text:
Odessa
Brooklyn
Never Love a Stranger
The Dream Merchants
American film industry
sound era
A Stone for Danny Fisher
King Creole
Elvis Presley
The Carpetbaggers
Howard Hughes
Bill Lear
Harry Cohn
Louis B. Mayer
California
aeronautical industry
South America
Colombia
The Adventurers
ABC
Ralph Bellamy
Lana Turner
Michael Korda
Publishers Weekly
Kathy Acker
Hodder & Stoughton
appropriation
bricolage
postmodern
plagiarism
William S. Burroughs
Admiral
James T. Kirk
Spock
Basil Fawlty
Fawlty Towers
Squeeze
Pulling Mussels (From The Shell)
ghostwriter
Junius Podrug
J.K. Rowling
pill
Playboy
pot
French Riviera
Monte Carlo
Palm Springs, California
Forest Lawn Cemetery
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Never Love a Stranger
The Dream Merchants
A Stone for Danny Fisher
King Creole
79 Park Avenue
79 Park Avenue
Stiletto
The Carpetbaggers
The Carpetbaggers
Nevada Smith
Where Love Has Gone
Where Love Has Gone
Bette Davis
The Adventurers
The Betsy
The Pirate
The Lonely Lady
Goodbye, Janette
Tycoon
Junius Podrug
Harold Robbins Novels

categories: Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery (Cathedral City),Writers from Palm Springs, California,Deaths from respiratory failure,Novelists from New York (state),Writers from New York City,20th-century American novelists,1997 deaths,Jewish American writers,Novelists from California,American male novelists,American erotica writers,1916 births

paragraph: Harold Robbins

paragraph: Harold Robbins (May 21, 1916 – October 14, 1997) was an American author of popular novels. One of the best-selling writers of all time, he penned over 25 best-sellers, selling over 750 million copies in 32 languages.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Robbins was born Harold Rubin in New York City, the son of Frances "Fannie" Smith and Charles Rubin. His parents were well-educated Jewish emigrants from the Russian Empire, his father from Odessa and his mother from Neshwies, south of Minsk. Robbins later claimed to be a Jewish orphan who had been raised in a Catholic boys' home. He was raised by his father, who was a pharmacist, and his stepmother Blanche, in Brooklyn.

paragraph: Robbins dropped out of high school in the late 1920s to work in a variety of jobs including errand boy, bookies' runner and inventory clerk in a grocer's. He was employed by Universal Pictures from 1940 to 1957, starting off as a clerk but attaining promotion to executive level.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: His first book was "Never Love a Stranger" (1948). "The Dream Merchants" (1949) was a novel about the American film industry, from its beginning to the sound era. As usual, Robbins blended his own life experiences with history, melodrama, sex, and glossy high society into a fast-moving story. His 1952 novel, "A Stone for Danny Fisher," was adapted into a 1958 motion picture "King Creole", which starred Elvis Presley.

paragraph: Among his best-known books is "The Carpetbaggers" – featuring a loose composite of Howard Hughes, Bill Lear, Harry Cohn, and Louis B. Mayer. "The Carpetbaggers" takes the reader from New York to California, from the prosperity of the aeronautical industry to the glamor of Hollywood. Its sequel, "The Raiders", was released in 1995.

paragraph: After "The Carpetbaggers" and "Where Love Has Gone" (1962) came "The Adventurers" (1966), based on Robbins's experiences living in South America, including three months spent in the mountains of Colombia with a group of bandits. The book was adapted into a film in 1970, also titled "The Adventurers". He created the ABC television series "The Survivors" (1969-1970), starring Ralph Bellamy and Lana Turner.

paragraph: Robbins' editors included Cynthia White and Michael Korda and his literary agent was Paul Gitlin.

paragraph: In July 1989, Robbins was involved in a literary controversy when the trade periodical "Publishers Weekly" revealed that around four pages from Robbins' novel "The Pirate" (1974) had been lifted without permission and integrated into Kathy Acker's novel "The Adult Life of Toulouse Lautrec" (1975), which had recently been re-published in the UK in a selection of early works by Acker titled "Young Lust" (1989). After Paul Gitlin saw the exposé in "Publisher's Weekly", he informed Robbins' UK publisher Hodder & Stoughton, who requested that Acker's publisher Unwin Hyman withdraw and pulp "Young Lust". Representatives for the novelist explained that Acker was well known for her deliberate use of literary appropriation—or bricolage, a postmodern technique akin to plagiarism in which fragments of pre-existing works are combined along with original writings to create new literary works. After an intervention by William S. Burroughs—a novelist who used appropriation in his own works of the 1960s—Robbins issued a statement to give Acker retrospective permission to appropriate from his work, avoiding legal action on his publisher's part.

paragraph: Robbins is mentioned by name in by Admiral James T. Kirk, his first officer Spock mentions that Robbins was one of the 20th Century "giants" of literature. Robbins is also mentioned by name by Basil Fawlty in the Fawlty Towers episode "Waldorf Salad"; he refers to Robbins' work as 'transatlantic tripe.' The band Squeeze mentions "a Harold Robbins paperback" in their song Pulling Mussels (From The Shell).

paragraph: Since his death, several new books have been published, written by ghostwriters and based on Robbins's own notes and unfinished stories. In several of these books, Junius Podrug has been credited as co-writer.

paragraph: From the Hodder & Stoughton 2008 edition of "The Carpetbaggers" 'about the author' section:

paragraph: Robbins was the playboy of his day and a master of publicity. He was a renowned novelist but tales of his own life contain even more fiction than his books. What is known is that with reported worldwide sales of 750 million, Harold Robbins sold more books than J.K. Rowling, earned and spent $50m during his lifetime, and was as much a part of the sexual and social revolution as the pill, Playboy and pot. In March 1965, he had three novels on the British paperback bestseller list – "Where Love Has Gone" at No.1, "The Carpetbaggers" at No.3 and "The Dream Merchants" in the sixth spot.

paragraph: His widow, Jann Robbins, previously republished 12 of his most famous titles with AuthorHouse Publishing. In 2016, she contracted to republish thirty-three of his titles with Oghma Creative Media, including bestsellers "79 Park Avenue", "Spellbinder", and "The Adventurers". Oghma will also publish a non-fiction book she wrote about her life with Harold, entitled "Harold and Me". Robbins' novels will all include new forewords by Michael Frizell, the leading authority on Harold Robbins. Frizell has spent two years interviewing Jann Robbins and others who knew Harold Robbins, as well as curating the collection of Robbins' books.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Robbins was married three times. His first wife, Lillian Machnivitz, was his high school sweetheart. His second wife, Grace Palermo Robbins, whom he married in 1965 and divorced in the early 1990s, published an account of her life with Robbins in 2013. During his marriage to Grace, Robbins's hedonistic lifestyle became a source of notoriety. He subsequently married Jann Stapp in 1992, and they remained together until his death. He spent a great deal of time on the French Riviera and at Monte Carlo until his death from respiratory heart failure, at the age of 81 in Palm Springs, California. His cremated remains are interred at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Cathedral City. Robbins has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6743 Hollywood Boulevard.

paragraph: Section::::Novels.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Never Love a Stranger", 1948 (made into the 1958 film "Never Love a Stranger")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dream Merchants", 1949 (made into a 1980 TV miniseries)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Stone for Danny Fisher", 1952 (made into the 1958 film "King Creole")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Never Leave Me", 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- "79 Park Avenue", 1955 (made into a 1977 TV miniseries "79 Park Avenue")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stiletto", 1960 (made into the 1969 film "Stiletto")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Carpetbaggers", 1961 (made into both the 1964 film "The Carpetbaggers" and the 1966 film "Nevada Smith")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Where Love Has Gone", 1962 (made into a 1964 film, "Where Love Has Gone" with Bette Davis)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adventurers", 1966 (made into the 1970 film "The Adventurers")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Inheritors", 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Betsy", 1971 (made into the 1978 film "The Betsy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pirate", 1974 (made into a 1978 TV movie "The Pirate")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lonely Lady", 1976 (made into the 1983 film "The Lonely Lady")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dreams Die First", 1977

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memories of Another Day", 1979

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Goodbye, Janette", 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Storyteller", 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spellbinder", 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Descent from Xanadu", 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Piranhas", 1986

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Raiders", 1995 (sequel to "The Carpetbaggers")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Stallion", 1996 (sequel to "The Betsy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tycoon", 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Predators", 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Secret", 2000 (sequel to "The Predators")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Never Enough", 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sin City", 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heat of Passion", 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Betrayers" (with Junius Podrug), 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blood Royal" (with Junius Podrug), 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Devil to Pay" (with Junius Podrug), 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Looters" (with Junius Podrug), 2007, Madison Dupree No. 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Deceivers" (with Junius Podrug), 2008, Madison Dupree No. 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shroud" (with Junius Podrug), 2009, Madison Dupree No. 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Curse" (with Junius Podrug), 2011, Madison Dupree No. 4

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harold Robbins Novels

description: American novelist

wikidata_label: Harold Robbins

wikipedia_title: Harold Robbins


text:
Big Harp (band)
Saddle Creek Records
The Good Life
Saddle Creek Records
Bright Eyes
She and Him
McCarthy Trenching
Azure Ray
Orenda Fink
Maria Taylor
Bright Eyes
There Is No Beginning to the Story
Saddle Creek
Bright Eyes
Motion Sickness
Team Love
Bright Eyes
Cassadaga
Saddle Creek
Bright Eyes
A Christmas Album
Good Life
Album of The Year
Good Life
Lovers Need Lawyers
Good Life
Help Wanted Nights
Good Life
Everybody's Coming Down
Big Harp
White Hat
Big Harp
Chain Letters
Big Harp
Waveless
Maria Taylor
Lynn Teeter Flower
Books on Tape
Dinosaur Dinosaur
Saddle Creek Records

categories: American bass guitarists,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Stefanie Drootin

paragraph: Stefanie Drootin is one half of the band Umm and one half of the band Big Harp (band) on Saddle Creek Records. She is also the bass guitarist for the band The Good Life on Saddle Creek Records. Stefanie plays or has played in Bright Eyes, She and Him, McCarthy Trenching, Azure Ray, Orenda Fink and Maria Taylor.

