text: American-British

text: screenwriter

text: detective fiction

text: Great Depression

text: Blackmailers Don't Shoot

text: Black Mask

text: pulp magazine

text: The Big Sleep

text: Robert B. Parker

text: Playback

text: hard-boiled

text: Dashiell Hammett

text: James M. Cain

text: protagonist

text: Philip Marlowe

text: Sam Spade

text: Humphrey Bogart

text: Farewell, My Lovely

text: The Little Sister

text: The Long Goodbye

text: Chicago

text: Plattsmouth, Nebraska

text: Upper Norwood

text: Croydon

text: Waterford

text: Max Adrian

text: Dulwich College

text: public school

text: P. G. Wodehouse

text: C. S. Forester

text: Munich

text: British subject

text: civil service

text: Admiralty

text: Daily Express

text: Western Gazette

text: romantic

text: Richard Barham Middleton

text: Canadian Expeditionary Force

text: Gordon Highlanders

text: Spanish flu

text: Royal Air Force

text: armistice

text: Dabney Oil Syndicate

text: Great Depression

text: pulp fiction

text: Perry Mason

text: Erle Stanley Gardner

text: The Big Sleep

text: Farewell, My Lovely

text: Murder My Sweet

text: Dick Powell

text: Billy Wilder

text: Double Indemnity

text: James M. Cain

text: novel of the same title

text: noir

text: Academy Award

text: The Blue Dahlia

text: denouement

text: John Houseman

text: Alfred Hitchcock

text: Strangers on a Train

text: Patricia Highsmith

text: novel

text: La Jolla

text: Universal Studios

text: Poodle Springs

text: Robert B. Parker

text: Perchance to Dream

text: Philip Marlowe, Private Eye

text: Library of Congress

text: Paul Sand

text: clinical depression

text: Sonia Orwell

text: George Orwell

text: Natasha Spender

text: Stephen Spender

text: holographic

text: codicil

text: Mount Hope Cemetery

text: John Wayne

text: San Diego Superior Court

text: Powers Boothe

text: W. H. Auden

text: Evelyn Waugh

text: Ian Fleming

text: Paul Levine

text: simile

text: Luger

text: private eye

text: pastiche

text: Spanish

text: Washington Post

text: Santa Monica

text: Silver Lake

text: San Fernando Valley

text: Playback

text: The Big Sleep

text: Howard Hawks

text: Humphrey Bogart

text: William Faulkner

text: Robert Altman

text: The Long Goodbye

text: The Simple Art of Murder

text: Cyberpunk

text: Cheap Truth

text: Vincent Omniaveritas

text: "Raymond Chandler: A Biography"

text: Bruccoli, Matthew J.

text: Shamus Town

text: "Down the Mean Streets with Philip Marlowe"

text: Photographs of Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles

text: Catherine Corman

text: The New Yorker

text: The Guardian

text: "Cheap Truth 11 - page 2"

categories: 20th-century English novelists,English mystery writers,Deaths from pneumonia,British Army personnel of World War I,American male short story writers,Novelists from Illinois,Gordon Highlanders soldiers,Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom,American male screenwriters,American detective writers,Writers from Chicago,20th-century American male writers,English male screenwriters,Screenwriters from Illinois,American emigrants to England,American male novelists,People from Upper Norwood,Edgar Award winners,American people of Irish descent,Canadian military personnel of World War I,1959 deaths,English screenwriters,Burials at Mount Hope Cemetery (San Diego),20th-century American novelists,Screenwriters from California,American people of English descent,Pulp fiction writers,American short story writers,English crime fiction writers,People educated at Dulwich College,Writers from Los Angeles,1888 births,American mystery writers,Civil servants in the Admiralty

paragraph: Raymond Chandler

paragraph: Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American-British novelist and screenwriter. In 1932, at the age of forty-four, Chandler became a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive during the Great Depression. His first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in 1933 in "Black Mask," a popular pulp magazine. His first novel, "The Big Sleep", was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published seven novels during his lifetime (an eighth, in progress at the time of his death, was completed by Robert B. Parker). All but "Playback" have been made into motion pictures, some more than once. In the year before his death, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America.

paragraph: Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature. He is considered to be a founder of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other "Black Mask" writers. The protagonist of his novels, Philip Marlowe, like Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with "private detective". Both were played in films by Humphrey Bogart, whom many consider to be the quintessential Marlowe.

paragraph: At least three of Chandler's novels have been regarded as masterpieces: "Farewell, My Lovely" (1940), "The Little Sister" (1949), and "The Long Goodbye" (1953). "The Long Goodbye" was praised in an anthology of American crime stories as "arguably the first book since Hammett's "The Glass Key", published more than twenty years earlier, to qualify as a serious and significant mainstream novel that just happened to possess elements of mystery". Chandler's reputation has grown in recent years.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Chandler was born in 1888 in Chicago, the son of Florence Dart (Thornton) and Maurice Benjamin Chandler. He spent his early years in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, living with his mother and father near his cousins and his aunt (his mother's sister) and uncle. Chandler's father, an alcoholic civil engineer who worked for the railway, abandoned the family. To obtain the best possible education for Ray, his mother, originally from Ireland, moved them to the area of Upper Norwood in what is now the London Borough of Croydon in 1900. Another uncle, a successful lawyer in Waterford, Ireland, supported them

paragraph: while they lived with Chandler's maternal grandmother. Raymond was a first cousin to the actor Max Adrian, a founder member of the Royal Shakespeare Company; Max's mother Mabel was a sister of Florence Thornton. Chandler was classically educated at Dulwich College, London (a public school whose alumni include the authors P. G. Wodehouse and C. S. Forester). He spent some of his childhood summers in Waterford with his mother's family. He did not go to university, instead spending time in Paris and Munich improving his foreign language skills. In 1907, he was naturalized as a British subject in order to take the civil service examination, which he passed. He then took an Admiralty job, lasting just over a year. His first poem was published during that time.

paragraph: Chandler disliked the servility of the civil service and resigned, to the consternation of his family, and became a reporter for the "Daily Express" and the Bristol "Western Gazette" newspapers. He was unsuccessful as a journalist, but he published reviews and continued writing romantic poetry. An encounter with the slightly older Richard Barham Middleton is said to have influenced him into postponing his career as writer. "I met... also a young, bearded, and sad-eyed man called Richard Middleton. ... Shortly afterwards he committed suicide in Antwerp, a suicide of despair, I should say. The incident made a great impression on me, because Middleton struck me as having far more talent than I was ever likely to possess; and if he couldn't make a go of it, it wasn't very likely that I could." Accounting for that time he said, "Of course in those days as now there were...clever young men who made a decent living as freelances for the numerous literary weeklies", but "I was distinctly not a clever young man. Nor was I at all a happy young man."

paragraph: In 1912, he borrowed money from his Waterford uncle, who expected it to be repaid with interest, and returned to America, visiting his aunt and uncle before settling in San Francisco for a time, where he took a correspondence course in bookkeeping, finishing ahead of schedule. His mother joined him there in late 1912. They moved to Los Angeles in 1913, where he strung tennis rackets, picked fruit and endured a time of scrimping and saving. He found steady employment with the Los Angeles Creamery. In 1917 he travelled to Vancouver where in August he enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force. He saw combat in the trenches in France with the Gordon Highlanders, was twice hospitalized with Spanish flu during the pandemic and was undergoing flight training in the fledgling Royal Air Force (RAF) when the war ended.

paragraph: After the armistice, he returned to Los Angeles by way of Canada, and soon began a love affair with Pearl Eugenie ("Cissy") Pascal, a married woman 18 years his senior and the stepmother of Gordon Pascal, with whom Chandler had enlisted. Cissy amicably divorced her husband, Julian, in 1920, but Chandler's mother disapproved of the relationship and refused to sanction the marriage. For the next four years Chandler supported both his mother and Cissy. After the death of Florence Chandler on September 26, 1923, he was free to marry Cissy. They were married on February 6, 1924. Having begun in 1922 as a bookkeeper and auditor, Chandler was by 1931 a highly paid vice president of the Dabney Oil Syndicate, but his alcoholism, absenteeism, promiscuity with female employees, and threatened suicides contributed to his dismissal a year later.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:As a writer.

paragraph: In straitened financial circumstances during the Great Depression, Chandler turned to his latent writing talent to earn a living, teaching himself to write pulp fiction by studying the Perry Mason stories of Erle Stanley Gardner. Chandler's first professional work, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in "Black Mask" magazine in 1933. "Chandler, who worked slowly and painstakingly, revising again and again, had taken five months to write the story. Erle Stanley Gardner could turn out a pulp story in three or four days—and turned out an estimated one thousand."

paragraph: His first novel, "The Big Sleep", was published in 1939, featuring the detective Philip Marlowe, speaking in the first person. In 1950, Chandler described in a letter to his English publisher, Hamish Hamilton, why he began reading pulp magazines and later wrote for them:

paragraph: Wandering up and down the Pacific Coast in an automobile I began to read pulp magazines, because they were cheap enough to throw away and because I never had at any time any taste for the kind of thing which is known as women's magazines. This was in the great days of the "Black Mask" (if I may call them great days) and it struck me that some of the writing was pretty forceful and honest, even though it had its crude aspect. I decided that this might be a good way to try to learn to write fiction and get paid a small amount of money at the same time. I spent five months over an 18,000 word novelette and sold it for $180. After that I never looked back, although I had a good many uneasy periods looking forward.

paragraph: His second Marlowe novel, "Farewell, My Lovely" (1940), became the basis for three movie versions adapted by other screenwriters, including the 1944 film "Murder My Sweet", which marked the screen debut of the Marlowe character, played by Dick Powell (whose depiction of Marlowe Chandler reportedly applauded). Literary success and film adaptations led to a demand for Chandler himself as a screenwriter. He and Billy Wilder co-wrote "Double Indemnity" (1944), based on James M. Cain's novel of the same title. The noir screenplay was nominated for an Academy Award. Said Wilder, "I would just guide the structure and I would also do a lot of the dialogue, and he (Chandler) would then comprehend and start constructing too." Wilder acknowledged that the dialogue which makes the film so memorable was largely Chandler's.

paragraph: Chandler's only produced original screenplay was "The Blue Dahlia" (1946). He had not written a denouement for the script and, according to producer John Houseman, Chandler agreed to complete the script only if drunk, which Houseman agreed to. The script gained Chandler's second Academy Award nomination for screenplay.

