text:
Sutton
University for the Creative Arts
The London College of Fashion
University of Roehampton
dark tourism
Soviet Union
cold war
Fukushima
Tomioka
Moooi

categories: English photographers,Artists from London,Fashion photographers,English women photographers,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Rebecca Lilith Bathory

paragraph: Rebecca Lilith Bathory (born May 1982), also known as Rebecca Litchfield, is a British photographer, living in London. She is known for her photographic series "Return to Fukushima", and "Soviet Ghosts."

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Bathory was born in Sutton, London, England, on 1 May 1982. She graduated from University for the Creative Arts with a first class degree in Graphic Design in June 2006. Between 2008 and 2010 she studied for a master's degree in Fashion Photography at The London College of Fashion, for which she was awarded a distinction. She exhibited her final masters project, "Edenias", at London's Mall Gallery.

paragraph: In 2014 she was awarded a Techne scholarship for a research PhD degree at the University of Roehampton to research the photography of dark tourism

paragraph: Section::::"Soviet Ghosts".

paragraph: Bathory (as Rebecca Litchfield) recorded many abandoned locations within 10 countries of the former Soviet Union, including towns, factories, prisons, schools, monuments, hospitals, theatres, military complexes, asylums and death camps. Bathory’s examines a society shrouded by the cold war.

paragraph: Section::::"Return to Fukushima".

paragraph: Bathory's second book explores the nuclear meltdown in Fukushima. Photographed within the thirty mile exclusion zone, 2016 was the first time that residents of the town of Tomioka were given permission to return to their homes; Bathory was also given permission to photograph in the exclusion zone.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Salon Del Mobile Milan Presentation," Salon Del Mobile, Milan. For Moooi.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Professional Photographer of the Year 2009 Overall Winner, "Professional Photographer" magazine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: Fashion category winner, Professional Photographer of The Year 2009, "Professional Photographer" magazine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Clapham Art Prize Winner. "Clapham Art Prize" award.

description: photographer

wikidata_label: Rebecca Litchfield

wikipedia_title: Rebecca Lilith Bathory


text:
Sultan of Sokoto
Islamic studies
Usman dan Fodio
Sokoto Caliphate
Abu Bakr Atiku
Aliyu Baba
Usman dan Fodio
Degel
Sokoto
Fulani War
Nana Asma’u
Abu Bakr Atiku
Sokoto Caliphate
Fulani
Hausa
Wurno
Abdullahi Ibn Fodio
Abdullahi Ibn Fodio
ribat
Kazaure
Kano
Nana Asma’u
El Hadj Umar Tall
Toucouleur
Hugh Clapperton
Bornu Empire
Gobir
Battle of Gawakuke
Wurno
Abu Bakr Atiku
Books by Bello

categories: Nigerian Sufi religious leaders,19th-century rulers in Africa,19th-century Nigerian people,18th-century Nigerian people,1837 deaths,1781 births,Sultans of Sokoto

paragraph: Muhammed Bello

paragraph: Muhammed Bello () was the second Sultan of Sokoto and reigned from 1817 until 1837. He was also an active writer of history, poetry, and Islamic studies. He was the son and primary aide to Usman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate and the first Sultan. During his reign, he encouraged the spread of Islam throughout the region, increasing education for both men and women, and the establishment of Islamic courts. He died on October 25, 1837 and was succeeded by his brother Abu Bakr Atiku and then his son, Aliyu Baba.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Muhammed Bello was born to the fourth wife of Usman dan Fodio, known as Hauwa or Inna Garka, in 1781 Similar to all his siblings, he was involved in studies directed by his father in Degel until the family and some followers were exiled in 1804. In 1809, Bello was responsible for the founding of Sokoto which would become the key capital for his father's conquest of Hausa lands in the Fulani War (1804-1810).

paragraph: Many of his siblings dedicated significant time to scholastic efforts and became well known in this regard. Notable amongst these were his sister Nana Asma’u, a poet and teacher, and Abu Bakr Atiku, who would become his successor as Sultan.

paragraph: Section::::Sultan.

paragraph: Following the Fulani War, the Sokoto Caliphate was one of the largest states in Africa and included large populations of both Fulani and Hausa. Usman dan Fodio tried to largely suppress Hausa systems, including traditional leadership, education, and language. Usman retired from administration of the state in 1815 and put Muhammed Bello in charge of some of the western Emirates of the Caliphate. Bello Presided over this Emirates from the city of Wurno close to Sokoto.

paragraph: Upon the Death of Dan-Fodio, the Caliphate was thrown into disarray when the supporters of Bello encircled and sealed the gates of Sokoto, preventing other notable contenders to the office of Caliph ( including Bello's uncle Abdullahi Ibn Fodio ) from entering the city. The Caliphate eventually fractured into four Self-governing parts of which only the parts ruled by Bello's uncle; Abdullahi Ibn Fodio were to recognize and pay allegiance to Bello.

paragraph: Sultan Bello faced early challenges from dissident leaders and the aristocracy of both Fulani and Hausa populations. In contrast with his father, his administration was more permissive of many Hausa systems that had existed prior to the caliphate. For Fulani populations, who had been largely pastoral prior to this point, Bello encourages permanent settlement around designed ribats with schools, mosques, fortifications, and other buildings. Although these moves ended much opposition, some dissident leaders such as 'Abd al-Salam and Dan Tunku continued to cause early resistance to his rule. Dan Tunku remained a significant dissident leader as the head of the Emirate of Kazaure. Although Dan Tunku had fought on the side of his father in the Fulani War, when Bello named Ibrahim Dado the Emir of Kano in 1819, Dan Tunku organized oppositional forces in revolution. Bello assisted Ibrahim Dado in defeating the forces of Dan Tunku and building significant fortresses throughout the region where Dan Tunku had drawn his power.

paragraph: After ending some early opposition, the Sultan focused on consolidating his administration throughout the empire with significant construction, settlement, and uniform systems of justice. One significant aspect that he expanded from his father was greatly expanded education of both men and women. His sister, Nana Asma’u, became a crucial part of expanding education to women becoming an important teacher and liaison to rural women to encourage education.

paragraph: During Muhammad Bello's rule, El Hadj Umar Tall, future founder of the Toucouleur empire, settled in Sokoto on his return from Mecca in 1822. Umar Tall was greatly influenced by Sultan Muhammad Bello as evidenced by the praise Tall lavished upon the Sultan in his own writings. To affirm a permanent alliance, Sultan Bello married one of his daughters to Hajj Umar who remained in Sokoto as a judge (qadi), and as a commanding officer in the Sultan's infantry until Bello's death.

paragraph: Hugh Clapperton visited the court of Bello in 1824 and wrote a lot about the generosity and intelligence of the Sultan. Clapperton was very impressed at the writing works by Bello and his exhaustive knowledge regarding British exploration in India. In 1826, Clapperton returned for a second visit, but Bello would not let him cross the border because of warfare with the Bornu Empire and Clapperton became ill and died.

paragraph: In 1836, the kingdom of Gobir revolted against Sokoto rule. Sultan Muhammed Bello gathered his forces and crushed the rebellion on 9 March 1836 at the Battle of Gawakuke.

paragraph: While ruling, he continued with significant educational pursuits, mainly history and poetry. His "Infaku'l Maisuri" ("The Wages of the Fortunate") is often considered a definitive history of the Fulani Wars and his father's empire. He wrote hundreds of texts on history, Islamic studies, and poetry during his lifetime.

paragraph: He died of natural causes, at the age of 58, on October 25, 1837 in Wurno and was succeeded by his brother Abu Bakr Atiku as Sultan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Books by Bello

description: Sultan of Sokoto

wikidata_label: Muhammed Bello

wikipedia_title: Muhammed Bello


text: Portuguese

text: Jewish

text: physician

text: poet

text: philosopher

text: Castilian

text: Lisbon

text: Italian

text: Abravanel

text: Middle Ages

text: Castile

text: Isaac ben Judah Abravanel

text: Portugal

text: Afonso V

text: Duke of Braganza

text: João II

text: Seville

text: Toledo

text: Isabel de Castilla

text: Fernando de Aragón

text: Catholic Monarchs

text: Granada

text: Muslim

text: Abravanel

text: forced conversion

text: expulsion

text: Naples

text: Italy

text: Christianity

text: baptize

text: exile

text: Europe

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Ferrante

text: Charles VIII

text: France

text: Sicily

text: Genoa

text: humanist

text: Barletta

text: King Frederick

text: Venice

text: viceroy

text: Don Gonsalvo of Cordoba

text: Mariano Lenzi

text: Rome

text: Saint John the Evangelist

text: Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

text: Florence

text: Elia de Medigo

text: Yohanan Alemanno

text: Medici

text: mysticism

text: Giovanni Pontano

text: Mario Equicola

text: Egidio da Viterbo

text: Marsilio Ficino

text: Plato

text: Girolamo Benivieni

text: Pietro Bembo

text: Plotinus

text: Aristotle

text: Neo-platonism

text: Solomon ibn Gabirol

text: Maimonides

text: Hellenic

text: Renaissance

text: Tyard

text: Sarasin

text: Judeo-Spanish

text: British Library

text: Cupid

text: Androgynous

text: Miguel de Cervantes

text: Don Quixote

text: Editorial Porrúa

text: Jewish Encyclopedia Entry

text: Columbia Encyclopedia Entry

text: "Dialogues of Love", 2009

categories: Medieval Jewish philosophers,15th-century Portuguese people,16th-century Portuguese physicians,Abravanel family,People from Lisbon,Medieval Jewish poets,1523 deaths,Italian people of Spanish descent,Medieval Jewish physicians of Italy,16th-century Sephardi Jews,Italian people of Portuguese descent,1460s births,15th-century Sephardi Jews,Medieval Jewish physicians of Spain

paragraph: Judah Leon Abravanel

paragraph: Judah Leon Abravanel (or Abrabanel, otherwise known as: in Latin, "Leo Hebraeus"; in Portuguese, "Leão Hebreu"; in Spanish, "León Hebreo"; in Italian, "Leone Ebreo"; in English, "Leo the Hebrew"; and in Hebrew, יְהוּדָה בֶּן יִצְחָק אַבְּרַבַנְאֵל ["Yehuda ben Yitzhak Abravanel"]) (c. 1465 Lisbon – c. 1523 Naples) was a Portuguese Jewish physician, poet and philosopher. His work "Dialoghi d'amore" ("Dialogues of Love") was one of the most important philosophical works of his time. He was born of Castilian Jewish heritage in Lisbon, and wrote his most important work in Italian.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The Abravanel family was extraordinarily prominent among Jewish families in the Middle Ages, active in public service in the court of Castile. Judah (or Leon, as he is known in Spanish) was the son of Isaac ben Judah Abravanel, (meaning Isaac “son of Judah” Abravenel) who, according to Soria was “the last great commentator of the Bible of Medieval Jewry” (12). Don Isaac was a statesman, financier, and a defender of the Jewish faith, who was also born in Lisbon in 1437 and spent most of his life in Portugal, eventually becoming a financial advisor to King Afonso V. However, in 1481 King Afonso V died and Don Isaac was suspected of conspiring to enthrone the Duke of Braganza, whom he had befriended earlier, over the son of Afonso, João II. Consequently, he had to flee without his family from Portugal to Seville, then Castile, finally settling in Toledo. Don Isaac eventually took refuge from his financial and political dealings in his other love—literature—while living with his family, with whom he was later reunited in Toledo.

