text: Canadian

text: ice hockey

text: forward

text: EHC Biel

text: National League A

text: Shattuck St. Mary's

text: Sioux Falls Stampede

text: University of New Hampshire

text: Guy Smith

text: Springfield Falcons

text: Edmonton Oilers

text: Stockton Thunder

text: ECHL

text: Rochester Americans

text: Florida Everblades

text: Albany River Rats

text: Charlotte Checkers

text: Washington Capitals

text: Hershey Bears

text: EHC Biel

text: National League A

text: Dynamo Minsk

text: HC Lugano

text: SHL

text: Linköpings HC

text: Luleå HF

text: EHC Biel

text: Winnipeg

text: Jewish

categories: Albany River Rats players,HC Lugano players,HC Dinamo Minsk players,Luleå HF players,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland,Jewish ice hockey players,Rochester Americans players,EHC Biel players,Linköpings HC players,Springfield Falcons players,Stockton Thunder players,1984 births,Sioux Falls Stampede players,Living people,Jewish Canadian sportspeople,Hershey Bears players,Charlotte Checkers (1993–2010) players,Florida Everblades players,New Hampshire Wildcats men's ice hockey players,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Belarus

paragraph: Jacob Micflikier

paragraph: Jacob Micflikier (born July 11, 1984) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for EHC Biel in the Swiss National League A (NLA).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Micflikier attended Shattuck St. Mary's and played for their hockey team.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:College.

paragraph: After spending two years with the Sioux Falls Stampede of the USHL, Micflikier enrolled at the University of New Hampshire. The 2003–04 season was his first season of college hockey. He was named assistant captain in his senior year of 2006–07.

paragraph: Micflikier is 24th in all-time scoring for the New Hampshire Wildcats, and three times was selected to receive the university's Ted Karmeris "Fan Favorite Award." As a junior, he was named UNH's Most Valuable Player, and that season led the program in scoring with 42 points (16g, 26a). He also received the Guy Smith Award for best offensive UNH player after his junior season. He recorded four hat tricks in his four seasons as a Wildcat.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:Professional.

paragraph: On March 28, 2007, after completing his senior season at UNH, the Springfield Falcons, then the AHL affiliate of the Edmonton Oilers, signed Micflikier to an Amateur Tryout Agreement contract (ATO). During his nine games played under the ATO, he scored three goals and one assist.

paragraph: On July 25, 2007, the Falcons signed him to his first professional contract; a one-year deal. Micflikier split the 2007–08 season between the Falcons and the Stockton Thunder of the ECHL.

paragraph: After his 2007–08 season, Micflikier was signed to a one-year contract with the AHL's Rochester Americans. He split the following season (2008–09) between Rochester and the ECHL's Florida Everblades. In November he was ECHL Player of the Week, and in November 2009 he was both ECHL Player of the Month and ECHL Player of the Week.

paragraph: On September 10, 2009, Micflikier signed a contract with the Albany River Rats. The River Rats and Americans shared an ECHL affiliate in the Florida Everblades. After signing with the River Rats, Micflikier found his time down in the ECHL with Florida dwindling. He spent 59 games with Albany, and just 16 with the Everblades. Micflikier was selected to play in the ECHL All-Star Game during the 2009–10 season.

paragraph: On July 29, 2010, Micflikier was re-signed with the new franchise the Charlotte Checkers, which was formed as a result of the relocation of the Albany River Rats. He spent his entire 2010–11 season in the AHL, and played 78 games with the Checkers. He ranked third on the Checkers in scoring with 61 points in the 2010–11 season.

paragraph: On July 14, 2011, Micflikier signed a one-year contract with the Washington Capitals. He was assigned to AHL affiliate, the Hershey Bears for the duration of the 2011–12 season.

paragraph: In June 2012, Micflikier signed his first contract abroad on a one-year deal with EHC Biel in the Swiss National League A. He tallied 21 goals and 30 assists in 52 NLA games for Biel on the season.

paragraph: He started the 2013-14 campaign with KHL's Dynamo Minsk, before transferring to HC Lugano of Switzerland during the season.

paragraph: On July 25, 2014, Micflikier agreed to a one-year contract with SHL club, Linköpings HC. He stayed in Sweden a second year, putting pen to paper on a contract with Luleå HF for the 2015-16 campaign. Leading the team in scoring, he recorded 21 goals and 20 assists in 62 SHL contests.

paragraph: He then headed back to EHC Biel of Switzerland for a second stint with the club, signing in April 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Micflikier was born in Winnipeg, MB, Canada, and is Jewish.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of select Jewish ice hockey players

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Jacob Micflikier

wikipedia_title: Jacob Micflikier


text:
Ottoman
Albanian
province of Budin
aga
janissaries corps
Baghdad
Egypt
Bosnia
Buda
Hungary
Holy League
Europe
Pope Innocent XI
Holy Roman Emperor
Poland
Republic of Venice
Buda
Saxon
Bavaria
Brandenburg
Swedish
Italy
England
France
Spain
Prince Charles of Lorraine
Maximilian II Emanuel
Louis William
Prince Eugene of Savoy
Christian
siege
gunpowder
Grand Vizier Suleiman
Habsburg
vizier
Anjou
Bécsi kapu
György Szabó
Abdurrahman Pasha Mosque
Peqin
Albania
Peqin Castle
Battle of Buda
List of Ottoman governors of Egypt

categories: Ottoman governors of Bosnia,Ottoman governors of Egypt,1616 births,1686 deaths,Albanian Pashas,Albanians of the Ottoman Empire,Albanian generals

paragraph: Abdi Pasha the Albanian

paragraph: Abdurrahman Abdi Pasha the Albanian (; 1616–1686) was an Ottoman politician and military leader of Albanian descent, who served as the last governor of the province of Budin.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life.

paragraph: Abdurrahman Abdi Arnavud Pasha joined the Ottoman army and became aga (commander) of the janissaries corps in 1667. In 1673, he became the governor of Baghdad. He was made governor of Egypt in 1676 and of Bosnia in 1680.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Military leadership.

paragraph: He took over the military leadership of Buda in 1682 and became the governor of Turkish-occupied Hungary in 1684. In 1684, the Holy League was established with the objective of ending the Ottoman threat to Europe by ousting the Turks from Hungary, which they had been occupying for 145 years. On the initiative and financial support of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy Roman Emperor, the King of Poland and the Republic of Venice sent 80,000 troops into Buda, and Hungary. The army was composed of Saxon, Bavarian, Brandenburg and Swedish troops, with lesser numbers of Italy, England, France and Spain, and some 15,000 Hungarians. The armies were led by Prince Charles of Lorraine, Bavarian Elector Maximilian II Emanuel, Margrave of Baden Louis William and Prince Eugene of Savoy, all eminent military leaders of the time.

paragraph: In June, 1686, the Christian army laid siege to Buda. The city was well stocked with food, water and gunpowder, but only 8000 soldiers were garrisoned within; although the Ottomans had promised 50,000 troops, they had not yet arrived.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Death.

paragraph: The relief forces of Grand Vizier Suleiman never arrived to support the troops within Buda. After more than 2 months of bombardment and a series of unsuccessful attacks, the city was reduced to ashes in the first days of September. 3000 of his troops survived, but Abdurrahman pasha himself was killed in the first lines when on September 2, the troops of the Habsburg emperor breached the northern walls ending 145 years of Turkish occupation of Buda.

paragraph: A memorial to the late commander, the last vizier of Buda, stands on the Anjou bastion of the Buda castle, half way between the Military History Museum and the Bécsi kapu (Vienna Gate). The memorial was erected in 1932 by the descendants of György Szabó, who was a Hungarian soldier of the liberating army and also fell on this spot on September 2. The inscription, in Hungarian and Turkish, says: "The last governor of the 145 year long Turkish occupation of Buda, Abdurrahman Abdi Pasha the Albanian fell at this place on September 2, 1686, when he was 70 years old. He was a heroic enemy, may he rest in peace."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abdurrahman Pasha Mosque in Peqin, Albania

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peqin Castle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Buda

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ottoman governors of Egypt

description: Ottoman Albanian general

wikidata_label: Abdurrahman Abdi Arnavut

wikipedia_title: Abdi Pasha the Albanian


text:
Celle
Hamburg
St. Johannis Harvestehude Hamburg

categories: 19th-century German architects,1836 births,People from Celle,1905 deaths

paragraph: Wilhelm Hauers

paragraph: Wilhelm Hauers (10 February 1836 in Celle – 27 April 1905 in Hamburg) was a German architect. His works include the St. Johannis Harvestehude Hamburg.

description: German architect

wikidata_label: Wilhelm Hauers

wikipedia_title: Wilhelm Hauers


text:
Ottoman
Suleiman the Magnificent
Hürrem Sultan
Sehzade Mustafa
Selim II
Konya
Sokullu Mehmet Pasha
Safavid Empire
Tahmasp I
Constantinople
Mehmed
Abdullah
Selim
Mustafa
Anatolia
campaign
Nakhchivan
Azerbaijan
Edirne
Rumelia
vizier
heir
Selim II
Manisa
Kütahya
Istanbul
Konya
Amasya
Sokollu Mehmet Pasha
grand vizier
Safavid Empire
Murat Bardakçı
Yerevan
Tabriz
Shah
Tahmasp I
Istanbul
Qazvin
Van
Treaty of Amasya
Ottoman–Safavid relations
garrotting
Qazvin
Sivas
Muradiye Complex
Bursa
Muhteşem Yüzyıl
Aras Bulut İynemli

categories: 1525 births,1561 deaths,Suleiman the Magnificent,16th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire,Rebels of the Ottoman Empire,Executed people of the Ottoman Empire,16th-century people of the Ottoman Empire,Year of birth unknown,People executed by ligature strangulation,People from Istanbul,Ottoman dynasty,Prisoners and detainees of the Safavid Empire,Ottoman emigrants to Iran,People of the Ottoman Empire of Ukrainian descent

paragraph: Şehzade Bayezid

paragraph: Şehzade Bayezid (1525 – 25 September 1561) was an Ottoman prince as the son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his legal wife Hürrem Sultan. After the death of three of Suleiman's sons, only Bayezid and Selim were alive. Bayezid had a good skill in military tactic. After the death of Sehzade Mustafa (who was the heir apparent to the Ottoman throne) Bayezid became the popular heir to the Ottoman throne among the army. Through the 1550s, when Suleiman was already in his 60s, a protracted competition for the throne between Bayezid and Selim was evident. Bayezid had fallen into disfavor with his father – who was angered by Bayezid's disobedience stemming from around the same years – as opposed to his brother Selim (who would eventually succeed as Selim II). After being defeated in a battle near Konya in 1559 by Selim and Sokullu Mehmet Pasha (with the help of the Sultan's army), he fled to the neighbouring Safavid Empire, where he was lavishly received by Tahmasp I. However, in 1561, on the continuous insistence of the Sultan throughout his son's exile, and after several large payments, Tahmasp allowed Bayezid to be executed by agents of his own father.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Bayezid born in 1525 in Constantinople (Istanbul) during the reign of his father, Suleiman the Magnificent. His mother was Hürrem, an Orthodox priest's daughter, who was sultan's concubine in that time. At the time of his birth, Bayezid had four elder full-brothers, Mehmed (born 1521), Abdullah (born 1522), Selim (born 1524), and Sehzade Cihangir. He also had one elder half-brother Mustafa (born 1515). In 1533 or 1534, breaking a two-century-old tradition, his father freed and legally wed his mother.

