text: Dutch

text: hermit

text: Houthem

text: Valkenburg

text: Limburg

text: soldier

text: brigand

text: Christian

text: pilgrimage

text: Rome

text: Jerusalem

text: penance

text: Netherlands

text: oak

text: Houthem

text: Maastricht

text: Basilica of Saint Servatius

text: monastery

text: bishop

text: treasure

text: Hildegard of Bingen

text: wine

text: The Order of Premontre (Norbertines)

text: Germanic

text: Romance languages

text: early Germanic names

text: Sint-Gerlachus church

text: Saints of January 5: Gerlac

text: Houthem-St. Gerlach (L): St. Gerlachus

categories: Dutch hermits,People from Valkenburg aan de Geul,12th-century Christian saints,Year of birth unknown,History of Limburg (Netherlands),1170 deaths,Medieval Dutch saints,Dutch Roman Catholic saints

paragraph: Saint Gerlach

paragraph: Saint Gerlach (Gerlache, Gerlac, Gerlachus van Houthem, Gerlac of Valkenberg) (d. c. 1170 AD) was a 12th-century Dutch hermit. His cult is centered at Houthem near Valkenburg in the south of the province of Limburg.

paragraph: The "Vita Beati Gerlaci Eremytae", written around 1227, describes his legend and life. Originally a licentious soldier and brigand, Gerlache became a pious Christian upon the death of his wife and went on pilgrimage to Rome and Jerusalem. At Rome, he nursed the sick for seven years. He also performed rites of penance for the sins of his youth.

paragraph: Upon returning to the Netherlands, he gave up all of his possessions to the poor and took up residence in a hollow oak on his former estate near Houthem. He ate bread mixed with ash and traveled by foot each day on pilgrimage to Maastricht, to the Basilica of Saint Servatius. Despite his extreme austerity, he was engaged in a dispute with local monks, who wanted him to enter their monastery. The common people in the area considered him a saint, but these monks appealed to the local bishop. They accused Gerlach of actually being incredibly rich, his oak actually being the location of a cache of treasure. The bishop commanded that Gerlach's oak be cut down. Gerlach, however, had by this time made powerful friends, including Hildegard of Bingen, and received protection. Nevertheless, his oak was cut down, but the bishop found no treasure and wanted to make up his mistake to the saint by having the oak cut up in planks and having a small hut constructed with those.

paragraph: Legend states that when Gerlach had done enough penance, water from the local well transformed itself into wine three times as a sign that his sins had been forgiven. He died shortly after, barely fifty and legend has it that the last rites were administered to him by the Saint Servatius himself.

paragraph: The Order of Premontre (Norbertines) claims his as one of theirs, due to his "rough white habit", and has him on its liturgical calendar as a "Blessed"

paragraph: Section::::The name.

paragraph: Gerlach is a male forename of Germanic origin, variations of which exist in many Germanic and Romance languages. Like many other early Germanic names, it is dithematic, consisting of two meaningful constituents put together. In this case, those constituents are "ger" (meaning 'spear') and "/la:k /" (meaning 'motion'). The meaning of the name is thus 'spear thrower'.

paragraph: Section::::The church.

paragraph: The Sint-Gerlachus church in Houthem Sint-Gerlach is a well-known tourist site and the only religious building with frescos (paintings on marl) in the Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saints of January 5: Gerlac

paragraph: BULLET::::- Houthem-St. Gerlach (L): St. Gerlachus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: lác

paragraph: BULLET::::- Specific

description: Dutch hermit

wikidata_label: Saint Gerlach

wikipedia_title: Saint Gerlach


text:
DSO &
Bar
DFC
Canadian
World War II
fighter pilot
Montreal
Quebec
Oshawa, Ontario
Aurora
Bank of Toronto
Air Gunner
Pilot
Ottawa
Pilot Officer
Hawker Hurricane
United Kingdom
Peterhead
Scotland
Flight Lieutenant
British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
Squadron Leader
Dieppe
Distinguished Flying Cross
Wing Commander
No. 2 Group
JG 3
Distinguished Service Order
Normandy
E-boats
knight
French
Légion d'honneur
Croix de Guerre avec Palme
Northern Secondary school
Canadian Aces - Lloyd Chadburn
Acesofww2 - "Chad"

categories: Canadian World War II flying aces,1944 deaths,Canadian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,Canadian World War II pilots,People from Montreal,1919 births,Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)

paragraph: Lloyd Chadburn

paragraph: Lloyd Vernon "Chad" Chadburn DSO & Bar, DFC (21 August 1919 – 13 June 1944) was a Canadian World War II fighter pilot.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Birth.

paragraph: Lloyd Chadburn was born in Montreal, Quebec on 21 August 1919, later moving with his parents to Oshawa, Ontario as an infant. He grew up there and in Aurora. He worked as a bank clerk at the Bank of Toronto and as a salesman for the Red Rose Tea Company.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: Chadburn applied to enlist in both the Army and Navy in 1939, but was turned down both times. After a spell working for General Motors and with the Bank of Toronto, he was accepted by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) as an Air Gunner in April 1940, but re-mastered as a Pilot. He graduated from the Number 2 Flight Training School in Ottawa on 9 October 1940 as a Pilot Officer.

paragraph: In December 1940 Chadburn was posted to "Number 112 (Army Cooperation) Squadron" flying Hawker Hurricanes and made his first operational flight in March 1941. He was posted to the United Kingdom in 1941, and joined "412 Squadron (RCAF)" in June 1941, moving to "19 Squadron (RAF)" in September.

paragraph: In February 1942 Chadburn was posted to "Number 416 (RCAF) Squadron" in Peterhead, Scotland as a Flight Lieutenant. Days later he took over command of the squadron, becoming the first graduate of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan to lead a Fighter Command squadron. He was also the youngest Squadron Leader in the RCAF at the age of 21.

paragraph: Promoted to squadron leader, Chadburn and "416 Squadron" flew defensive missions over Dieppe on 19 August 1942, covering the Canadian and Allied raid and claiming his first air victories. He was then awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. After a period of leave in Canada, he was posted to "No. 402 Squadron" and then "No. 403 Squadron", prior to his promotion to Wing Commander for the RAF Digby Wing in June 1943. He led the Wing in flying escort to American bombers and the RAF medium bombers of No. 2 Group. He was supposedly dubbed "The Angel" for his escort would assure the bomber crews a safe passage to and from the target. On 3 November 1943 the Wing claimed seven Bf 109's of II./JG 3 (five were actually lost), with Chadburn claiming two personally.

paragraph: By the time Chadburn left the "Digby Wing" in December he had received the Distinguished Service Order twice, the first RCAF officer to be so decorated and was one of only four in history. In early 1944, he was appointed Wing Commander, Fighter Operations at RCAF Group Headquarters Overseas. He was sent back to Canada for a War Bond drive in the spring and upon his return was made wing commander of "Number 127" Wing RCAF, comprising 403, 421 and 416 Squadrons.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: On 13 June 1944, Chadburn was killed in a mid-air collision with another Spitfire pilot while taking off from a landing strip in Normandy. He was 24 years of age.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Honours.

paragraph: Chadburn's record includes five enemy airplanes destroyed (three shared), five aircraft probably destroyed (one shared), seven aircraft damaged (two shared), two E-boats destroyed, and another two damaged, as well as a destroyer damaged.

paragraph: Chadburn was made a Chevalier (knight) in the French Légion d'honneur and awarded the Croix de Guerre avec Palme. Only three RCAF officers received the Légion d'honneur, and Chadburn was the only one to receive the Croix de Guerre.

paragraph: His name is listed on the memorial in Northern Secondary school in Toronto Ontario which he attended.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Gone is the Angel - Biography of Lloyd Chadburn

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian Aces - Lloyd Chadburn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Acesofww2 - "Chad"

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Resting place

description: Royal Canadian Air Force pilot in World War II

wikidata_label: Lloyd Chadburn

wikipedia_title: Lloyd Chadburn


text:
Waiouru
Grand Prix
WSBK
motorcycle
road racer
New Zealand
Suzuki
Malaysia
Superbike
1993
500 cc World Championship
Suzuki
1994
Aaron Slight
Honda
RC45
Superbike World Championship
1995 season
Honda
Doug Polen
Aaron Slight
Assen
Kawasaki
1997
2000
Aaron Slight
British Superbike
Yamaha
Andorra
1998
WCM
Yamaha YZR500
British Grand Prix
Donington Park
Dunlop
Honda
Donington Park
Phillip Island
1999
Michelin
MuZ
Red Bull Romaniacs
Romania
European Junior Cup
WSBK
Motorland Aragon
Banter Media
Liam Andrew Wright

categories: British Superbike Championship riders,1969 births,Superbike World Championship riders,New Zealand motorcycle racers,500cc World Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Simon Crafar

paragraph: Simon Crafar (born 15 January 1969 in Waiouru) is a former Grand Prix and WSBK motorcycle road racer from New Zealand.

paragraph: His racing career started in 1981 aboard a Suzuki TM75 in a local Junior Motocross Championship before eventually moving onto road racing in 1985. He won Malaysia's Superbike championship in 1991. In 1993 he raced a Harris machine in the 500 cc World Championship before joining the Suzuki factory racing team in the 250 class for the latter part of the season. He did not enjoy this, feeling he was too large for the bikes.

paragraph: Section::::World Superbike.

paragraph: For 1994 he joined countryman Aaron Slight on a semi-works Rumi Honda RC45 in the Superbike World Championship. After coming 5th overall in 1994, he started the 1995 season with Rumi Honda before replacing Doug Polen as the second factory rider alongside Aaron Slight, although they raced under different liveries. The bike gradually became more competitive, and Simon was strong in later part of 1995, coming 2nd in race 1 at Assen. He then spent 2 years with the Kawasaki racing team, scoring only one podium during the 1996 season finishing in 7th position. In 1997 he took two 2nd places and five 3rd places in addition to one Pole position and fastest lap to again finish 5th overall. In total he scored 10 podiums - four 2nds and six 3rds but, no wins in the series.

paragraph: He returned to World Superbike for 2000 as a substitute rider for Aaron Slight for two rounds. In 2002 he raced in British Superbike for the Virgin Mobile Yamaha team, coming 8th overall with two 3rd place finishes. He retired from motorcycle racing at the end of the 2002 season to spend more time with his wife and children and continues to live in Andorra to this date.

paragraph: Section::::500 GP.

