text: BRIT School

text: XL Recordings

text: Brit Awards

text: Critics' Choice

text: BBC

text: platinum

text: Hometown Glory

text: West Norwood

text: Saturday Night Live

text: 51st Grammy Awards

text: Best New Artist

text: Best Female Pop Vocal Performance

text: numerous awards

text: record-tying

text: Grammy Awards

text: Album of the Year

text: Brit Awards

text: British Album of the Year

text: American Music Awards

text: Favorite Pop/Rock Album

text: fourth best-selling album in the nation

text: certified diamond

text: best-selling album worldwide

text: Guinness Book of World Records

text: "Billboard" 200

text: "Billboard" Hot 100

text: Rolling in the Deep

text: Someone Like You

text: Set Fire to the Rain

text: Skyfall

text: James Bond film of the same name

text: Academy Award

text: Grammy Award

text: Golden Globe

text: Brit Award

text: British Single of the Year

text: broke first-week sales records

text: five Grammy Awards

text: four Brit Awards

text: Hello

text: Adele Live 2016

text: Wembley Stadium

text: Billboard

text: Ivor Novello Awards

text: British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors

text: Time

text: world's best-selling music artists

text: Tottenham

text: Brighton

text: Brixton

text: West Norwood

text: Hometown Glory

text: Brockwell Park

text: Million Years Ago

text: BRIT School

text: Leona Lewis

text: Jessie J

text: A&R

text: XL Recordings

text: Virgin Records

text: Jamie T

text: Jack Peñate

text: Jim Abbiss

text: Later... with Jools Holland

text: Hometown Glory

text: Damien Rice

text: Brit Awards

text: Critics' Choice

text: Sound of 2008

text: The Times

text: blue-eyed soul

text: Chasing Pavements

text: Mercury Prize

text: Urban Music Award

text: Q Awards

text: Columbia Records

text: An Evening with Adele

text: Nylon

text: NBC

text: Saturday Night Live

text: Sarah Palin

text: Cold Shoulder

text: "Billboard" 200

text: Notting Hill

text: RIAA

text: 51st Annual Grammy Awards

text: Best New Artist

text: Best Female Pop Vocal Performance

text: Record of the Year

text: Song of the Year

text: Jennifer Nettles

text: German Singles Chart

text: Lena Meyer-Landrut

text: Eurovision Song Contest 2010

text: The X Factor

text: Bob Dylan

text: Make You Feel My Love

text: Lady Antebellum

text: Need You Now

text: Darius Rucker

text: CMT Music Award

text: country

text: roots music

text: Spin Magazine

text: 2011 Brit Awards

text: Rolling in the Deep

text: The Beatles

text: 2011 MTV Video Music Awards

text: "Billboard" Hot 100

text: Amy Winehouse

text: Back to Black

text: Set Fire to the Rain

text: Adele Live

text: Steven M. Zeitels

text: Massachusetts General Hospital

text: Nielsen SoundScan

text: Rolling in the Deep

text: Live at the Royal Albert Hall

text: 2011 American Music Awards

text: Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist

text: Favorite Adult Contemporary Artist

text: Favorite Pop/Rock Album

text: 2012 Grammy Awards

text: Album of the Year

text: Record of the Year

text: Song of the Year

text: Beyoncé

text: Brit Award

text: British Female Solo Artist

text: British Album of the Year

text: George Michael

text: fourth best-selling album

text: best-selling album worldwide

text: diamond certification

text: Skyfall

text: James Bond film

text: Skyfall

text: Paul Epworth

text: Abbey Road Studios

text: J. A. C. Redford

text: Skyfall

text: Duran Duran

text: A View to a Kill

text: James Bond theme song

text: Sam Smith

text: Writing's on the Wall

text: Golden Globe Award

text: Best Original Song

text: Academy Award

text: Best Original Song

text: Associated Press

text: 2013 Grammy Awards

text: Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance

text: Wiz Khalifa

text: Blacc Hollywood

text: Grammy Award

text: Best Song Written for Visual Media

text: 56th Annual Grammy Awards

text: Daily Mail

text: Capital FM

text: World Music Awards

text: Paul Moss

text: Companies House

text: Billboard

text: Danger Mouse

text: Tobias Jesso Jr.

text: Ryan Tedder

text: Rumour Has It

text: 72nd Venice International Film Festival

text: Sia

text: Alive

text: The X Factor

text: Hello

text: Nick Grimshaw

text: Radio 1 Breakfast Show

text: YouTube

text: Vevo record

text: Bad Blood

text: Taylor Swift

text: one billion views on YouTube

text: red telephone box

text: BBC One

text: Adele at the BBC

text: Graham Norton

text: Saturday Night Live

text: Adele Live in New York City

text: Radio City Music Hall

text: NBC

text: fastest selling album

text: David Bowie

text: Blackstar

text: best-selling album worldwide

text: Madonna

text: Adele Live 2016

text: Manchester Arena

text: O2 Arena

text: St. Paul, Minnesota

text: Madison Square Garden

text: Staples Center

text: Air Canada Centre

text: 2016 Brit Awards

text: British Female Solo Artist

text: British Album of the Year

text: British Single of the Year

text: When We Were Young

text: Send My Love (To Your New Lover)

text: Water Under the Bridge

text: 2016 Glastonbury Festival

text: ANZ Stadium

text: Wembley Stadium

text: Three Lions

text: Match of the Day

text: Carpool Karaoke

text: James Corden

text: The Late Late Show with James Corden

text: 59th Annual Grammy Awards

text: Album of the Year

text: Best Pop Vocal Album

text: Record of the Year

text: Song of the Year

text: Best Pop Solo Performance

text: George Michael

text: Fastlove

text: Spice Girls

text: Geri Halliwell

text: Sinéad O'Connor

text: The Cure

text: Dusty Springfield

text: Celine Dion

text: Annie Lennox

text: Gabrielle

text: Aaliyah

text: Destiny's Child

text: Mary J. Blige

text: Pink

text: Brixton Academy

text: Missundaztood

text: Jeff Buckley

text: Grace

text: Etta James

text: Ella Fitzgerald

text: Amy Winehouse

text: Frank

text: Aaliyah

text: Lauryn Hill

text: Mary J. Blige

text: Alicia Keys

text: Lana Del Rey

text: Grimes

text: Chvrches

text: FKA Twigs

text: Alabama Shakes

text: Kanye West

text: Rihanna

text: Frank Ocean

text: Stevie Nicks

text: Beyoncé

text: Madonna

text: Ray of Light

text: chief inspiration

text: soul

text: British Musical Invasion

text: country

text: blues

text: An Evening with Adele

text: mezzo-soprano

text: range

text: C

text: B

text: Classic FM

text: contralto

text: C

text: C

text: Ella Fitzgerald

text: Etta James

text: Roberta Flack

text: Lily Allen

text: Kate Nash

text: Jon Pareles

text: Dusty Springfield

text: Petula Clark

text: Annie Lennox

text: Paste

text: Old Etonian

text: paparazzi

text: postnatal depression

text: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

text: panic attack

text: ring finger

text: 59th Annual Grammy Awards

text: Album of the Year

text: Associated Press

text: Labour Party

text: Tottenham Hotspur

text: Sunday Times Rich List

text: LGBT community

text: mass shooting at a gay nightclub

text: Alan Carr

text: Little Noise Sessions

text: Union Chapel

text: Mencap

text: Keep a Child Alive

text: Brooklyn Academy of Music

text: Save The Music Foundation

text: John Mayer

text: Nokia Theatre

text: LGBT

text: Comic Relief

text: Red Nose Day 2011

text: MusiCares

text: National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences

text: Adele Live

text: SANDS

text: Grenfell Tower fire

text: Chelsea

text: 51st Annual Grammy Awards

text: Best New Artist

text: Best Female Pop Vocal Performance

text: Record of the Year

text: Song of the Year

text: Brit Awards

text: British Female Solo Artist

text: British Single of the Year

text: British Breakthrough Act

text: Gordon Brown

text: record-tying

text: Grammy Awards

text: Album of the Year

text: Brit Awards

text: British Album of the Year

text: Guinness Book of World Records

text: Whitney Houston

text: fourth best-selling album in the UK

text: diamond

text: Time

text: People

text: (Le) Poisson Rouge

text: Matt Doyle

text: Forbes

text: Sunday Times Rich List

text: Judy Garland

text: Carole King

text: Whitney Houston

text: Ivor Novello Awards

text: Rolling in the Deep

text: BMI

text: Academy Award for Best Original Song

text: James Bond

text: Skyfall

text: James Bond song

text: For Your Eyes Only

text: Nobody Does It Better

text: Live and Let Die

text: The Look of Love

text: 2013 Brit Awards

text: Queen's Birthday Honours list

text: Prince Charles

text: Buckingham Palace

text: Woman's Hour

text: BBC Radio 4

text: Time

text: 100 list of most influential people

text: British cultural icon

text: William Shakespeare

text: Elizabeth II

text: David Beckham

text: J. K. Rowling

text: The Beatles

text: Charlie Chaplin

text: Elton John

text: broke first week sales records

text: five Grammy Awards

text: four Brit Awards

text: Hello

text: Madonna

text: Ivor Novello Awards

text: An Evening with Adele

text: Adele Live

text: Adele Live 2016

text: List of one-word stage names

text: Honorific nicknames in popular music

text: List of Billboard Social 50 number-one artists

wikipedia_title: Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance

wikipedia_title: List of awards and nominations received by Adele

wikipedia_title: Brit Award for British Album of the Year

wikipedia_title: American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Album

wikipedia_title: List of best-selling albums in the United Kingdom

wikipedia_title: Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media

wikipedia_title: Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song

wikipedia_title: Brit Award for British Single of the Year

wikipedia_title: British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors

wikipedia_title: Recording Industry Association of America

wikipedia_title: Live at the Royal Albert Hall (Adele album)

wikipedia_title: American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist

wikipedia_title: American Music Award for Favorite Adult Contemporary Artist

wikipedia_title: Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist

wikipedia_title: Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance

wikipedia_title: List of Billboard Social 50 number-one artists

categories: Feminist musicians,English feminists,Members of the Order of the British Empire,Neo soul singers,English women activists,LGBT rights activists from the United Kingdom,British contemporary R&B singers,Echo (music award) winners,Ballad musicians,English female singer-songwriters,HIV/AIDS activists,Grammy Award winners,Adele,Juno Award for International Album of the Year winners,Ivor Novello Award winners,People from Tottenham,Labour Party (UK) people,English female guitarists,English mezzo-sopranos,English female pop singers,21st-century women singers,Torch singers,Juno Award for Video of the Year winners,NME Awards winners,Columbia Records artists,Golden Globe Award-winning musicians,Living people,People educated at the BRIT School,1988 births,Brit Award winners,English activists,English soul singers,English people of Welsh descent,XL Recordings artists,21st-century English singers,Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters,Singers from London

paragraph: Adele

paragraph: Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (; born 5 May 1988) is an English singer-songwriter. After graduating from the BRIT School in 2006, Adele signed a recording contract with XL Recordings. In 2007, she received the Brit Awards Critics' Choice award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll. Her debut album, "19", was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success. It is certified eight times platinum in the UK, and three times platinum in the US. The album contains her first song, "Hometown Glory", written when she was 16, which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London. An appearance she made on "Saturday Night Live" in late 2008, boosted her career in the US. At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.

