text: Thomas Cromwell

text: Henry VIII

text: Charles V

text: Edward VI

text: Hertfordshire

text: Hatfield

text: Warwickshire

text: John Hales

text: Cardinal College, Oxford

text: Nicholas Udall

text: Eton College

text: Thomas Wolsey

text: Hugh Latimer

text: University of Padua

text: Michael Throckmorton

text: Cosimo Gheri

text: Calvinistic

text: Thomas Cromwell

text: Reginald Pole

text: Pilgrimage of Grace

text: John Bale

text: John Heywood

text: William Marshall

text: John Rastell

text: Thomas Starkey

text: Richard Taverner

text: John Uvedale

text: Salisbury Cathedral

text: Dissolution of the Monasteries

text: Carmelites

text: Hanseatic League

text: Philip Hoby

text: Roger Ascham

text: Princess Mary

text: Bernard Ochino

text: Machiavelli

text: Guilford Dudley

text: Strasburg

text: Sir John Cheke

text: Anthony Cooke

text: Peter Martyr

text: mansion of Cashiobury

text: Watford

text: Cochlæus

text: Sturm

text: Sextus Julius Frontinus

text: Juan Luis Vives

text: Gregory Cromwell

text: Prince Edward

text: Jane Seymour

text: Philip Melanchthon

text: Robin Hood

text: anti-papist

text: Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland

text: Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford

text: Sir Charles

text: Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford

text: Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton

text: William Norris

text: Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln

text: Charles Morrison

text: Anthony Wood

text: inquisition post mortem

text: John Hales

text: ‘Morison, Sir Richard (c.1510–1556)’

text: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

text: His autograph in Greek.

categories: 1510s births,16th-century English diplomats,Ambassadors of England to the Holy Roman Empire,People associated with the Dissolution of the Monasteries,Year of birth uncertain,1556 deaths,English Renaissance humanists,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Richard Morrison (ambassador)

paragraph: Sir Richard Morrison (or Morison or Morysine) (ca. 1513 – 1556) was an English humanist scholar and diplomat. He was a protégé of Thomas Cromwell, propagandist for Henry VIII, and then ambassador to the German court of Charles V for Edward VI.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Richard Morrison was the son of Thomas Morison of Hertfordshire by a daughter of Thomas Merry of Hatfield. He had a sister, Amy, who married Stephen Hales (d. 27 March 1574), esquire, of Newland, Warwickshire, brother of John Hales.

paragraph: Morrison attended Cardinal College, Oxford (now Christ Church) ca. 1526 and met Nicholas Udall, who became the master of Eton College and was known as the father of English comedy. He graduated B.A. at Oxford on 19 January 1527–8, and directly entered the service of Thomas Wolsey; but he soon left the cardinal, visited Hugh Latimer at Cambridge, and went to Italy to study Greek. He attended the University of Padua in 1532, making the acquantaince there of Michael Throckmorton. In Italy both these young humanists had links with a group of reformers later called 'spirituali', whom Morison met through contacts with Edmund Harvel and Bishop Cosimo Gheri. He became a proficient if impoverished scholar at Venice and Padua, and retained an interest in literature, along with his adopted Calvinistic religious views.

paragraph: Writing in February 1536 to Thomas Cromwell, he said that he wished to do something else than be wretched in Italy. Cromwell summoned him home, and gave him an official appointment. Morison and Throckmorton subsequently took up diametrically opposed religious positions: while Throckmorton would embark on a career as agent for Reginald Pole, Morison returned to England to become Henry VIII's propagandist, producing "A Remedy for Sedition" in response to the Pilgrimage of Grace. Cromwell used a whole coterie of "divers fresh and quick wits" that also included Nicholas Udall, John Bale, John Heywood (C. 1497–1580), Thomas Gibson, William Marshall, John Rastell, Thomas Starkey, Richard Taverner and John Uvedale.

paragraph: On 17 July 1537 he became prebendary of Yatminster in Salisbury Cathedral, and derived benefit from the Dissolution of the Monasteries. He received the mastership of the hospitals of St. James's, Northallerton, Yorkshire, and St. Wulstan, Worcester, with other monastic grants. The King in 1541 is said to have given him the library of the Carmelites in London.

paragraph: In 1546 Morison went as ambassador to the Hanseatic League. On Henry VIII's death he was furnished with credentials to the king of Denmark, and ordered by the council to announce Edward VI's accession. On 8 May 1549 he was made a commissioner to visit the university of Oxford, and before June 1550 was knighted. In 1550 Morison replaced Sir Philip Hoby as Ambassador to the Emperor. Setting off in July, he went with Roger Ascham as his secretary, the two reading Greek every day together. His despatches to the council were long, but Morison found time to travel in Germany with Ascham, who published in 1553 an account of their experiences in "A Report of the Affaires of Germany." The emperor frequently remonstrated through Morison about the treatment of the Princess Mary; and he did not altogether like Morison, who was in the habit reading Bernard Ochino's "Sermons" or Machiavelli to his household 'for the sake of the language.'

paragraph: After Edward's death, Morison was revoked as ambassador. On 5 August 1553 he and Sir Philip Hoby received a recall for a political gaffe: they had alluded to Guilford Dudley as king in a letter to the council. The next year Morison withdrew to Strasburg with Sir John Cheke and Anthony Cooke, and spent his time in study under Peter Martyr, whose patron he had been at Oxford. He was at Brussels early in 1555, and is said also to have passed into Italy, but he died at Strasburg on 17 March 1556.

paragraph: Morison died a rich man, and had begun to build the mansion of Cashiobury in Watford, Hertfordshire.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Morison said:

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Apomaxis Calumniarum,’ London, 1537, an attack on Cochlæus, who had written against Henry VIII, and who retorted in 'Scopa in Araneas Ricardi Morison Angli,' Leipzig, 1538.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A translation of the 'Epistle' of Sturmius, London, 1538.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'An Invective ayenste the great detestable vice, Treason,' London, 1539.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'The Strategemes, Sleyghtes, and Policies of Warre, gathered together by S. Julius Frontinus,' London, 1539; translation of a work on tactics by Sextus Julius Frontinus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A translation of the 'Introduction to Wisdom' by Juan Luis Vives, London, 1540 and 1544, dedicated to Gregory Cromwell.

paragraph: He is also said to have written 'Comfortable Consolation for the Birth of Prince Edward, rather than Sorrow for the Death of Queen Jane,' after the death of Jane Seymour on 24 October 1537. 'Defending the Marriage of Preistes', by Philip Melanchthon. is sometimes incorrectly assigned to Morison.

paragraph: In manuscript are 'Maxims and Sayings,' Sloane MS. 1523; 'A Treatise of Faith and Justification,' Harl. MS. 423 (4); 'Account of Mary's Persecution under Edward VI,' Harl. MS. 353. Morison suggested to king Henry VIII that the popular Robin Hood plays should be suppressed in favour of anti-papist propaganda. His attitude is clear in a Cottonian manuscript entitled "A Discourse Touching the Reformation of the Lawes of England" (1535):

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Morrison married Bridget Hussey, the daughter of John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford; after his death she remarried twice, in 1561 to Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland and then in 1566 to Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford. By her he had a son Sir Charles, and three daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jane married to Edward, Lord Russell, son of Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford, and secondly to Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth to William Norris and secondly to Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary to Bartholomew Hales.

paragraph: Richard's son Charles (1549–1599) completed Cashiobury, which later passed to Charles's son, Charles Morrison (1587–1628). The estate then passed into the Capel family by the marriage of the younger Charles's daughter Elizabeth with Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham. According to Anthony Wood, Morison left illegitimate children.

paragraph: By his mistress Lucy Peckham (d. 31 July 1552), the daughter of Thomas Peckham, and wife of Sir George Harper (d. 12 December 1558), Morrison had a son and three daughters. According to the inquisition post mortem taken 18 October 1560, these children were Marcellus Harper (d. 1 February 1559); Frances, who married William Patrickson, gentleman; Mary, who married Bartholomew Hales, gentleman, brother of John Hales; and Anne, who died unmarried.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jonathan Woolfson, ‘Morison, Sir Richard (c.1510–1556)’, "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008. Retrieved 26 November 2008

paragraph: Attribution

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morison, Sir Richard (1514–56), History of Parliament

paragraph: BULLET::::- Will of Sir Richard Morison, National Archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hales, John (d.1572), History of Parliament

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hales, Stephen (d.1574), History of Parliament

paragraph: BULLET::::- Will of Stephen Hales, National Archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harper, George (1503–58), History of Parliament

paragraph: BULLET::::- Will of Sir George Harper, National Archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- His autograph in Greek.

description: English scholar and diplomat

wikidata_label: Richard Morrison

wikipedia_title: Richard Morrison (ambassador)


text:
mashups
Sam Smith
Mike Posner
Cooler than Me
Blood on the Dance Floor X Dangerous
Michael Jackson
Scream
Billboard
Dance Club Songs
Rihanna
Umbrella
Bebe Rexha
I Got You
Betty Who
Human Touch
Imagine Dragons
Demons
Naughty Boy
Sam Smith
La La La
The White Stripes
Seven Nation Army
Walk the Moon
Shut Up and Dance
Zayn
Like I Would

wikipedia_title:
Mashup (music)
Sam Smith (singer)
Mike Posner
Cooler than Me
Blood on the Dance Floor x Dangerous
Michael Jackson
Scream (Michael Jackson album)
Billboard (magazine)
Dance Club Songs
Rihanna
Umbrella (song)
Bebe Rexha
I Got You (Bebe Rexha song)
Betty Who
Human Touch (Betty Who song)
Imagine Dragons
Demons (Imagine Dragons song)
Naughty Boy
Sam Smith (singer)
La La La (Naughty Boy song)
The White Stripes
Seven Nation Army
Walk the Moon
Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)
Zayn Malik
Like I Would

categories: Club DJs,American electronic musicians,Musicians from Chicago,American DJs,Remixers

paragraph: White Panda

paragraph: White Panda is an American DJ, best known for remixing and releasing mashups.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: White Panda, originally a duo, began mixing songs and adapted to the "throwback-meets-modern" image.

paragraph: In 2014, White Panda released a mashup consisting of Disclosure's and Sam Smith's "Latch" and Mike Posner's "Cooler than Me", titled "Cooler than Latch". It was first included in White Panda's mix album "Bearly Legal" (2013) and was eventually released as a single. The duo released their album titled "The Pawprint", in 2015.