paragraph: In 1998, Crafar rode a WCM Yamaha YZR500 in the 500cc world championship, winning the British Grand Prix at Donington Park (the last win for Dunlop in a dry race and the only non Honda win during the 1998 season and at Donington Park in 6 years), and finishing 7th in the standings, scoring two further podiums - one 2nd and one 3rd during the season with two fastest race laps - Donington Park and Phillip Island. He remained with the team for the early part of 1999, scoring points on 5 occasions. The WCM team changed to Michelin between seasons and Crafar found he could not replicate the same level of success as he had the previous year on Dunlop tyres and they parted company midway through the 1999 season. Crafar also took 10th on a one off ride on an MuZ at Donington Park during the same year. In total he has contested 32 500cc races, taking 3 podium finishes.

paragraph: Section::::Extreme Enduro.

paragraph: Following his retirement from road racing, Crafar continued to enjoy Extreme Enduro competing in the Red Bull Romaniacs competition held in Romania winning the Expert Class during 2007. During 2008 and 2009 Crafar worked with the organisers of the Red Bull Romaniacs competition assisting in the design and mapping of the course sections. During 2009 he was involved in a serious accident with a car whilst planning for the 2009 event that resulted in a broken back. Crafar underwent a successful operation to insert a metal plate and screws into his back.

paragraph: Section::::On Circuit Instruction.

paragraph: Since 2006 Crafar has been involved in on-circuit rider instruction for both track day riders and professional racers and has personally taught over 600 people on a one-to-one basis in a little over six years. Utilising his experience from competing and racing in World Championships throughout a 13 year career, Crafar uses simple, logical techniques that are very effective in allowing riders to improve their lap times in a safe and controlled manner. It was this approach to instruction that lead the organisers of the European Junior Cup a race series held at the WSBK championship rounds across Europe for 14- to 19-year-old riders) to approach Crafar to become the mentor and series instructor to the young racers aged 14–19 for the 2011 Championship, a position he held for the 2012 Championship. Crafar is involved in one-to-one rider instruction throughout Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Motovudu Dark Art of Performance.

paragraph: During the latter part of 2011 Simon Crafar launched Motovudu - Dark Art of Performance, a book and DVD series that is an instructional guide to riding faster on-circuit. Filmed at the MotoGP circuit Motorland Aragon in Northern Spain by Banter Media and directed by Liam Andrew Wright, both the book and the film draw from Crafar's previous experiences, both racing and instructional and is designed to teach any rider how they can ride fast and stay away from unnecessary risks.

paragraph: Section::::MotoGP Commentator.

paragraph: In 2018 Simon Crafar will take on the new role of pitlane reporter and commentator for Dorna covering all the races for MotoGP, Moto2 and Moto3 which will go out on the world feed. He will also be doing an onboard lap before each race discussing each circuit. Simon's credentials as a past 500cc GP rider will bring a new element to the commentary team.

description: New Zealand motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Simon Crafar

wikipedia_title: Simon Crafar


text:
fl.
Babylon
king of Babylon
Nabonidus
Darius I
Intaphrenes
bow
Cambyses II
Bardiya
Armenians
Dâdarši
Persian
crown prince
Armenian
Intaphrenes
Herodotus
Zopyros
Megabyzus I
Babylonians
Orontid Dynasty
Nebuchadnezzar IV (Arakha)

categories: Ancient Armenian people,6th-century BC Babylonian kings,Babylonian kings,6th-century BC rulers

paragraph: Nebuchadnezzar IV

paragraph: Nebuchadnezzar IV () (fl. 520s BC), also known as Arakha, was a self-proclaimed King of Babylon. Arakha was an Armenian who was the son of Haldita. However, he claimed to be the son of the previous king of Babylon, Nabonidus, and renamed himself Nebuchadnezzar IV. His rebellion against the Persian king, Darius I, which commenced around 522 BC, was short-lived and by 520 BC it had been suppressed by Intaphrenes, Darius's bow carrier.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 522 BC, with the disturbances that occurred after the death of Cambyses II and the proclamation of Bardiya as King, the Armenians revolted. Darius I sent an Armenian named Dâdarši to end the revolt, later replacing him with the Persian Vaumisa who defeated the Armenians in 521 BC. Around the same time, another Armenian named Arakha (meaning 'crown prince' in Armenian) claimed to be the son of the previous king of Babylon, Nabonidus, and renamed himself Nebuchadnezzar IV. His rebellion was short-lived and was suppressed by Intaphrenes, Darius's bow carrier.

paragraph: According to Herodotus, Intaphrenes was one of the seven who helped Darius I usurp the throne from Bardiya following Bardiya's usurping of the throne from Cambyses II. Bardiya was on the Persian throne for seven months during 522 BC. These events have been the subject of debate among historians in recent years. Intaphrenes was put to death after the insurrection for trying to enter the King's palace while he was lying with his wife.

paragraph: During the siege of Babylon, Zopyros, son of Megabyzus I (who had been one of the seven usurpers), mutilated himself to gain the trust of the Babylonians and thus gained entrance to the near impenetrable fortress.

paragraph: After a period of time, Zopyros earned their trust to such an extent that he was entrusted with the keys to all the gates. When the Persian forces arrived outside the city walls, Zopyros opened the gates and let the Persian king, Darius, and his forces in and victory was assured. The siege of Babylon had started soon after Darius I's accession to the throne in 521 BC and lasted more than a year and seven months with the siege ending during 520 BC.

paragraph: As to whether or not Zopyros was his bow carrier, there is no mention. However, the name Intaphrenes was never mentioned again by Herodotus after Intaphrenes's death.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orontid Dynasty

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nebuchadnezzar IV (Arakha), livius.org

description: king of Babylon

wikidata_label: Nebuchadnezzar IV

wikipedia_title: Nebuchadnezzar IV


text: Brazil

text: physician

text: research

text: malaria

text: Oswaldo Cruz Institute

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Pan-American Health Organization

text: Belo Horizonte

categories: People from Taubaté,20th-century Brazilian physicians,Brazilian tropical physicians,1917 births,1965 deaths,20th-century Brazilian scientists,Malariologists

paragraph: René Rachou

paragraph: René Rachou was a Brazilian physician and researcher on malaria who was the director of the Institute of Malariology of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro. He also worked with the Pan-American Health Organization. The Institute was moved to Belo Horizonte in 1955, and, after his death, in 1965, it was renamed Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the René Rachou Research Center. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, in Portuguese.

description: Brazilian biologist

wikidata_label: René Rachou

wikipedia_title: René Rachou


text:
Japan
comedian
musician
Watanabe Entertainment
owarai
No Plan
Department of Economics
Keio University
cousin
Tetsuo Hara
Ryō Fukawa's official page

categories: Musicians from Kanagawa Prefecture,Watanabe Entertainment,Vocaloid musicians,Japanese comedians,Keio University alumni,People from Yokohama,Nippon Columbia artists,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Ryo Fukawa

paragraph: , also known as ROCKETMAN, is a Japanese comedian and musician. He belongs to Watanabe Entertainment. On television he generally takes minor roles and is characterized by his childlike temperament and boyish looks. He is also a member of the owarai group, No Plan.

paragraph: Fukawa graduated from the Department of Economics at Keio University. He is cousin to manga artist Tetsuo Hara.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryō Fukawa's official page

description: Japanese musician and comedian

wikidata_label: Ryo Fukawa

wikipedia_title: Ryo Fukawa


text: enslaved woman

text: Martha Washington

text: George Washington

text: Mount Vernon

text: lady's maid

text: First Lady

text: Martha Washington

text: New York City

text: Philadelphia

text: fugitive slave

text: New Hampshire

text: abolitionist

text: Mount Vernon

text: English

text: indentured servant

text: Daniel Parke Custis

text: will

text: dower share

text: "dower" slaves

text: partus sequitur ventrem

text: Alexandria, Virginia

text: Nelly Custis

text: New York City

text: presidential

text: Christopher Sheels

text: William Lee

text: Philadelphia

text: President's House

text: Hercules

text: Gradual Abolition Act

text: Pennsylvania

text: its slaves

text: U.S. Constitution

text: Potomac River

text: Edmund Randolph

text: Trenton, New Jersey

text: Pennsylvania Abolition Society

text: U.S. Supreme Court

text: Prigg v. Pennsylvania

text: mulatto

text: Portsmouth, New Hampshire

text: Senator John Langdon

text: Oliver Wolcott Jr.

text: Secretary of the Treasury

text: 1793 Fugitive Slave Act

text: Burwell Bassett Jr.

text: Eliza Custis Law

text: manumitted

text: William Costin

text: free black

text: Greenland

text: indentured servants

text: apprentice

text: Rockingham County

text: The Granite Freeman

text: The Liberator

text: Fugitive Slave Act of 1793

text: President's House

text: activists

text: Michael A. Nutter

text: African Americans

text: Ann Rinaldi

text: Emily Arnold McCully

text: Thomas Gibbons

text: Jen Kirkman

text: Funny or Die

text: Drunk History

text: Alexander Macomb House

text: Hercules

text: List of slaves

text: Samuel Osgood House

text: "Two 1840s Articles on Oney Judge"

text: "Silent No Longer: The Story of Oney Judge"

categories: 1773 births,1848 deaths,African-American people,American slaves,Mount Vernon slaves

paragraph: Oney Judge

paragraph: Ona "Oney" Judge ( 1773 – February 25, 1848), known as Ona Judge Staines after marriage, was an enslaved woman owned by Martha Washington who worked on George Washington's plantation, Mount Vernon, in Virginia. Beginning in 1789, she worked as a lady's maid to First Lady Martha Washington in the presidential households in New York City and Philadelphia.

paragraph: With the aid of Philadelphia's free black community, Judge liberated herself in 1796 and lived as a fugitive slave in New Hampshire for the rest of her life.

paragraph: More is known about her than any other enslaved person on the Mount Vernon plantation because she was twice interviewed by abolitionist newspapers in the mid-1840s.

paragraph: Section::::Youth.

paragraph: Judge was born about 1773 at Mount Vernon. Her mother, , was an enslaved woman who worked as a seamstress; her father, Andrew Judge, was an English tailor working as an indentured servant at Mount Vernon - he, according to historian Erica Dunbar, was the man that made Washington’s military uniform, according to the manager’s account book for Mount Vernon. Oney had a half-brother, Austin (c. 1757 – December 1794), and later a half-sister, Delphy (c. 1779 – December 13, 1831).

paragraph: Betty had been among the 285 African persons enslaved by Martha Washington's first husband, Daniel Parke Custis (1711–1757). Custis died intestate (without a will), so his widow received a "dower share" – the lifetime use of one third of his estate, which included at least 85 enslaved Africans. Martha had control over these "dower" slaves, but did not have the legal power to sell or free them. Upon Martha's marriage to George Washington in 1759, the "dower slaves" came with her to Mount Vernon, including Betty and then-infant Austin.

