text: Bishop of London

text: Bishop of Worcester

text: Archbishop of York

text: Wulfstan I, Archbishop of York

text: Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester

text: Benedictine

text: diocese

text: Worcester

text: York

text: homilies

text: Antichrist

text: Sermo Lupi ad Anglos

text: Æthelred the Unready

text: Cnut the Great

text: Beorhtheah

text: Wulfstan of Worcester

text: Fenlands

text: East Anglia

text: Peterborough

text: Winchester

text: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

text: Aelfstan

text: Latin

text: Pope Gregory V

text: Pope John XVII

text: Pope John XVIII

text: Old English

text: see

text: Ælfric of Eynsham

text: vernacular

text: clergy

text: Carolingian Empire

text: Roman see

text: church law

text: catholic

text: Christendom

text: rhetoric

text: Ely

text: canon

text: Sermo Lupi ad Anglos

text: Old Norse

text: Scandinavian

text: West Saxon

text: Gloucester

text: Æthelred II

text: Cnut

text: Thorkell

text: penance

text: hide

text: Mass

text: Lyfing

text: Æthelnoth

text: Domesday Book

text: Ely

text: Peterborough Chronicle

text: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

text: Peterborough Abbey

text: William the Conqueror

text: Edward the Confessor

text: Henry I of England

text: God

text: Last Days

text: Antichrist

text: De Falsis Deis

text: Wulfstan's Canon Law Collection

text: Wulfstan's Eschatological Homilies

text: Sermo Lupi ad Anglos

categories: 10th-century English clergy,10th-century bishops,Anglo-Saxon writers,11th-century Latin writers,English sermon writers,Year of birth unknown,11th-century English writers,Bishops of London,10th-century English writers,1023 deaths,Bishops of Worcester,11th-century archbishops,Archbishops of York,11th-century English clergy

paragraph: Wulfstan (died 1023)

paragraph: Wulfstan (sometimes Lupus; died 28 May 1023) was an English Bishop of London, Bishop of Worcester, and Archbishop of York. He should not be confused with Wulfstan I, Archbishop of York, or Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester. He is thought to have begun his ecclesiastical career as a Benedictine monk. He became the Bishop of London in 996. In 1002 he was elected simultaneously to the diocese of Worcester and the archdiocese of York, holding both in plurality until 1016, when he relinquished Worcester; he remained archbishop of York until his death. It was perhaps while he was at London that he first became well known as a writer of sermons, or homilies, on the topic of Antichrist. In 1014, as archbishop, he wrote his most famous work, a homily which he titled the "Sermo Lupi ad Anglos", or the "Sermon of the Wolf to the English".

paragraph: Besides sermons Wulfstan was also instrumental in drafting law codes for both kings Æthelred the Unready and Cnut the Great of England. He is considered one of the two major writers of the late Anglo-Saxon period in England. After his death in 1023, miracles were said to have occurred at his tomb, but attempts to have him declared a saint never bore fruit.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Wulfstan's early life is obscure, but he was certainly the uncle of one Beorhtheah, his successor at Worcester but one, and the uncle of Wulfstan of Worcester. About Wulfstan's youth we know nothing. He probably had familial ties to the Fenlands in East Anglia, and to Peterborough specifically. Although there is no direct evidence of his ever being monastic, the nature of Wulfstan's later episcopal career and his affinity with the Benedictine Reform argue that he had once studied and professed as a Benedictine monk, perhaps at Winchester. According to the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", Wulfstan was consecrated bishop of London in 996, succeeding Aelfstan. Besides the notice in the Chronicle, the first record of his name is in a collection of nine Latin penitential letters collected by him, three of which were issued by him as bishop of London, and one by him as "Archbishop of the English". The other five letters in the collection (only one of which is addressed to Wulfstan, as archbishop) were issued by Pope Gregory V and by a Pope John (either Pope John XVII or Pope John XVIII). In the letters issued by Wulfstan as bishop of London he styles himself "Lupus episcopus", meaning "the bishop Wolf". "Lupus" is the Latin form of the first element of his Old English name, which means "wolf-stone".

paragraph: In 1002 Wulfstan was elected Archbishop of York and was immediately translated to that see. Holding York also brought him control over the diocese of Worcester, as at that time it was practice in England to hold "the potentially disaffected northern archbishopric in plurality with a southern see." He held both Worcester and York until 1016, resigning Worcester to Leofsige while retaining York. There is evidence, however, that he retained influence over Worcester even after this time, and that Leofsige perhaps acted "only as a suffragan to Wulfstan." Although holding two or more episcopal sees in plurality was both uncanonical and against the spirit of the Benedictine Reform, Wulfstan had inherited this practice from previous archbishops of York, and he was not the last to hold York and Worcester in plurality.

paragraph: Wulfstan must have early on garnered the favour of powerful men, particularly Æthelred king of England, for we find him personally drafting all royal law codes promulgated under Æthelred's reign from 1005 to 1016. There is no doubt that Wulfstan had a penchant for law; his knowledge of previous Anglo-Saxon law (both royal and ecclesiastical), as well as ninth-century Carolingian law, was considerable. This surely made him a suitable choice for the king's legal draftsman. But it is also likely that Wulfstan's position as archbishop of York, an important centre in the then politically sensitive northern regions of the English kingdom, made him not only a very influential man in the North, but also a powerful ally for the king and his family in the South. It is indicative of Wulfstan's continuing political importance and savvy that he also acted as legal draftsman for, and perhaps advisor to, the Danish king Cnut, who took England's West Saxon throne in 1016.

paragraph: Section::::Homilist.

paragraph: Wulfstan was one of the most distinguished and effective Old English prose writers. His writings cover a wide range of topics in an even greater range of genres, including homilies (or sermons), secular laws, religious canons, and political theory. With Ælfric of Eynsham, he is one of the two major vernacular writers in early eleventh-century England, a period which, ecclesiastically, was still very much enamoured of and greatly influenced by the Benedictine Reform. The Benedictine Reform was a movement which sought to institute monastic standards among the secular clergy, a movement made popular by the churchmen of the Carolingian Empire in the ninth and tenth centuries. The Reform promoted a regular (i.e. based on a "regula", or rule) life for priests and clerics, a strict church hierarchy, the primacy of the Roman see, the authority of codified or canonical church law, and stressed the importance of catholic, that is universal, church practices throughout all Christendom. These ideas could only thrive in a social and political atmosphere which recognised the importance of both the clergy's and the laity's obedience to the authority of the church on all things spiritual, and also on many things secular and juridical. This was one of the main theoretical models behind much of Wulfstan's legal and quasi-legal writings. But Wulfstan was not blind to the fact that, in order for this Reform model to thrive in England, the English clergy and laity (especially the laity) needed to be educated in the basic tenets of the faith. Nothing less than the legitimacy of English Christendom rested on Englishmen's steadfastness on certain fundamental Christian beliefs and practices, like, for example, knowledge of Christ's life and passion, memorisation of the Pater Noster and the Apostles' Creed, proper baptism, and the correct date and method of celebrating Easter mass. It is towards the promotion of such beliefs and practices, that Wulfstan engaged in writing a number of homilies dedicated to educating both clergy and laity in those Christian fundamentals which he saw as so important for both the flourishing of Christian lives and the success of the English polity.

paragraph: In a series of homilies begun during his tenure as Bishop of London, Wulfstan attained a high degree of competence in rhetorical prose, working with a distinctive rhythmical system based around alliterative pairings. He used intensifying words, distinctive vocabulary and compounds, rhetorical figures, and repeated phrases as literary devices. These devices lend Wulfstan's homilies their tempo-driven, almost feverish, quality, allowing them to build toward multiple climaxes. An example from one of his earliest sermons, titled "Secundum Lucam," describes with vivid rhetorical force the unpleasantries of Hell (notice the alliteration, parallelism, and rhyme):

paragraph: Wa þam þonne þe ær geearnode helle wite. Ðær is ece bryne grimme gemencged, & ðær is ece gryre; þær is granung & wanung & aa singal heof; þær is ealra yrmða gehwylc & ealra deofla geþring. Wa þam þe þær sceal wunian on wite. Betere him wære þæt he man nære æfre geworden þonne he gewurde.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ""Woe then to him who has earned for himself the torments of Hell. There there is everlasting fire roiling painfully, and there there is everlasting filth. There there is groaning and moaning and always constant wailing. There there is every kind of misery, and the press of every kind of devil. Woe to him who dwells in torment: better it were for him that he were never born, than that he become thus.""

paragraph: This type of heavy-handed, though effective, rhetoric immediately made Wulfstan's homilies popular tools for use at the pulpit.

paragraph: There is good evidence that Wulfstan's homiletic style was appreciated by his contemporaries. While yet bishop of London, in 1002 he received an anonymous letter in Latin praising his style and eloquence. In this letter, an unknown contemporary refuses to do a bit of translation for Wulfstan because he fears he could never properly imitate the Bishop's style. The Chronicle of Ely said of his preaching that "when he spoke, it was as if his listeners were hearing the very wisdom of God Himself." Though they were rhetorically ornate, Wulfstan's homilies show a conscious effort to avoid the intellectual conceits presumably favoured by educated (i.e. monastic) audiences; his target audience was the common English Christian, and his message was suited to everyone who wished to flock to the cathedral to hear it. Wulfstan refused to include in his works confusing or philosophical concepts, speculation, or long narratives – devices which other homilies of the time regularly employed (likely to the dismay of the average parishioner). He also rarely used Latin phrases or words, though a few of his homilies do survive in Latin form, versions that were either drafts for later English homilies, or else meant to be addressed to a learned clergy. Even so, even his Latin sermons employ a straightforward approach to sermonising. Wulfstan's homilies are concerned only with the "bare bones, but these he invests with a sense of urgency of moral or legal rigorism in a time of great danger".

paragraph: The canon of Wulfstan's homiletic works is somewhat ambiguous, as it is often difficult to tell if a homily in his style was actually written by Wulfstan, or is merely the work of someone who had appreciated Wulfstanian style and imitated it. However, throughout his episcopal career, he is believed to have written upwards of 30 sermons in Old English. The number of his Latin sermons has not yet been established. He may also have been responsible, wholly or in part, for other extant anonymous Old English sermons, for his style can be detected in a range of homiletic texts which cannot be directly attributed to him. However, as mentioned, some scholars believe that Wulfstan's powerful rhetorical style produced imitators, whose homilies would now be difficult to distinguish from genuine Wulfstanian homilies. Those homilies which are certainly by Wulfstan can be divided into 'blocks', that is by subject and theme, and in this way it can be seen that at different points in his life Wulfstan was concerned with different aspects of Christian life in England. The first 'block' was written ca. 996–1002 and is concerned with eschatology, that is, the end of the world. These homilies give frequent descriptions of the coming of Antichrist and the evils that will befall the world before Christ's Second Coming. They likely play on the anxiety that surely developed as the end of the first millennium AD approached. The second 'block', written around 1002–1008, is concerned with the tenets of the Christian faith. The third 'block', written around 1008–1020, concerns archiepiscopal functions. The fourth and final 'block', written around 1014–1023, known as the "Evil Days" 'block', concerns the evils that befall a kingdom and people who do not live proper Christian lives. This final block contains his most famous homily, the "Sermo Lupi ad Anglos", where Wulfstan rails against the deplorable customs of his time, and sees recent Viking invasions as God's punishment of the English for their lax ways. About 1008 (and again in a revision about 1016) he wrote a lengthy work which, although not strictly homiletic, summarises many of the favourite points he had hitherto expounded upon in his homilies. Titled by modern editors as the "Institutes of Polity", it is a piece of 'estates literature' which details, from the perspective of a Christian polity, the duties of each member of society, beginning with the top (the king) and ending at the bottom (common folk).