paragraph: Section::::Album appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bright Eyes - "There Is No Beginning to the Story (2002, Saddle Creek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bright Eyes - "Motion Sickness" (2005 · Team Love)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bright Eyes - "Cassadaga" (2007, Saddle Creek)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bright Eyes - "A Christmas Album"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Good Life - "Album of The Year"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Good Life - "Lovers Need Lawyers""

paragraph: BULLET::::- Good Life - "Help Wanted Nights"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Good Life - "Everybody's Coming Down"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Big Harp - "White Hat"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Big Harp - "Chain Letters"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Big Harp - "Waveless"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Taylor - "Lynn Teeter Flower"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Books on Tape - "Dinosaur Dinosaur"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saddle Creek Records

paragraph: BULLET::::-

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Stefanie Drootin

wikipedia_title: Stefanie Drootin


text: PC

text: Liberal

text: National Liberal

text: Conservative Party

text: Anti-semitism

text: Minister of Information

text: Belisha beacons

text: Sir Charles F. Adair Hore

text: Berisha

text: Clifton College

text: Heidelberg

text: St John's College, Oxford

text: Oxford Union Society

text: World War I

text: British Army

text: Flanders

text: Salonika

text: major

text: Army Service Corps

text: 1922 general election

text: Liberal Party

text: Plymouth Devonport

text: general election

text: Labour

text: Sir John Simon

text: Liberal National

text: National Government

text: Board of Trade

text: Financial Secretary to the Treasury

text: Minister of Transport

text: speed limits

text: Road Traffic Act 1930

text: road casualties

text: Camden High Street

text: Road Traffic Act 1934

text: The Automobile Association

text: Royal Automobile Club

text: Highway Code

text: driving test

text: Belisha beacon

text: Pedestrians' Association

text: Neville Chamberlain

text: Secretary of State for War

text: Alfred Duff Cooper

text: appeasement

text: Conservative

text: Liberal National

text: Horeb

text: Hebrew Bible

text: golden calf

text: Elijah

text: B. H. Liddell Hart

text: Royal Air Force

text: Cyril Deverell

text: Chief of the Imperial General Staff

text: Adjutant General

text: Master-General of the Ordnance

text: John Dill

text: Archibald Wavell

text: Lord Gort

text: Munich Crisis

text: Lord Strathcona

text: Military Training Act

text: National Service Act

text: British Union

text: Oswald Mosley

text: Lord Gort

text: British Expeditionary Force

text: differences of opinion

text: War Cabinet

text: Henry Pownall

text: British Expeditionary Force

text: Minister of Information

text: Presidency of the Board of Trade

text: Colonel Blimp

text: George VI

text: Edward VIII

text: abdication crisis

text: Winston Churchill

text: 1945 general election

text: Labour

text: Michael Foot

text: Conservative Party

text: Westminster City Council

text: Coventry South

text: 1950 general election

text: Rheims

text: H. G. Wells

text: The Shape of Things to Come

text: Second World War

text: Duff Cooper

text: Ellen Wilkinson

text: Randolph Churchill

text: Christopher Hollis

text: in JSTOR

categories: People from Devonport, Devon,British Army personnel of World War I,Jewish British politicians,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1923–1924,1893 births,UK MPs 1924–1929,Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers,UK MPs 1935–1945,English people of Moroccan descent,Moroccan Jews,People educated at Clifton College,Alumni of St John's College, Oxford,Parliamentary Secretaries to the Board of Trade,Royal Army Service Corps officers,War Office personnel in World War II,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,English Jews,National Liberal Party (UK, 1931) politicians,British Secretaries of State,1957 deaths,UK MPs 1929–1931,Burials at Golders Green Jewish Cemetery,UK MPs 1931–1935,Councillors in Greater London,British people of World War II,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Presidents of the Oxford Union

paragraph: Leslie Hore-Belisha

paragraph: Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha, PC (; 7 September 1893 – 16 February 1957) was a British Liberal, then National Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) and Cabinet Minister. He later joined the Conservative Party. He proved highly successful in modernizing the British road system in 1934–37 as Minister of Transport. As Secretary of War, 1937–1940, he feuded with the commanding generals and was removed in 1940. Anti-semitism played a role in blocking his appointment as Minister of Information.

paragraph: His biographer compares his strong and weak points:

paragraph: His name is still widely associated in the UK with the amber "Belisha beacons" which were installed at pedestrian crossings while he was Minister for Transport.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: Hore-Belisha was born Isaac Leslie Belisha in Hampstead, London on 7 September 1893. He was the only son of the Jewish family of Jacob Isaac Belisha, manager of an insurance company, and his wife, Elizabeth Miriam Miers. His father died when he was less than one year old. In 1912, in Kensington, his widowed mother married Sir Charles F. Adair Hore, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Pensions. Leslie Belisha then adopted the double-barrelled surname. The suggestion that he changed his name from Horeb-Elisha (to appear non-Jewish) seems to be without foundation; the name Belisha is likely to have originated either as D'Elisha or a variant of the Albanian-language surname Berisha.

paragraph: Hore-Belisha was educated at Clifton College where he was in Polack's house. He continued his studies in Paris and Heidelberg, before attending St John's College, Oxford, where he was President of the Oxford Union Society. While in Heidelberg, he became a member of :die Burschenschaft Frankonia Heidelberg in 1912. During World War I, he joined the British Army and served in France, Flanders and Salonika and finished the war with the rank of major in the Army Service Corps. After the war, after leaving the army, he returned to Oxford and, in 1923, qualified as a barrister.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: At the 1922 general election, Hore-Belisha was an unsuccessful candidate for the Liberal Party in his birthplace constituency of Plymouth Devonport. However, thanks to his new political agent, Benjamin Musgrave, he won the seat at the general election the following year, and became known in Parliament as a flamboyant and brilliant speaker. He generally allied himself with right-wing Liberals critical of their party's support for the Labour minority governments, joining with Sir John Simon in becoming a 'Liberal National' upon the formation of the National Government in 1931. After the 1931 general election, Hore-Belisha was appointed a junior minister at the Board of Trade.

paragraph: He remained in government when the official Liberals withdrew in September 1932 over the issue of free trade, and was promoted to Financial Secretary to the Treasury. Hore-Belisha showed considerable intelligence and drive in government, although his intense energy tended to alienate traditionalist elements who resented his status as an "outsider".

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Transport minister, 1934–37.

paragraph: Hore-Belisha was appointed Minister of Transport in 1934 coming to public prominence at a time when motoring was becoming available to the masses. All speed limits for motor cars had controversially been removed by the Road Traffic Act 1930 during the previous administration. There was, in 1934, a record number of road casualties in the UK, with 7,343 deaths and 231,603 injuries being recorded, with half of the casualties being pedestrians and three-quarters occurring in built-up areas. Hore-Belisha described this as "mass murder". Shortly after being appointed, he was crossing Camden High Street when a sports car shot along the street without stopping, nearly causing him "serious injury or worse". He became involved in a public-relations exercise to demonstrate how to use the new "uncontrolled crossings".

paragraph: Hore-Belisha's Road Traffic Act 1934 introduced a speed limit of 30 mph for motor cars in built-up areas. The new act was vigorously opposed by many, who saw the new regulations as a removal of "an Englishman's freedom of the highway". The earlier 20 mph speed limit had been abolished in 1930 because it was universally flouted. A large backlog of court cases had made the law unenforceable. In addition, The Automobile Association (AA) and the Royal Automobile Club (RAC) had frequently been successful in defending their members against evidence from primitive speed traps.

paragraph: Hore-Belisha rewrote the Highway Code and was responsible for the introduction of two innovations that led to a dramatic drop in the number of road accidents: the driving test and the Belisha beacon, named after him by the public. On his retirement, he was made vice-president of the Pedestrians' Association and, to this day, the logo of the organisation includes a Belisha Beacon.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Secretary of State for War, 1937–40.

paragraph: His success at the Ministry of Transport, in 1937, led to an appointment by Neville Chamberlain as Secretary of State for War replacing the popular Alfred Duff Cooper, who later resigned from the government over Chamberlain's policy of appeasement. There were voices within the Conservative majority that such a high-profile appointment should not have gone to a Liberal National, and Hore-Belisha's Conservative colleagues labelled him a warmonger. Many took to nicknaming him "Horeb-Elisha" or "Horeb" as an anti-semitic pun on his race. (Horeb is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the place where the golden calf was made and to which Elijah fled).

paragraph: Upon appointing Hore-Belisha as Secretary of State, Chamberlain advised him to read B. H. Liddell Hart's book "Europe in Arms", which advocated that Britain should avoid becoming involved in a continental land war and rely on the Royal Air Force as its offensive arm. Impressed by the book's arguments and under Cabinet pressure to control expenditure, Hore-Belisha formed a close partnership with Liddell Hart and sought to refocus the British Army away from the aim of raising a second British Expeditionary Force to fight in France.

paragraph: Unhappy with the Army Council's opposition to his policies, Hore-Belisha sacked Field Marshal Cyril Deverell, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, along with the Adjutant General and Master-General of the Ordnance in December 1937. Guided by Liddell Hart, he interviewed John Dill and Archibald Wavell before finally settling on Lord Gort, a relatively junior general, as Deverell's replacement. The new team at the head of the British Army was not a success. Gort was no more enthusiastic about Hore-Belisha's course of action than Deverell had been and objected to Liddell Hart's continued influence. For his part by March 1939, Hore-Belisha would declare that "Gort has no brain at all".

paragraph: The Munich Crisis shook Hore-Belisha's confidence that Britain would be able to avoid full-scale commitment to a continental war. In December 1938, a group of junior Conservative ministers including the Under-Secretary for War, Lord Strathcona, demanded that Chamberlain remove Hore-Belisha. The Prime Minister refused and Strathcona was sacked, but the event demonstrated Hore-Belisha's political isolation. However, in February; he secured a major increase in budget to re-equip the British Army for continental operations. In his speech to Parliament during the March Budget Estimate, Hore-Belisha acknowledged this was a reversal of his previous policy, but still won plaudits for his plans.

paragraph: Any hope of reconciliation with his military subordinates was ruined when, at a Cabinet meeting on 28 March, Hore-Belisha recommended doubling the size of the Territorial Army to demonstrate Britain's resolve. This was announced in Parliament the next day, to the consternation of the Army Council who had not been consulted about the decision. Lord Gort, who was in France, reputedly learned of it from a newspaper. The Army was already badly short of equipment and raising the new Territorial Divisions would require transferring soldiers from the front line units.

paragraph: In May, Hore-Belisha succeeded in passing the Military Training Act, the first peacetime conscription law in the United Kingdom. The Act provided for six months of full-time military training, after which men would enter the Reserve. The first cohort began their training in June, but following the outbreak of war in September it was replaced by the National Service Act.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Dismissal.

paragraph: In January 1940, Prime Minister Chamberlain dismissed Hore-Belisha from the War Office. He had been in an increasingly untenable position due to his disputes with the Army high command and the King and hostility from the general public, particularly sympathisers of British Union after Oswald Mosley condemned him as a "Jewish warmonger". By 1940, his relations with Lord Gort, commander of the British Expeditionary Force in France, had deteriorated such that neither man had confidence in the other. Gort and other generals disliked Hore-Belisha's showmanship, but their main disagreements had stemmed from differences of opinion concerning the defence of France along the border with Belgium. Hore-Belisha was unpopular amongst his fellow ministers, with meetings of the War Cabinet said to be regularly tense and loud. As a result, Chamberlain agreed to replace him as Secretary of State for War.

