text:
KCVO
TD
British
Conservative
Lloyd Kenyon, 3rd Baron Kenyon
Eton College
Christ Church, Oxford
House of Lords
Lord-in-waiting
Conservative government
Lord Salisbury
Arthur Balfour
David Lloyd George
Flintshire
County Council
D.L.
J.P.
Shropshire
Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire
University of Wales
National Museum of Wales
Agricultural Wages Board
KCVO
Order of St John of Jerusalem
Order of the Dannebrog
Order of the Crown of Italy
Shropshire Yeomanry
lieutenant
Captain
Major
A.D.C.
King George V
First World War
2/1st Welsh Horse Yeomanry
TD
typhoid
Hanmer

categories: People educated at Eton College,Shropshire Yeomanry officers,Conservative Party (UK) Baronesses- and Lords-in-Waiting,Welsh Horse Yeomanry officers,1864 births,1927 deaths,Lord-Lieutenants of Denbighshire

paragraph: Lloyd Tyrell-Kenyon, 4th Baron Kenyon

paragraph: Lloyd Tyrell-Kenyon, 4th Baron Kenyon, KCVO, TD (5 July 1864 – 30 November 1927), was a British peer and Conservative politician.

paragraph: Section::::Family background and education.

paragraph: Born in Wilmore Crescent, west London, Kenyon was the son of the Hon. Lloyd Kenyon, son of Lloyd Kenyon, 3rd Baron Kenyon. He succeeded his grandfather as fourth Baron Kenyon in 1869. He was educated at Eton College and entered Christ Church, Oxford in 1882.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Lord Kenyon took his seat in the House of Lords on his 21st birthday in 1885.

paragraph: In December 1900 he was appointed a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) in the Conservative government of Lord Salisbury, a post he retained until 1905, the last three years under the leadership of Arthur Balfour. He served the same post again, in the coalition Government of David Lloyd George, from 1916 to 1918.

paragraph: He also took part in local politics for a period as member of Flintshire County Council, was a D.L. and J.P. for the county of Shropshire and J.P. for Flintshire county.

paragraph: Section::::Other public services and honours.

paragraph: Apart from his political career he also served as Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire from 1918 to his death. He was Pro-Chancellor of the University of Wales from 1910 and President of the North Wales University College, as well as President of the National Museum of Wales from 1923. In 1924 he became Chairman of the Agricultural Wages Board and the Milk Advisory Committee.

paragraph: Lord Kenyon was made KCVO in 1907 and was a Knight of Grace of the Order of St John of Jerusalem. He was also a Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog of Denmark and the Order of the Crown of Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: Lord Kenyon served in the Shropshire Yeomanry, being promoted lieutenant in 1886, Captain in 1889, and Major on 14 December 1901. He was lieutenant-colonel commanding the regiment from 1907 to 1912. He was then promoted full colonel and made A.D.C. to King George V in 1912.

paragraph: In the First World War he served at home as commanding officer of the 2/1st Welsh Horse Yeomanry from 1914 to 1916.

paragraph: He was awarded the TD in 1909.

paragraph: Section::::Family life and death.

paragraph: Lord Kenyon assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Tyrell in 1912. He married Gwladys Julia Howard, daughter of Colonel Henry Richard Lloyd Howard, in 1916. He died at his home, Gredington Hall, Flintshire, of typhoid contracted from a mosquito bite, in November 1927, aged 63. He was buried at the parish church of St Chad's, Hanmer. He was succeeded in his titles by his only son Lloyd. Lady Kenyon died in 1965.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

description: British Baron

wikidata_label: Lloyd Tyrell-Kenyon, 4th Baron Kenyon

wikipedia_title: Lloyd Tyrell-Kenyon, 4th Baron Kenyon


text:
Cantabria
Panama
New Granada
Barcelona
Puerto Rico
Cuba
Cartagena de Indias
Colombia
Riohacha
Bogotá
Antonio José Amar y Borbón
José María Moledo
José Miguel Pey
Quito
Guayaquil
Toribio Montes
Popayán
Constitution of Cádiz
Antonio Nariño
Battle of Alto Palacé
Battle of Calibío
Melchor Aymerich
Cuchilla del Tambo
Liborio Mejía
José Hilario López
Carlos Montúfar
Francisco Montalvo y Ambulodi
Camilo Torres
Francisco José de Caldas
Joaquín Camacho
Frutos Joaquín Gutiérrez
Antonio Villavicencio
Antonio Baraya
Liborio Mejía
Jorge Tadeo Lozano
Policarpa Salavarrieta
Antonia Santos
Audiencia
Order of San Hermenegildo
José Barreiro
Battle of Boyacá
Short biography

categories: 1821 deaths,Viceroys of New Granada,1753 births

paragraph: Juan José de Sámano y Uribarri

paragraph: Juan José Francisco de Sámano y Uribarri de Rebollar y Mazorra (1753 in Selaya, Cantabria – July 1821 in Panama), was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Granada from 1818 to 1819, during the war of independence.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Sámano was a member of a distinguished family with a long tradition in the militia. In 1771 he entered the military as a cadet, and by 1779 he was a lieutenant. He was also professor of mathematics at the Military Academy of Barcelona, where he remained five years.