paragraph: As a court rule, şehzades were appointed to govern a province in order to gain administrative experience. Bayezid became a governor of an Anatolian province (). However, during his father's 12th campaign to Nakhchivan (part of modern Azerbaijan) in 1553, he was assigned to rule in Edirne (i.e. the Ottoman capital of Rumelia, which was the European territories of the Ottoman empire) in the absence of his father. During the campaign, Şehzade Mustafa, was executed upon Sultan's order. The news of execution caused unrest in all parts of the empire and an impostor claiming to be the executed Mustafa rebelled against Suleiman in Rumelia. Although the rebellion was subdued by a vizier, Suleiman suspected that his son Bayezid was deliberately slow to react.

paragraph: Section::::Competition for the Throne.

paragraph: Suleiman had six sons. His second and third sons, Mehmed and Abdullah, had died earlier; the former in 1543 and the latter in 1526. After the execution of Mustafa (who was the potential heir to the throne) in 1553 and Cihangir's (the youngest brother who suffered from extremely poor health) death, only two princes were left to be the potential claimant to throne: Selim (the future Selim II) and Bayezid. Selim was the governor of Manisa and Bayezid was the governor of Kütahya, two cities at almost equal distance from Istanbul, the capital.

paragraph: Suleiman was in his 60s, and the competition between the two brothers over the throne was evident. Suleiman scolded his sons and decided to change their places of duty. Selim was assigned to rule in Konya and Bayezid in Amasya, both provinces being this time further from the Constantinople but still equidistant. Selim was quick to obey and promptly moved to Konya. But to the dismay of his father, Bayezid obeyed only after much hesitation. Angered, Suleiman accused Bayezid of being a rebel and supported his elder son Selim against Bayezid. Selim, in collaboration with Sokollu Mehmet Pasha (the future grand vizier) and with additional help from his father's army, defeated his brother in a civil war.

paragraph: Section::::Refuge in the Safavid Empire.

paragraph: Bayezid returned to Amasya and escaped to the Safavid Empire with his sons and a small army. According to journalist and historian researcher Murat Bardakçı, Sokullu Mehmet Pasha sent an army after Bayezid, which was defeated by Selim forces. In the autumn of 1559, he reached the Safavid town of Yerevan, where he was received with great respect by its governor. Some time later, he reached Tabriz, where he was welcomed by Shah Tahmasp I. Although Tahmasp I initially wholeheartedly and lavishly welcomed Bayezid, including giving magnificent parties in his honour, he later jailed him on the request of Sultan Suleiman. Both Suleiman and Selim sent envoys to Persia to persuade the shah to execute Bayezid. For the coming one and half year in fact, embassies would continue to travel between Istanbul and Qazvin. On 16 July, what would be the last of the Ottoman embassies would arrive, whose formal task, like the previous embassies, was to try return Bayezid to Istanbul. As stated by Prof. Colin P. Mitchell, this included Khusrau Pasha (the governor of Van), Sinan Pasha, Ali Aqa Chavush Bashi, and a retinue of two hundred officials. In the letter that was given with the embassy, Suleiman also declared his readiness to reconfirm the Treaty of Amasya (1555) and to begin a new era of Ottoman–Safavid relations. Suleiman, throughout the embassies, also gave Tahmasp numerous gifts. He also agreed with Tahmasp's demand to pay him for handing Bayezid over (400,000 gold coins were given). Finally, on 25 September 1561, Bayezid and his four sons were handed over by Tahmasp and executed in the environs of the Safavid capital Qazvin by the Ottoman executioner, Ali Aqa Chavush Bashi, through the way of garrotting.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bayezid had ten children. All of them were issue of different mothers, except Şehzade Osman and Şehzade Mahmud who were full brothers. Şehzade Orhan was his eldest child.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sons

paragraph: Bayezid had Six sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Şehzade Orhan (died 25 September 1561, Qazvin, buried in Melik-i Acem Mausoleum, Sivas), governor of Çorum, educated by Çandarlızade Halil Bey;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Şehzade Osman (died 25 September 1561, Qazvin, buried in Muradiye Complex, Bursa), governor of Sarikarahisar;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Şehzade Mahmud (died 25 September 1561, Qazvin, buried in Melik-i Acem Mausoleum, Sivas), governor of Canik;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Şehzade Mehmed (died 25 September 1561, Qazvin,buried in Melik-i Acem Mausoleum, Sivas), governor of Kütahya;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Şehzade Abdullah (died 25 September 1561, Qazvin, buried in Melik-i Acem Mausoleum, Sivas);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Şehzade Murad (died 3 October 1561, Bursa, buried in Muradiye Complex, Bursa)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughters

paragraph: Bayezid had four daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fatma Sultan, married Damat Müzaffer Pasha; She was full name Fatma Mihrimah;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hadice Sultan (born 1550 Kütahya),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayşe Sultan (died 1601, buried in Eyüp Sultan), married Damat Ali Pasha;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hanzade Sultan;

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: In the 2011–2014 TV series "Muhteşem Yüzyıl" he is portrayed by Aras Bulut İynemli.

description: Son of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent

wikidata_label: Şehzade Bayezid

wikipedia_title: Şehzade Bayezid


text: United States Navy

text: Duke University School of Law

text: Guantanamo Bay detention camp

text: Enemy combatants

text: terrorists

text: Guantanamo Bay Naval Base

text: Ex parte Quirin

text: Lieutenant Commander Charles Swift

text: military tribunals

text: Guantanamo Bay detention camp

text: Guantanamo Bay Naval Base

text: Charles Swift

categories: Duke University alumni,Judge Advocates General of the United States Navy,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Dan McCarthy (JAG)

paragraph: Dan McCarthy is a captain in the United States Navy and one of around 730 lawyers who are members of the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the United States Navy. He was educated at the Duke University School of Law. McCarthy has been involved with the military commissions at Guantanamo Bay detention camp where over 250 suspected Enemy combatants and terrorists are being held to await trial.

paragraph: He is chief prosecutor of the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the United States Navy at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. McCarthy is also the one who introduced Ex parte Quirin to Lieutenant Commander Charles Swift which would become bases for the military tribunals at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. While Lieutenant Commander Charles Swift was at the base McCarthy was his supervisor and close friend.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Judge Advocate General's Corps of the United States Navy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guantanamo Bay detention camp

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guantanamo Bay Naval Base

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Swift

description: US Navy lawyer

wikidata_label: Dan McCarthy

wikipedia_title: Dan McCarthy (JAG)


text:
pentathlete
Swedish Army
furir
kapten
Claes Egnell
Willie Grut
Gustaf Lindh
1948 Winter Olympics
winter pentathlon
downhill
10 km cross country
shooting
fencing
horse riding
1956 Summer Olympics
Björn Thofelt
Lars Hall
Thor Henning
Åke Julin
Royal Institute of Technology
Stockholm
metallurgical
Fagersta

categories: Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden,Swedish male modern pentathletes,Modern pentathletes at the 1956 Summer Olympics,2014 deaths,Swedish Army captains,World Modern Pentathlon Championships medalists,1923 births,Olympic modern pentathletes of Sweden

paragraph: Bertil Haase

paragraph: Bertil Robert Herman Haase Vidarsson (5 June 1923 – 7 July 2014) was a Swedish pentathlete who competed at both Winter and Summer Olympics.

paragraph: Hasse joined the Swedish Army as a volunteer and attended military school as a furir (private first class). He later retired from the army as a kapten. Together with Claes Egnell, Willie Grut and Gustaf Lindh he competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics in the winter pentathlon, which was contested as a demonstration event. As an excellent skier, he won both the downhill and the 10 km cross country disciplines, but lagged behind in shooting, fencing and horse riding. He finished third overall and won the bronze medal. Fellow countrymen Lindh and Grut took the first and second place respectively.

paragraph: Since the winter pentathlon would have no other appearances at the Olympic Games, Haase turned to the modern pentathlon. He was selected for the 1956 Summer Olympics and finished 17th individually. In the team contest Sweden was the favourite as it included Björn Thofelt and the individual Olympic champion Lars Hall. In the first event, horse riding, Thofelt had drawn the lot for a very peculiar horse and eventually suffered from a concussion, after he fell off twice and had to withdraw. Consequently, the Swedish team was not ranked.

paragraph: Hasse was also successful at the world championships. He won the team title in 1950, with Lars Hall and Thor Henning, and placed third in 1954, with Åke Julin and Thofelt. Haase's home club was "Studenternas Idrottsförening Stockholm". He completed an engineering study at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm with a focus on metallurgical and then worked in the metallurgical industry in Fagersta, where he resided until his death in July 2014.

description: modern pentathlete

wikidata_label: Bertil Haase

wikipedia_title: Bertil Haase


text: Hornby Castle

text: French Riviera

text: Jersey

text: Lady Camilla

text: Goya

text: Duke of Wellington

text: Irma Amelia de Malkhozouny

text: Lady Camilla Dorothy Godolphin Osborne

text: Nigel Richard Patton Dempster

text: D'Arcy Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds

text: Pedigree at Genealogics.org

paragraph: John Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds

paragraph: John Francis Godolphin Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds (12 March 1901 – 26 July 1963) was a British peer.

paragraph: He was the son of George Godolphin Osborne, 10th Duke of Leeds and Lady Katherine Frances Lambton. He succeeded to the title of 11th Duke of Leeds and its subsidiary titles on 10 May 1927.

paragraph: He inherited half a million pounds after tax from his father at the age of twenty-six in 1927, but his father also left gambling debts. Hornby Castle estate was placed on the market in 1930 and the Duke spent the rest of his life as a tax exile on the French Riviera, and on the island of Jersey at his mansion Melbourne House. Hornby Castle, bar one gutted wing, was demolished in 1931.

paragraph: Bibulous and self-centred, he had no interest in living up to his title, and dissipated much of the family's remaining wealth, although enough remained for his sole child Lady Camilla to inherit, in addition to an allowance, £1,000,000 () lump sum from the family trust in 1971.

paragraph: In 1965 he sold a Goya portrait of the Duke of Wellington at auction for £140,000 (). It was subsequently stolen from the National Gallery in a famous theft.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: The Duke was married three times:

paragraph: BULLET::::- firstly, to Serbian ballet dancer Irma Amelia de Malkhozouny, on 27 March 1933 (marriage dissolved in 1948 without issue);

paragraph: BULLET::::- secondly, to Audrey Young, on 21 December 1948 (marriage dissolved in 1955), with whom he had one daughter, Lady Camilla Dorothy Godolphin Osborne (born 14 August 1950), who married firstly Julian Brownlow Harris (marriage dissolved) and secondly, in 1977, Nigel Richard Patton Dempster (marriage dissolved in 2002);

paragraph: BULLET::::- thirdly, to Caroline Fleur Vatcher (1931-2005), daughter of Colonel Henry Monckton Vatcher of Jersey, on 22 February 1955, who survived him.

