text:
Japanese
"joshi wrestler"
Oz Academy
Honshū
Mariko Yoshida
ARSION
Aja Kong
Ayako Hamada
Queen of Arsion Championship
stable
Candy Okutsu
Twin Star of Arsion Championship
Mima Shimoda
Sky High of Arsion Championship
Lioness Asuka
Yumiko Hotta
Jd'
JWP
mixed martial arts
GAEA
Momoe Nakanishi
New Japan Pro Wrestling
OZ Academy
Jaguar Yokota
Ayumi Kurihara
Tsubasa Kuragaki
Fuka
Hiroyo Matsumoto
Tomoka Nakagawa
Chikayo Nagashima
Oz Academy Openweight Championship
Mio Shirai
Dynamite Kansai
Arsion
JWP Joshi Puroresu
Oz Academy
Sky Perfect
Oz Academy profile

categories: Japanese female professional wrestlers,1973 births

paragraph: Mika Akino

paragraph: , better known as AKINO, (born October 24, 1973 in Tokyo, Japan) is a female Japanese "joshi wrestler", signed to Oz Academy. Billed from Honshū, she started late in the sport and didn't debut until the age of 24. Trained by Mariko Yoshida, she proved to have an innate ring presence and excelled at the sport.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early career.

paragraph: AKINO debuted in the newly formed federation ARSION (then run by Aja Kong) as Mika Akino. In her first months she floated around and tagged with fellow rookie Ayako Hamada now and again. Her most notable match was for the Queen of Arsion Championship, against her mentor, Yoshida. This match is considered by some to be the quintessential rookie versus veteran match of the 1990s, and both women were praised for their performance.

paragraph: It wasn't long before Akino was repackaged as AKINO, and placed in the stable called "CAZAI", or Girls with Attitude. Fellow members included tag team partner Hamada, Ai Fujita, and Candy Okutsu. The heel stable gain notoriety and popularity within ARSION. Hamada and AKINO eventually won the Twin Star of Arsion Championship, which set the stage for possibly both women's biggest match in 1999.

paragraph: Wrestling as "HamaKINO", the two champions entered a storyline with popular tag team "LCO" (Las Cachorrus Orientales), made up of Mima Shimoda and Estuko Mita. The story culminated in a bloody brawl that was later considered one of the matches of the year. Held at the Carnival '99 show, the match skyrocketed the popularity of HamaKINO, and cemented the two women as draws for the promotion.

paragraph: The group split up later, and AKINO went on to win the Sky High of Arsion Championship from Chaparita ASARI. Kong left ARSION after disputes with Rossy Ogawa, and "joshi" legend Lioness Asuka took her place. Hamada left not long after, and AKINO stayed. While she never won the Queen of Arsion Championship, she was involved in several spotlight storylines and matches, including tagging with Asuka and competing against Michiko Ohmukai.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Leaving ARSION.

paragraph: After Asuka left, wrestler Yumiko Hotta took over and renamed ARSION AtoZ. In 2003, AKINO parted ways with the promotion, and declared herself a freelancer. Her mentor and friend Yoshida left AtoZ as well, as did wrestler Baby-M (at that time billed as Baby-A).

paragraph: AKINO began performing with other promotions, like Jd' and JWP. She also began training in mixed martial arts (MMA), and competed at the "LoveImpact" show, on February 8, 2004. She KO'd her opponent, a middle cup tournament winner, less than a minute into the match. She also competed at the "SmackGirl" show, on August 5, 2004, and went all three rounds against her opponent, winning by split decision.

paragraph: During this time AKINO wrestled primarily in Jd', JWP, and GAEA.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Forming M's Style.

paragraph: After leaving AtoZ, AKINO joined with three other "joshi" wrestlers to form a new promotion. Her longtime friend Mariko Yoshida and fellow ARSION wrestler Michiko Ohmukai joined her, and rising star Momoe Nakanishi also jumped on board. The name of their promotion, M's Style, stemmed from the fact that all four women's first names started with the letter "M".

paragraph: M's Style held its first show in April 2004. At the time, the promotion was thought to be the future of "joshi puroresu", and had been rumored to be working with "puroresu" powerhouse New Japan Pro Wrestling. Nothing came of the partnership, and the promotion suffered another blow.

paragraph: Momoe Nakanishi announced her retirement the same year, with nagging injuries being among the top reasons. Many in the "joshi" fan community considered this a death knell for M's Style, and expected the promotion to go under. It has stayed open. Running a show once a month, AKINO and Ohmukai still remain, with Yoshida occasionally wrestling, though she left to open Ibuki to train up the next generation of "joshi" wrestlers.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Present.

paragraph: M's Style closed in the Fall of 2006. After the final show, AKINO announced she would be taking some time off from wrestling to let a lingering neck injury heal up.

paragraph: While still teaching classes at U-FILE, she has scaled her wrestling appearances back dramatically, appearing in an OZ Academy show in January 2007 and in the Jaguar Yokota show on March 11, 2007.

paragraph: In the meantime, she has taken up golfing and currently travels with a female golfer, Sakura, acting as her caddy while competing in tournaments herself.

paragraph: One of her most notable students, who was also trained by Yoshida, is Ayumi Kurihara, who has tagged with AKINO several times and also wrestled in M's Style.

paragraph: AKINO has held tag championships with Ranmaru and Tsubasa Kuragaki, and has held many singles titles as both AKINO and her heel alter-ego noki-A.

paragraph: AKINO returned in mid-2007, working primarily with Oz Academy while freelancing with Pro Wrestling WAVE and performing in special shows held by Fuka.

paragraph: She is currently a member of Aja Kong's Jungle Jack 21 stable along with Hiroyo Matsumoto and Tomoka Nakagawa. On April 24, 2013, Akino defeated Chikayo Nagashima to win the Oz Academy Openweight Championship for the first time. After a record-breaking eighteen-month reign, she lost the title to Tsubasa Kuragaki on October 13, 2014. She regained the title on May 17, 2015, only to lose it to Mio Shirai on June 7. On December 11, 2016, following Dynamite Kansai's retirement, Akino officially signed with Oz Academy, ending her days as a freelancer.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arsion

paragraph: BULLET::::- JWP Joshi Puroresu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oz Academy

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sky Perfect AKINO's official website, includes blog. In Japanese

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oz Academy profile

description: Japanese professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Mika Akino

wikipedia_title: Mika Akino


text:
witchcraft
Salem, Massachusetts
Salem witch trials
hanged
constable
Ann Putnam, Jr.
John Proctor
George Burroughs
George Jacobs, Sr.
Martha Carrier
Ann Putnam, Sr.
Bray Wilkins
Mercy Lewis

categories: People executed by the Thirteen Colonies by hanging,American people executed for witchcraft,Place of birth unknown,17th-century executions of American people,17th-century births,Year of birth unknown,1692 deaths,People of the Salem witch trials,17th-century executions by England,People executed by the Province of Massachusetts Bay

paragraph: John Willard

paragraph: John Willard was one of the people executed for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts, during the Salem witch trials of 1692. He was hanged on Gallows Hill, Salem on August 19, 1692.

paragraph: At the time of the first allegations of witchcraft Willard was serving as a constable in the village of Salem and his duties included bringing the accused before the court. Soon, however, he began to doubt the truth of the accusations and in May 1692 he refused to make any more arrests. In retaliation Ann Putnam, Jr. and others accused him of witchcraft, and of murdering thirteen citizens.

paragraph: Some of his in-laws made accusations. Benjamin Wilkins would tell the court that Willard had previously beat his wife. Samuel Wilkins testified that he had repeatedly been irritated and afflicted by something in a dark colored coat—and that it was John Willard. John Wilkins would blame the death of his wife, after having delivered a baby, on John Willard... [p]atriarch, Bray Wilkins, would say that he came down with his illness after John Willard had looked at him with an evil eye. Willard was found guilty of witchcraft on August 5, 1692. On August 19, 1692, he was hanged, along with John Proctor, George Burroughs, George Jacobs, Sr., and Martha Carrier. Willard maintained his innocence until the very end.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Most of the information on John Willard's early life is relatively obscure. However, most scholars conclude that he probably came from Lancaster, MA. Indeed, it was Lancaster where Willard fled to after being accused of witchcraft. During his youth John Willard lived in Lancaster and worked under a Major Simon Willard, one of the most prominent Massachusetts land speculators of the mid-seventeenth century. Some scholars have concluded that John Willard was either the son, or grandson of Major Willard. However, this is most likely not the case, as Maj. Simon Willard did have a son name John (with Mary Dunster) that was born on 12 February 1656, but married Mary Hayward (Mayflower descendant) in 1698 and died on 27

paragraph: August 1726 in Concord, MA.

paragraph: Section::::Relationship with the Wilkins Family.

paragraph: The Wilkins disapproved of John Willard immediately after Margaret Wilkins decided to marry him. This was partly due to Willard's chosen profession and the failure of a business venture by Bray Wilkins decades earlier. In 1658 Bray Wilkins, the future grandfather-in law of John, had teamed up with the father of his daughter-in-law, a tailor named John Gengell, to purchase, on credit, a 700 acre tract of land around Will's Hill. Soon Wilkins and Gengell put up houses and moved their entire families to the remote region. Wilkins and Gengell soon began logging and timber-processing operations. At first the duo prospered, as one of Wilkins' son would boast to a friend that the family operation produced 20,000 barrel staves and 6,000 feet of boards. In terms of profitability, however, the operation was a marginal one. In 1661, Bray Wilkins, in an embarrassing episode, would be arrested and admit to stealing hay in order to feed his oxen with which he transported his timber to Salem Town. Later, his business would suffer an even greater setback during the winter of 1664-1665 when his house burned down. Eventually, Wilkins and Gengell would be unable to keep up with the mortgage payments and would return two-thirds of the land they had been attempting to purchase, however, even with the reduced mortgage they were still unable to pay their debts. In June 1666, Robert Bellingham, the man they had purchased the land from and the Royal governor of Massachusetts, won a foreclosure judgement against Wilkins and Gengell. Bellingham's lawyers would seize the stock of shingles and other goods that belonged to Wilkins and Gengell. After some time, Wilkins would pay off the mortgage and hang on to his land but the experience left him with the view that farming was the only reliable way to have a secure living. Thus, seeing one of his daughters marry a man who had interest in land speculation, made him uneasy. "

paragraph: Section::::Relationship with the Putnams.

paragraph: Initially after arriving at Salem Village, John Willard worked as a hired hand on the Putnam farm. One of his many tasks on the farm was looking after the young children living there. Ann Putnam, Sr. had recently given birth to a baby girl and Willard was usually asked to watch the infant. However, the infant, who was named Sarah, would die after a few months. The distraught parents would blame Willard for her untimely death. Despite this, the Putnams did not let the conflict affect their relationship with rest of the Wilkins clan. The Putnams and the Wilkins shared many similarities and experiences. Both families would band together in an attempt to break away from Salem Town and establish their own church in the village, and both families suffered setbacks from mercantile enterprises.

paragraph: Section::::Accusations.