paragraph: In 1780 he moved to the Indies — first to Puerto Rico, later to Cuba, and finally to Cartagena de Indias (in modern Colombia). In 1785 he returned to Europe. In 1789 he was promoted to captain and fought in the war with revolutionary France, under the command of General Ventura Caro. In one battle he was wounded in both thighs.

paragraph: In 1794 he was transferred back to New Granada, at his request. He became governor of Riohacha in 1806, where he repelled a British attack. From Riohacha he went to Bogotá, accompanied by 30 cavalry troops. There he volunteered for the service of Viceroy Antonio José Amar y Borbón to fight against the insurgents.

paragraph: As a colonel, Sámano was in command of the Auxiliar Battalion in Bogotá at the time of the Florero de Llorente (Cry of Independence) on July 20, 1810. His second in command was José María Moledo, who together with other officers not only sympathized with the revolution, but took an active part in it. That night Sámano remained in his quarters, guarded by Moledo and Baraya, who had sworn allegiance to the rebel junta in Bogotá. In the early morning of July 21, Colonel Sámano took an oath before the president of the Junta, José Miguel Pey. Pey ordered that he be relieved of his command of the Auxliar Battalion. Lieutenant Colonel Moledo was named to replace him.

paragraph: Sámano was issued a passport so that he could leave New Granada. He returned to Spain, where he was commissioned to pacify the region of Quito and Guayaquil. From Quito he directed the military operations against the rebels in New Granada. In 1813 he was named by Governor Toribio Montes to lead an expedition to recover the southern part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. He got as far as the city of Popayán, which he occupied on July 1, 1813. There he proclaimed the authority of the Constitution of Cádiz. He was promoted to brigadier.

paragraph: Sámano was defeated by Antonio Nariño in the Battle of Alto Palacé on December 30, 1813, and again in the Battle of Calibío on January 15, 1814. He fled with a reduced group of soldiers to Pasto. There he was replaced by Field Marshal Melchor Aymerich, because, according to Governor Toribio Montes, though Sámano was loyal to the Crown and had much military experience, more audacious tactics were needed for a royalist victory.

paragraph: He returned to Quito, where he was given command of another expedition to New Granada. His command in Pasto was restored, and on June 29, 1816 he won a decisive victory at Cuchilla del Tambo over the rebel Liborio Mejía. Two hundred fifty were killed, and the Royalists took 300 prisoners and all of the rebels' arms and equipment.

paragraph: On July 1, 1816 Sámano's troops again occupied Popayán. Among the patriots taken prisoner was José Hilario López, who unexpectedly escaped execution and later became president of New Granada (1849–53). Sámano ordered the execution of rebel leader Carlos Montúfar.

paragraph: After promoting him to field marshal, Morillo gave Sámano command of Bogotá as commanding general of New Granada. He arrived in Bogotá on October 23, 1816, where he began a program of repression without the approval of Viceroy Francisco Montalvo y Ambulodi. He founded three tribunals: the Permanent Council of War, empowered to issue death sentences against the rebels; the Council of Purification, authorized to judge rebels not meriting the death penalty; and the Junta of Confiscation, intended to seize the possessions of others compromised in the rebellion.

paragraph: Among the rebels executed were Camilo Torres, Francisco José de Caldas, Joaquín Camacho, Frutos Joaquín Gutiérrez, Antonio Villavicencio, Antonio Baraya, Liborio Mejía, Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Policarpa Salavarrieta and Antonia Santos.

paragraph: Section::::As viceroy.

paragraph: In August 1817 Sámano was named viceroy, governor and captain general of the reborn Viceroyalty of New Granada, and president of the Audiencia of Bogotá. By royal decree he was granted the Grand Cross of the Order of San Hermenegildo, for his services to the Crown. He took formal possession of his new offices on March 9, 1818. He founded the Academy of Medicine in Bogotá. However, the Audiencia formally complained of his administration to Madrid.

paragraph: News of the defeat of José Barreiro forces in the Battle of Boyacá arrived in the capital. Sámano quickly fled to Cartagena de Indias, where they refused to recognize his authority. (He was unpopular there because of his reputation for repression.)

