text: Greek

text: pharaoh

text: 21st Dynasty

text: Tanis

text: /pəsiwʃeʕənneːʔə/

text: Pinedjem I

text: Henuttawy

text: Ramesses XI

text: Tentamun

text: Mutnedjmet

text: Pierre Montet

text: Lower Egypt

text: Tutankhamun

text: Upper Egypt

text: lapis lazuli

text: Cairo Museum

text: sarcophagi

text: Valley of the Kings

text: Third Intermediate Period

text: cartouche

text: Merenptah

text: 19th Dynasty

text: Ramesses II

text: Cairo University

text: High Priest of Amun

text: Menkheperre

text: Smendes

text: Amenemope

text: Osorkon the Elder

text: Siamun

text: Pinedjem II

text: Kom Ombo

text: Smendes II

text: Amun

text: Mut

text: Khonsu

text: Pi-Ramesses

text: Ramesses II

text: Mutnedjmet

text: Ad Thijs

text: Secrets of the Dead

text: "The Silver Pharaoh"

categories: Ancient Egyptian mummies,11th century BC in Egypt,11th-century BC Pharaohs,Pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt

paragraph: Psusennes I

paragraph: Psusennes I (; Greek Ψουσέννης) was the third pharaoh of the 21st Dynasty who ruled from Tanis between 1047–1001 BC. "Psusennes" is the Greek version of his original name Pasibkhanu or Pasebakhaenniut (in reconstructed Late Egyptian: /pəsiwʃeʕənneːʔə/), which means "The Star Appearing in the City" while his throne name, Akheperre Setepenamun, translates as "Great are the Manifestations of Ra, chosen of Amun." He was the son of Pinedjem I and Henuttawy, Ramesses XI's daughter by Tentamun. He married his sister Mutnedjmet.

paragraph: Section::::Burial.

paragraph: Professor Pierre Montet discovered pharaoh Psusennes I's intact tomb (No.3 or NRT III) in Tanis in 1940. Unfortunately, due to its moist Lower Egypt location, most of the perishable wood objects were destroyed by water — a fate not shared by KV62, the tomb of Tutankhamun in the drier climate of Upper Egypt. In contrast to KV62, Psusennes I's tomb holds the distinction of being the only pharaonic grave ever found unscathed by any tomb robbing attempts. The tomb of Tutankhamun had been robbed twice in antiquity.

paragraph: In spite of the destruction of wooden artifacts within the tomb due to the moist Nile delta area, the king's magnificent funerary mask was recovered intact; it proved to be made of gold and lapis lazuli and held inlays of black and white glass for the eyes and eyebrows of the object. Psusennes I's mask is considered to be "one of the masterpieces of the treasure[s] of Tanis" and is currently housed in Room 2 of the Cairo Museum. It has a maximum width and height of 38 cm and 48 cm respectively. The pharaoh's "fingers and toes had been encased in gold stalls, and he was buried with gold sandals on his feet. The finger stalls are the most elaborate ever found, with sculpted fingernails. Each finger wore an elaborate ring of gold and lapis lazuli or some other semiprecious stone."

paragraph: Psusennes I's outer and middle sarcophagi had been recycled from previous burials in the Valley of the Kings through the state-sanctioned tomb-robbing that was common practice in the Third Intermediate Period. A cartouche on the red outer sarcophagus shows that it had originally been made for Pharaoh Merenptah, the 19th Dynasty successor of Ramesses II. Psusennes I, himself, was interred in an "inner silver coffin" which was inlaid with gold. Since "silver was considerably rarer in Egypt than gold," Psusennes I's silver "coffin represents a sumptuous burial of great wealth during Egypt's declining years."

paragraph: Dr. Douglass Derry, who worked as the head of Cairo University's Anatomy Department, examined the king's remains in 1940 and determined that the king was an old man when he died. Derry noted that Psusennes I's teeth were badly worn and full of cavities and an abscess that left a hole in his palate, and observed that the king suffered from extensive arthritis and was probably crippled by this condition in his final years.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Psusennes I's precise reign length is unknown because different copies of Manetho's records credit him with a reign of either 41 or 46 years. Some Egyptologists have proposed raising the 41 year figure by a decade to 51 years to more closely match certain anonymous Year 48 and Year 49 dates in Upper Egypt. However, the German Egyptologist Karl Jansen-Winkeln has suggested that all these dates should be attributed to the serving High Priest of Amun, Menkheperre instead who is explicitly documented in a Year 48 record. Jansen-Winkeln notes that "in the first half of Dyn. 21, [the] HP Herihor, Pinedjem I and Menkheperre have royal attributes and [royal] titles to differing extents" whereas the first three Tanite kings (Smendes, Amenemnisu and Psusennes I) are almost never referred to by name in Upper Egypt with the exception of one graffito and rock stela for Smendes. In contrast, the name of Psusennes I's 21st Dynasty successors such as Amenemope, Osorkon the Elder, and Siamun appear frequently in various documents from Upper Egypt while the Theban High Priest Pinedjem II who was a contemporary of the latter three kings never adopted any royal attributes or titles in his career.

paragraph: Hence, two separate Year 49 dates from Thebes and Kom Ombo could be attributed to the ruling High Priest Menkheperre in Thebes instead of Psusennes I but this remains uncertain. Psusennes I's reign has been estimated at 46 years by the editors of the "Handbook to Ancient Egyptian Chronology". Psusennes I must have enjoyed cordial relations with the serving High Priests of Amun in Thebes during his long reign since the High Priest Smendes II donated several grave goods to this king which were found in Psusennes II's tomb.

paragraph: During his long reign, Psusennes built the enclosure walls and the central part of the Great Temple at Tanis which was dedicated to the triad of Amun, Mut and Khonsu. Psusennes was ostensibly the ruler responsible for turning Tanis into a fully-fledged capital city, surrounding its temple with a formidable brick "temenos" wall with its sanctuary dedicated to Amun being composed of blocks salvaged from the derelict Pi-Ramesses. Many of these blocks were unaltered and kept the name of Pi-Ramesses' builder, Ramesses II, including obelisks still bearing the name of Ramesses II transported from the former capital of Pi-Ramesses to Tanis.

paragraph: Psusennes had taken his sister, Mutnedjmet, in marriage, in addition to the Lady Wiay. Only two of Psusennes I's children remain identifiable.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bob Brier, "Egyptian Mummies: Unraveling the Secrets of an Ancient Art", William Morrow & Co, (1994), pp. 146–147.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ad Thijs, The Burial of Psusennes I and “The Bad Times” of P. Brooklyn 16.205, ZÄS 96 (2014), 209–223

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Yoyotte, BSSFT 1(1988) 46 n.2.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secrets of the Dead" episode: "The Silver Pharaoh" (2010)

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Psusennes I

wikipedia_title: Psusennes I


text:
Crete
Erotokritos
Cretan Greek
Cretan Renaissance
Cornaro
Sitia
Heraklion
William Shakespeare
Miguel de Cervantes
Sitia
Iraklion
plague
literature
Andrea Cornaro
Candia
Dionysios Solomos
Kostis Palamas
Krystallis
Seferis
Heraklion
ferryboat
Kythera
Antikythera
Peloponnese
Piraeus
ιστ΄
ιζ΄
The Cretan school of literature

categories: 1553 births,Greek dramatists and playwrights,Cretan poets,Greek people of Venetian descent,1610s deaths,Greek Roman Catholics,16th-century writers,Modern Greek-language writers

paragraph: Vitsentzos Kornaros

paragraph: Vitsentzos or Vikentios Kornaros ( or ) or Vincenzo Cornaro (March 29, 1553 – 1613/1614) was a poet from Crete, who wrote the romantic epic poem "Erotokritos". He wrote in vernacular Cretan dialect (Cretan Greek), and was a leading figure of the Cretan Renaissance.

paragraph: Vitsentzos Kornaros is considered to be the greatest of all the Cretan poets and one of the most significant and influential figures in the entire course of Greek poetry. The son of a Venetian-Cretan aristocrat and a scion of the noble Venetian family of Cornaro, he was born near Sitia, Crete in 1553. Later, when he married, he came to live in Candia (now Heraklion) where he joined the Accademia dei Stravaganti. Kornaros died in 1613 (or 1614), just before his contemporaries, William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Not many biographic sources exist about Kornaros apart from the last verses of "Erotokritos". It is believed that he was born to a wealthy family in Trapezonda (), a village near Sitia, Crete, in 1553, and lived there roughly up to 1590. He then moved to Candia (modern Iraklion), where his marriage to Marietta Zeno took place. Together they had two daughters named Helen and Katerina.

paragraph: In 1591 Kornaros became an administrator, and during the outbreak of plague from 1591 to 1593 he worked as a sanitary supervisor.

paragraph: He showed interest in literature and was a member of a literary group called "Accademia degli Stravaganti" ("Academy of the Strange Ones"), which was founded by his brother and fellow writer Andrea Cornaro, who wrote in Italian language.

paragraph: He died in Candia, in 1613 (or 1614), and was buried at the church of San Francesco. The cause of his death remains unknown.

paragraph: Alternate spellings of his first name include Vincenzo, Vitzentzos or Vikentios.

paragraph: Kornaros' "Erotokritos" was a source of inspiration for Dionysios Solomos and influenced Greek poets such as Kostis Palamas, Krystallis and Seferis.

paragraph: Section::::His legacy.

paragraph: After him named:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Kornaros square in Heraklion

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vitsentzos Kornaros Technopolis

paragraph: BULLET::::- A ferryboat, connecting the Greek islands Kythera and Antikythera with Crete, the Peloponnese and Piraeus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Vitsentzos Kornaros cinema in Heraklion

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- D. Holton, "Λογοτεχνία και κοινωνία στην Κρήτη της Αναγέννησης" "Literature and society in Renaissance Crete" (1991), p. 369

paragraph: BULLET::::- L. Politis, "Ιστορία της Νεοελληνικής λογοτεχνίας" "History of modern Greek literature", ed. Μ.Ι.Ε.Τ. (National Bank of Greece Cultural Foundation), Athens 1978, p. 78

paragraph: BULLET::::- K. Th. Dimaras, "Ιστορία της νεοελληνικής λογοτεχνίας" "History of modern Greek literature", ed. Ίκαρος, Athens 1975 (6η έκδοση), p. 81

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Alexiou, «Εισαγωγή» "Introduction" of "Βιτσέντζος Κορνάρος, Ερωτόκριτος", ed. Ερμής, Athens 1995, p. ιστ΄–ιζ΄

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Cretan school of literature

description: Greek writer

wikidata_label: Vitsentzos Kornaros

wikipedia_title: Vitsentzos Kornaros


text:
swimmer
national senior records
World Junior Championships
2017 World Aquatics Championships

categories: Irish female swimmers,2000 births,Swimmers at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Mona McSharry

paragraph: Mona McSharry (born 21 August 2000) is an Irish swimmer. She is the holder of multiple breaststroke national senior records (50 m, 100 m and 200 m in long course, 50 m and 100 m in short course). In August 2017, she earned the women's swimming title of 100 m breaststroke junior world champion during the World Junior Championships, in Indianapolis. She has also competed in senior competitions, including the 2017 World Aquatics Championships.

