text: Riga

text: Latvia

text: Russian Empire

text: Art Nouveau

text: Sergei Eisenstein

text: Saint Petersburg

text: Bila Tserkva

text: Jewish

text: Russian Orthodox Church

text: civil engineer

text: Riga

text: Russian Empire

text: Governorate of Livonia

text: Order of Saint Anna

text: Order of Saint Stanislaus

text: Nikolai Gogol

text: Leo Tolstoy

text: Emile Zola

text: Alexander Dumas

text: Victor Hugo

text: Konstantin Makovsky

text: Sergei Eisenstein

text: Russian Revolution

text: Whites

text: Bolsheviks

text: Russian Civil War

text: Berlin

text: Berlin-Tegel Russian Orthodox Cemetery

text: Art Nouveau

text: Alberta iela

text: Konstantīns Pēkšēns

text: Eižens Laube

text: Paris

text: Exposition Universelle

text: Hector Guimard

text: Gustave Serrurier-Bovy

text: S. Bing

text: Vienna Secession

text: Otto Wagner

text: Josef Hoffmann

text: Symbolist

text: cast iron

text: Historicist

text: stringcourses

text: Leipzig

text: Secession Building

text: Joseph Maria Olbrich

text: medusa

text: relief

text: griffin

text: Isaiah Berlin

text: Brīvības iela

text: Adolf Loos

text: Ornament and Crime

text: Art Nouveau architecture in Riga

categories: People from Saint Petersburg,Russian people of Jewish descent,1920 deaths,Burials in Germany,Imperial Russian architects,Russian exiles,Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Judaism,19th-century Russian architects,19th-century Russian people,Imperial Russian Jews,1867 births,Art Nouveau architects

paragraph: Mikhail Eisenstein

paragraph: Mikhail Osipovich Eisenstein (, ; 17 September 1867 – 2 July 1920) was a civil engineer and architect working in Riga, the present-day capital of Latvia, when the city was part of the Russian Empire. He was active as an architect in the city at a time of great economic expansion and consequent enlargement, which coincided with the flourishing of Art Nouveau architecture. During the years 1901–1906, Eisenstein designed many of what are the best-known Art Nouveau buildings of Riga. His son, Sergei Eisenstein, became a well-known Soviet film director.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: There are different accounts of the background of Mikhail Eisenstein. According to the only printed biography about him by Professor Solveiga Rush, he came from a Jewish family originally from Germany and was born in Saint Petersburg. A Russian-language source however claims he was born as Moisey Aizenshtein in Bila Tserkva, in present-day Ukraine into a Jewish family and in 1902 changed his last name to Eizenstein. Others contend that Mikhail is the son of Osip Eisenstein, a merchant of German-Jewish descent, and his wife, a Russian woman of Swedish origin.

paragraph: Eizenstein converted to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1897. According to his son, he was a "staunch representative and admirer of the Russian bureaucratic class". He studied in Saint Petersburg and graduated as a civil engineer in 1893. Soon thereafter he moved to Riga, the present-day capital of Latvia which was then part of the Russian Empire. He would continue living in Riga until 1917. He was employed at the traffic road department of the regional authorities in the Governorate of Livonia in 1895 and in 1900 appointed head of the department. His work at the department contributed to a rationalization of the maintenance and management of infrastructure in the region. He was awarded several medals and awards for his work as a civil servant, including the Order of Saint Anna (II and III classes) and the Order of Saint Stanislaus (II and III classes). At the same time, he practiced as an independent architect.

paragraph: In 1897 he married Yulia Ivanovna Konetskaya, who came from a prosperous non-Jewish family in Saint Petersburg. The couple settled in a large apartment in central Riga and took active part in the social life of the city's upper strata. According to the recollections of his son, the family had an international outlook and Eisenstein spoke both German and French in addition to Russian. He was interested in history and literature and his library contained the works of Nikolai Gogol, Leo Tolstoy, Emile Zola, Alexander Dumas and Victor Hugo. Apart from his interest in contemporary architecture, Eisenstein furthermore enjoyed art and especially admired the paintings of Konstantin Makovsky. Due to "differences in temperament" and after Yulia had an affair with a general, the couple separated in 1909 and formally divorced in 1912. The couple had only one son, Sergei Eisenstein, who would become a well-known Soviet film director.

paragraph: Following the Russian Revolution, Eisenstein joined the "Whites" (anti-revolutionaries) as an engineer in 1918. His son chose to join the Bolsheviks, which ended their relationship. After the end of the Russian Civil War, Eisenstein settled in Berlin, where he died in 1920. He is buried at the Berlin-Tegel Russian Orthodox Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Architecture.

paragraph: Eisenstein was active as an independent architect in Riga at a time of great economical expansion and consequent enlargement of the city, which coincided with the flourishing of Art Nouveau in the city. Even today, Riga has the highest concentration of Art Nouveau buildings anywhere in the world.

paragraph: Eisenstein designed some of the arguably most well-known of these Art Nouveau buildings, several of which are grouped together on Alberta iela (Albert street) together with other noteworthy buildings by Konstantīns Pēkšēns and Eižens Laube. Since almost no archival or biographical documents remain connected to the life of Eisenstein, his artistic development can only be sketched. It is known that he visited Paris and he may have attended to "Exposition Universelle" of 1900 and experienced the Art Nouveau architecture of Hector Guimard and Gustave Serrurier-Bovy as well as the "L'Art Nouveau" art gallery of S. Bing first-hand; he certainly brought home large numbers of French architectural reviews. Inspiration may also have come from the Vienna Secession and the architecture of Viennese architects Otto Wagner and Josef Hoffmann, which display some superficial similarities with that of Eisenstein. Contemporary Art Nouveau architecture in Saint Petersburg also clearly influenced Eisenstein. It has furthermore been noted that the decorative motifs employed by Eisenstein suggest a strong association with Symbolist ideas.

paragraph: In any case, the main corpus of buildings designed by Eisenstein share a number of characteristics. They are representatives of a highly, occasionally extremely, decorative form of Art Nouveau and display some innovative use of new materials such as cast iron but are conservative in their spatial layout. It can also be noted that although well-known due to their lavishness, the buildings designed by Eisenstein are not representative for how Art Nouveau buildings in Riga in general were designed.

paragraph: Section::::Buildings by Eisenstein.

paragraph: Eisenstein designed a total of about 20 buildings in Riga. While Eisenstein designed buildings as early as 1897, these were in a rather typical and plain Historicist style and bear little resemblance with his later work, characterized by "exuberance and love of ornament".

paragraph: The work for which Eisenstein is most well-known are a set of buildings on and near Alberta iela built between 1901 and 1906. Together they form an architectural ensemble which Jeremy Howard has described in the following way: "As a whole the tenements create a distinctively stylised and energised ensemble, yet at the same time each building appears to compete with its neighbours in terms of modern decorative extravagance." Several of these houses were commissioned by Eisenstein's wealthy client A. Lebedinsky.

paragraph: The first of the buildings forming this loose ensemble is a tenement house on Elizabetes iela (Elisabeth Street) 33, built in a transitional style between Historicism and Art Nouveau in 1901. Already in this building, Eisenstein's characteristic use of pronounced stringcourses and rich sculptural decoration drawing from a Symbolist vocabulary of forms is present. These and other traits, such as Eisenstein's "dramatic sense of contrasts expressed in architectural, sculptural and decorative forms as well as in color, texture and scale" become even more pronounced in the somewhat later buildings on Alberta iela, for example the somewhat more vertically oriented house on number 8 (1903), the strikingly red- and cream-coloured building on number 6 (1903) and the building on Elizabetes iela 10b (1903) with its unusual giant female heads flanking the central bay.

paragraph: The facade of Elizabetes iela 10b was based on patterns and drawings published by two Leipzig-based architects, G. Wünschmann and H. Kozel. The building on Alberta iela 10a was originally designed by Eižens Laube but the facade was rebuilt in 1903 by Eisenstein, containing elements which may have been inspired by the Secession Building in Vienna by Joseph Maria Olbrich. The building on Alberta iela number 4 (1904), also commissioned by Lebedinsky, is more ornamentally restrained with a facade dominated by contrastic window shapes and several large sculptures, including two standing lions elevated above the roof on pedestals at the corners, medusa heads and reliefs of lions or griffins flanking the entrance. It has been described as one of the most distinctive of Eisenstein's facades, together with the building on 2a.

paragraph: The building on Alberta iela 2a (in which the Russian-British philosopher Isaiah Berlin lived 1905–1915) on the other hand is characterized by strong colour contrasts and a strong vertical orientation of the facade; it was designed in 1905. Another project for Lebedinsky is the building on the corner of Alberta iela and Strelnieku iela, built 1904–1906 again in a richly decorated Symbolist form of Art Nouveau with elements of Historicism. The last building of this ensemble, located on Brīvības iela 99 and built in 1905, again displays plentiful sculptural ornament and deep horizontal grooves and stringcourses.

paragraph: A few later buildings by Eisenstein also survive in Riga, so for example on Strugu iela 3 and Lomonosova iela 3. These buildings, built in 1911, lack the characteristic profuse sculptural decoration of Eisenstein's earlier work and may reflect an adaptation to changing international trends towards a reduction in ornamentation, formulated in Adolf Loos' influential essay from 1910, "Ornament and Crime". These later buildings by Eisenstein however still contain recognizable traits of the architect, notably the use of lively colour contrasts.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Nouveau architecture in Riga

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Information about Mikhail Eisenstein on the webbpage of Riga Art Nouveau Centre (in Latvian)

alias:
Michail O. Eisenstein
Mihails Eizenšteins

description: Russian architect and civil engineer

wikidata_label: Mikhail Eisenstein

wikipedia_title: Mikhail Eisenstein


text:
attorney
United States House of Representatives
Ohio
Dayton, Ohio
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
litigation
divorce
second lieutenant
United States Army Reserve
attorney general
Republican
Seventy-eighth Congress
Ohio's 3rd congressional district
House Veterans Committee
G. I. Bill of Rights
World War II
United States Supreme Court
American College of Trial Lawyers
James A. Rhodes
trustee
Wright State University
scholarship
Fairmont Presbyterian Church
Kettering, Ohio
Woodland Cemetery, Dayton, Ohio
Dayton Daily News
The Washington Post

categories: 1901 births,Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio,Politicians from Dayton, Ohio,Wright State University people,Ohio State University alumni,Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives,Burials at Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum,1997 deaths,Ohio Republicans,20th-century American politicians

paragraph: Harry P. Jeffrey

paragraph: Harry Palmer Jeffrey (December 26, 1901 – January 4, 1997) was an attorney and member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Harry P. Jeffrey was born in Dayton, Ohio, the son of a department store manager, Samuel Jeffrey and his wife Grace. Harry Jeffrey attended Dayton's Patterson Grade School and graduated from Steele High School. He was graduated from Ohio State University at Columbus in 1924, and from the College of Law of the same university in 1926.

