text: physicist

text: Melrose, Massachusetts

text: Robert Andrews Millikan

text: University of Wisconsin-Madison

text: Ford Foundation

text: Columbia University

text: Gwendolyn Holbrow

text: Sputnik

text: Henry H. Barschall

text: Haverford College

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: Physics Today

text: Colgate University

text: Charles A. Dana

text: Stony Brook University

text: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: Cornell University

text: Brookhaven National Laboratory

text: SRI International

text: Stanford University

text: University of Wisconsin-Madison

text: University of Vienna

text: Stanford Linear Accelerator

text: California Institute of Technology

text: NASA

text: Ames Research Center

text: Isaac Asimov

text: National Geographic

text: Charles Christian Lauritsen

text: Physics in Perspective

text: Robert Andrews Millikan

text: Physics Today

text: relativity

text: quantum theory

text: Oersted Medal

text: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: MOOC

text: Harvard University

text: National Science Foundation

text: American Council on Education

text: National Science Foundation

text: American Physical Society

text: Harvard University

text: Oersted Medal

categories: University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni,1935 births,Physics education,Columbia University alumni,21st-century American physicists,People from Melrose, Massachusetts,Space colonization,American nuclear physicists

paragraph: Charles H. Holbrow

paragraph: Charles H. Holbrow (born September 23, 1935) is an American physicist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Charles Howard Holbrow was born in Melrose, Massachusetts to parents Frederick Holbrow and Florence Louisa (Gile) Holbrow. His earliest memory of interest in physics dates from about age 13, when he saved the money he earned delivering newspapers to buy a book by Robert Andrews Millikan, "Electrons (+And -) Protons Photons Neutrons Mesotrons and Cosmic Rays". "I read about two pages, and it made no sense to me whatsoever," he said. "But I still have the book, and now it makes lots of sense."

paragraph: In 1951, at age 15, he enrolled at the University of Wisconsin-Madison as a Ford Foundation Pre-Induction Fellow. Despite his early interest and intention to major in physics, he found physics coursework so challenging that he changed his major and, in 1955, earned a BA in history instead, then pursued graduate study in history at Columbia University. In 1956, he married Mary Louise Ross, with whom he has five daughters: Gwendolyn Holbrow, Elizabeth, Alice, Katherine and Martha. In 1957, he earned a master's degree in history and Russian studies from Columbia with a master's essay titled "Lenin's views of the United States". Inspired by the Sputnik launch, Holbrow then returned to study physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where his doctoral advisor was Henry H. Barschall ("Heinz" Barschall). Holbrow earned his MS in physics in 1960 and PhD in physics in 1963, with the dissertation "Neutrons from protons on nickel, rhodium, tantalum, and gold".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After earning his doctorate, Holbrow taught for three years at Haverford College and two years at the University of Pennsylvania, then served as assistant editor at Physics Today. In 1967, he became an associate professor of physics at Colgate University, where he remained for 36 years until his retirement in 2003. In addition to teaching and research, Holbrow was instrumental in establishing first the Colgate Computer Center and later the Department of Computer Science. He became associate director of the Colgate Computer Center and then, in 1968, its director. He was promoted to full professor in 1975 and named Charles A. Dana Professor of Physics in 1986. Holbrow also served as chairman of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, director of Institutional Research, and director of the Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.

paragraph: During his years at Colgate, Holbrow frequently joined other academic institutions temporarily as a visiting professor and researcher, including Stony Brook University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cornell University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, SRI International, Stanford University, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Vienna, and the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research. He spent a sabbatical year in 1969-70 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator, and another at the California Institute of Technology in 1975-76, working in the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory. During the summer of 1975, Holbrow was a NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellow at Stanford University and Ames Research Center, where he participated in a NASA project to develop colonies in space, culminating in the report Space Settlements: A Design Study, and featured in an article by Isaac Asimov in the July, 1976, issue of National Geographic.

paragraph: Throughout his physics career, Holbrow maintained his interest in reading and writing about history. His fascination and feeling of kinship with Danish-born Caltech physicist Charles Christian Lauritsen led to a biographical article, "Charles C. Lauritsen: A Reasonable Man in an Unreasonable World," in Physics in Perspective. During a second stay at Caltech, he wrote a short history of Robert Andrews Millikan and the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory titled "The giant cancer tube and the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory," published in Physics Today.

paragraph: In addition to physics and history, Holbrow is interested in physics pedagogy. In 1998, he and colleagues at Colgate published a new introductory physics textbook, "Modern Introductory Physics", which reversed the usual introductory physics sequence by presenting relativity and quantum theory before mechanics and electromagnetism. A second edition appeared in 2010. He has also served as president of the American Association of Physics Teachers, and was awarded the 2012 Oersted Medal for his major contributions to physics education and research.

paragraph: Since Holbrow's retirement from Colgate University in 2003, he has been a visiting professor of physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he works on developing physics MOOCs, and a visiting scholar at Harvard University, where he won an award for excellence in teaching.

paragraph: Section::::Research.

paragraph: Holbrow's research has included studying the properties of unstable ytterbium atoms produced in a particle accelerator, and using lead ions with only one electron, which share traits with hydrogen, to study relativistic effects.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Science Foundation cooperative fellow, 1959-60

paragraph: BULLET::::- Academic Administration intern, American Council on Education, 1972-73

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Science Foundation research grantee, 1981-82

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow of the American Physical Society, 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- President of the American Association of Physics Teachers, 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harvard University Certificate of Distinction in Teaching, 2006-2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Association of Physics Teachers Distinguished Service Citation, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oersted Medal winner, 2012

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles H. Holbrow, James N. Lloyd, Joseph. C. Amato, Enrique Galvez, and M. Elizabeth Parks, "Modern Introductory Physics", 2nd edition, xxiii, 658 pp., Springer-New York, Inc., (2010).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles H. Holbrow, Allan M. Russell, and Gordon F. Sutton, editors; "Space Colonization: Technology and the Liberal Arts," "AIP Conference Proceedings 148", American Institute of Physics, New York, (1986).

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. Johnson and C. Holbrow, editors, "Space Settlements: A Design Study", NASA SP-413, (1977).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charles H. Holbrow Curriculum Vitae"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Modern Introductory Physics"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Space Settlements: A Design Study"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The giant cancer tube and the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charles C. Lauritsen: A Reasonable Man in an Unreasonable World"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Better Physics"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charles H. Holbrow LinkedIn profile"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guide to the Charles Holbrow Papers"

wikidata_label: Charles H. Holbrow

wikipedia_title: Charles H. Holbrow


text: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Spain

text: Cologne

text: Paris

text: Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts

text: San Sebastián

text: Tucson

text: El País

text: Andy Warhol

text: Museo del Prado

text: Madrid

wikipedia_title: Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts (Spain)

categories: Spanish people of German descent,2015 deaths,1928 births,Spanish photographers,People from Vitoria-Gasteiz

paragraph: Alberto Schommer

paragraph: Alberto Schommer García (9 August 1928 – 10 September 2015) was a Spanish photographer. Albert Rivera considered him as a good candidate for the municipal elections.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Alberto Schommer was born in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. He was introduced to the skill of photography from his father, a photographer from Vitoria who immigrated from Germany, , where he opened a studio during the 1940s. Later, Schommer was academically trained in the field of this art in the German city of Cologne and Paris. The Spanish government awarded him the Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts in 2008 and the National Prize of Photography in 2013. In 1996 he became a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

paragraph: In recognition of his career as a photographer and having become a person of prestige in the photographic field, his hometown (Vitoria) has a street named in his honor in the district of Adurza.

paragraph: He died on September 10, 2015 in San Sebastián, at 87 years of age due to respiratory problems caused by cancer.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Throughout his history, he has travelled throughout the world with hundreds of jobs, having released nearly a hundred books and working as a professor at prestigious seminars or contests. His work has been exhibited across the width of the entire world, from Japan to the United States (Center for Creative Photography in Tucson) and has received numerous awards for his work.

paragraph: One of his best known works are his portraits, which reached the public through his collaboration with the newspaper El País. These portraits, mainly recognized regionally, but also was globally recognized by figures such as Andy Warhol and other Spanish life personalities have recognized his best works. In this famous series, called "Retratos psicológicos" showed power, economy and culture. His peculiar way of approaching the portrait had a great impact in the seventies and eighties, and his photographs will become a visual chronicle of the Transition. Despite his age, Alberto Schommer followed professionally as active as ever until his death in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Expositions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Masks", Museo del Prado (Madrid)

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Las fotos psicológicas (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- La vida en los museos (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autobiografía de un madrileño (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egipto: Lo eterno (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shanghái (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brasil: El hombre que veía demasiado (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- El arte de la mirada (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paisajes ordenados (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alberto Schommer (Photobolsillo) (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metrópolis. Archivo municipal de Vitoria-Gasteiz (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- La belleza oculta: Libia ND/DSC (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Un cuerpo vivo: La catedral de Santa María de Vitoria-Gasteiz (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Primera época (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trasfiguración (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metro (2010)

alias:
Alberto Schommer García de la Peña
Alberto Schommer García
Alberto Schommer Garcia

description: Spanish photographer

wikidata_label: Alberto Schommer

wikipedia_title: Alberto Schommer


text:
ancient Egypt
technical death metal
Nile
Fayetteville
Greenville, South Carolina
Karl Sanders
Dean V
Dean ML
Dean Razorback
B.C. Rich
Marshall
Seymour Duncan
SIT STRINGS
Black Seeds of Vengeance
In Their Darkened Shrines
Annihilation of the Wicked
Ithyphallic
Those Whom the Gods Detest
At the Gate of Sethu
What Should Not Be Unearthed
Karl Sanders
Saurian Meditation
George Kollias

categories: American heavy metal singers,American heavy metal guitarists,Living people,21st-century American singers,American multi-instrumentalists,Lead guitarists,Death metal musicians,21st-century American guitarists,American male guitarists,1974 births

paragraph: Dallas Toler-Wade

paragraph: Dallas Toler-Wade (born June 6, 1974) is an American musician, composer and multi-instrumentalist, best known for his work in the American ancient Egyptian-themed technical death metal band Nile. He was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina.

paragraph: He started playing drums as a seven-year old. At the age of fourteen, he started learning to play the guitar. His career started as a drummer for the Greenville, South Carolina-based technical death metal band Lecherous Nocturne. During his tenure there, he was recommended to Karl Sanders of Nile, and subsequently joined the band in September 1997, as a guitarist and vocalist.

paragraph: In February 2017, he left Nile.

paragraph: Section::::Instrumentation.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dean V