description: Irish swimmer

wikidata_label: Mona McSharry

wikipedia_title: Mona McSharry


text:
Reverend
MBE
Orthodox
Rabbi
Jew
British Army
chaplain
Bergen-Belsen
concentration camp
Glynneath
Wales
Jew
Liverpool
yeshivah
University of Leeds
BA
MA
shochet
Second World War
Army Chaplains' Department
Hertfordshire
Netherlands
Hanukkah
Nazi Germany
Brigadier Glyn Hughes
Kaddish
bulldozer
BBC
Richard Dimbleby
circumcised
Josef Kramer
Hendon
chaplain
Holocaust Educational Trust
Ravensbrück concentration camp
Holocaust
Jews College
Al Murray
Bergen Belsen
Al Murray's Road To Berlin
Channel 4
The Relief of Belsen
Paul Hilton
kippa
MBE
Simon Wiesenthal
Museum of Tolerance
Freemason
Hardman on the BBC
Photographs of Hardman at Bergen-Belsen
Hardman on Totallyjewish.com
Imperial War Museum Interview

categories: Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers,2008 deaths,British Orthodox rabbis,World War II chaplains,Members of the Order of the British Empire,1913 births,Alumni of the University of Leeds,Rabbis in the military,Bergen-Belsen concentration camp,British Army personnel of World War II

paragraph: Leslie Hardman

paragraph: Reverend Leslie Henry Hardman MBE HCF (18 February 1913 – 7 October 2008) was an Orthodox Rabbi and the first Jewish British Army chaplain to enter Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, an experience "that made him a public figure, both within his community and outside it".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hardman was born in Glynneath, Wales to a Polish father and Russian mother who were both Jewish. The couple lived in the Welsh valleys and worked as small business traders. While he was still young, the family moved to Liverpool where he attended the Hope Street Jewish School. Hardman attended a yeshivah and then the University of Leeds, where he took his BA and then an MA. He married his wife Josi (1911–2007) on 14 October 1936, two years after becoming minister of the Jewish community at St. Anne's, where he was also the shochet, or ritual slaughterer. From there he took a ministerial appointment in Leeds.

paragraph: Section::::Bergen-Belsen.

paragraph: On the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Hardman enlisted in the Army Chaplains' Department, being stationed in Hertfordshire with the East Central District of the Eastern Command. In the autumn of 1944 Hardman served in the Netherlands, where he learned of the atrocities perpetrated against Jews. There he became involved with members of the remaining Jewish community, and celebrated Hanukkah with them. From the Netherlands he was sent to Nazi Germany, where he remained until the end of the war. Unusually for a chaplain, he insisted on being armed while on active service.

paragraph: By April 1945 Captain Hardman was the 32-year-old Senior Jewish Chaplain to the British Forces, attached to the 8th Corps of the British 2nd Army. On 17 April 1945, Hardman entered Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, two days after it had been liberated by British military forces, under the command of fellow Welshman Brigadier Glyn Hughes. Hardman became the first Jewish chaplain at the site. On arriving at the camp he tried to bring comfort to the survivors and said the Kaddish, the Jewish memorial prayer, over the dead. He tried to persuade the army bulldozer drivers who were pushing the bodies of the dead into a pit to bury them with some kind of dignity. Hardman supervised the burial of about 20,000 victims, "giving them the dignity in death of which they had been robbed in life".

paragraph: Later he wrote of his experience at the camp, "Towards me came what seemed to be the remnants of a holocaust – a staggering mass of blackened skin and bones, held together somehow with filthy rags. 'My God, the dead walk', I cried aloud, but I did not recognise my voice... [peering] at the double star, the emblem of Jewry on my tunice – one poor creature touched and then stroked the badge of my faith, and finding that it was real murmured, 'Rabbiner, Rabbiner'."

paragraph: Years later, Hardman told a correspondent from the BBC, "If all the trees in the world turned into pens, all the waters in the oceans turned into ink and the heavens turned into paper, it would still be insufficient material to describe the horrors these people suffered under the SS."

paragraph: When Richard Dimbleby made a radio report of the Belsen liberation from the camp itself for the BBC, Hardman could be heard singing a hymn with two women in the background, one of whom died almost immediately after the recording was made. He circumcised Jewish babies who had been born in the camp as well as burying those who died. He conducted the marriage of a survivor and the British sergeant who had liberated her.

paragraph: He was recorded as having said that he had lost his faith at Belsen. However, he later stated, "I didn't lose my faith, but some of the words of the prayers I said at Belsen stuck in my throat. I couldn't understand how the God I worshipped could permit this."

paragraph: Hardman was present during the interrogation of Josef Kramer, the Commandant of Bergen-Belsen; Kramer's complete lack of remorse made a deep impression on him. Kramer would later be tried, and was hanged in December 1945.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: After the war Hardman served as the rabbi at Hendon United Synagogue from 1947 to 1982, and was the Hendon Branch Chaplain of the Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women. He also served as chaplain to the psychiatric unit at Edgware Hospital and was a strong supporter of the Holocaust Educational Trust.

paragraph: Early in the 1960s the North Western Reform Synagogue invited a young German pastor and some teenage members of his church to visit their congregation in London. Hardman was reported in the Jewish Chronicle as having criticised the invitation on the grounds that it was inappropriate. In response, the synagogue's rabbi, Dow Marmur, invited Hardman to attend a public meeting that had been organised to welcome them. Upon hearing the pastor, Hardman was given an opportunity to address the audience. His first words were: "Ladies and Gentlemen, I want to apologise."

paragraph: In 1995 Hardman was invited to conduct the service to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Ravensbrück concentration camp. He was also frequently called on by American groups to speak at Holocaust conferences. At one such event the rabbis presented him with an American rabbinical certificate, a presentation which had been denied him by Jews College, the leading rabbinical seminary in London, "for political reasons", he claimed.

paragraph: Hardman was interviewed by Al Murray at Bergen Belsen for the 2004 documentary "Al Murray's Road To Berlin". In the 2007 Channel 4 drama "The Relief of Belsen" Hardman was portrayed by actor Paul Hilton. Hardman did not watch the programme, but said of it, "One member of my congregation complained that I was seen in it without a kippa. Can you imagine that? There I was, burying thousands of bodies, and all this man cared about was that I wasn't wearing a hat."

paragraph: Hardman was appointed MBE in 1998 for his services to the Jewish community, and in 1995 was honoured by the Simon Wiesenthal Museum of Tolerance in Los Angeles. He was also a Freemason. In January 2008 he gave a speech at the National Holocaust Memorial Day commemoration in Liverpool.

paragraph: Leslie Hardman died on 7 October 2008 aged 95.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hardman, Leslie and Cecily Goodman 'The Survivors: the story of the Belsen Remnant' London: Vallentine, Mitchell, (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hardman, Leslie (contributor) Belsen in History and Memory By Jo Reilly, Joanne Reilly Published by Routledge, (1997)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hardman on the BBC website/a

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photographs of Hardman at Bergen-Belsen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hardman on Totallyjewish.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial War Museum Interview

description: British rabbi

wikidata_label: Leslie Hardman

wikipedia_title: Leslie Hardman


text: Kraków

text: Kraków

text: professor

text: leukemia

text: psychotherapy

text: somatic

text: ecological prevention

text: cancer

text: German invasion of Poland

text: Kraków Ghetto

text: Polish Righteous

text: Armia Krajowa

text: Kielce

text: Radom

text: nom-de-guerre

text: platoon

text: Virtuti Militari

text: Kraków

text: hematology

text: Jagiellonian university medical college

text: Virtuti Militari

text: Order of Polonia Restituta

text: Cross of Merit with Swords

text: Cross of Valour

categories: Polish Jews,Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari,1908 births,Jagiellonian University faculty,Polish hematologists,Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland),1988 deaths,People from Kraków,Recipients of the Cross of Merit with Swords (Poland),Armia Krajowa members,Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta

paragraph: Julian Aleksandrowicz

paragraph: Julian Aleksandrowicz (1908 Kraków –1988 Kraków) was a Polish medical professional, professor of medicine, and a notable specialist on leukemia. He is known for having developed concepts of comprehensive psychotherapy of persons suffering from somatic diseases, as well as of the ecological prevention of cancer and leukaemia.

paragraph: Aleksandrowicz was of Jewish descent, and after German invasion of Poland (during which he fought in the 72nd Infantry Regiment), he was imprisoned in the Kraków Ghetto (he managed to bury his research data beforehand and recover them after the war). He founded one of the three ghetto hospitals. While in the ghetto, he was aided by one of the Polish Righteous, Józef Adamowicz (who was eventually caught and beaten to death by Nazi guards at the ghetto). Later, in 1943, Aleksandrowicz managed to escape the ghetto and became a physician of the Polish resistance, Armia Krajowa in the Kielce-Radom Independent "Jodła" Region, under a nom-de-guerre "Doktor Twardy". Eventually he became a platoon leader. For his participation in the resistance, he received the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

paragraph: For most of his life, he lived in Kraków. He was an author of many medical texts (including the first Polish textbook on hematology), and a professor (since 1951) and a director of the notable Hematology Clinic at the Jagiellonian university medical college (1950–1978).

paragraph: Section::::Awards and decorations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cross of Merit with Swords

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cross of Valour

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Halina Kleszcz, Profesor Julian Aleksandrowicz, uznany krakowianinem XX wieku w dziedzinie nauki, już 15 lat nie inspiruje świata medycyny

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aleksander B. Skotnicki, Droga życiowa profesora Juliana Aleksandrowicza / Profesor Julian Aleksandrowicz (1908–1988) (mirror)

description: Academic, physician

wikidata_label: Julian Aleksandrowicz

wikipedia_title: Julian Aleksandrowicz


text: House of Lorraine

text: Charles II

text: Henry IV of France

text: Gabrielle d'Estrées

text: Claude, Duke of Guise

text: René II, Duke of Lorraine

text: Foreign Prince

text: Royal Family

text: Princes of the Blood

text: Chevalier de Lorraine

text: Philippe I, Duke of Orléans

text: Count of Armagnac

text: Louis XIV of France

text: Palais-Royal

text: Paris

text: Duke of Cadaval

text: Montmartre

text: "Alphonse Henri" Charles de Lorraine

categories: 1694 deaths,People from Paris,House of Lorraine,House of Guise,17th-century French people,Counts of Harcourt,1624 births

paragraph: François Louis, Count of Harcourt

paragraph: François Louis de Lorraine (1623–27 June 1694) was a member of the House of Lorraine. He was Count of Harcourt. He was also the Count of Rieux, Rochefort and Montlaur. He was also Marquis of Maubec as well as the Baron of Aubenas.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: François Marie was born to Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf and his wife Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, "Légitimée de France", legitimised daughter of Henry IV of France and Gabrielle d'Estrées. He was the couple's third son. In his youth, he was styled as the Prince of Harcourt, later being styled as Count.