paragraph: Section::::Language.

paragraph: Wulfstan was a native speaker of Old English. He was also a competent Latinist. As York was at the centre of a region of England that had for some time been colonised by people of Scandinavian descent, it is possible that Wulfstan was familiar with, or perhaps even bilingual in, Old Norse. He may have helped incorporate Scandinavian vocabulary into Old English. Dorothy Whitelock remarks that "the influence of his sojourns in the north is seen in his terminology. While in general he writes a variety of late West Saxon literary language, he uses in some texts words of Scandinavian origin, especially in speaking of the various social classes." In some cases, Wulfstan is the only one known to have used a word in Old English, and in some cases such words are of Scandinavian origin. Some words of his that have been recognised as particularly Scandinavian are

paragraph: "þræl" "slave, servant" (cf. Old Norse "þræll"; cp. Old English "þeowa"),

paragraph: "bonda" "husband, householder" (cf. Old Norse "bondi"; cp. Old English "ceorl"),

paragraph: "eorl" "nobleman of high rank, (Danish) jarl" (cf. Old Norse "jarl"; cp. Old English "ealdorman"),

paragraph: "fysan" "to make someone ready, to put someone to flight" (cf. Old Norse "fysa"),

paragraph: "genydmaga" "close kinsfolk" (cf. Old Norse "nauðleyti"), and

paragraph: "laga" "law" (cf. Old Norse "lag"; cp. Old English "æw")

paragraph: Some Old English words which appear only in works under his influence are

paragraph: "werewulf" "were-wolf,"

paragraph: "sibleger" "incest,"

paragraph: "leohtgescot" "light-scot" (a tithe to churches for candles),

paragraph: "tofesian,"

paragraph: "ægylde," and

paragraph: "morðwyrhta"

paragraph: Section::::Church reform and royal service.

paragraph: Wulfstan was very involved in the reform of the English church, and was concerned with improving both the quality of Christian faith and the quality of ecclesiastical administration in his dioceses (especially York, a relatively impoverished diocese at this time). Towards the end of his episcopate in York, he established a small monastery in Gloucester, which had to be re-established in 1058 after being burned. In addition to his religious and literary career, Wulfstan enjoyed a lengthy and fruitful career as one of England's foremost statesmen. Under both Æthelred II and Cnut, Wulfstan was primarily responsible for the drafting of English law codes relating to both secular and ecclesiastical affairs, and seems to have held a prominent and influential position at court. He drew up the laws that Æthelred issued at Enham in 1008, which dealt with the cult of St Edward the Martyr, the raising and equipping of ships and ship's crews, the payment of tithes, and a ban on the export of (Christian) slaves from the kingdom. Pushing for religious, social, political, and moral reforms, Wulfstan "wrote legislation to reassert the laws of earlier Anglo-Saxon kings and bring order to a country that had been unsettled by war and influx of Scandinavians."

paragraph: In 1009 Wulfstan wrote the edict that Æthelred II issued calling for the whole nation to fast and pray for three days during Thorkell's raids on England, in a national act of penance. Only water and bread were to be eaten, people should walk to church barefoot, a payment of one penny from each hide of land was to be made, and everyone should attend Mass every day of the three days. Anyone not participating would be fined or flogged. After Cnut conquered England, Wulfstan quickly became an advisor to the new king, as evidenced by Wulfstan's influence on the law code issued by Cnut. After the death of Lyfing, Archbishop of Canterbury in 1020, Wulfstan consecrated his successor Æthelnoth in 1020, and wrote to Cnut asking the king to grant the same rights and dignities for the new archbishop that previous archbishops had held. Wulfstan also wrote the laws that were issued by Cnut at Winchester in 1021 or 1022. These laws continued in force throughout the 11th century, as they were the laws referred to in Domesday Book as "the law of King Edward".

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Wulfstan died at York on 28 May 1023. His body was taken for burial to the monastery of Ely, in accordance with his wishes. Miracles are ascribed to his tomb by the "Liber Eliensis", but it does not appear that any attempt to declare him a saint was made beyond this. The historian Denis Bethell called him the "most important figure in the English Church in the reigns of Æthelred II and Cnut."

paragraph: Wulfstan's writings influenced a number of writers in late Old English literature. There are echoes of Wulfstan's writings in the 1087 entry of the "Peterborough Chronicle", a version of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" written at Peterborough Abbey. This entry has long been famous as it deals with the death of King William the Conqueror, and contrasts his worldly power with his status after death. Other suggestions of Wulfstan's writing occur in works of Old English, including the "Soul's Address to the Body". His law codes, which were written under Æthelred and Cnut, remained in effect through the reign of King Edward the Confessor, and were still being reaffirmed in 1100, when King Henry I of England swore a coronation oath to observe the laws of King Edward.

paragraph: The unique 11th-century manuscript of the Early English "Apollonius of Tyre" may only have survived because it was bound into a book together with Wulfstan's homilies.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Wulfstan wrote some works in Latin, and numerous works in Old English, then the vernacular. He has also been credited with a few short poems. His works can generally be divided into homiletic, legal, and philosophical categories.

paragraph: Wulfstan's best-known homily is "Sermo Lupi ad Anglos", or "Sermon of the Wolf to the English." In it he proclaims the depredations of the "Danes" (who were, at that point, primarily Norwegian invaders) a scourge from God to lash the English for their sins. He calls upon them to repent of their sinful ways and "return to the faith of baptism, where there is protection from the fires of hell." He also wrote many homilies relating to the Last Days and the coming of the Antichrist. Age of the Antichrist was a popular theme in Wulfstan's homilies, which also include the issues of death and Judgment Day. Six homilies that illustrate this theme include: "Secundum Matheum, Secundum Lucam, De Anticristo, De Temporibus Antichrist", "Secundum Marcum" and "De Falsis Deis". "De Antichristo" was the "first full development of the Antichrist theme", and Wulfstan addressed it to the clergy. Believing that he lived at the time right before the Antichrist was to come, he felt compelled to diligently warn and teach the clergy to withstand the dishonest teaching of the enemies of God. These six homilies also include: emphasis that the hour of the Antichrist is very near, warnings that the English should be aware of false Christs who will attempt to seduce men, warnings that God will pass judgement on man's faithfulness, discussion of man's sins, evils of the world, and encouragement to love God and do his will. He wrote the "Canons of Edgar" and "The Law of Edward and Guthrum" which date before 1008. The "Canons" was written to instruct the secular clergy serving a parish in the responsibilities of their position. "The Law of Edward and Guthrum", on the other hand, is an ecclesiastical law handbook. Modern editors have paid most attention to his homilies: they have been edited by Arthur Napier, by Dorothy Whitelock, and by Dorothy Bethurum. Since that publication, other works that were likely authored by Wulfstan have been identified; a forthcoming edition by Andy Orchard will update the canon of Wulfstan's homilies. Wulfstan was also a book collector; he is responsible for amassing a large collection of texts pertaining to canon law, the liturgy, and episcopal functions. This collection is known as Wulftan's "Commonplace Book." A significant part of the Commonplace book consists of a work once known as the "Excerptiones pseudo-Ecgberhti", though it has most recently been edited as Wulfstan's Canon Law Collection (a.k.a. "Collectio canonum Wigorniensis"). This work is a collection of conciliar decrees and church canons, most of which he culled from numerous ninth and tenth-century Carolingian works. This work demonstrates the wide range of Wulfstan's reading and studies. He sometimes borrowed from this collection when he wrote his later works, especially the law codes of Æthelred. There are also a number of works which are associated with the archbishop, but whose authorship is unknown, such as the "Late Old English Handbook for the Use of a Confessor".

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Wulfstan’s style is highly admired by many sources, easily recognisable and exceptionally distinguished. "Much Wulfstan material is, more-over, attributed largely or even solely on the basis of his highly idiosyncratic prose style, in which strings of syntactically independent two-stress phrases are linked by complex patterns of alliteration and other kinds of sound play. Indeed, so idiosyncratic is Wulfstan’s style that he is even ready to rewrite minutely works prepared for him by Ǣlfric" (Blackwell, 495). From this identifiable style, 26 sermons can be attributed to Wulfstan, 22 of which are written in Old English, the others in Latin. However, it’s suspected that many anonymous materials are Wulfstan’s as well, and his handwriting has been found in many manuscripts, supplementing or correcting material (495). He wrote more than just sermons, including law-codes and sections of prose.

paragraph: Certainly he must have been a very talented writer, gaining a reputation of eloquence while he still lived in London (Bethurum, 58). In a letter to him, "the writer asks to be excused from translating something Wulfstan had asked him to render into English and pleads as an excuse his lack of ability in comparison with the bishop’s skill" (58). Similarly, "[o]ne early student of Wulfstan, Einenkel, and his latest editor, Jost, agree in thinking he wrote verse and not prose" (Continuations, 229). This suggests Wulfstan's writing is not only eloquent, but poetic, and among many of his rhetorical devices is marked rhythm (229). Taking a look at Wulfstan's actual manuscripts, presented by Volume 17 of Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile, it becomes apparent that his writing was exceptionally neat and well structured – even his notes in the margins are well organised and tidy, and his handwriting itself is ornate but readable.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pons-Sanz, Sara M. "Norse-Derived Vocabulary in Late Old English Texts: Wulfstan’s Works, a Case Study". North-Western European Language Evolution Supplement 22. University Press of Southern Denmark, 2007.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wulfstan's Eschatological Homilies

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sermo Lupi ad Anglos", translated by M. Bernstein from Manuscript I

description: Bishop of London; Bishop of Worcester; Archbishop of York

wikidata_label: Wulfstan

wikipedia_title: Wulfstan (died 1023)


text: Neubrandenburg

text: Lordship of Stargard

text: Wesenberg

text: Ulrich I

text: Swantibor III

text: Henry

text: Mecklenburg-Stargard

categories: 14th-century births,1420s deaths,Dukes of Mecklenburg,House of Mecklenburg,15th-century German people,Year of birth unknown,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard

paragraph: Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard (before 1400 – between 11 February 1421 and 4 October 1423) was Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard and Lord of Neubrandenburg, Lordship of Stargard, Strelitz and Wesenberg from 1417 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Ulrich I and his wife Margeret, the daughter of the Swantibor III of Pomerania-Stettin.

paragraph: Albert II was probably born before 1400 and ruled. When his father died in 1417, he and his younger brother Henry inherited the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Stargard. Since they were minors, they stood under guardianship.

