text:
British Supersport
Isle of Man TT
Suzuki
GSX-R750
World Supersport
Superbike racing
HM Plant
Honda
Swindon
Ryuichi Kiyonari
2006
Oulton Park
Gregorio Lavilla
Snetterton
Oulton Park
Leon Haslam
Jonathan Rea
Yamaha
Tom Sykes
Brands Hatch
Leon Haslam
Cadwell Park
Joey's Corner
Isle of Man TT

categories: Sportspeople from Sheffield,2014 deaths,British Supersport Championship riders,Sport deaths in the Isle of Man,1979 births,FIM Superstock 1000 Cup riders,Motorcycle racers killed while racing,English motorcycle racers,British Superbike Championship riders

paragraph: Karl Harris

paragraph: Karl Harris (21 October 1979 – 3 June 2014) was a three-time British Supersport champion. In 2010 he switched to the British Superstock Championship on a GR Motorsport Aprilia. Harris was killed when racing during the 2014 Isle of Man TT.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Harris started his career in 1996, moving through the junior ranks to race in the European Superstock Championship, winning the title on the Suzuki GSX-R750, as well as taking in some rounds of World Supersport in 1999, with a best result of 4th. He returned to the UK in 2001, racing a Suzuki in the British Supersport Championship, which he won. He then graduated to Superbike racing in 2002 on a Suzuki, but this was not a successful season. In 2003 and 2004, he again raced in Supersport for HM Plant Honda, winning the title in both years.

paragraph: Section::::British Superbikes 2005-2014.

paragraph: For 2005 Harris returned to BSB with a Honda run from their UK factory in Swindon, finishing 9th overall with a best result of 3rd.

paragraph: He moved to the main HRC Honda team alongside Ryuichi Kiyonari for 2006, taking a 2nd place at Oulton Park, less than 0.1 seconds behind race winner Gregorio Lavilla. A crash in the first race at Snetterton caused him to miss the second, although he was not seriously injured. He took his first pole position at Oulton Park that year. He came close to his first series win in the second race at Croft in the wet, passed by Leon Haslam with half a lap to go. While Kiyonari won the title, Harris finished fifth overall, behind the semi-works bike of Jonathan Rea, who replaced him in the factory team for 2007.

paragraph: He switched to the Hydrex Honda for 2007, with a best result in the first half of the season a 6th place, again showing good pace at Oulton Park. He scored an emotional second place in the second round at Oulton Park in August.

paragraph: For 2008 he moved to Rob Mac Racing, riding a factory Yamaha. He crashed in the first round after being struck by Tom Sykes' fallen Rizla Suzuki. He did not finish any of the first six races of the year, leading him to largely give up on the season. At the final meeting of the season he was quick in practice, before being forced to pull out. He made a one-off appearance on a works Yamaha in the World Supersport championship at Brands Hatch, crashing out of 5th place.

paragraph: For 2009 Harris moved to Shaun Muir's Hydrex Bike Devil's Honda team. He was tipped as a dark horse for the title by former rival Leon Haslam, but struggled to meet expectations. Following two second-place finishes in round two of the championship at Oulton Park, Harris struggled to compete with the championship contenders throughout the season. On 4 September 2009, with three rounds of the championship remaining, his contract with the Hydrex Honda team was terminated with immediate effect. having been on a race-by-race deal for much of the season due to Muir being unhappy with his performance He contested the final two rounds on a Sorrymate.com SMT Honda, but crashed heavily in the final meeting at Oulton Park.

paragraph: For 2010 he switched to the British Superstock Championship on a GR Motorsport Aprilia, but left the team after three disappointing races.

paragraph: 2012 Harris took the place of Gary Mason in the PR Racing under the banner of Quattro Plant Kawasaki. He raced in a few selected rounds and had some promising finishes including finishing 7th and 9th at Cadwell Park. These results were some of the team's best finishes all season. Karl then continued with PR Racing for the rest of the season racing at Assen(18th), Silverstone(13th) and Brands Hatch(12th).

paragraph: In 2013 Harris signed a new contract with PR Racing and started his first BSB season since 2009 when he was racing with Hydrex Honda.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Harris died on 3 June 2014 after an incident at Joey's Corner on the second lap of the Superstock Race during the 2014 Isle of Man TT.

paragraph: Section::::Career results.

paragraph: In 2012 Harris made his TT debut for the SMT Honda racing team finishing 21st in the superbike race and 28th in the superstock race whilst also lapping in excess of over 121 mph.

description: British motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Karl Harris

wikipedia_title: Karl Harris


text:
Dominican
relief pitcher
Hiroshima Toyo Carp
Nippon Professional Baseball
Colorado Rockies
Kansas City Royals
Boston Red Sox
San Francisco Giants
New York Mets
Baltimore Orioles
Major League Baseball
Texas Rangers
Hiroshima Toyo Carp
New York Yankees
Colorado Rockies
Kansas City Royals
Boston Red Sox
American League
San Francisco Giants
New York Mets
Texas Rangers
infielder
Coca-Cola
Hiroshima Toyo Carp
run
innings
striking out
batters
walking
posted
New York Yankees
Tampa Yankees
single-A advanced
Florida State League
record
earned run average
starts
Trenton Thunder
Double-A
Eastern League
Columbus Clippers
triple-A
International League
complete game
Norwich Navigators
Colorado Rockies
Shawn Chacón
Tulsa Drillers
Texas League
bullpen
Colorado Springs Sky Sox
Pacific Coast League
Rockies
Mike DeJean
Philadelphia Phillies
Chan Ho Park
at bat
San Diego Padres
Jeremy Fikac
Los Angeles Dodgers
Arizona Diamondbacks
Chicago Cubs
Steve Reed
Javier López
Rockies
disabled list (DL)
Kansas City Royals
Josh Fogg
Tom Martin
designated for assignment
Ryan Speier
Willy Taveras
Josh Newman
Coors Field
Kansas City Royals
Jorge de la Rosa
Royals
Colorado
Yorvit Torrealba
Chicago White Sox
Oakland Athletics
Ron Mahay
Joakim Soria
setup man
doubleheader
save
Roy Corcoran
Jason Grilli
American League
Francisco Rodríguez
Matt Thornton
Boston Red Sox
Coco Crisp
Red Sox
New York Yankees
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Royals
Alfredo Aceves
Craig Breslow
American League Division Series
Baltimore Orioles
Red Sox
Terry Francona
closer
Jonathan Papelbon
Michael Bowden
inherited runner
Athletics
Seattle Mariners
trade deadline
San Francisco Giants
Cubs
Diamondbacks
Giants'
Bruce Bochy
Brian Wilson
National League (NL) West
NLDS
Atlanta Braves
Rick Ankiel
NL Championship Series
Phillies
World Series
Rangers
Giants'
Padres
Oakland
Cubs
Philadelphia
Shane Victorino
Tony Bruno
Twitter
Diamondbacks
Andrés Torres
New York Mets
Ángel Pagán
Seattle Mariners
Baltimore Orioles
Texas Rangers
Ubaldo Jiménez
strikeouts
Camden Yards
2014 Major League Baseball season
Buck Showalter
Tigres de Quintana Roo
Sultanes de Monterrey
Mexican Baseball League
Vaqueros Unión Laguna
Mexican Baseball League
fastball
changeup
slider
José Mesa
Detroit Tigers
Christian music
Roberto Clemente Award

categories: Hiroshima Toyo Carp players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Charlotte Stone Crabs players,Tulsa Drillers players,Trenton Thunder players,Colorado Rockies players,New York Mets players,Tigres de Quintana Roo players,San Francisco Giants players,Norfolk Tides players,Colorado Springs Sky Sox players,Tampa Yankees players,Sultanes de Monterrey players,1981 births,Grand Canyon Rafters players,St. Lucie Mets players,Kansas City Royals players,Columbus Clippers players,Boston Red Sox players,Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic,Toros de Tijuana players,Dominican Republic people of African descent,Durham Bulls players,Caribbean Series players,Fresno Grizzlies players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Peoria Javelinas players,Tacoma Rainiers players,Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States,Baltimore Orioles players,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico,Mexican League baseball pitchers,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Japan

paragraph: Ramón Ramírez (Dominican pitcher)

paragraph: Ramón Emilio Ramírez (born August 31, 1981) is a Dominican relief pitcher who is currently a free agent. He pitched for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), and the Colorado Rockies, Kansas City Royals, Boston Red Sox, San Francisco Giants, New York Mets, and Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball (MLB).

paragraph: Ramírez was signed by the Texas Rangers in 1996, as an infielder. After one season in their minor leagues, he was released. He spent the next three years learning how to pitch before joining the Hiroshima Toyo Carp's Dominican academy in 2000. He pitched in two games with the Carp in 2002 and was signed by the New York Yankees in 2003. He spent 2.5 years in their minor leagues before getting traded to the Colorado Rockies in the middle of the 2005 season. Shortly after the 2006 season started, Ramírez was called up by the Rockies, and he went on to have a successful rookie season for them. In 2007, he had an 8.31 ERA with the Rockies and spent time on the disabled list and in the minor leagues. Before the 2008 season, he was traded to the Kansas City Royals. After one season with the Royals, he was traded to the Boston Red Sox. In 2009, his seven wins were tied for third among relief pitchers in the American League. After an inconsistent start to the 2010 season, Ramírez was traded to the San Francisco Giants. He posted a 0.67 ERA with the Giants, helping them reach the playoffs. He gave up runs in 4 of the 5 playoff games he pitched in, but the Giants won their first World Series since 1954. In 2011, Ramírez posted a career-best 2.62 ERA and was traded to the New York Mets after the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Texas Rangers.