paragraph: Towards the end of April, after Willard had abandoned his post as a constable and publicly doubted the girls' accusations, Ann Putnam Jr. began to see visions of John Willard's specter. Willard's specter would reveal to her his culpability in several murders. Ann Jr. claimed that she told the apparition of John Willard "I am very sorry to see you so. You were the one that helped to tend me, and now you have come to afflict me." " " During her testimony, she would claim that Willard "sett (sic) upon me most dreadfully" and had admitted to her that "he had whiped (sic) my little sister Sarah to death and he would whip me to death if I would not write (sic) in his book." Ann Jr. would later see the apparition of her dead sister Sarah who was "crieing (sic) out for vengance (sic) against John Willard" along with the specter of "John Wilkins first wife" who also declared that Willard had caused her death (John Wilkins, the cousin of Willard's wife Margaret, wife Lydia died in January 1688)

paragraph: After hearing about these disturbing reports, Willard would seek help from his wife's grandfather, Bray Wilkins. Wilkins would later testify that Willard, after Ann Jr. began to accuse him, "came my house greatly troubled" and wanted him and other villagers to pray for him. Wilkins would tell his grandson-in-law that unfortunately, he was on his way out for business but if Willard would come home before night then he would pray with him. Willard however was unable to make it before night and Wilkins would not honor the request for prayers. " "On Tuesday May 3, 1692, Willard asked his uncle-in-law Henry Wilkins (one of Bray's sons) to accompany him to Boston for election week. Henry's Son, Daniel Wilkins, who was seeing Mercy Lewis at the time, warned his father not to go with Willard saying "It would be well if Willard were hanged". Though he was taken back by the comment, Henry Wilkins decided to go with Willard anyway. At the same time Willard and Henry Wilkins were planning on going to Boston, Bray Wilkins had also made plans to travel there and was staying at his brother-in-law's house. Typically, many family members would meet there for dinner and on one of those nights Willard and Henry Wilkins would arrive. Upon Willard's entry to the home Bray would later testify that "Willard looked upon me in such a sort as I have never before discerned in anybody." Bray continued to suffer painful attacks throughout the day "I cannot express the misery I was in, for my water was suddenly stopped, and i had no benefit of nature, but was like a man on a rack" he told his wife "I am afraid that Willard has done me wrong". Meanwhile in Salem Village, Daniel Wilkins had also fallen ill. Dr William Griggs, who was attending young Daniel "affirmed that his sickness was by some preternatural cause, and would make no application of any physic". Mercy Lewis, who was also there, "affirmed that she saw the apparition of John WIllard afflicting Daniel. Quickly came Ann Putnam Jr, who also saw the same apparition attacking Daniel. Soon after this episode, Bray's son Benjamin Wilkins Sr. took legal action and charged John Willard with afflicting Bray and Daniel Wilkins. An Arrest warrant would soon be issued for John Willard.

paragraph: Section::::Arrest.

paragraph: On May 11, 1692 a warrant was issued for the arrest of John Willard. John Putnam Jr, a constable who would search for Willard, reported that "I went to the house of the usual abode of John Willard and made search for him, and in several other houses and places but could not find him." John Willard had fled. Willard had escaped to Lancaster. After Willard's escape, Bray Wilkins, returned to his home in Salem Village. Once Wilkins arrived home, some friends came to see him including the afflicted Mercy Lewis. Lewis told Wilkins that she saw the apparition of John Willard on Wilkins' belly. Upon hearing this, Wilkins stated that he was in "grievous pain in the small of my belly". Lewis also stated that she saw Willard's apparition attacking Daniel Wilkins and "John Willard tells me he will kill him within two days." Mercy's prediction came true and two days later on May 16, 1692 Daniel Wilkins died. A second arrest warrant was issued. A short time afterwards constable John Putnam Jr. would capture John Willard attending to his meadows in Lancaster and bring him back to Salem Village. "

paragraph: Section::::Interrogation and Hanging.

paragraph: Once Willard was in custody, he was brought forth to undergo his examination. On May 18, 1692, the magistrates began to castigate him for fleeing by saying "That you were fled from Authority...is an acknowledgment of guilt...but yet notwithstanding we require you to confess the truth in this matter." Willard admitted that he believed "by my withdrawing it might be better" but also proclaimed that he was innocent. The magistrates confronted him with testimonies not only from the current afflictions that was happening in the village but also the dreadful murders he had been charged with, reading to him statements from Mercy Lewis, Ann Putnam Jr., and Susannah Sheldon. Other witnesses would also come forward and attack his character. Benjamin Wilkins Sr, testified that Willard "abused his wife much & broke sticks about her in beating of her." Another man stated that Willard was "very cruel to poor creatures." After hearing this, Willard asked that his wife be called so that she can refute the charges, however, the justices denied his request. The justices next employed physical tests. When Susannah Shelton was asked to approach Willard she fell down immediately and explained that she could not go towards Willard because "the black man stood between us." Willard then took her hand, which drew no effect from Susannah. Next, Mary Warren was brought to Willard in a "great fit" he then clasped his hand upon her arm and she recovered from her fits. Willard, noticing the contradiction, asked the justices "why...was it not before so with Susannah Sheldon?" Those standing by would answer his question by claiming "because...you did not clasp your hand before."

paragraph: At the close of his examination, the justices asked Willard to recite the Lord's prayer, which he could not do. Willard "laught" nervously and said "it is a strange thing, I can say it at another time. I think I am bewitcht as well as they," finally he declared "it is these wicked ones that do so overcome me." On August 5, 1692, John Willard was sentenced to death by hanging and on August 19, Willard along with George Burroughs, John Proctor, George Jacobs Sr, and Martha Carrier were hanged on Gallow's hill. "

paragraph: Section::::Timeline (1692).

paragraph: BULLET::::- May 11 — First warrant for arrest, subsequently fled from authority, and was arrested.

paragraph: BULLET::::- May 18 — Examination of John Willard.

paragraph: BULLET::::- June 3 — Grand jury endorsed the indictments formally charging Willard with witchcraft.

paragraph: BULLET::::- August 5 — Sentenced to death.

paragraph: BULLET::::- August 19 — Hanged.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Upham, Charles (1980). "Salem Witchcraft." New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 2 vv., v.2 pp. 172–79, 321, 480.

description: Salem Witch

wikidata_label: John Willard

wikipedia_title: John Willard


text: American

text: Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium

text: Saranac Lake

text: tuberculosis

text: public health

text: Edward Livingston

text: New York City

text: Illinois Country

text: Zénon Trudeau

text: Columbia University

text: Adirondack Mountains

text: Paul Smith's Hotel

text: Prussia

text: Hermann Brehmer

text: Elizabeth Milbank Anderson

text: Trudeau Institute

text: Robert Louis Stevenson

text: Upper Saint Regis Lake

text: Paul Smiths, New York

text: public health

text: notifiable disease

text: Trudeau Institute

text: Distinguished Americans series

text: Garry Trudeau

text: Cure Cottages of Saranac Lake

text: Trudeau postage stamp

text: Historic Saranac Lake Wiki

categories: American pulmonologists,American people of French descent,1848 births,American public health doctors,Adirondacks,American Lung Association,1915 deaths,Physicians from New York City

paragraph: Edward Livingston Trudeau

paragraph: Edward Livingston Trudeau (5 October 1848 – 15 November 1915) was an American physician who established the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium at Saranac Lake for treatment of tuberculosis. Dr. Trudeau also established the Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis, the first laboratory in the United States dedicated to the study of tuberculosis. He was a public health pioneer who helped to establish principles for disease prevention and control.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Named for statesman Edward Livingston, Trudeau was born in New York City to a family of physicians, the son of Cephise ("née" Berger) and James de Berty Trudeau, who was descended from Illinois Country Governor Zénon Trudeau. During his late teens, his older brother James contracted tuberculosis and Edward nursed him until his death three months later. At twenty, he enrolled in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University (then Columbia College), completing his medical training in 1871.

paragraph: Trudeau married Miss Lottie Beare in June 1871, and after a honeymoon in Europe the couple settled on Long Island NY, where Trudeau began his medical practice. Trudeau mentioned Lottie with great affection in his autobiography and remarked on the fortitude with which she met the many adversities of their married life, which included his long struggle with tuberculosis, and the deaths of three of their four children. Shortly after settling in their new home on Long

paragraph: Island, Lottie gave birth to the couple's first child, Charlotte, whom they called "Chatte."

paragraph: He was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1873, shortly before the birth of their second child, Edward Livingston Jr, whom they called Ned. Following conventional thinking of the times, his physicians and friends urged a change of climate. He went to live in the Adirondack Mountains, initially at Paul Smith's Hotel, spending as much time as possible in the open; he subsequently regained his health. In 1876 he moved his family to Saranac Lake and established a medical practice among the sportsmen, guides and lumber camps of the region. In 1877 Lottie gave birth to a third child, Henry, who died after a brief illness in the winter of 1878 or 1879.

paragraph: In 1882, Edward Livingston Trudeau read about Prussian Dr. Hermann Brehmer's success treating tuberculosis with the "rest cure" in cold, clear mountain air. Following this example, Trudeau founded the Adirondack Cottage Sanitorium, with the support of several of the wealthy businessmen he had met at Paul Smiths. In 1894, after a fire destroyed his small laboratory, Trudeau organized the Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis with a gift from Elizabeth Milbank Anderson; it was the first laboratory in the United States for the study of tuberculosis. Renamed the Trudeau Institute, the laboratory continues to study infectious diseases. One of Trudeau's early patients was author Robert Louis Stevenson and in gratitude, Stevenson presented Trudeau with a complete set of his works, each one dedicated with a different verse by Stevenson (the books were later lost in a fire at Saranac). Trudeau's fame helped establish Saranac Lake as a center for the treatment of tuberculosis.

paragraph: A fourth child, Francis B. Trudeau, was born in 1887. Francis later succeeded his father as director of the sanatorium until 1954. Sadly, Francis was the only one of the four Trudeau children to live a full life. Charlotte (Chatte) contracted tuberculosis at age sixteen while attending a girls school in New York City. She returned home to Saranac Lake where she was nursed by her parents for three years until her death there in 1889. Ned graduated from the Yale College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1900 and began a medical practice in New York City, but died soon after following a bout of pneumonia.

paragraph: In addition to his work at the sanatorium, Edward Trudeau loved to hunt in the woods around Saranac Lake. Although his illness often limited his activities, he was a crack shot and loved the outdoors. In later years he had a camp on Upper Saint Regis Lake. Trudeau had many friends and was active in the community, helping to found St. John’s in the Wilderness Episcopal Church in Paul Smiths, New York, where he is interred. Edward Livingston Trudeau died in 1915.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Trudeau may be viewed as a public health pioneer of the pre-antibiotic era, recognizing the role of crowding in disease transmission, the utility of isolation, the practice of notifiable disease reporting, and promoting the value of fresh air, exercise, and healthy diet. These principles for disease prevention and control have had enduring global impact. He was chosen to be the first President of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, founded in June 1904.