paragraph: Under the legal principle of "partus sequitur ventrem", incorporated into Virginia colonial law in 1662, the legal status of a child was the same as that of the enslaved mother, no matter who the father was. Because Betty was a "dower slave", Austin, Oney and Delphy were also enslaved by the Custis Estate. Upon the completion of his indenture, Andrew Judge settled in Alexandria, Virginia, some 11 miles away.

paragraph: When she was around 10 years old, Judge was brought to live at the Mansion House at Mount Vernon, likely as a playmate for Martha Washington's granddaughter Nelly Custis. She eventually became the personal attendant or body servant to Martha Washington. In an interview when she was nearly 75, Oney said she had received no education under the Washingtons, nor religious instruction.

paragraph: Section::::The Presidential households.

paragraph: In 1789 Washington took seven enslaved Africans, including Judge, then 16, to New York City (then the nation's capital) to work in his presidential household; the others were her half-brother Austin, Giles, Paris, Moll, Christopher Sheels, and William Lee. Following the transfer of the national capital to Philadelphia in 1790, Judge was one of nine enslaved persons, two of whom were female, Washington took to that city to work in the President's House, together with Austin, Giles, Paris, Moll, Hercules, Richmond, Christopher Sheels, and "Postilion Joe" (Richardson).

paragraph: Section::::The Presidential households.:Gradual Abolition Act.

paragraph: With the 1780 Gradual Abolition Act, Pennsylvania became the first state to establish a process to emancipate its slaves. But no one was freed at first. The process was to play out over decades and not end until the death of the last enslaved person in Pennsylvania.

paragraph: The law immediately prohibited importation of slaves into the state, and required an annual registration of those already held there. But it also protected the property rights of Pennsylvania slaveholders—if a slaveholder failed to register his slaves, they would be confiscated and freed; but if a slaveholder complied with the state law and registered them every year, they would remain enslaved for life. Every future child of an enslaved mother would be born free, but the child was required to work as an indentured servant to the mother's master until age 28. A slaveholder from another state could reside in Pennsylvania with his personal slaves for up to six months, but if those slaves were held in Pennsylvania beyond that deadline, the law gave them the power to free themselves. Congress, then the only branch of the federal government, was meeting in Philadelphia in 1780 (it met there until 1783). Significantly, Pennsylvania exempted members of Congress from the Gradual Abolition Act.

paragraph: A 1788 amendment to the state law closed loopholes – such as prohibiting a Pennsylvania slaveholder from transporting a pregnant woman out of the state (so the child would be born enslaved) and prohibiting a non-resident slaveholder from rotating his slaves in and out of the state to prevent them from establishing the six-month Pennsylvania residency required to qualify for freedom This last point would affect the lives of Judge and the other people enslaved in the President's household.

paragraph: In March 1789, the U.S. Constitution was ratified, creating a federal government with three branches. New York City was the first national capital under the Constitution; it had no laws restricting slaveholding. In 1790, Congress transferred the national capital to Philadelphia for a ten-year period while the permanent national capital was under construction on the banks of the Potomac River. With the move, there was uncertainty about whether Pennsylvania's slavery laws would apply to officers of the federal government. By a strict interpretation, the Gradual Abolition Act exempted only slaveholding members of Congress. But there were slaveholders among the officers of the judicial branch (Supreme Court) and the executive branch, including the President of the United States.

paragraph: Washington contended (privately) that his presence in Philadelphia was solely a consequence of the city's being the temporary seat of the federal government. He held that he remained a resident of Virginia, and should not be bound by Pennsylvania law regarding slavery. Attorney General Edmund Randolph – also an officer of the executive branch – misunderstood the Pennsylvania law and lost his personal slaves after they established a six-month residency and claimed their freedom. Randolph immediately warned Washington to prevent the President's House slaves from doing the same, advising him to interrupt their residency by sending them out of the state. Such a rotation was a violation of the 1788 amendment, but Washington's actions were not challenged. He continued to rotate the President's House slaves in and out of Pennsylvania throughout his presidency. He also was careful never to spend six continuous months in Pennsylvania himself, which could be interpreted as establishing legal residency.

paragraph: Washington was on his Southern Tour in May 1791, when the first six-month deadline approached. Giles and Paris had left Pennsylvania with him in April; Austin and Richmond were sent back to Mount Vernon prior to the deadline to prevent them from qualifying for freedom. Martha Washington took Oney Judge and Christopher Sheels to Trenton, New Jersey, for two days to interrupt their Pennsylvania residency. Moll and Hercules were allowed to remain in Pennsylvania for a couple of days beyond the deadline, then traveled back to Mount Vernon with the First Lady.

paragraph: A 1791 proposal in the Pennsylvania legislature to amend the Gradual Abolition Act to extend Congress's exemption to all slaveholding officers of the federal government was abandoned after heated opposition by the Pennsylvania Abolition Society.

paragraph: In 1842, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in "Prigg v. Pennsylvania" that the 1788 amendment to the Gradual Abolition Act – specifically the section that empowered Pennsylvania to free the slaves of non-resident slaveholders – was unconstitutional.

paragraph: Section::::Escape.

paragraph: Judge fled as the Washingtons were preparing to return to Virginia for a short trip between sessions of Congress. Martha Washington had informed her that she was to be given as a wedding present (or otherwise later bequeathed) to Martha's granddaughter Elizabeth (Betsy) Parke Custis Law, known for her fierce temper. Judge recalled in an 1845 interview:

paragraph: Whilst they were packing up to go to Virginia, I was packing to go, I didn't know where; for I knew that if I went back to Virginia, I should never get my liberty. I had friends among the colored people of Philadelphia, had my things carried there beforehand, and left Washington's house while they were eating dinner.

paragraph: Runaway advertisements in Philadelphia newspapers document Judge's escape to freedom from the President's House on May 21, 1796. This one appeared in "The Philadelphia Gazette" on May 24, 1796:

paragraph: Absconded from the household of the President of the United States, ONEY JUDGE, a light mulatto girl, much freckled, with very black eyes and bushy hair. She is of middle stature, slender, and delicately formed, about 20 years of age.

paragraph: She has many changes of good clothes, of all sorts, but they are not sufficiently recollected to be described—As there was no suspicion of her going off, nor no provocation to do so, it is not easy to conjecture whither she has gone, or fully, what her design is; but as she may attempt to escape by water, all masters of vessels are cautioned against admitting her into them, although it is probable she will attempt to pass for a free woman, and has, it is said, wherewithal to pay her passage.

paragraph: Ten dollars will be paid to any person who will bring her home, if taken in the city, or on board any vessel in the harbour;—and a reasonable additional sum if apprehended at, and brought from a greater distance, and in proportion to the distance.

paragraph: FREDERICK KITT, Steward.

paragraph: May 23

paragraph: Section::::New Hampshire.

paragraph: Judge was secretly placed aboard the "Nancy", a ship piloted by Captain John Bowles and bound for Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She may have thought she had found safe haven, but that summer she was recognized on the streets of Portsmouth by Elizabeth Langdon, the teenage daughter of Senator John Langdon and a friend of Nelly Custis. Washington knew of Judge's whereabouts by September 1, when he wrote to Oliver Wolcott Jr., the Secretary of the Treasury, about having her captured and returned by ship.

paragraph: At Wolcott's request, Joseph Whipple, Portsmouth's collector of customs, interviewed Judge and reported back to him. The plan to capture her was abandoned after Whipple warned that news of an abduction could cause a riot on the docks by supporters of abolition. Whipple refused to place Judge on a ship against her will, but relayed to Wolcott her offer to return voluntarily to the Washingtons if they would guarantee to free her following their deaths.

paragraph: An indignant Washington responded himself to Whipple:

paragraph: I regret that the attempt you made to restore the Girl (Oney Judge as she called herself while with us, and who, without the least provocation absconded from her Mistress) should have been attended with so little Success. To enter into such a compromise with her, as she suggested to you, is totally inadmissible, for reasons that must strike at first view: for however well disposed I might be to a gradual abolition, or even to an entire emancipation of that description of People (if the latter was in itself practicable at this moment) it would neither be politic or just to reward unfaithfulness with a premature preference [of freedom]; and thereby discontent before hand the minds of all her fellow-servants who by their steady attachments are far more deserving than herself of favor.

paragraph: Washington could have used the federal courts to recover Judge Staines — the 1793 Fugitive Slave Act (which he had signed into law) required a legal process to return an escaped slave over state lines. Any court case, however, would have been part of the public record, and attracted unwelcome attention.

paragraph: Washington retired from the presidency in March 1797. In August 1799 he wrote to his nephew, Burwell Bassett Jr., requesting help in capturing Judge. Bassett traveled to New Hampshire in September, and tried to convince her to return. By this point she was married to a seaman named Jack Staines (who was away at sea) and was the mother of an infant. Bassett met with her, but she refused to return to Virginia with him. Bassett was Senator Langdon's houseguest that night, and over dinner he revealed his plan to kidnap her. This time Langdon helped Judge Staines, secretly sending word for her to immediately go into hiding. Bassett returned to Virginia without her.

paragraph: Following Judge's 1796 escape, her younger sister, Delphy, became the wedding present to Martha Washington's granddaughter. Eliza Custis Law and her husband manumitted Delphy and her children in 1807, after they were already living with her husband William Costin in Washington City.

paragraph: Section::::New Hampshire.:Family.

paragraph: In New Hampshire, Oney Judge met and married Jack Staines, a free black sailor. Their January 1797 marriage was listed in the town records of Greenland and published in the local newspaper. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eliza Staines (born 1798, died February 14, 1832, New Hampshire, no known offspring)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Will Staines (born 1801, death date & location unknown, no known offspring)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nancy Staines (born 1802, died February 11, 1833, New Hampshire, no known offspring)

paragraph: In freedom, Judge Staines learned to read and became a Christian. She and her husband had fewer than 7 years together; he died on October 19, 1803. As a widow, Judge Staines was unable to support her children and moved in with the family of John Jacks Jr. Her daughters Eliza and Nancy became wards of the town and were hired out as indentured servants; her son Will was apprenticed as a sailor.

paragraph: Judge Staines' daughters died fifteen years before she did. Her son reportedly never returned to Portsmouth. After the elder Jacks died, Rockingham County donated firewood and other supplies to Judge and the Jacks sisters, by then too old to work.

paragraph: Section::::Interviews on slavery.

paragraph: Interviews with Judge Staines were published in the May 1845 issue of "The Granite Freeman" and the January 1847 issue of "The Liberator", both abolitionist newspapers. They contained a wealth of details about her life. She described the Washingtons, their attempts to capture her, her opinions on slavery, her pride in having learned to read, and her strong religious faith. When asked whether she was sorry that she left the Washingtons, since she labored so much harder after her escape than before, she said: "No, I am free, and have, I trust, been made a child of God by the means."

