text:
Kakiemon
Higashijima Tokue
Ming dynasty
porcelain
Nagasaki
Kangxi era
Qing dynasty
Imari
Chantilly
Meissen
Hampton Court
London
Zwinger
Dresden
Living National Treasure
Arita, Saga

categories: 1653 deaths,1615 births,Japanese potters

paragraph: Sakaida Kakiemon

paragraph: Sakaida Kakiemon (), or Sakaida Kizaemon (1615— 1653) was a Japanese potter who invented the style known after him as Kakiemon. He worked in association with Higashijima Tokue, and created the first enamelled porcelain in Japan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sakaida Kakiemon started his porcelain business following the fall of the Ming dynasty in China and the succeeding disruption of traditional Chinese porcelain exports to Europe. Sakaida Kakiemon is said to have learned the enamel porcelain technique from a Chinese artisan in Nagasaki in 1643. He was the first in Japan to practice overglaze enameling (applying enamel on top of the glazing), a technique developed in China during the Kangxi era of the Qing dynasty. He also refined the method for producing a translucent white glaze.

paragraph: The first pieces were produced in 1643, with Chinese pigments. They are also called "ko-Imari", as they were shipped to Europe through the harbour of Imari. Kakiemon ware was extensively exported to Europe by the Dutch, until the Chinese industry was reestablished with the stabilization of the Qing dynasty, and the Dutch then shifted their orders to China, which started to manufacture imitations of the Japanese ware, known as "Chinese Imari".

paragraph: Sakaida Kakiemon's work is said to have been the probable inspiration for Chantilly and Meissen porcelains. The most important European collections are in Hampton Court in London, and in the Zwinger in Dresden.

paragraph: Section::::Successors.

paragraph: The Kakiemon productions almost disappeared by the end of the 18th century, but were revived in the 20th century by his descendants. The main heir of the family always takes on the name "Kakiemon". Sakaida Kakiemon XIV (1934-2013) became a Living National Treasure. The current head Sakaida Kakiemon XV is his son and works at the family kiln in Arita, Saga Prefecture.

description: Japanese potter

wikidata_label: Sakaida Kakiemon

wikipedia_title: Sakaida Kakiemon


text: Portuguese

text: knight

text: noble birth

text: Siege of Lisbon

text: Christian

text: Afonso I of Portugal

text: Siege of Lisbon

text: Reconquest

text: São Jorge Castle

text: Moors

text: Lisbon's metro stations

text: Vasconcelos

categories: Portuguese knights,Christians of the Second Crusade,Portuguese military personnel killed in action,Year of birth unknown,1147 deaths,12th-century Portuguese people,People of the Reconquista

paragraph: Martim Moniz

paragraph: Martim Moniz (died 1147) was a Portuguese knight of noble birth, and famous figure in the Siege of Lisbon in 1147.

paragraph: According to the legend, Martim Moniz was a knight participating in the Christian invasion force, led by king Afonso I of Portugal, in the Siege of Lisbon, during the Reconquest. At one point in the siege of São Jorge Castle, he saw the Moors closing the castle doors. He led an attack on the doors, and sacrificed himself by lodging his own body in the doorway, preventing the defenders from fully closing the door.

paragraph: This heroic act allowed time for his fellow soldiers to arrive and secure the door, leading to the eventual capture of the castle. Martim Moniz was killed in the incident. In his honor, the entrance was dubbed "Porta de Martim Moniz" (Gate of Martim Moniz).

paragraph: There are currently several monuments and parks named after Martim Moniz in Lisbon. One of Lisbon's metro stations is named after him. The station features a stylized graphic depiction of the event on its walls.

paragraph: One of his sons, Pedro Martins, Lord of the Tower of Vasconcelos, was the ancestor of the prominent Vasconcelos family.

description: Portuguese noble

wikidata_label: Martim Moniz

wikipedia_title: Martim Moniz


text:
Grand Prix
motorcycle
road racer
Northern Ireland
Grand Prix world champion
50 cc
1965
BSA Bantam
Tandragee
Ambassador
Triumph Terrier
Manx Norton
insurance broker
Tommy Robb
Dick Creith
Isle of Man TT
Ulster Grand Prix
Norton
Jim Redman
Bultaco
1964
1965

categories: 1941 births,British motorcycle racers,350cc World Championship riders,50cc World Championship riders,2014 deaths,500cc World Championship riders,250cc World Championship riders,Isle of Man TT riders,Motorcycle racers from Northern Ireland,125cc World Championship riders

paragraph: Ralph Bryans

paragraph: Ralph Bryans (7 March 1941 – 6 August 2014) was a Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Northern Ireland. Bryans was Ireland’s only Grand Prix world champion, winning the 50 cc title in 1965.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Bryans started road-riding on a BSA Bantam when working as a sixteen-year-old apprentice fitter. He entered his first race, the 1959 Tandragee 100, on a borrowed Ambassador 199 cc. For the 1960 season, he fitted a Triumph Terrier 150 cc engine to his Bantam frame, winning the 1960 Irish 200 cc Championship.

paragraph: For the 1961 season Bryans then progressed to a 1958 350 cc Manx Norton provided by sponsor James Wilson, an insurance broker, further-learning his skills in company of established racers Tommy Robb, Dick Creith and George Purvis. In 1962, Bryans first entered the Isle of Man TT and later in the Ulster Grand Prix was placed ninth in 350 cc class riding his Wilson-Norton and tenth in the 500 cc class on a Reg Dearden Manx Norton.

paragraph: In December 1962, Bryans arranged to ride Joe Ryan Nortons during 1963, when he was first noticed by Jim Redman at the Ulster Grand Prix. Bultaco signed Bryans after 'guest riding' their machines in Spain, but allowed Bryans to take advantage of a later offer from Honda to ride works machines in 1964, during which he was placed second in the 50 cc class and third in the 125 cc TT races. In 1965, Bryans won three races along with two second-place finishes to win the 50cc world championship for the Honda factory racing team.

paragraph: After a short illness Bryans died at his home in Scotland at age 72 on 6 August 2014.

description: British motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Ralph Bryans

wikipedia_title: Ralph Bryans


text: Angelos dynasty

text: Queen of Sicily

text: Queen of Germany

text: Byzantine

text: Isaac II Angelos

text: Constantinople

text: Norman

text: Balkans

text: Battle of Demetritzes

text: King Tancred of Sicily

text: Roger

text: Constance

text: Emperor Henry VI

text: Philip of Swabia

text: King of the Romans

text: Mühlhausen

text: Alexius

text: Fourth Crusade

text: Constantinople

text: Welf

text: Otto IV

text: Bavarian

text: Wittelsbach

text: Hohenstaufen Castle

text: Lorch

text: Beatrix

text: Otto IV

text: Maria

text: Henry, Hereditary Prince of Brabant

text: Kunigunde

text: Wenceslaus I of Bohemia

text: Elisabeth

text: Ferdinand III of Castile

text: Beatrice Postuma

text: Magdeburg

text: Walther von der Vogelweide

text: Middle High German

categories: Hohenstaufen,Daughters of Byzantine emperors,12th-century German people,1208 deaths,Duchesses of Swabia,1180s births,Hauteville family,12th-century Italian people,Royal consorts of Sicily,12th-century Italian women,12th-century German women,People from Constantinople,Angelid dynasty,German queens consort,12th-century Byzantine people,Byzantine queens consort,Burgundian queens consort,Deaths in childbirth

paragraph: Irene Angelina

paragraph: Irene Angelina (; c. 1181 – 27 August 1208), was an East Roman princess member of the Angelos dynasty and by her two marriages Queen of Sicily in 1193 and Queen of Germany from 1198 to 1208.

paragraph: She was the second daughter of Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos and his first wife, an unknown Palaiologina? who became a nun with the name Irene.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Irene was born in Constantinople. Her father Isaac II inaugurated his reign with a decisive victory over the Norman invaders on the Balkans in the 1185 Battle of Demetritzes. In 1193 he and King Tancred of Sicily arranged Irene's marriage with Tancred's eldest son, Roger. Roger was declared co-king, but died on 24 December 1193, shortly before his father's death on 20 February 1194. Sicily was claimed by Tancred's aunt Constance and her husband, Emperor Henry VI. After he had conquered the Sicilian kingdom, Irene was captured on 29 December 1194 and was married on 25 May 1197 to Henry's younger brother, Duke Philip of Swabia. In Germany, she was renamed Maria.

paragraph: After the Emperor had died on September 28, Philip was elected King of the Romans in Mühlhausen on 8 March 1198. Queen Irene's father, who had been deposed in 1195, urged her to get Philip's support for his reinstatement; her brother, Alexius, subsequently spent some time at Philip's court during the preparations for the Fourth Crusade. She thus had an early influence on the eventual diversion of the Crusade to Constantinople in 1204. Rivalled by the Welf scion Otto IV, Philip was able to consolidate his rule over the German kingdom. On 21 June 1208, he was killed by the Bavarian Count Palatine Otto VIII of Wittelsbach, leaving Irene widowed a second time.

paragraph: After the murder of her husband, Irene - who was pregnant at the time - retired to Hohenstaufen Castle. There, two months later on 27 August 1208, she gave birth to another daughter (called Beatrix Posthuma). Both mother and child died shortly afterwards. She was buried in the family mausoleum in the Staufen proprietary monastery of Lorch Abbey, along with her daughter and sons. Her grave was destroyed and cannot be reconstructed.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Philip and Irene had seven children, two sons (Reinald and Frederick) who died in infancy and five daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrix (April/June 1198 – 11 August 1212), married her father's rival Emperor Otto IV in 1212 and died three weeks later without issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria (3 April 1201 – 29 March 1235), married Duke Henry, Hereditary Prince of Brabant (later Duke Henry II), by whom she had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunigunde (February/March 1202 – 13 September 1248), married King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, by whom she had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elisabeth (March/May 1205 – 5 November 1235), married King Ferdinand III of Castile, by whom she had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice Postuma (27 August 1208 - 1208), she died some months after her birth in the Hohenstaufen Castle.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In his poem on King Philip's Magdeburg Christmas celebrations, the minnesinger Walther von der Vogelweide described Irene as "rose ane dorn, ein tube sunder gallen" (Middle High German for "rose without a thorn, a dove without gall").

