text: Massachusetts militia

text: American Revolutionary War

text: Battle of Bunker Hill

text: South Hadley, Massachusetts

text: Battles of Lexington and Concord

text: Minutemen

text: Woodbridge's (25th) Regiment

text: Siege of Boston

text: Cambridge

text: Boston

text: Battle of Bunker Hill

text: William Stacy

text: Battle of Bunker Hill

text: Charlestown

text: isthmus

text: Peninsula

text: William Prescott

text: Israel Putnam

text: Woodbridge's regiment

text: Colonel Prescott's regiment

text: redoubt

text: breastwork

text: Continental Army

text: Charleston

text: Siege of Boston

text: George Washington

text: regiment

text: Col. William Thompson's

text: Pennsylvania regiment

text: Lechmere's Point

text: Benjamin Lincoln

text: Pawlet, Vermont

text: Fort Ticonderoga

text: John Brown

text: Mount Independence

text: Lake Champlain

text: Skenesborough

text: Whitehall

text: John Burgoyne

text: Saratoga

text: South Hadley, Massachusetts

text: Theodore Strong

text: Mount Holyoke College

text: South Hadley, MA

text: National Register of Historic Places

categories: 1739 births,People from South Hadley, Massachusetts,People of colonial Massachusetts,1819 deaths

paragraph: Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge

paragraph: Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge (March 5, 1739March 8, 1819) was an American physician, lawyer, farmer, and military officer who served as a colonel in the Massachusetts militia during the American Revolutionary War. Woodbridge was a commander at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and also owned a rum still, a wood lot, a grazing meadow, and a mill, and came to be the wealthiest man in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Colonel Woodbridge was also a member of the Massachusetts legislature for many years.

paragraph: Section::::Revolutionary War.

paragraph: Section::::Revolutionary War.:Battle of Bunker Hill.

paragraph: Col. Woodbridge entered service on April 20, 1775, the day immediately following the Battles of Lexington and Concord. He commanded a regiment of Minutemen, which was organized into Woodbridge's (25th) Regiment. During the Siege of Boston, Woodbridge's regiment was based at Cambridge near Boston, and participated in the Battle of Bunker Hill, the first large-scale battle of the war. During the Siege of Boston and the Battle of Bunker Hill, Abijah Brown served as lieutenant colonel to Woodbridge, and William Stacy served as major.

paragraph: On June 17, 1775, immediately prior to the Battle of Bunker Hill, Woodbridge marched his regiment in good order from the mainland across the Charlestown Neck, an isthmus connecting the mainland with the Charlestown Peninsula and the battlefield. The regiment was under fire from British naval vessels as they crossed the neck to reinforce Col. William Prescott's regiment; British vessels were bombarding the battlefield and the Charlestown Neck prior to the assault of the British troops. General Israel Putnam, riding his horse from the battlefield to the neck, met Woodbridge's regiment and urged them to run to the battlefield. The rush to battle caused confusion and separation of Woodbridge's men as they arrived at the field of action. Parts of the regiment engaged and joined the battle.

paragraph: Woodbridge's regiment arrived at Bunker Hill immediately prior to the battle. A company from Woodbridge's regiment deployed on the right flank, and a portion of the regiment joined Colonel Prescott's regiment at the redoubt and breastwork on the hill. Woodbridge's regiment "was not commissioned, and there are few details of it, or of its officers, in the accounts of the battle." Reports of the battle indicate that the American defenders on the right flank fought valiantly from behind what cover they could find. The men at the redoubt and breastwork fought until they had no more bullets, finally fighting with the butts of their guns, rocks, and their bare hands. It is also reported that Woodbridge's regiment covered the retreat of the Continental Army across the Charleston Neck to the mainland after the hill was taken by the British.

paragraph: Section::::Revolutionary War.:Lechmere's Point.

paragraph: Woodbridge's regiment was actively involved throughout the Siege of Boston. On November 11, 1775, George Washington wrote to Congress of an incident during the siege, in which Col. Woodbridge and part of his regiment joined with Col. William Thompson's Pennsylvania regiment, defending against a British landing at Lechmere's Point, and "gallantly waded through the water, and soon obliged the enemy to embark under cover of a man-of-war…"

paragraph: Section::::Revolutionary War.:Pawlet Expedition.

paragraph: Colonel Woodbridge served under General Benjamin Lincoln during the Pawlet Expedition of September 1777. A revolutionary force gathered at Pawlet, Vermont for a three-pronged attack of 500 men each against Fort Ticonderoga. Col. John Brown led a force against the outposts of Ticonderoga, Col. Samuel Johnson led a diversionary force against Mount Independence across Lake Champlain from Ticonderoga, and Col. Woodbridge led a covering force to Skenesborough (now known as Whitehall) at the south end of Lake Champlain. Col. Brown's attack successfully crippled the British position at Ticonderoga, preventing supplies or reinforcements from reaching General John Burgoyne, who surrendered the following month at Saratoga.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge presented a bell to his parish in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Tradition says that Colonel Woodbridge went to the foundry and cast fifty silver dollars into the molten metal to give the bell a silvery tone. The memory of Colonel Woodbridge was honored with the following quotes:

paragraph: The duties of his command he performed in a manner highly creditable to himself and to the advantage of the cause which he had espoused. At the call of his country during the Revolutionary War, he often and promptly exerted his military talents and ardor in vindicating the rights, the independence, and laws of his country.

paragraph: The name of Ruggles Woodbridge, already mentioned, is among the proudest associations of the town [South Hadley]. He was a man of great wealth, was a Colonel in the Revolution, and for many years exercised a commanding influence in the town.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Woodbridge did not marry and raised his nephew Theodore Strong, whom he adopted, as his own son. Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge died in 1819 at the age of 80. He is sometimes referred to as Ruggles Woodbridge or Benjamin Woodbridge.

paragraph: The Woodbridge home, known as 'Sycamores', served as a dormitory for Mount Holyoke College (South Hadley, MA) from 1915 to 1970. The mansion, built in 1788 by Colonel Woodbridge, is on the National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sycamores, the home of Colonel Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge.

description: Colonel in the Massachusetts militia, member of the Massachusetts legislature

wikidata_label: Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge

wikipedia_title: Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge


text:
School of Paris
Nijni-Novgorod
Jakimchenko
post-Impressionist
Machloff
Ballets Romantiques Russes
School of Paris
Villefranche-sur-Mer
World War II
Opéra-Comique
Notre Dame des Pauvres
Issy-les-Moulineaux
Paris
Vanves
Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts
University of East Anglia

categories: 1980 deaths,20th-century French painters,1892 births,People from Nizhny Novgorod

paragraph: Léon Zack

paragraph: Léon Zack (1892 – 1980) was a Russian-born French figurative and later abstract painter and sculptor. He has been described as a School of Paris painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Léon Zack was born into a Jewish family in Nijni-Novgorod in Russia on 12 July 1892. He was painting at the age of 13 and exhibiting his work by 15, being a pupil of Jakimchenko from 1905 to 1907. He first studied literature at Moscow University in addition to studying painting. After studying under the post-Impressionist Machloff and settled in France in about 1924 after spending time in Italy and Germany. Whilst in Germany, he designed for the ballet, creating costumes and sets for the Ballets Romantiques Russes. He was an illustrator, painter, designer and sculptor. He has been described a School of Paris painter.

paragraph: In 1926, he had his first one-man show in Paris, painting figures including harlequins and gypsies. He became a Frenchman in 1938. He lived at Villefranche-sur-Mer during World War II. By 1947, he was back in Paris and designing sets again for the Opéra-Comique. Around this time his work ceased to be figurative. He designed stained glass windows, including for Notre Dame des Pauvres at Issy-les-Moulineaux. At the end of his life, he lived on the outskirts of Paris and died in Vanves on 30 March 1980.

paragraph: Zack has work in British national collections, including the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts at the University of East Anglia.

alias:
Leon Zak
Leon Zack
Лев Зак
Lev Zak
Lev Vasilevich Zak
Lev Vasilevich Zack
Lev Zack
Lev Vasil'evic Zak
Lev Vasil'evich Zak

description: artist

wikidata_label: Léon Zack

wikipedia_title: Léon Zack


text:
Court of Exchequer (Ireland)
Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
Anglo-Irish
the Pale
legitimacy
County Meath
Thomas Cusack
Lord Chancellor of Ireland
annulled
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Inner Temple
called to the Bar
Munster
Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond
King's Inn
wardships
Protestant
Church of Ireland
Roman Catholic
James Bathe
William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley
Adam Loftus
Archbishop of Dublin
Bishop of Meath
Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormonde
Elizabeth
Lucas Dillon
annulled
Baron Delvin
Thomas Luttrell
Baron Louth
Baron Trimlestown
Henry Colley
Duke of Wellington

categories: People of Elizabethan Ireland,People from County Meath,Year of birth uncertain,1570 deaths,Members of the Inner Temple

paragraph: Robert Cusack (judge)

paragraph: Robert Cusack (c.1516–1570) was an Irish judge of the sixteenth century, who held office as Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland). He was strongly recommended for the position of Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, but was passed over with a promise of future preferment. His career was cut short by his premature death.