paragraph: Spain had recently seen the marriage of Isabel de Castilla and Fernando de Aragón, the Catholic Monarchs. Under their rule began the centralization of power in Spain, then fragmented by individual governance of its many regions. The monarchs desired to conquer the kingdom of Granada, which at that time was Muslim. Don Isaac Abravanel saw this as an opportunity and became a financier at the court. His son, Judah, joined him in service to the Catholic Monarchs in 1484 as personal doctor to the royal family.

paragraph: The year 1492 brought a turbulent change to the Abravanel family and to all Jews in Spain, as Isabella and Ferdinand ordered the forced conversion or expulsion of all Jews in Spain. Don Isaac, in a desperate plea, threw himself at the feet of the Catholic Monarchs and begged them to revoke their decree, but to no avail. He made plans to move his family to Naples, Italy. To no avail he bribed King Ferdinand and even threatened Queen Isabella that the Jews were the eternal people and therefore could not be destroyed. A plot was hatched to kidnap Judah's son as an attempt to persuade the Abravanel family to convert to Christianity and, ultimately, to remain in the service of the Catholic Monarchs. In an attempt to circumvent the plot, Judah sent his son to Portugal with a nurse, but by order of the king, the son was seized and baptized. This occurrence was a devastating insult to Judah and to his family, and was a source of bitterness throughout Judah's life and the topic of his writings years later.

paragraph: The Abravanel family chose exile over conversion, although it was not an easy choice, considering that there were not many places in Europe that Jews were welcomed and that living in exile required money, and the Jews were not allowed to take much with them. Originally intent on traveling to the Ottoman Empire, Don Isaac and his family settled in Naples. There, he became a financial advisor to the King of Naples, Ferrante, and his son Alfonso. The Abravanel family enjoyed a position of prestige in the court of Naples until 1494 when Charles VIII, king of France, invaded Naples. The Neapolitan royal family then fled to Sicily, accompanied by Don Isaac.

paragraph: Judah, meanwhile, moved to Genoa, where he studied in an Italian humanist milieu and probably wrote the first two of his "Dialoghi". There is evidence that he moved from Genoa to Barletta in 1501, where he became a servant of King Frederick of Naples, leaving in 1503 for Venice, where he rejoined his father Dom Isaac. Other sources say that he left Genoa for Naples in 1501 and remained there until 1506. While in Naples, Judah (apparently overlooking the injuries of the past) became the doctor of the Spanish viceroy, Don Gonsalvo of Cordoba, “The Great Captain.”

paragraph: By 1506, the Neapolitan government was defeated, and Spain gained control of southern Italy. Judah left Naples for Venice, where he dedicated himself again to the study of philosophy until 1507. After this time, little is known about Judah's life. His most famous work, "Dialoghi d'amore", appears to have been written around 1501-02. In 1535, when his friend Mariano Lenzi discovered the manuscript and had it published in Rome, records indicate he had already died.

paragraph: There are claims that Judah converted to Christianity at the end of his life; however, upon further investigation, these claims appear unfounded. One source states that allusions made to Saint John the Evangelist in the work indicate his Christian beliefs; however, the tendency of Jewish scholars to cite examples from both New Testament and the Classics was common during this time. However, the Venetian press that printed the second and third editions of his "Dialoghi" in 1541 and 1545 claimed on the first pages of the work that the author had converted to Christianity: “Dialoghi di Amore composti per Leone Medico, di Natione Hebreo, et di poi fatto Christiano” (Dialogues of Love, composed by Doctor Leon, of Hebrew heritage, and who later became Christian). This statement does not appear in the first edition, nor in later editions. Therefore, this “editorial note” was most likely included to promote the work and to persuade those who harbored hostilities against Jews at that time to purchase the book. Further evidence that Judah remained true to his Jewish faith can be found in "Dialoghi", where Judah directly addresses his heritage and religion, stating that the book was written “according to Hebrew truth” and addresses “all of us who believe in the holy law of Moses.”

paragraph: Section::::Influences.

paragraph: Through his travels, Judah was well-acquainted with many Italian humanists and with the Neapolitan Court. Some say he may have met Giovanni Pico della Mirandola while in Florence and composed for him a discourse on the “Harmony of the Skies.” If so, he also probably associated with Elia de Medigo, teacher of Pico della Mirandola, Yohanan Alemanno (a Jewish writer influenced by the Medici court and mysticism and author of "Song of songs"), Giovanni Pontano, Mario Equicola and monk Egidio da Viterbo.

paragraph: Leon was surrounded by humanists interested in the topic of Love. The Chancellor of Florence, Marsilio Ficino commented on Plato’s "Symposium" (1474–75), while Girolamo Benivieni composed his "Canzone d’amore" (1486), which Pico della Mirandola analyzed soon after. Equicola’s "Libro della natura d’amore" (1495), Pietro Bembo’s "Asolani" and Francesco Cattani da Diacceto’s "De amore" were published while Judah was writing. Abravanel’s "Dialoghi" is regarded as the finest of these works. Menéndez Pelayo describes it as the most monumental work of Platonic philosophy since Plotinus's "Enneads".

paragraph: n

paragraph: Similar to other humanist works, "Dialoghi" is strongly influenced by Plato and Aristotle. Menéndez Pelayo states that Abravanel employs Platonic ideals in his work, but filtered through his heritage. That is, his Neo-platonism derived from the Hispanic Jewish community, especially the works of Solomon ibn Gabirol and Maimonides. A disciple of these renowned Jewish scholars, Abravanel was also influenced by the Hellenic spirit of the Renaissance. Platonic notions of reaching towards a nearly impossible ideal of beauty, wisdom, and perfection encompass the whole of the work.

paragraph: Section::::"Dialoghi d'amore".

paragraph: The "Dialoghi" was an exceedingly popular book that enjoyed at least five editions in twenty years. First published in Italian, it was translated into French by Tyard, as well as into Hebrew and into Latin by Sarasin. The Inca Garcilaso de la Vega made one of its three translations into Spanish. Abravanel’s "Dialoghi" is notably one of the first original philosophical compositions to be published in the vernacular (as opposed to Latin). However, there is some controversy about the language in which it was originally written. According to Roth, although Abravenel had ample time to embrace and employ Italian, “the Dialogue read a little stiffly, [therefore] there is good reason to doubt whether [it] represents the original text” (xii). Also, the Hebrew text that remains was probably a translation, and while Spanish scholars also want to claim he wrote it in the language of the country from which he was exiled, it is possible that he wrote it in Judeo-Spanish, the language of many Spanish Jews and a mixture of Hebrew and Castilian. In the British Library, there is a manuscript (Or. Gaster 10688) of a Spanish translation written with Hebrew characters. This was once thought to have been the author's original, or a copy of it; this is no longer accepted, and the text corresponds very closely to the 1568 Spanish translation. This translation was likely produced in order reclaim Abravanel's Jewish identity and to encourage Spanish-speaking diaspora communities and as an appeal to the Spanish king to remember and reconsider the situation of the Sephardic exiles.

paragraph: In his "Dialoghi d'amore", Judah (Leon) Abravanel seeks to define love in philosophical terms. He structures his three dialogues as a conversation between two abstract and mostly undeveloped “characters”: Philo, representing love or appetite, and Sophia, representing science or wisdom, in other words, Philo+Sophia (philosophy).

paragraph: The first dialogue, titled, “Philo and Sophia on Love and Desire” is a contemplation on the distinctions between love and desire, or the types of love and the true nature of love. In Sophia's opinion, love and desire are exclusive; however, Philo argues that love and desire mix in things we find pleasurable, and that desire assumes knowledge of its object and, thus, its existence. Philo defines desire as that which seeks to become united with its object and love as that which, in union with its object, is enjoyed. When love and desire intersect, there are three different qualities of objects: useful, pleasant and good. Useful objects are not loved and desired together. Useful objects are those that are possessed. Meanwhile, love and desire of pleasant objects grows and perishes at the same time; pleasant objects exist because of privation. Good objects, on the other hand, exist when love and desire have no limit.

paragraph: Sophia then asks Philo to distinguish love of God from love of friends. He posits that God is the fountainhead, reason and end of good in the world. However, as humans, we lack the knowledge to love God completely.

paragraph: Happiness is the next topic of discussion, and the two determine that it exists not by gaining or enjoying a possession but rather in wisdom, when virtue is assumed. Wisdom is not omniscience, however, which is noted to be almost unreachable and can be found only in knowing God or communing with the Active Intellect.

paragraph: From there, Sophia asks Philo to clarify knowledge and love of God. Wisdom is born out of the love of God, he explains, and is the source of human happiness. Sophia then asks Philo to give a definition of the love that he feels for her, according to their discussion. He attempts to win her affection by stating that union increases love because of the physical aspect of human love, while injury does not. He adds that love is born of Reason (though it is not subject to it directly, or at least not to its “ordinary” form; rather, “heroic Reason” motivates it to seek the beloved as its object). At this point, Philo tells her that the hour is drawing late and she must rest while “my mind keeps it usual anguished watch.” However, she is not satisfied to end the discussion yet.

paragraph: The second dialogue, titled, “Philo and Sophia on the Universality of Love” postulates that love is the dominant principle of all life and describes how love operates in human beings’ lives.

paragraph: Sophia asks Philo to expound on his ideas of love's origin and universality. As the translation by F. Friedeberg-Seeley and Jean H. Barnes in "The Philosophy of Love" reads,

paragraph: The third and most lengthy dialogue, “Philo and Sophia on the Origin of Love” is a discussion about God's love and how it encompasses all of existence, from the lowest creatures to the heavens and is the “cohesion of the universe.” A discussion of beauty and the soul follows, with an analysis of Plato's ideas. The third dialogue is considered the most important at the aesthetic level.

paragraph: In this dialogue, Philo and Sophia meet unexpectedly. After Philo apologizes for not recognizing Sophia because he was struck by her beauteous image, he begins to discuss a comparison between the soul and intellect. As the translation by F. Friedeberg-Seeley and Jean H. Barnes in "The Philosophy of Love" reads, "The intellect is purely spiritual, whereas the soul is partly spiritual and partly corporeal, and is ever-moving to and fro between body and mind."