paragraph: Section::::Never freed.

paragraph: George Washington died on December 14, 1799; he directed in his will that his 124 slaves be freed after his wife's death. Martha instead signed a deed of manumission in December 1800, and the slaves were free on January 1, 1801. The 153 or so dower slaves at Mount Vernon remained enslaved, as neither George nor Martha could legally free them.

paragraph: Following Martha Washington's death in 1802, the dower slaves reverted to the Custis estate, and were divided among the Custis heirs, her grandchildren.

paragraph: Judge Staines remained a dower slave all her life, and legally her children also were dower slaves, property of the Custis estate, despite the fact that their father, Jack Staines, was a free man. Article IV, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution guaranteed the property rights of slaveholders; this superseded Staines's parental rights.

paragraph: The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 — passed overwhelmingly by Congress and signed into law by Washington — established the legal mechanism by which a slaveholder could recover his property. The Act made it a federal crime to assist an escaped slave or to interfere with his capture, and allowed slave-catchers into every U.S. state and territory.

paragraph: Following Washington's death, Oney Judge Staines probably felt secure in New Hampshire, as no one else in his family was likely to mount an effort to take her. But legally, she and her children remained fugitives until their deaths. Her daughters predeceased her by more than a decade, and it is not known what happened to her son.

paragraph: Oney Judge Staines died in Greenland, New Hampshire, on February 25, 1848.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and honors.

paragraph: On February 25, 2008, the 160th anniversary of Judge's death, Philadelphia celebrated the first "Oney Judge Day" at the President's House site. The ceremony included speeches by historians and activists, a proclamation by Mayor Michael A. Nutter, and a memorial citation by the City Council.

paragraph: "Oney Judge Freedom Day," the 214th anniversary of her escape to freedom, was celebrated at the President's House site on May 21, 2010. The President's House Commemoration: "Freedom and Slavery in the Making of a New Nation," at 6th & Market Streets in Philadelphia, opened in December 2010. It includes a video about Oney Judge and information about all nine slaves held at the house. It also honors the contributions of African Americans to Philadelphia and the U.S.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Oney Judge Staines's life story has inspired fiction:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Taking Liberty" (2002), novel by Ann Rinaldi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Escape of Oney Judge" (2007) by Emily Arnold McCully (children's book).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Name Is Oney Judge" (2010) by Diane D. Turner (children's book).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oney:My Escape From Slavery" Novel (2017) by Diana Rubino and Piper Huguley

paragraph: and drama:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thirst for Freedom" (2000 drama) by Emory Wilson, produced that year at Player's Ring Theater, Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A House with No Walls" (2007 drama) by Thomas Gibbons, performed at InterAct Theater, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and throughout the United States.

paragraph: Other genres:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parallel Destinies" (2010) by choreographer Germaine Ingram, composer Bobby Zankel, and visual artist John Dowell is a dance/theater piece, a work-in-progress at the Philadelphia Folklore Project.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stand-up comedian Jen Kirkman recounts Oney Judge's life in an episode of the "Funny or Die" produced web video series, Drunk History.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The freedom Quest of Oney Judge (2015) HERO Live! from Colonial Williamsburg supports American history education for students in grades 4-8. Using 21st century technology and dramatizations with re-enactors to play the roles of historical figures, the HERO Live! programs are correlated to standards, providing a compelling learning experience.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Never Caught: The Washingtons' Relentless Pursuit of Their Runaway Slave, Ona Judge" by Erica Armstrong Dunbar

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Macomb House Second Presidential Mansion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hercules, Washington's cook at the Philadelphia Presidential Mansion, who later escaped to freedom from Mount Vernon

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of slaves

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Osgood House First Presidential Mansion.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two 1840s Articles on Oney Judge", "The Granite Freeman" (1845) and "The Liberator" (1847), at President's House website, US History

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Video) "Silent No Longer: The Story of Oney Judge", "Philadelphia Inquirer" (via YouTube)

alias:
Ona Judge
Oney Judge Staines
Judge, Oney
Judge, Ona
Staines, Oney Judge
Ona Judge Staines

description: fugitive slave, enslaved by Martha Washington

wikidata_label: Oney Judge

wikipedia_title: Oney Judge


text: O.P.

text: Kamień Śląski

text: Silesia

text: Poland

text: Odrowąż

text: Saint Hyacinth

text: Prague

text: theological

text: juridical

text: University of Bologna

text: Cracow

text: canon

text: Sandomierz

text: Ivo, Bishop of Cracow

text: Rome

text: Saint Dominic

text: Stefano di Fossa Nova

text: Order of Friars Preachers

text: Saint Dominic

text: basilica

text: Santa Sabina

text: Hyacinth

text: Dominican Order

text: Santa Maria sopra Minerva

text: novitiate

text: religious habit

text: novitiate

text: friars

text: missionaries

text: friary

text: Friesach

text: Austria

text: Prague

text: Bohemia

text: Diocese of Prague

text: Wrocław

text: priory

text: apostolic

text: Pomerania

text: Saxony

text: Provincial Superior

text: Mongols

text: besieged

text: blessed

text: cult

text: Pope Clement XI

text: "St. Ceslas, Confessor"

text: Ceslaus

text: Catholic Encyclopedia

categories: 1240s deaths,1180s births,People from Silesia,Odrowąż family,13th-century Christian saints,Polish Dominicans,Polish beatified people

paragraph: Ceslaus

paragraph: Blessed Ceslaus, O.P., () (c. 1184 – c. 1242) was born in Kamień Śląski in Silesia, Poland, of the noble family of Odrowąż, and was a relative, possibly the brother, of Saint Hyacinth.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Having studied philosophy at Prague, he pursued his theological and juridical studies at the University of Bologna, after which he returned to Cracow, where he held the office of canon and custodian of the church of Sandomierz.

paragraph: About 1218 he accompanied his uncle Ivo, Bishop of Cracow, to Rome. Hearing of the great sanctity of Saint Dominic, who had recently been attributed the miracle of resuscitating the nephew of Cardinal Stefano di Fossa Nova who had been killed in a fall from his horse, Ceslaus, together with St. Hyacinth, sought admission into the Order of Friars Preachers.

paragraph: In 1219 Pope Honorius III invited Saint Dominic and his companions to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220. Hyacinth and Ceslaus along with their companions Herman and Henry were among the first to enter the "studium" of the Dominican Order at Rome out of which would grow the 16th-century College of Saint Thomas at Santa Maria sopra Minerva and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, "Angelicum" in the 20th century. After an abbreviated novitiate Ceslaus, Hyacinth and their companions received the religious habit of the Order from St. Dominic himself in 1220.

paragraph: Their novitiate completed, St. Dominic sent the young friars back as missionaries to their own country. Establishing a friary at Friesach in Austria, they proceeded to Cracow whence Ceslaus was sent by St. Hyacinth to Prague, the metropolis of Bohemia.

paragraph: Labouring with much fruit throughout the Diocese of Prague, Ceslaus went to Wrocław, where he founded a large priory, and then extended his apostolic labours over a vast territory, embracing Bohemia, Poland, Pomerania, and Saxony.

paragraph: Sometime after the death of St. Hyacinth he was chosen the Provincial Superior for Poland. Whilst he was superior of the convent of Wrocław all Poland was threatened by the Mongols. The city of Wrocław being besieged, the people sought the aid of Blessed Ceslaus, who by his prayers miraculously averted the impending calamity. Four persons are said to have been raised to life by him. He died at Wrocław.

paragraph: Having always been venerated as a blessed, his cult was finally confirmed by Pope Clement XI in 1713. His feast is celebrated throughout the Dominican Order on 16 July.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "St. Ceslas, Confessor", "Butler's Lives of the Saints"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ceslaus at the Catholic Encyclopedia

description: 13th-century Christian saint

wikidata_label: Ceslaus

wikipedia_title: Ceslaus


text: Maracaibo

text: Venezuela

text: Venezuela

text: Hugo Chávez

text: Bolivarian Circles

text: Miami

text: Televen

text: United States

text: Pedro León Zapata

text: Globovisión

text: Hugo Chávez

text: Miami

text: El País de las mujeres

text: Elizabeth

text: José Ignacio Cabrujas

text: Official Page

text: Orlando Urdaneta in VenCOR

categories: Venezuelan exiles,Venezuelan emigrants to the United States,American people of Venezuelan descent,Venezuelan male actors,1946 births,Venezuelan male telenovela actors,Living people,People from Maracaibo,Venezuelan television presenters

paragraph: Orlando Urdaneta

paragraph: Orlando Urdaneta (b. October 24, 1950 - Maracaibo, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan actor and television personality. He was one of the most outspoken critics of President Hugo Chávez and his fear of retaliation from the Bolivarian Circles made him decide to live in a self-imposed exile in Miami. He worked in "La hora de Orlando" which was broadcast by La Familia Cosmovision in Miami. He currently works for Telefutura Network's nightly program "Noche de Perros."

paragraph: Urdaneta received in 1997 the "Premio Municipal de Teatro", awarded the best actor and the best theater actor by "La Casa del Artista" in 1999. During the years 1998 and 1999, he also won the award as best actor from the "Asociación Nacional de Artistas Cinematográficos" (ANAC) for his role in "Pandemonium" and "Cien Años de Perdón". As co-writer of "Pandemonium", he won the award for the best film screenplay by "La Casa del Artista".

paragraph: He has hosted over the years several TV and radio programs, such as "La Rueda de la Fortuna", "D'Noche, Estudio 15", "Buenos Días Venezuela", "Orlando con Orlando", and "Almorzando con Orlando", the latter seen on Televen in 2004. Also "Aquí entre nos" was seen throughout Latin America and the United States. On radio, he hosted with Pedro León Zapata, a humor and political satire program entitled "Pájaro que vas volando". However, it was with his programs "Titulares de Mañana" and "La Hora de Orlando", broadcast by Globovisión, that his criticism against the policies of Hugo Chávez became more vocal. The presentation of his theater production, "Orlando en Cadena" was sabotaged during July 2002 by the Bolivarian Circles and some of the public was allegedly attacked.

paragraph: In the 1980s he lived in the Dominican Republic. In July 2004, he decided to move to Miami, United States, with his wife, Morella Ramia, and their two daughters.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Telenovelas and TV appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Noche de Perros" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Planeta de 6" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Radio Pirata" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El País de las mujeres" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mon enfant" ("Bambino mio") (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gardenia" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Señorita Perdomo" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Goajirita" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elizabeth" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daniela" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Fiera" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Zulianita" (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Mujer prohibida" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Loba" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peregrina" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lucecita" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Corazón de madre" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sacrificio" (1967)

paragraph: Section::::Theater.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Orlando en Cadena"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Divorciarme yo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Don Juan", directed by Antonio Constante

