text: Zanesville, Ohio

text: Ralph Adams Cram

text: Eloise Blaine Cram

text: Ralph LaVenture Cram

text: Boeing 307 Stratoliner

text: Oakdale Memorial Gardens

text: printer's devil

text: Davenport Democrat

text: Davenport, Iowa

text: World War I

text: National Aeronautic Association

text: Ralph W. Cram Papers

text: Newberry Library

text: Ralph W. Cram

text: Death of Dr. C.W. Cram

text: Cram, Eloise Blaine

text: Cram Field, Davenport Iowa

categories: Aviation pioneers,Writers from Davenport, Iowa,American aviation writers,1952 deaths,People from Zanesville, Ohio,American newspaper editors,1869 births

paragraph: Ralph W. Cram

paragraph: Ralph Warren Cram (June 19, 1869 – May 8, 1952) was a newspaper editor and aviator.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Zanesville, Ohio, in 1869, son of Charles W. Cram, a physician, and Clarissa Deming. Cram was a cousin of American architect Ralph Adams Cram. He married Mary Belle (Mabel) Laventure in 1892, and they had six children including parasitologist Eloise Blaine Cram (1896–1957) and aviation engineer Ralph LaVenture Cram (1906–1939) who was killed during a test flight of the first Boeing 307 Stratoliner.

paragraph: He died in 1952. He was buried at Oakdale Memorial Gardens, among other historical figures prominent on Davenport's history.

paragraph: Section::::Newspaperman.

paragraph: In 1883 Cram began his newspaper career as a printer's devil with the "Davenport Democrat" of Davenport, Iowa. After being a reporter, city editor, and managing editor, in 1930 he became editor and publisher, a position he held until his retirement in 1940. Cram was an acknowledged political analyst, and his editorials reflected life not only in Davenport, but in the state and nation as a whole.

paragraph: Section::::Aviation.

paragraph: An authority on aviation and an avid pilot, in 1919 following World War I Cram began flying, and edited the History of War Activities of Scott County Iowa in 1921. On 11 November 1928 (Armistice Day), Cram Field Davenport Municipal Airport was dedicated in his honor, and in 1934 he was appointed state director in charge of airport improvement in Iowa. He was a charter member of the National Aeronautic Association in 1922, and was also a sponsor of the Airplane Owners and Pilots Association. Cram was a frequent contributor to aeronautic magazines and the author of "Soloing at Sixty-two." He wrote the story of his life in seventy-eight chapters, published serially in the "Democrat and Leader", 1937–1939.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph W. Cram Papers at Newberry Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph W. Cram in: A Narrative History of The People of Iowa with SPECIAL TREATMENT OF THEIR CHIEF ENTERPRISES IN EDUCATION, RELIGION, VALOR, INDUSTRY, BUSINESS, ETC., by EDGAR RUBEY HARLAN, LL. B., A. M. Curator of the Historical, Memorial and Art Department of Iowa Volume IV THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Inc. Chicago and New York. 1931

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph W. Cram, 1921. History of War Activities of Scott County Iowa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Death of Dr. C.W. Cram in: The Medical Brief: A Monthly Journal of Scientific Medicine and Surgery, Volume 27 - January 1, 1899: p. 1396.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cram, Eloise Blaine in: Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science, edited by Marilyn Ogilvie and Joy Harvey, p. 608. Routledge, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alder, WA Dutch Airliner Crashes, Mar 1939. Sandusky Register Ohio 1939-03-19.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilma, David, 2000. Boeing Stratoliner crash kills 10 on March 18, 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cram Field, Davenport Iowa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gantt, Marlene, 2009. Davenport's Cram topflight editor, first-rate pilot. Quad City Times.

description: American editor

wikidata_label: Ralph W. Cram

wikipedia_title: Ralph W. Cram


text:
mathematician
botanist
Pescia
Ippolito Rosellini
University of Pisa
University of Florence
Leopoldo Nobili
Genoa
Giacomo Doria
Turin
Casale Monferrato
Vilfredo Pareto

wikipedia_title:
Mathematician
Botany
Pescia
Ippolito Rosellini
University of Pisa
University of Florence
Leopoldo Nobili
Genoa
Giacomo Doria
Turin
Casale Monferrato
Vilfredo Pareto

categories: University of Pisa alumni,Italian botanists,1872 deaths,19th-century botanists,1814 births,People from Pisa,19th-century Italian mathematicians,University of Florence alumni

paragraph: Ferdinando Pio Rosellini

paragraph: Ferdinando Pio Rosellini (1814–1872) was an Italian mathematician and botanist.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: The son of a wealthy family of merchants of Pescia, his elder brother was the Egyptologist Ippolito Rosellini. He studied mathematics at the University of Pisa, and mathematical physics at the University of Florence under Leopoldo Nobili.

paragraph: From 1836 he was the tutor for the four sons of Giorgio Doria in Genoa; one of them became the known botanist Giacomo Doria, the namesake of the Natural History Museum of Genoa. In 1846, three years after the death of his brother Ippolito, he married his widow and adopted his three sons: Eugenio, Angela and Giovanbattista.

paragraph: In 1848, during the Revolutionary period, he was very active in politics; he was a member of the Circolo Patriottico Milanese, and editor of the political journal "La Croce di Savoia".

paragraph: In 1853 he was appointed director of the "Istituto di Commercio e Industria" of Turin, founded by Cavour. From 1859 he was director of "Istituto Tecnico Leardi" in Casale Monferrato where he had as a student a young Vilfredo Pareto. After his death, his herbarium and manuscripts remained in the Istituto.

description: botanist (1817-1873)

wikidata_label: Ferdinando Rosellini

wikipedia_title: Ferdinando Pio Rosellini


text:
Czech
ice hockey
goaltender
Lahti Pelicans
Liiga
New York Islanders
2018 NHL Entry Draft

wikipedia_title:
Czech Republic
Ice hockey
Goaltender
Lahti Pelicans
Liiga
New York Islanders
2018 NHL Entry Draft

categories: 1999 births,People from Jihlava,HC Dukla Jihlava players,New York Islanders draft picks,Czech ice hockey players,HC Sparta Praha players,Living people,Lahti Pelicans players

paragraph: Jakub Škarek

paragraph: Jakub Škarek (born 10 November 1999) is a Czech ice hockey goaltender currently playing for Lahti Pelicans of the Finnish Liiga. Škarek was drafted in the third round, 72nd overall by the New York Islanders in the 2018 NHL Entry Draft.