paragraph: Since the 11th Duke died without male issue, his titles passed to his cousin D'Arcy Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds, the last holder of these titles when the lineage became extinct.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pedigree at Genealogics.org

description: British noble

wikidata_label: John Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds

wikipedia_title: John Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds


text:
Opole
Racibórz
Kalisz
Wieluń
Casimir I of Opole
Viola
Bulgaria
Władysław
Henry I the Bearded
Wrocław
Pope Gregory IX
Archbishop of Gniezno
Bishops of Wroclaw
Olomouc
Kalisz
Wieluń
Opole
Racibórz
Henry II the Pious
Konrad I of Masovia
Kalisz
Mongol
Bolesław V the Chaste
Sandomierz
Battle of Raciborz
Odra River
Battle of Legnica
Mongols
Kalisz
Greater Poland
Koźle
Kalisz
Wieluń
Kraków
Lelów
Teutonic Order
Upper Silesia
Czarnowąsy
Opole
Dominican
Racibórz
Cieszyn
dower
Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan
MIESZKO II OTYŁY

paragraph: Mieszko II the Fat

paragraph: Mieszko II the Fat () ( – 22 October 1246) was a Duke of Opole-Racibórz from 1230 until his death, and Duke of Kalisz-Wieluń during 1234–1239 (with his brother as co-ruler).

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Duke Casimir I of Opole by his wife Viola, probably a Bulgarian woman.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: At the time of his father's death in 1230, Mieszko II and his younger brother Władysław were still minors; for this, the regency of the Duchy was taken by their mother and Henry I the Bearded, Duke of Wrocław. Following her late husband's politics, the Dowager Duchess Viola led a policy of close cooperation with the Church. In 1233, and probably with the consent of the Duke of Wrocław, was issued a bull by Pope Gregory IX, under which the tutelage of the young Dukes was removed from their mother and granted to the Archbishop of Gniezno and the Bishops of Wroclaw and Olomouc. A year later, to calm the erupted rebellion against this decision, Henry I the Bearded give Kalisz and Wieluń to Casimir I's sons, taking the full control over Opole-Racibórz, but without denying their hereditary rights.

paragraph: Section::::Beginning of reign.

paragraph: In 1238, Henry I the Bearded died and was succeeded by his son Henry II the Pious, who also assumed the regency over Opole-Racibórz. Shortly after, Mieszko II began to claim the government of their lands. It is unknown exactly when Mieszko II took over the rule over Opole-Racibórz, but this has been probably in late 1238 or early 1239 (who is more likely). One of the first politic decisions of Mieszko II was his marriage with Judith (b. 1222/25 – d. 4 December 1257/65?), daughter of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, who gave to the Duke of Opole-Racibórz greater autonomy in his rule. Mieszko II's mother Viola and brother Władysław are expected to remain in Kalisz, which held power under the guidance of the Duke of Wrocław.

paragraph: Section::::Battle and trickery.

paragraph: The calm government of Mieszko II was brutally interrupted by the Mongol invasion at the beginning of 1241. In contrast to Bolesław V the Chaste, Duke of Sandomierz, Mieszko II didn't have any intention to give up his principality at the mercy of the enemy, and stood facing them. Fortunately, the initial moves of the Duke of Opole-Racibórz were favorable and in March 1241 at the Battle of Raciborz Mieszko II managed to catch part of the Mongolian troops in the borders of the Odra River, giving to Henry II the Pious more time to organize the defense. On 9 April 1241 the Mongol and Christian forces clashed in the Battle of Legnica. There Mieszko II played an infamous part: he was tricked by the Mongols into retreating in the decisive moment of the battle. This is one of the main reasons of the total defeat of the Christian troops.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Already in May 1241, Mieszko II began the reconstruction of the devastated territories by the Mongolian army. In 1241 Władysław, Mieszko II's younger brother, was declared an adult and able to govern; the Duchy of Opole-Racibórz escaped from the usual division, since Władysław was satisfied with the Duchy of Kalisz give to him by Henry II the Pious. Władysław's authority was soon threatened by the Dukes of Greater Poland, who wanted to retake this land. Further meetings between the brothers in order to find a way out of this difficulty (for example, on 25 March 1243 in Mechnicy near Koźle) didn't give positive results and in 1244, Władysław was forced to withdraw from Kalisz, maintaining only his rule over Wieluń, which ultimately also lost in 1249.

paragraph: In 1243, Mieszko II military supported his father-in-law Konrad I of Masovia in his struggle for the throne of Kraków. The Masovia-Opole forces were defeat, in part because the mutual distrust between both rulers, despite the fact that Mieszko II brought further retaliatory expeditions against Bolesław V the Chaste. The cooperation has brought tangible benefits only three years later when he took the fortress of Lelów. Mieszko II's suddenly death, however, prevent the permanent union of this land to the Duchy of Opole-Racibórz.

paragraph: In the internal politics, Mieszko II, tried (with little success) to continue his father's politics in the spread of settlements under the German law. The Duke paid particular care to the Teutonic Order, who acquired in Upper Silesia high-value properties. By the other hand, Miesko II didn't give any support to the monastery of Czarnowąsy near Opole, as revealed by the fact that he chose the Dominican monastery in Racibórz as his burial place.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Mieszko II, who — as reflected in his nickname — had not enjoyed good health, died at only twenty-six years of age, on 22 October 1246 without issue. In his will, he left all of his lands to his brother Władysław, except the district of Cieszyn, which was given to their mother Viola as her dower.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan

paragraph: BULLET::::- MIESZKO II OTYŁY

description: 13th-century duke of Opole-Racibórz, Kalisz and Wieluń

wikidata_label: Mieszko II the Fat

wikipedia_title: Mieszko II the Fat


text:
People's Artist of the USSR
Moscow
Moscow Ballet School
Elizaveta Gerdt
Bolshoi Ballet
La fille mal gardée
Cinderella
Galina Ulanova
Maya Plisetskaya
Coppélia
the Bronze Horseman
Giselle
Don Quixote
Swan Lake
the Sleeping Beauty
the Nutcracker
teacher
State Theatrical Institute of the Arts
Ballet magazine

categories: Russian female dancers,2005 deaths,Russian ballerinas,People from Moscow,1925 births

paragraph: Raisa Struchkova

paragraph: Raisa Stepanovna Struchkova () (5 October 19252 May 2005) was a Russian dancer and People's Artist of the USSR.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Struchkova was born on 5 October 1925 in Moscow to a factory worker. She studied at the Moscow Ballet School, her teacher was Elizaveta Gerdt. In 1944, she graduated from Bolshoi Ballet school and became its member the same year. Two years later she appeared in a play called "La fille mal gardée" where she played role of "Lise" which became her first major role. Even though that previous ballet dancers, as of 1945, did "Cinderella", she perfected it in 1947 by being "Cinderella" herself. Unlike other famous female ballet dancers of that time like Galina Ulanova and Maya Plisetskaya she didn't became an international star, but the "Cinderella" role made her famous nationwide. In 1949 she starred as "Dawn" in "Coppélia" and the same year played a role of "Parasha" in "the Bronze Horseman". Throughout her career she danced as a leading role in such plays as "Giselle", "Don Quixote", "Swan Lake", "the Sleeping Beauty", "the Nutcracker", and many, many others. Later on, she became a ballet teacher in 1962 at the State Theatrical Institute of the Arts and in 1978 became ballet coach at Bolshoi. She was a founder of Ballet magazine and worked there as an editor from 1981 to 1995.

paragraph: She died in Moscow on 2 May 2005 at the age of 79.

description: Russian dancer

wikidata_label: Raisa Struchkova

wikipedia_title: Raisa Struchkova


text: DBE

text: King's College London

text: Gray's Inn

text: QC

text: High Court

text: High Court of Justice

categories: Queen's Bench Division judges,Alumni of King's College London,1959 births,Associates of King's College,Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire,Members of Gray's Inn,English judges,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Geraldine Andrews

paragraph: Dame Geraldine Mary Andrews, DBE (born 19 April 1959), styled The Hon. Mrs Justice Andrews, is a judge of the High Court of England and Wales.

paragraph: She was educated at King's College London (LLB with First-class honours, 1980; LLM, 1982; AKC). She was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1981 and became a bencher in 2004. She was made a QC in 2001, recorder from 2001, deputy judge of the High Court from 2006-2013, and judge of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division) since 2013.

description: British High Court judge

wikidata_label: Geraldine Andrews

wikipedia_title: Geraldine Andrews


text:
Wisconsin State Senate
Wiota
Lafayette County, Wisconsin
Spanish–American War
United States Army
Woodford, Wisconsin
South Wayne, Wisconsin
17th district
Republican

categories: Wisconsin Republicans,1878 births,Wisconsin state senators,People from Wiota, Wisconsin,Military personnel from Wisconsin,American military personnel of the Spanish–American War,United States Army soldiers

paragraph: Carl Lovelace

paragraph: Carl Lovelace was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lovelace was born on November 29, 1878 near Wiota in Lafayette County, Wisconsin. During the Spanish–American War, he served with the United States Army. Lovelace was a Private in Troop D of the First United States Volunteer Cavalry, also known as Theodore Roosevelt's "Rough Riders". He participated in the battle at La Guasimas on June 24, 1898, Kettle and San Juan Hills on July 1, 1898 and the siege of Santiago. Lovelace lived in Woodford, Wisconsin and died on February 12, 1941. He is buried in South Wayne, Wisconsin.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Lovelace was a member of the Senate representing the 17th district from 1939 until his death. He was a Republican.

description: Member of Wisconsin State Senate

wikidata_label: Carl Lovelace

wikipedia_title: Carl Lovelace


text: Níquel Website

categories: Uruguayan people of Lebanese descent,1956 births,Uruguayan composers,Living people,Uruguayan singers

paragraph: Jorge Nasser

paragraph: Jorge Nasser (born 1956) is a Uruguayan singer and composer.