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O city of Byzantium: annals of Niketas Choniates" tr. Harry J. Magoulias (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruno W. Häuptli: "IRENE (Angelou) von Byzanz", in: "Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)", vol. 28, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, , pp. 858–862.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography about Irene Angelina (in German) in OPAC Regesta Imperii. [retrieved 25 May 2014].

description: Byzantine queen

wikidata_label: Irene Angelina

wikipedia_title: Irene Angelina


text:
Irish saint
St Buryan
Penzance
Cornwall
Baring-Gould
Christianity
King Geraint
parish church

categories: Medieval Irish saints,6th-century Irish people,6th-century Christian saints,Medieval Irish saints of Cornwall,Irish expatriates in England,Female saints of medieval Ireland,6th-century Irish women,Irish princesses

paragraph: Buriana

paragraph: Saint Buriana (or Berriona, Beriana or Beryan) was a 6th-century Irish saint, a hermit in St Buryan, near Penzance, Cornwall. Baring-Gould identifies her with the Irish Saint Bruinsech.

paragraph: She is said to have been the daughter of an Irish king and travelled to Cornwall from Ireland as a missionary to convert the local people to Christianity. According to the Exeter Calendar of Martyrology Buriana was the daughter of a Munster chieftain. One legend tells how she cured the paralysed son of King Geraint of Dumnonia. Buriana ministered from a chapel on the site of the parish church at St Buryan.

paragraph: Buriana's feast day is 1 May.

description: Irish saint

wikidata_label: Buriana

wikipedia_title: Buriana


text:
Qing dynasty
scholar
Qu Dajun
Guangdong
Mei Wending
linear algebra

categories: Politicians from Suzhou,Qing dynasty poets,Qing dynasty politicians from Jiangsu,1646 births,1708 deaths,Poets from Jiangsu,Writers from Suzhou

paragraph: Pan Lei

paragraph: Pan Lei () (1646 – 1708) was a Qing dynasty scholar. He wrote the prefaces for a number of works that appeared in his time. In the preface to writer Qu Dajun's book "Guangdong Xinyu", widely regarded as a valuable source on the economic and social conditions of Guangdong in 1700, Pan wrote about the beauty, natural resources, and unique history of East Guangdong. Pan was also involved in the study of mathematics. In the preface to Mei Wending's "Fangchenglun", a treatise on linear algebra written in 1690, he wrote:

paragraph: Although mathematics is the last of the Six Arts (liui ), it has wide applications. Without mathematics, it is impossible to understand the measurement of Heaven and the

paragraph: survey of the Earth; it is impossible to regulate taxes and to manage finances; it is impossible to raise armies and dispose troops; it is impossible to administer civil engineering.

paragraph: Pan Lei's collected works also included the opinions of women who believed that poetry writing was considered unnecessary for women, which led to their works being kept secret.

alias:
Jiatang
Pan Lei
Cigeng
Zhizhijushi
Pan Wuqi

description: Chinese writer and scholar

wikidata_label: Pan Lei

wikipedia_title: Pan Lei


text:
Duke of Mecklenburg
John IV
Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Henry IV
Casimir V, Duke of Pomerania
Doberan Minster
Bad Doberan
John V at www.emecklenburg.de

categories: House of Mecklenburg,Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin,1440s deaths,1418 births

paragraph: John V, Duke of Mecklenburg

paragraph: John V of Mecklenburg (1418 – 1 November 1442/13 January 1443) was Duke of Mecklenburg from 1436 to 1442.

paragraph: John was the son of the Duke John IV of Mecklenburg and Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg. He ruled Mecklenburg-Schwerin after the death of his father, initially under regency of his mother Catherine, then from 1436 along with his brother Henry IV.

paragraph: On 17 September 1436 he married Anna of Pomerania-Stettin (died after 14 May 1447), the daughter of Casimir V, Duke of Pomerania. He was probably buried in the Doberan Minster in Bad Doberan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John V at www.emecklenburg.de

description: Duke of Mecklenburg

wikidata_label: John V

wikipedia_title: John V, Duke of Mecklenburg


text:
French
Prelate
Roman Catholic Church
Archdiocese of Chambéry
Diocese of Belfort-Montbéliard
Catholic-Hierarchy
Chambéry Diocese
Saint-Dié Diocese

categories: Roman Catholic bishops in France,1923 births,2013 deaths,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Eugène Georges Joseph Lecrosnier

paragraph: Eugène Georges Joseph Lecrosnier (20 April 1923 − 15 October 2013) was a French Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

paragraph: Lecrosnier was born in Maupertuis, France and was ordained a priest on 20 December 1947. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Chambéry, as well as titular bishop of San Leone, on 21 April 1969 and ordained bishop on 21 June 1969. Lecrosnier was appointed to the Diocese of Belfort-Montbéliard on 5 November 1979 and would remain as bishop until his retirement on 1 March 2000.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chambéry Diocese

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint-Dié Diocese

description: French Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Eugène Georges Joseph Lecrosnier

wikipedia_title: Eugène Georges Joseph Lecrosnier


text:
Twickenham
Slade School
Charles Holroyd
George Frampton
William Mouat Loudan
Arthur Elsley
Solomon Solomon
Klapmuts
Wellington, Western Cape
Johannesburg
British Empire Exhibition

categories: 1870 births,1955 deaths,20th-century women artists,People from Twickenham,19th-century women artists,Alumni of the Slade School of Art

paragraph: Allerley Glossop

paragraph: Allerley Glossop (1870–1955) was a South African artist known particularly for her landscape and pastoral scenes.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Glossop was born Alice Glossop into a middle-class family in Twickenham, in West London, the daughter of George Glossop, the vicar of Twickenham, and his wife Eliza.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Glossop studied painting at the Slade School in London under Charles Holroyd and modelling under George Frampton, and studied under William Mouat Loudan at the Westminster School of Art; she also worked under Arthur Elsley and Solomon Solomon, and taught at their short-lived art school, the Sphinx Studio, until it closed in 1900.

paragraph: She moved to South Africa in 1900, farming and painting first at Klapmuts in the Western Cape, and was an active member of the South African Society of Artists (SASA), serving on the Society's Council between 1902 and 1906. She habitually transgressed the gender roles assigned to a single white woman in colonial South Africa by dressing in men's clothing (she was known to her close friends as "Joe"), wearing a pith helmet, smoking a pipe and venturing alone into rural areas to paint. Between 1902 and 1917 she farmed in Wellington, Western Cape, and in 1917 moved to Johannesburg.

paragraph: In 1925 she moved to Lion's River in kwaZulu-Natal, and worked from there until her death in 1955.

paragraph: She exhibited in South Africa and abroad, including:

paragraph: 1902–1903 SASA annual exhibitions in Cape Town;

paragraph: 1910 exhibition of the South African Fine Arts Association, Cape Town;

paragraph: 1917–1919 SASA annual art exhibitions, Cape Town;

paragraph: 1920–1924 South African Academy of Art annual exhibition, Johannesburg;

paragraph: 1924 British Empire Exhibition, Wembley;

paragraph: 1924 SASA annual exhibition, Cape Town;

paragraph: 1935 exhibition of contemporary art, South African National Gallery;

paragraph: 1936 SASA annual exhibition, Cape Town;

paragraph: and the 1937 exhibition of contemporary art, South African National Gallery.

paragraph: Glossop's work is represented in Durban Art Gallery; Ann Bryant Art Gallery in East London; Albany Museum, Grahamstown; Johannesburg Art Gallery; South African National Gallery, Cape Town; the University of Cape Town art collection; William Humphreys Art Gallery, Kimberley and the Pretoria Art Museum.

description: South African artist

wikidata_label: Allerley Glossop

wikipedia_title: Allerley Glossop


text: Elderslie

text: Renfrewshire

text: Robert Burns

text: River Ayr

text: Ballochmyle House

text: East India Company

text: Bengal

text: Fog House

text: River Ayr

text: Mauchline

text: Gilbert Burns

text: Glenriddell Manuscript

text: Saunders Tait

text: Sawney

text: Ballochmyle Fog House

text: Inchinnan

text: Fog House

text: Jean Armour

text: Alison Begbie

text: Mary Campbell (Highland Mary)

text: Nelly Kilpatrick

text: Jessie Lewars

text: Mary Morison

text: Ann Park

text: Anne Rankine

text: Isabella Steven

text: Alexander Tait (poet)

text: Peggy Thompson

text: Fog House

text: The Fog House in the Ballochmyle Estate

categories: History of East Ayrshire,18th-century Scottish women,1756 births,Robert Burns

paragraph: Wilhelmina Alexander

paragraph: Wilhelmina Alexander (1756–1843), was born at Newton House, Elderslie, Renfrewshire. She was the 4th daughter of Claud Alexander of Newton and Joanna, daughter of Alexander Cuninghame of Craigends. Her lasting fame derives from being Robert Burns's 'The Bonnie Lass o'Ballochmyle' in the song of that title. Robert Burns was accustomed to taking walks and musing over his poetry and songs in the Ballochmyle Estate next to the River Ayr when he caught sight of her one-day and composed the song in memory of the event. She refused publication at the time and Burns never forgave this perceived slight on his genius, Wilhelmina never married, she did however treasure the letter and the manuscript of the song until her dying day.

paragraph: Section::::Life and character.

paragraph: Wilhelmina lived at Ballochmyle House with her brother Claud Alexander who had purchased the Ballochmyle Estate in 1783 from the previous laird, Sir John Whiteford who had lost much of his money in the Douglas, Heron and Company Bank crash. Claud had made his fortune as the paymaster-general of the East India Company's troops in Bengal. Prior to the Alexanders owning Ballochmyle Robert Burns had been in the habit of walking through the otherwise private policies thanks to his friendship with the Whitefords, the then lairds. In 1785 Burns wrote "The Braes of Ballochmyle" in memory of the ""..amiable and excellent family of Whiteford.."".

paragraph: Although Wilhelmina never actually spoke to Robert Burns, on the site where the poet first saw his 'Bonnie Lass o' Ballochmyle' a Fog House was built in his honour and to the occasion of his first seeing her one July day. In surviving photographs the two support poles at the front of the building appear to be cut fir trees, however they were actually made of iron. The roof is thatched and the flimsy walls appear to be made of heather. It was located on one of the many woodland walks, approached from one of the driveways or from the top of the Jacob's Ladders steps that once overlooked the River Ayr.

paragraph: The Ballochmyle estate lies near Mauchline and Robert Burns' Gilbert Burns' Mossgiel Farm where Robert lived for a time. Whilst on an evening walk through the private estate he encountered Wilhelmina Alexander, sister of the owner, walking alone and this inspired him to compose a romantic song. Wilhelmina had quickly left the scene upon this unexpected tryst in the early evening on her brother's lands. Burns wrote to her on 18 November 1786, enclosing a copy of the song, seeking her permission to allow him to publish it in his second edition of his 'Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect'. She was not named in the song however her identity as the main figure was clear for all to see.

paragraph: Burns had started his letter: ""Madam, Poets are outre Beings, so much the children on wayward Fancy and capricious Whim, that I believe the world generally allows them a larger latitude in the rules of Propriety, than the sober Sons of Judgement and Prudence ...""

paragraph: Wilhelmina was at least 30 years old at the time and no great beauty, so thinking that Robert was teasing her and after becoming aware of his reputation and after seeking advice from her brother she decided that the lack of a reply would be the best option. Burns begged Mrs Stewart of Stair to use her influence on Wilhelmina to no effect.

paragraph: Section::::Association with Robert Burns.:Aftermath.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Burns

paragraph: When in Edinburgh Burns expressed his frustration to his friend Gavin Hamilton writing ""My two songs on Miss Alexander and Miss Peggy Kennedy were tried by a jury of literati, and found defamatory libels against the fastidious powers of Poesy and Taste, and the author forbidden to print them under pain of forfeiture of character."" He added ""I cannot help shedding a tear to the memory of two songs that had cost me some pains, and that I valued a good deal; but I must submit. My poor unfortunate songs come again across my memory. Damn the pedant , frigid soul of criticism for ever and ever.""