paragraph: Military anti-semitism contributed to tensions between Hore-Belisha and Gort, with Henry Pownall, the chief of staff to the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France and Belgium until the fall of France in May 1940, arguing in his diary that 'the ultimate fact is that they could never get on – you couldn't expect two such utterly different people to do so – a great gentleman and an obscure, shallow-brained, charlatan, political Jewboy’.

paragraph: Initially, the Prime Minister considered Hore-Belisha for the post of Minister of Information, but decided against this when the Foreign Office raised concerns about the effect of having a Jewish politician in this position given widespread feelings of anti-semitism. Instead, Chamberlain offered him the post of Presidency of the Board of Trade. Hore-Belisha refused this demotion and resigned from the government.

paragraph: Due to the sensitive nature of the disagreements, many MPs and political commentators were bewildered as to why the dismissal had taken place, and Hore-Belisha's formal statement to the Commons left them little wiser. A common belief was that Hore-Belisha's bold reforms at the War Office had been opposed by the established military commanders, often caricatured as Colonel Blimps, and that they had forced his resignation. One historian has written that Hore-Belisha's dismissal was "possibly fuelled by a desire to placate Hitler [by removing a Jew from the Cabinet] even once war had been declared", or even due to pressure by George VI upon Chamberlain because of Hore-Belisha's previous support for Edward VIII during the abdication crisis, although the offer of alternative office and Hore-Belisha's original appointment argue against this latter motive. Harry Defries argues that anti-semitism was the root cause of the dismissal.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Subsequent political career.

paragraph: Hore-Belisha attempted to rebuild his career under the wartime premiership of Winston Churchill (1940–45), but his re-appointment was blocked by a combination of his wounded intransigence and continued Conservative prejudice. He resigned from the National Liberals in 1942, sitting as a "National Independent" MP. In the Conservative "Caretaker" government of 1945, he was briefly appointed Minister for National Insurance. At the 1945 general election, Hore-Belisha, still standing as a National Independent, was defeated in Devonport by the Labour candidate, Michael Foot. He, thereupon, peremptorily dismissed Musgrave, his faithful political agent, and joined the Conservative Party. In 1947, he was elected to Westminster City Council. He fought unsuccessfully in the Coventry South constituency at the 1950 general election. In 1954, he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Hore-Belisha, of Devonport in the County of Devon.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1944, at 51, in northeastern Surrey, he married Cynthia Elliot, daughter of Gilbert Compton Elliot. They had no children.

paragraph: While leading a British parliamentary delegation to France in February 1957, he collapsed while making a speech at Rheims town hall, and died a few minutes later. The cause of death was given as a cerebral haemorrhage. The barony died with him as he had no children. Lady Hore-Belisha died in July 1991, aged 75.

paragraph: Section::::Fictional role.

paragraph: H. G. Wells in "The Shape of Things to Come", published in 1934, predicted a Second World War in which Britain would not participate but would vainly try to effect a peaceful compromise. In this vision, Hore-Belisha was mentioned as one of several prominent Britons delivering "brilliant pacific speeches" which "echo throughout Europe" but fail to end the war. The other would-be peacemakers, in Wells' vision, included Duff Cooper, Ellen Wilkinson and Randolph Churchill.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grimwood, Ian R. "A Little Chit of a Fellow" (Book Guild, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harris, J. P. "Two War Ministers: A Reassessment of Duff Cooper and Hore-Belisha" "War and Society" 6#1: May 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christopher Hollis, "Oxford in the Twenties" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trythall, A.J. (1981) "The Downfall of Leslie Hore-Belisha", "Journal of Contemporary History," 16#3 (1981), pp. 391–411. in JSTOR

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R J Minney, ed. "The Private Papers of Hore-Belisha" (Collins, 1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "War Diaries 1939–1945 Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke" edited by Alex Danchev and Daniel Todman, (University of California Press, 1957, 1959, 2001)

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Leslie Hore-Belisha

wikipedia_title: Leslie Hore-Belisha


text:
prelate
statesman
Archbishop of York
Lord Chancellor
John
Eaton in Norfolk
John de Gray
Bishop of Norwich
Oxford University
Edmund of Abingdon
John of England
Lord Chancellor
Bishop of Lichfield
Bishop of Worcester
Magna Carta
Innocent III
canon
Simon Langton
Stephen Langton
Archbishop of Canterbury
Fourth Lateran Council
Henry III
Alexander III of Scotland
south transept
York Minster
Bishopthorpe
Archbishop of York
church
Ripon
Wilfrid
parliament
Fulham
William Langton
Dean of York

categories: 13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Grey family,12th-century births,1255 deaths,13th-century English people,Lord Chancellors of England,People from Norwich (district),Bishops of Worcester,Bishops of Lichfield,Archbishops of York

paragraph: Walter de Gray

paragraph: Walter de Gray or Walter de Grey (died 1 May 1255) was an English prelate and statesman who was Archbishop of York from 1215 to 1255. He was Lord Chancellor under King John.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Gray was the son of John de Gray, of Eaton in Norfolk and nephew of John de Gray, Bishop of Norwich. His birth year is not recorded, nor is his age when he died, but according to the historian Lee Wyatt, Gray was likely born around 1180. This assumes that in 1214 he was at least 30, the earliest legal age for consecration as a bishop, which would mean he was not born after 1184. Likewise, it is unlikely he was much older than 80 when he died, which gives an earliest possible birth year of 1175. He studied at Oxford University where he was tutored by Edmund of Abingdon.

paragraph: Gray was a favourite of King John of England, who appointed him Lord Chancellor in 1205, having paid John 5000 marks for the office. He was named Bishop of Lichfield in 1210, but was never consecrated as bishop there. Gray was then elected Bishop of Worcester on 20 January 1214, after resigning as Chancellor in October 1214. His consecration as Bishop of Worcester took place on 5 October 1214. Gray was present at the signing of Magna Carta in June 1215. While he was away from England on a royal mission, he was appointed Archbishop of York, being elected on 10 November 1215 through the influence of John and Innocent III. John had wanted Walter, but the canons of York felt that Walter was ill-educated, and elected Simon Langton, brother of Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury. John objected, and wrote to Innocent III complaining of the election of the brother of one of his staunchest enemies, with which Innocent agreed. However, Gray eventually paid more than £10,000 to the Pope in various fees to get his election confirmed. Walter attended the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215.

paragraph: Gray was an important royal official during the minority of Henry III, who often posted him as a diplomatic envoy. Henry also named Gray as guardian of England when the King went to France in 1242. In 1252, Walter hosted King Henry and King Alexander III of Scotland for the Christmas feasts at York, which event cost the archbishop ₤2500. Gray attempted to assert his archiepiscopal authority over Scotland, which not only resisted by the Scots but by the Archbishops of Canterbury. Gray had little success in defending his rights to Scotland against either adversary. Gray built the south transept of York Minster and purchased the village of Bishopthorpe, which became the residence of the Archbishop of York. He also endowed the church at Ripon.

paragraph: Gray held a series of councils in his diocese from 1241 to 1255 which endeavoured to enforce clerical celibacy, keep benefices from being inherited, and improve the education and morals of the clergy. He gave generously to his cathedral and other churches, as well as working to endow vicarages. He visited many of the monasteries of his diocese and helped those that were in financial difficulties. He also oversaw the translation of Wilfrid's remains to a new shrine at Ripon.

paragraph: In 1255, Gray visited London to attend a meeting of parliament, and died at Fulham on 1 May 1255. He was buried on 15 May 1255 at York Minster.

paragraph: Three nephews of Gray would also be clerics: William Langton (or Rotherfield) was Dean of York before being elected Archbishop of York but never consecrated, and Walter le Breton and Walter de Gray, who were canons of York.

description: Lord Chancellor; Bishop of Worcester; Archbishop of York

wikidata_label: Walter de Gray

wikipedia_title: Walter de Gray


text:
Shanghai Municipal Council
Bank of Hindustan, China and Japan
Yokohama
Singapore
Shanghai
London
Shanghai Municipal Council
Croydon

categories: Chairmen of the Shanghai Municipal Council,History of Shanghai

paragraph: William George Bayne

paragraph: William George ("Willie") Bayne (died 1910) was the Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council between 1902 and 1904.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bayne moved to Shanghai in 1864 to join the Bank of Hindustan, China and Japan. About 4 years after his arrival, due to a crisis the bank closed. Bayne then joined the North China Insurance Company and stayed with the company for the rest of his career serving in Yokohama, Singapore, Shanghai and London. From 1900 to 1908 he acted as secretary of the company in Shanghai. On 10 April 1908, he returned to England and continued to work for the company as its London Agent.

paragraph: He served on the Shanghai Municipal Council and was chairman from 1902 to 1904.

paragraph: He was also President of the Amateur Dramatic Club in Shanghai. He was considered to be one of the best amateur actors in the East and on his return to Shanghai from Yokohama, one newspaper reported that the "gaiety of Shanghai has been permanently enhanced by the return of W.G. Bayne."

paragraph: Bayne died on 27 March 1910 in East Croydon, London

description: chairman of Shanghai Municipal Council

wikidata_label: William George Bayne

wikipedia_title: William George Bayne


text:
Camagüey
Cuba
amateur boxer
Pinar del Río
2012 Summer Olympics
Guillermo Rigondeaux
Yankiel León
Ivan Onate
Vasyl Lomachenko
Robson Conceição
Liu Qiang
Gani Zhaylauov
2016 Olympics
Pat McCormack
Lorenzo Sotomayor
Yasnier Toledo
AIBA
World cadet results 2005
National win 2007
Nationals 2009

categories: Boxers at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Competitors at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games,Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Cuba,Olympic medalists in boxing,Pan American Games medalists in boxing,Olympic bronze medalists for Cuba,Cuban male boxers,Boxers at the 2015 Pan American Games,1989 births,Pan American Games gold medalists for Cuba,Boxers at the 2011 Pan American Games,AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists,Boxers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Living people,Olympic boxers of Cuba

paragraph: Yasniel Toledo

paragraph: Yasnier Toledo López (born 15 September 1989 in Camagüey) is a Cuban amateur boxer from Pinar del Río who won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the PanAm lightweight title in 2011. He is a southpaw.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After winning the 52 kg Under-17 world title in 2005, the following year he lost in the final to Russia's Vladimir Saruhanyan.

paragraph: As a senior, he stood in the shadows of the near-invincible Guillermo Rigondeaux but when Rigondeaux didn't participate in 2007 he won the 54 kg national championships against Yankiel León and the international tournament Ahmet Comert cup.