paragraph: He used to be a member of the band Níquel.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website

wikidata_label: Jorge Nasser

wikipedia_title: Jorge Nasser


text:
TCR International Series
European Touring Car Cup
SEAT León Eurocup
ADAC Volkswagen Polo Cup
karting
ADAC Volkswagen Polo Cup
SEAT León Eurocup
German SEAT León Supercopa
European Touring Car Cup
SEAT León Supercopa
SEAT León Eurocup
TCR International Series
SEAT León TCR

categories: Norwegian racing drivers,TCR International Series drivers,1987 births,People from Fredrikstad,SEAT León Eurocup drivers,Living people

paragraph: Stian Paulsen

paragraph: Stian Paulsen (born 3 July 1987) is a Norwegian racing driver currently competing in the TCR International Series. Having previously competed in the European Touring Car Cup, SEAT León Eurocup and ADAC Volkswagen Polo Cup amongst others.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Paulsen began his career in 2004 in karting. He switched to the ADAC Volkswagen Polo Cup for 2006, he stayed there for season 2007, taking four victories on his way to finishing third in the championship standings. In 2008 he switched to the Belgian Renault Clio Cup, winning the Junior Cup that year, as well as finishing third in the overall championship standings. He stayed in the series for another year, however only doing a half season, he took one win and finished eleventh in the standings. For 2010 he switched to the SEAT León Eurocup and ended the season thirteenth in the standings. In 2011 he moved to the German SEAT León Supercopa series, having done a single one-off in 2010. He took a single victory on his way to finishing ninth in the championship standings that year. For 2012 he entered the European Touring Car Cups Single-Makes Trophy which allowed him to continue to use his SEAT León Supercopa, he took five victories and never finished out of the top 2 in any of the eight races. He eventually won the championship title. In 2014 he returned to the SEAT León Eurocup, taking three wins and six podiums, he finished the season fifth in the championship standings. He continued in the series for 2015 and 2016, taking two victories and six podiums in 2015 as well as finishing second in the standings, while he took three victories and eight podiums in 2016 on his way to finishing third in the standings.

paragraph: In March 2017 it was announced that he would race in the TCR International Series, driving a SEAT León TCR for his own team Stian Paulsen Racing.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete TCR Europe Series results.

paragraph: Season still in progress.

description: Norwegian racing driver

wikidata_label: Stian Paulsen

wikipedia_title: Stian Paulsen


text:
O'Higgins
Sligo
Limerick
Annacotty
Treaty of Limerick
James II
University of Montpellier
Bayonne
Seville
Councillor of Castille
Philip V of Spain
James III
Seville

categories: People from County Sligo,1678 births,1729 deaths,Irish Jacobites,18th-century Irish medical doctors,17th-century Irish people

paragraph: John Higgins of Montoge

paragraph: Sir John Higgins of Montoge (1678–1729) was an Irish physician.

paragraph: Higgins was a descendant of the O'Higgins of Montiagh, an Irish noble family who lost their lands in Sligo under the English Crown about 1649. His parents were a Dr. Patrick Higgins of Limerick City and his wife Mary Loftus of Annacotty. He was a cousin of Don Esteban de Iguiño (Stephen Higgins) who was Spanish General of the Infantry in the Army of Philippine islands. Sir John Higgins was born in 1678, and after the Treaty of Limerick in 1691 left Ireland to live in exile with his family at the Court of James II at St. Germaine in France. In 1700, he graduated as a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Montpellier and then undertook further studies in Paris and Holland. In 1703, he went to Spain where he served in action as medical officer to the combined French and Spanish forces.

paragraph: In 1712, he married the daughter of John Baptiste de Courtiade, the town doctor of Bayonne. In 1714, Higgins worked unsparingly for the relief of the soldiers in the Siege of Barcelona. In 1717, he received the highest medical post in Spain, the office of Proto-médico de Camera. The following year he was elected President of the Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Seville. He held the post of Chief Physician to King Philip V from 1713 until his death in 1729, receiving the substantial salary of 81.528 "reales de vellón". Higgins remained a good friend to Ireland and the Irish in Spain and when war was declared on England in 1718, he was instrumental in preventing the confiscation of the goods and property of the Irish merchants.

paragraph: In 1721, the Duc de Saint-Simon fell ill with smallpox while he was French Ambassador to Spain. The King sent Higgins to care for him and the Duc recovered. In 1722 Higgins received the title Councillor of Castille from Philip V of Spain, and in 1723 he corresponded Sir James Terry who was Athlone Herald to the exiled Stuarts in France and Italy regarding a confirmation of his family's Arms. In 1724 James III made him a Knight and Baronet for his services to France. John Higgins died in Seville at the age of 51 but his descendants continued in Spain. In his will, he made provisions for the welfare of his widowed mother back in Limerick, plus alms for the poor of that city to be distributed by the Catholic clergy.

description: Irish physician

wikidata_label: John Higgins

wikipedia_title: John Higgins of Montoge


text:
Chinese
painter
Hongwu Era
Ming Dynasty

categories: Ming dynasty painters,Year of death unknown,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Wang Zhongyu (painter)

paragraph: Wang Zhongyu (century) was a Chinese painter during the Hongwu Era (1368–1398) of the Ming Dynasty. He was known for painting people. Little else is known of his life.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhongguo gu dai shu hua jian ding zu (中国古代书画鑑定组). 2000. Zhongguo hui hua quan ji (中国绘画全集). Zhongguo mei shu fen lei quan ji. Beijing: Wen wu chu ban she. Volume 10.

description: Chinese painter

wikidata_label: Wang Zhongyu

wikipedia_title: Wang Zhongyu (painter)


text:
American
organist
composer
vocalist
Halloween
Orange County
California
Haunted Mansion
organ
Pulitzer Prize
Handel
Sing-along
Brigham Young University
organ
can-can
Franz Lehár
The Merry Widow
BYU
Bachelor of Music
organ
performance
pedagogy
Salt Lake City
Utah
keyboard
pop rock
Iron Maiden
The Iron Maidens
Iron Maiden
Derek Riggs
Rue Morgue
Pacific Symphony
organist
C. B. Fisk
Pacific Symphony
Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565
John Williams
Pacific Symphony
Bach
Tori Amos
Loreena McKennitt
Danny Elfman
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Nightwish
classical
rock
folk
genre
vampire
soprano
harpsichord
organ
goth
traditional
round
melody
harmony
chords
Halloween
Austria
Vienna Woods
All Saints' Day
All Souls' Day
Halloween
BYU
Jack Santino
Halloween
Lesley Bannatyne
rock
Spider and the Fly
folk
Bach
Ralph Vaughan Williams
soul cake
paganism
Christianity
plainchant
Samhain
soul cake
Edgar Allan Poe
The Raven
Lenore
The Philosophy of Composition
The Poetic Principle
National Endowment for the Arts
San Diego
Edgar Allan Poe
Devo
Francesco DiCosmo
Thin Lizzy
EastWest Studios
Steve Bartek
Oingo Boingo
Danny Elfman
John Avila
Oingo Boingo
Doobie Brothers
Keyboard Magazine
The Nightmare Before Christmas
Steve Bartek
orchestrator
Tim Burton

wikipedia_title:
United States
Organist
Composer
Singing
Halloween
Orange County, California
California
The Haunted Mansion
Organ (music)
Pulitzer Prize
George Frideric Handel
Sing-along
Brigham Young University
Organ (music)
Can-can
Franz Lehár
The Merry Widow
Brigham Young University
Bachelor of Music
Organ (music)
Performance
Pedagogy
Salt Lake City
Utah
Keyboard instrument
Pop rock
Iron Maiden
The Iron Maidens
Iron Maiden
Derek Riggs
Rue Morgue (magazine)
Pacific Symphony
Organist
C. B. Fisk
Pacific Symphony
Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565
John Williams
Pacific Symphony
Johann Sebastian Bach
Tori Amos
Loreena McKennitt
Danny Elfman
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Nightwish
Classical music
Rock music
Folk music
Genre
Vampire
Soprano
Harpsichord
Organ (music)
Goth subculture
Tradition
Round (music)
Melody
Harmony
Chord (music)
Halloween
Austria
Vienna Woods
All Saints' Day
All Souls' Day
Halloween
Brigham Young University
Jack Santino
Halloween
Lesley Bannatyne
Rock music
The Spider and the Fly (poem)
Folk music
Johann Sebastian Bach
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Soul cake
Paganism
Christianity
Plainsong
Samhain
Soul cake
Edgar Allan Poe
The Raven
Lenore
The Philosophy of Composition
The Poetic Principle
National Endowment for the Arts
San Diego
Edgar Allan Poe
Devo
Francesco DiCosmo
Thin Lizzy
EastWest Studios
Steve Bartek
Oingo Boingo
Danny Elfman
John Avila
Oingo Boingo
The Doobie Brothers
Keyboard (magazine)
The Nightmare Before Christmas
Steve Bartek
Orchestration
Tim Burton

categories: Organists,Latter Day Saints from California,1976 births,Musicians from Orange County, California,Living people

paragraph: Kristen Lawrence

paragraph: Kristen Elise Lawrence, (born March 2, 1976), is an American organist, composer, and vocalist who writes, produces, records, and performs her music based on Halloween history. She coined the term "Halloween Carols" to describe her music compositions that celebrate the autumnal season.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Kristen Elise Lawrence was born in Orange County, California and fondly calls Disneyland's Haunted Mansion her second home. After studying piano for five years, she began her organ studies at age 12 from Pulitzer Prize-nominated composer/organist Dr. Robert Cummings. During her high school years she played at church services, arranged music for choral ensembles, and was the featured guest organist at a community Handel's "Messiah" Sing-along. In 1993 she won a Philharmonic Society of Orange County music competition.

paragraph: She accepted a music scholarship to Brigham Young University, studying organ under Dr. Parley Belnap and Dr. Douglas Bush, where her experiences ranged from accompanying on the organ in front of audiences of 20,000 at televised live devotional broadcasts, to singing in the Early Music Ensemble, to performing as a can-can dancer in the university’s production of Franz Lehár's The Merry Widow. She graduated from BYU in 2001 with a Bachelor of Music in organ performance and pedagogy, and taught music in Salt Lake City, Utah and Orange County, California.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Performances.

paragraph: As well as teaching music, playing organ for weddings, funerals/memorial services and church services after college, she arranged and played keyboard in the pop rock band, "Checkpoint Charley", recording one album with them and winning the B. B. King’s Battle of the Bands in Hollywood in 2005.

paragraph: Lawrence was introduced as a "Halloween Specialist" when she played guest keyboards with all-female Iron Maiden tribute metal band, The Iron Maidens, in their October 2010 “Heavy Metal Halloween Show” where she met Iron Maiden keyboardist Michael Kenney and "Eddie" artist Derek Riggs. This was a happy coincidence; Lawrence and Riggs had each been featured in the same "Rue Morgue" magazine Halloween issue that fall.

paragraph: In October 2008, Lawrence began performing with Pacific Symphony for the family and school concerts when she was cast as the spooky music teacher/organist in their Halloween Spooktacular, playing on the $3 million C. B. Fisk-built William J. Gillespie Concert Organ in the Renée and Henry Segerstrom Concert Hall in the Orange County Performing Arts Center. Lawrence again performed with Pacific Symphony for their 2011 Halloween family program, opening the show with Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 as well as demonstrating to the audience how the massive pipe organ is played. Besides performing, Kristen's composition skills were utilized when she was asked to score John Williams' "Jurassic Park" for organ to play with the orchestra. In addition to her performing with Pacific Symphony, she also performs with the Pacific Symphony Youth Orchestra and their ensembles when an organist is needed.