paragraph: Some years after the event Burns wrote in the Glenriddell Manuscript: ""Well, Mr Burns and did the lady give you the desired permission? No! She was too fine a lady to notice so plain a compliment."" He went on: ""As to her great brothers, whom I have since met in life, on more equal terms of respectability, why should I quarrel their want of attention to me? - When Fate swore that their purses should be full, Nature was equally positive that their heads should be empty. - 'Men of another fashion were incapable of being unpolite?' - Ye canna mak a silk-purse o' a sow's lug.""

paragraph: At the time of writing the song he was basking in the fame generated through the first 1786 edition of his poems and the flattery of Mrs Dunlop, clearly the refusal and perceived attitude of Wilhelmina deeply and permanently dented both his pride and his new found confidence. A local acquaintance, Saunders Tait, did little to improve Burns' feelings when this 'village laureate' was invited to Ballochmyle to sing in person a song that he written about Mrs Alexander. 'Sawney' added insult to injury by becoming a privileged frequenter of Ballochmyle and by being given a reward for his locally popular song.

paragraph: The song was finally published, long after the poets death, in 1802.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelmina Alexander

paragraph: The correspondence from Burns was however in later life one of her most prized possessions which accompanied with her wherever she went, including her move to Glasgow from Ballochmyle, despite her relations attempts to keep them at the mansion house and, as stated, the Ballochmyle Fog House was built in honour of the occasion. Poems, Wilhelmina is buried in the Alexander family lair in the Old Inchinnan churchyard in Renfrewshire.

paragraph: These verses were hung on the walls of the Ballochmyle Fog House. The song is also known as "Song on Miss Wilhelmina Alexander".

paragraph: "The Lass o'Ballochmyle"

paragraph: /div

paragraph: /div

paragraph: Douglas refers to the fog house as a rustic grotto and states that the two verses were recorded on a tablet.

paragraph: Cuthbertson visited in the 1940s and comments on the winding mossy paths by which the 'heather house' was reached, confirming that it was built on the site where the poet, leaning against a tree, first espied Wilhelmina Alexander. He goes on to mention the rarely visited 'Poet's Seat', a vantage point where Burns would sit and think over his poems and songs. The seat was the branch of an oak that grew horizontally at this point.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Armour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alison Begbie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Campbell (Highland Mary)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nelly Kilpatrick

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jessie Lewars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Morison

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ann Park

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Rankine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabella Steven

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Tait (poet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peggy Thompson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fog House

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Boyle, A.M. (1996). "The Ayrshire Book of Burns-Lore." Darvel : Alloway Publishing.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Clements, James (1974). "Stevenston. The Kernel of Cunninghame." Stevenston : J. Clements.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Davis, Michael (1991). "The Castles and Mansions of Ayrshire". Ardrishaig, Argyll M.C. Davis, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Douglas, William Scott. Edit. (1938). "The Kilmarnock Edition of the Poetical Works of Robert Burns." Glasgow : The Scottish Daily Express.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Hill, John C. Rev. (1961). "The Love Songs and Heroines of Robert Burns". London : J. M. Dent.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Love, Dane (2003). "Ayrshire : Discovering a County". Ayr : Fort Publishing. .

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Mackay, James (2004). "Burns. A Biography of Robert Burns". Darvel : Alloway Publishing.

paragraph: BULLET::::8. McIntyre, Ian (2001). "Robert Burns. A Life." New York : Welcome Rain Publishers. .

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Purdie, David; McCue Kirsteen and Carruthers, Gerrard. (2013). "Maurice Lindsay's The Burns Encyclopaedia". London : Robert Hale. .

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Westwood, Peter J. (2008). "Who's Who in the World of Robert Burns". Robert Burns World Federation. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Fog House in the Ballochmyle Estate

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video footage of the Braes of Ballochmyle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video footage of the Jacob's Ladder site, Fog House, etc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manuscript letter written by Robert Burns

wikidata_label: Wilhelmina Alexander

wikipedia_title: Wilhelmina Alexander


text:
Slavkov u Brna
Moravia
Prague
Czech
Vienna
Charles University in Prague
Ernst Mach
Příruční slovník naučný
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

wikipedia_title:
Slavkov u Brna
Moravia
Prague
Czechs
Vienna
Charles University
Ernst Mach
Příruční slovník naučný
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

categories: 19th-century scientists,19th-century physicists,Charles University in Prague alumni,19th-century Czech people,Czech physicists,1913 deaths,1851 births,Czech scientists

paragraph: František Koláček

paragraph: František Koláček (9 October 1851, Slavkov u Brna, Moravia – 8 December 1913, Prague) was a Czech physicist.

paragraph: Koláček studied at the German gymnasium in Brno (finished in 1868), then at the technical universities in Prague and Vienna. At the Charles University in Prague, under guidance of Ernst Mach, he obtained the doctoral decree in 1877. He worked as a teacher at the gymnasium in Brno (1 year) and then in Prague (18 years). Only in 1891 was he named professor of mathematical physics at Charles university. During 1900 - 1902 he worked as a professor at the university in Brno but then returned to Prague.

paragraph: Koláček worked in the fields of hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, optics and electromagnetic theory of light. He was the first one to describe the electromagnetic theory of light dispersion.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Příruční slovník naučný 1962 (encyclopedia by Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences): volume II, page 529.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short biography, other references (in Czech)

description: Czech physicist and mathematician

wikidata_label: František Koláček

wikipedia_title: František Koláček


text: FRS

text: c.

text: North West Company

text: Hudson's Bay Company

text: Morning Chronicle

text: Grand Master

text: Upper Canada

text: Fellow of the Royal Society

text: Beaver Club

text: Montreal

text: Daviot

text: Scottish Highlands

text: tacksman

text: Dunmaglass

text: Strathnairn

text: Dunmaglass

text: Clan McGillivray

text: Lovat

text: William

text: Duncan

text: Simon McTavish

text: Montreal

text: the Canadas

text: North West Company

text: Montreal

text: pelts

text: Montreal

text: William McGillivray

text: Lord Selkirk

text: Hudson's Bay Company

text: Montreal

text: Simon McTavish

text: William McGillivray

text: North West Company

text: Hudson's Bay Company

text: Edward Ellice

text: Colin Robertson

text: highland

text: William

text: Montreal

text: Thain

text: American Revolution

text: Mexico

text: silver mine

text: Morning Chronicle

text: Freemason

text: Grand Master

text: Upper Canada

text: Royal Society

text: Sir John Easthope

text: Surrey

text: Worcestershire

text: The Strand

text: Blackheath

text: Kent

text: John Auldjo

text: Rear-Admiral

text: Stoke Gabriel

text: Richard MacGillivray Dawkins

categories: Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario,1840 deaths,1780s births,Canadian people of Scottish descent

paragraph: Simon McGillivray

paragraph: Simon McGillivray, FRS (c. 1785 – 9 June 1840), played an intricate role in merging the family owned North West Company with the rival Hudson's Bay Company. From 1835, he co-owned the "Morning Chronicle" and the "London Advertiser". He was Provincial Grand Master of Upper Canada (1822–1840); Fellow of the Royal Society at London; a member of the Beaver Club at Montreal and a member of the Canada Club at London.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: In 1785, McGillivray was born at Dunlichity, near Daviot in the Scottish Highlands. He was the youngest son of Donald Roy McGillivray (1741–1803), tacksman of Achnalodan in Dunmaglass and later of Dalscoilt in Strathnairn. His mother, Anne (1740–1807), was the daughter of Lieutenant John McTavish (1701–1774), of Garthbeg. The McGillivrays had traditionally held the Dunmaglass estate since the fourteenth century, and Simon's grandfather was a first cousin of the Chief of Clan McGillivray, Captain William McGillivray of Dunmaglass. However, on his side of the family, the land had dissipated so that Simon's father was a small tenant on what had become part of the Lovat estate, and he was unable to provide secondary schooling for Simon and his brothers William and Duncan. Instead, their education was paid for by their wealthy uncle Simon McTavish, of Montreal, who also provided each of the boys with careers within his fur trading empire.

paragraph: Section::::Representing the family firm in London.

paragraph: Simon McGillivray had a lame foot and was slightly blind in one eye, so instead of coming to the Canadas and being put through an apprenticeship with the North West Company as his brothers had, he was sent down to London to work for another branch of his uncle's business, McTavish, Fraser & Co. This company was set up to maximise profits for the Montreal firm. The company supplied the Canadian firm with trade goods, obtained credit for it, looked after shipments and sold the pelts at the best price on the London market.

paragraph: He became a partner of the firm in 1805 and in 1811 he was made a partner of the parent company in Montreal, McTavish, McGillivrays & Co. From London, Simon worked closely with his brother, William McGillivray, in his struggles to overcome Lord Selkirk and the Hudson's Bay Company. He made various business trips to Montreal when needed but otherwise remained in London where his authority had steadily grown to supersede his cousin John Fraser, the financial expert in Simon McTavish's time.

paragraph: Section::::Merging the NWC with the HBC.

paragraph: In 1820, when William McGillivray realised that the collapse of the North West Company (NWC) was imminent unless an agreement could be made with their rivals, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), Simon took a leading role. Together with his friend Edward Ellice, they devised a plan to merge the two giant fur companies. During the discussions that followed, Colin Robertson remarked: "I like Simon much better than his friend the Member of Parliament (Ellice); there is a sort of highland pride and frankness about the little fellow that I don't dislike". The merger was completed by 1821, and having broken the news to the partners in Canada, Robertson again commented, "Simon McGillivray has carried everything without even the semblance of opposition. The first day he opened the business, the second the Deed and Release was signed, and the third all was peace and harmony".

paragraph: Simon and William were placed on the board of the new organisation after investing £164,000 between them, but the peace did not last long and by 1825 their Montreal and London firms, McTavish, McGillivrays & Co., and (since 1822) McGillivrays, Thain & Co. went bankrupt. They were left in debt to the sum of £200,000. Blame for the failure is generally accredited to the dealings of the Ellice family, who since the American Revolution had made ambitions on gaining control of the riches in North West Canada.

paragraph: Section::::Family and final years.

paragraph: McGillivray was forced to sell his valuable art collection, but his talents had not gone unnoticed in London and his career continued to prosper. In 1829, Simon was chosen by the United Mexican Mining Association of London to go to Mexico to help reorganise the administration of the company's silver mines. In 1835, he was back in London, becoming a co-owner of the "Morning Chronicle" and "London Advertiser". A Freemason in London, from 1822 he held the position of Provincial Grand Master of Upper Canada, a position he held until his death. In 1838, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

paragraph: In 1837, at London, he married Anne Easthope (1808–1869), the eldest daughter of his business partner Sir John Easthope, 1st Bt., M.P., of Firgrove, Surrey, by his first wife, Ann, daughter of Jacob Stokes, of Leopard House, Worcestershire. The McGillivrays kept two houses. Their London home was at 13 Salisbury Street, The Strand, and they also kept a residence on Dartmouth Row, Blackheath, which was then in Kent. Simon was the godfather of John Auldjo. The McGillivrays were the parents of two daughters, and they were survived by one.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Louisa McGillivray (1840–1897), married Rear-Admiral Richard Dawkins (1828–1896), of Stoke Gabriel, Devon. They were the parents of five children, including Richard MacGillivray Dawkins

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the "Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon McGillivray Fonds at "Rare Books and Special Collections, McGill University."

