text:
Byzantine Emperor
Komnenian dynasty
Manuel Erotikos Komnenos
Basil II
Michael VI Bringas
Battle of Hades
Constantinople
Patriarch of Constantinople
Michael Keroularios
Hagia Sophia
Byzantine army
synod
Hungarian
Pechenegs
Michael Psellos
Constantine X Doukas
Manuel Erotikos Komnenos
strategos autokrator
Basil II
Nicaea
Bardas Skleros
Greek
Greek origin
Philippopolis
John
Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger
Stoudion
Hetaireia
Catherine of Bulgaria
Ivan Vladislav
First Bulgarian Empire
stratopedarches
domestikos ton scholon
magistros
vestes
Theodora
eunuch
proedros
Michael VI Bringas
Michael Psellos
debasement
Byzantine currency
Constantine IX Monomachos
military logothete
Macedonian dynasty
Katakalon Kekaumenos
doux
Antioch
vestarches
namesake grandfather
captured
Constantine Doukas
Patriarch of Constantinople
Michael Keroularios
John Doukas
Basil II
John Skylitzes
protosynkellos
Leo Paraspondylos
Nikephoros Bryennios
Macedonia
Anatolic Theme
blinded
Romanos Skleros
Nikephoros Botaneiates
Basil Argyros
Kastamon
Paphlagonia
Armeniac Theme
Halys River
Constantinople
Aaron
Nicomedia
Nicaea
Battle of Hades
mesazon
Constantine Leichoudes
Caesar
symbasileus
Hagia Sophia
tonsure
Bosporus
kouropalates
donative
Nikephoros II Phokas
Senate
Michael Attaleiates
imperial purple
Papal
symphonia
city walls
Varangian Guard
Prokonnesos
synod
Thrace
Armenian
Aristakes Lastivertsi
Georgia
Ivane
Theodosiopolis
Ani
Melitene
Chorzane
Taron
thematic troops
mounting Turkish threat
De velitatione bellica
Hungarians
Pechenegs
Serdica
Sirmium
Moesia
tonsure
Michael VII Doukas
Komnenian dynasty
Myrelaion
monastic name
Augusta
protospatharios

categories: 1060 deaths,1050s in the Byzantine Empire,Monarchs who abdicated,11th-century Byzantine emperors,1007 births,Byzantine generals,Eastern Orthodox monarchs,Studite monks,Komnenos dynasty

paragraph: Isaac I Komnenos

paragraph: Isaac I Komnenos or Comnenus (, "Isaakios ho Komnēnos";  – 1060) was Byzantine Emperor from 1057 to 1059, the first reigning member of the Komnenian dynasty.

paragraph: The son of the general Manuel Erotikos Komnenos, he was orphaned at an early age, and was raised under the care of Emperor Basil II. He made his name as a successful military commander, serving as commander-in-chief of the eastern armies between and 1054. In 1057 he became the head of a conspiracy of the dissatisfied eastern generals against the newly crowned Michael VI Bringas. Proclaimed emperor by his followers on 8 June 1057, he rallied sufficient military forces to defeat the loyalist army at the Battle of Hades. While Isaac was willing to accept a compromise solution by being appointed Michael's heir, a powerful faction in Constantinople, led by the ambitious Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Keroularios, pressured Michael to abdicate. After Michael abdicated on 30 August 1057, Isaac was crowned emperor in the Hagia Sophia on 1 September.

paragraph: As emperor, he rewarded his supporters, but also embarked on a series of fiscal measures designed to shore up revenue and eliminate the excesses allowed to flourish under his predecessors. His aim was to fill the treasury and restore the Byzantine army's effectiveness to preserve the empire. The reduction of salaries, harsh tax measures and confiscation of Church properties aroused much opposition, particularly from Keroularios, who had come to think of himself as a king-maker.

paragraph: In November 1058, Keroularios was arrested and exiled, and died before a synod to depose him could be convened. The eastern frontier held firm during his reign, Hungarian raids were resolved by a treaty in 1059, while the restive Pechenegs were subdued by Isaac in person in summer 1059. Shortly after, Isaac fell ill, and on the advice and pressure of Michael Psellos, he abdicated his throne in favour of Constantine X Doukas, retiring to the Stoudion monastery where he died later in 1060.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Origin and early career.

paragraph: Isaac was the son of Manuel Erotikos Komnenos, who reportedly served as "strategos autokrator" of the East under Emperor Basil II and defended Nicaea against the rebel Bardas Skleros in 978. His mother's name was Maria, about whom nothing else is known. Manuel's native language was Greek and modern scholarship considers the family to have been of Greek origin. It is said that the family name was derived from the city of Komne, near Philippopolis in Thrace. Isaac was born .

paragraph: As Maria had died early, on his deathbed in 1020, Isaac's father commended his two surviving sons Isaac and John to the care of Emperor Basil II. According to Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger, the two children were raised with the outmost solicitude: they were raised at the Stoudion monastery with the best tutors, while care was taken to teach them how to hunt and military exercises. As soon as they came of age, Isaac and his brother joined the imperial bodyguard, the "Hetaireia".

paragraph: At a young age, perhaps as early as 1025, Isaac married Catherine of Bulgaria (born ), a daughter of Ivan Vladislav (), the last Tsar of the First Bulgarian Empire. From he held the post of "stratopedarches" of the East—likely denoting that he was "domestikos ton scholon", commander-in-chief, of the eastern field army, but this title is not explicitly attested—and the ranks of "magistros" and "vestes". He was dismissed by Empress Theodora in 1054, and replaced by her eunuch confidant, the "proedros" Theodore.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Revolt of the eastern generals.:Michael VI and the military leadership.

paragraph: When Michael VI Bringas came to the throne in 1056, Isaac was chosen to lead a deputation of eastern generals to the new emperor. Michael VI engaged in mass promotions of individuals—in the eyes of the contemporary courtier Michael Psellos, to an excessive degree—and the military sought to partake in the emperor's bounty. This was not a trivial matter: the debasement of the Byzantine currency under Constantine IX Monomachos () had affected military pay—not coincidentally presided over by none other than Michael Bringas, who was then military logothete—and while civil officials were compensated by being raised to higher dignities (which commanded higher salaries, "rogai"), the army was not. This exacerbated the already simmering dislike of the military aristocracy for the "regime of eunuchs and civilian politicians" that had dominated the empire during the last decades of the Macedonian dynasty.

paragraph: At Easter 1057, the traditional time when the emperor paid title holders their stipends, the delegation presented itself before the emperor. Along with Isaac, the delegation included the "magistros" Katakalon Kekaumenos, who had just been dismissed as "doux" of Antioch; the "vestarches" Michael Bourtzes, whose namesake grandfather had captured Antioch for Byzantium a century earlier; Constantine Doukas, married to a niece of the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Keroularios; his brother John Doukas, a friend of Psellos; and others not explicitly named. As the historian Anthony Kaldellis comments, this was a formidable assemblage, as the families represented in it, all of them descended from military men promoted by the warrior-emperor Basil II, would define "the future of the empire for the next thirty years, indeed for the next century and more".

paragraph: Psellos himself was an eyewitness at the reception of the generals' delegation, and claims that the emperor began abusing them at once; he then made Isaac, as the leader of the deputation, and his second, Kekaumenos, stand forth, and proceeded to denounce him, claiming that he was responsible for "all but losing Antioch" and "corrupting his army", being a coward and incompetent, and of having misappropriated army funds for his own use. John Skylitzes, who wrote later in the century, reports that the emperor treated the generals courteously, but agrees that he refused outright to consider the honours they claimed for themselves, notably the promotion of Isaac and Kekaumenos to the rank of "proedros".

paragraph: The effect of the emperor's attitude on the army leadership was profound, and turned them against Michael. A second delegation to the chief minister, the "protosynkellos" Leo Paraspondylos, was received in similar manner, and according to Psellos Isaac could barely restrain his colleagues from attacking the emperor then and there, in his own throne room. At length, a plot was formed against the emperor, and despite Isaac's own reluctance, according to Psellos, he was nominated as its leader.

paragraph: The conspirators contacted the veteran general Nikephoros Bryennios—who had unsuccessfully tried to usurp the throne from Theodora—but had recently been recalled by Michael VI as commander of the Macedonian army, and he apparently agreed to support them. Soon after, however, Bryennios left with his troops for Asia Minor, to campaign against the Turks. Once in the Anatolic Theme he quarreled with the army treasurer, threw him in prison, and appropriated the funds to pay his soldiers as he saw fit. This was seen by another local commander as a sign of rebellion; Bryennios was arrested and blinded.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Revolt of the eastern generals.:Proclamation of Isaac as emperor and the Battle of Hades.

paragraph: Fearing that their plot was about to be discovered, the eastern generals hastened to act: the conspirators resident in the Anatolic Theme, Romanos Skleros, Michael Bourtzes, Nikephoros Botaneiates and the sons of Basil Argyros, hastened to find Isaac Komnenos at his estates near Kastamon in Paphlagonia, and on 8 June 1057, at a place called Gounaria, proclaimed him emperor. It is unclear whether any of the rebels held command of troops; rather, according to Kaldellis, "they had to canvass for support among the officers and soldiers and forge orders of imperial appointment for themselves". Thus Skylitzes reports that Kekaumenos had to forge imperial letters to mobilize the regiments of the Armeniac Theme. With this force he went to join Komnenos. Leaving his family for safety with his brother at the fortress of Pemolissa on the banks of the Halys River, Komnenos advanced west towards Constantinople.

paragraph: At the same time, the western regiments, and some of the eastern ones too, remained loyal to Michael VI. The emperor placed them under the command of Theodora's eunuch favourite, the "proedros" Theodore, and Aaron, Isaac's brother-in-law; unlike previously, he now showered his commanders with honours to secure their allegiance. The loyalist army assembled at Nicomedia, controlling the direct route to the capital. Therefore Komnenos turned south and seized Nicaea as his base of operations.

paragraph: The two armies met at the Battle of Hades, near Nicaea. In a hard-fought battle with many casualties, the loyalist left defeated the right wing of the rebel army. On the other flank, Kekaumenos broke through the loyalists to capture their camp and decide the battle, while Isaac held the centre.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Revolt of the eastern generals.:Negotiations and downfall of Michael VI.