paragraph: In 2008 when Rigondeaux was suspended by the authorities, Toledo was defeated by veteran León at the Cuban national championships and therefore León was selected to be Cuba's representative in the 54 kg division.

paragraph: In 2009 Toledo moved to featherweight and lost the national final to Ivan Onate. Toledo won the Cuban nationals in his division every year from 2010 to 2015.

paragraph: In 2011 he became silver medalist at the World Championships after losing to Vasyl Lomachenko, later in the year he beat Robson Conceição to win the PanAm Games.

paragraph: At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he beat Liu Qiang and Gani Zhaylauov before losing his semifinal match to Lomachenko. Through his performance Toledo won a bronze medal.

paragraph: At the 2013 World Championships, he competed as a light welterweight, winning the silver medal, losing in the final to Merey Ashkalov. He won bronze in the same division at the 2015 World Championships. At the 2016 Olympics, he beat Pat McCormack before losing to eventual silver medalist Lorenzo Sotomayor.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yasnier Toledo at AIBA

paragraph: BULLET::::- World cadet results 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- National win 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nationals 2009

description: Cuban boxer

wikidata_label: Yasniel Toledo

wikipedia_title: Yasniel Toledo


text:
Vilnius
Polish
University of Stefan Batory
Wilno
University of Warsaw
Polish Astronomical Society
Order of Polonia Restituta

categories: Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1944–89),People from Vilna Governorate,1905 births,1975 deaths,Polish astronomers,People from Vilnius

paragraph: Włodzimierz Zonn

paragraph: Wlodzimierz Zonn (July 14, 1905, Vilnius - February 28, 1975) was a Polish astronomer. He studied at the University of Stefan Batory at Wilno, where he later worked as a professor.

paragraph: From 1950, Zonn was director of Astronomical Observatory of the University of Warsaw. For many years (1952 - 1955 and 1963 - 1973), he was President of the Polish Astronomical Society.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.

paragraph: In 1954 he was awarded with Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

paragraph: Since 1983 the Polish Astronomical Society introduced the .

description: Polish astronomer

wikidata_label: Włodzimierz Zonn

wikipedia_title: Włodzimierz Zonn


text:
Radzymin
Wrocław
Polish
Lviv University
Wrocław University
International Astronomical Union
Skierniewice
Ozorków
Gostynin
Polish Military Organization
Kraków
Jagiellonian University
Przemyśl
Lwów
Polish-Ukrainian War
Polish Army
Polish-Soviet War
Tadeusz Banachiewicz
Warsaw
Cepheid variables
Leiden
Einar Hertzsprung
Soviet Invasion of Poland
Red Army
NKVD
Juliusz Makarewicz
Ryszard Gansiniec
Wlodzimierzem Burzynski
Marian Kamienski
Jan Oort

categories: 1898 births,People from Radzymin,Polish Military Organisation members,University of Lviv faculty,University of Wrocław faculty,1988 deaths,Polish astronomers,Jagiellonian University alumni

paragraph: Eugeniusz Rybka

paragraph: Eugeniusz Rybka (May 6, 1898 in Radzymin – December 8, 1988 in Wrocław), was a Polish astronomer, professor of the Lviv University (1932–1945), Wrocław University (1945–1958) and director of the Kraków Astronomical Observatory (1952–1958). Also he was deputy director of the International Astronomical Union (1952–1958).

paragraph: Rybka was the son of a church organ player. In 1900 the family moved to Skierniewice, and then to Ozorków. In 1911, he started middle school in Gostynin, but outbreak of World War I caused him to continue education at home. Rybka graduated on November 17, 1917, and next year he became commandant of the Ozorków branch of the Polish Military Organization (POW).

paragraph: In the fall of 1918 Rybka went to Kraków, to study philosophy at the Jagiellonian University. In November of that year, together with a group of patriotic students, he left towards Przemyśl and Lwów, to participate in the Polish-Ukrainian fights there (see: Polish-Ukrainian War). He spent 1919 and 1920 in the Polish Army, serving, among others, in the armored train Nr 53 "Smialy". In November 1920, after Polish-Soviet War, Rybka returned to the Jagiellonian University, and began working with professor of astronomy Tadeusz Banachiewicz. This is where his fascination with astronomy originated.

paragraph: In the fall of 1923 Rybka, together with wife and son, moved to Warsaw, where he worked as an assistant at the Observatory. Three years later he earned a doctorate, writing thesis about observation of stars at the beginning of the twentieth century. In late 1920s, Rybka was preoccupied with examination of Cepheid variables, especially of TU Cas and XZ Cyg.

paragraph: In 1930 Rybka received a scholarschip and went to Leiden, where he worked with a renowned Danish astronomer, professor Einar Hertzsprung. After returning to Poland, he worked on his habilitation, earning the title on January 19, 1932. Soon afterwards, he moved to Lwów, where took over Department of Astronomy. A skillful organizer, he wanted to purchase a 90-centimeter telescope for the school, but failed due to outbreak of World War II.

paragraph: After Soviet Invasion of Poland, and capture of the city by the Red Army, Rybka continued his works at the university. He survived both Soviet and German occupations, but in January 1945 was arrested by the NKVD, together with other Polish professors of the university (Juliusz Makarewicz, Ryszard Gansiniec, Wlodzimierzem Burzynski and Marian Kamienski). Released after a few months, in August 1945 he left Lwów and went to Kraków, to finally settle in Wrocław.

paragraph: In 1949 Rybka revisited Leiden, to work with Jan Oort. He also became a member of the International Astronomical Union, and during a Congress in Rome (1952), he was elected deputy of the organization. In mid-1950s his health deteriorated, he spent long months in various spas, also in 1958, after an argument, he left Wrocław University and took a job at the Jagiellonian University. Due to his involvement, the University opened in 1964 its main observatory. Four years later Rybka retired, but continued to take part in various projects, including the IAU.

description: Polish astronomer

wikidata_label: Eugeniusz Rybka

wikipedia_title: Eugeniusz Rybka


text: Riom

text: France

text: Riom

text: France

text: Louis XIII

text: Mathieu de Morgues

text: Marie de Médicis

text: Cardinal Richelieu

text: Paris

text: Académie française

text: Auvergne

text: Paul Pellisson

text: French language

text: Cid

categories: French poets,French male poets,People from Riom,Historiographers,Members of the Académie française,1589 births,1649 deaths

paragraph: Jean Sirmond

paragraph: Jean Sirmond (1589, Riom, France - 1649, Riom, France) was a neo-Latin poet and French man of letters, historiographer of Louis XIII.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sirmond is known especially for his lifelong feud with Mathieu de Morgues, known as the son of Saint-Germain, who favored Marie de Médicis and was against Cardinal Richelieu. Jean Sirmond answers it with a series of small works which he writes under various pseudonyms, such as Julius Pomponius Dolabella, the faithful French or Sieur of the Mountains.

paragraph: At the time of his stay in Paris, Sirmond collaborated in the drafting of the statutes of the l'Académie française, of which he became one of the first members in 1634. He also authored a "Life of the Cardinal of Amboise", published in 1631, and wrote Latin poems, published posthumously in 1653. After the death of the king and the cardinal, he withdrew to his native Auvergne, finding himself without support after having fought so much.

paragraph: Paul Pellisson paid Sirmond a personal homage, which also constitutes a testimony on the evolution of the French language, which some said was now sufficiently "reasonable" to be worthy to replace Latin and the Greek as the erudite and literary language of the day. Pellison writes:

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Bons et Vrays Advis du François fidelle. Aux Mal-contans retirez de la Cour"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Pitarchie française ou réponse aux vaines plaintes des malcontens" (1615)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Discours au Roy sur l'excellence de ses vertus incomparables et de ses actions héroïques" (1624)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Lettre déchiffrée" (1627). Éloge de Richelieu.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Advertissement aux provinces sur les nouveaux mouvemens du royaume" (1631)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Vie du Cardinal d'Amboise, en suite de laquelle sont traictez quelques poincts sur les affaires présentes" (1631)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Coup d'estat de Louys XIII" (1631)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Défense du roi et de ses ministres contre le manifeste que sous le nom de Monsieur on fait courre parmi le peuple" (1631)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Homme du pape et du roy, ou Réparties véritables sur les imputations calomnieuses d'un libelle diffamatoire semé contre sa Sainteté et sa Majesté très-chrestienne" (1634)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Souhait du Cid en faveur de Scudéri : une paire de lunettes pour faire mieux ses observations" (1637). Documents sur la querelle du "Cid".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Chimère deffaicte, ou Réfutation d'un libelle séditieux tendant à troubler l'Estat, sous pretexte d'y prévenir un schisme" (1640)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notice biographique de l'Académie française

description: French poet

enwikiquote_title: Jean Sirmond

wikidata_label: Jean Sirmond

wikipedia_title: Jean Sirmond


text:
Civil Air Patrol
Corbin, Kentucky
Etowah, Tennessee
University of Tennessee
Army Air Corps
Jefferson City, Tennessee
FAA
Guinness Book of World Records
Tennessee
Kentucky
Morristown Regional Airport
Morristown, Tennessee
National Aviation Hall of Fame
Dayton, Ohio
Sally Ride
Steve Fossett
East Tennessee State University

wikipedia_title:
Civil Air Patrol
Corbin, Kentucky
Etowah, Tennessee
University of Tennessee
United States Army Air Corps
Jefferson City, Tennessee
Federal Aviation Administration
Guinness World Records
Tennessee
Kentucky
Morristown Regional Airport
Morristown, Tennessee
National Aviation Hall of Fame
Dayton, Ohio
Sally Ride
Steve Fossett
East Tennessee State University

categories: Aviators from Kentucky,People from Jefferson City, Tennessee,Kentucky women aviators,2012 deaths,People from Corbin, Kentucky,People from Morristown, Tennessee,1909 births,American centenarians,American amputees,Tennessee Wesleyan University alumni

paragraph: Evelyn Bryan Johnson

paragraph: Evelyn Stone Bryan Johnson (November 4, 1909 – May 10, 2012), nicknamed "Mama Bird", was the female pilot with the most number of flying hours in the world. She was a colonel in the Civil Air Patrol and a founding member of the Morristown, Tennessee Civil Air Patrol squadron.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born as Evelyn Stone in Corbin, Kentucky, she was a graduate of Tennessee Wesleyan College. As a young woman, she taught school in Etowah, Tennessee. Later she attended the University of Tennessee.

paragraph: She married Wyatt Jennings "W.J." Bryan and learned to fly in 1944, while he was serving in the Army Air Corps and the couple was living in Jefferson City, Tennessee. She logged 57,635.4 flying hours, and was the oldest flight instructor in the world. She trained more pilots and gave more FAA exams than any other pilot. She was named in the "Guinness Book of World Records" as having the most flying hours of any woman and the most of any living person. Johnson was inducted into the Women in Aviation Pioneers Hall of Fame, the Tennessee and Kentucky aviation halls of fame and others. She was awarded a bronze Carnegie Medal for rescuing a helicopter pilot after he crashed.