description: Canadian businessman

wikidata_label: Simon McGillivray

wikipedia_title: Simon McGillivray


text:
Chillicothe, OH
Great Lakes Loons
Waverly High School
Miami University
Los Angeles Dodgers
Chicago Bulls
NBA Draft
Gabe Kapler
Mike Coolbaugh Award
Minor League Baseball
Southern League
Vero Beach Dodgers
Vero Beach Dodgers
San Antonio Missions
Gulf Coast Dodgers
Yakima Bears
Great Falls Dodgers
Savannah Sand Gnats
Vero Beach Dodgers
Vero Beach Dodgers
Jacksonville Suns
Los Angeles Dodgers
Las Vegas 51s
Los Angeles Dodgers
Jacksonville Suns
Los Angeles Dodgers
Glendale, Arizona
Great Lakes Loons
Los Angeles Dodgers
Arizona League Dodgers
Ogden Raptors
Arizona League Dodgers
Great Lakes Loons

categories: Albuquerque Dukes players,Miami University alumni,Living people,Minor league baseball managers,1956 births,Lodi Dodgers players,Miami Hurricanes men's basketball players,San Antonio Dodgers players,San Antonio Missions managers,Las Vegas 51s managers,Chicago Bulls draft picks,Clinton Dodgers players

paragraph: John Shoemaker

paragraph: John Shoemaker (born August 18, 1956 in Chillicothe, OH, USA) is a former minor league baseball player who is currently manager of the Great Lakes Loons.

paragraph: Shoemaker attended Waverly High School and Miami University before he was drafted in the 35th round of the 1977 MLB Draft by the Los Angeles Dodgers. Shoemaker was also drafted in the 6th round by the Chicago Bulls in the 1978 NBA Draft. He played in the Dodgers minor league system, primarily as a second baseman, from 1977-1980, making it all the way up to AAA before retiring to become a coach after the 1981 season. Has been part of the Dodgers organization since 1977. The Dodgers named him "Captain of Player Development" in 2015 as recognition of his "continual demonstration of superior teammate behavior" according to the Dodgers head of player development, Gabe Kapler. At the end of the 2015 season, he was awarded with the Mike Coolbaugh Award presented by Minor League Baseball to the person "who has shown outstanding baseball work ethic, knowledge of the game and skill in mentoring young players on the field." He was also named to the Southern League Hall of Fame in 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching/Managing career.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981-1986 Batting Coach for the Vero Beach Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987-1988 Manager of the Vero Beach Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989-1991 Manager of the San Antonio Missions - Lost in championship game in 1990

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 Manager of the Gulf Coast Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 Manager of the Yakima Bears

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Manager of the Great Falls Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 Manager of the Savannah Sand Gnats - Won South Atlantic League Championship - AMF

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997-1998 Manager of the Vero Beach Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 Manager of the Vero Beach Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Manager of the Jacksonville Suns - Won League Championship & Southern League Manager of the Year Award

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 Minor League Defensive Instructor for the Los Angeles Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Manager of the Las Vegas 51s

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Assistant Field Coordinator for the Los Angeles Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005-2008 Manager of the Jacksonville Suns - Won League Championship in 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009-2010 coordinator of the Los Angeles Dodgers training complex in Glendale, Arizona

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011–2012 Manager of the Great Lakes Loons

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: coordinator of Arizona Instruction - Los Angeles Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: Manager of the Arizona League Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: Manager of the Ogden Raptors

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016-2017: Manager of the Arizona League Dodgers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018-present: Manager of the Great Lakes Loons.

description: American baseball player and manager

wikidata_label: John Shoemaker

wikipedia_title: John Shoemaker


text: naturalist

text: colony of Brazil

text: Amazon Basin

text: Mato Grosso

text: agriculture

text: flora

text: fauna

text: University of Coimbra

text: Royal Museum of Ajuda

text: Portuguese Royal Academy of Sciences

text: placer

text: Goiás

text: Minas Gerais

text: Maria I of Portugal

text: captaincies

text: Domenico Vandelli

text: Belém do Pará

text: Marajó

text: Cametá

text: Baião

text: Pederneiras

text: Alcobaça

text: Amazon River

text: Rio Negro

text: Branco River

text: Cananauaru

text: Madeira River

text: Guaporé River

text: Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade

text: Cuiabá

text: Prata River

text: Cuiabá

text: São Lourenço

text: Paraguai River

text: Order of Christ

text: Royal Cabinet of Natural History

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Museum Bocage

text: Loxopholis ferreirai

text: "Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira"

text: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi

text: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi

categories: Brazilian explorers,Portuguese scientists,People from Salvador, Bahia,Brazilian scientists,18th-century explorers,1756 births,Portuguese explorers of South America,1815 deaths,Explorers of Amazonia,Portuguese explorers

paragraph: Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira

paragraph: Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira (April 27, 1756 – April 23, 1815) was a naturalist born in the Portuguese colony of Brazil. He undertook an extensive journey which crossed the interior of the Amazon Basin to Mato Grosso, between 1783 and 1792. During this journey, he described the agriculture, flora, fauna, and native inhabitants.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Born in Bahia (present day Salvador), the son of the merchant Manuel Rodrigues Ferreira, Ferreira began his studies at the Convent of Mercês, in Bahia, which gave him his first orders in 1768.

paragraph: He then studied law and then natural philosophy and mathematics at the University of Coimbra, where he received his baccalaureate at age 22. He continued his studies at the institution, where he studied natural history, and obtained his doctorate in 1779.

paragraph: He then worked at the Royal Museum of Ajuda. On March 22, 1780, he was admitted as a corresponding member of the Portuguese Royal Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: Section::::Expedition to Brazil.

paragraph: At this time the colonial economy of Brazil was in a state of decadence, having exhausted the placer gold of Mato Grosso, Goiás, and, especially, Minas Gerais. For this reason, the queen Maria I of Portugal, desiring to know more about the central and north of the Brazilian colony, which at that point remained practically unexplored, in order to implement developmental measures, ordered Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, as a naturalist, to undertake a "philosophical voyage through the captaincies of Grão-Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuiabá." The idea was to provide an impetus for economic exploration and enable conquest of disputed territory.

paragraph: In 1783 the naturalist left his post at the Museum of Ajuda, and, in September, left for Brazil to describe, collect, prepare and remit to the Royal Museum of Lisbon samples of tools used by the local population, as well as local minerals, plants, and animals. He was also to write political and philosophical commentaries about what he saw in the places he passed through. This pragmatism was what separated this voyage from other, more scientific, voyages led by other naturalists who explored America.

paragraph: With uncertain resources, he counted on two draftsmen or sketchers ("riscadores"), José Codina, about whom little is known, and José Joaquim Freire, who had an important position in the drawing house of the Museum of Ajuda and frequented the design halls of the Foundry of the Royal Army Arsenal. He was also served by a botanical gardener, Agostinho do Cabo. The voyage was undertaken under auspices of the Academy of Sciences in Lisbon, the Ministry of Business and Ultramarine Dominions, and was planned by the Italian naturalist Domenico Vandelli. It was originally planned to include four naturalists, but due to financial cuts, Ferreira was the only one, and on his shoulders lay the responsibilities of collecting species, classifying and preparing specimens for the return journey to Lisbon, and preparing studies about the agriculture and maps of the area.

paragraph: In October 1783, he arrived in Belém do Pará on the "Águia e Coração de Jesus" ("Eagle and Heart of Jesus"). The following nine years were dedicated to crossing the central-north of Brazil, from the island of Marajó, Cametá, Baião, Pederneiras and Alcobaça.

paragraph: He went up the Amazon River and the Rio Negro to the border with Spanish lands, and navigated up the Branco River to the mountain of Cananauaru. He went up the Madeira River and the Guaporé River to Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, then capital of Mato Grosso. He continued through the town of Cuiabá, crossing from the Amazon watershed into the marshes of Mato Grosso, in the Prata River watershed. He followed the Cuiabá, São Lourenço and Paraguai Rivers. He returned to Belém do Pará in January 1792.

paragraph: He inventoried the flora and fauna, the indigenous communities and their customs, evaluated the economic opportunities and possible places for centers of population. His was the most important voyage of discovery in Brazil during the colonial period.

paragraph: His "Diary of a Philosophical Voyage" ("Diário da Viagem Filosófica") was published in the "Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro" in 1887. The Division of Manuscripts of the National Library Foundation preserves in the Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira Collection hundreds of documents from Philosophical Voyage, along with other papers relating to the Amazon from the 18th century.

paragraph: Section::::Remittance to Portugal.

paragraph: During all of the years of exploration of the hinterland, he ordered the material collected to be sent to the royal court. Upon discovering that all of the expenses had been covered by the captain, spending his daughter's dowry, he decided that it wouldn't do to embarrass her marriage, and married his daughter, Germana Pereira de Queiroz, himself on September 16, 1792.

paragraph: He returned to Lisbon in January 1793, and dedicated the remainder of his life to metropolitan administration. He was named Official of the Secretary of State of Sea Commerce and Ultramarine Dominions. In 1794 he was awarded the Order of Christ and took a post as temporary director of the Royal Cabinet of Natural History and the Botanical Garden of the University of Coimbra. In the following year, he was nominated, in sequence, the Vice Director of the institution, Administrator of the Royal Farms, and Deputy of the Royal Junta of Commerce. He died in Lisbon.

paragraph: The material provided by the Philosophical Voyage remained for more than a century unknown and unstudied by Portuguese scholars, not even by Ferreira himself. He never resumed work on the species and samples collected in Brazil, nor refined his records and studies of the journey, and much of the material was taken to Paris as war booty. There remains today, however, a rich archive of diaries, geographic, demographic and agricultural maps, correspondence, more than a thousand boards and records, today kept mainly in the National Library Foundation in Rio de Janeiro and the Museum Bocage in Lisbon.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Ferreira is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of Brazilian lizard, "Loxopholis ferreirai".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catholic Encyclopedia": "Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira" on-line

