text:
Scunthorpe
punk rock
Buzzcocks
Magazine
post-punk
indie
Luxuria
Scunthorpe
Nuneaton
Moortown
Leeds
Leeds Grammar School
Buzzcocks
Richard Boon
Bolton Institute of Technology
University of Bolton
psychology
humanities
Pete Shelley
Ben Mandelson
Sex Pistols
Pete Shelley
Spiral Scratch
EP
post-punk
Magazine
Shot by Both Sides
A Song from Under the Floorboards
No Thyself
Dave Formula
Jerky Versions of the Dream
UK Albums Chart
Island Records
Big Star
This Mortal Coil
Mansun
Closed for Business
Being a Girl
Liverpool
Noko
Luxuria
Pete Shelley
Buzzkunst
ShelleyDevoto
24 Hour Party People
Factory Records
janitor
Martin Hancock
Tony Wilson
fourth wall
Noko
John McGeoch
Buzzcocks
Momus
Mansun
Kleptomania
Radiohead
Jarvis Cocker
Ministry
Peter Murphy
Morrissey
Strange Boutique
Discography of Magazine
Discography of Luxuria
Jerky Versions of the Dream
Spiral Scratch
Real Life
UK
Secondhand Daylight
The Correct Use of Soap
Magic, Murder and the Weather
Jerky Versions of the Dream
Buzzkunst
No Thyself
Magazine official website
Interview
Buzzcocks official website

categories: Male new wave singers,Alumni of the University of Bolton,People from Nuneaton,English songwriters,Magazine (band) members,English new wave musicians,1952 births,English male singers,Buzzcocks members,Musicians from Leeds,Living people,People educated at Leeds Grammar School

paragraph: Howard Devoto

paragraph: Howard Devoto (born Howard Andrew Trafford 15 March 1952 in Scunthorpe) is an English singer and songwriter, who began his career as the frontman for the punk rock band Buzzcocks, but then left to form Magazine, one of the first post-punk bands. After Magazine, he went solo and later formed indie band Luxuria.

paragraph: His singing has been characterized as a "speak-sing voice that veered between amused croon and panicked yelp."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Scunthorpe, Devoto grew up in Nuneaton, Warwickshire and Moortown, Leeds, where he attended Leeds Grammar School and met and befriended future Buzzcocks manager Richard Boon. In 1972, he went to Bolton Institute of Technology (now the University of Bolton) to study psychology, and, later, humanities. During these college years, he met his future bandmates Pete Shelley and Ben Mandelson.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Buzzcocks.

paragraph: Inspired by the Sex Pistols, Devoto co-formed Buzzcocks with singer/guitarist Pete Shelley in 1976. He left the band in February 1977 after only one record (the "Spiral Scratch EP") and a small number of performances to form the band Magazine.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Magazine.

paragraph: Devoto formed the influential post-punk band Magazine in 1977. They released several critically acclaimed albums, which met with moderate commercial success, as well as minor hits such as "Shot by Both Sides" and "A Song from Under the Floorboards". Magazine reformed in February 2009, initially performing on a tour of five dates, and subsequently continued playing live and began to record new material. A studio album, "No Thyself", was released in October 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Solo years.

paragraph: After Magazine split in 1981 Devoto spent two years putting together a solo album with former Magazine keyboard player Dave Formula. "Jerky Versions of the Dream" reached No. 57 in the UK Albums Chart in August 1983, and was reissued in 2007 by Virgin/EMI, featuring several tracks of bonus material.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: A collaboration on three songs with Bernard Szajner on the "Brute Reason" LP was released on Island Records in 1983. This was followed by a rendering of Big Star's "Holocaust" for the loose collective This Mortal Coil. The album "It'll End in Tears" contained contributions from many of the 4AD label's best artists, Devoto's presence being somewhat atypical.

paragraph: In 1997, Devoto wrote the lyrics to the Mansun track "Everyone Must Win", which appeared on the "Closed for Business" EP. A year later he collaborated again with the band, writing lyrics for and singing on "Railings", a B-side for "Being a Girl (Part One)".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Luxuria.

paragraph: One of his next projects was a 1988 collaboration with Liverpool multi-instrumentalist Noko. As Luxuria they released two albums and a music video for the single "Redneck".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Life after popular music.

paragraph: For most of the 1990s, Devoto was little involved in music, earning his living by working for a photo agency.

paragraph: In 2001, he teamed up for the first time in twenty-five years with Buzzcocks colleague Pete Shelley and released the much-anticipated "Buzzkunst" under the name ShelleyDevoto. Reviews were mixed.

paragraph: In 2002, Devoto had a small part in the movie "24 Hour Party People", a film about Manchester's Factory Records. In his brief cameo appearance, Devoto appears as a janitor cleaning a men's toilet while actor Martin Hancock portrays Devoto having a tryst with the wife of promoter/journalist Tony Wilson. The real-life Devoto breaks the fourth wall by addressing the camera and stating in deadpan, "I "definitely" don't remember this happening".

paragraph: In February 2009 Magazine reformed, with former Luxuria partner Noko replacing the deceased John McGeoch on guitar.

paragraph: On 9 July 2009, Devoto was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Bolton for his contribution to music.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reunion with Buzzcocks.

paragraph: In November 2011 it was announced he would be returning to the stage with the Buzzcocks for two special shows as part of the Buzzcocks "Back to Front" tour on 25 and 26 May 2012. These took place at the O2 Apollo in Manchester and the O2 Academy in Brixton

paragraph: Section::::Tributes, references and cover songs.

paragraph: A number of bands continue to be influenced by his work. Momus recorded the tribute song "The Most Important Man Alive" for the Bungalow Records compilation "Suite 98" in 1988. Mansun have covered "Shot by Both Sides" live, and it was recorded in their fourth and final album "Kleptomania". Also Radiohead and Jarvis Cocker have both covered "Shot by Both Sides". Both Ministry and Peter Murphy have covered Magazine's "The Light Pours Out of Me", whilst Morrissey, My Friend the Chocolate Cake and Strange Boutique have covered Magazine's "A Song from Under the Floorboards".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: For Magazine and Luxuria, see "Discography of Magazine" and "Discography of Luxuria". This is from his solo career:

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo discography.

paragraph: Albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: "Jerky Versions of the Dream" - No. 57 UK

paragraph: Singles

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: "Rainy Season" - No. 97 UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: "Cold Imagination"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Chronological discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spiral Scratch" (January 1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Real Life" (June 1978) #29 UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secondhand Daylight" (March 1979) #38 UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Correct Use of Soap" (May 1980) #28 UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Magic, Murder and the Weather" (June 1981) #39 UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jerky Versions of the Dream" (July 1983) #57 UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unanswerable Lust" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beast Box" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Buzzkunst" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Thyself" (November 2011: Wired18) #167 UK

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magazine official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buzzcocks official website

description: English singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Howard Devoto

wikipedia_title: Howard Devoto


text: Châlons-sur-Marne

text: Paris

text: New World

text: Guadeloupe

text: Ohio

text: Mississippi

text: Illinois

text: Louisiana

text: Carondelet

text: San Domingo

text: Voyage dans l'Amérique septentrionale

text: John Cushman Abbott Exhibit Supplement

categories: People of pre-statehood Illinois,History of Guadeloupe,People of Colonial Spanish Louisiana,1805 deaths,1750 births,French generals,French colonial governors of Guadeloupe

paragraph: Victor Collot

paragraph: Victor Collot, in full Georges Henri Victor Collot (Châlons-sur-Marne, 21 March 1750, died in Paris, 15 May 1805) was a French military officer who served in the New World in various capacities, among them as Governor of Guadeloupe. He is best known for his expedition down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the spring and summer of 1796, through the Illinois and Louisiana territories then held by the Spanish crown, during which he made maps and observed fortifications and the country's military preparedness, almost certainly on a secret mission on behalf of the French Republic. He had been watched during his progress, however, and on arriving in New Orleans he was almost immediately arrested by Carondelet, the Spanish governor, on October 27, and placed in custody at the Balize until he could be sent out of the colony on December 4. Gen. Collot published an account of this expedition under the title "Voyage dans l'Amérique Septentrionale". He also authored a "Mémoire sur les moyens de soumettre les rebelles de St. Dominique", a proposal for subjugating the rebels of San Domingo.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collot's American Expedition and his Arrest in Louisiana

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voyage dans l'Amérique septentrionale

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Cushman Abbott Exhibit Supplement—includes a discussion of Collot and his "Voyage dans l'Amérique Septentrionale", a slide show of illustrations, and 3 downloadable pdf files of the 2-volume book plus atlas.

description: French general

wikidata_label: Victor Collot

wikipedia_title: Victor Collot


text: Budapest

text: Bernhard Alexander

text: Alfréd Rényi

text: Karl Abraham

text: Karen Horney

text: Helene Deutsch

text: Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute

text: Sigmund Freud

text: Robert Hutchins

text: President

text: University of Chicago

text: Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis

text: Paul Rosenfels

text: Society for General Systems Research

text: Palm Springs, California

text: Erik H. Erikson

text: Georg Groddeck

text: Sándor Ferenczi

text: autoplastic adaptation

text: Alloplastic adaptation

text: Kurt R. Eissler

text: Edward Glover

text: Jacques Lacan

text: object relations theory

text: self psychology

text: Bertram D. Lewin

text: Gregory Zilboorg

text: The Martians (scientists)

text: mek.iif.hu

categories: Hungarian psychoanalysts,History of psychiatry,1964 deaths,People from Budapest,American psychologists,1891 births,Jewish psychoanalysts,Psychoanalytic theory,Analysands of Hanns Sachs,University of Chicago faculty,American psychoanalysts,Hungarian emigrants to the United States,Hungarian psychologists

paragraph: Franz Alexander

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Franz Gabriel Alexander, in Hungarian "Alexander Ferenc Gábor", was born in Budapest in 1891, his father was Bernhard Alexander, a philosopher and literary critic, his nephew was Alfréd Rényi, a Hungarian mathematician who made contributions in combinatorics, graph theory, number theory but mostly in probability theory. Alexander studied in Berlin; there he was part of an influential group of German analysts mentored by Karl Abraham, including Karen Horney and Helene Deutsch, and gathered around the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. 'In the early 1920s, Oliver Freud was in analysis with Franz Alexander' there — Sigmund Freud's son — while 'Charles Odier, one of the first among French psychoanalysts, was analysed in Berlin by Franz Alexander' as well.

paragraph: In 1930 he was invited by Robert Hutchins, then President of the University of Chicago, to become its Visiting Professor of Psychoanalysis. Alexander worked there at the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis, where Paul Rosenfels was one of his students. End 1950s he was among the first members of the Society for General Systems Research.