paragraph: Albert is last mentioned as alive in a document dated 11 February 1421. In a document dated 4 October 1423, his younger brother is the sole Duke.

paragraph: Albert was not married and probably had no children.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical table of the House of Mecklenburg (size: 15,641 bytes)

description: Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard

wikidata_label: Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard

wikipedia_title: Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard


text:
Henry I
Westerburg
Reinhard
Catherine
Reinhard II, Count of Hanau
John I
Henry IV
John II
Henry III

categories: 1410 deaths,14th-century German people,Counts of Nassau,Year of birth unknown,House of Nassau,13th-century births,13th-century German people

paragraph: Henry II, Count of Nassau-Beilstein

paragraph: Henry II, Count of Nassau-Beilstein (died 1410) was the eldest son of Henry I and his wife, Imagina of Westerburg. He succeeded his father in 1388 as Count of Nassau-Beilstein and ruled jointly with his younger brother Reinhard.

paragraph: In 1383, Henry married Catherine of Randerode. They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine (d. 1459), married in 1407 to Reinhard II, Count of Hanau

paragraph: BULLET::::- John I (d. 1473). His son Henry IV was father of John II.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William (d. 1430)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry III (d. 1477)

description: Count of Nassau-Beilstein (1374-1412)

wikidata_label: Henry II of Nassau-Beilstein

wikipedia_title: Henry II, Count of Nassau-Beilstein


text: musicologist

text: Drachten

text: Master of Arts

text: Utrecht University

text: Jacob van Eyck

text: Concertgebouw

text: Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels

text: Izhar Elias

text: Antonio Vivaldi

text: Johann Sebastian Bach

text: Dallas Symphony Orchestra

text: Jaap van Zweden

text: Gordan Nikolić

text: Residentie Orchestra

text: Reinbert de Leeuw

text: Holland Symfonia

text: Thierry Fischer

text: Andreas Delfs

text: early

text: The Royal Wind Music

text: Dialogue de l'ombre double

text: Borletti-Buitoni Trust

text: Dutch Music Prize

text: Loevendie

text: Telemann

text: Ernst Reijseger

text: Telemann

text: Telemann

text: Ernst Reijseger

text: Werner Herzog

text: Willem Jeths

text: Telemann

text: Pierre Boulez

text: Dialogue de l'ombre double

text: Vivaldi

text: Yuri Honing

text: Bach

text: Vivaldi

text: Handel

text: Telemann

text: Van Eyck

text: Official website

text: Gramophone.co.uk

text: Ernst Reijseger

text: Family Romance, LLC

categories: Dutch classical musicians,1980 births,People from Drachten,Dutch recorder players,Living people

paragraph: Erik Bosgraaf

paragraph: Erik Bosgraaf (born May 9, 1980) is a Dutch recorder player and musicologist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bosgraaf was born in Drachten, Netherlands. He received his Master of Arts in musicology from Utrecht University in 2006. In 2007 Bosgraaf, under the supervision of musicologist Thiemo Wind, released a 3-CD-box with compositions of the Dutch composer Jacob van Eyck (1589–1657), a collection which attained unexpected commercial success and sold more than 25,000 copies. In the 2011–12 season he was nominated by Concertgebouw Amsterdam and the Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels, on behalf of the German ECHO music award organisation, to take part in the Rising Stars series for a tour of the most important concert halls in Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Career as musician.

paragraph: Section::::Career as musician.:Ensemble Cordevento.

paragraph: In 2005 Bosgraaf, guitarist Izhar Elias and Italian harpsichord player Alessandro Pianu founded the ensemble Cordevento. The trio at first focused mainly on 17th-century music, then, under the same name Cordevento, the ensemble from 2008 also works as a small baroque orchestra in single strength. In this broad formation the ensemble mainly aims at 18th-century repertoire. The first CD, featuring recorder concertos by Antonio Vivaldi, was released in 2009. A CD featuring recorder transcriptions of concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach was released in 2011, and an album title "La Monarcha" was released in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Career as musician.:As a soloist with orchestras.

paragraph: Beside his activities in chamber music Bosgraaf frequents the orchestral stage with symphony and chamber orchestras. He has worked with the Dallas Symphony Orchestra (Jaap van Zweden), Netherlands Kamerorkest (Gordan Nikolić), Residentie Orchestra (Reinbert de Leeuw), Holland Symfonia (Otto Tausk), The North-Netherlands Orchestra (Johannes Leertouwer), Dutch Radio Chamber Philharmonic, (Thierry Fischer Andreas Delfs) and Sinfonia Rotterdam (Alessandro Crudele). He often plays a mixture of early and more recent music with these orchestras. He has also performed with The Royal Wind Music. Bosgraaf made a transcription of Pierre Boulez' "Dialogue de l'ombre double" which was authorized by the composer. It was released in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Musical awards.

paragraph: In 2009 Bosgraaf received a Borletti-Buitoni Trust Award which enabled him amongst others to purchase a set of special recorders. In 2009 Erik and Izhar were awarded the Amsterdam Canal Festival Award. In 2011 Erik Bosgraaf received the most prestigious Dutch Music Prize, the highest national prize for music. He was also awarded the 'Golden Violin' Prize, a prize given triennially to a classical artist who has made outstanding contributions to the classical music scene of the northern Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Loevendie and Bosgraaf: Nachklang - Reflex - Dance - Improvisations (Brilliant Classics 95906), 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- Telemann: The Trio Sonatas for Recorder, Violin & Basso Continuo (Berlin Classics 0301006BC), 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst Reijseger: Walking Out, soundtrack for the movie by Andrew & Alex Smith (Winter & Winter), 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Telemann: The Double Concertos with Recorder, Cordevento (Brilliant Classics 95249), 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Telemann: Complete Suites and Concertos for Recorder, Cordevento (Brilliant Classics 95248), 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernst Reijseger: Salt & Fire, soundtrack for the movie by Werner Herzog (Winter & Winter, 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Willem Jeths: Recorder Concerto (Challenge Records CC 72693), 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Telemann: The Recorder Sonatas (Brilliant Classics 95247), 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre Boulez, Tamminga/Bosgraaf: Dialogues, "Dialogue de l'ombre double" (Brilliant Classics 94842), 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivaldi: The Four Seasons, Cordevento (Brilliant Classics 94637), 2013, re-release on LP 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hotel Terminus, met Saxophonist Yuri Honing (Brilliant Classics 9418), 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Monarcha, 17th century music from the Spanish territories, Cordevento (Brilliant Classics, 94252), 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bach: Concerti, Cordevento (Brilliant Classics 94296), 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivaldi: Recorder Concertos, Cordevento (Brilliant Classics 93804), 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Handel: The Recorder Sonatas (Brilliant Classics 93792), 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Telemann: Twelve Fantasias, Bach: Partita (Brilliant Classics 93757), 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Van Eyck: Der Fluyten Lust-hof (3-CD-set, Brilliant Classics 93391), 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Big Eye, movies & music (CD & DVD, Phenom Records PH0713), 2007

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gramophone.co.uk

paragraph: Appearance in film music by Ernst Reijseger:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner Herzog: Salt_and_Fire (premiered in Shanghai, 2016): https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4441150/

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alex & Andrew Smith: Walking_Out (2017): https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5420886/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner Herzog: Nomad: in the footsteps of Bruce Chatwin (premiered in New York, 2019): https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10011296/?ref_=nv_sr_1?ref_=nv_sr_1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner Herzog: Family Romance, LLC (premiered in Cannes, 2019): https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10208194/

description: musician

wikidata_label: Erik Bosgraaf

wikipedia_title: Erik Bosgraaf


text:
Cuba
baseball
shortstop
manager
Cuban League
Negro leagues
Almendares
Azul
Club Fé
Habana
Cuban House of David
New York Cubans
Cuban Stars (East)
Negro National League
Hilldale Club
Cuban Stars (East)
House of David
Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame
Pittsburgh Courier

categories: Cuban baseball players,Cuban League players,Santa Marta (baseball club) players,Azul (baseball) players,Habana players,Cuban House of David players,Club Fé players,Almendares (baseball) players,Negro league baseball managers,1888 births,Year of death missing

paragraph: Pelayo Chacón

paragraph: Pelayo "Cortina" Chacón (September 22, 1888 – ?) was a Cuban baseball shortstop and manager in the Cuban League and Negro leagues.

paragraph: Nicknamed "Cortina" or "The Curtain" he played from the age of 19, from 1908 to 1931 with several clubs, including Almendares, Azul, Club Fé, Habana, Cuban House of David, the New York Cubans, and the Cuban Stars (East). Chacón also managed the New York Cubans from 1916 to 1919 where he also played shortstop.

paragraph: When the Negro National League formed in 1920, Chacón played for the Hilldale Club, then moved to the Cuban Stars (East) where he played most of the rest of his career.

paragraph: It appears he played his final games at the age of 42 for the Cuban House of David baseball team.

paragraph: He was elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1949.

paragraph: Moore received votes listing him on the 1952 "Pittsburgh Courier" player-voted poll of the Negro Leagues' best players ever.

description: Negro League Baseball player

wikidata_label: Pelayo Chacón

wikipedia_title: Pelayo Chacón


text: 1951 World Wrestling Championships

categories: Wrestlers at the 1956 Summer Olympics,Olympic silver medalists for Iran,1930 births,Olympic wrestlers of Iran,Wrestlers at the 1952 Summer Olympics,Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics,Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Iranian male sport wrestlers,Olympic medalists in wrestling,Living people,People from Qazvin

paragraph: Mehdi Yaghoubi

paragraph: Mohammad Mehdi Yaghoubi (; born 2 April 1930) is a retired Iranian bantamweight freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympics and won a silver medal in 1956. He also won a bronze medal at the 1951 World Wrestling Championships and placed fifth in 1954.

paragraph: Yaghoubi had four brothers and four sisters. He quit school at the age of 15 to make free time for work and sport.

description: Olympic wrestler

wikidata_label: Mehdi Yaghoubi

wikipedia_title: Mehdi Yaghoubi


text:
Fall River, Kansas
Seal Beach, California
shortstop
Chicago White Sox

categories: Toledo Mud Hens players,Minor league baseball managers,Oakland Oaks (baseball) players,Wichita Jobbers players,Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players,Denver Bears players,Lincoln Links players,1893 births,Major League Baseball coaches,Major League Baseball shortstops,People from Greenwood County, Kansas,Chicago White Sox coaches,St. Louis Cardinals players,1967 deaths,Chicago Cubs players,Wichita Izzies players,Brooklyn Robins players,Baseball players from Kansas,Wichita Witches players,Salt Lake Bees players,Des Moines Demons players,Tacoma Tigers players,Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players

paragraph: Johnny Butler

paragraph: John Stephen Butler (March 20, 1893 in Fall River, Kansas – April 29, 1967 in Seal Beach, California), was a professional baseball player who played shortstop from 1926 to 1929.