paragraph: He sailed for Jamaica, but soon returned to Panama. He remained there without administrative or military control until his resignation. In August 1819, old and sick, he resigned as viceroy. He remained in Panama until his death in July 1821, awaiting permission to return to Spain.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This article is a free translation of the article in the Spanish Wikipedia, version of February 12, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Negret, R., "Don Juan Sámano. De su hoja de servicios". "Boletín de Historia y Antigüedades", Vol. XIII, N-°s 150 y 151 (agosto y septiembre de 1920), pp. 367–370.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lozano Cleves, Alberto, "Así se formó la Independencia", 2 vols. Bogotá: Editorial Iris, 1961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mercado, Jorge, "La campaña invasión de Moritlo". Bogotá: Talleres del Estado Mayor, 1919.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Riaño, Camilo. "La Campaña Libertadora de 1819". Bogotá: Editorial Andes, 1969.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short biography at Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango

description: Viceroy of NEw grenada

wikidata_label: Juan José de Sámano y Uribarri

wikipedia_title: Juan José de Sámano y Uribarri


text:
field hockey
England
Great Britain
2004 Summer Olympics
2008 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics
2014 Commonwealth Games
Great Britain
2007 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy
England
2009 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy
FIH
Old Georgians'
East Grinstead
Holcombe
HGC
Ranchi Rhinos
Hockey India League
Sutton Valence
Invicta Dynamos

categories: 1987 births,Olympic field hockey players of Great Britain,East Grinstead Hockey Club players,Field hockey players at the 2012 Summer Olympics,British male field hockey players,Field hockey players at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Field hockey players at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England,People educated at Sutton Valence School,Field hockey players at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Men's England Hockey League players,Male field hockey midfielders,Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey,Living people,Men's Hoofdklasse Hockey players,English male field hockey players,Holcombe Hockey Club players,Field hockey players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games,Hockey India League players,Sportspeople from Chatham, Kent,HGC players

paragraph: Ashley Jackson (field hockey)

paragraph: Ashley Jackson (born 27 August 1987) is an English international field hockey player who plays as a midfielder for England and Great Britain.

paragraph: He was a member of the Great Britain squad that finished ninth at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and finishing 4th at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Jackson also played in the England squad that won Bronze at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

paragraph: Jackson made his full international debut for Great Britain in 2007 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy and for England in 2009 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy. He was named FIH Young Player of the year 2009 and is the first English player to receive this accolade.

paragraph: He currently plays club hockey for Old Georgians'.

paragraph: Jackson has also played for East Grinstead. Holcombe, HGC in two spells in the Dutch League, as well as for Ranchi Rhinos in the Hockey India League. He started playing hockey for Tunbridge Wells Hockey Club whilst a schoolboy at Sutton Valence, Kent.

paragraph: In December 2014 Jackson began playing ice hockey for Invicta Dynamos, scoring a goal on his debut against London Raiders.

paragraph: In June 2017, together with his brother, Wesley Jackson, he founded Jackson7 coaching.

description: English field hockey player

wikidata_label: Ashley Jackson

wikipedia_title: Ashley Jackson (field hockey)


text:
blues
Cuby + Blizzards
Eelco Gelling
Assen
Rolde
Rotterdam
multiple sclerosis
fire chief
soccer club
American Forces Network
Live at Newport
John Lee Hooker
Radio Drenthe
Grolloo
Discography of Cuby + Blizzards
Website about Harry Muskee
Harry (Cuby) Muskee, 'The Legend'
Harry (Cuby) Muskee Museum, Grolloo

categories: Dutch male singers,1941 births,People from Assen

paragraph: Harry Muskee

paragraph: Harry "Cuby" Muskee (10 June 1941 – 26 September 2011) was the singer of the blues band Cuby + Blizzards, which he co-founded with Eelco Gelling.

paragraph: Muskee was born in Assen, and died in Rolde aged 70.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Muskee was born in the Wilhelmina Hospital in Assen. Early on, he lived with his mother at his grandmother's place, because his father was captured and transported to Germany. Only after the war – when he was four years old – he saw his father for the first time. The family moved to Rotterdam, but returned to Assen after two years. His mother suffered from multiple sclerosis and could not properly care for her child. Because his father, a fire chief, was mostly away from home, his grandmother largely took care of Muskee.

paragraph: At the age of ten Muskee became a member of the soccer club Achilles 1894 and at fifteen he went for his first guitar lessons. At high school he came into contact with jazz and Dixieland music. Together with the brothers Henk and Jaap Hilbrandie he founded the band The Mixtures. From this band emerged later on the 'Old Fashioned Jazz Group'. This band mostly played at school dances in Assen.

paragraph: Through listening to the American Forces Network radio station – for U.S. soldiers stationed in Germany – Muskee came into contact with blues music. When he discovered the album "Live at Newport" by John Lee Hooker, he decided that he also wanted to make this kind of music. In 1961, when Muskee was 20 years old, his mother died, and a year later his grandmother died. Shortly afterwards, Muskee broke through with The Blizzards.

paragraph: After the breakup of Cuby + Blizzards – in 1972 – he toured around with formations like Red White 'n Blue, the Harry Muskee Band, the Muskee Gang and Muskee. Ultimately, the original name Cuby + Blizzards proved to be the most catchy and under this name, assisted by the Groningen guitarist Erwin Java, Muskee toured for many years around the world.