paragraph: Franz Alexander died in Palm Springs, California in 1964.

paragraph: Section::::Early writings (1923–1943).

paragraph: Alexander was a prolific writer. Between 'The Castration Complex in the Formation of Character [1923] ... [&] Fundamental Concepts of Psychosomatic Research [1943]' he published nearly twenty other articles, contributing on a wide variety of subjects to the work of the "second psychoanalytic generation".

paragraph: 'Alexander in his "vector analysis"... measured the relative participation of the three basic directions in which an organism's tendencies towards the external world may be effective: reception, elimination, and retention'. In this he may have been a forerunner to Erik H. Erikson's later exploration of 'Zones, Modes, and Modalities'.

paragraph: He also explored the 'morality demanded by the archaic superego ... an automatized pseudo morality, characterized by Alexander as the corruptibility of the superego'.

paragraph: Notable too was his exploration of acting out in real life, 'in which the patient's entire life consists of actions not adapted to reality but rather aimed at relieving unconscious tensions. It was this type of neurosis that was first described by Alexander under the name of neurotic character'.

paragraph: Section::::Psychosomatic work and short-term psychotherapy.

paragraph: Franz Alexander led the movement looking for the dynamic interrelation between mind and body. Sigmund Freud pursued a deep interest in psychosomatic illnesses following his correspondence with Georg Groddeck who was, at the time, researching the possibility of treating physical disorders through psychological processes.

paragraph: Together with Freud and Sándor Ferenczi, Alexander developed the concept of autoplastic adaptation. They proposed that when an individual was presented with a stressful situation, he could react in one of two ways:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autoplastic adaptation: The subject tries to change himself, i.e. the internal environment.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alloplastic adaptation: The subject tries to change the situation, i.e. the external environment.

paragraph: From the 1930s through the 1950s, numerous analysts were engaged with the question of how to shorten the course of therapy but still achieve therapeutic effectiveness. These included Alexander, Ferenczi, and Wilhelm Reich. Alexander found that the patients who tended to benefit the most greatly from therapy were those who could rapidly engage, could describe a specific therapeutic focus, and could quickly move to an experience of their previously warded-off feelings. These also happened to represent those patients who were the healthiest to begin with and therefore had the least need for the therapy being offered. Clinical research revealed that these patients were able to benefit because they were the least resistant. They were the least resistant because they were the least traumatised and therefore had the smallest burden of repressed emotion. However, among the patients coming to the clinic for various problems, the rapid responders represented only a small minority. What could be offered to those who represented the vast bulk of patients coming for treatment? See further Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy.

paragraph: Section::::The corrective emotional experience.

paragraph: In the forties ... Franz Alexander, following the lead of Sandor Ferenczi, proposed ... the form of a "corrective emotional experience", which enjoyed an enormous vogue.

paragraph: Alexander stated:

paragraph: The concept provoked much controversy, provoking opposition from figures as disparate as Kurt R. Eissler, Edward Glover, and Jacques Lacan, who later said 'I did not hesitate to attack it myself in the most categorical way ... at the 1950 Congress of Psychiatry, but, it is the construction of a man of great talent'.

paragraph: By the sixties, Alexander's conception was in retreat, and at the close of the following decade an analyst could ask rhetorically 'Who talks about Franz Alexander today — except those who want to put down his "corrective emotional experience" or to deny, as the Kohutians are at constant pains to do, that they are offering more of the same?'. Ongoing developments in object relations theory and the rise of self psychology would however lead to a revival of interest in the idea.

paragraph: It was championed again by Moberly (1985). In the latter's view, corrective emotional experience represents essentially what is therapeutic in analysis'. Even those with continuing reservations about the idea conceded that 'when Alexander was writing ... it was pertinent for him to be drawing attention to the therapeutic value of the emotional experience of patients in analysis'.

paragraph: In the twenty-first century, the term has passed into common psychodynamic parlance. Thus notions of testing the relationship in cognitive therapy are seen as 'not dissimilar to the notion of the "corrective emotional experience" in psychodynamic therapy'; elucidation in existential therapy as opening up 'new experiences with the therapist, thus providing a corrective interpersonal experience'.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931, "The Criminal, the judge and the public: A psychological analysis". (Together with Hugo Staub. Orig. ed. transl. by Gregory Zilboorg).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960, "The Western mind in transition : an eyewitness story". New York: Random House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961, "The Scope of psychoanalysis 1921 - 1961: selected papers". 2. pr. New York: Basic Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1966, "Psychoanalytic Pioneers". New York; London: Basic Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968, "The history of psychiatry; An evaluation of psychiatric thought and practice from prehistoric times to the present" (co-author Sheldon T. Selesnick). New York [etc.]: New American Libr.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 [c1935] (with William Healy) "Roots of crime: psychoanalytic studies", Montclair NJ: Patterson Smith.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980, "Psychoanalytic therapy. Principles and application". Franz Alexander and Thomas Morton French.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984, "The medical value of psychoanalysis". New York: Internat. Universities Pr., 1984. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987, "Psychosomatic Medicine: Its Principles and Applications". 2nd. ed., New York; London: Norton. .

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bertram D. Lewin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gregory Zilboorg

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Martians (scientists)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. R. Moberly, "The Psychology of Self and Other" (London 1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kurt Eissler: The Chicago Institute of Psychoanalysis and the sixth period of the development of psychoanalytic technique (1950) – Psychomedia Telematic Review (a critical comment to the Alexander's 1946 essay on "The corrective emotional experience")

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- mek.iif.hu

paragraph: BULLET::::- The corrective emotional experience (1946) (chapters 2, 4, and 17 of the book by Franz Alexander, Thomas M. French et al., Psychoanalytic Therapy: Principles and Application. New York: Ronald Press, 1946)

description: American Hungarian-born psychoanalyst

enwikiquote_title: Franz Alexander

wikidata_label: Franz Alexander

wikipedia_title: Franz Alexander


text:
publisher
Encyclopédie
Diderot
d'Alembert
Michel-Antoine David
Laurent Durand
Antoine-Claude Briasson
External links
Ephraim Chambers
Cyclopaedia
Jean Paul de Gua de Malves
Diderot
Encyclopédie
Louis-Claude Brullé
censor
Grimm
Pierre Bayle
philosopher
Encyclopédie
Denis Diderot
Jean le Rond d'Alembert
Encre noire
Encyclopédie

categories: French printers,People from Paris,Contributors to the Encyclopédie (1751–72),1779 deaths,1708 births,French publishers (people)

paragraph: André le Breton

paragraph: André François le Breton (2 September 1708 – 5 October 1779) was a French publisher. He was one of the four publishers of the "Encyclopédie" of Diderot and d'Alembert, along with Michel-Antoine David, Laurent Durand, and Antoine-Claude Briasson. Le Breton contributed some articles to the "Encyclopédie" (see External links, below), but acted primarily as publisher and editor, often against Diderot's will.

paragraph: In 1745, le Breton set out to publish a translation of Ephraim Chambers' "Cyclopaedia" of 1728. He initially chose Jean Paul de Gua de Malves as his editor, but he tired of the job after two years, and in 1747, the editorship went to Diderot. For a more detailed account, see Encyclopédie.

paragraph: With the assistance of his foreman Louis-Claude Brullé, Le Breton would occasionally censor articles in order to make them less radical, frequently drawing the ire of Diderot. For example, le Breton did not included a portion of Diderot's article "Menance" that indirectly attacked Joly de Fleury, the French police commissioner. Le Breton also censored Diderot by changing certain words to distort the meaning of the article. Diderot wrote le Breton a furious letter, in 1764, accusing him of having "massacred" the work and reduced it to a "hodge-podge of insipid clippings". According to Grimm, writing in 1777, "The entire extent of the injury done by this unexampled, murderous, and infamous depredation will never be known, since the perpetrators of the crime burned the manuscript as soon as it was printed and left the evil without remedy." This claim has proved not to be true for, unknown to Grimm, le Breton had kept copies of the page proofs. This collection of final proofs totaled 318 pages. The collection of proofs is known as the "18th volume" of the Enclyopédie.

paragraph: In the 20th century, these proofs were used to reveal the extent of le Breton's censorship, which was most prominent in the articles "Sarrasins ou Arabes" and "Pyrrhoniene philosophie." In addition, le Breton excluded 3 of Diderot's articles titled, "Sectes du Christianisme" and "Tolérance" as well as the subarticle "Théologie Scholastique". In the latter case, le Breton edited Diderot's original article to be less favorable towards Pierre Bayle, a 17th-century philosopher whose views were deemed unacceptable. Bayle's views were deemed unacceptable because he was critical of the Church and its use of violence.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopédie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denis Diderot

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean le Rond d'Alembert

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gordon, Douglas and Torrey, Norman, "The censoring of Diderot's "Encyclopédie" and the re-established text." New York: Columbia University Press, 1947.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilson, Arthur M., "An Unpublished Letter of Diderot, December 28, 1769." Modern Language Notes, Vol. 67, No. 7. (Nov., 1952), pp. 439–443.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kafker, Frank A., "The Recruitment of the Encyclopedists." Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol. 6, No. 4. (Summer, 1973), pp. 452–461.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encre noire, the Encyclopédie article written by le Breton (in French)

description: French publisher

wikidata_label: André le Breton

wikipedia_title: André le Breton


text: military historian

text: All Souls College

text: Regius Professor of Modern History

text: Oxford University

text: Yale University

text: Financial Times

text: Ashmore

text: Dorset

text: Wellington College

text: Christ Church, Oxford

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: Master of Arts

text: British Army

text: commissioned

text: second lieutenant

text: Coldstream Guards

text: service number

text: Italian Campaign

text: landings at Salerno

text: First Battle of Monte Cassino

text: Military Cross

text: King's College London

text: Department of War Studies

text: Reader

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: Franco-Prussian War

text: Carl von Clausewitz

text: On War

text: Peter Paret

text: Huizinga Lecture

text: Leiden

text: Department of War Studies

text: Liddell Hart

text: King's College London

text: British Academy

text: 1977 Birthday Honours

text: Knight Bachelor

text: 1986 Birthday Honours

text: Order of the Companions of Honour

text: 2002 Birthday Honours

text: Order of Merit

text: Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences

text: Samuel Eliot Morison Prize

text: Society for Military History

text: John Sparrow

text: History of the Second World War

text: Carl von Clausewitz

text: Peter Paret

text: F. H. Hinsley

categories: Members of the Order of Merit,Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford,21st-century British historians,British autobiographers,Coldstream Guards officers,LGBT historians,Fellows of the British Academy,20th-century British historians,21st-century British writers,Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour,Knights Bachelor,Historians of World War I,Historians of World War II,Recipients of the Military Cross,British historians of espionage,Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford,British military historians,Chichele Professors of the History of War,Fellows of King's College London,Living people,Yale University faculty,British Army personnel of World War II,British military writers,Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences,People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire,1922 births,Academics of King's College London,Editors of the Round Table Journal,Regius Professors of History (University of Oxford),20th-century British writers,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: Michael Howard (historian)

paragraph: Sir Michael Eliot Howard (born 29 November 1922) is a British military historian, formerly Chichele Professor of the History of War, Honorary Fellow of All Souls College, Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford University, Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University and founder of the Department of War Studies, King's College London.