paragraph: He came from a prominent Anglo-Irish landowning family of the Pale. Although his legitimacy was questionable, as his father in later life denied that he had been lawfully married to his mother, this did not harm him in his career.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was born at Cussington, County Meath, the eldest son of Sir Thomas Cusack, later Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and his first wife Joan Hussey. His parents' marriage was unhappy and in 1537 it was annulled; Robert's father in later years denied that there had ever been a valid marriage between himself and Joan, and always spoke of his second wife Maud Darcy as his first "lawful" wife. On the other hand, Thomas acknowledged his paternity of Robert and his other children by Joan, and he seems to have treated them generously enough. In the 1550s Robert was living at Lismullen Abbey, which his father had acquired on the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and later he lived at the older family home at Cussington. The John Cusack who died in 1629 and was described as the owner of Cussington was probably Robert's son.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1552-3 and later acted as Master of the Revels there. He was called to the Bar, and returned to Ireland to practice law. He became second Baron of the Irish Exchequer in 1561. In 1566 he was appointed one of three members of the Council for the Government of Munster, but was accused of showing too much favour to Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond. He sat on several Royal Commissions in the 1560s, to survey lands, determine disputed land titles, and to negotiate with the O'Reilly clan. In 1567 with all the other senior judges he was named as one of the lessees of King's Inn. He was granted several wardships, including that of his niece Mary Wise.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:His attempt to become Chief Baron.

paragraph: He was a staunch Protestant, at a time when many Irish judges, while publicly adhering to the Church of Ireland, practiced the Roman Catholic faith in private: his supporters called him, no doubt with some exaggeration, "the only Protestant on the Bench". On account of his "zeal for the Reformation", Robert was recommended for the office of Chief Baron in 1570, on the death of James Bathe. Robert wrote personally to the Queen's most trusted advisor William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, arguing his case for becoming Chief Baron on the grounds of his long and faithful service to the Crown. He had a formidable group of supporters, including Adam Loftus, Archbishop of Dublin, Hugh Brady, Bishop of Meath, and the Queen's cousin Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormonde ; but against their pleas he was passed over by Elizabeth in favour of Sir Lucas Dillon, James Bathe's son-in-law, despite Dillon's known inclination to the Roman Catholic faith.

paragraph: The Queen however acknowledged that if Dillon had not had the prior claim, she would have given the post to Cusack: for "we hear very good report of him... and so we would have you inform him that he be not in any way discouraged." He would almost certainly have received further promotion had he not died in the summer of 1570. His father outlived him by a few months.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and children.

paragraph: He is said by some sources to have entered an underage marriage with Margaret Kiltane, which was annulled. He later married Katherine, daughter of Sir Christopher Nugent, who was a younger son of Richard Nugent, 4th Baron Delvin.

paragraph: Of his children, who were all by Katherine, various sources refer to six-

paragraph: BULLET::::- John (died 1629)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christopher

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne, who married Richard Luttrell, a grandson of Sir Thomas Luttrell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret, who married John Plunkett, younger son of the second Baron Louth

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine, who married Thomas Delafield.

paragraph: His widow remarried Peter Barnewall, 6th Baron Trimlestown and had further issue by her second marriage.

paragraph: Robert's sister Catherine Cusack, who married Sir Henry Colley, was the ancestor of the 1st Duke of Wellington.

description: Irish judge

wikidata_label: Robert Cusack

wikipedia_title: Robert Cusack (judge)


text:
Ziyarid
Gurgan
Tabaristan
medieval Iran
Vushmgir
Bavandi
Ispahbad
Sharwin II
Bisutun
Samanid
Buyids
Rukn al-Dawla
Khurasan
al-Hasan ibn al-Fairuzan
Semnan
Gilite
'Adud al-Dawla
caliph
al-Ta'i
Ray
Fakhr al-Dawla
Mu'ayyad al-Dawla
Majd al-Dawla
Mahmud of Ghazna
Ghaznavid
Manuchihr
Tabaristan
Bistam
Gorgan
Gonbad Kavous
Qabus nama
Keikavus
Richard Frye

categories: 10th-century Iranian people,Ziyarid dynasty,1012 deaths,Year of birth missing,10th-century monarchs in Asia

paragraph: Qabus

paragraph: Qabus ibn Wushmagir (full name: "Abol-Hasan Qābūs ibn Wušmagīr ibn Ziyar Sams al-maʿālī", ; (died 1012) (r. 977–981; 997–1012) was the Ziyarid ruler of Gurgan and Tabaristan in medieval Iran. His father was Vushmgir and his mother was a daughter of the Bavandi Ispahbad Sharwin II.

paragraph: Section::::Struggle for power.

paragraph: Upon Vushmgir's death in 967, his eldest son Bisutun marched to the capital Gurgan to take control of the Ziyarid state. A Samanid army that had arrived shortly before Vushmgir's death for a joint campaign against the Buyids, however, threw its support behind Qabus. When Bisutun gained the assistance of the Buyid Rukn al-Dawla the Samanid army left for Khurasan. Qabus found a new ally in al-Hasan ibn al-Fairuzan, who ruled in Semnan, but Bisutun occupied both Gurgan and Semnan, forcing Qabus to give up his claims as his father's successor.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Bisutun's death in 977 provided Qabus with another opportunity to take control of the Ziyarids. Bisutun's governor of Tabaristan, the Gilite Dubaj ibn Bani, supported the deceased ruler's young son, and could rely on Samanid support. Qabus gained the loyalty of the Ziyarid army, however, and received assistance from the Buyid 'Adud al-Dawla. Taking Gurgan from Dubaj, he captured Bisutun's son in Semnan. In 978 or 979 the caliph al-Ta'i granted Qabus the title "Shams al-Ma'ali".

paragraph: In 980 Qabus offered refuge to the Buyid ruler of Ray, Fakhr al-Dawla, who had recently fought a losing war with 'Adud al-Dawla. The latter offered the Ziyarid money and territory in exchange for the surrender of Fakhr al-Dawla, but Qabus refused. 'Adud then invaded and conquered Tabaristan; in 981 'Adud's brother Mu'ayyad al-Dawla took Gurgan. Qabus and Fakhr al-Dawla were forced to flee to Samanid Khurasan. The Samanids sent a force to take back the provinces, but were unsuccessful.

paragraph: In 984 Fakhr al-Dawla was able to recover his territories in Ray. Upon the advice of his vizier, however, he refused to give back Qabus control of Gurgan and Tabaristan. Qabus was forced to live in exile until 997, when Fakhr al-Dawla died and was succeeded by his young son Majd al-Dawla. Supporters of the Ziyarid gained control of Tabaristan and from there conquered Gurgan. Qabus returned there in 998. After a few Buyid attempts to expel him again failed.

paragraph: Although he formally recognized the caliph as his sovereign, Qabus ruled effectively as an independent ruler for the rest of his reign. He opened up relations with Mahmud of Ghazna, setting the stage for the eventual Ghaznavid takeover of the Ziyarids, while the Buyids did not undertake any more campaigns against him. Internal troubles, however, soon cost Qabus his position. His heavy-handed approach with officials in the army eventually caused a conspiracy to be formed against him.

paragraph: The army leaders failed to capture him in his castle outside Gurgan, but they took control of the capital and invited Qabus's son Manuchihr, the governor of Tabaristan, to take over. Manuchihr feared that he would lose the succession if he refused and joined the conspirators. He chased Qabus to Bistam, where the latter eventually agreed to abdicate. The conspirators then sent Qabus to a castle in Gorgan. While on the way to the castle, Qabus asked one of the rebels named Abdallah, about whom the perpetrator behind the conspiracy was. Abdallah responded by naming five generals who were the main heads behind the conspiracy, and also said that he was one of the men who played an important role in the conspiracy. He then blamed Qabus' cruelty as the reason for his downfall. Qabus agreed, and told Abdallah, that he should have ordered the execution of him and the other perpetrators before the conspiracy began. Qabus then arrived to the castle where he could spend the rest of his life in devotion. The conspirators, however, still considered him to be a threat and had him frozen to death in 1012.

paragraph: The tower of Gonbad Kavous was built for him as his tomb, and he is the subject of the Qabus nama, a major work of Persian literature from the eleventh century, which was written by his grandson Keikavus.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Frye's "Notes on the Renaissance of the 10th and 11th Centuries in Eastern Iran", Central Asiatic Journal I (1955) 137-143.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. N. Frye (1975). "The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume Four: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs".

description: Ziyarid ruler

wikidata_label: Qabus

wikipedia_title: Qabus


text: English

text: football

text: Sunderland

text: Liverpool

text: Newcastle upon Tyne

text: Sunderland

text: Newcastle West End

text: Newcastle East End

text: St James' Park

text: Shankhouse

text: Aston Villa

text: 1888–89 season

text: the Football League

text: William McGregor

text: Liverpool

text: Herbert Chapman

text: Brian Clough

text: Kenny Dalglish

text: FA Cup Final

text: Burnley

text: Football League First Division

text: World Championship

text: Football League First Division

text: Football League Second Division

text: FA Cup

text: Sheriff of London Charity Shield

text: Manager profile at LFChistory.net

categories: Sportspeople from Newcastle upon Tyne,Liverpool F.C. managers,English footballers,1915 deaths,English football managers,1859 births

paragraph: Tom Watson (football manager)

paragraph: Tom Watson (April 1859 – 6 May 1915) was an English football manager who managed Sunderland and Liverpool around the turn of the 20th century. In winning the league title with both clubs he was the first manager to do so with two clubs.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: In 1881, Watson formed Newcastle upon Tyne-based club Rosehill. Being involved in local football, Watson played for local clubs Woodbine, Rosewood and Heaton. Prior to joining Sunderland, Watson was involved in a secretarial capacity at hometown clubs Newcastle West End and Newcastle East End. Acting as a general manager for both clubs, Watson helped Newcastle West End secure a lease of St James' Park, before resigning in December 1887 due to a crush at a game between Shankhouse, who had been loaned St James' Park, and Aston Villa. Watson later joined Newcastle East End in time for the 1888–89 season, where he continued to recruit Scottish international players, a tactic he had employed at West End.