paragraph: Philo [later] defines the essence of love:

paragraph: Philo then turns to Sophia's first question, and shows her that love must have been created and is subject to birth, because it presupposes both lover and beloved, from whom it takes its origin.

paragraph: The answer to the second question—when was love first born?—must depend on yet another—when was the world first created? The first love and procreative cause of the universe is that of God for Himself as eternal lover and beloved, and whenever the universe was first created, then love was first born.

paragraph: As to the birthplace of love, this must have been the angelic world, which is the most perfect of all created being and has, therefore, the most perfect knowledge of the divine beauty it lacks.

paragraph: In answer to the fourth question—who were the parents of love?—Philo tells Sophia of the allegorical meaning of the birth of Cupid, and that of the ancient and mythological figure, Androgynous, and of the creation of Adam and Eve and the fall of man. The universal father of all love is the beautiful, and the universal mother a knowledge of the beautiful together with privation. Beauty is the necessity a prior condition of all love, because it is upon the world. The supremely beautiful is God, the highest beauty is His intellect or wisdom, in the image of which the whole derives from the form that actuates their matter, and therefore all the forms or Ideas pre-exist in the eternal splendor. The end of all love is pleasure, and this is the same as the desire of the lover for union with the beloved, because pleasure consists in union with the pleasurable. The end of love of the universe is union with divine beauty, the final beatitude and highest perfection of all creation.

paragraph: Philo, however is careful to point out that his love has no end but torment and grief, because Sophia is unwilling to grant him his desire and makes no return of his love. She persists in her refusal to recognize any save the love of the intellect, and finding that argument cannot avail her against the subtleties of Philo's reasoning, reminds him of his promise to tell of the effects of love, for she would know further of the dangers into which he would lead her. And so the lovers part, and the tale of their promised meeting is as yet untold.

paragraph: "Dialoghi d'amore" was an important work in Spanish culture as it brought Renaissance ideals to Spain. Otis Green argues in his "España y la tradición occidental" that in Abravanel's work human love is spiritualized, placing it in connection with divine love, by posing the necessity of going beyond physical union to merge minds and souls.

paragraph: Miguel de Cervantes refers to the "Dialoghi d'amore" in the Prologue to his Don Quixote.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caramella, Santino, Ed. "Dialoghi d'amore." By Leone Ebreo. Bari: Gius. Laterza & Figli, 1929.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leone Ebreo. "Dialogues of Love". Trans. Damian Bacich and Rossella Pescatori. Ed. Rosella Pescatori. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leone Ebreo. "The Philosophy of Love." Trans. F. Friedeberg-Seeley and Jean H. Barnes. London: The Soncino Press, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Feldman, Seymour. "Philosophy in a Time of Crisis: Don Isaac Abravanel: Defender of the Faith." New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gebhardt, Carl, Ed. "Hebræische Gedichte." By Leone Ebreo. London: Oxford University Press, 1929.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gilbhard, Thomas. "Bibliografia degli studi su Leone Hebreo (Jehudah Abravanel)", in: «Accademia. Revue de la Société Marsile Ficin», VI, 2004, p. 113-134

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green, Otis. "España y la tradición occidental." Vol. I. Madrid: Gredos, 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- León Hebreo. "Diálogos de amor." Trans. Garcilaso de la Vega, El Inca. México: Editorial Porrúa, 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Menéndez Pelayo, Marcelino. "Introduction." "Diálogos de amor." Trans. Garcilaso de la Vega, El Inca. México: Editorial Porrúa, 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pina Martins, José V. de. "Livros quinhentistas sobre o amor." Paris: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roth, Cecil. Introduction. "The Philosophy of Love (Dialoghi d’Amore)". By Leone Ebreo. Trans. F. Friedeberg-Seeley and Jean H. Barnes. London: The Soncino Press, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonne, Isiah. "Intorno alla vita di Leone Ebreo." Florence: Civiltà Moderna, 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soria Olmedo, Andrés. "Los Dialoghi D’Amore de León Hebreo: Aspectos Literarios y Culturales." Granada: Universidad de Granada, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rothenberg, Naftali, "Wisdom of Love: Man, Woman and God in Jewish Canonical Literature", Boston 2009: Academic Studies press, "The Rebirth of the Androgyne: Jodah Abravanel Cites Plato and Moses", pp. 44–53. Ibid. "the Sage of Unconsummated Love: Joda Abravanel's Dialoghi D'Amore", pp. 127–154

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jewish Encyclopedia Entry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Columbia Encyclopedia Entry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dialogues of Love", 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dialoghi d'Amore: Dialogues of Love, a Renaissance best-seller

description: Jewish philosopher

wikidata_label: Judah Leon Abravanel

wikipedia_title: Judah Leon Abravanel


text:
Kannada language
Lingayat
Vachana
Kannada literature
Basavanna
Kannada literature
Shiva
Udutadi
Shivamogga
Karnataka
Shiva
hagiographic
Shiva
Jain
Shiva
Shiva
Lingayat
Allama
Basava
Lord Shiva
Basavakalyana
Bidar district
Bhakti movement
Shiva
A.K. Ramanujan
vachanas
Shiva
Shiva
Shiva
Bhakti
A. K. Ramanujan
Hospet
Akka Mahadevi
"Songs of Shiva Akka Mahadevi"

categories: 12th-century Indian philosophers,12th-century writers,12th-century Indian women,Hindu female religious leaders,Poets from Karnataka,12th-century women writers,Lingayat poets,12th-century deaths,History of Karnataka,Indian women philosophers,12th-century Indian writers,Ancient Asian women writers,Lingayat saints,Kannada poets,Kannada people,Ancient Indian writers,Kannada-language writers,Indian women poets,12th-century births,Lingayatism,Ancient Indian women writers,Bhakti movement,12th-century Indian poets,People from Shimoga,Women writers from Karnataka

paragraph: Akka Mahadevi

paragraph: Akka Mahadevi (ಅಕ್ಕ ಮಹಾದೇವಿ) (c.1130–1160) was one of the early female poets of the Kannada language and a prominent personality in the Lingayat sect of Hinduism in the 12th century. Her 430 extant Vachana poems (a form of spontaneous mystical poems), and the two short writings called "Mantrogopya" and the "Yogangatrividhi" are considered her most notable contribution to Kannada literature. She composed relatively fewer poems than other saints of the movement. Yet the term "Akka" ("elder Sister"), which is an honorific given to her by great Lingayat saints such as Basavanna, Siddharama and Allamaprabhu is an indication of her contribution to the spiritual discussions held at the "Anubhava Mantapa". She is in hindsight seen as an inspirational woman for Kannada literature and the history of Karnataka. She is known to have considered the god Shiva ('Chenna Mallikarjuna') as her husband, (traditionally understood as the 'madhura bhava' or 'madhurya' form of devotion).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Akka Mahadevi born in Udutadi, near Shivamogga in the Indian state of Karnataka. The year of her birth is believed to be around 1130. Some scholars suggest that she was born to a couple named Nirmalshetti and Sumati, who were both devotees of Para Shiva. Little is known about her life, however, it has been the subject of hagiographic folk and mythological claims, sourced both, in oral traditions, as well as from her lyrics. One of her lyrics, for instance, appears to record her experiences of leaving her place of her birth and family in order to pursue Para Shiva.

paragraph: Tharu and Lalita also document a popular claim that a local Jain king named Kaushika sought to marry her, but that she rejected him, choosing instead to fulfil the claims of devotion to the deity Para Shiva. However, it is important to note that the medieval sources that form the basis of accounts of Akka Mahadevi's marriage are themselves ambiguous and inconclusive. Elaborations on this account include a referral to one of her poems, or "vachanas", in which she lays down three conditions on which she agreed to marry the King, including a complete control over the choice to spend her time in devotion or in conversation with other scholars and religious figures, as opposed to with the King. There is some dispute over whether the marriage did in fact take place: the medieval scholar and poet Harihara suggests in his biography of her that it did take place but was a marriage in name only, while other accounts from Camasara suggest that the conditions were not accepted and the marriage did not occur.

paragraph: Harihara's account, which suggests that a marriage did take place, goes on to provide that when King Kaushika violated the conditions she had laid down, Akka Mahadevi left the palace, renouncing all her possessions including clothes, to travel to Srisailam, believed to be the home of the god Para Shiva. Alternative accounts suggest that Akka Mahadevi's act of renunciation was in response to King Kaushika's threats following her refusal to marry him. It is likely that she visited the town of Kalyana, en route, where she met two other poets and prominent figures of the Lingayat movement, Allama and Basava. She is believed to have travelled, towards the end of her life, to the Srisailam mountains, where she lived as an ascetic, and eventually died. A "vachana" attributed to Akka Mahadevi suggests that towards the end of her life, King Kaushika visited her there, and sought her forgiveness.

paragraph: Section::::Mythology.

paragraph: She is considered by modern scholars to be a prominent figure in the field of female emancipation. A household name in Karnataka, she had said that she was a woman only in name and that her mind, body, and soul belonged to Lord Shiva. During a time of strife and political uncertainty in the 12th. century, she chose spiritual enlightenment and stood by her choice. It is commonly known that she took part in many gatherings of learned such as the "Anubhavamantapa" in Kalyana(now Basava Kalyana) to debate about philosophy and attainment of enlightenment (or Moksha, termed by her as "arivu"). In search for her eternal soul mate, Lord Shiva, she made the animals, flowers and birds her friends and companions, rejecting family life and worldly attachment.

paragraph: Bhakti recorded a rethinking of the ashrama dharma which suggested a stages-of-life approach that began with the pursuit of education and ended with the pursuit of moksha.

paragraph: Akka was a revelation here in that she pursued enlightenment recording her journey in vachanas of simple language but great cognitive rigor.

paragraph: It is said that Mahadevi was married by arrangement to Kausika but later did not as the king disrespected some conditions set by her. There were immediate tensions, however, as Kausika was a Jain, a group that tended to be wealthy and was, as a result, much resented by the rest of the population. Akka's poetry explores the themes of rejecting mortal love in favour of the everlasting love of God. Her vachanas also talk about the methods that the path of enlightenment demand of the seeker, such as killing the 'I', conquering desires and the senses and so on.

paragraph: She rejected her life of luxury to live as a wandering poet-saint, travelling throughout the region and singing praises to her Lord Shiva.