paragraph: In May 2017, they released a remix of FRND's song "Be Happy", which consists of 'harmonic bass' and vocal chops. A month later, they made a mashup of five songs that are "Blood on the Dance Floor", "Dangerous", "This Place Hotel", "Leave Me Alone" and "Is It Scary". It was given the title "Blood on the Dance Floor X Dangerous" and included on Michael Jackson's posthumous 2017 compilation album Scream, as a bonus track. The mashup has charted on "Billboard"'s Dance Club Songs chart at 47th in the second week of February 2018.

paragraph: In September 2017, the duo remixed Ember Island's cover of the Rihanna single "Umbrella".

paragraph: On June 18, 2018, it was announced on their Facebook page that the White Panda had become a solo act.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As a duo.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As a duo.:Remixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bebe Rexha — "I Got You"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Betty Who — "Human Touch"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imagine Dragons — "Demons"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jahkoy — "California Heaven"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Naughty Boy featuring Sam Smith — "La La La" (White Panda and Gazzo Remix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Powers — "Beat Of My Drum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rationale — "Fuel To The Fire"

paragraph: BULLET::::- White Panda and VÉRITÉ — "Somebody Else" (The 1975 Cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The White Stripes — "Seven Nation Army"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeflies — "Something Wrong"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walk the Moon — "Shut Up and Dance"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zayn — "Like I Would"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Panic! At The Disco — "High Hopes"

description: American DJ, remixer; solo artist since 2018-06

wikidata_label: White Panda

wikipedia_title: White Panda


text:
Jastrzębiec coat of arms
Bishop of Kiev
Stanisław Leszczyński
Rome
Ancona
Vienna

wikipedia_title:
Jastrzębiec coat of arms
Bishop of Kiev (Roman Catholic)
Stanisław Leszczyński
Rome
Ancona
Vienna

categories: Bishops of Kiev,1707 deaths,17th-century births,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Mikołaj Święcicki

paragraph: Mikołaj Święcicki of the Jastrzębiec coat of arms (died 1707) was from 1697, the Bishop of Kiev, from 1699, the Bishop of Poznań, the chancellor of the Poznań cathedral chapter in 1674-1679, the dean of the Poznań cathedral chapter in 1679-1701 scholastic of the collegiate chapter of Saint. John the Baptist in Warsaw, an official and vicar general in Mazovia in 1684.

paragraph: Section::::Curriculum vitae.

paragraph: He was a clerical deputy of the Poznań chapter for the Crown Tribunal in 1676 and 1678.

paragraph: In 1704 he was an interrexy in the substitution of Archbishop Michał Stefan Radziejowski (deprived of jurisdiction by Klemens XI), a grand referendary from 1689, and the abbot of Trójceszyn.

paragraph: He was a member of the Warsaw Confederation in 1704. A supporter of Stanisław Leszczyński's choice as the king of Poland. Despite the opposition of the Pope, he proclaimed his candidate king. For this act, on the orders of August II, Sasa was captured and sent back to Rome. There, on the order of Pope Clement XI, he was imprisoned in Ancona, where he spent two and a half years. He died in Vienna on his way back to Poland.

wikidata_label: Mikołaj Święcicki

wikipedia_title: Mikołaj Święcicki


text:
Chinese
Legend of Ban Shu
Legend of Yunxi
Yu Zheng
The Romance of the Condor Heroes
Love Yunge from the Desert
Nirvana in Fire
Legend of Ban Shu
Jing Tian
Decoded
Zhaoge
King Wu of Zhou
Legend of Yunxi
Ju Jingyi
Zhao Wei

categories: 21st-century Chinese male actors,Shanghai Theatre Academy alumni,Chinese male television actors,1991 births,Living people,Male actors from Jiangxi

paragraph: Zhang Zhehan

paragraph: Zhang Zhehan (; born 11 May 1991) is a Chinese actor. He is best known for his roles in "Legend of Ban Shu" (2015), "Demon Girl" (2016) and "Legend of Yunxi" (2018).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Zhang made his acting debut in the romance drama "Why Love You" (2010). Thereafter, he signed a contract with Yu Zheng's studio, and played the leading role in the comedy web series "Crazy for Palace" (2013) and its sequel. The series gained a small following online.

paragraph: Zhang then went on to act in various supporting roles in dramas produced by Yu Zheng; such as "" (2014), "The Romance of the Condor Heroes" (2015) and "Love Yunge from the Desert" (2015). He first gained recognition playing the role of the antagonist in the mystery costume drama "Cosmetology High" (2014), and went on to portray young Mei Changsu in the acclaimed historical drama "Nirvana in Fire" (2015).

paragraph: One of Zhang's more well-known roles is Wei Ying in historical drama "Legend of Ban Shu" (2015) co-starring Jing Tian. Zhang also portrayed one of the lead roles in the spy drama "Decoded" (2016), and headlined both seasons of the fantasy web series "Demon Girl" (2016).

paragraph: In 2017, Zhang was cast in the shemo historical drama "Zhaoge" playing the role of King Wu of Zhou.

paragraph: In 2018, Zhang starred in the historical romance drama "Legend of Yunxi" alongside Ju Jingyi. The series received much popularity among the audience for its light-hearted and sweet storyline. Zhang gained increased popularity and recognition for his performance as the cold and aloof male lead.

paragraph: In 2019, Zhang was cast in the fantasy romance drama "Everyone Wants to Meet You" produced by Zhao Wei.

description: actor

wikidata_label: Zhang Zhehan

wikipedia_title: Zhang Zhehan


text:
Hamburg
Sardinian
Hedi Schneider Is Stuck
Brookln Dekker
Hedi Schneider is Stuck
Official website

categories: Contemporary classical composers,Living people,Masked musicians,Contemporary classical music performers,German film score composers,21st-century pianists,German pianists,1983 births,Mercury KX artists

paragraph: Lambert (pianist)

paragraph: Lambert is a pianist and composer from Hamburg, Germany.

paragraph: He always performs wearing a Sardinian mask.

paragraph: He composed the music for the 2015 film "Hedi Schneider Is Stuck".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – "Lambert" (Staatsakt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 – "Stay in the Dark" (Staatsakt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – "Excess / The Improv Tape" (Dauw)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 – "Sweet Apocalypse" (Mercury KX/Decca/Universal Classics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "We Share Phenomena" (collaboration with Brookln Dekker)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – "Lost Tapes" (Staatsakt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 – "Exodus" (collaboration with Stimming) (Kryptox)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 – "Alone" (Mercury KX)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Soundtracks.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 – Hedi Schneider is Stuck

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: German pianist

wikidata_label: Lambert

wikipedia_title: Lambert (pianist)


text:
American football
wide receiver
San Francisco 49ers
National Football League
college football
South Carolina
Chapman High School
Inman, South Carolina
University of South Carolina
college football
North Carolina
Birmingham Bowl
USF
NC State
Missouri
Kentucky
Jake Bentley
Kentucky
Will Muschamp
fibula
Marcus Lattimore
Clemson
2018 Belk Bowl
2019 Senior Bowl
San Francisco 49ers
2019 NFL Draft
Tiny Lister Jr.
"Friday"
Ice Cube
Chris Tucker
South Carolina Gamecocks bio

categories: South Carolina Gamecocks football players,People from Inman, South Carolina,Players of American football from South Carolina,American football wide receivers,1996 births,Living people

paragraph: Deebo Samuel

paragraph: Tyshun "Deebo" Samuel (born January 15, 1996) is an American football wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at South Carolina.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Samuel attended Chapman High School in Inman, South Carolina. In his Senior season he led his team to the Semifinals of the AAA playoffs. He had 166 catches for 2,751 yards and 36 touchdowns during his career, he rushed 133 times for 898 yards and scored 13 touchdowns, he finished with a record of 53 career touchdowns, he also had 94 tackles and 12 interceptions. He won the High School Sports Report Class AAA Offensive Player of the Year, and played in the Shrine Bowl of the Carolinas. Samuel was rated as a three-star recruit, by the 247 composite. He committed to the University of South Carolina to play college football.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2015.

paragraph: Samuel played in five games total, making three starts and struggling with injuries. He suffered a hamstring injury in the season opener vs North Carolina. He finished the season with 12 receptions for 161 yards.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2016.

paragraph: In his sophomore season, Samuel played in 10 games and led the team with 59 receptions for 783 yards, he also rushed 15 times for 98 yards and 6 touchdowns. In the Birmingham Bowl against USF, he had 14 receptions for 190 receiving yards.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2017.

paragraph: In the first game of the season against NC State, Samuel had 5 catches for 83 yards, for two touchdowns and also returned the opening kickoff back for a touchdown. In week 2 vs. Missouri, Samuel once again returned a kickoff for a touchdown, and finished with 5 catches for 45 yards, and also ran the ball 2 times for 30 yards and a touchdown. In week 3 against Kentucky, on the first play from scrimmage Samuel caught a 68-yard touchdown pass from Gamecock quarterback Jake Bentley. After suffering a season ending injury later in the game, Samuel would finish the season having not even played three full games, yet accumulated 250 yards receiving for 3 touchdowns, 2 carries for 30 yards and a touchdown, and 2 kickoff returns for 2 touchdowns for a combined 194 yards.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2017.:Injury.

paragraph: In week 3 vs. Kentucky, with 2:27 left in the third quarter, Samuel caught a pass from Jake Bentley and was awkwardly tackled by no. 8 Derrick Baity Jr. of Kentucky, bending his leg back. It was announced after the game by head coach Will Muschamp that Samuel had broken his right fibula and would miss the rest of the season. Despite the injury, it was announced that Samuel could possibly return later on in the season, but he suffered a sprained foot in rehab and would not return. Former Gamecock running back Marcus Lattimore (who suffered severe knee injuries in college) had encouraging words for Samuel following his injury, saying: "I know you are down and frustrated and you feel like your dreams are far away now. They aren’t. You can use this moment to show people how to overcome adversity, the whole state of South Carolina loves Deebo."