paragraph: Adele released her second studio album, "21", in 2011. The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut, earning numerous awards in 2012, among them a record-tying six Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year; two Brit Awards, including British Album of the Year; and three American Music Awards, including Favorite Pop/Rock Album. The album has been certified 17 times platinum in the UK, and is overall the fourth best-selling album in the nation. In the US, it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985, and is certified diamond. The best-selling album worldwide of 2011 and 2012, "21" has sold over 31 million copies. The success of "21" earned Adele numerous mentions in the "Guinness Book of World Records." She was the first female artist to simultaneously have two albums in the top five of the "Billboard" 200 and two singles in the top five of the "Billboard" Hot 100, as well as the first woman in the history of the "Billboard" Hot 100 to have three simultaneous top 10 singles as a lead artist, with "Rolling in the Deep", "Someone Like You", and "Set Fire to the Rain", all of which also topped the chart. "21" is the longest-running number one album by a female solo artist in the history of the UK and US Album Charts.

paragraph: In 2012, Adele released "Skyfall", which she co-wrote and recorded for the James Bond film of the same name. The song won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a Golden Globe for Best Original Song, as well as the Brit Award for British Single of the Year. After taking a three-year break, Adele released her third studio album, "25", in 2015. It became the year's best-selling album and broke first-week sales records in the UK and US. "25" was her second album to be certified diamond in the US and earned her five Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year, and four Brit Awards, including British Album of the Year. The lead single, "Hello", became the first song in the US to sell over one million digital copies within a week of its release. Her third concert tour, Adele Live 2016, visited Europe, North America and Oceania, and concluded with finale concerts at Wembley Stadium in late June 2017.

paragraph: In 2011, 2012, and 2016, Adele was named Artist of the Year by "Billboard". At the 2012 and 2016 Ivor Novello Awards, Adele was named Songwriter of the Year by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors. In 2012, she was listed at number five on VH1's 100 Greatest Women in Music. "Time" magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2016. Her 2016–2017 tour, saw her break attendance records in a number of countries, including the UK, Australia, and the US. With sales of more than 100 million records, Adele is one of the world's best-selling music artists.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:1988–2006: Early life.

paragraph: Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, London, to an English mother, Penny Adkins, and a Welsh father, Marc Evans. Evans left when Adele was two, leaving her mother to raise her. She began singing at age four and asserts that she became obsessed with voices. In 1997, at the age of nine, Adele and her mother, who by then had found work as a furniture maker and an adult-learning activities organiser, relocated to Brighton on the south coast of England.

paragraph: In 1999 she and her mother moved back to London; first to Brixton, then to the neighbouring district of West Norwood in south London, which is the subject of her first song “Hometown Glory”. She spent a lot of her youth in Brockwell Park where she would play the guitar and sing to friends, which she recalled in her 2015 song “Million Years Ago”. She stated, “It has quite monumental moments of my life that I’ve spent there, and I drove past it [in 2015] and I just literally burst into tears. I really missed it.” Adele graduated from the BRIT School for Performing Arts & Technology in Croydon in May 2006, where she was a classmate of Leona Lewis and Jessie J. Adele credits the school with nurturing her talent even though, at the time, she was more interested in going into A&R and hoped to launch other people's careers.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:2006–2010: Career beginnings and "19".

paragraph: Four months after graduation, she published two songs on the fourth issue of the online arts publication "PlatformsMagazine.com." She had recorded a three-song demo for a class project and given it to a friend. The friend posted the demo on Myspace, where it became very successful and led to a phone call from Richard Russell, boss of the music label XL Recordings. She doubted if the offer was real because the only record company she knew was Virgin Records, and she took a friend with her to the meeting.

paragraph: Nick Huggett, at XL, recommended Adele to manager Jonathan Dickins at September Management, and in June 2006, Dickins became her official representative. September was managing Jamie T at the time and this proved a major draw for Adele, a big fan of the British singer-songwriter. Huggett then signed Adele to XL in September 2006. Adele provided vocals for Jack Peñate's song, "My Yvonne," for his debut album, and it was during this session she first met producer Jim Abbiss, who would go on to produce both the majority of her debut album, "19," and tracks on "21." In June 2007, Adele made her television debut, performing "Daydreamer" on the BBC's "Later... with Jools Holland". Adele's breakthrough song, "Hometown Glory", written when she was 16, was released in October 2007.

paragraph: By 2008, Adele had become the headliner and performed an acoustic set, in which she was supported by Damien Rice. She became the first recipient of the Brit Awards "Critics' Choice" and was named the number-one predicted breakthrough act of 2008 in an annual BBC poll of music critics, Sound of 2008. The album "19," named for her age at the time she wrote and composed many of its songs, entered the British charts at number one. "The Times" "Encyclopedia of Modern Music" named "19" an "essential" blue-eyed soul recording. She released her second single, "Chasing Pavements", on 14 January 2008, two weeks ahead of her debut album, "19". The song reached number two on the UK Chart, and stayed there for four weeks. Adele was nominated for a 2008 Mercury Prize award for "19". She also won an Urban Music Award for "Best Jazz Act." She also received a Q Awards nomination in the category of Breakthrough Act and a Music of Black Origin nomination in the category of Best UK Female. In March 2008, Adele signed a deal with Columbia Records and XL Recordings for her foray into the United States. She embarked on a short North American tour in the same month, and "19" was released in the US in June. "Billboard" magazine stated of it: "Adele truly has potential to become among the most respected and inspiring international artists of her generation." The An Evening with Adele world tour began in May 2008 and ended in June 2009.

paragraph: She later cancelled the 2008 US tour dates to be with a former boyfriend. She said in "Nylon" magazine in June 2009, "I'm like, 'I can't believe I did that.' It seems so ungrateful... I was drinking far too much and that was kind of the basis of my relationship with this boy. I couldn't bear to be without him, so I was like, 'Well, I'll just cancel my stuff then.'" She referred to this period as her "early life crisis". She is also known for her dislike of flying and bouts of homesickness when away from her native London. By the middle of October 2008, Adele's attempt to break in America appeared to have failed. But then she was booked as the musical guest on 18 October 2008 episode of NBC's "Saturday Night Live." The episode, which included an expected appearance by then US vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin, earned the program its best ratings in 14 years with 17 million viewers. Adele performed "Chasing Pavements" and "Cold Shoulder," and the following day, "19" topped the iTunes charts and ranked at number five at Amazon.com while "Chasing Pavements" rose into the top 25. The album reached number 11 on the "Billboard" 200 as a result, a jump of 35 places over the previous week.

paragraph: In November 2008 Adele moved to Notting Hill, London after leaving her mother's house, a move that prompted her to give up drinking. The album was certified gold in February 2009 by the RIAA. By July 2009, the album had sold 2.2 million copies worldwide.

paragraph: At the 51st Annual Grammy Awards in February 2009, Adele received the award for Best New Artist, in addition to the award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "Chasing Pavements", which was also nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. Adele performed "Chasing Pavements" at the ceremony in a duet with Jennifer Nettles. In 2010, Adele received a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "Hometown Glory." In April her song "My Same" entered the German Singles Chart after it had been performed by Lena Meyer-Landrut in the talent show contest "Unser Star für Oslo," or "Our Star for Oslo," in which the German entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 was determined.

paragraph: In late September, after being featured on "The X Factor," Adele's version of Bob Dylan's "Make You Feel My Love" re-entered the UK singles chart at number 4. During the 2010 "CMT Artists of the Year" special, Adele performed a widely publicised duet of Lady Antebellum's "Need You Now" with Darius Rucker. This performance was later nominated for a CMT Music Award.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:2011–2014: "21", worldwide recognition and hiatus.

paragraph: Adele released her second studio album, "21", on 24 January 2011 in the UK and 22 February in the US. She said that the album was inspired by the break-up with her former partner. The album's sound is described as classic and contemporary country and roots music. The change in sound from her first album was the result of her bus driver playing contemporary music from Nashville when she was touring the American South, and the title reflected the growth she had experienced in the prior two years. Adele told "Spin Magazine:" "It was really exciting for me because I never grew up around [that music]." "21" hit number 1 in 30 countries, including the UK and the US.

paragraph: An emotional performance of "Someone Like You" at the 2011 Brit Awards on 15 February propelled the song to number one in the UK. Her first album, "19," re-entered the UK album chart alongside "21," while first and second singles "Rolling in the Deep" and "Someone Like You" were in the top 5 of the UK singles chart, making Adele the first living artist to achieve the feat of two top-five hits in both the Official Singles Chart and the Official Albums Chart simultaneously since The Beatles in 1964. Both songs topped the charts in multiple markets and broke numerous sales performance records. Following her performance of "Someone Like You" at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, it became Adele's second number-one single on the "Billboard" Hot 100. By December 2011, "21" sold over 3.4 million copies in the UK, and became the biggest-selling album of the 21st century, overtaking Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black", with Adele becoming the first artist ever to sell three million albums in the UK in one calendar year. "Set Fire to the Rain" became Adele's third number one single on the "Billboard" Hot 100, as Adele became the first artist ever to have an album, "21," hold the number-one position on the "Billboard" 200 concurrently with three number one singles. Moreover, "21" had the most weeks on the "Billboard" 200 chart of any album by a woman.

