text:
American football
defensive tackle
Cleveland Browns
Green Bay Packers
National Football League
Pro Football Hall of Fame
Emporia, Virginia
Warwick High School
Newport News
college football
University of Virginia
wrestler
ACC
Sigma Nu
fraternity
1957 NFL draft
Cleveland Browns
Green Bay Packers
Vince Lombardi
first season
Pro Bowl
Pro Bowl MVP
Super Bowl
1969
Milwaukee
Summerfest
Virginia Sports Hall of Fame
Green Bay Packer Hall of Fame
heart attack
Oconomowoc
La Belle Cemetery
Pro Football Hall of Fame
coin toss
Super Bowl XXIX
Ray Nitschke
Congressman
Steve Largent
Packers.com
Warwick High School

categories: Sportspeople from Newport News, Virginia,Players of American football from Virginia,Green Bay Packers players,Cleveland Browns players,1935 births,Western Conference Pro Bowl players,Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees,American football defensive tackles,University of Virginia alumni,Virginia Cavaliers football players,1977 deaths

paragraph: Henry Jordan

paragraph: Henry Wendell Jordan (January 26, 1935 – February 21, 1977) was an American football defensive tackle for the Cleveland Browns and Green Bay Packers during his thirteen-year National Football League (NFL) career. He played in the NFL from 1957 to 1969 and is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Born in Emporia, Virginia, Jordan graduated in 1953 from Warwick High School, Newport News,VA in 1953. He played college football at the University of Virginia, where he was the captain of the football team as a senior. Jordan was also an All-American wrestler, the ACC champion and NCAA runner-up in 1957. He was a member of the Beta Chapter of Sigma Nu fraternity at UVA.

paragraph: Section::::NFL career.

paragraph: Jordan was selected in the fifth round of the 1957 NFL draft by the Cleveland Browns, who traded him two years later to the Green Bay Packers in Vince Lombardi's first season for a fourth round draft choice. At Green Bay, Jordan was elected to four Pro Bowls (1960, 1961, 1963, and 1966), and he was the Pro Bowl MVP in 1961. Jordan was All-NFL seven times, and he was a defensive leader on a Green Bay Packers team that won five of six NFL title games in eight seasons and won the first two Super Bowls.

paragraph: A tenacious competitor on the field, Jordan was the vibrant and jovial wit among Lombardi's Packers, and was highly regarded by his teammates. Highly quotable, his outgoing personality put him in demand as an after-dinner speaker.

paragraph: Most notably: “Lombardi treats us all the same, like dogs.”

paragraph: Section::::After football.

paragraph: Jordan retired at age 35 in February 1970, after an injury-filled 1969 season. In 1970, Jordan relocated south to Milwaukee to create and oversee Summerfest.

paragraph: In 1974, Jordan was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: In 1975, Jordan was inducted into the Green Bay Packer Hall of Fame.

paragraph: In 1977, seven years after leaving Green Bay, Jordan died at age 42 of a heart attack after jogging on February 21, 1977.

paragraph: Jordan's funeral was held in the Zion Episcopal Church in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, and he is buried in La Belle Cemetery.

paragraph: He is survived by his wife Olive, and three children: Henry Jr., Theresa, and Suzanne.

paragraph: In 1995, Henry Jordan was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

paragraph: He was represented in the coin toss ceremony at Super Bowl XXIX by former teammate Ray Nitschke, who was also named to the NFL's 75th Anniversary team. The ceremony brought together former NFL stars of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, with surviving members of that year's Hall of Fame class representing the latter decade (one of them, then-Congressman Steve Largent flipped the coin on their behalf).

paragraph: In 2000, the Warwick High School athletics field (Newport News, VA) was named in his honor.

paragraph: In May 2009, he was named to the Hampton Roads Sports Hall of Fame, which honors athletes, coaches and administrators who contributed to sports in southeastern Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Packers.com – Henry Jordan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Warwick High School – Henry Jordan Scholarship

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Henry Jordan

wikipedia_title: Henry Jordan


text:
professional baseball
first baseman
Major League Baseball
Tampa Bay Devil Rays
Nippon Professional Baseball
Yokohama BayStars
Monache High School
Porterville, California
1992 Major League Baseball Draft
Oakland Athletics
1997 MLB Expansion Draft
Jim Morris
Porterville College

categories: People from Delano, California,Tampa Bay Devil Rays players,Edmonton Trappers players,Major League Baseball first basemen,American expatriate baseball players in Japan,Baseball players from California,Yokohama BayStars players,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Steve Cox (baseball)

paragraph: Charles Steven Cox (born October 31, 1974) is an American former professional baseball first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Yokohama BayStars.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Cox attended Monache High School in Porterville, California, graduating in 1992. was chosen in the fifth round of the 1992 Major League Baseball Draft by the Oakland Athletics. He played in their organization for six seasons without appearing in the major leagues. He was selected by the Devil Rays with the 46th pick in the 1997 MLB Expansion Draft.

paragraph: Cox was first called up to the major leagues on September 17, , along with Jim Morris.

paragraph: In 2007, Cox became the head coach for Porterville College.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Steve Cox

wikipedia_title: Steve Cox (baseball)


text: professional baseball

text: outfielder

text: Major League Baseball

text: Tampa Bay Devil Rays

text: center fielder

text: South Brunswick High School

text: running back

text: free safety

text: football

text: point guard

text: basketball

text: baseball

text: track

text: Duke University

text: Colorado Rockies

text: their inaugural draft in 1992

text: struck out

text: at bat

text: batting

text: stole

text: expansion

text: home run

text: RBI

text: ACL

text: Durham

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: spring training

text: Minnesota Twins

text: Edmonton

text: free agent

text: Arizona Diamondbacks

text: NL West

text: NLDS

text: Seattle Mariners

text: first baseman

text: Greg Colbrunn

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: Rochester Red Wings

text: Bridgeport Bluefish

text: Atlantic League

text: Dominican Winter Baseball League

text: Houston Astros

text: Miami Marlins

text: Durham Bulls

text: Baseball Wives

categories: Edmonton Trappers players,Colorado Rockies players,Rochester Red Wings players,1970 births,Bend Rockies players,Cincinnati Reds players,Colorado Springs Sky Sox players,Bridgeport Bluefish players,Duke Blue Devils baseball players,New Haven Ravens players,Minnesota Twins players,African-American baseball players,Baseball players from North Carolina,Tampa Bay Devil Rays players,Durham Bulls players,Central Valley Rockies players,Seattle Mariners players,Living people,Major League Baseball center fielders,Arizona Diamondbacks players,Tucson Sidewinders players,Sportspeople from Wilmington, North Carolina

paragraph: Quinton McCracken

paragraph: Quinton Antoine McCracken (born August 16, 1970) is a former professional baseball outfielder. He played all or part of twelve seasons in Major League Baseball, and was the Tampa Bay Devil Rays franchise's first center fielder and batter on March 31, 1998.

paragraph: Section::::High school years.

paragraph: McCracken attended South Brunswick High School and was the starting running back and the free safety in football, the starting point guard in basketball, in addition to being a baseball star and a track standout. In baseball, as a senior, he led his team to a 29-0 record and the state Championship. South Brunswick finished the baseball season that year ranked #5 among national high school baseball teams in 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: After graduating from Duke University. McCracken was selected by the Colorado Rockies in their inaugural draft in 1992 in the 25th round. He made his major league debut as a September call up on September 17, 1995; in three games, he struck out in his only at bat. In 1996, he played mostly center field, batting .290 in 283 at-bats. In 1997, he stole a career-high 28 bases and increased his batting average to .292.

paragraph: McCracken was drafted by the expansion Tampa Bay Devil Rays on November 18, 1997, as their 2nd pick in the 1997 Major League Baseball expansion draft, to be their starting center fielder for 1998. Playing in a career-high 155 games, McCracken had his best-ever season, batting .292 with 7 home runs, 59 RBI, and was named the Devil Rays first-ever most valuable player. After playing only 40 games in 1999, because of a torn ACL, he spent most of 2000 in the minors with Triple-A Durham. The Devil Rays released him on November 27, 2000, and he signed with the St. Louis Cardinals on December 22, he was released in spring training. On April 13, 2001, McCracken signed with the Minnesota Twins. He again spent most of the year in Triple-A, where he batted .338 for Edmonton.

paragraph: He became a free agent after the season and on January 9, 2002, signed with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He spent the entire season with the major league club, hitting .309 as the Diamondbacks won the NL West. McCracken batted .364 in 11 at-bats against the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLDS, but the D-Backs were swept out of the playoffs by the Cardinals. His batting average dropped nearly 100 points in 2003 to .227. On December 15, 2003, he was traded to the Seattle Mariners for first baseman Greg Colbrunn. McCracken did not get much playing time with Seattle, however, and on June 9 he was released. Two days later, he re-signed with the D-Backs and batted .288 in 55 games. He became a free agent after the season and re-signed with Arizona. McCracken struggled with a .237 batting average in 2005, becoming a free agent after the season.

paragraph: On February 14, 2006, he signed with the Cincinnati Reds, but was released on July 6. The Minnesota Twins, after signing him to a minor league contract on July 21, announced at the end of the 2006 season that they would not re-sign McCracken after he had played for their Triple-A affiliate, the Rochester Red Wings. He was not picked up by another team, and signed on to play with the independent Bridgeport Bluefish of the Atlantic League. After one season in independent ball, McCracken played for the Dominican Winter Baseball League in late 2007 and retired.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.