paragraph: Michael VI then attempted to negotiate with the rebels, sending Psellos, Leo Alopos, and the former "mesazon" of Constantine IX, Constantine Leichoudes, to Isaac's camp. Michael offered to adopt Isaac as his son and to grant him the title of "Caesar", making him effectively his successor, but this was rejected in a public audience. Psellos claims that Isaac was inclined to accept, the pressure of the assembled troops, who vocally refused it, forced him to agree with his supporters. At a private meeting afterwards Isaac insisted that he had accepted the title of emperor only under the pressure of his followers, and secretly accepted the offer, provided that Michael would also share "some, at any rate, of his imperial power", so that he could make appointments and reward his followers, especially in the military.

paragraph: The envoys returned to Constantinople, and rapidly secured Michael's consent to the proposal; the Emperor explicitly agreed to pardon Isaac's followers, and to accord Isaac additional honours above those of "Caesar", setting him up almost as a co-emperor ("symbasileus"). As a sign of good faith, furthermore, Paraspondylos was dismissed from office. When the envoys returned to Isaac with these news, he publicly accepted the proposal and prepared to enter the capital.

paragraph: Back in Constantinople, however, a crowd of officials assembled in the Hagia Sophia and began protesting that by making a deal, the Emperor was forcing them to renounce their oaths to oppose the rebels. Going a step further, they began themselves acclaiming Isaac as emperor. After a short while, on 30 August, Michael Keroularios and the clergy joined their cause, raising suspicions that this "spontaneous" assembly had been planned by the ambitious and wily Patriarch all along. Pressured by Keroularios and wanting to avoid bloodshed in the city, Michael agreed to abdicate. He was quickly tonsured and retired to a monastery. On the next day, 31 August, Isaac and his entourage crossed the Bosporus into Constantinople and entered the palace; on 1 September, he was crowned emperor by the Patriarch in the Hagia Sophia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reign.

paragraph: The first act of the new emperor was to reward his partisans: his fellow conspirators were named to high offices—his own brother John was named "domestikos ton scholon" of the West and received the high title of "kouropalates", which was also awarded to Kekaumenos and Bryennios. The troops that had followed him received a donative and were quickly sent back east, to avoid any trouble with the populace of Constantinople. Patriarch Michael Keroularios was also rewarded for his support, by receiving sole authority for all personnel and financial matters of the Church, which were previously under the purview of the emperor, while the Patriarch's nephews received high court titles.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reign.:Fiscal reforms.

paragraph: Isaac's rise to power was a turning point in Byzantine history, marking the definitive end of the long-lived Macedonian dynasty. Although powerful generals had previously suborned power, they had ruled alongside the Macedonian emperors; Isaac was the first military strongman to usurp power outright since the 9th century. This was reflected in the coinage struck in his name, which uniquely showed him holding a drawn sword; while it may have simply indicated his intention to restore "capable military rule" (Kaldellis), it came to be understood as a claim to rule by right of conquest, and even as expressing an impious belief "that his accomplishments came not from God but from his own prowess". Certainly it highlighted Isaac's determination to make reforms and restore the effectiveness of the army.

paragraph: The task he faced was truly herculean, as the politically weak emperors of the previous thirty years had fostered corruption and inefficiency, handing out titles and their attendant state salaries ("rogai") in exchange for support. The devaluation of the coinage under Constantine IX had been a first reaction to the brewing crisis, but Isaac was the first emperor who certainly faced a budget deficit. To fund his cherished army, Isaac was therefore obliged to begin strict economies: he reduced or abolished the "rogai" of those who had been awarded titles, enforced a stricter and more efficient collection of taxes, reclaimed misappropriated imperial estates, and cancelled grants of such lands and tax exemptions made under Constantine IX and Michael VI, particularly those that had been granted to monasteries and churches, using a law of Nikephoros II Phokas. Even though salaries of officials, especially members of the Senate, were cut, Isaac's efforts were enthusiastically received even among some senior members of the civil bureaucracy, judging by the comments of Psellos and Michael Attaleiates.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reign.:Downfall of Keroularios.

paragraph: The only point of criticism raised by Psellos is his haste and severity, judging that by a more gradual and judicious, step by step approach, he would have reaped greater success with far less opposition. Thus his appropriation of Church lands provoked the reaction of Michael Keroularios, with whom Isaac's relations had been steadily deteriorating. The Patriarch's role in Isaac's accession and his extensive new powers over the Church quickly went to his head. He is said to have admonished and berated the emperor, and even going as far as threatening to destroy him "like an oven he had made". He is also alleged to have worn imperial purple boots, a privilege restricted to the emperor, and which may indicate, according to Kaldellis, that Keroularios was influenced by Papal theories and conceived of the secular and clerical powers as co-equal, a traditional Byzantine approach known as a symphonia.

paragraph: Finally, on 8 November 1058, while Keroularios was visiting a church outside the city walls, and hence was away from his supporters in the urban mob, Isaac sent the Varangian Guard to arrest him and take him to Prokonnesos, where he was placed under house arrest. Isaac applied considerable pressure on Keroularios to resign, but the latter steadfastly refused. In the end, the emperor decided to convene a synod against the Patriarch. This too was to take place away from the capital, somewhere in Thrace, with Psellos, who had himself been earlier persecuted by Keroularios, as the chief accuser. In the event, Keroularios died on 21 January 1059, before the synod could take place. Isaac appointed the bureaucrat Constantine Leichoudes as the new patriarch.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reign.:Military situation.

paragraph: The rebellion and civil war that brought Isaac to the throne had concentrated Byzantium's military might away from its borders. The contemporary Armenian historian Aristakes Lastivertsi reports that the Georgian lord Ivane took advantage of this opportunity to capture two Byzantine frontier forts as well as an imperial tax collector, and lay siege to Theodosiopolis. The Byzantine "doux" at Ani drove him off, but Ivane then called upon some Turks for assistance. About a month after Isaac's coronation, these raiders reached Melitene, whose inhabitants were allowed to depart before the city was plundered by the Turks. Local Byzantine troops managed to blockade the mountain passes, forcing the raiders to winter in the region of Chorzane. In spring 1058, the Turks were ambushed and defeated while they attacked the fort of Mormrans, leaving most of their captives behind. At about the same time or shortly after, another Turkish raid into Taron was heavily defeated by the Byzantine defenders. Melitene was repaired and refortified, and made the seat of a "doux".

paragraph: Constantine IX had famously abolished the military obligations of the Armenian thematic troops in exchange for cash payments, a step widely regarded, both by contemporaries and modern historians, as having catastrophic consequences for Byzantium's eastern defences, especially against the mounting Turkish threat. While Isaac does not appear to have acted to restore the thematic armies, according to Kaldellis, the reaction of the local forces to these events does not appear to indicate a degradation of Byzantium's defensive abilities in the East, but rather the continued and successful application of old-established counter-raiding principles as codified in Nikephoros Phokas' "De velitatione bellica" a century earlier.

paragraph: Isaac led only one military expedition, in late summer of 1059, into the Balkan provinces that had been suffering raids by the Hungarians and the Pechenegs. The details of the campaign are obscure, but the two had possibly entered into an alliance. At Serdica, the emperor made a treaty with the Hungarians—who appear to have kept the fortress town of Sirmium—before moving against the Pechenegs in the area of Moesia. Most of the Pechenegs submitted again to imperial authority. The only major combat was against the fortified stronghold of a certain Selte, a recalcitrant Pecheneg leader.

paragraph: On its return march the army was caught in a sudden storm on 24 September. Many men and supplies were lost, while Isaac barely escaped death when a tree struck by lightning fell next to him. This was followed by the false rumour that a tax assessor in the eastern provinces was plotting rebellion, and Isaac hastened back to the capital. Despite these events, Psellos claims that at this point Isaac's character changed markedly, and that he became "more haughty to such an extent that he held everyone else in contempt", including his own brother.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reign.:Illness, abdication, and death.

paragraph: Isaac was a passionate hunter with both the horse and the falcon, spending much time at a hunting lodge outside Constantinople. On a hunt he fell ill. As the fever lasted for several days, Isaac, fearing he would die soon, named Constantine Doukas as his successor on 22 November 1059, and agreed to resign and retire to a monastery. Psellos claims that he was the main author of this nomination, even against the initial opposition of Empress Catherine.

paragraph: According to Psellos, Isaac began to recover soon after Doukas' nomination, and started reconsidering his decision. Psellos again took the decisive step of having Doukas publicly acclaimed as emperor on 23 December, with Psellos putting the purple sandals on his feet. Isaac then resigned to his fate, and was tonsured as a monk, retiring to the Stoudion monastery. Psellos' prominent role in these events may simply be exaggeration and self-promotion, especially as he was writing this part of his history during the reign of Constantine Doukas and his son Michael VII Doukas (). No contemporary or later source, not even during the Komnenian dynasty (1081–1180), described or implied a coup by Doukas and his supporters, and the legality of the transition was never questioned.

paragraph: Empress Catherine remained at the palace, and was even allowed to be mentioned first in the imperial acclamations, with Doukas coming second. This joint reign lasted for a brief while, before she too retired to the Myrelaion monastery under the monastic name of Xene. Isaac lived the remainder of his life as a simple monk in Stoudion, readily performing menial tasks until he died in late 1060.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Isaac married Catherine, a daughter of Ivan Vladislav, the last ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire. Isaac raised her to the position of "Augusta". The couple had at least two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manuel Komnenos ( – ), probably the "son of Komnenos" recorded as having been engaged to the daughter of the "protospatharios" Helios. He died sometime between 1042 and 1057.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Komnene (born ), her beauty is remarked upon by Psellos but she remained unmarried and retired with her mother to the Myrelaion.

description: Byzantine Emperor

wikidata_label: Isaac I Komnenos

wikipedia_title: Isaac I Komnenos


text:
count of Bar
Joan of Bar, Countess of Surrey
Edward I of Bar
Yolande of Dampierre
Robert III, Count of Flanders
Edward II of Bar
Robert I of Bar

paragraph: Henry IV, Count of Bar

paragraph: Henry IV of Bar (abt 1315–1344) was count of Bar from 1336 to 1344. His aunt, Joan of Bar, Countess of Surrey, governed Bar in his name during his minority. He was the son of Edward I of Bar and his wife Marie of Burgundy. He married Yolande of Dampierre (died 1395), a granddaughter of Robert III, Count of Flanders.

paragraph: Henry and Yolande had two sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward II of Bar, became count on the death of his father

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert I of Bar, became count on the death of his brother