paragraph: Chandler collaborated on the screenplay of Alfred Hitchcock's "Strangers on a Train" (1951), an ironic murder story based on Patricia Highsmith's novel, which he thought implausible. Chandler clashed with Hitchcock to such an extent that they stopped talking, especially after Hitchcock heard Chandler had referred to him as "that fat bastard". Hitchcock reportedly made a show of throwing Chandler's two draft screenplays into the studio trash can while holding his nose, but Chandler retained the lead screenwriting credit along with Czenzi Ormonde.

paragraph: In 1946 the Chandlers moved to La Jolla, California, an affluent coastal neighborhood of San Diego, where Chandler wrote two more Philip Marlowe novels, "The Long Goodbye" and his last completed work, "Playback". The latter was derived from an unproduced courtroom drama screenplay he had written for Universal Studios.

paragraph: Four chapters of a novel, unfinished at his death, were transformed into a final Philip Marlowe novel, "Poodle Springs", by the mystery writer and Chandler admirer Robert B. Parker, in 1989. Parker shares the authorship with Chandler. Parker subsequently wrote a sequel to "The Big Sleep" entitled "Perchance to Dream", which was salted with quotes from the original novel. Chandler's final Marlowe short story, circa 1957, was entitled "The Pencil". It later provided the basis of an episode of the HBO miniseries (1983–86), "Philip Marlowe, Private Eye", starring Powers Boothe as Marlowe.

paragraph: In 2014, "The Princess and the Pedlar" (1917), a previously unknown comic operetta, with libretto by Chandler and music by Julian Pascal, was discovered among the uncatalogued holdings of the Library of Congress. The work was never published or produced. It has been dismissed by the Raymond Chandler estate as "no more than… a curiosity." A small team under the direction of the actor and director Paul Sand is seeking permission to produce the operetta in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life and death.

paragraph: Cissy Chandler died in 1954, after a long illness. Heartbroken and drunk, Chandler neglected to inter her cremated remains, and they sat for 57 years in a storage locker in the basement of Cypress View Mausoleum.

paragraph: After Cissy's death, Chandler's loneliness worsened his propensity for clinical depression; he returned to drinking alcohol, never quitting it for long, and the quality and quantity of his writing suffered. In 1955, he attempted suicide. In "The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved", Judith Freeman says it was "a cry for help," given that he called the police beforehand, saying he planned to kill himself. Chandler's personal and professional life were both helped and complicated by the women to whom he was attracted—notably Helga Greene, his literary agent; Jean Fracasse, his secretary; Sonia Orwell (George Orwell's widow); and Natasha Spender (Stephen Spender's wife). Chandler regained his U.S. citizenship in 1956.

paragraph: After a respite in England, he returned to La Jolla. He died at Scripps Memorial Hospital of pneumonial peripheral vascular shock and prerenal uremia (according to the death certificate) in 1959. Helga Greene inherited Chandler's $60,000 estate, after prevailing in a 1960 lawsuit filed by Fracasse contesting Chandler's holographic codicil to his will.

paragraph: Chandler is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery, in San Diego, California. As Frank MacShane noted in his biography, "The Life of Raymond Chandler", Chandler wished to be cremated and placed next to Cissy in Cypress View Mausoleum. Instead, he was buried in Mount Hope, because he had left no funeral or burial instructions.

paragraph: In 2010, Chandler historian Loren Latker, with the assistance of attorney Aissa Wayne (daughter of John Wayne), brought a petition to disinter Cissy's remains and reinter them with Chandler in Mount Hope. After a hearing in September 2010 in San Diego Superior Court, Judge Richard S. Whitney entered an order granting Latker's request.

paragraph: On February 14, 2011, Cissy's ashes were conveyed from Cypress View to Mount Hope and interred under a new grave marker above Chandler's, as they had wished. About 100 people attended the ceremony, which included readings by the Rev. Randal Gardner, Powers Boothe, Judith Freeman and Aissa Wayne. The shared gravestone reads, "Dead men are heavier than broken hearts", a quotation from "The Big Sleep". Chandler's original gravestone, placed by Jean Fracasse, is still at the head of his grave; the new one is at the foot.

paragraph: Section::::Views on pulp fiction.

paragraph: In his introduction to "Trouble Is My Business" (1950), a collection of four of his short stories, Chandler provided insight on the formula for the detective story and how the pulp magazines differed from previous detective stories:

paragraph: Chandler also described the struggle that writers of pulp fiction had in following the formula demanded by the editors of the pulp magazines:

paragraph: Section::::Critical reception.

paragraph: Critics and writers, including W. H. Auden, Evelyn Waugh and Ian Fleming, greatly admired Chandler's prose. In a radio discussion with Chandler, Fleming said that Chandler offered "some of the finest dialogue written in any prose today". Contemporary mystery writer Paul Levine has described Chandler's style as the "literary equivalent of a quick punch to the gut." Chandler's swift-moving, hardboiled style was inspired mostly by Dashiell Hammett, but his sharp and lyrical similes are original: "The muzzle of the Luger looked like the mouth of the Second Street tunnel"; "He had a heart as big as one of Mae West's hips"; "Dead men are heavier than broken hearts"; "I went back to the seasteps and moved down them as cautiously as a cat on a wet floor." Chandler's writing redefined the private eye fiction genre, led to the coining of the adjective "Chandleresque," and inevitably became the subject of parody and pastiche. Yet the detective Philip Marlowe is not a stereotypical tough guy, but a complex, sometimes sentimental man with few friends, who attended university, who speaks some Spanish and sometimes admires Mexicans, and who is a student of chess and classical music. He is a man who refuses a prospective client's fee for a job he considers unethical.

paragraph: The high regard in which Chandler is generally held today is in contrast to the critical sniping that stung the author during his lifetime. In a March 1942 letter to Blanche Knopf, published in "Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler", he wrote, "The thing that rather gets me down is that when I write something that is tough and fast and full of mayhem and murder, I get panned for being tough and fast and full of mayhem and murder, and then when I try to tone down a bit and develop the mental and emotional side of a situation, I get panned for leaving out what I was panned for putting in the first time."

paragraph: Although his work enjoys general acclaim today, Chandler has been criticized for certain aspects of his writing. The "Washington Post" reviewer Patrick Anderson described his plots as "rambling at best and incoherent at worst" (notoriously, even Chandler did not know who murdered the chauffeur in "The Big Sleep") and criticized Chandler's treatment of black, female, and homosexual characters, calling him a "rather nasty man at times". Anderson nevertheless praised Chandler as "probably the most lyrical of the major crime writers".

paragraph: Chandler's short stories and novels are evocatively written, conveying the time, place and ambiance of Los Angeles and environs in the 1930s and 1940s. The places are real, if pseudonymous: Bay City is Santa Monica, Gray Lake is Silver Lake, and Idle Valley a synthesis of wealthy San Fernando Valley communities.

paragraph: "Playback" is the only one of his novels not to have been cinematically adapted. Arguably the most notable adaptation is "The Big Sleep" (1946), by Howard Hawks, with Humphrey Bogart as Philip Marlowe. William Faulkner was a co-writer of the screenplay. Chandler's few screenwriting efforts and the cinematic adaptation of his novels proved stylistically and thematically influential on the American "film noir" genre. Notable for its revised take on both the Marlowe character, transplanting the novel to the 1970s, is Robert Altman's 1973 neo-noir adaptation of "The Long Goodbye".

paragraph: Chandler was also a perceptive critic of detective fiction; his essay "The Simple Art of Murder" is the canonical essay in the field.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: In the 11th issue of the influential Cyberpunk fanzine "Cheap Truth", Vincent Omniaveritas conducted a fictitious interview with Chandler. The interview opines that Chandler's views towards the potential for respectability in pulp and genre fiction could also be applied to Science Fiction, specifically the Cyberpunk movement. It also derides Chandler's now-famous 1953 caricature of pulp Science Fiction.

paragraph: In the 2012 documentary, The Doors: Mr. Mojo Risin'- The Story Of L.A. Woman, keyboardist, Ray Manzarack describes Jim Morrison's L.A. Woman's lyrics “Another lost angel in the city of night.” “The lyrics were so good. So Raymond Chandler, so Nathanial West, so 1930's, 40's, dark seemy side of Los Angeles. A place where Jim would easily go”.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chandler, Raymond (1950). "Trouble is My Business". Vintage Books, 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chandler, Raymond (1962). "Raymond Chandler Speaking". Dorothy Gardiner and Kathrine Sorley Walker, eds. Houghton Mifflin. p. 24. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chandler, Raymond, (1969). Foreword by Powell, Lawrence Clark. "The Raymond Chandler Omnibus", Borzoi Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Day, Barry, (2015). "The World of Raymond Chandler: In His Own Words". Vintage Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiney, Tom (1997). "Raymond Chandler: A Biography". Grove Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pronzini, Bill; Jack Adrian (eds). (1995). "Hard-Boiled, An Anthology of American Crime Stories", Oxford University Press.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruccoli, Matthew J., ed. (1973). "Chandler Before Marlowe: Raymond Chandler's Early Prose and Poetry, 1908–1912". Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chandler, Raymond (1976). "The Blue Dahlia" (screenplay). Carbondale and Edwardsville, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chandler, Raymond (1985). "Raymond Chandler's Unknown Thriller" (unfilmed screenplay for "Playback"). New York: The Mysterious Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorothy Gardiner and Katherine Sorley Walker, eds. (1962), "Raymond Chandler Speaking". Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freeman, Judith (2007). "The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved". N.Y.: Pantheon. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gross, Miriam (1977). "The World of Raymond Chandler". New York: A & W Publishers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiney, Tom (1999). "Raymond Chandler". New York: Grove Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiney, Tom and MacShane, Frank, eds. (2000). "The Raymond Chandler Papers: Selected Letters and Nonfiction, 1909–1959". New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howe, Alexander N. "The Detective and the Analyst: Truth, Knowledge, and Psychoanalysis in the Hard-Boiled Fiction of Raymond Chandler." "Clues: A Journal of Detection" 24.4 (Summer 2006): 15-29.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howe, Alexander N. (2008). "It Didn't Mean Anything: A Psychoanalytic Reading of American Detective Fiction". North Carolina: McFarland. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacShane, Frank (1976). "The Life of Raymond Chandler". New York: E.P. Dutton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacShane, Frank (1976). "The Notebooks of Raymond Chandler & English Summer: A Gothic Romance". New York: The Ecco Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacShane, Frank, ed. (1981). "Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler". New York: Columbia University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moss, Robert (2002.) "Raymond Chandler: A Literary Reference" New York: Carrol & Graf.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swirski, Peter (2005). "Raymond Chandler's Aesthetics of Irony" in "From Lowbrow to Nobrow". Montreal, London: McGill-Queen's University. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ward, Elizabeth and Alain Silver (1987). "Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles". Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An essay on Chandler and Los Angeles history by William Marling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shamus Town The Los Angeles of Philip Marlowe where Raymond Chandler lived, worked and wrote about.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Down the Mean Streets with Philip Marlowe" BBC streaming audio programme on Chandler