paragraph: He joined the front office of the Diamondbacks in 2011, and moved to the Houston Astros in 2012. McCracken joined the Miami Marlins staff in a player development role in December of 2017. In January 2019, he joined the Durham Bulls as a third-base coach in a return to the city where he attended college.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Quinton married Maggie Moskal on January 29, 2005. The couple have a son Isaiah Cicero McCracken born July 7, 2009. Maggie McCracken is a cast member of VH1's "Baseball Wives". The first episode aired November 30, 2011.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Quinton McCracken

wikipedia_title: Quinton McCracken


text: Venezuela

text: professional baseball

text: pitcher

text: New York Mets

text: Major League Baseball

text: Atlanta Braves

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Philadelphia Phillies

text: Atlanta Braves

text: free agent

text: Dominican Summer League

text: Gulf Coast Braves

text: Danville Braves

text: Appalachian League

text: Rome Braves

text: South Atlantic League

text: Myrtle Beach Pelicans

text: Carolina League

text: closer

text: Mississippi Braves

text: Southern League

text: 40-man roster

text: Rule 5 draft

text: Gwinnett Braves

text: International League

text: Jonny Venters

text: New York Mets

text: Ike Davis

text: Pittsburgh Pirates

text: 2013 NLDS

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Chasen Shreve

text: WHIP

text: Don Sutton

text: Feliz Navidad

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Mat Latos

text: Michael Morse

text: Bronson Arroyo

text: Alex Wood

text: Jim Johnson

text: José Peraza

text: Miami Marlins

text: Héctor Olivera

text: Paco Rodriguez

text: 2016 MLB Draft

text: salary arbitration

text: Oklahoma City Dodgers

text: spring training

text: 2016 National League Division Series

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Jake Peter

text: Scott Alexander

text: Joakim Soria

text: Trevor Oaks

text: Erick Mejia

text: Kansas City Royals

text: Philadelphia Phillies

text: New York Mets

text: spring training

text: Luis Avilán

categories: Oklahoma City Dodgers players,Atlanta Braves players,New York Mets players,Philadelphia Phillies players,Dominican Summer League Braves players,Gwinnett Braves players,Chicago White Sox players,Major League Baseball players from Venezuela,Mississippi Braves players,Los Angeles Dodgers players,Myrtle Beach Pelicans players,Danville Braves players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Cardenales de Lara players,Living people,Sportspeople from Caracas,1989 births,Gulf Coast Braves players,Rome Braves players

paragraph: Luis Avilán

paragraph: Luis Armando Avilán (born July 19, 1989) is a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Dodgers, Chicago White Sox, and Philadelphia Phillies.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Braves.

paragraph: Avilán signed with the Atlanta Braves as an international free agent in 2005 and he began his professional career the following year with the Braves affiliate in the Dominican Summer League. In 2008, he joined the Gulf Coast Braves, his first assignment to a domestic team. He was the GCL Braves pitcher of the month for August when he had a 2.93 ERA in three starts. In 2009, he was promoted to the Danville Braves of the Appalachian League, where he made 14 appearances, including three starts and had a 3.05 ERA with two saves. In 2010, he made 41 appearances between the Rome Braves of the South Atlantic League and the Myrtle Beach Pelicans of the Carolina League and was a combined 6–4 with a 4.33 ERA in 41 games. He also saved nine games that season as the closer for Myrtle Beach. In 2011, with the Mississippi Braves of the Southern League, he was 4–8 with a 4.57 ERA in 36 appearances, including 13 starts.

paragraph: The Braves added him to their 40-man roster after the 2011 season to protect him from the Rule 5 draft. He began the 2012 season in Mississippi, where he was 3–6 with a 3.23 ERA 16 games (12 starts). He was promoted to the Triple-A Gwinnett Braves of the International League on July 4, 2012, but did not make an appearance for them.

paragraph: On July 5, 2012, Avilán was called up by the Braves to replace the injured Jonny Venters. He made his first appearance on July 14 against the New York Mets, striking out the only batter he faced (Ike Davis). His first career win came on October 3 against the Pittsburgh Pirates on the final day of the season. In 31 appearances that season for the Braves, he had an ERA of 2.00.

paragraph: Avilán made 75 appearances in 2013 (4th in the NL), posting a 1.52 earned run average with a .144 batting average against and .219 on base percentage. In addition, he made appearances in all four games of the 2013 NLDS against the Los Angeles Dodgers, allowing three hits and no runs in 2 innings.

paragraph: However, he struggled through the first half of the 2014 season, recording a 4.85 ERA in 47 games. Avilán was demoted to Triple A Gwinnett on July 19, 2014, and replaced by Chasen Shreve. He would finish the 2014 season with a 4.57 ERA in 62 games. 2015 was kinder to Avilán in a Braves uniform, as in 50 appearances, he posted a 3.58 ERA with a 1.20 WHIP.

paragraph: During his time with the Braves, Radio Announcer Don Sutton would often sing Avilan’s name in a sing-song manner to the tune of Feliz Navidad.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: On July 30, 2015, in a three-team trade, the Los Angeles Dodgers acquired Avilán, Mat Latos, Michael Morse, Bronson Arroyo, Alex Wood, Jim Johnson, and José Peraza, while the Miami Marlins acquired minor league pitchers Victor Araujo, Jeff Brigham, and Kevin Guzman, and the Braves received Héctor Olivera, Paco Rodriguez, minor league pitcher Zachary Bird and a competitive balance draft pick for the 2016 MLB Draft. He pitched in 23 games for the Dodgers with a 5.17 ERA.

paragraph: At the conclusion of the season, the Dodgers signed him to a one-year, $1.39 million, contract to avoid salary arbitration though he began the season with the AAA Oklahoma City Dodgers after experiencing control problems in spring training. He split the season between the minors and the majors, appearing in 33 games for Oklahoma City, with a 4.24 ERA and 27 games for Los Angeles, with a 3.20 ERA. He also pitched in 3 innings in the playoffs between the 2016 National League Division Series and the 2016 National League Championship Series, without allowing any earned runs. He signed a $1.5 million contract for 2017, avoiding salary arbitration.

paragraph: Avilán spent the entire 2017 season in the Dodgers bullpen. In 61 games, he had a 2–3 record and 2.93 ERA. He felt some pain in his shoulder in September, leading to a diagnosis of "shoulder inflammation." As a result he was left off the Dodgers playoff roster.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago White Sox.

paragraph: On January 4, 2018, Avilán was traded to the Chicago White Sox in a three-team trade that also sent Jake Peter and Scott Alexander to the Dodgers, Joakim Soria to the White Sox, and Trevor Oaks and Erick Mejia to the Kansas City Royals.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Philadelphia Phillies.

paragraph: On August 22, 2018, Avilán was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies in exchange for minor league pitcher Felix Paulino. Between the two teams, in 2018 he was 2-1 with two saves and a 3.77 ERA. He threw a change-up 48.1% of the time, tops in MLB. He elected free agency on November 30, 2018. In his career through 2018 he had held left-handed batters to a batting average of .213, and right-handed batters to a batting average of .244.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: On January 10, 2019, Avilán signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets that included an invitation to spring training. He made the team and had his contract purchased for opening day.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luis Avilán at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)

description: Venezuelan baseball player

wikidata_label: Luis Avilán

wikipedia_title: Luis Avilán


text: Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium

categories: Japanese architects,1883 births,1965 deaths

paragraph: Mikishi Abe

paragraph: Buildings:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seiko Main Office

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hibiya Movie Theater, Yurakucho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 1934

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meiji Seika Tobata Factory, Tobataku, KitaKyushu, 1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kobe Hankyu Building

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yuraku-za Theatre

description: Japanese architect

wikidata_label: Mikishi Abe

wikipedia_title: Mikishi Abe


text:
Gemelli Diversi
Spaghetti Funk
J-Ax
Milan
Cologno Monzese
J-Ax
Thema
Articolo 31
Fabri Fibra
Fabri Fibra
Bologna
Io Grido
Gemelli DiVersi
4x4
Come piace a me
Fuego
Fuego Special Edition
Reality Show
Reality Show - Dual Disc
Boom!
Senza fine
Tutto da capo
Io Grido
Happy EP!

categories: Cologno Monzese,1979 births,Italian male singers,Italian Roman Catholics,Italian rappers,Living people

paragraph: Grido (rapper)

paragraph: Luca Paolo Aleotti, known as Weedo or Grido (born March 30, 1979), is an Italian rapper and singer. Grido is a former member of the band Gemelli Diversi (1997-2014), and member of the crews Spaghetti Funk and TDK. He's also J-Ax' younger brother.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Beginnings.

paragraph: Born in Milan, Grido grew up in Cologno Monzese. His nickname (Grido, "Scream" in Italian) has been apparently given to him by his brother Alessandro (aka J-Ax) because he always cried as a child. His first appearance was a collaboration with his brother J-Ax in the song "Cavaliere senza re", 1996. His second appearance was in the song "Tutti Per Uno" (Dj Enzo, 1997), when he was still part of his first band "Rima nel Cuore" along with Strano, now lead singer of Gemelli Diversi.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Gemelli Diversi.

paragraph: He then joined the group "La Cricca", with Thema, Strano and THG, thereby forming the group of Gemelli Diversi (he was the youngest member). With GDV he recorded seven albums since 1998. Grido has also participated with Articolo 31 in various songs including "Il mio consiglio", "Buon sangue non mente", "Due su due" and "Cavalieri senza Re".

paragraph: During 2006 Fabri Fibra dissed Gemelli Diversi and Grido in particular (with the song "Idee Stupide"). Grido responded with an online video making a "Fabri Fibra" parody called "Standing Ovation". Fabri Fibra then responded at '"MTV Day" 2006 in Bologna. "Gemelli Diversi" responded again in the song "B-boy band" contained in the album Boom!.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Solo career.

paragraph: In May 2011, Grido published a solo album called Io Grido (I Scream), which was preceded by two singles, "SuperBlunt" (with "Danti", "Tormento" and "Sud Sound System") and "Fumo e Malinconia", presented at TRL Music Awards 2011.

paragraph: He finally left his band in 2014, changed his nickname in Weedo, before releasing his second solo album ("Happy EP!").

