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text: Paul Di'Anno: 30 Years of the Beast

categories: English baritones,Iron Maiden members,Metal Mind Productions artists,English people of Brazilian descent,People from Chingford,English heavy metal singers,Prisoners and detainees of the United Kingdom,1958 births,English fraudsters,English male singers,English rock singers,English punk rock singers,Living people,Gogmagog (band) members

paragraph: Paul Di'Anno

paragraph: Paul Andrews (born 17 May 1958), better known by his stage name Paul Di'Anno, is a British singer who was the first vocalist to record with heavy metal band Iron Maiden, from 1977 to 1981.

paragraph: In his post-Maiden career, Di'Anno has issued numerous albums over the years, as both a solo artist and as a member of such bands as Gogmagog, Di'Anno's Battlezone, Praying Mantis, Killers, and Rockfellas.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Iron Maiden (1977–1981).

paragraph: Di'Anno was born and grew up in Chingford with a Brazilian father and holds dual British and Brazilian citizenship– spending his teenage years singing in various rock bands and working as a butcher and chef. He became the band's singer after the departure of the very unpredictable Dennis Wilcock, who had pressured Iron Maiden founder and bassist Steve Harris into firing every member of the band (including Dave Murray), before becoming fed up himself. According to Iron Maiden's "" DVD, he was introduced to the band by drummer Doug Sampson, an old friend of Harris' from his days in the band Smiler. It was around this time that he first adopted the stage name Di'Anno, which he would later use to claim Italian descent. Their first audition with Rod Smallwood reputedly failed when Di'Anno was arrested for showing off his pocket-knife in public.

paragraph: 1980's self-titled release quickly became acknowledged as a classic of its genre, as the band merged punk's energy with metal's riffs and progressive rock complexity, serving as the blueprint for such future genres as thrash metal and speed metal. 1981 saw the release of their second album, "Killers", as well as a stopgap live EP, "Maiden Japan". After having cancelled gigs due to Di'Anno's inability and, at times, lack of desire to perform, which had resulted from cocaine/amphetamine abuse and heavy drinking, Iron Maiden decided that to progress they would have to find a singer capable of withstanding the rigours of being on tour. They found a replacement in former Samson frontman Bruce Dickinson. Di'Anno's last show with the band was on 10 September 1981 at the Odd Fellow's Mansion in Copenhagen, Denmark.

paragraph: In 1981, Di'Anno left Iron Maiden after a meeting with the band and their manager Rod Smallwood. In Di'Anno's words: "It's like having Mussolini and Adolf Hitler run your band. Because it is Rod Smallwood and Steve Harris and that's it. There can't be anyone else and my character is too strong for that so me an' Steve was always fighting".

paragraph: Di'Anno was paid out by Smallwood at the time of his departure and does not receive royalties on Iron Maiden songs.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Di'Anno (1983–1985).

paragraph: Di'Anno was the first project by Paul Di'Anno after he was fired from Iron Maiden. This group was originally called Lonewolf but after disagreement with a group already called Lone Wolf, they changed their name and ended up recording only one album under the simple moniker of Di'Anno. On the tour Paul refused to play any Iron Maiden songs (much to the dismay of the crowd), playing only their own songs and a few other covers (most notably Van Halen's version of The Kinks' "You Really Got Me" and "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood"). Having little success, the six-piece band disbanded shortly after they were done touring. The only other recordings available from this band are a single of "Heartuser", a Japanese single of "Flaming Heart" and a Sweden-only VHS release called "Live at the Palace" (also available on DVD as "Di'Anno Live from London"). During the latter performance, the band played an unreleased song entitled "Spiritual Guidance", which Paul told the audience would be on the band's forthcoming album. This album was never recorded.

paragraph: Last known line-up:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno – lead vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lee Slater – guitars, vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. J. Ward – guitars, vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kevin Browne – bass, vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Venables – keyboards, vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Noon - drums (replacing Dave Irving from the album line-up)

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Gogmagog (1985).

paragraph: In 1985, Di'Anno joined a project that was intended to be a supergroup. The group, called "Gogmagog" (see the Biblical book Ezekiel 38:1–2), was put together by DJ and record producer Jonathan King, best known for discovering the group Genesis in the late 1960s. King assembled a star-studded lineup featuring Di'Anno, drummer Clive Burr, guitarists Janick Gers and Pete Willis and bassist Neil Murray, but the members became increasingly frustrated by a policy that forbade them from writing any original material. Gogmagog released a three song E.P. on the independent Food For Thought label in 1985 entitled "I Will Be There", with Russ Ballard writing the title song and producer King writing the other two songs. Although reviews were generally positive, the EP did not chart and the group disbanded after King began to lose interest in the project. Di'Anno has been completely dismissive of the short-lived project, referring to it as "nothing" and claiming he only got involved for the money.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Battlezone (1985–1989, 1998).

paragraph: After the breakup of his self-titled band, Di'Anno formed Strike with DeeRal (guitar) who recruited drummer Bob Falck (who had used the name Sid Falck while playing drums in Overkill) and the Hurley brothers John (2nd guitar) and Chaz (bass). The project was eventually named Battlezone, after a name straight from a comic book, upon the vocalist's return to Britain in 1985. Paul had previously known guitarists John Wiggins and John Hurley from bands such as Deep Machine and Iron Cross.

paragraph: The band's initial line-up comprised Di'Anno, guitarists John Wiggins & John Hurley, bassist Laurence Kessler and Adam Parsons on drums. The latter had gone under the stage name A.D. Dynamite whilst in Aunt May. However, Parsons left shortly after to replace Vince Hoare in the London-based glam band Belladonna (formed by former Hell's Belles vocalist Paul Quigley, with Paul Lewis, Jeff Fox and Neil Criss) and Falck reappeared on the scene in time to record the band's first album " written by Di'Anno & DeeRal Fighting Back". 1986 also saw the enrollment of former Lonewolf and Tokyo Blade guitarist John Wiggins.

paragraph: Battlezone performed a club tour of America in 1987 to promote the début "Fighting Back", but musical differences, arguments and physical fights within the band led to the departure of John Hurley and Bob Falck after the first tour. According to Di'Anno's book "The Beast", Hurley had become an "egomaniac" and the drummer Falck a "liability", so they were thrown out the band. Their places were taken by ex-Persian Risk members Graham Bath and Steve Hopgood respectively, following the tour's completion.

paragraph: The second album to be released was entitled "Children of Madness" and achieved considerable commercial success. It featured a track entitled "Metal Tears", which is about a guy who was unable to have a steady relationship and built a female robot who he subsequently fell in love with. The original idea came from a book titled "Clone". However, the track received criticism from the media for being very similar to a track (entitled "London") on Queensrÿche's "Rage for Order" album.

paragraph: "Guitarist Graham Bath, who had been recruited to play second guitar, wasn't enthusiastic about touring, so he was fired from the band. Pete West (Peter Vester), the bassist, recommended a replacement Alf Batz, who joined just in time to go to New York for the video shoot." The video for "I Don't Wanna Know" was played in rotation on MTV in the US.

paragraph: Drugs and infighting again put a strain on the band. Towards the end of the final tour, most members had quit leaving Di'Anno to complete the tour with a backing band in order to fulfil his contract.

paragraph: Subsequently, American guitarist Randy Scott, along with Dave Harman on guitar and Eddie Davidson on bass, signed up with Battlezone. However, the band were without proper management and disbanded shortly after. Battlezone played their last concert on 10 December 1989, at Dynamo Open Air in Eindhoven, Netherlands .

paragraph: Following the breakup of Battlezone, Di'Anno and Hopgood formed the power metal band Killers releasing four albums. Hurley would later form glam rock band L.O. Girls and release the "Twelve Bore Honeymoon" single in 1990 and "Just Can't Say I Love You" in 1993. During 1990, Di'Anno fronted Praying Mantis for a tour of Japan, which was recorded for the subsequent "Live at Last" album release with ex-Iron Maiden guitarist Dennis Stratton. Wiggins joined a reformed Tokyo Blade in 1995.

paragraph: By 1998, Di'Anno had resurrected the name Battlezone. Joining him were Wiggins and fellow ex-Tokyo Blade members bassist Colin Riggs and drummer Marc Angel. Second guitars were supplied by the Brazilian Paulo Turin. This line-up cut the album "Feel My Pain", released by the fledgling "Zoom Club" label. Working titles for the album included "Spoon Face" and "Smack", both containing references to heroin use. The album had a heavier edge compared to the first two Battlezone albums. The band undertook a sold-out Brazilian tour in January 1998, with erstwhile Killers colleagues bassist Gavin Cooper and guitarist Nick Burr joining on this South American tour.

paragraph: The band toured Brazil in the same year playing a three-week tour to sold-out audiences up to 6000 fans a night. Being brought back down to earth, Battlezone upon their return home put on a gig at the Walthamstow Royal Standard with an audience of only a hundred or so and a gig at JB's Dudley in the West Midlands attracting fewer than a dozen fans. A live track from the Walthamstow gig later appeared on a compilation of all three Battlezone albums, entitled "Cessation of Hostilities". Ex-Battlezone bassist Gavin Cooper joined Lionsheart in December 2004, then moved onto Statetrooper in May 2005. The bassist subsequently joined the ranks of Magnum singer Bob Catley's solo band for UK dates in April 2006.

paragraph: In mid-2008, a Battlezone compilation entitled "The Fight Goes On" was released as on the Phantom Sound & Vision label as a 3-CD box set featuring all 3 Battlezone studio albums.

paragraph: Last known line-up:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno – Vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johnny "Bravo" Wiggins – Guitars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paulo Turin – Guitars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colin Riggs – Bass

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Angel – Drums

paragraph: Former/past member(s):

paragraph: BULLET::::- DeeRal – Guitars

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Hurley – Guitars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Graham Bath – Guitars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alf Batz – Guitars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Randy Scott – Guitars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dave Harman – Guitars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chaz Hurley – Bass