paragraph: Section::::Sunderland.

paragraph: Watson was in charge at Sunderland for six seasons from 1889–96. During this time, he led the club into the Football League. Under his guidance, Sunderland won three league championships in 1891–92, 1892–93 and 1894–95, making him the most successful manager in their history. Watson's Sunderland were declared the "Team of All Talents" by William McGregor, the founder of the league, after a 7–2 win against Aston Villa.

paragraph: Section::::Liverpool.

paragraph: Watson moved to Liverpool in 1896, and enjoyed further success there until his death in 1915. During his time at Liverpool, he won the league on a further two occasions, in 1900–01 and 1905–06. Those were the first two champion titles in Liverpool history. He therefore became the first manager to lead two different clubs to the League Championship. There have been only three others since; Herbert Chapman, Brian Clough and Kenny Dalglish. Watson also took Liverpool to their first FA Cup Final in 1914, which they lost 1–0 to Burnley.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:As manager.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:As manager.:Sunderland (1889–96).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League First Division

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner: 1891–92, 1892–93, 1894–95

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runner-up: 1893–94

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Championship

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner: 1894–95

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:As manager.:Liverpool (1896–1915).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner: 1900–01, 1905–06

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runner-up: 1898–99, 1909–1910

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Second Division

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner: 1904–05

paragraph: BULLET::::- FA Cup

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runner-up: 1913–14

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sheriff of London Charity Shield

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner: 1906–07

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of English football championship winning managers

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manager profile at LFChistory.net

description: English football manager

wikidata_label: Tom Watson

wikipedia_title: Tom Watson (football manager)


text: Russian-American

text: metaphysical realism

text: Berdyash

text: Russian SFSR

text: Soviet Union

text: Specialist

text: Ufa

text: United States

text: Moscow Museum of Modern Art

text: Moscow

text: Russia

text: Cheboksary

text: Russia

text: Novocheboksarsk

text: Russia

text: Omsk

text: Russia

text: Sergey Kuskov

text: Sergey Kuskov

text: Official website

categories: Russian women painters,Visionary artists,21st-century Russian painters,Fantasy artists,American women painters,Russian surrealist artists,20th-century Russian painters,20th-century American painters,American surrealist artists,1958 births,Women surrealist artists,Russian women artists,20th-century American women artists,People from Zilairsky District,Living people,American contemporary painters

paragraph: Nina Petrovna Valetova

paragraph: Nina Petrovna Valetova (), or Nina Tokhtaman Valetova (), born November 19, 1958, is a Russian-American metaphysical realism painter.

paragraph: Nina Valetova was born in Berdyash, Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union and graduated as a Specialist from the Faculty of Arts and Graphics of Bashkir State Pedagogical Institute in Ufa. She immigrated to the United States in 1993.

paragraph: Section::::Works in public collections.

paragraph: Moscow Museum of Modern Art, Moscow, Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Time of Change, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Labyrinth, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reflection, 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mutants, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Night, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ancient Epics of Ancestors, 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Call of Ancestors, 2008

paragraph: Novocheboksarsk Art Museum, Novocheboksarsk, Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amazin, 2009

paragraph: Omsk Center of Contemporary Art, Omsk, Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Negotiation, 2000

paragraph: Section::::Representation.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amasin Art Gallery, Virginia Beach, VA, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- RoGallery, New York, NY, U.S.A.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 Artexpo New York 2019, New York, NY, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 Amasin Art Gallery, Virginia Beach, VA, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Art Beijing 2011", Beijing, China

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 A. Jain Marunouchi Gallery, New York, NY, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Arte Pordenone 2011", Pordenone, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Arte Genova 2011", Fiera di Genova, Genova (Genoa), Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 Vernissage, Artinvest SRL Torra della Filanda, Rivoli, Torino (Turin), Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010-2011 "From history to contemporary", jma Gallery / N Gallery / Euro-Asian Art and Culture Organization, Wien (Vienna), Austria

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 Fashion District Art Show, New York, NY, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Metamorphosis", Agora Gallery, New York, NY, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Zolotoj Venec" ("Golden Tiara"), Chuvash State Art Museum, Cheboksary, Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 World Fine Art Gallery, New York, NY, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "ArtManege 2001", Manege, Moskva (Moscow), Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "Zolotaya Kist' 2001" ("Golden Brush 2001"), New Manege, Moskva (Moscow), Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Arthaus Gallery, Dallas, TX, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990-1991 Boulevard Galerie, Kopnhavn (Copenhagen), Denmark

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 Republican Young Artists' Exhibition, Ufa, Russia

paragraph: Section::::Albums and art books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "HIMMELBLAU ArtCompass", Art Book, Art Domain Whois Publisher, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "Awarded Art", Art Book, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 International Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art, Casa Editrice Alba, Ferrara, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 2009 International Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art, Casa Editrice Alba, Ferrara, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 Russian Artistic Guide 2002, London Contemporary Art, London, U.K.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 American Art Award, category cubism, United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 Diploma for high professionalism and personal contribution to development of modern art, International Art Academy, Moskva (Moscow), Russia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 Premio ALBA 2009 Certificate and Medal, Casa Editrice Alba, Ferrara, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 Honorable Mention, Unifem Art Exhibition, Dallas, TX, U.S.A.

paragraph: Section::::Television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 Multiple interviews, Bashkortostan 1 TV, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia

paragraph: Section::::Articles and publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 "Heliopause Magazine", literary and art journal, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 "Transformations", the official Tumblr page of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 Heroine's Journey of Nina Tokhtaman Valetova, Peter de Kuster

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 "Nina Tokhtaman Valetova" article, Alberto Moioli – AICA International

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 "The Arthunters",website, Netherlands, "A look at Works of Nina Tokhtaman Valetova"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 "Art Reveal Magazine", online art magazine

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 "Not Random Art", online art magazine

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 " HOOP DOOP MAGAZINE ISSUE" , 2016, Amsterdam, Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 "ART QA Magazine SPRING 2016, Brooklyn, NY

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 "Hidden Treasure Art Magazine Yearbook" UK

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 "Important World Artists", World Wide Art Books, Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 "International Contemporary Artists", vol. VI, ICA Publishing, New York, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Top 50 people in contemporary art. Personal lists of experts.", Afisha, Moskva (Moscow), Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Alternative worlds of Nina Valetova", Sergey Kuskov Memorial Website, Moskva (Moscow), Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Fantasy and Visionary Art of Nina Tokhtaman Valetova", Volochine Publishing Co., U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Artinvest s.r.l. Galleria d'Arte e casa d'aste", no.32 February–March 2011, p. 154, Art&tra, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 "Nina Valetova", ArtisSpectrum, vol.21 2009, New York, NY, USA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "World from the Other Side", Sergey Kuskov

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "Alternative Worlds of Nina Valetova", Sergey Kuskov

paragraph: Section::::Catalogs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Colleción di obras Nina Tokhtaman Valetova", Suu Art Magazine, no.88 2012, Valencia, Spain

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 Catalogo delle Quotazioni 2011–2012, Casa Editrice Alba, Ferrara, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 Sourcebook to the Art World 2009 Guide, Art in America, U.S.A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annually since 2006 "Unified Artists Catalog", Professional Artists Union, Moskva (Moscow), Russia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: American painter

wikidata_label: Nina Petrovna Valetova

wikipedia_title: Nina Petrovna Valetova


text:
Australian cricketer
South Australia
Melbourne Renegades
Test match
One Day International
Australian national cricket team
first-class
Australian Cricket Academy
Matabeleland Invitational XI
Queens Sports Club
Bulawayo
Tim Nielsen
Pakistanis
Bellerive Oval
Darren Lehmann
2009 Ashes
Test
Brad Haddin
Ian Healy
Alastair Cook
Peter Siddle
James Anderson
one day international
Tim Paine
Tamsyn Manou
Cricket Australia Bio
Graham Manou On CricInfo

categories: Melbourne Renegades cricketers,South Australia cricketers,Australian cricketers,Australia Test cricketers,1979 births,Living people,Australia One Day International cricketers

paragraph: Graham Manou

paragraph: Graham Allan Manou (born 23 April 1979) is a former Australian cricketer who played for South Australia and the Melbourne Renegades in Australian domestic cricket, as well as one Test match and several One Day Internationals for the Australian national cricket team. He is a wicket-keeper and aggressive right-handed batsman who has taken more dismissals than any other South Australian player in One Day domestic cricket. Manou announced his retirement from First Class cricket in March 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Junior career.

paragraph: Manou was a successful junior cricketer, who won the Player of the Tournament award when captaining South Australia at the 1997–98 national under-19 carnival.

paragraph: Section::::Domestic career.

paragraph: He made his first-class debut on 22 March 1999 playing for the Australian Cricket Academy against a Matabeleland Invitational XI at Queens Sports Club in Bulawayo. In the 1999–2000 Australian domestic season, Manou replaced the retired Tim Nielsen in the South Australian side as wicket-keeper for the Pura Cup and Mercantile Mutual competitions. Although he impressed with the gloves he struggled with the bat as he scored ducks in four of his first five innings, including a pair against the touring Pakistanis. His batting has improved since then and in 2003–04, when given an opportunity to open the batting, Manou posted a score of 130. He later bettered this in 2007–08 when he scored 190 against Tasmania in a Pura Cup game at the Bellerive Oval.

paragraph: In 2004–05, Manou was appointed vice-captain of the Redbacks and when Darren Lehmann was either on national duty or injured he would be the stand in captain. He led from the front with 433 runs and 36 dismissals. In 2005–06 he took a personal best of 42 Pura Cup dismissals along with 21 in the ING Cup. With the bat he has twice collected $50,000 for his team by hitting the ING sign on the fence (on the full).