paragraph: Howard has been described in the "Financial Times" as "Britain's greatest living historian".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Howard was born on 29 November 1922 in the village of Ashmore in Dorset. He was the youngest son of Geoffrey Howard and Edith (). He was educated at Wellington College and Christ Church, Oxford. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1946, which was later promoted to Master of Arts (MA) in 1948.

paragraph: Howard joined the British Army and was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Coldstream Guards on 4 December 1942. He was given the service number 253901. He fought in the Italian Campaign, serving with the 3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards, coming ashore during the landings at Salerno in September 1943. On 27 January 1944, during the First Battle of Monte Cassino, he was awarded the Military Cross (MC) "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in Italy".

paragraph: Section::::Academic career.

paragraph: After Oxford, Howard began his teaching career at King's College London, where he created the Department of War Studies. From his position at King's he was one of the Britain's most influential in developing strategic studies as a discipline that brought together government, military, and academia to think about defence and national security more broadly and deeply than had been done before.

paragraph: Assistant Lecturer in History (1947), Lecturer (1950–3), Reader in War Studies and finally Professor of War Studies (1953–63), King’s College London

paragraph: Chichele Professor of History of War (from 1977) and Fellow, All Souls College (from 1968 to 1980)

paragraph: Regius Professor of Modern History and Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford [Honorary Fellow, 1990] (from 1980 to 1989)

paragraph: Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History, Yale University (from 1989 to 1993)

paragraph: Quondam Fellow, All Souls College (from 1980 to 2014)

paragraph: Honorary Fellow, All Souls College (from 2014)

paragraph: He was one of the founders of the International Institute for Strategic Studies. From his family, education, and service in the Guards, he had extensive connections at the higher levels of British society, and he worked them astutely to further his intellectual goals. He had close connections in the Labour Party but was also consulted as an advisor by Margaret Thatcher.

paragraph: Section::::Historical writing.

paragraph: Howard is best known for expanding military history beyond the traditional campaigns and battles accounts to include wider discussions about the sociological significance of war. In his account of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, Howard looked at how the Prussian and French armies reflected the social structure of the two nations. He has also been a leading interpreter of the writings of the German military thinker Carl von Clausewitz, including preparing the leading translation of "On War" with the American historian Peter Paret.

paragraph: In addition, in both his inaugural and concluding lectures as Regius Professor, and in his popular and influential "War in European History", Howard has stressed the difference between traditional military history, which seeks to identify easily applicable lessons for the present from the history of past wars and military campaigns, and his own approach, which stresses the uniqueness of the historical past and the impossibility of deriving such lessons to guide modern strategic and tactical choices.

paragraph: In 1985, he delivered the Huizinga Lecture in the Dutch city of Leiden, under the title: "1945: End of an Era".

paragraph: Howard helped found the Department of War Studies and the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives at King's College London. He is currently president emeritus of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, which he also helped to establish, and a fellow of the British Academy.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honours.

paragraph: Howard was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1977 Birthday Honours and a Knight Bachelor in the 1986 Birthday Honours. He was later appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) for services to military studies in the 2002 Birthday Honours and to the Order of Merit (OM) in 2005. In 1988 he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences. In 1992, he was awarded the Samuel Eliot Morison Prize for lifetime achievement given by the Society for Military History.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Coldstream Guards, co-written with John Sparrow, 1920–1946", 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Disengagement in Europe", 1958.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870–1871", 1961. Republished by Methuen, 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lord Haldane and the Territorial Army", 1967.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mediterranean Strategy in the Second World War", 1967.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grand Strategy, August 1942 – September 1943", Volume IV, Grand Strategy series, History of the Second World War (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Studies in War and Peace", 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Continental Commitment: The Dilemma of British Defence Policy in the Era of Two World Wars", 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "War in European History", 1976 [latest revised edition, 2009].

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl von Clausewitz, "On War", 1977, edited and translated by M. E. Howard and Peter Paret.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Soldiers and Governments: Nine Studies in Civil Military Relations", 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "War and the Liberal Conscience", 1978 [new edition, 2008].

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Restraints on War: Studies in the Limitation of Armed Conflict", 1979 edited by M. E. Howard.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clausewitz", 1983 [originally a volume in the Oxford University Press "Past Masters" series, reissued in 2000 as "Clausewitz: A Very Short Introduction"].

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Causes of War" Harvard University Press; 2 edition (1 January 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strategic Deception in World War II", 1990, (Volume 5 of "British Intelligence in the Second World War;" series edited by F. H. Hinsley; Cambridge University Press).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lessons of History", 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World", edited by M. E Howard, George J. Andrepoulous and Mark R. Schulman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Invention of Peace", 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The First World War", 2003 [reissued as "The First World War: A Very Short Introduction", 2007].

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Captain Professor: A Life in War and Peace" (autobiography), 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Liberation or Catastrophe?: Reflections on the History of the 20th Century", 2007

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freedman, Lawrence; Hayes, Paul & O'Neil, Robert "War, Strategy and International Politics: Essays in Honour of Sir Michael Howard", Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Also available as an e-book.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skaggs, David Curtis "Michael Howard and the Dimensions Of Military History" pages 179–183 from "Military Affairs", Volume 49, 1985.

alias:
Sir Michael Howard
Sir Michael Eliot Howard
Michael Eliot Howard

description: English military historian

wikidata_label: Michael Howard

wikipedia_title: Michael Howard (historian)


text:
Zolotonosha
Ukraine
Minsk
grandmaster
Dnipropetrovsk
Leningrad
Ukrainian Championship
Ukraine SSR
USSR Chess Championship
philology
Sverdlovsk
Mikhail Botvinnik
USSR–USA radio match
Reuben Fine
David Bronstein
Groningen
International Grandmaster
FIDE
1951 World Championship cycle
Interzonal
Saltsjöbaden
Candidates Tournament
Budapest
World Chess Championship
Mikhail Botvinnik
Zürich
Helsinki Olympiad
Olympiad
Belarusian Championship
Debrecen
Tigran Petrosian
Ybbs
Minsk
USSR Chess Federation
Sicilian Defence
Boleslavsky hole
Efim Geller
Alexander Konstantinopolsky
King's Indian Defence
Hans Kmoch
Lev Polugaevsky
Sicilians
Sicilian Defence
grandmasters
Alexey Suetin
Boleslavsky hole
English attack
Scheveningen
Adams' attack
tempo
Andrew Soltis
Mikhail Tal
Riga

categories: People from Zolotonosha Raion,Chess Olympiad competitors,Ukrainian Jews,Jewish chess players,Chess grandmasters,Chess theoreticians,Soviet writers,Soviet chess players,1919 births,Ukrainian chess players,20th-century male writers,Soviet male writers,Soviet Jews,1977 deaths,Soviet chess writers

paragraph: Isaac Boleslavsky

paragraph: Isaac Yefremovich Boleslavsky (, ; June 9, 1919 in Zolotonosha, Ukraine – February 15, 1977 in Minsk) was a Soviet chess grandmaster. He was also a chess writer.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Boleslavsky taught himself chess at age nine. In 1933, Boleslavsky became schoolboy champion of Dnipropetrovsk. Three years later, he won third prize in the 1936 USSR All-Union Junior Championship, held in Leningrad.

paragraph: In 1938, at nineteen, he won the Ukrainian Championship; the following year, he won the Ukraine SSR championship, qualified to play in the USSR Chess Championship at the age of 20, and gained his national chess master title. He earned a degree in philology at Sverdlovsk University.

paragraph: In 1940, Boleslavsky played in the 12th USSR championship final in Moscow. He won eight of his last ten games and tied for fifth/sixth place with Mikhail Botvinnik, but lost their personal meeting. Thereafter he sought revenge. Later, Boleslavsky as an ambitious 27-year-old master recalled the plans he had hatched: I decided that by systematic work on myself I could win. "The devil is not so terrible as he is painted." Losses to Botvinnik in both games in a match tournament in 1941 and in our game in the XIV national championship four years later did not sober me. It seemed to me that I understood Botvinnik's game and saw its strengths and weaknesses. I began to prepare for a meeting with him. I understood, of course, it was a completely different style of player than my style in those years. But I thought I had a chance to win.

paragraph: At the end of 1940 he won the Ukrainian Championship for the third consecutive year. In March 1941, he took part in the match-tournament for the title of Absolute Champion of the USSR, finishing fourth of six participants. On the eve of the match-tournament, he had to pass an examination at the University, and his preparation for the chess event proved to be inadequate.

paragraph: In 1945 he took second place in the 14th USSR championship, behind Mikhail Botvinnik. He won nine games, drew six, and lost two. He was awarded the Grandmaster title in the USSR. He made his international debut on third board of the USSR–USA radio match. He drew his first game with Reuben Fine and defeated him in the second game, winning a prize for the best game of the match. Boleslavsky secured a clear advantage in the opening thanks to his superior pawn structure and won without allowing Fine much counterplay. The Soviets regarded Fine as possibly the strongest American player, based on his international results in the pre-World War II era.

paragraph: In 1946, his daughter Tatiana was born; she later married David Bronstein. Boleslavsky and Bronstein had become friends in the late 1930s, and remained so throughout their lives. In 1946, Boleslavsky played abroad in an international tournament for the first time in Groningen and tied for sixth/seventh place.

paragraph: In 1950 Boleslavsky was one of the inaugural recipients of the International Grandmaster title from FIDE.

paragraph: Section::::World Championship Candidate.

paragraph: In the 1951 World Championship cycle, Boleslavsky qualified from the first-ever Interzonal at Saltsjöbaden 1948 into the Candidates Tournament two years later in Budapest. In the Candidates tournament -- the winner of which would play a World Chess Championship match against Mikhail Botvinnik -- he was the only undefeated player, and led for most of the tournament, but in the last round he was caught by Bronstein, who later won a playoff in Moscow later that same year (+3−2=9).