paragraph: Johnson became manager of the Morristown Regional Airport in Morristown, Tennessee, in 1953. She flew into her 90s despite developing eyesight problems and only quit at 96 after a car accident on September 10, 2006 resulted in her undergoing a leg amputation. Even after that, she continued to manage the airport.

paragraph: Evelyn's first husband, W. J. Bryan, died on November 11, 1963. In 1965, she married Morgan Johnson, who died in 1977.

paragraph: On July 21, 2007, Johnson was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio, alongside astronaut Sally Ride and adventurer Steve Fossett, among others. The induction was her sixth such honor.

paragraph: Johnson's scrapbooks, memorabilia, and other papers from the period 1930 to 2002 are housed in the Archives of Appalachia at East Tennessee State University.

paragraph: Johnson died at age 102 in 2012.

description: aviator

wikidata_label: Evelyn Bryan Johnson

wikipedia_title: Evelyn Bryan Johnson


text:
jazz pianist
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Berklee College of Music
New York City
Roy Haynes
Randy Brecker
Bob Berg
Billy Hart
George Garzone
Barry Finnerty
Red Rodney
Craig Handy
Ralph Moore
Didier Lockwood
Joe Locke
Olivier Ker Ourio
Mingus Big Band
Jersey City, New Jersey
Craig Handy
Introducing Three for All + One
Roy Haynes
Evidence
Red Baron
Arkadia Jazz
Billy Hart
Amethyst
Oceans of Time
Toninho Horta
SkyDeck Music
Ralph Moore
623 C Street
Pat Martino
Grove Jazz
Allmusic

wikipedia_title: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

categories: DIW Records artists,20th-century male musicians,American jazz pianists,Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey,1961 births,Musicians from New Brunswick, New Jersey,Criss Cross Jazz artists,21st-century male musicians,People from Milltown, New Jersey,American male pianists,20th-century American pianists,Male jazz musicians,Living people,21st-century American pianists

paragraph: David Kikoski

paragraph: Dave Kikoski (born September 29, 1961) is an American jazz pianist and keyboardist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Kikoski learned piano from his father and played with him in bars as a teenager. He studied at the Berklee College of Music in the early 1980s, then moved to New York City in 1985, touring and recording subsequently with Roy Haynes (from 1986), Randy Brecker (1986–88), Bob Berg (1988), and Billy Hart (1989). He has also played or recorded with George Garzone, Barry Finnerty, Red Rodney, Craig Handy, Ralph Moore, Didier Lockwood, Joe Locke, Olivier Ker Ourio and Mingus Big Band. Kikoski won a 2011 Grammy Award with the Mingus Big Band for the Best Live Jazz Ensemble Album, "Live at the Jazz Standard". He also had a Grammy nomination with Roy Haynes for the "Birds of a Feather" CD.

paragraph: Kikoski has been a resident of Jersey City, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Opus 5.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Introducing Opus 5" (Criss Cross 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pentasonic" (Criss Cross 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Progression" (Criss Cross 2013)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As a sideman.

paragraph: With Craig Handy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Introducing Three for All + One" (Arabesque, 1993)

paragraph: With Roy Haynes

paragraph: BULLET::::- "True or False" (Evidence, 1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Homecoming" (Red Baron, 1992)

paragraph: With Pe De Boi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Power Samba Band" (Arkadia Jazz, 1998)

paragraph: With Billy Hart

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amethyst" (Arabesque, 1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oceans of Time" (Arabesque, 1997)

paragraph: With Toninho Horta:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From Ton To Tom" (VideoArts Music, 1998)

paragraph: With Dave Lisik:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bonnie and Clyde" (SkyDeck Music, 2017)

paragraph: With Ralph Moore

paragraph: BULLET::::- "623 C Street" (Criss Cross, 1987)

paragraph: With Pat Martino

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Remember: A Tribute to Wes Montgomery" (Blue Note Records, 2006)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Gilbert, "Dave Kikoski". "Grove Jazz" online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Discography] at Allmusic

description: American musician

wikidata_label: David Kikoski

wikipedia_title: David Kikoski


text:
silent films
Florenz Ziegfeld
New York City
Ivan Abramson
Fox Film
Catherine Calvert
Eugene O'Brien
New York City
Lewis Stone
E. Phillips Oppenheim
Marcel Perez
Florenz Ziegfeld
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Paris, France
Hollywood
Enlighten Thy Daughter
The Auction Block
Tillie Wakes Up
Ashes of Love
Life's Greatest Problem
Fires of Faith
The Great Romance
His Temporary Wife
A Fool and His Money
The Passionate Pilgrim
Pilgrims of the Night
The Glimpses of the Moon
A Fool and His Money
The Gorgeous Hussy
Washington Post

wikipedia_title:
Silent film
Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.
New York City
Ivan Abramson
Fox Film
Catherine Calvert
Eugene O'Brien (actor)
New York City
Lewis Stone
E. Phillips Oppenheim
Marcel Perez
Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Paris
Hollywood
Enlighten Thy Daughter
The Auction Block (1917 film)
Tillie Wakes Up
Ashes of Love
Life's Greatest Problem
Fires of Faith
The Great Romance (film)
His Temporary Wife
A Fool and His Money (1920 film)
The Passionate Pilgrim (1921 film)
Pilgrims of the Night
The Glimpses of the Moon (film)
A Fool and His Money (1925 film)
The Gorgeous Hussy
The Washington Post

categories: 1984 deaths,Vaudeville performers,American film actresses,Actresses from Denver,American stage actresses,1892 births,American silent film actresses

paragraph: Rubye De Remer

paragraph: Rubye De Remer (January 9, 1892 – March 18, 1984) was an American dancer and actress in silent films. Born Ruby Burkhardt, she began her stage career with the "Midnight Frolic", a Florenz Ziegfeld show, in New York City.

paragraph: Section::::Film actress.

paragraph: Her first film role came in 1917 in "Enlighten Thy Daughter", a picture directed by Ivan Abramson. The Fox Film comedy, "The Evil Eye" (1920), starred De Remer, Catherine Calvert and Eugene O'Brien. As Christine, in "Pilgrims of the Night" (1921), she played a hand organ while a monkey on a leash accompanied her through the streets of New York City. She worked for Associated Producers, acting opposite Lewis Stone in a number of films. One of these was "Passersby", a Frothingham production, adapted from the E. Phillips Oppenheim novel. Among her final starring films were three features directed by Marcel Perez: "The Way Women Love" (1920), "Luxury" (1921), and "Unconquered Woman" (1922).

paragraph: Section::::Ideal beauty.

paragraph: French artist Paul Helleu chose De Remer as his "ideal of American beauty" in 1920. Florenz Ziegfeld called De Remer "the most beautiful blonde since Venus."

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: On April 7, 1924, De Remer wed Scranton, Pennsylvania, coal and iron magnate Dr. Benjamin Throop 2nd (1889–1935) in Paris, France. Her husband- she was his second wife- reportedly spent the entire family fortune by the time of his death. De Remer's Hollywood Hills home- "Sunkist"- was so high above the movie colony that it was said "the clouds park right in her front yard."

paragraph: Section::::Partial filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enlighten Thy Daughter" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Auction Block" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tillie Wakes Up" (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ashes of Love" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life's Greatest Problem" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fires of Faith" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Great Romance" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "His Temporary Wife" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Fool and His Money" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Passionate Pilgrim" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pilgrims of the Night" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Glimpses of the Moon" (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Fool and His Money" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gorgeous Hussy" (1936)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Davenport Democrat and Leader", "Most Persistent Lover Finally Weds Rubye de Remer", April 8, 1924, page 20.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fresno Bee Republican", "New York Day By Day", July 3, 1933, page 24.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lima News", "Always Merry But Never Bright", July 27, 1930

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madison Capitol Times", "Movie Notes", June 14, 1921, page 4.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Olean Times Herald", "Haven", April 5, 1922, page 4.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reno Evening Gazette", "Women Taking Off Too Much She Says", April 7, 1920, page 9.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sandusky Star Journal", "Has Noted Artist's Idea of Beauty Changed In 8 Years?", December 7, 1920, page 6.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Washington Post", "Beauty Often a Handicap", August 3, 1919, page 57.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rubye De Remer at Virtual History

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Rubye De Remer

wikipedia_title: Rubye De Remer


text:
Adolph Rupp's
John Mauer
Louie Dampier
Jack Givens
Joe Holup
halfback
quarterback
Babe Parilli
Moe Williams
Georgetown College
Georgetown, Kentucky
World War II
United States Army
Spalding Sporting Goods Company

wikipedia_title:
Adolph Rupp
John Mauer
Louie Dampier
Jack Givens
Joe Holup
Halfback (American football)
Quarterback
Babe Parilli
Moe Williams
Georgetown College
Georgetown, Kentucky
World War II
United States Army
Spalding (company)

categories: American football halfbacks,All-American college men's basketball players,American army personnel of World War II,Power forwards (basketball),United States Army officers,Basketball players from Kentucky,American football quarterbacks,1996 deaths,1909 births,Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball players,Kentucky Wildcats football players,Sportspeople from Lexington, Kentucky,Georgetown Tigers football coaches,Georgetown Tigers men's basketball coaches,College men's basketball head coaches in the United States,Players of American football from Kentucky

paragraph: Carey Spicer

paragraph: Carey Alvin Spicer, Jr. (April 23, 1909 – December 5, 1996) was a two-time All-American basketball player at the University of Kentucky. He captained Adolph Rupp's first team in 1930-31, and became Rupp's first All-American. He was also an All-Conference Quarterback for the football team who played varsity tennis and ran track. Rupp called him "one of the greatest athletes in University of Kentucky history."