paragraph: On December 27, 1996, the Texas Rangers signed Ramírez as an infielder, believing him to be 16 instead of 15. After one season with their Dominican affiliate, he was released on June 4, 1998.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Hiroshima Toyo Carp.

paragraph: After being released by the Rangers, Ramírez got a job at a Coca-Cola bottling plant while learning how to pitch. In 2000, he attended the Hiroshima Toyo Carp's academy in the Dominican Republic, and he appeared in two games for the Carp in 2002. He gave up one run in three innings while striking out three batters and walking two, and he was posted in 2003. The winning bid was placed by the New York Yankees, who signed him on March 5, 2003, and assigned him to their minor league system.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Yankees.

paragraph: Ramírez began his minor league career in 2003 with the Tampa Yankees of the single-A advanced Florida State League. After he had a 2–8 record, a 5.21 earned run average (ERA), 21 strikeouts, and innings pitched in 14 starts, he was promoted to the Trenton Thunder of the Double-A Eastern League. With the Thunder, he had a 1–1 record, a 1.69 ERA, 21 strikeouts, and innings pitched in four games (three starts), and this earned him a promotion to the Columbus Clippers of the triple-A International League. In two games (one start) with Columbus, he had an 0–1 record, a 4.50 ERA, five strikeouts, and six innings pitched. He finished his first minor league season with a 3–10 record, a 4.43 ERA, 96 strikeouts, and innings pitched in 20 games (18 starts).

paragraph: In 2004, Ramírez began the year with Columbus. After he had an 0–3 record, an 8.50 ERA, 17 strikeouts, and 18 innings pitched in four starts, he was demoted to Trenton on May 1. On August 17, he allowed just two hits in a 4–1 complete game victory over the Norwich Navigators while setting a team record by retiring the last 24 hitters he faced. With Trenton, Ramírez had a 4–6 record, a 4.62 ERA, two complete games, 128 strikeouts, and 115 innings pitched in 18 starts. His combined minor league totals were a 4–9 record, a 5.14 ERA, two complete games, 145 strikeouts, and 133 innings pitched in 22 starts.

paragraph: Ramírez began the 2005 season with Columbus again. After he had a 1–3 record, a 5.33 ERA, 23 strikeouts, and innings pitched in six starts for the Clippers, he was demoted to Trenton for the second year in a row. At Trenton, he had a 6–5 record, a 3.84 ERA, 82 strikeouts, and 89 innings pitched in 15 starts. On July 28, the Yankees traded Ramírez and Eduardo Sierra to the Colorado Rockies for Shawn Chacón.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Colorado Rockies.

paragraph: After being acquired by the Rockies, Ramírez was assigned to the Tulsa Drillers of the double-A Texas League. He made three starts with the Drillers before getting moved to the bullpen. In 9 games (3 starts) with Tulsa, Ramírez had a 2–1 record, a 5.33 ERA, 23 strikeouts, and innings pitched. His combined minor league totals were a 9–9 record, a 4.39 ERA, 131 strikeouts, and 141 1⁄3 innings pitched.

paragraph: Ramírez began with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox of the triple-A Pacific Coast League. After throwing a scoreless inning for Colorado Springs, he was called up by the Rockies on April 12 when Mike DeJean was placed on the disabled list. He made his debut on April 14, pitching two scoreless innings in a 10–8 loss to the Philadelphia Phillies. Five days later, he singled against Chan Ho Park in his first major league at bat in a 13–4 loss to the San Diego Padres. On April 25, he pitched scoreless innings and got his first major league win in a 7–6 victory over the Phillies. Ramírez began his career with scoreless innings in 11 games, which set a Rockies record for longest streak by a reliever to begin a career. It was the longest streak by a reliever to start a career since Jeremy Fikac threw 16 scoreless innings to start his career in 2001. Ramírez's streak ended on May 15, when he allowed three runs in of an inning and got his first career loss against the Los Angeles Dodgers, who won 5–4. On August 15, he set a career high with four innings pitched in the longest game in Rockies history, an 18-inning game against the Arizona Diamondbacks. He gave up a run in the 18th and suffered a loss in the 2–1 defeat. He had a 2.88 ERA in his first 47 games, but he posted a 5.09 ERA over his final 14 games, raising his season ERA to 3.46. On September 30, in his final game of the season, he pitched scoreless innings and got the win in a 14-inning, 11–9 victory over the Chicago Cubs. Ramírez finished the season with a 4–3 record, a 3.46 ERA, 61 strikeouts, and innings pitched in 61 games. His 61 games were the third-most by a Rockies' rookie pitcher, behind Steve Reed (64 in 1993) and Javier López (75 in 2003).

paragraph: Ramírez began the season with seven straight scoreless appearances for the Rockies. On April 21, he was placed on the disabled list (DL) (retroactive to May 18) with a sprained right elbow. He returned from the DL on May 15. After stretching his scoreless start to eight games, he posted a 22.24 ERA over his next seven games. On May 20, he gave up a career-high five runs in innings and got the loss in a 10–5 defeat to the Kansas City Royals. On June 7, he was optioned to Colorado Springs as Josh Fogg came off the disabled list. Ramírez was recalled on July 20 to replace Tom Martin, who was designated for assignment. After six games, he was returned to Colorado Springs as Ryan Speier was called up. A week later, he was recalled when Willy Taveras was placed on the disabled list, but he was returned to the minors two days later after appearing in one game. On September 8, he was called up and placed on the 60-day disabled list with elbow inflammation so the Rockies could put Josh Newman on their roster. Ramírez finished the season with a 2–2 record, an 8.31 ERA, 15 strikeouts, and innings pitched in 22 games. He did not allow an earned run in 11 road games, but he had a 17.28 ERA in 11 games at Coors Field. Although he did not pitch in the playoffs for the Rockies at all (since he was injured), he was still presented with an NL Championship ring. At Colorado Springs, Ramírez had a 4–0 record, a 2.28 ERA, 35 strikeouts, and innings pitched in 25 games.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Royals.

paragraph: Ramírez was traded to the Kansas City Royals on March 26, , for a player to be named later (Jorge de la Rosa). He posted a 0.66 ERA through his first 13 games with the Royals, but his ERA rose to 3.49 after he posted a 6.14 ERA in his next 13 games. Over his final 45 games, he had a 2.08 ERA. On June 25, in a 7–3 victory over Colorado (his former team), Ramírez threw two pitches behind Yorvit Torrealba of the Rockies. Ramírez said he was not trying to hit Torrealba, and he was not ejected from the game or disciplined, but some of the Rockies players claimed that Ramírez had thrown at Torrealba intentionally. On July 20, he got his first win since May 21 of the previous year in an 8–7 victory over the Chicago White Sox, despite blowing the lead by giving up two runs in innings. Ten days later, he pitched scoreless innings and was charged with the win in a 4–3 victory over the Oakland Athletics, helping the Royals sweep the Athletics in Oakland for the first time since 1988. By September, he had replaced Ron Mahay as Joakim Soria's setup man. He pitched in 71 games for the Royals with a 2.64 ERA. On September 4, in the second game of a doubleheader, Ramírez notched his first career save against the Athletics in a 9–6 victory. Ramírez finished the year with a 3–2 record, a 2.64 ERA, one save, 70 strikeouts, and innings pitched in 71 games. He was one of three major league pitchers to give up two or fewer home runs in over 70 innings (along with Roy Corcoran and Jason Grilli), and he was one of the American League (AL) pitchers to have an ERA under 3.00 with at least 70 innings pitched and 70 strikeouts (along with Francisco Rodríguez and Matt Thornton).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Boston Red Sox.

paragraph: On November 19, Ramírez was traded to the Boston Red Sox for outfielder Coco Crisp. On April 24, , he pitched a scoreless inning for the Red Sox and earned the win in an 11-inning 5–4 victory over the New York Yankees. He began his Red Sox tenure with 15 straight scoreless innings spanning 13 games from April 8 to May 3. On May 14, he pitched a season-high innings, giving up no runs in a 12-inning, 5–4 loss to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He struck out a season-high four batters and allowed a run in innings on July 9 in an 8–6 loss to the Royals. Ramírez finished the season with a 7–4 record, a 2.84 ERA, 52 strikeouts, and innings pitched. His seven wins were tied for third among AL relief pitchers and trailed only Alfredo Aceves (10) and Craig Breslow (8). Ramírez reached the playoffs for the first time in his career, as the Red Sox won the Wild Card. In Game 1 of the American League Division Series (ALDS), he gave up two runs without recording an out in his only playoff appearance, a 5–0 loss to the Angels. The Angels went on to sweep the Red Sox in three games.

paragraph: On April 27, , Ramírez got his first save since 2008 in a 2–1 win over the Baltimore Orioles, since Red Sox manager Terry Francona wanted to rest closer Jonathan Papelbon. He was charged with a loss on July 20 after pitching innings when Michael Bowden allowed an inherited runner to score in the 10th inning of a 5–4 loss to the Athletics. Two days later, he got a save in a 13-inning, 8–6 win over the Seattle Mariners. Ramírez had an 0–3 record, a 4.46 ERA, 2 saves, 31 strikeouts, and innings pitched with the Red Sox through July 31, the trade deadline. That day, he was traded to the San Francisco Giants for Dan Turpen.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco Giants.