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Vester – Bass (listed as "Pete West" on the back covers of "Fighting Back" and "Children of Madness")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eddie Davidson – Bass

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bob "Sid" Falck – Drums

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. Michael D.- Drums

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steve Hopgood – Drums

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Praying Mantis (1990).

paragraph: After being dropped by BMG, Praying Mantis disbanded. Then, in a Spinal Tap-ish twist of fate, Paul Di'Anno called Dennis Stratton in 1989, about the Japanese wanting to have a ten-year anniversary of the new wave of British heavy metal. The band found themselves enjoying a renaissance in Tokyo, Japan, prompting a reformation and tour in April 1990, which yielded the "Live at Last" LP.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Killers (1990–1997, 2001–2003).

paragraph: Killers was formed back in the summer of 1991. Cliff Evans was living in New York with Arnie Goodman, the manager of Fastway. Steve Hopgood, who played in Battlezone with Di'Anno previously, called Evans and outlined his plans for a new band. Di'Anno and Hopgood flew over to New York from the U.K. where they formed a band.

paragraph: Within a few days, Killers had hired John Gallagher (from Raven) to play bass on a short-term basis. Former member of Drive She Said and New York session player Ray Detone was brought in on second guitar.

paragraph: Shortly afterward, a live album called "Assault on South America" was recorded, featuring a number of Iron Maiden and Battlezone tracks and covers of "We Will Rock You" and "Smoke on the Water". This was funded by Rock in Rio promoter Carlos Genesio and to be released primarily for the South American market. "Recorded in Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela in Summer of 1993" is splashed on the back cover. However, according to John Gallagher, the South American tour fell thorough so the entire album was recorded on a mobile recording truck in New York. Later, a Canada-based record company called Magnetic Air Productions issued a pirate (bootleg) release worldwide, under a different cover, with no royalties being paid to the band.

paragraph: Killers then played 2 days of showcases at Arnie Goodman's New York City studio for several major record companies including Virgin, EMI, Sony and BMG. Representatives flew into New York from all over the world to see Killers play. They played only Iron Maiden songs because the band had not written any material. Maiden songs played included "Phantom of the Opera" and "Wrathchild" which evidently impressed a BMG representative enough to give the band a $250,000 contract. BMG were unaware that these songs had been recorded previously.

paragraph: Once Killers had the record deal, they started to write the first album entitled "Murder One". Rob Fraboni was recruited to produce the record. The band moved to Binghamton, where they stayed in a motel in which the owner had a set up rehearsal studio. The album was written in about in two weeks. Fraboni then took Killers to White Crow Audio (Burlington, Vermont) to record the drums which took about half a day. Finally, vocals and final mixing were performed at The Powerstation in New York.

paragraph: Nick Burr left Killers after the completion of "Murder One" and was replaced by former Battlezone and Persian Risk guitarist Graham Bath. For the next 18 months the band toured around the world playing to fans all over Europe, Japan and coast to coast across the USA.

paragraph: After the tour of "Murder One", Killers returned to the U.K. while Di'Anno stayed in the U.S. Around this time, Di'Anno married an English girl, whom he flew into New York. Drugs and alcohol took their toll and the marriage quickly fell apart. Di'Anno left New York and moved in with his new American girlfriend in L.A. A fight between him and her involving a knife caught the attention of the police, who came into the apartment and arrested him for spousal abuse, cocaine possession and firearms offences. After a court appearance, he was sentenced to spend four months in an L.A. jail and Di'Anno was branded by the judge as a 'menace to society'. It was here that Di'Anno began writing songs for the next Killers album and posting tapes back and forth to the UK, where the band were now living.

paragraph: Di'Anno returned to the UK after being deported. It was here that the band was already signed to Bleeding Hearts records located in Newcastle, where they recorded their second studio album, entitled "Menace to Society". However, with a Pantera-like style it was poorly received by many critics with the exception of "Metal Hammer" magazine in Germany who voted it as the "Best New Album" for that year.

paragraph: By 2003, Di'Anno and Cliff Evans went on tour as the only original members of Killers remaining. Di'Anno hired new musicians whom he remembered from touring in Germany and Austria. Marcus Thurston joined the band as second guitarist, Darayus Kaye took over bass duties and Pete Newdeck on drums. Steve Hopgood had to retire as he developed tinnitus in his ears. The guitarist Graham Bath damaged his hands from playing so much over the years and developed arthritis. According to Di'Anno, he wanted Clive Burr (ex-Iron Maiden) on drums, but he could not get to rehearsals in time. Later on, Burr was to become severely ill from multiple sclerosis and died in 2013.

paragraph: By 2004, Killers had disbanded. Cliff Evans, the former Killers guitarist and last original member of the band apart from Di'Anno, subsequently formed his own record company called Soundhouse Records and re-released the entire Killers back catalogue with the addition of another live album entitled "Killers Live at the Marquee" in 2008. "Murder One" album was reissued with 2 acoustic bonus tracks – "Wrathchild" and "Dreamkeeper". Following this, Paul Di'Anno made both Killers studio albums available for download free of charge through his own website. Following legal action, Evans was forced to cease selling any Killers material on his label.

paragraph: In December 2013, Paul Di'Anno and Cliff Evans announced that the band would regroup and release a new album entitled "The Lazarus Syndrome". Producer Phil Kinmanm who had worked on Tank's album "War Nation" was announced to be involved with the new project.

paragraph: Last known line-up

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno – Vocals (Di'Anno, ex-Battlezone, ex-Gogmagog (UK), ex-Iron Maiden)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cliff Evans – Guitars (Chicken Shack, Headfirst, Tank)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Graham Bath – Guitars (Persian Risk, Sphinx)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brad Wiseman – Bass

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steve Hopgood – Drums (ex-Battlezone, ex-Chinatown, ex-Jagged Edge, Persian Risk, Shy, Tank, Wild)

paragraph: Former/past member(s)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Gallagher – Bass (1991–1992) (Raven)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ray Ditone – Guitars (1991–1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nick Burr – Guitars (1992) (ex-Battlezone, ex-Idol Rich, ex-Tyrant, now Bad Back Band)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gavin Cooper – Bass (1992–1994) (ex-Battlezone)

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Nomad /Di'Anno (1999–2001, 2003–08).

paragraph: Following the demise of the new Battlezone unit put together in 1998, Di'Anno teamed up with expat Brazilian guitarist Paulo Turin and lived in São Paulo during 2000. A new band was created initially under the banner of "Nomad" and featured an all Brazilian line up. It was economically and logistically preferable for Di'Anno to live in Brazil during this period, in order to tour South America and release a self-produced album pleasing to that particular market. The album was distributed by Perris Records. However, complete worldwide distribution was not achieved.

paragraph: The album was repackaged and released as "The Living Dead". The package included a DVD video for the title track. This was recorded in the East London Docks and directed by Swedish director Mats Lundberg from Doom Films, who went to London to work on the concept with Di'Anno's manager Lea Hart. All of the special effects were added in Sweden and the story line was based on the lyrics and message of the song. Few previously released live Iron Maiden tracks were also added to the CD.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:RockFellas (2008–2010).

paragraph: Late 2008, Di'anno relocated to the southeast of Brazil and toured with a new band/project named RockFellas with three Brazilian musicians: Jean Dolabella (drummer) ex-Diesel/Udora/Sepultura, Marcão (guitarist) of Charlie Brown Jr. and Canisso of Raimundos/ex-Rodox, playing rock & roll and metal classics. There, he was nicknamed "Paulo Baiano" ("Paulo" = Paul in Portuguese, Baiano = Who was born in Bahia), being the "Paulo Baiano" nickname a pun/joke, for his name, Paul Di'Anno, is pronounced in a very similar way to the nickname above.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Norwegian live band (2008–2015).

paragraph: Early 2008, Di'Anno toured Norway and later Eastern Europe in 2009 with an all-Norwegian backing band consisting of musicians Henrik "Rick" Hagan (drums), Are Gogstad (bass), Anders Buaas (guitar) and Jon Vegard Naess (guitar). Anders Buaas was later replaced by guitarist Rikard Nilsen.

paragraph: The band went on to do several tours of Sweden, and made festival appearances at Hard Rock Hell (Wales, UK 2013), Voxbotn (Faroe Islands, Denmark 2013), Tons of Rock (Halden, Norway 2014), Sweden Rock Festival (Norje, Sweden 2014) and Rock Against Narcorics (Pune, India 2015), before doing a final tour of Sweden in the summer of 2015.

paragraph: The band has also toured with Blaze Bayley and Tim Ripper Owens.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Present.

paragraph: Di'Anno was, before being jailed in March 2011, recording a new solo album with Paulo Turin, the guitarist who worked on "Feel My Pain" and "Nomad". The album was being produced by Dieter Roth in his studio in Germany. However, work on the album ceased due to record company problems.

paragraph: He maintained an extensive world tour schedule including two recent trips through America where traditional metal band, Icarus Witch served as both his opening and backing band.

paragraph: In June 2012, Paul Di'Anno was given the Freedom of The City of Bariloche in Argentina for charitable work carried out several years ago.

paragraph: In 2013, Di'Anno is doing his last world tour before retiring due to a severe knee injury.

paragraph: In 2014, Di'Anno sang on lead vocals on the bonus track "Fuck You All" on the album "Big Trouble" by hard rock band Hollywood Monsters. The album was released in 2014 on Mausoleum Records and features Steph Honde on vocals and guitars, Vinny Appice on drums, Tim Bogert on bass and Don Airey on keyboards.

paragraph: In August 2014, Di'Anno has scrapped his retirement plans and released a new album with his new band, Architects of Chaoz called The League of Shadows (Released on 29 July 2015 (also featuring members of Paul's longtime German touring backing group The Phantomz).