paragraph: She went in search of fellow seekers or sharanas because the company of the saintly or sajjana sanga is believed to hasten learning. She found the company of such sharanas in Basavakalyana, Bidar district. Akka utters many vachanas in praise of them. Her non-conformist ways caused a lot of consternation in a conservative society and even her eventual guru Allama Prabhu had to initially face difficulties in enlisting her in the gatherings at Anubhavamantapa. A true ascetic, Mahadevi is said to have refused to wear any clothing—a common practice among male ascetics, but shocking for a woman. Legend has it that due to her true love and devotion with God her whole body was protected by hair.

paragraph: All the sharnas of Anubhavamantapa, especially Basavanna, Chenna Basavanna, Kinnari Bommayya, Siddharama, Allamaprabhu and Dasimayya greet her with a word "Akka". In fact it is here onwards that she becomes Akka, an elderly sister. Allama shows her the further way of attaining the transcendent bliss of ultimate union with Lord Chenna Mallikarjuna. Akka leaves Kalyana with this following vachana:

paragraph: poem

paragraph: "Having vanquished the six passions and become

paragraph: The trinity of body, thought and speech;

paragraph: Having ended the trinity and become twain – I and the Absolute

paragraph: Having ended the duality and become a unity

paragraph: Is because of the grace of you all.

paragraph: I salute Basavanna and all assembled here

paragraph: Blessed was I by Allama my Master-

paragraph: Bless me all that I may join my Chenna Mallikarjuna

paragraph: Good-bye! Good-bye!"

paragraph: /poem

paragraph: This dramatic situation of Kalyana Parva in Akka Mahadevi's life is an indication of the beginning of the third phase of her life. In the first phase she had renounced the worldly objects and attractions and in the second, discards the entire object based rules and regulations and in the third phase she starts her journey towards Srishila, where her eternal lover Chenna Mallikarjuna's temple locates. Also, it is the holy place for devotees of Shiva since before the 12th century. Akka's spiritual journey ends at Kadali the nearby thick forest area of Shrisaila (Srisailam) where she is supposed to have experienced union (aikya) with Chennamallikarjuna.

paragraph: One of her famous vachana translates as:

paragraph: poem

paragraph: People,

paragraph: male and female,

paragraph: blush when a cloth covering their shame

paragraph: comes loose

paragraph: When the lord of lives

paragraph: lives drowned without a face

paragraph: in the world, how can you be modest?

paragraph: When all the world is the eye of the lord,

paragraph: onlooking everywhere, what can you

paragraph: cover and conceal?

paragraph: /poem

paragraph: Her poetry exhibits her love for Chenna Mallikarjuna and harmony with nature and simple living.

paragraph: She Sang:

paragraph: poem

paragraph: For hunger, there is the village rice in the begging bowl,

paragraph: For thirst, there are tanks and streams and wells

paragraph: For sleep temple ruins do well

paragraph: For the company of the soul I have you, Chenna Mallikarjuna

paragraph: /poem

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Akka Mahadevi's works, like many other Bhakti movement poets, can be traced through the use of her "ankita", or the signature name by which she addressed the figure of her devotion. In Akka Mahadevi's case, she uses the name "Chennamallikarjuna" to refer to the god Shiva. The name "Chennamallikarjuna" can be variously translated, but the most well-known translation is by the scholar and linguist A.K. Ramanujan, who interprets it as 'Lord white as jamine'. A more literal translationn would be 'Mallika's beautiful Arjuna', according to Tharu and Lalita.

paragraph: Based on the use of her "ankita", about 350 lyric poems or "vachanas" are attributed to Akka Mahadevi. Her works frequently use the metaphor of an illicit, or adulterous love to describe her devotion to "Chennamallikarjuna" (Shiva). The lyrics place Akka Mahadevi as actively seeking out a relationship with "Chennamallikarjuna" (Shiva), and touches on themes of abandon, carnal love, and separation.

paragraph: The direct and frank lyrics that Akka Mahadevi wrote have been described as embodying a "radical illegitimacy" that re-examines the role of women, not just as actors with volition and will, but in opposition to established social institutions and mores. At times she uses strong sexual imagery to represent the union between the devotee and the object of devotion. Her works also challenge common understandings of sexual identity; for instance, in one vachana she suggests that creation, or the power of the god Shiva, is masculine, while all of creation, including men, represent the feminine: ""I saw the haughty master, Mallikarjuna/for whom men, all men, are but women, wives"". In some vachanas, she describes herself as both, feminine and masculine.

paragraph: Akka Mahadevi's works are like the works of many other female Bhakti poets, also touches on themes of alienation: both, from the material world, and from social expectations and mores concerning women.

paragraph: Section::::Translations and Legacy.

paragraph: A. K. Ramanujan who first popularised the vachanas by translating them into a collection called "Speaking of Siva". Postcolonial scholar Tejaswini Niranjana criticised his translations as rendering the vachanas into modern universalist poetry ready-to-consume by the West in "Siting Translation" (1992). Kannada translator Vanamala Vishwanatha is currently working on a new English translation, which may be published as part of the Murty Classical Library.

paragraph: Akka Mahadevi continues to occupy a significant place in popular culture and memory, with roads and universities named after her. In 2010, a bas relief dating to the 13th century was discovered near Hospet in Karnataka, and is believed to be a depiction of Akka Mahadevi.

paragraph: Section::::Bold Poetry.

paragraph: Akka Mahadevi describes her love for Lord Shiva as adulterous, viewing her husband and his parents as impediments to her union with her Lord. She talks about cuckolding the husband with Shiva and taking her lord (Shiva) as her husband. Terming relationship with mortal men as unsatisfactory, Akka Mahadevi describes them as thorns hiding under smooth leaves, un-trustworthy. About her mortal husband she says "Take these husbands who die decay, and feed them to your kitchen fires!". In another verse, she expresses the tension of being a wife and a devotee as

paragraph: poem

paragraph: Husband inside, lover outside.

paragraph: I can't manage them both.

paragraph: This world and that other, cannot manage them both.

paragraph: /poem

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs of Shiva Akka Mahadevi" translated by Vinaya Chaitanya

description: Kannada Poet

wikidata_label: Akka Mahadevi

wikipedia_title: Akka Mahadevi


href: Germany dramatist Strasbourg tragedy The%20Child%20Murderess Frankfurt Louis-S%C3%A9bastien%20Mercier

text:
German
dramatist
Strasbourg
tragedy
The Child Murderess
Frankfurt
Louis-Sébastien Mercier

categories: French writers in German,18th-century German dramatists and playwrights,1779 deaths,18th-century male writers,Alsatian-German people,1747 births,German male dramatists and playwrights,People from Strasbourg

paragraph: Heinrich Leopold Wagner

paragraph: Heinrich Leopold Wagner (19 February 1747 – 4 March 1779) was a German dramatist.

paragraph: Wagner was born in Strasbourg and is chiefly known for his 1776 tragedy "The Child Murderess". He died, aged 32, in Frankfurt.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prometheus, Deukalion und seine Rezensenten", 1775

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der wohltätige Unbekannte", 1775

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Reue nach der Tat", 1775

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neuer Versuch über die Schauspielkunst", 1776, a translation of Louis-Sébastien Mercier's "Du Théâtre ou nouvel essai sur l'art dramatique"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Leben und Tod Sebastian Silligs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Kindermörderin", 1776

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Briefe, die Seylersche Gesellschaft betreffend", 1777

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Evchen Humbrecht oder Ihr Mütter merkts Euch!", 1778, a reworking of "Die Kindermörderin"

description: German dramatist

wikidata_label: Heinrich Leopold Wagner

wikipedia_title: Heinrich Leopold Wagner


text:
bandleader
Grammy
songwriter
Cypress, California
San Francisco
folk rock
Peter Case
"Spin" magazine
Cafe Du Nord
Brooklyn
Norah Jones
Lee Alexander
Victoria Williams
Judy Carmichael
Blue Note Records
Come Away with Me
Madeleine Peyroux
Queen Esther
Willie Nelson
It Always Will Be
Grammy
The New Yorker
National Public Radio
John Lithgow
Razor & Tie
Tin Pan Alley
Brianna Thomas
Jon Hendricks
scat
Andy Bey
Brandee Younger
Alicia Olatuja
Charles Turner
Billie Holiday
Solomon Hicks
Cotton Club
Claire Daly
Jazzmeia Horn
Gregory Porter
Billie Holiday
Levon Helm
Garth Hudson
The Band
Martha Wainwright
Victor Lewis
Vincent Chancey
Doug Wieselman
Mose Allison
Joe's Pub
Martha Wainwright
Queen Esther
Amy Allison
Elvis Costello
Orange Is the New Black
Lea DeLaria
Jolie Holland
Verve
Lucy Woodward
Sasha Dobson
Lincoln Center
Justin Vivian Bond
Joey Arias
Lea DeLaria
Champian Fulton
The Player's Club
The Minsky Sisters
Minton's Playhouse
Tribeca Film Festival
Lea DeLaria
Ne-Yo
Alice Smith
The Killers
Brandon Flowers
bebop
Jazzmeia Horn
Martha Wainwright
Come Home to Mama
Victoria Williams
Water To Drink
Atlantic Records
Victoria Williams
Sing Some Old Songs
Dualtone Records
John Lithgow
The Sunny Side Of The Street
Queen Esther
What Is Love
Ben Fields
Extraordinary Light
Sire Records
Chuck Prophet
Balinese Dancer
Barbara Manning
Nowhere
Matador Records
Norah Jones
Come Away With Me
Blue Note
Willie Nelson
It Always Will Be
Lost Highway Records
Ollabelle
Amy Helm
Riverside Battle Songs
Verve Records
Ben Fields
Extraordinary Light
Sire Records

paragraph: J. C. Hopkins

paragraph: JC Hopkins is an American bandleader, writer, record producer, and Grammy-nominated producer, and songwriter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:California.

paragraph: JC Hopkins was born and raised in Cypress, California, where he attended school and played in various bands in his youth. He plays guitar, harmonica, and piano, eventually concentrating on the latter. Upon moving to San Francisco in the late 1980s Hopkins began performing solo works as a folk singer. His first band there, Flophouse, began as a folk rock ensemble whose debut self-titled album was produced by Peter Case. The band's second album, "Undaunted", garnered favorable reviews including ink in "Spin" magazine. In 1998 he debuted his first jazz musical, "Show Biz'ness", at the legendary Cafe Du Nord in San Francisco.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:New York City.

paragraph: In 2000 Hopkins moved to Brooklyn, New York, to pursue his interest in transitioning from folk and musical theater to jazz, and created a big band by the name of JC Hopkins Biggish Band. Hopkins was introduced to a then fledgling singer Norah Jones through bassist Lee Alexander who played on Victoria Williams' album "Water to Drink", which Hopkins co-produced. Jones began singing with the Biggish Band and they performed in venues throughout New York City. A 2008 interview with Judy Carmichael delves into Hopkins' creative relationship with Jones.