paragraph: To promote the album, Adele embarked upon the "Adele Live" tour, which sold out its North American leg. In October 2011, Adele was forced to cancel two tours because of a vocal-cord haemorrhage. She released a statement saying she needed an extended period of rest to avoid permanent damage to her voice. In the first week of November 2011 Steven M. Zeitels, director of the Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, performed laser microsurgery on Adele's vocal cords to remove a benign polyp. A recording of her tour, "Live at the Royal Albert Hall," was released in November 2011, debuting at number one in the US with 96,000 copies sold, the highest one-week tally for a music DVD in four years, becoming the best-selling music DVD of 2011. Adele is the first artist in Nielsen SoundScan history to have the year's number-one album ("21"), number-one single ("Rolling in the Deep"), and number-one music video ("Live at the Royal Albert Hall"). At the 2011 American Music Awards on 20 November, Adele won three awards; Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist, Favorite Adult Contemporary Artist, and Favorite Pop/Rock Album for "21." On 9 December, "Billboard" named Adele Artist of the Year, "Billboard" 200 Album of the Year ("21"), and the "Billboard" Hot 100 Song of the Year ("Rolling in the Deep"), becoming the first woman ever to top all three categories.

paragraph: Following the throat microsurgery, she made her live comeback at the 2012 Grammy Awards in February. She won in all six categories for which she was nominated, including Album of the Year, Record of the Year, and Song of the Year, making her the second female artist in Grammy history, after Beyoncé, to win that many categories in a single night. Following that success, "21" achieved the biggest weekly sales increase following a Grammy win since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking data in 1991. Adele received the Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist, and British Album of the Year presented to her by George Michael. Following the Brit Awards, "21" reached number one for the 21st non-consecutive week in the UK. The album has sold over 4.5 million copies in the UK where it is the fourth best-selling album. In October, the album's sales surpassed 4.5 million in the UK, and in November it surpassed 10 million sales in the US. The best-selling album worldwide of 2011 and 2012, , the album has sold over 31 million copies. By the end of 2014, she had sold an estimated 40 million albums and 50 million singles worldwide. Adele is the only artist or band in the last decade in the US to earn an RIAA diamond certification for a one disc album in less than two years.

paragraph: In October 2012, Adele confirmed that she had been writing, composing and recording the theme song for "Skyfall," the twenty-third James Bond film. The song "Skyfall," written and composed in collaboration with producer Paul Epworth, was recorded at Abbey Road Studios, and features orchestrations by J. A. C. Redford. Adele stated recording "Skyfall" was "one of the proudest moments of my life." On 14 October, "Skyfall" rose to number 2 on the UK Singles Chart with sales of 92,000 copies bringing its overall sales to 176,000, and "Skyfall" entered the "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 8, selling 261,000 copies in the US in its first three days. This tied "Skyfall" with Duran Duran's "A View to a Kill" as the highest-charting James Bond theme song on the UK Singles Chart; a record surpassed in 2015 by Sam Smith's "Writing's on the Wall".

paragraph: "Skyfall" has sold more than five milliion copies worldwide and earned Adele the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In December 2012, Adele was named "Billboard" Artist of the Year, and "21" was named Album of the Year, making her the first artist to receive both accolades two years in a row. Adele was also named top female artist. The Associated Press named Adele Entertainer of the Year for 2012. The 2013 Grammy Awards saw Adele's live version of "Set Fire to the Rain" win the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance, bringing her total wins to nine.

paragraph: On 3 April 2012, Adele confirmed that her third album would likely be at least two years away, stating, "I have to take time and live a little bit. There were a good two years between my first and second albums, so it'll be the same this time." She stated that she would continue writing and composing her own material.

paragraph: At the 2013 Grammy Awards, she confirmed that she was in the very early stages of her third album. She also stated that she will most likely work with Paul Epworth again.

paragraph: In September 2013, Wiz Khalifa confirmed that he and Adele had collaborated on a song for his upcoming fifth studio album, "Blacc Hollywood," though the collaboration did not make the final track listing. In January 2014, Adele received her tenth Grammy Award with "Skyfall" winning Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:2015–2017: "25" and "Adele Live 2016".

paragraph: On the eve of her 26th birthday in May 2014, Adele posted a cryptic message via her Twitter account which prompted media discussion about her next album. The message, "Bye bye 25... See you again later in the year," was interpreted by some in the media, including the "Daily Mail" and Capital FM, as meaning that her next album would be titled "25" and released later in the year. In 2014, Adele was nominated for nine World Music Awards. In early August, Paul Moss suggested that an album would be released in 2014 or 2015. However, in the October 2014 accounts filed with Companies House by XL Recordings, they ruled out a 2014 release.

paragraph: On 27 August 2015, "Billboard" reported that Adele's label, XL Recordings, had intentions of releasing her third studio album sometime in November 2015. Danger Mouse was revealed to have contributed a song, while Tobias Jesso Jr. had written a track, and Ryan Tedder was "back in the mix after producing and co-writing "Rumour Has It" on "21"." At the 72nd Venice International Film Festival in early September 2015, Sia announced that her new single "Alive" was co-written by Adele, and had originally been intended for Adele's third album. On 18 October, a 30-second clip of new material from Adele was shown on UK television during a commercial break on "The X Factor". The commercial teases a snippet from a new song from her third album, with viewers hearing a voice singing accompanied by lyrics on a black screen.

paragraph: In a statement released three days later she confirmed that the album is titled "25", with Adele stating, "My last record was a break-up record, and if I had to label this one, I would call it a make-up record. Making up for lost time. Making up for everything I ever did and never did. "25" is about getting to know who I've become without realising. And I'm sorry it took so long but, you know, life happened." Adele also believes "25" will be her last album with her age as its title, believing that "25" would be the end to a trilogy. On 22 October, Adele confirmed that "25" would be released on 20 November, while the lead single from the album, "Hello" would be released on 23 October. The song was first played on Nick Grimshaw's "Radio 1 Breakfast Show" on the BBC on the morning of 23 October with Adele interviewed live. The video of "Hello", released on 22 October, was viewed over 27.7 million times on YouTube in its first 24 hours, breaking the Vevo record for the most views in a day, surpassing the 20.1 million views for "Bad Blood" by Taylor Swift. On 28 October, BBC News reported that "Hello" was being viewed on YouTube an average one million times an hour. "Hello" went on to become the fastest video to hit one billion views on YouTube, which it achieved after 88 days. The video for "Hello" captured iconic British elements such as a red telephone box and a cup of tea. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart on 30 October, with first week sales of 330,000 copies, making it the biggest-selling number one single in three years. "Hello" also debuted at number one in many countries around the world, including Australia, France, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland and Germany, and on 2 November, the song debuted at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming the first song in the US to sell at least one million downloads in a week, setting the record at 1.11 million. By the end of 2015, it had sold 12.3 million units globally and was the year's 7th best-selling single despite being released in late October.

paragraph: On 27 October, BBC One announced plans for "Adele at the BBC", a one-hour special presented by Graham Norton, in which Adele talks about her new album and performs new songs. This was her first television appearance since performing at the 2013 Academy Awards ceremony, and the show was recorded before a live audience on 2 November for broadcast on 20 November, coinciding with the release of "25". On 27 October it was also announced that Adele would appear on the US entertainment series "Saturday Night Live" on 21 November. On 30 October, Adele confirmed that she would be performing a one-night-only concert titled "Adele Live in New York City" at the Radio City Music Hall on 17 November. Subsequently, NBC aired the concert special on 14 December.

paragraph: On 27 November, "25" debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and became the fastest selling album in UK chart history with over 800,000 copies sold in its first week. The album debuted at number one in the US where it sold a record-breaking 3.38 million copies in its first week, the largest single sales week for an album since Nielsen began monitoring sales in 1991. "25" also broke first week sales records in Canada and New Zealand. "25" became the best-selling album of 2015 in a number of countries, including Australia, the UK and the US, spending seven consecutive weeks at number one in each country, before being displaced by David Bowie's "Blackstar". It was the best-selling album worldwide of 2015 with 17.4 million copies sold. "25" has since sold 20 million copies globally. Adele's seven weeks at the top of the UK Albums Chart took her total to 31 weeks at number one in the UK with her three albums, surpassing Madonna's previous record of most weeks at number one for a female act.

paragraph: In November 2015, Adele's 2016 tour was announced, her first tour since 2011. Beginning in Europe, Adele Live 2016 included four dates at the Manchester Arena in March 2016, six dates at the O2 Arena, London, with further dates in Ireland, Spain, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands among others. Her North American Tour began on 5 July in St. Paul, Minnesota. The leg included six nights at Madison Square Garden in New York City, eight nights at Staples Center in Los Angeles, and four nights at Air Canada Centre in Toronto. Adele broke Taylor Swift's five-show record for most consecutive sold-out shows at the Staples Center.

paragraph: At the 2016 Brit Awards in London on 24 February, Adele received the awards for British Female Solo Artist, British Album of the Year for "25", British Single of the Year for "Hello", and British Global Success, bringing her Brit Award wins to eight. She closed the ceremony by performing "When We Were Young", the second single from "25". Two more singles from "25" were released in 2016: "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)" and "Water Under the Bridge". While on stage at London's O2 Arena on 17 March, Adele announced that she would be headlining on the Pyramid Stage at the 2016 Glastonbury Festival, which was later confirmed by the festival's organisers. She appeared for a 90-minute fifteen song set at the festival on 25 June, and described the experience as "by far, the best moment of my life so far".

paragraph: As part of her world tour, in February and March 2017, Adele performed in Australia for the first time, playing outdoor stadiums around the country. Her first two shows in New Zealand sold out in a record-breaking 23 minutes, and a third show was announced, with all tickets sold in under 30 minutes. Adele sold over 600,000 tickets for her record-breaking eight date Australian tour, setting stadium records throughout the country; her Sydney show at ANZ Stadium on 10 March was seen by 95,000 people, the biggest single concert in Australian history, a record she broke the following night with more than 100,000 fans.

paragraph: Adele completed her world tour with two concerts, dubbed "The Finale", at Wembley Stadium, London on 28 and 29 June. She announced the shows at "the home of football" by singing the England football team's "Three Lions" anthem and also the theme song to the BBC's weekly Premier League football show "Match of the Day". Adele had added another two concerts at Wembley after the first two dates sold out, however she cancelled the last two dates of the tour after damaging her vocal cords. As a show of support, fans instead gathered outside Wembley Stadium to perform renditions of her songs, in an event titled "Sing for Adele".

paragraph: At the end of 2016, "Billboard" named Adele Artist of the Year for the third time, and also received the Top "Billboard" 200 album. "25" was the best-selling album for a second consecutive year in the US. With 160 million views, Adele's Carpool Karaoke through the streets of London with James Corden, a sketch which featured on Corden's talk show "The Late Late Show with James Corden" in January 2016, was the biggest YouTube viral video of 2016. At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2017, Adele won all five of her nominations, bringing her number of awards to fifteen. She won Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album for "25", and Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance for "Hello". She also performed a tribute to the late George Michael singing the rendition of his song "Fastlove"; due to technical difficulties which occurred during the performance, Adele decided to stop and restart, explaining "I can't mess this up for him".