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photographs of Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles by Catherine Corman at "The New Yorker"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chandler's double identity: Adrian Wootton on a writer's secret cameo"; "The Guardian", June 5, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cheap Truth 11 - page 2"; "Fanac", September 1, 2017

description: American novelist and screenwriter

enwikiquote_title: Raymond Chandler

wikidata_label: Raymond Chandler

wikipedia_title: Raymond Chandler


text:
philology
Gujarati language
Petlad
Gujarat
Prakrit
Ahmedabad
Pali
Apabhramsa
Ardha Magadhi
Gujarat Vernacular Society
Buddhiprakash
J. V. S. Taylor
Yajnavalkya

categories: 19th-century Indian poets,1825 births,People from Anand district,Indian male poets,Indian editors,Poets from Gujarat,Gujarati-language writers,1892 deaths,Gujarati-language poets,19th-century male writers,Indian philologists,19th-century Indian biographers

paragraph: Vrajlal Shastri

paragraph: Vrajlal Kalidas Shastri is a pioneer of philology in Gujarati language and writer who wrote books on Gujarati language.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born on 26 November 1825 in Malataj, a village in Petlad, Gujarat. He took his primary education in his village Malataj. He had studied Sanskrit poetry and grammar in Sanskrit "pathshala"s. He also studied Prakrit grammar and literature. He taught Sanskrit at Jain Mandir, Ahmedabad. Due to Jain religious books, he became familiar with Prakrit-Pali, Apabhramsa, Ardha Magadhi so he wrote books on philology of Gujarati. He worked with Gujarat Vernacular Society and Dharma Sabha and edited their two journals, "Buddhiprakash" and "Dharmaprakash". He had a long career of twenty five years as a researcher and scholar.

paragraph: He died on 14 November 1892.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He had written fifteen books. His books on Gujarati language include "Gujarati Bhashano Itihas" (1866), "Utsargmala" (1870), "Gurjar Bhasha Prakash" (1892). His "Utsargama" is a pioneer work in philology of Gujarati. He also compiled, with J. V. S. Taylor, "Dhatusangraha" (1870), an etymological dictionary of Gujarati roots.

paragraph: His "Rasganga" is a work on poetics. "Chandrahas Akhyana" and "Muktamala" are his other creative works. "Yagnavalkyacharit" is a biography of sage Yajnavalkya in a dialogue form which is an only biography in such form in Gujarati. "Hitopadesh Shabdartha" (1870) and "Vaisheshik Tarksaar" (1898; posthumously) are also his significant works.

description: Gujarati author from India

wikidata_label: Vrajlal Shastri

wikipedia_title: Vrajlal Shastri


text: hurler

text: Beagh

text: Galway senior hurling team

text: Beagh

text: All-Ireland quarter-final

text: Antrim

text: Parnell Park

text: Dublin

text: Croke Park

text: All-Ireland semi-final

text: Wexford

text: Leinster Championship

text: Wexford

text: All-Ireland

text: Cork

text: National Hurling League

text: Cork

text: Westmeath

text: Cusack Park

text: Tipperary

text: Leinster Championship

text: Tipperary

text: Patrick Maher

text: the Sunday Game

text: Barry Kelly

text: Waterford

text: Limerick

text: All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship

text: Leinster Senior Hurling Championship

text: National Hurling League

text: All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship

paragraph: Adrian Tuohey

paragraph: Adrian Tuohey (born 14 May 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays as a right corner-back for club side Beagh and at inter-county level with the Galway senior hurling team.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Club.

paragraph: Tuohey joined the Beagh club at a young age and played in all grades at juvenile and underage levels before joining the club's top adult team.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Inter-county.:Minor and under-21.

paragraph: Tuohey first played for Galway as a member of the minor hurling team on 23 July 2011. He made his first appearance in an 8-26 to 0-12 All-Ireland quarter-final defeat of Antrim at Parnell Park. On 4 September 2011, Tuohey was at right wing-back in Galway's 1-21 to 1-12 defeat of Dublin in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park.

paragraph: As a member of the Galway under-21 hurling team, Tuohey made his only appearance on 23 August 2014 in a 1-21 to 1-19 All-Ireland semi-final defeat by Wexford.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Inter-county.:Intermediate.

paragraph: On 1 July 2015, Tuohey made his first appearance for the Galway intermediate hurling team. He later won a Leinster Championship medal following Galway's 1-20 to 0-11 defeat of Wexford in the final. On 8 August 2015, Tuoehy won an All-Ireland medal after Galway's 0-23 to 0-14 defeat of Cork in the final.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Inter-county.:Senior.

paragraph: Tuohey made his first appearance for the Galway senior hurling team in a 1-27 to 1-21 National Hurling League defeat of Cork on 14 February 2016. He later made his championship debut on 5 June 2016 in a 3-27 to 0-19 defeat of Westmeath at Cusack Park.

paragraph: On 23 April 2017, Tuohey was at right corner-back when Galway defeated Tipperary by 3-21 to 0-14 to win the National Hurling League. Later that season he won his first Leinster Championship medal after Galway's 0-29 to 1-17 defeat of Wexford in the final. Following Galway's All-Ireland semi-final defeat of Tipperary, there was speculation that Tuohey would receive some sanction from the CCCC after footage of him pulling the helmet from Tipperary player Patrick Maher’s head was shown on "the Sunday Game". The incident wasn’t dealt with by referee Barry Kelly or his officials, however, the CCCC took no subsequent action. On 3 September 2017, Tuohey started for Galway at right corner-back when they won their first All-Ireland in 29 years after a 0-26 to 2-17 defeat of Waterford in the final.

paragraph: On 8 July 2018, Tuohey won a second successive Leinster Championship medal following Galway's 1-28 to 3-15 defeat of Kilkenny in the final. On 19 August 2018, he lined out at left corner-back in Galway's 3-16 to 2-18 All-Ireland final defeat by Limerick.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Galway

paragraph: BULLET::::- All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 2017, 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Hurling League (1): 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leinster Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship (1): 2011

description: Irish hurler

wikidata_label: Adrian Tuohy

wikipedia_title: Adrian Tuohey


text:
chancellor
State of Qi
Spring and Autumn period
given name
courtesy name
Duke Huan of Qi
Bao Shuya
Confucians
Five Hegemons
Guanzi
Shiji
Duke Xiang of Qi
Gongsun Wuzhi
State of Lu
State of Ju
well-field system
Zhou Dynasty
Legalist
traditional Chinese clothing
State of Qi
levies
brothel
Zuo Zhuan
Duke Huan of Qi
State of Xing
Quan Rong
Hegemon
Lü Buwei
Qin Shi Huang
Guanzi
Economic Warfare
Guanzi
Warring States period
Jixia Academy
Koei
Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI

categories: Chinese chancellors,7th-century BC Chinese people,8th-century BC Chinese people,Politicians from Fuyang,Zhou dynasty philosophers,Chinese jurists,Chinese encyclopedists,720 BC births,Philosophers of law,Legalism (Chinese philosophy),645 BC deaths,Zhou dynasty politicians

paragraph: Guan Zhong

paragraph: Guan Zhong (; c. 720–645 BC) was a Chinese philosopher and politician. He served as chancellor and was a reformer of the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. His given name was Yiwu (). "Zhong" was his courtesy name. He is mainly remembered for his reforms as chancellor under Duke Huan of Qi, as well as his friendship with his colleague Bao Shuya, though his reputation remained controversial among the Confucians, as detailed in the Philosophy and appraisal section.

paragraph: Through Guan Zhong's reforms and skilful diplomacy Qi became the most powerful of the feudal states and Duke Huan became the first of the Five Hegemons. Though knowledge of his reforms is limited, in particular he instituted a famous fiscal policy known as "balancing the light and the heavy", associated with salt and iron monopolies. Though otherwise a diverse work, the Guanzi compilation making use of his name makes similar such recommendations.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Youth and friendship with Bao Shuya.

paragraph: Guan Zhong was born in Yingshang, and became acquainted with Bao Shuya at an early age, when they became business partners. The Shiji records that, as partner, Guan Zhong often took more than his share of the profits, in effect cheating Bao Shuya. Bao, however, recognised his impoverished background and was not offended.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Tutors of different princes.

paragraph: Subsequently, Guan Zhong was appointed tutor to Prince Jiu, the younger brother of the ruling Duke Xiang of Qi. Bao Shuya, meanwhile, became tutor to Jiu's younger brother, Prince Xiaobai.

paragraph: In 686 BC, Duke Xiang was murdered in a palace coup by two of his ministers, who then installed Gongsun Wuzhi, a scion of the ducal house, as the new Duke. Recognising that they were in mortal danger, both Prince Jiu and Prince Xiaobai fled with their respective tutors. Prince Jiu fled to the State of Lu, while Prince Xiaobai went to the State of Ju.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Becoming chancellor.

paragraph: In 685 BC, Gongsun Wuzhi himself was killed in another palace coup, and the ministers of Qi sent envoys to Ju, hoping to receive Prince Xiaobai back and succeed to the duchy. On hearing of this, Lu also sent Prince Jiu towards Qi, while Guan Zhong intercepted Prince Xiaobai to prevent his return. In the resulting conflict, Guan Zhong shot an arrow at Xiaobai which hit his belt buckle. Xiaobai pretended to cough blood and collapse, tricking Guan Zhong into thinking he was mortally wounded.

paragraph: Eventually, Xiaobai won the race back to Qi, and was installed as Duke. The State of Lu attempted to enforce Prince Jiu's claim, but was defeated in battle, after which Qi forced Lu to execute Prince Jiu and send Guan Zhong back as a prisoner. Xiaobai originally wanted to execute Guan Zhong as well, but Bao Shuya strongly recommended sparing him and elevating him to chancellor, even though that meant he would outrank Bao himself. Xiaobai was eventually convinced.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Domestic reforms.

paragraph: Duke Huan had inherited a state in turmoil, after three years of civil wars and usurpation had severely depleted the treasury. As Chancellor, Guan Zhong instituted extensive reforms aimed at organising and strengthening the Qi state.