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He has a son, called Davide, born in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Gemelli DiVersi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gemelli DiVersi" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "4x4" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come piace a me" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fuego" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fuego Special Edition" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reality Show" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reality Show - Dual Disc" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boom!(2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Senza fine" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tutto da capo" (2012)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - "Io Grido"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Happy EP!

alias:
Luca Paolo Aleotti
Weedo

description: rapper

wikidata_label: Grido

wikipedia_title: Grido (rapper)


text: Royal House of Saxony

text: Prüfening Abbey

text: Regensburg

text: Bavaria

text: Margrave of Meissen

text: Marie Vassiltchikov

text: Princess Anastasia of Anhalt

text: Vevey

text: Prince Alexander of Saxe-Gessaphe

text: Princess Anna

text: Assaphe

text: Beirut

text: Princess Gisela of Bavaria

text: Albert

text: House of Wettin

text: salic law

text: Margarete Karola

text: Maria Alix

text: Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern

text: House of Hohenzollern

text: morganatic

text: Rüdiger

text: Albertine Saxons

text: Ernestine Duchies

text: cadet branch

text: Coburg line

text: Ernestine line

text: Michael, Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

text: Konrad, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen

text: House of Wettin

text: Order of the Rue Crown

text: House of Wettin

text: Military Order of St. Henry

text: House of Wettin

text: Order of Sidonia

text: House of Wettin

text: Order of Albert, Special Class

text: House of Wettin

text: House of Wettin

text: Civil Order of Saxony

text: Ducal Family of Anhalt

text: Order of Albert the Bear

text: Princely Family of Hohenzollern

text: House Order of Hohenzollern

text: Princely Family of Thurn and Taxis

text: Order of Parfaite Amitié

text: Austrian Imperial and Royal Family

text: Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece

text: House Laws of the Kingdom of Saxony

text: Website of the House of Wettin

categories: 1926 births,Recipients of the Military Order of St. Henry,Knights of the Golden Fleece,People from Regensburg,2012 deaths,Grand Crosses of the Military Order of St. Henry,Recipients of the Albert Order,Recipients of the Order of the Rue Crown,Grand Crosses of the Albert Order,Recipients of the House Order of Hohenzollern,Knights of the Order of Parfaite Amitié,Saxon princes,House of Wettin,Margraves of Meissen,Recipients of the Order of Albert the Bear,Grand Commanders of the House Order of Hohenzollern

paragraph: Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen

paragraph: Maria Emanuel, Prince of Saxony, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen (31 January 1926 – 23 July 2012) was the head of the Royal House of Saxony.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born at Prüfening Abbey in Regensburg, Bavaria, he was the eldest child of the then Hereditary Prince Frederick Christian of Saxony, later Margrave of Meissen, and Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis.

paragraph: At the age of 18 Emanuel was imprisoned and sentenced to death by the Nazis for being opposed to their rule. After escaping his sentence he next had to escape from the approaching Soviets as his homeland Saxony became a part of communist East Germany as World War II wound down. After the war he moved to Switzerland where he began working in the financial services sector. Also being a talented painter Emanuel had a number of his works exhibited.

paragraph: Although Marie Vassiltchikov recounts in her book "The Berlin Diaries 1940-45" the story of the 16-year-old Hereditary Prince Maria Emanuel paying her a visit to seek her help in finding a bride, as he felt it was his dynastic obligation to start a family early, Emanuel would not in fact marry until his 37th birthday. His wife was Princess Anastasia of Anhalt (born 1940), whom he married on 31 January 1963 in Vevey, Switzerland. They had no children.

paragraph: Maria Emanuel became head of the Royal House of Saxony upon the death of his father on 9 August 1968.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: As Maria Emanuel fathered no legitimate children, he had acknowledged as his eventual heir Prince Alexander of Saxe-Gessaphe, the son of his eldest sister Princess Anna and her late husband Prince Robert of Gessaphe (or "Assaphe"/"Afif", descendants of a Lebanese Christian family which ruled a province north of Beirut). Maria Emanuel adopted Alexander on 1 June 1999, who had married Princess Gisela of Bavaria in 1987. In 1997 the surviving male dynasts of the Albertine line of Wettins consented to the Margrave's decision, Subsequently, his brother Albert stated that he no longer accepted the decision.

paragraph: The royal line of the House of Wettin applies semi-salic law, which allows for inheritance through a female. Since the death of Maria Emanuel, if Albert was the last male dynast then this would lead firstly to the children of their sisters Maria Josepha (unmarried), Maria Anna and Mathilde, but only Mathilde's marriage indisputedly met equality requirements and her only son died in 1987. Therefore, if the Gessaphe claim is invalid, the succession would pass to the issue of the Margrave's paternal aunts, who were Margarete Karola (1900–1962), Maria Alix (1901–1990) and Anna (1903–1976), all of whom left children. Margarete having been the eldest, the heir would be her grandson Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern (born 1932), head of the princely line of the royal House of Hohenzollern.

paragraph: The Margrave's brother Albert, however, supported discarding equality requirements to allow his cousin Prince Timo of Saxony's morganatic son, Rüdiger (born 1953), to eventually succeed. Rüdiger has, with his first wife Astrid Linke (1949–1989), three sons Daniel (born 1975), Arne (born 1977) and Nils (born 1978).

paragraph: Although the Albertine Saxons consist only of the royal branch, there are several extant lines of the House of Wettin which ruled the various Ernestine Duchies until 1918 (as well as the cadet branches of the Coburg line which held several royal crowns). In a joint statement of 23 June 2015, the heads of the three remaining branches of the senior Ernestine line of the House of Wettin, Michael, Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Konrad, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, declared that, according to the house law of the House of Wettin and to traditional princely succession rules, Alexander Afif, bearing the name "Prince of Saxony" by adoption, were neither a member of nobility nor of the House of Wettin, nor had he succeeded Maria Emanuel as head of the Albertine branch (the Royal House of Saxony), nor were he entitled to style himself Margrave of Meissen.

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles and honours.

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles and honours.:Titles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 31 January 1926 – 9 August 1968: "His Royal Highness" Prince Maria Emanuel of Saxony, Duke of Saxony

paragraph: BULLET::::- 9 August 1968 – 23 July 2012: "His Royal Highness" The Margrave of Meissen

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles and honours.:Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Wettin: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Rue Crown

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Wettin: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Military Order of St. Henry

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Wettin: Sovereign of the Order of Sidonia

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Wettin: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Albert, Special Class

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Wettin: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Saxony

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ducal Family of Anhalt: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princely Family of Hohenzollern: Knight Grand Cross of the House Order of Hohenzollern

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princely Family of Thurn and Taxis: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Parfaite Amitié

paragraph: BULLET::::- Austrian Imperial and Royal Family: 1, 300th Knight with Collar of the Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House Laws of the Kingdom of Saxony

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website of his brother Prince Albert of Saxony

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website of the House of Wettin

description: German noble

wikidata_label: Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen

wikipedia_title: Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen


text: VC

text: English

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: lieutenant

text: 5th Lancers (Royal Irish)

text: British Army

text: Second Boer War

text: Derby, South Africa

text: South Africa

text: Gloucestershire

text: England

text: Thoresby Park

text: Nottinghamshire

text: List of horse accidents

text: Monuments to Courage

text: The Register of the Victoria Cross

text: Victoria Crosses of the Anglo-Boer War

text: Location of grave and VC medal

text: Brief biography

text: Biography from angloboerwar.com

categories: Second Boer War recipients of the Victoria Cross,People educated at Marlborough College,5th Royal Irish Lancers officers,British recipients of the Victoria Cross,British Army personnel of the Second Boer War,Deaths by horse-riding accident,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,People from Burnley,1877 births,1902 deaths,Accidental deaths in England

paragraph: Frederic Brooks Dugdale

paragraph: Lieutenant Frederic Brooks Dugdale VC (21 October 1877 – 13 November 1902) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: He was 23 years old, and a lieutenant in the 5th Lancers (Royal Irish), British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place on 3 March 1901 near Derby, South Africa for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: He stayed with his regiment in South Africa until the war ended in May 1902, and left for the United Kingdom on the "SS Briton" two months later. Shortly after his return, he was killed in a horse riding accident whilst riding with the North Cotswold Hunt, near Charingworth, Gloucestershire, England, on 13 November 1902.

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Queen's Royal Lancers and Nottinghamshire Yeomanry Museum, Thoresby Park, Nottinghamshire, England.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of horse accidents

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria Crosses of the Anglo-Boer War (Ian Uys, 2000)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Gloucestershire)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brief biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography from angloboerwar.com

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Frederic Brooks Dugdale

wikipedia_title: Frederic Brooks Dugdale


text: VC

text: English

text: Victoria Cross

text: James Hewitt, 4th Viscount Lifford

text: Winchester College

text: Second Lieutenant

text: The Hampshire Regiment

text: The Royal Hampshire Regiment

text: British Army

text: First World War

text: Ypres

text: Belgium

text: Menin Gate

text: Monuments to Courage

text: The Register of the Victoria Cross

categories: British military personnel killed in World War I,Royal Hampshire Regiment officers,1897 births,British Army personnel of World War I,British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross,1918 deaths,British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from Mayfair,People educated at Winchester College

paragraph: Dennis George Wyldbore Hewitt

paragraph: Dennis George Wyldbore Hewitt VC (18 December 1897 – 31 July 1917) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hewitt was the son of Elizabeth Mary née Rampini (1871–1959) and Hon. George Wyldbore Hewitt (1858–1942) - himself a son of James Hewitt, 4th Viscount Lifford. He was born in Mayfair, London and educated at Winchester College. He was 19 years old, and a Second Lieutenant in the 14th Battalion, The Hampshire Regiment (later The Royal Hampshire Regiment), British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: On 31 July 1917 north-east of Ypres, Belgium, when his first objective had been captured, Second Lieutenant Hewitt reorganised his company and moved forward. Whilst waiting for the barrage to lift, he was hit by a piece of shell which exploded the signal lights in his haversack and set fire to his equipment and clothes. He extinguished the flames and then, despite his wound and severe pain, he led forward the remnants of the company under a very heavy machine-gun fire and captured and consolidated his objective. He was subsequently killed by a sniper while inspecting the consolidation and encouraging his men.