paragraph: In the year 2015, Paul returned to Brazil on his tour "The Beast is Back", saying that this would be his last in the country. In this tour, the singer was accompanied by musicians from Rio de Janeiro, Vinnie Tex (Guitar), Thiago Velasquez (Bass) and drummer Braulio Drumond, they currently part of the North American Leather Leone´s band. Paul made eight presentations around the country. These members would be part of the new band of Paul, like he announced on facebook, however by health problems, the singer had to pause activities and the project in standby.

paragraph: In May 2016, Di'Anno was hospitalized for undisclosed medical issues and was forced to cancel his previously announced June 2016 tour of Brazil. According to the tour's promoter, Blog n Roll Produções, Di'Anno is undergoing a series of tests to help ensure an accurate diagnosis and identify an appropriate course of treatment.

paragraph: On 29 October 2017 Di’Anno joined The Iron Maidens on stage for their encore at the O2 Academy in Islington, London, performing Wrathchild and Iron Maiden. Di’Anno appeared in a wheelchair.

paragraph: Section::::The Beast.

paragraph: Di'Anno has released an autobiography titled "The Beast" () and has had interludes with various drugs. The book includes a chapter of stories and comments regarding Di'Anno from former bandmates including Dennis Stratton, John Wiggins and Steve Hopgood. The book features many accounts of Di'Anno's violence towards people, including women, and the explanation of his ban from America. It was controversial for these reasons.

paragraph: Section::::Singing style.

paragraph: In comparison to the soaring, operatic vocals of his successor in Iron Maiden, Di'Anno is remembered for having a more guttural "punk" sound to his singing, in part because he began his singing career in punk band the Paedophiles. He usually sang with a raspy and rougher sound, although he was capable of singing with a purer voice as demonstrated by slower numbers like "Remember Tomorrow", "Strange World" and "Prodigal Son".

paragraph: Later in his career Di'Anno's style, along with his music, became darker and more aggressive as Iron Maiden evolved into a more progressive outfit.

paragraph: Section::::Other interests.

paragraph: Di'Anno has had several businesses outside of the music industry, including an internet café and a hotel/restaurant in England, both of which he sold. He was last resident in Salisbury, Wiltshire.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In February 2011, Di'Anno was convicted on eight counts of benefit fraud for claiming more than £45,000 under false pretenses. On 11 March 2011, he was jailed for nine months at Salisbury Crown Court. He has since been released early from prison, having only served two of the nine months to which he was sentenced.

paragraph: Di'Anno's religious affiliation is made uncertain by his own words; he has given interviews that contradict each other on this subject, perhaps as a practical joke. He has a tattoo on the back of his head that says "666" and "GOD = SUCKER". According to his autobiography, he converted to Islam in the 1990s after reading the Qur'an. However he has subsequently reversed that position: "I think religion kills everybody. I don’t believe in it. ... No, my father was a Muslim, I must admit. But I don’t give a fuck." In later interviews Di'Anno clarifies that he never was a true Muslim, that he never stopped drinking, but tried to become a better person by applying some of the Muslim philosophies to his life. His autobiography furthers the confusion, in various passages he claims to be Muslim, Catholic, Jewish and Aborigine.

paragraph: Di'Anno has been married five times and has six children.

paragraph: Section::::Band timeline.

paragraph: Note: List excludes Di'Anno's many guest appearances on tribute albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iron Maiden (1978–81)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Di'Anno (1983–85)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gogmagog (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno's Battlezone (1986–89)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Praying Mantis (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Killers (1990–97)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Original Iron Men (1995–96)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno's Battlezone (1997–98)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Almighty Inbredz (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno (1999–2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Di' Anno (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno's Killers a.k.a. Paul Di' Anno & Killers (2001–03)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno (2003–05)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno & Maiden England (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno & Children of the Damned (2002–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di' Anno & The Phantoms of the Opera (2005–2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Architects of Chaoz (2014—2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Iron Maiden.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Soundhouse Tapes" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iron Maiden" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live!! +one" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Killers" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the Rainbow" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maiden Japan" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "12 Wasted Years" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1990)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Best of the Beast" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ed Hunter" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "BBC Archives" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Best of the 'B' Sides" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Essential Iron Maiden" (2005)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Di'Anno.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the Palace" (VHS, 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Di'Anno" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flaming Heart" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heartuser" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nomad" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the Palace" (DVD, 2005)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The World's First Iron Man" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "As Hard as Iron" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyond the Maiden" (Compilation, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Masters" (Compilation, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beast" (Live, 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beast in the East" (Live, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Living Dead" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Maiden Years - The Classics" (Compilation, 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iron Maiden Days & Evil Nights" (Compilation, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wrathchild - The Anthology" (Compilation, 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beast Arises" (DVD, 2014)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Battlezone.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fighting Back" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Children of Madness" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Warchild" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feel My Pain" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cessation of Hostilities" (Compilation with all three studio albums Battlezone released + Children of madness demo tracks and one new live track, 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fight Goes On" (Boxset including all three Battlezone studio albums, 2008)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Killers a.k.a. Paul Di' Anno & Killers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Murder One" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "South American Assault Live" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Menace to Society" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Live & Rare" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Killers Live at the Whiskey" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Screaming Blue Murder – The Very Best of Paul Di'Anno's Killers" (2002)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Gogmagog.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Will Be There" EP (1985)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Dennis Stratton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Original Iron Men" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Original Iron Men 2" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hard As Iron" (compilation) (1996)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Praying Mantis & Paul Di'Anno, Dennis Stratton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at Last" (1991)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with The Almighty Inbredz.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Almighty Inbredz" (1999)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:with Architects of Chaoz.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "League of shadows" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:on compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metal for Muthas" (with Iron Maiden, 1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kaizoku" (1989, Song: "Danger on the Street II")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All Stars Featuring The Best Of British Heavy Metal & Heavy Rock Musicians" (1991, Song "She is danger")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "True Brits" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "True Brits 2" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "True Brits 3" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rock Hard Hard Rock" (1994, Songs: "No Repair", "She goes down")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "X-Mas: The Metal Way" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Killer Voices" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metal Monsters" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metal Christmas" a.k.a. "The 21st Century Rock Christmas Album" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hard ’n’ Heavy Rock" (2001, Song: "Lights Out")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wacken Rocks" (2001, Song: "Wrathchild (live)")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Classic Rock, Classic Rockers" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metal Masters – Killers" (2005, Song: "Killers")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rock Hard – Das Festival" (2007, Song: "Prowler (live)")

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:on tribute albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In The Name Of Satan - A Tribute To Venom (1998)" (with Killers: "Black Metal")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "666 The Number One Beast" (Iron Maiden Tribute) (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "666 The Number One Beast Volume 2" (Iron Maiden Tribute) (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Maiden Years" (Iron Maiden Tribute) (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gimme all your Top" (ZZ Top Tribute) (2000) (Song: "Sleeping Bag")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Boys are back" (Thin Lizzy Tribute) (2000)" (Song: "Killer On the Loose")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Only UFO can rock me" (UFO Tribute) (2001) (Song: Shoot Shoot)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Another Hair of the Dog" (Nazareth Tribute) (2001) (Songs: "Hair Of The Dog" and "Broken Down Angel")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hangar de Almas: Tributo A Megadeth (2005)" (Song: "Symphony Of Destruction")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Numbers from the Beast – An All Stars Tribute to Iron Maiden (2005)" (Song: "Wrathchild")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "World's Greatest Metal – Tribute to Led Zeppelin (2006)" (Song: "Kashmir")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An '80s Metal Tribute to Van Halen (2006)" (Song: "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Tribute to The Rolling Stones (2007)" (Songs: "I Wanna Be Your Man" and "Jumpin' Jack Flash")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Top Musicians Play The Rolling Stones (2010)" (Song: "Paint It Black")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thriller – A Metal Tribute To Michael Jackson (2013)" (Song: "Bad")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tribute to Rod Stewart and The Faces II (2015)" (Songs: "Hot Legs" and "Cindy Incidentally")

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Guest appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "English Steel: Start 'em young" (1993, Song: "She goes down")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "English Steel: Lucky Streak Vol. II" (1994, Songs: "Danger", "Dirty")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aciarium: The Heavy Metal Superstars" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Re-Vision: Longevity (2001)" (Song: "Larvae")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spearfish: Back, for the Future (2003)" (Song: "Justice In Ontario")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Destruction: Inventor of Evil" (2005) (Song: "The Alliance of Hellhoundz")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Michael Schenker Group: Heavy Hitters (2005)" (Song: "Hair Of The Dog")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ira: Gloria Eterna (2008)" (Song: "Marshall Lockjaw")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mantra: Building: Hell (2010)" (Song: "Master Of My Life")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Attick Demons: Atlantis" (2011, Song: "Atlantis")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Legions Of Crows: Stab Me (2011)" (Song: "Coventry Carol")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Så Jävla Metal: The History of Swedish Hard Rock and Heavy Metal (2011 Film)" (Song: "Så Jävla Metal")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wolfpakk: Wolfpakk" (2011) (Song: "The Crow")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prassein Aloga: Midas Touch" (2011, "See the Bodies" und "Flesh of Life")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Layla Milou: Reborn (2012)" (Song: "You Own Control")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scelerata: The Sniper" (2012) (Guest vocals, co-writing, composing)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rushmore: Kingdom Of Demons" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Red Dragon Cartell: Wasted" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hollywood Monsters: Big Trouble" (2014, bonus track: "Fuck you all")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Odium: The Science Of Dying (2014)" (Song: "Die With Pride")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maiden United: Remembrance (2015)" (Song: "Prowler")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mikael Fassberg: Lazy Sunday (2015)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coffee Overdrive: Rocket L(A)unch (2015)" (Song: "To The Top")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "United Artists Against Terrorism: Heroes (2016)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ibridoma: December (2016)" (Song: "I'm a Bully")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mikael Fassberg: All or Nothing (2017)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "AirForce (UK): Black Box Recordings Volume 2 (2018)" (Song: "Sniper")