paragraph: Harry P. Jeffrey was admitted to the bar in 1926 and commenced practice in Columbus, Ohio. He moved back to Dayton in 1927 and continued the practice of law, joining the firm of Iddings & Iddings to form Iddings & Jeffrey. Jeffrey built on their practice providing legal services to entrepreneurs and business enterprises by expanding into litigation, personal injury and divorce.

paragraph: Jeffrey was a second lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve Corps from 1927 to 1930.

paragraph: He became special assistant attorney general of Ohio from 1933 to 1936. In the 1942 mid-term election, Harry P. Jeffrey was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth Congress from Ohio's 3rd congressional district. As a member of the House Veterans Committee, Harry Jeffrey was one of several authors of the G. I. Bill of Rights, which provided benefits to veterans returning from World War II, including loans that enabled military veterans to get a college education. He was unsuccessful in his bid for reelection in 1944.

paragraph: After his congressional service, Harry P. Jeffrey resumed the practice of law in Dayton until his retirement in the 1980s. He argued a case before the United States Supreme Court and became a Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers. Jeffrey was president of the Dayton Bar Association from 1954 to 1955.

paragraph: Governor James A. Rhodes appointed Harry P. Jeffrey to the Advisory Committee of the Wright State Campus of Miami and Ohio State Universities in 1965. When that campus became a full-fledged university, Harry Jeffrey was a trustee of Wright State University from 1967 to 1977. In 1976, he served as chair of the WSU Board of Trustees and retired from the Board in September 1977. He also served on the University Foundation Board of Directors for many years as secretary and then from 1981–83 as president. A scholarship in his memory was established at Wright State.

paragraph: He was a founding member of Fairmont Presbyterian Church in Kettering, Ohio. Harry P. Jeffrey died at Dayton Hospice at the age of 95. He is interred with his wife Susan (1912–1986) at Woodland Cemetery, Dayton, Ohio.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Longtime Lawyer Jeffrey Dies." Dayton Daily News, January 5, 1997, Page 2B.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Harry P. Jeffrey -- Ohio Congressman”, The Washington Post, January 10, 1997, Page B7.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Harry P. Jeffrey

wikipedia_title: Harry P. Jeffrey


text:
Crown of Aragon
Sancho
Count of Provence
Roussillon
Cerdagne
House of Lara
Peter II of Aragon
Latin
by the grace of God
Vallespir
Conflent
Battle of Muret
regent
James I
Peronella
Bernard IV of Bigorre
Pope Honorius III
Viscounty of Béarn
Fenouillèdes
Peyrepertuse
Louis VIII of France
did homage
Majorca
conquest of Majorca
Almoravids
Navarre
Valencia
Lope Díaz II de Haro
Lord of Biscay
escheat
troubadour
Aimeric de Belenoi
planh
courtliness
chivalry
Bajoles
Perpignan
Elne
Aragonese Crusade

categories: 1242 deaths,Counts of Roussillon,Aragonese regents,1180s births,Counts of Cerdanya,People of the Reconquista

paragraph: Nuño Sánchez

paragraph: Nuño Sánchez (, "Nunyó", or" Nunyo Sanç", ) ( 1185 – 1242) was a nobleman and statesman in the Crown of Aragon.

paragraph: Nuño was the son of Sancho, Count of Provence, Roussillon, and Cerdagne, and Sancha Núñez of the House of Lara. His father was dispossessed of Provence in 1185 but maintained Roussillon and Cerdagne until his death in 1223, handing control of them over to his son as early as 1212. He was formally invested with them by Peter II of Aragon later that year. His full Latin title was "Nunus Sancii, Dei gratia dominus de Rossillionis, Vallis de Asperii, Conflent et Cerritane" ("Nuño Sánchez, by the grace of God lord of Roussillon, Vallespir, Conflent and Cerdagne").

paragraph: His investment was of little help to Peter, for Nuño arrived too late to be of any service at the Battle of Muret (1213), where Peter died. Subsequently he and his father served as regents for Peter's minor heir, James I. In 1215 his father married him to Peronella, daughter of Bernard IV of Bigorre, but the marriage was annulled by Pope Honorius III the very next year (1216). James reached his majority in 1223, the year Sancho died, and Nuño began serving James as chief advisor in matters relating to the Viscounty of Béarn.

paragraph: By 1225, however, Nuño had grown weary of Aragonese politics and turned to his interests elsewhere. In 1226 he purchased the viscounties of Fenouillèdes and Peyrepertuse from Louis VIII of France and did homage for them.

paragraph: Nuño was invited to participate in an expedition against Majorca in 1229 and this probably represents his return to favour in the Aragonese court, where the conquest of Majorca from the Almoravids had long been desired. Majorca finally capitulated in 1234 and Nuño was the recipient of much land. He only began to consistently use the title of "count" thereafter.

paragraph: Late in life Nuño accompanied James on his military expeditions into Navarre and Valencia (conquered 1238). In 1220, Nuño had married Teresa López, daughter of Lope Díaz II de Haro, Lord of Biscay. They had no children, so his lands and titles escheated to the crown on his death, either late 1241 or early 1242. The troubadour Aimeric de Belenoi composed a "planh" on his death, significant of his reputation for courtliness and chivalry. He was buried in the hospital of Bajoles, near Perpignan, now disappeared. He left an illegitimate son, the "Bastard of Roussillon," who defended the city of Elne from the French during Aragonese Crusade in 1284.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bisson, Thomas N. "The Medieval Crown of Aragon: A Short History". Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986. .

description: Catalan noble

wikidata_label: Nuño Sánchez

wikipedia_title: Nuño Sánchez


text: College Point, New York

text: Stamford, Connecticut

text: American

text: sculptor

text: teacher

text: Armenian

text: College Point, New York

text: New York City

text: Robert Henri School

text: Homer Boss

text: A.S. Baylinson

text: Art Students League of New York

text: Paul Manship

text: Arshile Gorky

text: Willem de Kooning

text: Marsden Hartley

text: Marcel Duchamp

text: Frank O'Hara

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Auguste Rodin

text: Andy Warhol

text: Ovid

text: Fred Weinberg

text: DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park

text: Fogg Art Museum

text: Honolulu Museum of Art

text: Smithsonian American Art Museum

text: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

text: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

text: Whitney Museum of American Art

text: Los Angeles County Museum of Art

text: Nassau County Museum of Art

text: Neuberger Museum of Art

text: Oklahoma City Museum of Art

text: Delaware Art Museum

text: University of Arizona Museum of Art

text: University of Michigan Museum of Art

text: Guilford College Art Gallery

text: Saint Joseph College Art Gallery

text: Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art

text: Sheldon Art Gallery

text: Walker Art Center

text: National Gallery of Australia

text: Portland Art Museum

text: Boca Raton Museum of Art

text: Pratt Institute

text: Stamford, Connecticut

categories: 20th-century American sculptors,People from Queens, New York,1897 births,Students of Robert Henri,Guggenheim Fellows,Art Students League of New York alumni,Art educators,Artists from New York City,Disease-related deaths in Connecticut,American male sculptors,20th-century American educators,Sculptors from New York (state),American people of Armenian descent,1986 deaths

paragraph: Reuben Nakian

paragraph: Reuben Nakian (August 10, 1897, College Point, New York – December 4, 1986, Stamford, Connecticut) was an American sculptor and teacher of Armenian extraction. His works' recurring themes are from Greek and Roman mythology. Noted works include "Leda and the Swan", "The Rape of Lucrece", "Hecuba", and "The Birth of Venus". He was also commissioned to create portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet in the 1930s.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Reuben Nakian was born on August 10, 1897, in College Point, New York. In 1915, Nakian studied at the Independent School of Art in New York City as well as the Robert Henri School with Homer Boss and A.S. Baylinson. Later he studied at the Art Students League of New York and was apprenticed to Paul Manship.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: He met and befriended painters Arshile Gorky and Willem de Kooning in the 1930s and Marsden Hartley and Marcel Duchamp in the 1940s. Poet Frank O'Hara was the curator of a major Reuben Nakian retrospective at New York City's Museum of Modern Art in 1966 where the artist was also exhibited in 1930. In the exhibition's catalog, O'Hara noted:

paragraph: "Nakian is unrepressed, un-neurotic, unabashed in his approach to sensuality, however tortuous his esthetic commitment, and whether his subject be death, bestiality, or Arcadian dalliance. This explicitness gives the "Nymph and Satyr" plaques a marvelous joy and ease, the "Europa" terra-cottas a voluptous dignity, and the "Leda and the Swan" drawings an almost comic abandon. Unlike most sexually oriented images in modern art, from Auguste Rodin to Andy Warhol, one finds no guilt or masochism in a Nakian. It is outgoing and athletic even in its releases and defeats: the satyr, the bull, the swan, the goat are each circumvented or absorbed by the goddess of his choice in the most choice of circumstances, that of his own choosing, like the amorous "dying" of the Elizabethans or the Metamorphoses of Ovid."

paragraph: Later, he became close friends with composer, musician and sound designer, Fred Weinberg, who said:

paragraph: "Reuben and I became very close friends since we are (were) both in the arts, lived down the street from each other and worked on our music, and art in our Stamford, Ct. country studios. As a composer, I would make tapes of the music Reuben loved, especially Classical.. When I traveled for out of town recording sessions, I would leave my parrots, Paco and Lucy with Ruben. He loved those two parrots which he called "birdbrains". Reuben stated upon my seeing Lucy do her 'business" on one of Reuben's sculpture "Reclining Man" "Its good for the patina!.".(I have some great pics of Ruben and myself with the birds.) When I recorded with George Burns in my Stamord, Ct. studio, I introduced the two to each other, and the "Tuesday Club" began- Sort of a "secret society", where we would partake in a few drinks of Bombay Gin...Ok, more than a few.. (Ruben commented on the interesting label of Bombay Gin). One day, near his death, I found him lying on the grass in his backyard, facing the sky and then he winked, and told me "The Gods are going to call me soon". Upon Reubens death, I wrote and performed a classical piece written for Ruben called "Tribute" performed at The Stamford Library."