paragraph: A member of the "House of Guise" founded by Claude, Duke of Guise, he was a "Prince of Lorraine" as a male line descendant of René II, Duke of Lorraine. At court, he, like his Lorraine family, held the rank of "Foreign Prince", a rank which was below that of the immediate Royal Family and Princes of the Blood.

paragraph: His paternal first cousins included the Chevalier de Lorraine (lover of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans), Count of Armagnac; his maternal cousins included Louis XIV of France "and" the above-mentioned Duke of Orléans.

paragraph: He married Anne d'Ornano, "comtesse de Montlaur" and "marquise de Maubec" in her own right. The couple were married at the Palais-Royal, Paris in July 1645. Their eldest son, François, had been born before the marriage but he was recognised as legitimate in 1694. The couple had six children in all, two of which would have progeny. His eldest daughter Marie Angélique married the Portuguese Duke of Cadaval and died in childbirth. His other daughter Marie Anne was the Abbess of Montmartre from 1685 till her death. He was succeeded as Count of Harcourt by his second son, Alphonse Henri.

paragraph: François Louis died in January 1694, aged 69 his wife outliving him by a year.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. François de Lorraine, "Batard d'Harcourt" (c.1645–c.1694) never married;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Marie Angélique" Henriette de Lorraine (c.1646–10 June 1674) married Nuno Álvares Pereira de Melo, 1st Duke of Cadaval and had issue; died in childbirth;

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Alphonse Henri" Charles de Lorraine, Count of Harcourt (14 August 1648 – 19 October 1718) married Françoise de Brancas and had issue;

paragraph: BULLET::::4. César de Lorraine, Prince "then" Count of Montlaur (c1650–31 July 1675) never married;

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Marie Anne de Lorraine, Abbess in Montmartre (1657–2 October 1699) became abbess of Montmartre on 17 August 1685, never married;

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Charles de Lorraine, "Abbe d'Harcourt" (1661–23 March 1683) never married.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georges Poull, "La maison ducale de Lorraine", 1991

description: French count

wikidata_label: François Louis of Lorraine, Count of Harcourt

wikipedia_title: François Louis, Count of Harcourt


text:
Hanging Rock, Ohio
South Carolina
Ashland, Kentucky
Ashland Mayor
John Means
American Revolution
Isaac Newton
Spartanburg, South Carolina
David Sinton
the Poage family
Levi Hampton
hot blast
Ashland, Kentucky
Roswell G. Horr

categories: People from Lawrence County, Ohio,Businesspeople from South Carolina,American investors,Businesspeople from Ohio,19th-century American businesspeople,Ironmasters,American bank presidents,Businesspeople from Kentucky,1890 deaths,People from Ashland, Kentucky,1803 births

paragraph: Thomas Means

paragraph: Thomas Williamson Means (November 3, 1803 – June 8, 1890) was a settler of Hanging Rock, Ohio, and a native of South Carolina. Together with his brother Hugh he became notable in Ashland, Kentucky, after he built the Buena Vista Furnace and became a director of the Kentucky Coal, Iron & Manufacturing Company. He was also the father of Ashland Mayor John Means. Means owned furnaces in Alabama, Kentucky, Ohio, and Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family background.

paragraph: Thomas' grandfather, William Means, settled in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, and later moved to South Carolina. Several of his sons participated in the American Revolution. His youngest son, Colonel John Means, a native of Union District, South Carolina, became an influential and prominent man in that State. Thinking it better to rear his sons in the free States, he moved to Ohio in 1819, gave his slaves their freedom, and settled in Adams County. Ann Williamson, his wife, was a Carolinian by birth, whose mother, Ann Newton, was a relative of Sir Isaac Newton.

paragraph: Thomas Means was born on November 3, 1803, in Spartanburg, South Carolina, the son of John and Ann (Williamson) Means. Means started his business career at the Union Furnace, then building, and he had the honor of "firing" it.

paragraph: Section::::Business career.

paragraph: In 1837, Means and David Sinton became the owners of the Union Furnace, and rebuilt it in 1844. The following year they built the Ohio Furnace, in Scioto County, adjoining. In 1847 he built Buena Vista Furnace, in Kentucky. The Ohio was the first charcoal furnace in the country, which produced as high as ten tons a day, and was the first that averaged over fifteen tons.

paragraph: In 1852 Means purchased the Bellefontaine Furnace, Kentucky; in 1854 was one of the owners and builders of Vinton Furnace, Ohio; in 1863, in connection with others, bought the Pine Grove Furnace and Hanging Rock Coal Works, and in the following year, with his associates, the Amanda Furnace, Kentucky.

paragraph: In 1853, next to such notable individuals as the Poage family and Levi Hampton, he was part of a hastily organized company that met with iron manufacturers at Bethseda Church in Ashland, helping to buy fifteen-hundred acres of land for the newly formed Kentucky Coal, Iron & Manufacturing Company.

paragraph: Under the supervision of Mr. Means and Mr. Sinton experiments for introducing the hot blast were first made, and at their Union Furnace they put up the second hot blast used in the United States. Again in 1860 Means introduced at the Ohio Furnace the Davis hot blast, which greatly improved the charcoal furnace business of the country. He was the originator and first president of the Cincinnati and Big Sandy Packet Company. He established the old Bank of Ashland, and originated the Second National Bank of Ironton, of which he was president after its organization in 1864. Means was one of the incorporators and principal stockholders in the Norton Iron Works, and was one of the largest owners of the stock of the Ironton Iron Railroad.

paragraph: By the late 1860s, with his son John, Thomas was a member of the Cincinnati, Portsmouth, Big Sandy & Pomeroy Packet Company, which owned and operated a fleet of giant packets and towboats, one of which was named the "Thomas W. Means" in Thomas' honor.

paragraph: In 1876-77, Means built the Princess Furnace in Boyd county, Kentucky, an iron-jacketed design that burned stone coal because his nearby Buena Vista Furnace had burned all the charcoal-producing timber in 6000 acres.

paragraph: Section::::Personal and death.

paragraph: Mr. Means was married on December 4, 1828, to Sarah Ellison, a native of Buckeye Station, Adams County, Ohio, daughter of John Ellison, an early settler in that county. She died in 1881, at the age of sixty-one, in their home at Hanging Rock.

paragraph: In 1882 he moved from Hanging Rock to Ashland, Kentucky, where he resided. Possessing a high sense of social and business integrity, his great fortune was the legitimate result of uncommon business ability and judgment. He was considered a man of fine bearing, about six feet in height, and agreeable in manners.

paragraph: Means died on June 8, 1890. Two years later, Roswell G. Horr listed the Estate of Thomas Means, made in "iron smelting and manufacturing", as one of only 22 "American Millionaires" in Kentucky.

description: American businessman

wikidata_label: Thomas Williamson Means

wikipedia_title: Thomas Means


text: Bohemian

text: Catholic

text: officer

text: Prague Castle

text: Second Defenestration of Prague

text: Jaroslav Bořita of Martinice

text: Vilém Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk

text: Mikulov

text: Moravia

text: Zikmund Winter

text: Mohelnice

text: Georg Fabricius

text: humanist

text: rhetoric

text: Old Town

text: Adam of Šternberk

text: Bohemian Court Chancery

text: Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Prague Castle

text: Děpolt of Lobkowicz

text: Vienna

text: battle of White Mountain

text: Mladá Boleslav

text: Mělník

categories: 1570s births,Czech Roman Catholics,1632 deaths

paragraph: Filip Fabricius

paragraph: Filip Fabricius, later of Rosenfeld and Hohenfall (ca 1570 – 1632) was a Bohemian Catholic officer best known for being thrown out of the Prague Castle window during the Second Defenestration of Prague with two Catholic noblemen, Count Jaroslav Bořita of Martinice and Count Vilém Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Filip Fabricius was born in Mikulov, Moravia (Zikmund Winter incorrectly suggested Mohelnice). In later records Georg Fabricius, a German poet and humanist, was considered his grandfather. He studied at Prague Jesuit Academy (first mentioned there in 1586 as a rhetoric student) and became a Bachelor in 1588 and Master a year later. He wrote ceremonial speeches and interpreted. In 1598 he got profitably married to Judita Podmanická, the only living descendant to a rich Prague trader. He became a citizen of the Old Town and there is a later record that he might have been a secretary to Adam of Šternberk. Supported by Zdeněk Vojtěch Popel, Prince of Lobkowicz he became the second (1605) and then the first (1611) secretary of the German expedition (office) of the Bohemian Court Chancery, the highest office in Bohemia. In 1608 he got the predicate "of Rosenfeld" from Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Defenestration.

paragraph: On 23 May 1618 Filip Fabricius was present in the offices of the Bohemian Court Chancery on Prague Castle together with Catholic Lords Regent Jaroslav Bořita of Martinice, Vilém Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk, Adam of Šternberk and Děpolt of Lobkowicz when armed Protestant Lords arrived and required confessions of guilt for the anti-Protestant policies of the king. Slavata and Martinice were found guilty and thrown out of the windows. Since the hated royal secretary Pavel Michna was not present the Protestant Lords decided to punish the other secretary – Filip Fabricius. Only Slavata was seriously wounded by the 70-foot fall, Martinice and Fabricius escaped with light injuries. Fabricius left Prague immediately and went to Vienna.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Fabricius was one of the first people who informed the Vienna royal court of the Protestant rebellion in Prague. He stayed in Vienna and supported the Catholic side as an officer. After the battle of White Mountain he was appointed a chamber councillor, vice-chamberlain of the dowry cities, sheriff of Mladá Boleslav region, and a member of some other important councils. He was also given several new estates in Prague and Mělník region. His noble epithet was extended with "of Hohenfall" (literally of high fall). He died in 1632 and is buried in St James Church in the Old Town of Prague.

alias: Filip Fabricius z Rosenfeldu a Hohenfallu

wikidata_label: Filip Fabricius

wikipedia_title: Filip Fabricius


text: Nicanor

text: Alexander the Great

text: Somatophylakes

text: satrap

text: Cilicia

text: Battle of Issus

text: Arsames

text: Asia Minor

text: Calas

text: Hellespontine Phrygia

text: Antigonus

text: Phrygia

text: Phila

text: Antipater

text: Craterus

text: Menes

text: Babylon

text: Pisidians

text: Baal

text: Menes

text: Smith, William

text: "Balacrus (1)"

text: Boston

categories: Ancient Macedonian generals,Alexander the Great,4th-century BC deaths,4th-century BC Macedonians,Year of birth unknown,Ancient Greek generals,Somatophylakes,4th-century BC Greek people

paragraph: Balakros

paragraph: Balakros (), also Balacrus, the son of Nicanor, one of Alexander the Great's "Somatophylakes" (bodyguards), was appointed satrap of Cilicia after the Battle of Issus, 333 BC. He succeeded to the last Achaemenid satrap of Cilicia, Arsames.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Balakros completed the conquest of Asia Minor together with Calas, satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, and Antigonus, satrap of Phrygia.

paragraph: It was probably this Balacrus who married Phila, the daughter of Antipater, and subsequently the wife of Craterus.