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georges Poull, "La Maison souveraine et ducale de Bar", 1994

description: French nobleman

wikidata_label: Henry IV, Count of Bar

wikipedia_title: Henry IV, Count of Bar


text:
Henry IV of Bar
count of Bar
Robert I of Bar

paragraph: Edward II, Count of Bar

paragraph: Edward II of Bar (1339 – May 1352) was Henry IV of Bar's eldest son and successor as count of Bar (with Edward's mother Yolande of Flanders ruling as count during his minority, which ended on 10 October 1349). He had no male issue and was succeeded as count by his younger brother Robert I of Bar.

description: Count of Bar

wikidata_label: Edward II

wikipedia_title: Edward II, Count of Bar


text:
bishop of Chartres
Reginald II of Bar
Philip II of France
canon
Saint-Martin de Tours
Champagne
Third Crusade
Theobald III of Champagne
Blanche of Navarre
Champagne War of Succession
Albigensian crusade
Termes

categories: People of the Albigensian Crusade,Bishops of Chartres,Year of birth unknown,Armed priests,1217 deaths,Christians of the Third Crusade

paragraph: Reginald of Bar (bishop of Chartres)

paragraph: Reginald of Bar, also known as Renaud de Mouçon, was bishop of Chartres from 1182 until his death in 1217. His parents were Reginald II of Bar and his wife Adèle de Champagne. Via his mother he was first cousin to king Philip II of France, who facilitated his career. He was named canon and treasurer of Saint-Martin de Tours and was then elected bishop of Chartres in 1182. He played an important role in France and Champagne and participated in the Third Crusade.

paragraph: Returning to France, in 1199 he negotiated the marriage of Theobald III of Champagne to Blanche of Navarre. After Theobald's death and during Blanche's regency, he held great influence in the court at Champagne. During the Champagne War of Succession he was part of a tribunal charged with ruling on the succession. In 1210 he led a detachment of crusaders in the Albigensian crusade and participated in the siege of Termes.

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Reginald of Bar

wikipedia_title: Reginald of Bar (bishop of Chartres)


text: Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson

text: Count

text: Duke of Bar

text: Edward II of Bar

text: Henry IV of Bar

text: Yolande of Flanders

text: Edward II of Bar

text: Count of Bar

text: papal dispensation

text: Clement VI

text: Philip of Navarre

text: John the Good

text: Joan of Bar

text: Parliament of Paris

text: County of Bar

text: Pont-à-Mousson

text: Emperor Charles IV

text: Imperial Diet

text: Peer of France

text: defeat of Poitiers

text: Charles V of France

text: Reims

text: Charles VI of France

text: Normandy

text: Edward

text: usufruct

text: Henry of Bar

text: Duke of Orleans

text: Duke of Burgundy

text: Marie of Valois

text: John II of France

text: Bonne of Luxembourg

text: Yolande of Bar

text: John I of Aragon

text: Henry of Bar

text: Pont-à-Mousson

text: Marle

text: Marie de Coucy

text: Battle of Nicopolis

text: Battle of Nicopolis

text: Nogent-le-Rotrou

text: William II, Marquis of Namur

text: Margrave of Namur

text: Namor

text: Edward III of Bar

text: Duke of Bar

text: Battle of Agincourt

text: Louis I, Duke of Bar

text: Bishop of Verdun

text: Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg

text: John of Bar, seigneur de Puisaye

text: Battle of Agincourt

text: Count of Ligny

text: Saint-Pol

text: Théodore II Paléologue

text: Marquis of Montferrat

paragraph: Robert, Duke of Bar

paragraph: Robert I of Bar (8 November 1344 – 12 April 1411) was Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson and Count and then Duke of Bar. He succeeded his elder brother Edward II of Bar as count in 1352. His parents were Henry IV of Bar and Yolande of Flanders.

paragraph: When Robert was less than a year old, his father died and his elder brother, Edward II of Bar, became Count of Bar under their mother's regency. As neither Robert nor Edward had a strong constitution, Yolande obtained a papal dispensation from Clement VI to allow them to eat meat during periods of abstinence. When his brother Edward died, Robert was still only seven years old and political problems associated with his mother's continued position as regent had arisen.

paragraph: Yolande was on the point of remarrying to Philip of Navarre, count of Longueville, a member of the Navarre family which was attempting to claim the French crown from John the Good. Joan of Bar, Robert's grandaunt, made known to the king that she was ready to replace Yolande and assume the regency. The Parliament of Paris, by decree of 5 June 1352, declared that the county was under the king's control. John the Good then entrusted the regency to Joan on 27 July of that year. Yolande initially renounced the regency, but then went back on her decision, levying troops to fight Joan. John the Good intervened to force Yolande to renounce the regency again on 2 July 1353.

paragraph: In 1354 the County of Bar was raised to the status of duchy by King John the Good. That same year another possession, Pont-à-Mousson, was raised to a marquisate by Emperor Charles IV. Subsequent emperors recognised Robert's ducal title and his state's right to a vote in the Imperial Diet. It is unclear if Robert was regarded as a Peer of France after becoming duke.

paragraph: The defeat of Poitiers and the capture of John the Good in 1356 deprived Joan of John's support and Yolande retook the regency. Robert was knighted in December 1356 and declared of age on 8 November 1359. He assisted at the coronation of Charles V of France at Reims on 9 May 1364, then at that of Charles VI of France on 4 November 1380. During Charles V's reign he fought in several engagements in 1374 during the campaign to eject the English from Normandy. In 1401, Robert ceded his duchy to his son Edward, but reserved the usufruct on it, bypassing his grandson Robert (son of Henry of Bar). The younger Robert unsuccessfully opposed this in the parliament of Paris that ran from 1406 to 1409. Charles VI's madness put him under the control of the Duke of Orleans and Duke of Burgundy. The elder Robert supported the duke of Orleans, and after that duke's assassination was more and more inclined to remain within his duchy. In his later years he suffered from attacks of gout that prevented him from walking.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: In 1364 he married Marie of Valois, the daughter of king John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg. Their children were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande of Bar, (1365 †1431); in 1380 married John I of Aragon (1350 †1396).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry of Bar, (1362 †1397), Marquis de Pont-à-Mousson, seigneur de Marle; in 1384 married Marie de Coucy. Taken prisoner at the Battle of Nicopolis and died of the plague.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippe (1372 †1396); also killed at the Battle of Nicopolis.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles (1373 †1392), seigneur de Nogent-le-Rotrou.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie (1374 †?); in 1384 married William II, Marquis of Namur, Margrave of Namur (1355 †1418) (not to be confused with Namor)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward III of Bar (1377 †1415), Duke of Bar; killed at the Battle of Agincourt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis I, Duke of Bar (between 1370 and 1375 – 26 June 1430); Bishop of Verdun, cardinal.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande the younger (†1421); in 1400 married Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg (†1437).

paragraph: BULLET::::- John of Bar, seigneur de Puisaye (1380 †1415), seigneur de Puisaye; killed at the Battle of Agincourt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bonne (†1436); in 1393 married Waleran III of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny (1357 †1415), Count of Ligny and of Saint-Pol.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne (†1402); in 1393 married Théodore II Paléologue, Marquis of Montferrat (1361 †1418).

wikidata_label: Robert I, Duke of Bar

wikipedia_title: Robert, Duke of Bar


text:
French
botanist
Madagascar
floristic province
Ecoregions of Madagascar
"Flore de Madagascar et des Comores"
orchid
Neobathiea
indriid
lemur
Perrier's sifaka
Adenia perrieri
Erythrina perrieri
Ensete perrieri
Euphorbia perrieri
Melanophylla perrieri
Podocarpus perrieri
Takhtajania perrieri
Xerosicyos perrieri

categories: Botanists active in Africa,Botanists with author abbreviations,French botanists,1873 births,1958 deaths

paragraph: Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie (11 August 1873 – 2 October 1958) was a French botanist who specialized in the plants of Madagascar.

paragraph: He is the nephew of Eugène Pierre Perrier de la Bâthie, (1825-1916), another botanist, who also collected plants with him.

paragraph: He delineated the two chief floristic provinces of Madagascar ("see" Ecoregions of Madagascar). Some of his works include "La végétation malgache" (1921), "Biogéographie de plantes de Madagascar" (1936), and numerous volumes of the series "Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" (1946-1952).

paragraph: The orchid genus "Neobathiea" (originally "Bathiea") was named in his honor, as was the indriid lemur Perrier's sifaka ("Propithecus perrieri"). Several species of Madagascar plants were named for him, including "Adenia perrieri, "Erythrina perrieri," "Ensete perrieri," "Euphorbia perrieri", "Melanophylla perrieri," "Podocarpus perrieri," "Takhtajania perrieri" (originally "Bubbia perrieri"), and "Xerosicyos perrieri".

alias: Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bathie

description: French botanist


text: electronica

text: trance

text: intelligent dance music

text: EDM

text: stutter edit

text: Guinness Book of World Records

text: Somnambulist (Simply Being Loved)