description: Czech ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Jakub Škarek

wikipedia_title: Jakub Škarek


text: gridiron football

text: quarterback

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: undrafted free agent

text: college football

text: Arizona State

text: Westlake High School

text: California Interscholastic Federation

text: Los Angeles Daily News

text: Prepstar Magazine

text: California

text: SuperPrep Magazine

text: All-American

text: Rivals.com

text: Rutgers

text: Insight Bowl

text: Sam Keller

text: Dirk Koetter

text: Nebraska

text: Scout.com

text: Sporting News

text: Northern Arizona

text: Nevada

text: Colorado

text: California

text: USC

text: Stanford

text: 2007 Holiday Bowl

text: Texas

text: Jake Plummer

text: California Golden Bears

text: Dennis Erickson

text: undrafted free agent

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: 2009 NFL Draft

text: practice squad

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Josh Freeman

text: Carolina Panthers

text: Josh Johnson

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: Kansas City Chiefs

text: BC Lions

text: Travis Lulay

text: Chris Hart

text: Official Website

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio

text: Arizona State Sun Devils bio

categories: Players of American football from California,Dallas Cowboys players,1986 births,Arizona State Sun Devils football players,Tampa Bay Buccaneers players,American football quarterbacks,Living people

paragraph: Rudy Carpenter

paragraph: Rudy Carpenter (born April 15, 1986) is a former professional gridiron football quarterback. He was signed by the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Arizona State.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Carpenter led Westlake High School to a 14-0 record and the 2003 California Interscholastic Federation Division II championship. Carpenter was named the "Los Angeles Daily News" Offensive Player of the Year. He was also given a pre and postseason All-America selection by "Prepstar Magazine". Carpenter was listed as the No. 67 player in California by "SuperPrep Magazine" and listed as the No. 36 player in California and a preseason All-American by "SuperPrep Magazine". He was rated as the No. 20 quarterback in the nation by Rivals.com. He played in the Cali-Florida High School All-Star game. His statistics as a senior included 2,705 passing yards (163 completions on 262 attempts) and 36 touchdowns and only six interceptions, and he also rushed for 626 yards and seven scores and led Westlake to a Division IV Championship and a 14-0 season.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2005.

paragraph: Carpenter started the final five games of his freshman season. During that time he was the most efficient quarterback in the country and led the Sun Devils to a victory over Rutgers in the Insight Bowl. The following fall, Sam Keller, whose injury allowed Carpenter to become the starter in 2005, was named the starting quarterback by then-ASU coach Dirk Koetter. But two days later, Koetter reversed his decision and Carpenter was given the starting job. Keller subsequently transferred to Nebraska and Carpenter went on to have a less than desired season. In 2005, Carpenter earned second-team Freshman All-America honors by Scout.com and was named an honorable mention Freshman All-American by "Sporting News".

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2006.

paragraph: Carpenter earned honorable mention All-Pac-10 honors in his first full season as the Sun Devils starting quarterback. Carpenter completed 184-of-332 passes for 2,523 yards and 23 touchdowns and finished third in the Pac-10 Conference in touchdown passes as well as grossing 296 rushing yards (69 net yards). Carpenter completed 17-of-24 passes for 261 yards and two touchdowns against Northern Arizona and threw a career-high five touchdowns against Nevada to go along with 333 yards on 17-of-26 passing. He totaled 248 passing yards and a pair of touchdowns on 21-of-37 passes at Colorado and threw for 177 yards and two scores at California. Carpenter attempted 75 passes over the course of five midseason games without an interception. He ended the season tallying 183 yards of total offense at USC, including a career-high 49 net rushing yards, one of which was a game-high sprint of 38 yards. Carpenter completed 14-of-15 passes against Stanford (93.3 pct.).

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2007.

paragraph: In 2007, Carpenter lead the Sun Devils in the passer completion rating, compiling a 68.4% completion average. Carpenter started in all 13 games, and made a bowl appearance in the 2007 Holiday Bowl against Texas.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2008.

paragraph: Carpenter entered the season with 31 consecutive starts, the most out of any ASU Quarterback since Jake Plummer. Against the California Golden Bears on October 4, Carpenter finished with 165 yards passing, including one touchdown pass and two interceptions. He injured his ankle in the final minutes and had to leave the game on crutches. The loss marked the Sun Devils' first three-game losing streak since Dennis Erickson's tenure as head coach. ASU lost their final game to Arizona in the Territorial Cup rivalry, giving Carpenter a loss in his final game and ending a three-year streak of Territorial Cup victories by ASU.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: Carpenter was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys a day after the 2009 NFL Draft. He was waived on September 5, 2009 and subsequently re-signed to the practice squad the following day.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

paragraph: Carpenter was signed off the Cowboys practice squad by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on November 23, 2009. In November 2010, Carpenter was moved to the active roster of Tampa Bay as the third-string quarterback. Following the completion of the 2010 season, he became an exclusive rights free agent. Carpenter re-signed with the Buccaneers on July 29. He was waived during final cuts on September 3, 2011, and re-signed to the Buccaneers' practice squad two days later. With an injury to Bucs starter Josh Freeman, Carpenter was placed on the active roster for the December 4 game against the Carolina Panthers. He made his first NFL game appearance in the game for one snap after Freeman's replacement Josh Johnson was shaken up on a play.

paragraph: Carpenter was claimed off of waivers by the Dallas Cowboys April 5, 2012.

paragraph: On August 20, 2012, Carpenter tweeted via his Twitter account @rudygcarp12: "Thankful for the opportunity Dallas its been great!," signifying he was being cut again.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: Carpenter was reported as flying to Kansas City to work out with the Kansas City Chiefs January 20, 2013.

paragraph: Carpenter tweeted: "Flying to Kansas City on Thursday for a workout! Just happy and thankful to maybe gettin back in!"