paragraph: His work is in the collections of DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park, Fogg Art Museum, Honolulu Museum of Art, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Whitney Museum of American Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Nassau County Museum of Art, Neuberger Museum of Art, Oklahoma City Museum of Art, The Delaware Art Museum, University of Arizona Museum of Art, University of Michigan Museum of Art, Guilford College Art Gallery, Saint Joseph College Art Gallery, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Sheldon Art Gallery, Walker Art Center, National Gallery of Australia, Portland Art Museum, and the Boca Raton Museum of Art.

paragraph: He taught at Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts and at Pratt Institute in New York City.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: He died on December 4, 1986, in Stamford, Connecticut.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marika Herskovic, "New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists" (New York School Press, 2000); . pp. 33, 38, 262-5

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Transcript of 1981 interview with Nakian

description: American sculptor and academic

wikidata_label: Reuben Nakian

wikipedia_title: Reuben Nakian


text:
General
United States Marine Corps
3rd Marine Division
Battle of Iwo Jima
World War II
Columbia, Louisiana
valedictorian
Louisiana State University
National Guard
U.S. Marine Corps Reserve
6th Marine Regiment
Battle of Chateau-Thierry
Belleau Wood
Bouresches
Soissons
St. Mihiel Offensive
Silver Star Medal
French Fourragère
6th Marine Regiment
Haiti
USS "Olympia"
Santo Domingo
Marine Barracks, Quantico
U.S. Army Infantry School
Fort Benning
Nicaragua
José María Moncada Tapia
Basic School
China
5th Marine Regiment
Guantanamo Bay
World War II
V Amphibious Corps
brigadier general
Kwajalein
Saipan
Tinian
Legion of Merit
Marianas
major general
3rd Marine Division
battle for Iwo Jima
Presidential Unit Citation
Navy Distinguished Service Medal
1st Marine Division
El Toro
1st Marine Division
Department of the Pacific
United States Congress
United States Department of Defense
Arlington National Cemetery
Richard Byrd
Antarctica
Erskine Bay
Chieftain
Cherokee
Kentucky colonel
Official Marine Corps biography
Arlington National Cemetery profile

categories: People from Columbia, Louisiana,Louisiana State University alumni,Recipients of the Legion of Merit,1897 births,American military personnel of World War I,Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States),1973 deaths,People of the Banana Wars,United States Marine Corps World War II generals,United States Marine Corps generals,Recipients of the Silver Star

paragraph: Graves B. Erskine

paragraph: General Graves Blanchard Erskine (June 28, 1897May 21, 1973) was a United States Marine Corps officer who led the 3rd Marine Division during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Graves Erskine was born in Columbia, Louisiana, on June 28, 1897, where he graduated from high school at age 15 as class valedictorian. He entered Louisiana State University in the fall of 1912, and joined the Louisiana National Guard. In 1916, he saw duty on the Mexican border. He joined the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, May 21, 1917; and graduated in June 1917.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Upon graduation, Erskine reported for active duty in the U.S. Marine Corps as a second lieutenant on July 5, 1917.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:World War I.

paragraph: In January 1918, he sailed for France, and as a platoon leader in the 6th Marine Regiment, participated in the Aisne-Marne Defensive (Battle of Chateau-Thierry), where he was wounded in action; also fighting at Belleau Wood; Bouresches; and Soissons. In the St. Mihiel Offensive, he was so seriously wounded that he was evacuated to the United States in October 1918, spending a year in the hospital and undergoing nine surgeries.

paragraph: For bravery in action, he was awarded the Silver Star Medal, was cited by the Commander-in-Chief, AEF, and in General Orders of the War Department, and entitled to wear the French Fourragère as a member of the 6th Marine Regiment.

paragraph: Following recruiting duty in Kansas City, Missouri, he was assigned foreign shore duty with the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade in Haiti; sea duty aboard the USS "Olympia"; and again foreign shore duty, with the 2nd Marine Brigade in Santo Domingo. In September 1924, he became Depot Quartermaster, Marine Barracks, Quantico, Virginia. He later completed instruction at the U.S. Army Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia, and was assigned to the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico as an instructor.

paragraph: In March 1928, he was assigned two years' duty in Nicaragua, serving briefly with the 2nd Marine Brigade, and later with the Nicaragua National Guard Detachment. During this period, he organized the Presidential Guard, served as aide and personal bodyguard to President José María Moncada Tapia, and commanded a battalion of the Guardia Nacionale in jungle operations against organized bandits in northern Nicaragua.

paragraph: Upon his return to the United States, he was an instructor at the Basic School, Marine Barracks, Philadelphia Navy Yard; completed the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; and served as an instructor again at Marine Corps Schools, Quantico. From January 1935 until May 1937, he was stationed in China, serving as a member of the Marine detachment at the American embassy in Peiping. In June 1937, he began a three-year assignment as a section chief at Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, then served as executive officer of the 5th Marine Regiment at Quantico and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:World War II.

paragraph: When World War II broke out, he was serving as chief of staff, Amphibious Force, Atlantic Fleet (later redesignated Amphibious Corps, Atlantic Fleet). In September 1942, he joined the Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet, in San Diego, California, as chief of staff, and performed duty in Alaska in July and August 1943 during the planning and training phase of the assault on Attu and Kiska in the Aleutians. Immediately after this, he assumed duty as chief of staff of the V Amphibious Corps and embarked for the Pacific area. Overseas, he was promoted to brigadier general in November 1943 (with rank from September 1942), and was assigned additional duty as deputy commander, V Amphibious Corps. For exceptionally meritorious service during the assault and capture of Kwajalein, Saipan, and Tinian, he received two awards of the Legion of Merit, both with combat "V". He also performed additional duties during the Marianas campaign as Chief of Staff of East Marine Force, Pacific.

paragraph: Following the Marianas operation, he was promoted to major general in September 1944, and the following month assumed command of the 3rd Marine Division. He led the 3rd Division in the battle for Iwo Jima where members of the division were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for extraordinary heroism, and he was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Post-war military career.

paragraph: Immediately after the war, as commanding general of the 3rd Marine Division then stationed on Guam, he organized vocational schools on Guam to aid Marines under his command in postwar trades and skills, prior to their return to civilian life.

paragraph: In October 1945, General Erksine was ordered to Washington and as a result of a special Congressional Act was appointed Administrator of the Retraining and Reemployment Administration (RRA). In June 1947, upon his request to return to duty with the Marine Corps, the general assumed command of the Marine Barracks, Marine Training and Replacement Command, Camp Pendleton, California. The following month, with the return of the 1st Marine Division from China to Camp Pendleton, he became commanding general of the 1st Marine Division, as well as commanding general of Camp Pendleton. In May 1949, he was assigned additional duty as deputy commander of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific.

paragraph: During this period, the Marine air units at El Toro were molded together with the 1st Marine Division troops at Camp Pendleton, and it was this combination that embarked for Korea when hostilities erupted in that area.

paragraph: In June 1950, the Secretary of Defense appointed General Erskine as Chief of Military Group, Joint State-Defense Mutual Defense Assistance Program Survey Mission to Southeast Asia. In carrying out his assigned duties with the Mission, he visited the Philippines, French Indochina, Malaya, Thailand and Indonesia. Upon completing this assignment, General Erskine received orders in December 1950 directing him to assume duties as commanding general of the Department of the Pacific, San Francisco, California. He also performed additional duties as Member of the Advisory Group, Western Sea Frontier; and commanding general, Marine Corps Emergency Forces, Western Sea Frontier.

paragraph: In July 1951, as a lieutenant general, he became commanding general, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic.

paragraph: Upon his retirement from active duty in the Marine Corps, General Erskine was advanced to four-star rank, July 1, 1953, by reason of having been specially commended for heroism in combat.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Department of Defense.

paragraph: He was authorized to retire from active service by a Special Act of the United States Congress, in June 1953, for the purpose of accepting a position as assistant to the Secretary of Defense as director of special operations of the United States Department of Defense, and served in this post for over eight years, until October 31, 1961.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Death.

paragraph: Erskine died, on May 21, 1973, at Bethesda, Maryland. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Military awards and decorations.

paragraph: Erskine's military awards include:

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Admiral Richard Byrd, during his last mission to Antarctica, named Erskine Bay in honor of General Erskine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary Chieftain in the Cherokee Indian Tribe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kentucky colonel.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Marine Corps biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arlington National Cemetery profile

description: Recipient of the Purple Heart medal

wikidata_label: Graves B. Erskine

wikipedia_title: Graves B. Erskine


text:
Lancashire
Saint Martin's School of Art
Church
Accrington
Manchester Municipal College of Art
Loyal North Lancashire Regiment
Military Cross
Third Battle of Ypres
Cambrai
France
Royal College of Art
Édouard Lantéri
Art Workers Guild
Royal Society of British Sculptors
St Annes on Sea
Lancashire

categories: Modern sculptors,Recipients of the Military Cross,Academics of Saint Martin's School of Art,English male sculptors,British Army personnel of World War I,1969 deaths,English sculptors,1882 births,Alumni of the Royal College of Art,Artists' Rifles soldiers,Loyal Regiment officers,People from Accrington

paragraph: Walter Marsden

paragraph: Walter Marsden (1882–1969) was an English sculptor born in Lancashire. He saw active service in the First World War and was awarded the Military Cross. After the war, like many other sculptors who were also ex-servicemen, he carried out sculptural work on war memorials. Most of these were erected in Lancashire.

paragraph: Marsden also spoke at speaking engagements about a wide variety of art-related topics. In 1944 he became an instructor at Saint Martin's School of Art and continued teaching until about 1952.

paragraph: Section::::Personal and career life.

paragraph: Walter Marsden, the son of a blacksmith, was born in Church near Accrington in Lancashire, England in 1882.

paragraph: Starting in 1901 he was an apprentice at the Accrington Brick and Tile Company, whose owners, the McAlpine family, recognised his talent, and encouraged him to study at the Accrington Technical School. From there, Marsden secured a place at the Manchester Municipal College of Art in about 1908. In the 1911 census he gave his occupation as a "clay modeller".

paragraph: He served as an officer in the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment and was awarded a Military Cross fighting in the Third Battle of Ypres in 1917. He was later taken prisoner at Cambrai, France and sent to a prisoner of war camp.