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2018.

paragraph: On November 5, 2017, Samuel announced that he would be returning for his senior season. Samuel finished the 2018 season with 882 yards receiving and 11 touchdowns, his best game of the season came against Clemson where he caught 10 passes for 210 yards and 3 touchdowns. He chose not to play in the Gamecocks' bowl game, the 2018 Belk Bowl. He was later selected to play in the 2019 Senior Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Deebo Samuel was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the second round (36th overall) of the 2019 NFL Draft. He signed a four-year contract with the 49ers on July 25th, 2019

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: The nickname Deebo was given to Tyshun by his father Galen, after the character named Deebo played by Tiny Lister Jr. in the movie "Friday" that stars Ice Cube and Chris Tucker.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- South Carolina Gamecocks bio

description: American-football player (1996-)

wikidata_label: Deebo Samuel

wikipedia_title: Deebo Samuel


text:
American football
Green Bay Packers
2007 NFL Draft
Super Bowl XLV
Pittsburgh Steelers
college football
Tennessee
All-American
PrepStar
Westview High School
Green Bay Packers
Amobi Okoye
Texans
Chicago Bears
defensive end
Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila
Green Bay Packers bio
Tennessee Volunteers bio

categories: Green Bay Packers players,People from Martin, Tennessee,1984 births,American football defensive ends,American football defensive tackles,Players of American football from Tennessee,Tennessee Volunteers football players,Living people

paragraph: Justin Harrell

paragraph: Justin Tyrell Harrell (born February 14, 1984) is a former American football player. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers 16th overall in the 2007 NFL Draft and would be a part of their Super Bowl XLV championship against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football at Tennessee.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Harrell was named the 2A Mr. Football in Tennessee and was named All-American by PrepStar recruiting service. During his senior season at tight end he caught 18 passes for 354 yards and six touchdowns. Harrell attended Westview High School in Martin, Tennessee where his team was a state runner-up his senior year. He started three years in basketball and averaged 17 points per game. He also started all four years in football.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Green Bay Packers.

paragraph: At the 2007 NFL draft he was selected 16th overall by the Green Bay Packers. He was the second defensive tackle taken in the draft after Amobi Okoye (Texans).

paragraph: Harrell took part in only limited drills with the Packers in their organized team activities (OTA) practices as a result of the torn biceps tendon suffered while playing for Tennessee. Harrell was cleared to practice with the team at the preseason camp which began July 28. Harrell immediately drew criticism for showing up to OTA and Training Camp his rookie season out of shape and slightly overweight.

paragraph: On July 27, 2007 Harrell signed a six-year contract with the Packers. The deal reportedly had a maximum value of just under $15 million with approximately $8 million guaranteed. Harrell played in his first NFL game on October 7, 2007 against the Chicago Bears in Week 5.

paragraph: Harrell spent 2008 training camp on the Active/Physically Unable to Perform (PUP) list. On August 25, he was placed on the Reserve/PUP list, forcing him to miss the first six weeks of the regular season. He was activated on November 1 after defensive end Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila was released. On August 4, 2009, Harrell again injured his back during training camp practice and was inactive for the entire 2009 season.

paragraph: In the season opener of the 2010 football season, Harrell suffered a torn ACL and was placed on Injured Reserve, ending his season.

paragraph: As of the conclusion of the 2010 season, Harrell had participated in just 14 regular season games over four seasons. He was released on July 28, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green Bay Packers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tennessee Volunteers bio

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Justin Harrell

wikipedia_title: Justin Harrell


text:
Canadian
defenceman
National Hockey League
Boston Bruins
Chicago Black Hawks
Los Angeles Kings
New York Rangers
St. Louis Blues
Montreal
Quebec
Victoriaville Bruins
Niagara Falls Flyers
Ontario Hockey Association
1965 Memorial Cup
Phil Esposito
Darryl Sittler
National Hockey League All-Star Game
Mike Murphy
Kansas City Blues
Central Hockey League
World Hockey Association
Cincinnati Stingers
Indianapolis Racers
pancreatic cancer
OHA-Jr.

categories: Canadian ice hockey defencemen,Chicago Blackhawks players,Niagara Falls Flyers players,2005 deaths,St. Louis Blues players,Deaths from pancreatic cancer,1945 births,Ice hockey people from Quebec,Los Angeles Kings players,New York Rangers players,Boston Bruins players,Sportspeople from Montreal,Cincinnati Stingers players,Indianapolis Racers players

paragraph: Gilles Marotte

paragraph: Jean Gilles Marotte (June 7, 1945 – July 26, 2005) was a Canadian defenceman in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins, Chicago Black Hawks, Los Angeles Kings, New York Rangers and St. Louis Blues.

paragraph: Born in Montreal, Quebec, Marotte played junior hockey for the Victoriaville Bruins in Quebec before joining the Niagara Falls Flyers of the Ontario Hockey Association in 1963. He was a first-team all-star on the Flyers team that won the 1965 Memorial Cup. Both of his junior teams were affiliated with the Boston Bruins, and Marotte began his NHL career with the Bruins in 1965. In May 1967, he was part of one of the biggest trades in Bruins history as one of three players sent to Chicago in the deal where Boston acquired Phil Esposito.

paragraph: Marotte spent most of the next three seasons with the Black Hawks before being traded to the Los Angeles Kings in February 1970. While with the Kings in January 1971, Marotte broke rookie Darryl Sittler's wrist with a cross-check, giving him the most serious injury of his career. Marotte represented the Kings at the 1973 National Hockey League All-Star Game and scored a career-high 45 points that year. The next season, he was sent to the New York Rangers in the trade where the Kings acquired their future captain and coach, Mike Murphy. Marotte played in New York for three years. At the beginning of the 1976–77 season, Marotte was claimed on waivers by the St. Louis Blues, and spent time in the minor leagues for the only time in his career, playing for the Kansas City Blues in the Central Hockey League. The next season, Marotte jumped to the World Hockey Association to join the Cincinnati Stingers. He was traded mid-season to the Indianapolis Racers and finished his career there in 1978, retiring at the age of 33. Over his 13 seasons as a professional, Marotte appeared in 808 NHL games and 73 WHA games.

paragraph: Marotte died of pancreatic cancer in 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and achievements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- QJHL First All-Star Team (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- OHA-Jr. First All-Star Team (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Played in NHL All-Star Game (1973)

description: Canadian ice hockey defenceman

wikidata_label: Gilles Marotte

wikipedia_title: Gilles Marotte


href: Venice Jews%20of%20Italy Spain Pentateuch

text: Venice Italian Spain Pentateuch

categories: 1634 deaths,Italian theologians,Year of birth unknown

image: 512px-שער_הספר_בית_העוזיאלי.png

paragraph: Judah Uziel

paragraph: Judah Uziel (d. 1634, Venice, probably; "Jewish Encyclopedia" of 1971 says he died ca. 1600) was an Italian scholar of the 16th century, born in Spain. He was the author of sixteen sermons on the Pentateuch, which were published under the title "Bet ha-'Uzzieli" (Venice, 1603-4).

description: Italian scholar

wikidata_label: Judah Uziel

wikipedia_title: Judah Uziel


text:
Portuguese
crusade
Ethiopia
Somalia
Adal
Imam
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
Ottoman Empire
Richard Burton
Vasco da Gama
Estêvão da Gama
India
Garcia de Noronha
Diu
Red Sea
Ottoman
Suez
Estêvão's raid
Massawa
Emperor of Ethiopia
Gelawdewos
arquebus
pikes
bombard
João Bermudes
patriarch
Ethiopian highlands
Miguel de Castanhoso
Arqiqo
Debarwa
Bahr negus
viceroy
rainy season
Ahmed Gragn
Sabla Wengel
Debre Damo
Epiphany
Agame
Battle of Bacente
Amba Senayt
Haramat
Shewa
Pedro Paez
Sahart
Wajirat Mountains
Arabic
Lion of the Sea
Jarte
Wajarat
J. Spencer Trimingham
Zobil mountains
Afar Depression
Lake Ashangi
Wofla
Jew
Beta Israel
Amba Sel
seized control
Zabid
Arabia
Battle of Wofla
Jerónimo Lobo
hagiography
Vasco da Gama Conde da Vidigueira
Manuel de Almeida
Derasge
Lake Tana
Wayna Daga

categories: Christians executed for refusing to convert to Islam,People executed by Ethiopia by decapitation,Portuguese soldiers,1542 deaths,Portuguese people executed abroad,History of Ethiopia,Portuguese torture victims,Executed Portuguese people,Portuguese Roman Catholics,Da Gama family,16th-century Portuguese people,Portuguese explorers,1510s births

paragraph: Cristóvão da Gama

paragraph: Cristóvão da Gama (c. 1516 – 29 August 1542), anglicised as Christopher da Gama, was a Portuguese military commander who led a Portuguese army of 400 musketeers on a crusade in Ethiopia and Somalia (1541–1543) against the far larger Adal Muslim army of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (also known as Ahmad Gragn) aided by the Ottoman Empire. He (along with the allied Ethiopian army) was victorious against larger forces in four battles, but was seriously wounded in his last battle, after which he was captured and eventually executed. Sir Richard Burton, in his "First Footsteps in East Africa", referred to him as "the most chivalrous soldier of a chivalrous age."

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Cristóvão (or Christopher) da Gama was the son of Vasco da Gama and younger brother of Estêvão da Gama. He first came to India in 1532 with his brother, returned to Portugal in 1535, then joined Garcia de Noronha in sailing to Diu 6 April 1538. Many times in these travels he demonstrated a quick mind that saved his companions. In recognition of his usefulness, in 1541, his brother Estêvão, then Viceroy of India, gave him command of a ship in the fleet Estêvão led into the Red Sea against the Ottoman naval base at Suez.

paragraph: Section::::The Ethiopian campaign.

paragraph: Estêvão's raid came to nothing, and he returned to Massawa on May 22, 1541, to rejoin the ships he had left there. While at Massawa, he attempted to salvage something from this raid by dispatching an expeditionary force under Cristóvão to assist the beleaguered Emperor of Ethiopia, Gelawdewos. Four hundred Portuguese men-at-arms were selected, seventy of whom were also skilled artisans or engineers, and 130 slaves for this expedition, equipped with about a thousand arquebuses, an equal number of pikes and several bombards. João Bermudes, who had represented himself as the patriarch of Ethiopia to the Portuguese, accompanied this expedition. An account of this campaign in the Ethiopian highlands was later written by Miguel de Castanhoso, who accompanied Gama and was an eye-witness to almost everything he recorded. The men were landed at Massawa and Arqiqo, the next port south of Massawa, and began their trek inland to Debarwa, the capital of the "Bahr negus", or Ethiopian viceroy for the northern provinces.

paragraph: The Portuguese reached Debarwa after a march of eleven days on 20 July, to learn that the rainy season (which Castanhoso, as well as the natives, referred to as "winter") made further travel impossible. Cristóvão would not allow his men to pass the months in idleness, employing them in constructing sledges for the bombards and in raiding nearby villages that had accepted Ahmed Gragn's rule. He also learned from the "Bahr negus" that Queen Sabla Wengel was camped nearby on top of a mountain that Ahmed had not been able to reduce by siege. (R.S. Whiteway identifies this mountain with Debre Damo.) With one hundred men, he marched to the mountain, and invited Queen Sabla Wengel to join him; she did so, bringing her entourage of thirty men and fifty women, all of whom were received with careful ceremony.

