text: 1990 democratic revolution

text: Oyuun

text: Civic Will Party

text: Pyotr Kozlov

text: Marshal Choibalsan's

text: purges

text: Buryat

text: Ulaanbaatar

text: Moscow

text: Lomonosov Moscow State University

text: Mongolian State University

text: adoption of a multi-party system

text: Berlin Wall

text: Sükhbaatar Square

text: Ulaanbaatar

text: People's Great Khural

text: coup attempt by Soviet hardliners

text: Mikhail Gorbachev

text: State Great Khural

text: Democratic Union

text: Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj

text: Prime Minister of Mongolia

text: Golomt Bank

text: Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party

text: Janlavyn Narantsatsralt

text: Sanjaasürengiin Oyuun

text: Oyuun

text: Civic Will Party

text: Government Palace

text: Zorig Foundation

text: Ts.Nyamdorj

text: General Intelligence Agency of Mongolia

text: Supreme Court of Mongolia

categories: Mongolian people of Russian descent,1998 deaths,Moscow State University alumni,Democratic Party (Mongolia) politicians,Mongolian activists,Deaths by stabbing in Mongolia,Assassinated activists,Members of the State Great Khural,Mongolian expatriates in the Soviet Union,Assassinated Mongolian politicians,People from Ulaanbaatar,People murdered in Mongolia,1962 births,Mongolian murder victims,Buryat people

paragraph: Sanjaasürengiin Zorig

paragraph: Sanjaasurengiin Zorig (, 20 April 1962 – 2 October 1998) was a prominent Mongolian politician and leader of the country's 1990 democratic revolution. He is called the "Golden Swallow of Democracy" (, "ardchillyn altan kharaatsai"). After his death, his sister Oyuun entered politics and founded the Civic Will Party.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Zorig's grandfather was a Russian geographer and ethnographer A. D. Simukov who had come to Mongolia as part of an expedition headed by Pyotr Kozlov. Zorig's grandfather was a victim of Marshal Choibalsan's purges, leaving his daughter Dorjpalam, Zorig's mother, an orphan. Dorjpalam starred in a popular Mongolian movie before marrying Sanjaasüren, Mongolian State University professor and a Buryat (a Mongolian ethnic minority). Zorig was the second of their three children.

paragraph: From 1970 on, Zorig attended middle school No. 23 in Ulaanbaatar, one of the city's Russian-language schools. From 1980 to 1985 he studied philosophy at Moscow's Lomonosov Moscow State University. Afterwards, he worked for a year as an instructor for the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League in Ulaanbaatar, and in 1986 became lecturer for scientific communism at the Mongolian State University. He became an accomplished chess player, later serving as president of the Mongolian Chess Federation. In 1988 he founded the "New Generation" group of young dissidents dedicated to spreading democracy in Mongolia.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Democratic Revolution.

paragraph: In 1989 and 1990, S. Zorig played a leading role in the events that led to Mongolia's adoption of a multi-party system. On December 10, 1989, a month after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Zorig led a group of 200 activists in a public protest demanding a free-market economy and free elections. In January 1990 Zorig and his fellow Mongolian Democrat dissidents began staging weekend protests in Sükhbaatar Square, the center of Ulaanbaatar. The protests started small but grew into large crowds as January passed into February. Tensions increased as the crowds swelled and the Communist government debated crushing them with force. At one point when protesters were scuffling with soldiers and an outbreak of violence seemed likely, Zorig took a megaphone, sat atop a friend's shoulders to make himself visible to the crowd, and called for calm. Violence was averted. The picture of Zorig addressing the protesters became a famous symbol of Mongolia's peaceful revolution. In March, the Mongolian Politburo resigned and one-party rule in Mongolia ended.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:After the revolution.

paragraph: In June 1990, Zorig was elected into the People's Great Khural. In August 1991, he was the only prominent Mongolian politician to immediately denounce the coup attempt by Soviet hardliners against Mikhail Gorbachev. He was elected into the State Great Khural both in 1992 and 1996, the first time as a minority member and the second time as a member of the Democratic Union that swept into power as Mongolia's first non-Communist government since the 1921 Communist revolution. Zorig questioned the pace of free-market reforms in Mongolia after the Democrats came to power, believing the reforms weren't fair and would push too many Mongolians below the poverty line. In 1998 he became Mongolia's Minister for Infrastructure.

paragraph: The year 1998 was a year of political crisis in Mongolia. Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj became the new Prime Minister of Mongolia in April 1998, and in one of his first decisions he sold the state-owned Reconstruction Bank to the private Golomt Bank, which was owned by Mongolian Democrats. Members of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party walked out in protest, and, without a working majority in Parliament, Elbegdorj was forced to resign. The parties conferred and in closed meetings agreed on Infrastructure Minister S. Zorig as a compromise candidate to be the new Prime Minister. The announcement was scheduled for Monday, October 5.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination.

paragraph: Zorig was murdered on Friday, October 2, 1998. Two assailants entered his apartment, tied up his girlfriend Bulgan, and waited. As soon as Zorig stepped through the door they jumped him, stabbing him sixteen times, including three stab wounds to the heart. Strangely, they stole a bottle of vinegar and a bottle of soy sauce from the refrigerator before fleeing the apartment. Four days after the murder, mourners crowded Sukhbaatar Square, holding candlelight vigils. His body lay in the Government House before his burial on Wednesday, October 7. The government crisis lingered for another two months until Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, the mayor of Ulaanbaatar, was finally named the new Prime Minister in December 1998.

paragraph: His murder remained unsolved for 19 years until December 2016, leading to speculation that someone with insider knowledge of Zorig's impending elevation to the post of Prime Minister took action to prevent it. Zorig's wife Bulgan came under suspicion and was briefly held by police, but no charges were ever brought.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Zorig's sister Sanjaasürengiin Oyuun was elected to his seat in the Mongolian parliament soon after his assassination. She later served as Mongolia's Minister of Foreign Affairs. The political party founded by his sister Oyuun, the "Irgenii Zorig Nam" () or Civic Will Party, bears a reference to his name.

paragraph: A statue for him has been erected in Ulaanbaatar, across the street from the Central Post Office. The statue faces toward the Government Palace, symbolizing Zorig's morning walk toward his workplace. Flowers are placed at the statue every year on the day of his death, attended by his family members, friends, politicians, and other citizens.

paragraph: The Zorig Foundation, founded in October 1998 shortly after S. Zorig's murder, exists today as "a Mongolian non-profit organization promoting democracy through social action, youth activities, and good governance programs."

paragraph: Section::::Murder case trial.

paragraph: In December 2016, the district court in a closed hearing has convicted three individuals Ts.Amgalanbaatar, D.Sodnomdarjaa and T.Chimgee of the 1998 murder of S.Zorig. The panel of judges issued a guilty verdict after the hearing that was held over a period of 6 weeks. The defendants were each given prison sentences of between 24 and 25 years to be carried in a strict regime prison. In March 2017, the Criminal Appeals Court of Ulaanbaatar has rejected the appeal of the 3 defendants after confirming that the testimony by the convicts D. Sodnomdarjaa and Ts. Amgalanbaatar given during the investigation regarding the case and the facts, as well as the hand-written testament by B. Sodnomdarjaa correspond to the testimonies of the relevant witnesses, material evidences from the site of the case, notes taken during the investigation at the site of the crime, as well as the conclusions of the experts regarding bodily injuries of the victim.

paragraph: Then - deputy prime minister Ts.Nyamdorj, some other politicians and victim's family members questioned the decision to hold the trial behind closed doors., In December, 2017, the Cabinet of Mongolia permitted to declassify the majority of this murder case file consisting of 14,926 pages while 74 pages of materials to be kept classified. The declassified documents had been transferred from the General Intelligence Agency of Mongolia to the Archive of Criminal Cases Database under the Supreme Court of Mongolia.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- C. Amarcanaa and C. Mainbayar "Concise Historical Album of the Mongolian Democratic Union". 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kohn, Michael. "Dateline Mongolia: An American Journalist in Nomad's Land". 2006, RDR Books paperback,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rossabi, Morris. "Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Communists". 2005, University of California Press paperback,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography on the Zorig Foundation Website

description: Mogolian politician

wikidata_label: Sanjaasürengiin Zorig

wikipedia_title: Sanjaasürengiin Zorig


text:
Cincinnati
Cincinnati
baseball
shortstop
Washington Nationals
St. Louis Browns
New York Giants
Harry Fuller

categories: Major League Baseball shortstops,St. Louis Browns (AA) players,1904 deaths,Springfield Ponies players,Washington Nationals (1886–89) players,1867 births,Baseball players from Ohio,19th-century baseball players,Detroit Tigers (Western League) players,Sportspeople from Cincinnati,Springfield Maroons players,New Orleans Pelicans (baseball) players,New York Giants (NL) players,New York Metropolitans (minor league) players

paragraph: Shorty Fuller

paragraph: William Benjamin "Shorty" Fuller (October 10, 1867 in Cincinnati – April 11, 1904 in Cincinnati) was an American professional baseball player who played shortstop in the Major Leagues from to . He played for the Washington Nationals, St. Louis Browns, and New York Giants. His brother, Harry Fuller, also played professional baseball.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Shorty Fuller

wikipedia_title: Shorty Fuller


text: Leiden University

text: Herman Boerhaave

text: St Albans

text: William Cowper

text: Joseph Cotton

text: Honourable East India Company

text: Nathaniel Cotton

text: Visions in Verse

categories: 1707 births,1788 deaths,English male poets,18th-century English poets,Leiden University alumni,18th-century English medical doctors

paragraph: Nathaniel Cotton

paragraph: Nathaniel Cotton (; 1707 – 2 August 1788) was an English physician and poet.

paragraph: Cotton is thought to have studied at Leiden University, possibly under Herman Boerhaave. Cotton specialised in the care of patients with mental health issues, maintaining an asylum known as the Collegium Insanorum, at St Albans. William Cowper was one of his patients and held Cotton in high regard.

paragraph: Cotton was also a published poet, whose poems were described by Cheever as "full of good sense, benevolence, and piety" although not works of genius. He was the author of "Visions in Verse", first published in 1751; and a two volume complete collection of his works was published in 1791.

paragraph: He was married twice, first in 1738 to Anne Pembroke, with whom he had eight children, six of whom survived past infancy and one, Joseph Cotton, who became a director of the Honourable East India Company. His second marriage in 1750 or 51 was to Hannah Everett, with whom he had a son and two daughters. He died at St Albans on 2 August 1788 and is buried in St. Peter's churchyard.