paragraph: After the war he returned to his studies and attended the Royal College of Art between 1919 and 1920 where Édouard Lantéri was one of his instructors

paragraph: From 1930 until 1941, when he resigned, Marsden was a member of the Art Workers Guild. From 1930 to 1941 he was a member of the council of the Royal Society of British Sculptors; He became a Fellow of the Society in 1938 and remained so until 1956. Marsden was a Saint Martin's School of Art temporary instructor starting in 1944. He taught modelling. He was a full-time instructor from 1948 to 1952, his work including teaching sculpture.

paragraph: Marsden died in August 1969.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Notable work.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Notable work.:St Annes on Sea War Memorial.

paragraph: Marsden carried out the sculptural work for the war memorial at St Annes on Sea in Lancashire. The memorial was unveiled on 12 October 1924. One of the figures to the side of the central column is a soldier described as "with twisting body and clenched fist", and the second shows a seated woman holding a baby.

paragraph: In the book "A Century of Remembrance", a description of the work includes the following: " ... a mother with a child on her knee and the artist wished to convey that she had just been told of her husband's death and in her shock barely noticed the child's pleadings.

paragraph: Section::::Speaking engagements.

paragraph: As part of the Art Workers Guild, Marsdon held numerous speaking engagements between 1933 and 1938. Some of the topics included Medieval art, American sculpture, art criticism, and Pre-Raphaelite sculptors.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Marsden placed his works in the following exhibitions:

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Walter Marsden

wikipedia_title: Walter Marsden


text: SJ

text: Roman Catholic priest

text: meteorologist

text: observatory

text: Manila

text: nephoscope

text: Royal Society

text: "Atlas of the Philippine Islands"

text: "The Climate of the Philippines"

text: "The Cyclones of the Far East"

text: "Mirador Observatory, Baguio, Benguet"

text: "Science in the Philippines"

categories: People from Manresa,Catalan inventors,Catholic clergy scientists,Jesuit scientists,1856 births,1930 deaths,Spanish meteorologists

paragraph: José María Algué

paragraph: José María Algué, SJ (29 December 1856 – 27 May 1930), was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest and meteorologist in the observatory of Manila. He invented the barocyclonometer, the nephoscope and a kind of microseismograph. Father Algué was an honorary member of the Royal Society of London and the Pontificia Accademia Romana.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1897). "Baguíos y Ciclones Filipinos"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1897). "El Barociclonómetro"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1898). "Las Nubes en el Archipiélago Filipino"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1898). "El Baguio de Samar y Leyte, Octubre 12-13, 1897"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1900). "El Archipiélago Filipino"

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1904). "Atlas de Filipinas"

paragraph: Works in English translation

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1900). "Atlas of the Philippine Islands", Government Printing Office.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1902). "Ground Temperature Observations at Manila", 1896-1902, Bureau of Public Printing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1904). "The Climate of the Philippines", Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1904). "The Cyclones of the Far East", Bureau of Public Printing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1908). "The Meteorological Conditions in the Philippine Islands, 1908," "Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society", Vol. XXXV, No. 151.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1909). "Mirador Observatory, Baguio, Benguet", Bureau of Printing.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Udías Vallina, Agustín (2003). "Searching the Heavens and the Earth. The History of the Jesuit Observatories," Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 293.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walsh, James J. "Science in the Philippines", New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Warren, James Francis (2009). "Scientific Superman: Father José Algué, Jesuit Meteorology, and the Philippines under American Rule, 1897-1924." In "Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State", Part VIII, University of Wisconsin Press.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics

wikidata_label: José María Algué

wikipedia_title: José María Algué


text:
biathlete
2018 Winter Olympics
sprint
individual
relay

categories: Olympic biathletes of Bulgaria,Bulgarian male biathletes,Biathletes at the 2018 Winter Olympics,1992 births,Living people

paragraph: Dimitar Gerdzhikov

paragraph: Dimitar Gerdzhikov () (born 27 March 1992) is a Bulgarian biathlete. He competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics where he finished 81st in the sprint and 43rd in the individual and was part of the lapped relay.

description: Bulgarian biathlete

wikidata_label: Dimitar Gerdzhikov

wikipedia_title: Dimitar Gerdzhikov


text: Herentals

text: Antwerp

text: Isabella Brant

text: Peter Paul Rubens

text: Philip Rubens

text: Nicolaas Rubens, Lord of Rameyen

text: Albert Rubens

text: Brussels Privy Council

text: Antwerp

text: doctor of both laws

text: Nicolaas II Rockox

text: Lancelot II of Ursel

text: Joyous Entry

categories: Family of Peter Paul Rubens,Belgian librarians,Belgian civil servants,1534 births,Belgian historians,Canon law jurists,People of the Spanish Netherlands,1610 deaths,History of Antwerp

paragraph: Hendrik de Moy

paragraph: Hendrik de Moy (Herentals, 21 April 1534 – 15 February 1610, Antwerp) was secretary of Antwerp city council and a historian.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was born the son of Nicolaes de Moy, secretary of Herentals, and Catharine Monincx. In 1596 he married Clara of Gülick, daughter of Melchior, in the church of Saint Walburga. They became the parents of Clara de Moy, who married Jan Brandt, clerk of Antwerp city council, and whose daughter Isabella Brant married Peter Paul Rubens. Hendrik's other daughter, Maria de Moy, married Philip Rubens. Several of his descendants followed him in service of the city of Antwerp and became clerks of the city council.

paragraph: Section::::Family.:Descendants.

paragraph: Henri de Moy: Secretary of Antwerpbr"Married to Clara of Gülick"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clara de Moy;br"married Jan Brandt, clerk of Antwerp city council".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabella Brant (1591-1626);br"married Peter Paul Rubens"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolaas Rubens, Lord of Rameyen (1618-1655)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Maria Rubens, Lord of Rameyen (1642-1672): alderman of Antwerp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Rubens; secretary of the Brussels Privy Council.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria de Moy,"married Philip Rubens (1574–1611)": secretary to Cardinal Ascanio Colonna.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip II Rubens (1611-1678): Secretary of Antwerp.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Before he settled in Antwerp he completed his studies as a doctor of both laws. He was appointed by Nicolaas II Rockox and Lancelot II of Ursel, Mayors of Antwerpen. During his career, over a 25-year period, he successfully reassembled the archive dispersed after the fire in the city hall in 1576. He inventorised and organised the old archive. His works are of great importance for the history of the city, among them an important work describing the Joyous Entry of the archdukes.

paragraph: De Moy was buried inside the cathedral and a street in Antwerp was named after him.

wikidata_label: Hendrik de Moy

wikipedia_title: Hendrik de Moy


text:
Paiküla
Saare County
Saaremaa
Kaarma
Päevaleht
Saaremaa
Estonian Writers' Union
Endel Lippmaa
Rahumäe cemetery
Tallinn

categories: 1871 births,People from Saaremaa Parish,Estonian male short story writers,1930 deaths,Burials at Rahumäe cemetery,People from the Governorate of Livonia,Estonian male novelists,Estonian journalists,20th-century Estonian novelists

paragraph: Jakob Mändmets

paragraph: Jakob Mändmets (July 29, 1871 – December 25, 1930) was an Estonian writer and journalist.

paragraph: Jakob Mändmets was born in Paiküla, Saare County on the island of Saaremaa. He studied from 1885 to 1888 at the Teachers' Training College of Kaarma. He then worked in the counties of Saaremaa, Läänemaa and Harjumaa as a teacher. He then embarked on a career in journalism. From 1903 until its ban in 1905, he worked as an editor at the Estonian newspaper "Uus Aeg", and then between 1906 and 1910 at Päevaleht. From 1910-1916 he employed at Tallinna Teataja and from 1916 until his death again at Päevaleht.

paragraph: In began writing books in 1897, writing mainly stories, novellas and short stories that describe life in Estonia. A large part of his work he dedicated to the humble daily life on his native island of Saaremaa, and became known for writing village stories like "Night-herdsmen" (1901), "The Pastor Romer" (1917), and "Through the Underwood" (1927). He also published plays, essays and reviews. In 1922 he became a member of the Estonian Writers' Union.

paragraph: Mändmets was the grandfather of physicist and academician Endel Lippmaa. Following his death he was interred at Rahumäe cemetery in Tallinn, Estonia.

description: Estonian writer and journalist

wikidata_label: Jakob Mändmets

wikipedia_title: Jakob Mändmets


text: Moscow

text: Uzbekistan

text: FC Lokomotiv Moscow

text: Russian Premier League

text: Russian Cup

text: Russian Super Cup

text: Commonwealth of Independent States Cup

wikipedia_title:
Moscow
Uzbekistan
FC Lokomotiv Moscow
Russian Premier League
2002 Russian Premier League
2004 Russian Premier League
Russian Cup (football)
1996–97 Russian Cup
Russian Super Cup
2003 Russian Super Cup
Commonwealth of Independent States Cup

categories: Sanfrecce Hiroshima players,Russian people of Uzbekistani descent,Uzbekistani expatriate sportspeople in Russia,Russian footballers,FC Lokomotiv Moscow players,Expatriate footballers in Japan,Russian Premier League players,Uzbekistani expatriate footballers,Uzbekistani expatriate sportspeople in Japan,People from Sosnovsky District, Tambov Oblast,Uzbekistani footballers,Uzbekistan international footballers,Living people,FC Lokomotiv Moscow managers,Association football defenders,Russian football managers,J1 League players,Expatriate footballers in Russia,Russian Premier League managers,1974 births

paragraph: Oleg Pashinin

paragraph: Oleg Alekseyevich Pashinin (, born 12 September 1974 in Moscow) is a former Uzbekistani football defender working now as an assistant manager for FC Lokomotiv Moscow.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian Premier League (2): 2002, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian Cup (5): 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russian Super Cup (1): 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Commonwealth of Independent States Cup (1): 2005