paragraph: Administratively, the capital was divided into 21 districts: six of merchants, which provided the Qi state's trade revenue, and fifteen of attendants, which provided the core of the Qi army. Similarly, the population outside the capital was organised: 30 households were formed into one village, 10 villages as one troop, 10 troops as one district, 3 districts as one county, and counties grouped into five regions. Administrators were appointed at every level, with the regional administrators reporting on their jurisdictions to the Duke every year.

paragraph: Economically, Guan Zhong disbanded the well-field system instituted since the Zhou Dynasty; instead, all land was to be taxed according to its productivity. At the same time, Qi's coastal position was exploited through the expansion of fisheries and salt production, while trade was encouraged through certain privileges. For instance, people bearing goods to market on foot, and carriages arriving empty at markets to make purchases, were not subject to tolls; this encouraged the use of the state-managed markets.

paragraph: Guan Zhong further proposed that the "goods of the mountains and seas" (namely iron and salt) should be state managed, a policy that would evolve into state monopolies later in Chinese history. Similarly, a price-regulation scheme existed for food, with granaries buying grain in bounty years to be released into the market in lean years. Finally, coinage was also unified to encourage trade within Qi.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy and appraisal.

paragraph: Guan Zhong was disparagingly identified with the Legalist school as a result of his administrative reforms. Though actually legalistic philosophy did not develop until hundreds of years later, R. Eno of Indiana University does consider that "If one were to trace the origins of Legalism as far back as possible, it might be appropriate to date its beginnings to the prime ministership of Guan Zhong, chief aide to the first of the hegemonic lords of the Spring Autumn period, Duke Huan of Qi (r. 685–643)."

paragraph: He is said to have indulged in a luxurious lifestyle, did not equate a ruler's moral purity with his ability to govern. Duke Huan, who loved hunting and women, asked Guan if these indulgences would harm his hegemony, to which Guan replied that the ruler's love for luxury would not harm his hegemony. It would only be harmed through inappropriate staffing and misuse of talent. One passage "recounts" Confucius as considering him "mediocre" for his lack of frugality and knowledge of ritual.

paragraph: Despite all this, he might be considered, "at least in most respects" an "ideal Confucian minister". Guan Zhong is reported to have advised Duke Huan: 'Summon the wavering with courtesy and cherish the remote with virtuous conduct. So long as your virtuous conduct and courtesy never falter, there will be no one who does not cherish you.'" When Duke Huan was approached to dethrone the ruling clans of his state, Guan Zhong advised him that he had won their adherence through politeness ("li") and trustworthiness ("xin").

paragraph: When Confucius's students criticized Guan Zhong as lacking propriety, crediting his ambition and achievement Confucius said of him that "It was due to Guan Zhong that Duke Huan was able to assemble the feudal lords on numerous occasions without resorting to the use of his war chariots. Such was his goodness! … Through having Guan Zhong as his minister Duke Huan became protector over the feudal lords. He brought unity and order to the entire realm so that even today people enjoy his gifts to them … I am afraid that without Guan Zhong we would be folding our lapels right-over-left (traditional Chinese clothing customarily is folded left-over-right)."

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.

paragraph: Guan Zhong started multiple reforms in the State of Qi. Politically, he centralized power and divided the state into different villages, each carrying out a specific trade. Instead of relying on the traditional aristocracy for manpower, he applied levies to the village units directly. He also developed a better method for choosing talent to be governors. Under Guan Zhong, Qi shifted administrative responsibility from hereditary aristocrats to professional bureaucrats. He is also credited for creating the first official government sponsored brothel known as "女市" which funded the government treasury.

paragraph: During his term of office, the State of Qi became much stronger. The "Zuo Zhuan" records that in 660 BC, Guan Zhong urged Duke Huan of Qi to attack the small neighboring State of Xing which was under attack from Quan Rong nomads, a non-Chinese Rong tribes. Later, in 652 BC he advised the duke not to ally with a vassal ruler's son who wished to depose his father. Duke Huan often listened to Guan Zhong's sound advice such that his status amongst other Zhou vassal states rose. As a result, the duke came to be recognized as the first Hegemon or leader of the vassal alliance.

paragraph: In recognition of Guan Zhong's service, Duke Huan gave him the honorary title of "Godfather" (仲父). Same title was later given to Lü Buwei by Prince Zheng, the future Qin Shi Huang.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.:State Monopoly on Salt and Iron.

paragraph: Under Guan's guidance several important economic reforms were introduced. He created a uniform tax code and also used state power to encourage the production of salt and iron.

paragraph: He believed that monopolizing the nature resources was helpful on improving the government income, with fewer complaints from the public than raising taxes. The strategy was described by himself to the Duke of Huan as “managing the mountain and the sea（官山海）”, which mainly refers to iron mine from the mountain and salt from the sea. Under his policy, private business who produce salt by boiling seawater and iron by mining must sell all outputs to the government, and the government resell refined salt and iron products, with huge price gap, to all household in State of Qi.

paragraph: Historians usually credit Guan Zhong for introducing state monopolies controlling salt and iron.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.:Qi-Hengshan War.

paragraph: In the record of Guanzi Chapter 84, Duke of Huan wanted to restrain the threat from State of Hengshan（衡山国）and asked Guan for solution. State of Hengshan was famous for its weapon production. Guan then ordered officials to buy arms from State of Hengshan in large quantities. After ten months, worrying that the price will continuously grow up, State of Yan, State of Dai and later State of Qin followed up the buying. The price then jumped sharply and, as a result, almost all household in State of Hengshan switched to make weapons instead of farming. One year later, Guan ordered officials to buy rice from State of Zhao, at a price more than three times higher than normal. By seeing the potential huge profit, State of Hengshan sold its rice inventory to officials from State of Qi. Afterwards, Guan suddenly ordered State of Qi's army to invade State of Hengshan. With selling out of weapon and rice, State of Hengshan soon surrendered.

paragraph: Some historians marked Qi-Hengshan War the early form of Economic Warfare.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.:Publications.

paragraph: He is listed as the author of the "Guanzi" encyclopedia, actually a much later (of the late Warring States period) compilation of works from the scholars of the Jixia Academy.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Guan Zhong is one of 32 historical personages featured in the Koei game "Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI", where he is referred to as Guan Yiwu.

description: Chinese chancellor and reformer

wikidata_label: Guan Zhong

wikipedia_title: Guan Zhong


text: Canadian Cabinet

text: Liberal

text: Pierre Trudeau

text: British Columbia

text: Granville Island

text: Vancouver

text: Winnipeg

text: Manitoba

text: Comox, British Columbia

text: University of British Columbia

text: House of Commons of Canada

text: Member of Parliament

text: Vancouver—Burrard

text: 1963 election

text: 1965 election

text: riding

text: Vancouver Centre

text: Minister of State

text: Minister of National Revenue

text: Minister of Justice

text: expressway

text: Gastown

text: Chinatown

text: Mulroney

text: SI

text: clemency

text: abortion

text: Henry Morgentaler

text: capital punishment

text: Canadian Human Rights Act

text: equal pay for equal work

text: 1979 election

categories: Politicians from Winnipeg,1932 births,2005 deaths,Liberal Party of Canada MPs,Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia,Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada,Members of the 20th Canadian Ministry

paragraph: Ron Basford

paragraph: Stanley Ronald "Ron" Basford, (April 22, 1932 – January 31, 2005) was a long-time Canadian Cabinet minister in the Liberal government of Pierre Trudeau. Based in British Columbia, he was known as "Mr. Granville Island" for his support of the Granville Island redevelopment project in Vancouver.

paragraph: Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba Basford moved with his mother to Comox, British Columbia, following the death of his father, where he completed his last three years of high school. He then attended the University of British Columbia, earning a Law degree in 1956. Following his period of Articles, he was admitted to the Bar, and practised law for the next six years.

paragraph: Basford had become interested in politics in his early teenage years and was very active in the Liberal Party while at university. He was nominated as the Liberal candidate in Vancouver Burrard in March, 1962, and contested the election in June of that year, at the age of 29, losing by 94 votes.

paragraph: Basford was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as the Liberal Member of Parliament for Vancouver—Burrard in the 1963 election and was re-elected in the 1965 election. From 1968 to 1979, he represented the riding of Vancouver Centre.

paragraph: In 1968, Trudeau brought Basford into cabinet as Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs. He subsequently served as Minister of State for Urban Affairs (1972–1974), Minister of National Revenue (1974–1975) and Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (1975–1978).

paragraph: As Vancouver's leading cabinet minister, Basford is credited with helping to scuttle plans for an expressway along the city's waterfront that would have levelled the Gastown and Chinatown neighbourhoods, for encouraging local planning and neighbourhood improvement, and for helping win federal support for the construction of thousands of units of co-operative housing in the city.

paragraph: As Consumer and Corporate Affairs minister, Basford shepherded the passage of legislation that dramatically reduced pharmaceutical prices. This gave Canada the lowest drug prices in the industrialized world into the late 1980s when the legislation was repealed by the Mulroney government. Basford also had passed into law the "Hazardous Products Act" that eliminated flammable children's bedding and clothing from the market. His most controversial move, at the time, was the adoption of the SI (metric) system as Canada's official standard of weights and measures. This provoked strong opposition from many Canadians, but has since been accepted.

paragraph: During his 30 months as Minister of State for Urban Affairs, Basford led the new Ministry into the uncharted waters of Federal/Provincial/Municipal consultation and cooperation through the development of Tri Level Concerences and working groups, improving the relationships among Canada's three levels of government. At the same time, he sponsored a complete revision of the National Housing Act, which initiated an era of wider programs of social housing and financial aid to municipalities through the Neighbourhood Improvement Program and the Residential Rehabilitation Assistance Program.

paragraph: As Justice minister, Basford arranged a clemency agreement that kept abortion rights campaigner and practitioner Henry Morgentaler out of jail. He was also Justice minister in 1977 when Canada abolished capital punishment, and when the "Canadian Human Rights Act" was amended to require equal pay for equal work regardless of gender.

paragraph: Basford retired from cabinet in 1978, as the longest-serving Minister from BC since Confederation, and did not run in the 1979 election. He practised law with the Vancouver law firm of Davis and Company, and was named Coordinator by the governments of BC and Canada of the complex Northeast Coal Development in 1982.