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:BC Lions.

paragraph: Carpenter signed with the BC Lions of the CFL on April 9, 2013. He will be competing for the backup role in the organization with two-year starter Travis Lulay having a solid hold as the starting quarterback. However, he was later released on April 30, 2013 following the club's signing of Chris Hart.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of NCAA Division I FBS quarterbacks with at least 10,000 career passing yards

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of NCAA Division I FBS quarterbacks with at least 80 career passing touchdowns

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of NCAA major college football yearly passing leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arizona State Sun Devils bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Rudy Carpenter

wikipedia_title: Rudy Carpenter


text: Nagoya

categories: Karō,People from Okazaki, Aichi,Samurai,1542 births,1620 deaths

paragraph:
Watanabe Moritsuna
He died in Nagoya.

description: samurai

wikidata_label: Watanabe Moritsuna

wikipedia_title: Watanabe Moritsuna


text:
Mizuno Tadashige
Sassa Narimasa
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Kyūshū Campaign
Siege of Osaka
Kariya Domain
Mikawa Province
Kōriyama Domain
Yamato Province
koku
Fukuyama Domain
Bingo Province
Shimabara Rebellion
Fukuyama Castle

categories: Daimyo,Samurai,1564 births,Mizuno clan,1651 deaths

paragraph: Mizuno Katsushige

paragraph: Section::::"Daimyō".

paragraph: The son of Mizuno Tadashige, he served Sassa Narimasa in his younger years. He fought for Narimasa in Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Kyūshū Campaign in 1587.

paragraph: He was a leader fighting with the Tokugawa forces (the eastern army) at the Siege of Osaka. In 1615, the shogunate moved his fief from Kariya Domain in Mikawa Province to Kōriyama Domain in Yamato Province (60,000 "koku"); then in 1619, his fief was transferred to Fukuyama Domain in Bingo Province (100,000 "koku"). In 1638, he led forces in the shogunate army which put down the Shimabara Rebellion in Kyushu.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In 1651, he died at Fukuyama Castle at the age of 88. His remains were interred at Kenchu-ji, the Mizuno family temple near Fukuyama Castle.

paragraph: The line of his direct descendants ended in 1698. In 1919, Katsushige was posthumously elevated to the lower third rank of the Imperial Court.

description: daimyo

wikidata_label: Mizuno Katsushige

wikipedia_title: Mizuno Katsushige


text: anarchist

text: Limerick

text: Royal College of Surgeons

text: Mitchelstown

text: County Cork

text: Argentina

text: Buenos Aires

text: anarchist

text: Sheffield

text: England

text: Socialist League

text: Marxist

text: William Morris

text: May Day

text: Walsall Anarchists

text: La Protesta

text: Argentine Regional Workers' Federation

text: Ferrer free school

text: Francisco Ferrer

text: Los Angeles

text: La Regeneración

text: Ricardo Flores Magón

text: Magonista rebellion of 1911

text: Baja California

text: Mexican Revolution

text: anarchist movement

text: Washington, DC

categories: 1920 deaths,Socialist League (UK, 1885) members,Irish anarchists,Magonists,1841 births,Politics of Sheffield

paragraph: John Creaghe

paragraph: Dr. John O’Dwyer Creaghe (1841 – February 19, 1920), also known as Juan Creaghe, was an Irish-born anarchist revolutionary.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Creaghe was born in Limerick, Ireland in 1841, and in 1865 he graduated from the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, becoming a doctor. He opened up a practice in Mitchelstown in County Cork. In 1874, he emigrated to the capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires. It is not known how Creaghe came in contact with anarchist ideas, since the country's anarchist movement was small at the time, but he quickly became a follower of this idea. In 1890, he moved to Sheffield, England, working in a poor working class district with many Irish immigrants. He became involved in the Socialist League, a Marxist group led by William Morris, but he soon broke away to form an anarchist group in Sheffield. On the group's first public appearance, it sported a banner reading "No God, No Master" at the May Day demonstration. The group soon also founded a club and a newspaper, the "Sheffield Anarchist", which did not survive for long as it became caught up in the Walsall Anarchists' trial. In 1892, he left Sheffield to go back to Argentina via Liverpool, London, and Spain. There he founded the newspaper "El Oprimido", forerunner of "La Protesta", which exists to this day. He was involved in the founding of the Argentine Regional Workers' Federation, an anarchist trade union. He also contributed to the Ferrer free school movement inspired by the ideas of the Spanish anarchist pedagogue Francisco Ferrer. In 1911, Creaghe left Argentina once again, eventually arriving in Los Angeles, where he collaborated with Mexican anarchists. He founded another newspaper, "La Regeneración", and was friends with Ricardo Flores Magón. Both were involved in the Magonista rebellion of 1911 in Baja California; after the start of the Mexican Revolution, they supported the country's anarchist movement. Creaghe died on February 19, 1920 in a prison in Washington, DC.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catháin, Máirtín Ó: Dr. John O’Dwyer Creaghe (1841-1920) Irish-Argentine Anarchist. Society for Irish Latin American Studies. Accessed January 6, 2008.

description: Irish revolutionary

wikidata_label: John Creaghe

wikipedia_title: John Creaghe


text: soldier

text: United States Army

text: Korean War

text: posthumously

text: Medal of Honor

text: breakout from the Pusan Perimeter

text: 27th Infantry Regiment

text: 25th Infantry Division

text: List of Medal of Honor recipients

categories: Korean War recipients of the Medal of Honor,1929 births,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,1950 deaths,American military personnel killed in the Korean War

paragraph: John W. Collier

paragraph: John Walton Collier (April 3, 1929 – September 19, 1950) was a soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War. On June 24, 1951 he posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the breakout from the Pusan Perimeter.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Rank and organization: Corporal, U.S. Army, Company C, 27th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division

paragraph: Place and date: Near Chindong-ni, Korea, September 19, 1950

paragraph: Entered service at: Worthington, Ky. Born: April 3, 1929, Worthington, Ky

paragraph: G.O. No.: 86, August 2, 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citation