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Los Hombros de América", directed by José Ignacio Cabrujas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cartas de amor", directed by Miriam Dembo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pares y Nines", directed by Fausto Verdial

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview published by the Newspaper El Nacional (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orlando Urdaneta in VenCOR

description: Venezuelan actor

wikidata_label: Orlando Urdaneta

wikipedia_title: Orlando Urdaneta


text:
Matsudaira Yoshikazu
Takasu Domain
Mino Province
Tokugawa Harumori
Mito Domain
Matsudaira Katahiro
Matsudaira Kataoki
attainder
rōjū
Satake Yoshimasa
Kubota Domain
Maeda Narinaga
Kaga Domain
Ii Naosuke
Tokugawa shogunate
Matsudaira Katamori
Matsudaira Yoshitatsu
Hoshina clan
"Aizu-han" on "Edo 300 HTML"

categories: Mito-Tokugawa family,Aizu-Matsudaira clan,Shinpan daimyo,1806 births,1852 deaths,Owarirenshi-Matsudaira clan

paragraph: Matsudaira Katataka

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Matsudaira Katataka was born to Matsudaira Yoshikazu, the "daimyō" of Takasu Domain, in Mino Province, and was the grandson of Tokugawa Harumori of Mito Domain. HIs youth name was Keizaburō (慶三郎). With the unexpected death of Matsudaira Katahiro without heir following so soon after Matsudaira Kataoki, the domain was in danger of attainder. To prevent this, the "rōjū" of the domain renamed Keizaburō as Katataka and passed him off to the shogunal authorities as a posthumous son of Matsudaira Kataoki, and thus a younger brother to Katahiro. The ruse worked, and he officially became "daimyō" in 1822 with the courtesy title of "Higo-no-kami". This was changed to "Sakonoe-gon-shōshō" in 1825 and to "Sakonoe-gon-chūshō" in 1827.

paragraph: He was wed to a daughter of Satake Yoshimasa of Kubota Domain, and re-wed after her death to a daughter of Maeda Narinaga of Kaga Domain, but he had only three daughters and no male heir.

paragraph: Though Katataka was praised by Ii Naosuke as a loyal servant of the Tokugawa shogunate, his fame was to be ultimately eclipsed by his adopted son Matsudaira Katamori (the son of his birth brother Matsudaira Yoshitatsu).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoshina clan

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: "The content of much of this article was derived from that of the corresponding article on Japanese Wikipedia.’'

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aizu-han" on "Edo 300 HTML" )

paragraph: BULLET::::- Noguchi Shin'ichi (2005). "Aizu-han". Tokyo: Gendai shokan.

description: daimyo of the late Edo period; 8th lord of Aizu

wikidata_label: Matsudaira Katataka

wikipedia_title: Matsudaira Katataka


text: Earl

text: The 9th Earl of Northumberland

text: The 9th Earl of Kildare

text: Elizabeth, Countess of Kildare

text: Kildare

text: Geraldines

text: Silken Thomas

text: Tyburn

text: Ireland

text: Tír Chonaill

text: County Donegal

text: Ulster

text: Lady

text: Manus O'Donnell

text: Thomond

text: Earldom of Kildare

text: County Monaghan

text: The Pale

text: King Henry VIII

text: Francis I of France

text: Charles V

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Liège

text: Ercole Cardinal Gonzaga

text: Lord Bishop of Mantua

text: scion

text: House of Gonzaga

text: Regent

text: Duchy of Mantua

text: Cardinal

text: Renaissance

text: Italy

text: Rome

text: Reginald Cardinal Pole

text: Lord Archbishop of Canterbury

text: Knights of Rhodes

text: Tripoli

text: Knights of St. John

text: Edward VI

text: Mary I

text: Sir Thomas Wyatt

text: Earl of Kildare

text: alchemy

text: Kilkea Castle

text: the Renaissance

text: The 8th Earl of Kildare

text: Roman Catholic

text: Earl of Kildare

text: Lord Deputies

text: treason

text: Dublin Castle

text: Tower of London

text: Queen Elizabeth

text: Parliament of Ireland

text: Kilkea Castle

text: Mabel Browne

text: Sir Anthony Browne

text: Master of the Horse

text: Elizabeth FitzGerald

text: Chapel Royal

text: Bishop of Kildare

text: Donnchadh MacConchobhair O'Brien

text: Earl of Thomond

text: Mary Boleyn

text: Lettice Digby, 1st Baroness Offaly

text: Sir Robert Digby

text: Jane Digby

text: Frances Howard

text: Christopher Nugent

text: Baron Delvin

text: Karen Harper

categories: 1525 births,People of Elizabethan Ireland,FitzGerald dynasty,1585 deaths

paragraph: Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare

paragraph: Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare (1525 – 16 November 1585), also known as the "Wizard Earl" (a sobriquet also given to The 9th Earl of Northumberland), was an Irish peer. He was the son of The 9th Earl of Kildare and his second wife Elizabeth, Countess of Kildare.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Young Lord Kildare became the sole male representative of the Kildare Geraldines at the age of twelve, after his half-brother, Silken Thomas, the tenth earl, was executed at Tyburn in February 1537 with five of his uncles. He spent the next few years on the run in Ireland and spent some time in Tír Chonaill (now mainly County Donegal) in Ulster, under the guardianship of his aunt, Lady Eleanor McCarthy, the wife of Manus O'Donnell, "An Ó Domhnaill". The short-lived Geraldine League, a federation including the O'Neills, the O'Donnells, the O'Briens of Thomond, and other powerful Irish clans related to the Geraldines through marriages, formed around FitzGerald's claim to the Earldom of Kildare. The League came to nothing, however, after the principal members were badly defeated in modern-day County Monaghan following a raid into The Pale in August 1539.

paragraph: FitzGerald escaped Ireland with a few loyal servants and was protected from King Henry VIII and his agents by both Francis I of France and Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire. He was educated at a monastery in Liège, and later spent time with Ercole Cardinal Gonzaga, Lord Bishop of Mantua, a scion of the House of Gonzaga and the effective 'Regent' of the Duchy of Mantua. Due to his time in the Cardinal's court, FitzGerald was fluent in Italian and experienced the court culture of "Renaissance" Italy. From there, he then moved on to Rome, and for three years studied under the guidance of his kinsman, Reginald Cardinal Pole, later Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.

paragraph: During his exile from Ireland, FitzGerald fought with the Knights of Rhodes against the Turks and travelled as far as Tripoli in Libya, then held by the Knights of St. John. Following the death of Henry VIII in 1547, he travelled to England and was received at the court of Edward VI. The young king restored the Kildare lands to him at this time.

paragraph: During the reign of Mary I, FitzGerald assisted in suppressing the rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt in 1554. He was then restored as Earl of Kildare and Baron of Offaly. He returned to Ireland soon after.

paragraph: Lord Kildare had a keen interest in alchemy, which caused much speculation among those living around Kilkea Castle. He was rumoured to possess magic powers, and thus earned the nickname "the Wizard Earl". He was a highly intelligent and cultivated man, "a product of the Renaissance", but he seems to have lacked the political skills of his grandfather, The 8th Earl of Kildare, who virtually ruled Ireland for 35 years, and in the turbulent political atmosphere of the 1560s and 70s he was increasingly vulnerable to attack, especially since he openly professed the Roman Catholic faith. He was also unfortunate in being the father-in-law of Lord Delvin, who was suspected of treason throughout his career.

paragraph: His restoration as Earl of Kildare aroused the hostility of many, both Old English and New English, and successive Lord Deputies, and throughout his career he was frequently accused of treason, and was imprisoned in Dublin Castle and later in the Tower of London. He owed his survival mainly to the personal regard of Queen Elizabeth, who twice dismissed the charges of treason against him. He conformed to the Protestant religion in the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. In his last years although technically a free man he was forbidden to leave London, save that he was permitted to take his seat in the Parliament of Ireland which met in Dublin during April–May 1585.

paragraph: Lord Kildare died in London, still in a condition of semi-captivity, on 16 November 1585.

paragraph: According to legend, his ghost returns to Kilkea Castle every seventh year, mounted on a silver-shod white charger.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: While at the court of Edward VI, FitzGerald met Mabel Browne, daughter of Sir Anthony Browne, Master of the Horse and his first wife Alice Gage; after Alice's death Anthony became the first husband of FitzGerald's sister, Elizabeth FitzGerald. Kildare and Mabel Browne married during the reign of Mary I on 28 May 1554, in the Chapel Royal.

paragraph: Amongst a certain branch of the FitzGerald's there was a belief/legend that the 11th Earl of Kildare had been married to an Ellinor O'Kelly by Thomas Leverous (later Bishop of Kildare) in 1545. This resulted in the birth of the progenitor of this branch of the FitzGerald's. However, the date purported for the marriage seems unlikely given the timescale and that there would not be some written sources to confirm this event (the marriage to the head of the house of Kildare would always attract notice).

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.:Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Lady Elizabeth FitzGerald (d. 12 January 1617), married Donnchadh MacConchobhair O'Brien, the 4th Earl of Thomond, by whom she had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Lord Gerald FitzGerald, Lord Offaly, Lord Garratt (28 December 1559 – June 1580), married in October 1578, Catherine Knollys, a granddaughter of Mary Boleyn. They had a daughter Lettice Digby, 1st Baroness Offaly who married Sir Robert Digby. These were the direct ancestors of the celebrated 19th-century adventuress Jane Digby.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Lord Henry "Na Tuagh" FitzGerald, 12th Earl of Kildare, (1562–1597), married Lady Frances Howard, by whom he had female issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Lord William FitzGerald, 13th Earl of Kildare (d. April 1599), died unmarried.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Lady Mary FitzGerald (d. 1 October 1610), married Christopher Nugent, 6th Baron Delvin, by whom she had issue.

paragraph: Mabel died in 1610, much troubled in her last years by a lawsuit brought by her granddaughter Lettice, claiming that the Earl's will had been fraudulently altered.