paragraph: In addition, he presented music programs on Radio Drenthe. For the same channel, he made a study tour through the southern states of the United States in search of the roots of the blues. A statue of Harry Muskee was placed in Grolloo, in 1997.

paragraph: Muskee died in Rolde on 26 September 2011 of cancer. After his death, a special museum to honor Harry Muskee was opened in Grolloo.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography of Cuby + Blizzards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website about Harry Muskee

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry (Cuby) Muskee, 'The Legend'

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry (Cuby) Muskee Museum, Grolloo

description: Dutch blues musician

wikidata_label: Harry Muskee

wikipedia_title: Harry Muskee


text:
American football
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
Panthers
safety
National Football League
Oakland Raiders
Houston Oilers
general manager
Tennessee Titans
All-Pro
Seattle Seahawks
Houston Oilers
Ted Thompson
Tennessee Titans
Chief Financial Officer
University of Southern California
athletic director
Los Angeles Raiders
Houston Baptist University
Tennessee Titans bio

categories: Green Bay Packers executives,Players of American football from Wisconsin,Milwaukee Panthers football players,USC Trojans athletic directors,People from Baraboo, Wisconsin,National Football League general managers,Oakland Raiders players,American football safeties,Tennessee Titans executives,Houston Oilers players,Los Angeles Raiders executives,1953 births,Seattle Seahawks executives,Living people,American Conference Pro Bowl players

paragraph: Mike Reinfeldt

paragraph: Michael Ray Reinfeldt (born May 6, 1953) is a former American football player and executive. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and was the captain of the Panthers in their last season of varsity football in 1974. Reinfeldt played as a safety for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL), with the Oakland Raiders in 1976 and with the Houston Oilers from 1976 to 1983. In 2007, he was named general manager of the NFL's Tennessee Titans. An All-Pro safety with the team from 1976 to 1983 in Houston, he re-joined the franchise after spending seven years with the Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: While playing with the Houston Oilers, Reinfeldt was a roommate of Ted Thompson, then an Oilers linebacker and finally the general manager for the Tennessee Titans.

paragraph: In Seattle, Reinfeldt last held the title of Vice President of Football Administration and was responsible for player contract negotiations, salary cap management, player evaluations and numerous aspects of the day-to-day football operations. He came to the Seahawks from the Packers in 1998.

paragraph: In eight seasons at Green Bay, he served a number of roles, including Chief Financial Officer for three years (1991–1993) and VP of Administration from 1994 to 1998. While with the Packers and under his financial leadership, the team's cash reserves went from $4.5 million in 1991 to more than $50 million in 1998 and improved in revenues from 23rd in 1993 to ninth in 1997.

paragraph: Before joining the Packers’ front office in 1991, Reinfeldt spent three years (1988–1990) at the University of Southern California as the associate athletic director and spent another three years (1985–1988) with the Los Angeles Raiders as the Chief Financial Officer. He earned an MBA in management and finance at Houston Baptist University.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tennessee Titans bio

description: American football player and executive

wikidata_label: Mike Reinfeldt

wikipedia_title: Mike Reinfeldt


text: Chistī

text: ṭarīqah

text: Ustād Aḥmad Lahorī

text: Taj Mahal

text: Lal Qila

text: Red Fort

text: Meena Bazaar

text: Old Delhi

categories: Sufi orders,Taj Mahal,1650 births,1729 deaths,Chishti Order,Indian Sufi saints

paragraph: Shah Kalim Allah Jahanabadi

paragraph: Hazrat Khwaja Shāh Kalīm Allāh Jahānābādī RTA (شاه كليم الله جهانابادي) b. Nūr Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Miʿmār al-Ṣiddīqī (1060/1650-1142/1729) was a leading Chistī saint of the late Mughal period and is considered to be instrumental in the revival of the Chistī ṣūfī "ṭarīqah" (path). His father, Noor Ullah, was a well-known astronomer and calligraphist. Hazrat Khwaja Shah was the grandson of Ustād Aḥmad Lahorī, the architect of the Taj Mahal and Lal Qila.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- One Of His Successors Are Famous Sufi Saints Hazrat Syed Shah Yousufain & Hazrat Syed Shah Sharifuddin

paragraph: In the popular discourses of modern India he is remembered for his inclusivist approach to Hindus. The shrine of Hazrat Kaleem Ullah Shah situated opposite of the Red Fort, beside the Meena Bazaar, Old Delhi.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Tilka ʿAsharat Kāmilah

paragraph: Kashkūl Kalīmī

paragraph: Maktūbāt-i Kalīmī

paragraph: Muraqqā Kalimi

paragraph: Sawa alssabeel e kaleemi.