paragraph: He was probably supervised by Menes from 331 BC, who held the position of "Hyparch" or "Strategoi" for the area from Babylon to the satrapies of Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia.

paragraph: He fell in battle against the Pisidians in the lifetime of Alexander. His death is variously placed circa 328 BC or 323 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: Balacrus is among several Hellenistic satraps who continued to use an Achaemenid type for their coinage, complete with the local deity of Tarsus, Baal. His coinage bore his name, and later only his initial "B". This coinage is said to have influenced Alexander's imperial coinage, which was initially minted in the same mints. The Imperial coinage of Alexander is often said to have been started in Tarsos circa 333-327, under the rule of either Balacrus or Menes.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, William; "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology", "Balacrus (1)", Boston, (1867)

description: Satrap of Cilicia

wikidata_label: Balacrus

wikipedia_title: Balakros


text: Norwegian

text: sculptor

text: Haakon VII

text: June Seventh Square

text: Oslo

text: krone

text: Inderøy

text: Nord-Trøndelag

text: Straumen

text: Sunday School

text: Telemark

text: Arne Fjellbu

text: Nils Flakstad

text: Per Palle Storm

text: Steinkjer

text: Arnold Haukeland

text: Bærum

text: Autumn Exhibition

text: King Haakon VII

text: June 7 Plaza

text: Henrik Ibsen

text: Bergen

text: Council of Europe

text: Council of Ministers

text: Strasbourg

text: Marcus Aurelius

text: Charlie Chaplin

text: Grete Waitz

text: Henrik Ibsen

text: Einar Gerhardsen

text: Johan Borgen

text: Arthur Rubinstein

text: Håkon Bleken

text: Harald Sæverud

text: Jakob Weidemann

text: Rolf Jacobsen

text: krone

text: Haakon VII

text: 7. juni-plassen

text: Hjalmar Andersen

text: Henrik Ibsen

text: Charlie Chaplin

text: Anne Stine

text: Helge Ingstad

text: Marilyn Monroe

text: Haugesund

text: P.C. Reinsnes

text: Sortland

text: Anders Jahre cultural prize

text: Asbjørn Aarnes

text: Order of St. Olav

text: Tonje Strøm

text: Camilla Stoltenberg

text: Mint of Norway

text: Nils Aas Kunstverksted website

text: NRK.no: Nils Aas

categories: 2004 deaths,People from Inderøy,20th-century Norwegian sculptors,1933 births

paragraph: Nils Aas

paragraph: Nils Sigurd Aas (21 April 1933 – 10 February 2004) was a Norwegian sculptor. He was one of the most prominent artists in modern Norwegian sculpture and is particularly well known for his statue of Haakon VII, located in the June Seventh Square in Oslo, and for designing coins for Norwegian currency, including 10-krone and 20-krone coins.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nils Sigurd Aas was born in Inderøy, in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. He grew up in a family of prominent carpenters and furniture makers. His grandfather (also named Nils Aas) had established a carpentry workshop and water-driven sawmill in Straumen. His father, Ivar Aas, took over the carpentry workshop at the death of the elder Nils Aas in 1927, and eventually won awards for his furniture work. The family also operated a Sunday School out of the same building as the workshop, from 1933-73. Aas' mother Inga Lie was from Telemark and had come to the village in 1928, working for the local parish priest. Ivar and Inga met and married the same year, and the couple had five children: Marit (1929), Signe (1930), Nils (1933), Aslaug (1935) and Arne (1941). In his youth, Nils was an active as ski jumper and athlete.

paragraph: Nils was educated in the family trade of woodworking from an early age, and his earliest preserved work is a wooden sculpture of Bishop Arne Fjellbu, made when Aas was 16 years old. After graduating from secondary school and after a short stint in military service, Aas applied to the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry in 1954 at the age of 21; his older sister, Marit, had started at the school two years earlier. His father marked the occasion by making a suitcase of wood as a farewell gift to the son. Aas studied at the school from 1954–58, notably under Arne Bruland and Ivar Bell. Bell taught Aas calligraphy but ultimately pushed his pupil towards his eventual career as another type of artist, commenting "I think you are three-dimensional"; Aas took the advice and enrolled in sculpture classes the next term. Upon leaving the institute, Nils went on to study under sculptor Nils Flakstad from 1958-1959. At the end of 1959, he accepted work with Per Palle Storm.

paragraph: As a student, Aas had various commercial and industry jobs, particularly over his summers, including a stint at an advertising agency, and another as an assistant at the architectural and planning offices in Steinkjer. Advertising did not appeal to him, but the experience in architecture further influenced his concepts for sculpture, particularly those designed for public spaces. In his last term at the National Academy, and for several years following, Aas began to work as an assistant to the abstract sculptor Arnold Haukeland, who would have a substantial impact upon Aas's own style. Aas worked for Haukeland in varying capacities through 1966, at which point Haukeland took on a new assistant and encouraged Aas to develop his own reputation. Through Haukeland, Aas was introduced to the aesthetics of abstract form. He participated in the creation of two of Haukeland's most famous sculptures: "Elements Fountain" at Bærum Town Hall and "Dynamics", a sculpture on the promenade at Sjølyst in Oslo. It was in Haukeland's studio that Aas created his own debut work (titled "Torso") for the Autumn Exhibition in Oslo.

paragraph: Section::::Art works.

paragraph: Aas's art is featured in numerous public spaces in Norway, and he is represented by important works in the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design and the Trondheim Kunstmuseum.

paragraph: Aas' work in sculpture spanned several different styles and material bases. His most famous work, a statue of King Haakon VII, located in the June 7 Plaza, is made of clay and plaster and cast in bronze. A statue of Henrik Ibsen in Bergen is made of granite, while several other public decorative works are made in wood. His 10-ton heavy wall decoration "Nordisk Lys" in the Council of Europe's Council of Ministers building in Strasbourg is made of laminated spruce. It is 16 meters wide and 6 meters high.

paragraph: Several other Aas works were rendered in steel wire and/or paper. Among these are a miniature statue of a horseback rider in steel wire and figures representing Marcus Aurelius, Rallar, and Charlie Chaplin composed of steel wire and copper plate. He is also known for a large number of small sculptures made entirely from paper. A number of other sculptures, often formed to serve as facades to walls, were made entirely from wood.

paragraph: Other statues by Nils Aas include works based on Grete Waitz and Henrik Ibsen. He also created a large number of portrait busts, including works modeled on Einar Gerhardsen, Johan Borgen, Arthur Rubinstein, Håkon Bleken, Harald Sæverud, Jakob Weidemann and Rolf Jacobsen. Aas is also well known as the designer of a number of medals and coins for official treasury or governmental purposes in Norway, most notably the current 10-krone and 20-krone coins.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haakon VII - 7. juni-plassen, Oslo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hjalmar Andersen - Bislett Stadium, Oslo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henrik Ibsen - Den Nationale Scene, Bergen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlie Chaplin - Colosseum Cinema, Oslo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Stine and Helge Ingstad - Vikingskipshuset, Oslo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marilyn Monroe - Haugesund

paragraph: BULLET::::- P.C. Reinsnes - Sortland

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 - Oslo City Culture Prize

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 - Statens æreslønn

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 - Anders Jahre cultural prize ("Anders Jahres kulturpris") (jointly with Asbjørn Aarnes)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 - Knight of the Order of St. Olav

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 - Inderøy Municipality Culture Prize

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - Ingeborg og Per Palle Storms ærespris

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1959, Aas married painter and illustrator Tonje Strøm, whom he had met at the National Academy. The marriage lasted until 1978 and the couple had two sons. One of their sons, Atle Aas, is an architect and is married to professor Camilla Stoltenberg.

paragraph: In 1996, Aas married for a second time, this time to fellow craftsworker Christine Reintz. Aas died in 2004 at the age of 70.

paragraph: Section::::Nils Aas Kunstverksted.

paragraph: The Nils Aas Kunstverksted (Art Workshop), located in Inderøy, now serves partly as a museum and retains a permanent collection of Aas' work. The building is designed by Aas himself. The most notable piece is a huge circular monument made in birch wood, situated in the centre of the museum. Many of the sculptor’s busts of famous Norwegians are also on permanent display. In addition, the museum still features a workshop for art lessons. The facility opened in 1996 and is operated in association with the Stiklestad National Culture Centre.

paragraph: Nearby is a sculpture park, Muustrøparken. Nils Aas had donated eight sculptures to the park, including 6 small and 2 large sculptures.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mint of Norway present coins

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nils Aas Kunstverksted website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Den Gyldne Omvei: Nils Aas Kunstverksted

paragraph: BULLET::::- NRK.no: Nils Aas

description: Norwegian sculptor

wikidata_label: Nils Aas

wikipedia_title: Nils Aas


text:
Digambara Acharya
"Adipurana"
Mahapurana
Acharya Virasena
Dhavala
Ṣaṭkhaṅḍāgama
Harivamsa Purana
Rastrakuta king
Amoghavarsha
Adipurana
Ādi purāṇa
Carl Sagan
Harivamsa Purana

categories: 8th-century Jain monks,9th-century Indian Jains,8th-century Indian monks,8th-century Indian Jains,Digambara Acharyas,783 births,Indian Jain monks,9th-century Indian monks,Indian religious leaders,9th-century Jain monks

paragraph: Jinasena

paragraph: Jinasena (8th century CE) was one of the several famous "Digambara Acharya" (head of a monastic order). He was the author of famous "Adipurana" and "Mahapurana". He was the disciple of "Acharya Virasena" and he completed his teacher's famous commentary "Dhavala" on "Ṣaṭkhaṅḍāgama" (Vikram 894, 837 CE), the most revered text in the Digambara tradition. The name is shared by an earlier Acharya Jinasena who was the author of "Harivamsa Purana" in Saka 705 (Vikram 840, 783 AD)

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Acharya Jinasena belonged to the Panchastupanvaya and was a disciple of Virasena.

paragraph: Rastrakuta king Amoghavarsha was his disciple.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He wrote the encyclopedic "Adipurana". "Mahapurana" includes Ādi purāṇa and Uttarapurana, the project was completed by his pupil "Gunabhadra".

paragraph: Mahapurana is the source of the famous quote, used by Carl Sagan and many others:

paragraph: Some foolish men declare that Creator made the world. The doctrine that the world was created is ill-advised, and should be rejected. If god created the world, where was he before creation? If you say he was transcendent then, and needed no support, where is he now?

paragraph: No single being had the skill to make the world - for how can an immaterial god create that which is material? How could god have made the world without any raw material? If you say he made this first, and then the world, you are face with an endless regression. If you declare that the raw material arose naturally you fall into another fallacy, for the whole universe might thus have been its own creator, and have risen equally naturally. If god created the world by an act of will, without any raw material, then it is just his will made nothing else and who will believe this silly stuff?

paragraph: If he is ever perfect, and complete, how could the will to create have arisen in him? If, on the other hand, he is not perfect, he could no more create the universe than a potter could. If he is formless, actionless, and all-embracing, how could he have created the world? Such a soul, devoid of all modality, would have no desire to create anything. If you say that he created to no purpose, because it was his nature to do so then god is pointless.

paragraph: If he created in some kind of sport, it was the sport of a foolish child, leading to trouble. If he created out of love for living things and need of them he made the world; why did he not make creation wholly blissful, free from misfortune? Thus the doctrine that the world was created by god makes no sense at all.

paragraph: [from Barbara Sproul, "Primal Myths" (San Francisco; Harper Row, 1979].