text: These Hopeful Machines

text: Paul van Dyk

text: Peter Gabriel

text: Tori Amos

text: Depeche Mode

text: NSYNC

text: Sting

text: Blake Lewis

text: The Roots

text: Guru

text: Madonna

text: Britney Spears

text: Tiësto

text: Go

text: The Fast and the Furious

text: Monster

text: Rockville, Maryland

text: FBI

text: DEA

text: Suzuki method

text: breakdancing

text: Vangelis

text: Blade Runner

text: Afrika Bambaataa

text: Kraftwerk

text: New Order

text: Depeche Mode

text: ska

text: punk

text: Berklee College of Music

text: Boston, Massachusetts

text: synths

text: sequencers

text: glockenspiel

text: drum machine

text: Dubfire

text: Sharam

text: Deep Dish

text: Sasha

text: Paul Oakenfold

text: Oakenfold's record label

text: Warner Brothers

text: Ima

text: The Fast and the Furious

text: Japanese

text: Tori Amos

text: Billboard

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text: Madonna

text: Seal

text: Sarah McLachlan

text: NSYNC

text: Britney Spears

text: Diana Ross

text: Mike Oldfield

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text: Paul van Dyk

text: Movement in Still Life

text: Jan Johnston

text: Dina Carroll

text: Simon Hale

text: Movement in Still Life

text: nu skool breaks

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text: M. Doughty

text: Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five

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text: "Billboard" 200

text: Doug Liman

text: Go

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text: This Binary Universe

text: Monster

text: Scott Pagano

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text: DeviantArt

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text: Christian Burns

text: Andrew Bayer

text: Armin van Buuren

text: Chicane

text: These Re-Imagined Machines

text: These Humble Machines

text: Morceau Subrosa

text: A Song Across Wires

text: Beatport

text: Arty

text: Nadia Ali

text: Aqualung

text: Senadee

text: Andrew Bayer

text: Emma Hewitt

text: JES

text: tyDi

text: K-pop

text: Bada

text: Laptop Symphony

text: Sirius XM

text: Kickstarter

text: Tommy Tallarico

text: Electronic Opus

text: Christian Burns

text: All Hail the Silence

text: Vince Clarke

text: Daggers

text: Erasure

text: The Violet Flame

text: vinyl

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text: Shopify

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text: DJ Mag

text: Mix

text: scoring films

text: Go

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text: Catch and Release

text: Stealth

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text: Pixar

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text: Finding Nemo

text: FIFA Football 2002

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text: Tomorrowland

text: Bollywood

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text: iPhone

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text: stutter edit

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text: NAMM Show

text: FL Studio

text: Leap Motion

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text: DJ Magazine

text: 53rd Annual Grammy Awards

text: These Hopeful Machines

text: La Roux

text: La Roux

text: Ima

text: ESCM

text: Movement in Still Life

text: Emotional Technology

text: This Binary Universe

text: These Hopeful Machines

text: Morceau Subrosa

text: A Song Across Wires

text: Granular synthesis

text: Stutter edit

categories: 20th-century American composers,American electronic musicians,20th-century American singers,Berklee College of Music alumni,20th-century male musicians,American film score composers,Singers from Maryland,Trance singers,21st-century American singers,21st-century American composers,American trance musicians,Male television composers,21st-century male musicians,Progressive house musicians,20th-century male singers,1971 births,Living people,Technicians,American record producers,Male film score composers,Musicians from Rockville, Maryland,American electro musicians,American television composers,21st-century male singers

paragraph: BT (musician)

paragraph: Brian Wayne Transeau (born October 4, 1971), known by his initials as BT, is an American musician, composer, singer, songwriter, DJ and audio technician. An artist in the electronica music genre, he is credited as a pioneer of the trance and intelligent dance music styles that paved the way for EDM, and for "stretching electronic music to its technical breaking point." He also creates music within many other styles, such as classical, film composition and bass music.

paragraph: BT is also known for pioneering the stutter edit. This production technique consists of taking a small fragment of sound and repeating it rhythmically. BT was entered into the "Guinness Book of World Records" for his song "Somnambulist (Simply Being Loved)", recognized as using the largest number of vocal edits in a song (6,178 edits). BT's work with stutter edit techniques led to the formation of software development company Sonik Architects, developer of the sound-processing software plug-ins Stutter Edit and BreakTweaker, and the live audio and visual remix app called Sonifi.

paragraph: In 2010, BT was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album for "These Hopeful Machines". He has produced, remixed, written for, and collaborated with a variety of artists, including Paul van Dyk, Peter Gabriel, Tori Amos, Depeche Mode, NSYNC, Sting, Blake Lewis, The Roots, Guru, Madonna, Britney Spears and Tiësto, and composed original scores for films such as "Go", "The Fast and the Furious" and "Monster".

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: BT was born in Rockville, Maryland on October 4, 1971. His father was an FBI and DEA agent, and his mother a psychiatrist. BT started listening to classical music at the age of 4 and started playing classical piano at an early age, utilizing the Suzuki method. By the age of 8 he was studying composition and theory at the Washington Conservatory of Music. He was introduced to electronic music through the breakdancing culture and the Vangelis score for the film "Blade Runner", which led him to discover influential electronic music artists such as Afrika Bambaataa, Kraftwerk, New Order and Depeche Mode. In high school, he played drums in one band, bass in a ska band and guitar in a punk group. At 15, he was accepted to the Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, where he studied jazz and enjoyed experimenting, such as running keyboards through old guitar pedals. BT is a multi-instrumentalist, playing piano, guitar, bass, keyboards, synths, sequencers, the glockenspiel, drum machines and instruments he has modified himself. His process for creating songs typically starts with composition on basic instruments, like the piano or an acoustic guitar.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1989–94: Early career.

paragraph: In 1989, after dropping out of Berklee, BT moved to Los Angeles, where he tried, unsuccessfully, to get signed as a singer-songwriter. Realizing he should focus on the electronic music he was more passionate about, he moved back to Maryland in 1990 and began collaborating with friends Ali "Dubfire" Shirazinia and Sharam Tayebi of Deep Dish. Together they started Deep Dish Records. Early in his career, BT worked under a variety of musical aliases, including Prana, Elastic Chakra, Elastic Reality, Libra, Dharma, Kaistar and GTB.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1995–96: "Ima".

paragraph: In the early years of BT's career, he became a pioneering artist in the trance genre, this despite the fact that he doesn’t consider himself a DJ, since he infrequently spins records and comes from an eclectic music background. When he started out, such common elements as a build, breakdown and drop were unclassified. BT's was a unique interpretation of what electronic music could be. His first recordings, "A Moment of Truth" and "Relativity", became hits in dance clubs in the UK. His productions were not yet popular in the US, and he was initially unaware that he had become popular across the Atlantic, where UK DJs like Sasha were regularly spinning his music for crowds. Sasha bought BT a ticket to London, where BT witnessed his own success in the clubs, with several thousand clubbers responding dramatically when Sasha played BT's song. He also met Paul Oakenfold, playing him tracks that would make up his first album. He was quickly signed to Oakenfold's record label, a subsidiary of Warner Brothers.

paragraph: BT's 1995 debut album "Ima", released on Oakenfold's label, was a progressive house effort. The opening track, "Nocturnal Transmission", was featured in "The Fast and the Furious". The album also featured a song with Vincent Covello. Blending house beats with sweeping New Age sounds, "Ima" helped to create the trance sound. "Ima (今)" is the Japanese word for "now". BT has stated that it also means many other things and that the intention of the album is to have a different effect for everyone.

paragraph: Following the release of "Ima", BT began traveling to England regularly. It was during this time that he met Tori Amos. They would collaborate on his song "Blue Skies", which reached the number one spot on "Billboard" magazine's Dance Club Songs chart in January 1997. This track helped expand BT's notability beyond Europe, into North America. He soon began to remix songs for well-known artists such as Sting, Madonna, Seal, Sarah McLachlan, NSYNC, Britney Spears, Diana Ross and Mike Oldfield.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1997–98: "ESCM".

paragraph: BT's second album, "ESCM" (acronym for "Electric Sky Church Music"), released in 1997, features more complex melodies and traditional harmonies along with a heavier use of vocals. The tone of the album is darker and less whimsical than "Ima". The album, as a whole, is much more diverse than BT's debut, expanding into drum and bass, breakbeat, hip-hop, rock and vocally-based tracks.

paragraph: The biggest hit from "ESCM" was "Flaming June," a modern trance collaboration with German DJ Paul van Dyk. Van Dyk and BT would go on to collaborate on a number of works including “Sunblind” & "Namistai" (found on the later album "Movement in Still Life"), as well as van Dyk's remix of BT's "Blue Skies" and "Remember". "Remember" featured Jan Johnston on vocals, and reached #1 on the "Billboard" Dance Club Songs chart. BT and Van Dyk also remixed the van Dyk classic "Forbidden Fruit" as well as Dina Carroll's "Run to You", and BT collaborated with Simon Hale on "Firewater" and "Remember."

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1999–2002: "Movement in Still Life".

paragraph: In 1999, BT released his third album, "Movement in Still Life", and continued his previous experimentation outside of the trance genre. The album features a strong element of nu skool breaks, a genre he helped define with "Hip-Hop Phenomenon" in collaboration with Tsunami One aka Adam Freeland and Kevin Beber. Along with trance collaborations with Paul van Dyk and DJ Rap, "Movement" includes pop ("Never Gonna Come Back Down" with M. Doughty on vocals), progressive house ("Dreaming" with Kirsty Hawkshaw on vocals) and hip hop-influenced tracks ("Madskill – Mic Chekka", which samples Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five's "The Message", and "Smartbomb", a mix of funky, heavy riffs from both synthesizers and guitars woven over a hip-hop break). "Shame" and "Satellite" lean toward an alt-rock sound, while "Godspeed" and "Dreaming" fall into classic trance ranks. "Running Down the Way Up", a collaboration with fellow electronic act Hybrid, features sultry vocals and acoustic guitars heavily edited into a progressive breakbeat track.

paragraph: “Dreaming” and “Godspeed” reached #5 and #10 on the "Billboard" Dance Club Songs chart, respectively, "Never Gonna Come Back Down" reached #9 the "Billboard" Dance Club Songs chart and #16 on "Billboard"'s Alternative Songs chart, and the album reached #166 on the "Billboard" 200 album charts.

paragraph: Long interested in branching out into film scoring, BT got the opportunity when director Doug Liman asked him to score "Go", a 1999 film about dance music culture. Shortly after creating the score, BT moved to Los Angeles in order to further pursue film scoring. He also began writing music for string quartets to prove his capabilities beyond electronic music. He was then hired to score the film "Under Suspicion" with a 60-piece string section. For "The Fast and the Furious", BT's score featured a 70-piece ensemble, along with polyrhythmic tribal sounds produced by orchestral percussionists banging on car chassis.

paragraph: In 1999, BT collaborated with Peter Gabriel on the album "OVO", the soundtrack to the Millennium Dome Show in London. In 2001, he produced NSYNC's hit single "Pop", which won a 2001 Teen Choice Award for Choice Single, won four MTV Video Music Awards, and reached #19 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and #9 on the UK Singles chart. In 2002, BT released the compilation album "10 Years in the Life", a two-disc collection of rarities and remixes, including "The Moment of Truth", the first track he ever recorded.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2003–05: "Emotional Technology".

paragraph: BT's fourth studio album, released on August 5, 2003, featured more vocal tracks than his previous fare, including six with vocals by BT himself. "Emotional Technology" was his most experimental album to date, exploring a range of genres; many consider it the "poppiest" of all his work. "Emotional Technology" spent 25 weeks on the "Billboard" Dance/Electronic Albums chart, reaching the top spot, and it reached #138 on the "Billboard" 200 charts. The biggest single from the album, "Somnambulist (Simply Being Loved)", draws heavily from the breakbeats and new wave dance of New Order and Depeche Mode, whom BT has cited as major influences. "Somnambulist" holds the Guinness World Record for the largest number of vocal edits in a single track, with 6,178. It reached #5 on the "Billboard" Dance Club Songs chart and #98 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.