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.:Music genre.

paragraph: Lawrence’s music and lyrics have been called unique and eclectic, colored by the diversified influences of Bach, Tori Amos, Loreena McKennitt, Danny Elfman, Ralph Vaughan Williams, and Nightwish. Lawrence incorporates these classical, rock, and folk genres and arranges them into her elegant quirky songs for Halloween and the autumnal season.

paragraph: Lawrence's original vampire-themed music, with her luxurious "Blood Waltz" and the lush "Vampire Empire", showcases her clear soprano voice. Her use of harpsichord and organ, as well as her somewhat dark subject matter—as in "Sleeping Dust" (a death lullaby) —have afforded her a nod by many as an "honorary goth". And yet, her "Cats in the Catacombs" is pure whimsy in featuring her cat's hisses and yowls as the clever lyrics use words beginning with "cat."

paragraph: "Rue Morgue" magazine Music Editor, Trevor Tuminski described Lawrence's music this way: "Lawrence spins ethereal tales with a balance of macabre elements and kid-friendly whimsy ... that give her creations an instantly classic, fun-for-all-ages feel."

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.:Halloween Carols.

paragraph: The interest in Halloween and songwriting came together one day when she was playing the organ at a funeral, and the tune to the traditional round, "Ghost of John," wove through her head. This provided the inspiration that began her musical journey; she wrote the first four songs based on Halloween traditions that day when she returned home.

paragraph: Lawrence first composes each Halloween Carol as a round, where it harmonizes itself (with the exception of "Dark Glass"). She then composes the melody into four-part harmony where the chords of the carol differ from the repeating chords of the round to give interest and variety. She then writes the lyrics and orchestrates the music.

paragraph: Lawrence created her "Halloween Carols" for people to enjoy playing during the autumnal season, just as Christmas carols are enjoyed during December. By 2009, she had written over 60 Halloween Carols about trick-or-treating, witches, haunted houses, cats, bats, vampires, ghosts, and pumpkins, as well as the deeper aspects of Halloween history, releasing them over time in her albums.

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.:Halloween Research.

paragraph: The desire to begin researching the history of Halloween germinated during a college semester abroad in Austria in 1999 as she tramped through the leaves in the Vienna Woods and noticed people celebrating All Saints' Day (also called All Hallows) and All Souls' Day. Halloween had always been a time of fun, but its history now intrigued her.

paragraph: Lawrence continued her research on cultures and traditions of Halloween when she returned to BYU, gathering a large collection of books and articles to study further after she graduated. Favorite researchers include professor of folklore Jack Santino and Halloween expert Lesley Bannatyne Lawrence was asked by Bannatyne to make comments about Halloween music to be included in her book, "Halloween Nation: Behind the Scenes of America’s Fright Night".

paragraph: In addition to her original compositions, Lawrence researches traditional folk songs and arranges them for organ. The songs are largely based on the older roots of Halloween traditions, from pagan ceremonies to the Christian traditions that eventually melded with them.

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.:Music Producer.:"Arachnitect".

paragraph: The title song of her first album, "Arachnitect", is her quirky rock arrangement that touches on the children's classic theme of "Spider and the Fly," complete with a harpsichord and guitar-driven “silent-film-esque” chase scene across a web. She scored two versions of the American folk tune, "Ghost of John," one orchestrated with influences from Bach and Ralph Vaughan Williams, and the other "Bare Bones" version for voice and organ. She added several verses of new lyrics for poor John, describing his deteriorating body.

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.:Music Producer.:"A Broom with a View".

paragraph: In researching for her second CD, "A Broom With A View", Lawrence found two tunes associated with soul cakes. She combined and arranged her "Souling Songs" with additional original melodies into two versions with very different perspectives of the cultural forces behind Halloween—paganism and Christianity. As she played around with the traditional Cheshire tune, she was hit with an epiphany that the beginning notes are the same as the medieval plainchant Dies Irae, "Day of Judgment," calling the people to repent and pray for the dead. It struck her as plausible that the Cheshire tune could be a folk corruption of the chant as children and beggars asked for cakes in return for praying for the dead. She then wrote the Samhain version from the prospective of the dead coming to visit and enjoying some soul cakes.

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.:Music Producer.:"Vampire Empire".

paragraph: Lawrence edited songs from her first two albums, "Arachnitect" and "A Broom With A View", to create an album with songs to meet the time constraints to play on the radio. She also added the instrumental version of "Dark Glass" to the playlist.

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.:Music Producer.:"The Raven".

paragraph: In the 2012 CD album with title song, "Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven,"" Lawrence sings all 18 verses of Poe’s famous poem as if she were the ghost of Lenore. The musical setting with organ and strings reflects Lawrence's serious study and analysis of Poe's essays, "The Philosophy of Composition" and "The Poetic Principle".

paragraph: Lawrence's "The Raven" music was used throughout a month-long program sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts THE BIG READ: Shades of Poe in San Diego and Burbank, California. The events and performances are designed to encourage and inspire the community through stories, music, authors, art, poetry, film, actors and dance to read the works of Edgar Allan Poe.

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.:Music Producer.:"Singles".

paragraph: For her next project, instead of waiting until all of the music was recorded and ready to be released as a full album, Lawrence decided to release the first batch of songs as singles. These newest songs show the “rock” side of Kristen, and feature special guest performers. She laid the rhythm on her first two songs with Jeff Friedl (Devo) on drums and Francesco DiCosmo (Thin Lizzy) on bass guitar at EastWest Studios. Looking at her wish list, Lawrence then utilized some fortuitous connections to be able to feature Steve Bartek (Oingo Boingo, Danny Elfman) on guitar, baritone guitar, and mandolin, John Avila (Oingo Boingo) on bass, and MB Gordy (Doobie Brothers) on drums.

paragraph: Stephen Fortner, Executive Editor of Keyboard Magazine (October 2010) foretold a spooky coincidence by stating that Kristen's "... Halloween carols produce "an elegance Jack Skellington never quite managed. If the Halloween Town of Tim Burton’s "The Nightmare Before Christmas" had a resident keyboardist, it would be Kristen Lawrence.” Who would have guessed that the planets would align so that Steve Bartek, the orchestrator for Nightmare and other Tim Burton film music, would be playing guitar with Kristen's latest music projects!

paragraph: Section::::A unique kind of music.:Discography.

paragraph: ALBUMS

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arachnitect" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Broom with a View" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vampire Empire" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven"" (2012)

paragraph: SINGLES

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zombie Ambience (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zombie Ambience ("Zombies Around Steve Bartek" Version) (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zombie Ambience ("Quick Bite" Radio Edit) (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gust ("Ghost Town" Version) (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gust ("Crossroads" Version) (2015)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website: Kristen Lawrence Halloween Carols

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Kristen Lawrence

wikipedia_title: Kristen Lawrence


text:
Weimar
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Christiane Vulpius
Herzog August Library
Wolfenbüttel
Goethe movement
Bad Berka
festschrift
Jena

wikipedia_title:
Weimar
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Christiane Vulpius
Herzog August Library
Wolfenbüttel
Goetheforschung
Bad Berka
Festschrift
Jena

categories: German academics,1864 births,1942 deaths,Literary scholars,German poets

paragraph: Hans Gerhard Gräf

paragraph: Hans Gerhard Gräf (1864–1942) was a German Goethe specialist.

paragraph: Gräf was born on 5 May 1864 in Weimar. He was essential in preparation of the authoritative 1887-1919 Weimar complete edition of the works of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (also known as the Sophie edition). Gräf was primarily responsible for editing Goethe's journals and excerpting anthologies of journal entries. In 1916 Gräf also edited Goethe's correspondence with Goethe's mistress and wife, Christiane Vulpius.

paragraph: At the turn of the century, Gräf became a researcher at the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel, where he assembled a collection of Goethe's printed remarks about his own poetry, a landmark work in the Goethe movement known affectionately as the "Gräf" (German: "Goethes Gedruckte Äuserungen uber seine Dichtungen"). In later years, Gräf returned to Weimar, both his – and Goethe's – hometown.

paragraph: Gräf also made a known for himself by exploring Goethe's relationship to the town of Berka (now Bad Berka) and anthologizing Goethe's love poetry for the publisher Insel Verlag. A festschrift was published in Gräf's honor in 1921, and in 1924, at the urging of the firm's chief editor Bartel, the Leipzig publisher of Haessel issued a Goethe anthology in his honor. Later, Gräf collaborated on yet another Goethe edition (the Dünndruck Edition) for the Insel firm. During the second World War, Gräf moved to Jena, not far from Weimar, where he died in 1942 (the precise date is unknown).

paragraph: Gräf also published two volumes of his own poetry – the second lasting two print runs

description: German poet and academic

wikidata_label: Hans Gerhard Gräf

wikipedia_title: Hans Gerhard Gräf


text: Iranian

text: absurdist plays

wikipedia_title:
Iranian peoples
Absurdist fiction
Europe

categories: Male suicides,1947 births,1987 deaths,Iranian dramatists and playwrights,20th-century dramatists and playwrights,Dramatists and playwrights who committed suicide

paragraph: Abbas Nalbandian

paragraph: Abbas Nalbandian () (1947 – 28 May 1987) was an Iranian playwright who wrote several absurdist plays in the 1960s and 1970s. His plays had very long and strange names. For example, his first play was “A deep, big and new research about fossils of 25th genealogy period, or 20th, or any other period, there is no difference” (1966 ). Nalbandian was under the effects of European absurdist theatre and he tried to bring new ideas and methods from European drama into Iranian drama. He committed suicide on 28 May 1987. He recorded his voice at the time of dying.

paragraph: Section::::Some of his plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A deep, big and new research about fossils of 25th genealogy period, or 20th, or any other period, there is no difference" (1966 )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "If Faust was a real friend" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Research" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Putting a chair by the window and sitting on it and watching a long, dark, calm, cold night of the desert" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Harem" (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stories from the Rains of Love and Death" (1977)

description: Iranian writer

wikidata_label: Abbas Nalbandian

wikipedia_title: Abbas Nalbandian


text:
Aboriginal Australian
ceramic
Qantas
Boeing 737
Ernabella
South Australia
Pitjantjatjara people
Docker River
Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
Muṯitjulu
glasswork
University of South Australia
Yulara
Summer Olympic Games
Sydney
Qantas
Boeing 737-800
Uluṟu
Dreaming
ceremony
petrol sniffing
painting
woven baskets
sculpture
Belgium
Japan
National Gallery of Australia
coolamon
National Museum of Ethnology
Osaka
jewellery
The Oprah Winfrey Show

wikipedia_title:
Indigenous Australians
Ceramic
Qantas
Boeing 737
Pukatja, South Australia
South Australia
Pitjantjatjara
Kaltukatjara
Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
Mutitjulu
Glass art
University of South Australia
Yulara, Northern Territory
2000 Summer Olympics
Sydney
Qantas
Boeing 737 Next Generation
Uluru
Dreamtime
Ceremony
Inhalant
Painting
Basket weaving
Sculpture
Belgium
Japan
National Gallery of Australia
Coolamon (vessel)
National Museum of Ethnology (Japan)
Osaka
Jewellery
The Oprah Winfrey Show

categories: People from South Australia,1958 births,Australian painters,Australian Aboriginal artists,Living people,Artists from the Northern Territory

paragraph: Rene Kulitja

paragraph: Rene Kulitja (born 1958), also known as Wanuny Kulitja, is an Aboriginal Australian artist. She works with a range of media, including paint, glass and ceramics. Her most famous design is probably "Yananyi Dreaming", which covers a Qantas Boeing 737.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life.