paragraph: The Trudeau Institute, a not-for-profit, biomedical research center, is a direct descendant of the Saranac Laboratory that Trudeau founded. On October 7, 1972, a commemorative plaque was bolted to a rock by the Trudeau Institute on Rabbit Island, located between Spitfire Lake and Upper Saint Regis Lake of Brighton, New York. The plaque honors a historic experiment of Trudeau's in which rabbits were injected with tuberculosis "to determine the effect of environment on the influence and progress" of the disease. Rabbit Island is privately owned and tourists aren't encouraged.

paragraph: On May 12, 2008, the United States Postal Service issued a 76 cent stamp picturing Trudeau, part of the Distinguished Americans series. An inscription identifies him as a "phthisiologist" (an obsolete term for a tuberculosis specialist).

paragraph: His descendants include cartoonist Garry Trudeau, a great grandson.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cure Cottages of Saranac Lake

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historic Saranac Lake - the Saranac Laboratory

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New York Times", "DOINGS IN THE ADIRONDACKS; Prominent Women Devoting Much of their time to Charity Work", July 23, 1905

paragraph: BULLET::::- Town of Brighton - St. John's in the Wilderness

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trudeau postage stamp

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historic Saranac Lake Wiki

description: American doctor

wikidata_label: Edward Livingston Trudeau

wikipedia_title: Edward Livingston Trudeau


text: Ulm

text: flying machine

text: hang glider

text: master craftsman

text: artificial limb

text: hang glider

text: guild

text: Frederick I of Württemberg

text: Louis

text: Wilhelm Busch

text: Max and Moritz

text: Otto Lilienthal

text: Bertolt Brecht

text: The Tailor from Ulm

text: berblinger.ulm.de

categories: Aviation pioneers,1829 deaths,German aviators,People from Ulm,Aviation inventors,Tailors,1770 births

paragraph: Albrecht Berblinger

paragraph: Albrecht Ludwig Berblinger (24 June 1770 in Ulm – 28 January 1829 in Ulm), also known as the Tailor of Ulm, is famous for having constructed a working flying machine, presumably a hang glider.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Berblinger was the seventh child of a poor family. When he was 13 his father died and he was sent to an orphanage. There he was forced to become a tailor although he wanted to become a watchmaker.

paragraph: He became a master craftsman at 21, but he still was interested in mechanics. In his spare time in 1808 he invented the first artificial limb with a joint.

paragraph: Section::::Flight attempts.

paragraph: One of Berblinger's inventions was what appears to be a hang glider. He worked on it for years, improving it and watching the flight of owls. People made fun of him and he was threatened with exclusion from the guild. He was ordered to pay a large fine for his working outside of the guild. Nevertheless, he invested his whole income in his project. King Frederick I of Württemberg became interested in his work and sponsored him with 20 Louis.

paragraph: He tried to demonstrate the glider on the evening of 30 May 1811 in the presence of the king, his three sons and the crown prince of Bavaria. The king and a large number of citizens waited for the flight but Berblinger cancelled it, claiming that his glider was damaged. The next day he made a second attempt from a higher location – the Adlerbastei ("Eagles Bastion"). The King had left by this time, but his brother Duke Heinrich and the princes stayed to watch. Berblinger waited so long for a good wind that a policeman finally gave him a push and Berblinger fell into the Donau ("Danube"). Other versions of this account have no mention of the policeman and claim that the difference in temperature over the cold Donau (Danube) limited thermal updrafts and therefore the glider failed to lift.

paragraph: He survived and was rescued by fishermen, but his reputation was ruined as a result and his work suffered. He was 58 years old when he died in a hospital.

paragraph: The story of the tailor, who tried to fly, subsequently resulted in some fleer and allusions in publications of the 19th century. When Wilhelm Busch drew a man falling into a stream in his picture story "Max and Moritz", he could count on some awareness of his readers. It was not until the end of the century that Otto Lilienthal proved the feasibility of heavier-than-air flight.

paragraph: Section::::Reception.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A reconstruction of Berblinger's flying device (in the form of a pair of wings) can be seen in the Ulm Rathaus ("City Hall") suspended above the stairwell near the Standesamt ("Registrary") where civil weddings are held. There is also another reconstruction of the glider in the ground level of building B in the Fachhochschule ("University of Applied Science") Ulm.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1986 it was proven that Berblinger's glider was capable of sustained flight, but it was almost impossible to cross the Danube even with most modern gliders.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bertolt Brecht wrote a ballad about Berblinger in 1934.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tailor from Ulm", a 1979 German film relating the story of Berblinger's early flights.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adlerbastei (Eagles Bastion) - Where Berblinger launched from.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- berblinger.ulm.de

description: German aviation pioneer

wikidata_label: Albrecht Berblinger

wikipedia_title: Albrecht Berblinger


text:
Bagratuni dynasty
Ani
Hovhannes-Smbat
David
Taik
Manzikert
Byzantium
Basil II
Ashot IV
Michael V
sparapet
Vahram Pahlavuni
vestes
regent
Tashir-Dzoraget
Catholicos
Seljuq Turks
Gregory Pahlavuni
Bjni
Lake Sevan
Vaspurakan
Salmas
Constantine IX Monomachus
Dvin
Abu'l-Aswar
Constantinople
David I Anhoghin
Lori
Lycandus
Caesarea
Bosphorus
thema
Charsianon
Matthew of Edessa
Kyzistra
Tarsus
Thoros I
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

categories: Bagratuni dynasty,Kings of Bagratid Armenia,11th-century Armenian people

paragraph: Gagik II of Armenia

paragraph: Gagik II (; c. 1025 - May 5/November 24, 1079) was the last Armenian king of Bagratuni dynasty. Known as Gagik II King of Ani (Ani being the capital of the kingdom at the time), a juvenile at the time, he was enthroned as Gagik II and ruled for a brief period from 1042 to 1045 before the Bagratid dynasty rule collapsed in Armenia.

paragraph: Section::::Historical background.

paragraph: During the reign of Hovhannes-Smbat (John-Smbat), a feudal lord, David, who owned Taik during his battles against the Muslims, gained a large area which stretched all the way to Manzikert. David was a subject of Byzantium and when he died his entire territory was occupied by Basil II, who had resumed the policy of, bit by bit, annexing Armenia to his empire.

paragraph: This policy of occupation and expansion was also pursued by the successors of Basil II. By the death of Hovhannes-Smbat around 1040 and that of Ashot IV shortly after, Michael V, one of the successors of Basil II, was the emperor cornering Armenia. Michael claimed that the Kingdom of Ani by virtue of the will of Hovhannes-Smbat, was bequeathed to the Byzantine Empire upon his death.

paragraph: When the Armenian "sparapet", Vahram Pahlavuni, prepared the coronation of the successor to Hovhannes-Smbat, the king's nephew, Gagik II, who at that time was only fourteen years old, the Byzantine emperor began supporting "vestes" Sargis Haykazn, a pro-Byzantine Armenian prince and minister of the former king, who had initially been appointed regent. After this the kingdom of Ani resisted three assaults of the Byzantine Empire, forcing them to retreat. Byzantium exerted its forces to the utmost in order to conquer Armenia and once and for all annexing it to the empire. To this end, they sent a great army to the southern part of Armenia and at the same time convinced the king of Tashir-Dzoraget to attack Ani from the east. At the fierce battle that was fought by the walls of Ani, general Vahram Pahlavuni heavily defeated the Byzantine army, forcing them to leave 20,000 dead behind, according to contemporary Armenian chroniclers. This victory allowed Vahram Pahlavuni along with Catholicos Petros I Getadardz to crown Gagik II king of Armenia and subsequently take the fortress of Ani, which was in the hands of Vest Sargis. Sargis fled to the fortress of St. Mary and was eventually captured.

paragraph: After this victory, the new Armenian king, together with Vahram, turned toward their second enemy, the Seljuq Turks, who were still intent on conquering the kingdom. In the following two years Gagik reinforced the army and fought against Seljuq hordes. Gregory Pahlavuni nephew of Vahram, defended the fortress of Bjni. The Armenian army hurried to confront the enemy at the location of the present-day Lake Sevan, where the king and his commander split the Armenian army into two units. The first division engaged in a battle with the Seljuq Turks and then pretended to retreat, drawing the Turks in pursuit toward the second army that was lying in ambush. The battle ended with a catastrophic defeat for the Seljuq Turks. In the Kingdom of Vaspurakan, formerly under the protection of the Byzantine Empire where the population had been deserted by the imperial army, the people eagerly anticipated the Armenian king would be driving the Seljuq Turks out of their homeland. Under leadership of Gagik II, known for his courage as "the Lion," the Armenians revolted and the Turks were forced to retreat to Khoy and Salmas.

paragraph: Section::::Deceit of Gagik II.

paragraph: Vahram began negotiations with the new Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachus. Gagik II offered to be a vassal of the emperor, but the Byzantines did not accept it and prepared a new expedition entrusted to the Duke of Iberia, Michael Iasites, but he failed in the face of Armenian resistance. Emperor Constantine wished to continue the policy of his predecessors and therefore sent an army to conquer Armenia, whilst inciting the Arab emir of Dvin, Abu'l-Aswar, to attack Armenia from the east. King Gagik II, however, managed to placate Abu'l-Aswar by sending him gifts. This allowed Gagik to concentrate his forces against the Byzantines, eventually forcing them to flee. Gagik II proved his worth for the throne and the reputation of a fighting king, which had passed on to him from the very first kings in the Bagratuni dynasty. The Byzantines soon realized that if Armenia could not be conquered by force, it could be taken by treachery. Gagik pardoned Vest Sargis, whose loyalties, however, remained with Byzantium, fostering the hope of being appointed as king of Armenia if Byzantium was to conquer Armenia. With the assistance of Vest Sargis, the Byzantine emperor invited Gagik II to Constantinople to sign an allegedly permanent peace-treaty. Gagik II was invited to visit Constantinople. There the emperor demanded that the Armenian king abdicate and hand over the throne to him, and as he refused to do so was thrown into jail. The Byzantines promptly sent an army to Armenia, which was now leaderless.

paragraph: In lieu of its rightful king, Armenians considered offering the throne of Ani to David I Anhoghin of Lori or to the emir of Dvin, Abu'l-Aswar, married to the sister of David Anhoghin. Even Bagrat IV of Georgia was considered but surprisingly not the Bagratuni King Gagik-Abas of Kars. The patriarch Petros did not approve of any of the three candidates and finally conceded the delivery to the Byzantines of the city of Ani and other fortresses. With his connivance, the Byzantines were finally able to occupy Ani in 1045. The country was incorporated into the empire.

paragraph: Section::::Exile years.

paragraph: Gagik received as compensation for his kingdom the district of Lycandus in Asia Minor and the town of Pizu (also spelled Bizou), in the vicinity of Caesarea. He was also granted the use of a palace on the Bosphorus in Constantinople and a pension from the imperial treasury. Several seals testify "Kakikios Aniotes" (Gagik of Ani) as duke of the thema of Charsianon. During his time in exile, according to Matthew of Edessa, Gagik also took part in a theological debate between him and the Byzantine emperor in Constantinople, defending the Armenian Church and its tradition and rites.

paragraph: The Metropolitan of Caesarea, named Markos, lost no occasion to express his scorn toward Gagik, whom he considered a heretic. After several insults by Markos directed against him, Gagik eventually murdered the bishop, an act that made Gagik even more unpopular among the locals. As the story goes, it is said the Bishop had a dog named Armen, so as to scorn the Armenians. One day, Gagik visited the bishop, had the dog put in a canvas bag and beat with sticks. He then had the Bishop seized and placed in the same bag with the dog, now maddened by pain. The bishop died in pain from the wounds inflicted by his own dog. Gagik was captured and later killed on May 5/November 24, 1079 by the Byzantine governors (three brothers) of Kyzistra, who had his body mutilated and hanged from the fort for others to see. His body was later buried outside the fort but was later said to have been secretly conveyed by an Armenian from Ani named Banik to a convent he had built in a city called Pizu.

paragraph: Shortly after Gagik was killed, his youngest son David was poisoned by his father-in-law for suspected treachery. Gagik's eldest son Hovhannes had married the daughter of Ablgharib, the Byzantine-appointed Orthodox Armenian governor of Tarsus and Mamistra. Hovhannes had a son Ashot who was poisoned and his body brought to Pizu. Hovhannes did not survive his son by long, at which time the posterity of the senior male Bagratian line of kings of Armenia was extinct.

paragraph: During the reign of Thoros I of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia the death of king Gagik II was avenged by the Armenian forces who took the fortress of Kyzistra and executed the three Byzantines who had killed the last Armenian King of Ani.