paragraph: After his playing career ended, he was a coach for the Chicago White Sox in 1932 and managed in minor league baseball in 1931, 1933 and 1935.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Johnny Butler

wikipedia_title: Johnny Butler


text: Turkish

text: Arabic

text: Iranian

text: Ottoman Turkish

text: Muslim

text: Jelveti

text: Sufi

text: mystical experience

text: esoteric interpretation of the Quran

text: poet

text: musical composer

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Turkey

text: revered

text: saint

text: Anatolia

text: literary

text: Turkish language

text: author

text: Translation

text: English-speaking world

text: Shah

text: Aytos

text: Thrace

text: Aksaray, Istanbul

text: Osman Fazli

text: Edirne

text: Istanbul

text: Osman Fazli

text: Sheykh

text: Jelveti

text: initiated

text: Attar

text: Rumi

text: Ḥāfiẓ

text: Jami

text: Islamic calligraphy

text: Hudāyī

text: dervish

text: Skopje

text: Macedonia

text: ṭarīqah

text: monastery

text: philosophy

text: sermon

text: Osman Fazli

text: censure

text: antagonist

text: Strumica

text: Ankara

text: Mathnawi

text: suffix

text: Hâlvetî

text: Üsküdar

text: Bursa

text: Anatolia

text: Somuncu Baba

text: Haji Bayram

text: Battle of Vienna

text: Holy League

text: Balkans

text: Mustafa II

text: Habsburg Empire

text: Ottoman decline paradigm

text: Hajj

text: Mecca

text: caravan

text: Bedouin

text: brigand

text: Damascus

text: Damascus

text: Üsküdar

text: fanatical

text: revered

text: literary

text: Turkish language

text: Islamic sciences

text: Sufism, Tasawuf

text: Islamic philosophy

text: morality

text: tefsir

text: Yunus Emre

text: esoteric interpretation of the Quran

text: Ibn Arabi

text: Al-Ghazali

text: Persian poetic

text: Bulaq

text: commentary

text: Istanbul

text: Oxford

text: Cheltenham

text: ʿAṭṭār’

text: Cairo

text: Najmuddin Kubra

text: Ibn 'Arabi

text: Mahmud Hudayi

text: Halveti

text: Niyazi al-Misri

text: TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi

text: İsmâil Hakkı Bursevî (images)

text: İsmâil Hakkı Bursevî (text)

text: Mahmud Hudayi

text: Volume II, (1806)

text: Supplement II (1909)

categories: 17th-century Muslim scholars of Islam,1653 births,Composers of Ottoman classical music,1725 deaths,Ottoman Sufis,Composers of Turkish makam music

paragraph: Ismail Hakki Bursevi

paragraph: İsmail Hakkı Bursevî, Ismāʿīl Ḥaḳḳī al-Brūsawī, (Turkish: Bursalı İsmail Hakkı, Arabic: إسماعيل حقي البروسوي، Iranian: Esmã’īl Ḥaqqī Borsavī) was a 17th-century Ottoman Turkish Muslim scholar, a Jelveti Sufi author on mystical experience and the esoteric interpretation of the Quran; also a poet and musical composer. İsmail Hakkı Bursevî influenced many parts the Ottoman Empire but primarily Turkey. To this day he is revered as one of the ‘Büyükler’, the great saints of Anatolia. He is regarded as an eminent literary figure in the Turkish language, having authored more than a hundred works. Translations of some of his works are now available for the English-speaking world.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: İsmail Hakkı was the son of Muṣṭafā, who was in turn son of Bayram Čawush, who was in turn son of Shah Ḵhudā-bende.

paragraph: İsmail Hakkı was born in 1652 or 1653 in Aytos, Thrace although his parents came from Aksaray, Istanbul. His mother died when he was aged seven and on the suggestion of Shaykh Osman Fazli he was sent to c.1663 Edirne (Adrinaople), to receive traditional education under the scholar ʿAbd-al-Baki, a relative of the Shaykh

paragraph: In 1673, age 21, he went to Istanbul to the public classes of Osman Fazli, the head Sheykh, of the Jelveti (Djilwatiyya) order, who initiated him into that discipline. İsmail Hakkı also attended the lectures of other scholars, learnt Persian to study Attar, Rumi, Ḥāfiẓ and Jami. He also studied Islamic calligraphy and music and set to music many hymns of the 17th century mystic Hudāyī, founder of the Jelveti order.

paragraph: In 1675, age 23, Osman Fazli sent him, with three assistant dervishes, to Skopje (Üsküb), Macedonia, to establish a ṭarīqah (a monastery)for teaching Jelveti philosophy). Some welcomed them and İsmail Hakkı married the daughter of Sheikh Muṣṭafā ʿUshshāḳī. Encouraged by his master’s letters he wrote his most brilliant sermons. However he offended the townsfolk by overly-berating them for what he considered loose behaviour. Despite Osman Fazli explaining to him that censure was not the Jelveti way he did not rein in his zeal and his antagonists forced them to leave, which greatly displeased his wife, it being her home town.

paragraph: In 1682 he was invited to Strumica, Macedonia to teach public classes. He also wrote books.

paragraph: So as not to be confused with the author Ismail Hakki Ankaravi, a famous commentator on the Mathnawi, he came to be always given a suffix, such as Hâlvetî, Bursevi, or Üsküdari

paragraph: Amongst Sufis Bursa in Anatolia was first made famous by the 14th century Shāikhs Somuncu Baba and Haji Bayram, but in 1685 the then Sheykh of Bursa died and Fasli appointed Ismail Hakki as the new Sheykh. Unfortunately his first years in Bursa coincided with the difficult period after the Ottoman Empire' disastrous loss at the Battle of Vienna and the Holy League's invasion of the Ottoman Balkans, so the economy was in abject misery and Ismāʿīl Ḥaḳḳī had to sell his books to survive.

paragraph: 1690 he journeyed to Cyprus to visit his master Osman Farsli who was in exile for his insistent criticism of Ottoman foreign policy, and on his death Ismail Hakki succeeded him as the head of the order.

paragraph: In 1695–1697 Sultan Mustafa II requested Ismail Hakki accompany his military campaigns against the Habsburg Empire. Ismail Hakki was in several battles until severely wounded. Osman Farsli foresaw the end of the Ottoman line and Bursevi defined the reason for its decline as the estrangement of spiritual and political powers, represented in his discourses by the Sheikh and the Sultan, thus formulating a Sufi interpretation of the Ottoman decline paradigm.

paragraph: In 1700 Ismail Hakki performed the Hajj, the pilgrimage, but on returning from Mecca the caravan was slaughtered by Bedouin brigands. Ismail was left to die but managed to reach Damascus.

paragraph: In 1700 he returned to Bursa

paragraph: In 1717 he returned to Damascus and wrote twelve more books

paragraph: In 1720 he returned to Üsküdar, the Anatolian part of Istanbul, where he began teaching again. However he was twice attacked by fanatical mobs and decided to return to Bursa.

paragraph: In 1722, at Bursa he bequeathed his books to public libraries, left all his money for the construction of a small mosque and entered into retreat. That mosque is now within the Ismail Hakki Kur’an Kursu.

paragraph: In July 1724 or 1725 he died in serenity. His tomb is at the rear of the same mosque.

paragraph: Section::::Major Works.

paragraph: İsmail Hakkı was one of the most prolific Ottoman scholars, with 106 books and pamphlets: 46 in Arabic. and 60 in Turkish To this day he is revered as an eminent literary figure in the Turkish language. He wrote on Islamic sciences, Sufism, Tasawuf, Islamic philosophy, morality and tefsir in a style avoiding the flowery style of many contemporaries, resembling the style of Yunus Emre.

paragraph: The most famous of his published works are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rūḥ al-bayān (the Spirit of Elucidation), a voluminous esoteric interpretation of the Quran, combining the ideas of the author, Ibn Arabi and Al-Ghazali, written in a Persian poetic form. (4,637 page, 4 vols. Bulaq, 1859)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rūḥ al-Maṯnawī, a commentary on verses of the Maṯnawī (Istanbul, 1870–1872)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A commentary on the Fusus al-Hikam by Ibn 'Arabi, translated into English (Oxford, 1985–1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lübb’ül-Lüb (Kernel of the Kernel), translated into English (Cheltenham, 1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Šarḥ-e pand-nāma-ye ʿAṭṭār, a translation of ʿAṭṭār’s Pand-nāma (Istanbul, 1772)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Šarḥ-e Būstān; and a dīvān in Turkish (Cairo, 1841)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commentary on Najmuddin Kubra's al-Oṣūl al-ʿašara (Istanbul, 1874)

paragraph: Section::::Teachings.

paragraph: As a Sufi of Jelveti order, Ismail Hakki Bursevi put all his energy and resilience into being of ‘bearer of light’.

paragraph: The plaque on his tomb says:

paragraph: Section::::Footnote.

paragraph: "Ahmad's Sharia," on the plaque on his tomb, refers to the Anatolian reformer, Ahmad al-Rumi al-Aqhisari (d. 1632) who, confident in the ability of the Shari’a to bring about a just order, called "for its implementation as a way to curb the despotism and injustice of sultans and cadis. A barrier against tyranny..."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ibn 'Arabi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahmud Hudayi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Halveti

paragraph: BULLET::::- Niyazi al-Misri

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of composers of classical Turkish music

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Turkish academic encyclopedia for Islamic studies), (in Turkish) İsmâil Hakkı Bursevî (images) or İsmâil Hakkı Bursevî (text), accessdate 19 Nov 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Namli, Ali, Dr. (in Turkish) İsmâil Hakkı Bursevî’nin Hüdâyî’ye Bakışı Ve Hüdâyî’nin Bursevî’ye Tesirleri (Bursevî’s views on Mahmud Hudayi and Huday's effect on Bursevi.) May download as pdf, accessdate 19 Nov 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brockelmann, Carl. (in German) Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur, Kapitel Rūmtürken und Osmanen, 6 Die Mystik (History of Arabic Literature; chapter Turkish and Ottoman, section Mystics) Volume II, (1806) and Supplement II (1909) Brill Academic Publishers. Viewing fee, accessdate 7 Nov 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Library of Congress İsmail Hakkı, Bursalı, 1653–1724 or 1725 access date 15 Dec 2016

alias:
Ismāʻīl Ḥaqqī
Ismail Hakkı Bursevi

description: Ottoman era Turkish composer and mystic

wikidata_label: İsmail Hakkı Bursevî

wikipedia_title: Ismail Hakki Bursevi


text:
American football
long snapper
Green Bay Packers
National Football League
Mississippi State
2018 NFL Draft
Green Bay Packers
2018 NFL Draft
Lerentee McCray
Buffalo Bills

categories: Green Bay Packers players,Mississippi State Bulldogs football players,People from Collierville, Tennessee,Living people,Players of American football from Tennessee,1994 births,American football long snappers

paragraph: Hunter Bradley (American football)

paragraph: Hunter Austin Bradley (born May 21, 1994) is an American football long snapper for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Mississippi State. He was selected 239th overall in the seventh round of the 2018 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Bradley began his MSU career in 2012 as a tight end but multiple knee surgeries forced him into a long snapping role, which he took over as a starter in 2015. The 6-foot-3, 240-pounder from Collierville, Tennessee was perfect through 41 career games and also collected four tackles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Bradley was selected by the Green Bay Packers with the 239th overall pick in the seventh round of the 2018 NFL Draft. This made Bradley only the ninth long snapper ever drafted in the NFL Draft. The Packers originally acquired the pick used to select Bradley by trading Lerentee McCray to the Buffalo Bills. On May 4, 2018, he signed a contract with the Packers.