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. L. Rodrigues Areia, M. A. Miranda, and T. Hartmann. "Memória da Amazónia. Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira e a Viagem Philosophica pelas Capitanias do Grão-Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuyabá. 1783-1792". Coimbra: Museu e Laboratório Antropológico da Universidade, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Walter Bates. "O naturalista no rio Amazonas (2 v.)." São Paulo: Editora Nacional, 1944.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brasiliana da Biblioteca Nacional", Rio de Janeiro, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. C. M. Carvalho (ed.). "Viagem filosófica pelas capitanias do Grão-Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuiabá (1783-1793)". Belém: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- V. Correia Filho. "Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira. Vida e obra do grande naturalista brasileiro". São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- O. R. Cunha. "O naturalista Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira. Uma análise comparativa de sua viagem filosófica (1783-1793)". Belém:, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Domingues. "Formas de intervenção no espaço amazónico em finais do século XVIII: política e aventura". Dissertação de mestrado. Lisboa: FCSH da UNL, 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Domingues. "Viagens científicas de exploração à Amazónia de finais do séc. XVIII". "Ler História". 19(1990)105-125.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Domingues. "Viagens de exploração geográfica na Amazónia em finais do século XVIII: Política, Ciência e Aventura". Lisboa: Secretaria Regional do Turismo, Cultura e Emigração (Madeira)/Centro de Estudos de História do Atlântico, 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Domingues. "Os índios da Amazónia para um Naturalista do séc. XVIII". "Ler História". 23(1992)3-10.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. C. Falcão. "Viagem filosófica às Capitanias do Grão-Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuiabá". São Paulo: Gráfica Brunner, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira. "Viagem Filosófica ao Rio Negro". Belém: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Day Otis Kellogg, William Robertson Smith. "The Encyclopædia Britannica: latest edition. A dictionary of arts, sciences and general literature, Volume 26." 1902.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works of Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira in the Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil

paragraph: BULLET::::- A ilustração em Portugal e no Brasil: Cientistas e Viajantes

alias:
Alexandre(Alejandro) Rodrigues Ferreira
Ferreira

description: Naturalist, explorer

wikidata_label: Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira

wikipedia_title: Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira


text:
U.S. State
Ohio
Ohio Supreme Court
Redding, Connecticut
Yale University
Chillicothe, Ohio
Connecticut
Ross County, Ohio
Ohio House of Representatives
Ohio University
Governor
Thomas Worthington
Thomas Scott
consumption

categories: 1821 deaths,Members of the Ohio House of Representatives,Yale University alumni,Ohio Supreme Court justices,1778 births,People from Chillicothe, Ohio,Ohio University trustees,Ohio lawyers

paragraph: Jessup Nash Couch

paragraph: Jessup Nash Couch (August 3, 1778 – 1821) was a lawyer in the U.S. State of Ohio who was an Ohio Supreme Court Judge 1816-1821.

paragraph: Jessup Couch was born in Redding, Connecticut, and graduated from Yale University in 1802. He came to Chillicothe, Ohio from Connecticut in 1808. He was elected to represent Ross County, Ohio in the Ohio House of Representatives for the 7th General assembly, (December, 1808 – February, 1809). Couch was a trustee of Ohio University from 1809 until 1821.

paragraph: Couch was appointed July 25, 1815 by Governor Thomas Worthington to fill a vacancy on the Ohio Supreme Court caused by the resignation of Thomas Scott, until the next term would start in February 1816. He was elected to a seven-year term by the legislature, beginning February 1816. He served until his death by consumption. Couch, who never married, died June 30, 1821.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Jessup Nash Couch

wikipedia_title: Jessup Nash Couch


text:
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Johannes Voorhout
Jan Porcellis
Jacob Adriaensz Bellevois
Artnet

categories: Dutch male painters,Dutch marine artists,1676 deaths,Dutch Golden Age painters,1621 births

paragraph: Jacob Adriaensz Bellevois

paragraph: Jacob Adriaensz Bellevois (1621, Rotterdam – 1676, Rotterdam), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to Houbraken he was a seascape painter in Hamburg and met Johannes Voorhout while he was there.

paragraph: According to the RKD he was in Gouda from 1661–1666, in Hamburg in 1673, and then returned to Rotterdam. He was a follower of Jan Porcellis and specialized in seascapes.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Adriaensz Bellevois on Artnet

alias:
Jacob Adriaensz. Bellevois
Jacob Bellevois
j. a. bellevois
Bellevoix
jac. bellevois
J. Bellevois
Jacob Adriaen Bellevois
Bellevoys
Bellovors
jacob bellevois
Jac. Adriaensz Bellevois
Belleroy
Hellevoir
Bellevois
jakob bellevois

description: Dutch painter

wikidata_label: Jacob Adriaensz Bellevois

wikipedia_title: Jacob Adriaensz Bellevois


text:
Thunder Bay
Ontario
CART
Championship Car
Indianapolis 500
Indy Lights
List of Canadians in Champ Car
Driver Database Profile

categories: Racing drivers from Ontario,Indy Lights drivers,International Formula 3000 drivers,1965 births,Champ Car drivers,Trans-Am Series drivers,Living people,Indianapolis 500 drivers

paragraph: John Jones (racing driver)

paragraph: John Jones (born October 19, 1965 in Thunder Bay, Ontario), is a former driver in the CART Championship Car series. He raced in the 1988, 1989, 1991, and 1992 seasons with 41 career starts, including the 1989 Indianapolis 500. He finished in the top ten 11 times, including four in 7th position in 1988, when he finished the season in 11th position and was named Rookie of the Year.

paragraph: John's brother Hunter Jones was also an active driver in the CART Indy Lights championship.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: List of Canadians in Champ Car

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Driver Database Profile

wikidata_label: John Jones

wikipedia_title: John Jones (racing driver)


text:
Belves
Castilian
Admiral
Middle Ages
Adelantado Mayor
Pedro of Castile
First Castilian Civil War
Calahorra
Henry of Trastámara
Battle of Nájera
Genoese
Ambrosio Boccanegra
Castile
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
Henry II of Castile
French
Hundred Years' War
England
Jean de Vienne
England
Isle of Wight
Rye
Rottingdean
Lewes
Folkestone
Plymouth
Portsmouth
Hastings
Thames
Gravesend
London
Iberian Peninsula
Portugal
Battle of the Saltes Island
Third Ferdinand War
John I of Castile
Charles VI
Brugge
Philip van Artevelde
Ferdinand I of Portugal
Beatrice of Portugal
Order of Aviz
bastard
John of Avis
1383-1385 crisis
Lisbon
plague
Battle of La Rochelle

categories: 1384 deaths,People of the 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum,14th-century Castilians,Year of birth unknown,Spanish military personnel,Spanish generals,Spanish admirals,14th-century deaths from plague (disease)

paragraph: Fernando Sánchez de Tovar

paragraph: Fernando (or Fernán) Sánchez de Tovar, 1st Lord of Belves (died 1384) was a significant Castilian soldier and Admiral of the Middle Ages.

paragraph: Section::::Soldier of Castile.

paragraph: Fernando Sánchez de Tovar was the "Adelantado Mayor" of Pedro of Castile at the start of the First Castilian Civil War, but in 1366 he betrayed the King and delivered the city of Calahorra to Pedro's brother and enemy, Henry of Trastámara. One year later, Fernando Sánchez de Tovar fought on Henry's side in the Battle of Nájera.

paragraph: Section::::Admiral.

paragraph: In 1374 he succeeded the Genoese Ambrosio Boccanegra as Major Admiral of Castile.

paragraph: Due to the hostile politics of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, the new king, Henry II of Castile joined the French side during the Hundred Years' War and declared war on England. As a result, Sánchez de Tovar led the Castilian fleet along with the French Jean de Vienne to South England and sacked and burned the Isle of Wight and the English ports of Rye, Rottingdean, Lewes, Folkestone, Plymouth, Portsmouth and Hastings. In 1380 the joint fleet sailed up the Thames and burned Gravesend, over 20 miles east of London.

paragraph: In 1381, Sánchez de Tovar returned to the Iberian Peninsula to fight against England's ally, Portugal, and defeated a Portuguese squadron at the Battle of the Saltes Island during the Third Ferdinand War. John I of Castile, son and successor of Henry II, created him Lord of Belves. In 1382 he travelled to France and joined the army of Charles VI during the siege of Brugge, ruled by the rebel Philip van Artevelde, but he soon returned to Castile.

paragraph: Ferdinand I of Portugal died in 1383 without heir and John I of Castile claimed the Portuguese throne because he was married to the only daughter of the late king, Beatrice of Portugal. However, the Master of the Order of Aviz, Ferdinand's bastard brother, John of Avis, also claimed the throne and Castile declared war against him, starting the 1383-1385 crisis. In this new campaign, Sánchez de Tovar led the Castilian fleet against the Portuguese and took part in the siege of Lisbon, where he died in 1384 from the plague.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of La Rochelle

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fernández Duro, Cesáreo. "La Marina de Castilla". Madrid (1995)

description: Spanish admiral and general

wikidata_label: Fernando Sánchez de Tovar

wikipedia_title: Fernando Sánchez de Tovar


text: Ann Arbor, Michigan

text: CART

text: Championship Car

text: Stockbridge, Michigan

text: Chelsea, Michigan

text: Indianapolis 500

text: Formula Atlantic champion

text: Chelsea Milling Company

text: Mabel White Holmes

text: USAC National Championship

text: AMI Racing

text: Jiffy Mixes

text: Armstrong Mould

text: Wildcat Mk. 2

text: Drake Goosen Sparks

text: Indianapolis 500

text: rookie of the year award

text: Pocono International Raceway

text: SCCA/CART PPG World Series

text: Championship Racing League

text: AMI Racing

text: Jiffy Mixes

text: Armstrong Mould

text: Orbitor

text: Cosworth DFX

text: Armstrong Mould

text: Lola T6000

text: Cosworth DFX

text: Kent Oil 150

text: Watkins Glen Grand Prix Circuit

text: True Value 500

text: Pocono International Raceway

text: Doug Shierson Racing

text: Domino's Pizza

text: March 82C

text: Cosworth DFX

text: Provimi Veal Tony Bettenhausen 200

text: Detroit News Grand Prix

text: Michigan International Speedway

text: Indianapolis 500

text: USAC Gold Crown Championship

text: Doug Shierson Racing

text: Domino's Pizza

text: March 83C

text: Cosworth

text: Cribari Wines 300K

text: Laguna Seca Raceway

text: Indianapolis 500

text: USAC

text: CART

text: Mayer Racing

text: Jiffy Mixes

text: March 84C

text: Cosworth DFX

text: Tom Sneva

text: Dana Jimmy Bryan 150

text: Phoenix International Raceway

text: Indianapolis 500

text: Forsythe Racing

text: Jiffy Mixes

text: Lola T85/00

text: Cosworth DFX

text: Michigan 500

text: Michigan International Speedway

text: Indianapolis 500

text: Tom Sneva

text: Rich Vogler

text: Detroit News 200

text: Michigan International Speedway

text: Jan Lammers

text: Morales Motorsports

text: Jiffy Mixes

text: March 88C

text: Cosworth DFX

text: Quaker State 500

text: Pocono International Raceway

text: Indianapolis 500

text: Nissan Indy Challenge

text: Tamiami Park

text: Chelsea Milling Company

text: Jiffy Mixes

text: Mabel White Holmes

text: Indianapolis 500

text: 2011 Indianapolis 500

categories: 1949 births,Racing drivers from Michigan,Sportspeople from Ann Arbor, Michigan,20th-century American racing drivers,Indianapolis 500 Rookies of the Year,Atlantic Championship drivers,Missing middle or first names,SCCA Formula Super Vee drivers,Champ Car drivers,Living people,Indianapolis 500 drivers

paragraph: Howdy Holmes

paragraph: Howard "Howdy" S. Holmes (born December 14, 1947, Ann Arbor, Michigan), is a former driver in the CART Championship Car series. He began racing in the early 1970s and was based in Stockbridge, Michigan, about northeast of Chelsea, Michigan where his family owned a milling company.

paragraph: He raced in the CART series for 7 seasons (1979-1980, 1982-1985, and 1988), with 72 career starts, including the Indianapolis 500 each of those years except 1980. He finished in the top ten 26 times, with his best finish in 2nd position in 1984 at Phoenix. He was the Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the year in 1979, with a 7th-place finish. In 1978, he was the Formula Atlantic champion.