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: Gagik appears as a character in "Ani Betrayed", Bagrat Ayvaziants' novel which chronicles the fall of Ani and the Bagratid line.

wikidata_label: Gagik II of Armenia

wikipedia_title: Gagik II of Armenia


text:
Capetian House of Anjou
heir presumptive
Stephen, Duke of Slavonia
Charles I
Margaret of Bavaria
John, Duke of Slavonia
heir presumptive
Louis I
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Wenceslaus
Catherine
Holy Crown of Hungary
Philip II, Prince of Taranto
Latin Empire
dower
Corfu
fief

categories: 14th-century women,House of Anjou-Hungary,1370s deaths,14th-century Croatian people,1352 births,14th-century Hungarian people,Medieval Croatian nobility,Princesses of Taranto,14th-century Croatian women,Latin Empresses of Constantinople,Hungarian princesses,House of Anjou-Taranto,Princesses of Achaea

paragraph: Elizabeth of Slavonia

paragraph: Elizabeth of Slavonia (1352 – before 1380), member of the Hungarian branch of the Capetian House of Anjou, was the heir presumptive to the Hungarian throne between 1360 and 1370.

paragraph: Elizabeth was the only daughter of Stephen, Duke of Slavonia, a younger son of the Hungarian king Charles I. Her mother was Margaret of Bavaria, and her only known sibling John, Duke of Slavonia (1354–1360). Elizabeth was regarded as heir presumptive to the throne of Hungary after the death of her brother, as her uncle Louis I had no children. Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, wanted her to marry his eldest son, Wenceslaus. However, the marriage negotiations were ended in 1370, when a daughter named Catherine was born to Elizabeth's uncle. Catherine was followed by two sisters, which meant that Elizabeth would not inherit the Holy Crown of Hungary.

paragraph: In October 1370, Elizabeth married Philip II, Prince of Taranto, a 41-year-old widower and pretender to the Latin Empire. Philip had survived his children by his previous marriage and was in need of heirs. As her dower, Elizabeth was granted Corfu as a personal fief. Their only known child, a son named Philip, was born in 1371 and died the same year. Elizabeth was widowed on 25 November 1374. She appears to have died before the end of the 1370s.

description: Latin Empress of Constantinople

wikidata_label: Elizabeth of Slavonia

wikipedia_title: Elizabeth of Slavonia


text:
Welsh
Oswestry
Shropshire
Llaniestyn
Lleyn peninsula
Botwnnog
John Owen
Bishop of St Davids
Jesus College, Oxford
matriculated
B.A.
Literae Humaniores
M.A.
Oswestry
Shropshire
Arthur Humphreys-Owen
Member of Parliament
Montgomeryshire
John Viriamu Jones
vice-chancellor
University of Wales
William Edwards
fellow
Colwyn Bay
Llandrillo-yn-Rhos
justice of the peace

categories: 1920 deaths,Welsh schoolteachers,Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford,1850 births,19th-century Welsh educators,People from Oswestry

paragraph: Owen Owen (school inspector)

paragraph: Owen Owen (1850 – 14 March 1920) was a Welsh teacher who, after being headmaster of a successful private school for boys in Oswestry, Shropshire, became the first Chief Inspector of the Central Welsh Board for Intermediate Education.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Owen was born in the parish of Llaniestyn, on the Lleyn peninsula in North Wales. He was educated at Botwnnog grammar school (as was his cousin John Owen, who later became Bishop of St Davids). From there, he proceeded to Jesus College, Oxford where he matriculated in 1873. In 1877, he graduated with a B.A. degree in Literae Humaniores, obtaining his M.A. in 1882. In about 1878, he became headmaster of the Willow Street Academy, a private school in Oswestry, Shropshire. In the 1881 census, the school was recorded as having fourteen boarders aged from ten to twenty four, and a schoolmaster and a housekeeper in addition to Owen. The school’s success led, in 1883, to the purchase of new premises—a house called The Lawn, on Church Street, Oswestry, that had previously been the residence of members of a local wealthy family—and the school was known as Oswestry High School, or the Boys High School. Owen remained as headmaster and the excellent record of the school led to it drawing pupils from across Wales.

paragraph: The Welsh Intermediate Education Act was passed in 1889, and Owen was co-secretary of the joint conferences set up to establish the schemes to be implemented at county level. In 1896, the Central Welsh Board for Intermediate Education was established, with Arthur Humphreys-Owen (Member of Parliament for Montgomeryshire) as its first chairman and John Viriamu Jones (the first vice-chancellor of the University of Wales) as vice-chairman. The Board had the responsibility of overseeing the Welsh Intermediate Schools, and this was done through an annual examination and inspection. Owen was appointed as the Board’s first chief inspector in 1896. He held the position until 1915, when illness compelled his retirement, and was regarded as having held the office "with exceptional ability and conscientiousness". He was succeeded in the post by William Edwards, a former fellow of Jesus College. After his enforced retirement, he moved to Colwyn Bay on the coast of North Wales, where he died on 14 March 1920; he was buried in the cemetery at Llandrillo-yn-Rhos.

paragraph: As well as educational matters, his interests included music and politics, with a particular interest in the movement for disestablishment of the Anglican church in Wales. He also served as a justice of the peace in Oswestry from 1893.

description: British teacher and school inspector

wikidata_label: Owen Owen

wikipedia_title: Owen Owen (school inspector)


text: Hosokawa clan

text: Hosokawa clan

text: Kumamoto Domain

text: Jishūkan

text: Han school

text: Saishunkan (school)

text: Han

text: deficits

text: Ryō

text: Han

text: Edo bakufu

text: sankin-kōtai

text: famine

text: Bugyō

text: Osaka

text: Kumamoto

text: han

text: Kumamoto

text: han

text: samurai

text: samurai

text: Kokudaka

text: daimyō

text: samurai

text: daimyō

text: Kumamoto

text: han

text: samurai

text: samurai

text: han

text: samurai

text: han

text: washi

text: Hōreki

text: cereal

text: Tenmei

text: samurai

text: metsuke

text: bugyō

text: seppuku

text: karō

text: magic (paranormal)

text: Yokoi Shōnan

text: Kumamoto

text: han

text: Han school

text: Jishūkan

text: Kumamoto Castle

text: Yokoi Shōnan

text: Inoue Kowashi

text: Kitasato Shibasaburō

text: Edo period

text: Meirinkan

text: Jishūkan

text: han

text: Saishunkan (school)

text: Kumamoto

text: Kumamoto

text: death penalty

text: exile

text: punishment

text: caning

text: penal labour

text: Tattoo

text: Meiji Restoration

text: Honshū wolf

text: Satsuma Domain

text: Shimazu Nariakira

text: Satsuma Domain

text: Anecdotes

categories: 1721 births,People from Kumamoto Prefecture,Daimyo,Higo-Hosokawa clan,Kumamoto

paragraph: Hosokawa Shigekata

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Shigekata's father, Hosokawa Nobunori, was the 4th "daimyō" of Hosokawa clan, but his elder brother, the 5th "daimyō", unfortunately was killed, because the family crest of another person was similar to that of the Hosokawa clan.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Hosokawa Nobunori (1676–1732)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: daughter of Koga Michie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concubine: Yokoshi later Entei-in

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hosokawa Harutoshi (1758–1787) by Yokoshi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norihime later Korin'in married Hosokawa Okinori

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hidejiro

paragraph: Section::::Daimyo.

paragraph: Shigekata was the 6th "daimyō" of Kumamoto of Hosokawa clan, noted for successful financial reform of Kumamoto Domain, for establishing Jishūkan Han school, Medical School Saishunkan (school) and new ideas of criminal law.

paragraph: There were financial difficulties of the Kumamoto Han. The deficits at the time of his father's administration reached 400,000 Ryō. The financial situation of his Han worsened because of the Edo bakufu's "sankin-kōtai" policy, and because of famine. Shigekata himself had kept a card of a pawn shop in order not to forget his young hard days, for one reason because he was one of 21 children born to Hosokawa Nobunori.

paragraph: Section::::Daimyo.:The reform of Horeki.

paragraph: In 1752, he appointed Hori Katuna the great Bugyō, often translated as "commissioner", "magistrate" or "governor", was a title assigned to government officers in pre-modern Japan. Hori immediately went to Osaka to negotiate with Kohnoike family and others for loan, but the wealthy families of Osaka refused the requests of Kumamoto han. Then, Hori was successful in borrowing a huge sum of money from Kajimaya in return for 100,000 "koku" of rice. Kajimaya requested considerable reduced financial interest from Kumamoto han.

paragraph: Originally, 100 "koku" for samurai meant 40 koku of rice, or the samurai obtained 40%. After the reform, 20 "koku" per 100 "koku" went to a samurai, and then 13 "koku", this meant a reduction of 65%. "Kokudaka" (石高) or the system of "koku" refers to a system for determining land value for tribute purposes in Edo period Japan and expressing this value in "koku" of rice. This tribute was no longer a percentage of the actual quantity of rice harvested, but was assessed based on the quality and size of the land. The system was used to value the incomes of "daimyō", or samurai under "daimyō". Kumamoto han wanted samurai to be satisfied with the Horeki reform, and at the same time, they would train themselves as samurai. One was to build a school of han for samurai and others. Another idea was to rehabilitate those who were against the rules, and Shigekata started completely new criminal laws of the han.

paragraph: In addition, Shigekata and Hori started the production of washi (Japanese paper), silk, and monopolized production of wax. They at times examined the land and its production (Kenchi, in Japanese). Toward the end of the Hōreki years (1751–1763), the financial status of the Han had greatly improved.

paragraph: Stockpiled rice and cereal helped the han in the famine of Tenmei.