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Carey Alvin Spicer, Jr. was born in Lexington, KY on April 23, 1909. His father was a grocer. He, his brother William and his sister Stella were natural athletes who went on to play college basketball. William and Carey at Kentucky, and Stella at Georgetown College, one of the few schools with a women's college basketball program. Spicer was one of the top football and basketball players ever at the old Lexington High School. He made the All-State team in basketball, and 1926 All-State Tournament team and was president of his senior class.

paragraph: Section::::Basketball.

paragraph: Spicer was a two-time All-American and three-time All-Conference forward for the University of Kentucky basketball team. He won All-American honors under two different coaches, first John Mauer in 1929 and then Adolph Rupp in 1931. He was captain of Adolph Rupp's first basketball team in 1930-31 and was the team's leading scorer. That season, he scored 27 points in a 42-37 victory over Vanderbilt. He also set the then Southern Conference record for most points in a tournament game when he scored 22 points against Florida.

paragraph: In 1991, Spicer was in the second class of Kentucky basketball players to have his jersey retired, along with Louie Dampier and Jack Givens.

paragraph: Section::::Basketball.:Records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southern Conference - Most points, tournament game (22), record surpassed by Joe Holup in 1954

paragraph: Section::::Other sports.

paragraph: Spicer was an excellent all-around athlete. As a halfback, and quarterback in football he set several records that stood for more than 40 years. He scored 11 touchdowns and 75 points for Kentucky to lead the Southern Conference in scoring in the 1930 season. He also played tennis and ran track at Kentucky.

paragraph: Section::::Other sports.:Records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kentucky, most touchdowns, season (11), surpassed by Babe Parilli in 1950

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kentucky, most points, season (75), surpassed by Moe Williams in 1995

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: After graduating, Spicer coached basketball and football at Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky from 1931 to 1935. The Tigers basketball program went 12–43, including 0-3 versus Kentucky, over four seasons of basketball and a 13-20-2 record over four seasons of football. During World War II he was a captain in the United States Army. After returning from the war, he went to work for Spalding Sporting Goods Company selling equipment for a sport that he was never very good at—golf. Later, in 1979, he opened his own business, Carey Spicer and Associates in Carmel, IN, which continued to sell golf and sporting equipment. He married Katherine Drury, his high school sweetheart, and they had two children. Spicer died December 5, 1996 from cancer.

description: American football and basketball player and coach

wikidata_label: Carey Spicer

wikipedia_title: Carey Spicer


text:
American football
offensive tackle
college football
Columbia University
high school football
basketball
Columbia Lions
Dallas Cowboys
2012 NFL Draft
Cincinnati Bengals
Miami Dolphins
Tennessee Titans
Houston Texans
Baltimore Ravens
patellar tendon
Carolina Panthers
New York Jets
NFL Draft Scout
Columbia bio
Miami Dolphins bio
Tennessee Titans bio

categories: Houston Texans players,Dallas Cowboys players,Columbia Lions football players,Players of American football from Illinois,1989 births,Miami Dolphins players,Tennessee Titans players,Cincinnati Bengals players,People from Berwyn, Illinois,Living people,American football offensive tackles

paragraph: Jeff Adams (American football)

paragraph: Jeff Adams (born September 6, 1989) is an American football offensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Columbia University.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Adams played high school football and basketball for the Lyons Township High School Lions. He earned All-West Suburban Conference honors in both football and basketball. He captained the football team his senior year. Adams averaged 13 points, nine rebounds and two blocks per game in basketball. He was also named Class 8A Academic All-State.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Adams played for the Columbia Lions from 2008 to 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: Adams signed with the Dallas Cowboys on April 30, 2012 after going undrafted in the 2012 NFL Draft. He was released by the Cowboys on August 30, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cincinnati Bengals.

paragraph: Adams was signed to the Cincinnati Bengals' practice squad on September 2, 2012. He was released by the Bengals on November 13, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: Adams was signed to the Miami Dolphins' practice squad on November 19, 2012. He was released by the Dolphins on August 31, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.

paragraph: Adams was signed to the Tennessee Titans' practice squad on September 11, 2013. He was released by the Titans on August 29, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Texans.

paragraph: Adams signed with the Houston Texans on August 31, 2014. He made his NFL debut on December 21, 2014 against the Baltimore Ravens. On September 20, 2015, Adams tore his patellar tendon in a game against the Carolina Panthers and on September 21, 2015, Adams was placed on injured reserve.

paragraph: On September 3, 2016, Adams was released by the Texans. He was re-signed by the Texans on October 26, 2016. On November 7, Adams was once again released by the Texans and was re-signed to the practice squad two days later.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Jets.

paragraph: On February 8, 2017, Adams signed with the New York Jets. He was waived on September 1, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NFL Draft Scout

paragraph: BULLET::::- Columbia bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miami Dolphins bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tennessee Titans bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Jeff Adams

wikipedia_title: Jeff Adams (American football)


text:
Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Diocese of Sale
consecrated
Archbishop
Melbourne
Denis Hart
New South Wales
Perthville
St Stanislaus' College
priesthood
St Patrick's College
St Michael and St John's Cathedral
Institut Catholique
Paris
parish
Pope Francis
Christopher Prowse
Canberra-Goulburn
Roman Catholicism in Australia

categories: 21st-century Roman Catholic priests,1958 births,People from New South Wales,Living people

paragraph: Patrick O'Regan (priest)

paragraph: Patrick Michael O'Regan (born 8 October 1958) is a priest of the Catholic Church. O'Regan was elected as the 9th Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sale in 2014 and he was consecrated and installed as a bishop by the Archbishop of Melbourne, Denis Hart on 26 February 2015 at a ceremony in .

paragraph: Section::::Early years and background.

paragraph: O'Regan was born in , New South Wales, one of four children and grew up in the village of Perthville, located approximately south of Bathurst. Educated at St Joseph's Primary School, Perthville and St Stanislaus' College, Bathurst, O'Regan commenced study for the priesthood at St Columba College, and later at St Patrick's College. During his semester breaks it was reported that he pulled beers at the Majellan Club, carted feed and cut cauliflowers in the local market gardens.

paragraph: Ordained as a priest at St Michael and St John's Cathedral in Bathurst on 2 September 1983, O'Regan served as an assistant parish priest in parishes in , , and in Bathurst. During 1994 and 1995 O'Regan commenced higher studies at the Institut Catholique, Paris. He returned to Australia, initially to Orange, before being appointed as a parish priest in . O'Regan completed his higher studies in France during 2001 and 2002 graduating with a Licentiate in Liturgy and Sacramental Theology; returning to Australia in 2003 as parish priest of . In 2008 he was appointed as Diocesan Administrator in the Diocese of Bathurst; promoted to Diocesan Chancellor to 2009; to the Dean of the Cathedral in 2010; and concurrently as the Vicar General in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Sale.

paragraph: In December 2014 it was announced that Pope Francis had appointed O'Regan as the Bishop of Sale, replacing Christopher Prowse, who became the Archbishop of Canberra-Goulburn. O'Regan was consecrated and installed as Bishop on 26 February 2015, by Archbishop Denis Hart.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholicism in Australia

description: Catholic priest

wikidata_label: Patrick O'Regan

wikipedia_title: Patrick O'Regan (priest)


text:
Major League Baseball
outfield
St. Louis Browns
1923
hit
home runs
RBI
runs
Indianapolis, Indiana

categories: Baseball players from Indiana,St. Louis Browns players,1943 deaths,1896 births

paragraph: Bill Whaley

paragraph: William Carl Whaley (February 10, 1896 – March 3, 1943) was a Major League Baseball player. He played in the outfield and was 5 foot 11 and 178 pounds.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: His Major League debut was on April 16, 1923. Whaley played just 1 season in the league, as a member of the St. Louis Browns in 1923. In 23 career games, he had 12 hits with an average of .240. Bill had no home runs, 1 RBI, and 5 runs scored. His final career game was on October 6, 1923.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: William "Bill" Carl Whaley was born 10 February 1896 in Indianapolis, Indiana. His mother was Anna Schissel (1874-1936). She married Frank Walter Whaley (1869-1955) 27 October 1900 in Indianapolis, Indiana. The family story was that Elias Whaley, Frank's father, went to Indianapolis from California and broke up the marriage and brought Frank back to California and that this was not Frank Walter Whaley's son however Bill took the surname of Whaley.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bill married Miss Jessie Graves 3 November 1925 in Los Angeles, Califorinia. He married a second time to Ann Daly (1907 - 1957) 23 June 1935 in Indianapolis, Indiana.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crown Hill Cemetery

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Bill Whaley

wikipedia_title: Bill Whaley


text:
Italian
film actress
Sigillo rosso
Luigi Zampa
Anni ruggenti
James Bond
002 operazione Luna
A 001, operazione Giamaica
Joe Petrosino
Il 90
Beauties on Motor Scooters
Gastone
Tough Guys
Sexy Toto
They Call Me Hallelujah

categories: Italian film actresses,20th-century Italian actresses,1999 deaths,1924 births

paragraph: Linda Sini

paragraph: Linda Sini (13 February 1924 – 5 February 1999) was an Italian film actress.

paragraph: She made 75 appearances between 1950 and 1979 and several appearances after this, mostly in film.

paragraph: Debuting in "Sigillo rosso" in 1950, she went on to star in films such as Luigi Zampa's comedy "Anni ruggenti" (1962), and the James Bond spy spoofs "002 operazione Luna" and "A 001, operazione Giamaica" (1965).

paragraph: Although primarily a film actress, she did appear in "Joe Petrosino" (1972) and in "Il 90" in 1979. In 1986 she appeared in "Anemia".

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beauties on Motor Scooters" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gastone" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tough Guys" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sexy Toto" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They Call Me Hallelujah" (1971)

description: Italian film actor

wikidata_label: Linda Sini

wikipedia_title: Linda Sini


text: Mapuche

text: toqui

text: Loncothegua

text: malón

text: Bio-Bio River

text: Butapichón

text: cacique

text: Battle of Las Cangrejeras

text: Parliament of Quillin

text: Diego de Rosales

text: Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche

categories: 17th-century Mapuche people,People of the Arauco War,Tokis,Indigenous leaders of the Americas

paragraph: Lientur

paragraph: Lientur was the Mapuche toqui from 1618 to 1625. He was the successor to Loncothegua. Lientur with his vice toqui Levipillan was famed for his rapid "malóns" or raids. Because of his ability to slip back and forth over the Spanish border between its fortresses and patrols and raid deep into Spanish territory north of the Bio-Bio River without losses he was called "the Wizard" by the Spanish.

paragraph: In 1625 his successor Butapichón was elected when he resigned his office when he felt himself to be too old and tired to continue as before. However a cacique named Lientur continued to lead troops in the field. He was present leading troops at the Battle of Las Cangrejeras. A cacique of that name also participated in the Parliament of Quillin in 1641.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diego de Rosales, “Historia General del Reino de Chile”, Flandes Indiano, 3 tomos. Valparaíso 1877-1878.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia general de el Reyno de Chile: Flandes Indiano Vol. 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia general de el Reyno de Chile: Flandes Indiano Vol. 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche, Descripcion histórico-jeográfica del Reino de Chile TOMO I, precedida de una biografia del autor por don Miguel L. Amunátegui, Coleccion de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional TOMO VIII, SANTIAGO DE CHILE: IMPRENTA DE LA LIBRERÍA DEL MERCURIO de A. y M. Echeverria, Morando Núm. 38. 1878 (History of Chile 1542-1788)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juan Ignatius Molina, The Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chili, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, London, 1809