paragraph: He has no known grave and is commemorated on the Menin Gate.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- VCs of the First World War - Passchendaele 1917 (Stephen Snelling, 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Dennis George Wyldbore Hewitt

wikipedia_title: Dennis George Wyldbore Hewitt


text: Duke of Austria

text: House of Babenberg

text: Leopold V of Austria

text: Helena of Hungary

text: Emperor Henry VI's

text: Wolfger of Erla, Bishop of Passau

text: Richard of England's

text: Eleanor

text: Catholic Church

text: Bari

text: Saladin

text: Pope Celestine III

text: Erbreichsplan

text: Crusade of 1197

text: Wolfger, Bishop of Passau

text: Henry I, Duke of Mödling

text: Henry of Kalden

text: Isabella of Jerusalem

text: Henry I of Brabant

text: Ayyubids

text: Al-Adil

text: Sidon

text: King Henry I of Jerusalem

text: Almaric of Cyprus

text: Byblos Castle

text: County of Tripoli

text: Damascus

text: Toron

text: Palestine

text: Acre

text: Meinhard II, Count of Gorizia

text: Wolfger, Bishop of Passau

text: Eberhard, Count of Dörnberg

text: Ulrich of Eppan

text: Walther von der Vogelweide

text: Mos Teutonicus

text: Heiligenkreuz Abbey

text: List of rulers of Austria

text: Friedrich I.

text: AEIOU

categories: 12th-century rulers of Austria,Burials at Heiligenkreuz Abbey,1198 deaths,Dukes of Austria,1170s births,Babenberg,Christians of the Crusades

paragraph: Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg)

paragraph: Frederick I (, c. 1175 – 16 April 1198), known as Frederick the Catholic (), was the Duke of Austria from 1195 to 1198. He was a member of the House of Babenberg.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Frederick the Catholic was born in 1175, the son of Duke Leopold V of Austria and Helena of Hungary. In 1192, he was enfeoffed with his father with Austria and Styria, while the younger Leopold VI had no claim. On Leopold V's death-bed, at Graz, he caught all by surprise by granting the Duchy of Styria to Leopold VI, with Emperor Henry VI's approval. None raised objections and thus, Austria and Styria remained divided. Frederick the Catholic, however, did not receive his enfeoffment by the Emperor personally, instead he sent Wolfger of Erla, Bishop of Passau on his behalf.

paragraph: As the new Duke finally received his land in 1195, he still faced the restitution of the English hostages and the ransom money paid for Richard of England's life. Richard had been pressing hard for the return of both hostages and money, egged on by Adalbert III of Bohemia, Archbishop of Salzburg. The hostages were sent back at once, yet Frederick was unable to pay back the ransom money, despite returning the unspent portion. Upon the captivity of Richard Leopold V had forced Richard's niece Eleanor into a marriage to Frederick and Eleanor was on the way to Austria, but upon this situation the marriage was cancelled and she was also sent back. Frederick willingly took upon himself the penance of another Crusade, in order to restore Babenberg honor in the eyes of the Catholic Church. And on Easter, 31 March 1195, he took the cross at Bari. With Saladin dead, in 1193, the prospects were favorable. Yet by March 1196, Pope Celestine III had intervened, approving of Adalbert's conduct and severely censuring the late Duke Leopold V.

paragraph: There were long delays before the Crusade would go under way. The German Emperor had been opting for his Erbreichsplan, a plan to make the Empire hereditary. He had been spending this time making deals, offering bribes and whatever means he could to both Princes of the Church and Empire to vote for a hereditary Empire, to no avail. In the end, the Emperor ceased his Hereditary plans to proceed with the Crusade.

paragraph: Duke Frederick left Austria in April or late spring 1197 for the German Crusade of 1197 in the company of Wolfger, Bishop of Passau and his uncle, Henry I, Duke of Mödling. Frederick had stopped by Linaria to rest before moving on. When they left Apulia to reach Sicily, they were encouraged further, after two ships sunk at sea, with the Abbots of Werd and Beuern. By June, they were welcomed at Emperor Henry's court in Sicily. There the Emperor took full command and instructed Conrad of Mainz to oversee the passage of the Crusader fleet. In September, they sailed under the leadership of Conrad, Archbishop of Mainz & Chancellor of Germany from Messina and arrived weeks later to Acre, where command of the German forces was assumed under Conrad of Mainz and Marshal Henry of Kalden, whose presence brought the displeasure of the French forces under Queen Isabella of Jerusalem. The German Princes, however, Frederick included, had denied the authority of Marshal Henry and had called for an election of a Commander. They called for Duke Henry I of Brabant to lead the assault against the Ayyubids under Al-Adil. Their forces rallied, and they marched on to Tyre, taking the city easily and then the wealthy city of Sidon before then invading Beirut and entering it on October 24. Suddenly, news spread that King Henry I of Jerusalem had died from falling off the balcony of his palace in Acre. The German forces returned immediately to Acre and Duke Henry of Brabant acted as Regent. Time was not wasted and preparations were beginning to be made for Almaric of Cyprus to be made King of Jerusalem. Urged by the German Princes, Amalric married Isabella and was crowned in Acre King of Jerusalem in 1198.

paragraph: The Germans march forth again, reconquering the estates around Byblos Castle (Gibelet) and restoring the land link to the County of Tripoli. They marched against Damascus and even laid siege to Toron when suddenly, news had arrived of Emperor Henry VI's death on Michaelmas Eve. Many German princes had immediately left for the Fatherland to receive confirmation of their lands by the new Emperor. Duke Frederick stayed on, with Wolfger, to continue the war. In the end, Frederick, along with the remaining Germans, had called for an armistice with Al-Adil, who acknowledged King Amalric's rule over the reconquered lands.

paragraph: Frederick fell ill and died on April 16 while returning from Palestine at Acre. Those who bore witness to his death were his companions, Meinhard II, Count of Gorizia, Wolfger, Bishop of Passau, Eberhard, Count of Dörnberg, Ulrich of Eppan and his most trusted attendant. He never married, but was very much beloved by his people, one such being Walther von der Vogelweide, who lamented him especially as Duke Leopold VI gave Walther a less cordial reception at his court.

paragraph: Wolfger performed the German funeral custom, Mos Teutonicus, on him before bringing him back. He was then interred next to his father in Heiligenkreuz Abbey where they remain to this day, in peace.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of rulers of Austria

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Citations

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich I. at AEIOU

description: austrian duke

wikidata_label: Frederick I, Duke of Austria


text: VC

text: Cork

text: Irish

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: 32nd Regiment of Foot

text: Thomas Cadell

text: lieutenant

text: captain

text: The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry

text: British Army

text: Indian Mutiny

text: Siege of Lucknow

text: 25th Regiment of Foot

text: 8th Hussars

text: major

text: 11th Hussars

text: Bodmin

text: Cornwall

text: The Register of the Victoria Cross

text: Ireland's VCs

text: Monuments to Courage

text: Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross

text: Biography

categories: 11th Hussars officers,British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Sikh War,32nd Regiment of Foot officers,1868 deaths,8th King's Royal Irish Hussars officers,Irish officers in the British Army,19th-century Irish people,1831 births,People from County Cork,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,Anglo-Irish people,Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross,King's Own Scottish Borderers officers,British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross

paragraph: Samuel Hill Lawrence

paragraph: Major Samuel Hill Lawrence VC (22 January 1831 – 17 June 1868), born in Cork, was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His father, also called Samuel Hill, had a military career in the 32nd Regiment of Foot and was wounded at Quatre Bras, the prelude to Waterloo. The Lawrence family formed part of the ‘Protestant Ascendancy’ in Ireland. Lawrence Snr. may have been master of the Orange Lodge at Nenagh around the year 1825 and is recorded as living at Belmont Cottage, Douglas, near Cork, Ireland in 1837. His mother, Margaret Macdonald, was of Scots origin. He was the cousin of Lieutenant Thomas Cadell VC.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: He was 26 years old, and a lieutenant, with a recent field promotion to captain, in the 32nd Regiment of Foot (later The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deeds took place on 7 July 1857 and 26 September 1857 at the Siege of Lucknow for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: He was recommended, by the board of officers which considered the claims of almost all those members of the 32nd Foot for Lucknow-related VCs, for a VC with bar. This suggestion was not taken up in later stages of the process. According to the fourth 'clause' of the original warrant creating the V.C., he would only have been eligible for a bar if he had already been decorated before the second V.C. action.

paragraph: Section::::Further information.

paragraph: He later joined the 25th Regiment of Foot, 8th Hussars and ended his military career, in 1865, with the rank of major in the 11th Hussars.

paragraph: The United Services Gazette of 15 August 1868 (p8) reported that ‘Major Samuel Hill Lawrence V.C., late of the 11th Hussars, died on 17 June at Estancia del Arazati (sic) Monte Video (sic) , South America aged 37.’ (15)Uruguay 17 June 1868. In fact, Arazatí is in the 'departamento' ('province') of San Jose, not Montevideo. Research at both Montevideo, including the British Cemetery which is often quoted as his burial place, and Arazatí has, so far, failed to reveal his final resting place.

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry Museum, Bodmin, Cornwall. Lawrence's campaign medals and miniatures are also on display at the museum. They were donated by a member of the Richards family, into which Lawrence's only surviving sister had married.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Listed in order of publication year

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (1981, 1988 and 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ireland's VCs" (Dept of Economic Development, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monuments to Courage" (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross" (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Samuel Hill Lawrence

wikipedia_title: Samuel Hill Lawrence


text: VC

text: English

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: able seaman

text: Royal Navy

text: First World War

text: Zeebrugge Raid

text: Zeebrugge

text: Belgium

text: Arthur Leyland Harrison

text: King George V

text: Buckingham Palace

text: influenza

text: Camberwell Old Cemetery

text: South London

text: Imperial War Museum

text: Monuments to Courage

text: The Register of the Victoria Cross

text: The Zeebrugge and Ostend Raids 1918

text: Location of grave and VC medal

categories: 1898 births,Royal Navy recipients of the Victoria Cross,Royal Navy sailors,British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross,Infectious disease deaths in England,1918 deaths,People from Bermondsey,Royal Navy personnel of World War I

paragraph: Albert Edward McKenzie

paragraph: Albert Edward McKenzie VC (23 October 1898 – 3 November 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: McKenzie was a 19-year-old able seaman in the Royal Navy during the First World War who was taking part in the Zeebrugge Raid when he performed the deed for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: On 22/23 April 1918 at Zeebrugge, Belgium, Able Seaman McKenzie was a member of a storming party on the night of the operation. He landed with his machine-gun in the face of great difficulties, advancing down the Mole with his commanding officer (Arthur Leyland Harrison) who with most of his party was killed. The seaman accounted for several of the enemy running for shelter to a destroyer alongside the Mole, and was severely wounded whilst working his gun in an exposed position.

paragraph: He was presented with his VC by King George V at Buckingham Palace, and after almost recovering from his wounds he died of influenza during the world flu pandemic in October 1918. He is buried in Camberwell Old Cemetery, South London

paragraph: A statue in honour of Albert McKenzie VC was unveiled on 23 October, (the 117th anniversary of his birth), at the junction of Tower Bridge Road, Decima Street and Bermondsey Street in the London Borough of Southwark.