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dean ML

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dean Razorback

paragraph: BULLET::::- B.C. Rich Ironbird

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marshall JCM2000 DSL100 amplifiers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marshall 1960 columns

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seymour Duncan SH-8 Invader

paragraph: BULLET::::- SIT STRINGS custom gauge (13, 17, 26w, 36w, 46w, 70w)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nile

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Seeds of Vengeance" (2000, Relapse Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Their Darkened Shrines" (2002, Relapse Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annihilation of the Wicked" (2005, Relapse Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ithyphallic" (2007, Nuclear Blast)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Those Whom the Gods Detest" (2009, Nuclear Blast)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "At the Gate of Sethu" (2012, Nuclear Blast)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What Should Not Be Unearthed" (2015, Nuclear Blast)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Others

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Karl Sanders – Saurian Meditation (2004, Relapse Records, featuring)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lecherous Nocturne – Adoration of the Blade (2006, Deepsend Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Narcotic Wasteland – Narcotic Wasteland (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "George Kollias – Invictus (2015, Season of Mist, featuring)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Narcotic Wasteland- Delirium Tremens (2017)

wikidata_label: Dallas Toler-Wade

wikipedia_title: Dallas Toler-Wade


text:
Isin
Babylon
Nabu-kudurri-usur
Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē
Lorestān bronze
kudurru
Gulkišar

categories: 12th-century BC rulers,Deaths by blade weapons,Leaders ousted by a coup,Babylonian kings,12th-century BC Babylonian kings,11th-century BC Babylonian kings,11th-century BC rulers,11th-century BC murdered monarchs

paragraph: Enlil-nadin-apli

paragraph: Enlil-nādin-apli, "Enlil (is) giver of an heir," ca. 1103–1100 BC, was the 5th king of the 2nd dynasty of Isin, and the 4th dynasty of Babylon. He was the son and successor of Nabu-kudurri-usur and was toppled by a revolt led by his uncle, Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: There are few contemporary artifacts attesting to his brief rule. A Lorestān bronze dagger is inscribed with his name and title. A kudurru records the outcome of an inquiry instigated by the king in his 4th year into the ownership of a plot of land claimed by a temple estate. Ekarra-eqisha and Eanna-šuma-iddina, the governors of Bit-Sin-magir and Sealand respectively, were charged with the investigation which upheld a claim based on the actions of an earlier king Gulkišar who had “drawn for Nanse, his divine mistress, a land boundary.” It contains perhaps the earliest example of a "Distanzangaben" statement recording that 696 years had elapsed between Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur, his father, and Gulkišar, the 6th king of the 1st Dynasty of the Sealand, a contemporary of Samsu-ditāna.

paragraph: A second undated kudurru is reckoned to be from this period, that of Gula-eresh (pictured), because the same governor of Sealand, Eanna-šuma-iddina, also appears on it, this time granting 5 kur of land to his servant. It is particularly noteworthy for the exuberance of its curses:

paragraph: The "Walker Chronicle" tells of his campaign against Assur and his subsequent overthrow, “Enlil-nādin-apli, son of Nabû-kudurrī]-uṣur, marched to Assur to conquer (it). [Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē, brother of N]abû-kudurrī-uṣur, and the nobles rebelled against him and; Enlil-nādin-apli returned to his land and his city. They [kill]ed him with the s[word].”

paragraph: Section::::References.

wikidata_label: Enlil-nadin-apli

wikipedia_title: Enlil-nadin-apli


text:
CBE
Hedingham Castle
Sir William Ashhurst
Lewis Majendie
Lewis Majendie
Hedingham Castle
Margery Blackie

categories: 1903 births,Members of the Order of the British Empire,1981 deaths,British landowners

paragraph: Musette Majendie

paragraph: Musette Frances Jacqueline Natalie Majendie CBE (1903–1981) was the owner of Hedingham Castle. In 1713 the castle was purchased by Sir William Ashhurst, after his death in 1720, the estate passed to his great granddaughter, the wife of Lewis Majendie. The Majendie family owned Hedingham Castle for 250 years until Miss Majendie left it to her cousin Thomas Lindsay.

paragraph: She was the granddaughter of Lewis Majendie MP.

paragraph: In the last year of her life, from 1980 to 1981, she lived at Hedingham Castle with her close friend and companion, Margery Blackie.

wikidata_label: Musette Majendie

wikipedia_title: Musette Majendie


text:
Mexican
Scouting
Scouting for Boys
Castilian Spanish
Inter-American Council on Scouting
internal conflict
Plutarco Elías Calles
militia
Cristero War
Knights of Columbus
exile
United States
Edelmiro Traslosheros
Exploradores de México
San Ángel
Archbishop of Mexico
Pascual Díaz Barreto
Scouts de México
International Scout Bureau
London
legal suit
Boy Scouts de Mexico
Mexican government
Asociación de Scouts de México, A.C.
Juan Lainé Roiz

paragraph: Jorge Núñez Prida

paragraph: Jorge Núñez Prida was a Mexican engineer and Scouting president, who carried out the best known official version of "Scouting for Boys" in Castilian Spanish under the guidance of the Inter-American Council on Scouting.

paragraph: In 1926, a long internal conflict began in Mexico between the government of Plutarco Elías Calles and militias of laymen, priests and religious Catholics known as the Cristero War. One of the organizations involved was the Knights of Columbus, to which Nuñez belonged, and who along with other members supported and financed the armed struggle between 1926 and 1929 from his exile in the United States. Once the conflict with the government was over, Núñez returned to Mexico City. Throughout 1930, Edelmiro Traslosheros was dedicated to studying the predominant Scout organizations, and together with Núñez, begin to outline plans to found the Exploradores de México. In a private ceremony on November 1, 1931, in a mansion owned by Mrs. Refugio Golibar de Cortina, south of Mexico City in the direction of San Ángel, #2 Av. De la Paz, in the presence of the Archbishop of Mexico, Pascual Díaz Barreto, the boys of the Catholic schools were inducted into Scouting.

paragraph: On July 1, 1934, in a daring maneuver the National Council of Scouts of Mexico announced the merger of the Cuerpo de Exploradores Nacionales de México and the Scouts de México to the International Scout Bureau in London, and Núñez paid the arrears of the Cuerpo de Exploradores Nacionales de México. The London response was to award the title "Asociación de Scouts de México" to this merger.

paragraph: The title "Boy Scouts de Mexico" could not be used due to the legal suit between Jose Trinidad Padilla of Boy Scouts de Mexico, who had the title of name from 1930, and Núñez. Mexico was the only case at the time in which the Scout organization recognized by the London office did not carry the "Boy Scouts of ..." In 1934, Boy Scouts de México was an organization with more diffusion and members at a national level, including troops of Girl Scouts, as well as recognition by the Mexican government, whereas the now Asociación de Scouts de México, began an expansion process and open competition for more members. In 1943 the Scout organization was again renamed to its present name, Asociación de Scouts de México, A.C. under Juan Lainé Roiz.

paragraph: The first Girl Guiding company came to have Guides of 13 nationalities, and enjoyed the friendship and support of the Scouts of Mexico under the presidency of Nuñez.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Flor de Lis: Entre Vientos y Tormentas, Historia de los Scouts en México 1913-1941, Primer Libro." (2004) Ramón Miguel Ponce Sánchez y Enrique Zenil V., México,

wikidata_label: Jorge Núñez Prida

wikipedia_title: Jorge Núñez Prida


text:
Luxembourg
Luxemburger Wort
Treipen
Judd mat Gardebo'nen
Sterzein

categories: Cookbook writers,20th-century Luxembourgian writers,1987 deaths,1905 births,Luxembourgian writers,20th-century women writers,Luxembourgian women writers,Women cookbook writers

paragraph: Ketty Thull

paragraph: Ketty (Catherine) Thull (February 2, 1905 - October 25, 1987) was a Luxembourg cook, educator, cookbook writer; wrote the influential "Luxemburger Kochbuch" (1946). On its publication, the book received a positive review in the "Luxemburger Wort" which commented that it was a "Treasure trove of really interesting, useful recipes". It including 80 precisely described meat dishes, as well as 30 vegetable preparations. It also presents recipes for the national dishes of Luxembourg such as Treipen, Gehäk, Kuddelfleck, Judd mat Gardebo'nen and Sterzein.

paragraph: Thull, who had studied cookery at the Ecole Le Cordon Bleue in Paris, taught at a housemaids school in Esch-sur-Alzette. In 1937, she published her first book "Ratgeber für die Luxemburger Hausfrau beim Konservieren der Nahrungsmittel" (Guide for the Luxembourg Housewife on Preserving Foodstuffs), Luxembourg's first-ever cookbook. To supplement her "Kochbuch", in 1947 she published "Desserts und Backwaren" (Desserts and Pastry Cooking). Thull carefully typed each page of her books and had them printed at her own cost. Carlo Sauber, who has updated the cookbook for modern users, explained that little is known about Ketty Thull, except that her students remember her as being very strict. She never married and had no children.

paragraph: Her works have remained popular in Luxembourg, where they are still used for their authentic local recipes.

description: Luxembourg cook, educator and cookbook writer

wikidata_label: Ketty Thull

wikipedia_title: Ketty Thull


text: courtesy name

text: Horner's method

text: Tianchi basin

text: Ziyang, Sichuan

text: Shandong

text: mathematics

text: Chinese provinces

text: Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections

text: Chinese remainder theorem

text: algorithm

text: Heron’s formula

text: Heron of Alexandria

text: Archimedes

text: Southern Song dynasty

text: Chinese calendar

text: astronomical

text: winter solstice

text: equation

text: Horner's method

text: sums

text: arithmetic series

text: zero symbol

text: Chinese mathematics

text: Encyclopedia of China

text: Victor J. Katz

categories: 1201 births,Song dynasty politicians from Sichuan,Politicians from Ziyang,Medieval Chinese mathematicians,Scientists from Sichuan,13th-century Chinese writers,Number theorists,Chinese meteorologists,1261 deaths,Chinese inventors,Song dynasty science writers

paragraph: Qin Jiushao

paragraph: Qin Jiushao (, ca. 1202–1261), courtesy name Daogu (道古), was a Chinese mathematician, meteorologist, inventor, politician, and writer. He is credited for discovering Horner's method as well as inventing Tianchi basins, a type of rain gauge instrument used to gather meteorological data.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Although Qin Jiushao was born in Ziyang, Sichuan, his family came from Shandong province. He is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in Chinese history. This is especially remarkable because Qin did not devote his life to mathematics. He was accomplished in many other fields and held a series of bureaucratic positions in several Chinese provinces.