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:2018–present: Upcoming fourth studio album.

paragraph: Adele was reportedly working on her fourth studio album by 2018, with an expected release date of December 2019. On 5 May 2019, the date of her 31st birthday, Adele posted several black-and-white photographs of herself celebrating her birthday along with a message on her Instagram account reflecting on the previous year. The message ended with "30 will be a drum n bass record to spite you". Outlets, including "New Musical Express", took the post as an indication that a new album would be released imminently.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Influences and favourite musicians.

paragraph: Adele has cited the Spice Girls as a major influence in regard to her love and passion for music, stating that "they made me what I am today". Adele impersonated the Spice Girls at dinner parties as a young girl. She stated she was left "heartbroken" when her favourite Spice Girl, Geri Halliwell aka "Ginger Spice", left the group. Growing up she also listened to Sinéad O'Connor, The Cure, Dusty Springfield, Celine Dion, and Annie Lennox.

paragraph: One of Adele's earliest influences was Gabrielle, who Adele has admired since the age of five. During Adele's school years, her mother made her an eye patch with sequins which she used to perform as the Hackney born star in a school talent contest. After moving to south London, she became interested in R&B artists such as Aaliyah, Destiny's Child, and Mary J. Blige. Adele says that one of the most defining moments in her life was when she watched Pink perform at Brixton Academy in London. She states: "It was the "Missundaztood" record, so I was about 13 or 14. I had never heard, being in the room, someone sing like that live [...] I remember sort of feeling like I was in a wind tunnel, her voice just hitting me. It was incredible." Adele also cites Jeff Buckley's album "Grace" as an influence, saying "I remember falling out with my best friend when I was like seven and listening to Jeff Buckley, because my mum was a huge fan. "Grace" has always been around me".

paragraph: In 2002, aged 14, Adele discovered Etta James and Ella Fitzgerald as she stumbled on the artists' CDs in the jazz section of her local music store. She was struck by their appearance on the album covers. Adele states she then "started listening to Etta James every night for an hour," and in the process was getting "to know my own voice." Adele credits Amy Winehouse and her 2003 album "Frank" for inspiring her to take up the guitar, stating, "If it wasn't for Amy and "Frank", one hundred per cent I wouldn't have picked up a guitar, I wouldn't have written "Daydreamer" or "Hometown [Glory]" and I wrote "Someone Like You" on the guitar too." She also states that her mother, who is very close to her, exposed her to the music of Aaliyah, Lauryn Hill, Mary J. Blige, and Alicia Keys, all of whom inspired her as well. She is also a fan of Lana Del Rey, Grimes, Chvrches, FKA Twigs, Alabama Shakes, Kanye West, Rihanna, Frank Ocean, and Stevie Nicks. In 2017, she described Beyoncé as a particular inspiration, calling her "my artist of my life" and added "the other artists who mean that much to me are all dead." Adele cited Madonna's album "Ray of Light" as a "chief inspiration" behind her album "25".

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Musical style.

paragraph: Adele's first album, "19", is of the soul genre, with lyrics describing heartbreak and relationship. Her success occurred simultaneously with several other British female soul singers, with the British press dubbing her a new Amy Winehouse. This was described as a third British Musical Invasion of the US. However, Adele called the comparisons between her and other female soul singers lazy, noting "we're a gender, not a genre". AllMusic wrote that "Adele is simply too magical to compare her to anyone."

paragraph: Her second album, "21", shares the folk and soul influences of her debut album, but was further inspired by the American country and Southern blues music to which she had been exposed during her 2008–09 North American tour An Evening with Adele. Composed in the aftermath of Adele's separation from her partner, the album typifies the near dormant tradition of the confessional singer-songwriter in its exploration of heartbreak, self-examination, and forgiveness. Having referred to "21" as a "break-up record", Adele labelled her third studio album, "25", a "make-up record", adding it was about "Making up for lost time. Making up for everything I ever did and never did." Her yearning for her old self, her nostalgia, and melancholy about the passage of time, is a feature of "25", with Adele stating, "I've had a lot of regrets since I turned 25. And sadness hits me in different ways than it used to. There's a lot of things I don't think I'll ever get 'round to doing."

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Voice.

paragraph: Adele is a mezzo-soprano with a range spanning from C to B. However Classic FM state she is often mistaken for a contralto due to the application of a tense chest mix to achieve her lower notes, whilst also noting that her voice becomes its clearest as she ascends the register, particularly from C to C. "Rolling Stone" reported that following throat surgery her voice had become "palpably bigger and purer-toned", and that she had added a further four notes to the top of her range. Initially, critics suggested that her vocals were more developed and intriguing than her songwriting, a sentiment with which Adele agreed. She has stated: "I taught myself how to sing by listening to Ella Fitzgerald for acrobatics and scales, Etta James for passion and Roberta Flack for control."

paragraph: Her voice has received acclaim from critics. In a review of "19", "The Observer" said, "The way she stretched the vowels, her wonderful soulful phrasing, the sheer unadulterated pleasure of her voice, stood out all the more; little doubt that she's a rare singer". BBC Music wrote, "Her melodies exude warmth, her singing is occasionally stunning and, ...she has tracks that make Lily Allen and Kate Nash sound every bit as ordinary as they are." For their reviews of "21", "The New York Times" chief music critic Jon Pareles commended Adele's emotive timbre, comparing her to Dusty Springfield, Petula Clark, and Annie Lennox: "[Adele] can seethe, sob, rasp, swoop, lilt and belt, in ways that draw more attention to the song than to the singer". Ryan Reed of "Paste" magazine regarded her voice as "a raspy, aged-beyond-its-years thing of full-blooded beauty", while MSN Music's Tom Townshend declared her "the finest singer of [our] generation".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and other ventures.

paragraph: Adele began dating charity entrepreneur and Old Etonian Simon Konecki in the summer of 2011. In June 2012, Adele announced that she and Konecki were expecting a baby. Their son Angelo was born on 19 October 2012. On the topic of becoming a parent, Adele observed that she "felt like I was truly living. I had a purpose, where before I didn't". Adele and Konecki brought a privacy case against a UK-based photo agency that published intrusive paparazzi images of their son taken during family outings in 2013. Lawyers working on their behalf accepted damages from the company in July 2014. Adele has also stated that she has suffered from postnatal depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and panic attacks.

paragraph: In early 2017, tabloids started speculating that Adele and Konecki had secretly married when they were spotted wearing matching rings on their ring fingers. During her acceptance speech at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards for Album of the Year, Adele confirmed their marriage by calling Konecki her husband when thanking him. She subsequently clarified her marital status in March 2017, telling the audience at a concert in Brisbane, Australia, "I'm married now". Adele became a stay-at-home mother. In April 2019, Adele’s representatives announced to the Associated Press that she and Konecki had separated after more than seven years together. Adele and Konecki will continue to raise their son together.

paragraph: Politically she is a supporter of the Labour Party, stating in 2011 that she was a "Labour girl through and through". In 2015, Adele stated "I'm a feminist, I believe that everyone should be treated the same, including race and sexuality". Born in the North London district of Tottenham, Adele supports local football club Tottenham Hotspur. In 2017, Adele was ranked the richest musician under 30 years old in the UK and Ireland in the "Sunday Times Rich List", which valued her wealth at £125 million. She was ranked the 19th richest musician overall. On the 2019 list she was valued at £150 million as the 22nd richest musician in the UK.

paragraph: Supportive of the LGBT community, on 12 June 2016 an emotional Adele dedicated her show in Antwerp, Belgium to the victims of the mass shooting at a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida, earlier that day, adding "The LGBTQ community, they're like my soul mates since I was really young, so I'm very moved by it." In April 2018 it was widely reported that Adele had become an ordained minister in order to officiate at close friend comedian Alan Carr's wedding to Paul Drayton, something which Adele herself subsequently confirmed. The wedding, held in January 2018, took place in the garden of her house in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.

paragraph: Adele has performed in numerous charity concerts throughout her career. In 2007 and 2008 she performed at the Little Noise Sessions held at London's Union Chapel, with proceeds from the concerts donated to Mencap which works with people with learning disabilities. In July and November 2008, Adele performed at the Keep a Child Alive Black Ball in London and New York City respectively. On 17 September 2009 she performed at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, for the VH1 "Divas" event, a concert to raise money for the Save The Music Foundation charity. On 6 December, Adele opened with a 40-minute set at John Mayer's 2nd Annual Holiday Charity Revue held at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles. In 2011, Adele gave a free concert for Pride London, a registered charity which arranges LGBT events in London. The same year, Adele took part in the UK charity telethon Comic Relief for Red Nose Day 2011, performing "Someone like You".

paragraph: Adele has been a major contributor to MusiCares, a charity organisation founded by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences for musicians in need. In February 2009, Adele performed at the 2009 MusiCares charity concert in Los Angeles. In 2011 and 2012, Adele donated autographed items for auctions to support MusiCares. Adele required all backstage visitors to the North American leg of her Adele Live tour to donate a minimum charitable contribution of US$20 for the UK charity SANDS, an organisation dedicated to "supporting anyone affected by the death of a baby and promoting research to reduce the loss of babies' lives".