paragraph: This turned out to be Boleslavsky's last chance as a serious contender for the world championship. In 1953, he participated in the Candidates' tournament in Zürich, but finished in 10th–11th places, and never qualified for subsequent world championship cycles.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: In 1951, Boleslavsky was Bronstein's second during his match with Botvinnik for the world championship, which wound up drawn after 24 games. In 1952, he scored 7 out of 8 at the Helsinki Olympiad, helping the Soviet team to the gold medals. This was the only Olympiad he would play in his career, but he attended several others to provide support for the Soviet team.

paragraph: He won the Belarusian Championship in 1952 (joint) and 1964.

paragraph: In 1961, he played in his last USSR Championship final. He took first place at an international tournament in Debrecen. He was world champion Tigran Petrosian's assistant from 1963 to 1969.

paragraph: In 1968 he captained the USSR students' team, which won the World Championship at Ybbs. His last tournament appearance was in Minsk in 1971, at age 52. Boleslavsky was the chief trainer of the USSR Chess Federation in the 1960s, and he remained until his death a very well respected analyst and chess writer, particularly in opening theory.

paragraph: He died in Minsk on February 15, 1977, at the age of 57, after falling on an icy sidewalk, fracturing his hip and contracting a fatal infection while in hospital.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: One of Boleslavsky's main contributions to opening theory is the Boleslavsky Variation in the Sicilian Defence (1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Be2 e5). A feature of the pawn structure in this line called the Boleslavsky hole is named after him.

paragraph: Boleslavsky, together with fellow Ukrainians Bronstein, Efim Geller, and Alexander Konstantinopolsky, beginning in the late 1930s, turned the King's Indian Defence from a suspect variation into one of the most popular defences today. Hans Kmoch in his book "Pawn Power in Chess" calls the King's Indian configuration of black pawns on c6 and d6 (especially if the d-pawn is on a semi-open file) "the Boleslavsky Wall".

paragraph: Lev Polugaevsky said of him: I am convinced that any player, even the very strongest, can and should learn from his games (especially the Sicilians!). As regards his depth of penetration into the mysteries of the Sicilian Defence, for both sides moreover, it is doubtful if anyone could compare with Boleslavsky. He had a virtuoso feeling for the dynamics of the opening, and always aimed for a complicated and double-edged struggle, although by nature he was one of the most modest grandmasters with whom I have had the pleasure of rubbing shoulders.

paragraph: One of his friends and disciples Grandmaster Alexey Suetin wrote in the magazine : Boleslavsky was a man of exceptional modesty and great culture. If it is difficult to imagine Boleslavsky without chess, it is simply impossible to imagine him without books. He perfectly knew history, classical literature, poetry ... a truly innovative man, proven by his remarkable debut of systems in the Sicilian and King's Indian, his research enriched a number of other current openings. Deep in book, his witty analyses in chess periodicals have long made Isaac Boleslavsky one of the leading theorists in the world.

paragraph: A book of his best games, published in 1990, won the prize as the best chess book published in Great Britain that year.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Boleslavsky hole.

paragraph: In the Sicilian, a certain pawn structure is named after him called the Boleslavsky hole. This is where Black elects to play ...e5 leaving a backward pawn on d6 and also creating a 'hole' on the d5-square which could potentially become an outpost for a white knight at some stage in the game and is therefore seen as a potential weakness for the black side. This kind of formation is a well known structural feature in the Najdorf (cf. the "English attack" in the classical sense), but it can be contrasted against related but different Sicilians where Black chooses to play e6 instead of the e5 move; this avoids creating a 'hole' on d5 and the position instead transposes into a Scheveningen type of setup. It is not the case that ...e5 is considered a weaker move to play than the slightly more timid ...e6, but it could possibly be considered to be in the spirit of a less cautious, more aggressive, playing style. Despite the potential drawbacks of e5, it serves the positive function of "kicking" the centralized white knight on d4 back to a more passive location either on Nb3 or (less commonly) where it was originally positioned on Nf3; it can also go to e2 and happens here in Adams' attack. It is also worth mentioning that the backward pawn on d6 is not so easily targeted by the white pieces due to the fact that it is usually well protected by Black's dark squared bishop occupying the e7-square. Another positive role of playing ...e5 in one move is that it stakes a claim on one of the central squares. Obviously enough, it is possible to play ...e6 to get to the Scheveningen type of pawn structure and play ...e5 afterwards, so in this sense through loss of one tempo there can be a transposition from one type of pawn structure into another. According to Andrew Soltis, after a Boleslavsky hole is created, the idea is not to keep the pawn on d6 backwards; at some stage in the game, if Black is permitted to play a ...d6–d5 pawn advance this will free his dark squared bishop, releasing the position and freeing his game. In the famous Bg5 Najdorf Sicilian, the pawn advance e5 is rarely ever played at the top level because the white knight can hop into the f5-square with good practical chances for securing an advantage.

paragraph: Section::::Notable games.

paragraph: Boleslavsky had a plus record against Mikhail Tal (+2−0=3). He even beat Tal with the black pieces in Riga in 1958.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Bibliography

description: chess player

wikidata_label: Isaac Boleslavsky

wikipedia_title: Isaac Boleslavsky


text: French language

text: Jandourdis

text: Gascony

text: Occitan Language

paragraph: Joan Giraud d'Astròs

paragraph: Joan Giraud d'Astròs (in French language "Jean-Géraud d'Astros" ; Jandourdis, Gascony, 1594-1648) was an Occitan Language writer and a Catholic priest.

paragraph: His main work is the poem "Lou Trimfe de la lenguo gascouo" ("Lo Trimfe de la lengua gascoa", edited in 1642).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lo trinfe de la lengua gascoa" on Gallica.fr

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'escòla deu crestian idiòt" from Toulouse Library

description: French poet

wikidata_label: Joan Giraud d'Astròs

wikipedia_title: Joan Giraud d'Astròs


text:
Attic
black-figure
Group E
John Boardman
Herakles
Busiris
name vase
Panathenaic prize amphora
John Beazley
John Boardman

paragraph: Swing Painter

paragraph: The Swing Painter was an Attic black-figure vase painter, active in the third quarter of the sixth century BC. His real name is unknown.

paragraph: His phase of activity was roughly concurrent with that of Group E. An unusually large number of vases is ascribed to him, probably partially because his style is more distinctive than those of many of his contemporaries. His works are dated to the time between 540 and 520 BC. He is not considered an outstanding artist, but his work is often involuntarily amusing. Especially the oversized heads of his rather peacable figures with their clenched fists and striking noses seem rather comical to the modern eye. His style is cursory and seems careless, according to John Boardman. He used additional colours (beyond the standard black and red) to paint patterned clothing in a striking and original fashion.

paragraph: The artist used a broad repertoire of mythological subjects, including some rarely depicted scenes. His depiction of Herakles and Busiris is unique in that form. He also painted scenes from everyday life, such as men on stilts and domestic motifs, including the depiction of a swing on his name vase. He also painted Panathenaic prize amphorae.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Beazley: "Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters", Oxford 1956

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Boardman: "Schwarzfigurige Vasen aus Athen. Ein Handbuch", Mainz 1977, , p. 71

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elke Böhr: "Der Schaukelmaler", Mainz 1982 (Forschungen zur antiken Keramik Series II: Kerameus. Band 4 ])

alias:
Swing painter
Schaukel-Maler
Schaukelmaler

description: ancient attic-greek black-figure vase-painter

wikidata_label: Swing Painter

wikipedia_title: Swing Painter


text: Attic

text: black-figure

text: white-ground

text: lekythoi

text: name vase

text: Edinburgh

text: National Museums of Scotland

text: C. H. Emilie Haspels

text: John Beazley

text: John Boardman

paragraph: Edinburgh Painter

paragraph: The Edinburgh Painter was an Attic black-figure vase painter, active around 500 BC. His speciality was white-ground "lekythoi" painted in the black-figure style.

paragraph: His real name is unknown. His conventional name is derived from his name vase in Edinburgh, National Museums of Scotland 1956.436.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- C. H. Emilie Haspels: "Attic black-figured lekythoi", Paris 1936, p. 86-89. 215-221.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Beazley: "Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters", Oxford 1956, p. 476-480.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Boardman: "Schwarzfigurige Vasen aus Athen. Ein Handbuch", Mainz 1977, , p. 159.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Mannack: "Haspels addenda: additional references to C. H. E. Haspels Attic black-figured Lekythoi". Oxford 2006. , p.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vases by the Edinburgh Painter in Perseus

paragraph: br

description: Greek vase painter

wikidata_label: Edinburgh Painter

wikipedia_title: Edinburgh Painter


text:
Podolia Governorate
Oryol
Russian
statesman
Oryol Governorate
Moscow University
Oryol
Odessa

categories: 1867 deaths,Imperial Russian politicians,Moscow State University alumni,Russian nobility,1798 births,Russian memoirists

paragraph: Valerian Safonovich

paragraph: Valerian Ivanovich Safonovich (; 1798, Podolia Governorate — April 8, 1867, Oryol) — was a Russian statesman and politician who served as ruler of Oryol Governorate from 1854 to 1861.

paragraph: Educated in Moscow University. Worked in the Ministry of the Interior in 1842—1854.

paragraph: After Nikolay Krusenstern’s transmission from Oryol to Odessa in 1854, Safonovich was appointed ruler of Oryol Governorate (governor). In 1861 he retired from the service.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Иванова Л. В. Сатирическая поэма о Сафоновиче (аннотация) // Орловский гражданский губернатор В. И. Сафонович — Орёл: Издатель Александр Воробьёв, 2004. — С. 40—42. — 66 с. — (Золотая книга Орловщины)

description: Russia politician

wikidata_label: Valerian Safonovich

wikipedia_title: Valerian Safonovich


text:
Laconia
vase painter
Sparta
name vase
Arkesilas Cup
kylix
Cabinet des médailles
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Vulci
Arkesilaos II
Cyrene
nymph
Kyrene
North Africa
Corinthian
Attic vase painting
Herakles
amazons
symposion scenes
Greek mythology
Herakles
amazons
Atlas
Prometheus
Boreades Painter
John Boardman
Der Neue Pauly

paragraph: Arkesilas Painter

paragraph: The Arkesilas Painter was a Laconian vase painter active around 560 BC. He is considered one of the five great vase painters of Sparta.