description: American-football player (1994-)

wikidata_label: Hunter Bradley

wikipedia_title: Hunter Bradley (American football)


text:
American football
linebacker
Atlanta Falcons
National Football League
Yale
2018 NFL Draft
Clayton, Missouri
John Burroughs school
Ezekiel Elliott
college football
Yale
2018 NFL Draft
NFL Scouting Combine
Kansas City Chiefs
Arizona Cardinals
Indianapolis Colts
Atlanta Falcons
2018 NFL Draft
NFL Draft
Shane Bannon
2011
$
contract
signing bonus
Duke Riley
Dan Quinn
Deion Jones
Atlanta Falcons’
Philadelphia Eagles
Pittsburgh Steelers
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2018
Pro Football Focus
Nigeria
Atlanta Falcons bio
Yale Bulldogs bio

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,Players of American football from Missouri,Living people,1995 births,American football linebackers,American football safeties,Yale Bulldogs football players,Sportspeople from St. Louis

paragraph: Foyesade Oluokun

paragraph: Foyesade Oluokun (born August 2, 1995) is an American football linebacker for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Yale, and was drafted by the Falcons in the sixth round of the 2018 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Foye attended Forsyth School an elementary school in Clayton, Missouri. Where he played basketball, soccer and other outdoor activities. Oluokun then began his football career at John Burroughs school. He partnered with Cowboys running Back Ezekiel Elliott and Indiana State star Jake Bain.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Oluokun began his college football career at Yale. He declared for the 2018 NFL Draft following the 2017 season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Oluokun did not receive an invitation to the NFL Scouting Combine. On March 8, 2018, Oluokun participated at a Pro Day held at Yale and completed all of the combine drills. Oluokun’s time of 4.48 in the 40-yard dash would’ve finished sixth among all linebackers at the combine and his time of 4.12 in the short shuttle would’ve been the second best time of all linebackers. Oluokun attended pre-draft visits with multiple teams, including the Kansas City Chiefs, Arizona Cardinals, and Indianapolis Colts. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Oluokun was projected to be a seventh round pick by the majority of NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the 20th best linebacker in the draft by DraftScout.com.

paragraph: The Atlanta Falcons selected Oluokun in the sixth round (200th overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft. Oluokun was the 27th linebacker drafted in 2018. Oluokun became the first Yale player to be selected in the NFL Draft since Shane Bannon in 2011. He also became only the 44th player to be drafted from Yale since 1936.

paragraph: On May 9, 2018, the Atlanta Falcons signed Oluokun to a four-year, $2.60 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $146,629.

paragraph: Oluokun entered training camp slated as a backup linebacker and special teams player. He had immediate success after impressing coaches with his athleticism and tackling ability during camp and began competing against Duke Riley to be the starting weakside linebacker. Head coach Dan Quinn named Oluokun a backup middle linebacker, behind Deion Jones, to begin the regular season.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut in the Atlanta Falcons’ season-opener at the Philadelphia Eagles and made one tackle during their 18–12 loss. On October 7, 2018, Oluokun earned his first career start and recorded five combined tackles as the Falcons lost 41–17 at the Pittsburgh Steelers in Week 5. In Week 6, he collected a season-high ten combined tackles (seven solo) during a 34–29 victory against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He finished his rookie season in 2018 with 91 combined tackles (56 solo), one pass deflection, and one forced fumble in 16 games and seven starts. He received an overall grade of 64.6 from Pro Football Focus, which ranked 46th among all qualifying linebackers in 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: The son of immigrants, he is of Nigerian descent.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atlanta Falcons bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yale Bulldogs bio

description: American-football player (1995-)

wikidata_label: Foyesade Oluokun

wikipedia_title: Foyesade Oluokun


text:
Kumyk
the Caucasian War
Yermolov's

categories: 19th-century deaths,Year of death unknown,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Uchar-hadji

paragraph: Uchar Hadji (Otshar Yaqub from Aksay) was, according to Caucasian War historians and sources as well as the modern ones, a Kumyk elderman, who killed two Russian generals at once.

paragraph: Section::::Events in Gerzel aul in 1925.

paragraph: In the summer of 1825, during the Caucasian War two promising Russian generals Grekov and Lisanevich gathered more than 300 elderman of the formally subject to Russian Empire Kumyk village of Aksay, in the fortress of Gerzel-Aul. The aim was to impose penalties for the Aksay Kumyks' support to Chechen rebels, and Yermolov's intention was also to force Aksay people to stop any relations with Chechens. When eldermen were gathered Russian generals started insulting them, in return Uchar-haji stabbed both generals with his dagger. A fierce melee started immediately and ended with all Kumyks dead. In retribution, Aksay was destroyed by Russian forces and it was forbidden for the Kumyks to ever resettle on their lands again.

paragraph: Section::::Descent.

paragraph: Some modern scholarship, especially Chechen, tend to name Ochar as Chechen. It might be the case, considering that in the beginning of the 19th century the Chechens were actively moving to Aksay and even, according to Yermolov, comprised the half of its population. However it contradicts other 19th century sources stating that Ochar Yaqub was of the old Aksay sala-uzden family, while sala-uzden nobility class was inherent only in Kumyk social structure.

wikidata_label: Uchar-Khadzhi

wikipedia_title: Uchar-hadji


text:
Spanish
sonnet
bilingual
Spanish
Italian
Alcalá de Henares
humanist
Ambrosio Morales
Italy
Siena
Tomás Perrenot de Granvela
Antonio Pimentel de Herrera
Carlos de Aragón Tagliavia
Miguel de Cervantes
La Galatea
Lisbon

categories: Spanish Renaissance humanists,16th-century Spanish poets,Spanish male poets,People from Alcalá de Henares,1580s deaths,1530s births

paragraph: Francisco de Figueroa (poet)

paragraph: Francisco de Figueroa ( – ) was a Spanish poet best known for his love sonnets and his bilingual compositions in Spanish and Italian. Born in Alcalá de Henares, Figueroa spent his early years in Alcala, studying under Spanish humanist Ambrosio Morales, and traveled to Italy at an early age (we find him in Siena in 1552).

paragraph: For much of his life, Figueroa served as an aide to Spanish diplomats; for example, to the Spanish ambassador to France, Tomás Perrenot de Granvela (1559–1561); Antonio Pimentel de Herrera, 6th Count of Benavente, Viceroy of Valencia (); and Carlos de Aragón Tagliavia, Duke of Terranova, Prínce of Castelvetrano (1578–1579).

paragraph: In the late 1570s or early 1580s, Figueroa seems to have retired to Alcala. His friend Miguel de Cervantes includes him as a character in his pastoral novel "La Galatea". Figueroa's works were published posthumously by Pedro Craesbeeck in Lisbon in 1625.

description: Spanish writer

wikidata_label: Francisco de Figueroa

wikipedia_title: Francisco de Figueroa (poet)


text: martyr

text: Christian

text: Pope Damasus I

text: deacon

text: Saint Stephen

text: stoned

text: Blessed Sacrament

text: acolyte

text: Emperor Valerian

text: Eucharist

text: Catacombs of San Callisto

text: relic

text: San Silvestro in Capite

text: Rome

text: feast day

text: Feast of the Assumption

text: General Roman Calendar

text: Roman Martyrology

text: altar server

text: first communicants

text: Cardinal

text: Nicholas Wiseman

text: Fabiola, or the Church in the Catacombs

text: municipality of Saint-Tharcisius

text: Quebec

text: Canada

text: bell

text: Stephansdom

text: Vienna

text: José Sánchez del Río

text: protomartyr

text: Acts of the Apostles

text: San Tarsicio

text: San Tarcisio

categories: Christian child saints,3rd-century Christian martyrs

paragraph: Tarcisius

paragraph: Tarsicius or Tarcisius was a martyr of the early Christian church who lived in the 3rd century. The little that is known about him comes from a metrical inscription by Pope Damasus I, who was pope in the second half of the 4th century.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: The only positive information concerning this Roman martyr is found in a poem composed in his honour by Pope Damasus (366–384), who compares him to the deacon Saint Stephen and says that, as Stephen was stoned by a crowd, so Tarcisius, carrying the Blessed Sacrament, was attacked by a group and beaten to death.

paragraph: Nothing else definite is known concerning Tarcisius. Since Damasus compares him to Stephen, he may have been a deacon; however, a 6th-century account makes him an acolyte. According to one version of the detailed legend that developed later, Tarsicius was a young boy during one of the fierce 3rd-century Roman persecutions, probably during the reign of Emperor Valerian (253–259). One day, he was entrusted with the task of bringing the Eucharist to condemned Christians in prison. He preferred death at the hands of a mob rather than deliver to them the Blessed Sacrament which he was carrying.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: He was originally buried in the Catacombs of San Callisto and the inscription by Damasus was placed later on his tomb. Some time later his relics were moved to the San Silvestro in Capite church in Rome. His feast day is celebrated on 15 August; that day is widely observed as the Feast of the Assumption, therefore he is not mentioned in the General Roman Calendar, but only in the Roman Martyrology.

paragraph: Section::::Patronage.

paragraph: He is the patron saint of altar servers and first communicants.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: His story was greatly expanded by Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman, who portrays him as a young acolyte in his novel "Fabiola, or the Church in the Catacombs".

paragraph: The municipality of Saint-Tharcisius in Quebec, Canada, is named after him, as well as a 35 kilogram (77 lb) bell in the Stephansdom in Vienna, Austria.

paragraph: Saint José Sánchez del Río was nicknamed "Tarcisius".

paragraph: Section::::Poem by Damasus.

paragraph: The first five lines say that both Stephen (the protomartyr) and Tarsicius are equal in merit, and Stephen's death (as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles) is retold poetically. The last four lines can be translated as:

paragraph: "When an insane gang pressed saintly Tarsicius, who was carrying the sacraments of Christ, to display them to the profane, he preferred to be killed and give up his life rather than betray to rabid dogs the heavenly body."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Tarsicio