paragraph: In season 2008–09, Manou scored 647 runs at an average of 46.21 with a highest score of 124 in Sheffield Shield competition leaving him on the verge of Ashes squad selection. His fine season was capped off with the honour of being selected as the vice captain for the Domestic Sheffield Shield, One Day and Twenty-20 teams of the year.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: He was named in the 2009 Ashes squad, and subsequently made his Test debut in the 3rd Test at Edgbaston, after Brad Haddin broke his finger during the warm-up; making Brad Haddin the first Australian wicketkeeper to miss a test since Ian Healy broke his thumb in 1994. He claimed his first dismissal when he caught Alastair Cook off the bowling of Peter Siddle. During his first innings in the same match he was bowled by James Anderson for just 8 runs. On 31 October 2009, Manou made his one day international debut against India when he was called upon to replace Tim Paine, who had himself been called up as a replacement, after Paine broke a finger.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Manou's wife is Australian Olympic runner Tamsyn Manou, formerly Tamsyn Lewis.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cricket Australia Bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Graham Manou On CricInfo

description: Australian cricketer

wikidata_label: Graham Manou

wikipedia_title: Graham Manou


text: Ulm

text: Leipzig

text: German

text: mathematical historian

text: theologian

text: Moritz Cantor

categories: 1706 births,18th-century German Christian theologians,Historians of mathematics,German male non-fiction writers,18th-century male writers,1745 deaths,18th-century German writers

paragraph: Johann Christoph Heilbronner

paragraph: Johann Christoph Heilbronner (13 March 1706 in Ulm – 17 January 1745 (or c.1747) in Leipzig) was a German mathematical historian ("Mathematikhistoriker") and theologian.

paragraph: Section::::Literary works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Versuch einer Geschichte der Mathematik and Arithmetik" (), 1739

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Historia matheseos universae a mundo condito ad seculum post Chr. Nat. XVI" (or "Historia matheseos universae;" ), 1742

paragraph: These two books are the first books that named and used the phrase ""mathematical history" (", ")".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- von Moritz Cantor in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 11 (1880), S. 313.

paragraph: BULLET::::-  (German)

description: German mathematical historian and theologian

wikidata_label: Johann Christoph Heilbronner

wikipedia_title: Johann Christoph Heilbronner


text: Afyonkarahisar

text: Turkey

text: Geghard

text: Vahram Gayfejyan

text: Sedrak Arakelyan

text: Russian Academy of Arts

text: Saint Petersburg

text: Russo-Finnish wars

text: World War II

text: Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts

text: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic

text: Ashtarak

text: Oshakan

text: Vahan Terian

text: Nazar the Brave

text: Hagop Baronian

text: Central Bank of Armenia

categories: Turkish painters,People from Afyonkarahisar,20th-century Armenian painters,1913 births,1986 deaths

paragraph: Ara Bekaryan

paragraph: Ara Vaghinag Bekaryan (May 30, 1913 - June 18, 1986) was an Armenian painter, graphic, pedagogue, and USSR portrait artist. He was born in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey to a family of educators.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1932, Bekaryan graduated from Yerevan's Geghard College with Vahram Gayfejyan and Sedrak Arakelyan

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1939, Bekaryan graduated from the Russian Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- From 1939 to 1945 he joined the Russo-Finnish wars and World War II

paragraph: BULLET::::- From 1945 to 1986 he lectured at Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts and the Yerevan State Institute of Theatre and Cinematography

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1964, a professor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition in 1930

paragraph: BULLET::::- Individual exhibitions in 1947 (Yerevan), 1964 (Yerevan), 1964 (Moscow)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic distinguished artist in 1945

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic portrait artist in 1965

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Close to the Swing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashtarak

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oshakan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vahan Terian's portrait

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nazar the Brave" book design

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nairi's World" book design

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hagop Baronian's work designs

paragraph: Section::::In Memory.

paragraph: The Central Bank of Armenia has released a silver coin in tribute to Ara Bekaryan's 100th birthday. The face of the coin has a picture representing an episode of "Ashtarak" canvas, the reverse portrait depicts Ara Bekaryan and "Nazar the Brave" fairy tale illustration.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Маня Казарян "Ара Бекарян" Советский художник 1976 г. Москва (Rus.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Dznuni's "Armenian Visual Artists" - 1977, Yerevan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manya Ghazaryan's "Ara Bekaryan" - 1984, Yerevan

description: Armenian painter

wikidata_label: Ara Bekaryan

wikipedia_title: Ara Bekaryan


text:
Spanish
María Guerrero
Fernando Díaz de Mendoza
Margarita Xirgu
Malaga
French
San Sebastián
Madrid
Madrid Royal Conservatory
Antonio Vico
Émile Zola
María Guerrero
Benito Pérez Galdós
Joaquín Dicenta
"Juan José"
José Echegaray
Quintero brothers
Benito Pérez Galdós
Jacinto Benavente
Othello
Falstaff
Barcelona
Cuba
Enrique Jardiel Poncela
Madrid
Manuel Noriega Ruiz
Fernando Díaz de Mendoza
José Isbert
Fernando Díaz de Mendoza
María Guerrero
Latin America
Margarita Xirgu
Argentina
Chile
Perú
México
Costa Rica
Uruguay
Galdós
Benavente
Shakespeare
Eusebio Blasco
Rostand
Chilean
Benavente
Zarzuela

categories: People from Málaga,Male actors from Madrid,Spanish male stage actors,1868 births,19th-century Spanish male actors

paragraph: Emilio Thuillier

paragraph: Emilio Thuillier (4 August 1868 – 12 July 1940) was a Spanish actor.

paragraph: One of the leading Spanish stage actors of his time, those with whom he worked included María Guerrero, Fernando Díaz de Mendoza, Margarita Xirgu and , with whom he formed a theatre company.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Emilio Thuillier was born in Malaga, the son of a French father and a Spanish mother. His father was a businessman, and his educational trajectory was designed to prepare Emilio for a life in commerce. His father's early death transformed his career plans, however. He had already participated with friends in dramatic presentations, and he now determined to train for a professional acting career. In 1916, in an interview for the San Sebastián newspaper "La Información", Thuillier was asked when his affinity with the theatre originated. He replied, "Before I can remember. I believe I was born with an affinity for the stage". He moved from the south to Madrid where he studied for three years at the Madrid Royal Conservatory for Music and Declamation.

paragraph: A central influence on Thuillier during this early period was the great actor Antonio Vico, who taught him at the conservatory for a year. His first stage appearance came in 1887 when he joined the company of and Julia Cirera. He appeared in "La Taberna", based on an adaptation by Émile Zola, staged at the in Madrid, taking the part of a waiter (with ten words of text). His skills in the areas of interpretation and deportment rapidly led him to more substantial roles, however. Another great actor-impressaro, , recruited him, and under Mario's direction Thuillier was able to grow as an artist. He had his first lead role in 1892, at Madrid's , appearing opposite María Guerrero in the stage version of by Benito Pérez Galdós.

paragraph: His fame jumped in 1895 when he took the male lead in Joaquín Dicenta's "Juan José" at the . By appearing in "Juan José", Thuillier was in at the start of a play which incorporated social nuances from daily life in a way that was new for stage plays, and for several decades would be one of the most performed works in Spain. When it premiered in 1895 it stirred great controversy through the way in which it dealt with love and social conflict between the lead protagonists. It was a mark of his success that he could now afford to become lead actor, director and proprietor of his own theatre company.

paragraph: Throughout a long distinguished career, Thuillier premiered works by the best contemporary Spanish dramatists. High points included by José Echegaray, works by the Quintero brothers, and by Benito Pérez Galdós, "El hijo de Polichinela" by Jacinto Benavente and "Cobardías" (""Cowards"") by . However, embracing contemporary drama did not come at the expense of the classics, both Spanish and foreign. There were highly successful adaptations into Spanish of Othello and Falstaff. One of his best received portrayals was of Sir John Falstaff on 10 July 1902 at the in Barcelona. Two days later an exceptionally positive review appeared in the "Vanguardia" newspaper.

paragraph: The list of top flight dramatists and actors with whom Thuillier worked, both in Spain and on international tours that included North America, is a mark of his own stature in the world of theatre. One actress with whom he worked was Cuban-born (? - 1958). She became his wife. A work that they popularised together was the humorous piece "Una noche de primavera sin sueño" (""A night in spring without sleep"") by Enrique Jardiel Poncela, a young and till then little noticed Madrid playwright which had its premier at the on 28 May 1927. It was also starring opposite that Emilio Thuillier took his only film role, in 1924 when they appeared in "La mala ley" (""The Bad Law"") directed by the youthful Manuel Noriega Ruiz, which also starred Fernando Díaz de Mendoza and José Isbert. After Thuillier died Gelabert, now widowed, had her own theatre company for a period. Later she returned to Cuba where she died in 1958.

paragraph: During the final couple of decades of his life Thuillier worked particularly closely in Spain with the theatre company of Fernando Díaz de Mendoza and María Guerrero. He also built a reputation overseas, however, notably on three lengthy tours of Latin America which he undertook in 1902, 1906 and 1913, accompanied by some of Spain's top actresses, such as Ana Ferri and Margarita Xirgu. Countries where he toured included Argentina, Chile, Perú, México, Costa Rica and Uruguay. These tours were formidably complex feats of organisation, and Thuillier organised them personally. The tour of 1906, for example, involved 35 people including 20 actors, accompanied by large quantities of technical stage equipment including more than 100 stage sets, related furniture and props. It amounted to more than 30,000 kilogrammes of "material". The tour lasted 15 months and covered five countries. There were 290 performances all of which played to full houses. Those performances were made of 27 different productions, featuring works by Echegaray, Galdós, Benavente, Shakespeare, Eusebio Blasco, Rostand and others. The only "rest days" available to the company were those set aside for travel between venues. One noted commentator remembered those Latin American tours many years later. In 1924 the distinguished Chilean writer-dramatist published his "Memoirs of a man of the theatre" (""Memorias de un hombre de teatro"") in which he enthused that Thuillier had been one of the best "gelanes" ever to come out of Europe.