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Ignacio Víctor Eyzaguirre, Historia eclesiastica: Politica y literaria de Chile, IMPRENTA DEL COMERCIO, VALPARAISO, June 1830 List of Toquis, pg. 498-500.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anson Uriel Hancock, A History of Chile, Chicago, C. H. Sergel and Company, 1893

wikidata_label: Lientur

wikipedia_title: Lientur


text: civil engineer

text: marksman

text: John A. Roebling's Sons Company

text: Trenton, New Jersey

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: Milford, Pennsylvania

text: Stockholm, New Jersey

text: Bitterroot Mountains

text: Harper's Magazine

text: 1906 San Francisco earthquake

text: Ernest L. Ransome

text: environmental engineering

text: sustainable building

text: permaculture

text: Stockholm, New Jersey

text: Rock Lodge Club

text: picturesque

text: family values

text: Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library

text: Permaculture

text: Environmental engineering

text: Natural building

text: Sustainable architecture

text: Sustainable habitat

text: RockLodge.com

categories: American male non-fiction writers,1936 deaths,American architecture writers,American civil engineers,1865 births

paragraph: A. L. A. Himmelwright

paragraph: Abraham Lincoln Artman Himmelwright (February 7, 1865 – March 24, 1936), a civil engineer, author, builder, adventurer, and marksman was the general manager of The Roebling Construction Company, the New York City firm created by John A. Roebling's Sons Company of Trenton, New Jersey. Himmelwright's first and second names were given to him by his parents to honor the slain president, Abraham Lincoln, assassinated the year Himmelwright was born. In most of the works he authored he went by the name "ALA Himmelwright".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born on February 7, 1865, in Milford, Pennsylvania. In 1894 he was with the Carlin hunting party which left its cook, George Colgate behind to die. He purchased land in Stockholm, New Jersey and in 1907 completed a fireproof house made of stone. He died in 1936.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Himmelwright authored many books and articles, including a harrowing tale of a hunting trip in the Bitterroot Mountains of Idaho and a first-hand account of the famous Johnstown flood in Pennsylvania, published in "Harper's Magazine". The former recounted the fate of the "Carlin Hunting Party", in which Himmelwright participated. He wrote the account under the pseudomymn "Heclawa" because of the national notoriety which occurred when the disaster reached the nation's newspapers. The group's cook, George Colgate, died in difficult but disputed circumstances and some accused the men of abandoning him needlessly. For a discussion of the matter not entirely sympathetic to Himmelwright, see Ladd Hamilton's "Snowbound" (1997). For Himmelright's perspective, see his book "In the Heart of the Bitter-Root Mountains.

paragraph: Himmelwright's books on pistol shooting technique were among the most popular American books on the subject and remained in print from 1904 into the early 1940s. He was president of the U.S. Revolver Association, an early sport governing body, from 1904–1906 and won the Association's inaugural national revolver shooting championship match in 1900.

paragraph: An expert on the danger of fire, in 1899 The Roebling Construction Company published the first of many articles and books by Himmelwright concerning fireproof construction, "Tests of the Roebling System of Fireproof Construction". In 1906, The Roebling Construction Company sought to reinforce its brand and expertise in fireproof development when it published the Himmelwright book, "The San Francisco Earthquake and Fire : A Brief History of the Disaster ; A Presentation of Facts and Resulting Phenomena, With Special Reference to the Efficiency of Building Materials, Lessons of the Disaster". The catastrophic scale of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake spurned an era of innovation and adoption of new building technology, including reinforced concrete developed by inventors like Ernest L. Ransome.

paragraph: Section::::The Model Fireproof Farmhouse at Rock Lodge.

paragraph: Two years prior to the publication of "The San Francisco Earthquake and Fire", Himmelwright set out to personally prove the merits of fireproof construction, adding to his thinking a philosophy of environmental engineering, sustainable building and permaculture. He purchased of land about from New York City in Stockholm, New Jersey, and in 1907 completed the construction of what he called, a "Model Fireproof Farm House". Fire is a big danger on farms, and Himmewright believed it could be prevented with the use of stone found in the immediate environment. The setting for what is now known as "the Stone House" is on a hill or knoll and is in use today as a residence and overnight rental facility at the nonprofit Rock Lodge Club, a nudist resort. To give the setting a picturesque feel, and to provide pretty views from the model fireproof farmhouse, Himmelwright dredged land below the knoll and built a spring-fed lake, now known as Rock Lodge Pond, a popular summertime nudist swimming destination that is considered the centerpiece of Rock Lodge Club.

paragraph: When first constructed, features of the model fireproof farmhouse included a state-of-the-art wood fired water system which pumped spring water to a third-floor holding tank; a coal fired furnace with radiators in each room for heat; a similarly stone built garage of sufficient size to accommodate two large touring cars; and awnings and shutters with a concrete sidewalk all around. The walls are of granite, the floors and ceilings of poured concrete with steel reinforcement, the roof is lined with copper. Woodwork, plaster, brickwork, and concrete were all specced to be of "first class materials and workmanship". Himmelwright estimated its lifespan at 400–500 years.

paragraph: In 1913 Himmelwright published detailed engineering plans, drawings, and instructions on how to build replicas of the Stone House in a book, "A Model Fire-Proof Farm House or Country Home: Practical Suggestions for Economical and Enduring Construction, With Complete Plans and Specifications of A Model Building", dedicated to his son Kenneth who had drowned in the lake in 1911 at age 14. The book was first published by The Neale Publishing Company of New York, and republished by Rock Lodge Club on the 100th anniversary of its building in 2007.

paragraph: Himmelwright was an environmentalist before his time whose belief in sustainable building practices is strongly stated in his preface to "A Model Fire-Proof Farm House." He wrote:

paragraph: "A new epoch in home building is at hand. The wasteful, shortsighted and ephemeral methods of the past have become intolerable, and on account of our depleted timber supply, will soon be impossible.The conservation of the world's natural resources is attracting universal attention, and will undoubtedly receive a large portion of the best thought and consideration of the present generation. The conservation of individual resources and energy will follow as a natural consequence, and that is the keynote of this volume.

paragraph: "The reckless destruction of our forests by the early settlers, supplemented by the wasteful practices of the large lumber companies, and finally, the enormous destruction by forest fires, have brought about greatly changed conditions. Our timber supply has been depleted to such an extent that according to statistics prepared by the United States Government, we take from our forests each year, not counting loss and waste, three and one half times their yearly growth; in other words, we use forty cubic feet per acre for each twelve cubic feet grown. We use two hundred and sixty cubic feet per capita, while Germany uses thirty-seven and France thirty-five. The large per capita consumption in the United States is attributable partly to our great fire losses, but principally to the ephemeral and flimsy character of our buildings. If the present rate of demand and supply is not changed, our timber resources will be entirely exhausted in a few years. Such a result would have far reaching consequences, and would be a national calamity. This can be averted, (1) by substituting incombustible and more durable materials for wood, and (2) by employing proper safeguards and appliances, thus preventing a large part of the annual fire loss.

paragraph: "Twenty to fifty years ago when timber was abundant and the best only was selected for building purposes, much more durable houses were built than at present. Large sized and heavy pieces were used for the framing and the beams. These were frequently hewn by hand, so as to utilize the heart which is the best and most durable part of the timber.

paragraph: "The cost of lumber is now from two to five times as great as formerly, and the quality is generally much inferior. Wood or "frame" buildings, as now constructed, are serviceable only for periods of from twenty to fifty years. After this comparatively short term, they become unsafe for human habitation and can be utilized only for a few years more for storage, after which, if not demolished, they decay, become dangerous, and finally fall to pieces. By frequent painting, prompt repairs, renewals of roofs, sills, etc., the period of serviceability may sometimes be extended twenty to thirty years longer , but this presumes a practical knowledge of building construction, the exercise of intelligent watchfulness and judgment, and a willingness to expend money for repairs before such repairs are actually necessary— a combination seldom found in present day owners.

paragraph: "The home builders of the past generally took cognizance of their own immediate necessities and requirements only, and planned and built their homes accordingly. Such a course was the direct result of the fact that the serviceability of the buildings was limited to a period of one or two generations. In the design of a building which is to endure for an indefinite period, other features and a broader policy must influence the design. Instead of planning for his own family or his immediate successors, the designer of an enduring home must plan it so as to fulfill the requirements of an average family. Planned in this way, such a building will always be suitable for a majority of its future occupants and will have the maximum value."

paragraph: Himmelwright concluded the introduction, adding these comments linking family values to engineering and sustainable building practices:

paragraph: "A home built of durable and incombustible materials...conserves the resources and energies of the original owner and all his descendants. Its deterioration is inappreciable for from ten to twenty generations, during which time it retains its full original value, plus the added value due to the subsequent development and improvement of the section in which it is located. Consequently, it is a valuable inheritance to each succeeding generation. Furthermore, such a home is cumulative in its tendency and effect, in so far as its contents are concerned. Being durable, and fire-proof, it becomes a permanent receptacle for all the objects of intrinsic and sentimental value, accumulated by the original owner and his descendants; each generation adding its quota to the family treasures, until the home becomes a veritable storehouse of ever increasing value, not only financially, but educationally, and artistically. True, there may be periodical divisions and distributions of some of the contents, but this involves no sacrifice of actual value, and articles removed in this way often find their way back to such a home after the lapse of time. But by far the most important feature of a home of this character is the security and permanent immunity it affords against destruction by fire.

paragraph: "An enduring and fire-proof home, therefore, conserves the energy and resources of the successive owners, assures permanent safety, comfort and satisfaction, and unlike a frame building, it retains indefinitely its full value as an asset and inheritance."

paragraph: Section::::Books by A.L.A. Himmelwright.

paragraph: BULLET::::- material previously included within *

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Model for Fire-Proof Farm House or Country Home" (1913) An original volume of this book is available to researchers at the Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- (New Rev. Ed. 1928)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Permaculture

paragraph: BULLET::::- Environmental engineering

paragraph: BULLET::::- Natural building

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sustainable architecture

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sustainable habitat

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- RockLodge.com — Official Website. Reproductions of the Himmelwright 1913 engineering plans for the Stone House may be purchased from this nonprofit group for $15 plus shipping.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online etext of "In the Heart of the Bitter-Root Mountains".

description: American writer and engineer

wikidata_label: A. L. A. Himmelwright

wikipedia_title: A. L. A. Himmelwright


text: FRSE

text: mathematician

text: University of Dundee

text: London

text: Bloomsbury

text: City of London School

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: wrangler

text: Mathematical Tripos

text: Smith's Prize

text: Clifton College

text: Bristol

text: Fielden Lecturer

text: Owens College

text: Manchester

text: Perth

text: Royal Society of Edinburgh

text: Balfour Stewart

text: William Evans Hoyle

text: Patrick Geddes

text: Peter Guthrie Tait

text: Cargill Gilston Knott

text: Edmund Taylor Whittaker

text: Ernest Wedderburn

text: Ellice Horsburgh

text: University of St Andrews

text: Western Cemetery, Dundee

text: St Andrews University

text: James George Frazer

text: HMS Invincible

text: Battle of Jutland

categories: 19th-century English people,19th-century mathematicians

paragraph: John Steggall

paragraph: Prof John Edward Aloysius Steggall ARIBA FRSE LLD (1855–1935) was an English mathematician and professor at the University College, Dundee (now University of Dundee).