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Player profile at RFPL official site

description: Uzbekistani footballer

wikidata_label: Oleg Pashinin

wikipedia_title: Oleg Pashinin


text:
Đurađ I
Balša II
fall of the Serbian Empire
Serbian Emperor
Lord Žarko
Lake Skadar
Republic of Ragusa
Vojislav Vojinović
Đuraš Ilijić
Kotor
Serbian Orthodoxy
Roman Catholicism
Vukašin Mrnjavčević

wikipedia_title:
Đurađ I Balšić
Balša II
Fall of the Serbian Empire
Serbian Empire
Žarko (nobleman)
Lake Skadar
Republic of Ragusa
Vojislav Vojinović
Đuraš Ilijić
Kotor
Serbian Orthodox Church
Catholic Church
Vukašin of Serbia

categories: 14th-century births,Serbian Roman Catholics,Converts to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy,Balšić noble family,Former Serbian Orthodox Christians

paragraph: Stracimir Balšić

paragraph: Stracimir Balšić (; fl. 1360 – 15 January 1373†) was a Lord of Zeta, alongside his two brothers Đurađ I and Balša II, in ca. 1362–1372. The Balšić family took over Zeta, by 1362, during the fall of the Serbian Empire. Stracimir took monastic vows and died in 1373. He left three sons, one of whom later became the Lord of Zeta (Đurađ II).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Stracimir was the eldest son of Balša I (his two brothers were Balša II and Đurađ I), a petty nobleman who held only one village during the rule of Serbian Emperor Stephen Dušan the Mighty (r. 1331–1355). Some years after the death of the Emperor, Balša I and his sons managed to expand their local power, beginning by taking lands previously held by Lord Žarko (south of Lake Skadar, Lower Zeta). In 1361, during a conflict between the Republic of Ragusa and Vojislav Vojinović, they supported Ragusa. For this, they became Ragusan citizens in May or 3 July 1361. In 1362, the three brothers killed "čelnik" Đuraš Ilijić, and expanded further into Upper Zeta. Their father died the same year. The brothers succeeded their father ruling Zeta together, though Đurađ I was the major figure. They were called ""oblastni gospodari"" ("provincial lords") in charters of Emperor Uroš V the Weak (r. 1355–1371). In 1368, after Đurađ I's attack on Kotor, the Serbian court deemed him a rebel. The brothers converted from Serbian Orthodoxy to Roman Catholicism in 1368/1369, in order to further their coastal ambitions.

paragraph: Stracimir married firstly Irene Duklina, and secondly Milica Mrnjavčević, the daughter of "Serbian King" Vukašin Mrnjavčević. He had three sons with Milica:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Đurađ II (1385–1403), married Jelena Lazarević

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gojko (died before 1372)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivaniš (died before 1372)

paragraph: Stracimir became a monk and was tonsured before his death on 15 January 1373, and the power was now shared by Đurađ I, Balša II, and Stracimir's son Đurađ II, who each held an individual appanage.

description: Lord of Zeta

wikidata_label: Stracimir Balšić

wikipedia_title: Stracimir Balšić


text:
c.
Walloon
Protestant
theologian
Geneva
Genevan religion and politics
John Calvin
William Farel
Reformation
Antoine Froment
Tournai
Augustinian nunnery
abbess
Martin Luther
Strasbourg
Scripture
Duke of Savoy
prince-bishop
Marguerite of Navarre
Francis I of France
Catholic
Graesslé, Rev. Dr. Isabelle

wikipedia_title:
Circa
Walloons
Protestantism
Theology
Canton of Geneva
History of Geneva
John Calvin
William Farel
Reformation
Antoine Froment
Tournai
Augustinian nuns
Abbess
Martin Luther
Strasbourg
Bible
Charles III, Duke of Savoy
Prince-bishop
Marguerite de Navarre
Francis I of France
Catholic Church
Isabelle Graesslé

categories: 1561 deaths,Feminists,15th-century women,Christian feminist theologians,Calvinist and Reformed theologians,Women religious writers,16th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians,Roman Catholic abbesses,1490s births,Protestant Reformers,16th-century women writers,Walloon emigrants,16th-century writers,Theologians from the Republic of Geneva,Writers from the Republic of Geneva

paragraph: Marie Dentière

paragraph: Marie Dentière (c. 1495–1561) was a Walloon Protestant reformer and theologian, who moved to Geneva. She played an active role in Genevan religion and politics, in the closure of Geneva's convents, and preaching with such reformers as John Calvin and William Farel. In addition to her writings on the Reformation, Dentière's writings seem to be a defense and propagation of the female perspective in the rapidly changing world. Her second husband, Antoine Froment, was also active in the reformation.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Much of Marie Dentière's early life remains unknown. She was born in Tournai (in modern Belgium) into a relatively well-off family of the lesser nobility. She entered the Augustinian nunnery of Saint-Nicolas-dés-Prés in Tournai at a young age in 1508, eventually becoming abbess in 1521.

paragraph: Martin Luther's preaching against monasticism led her to flee to Strasbourg in 1524 to escape persecution — not only for abandoning her position as a nun, but for converting to the Reformation. Strasbourg was a popular refuge for Protestants at that time.

paragraph: While in Strasbourg, in 1528, she married Simon Robert, a young priest. Soon they left for an area outside of Geneva to preach the Reformation, and had five children together. Robert died 5 years later in 1533, and the now widowed Dentière married Antoine Froment, who was at work in Geneva with Farel. Dentière's outspokenness strongly irritated Farel and Calvin, which in turn drove a rift between them and Froment.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Religious accomplishments.

paragraph: Dentière's work stresses the importance of the Reformation, but also the need for a larger role for women in religious practice. To Dentière, women and men were equally qualified and entitled to the interpretation of Scripture and practice of religion. In Geneva in 1536, following the successful rebellion against the Duke of Savoy and the local prince-bishop, Dentière composed "The War and Deliverance of the City of Geneva". The work was published anonymously, and called for Genevans to adopt the Reformation.

paragraph: In 1539, Dentière wrote an open letter to Marguerite of Navarre, sister of King Francis I of France. The letter, called the "Epistre tres utile", or "very useful letter", called for an expulsion of Catholic clergy from France, advocated a greater role for women in the church, and criticized the foolishness of the Protestant clergy who compelled Calvin and Farel to leave Geneva. The letter was quickly suppressed due to its subversiveness.

paragraph: However her encouragement of women's involvement in writing and theology angered Genevan authorities. Upon publication, the "Epistle" was seized and most of the copies destroyed. Only approximately 400 copies of the letter survived and entered circulation. Following the publication and subsequent suppression of Dentière's work, the Genevan council prevented the publication of any other woman author in the city for the rest of the 16th century.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , pp. xxx + 110.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Disse, Dorothy, "Do we have two Gospels, One for Men and Another for Women?", "Other Women's Voices", May 5, 2006, retrieved May 13, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Graesslé, Rev. Dr. Isabelle, "Reformation Sunday: Ecclesiastes 9:14–18a; 1 Ephesians 2: 4–9; John 8:12–14b", "Semper Reformanda", retrieved May 13, 2006.

description: Genevan theologian

wikidata_label: Marie Dentière

wikipedia_title: Marie Dentière


text:
Yerevan
Armenia
football
defender
Armenia national team
Euro 2004 qualifying
Greece
Araks Ararat
Armenian Cup
Armenian Premier League
Metalurh Donetsk
Ukrainian Premier League
Banants Yerevan
Armenian Cup

wikipedia_title:
Yerevan
Armenia
Association football
Defender (association football)
Armenia national football team
UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying
Greece national football team
Spartak Yerevan FC
Armenian Cup
Armenian Premier League
FC Metalurh Donetsk
Ukrainian Premier League
FC Banants
Armenian Cup

categories: FC Zorya Luhansk players,Armenian footballers,Ukrainian Premier League players,1979 births,Armenian Premier League players,Expatriate football managers in Ukraine,FC Banants players,Armenian expatriate footballers,Armenian expatriate football managers,Armenian football managers,FC Stal Alchevsk players,Ulisses FC players,FC Hoverla Uzhhorod players,Expatriate footballers in Ukraine,Living people,FC Stal Kamianske managers,Sportspeople from Yerevan,Armenia international footballers,Association football defenders,FC Metalurh Donetsk players

paragraph: Yegishe Melikyan

paragraph: Yegishe Melikyan (, born on 13 August 1979 in Yerevan) is a retired Armenian football defender and manager.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was a member of the Armenia national team, participated in 29 international matches since his debut in away Euro 2004 qualifying match against Greece on 16 October 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Araks Ararat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armenian Cup winner: 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armenian Premier League champion: 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metalurh Donetsk

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ukrainian Premier League bronze medals: 2001/02, 2002/03, 2004/05

paragraph: BULLET::::- Banants Yerevan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armenian Cup winner: 2007

description: Armenian footballer

wikidata_label: Yegishe Melikyan

wikipedia_title: Yegishe Melikyan


text:
JP
English
Berkshire
Tory
Conservative
Member of Parliament
Sonning
High Sheriff of Berkshire

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1820–1826,1793 births,UK MPs 1835–1837,UK MPs 1847–1852,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,1872 deaths,UK MPs 1837–1841,Tory MPs (pre-1834),High Sheriffs of Berkshire,UK MPs 1826–1830,UK MPs 1830–1831,UK MPs 1852–1857,UK MPs 1857–1859,People from Sonning,UK MPs 1841–1847

paragraph: Robert Palmer (MP)

paragraph: Robert Palmer, JP (31 January 1793 – 24 November 1872) was an English gentleman from Berkshire and Tory/Conservative Member of Parliament.

paragraph: The son of Robert Palmer Senior and Jane Bowles, he lived at Holme Park in Sonning. Active in county politics, he was a magistrate in 1815 and High Sheriff of Berkshire in 1818. In his will, he endowed 'Robert Palmer's Almshouse Charity,' which remains active today.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Robert Palmer

wikipedia_title: Robert Palmer (MP)


text: bishop

text: Catholic Church

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Memphis

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Pensacola, Florida

text: Tate High School

text: Faulkner State Junior College

text: Bay Minette, Alabama

text: Associate of Arts

text: Alabama State University

text: Montgomery, Alabama

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: The Catholic University of America

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Boynton Beach, Florida

text: Master of Divinity

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: Cathedral of the Sacred Heart

text: Pensacola, Florida

text: Fort Walton Beach, Florida

text: West Florida

text: National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus

text: Pope John Paul II

text: titular bishop

text: Rusubisir

text: episcopal consecration

text: Theodore McCarrick

text: vicar general

text: Pope Francis

text: Memphis, Tennessee

text: SOLT

text: vicar general

text: curia

text: diocesan chancellor

text: Memphis Jubilee Catholic Schools

text: Wilton Gregory

text: Bernard Hebda

text: Pope Francis

text: Joseph Kurtz

text: apostolic administrator

text: Catholic News Agency

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Donald Wuerl

text: Vatican Secretary of State

text: National Black Catholic Congress

text: National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus

categories: People from Pensacola, Florida,African-American Roman Catholic bishops,Faulkner State Community College alumni,American Roman Catholic bishops,Alabama State University alumni,Catholic University of America alumni,St. Vincent de Paul Regional Seminary alumni,1954 births,Living people

paragraph: Martin Holley

paragraph: Martin David Holley (born December 31, 1954) is an American bishop of the Catholic Church who served as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Memphis, Tennessee, from 2016 to 2018. He was an auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington, D.C., from 2004 to 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Holley was born in Pensacola, Florida, and graduated from Tate High School in 1973. While a student there he was a basketball standout and active in student government. He graduated in 1975 from Faulkner State Junior College in Bay Minette, Alabama, with an Associate of Arts degree in general studies, and from Alabama State University in Montgomery, Alabama in 1977 with a Bachelor of Arts in management. At both institutions, Bishop Holley excelled at basketball and participated in student government.