paragraph: Once the rains ended, the Portuguese continued south. After months of being slowed by their equipment, Da Gama decided to leave half of it in an arsenal on Debre Damo. His army passed the Church of St. Romanos around Christmas of 1541, and celebrated Epiphany in the province of Agame (January 1542). Gama's first encounter with the Imam's troops was 2 February 1542 at the Battle of Bacente, which Whiteway located on Amba Senayt in Haramat. The invaders had taken possession of a hill from which they made raids into the countryside. Although Queen Sabla Wengel advised Gama to march around this hill, advising him to wait until her son Emperor Gelawdewos could arrive from Shewa and join him, he believed that failing to engage the invaders would make the natives distrust his troops, and that they would then stop bringing food and supplies. Fortunately, the engagement was an unquestioned success, and Gama's men took the hill despite superior enemy numbers, losing only eight men.

paragraph: At the end of February, two Portuguese arrived from a ship anchored at Massawa, escorted by six people native to the area. Gama responded with a detachment of forty men to make contact, obtain supplies, and exchange news. This group failed to reach the ship before it sailed, and the only outcome was that these soldiers and their captain were absent for the next battle, which was against Ahmad Gragn himself.

paragraph: As Queen Sable Wengel had feared, the events at Bacente alerted Ahmad that a hostile army had entered the area, and he marched north to confront it, meeting Gama at Jarte (which Pedro Paez identifies with Sahart, although Whiteway locates it in the Wajirat Mountains). The Imam made the first contact, sending a messenger to Gama to demand that the Portuguese force either leave Ethiopia, join the Imam, or be destroyed. On the Imam's orders, the messenger produced the gift of a monk's habit, an expensive insult to Gama. Gama responded with his own messenger, who delivered "a few lines in Arabic", stating that he had come to Ethiopia "by order of the great Lion of the Sea" and on the "following day he [Ahmad] would see what the Portuguese were worth", and delivered Gama's own insulting gift: a pair of "small tweezers for the eyebrows, and a very large mirror – making him out [to be] a woman."

paragraph: Two battles followed these exchanges at Jarte, the first on 4 April and the next on 16 April. The first battle was a victory for the Portuguese, although Gama lost one of his captains: Ahmad Gragn was wounded, which forced his troops to retire to the far side of the plain. The Portuguese, finding their encampment on the battlefield becoming unbearable, moved across the plain next to the enemy camp, which led to the second battle. This time, the Adal-Ottoman army was even more soundly defeated, and according to Castanhoso, "The victory would have been complete this day had we only [had] a hundred horses to finish it."

paragraph: Ahmad was forced to retreat further south, where with fortune against him, the local population now openly defied him by refusing to provide him supplies or soldiers. Whiteway identifies the Imam's refuge as a village named Wajarat, while J. Spencer Trimingham places it in the Zobil mountains overlooking the Afar Depression. Gama marched after him as far as Lake Ashangi, where on the advice of Queen Sable Wengel, he made camp on a hill in Wofla as the rainy season started.

paragraph: At some point late in the rains, Gama was approached by a Jew (possibly one of the Beta Israel), who told him of a mountain stronghold that Ahmad Gragn's followers controlled weakly (identified by Whiteway as Amba Sel). It was also at this time that Gama was accurately informed about the Emperor Gelawdewos's true strength: the Ethiopian monarch was living as an outlaw in the south, with only sixty to seventy men in his army. However, the mountain was the major barrier between the two allies, and Gama also learned that the garrison had a large number of horses—a resource he had badly needed at the second battle of Jarte. Gama swiftly marched south with about a hundred men, and seized control of the mountain.

paragraph: Leaving thirty men behind to bring the horses, Gama led his victorious men back to Wofla, to find Ahmad Gragn in position to attack that next morning. Having successfully petitioned the governor of Zabid in South Arabia, as well as offering "much money" and submission to the official, Gragn received 2900 musketeers (2000 from Arabia and 900 handpicked Ottomans), many more than Gama had. Despite their bravery, the Portuguese were heavily defeated on 28 August at the Battle of Wofla, with only 170 surviving the assault (counting the thirty men escorting the horses from the Hill of the Jews). And Gama, his arm broken from a bullet, was captured that night with fourteen companions by an Adal patrol.

paragraph: Section::::Gama's death and aftermath.

paragraph: Cristóvão da Gama was brought to Ahmad Gragn's camp, where the Imam produced the tweezers Gama had given him and began to pluck out his beard. There Gama was tortured in an attempt to force him to convert to Islam. Castanhoso's – and Jerónimo Lobo's account after him – describe Gama's fortitude and death in language worthy of a hagiography, complete with miracles. In the end Ahmad Gragn chopped off Gama's head and tossed it into a nearby spring, whose waters Castanhoso reported gained a reputation for giving "health to the sick". Lobo elaborates upon this story, claiming that upon hearing of this miracle the Imam had a dead dog tossed into the spring and the spring covered with a cairn of stones; Lobo confirms this detail in describing the account of a party sent to retrieve Gama's remains and send them to his nephew, Vasco da Gama Conde da Vidigueira. (Lobo gives the impression that he accompanied this expedition, but a letter of Manuel de Almeida states otherwise.)

paragraph: Certain that the surviving Portuguese were scattered, without their firearms, and alone in a foreign land, Ahmad Gragn concluded that this threat was ended, dismissed all but two hundred of the foreign musketeers, and proceeded to his camp at Derasge on the shores of Lake Tana. However, over 120 men had joined Queen Sabla Wengel, who had taken refuge at the Mountain of the Jews. Ten days later her son, Emperor Gelawdewos, arrived and they took measure of their situation. Using the arms stockpiled at Debre Damo, the Portuguese were able to rearm themselves; with the promise of their ability, Gelawdewos was able to raise a new army, which met Ahmad Gragn at Wayna Daga. The Portuguese musketeers aimed their fire only at the Muslim musketeers, who had played a decisive part at Wofla—and at Imam Ahmad himself. While the sources differ on the exact details, most agree that Ahmad Gragn was killed by the men of Cristóvão da Gama to avenge their commander's death.

description: Portuguese soldier in Ethiopia

wikidata_label: Cristóvão da Gama

wikipedia_title: Cristóvão da Gama


text:
c.
salter
Salem
Peabody
Danvers, Massachusetts
Plymouth Colony
London
Puritan
Native American
John Endecott
Massachusetts Bay Company
Beverly, Massachusetts
East Budleigh
London
drysalter
Bradford
Bradford
John Robinson
Leiden
Mayflower
John Lyford
John Oldham
Edward Winslow
England
Virginia
Nantasket
Myles Standish
John Endicott
Richard More
William Bradford
William Mullins
Priscilla Mullins
John Alden
William Brewster
Love Brewster
Richard Warren
Henry Hudson Kitson
Lynn, Massachusetts
Salem Witch Museum

categories: American city founders,People from East Devon District,1590s births,1679 deaths

paragraph: Roger Conant (colonist)

paragraph: Roger Conant (c. April 1592 – November 19, 1679) was an American colonist and salter credited for establishing the communities of Salem, Peabody, and Danvers, Massachusetts (Peabody and Danvers were part of Salem during his lifetime).

paragraph: Conant arrived at Plymouth Colony from London in 1623, where he became associated with Puritan opposition and subsequently led the settlement to outlying areas, including the site of an ancient Native American village and trading center, which would later become Salem.

paragraph: Conant's leadership provided the stability to survive the first two years, but John Endecott, one of the new arrivals, replaced him by order of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Conant graciously stepped aside and was granted 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land in compensation.

paragraph: Conant died in Beverly, Massachusetts on November 19, 1679.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Roger Conant was baptized in East Budleigh, Devonshire on April 9, 1592. He was the son of Richard Conant and Agnes (née Clarke). He would later move to London, where he became a drysalter.

paragraph: Section::::Life in New England.

paragraph: Contrary to some accounts that Roger Conant and his family arrived in 1623 in the ship "Anne", per "Banks", only Roger's brother Christopher Conant is listed as being on the "Anne" in 1623. In Bradford's history, in addition to letters to him by the London Adventurers, mention is made of an unnamed master or journeyman salter who may have arrived in Plymouth in the "Charity" in March 1623/24. It is thought that Bradford may have been describing Conant, and that he arrived in Plymouth in 1624.

paragraph: In 1625, Bradford learned of the death of John Robinson, the long-time minister of their exiled congregation in Leiden, Netherlands. Robinson had been the driving force behind all their efforts to find a better place than England to live their lives and it was he who cared for the many left at the Leiden congregation after the "Mayflower"s departure. After the dispiriting news of Robinson's death, those in Plymouth began to lose the fervor that helped them survive the grim early years there and began to fear that all they had gained might eventually be destroyed. These dark thoughts turned into mean-spirited fanaticism. At about that time, John Lyford, a minister who had been sent over by the London Adventurers, was expelled from Plymouth for secretly meeting with settlers who wished to return to the type of worship that they had back in England. One of Lyford's supporters, John Oldham, was forced to run a gauntlet while Pilgrims beat him with the butt-ends of their muskets. This punishment received the approval of Pilgrim leader Edward Winslow. The Adventurers were quite displeased over what had happened to one of their men and criticized the Pilgrims as “contentious, cruel and hard hearted, among your neighbors…”. Bradford later in his writings wrote that he thought that Lyford and Oldham deserved their punishments. These actions against the rebellion of Lyford and Oldham were possibly the reason Roger Conant left Plymouth for other locations where he would later continue to be in association with them against the Plymouth authorities.

paragraph: In the years prior to and also after John Robinson's death, Plymouth Colony had lost about a quarter of its residents. They had moved to other areas of New England or gone back to England, or to Virginia. Some, such as salter Roger Conant, found a place to work and worship peacefully in the fishing and trading outposts along the New England coast at Nantasket and Cape Ann.

paragraph: Per Hubbard's General History, about 1624 Conant moved to Nantasket with his family and about a year or so later relocated to Cape Ann, at the north end of Massachusetts Bay.