paragraph: Holmes is currently the President of Chelsea Milling Company, his family's firm that was founded in 1901. His grandmother Mabel White Holmes became famous for inventing the Jiffy line of baking mixes in 1930, and the family brand served as a sponsor for his cars.

paragraph: Section::::Indy car career (USAC and CART).

paragraph: Holmes would make his indy car debut in the USAC National Championship during 1979 for AMI Racing in the #46 Jiffy Mixes/Armstrong Mould Wildcat Mk. 2-Drake Goosen Sparks at the Indianapolis 500. In the race Holmes qualified in 13th place and would be the only rookie to qualify, meaning Holmes would win the rookie of the year award. Holmes would finish the race in 7th place. Holmes would drive a second race, the Music 500 Presented by Musicland & Sam Goody at Pocono International Raceway, starting and finishing 7th. Holmes would finish 12th in the USAC points, while going unranked towards the rival SCCA/CART PPG World Series due to Indianapolis counting towards the points for drivers competing in their championship.

paragraph: In 1980 USAC and CART merged to form the Championship Racing League while also counting for points in the CART championship. Holmes would return with AMI Racing to drive the #43 Jiffy Mixes/Armstrong Mould Orbitor-Cosworth DFX. While Holmes was attempting to qualify the car he spun out and missed the race in that car. Holmes also tried to qualify AMI's #45 Armstrong Mould Lola T6000-Cosworth DFX, failing to qualify in that car also. During the season the Orbitor showed some promise, such as qualifying 6th at the Kent Oil 150 at Watkins Glen Grand Prix Circuit and an 8th-place finish at the True Value 500 at Pocono International Raceway. Holmes would finish 12th in the CRL/USAC standings and 22nd in the CART standings. Holmes would not compete in any races in 1981.

paragraph: In 1982 Holmes would drive for Doug Shierson Racing in the #30 Domino's Pizza March 82C-Cosworth DFX. During the season Holmes would get best finishes of 4th at the Provimi Veal Tony Bettenhausen 200 at Wisconsin State Fairgrounds Park Speedway and 5th at the Detroit News Grand Prix at Michigan International Speedway to finish 13th in points. During the year Holmes qualified for the Indianapolis 500 (counted towards the USAC Gold Crown Championship) to finish 10th in the race and 26th in the USAC standings.

paragraph: For 1983 Holmes would return with Doug Shierson Racing to drive the #30 Domino's Pizza March 83C-Cosworth. During the year Holmes got a best finish of 5th at the Cribari Wines 300K at Laguna Seca Raceway. Holmes would also compete in the Indianapolis 500 (sanctioned by USAC, but counted for points by CART), starting 12th and finishing 6th. Holmes would finish 13th in the CART standings and 9th in the USAC standings.

paragraph: In 1984 Holmes would join Mayer Racing to drive the #41 Jiffy Mixes March 84C-Cosworth DFX. The season would start off well as Holmes would finish 2nd to teammate Tom Sneva at the Dana Jimmy Bryan 150 at Phoenix International Raceway. Holmes would then qualify 2nd to Sneva at the Indianapolis 500. Holmes' car suffered mechanical problems throughout the race and Holmes finished 13th, 15 laps down. The rest of the season brought some more points finishes, although none were as good as Holme's early season form. Holmes would finish the season 12th in the CART points and unranked in the USAC points due to scoring no points at Indianapolis.

paragraph: For 1985 Holmes would join Forsythe Racing to drive the #33 Jiffy Mixes Lola T85/00-Cosworth DFX. Holmes would get a best finish of 9th at the Michigan 500 at Michigan International Speedway. Holmes would also finish 10th at the Indianapolis 500. The result came under some controversy as Holmes was criticized for making contact with then-2nd place driver and former teammate Tom Sneva, which caused Sneva and Rich Vogler to crash. Following the Detroit News 200 at Michigan International Speedway Holmes was replaced by Jan Lammers. Holmes would finish the season 25th in the CART standings and 10th in the USAC standings. Holmes would not compete in any races in 1986 or 1987.

paragraph: In 1988 Holmes would drive for Morales Motorsports in the #21 Jiffy Mixes March 88C-Cosworth DFX. During the season Holmes got a best finish of 7th at the Quaker State 500 at Pocono International Raceway. Holmes would also have a good run at the Indianapolis 500, starting 33rd (last) and finishing 12th. Holmes would finish out the season with an 8th-place finish at the Nissan Indy Challenge at Tamiami Park in what would end up being Holmes' final Indy car race. Holmes would finish 18th in the CART standings and 12th in the USAC standings.

paragraph: Section::::Post racing career.

paragraph: After retiring from racing, Holmes became the president of Chelsea Milling Company, the manufacturer of Jiffy Mixes, which was invented by Holmes' grandmother Mabel White Holmes. Holmes has also made appearances at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Legends Day (a day that honors past drivers of the Indianapolis 500) and other times simply as a spectator. Holmes was also likely among the drivers who previously competed in Indianapolis 500s and appeared in a special event prior to the 2011 Indianapolis 500 (100th anniversary of the first race).

description: American former racecar driver

wikidata_label: Howdy Holmes

wikipedia_title: Howdy Holmes


text:
province of Buenos Aires
Peronism
Juan Domingo Perón
Flores
Buenos Aires
locomotive engineer
railway workers
National Military College
Argentine Army
Campo de Mayo
lieutenant colonel
1943 coup d'état
Ramón Castillo
Ángel Borlenghi
Juan Atilio Bramuglia
Juan Perón
Eva Duarte
Province of Buenos Aires
UCR
labor rights
public works
land reform
chalet
Constitutional Assembly
Argentine Constitution
Ricardo Balbín
Peronist Party
regime

categories: 1898 births,Argentine Army officers,Justicialist Party politicians,1976 deaths,People from Buenos Aires

paragraph: Domingo Mercante

paragraph: Domingo Mercante (June 11, 1898 – February 21, 1976) was an Argentine military officer and governor of the province of Buenos Aires. He stood out as one of the initiators of Peronism, organizing labor mobilizations that ended on 17 October 1945 with the release of Juan Domingo Perón.

paragraph: Section::::Life and times.

paragraph: Domingo Alfredo Mercante was born in the Flores section of Buenos Aires in 1898. His father was a locomotive engineer and senior member of "La Fraternidad", the main railway workers' trade union at the time. He completed his secondary education in the National Military College in 1919 and received further training in the Superior War College, making him a career military officer. He married Elena Caporale and was transferred to the chief Argentine Army base, the Campo de Mayo, where he remained from 1924 to 1940. A lieutenant colonel in the Mountain Division, Mercante took part in the 1943 coup d'état against conservative President Ramón Castillo. This opportunity led labor leaders Ángel Borlenghi and Juan Atilio Bramuglia to seek allies in the new regime, which they first found in Mercante - familiar to the rail workers' unions through his father. Mercante became the liaison between labor and the amenable new Labor Minister, a colleague from the Mountain Division, Col. Juan Perón.

paragraph: This role led to his appointment as comptroller of La Fraternidad and of its rival, the "Unión Ferroviaria"; as such, he proved central to Perón's achieving political dominance of the regime after October 17, 1945. Imprisoned days earlier by junta leaders wary of his popularity, Perón's fateful release was due greatly to Mercante, who was his chief negotiator and who helped Eva Duarte plan and lead successful mobilizations for his release (Mercante introduced "Evita" to the populist leader in 1944). Promoted to full colonel in December, Mercante was named to the powerful Labor Ministry and accepted Perón's offer of the nomination as his running mate; in January, however, Mercante asked to be dropped from the ticket - asking instead to stand for governor of the paramount Province of Buenos Aires.

paragraph: Running on Perón's Labor Party ticket, Mercante defeated centrist UCR nominee Alejandro Leloir by almost 20%. He ran well ahead of Labor Party candidates for the provincial legislature (who ended just short of the UCR) and even ahead of Perón, himself. Governor Mercante pursued a vigorous social agenda, becoming a key contributor to the Peronist program of enhanced labor rights and public works investments. Over the next six years, his administration accelerated land reform (distributing 1300 square kilometres(1,400,000 acres) - of unused land), completed 1600 schools and 146 housing developments, among numerous other such works (built in a mock-chalet style, these housing units became known as the "Mercante chalets").

paragraph: These accomplishments and their lengthy acquaintance helped make Mercante one of Perón's most important allies; as such, he was named President of the Constitutional Assembly of 1948 - a body entrusted to replace the 1853 Argentine Constitution with a more populist document. Reelected governor in 1950 by over 25% over UCR nominee Ricardo Balbín, Mercante became increasingly thought of as a potential successor to the president, whose second term would, in theory, end in 1958. This prominence became a liability to the popular governor, however, Perón prevailed on him to stand down for new gubernatorial elections in 1952, expelling him from the Peronist Party in 1953.

paragraph: Mercante did not allow this imposition to be a cause of conflict between himself and the president, declaring that ""I've always towed our leader's line and, moreover, consider it anathema not to do so. My government in Buenos Aires Province depended on Perón, and disloyalty to him would have been tantamount to disloyalty to our movement and beliefs."" The retired officer joined efforts to quell a 1955 coup attempt against Perón; the coup was successful, however, and the ensuing regime tried Mercante. Soon freed, he maintained a low profile afterwards and died in 1976 at age 77.

description: Argentine politician and Army officer

wikidata_label: Domingo Mercante

wikipedia_title: Domingo Mercante


text:
Salzburg
Salzburg
rock mechanics
New Austrian Tunnelling method

categories: Austrian civil engineers,1908 births,1988 deaths

paragraph: Leopold Müller

paragraph: Leopold Müller (born 7 January 1908 in Salzburg, died 1 August 1988 in Salzburg) was one of the pioneers of rock mechanics and one of the main contributors to the development of the New Austrian Tunnelling method.

description: Austrian civil engineer

wikidata_label: Leopold Müller

wikipedia_title: Leopold Müller


text: Israel

text: rock

text: producer

text: director

text: Yoav Kutner

text: Düsseldorf

text: Brussels

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Vienna

text: Israel

text: Gibson SG

text: Yoav Shaaya

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Philippe Hemadou

text: Moog synthesizer

text: Adriana Dolabella

text: Bass

text: Kazbah

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Yoav Shaaya

text: HaPliz

text: Shahar Levi

text: Bass

text: drums

text: HaPliz

text: HaPliz

text: Yoram Bar

text: Eran Zur

text: Carmela Gross Wagner

text: Ori Ballak

text: percussion

text: Avshalom Kaspi

text: keyboards

text: Black Flower

text: Sam Spiegel Film School

text: Jerusalem

text: Sci fi

text: political

text: Israel

text: Zionist

text: percussionist

text: Arik Hayut

text: Paluma Twist

text: The Soldier Song

text: Shlomo Artzi

text: Reer

text: Arik Hayut

text: Ran Slavin

text: Adam Horovitz

text: Nosei Hamigbaat

text: Theater

text: Riverside Studios

text: People Show 105

text: Young Vic

text: Israel

text: Iteret

text: Gaza

text: Tamar Borer

text: Black Country

text: Tetris

text: Noa Dar

text: Ran Slavin

text: Assaf Tager

text: Katamine

text: Lag

text: Lag

text: Butthole Surfers

text: Elyasaf Kowner

text: Ressek Zar

text: Hebrew

text: Purée

text: museum

text: modern art

text: alternative electronic

text: Mambas

text: Hexenschuss

text: Gone Bald

text: HaPliz

text: The Third Ear

text: Carmela Gross Wagner

text: Hed Arzi

text: Reer

text: Hed Arzi

text: Hed Arzi

text: Resek Zar

text: Hi Fidelity

text: Mambas

text: Katamine

text: Lag

text: No Distribution

text: Iteret

text: Gaza

text: The Escaped

text: Pussy Men

text: Noa Dar

text: Mambas

text: Lambshake

categories: 1962 births,Israeli rock guitarists,Living people

paragraph: Uri Frost

paragraph: Uri Frost (born 1962; אורי פרוסט), is an Israeli rock guitarist, producer and director. Frost's dark and often intellectual art and music are informed by a sense of rootlessness and exile.Yoav Kutner, Israel's acclaimed rock music critic wrote about Frost: "He is a unique voice in Israeli rock music and his restless guitar, filled with feedbacks is eminent in all the music groups he was a part of".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early years.