paragraph: Qin wrote "Shùshū Jiǔzhāng" (“Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections”) in 1247 AD. This treatise covered a variety of topics including indeterminate equations and the numerical solution of certain polynomial equations up to 10th order, as well as discussions on military matters and surveying. In the treatise Qin included a general form of the Chinese remainder theorem that used "Da yan shu" (大衍术) or algorithms to solve it. In geometry, he discovered “Qin Jiushao's formula” for finding the area of a triangle from the given lengths of three sides. This formula is the same as Heron’s formula, proved by Heron of Alexandria about 60 BCE, though knowledge of the formula may go back to Archimedes.

paragraph: As precipitation was important agriculture and food production, Qin developed precipitation gauges that was widely used in 1247 during the Southern Song dynasty to gather meteorological data. Qin Jiushao later records the application of rainfall measurements in the mathematical treatise. The book also discusses the use of large snow gauges made from bamboo situated in mountain passes and uplands which are speculated to be first referenced to snow measurement.

paragraph: Qin recorded the earliest explanation of how Chinese calendar experts calculated astronomical data according to the timing of the winter solstice. Among his accomplishments are the introduction techniques for solving certain types of algebraic equations using a numerical algorithm (equivalent to the 19th century Horner's method) and for finding sums of arithmetic series. He also introduced the use of the zero symbol into written Chinese mathematics.

paragraph: After he completed his work on mathematics, he ventured into politics. As a government official he was boastful, corrupt, and was accused of bribery and of poisoning his enemies. As a result, he was relieved of his duties multiple times. Yet in spite of these problems he managed to become very wealthy (Katz, 1993).

paragraph: Section::::Main work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shushu Jiuzhang (Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections)" (1248)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guo, Shuchun. "Encyclopedia of China" (Mathematics Volume), 1st ed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Qin Jiushao, . (Chinese History Timeline), 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ulrich Libbrecht: "Chinese Mathematics in the Thirteenth Century" (The Shu-Shu-Chiu-Chang of Chin Chiu shao) Dover Publication

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victor J. Katz "A history of mathematics: an introduction." New York (1993).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon Fraser University biography for “Qin Jiushao”

description: Chinese mathematician

wikidata_label: Qin Jiushao

wikipedia_title: Qin Jiushao


text:
American football
defensive end
high school football
Belle Glade, Florida
college football
Pittsburgh
National Football League
Chicago Bears
2004 NFL Draft
New York Giants
Detroit Lions
Amsterdam Admirals
NFL Europa
World Bowl XIV
training camp
practice squad
Kansas City Chiefs
Toronto Argonauts
2010 CFL season
Omaha Nighthawks
United Football League
Just Sports Stats

categories: Amsterdam Admirals players,Kansas City Chiefs players,Detroit Lions players,Toronto Argonauts players,1981 births,American football defensive ends,People from Westmoreland Parish,Chicago Bears players,Jamaican players of American football,Pittsburgh Panthers football players,Canadian football defensive linemen,New York Giants players,Living people

paragraph: Claude Harriott

paragraph: Claude Harriott (born April 8, 1981) is a former American football defensive end.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Harriott played high school football at Glades Central Community High School in Belle Glade, Florida. He played college football at Pittsburgh.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Harriott began his professional career in the National Football League by being drafted by the Chicago Bears in the fifth round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He did not make the roster, being released in the final cut.

paragraph: In January 2005, he signed with the New York Giants but was released that April.

paragraph: In 2006, Harriott signed with the Detroit Lions and was allocated to the Amsterdam Admirals of NFL Europa. He appeared in World Bowl XIV. Returning to Detroit, he attended training camp but again was released in the final cut. He was signed to the active roster in December but did not play.

paragraph: Being released by the Lions in September 2007, he signed to the practice squad of the Kansas City Chiefs where he remained until December. He then re-signed with Detroit.

paragraph: In 2008, he attended training camp with the Lions but was again released in the final cut.

paragraph: On September 15, 2008, Harriott signed a practice roster agreement with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League and joined the active roster on September 20. His performance in the seven final games of the season with 20 defensive tackles, 2 sacks, 1 forced fumble, 3 tackles for a loss, and 1 pass knockdown impressed the Argos enough to extend his contract through the 2010 CFL season. On May 27, 2010, the Argonauts released him, stating his knee injury as the primary reason.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Omaha Nighthawks.

paragraph: Harriott was signed by the Omaha Nighthawks on June 10, 2011. He played with them until the United Football League folded in the middle of the 2012 season.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Just Sports Stats

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Claude Harriott

wikipedia_title: Claude Harriott


text: Mexican

text: professional wrestler

text: luchador

text: CMLL

text: AAA

text: WWF

text: TNA

text: World Wrestling Federation

text: Raw is War

text: Light Heavyweight division

text: ring name

text: Taka Michinoku

text: WrestleMania XIV

text: Extreme Championship Wrestling

text: Cyberslam

text: Gillberg

text: Sunday Night Heat

text: Dean Malenko

text: managed

text: Lita

text: Eddie Guerrero

text: Chyna

text: European title

text: Backlash

text: Hardy Boyz

text: Kurt Angle

text: Chris Kanyon

text: WCW United States Championship

text: WWF Metal

text: television

text: Japan

text: bookings

text: El Zorro

text: Charly Manson

text: Los Perros del Mal

text: Perro Aguayo, Jr.

text: Perros del Mal Producciones

text: United States

text: Team AAA

text: Total Nonstop Action Wrestling

text: Abismo Negro

text: Juventud Guerrera

text: Héctor Garza

text: Heavy Metal

text: X Division

text: Psicosis II

text: La Sombra

text: Los Invasores

text: Rayo de Jalisco, Jr.

text: Sin Salida

text: July 16, 2010 Super Viernes

text: Volador, Jr.

text: CMLL World Tag Team Championship

text: 2010 Universal Championship tournament

text: August 6, 2010 Super Viernes

text: La Máscara

text: Dragón Rojo, Jr.

text: Último Guerrero

text: Rey Bucanero

text: Black Warrior

text: Atlantis

text: Delta

text: Guerrero Maya, Jr.

text: Mexican National Trios Championship

text: Kraneo

text: El Bufete del Amor

text: Marco Corleone

text: Maximo

text: Rush

text: Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles

text: Máscara Dorada

text: Mephisto

text: Titán

text: Infierno en el Ring

text: Shocker

text: steel cage

text: AAA

text: 1 time

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: CMLL World Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Héctor Garza

text: CMLL World Trios Championship

text: 1 time

text: Perro Aguayo, Jr.

text: Mexican National Trios Championship

text: 3 times

text: Damian 666

text: Halloween

text: Black Warrior

text: Volador, Jr.

text: Kraneo

text: Psicosis II

text: International Wrestling Association

text: 1 time

text: Copa Higher Power

text: Dr. Cerebro

text: Fantasy

text: Tony Rivera

text: Pro Wrestling Illustrated

text: Total Nonstop Action Wrestling

text: America's X Cup (2004)

text: Juventud Guerrera

text: Abismo Negro

text: Héctor Garza

text: Heavy Metal

text: Universal Wrestling Association

text: 2 times

text: World Wrestling Federation

text: WWF Light Heavyweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: Rookie of the Year

categories: Mexican male professional wrestlers,1977 births,Living people

paragraph: Mr. Águila

paragraph: José Delgado Saldaña (born December 10, 1978) is a Mexican professional wrestler (or "luchador") best known by his ring name Mr. Águila in Mexican wrestling promotions CMLL and AAA. Outside Mexico, Saldaña is best known for his work as Essa Ríos in the WWF and as Papí Chulo in TNA.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:World Wrestling Federation (1997–2001).

paragraph: Delgado made his debut in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) on the November 3, 1997 episode of "Raw is War" as part of its newly relaunched Light Heavyweight division at the age of 19, wrestling under the ring name Águila. This period included a match with Taka Michinoku at WrestleMania XIV for the Light Heavyweight Championship. He had a high-flying match with Michinoku during Extreme Championship Wrestling's 1999 Cyberslam event before capturing the WWF Light Heavyweight title from Gillberg on his 'debut' as Essa Ríos during the February 13, 2000 edition of "Sunday Night Heat". His reign was a short-lived one, as he would lose the title to Dean Malenko a few weeks later. During his time as Essa Ríos, he was managed by Lita who would often repeat Ríos's finishing moves on wrestlers he had just beaten after a match. He and Lita had a feud with Eddie Guerrero and Chyna which led to a European title match between Ríos and then-champion Guerrero at Backlash, which Ríos lost. Ríos' partnership with Lita ended sometime later after an angry Ríos attacked Lita because he had lost a match. It was there that the Hardy Boyz came to Lita's rescue and feuded with him briefly, with Lita becoming their protégé. Ríos lapsed into obscurity by late 2000 but did have a brief feud with Kurt Angle that culminated in a main event match on "Sunday Night Heat".

paragraph: He also had a small involvement in the Invasion angle, most notably unsuccessfully challenging Chris Kanyon for the WCW United States Championship on an episode of "WWF Metal", which would be his last televised match with the company. Having been off television for months, Ríos started accepting Japanese bookings in December 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:AAA (2001–2008).

paragraph: After being released in 2001, he returned to Mexico for several years before working in AAA as part of the LLL storyline. He soon returned to Mexico, however, continuing his feud with El Zorro and forming "X-team" with Juventud Guerrera and Charly Manson. In 2005, he jumped to Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre as a member of Los Perros del Mal which was led by Héctor Garza and Perro Aguayo, Jr. who had jumped from AAA in the past. When Perro Aguayo, Jr. left CMLL in the fall of 2008, Mr. Águila left the promotion with him to help for the "Perros del Mal Producciones".