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is still owned by the McKenzie family and is on loan to the Imperial War Museum in London.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- VCs of the First World War - The Naval VCs (Stephen Snelling, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Zeebrugge and Ostend Raids 1918 (Deborah Lake)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(S.E. London)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert McKenzie and the Raid on Zeebrugge "(highly detailed site produced by his great nephew Colin McKenzie)"

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Albert McKenzie VC memorial unveiled in Tower Bridge Road

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Albert Edward McKenzie

wikipedia_title: Albert Edward McKenzie


text: VC

text: English

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: corporal

text: 32nd Regiment of Foot

text: The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry

text: British Army

text: Indian Mutiny

text: Siege of Lucknow

text: Bodmin

text: Cornwall

text: Location of grave and VC medal

categories: Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry soldiers,British recipients of the Victoria Cross,British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Sikh War,People from Tiverton, Devon,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,1823 births,1875 deaths,British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross

paragraph: William Oxenham

paragraph: William Oxenham VC (July 1823 – 29 December 1875) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: He was about 32 years old, and a corporal in the 32nd Regiment of Foot (later The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 30 June 1857 at Siege of Lucknow, for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross:

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry Museum, Bodmin, Cornwall as are his campaign and good conduct medals.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Devonshire)"

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: William Oxenham

wikipedia_title: William Oxenham


text:
VC
Scottish
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
private
42nd Regiment
The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders)
British Army
Indian Mutiny
British India
Walter Cook
National War Museum of Scotland
Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh
Scotland
Monuments to Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Scotland's Forgotten Valour
Location of grave and VC medal

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,1881 deaths,1824 births,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,British Army personnel of the Crimean War,People from Kilmarnock,Black Watch soldiers

paragraph: Duncan Millar

paragraph: Duncan Millar VC also known as Miller (19 June 1824 – 7 July 1881) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: He was 34 years old and a private in the 42nd Regiment, (later The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 15 January 1859 at Maylah Ghat, British India for which he and Private Walter Cook were awarded the VC:

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National War Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Glasgow)"

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Duncan Millar

wikipedia_title: Duncan Millar


text: VC

text: English

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: sergeant

text: British Army

text: Second Boer War

text: Quartermaster Sergeant

text: Monuments to Courage

text: The Register of the Victoria Cross

text: Victoria Crosses of the Anglo-Boer War

text: Location of grave and VC medal

text: Angloboerwar.com

categories: 10th Royal Hussars soldiers,British recipients of the Victoria Cross,Second Boer War recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from Blackheath, London,People educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys,1863 births,1939 deaths

paragraph: Henry William Engleheart

paragraph: Henry William Engleheart VC (14 November 1863 – 9 August 1939) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: Engleheart was 36 years old, and a sergeant in the 10th Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales's Own), British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:

paragraph: Section::::Further information.

paragraph: Englehart was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Barnet.

paragraph: He later achieved the rank of Quartermaster Sergeant.

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at The King's Royal Hussars Museum in Winchester.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victoria Crosses of the Anglo-Boer War (Ian Uys, 2000)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Woking Crematorium)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angloboerwar.com

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Henry William Engleheart

wikipedia_title: Henry William Engleheart


text:
House of Habsburg
Duke of Austria
Styria
Frederick the Fair
Vienna
Albert I of Germany
Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
Meinhardiner
Rudolph III
Swabian
House of Luxembourg
Henry VII
Italian
Guelph
Milan
Guido della Torre
Brescia
King of the Romans
Prince-elector
Louis IV of Wittelsbach
Swiss Confederacy
Battle of Morgarten
Henry
Battle of Mühldorf
Imperial Regalia
Kyburg
Burgau
Pope John XXII
ban
Straßburg
Königsfelden Monastery
Swiss
Windisch
Aargau
Amadeus V, Count of Savoy
Marie of Brabant
Catherine of Austria
Enguerrand VI, Lord of Coucy
Agnes of Austria
Bolko II, Duke of Świdnica

categories: 14th-century House of Habsburg,Dukes of Austria,1326 deaths,People from Vienna,1290 births,14th-century rulers of Austria,Dukes of Styria

paragraph: Leopold I, Duke of Austria

paragraph: Leopold I (4 August 1290 – 28 February 1326) from the House of Habsburg was Duke of Austria and Styria – as co-ruler with his elder brother Frederick the Fair – from 1308 until his death. Born at Vienna, he was the third son of King Albert I of Germany and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol, a scion of the Meinhardiner dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: After the death of his eldest brother Duke Rudolph III in 1307 and the assassination of King Albert in 1308, Leopold became head of the Habsburg dynasty and administrator of the Swabian home territories, where he started a retaliation campaign against his father's murderers. The energetic man converged with the royal House of Luxembourg and accompanied King Henry VII on his Italian campaign. In 1311 he helped to suppress a Guelph revolt at Milan under Guido della Torre and to lay siege to the city of Brescia.

paragraph: Upon Emperor Henry's death, he strongly supported his brother Frederick in the 1314 election as King of the Romans. Despite all efforts (and bribes), the Habsburgs only gained the votes of four Prince-electors, while Louis IV of Wittelsbach, with support of the Luxembourgs, was elected by five. In the following armed conflict between the rivals, the forces of Leopold were supportive of his brother's claims. In his ancestral homeland however, he incurred a decisive defeat by the Swiss Confederacy at the 1315 Battle of Morgarten.

paragraph: When Frederick and their younger brother Henry had been captured at the Battle of Mühldorf in 1322, Leopold struggled for their release. He entered into negotiations with King Louis IV and even surrendered the Imperial Regalia he had kept at Kyburg castle. The parleys failed and Leopold continued to attack the Bavarian forces of Louis, who unsuccessfully laid siege to the Swabian town of Burgau in 1324. After the king had failed to reach the approval of his election by Pope John XXII and was even banned, he released Frederick in 1325. The captive however had to promise to swear his brother to acknowledge Louis as his suzerain, which Leopold refused. Frederick as a man of honour voluntarily returned to the Bavarian court, where he and Louis finally agreed upon a joint rule.

paragraph: Leopold died in Straßburg shortly afterwards, aged 35. His remains were buried at Königsfelden Monastery in the Swiss town of Windisch in the Aargau.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: In 1315, Leopold married Catherine of Savoy (1284–1336), daughter of Amadeus V, Count of Savoy by his second wife, Marie of Brabant. They had two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Catherine of Austria (1320–1349), who married Enguerrand VI, Lord of Coucy.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Agnes of Austria (1322–1392), who married Bolko II, Duke of Świdnica.

alias:
Leopold of Habsburg
Leopold of Hapsburg
Leopold of Austria

description: austrian duke

wikidata_label: Leopold I, Duke of Austria

wikipedia_title: Leopold I, Duke of Austria


text:
VC
DCM
Scottish
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
colour-sergeant
42nd Regiment of Foot
Black Watch
British Army
Indian Mutiny
Bareilly
India
sergeant-Major
Imperial War Museum
Monuments to Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Scotland's Forgotten Valour
Location of grave and VC medal

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,1821 births,1897 deaths,Recipients of the Distinguished Conduct Medal,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from South Lanarkshire,British Army personnel of the Crimean War,Black Watch soldiers

paragraph: William Gardner (VC)

paragraph: William Gardner VC DCM (3 March 1821 – 24 October 1897) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: He was 37 years old, and a colour-sergeant in the 42nd Regiment of Foot (later The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders)), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 5 May 1858 at Bareilly, India for which he was awarded the VC:

paragraph: Section::::Further information.

paragraph: He later achieved the rank of sergeant-Major. His medal was sold by one of his descendants to raise money for charity. His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum, London.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Strathclyde)"

wikidata_label: William Gardner

wikipedia_title: William Gardner (VC)


text: VC

text: Scottish

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: sergeant

text: 93rd Regiment of Foot

text: The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders

text: British Army

text: Indian Mutiny

text: Siege of Lucknow

text: prison governor

text: Stirling Castle

text: Monuments to Courage

text: The Register of the Victoria Cross

text: Scotland's Forgotten Valour

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,British prison governors,Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross,British Army personnel of the Crimean War,1833 births,People from Stirling,Scottish emigrants to Australia,Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders soldiers,1914 deaths

paragraph: John Paton (VC)

paragraph: John Paton VC (23 December 1833 – 1 April 1914) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: Paton was 23 years old, and a sergeant in the 93rd Regiment of Foot (later The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place at the Siege of Lucknow for which he was awarded the VC:

paragraph: He emigrated to Australia in 1861 becoming a prison governor.

paragraph: He lived with his family in a cottage (no longer standing) near the corner of Prospect Road and Robert Street at Summer Hill in Sydney's inner western suburbs. He worshipped at St. Andrews Anglican Church on the corner of Henson and Smith Streets, Summer Hill. A magnificent bronze memorial was erected in his memory by his sisters and is located on the wall to the immediate left upon entering the church main entrance. A park located across the street from the church is named in his honour His grave (including family members) is in the Anglican Monumental Area "AAA, number 414" of Rookwood Necropolis, Strathfield, Sydney. This impressive monumental grave was completely refurbished in mid-2013 by the Office of Australian War Graves, whose duty includes maintaining in perpetuity the graves of all VC Heroes buried in Australia.