description: Sufi saint

wikidata_label: Shah Kalim Allah Jahanabadi

wikipedia_title: Shah Kalim Allah Jahanabadi


text:
Pennsylvania
Peter Grubb
Cornwall Iron Mines
Lebanon County
Lancaster
Robert Coleman
Peter Grubb, Jr.
Mount Hope
Bethlehem Steel Corporation
John Grubb
Brandywine Hundred
Peter Grubb
Cornwall, Pennsylvania
Lake Superior
Cornwall Iron Furnace
Hopewell Forges
Wilmington, Delaware
Curtis Grubb
Peter Grubb, Jr.
ironmaster
Patriots of the American Revolution
Continental Army
Mount Hope
Robert Coleman
ironmaster
Henry Bates Grubb
Edward Burd Grubb
Clement Brooke Grubb
Mount Hope Estate
Burlington, NJ
anthracite furnaces
Columbia, PA
Susquehanna River
Hurricane Agnes
spinster
socialite
Mount Hope Estate
Cornwall Iron Mines
Lebanon County
Peter Grubb
magnetite
Robert Coleman
Peter Grubb, Jr.
Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Hurricane Agnes
Cornwall Furnace
Curtis
Peter Jr.
Patriots
Revolutionary War
Hopewell Forges
Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site
Speedwell Forge
Manheim Township
gristmill
Henry Bates Grubb
hot blast
Mount Hope Estate
National Register of Historic Places
Henry Bates Grubb
York County
Codorus Creek
Susquehanna River
Continental Army
Declaration of Independence
Manada Creek
Dauphin County
Manada Fort
Camp Curtin
Columbia
hematite
Edward Burd Grubb, Sr.
Silver Spring, Pennsylvania
Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Robesonia
Berks County
George Ege
Henry P. Robeson
Anthracite Furnaces

categories: Industrial Revolution,19th-century American businesspeople,18th-century American businesspeople,People of colonial Pennsylvania,American ironmasters,People of the Industrial Revolution

paragraph: Grubb Family Iron Dynasty

paragraph: The Grubb Family Iron Dynasty was a succession of iron manufacturing enterprises owned and operated by Grubb family members for more than 165 years. Collectively, they were Pennsylvania's leading iron manufacturer between 1840 and 1870.

paragraph: About 1737, Peter Grubb entered the iron business after discovering the vast and rich Cornwall Iron Mines (Cornwall Banks) in Lebanon County, about 21 miles north of Lancaster. Peter and the next five generations of his descendants operated and expanded the business until they owned or operated in close association with at least 18 iron production operations and several thousand acres of property in eastern Pennsylvania.

paragraph: Grubb's heirs sold most of the original properties between 1786 and 1803 to Robert Coleman, who became Pennsylvania's first millionaire and whose operations were continued through the 19th century by his heirs. Beginning in 1800, the heirs of Curtis' brother Peter Grubb, Jr. rebuilt their business on the minority interest they retained, primarily in the Cornwall Iron Mines, and operated for nearly 100 years out of Mount Hope. The Grubb and Coleman families were competitors, but also partners due to their shared interests in the ore fields.

paragraph: Both families' operations bowed to the advances of iron and steel technology in the latter part of the 19th century and were gradually sold between 1883 and 1926. Many of the Grubb holdings and the Cornwall Iron Mines were sold in 1902 to the Pennsylvania Steel Company (which was itself acquired by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation in 1916). The remaining Coleman holdings and the related Robesonia Iron Company were also sold to Bethlehem Steel, in 1919 and 1926 respectively. Bethlehem Steel continued to mine iron ore at Cornwall until 1973.

paragraph: Section::::The people.

paragraph: In 1677, John Grubb came from Cornwall, U.K., and settled in Brandywine Hundred, Delaware, where he established a tannery. His son Peter launched iron operations that eventually linked six generations of people, including:

paragraph: Section::::The Cornwall era (1734–1800).

paragraph: Cornwall, Pennsylvania, was the center of the early Grubb Family Iron Dynasty in the 18th century. It later served a similar role for the Coleman Family operations.

paragraph: Section::::The Cornwall era (1734–1800).:The founding (1st generation, 1734–65).

paragraph: The Grubb family enterprises began when Peter Grubb, a stonemason by training, discovered at Cornwall, Pennsylvania between 1734 and 1737, what proved to be the largest domestic iron ore deposit east of Lake Superior. Grubb purchased 1,000 acres of iron-rich property and began manufacturing activities at the Cornwall Iron Furnace and Hopewell Forges in 1742. The business thrived at Cornwall, operating until 1765 under lease by a group of businessmen named Cury & Company, while Grubb removed to Wilmington, Delaware, where he lived out his life.

paragraph: Section::::The Cornwall era (1734–1800).:The patriot years (2nd generation, 1765–89).