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2004).

paragraph: Águila made a comeback to the United States in 2004 as part of Team AAA/Mexico in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling with Abismo Negro, Juventud Guerrera, Héctor Garza and Heavy Metal. He competed in TNA as part of the X Division.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (2010–2017).

paragraph: On May 16, 2010, Mr. Águila returned to CMLL, interfering in a match between Psicosis II and La Sombra, siding with Psicosis II and a group called "Los Invasores", the match also saw the return of Rayo de Jalisco, Jr. who ended up siding with CMLL in their war against the outsider group. CMLL later held a press conference announcing that they would hold a special "Sin Salida" event on June 6, 2010 that would center around the "Los Invasores" vs. CMLL storyline. During the press conference it was revealed that Mr. Águila and Héctor Garza were the co-leaders of "Los Invasores". At the July 16, 2010 Super Viernes, Mr. Águila and Héctor Garza defeated the team of La Sombra and Volador, Jr. to win the CMLL World Tag Team Championship. By virtue of holding the CMLL World Tag Team Championship, Mr. Águila participated in the 2010 Universal Championship tournament. He was part of "Block B" that competed on the August 6, 2010 Super Viernes show where he was eliminated from the tournament when he lost to La Máscara in the first round. On November 2, 2010, Águila and Garza lost the CMLL World Tag Team Championship to Dragón Rojo, Jr. and Último Guerrero. On December 3, 2010, at "Sin Piedad 2010" Águila had his trademark hair shaved off after being defeated by Rey Bucanero in a "Lucha de Apuesta". On June 20, 2012, Águila formed the "Los Depredadores del Aire" ("The Flying Predators") stable with Black Warrior and Volador, Jr. Two days later, "Los Depredadores del Aire" defeated "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" (Atlantis, Delta and Guerrero Maya, Jr.) to win the Mexican National Trios Championship. They lost the title back to "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" on October 30, 2012. Águila, this time teaming with "Los Invasores" members Kraneo and Psicosis II, regained the title from "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" on December 16, 2012. In the fall of 2012 "Los Invasores" began a feud against the CMLL World Trios Champions "El Bufete del Amor" ("The Law of Love"; Marco Corleone, Maximo and Rush). The two teams fought several occasions with "El Bufete's" CMLL World Trios Chamipnship on the line, while "Los Invasores" Mexican National Trios Championship being passed over compared to the more prestigious CMLL title. Mr. Águila was forced to team up with Máximo for the 2013 "Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles" ("National Incredible Pairs Tournament"), a tag team tournament teaming up wrestlers who would never team up otherwise, often because they are rivals, would be forced to work together. Mr. Águila and Máximo lost to the team of Máscara Dorada and Mephisto even though they were able to put their differences aside for one night. On June 30, "Los Invasores" lost the Mexican National Trios Championship to La Máscara, Rush and Titán. On July 19 at "Infierno en el Ring", Águila lost his hair to Shocker in a ten-man steel cage "Lucha de Apuestas".

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (2017).

paragraph: In November 2017, Mr. Águila made a surprise appearance at Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AAA

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

paragraph: BULLET::::- CMLL World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Héctor Garza

paragraph: BULLET::::- CMLL World Trios Championship (1 time) – with Héctor Garza and Perro Aguayo, Jr.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Trios Championship (3 times) – with Damian 666 and Halloween (1) and Black Warrior and Volador, Jr. (1), and Kraneo and Psicosis II (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- IWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Wrestling Revolution Group

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Higher Power (1997) – with Dr. Cerebro, Fantasy, Mr. Águila, Neblina and Tony Rivera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling Illustrated

paragraph: BULLET::::- PWI ranked him #446 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Total Nonstop Action Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- America's X Cup (2004) – with Juventud Guerrera, Abismo Negro, Héctor Garza and Heavy Metal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Universal Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- UWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Wrestling Federation

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rookie of the Year (1997)

description: Mexican professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Mr. Águila

wikipedia_title: Mr. Águila


text:
French British
École des Beaux-Arts
Brontë Sisters
World War I
World War II
Queen Elizabeth II
Toulouse
France
Ecole des Beaux Arts
Académie Julian
Holland Park
J. M. Dent
Jane Eyre
The Pall Mall Magazine
Leicester Galleries
Hodder & Stoughton
The Arabian Nights
William Shakespeare
Rubaiyat
Omar Khayyam
Sleeping Beauty
Hans Christian Andersen
Edgar Allan Poe
King Albert
Princess Mary
French Red Cross
Queen of Romania
Tanglewood Tales
The Outlook
Mercury Theatre, Notting Hill Gate
The American Weekly
Hearst
Comus
postage stamp
Great Britain
King George VI
definitives
1948 Summer Olympics
Festival of Britain
Wilding series
Queen Elizabeth II
Dorothy Wilding
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
Marianne de Londres series
banknotes
Free France
World War II
List of Orientalist artists
Orientalism
The Kingdom of the Pearl
Edmund Dulac Collection
Harry Ransom Center
University of Texas at Austin
Helen Beauclerk
at WorldCat

categories: French illustrators,Fantasy artists,20th-century illustrators of fairy tales,French stamp designers,1953 deaths,British illustrators,1882 births,British speculative fiction artists,French speculative fiction artists

paragraph: Edmund Dulac

paragraph: Edmund Dulac (born Edmond Dulac; 22 October 1882 – 25 May 1953) was a French British naturalised magazine illustrator, book illustrator and stamp designer. Born in Toulouse he studied law but later turned to the study of art at the École des Beaux-Arts. He moved to London early in the 20th century and in 1905 received his first commission to illustrate the novels of the Brontë Sisters. During World War I, Dulac produced relief books and when after the war the deluxe children's book market shrank he turned to magazine illustrations among other ventures. He designed banknotes during World War II and postage stamps, most notably those that heralded the beginning of Queen Elizabeth II's reign.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Born in Toulouse, France, he began his career by studying law at the University of Toulouse. He also studied art, switching to it full-time after he became bored with law, and having won prizes at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. He spent a very brief period at the Académie Julian in Paris in 1904 before moving to London.

paragraph: Settling in London's Holland Park, the 22-year-old Frenchman was commissioned by the publisher J. M. Dent to illustrate "Jane Eyre". and nine other volumes of works by the Brontë sisters. He then became a regular contributor to "The Pall Mall Magazine", and joined the London Sketch Club, which introduced him to the foremost book and magazine illustrators of the day. Through these he began an association with the Leicester Galleries and Hodder & Stoughton; the gallery commissioned illustrations from Dulac which they sold in an annual exhibition, while publishing rights to the paintings were taken up by Hodder & Stoughton for reproduction in illustrated gift books, publishing one book a year. Books produced under this arrangement by Dulac include "Stories from The Arabian Nights" (1907) with 50 colour images; an edition of William Shakespeare's "The Tempest" (1908) with 40 colour illustrations; "The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam" (1909) with 20 colour images; "The Sleeping Beauty and Other Fairy Tales" (1910); "Stories from Hans Christian Andersen" (1911); "The Bells and Other Poems by Edgar Allan Poe" (1912) with 28 colour images and many monotone illustrations; and "Princess Badoura" (1913).

paragraph: Dulac became a naturalised British citizen on 17 February 1912.

paragraph: During World War I he contributed to relief books, including "King Albert's Book" (1914), "Princess Mary's Gift Book", and, unusually, his own "Edmund Dulac's Picture-Book for the French Red Cross" (1915) including 20 colour images. Hodder and Stoughton also published "The Dreamer of Dreams" (1915) including 6 colour images – a work composed by the then Queen of Romania.

paragraph: Dulac's wife was Helen Beauclerk, author of "The Green Lacqueur Pavilion", 1926, and "The Love of the Foolish Angel", 1929, both of which books have his illustrations.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: After the war, the deluxe edition illustrated book became a rarity and Dulac's career in this field was over. His last such books were "Edmund Dulac's Fairy Book" (1916), the "Tanglewood Tales" (1918) (including 14 colour images) and "The Kingdom of the Pearl" (1920). His career continued in other areas however, including newspaper caricatures (especially at "The Outlook"), portraiture, theatre costume and set design, bookplates, chocolate boxes, medals, and various graphics (especially for The Mercury Theatre, Notting Hill Gate).

paragraph: He also produced illustrations for "The American Weekly", a Sunday supplement belonging to the Hearst newspaper chain in America and Britain's "Country Life". Country Life Limited (London) published "Gods and Mortals in Love" (1935) (including 9 colour images) based on a number of the contributions made by Dulac to "Country Life" previously. "The Daughter of the Stars" (1939) was a further publication to benefit from Dulac's artwork - due to constraints related to the outbreak of World War II, that title included just 2 colour images. He continued to produce books for the rest of his life, more so than any of his contemporaries, although these were less frequent and less lavish than during the Golden Age.

paragraph: Halfway through his final book commission (Milton's "Comus"), Dulac died of a heart attack on 25 May 1953 in London.

paragraph: Section::::Stamp design.

paragraph: He designed postage stamps for Great Britain, including the postage stamp issued to commemorate the Coronation of King George VI that was issued on 13 May 1937. The head of the King used on all the stamps of that reign was his design and he also designed the 2s 6d and 5s values for the 'arms series' high value definitives and contributed designs for the sets of stamps issued to commemorate the 1948 Summer Olympics and the Festival of Britain.

paragraph: Dulac was one of the designers of the Wilding series stamps, which were the first definitive stamps of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II. He was responsible for the frame around the image of the Queen on the 1s, 1s 3d and 1s 6d values although his image of the Queen was rejected in favour of a photographic portrait by Dorothy Wilding to which he carried out some modifications by hand. He also designed the 1s 3d value stamp of the set issued to commemorate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II but he died just before it was issued.

paragraph: Dulac designed stamps (Marianne de Londres series) and banknotes for Free France during World War II. In the early 1940s Edmund Dulac also prepared a project for a Polish 20-zlotych note for the Bank of Poland (Bank Polski). This banknote (printed in England in 1942 but dated 1939) was ordered by the Polish Government in Exile and was never issued.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Orientalist artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orientalism

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hughey, Ann (1995). "Edmund Dulac - His Book Illustrations: A Bibliography"

paragraph: BULLET::::- White, Colin. "Edmund Dulac", Studio Vista 1976

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Kingdom of the Pearl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmund Dulac Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helen Beauclerk at LC Authorities and at WorldCat

alias:
Edmond Dulac (birth name)
Edmond Dulac

description: French-born British illustrator and stamp designer

wikidata_label: Edmund Dulac

wikipedia_title: Edmund Dulac


text:
bossa nova
Stan Getz
Jazz Samba
fingerstyle
Suffolk, Virginia
Chuckatuck
mandolin
steel guitar
bass
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
United States Army
World War II
G.I. Carmen
jazz theory
Manhattan
classical guitar
Sophocles Papas
Andrés Segovia
gypsy
Django Reinhardt
double bassist
Keter Betts
Woody Herman
State Department
Vince Guaraldi
Bill Harris
Nat Adderley
Felix Grant
bossa nova
João Gilberto
Antonio Carlos Jobim
Creed Taylor
Verve Records
Keter Betts
Bill Reichenbach
Buddy Deppenschmidt
samba
Unitarian
Jazz Samba
Billboard
John Coltrane
Down Beat
Desafinado
Riverside Records
Les McCann
Zoot Sims
Newport Jazz Festival
Malcolm Boyd
MGM
Annapolis, Maryland
Cal Tjader
Herb Ellis
Barney Kessel
Great Guitars
Aldemaro Romero
George Gershwin
Irving Berlin
Annapolis Brass Quintet
Silver Spring, Maryland
sailboating
Annapolis, Maryland
Knight
Brazil
Rio Branco
Maryland
Buck Clayton
Tommy Gwaltney
Goin' to Kansas City
Helen Merrill
The Artistry of Helen Merrill
Mainstream
Joe Glazer

categories: Latin jazz guitarists,Swing guitarists,People from Suffolk, Virginia,20th-century male musicians,American army personnel of World War II,1999 deaths,Brazilian jazz (genre) guitarists,Bossa nova guitarists,Concord Records artists,Deaths from cancer in Maryland,1925 births,Guitarists from Virginia,Deaths from lung cancer,American acoustic guitarists,American jazz guitarists,Columbia Records artists,American male guitarists,Jazz musicians from Virginia,20th-century American guitarists,Fingerstyle guitarists,Riverside Records artists,Virginia Tech alumni,Male jazz musicians

paragraph: Charlie Byrd

paragraph: Charlie Lee Byrd (September 16, 1925 – December 2, 1999) was an American jazz guitarist. Byrd was best known for his association with Brazilian music, especially bossa nova. In 1962, he collaborated with Stan Getz on the album "Jazz Samba", a recording which brought bossa nova into the mainstream of North American music.