paragraph: In another case of the new Pilgrim vindictiveness, in 1625 Roger Conant was involved in a violent situation between Plymouth Colony military Captain Myles Standish and some fishermen on Cape Ann. Conant was so shocked by the violence the Plymouth captain displayed that Conant later reported the incident in detail for Pilgrim historian William Hubbard. In restating John Robinson's earlier concerns about the way the colony was turning to fanaticism and violence, Hubbard wrote, "Captain Standish…never entered the school of our Savior Christ…or, if he was ever there, had forgot his first lessons, to offer violence to no man." Hubbard also wrote about Standish; "so was the Plymouth captain, a man of very little stature, yet of a very hot and angry temper."

paragraph: In 1626 Conant was chosen as the first governor of the English settlers at Salem and was replaced in 1628 by Gov. John Endicott.

paragraph: Section::::Later years in Salem.

paragraph: Conant built the first Salem house on what is now Essex Street, opposite the Town Market. In 1630 he was chosen as freeman, or voting stockholder of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Conant was one of the first two Salem representatives to the colony's general court or legislature, and was repeatedly elected a selectman by the people of Salem. When the legislature granted communities the right to establish district courts, Roger Conant served on numerous Salem quarterly juries for sixteen years. He also was involved in civic activities over the years such as establishing town boundaries and laying out land grants.

paragraph: Roger Conant was active in the affairs of Salem throughout his life. In 1639, his signature was one of the first ones on the contract for enlarging the meeting house in Town Square for the First Church in Salem. This document remains a part of the town records at City Hall.

paragraph: During his very long lifetime Conant had a number of family tragedies, including the death of his wife Sarah, and of sons Caleb, Lot, Roger and Joshua. Only his son Exercise and possibly several daughters succeeded him.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Roger Conant and Sarah Horton married at St. Ann Blackfriars, London on November 11, 1618 and had nine or ten children. She was alive in November 1660 and may have died before March 1677/78 as she was not named in her father's will. Her burial place is unknown.

paragraph: Children of Roger and Sarah Conant:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarah was baptized at St. Lawrence Jewry, London on September 19, 1619 and was buried there October 30, 1620.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caleb was baptized at St. Lawrence Jewry, London on May 27, 1622. He died in England before November 11, 1633, when his uncle, John Conant, became administrator of his estate.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lot was born about 1624 and died September 29, 1674. He married Elizabeth Walton and had ten children. The marriage of their descendant Hannah Conant (d.1810) with Josiah Dodge (d.1785/90) in 1761 connected the line of "Mayflower" passenger Richard More with the Conant family. The marriage of their descendant John Conant (1814-1903) with Elvira Bradford (1820-1897) in 1842 connected the Conant line to the line of eight "Mayflower" passengers: William Bradford, William Mullins, Priscilla Mullins, John Alden, William Brewster, Mary Brewster, Love Brewster, and Richard Warren. After Lot’s death, Elizabeth married Andrew Mansfield in Lynn on January 10, 1681/82.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger was born in Salem and died in June 1672. He married Elizabeth Weston by 1661 and had two children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarah was born about 1628. She married John Leach and had ten children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joshua was born about 1630 and died in England in 1659. He married Seeth Gardner by 1657 and had one son.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary was born about 1632.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth was born about 1635 and was unmarried in March 1677/78. Nothing further is known.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exercise was baptized in Salem on December 24, 1637 and died on April 28, 1722. He married Sarah Andrews by 1668 and had six children. He was buried in Olde Mansfield Center Cemetery, Mansfield, CT.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Roger Conant died on November 19, 1679 in what is now the city of Beverly in Essex County, Massachusetts. He was reportedly buried in Burying Point Cemetery in Salem.

paragraph: Section::::Statue in Salem.

paragraph: In 1913, the Conant Family Association approved sculptor Henry Hudson Kitson's design for a bronze sculpture of Roger Conant. Kitson's dramatic design features Conant overlooking Salem Common, shrouded in a billowing heavy cloak. The sculpture was installed atop a boulder taken from nearby Lynn, Massachusetts. Because of the cloak, wide-brimmed hat, and its proximity directly outside the Salem Witch Museum, visitors to the area often mistake Conant for a witch.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Note: One of the earliest known genealogies of Roger Conant and his descendants is the volume written by his descendant E. W. Leavitt and privately printed in 1890: "A Genealogy of One Branch of the Conant Family, 1581-1890." An earlier Conant genealogy, published in Portland, Maine, in 1887 and written by Frederick Odell Conant also delved into the English origins of the Conant family.

description: American city founder

wikidata_label: Roger Conant

wikipedia_title: Roger Conant (colonist)


text: Mary

text: Rachel

text: Newnham College, Cambridge

text: Newnham

text: Bryn Mawr College

text: Law Society

text: Gwyneth Bebb

text: Maud Crofts

text: Adrian Stephen

text: Virginia Woolf

text: Vanessa Bell

text: conscientious objectors

text: Sigmund Freud

text: Sylvia Payne

text: British Psychoanalytical Society

text: Cambridge University

text: manic depression

text: Leonard Woolf

text: Bloomsbury

text: British Psychoanalytical Society

text: Henri Bergson

text: C. H. Waddington

categories: British psychoanalysts,Fellows of Newnham College, Cambridge,1890 births,British psychologists,1953 deaths,Bloomsbury Group,Stephen-Bell family

paragraph: Karin Stephen

paragraph: Karin Stephen (née Costelloe) (1889–1953) was a British psychoanalyst and psychologist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Karin Stephen was born Catherine Elizabeth Costelloe. Her mother, Mary née Pearsall Smith (better known as Mary Berenson; 1864-1945) had been a Philadelphia Quaker, and her father, Benjamin Francis Conn Costelloe (1855-1899) a Northern Irish convert to Roman Catholicism. The relationship between her parents was difficult, and her mother left her husband when Karin and her sister Rachel were very young. Her father died in 1899 when she was ten years old, so the sisters were then looked after by their grandmother. While at boarding school she won a scholarship for Newnham College, Cambridge.

paragraph: Stephen went up to Newnham in 1907 but left after one year, due to various personal and health problems. She then spent a year at Bryn Mawr College where she began to study philosophy and psychology. In 1909 she returned to Newnham and received a First class degree in Moral Sciences in 1910. In 1914 she became a Fellow at Newnham.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1913 she and three other women started an unsuccessful legal action, known as "Bebb vs. the Law Society", claiming that the Law Society should be compelled to admit them to its preliminary examinations. The three other women were Gwyneth Bebb, who the action was named after, Maud Crofts, and Lucy Nettlefold.

paragraph: She married Adrian Stephen (brother of Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell) in 1914. The couple, as conscientious objectors, spent the war working on a dairy farm. They became interested in the work of Sigmund Freud and after the war, the couple trained as doctors in order to practice psychoanalysis. They went into analysis with James Glover and when he died, in 1926, Karin continued with Sylvia Payne. They both qualified in 1927 and she worked in a psychiatric hospital. Accepted as an associate member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1927, she became a full member in 1931.

paragraph: Stephen entered private practice as a psychoanalyst. She gave the first lecture course on psychoanalysis ever given at Cambridge University: the course of six lectures was repeated over several years, and formed the basis of her medical textbook "Psychoanalysis and medicine". She suffered from deafness and manic depression. After her husband died in 1948, her health deteriorated and she committed suicide in 1953.

paragraph: Leonard Woolf considered Stephen 'Old Bloomsbury'.

paragraph: Her papers are held in the archives of the British Psychoanalytical Society.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The misuse of mind; a study of Bergson's attack on intellectualism", New York: Harcourt, Brace; London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1922. With a prefatory letter by Henri Bergson. In The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Psychoanalysis & medicine; a study of the wish to fall ill", New York: Macmillan; Cambridge: The University Press, 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Introjection and Projection: Guilt and Rage', "British Journal of Medical Psychology" 14, pp. 316–31, 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'A correspondence with Dr Karin Stephen', in C. H. Waddington, "Science As Ethics", London: George Allen & Unwin, 1943.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Relations between the Superego and the Ego', "Psychoanalysis and History" 2:1 (February 2000)

alias:
Karin Costelloe
Catherine Elizabeth Costelloe

description: British psychoanalyst & scholar

wikidata_label: Karin Stephen

wikipedia_title: Karin Stephen


text:
King Edward III
King Richard II
Forrabury
Boscastle
Sheriff of Cornwall
Hugh de Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon
John de Moels, 4th Baron Moels
East Berkhampstead
feudal baron
moiety
North Cadbury
Castle Cary
Les Bottereaux
Evreux
Herodsfoot
Lanreath
Boscastle
livery
Saxony
King Edward III
parliament
by writ
1st Baron Botreaux
armorials
griffin
Ralph Daubeny, 2nd Baron Daubeny
Thomas Thweng, 4th Baron Thweng
William de Botreaux, 2nd Baron Botreaux
Molland-Bottreaux
Tarrant Abbey

categories: 1391 deaths,Barons in the Peerage of England,1337 births

paragraph: William de Botreaux, 1st Baron Botreaux

paragraph: William de Botreaux (1337–1391) (pronounced "But'ry") (alt. “Bottreaux, Boterel etc.) was a prominent English West-Country baron during the reigns of King Edward III (1327-1377) and King Richard II (1377-1399).

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the son and heir of William de Botreaux (d. 22 July 1349) of Forrabury, Cornwall (renamed after his family Boscastle, anciently “Bottreaux Castle”, ) Sheriff of Cornwall, by Isabel de Moels, younger daughter and co-heiress (with her sister Muriel, the wife of Thomas Courtenay (d. 1363) 5th son of Hugh de Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon) of John de Moels, 4th Baron Moels(d.1337), of East Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire and feudal baron of a moiety of North Cadbury, Somerset, by his wife Joan Lovel, daughter of Richard Lovel of Castle Cary, Somerset. The family is believed to have come from "Les Bottereaux", in Upper Normandy near Evreux, France. His father William (d. 1349) was the son of Reynold (d. 1346), son of William (d. c. 1342), son of William (d. 1302), son of Reynold (d. 1273).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was born on 1 September 1337 at Botelet near Herodsfoot, 3 miles northeast of Lanreath, Cornwall. Botelet is 20 miles south of the family's ancient seat of Boscastle on the north Cornish coast. He received livery of his lands on 27 September 1359. In 1359 he took part in the expedition to Saxony and in 1380 was in the expedition to support Portugal against Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Created Baron by writ.

paragraph: During the reign of King Edward III he was first summoned to parliament by writ addressed to "Willelmo de Botreaux" on 24 February 1367/8. He thus became the 1st Baron Botreaux. He was likewise summoned on several further occasions the last of which was 12 September 1390.

paragraph: Section::::Armorials.

paragraph: The armorials of de Botreaux are: "Argent, a griffin segreant gules armed azure".