paragraph: Rene was born in 1958, in Ernabella, South Australia. Her family are Pitjantjatjara people, and her Pitjantjatjara name is Wanuny. She grew up in northern South Australia, and then moved to Docker River following her marriage to Richard Kulitja. When Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park was handed back to traditional owners in 1985, the couple moved to Muṯitjulu to work in tourism. Rene became involved in arts and crafts at the women's centre there shortly after, and was a founding director of Walkatjara Art. Richard became the manager of Aṉangu Tours.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:As an artist.

paragraph: During the mid-1990s, Kulitja worked with other women artists on the interior design of the park's cultural centre. She also took a course on glasswork techniques at the University of South Australia, along with three other women. After a successful exhibition of work made using these new skills, Kulitja and the other women received a commission from the Ayers Rock Resort at Yulara for a panel of glass decorated with traditional designs.

paragraph: In 2000, Kulitja was one of over 300 Aboriginal women from Central Australia to perform at the Opening Ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games in Sydney.

paragraph: In 2002, Kulitja worked with Balarinji Studio in Sydney to design the exterior of a Qantas Boeing 737-800 fuselage. The design she painted was of Uluṟu. It was based on traditional designs and sacred Dreaming legends. The fleet was launched on 14 February 2002, with a special ceremony performed by singers and dancers from Muṯitjulu. The word "(y)" means "to go" or "to travel" in Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara. It was the third Qantas aircraft to be painted in an Aboriginal design. Kulitja did something similar again in 2010, when a semi-trailer was decorated with another of her designs as part of a national roadshow by Maṟuku Arts.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Community work.

paragraph: Kulitja has held an important position within the Pitjantjatjara–Yankunytjatjara community for several years. She has been a member of both the Muṯitjulu Community Council and the Board of Management of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. In 2006, she became the chairperson of Maṟuku Arts. In October 2007, she was elected for a two-year term as a director on the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara Women's Council.

paragraph: As a community advocate, Kulitja has campaigned to address the issues of petrol sniffing in Aboriginal communities in central Australia. Her own family has been deeply affected by the problem.

paragraph: Section::::Art.

paragraph: Kulitja works with a range of media, including paint, glass, ceramics and "" (desert grass). She makes paintings, woven baskets, and glass and ceramic sculptures. Her work has been shown in many exhibitions across Australia. It has also been exhibited in Belgium and Japan.

paragraph: An example of her glass work is shown in the National Gallery of Australia. It is a coolamon made of glass (rather than the traditional wood), and has been exhibited in several Australian galleries. Examples of her paintings are held in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka. Kulitja is also known for making traditional-style jewellery using modern techniques and media. Some of her jewellery work was featured on "The Oprah Winfrey Show" when Winfrey visited Uluṟu in December 2010.

description: artist

wikidata_label: Rene Kulitja

wikipedia_title: Rene Kulitja


text:
Kunstakademiet
Joakim Skovgaard
cathedral in Viborg
Zealand
Denmark
N. F. S. Grundtvig
Randers Museum of Art
altarpiece
Vrensted Church
Hjørring
Skovgaard Museum
National Gallery of Denmark
Randers Art Museum
Sorø Art Museum
Fuglsang Art Museum
Museum Jorn
Østsjællands Museum
Axel Salto
Karl Larsen
Svend Johansen
Vilhelm Lundstrom
Cascallares
Argentina
Sorø Abbey
Thorvaldsen Medal

categories: Danish male painters,1864 births,19th-century Danish painters,20th-century Danish painters,1941 deaths

paragraph: Niels Larsen Stevns

paragraph: Niels Larsen Stevns (9 July 1864 – 27 September 1941) was a Danish painter and sculptor. He was originally educated as a journeyman painter but attended Kunstakademiet in the years 1886–1887 and 1892–1894. He assisted Joakim Skovgaard decorating the cathedral in Viborg in a simplified style, based on early Christian and Byzantine art.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Stevns was born in the village of Gevnø, Zealand, Denmark, where his father was a clog maker and thatcher. It was a very humble and frugal family. Stevns developed at a young age, and maintained throughout his life, a fervent belief in God. Even as a boy, Stevns showed a talent for wood carving. He had the opportunity to develop this during a long illness at the age of twelve. This started his ideas to become an artist, gradually taking shape in the boy's head. At the age of eighteen he took a handicraft course and won a prize in a local competition.

paragraph: Section::::Artistic education.

paragraph: An adherent of N. F. S. Grundtvig, he painted religiously inspired paintings in a modernist style with a universally human message, e.g. "Kristus og Zakæus" (1913, Randers Museum of Art) and the altarpiece "Kristus og Nikodemus" (1918) in Vrensted Church south-west of Hjørring.

paragraph: Section::::Cooperation with Joakim Skovgaard.

paragraph: Stevns belonged to the Fynbo School of artists. This generation gained their mainly picturesque ideas in the Zahrtmann school. Then through his longstanding cooperation with Joakim Skovgaard he supported what is known as the “Skovgaard tradition”, receiving a thorough training in monumental painting.

paragraph: He is represented at Skovgaard Museum, the National Gallery of Denmark, Randers Art Museum, Sorø Art Museum, Fuglsang Art Museum, Museum Jorn, and Østsjællands Museum among others.

paragraph: Section::::Travel.

paragraph: Stevns first left Denmark, briefly, for Sweden in 1895. Then he visited Italy and Germany in 1896; Italy again in 1900 and in 1904. In September 1922, Stevns married and the couple travelled to the South of France, where Stevns painted landscapes in Cagnes-sur-mer. He worked alongside Axel Salto, Karl Larsen, Svend Johansen and Vilhelm Lundstrom. Stevns was fascinated by the strong southern light, which he perceived as God's very presence in the world. He and his wife then travelled to Florence, staying in the “Villa Linda.” During the time he also travelled to Austria and Germany. These journeys lasted for eleven months, heralding a new phase of his career. A bolder colour vision and a free monumentality marked this period.

paragraph: In 1928, through an expatriate Dane, Stevns received an order for an altarpiece in a parish in Cascallares, Argentina. Although he did not himself travel there, he finally realised the dream of his youth, in painting such historical pictures. This commission was for a Danish youth school and the subject was Absalon, based on an earlier work in the Cistercian Sorø Abbey, in central Zealand. Stevns’ last recorded journey was to Sweden again, in 1934.

paragraph: Stevns was awarded the Thorvaldsen Medal in 1933.

description: Danish painter

wikidata_label: Niels Larsen Stevns

wikipedia_title: Niels Larsen Stevns


text: DL

text: British

text: peer

text: politician

text: businessman

text: Hugh Kindersley, 2nd Baron Kindersley

text: Eton College

text: Trinity College, Oxford

text: Scots Guards

text: Malaya

text: Lieutenant

text: Lazard

text: Marconi

text: English Electric

text: GEC Ltd

text: Maersk

text: Commonwealth

text: BBA

text: Baron Kindersley

text: House of Lords

text: Conservative

text: maiden speech

text: economic policy

text: alternative medicine

text: House of Lords Act 1999

text: Robin Hill, 8th Marquess of Downshire

text: Rupert John Molesworth Kindersley

text: "The Rt Hon The Lord Kindersley."

categories: People educated at Eton College,British bankers,Scots Guards officers,2013 deaths,1929 births,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford

paragraph: Hugo Kindersley, 3rd Baron Kindersley

paragraph: Robert Hugh Molesworth "Hugo" Kindersley, 3rd Baron Kindersley DL (18 August 1929 – 9 October 2013) was a British peer, politician and businessman.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Kindersley was born on 18 August 1929 as son of Hugh Kindersley, 2nd Baron Kindersley and Nancy Farnsworth Boyd, daughter of Geoffrey Boyd. He had an older sister, Patricia Nassau Kindersley (1922-2010).

paragraph: He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Oxford and served with the Scots Guards. In 1949 he was posted to Malaya. He reached the rank of Lieutenant. From 1957 to 1996 he was Director of the "London Assurance". From 1958 to 1985 he was Director at the "Witan Investment Co Ltd". From 1959 to 1967 he was Director of the "Steel Company of Wales". From 1960 to 1991 he was Director of "Lazard Bros and Co Ltd", from 1963 to 1968 at Marconi, from 1965 to 1996 at the "Sun Alliance & London Insurance Group", from 1966 to 1968 at English Electric and from 1968 to 1970 at GEC Ltd.

paragraph: He was from 1969 to 1973 Director of "British Match Corporation Ltd", from 1973 to 1985 at "Swedish Match Co", from 1986 to 2001 at "Maersk Co Ltd" and from 1990 to 2001 at "Maersk India". He was from 1980 to 1989 Chairman of the "Commonwealth Development Corporation". From 1990 to 2000 he managed the "Siam Selective Growth Trust". From 1991 to 1992 he was Chairman of "Brent Walker Group plc".

paragraph: From 1975 to 1980 he was Deputy Chairman of the Advisory Council of the "Export Credits Guarantee Department" (ECGD). From 1961 to 1985 he was Financial Advisor at the "Export Group for the Constructional Industries". From 1976 to 1978 he was Chairman of the BBA. From 1976 to 1986 he was President of the "Anglo-Taiwan Trade Committee". He is Member of the "Institute Intelligence d'Eac" and the "Hereditary Peerage Association".

paragraph: Section::::Member of the House of Lords.

paragraph: On the death of his father in 1976, he inherited the title of Baron Kindersley and a seat in the House of Lords where he sat as a Conservative. His maiden speech on 26 July 1982 was on the topic of economic policy.

paragraph: Until the mid-1990s he gave speeches occasionally on alternative medicine, the "Osteopaths Bill [H.L.]", and several times on the "Housing and Urban Development Bill" and finally on 5 June 1995 on the "Commonwealth Development Corporation (No. 2) Bill [H.L.]".

paragraph: He lost his seat by the implementation of the House of Lords Act 1999. He did not stand for one of the remaining seats.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Kindersley was married on 4 September 1954 to Venice Marigold "Rosie" Hill (1930–2016), a daughter of Lord Arthur Francis Henry Hill and Ishabel Wilhelmina Sheila MacDougall and sister of Robin Hill, 8th Marquess of Downshire. They were divorced in 1989. In the same year he married Patricia Norman, daughter of Brigadier Hugh Norman.

paragraph: There were three sons and one daughter of the first marriage. His eldest son, Rupert John Molesworth Kindersley (born 1955), succeeded as 4th Baron. His second son died in 1991.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Robert Hugh Molesworth Kindersley, 3rd Baron Kindersley."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rt Hon The Lord Kindersley." Biography at Debretts.