paragraph: Byrd played fingerstyle on a classical guitar.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Charlie Byrd was born in Suffolk, Virginia, in 1925 and grew up in the borough of Chuckatuck. His father, a mandolinist and guitarist, taught him how to play the acoustic steel guitar at age 10. Byrd had three brothers, Oscar, Jack, and Gene "Joe" Byrd, who was a bass player. In 1942 Byrd entered the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and played in the school orchestra. In 1943 he was drafted into the United States Army for World War II, saw combat, then was stationed in Paris in 1945 where he played in an Army Special Services band and toured occupied Europe in the all-soldier production "G.I. Carmen".

paragraph: After the war, Byrd returned to the United States and went to New York City, where he studied composition and jazz theory at the Harnett National Music School in Manhattan, New York City. During this time he began playing a classical guitar. After moving to Washington, D.C. in 1950, he studied classical guitar with Sophocles Papas for several years. In 1954 he became a pupil of the Spanish classical guitarist Andrés Segovia and spent time studying in Italy with Segovia.

paragraph: Byrd's earliest and greatest influence was the gypsy guitarist Django Reinhardt, whom he saw perform in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1957 Byrd met double bassist Keter Betts in a Washington, D.C., club called the Vineyard. The two began doing gigs together, and by October they were frequently performing at a club called the Showboat. In 1959 the pair joined Woody Herman's band and toured Europe for three weeks as part of a State Department-sponsored goodwill tour. The other members of the band were Vince Guaraldi, Bill Harris, Nat Adderley and drummer Jimmy Campbell. Byrd led his own groups that sometimes featured his brother Joe. Byrd was also active as a teacher in the late 1950s; he trained guitar students at his home in Washington, D.C., each required to audition before he agreed to be their teacher.

paragraph: Byrd was introduced to Brazilian music by Felix Grant, a friend and radio host who had contacts in Brazil in the late 1950s, and who was well-known there by 1960 due to the efforts of Brazilian radio broadcaster Paulo Santos. Following a spring 1961 diplomatic tour of South America (including Brazil) for the State Department, Byrd returned home and met with Stan Getz at the Showboat Lounge. Byrd invited Getz back to his home to listen to some bossa nova recordings by João Gilberto and Antonio Carlos Jobim which he had brought back. Getz liked what he heard and the two decided that they wanted to make an album of the songs. The task of creating an authentic sound, however, proved much more challenging than either had anticipated.

paragraph: Getz convinced Creed Taylor at Verve Records to produce the album. Taylor and Byrd assembled a group of musicians they knew. These early sessions did not turn out to either man's liking, so Byrd gathered a group of musicians that had been to Brazil with him previously and practiced with them in Washington, D.C. until he felt they were ready to record. The group included his brother Gene ("Joe") Byrd, as well as Keter Betts, Bill Reichenbach and Buddy Deppenschmidt. Reichenbach and Deppenschmidt were drummers, and the combination made it easier to achieve samba rhythm. Finally the group was deemed ready and Getz and Taylor arrived in Washington, D.C. on February 13, 1962. They recorded in a building adjacent to All Souls Unitarian Church because of the building's excellent acoustics.

paragraph: "Jazz Samba" was released in April 1962, and by September it had entered the "Billboard" pop album chart. By March of the following year the album had moved to number one. The term "bossa nova" wasn't used until later. The album remained on the charts for seventy weeks, and Getz soon beat John Coltrane in a "Down Beat" poll. One of the album's most popular tunes was a Jobim hit, titled "Desafinado".

paragraph: Following the success of "Jazz Samba", Byrd signed with Riverside Records, which rereleased six of his albums recorded for the small Offbeat label, a subsidiary of Washington Records.

paragraph: In 1963, Byrd toured Europe with Les McCann and Zoot Sims. Between 1964 and 1965 he appeared at the Newport Jazz Festival with Episcopal priest Malcolm Boyd, accompanying prayers from his book "Are You Running With Me Jesus?" with guitar. In 1967 Byrd brought a lawsuit against Stan Getz and MGM, contending that he was unfairly paid for his contributions to the 1962 album "Jazz Samba". The jury agreed with Byrd and awarded him half the royalties from the album.

paragraph: In 1973 Byrd moved to Annapolis, Maryland, and in September of that year he recorded an album with Cal Tjader titled "Tambú", the only recording the two would make together. That same year Byrd joined guitarists Herb Ellis and Barney Kessel and formed the Great Guitars group, which also included drummer Johnny Rae. Byrd collaborated with Venezuelan pianist and composer Aldemaro Romero on the album "Onda Nueva/The New Wave".

paragraph: From 1980 through 1996, he released several of his arrangements to the jazz and classical guitar community through Guitarist's Forum (gfmusic.com), including "Charlie Byrd's Christmas Guitar Solos", "Mozart: Seven Waltzes For Classical Guitar", and "The Charlie Byrd Library" featuring the music of George Gershwin and Irving Berlin. He also collaborated with the Annapolis Brass Quintet in the late 1980s, appearing with them in over 50 concerts across the United States and releasing two albums.

paragraph: Byrd played for several years at a jazz club in Silver Spring, Maryland, called The Showboat II which was owned and managed by his manager, Peter Lambros. He was also home-based at the King of France Tavern nightclub at the Maryland Inn in Annapolis from 1973 until his death in 1999. In 1992 the book "Jazz Cooks"—by Bob Young and Al Stankus—was published by Stewart, Tabori & Chang, a compilation of recipes that include a few recipes from Byrd. He also authored the 1973 publication "Charlie Byrd's Melodic Method for Guitar".

paragraph: On March 13, 14, 15, 16, 1963 Byrd travelled two hours south of Washington, DC to the University of Virginia in Charlottesville to provide music for an original musical, “Lament For Guitar and Two Lovers.” The play was by Lee Devin of the UVa drama department, with music for 10-piece ensemble by Sidney Hodkinsom of the UVa music department. Two night’s later on March 18, the Byrd trio played a concert at Cabell Hall, the university’s acoustic auditorium.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Byrd was married to Rebecca Byrd, and has two daughters from previous marriages, Carol Rose of Charlotte, NC, and Charlotte Byrd of Crownsville, MD. He loved sailboating, and owned a twenty-six-foot boat called "I'm Hip" that he sailed to various parts of the world.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Charlie Byrd died of lung cancer on December 2, 1999 at his home in Annapolis, Maryland at the age of 74.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 – Knighted by the government of Brazil as a Knight of the Rio Branco

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 – deemed a "Maryland Art Treasure" by the Community Arts Alliance of Maryland

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: With Buck Clayton and Tommy Gwaltney's Kansas City 9

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Goin' to Kansas City" (Riverside, 1960)

paragraph: With Helen Merrill

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Artistry of Helen Merrill" (Mainstream, 1965)

paragraph: With Joe Glazer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Garbage and Other Songs of Our Times" (Collector, 1971)

description: American guitarist

wikidata_label: Charlie Byrd

wikipedia_title: Charlie Byrd


text: Soviet

text: Russia

text: pianist

text: Alexander Scriabin

text: Frédéric Chopin

text: St. Petersburg

text: Warsaw

text: Nikolai Rubinstein

text: Aleksander Michałowski

text: Petrograd Conservatory

text: Leonid Nikolayev

text: Dmitri Shostakovich

text: Maria Yudina

text: Alexander Glazunov

text: Alexander Ossovsky

text: France

text: Potsdam Conference

text: Stalin

text: Moscow Conservatory

text: Sviatoslav Richter

text: Emil Gilels

text: Beethoven

text: Schubert

text: Chopin

text: Schumann

text: Liszt

text: Lyadov

text: Rachmaninoff

text: Medtner

text: Prokofiev

text: Viviana Sofronitsky

text: Frédéric Chopin

text: Johann Sebastian Bach

text: Nikolai Medtner

text: Sviatoslav Richter

text: Emil Gilels

text: Schumann

text: Chopin

text: mazurka

text: waltz

text: Vers la flamme

text: Stalin Prize

text: Honoured Artist of the RSFSR

text: Vladimir Sofronitsky official website

text: Recording of Sofronitsky teaching

categories: 1901 births,Russian classical pianists,Soviet classical pianists,Honored Artists of the RSFSR,Piano pedagogues,Russian music educators,Stalin Prize winners,1961 deaths

paragraph: Vladimir Sofronitsky

paragraph: Vladimir Vladimirovich Sofronitsky (or Sofronitzky; , "Vladimir Sofronitskij"; – August 26, 1961) was a Soviet-Russian classical pianist, best known as an interpreter of the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin and Frédéric Chopin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Vladimir Sofronitsky was born in St. Petersburg to a physics teacher father and a mother from an artistic family. In 1903, his family moved to Warsaw, where he started piano lessons with Anna Lebedeva-Getcevich (a student of Nikolai Rubinstein), and later (at age nine) with Aleksander Michałowski.

paragraph: From 1916 to 1921, Sofronitsky studied in the Petrograd Conservatory under Leonid Nikolayev, where Dmitri Shostakovich, Maria Yudina, and Elena Scriabina, the eldest daughter of the deceased Alexander Scriabin, were among his classmates. He met Scriabina in 1917 and married her in 1920. While he had already divulged a sympathy for the piano music of the recently deceased mystic composer—as attested by Yudina—he now had a greater intellectual and emotional connection to Scriabin's works through his wife and through the Scriabin in-laws. Sofronitsky was also acclaimed as an outstanding pianist by the composer Alexander Glazunov and the musicologist and critic Alexander Ossovsky.