paragraph: His conventional name is derived from his name vase, the so-called Arkesilas Cup, a "kylix" now on display at the Cabinet des médailles of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The vessel, found at Vulci, depicts Arkesilaos II, King of Cyrene, watching his subjects packing and weighing trade goods. It is a singular motif in ancient Greek art, and one of very few vase painting depicting recognisable historical figures. Along with a further painting by the artist which depicts the nymph Kyrene wrestling a lion, it led to the original suggestion that the artist was active in North Africa, but later excavations in laconia proved that notion to be false.

paragraph: Another of his vases depicts women, their skin indicated by white paint. This technique, typical of Corinthian and Attic vase painting, is not otherwise known from Laconian workshops. A similar image shows Herakles, apparently fighting two amazons. Their faces are white, their legs not visible.

paragraph: The Arkesilas Painter primarily painted cups. He mainly painted symposion scenes and images from Greek mythology. The latter are dominated by depictions of Herakles, the amazons, Atlas and Prometheus. The latter two figures occur together on a single vase. Apart from figural painting, he also ascribed vases bearing merely ornamental decoration. His drawing style is precise and lively. He was identified, as one of the first known Laconian vase painters, in 1934, by Eugene Numa Lane. His early work was originally falsely attributed to the then so-called "Hephaistos Painter", now known as the Boreades Painter.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Boardman: "Early Greek Vase Painting". Thames and Hudson, London 1998 . 11th to 6th Century BC. A Handbook, Thames and Hudson, London 1998 (World of Art), pp. 185–188, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Mannack: "Griechische Vasenmalerei. Eine Einführung". Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, pp. 125–128, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthis Steinhart: Arkesilas-Maler, In: Der Neue Pauly, V.2., p. 8.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conrad M. Stibbe: "Das andere Sparta". von Zabern, Mainz 1996 (Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt, Vol. 65), pp. 163–203, .

alias:
Arcesilas Painter
Arcesilas painter
Arkesilas painter

description: ancient laconian-greek vase-painter

wikidata_label: Arkesilas Painter

wikipedia_title: Arkesilas Painter


text:
Pieter Gerardus van Os
Jan van Os
Susanna de la Croix
Georgius
Maria Margaretha van Os
Kunst zij ons Doel
Anton Mauve
Johannes Hubertus Leonardus de Haas
Simonis & Bunk Collections
Works of Van Os on artnet.com

categories: 19th-century Dutch painters,Hague School,1892 deaths,1808 births,Artists from Amsterdam

paragraph: Pieter Frederik van Os

paragraph: Pieter Fredrik van Os (8 October 1808 – 31 March 1892) was a painter from the Northern Netherlands. He was the son and pupil of Pieter Gerardus van Os and worked mainly in the spirit of his father.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Van Os was born in Amsterdam, into a well-known family of artists. His grandparents were the painters Jan van Os and Susanna de la Croix. Besides his father, his aunt and uncle also became painters: Georgius and Maria Margaretha van Os. Van Os studied at the Royal Academy in Amsterdam, before traveling through Belgium and Germany. He settled in Haarlem in 1839. Like his father he specialized in painting animals, especially horses in all of their forms, as a work horse, draft horse or racehorse. In 1846 he became a board member of the Haarlem painting club "Kunst zij ons Doel". He died, aged 83, in Haarlem.

paragraph: Pieter Frederik van Os was the teacher of Anton Mauve (1838–1888) and Johannes Hubertus Leonardus de Haas (1832–1908).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simonis & Bunk Collections

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works of Van Os on artnet.com

description: Dutch painter

wikidata_label: Pieter Frederik van Os

wikipedia_title: Pieter Frederik van Os


text: Arts and Crafts Movement

text: Selwyn Image

text: Birmingham Group

text: Birmingham

text: England

text: Shropshire

text: England

text: Birmingham School of Art

text: Charles March Gere

text: Sidney Meteyard

text: Henry Payne

text: John Skirrow Wright

text: Paris

text: Birmingham School of Art

text: Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society

text: Christopher Whall

text: Selwyn Image

text: Image

text: Birmingham

text: Bromsgrove Guild of Applied Arts

text: Birmingham Group

text: Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society

text: International Exhibition

text: Christchurch

text: Victoria and Albert Museum

text: Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery

categories: 19th-century British women artists,People from Shropshire,1947 deaths,British textile artists,English landscape painters,Women textile artists,English women painters,English illustrators,20th-century British women artists,19th-century English women,1860 births,20th-century English women,English stained glass artists and manufacturers

paragraph: Mary J. Newill

paragraph: Mary Jane Newill (1860–1947) was an English painter, embroiderer, teacher, book illustrator and stained glass designer associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement. As a stained glass artist, she was a disciple of stained glass designer, Selwyn Image. Newill was a member of the Birmingham Group, an informal group of artists and craftsment that worked in Birmingham, England.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mary Jane Newill was born in Shropshire, England in 1860. She studied at the Birmingham School of Art in the 1880's and 1890's. Fellow students included Charles March Gere, Sidney Meteyard, and Henry Payne. Awarded a John Skirrow Wright scholarship in 1880, Newell continued her studies in Paris. She returned to Birmingham and was hired to teach embroidery and design at the Birmingham School of Art in 1892, a position she occupied until 1919.

paragraph: In 1893, Newill's "Babes in the Woods" stained glass panel cartoon was displayed at the annual Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society in London, only the second stained glass design by a female artist to be exhibited, and the first by a woman who later became a successful commercial artist. The drawing was later used by Christopher Whall as an illustration in his influential manual, "Stained Glass Work" (1905).

paragraph: Newill's drawings are similar to her mentor, Selwyn Image's work. "Although her subsequent stained glass work developed in interesting and original ways, it always retained echoes of Image's graphic simplification in the drawing." Newill had her own studio in central Birmingham by 1906, at a time when there were few women working in the profession. She was a designer for the Bromsgrove Guild of Applied Arts and a member of the Birmingham Group and of the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society. Most of Newill’s stained glass work was commissioned and purchased for private residences. Two public examples of her work are a window in the lady chapel of St. Mary and St. Ambrose Church in Edgbaston, and a window in the Wrockwardine Church in Shropshire.

paragraph: Embroidery by Newill and her students was displayed at the International Exhibition of 1906 in Christchurch, New Zealand. Some of her embroidery projects were commissioned for churches. Examples of her needlework are held in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum and of the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stained glass window at Wrockwardine Church

description: English artist and educator, who worked as a textile worker, landscape painter, book illustrator and stained glass designer

wikidata_label: Mary J. Newill

wikipedia_title: Mary J. Newill


text: Colonel

text: British

text: Conservative Party

text: Hampstead

text: Isidore

text: Montague

text: J. Lyons and Co.

text: Hannah

text: St Paul's School

text: Lincoln College, Oxford

text: Suffolk Regiment

text: First World War

text: captain

text: Second World War

text: Mentioned in Despatches

text: Territorial Army

text: Territorial Decoration

text: Member of Parliament

text: Nottingham East

text: 1931 general election

text: 1945 general election

text: Labour

text: James Harrison

text: Daniel Kawczynski

text: London County Council

text: St Marylebone

text: Greater London Council

text: Alderman

text: King's Counsel

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: County of London

text: knighted

text: Coronation

text: New Year Honours

text: Queen's Birthday Honours

categories: Suffolk Regiment officers,British Army personnel of World War I,Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford,Deputy Lieutenants of the County of London,Members of London County Council,UK MPs 1935–1945,1897 births,People from Hampstead,Queen's Counsel 1901–2000,Knights Bachelor,People educated at St Paul's School, London,1979 deaths,Members of the Greater London Council,British Queen's Counsel,British Army personnel of World War II,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Gluckstein family,UK MPs 1931–1935,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: Louis Gluckstein

paragraph: Colonel Sir Louis Halle Gluckstein (23 February 1897 – 27 October 1979) was a British lawyer and Conservative Party politician.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Gluckstein was born in Hampstead, London, the son of Joseph Gluckstein whose brothers Isidore and Montague founded the J. Lyons and Co. coffee house and catering empire in London. His mother, Francesca Halle, was an American opera singer, and his elder sister Hannah was a portrait painter.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Gluckstein was educated at St Paul's School and Lincoln College, Oxford. He was commissioned into the Suffolk Regiment during the First World War and also saw action as a captain in the Second World War, being Mentioned in Despatches in the early part of the war. He remained in the Territorial Army until his retirement in 1948, and was awarded the Territorial Decoration in 1947.

paragraph: Gluckstein was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Nottingham East at the 1931 general election, having contested the seat unsuccessfully in 1929. He held the seat until his defeat at the 1945 general election by the Labour candidate James Harrison. Gluckstein stood again in 1950, losing again to Harrison. At 2.02m (6'7.5"), he is believed to have been the tallest Member of Parliament until the election of Daniel Kawczynski in 2005.

paragraph: He was a Conservative councillor on the London County Council for St Marylebone from 1950 until its abolition in 1964, then on the Greater London Council for the Cities of London and Westminster from 1964 to 1967, and as an Alderman from 1967 to 1973.

paragraph: He was appointed as a King's Counsel on 29 June 1945.

paragraph: He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of London in 1952, knighted in the Coronation Honours of 1953, was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1964 New Year Honours, and was promoted to Knight Grand Cross (GBE) in the 1969 Queen's Birthday Honours.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Louis Gluckstein

wikipedia_title: Louis Gluckstein


text:
brothel-keeper
Covent Garden
Edinburgh
prostitute
St James's
John Gay
Earl FitzWilliam
Covent Garden
brothel
Betty Careless
bagnio
condom
Strand
syphilis
Jean Misaubin
Nocturnal Revels
Prince William, Duke of Cumberland
William Hogarth
The March of the Guards to Finchley
Enthusiasm Delineated
East Indiamen
Society for the Reformation of Manners
John Gonson
Rear Admiral Charles Holmes
Abraham Langford
John Cleland's
Fanny Hill
Samuel Foote

categories: 18th-century English businesspeople,1761 deaths,18th-century English women,English brothel owners and madams,1700s births

paragraph: Jane Douglas

paragraph: Jane Douglas ( – 10 June 1761), commonly known as Mother Douglas, was a brothel-keeper in mid-18th century London. Known at the time as "The Empress of the Bawds", her house in Covent Garden attracted customers from the higher echelons of society.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Mother Douglas was born around 1698 to a well-to-do Edinburgh family named Marinet. She had three sisters and at least one brother, but nothing more is known of the family. By the time she was 17, she was already working as a prostitute in London under the name Douglas. She worked out of a house in St James's, Piccadilly and was praised by John Gay as "that inimitable Courtesan". She was on intimate terms with many influential people, both men and women, but had a particularly close friendship with John Williams (later 1st Earl FitzWilliam). At some point she took possession of the St James's house and began to work as a procuress, choosing girls for their elegance, pleasant manners, and sexual expertise.