paragraph: Cpl. Collier, Company C, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action. While engaged in an assault on a strategic ridge strongly defended by a fanatical enemy, the leading elements of his company encountered intense automatic weapons and grenade fire. Cpl. Collier and 3 comrades volunteered and moved forward to neutralize an enemy machine gun position which was hampering the company's advance, but they were twice repulsed. On the third attempt, Cpl. Collier, despite heavy enemy fire and grenade barrages, moved to an exposed position ahead of his comrades, assaulted and destroyed the machine gun nest, killing at least 4 enemy soldiers. As he returned down the rocky, fire-swept hill and joined his squad, an enemy grenade landed in their midst. Shouting a warning to his comrades, he, selflessly and unhesitatingly, threw himself upon the grenade and smothered its explosion with his body. This intrepid action saved his comrades from death or injury. Cpl. Collier's supreme, personal bravery, consummate gallantry, and noble self-sacrifice reflect untold glory upon himself and uphold the honored traditions of the military service.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients

wikidata_label: John W. Collier

wikipedia_title: John W. Collier


text:
Soga no Iruka
Sarumaru no Taifu

categories: People of Asuka-period Japan,Japanese princes,643 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Prince Yamashiro

paragraph: He and his family committed suicide when their home was attacked by Emishi's son, Soga no Iruka, in 643. Some scholars believe Yamashiro to have been the poet-scholar Sarumaru no Taifu, about whom nearly nothing is known.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

description: Japanese prince

wikidata_label: Prince Yamashiro

wikipedia_title: Prince Yamashiro


text:
Thousand and One Nights
Arabic
French
Edward Powys Mathers
Le livre des mille nuits et une nuit
Marcel Proust's
Remembrance of Things Past
Lebanon
Morocco
François-Louis Schmied
Lucie Delarue-Mardrus
Sorbonne
Charles Edward Mallows
Louis Aragon
François-Louis Schmied
François-Louis Schmied

categories: Translators from Arabic,French physicians,1949 deaths,Arabic–French translators,1868 births

paragraph: J. C. Mardrus

paragraph: Joseph Charles Mardrus, otherwise known as "Jean-Charles Mardrus" (1868–1949), was a French physician and a noted translator. Today he is best known for his translation of the "Thousand and One Nights" from Arabic into French, which was published from 1898 to 1904, and was in turn rendered into English by Edward Powys Mathers. A newer edition, "Le livre des mille nuits et une nuit", was published in 1926–1932.

paragraph: Mardrus's version of the "Arabian Nights" is mentioned explicitly in the pages of Marcel Proust's "Remembrance of Things Past". Mardrus inserted a lot of material of his own, and his translation is therefore not wholly authentic. Much of the homosexual material for example, is an absolute invention of Mardrus himself, and so confuses the issue of actual homosexuality in the "Nights", of which there is a substantial amount. Mardrus claimed that his translation was based on a previously unknown "Tunisian text", but this fictional manuscript was never seen by anyone else.

paragraph: Mardrus was born in Cairo, and studied in Lebanon before settling in Paris. As a doctor for the French government, he worked throughout Morocco and the Far East. He produced other translations, some illustrated by the Swiss engraver François-Louis Schmied (1873–1941). He married the novelist and poet Lucie Delarue-Mardrus on 5 June 1900. In 1914 he met Gabrielle Bralant ("Cobrette"), whom he would later marry, and he and Lucie separated in the following year; Lucie in any case had lesbian inclinations.

paragraph: Elvira Buder (born 1918) claimed to have travelled from Egypt via Greece with Mardrus in the 1930s with the intention of attending the Sorbonne. Soon after arriving in Paris war broke out and she found herself pregnant and in France on an Italian passport. Buder left France for Italy when the Germans occupied Paris, although she claimed that Mardrus was not the father of her child. Much later they met for the last time when Buder had just married E.W.N. Mallows, son of C.E. Mallows Charles Edward Mallows. Mardrus was a friend of Louis Aragon and introduced Buder to him.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Mille et Une Nuits" ("The 1001 Nights", edited by Robert Laffont; in the Bouquins collection)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L’Apocalypse qui est la révélation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Livre des Morts de l’Ancienne Égypte"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Cantique des Cantiques"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Livre des Rois"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sucre d’amour" (1926), illustrated by François-Louis Schmied

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Reine de Saba" (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Reine de Saba et divers autres contes" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Koran", commissioned by the French government in 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Paradis musulman" (1930), illustrated by François-Louis Schmied

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toute-Puissance de l'Adepte" (Le Livre de la Vérité de Parole) 1932

alias:
Joseph Charles Mardrus
Jean Charles Mardrus
JC Mardrus

description: French physician, poet and translator

wikidata_label: J. C. Mardrus

wikipedia_title: J. C. Mardrus


text: Irish language

text: Irish literature

text: Clondagad

text: Ennistymon, County Clare

text: Feakle

text: hedge school

text: Royal Dublin Society

text: County Limerick

text: Aisling

text: Aoibheal

text: monastery

text: Moinmoy

text: Anglo-Irish

text: English Law

text: Brehon law

text: Aoibheal

text: hurling

text: wake

text: pattern days

text: promiscuity

text: Tinker

text: infidelity

text: illegitimate child

text: free love

text: priestly celibacy

text: corporal punishment

text: bachelor

text: Munster Irish

text: battle of the sexes

text: social commentary

text: Irish poetry

text: John O'Daly

text: Arland Ussher

text: Frank O'Connor

text: Edward Pakenham, 6th Earl of Longford

text: David Marcus

text: Ciarán Carson

text: Thomas Kinsella

text: Seamus Heaney

text: Brendan Behan

text: Censorship Board

text: Ana Sokolović

text: Merriman Summer School

text: County Clare

text: Clare County Library

text: seanchaí

text: Seamus Heaney

text: Lough Graney

text: hedge school

text: Druid Theatre Company

text: Orpheus

text: Irish poetry

text: List of Irish poets

text: Cumann Merriman

text: Ricorso

categories: People from County Clare,Oral epic poets,Irish-language writers,Irish Gaelic poets,1805 deaths,1740s births,People from County Limerick,Irish schoolteachers

paragraph: Brian Merriman

paragraph: Brian Merriman or in Irish Brian Mac Giolla Meidhre (c. 1747 – 27 July 1805) was an Irish language poet and teacher. His single surviving work of substance, the 1000-line long (The Midnight Court) is widely regarded as the greatest comic poem in the history of Irish literature.