paragraph: He gave his first solo concert in 1919, and his only foreign tour in France between 1928 and 1929. The only other time he performed outside the Soviet Union was at the Potsdam Conference in 1945, when he was suddenly sent by Stalin to play for the allied leaders.

paragraph: Sofronitsky taught at the Leningrad Conservatory from 1936 to 1942, and then at the Moscow Conservatory until his death.

paragraph: He gave many performances at the Scriabin Museum in Moscow, especially during the latter part of his career.

paragraph: Sofronitsky made a fair number of recordings in the last two decades of his life, but a relatively small number overall compared with the titanic efforts of his younger countrymen Sviatoslav Richter and Emil Gilels. Drawn principally to Romantic repertoire, Sofronitsky recorded a large number of Scriabin works and also compositions by Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, Liszt, Lyadov, Rachmaninoff, Medtner, Prokofiev, and others.

paragraph: His daughter (through his second wife) is the Canadian classical pianist Viviana Sofronitsky.

paragraph: Section::::Repertoire.

paragraph: Having met Scriabin's daughter only after her father's death, Sofronitsky never met the composer. Nevertheless, his wife vouched that the pianist was the most authentic interpreter of her late father's works. The other composer with whom Sofronitsky had the greatest affinity is Frédéric Chopin. He once told an interviewer: "A love for Chopin has followed me through the course of my entire life." Beyond Chopin and Scriabin, Sofronitsky had a wide repertoire spanning major composers from Johann Sebastian Bach to Nikolai Medtner and reaching as far as the works of Boris Goltz (1913–1942), with a focus on 19th-century Romantic composers and early 20th-century Russians.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition and recordings.

paragraph: Although little known in the West, never having toured or recorded there, Sofronitsky was held in the highest regard in his native land. Sviatoslav Richter and Emil Gilels looked up to Sofronitsky as their master, and famously, when Sofronitsky once drunkenly proclaimed that Richter was a genius, in return Richter toasted him and proclaimed him a god. Upon hearing of Sofronitsky's death, Gilels was reputed to have said that "the greatest pianist in the world has died."

paragraph: Sofronitsky's recordings have not been issued systematically in the West. One noteworthy release, in BMG's "Russian Piano School" series, contains a complete concert, including a mercurial and highly praised account of Schumann's Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 11. His issue in Philips' "Great Pianists of the Twentieth Century" features Chopin mazurkas and waltzes on the first CD and some of his legendary Scriabin on the second, including the 2nd (first movement), 3rd, 4th, and 9th sonatas and a performance of "Vers la flamme". Denon Classics' (Japan) Vladimir Sofronitsky Edition is a series of 15 CDs, ten of which remain in print. Other Sofronitsky recordings have been issued by such labels as Arkadia, Arlecchino, Chant du Monde, Multisonic, Urania, and, most notably, Vista Vera, which has released seventeen volumes of Sofronitsky recordings as of April, 2010.

paragraph: He was awarded a Stalin Prize of the first class in 1943 and proclaimed an Honoured Artist of the RSFSR in 1942.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vladimir Sofronitsky official website  (in English and in Russian)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vladimir Sofronitsky Tribute – Discography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denon Classics' Russian releases (Japanese)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Yudina's recollection on Sofronitsky

paragraph: BULLET::::- Recording of Sofronitsky teaching

description: Soviet pianist

enwikiquote_title: Vladimir Sofronitsky

wikidata_label: Vladimir Sofronitsky

wikipedia_title: Vladimir Sofronitsky


text: footballer

text: 1953 FA Cup Final

text: Matthews

text: hat-trick

text: FA Cup Final

text: FIFA World Cup

text: South Shields

text: war

text: RAF

text: Blackpool

text: RAF Lossiemouth

text: Aberdeen

text: Arsenal

text: Wales

text: England

text: Ivor Powell

text: wing half

text: inside-left

text: Portugal

text: Sweden

text: Hungary

text: Blackpool

text: FA Cup

text: Hull City

text: Southport

text: Bath City

text: Lancaster City

text: First Division

text: 1953 FA Cup Final

text: Bolton Wanderers

text: Bill Perry

text: Southport

text: annual general meeting

text: FA Cup

text: Bolton Wanderers

text: Nat Lofthouse

text: 1953 FA Cup Final

text: Scunthorpe United

text: Fourth Division play-off final

text: Torquay United

text: Carleton Crematorium

text: Carleton

text: Lancashire

text: EP

text: The Trumpton Riots

text: Back in the DHSS

text: indie

text: Half Man Half Biscuit

text: English Football Hall of Fame

text: Jimmy Armfield

text: Bloomfield Road

text: The Game of Their Lives

text: Gavin Rossdale

text: Bush

text: Geordie

text: Hall of Fame

text: Bloomfield Road

text: Jimmy Armfield

text: FA Cup

text: Playing profile at Soccerbase

text: Managerial profile at Soccerbase

categories: Sportspeople from South Shields,English people of Norwegian descent,England international footballers,English Football Hall of Fame inductees,English Football League representative players,English Football League players,Huddersfield Town A.F.C. wartime guest players,First Division/Premier League top scorers,Lancaster City F.C. players,English football managers,1950 FIFA World Cup players,Royal Air Force personnel of World War II,Dual internationalists (football),1921 births,Arsenal F.C. wartime guest players,Southport F.C. players,Watford F.C. wartime guest players,Hull City A.F.C. players,Blackpool F.C. players,Blackpool F.C. managers,Aberdeen F.C. wartime guest players,Wales wartime international footballers,English footballers,Bath City F.C. players,England wartime international footballers,1991 deaths

paragraph: Stan Mortensen

paragraph: Stanley Harding Mortensen (26 May 1921 – 22 May 1991) was an English professional footballer, most famous for his part in the 1953 FA Cup Final (subsequently known as the "Matthews Final"), in which he became the only player ever to score a hat-trick in a Wembley FA Cup Final. He was also both the first player to score for England in a FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign and the first England player to score in the tournament proper.

paragraph: Section::::Wartime career.

paragraph: South Shields-born Mortensen went to war in 1939 as a teenage wireless operator and overcame an injury – sustained when his RAF bomber crashed, leaving him as the only survivor – to be signed by Blackpool in 1941. While stationed at RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland, he played several unofficial matches for Aberdeen, also turning out as a guest for Arsenal with an impressive scoring record (25 goals in 19 appearances).

paragraph: During the war, he scored dozens of goals before making a strange piece of history by switching teams to play for Wales when they needed a reserve during a game against England on 25 September 1943. Wales' Ivor Powell was injured and had to leave the field and, as England's reserve, Mortensen took his place in the Welsh side. Wales lost 8–3, and Stanley Matthews later wrote of the game: "Nobody in the 80,000 crowd had any idea that Mortensen was going to change. When, a quarter of an hour later, the player in the red jersey returned to the field, a cheer went up from the crowd, who — not knowing the seriousness of Powell's injury — were under the impression the injured Welsh wing half was returning. Even when "Powell" went to inside-left, the onlookers did not suspect anything unusual, as team switches are often necessary after a player has been injured. Even some of the England players did not know that Mortensen was playing on the other side, and the football reporters, whose headquarters at Wembley are at the top of the main stand, did not know of the change until after half-time."

paragraph: Section::::Post-war career.

paragraph: On 25 May 1947, Mortensen made his full England debut against Portugal and immediately announced himself on the scene by scoring four goals in a 10–0 win. The next year, Mortensen played all six England internationals and scored seven goals, including a hat-trick against Sweden. He was also a member of the England team that lost 6–3 to Hungary.

paragraph: In a playing career spent mostly with Blackpool, Mortensen scored 197 league goals in 317 games. By the end of his career, he had played twenty-five times for England and scored 23 goals.

paragraph: Between 1945 and 1950, Mortensen scored in twelve consecutive rounds of the FA Cup, including the Final in 1948.

paragraph: After nine years with Blackpool, Mortensen went on to play for Hull City, Southport, Bath City and, after coming out of retirement, Lancaster City.

paragraph: Mortensen topped the First Division goalscoring charts in 1950–51, with 30 goals. His most famous performance occurred two years later in the 1953 FA Cup Final, when he helped Blackpool to a 4–3 win against Bolton Wanderers, after being 3–1 down, by scoring a hat-trick. Mortensen's third goal came with just a minute left in the game, and Bill Perry's injury-time goal sealed the victory.

paragraph: After joining Southport, Mortensen announced his retirement from playing on 24 April 1958, at the age of 37. "I have been having trouble with my knee and have had several injections," he said, after deciding against renewing his contract. "Making the decision was not easy." Despite the announcement, he went on to play for two more non-League clubs over four years.

paragraph: Section::::Post-retirement.

paragraph: After retiring for good, Mortensen returned to Blackpool as manager between 1967 and 1969, when he was sacked. He also auctioned his football medals in order to help Blackpool through a tough spell.

paragraph: On 20 October 1983, at the Blackpool supporters' annual general meeting, Mortensen was voted vice-president.

paragraph: On 18 November 1989, Mortensen led the Blackpool team out onto the Bloomfield Road pitch for their FA Cup first-round tie with Bolton Wanderers. Former Bolton Wanderers forward Nat Lofthouse, who faced Mortensen and Blackpool in the 1953 FA Cup Final, led the visitors out.

paragraph: Twelve days later, on 30 November, a tribute dinner for Mortensen was held at Blackpool's Savoy Hotel. Attended by many former Blackpool players, the event was arranged to honour "Morty"s fifty years of service to both Blackpool Football Club and the town.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Mortensen died four days before his 70th birthday, on 22 May 1991, the day Blackpool reached Wembley for the first time since 1953. They had beaten Scunthorpe United 3–2 on aggregate to reach the Fourth Division play-off final. A minute's silence was held before the final against Torquay United. Blackpool went on to lose the match to Torquay on penalties.

paragraph: On his death, it was said, "They'll probably call it the Matthews funeral," in reference to Mortensen's overshadowing by Stanley Matthews after the 1953 FA Cup Final. His funeral was held at St John's parish church, Blackpool, and he was cremated at Carleton Crematorium in Carleton, Lancashire.

paragraph: The month of May became associated with much of his life. During May, he was born, signed professionally, made his England debut, won the FA Cup, and died.

paragraph: Mortensen is mentioned with admiration in the song "1966 and All That" on the 1986 vinyl EP "The Trumpton Riots" (incorporated into the 2003 CD re-release of the 1985 album "Back in the DHSS") by the indie band Half Man Half Biscuit, who call him "The Tangerine Wizard" and "The Jesus Christ of Bloomfield Road".