paragraph: Reflections of Thuillier's personality and career were to be found at the headquarters of his theatre company located along Madrid's Hermosilla Street (""calle Hermosilla""), where he accumulated a large theatrical library and a large number of gold coloured crowns, representing prizes won. There were also oil-paintings of eminent Spanish actors.

paragraph: Thuillier was a very human thespian, and never short of anecdotes. Asked to name his happiest moment he unhesitatingly replied that this had arisen when he saw his mother cry when she attended the first performance of a new piece by Benavente. An anecdote he told against himself concerned an occasion when, much against his better judgement, he had been persuaded to sing Zarzuela in public. Emilio Thuillier was not a singer. He had attempted the performance, but when he opened his mouth nothing came out. He continued to try and vocalise. The audience, much amused, had applauded loudly and generously.

paragraph: Through the 1930s he continued to premier tragic and comic stage works. Towards the end of the decade he suffered a stroke, however, which badly affected him. He died in Madrid on 12 July 1940. At his funeral he received a final ovation of applause from his public, but this time there was no returning from behind the curtain for another last curtain call.

description: Spanish actor

wikidata_label: Emilio Thuillier

wikipedia_title: Emilio Thuillier


text:
professional baseball
infielder
Boston Red Sox
Major League Baseball
Sprayberry High School
Marietta, Georgia
Clemson University
Gatorade Baseball Player of the Year
slash line
run batted in
Boston Red Sox
2014 Major League Baseball draft
GCL Red Sox
Class A
Greenville Drive
strikeout
at bat
walk
Class A-Advanced
Salem Red Sox
Double-A
Portland Sea Dogs
Carolina League
Salem Memorial Ballpark
slugging percentage
extra-base hit
total bases
Ryan Lavarnway
Bryce Brentz
MLB.com
dehydrochlormethyltestosterone
Class A Short Season
Lowell Spinners
Triple-A
Pawtucket Red Sox
40-man roster
Tampa Bay Rays
pinch hitter
Detroit Tigers
Colorado Rockies
American League
Rookie of the Month Award
grand slam
Trent Thornton
Toronto Blue Jays
Christian
Barstool Sports

categories: Greenville Drive players,Boston Red Sox players,Gulf Coast Red Sox players,Peoria Javelinas players,Major League Baseball third basemen,Major League Baseball first basemen,Salem Red Sox players,1995 births,Portland Sea Dogs players,Baseball players suspended for drug offenses,Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state),Lowell Spinners players,Living people,Pawtucket Red Sox players,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Michael Chavis

paragraph: Michael Scott Chavis (born August 11, 1995) is an American professional baseball infielder for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB).

paragraph: Section::::Early years and education.

paragraph: Chavis attended Sprayberry High School in Marietta, Georgia. Committed to Clemson University, Chavis won the home run derby at the Perfect Game All-American Classic in 2014. As a senior, he won Gatorade Baseball Player of the Year honors for Georgia, with a slash line of .580/.663/1.197 in 28 games, including 13 home runs, nine doubles. one triple, 37 run batted in (RBIs), 30 runs, and 21 stolen bases.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.

paragraph: The Boston Red Sox selected Chavis in the first round, with the 26th overall selection, of the 2014 Major League Baseball draft. Chavis signed with the Red Sox rather than attend Clemson, and started his professional career with the Rookie Level GCL Red Sox in their 2014 season. He struggled early in that season, but ultimately finished his rookie year with an average of .269 (36-for-134), one home run and 16 RBIs in 39 games. He then belted a homer and drove in five runs in three playoff games, to help the Red Sox clinch the Gulf Coast League championship.

paragraph: Chavis opened 2015 with the Class A Greenville Drive, where he hit 15 home runs on the year to lead the Red Sox system. He also had 144 strikeouts in 435 at bats to just 29 walks, while slashing .223/.277/.405 with 58 RBIs in 109 games. He stayed with Greenville in 2016, beginning the season with a .388 average through 12 games; however, a thumb injury sidelined him in late April. Upon his return, his numbers steadily eroded, and he finished his time in Greenville with a .244/.321/.391 line, eight homers, and 35 RBIs in 74 games before being promoted to Class A-Advanced Salem Red Sox late in August. He hit .160 (4-for-25) with five runs and one RBI in just seven games.

paragraph: After two inconsistent and injury-plagued seasons, Chavis slashed .318/.388/.641 with 17 home runs and 55 RBIs in 250 plate appearances in 59 games for Salem before being called up to the Double-A Portland Sea Dogs. The promotion came after he was named the MVP at the Carolina League All-Star Game, where he went 1-for-3 and drove in both of the North Division's runs in a 2–0 victory at Salem Memorial Ballpark. At the time, Chavis led the league in homers, RBIs, slugging percentage (.641) and run scored (50), while ranking second in extra-base hits (36), and third both in average and total bases (143). Overall, Chavis finished the 2017 season with 31 homers, 35 doubles, 2 triples, 94 RBIs, 89 runs and a .282/.347/.563 line in 126 games between Salem and Portland. He became the first 30-homer player in the Red Sox minors since Ryan Lavarnway (34) and Bryce Brentz (30) in 2011. He finished the year rated as the Red Sox' No. 2 prospect, according to MLB.com.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.:Minor leagues.:Suspension.

paragraph: On April 6, 2018, Chavis was suspended for 80 games without pay due to testing positive for dehydrochlormethyltestosterone, a performance-enhancing drug, brand name Turinabol. He has stated that he never knowingly consumed anything on the banned substance list. After serving his suspension, Chavis made his 2018 debut with the Class A Short Season Lowell Spinners on July 2. He was later assigned to Double-A Portland. On August 24, Chavis was promoted to the Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox. Overall for the 2018 season with three teams, Chavis batted .298 with nine home runs and 27 RBIs in 46 games played. The Red Sox added Chavis to their 40-man roster after the 2018 season.

paragraph: Section::::Baseball career.:Boston Red Sox.

paragraph: Chavis opened the 2019 season with Pawtucket. On April 19, he was added to the major league active roster for the first time. He made his MLB debut against the Tampa Bay Rays the following day, doubling as a pinch hitter. On April 23, Chavis hit his first major league home run in a 4–2 loss to the Detroit Tigers. On May 15, he hit a walk-off single in the 10th inning of a 6–5 win over the Colorado Rockies. On June 3, it was announced Chavis had won the American League Rookie of the Month Award for May. At the end of June, Chavis had appeared in 63 games with Boston, batting .261 with 14 home runs and 44 RBIs. On July 15, he hit his first major league grand slam, off of Trent Thornton of the Toronto Blue Jays.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Chavis is a Christian. In his later high school years, he began posting the phrase "11:11" on social media with a new purpose: "I didn't like the idea of making a wish for no purpose ... I thought, why don't I say a prayer or something that's actually beneficial." He frequently uses his platform to post encouraging messages on social media while spreading his faith. Chavis's nickname, "Ice Horse," was coined on the Section 10 Podcast, a Red Sox podcast hosted by Barstool Sports Boston employees, and soon adopted by fans, MLB, and Chavis himself.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Michael Chavis

wikipedia_title: Michael Chavis


text: freak

text: sideshow

text: Oxford

text: Cambridge

text: World War I

text: Mesopotamia

text: Odditorium

text: Mitcham

text: George Burchett

text: zebra

text: London Olympia

text: septum piercing

text: veterinarian

text: file his teeth

text: body modification

text: New Guinea

text: World's Fair

text: Queens

text: Atlantic

text: "Laconia"

text: Hotel Claridge

text: Times Square

text: John Hix's Odditorium

text: Betty Broadbent

text: Tattooed Venus

text: Iron Eyelids

text: knife

text: cheek

text: New York Times News

text: New York Daily Mirror

text: New York Herald Tribune

text: Ripley's Odditorium Theater

text: New Zealand

text: Vancouver

text: San Diego

text: Phoenix, Arizona

text: World War II

text: war bonds

text: Ripe

text: Sussex

text: Hollywood Studios article on Omi

text: "The Zebra Man"

text: THE GREAT OMI – Tattooed Gentleman

text: Omi great

categories: Body modification,British circus performers,1969 deaths,1882 births,Sideshow performers

paragraph: Horace Ridler

paragraph: Horace Leonard Ridler (26 March 1892 – 1969) was a professional freak and sideshow performer, a tattooed man exhibiting himself as The Great Omi or The Zebra Man.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Though there is some uncertainty due to the characteristic embroidering of sideshow performers' stories, by his own account Horace Leonard Ridler was born into an upper-class family living outside London, and enjoyed a relatively privileged childhood, marked by travel, private schooling and comfort, in the 1901 Census a Horace Ridler is recorded as a boarder at Bedford School under the Headmastership of Charles Fredrick Farrer. There are two competing theories about his young life. In one version he is said to have gone on to Oxford or Cambridge, graduating with honours. In the second version, he instead pursued a career in the army and was commissioned as a second lieutenant. Soon after receiving his commission, his father died, leaving him a substantial inheritance. But (again according to the second version) he rapidly frittered his inheritance away on parties, gambling, entertainment and poor investments; and these and other circumstances led to his resigning his commission.