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Museum, Stirling Castle, Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders

wikidata_label: John Paton

wikipedia_title: John Paton (VC)


text:
German
geographer
Central Place Theory
Helene Christaller
Altensteig
Germany
Johann Gottlieb Christaller
linguist
Christian missionary
West Africa
German Army
World War I
homeschooled
Universities of Heidelberg
Munich
Southern Germany
Himmler
Second World War
Generalplan Ost
Communist Party of Germany
geography of tourism
Federal Republic of Germany
Jugenheim
List of geographers

categories: Regional economists,German geographers,Victoria Medal recipients,Regional scientists,Human geographers,1969 deaths,Economic geographers,1893 births,Urban geographers

paragraph: Walter Christaller

paragraph: Walter Christaller (April 21, 1893 – March 9, 1969), was a German geographer whose principal contribution to the discipline is Central Place Theory, first published in 1933. This groundbreaking theory was the foundation of the study of cities as systems of cities, rather than simple hierarchies or single entities.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Walter Christaller was born to Erdmann Gottreich and Helene Christaller, an author of Christian-themed children's novels at Berneck (today part of Altensteig in Germany. His paternal grandfather Johann Gottlieb Christaller was a linguist and a Christian missionary in West Africa.

paragraph: Before 1914, Christaller began studies in philosophy and political economics and subsequently served in the German Army during World War I. He was homeschooled and educated at the Universities of Heidelberg and Munich. In the 1920s, he pursued a variety of occupations. In 1929, he resumed graduate studies, which led to his famous dissertation on Central Place Theory, which he published as the "Die zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland" (The Central Places in Southern Germany), in 1933.

paragraph: In the late 1930s, he held a short-lived academic appointment at the University of Freiburg-in-Breisgau. He was never a Nazi and was even noticed for some brawls with Nazi students. He moved into government service, for Himmler's SS-Planning and Soil Office, during the Second World War. Christaller's task was to draw up plans for reconfiguring the economic geography of Germany's eastern conquests (Generalplan Ost), primarily in Czechoslovakia and Poland but also, if successful, Russia itself. Christaller was given special charge of planning occupied Poland, and he did so by using his central place theory as an explicit guide.

paragraph: After the war, he joined the Communist Party of Germany and became politically active. In addition, he devoted himself to the geography of tourism. Since 1950, his Central Place Theory has been used to restructure municipal relationships and boundaries in the Federal Republic of Germany, and the system is still in place today.

paragraph: In 1950, Christaller, together with Paul Gauss and Emil Meynen, founded the German Association of Applied Geography (DVAG). The Walter Christaller Award for Applied Geography is named after him.

paragraph: He died in Jugenheim, Germany on March 9, 1969.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of geographers

description: German geographer

wikidata_label: Walter Christaller

wikipedia_title: Walter Christaller


text:
Irish
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
County Roscommon
University College Cork
Royal Army Medical Corps
Zulu War
Transvaal War
Kachin Hills Expedition
Burma
Franco-Siamese War
World War I
mentioned in despatches
CB
1910 Birthday Honours
1923 Birthday Honours
St Leonards-on-Sea
Sussex
Army Medical Services Museum
Aldershot
The Register of the Victoria Cross
Ireland's VCs
Monuments to Courage
Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross
Location of grave and VC medal

categories: 1854 births,Royal Army Medical Corps officers,Alumni of Queens College Cork,People from County Roscommon,19th-century Irish people,Irish officers in the British Army,Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath,British Army generals,Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery,Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross,1941 deaths

paragraph: Owen Edward Pennefather Lloyd

paragraph: Sir Owen Edward Pennefather Lloyd (1 January 1854 – 5 July 1941) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: Lloyd was born in County Roscommon and educated at Fermoy College and Queen'’s University, Cork (now University College Cork). He joined the British Army Medical Service, later the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC), in 1878. He was in the Zulu War in 1879 and the Transvaal War of 1881–82 before being sent, with the rank of Surgeon-Major, to join the Kachin Hills Expedition in Burma (now Myanmar). There on 6 January 1893 the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:

paragraph: Lloyd took command of the fort after death of Captain Morton. In 1894–95 he was medical officer to the Franco-British boundary commission on the Mekong River that decided the Thai-Lao border after the Franco-Siamese War, and in 1898–99 he was medical officer to British-Chinese boundary commission on the Burma frontier. Later he was Principal Medical Officer in India and then in South Africa, served in World War I (mentioned in despatches), and was Colonel Commandant of the RAMC 1922–24 with the rank of major-general.

paragraph: Lloyd was appointed CB in the 1910 Birthday Honours and was knighted KCB in the 1923 Birthday Honours. He died at St Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, on 5 July 1941.

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: Lloyd's Victoria Cross is displayed at the Army Medical Services Museum (Aldershot, England).

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: "Listed in order of publication year"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (1981, 1988 and 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ireland's VCs" (Dept of Economic Development, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monuments to Courage" (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross" (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Kensal Green Cemetery)"

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Owen Edward Pennefather Lloyd

wikipedia_title: Owen Edward Pennefather Lloyd


text: English

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: Lance-Sergeant

text: The Royal Fusiliers

text: British Army

text: First World War

text: Courcelette

text: France

text: Second Lieutenant

text: Second World War

text: Battle of Britain

text: Royal Air Force

text: Monuments to Courage

text: The Register of the Victoria Cross

text: Location of grave and VC medal

categories: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II,Royal Fusiliers officers,1955 deaths,Royal Flying Corps officers,British Army personnel of World War I,1891 births,People from Hammersmith,British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross,Royal Air Force officers,Recipients of the Military Medal

paragraph: Frederick William Palmer

paragraph: Frederick William Palmer (11 November 1891 – 10 September 1955) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: He was 20 years old, and a Lance-Sergeant in the 22nd Battalion, The Royal Fusiliers, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: On 16/17 February 1917 north of Courcelette, France, Lance-Sergeant Palmer assumed command of his company when all his officers had become casualties. Having cut his way under point-blank fire, through wire entanglements, he dislodged an enemy machine-gun and established a "block". He then collected some other men and held the barricade for nearly three hours against seven determined counter-attacks. While he was fetching more bombs an eighth counter-attack was delivered, threatening the advance of the whole flank. At this critical moment, although suffering from extreme exhaustion, he rallied his men, drove back the enemy and maintained his position.

paragraph: He later achieved the rank of Second Lieutenant. When his battalion was disbanded, he joined the RFC as an observer.

paragraph: After the war, he went to Malaya, where he set up in business. After the outbreak of the Second World War, he returned to England in 1940, arriving just in time for the Battle of Britain, and re-joined the Royal Air Force. He achieved the rank of Wing-Commander, and was mentioned in dispatches at the end of the war. He then returned to Malaya.

paragraph: He retired to the south of England in 1950.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Fusiliers Recipients of the Victoria Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Dorset)"

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Frederick William Palmer

wikipedia_title: Frederick William Palmer


text: Captain

text: VC

text: Scottish

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: corporal

text: The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders

text: British Army

text: First World War

text: Captain

text: James Lennox Dawson

text: Royal Observer Corps

text: World War II

text: Second World War

text: Air Ministry

text: RAF North Weald

text: King George VI

text: Ensign

text: RAF blue

text: Lord Beatty

text: Imperial War Museum

text: London

text: Fort George

text: Inverness-shire

text: Monuments to Courage

text: The Register of the Victoria Cross

text: Scotland's Forgotten Valour

text: Location of grave and VC medal

categories: People from Tillicoultry,British Army personnel of World War I,British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross,Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders officers,Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders soldiers,1958 deaths,People of the Royal Observer Corps,1890 births

paragraph: James Dalgleish Pollock

paragraph: Captain James Dalgleish Pollock VC (3 June 1890 – 10 May 1958) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: Pollock was 25 years old, and a corporal in the 5th Battalion, The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place at the Battle of Loos, for which he was awarded the VC.:

paragraph: Section::::Further information.

paragraph: He was commissioned into the Cameron Highlanders in 1916 and left the Army in 1919 with the rank of Captain.

paragraph: James Pollock gained the VC for his outstanding bravery in saving his comrades in the Big Willie trench when it was infiltrated by German bombers. Just over two weeks later his second cousin, James Lennox Dawson also won the VC in the same trenches at the same battle. His actions were remarkably similar. Dawson saved his colleagues in the trench by going over the top, under machine-gun fire, to roll away gas canisters that had been blown open by German shells. Both men were 25 years of age and born within six months of each other in the small Scottish town of Tillicoultry. Both were feted back in Scotland and given the equivalent of a civic reception, James Pollock in Tillicoultry and James Dawson in Alloa, barely a week apart in December 1915.

paragraph: Section::::Royal Observer Corps.

paragraph: Pollock volunteered for service the Royal Observer Corps during World War II. He is recorded as being an Observer Officer and full-time Duty Controller in No 33 Aberdeen (Ayr) Group. As far as is known, he was the only ROC Officer in history of the Corps to hold the Victoria Cross. Along with other members of No 33 Group James Pollock stood down on or before 12 May 1945.

paragraph: To mark the end of the Second World War the Air Ministry arranged a huge rally at RAF North Weald in Essex from Saturday 23 June to Monday 25 June 1945. Almost 2,000 members of the ROC from all over the United Kingdom were invited to attend the rally. King George VI had already approved the design of an Ensign for the newly formed Royal Observer Corps, the Ensign was RAF blue with the Union Jack in one corner and also bearing the Corps' crest. It was dedicated at a special service held at North Weald on Sunday 24 June 1945. That day the 2,000 observers carried out the first ever uniformed ROC march past to the accompaniment of the RAF Band with the Under Secretary of State for Air, Lord Beatty, taking the salute. The parade then formed into a huge square and the Royal Observer Corps Ensign was presented by Lord Beatty. The Ensign was borne to the drumhead by Observer Lieutenant Pollock VC. In the parade Observer Lieutenant Pollock bore the Ensign flanked by two senior NCO’s at the head of the massed contingent of observers. A filmed record of the day's events is held in the National Archive at the Imperial War Museum, London.