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harivamsa Purana

description: Indian Jain monk

wikidata_label: Jinasena

wikipedia_title: Jinasena


text:
Egyptologist
Orange Free State
Prynnsberg Estate
Moshoeshoe I
Berea
Egypt
pharaoh
Guy Brunton
Flinders Petrie
UCL Art Collection
Margaret Murray
Lahun
Flinders Petrie
Clocolan
Free State
South Africa
Egypt: The Artwork of Winifred Brunton

categories: 19th-century British women artists,English women artists,1959 deaths,19th-century English painters,English archaeologists,Women archaeologists,20th-century English painters,20th-century British women artists,British expatriates in South Africa,1880 births,Alumni of University College London,English Egyptologists

paragraph: Winifred Brunton

paragraph: Winifred Mabel Brunton "née Newberry" (6 May 1880 – 29 January 1959) was a South African painter, illustrator and Egyptologist.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Brunton was born in 1880 in the Orange Free State South Africa. Her father, Charles Newberry, a millionaire who made his money in Kimberly, was the builder of Prynnsberg Estate. Her mother Elizabeth was the daughter of a missionary to Moshoeshoe I and was herself intensely artistic. Winifred was presented at court in 1898 in London when she presumably met Guy Brunton, an Egyptologist who later became her husband.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: They built the house in Berea, Johannesburg, in 1906, the same year they were married. She became best known for her portraits of Egyptian pharaohs, published as "Kings and Queens of Ancient Egypt" (1926) and "Great Ones of Ancient Egypt" (1929). She married Egyptologist Guy Brunton on 28 April 1906 and together they studied at University College London, during which time she painted a portrait of Flinders Petrie in 1912, which is now in the collection of UCL Art Collection. At UCL they trained with Margaret Murray, before travelling to Lahun in Egypt to join Flinders Petrie for fieldwork in 1912-14. Working with her husband on the archaeological digs, she studied the evidence of the various painting, sculptures and even the mummies to develop her final portraits. Guy and Winifred both continued to contribute to excavations organised by Flinders Petrie's British School of Archaeology in Egypt in the 1920s at sites like Badari, with Winifred drawing many of the objects discovered. Brunton died, aged 78, in Clocolan, Free State, South Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: Her portraits have been hugely influential and defined the faces of the Pharaohs and the Queens in Popular culture and have been adopted in many films and documentaries.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: 1926. "Kings and Queens of Ancient Egypt. Portraits by Winifred Brunton. History by Eminent Egyptologists". London.

paragraph: 1929. "Great Ones of Ancient Egypt. Portraits by Winifred Brunton. Historical Studies by various Egyptologists"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egypt: The Artwork of Winifred Brunton

description: British and South African artist and egyptologist

wikidata_label: Winifred Brunton

wikipedia_title: Winifred Brunton


text:
Sparta
Argives
Battle of the 300 Champions
Thyrea
Johan Tobias Sergel
Louvre
David d'Angers
Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Angers
Ovid
Fasti

categories: Ancient Spartan soldiers,Male suicides,Ancient Greeks who committed suicide,Year of birth unknown,Sole survivors,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Othryades

paragraph: Othryades was the last surviving Spartan of the 300 Spartans selected to fight against 300 Argives in the Battle of the 300 Champions. Ashamed by surviving his comrades, he committed suicide on the field following the battle.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The Spartans and Argives were fighting for possession of Thyrea. Rather than commit their entire armies to the field, the Spartans and Argives agreed that the battle would be fought by 300 soldiers from each side, and whichever side won would possess the land. Othryades was one of 300 Spartan soldiers selected to fight the 300 Argive soldiers. The two main armies withdrew to their own territories before the battle commenced, because if the armies remained their soldiers might lend aid to their comrades if they saw them losing.

paragraph: Neither side could gain an advantage in the battle and, in the end, only three soldiers of the 600 survived the battle: Orthyades, for the Spartans, and Alcenor and Chromius, for the Argives. After the battle, the two surviving Argives left the field to report their victory. Orthyades, on the other hand, remained and looted the bodies of the fallen Argives (as was customary).

paragraph: The following day, the Spartan and Argive army returned to see who had been victorious, but each side claimed victory: the Argives because more Argives had survived and the Spartans because the Argives had retreated. The disagreement resulted in general fighting between the armies and in which the Spartans were the victors. Othryades, ashamed to return to Sparta as the sole survivor of the 300, committed suicide on the battlefield.

paragraph: Section::::In art.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Othryades the Spartan, Dying, is a sculpture by Johan Tobias Sergel in the Louvre's Northern European Sculpture Collection.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dying Othryades is a sculpture by David d'Angers at the Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Angers.

paragraph: Section::::In literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ovid mentions Othryades in "Fasti" II.663.

wikidata_label: Othryades

wikipedia_title: Othryades


text: Bishop of Waterford and Lismore

text: Lahinch

text: County Clare

text: Crescent College

text: Mary Immaculate College

text: St. Patrick's College, Maynooth

text: Diocese of Limerick

text: Pontifical Lateran University

text: William Lee

categories: People from County Clare,1959 births,Alumni of Mary Immaculate College, Limerick,Roman Catholic bishops of Waterford and Lismore,People educated at Crescent College,Alumni of St Patrick's College, Maynooth,Living people,Irish schoolteachers

paragraph: Alphonsus Cullinan

paragraph: Alphonsus Cullinan (born 1959) is the Roman Catholic Bishop of Waterford and Lismore.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Born in Lahinch, County Clare in 1959, he was educated at Crescent College and trained as a school teacher in Mary Immaculate College, Limerick (B.Ed., 1981), teaching for six years in Castleconnell, Co Limerick, and for two years in Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1989 he commenced his studies for the priesthood in St. Patrick's College, Maynooth where he occasionally visited, along with other students, events in Dublin organised by Opus Dei and the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross. He was ordained into the priesthood in 1994 (S.T.L., 1995). He served in the Diocese of Limerick, and as chaplain in Limerick Regional Hospital.

paragraph: In 2001, Fr. Cullinan went to Rome's Pontifical Lateran University to study for a doctorate in moral theology (S.T.D.) returning to Ireland in 2004 when he became chaplain in Limerick Institute of Technology.

paragraph: In 2011, he was appointed Parish Priest in Rathkeale, Limerick.

paragraph: Fr. Cullinan was appointed Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Waterford and Lismore in February 2015 succeeding Bishop William Lee, and was consecrated in Waterford on 12 April 2015. In November 2015, he spoke in a seminar at Lismullin, the Opus Dei house in Co. Meath on the Year of Mercy.

paragraph: Section::::Controversies.

paragraph: In September 2017 he made comments on the HPV vaccination programme in Irish schools. This led to criticism from a number of sources including the Minister for health. He subsequently apologised if his remarks were picked up outside of its respective context and if they were picked up wrong.

description: Irish Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Alphonsus Cullinan

wikipedia_title: Alphonsus Cullinan


text:
Trade union secretary
Queensland Legislative Council
Swansea
Broken Hill
Rockhampton
Waterside Workers' Federation
referendum
Ryan
Sir Hamilton John Goold-Adams
Ancient Order of Druids
cremated

categories: Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland,1954 deaths,Members of the Queensland Legislative Council,1866 births

paragraph: Ernest Purnell

paragraph: Ernest Bracher Purnell (27 September 1866 – 25 July 1954) was a Trade union secretary and member of the Queensland Legislative Council.

paragraph: Purnell was born at Swansea, Wales to Thomas Purnell and his wife Caroline (née Bracher). He worked in Broken Hill as a miner before moving to Rockhampton where he began a long association with the Waterside Workers' Federation including the role of secretary for 37 years until 1938.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: When the Labour Party starting forming governments in Queensland, it found much of its legislation being blocked by a hostile Council, where members had been appointed for life by successive conservative governments. After a failed referendum in May 1917, Premier Ryan tried a new tactic, and later that year advised the Governor, Sir Hamilton John Goold-Adams, to appoint thirteen new members whose allegiance lay with Labour to the Council.

paragraph: Purnell was one of the 13 new members, and went on to serve for four and a half years until the Council was abolished in March, 1922.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: On 16 February 1894, Purnell married Annie Kelly in Rockhampton and together had seven children. A member of the Ancient Order of Druids, Purnell died in Rockhampton in July 1954 and was cremated.

wikidata_label: Ernest Purnell

wikipedia_title: Ernest Purnell


text: Count of Namur

text: Albert II

text: Robert the Frisian

text: Matilda of Tuscany

text: Duchy of Bouillon

text: Godfrey of Bouillon

text: Dalhem

text: Bishop of Liège

text: Otbert, Bishop of Liege

text: Brunengeruz

text: Bernard II, Duke of Saxony

text: Godfrey I, Count of Namur

text: Frederick, Bishop of Liège

text: Albert, Count of Jaffa

text: Otto II

text: Count of Chiny

categories: 11th-century births,Counts of Namur,1102 deaths,House of Namur,11th-century people of the Holy Roman Empire,1027 births

paragraph: Albert III, Count of Namur

paragraph: Albert III (born 1027; died 29 July 1102) was the Count of Namur from 1063 until his death. He was the son of Count Albert II and Regelinde of Verdun.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: From 1071 to 1072, he helped Richilde, Countess of Hainaut and Flanders fight against Robert the Frisian, but the Countess was beaten and lost Flanders.

paragraph: In 1076, supported by Matilda of Tuscany, he claimed the Duchy of Bouillon, claiming to have rights by his mother, and fought against Godfrey of Bouillon to assert his claims. During a battle near Dalhem, he killed Hermann II, Count Palatine of Lotharingia (20 September 1085), making him fall out of favor with the German emperor. Finally, with the Truce of God in 1086, the Bishop of Liège succeeded in making peace between the warring parties in favor of Godfrey.

paragraph: In 1099, Otbert, Bishop of Liege gave him the county of Brunengeruz.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: In 1065 he married Ida (d. 1102), widow of Frederick of Luxembourg, Duke of Lower Lorraine, and daughter of Bernard II, Duke of Saxony. They had 5 children

paragraph: BULLET::::- Godfrey I, Count of Namur (1068-1139)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry, Count of La Roche (1070-1138)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick, Bishop of Liège (d.1121)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert, Count of Jaffa (d.1122)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelaide (1068-1124), married Otto II, Count of Chiny

wikidata_label: Albert III of Namur

wikipedia_title: Albert III, Count of Namur


text:
Kushite King
Meroë
Egyptian
Horwennefer
Ptolemy IV Philopator
Kalabsha
Philae
temple of Dakka
pyramid in Meroë
ancient Egyptian royal titulary
Lower Nubia
Isis
Meroitic script
Ergamenes
Diodorus Siculus
Arakamani

paragraph: Arqamani

paragraph: Arqamani (also Arkamani or Ergamenes II) was a Kushite King of Meroë dating from the late 3rd to early 2nd century BCE.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: It is believed that Arqamani ruled in Meroë at the time of the Egyptian revolt of Horwennefer against Ptolemy IV Philopator (reign 221–204 BC). He is attested by a number of inscriptions and reliefs from Kalabsha, Philae and the temple of Dakka. In the latter locality, he usurped some donation inscriptions originally inscribed for Ptolemy IV. He was buried in a pyramid in Meroë now known as Beg. N 7.