paragraph: Peter's sons Curtis Grubb and Peter Grubb, Jr. inherited the iron works after their father died in 1754, and took over operation in 1765. The ironmaster brothers were both Patriots of the American Revolution and Colonels of local militia; their iron works developed and supplied significant quantities of cannon and other munitions to the war effort. With the heavy demand for iron products and the accompanying inflation during the war, the brothers (and other ironmasters) realized handsome profits in the service of their new country. Curtis added the Union Forge to the holdings about 1782. They continued to operate the iron works, producing several hundred tons annually, Curtis at the Cornwall Furnace and Peter at the Hopewell Forges, until they died, Peter Jr. in 1786 and Curtis in 1789. Their residential mansions at both locations still stand today.

paragraph: Section::::The Cornwall era (1734–1800).:The partition and divestiture (1783–1803).

paragraph: The Grubb brothers unfortunately had a serious falling out beginning in 1783, when Curtis' pending remarriage spawned inheritance anxieties by his oldest son Peter III, 26, who had been a Captain of the Continental Army and a prisoner of war. Curtis acquiesced and decided to give his son his inheritance before the wedding, which subsequently required the courts to formally partition the family operations and allocate ownership shares among Curtis, Peter Jr., and Peter III.

paragraph: Peter Jr. retained a 2/3 interest in the Hopewell Forges but only a 1/3 interest in the rest of the holdings (Cornwall Furnace and Ore Banks, and Union Forge). Peter III received the remaining 1/3 interest in the Hopewell Forges, plus a 1/6 interest in the rest. Peter Jr. feared for the future supply of raw pig iron to his Hopewell Forges that was to become his legacy to his sons, so he decided to build his own furnace at a place south of Cornwall he called Mount Hope, where he had purchased 212 acres. The brothers were now in competition and their relations became increasingly acrimonious. Peter III grew concerned for the business and sold his holdings (1/3 share of the Hopewell Forges and 1/6 share of the rest) to a family friend, Robert Coleman, on September 26, 1785, for 8,500 pounds of gold. All of this weighed heavily on Peter Jr., who had gone deeply into debt to build his furnace; the pressures of competing family operations, and his own poor health, led him to take his own life at Hopewell on January 17, 1786.

paragraph: After Curtis' subsequent passing in 1789, none of his heirs were willing or able to manage the operations and there were complex family inheritance and legal issues still to be resolved by the courts. Robert Coleman had worked for the brothers and was in a position to step in as the family became increasingly unable to manage the business. As a result, in 1895 Curtis' remaining heirs sold their 3/6 interest to Coleman, and by 1803 he had acquired the Hopewell Forges and 5/6 of the rest of the original properties. A successful ironmaster and businessman in his own right, Coleman took over the Cornwall operations, acquired other properties, and went on to become Pennsylvania's first millionaire.

paragraph: It was fortunate for Peter Jr.'s heirs that he decided to begin iron-making operations at Mount Hope. Since the Colemans were now operating out of Cornwall, Mount Hope was destined to become the headquarters of a new and much larger Grubb family iron business.

paragraph: Section::::The Mount Hope era (1800–1902).

paragraph: Mount Hope Estate was the headquarters of the Grubb Family iron manufacturing operations during the 19th Century.

paragraph: Section::::The Mount Hope era (1800–1902).:The Rebirth (3rd generation, 1800–30).

paragraph: Henry Bates Grubb, building on his father's legacy, founded the 19th-century Grubb family iron empire.

paragraph: Henry was the youngest of Peter Jr.'s two sons who inherited their father's estate in 1786, well before they came of age. The estate included 3,741 acres of iron-rich Cornwall land, 2/3 interest in the Hopewell Forges, plus 221 acres and their father's new furnace at Mount Hope. Henry, unlike his older brother Alan, was quite interested in the iron business and had several competent advisers whom the brothers had selected as guardians of their estate. He purchased his brother's share in 1798, to be paid over time, and began to rebuild the business, apparently with the cooperation of Robert Coleman. Henry was barely seventeen when he began a series of transactions to rebuild the family iron business, acquiring several properties. The combined operations grew to become one of the largest iron producers in Pennsylvania during the 19th century.

paragraph: Henry's holdings grew to include at least three iron manufacturing operations, over 6,500 acres of land and a 1/6 interest in the Cornwall ore banks, all managed from Mount Hope. He died in 1823, leaving his widow Harriet Amelia Buckley Grubb to oversee the operations until their sons began to come of age in 1830.

paragraph: Section::::The Mount Hope era (1800–1902).:The peak production years (4th generation, 1840–75).

paragraph: Henry's three sons (Edward Burd Grubb, Clement Brooke Grubb and Alfred Bates Grubb) took over the family business when they came of age beginning in 1830. They greatly expanded the family's operations to become Pennsylvania's leading iron producers from 1840 to 1870, with their headquarters at Mount Hope Estate.

