducted by stroking and breathing on the recipient's stomach three times. Recipients of the grant, Miki instructed, would be assured of a rapid and easy delivery and would not need to observe the postnatal customs of the day, such as wearing an abdominal band, not eating certain foods, or leaning against a support.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Scripture and liturgy.

paragraph: In 1864, Iburi Izō, a carpenter and a close disciple of Oyasama, constructed Tenrikyo's first house of worship, the Place for the Service ("tsutome no basho").

paragraph: From 1866 to 1875, Miki taught the "Mikagura-uta", the songs of Tenrikyo's liturgy, the Service. The "Mikagura-uta" is divided into five sections; sections one, two and three are performed seated with hand movements while sections four and five are dances. Section one was composed first, in 1866, followed by section five from January to August 1867. In 1870, sections two and four were composed, followed by section three in 1875.

paragraph: From 1869 to 1882, Miki composed what would later be called the "Ofudesaki," a Tenrikyo scripture believed to contain her divine revelations. The "Ofudesaki" was written in the "hiragana" script and in the "waka" style of Japanese poetry, and has since been compiled into 1,711 verses divided into seventeen parts.

paragraph: In 1874, Miki collected the "kagura" masks she had requested from her older brother Maegawa Kyosuke. The "kagura" masks would be used for the Kagura Service, a subset of the Service.

paragraph: On 26 May 1875 (29 June), Miki located the "Jiba," where she claimed was the spot where God created human beings. According to "The Life of Oyasama," she identified the spot by walking randomly around the yard of her residence until her foot stopped. To confirm, she asked the other followers who were present to walk around blindfolded and their feet stopped at the same spot. She instructed her followers to mark this spot with a stand called the "Kanrodai," or the stand of heavenly dew. Later that year, a wooden prototype of the "Kanrodai," built by Iburi Izō two years earlier on Miki's request, was brought out of the storehouse of the Nakayama residence and placed on the "Jiba."

paragraph: In 1877, Miki taught the women's instruments to be used in the liturgy – "shamisen", "kokyū", and "koto". On 26 August 1880 (30 September), the liturgy was performed for the first time with the full set of instruments.

paragraph: In 1881, the construction of a stone version of the "Kanrodai" commenced with a search for stones in a nearby village. In May and September of the same year, the first and second layers of the stand, respectively, were put into place. However, in March 1882, the chief of the Nara police station confiscated the two layers, a measure taken to prevent the performance of the Service the next day. In the same year, Miki expressed her regret over the confiscation in the final verses of the "Ofudesaki," completed that year, and made revisions to sections one and three of the "Mikagura-uta."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Persecution.

paragraph: An early instance of persecution occurred in 1866, when several "yamabushi" monks caused a disturbance at Miki's residence and filed a complaint to the local magistrate's office regarding the activities taking place there. The magistrate's office questioned Miki and her followers and advised them to obtain government authorization first before continuing their activities. Miki's son Shūji went to the Yoshida Administrative Office of Shinto in Kyoto and received government authorization in 1867. However, the authorization became invalid in 1870 when the Yoshida Administrative Office was terminated by the recently installed Meiji government.

paragraph: In 1876, Miki's son Shūji obtained a license to operate a steam bath and inn as a pretense to allow more followers to gather without arousing suspicion from the police.

paragraph: Section::::The Life of Oyasama.

paragraph: "The Life of Oyasama, Foundress of Tenrikyo" is the biography of Nakayama Miki published by Tenrikyo Church Headquarters.

paragraph: Section::::The Life of Oyasama.:Background.

paragraph: Efforts to compile a biography of Nakayama Miki began not long after her death in 1887. An instruction recorded in the "Osashizu," dated 13 October 1890, requested that the followers produce a record of Nakayama's life. In response to this request, Nakayama Shinnosuke, the first Shinbashira, supervised the composition of the script for the Besseki lectures, which was completed in 1896. Based on this script, Nakayama Shinnosuke wrote a biography dated 3 July 1898 (referred to as the "katakana" version) and another one around 1907 (the "hiragana" version). Nakayama Shinnosuke's "hiragana" version became the basis of future biography compilations including "The Life of Oyasama."

paragraph: Besides Nakayama Shinnosuke's writings, a number of other writings containing biographical information were produced by various individuals. When the Tenrikyo followers made a written request in December 1886 to establish a church, four early Tenrikyo leaders – Kōda Chūsaburō, Shimizu Yonosuke, Moroi Kunisaburō, and Masuno Shōbei – submitted "Saisho no yurai" (最初之由来) along with the request. In 1891, Hashimoto Kiyoshi wrote "Tenrikyōkai yurai ryakki" (天理教会由来略記), which was written to be submitted to groups outside the church. During the church's efforts to obtain sectarian independence at the turn of the century, Tenrikyo Church Headquarters commissioned biographies from non-Tenrikyo writers, Udagawa Bunkai in 1900 and Nakanishi Ushirō in 1902. Around this time Tenrikyo followers such as Okutani Bunchi and Masuno Michioki independently wrote biographies as well.

paragraph: In 1925, the Department of Doctrine and Historical Materials was founded. The department gathered historical materials and produced "The Life of Oyasama; with Revised Historical Data" (御教祖伝史実校訂本) around 1936. This was later published in volumes 29, 30, 32, 37, and 47 of the journal "Fukugen" (復元).

paragraph: Section::::The Life of Oyasama.:Compilation.

paragraph: In 1952, a group of scholars of Tenrikyo Church Headquarters known as the "Kōki Committee" began to prepare a number of drafts of Oyasama's biography. In so doing, they decided to use the research of Nakayama Shinnosuke as the primary historical reference. The first draft was put together by an early Tenrikyo theologian, Ueda Yoshinaru, in the same year. All drafts from the first draft to the seventeenth draft (released 26 August 1955) were referred to as "Tenrikyō kyōso den sōan" (天理教教祖伝草案).

paragraph: The eighteenth draft was prepared on 18 October 1955. From this draft to the twenty-second draft (17 March 1956) are referred to as "Tenrikyō kyōso den kōan" (天理教教祖伝稿案). After the release of the twenty-first draft in February 1956, the "16th Doctrinal Seminar" was held to discuss aspects of the draft that still needed improvement. Upon revision of the twenty-second draft, "The Life of Oyasama, Foundress of Tenrikyo" was published on October 26, 1956.

paragraph: Since its first publication, "The Life of Oyasama" has gone through two revisions. The first revision, published on 26 December 1981, made several historical corrections and additions. The second revision, published on 26 January 1986, changed certain expressions deemed unsuitable.

paragraph: The English translation has gone through three editions, the first in 1967, the second in 1982, and the third in 1996.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tenrikyō" from World Religions & Spirituality Project

paragraph: BULLET::::- Religious Movements page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oyasama, the Foundress of Tenrikyo Tenrikyo International Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tenrikyo Europe Centre

description: Founder of Tenrikyo

enwikiquote_title: Nakayama Miki

wikidata_label: Nakayama Miki

wikipedia_title: Nakayama Miki