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: In February 1369/70 he married Elizabeth Daubeny (d. 29/5/1433), daughter of Ralph Daubeny, 2nd Baron Daubeny (1305–c. 1342)

paragraph: by Katherine Thweng, sister and co-heiress of Thomas Thweng, 4th Baron Thweng.

paragraph: Section::::Progeny.

paragraph: He left the following progeny by Elizabeth Daubeny:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William de Botreaux, 2nd Baron Botreaux (1367–1395)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John de Botreaux (3rd son), lived at Molland-Bottreaux, Devon.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on 10 August 1391. Before 1421 his widow Elizabeth became a nun at Tarrant Abbey, Dorset.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- G. E. Cokayne "Complete Peerage"; vol 2, pp. 241–242

description: English Baron

wikidata_label: William de Botreaux, 1st Baron Botreaux

wikipedia_title: William de Botreaux, 1st Baron Botreaux


text: mathematician

text: quantum mechanics

text: Segal–Shale–Weil representation

text: quantum field theory

text: harmonic analysis

text: C*-algebra

text: Bronx

text: Jewish

text: Trenton

text: Princeton University

text: Phi Beta Kappa

text: Yale

text: Harvard University

text: Institute for Advanced Study

text: Princeton

text: Albert Einstein

text: John von Neumann

text: World War II

text: U.S. Army

text: Aberdeen Proving Ground

text: University of Chicago

text: M.I.T.

text: Guggenheim Fellowships

text: ICM

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: Victor Guillemin

text: festschrift

text: Physics Today

text: Lexington, Massachusetts

text: Big Bang

text: Cosmic microwave background

text: redshift

text: Lorentz group

text: Poincare group

text: conformal group of spacetime

text: compactification

text: A. H. Taub

text: proposed by Einstein in 1917

text: MIT

text: American Mathematical Society

text: Ray Kunze

text: John C. Baez

text: The Astrophysical Journal

text: Metaplectic group

text: Symplectic group

text: Symplectic spinor bundle

text: John C. Baez

text: Memories of Irving Segal

categories: 1998 deaths,20th-century American mathematicians,Yale University alumni,Princeton University alumni,American Jews,Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences,Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty,1918 births,Harvard University faculty

paragraph: Irving Segal

paragraph: Irving Ezra Segal (September 13, 1918 – August 30, 1998) was an American mathematician known for work on theoretical quantum mechanics. He shares credit for what is often referred to as the Segal–Shale–Weil representation.

paragraph: Early in his career Segal became known for his developments in quantum field theory and in functional and harmonic analysis, in particular his innovation of the algebraic axioms known as C*-algebra.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Irving Ezra Segal was born in the Bronx in 1918 to Jewish parents. He attended school in Trenton. In 1934 was admitted to Princeton University at the age of 16. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, completed his undergraduate studies in just three years time, graduated with highest honors with a Bachelors in 1937, and was awarded the George B. Covington Prize in Mathematics. He was then admitted to Yale, and in another three years time had completed his doctorate, receiving his PhD in 1940. Segal taught at Harvard University, then he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton on a Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship, working from 1941–43 with Albert Einstein and John von Neumann. During World War II Segal served in the U.S. Army conducting research in ballistics at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. He joined the mathematics department at the University of Chicago in 1948 where he served until 1960. In 1960 he joined the mathematics department at M.I.T. where he remained as a professor until his death in 1998. He won three Guggenheim Fellowships, in 1947, 1951 and 1967, and received the Humboldt Award in 1981. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1966 in Moscow and in 1970 in Nice. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1973.

paragraph: In 1983 Victor Guillemin edited a festschrift dedicated to Irving Segal. Physics Today published a review of "Introduction to Algebraic and Constructive Quantum Field Theory" (1992) which he coauthored.

paragraph: Segal died in Lexington, Massachusetts in 1998.

paragraph: Edward Nelson's obituary article about Segal concludes: "...It is rare for a mathematician to produce a life work that at the time can be fully and confidently evaluated by no one, but the full impact of the work of Irving Ezra Segal will become known only to future generations."

paragraph: Section::::Chronometric cosmology.

paragraph: Segal provided an alternative to the Big Bang theory of expansion of the universe. He concluded that the Cosmic microwave background "The observed blackbody... is simply the most likely disposition of remnants of light on a purely random basis... and is not at all uniquely indicative of a Big Bang. The cosmological redshift that motivates the expanding universe theory is due to curvature of the cosmos, according to Segal. He portrayed the spatial part of the cosmos as a large 3-sphere. Spacetime cannot turn back on itself. At each point in the cosmos there is a convex future direction, meaning, "the future can never merge into the past", no spacetime curvature can close or loop. Building on common symmetry expressed by the Lorentz group, Poincare group, and conformal group of spacetime, Segal saw the closing up of the universe as consistent with compactification of spacetime used to define the conformal group. Segal reviewed redshift data to verify his cosmology. He claimed confirmation, but generally his chronometric cosmology has not found favor.

paragraph: For instance, A. H. Taub reviewed "Mathematical Cosmology and Extragalactic Astronomy", saying

paragraph: In 2005 A. Daigneault spoke on "Irving Segal’s Axiomitization of Spacetime and it Cosmological Consequences" in Budapest.

paragraph: He concedes at the outset that Segal's cosmology is "generally ignored by astrophysicists", and that the model was first proposed by Einstein in 1917 and is "supposedly discredited".

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: For a list of 227 articles and 10 books to which Segal contributed, see the MIT external link below.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "Lectures at the Boulder Summer Seminar", American Mathematical Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968: (with Ray Kunze)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: (with John C. Baez and Zhengfang Zhou)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: (with Nicoll, J.F., Wu, P., Zhou, Z.) "Statistically Efficient Testing of the Hubble and Lundmark Laws on IRAS Galaxy Samples", The Astrophysical Journal 465–484

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: (with Zhou, Z.) "Maxwell's Equations in the Einstein Universe and Chronometric Cosmology", ApJS. Ser. 100, 307–324

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Cosmic time dilation", "The Astrophysical Journal" 482:L115–17

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metaplectic group

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symplectic group

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symplectic spinor bundle

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John C. Baez (1999) Memories of Irving Segal

description: American mathematician

wikidata_label: Irving Segal

wikipedia_title: Irving Segal


text: Cleveland, Ohio

text: Italian

text: United States

text: Calabria

text: Italy

text: Spike Jones

text: revue

text: Henry Morgan's Great Talent Hunt

text: Henry Morgan

text: Fly Me to the Moon

text: Alice Ghostley

text: Rodgers and Hammerstein

text: Cinderella

text: Julie Andrews

text: NBC

text: The Perry Como Show

text: Don Adams

text: Paul Lynde

text: Sandy Stewart

text: LP record

text: Peanuts

text: Lucy van Pelt

text: Charlie Brown

text: The Patty Duke Show

text: The Mothers-in-Law

text: Eve Arden

text: The Doris Day Show

text: Match Game

text: The Muppet Show

text: Alice

text: kleptomania

text: medium

text: Daddy Dearest

text: Richard Lewis

text: Don Rickles

text: DMV

text: The Golden Apple

text: Joseph Papp

text: The Pirates of Penzance

text: Carnival!

text: Molly

text: The Goldbergs

text: Marc Blitzstein

text: Reuben, Reuben

text: Wonderful Town

text: New York City Center

text: Long Beach, California

text: Chicago

text: No, No, Nanette

text: Paper Mill Playhouse

text: Stephen Sondheim

text: Follies

text: Nunsense

text: Dan Goggin

text: Palm Springs Walk of Stars

text: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: The Fabulous Palm Springs Follies

text: Plaza Theatre

text: Palm Springs, California

text: Donna McKechnie

text: Liliane Montevecchi

text: Santa Fe

text: Lensic Theater

text: Austin, Texas

text: Paramount Theatre

text: Lee Roy Reams

text: Rancho Mirage, California

text: Kaye Ballard website

text: The News Herald

categories: American television actresses,American film actresses,Actresses from Cleveland,Actresses of Italian descent,American musical theatre actresses,Deaths from kidney cancer,American stage actresses,2019 deaths,Breast cancer survivors,1925 births,Singers from Ohio,Deaths from cancer in California,American people of Italian descent

paragraph: Kaye Ballard

paragraph: Kaye Ballard (November 20, 1925 – January 21, 2019) was an American musical theatre and television actress, comedian and singer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ballard was born Catherine Gloria Balotta in Cleveland, Ohio, one of four children born to Italian immigrant parents, Lena (née Nacarato) and Vincenzo (later Vincent James) Balotta. Her parents emigrated to the United States from Calabria, a region of southern Italy. Her siblings were Orlando, Jean and Rosalie.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Ballard established herself as a musical comedian in the 1940s, joining the Spike Jones touring revue of entertainers. Capable of playing broad physical comedy as well as stand-up dialogue routines, she became familiar in television and stage productions. A phrase her mother had used when Kaye was a child, "Good luck with your MOUTH!", became her catchphrase in her sketches and on television. Ballard made her television debut on "Henry Morgan's Great Talent Hunt", a short-lived NBC program hosted by Henry Morgan which first aired January 26, 1951. In 1954, she was the first person to record the song "Fly Me to the Moon".

paragraph: In 1957, she and Alice Ghostley played the two wicked stepsisters in the live telecast of Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Cinderella", starring Julie Andrews in the title role. During the 1961–1963 television seasons, Ballard was a regular on NBC's "The Perry Como Show", as part of the Kraft Music Hall Players, along with Don Adams, Paul Lynde and Sandy Stewart. In 1962, she released an LP record, "Peanuts", on which she played Lucy van Pelt from the comic strip namesake of the album (with Arthur Siegel playing Charlie Brown), and dramatizing a series of vignettes drawn from the strip's archive. In 1964 she had a guest role on "The Patty Duke Show", playing a teacher for would-be models. From 1967 to 1969, she co-starred as Kaye Buell, a woman whose son marries her next door neighbor's daughter, in the NBC sitcom "The Mothers-in-Law", with Eve Arden playing her neighbor. From 1970 to 1972, she also appeared as a regular on "The Doris Day Show", playing restaurant owner Angie Pallucci . She made appearances on the American television game show "Match Game". In 1977, she was a guest star on "The Muppet Show". She also appeared on the television series "Alice", in which she played a kleptomaniac phony medium, as well as "Daddy Dearest", where she guest-starred opposite Richard Lewis and Don Rickles as a DMV clerk.