paragraph: Uri Frost was born in Düsseldorf, Germany. He spent his early childhood living in Brussels, Rio de Janeiro and Vienna before moving to Israel in 1973. He is self taught, his first guitar being a 150$ Gibson SG,(he was told about by future bandmate Yoav Shaaya) which is still his main guitar.

paragraph: In 1984 Frost went back to Rio de Janeiro and by chance began playing again, now with Philippe Hemadou who played the Moog synthesizer, and then with Adriana Dolabella whom Frost taught to play the Bass. Together they formed the band Kazbah which was part of the underground scene that started taking off in Rio de Janeiro in the mid-1980s. The band recorded in a secluded farm on the outskirts of the jungle, using a 4 channel tape with Frost also programming a Dr. Rhythm drum machine. They produced several instrumental tracks several and songs, one of which became a hit and was often played on the mythic Radio Fluminense.

paragraph: In 1988 Frost returned to Israel and together with "Shosho" Yoav Shaaya, formed the band HaPliz. Later Shahar Levi joined on the Bass and Niss (who never disclosed his full name) on the drums. The band mixed rock and roll with a scent of middle eastern music. HaPliz is considered to "have been there ahead of their time and prepared the ground for what was to follow later, through the generation of the Roxanne bands". Their single album Under the Spell (בהשפעת הכישוף) is a "well constructed, brilliant array of songs that shows HaPliz in it's best moments," concluded the music critique Yoram Bar after returning from their show

paragraph: which he wrote, "had been the best rock show I have experienced in my entire life."

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1990s.:Carmela Gross Wagner.

paragraph: Frost had also begun working at the time with Eran Zur on a project that became the band Carmela Gross Wagner. They were joined by Ori Ballak (percussion) and Avshalom Kaspi (keyboards). In 1991 they recorded their debut album, Black Flower (Hebrew: פרח שחור), which was a massive success and hugely influential. Later on, Frost left the band but continued working as guest musician and producer.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1990s.:Film school.

paragraph: In 1992 Frost started at the Sam Spiegel Film School, Jerusalem. His 2nd year project was the film 22/D, a Sci fi political tale that shows a few episodes in the life of a man who immigrated to Israel and is faced with a Zionist conspiracy. The film was awarded the 1995 prize for Best Experimental Short by the Israeli Film Institute. In 1995, he left Sam Spiegel without completing the program.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1990s.:Paluma Twist.

paragraph: Together with an old friend, percussionist Arik Hayut, collaborated on the project titled Paluma Twist in 1994. They worked on different songs and released only one of them. It was a cover of The Soldier Song (שיר החייל) by Shlomo Artzi.

paragraph: Between 1992 and 1995 Frost was a member of the band Reer. Together with Arik Hayut, Ran Slavin (Shalosh Het) and Adam Horovitz of Nosei Hamigbaat (נושאי המגבעת). They released two albums with the Israeli major label Hed Artzi - "Reer" in 1993 and "Private Pleasures" (as Rare), in 1996.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1990s.:The London years.

paragraph: Between 1996 and 2000 Frost lived in London and wrote music for Theater. He has written music for seven different plays among them 3 Short Breaths at Croydon Warehouse, Fever at Riverside Studios, People Show 105 at Young Vic studio.

paragraph: In 1999 he directed the theater performance Miss, Did it Hurt When You Fell Down from Heaven, as part of the London festival for visual theater.

paragraph: In 2000 Frost returned to Israel and from 2001 started to write music for dance. He directed and wrote music for Iteret and "Gaza" by Tamar Borer, Black Country, Tetris, Arnika for Noa Dar,

paragraph: Between 2002 and 2004 he collaborated with Ran Slavin on SuBo, an improvisational duo which used live electronic instruments and video. They performed in Austria, Slovenia and Israel.

paragraph: In 2002 he composed the soundtrack for the Israeli documentary Garden (directed by Adi Barash and Ruthie Shatz).

paragraph: In 2005 Assaf Tager invited Frost to produce Katamine's first album (Lag) and Frost also directed two video clips. Lag included nine original songs and a cover of the Butthole Surfers. The album was voted Album of the Year by the weekly Haiir.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2000s.:Ressek Zar.

paragraph: In 2010 Frost collaborated on an album with artist Elyasaf Kowner Ressek Zar (from Hebrew lit. Foreign Purée), released and distributed by Hi Fidelity. The album was described as "the embodiment of pure art. Kowner and Frost are in constant search and they give the listener that feeling of going into a museum of modern art".

paragraph: Also in 2010 Frost co-founded Tel Aviv-based alternative electronic band Mambas with Jeki Ameamemet (vocals) and Gil Luz (keyboards). The trio's music incorporates elements of dance, noise and pop. The band's music, though based on electronic sounds, is played live, creating a combination of loop-based dance music and a live rock performance. In 2013 Frost produced the debut album of the Amsterdam and Tel Aviv-based band Hexenschuss by Mambas keyboarder Gil Luz and the drummer Assi Weitz (JAP, ex-Gone Bald).

paragraph: Section::::Selected discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 – HaPliz, Behashpaat Hakishouf (Under the Spell), (), The Third Ear

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 - Carmela Gross Wagner, Black Flower (Hebrew: פרח שחור), Hed Arzi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 - Reer, Hed Arzi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 - Rare, Hed Arzi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - Resek Zar, Hi Fidelity

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 - Mambas, Wasabi Baby, Self Released

paragraph: Section::::Work as Producer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - Katamine, Lag, No Distribution

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - Opiods, Temporary Phase

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 - Hexenschuss, Self-Titled

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - Shirly Kones, Self-Titled

paragraph: Section::::Work as director.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 - Short film 22/D

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - Theater performance Miss, Did it Hurt When You Fell Down from Heaven

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - Dance performance Iteret

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - Dance performance "Gaza"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - Short film The Escaped

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - Short film Pussy Men

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - Music video "Lambshake" for the band Hexenschuss

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Noa Dar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mambas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lambshake(Music Video)

description: Israeli musician

wikidata_label: Uri Frost

wikipedia_title: Uri Frost


text: king

text: Numidia

text: reign

text: Hiempsal II

text: Mauretania

text: Juba II

text: Greek

text: Ptolemaic

text: Cleopatra Selene II

text: Glaphyra

text: Ptolemy of Mauretania

text: Drusilla of Mauretania the Elder

text: Pompey

text: Africa

text: Sulla

text: Rome

text: Julius Caesar

text: Gaius Scribonius Curio

text: Africa

text: Publius Attius Varus

text: Battle of the Bagradas

text: Bocchus II

text: Publius Sittius

text: Battle of Thapsus

text: Marcus Petreius

text: genus

text: endangered

text: Jubaea

text: Suetonius

text: Appian

text: Marcus Velleius Paterculus

text: Julius Caesar

text: Commentarii de Bello Civili

categories: 46 BC deaths,1st-century BC rulers in Africa,Kings of Numidia,1st-century BC Berber people

paragraph: Juba I of Numidia

paragraph: Juba I of Numidia (, ; –46BC) was a king of Numidia (reigned 60–46 BC). He was the son and successor to Hiempsal II.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Juba I was the father of King of Numidia and later Mauretania, Juba II (50/52 BC – AD 23), father-in-law of Juba II’s wives Greek Ptolemaic princess Cleopatra Selene II (40 BC – 6 BC), Cappodocian princess Glaphyra and paternal grandfather to King Ptolemy of Mauretania (1 BC – 40 AD) and the princess Drusilla of Mauretania the Elder (born 5 AD).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 81 BC Hiempsal had been driven from his throne; soon afterwards, Pompey was sent to Africa by Sulla to reinstate him as king in Numidia, and because of this Hiempsal and later Juba became Pompey's allies. This alliance was strengthened during a visit by Juba to Rome, when Julius Caesar insulted him by pulling on his beard during a trial when Caesar was defending his client against Juba's father, and still further in 50 BC, when the tribune Gaius Scribonius Curio openly proposed that Numidia should be sold privately.

paragraph: In August 49 BC, Caesar sent Curio to take Africa from the Republicans. Curio was overconfident and held Publius Attius Varus (Varus), the governor of Africa, in low esteem. Curio took fewer legions than he had been given. In the Battle of the Bagradas the same year, Curio led his army in a bold, uphill attack which swiftly routed Varus's army and wounded Varus. Encouraged by this success, Curio acted on what proved to be faulty intelligence, and attacked what he believed to be a detachment of Juba's army. In fact, the bulk of the king's forces were there and, after an initial success, Curio's forces were ambushed and virtually annihilated by Saburra (Juba's military commander). Curio was surrounded with the remnants of his troops on a hilltop and died in the fighting. Only a few escaped on their ships, and King Juba took several senators captive back to Numidia for display and execution.

paragraph: With the arrival of Caesar in Africa, Juba originally planned to join Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, but his kingdom was invaded from the west by Caesar's ally Bocchus II and an Italian adventurer, Publius Sittius. He therefore left only 30 elephants behind and marched home to save his country.

paragraph: Scipio knew he could not fight without more troops, and sent a desperate message to Juba for assistance. Juba immediately left the command of his kingdom's defence with Sabura, and joined Scipio with three legions, around 15,000 light infantry, 1000 cavalry and 30 elephants for the Battle of Thapsus. However, he camped away from Scipio's main lines. Seeing the certain defeat of Scipio's army, Juba did not take part in the battle and fled with his 30,000 men. Having fled with the Roman general Marcus Petreius and finding their retreat cut off, they made a suicide pact and engaged in one on one combat. The idea was that one would meet an honourable death. Sources vary on the outcome, but it is most likely that Petreius killed Juba and then committed suicide with the assistance of a slave.

paragraph: Section::::Reference in botany.