paragraph: Ramírez got his only win of the year by pitching a scoreless inning on September 21 in a 1–0 victory over the Cubs. He got a save against the Diamondbacks on September 30, since Giants' manager Bruce Bochy wanted to rest closer Brian Wilson, in a 4–1 victory. Ramírez posted a 1–0 record, an 0.67 ERA, 15 strikeouts, and 27 innings pitched in 25 games for the Giants as they won the National League (NL) West and reached the playoffs for the first time since 2003. For the entire season, Ramírez had a 1–3 record, a 2.99 ERA, 46 strikeouts, and innings pitched in 69 games. Ramírez's only appearance in the NLDS against the Atlanta Braves came in Game 2 on October 8, when he gave up a home run to Rick Ankiel in the 11th inning and was charged with a loss (the Giants' only loss of the series) in the 5–4 defeat. In Game 2 of the NL Championship Series, Ramírez gave up two runs in of an inning as the Giants lost 6–1 to the Phillies. In Game 5, the Giants' other loss in the series, he gave up a run in innings as the Giants lost 4–2. On October 27, in Game 1 of the World Series, he gave up two runs in inning, but the Giants defeated the Rangers 11–7. He pitched scoreless innings in Game 3 on October 30, but the Giants lost 4–2. However, that was the Giants' only loss of the series, as they defeated Texas in five games and won their first World Series since 1954.

paragraph: Ramírez earned a save on April 6, , by pitching of an inning to escape a bases-loaded situation in the Giants' 8–4 win over the Padres. On June 18, he pitched a season-high innings, allowing no runs in a 4–2 loss to Oakland. He allowed a season-high four runs in innings and took the loss on June 30 in an 11-inning, 5–2 defeat to the Cubs. On August 5, in an eventual 9–2 loss to Philadelphia, Ramírez hit Shane Victorino with a pitch, and a brawl started. Ramírez was subsequently ejected from the game. Afterwards, Philadelphia talk-show host Tony Bruno sparked controversy by posting on his Twitter account that Ramírez was an illegal alien, although he later removed the post. On September 4, Ramírez struck out four batters but gave up a run in innings in a 4–1 loss to the Diamondbacks. Two days later, he got his final save of the year when he threw a scoreless of an inning in a 6–4 victory over San Diego. In 66 games that season, Ramírez had a 3–3 record, a 2.62 ERA, four saves, 66 strikeouts, and innings pitched.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: On December 7, the Giants traded Ramírez and Andrés Torres to the New York Mets for Ángel Pagán. Ramírez avoided arbitration with the Mets by signing a one-year, $2.65 million contract with them on January 17, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco Giants (second stint).

paragraph: Ramírez signed a minor league contract with the Giants in 2013, but he was released on March 22 after posting an 11.25 ERA in spring training. He was re-signed and appeared in 6 games for the Giants before being designated for assignment.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Rays.

paragraph: On July 1, 2013 Ramirez signed a minor league deal with the Tampa Bay Rays organization.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Mariners.

paragraph: On January 2, 2014, Ramirez signed a minor league deal with the Seattle Mariners. On April 29, he was released after allowing 5 runs in less than 5 innings in AAA.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: On May 30, 2014, Ramirez signed a minor league deal with the Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: On June 30, 2014, Ramirez made his Orioles debut in the ninth inning against the Texas Rangers, relieving Ubaldo Jiménez after pitching 8 innings only allowing 1 run pass. This was not a save opportunity since the Orioles were winning 7-1 in Baltimore. He allowed one walk and had two strikeouts. He helped Jimenez get his first win at Camden Yards of the 2014 Major League Baseball season. Ramírez had never met the Orioles manager Buck Showalter before his debut with the Orioles which has never happened to Buck in his Career. He was designated for assignment on July 6, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

paragraph: On December 13, 2015, Ramirez signed a minor league deal with the Angels.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tigres de Quintana Roo.

paragraph: He became a free agent from the Tigres de Quintana Roo after the 2016 season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Sultanes de Monterrey.

paragraph: On June 1, 2017, Ramirez signed with the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on July 10, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Vaqueros Unión Laguna.

paragraph: On July 11, 2017, Ramirez signed with the Vaqueros Unión Laguna of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on February 1, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Pitching style.

paragraph: Ramírez throws three pitches: a fastball, a changeup, and a slider. His fastball ranges from 92 to 94 mph, and Ramírez considers it his best pitch. His changeup and slider have been described as "above-average" on scouting reports.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Ramírez is friends with José Mesa. Mesa helped teach Ramírez English, helped teach him how to pitch, and translated for him in 2006 while both were with the Rockies. After Mesa signed with the Detroit Tigers in 2007, Ramírez still remained in contact with him. Ramírez enjoys Christian music, and he sings it at his house. He often donates baseball equipment to children who need it, and in 2006 the Rockies recognized him for this by making him their Roberto Clemente Award nominee.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- In-line citations

description: Baseball pitcher

wikidata_label: Ramón Ramírez

wikipedia_title: Ramón Ramírez (Dominican pitcher)


text:
Plattsburgh, New York
United States House of Representatives
Lorraine
France
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Zephaniah Platt
Plattsburgh, New York
fur trade
potash
John Jacob Astor
Court of Common Pleas
town supervisor
New York State Assembly
Clinton County
Ninth Congress
Democratic-Republican
War of 1812
James Wilkinson
Champlain Valley
Canada

categories: Members of the New York State Assembly,1754 births,Politicians from Plattsburgh, New York,People from Lorraine,Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state),New York (state) state court judges,1826 deaths,New York (state) Democratic-Republicans,French emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Peter Sailly

paragraph: Peter Sailly (April 20, 1754 – March 16, 1826) was a politician and public official from Plattsburgh, New York. He served one term as a member of the United States House of Representatives.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sailly was born and educated in Lorraine, France, where he was involved in the iron manufacturing business. He immigrated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1783, purchased land from Zephaniah Platt, and settled in what is now Plattsburgh, New York. He was active in the lumber business, owned several stores, and was a successful fur trader and potash manufacturer. As a result of their shared interest in the fur business, Sailly formed a longstanding friendship with John Jacob Astor.

paragraph: From 1788 to 1796 Sailly was an associate justice of the Court of Common Pleas. He was Plattsburgh's commissioner of highways and school commissioner in 1797 and 1798, and town supervisor in 1799 and 1800.

paragraph: Sailly was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1803, and judge of the Clinton County court from 1804 to 1806.

paragraph: In 1804 Sailly was elected to the Ninth Congress as a Democratic-Republican, and he served from March 4, 1805 to March 3, 1807.

paragraph: Sailly was not a candidate for renomination in 1806. He was appointed U.S. Collector of Customs in Plattsburgh, and served from 1807 until his death.

paragraph: During the War of 1812 Sailly was appointed keeper of the public stores, a position that gave him responsibility for all government warehouses in upstate New York. in addition, he provided U.S. commanders, including James Wilkinson, intelligence about the Champlain Valley and British troop activities in New York and southern Canada.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: He died in Plattsburgh on March 16, 1826. Sailly was buried at Plattsburgh's Riverside Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Sailly was married twice. His first wife, Maria Louise Eleonore Caillat, died in 1786. In 1789 he married Marianne Adelaide Grielle, who died in 1830.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Sailly was the subject of a biographical work, 1919's "Peter Sailly, Plattsburgh and Champlain Valley Pioneer (1754–1826): Extracts from his Diary and Letters", by George S. Bixby.

paragraph: Sailly Avenue in Plattsburgh is named for him.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Peter Sailly

wikipedia_title: Peter Sailly


text:
Hebrew
Benjamin Wolf Spira
Yaakov Reischer
Avraham Gombiner
Tiktin
Talmudic academy
Prague
Mordecai Yoffe
Shulhan Aruk
Oraḥ Ḥayyim
posthumous
novellæ
Elijah ben Wolf Spira
manuscript
Bible
Talmud
responsa
Eliyahu Rabbah
Fürst, Bibl. Jud.
Zunz

categories: Early Acharonim,Rabbis of Prague,Czech Orthodox rabbis,People from Prague,Austrian rabbis,Czech rabbis,Austrian Orthodox rabbis,1712 deaths,18th-century rabbis,1660 births

paragraph: Elijah Spira

paragraph: Elijah Spira (1660–1712) (alternatively, "Shapira" or "Shapiro", Hebrew: אליהו שפירא) was son of Benjamin Wolf Spira. He was a brother-in-law of Yaakov Reischer , and a student of Avraham Gombiner .

paragraph: He was rabbi at Tiktin, and afterward preacher and director of a large Talmudic academy in his hometown of Prague. He published "Eliyahu Zuṭa," a commentary on that part of Mordecai Yoffe's "Levush" relating to the "Shulhan Aruk", "Oraḥ Ḥayyim" (Prague, 1689, 1701). He died at Prague April 14, 1712.

paragraph: His valuable work "Eliyahu Rabbah" (Sulzbach, 1757), containing discussions on the "Oraḥ Ḥayyim", was printed posthumously by his son, whose name is not given. "Shishah Shiṭṭot," novellæ on six Talmudic tractates, were published by his grandson Elijah ben Wolf Spira (Fürth, 1768). His manuscript works, including commentaries on the Bible and Talmud, as well as sermons, responsa, etc., were destroyed by fire in 1754.

paragraph: Section::::Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eliyahu Rabbah, Preface;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fürst, Bibl. Jud. i. 239 (contains many incorrect statements);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zunz, Monatstage, p. 19.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: Austrian rabbi

wikidata_label: Elijah Spira

wikipedia_title: Elijah Spira


text:
rabbi
talmudist
Stühlingen
Fürth
Prague
yeshiva
Maria Theresa of Austria
Bohemia
Black Forest
Mühringen
Horb am Neckar
Asher ben Jehiel
Karlsruhe
Moed
Nashim
Rastatt
Shulhan Aruk
Pentateuch
Fürst, Bibl. Jud.