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of new wave of British heavy metal bands

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blaze Bayley

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hollywood Monsters Official Facebook

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview at RockSomething

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Di'Anno: 30 Years of the Beast

alias:
Paul Andrews
Paul Michael Andrews
00073157383 IPI
00073157481 IPI

description: English heavy metal singer

wikidata_label: Paul Di'Anno

wikipedia_title: Paul Di'Anno


text:
CBE
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Henry James
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first novel
Red Cross
Russian-Austrian front
Petrograd
Lake District
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Hollywood
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
cameo
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incumbency
St Mary's Cathedral, Auckland
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Marlow
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day boy
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boarders
Jane Austen
Henry Fielding
Scott
Dickens
Trollope
Wilkie Collins
Henry Kingsley
Who's Who
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A.C.Benson
Eton
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Mersey Mission to Seamen
Liverpool
Elizabeth von Arnim
Epsom College
Horace Walpole
Richard Harris Barham
The Ingoldsby Legends
"The Standard"
Percy Anderson
Henry James
Reform Club
Leon Edel
Somerset Maugham
Michael Sadleir
The Observer
The Manchester Guardian
The San Francisco Chronicle
Arnold Bennett
public school
persona non grata
The Times Literary Supplement
Joseph Conrad
John Galsworthy
Maurice Hewlett
Gilbert Cannan
Compton Mackenzie
D H Lawrence
The Saturday Review
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Petrograd
Cross of Saint George
Konstantin Somov
Rye
Cornwall
Foreign Office
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The Daily News
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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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categories: English horror writers,20th-century English novelists,English mystery writers,20th-century British male writers,English male novelists,Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge,New Zealand emigrants to the United Kingdom,Members of the Detection Club,Knights Bachelor,James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients,LGBT writers from New Zealand,Gay writers,People educated at Truro School,People educated at Sir William Borlase's Grammar School,1941 deaths,1884 births,People educated at The King's School, Canterbury,Burials in Cumbria,LGBT writers from England,20th-century New Zealand novelists,People educated at Durham School

paragraph: Hugh Walpole

paragraph: Sir Hugh Seymour Walpole, CBE (13 March 18841 June 1941) was an English novelist. He was the son of an Anglican clergyman, intended for a career in the church but drawn instead to writing. Among those who encouraged him were the authors Henry James and Arnold Bennett. His skill at scene-setting and vivid plots, as well as his high profile as a lecturer, brought him a large readership in the United Kingdom and North America. He was a best-selling author in the 1920s and 1930s but has been largely neglected since his death.

paragraph: After his first novel, "The Wooden Horse", in 1909, Walpole wrote prolifically, producing at least one book every year. He was a spontaneous story-teller, writing quickly to get all his ideas on paper, seldom revising. His first novel to achieve major success was his third, "Mr Perrin and Mr Traill", a tragicomic story of a fatal clash between two schoolmasters. During the First World War he served in the Red Cross on the Russian-Austrian front, and worked in British propaganda in Petrograd and London. In the 1920s and 1930s Walpole was much in demand not only as a novelist but also as a lecturer on literature, making four exceptionally well-paid tours of North America.

paragraph: As a gay man at a time when homosexual practices were illegal for men in Britain, Walpole conducted a succession of intense but discreet relationships with other men, and was for much of his life in search of what he saw as "the perfect friend". He eventually found one, a married policeman, with whom he settled in the English Lake District. Having as a young man eagerly sought the support of established authors, he was in his later years a generous sponsor of many younger writers. He was a patron of the visual arts and bequeathed a substantial legacy of paintings to the Tate Gallery and other British institutions.

paragraph: Walpole's output was large and varied. Between 1909 and 1941 he wrote thirty-six novels, five volumes of short stories, two original plays and three volumes of memoirs. His range included disturbing studies of the macabre, children's stories and historical fiction, most notably his "Herries Chronicle" series, set in the Lake District. He worked in Hollywood writing scenarios for two Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films in the 1930s, and played a cameo in the 1935 version of "David Copperfield".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Walpole was born in Auckland, New Zealand, the eldest of three children of the Rev Somerset Walpole and his wife, Mildred Helen, "née" Barham (1854–1925). Somerset Walpole had been an assistant to the Bishop of Truro, Edward White Benson, from 1877 until 1882, when he was offered the incumbency of St Mary's Cathedral, Auckland; on Benson's advice he accepted.

paragraph: Mildred Walpole found it hard to settle in New Zealand, and something of her restlessness and insecurity affected the character of her eldest child. In 1889, two years after the birth of the couple's daughter, Dorothea ("Dorothy"), Somerset Walpole accepted a prominent and well-paid academic post at the General Theological Seminary, New York. Robert ("Robin"), the third of the couple's children, was born in New York in 1892. Hugh and Dorothy were taught by a governess until the middle of 1893, when the parents decided that he needed an English education.

paragraph: Walpole was sent to England, where according to his biographer Rupert Hart-Davis the next ten years were the unhappiest time of Walpole's life. He first attended a preparatory school in Truro. Though he missed his family and felt lonely he was reasonably happy, but he moved to Sir William Borlase's Grammar School in Marlow in 1895, where he was bullied, frightened and miserable. He later said, "The food was inadequate, the morality was 'twisted', and Terror – sheer, stark unblinking Terror – stared down every one of its passages ... The excessive desire to be loved that has always played so enormous a part in my life was bred largely, I think, from the neglect I suffered there".

paragraph: In 1896 Somerset Walpole discovered his son's horror of the Marlow school and he moved him to the King's School, Canterbury. For two years he was a fairly content, though undistinguished, pupil there. In 1897 Walpole senior was appointed principal of Bede College, Durham, and Hugh was moved again, to be a day boy for four years at Durham School. He found that day boys were looked down on by boarders, and that Bede College was the subject of snobbery within the university. His sense of isolation increased. He continually took refuge in the local library, where he read all the novels of Jane Austen, Henry Fielding, Scott and Dickens and many of the works of Trollope, Wilkie Collins and Henry Kingsley. Walpole wrote in 1924:

paragraph: Though Walpole was no admirer of the schools he had attended there, the cathedral cities of Truro, Canterbury and Durham made a strong impression on him. He drew on aspects of them for his fictional cathedral city of Polchester in Glebeshire, the setting of many of his later books. Walpole's memories of his time at Canterbury grew mellower over the years; it was the only school he mentioned in his "Who's Who" entry.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Cambridge, Liverpool and teaching.

paragraph: From 1903 to 1906 Walpole studied history at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. While there he had his first work published, the critical essay "Two Meredithian Heroes", which was printed in the college magazine in autumn 1905. As an undergraduate he met and fell under the spell of A.C.Benson, formerly a greatly loved master at Eton, and by this time a don at Magdalene College. Walpole's religious beliefs, hitherto an unquestioned part of his life, were fading, and Benson helped him through that personal crisis. Walpole was also attempting to cope with his homosexual feelings, which for a while focused on Benson, who recorded in his diary in 1906 an unexpected outburst by his young admirer: "[H]e broke out rather eagerly into protestations – He cared for me more than anyone in the world. I could not believe it... It is extraordinarily touching... It is quite right that he should believe all this passionately; it is quite right that I should know that it will not last ... I tried to say this as tenderly as I could..."

paragraph: Benson gently declined Walpole's advances. They remained friends, but Walpole, rebuffed in his "excessive desire to be loved", turned the full force of his enthusiasms elsewhere, and the relationship with Benson became less important to him. Less than two years later Benson's diary entry on Walpole's subsequent social career reveals his thoughts on his protégé's progress:

paragraph: With Benson's help, Walpole had come to terms with the loss of his faith. Somerset Walpole, himself the son of an Anglican priest, hoped that his eldest son would follow him into the ministry. Walpole was too concerned for his father's feelings to tell him he was no longer a believer, and on graduation from Cambridge in 1906 he took a post as a lay missioner at the Mersey Mission to Seamen in Liverpool. He described that as one of the "greatest failures of my life... The Mission to Seamen was, and is, a splendid institution... but it needs men of a certain type to carry it through and I was not of that type." The head of the mission reprimanded him for lack of commitment to his work, and Walpole resigned after six months.

paragraph: From April to July 1907 Walpole was in Germany, tutoring the children of the popular author Elizabeth von Arnim. In 1908 he taught French at Epsom College. His brief experience of teaching is reflected in his third novel, "Mr Perrin and Mr Traill". As well as the clerical forebears, Walpole had notable authors in his family tree: on his father's side, the novelist and letter writer Horace Walpole, and on his mother's Richard Harris Barham, author of "The Ingoldsby Legends". It was as an author that Walpole felt impelled to make his career. He moved to London and found work as a book reviewer for "The Standard", writing fiction in his spare time. He had by this time recognised unreservedly that he was homosexual. His encounters were necessarily discreet, as such activities were illegal in Britain, and remained so throughout his lifetime. He was constantly searching for "the perfect friend"; an early candidate was the stage designer Percy Anderson, to whom he was intimately attached for some time from 1910 onwards.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early literary career.

paragraph: A. C. Benson was a friend of Henry James, to whom Walpole wrote a fan letter late in 1908, with Benson's encouragement. A correspondence ensued and in February 1909 James invited Walpole to lunch at the Reform Club in London. They developed a close friendship, described by James's biographer Leon Edel as resembling a father and son relationship in some, but not all, respects. James was greatly taken with the young Walpole, though clear-eyed about the deficiencies in the artistry and craftsmanship of his protégé's early efforts. According to Somerset Maugham, Walpole made a sexual proposition to James, who was too inhibited to respond. Nevertheless, in their correspondence the older man's devotion was couched in extravagant terms.