paragraph: The genus of the endangered Chilean wine palm, "Jubaea", is named for him.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars - Caesar.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appian, B.C. i. 80.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marcus Velleius Paterculus ii. 54.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julius Caesar, "Commentarii de Bello Civili"

description: king of Numidia

wikidata_label: Juba I

wikipedia_title: Juba I of Numidia


text: Mont-de-Laval

text: Mont-de-Laval

text: priest

text: military officer

text: mathematician

text: commutative

text: distributive

text: Mont-de-Laval

text: France

text: Mont-de-Laval

text: Besançon

text: Besançon

text: French Revolution

text: France

text: French Revolution

text: French Army

text: Châlons-sur-Marne

text: Battle of Neuwied

text: Battle of Paris

text: Adrien-Marie Legendre

text: Besançon

text: France

text: Châlons-sur-Marne

text: Metz

text: La Fère

text: France

text: Jean-Victor Poncelet

text: Joseph Diaz Gergonne

text: Joseph-Louis Lagrange

text: commutative

text: distributive

text: distributive

text: commutative

text: commutative

text: Paris

text: Mont-de-Laval

paragraph: Francois-Joseph Servois

paragraph: François-Joseph Servois (born 19 July 1767 in Mont-de-Laval, Doubs, France; died 17 April 1847 in Mont-de-Laval, Doubs, France) was a French priest, military officer and mathematician. His most notable contribution came in his publication of Essai sur un nouveau mode d’exposition des principes du calcul différentiel (Essay on a system of exposition of the principles of differential calculus) in 1814, where he first introduced the mathematical terms for commutative and distributive.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Servois was born on 18 July 1767 in Mont-de-Laval, France to Jacques-Ignace Servois, a local merchant, and Jeanne-Marie Jolliet. Not much is known about his early life except that he had at least one sibling, a sister with which he would eventually move in with after his retirement. He attended several religious schools in both Mont-de-Laval and Besançon with the intention of becoming a priest. He was ordained at Besançon near the beginning of the French Revolution. His life as a priest was short lived though. As tensions in France, prior to the French Revolution, began to escalate, he left the priesthood to join the French Army in 1793. He officially entered École d'Artillerie (Artillery School) at Châlons-sur-Marne on 5 March 1794, and was commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the First Foot Artillery Regiment by 13 November of that same year. During his time in the Army, Servois was actively involved in many battles, including the crossing of the Rhine, the Battle of Neuwied, and the Battle of Paris.

paragraph: It was during his leisure time in the army that he began to seriously devote himself to the study of Mathematics. He suffered from poor health during his years as an officer and this led to him requesting a non-active military position as a professor of mathematics. He gained the attention of Adrien-Marie Legendre with some of his work and through Legendre's recommendation, he was assigned to his first academic position, as a professor at the École d'Artillerie in Besançon in July 1801. He would go on to teach at a number of different artillery schools through France, including ones in Châlons-sur-Marne (March 1802 - December 1802), Metz (December 1802 - February 1808, 1815–1816), and La Fère (February 1808 – 1814, 1814-1815).

paragraph: Section::::Work in mathematics.

paragraph: Like many of his colleagues who taught at the military schools in France, Servois closely followed the developments in mathematics and sought to make original contributions to the subject. Through his experience in the military, his first publication, Solutions peu connues de différents problèmes de géométrie pratique (Little-known Solutions to Various Problems in Practical Geometry), where he drew on notions of modern geometry and applied them to practical problems, was well received and prominent French mathematician, Jean-Victor Poncelet, considered it to be

paragraph: "a truly original work, notable for presenting the first applications of theory of transversals to the geometry of the ruler or surveyor's staff, thus revealing the fruitfulness and utility of this theory"

paragraph: Servois presented several memoirs to the Académie des Sciences at this time including one on the principles of differential calculus and the development of functions in series. He would further publish papers to the "Annales de mathématiques pures et appliquées", where his friend, Joseph Diaz Gergonne was the editor, where he started to formalize his position on the foundations of calculus. As a disciple of Joseph-Louis Lagrange, he strongly believed that structure of calculus should be based on power series as opposed to limits or infinitesimals.

paragraph: In late 1814, he consolidated his ideas on an algebraic formalization of calculus in his most celebrated work, "Essai sur un nouveau mode d'exposition des principes du calcul différential" (Essay on a New Method of Exposition of the Principles of Differential Calculus). It was in this paper, when considering abstract functional equations of differential calculus, that he proposed the terms "commutative" and "distributive" to describe properties of functions.

paragraph: Servois' 1814 Essai was published well before the modern definitions of functions, identities and inverses, so in his paper, he attempted to formalize these ideas by defining their behavior. In many occasions throughout the document, he discusses operations on functions to not only describe ordinary functions of an independent variable but also to describe operators, such as difference and differential operators. It is here where we first see a formal definition of the distributive property. Servois asserts the following statement:

paragraph: "Functions which, likeformula_2, are such that the function of the (algebraic) sum of any number of quantities is equal to the sum of the same function of each of these quantities, are called distributive"

paragraph: He goes on to further describe the commutative function as follows:

paragraph: "Functions, which like f and formula_4, are such that they give identical results, no matter in which order we apply them to the subject, are called commutative between themselves."

paragraph: Section::::Retirement and recognition.

paragraph: Servois went on to publish two more articles in the Annales des mathématiques pures et appliquées, but they were far less influential than his previous papers. He was assigned to his final position as the curator of the Artillery Museum in Paris on 2 May 1817, where he stayed until 1 June 1827. During his time as the curator, Servois was made a Knight of Saint-Louis for distinguished service to the military on 17 August 1822.

paragraph: After his retirement, he returned to his hometown of Mont-de-Laval and resided with his sister and his two nieces until his death on 17 April 1847 at the age of 79.

description: mathematician

wikidata_label: Francois-Joseph Servois

wikipedia_title: Francois-Joseph Servois


text:
Polish
chess
Polish Chess Championship
FIDE
International Master
France
correspondence chess
World Chess Championship
Vrnjačka Banja
smallpox
Yugoslavia
Chess Olympiad
20th Chess Olympiad
Skopje
21st Chess Olympiad
Nice
23rd Chess Olympiad
Buenos Aires
26th Chess Olympiad
Thessaloniki
European Team Chess Championship
Bath
Bożena Pytel
Krzysztof Pytel home page

categories: Chess Olympiad competitors,French chess players,1945 births,Chess International Masters,Polish chess players

paragraph: Krzysztof Pytel

paragraph: Krzysztof Pytel (born 15 May 1945) is a Polish chess player who twice won the Polish Chess Championship (1972, 1973). FIDE International Master (1975). Since 1989 he has played for France.

paragraph: Section::::Chess career.

paragraph: Started playing chess at the age of ten. In 1964 and 1965 Pytel twice won Polish Junior Chess Championship. Pytel was a good correspondence chess player - in 1966 he won Polish Championship in correspondence chess, and in 1968 - won silver medal in this tournament. From 1968 to 1985 Pytel played thirteen times in the Polish Chess Championship's finals, and winning three medals: two gold (1972, 1973) and silver (1979). In the years 1966-1982 he won ten medals in Polish Team Chess Championships, including two gold (1966, 1982).

paragraph: In 1972 Pytel qualified for the World Chess Championship zonal tournament in Vrnjačka Banja, but his trip to the tournament was cancelled due to the ongoing smallpox epidemic in Yugoslavia. He was awarded the International Master title in 1976.

paragraph: Krzysztof Pytel played for Poland in Chess Olympiads:

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1972, at third board in the 20th Chess Olympiad in Skopje (+2, =10, -3),

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1974, at third board in the 21st Chess Olympiad in Nice (+5, =11, -2),

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1978, at reserve board in the 23rd Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+1, =4, -3),

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1984, at third board in the 26th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki (+0, =2, -2).

paragraph: Krzysztof Pytel played for Poland in European Team Chess Championship:

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1973, at second board in the 5th European Team Chess Championship in Bath (+1, =6, -0).

paragraph: Krzysztof Pytel is a chess trainer and journalist, and author of many books on chess. He now lives permanently in France, where he trains children and young people. His wife Bożena Pytel is also a chess player: she won the Polish Women's Chess Championship in 1970.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- player profile at 365chess.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krzysztof Pytel home page

description: chess player

wikidata_label: Krzysztof Pytel

wikipedia_title: Krzysztof Pytel


text:
Ghurid
Bamiyan
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Masud
Sultan
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
Abbas ibn Muhammad
Turkic
Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad
Iranian
Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi
Balkh
Kara-Khitan
Khwarazmian dynasty
Herat
Guzgan
Marv
Sarakhs
Abiward
Tus
Nishapur
Fakhr al-Din Masud
Taj al-Din Zangi
Muhammad II
Husain ibn Kharmil
Khwarezm
Gurganj
Ghur
Ala al-Din Atsiz
ghulams
Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud
Jalal al-Din Ali
Ala al-Din Muhammad

categories: 13th-century Iranian people,12th-century Iranian people,1206 deaths,Ghurid dynasty

paragraph: Baha al-Din Sam II

paragraph: Baha al-Din Sam II () was the fourth ruler of the Ghurid branch of Bamiyan, ruling from 1192 to 1206.

paragraph: Section::::Origins and rise.

paragraph: Baha al-Din Sam II was the son of Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Masud and an unnamed sister of his relative Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad. Baha al-Din also had an older half-brother named Abbas ibn Muhammad, whose mother was Turkic. In 1192, their father died, and Abbas shortly ascended the throne. However, Ghiyath al-Din and his brother Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad shortly deposed Abbas, and replaced him with Baha al-Din.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Shortly after his ascension, Baha al-Din became famous among his subjects, and patronized many scholars such as the prominent Iranian philosopher Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi. In 1198, Baha al-Din wrested Balkh from Kara-Khitan control after the death of its governor. During the same year, war broke out between the Ghurids and the Khwarazmian dynasty, which was supported by their suzerain Kara-Khitans; the Khwarazmians attacked Herat, while the Kara-Khitans invaded Guzgan, and demanded tribute from Baha al-Din. However, the Ghurids shortly managed to inflict a heavy defeat on the two empires, and then used the opportunity to conquer Marv, Sarakhs, Nasa, Abiward, Tus, and Nishapur. Several Ghurid princes were shortly appointed as the governor of the cities, which included a nephew of Baha al-Din's grandfather Fakhr al-Din Masud, Taj al-Din Zangi.

paragraph: In 1202, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad died of illness, and was succeeded by his brother Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad as the head of the Ghurid dynasty. Shortly after Ghiyath's death, however, the Khwarazmian-shah Muhammad II invaded the Ghurid Empire, and besieged Herat. Mu'izz, along with his general Husain ibn Kharmil, quickly managed to Muhammad from Herat and then pursued him to Khwarezm, where the Ghurid army besieged the Khwarazmian capital of Gurganj. However, the Ghurids were shortly forced to retreat back to Ghur, but suffered a heavy defeat during the defeat. After Mu'izz's return to Ghur, he, along with Baha al-Din prepared a new Ghurid expedition into Khwarezm. During the same period, a Ghurid prince named Ala al-Din Atsiz married a daughter of Baha al-Din.

paragraph: However, Mu'izz al-Din was soon assassinated in 1206, which resulted in a civil war; Baha al-Din Sam was supported by the native Iranian soldiers, while the Turkic "ghulams" supported Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad's son Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud. Baha al-Din Sam II, however, died a few days later of illness, and was succeeded by his son Jalal al-Din Ali, who, along with his brother Ala al-Din Muhammad, were supported by their father's supporters.

wikidata_label: Baha al-Din Sam II

wikipedia_title: Baha al-Din Sam II