categories: Early Acharonim,1687 births,People from Stühlingen,German rabbis,1769 deaths

paragraph: Nathaniel Weil

paragraph: Nathaniel Weil (1687 – 7 May 1769) was a rabbi and talmudist born at Stühlingen, son of Naphtali Zvi Hirsch Weil.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His mother took him to Fürth when he was ten years old, and sent him afterward on a wagon to Prague, where his father's brother, Lippman Weil, adopted him. Although so young, he was granted permission to attend the lectures of R. Abraham Broda, head of the Prague yeshiva; R. Abraham was so impressed with him that he arranged a match between him and R. Abraham's niece, Vögele פיגלא. The wedding was celebrated in 1708, and when R. Abraham was called to the rabbinate of [Metz], Nathaniel came with him. In 1717 he returned to Prague, where he occupied himself with Talmudic studies and with teaching thousands of students, while drawing a scanty salary as assistant rabbi of Prague.

paragraph: Weil remained in Prague until the issue of the edict of Maria Theresa of Austria of Dec. 18, 1744, ordering the expulsion of all Jews from Bohemia. This proved to be the means of releasing him from a burdensome existence, for he was then offered the rabbinate of the Black Forest, with headquarters in Mühringen (near Horb am Neckar). He assumed office in 1745, and held it for five years, writing the greater part of his commentary on Asher ben Jehiel during that time. In 1750 he was called as rabbi to Karlsruhe, and there he completed the commentary in the spring of 1754. It was published at Karlsruhe in 1755 under the title "Korban Nethan'el," and was later printed together with "Asheri" in editions of the Talmud, although it embraces only the orders Moed and Nashim.

paragraph: Nathaniel officiated in Karlsruhe for about twenty years, and died at Rastatt on May 7, 1769. In addition to the "Ḳorban Netan'el," which was published by himself, he was the author of two works published posthumously by his son Simeon Hirsch:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Netib Ḥayyim" (Fürth, 1779), containing critical notes on the "Shulhan Aruk", "Oraḥ Ḥayyim", and its commentaries, the "Ṭure Zahab" and "Magen Abraham"

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Torat Netan'el" (ib. 1795), in two parts, the first consisting of a collection of his responsa, and the second consisting of halakic derashot on the Pentateuch

paragraph: Also published posthumously is:

paragraph: "Minhat Netanel" (Bilgoray, 1936), selected notes by R. Nathaniel Weil on the Babylonian Talmud.

paragraph: "Korban Netanel al Ha-Shas" (Jerusalem, 1995), R. Nathaniel Weil's commentary on the Babylonian Talmud.

paragraph: The photograph posted is of the backside of the newly renovated tombstone. Attached is a photograph of the front of the newly renovated tombstone.

paragraph: BULLET::::- L. Löwenstein, "Beiträge zur Gesch. der Juden in Deutschland," ii, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1898;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinschneider, "Cat. Bodl." col. 2053;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fürst, Bibl. Jud. iii.501.

description: German rabbi

wikidata_label: Nathaniel Weil

wikipedia_title: Nathaniel Weil


text:
Ancient Egypt
pharaoh
Amenhotep III
18th dynasty
Great Royal Wife
Tiye
Akhenaten
Henuttaneb
colossal statue from Medinet Habu
Sitamun
Isis
Beketaten

categories: 14th-century BC women,Princesses of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt

paragraph: Nebetah

paragraph: Nebetah was one of the daughters of Ancient Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III of the 18th dynasty and his Great Royal Wife Tiye. She was a younger sister of Akhenaten.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nebetah's name means "Lady of the Palace". Her name, like that of her elder sister Henuttaneb was also frequently used as a title for queens. She was possibly one of the youngest of the royal couple's children, since she does not appear on monuments on which her elder sisters do. She is shown on a colossal statue from Medinet Habu. This huge sculpture shows Amenhotep III and Tiye seated side by side, "with three of their daughters standing in front of the throne--Henuttaneb, the largest and best preserved, in the centre; Nebetah on the right; and another, whose name is destroyed, on the left."

paragraph: Unlike her sisters Sitamun and Isis, she was never elevated to the rank of queen, and her only known title is "King's Daughter Whom He Loves" (the usual title for princesses). This, combined with the fact that after Amenhotep III's death she ceases to be mentioned, suggests that she died at an early age. It was once suggested that she was renamed during the Atenist reforms started by her brother, and is identical with Princess Beketaten who was never mentioned before the reforms.

description: Ancient Egyptian princess

wikidata_label: Nebetah

wikipedia_title: Nebetah


text:
Moscow
Russian Empire
Paris
France
Art Nouveau
Ecole des Beaux-Arts
Julien Guadet
Edmond Paulin
Yvette Guilbert

categories: 1911 deaths,Alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts,1869 births,People from Moscow

paragraph: Xavier Schoellkopf

paragraph: Xavier Schoellkopf (1869 Moscow, Russian Empire – 1911 Paris, France), was a Russian-born French architect, now recognized as one of the handful of Parisian masters of Art Nouveau at the turn of the twentieth century.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Schoellkopf was born in Moscow in 1869 to French parents. He matriculated to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where he trained under the "patrons" Julien Guadet and then Edmond Paulin when the latter took over Guadet's atelier in 1895. These men were traditional classicists; in 1863–64 Guadet had been one of the students who led a successful revolt against the medievalist Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-duc when the latter had been appointed to head the school. Beginning his studies in 1889 in the entry-level second class, he distinguished himself with four medals there and was promoted to the first class in 1892, receiving medals for his work submitted to the salons of 1895 and 1896. he left the Ecole that year without a degree to begin his own practice.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Although Guadet and Paulin had distinguished themselves as rather conservative designers, Schoellkopf became one of the leading practitioners of the upstart new style that took hold in Paris during the 1890s, Art Nouveau, which was characterized by its asymmetry, emphasis on line, whiplash and irregular curves, movement, and in many cases its frank use of iron, glass, and modern, non-traditional materials. Schoellkopf's career virtually paralleled that of Art Nouveau's existence in Paris, as he launched his practice at almost exactly the same time that the style arrived in the city, and died just as the fad's popularity had expired, just before the outbreak of the First World War.

paragraph: Schoellkopf's buildings mostly consisted of speculative apartment houses that were populating the fashionable western 16th and 17th arrondissements as well as private town houses. Very little survives of Schoellkopf's own words about architecture. In one, published in the review "L'Art décoratif" in 1901, he disclosed that he hoped to create a new kind of building adapted to modern needs that might be able to capture the building's "raw character" that he claimed was lost upon its completion. That same year, he completed probably his best-known work, the townhouse on the avenue d'Iéna for the singer and cabaret performer Yvette Guilbert (now demolished), whose façade might be described as a wedding cake of arabesques and contours translated into stone.

paragraph: Schoellkopf's opportunity for creativity seems to have declined as the popularity of Art Nouveau quickly vanished for a variety of reasons, chiefly political, over the first decade of the twentieth century. He only produced a handful of works, and only a portion of those actually survive to the present day. The Hôtel Sanchez de Larragoiti, a private townhouse in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, now serves as the Iranian embassy to France.

paragraph: Schoellkopf died in Paris in 1911. He is interred at the cemetery of St-Vincent de Montmartre in northern Paris, where his small tomb is ornamented with a copper medallion by the sculptor of many of his façades, Marcel Rouillère.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1897–1898: apartment building at 4 avenue d'Iéna, Paris (now the embassy of Iran)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1898: apartment building at 92–94 avenue de la République et 60 rue Servan, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900–1901: townhouse for Yvette Guilbert, 28bis boulevard Berthier, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1901: apartment building at 29 boulevard de Courcelles, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1908: apartment building at 90 avenue Parmentier, Paris

description: Russian-born French architect

wikidata_label: Xavier Schoellkopf

wikipedia_title: Xavier Schoellkopf


text: aeronautical

text: engineer

text: Talleres Loring

text: Colonial Cuba

text: aerostat

text: Colonel Vives

text: balloon

text: Spanish North Africa

text: peninsular Spain

text: Alfredo Kindelán

text: Emilio Herrera

text: Enrique Arrillaga

text: José Ortiz Echagüe

text: Tétouan aerodrome

text: Lohner B.I

text: Austria-Hungary

text: Cuatro Vientos

text: Barrón "Flecha"

text: Hispano-Suiza

text: Alfonso XIII

text: Carde y Escoriaza

text: Saragossa

text: Barrón W

text: SPAD S.VII

text: Loring Pujol y Cia

text: Hispano Barrón

text: World War I

text: Tablada Aerodrome

text: Seville

text: Commander

text: military airbase

text: Talleres Loring

text: Fokker C.IV

text: surveillance aircraft

text: General Primo de Rivera

text: Loring R.I

text: Spanish Army

text: Loring R-III

text: Hispano-Suiza 12Hb

text: Loring R-II

text: Loring C-I

text: Loring T.1

text: Loring E.II

text: Elizalde A6

text: Kinner K-5

text: Fernando Rein Loring

text: Manila

text: stroke

text: hemiplegia

text: Loring T-3

text: three-engined

text: Loring B-2

text: Spanish Republic

text: pension

text: aeronautical engineer

text: Great Depression

text: Jorge Loring

text: Spanish Civil War

text: Queipo de Llano

text: Colonel

text: General

text: "Eduardo Barrón y Ramos de Sotomayor"

text: List of Interwar military aircraft

text: Ejército del Aire - Triplano Barrón

text: Barron delta

categories: Aircraft designers,Aerial warfare pioneers,People from Matanzas,Spanish aviators,1949 deaths,Spanish engineers,Spanish military personnel,1888 births

paragraph: Eduardo Barrón

paragraph: Eduardo Barrón (full name Eduardo Barrón y Ramos de Sotomayor; b. 7 September 1888 - d. 13 January 1949) was a Spanish aeronautical engineer and military pilot who led the design department at "Talleres Loring" from 1923 to 1930.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Eduardo Barrón was born in a village in Colonial Cuba and his family moved to Spain towards the turn of the century, settling in Madrid. He studied at the Academy of Military Engineering of Guadalajara in 1902, becoming an apprentice lieutenant in 1907. Barrón was posted to the "Compañía de Aeroestación y Alumbrado en Campaña" aerostat section in 1908 under Colonel Vives, becoming a certified balloon pilot in July 1909. His unit was transferred to Spanish North Africa where he took part in the local military campaigns between 1909 and 1910.