paragraph: Section::::Daimyo.:Criticisms of the reform.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Because it was so radical, it was not without objections, especially by samurai.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1772, Matsuno Hichizou, a metsuke, pointed out three bad points of Hori.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1774, Masuda Yaichiuemon, criticized the Reform in 18 secret letters.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iguchi Souemon, a "bugyō" favoring the Reform, committed seppuku because he was insulted by Nagaoka Mondo, who was against Hori.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ariyoshi Daizen, a karō, made magic (paranormal) against Shigakata and Hori.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Furukawa Koshoken, a travel journalist, visited Kumamoto around the last of Shigekata years; he found a discrepancy between the life of ordinary people and the popularity of Shigekata, and wrote he believed that in Kumamoto, there was nothing good politically.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In later years, Yokoi Shōnan criticized the present situation in Kumamoto han, in his "Jimu Shian".

paragraph: Section::::Schools.

paragraph: Shigekata established a famous Han school, Jishūkan within the campus of Kumamoto Castle in 1755. This school is known for producing many noted scholars in later years such as Yokoi Shōnan, Inoue Kowashi and Kitasato Shibasaburō. It was open to any class of people, if admission was recognized, not only in Kumamoto people but also in other provinces, with scholarships when students were very bright. There was no such system in other Han schools at this time.

paragraph: At the most popular period, 255 schools were established in the Edo period in Japan, one in every Han or local country. Other famous schools of Han were Nisshinkan of Aizu, Kōjōkan of Yonezawa, Kohdohkan of Mito, Meirinkan of Chōshū, Shin-yukan of Nakatsu, Kohdohkan of Saga, Zōshikan of Satsuma were known, in addition to Jishūkan.

paragraph: Section::::Schools.:Medical school.

paragraph: He established the first public han medical school, Saishunkan (school) in Miyaderamura, Akitagun (now Nihongi), Kumamoto, in 1756 and the school was opened the following year. Its botanical garden was established in Yakuencho, Kumamoto.

paragraph: Section::::Penal reform.

paragraph: Another important reform he made was about the criminal laws. There had been only the death penalty and exile as punishment. Exile was changed to caning and penal labour. Tattooing was changed to shaving the eyebrows, once in 5 days. His idea was to let them work for the Han, and rehabilitate them into society. His reform was made a model in Meiji Restoration. Those who worked were given money in preparation for the days after punishment.

paragraph: Section::::Additional academic pursuits.

paragraph: In his later life, he was interested in biology, the records of plants and animals; which were said to be professional. An interesting animal, possibly drawn by a professional (though he himself drew pictures), was made of the Honshū wolf, which is now extinct. The picture of the wolf is in a book. There were 16 albums of minute pictures of animals and dry plants in the Eisei Bunko, the collection of treasures of the Hosokawa Family.

paragraph: In his days, "daimyō" interested in Western matters were rare. He was known as a "ran-heki" "daimyō". Other "ran-heki" "daimyō" included Shimazu Shigehide, Satsuma Domain, (1745–1833) and Shimazu Nariakira, Satsuma Domain (1809–1858). These "daimyō" looked for ways to obtain books or experts on Western learning.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Kumamoto Prefecture#Horeki Reform

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kawaguchi K. "Anecdotes of Hosokawa Shigekata" Kumamoto Nichi-Nichi Shimbun, 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morihiro Hosokawa, "Seven hundred years of the Hosokawa Family. The treasures of the Eisei Bunko", 2008, Shincho-sha,

description: daimyo

wikidata_label: Hosokawa Shigekata

wikipedia_title: Hosokawa Shigekata


text:
Julie Engelbrecht
Lassie
Horst Naumann
Sascha Hehn
Richard Strauss Conservatory
Salzburg Mozarteneum
Guildhall School of Music and Drama
Derrick
The Old Fox
Tatort
Armin Mueller-Stahl
Dieter Hildebrandt
Günter Lamprecht
Horst Buchholz
Uwe Ochsenknecht
Diese Drombuschs
Michael Degen
Witta Pohl
Eurocops
The Old Fox
Ein Fall für zwei
Freunde fürs Leben
Praxis Bülowbogen
Schlosshotel Orth
Mario Adorf
Heinz Hoenig
Heiner Lauterbach
Günter Strack
Gerard Depardieu
The Count of Monte Cristo

categories: German film actresses,1950 births,German television actresses,2000 deaths

paragraph: Constanze Engelbrecht

paragraph: Constanze Engelbrecht (6 January 1950 – 21 July 2000) was a German actress who was one of the most popular actresses in the country between 1980 and 1990. She appeared in more than seventy films from 1960 to 1998. Her husband was an actor, and her daughter Julie Engelbrecht is an actress.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Constanze Engelbrecht was born on 6 January 1950 in Munich, Germany to actress and sculptor Gen Golch. Her very first role was the voice actress for the character "Jeff" in the German version of the TV series "Lassie", which she performed for six years. She debuted as a television actress at ten years old in the TV movie "Und nicht mehr Jessica" (1965) with Horst Naumann and Sascha Hehn. Engelbrecht's original goal was to become a classical soprano and she studied at the Richard Strauss Conservatory of Munich, at the Salzburg Mozarteneum and finally at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London before changing to acting and studying under the direction of . She performed in both live theater and television. Engelbrecht was well known at the theaters of Munich and also performed in Paris at the "Theatre de la ville".

paragraph: Beginning in the 1970s, she worked in television, playing in "Derrick", "The Old Fox", "Tatort" and in 1979 she appeared as Gabrielle d'Estrées in a 12-part historical drama "Heinrich, der gute König". In 1980, she and her husband, French writer, director and actor , moved to Paris, but she continued to act in German television. During the 1980s, she starred in many mini-series, including "Unter der Trikolore" (1980), in the seven-part Feuchtwanger adaptation "Exil" (1981) and the lead actress in ' (1982). She also appeared in films on the big screen during this period with roles in "Der Fall Sylvester Matuska" (1983) as Ilona with Armin Mueller-Stahl; in "Is' was, Kanzler" (1984) as the character "Rosi", with Dieter Hildebrandt, Günter Lamprecht, and ; in ' (1984) as "Rita" with Horst Buchholz and Uwe Ochsenknecht and in "Sierra Leone" with .

paragraph: Between 1987 and 1990 Engelbrecht became known throughout Germany as Brigitte Sanders for the role she played in the television series in "Diese Drombuschs". She was the devious ex-wife of Martin Sanders (played by Michael Degen), who will do whatever she can to destroy the new relationship her ex-husband is having with Vera Drombuschs (played by Witta Pohl). In 1990, she made a television film, "Der Eindringling" which was one of her most acclaimed performances. Throughout the 1990s, she worked in television completing the miniseries "Die Frauen von Bonne Espérance" (1990) and several successful series like "Eurocops" (1990), "The Old Fox" (1991), "Ein Fall für zwei" (1992), "Freunde fürs Leben" (1993), "Praxis Bülowbogen" (1994), "Schlosshotel Orth" (1997), among others. She received praise for the TV miniseries "" (1996) with Mario Adorf, Heinz Hoenig, Heiner Lauterbach and Günter Strack and for her lead role in "Die Beischlafdiebin" (1998). Her last role was with Gerard Depardieu in a television production of "The Count of Monte Cristo".

paragraph: Engelbrecht died on 21 July 2000 at the Frauenklinik des Roten Kreuzes Hospital in Munich. She had been fighting breast cancer since 1998 and it had spread to the liver and brain.

description: German actress

wikidata_label: Constanze Engelbrecht

wikipedia_title: Constanze Engelbrecht


text:
Shillingford St George
Attorney-General
Seaborough
Dorchester
Dorchester
Honiton
Dittisham
Great Fulford
Dunsford
Sheriff of Devon
Knight of the Sepulchre
John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter
Pole
Mohuns Ottery
Luppitt
Battle of Bosworth
Thérouanne
Artois
Battle of the Spurs
Guinegate
George Carew
Royal Navy
Mary Rose
Battle of the Solent
Italian War of 1542–1546
Peter Carew
Tudor conquest of Ireland
Sir Philip Courtenay
Powderham
Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford
Peter Courtenay
Bishop of Exeter
Molland
Sheriff of Devon
Anthony Poyntz
Iron Acton
chest tomb
chest tomb
Easter Sepulchre
Thomas Westcote
tabard
difference
prie dieu
Powderham Castle
Rogers, William Henry Hamilton
Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L.

categories: 1499 deaths,Attorneys General for England and Wales

paragraph: William Huddesfield

paragraph: Sir William Huddesfield (died 1499) of Shillingford St George in Devon, was Attorney-General to Kings Edward IV (1461–1483) and Henry VII (1485–1509). He built the tower of St George's Church, Shillingford.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the son of William Huddesfield of Shillingford by his wife Alice Gold, daughter of John Gold ("alias" Gould) of Seaborough and Sampit in Dorchester, MP for Dorchester in 1391, and was the grandson of William Huddesfield of Honiton, Devon.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and children.

paragraph: He married twice:

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and children.:First marriage.

paragraph: Firstly to Jennet (or Elizabeth) Bosome, daughter and heiress of John Bosome ("alias" Bosom, Bozun, Bosum, etc.) of Bosom's Hele, in the parish of Dittisham, Devon, and widow of Sir Baldwin de Fulford (died 1476) of Great Fulford in the parish of Dunsford, Devon, Sheriff of Devon in 1460, a Knight of the Sepulchre and Under-Admiral to John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter (died 1447), High Admiral of England. By Jennet Bosome he had one daughter, according to Pole (died 1635):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katherine Huddesfield (died 1499), wife of Sir Edmund Carew (1465–1513), Baron Carew of Mohuns Ottery in the parish of Luppitt, Devon, knighted by King Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, and killed in 1513 at the Siege of Thérouanne, in Artois, part of the Battle of the Spurs or Battle of Guinegate. She was the grandmother of Admiral Sir George Carew (c. 1504 – 1545) who died in the sinking of the Royal Navy flagship "Mary Rose" at the Battle of the Solent during an attempted French invasion in the Italian War of 1542–1546, and of his brother Sir Peter Carew (c. 1514 – 1575), an adventurer who took part in the Tudor conquest of Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and children.:Second marriage.

paragraph: Secondly (as her third husband) to Katherine Courtenay (died 1514), a daughter of Sir Philip Courtenay (died 1463) of Powderham, Devon, by his wife Elizabeth Hungerford, daughter of Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford (died 1449), and sister of Peter Courtenay (died 1492) Bishop of Exeter and of Sir Philip Courtenay (b.1445) of Molland, MP and Sheriff of Devon in 1471. She requested in her will to be buried in the Greyfriars Church, Exeter "before St Francis beside the High Altar", but was probably buried at Shillingford with her husband. A monumental brass of Huddesfield and his second wife Katherine Courtenay survives in Shillingford St George Church. His sister-in-law Phillipa Courtenay married his step-son Sir Thomas Fulford (died 1489), the eldest son and heir of Sir Baldwin de Fulford (died 1476) by his first wife Jane Bosome By his second wife Katherine Courtenay he had one daughter, according to Pole:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Huddesfield, wife of Sir Anthony Poyntz (died 1534) of Iron Acton, Gloucestershire.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: He died on 20 March 1499, and was buried in Shillingford St George's Church, where his chest tomb survives against the north chancel wall.