paragraph: Ballard starred on Broadway as Helen in "The Golden Apple" (1954) introducing the song "Lazy Afternoon". She portrayed Ruth in Joseph Papp's "The Pirates of Penzance", Rosalie in "Carnival!" and the title role in "Molly", an unsuccessful musical adaptation of the popular radio serial "The Goldbergs". She created the role of the Countess and closed out-of-town in Marc Blitzstein's "Reuben, Reuben", and played Ruth Sherwood in "Wonderful Town" at New York City Center in 1963.

paragraph: In Long Beach, California, she played Mama Morton in "Chicago" and fought with a vacuum cleaner as Pauline in "No, No, Nanette". In 1998, she played Hattie Walker in the Paper Mill Playhouse's acclaimed revival of Stephen Sondheim's "Follies". In 2005, she appeared in a road-company production of "Nunsense", written by Dan Goggin. The following year, she completed her autobiography, "How I Lost 10 Pounds in 53 Years".

paragraph: In 1995, she was awarded a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars.

paragraph: She appeared in "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!" as "Madam A-Go-Go," a mysterious fortune teller who appears in the episode "Fortune Teller". She also performed with The Fabulous Palm Springs Follies at the Plaza Theatre in Palm Springs, California.

paragraph: In December 2010, she, Donna McKechnie and Liliane Montevecchi starred in a Santa Fe production of "From Broadway with Love", staged at the Lensic Theater. Ballard was in the 2012 cabaret show "Doin' It for Love", which premiered in Austin, Texas, at the historic Paramount Theatre. Starring Ballard and Montevecchi, the cast included Broadway dancer Lee Roy Reams. (The Austin performance benefited the Texas Humane Legislation Network.) The show then went on to play in Los Angeles on March 8 and 10, 2012. Ballard announced her official retirement in 2015 at the age of 89.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Ballard died at her home in Rancho Mirage, California on January 21, 2019 at the age of 93. The cause was kidney cancer, according to a friend.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kaye Ballard website

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kaye Ballard recalls a long, eventful career". Nick Thomas (November 10, 2015), "The News Herald".

description: American actress, singer

wikidata_label: Kaye Ballard

wikipedia_title: Kaye Ballard


text: companion

text: Muhammad

text: Mecca

text: Tamim

text: Zuhra

text: Quraysh

text: Thaqif

text: Islam

text: Uqba ibn Abu Mu'ayt

text: Muhammad

text: Abu Bakr

text: ewe

text: Qur'an

text: suras

text: Quraysh

text: Abu Jahl

text: Kaaba

text: emigrated

text: Abdulrahman ibn Awf

text: emigrated

text: Medina

text: Battle of Badr

text: Abu Jahl

text: Battle of Uhud

text: Battle of the Ditch

text: hadith

text: Jihad

text: moon was split

text: qāḍī

text: Kufa

text: Saad ibn Abi Waqqas

text: Uthman

text: al-Walid ibn Uqba

text: Abu Dharr

text: mushaf

text: qira'at

text: isnad

text: mutawatir

text: An-Nawawi

text: Ibn Hazm

text: Aisha

text: Al-Baqi'

text: Ammar ibn Yasir

categories: 7th-century Arabs,Sahabah participated in battle of Uhud,Male Sahabah,594 births,653 deaths,People from Mecca,7th-century Arabic writers

image: 512px-عبد_الله_بن_مسعود.png

paragraph: Abdullah ibn Masud

paragraph: ʿAbdallāh ibn Masʿūd (; c.594-c.653) was a companion of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. He was also known by the "kunya" Abu Abdulrahman.

paragraph: Abdallāh ibn Masʿūd was born in Mecca in about 594 a son of Masud ibn Ghafil and Umm Abd bint Abdwadd, both of whom were from the Tamim tribe,believed to be slaves, or otherwise of low social status. However, Umm Abd's mother, Hind bint Al-Harith, was from the Zuhra clan of the Quraysh, and Masud made an alliance with her brother.

paragraph: Abdullah had a brother, Utba, and at least two wives in Muhammad's lifetime. One was Rayta bint Abdullah, a craftswoman who supported Abdullah and their child through her handcrafts. The other was Zaynab bint Abdullah from the Thaqif tribe with whom he had several daughters. He specified in his will that none of his daughters should be married off without their own knowledge. He also had a son named Abdul Rahman.

paragraph: He is described as a thin, short man with very dark skin, and smooth hair reaching to his shoulders. Abdullah wore white clothes, and could be recognized in the dark by his distinctive, high-quality perfume. He was reported to be sociable and willing to speak out to put people at ease. In his character and goals, he was said to be the person "most like Muhammad".

paragraph: Section::::Conversion to Islam.

paragraph: Ibn Masʿūd was an early follower of Islam, having converted before 616. He appears nineteenth on Ibn Ishaq's list of people who were converted by Abu Bakr.

paragraph: As a youth, he worked as a shepherd for Uqba ibn Abu Mu'ayt. He first met Muhammad and Abu Bakr while watching his flocks when they were "fleeing from the idolators". They asked him for milk, but Abdullah said he could not steal from his employer. According to Masʿūd, Muhammad then asked for an unmated ewe and stroked its udder, whereupon milk poured out. Abdullah immediately asked to be taught "some of these words," and Muhammad began to teach him the Qur'an. Abdullah later said that he learned 70 "suras" from Muhammad.

paragraph: Later his mother and brother also converted to Islam.

paragraph: Around 614 the Quraysh began a campaign to suppress Islam through the oppression of Muslims of lower social status. Abdullah, as a foreigner whose allies had withdrawn their protection, was vulnerable to this persecution. Abu Jahl—one of the high-status leaders among the Quraysh—once "clawed at him and punched him".

paragraph: The Muslims remarked one day that the Quraysh had never heard the Qur'an being recited clearly, and that someone needed to make them listen to it. Abdullah volunteered. His friends reminded him that he had no protector and therefore the crowds might attack him, but Abdullah replied, "Allah will protect me." He stood in front of the Kaaba and began to recite the Qur'an. When the Quraysh realized that he was reciting Muhammad's teaching, they began to hit his face, but he continued to recite. He returned to the Muslims with the bruises on his face, saying, "I have never despised Allah's enemies more than I do now, and if you like I will go and do the same thing tomorrow." The Muslims told him that he had already done enough, "for you have made them listen to what they don't want to hear".

paragraph: Abdullah and his brother Utba were among those who emigrated to Abyssinia in 616. Abdullah returned to Mecca in 619 with Abdulrahman ibn Awf.

paragraph: Section::::Emigration to Medina.

paragraph: When the Muslims emigrated to Medina in 622, Abdullah lodged with Muadh ibn Jabal or Saad ibn Khaythama. One tradition states that Muhammad made a pact of brotherhood between Abdullah and Muadh ibn Jabal; but according to another, Abdullah's brother in Islam was Al-Zubayar ibn Al-Awwam. When land in Medina was allocated to the immigrants, the Zuhra clan was given an area behind the mosque, which included plots for Abdullah and his brother Utba.

paragraph: Section::::Emigration to Medina.:Relationship with Muhammad.

paragraph: Outsiders perceived Abdullah and his mother as members of Muhammad's household. He worked as a personal servant, taking care of Muhammad's bedding, toothbrush, sandals and traveling hygiene. "He used to screen him when he bathed and wake him when he slept and walk with him in a wild land." He was said to be the "keeper of secrets". Muhammad once told him to climb a tree and bring him a twig. The companions laughed at how thin Abdullah's legs were. Muhammad said: "Why are you laughing? Abdullah's foot will be heavier than Mount Uhud in the scales on the Day of Resurrection."

paragraph: Muhammad recognized Abdullah as one of the four foremost experts on the Qur'an. He once asked him to recite; when Abdullah protested, "Should I recite it to you when you are the one to whom it was sent down and revealed?" Muhammad replied, "I love to hear it from someone else." Abdullah then recited it until Muhammad wept.

paragraph: Section::::Emigration to Medina.:Military career.

paragraph: Abdullah fought at the Battle of Badr. After the battle, Muhammad ordered the warriors to search among the corpses for his enemy Abu Jahl, who could be recognised by a distinctive scar on his knee.

paragraph: Abdullah found Abu Jahl "at his last gasp" with his leg cut off. He seized his beard and asked, "Are you Abu Jahl?" Abu Jahl replied, "Can there be a man superior to the one you have killed or one whom his own folk has killed?" Abdullah then placed his foot on Abu Jahl's neck, and asked, "Allah's enemy, has Allah put you to shame?" Abu Jahl replied, "How has he shamed me? Am I anything more than a man whom you have killed? Tell me how the battle went." Abdullah told him that the Muslims had won. Abu Jahl responded, "You have climbed high, you little shepherd!" Then Abdullah struck off his head. He brought it to Muhammad, proclaiming, "This is the head of Allah's enemy Abu Jahl!".

paragraph: Abdullah also fought at the Battle of Uhud, the Battle of the Ditch and "all the battles," including Tabuk. Twenty years later, he said he wished he had died at Tabuk.

paragraph: Section::::Caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar.

paragraph: After the death of Muhammad, Abdullah ibn Masud became the eighth-most prominent transmitter of "hadith" with a total of 848 narrations. Umar called him "a box full of knowledge". The following traditions are among those attributed to him.

paragraph: I asked Allah's Messenger which deed was the best. He replied: "Prayer at its appointed hour." I said: "Then what?" He replied: "Kindness to the parents." I said: "Then what?" He replied: ""Jihad" in the cause of Allah." And I would not have ceased asking more questions but out of regard.

paragraph: A man said: "Allah's Messenger, which offense is the most grievous in Allah's eye?" He replied: "That you associate a partner with Allah, who created you." He said: "What next?" He replied: "That you kill your child out of fear that he would join you in food." He said: "What next?" He replied: "That you commit adultery with your neighbor's wife." And the Almighty and Exalted Lord testified it: "All those who call not unto another god along with Allah, and slay not any soul which Allah has forbidden, except in the cause of justice, nor commit fornication, and he who does this shall meet a requital of sin." [Qur'an 25:68]

paragraph: We were along with Allah's Messenger at Mina, that moon was split up into two. One of its parts was behind the mountain and the other one was on this side of the mountain. Allah's Messenger said to us: "Bear witness to this."

paragraph: Umar allotted Abdullah a pension of 6,000 "dirhams", and he was said to be very generous with his money. His mother was also granted a pension of 1,000 "dirhams".

paragraph: Around 642 Umar appointed him as a preacher and treasurer (qāḍī) in Kufa, saying: "I have preferred you with him over myself, so take him."

paragraph: Section::::The Caliphate of Uthman.