paragraph: Edward was sent to Europe in 1830 to study the latest iron technology, apparently a worthwhile family investment in the future growth of the business. In 1833 Edward and Clement assumed control of the business under the name E. & C.B. Alfred's involvement probably began when he came of age in 1839.

paragraph: Clement apparently decided to strike out on his own, as he resigned from E. & C.B in 1845 and sold his half interest in the Mount Hope Estate to his younger brother Alfred for $25,000. He moved to Lancaster, where he built a large Greek Revival mansion that is now the Lancaster Museum of Art. About the same time Edward removed with his family to Burlington, NJ, where he became a prominent citizen of that area.

paragraph: Alfred was left to manage the Mount Hope Estate and Furnace, in partnership with Edward and his heirs, which he continued until at least 1873. After his death in 1885, the Mount Hope Estate was sold back to Clement for $300,000.

paragraph: Clement acquired several operations at other locations, including two newer-technology anthracite furnaces near Columbia, PA, along the Susquehanna River.

paragraph: Edward and his sons were also active in the iron business during this period. E. Burd entered the business after his Civil War service, and C. Ross entered into a relationship with the Haldeman iron manufacturing family.

paragraph: Section::::The Mount Hope era (1800–1902).:The post-Civil War years (5th generation, 1870–1900).

paragraph: Grubb family members owned and/or operated eleven iron manufacturing operations after the Civil War, when iron was in great demand to meet the needs of an expanding country. Old plants were acquired or upgraded and a new one was built. The Cornwall ore banks continued to supply large quantities of ore to both the iron and newer steel industries. But the expansion of ironworks proved to be short-lived, as the transition to steel production was on the horizon.

paragraph: Section::::The Mount Hope era (1800–1902).:End of a dynasty (1898–1911).

paragraph: The charcoal- and anthracite-based iron manufacturing business rather quickly succumbed to newer technology and the transition to the steel industry that located further west. The ten Grubb family furnaces and mines listed above were shut down over just a 25-year period. Daisy Grubb sold some of her inherited industrial holdings and C. Ross Grubb, as President of the Cornwall Ore Bank Company, sold the Cornwall Iron Mines, both in 1902, to the Pennsylvania Steel Company (later acquired by Bethlehem Steel Company in February, 1916). E. Burd Grubb continued to operate the Lebanon Valley Furnace until about 1911. The dispositions of the other Grubb properties have not been determined, but may have also been acquired by Pennsylvania Steel.

paragraph: The final fifth-generation members of the Grubb Family Iron Dynasty generally went into well-funded retirements. Of Clement's heirs, Charles Brooke Grubb died a batchelor at his Lancaster home in 1911; Ella Jane (Grubb) Smith died in 1920; Daisy Grubb renovated the Mount Hope Estate and may have died there in 1936. Of Edward Burd Grubb's heirs, Gen. E. Burd Grubb ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1908, lost his fortune in a bad investment, and died in Newark in 1913; Henry Bates Grubb died in Burlington in 1919; C. Ross Grubb owned a chateau in Normandy, a villa on the Riviera, and an estate at Manada where he died in 1928. Sixth-generation Parker Ross Grubb died at 45 while golfing in Switzerland in 1920.

paragraph: The Cornwall Iron Mines, that had been the source of the family's wealth, continued in production under Bethlehem Steel until operations were ended by a 1973 flood resulting from

paragraph: Hurricane Agnes; it had been mined continuously for 234 years.

paragraph: Section::::The Daisy Grubb era (1890–1936).

paragraph: Daisy Elizabeth Brooke Grubb was Clement Grubb's youngest child. Never married, she inherited holdings worth $6 million from her father in 1889 and became a wealthy Lancaster spinster and socialite who lived at Mount Hope Estate and at her father's mansion in downtown Lancaster; she also had a town home in Philadelphia. In 1902, she sold most of her inherited industrial holdings to Pennsylvania Steel Company. In 1895, she began renovating her 12-room Federal-style Mount Hope mansion, enlarging it into a 32-room Victorian mansion where she entertained extensively. She retained the formal gardens established by her grandfather. Grubb was the last family member to live at Mount Hope, where she may have died in 1936. The estate is now privately owned and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Her will left a trust fund to the Hope Episcopal Church, which was built by her grandmother, and the rest to descendants of her sisters.

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.

paragraph: The following properties were owned and operated over time by members of the Grubb family, or were closely associated with their operations. Presented in the approximate order of their appearance in the family dynasty. The early furnaces were charcoal-fired, and so were located on or near large tracts of hardwood forests that supplied the charcoal. Later furnaces (after about 1845) were fired by anthracite coal and/or coke, and were located near waterways or railroads that could transport the coal-based fuel mined elsewhere. Forges transformed the pig iron, produced by the furnaces, into final products.