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Tarcisio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pope Benedict XVI, General Audience, August 4, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "True Stories for First Communicants", Neumann Press, (1919)

description: Child saint

wikidata_label: Tarcisius

wikipedia_title: Tarcisius


text:
Canadian
ice hockey
Anaheim Ducks
St. Louis Blues
National Hockey League
defence
forward
Strathroy Rockets
Aylmer Aces
Western Ontario Junior Hockey League
Colgate University
Brian Campbell
free agent
2000
Jamie Storr
Los Angeles Kings
World Championships
Concussion
Stanley Cup
2003
2004–05 lockout
Deutsche Eishockey Liga
Marco Sturm
Jamie Langenbrunner
Aaron Ward
Detroit Red Wings
Henrik Zetterberg
Dylan Larkin
Stanley Cup
Ottawa Senators
Stanley Cup
Scott Niedermayer
St. Louis Blues
Doug Weight
Montreal Canadiens

categories: Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players,Stanley Cup champions,Colgate Raiders men's ice hockey players,People from Strathroy-Caradoc,St. Louis Blues players,ERC Ingolstadt players,Cincinnati Mighty Ducks players,Ice hockey people from Ontario,Undrafted National Hockey League players,1977 births,National Hockey League All-Stars,Canadian ice hockey forwards,Anaheim Ducks players,Living people

paragraph: Andy McDonald (ice hockey)

paragraph: Andy McDonald (born August 25, 1977) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played for the Anaheim Ducks and the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL), winning the Stanley Cup with Anaheim in 2007.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: McDonald was first coached by his father, who originally had him play defence, but moved him to forward when it became evident he would be too small to make a career as a defenceman. He played in the Strathroy & District Minor Hockey Association and moved onto the Elgin-Middlesex Chiefs AAA team.

paragraph: Andy played Junior B hockey for the Strathroy Rockets. In 1994–1995, he was named the Rockets Most Valuable Player and had the best plus-minus as a forward. From the OHA he received Eastern Division MVP, League MVP, and the OHA Player of the Year. In 1995–1996, he again had the best plus-minus as a forward, was Rocket Player of the Year, MVP, and Playoff MVP. He also received the Eastern Division MVP, League MVP, and League Player of the Year that season. In the playoffs Andy scored the game-winning goal in overtime of game six against the Aylmer Aces that gave the Rockets a huge upset win and their first playoff series win in 19 years.

paragraph: After being spotted playing in the Western Ontario Junior Hockey League by Stan Moore and Chris Wells, Andy spent four years with a full scholarship at Colgate University alongside fellow Strathroy native Darryl Campbell, the older brother of NHL defenseman Brian Campbell. He led the Division I Red Raiders, culminating his career there with an ECAC scoring championship, being named the ECAC Player of the Year, being selected for the ECAC All-Star Team and was a finalist for the coveted Hobey Baker Award and an All-American. He graduated with a degree in International Relations.

paragraph: He went undrafted and was signed as a free agent by Anaheim in 2000. On December 3, 2000, he scored his first NHL goal against Jamie Storr of the Los Angeles Kings. McDonald represented Team Canada at the 2002 World Championships in Sweden, where he led the team in goals and points.

paragraph: Concussion problems plagued his first three seasons with the Ducks, and he was forced to sit and watch when the team made a run at the Stanley Cup in 2003.

paragraph: McDonald spent the 2004–05 lockout season playing overseas in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga with team ERC Ingolstadt, along with fellow NHLers Marco Sturm, Jamie Langenbrunner, and Aaron Ward.

paragraph: On January 19, 2007, McDonald was selected to play in his first NHL All-Star game, replacing Detroit Red Wings forward Henrik Zetterberg who was injured. During the skills competition, McDonald won the fastest skater challenge, finishing with a time of 14.03 seconds (Dylan Larkin holds the record of 13.172).

paragraph: On June 4, 2007, during game four of the Stanley Cup finals against the Ottawa Senators, McDonald contributed on all 3 of the Ducks goals, scoring two goals and an assist, en route to a 3–2 victory. McDonald was named the first star of the game on the official scoresheet. He finished with five goals in the series as the Ducks won the Stanley Cup in five games.

paragraph: On December 14, 2007, in order for the Anaheim Ducks to free up salary cap space for Scott Niedermayer, McDonald was traded to the St. Louis Blues for Doug Weight.

paragraph: McDonald fractured his leg in a game against the Montreal Canadiens on November 16, 2008. Despite this McDonald later returned and in February 2009, he signed a four-year extension with the Blues.

paragraph: McDonald announced his retirement on June 6, 2013, citing concussion issues as the main reason for his decision.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: McDonald and his wife Gina have two children together, a son and a daughter.

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Andy McDonald

wikipedia_title: Andy McDonald (ice hockey)


text:
Scottish
whisky
Edinburgh
North British Distillery
Crabbie's Green Ginger
Vat 69
Usher Hall
St Abbs
the Grange Cemetery, Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh

categories: Scottish businesspeople,1826 births,19th-century Scottish people,Blended Scotch whisky,Scottish philanthropists,People associated with Edinburgh,1898 deaths

paragraph: Andrew Usher

paragraph: Andrew Usher II (5 January 1826 – 1 November 1898) was a successful Scottish whisky distiller and blender.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: His father, whose name he shared, Andrew Usher (1782 – 1855), was a prominent Scottish brewer who had experimented with the blending of whisky in the 1840s. He had two sons, Andrew II and John. Andrew Usher II was made a partner of Andrew Usher & Co of Edinburgh in the late 1840s. Andrew Usher II perfected the eventual blending of whisky and as such is sometimes called the 'father of Scottish whisky'. The subsequent blending and mass distillation enabled whisky to grow from a drink rarely consumed outside the United Kingdom, to be one of mass export.

paragraph: Andrew Usher II was one of the three founders of the North British Distillery; the other two were John Crabbie of Crabbie's Green Ginger and William Sanderson, whisky blender of Vat 69, who both served as Directors of the NB distillery. Andrew Usher II was the first Chairman of the NB Distillery, serving from the start in 1885 until shortly before his death on 1 November 1898. Andrew Usher II and his brother John Usher, as partners in Andrew Usher & Co, were also the proprietors of the Edinburgh Distillery.

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.

paragraph: Among his many bequests to Edinburgh and Scotland was Usher Hall, which became Scotland's premier concert hall. It is recorded that he donated £100,000 to the city specifically to fund the new concert hall on 23 June 1896. A bust of Andrew Usher is located in the hall at the entrance to the Grand Circle. He died before the hall was completed and it was subsequently opened by his widows.

paragraph: Usher also played a major role in improving the fishing village and harbour of St Abbs in Berwickshire. He purchased the Northfield estate on the edge of the village, enlarging and finishing the building of a countryside manor by the coastal shore in 1892. He considered the local public hall inadequate and subsequently funded a new village hall and school, which was constructed in 1887 and is now occupied by the St Abbs visitor centre. Usher also gave funds for the building of the local church in 1892 and the extension of the outer harbour wall in 1890.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He is buried in the Grange Cemetery, Edinburgh with his first wife, Elizabeth Langmuir Miller (1826-1876); his second wife, Marion Blackwood Murray (1847-1925) and several of their children. The large monument lies in the south-west corner of the original cemetery, adjacent to the opening to the western extension.

paragraph: His city centre family house is now a converted pub (named the Pear Tree and Andrew Usher & Co) located near the University of Edinburgh.

description: Scottish whisky distiller and blender

wikidata_label: Andrew Usher

wikipedia_title: Andrew Usher


text:
Greek Muslim
Sanjak of Smederevo
Serbia
Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791)
Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
Kuchuk Alija
dahije
Greek Muslim
hajji
Mecca
Medina
Bektashi Order
Austro-Turkish War (1787–91)
Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)
Vizier
Belgrade Pashaluk
Peter Ichko
masonic lodge
Selim III
firman
Selim III
Janissaries
Osman Pazvantoğlu
Selim III
Sanjak of Vidin
Sanjak of Smederevo
Osman Pazvantoğlu
Selim III
Stanko Arambašić
beglerbeg
Rumelia Eyalet
Plovdiv
Valjevo
Aleksa Nenadović
Ilija Birčanin
Nikola Grbović
Smederevo
Ilija Birčanin
Smederevo
Sanjak of Smederevo
Belgrade
Šabac

categories: Ottoman Serbia,Pashas,People of the Ottoman Empire of Greek descent,Civil servants of the Ottoman Empire,1801 deaths,1733 births,18th-century Ottoman military personnel

paragraph: Hadji Mustafa Pasha

paragraph: Hadji Mustafa Pasha (, Хаџи Мустафа-паша, ; 1733—15 December 1801) was an Ottoman commander and politician of Greek Muslim origin who lived in Sanjak of Smederevo (in modern-day Serbia). He fought in the Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791) and the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). In the period between 1793 and 1801 he was Vizier of the Sanjak of Smederevo (also known as "Belgrade Pashaluk"). On 15 December 1801 he was murdered by Kuchuk Alija, one of four rebel Janissary leaders (dahije) who took control over the sanjak.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in 1733, of Greek Muslim origin, he was surnamed Şinikoğlu (). As "hajji", he carried out a pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, and was also a member of the Bektashi Order. He was among the notable Ottomans who had fought during the Austro-Turkish War (1787–91) and the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74).

paragraph: Mustafa Pasha was the main government architect ("bina emin") in the Pashalik of Belgrade before he became Vizier of the Belgrade Pashaluk in July 1793. He closely collaborated with Peter Ichko and according to some sources both of them were members of one masonic lodge. As a friend of the Serb people, he was nicknamed the "Serbian mother".

paragraph: In 1793 and 1796 Selim III proclaimed firmans in which gave more rights to Serbs. Among other things, taxes were to be collected by local Serbian rulers with the title of "ober-knez" (dukes); freedom of trade and religion were granted and ordinary Serbs began to live in peace.

paragraph: Selim III also decreed that some unpopular Janissaries were to leave the Belgrade Pashaluk as he saw them as a threat to the central authority of Hadži Mustafa Pasha. Many of those Janissaries were employed by or found refuge with Osman Pazvantoğlu, a renegade opponent of Sultan Selim III in the Sanjak of Vidin. Fearing the dissolution of the Janissary command in Sanjak of Smederevo, Osman Pazvantoğlu launched a series of raids against Serbian brigands without the permission of Sultan Selim III causing much volatility and fear in the region.

paragraph: Mustafa Pasha engaged mercenary forces in order to fight against forces of Osman Pazvantoğlu. To finance this forces Mustafa Pasha had to increase taxes. He accepted the proposal of local ober knezes to allow them to establish their own forces consisting of 16,000 Serbs led by Serb officers, commanded by Stanko Arambašić from Veliko Selo, to prevent the rebellion because of the increased taxes.

paragraph: In the summer of 1797 the sultan appointed Mustafa Pasha on position of beglerbeg of Rumelia Eyalet and he left Serbia for Plovdiv to fight against the Vidin rebels of Pazvantoğlu. During the absence of Mustafa Pasha the forces of Pazvantoğlu together with Jannisaries captured Požarevac and besieged Belgrade fortress. At the end of November 1797 ober knezes from Valjevo Aleksa Nenadović, Ilija Birčanin and Nikola Grbović brought their forces to Belgrade and forced besieging Janissary forces to retreat to Smederevo.

paragraph: In January 1798 Mustafa Pasha ordered his forces together with Serb forces under command of Ilija Birčanin to attack Janissary forces in Smederevo. However, on January 30, 1799, the court of Sultan Selim III allowed the Janissaries to return, referring to them as local Muslims from the Sanjak of Smederevo. Initially the Janisaries accepted the authority of the Belgrade Pasha under Hadži Mustafa Pasha. Until a Janissary in Šabac, named Bego Novljanin, demanded from a Serb a surcharge and murdered the Serb when he refused to pay. Fearing the worst Hadži Mustafa Pasha, marched on Šabac with a force of 600 to ensure that the Janissary was brought to justice and order was restored. Hadži Mustafa Pasha was assassinated by Kuchuk Alija on 15 December 1801. Before his death Mustafa Pasha allegedly instructed his son, Dervish Bey, to unite his forces with Serb forces and capture Belgrade from dahias.