paragraph: Section::::Monumental brass.

paragraph: A monumental brass of Huddesfield and his second wife Katherine Courtenay survives in Shillingford St George Church, and the arms of Bosome ("Azure, three bird bolts in pale points downward or") survive in a stained glass window in the same church. The brass is affixed to the wall on the north side of the chancel, above a chest tomb, with grey marble slab on top, set into an Easter Sepulchre style alcove remade in the 19th century. Around the edge of the slab is an ident for an inscription in brass, now lost, but transcribed in 1630 by the Devon historian Thomas Westcote (c. 1567 – c. 1637) as follows:

paragraph: The brass depicts a knight and a lady, both kneeling under a double canopy, with a son and two daughters. The bare headed knight is fully dressed in armour, over which he wears a tabard showing the arms of Huddesfield with a crescent for difference, with sword and spurs. in front of him is a prie dieu, on which is an open book, and his gauntlets are on the floor by his side, with his helmet on top of which is his crest, a boar rampant. The lady wears a pedimental head-dress and lappets, with gown, ornamented girdle with pomander hanging therefrom. Over all she wears a robe of estate showing the arms of Courtenay: "Or, three torteaux a label of three points azure". Behind her kneels her only son by her second husband George Rogers, and behind him her two daughters Elizabeth and Katherine. The following inscription, partly in Latin, appears below (with abbreviations extended):

paragraph: A framed rubbing of the brass hangs in the chapel of Powderham Castle.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rogers, William Henry Hamilton, Wiltshire Notes & Queries, Vol.III, 1899–1901, Devizes, 1902, pp. 336–345, "Sir William Huddesfield and Katherine Courtenay his Wife, Shillingford Church, Devon"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895

description: British lawyer

wikidata_label: William Huddesfield

wikipedia_title: William Huddesfield


text:
straddle technique
Helmut Zacharias
social sciences
Hamburg
Genoa
Ascona
Mainz
Lanzarote

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics,Olympic athletes of West Germany,Living people,1947 births

paragraph: Thomas Zacharias (athlete)

paragraph: Thomas Michael Zacharias (born 2 January 1947) is a German high jumper. He competed in the 1968 Olympics and finished in 14th place with a jump of 2.09 m. He set five national records (2.17 to 2.20 in 1970). His personal best is 2.22 m (world's best indoor 1971).

paragraph: Zacharias continues competing internationally, in the masters categories, where he set dozens of world records. Two of them, 2.00 m indoor and 1.98 m outdoor in the M50 age group, have stood since 1997. Zacharias is a lifelong proponent of the straddle technique in the high jump.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Zacharias was born to Hella and Helmut Zacharias. His father (died 2002) was a famous violin player, composer and orchestra director, his sister Sylvia holds a PhD in social sciences, and his brother Stephan is a composer and music producer for film and television. Zacharias has a son, Alejandro, and daughter Cristina, with Lola López, a sports teacher.

paragraph: Zacharias completed his school studies in Hamburg (Germany), Genoa (Italy) and Ascona (Switzerland). He continued his education in Paris, Berlin and Mainz, studying philosophy and psychology, but majoring in physical education, and since the 1980s has lived on Lanzarote, one of the Canary Islands. In the 2000s, besides competing in the high jump and being a track and field coach, he became a specialist in golf biomechanics and tuition and published two books on the subject. In 1999–2002 he worked as a psychologist with the national golf amateur team and in 2002-2008 was instruction advisor to the PGA of Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Zacharias (1997) "Hoch- und Weitsprung Perfekt", Nentershausen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Zacharias (2007) "Golfprofis schwingen nicht – sie schlagen: Die richtige Technik verstehen und erlernen". Kosmos.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Zacharias (2011) "Der neue Golfschlag". Kosmos.

description: German high jumper

wikidata_label: Thomas Zacharias

wikipedia_title: Thomas Zacharias (athlete)


text:
Serbian
Venetian
srbulje
Vićenco Vuković
Catholic
Zagurović family
Kotor
Republic of Venice
Montenegro
Ilija Zagurović
Crnojević
Đurađ Crnojević
Crnojević printing house
types
Jakov of Kamena Reka
Serbian Orthodox Church
psalter
prayer book
Božidar Vuković
Božidar Goraždanin
Đurađ Crnojević
Stefan Marinović
Hieromonk Makarije
Hieromonk Mardarije
Hegumen Mardarije
Vićenco Vuković
Hieromonk Pahomije
Trojan Gundulić
Andrija Paltašić
Jakov of Kamena Reka
Dimitrije Ljubavić

categories: People from Kotor,Venetian Slavs,Serbian Roman Catholics,16th-century printers,1550 births,Serbs of Montenegro,1580 deaths,Serbian printers,Republic of Venice printers,16th-century Roman Catholics,Venetian period in the history of Montenegro,16th-century Serbian people

paragraph: Jerolim Zagurović

paragraph: Jerolim Zagurović ((), ) ( 1550—1580) was a Serbian-Venetian printer of Serbian Cyrillic books ("srbulje"). Zagurović and Vićenco Vuković were the last printers of srbulje books.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Zagurović was Serbian Catholic and member of the noble Zagurović family from Kotor, Republic of Venice (today Montenegro). His paternal uncle was distinguished poet Ilija Zagurović.

paragraph: The Zagurović family was related to the Serbian Crnojević family through the marriage of Jerolim Zagurović and Antonija Crnojević, the daughter of Lord Đurađ Crnojević of Zeta (r. 1489–96). They had a son, Anđelo, who lived in Venice.

paragraph: Section::::Printing.

paragraph: The Crnojević printing house was disestablished when Đurađ Crnojević fled Zeta in 1496. The types used in his printing house remained in the monastery until Jerolim Zagurović found them somewhere before 1569. He wrote that he took some types to Venice. Because Jerolim insisted he brought types from Crnojević printing house to Venice, it was speculated that he had actually used Crnojević's types in his printing house. This was disputed by some later works which explained that the Crnojević printing house was so well reputed that other printing houses imitated its types.

paragraph: In 1569 he founded a printing house in Venice and began printing Cyrillic books. One of the motives of Jerolim Zagurović to establish the printing house was to earn some profit from it to compensate losses of the Zagurović family business caused by frequent Ottoman sieges of Kotor. Zagurović did not have a formal theological education so he had to engage Jakov of Kamena Reka to edit and proofread the texts before printing. (Jakov belonged to the Serbian Orthodox Church).

paragraph: In 1569 he printed a psalter and in 1570 a prayer book. This was the last Serbian Cyrillic book printed until the second half of the 18th century. There was only one book printed in 1638 in Venice by Bartholomew Ginami, but it was simply a reprint of the psalter with the book of hours published by Zagurović in 1569. Zagurović's printing press was firstly taken over by Jakov of Kamena Reka, and then in 1597 by Bartolomeo Ginammi who used it until 1638.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Božidar Vuković

paragraph: BULLET::::- Božidar Goraždanin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Đurađ Crnojević

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stefan Marinović

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hieromonk Makarije

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hieromonk Mardarije

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hegumen Mardarije

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vićenco Vuković

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hieromonk Pahomije

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trojan Gundulić

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrija Paltašić

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jakov of Kamena Reka

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bartolomeo Ginammi who followed Zagurović's footsteps reprinting Serbian books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dimitrije Ljubavić

description: Venetian printer

wikidata_label: Jerolim Zagurović

wikipedia_title: Jerolim Zagurović


text:
college football
center
1908 LSU Tigers football team
national champion
All-Southern
Grantland Rice

categories: 1886 births,LSU Tigers football players,1949 deaths,American football centers,Players of American football from Louisiana,People from Dodson, Louisiana,All-Southern college football players

paragraph: Robert L. Stovall

paragraph: Robert Luther "Strauss" "Big" Stovall (February 22, 1886 – January 8, 1949) was a college football player and a unit foreman of the state highway department.

paragraph: Section::::College football.

paragraph: Stovall was a center for the 1908 LSU Tigers football team which went 10–0 and was selected as national champion by the National Championship Foundation. His younger brother Rowson Stovall was also on the team, called "Little" Stovall in contrast to his "Big" brother. Robert was selected All-Southern by Grantland Rice in 1909.

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Robert L. Stovall

wikipedia_title: Robert L. Stovall


text:
Nayanar
Hindu
Shaivism
Tamil
Periya Puranam
Sekkizhar
Nayanars
Chidambaram
Thillai Nataraja Temple
Shiva
Kuyavar
caste
Halahala
Shiva
yogi
Brahmin
Parvati
Kailash
Sundarar
Nambiyandar Nambi
guru
Katiya
Kakati Ganapati Deva
Telugu
Siriyala
Gopalakrishna Bharati
Tamil month
Thai
Vishakha
nakshatra
Anjali mudra
thirtam
Vyaghrapada

paragraph: Tirunilakanta Nayanar

paragraph: Tirunilakanta Nayanar, also known as Tirunilakanta (spelt as Tirunilakantha, Tiru Neelakanta, Tiru Nilakanta), Nilakantan and Tirunilakantar (Thiruneelakandar) was a Nayanar saint, venerated in the Hindu sect of Shaivism. He is generally counted as the second in the list of 63 Nayanars.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The life of Tirunilakanta Nayanar is described in the Tamil "Periya Puranam" by Sekkizhar (12th century), which is a hagiography of the 63 Nayanars.

paragraph: Tirunilakanta Nayanar belonged to Chidambaram, famous for its Thillai Nataraja Temple dedicated to the god Shiva, patron of Shaivism. He was born in the Kuyavar caste of potters. He made earthenware pots and other containers. He was a devout devotee of Shiva and distributed clay bowls to devotees of Shiva, free of cost. He and his wife specially revered the Nilakanta (Tirunilakanta, "Blue Throated one") form of Shiva, who drank the Halahala poison and used the universe.

paragraph: Once, Tirunilakanta Nayanar enjoyed pleasure with a prostitute. The news reached the wife before he reached home. The enraged wife fulfilled all her duties but did not allow her husband to touch her. When he tried affectionately touch her to placate her, she refused his advances and said 'Would you touch us (me) ... Tirunilakanta.' While the wife meant that her husband does not touch her, she used a pronoun, which also meant "us". Tirunilakanta could be interpreted as the name of the husband or god Shiva. Traditionally, a Hindu married woman does not address her husband by his name. It is not clear by what she meant, but her husband took the meaning that she refrained him from touching all women ("us") by the name of the god Nilakanta. The Nayanar pledged not to touch any woman from that day, even in his thoughts.

paragraph: While the wife carried out all the responsibilities of a wife to Tirunilakanta Nayanar, they never touched each other. They lived in different quarters in the house and fulfilled Tirunilakanta's vow in secret. The couple became old.

paragraph: Once, Shiva disguised himself as a Shaiva yogi (mendicant). He was welcomed and worshipped by Tirunilakanta Nayanar. Upon inquiry by the aged potter about what he can do for the ascetic, the ascetic gave him his "precious" earthen begging bowl and told the potter to keep it safe till he returns. The yogi left; Tirunilakanta kept the bowl in a safe location.