paragraph: Section::::Covent Garden.

paragraph: By 1735, she had moved to Covent Garden, home to many of the famous brothels of the time. She took a house in the Little Piazza, to the east of the main piazza on the corner of Russell Street, that had recently been vacated by Betty Careless. As she had done in St James's, she decorated the house in opulent style and hired liveried servants to wait on her customers. The Covent Garden location meant that customers were plentiful. It also had the advantage of being close to the theatres; these supplied a continual flow of beautiful, but poor, actresses—who would supplement their incomes by working for Douglas. The customers coming from the many drinking dens and bagnios that surrounded the square were often drunk and rowdy. This led to disturbances at the house, and occasional raids and arrests.

paragraph: In 1741, Douglas moved to the opposite side of the square into the vacant King's Head. This house was much larger, with a garden and running water supplied to the basement. Douglas made further improvements, installing a drain and cesspool, extending the water supply, and renovating the roof, chimneys, and staircases. This house was decorated to the highest standards with fine furniture, china, glass, and expensive paintings adorning the walls. She added a restaurant with liveried waiters to serve the guests. As well as paying high prices to enjoy the luxurious surroundings and hand-picked girls of her establishment, her patrons were able to take advantage of condoms manufactured by Jacobs in the Strand, presented in a silk bag and with a hefty markup. For those suffering from syphilis, she supplied Dr. Jean Misaubin's "pillule".

paragraph: According to the "Nocturnal Revels", her customers included "Prince, Peers and men of the Highest Rank". Prince William, Duke of Cumberland was a frequent visitor and presented her with some silver plate. William Hogarth often sketched in her house and featured her praying from the window of her house in "The March of the Guards to Finchley" and again in "Enthusiasm Delineated". Her house was also popular with army officers on leave and the captains of the East Indiamen.

paragraph: She attempted to maintain an honest house, discharging girls if they were caught stealing, but from time to time she fell afoul of the Society for the Reformation of Manners, in the person of Sir John Gonson and his anti-vice patrols, and was arrested. On most of these occasions she escaped with a fine, or by bribery escaped punishment completely, but she did once or twice have to spend time in prison.

paragraph: Section::::Decline and death.

paragraph: Around 1746, her fortunes took a turn for the worse. Her house fell out of fashion with high society and a lower class of customer began to patronise the establishment. Douglas herself became pregnant; the child was thought to be Lord Fitzwilliam's and was the subject of much debate, although Rear Admiral Charles Holmes, another of Douglas' lovers, later turned out to be the father. Additionally, Douglas' health was beginning to fail.

paragraph: By 1759, she was unable to continue business, and the lease on the King's Head passed to a relative, Amelia Douglas. Jane was described as "much bloated by Drink and Debauch...her Legs swelled out of shape...suffering great discomfort". She died on 10 June 1761 leaving a considerable estate. The contents of her house were sold off by her friend, the auctioneer, Abraham Langford. Although there was a genuine Mother Cole, Douglas supposedly forms the prototype for Mother Cole in John Cleland's "Fanny Hill", and together with Langford, those of Mrs. Cole and Mr. Smirk in Samuel Foote's "The Mirror".

alias:
Mother Douglas
The Empress of the Bawds

description: Brothel-keeper in London

wikidata_label: Jane Douglas

wikipedia_title: Jane Douglas


text:
medal
Giovanni Bellini
Cleveland Museum of Art

categories: 1460 births,1537 deaths,15th-century Italian sculptors,Italian male sculptors,Italian medallists,16th-century Italian sculptors

paragraph: Vittore Gambello

paragraph: Vittore Gambello (1460–1537) was an Italian sculptor and medallist.

paragraph: Gambello was born in Venice, and initially studied drawing under Giovanni Bellini.

paragraph: He was first noted for his work with medals. Gambello was granted the title "Maestro della Stampe" at the Venetian Mint in 1484. Instead of using the established techniques of casting medals in sand or using the lost-wax process, he perfected a method for stamping medals in high relief. This led to the ability to get more detail and create larger production runs.

paragraph: Some of his works reside at the Cleveland Museum of Art.

paragraph: Section::::References.

alias:
Vettore Camelio
Victorius Camelius
Vittore Camelio
Vettore Cambello
Vittore Camelus
Vittorio Gambello
Victorius Camelus
Vettore Gambello
Vittore Camelius
Camelio

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Vittore Gambello

wikipedia_title: Vittore Gambello


text:
General
KCB
British Army
House of Commons
Tory
Lord Cornwallis
Puerto Rico
Ralph Abercromby
San Domingo
Thomas Maitland
Port-au-Prince
New South Wales
Governor
Anglo-Portuguese Army
Peninsular War
Commander-in-chief
Bombay Army
1820 general election
Member of Parliament
Eye

categories: UK MPs 1820–1826,1829 deaths,Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath,Commanders-in-chief of Bombay,UK MPs 1826–1830,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Tory MPs (pre-1834),British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,1768 births

paragraph: Miles Nightingall

paragraph: General Sir Miles Nightingall KCB (25 December 1768 – 12 September 1829) was a British Army officer. He sat in the House of Commons as a Tory from 1820 to 1829.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Nightingall entered the army in 1787. He served in India and in England with Lord Cornwallis and was at Puerto Rico with Ralph Abercromby in 1797 and at the San Domingo with Thomas Maitland in December 1797. He arranged the evacuation of Port-au-Prince. He commanded the 4th Battalion in Ireland during Cornwallis' Viceroyalty, and was on the staff when the latter went as Ambassador-Extraordinary to France in 1802. He was also Military Secretary during Cornwallis' Viceroyalty in India.

paragraph: In the mid-1800s he was stationed in the British penal colony of New South Wales, where he commanded the 73rd Regiment. In 1809 he declined an offer to become Governor. Instead in 1811 he took command of the 1st division in the Anglo-Portuguese Army in the Peninsular War before going again to India, where he was the Commander-in-chief of the Bombay Army from 24 February 1816 to 9 October 1819. He returned to England in 1819 and was elected at the 1820 general election as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Eye,

paragraph: and held the seat until his death in 1829, aged 60.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Miles Nightingall

wikipedia_title: Miles Nightingall


text:
bass guitar
Frank Zappa
Missing Persons
new-age
Los Angeles
Pacific Northwest
Musicians Union
Portland, Oregon
Seattle
Cornish College of the Arts
Gary Peacock
San Francisco
Bay Area
Dexter Gordon
Terry Bozzio
Mark Isham
Frank Zappa
Weather Report
Kraftwerk
Brian Eno
Terry Bozzio
Missing Persons
Warren Cuccurullo
Dale Bozzio
Spring Session M
Rhyme & Reason
Color In Your Life
Duran Duran
Andy Taylor
Sex Pistols
Steve Jones
Thunder
Tangerine Dream
Peter Baumann
Private Music
Mahavishnu Orchestra
Jerry Goodman
Roxy Music
Eddie Jobson
Yanni
Suzanne Ciani
fretless bass
Grammy
Colin Chin
world music
Joe "The Butcher" Nicolo
Carmen Rizzo Jr.
White Sands
Willem Dafoe
Samuel L. Jackson
Roger Donaldson
Silent Tongue
Sam Shepard
Alan Bates
Richard Harris
River Phoenix
Dermot Mulroney
David Torn
Warren Cuccurullo
Grammy
Crying Freeman
Joaquín Rodrigo
Echoes
musical movements of the 20th century
Steve Roach
Pierre Boulez
Simpatico
John Hiatt
Same Old Man
The Open Road
Dirty Jeans and Mudslide Hymns
Mystic Pinball
electronic
Mark Isham
Terry Bozzio
Dale Bozzio
Warren Cuccurullo
David Torn
Peter Baumann
Official site
Allmusic
Patrick O'Hearn Discography

categories: American people of Irish descent,Sunset High School (Beaverton, Oregon) alumni,Musicians from Portland, Oregon,New-age musicians,American electronic musicians,Windham Hill Records artists,Private Music artists,Cornish College of the Arts alumni,People from Malden, Massachusetts,American male musicians,Musicians from Los Angeles,American new wave musicians,Missing Persons (band) members,1954 births,Living people

paragraph: Patrick O'Hearn

paragraph: Patrick O'Hearn (born September 6, 1954) is an American multi-instrumentalist, composer, and recording artist.

paragraph: Known primarily as a bass guitarist and keyboardist, O'Hearn came to prominence with Frank Zappa and co-founded the early 1980s new-wave band Missing Persons with several other veterans from Zappa's bands. While O'Hearn's musical repertoire spans a diverse range of music, he is an acclaimed new-age artist in his solo career. In addition to solo albums, he has composed soundtracks for movies and television.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Formative years.

paragraph: Born in Los Angeles, California and raised in the Pacific Northwest, O'Hearn began his professional music career at age 15 when he joined the Musicians Union and began playing night clubs in Portland, Oregon. Upon graduating from Sunset High School in 1972, he moved to Seattle, Washington. There, he briefly attended Cornish College of the Arts and, as well, studied privately with bassist Gary Peacock.

paragraph: In 1973, he moved to San Francisco, California and soon became involved in the vibrant Bay Area jazz scene of that time, playing bass for well-established artists Charles Lloyd, Joe Henderson, Dexter Gordon, Joe Pass, Woody Shaw, Eddie Henderson, and Bobby Hutcherson, as well as with other like-aged young musicians, including Terry Bozzio, Mark Isham and Peter Maunu.

paragraph: While on tour in Los Angeles in 1976, O'Hearn met musician Frank Zappa, who offered him a job as bass player in his band—a position he held for over two years. During this period, O’Hearn shifted from the acoustic bass to the electric bass guitar (given the requirements of Zappa's arrangements), and also became increasingly interested in electronic music. Zappa encouraged O’Hearn to explore his premium collection of synthesizers, and also introduced him to the technical aspects of intricate physical tape editing as a way of producing compositions (in an era prior to home computers), audio engineering, and home studio audio recording equipment.

paragraph: In 1979, O'Hearn teamed with trumpet player Mark Isham and guitarist Peter Maunu to form Group 87, an ensemble influenced by the early recordings of Weather Report, Kraftwerk and ambient minimalism of Brian Eno. Although they only produced two LPs—"Group 87" in 1980, and "A Career in Dada Processing" in 1984—Group 87 would help establish the musical direction of O'Hearn's solo career. Both Isham and Maunu would continue as important collaborators on several of O'Hearn's subsequent solo releases.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:1980s and solo career.