description: Ottoman civil servant

wikidata_label: Hadži Mustafa Pasha

wikipedia_title: Hadji Mustafa Pasha


text: Uruguayan

text: military officer

text: politician

text: Colorado Party

text: Broad Front

text: Spanish

text: political coalition

text: general election of 1971

text: military dictatorship

text: general election of that year

text: Palermo

text: barrio

text: Montevideo

text: Uruguay

text: Pocitos

text: demonstration

text: Second Spanish Republic

text: Frente Amplio

text: 2004 presidential elections

text: State funeral

text: Colorado Party

text: Army of Uruguay

text: junior officer

text: Alférez

text: Colonel

text: General

text: Paso de los Toros

text: Uruguayan floods of April 1959

text: Military attaché

text: Embassies

text: Mexico

text: United States of America

text: San José

text: Montevideo

text: Lenin Peace Prize

text: Frente Amplio: Gral. Líber Seregni

text: Vertiente Artiguista: Seregni's legacy

categories: Uruguayan people of Italian descent,Candidates for President of Uruguay,Broad Front (Uruguay) politicians,Uruguayan military personnel,Uruguayan politicians,2004 deaths,People from Montevideo,Burials at the Central Cemetery of Montevideo,1916 births

paragraph: Líber Seregni

paragraph: Líber Seregni Mosquera (13 December 1916 – 31 July 2004) was a Uruguayan military officer and politician. In his youth he was a member of the Colorado Party. Under successive governments of that party, he had a successful military career until his retirement in 1968. In 1971, Seregni split with the Colorado Party, and was one of the founders of the Broad Front ("Frente Amplio" in Spanish, abbreviated as "FA") political coalition and was its presidential candidate in the general election of 1971. Banned and imprisoned by the military dictatorship, he was released in 1984. In 1989 he was once again presidential candidate in the general election of that year.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Seregni was born on 13 December 1916, in the Palermo "barrio" of Montevideo, Uruguay.

paragraph: His primary school education was at the "Escuela Brasil" ("Brazil School") in the Pocitos "barrio".

paragraph: In 1937 he was arrested for participating in a demonstration in support of the Second Spanish Republic.

paragraph: He married Lilí Lerena 1941; the couple had two daughters, Bethel and Giselle.

paragraph: In 1971, he made an unsuccessful run for president as the Frente Amplio candidate, receiving 18.3% of the vote (3rd place). In 1989 he made the 2nd attempt and received 20,35% (2nd place). In 1973-1984 under arrest.

paragraph: He died on 31 July 2004, three months before the Frente Amplio won the 2004 presidential elections. Seregni was given a State funeral, as the then current Colorado Party government directed.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Seregni joined the Army of Uruguay in 1931, and was promoted the junior officer rank of Alférez three years later. He rose to the rank of Colonel in 1958 and to General in 1963. In 1959 Seregni organized the evacuation of Paso de los Toros when the city was flooded in the Uruguayan floods of April 1959. He served as Military attaché to the Uruguayan Embassies in Mexico and the United States of America.

paragraph: Seregni was appointed commander of the second military region of San José and then the first military region of Montevideo.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lenin Peace Prize, 1980-1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Funeral with state honors, 2004.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frente Amplio: Gral. Líber Seregni

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vertiente Artiguista: Seregni's legacy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tribute to Líber Seregni, one year after his death

description: Uruguayan politician

wikidata_label: Líber Seregni

wikipedia_title: Líber Seregni


text:
Ansbach
Nürtingen
Brandenburg
Württemberg
Albrecht III Achilles
Margaret of Baden
Stuttgart
Eberhard II of Württemberg
Horb am Neckar
Ulrich

categories: 1451 births,1524 deaths,People from Nürtingen,Duchesses of Württemberg,House of Hohenzollern

paragraph: Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Württemberg

paragraph: Elizabeth of Brandenburg-Ansbach (29 November 1451, Ansbach – 28 March 1524, Nürtingen) was a princess of Brandenburg by birth and by marriage Duchess of Württemberg.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Elizabeth was the second daughter of the Elector Albrecht III Achilles of Brandenburg (1414–1486) from his first marriage to Margaret of Baden (1431–1457).

paragraph: In April or May 1467 she married in Stuttgart Count Eberhard II of Württemberg (1447–1504). Through the marriage of his daughter, Albrecht Achilles was able to exert considerable influence on his son-in-law. Elizabeth's husband was raised to a Duke of Württemberg in 1496. The marriage was childless and was a very unhappy one. Elizabeth spent a lot of time at her father's court. Eberhard abdicated on 11 June 1498 in Horb am Neckar in favor of his nephew Ulrich to the duchy, with an agreement that Ulrich would provide Elisabeth with an income befitting a duchess.

paragraph: Unlike her husband, Elisabeth was not expelled from Württemberg, instead the agreement signed at Horb am Neckar carried an obligation for the new ruler to provide for her maintenance. She retired in 1499 to her widow seat at Nürtingen castle, where she led a pious and charitable life. She did much to help rebuild the town of Nürtingen, which had burned down twenty years earlier.

paragraph: Section::::References and sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dieter Stievermann, in: Sönke Lorenz, Dieter Mertens, Volker Press (eds.): "Das Haus Württemberg. Ein biographisches Lexikon", Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1997, , p. 100

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chr. Dinkel: "Chronik und Beschreibung der Stadt Nürtingen", P. Frasch, 1847, p. 77

description: Princess of Brandenburg by birth and by marriage Duchess of Württemberg


text: Pope Francis

text: Apostolic Signatura

text: Governatorate of Vatican City State

text: Benedict XVI

text: Catania

text: Italy

text: alumnus

text: canon law

text: philosophy

text: University of Catania

text: ordained

text: Diocese of Acireale

text: Acireale

text: defender of the Bond

text: Promoter of Justice

text: Sicily

text: Roman Rota

text: Sergio Pintor

text: Roman Rota

text: Titular Bishop

text: Archbishop

text: Giuseppe Bertello

text: Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone

text: Barthélemy Adoukonou

text: Pontifical Council for Culture

text: Apostolic Camera

categories: Italian titular bishops,Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni,Living people,Pontifical Lateran University alumni

paragraph: Giuseppe Sciacca

paragraph: Giuseppe Sciacca (born 23 February 1955) is the current Secretary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura since his appointment by Pope Francis on July 16, 2016, replacing the retiring Archbishop Frans Daneels. Previously, he had served as Adjunct Secretary of the Apostolic Signatura, since Saturday, 24 August 2013. Previously, he had been serving as the Secretary General of the Governatorate of Vatican City State since his appointment by Benedict XVI on 3 September 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Sciacca was born in Catania, Italy. After having completed his initial theological studies in Catania he was sent to Rome for further studies. Sciacca is an alumnus of the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas "Angelicum" where he earned a degree in canon law. He later obtained a degree in philosophy from the University of Catania. He was ordained on 7 October 1978, belonging to the clergy of the Diocese of Acireale, in addition to pastoral ministry carried out in the Collegiate Church of "St. Sebastiano" in Acireale, has taught Philosophy and History at the State High Schools and canon law at the Theological Institute of Acireale.

paragraph: After being appointed as defender of the Bond and Promoter of Justice in the Diocesan and Regional Tribunals of Sicily, has been appointed Judge at the same court in Palermo Regional Siculus. On 25 March 1999 he was appointed as a Prelate Auditor of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota. Sciacca is a well-known scholar of the history of the liturgy and of the figure of Pius XII. But he is also a popular Latin scholar.

paragraph: On 18 February 2010, the remains of Cardinal Pompedda were reinterred in a specially constructed sarcophagus in the cathedral of Ozieri at the chapel of the Most Holy Sacrament. The requiem mass was celebrated at 5 p.m., presided by Bishop Sergio Pintor of Ozieri. At the end of the mass, Mgr Sciacca, judge of the Roman Rota and a long time collaborator of Cardinal Pompedda, read a special message sent for the occasion by Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State, in the name of Pope Benedict XVI.

paragraph: On 3 September 2011 he was appointed Titular Bishop of "Victoriana" and at the same time Secretary-General of the Governatorate of Vatican City State. In this new role he will assist incoming president, Archbishop Giuseppe Bertello in charge of many of the City State’s departments such as its police, observatory, museums, post office and tourist information service.

paragraph: On 8 October 2011, Sciacca received episcopal consecration from Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone, SDB along with Barthélemy Adoukonou, secretary of the Pontifical Council for Culture. On 13 February 2013, two days after the Pope announced his intention to resign, Pope Benedict appointed Bishop Sciacca to the post of Auditor General of Apostolic Camera.

description: Secretary of the Apostolic Signature (since 2016)

wikidata_label: Giuseppe Sciacca

wikipedia_title: Giuseppe Sciacca


text:
Gemeinschaft
Eugen Schmalenbach
Jena
Jena
Göttingen
Associate Professor
University of Hanover
University of Basel

wikipedia_title:
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Eugen Schmalenbach
Jena
Jena
Göttingen
Associate professor
University of Hanover
University of Basel

categories: 1885 births,1950 deaths,German philosophers

paragraph: Herman Schmalenbach

paragraph: Herman Schmalenbach (November 15, 1885 – November 3, 1950) was a German philosopher who refined the concepts of Gemeinschaft and Bund.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born on November 15, 1885 in Breckerfeld, Germany, his brother was Eugen Schmalenbach. He studied in Jena, Berlin and Munich, and he received his doctorate in 1910 at Jena. From 1916 to 1917 he taught at a reform school in Ilbeshausen-Hochwaldhausen. In Göttingen from 1920 to 1923 he was an Associate Professor. He also taught in 1928 at the University of Hanover. From 1931 he started at the University of Basel, founded and worked there until his death on November 3, 1950 in Basel, Switzerland.

paragraph: His son was the art historian Werner Schmalenbach (1920–2010).

description: philosopher

wikidata_label: Herman Schmalenbach

wikipedia_title: Herman Schmalenbach


text: American

text: cardinal

text: Catholic Church

text: Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau

text: Archbishop of Washington

text: Roman Curia

text: Major Penitentiary

text: College of Cardinals

text: Dallas

text: Texas

text: Presbyterian

text: Kansas City

text: Missouri

text: Jew

text: parochial school

text: St. Peter's Church

text: altar boy

text: philosophy

text: St. Louis

text: Kenrick Seminary

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: Edwin V. O'Hara

text: pastor

text: St. Aloysius Church

text: St. Theresa College

text: Rome

text: Doctorate of Sacred Theology

text: Cardinal Cajetan

text: Mass

text: St. Theresa's Church

text: St. Cyril's Church

text: Sugar Creek

text: Presbyterate

text: papal chamberlain

text: Pope John XXIII

text: chancellor

text: Diocese of Kansas City-St. Joseph

text: peritus

text: Charles Helmsing

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Secretariat for Christian Unity

text: Unitatis Redintegratio

text: ecumenism

text: National Conference of Catholic Bishops

text: Joint Working Group

text: World Council of Churches

text: Lutheran World Federation

text: St. James Church

text: domestic prelate

text: Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau

text: Pope Paul VI

text: episcopal

text: consecration

text: John Carberry

text: Joseph Sullivan

text: co-consecrators

text: motto

text: Archbishop

text: Washington, D.C.