paragraph: Walpole published his first novel, "The Wooden Horse", in 1909. It told of a staid and snobbish English family shaken up by the return of one of its members from a less hidebound life in New Zealand. The book received good reviews but barely repaid the cost of having it typed. His first commercial success was "Mr Perrin and Mr Traill", published in 1911. The novelist and biographer Michael Sadleir writes that though some of the six novels Walpole wrote between 1909 and 1914 are of interest as examples of the author's developing style, it is "Mr Perrin and Mr Traill" that deserves to be remembered for its own sake. The book, subtitled "a tragi-comedy", is a psychological study of a deadly clash between two schoolmasters, one an ageing failure and the other a young, attractive idealist. In the view of Hart-Davis, Walpole only once recaptured "the fresh, clear cut realism" of this book, and Walpole himself, looking back on his work in the 1930s, felt that of all his books to date, it was the truest. "The Observer" gave the book a favourable review: "The slow growth of the poison within [Perrin] is traced with wonderful skill and sympathy ... one feels throughout these pages a sense of intolerable tension, of impending disaster"; "The Manchester Guardian" was less enthusiastic, praising the scene-setting but calling the story "an unconscientious melodrama". "The San Francisco Chronicle" praised its "technical excellence, imagination and beauty – Walpole at his best." Arnold Bennett, a well-established novelist seventeen years Walpole's senior, admired the book, and befriended the young author, regularly chiding, encouraging, sometimes mocking him into improving his prose, characters and narratives.

paragraph: The "Guardian" reviewer observed that the setting of "Mr Perrin and Mr Traill" – a second-rate public school – was clearly drawn from life, as indeed it was. The boys of Epsom College were delighted with the thinly disguised version of their school, but the college authorities were not, and Walpole was "persona non grata" at Epsom for many years. This was of no practical consequence, as he had no intention of returning to the teaching profession, but it was an early illustration of his capacity, noted by Benson, for unthinkingly giving offence, though being hypersensitive to criticism himself.

paragraph: In early 1914 James wrote an article for "The Times Literary Supplement" surveying the younger generation of British novelists and comparing them with their eminent elder contemporaries. In the latter category James put Bennett, Joseph Conrad, John Galsworthy, Maurice Hewlett and HGWells. The four new authors on whom he focused were Walpole, Gilbert Cannan, Compton Mackenzie and D H Lawrence. It was a very lengthy article, to the extent that it had to be spread across two issues of the Supplement in March and April 1914. James said that agreeing to write it had been "an insensate step", but from Walpole's point of view it was highly satisfactory: one of the greatest living authors had publicly ranked him among the finest young British novelists.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:First World War.

paragraph: As war approached, Walpole realised that his poor eyesight would disqualify him from serving in the armed forces. He volunteered to join the police, but was turned down; he then accepted a journalistic appointment based in Moscow, reporting for "The Saturday Review" and "The Daily Mail". He was allowed to visit the front in Poland, but his dispatches from Moscow (and later from Petrograd, which he preferred) were not enough to stop hostile comments at home that he was not doing his bit for the war effort. Henry James was so incensed at one such remark by a prominent London hostess that he stormed out of her house and wrote to Walpole suggesting that he should return to England. Walpole replied in great excitement that he had just been appointed as a Russian officer, in the Sanitar:

paragraph: While in training for the Sanitar, Walpole devoted his leisure hours to gaining a reasonable fluency in the Russian language, and to his first full-length work of non-fiction, a literary biography of Joseph Conrad. In the summer of 1915 he worked on the Austrian-Russian front, assisting at operations in field hospitals and retrieving the dead and wounded from the battlefield. Occasionally he found time to write brief letters home; he told Bennett, "A battle is an amazing mixture of hell and a family picnic – not as frightening as the dentist, but absorbing, sometimes thrilling like football, sometimes dull like church, and sometimes simply physically sickening like bad fish. Burying dead afterwards is worst of all." When disheartened he comforted himself with the thought, "This is not so bad as it was at Marlow".

paragraph: During an engagement early in June 1915 Walpole single-handedly rescued a wounded soldier; his Russian comrades refused to help and Walpole carried one end of a stretcher and dragged the man to safety. For this he was awarded the Cross of Saint George; General Lechitsky presented him with the medal in August. After his tour of duty Walpole returned to Petrograd. Among the city's attractions for him was the presence of Konstantin Somov, a painter with whom he had formed an intimate relationship. He remained there until October 1915, when he returned to England. He visited his family, stayed with Percy Anderson in London, telephoned Henry James in Rye, and retreated to a cottage he had bought in Cornwall. In January 1916 he was asked by the Foreign Office to return to Petrograd. Russians were being subjected to highly effective German propaganda. The writer Arthur Ransome, Petrograd correspondent of "The Daily News", had successfully lobbied for the establishment of a bureau to counter the German efforts, and the British ambassador, Sir George Buchanan, wanted Walpole to take charge.

paragraph: Before he left for Petrograd, Walpole's novel "The Dark Forest" was published. It drew on his experiences in Russia, and was more sombre than much of his earlier fiction. Reviews were highly favourable; "The Daily Telegraph" commented on "a high level of imaginative vision... reveals capacity and powers in the author which we had hardly suspected before."

paragraph: Walpole returned to Petrograd in February 1916. He moved into Somov's flat, and his Anglo-Russian Propaganda Bureau began work. The following month he suffered a personal blow: he recorded in his diary for 13 March 1916, "Thirty two to-day! Should have been a happy day but was completely clouded for me by reading in the papers of Henry James' death. This was a terrible shock to me." Walpole remained at the bureau for the rest of 1916 and most of 1917, witnessing the February Revolution. He wrote an official report on events for the Foreign Office, and also absorbed ideas for his fiction. In addition to the first of his popular "Jeremy" novels, written in his spare time from the bureau, he began work on the second of his Russian-themed books, "The Secret City". Sadleir writes that this novel and "The Dark Forest" "take a high place among his works, on account of their intuitive understanding of an alien mentality and the vigour of their narrative power." The book won the inaugural James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction.

paragraph: By late 1917 it was clear to Walpole and to the British authorities that there was little advantage in keeping him in Russia. On 7 November he left, missing the Bolshevik Revolution, which began on that day. He was appointed to a post at the Foreign Office in its Department of Information, headed by John Buchan. Soon after returning he volunteered for the British army, but, as expected, failed the necessary medical examination because of his poor sight. He continued to work in British propaganda when the department was reconstituted under Lord Beaverbrook in April 1918, and remained there for the rest of the war and beyond, resigning in February 1919. Little is known about what he wrote for the department, as most of its records were destroyed after the war, but he noted in his diary that he had written the department's official report to the War Cabinet: "a beastly job – the worst I've ever attempted". For his wartime work he was awarded the CBE in 1918.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-war and 1920s.

paragraph: Walpole remained prolific in the post-war years, and began a parallel and highly remunerative career as a lecturer in literature. At the instigation of his American publisher, George Doran, he made his first lecture tour of the US in 1919, receiving an enthusiastic welcome wherever he went. What Sadleir describes as Walpole's "genial and attractive appearance, his complete lack of aloofness, his exciting fluency as a speaker [and] his obvious and genuine liking for his hosts" combined to win him a large American following. The success of his talks led to increases in his lecturing fees, greatly enhanced sales of his books, and large sums from American publishers anxious to print his latest fiction. He was a prodigiously quick writer who seldom revised, but pressed on, keen to get his ideas down on paper. His main British publishers, Macmillan, found it expedient to appoint a senior member of staff to edit his manuscripts, correcting spelling, punctuation, inconsistencies and errors of historical fact. His fluency enabled him to fulfil between tours a contract from "The Pictorial Review" for ten short stories at the remarkable sum of $1,350 apiece.

paragraph: One of Walpole's major novels of the early post-war period was "The Cathedral", which unlike much of his fiction was not dashed off but worked on across four years, beginning in 1918. The story of an arrogant 19th-century archdeacon in conflict with other clergy and laity was certain to bring comparisons with Trollope's "Barchester Towers" ("The Manchester Guardian"s review was headed "Polchester Towers"), but unlike the earlier work, "The Cathedral" is wholly uncomic. The hubristic Archdeacon Brandon is driven to domestic despair, professional defeat and sudden death. The reviewer Ivor Brown commented that Walpole had earlier charmed many with his cheerful tales of Mayfair, but that in this novel he showed a greater side to his art: "This is a book with little happiness about it, but its stark strength is undeniable. "The Cathedral" is realism, profound in its philosophy and delicate in its thread." "The Illustrated London News" said, "No former novelist has seized quite so powerfully upon the cathedral fabric and made it a living character in the drama, an obsessing individuality at once benign and forbidding..."The Cathedral" is a great book."

paragraph: Walpole was a keen music lover and when in 1920 he heard a new tenor at the Proms he was much impressed and sought him out. Lauritz Melchior became one of the most important friendships of his life, and Walpole did much to foster the singer's budding career. Wagner's son Siegfried engaged Melchior for the Bayreuth Festival in 1924 and succeeding years. Walpole attended, and met Adolf Hitler, then recently released from prison after an attempted putsch. Hitler was a protégé of Siegfried's wife Winifred, and was known in Bayreuth as "one of Winnie's lame ducks." Walpole later admitted that he had both despised and liked him – "both emotions that time has proved I was wrong to indulge". This and future visits to Bayreuth were complicated by the fact that Winifred Wagner fell in love with Walpole, and attached herself so firmly to him that rumours began to spread.