paragraph: In 2003, Mortensen was posthumously inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in recognition of his talent and achievements.

paragraph: On 23 August 2005, a statue of Mortensen was unveiled by his widow, Jean, and former Blackpool teammate Jimmy Armfield in front of Bloomfield Road's new North Stand, which now bears his name. "Of all the honours that Stan won in football, he would think this was top of the league. He was so very proud of playing for Blackpool and loved everything about the town. Nothing was ever too much trouble for him when the club or town came knocking. For him to be remembered in a statue, he would think it was the "creme de la creme". A massive thank-you has to go to the generous people of Blackpool, who have dug deep to raise money for this. Stan would have been really proud." Jean Mortensen died in July 2009 at the age of 88.

paragraph: In the 2005 film "The Game of Their Lives" he is portrayed by Gavin Rossdale of Bush fame. The BBC notes that some viewers may be amused by the fact that "Mortensen – a working class Geordie – [is] portrayed [in the film] as [a] sneering toff", suggesting that the American film stereotyped English players in a "wooden and cliched" manner.

paragraph: Section::::Blackpool F.C. Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Mortensen was inducted into the Hall of Fame at Bloomfield Road, when it was officially opened by former Blackpool player Jimmy Armfield in April 2006. Organised by the Blackpool Supporters Association, Blackpool fans around the world voted on their all-time heroes. Five players from each decade are inducted; Mortensen is in the 1950s.

paragraph: Section::::International goals.

paragraph: Stats taken from England national football team results (1930–59).

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Blackpool

paragraph: BULLET::::- FA Cup winner: 1953

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Blackpool F.C.'s official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Playing profile at Soccerbase

paragraph: BULLET::::- Managerial profile at Soccerbase

paragraph: BULLET::::- England profile at the FA's official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appearances and goals record for England

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mortensen in the Blackpool Supporters Association Hall of Fame

description: English footballer and manager

wikidata_label: Stan Mortensen

wikipedia_title: Stan Mortensen


text:
Robert II of Bellême
Agnes of Ponthieu
count of Ponthieu
abbey of Cluny
Henry I
battle of Tinchebrai
Duke Robert's
King Louis
France
Geoffrey of Anjou
Helie of Burgundy
Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy
Gesta Normannorum Ducum
Guy II
John I, Count of Alençon
Elias II, Count of Maine
Rotrou III, Count of Perche
Walter of Mayenne
William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey
Patrick of Salisbury

categories: 12th-century Normans,1090s births,Counts of Ponthieu

paragraph: William III, Count of Ponthieu

paragraph: William III of Ponthieu ( – 1172) also called William (II; III) Talvas. He was seigneur de Montgomery in Normandy and Count of Ponthieu.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: William was son of Robert II of Bellême and Agnes of Ponthieu. He succeeded his father as count of Ponthieu some time between 1105 and 1111, when he alone as count made a gift to the abbey of Cluny. His father Robert de Bellême had turned against Henry I on several occasions, had escaped capture at the battle of Tinchebrai in 1106 commanding Duke Robert's rear guard and later, while serving as envoy for King Louis of France, he was arrested by Henry I and imprisoned for life. William was naturally driven by this to oppose King Henry. In June 1119, however, Henry I restored all his father's lands in Normandy. Sometime prior to 1126, William resigned the county of Ponthieu to his son Guy but retained the title of count. In 1135 Henry I again confiscated all his Norman lands to which William responded by joining count Geoffrey of Anjou in his invasion of Normandy after Henry I's death

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married, abt. 1115, Helie of Burgundy, daughter of Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy. The "Gesta Normannorum Ducum" says that they had five children, three sons and two daughters. Europäische Stammtafeln, however, shows eleven. The five both agree on are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy II. He assumed the county of Ponthieu during his father Talvas' lifetime, but died in 1147 predeceasing his father.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William, Count of Alençon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John I, Count of Alençon, married Beatrix d'Anjou, daughter of Elias II, Count of Maine and Philippa, daughter of Rotrou III, Count of Perche.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clemence married (abt. 1189) Juhel, son of Walter of Mayenne.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adela (aka Ela) married William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey. She married, secondly, Patrick of Salisbury.

paragraph: Section::::Additional References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni", edited and translated by Elisabeth M. C. Van Houts, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995.

description: Count of Ponthieu

wikidata_label: William III, Count of Ponthieu

wikipedia_title: William III, Count of Ponthieu


text: Habsburg Austria

text: Austro-Turkish War

text: French Revolutionary Wars

text: Napoleonic Wars

text: court-martial

text: Habsburg Austria

text: Oberleutnant

text: Hauptmann

text: Oberst

text: Ottoman Turkey

text: Slatina-Timiş

text: Mehadia

text: Siege of Belgrade

text: grenadiers

text: Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor

text: General-major

text: Military Order of Maria Theresa

text: War of the First Coalition

text: Battle of Jemappes

text: Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville

text: Electorate of Trier

text: Grevenmacher

text: Chevau-léger

text: Aldenhoven

text: Henri Christian Michel de Stengel

text: Battle of Neerwinden

text: Siege of Valenciennes

text: Siege of Dunkirk

text: József Alvinczi

text: Battle of Le Cateau

text: Feldmarschall-Leutnant

text: William, Hereditary Prince of Orange

text: François Sébastien de Croix de Clerfayt

text: Rhine

text: Battle of Mainz

text: Battle of Pfeddersheim

text: Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen

text: Rhine Campaign of 1796

text: Battle of Würzburg

text: Wilhelm von Wartensleben

text: Johann Kollowrat

text: Joseph von Schellenberg

text: Ludwig von Vogelsang

text: Lazare Hoche

text: Army of Sambre-et-Meuse

text: Battle of Neuwied

text: Jean Etienne Championnet

text: Pál Kray

text: Paul Grenier

text: François Joseph Lefebvre

text: Treaty of Leoben

text: War of the Third Coalition

text: Napoleon I of France

text: Karl Mack von Lieberich

text: chief of staff

text: Lech River

text: Iller River

text: Ulm

text: Francis I of Austria

text: Franz Jellacic

text: Lake Constance

text: Michael von Kienmayer

text: Ingolstadt

text: Danube

text: Jean Lannes

text: Joachim Murat

text: I

text: II

text: III

text: IV

text: VI Corps

text: Vienna

text: Wertingen

text: Günzburg

text: Battle of Haslach-Jungingen

text: Johann Sigismund Riesch

text: Elchingen

text: Michel Ney

text: Battle of Elchingen

text: Langenau

text: Herbrechtingen

text: Nördlingen

text: Neresheim

text: Treuchtlingen

text: Bohemia

text: Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg

text: Ulm

text: court-martial

text: Hradec Králové

text: Reinhard von Werneck

text: Electorate of Bavaria

categories: Austrian generals,Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars,1806 deaths,Barons of Austria,People from the Duchy of Württemberg,1748 births,Austrian Empire military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars,People from Stuttgart

paragraph: Franz von Werneck

paragraph: Franz Freiherr von Werneck, born 13 October 1748 – died 17 January 1806, enlisted in the army of Habsburg Austria and fought in the Austro-Turkish War, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. He enjoyed a distinguished career until 1797, when he lost a battle and was dismissed as punishment. He was only reinstated in 1805. In that year he surrendered his command and was later brought up on charges. He died while awaiting a court-martial.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Born in the Württemberg royal residence on 13 October 1748, Werneck entered the service of Habsburg Austria in 1764 as an Oberleutnant in the "Weid-Runkel" Infantry Regiment Nr. 28. Shortly afterward, he transferred to the "Stain" Infantry Regiment Nr. 50 as a Hauptmann (captain). After 20 years of service in the regiment he became its Oberst (colonel) in 1784. During the war with Ottoman Turkey, he led his troops in the first of several actions at Slatina-Timiş on 13 September 1788, where he captured a hill. The following year he fought at Mehadia. Werneck made his reputation on 30 September 1789 while leading the 1st Assault Column at the Siege of Belgrade. On this occasion his command included a battalion of the "Stain" Regiment, a battalion of grenadiers, and a company of volunteers. On 9 October after the siege was successfully concluded, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor appointed him General-major. On 19 December 1790, he was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa.

paragraph: Section::::French Revolutionary Wars.

paragraph: After the outbreak of the War of the First Coalition, Werneck led a contingent of grenadiers with distinction at the Battle of Jemappes on 6 November 1792. In December 1792, Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville led 20,000 French troops to overrun the Electorate of Trier. He was opposed by a force commanded by Friedrich Wilhelm, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg. The defenders were surrounded by 4 December, but thereafter they repelled repeated French attacks. In this stage of the fighting, Werneck commanded the Reserve at Grevenmacher which included single battalions of the "Matheson" Infantry Regiment Nr. 42 and "Murray" Infantry Regiment Nr. 55, plus two squadrons of the "Latour" Chevau-léger Regiment Nr. 31. By 17 December, the French effort collapsed and Beurnonville's army melted away.

paragraph: Werneck was present at Aldenhoven on 1 March 1793 where Henri Christian Michel de Stengel's column was defeated by two Austrian cavalry regiments. He fought in the Battle of Neerwinden on 18 March. He served at the successful Siege of Valenciennes from 25 May to 27 July and at the failed Siege of Dunkirk from 24 August to 8 September. He led a brigade in József Alvinczi's Reserve at the Battle of Le Cateau on 29 March 1794. Promoted to Feldmarschall-Leutnant on 28 May, he served in the army of William, Hereditary Prince of Orange. In 1795 he led troops in François Sébastien de Croix de Clerfayt's army on the middle Rhine. The actions included the Battle of Mainz on 29 October, where he led the Reserve, and the Battle of Pfeddersheim on 10 November.

paragraph: Werneck served in Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen's brilliant Rhine Campaign of 1796. At the Battle of Würzburg on 3 September, he led a division of 12 grenadier battalions in Wilhelm von Wartensleben's Reserve. His brigade commanders were Johann Kollowrat, Joseph von Schellenberg, and Ludwig von Vogelsang. On 18 September he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. When Charles took troops to join Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour, Werneck was left in command of the independent "Army of the Lower Rhine" beginning in September. His position remained unmolested by the French during the winter. On 18 April, Lazare Hoche and 38,000 French troops from the "Army of Sambre-et-Meuse" caught Werneck's 21,000 Austrians by surprise in the Battle of Neuwied. After heavy fighting, his soldiers were driven from the field with losses of 1,000 killed and wounded, plus 3,000 captured. In addition, 24 artillery pieces, 60 wagons, and five colors became trophies of the French. Total French losses were 2,000. On 17 April, when Jean Etienne Championnet's division threatened Werneck's right wing, the Austrian general weakened his left under Pál Kray in order to bolster his right. When the divisions of Paul Grenier and François Joseph Lefebvre began crossing the Rhine at 3:00 AM, Werneck hurriedly ordered Kray's troops back to defend his left. Lefebvre defeated the Austrian left flank, while Grenier broke through Kray's line of redoubts at Heddersdorf after repeated assaults. Hoche's offensive forced the Austrians into a deep withdrawal which ended only with news of the Treaty of Leoben. After the defeat, Werneck was placed in retirement on half-pay.