paragraph: Section::::Merriman's life.

paragraph: Merriman in an oral account collected after his death was said to have been born illegitimately in Clondagad or Ennistymon, County Clare. His mother was surnamed Quilkeen and his father's identity remains unknown.

paragraph: Shortly after his birth, his mother married a stonemason who was working on the walls of the Deerpark estate in Ennistymon. The family moved to Feakle and some years later Merriman is known to have owned a 20-acre (81,000 m²) farm near Loch Gréine. He was a teacher of mathematics and is known to have taught the hedge school nearby in the townland of Kilclaren. He married around 1787 and had two daughters. In 1797, the Royal Dublin Society awarded him two prizes for his flax crop. Around 1800 he moved to County Limerick, where he ran a school until his death. He is buried in Fiacla graveyard.

paragraph: Section::::"Cúirt An Mheán Oíche".

paragraph: The poem begins by using the conventions of the Aisling, or vision poem, in which the poet is out walking when he has a vision of a woman from the other world. Typically, this woman is Ireland and the poem will lament her lot and/or call on her 'sons' to rebel against foreign tyranny. In Merriman's hands, the convention is made to take a satirical and deeply ironic twist.

paragraph: In the opening section of the poem, a hideous female giant appears to the poet and drags him kicking and screaming to the court of Queen Aoibheal of the Fairies. On the way to the ruined monastery at Moinmoy, the messenger explains that the Queen, disgusted by the twin corruptions of Anglo-Irish landlords and English Law, has taken the dispensing of justice upon herself. There follows a traditional court case under the Brehon law form of a three-part debate.

paragraph: In the first part, a young woman calls on Aoibheal declares her case against the young men of Ireland for their refusal to marry. She complains that, despite increasingly desperate attempts to capture a husband via intensive flirtation at hurling matches, wakes, and pattern days, the young men insist on ignoring her in favour of late marriages to much older women. The young woman further bewails the contempt with which she is treated by the married women of the village.

paragraph: She is answered by an old man who first denounces the wanton promiscuity of young women in general, suggesting that the young woman who spoke before was conceived by a Tinker under a cart. He vividly describes the infidelity of his own young wife. He declares his humiliation at finding her already pregnant on their wedding night and the gossip which has surrounded the "premature" birth of "his" son ever since. He disgustedly attacks the dissolute lifestyles of young women in general. Then, however, he declares that there is nothing wrong with his illegitimate children and denounces marriage as "out of date." He demands that the Queen outlaw it altogether and replace it with a system of free love.

paragraph: The young woman, however, is infuriated by the old' man's words and is barely restrained from physically attacking him. She mocks his inability to fulfill his marital duties with his young wife, saying that she was a homeless beggar who married him to avoid starvation. She vividly argues that if his wife has taken a lover, she well deserves one. She then calls for the abolition of priestly celibacy, alleging that priests would otherwise make wonderful husbands and fathers. In the meantime, however, she will keep trying to attract an older man in hopes that her unmarried humiliation will finally end.

paragraph: Finally, in the judgement section Queen Aoibheal rules that all laymen must marry before the age of 21, on pain of corporal punishment at the hands of Ireland's women. She advises them to equally target the romantically indifferent, homosexuals, and unmarried skirt chasers who boast of the number of notches on their belts. Aoibheal tells them to be careful, however, not to leave any man unable to father children. She also states that abolishing priestly celibacy is beyond her mandate and counsels patience.

paragraph: To the poet's horror, the younger woman angrily points him out as a 30-year-old, bachelor and describes her many failed attempts to attract his interest in hopes of becoming his wife. She declares that he must be the first man to suffer the consequences of the new marriage law. As a crowd of infuriated women prepares to flog him into a quivering bowl of jelly, he awakens to find it was all a terrible nightmare.

paragraph: Section::::Influence and legacy.

paragraph: The language of the poem is essentially the everyday Munster Irish of the time, the vernacular of Clare. In its frank and satirical treatment of sexuality, ironic parody of the battle of the sexes, and its biting social commentary, "Cúirt An Mheán Óiche" is a unique document in the history of Irish poetry in either language.

paragraph: "Cúirt An Mheán Oíche" was never written down by its author and was preserved, like much Gaelic poetry, in an oral format. It was first published in 1850 in an edition by the Irish scholar John O'Daly. In the 20th century, a number of translations were produced, including notable English versions by Arland Ussher, Frank O'Connor, Edward Pakenham, 6th Earl of Longford, David Marcus, Ciarán Carson, Thomas Kinsella and a partial translation by Seamus Heaney. Brendan Behan is believed to have written an unpublished version, since lost. O'Connor's translation, which is perhaps the most popular, was banned in Ireland by the Censorship Board in 1946, because of the sexual frankness of the content.

paragraph: "Cúirt an Mheán Oíche" has been dramatised by Tom MacIntyre and Celia de Fréine and has been turned into a comic opera by composer Ana Sokolović with English libretto by Paul Bentley.

paragraph: "Cumann Merriman" was founded in 1967 to promote the poet's work. They run an annual Merriman Summer School in County Clare each August.

paragraph: In 2005, the Clare County Library released a CD recording of a local seanchaí reciting "Cúirt An Mheán Óiche" in the traditional oral manner. Although it has not been made available for purchase, "Cumann Merriman" has posted excerpts on their website. For added contrast, the same passages are also reproduced from a modern dramatic reading of the poem.