paragraph: Arqamani took an elaborate ancient Egyptian royal titulary (see infobox) which likely reflects his control above the reconquered Lower Nubia and its inhabitants. He also took mortuary names: the mortuary Horus name is "Kashy-netjery-kheper", meaning "The Kushite whose coming into being is divine", while his nomen is accompanied by the epithet "Ankhdjet-meriaset", meaning "Given life, beloved of Isis", as well as "Mkltk Istrk" which is written in Meroitic script and whose meaning is not known.br

paragraph: He was sometimes tentatively identified with the king Ergamenes mentioned by Diodorus Siculus but modern scholars now believe that an earlier king with a similar name, Arakamani, is a better candidate for this identification. Nevertheless, Arqamani is often called Ergamenes II.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading and Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , pp. 660-662

description: Kushite King

wikidata_label: Arqamani

wikipedia_title: Arqamani


text: Arabist

text: Islam

text: history of religions

text: Hajj

text: Ibn Jubair

text: Mamluk

text: Guimet Museum

text: Régis Blachère

text: George Cœdès

text: Read online

categories: French Arabists,People from Amiens,French Islamologists,1862 births,Arabic–French translators

paragraph: Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes

paragraph: Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes (15 December 1862 – 12 August 1957) was a French Arabist, a specialist in Islam and the history of religions.

paragraph: His best known works are his historical and religious studies on Hajj and Muslim institutions. He also translated into French in an annotated edition the story of Arab travel writer and explorer Ibn Jubair (1145–1217). His book written after Arab authors on Syria at the time of the Mamluk is also a seminal work.

paragraph: Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes was a professor at the École nationale des langues orientales vivantes (today INALCO).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1898: Ibn Khaldoun : "Les Rois de Grenade" (translation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900: "Les Cérémonies du mariage en Algérie"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923: "Le Pèlerinage à la Mekke. Étude d'histoire religieuse". (Annales of the Guimet Museum: Bibliothèque d'études ; 33)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1921: "Les Institutions musulmanes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957: "Mahomet. L'Homme et son message"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931: (in collaboration with S.F. Platonov) "Le Monde musulman et byzantin jusqu'aux croisades". Paris, E. de Boccard, (Histoire du Monde 7,1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925: (in collaboration with Louis Mercier) "Manuel d'arabe marocain. Grammaire et dialogues". New edition revised and enlarged by Louis Mercier. Société d'éditions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923: "La Syrie à l'époque des Mamelouks d'après les auteurs arabes: description géographique, économique et administrative précédée d'une introduction sur l'organisation gouvernementale" / Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes. Paris, Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner, (Haut-Commissariat de la République Française en Syrie et au Liban : Bibliothèque archéologique et historique, Vol III.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927: Masālik el abṣār fi ... / 1 / L'Afrique, moins l'Égypte / Abu-'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Ibn-Yaḥyā Šihāb-ad-Dīn Ibn-Faḍlallāh al-ʿUmarī. Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927: Masālik el abṣār fi mamālik el amṣār / Abu-'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Ibn-Yaḥyā Šihāb-ad-Dīn Ibn-Faḍlallāh al-ʿUmarī. Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949: "Voyages". First edition, four volumes, Librairie orientaliste Geuthner, 1949, 1951, 1953–1956 and 1965 (Documents related to the history of the Crusades published by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Vol I–III, plus Atlas).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965: "Voyages" / P. 4 / Tables / Muḥammad Ibn-Aḥmad Ibn-Ǧubair.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1953–1956: "Voyages" ; P. 3 / Muḥammad Ibn-Aḥmad Ibn-Ǧubair.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1951: "Voyages" ; P. 2 / Muḥammad Ibn-Aḥmad Ibn-Ǧubair.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949: "Voyages" ; P. 1 / Muḥammad Ibn-Aḥmad Ibn-Ǧubair.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952: "Grammaire de l'arabe classique: (morphologie et syntaxe)" / Régis Blachère. - 3e éd., reworked (reprint):

paragraph: BULLET::::- undated: "Les cent et une nuits". Translated from Arbic. Librairie orientale et américaine E. Guilmoto, Translated with extensive notes from a modern North African manuscript with variants from three others.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927: Masālik El Abṣār fi ... / 1 / "L'Afrique, moins l'Égypte" / Abu-'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Ibn-Yaḥyā Šihāb-ad-Dīn Ibn-Faḍlallāh al-ʿUmarī.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1907: "Documents sur les langues de l'Oubangui-Chari". Includes (p. 107–122) a comparative list of 200 words from Bua, Niellim, Fanian and Tunia languages, with a short grammar and a few sentences collected by Decorse.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Cœdès, "Notice sur la vie et les travaux de M. Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes, membre de l’Académie." In: "Comptes-rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres." Jg. 103 (1959), n°1, (p. 46–60) (Read online).

description: French historian of religion

wikidata_label: Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes

wikipedia_title: Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes


categories: 20th-century women politicians,Female members of the House of Representatives (Japan),Members of the House of Representatives (Japan),1900 births,Female members of the House of Councillors (Japan),Japanese nurses,People from Okayama Prefecture,1983 deaths,Members of the House of Councillors (Japan)

paragraph: Michiko Fujiwara

description: Japanese politician

wikidata_label: Michiko Fujiwara

wikipedia_title: Michiko Fujiwara


text:
Fourth Dynasty
Khufu
stela
Great Pyramid of Giza
Giza West Field
Hearst Expedition

paragraph: Wepemnofret

paragraph: Wepemnofret was a Royal prince of the Fourth Dynasty.

paragraph: His father was Khufu, and mother unknown. A stela embedded in the wall of his tomb was found near the Great Pyramid of Giza, in the Giza West Field. The stele was discovered by the Hearst Expedition in 1905, and is considered to be the turning point between two artistic styles: the Archaic Style of the Fertile Period, and the Mature Style of the 4th Dynasty.

wikidata_label: Wepemnofret

wikipedia_title: Wepemnofret


text:
bishop of Nusco
Irpinia
cult
saint
Roman Catholic Church
Roman Martyrology
Montevergine
William of Vercelli
Katolsk.no: Amatus of Nusco

categories: Italian Roman Catholic saints,1003 births,1093 deaths,People from the Province of Avellino,11th-century Italian people

paragraph: Amatus of Nusco

paragraph: Amatus of Nusco, in Italian Amato di Nusco (c. 1003–1093) was the first bishop of Nusco in Irpinia, southern Italy. The most likely account of him is that he was of noble birth, a native of the South of Italy, that he distributed all his worldly goods to the poor, became a priest, and afterwards a monk in the Abbey of Monte Vergine. He died (probably) on 30 September 1093. Numerous miracles were reported at the site of his tomb and his cult developed to the point where he became recognised as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, celebrated in the Roman Martyrology on 30 September.

paragraph: The monks of Montevergine regarded him as a disciple of William of Vercelli and accordingly argued for 30 September 1193 as the date of his death.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90414

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katolsk.no: Amatus of Nusco

description: Bishop of Nusco

wikidata_label: Amatus of Nusco

wikipedia_title: Amatus of Nusco


text:
Philip the Good
Jacqueline van Steenberghe
Governess of the Children of France
Mary of Burgundy
Adriaan van Borssele
Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein

categories: 15th-century French women,1508 deaths,16th-century French people,Ladies-in-waiting,Governesses to the Children of France,1435 births,Philip the Good (Duke of Burgundy),People of the Burgundian Netherlands,15th-century French people,Illegitimate children of monarchs,House of Valois-Burgundy

paragraph: Anna van Bourgondië

paragraph: Anna van Bourgondië (1435-1508), was the illegitimate daughter of Philip the Good and Jacqueline van Steenberghe. She was a royal governess, ie. Governess of the Children of France, supervising the education of Mary of Burgundy. She married Adriaan van Borssele and Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein. She is known for her building projects on her domains.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy Dupont, 'Bourgondië, Anna van', in het Nationaal Biografisch Woordenboek, dl. 18, Brussel, 2007.

wikidata_label: Anna of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: Anna van Bourgondië


text: 1960 Summer Olympics

categories: Dutch female middle-distance runners,Sportspeople from Enschede,Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics,1931 births,2002 deaths,Olympic athletes of the Netherlands

paragraph: Ine ter Laak-Spijk

paragraph: Gesina Geertruida Hermina "Ine" ter Laak-Spijk (2 January 1931 – 29 September 2002) was a Dutch short and middle distance runner. She competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in the 800 m event, but failed to reach the final.

description: runner

wikidata_label: Ine ter Laak-Spijk

wikipedia_title: Ine ter Laak-Spijk


text:
Swedish
track and field athlete
1908 Summer Olympics
1912 Summer Olympics
Greek discus throw competition
discus throw event
two handed discus throw competition
discus throw event

wikipedia_title: Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's Greek discus throw

wikipedia_title: Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw

wikipedia_title: Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's two handed discus throw

wikipedia_title: Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 1908 Summer Olympics,Olympic athletes of Sweden,Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Swedish male discus throwers,1949 deaths,1890 births

paragraph: Folke Fleetwood

paragraph: Folke Fredrik Fleetwood (15 November 1890 – 4 February 1949) was a Swedish track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: In 1908 he participated in the Greek discus throw competition and in the discus throw event but in both competitions his final ranking is unknown.

paragraph: Four years later he finished seventh in the two handed discus throw competition and 28th in the discus throw event.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- profile

description: Swedish discus thrower

wikidata_label: Folke Fleetwood

wikipedia_title: Folke Fleetwood


text:
water polo
José Fiolo
Albany Creek, Queensland
2004
2008 Summer Olympics
FINA Water Polo World League
Pro Recco

wikipedia_title:
Water polo
José Fiolo
Albany Creek, Queensland
2004 Summer Olympics
2008 Summer Olympics
FINA Water Polo World League
Pro Recco

categories: World Aquatics Championships medalists in water polo,Brazilian male water polo players,Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Olympic water polo players of Australia,Olympic silver medalists for Italy,Water polo players at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Water polo players at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Water polo players at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro (city),Italian male water polo players,Olympic water polo players of Italy,1984 births,Water polo players at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Australian male water polo players,Olympic bronze medalists for Italy,Living people,Olympic medalists in water polo,Australian people of Italian descent,Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Pietro Figlioli

paragraph: Pietro Figlioli (born 29 May 1984) is an Italian water polo player. He competed for Australia at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics and for Italy in 2012 and 2016 and won two medals for Italy. He also won the world title in 2011. In 2012 he received the Gold Collar of Sporting Merit from the Italian Olympic Committee.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Figlioli was born in Brazil, but his family moved to Australia when he was three years old. His father José Fiolo is a former Olympic swimmer. Figlioli is married to Laura and has sons Lorenzo and Matteo.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Figlioli started competing with the North Brisbane Polo Bears at Albany Creek, Queensland in Australia. He was part of Australia's Olympic squad for the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics. He was also a member of the Australian squad that finished 10th at the 2007 FINA World Championships in Melbourne and won the bronze medal at the 2007 FINA Water Polo World League in Berlin. Figlioli is regarded as one of the world's fastest water polo swimmers and shooters.