paragraph: When World War I began, Ridler, now 22, enlisted and was decorated for his outstanding conduct and gallantry when serving in Mesopotamia. On 9 September 1915 he was promoted from Lance sergeant to second lieutenant according to the London Gazette of 27 September 1915. Demobilized at the end of the war with the rank of major, with a small pension and few prospects, but willing to take chances, he decided to become an act at the Odditorium. In 1922 he received his first few pictorial tattoos, and began exhibiting himself in small sideshows. This afforded him a meager living, but was not the success he had hoped for.

paragraph: Section::::Becoming The Great Omi.

paragraph: At some point between 1927 and 1934, while living in Mitcham, a few miles south of London, Ridler took steps to improve his career as a sideshow act. Contacting tattooist George Burchett, he inquired about having himself "tattooed all over". Burchett performed more than 150 hours of tattooing on Ridler with a pattern of curved black stripes, often described as zebra-like, masking the earlier tattoos. He later claimed he spent $10,000 for the procedure, although Burchett said it was only $3,000 and that he was never paid in full.

paragraph: The extent of tattooing on his lower body is a matter of some debate, but viewers who saw him perform in 1941 have reported that much of his lower body was tattooed with more conventional designs. His body and face thus transformed, he began exhibiting himself at the London Olympia and toured England and France, under the name The Great Omi.

paragraph: Upon his return to England, aware that his act was not interesting enough to provide steady work, he decided to take his transformation a step further, having his ears pierced and stretched to accept large-gauge jewellery, and acquiring a large septum piercing from a veterinarian. He hired a dentist to file his teeth and began to wear elaborate costumes, completing his physical transformation.

paragraph: Like many sideshow performers, his act consisted of telling tall tales about his body modification. After being introduced by his colourfully dressed wife, Gladys Ridler, performing under the name Omette, he would appear on stage and tell his story. A common monologue claimed that he had been captured and tortured via tattooing in New Guinea, and is similar to tales told by other tattooed sideshow performers. While today this story seems completely implausible, at the time a general lack of knowledge about many areas of the globe provided an opportunity for performers to play on the audience's ignorance and fantasies. Later in life, during his retirement, his stories became even more fanciful, less believable, but no less colourful.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: On 6 June 1939, Ridler, now The Great Omi, and his wife Omette arrived at the World's Fair in Queens, New York, having crossed the Atlantic on the ship "Laconia" and taken up residence at the Hotel Claridge in Times Square. Twenty-two million people attended the fair, where Omi was appearing at John Hix's Odditorium, alongside Betty Broadbent nicknamed the Tattooed Venus, Iron Eyelids, the Anatomical Wonder, and Marvello the Fingerless Pianist, all for an entry price of 40 cents.

paragraph: Just a few days after arriving in New York, the couple reported being attacked with a knife, claiming that Omi's cheek was slashed by an unknown assailant. No photos of the injury were taken, and the "attack" may have been a publicity stunt, as the New York police records department has no record of the incident. The "New York Times News", "New York Daily Mirror" and "New York Herald Tribune" all reported the story on 10 June, however.

paragraph: Immediately following the fair, Omi appeared at Ripley's Odditorium Theater as the star attraction. Ripley retained Omi for six months, the longest time Ripley ever showcased a single performer. During that period he appeared more than 1,600 times, often doing nine or ten shows daily.

paragraph: In 1940, Omi toured with the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus, appearing as Omi the Zebra Man. He was billed as the star attraction in the sideshow, but left the circus after only one season.

paragraph: In early 1941, Omi toured both Australia and New Zealand, and spent much of the latter part of the year performing at the beach sideshow Happyland and Bert Lorous Jr.'s "World Fair Freaks" show in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He finished 1941 with appearances with the Rubin-Cherry show in San Diego, California. The Ruben-Cherry show next travelled to Phoenix, Arizona, closing their season in early 1942, and Omi and his wife then criss-crossed America before returning to England. Before leaving America, with World War II underway, Omi tried to re-enlist with the British army, but was not considered acceptable for active service by the British Consul.

paragraph: Arriving home in a war-weary England, Omi donated his services, giving free performances to troops and charity organisations. He also supported the Allied effort by promoting the sales of war bonds. Omi continued to perform into the early 1950s, retiring at the height of his fame to Ripe, a small village in Sussex, England, where he died in 1969.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hollywood Studios article on Omi (with picture)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Great Omi bio in James Mundie's Sideshow Ephermera Collection (with picture)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Zebra Man" Channel 4 film, RealPlayer format

paragraph: BULLET::::- THE GREAT OMI – Tattooed Gentleman

paragraph: BULLET::::- Omi great. Tattooarchive.com.

description: British circus performer

wikidata_label: Horace Ridler

wikipedia_title: Horace Ridler


text: Carolingian

text: king of West Francia

text: Laon

text: Louis IV

text: Gerberga of Saxony

text: Abbey of Saint-Remi

text: Artald of Reims

text: Archbishop of Reims

text: Merovingian dynasty

text: Hugh the Great

text: Duke of the Franks

text: Count of Paris

text: Duchy of Aquitaine

text: Kingdom of Burgundy

text: Herbert II, Count of Vermandois

text: Poitiers

text: Bruno, archbishop of Cologne

text: East Francia

text: Otto I

text: Hugh Capet

text: Otto, Duke of Burgundy

text: Duke of the Franks

text: Duchy of Burgundy

text: East Francia

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Otto I

text: Emma of Italy

text: Adelaide of Burgundy

text: Lothair II

text: Bosonids

text: Baldwin III, Count of Flanders

text: Arnulf I, Count of Flanders

text: Arnulf II, Count of Flanders

text: Arras

text: Douai

text: Lotharingia

text: Emperor Otto II

text: Reginar IV, Count of Mons

text: Lambert I, Count of Louvain

text: Otto II

text: Charles

text: Otto, Count of Vermandois

text: Mons

text: House of Ardennes

text: Adalberon of Reims

text: Adalberon of Laon

text: Lotharingian

text: County of Hainaut

text: Meuse river

text: Aachen

text: Palace of Aachen

text: Reims

text: Soissons

text: Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons

text: Laon

text: Dietrich I of Metz

text: Aisne

text: Karl Ferdinand Werner

text: Robertians

text: Montreuil-sur-Mer

text: Arnulf II, Count of Flanders

text: Prince Louis

text: Margut-sur-Chiers

text: Robertians

text: Hugh Capet

text: Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou

text: Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou

text: Richerus

text: Vieille-Brioude

text: Haute-Loire

text: Count William I of Provence

text: Rodulfus Glaber

text: House of Anjou

text: Herbert III, Count of Vermandois

text: Gerberge of Lorraine

text: Otto III

text: Henry II, Duke of Bavaria

text: Ottonian

text: Theophanu

text: Godfrey I, Count of Verdun

text: House of Ardennes

text: Upper Lorraine

text: Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine

text: Empress Theophanu

text: Archbishop Willingis of Mainz

text: Worms

text: Odo I, Count of Blois

text: Herbert III, Count of Meaux

text: Sigfried, Count of the Ardennes

text: Theodoric I, Duke of Upper Lorraine

text: Egbert of Trier

text: Willigis

text: Ebergar of Cologne

text: caliph of Córdoba

text: Al-Mansur

text: Barcelona

text: Borrell II, Count of Barcelona

text: Verdun

text: Hispanic March

text: Gerbert of Aurillac

text: Compiègne

text: Mons

text: Hainaut

text: Cambrai

text: Notger

text: Laon

text: Emma of Italy

text: Louis V

text: illegitimate

text: Arnulf

text: archbishop of Reims

text: Gwatkin, H. M.

text: Whitney, J. P.

text: online

text: online

text: Fayard

categories: Medieval child rulers,941 births,10th-century people from West Francia,Kings of West Francia,10th-century French monarchs,Frankish warriors,986 deaths,Burials at the Royal Abbey of Saint-Remi

paragraph: Lothair of France

paragraph: Lothair (; ; 941 – 2 March 986), sometimes called Lothair III or Lothair IV, was the penultimate Carolingian king of West Francia, reigning from 10 September 954 until his death in 986.

paragraph: Section::::Accession.

paragraph: Lothair was born in Laon near the end of 941, as the eldest son of King Louis IV and Gerberga of Saxony. He succeeded his father on 10 September 954 at the age of thirteen and was crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi by Artald of Reims, Archbishop of Reims on 12 November 954. Lothair had already been associated with the throne since the illness of his father in 951, this being a custom in the royal succession since the founding of the Kingdom of the Franks by the Merovingian dynasty.

paragraph: Queen Gerberga made an arrangement with her brother-in-law Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris, who had been an adversary of Lothair's father. In exchange for supporting Lothair's rule Hugh was given rule over Duchy of Aquitaine and much of the Kingdom of Burgundy as more or less a regent. Lothair inherited a fragmented kingdom, where the great magnates took lands, rights and offices almost without any regard for the authority of the king. Magnates like Hugh the Great and Herbert II, Count of Vermandois were always a veiled threat.

paragraph: In 955 Lothair and Hugh the Great together took Poitiers by siege. With Hugh the Great's death in 956 Lothair, only fifteen, came under the guardianship of his maternal uncle Bruno, archbishop of Cologne, brother of East Francia's king Otto I. With Bruno's advice, Lothair mediated between Hugh's sons – Hugh Capet and Otto, Duke of Burgundy. The King gave Paris and the title of "dux francorum" (Duke of the Franks) to Hugh Capet, and invested Otto with the Duchy of Burgundy in 956.

paragraph: Section::::Worsening relations with the Holy Roman Empire.