paragraph: Holley undertook post-graduate studies at the Theological College at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., and St. Vincent de Paul Seminary in Boynton Beach, Florida, where he earned a Master of Divinity degree. He was ordained to the priesthood on May 8, 1987, at the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Pensacola, Florida.

paragraph: Section::::Priestly ministry.

paragraph: Holley served as associate pastor and administrator of St. Mary Catholic Church, Fort Walton Beach, Florida, associate pastor of St. Paul Catholic Church, Pensacola, and as administrator and pastor of Little Flower Catholic Church, Pensacola. He was a member of the diocesan council of priests, the spiritual director of the Serra Club of West Florida, the spiritual director and instructor for the permanent diaconate program, the director of the Department of Ethnic Concerns of the diocese, and a member of the Joint Conference of the National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal ministry.

paragraph: Pope John Paul II appointed him titular bishop of Rusubisir and auxiliary bishop of Washington on May 18, 2004, Holley received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, Archbishop of Washington, on July 2, 2004. In November 2014, he was elected by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops to serve on the board of the Catholic Legal Immigration Network. For 12 years, Holley served as auxiliary bishop and the vicar general for non-Hispanic ethnic ministries. He was a member of the Washington InterFaith Network, the International Foundation for the support of Deaf People, and Catholic Athletes for Christ. He also became a member of the archdiocesan College of Consultors, Presbyteral Council, Seminarian Review Board, Administrative Board, and chairman of the College of Deans. Within the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, he was a member of the Committee on Laity, Marriage, Family Life and Youth; the Committee on Pro-Life Activities; the Subcommittee on Hispanic Affairs; and the National Collections Committee.

paragraph: Pope Francis named him Bishop of Memphis, Tennessee, on August 23, 2016, and he was installed as bishop on October 19, 2016.

paragraph: Holley transferred about 75% of the pastors in the diocese within a few months of becoming bishop, first requesting their resignations and giving them the title "parochial administrator" rather than "pastor" of the same parish, to allow him to transfer them without their resignation. He also appointed a Canadian priest, Msgr. Clement J. Machado, SOLT to three diocesan offices: vicar general, moderator of the curia and diocesan chancellor. In January 2018, citing lack of funds, the diocese announced the closure of the ten schools in its network of Memphis Jubilee Catholic Schools, founded in 1999 to serve children from poor families.

paragraph: In June 2018, Archbishops Wilton Gregory of Atlanta and Bernard Hebda of St. Paul-Minneapolis visited the Memphis diocese on behalf of the Vatican to investigate complaints about Holley's leadership. They met with several dozen priests. Machado resigned from the diocese shortly after Gregory and Hebda completed their visitation and Holley assigned a different priest to each of the three offices Machado had held.

paragraph: On October 24, 2018, Pope Francis removed Holley as bishop, citing concerns about his reassignment policy, and named Archbishop Joseph Kurtz of Louisville to oversee the diocese as apostolic administrator. The following day, Holley said to Catholic News Agency that he believed he was removed as "revenge" for advising Pope Benedict XVI against appointing Cardinal Donald Wuerl, under whom Holley served as auxiliary bishop in Washington, for the job of Vatican Secretary of State in 2012. On March 5, 2019, the Vatican announced the appointment of Bishop David Prescott Talley to Holley's former post. Bishop Talley was the Bishop of Alexandria, Louisiana.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Black Catholic Congress bio of Martin Holley

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus bio of Martin Holley

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Martin Holley

wikipedia_title: Martin Holley


text:
American
baseball
New York Mutuals
left fielder
Harry Wright
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Union Grounds
Fred Waterman
New York Gothams
New York Mutuals
Boss Tweed
National Association
Long Island City
borough of Queens
"John Hatfield"

categories: 1909 deaths,1847 births,Baseball player-managers,New York Mutuals managers,Cincinnati Red Stockings players,New York Mutuals players,19th-century baseball players,Major League Baseball left fielders,New York Mutuals (NABBP) players,New York Gothams (NABBP) players

paragraph: John Hatfield (baseball)

paragraph: John Van Buskirk Hatfield (July 20, 1847 – February 20, 1909) was an American professional baseball player in the 1860s and 1870s. He was a batting star and versatile fielder for the Mutual Base Ball Club (New York Mutuals) both before and after spending the 1868 season as left fielder for Harry Wright's Cincinnati Red Stockings. Left field was his primary position during four years as a regular player in the major leagues from 1871. For a few decades after leaving the game he was famous for his "world record" long-distance throw. During an 1868 exhibition at Cincinnati's Union Grounds he threw the baseball 132 yards (396 feet). On October 15, 1872 Hatfield threw a baseball 400 feet.

paragraph: Section::::Revolver.

paragraph: John Hatfield's season in Cincinnati was the last of the amateur era. Like Fred Waterman, another import from New York, he must have been compensated by members of the Cincinnati club if not by the club itself. He was already famous for "revolving" or changing his membership from one club to another. After playing much of two seasons for the New York Gothams to the Actives in September 1865 and played for two other clubs before the end of that season, probably in November. He played mainly for the Actives in 1866 and joined the New York Mutuals for 1867 (Ryczek 1998, 141). That club was always one of the strongest and by Hatfield's time one of the leaders on the frontier of professionalism. Boss Tweed was a member of the club and it was able to compensate some players with city jobs.

paragraph: Late in 1868 Hatfield missed a match with Cincinnati's intercity rival, the Buckeyes, when a defeat would have required a third game to decide the local championship. After Cincinnati won without him, it came out that he had been benched by his club following a seamy incident the night before. Gamblers had "plied him with liquor, and offered him $200 plus a job in the assessor's office if he would desert the Red Stockings and immediately become captain of the Buckeyes." He had admitted the scheme, but plead intoxication and asked to continue playing with the Red Stockings. They returned him to good standing sometime after the big game.

paragraph: At the same time, the Buckeyes had hired three outside players for the big game. Like the Red Stockings, they had improved their team before the season by importing some eastern stars. Apparently many player engagements were agreed by contracts of some kind, although little is known about the details. At its annual meeting that December, the National Association expressly permitted professional clubs and thus employment contracts for players.

paragraph: For the first professional season John Hatfield signed a contract to play with Cincinnati again, but he later signed also with his prior club the Mutuals, and he returned to New York leaving debts in the Queen City.

paragraph: Section::::Professional.

paragraph: Hatfield remained with the Mutuals for his remaining six seasons as a regular player, 1869–1874 including 1870 as team captain. Thereafter he played only two stray games at that level.

paragraph: John Hatfield died 1909 in Long Island City at age 61. He is buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Maspeth. (Both Long Island City and Maspeth are now in the New York City borough of Queens.)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryczek, William J. (1992). "Blackguards and Red Stockings: A History of Baseball's National Association, 1875-1875." William J. Ryczek. Reprinted 1999 by Colebrook Press (Wallingford, CT). .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryczek, William J. (1998). "When Johnny Came Sliding Home: The Post-Civil War Baseball Boom, 1865-1870". Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wright, Marshall (2000). "The National Association of Base Ball Players, 1857-1870". Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet. "John Hatfield". Retrieved 2006-08-29.

description: professional baseball player

wikidata_label: John Hatfield

wikipedia_title: John Hatfield (baseball)


text: S.V.D.

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Memphis

text: Vacherie

text: Louisiana

text: sugar cane

text: Bay St. Louis, Mississippi

text: Conesus

text: New York

text: philosophical

text: Techny, Illinois

text: theological

text: degree

text: ordained

text: priest

text: Society of the Divine Word

text: professor

text: Saint Stanislaus College

text: Master of Arts

text: Xavier University of Louisiana

text: provincial superior

text: Southern Province

text: Vice-President

text: Auxiliary Bishop

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis

text: Titular Bishop

text: Pope John Paul II

text: episcopal consecration

text: Archbishop John L. May

text: George Gottwald

text: Charles Koester

text: co-consecrators

text: Daniel M. Buechlein

text: Bishop of Memphis

text: 2008 presidential election

text: Pope Francis

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: National Black Catholic Congress

text: National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus

categories: Xavier University of Louisiana alumni,Roman Catholic bishops in Tennessee,African-American Roman Catholic bishops,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis,1940 births,American Roman Catholic bishops,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Roman Catholic Diocese of Memphis,Religious leaders from Louisiana,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,People from Vacherie, Louisiana,Living people

paragraph: J. Terry Steib

paragraph: James Terry Steib, S.V.D. (born May 17, 1940) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Bishop of Memphis from 1993 to 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The oldest of five children, J. Terry Steib was born in Vacherie, Louisiana, to Rosemond and Vivian ("née" Jones) Steib. He worked alongside his father in the sugar cane fields of Louisiana. He attended St. Augustine Divine Word Seminary in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi from 1953 to 1957, and graduated from Divine Word Seminary in Conesus, New York, in 1961. He completed his philosophical studies also at Divine Word Seminary in Techny, Illinois in 1963, and earned a theological degree from Divine Word Seminary in Bay St. Louis in 1967.

paragraph: Steib was ordained a priest of the Society of the Divine Word on January 6, 1967, and served as Assistant Dean of Students at Divine Word Seminary in Bay St. Louis until 1969. He was a professor at Saint Stanislaus College, a Catholic high school in Bay St. Louis, from 1967 to 1976, and earned a Master of Arts degree in Guidance and Counseling from Xavier University of Louisiana in 1973. In 1976, he was elected to the first of three terms (1976–83) as the provincial superior of the Society of the Divine Word's Southern Province. He was also Vice-President of the Conference of Major Superiors of Men from 1979 to 1983.

paragraph: On December 6, 1983, Steib was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis and Titular Bishop of Fallaba by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on February 10, 1984, from Archbishop John L. May, with Bishops George Gottwald and Charles Koester serving as co-consecrators. He was named to succeed Daniel M. Buechlein as the fourth Bishop of Memphis on March 24, 1993, and installed on May 5, 1993.