paragraph: Upon Jones signing to Blue Note Records and recording her debut album "Come Away with Me" on which Hopkins co-wrote "Painter Song" with Lee Alexander, singer Madeleine Peyroux took her place on the bandstand and began writing songs with Hopkins, many of which would later appear on Hopkins' album "Underneath a Brooklyn Moon". Peyroux continued to perform with the band along with vocalist Queen Esther, who eventually became the band's mainstay singer.

paragraph: Legendary country singer/songwriter Willie Nelson heard a demo of Norah Jones singing Hopkins' song "Dreams Come True" with the JC Hopkins Biggish Band and decided to record the tune as a duet with Jones. That song appears on Nelson's album "It Always Will Be" and was nominated for a Grammy in the category of Best Country Collaboration.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Underneath a Brooklyn Moon.

paragraph: In 2005 Hopkins released the full-length album "Underneath a Brooklyn Moon" consisting of nine original songs co-written by Norah Jones ("One Never Knows") and Madeleine Peyroux ("Here Comes Love", "I Still Believe In Some Kind Of Love", "I've Got My Finger on a Star", "Settle Down"). The album received positive press on a national scale, including "The New Yorker", as well as on National Public Radio.

paragraph: Actor John Lithgow, upon hearing Hopkins in his NPR interview, inquired with Michael Krumper of Razor & Tie Records who sent Lithgow a copy of "Underneath a Brooklyn Moon". Shortly after, Lithgow asked Hopkins to produce his album of Tin Pan Alley children's songs, titled "The Sunny Side of the Street". That album was nominated for a Grammy in the category of Best Children's Album.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Meet Me at Minton's.

paragraph: A 2017 sophomore release, "Meet Me at Minton's", serves as a display of the diligently thought-through and perfectly arranged collaborations between a wide-ranging spectrum of jazz talents, both renowned and emerging, and has been met with great applause for its innovation, composition, and generation-spanning and acclaimed featured vocalists.

paragraph: The album is launched by vocalist Brianna Thomas, alongside solos by Troy Roberts and Bruce Harris on Hopkins' original "Remember When". On "Suddenly (In Walked Bud)", jazz legend Jon Hendricks trades 4's with Charles Turner and Brianna Thomas, in a generational hopping scat. Andy Bey's evocative vocal on the Hendricks/Monk tune, "Looking Back (Reflections)" features revered harpist Brandee Younger. Alicia Olatuja lends her vocals to Hopkins' composition "Dreams Come True", which was previously covered by Norah Jones and Willie Nelson.

paragraph: Vocalists Charles Turner and Queen Esther perform the title track "Meet Me at Minton's" and the Billie Holiday classic "Spreadin' Rhythm Around". Young guitar phenom Solomon Hicks, who was made lead guitarist for the Cotton Club Orchestra at the age of thirteen, is featured on "Alright Okay You Win". The album is then drawn to a close by Jazzmeia Horn and Jon Hendricks as they perform a duet of the Hendricks/Monk ballad "How I Wish (Ask Me Now)". The recording also features saxophonist Claire Daly, drummer Charles Goold, bassist Noah Jackson, trombonist Corey Wallace, saxophonist Christopher McBride and vibraphonist Joseph Doubleday. Concord recording artist Jazzmeia Horn, the 2016 winner of the Thelonious Monk Prize, has two features on the album, Hopkins' original "What Is Love" and the duet with Hendricks. Horn's relationship with Hendricks is evident despite a seventy-year age difference. Alicia Olatuja, who joined Gregory Porter on his recent Grammy-winning album, performs Hopkins' Grammy-nominated ballad, "Dreams Come True".

paragraph: Album photography features images of the band by Grayson Dantzic, son of photographer Jerry Dantzic, whose new book "Billie Holiday at Sugar Hill" was released in 2017 with Thames and Hudson and features never before seen photographs of Billie Holiday.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:It's a Sad and Beautiful World.

paragraph: Recorded in 2004, this collection of original songs finally saw the light of day in July 2018. The album features an impressive lineup of musicians from both the jazz and rock world. Levon Helm and Garth Hudson in a rare appearance recording together in post The Band period and Martha Wainwright are featured on notable tracks from the record. From the jazz world Victor Lewis, Vincent Chancey, Doug Wieselman also provide accompaniment, giving the sound of the record a genre-crossing baroque-pop feel.

paragraph: Section::::Live performances.

paragraph: In addition to concerts and events throughout the country, JC Hopkins Biggish Band notably played two tribute shows honoring—and featuring—seminal jazz songwriter Mose Allison. The first, in 2001, was held at Joe's Pub in Manhattan and included Hopkins' longtime friend and collaborator, singer Martha Wainwright, Norah Jones, Madeline Peyroux and Queen Esther. One decade later, in 2011, the band held its second tribute to Allison, again featuring the jazz great, as well as his daughter Amy Allison. The performance featured longtime Hopkins hero and legendary vocalist Elvis Costello performing Allison's songs with the Biggish Band as well as guest appearances by "Orange Is the New Black" star Lea DeLaria, folk singer Jolie Holland, Verve recording artist Lucy Woodward, and jazz singer Sasha Dobson.

paragraph: The Biggish Band has also been featured at Lincoln Center's "Midsummer Night's Swing"

paragraph: and has included songwriter and performance artist Justin Vivian Bond, Joey Arias, Lea DeLaria, as well as jazz pianist and singer Champian Fulton. The band regularly collaborates with various established venues and producers including humorist and writer Kiki Valentine at The Player's Club with Justin Bond, Martha Wainwright, Jolie Holland, The Minsky Sisters, and has appeared at the Blue Note Jazz Festival

paragraph: In 2014, vocalist Charles Turner joined the ensemble just as JC Hopkins Biggish Band began its Wednesday night residency the legendary Harlem jazz venue formerly known as Minton's Playhouse (now called "Minton's Harlem").

paragraph: The Biggish Band was also given the honor of celebrating the 100 year centennial for Frank Sinatra with the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival. Bandleader Hopkins created updated arrangements for classic Sinatra songs crooned by actress and singer Lea DeLaria, artist Ne-Yo, singer Alice Smith, and The Killers frontman Brandon Flowers.

paragraph: Section::::Minton's Harlem.

paragraph: In addition to his residency at the famed jazz institution Minton's Harlem, in 2014 Hopkins took over as music programmer, elevating the club's reputation as the genre's birthplace of bebop and is said to be responsible in part for the resurgence of jazz vocalists returning to Harlem clubs due to his selection of artists performing at Minton's. His latest release, "Meet Me At Minton's", is a nod to this moment and features Jazzmeia Horn.

paragraph: The J.C. Hopkins Biggish Band continues its residency at Minton's with new vocalists Joy Elysse, Nico Sarbanes and Vanisha-Arleen Gould.

paragraph: Section::::Writing, poetry and photography.

paragraph: Hopkins wrote the screenplay for the indie film "Poets Are The Destroyers", slated to be released in late 2019. He has two books of poetry on Impossible Books: "From Far Rockaway to Windsor Terrace" and "Summer of Blue Humidity". JC Hopkins photography appears on Martha Wainwright's and inside the 2012 album Come Home to Mama.

paragraph: Section::::Affiliated albums.

paragraph: Section::::Affiliated albums.:As producer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria Williams, "Water To Drink", Atlantic Records (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria Williams, '"Sing Some Old Songs", Dualtone Records (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Lithgow, "The Sunny Side Of The Street", Razor and Tie Records, (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Esther, "What Is Love", El Recordings (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ben Fields, "Extraordinary Light", Sire Records (2014)

paragraph: Section::::Affiliated albums.:Songwriting credits.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chuck Prophet, "Balinese Dancer" "Balinese Dancer", (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Manning, "Still?", "Nowhere", Matador Records, (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norah Jones, "Painter Song", "Come Away With Me", Blue Note, (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Willie Nelson, "Dreams Come True", "It Always Will Be", Lost Highway Records, (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ollabelle, (Amy Helm)"Everything Is Broken", "Riverside Battle Songs", Verve Records, (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ben Fields, "Matilda", "Extraordinary Light", Sire Records, (2014)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:JC Hopkins Biggish Band.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meet Me at Minton's", Harlem Jazz Records, (2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Underneath a Brooklyn Moon", Tigerlily Records (2005)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:JC Hopkins.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Athens by Night", Stickshift Records (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's a Sad and Beautiful World", Baroque Rock Records (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Flophouse.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flophouse", Heyday Records, (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Undaunted", Heyday Records, (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Upside Down", EP, Brinkman Records (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tulips and Chimneys", Brinkman Records, (1995)

description: American band leader

wikidata_label: JC Hopkins

wikipedia_title: J. C. Hopkins


text: Ruhrort

text: Berlin

text: Baden-Baden

text: headstone

text: Strasbourg

text: Prussian Academy of Art

text: Ernst Herter

text: Reinhold Begas

text: Siegesallee

text: Neoclassicism

text: Berlin Secession

text: Rauch-Museum

text: Machtergreifung

text: Reichskulturkammer

text: Friedhof Heerstraße

text: gunboat

text: Shantung

text: The Bund

text: Shanghai International Settlement

text: Heinrich Lanz AG

text: Mannheim

text: Savignyplatz

text: Anklam

text: The International Studio, Vol.36

categories: 1868 births,20th-century German sculptors,Prussian Academy of Arts alumni,1934 deaths,People from Duisburg,19th-century German sculptors,German male sculptors

paragraph: August Kraus

paragraph: August Friedrich Johann Kraus (9 July 1868, Ruhrort - 8 February 1934, Berlin) was a German sculptor.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of a coachman. In 1877, the family moved to Baden-Baden where he became an apprentice to a headstone sculptor. His family moved again in 1883, this time to Strasbourg, and he continued his studies at the municipal Arts and Crafts School. From 1887 to 1891, he was enrolled at the Prussian Academy of Art in Berlin, where he studied with Ernst Herter. For the next seven years, he was a Master Student of Reinhold Begas and continued to work under his influence for some time after.

paragraph: In 1900. his work on the Siegesallee (Victory Avenue) project won him the Academy's "Staatspreis", which included a stipendium for five years of study in Rome. This enabled him to break away from his artistic and financial dependence on Begas. Once there, his style took a turn towards Neoclassicism. Upon his return, he became a member of the Berlin Secession and served as its Vice-President from 1911 to 1913. He was Director of the Rauch-Museum from 1914 to 1920. The Sculptors' Association of Berlin elected him its first President.