paragraph: After a long time, the yogi returned and demanded his begging bowl. Tirunilakanta looked for the bowl in the place he kept it and then searched the whole house in vain. Shiva had actually made the begging bowl disappear. The worried Nayanar prostrated before the mendicant and told him that he had lost the bowl and offered to replace it with a new clay bowl. However, the agitated ascetic refused and accused the potter of stealing his precious bowl. Upon much persuasion, the ascetic ordered Tirunilakanta to take a dip in the temple tank and swear by taking his hand on the head of his son. When the potter told the yogi that he was childless, the ascetic suggested that he do so by swearing on his wife's head. But, Tirunilakanta refused to do so, due to his vow, the incensed left and appealed to the Brahmin priests of the temple for justice.

paragraph: The Brahmin court heard both sides and ordered the potter to swear his innocence in the holy tank. Tirunilakanta and his wife entered the temple pond, each holding an end of a bamboo stick. The ascetic objected and suggested the potter hold his wife's hand. Ultimately, the potter revealed the whole story - which was concealed from the world till then - about his private life and his vow to the assembled Brahmins and the ascetic. The old couple immersed themselves in the holy waters and emerged as a young couple as they rose up. The awestruck Brahmins looked in disbelief. The ascetic disappeared. In the sky, Shiva appeared with his consort Parvati and blessed the couple. Pleased by the couple's devotion and sexual restraint, Shiva took them to his abode Kailash, where they are said to have lived ever young.

paragraph: Section::::Remembrance.

paragraph: One of the most prominent Nayanars, Sundarar (8th century) venerates Tirunilakanta Nayanar in the "Tiruthonda Thogai", a hymn to Nayanar saints, calling him "the blessed potter" and the first Nayanar mentioned in the hymn and the only one whose caste affiliation is stated. While describing the Nayanars, Nambiyandar Nambi (11th century) says that Tirunilakanta Nayanar observed sexual abstinence with his wife and as an aged man, reagined his youth with his wife by "God's grace". A maxim by Sivadevayya, also known as Visweswara Siva Desika, the guru and minister of the Katiya king Kakati Ganapati Deva (1199-1260), part of his lost Telugu "sataka" (a poem with more than hundred lines) "Siva-devadhimani Satakamu" says that one must be like Siriyala in childhood, Sundarar in youth and Gundaya (Tirunilakanta Nayanar) in old age; if one has no faith in Shiva then "his birth is burden and life is futile". Gopalakrishna Bharati (1810–1896) wrote a short opera named "Tirunilakantha Nayanar Charitram" on his life.

paragraph: Tirunilakanta Nayanar is worshipped in the Tamil month of Thai, when the moon enters the Vishakha nakshatra (lunar mansion). He is depicted with folded hands (see Anjali mudra). He receives collective worship as part of the 63 Nayanars. Their icons and brief accounts of his deeds are found in many Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu. Their images are taken out in procession in festivals.

paragraph: In Chidambaram, west of the main Nataraja Temple lies the temple tank called "Ilamai thirtam" (tank of youth) or "Ilamai Nayanar thirtam" (tank of the young Nayanar) or "Vyaghrapada thirtam", which is believed to the site of the test of Tirunilakanta Nayanar by Shiva. The Ilamaiyakinar temple dedicated to Shiva stands on the banks of the tank. The temple is said to be built by the devotee Vyaghrapada, long before Tirunilakanta Nayanar's times and was also as "Thiruppuleeswarar". After the Tirunilakanta incident, the form of Shiva was renamed as Ilamai-yakinar. The temple has a shrine for the Tirunilakanta Nayanar and his wife Ratnasalai. The Thai Vishakha day is believed to be the day of Tirunilakanta Nayanar's test of devotion. The day is marked by a temple festival when the tale of the Nayanar's test are ritually enacted in the temple tank. Separated couples or couples with disputes in the marriage are prescribed to pray in the temple for a happy married life.

wikidata_label: Tirunilakanta Nayanar

wikipedia_title: Tirunilakanta Nayanar


text:
Sir Walter Scott
Scott Monument
Princes Street
Edinburgh
Robinson Crusoe
Alexander Selkirk
Lower Largo
Fife
Edinburgh
lithograph
Japanner
Royal Mile
William Brodie
Royal Scottish Academy
William Geddes
Royal Scottish Academy
Edinburgh
Dean Cemetery
John Stevenson Rhind
Royal Mile
Rob Roy
Scottish National Portrait Gallery
General Gordon
Scottish National Portrait Gallery
Scott Monument
Princes Street
Rip Van Winkle
Thomas Carlyle
Robinson Crusoe
Lower Largo
W. E. Gladstone
Warriston Cemetery
Robert Burns
Blouinartinfo.com
Vangelligallery.com

categories: Scottish sculptors,1853 births,People from Edinburgh,1888 deaths,Scottish male sculptors,19th-century British sculptors

paragraph: Thomas Stuart Burnett

paragraph: Thomas Stuart Burnett ARSA (4 July 1853 – 8 March 1888) was a Scottish sculptor in the 19th century.

paragraph: His two principal claims to fame is as one of the chosen sculptors of the figures depicting characters from the novels of Sir Walter Scott on the Scott Monument on Princes Street in Edinburgh and for the famous sculpture of Robinson Crusoe at Alexander Selkirk’s birthplace of Lower Largo in Fife.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in Edinburgh, the son of James Burnett, a lithographic printer and Japanner living at 34 Toddrick's Wynd on the Royal Mile.

paragraph: He studied under William Brodie and at the School Board of the Trustees on Picardy Place (run by the trustees of the Royal Scottish Academy). There he won their gold medal for the year in 1875. In 1876 he entered the RSA Life School, focussing upon the human form and won the Stuart Prize in 1880.

paragraph: In 1881 he is recorded as living with William Geddes at Gowan Brae Cottage, Perth Street, Perth.

paragraph: He was elected an Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1883.

paragraph: He died in Edinburgh in 1888 and is buried in the north section of the original Dean Cemetery, towards the western end, with his wife Margaret Irving. The red sandstone celtic cross is eroding but has a fine profile head of Burnett, sculpted by John Stevenson Rhind.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Low-relief bronze panels on the base of the statue to the Duke of Buccleuch on the edge of Parliament Square, the first statue on the Royal Mile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statue of Rob Roy (1885), Scottish National Portrait Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statue of General Gordon, Scottish National Portrait Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statues of Davie Deans and Effie Deans (from the novel "The Heart of Midlothian") on the Scott Monument both on the north side, facing Princes Street.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mr David Raiker (1874)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mr and Mrs Andrew Dougal (1876)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ebenezer H. Murray (1878)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Hannah (1879)

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Wilson (1879)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Blair (1879)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norman M. Henderson (1880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rip Van Winkle (1880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Grubb of Dundee (1881)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The late Thomas Sprot WS (1881)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugene Aram (1881)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mrs Denovan Adam (1883)

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Pryde LLD (1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmund Edmunds (1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Mansfield Guthrie (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arthur Edmunds (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Forrest HRSA (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The late Rev Davidson (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Carlyle (1885)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The late David Jack JP (1886)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robinson Crusoe (1886) (sited on a building in Lower Largo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- HRH Albert Victor (1886 and 1887)

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. E. Gladstone PM (1886 and 1887)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The late Robert Riddle Stodart (1887)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monument to Robert Bryson in Warriston Cemetery (1887)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Reid (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Irving (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmund Burton, engraver (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Burns (1888)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blouinartinfo.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vangelligallery.com

description: Scottish sculptor

wikidata_label: Thomas Stuart Burnett

wikipedia_title: Thomas Stuart Burnett


text:
Nayanar
Hindu
Shaivism
Sambandar
Tamil
Periya Puranam
Sekkizhar
Chola
Nagapattinam district
Tamil Nadu
Shiva
Brahmin
caste
Vedic
Agamic
Poornima
lingam
Sambandar
Tiru Nilakanta Yazhpanar
Shudra
homa kunda
Achalpuram
Shivaloka Thyagar temple
Sundarar
Tamil month
Vaikasi
Mula
nakshatra
Anjali mudra

paragraph: Tiruneelanakka Nayanar

paragraph: Tiruneelanakka Nayanar (also spelt as Tirunilanakka Nayanar and Thiru Neela Nakka Nayanar), also known Tiruneelanakka, Nilanakkar and Nilanakkan, was a Nayanar saint, venerated in the Hindu sect of Shaivism. He is generally counted as the twenty-eighth in the list of 63 Nayanars. He is described as a contemporary of Sambandar (first half of the 7th century CE), one of the most prominent Nayanars.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The life of Tiruneelanakka Nayanar is described in the Tamil "Periya Puranam" by Sekkizhar (12th century), which is a hagiography of the 63 Nayanars.

paragraph: Tiruneelanakka Nayanar was born in Sattamangai (Thirusathamangai/Satthamangkai), an important town in the Chola kingdom. The town is currently called Seeyathamangai, Nagapattinam district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Ayavantheeswarar temple dedicated to the god Shiva, patron of Shaivism, stands in this town. Tiruneelanakka was born in a family of Brahmins (priest caste), whose duty was to recite the Vedic scriptures.An expert in the Vedas, he was a staunch devotee of Shiva and served his devotees, by washing their feet and welcoming them to his home. He used to worship in the temple as the Agamic texts.

paragraph: Once on the day of Poornima (the full moon day), Tiruneelanakka and his wife went to the Shiva shrine. While Tiruneelanakka was performing his daily ritual worship of the lingam (the aniconic form of Shiva worshipped as the central icon in temples), a spider fell from his web on the lingam. The wife blew away the spider, wherein some saliva could have fallen on the lingam. In some versions, she goes a step further and spits on the spot where the spider falls. This action was in accordance with the tradition of spitting on a part of a child where the spider fell so as the poison of the spider does not spread in the body. Tiruneelanakka considered her action blasphemous and asked the wife what she had done. She replied she just blew away the spider as per tradition. The infuriated Brahmin said that she had contaminated the lingam by her saliva, as per Agamic scriptures and she should have removed the spider by some other means. The Brahmin offered rituals to purify the lingam and apologized to the god. Further, he abandoned his wife in fury.

paragraph: While the wife spent her night in the temple, Tiruneelanakka went home and slept. Shiva appeared in Tiruneelanakka's dream. While a part of the body was normal, rest of it was swollen by the spider's poison. Shiva remarked that his normal area was where Tiruneelanakka's wife had blown/spat. Tiruneelanakka realized that devotion (love) was superior to rituals. In the dawn, he went dancing to the temple and worshipped Ayavantheeswarar. He returned with his wife. Tiruneelanakka continued to serve Shiva and his devotees with love.

paragraph: Having heard of the child saint Sambandar's glories, Tiruneelanakka visited to meet him in person. Tiruneelanakka heard that the Nayanar Sambandar accompanied by another Nayanar Tiru Nilakanta Yazhpanar and an entourage of devotees were coming to Sattamangai. Tiruneelanakka decorated Sattamangai for welcoming Sambandar and hosted him at his home. He honoured Sambandar with due respect. Tiruneelanakka made numerous arrangements for Sambandar to spend the night at his house.