paragraph: In May 2009, Figlioli signed a deal with Italian club Pro Recco. The deal included becoming an Italian citizen, to comply with the Italian league's rule changes to restrict extra-European players from two to one player per team. As a result of this, he was able to play for Italy at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics, winning a medal on both occasions.

description: serbian water polo player

wikidata_label: Pietro Figlioli

wikipedia_title: Pietro Figlioli


text:
Bulgarian noble
Bulgarian Emperors
Samuil
Gavril Radomir
Ivan Vladislav
Byzantine
battle of Bitola
Basil II
Bulgarian Empire
Patriarch
Byzantines
Albania
Eustathios Daphnomeles

wikipedia_title:
Bulgarians
List of Bulgarian monarchs
Samuel of Bulgaria
Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria
Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria
Byzantine Empire
Battle of Bitola (1015)
Basil II
First Bulgarian Empire
Patriarch
Byzantine Empire
Albania
Eustathios Daphnomeles

categories: Bulgarian people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars,11th-century Bulgarian people,11th-century deaths,Medieval Bulgarian military personnel,10th-century births,10th-century Bulgarian people,Medieval Bulgarian nobility,Albania under the Bulgarian Empire

paragraph: Ivats

paragraph: Ivats () was a Bulgarian noble and military commander in the late 10th and early 11th century. He served three Bulgarian Emperors - Samuil (997-1014); Gavril Radomir (1014–1015) and Ivan Vladislav (1015–1018).

paragraph: In 1015 he defeated a Byzantine army in the battle of Bitola and stopped the disastrous campaign of Basil II in the heart of the Bulgarian Empire. After the death of Ivan Vladislav and the surrender of the Empress, the Patriarch and many nobles to the Byzantines he chose to continue the struggle along the sons of the dead Emperor and several other nobles. His stronghold was the fortress "Vrohot" in Mount Tomor, modern south-eastern Albania. The fortress was soon besieged by Basil II but the 55-day siege was unsuccessful for the Byzantines. In August 1018 he was treacherously blinded by the Byzantine "strategos" Eustathios Daphnomeles.

description: Bulgarian noble

wikidata_label: Ivats

wikipedia_title: Ivats


text: Confederate States Army

text: brigadier general

text: American Civil War

text: Centerburg, Ohio

text: Iowa

text: Tennessee

text: Arkansas

text: Arkansas Senate

text: Ohio Wesleyan University

text: Delaware, Ohio

text: Otho F. Strahl

text: Somerville, Tennessee

text: Lake Village, Arkansas

text: county seat

text: Chicot County, Arkansas

text: slave-based economy

text: plantation agriculture

text: king cotton

text: Arkansas Secession Convention

text: secession

text: cavalry

text: 1st Arkansas Mounted Rifles

text: Confederate States Army

text: Battle of Wilson's Creek

text: Colonel

text: Thomas J. Churchill

text: Missouri

text: Battle of Pea Ridge

text: Major General

text: Earl Van Dorn

text: Mississippi River

text: Lieutenant General

text: E. Kirby Smith

text: General

text: Braxton Bragg

text: Tullahoma Campaign

text: Battle of Chickamauga

text: Bushrod Johnson

text: brigadier general

text: Mobile, Alabama

text: James Cantey's

text: Army of Tennessee

text: Atlanta Campaign

text: Franklin-Nashville Campaign

text: Carolinas Campaign

text: Battle of Franklin

text: Battle of Nashville

text: George D. Johnston's

text: Battle of Bentonville

text: Charlottesville, Virginia

text: prosthetic leg

text: President

text: Andrew Johnson

text: Arkansas Senate

text: Ashley County

text: Drew County

text: 16th Arkansas General Assembly

text: Radical Reconstruction

text: illegitimate child

text: Liverpool, England

text: Boatner, Mark Mayo, III

text: David J. Eicher

text: McPherson, James M.

text: Warner, Ezra J.

categories: People of Arkansas in the American Civil War,People from Knox County, Ohio,People from Lake Village, Arkansas,Arkansas state senators,Confederate States Army brigadier generals,1832 births,Northern-born Confederates,Arkansas lawyers,Ohio Wesleyan University alumni,1902 deaths,Tennessee lawyers

paragraph: Daniel H. Reynolds

paragraph: Daniel Harris Reynolds (December 14, 1832 – March 14, 1902) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War. He was born at Centerburg, Ohio but moved to Iowa, Tennessee and finally to Arkansas before the Civil War. He was a lawyer in Arkansas before the war. After the war, Reynolds resumed his practice of law and was a member of the Arkansas Senate for one term.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Daniel Harris Reynolds was born on December 14, 1832 in Centerburg, Ohio. The fourth of ten children, Reynolds' parents, Amos Reynolds and Sophia Houck, were farmers. At age 18, with both of his parents deceased, Reynolds attended Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio. Future Confederate Brigadier General Otho F. Strahl was a classmate. Reynolds studied law privately at Somerville, Tennessee. He was admitted to the bar in 1858. In that same year, he moved to Lake Village, Arkansas. Lake Village had recently become county seat of Chicot County, Arkansas, which had a strong slave-based economy of plantation agriculture and king cotton. Reynolds' law practice began to prosper, and he began purchasing real estate in Chicot County. Having become a prominent, land-owning white man, Reynolds was a candidate to become the Chicot County delegate to the Arkansas Secession Convention. Though not elected, Reynolds remained a vocal supporter of secession, though he did not own any slaves. Reynolds successfully raised a group of cavalry known as the Chicot Rangers to support the secessionist cause.

paragraph: Section::::American Civil War.

paragraph: Daniel H. Reynolds became a captain of cavalry in the Arkansas militia on May 25, 1861. This unit became Company "A" of the 1st Arkansas Mounted Rifles in the Confederate States Army and Reynolds became its captain on June 14, 1861. He served with this unit at the Battle of Wilson's Creek under then Colonel Thomas J. Churchill. After engaging in some skirmishes in Missouri and Arkansas, and the Battle of Pea Ridge the regiment transferred to service under Major General Earl Van Dorn, operating east of the Mississippi River.

paragraph: The regiment then fought, on foot, under Lieutenant General E. Kirby Smith, and later under General Braxton Bragg, in Kentucky and east Tennessee in 1862 and in the Tullahoma Campaign. Reynolds became the regiment's major on April 14, 1862, its lieutenant colonel on May 1, 1862 and its colonel on September 20, 1863, after the Battle of Chickamauga. Reynolds won many commendations for his service, including praise from Brigadier General Bushrod Johnson for his efforts at Chickamauga.

paragraph: Reynolds was appointed a brigadier general on March 5, 1864. In April and May, he held brigade commands in the Confederate Departments of the Gulf and of Alabama and East Mississippi. as part of the garrison at Mobile, Alabama. His brigade then became part of Brigadier General James Cantey's division in the Army of Tennessee in May 1864. They fought in the Atlanta Campaign, Franklin-Nashville Campaign and Carolinas Campaign.

paragraph: Reynolds was slightly wounded at the Battle of Franklin, Tennessee on November 30, 1864 where six Confederate generals were killed and six others were wounded. He did not officially report the wound. He took part in the Battle of Nashville with his brigade, which helped cover the Confederate retreat from that battle.

paragraph: He returned to command a brigade in General George D. Johnston's division in February 1865. Reynolds was struck by a cannonball and lost his left leg at the Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina on March 19, 1865.

paragraph: Section::::Reconstruction and Return to Chicot County.

paragraph: Reynolds was paroled at Charlottesville, Virginia on May 29, 1865. By June 1865, Reynolds had returned to Chicot County. With his leg amputated above the knee, he ordered a wooden prosthetic leg he would use the rest of his life. Appeals to President Andrew Johnson in August 1865 and May 1866 for amnesty benefits were not responded to. He received a full Presidential pardon on November 13, 1866.

paragraph: Seeking a seat in the Arkansas Senate, Reynolds won election to represent Ashley County, Chicot County, and Drew County. Though he was seated in the 16th Arkansas General Assembly to run from 1866–1867., Radical Reconstruction authorities disbanded the mostly former Confederate group after only a few months. Reynolds resumed practicing law and investing in real estate, at one point owning over in Chicot County.

paragraph: Reynolds married Martha "Mattie" Jean Wallace on November 24, 1868. The couple had five children. Reynolds also fathered an illegitimate child with Anne "Annie" Franklin, a neighbor and wife of one of Reynolds' business associates. Franklin left Chicot County to have the child in her childhood hometown of Liverpool, England. Franklin named the son Richard "Dickie" Williams Reynolds, and listed herself as "Mrs. Reynolds, widow" on subsequent censuses, though the two never married. Daniel Harris Reynolds died at Lake Village, Arkansas on March 14, 1902 and is buried at Lake Village Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of American Civil War Generals (Confederate)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bender, Robert Patrick (ed.). "Worthy of the Cause for Which They Fight: The Civil War Diary of Brigadier General Daniel Harris Reynolds, 1861–1865". Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2011. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. "The Civil War Dictionary". New York: McKay, 1988. . First published New York, McKay, 1959.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. "The Civil War Dictionary." New York: McKay, 1988. . First published 1959 by McKay.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, "Civil War High Commands." Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Longacre, Edward G. "Reynolds, Daniel Harris" in "Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War", edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. . p. 625.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McPherson, James M. "Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era". Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sifakis, Stewart. "Who Was Who in the Civil War." New York: Facts On File, 1988. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Warner, Ezra J. "Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders." Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .

wikidata_label: Daniel H. Reynolds

wikipedia_title: Daniel H. Reynolds


text:
Scottish
prelate
East Lothian
St Andrews University
Prior of St Andrews
Bishop of Moray
Commendator of Scone
Scottish Reformation
St Mary's College, St Andrews
parson
Whitsome
Pope Clement VII
coadjutor
John Hepburn
Prior of St Andrews
prior
commendator
James V of Scotland
Alexander Stewart
Bishop of Moray
Commendator of Scone
St Andrews Cathedral Priory
Scone Abbey
canon
privy council
James Hamilton
Earl of Arran
Duke of Châtellerault
Mary, Queen of Scots
David Beaton
Rome
Scottish Reformation
Gordon Donaldson
Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll
Lord James Stewart
Lords of the Congregation
Reformation Parliament
George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly
Mary, Queen of Scots
Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie
mistresses
illegitimate children
legitimised
Elgin Cathedral
James Hepburn
Earl of Bothwell
Spynie Castle
Dowden, John
accessed 5 May 2007
Watt, D.E.R.