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: He was born on 19 November 1855 in London, the son of Dr J W B Steggall of Charing Cross Hospital, a physician and surgeon, living at Queen Square in Bloomsbury.

paragraph: He attended the City of London School before entering Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated second wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos of 1878 and winning the Smith's Prize of that year.

paragraph: He taught as Assistant Master at Clifton College, Bristol from 1878-1879, before becoming Fielden Lecturer at Owens College, Manchester, from 1880 to 1882. In 1883 he was appointed as the Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy (Physics) in the newly instituted University College at Dundee. He lived at "Woodend" in Perth.

paragraph: In 1885 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Balfour Stewart, William Evans Hoyle, Patrick Geddes and Peter Guthrie Tait. He resigned temporarily and was re-elected in 1914, his proposers being Cargill Gilston Knott, Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Sir Ernest Wedderburn and Ellice Horsburgh.

paragraph: He remained at Dundee University until 1933 when he retired after completing fifty years of professional work. St Andrews University (which at that time controlled Dundee University) awarded him an honorary doctorate (LLD) on his retiral.

paragraph: Steggall was an active member of the Association for the Improvement of Geometrical Teaching and member of the Dundee School Board. As an enthusiastic traveler and skilled amateur photographer, he traveled widely in Europe; his photographic collection is preserved in the library of the University of St Andrews.

paragraph: He died in Dundee on 26 November 1935 a few days after his 80th birthday. He is buried in the Western Cemetery, Dundee. The grave lies on the western wall on the lower section.

paragraph: A keen photographer he left a collection of over 2000 photographs to St Andrews University.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1878 he married Isabella Katherine Frazer (d.1945), sister of James George Frazer.

paragraph: Their only son, John William Abbot Steggall, was killed on 31 May 1916 serving on HMS Invincible on the first day of the Battle of Jutland.

description: Born: 19 November 1855 in London, England; Died: 26 November 1935 in Dundee, Scotland

wikidata_label: John Steggall

wikipedia_title: John Steggall


text:
humanist
Erasmist
Protestant
sect
Valladolid
converso
illuminati
Guadalajara
University of Valladolid
Bartolomé Carranza
Spanish Inquisition
University of Alcalá de Henares
Cardinal Cisneros
Diego Laínez
Society of Jesus
canon
cathedral of Salamanca
Charles V
conventicle
corregidor
Carlos de Seso
Juan de Valdés
Inquisitor General
Fernando de Valdés
King Philip II
burning at the stake
auto-da-fé
Sanbenito
Doña Leonora de Buiero
Lutheran
excommunication
banishment
Antonio Herrezuelo
Leonor de Cisneros
halberdier
Philip II
martyr

categories: Protestant martyrs of the Early Modern era,1510 births,People executed by strangulation,University of Valladolid alumni,16th-century Protestant martyrs,People executed for heresy,University of Alcalá alumni,16th-century Spanish people,1559 deaths,16th-century Spanish theologians,16th-century Christian theologians,People executed by the Spanish Inquisition

paragraph: Augustino de Cazalla

paragraph: Augustino de Cazalla (1510-1559), or Dr. Agustín Cazalla, was a Spanish clergyman, with humanist and Erasmist tendencies, who was prosecuted for founding a Protestant sect in Valladolid.

paragraph: The son of a royal accountant, Pedro de Cazalla, and Leonor de Vibero (or Vivero) - both were of 'converso' families - the nephew of Bishop Juan de Cazalla and the brother of María de Cazalla (of the group of illuminati in Guadalajara in 1525), he studied at the University of Valladolid with Bartolomé Carranza (who was also tried by the Spanish Inquisition) and at the University of Alcalá de Henares, where his uncle Juan was the former chaplain to Cardinal Cisneros and was also a renowned humanist and Erasmist. His classmate in Alcalá, Diego Laínez, was a founding member of the Society of Jesus.

paragraph: Augustino was a canon in the cathedral of Salamanca and became chaplain to the Emperor Charles V, accompanying him throughout Europe. On his return to Valladolid in 1552, he joined a conventicle considered heretical. Among this group of religious elites was the corregidor of Toro, Carlos de Seso with whom he had been in contact Juan de Valdés in Italy. Despite the strict rules and secrecy practiced within the circle they were discovered.

paragraph: Section::::Trial and Conviction.

paragraph: Cazalla was subjected to a carefully managed trial by the Inquisitor General, Fernando de Valdés, who communicated his findings to King Philip II. Upon a confession of heresy, the penalty was burning at the stake at a religious ceremonial auto-da-fé held in Valladolid on May 21st, 1559. Those who recanted, were granted the mercy of strangulation before burning. His siblings Francisco de Buiero, Beatriz and Pedro were also prosecuted and sentenced to the stake. Two more, Costanza de Buiero and Juan Buiero, were condemned to wear the Sanbenito and perpetual imprisonment (in all, they were ten brothers). The corpse of his mother Doña Leonora de Buiero was disinterred and thrown into the fire and as the "heretical" Lutheran conventicles had taken place in her home, the house was razed to the ground. A marble 'column of infamy' erected in its place, bore an inscription prohibiting the rebuilding of the house, or removal of plaque under penalty of excommunication and banishment from the Spanish realms.

paragraph: Scabrous details emerged excoriating Cazalla and the activities of the conventicle:

paragraph: An anecdote collected in a moralizing sermon of the 17th or 18th century:

paragraph: Given the alternative that was offered (being burned alive), the sincerity of Cazalla's retraction, although vehemently expressed, was considered questionable by a good many of the critical bibliographers, especially by Juan Antonio Llorente, and those present, such as his confessor, Antonio de la Carrera and the chronicler Antonio de Illescas take it for granted. He urged his companions in torture and execution, to recant. All, except Antonio Herrezuelo, recanted. Although he was known as "The Bachelor", he had a wife Leonor de Cisneros, who was among those who "reconciled" to the Roman Catholic faith. Upon discovering this on his way to the ceremonial cremation, he rebuked her harshly in passing. Herrezuelo's response to Augustino Cazalla was: "Doctor, I desire my soul now, not for a later time; and I never judged myself less than this judge." Hearing him speak in such manner a halberdier silenced him by wounding him with his weapon. He was burned alive.

paragraph: One account attributed Cazalla's "heresy" to:

paragraph: In one of the various accounts of Cazalla's last words he addresses Princess Juana of Austria (sister of Philip II, regent in his name) who had presided over the auto-de-fé, saying: "I gave you good doctrine; I preached well to you but for myself I chose the worst, I thought that this corruption was a golden mitre; and because of my evil works, I deserve what I get. Merciful Lady, remember my nephews, the children of the accountant Hernando Ortiz."

paragraph: After crying out to the executioner, "Oh brother, I believe, I believe," he kissed the cross and died.

paragraph: Section::::Memorial.

paragraph: Augustino Cazalla is considered a Protestant martyr and especially as a precursor for Spanish Protestants.

paragraph: In Valladolid, the site of his house and the column of infamy was preserved until 1776, when it was replaced (the original presumably had deteriorated) by a tombstone with a rectangle surmounted by a triangle, or semicircle, and the inscription:

paragraph: With the arrival of the Liberal Regime in 1820 the house was rebuilt on its original site, and the street was renamed 'Doctor Cazalla street'. His reputation was re-evaluated as an opponent of the Inquisition. Although the tombstone has not been preserved and no drawings exist, several copies of the text survive, some from the plate when it was dismantled and others from the City Council archives. Preserved texts attest the sign was replaced in 1776 due to deterioration. One text describes "a stone wall containing a sign manifesting his crime and his grief." A description thought to have been by an eyewitness, relates; "The first paragraph is written in a triangle and the second in a rectangle, so it is assumed that the plate had a semicircular shape at the top. Sangrador who wrote in Gothic script, says the sign was in a small hollow and closed by a wall. Leonor de Vivero, Cazalla's mother was erroneously named as his wife, due to a confusion of Pedro the father with Agustín the son of Pedro and Leonor.

alias:
Agustin de Cazalla
Augustino de Cazalla

description: Spanish canon

wikidata_label: Agustín de Cazalla

wikipedia_title: Augustino de Cazalla


text:
seignor
county governor
Norway
Copenhagen
Hamar
Reformation
Statholder of Norway
Akershus
stewardship
len
Akershus Fortress
Bratsberg
Gimsøy Abbey
Tønsberg County
Sunnmøre County
Northern Seven Years' War
Värmland
Dalsland
Västergötland
Jutland

categories: County Governors of Norway,Denmark–Norway,1579 deaths,1520 births

paragraph: Christen Munk

paragraph: Christen Munk (1520 – July 5, 1579) was a Danish seignor and county governor that served in Norway.

paragraph: In 1548, Munk became a member of the court in Copenhagen, and he participated in Princess Anna's travel entourage when she married in Saxony that year. In 1549 he became a seignor in Hamar and eventually acquired the properties of a number of monasteries that had become royal property after the Reformation. In 1556, he became the Statholder of Norway and seignor of Akershus, a position he held until 1572. This statutory position was a precursor to the stewardship that was created and existed with some disruptions until 1814.

paragraph: During the 1560s, Munk he ruled over Hamar County (i.e., "len") and Akershus County while residing at Akershus Fortress. In addition, he controlled a number of other smaller territories for a shorter or longer period, among them Bratsberg and Gimsøy Abbey, Tønsberg County, and Sunnmøre County.

paragraph: In 1567, Swedish troops moved against Akershus fortress during the Northern Seven Years' War and, in response to this threat, Munk also allowed Oslo to burn to prevent the Swedes from gaining a foothold in the city. A shortage of artillery and supplies caused the Swedes to withdraw after eight days. A few years later, Munk retaliated by sending troops into Värmland, Dalsland, and Västergötland in Sweden on raiding and plundering missions.

paragraph: In 1572 Munk moved to Jutland, where he died in Aakjær seven years later.

paragraph: At Akershus Fortress, both Munk Pond ("Munkedammen") and the Munk Tower ("Munketårnet") are named after him. The Munk Tower was the medieval fortress's water tower, which he converted into a cannon and gate tower in 1559.

wikidata_label: Christen Hansen Munk

wikipedia_title: Christen Munk