paragraph: In 1911 Barrón was transferred back to peninsular Spain where he was selected to become an aircraft pilot together with pioneering Spanish military airmen Alfredo Kindelán, Emilio Herrera, Enrique Arrillaga and José Ortiz Echagüe. Barrón became the second person to pass the first Military pilot training course in Spain. The following year he was promoted as a Captain of the newly created Aeronautics section that was separated from the aerostat section under the orders of Alfredo Kindelán.

paragraph: In 1913 Barrón was posted to the Tétouan aerodrome, where he was in charge of the Lohner B.I aircraft newly bought from Austria-Hungary. He carried out reconnaissance and light bombing in the Tétouan area as leader of the group.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early aircraft development.

paragraph: In 1914 Barrón was transferred to Cuatro Vientos near Madrid in order to become involved in aircraft construction at the new military aircraft workshop. He modified the Lohner biplanes producing a new model that would be known as Barrón "Flecha", credited to be the first step of the Spanish aeronautical industry. The plane made its first flight in April 1915, following which he fitted the "Flecha" with a more powerful 140 hp Hispano-Suiza motor for a demonstration flight before King Alfonso XIII on 27 July. Following the successful demonstration the Carde y Escoriaza company, based in Saragossa, was commissioned to build twelve "Flecha" planes that would not be ready until 1916.

paragraph: Barrón continued modifying the "Flecha" prototype, producing a new Hispano-Suiza-fitted model which had improved visibility for the pilot and which he named Barrón W. Subsequently twelve Barrón W were built at the Cuatro Vientos workshops. After a visit to France, where he studied in depth the building of the SPAD S.VII, he built a version of the same plane that he would designate "España", also fitted with a Hispano-Suiza motor. The "Loring Pujol y Cia" company in Barcelona was commissioned with building twelve units of the "Barrón España", but these never entered active service owing to serious construction flaws.

paragraph: In 1917 Barrón, left the military in order to lead the aviation section of 'La Hispano', a subsidiary company of Hispano-Suiza. He designed a reconnaissance and a fighter plane for the company in 1918, the Hispano Barrón. However, the stock of cheap and more technologically advanced World War I planes available at the end of the conflict foreclosed any incentive for the development of a local aircraft industry for the time being.

paragraph: Barrón returned to the military profession in 1920 and was posted to the Tablada Aerodrome near Seville. In August 1921 he became Commander and was transferred back to Cuatro Vientos in order to take charge of the direction of the workshops and stores "(Talleres y Almacenes)". In 1922 he was transferred again to Seville as chief of the military airbase and in October the same year he married Matilde de la Vega y Martínez de Mora.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Engineer at Loring and retirement.

paragraph: Barrón returned to Cuatro Vientos in order to become chief engineer at a newly built aeronautical factory, "Talleres Loring", which had won a contract to produce Fokker C.IV reconnaissance planes under licence.

paragraph: While at Loring Barrón designed and tested his own planes in flight, beginning with the Loring RB military surveillance aircraft, an obscure monoplane prototype of which there are no data. Meanwhile, General Primo de Rivera took power and began a dictatorship that sought to protect and promote local industries. Thanks to this support, Barrón's following project, the Loring R.I reconnaissance and light bomber, went into production and thirty units were built for the "Aeronáutica Militar" of the Spanish Army. Based on this plane he designed and developed the Loring R-III, an aircraft of similar characteristics powered by a Hispano-Suiza 12Hb, which went into production with a total of 110 units built. These were delivered to the "Aeronáutica Militar" beginning in 1929, still during Primo de Rivera's dictatorship.

paragraph: Meanwhile, and despite the favorable situation the Spanish aeronautical industry enjoyed, other planes designed by Barrón remained in the prototype stage. Among these the following deserve mention: the Loring R-II, the Loring C-I fighter, the Loring T.1 trainer, and the Loring E.II light plane powered by an Elizalde A6 110 hp radial engine. A modified E.II, named "La Pepa" and fitted with a Kinner K-5 motor, would be used by Fernando Rein Loring (1902-1978) in his solo flight from Madrid to Manila in 1932.

paragraph: By 1930 Barrón suffered a stroke followed by hemiplegia and had to interrupt all professional activity at Loring Aeronautical Works. A prototype was built of his Loring T-3 three-engined commercial monoplane, also known as "Barrón Colonial" in 1931, but other designs, including the Loring B-2 a 4,000 kg payload bomber powered by six engines, remained in the project stage.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: In 1931 Eduardo Barrón applied for retirement and obtained from the newly installed Spanish Republican government a substantial pension. Barrón also finally was granted the aeronautical engineer title by the Republic, for until then he had been carrying out his successful engineering work without being academically certified. Around that time the Loring company began to face financial difficulties in the wake of the Great Depression and it became an uphill task for Jorge Loring to finance Barrón's more ambitious aircraft projects.

paragraph: Barrón moved to Seville, his wife's town, in 1933 where he lived in semi-retirement. In July 1936, at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, he was commissioned by General Queipo de Llano to adapt local industries to the war effort. At the end of the civil war, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel of the Corps of Aeronautical Engineers. In 1944 he was given the largely ceremonial post of inspector at the "Dirección General de Industria y Material", and had to move to Madrid, ascending to the rank of General in 1945. He died in Madrid in 1949, following a new stroke.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Warleta Carrillo, José. "Eduardo Barrón y Ramos de Sotomayor", in Aeroplano. Revista de Historia Aeronáutica, nº 6. Marzo 1989. p. 64 and foll.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Permuy López, Rafael Angel y González Serrano, José Luis. "Aviación Militar Española", editorial Tikal, Madrid, 2010, p. 13 and foll.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Interwar military aircraft

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ejército del Aire - Triplano Barrón

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birth, first steps and pre-war planes of the Spanish Military Aviation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barron delta

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spanish military aviation pioneers (in Spanish)

alias:
Eduardo Barron
Eduardo Barrón y Ramos de Sotomayor

description: Spanish aviation pioneer

wikidata_label: Eduardo Barrón

wikipedia_title: Eduardo Barrón


text:
Roman Catholic
archbishop
Grzymała
noble family
Dominican
friar
doctor of theology
prior
Bishop of Kraków
titular bishop
Laodicea in Phrygia
Sigismund Augustus

categories: Archbishops of Lviv,16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Polish nobility,1565 deaths,16th-century births,Canons of Kraków

paragraph: Dominik Malachowski

paragraph: Dominik Małachowski was a 16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops from Poland.

paragraph: Born into the Grzymała noble family He was a Dominican friar, doctor of theology, prior of the monastery in Cracow, Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków from 1527–1544.

paragraph: He was also titular bishop of Laodicea in Phrygia on 3 April 1527. In 1530 he participated in the coronation of King Sigismund Augustus.

paragraph: He died on 15 March 1544. Buried in the Basilica of St. Trinity (on the gravestone is given the date of death, 1539.

wikidata_label: Dominik Malachowski

wikipedia_title: Dominik Malachowski


text:
Lwów
Polish
Bishop
Roman Catholic Church
Abdank
noble family
Cardinal
Roman Catholic Church
doctor of Law
Canon
Poznań
Gniezno
Bishop
Krakow
Archbishop of Lviv
nobleman
Piotr Tomicki
Academy of Cracow
Italy
Canon
Gniezno
Poznań
Kielce
Kraków
Bishop of Kraków
titular bishop
Laodicea in Phrygia
Sigismund Augustus
Pope
Pius IV
Archbishop of Lwów
Lwów

categories: 16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Polish nobility,16th-century births,Canons of Kraków,1560 deaths

paragraph: Stanisław Słomowski

paragraph: Stanisław Słomowski (died 22 September 1575 in Lwów) was a Polish Bishop and Cardinal of Roman Catholic Church.

paragraph: Born into the Abdank noble family he was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, doctor of Laws, Canon of Poznań and Gniezno, Auxiliary Bishop of Krakow and Archbishop of Lviv.

paragraph: He was the son of a very wealthy nobleman, Wincenty Słomowski and relative of Bishop Piotr Tomicki. He studied at the Academy of Cracow, and in Italy. From 1529 Canon of Gniezno and Poznań, and Kielce. In 1554 was appointed vicar general and "oficjałem" of Kraków and then on 14 February 1560 was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków and titular bishop of Laodicea in Phrygia.

paragraph: In 1565 King Sigismund Augustus and Pope Pius IV, made him Archbishop of Lwów. He died on 22 September 1575 in Lwów.