paragraph: After the Nazi Machtergreifung in 1933, he signed a Declaration of Loyalty to Hitler and became a member of the Presidential Council of the Reichskulturkammer. That same year, he was appointed chairman of the Department of Fine Arts in a newly "cleansed" Academy and served as Provisional President until his death. It has been reported that he died at the exact moment his statue of Henry the Child in the Siegesallee was being damaged by a storm, but this is probably apocryphal. He is buried in the Friedhof Heerstraße, but also has an "honorary grave" in Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Selected major works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1898: Monument to the "SMS Iltis", a gunboat which sank in a storm off the coast of Shantung; located along The Bund in the Shanghai International Settlement. It was destroyed near the end of the World War I.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900-1901: Figures in the Siegesallee, Berlin. Kraus was the youngest sculptor to work on the project. He was closely assisted and supervised by Reinhold Begas and produced two sets of figures:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1910: Statue of Heinrich Lanz, on the premises of Heinrich Lanz AG in Mannheim.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1926-28: "Knabe mit Ziege" (Boy with a Goat), in the Savignyplatz, Berlin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928: "Gefallenen-Denkmal" (Memorial to the Fallen), in the Hohenzollernpark in Anklam.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929: The tomb of Heinrich Zille, Südwestkirchhof Stahnsdorf.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ethos und Pathos. Die Berliner Bildhauerschule 1786–1914", (Catalog) Peter Bloch, Sibylle Einholz and Jutta von Simson. Berlin 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Paret: "Die Berliner Secession. Moderne Kunst und ihre Feinde im Kaiserlichen Deutschland", Ullstein, Frankfurt/M. 1983 (Ullstein-Buch; Bd. 36074)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The International Studio, Vol.36 Article on Kraus by "H.W.S."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ArtNet: Smaller figures and busts by Kraus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grosstuchen (Pomerania): Picture of the "Gefallenen-Denkmal"

description: German sculptor

wikidata_label: August Kraus

wikipedia_title: August Kraus


text:
footballer
striker
Club San José
William Ramallo
FIFA World Cup qualification

categories: Expatriate footballers in Brazil,Bolivian expatriate footballers,Bolivian footballers,The Strongest players,Association football forwards,1990 births,Sportspeople from Santa Cruz de la Sierra,Bolivia international footballers,C.D. Jorge Wilstermann players,Esporte Clube Vitória players,Living people,Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players

paragraph: Rodrigo Ramallo

paragraph: Rodrigo Luis Ramallo Cornejo (born 14 October 1990) is a Bolivian footballer who plays as a striker for Club San José.

paragraph: He is the son of the famous Bolivian former striker William Ramallo.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: As his father, he has played for the Bolivia national team since 2014 and has, as of 1 July 2016, earned a total of 11 caps, scoring two goals. He represented his country in 3 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.

description: Bolivian footballer

wikidata_label: Rodrigo Ramallo

wikipedia_title: Rodrigo Ramallo


text:
cyclist
1972 Summer Olympics
1976 Summer Olympics

categories: Cyclists at the 1972 Summer Olympics,1948 births,German male cyclists,Sportspeople from Wuppertal,Cyclists at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Living people,Olympic cyclists of West Germany

paragraph: Wilfried Trott

paragraph: Wilfried Trott (born 25 July 1948) is a German former cyclist. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics for West Germany.

description: cyclist

wikidata_label: Wilfried Trott

wikipedia_title: Wilfried Trott


text: Kählers Keramiske Værksted

text: Næstved

text: Duchy of Holstein

text: Herman Wilhelm Bissen

text: faience

text: Vilhelm Klein

text: maiolica

text: Gubbio

text: Karl Hansen Reistrup

text: Great Nordic Exhibition

text: Exposition Universelle

text: Thorvald Bindesbøll

text: H. A. Brendekilde

text: L.A. Ring

text: Svend Hammershøi

categories: People from Næstved Municipality,1917 deaths,Danish potters,Danish ceramists,1846 births

paragraph: Herman A. Kähler

paragraph: Herman August Kähler, usually known as Herman A. Kähler, (6 March 1846 – 16 November 1917) was a Danish ceramic designer and manufacturer who ran the Kähler ceramic factory ("Kählers Keramiske Værksted") in Næstved, Denmark.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Kähler was the son of Joachim Christian Herman Kähler (1808-1884) from the Duchy of Holstein who established a pottery workshop in Næstved in 1839. Herman attended the Technical School in Copenhagen (1864–65) while studying privately under Herman Wilhelm Bissen. Thereafter he travelled to Germany, Switzerland and Paris, returning to Næstved at the end of 1867.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Together with his younger brother Carl Frederik Kähler, he took over the running of the factory in 1872. Carl became responsible for producing faience while Herman specialized in manufacturing tiled stoves. In 1875, after Carl withdrew, Herman built a new factory on the town's outskirts where he produced both stoves and pottery.

paragraph: As a result of his collaboration with the artist Vilhelm Klein, Kähler became interested in obtaining the red lustre glaze known as maiolica which had been produced in Gubbio, Italy, in the 16th century. In 1888 he succeeded, developing the now famous ruby glaze known as Kähler red. The designer Karl Hansen Reistrup (1863–1929) soon joined the enterprise, assisting in the production of finely formed, artistically decorated items, especially vases. Thanks to Reistrup's designs, Kähler's ceramics achieved considerable success both at the Great Nordic Exhibition held in Copenhagen in 1888 and at the Exposition Universelle held the following year in Paris. A number of other artists began to design items for the Kähler factory, including Thorvald Bindesbøll, H. A. Brendekilde, L.A. Ring and Svend Hammershøi. Their contributions further enhanced the firm's international success.

paragraph: Kähler died in Næstved in 1917. His son Herman Hans Christian Kähler (1876-1940) who had taken over management of the factory in 1901 continued to run the enterprise.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herman August Kähler Pottery, Nestved (on Zealand) 1839-1974. Article in CeramicsToday written by Tove Jespersen with several illustrations.

description: Danish ceramist

wikidata_label: Herman A. Kähler

wikipedia_title: Herman A. Kähler


text:
trompe l'oeil
Eindhoven
Kees Bol
Design Academy Eindhoven
Venlo
Boekel
Handel
Heusden
Raoul Hynckes
Dick Ket
Pyke Koch
Carel Willink
Gemert
Hilvarenbeek
Beek en Donk
Philips
Eindhoven
The Hague
Amsterdam
Düsseldorf
Germany
RTL Nederland
Frits Philips
Eindhoven

categories: Dutch still life painters,20th-century Dutch painters,Dutch male painters,1945 births,2000 deaths

paragraph: Henri Bol

paragraph: Henri Cornelis Bol (10 January 1945 – 10 July 2000) was a Dutch still life painter, whose work was known for its realism and trompe l'oeil technique.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Bol was born and raised in Eindhoven as the eldest son of painter Kees Bol. As a young adult Bol studied at the Design Academy Eindhoven (1960-1964), where his father was a teacher, and for several years, he attended the Graphic School in Venlo.

paragraph: In September 1966, he met Gerrie Klinkenberg, eldest daughter of a police inspector. They married in April 1968. In the autumn of 1967 he applied successfully for a job as a creative therapist at the mental hospital Huize Padua in Boekel. The family lived in Handel. In 1972 the "Blaauw Laaken" was acquired in the old fortified town of Heusden.

paragraph: During a visit in the late sixties to the Museum Arnhem, Bol became impressed by Dutch painters Raoul Hynckes, Dick Ket, Pyke Koch and Carel Willink. It inspired him to seriously focus on painting. Soon Bol was given the opportunity to exhibit his work. With fellow artists, he showed his paintings at Gemert Castle and at the Old Mill in Thorn. In 1973 Bol exhibited his work at the Town Hall of Hilvarenbeek.

paragraph: An avid collector, he acquired antiques like furniture, tin, enamel, watches, musical instruments, glassware, china and books. Historical objects which served only one purpose, namely to act as subjects in his still lifes.

paragraph: In the late 1970s Bol exhibited in the Old Town Hall of Beek en Donk and at the Philips Leisure Centre in Eindhoven. Subsequently, he showed his work at Smelink & Stokkink in The Hague, Gallery Mokum in Amsterdam and Gallery Gogol in Düsseldorf, Germany. In 1988 his wife Gerrie Bol-Klinkenberg launched her own Art Gallery "Blaauw Laaken" where Bol exhibited his paintings with great success until he died in 2000.

paragraph: In the mid 1990s RTL Nederland aired ‘Toppers’, presented by Willibrord Frequin. Central in one episode was Frits Philips, of the Philips Electronics. Bol featured in this program because he was working on a still life, commissioned in honor of the 90th anniversary of the industrialist.

paragraph: In 2002, on the occasion of the publication of a monograph on his work, an exhibition was organized at the Museum Kempenland in Eindhoven, titled "Sophisticated and timeless, still lifes by Henri Bol (1945-2000)".

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thoben, Peter, "Verstilde Stillevens", Museum Kempenland Eindhoven, Eindhoven 2004. pp. 76, 88. (in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schoonen, Rob, "Een perfecte fijnschilder", Eindhovens Dagblad 21 februari 2002. pp. 33. (in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eeden, Hans van den, "Expositie als monument voor Henri Bol", Brabants Dagblad 21 januari 2002. pp 9. (in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bodt, Saskia de, Aalst, Tom van der en Bol, Peter, "Henri Bol 1945-2000", uitg. Pictures Publishers, Wijk en Aalburg 2001. (in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art Fair Autotron in Rosmalen", Origine 6 1998. pp. 102–104 (in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Verburgh, Henriette, "Stilleven als eeuwig leven: Henri Bol in Heusdens Kunstkabinet Het Blaauw Laaken", Origine 5 1997. pp 64–65. (in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aalst, Tom van der, "Heusden en Altena, In de ban van het water", uitg. Pictures Publishers, Wijk en Aalburg 1996. pp 94–95. (in English and Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hamming, Annelette, "Henri Bol en het Stilleven", Tableau 3 1994. pp 82–84. (in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vader en zoon, een wereld van verschil, gezamenlijke expositie van Kees en Henri Bol", Palet 246 1993. pp 30–35. (in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacobs, P.M.J., "Beeldend Nederland", uitg. drs. P.M.J.Jacobs BV Tilburg 1993.(in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scholten-Klinkenbergh, Monique, "Twee generaties. Kees en Henri Bol, landschappen en stillevens", Smelik & Stokking Galleries Den Haag 1988.(in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Visser, Sjouke, "20 realisten; hedendaagse kunst uit Nederland", uitg. Galerie de Vis, Harlingen 1987. (in Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bol, Henri, Hofmeester, Frans en Lossie, Frans, "Fijnschilderen. Het stilleven volgens de werkwijze van Henri Bol", uitg. Cantecleer 1985. (in Dutch language)

description: Dutch painter

wikidata_label: Henri Bol

wikipedia_title: Henri Bol


text:
Bell Witch
Edgecombe County, North Carolina
North Carolina
Tennessee
Robertson County, Tennessee
Bell Witch
Andrew Jackson
neurological disorder
Sir Charles Bell

categories: Deaths by poisoning,1820 deaths,1750 births,Farmers from Tennessee,People from Edgecombe County, North Carolina,People from Robertson County, Tennessee

paragraph: John Bell (farmer)

paragraph: John Bell (1750 – 20 December 1820) was an American farmer whose death was attributed to supernatural causes. He is a central figure in the Bell Witch ghost story of southern American folklore. In 1817, Bell contracted a mysterious affliction that worsened over the next three years, ultimately leading to his death. According to the story, the Bell Witch took pleasure in tormenting him during his affliction, finally poisoning him one December morning as he lay unconscious after suffering a number of violent seizures.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, Bell was an apprentice barrel maker during his formative years and later pursued a career in farming. He married Lucy Williams in 1782 and settled on the farm he had bought previously. The Bells prospered over the next eight years and were among the area's most successful planters. In the winter of 1804-1805, Bell and his family embarked on a journey over the treacherous mountains of North Carolina and east Tennessee that took them to an area called "The Barren Plains," settling in the northwest section of present-day Robertson County, Tennessee.