paragraph: After Cotton's death the asylum was run by Dr Stephen Pellet.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nathaniel Cotton at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Visions in Verse, in an 1826 anthology

description: British writer

enwikiquote_title: Nathaniel Cotton

wikidata_label: Nathaniel Cotton

wikipedia_title: Nathaniel Cotton


text: Oil City, Pennsylvania

text: Memphis, Tennessee

text: Major League Baseball

text: outfielder

text: St. Louis Browns/Perfectos

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: Memphis, Tennessee

categories: St. Louis Browns (AA) players,1945 deaths,1868 births,Nashville Tigers players,Toledo Mud Hens players,St. Louis Perfectos players,Chattanooga Lookouts players,People from Oil City, Pennsylvania,Baseball players from Pennsylvania,Mobile Sea Gulls players,19th-century baseball players,Niagara Purple Eagles baseball players,Birmingham Barons players,Major League Baseball outfielders,Memphis Egyptians players,Cincinnati Reds players,Baltimore Orioles (AA) players,Nashville Vols players

paragraph: Dusty Miller (1890s outfielder)

paragraph: Charles Bradley Miller (September 10, 1868 in Oil City, Pennsylvania – September 3, 1945 in Memphis, Tennessee), was a Major League Baseball outfielder. He played all or part of seven seasons in the majors, between and , for the St. Louis Browns/Perfectos, Cincinnati Reds, and Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: Miller died in Memphis, Tennessee in 1945 of coronary thrombosis.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Dusty Miller

wikipedia_title: Dusty Miller (1890s outfielder)


text:
Academy of Budapest
Auguste Rodin
Jean Paul Lorenz
TKPAGE
Eugene Kormendi

categories: Hungarian art,Hungarian sculptors,1959 deaths,20th-century sculptors,1889 births

paragraph: Eugene Kormendi

paragraph: Eugene Kormendi (1889–1959) was a Hungarian sculptor. He studied at the Academy of Budapest before moving to Paris to collaborate with Auguste Rodin and Jean Paul Lorenz. Kormendi first came to the United States in 1939 along with his wife, Elizabeth, to attend the New York World's fair.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TKPAGE

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugene Kormendi

description: Hungarian sculptor

wikidata_label: Eugene Kormendi

wikipedia_title: Eugene Kormendi


text:
House of Vasaborg
Gustaf Adolf of Vasaborg
Gustav of Vasaborg
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Geheimrat
Cologne
Gustav III of Sweden
Niedersachsen
ducat

paragraph: Henrietta Polyxena of Vasaborg

paragraph: Henrietta Polyxena of Vasaborg (1696-1777) was a Swedish countess. She was the last member of the House of Vasaborg

paragraph: Henrietta Polyxena was the daughter of count Gustaf Adolf of Vasaborg and Angelica Catharina von Leiningen-Westerburg, and the paternal granddaughter of Gustav of Vasaborg, illegitimate son of king Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. her family had been living in Germany since 1652.

paragraph: Henrietta never married, and became known for her love affairs. She was known to have been "involved in numerous love adventures, as young for her own account, as old on the account of others, by which she was eventually degraded to utter poverty and contempt".

paragraph: In 1776, the Geheimrat of Cologne, baron Münster, applied to Gustav III of Sweden on her behalf. By that time, she was living in deepest poverty in the village Huntlosen in Niedersachsen in Germany, blind, sick and destitute and on the charity of the poor villagers. Gustav III sent her a sum of 500 ducat, addressed her as cousin and gave her a pension. She died the following year.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henrietta Polyxena af Vasaborg i Wilhelmina Stålberg, Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor (1864)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vasaborg, 2. Anton Adolf i Nordisk familjebok (andra upplagan, 1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.mattiasloman.se/w/index.php?title=Af_Wasaborg_nr_6

paragraph: BULLET::::- Berättelser ur svenska historien / 6. Gustaf II Adolf

wikidata_label: Henrietta Polyxena of Vasaborg

wikipedia_title: Henrietta Polyxena of Vasaborg


text: professional baseball

text: catcher

text: LG Twins

text: Korea Baseball Organization

text: Korea Baseball Organization

categories: KBO League catchers,Hyundai Unicorns players,Baseball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics,LG Twins players,Nexen Heroes coaches,Kiwoom Heroes players,Samsung Lions players,Olympic baseball players of South Korea,Hanyang University alumni,SK Wyverns players,South Korean baseball players,Sportspeople from Seoul,Seoul High School alumni,KBO League Rookie of the Year Award winners,Gim clan of Gimhae,LG Twins coaches,1968 births,Living people

paragraph: Kim Dong-soo (baseball)

paragraph: Kim Dong-soo (born October 27, 1968) is a former professional baseball catcher and current manager of the futures (general 2nd) LG Twins of Korea Baseball Organization.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Career statistics and player information from Korea Baseball Organization

description: South Korean baseball player

wikidata_label: Kim Dong-soo (baseball)

wikipedia_title: Kim Dong-soo (baseball)


text: magnetism

text: superconductivity

text: Evergreen, Alabama

text: Tuskegee Institute

text: Atlanta University

text: Spelman College

text: Morehouse College

text: University of Chicago

text: Tuskegee Airmen

text: MIT

text: Radiation Laboratory

text: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

text: Lockheed Missiles and Space Co.

text: Howard University

text: Arthur H. Compton

text: quantum mechanics

text: Wolfgang Pauli

text: Robert A. Millikan

text: Enrico Fermi

text: American Physical Society

text: National Science Foundation

categories: Fellows of the American Physical Society,University of Chicago alumni,Tuskegee University faculty,20th-century American physicists,Tuskegee University alumni,1909 births,2001 deaths,People from Evergreen, Alabama,Morehouse College faculty,Spelman College faculty,African-American scientists,Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

paragraph: Warren Elliot Henry

paragraph: Dr. Warren Henry (February 18, 1909 – October 31, 2001) was an American physicist who made significant contributions to the advancement of science and technology and education, training and mentoring several generations of physicists. Nearly seven decades of work in the fields of magnetism and superconductivity have earned him praise as one of the most eminent African-American scientists in U.S. history.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Henry was born in Evergreen, Alabama in 1909. Dr. Henry attended Tuskegee Institute, as his parents had done. He majored in Mathematics, English, and French, and graduated in 1931 with a Bachelor of Science. Henry earned a Master of Science degree in organic chemistry from Atlanta University in 1937. While working towards his graduate degree Warren taught classes at Spelman College and Morehouse College. He received a Ph.D in Physical Chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Professional life.

paragraph: After graduating, Henry returned to Tuskegee Institute where he taught courses. Some of his students were the 99th Pursuit Squadron, part of the Tuskegee Airmen.

paragraph: In 1943–1946, Henry found a position at MIT's top-secret Radiation Laboratory where he made important contributions.

paragraph: Henry later worked as a physicist at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory from 1948–1960, as an engineer and scientist at Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. until 1969, then as a professor of physics at Howard University.

paragraph: Henry formally retired in 1977, but he continued to devote his time to research and encouraging and helping new generations of scientists achieve their full potential. He traveled worldwide giving talks and presentations and worked for years with the Minorities Access to Research Careers (MARC) program, established in 1975 by the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences.

paragraph: In an obituary written on November 10, 2001, the New York Times states "Dr. Henry studied under a number of Nobel Prize winners: Dr. Arthur H. Compton, the 1927 winner in physics, taught him quantum mechanics; Dr. Wolfgang Pauli, the 1945 winner, taught him the theory of nuclear forces; Dr. Robert A. Millikan, the 1923 winner, taught him molecular spectra. In addition, he played tennis with Dr. Enrico Fermi, a 1938 laureate."

paragraph: Henry wrote and published dozens of scientific articles.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognitions.

paragraph: Henry was a Fellow of the American Physical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award in the Community from the National Science Foundation, and the 1997 Technical Achiever Award of the Year from the national Technical Association.

description: American physicist

wikidata_label: Warren Elliot Henry

wikipedia_title: Warren Elliot Henry


text: Kazakhstan

text: 74 kg freestyle

text: 2014 World Wrestling Championships

text: 2015 Military World Games

text: 2016 Olympics

text: bronze medal match

text: Soner Demirtaş

categories: 1988 births,Kazakhstani male sport wrestlers,Wrestlers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Olympic wrestlers of Kazakhstan,Living people

paragraph: Galymzhan Usserbayev

paragraph: Galymzhan Usserbayev (born 19 December 1988) is a freestyle wrestler from Kazakhstan.

paragraph: Section::::2014 season.

paragraph: He competed at 74 kg freestyle at the 2014 World Wrestling Championships where he won his first match, but lost his second.

paragraph: Section::::2015 season.

paragraph: He won a bronze medal at the 2015 Military World Games.

paragraph: Section::::2016 season.

paragraph: He won the 74 kg freestyle competition at the 2016 Asian Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament to earn a birth at the 2016 Olympics. At the Olympics he lost a bronze medal match to Soner Demirtaş.

wikidata_label: Galymzhan Usserbayev

wikipedia_title: Galymzhan Usserbayev


text:
BMX rider
time trial event
2015 UCI BMX World Championships
Profile

categories: Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Olympic cyclists of New Zealand,1994 births,New Zealand male cyclists,BMX riders,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Trent Jones (BMX rider)

paragraph: Trent Jones (born ) is a New Zealand male BMX rider, representing his nation at international competitions. And also competed in the time trial event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at "sport-results.org"

wikidata_label: Trent Jones

wikipedia_title: Trent Jones (BMX rider)


text:
Sir Nicholas Harrington
northern
Hundred Years' War
Henry V
Prince of Wales
Battle of Agincourt
standard-bearer
knight of the Garter
siege of Rouen
Hornby, Lancashire
magnatial
Sir John Langton
jure uxoris
Hornby Castle
duke of Exeter
Thomas
ward
dower
Heysham
Tatham
sheriff of Yorkshire
duchy of Lancaster
Lancashire
Scots
James I
France
embassy
ransom

categories: High Sheriffs of Yorkshire,Knights of the Garter,1440 deaths

paragraph: William Harrington (knight)

paragraph: Sir William Harrington of Hornby (d. 1440), son of Sir Nicholas Harrington, was an early fifteenth-century English northern knight, fighting in the Hundred Years' War and serving the crown in the north of England.

paragraph: Section::::War in France.

paragraph: He served Henry V while the latter was Prince of Wales, and in 1415 fought at the Battle of Agincourt as the king's standard-bearer. He was elected a knight of the Garter two years later, and, acting again as standard-bearer at the siege of Rouen in 1419, he was badly wounded.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: At some point he is known to have married Margaret Neville of Hornby, Lancashire. This was not, however the principal branch of the magnatial Neville family, and his new wife was not initially an heiress. However, through the death of her niece and great-nephew, she became a co-heiress with Sir John Langton of the family estates, and Harrington, jure uxoris, eventually gained Hornby Castle in 1433. His marriage also gave him a connection to the duke of Exeter, husband of Margaret's niece. Around 1420 he married his heir Thomas to his newly acquired ward, Elizabeth Dacre, which brought him in (dower) Dacre's castles of Heysham and Tatham. He died in 1440.

paragraph: Section::::Royal service and offices.

paragraph: He was sheriff of Yorkshire four times from 1408, and was appointed to various royal offices in the duchy of Lancaster in Lancashire, including the important position of chief-steward of the north in 1428. In 1423, he had been part of a committee to negotiate with the Scots over the intended release of James I, who had been captured by the English on his way to France in 1408. Four years later, he led an embassy to James in an attempt to make him pay the balance of his ransom.