paragraph: On 15 June 2017, Adele attended a vigil in west London for the victims of the Grenfell Tower fire where, keeping a low profile, she was only spotted by a small handful of fans. Four days later she appeared at Chelsea fire station and brought cakes for the firefighters. Station manager Ben King stated "She came in, came up to the mess and had a cup of tea with the watch and then she joined us for the minute's silence." Paying tribute to the victims at her first Wembley show on 28 June, Adele encouraged fans to donate money to help the victims of the blaze rather than waste the money on "overpriced wine".

paragraph: Section::::Awards and achievements.

paragraph: At the 51st Annual Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele won awards in the categories of Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. She was also nominated in the categories of Record of the Year and Song of the Year. The success of her debut album "19" saw Adele nominated for three Brit Awards in the categories of British Female Solo Artist, British Single of the Year and British Breakthrough Act. Then British Prime Minister Gordon Brown sent a thank-you letter to Adele that stated "with the troubles that the country's in financially, you're a light at the end of the tunnel."

paragraph: Adele's second album, "21", earned her a record-tying six Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year; two Brit Awards, including British Album of the Year. The success of the album saw her receive numerous mentions in the "Guinness Book of World Records." With 21 non-consecutive weeks at number 1 in the US, Adele broke the record for the longest number-1 album by a woman in "Billboard" history, beating the record formerly held by Whitney Houston's soundtrack "". "21" spent its 23rd week at number one in March 2012, making it the longest-running album at number one since 1985, and it became the fourth best-selling album of the past 10 years in the US. The best selling album in the UK of the 21st century, and the best selling album by a female in UK chart history, "21" is also the fourth best-selling album in the UK of all time. "21" was her first album certified diamond in the US. On 6 March, "21" reached 30 non-consecutive weeks at number one on the Australian ARIA Chart, making it the longest-running number one album in Australia in the 21st century, and the second longest-running number one ever.

paragraph: In February 2012, Adele was listed at number five on VH1's 100 Greatest Women in Music. In April 2012, "Time" magazine named Adele one of the 100 most influential people in the world. "People" named her one of 2012 Most Beautiful at Every Age. On 30 April 2012, a tribute to Adele was held at New York City's (Le) Poisson Rouge called "Broadway Sings Adele", starring various Broadway actors such as Matt Doyle. In July 2012, Adele was listed at number six in "Forbes" list of the world's highest-paid celebrities under the age of 30, having earned £23 million between May 2011 and May 2012.

paragraph: On the week ending 3 March 2012, Adele became the first solo female artist to have three singles in the top 10 of the "Billboard" Hot 100 at the same time with "Rolling in the Deep", "Someone Like You", and "Set Fire to the Rain" as well as the first female artist to have two albums in the top 5 of the "Billboard" 200 and two singles in the top 5 of the "Billboard" Hot 100 simultaneously. Adele topped the 2012 "Sunday Times Rich List" of musicians in the UK under 30 and made the Top 10 of "Billboard" magazine's "Top 40 Money Makers". "Billboard" also announced the same day that Adele's "Rolling in the Deep" is the biggest crossover hit of the past 25 years, topping pop, adult pop and adult contemporary charts and that Adele is one of four female artists to have an album chart at number one for more than 13 weeks (the other three artists being Judy Garland, Carole King, and Whitney Houston).

paragraph: At the 2012 Ivor Novello Awards in May, Adele was named Songwriter of the Year, and "Rolling in the Deep" won the award for Most Performed Work of 2011. At the 2012 BMI Awards held in London in October, Adele won Song of the Year (for "Rolling in the Deep") in recognition of the song being the most played on US television and radio in 2011. In 2013, Adele won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for the James Bond theme "Skyfall". This is the first James Bond song to win and the fifth to be nominated (after "For Your Eyes Only" (1981), "Nobody Does It Better" (1977), "Live and Let Die" (1973), and "The Look of Love" (1967)). "Skyfall" won the Brit Award for Best British Single at the 2013 Brit Awards.

paragraph: In June 2013, Adele was appointed a MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours list for services to music, and she received the award from Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace on 19 December 2013. In February 2013, she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by "Woman's Hour" on BBC Radio 4. In April 2016, Adele appeared for the second time on the "Time" 100 list of most influential people.

paragraph: In 2014, Adele was already being regarded as a British cultural icon, with young adults from abroad naming her among a group of people that they most associated with UK culture, which included William Shakespeare, Queen Elizabeth II, David Beckham, J. K. Rowling, The Beatles, Charlie Chaplin and Elton John.

paragraph: Released in 2015, Adele's third album, "25", became the year's best-selling album and broke first week sales records in a number of markets, including the UK and the US. "25" was her second album to be certified diamond in the US and earned her five Grammy Awards, including her second Grammy Award for Album of the Year, and four Brit Awards for British Female Solo Artist, British Album of the Year, British Single of the Year for "Hello", and British Global Success. Adele's seven weeks at the top of the UK Albums Chart took her total to 31 weeks at number one in the UK with her three albums, surpassing Madonna's previous record of most weeks at number one for a female act in the UK. The lead single, "Hello", became the first song in the US to sell over one million digital copies within a week of its release. At the 2016 Ivor Novello Awards Adele was named Songwriter of the Year by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "19" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "21" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "25" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Concert tours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An Evening with Adele (2008–09)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adele Live (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adele Live 2016 (2016–17)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of one-word stage names

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorific nicknames in popular music

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Billboard Social 50 number-one artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of artists who reached number one in the United States

alias:
Adele Adkins
Adele Laurie Blue Adkins

description: British singer-songwriter

enwikiquote_title: Adele (singer)

wikidata_label: Adele

wikipedia_title: Adele


text:
Swedish
footballer
Malmö FF
European Champions Cup
Nottingham Forest F.C.
Sweden national football team
1978 FIFA World Cup

wikipedia_title:
Sweden
Association football
Malmö FF
UEFA Champions League
Nottingham Forest F.C.
Sweden national football team
1978 FIFA World Cup

categories: 1978 FIFA World Cup players,Sweden international footballers,Association football defenders,1958 births,Swedish footballers,Malmö FF players,Living people

paragraph: Magnus Andersson (footballer, born 1958)

paragraph: Magnus Andersson (born 23 April 1958) is a former Swedish footballer.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Andersson played for Malmö FF in the 1970s and the 1980s. He played in the European Champions Cup final in 1979 against Nottingham Forest F.C. and was a member of the Sweden national football team in the 1978 FIFA World Cup.

description: Swedish footballer born 1958

wikidata_label: Magnus Andersson


text:
Trencavel
viscounts of Béziers
Albigensian Crusade
Raymond Roger
Carcassonne
Simon de Montfort
Pézenas
Tourbes
solidi
Minerve
Arnaud Amalric
Fulk of Toulouse
Peter II of Aragon
Raymond VII of Toulouse
Alet
King Louis VIII
Limoux
count of Foix
Treaty of Paris
Foix
Aragon
Catalonia
Louis IX
Seventh Crusade

wikipedia_title: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester

categories: People of the Albigensian Crusade,Viscounts of Albi,Viscounts of Carcassonne,Viscounts of Béziers,1207 births,1265 deaths,Viscounts of Razès,Trencavel

paragraph: Raymond II Trencavel

paragraph: Raymond II Trencavel (also spelled Raimond; 1207 – 1263/1267) was the last ruler of the branch of the Trencavel viscounts of Béziers. His entire life was occupied by efforts to reverse the downfall the Trencavel had experienced during the Albigensian Crusade, but he ultimately failed.

paragraph: Raymond was only two years old when his father, Raymond Roger, died in prison on 10 November 1209. He would have automatically inherited the viscounties of Béziers, Carcassonne, Albi, and Razès, but Carcassone was granted to Simon de Montfort immediately after Raymond Roger's death and Albi was granted to him in June 1210. On 25 November 1209, Agnes, Raymond's mother and guardian, relinquished her dowry in the Pézenas and Tourbes, which would have gone to Raymond, to Simon in exchange for a pension of 3,000 "solidi" annually and compensation of 25,000 "solidi" for her dowry, to be made in four annual payments. When Raymond was only three, his mother negotiated the surrender of all his remaining lands and titles at the siege of Minerve on 11 June 1210. The surrender was made in the presence of Arnaud Amalric, Fulk of Toulouse, and Berengar of Barcelona and confirmed by the Council of Narbonne in January 1211. Until the formal act of the council, the overlord of the Trencavel viscounties, Peter II of Aragon, had refused to recognise Simon's takeover.

paragraph: Raymond's youth after his surrender of his hereditary offices and lands was spent in the care of Raymond Roger of Foix and his successor, Roger Bernard II of Foix. In 1224, when after a general rebellion Amaury VI of Montfort ceded his rights over Raymond's former lands to the Crown, Carcassonne was reconquered by Roger Bernard and Raymond VII of Toulouse, who bestowed it (and Béziers according to one charter) on Raymond Trencavel, now of age. During the next two years as viscount, Raymond removed Guy des Vaux-de-Cernay from the diocese of Carcassonne and replaced him with Berengar Raymond, and he restored the abbot Alet, Boso, who had been deposed by a papal legation in 1222. Raymond's attitude towards the Church in the Carcassès is indicative of the Crusaders' disdain for the local clergy and the way in which the local nobility persecuted by the Crusade came to the support of the persecuted clergy. Raymond could not hold the town against King Louis VIII in 1226, however, and he was again dispossessed. His loss was less formal the second time and he continued to employ his title and act in his capacity as viscount into 1227. At that time he had achieved his majority and was even granting property to his former guardian, the count of Foix.

paragraph: Raymond continued to rule Limoux as a vassal of the count of Foix until the Treaty of Paris of 12 April 1229, when all formerly Trencavel lands were surrendered to the French crown. After that he went into exile, probably to either the court of Foix, Aragon, or Catalonia. In 1240 he made an attack on Carcassonne in an attempt to retake it. But though he had the help of Olivier de Termes and besieged the city from 17 September until 11 October, a royal army forced him to relent and flee to Montréal, where he was himself besieged. He escaped and went into exile again until 1247, when he finally surrendered to Louis IX and symbolically broke his vicecomital seals. Raymond was allowed to continue to rule Limoux, where he was in power as late as 1263. He took part in the Seventh Crusade in 1248. He left a wife and two sons, Roger and Raymond Roger, who succeeded him, but their history and that of all subsequent Trencavels is obscure in the extreme. Raymond was dead by 1267, when his son is first recorded as "of Béziers", the family name.