description: Polish archbishop

wikidata_label: Stanisław Słomowski

wikipedia_title: Stanisław Słomowski


text:
Venice
Emilio Zago
Goldoni
Rome
Jewish
Fascist racial laws
the war
Carosello
giallo
Loyalty of Love
Golden Arrow
Hands Off Me!
The Former Mattia Pascal
Tonight at Eleven
The Fornaretto of Venice
A Thousand Lire a Month
Mad Animals
Kean
Black Eagle
The Adulteress
Fury
The Earth Cries Out
Fear and Sand
Toto Looks For a House
Toto the Sheik
Fugitive in Trieste
Rigoletto e la sua tragedia
Tipi da spiaggia
The Employee

categories: 1900 births,Italian male film actors,Italian male stage actors,1986 deaths,People from Venice,Italian male television actors,Italian male voice actors

paragraph: Cesare Polacco

paragraph: Cesare Polacco (14 May 1900 – 2 March 1986) was an Italian actor and voice actor.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Born in Venice, Polacco started his career in 1920 in the stage company of Emilio Zago, with whom he played most of the Goldoni's repertoire. In 1928 he moved to Rome, where in addition to theatre he started appearing in films and working as a dubber. Being of Jewish origin, he was temporarily forced to abandon acting because of the 1938 Fascist racial laws, resuming his activities at the end of the war, in 1945. Also active on radio and television, he got a large popularity thanks to the Inspector Rock character he played in Carosello, in a series of giallo-comedy shorts aired between 1957 and 1968.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Loyalty of Love" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Golden Arrow" (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hands Off Me!" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Former Mattia Pascal" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tonight at Eleven" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fornaretto of Venice" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Thousand Lire a Month" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mad Animals" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kean" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Eagle" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adulteress" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fury" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Earth Cries Out" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fear and Sand" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toto Looks For a House" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toto the Sheik" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fugitive in Trieste" (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rigoletto e la sua tragedia" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tipi da spiaggia" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Employee" (1959)

description: Italian actor

wikidata_label: Cesare Polacco

wikipedia_title: Cesare Polacco


text:
Gupta dynasty
Lichchhavi
Samudragupta
Ghatotkacha
Gupta
Maharaja
Allahabad Pillar
Maharajadhiraja
Gupta calendar era
V. A. Smith
D. C. Sircar
R. C. Majumdar
Chandragupta II
A. S. Altekar
Upinder Singh
Lichchhavi
Vaishali
Bihar
Gautama Buddha
Lichchhavi kingdom
Nepal
Pataliputra
Magadha
V. A. Smith
Manadeva
Allahabad Pillar
R. C. Majumdar
John Allan
Manusamhita
Puranas
Allahabad Pillar
Bengal
western Uttar Pradesh
Mahakoshal
Bengal
Samatata
Delhi Iron Pillar
Vanga
Chandragupta II
Nepala
Vayu Purana
Ayodhya
Prayaga
Magadha
Gupta
Vishnu Purana
Bhagavata Purana
R. C. Majumdar
Uttar Pradesh
Bengal
Allahabad
Samatata
Chandravarman
Prayaga
Awadh
Mathura
Ayodhya
Lucknow
Sitapur
Tanda
Ghazipur
Varanasi
Uttar Pradesh
Bayana
Rajasthan
Hajipur
Bihar
Gupta script
John Allan
V. S. Pathak
S.V. Sohoni
A. S. Altekar
Durga
Lakshmi
Hemadri
vahana
Khajuraho
Gajalakshmi
John Allan
Vishnu
Vaishnavite
Allahabad Pillar
Eran
Samudragupta
Kacha
Lichchhavi

paragraph: Chandragupta I

paragraph: Chandragupta I (r. c. 319-335 or 319-350 CE) was a king of the Gupta dynasty, who ruled in northern India. His title "Maharajadhiraja" ("king of great kings") suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely-accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to the Lichchhavi princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power. Their son Samudragupta further expanded the Gupta empire.

paragraph: Section::::Period of reign.

paragraph: Chandragupta was a son of the Gupta king Ghatotkacha, and a grandson of the dynasty's founder Gupta, both of whom are called "Maharaja" ("great king") in the Allahabad Pillar inscription. Chandragupta assumed the title "Maharajadhiraja" ("king of great kings") and issued gold coins, which suggests that he was the first imperial ruler of the dynasty.

paragraph: Chandragupta certainly reigned in the first quarter of the 4th century CE, but the exact period of his reign is uncertain. His assumption of the title "Maharajadhiraja" has led to suggestions that he founded the Gupta calendar era, and that the epoch of this era marks his coronation. Based on this argument, several historians, including V. A. Smith and P. L. Gupta, date Chandragupta's ascension to 319-320 CE, which they believe to be the beginning of the Gupta era. However, this is merely an assumption, and the identity of the founder of the Gupta era is not certain. Some historians, such as D. C. Sircar and R. C. Majumdar, theorize that the Gupta era marks the coronation of his son Samudragupta. S. R. Goyal theorizes that the era was started by the later king Chandragupta II, but its beginning was dated to Samudragupta's ascension.

paragraph: Chandragupta I probably had a long reign, as the Allahabad Pillar inscription suggests that he appointed his son as his successor, presumably after reaching an old age. However, the exact period of his reign is debated.

paragraph: Various estimates for Chandragupta's reign include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. S. Altekar: 305-325 CE

paragraph: BULLET::::- S. R. Goyal: 319-350 CE

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tej Ram Sharma: 319-353 CE

paragraph: BULLET::::- Upinder Singh: 319-335 CE or 319-350 CE

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Kumaradevi.

paragraph: Chandragupta married the Lichchhavi princess Kumaradevi. Lichchhavi is the name of an ancient clan that was headquartered at Vaishali in present-day Bihar during the time of Gautama Buddha. A Lichchhavi kingdom existed in the present-day Nepal in the first millennium CE. However, the identity of Kumaradevi's Lichchhavi kingdom is not certain.

paragraph: An 8th century inscription of the Lichchhavi dynasty of Nepal claims that their legendary ancestor Supushpa was born in the royal family of Pushpapura, that is, Pataliputra in Magadha. According to some historians, such as V. A. Smith, the Lichchhavis ruled at Pataliputra during Samudragupta's time. However, this inscription states that Supushpa ruled 38 generations before the 5th century king Manadeva, that is, centuries before Chandragupta's period. Therefore, the claim made in this inscription, even if true, cannot be taken as concrete evidence of the Lichchhavi rule at Pataliputra during Chandragupta's time.

paragraph: The Lichchhavi kingdom of Kumaradevi is unlikely to have been located in present-day Nepal, because Samudragupta's Allahabad Pillar inscription mentions Nepala (that is, Nepal) as a distinct, subordinate kingdom. Given lack of any other evidence, historian R. C. Majumdar assumed that during Chandragupta's time, the Lichchhavis ruled at Vaishali, which is the only other base of the clan known from the historical records.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage to Kumaradevi.:Impact of marriage.

paragraph: The gold coins attributed to Chandragupta bear portraits of Chandragupta and Kumaradevi, and the legend "Lichchhavayah" ("the Lichchhavis"). Their son Samudragupta is described as "Lichchhavi-dauhitra" ("Lichchhavi daughter's son") in the Gupta inscriptions. Except Kumaradevi, these inscriptions do not mention the paternal family of the dynasty's queens, which suggests that the Gupta family considered Kumaradevi's marriage to Chandragupta an important event.

paragraph: Numismatist John Allan theorized that Chandragupta defeated a Lichchhavi kingdom headquartered at Vaishali, and that Kumaradevi's marriage to him happened as part of a peace treaty. He suggested that the Guptas considered this marriage a prestigious one simply because of the ancient lineage of the Lichchhavis. However, the ancient text "Manusamhita" regards the Lichchhavis as "unorthodox and impure" ("vratya"). Therefore, it is unlikely that the Guptas proudly mentioned Samudragupta's Lichchhavi ancestry to increase their social prestige. Also, it is unlikely that the Guptas allowed the name of the Lichchhavis to appear on the dynasty's coins after defeating them.

paragraph: It is more likely that the marriage helped Chandragupta extend his political power and dominions, enabling him to adopt the title "Maharajadhiraja". The appearance of the Lichchhavis' name on the coins is probably symbolic of their contribution to the expansion of the Gupta power. After the marriage, Chandragupta probably became the ruler of the Lichchhavi territories. Alternatively, it is possible that the Gupta and the Lichchhavi states formed a union, with Chandragupta and Kumaradevi being regarded as the sovereign rulers of their respective states, until the reign of their son Samudragupta, who became the sole ruler of the united kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Extent of kingdom.

paragraph: Little is known about Chandragupta other than his ancestry, his marriage, and his expansion of the Gupta power, as evident from his title "Maharajadhiraja". The territorial extent of Chandragupta's kingdom is not known, but it must have been substantially larger than that of the earlier Gupta kings, as Chandragupta bore the title "Maharajadhiraja". Modern historians have attempted to determine the extent of his kingdom based on the information from the "Puranas" and the Allahabad Pillar inscription issued by his son Samudragupta.

paragraph: The Allahabad Pillar inscription names several kings subjugated by Samudragupta. Based on the identity of these kings, several modern historians have tried to determine the extent of the territory that he must have inherited from Chandragupta. For example, since the king of the northern part of the Bengal region is not mentioned among the kings subjugated by Samudragupta, these historians theorize that northern Bengal was a part of Chandragupta's kingdom. However, such conclusions cannot be made with certainty, as the identity of several of the kings subjugated by Samudragupta is a matter of debate. Nevertheless, the information from the inscription can be used to determine the territories that were not a part of Chandragupta's kingdom:

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the west, Chandragupta's kingdom probably did not extend much beyond Prayaga (modern Allahabad), as Samudragupta defeated the kings of present-day western Uttar Pradesh.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the south, Chandragupta's kingdom did not include the Mahakoshal area of Central India, as Samudragupta defeated the kings of the forest region, which is identified with this area.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the east, Chandragupta's kingdom did not include southern Bengal, because the Allahabad Pillar inscription mentions Samatata in that region as a frontier kingdom. Moreover, the Delhi Iron Pillar inscription suggests that Vanga kingdom in that region was conquered by the later king Chandragupta II.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the north, the Allahabad Pillar inscription mentions Nepala (in present-day Nepal) as a frontier kingdom.

paragraph: A passage in the "Vayu Purana" states that the Guptas ruled over Saketa (modern Ayodhya), Prayaga, and Magadha. Based on this, multiple modern scholars have theorized that Chandragupta ruled over these territories. However, this conclusion is not certain, as the "Vayu Purana" does not mention the name of a specific ruler. Scholars critical of this theory argue that the passage describes the territories of either the dynasty's founder Gupta or its 6th century rulers who oversaw the kingdom's decline. Critics also point out that the corresponding passage in the "Vishnu Purana" states that the Guptas and the Magadhas jointly ruled over Prayaga and Magadha, and does not mention Saketa at all. The corresponding passage in the various manuscripts of "Bhagavata Purana" either does not mention the word "Gupta", or uses it as a common noun meaning "protected" instead of using it as the name of a specific dynasty. Even somes manuscripts of the "Vayu Purana" use the words "Guhya", "sapta" or "Manidhanyaka" instead of "Gupta". Supporters of the theory dismiss these as scribal mistakes. Historian Ashvini Agrwal argues that the "Vayu Purana" passage cannot be a reference to the Gupta territories during the empire's period of decline, as it does not mention Bengal, which formed a part of the Gupta kingdom during this period.

paragraph: According to historian R. C. Majumdar, Chandragupta's kingdom may have included the whole of present-day Bihar, and a part of present-day Uttar Pradesh and Bengal. Historian Dilip Kumar Ganguly believes that he ruled a large kingdom extending from Allahabad in the west to the Ganges river in Bengal in the east; the kingdom excluded south-eastern Bengal (Samatata), northern Bengal (Vanga), eastern Bengal, and western Bengal (the kingdom of Chandravarman). Historian Ashvini Agrwal states that his kingdom included central and eastern Uttar Pradesh (including Prayaga and Awadh), and Bihar; but not Bengal.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: Gold coins bearing portraits of Chandragupta and Kumaradevi have been discovered at Mathura, Ayodhya, Lucknow, Sitapur, Tanda, Ghazipur, and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh; Bayana in Rajasthan; and Hajipur in Bihar. The obverse of these coins depicts portraits of Chandragupta and Kumaradevi, with their names in the Gupta script. The reverse shows a goddess seated on a lion, with the legend ""Lichchhavayah"" ("the Lichchhavis") below.

paragraph: Numismatist John Allan believed that these coins were issued by Samudragupta to commemorate his parents, while V. S. Agrawala theorized that these coins were issued by the Lichchhavis. However, later scholars have attributed the issue of these coins to Chandragupta. V. S. Pathak theorized that the coins show the royal couple in the "vaivahika" (nupital) pose, but there is no concrete evidence that the coins depict the royal wedding. S.V. Sohoni theorized that the coins depicted Chandragupta taking leave of Kumaradevi while going on a military campaign, but this is doubtful given the lack of a phrase indicative of military prowess (unlike the coins of their son Samudragupta). The coins probably simply depict Chandragupta and Kumaradevi as joint rulers.

paragraph: The identity of the female figure appearing on these coins is uncertain. It is unlikely that she was a Gupta queen, as the depiction of a female figure seated on a lion is characteristic of a goddess in historical art of India. Some historians, such as A. S. Altekar, have identified the goddess as Durga. However, although Durga is often represented as seated on a lion, this attribute is not unique to her: Lakshmi has also been depicted as seated on a lion. For example, Hemadri's works mention "Simha-vahini" ("having lion as her vahana") Lakshmi, and images from Khajuraho depict "Simha-vahini" Gajalakshmi. Some scholars, such as John Allan, have identified the goddess on the coins as Lakshmi, who is the goddess of fortune and the wife of Vishnu. She may have been featured on the coins as a symbol of the Guptas' royal prosperity, or as a mark of their Vaishnavite affiliation, but this cannot be said with certainty. The goddess may also have been a tutelary goddess of the Lichchhavis, whose name appears below her image, but this cannot be said with certainty either.

paragraph: Section::::Successor.

paragraph: The Allahabad Pillar inscription and the Eran stone inscription of Samudragupta state that his father Chandragupta selected him as the next king. The Allahabad Pillar inscription states that Chandragupta appointed him to "protect the earth", which suggests that Chandragupta renounced the throne in his old age, and appointed his son as the next king.

paragraph: The discovery of the coins issued by a Gupta ruler named Kacha have led to some debate about Chandragupta's successor. According to one theory, Kacha was another name for Samudragupta. Another theory is that Kacha was the elder brother of Samudragupta, and succeeded their father Chandragupta.

paragraph: The "Kaliyuga-raja-vrttanta" section of the "Bhavishyottara Purana" mentions that Kacha was a son of Chandragupta I from a Lichchhavi princess. It describes Kacha as jointly ruling with his father, and states that Samudragupta killed their father. However, these passages (and possibly the entire text) are a modern forgery.

alias:
Candragupta
Chandragupta I.a

description: major king in the Gupta Empire

wikidata_label: Chandragupta I

wikipedia_title: Chandragupta I


text: Philip II of Macedon

text: Alexander the Great

text: Cassander

text: regent

text: Macedon

text: Thracian

text: Scythia

text: Hellespont

text: Athenians

text: Euboea

text: Delphi

text: Amphictyonic League

text: Battle of Chaeronea

text: Olympias

text: Parmenion

text: strategos

text: Gordium

text: Persian

text: fleet

text: Memnon of Rhodes

text: Pharnabazus

text: Aegean sea

text: Mytilene

text: Lesbos

text: Battle of Issus

text: Thrace

text: Agis III

text: Sparta

text: League of Corinth

text: Peloponnese

text: Battle of Leuctra

text: Battle of Mantinea

text: Crete

text: Achaea

text: Arcadia

text: Elis

text: Megalopolis

text: pardon

text: Thessalian

text: Megalopolis

text: League of Corinth

text: talents

text: Plutarch

text: oligarch

text: tyrant

text: Olympias

text: Craterus

text: Babylon

text: Justin

text: regent

text: Perdiccas

text: Greece

text: Athens

text: Aetolia

text: Thessaly

text: Lamian War

text: Battle of Crannon

text: Demosthenes

text: Antigonus

text: Asia Minor

text: Ptolemy

text: satrap

text: Egypt

text: Syria

text: Eumenes

text: treaty of Triparadisus

text: guardian

text: Alexander IV

text: Philip III

text: mutiny

text: Justin

text: Cassander

text: Polyperchon

text: Antigonus

text: Antipatrid dynasty

text: Argead dynasty

text: Cassander

text: Antigone

text: Berenice I of Egypt

text: Phila

text: Balacrus

text: Craterus

text: Demetrius I of Macedon

text: Eurydice

text: Ptolemy I Soter

text: Meleager

text: Nicaea

text: Perdiccas

text: Lysimachus

text: Iollas

text: Cassander

text: Pleistarchus

text: Phillip

text: Aristotle

text: Suidas

text: Perdikkas

text: Smith, William

text: "Antipater"

text: Boston

text: Antipater

text: Wiki Classical Dictionary: Antipater

categories: Ancient Macedonian generals,Generals of Alexander the Great,390s BC births,Hellenistic-era historians,Conspirators against Alexander the Great,4th-century BC Macedonians,Ancient Macedonian historians,Ancient Greek generals,Regents of Macedonia (ancient kingdom),4th-century BC Greek people,319 BC deaths

paragraph: Antipater

paragraph: Antipater (; ; c. 400 BC 319 BC) was a Greek Macedonian general and statesman under kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great, and father of King Cassander. In 320 BC, he became regent of all of Alexander the Great's Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Career under Philip and Alexander.

paragraph: Nothing is known of his early career until 342 BC, when he was appointed by Philip to govern Macedon as his regent while the former left for three years of hard and successful campaigning against Thracian and Scythian tribes, which extended Macedonian rule as far as the Hellespont. In 342 BC, when the Athenians tried to assume control of the Euboean towns and expel the pro-Macedonian rulers, he sent Macedonian troops to stop them. In the autumn of the same year, Antipater went to Delphi, as Philip's representative in the Amphictyonic League, a religious organization to which Macedon had been admitted in 346 BC.

paragraph: After the triumphal Macedonian victory at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, Antipater was sent as ambassador to Athens (337–336 BC) to negotiate a peace treaty and return the bones of the Athenians who had fallen in the battle.

paragraph: He started as a great friend to both the young Alexander and the boy's mother, Olympias, and aided Alexander in the struggle to secure his succession after Philip's death, in 336 BC.

paragraph: He joined Parmenion in advising Alexander the Great not to set out on his Asiatic expedition until he had provided by marriage for the succession to the throne. On the king's departure in 334 BC, he was left regent in Macedonia and made "general ("strategos") of Europe", positions he held until 323 BC. The European front was to prove initially quite agitated, and Antipater also had to send reinforcements to the king, as he did while the king was at Gordium in the winter of 334–333 BC.