text: consistory

text: Cardinal-Priest

text: Santa Croce in Via Flaminia

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Roman Curia

text: Congregation for Catholic Education

text: Gabriel-Marie Garrone

text: Pio Laghi

text: Major Penitentiary

text: Luigi Dadaglio

text: parochial school

text: Newman Center

text: seminaries

text: Roman Rota

text: indulgences

text: internal forum

text: sin

text: Sacrament of Reconciliation

text: Luigi De Magistris

text: James Francis Stafford

text: cardinal electors

text: 2005 papal conclave

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Jaime Sin

text: Cardinal Priest

text: 2005 papal conclave

text: Little Sisters of the Poor

text: Jaime Sin

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: James Gibbons

text: Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle

categories: Patronal Medal winners,American Roman Catholic archbishops,2015 deaths,People from Dallas,Archbishops of Washington,Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph,Roman Catholic bishops of Springfield–Cape Girardeau,Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni,Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education,James Cardinal Gibbons Medal winners,Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary,Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,American adoptees,American cardinals,1926 births,Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George

paragraph: William Wakefield Baum

paragraph: William Wakefield Baum (November 21, 1926 – July 23, 2015) was an American cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau (1970–73) and Archbishop of Washington (1973–80) before serving in the Roman Curia as Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education (1980–90) and Major Penitentiary (1990–2001). He was elevated to the College of Cardinals in 1976. At the time of his 1980 appointment as Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education, he was the highest-ranking American ever in the Church. Cardinal Baum was the longest-serving American cardinal in history.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: William Wakefield White was born in Dallas, Texas, to Harold E. and Mary Leona (née Hayes) White. His father, a Presbyterian, died when William was a young child, and he and his mother moved to Kansas City, Missouri. His mother married Jerome Charles Baum, a Jewish businessman, who adopted William and gave him his last name; Jerome Baum died when William was 12.

paragraph: He received his early education at the parochial school of St. Peter's Church, and began to serve as an altar boy at age 10. He entered St. John's Minor Seminary in 1940, and then studied philosophy at Cardinal Glennon College in St. Louis. In 1947, he entered Kenrick Seminary, also in St. Louis, for his theological studies.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: Baum was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Edwin V. O'Hara on May 12, 1951. His first assignment was as assistant pastor of St. Aloysius Church in Kansas City. He taught theology and Church history at St. Theresa College from 1954 to 1956, as well as at St. Aloysius Academy and Glennon High School. He then studied at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, "Angelicum" in Rome, where he earned a Doctorate of Sacred Theology degree in 1958. His thesis was entitled: ""The Teaching of Cardinal Cajetan on the Sacrifice of the Mass"".

paragraph: Returning to Kansas City, Baum resumed his teaching duties at St. Theresa College (1958–63) and served as secretary of the Diocesan Tribunal. He also did pastoral work at St. Theresa's Church and St. Peter's Church, both in Kansas City. In 1960, he became pastor of St. Cyril's Church in Sugar Creek. He published ""Considerations Toward the Theology of the Presbyterate"" in 1961. He was named a papal chamberlain by Pope John XXIII in April 1961, and vice-chancellor of the Diocese of Kansas City-St. Joseph in 1962.

paragraph: From 1962 to 1965, Baum served as a "peritus", or theological expert, to Bishop Charles Helmsing at the Second Vatican Council. In that capacity, he worked with the Secretariat for Christian Unity and helped draft "Unitatis Redintegratio", the Council's decree on ecumenism. In 1964, he was named the first executive director of the Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs for the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, a post which he held for five years. He also served as a member of the Joint Working Group of representatives of the Catholic Church and World Council of Churches (1965–69) and of the Mixed Committee of representatives of the Catholic Church and the Lutheran World Federation (1965–66).

paragraph: In 1967, Baum returned to Kansas City, where he served as chancellor of the diocese and pastor of St. James Church. He was named a domestic prelate in 1968.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal ministry.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal ministry.:Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau.

paragraph: On February 18, 1970, Baum was appointed the third Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following April 6 from Cardinal John Carberry, with Bishops Charles Helmsing and Joseph Sullivan serving as co-consecrators. He selected as his episcopal motto: ""Ministry of Reconciliation"" ().

paragraph: He served as an American delegate to the World Synod of Bishops at the Vatican in 1971, and was chairman of the Bishops' Committee for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs (1972–75).

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal ministry.:Archbishop of Washington.

paragraph: Three years later Paul VI elevated him to Archbishop of Washington, D.C., and in the consistory of 1976 Baum was named "Cardinal-Priest" of Santa Croce in Via Flaminia. He participated in the two conclaves of 1978.

paragraph: Section::::Career in the Roman Curia.

paragraph: Under Pope John Paul II, in 1980 he was named to the Roman Curia as Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education, succeeding the French Cardinal Gabriel-Marie Garrone. The Italian Cardinal Pio Laghi succeeded him in that position. In 1990 he became the Church's Major Penitentiary, succeeding the Italian Cardinal Luigi Dadaglio, exchanging the responsibility of overseeing the Catholic Church's educational policy and structure, parochial schools, Catholic colleges and universities, Newman Centers, and seminaries worldwide, for that of supervising one of the three final appellate tribunals of the Church (the other two are the Roman Rota, which among other matters deals with marriage cases, and the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, which is the church's supreme court- which mainly resolves technicalities or procedural disagreements- for all cases the Pope does not hear). Cardinal Baum's position as Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary involved mostly dealing with the regulation of indulgences and matters of conscience (the internal forum)- especially the forgiveness of sins in the Sacrament of Reconciliation. He was succeeded as Major Penitentiary by Cardinal Luigi De Magistris, who in turn was replaced by another American, James Francis Stafford, who had been Archbishop of Denver.

paragraph: Baum was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI. Along with Benedict (then Cardinal Ratzinger) and Cardinal Jaime Sin, Baum was one of three remaining cardinals elevated by Paul VI to retain voting rights in that conclave. Cardinal Baum was the senior Cardinal Priest to participate in the 2005 papal conclave.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and Death.

paragraph: Somewhat frail in his later years, Baum also suffered from deteriorating eyesight. His resignation as Penitentiary was accepted the day after his 75th birthday in 2001, but he remained active in Rome to the extent that his health permitted, and attended the meeting of American cardinals called to deal with the sex abuse scandal in 2003. He lived in Washington, D.C. until his death, and died in a home in Washington, D.C., run by the Little Sisters of the Poor, where he had spent his last years.

paragraph: With the election of Ratzinger as pope on April 19, 2005, followed by the death of Jaime Sin on June 21, 2005, Baum became the last cardinal elevated by Pope Paul VI to maintain voting rights in a papal conclave. Upon Baum reaching the age of 80 on November 21, 2006, all cardinals who may vote in a conclave had been elevated by Pope John Paul II or Pope Benedict XVI.

paragraph: On March 8, 2011, Baum became the longest-serving American cardinal, surpassing the record established by James Gibbons of Baltimore in 1921.

paragraph: On July 26, 2015 Baum died at the age of 88. He was buried in the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle in Washington, DC.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: William Wakefield Baum

wikipedia_title: William Wakefield Baum


text:
Roman Emperor
Galba
Gaius
Quintus Lutatius Catulus
Lucius Mummius Achaicus

categories: Galba,Sulpicii,Mummii,Ancient Roman women,1st-century BC Romans,1st-century BC Roman women

paragraph: Mummia Achaica

paragraph: Mummia Achaica was the mother of the Roman Emperor Galba and his elder brother Gaius. She was the granddaughter of Quintus Lutatius Catulus and great-granddaughter of the general Lucius Mummius Achaicus. She died shortly after Galba's birth.

description: Mother of a Roman emperor

wikidata_label: Mummia Achaica

wikipedia_title: Mummia Achaica


text: Emperor

text: Caligula

text: Gaius Calpurnius Piso

text: Dio

text: Suetonius

text: Romulus

text: Augustus

text: adultery

categories: Cornelii,Wives of Caligula,Roman empresses,1st-century Roman women,1st-century Romans,Livii

paragraph: Livia Orestilla

paragraph: Livia Orestilla, or Cornelia Orestilla was a Roman Empress as the second wife of the Emperor Caligula in AD 37 or 38.

paragraph: She was originally married to Gaius Calpurnius Piso (who was later involved in a conspiracy to overthrow the emperor Nero in AD 65). However, he was persuaded or forced to annul the marriage so that Caligula could marry her. According to both Dio and Suetonius, this occurred during Piso and Orestilla's wedding celebrations. Suetonius claims that Caligula issued a proclamation the next day that he had acquired a new wife in the tradition of Romulus and Augustus, who had both stolen wives from other men. Orestilla was apparently an unwilling Empress, and remained loyal to her first husband. On the next day Caligula divorced with Orestilla; however, he also prohibited her from getting into a relationship with Piso again.

paragraph: In two years both Orestilla and Piso were banished for adultery to a distant island. Piso returned to Rome one year later, after Caligula’s assassination.

description: Roman empress

wikidata_label: Livia Orestilla

wikipedia_title: Livia Orestilla


text:
Benedictine
monk
Francia
Abbey of Prüm
Abbot Markward
St. Goar
miracle
martyrology
Otrich
Cologne
Florus of Lyon
Venerable Bede
saint
church Hours
Mass

categories: 9th-century deaths,Frankish Benedictines,Writers of the Carolingian Empire,Carolingian poets,813 births,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Wandelbert

paragraph: Wandelbert (813 - d. after 850) was a Benedictine monk and theological writer. Little is known of his personal history. He was apparently a native of Francia, and in 839 he was already a monk at the Abbey of Prüm, where he died. About this date Abbot Markward commissioned him to rewrite the old "Life of St. Goar" and to supplement it by an account of the miracles worked by the saint. The life Wandelbert wrote is not without historical value.

paragraph: He composed his second work, a martyrology in verse that was finished about 848, at the request of Otrich, a priest of Cologne, and with the aid of his friend Florus of Lyon. The martyrology is based on earlier ones, particularly that of the Venerable Bede. The arrangement follows the calendar, and a brief account is given for each day of the life and death of one or more saints. Together with the martyrology are poems on the months and their signs, on the various kinds of agricultural labour, the seasons for hunting, fishing, cultivation of fruit, of the fields, and of vineyards, and the church Hours. The poetry is, in general, uniform and monotonous, the most graceful passages are various descriptions of nature.

paragraph: Wandelbert also wrote a (lost) work on the Mass.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinz Erich Stienen (1981), "Wandalbert von Prüm. Vita et Miracula sancti Goaris"

description: Benedictine monk and writer

wikidata_label: Wandelbert

wikipedia_title: Wandelbert