paragraph: In 1924 Walpole moved into a house near Keswick in the Lake District. His large income enabled him to maintain his London flat in Piccadilly, but Brackenburn, on the slopes of Catbells overlooking Derwentwater, was his main home for the rest of his life. He was quickly made welcome by local residents, and the scenery and atmosphere of the Lake District often found their way into his fiction. The critic James Agate commented that one might think from some of Walpole's stories that their author had created the English Lakes, but that he was probably only consulted about them. At the end of 1924 Walpole met Harold Cheevers, who soon became his friend and companion and remained so for the rest of Walpole's life. In Hart-Davis's words, he came nearer than any other human being to Walpole's long-sought conception of a perfect friend. Cheevers, a policeman, with a wife and two children, left the police force and entered Walpole's service as his chauffeur. Walpole trusted him completely, and gave him extensive control over his affairs. Whether Walpole was at Brackenburn or Piccadilly, Cheevers was almost always with him, and often accompanied him on overseas trips. Walpole provided a house in Hampstead for Cheevers and his family.

paragraph: During the mid-twenties Walpole produced two of his best-known novels in the macabre vein that he drew on from time to time, exploring the fascination of fear and cruelty. "The Old Ladies" (1924) is a study of a timid elderly spinster exploited and eventually frightened to death by a predatory widow. "Portrait of a Man with Red Hair" (1925) depicts the malign influence of a manipulative, insane father on his family and others. Walpole described it to his fellow author Frank Swinnerton as "a simple shocker which it has amused me like anything to write, and won't bore you to read." In contrast he continued a series of stories for children, begun in 1919 with "Jeremy", taking the young hero's story forward with "Jeremy and Hamlet" (the latter being the boy's dog) in 1923, and "Jeremy at Crale" in 1927. Sadleir, writing in the 1950s, suggests that "the most real Walpole of all – because the most unselfconscious, kindly, and understanding friend – is the Walpole of the Jeremy trilogy." Of his other novels of the 1920s "Wintersmoon" (1928), his first attempt at a full-length love story, portrays a clash between traditionalism and modernism: his own sympathies, though not spelled out, were clearly with the traditionalists.

paragraph: By the 1930s, though his public success remained considerable, many literary critics saw Walpole as outdated. His reputation in literary circles took a blow from a malicious caricature in Somerset Maugham's 1930 novel "Cakes and Ale": the character Alroy Kear, a superficial novelist of more pushy ambition than literary talent, was widely taken to be based on Walpole. In the same year Walpole wrote possibly his best-known work, "Rogue Herries", a historical novel set in the Lake District. It was well-received: "The Daily Mail" considered it "not only a profound study of human character, but a subtle and intimate biography of a place." He followed it with three sequels; all four novels were published in a single volume as "The Herries Chronicle".

paragraph: In 1934 Walpole accepted an invitation from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios to go to Hollywood to write the scenario for a film adaptation of "David Copperfield". He enjoyed many aspects of life in Hollywood, but as one who rarely revised any of his own work he found it tedious to produce sixth and seventh drafts at the behest of the studio. He enjoyed his brief change of role from writer to bit-part player: in the film he played the Vicar of Blunderstone delivering a boring sermon that sends David to sleep. Agate was doubtful of the wisdom of this: "Does not Hugh see that to bring a well-known character from real life into an imaginary sequence of events is to destroy the reality of that imaginary sequence?" Nevertheless, Walpole's performance was a success. He improvised the sermon; the producer, David O Selznick, mischievously called for retake after retake to try to make him dry up, but Walpole fluently delivered a different extempore address each time.

paragraph: The critical and commercial success of the film of "David Copperfield" led to an invitation to return to Hollywood in 1936. When he got there he found that the studio executives had no idea which films they wanted him to work on, and he had eight weeks of highly paid leisure, during which he wrote a short story and worked on a novel. He was eventually asked to write the scenario for "Little Lord Fauntleroy", which he enjoyed doing. He spent most of his fees on paintings, forgetting to keep enough money to pay US tax on his earnings. He replenished his American funds with a lecture tour – his last – in late 1936.

paragraph: In 1937 Walpole was offered a knighthood. He accepted, though confiding to his diary that he could not think of a good novelist since Walter Scott who had done so. "Kipling, Hardy, Galsworthy all refused. But I'm not of their class, and range with Doyle, Anthony Hope and such... Besides I shall like being a knight."

paragraph: Walpole's taste for adventure did not diminish in his last years. In 1939 he was commissioned to report for William Randolph Hearst's newspapers on the funeral in Rome of Pope Pius XI, the conclave to elect his successor, and the subsequent coronation. A fellow correspondent was Tom Driberg, whose memoirs tell of a lunch "à deux" at which Walpole arrived flushed with excitement from a sexual encounter that morning with an attendant in the Borghese Palace. In the weeks between the funeral and Pius XII's election Walpole, with his customary fluency, wrote much of his book "Roman Fountain", a mixture of fact and fiction about the city. This was his last overseas visit.

paragraph: After the outbreak of the Second World War Walpole remained in England, dividing his time between London and Keswick, and continuing to write with his usual rapidity. He completed a fifth novel in the Herries series and began work on a sixth. His health was undermined by diabetes. He overexerted himself at the opening of Keswick's fund-raising "War Weapons Week" in May 1941, making a speech after taking part in a lengthy march, and died of a heart attack at Brackenburn, aged 57. He is buried in St John's churchyard in Keswick.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Legacy.

paragraph: Walpole was a keen and discerning collector of art. Sir Kenneth Clark called him "one of the three or four real patrons of art in this country, and of that small body he was perhaps the most generous and the most discriminating." He left fourteen works to the Tate Gallery and Fitzwilliam Museum, including paintings by Cézanne, Manet, Augustus John, Tissot and Renoir.

paragraph: Sadleir notes how Walpole's considerable income enabled him to indulge not only his love of art and of old books and manuscripts, but also philanthropy, particularly towards younger writers. Although Walpole enjoyed the limelight, he was secretive about his many acts of generosity to younger writers, with both encouragement and financial help. After his death some idea of the scale of his generosity was discovered. Osbert Sitwell commented, "I don't think there was any younger writer of any worth who has not at one time or another received kindness of an active kind, and at a crucial moment, from Hugh". Hart-Davis lists thirty-eight authors from whom letters of gratitude were found among Walpole's correspondence; Sadleir writes of Walpole's "generous kindness to literary aspirants and to writers fallen on evil days... by immediate financial assistance, by prefaces freely supplied or by collaboration volunteered, by introductions and recommendations to likely publishers, Walpole relieved the distresses of authorship to a degree which will never be fully known." Agate, though himself the recipient of Walpole's generosity on occasion, thought it sometimes went too far: "Mr Walpole's large-heartedness gets him into all kinds of trouble. He is an inveterate patter. He pats on the back young men whom sterner critics would knock down, because even in fantastic incompetence he perceives the good intention. No art or artist is safe from Mr Walpole's benevolence".

paragraph: In his adopted home of Keswick a section of the town museum was dedicated to Walpole's memory in 1949, with manuscripts, correspondence, paintings and sculpture from Brackenburn, donated by his sister and brother.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Walpole's books cover a wide range. His fiction includes short stories, bildungsromane ("Mr Perrin and Mr Traill", 1911, and the "Jeremy" trilogy) that delve into the psychology of boyhood; gothic horror novels ("Portrait of a Man with Red Hair", 1925, and "The Killer and The Slain", 1942); ghost stories ("All Souls' Night", 1933); a period family saga (the Herries chronicle) and even detective fiction ("Behind the Screen"). He wrote literary biographies (Conrad, 1916; James Branch Cabell, 1920; and Trollope, 1928); plays; and screenplays including "David Copperfield", 1935.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Influences.

paragraph: Walpole's debt to Henry James is discernible in "The Duchess of Wrexe" (1914) and "The Green Mirror" (1917), but in the view of JBPriestley the two most potent influences on Walpole were the highly contrasting ones of Trollope and Dostoyevsky. Other critics noted the Trollopian influence; in 1923 Arthur St John Adcock commented:

paragraph: Walpole, though he was devoted to the works of Trollope, and published a study of him, thought that there was no real comparison between the two of them: "I am far too twisted and fantastic a novelist ever to succeed in catching Trollope's marvellous normality." Priestley was less impressed by the supposed Trollopian side of Walpole's work, finding some of it formulaic. He was more taken with a darker, Dostoyevskian, side that he found in the writing: "suddenly it will transform the pleasant easy scene he is giving us into transparency behind which are bright stars and red hellfire ... No matter how jolly and zestful he may appear to be, the fact remains that he possesses an unusually sharp sense of evil."

paragraph: Possibly the most pervasive influence on Walpole was Walter Scott, whose romanticism is reflected in much of the later writer's fiction. Such was Walpole's love of Scott that he liked to think of himself as the latter's reincarnation. He amassed the largest collection in Britain of Scott manuscripts and early editions, and constantly reread the novels. With the Herries stories Walpole restored the popularity of the historical novel, a form for which Scott was famous but which had been out of fashion for decades. The Herries series begins in the 18th century and follows a Lakeland family through the generations up to modern times.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Reputation.

paragraph: Walpole sought critical as well as financial success, and longed to write works that equalled those of Trollope, Thomas Hardy and Henry James. In his early days, he received frequent and generally approving scrutiny from major literary figures. He was a good friend of Virginia Woolf, and rated her as an influence; she praised his gift for seizing on telling detail: "it is no disparagement to a writer to say that his gift is for the small things rather than for the large ... If you are faithful with the details the large effects will grow inevitably out of those very details". Joseph Conrad said of him, "We see Mr. Walpole grappling with the truth of things spiritual and material with his characteristic earnestness, and we can discern the characteristics of this acute and sympathetic explorer of human nature." In 1928 Priestley observed,

paragraph: Priestley contended that Walpole had fulfilled his early potential, unlike Compton Mackenzie, Gilbert Cannan and other promising young novelists of his generation. This view was not universal among critics: Walpole sometimes divided opinion. Writing of Walpole's Russian novels the contemporary critic and novelist Douglas Goldring commented, "Russia has been the grave of many reputations; and our Napoleon of the drawing-room novel has fared no better than other would-be conquerors of that disconcerting land." Goldring's complaint was that Walpole's Russian (and English) characters were clichéd stereotypes. The reviewer in "Punch", by contrast, wrote, "I consulted a Russian, who is very much alive, and received the opinion that, if Mr. Walpole has not succeeded in drawing the real average Russian, he has given us a type whose faults and virtues sound the keynote of the situation as it is to-day." "The Observer" rated "The Dark Forest" as "one of the finest novels of our generation".