paragraph: In recent years, Merriman's poem and other Gaelic satires has been widely admired and translated by several modern Irish poets like Seamus Heaney and Thomas Kinsella.1

paragraph: In a 1993 lecture on Merriman's life and work, Seamus Heaney declared, "Perhaps I can convey the ongoing reality of the poem's life more simply by recollecting a Saturday evening last August when I had the privilege of unveiling a memorial to Brian Merriman on the shore of Lough Graney in Co. Clare, where the opening scene of 'The Midnight Court' is set. The memorial is a large stone quarried from a hill overlooking the lake, and the opening lines are carved on it in Irish. The people who attended the ceremony were almost all from the local district, and were eager to point out the exact corner of the nearby field where the poet had run his hedge school, and the spot on the lough shore where he had fallen asleep and had his vision. This was, and is, the first circle where Merriman's poem flourished and continues to flourish. Later that evening, for example, in a marquee a couple of miles down the road, we attended a performance by the Druid Theatre Company from Galway in which the poem was given a dramatic presentation with all the boost and blast-off that song and music and topical allusion could provide. Again, hundreds of local people were in the tent, shouting and taking sides like a football crowd, as the old man and the young woman battled it out and the president of the court gave her judgement. The psychosexual demons were no longer at bay but rampant and fully recognised, so that the audience, at the end of the performance, came away from the experience every bit as accused and absolved as the poet himself at the end of his poem. The 'profane perfection of mankind' was going ahead and civilisation was being kept on course; in a ceremony that was entirely convincing and contemporary, Orpheus has been remembered in Ireland."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irish poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Irish poets

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cuirt an Mheán Oíche": text and English translation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cumann Merriman (Bilingual)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ricorso

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ciaran Carson on Translating "The Midnight Court"

description: Irish poet

wikidata_label: Brian Merriman

wikipedia_title: Brian Merriman


text: Spencer family

text: Whig

text: Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland

text: Lady Anne Churchill

text: John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough

text: Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough

text: Charles

text: Duke of Marlborough

text: accessed 8 Sept 2007

paragraph: Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland

paragraph: Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland (24 October 1701 – 15 September 1729) was a British peer from the Spencer family, the son of the Whig politician, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland. His mother was Lady Anne Churchill, the daughter of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough. Known as Lord Spencer between 1702 and 1722, he succeeded to the Earldom after his father's death in 1722, but died in 1729 with no children. Therefore, his brother, Charles, became 5th Earl of Sunderland, and subsequently 3rd Duke of Marlborough after the death of his aunt, Henrietta Godolphin ("née" Churchill), 2nd Duchess of Marlborough.

paragraph: Section::::Styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 24 October 1701 – 28 September 1702: "The Honourable" Robert Spencer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 28 September 1702 – 19 April 1722: Lord Spencer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19 April 1722 – 15 September 1729: "The Right Honourable" The Earl of Sunderland

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry L. Snyder, ‘Spencer, Charles, third earl of Sunderland (1675–1722)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 8 Sept 2007

wikidata_label: Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland

wikipedia_title: Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland


text: Guadalajara

text: Jalisco

text: Mexico

text: Mexican

text: luchador

text: enmascarado

text: professional wrestler

text: professional wrestling promotion

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: tecnico

text: ring name

text: ring name

text: El Palacio Negro de Lecumberri

text: Pancho Villa

text: Guadalajara

text: Jalisco

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: Alfonso "Tank" Dantés

text: Infierno en el Ring

text: steel cage match

text: Lucha de Apuestas

text: Metal Blanco

text: Gran Cochisse

text: El Satánico

text: Ángel del Mal

text: Mexico City

text: Arena Mexico

text: Sagrado

text: Mexican National Trios Championship

text: Los Guerreros Tuareg

text: Arkangel de la Muerte

text: Loco Max

text: Skándalo

text: Los Cancerberos del Infierno

text: Euforia

text: Nosferatu

text: Pólvora

text: Ángel de Oro

text: Diamante

text: Rush

text: Averno

text: Gran Alternativa

text: Black Warrior

text: Negro Casas

text: Puma King

text: Máscara Dorada

text: Forjando un Ídolo

text: Rey Cometa

text: Rey Escorpión

text: Leyenda de Plata

text: Infierno en el Ring

text: Toscano

text: Guerrero Maya, Jr.

text: Ángel de Plata

text: Delta

text: Okumura

text: Leono

text: Yoshihashi

text: Pólvora

text: Shocker

text: Atlantis

text: Metro

text: Reyes del Aire

text: Torneo Sangre Nueva

text: Dragon Lee

text: El Terrible

text: En Busca de un Ídolo

text: CMLL World Middleweight Championship

text: Dragón Rojo, Jr.

text: July 21 Super Viernes Show

text: Pólvora

text: 2013 "Fantastica Mania"

text: New Japan Pro Wrestling

text: Tama Tonga

text: Jushin Thunder Liger

text: Tiger Mask

text: Bushi

text: Ishii

text: herniated disc

text: Best of the Super Juniors tournament

text: La Máscara

text: Los Invasores

text: Kráneo

text: Mr. Águila

text: Psicosis

text: Fantastica Mania

text: La Peste Negra

text: El Felino

text: Mr. Niebla

text: Bárbaro Cavernario

text: Tokyo

text: Fantastica Mania 2016

text: 2016 Super J-Cup

text: Will Ospreay

text: Angel de Oro

text: 2016 Super Jr. Tag Tournament

text: Roppongi Vice

text: Ring of Honor

text: War of the Worlds UK

text: Fishman

text: Máscara Año 2000

text: Jack Victory

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: Mexican National Trios Championship

text: 1 time

text: La Máscara

text: Rush

text: 2 times

text: En Busca de un Ídolo

text: Reyes del Aire

text: Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increíbles

text: Bárbaro Cavernario

text: Torneo Tanque Dantes (2009)

categories: Mexican male professional wrestlers,Masked wrestlers,Professional wrestlers from Jalisco,1990 births,Living people

paragraph: Titán (wrestler)

paragraph: Titán (born September 15, 1990 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican "luchador enmascarado", or masked professional wrestler, who is working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) portraying a "tecnico" ("Good guy") wrestling character. Titan's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. He previously worked under the ring name Palacio Negro from 2008 to 2011.

paragraph: In "lucha libre" it is traditional to keep the true identify of a masked wrestler a secret, not revealing their real names and oftentimes not revealing what previous ring names they have competed under, at times the officially listed debut date indicates when a wrestler began wearing a specific mask and using a name, not the professional wrestling debut.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Palacio Negro (2008–2011).