paragraph: Section::::The Caliphate of Uthman.:Conflict with the Government.

paragraph: Abdullah, in his capacity as treasurer, lent a sum of money to Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, the Governor of Kufa, and when he was unable to repay it, they quarreled. Their quarrel spread to their individual supporters until they became two "wrangling factions" in the city. Uthman became angry with both of them; in 646 he recalled Saad, extracted the money from him, and replaced him with al-Walid ibn Uqba. He thought of replacing Abdullah too, but in the end he decided against it.

paragraph: By 650, Abdullah had quarreled with al-Walid. A petition was brought to Abdullah to investigate rumors that Al-Walid was drinking alcohol; Abdullah responded that it was not his business to spy on another man's privacy. Al-Walid felt that this statement was tantamount to a suspicion of his guilt. He accused Abdullah of not defending his reputation, and they insulted one another verbally. Al-Walid also tried to misappropriate state finances, but Abdullah refused to comply with his demands. When Uthman instructed Abdullah to obey al-Walid in everything, Abdullah resigned his post. However, he remained in Kufa and continued to criticise the Governor.

paragraph: Another long-serving Muslim, Abu Dharr, was also living in Kufa. He lived in the desert of Al-Rabadha. Sometime later, Abdullah ibn Masud went on a pilgrimage to Mecca. As he passed through Al-Rabadha, his camels almost trod upon a funeral bier. A slave told him that it was the funeral of his master Abu Dharr, who had died alone. Abdullah burst into tears, exclaiming: "The apostle was right! You walked alone, you died alone and you will be raised alone!" Then he alighted from his camels and helped to bury his old friend.

paragraph: Section::::The Caliphate of Uthman.:Uthman's Qur'an.

paragraph: Uthman produced a standardized version of the Qur'an in 652. He sent a copy to each province, and ordered that all other Quranic materials "whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies," must be burned.

paragraph: It is said that Abdullah was displeased by the finished product; in particular:

paragraph: BULLET::::- That he accused Uthman's scribes of adding three extra "suras" (1, 113 and 114) that had never been part of the original, and of making many other small changes to the text.

paragraph: BULLET::::- That he preached a sermon in Kufa in which he called Uthman's standardized Quran a "deceit". "And whoever deceives like this will bring his deceit on the Day of Resurrection … I like it better to read according to the recitation of him whom I love than that of Zayd ibn Thabit … If I knew anyone to be more conversant with Allah's Book than I am, I would surely go to him if camels could carry me there."

paragraph: When Uthman's agents came to Kufa to burn all the variants, Abdullah hid his copy from them. He justified his own version of the recitation by reminding people: "I recited before Allah's Messenger more than seventy "suras" of the Qur'an. His Companions know that I have a better understanding of Allah's Book than they do; and if I were to know that someone had a better understanding than I have, I would have gone to him." It was said that nobody could find fault with Abdullah's version.

paragraph: When Uthman was called to account for his mismanagement as Caliph, one of the grievances against him was that he had destroyed variant readings of the Qur'an. Much later, Abdullah ibn Masud's variant readings were discussed on equal terms with the Uthmanic text by al-Farra (d. 207/822).

paragraph: However, the vast majority of Muslim scholars never accepted these reports due to their weakness, as well as many strong reports indicating the exact opposite to be true.

paragraph: The Qur'an says in 15:87 "We have given thee seven of the oft-repeated (verses) and the great Qur'an." The seven often-repeated verses refer to "al-Fatihah", the first "sura" of the Qur'an, which Abdullah ibn Masud is alleged to have denied. However, quoting Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Ibn adh-Dhurays, Ibn al-Munzar and Ibn Mardwiyah, as-Suyuti narrated the following:

paragraph: It is narrated from Abdullah Ibn Masud, regarding the word of Allah, "We have given you the seven oft-repeated verses;" he said, "[It is] "Fatihatu al-Kitab"."

paragraph: In another narration, Abdullah ibn Masud was asked why he did not write "al-Fatihah" in his "mushaf". He replied, "If I were to write it, I would write it before every "sura"." Abu Bakr al-Anbari explains this saying every "raka’a" (in prayers) starts with "al-Fatiha" and then another "sura" is recited. It is as if Ibn Masud said, "I have dropped it for the sake of brevity and I have trusted its preservation by Muslims (collectively)."

paragraph: There are also narrations from Abdullah where he explicitly refers to "suras" 113 and 114 as surahs, for example: "Excessively recite two surahs. Allah will make you reach higher ranks in the Hereafter because of them. They are al-Mu'awwidhatayn (i.e. al-Falaq and an-Nas/nos. 113 & 114)…"

paragraph: Four "qira'at" of the Qur'an (Qira'at of Hamzah, 'Aasim, Khalaf, Al-Kisa'i) have chains of transmission ("isnad") going through Abdullah ibn Masud, and they all include the above three "suras". These are "mutawatir" chains and thus Islamic scholars give precedence to them, disregarding much weaker chains that go against it as inauthentic.

paragraph: For these reasons, Islamic scholars rejected the notion of Abdullah ibn Masud rejecting "suras". An-Nawawi says: "The Muslims have all agreed that al-Mu'awwidhatayn and al-Fatihah are part of the Qur'an and whoever denies this becomes a disbeliever and whatever is quoted from Ibn Masud in this regard is not true." Ibn Hazm also rejected the notion of Ibn Masud denying these "suras", along with the vast majority of Islamic scholars.

paragraph: Section::::The Caliphate of Uthman.:Conflict with Uthman.

paragraph: Eventually, Uthman recalled Abdullah to Medina. He walked into the mosque, where Uthman was speaking, but the Caliph broke off his speech to insult Abdullah. Aisha then interrupted with protests against this manner of speech "to a companion of Allah's Messenger". Uthman forbade Abdullah ever to leave Medina again and ordered him out of the mosque. His servants removed Abdullah so violently that they broke two of his ribs and, amid loud protests from Aisha, he had to be carried home.

paragraph: Uthman did not pay Abdullah's pension for the rest of his life.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Abdullah ibn Masud died in Medina in 653 and was buried by the night at Al-Baqi'. It is disputed whether it was Ammar ibn Yasir or Caliph Uthman who led his funeral prayers. He left a fortune of 90,000 "dirhams". Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awam petitioned the Caliph to give Abdullah's pension to his heirs "because they need it more than the treasury does." Uthman granted this request, although the exact value of the pension is disputed.

description: Disciple of Muhammad

wikidata_label: Abdullah ibn Masud

wikipedia_title: Abdullah ibn Masud


text: English

text: Conservative

text: politician

text: Winchester College

text: New College, Oxford

text: second-class degree

text: PPE

text: London

text: Johannesburg

text: Second World War

text: Ministry of Economic Warfare

text: Ministry of Production

text: ambassador

text: Lisbon

text: Madrid

text: Member of Parliament

text: Chippenham

text: by-election

text: Churchill

text: Eden

text: Macmillan

text: Minister of Works

text: 1953 Coronation

text: KCVO

text: Minister of Education

text: President of the Board of Trade

text: Chute in the County of Wiltshire

text: Edward Heath

text: Paymaster-General

text: Minister for the Arts

text: Arts Council of Great Britain

text: Arnold Goodman

text: Doctor of Science

text: Loughborough University

text: University of Bath

text: The Hon. Selina Eccles

text: Charles Carnegie, 10th Earl of Southesk

text: Mary Morley Crapo Hyde

categories: Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,1999 deaths,UK MPs 1935–1945,UK MPs 1959–1964,UK MPs 1951–1955,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1945–1950,People educated at Winchester College,Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour,UK MPs 1950–1951,Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,1904 births,United Kingdom Paymasters General,British Secretaries of State for Education,Alumni of New College, Oxford,UK MPs 1955–1959

paragraph: David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles

paragraph: David McAdam Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles (18 September 1904 – 24 February 1999), was an English Conservative politician.

paragraph: Section::::Education and early career.

paragraph: Eccles was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford, where he obtained a second-class degree in PPE. He worked with the Central Mining Corporation in London and Johannesburg. During the Second World War he worked for the Ministry of Economic Warfare from 1939 to 1940 and for the Ministry of Production from 1942 to 1943 and was Economic Adviser to the British ambassadors at Lisbon and Madrid from 1940 to 1942.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Eccles was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Chippenham in a wartime by-election in 1943, a seat he held until 1962. He served in the Conservative administrations of Churchill, Eden and Macmillan respectively as Minister of Works from 1951 to 1954 (in which position he helped organise the 1953 Coronation and was appointed KCVO), as Minister of Education from 1954 to 1957 and again from 1959 to 1962 and as President of the Board of Trade from 1957 to 1959. Eccles was also President of the Board of Trade in January 1957.

paragraph: In 1962 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Eccles, of Chute in the County of Wiltshire, and in 1964 he was created Viscount Eccles, of Chute in the County of Wiltshire. Lord Eccles returned to the government in 1970 when Edward Heath appointed him Paymaster-General and Minister for the Arts, a post he held until 1973. As Minister for the Arts he clashed with the Chairman of the Arts Council of Great Britain Arnold Goodman over the funding of controversial plays and exhibitions and introduced mandatory admission charges at public museums and galleries. Lord Eccles was made a Doctor of Science (DSc) in 1966 by Loughborough University. He also received an Honorary Science Doctorate from the University of Bath in 1972.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Eccles married, firstly, the Hon. Sybil Frances Dawson (1904–1977), daughter of Bertrand Dawson, 1st Viscount Dawson of Penn, on 1 October 1929. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Selina Eccles; m. firstly Robin Andrew Duthac Carnegie (grandson of Charles Carnegie, 10th Earl of Southesk); m. secondly George Petty-FitzMaurice, 8th Marquess of Lansdowne; became The Marchioness of Lansdowne

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. Simon Dawson Eccles

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hon. John Dawson Eccles; later 2nd Viscount Eccles (born on 20 April 1931)

paragraph: Widowed, he married again, this time to the book collector and philanthropist Mary Morley Crapo Hyde (1912–2003) on 26 September 1984.

paragraph: He died at age 94 at home of natural causes leaving an estate of approximately £2.4 million.

paragraph: Section::::Styles and honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mr David Eccles (1904–1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mr David Eccles MP (1943–1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir David Eccles KCVO MP (1953–1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. The Lord Eccles KCVO PC (1962–1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Eccles KCVO PC (1964–1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Eccles CH KCVO PC (1984–1999)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary, Viscountess Eccles: obituary, "The Independent", 5 September 2003

description: British politician

wikidata_label: David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles

wikipedia_title: David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles