text:
Byzantine Emperor
Sasanian Empire
war with Sasanian Persia
victorious conclusion
South Caucasus
campaigned extensively
Balkans
Avars
Danube
exarchate
Exarchate of Italy
Lombards
Exarchate of Africa
Mediterranean
Phocas
twenty-six year war
Muslim conquests
late antiquity
Theophylact Simocatta
Strategikon
manual of war
Arabissus
Cappadocia
Paul
Peter
Philippicus
Anastasius I Dicorus
Cappadocian Greek
Constantinople
notarius
comes excubitorum
Excubitors
Tiberius II
Caesar
magister militum
Orientem
Justinian
ongoing war
Sassanid Persia
patrikios
Singara
Hormizd IV
Khosrow II
al-Mundhir III
Ctesiphon
Euphrates
Beth Aramaye
Mesopotamia
Adarmahan
Mesopotamia
Osrhoene
Edessa
Callinicum
Callinicum
Irfan Shahîd
barbarian
Constantina
Tamkhosrau
Constantina
Germanus
Justinian
John of Nikiû
quaestor sacri palatii
John Mystacon
Kardarigan
Avars
gold solidi
Slavs
Battle of Solachon
Dara
Priscus
major victory
Martyropolis
Maruzas
Parthia
Vistahm
Vinduyih
Hormizd IV
Khosrau II
Bahram Chobin
who had rebelled against Hormizd IV
John Mystacon
Narses
Ganzak
Battle of Blarathon
Armenia
Van
Sevan
Martyropolis
Tigranokert
Manzikert
Ani
Yerevan
Avars
Carpathian Basin
Sirmium
Danube
Kotrigur Huns
Dalmatia
another siege of Sirmium
Thessalonica
Peloponnese
Balkans
Singidunum
Priscus
Gepids
Wallachia
Dalmatia
Bayan I
Wallachia
Italy
Exarchate of Italy
praetorian prefect
magister militum
Exarchate of Africa
Theodosius
Constantinople
Rome
Tetrarchy
Monophysitism
Council of Chalcedon
Pope Gregory I
Lombards
Emperor Phocas
Danube
Phocas
Germanus
Nicomedia
themes
Latin
Strategikon
combined arms
World War II
C. W. Previté-Orton
Justinian I
Arab-Muslim expansion
A.H.M. Jones
Classical Antiquity
Theodosius
Theodosius II
Tiberius
Miriam/Maria
Michael the Syrian
Khosrau II
Petrus
curopalates
Theophanes the Confessor
List of Byzantine emperors

categories: People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars,Roman military writers,Comites excubitorum,Magistri militum,7th-century Byzantine emperors,Executed Byzantine people,Flavii,Byzantine Cappadocians,539 births,Imperial Roman consuls,Patricii,Ancient Greek military writers,602 deaths,Justinian dynasty,6th-century Byzantine emperors,7th-century executions by the Byzantine Empire,People executed by decapitation

paragraph: Maurice (emperor)

paragraph: Maurice (; ; 539 – 27 November 602) was Byzantine Emperor from 582 to 602. A prominent general, Maurice fought with success against the Sasanian Empire. After he became Emperor, he brought the war with Sasanian Persia to a victorious conclusion. Under him the Empire's eastern border in the South Caucasus was vastly expanded and, for the first time in nearly two centuries, the Romans were no longer obliged to pay the Persians thousands of pounds of gold annually for peace.

paragraph: Maurice campaigned extensively in the Balkans against the Avarspushing them back across the Danube by 599. He also conducted campaigns across the Danube, the first Roman Emperor to do so in over two centuries. In the west, he established two large semi-autonomous provinces called exarchates, ruled by "exarchs", or viceroys of the emperor. In Italy Maurice established the Exarchate of Italy in 584, the first real effort by the Empire to halt the advance of the Lombards. With the creation of the Exarchate of Africa in 590 he further solidified the power of Constantinople in the western Mediterranean.

paragraph: His reign was troubled by financial difficulties and almost constant warfare. In 602 a dissatisfied general named Phocas usurped the throne, having Maurice and his six sons executed. This event would prove a disaster for the Empire, sparking a twenty-six year war with Sassanid Persia which would leave both empires devastated prior to the Muslim conquests. His reign is a relatively well documented era of late antiquity, in particular by the historian Theophylact Simocatta. The "Strategikon", a manual of war which influenced European and Middle Eastern military traditions for well over a millennium, is traditionally attributed to Maurice.

paragraph: Section::::Origins and early life.

paragraph: Maurice was born in Arabissus in Cappadocia in 539, the son of a certain Paul. He had one brother, Peter, and two sisters, Theoctista and Gordia, who was later the wife of the general Philippicus. He is recorded to have been a native Greek speaker, unlike the previous emperors since Anastasius I Dicorus. Sources conflict over his birthplace, with most calling him a native Cappadocian Greek and the first emperor "from the race of the Greeks", while historian Evagrius Scholasticus records a descent from old Rome.

paragraph: Maurice first came to Constantinople as a "notarius" to serve as a secretary to the "comes excubitorum" (commander of the Excubitors, the imperial bodyguard), Tiberius, the future Tiberius II (). When Tiberius was named "Caesar" in 574, Maurice was appointed to succeed him as "comes excubitorum".

paragraph: Section::::Persian War and accession to the throne.

paragraph: In late 577, despite a complete lack of military experience, Maurice was named as "magister militum per Orientem", effectively commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army in the east. He succeeded General Justinian in the ongoing war against Sassanid Persia. At about the same time he was raised to the rank of "patrikios", the Empire's senior honorific title, which was limited to a small number of holders. In 578, a truce in Mesopotamia came to an end and the main focus of the war shifted to that front. After Persian raids in Mesopotamia, the new "magister militum" of the east mounted attacks on both sides of the Tigris, captured the fortress of Aphumon and sacked Singara. Sassanid emperor Khosrow sought peace in 579, but died before an agreement could be reached and his successor Hormizd IV (r. 579–590) broke off the negotiations. In 580, Byzantium's Arab allies the Ghassanids scored a victory over the Lakhmids, Arab allies of the Sassanids, while Byzantine raids again penetrated east of the Tigris. Around this time the future Khosrow II was put in charge of the situation in Armenia, where he succeeded in convincing most of the rebel leaders to return to Sassanid allegiance, although Iberia remained loyal to the Byzantines.

paragraph: The following year an ambitious campaign by Maurice, supported by Ghassanid forces under al-Mundhir III, targeted Ctesiphon, the Sassanid capital. The combined force moved south along the river Euphrates accompanied by a fleet of ships. The army stormed the fortress of Anatha and moved on until it reached the region of Beth Aramaye in central Mesopotamia, near Ctesiphon. There they found the bridge over the Euphrates destroyed by the Persians. In response to Maurice's advance Sassanid general Adarmahan was ordered to operate in northern Mesopotamia, threatening the Roman army's supply line. Adarmahan pillaged Osrhoene, and was successful in capturing its capital, Edessa. He then marched his army toward Callinicum on the Euphrates. With the possibility of a march to Ctesiphon gone Maurice was forced to retreat. The retreat was arduous for the tired army, and Maurice and al-Mundhir exchanged recriminations for the expedition's failure. However, they cooperated in forcing Adarmahan to withdraw, and defeated him at Callinicum.

paragraph: The mutual recriminations were not laid to rest by this. Despite his successes, al-Mundhir was accused by Maurice of treason during the preceding campaign. Maurice claimed that al-Mundhir had revealed the Byzantine plan to the Persians, who then proceeded to destroy the bridge over the Euphrates. The chronicler John of Ephesus explicitly calls this assertion a lie, as the Byzantine intentions must have been plain to the Persian commanders. Both Maurice and al-Mundhir wrote letters to Emperor Tiberius, who tried to reconcile them. Maurice visited Constantinople himself, where he was able to persuade Tiberius of al-Mundhir's guilt. The charge of treason is almost universally dismissed by modern historians; Irfan Shahîd says that it probably had more to do with Maurice's dislike of the veteran and militarily successful Arab ruler. This was compounded by the Byzantines' habitual distrust of the "barbarian" and supposedly innately traitorous Arabs, as well as by al-Mundhir's staunchly Monophysite faith. Al-Mundhir was arrested the following year on suspicion of treachery, triggering war between Byzantines and Ghassanids and marking the beginning of the end of the Ghassanid kingdom.

paragraph: In June of 582 Maurice scored a decisive victory against Adarmahan near Constantina. Adarmahan barely escaped the field, while his co-commander Tamkhosrau was killed. In the same month Emperor Tiberius was struck down by an illness which shortly thereafter killed him. In this state Tiberius initially named two heirs, each of whom was to marry one of his daughters. Maurice was betrothed to Constantina, and Germanus, related through blood to the great emperor Justinian, was married to Charito. It appears that the plan was to divide the Empire in two, with Maurice receiving the eastern provinces and Germanus the western. According to John of Nikiû, Germanus was Tiberius' favored candidate for the throne but declined out of humility. On 13 August Tiberius was on his deathbed and civilian, military and ecclesiastical dignitaries awaited the appointment of his successor. Tiberius had reportedly prepared a speech on the matter but at this point was too weak to speak. The "quaestor sacri palatii" (the senior judicial official of the Empire) read it for him. The speech proclaimed Maurice an Augustus and sole successor to the throne. On 14 August 582 Tiberius died and his last words were spoken to his successor: "Let my sovereignty be delivered to thee with this girl. Be happy in the use of it, mindful always to love equity and justice." Maurice became sole emperor, marrying Constantina in the autumn.

paragraph: Shortly after his ascension the advantage he had gained at the Battle of Constantina was lost when his successor as "magister militum" of the east, John Mystacon, was defeated at the River Nymphios by Kardarigan. The situation was difficult: Maurice ruled a bankrupt Empire; it was at war with Persia; he was paying extremely high tribute to the Avars, 80,000 gold solidi a year; and the Balkan provinces were being thoroughly devastated by the Slavs.

paragraph: Maurice had to continue the war against the Persians. In 586 his troops defeated them at the Battle of Solachon south of Dara. In 588, a mutiny by unpaid Byzantine troops against their new commander, Priscus, seemed to offer the Sassanids a chance for a breakthrough, but the mutineers themselves repulsed the ensuing Persian offensive. Later in the year they secured a major victory before Martyropolis. The Sassanid commander, Maruzas, was killed, several of the Persian leaders were captured along with 3,000 other prisoners, and only a thousand men survived to reach refuge at Nisibis. The Byzantines secured much booty, including the Persian battle standards, and sent them, along with Maruzas' head, to Maurice in Constantinople. In 590 two Parthian brothers, Vistahm and Vinduyih, overthrew King Hormizd IV and made the latter's son, Prince Khosrau II, the new King. The former Persian commander-in-chief, Bahram Chobin, who had rebelled against Hormizd IV, claimed the throne for himself and defeated Khosrau. Khosrau and the two Parthians fled to the Byzantine court. Although the Senate unanimously advised against it, Maurice helped Khosrau regain his throne with an army of 35,000 men. In 591 the combined Byzantine-Persian army under generals John Mystacon and Narses defeated Bahram Chobin's forces near Ganzak at the Battle of Blarathon. The victory was decisive; Maurice finally brought the war to a successful conclusion with the re-accession of Khosrau.

paragraph: Subsequently, Khosrau was probably adopted by the Emperor. He rewarded Maurice by ceding to the Empire western Armenia up to the lakes Van and Sevan, including the large cities of Martyropolis, Tigranokert, Manzikert, Ani, and Yerevan. Maurice's treaty brought a new status-quo to the east territorially. Byzantium was enlarged to an extent never before achieved by the Empire. During the new "perpetual peace" millions of solidi were saved by the remission of tribute to the Persians.

paragraph: Section::::Balkan war.

paragraph: The Avars arrived in the Carpathian Basin in 568. Almost immediately they launched an attack on Sirmium, the keystone to the Byzantine defences on the Danube, but were repulsed. They then sent 10,000 Kotrigur Huns to invade the Byzantine province of Dalmatia. There followed a period of consolidation, during which the Byzantines paid them 80,000 gold solidi a year. In 579, his treasury empty, Tiberius II stopped the payments. The Avars retaliated with another siege of Sirmium. The city fell in . After the capture of Sirmium, the Avars demanded 100,000 solidi a year.

paragraph: Refused, they used the strategically important city as a base of operations against several poorly defended forts along the Danube and began pillaging the northern and eastern Balkans. The Slavs began settling the land from the 580s on. In 584 the Slavs threatened the capital and in 586 the Avars besieged Thessalonica, while the Slavs went as far as the Peloponnese.

paragraph: After his victory on the eastern frontier in 591, Maurice was free to focus on the Balkans. He launched several campaigns against the Slavs and Avars. In 592 his troops retook Singidunum (modern Belgrade) from the Avars. His commander-in-chief Priscus defeated the Slavs, Avars and Gepids south of the Danube in 593. The same year he crossed the Danube into modern-day Wallachia to continue his series of victories. In 594 Maurice replaced Priscus with his rather inexperienced brother Peter, who, despite initial failures, scored another victory in Wallachia. Priscus, now in command of another army further upstream, defeated the Avars again in 595. The latter now only dared to attack peripherally, in Dalmatia two years later. In the same year the Byzantines concluded a peace treaty with the Avar leader Bayan I, which allowed the Byzantines to send expeditions into Wallachia. In 598 Maurice broke the treaty to permit a retaliation campaign inside the Avar homeland. In 599 and 601 the Byzantine forces wreaked havoc amongst the Avars and Gepids. In 602 the Slavs suffered a crushing defeat in Wallachia. The Byzantine troops were now able to hold the Danube line again. Meanwhile, Maurice was making plans for repopulating devastated areas in the Balkans by using Armenian settlers. Maurice also planned to lead further campaigns against the Avar Khaganate, so as to either destroy them or force them into submission.

paragraph: Section::::Domestic policy.

paragraph: In the west Maurice organised the threatened Byzantine dominions in Italy into the Exarchate of Italy. The Late Roman administrative system provided for a clear distinction between civil and military offices, primarily to lessen the possibility of rebellion by over-powerful provincial governors. In 584 Maurice created the office of exarch, which combined the supreme civil authority of a "praetorian prefect" and the military authority of a "magister militum" and enjoyed considerable autonomy from Constantinople. The Exarchate was successful in slowing the Lombard advance in Italy. In 591 he created the Exarchate of Africa along similar lines.

paragraph: In 597 an ailing Maurice wrote his last will, in which he described his ideas of governing the Empire. His eldest son, Theodosius, would rule the east from Constantinople; his second son, Tiberius, would rule the West from Rome. Some historians believe he intended for his younger sons to rule from Alexandria, Carthage, and Antioch. His intent was to maintain the unity of the Empire; this idea bears a strong resemblance to the Tetrarchy of Diocletian. However, Maurice's violent death prevented these plans from coming to fruition.

paragraph: In religious matters, Maurice was tolerant towards Monophysitism, although he was a supporter of the Council of Chalcedon. He clashed with Pope Gregory I over the latter's defence of Rome against the Lombards.

paragraph: Maurice's efforts to consolidate the Empire slowly but steadily succeeded, especially after the peace with Persia. His initial popularity apparently declined during his reign, mostly because of his fiscal policies. In 588 he announced a cut in military wages by a quarter, leading to a serious mutiny by troops on the Persian front. He refused to pay a small ransom in 599 or 600 to free 12,000 Byzantine soldiers taken prisoner by the Avars. The prisoners were killed, and a protesting military delegation, headed by an officer named Phocas (subsequently Emperor Phocas), was humiliated and rejected in Constantinople.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In 602 Maurice, with the lack of money as always dictating policy, decreed that the army should stay for winter beyond the Danube. The exhausted troops mutinied against the Emperor. Probably misjudging the situation, Maurice repeatedly ordered his troops to start a new offensive rather than return to winter quarters. His troops gained the impression that Maurice no longer understood the military situation and proclaimed Phocas their leader. They demanded that Maurice abdicate and proclaim as successor either his son Theodosius or General Germanus. Both men were accused of treason, but riots broke out in Constantinople, and the Emperor left the city with his family for Nicomedia. Theodosius headed east to Persia, but historians are not sure whether he had been sent there by his father or if he fled there. Phocas entered Constantinople in November and was crowned emperor, while his troops captured Maurice and his family.

paragraph: Maurice was murdered on 27 November 602 (some sources say 23 November). The deposed emperor was forced to watch his six sons executed before he was beheaded himself. Empress Constantina and her three daughters were spared and sent to a monastery. The Persian King Khosrau II used this coup and the murder of his patron as an excuse for a renewed war against the Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Maurice is seen as an able emperor and commander-in-chief, though the description of him by Theophylact may exaggerate these traits. He possessed insight, public spirit, and courage. He proved his expertise on military and foreign affairs during his campaigns against the Persians, Avars and Slavs, and during peace negotiations with Khosrau II. His administrative reforms reveal him as a farsighted statesman, all the more since they outlasted his death by centuries and were the basis for the later introduction of themes as military districts.

paragraph: His court still used Latin, as did the army and administration, and he promoted science and the arts. Maurice is traditionally named as author of the military treatise "Strategikon", which is praised in military circles as the only sophisticated combined arms theory until World War II. Some historians now believe the "Strategikon" is the work of his brother or another general in his court, however.

paragraph: His greatest weakness was his inability to judge how unpopular his decisions were. The historian C. W. Previté-Orton, listed a number of character flaws in the Emperor's personality:

paragraph: It was this flaw that cost him throne and life, and thwarted most of his efforts to prevent the disintegration of the Empire of Justinian I. The death of Maurice was a turning point. The war against Persia which it caused weakened both empires, enabling the Slavs to permanently settle the Balkans and paving the way for the Arab-Muslim expansion. English historian A.H.M. Jones characterises the death of Maurice as the end of the era of Classical Antiquity, as the turmoil that shattered the Empire over the next four decades permanently and thoroughly changed society and politics.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Maurice's marriage produced nine known children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodosius (4 August 583/585 – after 27 November 602). According to John of Ephesus, he was the first heir born to a reigning emperor since the reign of Theodosius II (408–450). He was appointed Caesar in 587 and co-emperor on 26 March 590.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tiberius (died 27 November 602)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petrus (died 27 November 602)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paulus (died 27 November 602)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justin (died 27 November 602)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justinian (died 27 November 602)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anastasia (died c. 605)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theoctista (died c. 605)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleopatra (died c. 605)

paragraph: A daughter, Miriam/Maria, is recorded by the 12th-century chronicler Michael the Syrian and other eastern sources as married to Khosrau II but not in any Byzantine Greek ones; she is probably legendary.

paragraph: His brother Petrus (c. 550 – 602) became the "curopalates" and was killed at the same time as Maurice. Petrus married Anastasia Aerobinda (born c. 570), daughter of Areobindus (born c. 550), and had female issue.

paragraph: Section::::Legends.

paragraph: The first legendary accounts of Maurice's life are recorded in the ninth century, in the work of the Byzantine historian Theophanes the Confessor. According to his chronicle "Chronographia", the death of the imperial family is due to divine intervention: Christ asked the Emperor to choose between a long reign or death and acceptance in the kingdom of heaven. Maurice preferred the second choice.

paragraph: The same story has been recorded in a short Syriac hagiography on the life of the Emperor, which was sanctified later by the Eastern Orthodox Church. According to the Syriac authors, the emperor asked in prayer to receive a punishment in this world and a "perfect reward" in the kingdom of heaven. The choice was offered by an angel.

paragraph: According to another legend in the same text, Maurice prevented a nurse from substituting one of his sons so as to save at least one of the heirs of the Empire.

paragraph: In a Montenegrin epic the legendary Prince Nahod Momir (Momir the foundling) and his sister Grozdana are related to the Emperor and his sister Gordia. In the epic, the epithet "the foundling" reflects Maurice's adoption by the Emperor Tiberius, and by the imperial dynasty of Justin. In the Bosnian epic, the Emperor is called Mouio Tcarevitch (Mouio the son of the emperor).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Byzantine emperors

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walford, Edward, transl. (1846) "The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius: A History of the Church from AD 431 to AD 594", Reprinted 2008. Evolution Publishing, Merchantville, NJ .

description: Byzantine Emperor

wikidata_label: Maurice

wikipedia_title: Maurice (emperor)


text:
French
painter
cityscape
Montmartre
Paris
Suzanne Valadon
Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes
Renoir
trapeze
circus
acrobat
Berthe Morisot
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Edgar Degas
truancy
alcoholism
Légion d'honneur
Lapin Agile
Le Vesinet
Dax
Cimetière Saint-Vincent
Montmartre
apocrypha
anecdote
Diego Rivera
Oglethorpe University
Montmartre
Paris
Jean-Pierre Thiollet
Joseph Foret
Hecht Museum
site of Utrillo Estate
ArtCyclopedia - Maurice Utrillo

categories: Artists from Paris,1955 deaths,French male painters,Modern painters,People of Montmartre,20th-century French painters,1883 births,French people of Spanish descent

paragraph: Maurice Utrillo

paragraph: Maurice Utrillo (), born Maurice Valadon (26 December 1883 – 5 November 1955), was a French painter who specialized in cityscapes. Born in the Montmartre quarter of Paris, France, Utrillo is one of the few famous painters of Montmartre who were born there.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Utrillo was the son of the artist Suzanne Valadon (born Marie-Clémentine Valadon), who was then an eighteen-year-old artist's model. She never revealed who was the father of her child; speculation exists that he was the offspring from a liaison with an equally young amateur painter named Boissy, or with the well established painter, Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes, or even with Renoir. (see below under "Utrillo's Paternity"). In 1891 a Spanish artist, Miguel Utrillo y Molins, signed a legal document acknowledging paternity, although the question remains as to whether he was in fact the child's father.

paragraph: Valadon, who became a model after a fall from a trapeze ended her chosen career as a circus acrobat, found that posing for Berthe Morisot, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and others provided her with an opportunity to study their techniques; in some cases, she also became their mistress. She taught herself to paint, and when Toulouse-Lautrec introduced her to Edgar Degas, he became her mentor. Eventually she became a peer of the artists she had posed for.

paragraph: Meanwhile, her mother was left to raise the young Maurice, who soon showed a troubling inclination toward truancy and alcoholism. When a mental illness took hold of the 21-year-old Utrillo in 1904, his mother encouraged him to take up painting. He soon showed real artistic talent. With no training beyond what his mother taught him, he drew and painted what he saw in Montmartre. After 1910 his work attracted critical attention, and by 1920 he was internationally acclaimed. In 1928, the French government awarded him the Cross of the Légion d'honneur. Throughout his life, however, he was interned in mental asylums repeatedly.

paragraph: Today, tourists to the area will find many of his paintings on post cards, one of which is his very popular 1936 painting entitled "Montmartre Street Corner" or "Lapin Agile".

paragraph: In middle age Utrillo became fervently religious and in 1935, at the age of fifty-two, he married and moved to Le Vesinet, just outside Paris. By that time, he was too ill to work in the open air and painted landscapes viewed from windows, from post cards, and from memory.

paragraph: Although his life also was plagued by alcoholism, he lived into his seventies. Maurice Utrillo died on 5 November 1955 in Hotel Splendid in Dax of a lung disease, and was buried in the Cimetière Saint-Vincent in Montmartre.

paragraph: Section::::Paternity.

paragraph: An apocryphal anecdote told by Diego Rivera concerning Utrillo's paternity is related in the unpublished memoirs of one of his American collectors, Ruth Bakwin:

paragraph: "After Maurice was born to Suzanne Valadon, she went to Renoir, for whom she had modeled nine months previously. Renoir looked at the baby and said, 'He can't be mine, the color is terrible!' Next she went to Degas, for whom she had also modeled. He said, 'He can't be mine, the form is terrible!' At a cafe, Valadon saw an artist she knew named Miguel Utrillo, to whom she spilled her woes. The man told her to call the baby Utrillo: 'I would be glad to put my name to the work of either Renoir or Degas!'"

paragraph: Section::::2010 exhibitions and sale.

paragraph: In 2010, several retrospective exhibitions were staged, at Oglethorpe University Museum of Art and in Montmartre (Paris) that culminated in an auction of 30 of Utrillo's works on 30 November 2010 from the collection of , Utrillo's art dealer, whose also dealt with the likes of . This follows the exhibition of Suzanne Valadon and Maurice Utrillo's works held in Paris in 2009.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Fabris, Claude Wiart, Alain Buquet, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Jacques Birr, Catherine Banlin-Lacroix, Joseph Foret: "Utrillo, sa vie, son oeuvre" (Utrillo, his life, his works), Editions Frédéric Birr, Paris, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Longstreet, Stephen and Ethel (1958), "Man of Montmartre, A Novel based on the Life of Maurice Utrillo", New York, Funk & Wagnalls, 403 pages.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Warnod, Jeanine (1981). "Suzanne Valadon". New York: Crown.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hecht Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- site of Utrillo Estate

paragraph: BULLET::::- ArtCyclopedia - Maurice Utrillo

alias:
Maurice Utrillo- Valadon
Maurice Valadon
Maurice Utrillo-Valadon
Utrillo
m. utrillo
utrillo m.

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Maurice Utrillo

wikipedia_title: Maurice Utrillo


text:
Blessed
Spanish
Roman Catholic
professor
Opus Dei
personal prelature
Saint Josemaría Escrivá
Mexico
Pope Francis
heroic virtue
Venerable
cancer
Madrid
doctor
Servants of God
Tétouan
Morocco
Spain
Madrid
Lieutenant Colonel
Universidad Central de Madrid
chemical science
doctorate
Spanish Civil War
Valladolid
World War II
Mass
God
priest
Saint Josemaría Escrivá
spiritual retreat
Mexico
its capital
Montefalco School
Rome
rice husks
doctoral thesis
sudden failure in respiration
Javier Echevarría Rodríguez
Pamplona-Tudela diocese
Madrid archdiocese
Congregation for the Causes of Saints
nihil obstat
Antonio María Rouco Varela
Positio
Pope Francis
Venerable
heroic virtue
Lluís Martínez Sistach
Palacio Vistalegre
postulator
Hagiography Circle

categories: Spanish educators,Science teachers,20th-century Roman Catholics,20th-century Spanish people,Deaths from respiratory disease,Opus Dei members,1975 deaths,Complutense University of Madrid alumni,Spanish Roman Catholics,1916 births,20th-century venerated Christians,20th-century Spanish educators,Spanish women academics,Spanish beatified people,People from Madrid,Beatifications by Pope Francis,University and college women

paragraph: Blessed Guadalupe Ortiz de Landázuri Fernández de Heredia (12 December 1916 – 16 July 1975) was a Spanish Roman Catholic professor and a member of the Opus Dei personal prelature. She was one of the first women to join Opus Dei, after meeting the founder Saint Josemaría Escrivá in 1944. She helped start Opus Dei in Mexico and also collaborated directly with Escriva in Rome. A serious heart condition eventually claimed her life in 1975.

paragraph: After a number of requests from people who knew her during her life, her cause of canonization opened on 3 November 2001. In mid-2017, Pope Francis declared that she had lived a life of heroic virtue and named her Venerable. The same Pope confirmed a miracle attributed to her intercession (the healing of a cancer patient) in June 2018. Her beatification was celebrated on 18 May 2019 in Madrid.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Guadalupe Ortiz de Landázuri Fernández de Heredia was born in Madrid on 12 December 1916 as the fourth of four children (and the only daughter) to Manuel Ortiz de Landázuri, a military officer, and Eulogia Fernández-Heredia. Her three elder siblings were Manuel, Eduardo, and Francisco, who died in childhood. Her brother Eduardo (who became a doctor and college professor) and his wife (the two married in 1941) have both been named as Servants of God.

paragraph: Her father's career in the armed forces meant the Ortiz de Landázuris moved from place to place each time he was sent on a new assignment. The Ortiz de Landázuri's moved to Tétouan in Morocco in 1927 after her father was sent there for further work. In 1932, they returned to Spain and lived in Madrid where her father was named Lieutenant Colonel), and Guadalupe finished high school at the Instituto Miguel de Cervantes. In June 1933, she enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid in chemical science and was just one of five women in a class of 70 students. Ortiz de Landázuri eventually pursued a doctorate since she wanted to teach chemistry at the university level.

paragraph: Crisis struck the nation with the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in the mid-1930s. When her father was taken prisoner and condemned to execution, Ortiz de Landázuri accompanied her brother, Eduardo, and their mother to bid a final farewell, just hours before his death. It was after this, in 1937, that she relocated with Eduardo and their mother to Valladolid where her elder brother Manuel resided; she remained there until the civil war ended, just a few months before the outbreak of World War II.

paragraph: She returned to Madrid in 1939 where she began her career as a teacher. One day at Mass in 1944, she felt something that she interpreted as being a sign from God. Ortiz de Landázuri returned home to consult with a friend and expressed a desire to speak with a priest. That friend gave her the phone number of a well-known priest Saint Josemaría Escrivá and Ortiz de Landázuri met Escrivá for the first time on 25 January 1944. Shortly following this, Ortiz de Landázuri went on a spiritual retreat and on 19 March she sent a letter to Escrivá asking to be admitted to Opus Dei.

paragraph: On 5 March 1950 - at Escrivá's invitation - she moved to Mexico to spread the message of Opus Dei. While there, Ortiz de Landázuri enrolled in a doctoral program in chemical sciences so she could continue what she had already started in Spain. In its capital she set up a student residence for university women, creating an environment conducive to serious study, healthy diversion, and friendship. She also helped establish the Montefalco School and other social projects aimed at improving opportunities for the local people. For example, together with a doctor friend, she created a mobile medical clinic that allowed them to go from house to house in poorer neighborhoods, providing both free medicine and medical tests.

paragraph: Ortiz de Landázuri relocated to Rome in 1956 in order to work with Escrivá in the governance of Opus Dei. Not long after her arrival, she noted pain in her chest which turned out to be a serious heart condition, and she returned to Madrid for an operation. After partially recovering, she continued with her academic work, now in Spain. During this time, she began a research project on insulating refracting materials from rice husks; she won the prize Juan de la Cierva for this project and finally completed and defended her doctoral thesis on 8 July 1965. She also worked at the Ramiro de Maeztu Institute and then at the Women's School for Industrial Sciences where she took on a leadership position that she held for the next decade. From 1968, she also took part in the planning and establishment of the Center of Studies and Research of Domestic Sciences.

paragraph: In 1975, the doctors said it would be best for them to operate again, despite there being some risks. Ortiz de Landázuri left her Madrid home to check into the Clínica Universidad de Navarra where she was operated on 1 July. Though the surgery was successful, she developed a sudden failure in respiration which caused her death on 16 July at 6:30am; her mother died in the same clinic the next week on 23 July. Her remains were buried in Pamplona where she was born but were later transferred to Madrid on 5 October 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: In 2001 the Opus Dei prelate Javier Echevarría Rodríguez started the steps needed to launch the beatification process. The forum for the diocesan process for the cause was transferred on 30 March 2001 from the Pamplona-Tudela diocese to the Madrid archdiocese at which point the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 3 November issued the "nihil obstat" (no objections) edit to begin the cause and to title her as a Servant of God. Cardinal Antonio María Rouco Varela opened the diocesan process on 18 November and later closed it on 18 March 2005. From 2002 to 2003 there were 66 sessions held with 32 witnesses from Madrid being called to provide evidence and interrogatories while another week-long session in mid-2003 in Mexico saw 22 witnesses giving evidence in support of Ortiz de Landázuri's virtues in 37 sessions. The C.C.S. later received all the documents gathered during that process in 2005 (3008 pages in seven compiled volumes) and validated the process later on 17 February 2006. The postulation later compiled and submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2009 for evaluation.

paragraph: Theologians provided a positive vote to the cause on 7 June 2016 after having assessed the Positio's contents while the C.C.S. also provided their assent to the cause at their meeting held on 2 May 2017. Pope Francis titled Ortiz de Landázuri as Venerable on 4 May after determining that she had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue.

paragraph: Ortiz de Landázuri's beatification depended upon the confirmation of a singular miracle attributed to her intercession; it had to be a healing that science could not be able to explain. There was such a case that was reported in Barcelona and which a diocesan process that Cardinal Lluís Martínez Sistach presided over from 25 May 2007 until 16 January 2008 investigated. The C.C.S. validated this process on 24 October 2008 and a medical panel of experts later confirmed that the healing in question was indeed miraculous at their meeting held on 5 October 2017. The medical board also examined the diagnostic process of the ailment and the healing in just a few hours without treatment. The experts declared the occurrences not explicable from a scientific perspective. The postulation later drafted a Positio for the miracle which was submitted to the C.C.S. on 2 January 2018 before the theologians also issued their assent to the miracle on 1 March. The theologians determined the relationship between the healing and the invocation of Landázuri. The C.C.S. also confirmed the case on 5 June determining that it should be acknowledged as a miracle and passed to the pope for his approval. Pope Francis approved a decree recognizing this miracle on 8 June which allowed for Landázuri to be beatified. The beatification was held in Madrid at the Palacio Vistalegre on 18 May 2019.

paragraph: Landázuri was the first lay member and the first female member of Opus Dei to be beatified.

paragraph: The current postulator for this cause is Fr. Antonio Rodríguez de Rivera.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.:Beatification miracle.

paragraph: The miracle that led to Ortiz de Landázuri's beatification was the healing from basocellular carcinoma on the night of 28–29 November 2002 of Antonio Jesús Sedano Madrid from Barcelona.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hagiography Circle

wikidata_label: Guadalupe Ortiz de Landázuri


text:
Frederiknagor
Danish India
Copenhagen
Danish Asiatic Company
Christiansborg Palace
first Christiansborg Palace
Hanau
Copenhagen
Danish Asiatic Company
Hermann Abbestée
Amaliegade 13
Folehavegård
Hørsholm
Christiansborg Palace
Johan Leonhard Fix
Video

categories: 1735 births,German emigrants to Denmark,People from Hesse-Nassau,Danish merchants,18th-century Danish businesspeople,Danish expatriates in India

paragraph: Johan Leonhard Fix

paragraph: Johan Leonhard Fix (28 December 1735 - 2 February 1807) was a German-Danish merchant who served as governor of Frederiknagor in Danish India. He moved to Copenhagen in 1787 where he served as director of Danish Asiatic Company from 1791 to 1805. He was the third largest contributor to the rebuilding of Christiansborg Palace after the first Christiansborg Palace was destroyed in a fire in 1804.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Fix was born on 28 December 1735 in Hanau near Frankfurt. His father was a weaver. The family belonged to the Dutch Reformed church.

paragraph: Section::::Years in India.

paragraph: Fix travelled to Copenhagen on foot where he was employed as bookkeeper by the Danish Asiatic Company in 1867 and travelled to Trankebar and the Bengal on board the ship "CRON PRINCEN AF DANEMARK".

paragraph: Hermann Abbestée wrote an angry letter about the behaviour of Fix in 1770.

paragraph: In 1771 he married Anthonetta Maria Henckel in Frederiksnagore. She was the widow of Hermann Fredericks Henckel, a Danish Asiatic Company merchant and former Oberhoved of Frederiksnagore.

paragraph: In 1776, he was fired from Danish Asiatic Company. Then, in a partnership with John Fenwick, he ran a private trading house with a fleet of up to five ships. The partnership ended in court after disagreements. In 1783, he Partnered with Melchoir La Beaume, a Frenchman based in Tranquebar. The partnership ended in court after disagreements.

paragraph: Section::::Late life in Denmark.

paragraph: In 1787, Fix returned to Copenhagen. In 1789 he purchased the property at Amaliegade 13. He also owned Folehavegård at Hørsholm from 1789 to 1791.

paragraph: In 1791 he was elected Director of Danish Asiatic Company. He kept the post until 1805.

paragraph: In 1794, he made a 2000 Danish rigsdaler]] donation for the rebuilding of Christiansborg Palace.

paragraph: In 1798, he was involved in a court case with Duntzfelt about a disagreement about taxation due to origin of a set of nanquin textiles.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johan Leonhard Fix at geni.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video about Johan Leonhard Fix

wikidata_label: Johan Leonhard Fix

wikipedia_title: Johan Leonhard Fix


text:
Valery Bryusov
Nikolay Gumilev
Malaysian literature

categories: Soviet speculative fiction writers,Russian biographers,20th-century Russian poets,20th-century translators,Pseudonymous women writers,Russian speculative fiction writers,Russian translators,1900 births,1969 deaths,Translators from Azerbaijani,20th-century women writers,20th-century biographers,Women biographers,Pseudonymous writers

paragraph: Adelina Adalis

paragraph: Adelina Adalis (26 July 1900 – 13 August 1969) was a Soviet poet, prose writer and translator.

paragraph: Alongside Valery Bryusov (1873–1924) and Nikolay Gumilev (1986–1921), she influenced Malaysian literature in the 19th and 20th century.

description: Soviet poet (1900-1969)

wikidata_label: Adelina Adalis

wikipedia_title: Adelina Adalis


text:
Perth Prison
John Lavery
King George V
Royal Scottish Academy
Edinburgh
Edinburgh Sheriff Court
Royal Scottish Academy
Edinburgh
Mrs Pankhurst
Buckingham Palace
Emily Wilding Davison
Epsom Derby
Princess Alexandra
"Edinburgh Evening Dispatch".
Grace Cadell
Star Chamber
Arabella Scott
Calton Gaol
Cat and Mouse Act
Arabella Scott
Frances Gordon
Frances Parker
Hugh Ferguson-Watson
Ajay Close
Arabella Scott
Frances Gordon
Ethel Moorhead
The Cat and Mouse Act
Women's Social and Political Union
Suffragette
Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom

categories: Year of birth missing,British suffragists,People associated with Perth and Kinross,Scottish suffragists,British women's rights activists

paragraph: Maude Edwards

paragraph: Maude Edwards was a Scottish feminist and suffragette. She was imprisoned in Perth Prison in 1914 for slashing John Lavery’s portrait of King George V hanging in the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh. She was force-fed in prison despite having a heart condition.

paragraph: Section::::Campaigning for women's suffrage.

paragraph: Maude Edwards was tried before a jury in Edinburgh Sheriff Court charged with slashing a portrait by John Lavery on 23 May 1914. The picture, A "Portrait Study of the King for The Royal Family at Buckingham Palace, 1913," was one which the king himself had approved.

paragraph: The portrait had been hanging in "the Great Room" in the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh, mounted on a special screen surmounted with a gilt curtain and crown. Edwards, described as a "shabbily dressed woman" in a cloak had put watchers off due to the keen interest she took in the exhibits, peering through "her thick spectacles" at the pictures. She had taken a hatchet to the portrait in full view of everyone; striking it "in the left breast and immediately below where the medals and decorations worn by the king are placed." She had acted response to Mrs Pankhurst’s failed attempt to lead a deputation to the King at the gates of Buckingham Palace and Edwards stated that it had taken a "lot of nerve to do such work".

paragraph: Since early 1913 militant suffragettes had been trying to bring the suffrage question to the attention of King George V.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In June 1913, Emily Wilding Davison had died after being run down at the Epsom Derby as she tried to grasp the bridle of the King’s racehorse.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In October 1913, petitioners disrupted the royal wedding of Princess Alexandra.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In December 1913, a gala performance of "Jeanne d’Arc" was commandeered by protesters.

paragraph: Yet the King was not moved to hear the suffragettes' arguments. So by the time of the aborted Buckingham Palace deputation in May 1914, he'd become deeply unpopular.

paragraph: The assault by Maude Edwards on Lavery’s portrait of the king, therefore, remains "the most credible example of an attack undertaken to cause symbolic personal harm... the most vehement protests that she could have committed without overstepping the line into actual blood-letting. The fact that her hatchet-blow was aimed at the chest area of the image is perhaps indicative of her intentions."

paragraph: Section::::The trial of Maude Edwards.

paragraph: The indictment read:"MAUDE EDWARDS, 27 Frederick Street, Edinburgh, you are indicted at the instance of the Right Honourable Robert Munro, his Majesty's Advocate, and the charge against you is that on 23rd May 1914, in the Royal Scottish Academy Gallery, The Mound, Edinburgh, you did wilfully and maliciously strike and cut with a hatchet and damage a Portrait of His Majesty King George the Fifth, by John Lavery R S A." "By Authority of His Majesty's Advocate," "[signed] Henry H Brown" "Procurator Fiscal"

paragraph: A brief account of the trial was described in the "Edinburgh Evening Dispatch"."STORMY COURT SCENES EXTRAORDINARY PROCEEDINGS AT EDINBURGH TRIAL SUFFRAGETTE SENTENCED" "Extraordinary scenes were witnessed in Edinburgh Sheriff Court to-day...The accused immediately on being put into the dock commenced a running fire of commentary on the Court procedure, which she kept up during the course of the trial, which lasted for twenty minutes. Over a score of police were on duty in various parts of the Court, while a similar number of plain clothes constables were also prepared for eventualities. On entering the Court loud applause from a large number of suffragettes, who occupied the Court, greeted the accused, while cheers were raised on her name being called.""When asked to answer the indictment, which charged her with having, on 23rd May, in the Royal Scottish Academy, wilfully and maliciously struck and cut with a hatchet and damaged a portrait of his Majesty King George V, by John Lavery, RSA, the accused shouted to his Lordship, "I will not be tried. I am not going to listen to you or anyone whatever."""The Sheriff - I take this as a plea of not guilty. (Applause in Court.)" The courtroom was cleared and a number of Edwards supporters had to be forcibly ejected, raising a "rousing cheer" as they left. Grace Cadell, doctor and suffrage campaigner, attended the trial and when the Sheriff, Lord Maconachie, ordered the court to be cleared. She was reported by the press to have resisted so strongly that it had required the efforts of three police officers to remove her.

paragraph: Section::::The trial of Maude Edwards.:Maude Edwards on her own - "a sufficient witness in herself".

paragraph: When the court had finally cleared, the Sheriff then directed a question to the Clerk of the Court to which Edwards responded.

paragraph: The Sheriff replied "I am not talking to you."

paragraph: 'But I am speaking to you,' replied Miss Edwards, 'and that makes all the difference. One day we shall sit in judgment on you. This is nothing but a Star Chamber. What about Arabella Scott? Why is she being forcibly fed? I am going to talk all day, and it will do you good.'

paragraph: The first witness was called, but was all but inaudible owing to Miss Edward's protests. Subsequent witnesses had to give their evidence standing close beside the jury. When it came time for the case for the defence to be heard, Edwards was asked if she had any witness for her defence. She replied that she had none, and that she was sufficient witness in herself.

paragraph: The jury returned a verdict of guilty, and Sheriff-Principal Maconochie passed sentence of three month's imprisonment.

paragraph: Miss Edwards cried that neither three months nor fifty years' sentence would make any difference to her. She was taken to Calton Gaol, where pickets were already stationed. Within three hours, however, she was removed to Perth Prison.

paragraph: Section::::Perth Prison.

paragraph: Edwards was sent to Perth Prison on 3 July 1914 to serve her three month sentence.

paragraph: The next day, she was examined by the medical officer who recorded that she was in a ‘somewhat hysterical state’. He paid no heed to her medical certificate that stated she had a weak heart as it was written by a lady doctor who, in his opinion, could not judge the present situation. Edwards went on hunger strike fully expecting that her medical certificate would exempt her from force feeding.

paragraph: On 5 July, Edwards was force fed hot sweet milk and eggs by tube and her condition was monitored. No adverse effects were recorded so her feeding continued. Five days later, she had had enough and submitted a handwritten request to the Prison Commissioners to be liberated under licence according to the terms of the Cat and Mouse Act.

paragraph: The note read:"No. 76 HM Prison Perth""July 10th 1914""Prisoner's Name & Reg. No. Maude Edwards""I herewith beg to make an application to be liberated on licence on the understanding that I give an undertaking to refrain from militancy in the future. My special reason for making such an offer is the fact that the medical officer of the prison tells me that excitement is injurious to my health. Maude Edwards." She was released on 14 July 1914.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The story of four suffragette prisoners at Perth prison - Maude Edwards, Arabella Scott, Frances Gordon and Frances Parker and the doctor who force-fed them, Dr. Hugh Ferguson-Watson - was made into a play by Ajay Close. The play is called "Cat and Mouse".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arabella Scott

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frances Gordon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ethel Moorhead

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Cat and Mouse Act

paragraph: BULLET::::- Women's Social and Political Union.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suffragette

paragraph: BULLET::::- Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom

description: Scottish feminist and suffragette

wikidata_label: Maude Edwards

wikipedia_title: Maude Edwards


text: Toronto

text: Nadja

text: OM Festival

text: MUTEK

text: South by Southwest

text: Nadja

text: Caspar Brötzmann

text: James Plotkin

text: Kevin Shields

text: Justin Broadrick

text: Sonic Youth

text: Swans

text: Sunn O)))

text: Red House Painters

text: Godflesh

text: Codeine

text: PJ Harvey

text: Drone Records

text: Beta-lactam Ring Records

text: Zenapolae

text: Walnut + locust

text: Basses Frequences

text: Fargone Records

text: Beta Cloud

text: thisquietarmy

text: Datashock

text: Tim Hecker

text: Alien8 Recordings

text: Brandon Valdivia

text: thisquietarmy

text: Killer Pimp

text: Nadja

text: Rivulets

text: Denovali Records

text: Thor Harris

text: Z'EV

text: John Duncan

text: Fear Falls Burning

text: Noveller

text: Touched

text: Moss

text: Bliss Torn from Emptiness

text: Thaumogenesis

text: Radiance of Shadows

text: Crucial Blast Records

text: Die Stadt Musik

text: The Bungled & the Botched

text: Penumbra Press

text: -Any sound can be music- Interview with Aidan Baker

categories: Living people,Canadian experimental musicians

paragraph: Aidan Baker

paragraph: Aidan Baker (born 1974/75) is a musician from Toronto, Ontario, Canada who has released numerous records both as a solo artist and as part of various side projects, including Nadja, ARC, Caudal and Mnemosyne. He has also written several books of poetry.

paragraph: He has toured in both North America and Europe, and has made appearances at the OM Festival, MUTEK, South by Southwest, and the Distillery Jazz Festival. He is married to Nadja bandmate, Leah Buckareff.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Baker utilizes a very experimental style of playing guitar, influenced by artists such as Caspar Brötzmann, James Plotkin, Kevin Shields, and Justin Broadrick. Influences on his musical structures and sound include Sonic Youth, Swans, Sunn O))), Red House Painters, Godflesh, Codeine, and PJ Harvey.

paragraph: Most of his records consist of some lengthy songs and are usually improvised, as are his live shows.

paragraph: Section::::Discography (abridged).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Element" (CD-R, Arcolepsy Records, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Fall into You" (CD-R, Public Eyesore, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Re-released (CD, Basses Frequences, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Letters" (CD-R, Arcolepsy Records, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Re-released (LP, Basses Frequences, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pretending to Be Fearless" (CD-R, Fleshmadeword, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Repercussion" (CD-R, Piehead Records, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rural" (CD-R, Blade Records, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wound Culture" (CD-R, Unbound Books, 2002) (soundtrack to his book of the same name)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "At the Fountain of Thirst" (CD-R, Mystery Sea, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Flowers Blossom" (CD-R, Sonic Syrup, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cicatrice" (CD-R, Dreamland Recordings, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Concretion" (CD-R, DTA Records, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Re-released (MP3, .Angle.Rec., 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Corpus Callosum" (CD-R, Kolorform Records, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dreammares" (CD-R, Mechanoise Labs, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eye of Day" (CD-R, Foreign Lands, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Loop Studies One" (CD-R, Laub Records, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Loop Studies Remixed" (CD-R, Arcolepsy Records, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Métamorphose (En Sept Étages)" (CD-R, S'agita Recordings, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Terza Rima" (CD-R, Public Eyesore, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Threnody One: Lamentation" (CD-R, Nulll, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Intricate Course of Deception" (CD, .Angle.Rec., 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Antithesis" (CD-R, petite sono], 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "At the Base of the Mind Is Coiled a Serpent" (CD, Le Cri de la Harpe, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blauserk" (CD-R, The Locus of Assemblage, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Butterfly Bones" (CD, Between Existence Productions, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Field of Drones" (CD-R, Arcolepsy Records, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ice Against My Skin" (CD-R, Arrêt Arrêt Recordings, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ichneumon" (MP3, TIBProd, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Same River Twice" (7", Drone Records, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scouring Thin Bones" (MP3, Noiseusse, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tense Surfaces" (MP3, Panospria, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Taste of Summer on Your Skin" (CD-R, taâlem, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "24.2.24.4." (MP3, Dark Winter, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "At Home With…" (CD, Infraction, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Candescence" (CD-R, Verato Project, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Figures" (CD-R, Transient Frequency, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Re-released (CD, Volubilis Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Periodic" (CD-R, Crucial Bliss, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Remixes" (CD-R, Arcolepsy Records, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skein of Veins" (MP3, Phoniq, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs of Flowers & Skin" (CD-R, Zunior Records, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Re-released (CD, Beta-lactam Ring Records, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Still My Beating Heart Beats" (CD-R, Pertin_nce, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Taste of Summer on Your Skin" (CD-R, taâlem, 2004/2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1st & 2nd editions released in 2004 & 2005 respectively

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Traumerei" (CD-R, Evelyn Records, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Undercurrents" (CD, Zenapolae, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Within the Final Circle" (MP3, Mirakelmusik, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "030706" (MP3, City of Glass, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dog Fox Gone to Ground" (CD-R, Afe Records, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oneiromancer" (CD, 2xCD, Die Stadt, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2CD version contains a second disc with an Untitled Live Performance

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peau Sensible" (MP3, Zenapolæ, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pendulum" (CD-R, Gears of Sand, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Still My Beating Heart Beats" (MP3, Pertin_nce, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sea Swells a Bit…" (CD, A Silent Place, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Broken & Remade" (CD, Volubilis Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Concretion" (MP3, .Angle.Rec., 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Convs. w/ Myself" (CD-R, Evelyn Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dance of Lonely Molecules" (CD-R, Blade Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exoskeleton Heart" (CD-R, Crucial Bliss, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Figures" (CD, Volubilis Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Green & Cold" (CD-R, Gears of Sand, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Re-released (CD, Beta-lactam Ring Records, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Will Always and Forever Hold You in My Heart and Mind" (CD-R, Small Doses, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Limited 2nd Edition was released in 2008 with slightly different artwork

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Re-released (CD, Basses Frequences/Small Doses, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Noise of Silence" (CD-R, Hyperblasted, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scalpel" (CD, The Kora Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Second Week of the Second Month" (MP3, Kikapu Net.Label, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thoughtspan" (CD-R, Tosom, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Re-released (LP, Blackest Rainbow, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fragile Movements in Slow Motion" (CD-R, Universal Tongue, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Suchness #1" (CD-R, Gears of Sand, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20080307" (3"CD-R, Walnut + locust, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blue Figures" (CD, Basses Frequences, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dry" (CD, Install, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gathering Blue" (2LP, Equation Records, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live in Montreal" (MP3, Blocks Recording Club, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "PMT#60 Playmytape @ Dom Club" (MP3, Play MY Tape, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Liminoid | Lifeforms" (CD, Alien8 Recordings, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rictus" (CD, OHM Records, 2011) – compilation of the 3" CD-R releases "Cicatrice" (2003), "Blauserk" (2004), "The Taste of Summer on Your Skin" (2004) and "Fragile Movements in Slow Motion" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passing Thru" (CD/Book, Beta-lactam Ring Records, forthcoming)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Only Stories" (CD, The Kora Records, forthcoming)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lost in the Rat Maze" (CD, ConSouling Sounds, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pure Drone (Drone Compendium vol 1)" (LP, Beta-Lactam Ring Records, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Spectrum of Distraction" (2xCD, Robotic Empire, 2012) – Comes with download card containing over 6 hours of extra material / full mixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Already Drowning" (LP, CD, Gizeh Records, 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Objekts" (Cassette, DV, 2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography (abridged).:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Approaching a Black Hole" with DD3 (CD-R, Fargone Records, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Open Letter to Franz Kafka" with Beta Cloud (CD-R, Laughing Bride Media, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nagual" with Todd Merrell & Patrick Jordan (CD, aRCHIVE, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Orange" with thisquietarmy (CD-R, thisquietarmy Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live Collaboration" with Leah Buckareff & Datashock (12", Meudiademorte/Hlava Temple, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fantasma Parastasie" with Tim Hecker (Alien8 Recordings, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live 2008-14-11" with Brandon Valdivia (CD, Universal Tongue, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Picture of a Picture" with thisquietarmy (CD, Album, Killer Pimp, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "White Nights / Drone Fields / DOM" with Nadja (2xDVD, 2xCD, Beta-Lactam Ring Records, 2009) – 1 DVD & 1 CD each for Nadja / Aidan Baker solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Infinite Light Ltd." with Nathan Amundson of Rivulets and Mat Sweet of Boduf Songs. (CD, LP Denovali Records, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Werl" with Tomas Järmyr (Consouling Sounds, 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Noplace" with Simon Goff/Thor Harris (CD/LP, Album, Gizeh Records, 2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Invisible Cities" with Gareth Davis (LP/CDr, Album, Carlrecords, 2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography (abridged).:Splits.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Untitled with Z'EV, John Duncan & Fear Falls Burning (2x7", Die Stadt, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Colorful Disturbances" with Noveller (LP, Divorce, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sun is Bleeding & Has Black Hands" with ARC (2CD, Kokeshidisk, 2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography (abridged).:With Nadja.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Touched" (Deserted Factory Records, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skin Turns to Glass" (Nothingness Records, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Corrasion" (Foreshadow Productions, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- split with Moss (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Have Tasted the Fire Inside Your Mouth" (Deserted Factory Records, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bodycage" (Nothingness Records, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bliss Torn from Emptiness" (Fargone Records, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Truth Becomes Death" (Alien8 Recordings, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Absorption Split" with Methadrone (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trembled" (Profound Lore Recordings, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Have Departed the Circle Blissfully" with Fear Falls Burning (Conspiracy Records, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thaumogenesis" (Archive Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guilted by the Sun" (Roadburn Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Radiance of Shadows" (Alien8 Recordings, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "12012291920/1414101" with Atavist (Invada Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadja" with Fear Falls Burning (Conspiracy Records, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Desire in Uneasiness" (Crucial Blast Records, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Long Dark Twenties" 7" (Anthem Records, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trinity" (Die Stadt Musik, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bungled & the Botched" (ConSouling Sounds, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Autopergamene" (Essence Music, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cystema Solari" with Uochi Toki (CORPOC, 2014)

paragraph: Section::::Discography (abridged).:With ARC.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Untitled (CD-R, Arcolepsy Records, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two" (CD-R, Arcolepsy Records/Mathbat Records, 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "13th" (CD-R, taâlem, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2 Songs" (MP3, Subverseco, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feral" (CD-R, Arcolepsy Records/Worthy Records, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eyes in the Back of Our Heads" (CD-R, Worthy Records, 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Circle Is Not Round" (CD, A Silent Place, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Periodical II" (CD-R, The Ceiling, 2006)

paragraph: Section::::Discography (abridged).:Tracks Appear On.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" [Track titled 'Eitttlane'](a tribute to Ulver, MP3, CD-R, Aspherical Asphyxia Prod., 2007)

paragraph: Section::::Discography (abridged).:With Mnemosyne.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spiritsized" (CD-R, Arcolepsy Records, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Air Grows Small Fingers" (CD-R, Piehead Records, 2004)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fingerspelling" (Penumbra Press)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wound Culture" (Unbound Books)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adventures of Me & You" (Eraserhead Press)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Place Name" (Wingate Press)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passing Through" (Wounded Wolf Press, forthcoming)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- -Any sound can be music- Interview with Aidan Baker (in Spanish)

description: Canadian musician

wikidata_label: Aidan Baker

wikipedia_title: Aidan Baker


text:
MBE
Wagin, Western Australia
field hockey
wheatbelt
Moulyinning
India
Dhyan Chand
United States
Canada
England
New Zealand
Jean Wynne
Morna Hyde
Caroline "Tib" Ash
Australian Women's hockey team
Order of the British Empire
WAY 1979
Western Australian Hall of Champions
Cec
Mel
Eric
Gordon
Julian Pearce
John Hyde
MLA for Perth

categories: Australian female field hockey players,1981 deaths,1915 births,People from Wagin, Western Australia

paragraph: May Campbell

paragraph: May Emma Campbell (née Pearce) MBE (2 November 1915, in Wagin, Western Australia – 16 February 1981) was a field hockey player who represented Australia in the sport from 1935 to 1948. From the tiny wheatbelt town of Moulyinning, her career spanned 50 years as a player, coach, selector and administrator in several Australian states as well as national duties. She was considered one of Western Australia's and Australia's greatest players, with Indian champion Dhyan Chand saying of her: "May Campbell is one of the finest players I have seen, man or woman."

paragraph: As a player, 1936 was May Campbell's best year: on the Australian tour of the United States and Canada she was Australia's highest goalscorer, she also toured England and New Zealand, and managed a haul of 100 goals in club, national and international matches. In 1938, she scored 20 of WA's 30 goals in the National Championships. During her many years as Western Australian captain, the state failed to win the national title only twice.

paragraph: Campbell played local hockey with Surf Hockey Club (now YMCA Coastal City Hockey Club) with sisters Jean Wynne, (also played for Australia from 1946 to 1953), Morna Hyde (played for Australia in the late 1940s) and Caroline "Tib" Ash. May, Jean and Norma all captained the Australian Women's hockey team and the state team at various times and Tib also played at State and national levels.

paragraph: She was made a Member of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) in 1980 and during the WAY 1979 celebrations, was named as the all-time great of women's hockey. She was inducted into the Western Australian Hall of Champions in 1986. The "May Campbell Service to Sport Award" is given annually to a sports administrator who has displayed outstanding service to sport in the state.

paragraph: By coincidence, the four hockey playing Pearce sisters shared the same surname as the five Anglo-Indian hockey playing brothers, Cec, Mel, Eric, Gordon and Julian Pearce. Both sets of siblings played for Western Australia and Australia with the sisters dominating in the 1930s through to the mid 60s and the brothers in the 1950s and 60s.

paragraph: John Hyde, MLA for Perth, is Morna Pearce's son and hence May's nephew.

description: Australian field hockey player

wikidata_label: May Campbell

wikipedia_title: May Campbell


text: Italian

text: Cardinal

text: Catholic Church

text: cardinalate

text: Rome

text: Pietro Cardinal Marini

text: Collegio Capranica

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: doctorates in philosophy

text: in theology

text: in canon and civil law

text: Royal University of Rome

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: pastoral

text: Catholic Action

text: vicar general

text: Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano

text: Sacred Consistorial Congregation

text: galero

text: cardinal

text: Joaquín Lluch y Garriga

text: canon

text: chapter

text: Lateran Basilica

text: attaché

text: nunciature

text: Spain

text: St. Peter's Basilica

text: Secretariat of Briefs

text: Domestic Prelate of His Holiness

text: Eastern Christianity

text: Western Church

text: Holy Land

text: Egypt

text: Greece

text: North Africa

text: Roman Curia

text: consultor

text: Sacred Congregation of Studies

text: Pontifical Biblical Commission

text: liturgical

text: Sacred Congregation of Rites

text: Secretary

text: dicastery

text: Vincenzo Vannutelli

text: Commander

text: Order of Queen Isabel of Spain

text: Order of the Crown of Prussia

text: Order of the Holy Sepulchre

text: Légion d'honneur

text: Pope Benedict XV

text: Cardinal-Deacon

text: Santa Maria in Domnica

text: consistory

text: bishop

text: congregation

text: Pope

text: Prefect

text: participated

text: papal conclave

text: Pope Pius XI

text: Protector

text: Visitor

text: Campo Verano

text: Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

text: Catholic-Hierarchy

categories: Almo Collegio Capranica alumni,1923 deaths,Italian cardinals,Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches,1843 births

paragraph: Niccolò Marini

paragraph: Niccolò Marini (20 August 1843 – 27 July 1923) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as secretary of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches from 1917 to 1922, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1916.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Marini was born in Rome, and was a relative of Pietro Cardinal Marini. He studied at the "Collegio Capranica"; the Pontifical Gregorian University, from where he obtained his doctorates in philosophy, in theology, and in canon and civil law; and the Royal University of Rome. He was ordained to the priesthood on 26 June 1866, and then did pastoral work in Rome.

paragraph: Founder of the Catholic daily "Il buon senso", he also worked with Catholic Action in creating the women's club "Gaetana Agnesi". He was later named vicar general of Cardinal Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano. He became an official of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation in 1878, and a Privy Chamberlain "de numero participante" on 20 July 1881. On 27 March 1882, he acted as "ablegatus" in delivering the red galero to the newly created cardinal Joaquín Lluch y Garriga. After being appointed a canon of the chapter of the Lateran Basilica, Marini was an "attaché" in the nunciature to Spain from 1882 to 1889. He was then named a canon of St. Peter's Basilica on 11 July 1889, Substitute (or deputy) of the Secretariat of Briefs on 18 March 1892, and both Domestic Prelate of His Holiness and Protonotary apostolic "ad instar participantium" two days later.

paragraph: Marini was highly active in pursuing greater unity between the Eastern Christianity and the Western Church. It was this pursuit that took him on travels to the Holy Land, Egypt, Greece, and North Africa. Within the Roman Curia, he was made a consultor to the Sacred Congregation of Studies (10 October 1902), Pontifical Biblical Commission (1911), Commission for the Codification of Canon Law (9 March 1912), and to the liturgical section of the Sacred Congregation of Rites (26 March 1914). He was appointed Secretary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature on 20 October 1908. As Secretary, Marini served as the second-highest official of the dicastery, under Cardinal Vincenzo Vannutelli. He was highly decorated as well, having been made Commander of the Order of Queen Isabel of Spain, of the Order of the Crown of Prussia, and of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, and an Officer of the "Légion d'honneur".

paragraph: Pope Benedict XV created him Cardinal-Deacon of "Santa Maria in Domnica" in the consistory of 4 December 1916. Marini, who never became a bishop, was named to the Commission of Historical Studies on 4 January 1917. He was made Secretary of the Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Churches on 29 November 1917, essentially serving as head of that congregation as the Pope was the nominal Prefect at that time. Cardinal Marini resigned his post because of his advanced age and poor health in 1922. During that same year, he participated in the papal conclave that selected Pope Pius XI. One of his last appointments was as Protector and Visitor of all the Oriental Institutes of Rome on 28 July 1922.

paragraph: Cardinal Marini died in Rome. He is buried in the Campo Verano cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Niccolò Marini

wikipedia_title: Niccolò Marini


text: MBE

text: PC

text: Lord of Appeal in Ordinary

text: St John's College, Cambridge

text: World War II

text: 4 Gorkha Rifles

text: Arakan

text: Imphal

text: mentioned in dispatches

text: MBE

text: Middle Temple

text: Lincoln's Inn

text: ad eundem

text: Bar Council

text: Queen's Counsel

text: Bencher

text: High Court

text: Chancery Division

text: knighthood

text: Lord Justice of Appeal

text: Privy Council

text: first instance

text: EMI Limited v Pandit

text: Anton Piller order

text: Lord of Appeal in Ordinary

text: life peer

text: Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876

text: White Lackington

text: County of Somerset

text: tax law

text: intellectual property law

text: orthodox

text: Land Registration Act 1988

text: tax avoidance

text: Julie Christie

text: Ramsay Principle

text: sadomasochistic sex

text: inter alia

text: not be having sex

text: legally consent

text: contraceptives

text: Spycatcher

text: Peter Sutcliffe

text: bribery

text: Hazell v Hammersmith and Fulham LBC

text: Sutton's Hospital Case

text: freemason

text: Black Nominees Ltd v Nicol

text: EMI Limited v Pandit

text: Mandla v Dowell-Lee

text: Street v Mountford

text: China and South Sea Bank v Tan

text: Lipkin Gorman v Karpnale Ltd

text: R v Brown

text: Attorney General for Hong Kong v Reid

categories: Law lords,1920 births,2014 deaths,Members of the Order of the British Empire,Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge,Attorneys-General of the Duchy of Lancaster,Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England,Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council,Knights Bachelor,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,English judges

paragraph: Sydney Templeman, Baron Templeman

paragraph: Sydney William Templeman, Baron Templeman, MBE, PC (3 March 1920 – 4 June 2014) was a British judge. He served as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1982 to 1995.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Templeman was born on 3 March 1920, the son of Herbert William Templeman (a coal merchant) & his wife Lilian née Pheasant. He was educated at Southall Grammar School and St John's College, Cambridge, where he was a scholar and read History. His studies were interrupted by World War II. In 1941 he was commissioned into the 4 Gorkha Rifles, and saw action on the Northwest Frontier, at Arakan, Imphal, and Burma. For his wartime service, he was mentioned in dispatches, and was demobilised as an honorary Major, and then later appointed an MBE for his war service.

paragraph: After the War, he returned to Cambridge to finish his studies, and read Law. He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple, where he was a Harmsworth Scholar, but joined Lincoln's Inn "ad eundem" as a MacMahon Scholar. He also practiced at the Chancery bar. One notable case which he worked on was "Anisminic v Foreign Compensation Commission" in which he was counsel for the respondents, the Foreign Compensation Commission.

paragraph: Templeman became a member of the Bar Council in 1961, and was made a Queen's Counsel in 1964. He was elected a Bencher of the Middle Temple in 1969. He was Attorney-General of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1970 and 1972.

paragraph: Section::::Judicial career.

paragraph: Templeman was appointed to the High Court and assigned to the Chancery Division in 1972, and received the customary knighthood. He was subsequently appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1972, and was sworn into the Privy Council. Sitting at first instance in "EMI Limited v Pandit" [1975] 1 All ER 418, he granted the first Anton Piller order in English legal history.

paragraph: On 30 September 1982, Templeman was made a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and created a life peer under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876, taking the title Baron Templeman, of White Lackington in the County of Somerset.

paragraph: Lord Templeman made significant contributions to English law during his time as a judge, both within and outside his specialist field of tax law and intellectual property law. He gave leading speeches upholding orthodox doctrine against calls for reform in the important land law cases of "Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v London Residuary Body" [1992] 2 AC 386 and "Rhone v Stephens" [1994] 2 AC 310. He also sponsored the Land Registration Act 1988, which led to the land register of England and Wales being open to the public for the first time in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Judicial career.:Revenue cases.

paragraph: Templeman is famous for paving the way for later judges to combat tax avoidance. He is famous for the concept of "Sham Transactions" introduced in the case of "Black Nominees Ltd v Nicol (Inspector of Taxes)". This case (which concerned an avoidance scheme adopted by the advisers of the actress Julie Christie) was groundbreaking as for the first time, judges were able to depart from the controversial Duke of Westminster Doctrine. Consequently, the business/commercial motive of a transaction conducted by a taxpayer would be considered. Notwithstanding this he was also famous for being a supporter of the Ramsay Doctrine and was notable for writing a scathing public letter (in retirement) to Lord Hoffman for wanting to move away from the Ramsay Principle in the Ramsay case. Ironically, during his time at the bar he had been active in advising on tax mitigation schemes for his clients, although this may have helped formulate his later views on the bench.

paragraph: Section::::Judicial career.:Social views.

paragraph: Templeman also handed down a number of judgments which were very socially conservative. In when considering whether injuries inflicted during sadomasochistic sex with the consent of all parties was legal, he said: "Society is entitled and bound to protect itself against a cult of violence. Pleasure derived from the infliction of pain is an evil thing. Cruelty is uncivilised." Templeman was also one of the dissenting judges in the famous case of "Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech AHA" [1986] AC 112, arguing, inter alia, that sub-16-year-old girls should not be having sex and, therefore, cannot legally consent to being prescribed contraceptives by a physician (thus necessitating parental consent to obtain prescription contraceptives).

paragraph: Other significant cases in which Lord Templeman appeared were the "Spycatcher" case (relating to the duty of confidentiality and the Official Secrecy Act) and dismissing the claims of the mother of Jacqueline Hill, the last victim of the Peter Sutcliffe (the "Yorkshire Ripper"), against the police for failing to apprehend the killer before he murdered her.

paragraph: Section::::Judicial career.:Judicial style.

paragraph: During his time on the bench, Lord Templeman was known to be short with counsel who persisted with a line of argument after he had made up his mind, which earned him the affectionate sobriquet, "Syd Vicious".

paragraph: Lord Templeman was also renowned for his colourful language. In "Borden (UK) Ltd v Scottish Timber Products Ltd" [1979] 3 WLR 672 at 686 he remarked:"At some distant date, when the court has unearthed the unearthable, traced the untraceable and calculated the incalculable, there will emerge the sum which it is said belongs to the plaintiffs in equity, a sum which is immune from the claims of Crown and mortgagee, debenture holder and creditor, a sum secured to the plaintiffs by a simple retention of title clause, which referred only to resin but was pregnant with all the consequences alleged in the statement of claim and hidden from the gaze of all other persons who dealt with the defendants."

paragraph: When he expressed judicial opinions - either on legal or social issues - he often did so in strident tones. In , he referred to bribery as an "evil practice which threatens the foundations of any civilised society". In "Hazell v Hammersmith and Fulham LBC" [1992] 2 AC 1 when counsel tried to rely upon the decision in "Sutton's Hospital Case" (1612) 10 Co Rep 1 he said: "This argument strikes me as being not so much arcane as absurd."

paragraph: However he was also capable of striking a deeply compassionate note. Whilst dismissing the claim of Anita Hill's mother for the murder of her daughter, he said: "The appellant, Mrs. Hill, is tormented with the unshakeable belief that her daughter would be alive today if the respondent the West Yorkshire police force had been more efficient. That belief is entitled to respect and understanding. Damages cannot compensate for the brutal extinction of a young life."

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Templeman was an active freemason.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Templeman had two sons, Peter (a Church of England vicar) and Michael (a barrister).

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Lord Templeman died on 4 June 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Notable cases.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anisminic v Foreign Compensation Commission" [1969] 2 AC 147

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Nominees Ltd v Nicol" [1975] TR 93; [1975] STC 372

paragraph: BULLET::::- "EMI Limited v Pandit" [1975] 1 All ER 418

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mandla v Dowell-Lee" [1983] 2 AC 548

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Street v Mountford" [1985] AC 809

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gillick v West Norfolk Area Health Authority" [1985] AC 112

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miles v Wakefield Metropolitan District Council" [1987] AC 539

paragraph: BULLET::::- "China and South Sea Bank v Tan" [1990] 1 AC 536

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lipkin Gorman v Karpnale Ltd" [1991] 3 WLR 10

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v London Residuary Body" [1992] 2 AC 386

paragraph: BULLET::::- "R v Brown" [1994] 1 AC 212

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Attorney General for Hong Kong v Reid" [1994] 1 AC 324, [1994] 1 NZLR 1 (PC)

description: British judge

wikidata_label: Sydney Templeman, Baron Templeman

wikipedia_title: Sydney Templeman, Baron Templeman


text:
bishop of Strasbourg
Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
Notre-Dame de Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Alsace
Lanzelin
Altenburg
Lutgart, Countess of Nellenbourg
Rudolph I
Radbot of Klettgau
Habsburg
Guntram, Count in Breisgau
Eberhard, Count of Thurgau
Bosphorus
Constantinople

categories: Bishops of Strasbourg,1028 deaths,11th-century Roman Catholic bishops,German Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Werner I (Bishop of Strasbourg)

paragraph: Werner I, Bishop of Strasbourg (born between 978 and 980, died October 28, 1028) was bishop of Strasbourg from 1001 until his death in 1028. Werner was one of the last bishops to be appointed by Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor.

paragraph: In 1015, Werner laid the first stone of a cathedral on the present site of Notre-Dame de Strasbourg in Strasbourg, Alsace.

paragraph: Werner's father was Lanzelin of Altenburg (and of Klettgau), who died in 991 and his mother was Lutgart, Countess of Nellenbourg.

paragraph: According to , Werner and his brothers Rudolph I and Radbot of Klettgau were the first members of the Habsburg family. They were sons of Lanzelin, Count of Altenbourg (son of Guntram, Count in Breisgau), and of Lutgart, Countess of Nellenbourg (daughter of Eberhard, Count of Thurgau).

paragraph: He died of fever, on the banks of the Bosphorus on his way to Constantinople.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/habsburger/werner_1_bischof_von_stra%DFburg_+_1028.html

description: Bishop of Strasbourg

wikidata_label: Werner I

wikipedia_title: Werner I (Bishop of Strasbourg)


text: singer-songwriter

text: harpist

text: rock musician

text: paternal

text: Roy Acuff

text: Indie-folk

text: Americana

text: chamber music

text: Bandcamp website

text: Record Label site

text: Television performance on KOMU NBC

text: Radio Interview on Blog Talk Radio

categories: American singer-songwriters,Year of birth missing (living people),Living people,American female singer-songwriters,American harpists

paragraph: Ruth Acuff

paragraph: Ruth Acuff is an American singer-songwriter, harpist, and rock musician.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ruth was born in Columbia, Missouri. She is married to bass player and luthier Jeff Mueller from Mexico, Missouri. She has performed at venues in Missouri and nationally on tour. She now resides in New York, New York. She is paternally related to country music singer Roy Acuff.

paragraph: Section::::Performing Groups and Related Artists.

paragraph: Ruth performs in the following bands as the lead singer and performer:

paragraph: Ruth Acuff: A self-named "indie-folk" group that includes her on harp and lead vocals, husband Jeff Mueller on upright bass, and sister Mary Leibovich on a single drum or doing vocals with a full drummer.

paragraph: The Royal Furs: A psychedelic rock band where Ruth is the lead singer and performs with a theremin. Other members include Noel Feldman on drums, Joshua Wright on bass guitar, and Mike Marshall on lead guitar.

paragraph: In addition, she is a backup singer and guitarist on a Missouri-based Pink Floyd tribute band called Interstellar Overdrive, and tours and collaborates with pianist Merry Ellen Kirk.

paragraph: Section::::Ruth Acuff (Harp group).

paragraph: Ruth began performing with a lever harp in 2010, going to a Lyon & Healey pedal harp in 2014. She has nicknamed the harp "Haru." She performs original work and does both acoustic and electric performances.

paragraph: Section::::The Royal Furs.

paragraph: The Royal Furs perform primarily original psychedelic rock music, as well as a few cover versions of popular psychedelic 60's era songs. She sings and plays theremin for this band.

paragraph: Section::::Former Bands.

paragraph: From 2008 to 2010 Her and Jeff Mueller performed in a folk band called Rutherford.

paragraph: Section::::Music Style.

paragraph: Her 2013 album, "This is the Dream", performed as harpist, was classified as "Indie-folk" with "echoes of Americana...as well as traces of an earthier form of chamber music." The Royal Furs has been described as "...pure 1990s Alternative Nation."

paragraph: Section::::Albums.