paragraph: The Persian fleet under Memnon of Rhodes and Pharnabazus was apparently a considerable danger for Antipater, bringing war in the Aegean sea and threatening war in Europe. Luckily for the regent, Memnon died during the siege of Mytilene on the isle of Lesbos and the remaining fleet dispersed in 333 BC, after Alexander's victory at the Battle of Issus.

paragraph: More dangerous enemies were nearer home; tribes in Thrace rebelled in 332 BC, led by Memnon of Thrace, the Macedonian governor of the region, followed shortly by the revolt of Agis III, king of Sparta.

paragraph: The Spartans, who were not members of the League of Corinth and had not participated in Alexander's expedition, saw in the Asian campaign the long-awaited chance to take back control over the Peloponnese after the disastrous defeats at the Battle of Leuctra and Battle of Mantinea. The Persians generously funded Sparta's ambitions, making possible the formation of an army 20,000 strong. After assuming virtual control of Crete, Agis tried to build an anti-Macedonian front. While Athens remained neutral, the Achaeans, Arcadians and Elis became his allies, with the important exception of Megalopolis, the staunchly anti-Spartan capital of Arcadia. In 331 BC Agis started to besiege the city with his entire army. Antipater had to act now.

paragraph: So to not have two enemies simultaneously, Antipater pardoned Memnon and even let him keep his office in Thrace, while great sums of money were sent to him by Alexander. This helped to create, with Thessalian help and many mercenaries, a force double that of Agis, which Antipater in person led south in 330 BC to confront the Spartans. In the spring of that year, the two armies clashed near Megalopolis. Agis fell with many of his best soldiers, but not without inflicting heavy losses on the Macedonians.

paragraph: Utterly defeated, the Spartans sued for peace; the latter's answer was to negotiate directly with the League of Corinth, but the Spartan emissaries preferred to treat directly with Alexander, who imposed on Sparta's allies a penalty of 120 talents and the entrance of Sparta in the league.

paragraph: Alexander appears to have been quite jealous of Antipater's victory; according to Plutarch, the king wrote in a letter to his viceroy: "It seems, my friends that while we have been conquering Darius here, there has been a battle of mice in Arcadia".

paragraph: Antipater was disliked for supporting oligarchs and tyrants in Greece, but he also worked with the League of Corinth, built by Philip. In addition, his previously close relationship with the ambitious Olympias greatly deteriorated. Whether from jealousy or from the necessity of guarding against the evil consequences of the dissension between Olympias and Antipater, in 324 BC, Alexander ordered the latter to lead fresh troops into Asia, while Craterus, in charge of discharged veterans returning home, was appointed to take over the regency in Macedon. When Alexander suddenly died in Babylon in 323 BC however, Antipater was able to forestall the transfer of power.

paragraph: Some later historians, such as Justin in his Historia Philippicae et Totius Mundi Origines et Terrae Situs blamed Antipater for the death of Alexander, accusing him of murdering him through poison. However, this view is disputed by most historians and Alexander is believed to have died of natural causes.

paragraph: Section::::The fight for succession.

paragraph: The new regent, Perdiccas, left Antipater in control of Greece. Antipater faced wars with Athens, Aetolia, and Thessaly that made up the Lamian War, in which southern Greeks attempted to re-assert their political autonomy. He defeated them at the Battle of Crannon in 322 BC, with Craterus' help, and broke up the coalition. As part of this he imposed oligarchy upon Athens and demanded the surrender of Demosthenes, who committed suicide to escape capture. Later in the same year Antipater and Craterus were engaged in a war against the Aetolians when he received the news from Antigonus in Asia Minor that Perdiccas contemplated making himself outright ruler of the empire. Antipater and Craterus accordingly concluded peace with the Aetolians and went to war against Perdiccas, allying themselves with Ptolemy, the satrap of Egypt. Antipater crossed over to Asia in 321 BC. While still in Syria, he received information that Perdiccas had been murdered by his own soldiers. Craterus fell in battle against Eumenes (Diodorus xviii. 25-39).

paragraph: Section::::Regent of the Empire.

paragraph: In the treaty of Triparadisus (321 BC), Antipater participated in a new division of Alexander's great kingdom. He appointed himself supreme regent of all Alexander's empire and was left in Greece as guardian of Alexander's son Alexander IV and his disabled brother Philip III.

paragraph: Having quelled a mutiny of his troops and commissioned Antigonus to continue the war against Eumenes and the other partisans of Perdiccas, Antipater returned to Macedonia, arriving there in 320 BC (Justin xiii. 6). Soon after, he was seized by an illness which terminated his active career.

paragraph: Section::::Death and struggle for succession.

paragraph: Antipater died of old age in 319 BC, at the age of 81. By his side was his son Cassander.

paragraph: Controversially, Antipater did not appoint Cassander to succeed him as regent, citing as the reason for his decision Cassander's relative youth (at the time of Antipater's passing, Cassander was 39). Over Cassander, Antipater chose the aged officer Polyperchon as regent.

paragraph: Cassander became indignant at this, believing that he'd earned the right to become regent by virtue of his loyalty and experience. Thus he appealed to general Antigonus to assist him in battling Polyperchon for the position.

paragraph: In 317 BC, after two years of war with Polyperchon, Cassander emerged victorious. Cassander would go on to rule Macedonia for nineteen years, first as regent and later as king, ultimately founding the Antipatrid dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Antipater was one of the sons of a Macedonian nobleman called Iollas or Iolaus and his family were distant collateral relatives to the Argead dynasty. Antipater was originally from the Macedonian city of Paliura; had a brother called Cassander; was the paternal uncle of Cassander's child Antigone and was the maternal great uncle of Berenice I of Egypt.

paragraph: Antipater had ten children from various unknown wives. His daughters were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phila, wife of Balacrus, Craterus and Demetrius I of Macedon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eurydice, wife of Ptolemy I Soter. Her son Meleager would rule Macedonia for two months in 279 BC.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicaea, wife of Perdiccas and Lysimachus.

paragraph: His sons were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iollas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cassander, King of Macedonia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pleistarchus, a general and governor in his brother's service.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phillip, also a military commander under his brother.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicanor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexarchus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Triparadeisus

paragraph: Section::::Literary works.

paragraph: Antipater was a student of Aristotle and Aristotle named him as executor-in-charge of his will, when he died in 322 BC.

paragraph: According to Suidas, Antipater left a compilation of letters in 2 books and a history, called "The Illyrian Deeds of Perdikkas" (Περδίκκου πράξεις Ιλλυριακαί).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, William (editor); "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology", "Antipater", Boston, (1867)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antipater from Livius.org (Jona Lendering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wiki Classical Dictionary: Antipater

description: Macedonian general

wikidata_label: Antipater

wikipedia_title: Antipater


href: murderer Vaasa Finland murder Myllypuro Helsinki Paltamo Kainuu prison parole life%20imprisonment Prison%20Court Involuntary%20commitment Niuvanniemi Psychiatric%20hospital Kuopio

text:
murderer
Vaasa
Finland
murder
Myllypuro
Helsinki
Paltamo
Kainuu
prison
parole
life imprisonment
Prison Court
involuntary committed
Niuvanniemi
mental hospital
Kuopio

categories: Finnish people convicted of murder,People convicted of murder by Finland,2012 deaths,People from Vaasa,Finnish murderers of children,1926 births

paragraph: Jammu Siltavuori

paragraph: Antti Veikko Ilmari Siltavuori (October 29, 1926 – March 9, 2012), better known as Jammu Siltavuori or Jammu-setä ("Uncle Jammu"), was a Finnish murderer and sexual offender.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Veikko Siltavuori was born in Vaasa, Finland. Information about his early life is very limited. According to some sources his childhood was very hard and complicated, because of his alcoholic father who beat Veikko very much. He was bullied in school and he was called a "weasel" because of his dirty clothing.

paragraph: Section::::Crimes.

paragraph: Siltavuori became well known in Finland when he murdered two eight-year-old girls, Päivi-Maria Hopiavuori and Tanja Johanna Pirinen in 1989. He burned the bodies shortly after. He had picked up both girls into his car from Myllypuro, a neighbourhood in Helsinki, on March 3, 1989. Prior to this, he had been convicted of raping a five-year-old girl, sexual harassment, and attempted murder. He was convicted to life imprisonment already in the 1950s or 1960s but he was later paroled. He had also built a self-made jail complete with cells, barred windows and small toilets in Paltamo, Kainuu, but there is no evidence that he built it for keeping the children hostage.

paragraph: Section::::Sentences.

paragraph: For the two murders in 1989, Veikko Siltavuori was sentenced to 15 years in prison with the possibility of parole after 10 years, because a mental health examination legally found him to be partially insane. If that had not been the case, Siltavuori would have been again sentenced to life imprisonment.

paragraph: After 10 years elapsed, his first and second parole hearings in a Prison Court were unsuccessful. After he served one more year in jail, the Prison Court released him on strictly supervised parole on January 31, 2000, on his third parole hearing. However, he was immediately involuntary committed to the Niuvanniemi mental hospital in Kuopio for criminal-psychiatric reasons. The involuntary commitment was reaffirmed in 2007 by the administrative court of Kuopio, on the basis that if he was released, he would be a serious security risk.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In Niuvanniemi, there was an attack on Siltavuori, which injured him such that he spent his final years in a wheelchair. He reportedly died in March 2012 at the age of 85 in Kuopio. He was severely demented.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Markkula, Hannes: "Kuusi suomalaista murhaa". 1996.

description: Finnish murderer

wikidata_label: Jammu Siltavuori

wikipedia_title: Jammu Siltavuori