paragraph: BT ventured into television production for "Tommy Lee Goes to College" for NBC in 2005. It starred Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee. He executive-produced the reality television series, the idea for which he developed and sold to NBC.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2006–09: "This Binary Universe".

paragraph: BT's fifth studio album, "This Binary Universe", released on August 29, 2006, is his second album released in 5.1 surround sound, the first being the soundtrack to the 2003 film "Monster".

paragraph: The double album highlights a mix of genres, including jazz, breakbeats and classical. Three songs feature a full 110-piece orchestra. Unlike his previous two albums, which featured vocals on almost every track, this album is entirely instrumental. The tracks change genres constantly. For example, "The Antikythera Mechanism" starts off almost lullaby-like, complete with a piano, acoustic guitars and reversed beats; halfway through the track, it explodes with a 110-piece orchestra, followed by a section of breakbeats and ending with the de-construction of the orchestra. Animated videos created by visual effects artist Scott Pagano to accompany each song were included in a DVD packaged along with the CD. "This Binary Universe" reached #4 on the "Billboard" Dance/Electronic Albums chart. BT's company, Sonik Architects, built the drum machine (the first in surround sound) used on the album.

paragraph: "Keyboard" magazine said of the album, "In a hundred years, it could well be studied as the first major electronic work of the new millennium." "Wired" called it an "innovative masterpiece."

paragraph: In November and December 2006, BT toured the album with Thomas Dolby opening. The concert featured a live slideshow of images from DeviantArt as a backdrop. All the shows were done in 5.1 surround sound, with BT playing piano, bass and other instruments live, and also singing on a cover of "Mad World" by Tears for Fears. Earlier in 2006, BT performed with an orchestra and conductor and visuals for an audience of 11,000 at the Video Games Live concert at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2010–11: "These Hopeful Machines".

paragraph: BT's sixth studio album, "These Hopeful Machines", was released on February 2, 2010. The double album features dance-pop, trance, house, breaks, soundscapes, orchestral interludes, acoustic guitar and stutter edits. With BT spending several years perfecting the album, mathematically placing edits and loops to create "an album of ultimate depth and movement," each of the songs went through a lengthy recording process. BT has estimated that each song on the album took over 100 sessions to record, adding that "Every Other Way" took 2 months to write and record, working 14 to 20 hours a day, 7 days a week. "These Hopeful Machines" was nominated for a 2011 Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album.

paragraph: The album features guest appearances from and collaborations with Stewart Copeland of The Police, Kirsty Hawkshaw ("A Million Stars"), JES ("Every Other Way" and "The Light in Things"), Rob Dickinson ("Always" and "The Unbreakable"), Christian Burns ("Suddenly", "Emergency" and "Forget Me") and Andrew Bayer ("The Emergency"). It contains the most singles released from any BT album, with 8 of the 12 tracks released as singles. Official remixes were made by Armin van Buuren and Chicane. It reached #6 on the "Billboard" Dance/Electronic Albums chart and #154 on the "Billboard" 200 album charts. The singles "Emergency" and "Rose of Jericho" reached #3 and #5 on the "Billboard" Dance Club Songs chart, respectively.

paragraph: A remix album, titled "These Re-Imagined Machines" was released in 2011. "These Humble Machines", an un-mixed album featuring shorter "radio edit" versions of the tracks (similar to the US version of "Movement in Still Life") was also released in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2012: "If the Stars Are Eternal So Are You and I" and "Morceau Subrosa".

paragraph: On June 19, 2012, BT released "If the Stars Are Eternal So Are You and I", along with "Morceau Subrosa", his seventh and eighth studio albums. "If the Stars Are Eternal So Are You and I" was an about-face from BT's previous album "These Hopeful Machines", utilizing minimal beats, ambient soundscapes, and glitch music, as opposed to the electronic music style of "These Hopeful Machines". "Morceau Subrosa" is very different in style compared to most of BT's previous works, favoring ambient soundscapes and minimal beats.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2013–14: "A Song Across Wires" and radio shows.

paragraph: BT's ninth studio album, "A Song Across Wires", was released worldwide on August 16, 2013. Blending elements of trance, progressive house and electro, the club music-oriented album reached #5 on the "Billboard" Dance/Electronic Albums chart, and features four Beatport No. 1 trance singles: "Tomahawk" (with Adam K), "Must Be the Love" (with Arty and Nadia Ali), "Skylarking" and "Surrounded" (with Au5 and Aqualung). On the album, BT also collaborates with Senadee, Andrew Bayer, Tania Zygar, Emma Hewitt, JES, Fractal, tyDi and K-pop singer Bada.

paragraph: In 2012, he released the mix collection "Laptop Symphony", based on his laptop performances on his Sirius XM radio show, which range from dubstep to drumstep to progressive to trance. In 2013, he started a new Sirius XM radio program, "Skylarking", on the Electric Area channel.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2015–present: "Electronic Opus", All Hail the Silence and _.

paragraph: On November 10, 2014, BT announced a Kickstarter project with Tommy Tallarico to produce "Electronic Opus", an electronic symphonic album with re-imagined, orchestral versions of BT's songs. As of December 7, 2014, the project has reached its crowd-funding goal of $200,000. A live orchestra played during Video Games Live on March 29, 2015, while the album was released on October 12, 2015.

paragraph: On March 7, 2012, it was announced that BT and Christian Burns have collaborated to form a band called All Hail the Silence, with help from Vince Clarke. The band is expected to release their debut album, "Daggers", in 2019, having released their first unofficial single, "Looking Glass", online in 2012. On July 21, 2014, Transeau and Burns announced that their band would be touring with Erasure in the fall of 2014 for the album "The Violet Flame". On August 24, 2016, the band announced that they would release a limited edition colored 12" vinyl collectible extended play entitled "AHTS-001" with Shopify on September 19, 2016. On September 28, 2018, the band released their first official single, "Diamonds in the Snow", along with its accompanying music video. The band's first album, "Daggers", was released on January 18, 2019.

paragraph: On December 14, 2015, BT disclosed news to "DJ Mag" about a new album to come by early 2016. Similar to "This Binary Universe", BT explains that “the entire record is recorded in a way [I’ve] never recorded anything before,” and that the record has a "modular, ambient aesthetic". Track names that were mentioned in the article include "Chromatophore", "Ω", "Indivism" and "582". On August 1, 2016, BT spoke to "Mix" about the album, which was recently completed. Additional track names that were mentioned in the article include "Artifacture", "Five Hundred and Eighty Two", "7 Ω.m4a" and "Found in Translation". The album, "_", was released digitally on October 14, 2016 and physically on December 2, 2016 via Black Hole Recordings. Due to the restrictions of most music sites, which forbid blank album titles, BT chose to name the album the underscore character "_". BT has admitted that this title has resulted in complaints from fans about difficulties in finding the album on popular services due to the inability of most search engines to handle the "_" character.

paragraph: Section::::Film, TV and video game scores.

paragraph: BT began scoring films in 1999 with "Go". Since then he has scored over a dozen films, including "The Fast and the Furious", "Monster", "Gone in 60 Seconds", "" and "Catch and Release". His soundtrack for "Stealth" featured the song "She Can Do That", with lead vocals from David Bowie. BT produced the score for the 2001 film "Zoolander", but had his name removed from the project. His tracks for the film were finished by composer David Arnold. BT also composed music for the Pixar animated short film "Partysaurus Rex", released in 2012 alongside the 3D release of "Finding Nemo".

paragraph: He has scored the video games "" (2000), "" (2002), "FIFA Football 2002" (2002), "" (2003) and "Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2005" (2004). He made the official second-long alert tone for the Circa News app. In 2013, he scored "Betrayal", a 13-episode drama on ABC. In 2016, he scored the music for Shanghai Disneyland's Tomorrowland. His work has been featured in more than 50 film and video game soundtracks.

paragraph: His first background score for a Bollywood film is "Ittefaq".

paragraph: Section::::Software.

paragraph: Section::::Software.:Sonik Architects.

paragraph: During the production of "This Binary Universe", Transeau wanted to program drums in surround sound, and found that software tools to accomplish this weren't readily available. He decided to develop his own, forming his own software company, Sonik Architects, to create a line of sound design tools for the studio and another line of tools and plug-ins designed for live performance. The company's first release was the drum machine surround sound sequencer BreakTweaker, a PC plug-in. In 2009, Sonik Architects released Sonifi, a product for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch that enables musicians to replicate BT's stutter edit effect live. BT himself has used it during live shows.

paragraph: In December 2010, Sonik Architects was acquired by software and music production company iZotope, and at the Winter NAMM Show in January 2011, the Stutter Edit plug-in, based on BT's patented technique of real-time manipulation of digital audio, was released by iZotope and BT.

paragraph: Section::::Software.:Other software.

paragraph: Transeau is a user of digital audio workstation FL Studio and he was included in the Power Users section on Image-Line's site in 2013. In 2014, BT collaborated with Boulanger Labs in creating the Leap Motion app Muse, a device that allows users to compose their own ambient sounds using gestural control. He also developed a synthesizer called Phobos for the music software company Spitfire Audio, which was released on April 6, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: BT lives with his daughter in Maryland. He is an avid scuba diver, and supports the preservation of sharks. In February 2014, BT partnered with EDM lifestyle brand Electric Family to produce a collaboration bracelet for which 100% of the proceeds are donated to the Shark Trust. On October 19, 2014, BT was married to Lacy Transeau (née Bean).