paragraph: Ruth Acuff

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paisley" (CD) - Independent - 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tree" (CD) - Independent - 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This is the Dream" (CD) - The Nation of Love - 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To the Moon" (CD) - The Nation of Love - 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Do" (Single) - The Nation of Love - 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peace" (Single) - The Nation of Love - 2018

paragraph: The Royal Furs

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Can't Catch M"e (EP) - 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fever Dream" (CD) - 2016

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bandcamp website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Record Label site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Television performance on KOMU NBC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radio Interview on Blog Talk Radio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vox Magazine (March 7, 2019) Ruth Acuff is your everyday rock star

description: Singer/songwriter/harpist

wikidata_label: Ruth Acuff

wikipedia_title: Ruth Acuff


text:
Somali
Dir
Zeila
Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti
Sufi
Qadiriyyah
Red Sea
Darod
Haylaan
Dōmbira daughter of Dagāle

categories: Ethnic Somali people,10th-century Somali people

paragraph: Dobira

paragraph: Dobira (), also known as Dobira Dir or Dombira, was a Somali historical figure.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Dobira was the daughter of Dagale (Dikalla), the Dir clan chief. According to an official military survey conducted during the colonial period, Dir members are by tradition believed to be descended from a forefather named "Dir". Dir is held to be the great grand-son of Ram Nag, an Arab migrant who landed in Zeila on the northwestern Somali coast.

paragraph: During the 10th or 11th century CE, Dobira married Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti (Darod), a son of the Sufi Sheikh Isma'il al-Jabarti of the Qadiriyyah order, who had settled in northern Somalia just across the Red Sea. The union is said to have given rise to the Darod clan family.

paragraph: Dobira is buried just outside the ancient northern town of Haylaan, where Sheikh Darod's tomb is located.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dōmbira daughter of Dagāle

wikidata_label: Dobira

wikipedia_title: Dobira


text:
Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough
Ontario, Canada
Italy
St. Augustine's Seminary
Toronto
Rome

wikipedia_title:
Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough
Ontario
Italy
St. Augustine's Seminary
Toronto
Rome

categories: 1939 births,Living people,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Canadian Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Nicola De Angelis

paragraph: Nicola De Angelis, C.F.I.C (Born 23 January 1939) is Bishop Emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.

paragraph: Nicola De Angelis was born in Pozzaglia Sabino, Italy, on 23 January 1939. In 1959 he entered the religious order of the Sons of the Immaculate Conception. He immigrated to Canada in 1967 and commenced studies in theology at St. Augustine's Seminary in Toronto. On 6 December 1970, De Angelis was ordained a priest in Toronto, to the Order of the Sons of the Immaculate Conception. During his years in Toronto, Father De Angelis was appointed to the Minister's Advisory Committee for education in Ontario. In the 1970s and early 1980s, he was involved with the Archdiocesan Senate Committee and also with the several Italian Cultural Committees. He was appointed Treasurer General of his religious order in 1984 and moved to Rome to fulfill the duties of this position. On 27 April 1992, he was elected titular Bishop of Remesianna. He was ordained Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto and consecrated in St. Michael's Cathedral on 24 June 1992. On 28 December 2002, Bishop De Angelis was appointed the Bishop of Peterborough.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy entry

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Nicola De Angelis

wikipedia_title: Nicola De Angelis


text:
courtesy name
scholar-official
Later Han
Later Zhou
Song
grand councilor
Emperor Zhenzong
Consort Shen
Rites of Zhou
Book of Rites
Etiquette and Ceremonial
Luoyang
Sōng Prefecture
Later Han
Shǎn Prefecture
Later Zhou
Zhao Kuangyin
military governor
Hua Prefecture
Xǔ Prefecture
Sòng Prefecture
Song dynasty
emperor
Kaifeng
Census Bureau
Wuyue
Si
Yang Prefecture
Huainan Circuit
supervising secretary
Shaanxi Circuit
invaded
Later Shu

categories: 909 births,Later Han (Five Dynasties) politicians,Later Zhou politicians,Song dynasty chancellors,Song dynasty Buddhists,Song dynasty politicians from Henan,People from Taikang County,Politicians from Zhoukou,987 deaths

paragraph: Shen Lun

paragraph: Shen Lun ( 909 – 16 November 987, courtesy name Shunyi), known as Shen Yilun before 976, was a scholar-official who successively served the Later Han, Later Zhou and Song dynasties. He was one of the Song dynasty grand councilors between 973 and 982.

paragraph: Emperor Zhenzong's Consort Shen was his granddaughter.

paragraph: Section::::During the Five Dynasties.

paragraph: Early in his career, Shen Yilun studied the "Three Rites" ("Rites of Zhou", "Book of Rites", and "Etiquette and Ceremonial") and taught these classics between Luoyang and Sōng Prefecture to support himself. During Later Han, he joined the staff of Bai Wenke (白文珂), the prefect of Shǎn Prefecture.

paragraph: In 954 during the Later Zhou, Shen Yilun was referred by a friend and became a retainer to general Zhao Kuangyin, then a military governor administering Hua Prefecture, Xǔ Prefecture, and Sòng Prefecture. Shen was able to manage the finances of all 3 prefectures, and had an incorruptible reputation.

paragraph: Section::::During the Song dynasty.

paragraph: In February 960, Zhao Kuangyin usurped the Later Zhou throne and founded the Song dynasty. At that time, Shen Yilun was a mere surveillance circuit judge stationed in Sòng Prefecture, but now that his former boss had become the emperor, he was summoned to the capital (and his hometown) Kaifeng and made director of the Census Bureau.

paragraph: In early 962, returning from a diplomatic trip to Song's tributary state Wuyue, Shen offered more than 10 recommendations to the new emperor, all of which were accepted. One of recommendations was loaning out grain from military granaries to relieve the mass starvation Shen witnessed in Si and Yang Prefectures. Shen argued that peasants would repay the loan come harvest time in the autumn. However, another minister soon objected:

paragraph: To which Shen responded:

paragraph: Zhao Kuangyin was pleased with the reply and ordered government officials in Huainan Circuit to dispense grain to starved people.

paragraph: In 962, Shen was made a supervising secretary. The following spring he was made fiscal commissioner of Shaanxi Circuit. When the Song dynasty invaded the Later Shu in 964, Shen was in charge of the military finances.

alias:
Shen Yilun
Shen Lun
Yilun
Gonghui
Shunyi

description: Song dynasty person CBDB = 1454

wikidata_label: Shen Lun

wikipedia_title: Shen Lun


text:
professional golfer
golf course designer
St Andrews
Fifeshire
Scotland
caddie
Old Tom Morris
1878 Open Championship
Prestwick
Royal Troon Golf Club
Scotland
Davie Strath
Open Championship
Andrew Strath
1865 Open Championship
Glasgow Golf Club
England
Ilkley Golf Club
West Riding
Yorkshire
Rombald's Moor
Stinchcombe
Gloucestershire
Willie Fernie
St Andrews
1883
RMS "Umbria"
Liverpool
1896 U.S. Open
Shinnecock Hills Golf Club
Southampton, New York
George Low
Shelter Island
Darien, Connecticut
Metropolitan Amateur
Genevieve Hecker
U.S. Women's Amateur
Stamford, Connecticut

categories: 1843 births,Scottish male golfers,People from St Andrews,Golf course architects

paragraph: George Strath

paragraph: George Strath (1 October 1843 – 21 January 1919) was a Scottish professional golfer and golf course designer of the late 19th century and early 20th century. He was born in St Andrews, Fifeshire, Scotland. As a young lad he worked as a caddie, carrying the clubs of Old Tom Morris at St Andrews.

paragraph: Strath placed 14th in the 1878 Open Championship at Prestwick. He served as the first professional at Royal Troon Golf Club in Scotland from 1881–87. In June 1883, Strath increased the links at Troon to twelve holes. A further six holes were completed by 1885.

paragraph: Strath's brother—Davie Strath—was also a fine golfer with seven top-10 finishes in the Open Championship. His other brother, Andrew Strath, won the 1865 Open Championship. George had three brothers, one of which was not a professional golfer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Strath was born on 1 October 1843, the son of Alexander Strath and Susan Strath (née Reid). He married Christina Ronald on 31 December 1868 in St Andrews, Scotland. They had at least one child, a daughter named Susan. At the time of his marriage, Strath was working as a ship carpenter but would soon thereafter start a career in golf.

paragraph: His first professional post was at the Glasgow Golf Club where he was well known for the great condition of his golf course, especially the wonderful putting surfaces. He moved to the north of England to become professional at Southport Old Links from 1888–92. He later served at North Manchester in 1894–95. Strath assisted in the design of Ilkley Golf Club ("pictured left") which is the oldest club in West Riding and the third oldest in Yorkshire.

paragraph: A 9-hole course was established on Rombald's Moor at the request of Ben Hirst and Alfred Potter in June 1890. The location for the original 9-hole course was planned with assistance from Strath, who after leaving Royal Troon was the club professional at Southport Old Links. After leaving Southport he then took a job as professional at Stinchcombe in Gloucestershire from 1893–94.

paragraph: He was an excellent club maker, making beautiful long-nosed woods. When Strath left Troon in 1887, Willie Fernie took over as professional and served the club for 37 years. Fernie was also from a St Andrews family and won the Open Championship in 1883.

paragraph: Section::::Emigration to the U.S..

paragraph: Strath and his wife Christina boarded the RMS "Umbria" and sailed from Liverpool, arriving in New York City on 28 September 1895. Prior to leaving Scotland, Christina had been ill and doctors recommended a change of climate for her recovery.

paragraph: Section::::Golf career.

paragraph: He began his U.S. golf career quickly by entering the 1896 U.S. Open at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club in Southampton, New York. He shot rounds of 91-89=180 and finished well back from the leaders. After his arrival in the United States, Strath never made it a priority to be a tournament golfer, but rather he preferred the business side of the game by being a greens keeper and instructor, having no superiors in either of those categories.

paragraph: In late 1895 he laid out the links at Dyker Meadow Club in Brooklyn where George Low would later be posted. He left Dyker Meadow and took a post at Shelter Island in 1897. He later worked for a short time at Wee Burn Club in Darien, Connecticut, in 1901. While at Wee Burn he instructed such champions as Charles H. Seely, 3-time champion of Connecticut from 1901–3, and twice winner of the Metropolitan Amateur championship in 1905 and 1908. In 1909 Strath was appointed as president of the Eastern Professional Golf Association.

paragraph: While still posted at Wee Burn, Strath was the golf instructor to Genevieve Hecker who was the U.S. Women's Amateur national champion in 1901 and 1902. After his stint at Wee Burn, he spent one year at the Hillandale Golf Club in Stamford, Connecticut. He left Hillandale to design the Crescent Athletic Club links in Brooklyn where his tenure was from 1901 through 1918.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Strath died—due to heart trouble—at the age of 76 in New York City on 21 January 1919.

description: golfer (1843-1919)

wikidata_label: George Strath

wikipedia_title: George Strath