paragraph: Section::::The medal.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of Queens Own Highlanders, (Fort George, Inverness-shire, Scotland).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- VCs of the First World War - The Western Front 1915 (Peter F. Batchelor & Christopher Matson, 1999)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Strathclyde)"

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: James Dalgleish Pollock

wikipedia_title: James Dalgleish Pollock


text: Royal Air Force

text: Victoria Cross

text: Commonwealth

text: Allied

text: action

text: Germany

text: Second World War

text: Gillingham

text: Kent

text: Gravesend Grammar School

text: portrait

text: Victoria Cross

text: commissioned

text: RAF

text: operations

text: Second World War

text: 1,000-bomber raid against Cologne

text: pilot

text: 'Cookie' bomb

text: 20 OTU

text: RAF Lossiemouth

text: Scotland

text: Pathfinder Force

text: enemy territory

text: targets

text: squadron leader

text: No. 109 Squadron (RAF)

text: VC

text: Cologne

text: Germany

text: Lancaster bomber

text: Gremberg

text: railway

text: marshalling yard

text: Master Bomber

text: Oboe radio bombing equipment

text: mark the targets

text: heavy bomber

text: No. 8 Group

text: formations

text: Mosquito

text: cloud cover

text: AA defences

text: bomber

text: Wehrmacht

text: flak cannon

text: engines

text: squadron

text: German flak artillery

text: Luftwaffe

text: fighters

text: Commonwealth War Graves Commission

text: North Rhine-Westphalia

text: An Irish Airman Foresees His Death

text: W. B. Yeats

categories: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II,British military personnel killed in World War II,People from Gillingham, Kent,1920 births,1944 deaths,British World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross,English aviators,People educated at Gravesend Grammar School,Royal Air Force officers,Royal Air Force recipients of the Victoria Cross,British World War II pilots,Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar (United Kingdom),British World War II bomber pilots

paragraph: Robert Anthony Maurice Palmer

paragraph: Robert Anthony Maurice Palmer, (7 July 1920 – 23 December 1944) was a bomber pilot in the Royal Air Force and a posthumous English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of British and Commonwealth forces. His award was the result of his valour during the Allied action over Germany during the Second World War.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The son of Arthur Palmer and Lillian ("née" Skuse), Palmer was born on 7 July 1920 at Gillingham, Kent. He was educated at Gravesend Grammar School (where a portrait in his memory and his Victoria Cross citation now hang in the school hall), before being commissioned in the RAF.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Palmer first flew in operations during the Second World War in January 1941 and took part in the first 1,000-bomber raid against Cologne in 1942. He was one of the first pilots to drop a 4,000-lb. 'Cookie' bomb. In 1943 he served with 20 OTU at RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland.

paragraph: By the end of 1944, Palmer had completed 110 bombing missions, many with the Pathfinder Force necessitating deep penetration of enemy territory and low-level 'marking' operations against heavily defended targets.

paragraph: At 24 years old, as a squadron leader serving with No. 109 Squadron (RAF), he embarked on what was to be his final mission, for which he received the VC. On 23 December 1944 over Cologne, Germany, Palmer was leading a formation of Lancaster bombers on a daylight raid to bomb Cologne's Gremberg railway marshalling yards. His Lancaster PB371 was designated "Master Bomber" and using "Oboe radio bombing equipment" his orders were to mark the targets for the other heavy bombers to aim for.

paragraph: Palmer was in command of one of 27 Lancasters accompanied by three Mosquitoes from No. 8 Group to attack the Gremberg railway yards. The air raid went badly. The force was split into three formations, each led by an Oboe-equipped Lancaster with an Oboe-equipped Mosquito in reserve. During the outward flight, two Lancasters collided over the French coast with the loss of both crews. On approaching their target over German airspace, they found that the forecasted cloud cover had cleared, leaving them exposed during the long straight approach and vulnerable to Cologne's AA defences. It was thus decided to allow the bombers to break formation and bomb visually.

paragraph: The order to abandon the Oboe run did not reach Palmer, who continued on with his designated role despite his aircraft having already been damaged by Wehrmacht flak cannon. Some minutes before reaching the target two of his engines caught fire, but rejecting alternative evasive action and being determined to provide an accurate and easily visible aiming point for the other bombers, he managed to keep the badly damaged aircraft on a straight course, made a perfect approach and released his bombs. His Lancaster was last seen spiralling to earth in flames and only one member of his crew, the rear gunner, escaped with his life.

paragraph: The squadron lost a Lancaster and a Mosquito shot down by German flak artillery and Luftwaffe fighters, with a further Lancaster abandoned by its crew over Belgium; the losses totalled six aircraft out of the 30 dispatched.

paragraph: Palmer is buried at the Commonwealth War Graves Commission Rheinberg War Cemetery in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The inscription on his gravestone reads: , a quote from 'An Irish Airman Foresees His Death' (1918) by W. B. Yeats.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Second World War Victoria Cross recipients

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Robert Anthony Maurice Palmer

wikipedia_title: Robert Anthony Maurice Palmer


text: VC

text: English

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: Charge of the Light Brigade

text: Wigginton

text: Tamworth

text: Staffordshire

text: Church of St Editha, Tamworth

text: Stanhope Lodge

text: Hyde Park

text: Brompton Cemetery

text: St George's, Hanover Square

text: Tamworth parish church

text: Wigginton

text: 4th Queens Own Light Dragoons

text: Chelsea Hospital

text: First Afghan War

text: Ghunzee medal

text: Crimean War

text: orderly

text: George Paget

text: The National Archives

text: WO 86/6

text: Private

text: Crimean War

text: Balaclava

text: Crimean Peninsula

text: Hampton Court

text: Chelsea Hospital

text: Hyde Park

text: Marble Arch

text: St George's, Hanover Square

text: Oxford Street

text: apoplexy

text: Ghuznee Medal

text: British Crimean Medal

text: Alma

text: Turkish Crimean Medal

text: Viscount Dillon

text: Brighton

text: Louis Desanges

text: Lord Wantage VC

text: Wantage town council

text: oilette

text: The National Archives

text: The National Archives

text: WO 97/1296

text: General Vanson

text: Location of grave and VC medal

categories: 1810s births,British recipients of the Victoria Cross,British prisoners of war,1864 deaths,Crimean War recipients of the Victoria Cross,Burials at Brompton Cemetery,British Army personnel of the Crimean War,British military personnel of the First Anglo-Afghan War,4th Queen's Own Hussars soldiers,British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross,People from Wigginton, Staffordshire

paragraph: Samuel Parkes (VC)

paragraph: Samuel Parkes VC (probably late 1815 – 15 November 1864) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Parkes was awarded his VC for his actions during the Charge of the Light Brigade.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: Born in Wigginton, Tamworth, Staffordshire probably in late 1815, he was baptised at the Church of St Editha, Tamworth on 24 December 1815, the son of Thomas Parks/Parkes and Lydia Fearn/Fern/Fearns; no exact date of birth has been established. Within the family, it is said that he was known as "George". He had two sisters, Elizabeth (baptised 1812) and Mary (baptised 1819); no other siblings are recorded in St Editha's baptismal register.

paragraph: He died on 14 November 1864 at Stanhope Lodge, Hyde Park, London. He was buried in Brompton Cemetery, London in an unmarked pauper's grave (no. 39265, reference R80’6" x 109’ 3") on 19 November 1864 after a funeral at St George's, Hanover Square. A memorial stone was placed on his grave in May 1999, thanks to the efforts of Peter Elkin, and a plaque was placed in Tamworth parish church on Balaklava Day 2004. A new memorial was unveiled in the village of his birth on 14 September 2011 following a fund-raising campaign by the people of Wigginton.

paragraph: According to the Army, he was born in 1813. His own declaration on enlistment declares his age as 18 years old while his discharge papers state precisely that he was 44 years 3 months (i.e. he was born in August or September 1813). His death certificate and the Brompton Cemetery burial register both say, however, that he was aged 49 at death, in which case he was born in 1815. The years around 1830 were a time of agricultural depression in England so, like many before and since, the 16-year-old lad might have lied about his age to enlist in a secure job with reasonable pay. Furthermore, birth and baptism usually followed each other rapidly at that time. On balance, 1815 would seem to be the more likely year of his birth.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Described as a labourer, he enlisted in the 4th Queens Own Light Dragoons on 30 July 1831 and was discharged on 1 December 1857 with four good conduct badges, as an out-pensioner of Chelsea Hospital. He served 11 years with the 4th Light Dragoons in India, including the First Afghan War (Ghunzee medal), and in the Crimean War. Peacetime service with the 4th saw Parkes in Wales and Ireland as well as in England. At Balaklava, he was serving as an orderly to the regimental commanding officer, Colonel Lord George Paget.

paragraph: Parkes' discharge papers show a chequered military career. He earned four good conduct badges, but he won and lost the first badge five times between 1838 and 1850 (i.e. covering his entire service in India and more). He gained the second only in January 1852 and then lost it the same year, regaining it in 1853. He then managed to gain a third in November 1855 and was awarded the fourth only on 18 November 1857 (four days after his discharge Board). In addition, he was sentenced to 56 days imprisonment in Galway Gaol in 1848 by a district court martial in Ireland. Parkes was confined on 9 November 1848, convicted on 21 November 1848 and released on 15 January 1849 – so in addition to his 56-day sentence he was in prison for 11 days before conviction. The offence itself is not specified in the Regimental Muster Roll. Neither is it mentioned in Parkes' discharge papers. But papers catalogued in The National Archives as WO 86/6 show that he was found guilty of being ‘drunk on duty’ and was one of three privates from his regiment so convicted on the same day – one also received 56 days but the other was sentenced to 70 days. This blemished record explains why Parkes was not awarded the Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, which for the cavalry then required 20 years of irreproachable character.

paragraph: Section::::Crimea.

paragraph: Parkes thus remained a Private in the 4th Light Dragoons (from 1861, the 4th Hussars - The Queen's Own) throughout his career. He won his VC on 25 October 1854 in the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Battle of Balaklava during the Crimean War, when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:

paragraph: On 25 October 1854 at Balaclava, Crimean Peninsula, (Charge of the Light Brigade)

paragraph: The VC citation refers to Hugh Crawford as being a Trumpet Major, but he was not promoted to that rank until 1 December 1855.

paragraph: Elkin claims to own the sword which Parkes carried at Balaklava. The sword may have belonged to Parkes at some point in his military career, but it cannot be the one that he used on 25 October 1854 at Balaklava because the VC citation clearly states that Parkes was "deprived of his sword with a shot" and then taken prisoner. What is more, the 4th Light Dragoons had not at that point been equipped with the 1853 pattern light cavalry sabre. Parkes won his VC that day armed with an 1829 pattern light cavalry.

paragraph: Parkes and Crawford were held as Russian prisoners until 26 October 1855 - which makes Parkes the very first prisoner of war VC. Joseph Grigg, who charged with the 4th Light Dragoons at Balaklava, in his article "The Charge of the Six Hundred" reports that "Parks told us that he and some others were taken to St. Petersburg, where they were well treated, and allowed eight pence a day each for food, which was very cheap."