paragraph: The guardianship of Archbishop Bruno of Cologne lasted until 965 and oriented Lothair towards policy of submission towards East Francia, which was evolving into the German Holy Roman Empire. Despite his youth, Lothair wanted to rule alone and reinforced his authority over his vassals. This desire of political independence led to a deterioration in relations between the King and his maternal relatives and a struggle with the new Holy Roman Empire. Despite this, Lothair wanted to maintain ties with Emperor Otto I by marrying Princess Emma of Italy (the only daughter of Empress Adelaide of Burgundy – second wife of Otto I, from her first marriage with King Lothair II, member of the Bosonids dynasty) in early 966.

paragraph: In 962 Baldwin III, Count of Flanders, son, co-ruler, and heir of Arnulf I, Count of Flanders died and Arnulf bequeathed Flanders to Lothair. On Arnulf's death in 965, Lothair invaded Flanders and took many cities, but was eventually repulsed by the supporters of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders. He temporarily remained in control of Arras and Douai. Lothair attempted to increase his influence in the Lotharingia, once held by his family, and in turn Emperor Otto II encouraged resistance to Lothair's overtures.

paragraph: In 976 the brothers Reginar IV, Count of Mons and Lambert I, Count of Louvain, after being dispossessed from their paternal inheritance by Emperor Otto II, made an alliance with Charles (King Lothair's younger brother) and Otto, Count of Vermandois and with an army they marched against the Imperial troops. A great battle, which remained undecided, took place in Mons. Although Lothair secretly encouraged this war, he did not intervene directly to help his brother.

paragraph: Charles took advantage of the situation and established himself in Lotharingia. His main interest was to break the harmony between Lothair and the House of Ardennes, loyal to Emperor Otto II and very powerful in Lotharingia and to which belonged both the Chancellor-Arbishop Adalberon of Reims and his namesake Bishop Adalberon of Laon.

paragraph: In 977, Charles accused Queen Emma of adultery with Bishop Adalberon of Laon. The Synod of Sainte-Macre, led by Archbishop Adalberon of Reims, took place in Fismes to discuss the matter. Due to a lack of evidence, both the Queen and Bishop were absolved, but Charles, who maintained the rumors, was expelled from the kingdom by Lothair. The House of Ardennes and the Lotharingian party, who were favorable to an agreement with Otto II, seemed all-powerful at the court of Lothair.

paragraph: Otto II, however, committed the mistakes of restoring the County of Hainaut to Reginar IV and Lambert I, and of appointing Charles as Duke of Lower Lorraine, a region corresponding to the northern half of Lotharingia, separate from the Upper Lotharingia since the late 950. Rewarding Charles, who had questioned the honor of the wife of the King of the Franks, was a way to offend the King himself.

paragraph: Section::::War with the Holy Roman Empire.

paragraph: In August 978 Lothair mounted an expedition into Lorraine accompanied by Hugh Capet and upon their crossing the Meuse river took Aachen, but did not capture Otto II or Charles. Lothair then sacked the imperial Palace of Aachen for three days, and reversed the direction of the bronze eagle of Charlemagne to face east instead of west.

paragraph: In retaliation Otto II, accompanied by Charles, invaded West Francia in October 978 and ravaged Reims, Soissons (where he stopped at the Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons for devotions) and Laon. Lothair was able to escape from the Imperial troops, but Charles was proclaimed King of the Franks in Laon by Bishop Dietrich I of Metz, a relative of Emperor Otto I. The Imperial army advanced to Paris, where they faced Hugh Capet's army. On 30 November 978, Otto II and Charles, unable to take Paris, lifted their siege of the city and turned back. The Frankish royal army led by Lothair pursued and defeated them while crossing the river Aisne and being able to recover Laon, forcing Otto II to flee and take refuge in Aachen with Charles, the puppet-King he wanted to impose on West Francia.

paragraph: In West Francia the hasty retreat of Emperor Otto II had a considerable impact and long after was evoked as a great victory of Lothair. Thus, written in 1015, the Chronicles of Sens gives an epic description: there Lothair was exalted as a warrior-king who pursued the German Emperor to the heart of Lorraine, destroying on the banks of the Argonne a great multitude of enemies, then returned to the Kingdom of the Franks covered with glory. The chronicler say: ""As for the Emperor Otto, followed by those of his people who were able to escape, he returned to his country in the greatest confusion; after which neither he nor his army ever returned to France"". Contemporary documents speak of the event with the same triumphal accents: written after the retirement of Otto II, a diploma of the Abbey of Marmoutier near Tours dated during the reign ""of the great King Lothair, in his twenty-sixth year" (of rule; although apparently wrong), " in which he attacked the Saxon and forced the Emperor to escape" ". These retrospectives were observed by some historians such as Karl Ferdinand Werner as one of the first manifestations of national feeling.

paragraph: Section::::Reconciliation with the Holy Roman Empire.

paragraph: The unity of Western Franks against Otto II had the consequence of placing the dynasty of Robertians in a prominent place in the person of Hugh Capet, whose contemporaries attested that he faithfully served king Lothair. The fight with the Emperor strengthened the power of Hugh Capet, which was shown in 980 when he captured Montreuil-sur-Mer from Arnulf II, Count of Flanders.

paragraph: Lothair wanted to thwart the ambitions of his exiled brother Charles, and decided to follow his father's steps to secure the succession for his own son. On 8 June 979 Prince Louis was crowned as associated ruler or Junior King ("iunior rex") –although he did not actually assume power until Lothair's death in 986–, being the second time of this new practice in the kingdom of West Francia, which later was adapted by the Capetians.

paragraph: After this, Lothair began to approach the Holy Roman Empire. The Bishops of Reims and Laon, with the House of Ardennes, supported this rapprochement. In July 980 Lothair and Otto II met at Margut-sur-Chiers on the Frankish border, and concluded a peace treaty. As a part of the agreement, Lothair renounced his rights to Lotharingia, allowing Otto II to turn his military attention to the Byzantine Italy, which he wanted to conquer. This peace was perceived negatively by the Robertians, who were excluded from the negotiations. The Peace of Margut led the Frankish kingdom to be included in the Ottonian orbit, and consequently weakened the influence of the Robertians within the royal government in favor of the Lotharingian nobility. Afraid of being caught between the Carolingian and Ottonian kings, Hugh Capet went to Rome in 981 to contact with Otto II in order to establish his own alliance. Lothair then gave instructions for his capture once he returned.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage of the heir.

paragraph: To counter the power of Hugh Capet as Duke of the Franks, Lothair – following the advice of his wife Emma and Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou – decided to marry his son and heir Louis to Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou, Geoffrey I's sister and the widow of two powerful southern lords, Count Stephen of Gévaudan and Count Raymond of Toulouse, Prince of Gothia. The project of Lothair was ambitious: the restoration of the royal Carolingian presence in the semi-independent south of West Francia, and – according to Richerus – to gain support of southern nobles in his fight against the Robertians.

paragraph: The wedding between Adelaide-Blanche and Prince Louis took place in 982 at Vieille-Brioude, Haute-Loire, and they both were immediately crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine by Adelaide's brother Bishop Guy of le Puy. However, soon the noticeable age difference between them – Louis was fifteen while Adelaide was a forty-year-old woman – and Louis' debauched lifestyle caused the end of the marriage in 984, with Lothair supporting his son while Adelaide took refuge with Count William I of Provence, who soon became her fourth husband.

paragraph: However, the existence of the marriage, despite being recorded by relative contemporary and later sources (Richerus, Rodulfus Glaber, the "Chronicon Andegavensi" and the Chronicle of Saint-Maxence, among others), was recently challenged by historian Carlrichard Brülh.

paragraph: The failure of the alliance with the House of Anjou reinforced the power of the Robertians, and finally they supported Hugh Capet against Charles of Lower Lorraine in 987.

paragraph: Emerging from the crisis in Aquitaine, Lothair counted on the loyalty of ten powerful northern bishops of the kingdom and their vassals, and the alliance with the powerful House of Vermandois in the person of Herbert III, Count of Vermandois, his nephew – as son of his half-sister Gerberge of Lorraine. But Herbert III was relatively old and the bishops who had served his father Louis IV were more inclined towards spiritual tasks than to the defense of royal interests. Lothair lacked the ability to implement any large project of conquest consistent with the previous Frankish tradition and to mobilize the aristocracy around him.

paragraph: Section::::Attempt to recover Lotharingia.

paragraph: Emperor Otto II suddenly died on 7 December 983, leaving as heir his three-year-old son Otto III. Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, as the nearest Ottonian relative, obtained the regency of the kingdom without much opposition and abducted Otto III in hopes of being proclaimed king himself. Adalberon of Reims, eager to support Otto III and his mother Empress Theophanu, tried to convince Lothair to support the Empress against the Duke of Bavaria. In the name of Theophanu, Adalberon offered Lothair the recovery of Lotharingia. Shortly after Lothair formally claimed the guardianship of his infant nephew Otto III and the custody of the Lotharingia. Thanks to Adalberon, Lothair obtained the homage of several major Lotharingian nobles including Godfrey I, Count of Verdun, a member of the House of Ardennes. In addition, he reconciled with his brother Charles, who hoped to obtain the Upper Lorraine (at that time ruled by a regent, Beatrix, widow of Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine and sister of Hugh Capet). Lothair then hoped to receive the full sovereignty over Lotharingia. Nevertheless, the quick failure of Henry II's plans foiled the project: by mid-984 Empress Theophanu and Archbishop Willingis of Mainz were able to rescue Otto III and to regain control over Empire. The subsequent peace concluded at Worms between Henry II and Theophanu reaffirmed the end of the Carolingian pretensions over Lotharingia and the triumph of the House of Ardennes, which strengthened its control there.