description: British banker

wikidata_label: Robert Kindersley, 3rd Baron Kindersley

wikipedia_title: Hugo Kindersley, 3rd Baron Kindersley


text:
Dervish
Ottoman
Amasya
Hadj
Egypt
Battle of Kosovo (1448)
Fall of Constantinople
Bayezid II
Mehmed the Conqueror
Mehmed II
Ottoman Turkish
Halil Inalcik
Neşri
Franz Babinger
Cemal Kafadar
Franz Taeschner
Islam

categories: 15th-century historians,1400 births,15th-century writers of the Ottoman Empire,1484 deaths

paragraph: Aşıkpaşazade

paragraph: Dervish Ahmed (; "Ahmed the Dervish; 1400–1484), better known by his pen name Âşıki or family name Aşıkpaşazade, was an Ottoman historian, a prominent representative of the early Ottoman historiography. He was a descendant (the great-grandson) of mystic poet dervish Aşık Pasha (1272–1333). He was born in the region of Amasya and studied in various Anatolian towns before going to Hadj and stayed some time in Egypt. He later took part in various Ottoman campaigns, such as the Battle of Kosovo (1448), Fall of Constantinople and witnessed the circumcision festivities of Mustafa and Bayezid II the sons of Mehmed the Conqueror. Later in his life he started to write his famous history work "Tevārīḫ-i Āl-i ʿOsmān".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His main works are known under two names: "Menâkıb-ı Âli-i Osman" and "Tevārīḫ-i Āl-i ʿOsmān". The works deals with Ottoman history from the beginning of the Ottoman state until the time of Mehmed II. It is a chronological history of the Ottoman Empire between the years 1298 and 1472. The work is written in Ottoman Turkish and is partially based on older Ottoman sources, it is more detailed at the events he witnessed personally. His work was used by later Ottoman historians and became a fashion.

paragraph: Section::::Criticism.

paragraph: According to Halil Inalcik, in his works Aşıkpaşazade twisted his interpretation of the actual events to match his preconceptions. It was typical for him to simply merge two different stories to forge a new description of the battle. Some parts of "Cosmorama" or "Cihan-Nümâ", written by Neşri who was another prominent representative of early Ottoman Historiography, were based on the work of Aşıkpaşazade.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aşıkpaşazade: "Vom Hirtenzelt zur hohen Pforte; Frühzeit und Aufstieg des Osmanenreiches nach der Chronik "Denkwürdigkeiten und Zeitläufte des Hauses ʻOsman" vom Derwisch Ahmed, genannt ʻAsik-Paşa-Sohn". Trans. Richard F. Kreutel. Graz: Styria, 1959.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Babinger. Die Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen und ihre Werke. Leipzig 1927, p. 35–38.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cemal Kafadar. Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Taeschner. ʿĀshik-Pasha-Zāde. In: H.A.R. Gibb, et al.: The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition. 1, Leiden 1960, p. 699.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Halil Inalcik, "How to Read 'Ashik Pasha-zade's History", in "Essays in Ottoman History" (Istanbul: Eren, 1998) pp. 139–156

description: Ottoman historian

wikidata_label: Aşıkpaşazade

wikipedia_title: Aşıkpaşazade


text:
Roman Republic
Pons Sublicius
Lars Porsena
Clusium
war between Rome and Clusium
Lars Porsena
marched on Rome
Tiber
Porsena
Janiculum
Pons Sublicius
Octavius Mamilius
Marcus Valerius Volusus
Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus
Spurius Lartius
Titus Herminius Aquilinus
Marcus Horatius Pulvillus
Horatii
Alba Longa
agnomen
genius
comitium
Polybius
Plutarch
Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Livy
Florus
Mucius
Cloelia
Tacitus
Jupiter
plaquette
maiolica
Napoleon
Klausen
Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
River Eisack
Lays of Ancient Rome
Lord Macaulay
Oblivion
Winston Churchill
Harrow
Macaulay
Into the Storm
"Darkest Hour"
A Nation Once Again
Thermopylae
Jessie Pope
highlander
The Tales of Ensign Stål
Finnish War
Blue Thunder
Horatia (gens)
Vulcanal
Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Livy
Ab urbe condita

categories: 6th-century BC Romans,Ancient Roman soldiers,Roman mythology

paragraph: Horatius Cocles

paragraph: Publius Horatius Cocles was an officer in the army of the early Roman Republic who famously defended the Pons Sublicius from the invading army of Etruscan King Lars Porsena of Clusium in the late 6th century BC, during the war between Rome and Clusium. By defending the narrow end of the bridge, he—along with two others—was able to hold off the attacking army long enough to allow other Romans to destroy the bridge behind him, blocking the Etruscans' advance and saving the city.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: In 509 BC, King Lars Porsena was at the head of an army that marched on Rome. Concentrating his forces on the Etruscan (west) side of the Tiber, Porsena assaulted Janiculum hill and seized it and all its materiel from the terrified Roman guard. Porsena left an Etruscan garrison to hold it, then proceeded towards the Pons Sublicius, the only regional bridge across the Tiber. The Romans awaited in the Naevian Meadow between Porsena and the bridge. The Tarquins commanded the Etruscan left wing facing the Roman troops of Spurius Lartius and Titus Herminius. Octavius Mamilius commanded the Etruscan right right wing consisting of rebel Latins; they faced Romans under Marcus Valerius Volusus and Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus. Porsena commanded the center, facing the two Roman consuls. Porsena had the Romans outnumbered and intended to intimidate them into retreat.

paragraph: Battle ensued. The Etruscan right wing was successful in wounding Valerius and Lucretius, the commanders of the Roman left wing. After both were carried off the field, the Romans began to panic and ran for the bridge. The enemy pursued.

paragraph: Section::::Horatius at the bridge.

paragraph: Three Romans now defended the Pons Sublicius; the right wing's commanders Spurius Lartius and Titus Herminius Aquilinus, plus Publius Horatius Cocles, a junior officer "on guard at the bridge when he saw the Janiculum taken by a sudden assault and the enemy rushing down from it to the river ..."

paragraph: Publius Horatius Cocles was a patrician aristocrat, nephew to Consul Marcus Horatius Pulvillus, and also claimed descent from one of the Horatii who'd fought the Curiatii of Alba Longa. His agnomen ""Cocles"" arose from the fact he'd previously lost an eye.

paragraph: The three defenders withstood sword and missile attacks until the Roman troops had all crossed.

paragraph: Livy's briefer and more skeptical account tells of no battle, only that Horatius' "own men, a panic-struck mob, were deserting their posts and throwing away their arms"; however, Horatius' courage manages to shame the two veteran commanders, Herminius and Lartius, to assist him momentarily with his defense of the bridge.

paragraph: Dionysius' account explains, "Herminius and Lartius, their defensive arms being now rendered useless by the continual blows they received, began to retreat gradually." They order Horatius to retreat with them, but he stood his ground. Understanding the threat to Rome if the enemy were to cross the river, he ordered his men to destroy the bridge. The enemy was shocked not only by Horatius' suicidal last stand, but also by his decision to use a pile of bodies as a shield wall. Horatius was struck by enemy missiles many times including a spear in the buttocks. Hearing word from his men they'd torn up the bridge, he "leaped fully armed into the river and swimming across ... he emerged upon the shore without having lost any of his weapons."

paragraph: Livy's version has him uttering this prayer: "Tiberinus, holy father, I pray thee to receive into thy propitious stream these arms and this thy warrior," which is not inconsistent with Roman beliefs in the "genius" of a place.

paragraph: Horatius was awarded a crown for his valor (akin to a modern military decoration) and conducted into the city by a singing crowd joined by a grateful city. Horatius was now disabled and so could no longer serve in the army or hold public office, but he was provided "as much of the public land as he himself could plow around in one day with a yoke of oxen," and each citizen of Rome was obligated to gave him one day's ration of food. He would also be honored with a bronze statue in the comitium;

paragraph: Polybius' account uses Horatius as an example of the men who have "devoted themselves to inevitable death...to save the lives of other citizens...[H]e threw himself into the river with his armor, and there lost his life as he had designed."

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Horatius' defense stymied Lars Porsena's direct assault on the city walls, forcing him into a siege. The siege would conclude with a peace treaty, leaving Rome intact.

paragraph: Section::::Skeptical points of view.

paragraph: The story of Horatius at the Bridge appears in many ancient sources, including Plutarch, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and Livy. Florus tacitly acknowledges the extraordinary nature of the story, "It was on this occasion that those three prodigies and marvels of Rome made their appearance, Horatius, Mucius and Cloelia, who, were they not recorded in our annals, would seem fabulous characters at the present day." Tacitus notes in passing that "when [Rome] was surrendered, [Lars Porsena] did not violate the seat of Jupiter" (Rome's most important temple). This could be understood to mean that Rome surrendered during or after this battle.

paragraph: Livy viewed the story as legendary, dubious of Horatius' fully armed swim, noting "though many missiles fell over him he swam across in safety to his friends, an act of daring more famous than credible with posterity."

paragraph: T.J. Cornell deems these various accounts invented by "unscrupulous annalists" as "face-saving victories in the immediate aftermath of these defeats" insisting "The annalists of the first century BC are thus seen principally as entertainers..."

paragraph: Section::::Later uses of the theme.

paragraph: The story of the redoubtable Horatius at the Bridge began to be depicted in art during the Renaissance, but was never an especially popular theme. It tended to be shown by artists who favored recondite classical stories, and appear in the minor arts, such as plaquettes and maiolica.

paragraph: Napoleon, after the battle of Klausen, nicknamed General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas "The Horatius Cocles of Tyrol" for his solo defense of a bridge over the River Eisack.

paragraph: Horatius at the Bridge is retold in verse in the poem "" from the "Lays of Ancient Rome" by Lord Macaulay, which enjoyed great popularity in the late nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. The details of the poem often vary from the traditional tale by poetic license. A reference from the book appears also in the 2013 film "Oblivion" with the quote: "And how can a man die better, than facing fearful odds, for the ashes of his fathers, and the temples of his gods." Winston Churchill wrote that while he "stagnated in the lowest form" at Harrow, he gained a prize open to the whole school by reciting the whole 1,200 lines of Macaulay's "Horatius". A biographical film about Churchill, "Into the Storm" (2009), begins with the much older Churchill reciting from "Horatius". Later in the film, the same verses feature prominently in a nostalgic and morose address Churchill delivers to his war cabinet. Churchill also recites a brief section to himself in a scene in the biographical film "Darkest Hour".

paragraph: "A Nation Once Again" was a popular Irish rebel song, written in the early to mid-1840s by Thomas Osborne Davis (1814–1845) in furtherance of Irish nationalism. First published in "The Nation" on 13 July 1844 (two years after Macaulay's "Horatius"), the first verse refers to the heroism of "ancient freemen, For Greece and Rome who bravely stood, three hundred men and three men", references the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae and the three defenders at the Pons Sublicius.