paragraph: In 1981, drummer and former Zappa bandmate Terry Bozzio invited O’Hearn to join his emerging new wave band, Missing Persons along with guitarist and fellow Zappa alumnus Warren Cuccurullo and Dale Bozzio, who had performed vocals in several Zappa productions and recently married Terry. The nature of the music called for O'Hearn to make a further shift—this time, from electric bass to synthesizers. Missing Persons recorded three albums for Capitol Records: "Spring Session M" (1982), "Rhyme & Reason" (1984), and "Color In Your Life" (1986). The band dissolved in early 1986; subsequently, O'Hearn joined with former Duran Duran guitarist Andy Taylor and former Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones for one album, "Thunder" (1987), and a brief tour. Although both Terry Bozzio and Warren Cuccurullo later contributed to several of O'Hearn's solo albums, O'Hearn declined to take part in the 2001 Missing Persons reunion.

paragraph: O'Hearn's solo career was spurred in large part by former Tangerine Dream member Peter Baumann, who had been conceiving of a new music label that would showcase progressive instrumental music—a niche earlier explored by Group 87. Baumann formed the Private Music label in late 1984, and signed O'Hearn as a charter artist (with Mahavishnu Orchestra violinist Jerry Goodman, Roxy Music keyboardist Eddie Jobson, and later, new-age notables Yanni and Suzanne Ciani), and produced O'Hearn's debut solo album, "Ancient Dreams" (1985).

paragraph: Signature elements readily manifest in "Ancient Dreams": found percussion instruments, hypnotic bass guitar patterns, synthesized pads, and minimalist harmonies. Perhaps biased by his preferred instrument, O'Hearn often adds jazz elements, particularly in his frequent use of the bass guitar (often a fretless bass) as the lead voice.

paragraph: O'Hearn followed "Ancient Dreams" with two more albums—"Between Two Worlds" (1987), which earned the artist his first Grammy nomination, and "Rivers Gonna Rise" (1988). Notably, the albums gradually became brighter in tone as O'Hearn began to receive greater airplay on jazz and new-age radio stations. O'Hearn also co-produced several tracks for guitarist Colin Chin's "Intruding on a Silence", featuring Mark Isham on trumpet - as such, the output strongly echoes Group 87's earlier work.

paragraph: The fourth album, "Eldorado" (1989), ventured decidedly into the world music genre, infusing O'Hearn's signature sound with rhythms and timbres drawn from disparate sources such as South America and the Middle East. As such, O'Hearn's arrangements accommodated a wider array of instrumentation, such as human singing and the solo violin (most notably on "Black Delilah".) Commercially, "Eldorado" performed well among new-age audiences; some tracks remain popular on jazz stations today.

paragraph: In 1990, Private Music, O'Hearn's record label at the time, released an album of techno remixes aptly named "Mix-Up", featuring contributions from popular music producers, including David Frank, Joe "The Butcher" Nicolo, and Carmen Rizzo Jr. However, "Mix-Up" was panned by critics and fans, and remains long out of print. The album was the brainchild of the A&R department of Private Music and was released without Patrick knowing about it. He had only agreed to allow some remixes of his material to be experimented with in European dance clubs, and the first he knew of the album's release was when it was in the stores. The versions of the tracks are vastly different from what O'Hearn had originally produced.

paragraph: Yet another major turning point in O'Hearn's music career was marked with the release of "Indigo" (1991). Ostensibly billed by the label as being "In the tradition of "Ancient Dreams"", O'Hearn downplayed the use of synthesizers and instead focused on manipulating space, acoustics, and textures to create an album with a cohesive consistency of tone.

paragraph: As O'Hearn's tenure with Private Music was ending, a compilation album representing their years together was released in 1992, titled "The Private Music of Patrick O'Hearn." This album included three previously unreleased tracks titled "Down Hill Racer", "Irene", and "Step".

paragraph: In 1992, O'Hearn composed and performed the music score for "White Sands," a police thriller starring Willem Dafoe and Samuel L. Jackson. The film was directed by Roger Donaldson. Later that year he composed the score to "Silent Tongue", written and directed by Sam Shepard and starring Alan Bates, Richard Harris, River Phoenix and Dermot Mulroney.

paragraph: After a four-year absence of solo album recording, a period primarily focused on composing film scores, O'Hearn released "Trust" in 1995 under the newly formed Deep Cave record label. Featuring contributions from David Torn and former bandmates Terry Bozzio and Warren Cuccurullo, "Trust" earned O'Hearn his second Grammy nomination. Shortly after the release of his next album, "Metaphor" (1996), the Deep Cave record label folded. Also released in 1996 was the soundtrack to the film "Crying Freeman,"

paragraph: There have been a few various artists albums that O'Hearn has contributed new material to. In 1998, his 12-minute composition "35th Parallel" appeared on the five-artist album "The Ambient Expanse". In 2000, his version of a Johann Sebastian Bach piece called "Prelude from Cello Suite No. 1" appeared on the compilation "A Different Prelude: A Contemporary Collection". In 2003 his version of the Joaquín Rodrigo composition "Adagio from Fantasy for a Gentleman" appeared on the compilation "Adagio: A Windham Hill Collection". This last track can also be found on the various artists compilation "Sundown: Windham Hill Piano Collection", released in 2006.

paragraph: O'Hearn's next solo project, "So Flows the Current" (2001), was recorded over a three-year period from 1997 to 2000. The album saw O'Hearn move away from the MIDI-centric style of music production and performance, relying more on musicians playing live together in the studio. The result is an album of earthy and atmospheric music, and which yielded a subsequent album in 2006.

paragraph: In 2002, cinematographer David Fortney created a film of spectacular landscape images, assembled together with some of his favorite Patrick O'Hearn music. The result was "Timeless - A National Parks Odyssey" which was released on DVD in 2003. This also includes a new version of the track "Beauty In Darkness," originally from O'Hearn's debut album.

paragraph: "Beautiful World" was O'Hearn's next release in 2003, and it was voted the No. 1 album on the nationally syndicated radio program "Echoes". This was followed by "Slow Time" in 2005, which marked a departure for O'Hearn, in that he ventured into the experimental realm characterized by musical movements of the 20th century, including references to Steve Roach and Pierre Boulez.

paragraph: In 2006, O'Hearn released three recordings via iTunes online delivery only. The first two of these were the soundtrack EP to Sean Garland's short film "The Wheelhouse" and the soundtrack to the Sam Shepard play "Simpatico" (originally recorded in 1994). These were shortly followed by "The So Flows Sessions", which was previously unreleased material from the same recording sessions in 1997–2000 that produced "So Flows The Current".

paragraph: The next year in 2007 O'Hearn released the CD "Glaciation", inspired by images of Earth's Arctic regions. In the summer of 2007, O'Hearn was introduced to singer-songwriter John Hiatt and played bass on Hiatt's "Same Old Man" album. Hiatt subsequently asked him to join his band and tour in support of the album's 2008 release. O'Hearn continued to tour with Hiatt through 2010 and recorded on his following releases: "The Open Road" (2010), "Dirty Jeans and Mudslide Hymns" (2011), and "Mystic Pinball" (2012).

paragraph: O'Hearn's 13th album "Transitions" was released digitally on August 23, 2011, and on CD on October 4. It was voted No.1 album of 2011 on the "Echoes" Listener's Poll.

paragraph: In December 2013, a various artists album titled "Nashville Indie Spotlight" was released, which includes a new piece by Patrick O'Hearn and Peter Maunu called "Out of Reach". It is a slow, atmospheric blend of acoustic guitar, double bass and keyboards.

paragraph: His daughter, Rachel, is an electronic musician, performing under the names Chromatiq, and Black Sound Effects.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Isham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Terry Bozzio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dale Bozzio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Warren Cuccurullo

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Torn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Baumann

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Patrick O'Hearn] at Allmusic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrick O'Hearn Discography

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Patrick O'Hearn

wikipedia_title: Patrick O'Hearn


text:
ancient China
Xia Dynasty
Xie of Xia
King Máng
King Jiōng
King Kǒng Jiǎ
Jin of Xia
Bamboo Annals
Jiuyuan
Shang
Jiong

paragraph: Bu Jiang

paragraph: Bu Jiang (不降) was a king of ancient China, the 11th ruler of the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty. He ruled 59 years.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bu Jiang was a son of King Xie of Xia and his consort and thus a grandson of King Máng and brother of King Jiōng.

paragraph: His consort is unknown, and it is possible that he had concubines. His son was King Kǒng Jiǎ and his nephew was Jin of Xia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bu Jiang is widely regarded as one of the wisest kings of Xia.

paragraph: According to "Bamboo Annals", on the 6th year of his regime, he fought with Jiuyuan.

paragraph: In the 35th year of his reign, his vassal state of Shang defeated Pi (皮氏).

paragraph: In the 59th year of his regime he passed his throne to his younger brother Jiong. 10 years later, Bu Jiang died.

description: 11th chinese king of Xia Dynasty

wikidata_label: Bu Jiang

wikipedia_title: Bu Jiang


text:
Chinese king
Xia Dynasty
Xie of Xia
Máng
Bu Jiang
Jǐn
Kong Jia
Bamboo Annals
Records of the Grand Historian
throne
regime

paragraph: Jiong of Xia

paragraph: Jiong () was a Chinese king, the 12th ruler of the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Jiōng was a son of King Xie of Xia and his spouse and thus a grandson of Máng and brother of Bu Jiang.

paragraph: His own consort is unknown. His son was Jǐn and his nephew was Kong Jia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to the "Bamboo Annals", Jiōng ruled about 18 years, while according to the "Records of the Grand Historian", he ruled about 21 years.

paragraph: He got his throne in the year of "Wuxu".

paragraph: In the 10th year of his regime, Bu Jiang died.

description: 12th chinese king of Xia Dynasty

wikidata_label: Jiong of Xia

wikipedia_title: Jiong of Xia


text: Xiongnu

text: chanyu

text: myriad

text: Modern Persian

text: Tajik

text: Dari

text: "tōmān"

text: "tūmān"

text: Mongolian

text: "tümen"

text: Old Turkic

text: Tocharian

text: Tocharian

text: Old Chinese

text: Middle Chinese

text: Qin dynasty

text: Warring States

text: Sima Qian

text: China

text: "Dōnghú"

text: Yuezhi

text: Qin Shi Huang

text: China

text: Meng Tian

text: Ordos region

text: drove the Xiongnu northward

text: Yellow River

text: Modu

text: Book of Han

text: Watson, Burton

text: Records of the Grand Historian

text: Beckwith, Christopher I.

text: Zizhi tongjian

text: Doerfer, Gerhard

text: Ban Gu

text: Steingass, Francis Joseph

text: All Empires: The Xiongnu Empire

categories: Chanyus,3rd-century BC rulers in Asia,Xiongnu

paragraph: Touman

paragraph: Touman or Teoman (), or T'u-man, – is the earliest named Xiongnu chanyu (匈奴單于), reigning from .