paragraph: Throughout his life and career after his surrender in 1210, Raymond always called himself simply "Trencavel" in his own charters, a practice not thitherto common in his family. The name Trencavel had been reserved for members named Raymond and it appears that Raymond II preferred it to his given name, or desired to assert his familial connexions through its preeminence.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Graham-Leigh, Elaine. "The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade". Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trencavel de Béziers at Medieval Lands Project

description: occitan noble

wikidata_label: Raymond II Trencavel

wikipedia_title: Raymond II Trencavel


text:
Australia
World War I
rugby union
Wallabies
Condobolin, New South Wales
Newington College
Australia national rugby union squad
Athletic Park (Wellington)
New Zealand
All Blacks
AIF
13th Battalion (Australia)
Landing at Anzac Cove
Gallipoli
Manly Club
Western Front
Battle of Amiens
British War Medal
Howell, Max

wikipedia_title:
Australia
World War I
Rugby union
Australia national rugby union team
Condobolin
Newington College
Australia national rugby union team
Athletic Park, Wellington
New Zealand national rugby union team
New Zealand national rugby union team
First Australian Imperial Force
13th Battalion (Australia)
Landing at Anzac Cove
Gallipoli campaign
Manly RUFC
Western Front (World War I)
Battle of Amiens (1918)
British War Medal
Max Howell (educator)

categories: Australian military personnel killed in World War I,People educated at Newington College,Australian rugby union players,Australian military personnel of World War I,Australian soldiers,1892 births,1918 deaths

paragraph: William Tasker

paragraph: William George "Twit" Tasker (15 October 1891 – 9 August 1918) was an Australian World War I soldier who had been a national representative rugby union player making six Test appearances for the Wallabies.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Condobolin, New South Wales, Tasker attended Newington College from (1906–1911). He captained the Newington First XV in 1911 and was selected in and captained the GPS Schools representative 1st XV in 1911. He stayed in Sydney after completing his schooling becoming a bank clerk whilst pursuing a rugby career.

paragraph: Section::::Rugby career.

paragraph: He debuted for the Newtown Rugby Club in Sydney in 1912 and that same year at age 20 he captained the club's first-grade side.

paragraph: He was selected in the Australia national rugby union squad which toured North America in 1912 though he did not play a Test. The squad was overwhelmed with hospitality and lacking strong management they reveled in the social life and undergraduate antics of the college fraternity houses in which they were billeted. In what must be the worst record of any Australian touring team, the squad lost all of their Canadian matches amongst five defeats. Tasker was the first Wallaby ever to be sent from the field. An incident occurred on the 1912 tour of the United States when Tasker's rough play upset an American referee.

paragraph: Tasker made his Test debut at Athletic Park (Wellington) on the 1913 tour of New Zealand and played in all three Tests of that tour. The following year he made three further Test appearances when the All Blacks toured Australia in a return series.

paragraph: Section::::War service.

paragraph: Tasker enlisted in the AIF in January 1915, a Gunner in the 12th Field Artillery Brigade, 13th Battalion (Australia). He took part in the Landing at Anzac Cove, landing late on 25 April 1915. From May to August, the 13th battalion was heavily involved in establishing and defending the ANZAC front lines. Tasker was severely wounded at Quinn's Post at Gallipoli with shell fragment damage to his legs and ankle. He was invalided back to Australia. A rugby colleague also at Gallipoli, H.A Mitchell of the Manly Club wrote home of Tasker's injuries ""A bomb loaded up Tasker's leg and ankle up with about 17 pieces of shot. It will be sometime before he can do any of that sidestepping he used to do"". In 1916 he re-enlisted with the 116th Howitzer Battery and he again embarked from Sydney on board "HMAT A60 Aeneas" on 30 September. He saw further action on the Western Front and was twice wounded before his death from wounds at Harbonnieres on the second day of the Battle of Amiens just three months before war's end. He is buried at the Villers-Bretonneux Military Cemetery.

paragraph: The sporting journal 'The Referee' reported:

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British War Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victory Medal

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of international rugby union players killed in action during the First World War

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collection (1995) "Gordon Bray presents The Spirit of Rugby", Harper Collins Publishers Sydney

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howell, Max (2005) "Born to Lead - Wallaby Test Captains", Celebrity Books, Auckland NZ

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zavos, Spiro (2000) "Golden Wallabies - The Story of Australia's Rugby World Champions", Penguin Books, Ringwood, Victoria

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Twit Tasker at the AIF Project

description: Australian rugby union player

wikidata_label: William Tasker

wikipedia_title: William Tasker


text:
Geological Survey of Victoria
Baragwanathia
land plant
geology
Victoria
Presbyterian Church
Flemington
Ballarat School of Mines

paragraph: William Baragwanath

paragraph: William Baragwanath (1878–1966) was an Australian surveyor, geologist and public servant. In 1922 he was appointed director of the Geological Survey of Victoria, and in 1932 Secretary for Mines. He discovered fossils of "Baragwanathia", a genus of extinct plants named in his honour, which at the time was the most ancient land plant known. He was exceptionally knowledgeable about the geology of the Australian state of Victoria.

paragraph: Baragwanath married Clara Ethel, née Jones, on 9 May 1900 at a Presbyterian Church in Flemington. Together they had nine children; seven girls and two boys. He earned his degree at the Ballarat School of Mines.

description: Australian geologist

wikidata_label: William Baragwanath

wikipedia_title: William Baragwanath


text:
Kiliaen van Rensselaer
Manor of Rensselaerswyck
Kiliaen van Rensselaer
diamond
pearl
Amsterdam
Dutch West India Company
New Netherland
Manor of Rensselaerswyck
Johan van Rensselaer
coat of arms
Beverwyck
Amsterdam
Jeremias van Rensselaer

categories: 1629 births,Van Rensselaer family,American people of Dutch descent,1678 deaths,People of New Netherland

paragraph: Jan Baptist van Rensselaer

paragraph: Jan Baptist van Rensselaer (Amsterdam 18 March 1629–Amsterdam, 24 October 1678) was the second son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the first Patroon of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Jan Baptist van Rensselaer was born in Amsterdam. He was the second son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer (1586–1643), and his first son by his second wife, Anna van Wely (c. 1601–1670). His father was a successful diamond and pearl merchant from Amsterdam who was one of the founders and directors of the Dutch West India Company, instrumental in the establishment of New Netherland.

paragraph: Section::::Manor of Rensselaerswyck.

paragraph: In the spring of 1651, Jan Baptist sailed from Amsterdam on the "Gelderse Blom" (Gelderland Flower). With him travelled twelve employees hired by the Patroon, recruited from places where the Van Rensselaers had other interests. Jan Baptist was the first Van Rensselaer to visit the colony.

paragraph: In May 1652, he was appointed Director of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck representing his brother Johan van Rensselaer (1625–1663), the second Patroon. During his residence on the estate, he lived in a style befitting his position, having brought furniture, silverware, and other personal property of much value from Holland, including portraits of the members of the van Rensselaer family. In 1656, he provided the window pane representing the van Rensselaer coat of arms in the Dutch Church of Beverwyck . Not long afterward he returned to Holland, becoming one of the leading merchants of Amsterdam.

paragraph: When he returned to Holland in 1658, he was succeeded as Director of the Manor by his brother Jeremias van Rensselaer.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Jan Baptist married Susanna van Wely, and together they had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kiliaen van Rensselaer, who died without issue.

paragraph: Van Rensselaer died in Amsterdam, Holland, October 24, 1678

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

description: Dutch colonial governor

wikidata_label: Jan Baptist van Rensselaer

wikipedia_title: Jan Baptist van Rensselaer


text: Air Vice Marshal

text: CB

text: CBE

text: Royal Australian Air Force

text: Air Board

text: airworthiness

text: Royal Australian Navy

text: Papua New Guinea

text: wing commander

text: air commodore

text: Companion of the Order of the Bath

text: Trans Australia Airlines

text: Lawrence James Wackett

text: Punch

text: Townsville

text: Royal Australian Naval College

text: Jervis Bay

text: midshipman

text: Royal Navy

text: HMS "Monarch"

text: HMAS "Brisbane"

text: HMAS "Australia"

text: sub-lieutenant

text: Royal Naval Engineering College

text: Keyham

text: Royal Australian Air Force

text: Salisbury Plain

text: post-graduate

text: aeronautics

text: flying officer

text: RAAF Station Richmond

text: Airco DH.9

text: Chief of the Air Staff

text: Richard Williams

text: Frederick Scherger

text: Essendon

text: flight lieutenant

text: RAAF Station Laverton

text: Supermarine Seagull III

text: Papuan

text: New Guinea

text: Aitape

text: Bougainville

text: Melbourne

text: RAF Staff College, Andover

text: squadron leader

text: wing commander

text: Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation

text: group captain

text: motion sickness

text: decompression

text: hypoxia

text: New Year Honours

text: de Havilland Australia

text: John Curtin

text: air commodore

text: Air Board

text: CAC Wirraway

text: Avro Anson

text: Lockheed Hudson

text: Supermarine Spitfire

text: P-51 Mustang

text: de Havilland Mosquito

text: B-24 Liberator

text: George Jones

text: CAC Winjeel

text: CAC Sabre

text: GAF Canberra

text: Joe Hewitt

text: Air Member for Personnel

text: RAAF Station Wagga

text: airworthiness

text: air vice marshal

text: King's Birthday Honours

text: Melbourne Technical College

text: pilot officer

text: CSIRO

text: Government Aircraft Factories

text: University of Sydney

text: Companion of the Order of the Bath

text: Trans Australia Airlines

text: Jet Age

text: Boeing 727

text: Douglas DC-9

text: Royal Aeronautical Society

text: angling

text: Warracknabeal

text: General Dynamics F-111

text: Ernie Hey

text: James Rowland

text: Robert Menzies

text: Sir Donald Hardman

categories: 1901 births,Royal Australian Air Force air marshals,Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II,1984 deaths,People from Townsville,Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society,Australian aviators,Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath,Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: Ellis Wackett

paragraph: Air Vice Marshal Ellis Charles Wackett, CB, CBE (13 August 1901 – 3 August 1984) was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). Its chief engineer from 1935 to 1959, he served on the RAAF's controlling body, the Air Board, for a record seventeen years, and has been credited with infusing operations with new standards of airworthiness. Commencing his service career as a Royal Australian Navy cadet during World War I, Wackett transferred to the Air Force in 1923 while on an engineering course in Britain. He qualified as a pilot before completing his studies and returning to Australia, where he inaugurated parachute instruction within the RAAF and made the country's first freefall descent from a military aircraft in 1926. The following year, he led a three-month survey flight to Papua New Guinea.