paragraph: He made his professional wrestling debut under the name "Palacio Negro" ("The Dark Palace"), a name inspired by "El Palacio Negro de Lecumberri", an infamous prison in Mexico that once housed Pancho Villa. Initially he worked in Guadalajara, Jalisco, home of one of Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's main wrestling schools. In 2009 Palacio Negro teamed up with Guerrero Samurai to participate in a locally promoted "Torneo Tanque Dantes" ("The Tank Dantes Tournament") in honor of Alfonso "Tank" Dantés. The duo won four matches in total and lost only one, which was enough to win the tournament. CMLL indicated that they had plans for Palacio Negro and wanted to move him up the ranks of the promotion when he was booked to win an eight-man "Infierno en el Ring" steel cage match, earning the rings to remove Azrael's mask as per the "Lucha de Apuestas" ("Bet match") stipulation. The cage match also include a wrestler who would be his future tag team partner, Metal Blanco Palacio Negro remained in Guadalajara for most of 2009, gaining more in ring experience and continuing to train under Gran Cochisse and El Satánico Throughout mid-2009 Palacio Negro had an opportunity to challenge for the locally promoted Occidente Welterweight Championship, but was eliminated in the tournament to crown a new champion by eventual winner Ángel del Mal, he would later be unsuccessful in a title match against Ángel del Mal.

paragraph: By the end of 2010 Palacio Negro, along with Metal Blanco made their wrestling debut in Mexico City, appearing at CMLL's main arena Arena Mexico. The duo teamed up with Sagrado in a tournament to determine the number one contenders for the Mexican National Trios Championship. The team was successful, advancing to the finals by defeating "Los Guerreros Tuareg" (Arkangel de la Muerte, Loco Max and Skándalo) and "Los Cancerberos del Infierno" (Euforia, Nosferatu and Pólvora). In the finals the team lost to Ángel de Oro, Diamante and Rush, who would go on to win the championship. From this point forward Palacio Negro began making regular appearances in Arena Mexico. Palacio Negro was teamed up with the veteran Averno to participate in the 2011 "Gran Alternativa" tournament, where a rookie and a veteran teams up. The team defeated Black Warrior and Lestat in the first round and the team of Negro Casas and Puma King in the quarter finals. The team lost to Máscara Dorada and Metal Blanco in the semi final match. Following the "Gran Alternativa" tournament Palacio Negro was entered in CMLL's "Forjando un Ídolo" ("Forging an Idol") tournament along with a number of other young wrestlers, all trying to make a name for themselves. Palacio defeated Rey Cometa but lost to Ángel de Oro and Rey Escorpión, only earning three points in the tournament, not enough to advance out of the preliminary round. In late 2011 Palacio Negro entered CMLL's most prestigious annual tournament the "Leyenda de Plata" ("Silver Legend"), he was eliminated by his longtime tag team partner Metal Blanco early in the match. On September 30, 2011 Palacio Negro was one of 14 men putting their mask or hair on the line in an "Infierno en el Ring" steel cage match, the match (which also included Metal Blanco, Toscano, Guerrero Maya, Jr., Ángel de Plata, Delta, Okumura, Leono, Yoshihashi, Leo, Maléfico, Sagrado and Pólvora) ended when Palacio Negro pinned Loco Max, forcing Max to be shaved bald after the match.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Titán (2011–present).

paragraph: Palacio Negro and Metal Blanco stopped appearing in Mexico City in early November 2011 in preparation for being repackaged with new masks and ring names. The two were reintroduced as Titán (Palacio Negro) and Tritón (Metal Blanco), presented as new versions of characters used in the early 1990s in CMLL. The two were teamed up with Shocker, backing him up in a storyline feud against Atlantis, Guerrero Maya, Jr., and Delta, collectively known as "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" ("The Kings of the Atlantis"). Metro was originally announced as part of the group, but did not appear with the team outside of a press conference. The storyline with "Los Reyes" was dropped only a few weeks later when Shocker was taken off the shows for personal reasons. Titán took part in the 2012 "Reyes del Aire" tournament, but was eliminated as the fourth out of 18 wrestlers.

paragraph: CMLL held a "Torneo Sangre Nueva" ("New Blood Tournament"), similar in concept of the "Forjando un Ídolo" tournament, and Titán was the last man eliminated by eventual tournament winner Dragon Lee. He teamed with Máscara Dorada but lost in the first round to eventual tournament winners El Terrible and Euforia. After being unsuccessful in both the "Forjando un Ídolo" and the "Sangre Nueva" tournaments Titán entered CMLL's "En Busca de un Ídolo" ("In search of an Idol"). The tournament used a point system that allowed fans to vote online, allowing Titán to advance to the second round despite only winning one of his four first round matches. The fan support propelled Titán to the final, where he defeated Euforia to claim his first major victory. As part of his reward for winning the tournament he was given a title match for the CMLL World Middleweight Championship against Dragón Rojo, Jr. on the July 21 Super Viernes Show, but was unsuccessful in the match. Titán would later defeat "En Busca de un Ídolo" rival Pólvora to win the Mexican National Welterweight Championship Another prize that Titán earned by winning the "En Busca de un Ídolo" tournament was to wrestle on all three 2013 "Fantastica Mania" shows, an annual series of shows held in Japan and co-promoted with New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW). During the show series Titán worked with and against NJPW wrestlers such as Tama Tonga, Jushin Thunder Liger, Tiger Mask, Bushi, and Ishii. In early 2013 Titán suffered a herniated disc during a match, an injury that forced CMLL to vacate the Welterweight Championship on March 20, 2013.

paragraph: Titán made his in-ring return in April and was soon after announced as being the sole Mexican participant in NJPW's 2013 Best of the Super Juniors tournament (BOSJ) based on his performance during the "Fantastica Mania" series of shows in January 2013. Titán ended up winning three of his eight matches in the tournament, finishing second to last in his block. Back in CMLL on June 30, Titán, La Máscara, and Rush defeated "Los Invasores" (Kráneo, Mr. Águila and Psicosis) to win the Mexican National Trios Championship. On December 1, Titán regained the Mexican National Welterweight Championship from Averno. From January 14 to 19, 2014, Titán took part in his second "Fantastica Mania" tour with New Japan Pro Wrestling, working mostly undercard matches. On February 18, Titán, La Máscara and Rush lost the Mexican National Trios Championship to "La Peste Negra" (El Felino, Mr. Niebla and Negro Casas). On May 3, 2015, Titán lost the Mexican National Welterweight Championship to Bárbaro Cavernario. He unsuccessfully challenged Cavernario for the title in Tokyo on January 22, 2016, during the "Fantastica Mania 2016" tour. Titán returned to NJPW on July 20 to take part in the 2016 Super J-Cup, losing to Will Ospreay in his first round match. Titan, along with Angel de Oro, returned to New Japan Pro Wrestling on October 21 at "Road to Power Struggle" event where they took part in 2016 Super Jr. Tag Tournament. However they were eliminated in the first round by Roppongi Vice.