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.:"DJ Magazine" Awards.

paragraph: Artists are nominated to the "DJ Magazine" Top 100 DJs list each year the public votes to decide who they rank as the World's No 1 DJ at the end of the poll.

paragraph: BT peaked at number 70 in 2000, his first year on the list.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.:Grammy Awards.

paragraph: In 2011, at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards, BT's sixth studio album "These Hopeful Machines" was nominated for Best Electronic/Dance Album, but lost to "La Roux" by La Roux.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ima" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "ESCM" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Movement in Still Life" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Emotional Technology" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Binary Universe" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "These Hopeful Machines" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "If the Stars Are Eternal So Are You and I" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Morceau Subrosa" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Song Across Wires" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "_" (2016)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Number 1 Dance Hits (United States)

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart

paragraph: BULLET::::- Granular synthesis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stutter edit

alias:
Brian Wayne Transeau
Brian Transeau

description: American musician

wikidata_label: BT

wikipedia_title: BT (musician)


text: Irish-Australian

text: mechanical engineer

text: inventor

text: Castlebar

text: Ireland

text: Melbourne

text: Australia

text: Alexander Kennedy Smith

text: J. J. Clark

text: torpedo

text: Victorian

text: Brennan Torpedo

text: Camden Fort

text: Crosshaven

text: Cork

text: Ireland

text: Andrew Clarke

text: monorail

text: gyrostat

text: gyroscopically-balanced monorail

text: Gillingham

text: England

text: helicopter

text: Order of the Bath

text: Montreux

text: Switzerland

text: St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cemetery

text: Kensal Green

text: London

text: Taoiseach

text: Enda Kenny

text: Gillingham

text: "Louis Brennan: The Wizard of Oz"

categories: Australian engineers,1932 deaths,Australian inventors,Engineers from Melbourne,Australian people in rail transport,1852 births,People from Castlebar

paragraph: Louis Brennan

paragraph: Louis Brennan (28 January 1852 – 17 January 1932) was an Irish-Australian mechanical engineer and inventor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Brennan was born in Castlebar, Ireland, and moved to Melbourne, Australia in 1861 with his parents. He started his career as a watchmaker and a few years later was articled to Alexander Kennedy Smith, a renowned civil and mechanical engineer of the period.

paragraph: He served as a sergeant in the Victorian Engineers under the command of Captain J. J. Clark.

paragraph: Brennan invented the idea of a steerable torpedo in 1874, from observing that if a thread is pulled on a reel at an angle with suitable leverage, the reel will move away from the thread side. Brennan spent some years working out his invention, and received a grant of £700 from the Victorian government towards his expenses. He patented the Brennan Torpedo in 1877. The idea was trialled at Camden Fort near Crosshaven, Cork, Ireland.

paragraph: Brennan went to England in 1880 and brought his invention before the War Office. Sir Andrew Clarke alerted the authorities to the possibilities of the torpedo if used in the defence of harbours and channels, and the patent was eventually bought for a sum believed to be more than £100,000 (£ in 2020). In 1887 Brennan was appointed superintendent of the Brennan torpedo factory, and was consulting engineer 1896–1907.

paragraph: He did much work on a monorail locomotive which was kept upright by a gyrostat. In 1903 he patented a gyroscopically-balanced monorail system that he designed for military use; he successfully demonstrated the system on 10 November 1909, at Gillingham, England, but fears that the gyroscopes might fail prevented adoption of the system for widespread use.

paragraph: From 1916 to 1919 Brennan served in the munitions inventions department. From 1919 to 1926 he was engaged by the air ministry in aircraft research work at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, and gave much time to the invention of a helicopter. The government spent a large sum of money on it, but in 1926 the air ministry gave up working on it, much to Brennan's disappointment.

paragraph: He married Anna Quinn (died 1931) on 10 September 1892. He was survived by a son and a daughter. Brennan was created a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1892, and was foundation member of the National Academy of Ireland in 1922. In January 1932 he was knocked down by a car at Montreux, Switzerland, and died on 17 January 1932. Brennan was buried at St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green, London, in an unmarked plot numbered 2454 that is opposite the Chapel record office. On 11 March 2014, Irish Taoiseach Enda Kenny unveiled a new gravestone for Brennan at St. Mary's in a ceremony honouring the inventor's life and career.

paragraph: Gillingham Library retains the archive of his papers.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gillingham

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The gyroscopic monorail of Louis Brennan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Louis Brennan: The Wizard of Oz" in "Heroes and Villains of Ireland". Turtle Bunbury.

description: Mechanical engineer and inventor

wikidata_label: Louis Brennan

wikipedia_title: Louis Brennan


text:
Ghana
Minister for Finance
Nkrumah government
Warri
Nigeria
Mfantsipim School
Cape Coast
Achimota College
Accra Academy
Jamestown
United Gold Coast Convention
Kwame Nkrumah
Convention People's Party
Elections for the Legislative Assembly
United States
Akosombo Dam
National Alliance of Liberals
James Brown
Supreme Court
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Howard Johnson's
Dover, Delaware
White House
Convention People's Party

categories: 1998 deaths,Labour ministers of Ghana,Health ministers of Ghana,Ghanaian MPs 1951–1954,Ghanaian MPs 1956–1965,Trade ministers of Ghana,National Alliance of Liberals politicians,United Gold Coast Convention politicians,Finance ministers of Ghana,Mfantsipim School alumni,Ghanaian MPs 1965–1966,1913 births,Industry ministers of Ghana,Ghanaian MPs 1954–1956,Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians

paragraph: Komla Agbeli Gbedemah

paragraph: Komla Agbeli Gbedemah (17 June 191311 July 1998) was a Ghanaian politician and Minister for Finance in Ghana's Nkrumah government between 1954 and 1961. He was known popularly as "Afro Gbede".

paragraph: Section::::Early Life and education.

paragraph: Komla was born on 17 June,1913 in Warri,Nigeria of Ewe parentage. He was educated at Mfantsipim School in Cape Coast for his secondary education from 1925 to 1929. He continued at Achimota College from 1929 to 1933. His early career was as an employed teacher at a high school in Akuapem. In 1939, he became a Science Master at Accra Academy in Jamestown. Alongside teaching, he engaged in the timber confectionery business. In 1943, he quit his teaching role at Accra Academy to engage in the timber trade full-time.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Gbedemah was originally a member of the United Gold Coast Convention. He left with Dr. Kwame Nkrumah to form the Convention People's Party (CPP). Gbedemah was an important member of the CPP because of his organizational ability. He was influential in getting Nkrumah elected to the Legislative Council on 8 February 1951 at the Elections for the Legislative Assembly. He organized Nkrumah's entire campaign while Nkrumah was still in prison, detained by the colonial government. Nkrumah duly won the Accra Central Municipal seat. This led to Nkrumah being released on 12 February 1951 and his being invited to form a government. Gbedemah is in some reports named as being the first to welcome Nkrumah after his release from Fort James prison.

paragraph: Gbedemah, who himself got elected into the Legislative Assembly, became the first Ghanaian Minister for Health and Labour in Nkrumah's government. In 1954, he became the Minister of Finance, a position he held for seven years. He was influential in getting an initially reluctant United States government to back the building of the Akosombo Dam. Later, as his relationship with Nkrumah deteriorated, Gbedemah was demoted by Nkrumah to the post of Minister of Health in May 1961. It is alleged by US sources that at a point, Gbedemah was considering the overthrow of Nkrumah. He is quoted as saying: "I would be sorry to have to do it but country has had enough of Nkrumah's arrogance, whims and madness." Nkrumah demanded Gbedemah's resignation in September 1961.

paragraph: Gbedemah was forced into exile later the same year, after worsening relations between him and Nkrumah over what he perceived to be Nkrumah's financial indiscipline. He is alleged to have fled as there were plans to place him under preventive detention. While in exile, he is known to have continued to lobby the US over the Akosombo dam project.

paragraph: Gbedemah formed and led the National Alliance of Liberals into the 1969 general election. His campaign slogan "Say it loud, I am black and proud!" was taken from the popular James Brown tune. After the election, Gbedemah was barred from taking his seat in parliament. This followed a Supreme Court ruling, upholding the NLC barring members of the CPP accused of financial crimes from holding public office for ten years. This decision led him to retire from active involvement in politics.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Howard Johnson's restaurant incident.

paragraph: In the United States, Gbedemah is most widely known from an incident on 10 October 1957 when U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower apologized to him after he was refused service in a Howard Johnson's restaurant in Dover, Delaware. Gbedemah told the staff: "The people here are of a lower social status than I am, but they can drink here and we can't. You can keep the orange juice and the change, but this is not the last you have heard of this." The incident resulted in Gbedemah being invited to breakfast at the White House.

paragraph: Section::::Positions.

paragraph: "For ministerial positions, see succession box."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leader - People's Movement for Freedom and Justice (1991 - ?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Founder and Leader - National Alliance of Liberals - (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Member - Legislative Assembly, Ghana (1951 - ?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manager and Editor - "Accra Evening News" (1949 - ?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vice Chairman - Convention People's Party (1949 - ?)

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gbedemah, K. A. It will not be "work and happiness for all"; an open letter being also an appeal to Dr. Kwame Nkrumah and comment on and criticism of the proposed new 7 year Ghana development plan. [n.p.], 1962. [32p].

description: politician and former finance minister of Ghana

wikidata_label: Komla Agbeli Gbedemah

wikipedia_title: Komla Agbeli Gbedemah


text:
English
judge
London
Trinity College, Cambridge
University College London
Yorke Prize
Cambridge Union
called to the bar
Middle Temple
commercial
King's Counsel
bencher
Middle Temple
University College, London
1886 election
Liberal
Limehouse
copyright
King's Bench Division
Court of Appeal
Bankes
Atkin
George Joseph Smith
suffer fools gladly
Henry McCardie
House of Lords
Law Lord
Henry Cecil
barrister
James Atkin, Baron Atkin
golf
Mary Midgley
philosopher

categories: Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club,Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge,English legal professionals,Lords Justices of Appeal,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,1856 births,1934 deaths,Alumni of University College London

paragraph: Thomas Edward Scrutton

paragraph: Sir Thomas Edward Scrutton (28 August 1856 – 18 August 1934) was an English legal text-writer and a judge of considerable eminence.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Thomas Edward Scrutton was born in London, the son of Thomas Urquhart Scrutton, a wealthy shipowner and head of the well-known shipping firm of Scrutton and Co. He studied as a scholar at Trinity College, Cambridge, and at University College London. At Cambridge he won the Whewell Scholarship and the Yorke Prize four times, the first person to do so. He was also President of the Cambridge Union. Despite his achievements, he did not obtain a fellowship at Trinity, nor did he attempt to, perhaps partly due to a feeling among some fellows that he lacked 'originality'.

paragraph: He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1882, and developed a busy practice in commercial cases. He became a King's Counsel in 1901 and a bencher of the Middle Temple in 1908. He was also professor of constitutional law and legal history at University College, London. In the 1886 election, he stood unsuccessfully as the Liberal candidate for Limehouse.