description: English knight, died 1440

wikidata_label: William Harrington

wikipedia_title: William Harrington (knight)


text:
BMX rider
Hindley
Greater Manchester
Great Britain
time trial event
2015 UCI BMX World Championships
2016 Summer Olympics
men's BMX race
Profile
Profile
British Cycling

categories: BMX riders,Sportspeople from Greater Manchester,Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,People from Hindley, Greater Manchester,Olympic cyclists of Great Britain,1993 births,British male cyclists,Living people

paragraph: Kyle Evans

paragraph: Kyle Evans (born ) is a British male BMX rider, of Hindley, Greater Manchester, representing Great Britain in international competitions. He competed in the time trial event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships.

paragraph: Evans was selected as part of the British cycling team for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, competing in the men's BMX race. After he grabbed a twenty-first seed on the opening round with a time of 35.776, Evans scored a total of 19 placing points to take the penultimate spot against seven other riders in his quarterfinal heat, thus eliminating him from the tournament.

paragraph: Made an appearance on ‘Question of Sport’ 14th November 2018

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Sports-result.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at British Cycling

wikidata_label: Kyle Evans

wikipedia_title: Kyle Evans


categories: Cyclists at the 2015 European Games,Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,European Games competitors for France,1995 births,French male cyclists,Olympic cyclists of France,BMX riders,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Amidou Mir

paragraph: Amidou Mir (born ) is a French male BMX rider, representing his nation at international competitions. He competed in the time trial event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: French bicycle racer

wikidata_label: Amidou Mir

wikipedia_title: Amidou Mir


text:
waka
Heian period
Ogura Hyakunin Isshu
Shingoshūi Wakashū
Senzai Wakashū
Shokugosen Wakashū
Gyokuyō Wakashū
Shinsenzai Wakashū
Shinchokusen Wakashū
E-text of her poems

categories: Japanese poets,Hyakunin Isshu poets,Year of death unknown,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Yūshi Naishinnō-ke no Kii

paragraph: Yūshi Naishinnō-ke no Kii (祐子内親王家紀伊, dates unknown) was a "waka" poet and Japanese noblewoman active in the Heian period. One of her poems is included in the "Ogura Hyakunin Isshu". She is traditionally enumerated as one of the Thirty-Six Female Immortals of Poetry . She is also known as Ichinomiya no Kii (一宮紀伊), and her works were featured in several imperial poetry anthologies, including "Shingoshūi Wakashū, Senzai Wakashū, Shokugosen Wakashū, Gyokuyō Wakashū, Shinsenzai Wakashū, Shinchokusen Wakashū", and others.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E-text of her poems in Japanese

alias:
Ichinomiya Kii
Ichinomiya no Kii
Lady Kii
Yushi Naishinno-ke no Kii
Yuushi Naishinnou-ke no Kii

description: female poet in the late-Heian period Japan

wikidata_label: Yūshi Naishinnō-ke no Kii

wikipedia_title: Yūshi Naishinnō-ke no Kii


categories: Place of birth missing (living people),Olympic cyclists of Russia,Cyclists at the 2015 European Games,1988 births,Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,European Games competitors for Russia,BMX riders,Russian male cyclists,Living people

paragraph: Evgeny Komarov

paragraph: Evgeny Komarov (born ) is a Russian male BMX rider, representing his nation at international competitions. He competed in the time trial event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

wikidata_label: Evgeny Komarov

wikipedia_title: Evgeny Komarov


text:
BMX rider
time trial event
2015 UCI BMX World Championships
2016 Summer Olympics
men's BMX race
Profile

categories: Cyclists at the 2015 Pan American Games,Olympic cyclists of Argentina,Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Argentine male cyclists,1995 births,South American Games bronze medalists for Argentina,South American Games medalists in cycling,Competitors at the 2014 South American Games,BMX riders,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Gonzalo Molina

paragraph: Gonzalo Molina (born ) is an Argentine male BMX rider, representing his nation in international competitions. He competed in the time trial event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships.

paragraph: Molina was selected as part of the British cycling team for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, competing in the men's BMX race. After he grabbed a twenty-eighth seed on the opening round with a time of 36.860 and then finished fourth in the quarterfinals, Molina scored a total of 16 placing points to take the sixth spot in his semifinal heat, thus missing out on a chance to compete for the medals at the final race.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

wikidata_label: Gonzalo Molina

wikipedia_title: Gonzalo Molina


text:
Umayyad
pretender
Abbasid Caliphate
Arabia
al-Mansur
al-Walid II
Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
al-Sufyani
Islamic Syria
Homs
messiah
Marwan II
Harran
Battle of the Zab
Abu al-Ward
Palmyra
Khorasan
Qinnasrin
Arabia
Uhud
al-Mansur
revolution
Shi'ite
Muhammad
Mu'awiya
Ali
Islamic Antichrist
Mahdi
Henri Lammens
Wilferd Madelung

wikipedia_title:
Umayyad Caliphate
Pretender
Abbasid Caliphate
Hejaz
Al-Mansur
Al-Walid II
Muawiyah I
Sufyani
Bilad al-Sham
Homs
Messiah
Marwan II
Harran
Battle of the Zab
Abu al-Ward
Palmyra
Greater Khorasan
Qinnasrin
Hejaz
Mount Uhud
Al-Mansur
Abbasid Revolution
Shia Islam
Muhammad
Muawiyah I
Ali
Al-Masih ad-Dajjal
Mahdi
Henri Lammens
Wilferd Madelung

categories: Syria under the Abbasid Caliphate,Umayyad dynasty,750s conflicts,Rebellions against the Abbasid Caliphate,8th-century deaths

paragraph: Abu Muhammad al-Sufyani

paragraph: Ziyad ibn Abdallah ibn Yazid ibn Mu'awiya, commonly known as Abu Muhammad al-Sufyani, was an Umayyad nobleman and a pretender to the Umayyad Caliphate, which had been overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate in early 750. Abu Muhammad led a revolt against the Abbasids, but his forces were defeated and he fled to Arabia, where he was killed in the early part of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur's reign.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Origins.

paragraph: Abu Muhammad was a member of the Umayyad family, related to Caliph al-Walid II ( 743–744) through the latter's grandmother. He adopted the name "al-Sufyani" as both a reference to his descent from Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan and a claim to being the early Islamic messianic figure, al-Sufyani. Abu Muhammad's messianic claim was embraced by many in Islamic Syria, particularly the people of Homs, who believed him to be a messiah-like figure who would destroy the rising Abbasid Caliphate. Umayyad Caliph Marwan II (r. 744–750) had Abu Muhammad imprisoned in Harran for much of the second half of his reign. Abu Muhammad did not escape his incarceration when other inmates broke out; those inmates who did were caught and killed by Harran's inhabitants. Marwan released Abu Muhammad after his defeat by the Abbasids at the Battle of the Zab in January 750.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Revolt.

paragraph: Later in 750, the Qaysi general, Abu al-Ward, launched a revolt to defeat the Abbasids, rallying his kinsmen and other Qaysis and disavowing his allegiance to the Abbasid governor of Syria, Abdullah ibn Ali. Abu Muhammad joined the revolt as a leader of the Yamani tribal confederation of Homs and Palmyra. Abu Muhammad assumed political leadership of the revolt and issued a claim to leadership of the Umayyad Caliphate, reaching out for support from other Umayyad nobles. Abu al-Ward, meanwhile, served as the revolt's military commander. Although the intent of the revolt was to combat the Abbasids, particularly their Khorasani soldiers, it became a joint Qaysi–Yamani effort to gain control of the Umayyad Caliphate.

paragraph: Despite an initial victory against the Abbasids led by Abd al-Samad ibn Ali at Qinnasrin, Abu Muhammad's forces were defeated near Homs. In the latter battle, Abu al-Ward and many of his kinsmen and Qaysi soldiers were killed, while Abu Muhammad fled to the desert town of Palmyra. The Abbasid commander Bassam ibn Ibrahim attempted and failed to capture Palmyra, but Abu Muhammad fled again, this time heading for Arabia. There, he found a safe haven near Uhud. Abu Muhammad and his family remained in Arabia until they were tracked down and killed during Caliph al-Mansur's reign (r. 754–775). Abu Muhammad's revolt, although short-lived, was the most significant threat the Abbasids faced in the period immediately following their successful revolution against the Umayyads. The revolt motivated the Abbasids to track down and eliminate other remnants of the Umayyad dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::"Sufyani".

paragraph: The origin, role and identity of the "Sufyani" in Islamic tradition and Abu Muhammad's place in it is much debated. In the local Syrian context, the "Sufyani" was seen as a deliverer who would herald a golden age. But in Shi'ite tradition, due to his descent from Abu Sufyan—originally an opponent of Muhammad and the father of Mu'awiya, who was responsible for the downfall of Ali—he was an anti-Muslim figure, a sort of Islamic Antichrist and the opponent of the "Mahdi". Scholars have debated the roots of this figure, with some claiming the existence of the legend already during Umayyad times. Henri Lammens suggested that Abu Muhammad was the origin of the legend, and that Syrians believed that after his execution he went into hiding—much like the Shi'ite "Mahdi"—and would reappear. Wilferd Madelung championed the view that the "Sufyani" was from the beginning an anti-"Mahdi" figure, and that he only acquired positive connotations in Syria at a later date. Several later rebels in Syria, from Abu Harb al-Mubarqa in the 840s all the way up to the 15th century, claimed the mantle of the "Sufyani".

wikidata_label: Abu Muhammad al-Sufyani

wikipedia_title: Abu Muhammad al-Sufyani


text:
Italian
Baroque
Florence
Pietro Tacca
Philip IV of Spain
Prato

wikipedia_title:
Italians
Baroque
Florence
Pietro Tacca
Philip IV of Spain
Prato

categories: 17th-century Italian sculptors,1619 births,People from Florence,1686 deaths,Italian male sculptors

paragraph: Ferdinando Tacca

paragraph: Ferdinando Tacca (1619–1686) was an Italian sculptor and architect, active during the Baroque period in Florence.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was the son of Pietro Tacca, a sculptor active for the Medici in Florence. After Pietro's death in 1640, Ferdinado inherited his studio and bronze foundry in Borgo Pinti, where he produced both large equestrian monuments, statuary, and smaller-scale works for both local and foreign patrons.

paragraph: He helped complete in 1640 the bronze "Equestrian Statue of King Philip IV of Spain" in Madrid.

paragraph: He created the Crucifix for the Cathedral of Prato and the "Fontana di Bacchino", located in the city’s main piazza. The fountain (1659-1665) depicts young Bacchus in bronze sitting around bunches of grapes.

paragraph: After 1650, Tacca also became a prominent stage designer and engineer. After 1656, Ferdinando was appointed engineer of the Medici buildings and fortifications.

paragraph: He designed the "Teatro Della Pergola", built in 1656, commissioned by Cardinal Giovanni Carlo de' Medici.