paragraph: Section::::Napoleonic Wars.

paragraph: At the start of the War of the Third Coalition in 1805, Werneck was reactivated and appointed to the army in Germany. Despite some attempts at reform, the Austrian army remained wedded to 18th century concepts of warfare. The army's brigades and divisions were only semi-permanent units, and corps-sized formations were organized on an ad hoc basis. There were no corps and division staffs such as existed in the French army, which had permanent brigades, divisions, and corps. The French armies had won notable victories in 1800, but under Emperor Napoleon I of France they were even more powerful and effective in 1805. To Austria's greater disadvantage, the nominal army commander, Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este was at odds with his deputy, Karl Mack von Lieberich. The archduke and Mack's chief of staff Anton Mayer von Heldensfeld wanted to halt at the Lech River as originally planned, while Mack desired to keep marching to the Iller River at Ulm. After Emperor Francis I of Austria upheld Mack and sacked Mayer, the Austrian army began concentrating on the Iller. The flanks were held by Franz Jellacic's 11,000 troops near Lake Constance and Michael von Kienmayer's 12,000 men at Ingolstadt on the Danube.

paragraph: While Jean Lannes's V Corps and Joachim Murat's Cavalry Corps moved directly east on Ulm, the rest of Napoleon's army swept past Ulm on the north bank of the Danube. Crossing the river to the east of the Austrians, the French I, II, III, IV, and VI Corps got between Ulm and Vienna. Austrian defeats at the battles of Wertingen and Günzburg followed on 8 and 9 October. A breakout attempt failed on 11 October at the Battle of Haslach-Jungingen. Finally, on 13 October, Mack ordered Werneck to march his corps northeast from Ulm in order to escape from the trap. His south flank was covered by Johann Sigismund Riesch's corps which held Elchingen. Archduke Ferdinand fled from Ulm with some cavalry.

paragraph: Michel Ney's VI Corps smashed Riesch on 14 October in the Battle of Elchingen and forced the survivors to retreat to Ulm. Murat set out in pursuit of Werneck. On 16 October, there was a clash between Ney's cavalry and Prince Friedrich Franz Xaver of Hohenzollern-Hechingen's division at Langenau. Murat caught a 5,000-man brigade under Rudolf Sinzendorf at Herbrechtingen on 17 October and wiped out half of it. On the same day, Ferdinand's cavalry fought off the French cavalry at Nördlingen and there was another clash with Werneck's troops at Neresheim. Murat and Ney with 28,000 troops cornered their adversary at Treuchtlingen on 19 October. On that day Werneck capitulated with 15,000 troops, 28 guns, 12 colors, two standards, and four generals. Murat demanded that the terms include nearby Austrian units and Werneck accepted. Because of this the artillery reserve also surrendered. Hohenzollern refused to join in the capitulation and got away with 10 squadrons of cavalry. Ferdinand also managed to escape to Bohemia with Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg and 12 squadrons of horsemen. On 20 October Mack surrendered at Ulm with 20,000 infantry, over 3,000 cavalry, and 59 guns.

paragraph: For his surrender, charges were brought against Werneck. On 17 January 1806, he died of a stroke while awaiting court-martial at the fortress town of Hradec Králové (Königgrätz).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Werneck's son Reinhard von Werneck briefly joined the Austrian military before transferring to the army of the Electorate of Bavaria. In between his military duties, he became noted as a gardener.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Footnotes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rickard, J. historyofwar.org "Battle of Neuwied, 18 April 1797"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Digby, compiled by Leopold Kudrna napoleon-series.org "Austrian Generals: 1792-1815 Franz Werneck"

description: Austrian general

wikidata_label: Franz von Werneck

wikipedia_title: Franz von Werneck


text:
Franco-Flemish school
Renaissance
Low Countries
Béthune
Charles V
Dendermonde
Béthune
Leuven
Namur
Franco-Flemish school
Italy
Europe
harmonic
melodic
polyphonic
Palestrina
masses
motet
chanson
Josquin des Prez
pervading imitation
polyphonic
canzona
lute
Petrus Phalesius the Elder
Tielman Susato
Gustave Reese

categories: 16th-century Franco-Flemish composers,Belgian classical composers,1557 deaths,1500s births,Belgian male classical composers

paragraph: Thomas Crecquillon

paragraph: Thomas Crecquillon or Créquillon ( – probably early 1557) was a Franco-Flemish school composer of the Renaissance. While his place of birth is unknown, it was probably within the region loosely known at the time as the Low Countries, and he probably died at Béthune.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Very little is known about his early life. He was a priest and a member of the chapel of Emperor Charles V, but whether he was "maître de chapelle" or merely a singer is still a matter of dispute; the surviving documents are contradictory. Later he seems to have held positions at Dendermonde, Béthune, Leuven, and Namur. Unlike many of the composers of the Franco-Flemish school he seems never to have left his home region for Italy or other parts of Europe. Crecquillon was retired by 1555, and most likely he died in 1557, probably a victim of the serious outbreak of the plague in Béthune that year. The location of his burial remains a mystery, and no likeness of Crecquillon is known to exist.

paragraph: Crecquillon's music was highly regarded by his contemporaries, and shows a harmonic and melodic smoothness which prefigures the culminating polyphonic style of Palestrina. He wrote twelve masses, over 100 motets and almost 200 "chansons". Stylistically he uses points of imitation, rather in the manner of Josquin des Prez, in almost all of his sacred works (the masses and motets), following the contemporary trend towards pervading imitation and polyphonic complexity. Unlike Josquin, however, Crecquillon rarely varies his texture for dramatic effect, preferring smoothness and consistency.

paragraph: His secular "chansons", unlike most of those by other composers of the same time, also use pervading imitation, although as is normal in a lighter form of music, they make considerable use of repetition (for example of the final phrase). Because they were imitative, it was Crecquillon's "chansons" which provided some of the best models for the later development of the instrumental "canzona", the instrumental form which developed directly from the "chanson". Many of his "chansons" were arranged for instruments, especially lute.

paragraph: The printers Petrus Phalesius the Elder (of Leuven) and Tielman Susato (of Antwerp) published more music by him than by any other composer, which shows the extent of his reputation at the time, though his music is not as often recorded today as is that of many of the Netherlanders working at the same time.

paragraph: His name is pronounced "toh-MAH krehk-kee-YON." Some historical sources spell the composer's last name with an acute accent mark above its "e", then the composer's last name is actually pronounced "krayk-kee-YON."

paragraph: Section::::Scores.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The complete musical works of Thomas Crecquillon (the "Opera Omnia") were published in twenty volumes, between 1974 and 2011, by the American Institute of Musicology.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustave Reese, "Music in the Renaissance". New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thomas Crecquillon." "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jas, Eric, ed. "Beyond Contemporary Fame. Reassessing the Art of Clemens non Papa and Thomas Crecquillon". Turnhout: Brepols, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thomas Crecquillon in Context: A Reappraisal of his Life and of Selected Works", by Martin A. O. Ham (1998), published by the University of Surrey (a doctoral thesis).

description: Flemish musician and composer

wikidata_label: Thomas Crecquillon

wikipedia_title: Thomas Crecquillon


text: Roman usurper

text: Hispania

text: Iberian Peninsula

text: Spain

text: Portugal

text: Gerontius

text: Constantine III

text: Constans

text: mutinied

text: Honorius

text: Barcino

text: Vienna

text: Arelas

text: Constantius

text: Marcellinus Comes

text: tricennalia

text: comes

text: Asterius

text: Patriciate

text: Coins of Maximus

categories: 5th-century Roman usurpers,5th-century deaths

paragraph: Maximus of Hispania

paragraph: Maximus, also called Maximus Tyrannus, was a Roman usurper (409 - 411) in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula - modern Spain and Portugal). He had been elected by general Gerontius, who might have been his father.

paragraph: Relations between the usurper Constantine III and his general Gerontius, who had been sent to Hispania, had been deteriorating through the year 409. When Constantine sent an army under his son and heir Constans, Gerontius mutinied and installed Maximus in the late summer of 410. Kulikowski suggests that Gerontius may have feared being replaced as Constantine's chief military figure in the provinces of Hispania. Drinkwater on the other hand suggests that Gerontius, seeing Constantine negotiating with Emperor Honorius, over 409 had decided to side with the local Theodosian supporters. However, by the summer of 410 Gerontius had received no support from Italy, was threatened by Constans and desperate for imperial authority to confirm his arrangements with his barbarian allies. Faced by these threats, "Gerontius was at length driven into open revolt."

paragraph: Maximus managed some degree of rule over the provinces of Hispania. Kulikowski reports that "the mint at Barcino struck coins in his name and there is evidence for major construction work on that city's walls during reign."

paragraph: In the first 18 months of his reign Gerontius's forces defeated Constantine's forces, killed his son Constans at Vienna (modern Vienne, Isère) and trapped Constantine himself inside Arelas. Seeing the losses of the armies of the two usurpers, Honorius sent his general Constantius into Gaul; Gerontius' soldiers deserted him for the imperial general. Gerontius retired to Hispania, and when his remaining troops turned on him, committed suicide.

paragraph: Deprived of his major supporter, Maximus reportedly fled to sanctuary "amongst the barbarians in Hispania."

paragraph: The remainder of the recorded history of this shadowy figure becomes even more murky. He is commonly identified with a second Maximus who started his rebellion in Hispania between July 419 and February 421. According to Marcellinus Comes, this Maximus was brought to Rome where he was displayed and executed, along with one Jovinianus around 23 January 422, during Honorius' tricennalia. Kulikowski supports this identification, explaining that he was defeated and captured by the "comes" Asterius, for which achievement Asterius was rewarded with the Patriciate.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elton, Huges, "Maximus (409-422 A.D.)", "De Imperatoribus Romanis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Maximus

description: Roman usurper

wikidata_label: Maximus of Hispania

wikipedia_title: Maximus of Hispania