paragraph: Wackett became the RAAF's senior engineer with his appointment as Director of Technical Services in 1935. A wing commander at the outbreak of World War II, he rose to air commodore by 1942 and assumed the role of Air Member for Engineering and Maintenance. He established the Technical Branch as a separate department of the RAAF in 1948, and was promoted to air vice marshal the same year. Wackett served as Air Member for Technical Services until leaving the military in 1959, having been appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire and Companion of the Order of the Bath. From 1960 to 1968, he was a member of the Australian National Airlines Commission, parent of Trans Australia Airlines. Generally known as "Wack", or "EC" (to distinguish him from his elder brother, aircraft designer Lawrence James Wackett or "LJ"), his prominent chin and nose also earned him the nickname "Punch". He died in 1984, aged 83.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Born on 13 August 1901 in Townsville, Queensland, Ellis Wackett was the third and youngest child of James, an English-born storekeeper, and Alice Wackett (née Lawrence). Following schooling in Townsville, he entered the Royal Australian Naval College at Jervis Bay, New South Wales, in 1914, aged thirteen. Graduating in 1918, he served as a midshipman aboard the Royal Navy battleship HMS "Monarch" and battlecruiser , and later the RAN light cruiser HMAS "Brisbane" and battlecruiser HMAS "Australia". He was commissioned a sub-lieutenant in January 1921, and posted to England for study in July. Wackett was at the Royal Naval Engineering College, Keyham, when he applied to join the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in 1922. Accepted by the Air Force the following year, he finished at Keyham in August and trained as a pilot on Salisbury Plain. He then took a one-year post-graduate course in aeronautics at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, before returning to Australia to take up his service as a flying officer with the RAAF.

paragraph: Wackett's first role was to establish parachute instruction within the Air Force. His trip home from England had been postponed at the last minute to enable him to be trained; he began instructing volunteers in 1926 at RAAF Station Richmond, New South Wales, and made Australia's first freefall descent from a military aircraft—an Airco DH.9—on 26 May. The Chief of the Air Staff, Group Captain Richard Williams, himself made a successful jump on 5 August, to set "a good example" prior to making the wearing of parachutes compulsory for all aircrew. On 21 August, Wackett piloted the DH.9 from which Flying Officer Frederick Scherger made the first public display of parachuting in Australia, at Essendon, Victoria.

paragraph: By August 1927, Wackett had been promoted flight lieutenant and given command of the Papuan Survey Flight formed at RAAF Station Laverton, Victoria. Consisting of two Supermarine Seagull III single-engined amphibious biplanes and six aircrew, the flight was to examine and photograph the Papuan and New Guinean coasts as far north as Aitape and, if possible, Bougainville. Stripped of all equipment considered non-essential—including radio sets—to increase range, the aircraft departed on 27 September and journeyed some , covering almost of country and taking 350 photos. Wackett's machine (serial A9-5) returned to Melbourne on 26 December and the other (A9–6) on 19 January 1928. Inclement weather prevented the expedition from reaching Bougainville, and thick jungle cover limited the usefulness of its photographic record. Nevertheless, the Air Force learned valuable lessons concerning the Seagull's capabilities in a potential wartime role, as it was found to be unsuited to operations in the tropics.

paragraph: On 14 August 1928, Wackett married Doreen Dove; they had two sons and a daughter. In 1933, Wackett was posted to England to attend RAF Staff College, Andover. Returning to Australia, he was promoted squadron leader and became Director of Technical Services, an organisation within the RAAF's Supply Branch, in May 1935; the appointment made Wackett the Air Force's senior engineer. The same year, he took charge of the Resources Committee for Electrical Equipment, Scientific and Optical Instruments, one of several subcommittees on the federal government's Defence Resources Board set up to investigate and report on the readiness of Australian industry to provide munitions for defence in the event of international conflict.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: Ranked wing commander at the outbreak of World War II, Wackett immediately faced major supply challenges in his role as Director of Technical Services. Spare parts for the RAAF's mainly British-built equipment were now in short supply, a fact complicated by the infancy of the local aircraft industry and a US arms embargo. His directorate made whatever use it could of civilian repair facilities, setting up central recovery depots to salvage spares from damaged aircraft and other equipment. He also drew on the advice and support of his brother Lawrence, who had established the RAAF's technical services organisation in the 1920s and now, having retired from the Air Force, headed the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation (CAC). By late 1940, Wackett had been promoted temporary group captain, and joined the Flying Personnel Research Committee. Its members, drawn from the aviation, medical, scientific and technical disciplines, were to study and report upon such factors as aircrew safety, comfort, fatigue, survival, motion sickness, decompression and hypoxia.

paragraph: Wackett was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1941 New Year Honours. In June, he became the RAAF's representative on the federal Aircraft Advisory Committee, set up to assist the Director-General of Aircraft Production. As well as members from governmental and scientific bodies, the committee included delegates from aircraft manufacturers such as de Havilland Australia and CAC, with Lawrence Wackett acting as Chief Technical Advisor. Later that year, the two brothers joined various academics on the newly formed Australian Council for Aeronautics, established by Prime Minister John Curtin to advise government, educational and scientific organisations on technical developments in the aircraft industry.

paragraph: Raised to air commodore, Wackett was appointed Air Member for Engineering and Maintenance (AME) on 4 June 1942. As AME, he sat on the Air Board, the RAAF's controlling body, which consisted of its most senior officers and was chaired by the Chief of the Air Staff. His new position had been created to replace that of the Director-General of Supply and Production, a civilian post. Wackett would serve on the Air Board for the next seventeen years, a record tenure for the RAAF, his experience and intellect making him, in the words of Air Force historian Alan Stephens, "singularly adept at bringing a committee around to his point of view". During the war, the Air Board oversaw expansion from a complement in 1939 of 246 obsolescent machines such as CAC Wirraways, Avro Ansons and Lockheed Hudsons, to a strength in 1945 of 5,620 sophisticated aircraft including Supermarine Spitfires, P-51 Mustangs, de Havilland Mosquitoes and B-24 Liberators; to support this force, the RAAF had provided all-through training for 18,000 technical staff, and further education for 35,000 more schooled initially outside the service.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war career.

paragraph: Following the end of the war, Wackett contributed to "Plan D", the blueprint for restructuring the RAAF sponsored by the Chief of the Air Staff, Air Vice Marshal George Jones. A major facet of Plan D, adopted in June 1947, was its encouragement of local industry to design and build military trainers and produce more sophisticated combat aircraft under licence from overseas manufacturers. This policy eventually led to the CAC Winjeel basic trainer and Australian co-partnership in production of the CAC Sabre jet fighter and GAF Canberra jet bomber. Wackett also supported Air Vice Marshal Joe Hewitt, the Air Member for Personnel, in fostering apprenticeships as part of what Stephens considered the "education revolution" that took place in the RAAF during the late 1940s and early 1950s. The Apprentice Training Scheme, designed to raise the standard of technical roles in the Air Force, opened early in 1948 at the Ground Training School in RAAF Station Wagga, New South Wales, to provide education and technical training for youths aged fifteen to seventeen. By 1952, it had been renamed the RAAF School of Technical Training.

paragraph: Wackett played a key role in establishing technical services as a distinct department within the RAAF, rather than forming part of the Supply Branch as in previous years. Mindful of the increasing responsibility that was being placed on scientific and technical resources in the modern Air Force, he had raised the question of a specialist engineering branch immediately after the war, and in March 1946 gained broad approval for its establishment. After eighteen months of work defining its scope and responsibilities, the Technical Branch was formed under Wackett's leadership on 23 September 1948, his goals being "to support the operational power of the RAAF by providing the most efficient technical organisation possible" and "to increase the effectiveness of air power through technical development". This in turn led to a separate "list" of engineering personnel, as opposed to the earlier Technical List subgroup under the General Duties Branch.

paragraph: For flexibility, and to ensure that the flying and engineering branches had a better appreciation of their respective operations, Wackett supported the practice of some general duties officers continuing to perform engineering work, and as many technical officers as possible receiving secondary training as aircrew. He was disappointed, however, by the limits imposed by the Air Board on career advancement for his personnel. While the General Duties Branch in the late 1940s was permitted to maintain thirty-seven officer positions of group captain and above, the Technical Branch was only allowed fourteen such slots, though both departments had an almost identical overall strength of just under 400 staff. This anomaly led Wackett to submit a dissenting report on the subject to the Air Board, one of the few occasions a board member exercised his right to such a protest. His new organisation caused some other tensions in the RAAF: new airworthiness considerations frustrated pilots who found their flying time restricted by the introduction of more rigorous maintenance procedures; supply officers feared being "outshone" by the new status accorded to engineers; and so-called "black handers"—old-school technical officers who had risen through the ranks—regarded with disdain the prospect of an influx of "silly young blokes with degrees".

paragraph: Wackett had been promoted temporary air vice marshal on 1 January 1947; this rank was made substantive following the formation of the Technical Branch. On 31 October 1949, his title was changed from Air Member for Equipment and Maintenance to Air Member for Technical Services (AMTS), in which capacity he would serve until his retirement from the RAAF in 1959. Appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1951 King's Birthday Honours, Wackett again worked closely with Air Vice Marshal Hewitt, now the Air Member for Supply and Equipment, to introduce the concept of acquiring spare parts based on "life-of-type", whereby the forecast number and type of spares necessary for an aircraft's projected service life would be ordered when it was first deployed, to reduce costs and delivery time.