categories: 1487 births,Bishops of Moray,16th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Scottish abbots,1573 deaths,Scottish priors,Members of the Privy Council of Scotland,Scottish Reformation,Alumni of the University of St Andrews

paragraph: Patrick Hepburn

paragraph: Patrick Hepburn (1487 – 20 June 1573) was a 16th-century Scottish prelate. He was born in East Lothian, went to St Andrews University, entered the church, and then exploited his family connections to become Prior of St Andrews and royal secretary. Hepburn moved on to become Bishop of Moray and Commendator of Scone and played an ambiguous role in the Scottish Reformation. During this time he held a notorious reputation for immorality. He was deprived of his ecclesiastical titles two years before his death in 1573.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Born to Patrick Hepburn of Beinstoun and Christian "née" Ogilvie in 1487, he entered the college now known as St Mary's College, St Andrews - then called simply "The Pedagogy" - in 1509. After graduating, he chose an ecclesiastical career and became parson of Whitsome from 1521. On 10 June 1524 Patrick, as a secular clerk, was appointed by Pope Clement VII as coadjutor to his uncle John Hepburn, Prior of St Andrews. This meant he would assist his aged uncle as prior and succeed him as commendator when he died. The coadjutorship gave Patrick a seat in parliament, which he took up in 1525; he became secretary of King James V of Scotland, a position he held between March 1525 and through to June 1526. Patrick succeeded his uncle when the latter died on 15 January 1526.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Moray and Commendator of Scone.

paragraph: After the death of Alexander Stewart, Bishop of Moray and Commendator of Scone, Patrick was given crown nomination to succeed to both positions on 1 March 1538. He was provided by the Papacy on 14 June, on the condition he should resign the commend of St Andrews Cathedral Priory. Hepburn's episcopate is remembered as notorious for the dilapidation with which his dominions suffered. A huge percentage of his diocese was leased out, and in 1547 Scone Abbey itself went on a 19-year lease to one John Erskine of Dun. Meanwhile, Bishop Hepburn enjoyed an extravagant lifestyle. As early as 1529, when Hepburn was Commendator-Prior of St Andrews, Alexander Alesius, a canon of this Hepburn's own priory was preaching against Hepburn's ungodly lifestyle.

paragraph: Nevertheless, Bishop Hepburn did play an important part in Scottish politics of the 1540s and 1550s. Though he was part of the privy council of the Governor of Scotland, James Hamilton, Earl of Arran (after 1548, Duke of Châtellerault), he nevertheless opposed Arran's wish to have the young Mary, Queen of Scots, put in English custody. In this he was supporting the staunchly anti-Protestant Cardinal David Beaton. The Bishop of Moray was in attendance at the provincial council of the Scottish church in 1549, an attempt to reform the church internally without abandoning links with Rome. He was present at the burnings of Protestant heretics/martyrs in 1550 and 1558.

paragraph: Section::::Hepburn and the Reformation.

paragraph: In summarising the attitudes of individual Scottish bishops at the Scottish Reformation, the historian Gordon Donaldson described him as follows:

paragraph: a voluptuary, [Hepburn] was successful in his main object of continuing to enjoy his revenues for his lifetime and there is no evidence that he took any interest in religious developments. Hepburn co-operated with the reformers in the years leading up to the Reformation of 1560. In 1559, Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll and Lord James Stewart, the senior secular figures of the Lords of the Congregation, saved Hepburn's palace-abbey from destruction by the reformers. Stewart and Argyll had only protected Hepburn's palace-abbey on the condition that the latter aided them with men and arms, and with a vote against the clergy in Parliament. Yet he did not attend the Reformation Parliament of 1560, and in 1561 he and George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, advised Mary, Queen of Scots, to land at Aberdeen rather than Leith, in an effort to improve the prospects of restoring the old catholic order.

paragraph: Section::::Hepburn the womaniser.

paragraph: In his time, Hepburn was notorious for his philandering. The contemporary chronicler Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie wrote that Hepburn "ever was a master of whores all of his days and committed whoredom and adultery both with maidens and men's wives". By at least five different mistresses he produced at least thirteen illegitimate children. He had four sons and one daughter by Isabel Liddell, namely Patrick, Adam, George, John and Jane; by another mistress, Marion Strang, he had one son, whose name was William; with Janet Urquhart, he fathered another three sons and one daughter, Patrick, David, Thomas, and Joanna; with Elizabeth Innes, he sired a son named Alexander; and by a mistress whose name has not survived he had a further two daughters. Bishop Hepburn eventually had ten of his bastards legitimised, and indeed it is largely down to his efforts to achieve legitimisation that the names of many of these children have been recorded in the "Register of the Great Seal".

paragraph: Section::::The end.

paragraph: Hepburn seems to have been uneasy with the Scottish Reformation. Although he agreed in principle to modify the structure of Elgin Cathedral to accommodate Protestant forms of worship, few powerful figures on the reformist side trusted him. During the Civil War of 1567, the bishop pledged his support to James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, and was accused of giving him shelter during his flight northwards to Scandinavia. He was finally forfeited of his bishopric by parliament in August 1571. He held out in Spynie Castle, but died on 20 June 1573.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Donaldson, Gordon, "The Scottish Episcopate at the Reformation", in "The English Historical Review", Vol. 60, No. 238. (Sep., 1945), pp. 349–364

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dowden, John, "The Bishops of Scotland", ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keith, Robert, "An Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops: Down to the Year 1688", (London, 1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kirk, James "Hepburn, Patrick (c. 1487–1573)", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 5 May 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, D.E.R., "Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638", 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, D.E.R. & Shead, N.F. (eds.), "The Heads of Religious Houses in Scotland from the 12th to the 16th Centuries", The Scottish Records Society, New Series, Volume 24, (Edinburgh, 2001)

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Patrick Hepburn

wikipedia_title: Patrick Hepburn


text:
Member of Parliament
Lincolnshire
William Dalison
Sheriff of Lincolnshire
Escheator
Gray's Inn
called to the bar
Reader
disseisin
Dyer's "Reports"
serjeant-at-law
Member of Parliament
Lincolnshire
County Palatine of Lancaster
Justice of the King's Bench
patent
Elizabeth
Lincoln Cathedral
Mary
William Benloe
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Richard Harpur

categories: Serjeants-at-law (England),English MPs 1553,Members of Gray's Inn,16th-century English lawyers,1559 deaths,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: William Dalison

paragraph: Sir William Dalison (died 1559) was an English judge who served as a Member of Parliament for Lincolnshire in 1553.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the younger son of William Dalison (d.1546) of Laughton, Lincolnshire, Sheriff of Lincolnshire in 1546 and Escheator of Lincolnshire, by his wife, a daughter of George Wastneys of Haddon, Nottinghamshire.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He entered Gray's Inn in 1534 and was called to the bar in 1537. He was elected Reader of Gray's Inn in 1548 and again in 1552, on one of which occasions he gave a lecture on the statute 32 Henry VIII, chapter 33, concerning wrongful disseisin, which is referred to in Dyer's "Reports" (219 a) as a correct statement of the law. He took the degree of serjeant-at-law in 1552, receiving from his Inn the sum of £5 and a pair of gloves. He served as a Member of Parliament for Lincolnshire in October 1553.

paragraph: In 1554 he was appointed one of the justices of the County Palatine of Lancaster. In 1556 he was appointed a Justice of the King's Bench and was knighted. His patent was renewed on the accession of Queen Elizabeth I (November 1558).

paragraph: Section::::Marriage & progeny.

paragraph: He married Elizabeth Dighton, a daughter of Robert Dighton of Sturton Parva, Lincolnshire (who survived him and re-married to Sir Francis Ayscough), by whom he had issue four sons and five daughters. His descendants eventually settled in Kent, and were represented in the female line in the 19th century by Maximilian Hammond Dalison of Hamptons, near Tunbridge.

paragraph: Section::::Death & burial.

paragraph: He died in January 1559, and was buried in Lincoln Cathedral.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Dalison compiled a collection of cases decided during the reigns of Edward VI and Philip and Mary (Harl. MS. 5141). His so-called ‘Reports’ were published in the same volume with some by Serjeant William Benloe in 1689; but the greater portion of those attributed to Dalison were decided after his death. J. H. Baker writing in the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" comments that for the period 1546 to 1558 Dalison's cases are hard to separate from those of Richard Harpur.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: judge

wikidata_label: William Dalison

wikipedia_title: William Dalison


text:
Canberra
Hans Buchdahl
Australian National University
Georg Tintner
University of Adelaide
AME School
Canberra School of Music
Juilliard School
Sándor Végh
Mozarteum
Hodgkin's lymphoma
ANU School of Music

categories: 1992 deaths,Women violinists,1964 births,20th-century Australian musicians,20th-century women musicians,Mozarteum University of Salzburg alumni,Australian classical violinists,20th-century classical violinists

paragraph: Kate Buchdahl

paragraph: Kate Buchdahl (30 September 1964 – 10 December 1992) was a classically trained Australian violinist.

paragraph: Catriona Alexis Buchdahl grew up in Canberra. Her father was Emeritus Professor Hans Buchdahl, Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Australian National University, Her siblings were Tanya Buchdahl, who married the conductor Georg Tintner, and Dr Nicholas Buchdahl, Associate Professor of Pure Mathematics at University of Adelaide.

paragraph: She attended the AME School upon its inception in 1972. She later graduated from the Canberra School of Music (now the ANU School of Music) and went on to attend the Juilliard School in New York 1983-87. She then studied with Sándor Végh at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, and with Valeri Klimov in Saarbrücken. Kate toured internationally as a member of the Camerata Accademica, conducted by Sándor Végh.

paragraph: She died from Hodgkin's lymphoma on 10 December 1992.

paragraph: The Australian National University now awards a scholarship, The Kate Buchdahl Memorial Prize, to promising musicians completing their studies at the ANU School of Music.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: A photo of Kate Buchdahl, at age 12, can be found at .

description: Australian violinist

wikidata_label: Kate Buchdahl

wikipedia_title: Kate Buchdahl


text:
track cyclist
East Germany
1976 Summer Olympics
Montreal
men's 1,000m time trial
Michel Vaarten
Rocourt

categories: Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Saxony-Anhalt,East German male cyclists,Olympic gold medalists for East Germany,Olympic medalists in cycling,Olympic cyclists of East Germany,1951 births,Cyclists at the 1976 Summer Olympics,East German track cyclists,People from Bad Lauchstädt,Living people

paragraph: Klaus-Jürgen Grünke

paragraph: Klaus-Jürgen Grünke (born 30 March 1951) is a retired track cyclist from East Germany, who represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. There he won the gold medal in the men's 1,000m time trial, defeating Belgium's Michel Vaarten. A year earlier he won the world title in the same event in Rocourt.

description: East German racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Klaus-Jürgen Grünke

wikipedia_title: Klaus-Jürgen Grünke