description: Italian sculptor

wikidata_label: Ferdinando Tacca

wikipedia_title: Ferdinando Tacca


text:
pharaoh
Twentieth Dynasty
New Kingdom
Ancient Egypt
Ramesses III
lintel
Tyti
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
Iset Ta-Hemdjert
Ramesses VIII
QV52
Tyti
plot
Tiye
Pentawer
Ramesses II
Deir el-Medina
Wadi Hammamat
Sinai
stela
Apiru
Ramessesnakht
Aswan
Temple of Khonsu
Karnak
Temple of Hatshepsut
Serabit el-Khadim
Heliopolis
Papyrus Harris I
Egypt
Turin papyrus
geologic map
Osiris
stela
Abydos
KV2
Valley of the Kings
KV35
Duatentopet
QV74
Ramesses V
Valley of the Queens
QV55
List of megalithic sites

categories: 12th-century BC rulers,Pharaohs of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt,Ancient Egyptian mummies,12th-century BC Pharaohs,Ramesses IV,12th century BC in Egypt

paragraph: Ramesses IV

paragraph: Heqamaatre Ramesses IV (also written Ramses or Rameses) was the third pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. His name prior to assuming the crown was Amonhirkhopshef. He was the fifth son of Ramesses III and was appointed to the position of crown prince by the twenty-second year of his father's reign when all four of his elder brothers predeceased him. His promotion to crown prince:

paragraph: is suggested by his appearance (suitably entitled) in a scene of the festival of Min at the Ramesses III temple at Karnak, which may have been completed by Year 22 [of his father's reign]. (the date is mentioned in the poem inscribed there)

paragraph: As his father's chosen successor, the Prince employed three distinctive titles: "Hereditary Prince", "Royal scribe" and "Generalissimo"; the latter two of his titles are mentioned in a text at Amenhotep III's temple at Soleb and all three royal titles appear on a lintel now in Florence, Italy. As heir-apparent he took on increasing responsibilities; for instance, in Year 27 of his father's reign, he is depicted appointing a certain Amenemope to the important position of Third Prophet of Amun in the latter's TT 148 tomb. Amenemope's Theban tomb also accords prince Ramesses all three of his aforementioned sets of royal titles. Due to the three decade long rule of Ramesses III, Ramesses IV is believed to have been a man in his forties when he took the throne. His rule has been dated to either 1151 to 1145 BC or 1155 to 1149 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: It is now believed that Ramesses IV's mother was most likely Queen Tyti from recently discovered notes published in the 2010 issue of the "Journal of Egyptian Archaeology". They reveal that Tyti—who was a king's daughter, a king's wife and a king's mother in her own right—was identified in Papyrus BM EA 10052 (i.e., the tomb-robbery papyri) to be a queen of Ramesses III, Ramesses IV's father. The 2010 JEA article authors—including Aidan Dodson—write that since Ramesses VI's mother is known to be a certain lady named Iset Ta-Hemdjert or Isis:

paragraph: only Ramesses IV and Ramesses VIII remain as candidates [for the son of Tyti]. Given that Ramesses VIII only reigned briefly some 25 years after his father’s death, it is hardly likely that the decoration of QV52, with the "mwt-nsw" (i.e., king's mother) title intimately mixed with Tyti’s other titles, could have been delayed this late to refer to him. This leaves Ramesses IV as the only credible primary 'subject' of the "mwt-nsw" title in the tomb. As for which--if any--of the other sons of Ramesses III were borne to Tyti, no unequivocal data is available, other than the fact that Amenhirkhopeshef B, buried in QV55, was "ms n Hmt-nTr mwt-nTr Hmt-nsw-wrt", paralleling Tyti's titles so closely that he may with some confidence be proposed as her son.

paragraph: Thus, the identity of Ramesses IV's mother has been resolved in favour of Queen Tyti who was once erroneously thought to be the mother of another king in the mid-1980s: Ramesses XI. Ramesses IV was succeeded to the throne by his son Ramesses V.

paragraph: Section::::Projects.

paragraph: Ramesses came to the throne in difficult circumstances. A plot by one of his father's secondary wives, Tiye, to establish her own son, Pentawer, on the throne led to an assassination attempt on Ramesses III. The king was badly wounded, and died soon after. Ramesses IV, however, was able to secure himself on the throne, and had the conspirators arrested and executed.

paragraph: At the start of his reign, the pharaoh initiated a substantial building program on the scale of Ramesses II by doubling the size of the work gangs at Deir el-Medina to a total of 120 men and dispatching numerous expeditions to the stone quarries of Wadi Hammamat and the turquoise mines of the Sinai. The Great Rock stela of Ramesses IV at Wadi Hammamat records that the largest expedition—dated to his Year 3, third month of Shemu day 27—consisted of 8,368 men alone including 5,000 soldiers, 2,000 personnel of the Amun temples, 800 Apiru and 130 stonemasons and quarrymen under the personal command of the High Priest of Amun, Ramessesnakht. The scribes who composed the text also noted that this figure included 900 men ""who are dead and omitted from this list."" Consequently, once this omitted figure is included to the tally of 8,368 men who served in the Year 3 quarry expedition, a total of 900 men out of an original expedition of 8,368 men perished during this endeavour for a mortality rate of 10.7%. Some of the stones which were dragged 60 miles to the Nile from Wadi Hammamat weighed 40 tons or more. Other Egyptian quarries including Aswan were located much closer to the Nile which enabled them to use barges to transport stones long distances.

paragraph: Part of the king's program included the extensive enlargement of his father's Temple of Khonsu at Karnak and the construction of a large mortuary temple near the Temple of Hatshepsut. Ramesses IV also sent several expeditions to the turquoise mines in the Sinai; a total of four expeditions are known prior to his fourth year. The Serabit el-Khadim stela of the Royal Butler Sobekhotep states: "Year 3, third month of Shemu. His Majesty sent his favoured and beloved one, the confident of his lord, the Overseer of the Treasury of Silver and Gold, Chief of the Secrets of the august Palace, Sobekhotep, justified, to bring for him all that his heart desired of turquoise (on) "his fourth expedition"." This expedition dates to either Ramesses III or IV's reign since Sobekhotep is attested in office until at least the reign of Ramesses V. Ramesses IV's final venture to the turquoise mines of the Sinai is documented by the stela of a senior army scribe named Panufer. Panufer states that this expedition's mission was both to procure turquoise and to establish a cult chapel of king Ramesses IV at the Hathor temple of Serabit el-Khadim. The stela reads:

paragraph: Year 5, second month of Shomu [i.e., summer]. The sending by His Majesty to build the Mansion of Millions of Years of Ramesses IV in the temple of Hathor, Lady of Turquoise, by Panefer, the Scribe of the Commands of the Army, son of Pairy, justified.

paragraph: While little is known regarding the route that the mining missions took from Egypt to Serabit el-Khadim, AJ Peden, who wrote a biography of Ramesses IV in 1994, states that there were "two obvious routes" to reach this site:

paragraph: The first was a straightforward march from a Delta base, such as Memphis, east south-east and then south into Sinai. Surviving a march in this inhospitable land would have presented formidable logistical obstacles, perhaps forcing an alternative route to be adopted. This would involve a departure from the Delta to a site near the modern port of Suez. From here they could have proceeded by boat to the ports of Abu Zenima or El-Markha on the west coast of the Sinai peninsula and from there it is a short journey inland of only a day or two to the actual site of Serabit el-Khadim.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: Ramesses IV is attested by his aforementioned building activity at Wadi Hammamat and Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai as well as several papyri and even one obelisk. The creation of a royal cult in the Temple of Hathor is known under his reign at Serabit el-Khadim while Papyrus Mallet (or P. Louvre 1050) dates to Years 3 and 4 of his reign. Papyrus Mallet is a six column text dealing partly with agricultural affairs; its first column lists the prices for various commodities between Year 31 of Ramesses III until Year 3 of Ramesses IV. The final four columns contain a memorandum of 2 letters composed by the Superintendent of Cattle of the Estate of Amen-Re, Bakenkhons, to several mid-level administrators and their subordinates. Meanwhile, surviving monuments of Ramesses IV in the Delta consists of an obelisk recovered in Cairo and a pair of his cartouches found on a pylon gateway both originally from Heliopolis.

paragraph: The most important document to survive from this pharaoh's rule is Papyrus Harris I, which honours the life of his father, Ramesses III, by listing the latter's many accomplishments and gifts to the temples of Egypt, and the Turin papyrus, the earliest known geologic map. Ramesses IV was perhaps the last New Kingdom king to engage in large-scale monumental building after his father as ""there was a marked decline in temple building even during the longer reigns of Ramesses IX and VI. The only apparent exception was the attempt of Ramesses V and VI to continue the vast and uncompleted mortuary temple of Ramesses IV at the Assasif.""

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Despite Ramesses IV's many endeavours for the gods and his prayer to Osiris—preserved on a Year 4 stela at Abydos—that "thou shalt give me the great age with a long reign [as my predecessor]", the king did not live long enough to accomplish his ambitious goals.

paragraph: After a short reign of about six and a half years, Ramesses IV died and was buried in tomb KV2 in the Valley of the Kings. His mummy was found in the royal cache of Amenhotep II's tomb KV35 in 1898. His chief wife is Queen Duatentopet or Tentopet or Male who was buried in QV74. His son, Ramesses V, would succeed him to the throne.

paragraph: Originally, Ramesses IV had a tomb built for him in the Valley of the Queens, QV55.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gabriella Dembitz, Les inscriptions de Ramsès IV de l'allée processionnelle nord-sud à Karnak révisées. Karnak Varia (§6), in: Cahiers de Karnak 16 (2017), 167-178.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David F. Wieczorek, A Rock Inscription of Ramesses IV at Gebelein, a previously unknown New Kingdom expedition, in: Études et Travaux XXVIII (2015), 217-229.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of megalithic sites

alias: Ramses Rameses

wikidata_label: Ramesses IV

wikipedia_title: Ramesses IV


text:
Gerhard Henning
Royal Danish Porcelain Factory
Rörstrand Porcelain Factory
George Oakley Totten, Jr.
Corcoran Gallery of Art
National Association of Women Artists
Charles Lindbergh
Waterbury, Connecticut
U.S. post offices
W.P.A.
plaster of Paris
Spencer, West Virginia
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Nationalmuseum
Stockholm, Sweden

categories: Swedish emigrants to the United States,National Association of Women Artists members,1886 births,20th-century sculptors,Swedish illustrators,Swedish women sculptors,20th-century American women artists,1950 deaths

paragraph: Vicken von Post Totten

paragraph: Hedvig Erika ("Vicken") von Post Börjeson Totten (March 12, 1886 – June 21, 1950) was a Swedish ceramicist, sculptor, painter, and illustrator.

paragraph: She studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts with Gerhard Henning, known for his pieces produced by the Royal Danish Porcelain Factory. She also studied in Paris.

paragraph: She illustrated the first edition of Laura Fitinghoff's children's book "The Kids from Frostmofjället" (1907). She worked for the Rörstrand Porcelain Factory from the summer of 1915 to 1921, where she modelled approximately thirty figurines that were put into production.