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: Gerald FitzGerald appears in "The Irish Princess" by Karen Harper, a fictional portrayal of the life of FitzGerald's sister, Elizabeth FitzGerald.

description: Irish Earl

wikidata_label: Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare

wikipedia_title: Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare


text:
Vancouver
keyboard
programmer
Left Spine Down
electro-industrial
Front Line Assembly
punk rock
Chris Peterson
Jared Slingerland
Nitzer Ebb
Bauhaus
Apoptygma Berzerk
Bloc Party
VNV Nation
The Killers
Genitorturers
ohGr
The Birthday Massacre
Revolting Cocks
Jim Rose
16volt
Eric Powell
Chemlab
Improvised Electronic Device
Al Jourgensen
Justin Hagberg
3 Inches of Blood
Artificial Soldier
Fallout
Improvised Electronic Device
AirMech
Echogenetic
Echoes
WarMech
Smartbomb
Fighting for Voltage
Music Box Opera
Left Spine Down
Front Line Assembly
Noise Unit
Synthetic Entertainment
Left Spine Down's MySpace page
Official Left Spine Down website
www.mindphaser.com
Noise Unit
Front Line Assembly
Artificial Soldier

categories: Left Spine Down members,Canadian industrial musicians,1983 births,Canadian electronic musicians,2018 deaths,Front Line Assembly members

paragraph: Jeremy Inkel

paragraph: Jeremy Inkel (8 February 1983 – 11 January 2018) was a Canadian electronic musician based in Vancouver. He was best known as a keyboard player and programmer for Left Spine Down (LSD) and electro-industrial band Front Line Assembly (FLA) as well as producing tracks for various well known musicians worldwide.

paragraph: By 2003, Inkel co-founded Left Spine Down with kAINE D3L4Y and Matt Girvan. Their like-mindedness for punk rock and electronic music brought them together, performing as headliners as well as openers for touring acts in Vancouver. After beginning work on LSD's first album, "Fighting for Voltage" with Chris Peterson, Inkel was welcomed into Front Line Assembly in 2005. He co-wrote and -produced the full-length album "Artificial Soldier" (released in 2006). FLA then brought Inkel (as well as LSD alumni Jared Slingerland) on tour to promote the "Artificial Soldier" album. They quickly followed up with the remix album "Fallout", touring worldwide for two years with the group, and co-headlining various festivals such as Mera Luna, Summer Darkness, and Amphi Festival (featuring notable acts such as Nitzer Ebb, Bauhaus, Apoptygma Berzerk, Bloc Party, VNV Nation, The Killers and others).

paragraph: He was also in the lineup for FLA to play in Russia for the first time. It was during these tours with FLA that Inkel was able to introduce the world to his other band, Left Spine Down, via the means of their "Smartbomb" EP released on the Synthetic Sounds label.

paragraph: 2008 and 2009 saw Inkel and Left Spine Down open for acts such as The Genitorturers, ohGr, The Birthday Massacre, and the Revolting Cocks' North American Lubricatour (with Jim Rose, Blownload and Left Spine Down as guests). It was then when Inkel began working with 16volt's Eric Powell, providing his services on their new album "American Porn Songs" ("To Hell") and coordinating LSD's appearance on the North American MIDI GHETTO TOUR, which consisted of thirty-three performances with 16volt and Chemlab in Spring of 2010.

paragraph: In 2009, Inkel returned to Front Line Assembly, co-writing and co-producing the full-length album "Improvised Electronic Device", and the single "Shifting Through the Lens". The albums were released in 2010. As a result of Inkel's experience touring with The Revolting Cocks, he enlisted Al Jourgensen to co-produce, mix, and perform vocals for the track "Stupidity", alongside Justin Hagberg, guitarist and vocalist for 3 Inches of Blood.

paragraph: Inkel died in East Vancouver on 11 January 2018, aged 34, following complications from asthma.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Noise Unit.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 "Voyeur"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Front Line Assembly.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Artificial Soldier"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Fallout"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Improvised Electronic Device"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "AirMech"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Echogenetic"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Echoes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "WarMech"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Left Spine Down.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "Click" EP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Smartbomb" EP

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Fighting for Voltage"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 ""

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 ""

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Caution"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Delerium.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Music Box Opera"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Left Spine Down

paragraph: BULLET::::- Front Line Assembly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Noise Unit

paragraph: BULLET::::- Synthetic Entertainment

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Left Spine Down's MySpace page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Left Spine Down website

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.mindphaser.com, featuring information on the Noise Unit album "Voyeur and the Front Line Assembly album Artificial Soldier.

description: Canadian musician

wikidata_label: Jeremy Inkel

wikipedia_title: Jeremy Inkel


text:
funk
soul jazz
saxophonist
James Brown
Parliament-Funkadelic
alto
tenor
baritone saxophone
Kinston, North Carolina
piano and
drums
Melvin
trombone
James Brown
drummer
Fred Wesley
George Clinton's
Parliament-Funkadelic
Candy Dulfer
De La Soul
Buhloone Mindstate
Prince
The New Power Generation
Jane's Addiction
Kettle Whistle
What Would You Say
Dave Matthews Band
Live in Chicago 12.19.98
the O2 arena
WDR
Ray Charles
Chicago Review Press
Selmer Mark VI
Vandoren
Craig Robinson
Get on Up
Maceo Parker

categories: 1943 births,African-American musicians,People from Kinston, North Carolina,American bandleaders,American male saxophonists,P-Funk members,American jazz saxophonists,American funk saxophonists,James Brown Orchestra members,21st-century saxophonists,Soul-jazz musicians,Heads Up International artists,The New Power Generation members,The J.B.'s members,Living people,Jazz musicians from North Carolina

paragraph: Maceo Parker

paragraph: Maceo Parker (; born February 14, 1943) is an American funk and soul jazz saxophonist, best known for his work with James Brown in the 1960s, as well as Parliament-Funkadelic in the 1970s. Parker was a prominent soloist on many of Brown's hit recordings, and a key part of his band, playing alto, tenor and baritone saxophones. Since the early 1990s, he has toured under his own name.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Parker was born in Kinston, North Carolina. Parker's father played piano and drums in addition to singing in church with Parker's mother; his brother Melvin played drums and his brother Kellis played the trombone. Parker and his brother Melvin joined James Brown in 1964; in his autobiography, Brown claims that he originally wanted Melvin as his drummer, but agreed to additionally take Maceo under his wing as part of the deal. In 1970, Parker, his brother Melvin, and a few of Brown's band members left to establish the band Maceo & All the King's Men, which toured for two years.

paragraph: In January 1973, Parker rejoined with James Brown. He also charted a single "Parrty – Part I" (#71 pop singles) with Maceo & the Macks that year. In 1975, Parker and some of Brown's band members, including Fred Wesley, left to join George Clinton's band Parliament-Funkadelic. Parker once again re-joined James Brown from 1984 to 1988.

paragraph: In the 1990s, Parker began a solo career. His first album of this period "Roots Revisited" spent 10 weeks at the top of the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Charts. To date he has released 11 solo albums since 1990. His band has been billed as "the greatest little funk orchestra on earth" and the "million-dollar support band". Parker's 1992 live album "Life on Planet Groove" is considered to be his seminal live album, marking his first collaboration with Dutch saxophonist Candy Dulfer.

paragraph: In 1993, Parker made guest appearances on hip hop group De La Soul's album "Buhloone Mindstate". In the late 1990s, Parker began contributing semi-regularly to recordings by Prince and accompanying his band, The New Power Generation, on tour. He also played on the Jane's Addiction track "My Cat's Name Is Maceo" for their 1997 compilation album "Kettle Whistle". In 1998, Parker performed as a guest on "What Would You Say" on a Dave Matthews Band concert, which also became one of their live albums, "Live in Chicago 12.19.98".

paragraph: In 2007, Parker performed as part of Prince's band for Prince's 21 nights at the O2 arena. Parker also played as part of Prince's band for his 21-night stay at LA's Forum in 2011.

paragraph: Parker's album "Roots & Grooves" with the WDR Big Band is a tribute to Ray Charles, whom Parker cites as one of his most important influences. The album won a Jammie for best Jazz Album in 2009. Parker followed this up with another collaboration with WDR Big Band in 2012 with the album "Soul Classics".

paragraph: In October 2011, Parker was inducted in the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame.

paragraph: In July 2012, Parker was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from Victoires Du Jazz in Paris. He continues touring, headlining many jazz festivals in Europe and doing as many as 290 concerts a year.

paragraph: In May 2016, Parker received The North Carolina Heritage Award from his home state.

paragraph: Section::::Autobiography.

paragraph: In February 2013, Parker published his autobiography, "98% Funky Stuff: My Life in Music" with the publisher Chicago Review Press.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Maceo plays a gold-plated Selmer Mark VI alto saxophone and the mouthpiece he uses is a #3 Brilhart Ebolin. Maceo's reed of choice is the Vandoren Java, size 3 and a half.

paragraph: Section::::In Media.

paragraph: Parker was portrayed by Craig Robinson in the 2014 James Brown biopic "Get on Up".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maceo Parker official website

description: American saxophonist and composer

wikidata_label: Maceo Parker

wikipedia_title: Maceo Parker


text:
Hellenistic
Seleucid Empire
queen consort
Syrian
Alexander Balas
Demetrius II Nicator
Antiochus VII Sidetes
Antiochus VIII Grypus
Ptolemy VI
Cleopatra II
Alexander Balas
Ptolemais Akko
Antiochus VI Dionysus
Demetrius II
Parthia
Antiochus VII Sidetes
Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
Cyzicus
Asia Minor
Antiochus VIII Grypus
Cleopatra III
Ptolemy VIII
Attalus III
Pergamum
Seleucus V Philometor
Antiochus VIII Grypus
Phraates II of Parthia
List of Syrian monarchs
Timeline of Syrian history

categories: Ancient women regents,Deaths by poisoning,2nd-century BC Seleucid rulers,2nd-century BC women rulers,Seleucid rulers,Women in the Old Testament apocrypha,160s BC births,Seleucid royal consorts,121 BC deaths,Ptolemaic princesses

paragraph: Cleopatra Thea

paragraph: Cleopatra Thea (, which means "Cleopatra the Goddess"; c. 164 – 121 BC) surnamed Eueteria (i.e., "good-harvest/fruitful season") was the ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. She was queen consort of Syria from 150 to about 125 BC as the wife of three Syrian kings: Alexander Balas, Demetrius II Nicator, and Antiochus VII Sidetes. She ruled Syria from 125 BC after the death of Demetrius II Nicator, eventually in co-regency with her son Antiochus VIII Grypus until 121 or 120 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Childhood and first marriage.

paragraph: Cleopatra Thea grew up in Egypt as the daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II. She was probably born ca. 164 BC. She may have been engaged to her uncle Ptolemy VIII king of Cyrene in 154, but he eventually married her sister Cleopatra III. In 150 BC she married Alexander Balas in a sumptuous ceremony at Ptolemais Akko. The marriage produced a son named Antiochus VI Dionysus.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Divorce and later marriages.

paragraph: In 145 BC her father invaded Syria, defeated Alexander Balas in battle and remarried her to Demetrius II, only to die a few days later. Demetrius set himself up as co-ruler with the young boy Antiochus VI, but may have killed him in 142 BC.