description: Canadian politician

wikidata_label: Ron Basford

wikipedia_title: Ron Basford


text:
German
mathematician
RWTH Aachen University
Frankfurt
Hesse-Nassau
David Hilbert
Mathematische Annalen
Civil Service Act of 1933
Hitler became Chancellor
RWTH Aachen University
Utrecht
Westerbork
concentration camp
Theresienstadt
Bohemia
Czech Republic
Joukowsky's
complex
Stigler's Law

categories: Jews who emigrated to escape Nazism,University of Marburg faculty,19th-century German mathematicians,People from Frankfurt,German Jews who died in the Holocaust,University of Göttingen alumni,1944 deaths,20th-century German mathematicians,People from Hesse-Nassau,1876 births,People who died in the Theresienstadt Ghetto,Mathematicians involved with Mathematische Annalen,RWTH Aachen University faculty,People dismissed from faculty positions by Nazi Germany,German civilians killed in World War II,University of Göttingen faculty

paragraph: Otto Blumenthal

paragraph: Ludwig Otto Blumenthal (20 July 1876 – 12 November 1944) was a German mathematician and professor at RWTH Aachen University.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau. A student of David Hilbert, Blumenthal was an editor of "Mathematische Annalen". When the Civil Service Act of 1933 became law in 1933, after Hitler became Chancellor, Blumenthal was dismissed from his position at RWTH Aachen University.

paragraph: Blumenthal, who was of Jewish background, emigrated from the Nazis to the Netherlands, lived in Utrecht and was deported via Westerbork to the concentration camp, Theresienstadt in Bohemia (now Czech Republic), where he died.

paragraph: In 1913, Blumenthal made a fundamental, though often overlooked, contribution to aerodynamics by building on Joukowsky's work to extract the complex transformation that carries the latter's name, making it an example of Stigler's Law.

description: German mathematician

wikidata_label: Otto Blumenthal

wikipedia_title: Otto Blumenthal


text:
Prince
Moldavia
Soutzos family
Phanariotes
Michael Soutzos
Alexander Mourouzis
Osman Pazvantoğlu
Manef Ibrahim
Râmnicu Vâlcea
Govora
Bucharest
Brașov
Vălenii de Munte
Colentina
Moldavia
Transylvania
Bimbașa Sava
Cotroceni

categories: Rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia,Rulers of Moldavia,18th-century rulers in Europe,Dragomans of the Porte,Soutzos family,1803 deaths,1730 births

paragraph: Michael Drakos Soutzos

paragraph: Michael Drakos Soutzos (; ) (1730-1803) was a Prince of Moldavia between 1792 and 1795. A member of the Soutzos family of Phanariotes, he was the grandfather of Michael Soutzos, himself a ruler of Moldavia between 1819 and 1821.

paragraph: Section::::Third ruler of Wallachia.

paragraph: His predecessor, Alexander Mourouzis, frightened by the incursions of Osman Pazvantoğlu asked to be dismissed and for that, he paid money to the Ottoman authorities. In April 1801, Pazvantoğlu's troops continued their raids in Wallachia under the command of Manef Ibrahim, defeating the Ottoman Army despite having only a thousand horsemen, compared to the Ottoman side which had 8,000 troops.

paragraph: They took Râmnicu Vâlcea, Govora and moved toward Bucharest. By May 15, 1802 most of the inhabitants of the city fled toward Brașov and Vălenii de Munte.

paragraph: On May 18, the Albanian and Turkish troops of Bucharest asked for their payment and Suțu promised them to pay in two days, after which he left for Colentina, outside the city. The boyars, who were supposed to wait for Soutzos, heard rumours about unrest at the Royal Court and thought that Suțu was killed, so they left toward Moldavia. Suțu, having not found the boyars at the Ghica house of Colentina, left for Transylvania.

paragraph: As Bimbașa Sava, the commander of the Bucharest garrison, saw that Soutzos had left without paying them, he started following Soutzos. This left Bucharest without any troops, allowing tramps to organize in gangs, which robbed the Royal Court. Their leader, Melanos, took the royal hat and marched on the streets of Bucharest, wanting to set Bucharest on fire, which was prevented by the intervention of a Turkish unit from Cotroceni.

paragraph: Due to his exile, Soutzos was deposed by the Ottomans in the summer of 1802.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ștefan Ionescu, "Bucureștii în vremea fanarioților" ("Bucharest in the Time of the Phanariotes"), Editura Dacia, Cluj, 1974.

description: Ruler of Moldavia

wikidata_label: Mihai Suțu

wikipedia_title: Michael Drakos Soutzos


text: Italian

text: nobleman

text: ancient feudal

text: noble

text: baron

text: House of Tramontano

text: Sorrento

text: Matera

text: Southern Italy

text: region

text: Basilicata

text: Naples

text: Ferdinand II of Aragon

text: title

text: Count

text: Castle

text: baronies

text: kingdom

text: Countess

text: royal court

text: Queen

text: aristocracy

text: tax

text: mass

text: political

text: commissary

text: Il Conte di Matera

text: Luigi Capuano

text: Virna Lisi

text: Otello Toso

text: House of Tramontano

text: City of Matera

text: Information about Castle Tramontano

categories: Counts of Italy,1451 births,People from Matera

paragraph: Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Count of Matera

paragraph: Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Baron of Sorrento, Count of Matera (born in 1451 as Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Baron of Sorrento, died in 1514) was an Italian nobleman who belonged to the ancient feudal noble family of the barons of the House of Tramontano.

paragraph: The Baron of Sorrento was often called "Giancarlo" or "Gian Carlo", short for Giovanni Carlo.

paragraph: Section::::Count of Matera.

paragraph: The Baron Giovanni Carlo Tramontano of Sorrento was on October 1, 1497, given the city of Matera in the Southern Italy region of Basilicata as his county by the King in Naples, Ferdinand II of Aragon.

paragraph: Giancarlo Baron Tramontano was given the title "Count of Matera" and built the famous "Castello Tramontano" ("Castle Tramontano").

paragraph: Section::::A visit in Naples.

paragraph: After 9 years as the ruler of Matera the Count almost lost his power in 1506. King Ferdinand II did announce on October 9, 1506 that he intended to remove counties and baronies from several counts and barons in the kingdom because he wanted to give them to a group of Spanish noblemen.

paragraph: In hope of being able to keep his county Count Giovanni Carlo and his wife Countess Elisabetta Restigliano went to the royal court in Naples where the Countess gave the Queen a gold necklace with 25 very valuable pearls worth 700 ducates.

paragraph: As a result, the King permitted Count Gian Carlo Tramontano of Matera to keep his county.

paragraph: Section::::The people rebel.

paragraph: The aristocracy and the people of Matera considered the Count arrogant, a tyrant and a ruler without mercy—especially because he demanded a lot of taxes from the people so that he could live in luxury.

paragraph: On December 28, 1514 the Count demanded that the aristocracy and the people pay him 24.000 ducates—so that the Count could pay his debts.

paragraph: The people wouldn't accept this. On December 29, 1514, Count Giancarlo and his wife Countess Elisabetta went to mass. When the Count and the Countess came out of the church the Count was beaten to death by a group of rebellious men. The Countess was allowed to escape.

paragraph: After the murder the church bells rang constantly to mark the death of the Count. The people of Matera celebrated this event.

paragraph: The King in Naples considered the murder of Count Gian Carlo a political assassination and a way to hit the throne. Therefore, he sent a commissary to Matera to solve the crime. Four innocent men were hanged but the guilty criminals were never found.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: "Il Conte di Matera" ("The Count of Matera"), a 1957 film directed by Luigi Capuano, starring Virna Lisi and Otello Toso.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Tramontano

paragraph: BULLET::::- City of Matera

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Information about Count Giovanni Carlo Tramontano of Matera (Italian)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Information about Castle Tramontano (Italian)

description: Italian count


text: geologist

text: Arctic explorer

text: Danish

text: Greenland

text: O. B. Bøggild

text: Mineralogical Museum

text: Geological Survey of Denmark

text: Geologie von Grönland

text: Bicentenary Jubilee Expedition

text: Hans Egede

text: Robert Peary

text: Peary Channel

text: Independence Fjord

text: cartographic

text: Peter Freuchen

text: Hiawatha Glacier

text: Foulk Fjord

text: Jameson Land

text: Scoresby Sound

text: Selim Hassan

text: pyramid

text: Chephren

text: Copenhagen

text: field station

text: 1956-58 Expedition to East Greenland

text: kochite

text: Mt Hvide Ryg

text: Werner Bjerge

text: Tunu

text: American Geographical Society

text: Daly Medal

text: Vega medal

text: Patron's Gold Medal

text: Royal Geographical Society

text: Hans Egede Medal

text: Royal Danish Geographical Society

text: Mary Clark Thompson Medal

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: Cartographic expeditions to Greenland

text: Three-year Expedition

text: Peary Channel

categories: Explorers of the Arctic,1964 deaths,1892 births,Danish geologists

paragraph: Lauge Koch

paragraph: Lauge Koch (5 July 1892 – 5 June 1964) was a Danish geologist and Arctic explorer.

paragraph: Section::::General.

paragraph: He was the renowned leader of 24 Danish government expeditions to Greenland, and the central character in the "Lauge Koch Controversy", an international and intra-national conflict. Beginning in December 1935 a bitter conflict arose between Koch and eleven of the most prominent Danish geologists of the day, including O. B. Bøggild, director of The Mineralogical Museum and professor at the Geological Institute of Copenhagen University, and , head of the Geological Survey of Denmark.

paragraph: Controversy started with a review of the Lauge Koch book "Geologie von Grönland" (1935) written by ‘the eleven’ and accusing Koch of poor and improper scientific practice. Relating to the years 1921–23 in which Lauge Koch conducted the Bicentenary Jubilee Expedition to North Greenland in the year of the bicentennial jubilee of Hans Egede's landing in Greenland, Koch made a sledge journey along the north coast of Greenland, round Peary Land and back across the Inland Ice. On this journey Koch discovered a depression which in his opinion was the one that Robert Peary in 1892 had mistaken for a channel —the so-called "Peary Channel". Koch's observations of the interior of Independence Fjord led to considerable cartographic changes compared with the Peter Freuchen map of 1912.

paragraph: In 1922 he mapped Hiawatha Glacier, and noted that the glacier tongue extended into Lake Alida (near Foulk Fjord).

paragraph: In 1938, Lauge Koch found in the mountains west of Jameson Land, near Scoresby Sound, the skeleton of a huge extinct mammal similar to the head of a gigantic animal with huge teeth found by Professor Selim Hassan in 1935 near the pyramid of Chephren. The skeleton found by Koch was displayed at the museum in Copenhagen.

paragraph: Amongst his other contributions to the sciences, in the mid-1930s Koch established a network of field stations and traveling huts in Central East Greenland. This establishment of a permanent infrastructure in the field caused a change in the whole culture and organization of Danish Arctic exploration.