paragraph: He wrote "The Contract of Affreightment as Expressed in Charter-parties and Bills of Lading" (1886), in which he was able to draw on his knowledge of the family business as well as his legal training. Over a century later, this is still the standard text on the topic, while several of his other legal works, especially that on copyright, remain useful.

paragraph: Section::::Judicial career.

paragraph: He was a judge of the King's Bench Division (1910–16) and of the Court of Appeal (1916–34).

paragraph: He frequently sat in the Court of Appeal with Bankes and Atkin LJJ, a combination which has often been cited as one of the strongest benches ever to sit in commercial cases. On the criminal side he presided over the celebrated 1915 "Brides-in-the-Bath" trial of George Joseph Smith, and made a crucial ruling on "similar fact evidence" : Smith was charged with murdering only one of his recent brides by drowning her in the bath, but Scrutton ruled that the fact that two of his other brides had died in almost identical circumstances was admissible as evidence of a method or pattern of murder.

paragraph: Despite his great ability, Scrutton had a reputation as a difficult judge to appear before: "he did not suffer fools gladly, and often refused to suffer them at all" was one verdict. His stern appearance and sweeping beard (he is said never to have shaved) intimidated most of those who appeared before him. His intolerance extended even to other judges, particularly the flamboyant and controversial Sir Henry McCardie whom he openly despised, and whom he attacked with increasing bitterness until their mutual antipathy resulted in a public quarrel. McCardie committed suicide soon afterwards, but the cause is generally thought to have been depression, unconnected to the quarrel.

paragraph: His reputation for being difficult may explain his failure to achieve further promotion to the House of Lords, since he was unquestionably well qualified on merit to be a Law Lord. In his later years he is said to have mellowed considerably: Henry Cecil, the judge and humourist, recalled in his memoir "Just Within the Law" that Scrutton, in the only case Cecil argued in front of him, had been perfectly polite, although he could not resist one dry comment that a barrister who feels that he must repeat every point four times cannot have much opinion of the Court's intelligence. James Atkin, Baron Atkin, his former pupil, always spoke of Scrutton with affection and respect

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and family.

paragraph: In private life he had a passion for golf. He was noted for religious scepticism: at his death he left instructions that there should be "no empty Christian rituals" at his burial, although his wishes were either ignored or overlooked. His son Tom, in contrast to his father's scepticism, became a clergyman.

paragraph: He married Mary Burton and had four sons, the youngest of whom died in the First World War, and a daughter. Mary Midgley, the philosopher, is his granddaughter, and gives a valuable sketch of him in her 2005 autobiography "An Owl of MInerva".

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: British legal professional

wikidata_label: Thomas Edward Scrutton

wikipedia_title: Thomas Edward Scrutton


text:
Hungarian
Budapest
United Kingdom
R. H. Wilenski
Xenia Lathom

categories: Hungarian emigrants to England,Contributors to the Encyclopædia Britannica,1872 births,Hungarian art critics,1933 deaths,Contributors to the Dictionary of National Biography,People from Budapest,Hungarian art historians

paragraph: Paul George Konody

paragraph: Paul George Konody (1872–1933) was a Hungarian art critic and historian.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Paul Konody was born in Budapest in 1872. He received his education in Vienna and in 1889 emigrated to the United Kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Konody was the art critic for "The Daily Mail" and "The Observer". He was also the editor of "The Artist" from 1900 to 1902.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Konody died in 1933.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Art of Walter Crane". 1902.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Brothers Van Eyck". 1907.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raphael". Jack, 1908.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chardin". Jack, 1909.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Delacroix". Jack, 1910.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Through the Alps to the Apennines". Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, London, 1911.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On War Memorials". 1919.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Italian painting". Jack, 1929. (With R. H. Wilenski)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An introduction to French painting". Cassell, London, 1932. (With Xenia Lathom)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Velasquez, Life and Work"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://catalogue.hullhistorycentre.org.uk/catalogue/U-DX126?tab=description

wikidata_label: Paul George Konody

wikipedia_title: Paul George Konody


text:
vaudeville
Trenton, New Jersey
The Arcadians
The Firefly
Katinka
Victor Herbert
Monte Cristo Jr.
Tangerine
Enlighten Thy Daughter
A photograph of Audrey Maple

categories: American actresses,Vaudeville performers,1971 deaths,1899 births

paragraph: Audrey Maple

paragraph: Audrey Maple (1899 – April 18, 1971) was an American actress, singer, and vaudeville performer, born Elsie H. Schroeder.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Audrey Maple was born Elsie H. Schroeder in Trenton, New Jersey. Her father was a musician.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Audrey Maple performed on vaudeville in a novelty act called "Pianophiends". In the operetta "The Love Waltz" (1908-1909), she was half of a highly publicized "eight-minute kiss" during a dance scene.

paragraph: She appeared in Broadway productions, mostly musical comedies, including "The Arcadians" (1910), "The Firefly" (1912-1913), "Molly O" (1916), "Katinka" (1916), "Good Night, Paul" (1917), "Her Regiment" by Victor Herbert (1917), "Monte Cristo Jr." (1919), "Tangerine" (1921-1922), "Princess April" (1924), "Naughty Riquette" (1926), "My Princess" (1927), "Sunny Days" (1928), "Angela" (1928-1929), and "The Street Singer" (1929-1930).

paragraph: Maple appeared in two films, "The Plumbers are Coming" (1929) and "Enlighten Thy Daughter" (1934).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Maple's personal life involved enough gossip, scandal, and legal entanglements to prompt commentary in newspapers: "What again! It's perfectly terrible the way wives pick on poor little Audrey Maple, the pretty musical comedy star, and try to make out that she is a naughty girl." In 1928 she survived a car accident in Chicago that killed one of her co-stars, dancer Rosalie Claire.

paragraph: In 1940, Audrey Maple married engineer and inventor Ernest A. Zadig, and retired from the stage. She died in New York in 1971, aged 72 years.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A photograph of Audrey Maple in the Billy Rose Theatre Collection Photograph File, New York Public Library Digital Collections.

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Audrey Maple

wikipedia_title: Audrey Maple


text:
Valenciennes
Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux
14th arrondissement of Paris
Église Saint-Sauveur
Église Saint-Martin d'Esquermes
Église Notre-Dame-de-Fives
Tourcoing
Église Saint-Christophe
Tourcoing
Monchy-le-Preux
Loos
Haussy

categories: People from Valenciennes,1817 births,19th-century French painters

paragraph: Bruno Chérier

paragraph: Bruno Joseph Chérier (10 August 1817 – 24 October 1880) was a French decorative painter. Born in Valenciennes, he studied under Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, for whom he also modelled. He died in the 14th arrondissement of Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Lille.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Église Saint-Sauveur - Stations of the Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- Église Saint-Martin d'Esquermes - paintings for the altar of the Virgin Mary

paragraph: BULLET::::- Église Notre-Dame-de-Fives - four canvases in the choir

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Tourcoing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Église Saint-Christophe- altarpieces

paragraph: BULLET::::- Église Saint-Jacques - two stained glass windows

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Other.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notre-Dame des Anges - Tourcoing - Stations of the Cross, stained class, ornamental paintings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Church (now demolished) - Monchy-le-Preux - stained glass and sculptures

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notre-Dame de Grâce - Loos - painting in the nave

paragraph: BULLET::::- Church - Haussy - Stations of the Cross

alias:
Bruno Joseph Cherier
Bruno Cherier

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Bruno Chérier

wikipedia_title: Bruno Chérier


text:
American football
defensive end
New England Patriots
2010 NFL Draft
college football
Alabama
Elizabethtown High School
Elizabethtown, Kentucky
University of Alabama
redshirt
Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game
2009 season
2010 BCS National Championship
New England Patriots
2010 NFL Draft
Baltimore Ravens
Thanksgiving game
Detroit Lions
playoffs
Super Bowl XLVI
New York Giants
Jacksonville Jaguars
New Orleans Saints
Houston Texans
New England Patriots bio
Alabama Crimson Tide bio

categories: Houston Texans players,1987 births,Living people,Alabama Crimson Tide football players,American football defensive ends,American football defensive tackles,People from Elizabethtown, Kentucky,Jacksonville Jaguars players,New England Patriots players,New Orleans Saints players,Players of American football from Kentucky

paragraph: Brandon Deaderick

paragraph: Brandon Augustus Deaderick (born August 19, 1987) is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the seventh round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at Alabama.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Deaderick attended Elizabethtown High School in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. As a junior, he had 95 tackles and 22 sacks, earning all-state honors. As a senior, he missed four games to injury but averaged ten tackles per game and recorded seven sacks on the season. He also led EHS to their first state championship game in 24 years.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Following high school, Deaderick attended the University of Alabama, where he redshirted in his first season in 2005. As a freshman in 2006, Deaderick played in seven games, finishing with two tackles. In 2007, Deaderick appeared in all 13 games and made seven starts, recording 22 tackles and two sacks. As a junior in 2008, he started 14 games at defensive end and finished the season with 36 tackles and four sacks.

paragraph: In 2009, Deaderick was shot in the forearm during a robbery attempt he witnessed the week before the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game. He wasn't seriously injured in the incident, he would be medically cleared to play later in the week and subsequently play in the 2009 opener. Alabama finished the 2009 season 14-0 beating Texas 37-21 in the 2010 BCS National Championship game. He finished his senior season with 23 tackles and one sack.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New England Patriots.

paragraph: Deaderick was drafted by the New England Patriots in the seventh round (247th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. He signed a four-year contract on July 9, 2010. As a rookie, Deaderick received his first career start in Week 6 against the Baltimore Ravens, recording his first career sack. He went on to start three of the next four games for the Patriots, but was a healthy inactive for the team's Thanksgiving game in Week 12 against the Detroit Lions. After playing in the next three games as a reserve, Deaderick missed the team's Week 16 game with an injury but was a healthy scratch for the regular season finale. He finished the regular season with 10 tackles and 2.0 sacks in 10 games played (four starts). On January 3, 2011, during the Patriots' playoffs bye week, Deaderick was suspended by the team. His suspension was lifted on January 7, 2011.

paragraph: Deaderick played 10 games in the 2011 regular season with 17 tackles and 2 sacks. He also started in Super Bowl XLVI, where the Patriots eventually lost to the New York Giants 21–17.