paragraph: During the 2008 presidential election, Steib declared: "We cannot be a one issue people ... If our conscience is well formed, then we will make the right choices about candidates who may not support the Church's position in every case."

paragraph: Pope Francis accepted his resignation - as is customary when a bishop turns 75 - August 23, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Memphis Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Black Catholic Congress bio of J. Terry Steib

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus bio of J. Terry Steib

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: J. Terry Steib

wikipedia_title: J. Terry Steib


text:
Major-General
Toronto
3rd Canadian Division
First World War
Mount Sorrel
Belgium
poison gas
Louis Lipsett
Battle of Mount Sorrel
Etobicoke
Toronto
Ontario
University of Toronto
Carl Ahrens
Canadian Army
The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada
brevet
major
Sault Ste. Marie
Lieutenant-Colonel
Sam Hughes
First World War
Canadian Expeditionary Force
Quebec City
Brigadier-General
1st Canadian Infantry Brigade
Plymouth
Edwin Alderson
Salisbury Plain
King George V
Queen Mary
Lord Roberts
Lord Kitchener
Richard Turner, VC
Arthur Currie
Western Front
Ypres
Second Battle of Ypres
poison gas
chlorine
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Festubert
Givenchy
British Indian
Major-General
3rd Canadian Division
Julian Byng
Mount Sorrel
mines
Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery
Commonwealth War Grave
mentioned in dispatches
Louis Lipsett
Freemason
Armistice with Germany
Masonic Lodges
West Toronto Junction
The General Mercer Lodge
The General Mercer Lodge
Masonic Temple

categories: Canadian generals,Canadian Expeditionary Force officers,1916 deaths,Canadian Companions of the Order of the Bath,The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada,Canadian military personnel killed in World War I,University of Toronto alumni,1859 births

paragraph: Malcolm Mercer

paragraph: Major-General Malcolm Smith Mercer (17 September 1859 – 3 June 1916) was a Canadian general, barrister and art patron who practiced law in Toronto and led the 3rd Canadian Division during the first two years of the First World War before he was killed in action at Mount Sorrel in Belgium. Mercer was an experienced militia commander and had demonstrated a great flair with training and organising the raw Canadian recruits during the opening months of the war. He also demonstrated courage under fire, visiting the front lines on numerous occasions at the height of battle and personally directing his forces in the face of poison gas attacks and heavy shellfire.

paragraph: Mercer remains the most senior Canadian officer ever to die in combat and was unfortunate to be killed at the opening engagement of the largest battle of his career, when he was trapped by shellfire during a front line reconnaissance and overrun during the subsequent German attack. The division Mercer created and trained remained one of the best units of the Canadian army under his successor Louis Lipsett and Mercer was remembered by the men under his command, many of whom attended his funeral in the aftermath of the Battle of Mount Sorrel.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Mercer was born in September 1859 in Etobicoke, a small town to the west of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. He was the third of nine children to Thomas and Mary Mercer and was raised in Delmer and St Catharines. During his childhood he was educated at local schools and worked on the family farm before enrolling at the University of Toronto in 1881 to study philosophy. He graduated in 1885 and turned his attention to law, being called to the bar three years later. He established a practice in Toronto and had several partners, forming a highly successful but discreet firm which he managed until 1914. Mercer never married or had children and reportedly he was "quiet and unobtrusive. He avoided publicity, moved little in society and in his legal practice preferred to keep his clients out of court, if he could."

paragraph: During his years in the law, Mercer used his substantial income to support the arts and amassed a large art collection including many pieces by Carl Ahrens, of whom Mercer was a close friend and admirer. This art collection was auctioned off in 1925 and was found to contain a selection of art, porcelain, sculpture and antique furniture from around the globe. Mercer was also a keen amateur painter himself and was also an excellent sportsman who represented Canada and the Canadian Army in shooting contests both at home and in Britain.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: Mercer's greatest passion however was reserved for the Canadian militia, which he joined as a student in 1881. Posted to The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada as a private soldier, Mercer devoted much time and energy to the unit and became an excellent soldier and first-rate shot. Mercer rose steadily through the ranks of the militia, being made an officer in 1885 and a captain in 1891. In 1903 as a brevet major, Mercer led a company to Sault Ste. Marie to calm a riot by striking dock workers, his only deployment before 1914. In 1911, Mercer was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant of the regiment and in 1913, Mercer was aide-de-camp to Defence Minister Sam Hughes during a military tour of Europe, during which he inspected the German army first-hand and became convinced that war was imminent.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.:Outbreak of World War.

paragraph: At the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, Mercer was amongst those immediately called upon by Hughes to establish and build a Canadian Expeditionary Force. Ordered to take his regiment to Camp Valcartier near Quebec City at 12.30 on the 4 August, Mercer worked in his law office until 12.00 before arriving on time at the barracks in uniform. Within days he had been promoted to Temporary Brigadier-General in command of the 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade which consisted of the first four battalions of the Expeditionary Force recruited in Ontario. Amongst these men his militiamen were dispersed, intended to spread experience and morale amongst the raw recruits. At the end of September, after just under two months training, the brigade departed on the 20-day sea voyage to Britain as the first installment of the Canadian Expeditionary Force.

paragraph: On arrival at Plymouth a British officer, Lieutenant General Edwin Alderson, took overall command of the "Canadian Contingent" as the Expeditionary Force was then known and Mercer was despatched to Camp Bustard on Salisbury Plain, where he oversaw the training and organising of the Canadian Force to ready it for fighting in Belgium and Northern France. Mercer performed well at this task and an inspection of his camp on the 4 November by King George V, Queen Mary, Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener drew the compliment "No finer physique in the British Army. A fine brigade. Splendid." Mercer's fellow brigadiers in the Expeditionary force, Richard Turner, VC and Arthur Currie commanded similar training camps and together the officers prepared their men for departure to France on 9 February 1915.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.:Second battle of Ypres.

paragraph: Dispatched for the Western Front, the Canadian Contingent was initially deployed near the Belgian town of Ypres where on the 22 April Mercer's men became embroiled in the Second Battle of Ypres. A German attack on French lines had caused massive casualties through the use of poison gas and Mercer's brigade was fed piecemeal into the battle as reinforcements by poorly coordinated staff officers. In a confused and bloody encounter the untested Canadian forces held back the Germans despite being forced to wrap urine-soaked cloths around their faces to counteract the chlorine gas. The next day, Mercer's men were directed to attack an escarpment named Mauser Ridge, an operation which failed because French troops ordered to support the Canadian line did not arrive. Mercer himself travelled to the front line to witness the battle and came under fire for the first time before retiring in order to remonstrate with the French officers intended to support him. The Canadian Contingent took very heavy casualties in the battle and subsequently all three Canadian brigadiers were made Companions of the Order of the Bath for their courage and generalship in the action.

paragraph: During the year the Canadian Contingent was involved in further fighting, assaulting German lines in the unsuccessful battles of Festubert and Givenchy. In the aftermath of these engagements, the Canadian Contingent was reorganised into the Canadian Corps, consisting of two divisions led by Turner and Currie who were under the overall command of Lieutenant-General Alderson. Mercer was detached from his Brigade and placed in charge of coordinating the mass of small and independent Canadian units which were steadily arriving from Canada. During the autumn of 1915 Mercer was able to shape this force (which included dismounted cavalry regiments and British Indian artillery) into an effective infantry unit and in January 1916 he was confirmed as Major-General in command of the 3rd Canadian Division, as this disparate force became.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.:Death at Mount Sorrel.

paragraph: In early June 1916, the Canadian Corps was again posted to trenches around the Belgian town of Ypres. The new commander of the Canadian Corps, Julian Byng, was inspecting the Corps positions in front of a German-held rise named Mount Sorrel and noted that the Canadian troops were overlooked by German positions and under constant danger of enemy fire. The Germans also seemed to be digging new sap trenches which implied that an assault was intended. Byng ordered Mercer to make a reconnaissance of the front line and draw up a plan to overrun the more dangerous German positions in a local attack. Mercer complied on the 2 June, conducting a standard inspection of front line Canadian trenches at 08:30.

paragraph: Shortly after Mercer had arrived in the trenches, a massive German artillery bombardment began, heavy calibre shells destroying trenches and caving in dugouts, killing many Canadian soldiers. Mercer was trapped in a dugout and then stunned by a huge shell burst which wounded most of his staff and the officers of the battalion he was inspecting. The more badly wounded among the officers were transported to an underground field hospital but Mercer was left behind with wounded aide Captain Lynam Gooderham, and so was not present when the hospital was buried by the explosion of four mines which preceded a large-scale German attack. In the confused situation, Mercer and Gooderham attempted to escape the advancing enemy but inadvertently ran into crossfire, where Mercer's leg was broken by a bullet.

paragraph: Mercer and Gooderham sheltered from the continued artillery bombardment in a battered trench, both suffering from the effects of their wounds, until 01:00 on the 3 June. By this stage of the battle an artillery duel had begun between the armies who were still mixed together, Mercer and Gooderham trapped in between. At approximately 02:00 a shrapnel shell exploded in the trench in which they were hiding, further wounding Gooderham and killing Mercer instantly with shrapnel wounds to the heart. Gooderham stayed with his commanding officer's body until captured by advancing German troops who buried the general's corpse in a shallow grave at Gooderham's request. The buried field hospital was also captured by the advancing Germans and as a result nobody who knew of the general's whereabouts on the day returned to Allied lines. A staff officer later claimed that the shell which killed Mercer was British in origin, although it is unclear how this conclusion was reached.

paragraph: Believing Mercer to have been captured, General Currie assumed command of the battle and with the use of saturation bombardment was able to retake the lost trenches and drive the Germans back to Mount Sorrel despite heavy casualties. On the 21 June a Canadian burial party found 30 bodies in a sector of trench, amongst them General Mercer's remains, only recognisable by his uniform decoration. Mercer was buried in a military grave at Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery, later surmounted with a Commonwealth War Grave headstone. Mercer's funeral was attended by many men of his Division and from his old regiments as well as numerous Canadian and British officers who had worked alongside him. Mercer was posthumously mentioned in dispatches for his courage under fire, the third time he had been so mentioned, and his division was taken over by Major-General Louis Lipsett who was himself killed in action two years later. Mercer is remembered as an efficient and capable organiser who never got the opportunity to demonstrate the tactical nous he had shown in training and exercises. He also remains the highest ranking Canadian officer to ever be killed in combat and reportedly by friendly fire.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: "General Mercer Public School" in Toronto, originally built in 1923, was named after Mercer.