paragraph: His last expedition would be the 1956-58 Expedition to East Greenland in which he used helicopters. But the Danish government cut funding in mid-expedition and Koch's career as expedition leader was terminated.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The mineral kochite which is found in Mt Hvide Ryg, Werner Bjerge, and the former Greenland county of Tunu was named for Koch in honor of his explorations in the same areas.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Koch was awarded an Honorary Fellowship from the American Geographical Society in 1924, its Daly Medal in 1930, as well as the Vega medal of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography. In 1927 he was awarded the Patron's Gold Medal of the British Royal Geographical Society for his work in Greenland and the Hans Egede Medal of the Royal Danish Geographical Society. In 1949 he was awarded the Mary Clark Thompson Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cartographic expeditions to Greenland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Three-year Expedition "(Treårsekspedition)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peary Channel

description: Danish geologist

wikidata_label: Lauge Koch

wikipedia_title: Lauge Koch


text: Major League Baseball

text: outfielder

text: Minnesota Twins

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Detroit Tigers

text: Florida Marlins

text: Washington Nationals

text: San Diego High School

text: University of Southern California

text: US Olympic Baseball team

text: Minnesota Twins

text: center field

text: left

text: Torii Hunter

text: batted

text: Shannon Stewart

text: right field

text: home run

text: St. Louis

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Roger Clemens

text: Minute Maid Park

text: Dusty Baker

text: Lou Piniella

text: San Diego Padres

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Sam Zell

text: Detroit Tigers

text: infielder

text: Omar Infante

text: designated for assignment

text: Texas Rangers

text: Florida Marlins

text: Jupiter, Florida

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: spring training

text: Minnesota Twins

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Target Field

text: Baseball Hall of Fame

text: Fort Wayne TinCaps

text: San Antonio Missions

text: El Paso Chihuahuas

text: Washington Nationals

text: 2017 postseason

text: 2017 National League Division Series

text: revenge porn

categories: Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in baseball,Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics,Fort Myers Miracle players,Rochester Red Wings players,Major League Baseball outfielders,Olympic baseball players of the United States,Major League Baseball hitting coaches,USC Trojans baseball players,Detroit Tigers players,Baseball players from California,Sportspeople from San Diego,Minnesota Twins players,African-American baseball players,Salt Lake Buzz players,Chicago Cubs players,Baseball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics,1975 births,Living people,New Britain Rock Cats players,African-American baseball coaches,Florida Marlins players,Newark Bears players,Kennesaw State Owls baseball players

paragraph: Jacque Jones

paragraph: Jacque Dewayne Jones (born April 25, 1975) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder for the Minnesota Twins, Chicago Cubs, Detroit Tigers and Florida Marlins. He also coached for the Washington Nationals.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He graduated from San Diego High School in 1993, and the University of Southern California, where he had a stellar career. In , he was a first team all-American outfielder for the Trojans. In , he was a member of the US Olympic Baseball team. In 1993, he was named player of the year in the SCL with, .332 batting average, 33 home runs, and 124 RBI.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minnesota Twins.

paragraph: Jacque was drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the second round of the amateur draft. He played three seasons in the minor leagues, and was brought up to the majors in . He started off in center field, but moved to left to accommodate Torii Hunter. Between -, he batted over .300, and went to the playoffs with the Twins. The Twins outfield was one of the fastest in baseball in , boasting Jones, Hunter and Shannon Stewart. With the acquisition of Stewart, Jones was moved to right field. Jacque was able to hit for power and averaged 20 home runs between -2005.

paragraph: Jones officially ended his relationship with the Twins by turning down arbitration on December 19, 2005. After considering a deal to play for St. Louis, he signed a three-year deal with the Chicago Cubs just a day later.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Cubs.

paragraph: On August 15, 2006, Jones hit a home run over the center field wall against Roger Clemens at Minute Maid Park, well over 440 feet. He finished the season strong with a .285 batting average, tied his career best with 27 home runs.

paragraph: After the 2006 season, it appeared Jones' future with Chicago was uncertain. It was rumored that he had requested a trade and a deal as in the works, but on February 17, 2007, he asked to not be traded, and that he was hoping to have a comeback year. Jones remained with the Cubs to start the season, though he was never really accepted by the fan base, partly due to his lack of production and partly due to questionable comments regarding the teams decision to fire Dusty Baker, whom Jones said he came to Chicago to play for. Baker was replaced by Lou Piniella in December 2006. Early in the 2007 season he became disgruntled with his playing time and the Cubs again sought to trade him. Trades with the San Diego Padres and Los Angeles Dodgers fell through in June 2007 because of new owner Sam Zell's unwillingness to transfer money to another team to cover Jones' remaining salaries.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: On November 12, 2007, Jones was traded to the Detroit Tigers for infielder Omar Infante. After getting off to a poor start, batting just .165 in his first 24 games, he was designated for assignment by the Tigers on May 5, . As a Tiger, Jacque Jones's best game was against the Texas Rangers where he had his only home run in a Detroit uniform as well as a triple, which came in back to back at bats. However, on May 13, he was released by the Tigers.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Florida Marlins.

paragraph: On May 19, 2008, Jones signed a minor league deal with the Florida Marlins. Jones first reported to extended spring training in Jupiter, Florida. On May 23, he was added to the major league roster and made his Marlin debut in center field on May 25. He was designated for assignment on June 11 and became a free agent on June 20 after rejecting his assignment to the minors.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cincinnati Reds.

paragraph: On February 5, , Jones signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Cincinnati Reds. He did not make the team, and was reassigned to the minor league camp on March 30. He was cut after a poor spring training. He chose to leave the Reds, rather than accept a minor league contract.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Return to Minnesota.

paragraph: Jones signed a minor league contract with the Minnesota Twins on February 9, 2010. He was assigned to the minor league after that. He received very loud standing ovations during his at-bats during two exhibition games against the St. Louis Cardinals at Target Field.

paragraph: Section::::After retirement from playing.

paragraph: Jones was on the ballot for Baseball Hall of Fame in 2014 but received only one vote, less than the minimum 5% needed to appear in subsequent years.

paragraph: Jones was hired as the hitting coach for the Class A Fort Wayne TinCaps by the San Diego Padres for the 2012 season. In 2013, he was promoted to be the hitting coach for the Double-A San Antonio Missions. In 2014, he was named the hitting coach for the Triple-A El Paso Chihuahuas but resigned from the job midway through the season. In 2016, he was hired by the Washington Nationals as the team's assistant hitting coach. During their 2017 postseason, just before playing Game 1 of the 2017 National League Division Series on October 6, 2017, the Nationals announced Jones′s indefinite suspension with pay pending a team investigation of a revenge porn incident.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Jacque Jones

wikipedia_title: Jacque Jones


text:
American
singer-songwriter
guitarist
producer
California
Green on Red
Whittier, California
San Francisco
Green on Red
Fire Records
1990
Stephanie Finch
New West Records
Peter Jesperson
Lucinda Williams
San Francisco
Late Show with David Letterman
Last Call with Carson Daly
Kelly Willis
Rykodisc
Waylon Jennings
American Music Club
Meat Beat Manifesto
Savage Republic
John Murry
Jules Shear
Harvey Brooks
Paul Q. Kolderie
Jim Dickinson
Sean Slade
Alejandro Escovedo
Tony Visconti
Ernest "Boom" Carter
Mexico City
The Village Voice
Bruce Springsteen
Born in the U.S.A.
Chris Von Sneidern
The Clash
London Calling
Spain
Metacritic
Flamin' Groovies
Underground Garage
Great American Music Hall
San Francisco
brain tumor
American Music Club
Frightwig
Night Surfer
Yep Roc Records
The Andrew Marr Show
BMG
Alejandro Escovedo
Bruce Springsteen
Solomon Burke
Heart
Kim Carnes
Peter Wolf
Kim Richey
Carter's Chord
Jace Everett
Arc Angels
Bun E. Carlos
Mofro
Kevin Bowe
Calvin Russell
Chris Knight
Kelly Willis
Jim Dickinson
Nashville, Tennessee
Kim Richey
top-40
Cyndi Thomson
Heart
Cameron Crowe
The L Word
"P.S. I Love You"
Michael Grimm
America's Got Talent
Don Was
Blackboard Jungle
Jonathan Richman
"Teeth"
True Blood
Sons of Anarchy
Californication
Stephanie Finch
Temple Beautiful
Night Surfer
Bobby Fuller Died for Your Sins
Green on Red
The Killer Inside Me
Jules Shear
Jim Dickinson
Harvey Brooks
Sean Slade
Paul Q. Kolderie
True West
Paul Collins
Bob Neuwirth
Look Up
Calvin Russell
Cake
Prolonging the Magic
Penelope Houston
The Silos
Kelly Willis
What I Deserve
Penelope Houston
Kelly Willis
Easy
Kim Richey
Duane Jarvis
Cake
Kim Carnes
Chasin' Wild Trains
Victor Krummenacher
Internet Archive

wikipedia_title:
United States
Singer-songwriter
Guitarist
Record producer
California
Green on Red
Whittier, California
San Francisco
Green on Red
Fire Records (UK)
1990 in music
Stephanie Finch
New West Records
Peter Jesperson
Lucinda Williams
San Francisco
Late Show with David Letterman
Last Call with Carson Daly
Kelly Willis
Rykodisc
Waylon Jennings
American Music Club
Meat Beat Manifesto
Savage Republic
John Murry (musician)
Jules Shear
Harvey Brooks (bassist)
Paul Q. Kolderie
Jim Dickinson
Sean Slade
Alejandro Escovedo
Tony Visconti
Ernest Carter (drummer)
Mexico City
The Village Voice
Bruce Springsteen
Born in the U.S.A.
Chris Von Sneidern
The Clash
London Calling
Spain
Metacritic
Flamin' Groovies
Underground Garage
Great American Music Hall
San Francisco
Brain tumor
American Music Club
Frightwig
Night Surfer
Yep Roc Records
The Andrew Marr Show
Bertelsmann Music Group
Alejandro Escovedo
Bruce Springsteen
Solomon Burke
Heart (band)
Kim Carnes
Peter Wolf
Kim Richey
Carter's Chord
Jace Everett
Arc Angels
Bun E. Carlos
JJ Grey & Mofro
Kevin Bowe
Calvin Russell (musician)
Chris Knight (musician)
Kelly Willis
Jim Dickinson
Nashville, Tennessee
Kim Richey
Top 40
Cyndi Thomson
Heart (band)
Cameron Crowe
The L Word
P.S. I Love You (film)
Michael Grimm (musician)
America's Got Talent
Don Was
Blackboard Jungle
Jonathan Richman
Teeth (2007 film)
True Blood
Sons of Anarchy
Californication (TV series)
Stephanie Finch
Temple Beautiful
Night Surfer
Bobby Fuller Died for Your Sins
Green on Red
The Killer Inside Me (album)
Jules Shear
Jim Dickinson
Harvey Brooks (bassist)
Sean Slade
Paul Q. Kolderie
True West (band)
Paul Collins (musician)
Bob Neuwirth
Look Up (Bob Neuwirth album)
Calvin Russell (musician)
Cake (band)
Prolonging the Magic
Penelope Houston
The Silos
Kelly Willis
What I Deserve
Penelope Houston
Kelly Willis
Easy (Kelly Willis album)
Kim Richey
Duane Jarvis
Cake (band)
Kim Carnes
Chasin' Wild Trains
Victor Krummenacher
Internet Archive