paragraph: In 1953, Wackett established advanced diploma training for twenty-five airmen annually at Melbourne Technical College, the graduates receiving commissions as pilot officers. He also began recruiting university-qualified engineers to the Technical Branch, and put in place formal relationships with such bodies as CSIRO, the Council of Aeronautics (of which he was a member), Aeronautical Research Laboratories, and local aircraft manufacturers de Havilland Australia, Government Aircraft Factories, and CAC. He further initiated RAAF sponsorship of a chair of aeronautics at the University of Sydney. Wackett was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1957 New Years Honours. Two years later, his wife Doreen was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for her service as Vice President and, from 1948, President of the RAAF Women's Association.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and legacy.

paragraph: When Wackett left the Air Force on 31 December 1959, he was its longest-serving officer. The next year he joined the Australian National Airlines Commission (ANAC), the controlling body of the federal government's domestic carrier, Trans Australia Airlines (TAA). He rose to the Vice Chairmanship of ANAC before retiring in 1968. During his term on the commission, Wackett witnessed the arrival of the Jet Age on domestic air routes; TAA took delivery of its first Boeing 727 in 1964, and its first Douglas DC-9 in 1967. He was also elected a fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Like his brother Lawrence, who wrote two books on the subject, Ellis Wackett's chief hobby was angling. He died in Warracknabeal, Victoria, on 3 August 1984; his wife predeceased him in 1975.

paragraph: For his commitment to the concept of airworthiness, as an attitude to quality and professionalism that went beyond simply whether aircraft were fit to fly or not, Wackett was described in the official history of the post-war Air Force as among the "outstanding officers of the post-war era". The establishment of a dedicated Technical Branch, which he founded in 1948, was a key factor in the RAAF developing the ability to successfully manage the maintenance and upgrade of such highly sophisticated aircraft as the General Dynamics F-111. Wackett's 17-year tenure on the Air Board, which was dissolved in 1976, remained the longest of any officer in the RAAF. He was followed by a series of leaders of the Technical Branch (renamed Engineering Branch in 1966) who shared his vision, including Air Vice Marshals Ernie Hey (1960–1972) and James Rowland (1972–75). Wackett was among those considered as possible successors to Air Marshal George Jones as Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) when the latter was retired in 1952, but Prime Minister Robert Menzies' federal government chose an RAF officer for the role, Air Marshal Sir Donald Hardman. In any case, Air Force regulations at that time stipulated that appointees had to belong to the RAAF's General Duties (Aircrew) Branch. In 1975, Air Marshal Rowland was appointed as CAS, though he had to transfer from Engineering to General Duties before this could be formalised. The following year, the requirement for CAS to be a member of the General Duties Branch was removed.

alias:
Wack Wackett
EC Wackett

description: Royal Australian Air Force senior engineer

wikidata_label: Ellis Wackett

wikipedia_title: Ellis Wackett


text: Titusville, Pennsylvania

text: film

text: documentarian

text: Poland

text: Soviet Union

text: Nazi Germany

text: Invasion of Poland

text: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

text: American Field Service

text: World War I

text: Princeton University

text: Union Theological Seminary

text: YMCA

text: Brooklyn, NY

text: ERPI

text: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

text: Caucasus

text: Georgia

text: Soviet Union

text: Poland

text: Netherlands

text: Carnegie Hall

text: Warsaw

text: Warsaw

text: Leica

text: Bell & Howell

text: Stefan Starzynski

text: Siege of Warsaw

text: terror bombing

text: Luftwaffe

text: Polish Radio

text: Franklin Delano Roosevelt

text: East Prussia

text: Königsberg

text: Life magazine

text: Look Magazine

text: Siege

text: RKO Radio Pictures

text: Academy Award

text: Best Short Subject, One-reel

text: State Department

text: UNRRA

text: kodachrome

text: recently destroyed Gdańsk

text: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

text: Library of Congress

text: Steven Spielberg

text: National Film Registry

text: Librarian of Congress

text: Jack Recknitz

text: Biography of Julien Bryan

text: The Nation

text: Internet Archive

text: Bryan's films held by the USHMM

text: The Julien Hequembourg Bryan papers

text: Hoover Institution Library and Archives

categories: 1974 deaths,1899 births,American Presbyterians,American photojournalists,Princeton University alumni,Articles containing video clips,Union Theological Seminary (New York City) alumni,American documentary filmmakers,People from Titusville, Pennsylvania

paragraph: Julien Bryan

paragraph: Julien Hequembourg Bryan (23 May 1899 in Titusville, Pennsylvania – 20 October 1974) was an American photographer, filmmaker, and documentarian. He is best known for documenting the daily life in Poland, Soviet Union, and Nazi Germany between 1935 and 1939.

paragraph: He was honored with „" ("Merit for Polish culture") during his last visit in Poland (1974) for showing the truth about the Invasion of Poland.

paragraph: His documentary "Siege" reported on Poland's defense of its capital against Nazi Germany. Its outtakes are stored and online at the Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Before World War II.

paragraph: Bryan was a son of an elder in the Presbyterian Church with a long missionary tradition.

paragraph: At seventeen after graduating from high school, he volunteered to serve American Field Service for the French Army in World War I, driving an ambulance in Verdun and the Argonne, and wrote a book "" about this experience illustrated by his photographs

paragraph: He graduated from Princeton University in 1921 and finished Union Theological Seminary, though he chose not to be ordained as a minister. Afterwards he directed YMCA in Brooklyn, NY

paragraph: At this time Bryan started traveling abroad taking photographs, making films and writing travelogues along the way. He funded his travels by giving slideshow lectures about countries he visited and by selling his films to various companies including ERPI. Many of the films from those travels can be found in United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive. Those human-interest movies chronicle travels through China, Caucasus and Georgia (1933), Soviet Union (1930 and 1935), Poland (1936), Germany (1937), Switzerland and the Netherlands (1939). His films and photographs from Nazi Germany chronicled party rallies, daily life on the streets, anti-Jewish propaganda and Nazi leaders. They were incorporated into two ’’March of Time’’ films. His slide lectures were held in concert halls including Carnegie Hall.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: Bryan learned about the German invasion of Poland on September 3 while traveling by train to Warsaw. He arrived in Warsaw on September 7 carrying his Leica still camera, Bell & Howell movie camera and 6000 feet of film, just as all foreigners, diplomats and government official were fleeing the capital. He contacted mayor of Warsaw Stefan Starzynski who provided him with a car, guide and interpreter Stefan Radlinski and permit to travel and photograph across Warsaw. In two weeks between September 7 and September 21, he managed to take hundreds of still photographs and 5000 feet of motion picture film documenting the Siege of Warsaw and the terror bombing of the city by German Luftwaffe. He recalled:

paragraph: In 2009, the grown-up girl, Kazimiera Mika, spoke about the event and said she was 12 at the time. They had first reunited in 1958, when Bryan returned to Warsaw.

paragraph: Bryan is credited as the only foreign journalist in Warsaw at that time. Through Polish Radio he also made an appeal to the American president Franklin Delano Roosevelt to help civilians targeted by enemy bombers. During his stay in Warsaw he lived in the abandoned Consulate of the United States.

paragraph: He left Warsaw on September 21 after Germans declared a cease-fire to allow citizens of neutral countries to depart by train through East Prussia. In Königsberg fearing confiscation of his material he decided to smuggle out his already developed films. He managed to hide some of his films in souvenir gas mask containers collected by fellow traveler from US, by one account he hid some movies by wrapping them around his torso.

paragraph: After arriving in New York in the fall of 1939 Bryan published some of his photographs. Life magazine printed 15 of his images in the October 23 issue and Look Magazine published another 26 in the December 5 issue. Bryan produced in 1940 as a short documentary film "Siege", released by RKO Radio Pictures. and wrote a book with the same title. The film was nominated for an Academy Award the following year for Best Short Subject, One-reel.

paragraph: In 1940 Bryan was hired by the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA) to make a series of 23 educational movies on Latin American culture and customs. Afterwards State Department hired him to create another five movies about US.

paragraph: Section::::After World War II.

paragraph: Julien Bryan returned to Poland in 1946. As part of an official UNRRA delegation he revisited Gdańsk and Warsaw. His kodachrome footage of recently destroyed Gdańsk is probably the first post-war film shot in that city.

paragraph: In 1958 he revisited Poland and published hundred of his 1939 photographs from Warsaw. Working with daily newspaper "Express Wieczorny" they launched a big campaign, with a page of the 1939 pictures in each issue, and the words: "Do you recognize yourself, your relatives, your house and street? The Express is helping American photographer Julien Bryan to find the heroes of his film from besieged Warsaw in 1939." Readers who recognized anything in his pictures were asked to come to the newspaper's offices with that information. That way he met and recorded stories of many people in his photographs. He wrote about his experiences in "Warsaw: 1939 siege, 1959 Warsaw Revisited" published in 1959 in Poland.

paragraph: In 1945, Bryan started International Film Foundation (IFF) and for the remainder of his career he made short documentary films for the school market. Son Sam Bryan joined IFF in 1960. Bryan died in 1974, just two months after receiving a medal from the Polish government for his still photography. After his death IFF was operated by Sam. In 2003 Sam Bryan donated both his father's still and motion picture footage of wartime Europe to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Many of his works are currently held by the Library of Congress and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive In 2006 "" was named to the National Film Registry of the USA by the Librarian of Congress as "a unique, horrifying record of the dreadful brutality of war". It was also nominated for an Academy Award.

paragraph: His World War II experiences in Warsaw were fictionalized in the 1978 film "... Gdziekolwiek jesteś Panie Prezydencie" ("Wherever you may be, Mr. President") by . The role of unnamed "American journalist" based on Julien Bryan was portrayed by Jack Recknitz.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Julien Bryan at "The Nation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (circa 1943), short documentary film about education in Latin America, at the Internet Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bryan's films held by the USHMM

paragraph: BULLET::::- Films produced and/or distributed by the International Film Foundation or Julien Bryan

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Julien Hequembourg Bryan papers are available for research at the Hoover Institution Library and Archives.

description: American photojournalist

wikidata_label: Julien Bryan

wikipedia_title: Julien Bryan