paragraph: She married sculptor Börje Börjeson in 1915, and separated from him in 1920. In 1921, she traveled to the United States to participate in a Washington, D.C. exhibition,

paragraph: met and married architect George Oakley Totten, Jr.

paragraph: Post Totten opened and operated an art school in Washington D.C. from 1921 to 1941. She had an acclaimed exhibition at The Corcoran Gallery of Art in 1934. She was a member of the National Association of Women Artists.

paragraph: Notable works include "Symbol of Flight" (1927), a bronze sculpture that was presented by the women of Washington, D.C. to Charles Lindbergh; and eleven limestone bas-relief panels depicting the history of transportation (1932) modeled for the façade of the main post office in Waterbury, Connecticut, a building designed by her husband.

paragraph: Several U.S. post offices contain W.P.A. art by Post Totten. Her plaster of Paris mural, "Pastoral of Spencer," was installed in the Spencer, West Virginia Post Office in 1938.

paragraph: Works by her are in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, Sweden, and other museums.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leila Mechlin, "Sculpture in Porcelain," "The American Magazine of Art", vol. 12, no. 9 (September 1921), pp. 318–19.

description: Swedish sculptor and illustrator

wikidata_label: Vicken von Post-Börjesson

wikipedia_title: Vicken von Post Totten


text:
Edward I
Confirmatio Cartarum
Welsh Wars
earl of Gloucester
Barons' War
Humphrey (IV)
Hereford
Essex
Welsh Marches
Eleanor de Braose
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
Wales
Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk
Magna Carta
Falkirk Campaign
Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford
Norman Conquest
Humphrey (IV) de Bohun
Simon de Montfort
Battle of Lewes
Battle of Evesham
Barons' War
Beeston Castle
Hereford
Essex
Constable of England
honour
Pleshey
Essex
Wiltshire
Welsh Marches
Eleanor
William de Braose
Eva Marshal
William Marshal
Henry III
Brecon
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford
Welsh
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
Sir Gilbert de Bohun
Edward I
Treaty of Montgomery
Santiago de Compostela
punitive campaign
feudal
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester
hundred
Iscennen
Carmarthenshire
John Giffard
Morlais
marks
liberty
Glamorgan
forfeit
royal prerogative
Aquitaine
Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk
Flanders
Gascony
Brabant
Arundel
Warwick
Robert Winchelsey
Archbishop of Canterbury
cleric
Remonstrances
Battle of Stirling Bridge
William Wallace
Magna Carta
Confirmatio Cartarum
Battle of Falkirk
Maud de Fiennes
Walden Priory
Pleshey Castle
Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford

categories: Earls of Essex (1239),Earls of Hereford (1199),1298 deaths,13th-century English people,1249 births,13th-century English Navy personnel,Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports,Lord High Constables

paragraph: Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford

paragraph: Humphrey (VI) de Bohun (c. 1249 – 31 December 1298), 3rd Earl of Hereford and 2nd Earl of Essex, was an English nobleman known primarily for his opposition to King Edward I over the "Confirmatio Cartarum." He was also an active participant in the Welsh Wars and maintained for several years a private feud with the earl of Gloucester. His father, Humphrey (V) de Bohun, fought on the side of the rebellious barons in the Barons' War. When Humphrey (V) predeceased his father, Humphrey (VI) became heir to his grandfather, Humphrey (IV). At Humphrey (IV)'s death in 1275, Humphrey (VI) inherited the earldoms of Hereford and Essex. He also inherited major possessions in the Welsh Marches from his mother, Eleanor de Braose.

paragraph: Bohun's spent most of his early career reconquering Marcher lands captured by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd during the Welsh war in England. This was finally accomplished through Edward I's war in Wales in 1277. Hereford also fought in Wales in 1282–83 and 1294–95. At the same time he also had private feuds with other Marcher lords, and his conflict with Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, eventually ended with the personal intervention of King Edward himself. Hereford's final years were marked by the opposition he and Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, mounted against the military and fiscal policy of Edward I. The conflict escalated to a point where civil war threatened, but was resolved when the war effort turned towards Scotland. The king signed the "Confirmatio Cartarum"a confirmation of Magna Cartaand Bohun and Bigod agreed to serve on the Falkirk Campaign. Bohun died in 1298, and was succeeded by his son, Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford.

paragraph: Section::::Family background and inheritance.

paragraph: Humphrey (VI) de Bohun was part of a line of Anglo-Norman aristocrats going back to the Norman Conquest, most of whom carried the same name. His grandfather was Humphrey (IV) de Bohun, who had been part of the baronial opposition of Simon de Montfort, but later gone over to the royal side. He was taken prisoner at the Battle of Lewes in May 1264, but was restored to favour after the royalist victory at the Battle of Evesham the next year. Humphrey (IV)'s son, Humphrey (V) de Bohun, remained loyal to the baronial side throughout the Barons' War, and was captured at Evesham on 4 August 1265. In October that year Humphrey (V) died in captivity at Beeston Castle in Cheshire from injuries he had sustained in the battle.

paragraph: Humphrey (V) had been excluded from succession as a result of his rebellion, but when Humphrey (IV) died in 1275, Humphrey (VI) inherited the earldoms of Hereford and Essex. Humphrey (VI) had already served as deputy Constable of England under Humphrey (IV). Humphrey (IV) had reserved the honour of Pleshey for his younger son Henry, but the remainder of his lands went to Humphrey (VI). The inheritance Humphrey (VI) receivedin addition to land in Essex and Wiltshire from Humphrey (IV)also consisted of significant holdings in the Welsh Marches from his mother. His mother Eleanor was a daughter and coheir of William de Braose and his wife Eva Marshal, who in turn was the daughter and coheir of William Marshal, regent to Henry III.

paragraph: Since Humphrey (VI) was only sixteen years old at the time of his father's death, the Braose lands were taken into the king's custody until 1270. Part of this inheritance, the Marcher lordship of Brecon, was in the meanwhile given to the custody of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford. Humphrey technically regained his lordship from Clare in 1270, but by this time these lands had effectively been taken over by the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who had taken advantage of the previous decade's political chaos in England to extend his territory into the Marches.

paragraph: He granted his brother Sir Gilbert de Bohun all of their mother's lands in Ireland and some land in England and Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Welsh Wars.

paragraph: Over the next years, much of Hereford's focus was on reconquering his lost lands in the Marches, primarily through private warfare against Llywelyn. Henry III died in 1272, while his sonnow Edward Iwas crusading; Edward did not return until 1274. Llywelyn refused to pay homage to the new king, partly because of the military actions of Bohun and other Marcher lords, which Llywelyn saw as violations of the Treaty of Montgomery. On 12 November 1276, Hereford was present at a royal assembly where judgment was passed on Llewelyn, and in 1277, Edward I declared war on the Welsh prince. Rebellion in his own Brecon lands delayed Hereford's participation in the early days of the Welsh war. He managed, however, to both suppress the rebellion, and conquer lands further west. He then joined up with the royal army and served for a while in Anglesey, before returning to Brecon, where he received the surrender of certain Welsh lords. After the campaign was over, on 2 January 1278, he received protection from King Edward to go on pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in Spain.

paragraph: In 1282, war with Wales broke out again; this time it would not be simply a punitive campaign, but a full-scale war of conquest. Initially, the king wanted to fight the war with paid forces, but the nobility insisted on the use of the feudal summons. To men like Hereford, this was preferable, because as part of a feudal army the participants would have both a stake in the war and a justifiable claim on conquered land. In the end, although the earls won, none of them were paid for the war effort. Hereford jealously guarded his authority as hereditary Constable of England, and protested vigorously when the Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester was appointed commander of the forces in South Wales. In the post war settlement, however, neither Hereford nor Gloucester received any significant rewards of land, the way several other magnates did. Hereford fought again in Wales, in the suppression of the rebellion of 1294–95, when he again had to pacify the territory of Brecon before joining the king in the north.

paragraph: Section::::Private war in the Marches.

paragraph: Parallel with the Welsh Wars, Hereford was also struggling to assert his claims to lands in the Marches against other Marcher lords. In 1284 Edward I granted the hundred of Iscennen in Carmarthenshire to John Giffard. Hereford believed the land belonged to him by right of conquest, and started a campaign to win the lands back, but the king took Giffard's side. Problems also arose with the earl of Gloucester. As Gloucester's former ward, Hereford had to buy back his own right of marriage, but Gloucester claimed he had not received the full sum. There was also remaining resentment on Hereford's part for his subordination to Gloucester in the 1282–83 campaign. The conflict came to a head when Gloucester's started construction of a castle at Morlais, which Hereford claimed was his land. In 1286, the Crown ordered Gloucester to cease, but to no avail.

paragraph: It had long been established Marcher custom to solve conflicts through private warfare. Hereford's problem, however, was his relative weakness in the Marches, and now he was facing open conflict with two different enemies. He therefore decided to take the issue to the king instead, in a break with tradition. King Edward again ordered Gloucester to stop, but the earl ignored the order and initiated raids on Hereford's lands. Hostilities continued and Hereford responded, until both earls were arrested and brought before the king. The real offense was not the private warfare in itself, but the fact that the earls had not respected the king's injunction to cease. In the parliament of January 1292, Gloucester was fined 10,000 marks and Hereford 1,000. Gloucester's liberty of Glamorgan was declared forfeit, and confiscated by the crown, as was Hereford's of Brecon.

paragraph: In the end the fines were never paid, and the lands were soon restored. Edward had nevertheless demonstrated an important point. After the conquest of Wales, the strategic position of the Marcher lordships was less vital to the English crown, and the liberty awarded to the Marcher lords could be curtailed. For Edward this was therefore a good opportunity to assert the royal prerogative, and to demonstrate that it extended also into the Marches of Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Opposition to Edward I.

paragraph: In 1294 the French king declared the English duchy of Aquitaine forfeit, and war broke out between the two countries. Edward I embarked on a wide-scale and costly project of building alliances with other princes on the Continent, and preparing an invasion. When the king, at the parliament of March 1297 in Salisbury, demanded military service from his earls, Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, refused in his capacity of marshal of England. The argument was that the king's subjects were not obliged to serve abroad if not in the company of the king, but Edward insisted on taking his army to Flanders while sending his earls to Gascony.

paragraph: At the time of the Salisbury parliament, Hereford was accompanying two of the king's daughters to Brabant, and could not be present. On his return, however, as Constable of England, he joined Bigod in July in refusing to perform feudal service. The two earls were joined in their opposition by the earls of Arundel and Warwick. The main reasons for the magnates' defiance was the heavy burden of taxation caused by Edward's continuous warfare in Wales, France and Scotland. In this they were also joined by Robert Winchelsey, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who was in the midst of an ongoing dispute with the king over clerical taxation. At one point Bohun and Bigod turned up in person at the Exchequer to protest a tax they claimed did not have the consent of the community of the realm. For Hereford there was also a personal element in the opposition to the king, after the humiliation and the affront to his liberties he had suffered over the dispute in the Marches. At a meeting just outside London, Bohun gave an impassioned speech objecting to the king's abuse of power and demanding the restoration of ancient liberties. The grievances were summarised in a document known as the Remonstrances.