categories: Guitarists from California,The Mission Express members,Mission District, San Francisco,20th-century American guitarists,American male singers,Writers from Whittier, California,1963 births,American rock guitarists,American rock singers,Musicians from Whittier, California,Singers from California,Living people,American male songwriters,Songwriters from California,American male guitarists

paragraph: Chuck Prophet

paragraph: Charles William "Chuck" Prophet is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer. A Californian, Prophet first achieved notice in the American psychedelic/desert rock group Green on Red, with whom he toured and recorded in the 1980s. He has also recorded a number of solo records, and gained prominence as a musician and songwriter.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Chuck Prophet was born in Whittier, California, United States and calls San Francisco home.

paragraph: After recording one E.P. and eight albums with rock group Green on Red, he released his first solo record "Brother Aldo" on Fire Records in 1990. It was not released in the U.S. until 1997.

paragraph: He records and tours with his wife Stephanie Finch, who is a singer, keyboardist and guitarist.

paragraph: Prophet was signed to New West Records by Peter Jesperson in 2002. He made two records for New West: "No Other Love" and "Age of Miracles". After years of mostly European and UK success, 2002’s "No Other Love" was a breakthrough record for Prophet stateside due to the success of the summer single "Summertime Thing" and endorsements from Lucinda Williams, who gave him the opening slot for her summer tour.

paragraph: Prophet was signed to Yep Roc Records in 2007.

paragraph: Recorded in San Francisco and Nashville, 2007's "Soap and Water" received critical praise. Prophet toured Europe and North America in support of the album and appeared with his band on the "Late Show with David Letterman" and "Last Call with Carson Daly". In order to better motivate the various musicians and engineers who were involved in the production of this album, Prophet gave them a stake in the master recordings.

paragraph: Prophet has contributed to several Kelly Willis records, and produced 2007's "Translated From Love" for Rykodisc. Willis and Prophet co-wrote six of the album's tracks and Prophet played guitar throughout.

paragraph: Evangeline Recording Co. released a limited-edition work entitled "Dreaming Waylon's Dreams", which he recorded in San Francisco. The record re-creates Waylon Jennings' 1975 country album "Dreaming My Dreams" in its entirety and features, among others, members of American Music Club and Meat Beat Manifesto. The package and booklet were printed by the legendary Bruce Licher (Savage Republic, Independent Music Project, REM fan club etc.) using a custom letterpress design on original stock. Included in the packaging is a recounting of the events surrounding the recording of the record by close friend John Murry (who also played on the record). Each piece was lovingly printed by hand on a circa 1930's printing press. And each one is numbered. "Dreaming Waylon's Dreams" is one of the rarest and most sought-after items in Prophet's discography. It is a limited edition of only 1000. Released by Rounder Records, in 2001, "Raisins in the Sun" was a one-off collaboration with Jules Shear, Harvey Brooks, Paul Q. Kolderie, Jim Dickinson, Sean Slade, and Winston Watson, recorded in May 1999.

paragraph: In 2008 Prophet co-wrote all the songs on Alejandro Escovedo's "Real Animal", to which he also contributed guitar and vocals. The LP was recorded in Lexington, Kentucky and produced by noted producer Tony Visconti.

paragraph: In May 2009, Prophet along with a band of musicians including Ernest "Boom" Carter headed to Mexico City to record a collection of "political songs for non political people". "¡Let Freedom Ring!" was released on October 27, 2009 on Yep Roc. Michael Hoinski of "The Village Voice" compared "¡Let Freedom Ring!" to Bruce Springsteen's "Born in the U.S.A.", citing the recordings as "albums that manifest patriotism through disenchantment, and both rely heavily on marginalized characters to expose socioeconomic woes."

paragraph: In January 2011, he formed the Spanish Bombs along with Chris Von Sneidern and San Francisco rhythm section The Park. The Spanish Bombs performed The Clash's LP "London Calling" in its entirety at the Actual Music Festival in Spain. This special project came at the invitation of curators Houston Party. This festival show was followed by a 12-date tour of Spain.

paragraph: February 7, 2012, was the release date of the "Temple Beautiful" CD, a "nuanced, insightful and passionate ode to San Francisco" on Yep Roc Records. It was met with positive reviews scoring 82 on Metacritic. The title track Temple Beautiful (featuring Roy Loney of the Flamin' Groovies) was proclaimed "Coolest Song in the World” on Little Stevens Underground Garage.

paragraph: On March 3, 2013, Prophet played a Benefit Concert at The Great American Music Hall for Tom Mallon, a producer who documented much of the San Francisco Punk scene and went on to produce the early American Music Club records. Mallon is struggling with a brain tumor. Members of many seminal San Francisco bands played as well including members of American Music Club, Frightwig, Ugly Stick, Flying Color.

paragraph: On September 23, 2014, Prophet released "Night Surfer" on Yep Roc Records. The album was met with positive reviews, including a three-and-a-half out of five star rating from All Music Guide.

paragraph: On February 10, 2017, Prophet released "Bobby Fuller Died For Your Sins". The album was given four out of five stars from All Music Guide.

paragraph: On February 19, 2017, Chuck appeared on the BBC Sunday morning political show The Andrew Marr Show singing “Bad Year For Rock and Roll," one of the standout tracks from his latest album Bobby Fuller Died For Your Sins.

paragraph: Section::::Songwriter.

paragraph: In 1996, Prophet was signed to Funzalo Music BMG Publishing and spent much of 1997 in Nashville as a staff writer. He has gone on to have his compositions and co-writes recorded by many artists including Alejandro Escovedo, Bruce Springsteen, Solomon Burke, Heart, Michael Grimm, Kim Carnes, Peter Wolf, Kim Richey, Carter's Chord, Jace Everett, Arc Angels, Micky & the Motorcars, Bun E. Carlos, Mofro, Kevin Bowe, Calvin Russell, Chris Knight and Kelly Willis. He has toured with Memphis producer and pianist Jim Dickinson, who recorded Prophet's "Hungry Town". In Nashville, Tennessee, Prophet and songwriter Kim Richey penned "I'm Gone", a top-40 country hit in 2002 for singer Cyndi Thomson.

paragraph: Section::::References in popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The song "No Other Love" was covered by the rock group Heart at the suggestion of Cameron Crowe. It was also featured in an episode of the television series "The L Word", and in the film "P.S. I Love You". In 2011, it was recorded by Michael Grimm, the winner of "America's Got Talent", and included on his Don Was-produced debut CD.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prophet's father appears briefly in the 1955 film "Blackboard Jungle".

paragraph: BULLET::::- He appears as an actor playing "The Connection" in "Revolution Summer", a film directed by Miles Matthew Montalbano and produced by Jonathan Richman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Did (Bomp Shooby Doobie Bomp)" was contributed as the theme song to the film "Teeth". "You Did" was also featured in the closing credits of the HBO series "True Blood" episode "Keep This Party Going" (S02E02).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The songs "Leave the Window Open" and "Love Won't Keep Us Apart," the latter co-written with klipschutz are featured in the FX program "Sons of Anarchy".

paragraph: BULLET::::- The song "Holding On" was featured in "Californication"

paragraph: Section::::The Mission Express.

paragraph: The "Mission Express" is a bus line that runs through Prophet's neighborhood and is the name of his current band.

paragraph: The line-up:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephanie Finch: (singing, Vox organ, piano, guitar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kevin White: (bass guitar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vicente Rodriguez: (drums, vocals)

paragraph: BULLET::::- James DePrato: (guitar, lap steel)

paragraph: Former members:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyle Caprista: (drums, vocals) 2012-2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Taylor: (drums, vocals) -2012

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: "Brother Aldo" (Fire / Rough Trade)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 "Balinese Dancer" (China / Homestead)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Feast of Hearts" (China)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Homemade Blood" (Cooking Vinyl)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "The Hurting Business" (Cooking Vinyl)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "Turn the Pigeons Loose (Live In San Francisco 2000)" (Cooking Vinyl) released 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "No Other Love" (New West / Blue Rose)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Age of Miracles" (New West / Blue Rose)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Soap and Water" (Cooking Vinyl / Yep Roc)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Dreaming Waylon's Dreams" (Evangeline)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "¡Let Freedom Ring!" (Cooking Vinyl / Yep Roc)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Temple Beautiful" (Yep Roc)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Night Surfer" (Yep Roc / Belle Sound)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Bobby Fuller Died for Your Sins" (Yep Roc)

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.:With Green on Red.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Gas Food Lodging" (Enigma)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "No Free Lunch" (Mercury)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987: "The Killer Inside Me" (Mercury)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: "Here Come the Snakes" (Mercury)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: "Live at the Town & Country" (China)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: "This Time Around" (Off-Beat / China)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989-92: "BBC Sessions" (Cooking Vinyl) released 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "Scapegoats" (Off-Beat / China)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: "Too Much Fun" (Off-Beat / China)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Live at the Rialto" (Blue Rose)

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.:With Jules Shear, Jim Dickinson, Harvey Brooks, Sean Slade, Paul Q. Kolderie, Winston Watson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Raisins in the Sun" (Evangeline)

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.:With Jim Dickinson and the Creatures of Habit.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Thousand Footprints in the Sand" (Last Call)