paragraph: In 1924 Ernest Hemingway wrote into a short story a comparison of G. K. Chesterton and Walpole, concluding that the former was the better man, the latter a better writer and both were classics. Walpole could be sensitive about his literary reputation and often took adverse criticism badly. When Hilaire Belloc praised P.G.Wodehouse as the best English writer of their day, Walpole took it amiss, to the amusement of Wodehouse who regarded Belloc's plaudit as "a gag, to get a rise out of serious-minded authors whom he disliked". Wodehouse was not a great admirer of Walpole; his own scrupulous craftsmanship, with drafts polished over and over again, was the opposite of Walpole's hastily written and seldom-revised prose. He also viewed Walpole's sensitivity to criticism as absurd. Walpole was not always as oversensitive as Wodehouse supposed. The critic James Agate was a friend despite his regular rude remarks about Walpole's prose, and when Walpole discovered that Agate had written a spoof of the Herries "Lakeland" style, he made him promise to print it in the next published volume of his diaries.

paragraph: During his career contemporaries saw both negative and positive sides to Walpole's outgoing nature and desire to be in the public eye. Wodehouse commented, "I always think Hugh Walpole's reputation was two thirds publicity. He was always endorsing books and speaking at lunches and so on." On the other hand, Walpole stood out as one of the few literary figures willing to go into court and give evidence for the defence at the obscenity trial after the 1928 lesbian novel by Radclyffe Hall "The Well of Loneliness" was published.

paragraph: By the time of his death "The Times"s estimation of Walpole was no higher than, "he had a versatile imagination; he could tell a workmanlike story in good workmanlike English; and he was a man of immense industry, conscientious and painstaking". The belittling tone of the obituary brought forth strong rebuttals from T S Eliot, Kenneth Clark and Priestley, among others. Within a few years of his death, Walpole was seen as old-fashioned, and his works were largely neglected. In the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" Elizabeth Steele summed up: "His psychology was not deep enough for the polemicist, his diction not free enough for those returning from war, and his zest disastrous to a public wary of personal commitment". In 2011, Peter Hitchens, an admirer of Walpole, though not an uncritical one, wrote:

paragraph: Walpole's works have not been completely neglected in recent years. The Herries stories have seldom been out of print, and in 2014 WorldCat listed a dozen recent reissues of Walpole's works, including "The Wooden Horse", "The Dark Forest", "The Secret City", "Jeremy", and "The Cathedral". In 2011 the BBC broadcast a reappraisal of Walpole, "The Walpole Chronicle", presented by Eric Robson. In 2013 a new stage version of "Rogue Herries" was presented by the Theatre by the Lake company in Walpole's adopted home of Keswick. The BBC speculated that this could mark a revival in interest in his works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Biographies.

paragraph: Two full-length studies of Walpole were published after his death. The first, in 1952, was written by Rupert Hart-Davis, who had known Walpole personally. It was regarded at the time as "among the half dozen best biographies of the century" and has been reissued several times since its first publication. Writing when homosexual acts between men were still outlawed in England, Hart-Davis avoided direct mention of his subject's sexuality, so respecting Walpole's habitual discretion and the wishes of his brother and sister. He left readers to read between the lines if they wished, in, for example, references to Turkish baths "providing informal opportunities of meeting interesting strangers". Hart-Davis dedicated the book to "Dorothy, Robin and Harold", Walpole's sister, brother, and long-term companion.

paragraph: In 1972 Elizabeth Steele's study of Walpole was published. Much shorter than Hart-Davis's biography, at 178 pages to his 503, it dealt mainly with the novels, and aimed "to show the sources of Hugh Walpole's success as a writer during the thirty-five years and fifty books of his busy career". Steele concentrated on half a dozen of Walpole's best books, each illustrating aspects of his writing, under the headings "Acolyte", "Artist", "Witness", "Evangelist", "Critic" and "Romanticist". Steele also wrote a study of Walpole's North American lecture tours (2006) and the article on Walpole in the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" (2004), which treats his private life briefly but candidly.

paragraph: Section::::Notes and references.

paragraph: Notes

paragraph: References

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Howard, John. "Against the Spirit: A Look at Hugh Walpole's "The Killer and the Slain"". "Wormwood" No 3 (Autumn 2004), pp. 33–40

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tate Modern Paintings and drawings bequeathed by Walpole

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Hersholt Collections at the Library of Congress – includes first editions of Hugh Walpole's writings

description: New Zealand writer

enwikiquote_title: Hugh Walpole

wikidata_label: Hugh Walpole

wikipedia_title: Hugh Walpole


text: Public Record Office

text: Edinburgh Review

text: Dawson Turner

text: Fellowship of the Royal Society

text: Anglican

text: royal licence

text: called to the bar

text: Record Commission

text: Nomina Villarum

text: Public Record Office

text: John Caley

text: chapter house

text: Westminster Abbey

text: Exchequer

text: Domesday Book

text: American Academy of Arts and Sciences

text: American Antiquarian Society

text: Dawson Turner

text: William Jackson Hooker

text: Francis Turner Palgrave

text: Palgrave's Golden Treasury

text: (William) Gifford Palgrave

text: Montevideo

text: Jesuit

text: Sir Robert Harry Inglis Palgrave

text: Reginald Francis Douce Palgrave

text: Clerk of the House of Commons

text: Richard Battley

text: A chronology of the Palgraves

text: The Jewish Discovery of Islam pt 1

text: Palgrave's works

text: Portrait of Palgrave

text: Mary Dawson Turner

categories: Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,1861 deaths,Anglo-Saxon studies scholars,Jewish historians,Fellows of the Royal Society,People associated with The National Archives (United Kingdom),Knights Bachelor,English historians,Knights of the Royal Guelphic Order,English archivists,English Jews,Converts to Anglicanism from Judaism,1788 births

paragraph: Francis Palgrave

paragraph: Sir Francis Palgrave, (; born Francis Ephraim Cohen, July 1788 – 6 July 1861) was an English archivist and historian. He was Deputy Keeper (chief executive) of the Public Record Office from its foundation in 1838 until his death; and he is also remembered for his many scholarly publications.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Francis Cohen was born in London, the son of Meyer Cohen, a Jewish stockbroker (d. 1831) by his wife Rachel Levien Cohen (d. 1815). He was initially articled as a clerk to a London solicitor's firm, and remained there as chief clerk until 1822. His father was financially ruined in 1810 and Francis, the eldest son, became responsible for supporting his parents. Around 1814, Francis Cohen began contributing to the "Edinburgh Review"; he made the acquaintance of the banker Dawson Turner and his daughter Elizabeth in 1819, offering to correct the proofs of Turner's "Architectural Antiquities of Normandy". In 1821, Francis Cohen was admitted to the Fellowship of the Royal Society, one of his sponsors being Turner. Cohen converted to Anglican Christianity before his marriage to Elizabeth Turner on 13 October 1823.

paragraph: Around the time of his marriage, Cohen also changed his surname to "Palgrave" (his wife's mother's maiden name) by royal licence. It is not clear if either the religious conversion or the name change were conditions of his marriage; however, his father-in-law paid for the expenses of the name change, and settled £3,000 on the couple.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Palgrave was called to the bar in 1827 (after a long period working for solicitors, 1803–1822).

paragraph: In 1822, he had advocated publishing the national records, and from 1827 he edited several volumes of medieval texts for the Record Commission, including "Parliamentary Writs and Writs of Military Summons" (2 volumes, 1827 and 1834; including in vol. 2 a text of "Nomina Villarum") and "Rotuli Curiae Regis: Rolls and Records of the Court held before the King's Justiciars or Justices" (2 volumes, 1835). Meanwhile, he was also publishing historical works of his own, including "A History of England" (1831), "The Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth" (1832), "An Essay on the Original Authority of the King's Council" (1834), "Truths and Fictions of the Middle Ages: the Merchant and the Friar" (1837) and "The History of Normandy and England" (1851–64, 4 volumes, of which the last two appeared posthumously).

paragraph: Palgrave is considered the founder of the Public Record Office. In 1834 he succeeded John Caley as the Keeper of the Records in the chapter house of Westminster Abbey, in which were stored the ancient records of the Exchequer (including Domesday Book), as well as various parliamentary records. From this appointment emerged another important editorial work for the Record Commission, "The Ancient Kalendars and Inventories of the Treasury of His Majesty's Exchequer" (3 volumes, 1836). In 1838 he was appointed Deputy Keeper of the new Public Record Office, holding that position until his death. In this position, he issued a series of 22 annual reports.

paragraph: Palgrave was knighted in 1832. In 1834, he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1860.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Palgrave married Elizabeth Turner (1799–1852) on 13 October 1823. She was the daughter of Dawson Turner (1775–1858) and Mary née Palgrave (1775–1858). Her sister Maria Dawson Turner (1797–1872) married Sir William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865).

paragraph: Francis and Elizabeth Palgrave were the parents of four sons, all distinguished and all authors in their respective fields:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Francis Turner Palgrave (1824–1897), poet, anthologist, educationist and bureaucrat, editor of "Golden Treasury of English Songs and Lyrics", better known as "Palgrave's Golden Treasury"

paragraph: BULLET::::2. (William) Gifford Palgrave (1826–1888 Montevideo, Uruguay), Jesuit priest and missionary turned diplomat, anthropologist and traveller