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: On leaving the army after 26 years 58 days reckonable service (i.e. excluding the period in gaol in 1848), he was appointed a warder at Hampton Court, with a pension of 1/1d as an out-pensioner of Chelsea Hospital. He subsequently became the Inspector of the Park Constables in Hyde Park. At one time he worked out of the constables' station inside Marble Arch.

paragraph: He married Ann Jeffrey on 13 February 1858 at St George's, Hanover Square, London; their marriage certificate records that both were then living in Oxford Street. They had no children. As far as is known, he had not been married before.

paragraph: Parkes was one of a number of Light Brigade survivors who in the spring of 1863 swore an affidavit in the celebrated libel case of Cardigan v Calthorpe. His evidence was one of 15 affidavits collected by Calthorpe, the defendant.

paragraph: His discharge papers describe him as 6 ft 2 ins tall with a "fair" complexion, grey eyes and "light" hair.

paragraph: Parkes was the oldest man to win the VC in the Crimean War and is the VC with the earliest campaign medal (Ghuznee 1839).

paragraph: His death certificate records that he died of apoplexy.

paragraph: Section::::Medals.

paragraph: Parkes' Victoria Cross and other medals were once displayed by his regiment but are now in the Lord Ashcroft collection. The painting of his VC action by Chevalier Desanges is in the regimental museum. In total he was awarded four medals: the Victoria Cross, the Ghuznee Medal, the British Crimean Medal with three clasps (Alma, Balaklava, Sebastopol) and the Turkish Crimean Medal (British variety).

paragraph: The VC was bought at auction by the officers of the 4th Hussars and presented to the regiment on Balaklava Day 1954 to mark the centenary of the battle. There was once a second VC awarded to Parkes, a replacement following the "loss" (sale by him?) of his original. Bought at Sotheby’s on 21 December 1879 (lot 275) for £1-12s-0d by Viscount Dillon, he presented it to the Royal United Service Institute Museum c.1920.. The subsequent story of his medals is itself complex. At what date either Parkes, or his family, lost or sold his medals is unknown - although in his regiment the story is that one evening, finding himself without money, he used his VC to pay for several pints of beer. The original VC presented by Queen Victoria in 1857 turned up in 1940 when it was sold in London. It was sold again in 1953 to an anonymous benefactor of the Royal Norfolk Regiment, together with Parkes' Ghuznee medal. He gave them both to their Museum but the Norfolks returned them so that they could be offered to the 4th Hussars - whose officers bought them at auction. As for the duplicate, the RUSI Museum catalogue (1924 edition), states "Experts have been consulted, but they are unable to say which, on comparing them, is the genuine one." On the closure of that Museum in 1963, it was given to the Museum of the Green Howards as a copy with instructions that when they no longer wanted it, it was to be destroyed; claims that they subsequently did this are not correct, as the replica is known to exist in a private collection.

paragraph: Both Crimean medals (without the Ghuznee medal or a VC, real or copy), were sold at Sotheby's (part of lot 110), for £3-18s-0d on 21 June 1906 - in a sale at which the Crimean campaign medals of another four Light Brigade men were also sold. Both were sold again at Glendinings (lot 16), on 12 March 1907, for £2-8s-0d and reappeared in their sale rooms twice more, on both occasions with a copy of a VC: on 27 March 1914 (lot 246), when they made £6-15s-0d and on 23 January 1920 (lot 304) when they went for £3-7s-6d. These are presumably the two Crimean medals that in the mid-1950s were somehow reunited with Parkes' Ghuznee medal and his VC and sold to the 4th Hussars. But a second British Crimean campaign medal with three bars named to Parkes exists - it was shown to Sotheby's and verified by them as genuine in 1972/73.

paragraph: The 4th Light Dragoons' regimental returns in the Crimean Medal Roll [PRO, WO 100/24] show Parkes' entitlement to the clasp for Alma (at f.203 recto) while there is a dash against Inkerman, noting he had been taken prisoner on 25 October. His entitlement to the Balaklava bar is recorded on folio 228 recto. But his name does not appear in the list of those entitled to the Sebastopol clasp (folios 216 recto to 225 recto) - though this was an automatic award for those who had been at Inkermann and/or Balaklava.

paragraph: Section::::Pictures.

paragraph: No photograph of Samuel Parkes is known to exist (unless, by sheer chance, he is one of the privates of the 4th Light Dragoons who appear in a photograph taken at the Cavalry Barracks at Brighton c.1853-54, illustrated in Wilkinson-Latham, no.27 p. 35).

paragraph: The oil painting by the Chevalier Louis Desanges may be a fair and genuine likeness. Between 1857 and 1862, Desanges painted 50 VC winners. Of those, some 23 were Crimean VC winners, but only four of those depicted in the series were rankers. Depicting acts of saving the lives of other soldiers is the common thread explaining why these individual VC winners were picked out for commemoration in the series of paintings, but Samuel Parkes is the only one of the entire 50 to illustrate a ranker saving another ranker, as opposed to a ranker saving an officer. The set of VC paintings were displayed at the Crystal Palace from 1862 to c.1880. They were then bought by Lord Wantage VC who presented them to the Wantage town council in 1900. Later, the collection was dispersed, many being bought by regimental museums. The portraits were widely reproduced as postcards and photographs. The Desanges portrait is reproduced in M. Barthorp, "Heroes of the Crimea. The Battles of Balaklava & Inkerman." (Blandford, London, 1991), p. 132 and in colour in Elkin, "Tamworth's Forgotten Hero.", p. 145.

paragraph: Parkes also appears in the watercolour ‘The Queen distributing the first Victoria Crosses in Hyde Park, 26 June 1857’ by G H Thomas that is in the British royal collection. Not much of him can be seen at the very far left, but he is shown (correctly) wearing the newly introduced dragoon uniform. This painting is reproduced in Elkin, "Tamworth's Forgotten Hero.", p. 44.

paragraph: VC winners were a popular subject for postcards and cigarette cards, but none showing Parkes is accurate, e.g. a John Player & Sons cigarette card from their 1914 series ‘Victoria Cross’ (card no.5) shows him winning his VC still mounted on his horse. The coloured Raphael Tuck oilette postcard (number 9247; artist = H. Montague Love, 1905) in their series ‘How he won the Victoria Cross’ is an even more fanciful depiction of Parkes, showing him dressed in the uniform of a hussar and saving a lancer. This card is reproduced in Elkin, "Tamworth's Forgotten Hero.", p. 143. At least Valentine's "Artotype" series 'The King's Army, 1854' (artist R. Stewart) showed the 4th at Balaklava dressed correctly as dragoons with the right regimental facings, even if the caption called them the 4th Hussars.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Primary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crimean Medal Roll, 4th Light Dragoons: The National Archives, catalogue reference , ff.203r, 228r.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parkes' discharge papers are held by The National Archives, catalogue ref, WO 97/1296.

paragraph: BULLET::::- S. Calthorpe, "Cardigan v Calthorpe: Affidavits filed by the Respondent." (John Murray, London, 1863), p. 31.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Grigg, "The Charge of the Six Hundred.", in ed. E Milton Small, "Told From the Ranks. Recollections of Service by Privates and Non-Commissioned Officers of the British Army 1843-1901." (London, 1901), p. 69.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord George Paget, "The Light Cavalry Brigade in the Crimea." (John Murray, London, 1881), pp. 71, 163, 183, 199.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Secondary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Elkin, "Tamworth's Forgotten Hero. Samuel Parkes VC." (Wonderworks Studios, Nantwich, 2004) .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin D. W. Jones, "Policemen & the Charge of the Light Brigade.", Journal of the Police History Society, IV (1989).

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. M. Lummis & K. G. Wynn, "Honour the Light Brigade." (Hayward & Sons, London, 1973), p. 58. [NB Not every detail here is correct].

paragraph: BULLET::::- John & Boris Mollo, "Uniforms & Equipment of the Light Brigade." (Historical Research Unit, London, 1968), pp. 19 [drawing by General Vanson made 29 October 1854 of a 4th LD private armed with an 1829-pattern sabre], 54.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John & Boris Mollo, "Into the Valley of Death. The British Cavalry Division at Balaklava 1854." (Windrowe & Greene, London, 1994), pp. 106–109.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Wilkinson-Latham, "Uniforms & Weapons of the Crimean War." (Batsford, London, 1977), pp. 35, 92.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Location of grave and VC medal "(Brompton Cemetery)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website linked to Elkin's book on Parkes

paragraph: BULLET::::- EJ Boys Archive: Charge of the Light Brigade website, entry for Parkes.

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Samuel Parkes

wikipedia_title: Samuel Parkes (VC)