paragraph: Neither party showed any inclination to back down, and the nation seemed on the brink of another civil war. Just as the conflict was coming to a head, however, external events intervened to settle it. In September 1297, the English suffered a heavy defeat to the Scots at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. The Scottish victory exposed the north of England to Scottish raids led by William Wallace. The war with Scotland received wider support from the English magnates, now that their own homeland was threatened, than did the war in France to protect the king's continental possessions. Edward abandoned his campaign in France and negotiated a truce with the French king. He agreed to confirm Magna Carta in the so-called "Confirmatio Cartarum" (Confirmation of the Charters). The earls consequently consented to serve with the king in Scotland, and Hereford was in the army that won a decisive victory over the Scots in the Battle of Falkirk in 1298. Hereford, not satisfied that the king had upheld the charter, withdrew after the battle, forcing Edward to abandon the campaign.

paragraph: Section::::Death and family.

paragraph: In 1275 Bohun married Maud de Fiennes, daughter of Enguerrand de Fiennes, chevalier, seigneur of Fiennes, by his 2nd wife, Isabel (kinswoman of Queen Eleanor of Provence). She predeceased him, and was buried at Walden Priory in Essex. Hereford himself died at Pleshey Castle on 31 December 1298, and was buried at Walden alongside his wife. They had one son Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, born around 1276. The son was given possession of his father's lands and titles on 16 February 1299. The young Humphrey also inherited his father's title of Constable of England.

paragraph: A common theme in Humphrey de Bohun's actions was his fierce protection of what he regarded as his feudal privileges. His career was marked by turbulence and political strife, particularly in the Marches of Wales, but eventually he left a legacy of consolidated possessions there. In 1297, at the height of the conflict between Edward I and rebellious barons, the king had actively tried to undermine Hereford's authority in the Marches, but failed due to the good relations the earl enjoyed with the local men.

description: English nobleman

wikidata_label: Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford

wikipedia_title: Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford


text:
stage name
Rochester, New York
piano
guitar
bass guitar
drum
Janet Jackson
Tina Turner
Aretha Franklin
Whitney Houston
School of the Arts
Panama City, Florida
Devante Swing
Swing Mob
Timbaland
Magoo
Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott
Playa
Ginuwine
Miss E... So Addictive
Welcome to Our World
Ja Rule
Pain Is Love
Bubba Sparxxx
Dark Days, Bright Nights
Petey Pablo
Indecent Proposal
Oops (Oh My)
Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs
"Billboard" Hot 100
Fabolous
Southern Hummingbird
Bilal
Ms. Jade
Call Me
Smoking Cigarettes
Little X
"Billboard" 200
Trina
Diamond Princess
Meshell Ndegeocello
Karen Clark Sheard
Soul Train Lady of Soul
Lil' Kim
DMX
Toni Braxton
Queen Latifah
Ananda Lewis
Playa
Jamie Foxx
Lil' Mo
AJ
Free
Aaliyah
Madonna
American Life
Monica
After the Storm
Mark Ronson
Here Comes the Fuzz
Angie Stone
Stone Love
Grammy Award
Honey
music video
Billie Woodruff
Jessica Alba
Mekhi Phifer
Lil' Romeo
Joy Bryant
Where Could He Be
Atlantic Records
Cee-Lo Green
Teedra Moses
Turn da Lights Off
Kwamé
Marvin Gaye
Nat King Cole
It's Me Again
Kwamé
Rell
Kojak
Ving Rhames
Mathew Knowles
Music World
Destiny's Child
Beyoncé Knowles
Michelle Williams
Kelly Rowland
Solange Knowles
Sunshine Anderson
Boogie 2nite
Southern Hummingbird
Booty Luv
Big Brovaz
UK Singles Chart
Timbaland
Eve
Keyshia Cole
Nelly Furtado
Fat Man Scoop
Ciara
Missy Elliott
Missy Elliott
Goldmind Inc. camp
Jheryl Busby
Mike City
Nisan Stewart
Warryn Campbell
T.I.
Bilal
Dwele
Joy Denalane
The Dresden Soul Symphony
Dresden
The Dresden Soul Symphony
MC Lyte
It's Me Again
SoundCloud
Simply Tweet
extended play
Independent Albums
Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums
eOne Music
Missy Elliott
Billboard
Timbaland
Jamal Bryant
Southern Hummingbird
It's Me Again
Charlene
Honey
The Dresden Soul Symphony
Verizon Wireless
Call Me
Citizen Watches
Gap
Peter Lindbergh
I'll Take You There
Taryn Manning
Pantene Pro-Voice
Mýa
Vanessa Carlton
Lucy Woodward

categories: African-American singer-songwriters,Neo soul singers,Atlantic Records artists,American female guitarists,20th-century American singers,American soul guitarists,Guitarists from New York (state),21st-century American singers,21st-century American women singers,American contemporary R&B singers,20th-century American women singers,Songwriters from New York (state),Elektra Records artists,EOne Music artists,African-American female singer-songwriters,African-American guitarists,1971 births,Living people,American rhythm and blues guitarists,Swing Mob artists,American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters,Singers from New York (state),American soul singers,Musicians from Rochester, New York,American female singer-songwriters

paragraph: Tweet (singer)

paragraph: Charlene Keys (born January 21, 1971), better known by the stage name Tweet, is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: The youngest child of Tom and Shirley Keys, Tweet was born in Rochester, New York on January 21, 1971 and grew up singing in the church alongside her parents and her four older siblings (three brothers, Tom, Cedric and Lonnie, and one sister, Sundra). Among them, the five children mastered instruments such as the piano, guitar, bass guitar, drums, and many more.

paragraph: As a young girl, Tweet was inspired not only by her family, but also by larger-than-life divas like Janet Jackson, Tina Turner, Aretha Franklin, and Whitney Houston (whom she later worked with). Tweet's first steps into a career in the music industry first began when she enrolled in Rochester's School of the Arts. In 1990, at the age of 18, Tweet gave birth to her daughter, Tashawna. She is a gospel singer.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Swing Mob/Sugah.

paragraph: In the early nineties, Tweet joined the female trio Sugah, leaving her daughter with her parents in Panama City, Florida, while Tweet relocated to many places. Sugah was composed of Tweet, Susan Weems, and Rolita White, and was a part of Devante Swing's Swing Mob collective. While there, she met Timbaland, Magoo, Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott (who at the time was a part of Sista), Playa, Ginuwine, and Renee Anderson who were also all a part of the Swing Mob collective. During her time with Sugah, Tweet formed a close friendship with Elliott.

paragraph: Around 1999 with Sugah going nowhere, no album to show, and many broken promises, Tweet returned to her parents' home in Panama City penniless and depressed. After Tweet fell into a deeper depression after a string of bad relationships and a number of jobs she had suicidal thoughts, but she received a phone call from Elliott, calling to ask if Tweet would contribute background vocals on her then-latest album "Miss E... So Addictive". Tweet felt she could tell Elliott about her situation and what she was going through. To this day she calls Elliott her "Guardian Angel".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Before "Southern Hummingbird".

paragraph: In 2000, Tweet began recording vocals for Elliott's album and was also reunited with her old friends from the Swing Mob days, Timbaland, Magoo, Playa, and Ginuwine. She also recorded vocals for Timbaland and Magoo's follow-up to their platinum-selling 1997 debut album, "Welcome to Our World", and Timbaland's solo album, "". In 2001, Elliott released her platinum-selling third album, "Miss E... So Addictive", with Tweet contributing vocals to five tracks. 2001 also saw the release of Ja Rule's "Pain Is Love", Bubba Sparxxx's "Dark Days, Bright Nights", Petey Pablo's "", and Timbaland and Magoo's "Indecent Proposal", on all of which Tweet contributed vocals.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2002–04: "Southern Hummingbird".

paragraph: In March 2002, Tweet entered the charts with her debut solo single, "Oops (Oh My)", a risqué song about self-loving and appreciation. The song was produced by Timbaland and featured guest vocals by Missy Elliott. The single hit number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number seven on the "Billboard" Hot 100, with the help of a remix featuring Fabolous.

paragraph: In April 2002, Tweet released her debut album "Southern Hummingbird" to mostly strong reviews. The album featured production by Craig Brockman, Nisan Stewart, guitarist John "Jubu" Smith, Timbaland (who contributed four tracks) and Tweet herself. It also featured guest vocals by Elliott on "Oops (Oh My)", Bilal on "Best Friend", and BeatClub Records' Ms. Jade on "Sexual Healing (Oops Pt. 2)", and included a bonus track performed by Elliott, "Big Spender". The album was filled with soul-stirring vocals and lyrics taken from Tweet's own life experiences. The album spawned another two singles, Timbaland-produced "Call Me", and the radio single "Smoking Cigarettes", which had a video shot and directed by Little X but was never released. The album debuted at number three on the "Billboard" 200 chart.

paragraph: That year Tweet appeared as a guest vocalist on Trina's second single from her hit album "Diamond Princess". The song was called "No Panties" and was written and produced by Missy Elliott and Nisan Stewart. Tweet also appeared on Meshell Ndegeocello's "Cookie: The Anthropological Mixtape", Karen Clark Sheard's "2nd Chance", Ms. Jade's "Girl Interrupted", Whitney Houston's "Just Whitney..." and Elliott's "Under Construction". Tweet appeared on four of the tracks and also made a cameo performance in both videos released from the album, "Work It" and "Gossip Folks".

paragraph: Tweet was nominated for a Soul Train Lady of Soul Award (among others) for Best New Artist but lost to Ashanti. However, that year Tweet was awarded the Key To The City for Rochester, New York.

paragraph: Along with Missy Elliott, Lil' Kim, DMX, Toni Braxton, Queen Latifah, Ananda Lewis, Playa, Jamie Foxx, Lil' Mo, AJ, Free (among others), Tweet appeared in Aaliyah's posthumous hit single, "Miss You".

paragraph: With 2003 came more guest vocals appearances: Madonna's "American Life The Remixes Single", Monica's "After the Storm", Mark Ronson's "Here Comes the Fuzz", and Angie Stone's "Stone Love" on the 2004 Grammy Award-nominated song "U-Haul".

paragraph: Tweet turned to acting, having a cameo appearance in the film "Honey", directed by music video director Billie Woodruff and starring Jessica Alba, Mekhi Phifer, Lil' Romeo, Joy Bryant and Missy Elliott. Tweet's other acting credits include an episode of the comedy series "The Parkers" in 2002, in which she performed "Oops (Oh My)" and "Smoking Cigarettes". Tweet also appeared on the "Honey" soundtrack on the Elliott-produced "Thugman". Tweet also performed "Hypnotic" in the film, but it is not featured on the soundtrack. There was also a super hot remix produced by The Orphanz.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2005–07: "It's Me Again".

paragraph: In 2004, Tweet appeared in another of Elliott's music videos, "I'm Really Hot", off of "This Is Not a Test!", but Tweet was absent from the album as a vocalist. Tweet also appeared on the posthumous unreleased Elliott-produced Aaliyah track "Where Could He Be". The song did enjoy slight radio success, but has not yet been released officially. Missy Elliott made her move from Elektra Entertainment Group to Atlantic Records, taking Tweet and The Goldmind Inc. with her.