paragraph: In 139 BC Demetrius II was captured fighting against the Parthians and was held prisoner by them until 129 BC. After Demetrius was captured, his younger brother, Antiochus VII Sidetes, who was raised in the city of Side in Pamphylia, came to Syria and took the throne, marrying Cleopatra Thea in 138 BC. Cleopatra Thea bore him at least one son, Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. The names of any other children are uncertain.

paragraph: In 129 BC, the Parthians released Demetrius II, as a political manoeuvre against Sidetes, to claim his throne and his wife.

paragraph: That same year Sidetes was killed fighting the Parthians. Cleopatra had taken the precaution of sending Antiochus IX (her son by Antiochus VII) to Cyzicus in Asia Minor (hence his surname). Demetrius returned home and regained his throne, taking Cleopatra Thea as his wife by his side.

paragraph: In 132/131 BC Cleopatra Thea's mother, Cleopatra II of Egypt rebelled against her brother Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Tryphon. In 127 BC Cleopatra II fled to her son-in-law Demetrius' court in Syria.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later years as co-regent.

paragraph: Demetrius' elder son, Seleucus, became king with the name Seleucus V in 125 BC; however, his mother, Cleopatra Thea, had him murdered soon after. From 125 BC to 121 BC, Cleopatra ruled Syria and to legitimize her reign, she shared the throne with her son, Antiochus VIII Grypus. Antiochus VIII was married to Tryphaena, the daughter of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III.

paragraph: Grypus became less controllable as he grew up and in 121 BC Cleopatra Thea decided to eliminate him. As he returned from a hunt one day, she offered him a cup of wine. Since this was not common behavior for her, Grypus was suspicious and forced her to drink the wine, which killed her.

paragraph: Grypus re-organised the state and for the next eight years he provided stability and financial recovery. This period would end ca. 114 BC, when Cleopatra Thea's other son, Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, returned to Syria to claim the throne and civil war started again.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Cleopatra Thea was a daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II of Egypt. She had two brothers named Ptolemy Eupator and Ptolemy respectively. Her sister Cleopatra III was Queen of Egypt and married to Ptolemy VIII, an uncle, who had been a former co-ruler of Cleopatra Thea’s parents. It is possible that Berenice, the fiancée of Attalus III, king of Pergamum is another sister.

paragraph: Cleopatra Thea married three times:

paragraph: BULLET::::- She married Alexander Balas (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος Βάλας) in about 150 BC. This union produced Antiochus VI Dionysus. Alexander Balas was neither popular, nor an efficient ruler. The marriage was dissolved by her father. Alexander Balas died in battle against Demetrius II of Syria in 145 BC.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleopatra Thea married Demetrius II Nicator (Greek: Δημήτριος Νικάτωρ) in 145 BC. Demetrius became a captive of the Parthians from 139-129 BC. He was assassinated in Tyre in 125 BC at the orders of his wife Cleopatra Thea. Demetrius and Cleopatra Thea had at least two sons–Seleucus V Philometor, who was killed by his mother for taking the crown without her permission; and Antiochus VIII Grypus, who eventually killed his mother in turn. They also had a daughter Laodice, whom Phraates II of Parthia captured and later married for her beauty.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleopatra Thea married Demetrius' younger brother Antiochus VII Sidetes in 137 BC after Demetrius was captured by the Parthians. Cleopatra and Antiochus VII had at least one son: Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. They also likely had two other sons named Antiochus and Seleucus and one or two daughters named Laodice.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Syrian monarchs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of Syrian history

description: Egyptian Queen

wikidata_label: Cleopatra Thea

wikipedia_title: Cleopatra Thea


text:
Puerto Rican
danza
a.k.a.
Ponce, Puerto Rico
Venezuela
Puerto Rico
Guy V. Henry
Monserrate Ferrer Otero
Juan Morel Campos
danza
organist
St. Patrick's Cathedral
relief sculpture
Concha Acustica de Ponce
Antonio Paoli
Juan Ríos Ovalle
List of Puerto Ricans
List of Puerto Rican songwriters
List of people from Ponce, Puerto Rico

categories: 1923 deaths,1865 births,Puerto Rican male composers,Puerto Rican composers

paragraph: Julio C. Arteaga

paragraph: Julio C. Arteaga (29 October 1867 – 1923) was a Puerto Rican musician and composer of danzas.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Julio Carlos de Arteaga Matheu (a.k.a., Julio Carlos Arteaga Matheu) was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, on 29 October 1867 to Diego Arteaga Lopez, from Venezuela, and Isabel Matheu. He had two siblings, Juan Jose and Herminia Isabel.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: A composer and musician from Puerto Rico, Arteaga's musical performances were not limited to Puerto Rico, and he traveled to New York City often performing there as well. Among his many musical awards, at a music competition in Paris he won First Prize in Piano Performance in 1890.

paragraph: Section::::Music school.

paragraph: After teaching music theory and music lessons out of his home for a while, in 1898 he co-founded the "Asociación Musical de Puerto Rico" (Puerto Rico Music Association). In that same year he and Felipe Gutiérrez Espinosa, another outstanding Puerto Rican composer, approached Governor Guy V. Henry with a proposal to establish a music institute in San Juan. While the project never materialized due to lack of interest in Governor Henry's administration, it gave birth to the idea of establishing music schools independent of the public instruction system.

paragraph: Together with his wife, Nicolasa Torruellas, he founded the Arteaga Academy in Ponce, where they taught piano, music theory, organ, and

paragraph: voice, among others. Among his pupils was Monserrate Ferrer Otero ("Monsita Ferrer"), and Mercedes Arias. This last one, Mercedes Arias, was the failed love of Juan Morel Campos, the woman he loved but could never marry, and on whom Morel Campos found inspiration for several of his great masterpiece danzas, including ""Maldito Amor"" (Damned Love), ""No Me Toques"" (Don't Touch Me) and ""Alma Sublime"" (Sublime Soul). He returned to New York City where he had studied violin and works as organist at St. Patrick's Cathedral from 1920 to 1923. He died in New York City in 1923.

paragraph: Section::::Family life.

paragraph: Arteaga married Daría Nicolasa Torruellas, also a musician, with whom he had five children, four boys (including Pedro [1903–], and Julio Carlos [1907–]), and a girl. The girl, Genoveva, would become an outstanding musician herself.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- There is a relief sculpture on the right front wall face of the Concha Acustica de Ponce engraved with his face and shoulders as well as his name. His is the center sculpture: to his left is Antonio Paoli and to the right is Juan Ríos Ovalle.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A music school in New York City has his name.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Urbanizacion Perla del Sur, in Ponce, there is a street named after him.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Puerto Ricans

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Puerto Rican songwriters

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of people from Ponce, Puerto Rico

description: Puerto Rico musician and composer

wikidata_label: Julio C. Arteaga

wikipedia_title: Julio C. Arteaga


text:
Roman
senator
suffect consul
Publius Licinius Pansa
praetor
legatus
Roman legion
Legio I Adiutrix
Brigetio
Roman Britain
Legio VII Gemina
Hispania Tarraconensis
Anthony Birley
Pannonia Inferior
Werner Eck

categories: 2nd-century Romans,Ancient Romans in Britain,Roman legates,Imperial Roman praetors,Senators of the Roman Empire,Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome,Roman governors of Pannonia Inferior,Attii

paragraph: Lucius Attius Macro

paragraph: Lucius Attius Macro was a Roman senator and general, who was active during the early second century. He was suffect consul in the later part of AD 134 as the colleague of Publius Licinius Pansa. He is known entirely from inscriptions.

paragraph: After serving as praetor, Macro was "legatus" or commander of two Roman legions: Legio I Adiutrix, which was stationed at Brigetio in Roman Britain; and Legio VII Gemina, which was stationed in Hispania Tarraconensis. Senators rarely commanded more than one legion in their career; in compiling a list of all men known to have commanded two or more, Anthony Birley identified only 33 men. Attius Macro is also attested as governor of Pannonia Inferior immediately before he acceded to the consulate; Werner Eck dates his tenure in that province from the year 130 to 134.

paragraph: After he stepped down from the consulate, the life of Attius Macro is a blank.

description: Roman senator and consul of 134

wikidata_label: Lucius Attius Macro

wikipedia_title: Lucius Attius Macro


text:
alpine skier
three events
1948 Winter Olympics

categories: Austrian male alpine skiers,1922 births,1999 deaths,Olympic alpine skiers of Austria,Alpine skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics,Sportspeople from Tyrol (state)

paragraph: Engelbert Haider

paragraph: Engelbert Haider (20 April 1922 – 12 November 1999) was an Austrian alpine skier. He competed in three events at the 1948 Winter Olympics.

description: German alpine skier

wikidata_label: Engelbert Haider

wikipedia_title: Engelbert Haider


text:
alpine skier
threeo events
1948 Winter Olympics

categories: Slovak male alpine skiers,1920 births,Alpine skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics,People from Kladno,1981 deaths,Olympic alpine skiers of Czechoslovakia

paragraph: Luboš Brchel

paragraph: Luboš Brchel (7 March 1920 – 31 October 1981) was a Slovak alpine skier. He competed in threeo events at the 1948 Winter Olympics.

description: Czech skier

wikidata_label: Luboš Brchel

wikipedia_title: Luboš Brchel


text:
Mysore
Indian classical music
Carnatic music
Indian Independence Movement
Chennai
Mahatma Gandhi
Hindu mythology
Nandalal Bose
Ajanta Caves
Maharaja of Mysore
Art Students League of New York
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Metropolitan Museum of Art
raga
Madras Museum
All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society
Beryl de Zoete
Bhagavad Gita
Art Students League of New York
Smithsonian Institution
Vietnam War

categories: 20th-century Indian women singers,ArtAndFeminism 2019,Women musicians from Karnataka,Musicians from Mysore,Singers from Karachi,20th-century Indian women artists,Carnatic singers,20th-century Indian singers,Female Carnatic singers,2007 deaths,Artists from Mysore,1926 births

paragraph: Y.G. Srimati

paragraph: Y.G. Srimati (1926 - 2007) 20th century artist, born in Mysore, India, was an artist and musician. From a very young age, she was trained in Indian classical music, dance and painting . Y.G. Srimati became a highly accomplished vocalist and performer of Carnatic music and became a participant of the Indian Independence Movement from Chennai. She was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and at rallies addressed by him she would perform devotional songs in various Indian languages. She dedicated her art work to nationalist themes, often painting figures from Hindu mythology, her style being influenced by Nandalal Bose and the frescoes of the Ajanta Caves. Her talent was recognized and in 1952 during her first solo exhibition

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Born in 1926 in Mysore in Karnataka, Srimati grew up in coastal Chennai in a Tamil Brahmin family. Her older brother, Y.G. Doraisami, mentored her in classical dance, singing, instrumental music and painting. Her grandfather was the chief astrologer in the court of the Maharaja of Mysore. The family initials of 'Y.G.' was an honorific title granted by the Maharaja. Her grandfather died when her father was a year old and her family's land was seized. Her father was married off at the age of six and was disinherited. Following which he dedicated himself to the education of his children.