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.:As guest musician.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: Eddie Ray Porter - "When The Morning Falls" (Less Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: True West - "Hand Of Fate" (CD Presents)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: Sonya Hunter - "Favorite Short Stories" (Heyday / Normal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: Paul Collins - "Paul Collins" (DRO)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: Bob Neuwirth - "Look Up" (Watermelon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: Calvin Russell - "Calvin Russell" (Last Call)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: Cake - "Prolonging the Magic" (Capricorn)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: Penelope Houston - "Tongue" (WEA / Reprise)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: The Silos - "Heater" (Checkered Past / Normal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: Kelly Willis - "What I Deserve" (Rykodisc)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: Penelope Houston - "Loners, Stoners And Prison Brides" (Return To Sender)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: Kelly Willis - "Easy" (Rykodisc)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: Kim Richey - "Rise" (Lost Highway)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: Duane Jarvis - "Delicious" (Slewfoot)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Cake - "Pressure Chief" (Columbia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: Kim Carnes - "Chasin' Wild Trains" (Spark Dawg)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: Jeffrey Halford and the Healers -

paragraph: "Railbirds" (Shoeless)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: Victor Krummenacher - "I Was A Nightmare But I'm Not Going To Go There" (Veritas Recordings)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NPR Artist Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prophet Interviews Jonathan Richman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Site francophone- French site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chuck Prophet collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Chuck Prophet

wikipedia_title: Chuck Prophet


text:
Rouen
Normandy
Napoleon Bonaparte
panegyrist
Louis XVIII
Étienne-Denis Pasquier

categories: 1829 deaths,People from Rouen,1760 births,Peers of France

paragraph: Charles Dambray

paragraph: Charles Henry Dambray (9 October 1760, Rouen – 13 December 1829) was chancellor of France, minister of justice, and president of the chamber of peers during the short lived restored French Royalist government of 1814 and 1815.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Charles Dambray was born in Normandy in 1760. In 1779, he was nominated advocate-general of the court "des Aides", of Paris, and in the year 1788, was destined to fill the place of the aged Séguier, in the parliament of Paris. Dambray was a very zealous supporter of the faction "des Ténèbres", and was compelled to leave France; but he soon returned, living in quite retirement and obscurity in Normandy, until the elevation of Napoleon Bonaparte to Emperor. Dambray afterwards became a member of the council-general of the department of the Lower Seine, and a humble panegyrist of the imperial government; while, however, he lavished praises on the Emperor, he kept up a constant correspondence with the French princes who had taken refuge in London. In recompense of these, his secret services, Louis XVIII nominated him in 1814, chancellor of France, minister of justice, and president of the chamber of peers.

paragraph: Dambray had the merit of suggesting to Louis XVIII the ingenious idea of dating his decrees from the 19th year of his reign; he meditated certain innovations of the most absurd and extravagant kind, which, happily, the king and circumstances did not permit him to carry into effect. As the government, was dispersed in the twinkling of an eye, by the intelligence that the Napoleon Bonaparte had returned to France from exile on Elba and was marching rapidly upon Paris. Dupont remained in France, probably with the intention of trying to procure a reconciliation with Napoleon; while his colleagues all fled to Ghent with the rest of the Royal court.

paragraph: After Louis XVIII was reinstated for a second time on the throne of France, Dambray was replaced by Étienne-Denis Pasquier. In 1816 Dambray was nominated keeper of the seals, "ad interim".

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Charles Dambray

wikipedia_title: Charles Dambray


text:
Montfoort
Admiral of the Netherlands
Jobst Nikolaus I, Count of Hohenzollern
Maximilian of Austria
Flemish rebellion
Philip of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein
Cornelis of Glymes

categories: Counts of Hohenzollern,15th-century German people,1490 deaths,1454 births

paragraph: Eitel Friedrich of Zollern

paragraph: Eitel Friedrich the younger of Zollern (1454 – Montfoort, 27 June 1490), was a German nobleman who served as Admiral of the Netherlands.

paragraph: He was the third son of Jobst Nikolaus I, Count of Hohenzollern (1433–1488) and Agnes of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg (1434–1467).

paragraph: Eitel Friedrich followed Maximilian of Austria to the Low Countries to fight against the Flemish rebellion.

paragraph: In 1488, he succeeded Philip of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein as Admiral of the Netherlands, because Cleves had defected to the rebels.

paragraph: Eitel Friedrich died during the siege of Montfoort. Two of his brothers had died in battle before him.br

paragraph: He was succeeded by Cornelis of Glymes.

description: Dutch admiral

wikidata_label: Eitel Frederick of Zollern

wikipedia_title: Eitel Friedrich of Zollern


text:
Ashiya
Hyogo Prefecture
Clare College, Cambridge
Shigeru Yoshida
Hirohito
Emperor of Japan
Douglas MacArthur
Masako Shirasu
Buaisō

categories: Japanese politicians,People from Hyōgo Prefecture,Japanese businesspeople,1985 deaths,1902 births,20th-century Japanese people

paragraph: Jirō Shirasu

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Ashiya in Hyogo Prefecture and studied at Clare College, Cambridge.

paragraph: During the Occupation he was a member of Shigeru Yoshida's government. He is particularly remembered in Japan for an incident in Christmas 1945 where he delivered a present from Hirohito, Emperor of Japan to General Douglas MacArthur. When MacArthur told him to place it on the floor, he demanded a table to show respect. In 2009 he was the subject of an NHK drama.

paragraph: His wife Masako Shirasu was a collector and expert of fine Japanese art, on which she published a number of books. Their house "Buaisō" became a museum.

alias:
Jiro Shirasu
Jirou Shirasu

description: Japanese politician

wikidata_label: Jirō Shirasu

wikipedia_title: Jirō Shirasu


text:
House of Visconti
Milan
Matteo I Visconti
Doria
Sassello
Fieschi
Matteo II
Galeazzo II
Bernabò
Louis the Bavarian
King of Italy
Galeazzo
Giovanni
Luchino
Azzo Visconti
Monza
1359
Bonino da Campione
Sant'Eustorgio

categories: House of Visconti,Year of birth unknown,14th-century Italian people,1327 deaths

paragraph: Stefano Visconti

paragraph: Stefano Visconti (c.1287-4 July 1327) was a member of the House of Visconti that ruled Milan from the 14th to the 15th century. He was the son of Matteo I Visconti.

paragraph: In 1318 he married Valentina Doria, daughter of Bernabò Doria from Sassello and of Eliena Fieschi, with whom he had three children: Matteo II, Galeazzo II and Bernabò, who shared the rule in Milan after his death.

paragraph: Stefano died in the night of July 4, 1327, after a banquet he gave Louis the Bavarian, shortly after he was crowned King of Italy.

paragraph: His contemporaries linked his death to an attempted poisoning of the King, leading to the imprisonment of three of Stefanos' four brothers, Galeazzo, Giovanni, and Luchino, as well as of his nephew, the future Lord of Milan, Azzo Visconti, in the fortress of Monza: This event marked a crisis of the relations between the Holy Roman Empire and the Visconti.

paragraph: The magnificent tomb of Stefano and his wife Valentina, carved in 1359 by Bonino da Campione, is located in the Basilica Sant'Eustorgio in Milan.

description: Italian nobleman

wikidata_label: Stefano Visconti

wikipedia_title: Stefano Visconti


text: Japanese

text: Rinzai

text: rōshi

text: Manhattan

text: Lower East Side

text: Dharma heir

text: Soen Nakagawa

text: Zen

text: Japan

text: Komazawa University

text: Ryūtaku-ji

text: Jerusalem

text: Israel

text: New York City

text: England

text: Lawrence Shainberg

text: Buddhism in Japan

text: List of Rinzai Buddhists

text: Black Moon Zendo

categories: Japanese Zen Buddhists,Zen Buddhist monks and priests,Komazawa University alumni,Rinzai Buddhists,2007 deaths,1927 births,Japanese religious leaders

paragraph: Kyudo Nakagawa

paragraph: Kyudo Nakagawa (中川 球童, February 12, 1927—December 29, 2007), or Nakagawa Kyūdō, was a Japanese-born Rinzai rōshi who for many years led Soho Zen Buddhist Society, Inc. in Manhattan's Lower East Side.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: A Dharma heir of the late Soen Nakagawa—who is of no familial relation—Kyudo first became a Zen monk at age eight. He undertook Buddhist studies at Japan's renowned Komazawa University and entered Gukei-ji. Then, at age thirty, Kyudo entered Ryūtaku-ji temple and trained under Soen Nakagawa. In 1968 he moved to Jerusalem to lead a center Soen had opened in Israel called Kibutsu-ji, where he stayed on for thirteen years. Kyudo then returned to Ryūtaku-ji briefly and moved to New York City, where he led the Soho Zen Buddhist Society, Inc. He also made occasional trips to England now and then to lead the London Zen Society.

paragraph: After Soen Roshi's death in 1984, Sochu Suzuki Roshi became abbot of Ryūtaku-ji. When Sochu Roshi died in 1990, Kyudo became abbot of Ryūtaku-ji. He died on December 29, 2007 at the age of eighty. The Soho Zen Buddhist Society, Inc. in Manhattan closed its practice center, the Soho Zendo at 464 West Broadway, following Kyudo's death. Among others, he trained Lawrence Shainberg, author of "Ambivalent Zen", which discusses Kyudo's teachings and provides an intimate portrait of this Zen master. A collection of Kyudo Nakagawa, Roshi's talks can be found on line here: http://www.engaged-zen.org/articles/Kyudo.html

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buddhism in Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Rinzai Buddhists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of Zen Buddhism in the United States

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Black Moon Zendo

description: Japanese Buddhist monk

wikidata_label: Kyudo Nakagawa

wikipedia_title: Kyudo Nakagawa


text:
The Burghers of Calais
Edward III
Calais
Jean Froissart
Philippa of Hainault
Rodin
Victoria Tower Gardens
Glyptotek
Copenhagen
Rodin Museum
the figure representing Saint Pierre
Museo Soumaya
Mexico City

paragraph: Eustache de Saint Pierre

paragraph: Eustache de Saint Pierre is the best known figure of the group of six known as The Burghers of Calais, the first to volunteer and surrender, wearing "a shirt and a rope around his neck" to the King of England at that time, Edward III, to save the people of Calais (August 1347).

paragraph: According to the chronicler Jean Froissart, the king pardoned him at the request of his wife, Philippa of Hainault.

paragraph: The scene of the surrender of the mayor of Calais was immortalized in a bronze statue by Rodin and can be seen in twelve copies, including the Belfry square in Calais, the Victoria Tower Gardens adjoining Parliament in London, or at the art museum Glyptotek in Copenhagen (Denmark), and the Rodin Museum in Paris. A cast of the figure representing Saint Pierre is in the Museo Soumaya in Mexico City.

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Eustache de Saint Pierre

wikipedia_title: Eustache de Saint Pierre