paragraph: During 2003 and 2004, Tweet began recording songs for her follow-up to "Southern Hummingbird" which was supposed to be released in early 2004, but due to the label changes, was pushed back. In late 2004, Tweet joined Cee-Lo Green and Teedra Moses on the 2004 Seagram's Gin Live Tour in promotion of her new single, "Turn da Lights Off" The song was produced by Missy Elliott and Kwamé, featured vocals from Elliott and contained a sample of Marvin Gaye's "If This World Were Mine" and Nat King Cole's "Lost April". While on tour, Tweet performed her old tracks, and premiered her new single and some of her newer tracks, including "My Man" and "Sports, Sex & Food".

paragraph: On March 22, 2005, Tweet released her second album "It's Me Again". The album featured production from Missy Elliott on seven of the tracks, Craig Brockman, Nisan Stewart, brothers Charlie Bereal and Kenny Bereal, Walter Milsap III, Kwamé, The Goldmind Inc.'s Soul Diggaz, Marty Cintron III, Madball Entertainment and, Timbaland and Tweet (who both only contributed producing credits on one track each). The album featured vocals from Tweet's 15-year-old daughter, Tashawna, on "Two of Us", Rell on "Could It Be", and Missy Elliott on "Turn da Lights Off" and "Things I Don't Mean". The album also featured the hidden bonus track "When I Need a Man" (theme song from the USA Network Original Series, Kojak, starring Ving Rhames). The album peaked at #17 on the Billboard album charts and then quickly fell off the charts due to lack of promotion and mis-management from Atlantic Records. There was talk to film a second video for either "Cab Ride" (which sampled the theme song from the TV show "Taxi,") or "Sports, Sex & Food", but this never happened. Tweet then broke away from her manager, Mona Scott, and Violator Management, and signed with Mathew Knowles of Music World, who managed the careers of Destiny's Child, Beyoncé Knowles, Michelle Williams, Kelly Rowland, Solange Knowles, Sunshine Anderson, and . Tweet stills maintains a close friendship with Mona Scott and is still signed to The Goldmind Inc.

paragraph: Tweet also appeared on Elliott's sixth album release, "The Cookbook", contributing vocals to three tracks, including the single, "Teary Eyed". "Boogie 2nite" (a song from the album "Southern Hummingbird") was covered by Booty Luv (vocalists Nadia and Cherise from the British act Big Brovaz) which reached number two on the UK Singles Chart on December 10, 2006, after three years of UK club success. However, there was no official single release of Tweet's original.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2007–present: "Simply Tweet" and "Charlene".

paragraph: In 2007, Tweet performed with Timbaland, Eve, Keyshia Cole, Nelly Furtado, Fat Man Scoop and Ciara at the 4th annual VH1 Hip Hop Honors, honoring the work of Missy Elliott which aired on October 8. The same year, she departed from Missy Elliott's Goldmind Inc. camp and signed to Jheryl Busby and Mike City's record label, Umbrella Recordings. There, she began recording material for her third album along with producers Nisan Stewart, Warryn Campbell and Novel. Initially titled "Love, Tweet", the album was preceded by the buzz single "Good Bye My Dear", a collaboration with rapper T.I., and expected to be released on April 8, 2008. The release of lead single "Anymore" failed to materialize however. On April 26 and April 27, 2008, Tweet along with Bilal, Dwele and German singer Joy Denalane performed with The Dresden Soul Symphony in Dresden, Germany. The quartet reinterpreted soul hits and combined them with classical music. An album "The Dresden Soul Symphony" and DVD were later released on October 24, 2008.

paragraph: In 2010, Tweet split from Umbrella due to a lack of promotion and ongoing delays. In late 2011, Tweet signed to MC Lyte's record label DuBose Music Group. In June 2012, she began posting previously unreleased material from the "It's Me Again" and "Love, Tweet" recording sessions on her new website as a part of her weekly SoundCloud-hosted special, "Tweet Tuesdays". In February 2013, DuBose released her "Simply Tweet" EP. Recorded live with a full band, the five-track set was preceded by the single "Enough". The digital extended play reached the top thirty on both the US "Billboard" Independent Albums and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

paragraph: In July 2015, Tweet confirmed that she had signed with the independent eOne Music label. Her third regular studio album "Charlene", featuring production from Missy Elliott, is expected to be released on January 22, 2016 in the United States, with its lead single to be released in September 21, 2015. On February 29, 2016 the 'Hummingbird' singer sat down with Lindsey Sullivan (of "Billboard") to discuss her new album "Charlene". During the interview Tweet mentioned her excitement teaming up with Timbaland and Missy Elliott. She also stated the album was a growing experience and she has matured as an artist over her long hiatus.

paragraph: In July 2016, Pastor Jamal Bryant introduced Tweet as the 'First Lady' of the show with intentions of making her his 'Last Lady'.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.:Soul Train Music Awards.

paragraph: !! Ref.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Southern Hummingbird" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's Me Again" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlene" (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "" (TV)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Honey"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "The Dresden Soul Symphony" (live concert DVD)

paragraph: Section::::Endorsements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Verizon Wireless TV & print ads (featured in the "Call Me" music video)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citizen Watches print ads

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 Gap Stretch Jeans TV ads directed by Peter Lindbergh, performing "I'll Take You There" together with Taryn Manning

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pantene Pro-Voice TV & print ads (with Mýa, Vanessa Carlton and Lucy Woodward)

wikidata_label: Tweet

wikipedia_title: Tweet (singer)


text:
Eric XI of Sweden
queen consort
Swedes and Goths
abbess
Gudhem Abbey
Helena Sverkersdotter
Benedikte Sunesdotter of Bjelbo
Sverker II
Benedicta
Bjelbo
Geatish
lawspeaker
Västergötland
Earl of the Swedish
Eric XI
Eric dynasty
Canute II of Sweden
Uppsala
dower
Valdemar Birgersson
King of Sweden
Queen Dowager
Gudhem Abbey
Söderköping

categories: 1215 births,Swedish queens,Swedish Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns,13th-century Swedish people,13th-century Swedish women,Christians of the Second Swedish Crusade,House of Eric,1252 deaths,House of Bjelbo,Swedish Roman Catholic abbesses

paragraph: Catherine, Queen of Sweden 1244

paragraph: Catherine (), (c. 1215–1252), was a Swedish queen, wife of King Eric XI of Sweden and queen consort of Swedes and Goths from 1244 to 1250. In her later years she served as abbess of Gudhem Abbey.

paragraph: Section::::Heir of the Sverker dynasty.

paragraph: Catherine was the eldest daughter of Helena Sverkersdotter and Sune Folkason. Catherine did not have any brothers, but a sister, Benedikte Sunesdotter of Bjelbo. Catherine's maternal grandparents were King Sverker II and Queen Benedicta. Descending from the families of Bjelbo and Sverker, she was a member of one of the Geatish clans. Catherine's father Sune Folkason was Lord of Ymseborg, lawspeaker of Västergötland, and in some literature he is referred to as Earl of the Swedish.

paragraph: Section::::Queen of Sweden.

paragraph: Eric XI (1215–50) of the Eric dynasty became king in 1222 and was exiled by co-king Canute II of Sweden from 1229 to 1234. Eric returned to Sweden on Canute's death in 1234 and served as king until his own death in 1250. Young Eric was, according to semi-legendary material, physically lame and spoke with a stutter ("läspe och halte"), and he was reportedly of a kindly nature. Eric and Catherine were married in order to strengthen Eric's claim to the throne, as Catherine was of royal blood on her mother's side. The marriage took place in 1243 or 1244, at Fyrisängen near Uppsala. Catherine had received an immense dower upon the marriage: some legends speak romantically about "half the kingdom".

paragraph: Since she immediately devoted herself to a sequestered religious life and not to family at Eric's death, the conclusion has tended to be that they did not have any surviving children. The underage Valdemar Birgersson, a nephew of king Eric, was chosen as the next King of Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::Queen dowager and abbess.

paragraph: Upon the death of her husband, the now Queen Dowager retreated to Gudhem Abbey. Because Scandinavian customary law dictated that no clan property could be held by a member of a religious order, she transferred some lands, including her queenly dower, to certain relatives and gave others as donations to ecclesiastical institutions. For example, her sister Benedikta received as a gift from her the town of Söderköping, one of the Queen's dower possessions. The Queen Dowager soon became the Abbess of Gudhem Abbey, and served in that position until her death there in 1252.

description: Swedish queen

wikidata_label: Catherine of Ymseborg

wikipedia_title: Catherine Sunesdotter

wikipedia_title: Catherine, Queen of Sweden 1244


text:
Czech
ice hockey
defender
Motor České Budějovice
1st Czech Republic Hockey League
Boston Bruins
2000 NHL Entry Draft
American Hockey League
Providence Bruins
National Hockey League
Czech Extraliga
HC Energie Karlovy Vary
National League A
HC Ambri-Piotta

categories: HC Ambrì-Piotta players,Boston Bruins draft picks,1980 births,Motor České Budějovice players,HC Davos players,People from České Budějovice,Czech ice hockey players,EC Red Bull Salzburg players,HC Slovan Bratislava players,HC Karlovy Vary players,Boston Bruins players,IHC Písek players,Living people,Providence Bruins players

paragraph: Zdeněk Kutlák

paragraph: Zdeněk Kutlák (born February 13, 1980) is a Czech professional ice hockey defender who currently plays for Motor České Budějovice in 1st Czech Republic Hockey League.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Kutlák was drafted 237th overall by the Boston Bruins in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft from his local team HC České Budějovice. He spent most of his time in the American Hockey League for the Providence Bruins, but managed to play 16 games in the National Hockey League for Boston, scoring one goal and two assists for three points.

paragraph: After four seasons in the Bruins organization, Kutlák returned to the Czech Extraliga, signing for HC Energie Karlovy Vary during the lockout in 2004 before re-joining Budějovice in 2005. In 2007, Kutlák moved to Switzerland and signed for National League A side HC Ambri-Piotta.

paragraph: On August 14, 2014, Kutlák continued his journeyman career in opting to sign a one-year contract with Austrian club, EC Red Bull Salzburg, of the EBEL.