paragraph: Section::::Bell Witch.

paragraph: Bell became a successful farmer and gained prominence in his new abode. It is said that sometime late in 1816, John and his daughter Betsy Bell began to be plagued by a goblin-like entity that came to be known as either the "Bell Witch" or "Kate Batts Witch" (after Kate Batts, a neighbour of the Bell family). The Bell Witch apparently appeared to John one day when he was inspecting his fields. It took the form of an animal, but ran off before he could shoot it. The entity then began attacking family members and even visitors to the house, and began haunting the community. The witch became known far and wide, and even Andrew Jackson visited the Bell household in 1819 to experience the Witch at first hand.

paragraph: Bell's subsequent affliction was most likely a neurological disorder. Very little was known about such disorders in the early nineteenth century, and few treatment options were available, although the Scottish anatomist Sir Charles Bell discovered a neurological disorder that yielded symptoms almost identical to those displayed by John Bell at the onset of his affliction.

paragraph: John Bell died on 20 December 1820. After his death, the witch was no longer reported as attacking Bell's family. Bell and his wife Lucy are buried in the Bellwood Cemetery. The Bell Witch is said to have disrupted the funeral service, singing bawdy drinking songs.

wikidata_label: John Bell

wikipedia_title: John Bell (farmer)


text:
American football
wide receiver
New England Patriots
2010 NFL Draft
college football
Ohio University
Jacksonville Jaguars
Seattle Seahawks
Hilliard, Ohio
Hilliard Darby High School
special teams
lettered
baseball
Ohio University
Wyoming
New England Patriots
2010 NFL Draft
Miami Dolphins
Jacksonville Jaguars
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
injured reserve
Jacksonville Jaguars bio
New England Patriots bio
Ohio Bobcats bio

categories: People from Hilliard, Ohio,1987 births,American football wide receivers,Players of American football from Ohio,Ohio Bobcats football players,Jacksonville Jaguars players,New England Patriots players,Living people

paragraph: Taylor Price

paragraph: Taylor Price (born October 8, 1987) is a former American football wide receiver. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at Ohio University. He also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars and Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Price was born in Hilliard, Ohio, and attended Hilliard Darby High School. As a junior, he was a second-team all-conference selection and as a senior he was an honorable mention all-district selection. He played in all three phases of the game, and blocked five kicks on special teams as a junior. He also lettered in baseball.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Price attended Ohio University and played in 14 games as a true freshman in 2006, finishing the year with nine receptions for 77 yards. As a sophomore, Price started at wide receiver and recorded 33 receptions for 464 yards and four touchdowns. He also had six rushes for 23 yards and two passes for 50 yards and a touchdown. In 2008 as a junior, Price started 11 of 12 games made 51 catches for 694 yards and five touchdowns. He also rushed five times for 19 yards and had two kickoff returns for 22 yards. In his senior season in 2009, Price started all 14 games and set a career-high with 56 receptions for 784 yards, and also carried the ball 11 times for 103 yards. His 149 career receptions set an Ohio record, while his 2,019 receiving yards ranked second in school history. Price also had a 14-catch performance against Wyoming, a school record.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Statistics.

paragraph: ~includes bowl games

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New England Patriots.

paragraph: Price was drafted by the New England Patriots in the third round (90th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. On May 25, 2010, he signed a four-year deal with the Patriots. Price was inactive for the first 15 games of his rookie regular season before making his NFL debut in the Week 17 finale against the Miami Dolphins. He caught three passes for 41 yards in the game. Price was waived by the Patriots on December 3, 2011, after playing in only three games in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: The Jacksonville Jaguars claimed Price off waivers on December 5, 2011. The Tampa Bay Buccaneers had also put in a claim for Price, but he went to the Jaguars because they were higher on the waiver order.

paragraph: Price was waived/injured on August 12, 2012, and subsequently reverted to injured reserve on August 18.

paragraph: Price was once again waived/injured on August 5, 2013 and placed on injured reserve on August 7

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Seattle signed Price to a one-year contract on March 12, 2014. He was placed on injured reserve on July 29, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacksonville Jaguars bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- New England Patriots bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ohio Bobcats bio

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Taylor Price

wikipedia_title: Taylor Price


text:
professional baseball
catcher
Toronto Blue Jays
Major League Baseball
Tampa Bay Rays
Covington Catholic High School
University of Kentucky
Covington Catholic High School
Park Hills, Kentucky
batting average
on-base percentage
hits
walks
runs scored
runs batted in
double
triples
Cincinnati Enquirer
2009 Major League Baseball draft
University of Kentucky
college baseball
Kentucky Wildcats baseball
2012
Southeastern Conference
Golden Spikes Award
Dick Howser Trophy
Tampa Bay Rays
2012 Major League Baseball draft
Short Season-A
Hudson Valley Renegades
Class-A
Bowling Green Hot Rods
Salt River Rafters
Arizona Fall League
Montgomery Biscuits
Double-A
Southern League
Durham Bulls
Triple-A
International League
designated
Toronto Blue Jays
waivers
Buffalo Bisons
Jarrod Saltalamacchia
MRI
meniscus

categories: Montgomery Biscuits players,Hudson Valley Renegades players,Kentucky Wildcats baseball players,Dunedin Blue Jays players,Major League Baseball catchers,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Baseball players from Kentucky,Tampa Bay Rays players,Salt River Rafters players,Cotuit Kettleers players,Durham Bulls players,Bowling Green Hot Rods players,People from Kenton County, Kentucky,Surprise Saguaros players,Covington Catholic High School alumni,1991 births,Living people,American expatriate baseball players in Canada

paragraph: Luke Maile

paragraph: Luke Richard Maile (born February 6, 1991) is an American professional baseball catcher for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Tampa Bay Rays. Before his professional career, Maile played amateur baseball for Covington Catholic High School and the University of Kentucky.

paragraph: Section::::High school and college.

paragraph: Maile attended Covington Catholic High School in Park Hills, Kentucky. While there he set school records for batting average, on-base percentage, hits, walks, runs scored, runs batted in, doubles, and triples. He was named the "Cincinnati Enquirer"s Player of the Year in three of his four years at Covington Catholic, and was named Kentucky's Mr. Baseball in his senior year.

paragraph: The Red Sox selected Maile in the 43rd round of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft, but he did not sign, because they weren't offering enough money. Instead, he enrolled at the University of Kentucky, where he played college baseball for the Kentucky Wildcats baseball team. In 2012, his junior year, Maile won the Southeastern Conference (SEC) Player of the Week Award twice, was an All-SEC Second Team member, and was a semifinalist for the Golden Spikes Award as well as the Dick Howser Trophy.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Rays.

paragraph: The Tampa Bay Rays selected Maile in the eighth round, with the 272nd overall selection, of the 2012 Major League Baseball draft. He was assigned to the Short Season-A Hudson Valley Renegades for the entire 2012 season, appearing in 61 games and batting .278 with three home runs and 41 RBI. In 2013, Maile played in 95 games for the Class-A Bowling Green Hot Rods. He finished the year with a .283 batting average, four home runs, and 49 RBI. During the offseason, Maile played for the Salt River Rafters of the Arizona Fall League.

paragraph: In 2014, Maile played for the Montgomery Biscuits of the Double-A Southern League. The Rays promoted him to the Durham Bulls of the Triple-A International League at the end of August, but he did not appear in any games for the Bulls in 2014. In 97 games for Montgomery, Maile hit .268 with five home runs and 37 RBI. Maile played for the Bulls in 2015, hitting .207 in 89 games, and was promoted to the major leagues on September 1. He appeared in 15 games for the Rays in 2015, and hit .171 with two RBI.

paragraph: Maile split time between Durham and Tampa Bay in 2016. He played in 58 games for the Bulls, hitting .242 with two home runs and 12 RBI. With the Rays, he appeared in 42 games and recorded a .227 batting average with three home runs and 15 RBI. The Rays designated Maile for assignment on April 2, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Toronto Blue Jays.

paragraph: The Toronto Blue Jays claimed Maile off waivers on April 6, 2017 On April 28, Maile was recalled from the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons after Jarrod Saltalamacchia was designated for assignment. Maile was placed on the disabled list on July 4 with knee inflammation. An MRI later that day determined he had a torn meniscus. He was activated from the disabled list on September 1. For the 2017 season, Maile hit .146 with 2 home runs in 46 games.

paragraph: Maile served as the backup catcher for the 2018 season. He hit .248 with 3 home runs and 27 RBIs.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Maile was married on November 1, 2014 to Paige Maile, née Archinal.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Luke Maile

wikipedia_title: Luke Maile


text:
cricket
batsman
first-class
Marylebone Cricket Club
Oxford University
Hampshire
Sussex
Kent
Frank Penn
Surrey
Church of England
Winchester Cathedral
Winchester Cathedral
Winchester Cathedral
Winchester
Hampshire
James Crowdy
Cricinfo
James Crowdy

categories: People from Wiltshire,1847 births,People from Highworth,Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers,English cricketers,1918 deaths

paragraph: James Crowdy (cricketer)

paragraph: James Gordon Crowdy (2 July 1847 – 16 December 1918) was an English cricketer. Crowdy was a right-handed batsman.

paragraph: Crowdy made his first-class debut for the Marylebone Cricket Club in the 1872 season. Crowdy played a single match for the club against Oxford University.

paragraph: In 1875 Crowdy made his first-class debut for Hampshire against Sussex. Crowdy played three matches for the county in the 1875 season. In a County match against Kent, Crowdy took his only first-class wicket, that of Frank Penn.