paragraph: Deaderick played 14 games in the 2012 regular season with 18 tackles, 1 sack, and 2 forced fumbles. He was released by the Patriots on May 13, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: Deaderick was claimed off waivers by the Jacksonville Jaguars on May 14, 2013. He was placed on injured reserve on December 23, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New Orleans Saints.

paragraph: On June 3, 2014, he signed a one-year contract with the New Orleans Saints.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Texans.

paragraph: Deadrick signed with the Houston Texans in June 2015 but was cut from training camp on September 4, 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: On August 15, 2016, Deaderick was signed by the Bills. On September 2, 2016, he was released by the Bills as part of final roster cuts.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New England Patriots bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alabama Crimson Tide bio

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Brandon Deaderick

wikipedia_title: Brandon Deaderick


text:
Islam
Kashmir
Rinchan
Jhelum river
Archeological Survey of India
Jammu and Kashmir

paragraph: Bulbul Shah

paragraph: Bulbul Shah (Arabic Script: بلبل شاه ), was a 14th-century Turkistani Sufi missionary. He introduced Islam to Kashmir by inviting and converting the King of Kashmir, Rinchan Shah, to Islam. Shah was mentioned by Baba Dawood Mishkati in "Asrar-ul- Abrar" and Rafi-ud- Din "Nawadir-ul- Akhbar."

paragraph: Section::::Shrine.

paragraph: A shrine is dedicated to his burial place on the Jhelum river. In 2011 Archeological Survey of India (ASI) rejected the proposal to make it a National Monument even after the High Court ordered the Survey to accept it. Petitioner GA Lone filed a contempt petition against the official respondents. The High Court directed the Jammu and Kashmir Chief Secretary, Director, Archives and others to file a compliance report.

description: 14th c. Sufi missionary to Kashmir

wikidata_label: Bulbul Shah

wikipedia_title: Bulbul Shah


text:
Purmerend
North Holland
shot put
Canada
Netherlands
Arnhem
Website about Lieja Koeman

categories: Canadian female shot putters,1976 births,Dutch female shot putters,Living people,Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics,People from Purmerend,World Championships in Athletics athletes for the Netherlands,Dutch female discus throwers,Olympic athletes of the Netherlands

paragraph: Lieja Tunks

paragraph: Liesbeth ("Lieja") Jantina Koeman, formerly Lieja Tunks, (born 10 March 1976 in Purmerend, North Holland) is a shot putter, who represents Canada after switching from the Netherlands in 2006.

paragraph: Her personal best throw is 18.82 metres, achieved in June 2003 in Arnhem.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website about Lieja Koeman

paragraph: br

description: Canadian-Dutch shot putter

wikidata_label: Lieja Tunks

wikipedia_title: Lieja Tunks


text: Chesham Bois

text: Buckinghamshire

text: King Henry VIII

text: Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk

text: Princess Mary

text: Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel

text: Sir Richard Lyster

text: Sir Matthew Arundell

text: Sir Henry Wallop

text: royal ward

text: Sir William More

text: Loseley

text: Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu

text: Jane Radcliffe

text: Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex

text: Lincoln's Inn

text: letters patent

text: Queen Elizabeth

text: Titchfield Abbey

text: Northern Rebellion

text: Duke of Alba

text: Flanders

text: Pope Pius V

text: John Lesley

text: Bishop of Ross

text: Lambeth

text: Sheriff of London

text: Sir William More

text: Loseley

text: Ridolfi plot

text: Tower

text: Cowdray

text: Dogmersfield

text: Robert Persons

text: Charles Paget

text: Edmund Campion

text: Itchell

text: Dogmersfield

text: Hampshire

text: Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester

text: Sir Thomas Heneage

text: Vice-Chamberlain of the Household

text: Sir William Hervey

wikipedia_title: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba

categories: 16th-century English nobility,Wriothesley family,Cheney family,Earls of Southampton,1545 births,People of the Tudor period,1581 deaths

paragraph: Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton (pronunciation uncertain: RYE-zlee" (archaic), ROTT-slee" (present-day) and "RYE-əths-lee" have been suggested) (24 April 1545 – 4 October 1581), was an English peer.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Henry Wriothesley, born 24 April 1545, was the only surviving son of Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, and Jane Cheney (d. 15 September 1574), the daughter and heiress of William Cheney of Chesham Bois, Buckinghamshire, by Emma Walwyn, daughter of Thomas Walwyn. At his christening on 24 April 1545 at St Andrew's, Holborn, he was honoured in having King Henry VIII and the King's brother-in-law, Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, as godfathers, and the King's daughter, Princess Mary, as godmother. Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel, was godfather at the bishoping or confirmation.

paragraph: Wriothesley had two brothers who died young, and five sisters: Elizabeth (buried 16 January 1555), who married, as his first wife, Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex; Mary (d. December 1561), who married firstly, Richard Lyster, grandson of Sir Richard Lyster, and secondly, William Shelley of Michelgrove; Katherine, who was contracted to marry Sir Matthew Arundell, but instead married Sir Thomas Cornwallis; Anne, who was contracted to marry Sir Henry Wallop, but who died before the marriage could take place, and Mabel, who married Sir Walter Sandys.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: From 1547 until his father's death on 30 July 1550 he was styled Lord Wriothesley. At his father's death he inherited the earldom at the age of five, and became a royal ward. His custody and marriage were granted, on 14 December 1550, to Sir William Herbert. According to Akrigg, it appears that Southampton's wardship was subsequently acquired by his mother, Jane, while Elzinga states that the wardship was eventually granted in 1560 to Sir William More of Loseley. Whatever the case, Southampton remained for some years with his mother, Jane Cheney, a devout Catholic. Southampton, brought up by her in that religion, remained Catholic throughout his lifetime. As Akrigg summed it up, 'the key to the unhappy life of the second Earl of Southampton is to be found in his fervent Catholicism'.

paragraph: On 19 February 1566 Southampton married, at her father's house in London, the thirteen-year-old Mary Browne (d. 1607), daughter of Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu, by Jane Radcliffe, the daughter of Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex. On 19 March 1566 he was admitted to Lincoln's Inn. On reaching the age of majority in 1566 he sued his livery, and was granted licence to enter on his lands by letters patent dated 7 February 1568. According to Elzinga, Southampton had six residences and landed income between £2000 and £3000 in the 1560s, and 'lived in a grand way, maintaining a large and lavish household'.

paragraph: The strains between Southampton's religion and the Elizabethan regime first became apparent when in February 1569 Southampton's brother-in-law, Sussex, wrote to Sir William Cecil urging that Southampton be 'rather charitably won than severely corrected'. That summer Queen Elizabeth was Southampton's guest at Titchfield Abbey, but in November both Southampton and his father-in-law, Viscount Montague, were implicated in the Northern Rebellion. In a letter dated 1 December 1569 the Spanish ambassador, Guerau de Spes, wrote to the Duke of Alba that both Montague and Southampton 'have sent to me for advice as to whether they should take up arms or go over to your Excellency'. According to Akrigg, Montague and Southampton set sail for Flanders, but were driven back by contrary winds. Although they were ordered to come immediately to court to explain their actions, to all appearances things were smoothed over, and neither Southampton nor his father-in-law was punished for his involvement. However matters came to a head in May 1570 when Pope Pius V excommunicated the Queen, and English Catholics were required to choose between loyalty to religion and loyalty to the sovereign. Southampton sought counsel from John Lesley, Bishop of Ross, at a secret meeting in the marshes of Lambeth, where they were intercepted by the watch, and in consequence, on 18 June 1570 the Privy Council ordered Southampton's arrest and confined him to the house of Henry Becher, Sheriff of London. On 15 July he was placed in the custody of Sir William More at Loseley, where More was under instructions to induce Southampton to take part in Protestant devotions in the household. After doing so, Southampton was released in November.

paragraph: A year later, in September 1571, under questioning concerning the Ridolfi plot, the Bishop of Ross incriminated Southampton by revealing the entire story of their meeting in Lambeth marsh. Southampton was arrested at the end of October and confined to the Tower for 18 months. He was finally released on 1 May 1573, and again placed in the custody of Sir William More at Loseley. On 14 July he was permitted to live with his father-in-law at Cowdray, although his liberty was still restricted.

paragraph: On 6 October 1573 Southampton wrote elatedly to Sir William More to announce the birth of his son, Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton. The next six years were a period of stability in Southampton's life, with the Queen granting him small offices and other signs of favour. His income was augmented at his mother's death in 1574, and he began construction of a mansion at Dogmersfield. However his relationship with his wife gradually deteriorated, and by about 1577 he forbade her ever to see again a certain Donsame, 'a common person'. When in 1580 it was reported to him that she had been seen at Dogmersfield with Donsame, he forever banished her his 'board and presence', forcing her to live at one of his Hampshire estates under close surveillance. The Countess defended herself with spirit, denying adultery and accusing one of the Earl's servants, Thomas Dymock, of having been the cause of the contention between herself and her husband. Years later the Jesuit Robert Persons charged Charles Paget with having been responsible for the falling out between the Earl and his father-in-law over the Earl's treatment of his wife.

paragraph: Matters took a further turn for the worse when the authorities were advised in August 1581 that the Jesuit Edmund Campion had been in contact with the Earl through Thomas Dymock.

paragraph: Southampton died 4 October 1581 at his house of Itchell, near Dogmersfield, Hampshire, and was buried at Titchfield on 30 November. He left an estate valued at £1097 6s per annum. In his will the Earl named both Thomas Dymock and Charles Paget as executors. The will was contested, with some success, by the Countess, with support from Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, and by 11 December 1581 a settlement had been reached between the Countess and the executors under which Dymock retained the Earl's generous bequests to him, but agreed to relinquish administration of the Earl's estate to Edward Gage, another of the executors.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: By Mary Browne Southampton had an only son, Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, and two daughters, Jane, who died before 1573, and Mary (c. 1567 – 1607), who married Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour.

paragraph: After Southampton's death his widow, Mary, married firstly, on 2 May 1595, as his second wife, Sir Thomas Heneage (d. 17 October 1595), Vice-Chamberlain of the Household, and secondly, between 5 November 1598 and 31 January 1599, Sir William Hervey. She died in November 1607, leaving a will proved 14 November in which she directed burial at Titchfield 'as near as may be unto the body of my honorable and dearlie beloved Lord and husband Henrie late Earle of Southampton'.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 63

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Wriothesley (1545-1581)

description: English Earl