paragraph: Sambandar also suggested that Yazhpanar and his wife - who were travelling minstrels and composed music to Sambandar's hymns - be given accommodation. The caste-conscious host was uneasy inviting the Shudra (low-caste) couple of Tiru Nilakanta Yazhpanar and his wife home. After insistence by Sambanar, the host gave them a place to sleep near the "homa kunda", the fire altar used for sacrifices. The fire of homa kunda shone brightly in the night, giving testimony to the couple's devotion. Tiruneelanakka discerned that devotion is superior to caste barriers too.

paragraph: Sambandar accompanied Tiruneelanakka to the Ayavantheeswarar temple and composed a hymn in honour of the god and his host Tiruneelanakka Nayanar. Tiruneelanakka wanted to accompany Sambanar on his travels, but the child saint instructed Tiruneelanakka to stay in Sattamangai and serve Ayavantheeswarar and his devotees. Sambanar left and Tiruneelanakka complied.

paragraph: After a while, Sambandar invited Tiruneelanakka Nayanar to his wedding in Thirumana Nallur (presently known as Achalpuram). Tiruneelanakka officiated as the presiding priest of the wedding ceremony. After the wedding, Sambandar, his bride and the wedding party went the Shivaloka Thyagar temple of Shiva, in Thirumana Nallur. Sambandar prayed to Shiva, seeking salvation. Shiva appeared as a blazing flame and granted his wish. Then Sambandar, his bride and all the wedding guests, including Tiruneelanakka Nayanar merged in the Light of Shiva.

paragraph: Section::::Remembrance.

paragraph: One of the most prominent Nayanars, Sundarar (8th century) venerates Tiruneelanakka Nayanar in the "Tiruthonda Thogai", a hymn to Nayanar saints, calling him Nilanakkan of Sattamangai. As mentioned in the earlier section, a hymn by Sambanar also honours him.

paragraph: An image of Tiruneelanakka Nayanar is worshipped in Ayavantheeswarar temple, the Shiva temple in his native village.

paragraph: Tiruneelanakka Nayanar is worshipped in the Tamil month of Vaikasi, when the moon enters the Mula nakshatra (lunar mansion). He is depicted with a crown and folded hands (see Anjali mudra). He receives collective worship as part of the 63 Nayanars. Their icons and brief accounts of his deeds are found in many Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu. Their images are taken out in procession in festivals.

wikidata_label: Tiruneelanakka Nayanar

wikipedia_title: Tiruneelanakka Nayanar


text:
Trelleborg
Swedish
hammer throw
national record
Tracy Anderson

categories: People from Trelleborg,Swedish female hammer throwers,World Championships in Athletics athletes for Sweden,1984 births,Living people

paragraph: Tracey Andersson

paragraph: Tracey Andersson (born December 5, 1984 in Trelleborg) is a Swedish hammer thrower.

paragraph: Her personal best in the event is 70.82 metres achieved in March 2013 in Castellón. This is the current national record.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tracy Anderson, an American fitness entrepreneur

description: Swedish hammer thrower

wikidata_label: Tracey Andersson

wikipedia_title: Tracey Andersson


text: Justice of the Peace

text: New South Wales

text: Sydney

text: West Sydney

text: Henry Parkes

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Victoria

text: Crystal Palace

text: Orange

categories: 1840 births,People from London,Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly,1921 deaths

paragraph: Francis Abigail

paragraph: Francis Abigail (1840–1921) was politician and Justice of the Peace from New South Wales, Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Francis Abigail was the son of William Abigail. In 1860, he immigrated to Sydney and was married the following year.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: He served as a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for West Sydney from 1880 to June 1891. He later served as Minister of Mines in Sir Henry Parkes' Administration from 20 January 1887, to 10 January 1889.

paragraph: Section::::Public service.

paragraph: He was a Justice of the Peace for the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria.

paragraph: Abigail was a member of the New South Wales Commission for the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition of 1888. In 1890, he was a member of the Exhibition of Mining and Metallurgy, held at the Crystal Palace. That same year, he visited England and the various Orange bodies in England and the north of Ireland. While in London, he gave evidence before the Royal Commission on Mines.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Francis Abigail

wikipedia_title: Francis Abigail


text: American football

text: wide receiver

text: Miami Dolphins

text: undrafted free agent

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: college football

text: Fresno State

text: Sacramento, California

text: Sacramento (CA) Natomas

text: 2010 NFL Draft

text: undrafted free agent

text: Matt Moore

text: 2011 season

text: unrestricted free agent

text: 2012 season

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Cleveland Browns

text: Miami Dolphins bio

text: Fresno State Bulldogs bio

categories: 1987 births,San Francisco 49ers players,American football wide receivers,Miami Dolphins players,Fresno State Bulldogs football players,Living people

paragraph: Marlon Moore

paragraph: Marlon Moore (born September 3, 1987) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. Moore was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2010. Moore has also played for the San Francisco 49ers. He played college football at Fresno State.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Moore was born in Sacramento, California, and attended Sacramento (CA) Natomas high school where he excelled in football. He then committed to Fresno State where he finished his college career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: Having gone undrafted in the 2010 NFL Draft, Moore signed with the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent. Moore, who is known for his agility and quickness, was utilized primarily in special teams and a reserve receiver. Moore had a career highlight 37-yard reception from Matt Moore during the 2011 season. Moore had finished his career with the Dolphins with 12 receptions for 244 yards and 2 touchdowns, averaging 20.3 yards per reception. Moore was an unrestricted free agent at the conclusion of the 2012 season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: On March 19, 2013, it was announced that Moore had signed a one-year deal with the San Francisco 49ers. He was released in October 2013 due to Mario Manningham's return to the team's active roster after week 7.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Dolphins (Second Stint).

paragraph: Moore re-signed with the Dolphins on November 4, 2013 to a one-year contract, one week after getting released by the 49ers. He appeared in the team's last eight games, catching six passes as a reserve wide receiver, and again returned to his role as a special teams ace for the club.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Browns.

paragraph: Moore signed with the Cleveland Browns on July 28, 2014. On September 3, 2016, he was released by the Browns.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miami Dolphins bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fresno State Bulldogs bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ex-49er Marlon Moore is back with the Dolphins

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Marlon Moore

wikipedia_title: Marlon Moore


text:
Liège
Paris
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis d'or
Louis XIII
Académie de peinture et de sculpture
History of mints
Aubin Olivier
Painting of Louis XIV and Jean Varin

categories: 1670s deaths,1604 births,People from Liège,17th-century engravers

paragraph: Jean Varin

paragraph: Jean Varin or Warin (6 February 1604 Liège – 26 August 1672 Paris) was a French sculptor and engraver who made important innovations in the process of minting coins.

paragraph: Born in Liège, Varin moved to Paris in 1626. After demonstrating talent as an engraver, he obtained the support of Cardinal Richelieu and in 1647 was appointed head of the French mint. Varin brought back the use of the screw press in the mint, and used it to produce the Louis d'or, a gold coin featuring a portrait of Louis XIII. In 1665, he was made a member of the Académie de peinture et de sculpture.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of mints

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aubin Olivier

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Painting of Louis XIV and Jean Varin

alias:
Jean Warin
Jean II Warin
Jean II Varin

description: French sculptor

wikidata_label: Jean Varin

wikipedia_title: Jean Varin


text:
fl.
Provençal
troubadour
Marseille
Barral dels Baus
viscount of Marseille
love songs
Charles of Anjou
Count of Provence
Angevin
Catalonia
Peter III of Aragon
infante
James I
Barcelona
Alfonso X of Castile
jongleur
Cerverí de Girona
Folquet de Lunel
War of the Sicilian Vespers
rule of Italy
Ghibelline
Henry of Castile
James
Majorca
Bonifaci VI de Castellana
planh
pastorela
Manfred of Sicily
Edward I of England
cobla
tenso
torneyamen
Guiraut Riquier
Jordan IV of L'Isle-Jourdain
Raimon Izarn
Riquer, Martín de
Complete works
"Senh'en Jorda, sie·us manda Livernos"

categories: French male poets,People from Marseille,Troubadours

paragraph: Paulet de Marselha

paragraph: Paulet de Marselha (fl. 1262–1268) was a Provençal troubadour from Marseille. Three of his eight surviving works are dedicated to Barral dels Baus, the viscount of Marseille. Three were love songs composed in Marseille during an era of peace. While his patron Barral eventually came to support Charles of Anjou as Count of Provence and followed him into wars in Italy, where he died, Paulet was opposed Angevin dominance of Provence and was deprived of his possessions and forced to flee, becoming a "faidit" (dispossessed exile) in Catalonia.

paragraph: In Catalonia he turned up at the court of Peter III of Aragon, then heir and "infante" of James I, at Barcelona in April–May 1262. From 1262 to 1266 he was at the court of Alfonso X of Castile. By October 1267 he had returned to Peter and a "Paulet joglar" (Paulet the jongleur) appears in the "infante"'s entourage, undoubtedly Paulet de Marselha.

paragraph: Like other poets (Cerverí de Girona and Folquet de Lunel) associated with the Angevin domination of Provence and the court culture of Peter of Aragon (who waged the War of the Sicilian Vespers against the Angevins) and Alfonso of Castile (who contested the rule of Italy with them), Paulet was a staunch Ghibelline. His poem "Ab marriment et ab mala sabensa" is customarily dated to 1268 or 1269, when he is last heard of. It was written to encourage the liberation of Henry of Castile, then a captive of Charles of Anjou in Italy.

paragraph: Paulet had a connexion with James, Peter's younger brother and heir of Montpellier and Majorca. Sometime before 1262 he wrote a love song in the refrain of which he charges that because Charles of Anjou had separated him from his lover he would not, for that alone, honour him. Instead he dedicated his poem to James:

paragraph: Perhaps as a result of this diplomacy James intervened in favour of Marseille when the city rebelled in 1262. The rebellion, led by Barral and Bonifaci VI de Castellana, was eventually put down, but it was the cause of Paulet's exile. Despite the fact that Barral eventually reconciled with Charles, Paulet nevertheless mourned his death (in 1268) in a "planh" entitled "Razos no es que hom deja chantar" ("There are no reasons left for men to sing").

paragraph: Sometime between April 1265 and February 1266 Paulet composed "L'autrier m'anav'ab cor pensiu", a unique "pastorela" in which he and a "pastora" (shepherdess) discuss the merits of Peter III as the saviour of Provence. This "pastorela" is dated based on a reference to "rei Marfre" (evidently Manfred of Sicily). Paulet also expresses a desire to see an alliance with "N'Audoart" (Edward I of England) against Charles of Anjou.

paragraph: Paulet also contributed one "cobla" to "Senh'en Jorda, sie·us manda Livernos", a four-way "tenso" (called a "torneyamen") between himself, Guiraut Riquier, Jordan IV of L'Isle-Jourdain, and Raimon Izarn.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Riquer, Martín de. "Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos". 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete works at trobar.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Senh'en Jorda, sie·us manda Livernos" at Rialto.

description: French troubadour

wikidata_label: Paulet de Marselha

wikipedia_title: Paulet de Marselha