paragraph: Horatius at the Bridge figures prominently in Jessie Pope's 1915 poem "The Longest Odds" about the exploits of a highlander who single-handedly clears an entire German trench before being killed. His actions are likewise compared to the Spartans and the Roman defenders.

paragraph: Horatius at the Bridge is echoed in a poem by Sven Dufva "The Tales of Ensign Stål" recounting the story of a simple-minded but honest and dutiful soldier in the Finnish War who, by himself, heroically holds back an attack by Russian forces at a bridge but dies in the effort.

paragraph: In the 1983 action film "Blue Thunder" the titular aircraft's pilot Frank Murphy is accused of being a rogue officer by the media, but likened to Horatius Cocles by a television executive; "That cop up there may be the hottest ticket since Horatius at the Bridge."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horatia (gens)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vulcanal, a statue in honor of Horatius Cocles was said to have been set up here.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dionysius of Halicarnassus, "Roman Antiquities", V:1–39

paragraph: BULLET::::- Livy, "Ab urbe condita", 2.10

description: mythical character

wikidata_label: Horatius Cocles

wikipedia_title: Horatius Cocles


text:
Italian
UNI-Virtuosi Racing
Arzignano
karting
KF3
2011
single-seaters
Formula Abarth
Prema Powerteam
Misano
2012
Formula Renault 2.0 Alps
Formula Renault 2.0 NEC
2013
Formula Renault 2.0 Alps
Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0
Le Castellet
Spa
Antonio Fuoco
Formula Renault 3.5 Series
2014
International Draco Racing
2014
Trident
Spa
2015
Esteban Ocon
2017
Russian Time
Williams Martini Racing

categories: People from Arzignano,Italian racing drivers,Formula Renault 2.0 NEC drivers,Formula Renault 2.0 Alps drivers,GP2 Series drivers,1995 births,Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 drivers,Formula 3.5 V8 drivers,Formula Abarth drivers,Living people,GP3 Series drivers

paragraph: Luca Ghiotto

paragraph: Luca Ghiotto (born 24 February 1995) is an Italian racing driver currently competing in Formula 2 for UNI-Virtuosi Racing.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Karting.

paragraph: Born in Arzignano, Ghiotto entered karting in 2008, when he took the title in the KF3 class of the Champions Cup, before he finished fourth the following year. Ghiotto remained in the KF3 category until the end of 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Formula Abarth.

paragraph: In 2011, Ghiotto made his début in single-seaters, taking part in the Formula Abarth series for Prema Powerteam. He finished ninth in the Italian Series standings with a single podium at Misano, while in the European Series he finished sixth with four podiums. He contested a sophomore campaign with the same team in 2012, improving to runner-up spots in both championships.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Formula Renault.

paragraph: Ghiotto remained with Prema, as they moved to the 2-litre Formula Renault machinery to compete in the final rounds of Formula Renault 2.0 Alps and Formula Renault 2.0 NEC at the end of 2012. For 2013, Ghiotto had full-time campaigns in both Formula Renault 2.0 Alps and the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0, staying with Prema. He took a podium finish at Le Castellet, as well as a victory at Spa, and finished ninth in the final championship standings. In the Alps series, he scored five wins and finished as runner-up to teammate Antonio Fuoco. Also he won the main race of the Formula Renault 2.0 Pau Trophy.

paragraph: Ghiotto graduated to the Formula Renault 3.5 Series in 2014, competing for International Draco Racing.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:GP3 Series.

paragraph: Ghiotto made his debut in 2014, with Trident, at Spa, taking pole position on his debut.

paragraph: He remained with Trident for 2015, taking five victories in the season, but losing the title to Esteban Ocon by eight points.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:GP2 Series.

paragraph: In February 2016, it was announced that Ghiotto would be graduating to the series, whilst continuing his collaboration with Trident. After a shaky start to the season, he claimed his first victory at the sprint race in Sepang and finished eighth in the overall standings.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:FIA Formula 2 Championship.

paragraph: In 2017, Ghiotto switched to Russian Time.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Formula One.

paragraph: In August 2017, Ghiotto participated in the post-Hungarian Grand Prix test for Williams Martini Racing.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Career summary.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete FIA Formula 2 Championship results.

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

description: Italian racing driver

wikidata_label: Luca Ghiotto

wikipedia_title: Luca Ghiotto


text:
Jamaica national bobsleigh team
2014 Winter Olympics
Jamaican flag
2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony
Damien Shalon Cox

categories: Olympic bobsledders of Jamaica,Jamaican male bobsledders,1983 births,Bobsledders at the 2014 Winter Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Marvin Dixon

paragraph: Marvin Dixon (born on September 9, 1983) is a member of the Jamaica national bobsleigh team and competed in the 2014 Winter Olympics in the two-man bobsled.

paragraph: Dixon was born on August 9, 1983 in Rockfort, St. Andrews, Jamaica. He has been a member of the Jamaican National team since May 2007.

paragraph: He was selected to carry the Jamaican flag at the 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony.

paragraph: Before bobsleigh Marvin Dixin was a track & field athlete in High School, where he ran 100m, 200m and also 400m along with Damien Shalon Cox

description: Jamaican bobsledder

wikidata_label: Marvin Dixon

wikipedia_title: Marvin Dixon


text:
Aigle
Vevey
École des Beaux-Arts
Le Rire
La Vie Parisienne
Salon
Virgil
Paul Valéry
Blaise Pascal
Paul Verlaine
Anatole France
Charles Maurras
Hugues Delorme
Paul Tuffrau
Roger Dévigne
Georges Courteline
Georges Courteline
Paul-Jean Toulet
Paul-Jean Toulet

categories: 20th-century French painters,1877 births,1937 deaths

paragraph: Charles Émile Egli

paragraph: Charles Émile Egli (known as Carlègle; 30 March 1877 – 11 January 1937) was a Swiss-born illustrator and painter who spent most of his life in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Charles Émile Egli was born in Aigle, Switzerland on 30 March 1877.

paragraph: He was educated in Aigle and then at the college of Vevey.

paragraph: When he was eighteen he attended engraving classes of Alfred Martin at the school of industrial arts in Geneva.

paragraph: Four year later he moved to Paris, where he stayed the rest of his life.

paragraph: Egli studied at the École des Beaux-Arts.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Egli adopted the pseudonym of Carlègle. He soon became known in satirical journals like "Le Rire", "Le Sourire", "La Vie Parisienne", "L'Assiette au Beurre", "Fantasio", "La Gazette do Bon Ton", "Les Humoristes" and "Qui lit rit". Egli excelled in wood engraving.

paragraph: His illustrations for "Daphnis et Chloé" exhibited in the autumn Salon of 1913 launched his career. From then until his death in 1937 he illustrated books by classical and contemporary authors such as Virgil, Paul Valéry, Blaise Pascal, Paul Verlaine, Anatole France and Charles Maurras.

paragraph: He was naturalized in 1927.

paragraph: Charles Émile Egli died in Paris on 11 January 1937.

paragraph: He was the subject of a book by Hugues Delorme published in 1939.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: Books that Egli illustrated include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carnet d'un Combattant" by Paul Tuffrau, Payot - appeared in 1917, under the pseudonym of lieutenant E.R., with 64 pen drawings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frontispice in the review "L'Encrier", founded by Roger Dévigne in May 1919

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Petite Fille aux Papillotes", original wood engraving in the review "L'Encrier" (15 October-15 November 1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daphnis et Chloé" by Longus, chez Pichon in 1919

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Train de 8h47" by Georges Courteline, Paris, Société littéraires de France

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" by Georges Courteline, Paris, Éditions littéraires de France

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Aventures du Roi Pausole" by Pierre Louys, first published by Fayard (« Modern Bibliothèque ») in 1908, then with different illustrations by Briffaut in 1924

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mon Amie Nane" by Paul-Jean Toulet, 18 original wood engravings, Paris, Léon Pichon, 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Contrerimes" by Paul-Jean Toulet, 6 original wood engravings, Brussels, Editions Un Coup de Dés, 1927

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lysistrata" d'Aristophane, Paris, Éditions Briffaut, 1928

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maxime" de Duvernois, Babou, 1929

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Sopha" de Crébillon, Mornay, 1933

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nudité" de Colette, La Mappemonde, 1943 (posthumous)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Arlequin aux Jacinthes" by Maurice Venoize, Boivin et Cie, undated

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Sources

alias:
Charles Emile Egli
Emile Charles Carlegle
Charles Egli
Charles-Emile Carlégle
Charles Emile Carlégle
Emile Charles Carlégle
Charles-Emile Carlegle
Charles Emile Carlegle

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Charles Émile Egli

wikipedia_title: Charles Émile Egli


text:
Italian
Roman Catholic
cardinal
bishop
Genoa
noble
doctorate
law
lawyer
Rome
Referendary
Apostolic Signatura
abbreviator
pope
domestic prelate
Apostolic Camera
praefectus annonae
Carlo Carafa
legation
Philip II of Spain
Pope Pius IV
cardinal deacon
consistory
red hat
deaconry
Santa Maria in Aquiro
Bishop of Ventimiglia
see of Luni-Sarzana
titular church
Santa Sabina
consecrated
Clemente d'Olera
San Pietro in Montorio
papal conclave of 1565-66
Pope Pius V
papal legate
Campagne and Maritime Province
see of Anagni
papal conclave of 1572
Pope Gregory XIII
San Gregorio Magno al Celio

paragraph: Benedetto Lomellini

paragraph: Benedetto Lomellini (1517 – 24 July, 1579) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Benedetto Lomellini was born in Genoa in 1517, the son of a rich noble family. He received a doctorate in law.

paragraph: He practiced as a lawyer and became a cleric in Genoa. He later moved to Rome, becoming a Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. On September 27, 1543, he became an "abbreviator de parco maiori". He was made a secretary apostolic on December 1, 1551. The pope also made him a domestic prelate. On July 27, 1562, he became a member of the Apostolic Camera. He was made "praefectus annonae" on November 13, 1562. He accompanied Cardinal Carlo Carafa during his legation to Philip II of Spain.

paragraph: Pope Pius IV made him a cardinal deacon in the consistory of March 12, 1565. He received the red hat and the deaconry of Santa Maria in Aquiro on May 15, 1565.

paragraph: On July 6, 1565, he was elected Bishop of Ventimiglia. He was transferred to the see of Luni-Sarzana on September 7, 1565. On the same day, he opted for the titular church of Santa Sabina. He was consecrated as a bishop by Cardinal Clemente d'Olera in San Pietro in Montorio on November 21, 1565.

paragraph: He participated in the papal conclave of 1565-66 that elected Pope Pius V. The new pope named him papal legate in the Campagne and Maritime Province in 1571. On March 17, 1572, he was transferred to the see of Anagni. He participated in the papal conclave of 1572 that elected Pope Gregory XIII.

paragraph: He died in Rome on July 24, 1579. He was buried in San Gregorio Magno al Celio.

description: Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal

wikidata_label: Benedetto Lomellini

wikipedia_title: Benedetto Lomellini