paragraph: Titán was announced as the replacement for the injured Atlantis at Ring of Honor's War of the Worlds UK show, in what would be his first appearance in the UK.

paragraph: Section::::The name Titan in lucha libre.

paragraph: Several luchadors have used the name Titán in lucha libre in addition to the current CMLL wrestler.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fishman – used the ring name in 1970 and 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- Máscara Año 2000 – used the name in 1977 before adopting his more well known moniker.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jack Victory – the first man to work as Titán in CMLL.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comando Ruso – took over the name and mask in CMLL, 1992 to 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titán, Jr. – character based on the Comando Ruso version of Titan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Titan del Espacio" ("Titan of Space") – unrelated to any other Titán character.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Trios Championship (1 time) – La Máscara and Rush

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Welterweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Occidente Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- En Busca de un Ídolo (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reyes del Aire (2019)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increíbles (2019) – with Bárbaro Cavernario

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torneo Tanque Dantes (2009) – with Guerrero Samurai II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Desastre Total Ultraviolento

paragraph: BULLET::::- DTU Nexo Championship (1 time) - with Tritón

description: Mexican professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Titán

wikipedia_title: Titán (wrestler)


text:
Brabrand
Denmark
transatlantic flight
agriculture
Long Island
barnstorming
Air Services
Bellanca Airfield
Bellanca Company
All American Aviation
wing commander
Delaware Wing Civil Air Patrol
Delaware
typhoid
Otto Hillig
aerial photography
Atlantic
Denmark
Newfoundland
Bellanca Pacemaker
Liberty
gallons
miles
Copenhagen
Steinbrucken
Germany
England
English Channel
France
Spain
Krefeld
Germany
Bremen
Kastrup Airport
Liberty
Christian X of Denmark
Criticalpast.com
www.kb.dk

categories: 1901 births,1942 deaths,Aviation pioneers,Danish aviators

paragraph: Holger Hoiriis

paragraph: Holger Hoiriis or Højriis in Danish (1901–1942), was born in the Brabrand area, Denmark, but emigrated to the United States, where he became a recognized pilot in the 1930-40s. He was the first Dane who made a transatlantic flight, which made him famous in Denmark.

paragraph: Holger Hoiriis gave up his work in agriculture and went to the U.S. in 1924, at the age of 23. He took flying lessons on Long Island, then bought a plane. It didn't take long before he earned money by performing various acrobatic tricks or barnstorming. It gave him the nickname, "hold your horses Hoiriis". People could also get a trip in his plane for a fee. A trip cost $1.50, and after some time, he owned several planes. Some years later he worked as a flight instructor at the Air Services of Bellanca Airfield and by Bellanca Company as a test pilot. He was one of the pioneer pilots of All American Aviation mail pickup service, and in 1939 he demonstrated the world's first night pickup service at Bellanca Airfield. With the approach of World War II, Hoiriis became the first wing commander of the Delaware Wing Civil Air Patrol, whose core mission, was to patrol the east coast of the United States, trying to find German submarines. He did that very effectively and was the first to introduce defined search patterns, so that all of the Delaware coast was patrolled. This led to the ironic nickname "willy nilly." Holger Hoiriis married Miss Boynton; they had three daughters together. He died in 1942 of complications from typhoid.

paragraph: Section::::Transatlantic flight.

paragraph: Through this work with barnstorming, he met Otto Hillig, who was a noted photographer and pioneer of aerial photography. They got the idea to fly across the Atlantic from the U.S. to Denmark. The first transatlantic flight was made only 12 years earlier. Hillig financed the majority of the project. Hoiriis was the pilot on the entire trip because Hillig was not a very experienced pilot, but he could, however, replace Hoiriis for short periods. On 24 June 1931, the couple took off from Newfoundland in their red and silver / white Bellanca Pacemaker, with the name "Liberty" painted on the side of the plane. Liberty was the name of the small town in New York state where Hillig lived and had earned his money. They included 600 gallons of gasoline to the 3150 miles long trip. But the weather was not too good. They flew into the rain, fog, strong northerly winds, wind, and ice. The "Liberty"'s first destination was Copenhagen, and then Hilligs birthplace, Steinbrucken, Germany. The fog was so strong that they could not see the Atlantic Ocean for 17 hours. Early in the morning, Hoiriis dived the plane down through a hole in the clouds, and there was the eathr. It could only be England, on the road to Copenhagen. They expected to see the English Channel, every minute, but it did not happen. As far as the eye stretched, there was only land to see, and therefore they believed that it was France. Soon the realized it was Spain. The fog had got them off course, and Hoiriis then headed north.

paragraph: It was late in the afternoon when they spotted an airport. Hoiriis, who had flown for 32 hours, was exhausted and decided to land. The airport was in Krefeld, Germany, near the Dutch border. He tumbled out of the plane and dozed off under the aircraft's wing. Hillig found a phone and called Copenhagen. He found out that thousands of people were waiting to pay tribute to them. Hoiriis then pulled himself together and tried to fly the rest of the way, but he only managed to fly, to Bremen before he totally exhausted had to give up. Right after the landing Hoiriis fell asleep and had to be carried over to the hangar.

paragraph: Next day came their triumph. About 50,000 people were in Kastrup Airport, including Hoiriis's mother, and two of Hilligs friends from Liberty. There were parades; medals were handed over, as well as a large banquet at the City Hall. Christian X of Denmark gave Hoiriis a medal. When they returned to the U.S., they were also greeted by crowds of people.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Criticalpast.com See black/white movieclip of the plane.

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.kb.dk See picture of Holger Hoiriis, Otto Hillig and the plane on The Danish royal library homepage.

description: Danish aviator

wikidata_label: Holger Hoiriis

wikipedia_title: Holger Hoiriis