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Sir Robert Harry Inglis Palgrave (1827–1919), economist, knighted 1909, author of "Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy", and editor of "Palgrave's Collected Historical Works". He married in 1859 Sarah Maria Brightwen, daughter of George Brightwen.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Sir Reginald Francis Douce Palgrave (1829–1904), Clerk of the House of Commons 1886–1902. Married Grace Battley, daughter of Richard Battley, in 1857.

paragraph: Palgrave's wife predeceased him in August 1852.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A chronology of the Palgraves

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Jewish Discovery of Islam pt 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palgrave's works

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical note from Nuttall Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrait of Palgrave by his mother-in-law Mary Dawson Turner, née Palgrave.

alias:
Sir Francis Cohen
Sir Francis Palgrave
Francis Cohen
Francis Ephraim Cohen

description: British historian

wikidata_label: Francis Palgrave

wikipedia_title: Francis Palgrave


text: c.

text: Chancellor of the Exchequer

text: Lord Chancellor of England

text: Bishop of Worcester

text: Boyton

text: Wiltshire

text: Walter Giffard

text: Archbishop of York

text: Shaftesbury Abbey

text: Wells

text: Mells

text: Attleborough

text: Archdeacon

text: Barnstaple

text: York

text: Chancellor of the exchequer

text: Chancellor of England

text: Adlingfleet

text: Chancellor

text: Worcester

text: Bishop of Worcester

text: Nicholas of Ely

text: See of Winchester

text: temporalities

text: Boniface of Savoy

text: archbishop

text: Canterbury

text: Worcester Cathedral

text: Christmas Day

text: Roger de Meyland

text: Bishop of Lichfield

text: Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

text: Nicholas of Ely

text: Bishop of Winchester

text: Walter Bronescomb

text: Bishop of Exeter

text: King Edward I

text: Roger Mortimer

text: Hertfordshire

text: Kent

text: Edward I of England

text: Salisbury

text: Margaret of Norway

text: See of Worcester

text: cathedral chapter

text: prebend

text: Westbury

text: John of Evreux

text: Archdeacon of Gloucester

text: Bromsgrove

text: Grafton

text: Abbot of Westminster

text: Knightwick

text: Archbishop Peckham

text: Franciscan

text: Archbishop Winchelsey

text: Wyke

text: John de Monmouth

text: Bishop of Llandaff

text: Boroughbridge

text: Weston-sub-Edge

text: Hartlebury Castle

text: Stratford-on-Avon

text: Blockley

text: Worcester

text: Wydindon

text: Hartlebury

text: Godfrey Giffard's Will

categories: Chancellors of the Exchequer of England,Archdeacons of Barnstaple,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Lord Chancellors of England,Bishops of Worcester,1230s births

paragraph: Godfrey Giffard

paragraph: Godfrey Giffard (c. 12351302) was Chancellor of the Exchequer of England, Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Worcester.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Giffard was a son of Hugh Giffard of Boyton in Wiltshire, a royal justice, by Sibyl, a daughter and co-heiress of Walter de Cormeilles. He was born about 1235 and was the younger brother of Walter Giffard, who was to become Archbishop of York and whose successful career ensured the preferment of Godfrey. His sister Mabel was the abbess of Shaftesbury Abbey.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Giffard appears to have profited from his brother's position, and held the following positions:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canon of Wells

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rector of Mells.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rector of the greater moiety of Attleborough in Norfolk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archdeacon of Barnstaple between 1265 and 1267, and (after Walter later became archbishop of York)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archdeacon of York

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chancellor of the exchequer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chancellor of England and

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rector of Adlingfleet in 1267

paragraph: Complaints were later made to the Pope at Rome about the way in which the Archbishop had given this and many other benefices to his brother – as Godfrey was it was claimed, "...only in minor orders and deficient in learning".

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Worcester.

paragraph: Giffard was still Chancellor when the monks of Worcester elected him as Bishop of Worcester about between 2 and 24 May 1268, on the translation of Bishop Nicholas of Ely to the See of Winchester. Henry III accepted his appointment, and he received the temporalities on 13 June 1268. After some little resistance, Archbishop Boniface of Savoy confirmed his election, but it was not until 23 September that he was consecrated by the archbishop at Canterbury and he was enthroned in Worcester Cathedral on Christmas Day 1268.

paragraph: Giffard retained the chancellorship until October 1268, and in 1268 received a grant of five hundred marks a year for the support of himself and the clerks of the chancery.

paragraph: In 1272 Giffard acted with Roger de Meyland Bishop of Lichfield in treating with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales. In May 1273 he was sent abroad with Nicholas of Ely, Bishop of Winchester, and Walter Bronescomb, Bishop of Exeter, to meet King Edward I on his return from the Holy Land. He was made a commissioner along with Roger Mortimer to investigate certain grievances of the Oxford scholars, and in 1278 acted as an itinerant justice in Hertfordshire and Kent.

paragraph: In 1279 Giffard succeeded to the very extensive property of his brother the Archbishop of York. He was also one of the four negotiators selected in 1289 by King Edward I of England to treat at Salisbury with the Scottish and Norwegian envoys about sending Margaret of Norway to Scotland.

paragraph: Giffard ruled over the See of Worcester for more than thirty-three years, and his activities were almost confined to his own diocese.

paragraph: Section::::Activities as bishop.

paragraph: Giffard was engaged in many disputes with his monastic cathedral chapter, long accounts of which, written from the monks' point of view, have survived in the "Annals of Worcester". One main area of disagreement was whether or not the Bishop should be allowed to annex some of the more valuable livings in his gift, to the prebends of the college at Westbury. This dispute led to some tedious litigation which was ultimately decided in favour of the monks. However, the claim of the Bishop that he was entitled to receive the monks' ‘profession’ produced still more lawsuits. In 1288, at an ordination at Westbury, an unseemly dispute arose between the precentor of Worcester and John of Evreux, the then Archdeacon of Gloucester (he was a favourite nephew of the Bishop) as to who had the right to call over the names of the candidates and which led to the expulsion of the precentor from the chancel with the connivance of the Bishop.

paragraph: Some time later a truce patched matters up, but at Bromsgrove the Bishop, "...would not permit the prior to exercise his office, regardless of the peace that had been made, which we believe to have been as vain as a peace with the Welsh." The monks also complained of his depriving them of the chapel at Grafton and of his constant efforts to visit and to exercise jurisdiction over them. In 1290 he held a visitation, and required the convent to support his 140 horses leaving the place in anger.

paragraph: Giffard was also involved in another great dispute with the Abbot of Westminster after he had deposed William of Ledbury, the Prior of Malvern, for "gross crimes". The monks of Westminster took up William's cause, as Malvern was a cell of their Abbey, and they also obtained the support of the King. In the end Giffard was glad to compromise the case, and received a grant of land at Knightwick and agreed not to visit Malvern as his predecessors had done and Ledbury was restored.

paragraph: However, this settlement was attacked by Archbishop Peckham as being simoniacal. Giffard had already been involved, like the other suffragans to Canterbury, in the struggle against Peckham's excessive claims of metropolitical jurisdiction; he however later more friendly with him, and sent the Archbishop many expensive gifts.

paragraph: Giffard's many favours to the Franciscans, whose General had in both 1277 and 1282, admitted him as a brother of the order, must have procured him the friendship of the Franciscan primate. However his remissness in allowing the monks of the cathedral to steal the body of one Henry Poche from the Franciscans and bury it in their churchyard in 1290 was another new source of friction.

paragraph: By the year 1300 Giffard had become sick and infirm; in March of that year he was visited by Archbishop Winchelsey at Wyke. In 1301, William of Gloucester produced thirty-six articles against him before the Archbishop; although mostly small, technical and legal, they included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- A charge of manumitting serfs without its consent.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Another complaint of him unduly favouring his nephews.

paragraph: Both complaints were well investigated, and the Bishop's answers are recorded along with the charges in his register.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Giffard died on Friday 26 January 1302, and was buried on 4 February by John de Monmouth, Bishop of Llandaff, in Worcester Cathedral, on the south side of the altar of the lady chapel; his tomb remains there still.

paragraph: Under the terms of Giffard's will, which was dated 13 September 1300, he left a large number of legacies to his kinsfolk, including his sister Mabel, Abbess of Shaftesbury, and to various churches.

paragraph: Giffard's heir was his nephew John, who was the son of his brother William Giffard and who after fighting on the baronial side at Boroughbridge, was hanged at Gloucester, thus forfeiting his estates to the Crown. However, these estates were later restored, and subsequently the Giffords of Weston-sub-Edge assumed the arms of the See of Worcester in memory of their ancestor.

paragraph: Despite his long running quarrels with the chapter at Worcester, Giffard was a benefactor of his Cathedral; during his reign he beautified the pillars of both the choir and lady chapel by interlacing them with smaller pillars and in 1280 he laid the first stone of the pavement of the cathedral.

paragraph: Giffard also sought leave to fortify and finish Hartlebury Castle which Bishop Cantelupe had begun. He extracted from the Bishop's executors a legacy which had been left to the See, for supplying a stock of cattle on the lands of the Bishopric.

paragraph: Giffard also obtained a "grant of fairs" to Stratford-on-Avon and Blockley and secured permission to fortify his palaces at Worcester and Wydindon as he had done at Hartlebury.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British History Online Archdeacons of Wells accessed on 3 November 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- British History Online Archdeacons of York accessed on 3 November 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- British History Online Bishops of Worcester accessed on 3 November 2007

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Godfrey Giffard's Will

description: Chancellor of the Exchequer; Lord Chancellor of England; Bishop of Worcester

wikidata_label: Godfrey Giffard

wikipedia_title: Godfrey Giffard