paragraph: Srimati danced as a child and her first solo performance happened when she was seven. She started to paint when she was in her early teens. Her brother was an art collector and he sponsored various artists.

paragraph: In 1963, she got a scholarship to the Art Students League of New York, where she met fellow artist, Michael Pellettieri. They later became partners and he even went to contribute some of the paintings made by her to Metropolitan Museum of Art after she died.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Y.G Srimati’s career started when she received training in four traditional South Indian arts, voice, music, dance and painting. She became devoted towards these arts. She kept her lifelong friendship with Carnatic vocalist M.S. Subbulakshmi. She got the opportunity to go on a tour in India, United States and in the United Kingdom with the classical dancer Ram Gopal.

paragraph: Section::::Influences & Style.

paragraph: The theme of Y.G. Srimati's paintings is based on devotion. She did not date or sign her work.

paragraph: Most of Srimati's work was inspired from mythology and religion. She pursued her musical career even after shifting to New York. And the exhibition also includes one of her Tamburas which was the vestige of her musical career.

paragraph: Srimati was intrigued by Indian religious epic literature and visions of rural culture. She had this nationalist sentiment which was the subject matter of the conscious expression. The Met Collection featured 25 watercoloured paintings which expressed musical instruments, archival photographs and performance recordings.

paragraph: The art critic Holland Cotter said :

paragraph: "Ms. Srimati’s choreographic take on naturalism makes everyday subjects—a woman dressing, a family riding to market—look heroic, and images of deities and saints look approachable human. In the end, she’s a devotional artist, in the religious or spiritual sense: Her 1947-48 painting of the Hindu goddess Saraswati was originally displayed on her family’s home altar."

paragraph: Being a trained classical dancer, a lot of her artwork was dedicated to the treatment of the physical form. Some of her more popular paintings comprise 'The Bullock Cart' and 'Parashurama'. She died in 2007 in her hometown Chennai, at the age of 81.

paragraph: The first retrospective exhibition of her work "An Artist of Her Time : Y.G. Srimati and the Indian Style" opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in 2016.

paragraph: Her work was influenced by ragas, dance positions and mythological tales. When she was 26, she had her first exhibition, inaugurating the Centenary Hall Madras Museum in the year 1952.

paragraph: Section::::Influences & Style.:Other exhibitions and work include.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1950, profiled in the first major survey publications of painters in the post-Independence India, Present Day Painters of India

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1952 The Government of Museum, Madras, Organized her first solo Exhibition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1955 All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society, New Delhi, Solo Exhibition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 Beryl de Zoete invited her to England. Her time in England entailed concert performances, performances for BBC, teaching and exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 New York publisher George Macy Companies offered her a commission to illustrate the Bhagavad Gita, upon completion of which, she was invited to New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964-1969 she attended the Art Students League of New York after being provided with a Board of Control Scholarship to study printmaking.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1961, her work for the deluxe edition of Bhagvad Gita were 15 commissioned paintings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960s to 1980, she supported herself through teaching, commissions and exhibitions. Her time in America was spent on telling stories about religion and culture in India through the means of watercolours as well as classical music and dance.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967, she was commissioned by the Smithsonian Institution to create an etching for the Geneva Peace Conference. She was a participant of the Vietnam War protests.

description: is a 20th century artist from India

wikidata_label: Y.G. Srimati

wikipedia_title: Y.G. Srimati


text:
Sanok, Poland
Academy of Music in Kraków
New England Conservatory of Music
Tomasz Stańko
Marcus Miller
Dave Liebman
Lee Konitz
Anders Jormin
Gary Thomas
George Garzone
Eddie Henderson
Marilyn Mazur
Joey Baron
Nguyen Le
Don Byron
Jacek Kochan
Zbigniew Namysłowski
Janusz Muniak
Ole Morten Vågan
Gard Nilssen
Jacek Kochan
Gary Thomas
Eddie Henderson
Jacek Kochan Trio
George Garzone
Maciej Obara Quartet
2017
ECM Records
Ole Morten Vågan
Gard Nilssen

categories: Polish jazz composers,Male pianists,Living people,Polish jazz musicians,1981 births,Jazz pianists,21st-century pianists,Male jazz composers,ECM Records artists,People from Sanok

paragraph: Dominik Wania

paragraph: Dominik Wania (born 24 November 1981 in Sanok, Poland) is a Polish pianist and composer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Wania started his piano studies at age three. In 2005 he graduated from the Academy of Music in Kraków, Poland, where he was an honors music student studying classical piano performance. In 2006 he was awarded The Helena Foundation Presidential Scholarship at New England Conservatory of Music in Boston where he pursued Master of Music degree in Jazz Performance. While at NEC Dominik Wania studied with Danilo Perez, Jerry Bergonzi, George Garzone, Ran Blake, Allan Chase and Frank Carlberg. He also was a member of one of NEC’s prestigious Honors Ensembles.

paragraph: Wania has performed and collaborated with musicians like Tomasz Stańko, Marcus Miller, Dave Liebman, Lee Konitz, Anders Jormin, Gary Thomas, George Garzone, Eddie Henderson, Marilyn Mazur, Joey Baron, Nguyen Le, Don Byron, Jacek Kochan, Zbigniew Namysłowski, and Janusz Muniak among others. Currently he is involved with projects including Maciej Obara International Quartet with Ole Morten Vågan, Gard Nilssen, and Noise Trio. Besides giving performances he is also a DMA faculty member at the Academy of Music in Krakow and Institute of Jazz in Katowice. The release of his debut album "Ravel" (2013) was with Ravel’s Miroirs arranged for jazz trio.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: 1st Prize at the 7th International Contemporary Chamber Music Competition in Kraków

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: 1st Prize at the 2nd Jazz Piano Competition in Warsaw

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: Ministry of Culture and National Heritage Scholarship 'Młoda Polska'

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Gwarancja Kultury in the 'Jazz, Rock, and Other' category

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Fryderyk Awards in categories: Jazz Album of the Year (Ravel), Jazz Artist of the Year, Jazz Debut of the Year

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Dominik Wania Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Ravel" (For Tune)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With JWP.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Organizacja Live at Radio Katowice"

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Vitaliy Ivanov Quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Returning Live in Kiev" DVD

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Bronisław Suchanek & Dominik Wania duo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Sketch in Blue" (Self Release)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Geni Skendo & Dominik Wania duo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Portraits" (Shakuhachi & Piano Duets)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Jacek Kochan and Michał Barański feat. Gary Thomas

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Man of No Words (GOWI)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Tomek Grochot Quintet feat. Eddie Henderson

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "My Stories" (Self Release)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Jacek Kochan Trio feat. George Garzone

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Filling the Profile" (Intuition)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Maciej Obara Quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Equilibrium" (Ars Cameralis Silesiae Superiors), with Maciej Garbowski, Krzysztof Gradziuk

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Unloved" (ECM Records), with Ole Morten Vågan, Gard Nilssen

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Piotr Baron Quintet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Jazz na Hrade Live at Prague Castle" (Multisonic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Wojtek Fedkowicz Noise Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Post-Digital Dreamers" (Audio Cave)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Power of the Horns

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Alaman Live" (For Tune)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Maciej Obara International (Ole Morten Vågan, Gard Nilssen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Live at Manggha" (For Tune)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Komeda Live" (For Tune)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Live in Mińsk Mazowiecki" (For Tune)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Nak Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "The Other Side of If" (Double Moon)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Ambush" (ForTune), Nak Trio & Arcos

paragraph: BULLET::::- With N S I Quartet (Bartek Prucnal, Cyprian Baszyński, Dawid Fortuna, Maciej Adamczak)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "The Look of Cobra" (Audio Cave)

wikidata_label: Dominik Wania

wikipedia_title: Dominik Wania


href: Clermont-en-Beauvaisis Smyrna Athens Comte%20de%20Choiseul-Gouffier Lord%20Elgin Attica

text:
Clermont-en-Beauvaisis
Smyrna
Athens
Comte de Choiseul-Gouffier
Lord Elgin
Attica

categories: People from Oise,1753 births,French painters,French archaeologists,French diplomats

paragraph: Louis-François-Sébastien Fauvel

paragraph: Louis-François-Sebastien Fauvel (born September 14, 1753 in Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and died March 12, 1838 in Smyrna) was a French painter, diplomat and archaeologist who was long stationed in Athens. Fauvel has been called the "Father of Archeology in Greece."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Louis-François-Sébastien Fauvel made his first stay in Greece in 1780-1782 in the service of the Comte de Choiseul-Gouffier. His archaeological work was meant to complete the Comte's "Voyage pittoresque de la Grèce". When the Count was appointed the ambassador of France to the Sublime Porte in 1784, he again engaged Fauvel. The latter did not support the life of the embassy in the Ottoman capital and did many archaeological trips to collect the material for the future publications and the collection of antiques of his patron, through Greece or in the summer of 1789, Egypt. It was then that he expressed his tiredness of working for someone who did not recognize his qualities.

paragraph: Fauvel settled permanently in Athens in the summer of 1793, after the emigration of Choiseul-Gouffier to Russia. In February 1796, he ended up being recognized for his archaeological work and named "non-resident partner" of the Institut de France. This assured him of funding for the pursuit of his research. He succeeded, for example, in sending to the Louvre a metope and a section of the Parthenon frieze.

paragraph: The Egyptian campaign entailed his imprisonment and his expulsion from the Ottoman Empire. He arrived in complete destitution in Paris in December 1801, sixteen years after leaving France. He participated in the work of the Institute. Seeking to return to Greece, he obtained the post of Vice-Consul of France in Athens. He was back there in January 1803. There he competed with Lord Elgin's agents, including Giovanni Battista Lusieri, for the Parthenon marbles. Taking advantage of the reversal of the alliances, the French vice-consul managed to make the self-same agents search on his behalf. However, he could not carry out the archaeological work he was considering: he could not get away from Athens where his consular activities, however rare, held him back. Above all, he did not have the financial means to open large projects.

paragraph: He then contented himself with limited research that he never published. In the same way, he sold the objects that he discovered, thus leaving the travellers who became the owners to publish their works on his discoveries. However, he played a key role in the development of archaeological knowledge of Athens and Attica by making the "cicerone" (guide) to the "tourists" who visited him.

paragraph: During the Greek War of Independence Fauvel held anti-Hellenic sentiments. He fled the fighting and fled to Smyrna where he died.

wikidata_label: Louis-François-Sébastien Fauvel

wikipedia_title: Louis-François-Sébastien Fauvel