paragraph: Malcolm Mercer was also an active Freemason. Following the Armistice with Germany in 1918 steps were taken to create new Masonic Lodges in Toronto to accommodate returning soldiers looking to join Freemasonry, including a new Lodge in the West Toronto Junction neighbourhood of Toronto, which was instituted in 1919 and named "The General Mercer Lodge" in honour of Malcolm Mercer. "The General Mercer Lodge" remains active to this day, meeting at the same Masonic Temple in West Toronto where Mercer attended Lodge prior to the war.

description: Canadian First World War general killed in action

wikidata_label: Malcolm Mercer

wikipedia_title: Malcolm Mercer


text: director

text: New Haven, Connecticut

text: Rosemary Theby

text: theatre

text: Siegmund Lubin

text: Lubin Studios

text: Universal

text: Vim Comedy Company

text: Pathé

text: Charlie Chaplin

text: City Lights

text: sound film

text: Hollywood, California

text: pneumonia

text: The Guerrilla

text: The Almighty Dollar

text: When the Earth Trembled

text: Baby

text: The Masked Rider

text: The Notorious Mrs. Sands

text: The Prospector's Vengeance

text: A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

text: The March Hare

text: Oh Mary Be Careful

text: Nobody's Fool

text: Handle with Care

text: Turn to the Right

text: Boy Crazy

text: The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

text: Kisses

text: Top o' the Morning

text: In the Days of Buffalo Bill

text: The Beautiful and Damned

text: Brass

text: Main Street

text: The Brass Bottle

text: Little Johnny Jones

text: The Printer's Devil

text: The Common Law

text: The Bad Man

text: Stephen Steps Out

text: The Marriage Circle

text: Daddies

text: Listen Lester

text: Behold This Woman

text: Tarnish

text: Reckless Romance

text: She Wolves

text: Zander the Great

text: Grounds for Divorce

text: The Beautiful Cheat

text: Monte Carlo

text: Up in Mabel's Room

text: Get 'Em Young

text: Exit Smiling

text: Getting Gertie's Garter

text: The Bachelor's Baby

text: The Girl in the Pullman

text: The Dove

text: The Street of Illusion

text: Dream of Love

text: The Clean Up

text: Montmartre Rose

text: Wonder of Women

text: City Lights

text: Convicted

text: A Strange Adventure

text: The Savage Girl

text: Damaged Lives

text: The Important Witness

text: Mary Stevens, M.D.

text: Police Call

text: Rainbow Over Broadway

text: Managed Money

text: Allez Oop

text: We Live Again

text: Mississippi

text: Barbary Coast

text: The Calling of Dan Matthews

text: The Milky Way

text: F-Man

text: One Rainy Afternoon

text: San Francisco

text: Kelly the Second

text: Hollywood Boulevard

text: Lady Be Careful

text: Mr. Cinderella

text: Mixed Magic

text: Parnell

text: A Day at the Races

text: Walter Wanger's Vogues of 1938

text: Double or Nothing

text: Dangerously Yours

text: Stand-In

text: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

text: A Slight Case of Murder

text: Dangerous to Know

text: Racket Busters

text: Block-Heads

text: The Spider's Web

text: Kentucky

text: The Oklahoma Kid

text: I'm from Missouri

text: Zenobia

categories: American male silent film actors,Male actors from Connecticut,American film directors,Deaths from pneumonia,American male film actors,Infectious disease deaths in California,20th-century American male actors,1882 births,1938 deaths

paragraph: Harry Myers

paragraph: Harry C. Myers (September 5, 1882 – December 25, 1938) was an American film actor and director, sometimes credited as Henry Myers.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in New Haven, Connecticut on September 5, 1882. He was married to the actress Rosemary Theby.

paragraph: Myers had been a theatre actor for 10 years before he went into films as an actor for Siegmund Lubin's Lubin Studios in 1909. By 1914, he was directing his own comedy shorts featuring him and his wife, Rosemary Theby, for Universal, the Vim Comedy Company, and Pathé studios. After 1920 he had many starring roles in feature-length films, the most notable of which was as the eccentric millionaire in Charlie Chaplin's "City Lights" (1931). His career declined after the introduction of sound films. Myers appeared in 330 films between 1908 and 1938, and directed 54 films between 1913 and 1917.

paragraph: He died on December 25, 1938 in Hollywood, California from pneumonia.

paragraph: Section::::Partial filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Guerrilla" (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Almighty Dollar" (1910, Short) - Effeminate Gentleman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "When the Earth Trembled" (1913) - Paul Girard Jr.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baby" (1915, Short) - Harry - the Husband

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Earl of Pawtucket" (1915) - Arthur Weatherbee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man of Shame" (1915) - Lt. Du Fresne

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Face in the Dark" (1918) - Jim Weaver

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conquered Hearts" (1918) - Stonne

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Out of the Night" (1918) - Ralph Evanns

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Masked Rider" (1919) - Harry Burrel

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wildcatter" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Modern Lochinvar" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sky-Eye" (1920) - Harry Mangin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Notorious Mrs. Sands" (1920) - Grey Sands

paragraph: BULLET::::- "45 Minutes from Broadway" (1920) - Daniel Cronin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peaceful Valley" (1920) - Ward Andrews

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Prospector's Vengeance" (1920, Short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court" (1921) - The Yankee / Martin Cavendish

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the High Card" (1921) - Harry Holt

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The March Hare" (1921) - Tod Rollins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oh Mary Be Careful" (1921) - Bobby Burns

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nobody's Fool" (1921) - Artemis Alger

paragraph: BULLET::::- "R.S.V.P." (1921) - Benny Fielding

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Handle with Care" (1922) - Ned Picard

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Turn to the Right" (1922) - Gilly

paragraph: BULLET::::- "When the Lad Came Home" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boy Crazy" (1922) - J. Smythe

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" (1922, Serial) - Robinson Crusoe

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kisses" (1922) - Bill Bailey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Top o' the Morning" (1922) - John Garland

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Days of Buffalo Bill" (1922) - Andrew Johnson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beautiful and Damned" (1922) - Dick

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brass" (1923) - Wilbur Lansing

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Main Street" (1923) - Dave Dyer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Brass Bottle" (1923) - Horace Ventimore

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Johnny Jones" (1923) - The Chauffeur

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Printer's Devil" (1923) - Sidney Fletcher

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Common Law" (1923) - Cardemon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bad Man" (1923) - Red Giddings

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stephen Steps Out" (1923) - Harry Stetson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Marriage Circle" (1924) - Detective

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daddies" (1924) - Robert Audrey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Listen Lester" (1924) - Listen Lester

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Behold This Woman" (1924) - Eugene de Seyre

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tarnish" (1924) - The Barber

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reckless Romance" (1924) - Christopher Skinner

paragraph: BULLET::::- "She Wolves" (1925) - Henri de Latour

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zander the Great" (1925) - Texas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grounds for Divorce" (1925) - Count Zappata

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trails End" (1925) - Harry Kenyon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beautiful Cheat" (1926) - Jimmy Austin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monte Carlo" (1926) - Greves

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Up in Mabel's Room" (1926) - Jimmie Larchmont

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Get 'Em Young" (1926, Short) - Orvid Joy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exit Smiling" (1926) - Jesse Watson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The First Night" (1927) - Hotel Detective

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Getting Gertie's Garter" (1927) - Jimmy Felton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bachelor's Baby" (1927) - Bill Taylor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Girl in the Pullman" (1927) - Jimmy Mason

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dove" (1927) - Mike

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chinatown Mystery" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Street of Illusion" (1928) - Lew Fielding

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dream of Love" (1928) - The Baron

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Clean Up" (1929) - Jimmy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Montmartre Rose" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wonder of Women" (1929) - Bruno Heim

paragraph: BULLET::::- "City Lights" (1931) - Eccentric Millionaire

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meet the Wife" (1931) - Harvey Lennox

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Convicted" (1931) - Sturgeon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Strange Adventure" (1932) - Police Officer Ryan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Savage Girl" (1932) - Amos P. Stitch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Damaged Lives" (1933) - Nat Franklin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Important Witness" (1933) - Drunk

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mary Stevens, M.D." (1933) - Nervous Patient (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Police Call" (1933) - Steward

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rainbow Over Broadway" (1933) - Berwiskey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Managed Money" (1934, Short) - Mr. George Rogers

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Allez Oop" (1934, Short) - Circus Spectator

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Live Again" (1934) - Bailiff (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mississippi" (1935) - Stage Manager (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Barbary Coast" (1935) - Saloon Patron (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Calling of Dan Matthews" (1935) - Club Owner (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Milky Way" (1936) - Photographer at Apartment (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "F-Man" (1936) - Man in Group (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Rainy Afternoon" (1936) - Man in Theatre (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "San Francisco" (1936) - Reveler (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kelly the Second" (1936) - Fight Spectator with Cigars (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hollywood Boulevard" (1936) - Harry Myers- Actor at Trocadero Bar

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lady Be Careful" (1936) - Passerby (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mr. Cinderella" (1936) - Man at Party Helping Splashed Woman (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mixed Magic" (1936, Short) - (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rich Relations" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parnell" (1937) - Man in Courtroom (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Day at the Races" (1937) - Party Guest (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walter Wanger's Vogues of 1938" (1937) - Husband (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Double or Nothing" (1937) - Nightclub Patron (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dangerously Yours" (1937) - Costume Ball Participant (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stand-In" (1937) - Bank Board Member (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" (1938) - Irate Churchgoer (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Slight Case of Murder" (1938) - Partygoer (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dangerous to Know" (1938) - Guest at Party (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Racket Busters" (1938) - Court Stenographer (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Block-Heads" (1938) - Drunk (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Spider's Web" (1938, Serial) - Detective (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kentucky" (1938) - Dancer (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Oklahoma Kid" (1939) - Banker (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm from Missouri" (1939) - Mule Man (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zenobia" (1939) - Party Guest Who Didn't Mind (uncredited)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Moving picture world - Moving Picture Exhibitors' Association - 1914 - Performing Arts - Harry C. Myers. Lubin Actor-Director

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guide to the silent years of American cinema" by Donald W. McCaffrey, Christopher P. Jacobs - Harry Myers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (as Henry Myers)

description: actor, film director

wikidata_label: Harry Myers

wikipedia_title: Harry Myers