paragraph: Crowdy's next first-class appearance for Hampshire came in 1877, where he played a single first-class match against Kent. It would be five more years before Crowdy represented the county again, in the 1882 season against the Marylebone Cricket Club.

paragraph: Crowdy's final first-class appearance came in the 1884 season against Surrey.

paragraph: He was also an ordained priest in the Church of England. He was appointed Minor Canon of Winchester Cathedral in 1872, Precentor of Winchester Cathedral 1879-1890, Rector of Sherfield on Loddon 1890-1912, Rural Dean of Silchester 1904-1912. His memorial is on the wall in Winchester Cathedral.

paragraph: Crowdy died at Winchester, Hampshire on 16 December 1918.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Crowdy at Cricinfo

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Crowdy at CricketArchive

description: cricketer

wikidata_label: James Crowdy

wikipedia_title: James Crowdy (cricketer)


text:
abbess
Fraumünster Abbey
von Zimmern
Weesen
Walensee
Ulrich Zwingli
Fraumünster Abbey
Einsiedeln Abbey
Benedictine
Hans Leu the Elder
Swiss National Museum
Holy Roman Empire
Kurfürst
Oswald Myconius
Grossmünster
Reformation
Wasserkirche
city of Zürich
Hegau
Wars of Kappel
Neumarkt
Constaffel
Münsterhof
Oetenbach nunnery
wainscoting
Enge
Fraumünster society
Gesellschaft zu Fraumünster
Dölf Wild

categories: 1547 deaths,16th-century women rulers,16th-century Swiss people,1478 births,Benedictine abbesses,People from Meßkirch,15th-century Swiss people,15th-century women rulers,Swiss Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns,People from Zürich,Swiss nobility,Converts to Protestantism from Roman Catholicism,History of Zürich,15th-century Swiss women

paragraph: Katharina von Zimmern

paragraph: Katharina von Zimmern (1478 – 17 August 1547), also known as the imperial abbess of Zürich and Katharina von Reischach, was the last abbess of the Fraumünster Abbey in Zürich.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Katharina von Zimmern was born in 1478 in the rich southern German noble family of baron Hans Werner von Zimmern and countess Margarethe von Oettingen. Katharina was the fourth girl and had four further brothers and two sisters. Her father loved hunting, played several musical instruments, and was in the service of the Duke Sigmund of Tyrol. In 1488 he fell from the favour of Emperor Frederick III due to intrigues and was forced to flee with his family. Kathrina lived an adventurous escape with her mother and some siblings after Weesen on Walensee lakeshore. Probably there she met in 1490 the 6-year-old Ulrich Zwingli, who had been given to his uncle, the parish priest in charge. Kathrina's father tried to accommodate her and her older sister in the Fraumünster Abbey in Zürich, which was reserved for aristocratic women. Supported by Albrecht von Bonstetten, the dean of the Einsiedeln Abbey allowed the two young women to enter the monastery life in 1491 and 1494 respectively. However, morally questionable conditions prevailed in the abbey and the young girls were molested by priests, so Katharina and her sister returned for a short time to their family's house.

paragraph: Section::::Abbess of the Fraumünster Abbey.

paragraph: In 1496, when Katharina was 18 years old, she was elected to be the abbess, and now the head of the large monastery's household. Being still a Benedictine abbey, the noble women lived like a free pen. Extensive lands with many subjects and people were entrusted to Katharina von Zimmern, supported by the management of an experienced staff, but the main responsibility laid with Katharina. She had all the rights to act, to buy and sell goods, as well the old prerogative of mercy of the city and the right to elect the mayor, even to grant pardons on death sentences. Katharina von Zimmern reorganized the finances of the abbey, tried to regain the old comprehensive right of coinage of the city, and was very active in construction and art.

paragraph: She led the construction of the abbey buildings, which existed until 1898, as well as the interior painting of the former Maria chappel in the Fraumünster cathedral, a church bell with humanistic inscriptions as well she may have been one of the patrons of Hans Leu the Elder according to a document of around 1500. Two of the beautiful, intricately decorated rooms known as "Hof der Äbtissin" where the abbess kept audience, were installed in 1892 at the Swiss National Museum.

paragraph: During her 28-year tenure as abbess, Katharina was rarely called in the council records of the city, because her reign occurred to no complaints within the city of Zürich. Unlike her predecessors, she led the abbey successfully and with tact and discretion. In 1503 four young noble women entered the convent, so that their number was increased to seven. The abbey also included a school which was rebuilt under Katharina. Although the abbesses in the late Middle Ages largely had lost political influence, Katharina was still nominally the city mistress of Zürich and thus the first representative of the city, i.e. all official guests were first greeted by her. As "Reichsfürstin" (imperial princess) the abbess was in the Holy Roman Empire part of a strictly limited group of about 100 people who were in the hierarchy directly below the Kurfürst's.

paragraph: Living in transition times, Katharina von Zimmern allowed to Oswald Myconius, a close friend of Zwingli, to teach Latin at the cathedral school to the women. In January 1519 Ulrich Zwingli began at the Grossmünster church to put the Gospel into the center of the mess and to translate the Bible into the German language. Zwingli wrote about Katharina von Zimmern: "She belongs to the party of Christ and does not refuse any Support to me." As of 1523, the Reformation events themselves headlong into the city of Zürich. After disputations in the town hall, the churches were cleared and most of the sculptures of saints were stored in the Wasserkirche. In the adjacent Dominican convent, the city council gave permission to repeal the monasteries, most of the women left the Fraumünster Abbey, and the four remaining noble women of the convent went back to their families. Katharina remained with her assistant alone in the monastery, and without monastic community in the midst of a reformed city, it was impossible to continue a monastery life corresponding to the Benedictine rules.

paragraph: On 8 December 1524, on the day of the Immaculate Conception, Katharina von Zimmern passed the abbey into the possession of the city of Zürich. Two documents attest to this serious act: The waiver of 30 November and the transfer deed dated 8 December. The transfer deed, drawn up on parchment, with all assets and rights certified by Katharina von Zimmern, confirmed the transfer of the abbey to the city, in a language of their own, i.e. Katharina assessed the political circumstances and current events properly, but stressed that they are free and self-determined a conscience decision precipitated. A few days after their waiver, Zürich disbanded all other monasteries and took their goods. This became possible only after the abbess had agreed to the peaceful implementation of the Reformation in the city of Zurich.

paragraph: Section::::Late years.

paragraph: Katharina von Zimmern was 46 years old, her still Roman Catholic family had broken with her. She was included in the citizenship of the city of Zurich, retained the right of residence in the Abbey and received from the city a decent pension. But Katharina began again a new life: a few months after the surrender of the abbey, she married Eberhard von Reischach and gave birth, despite their advanced age, two children, a daughter and a son who died early. Zwingli describes in a letter to Katharina Vadian the major concern to the family. Eberhard von Reischach was the member of an impoverished noble family from Hegau, was 15 years older than Katharina, and was in the service of the Duke of Württemberg. As a mercenary leader, he had fought in the Swabian War in 1499 for Zürich and thus acquired the citizenship of the city in 1500. He was married with Verena Göldli with whom he had four children, and had to leave Zurich. Widowed and banished from Zurich, Reischach lived in Schaffhausen, Katharina moved with him, two years later they moved to Diessenhofen. In 1529 the Wars of Kappel began, Reischach was reinstated in the service of the city, and the family moved back to Zürich. Eberhard fell in the battle of Kappel on 11 October 1531.

paragraph: Now as a widow, Katharina bought the "Bracken" house at Oberdorfstrasse in Zürich and later the "Mohrenkopf" house at Neumarkt 13 where she and her daughter found a new home. Together with Zwingli's wife Anna Reinhart, Katharina von Zimmern was included in the Constaffel society.

paragraph: In an document of the city council of Zürich, Katharina von Zimmern was mentioned as mediator related to a financial affair between the city of Luzern respectively Aegeri and the Fraumünster church on 31 July 1545. She was still highly respected and was in the account books of the city listed as "Eptissin" (abbess). Her daughter Anna married Heinrich von Mandach, who owned the house next door at Neumarkt. On August 17, 1547, Katharina von Zimmern died at home. For a long time the date of death was not known, although it was listed in an attachment in the council book. It seems no location to be listed in the official records, where Katharina von Zimmern is buried.

paragraph: Section::::Reformation in Zürich and aftermath.

paragraph: Katharina von Zimmern allowed Zwingli to preach in Fraumünster every Friday when there was market day on the Münsterhof square. Thus, the farmers and traders gathered in front of the church from the surrounding villages in the Canton of Zürich. They attended services at the cathedral and so were familiar with the message of the Reformation. So Katharina may contributed more effort to the Reformation, as it is commonly awarded, however, she may have actively supported the Reformation process, as well as she managed the handover of the Abbey to the city to prevent bloodshed. However, she married one of Zwingli's followers, and as a widow, she stayed in the city and actively participated in the newly formed Reformed Church of the canton of Zürich.

paragraph: Section::::Äbtissinenstube.

paragraph: As well as the interior decoration of the dormitory of the Oetenbach nunnery, the so-called "Äbtissinnenstuben" of the Fraumünster abbey, the last resident Katharina von Zimmern, thanks to their uninterrupted use and appreciation of the institutions established there, remained in use until a few years before the demolition of the monastic buildings occurred. The wood-carved wainscoting were transferred to the Swiss National Museum in Zürich.

paragraph: Section::::Katharina von Zimmern memorial.

paragraph: On March 14, 2004, the Katharina von Zimmern memorial was inaugurated at the former cloister of the Fraumünster Abbey. Anna-Maria Bauer, a sculptor from Zürich, created a sculpture that consists of 37 copper blocks that are layered into a compact square. The shape of the sculpture refers to the shape of an altar table or burial and shines in its simplicity as a symbol of timelessness. On the floor a banner was engraved:

paragraph: In 1923 the "Katharinenweg" street in Zürich-Enge was named after Katharina von Zimmern. In 2000 Katharina von Zimmern was honored by the Fraumünster society, and a plaque marks the house at Neumarkt 13 where she once lived.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gesellschaft zu Fraumünster

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Regine Abegg: "Spätgotische Stuben und Flachschnitzfriese aus dem Hof der Fraumünster-Äbtissin Katharina von Zimmern im Schweizerischen Landesmuseum". Published by Verein Katharina von Zimmern, Zürich 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Niederhäuser and Dölf Wild: "Das Fraumünster in Zürich. Von der Königsabtei zur Stadtkirche". Mitteilungen der Antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zürich, Vol 80. Chronos Verlag, Zürich 2012.

description: imperial abbess of the Fraumünster abbey in Zurich, Switzerland

wikidata_label: Katharina von Zimmern

wikipedia_title: Katharina von Zimmern