description: Czech ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Zdeněk Kutlák

wikipedia_title: Zdeněk Kutlák


text:
Ireland
Canada
Selkirk Mountains
British Columbia
Alberta
continental divide
Canadian Rockies
Elizabeth Parker
Alpine Club of Canada
Canadian Alpine Journal
Arthur O. Wheeler hut
Kilkenny
Ireland
Ballinasloe
County Galway
Dulwich College
Canada
Collingwood, Ontario
Great Lakes
Algoma District
birch bark
canoe
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Battleford, Saskatchewan
Red River ox cart
Indian reserve
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
Dominion Land Survey
Northwest Territories
Saskatchewan
Alberta
Manitoba
Canadian Pacific Railway
Edouard Deville
Canadian Rocky Mountains
North-West Rebellion
Louis Riel
Métis people
District of Saskatchewan
Canada
Battle of Batoche
John Macoun
Edward Oliver Wheeler
New Westminster, British Columbia
Calgary, Alberta
Elbow
Sheep
Highwood
Oldman
Belly
Waterton
Little Bow
St. Mary
Milk Rivers
Crowsnest Pass
Alberta
Edouard Deville
Rogers Pass
Selkirk Range
British Columbia
Edward Whymper
Matterhorn
Canadian Pacific Railway
Swiss
guide
Mount Wheeler
Canadian Rockies
International Geographic Congress
Appalachian Mountain Club
Boston
Alberta
British Columbia
Continental Divide of the Americas
49th parallel
120th meridian
Kananaskis
Alberta
World War I
American Alpine Club
Charles Fay
Glacier House
Rogers Pass
Elizabeth Parker
Winnipeg Free Press
Alpine Club of Canada
Canadian Alpine Journal
Alpine Club (UK)
Mount Robson
Canadian Rockies
Mount Logan
Dominion Land Survey
Edward Whymper
Alpine Club (UK)
Appalachian Mountain Club
American Alpine Club
Monaco
Order of St. Charles
Royal Canadian Geographical Society
Alpine Club of Canada
Arthur O. Wheeler hut
Rogers Pass
World War II
Lord Bishop
St. Canice's Cathedral
Kilkenny, Ireland
12th Royal Lancers
Edward Oliver Wheeler
topographical
Mount Everest
John Oliver Wheeler
geologist
Alpine Club Past Presidents
Land Surveying History

categories: Canadian people of Anglo-Irish descent,Irish emigrants to Canada (before 1923),Canadian mountain climbers,Canadian surveyors,1945 deaths,1860 births

paragraph: Arthur Oliver Wheeler

paragraph: Arthur Oliver Wheeler (May 1, 1860 – May 20, 1945) was born in Ireland and immigrated to Canada in 1876 at the age of 16. He became a land surveyor and surveyed large areas of western Canada, including photo-topographical surveys of the Selkirk Mountains and the British Columbia-Alberta boundary along the continental divide through the Canadian Rockies. In 1906, he and journalist Elizabeth Parker were the principal founders of the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC). He was its first president, from 1906 to 1910, and editor of the "Canadian Alpine Journal" from 1907 to 1930. He remained Honorary President of the ACC from 1926 until his death in 1945. The Arthur O. Wheeler hut of the ACC is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Wheeler was born on May 1, 1860 at "The Rocks", the Wheeler family estate near Kilkenny, Ireland. He was educated at Ballinasloe College, County Galway, and at Dulwich College, London. The family fell upon hard times in Ireland, and in 1876 they sold their estates and moved to Canada, where his father took up the post of harbour master in Collingwood, Ontario. In 1876, at the age of 16, Wheeler met noted land surveyor, Lauchlan Alexander Hamilton, and became his apprentice. In 1877, Wheeler was hired by surveyor Elihu Stewart to work north of the Great Lakes in the Algoma District of Ontario, where he spent the summer paddling a birch bark canoe. In 1878 he again worked for Stewart and traveled from Winnipeg, Manitoba to Battleford, Saskatchewan using Red River ox carts to survey Indian reserves near Battleford and Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. In the following three years he returned to Ontario and studied to qualify as a Dominion Land Surveyor.

paragraph: He qualified as Ontario Land Surveyor in 1881; as Manitoba and Dominion Land Surveyor in 1882.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1883, Wheeler was employed by the Canadian Government on pioneer surveys in the Northwest Territories, which then included the future provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta and parts of what are now Manitoba. In 1884 he sub-divided a number of Canadian Pacific Railway townsites along the line of railway construction. In 1885 he was appointed a technical officer of the Topographical Surveys Branch of the Department of the Interior in 1885 under Dr. Edouard Deville, Surveyor General of Canada, where he was trained in the specialty of photo-topographical surveying then being applied by Dr. Deville to the mapping of the Canadian Rocky Mountains.

paragraph: In 1885 the North-West Rebellion was begun by Louis Riel, which pitted the Métis people of the District of Saskatchewan against the government of Canada. Wheeler joined the Canadian militia as a lieutenant with the Dominion Land Surveyors Intelligence Corps under Captain J. S. Dennis and, with a group of other land surveyors, marched to help quell the rebellion. At the Battle of Batoche, one surveyor was killed and three others wounded. Wheeler was grazed in the shoulder by a sniper's bullet, but a few days later learned that his family in Ontario had been informed that he had been killed in action. After returning to Ottawa, Wheeler met Clara Macoun, daughter of famous Canadian botanist John Macoun who had made numerous trips to the northwest to survey the railway and evaluate the land for farming. Arthur married Clara in Ottawa in 1888.

paragraph: In 1891, Arthur, Clara, and their new son Edward Oliver Wheeler headed west to New Westminster, British Columbia where Wheeler went into private practice as a surveyor. His private surveying work was supplemented by work for the Department of the Interior, and he was joined in his surveying business by his younger brothers Hector and Willie. A real estate crash nearly wiped them out, and in 1894 he rejoined the Topographical Survey Branch of the Department of the Interior. Wheeler spent six years surveying the area south of Calgary, Alberta and in 1898 moved his wife and son to Calgary. During this period he surveyed the watersheds of the Elbow, Sheep, Highwood, Oldman, Belly, Waterton, Little Bow, St. Mary and Milk Rivers. In 1900, the Department of the Interior announced it was going to close its office in Calgary, so Wheeler spent the summer surveying the Crowsnest Pass area in Alberta, and in 1901 the Wheelers returned to Ottawa.

paragraph: In 1901, the Surveyor-General of Canada, Dr. Edouard Deville, assigned Wheeler the task of surveying the Rogers Pass area of the Selkirk Range in British Columbia. On the train to Rogers Pass, Wheeler met Edward Whymper, who had made the first ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 and who was in Canada as a guest of the Canadian Pacific Railway. At Rogers Pass, Wheeler met a group of professional Swiss mountain guides in the employ of the railway, and it was with six of them that he made his first ascent of a major peak. He continued to climb mountains in the area, and in 1902 took his son Oliver on a first ascent of a previously unnamed peak, which he named Mount Oliver after his son. Wheeler also made a first ascent of a major peak, which he named Mount Wheeler after himself. In 1903, Wheeler was assigned the survey of the railway belt through the Canadian Rockies east of Rogers Pass. During the following two years, he met numerous American and British climbers who were making first ascents among the vast ranges of unclimbed peaks in the Canadian west.

paragraph: In 1904, Wheeler attended the International Geographic Congress, convened at Washington, as delegate from the Department of the Interior, and, while it was in session, visited Washington, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and the St. Louis World's Fair. In 1905 he was invited to speak at a meeting of the Appalachian Mountain Club in Boston. Later that year, he published a book called "The Selkirk Range", the first book written by a Canadian to celebrate a mountain range.

paragraph: Wheeler returned to private practice from 1910 to 1913, and then was appointed Commissioner of the Alberta / British Columbia boundary survey. From 1913 to 1925 he was responsible for surveying the portion of the boundary which follows the Continental Divide of the Americas from the United States Boundary at the 49th parallel to its intersection with the 120th meridian, a distance of . During this assignment Wheeler named many of the peaks in the Kananaskis area of Alberta after World War I British and French generals, admirals and battleships. At its close, Wheeler retired from active professional work.

paragraph: Section::::Alpine Club of Canada.

paragraph: After the American Alpine Club was founded in 1902, its first president Charles Fay whom Wheeler had met at Glacier House in Rogers Pass suggested that a Canadian chapter of the club be formed. Wheeler took up the task of promoting the idea, but Elizabeth Parker, a journalist at the Winnipeg Free Press, objected strenuously to Canada becoming a subsidiary to the United States in this matter. Wheeler took her objections to heart, and as a result, when the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC) was founded in 1906, Arthur Oliver Wheeler became its first President and Elizabeth Parker became its first Secretary.

paragraph: The Alpine Club of Canada was his most important contribution. He was involved in every phase of the club's activities for the last thirty-eight years of his life. He served as President of the ACC from 1906 to 1910, and then Managing Director for 16 years from 1907 to 1930. The year following the founding of the Club, he prepared the first issue of the Canadian Alpine Journal and was its editor for 20 years until 1927. In 1907, as President of the Alpine Club of Canada, he attended the 50th anniversary celebration dinner of the Alpine Club (UK) in London.

paragraph: In 1923 his beloved wife, Clara, died, and in 1924 he married Emmeline Savatard who had been the "Girl Friday" for the ACC for the previous 20 years and who remained with him until his death in 1945.

paragraph: On his retirement he was named Honorary President of the ACC, and held the position from 1926 until his death in early 1945. He continued to be active in the club and was the driving force behind two of its most successful expeditions: the Mount Robson camp which in 1913 made the first confirmed ascent of the highest mountain in the Canadian Rockies; and the 1925 first ascent of Mount Logan, the highest mountain in Canada.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: Wheeler was elected an honorary member of the Dominion Land Surveyors Association, and served for many years as the Canadian representative on the "International Commission on Glaciers". In 1908, proposed by the famous mountaineer Edward Whymper, Wheeler was elected to honorary membership in the Alpine Club (UK). He also became an honorary member of the French Alpine Club, the Appalachian Mountain Club and the American Alpine Club. In 1920, at the Allied Congress of Alpinism, the Prince of Monaco recognized Wheeler's good work by making him an Officer of the Order of St. Charles and conferring upon him the Cross of the Order.

paragraph: Wheeler was elected as one of the first Fellows of The Royal Canadian Geographical Society in 1930.

paragraph: Wheeler was Honorary President of the Alpine Club of Canada from 1926 to 1945 and the club's Arthur O. Wheeler hut near Rogers Pass was named after him. Although the ACC approved the project in 1938, construction did not begin until after the end of World War II in 1945. The hut built in his honor was not completed until 1947, two years after A.O. Wheeler died. It has been expanded and renovated many times since and remains one of the ACC's most popular huts.

paragraph: Section::::Lineage.

paragraph: Wheeler was the great grandson of Jonas Wheeler, who was Lord Bishop of St. Canice's Cathedral in Kilkenny, Ireland. His grandfather was William Oliver Wheeler, who fought with the 12th Royal Lancers against Napoleon in Portugal and Spain, and later became mayor of Kilkenny. Wheeler's father, Edward Oliver Wheeler, was a captain in the Kilkenny Fusiliers.

paragraph: He is the father of Sir Edward Oliver Wheeler, who participated in the first topographical survey of Mount Everest in 1921, and as Brigadier in the British Army was appointed Surveyor General of India in 1941. He is the grandfather of John Oliver Wheeler, an award-winning Canadian geologist.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alpine Club Past Presidents

paragraph: BULLET::::- Land Surveying History

description: Irish Canadian surveyor

wikidata_label: Arthur Oliver Wheeler

wikipedia_title: Arthur Oliver Wheeler