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: The name Touman is likely related to a word meaning '10,000, a myriad', which was widely borrowed between language families in, most plausibly, the order indicated by the following representative list of its forms: Modern Persian (which includes the Tajik and Dari dialects of it) "tōmān" ~ "tūmān", Mongolian "tümen", Old Turkic "tümän", East Tocharian "tmāṃ", West Tocharian "t()māne", which possibly even includes Old Chinese and later , whose pronunciation can be reconstructed as for instance an early Middle Chinese *"muanʰ". Note however that our only certain evidence this number-word already existed around and before Touman's lifetime would be the Chinese; not until many centuries after he lived are the other languages with this word in them first attested.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: By the time the Qin dynasty had conquered the six Warring States and began its reign over a unified China in 221 BCE, the nomadic Xiongnu had grown into a powerful force in the north and started expanding both east and west. According to Sima Qian, there was a long line of Xiongnu leaders preceding Touman's son, but only from the start of his reign did information become available to historians in China. Competing with the Xiongnu for supremacy were the "Dōnghú" (東胡) or 'Eastern Barbarians' and the Yuezhi. In 215 BCE, Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, sent a 100,000-strong army headed by General Meng Tian into the Ordos region and drove the Xiongnu northward for 1,000 "li" (about 416 km).

paragraph: "Touman, unable to hold out against the Qin forces, had withdrawn to the far north, where he held out for over ten years."

paragraph: Some time after the death of Meng Tian in 210 BCE, the Xiongnu crossed the Yellow River and re-established themselves in their previous territory.

paragraph: Touman favored a younger son from another concubine. To get rid of his eldest son, Modu (冒頓) sent him to the Yuezhi as a hostage, and then made a sudden attack on them. In retaliation the Yuezhi prepared to kill Modu, but he managed to steal a horse and escape back to the Xiongnu. Touman was impressed with his bravery and Modu in command of a force of 10,000 horsemen. Modu was very successful in training his men to obey him absolutely. In 209 BCE, Modu commanded his men to shoot his father, killing him as well as his stepmother, younger brother, and the high officials who refused to take orders from him. Thereafter Mod became chanyu.

paragraph: The "Book of Han" ("juan" 94's "upper" section) recounts the end of Touman’s life in vivid language, as follows (literal English translation, then the Classical Chinese).

paragraph: ... The chanyu[, Touman,] had a son and heir, by name called Modu. Later, he had a beloved khanum, who gave birth to a young[er] son. Touman wanted, casting aside Modu, to install the young son [in the position]. He managed to send Modu as a hostage to the Yuezhi. Upon Modu having become a hostage, Touman quickly attacked the Yuezhi. The Yuezhi wanted to kill Modu. Modu stole their good horses, rode, went away, and returned home. Touman took it as a show of strength and ordered that he have command of 10,000 riders. Modu managed to make whistling arrowheads and with them training his riders to shoot. He gave an order, saying: "Those who do not always shoot at something shot at by an arrow with a whistling arrowhead will be beheaded." He conducted hunting for game-animals. He had some not shooting at something the whistling arrowhead(s) [had] shot at, and he on the spot beheaded them. That being done, Modu with a whistling arrowhead shot at a good horse of his own. At [his] left and right, some did not at all dare to shoot. Modu straightaway beheaded them. [Next,] he waited, a while passed, [then,] again with a whistling arrowhead, he shot at his own beloved wife. At [his] left and right, he had some who were quite afraid and did not dare shoot, and he again beheaded them. A while passed. Modu went out hunting. With a whistling arrowhead, he shot at a good horse of [Touman,] the chanyu's. At [his] left and right, all shot at it. Modu thereupon knew that his left and right could be used [for the task]. He went along on a hunt of his father, the chanyu, Touman's, and with a whistling arrowhead shot at Touman. His left and right, all following the whistling arrowhead, shot at and killed Touman. They put to death both his stepmother and the younger brother and even some important retainers who did not obey and go along. Modu thereupon installed himself and became chanyu.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watson, Burton. (1993). "Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian". Translated by Burton Watson. Revised Edition. Columbia University Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009): "Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present". Princeton: Princeton University Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yap, Joseph P. (2009). "Wars With The Xiongnu, A Translation from Zizhi tongjian". AuthorHouse, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A. . Introduction and Chapter 2.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doerfer, Gerhard (1963-1975). "Türkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen". 4 vols. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner. OCLC accession number 01543707 on Worldcat.org, where no ISBN found.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ban Gu 班固. (89 AD). "Han shu" 漢書.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steingass, Francis Joseph. (1892; Fifth Impression, 1963; ...). "A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary". London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- All Empires: The Xiongnu Empire

description: Xiongnu chanyu

wikidata_label: Touman

wikipedia_title: Touman


text:
Australian
Electronic Dance Music
electro
techno
electroclash
FBI Radio 94.5
Tiga
Parkville
Melbourne
Official site

categories: 20th-century Australian musicians,2013 deaths,Road incident deaths in Australia,Australian DJs,Pedestrian road incident deaths,Australian house musicians,Accidental deaths in Victoria (Australia),1971 births,21st-century Australian musicians

paragraph: DJ Ajax

paragraph: Adrian Thomas (5 August 1971 – 28 February 2013), better known as DJ Ajax, was an Australian Electronic Dance Music DJ known for playing a wide range of styles, including electro, techno and electroclash.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Thomas was a radio show host for Sunsets (Bang Gang Show) on FBI Radio 94.5 and a founding member of Australian collective Bang Gang.

paragraph: He toured France, USA and the UK in 2006 for Modular UK and released a remix/mix CD package Spin City through Tinted Records. In turn, he mixed Ministry of Sound Mashed 1 and Ministry of Sound Mashed 2 with Bang Gang DJs in 2002 and 2004 respectively, and a mix CD with Tiga titled "INTHEMIX.05" in 2005.

paragraph: Ajax was voted one of Australia's top 5 DJs in the inthemix 50 poll, taking out the number one spot in both 2006 and 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Thomas was crossing a road in Parkville, an inner Melbourne suburb, in the early hours of 28 February 2013 when he was hit by a truck and died at the scene.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

description: Australian DJ

wikidata_label: Ajax

wikipedia_title: DJ Ajax


text:
ornithologist
marine biologist
curator
natural history
Berne
frigate
comparative anatomy
veterinary medicine
Victor Fatio
Ophiuroidea
crustaceans
Ascension Island
Cape of Good Hope
Isopoda
Asteridea
Euryalida
Alcyonaria
mollusks

categories: Swiss zoologists,University of Bern faculty,1922 deaths,Swiss ornithologists

paragraph: Théophile Rudolphe Studer

paragraph: Théophile Rudolphe Studer (27 November 1845 – 12 February 1922) was a Swiss ornithologist and marine biologist.

paragraph: From 1871 to 1922 he was a curator of zoological collections at the museum of natural history in Berne. In 1874-76 he took part in a scientific journey aboard the German frigate- "S.M.S. Gazelle". Two years after his return he was a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the school of veterinary medicine in Berne.

paragraph: Section::::Written works.

paragraph: With Victor Fatio (1838-1906), he published the first three installments of "Catalogue des oiseaux de la Suisse" (Catalogue of birds of Switzerland). Other writings by Studer include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Übersicht ūber die Ophiuriden welche während der Reise S.M.S. Gazelle um die Erde 1874-1876 gesammelt Wurden", 1882 - Overview of Ophiuroidea, collected by the S.M.S. Gazelle voyage of 1874-1876.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Verzeichniss der Crustaceen welche während der Reise S.M.S. Gazelle an der Westküste von Afrika, Ascension und dem Cap der guten Hoffnung gesammelt wurden", 1882 - Directory of crustaceans, collected by the S.M.S. Gazelle voyage to the west coast of Africa, Ascension Island and the Cape of Good Hope.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Isopoden, gesammelt während der Reise S.M.S. Gazelle um die Erde 1874-76", 1884 - Isopoda collected by the S.M.S. Gazelle voyage of 1874-76.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Verzeichniss der während der Reise S.M.S. Gazelle um die Erde, 1874-1876, gesammelten Asteriden und Euryalideen", 1884 - Directory of the S.M.S. Gazelle voyage, collections of Asteridea and Euryalida.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Supplementary report on the Alcyonaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76", published in English in 1889.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fauna helvetica. Oiseaux", 1895 - Swiss fauna, birds.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fauna helvetica. Mollusques", 1896 - Swiss fauna, mollusks.

alias:
Studer
Theophile Rudolphe Studer

description: Swiss zoologist

wikidata_label: Théophile Rudolphe Studer

wikipedia_title: Théophile Rudolphe Studer


text:
Merania
Otto I, Duke of Merania
Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy
Plassenburg
Kulmbach
Berneck
Goldkronach
Wirsberg
Himmelkron
Zwernitz Castle
Trebgast
Herman II, Count of Weimar-Orlamünde
Herman "the Elder"
Herman III
Albert III
Otto III "the Magnificent"
Sophie
Otto "the Younger"
Würzburg

categories: 1210 births,1271 deaths,House of Andechs,German countesses

paragraph: Beatrix of Andechs-Merania

paragraph: Beatrix of Merania (1210 – 9 February 1271) was a princess of Merania by birth, and the Countess of Weimar-Orlamünde by marriage.

paragraph: Beatrix was the daughter of Otto I, Duke of Merania and Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy.

paragraph: She was an heiress to Plassenburg Castle, with Kulmbach and Mittelberg and the Lordship of Berneck, including Goldkronach, Meinau, Wirsberg, Pretzendorf (now called Himmelkron), Zwernitz Castle and Trebgast.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and Issue.

paragraph: She was married to Herman II, Count of Weimar-Orlamünde. They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herman "the Elder", was a clergyman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herman III ( – 1283), inherited Orlamünde

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert III (d. 1293)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otto III "the Magnificent" ( – 13 May 1285), married Anges of Leiningen ( – ), inherited Weimar, Rudolstadt and Plassenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sophie, married in 1259 to Count Henry VIII of Weida ( – 17 September 1280)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otto "the Younger", canon at Würzburg from 1265 to 1308

description: Duchess of Andechs-Merania by birth and by marriage Countess of Weimar-Orlamünde

wikidata_label: Beatrix of Andechs-Merania

wikipedia_title: Beatrix of Andechs-Merania