paragraph: Lothair refused to renounce the land which he considered rightfully belonging to him: he decided to make an alliance with Henry II, and on 1 February 985 their combined forces arrived to the banks of the Rhine in Brissach. This alliance worried Adalberon of Reims, who contacted Hugh Capet. Henry II did not keep his alliance with Lothair, so the king decided to advance to the Lotharingia alone. At first, he tried to obtain the support of Hugh Capet, but he refused to overthrow his sister and nephew; however, he did not support either party clearly, favoring the Ottonian hegemony. Finally, Lothair obtained the support of the most powerful Counts of the kingdom, Odo I, Count of Blois and Herbert III, Count of Meaux. Shortly thereafter, they invaded Upper Lotharingia, besieged Verdun and, by March of 985, had captured several important prisoners: Godfrey I of Verdun (brother of Adalberon) and his son Frederick, Sigfried, Count of the Ardennes (uncle of Godfrey I) and Theodoric I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (nephew of Hugh Capet).

paragraph: After returning to Laon, Lothair forced Adalberon to build a fortress in Verdun to prevent the city from being taken by the Imperial forces. He also forced him to write to the Archbishops of Egbert of Trier, Willigis of Mainz and Ebergar of Cologne, stating that he, Lothair, was the true and only heir of the Carolingian Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Open conflict with the House of Ardennes.

paragraph: When the caliph of Córdoba, Al-Mansur, sacked Barcelona in 985, Lothair was ill and could offer no assistance to the Borrell II, Count of Barcelona who had sent envoys to Verdun. This contributed to the final split between the Hispanic March and the Frankish crown during the reign of his successors.

paragraph: At this point Lothair's power seemed markedly less than that of Hugh Capet. In a letter Gerbert of Aurillac wrote to the Archbishop Adalbero that "Lothair is king of France in name alone; Hugh is, however, not in name but in effect and deed." Not long after, Archbishop Adalberon began openly pressing pro-Ottonian views and tried to influence Hugh Capet into relations with Otto III. When the King ordered the destruction of the fortifications that surrounded the monastery of Saint-Paul in Verdun, Adalberon refused on the grounds that his hungry soldiers no longer were able to keep the city. Furious, Lothair wanted to bring Adalberon to justice. On 11 May 986, Adalberon was summoned to an assembly at Compiègne under false pretences (among them, that he placed his nephew and namesake Adalberon in the bishopric seat of Verdun without royal consent) and charged the surprised archbishop with treason. Alerted, Hugh Capet marched on Compiègne with 6,000 men and dispersed the meeting before a verdict could be reached. Some historians believe that the intervention of Hugh Capet was less motivated by the defence of Adalberon than to obtain the release of his nephew, the young Duke Theodoric I of Upper Lorraine. Lothair could have intended to strengthen his stranglehold on Verdun and its region by forcing Adalberon to pursue his nephew Adalberon of Verdun, son of Count Godfrey I.

paragraph: Lothair could not afford an open war against Hugh Capet because he would end up caught between two fronts. He then released his Lorraine prisoners, but Godfrey I chose to stay in prison rather than surrender Mons, in Hainaut, and force his son to give up all claims over the County and the Bishopric of Verdun. In the meanwhile, following a meeting between the King and the Duke of the Franks, Theodoric I of Upper Lorraine was released.

paragraph: Section::::New projects and sudden death.

paragraph: In early 986 Lothair intended to attack Cambrai, an imperial city but one dependent on the Archbishoprics of Reims and Liège; he thought that he could convince Bishop Rothard to surrender the city in exchange for his appointment as Archbishop of Rheims (following the deposition of Adalberon) and Prince-Bishop of Liège (whose Prince-Bishop Notger finally escaped to Ottonian territory); but the King suddenly died at Laon on 2 March 986. He received a magnificent funeral and was buried next to his father Louis IV in the choir of Saint-Remi of Reims.

paragraph: One year after the change of dynasty, Lothair's kingdom seemed indestructible because, even if Lotharingia had not submitted, the inertia of the Empire could let him consider new conquests. According to Richerus: "He was looking for new advantages that could further extend his kingdom. His policy was very successful, and the condition of the Kingdom, favored by the capture of the great nobles, was strong." In fact, in his last years, Lothar deployed both diplomatically and militarily exceptional activity intending to conquer Lotharingia.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: With his wife Emma of Italy, Lothair had two sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis V (966/67 – 22 May 987), successor of his father as king.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otto (c. 970 – 13 November bef. 986), canon of Rheims.

paragraph: Lothair also had two illegitimate sons with a sister of certain Count Robert, Mayor of the Palace of his brother Charles:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnulf (bef. 967 – 5 Mar 1021), archbishop of Reims.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard (d. aft. 991).

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gwatkin, H. M., Whitney, J. P. (ed) et al. (1926) "The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stéphane Lecouteux: "Une reconstitution hypothétique du cheminement des Annales de Flodoard, depuis Reims jusqu'à Fécamp", 2004 online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferdinand Lot: "Les derniers Carolingiens. Lothaire, Louis V, Charles de Lorraine (954–991)", Paris, Librairie Émile Bouillon éditeur, 1891 online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre Riché: "Les Carolingiens, une famille qui fit l'Europe", Paris, Hachette, coll. «Pluriel», 1983 (reimpr. 1997), 490 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yves Sassier: "Hugues Capet: naissance d'une dynastie", Paris, Fayard, 1995, 357 p.

description: French monarch

wikidata_label: Lothair of France

wikipedia_title: Lothair of France


text:
Han dynasty
Emperor Cheng
Zhao Feiyan
Empress Xu
Consort Ban
Empress Dowager Wang
Book of Han
Emperor Xuan
aphrodisiac
Book of Han
Zizhi Tongjian

categories: Chinese royalty who committed suicide,7 BC deaths,1st-century BC women,Han dynasty imperial consorts

paragraph: Zhao Hede

paragraph: Zhao Hede (; died 7 BC) was an imperial consort of the rank "zhaoyi" (昭儀) during the Han dynasty. She was a consort to Emperor Cheng and sister of the empress Zhao Feiyan.

paragraph: It is not known when Zhao Hede was born, but it is clear she was younger than her sister Feiyan. According to historical accounts, she was a daughter of two hereditary servants of imperial princes or princesses. Her father's name was Zhao Lin (趙臨). She was probably later assigned to the household of Princess Yang'a (陽阿公主), with her sister Zhao Feiyan, but that is not clear. What is clear is that when Emperor Cheng became enamored with her sister circa 19 BC, he took not only her sister, but also her, as imperial consorts, and they became highly favored, over Empress Xu and Consort Ban. In 18 BC, they falsely accused Empress Xu and Consort Ban of witchcraft; Empress Xu was deposed, and while Consort Ban was able to successfully plead her case, she did not wish to return to the same environment and instead became a lady in waiting for Empress Dowager Wang. The Zhao sisters now dominated the palace. Feiyan was created empress in 16 BC.

paragraph: After Feiyan was created empress, she began to lose favor from Emperor Cheng, while her sister Hede received the nearly exclusive affection of Emperor Cheng. While the sisters initially were jealous of each other, they later reconciled, and continued to dominate the palace together. However, neither of them would produce any children who could serve as imperial heir -- something greatly troubling to Emperor Cheng (whose earlier favorites Empress Xu and Consort Ban were also childless, and no other consort of whom was known to have had children).

paragraph: Emperor Cheng so loved Consort Zhao that the palace she lived in, Zhaoyang Palace (昭陽宮), was described in this way in the Book of Han:

paragraph: Consort Zhao was also described to have been so perfect in her beauty that when she arrived at the palace, every person who saw her could not stop praising her beauty. A senior lady in waiting to Emperor Cheng's grandfather Emperor Xuan named Chuofang Cheng (淖方成), however, commented: "She is water of disaster, and will surely put out the fire!" (A symbol of Han Dynasty is fire, so Chuofang was expressing her belief that Consort Zhao would lead to the destruction of the Han Dynasty. The term that Chuofang used, "huoshui" (禍水), later became idiomatic to describe a woman who would lead to disaster, and is often extended to a longer form "hongyan huoshui" (红颜禍水) to describe women who were, fairly or not, viewed as the cause of their dynasties' destruction.)

paragraph: Consort Zhao and her sister Empress Zhao would also be alleged to have been involved in something even more sinister around this period. Based on an investigative report later authored in 6 BC (after the deaths of Emperor Cheng and Consort Zhao herself), Emperor Cheng had two sons -- one born to Consort Cao in 12 BC and one born to Consort Xu (a relative of the deposed Empress Xu) in 11 BC. However, both of the sons were murdered in their infancy by orders of Consort Zhao, with at least tacit agreement from Emperor Cheng; Consort Cao was forced to commit suicide after her son was murdered. The report further alleged that the Zhao sisters engaged in many tactics, such as forced abortions, assassinations, and poisonings, to make sure that no other concubine would bear an imperial heir.

paragraph: Emperor Cheng died suddenly in 7 BC, apparently from a stroke (although historians also report the possibility of an overdosage of aphrodisiacs given to him by Consort Zhao). Immediately there were many rumors that he had in fact had concubines who bore him sons, but that those sons and their mothers were murdered by Consort Zhao (out of jealousy) and possibly Emperor Cheng himself. Grieving her husband and apparently fearful of reprisal, Consort Zhao Hede killed herself.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Book of Han", .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zizhi Tongjian", vols. , , .

description: Western Han Dynasty person CBDB=135030

wikidata_label: Consort Zhao Hede

wikipedia_title: Zhao Hede