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Cornwall Iron Mines.

paragraph: The Cornwall Iron Mines in Lebanon County, also known as the Cornwall Ore Banks, were the foundation of the Grubb Family Iron Dynasty. Discovered by Peter Grubb, who had acquired 1,000 acres by 1737, they proved to be the largest domestic iron ore deposit east of Lake Superior, and were once the largest open pit iron mine in the world. The ore was primarily magnetite. While the majority interest in the mines were gradually acquired by Robert Coleman by 1803, the descendants of Peter Grubb, Jr. retained a 1/6 interest as tenants in common.

paragraph: The Cornwall Ore Bank Company was formed in 1864 to operate the mines for the benefit of the owners - by then numbering 96! The company operated the mines until they were sold in 1902 to the Pennsylvania Steel Company, which was later acquired by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation) in February, 1916.

paragraph: There was also an open pit mine sold to Bethlehem Steel by the Coleman heirs in 1919.

paragraph: The mines produced high quality iron ore and other valuable minerals for 234 years, growing to over a million tons per year, until they were flooded by Hurricane Agnes and then closed permanently in 1973.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1737–1973, 234 years; 1737–1902, 165 years full or partial ownership by Grubb family

paragraph: Production = 776,000 tons by 1848, 358,000 tons/year in 1940, 1.1 million tons/year later.

paragraph: Acreage = 1,000 acres in 1737. 10,261 acres in 1786 (6,520 owned by Curtis Grubb & Robert Coleman, 3,741 by Peter Grubb, Jr.'s heirs)

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Cornwall Furnace.

paragraph: The Cornwall Furnace in Lebanon County was built by Peter Grubb in 1742 to process ore from his nearby Cornwall Iron Mines and supply pig iron to his Hopewell Forges. A cold blast charcoal fired furnace, it had a reported output capacity of 32 tons per week and supplied pig iron to six local and Philadelphia forges. After Cury & Co.'s 20-year lease expired about 1765, the furnace was jointly owned by Peter's sons Curtis and Peter Jr. Curtis, the majority partner, operated the furnace and Peter ran the Hopewell Forges. The brothers were enthusiastic Patriots and their iron works supplied cannon and other munitions to the Revolutionary War effort during their ownership, which ended with Curtis' death in 1789.

paragraph: Curtis Grubb's heirs found themselves unable or unwilling to operate the business and in 1795 they sold their interests to Robert Coleman, who had already acquired a partial interest in the business and had been managing it for them. Coleman and his heirs operated Cornwall Furnace, with various improvements over the years, until it was closed down in 1883. It has been preserved in excellent condition and the property was deeded to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1932 by the Coleman heirs. Cornwall Furnace is now open to the public and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1742–1883, 141 years; 1742–1802, 60 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Charcoal cold blast

paragraph: Ore source = Cornwall Iron Mines

paragraph: Production = 32 ton/wk (max 1,600 ton/year)

paragraph: Acreage = 80 acres in 1744

paragraph: Transportation = Wagons, Union Canal & N. Lebanon Plank Road (c1820-1886), Cornwall RR (1855 -)

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Hopewell Forges.

paragraph: The Hopewell Forges on Hammer Creek (not to be confused with the Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site), were part of the original Grubb iron works, built by Peter Grubb (the elder) in 1742 to turn pig iron from Cornwall Furnace into final iron products. After 1765, Peter's sons Curtis and Peter Jr. assumed joint ownership of their father's holdings, including the forges. Peter Jr., the minority partner, lived nearby and operated the forges until his death in 1786. See

paragraph: The forges, however, became central to a Grubb family tragedy and other unintended consequences. In 1783, Curtis' son Peter III had been given an interest in the family iron works by his father as an advance inheritance. The courts then had to determine how best to partition the overall assets. Peter III was given a 1/6 interest in the ore fields and a 1/3 interest in the forges, making him partners with his uncle Peter. Neither were happy with the arrangement and in 1785 Peter III sold his share of the forges (and the ore fields) to Robert Coleman, who thus became Peter Jr.'s partner. Peter Jr. became even more concerned for his business situation, especially for the supply of pig iron from his brother's Cornwall Furnace, and decided to build his own furnace at Mount Hope. He went deeply into debt and the pressures of the situation led him to commit suicide at Hopewell in 1786.

paragraph: These events related to the forges had another unintended consequence. As part of the sale to Coleman, Peter III reserved for himself and his heirs the perpetual right to remove sufficient ore from Cornwall Iron Mines to supply one furnace. This clause, particularly the definition of "one furnace," became an unsettled issue in the courts for nearly 100 years. See "Robesonia Iron Company" below.

paragraph: Coleman acquired the remaining interest in the Hopewell Forges in 1802, from Henry Bates Grubb. The property was among those left by Coleman to his four sons upon his death in 1825. While it is unclear when Hopewell ceased operations, it produced 250 tons in 1833, but probably closed before 1854 when Coleman's Speedwell Forge, also on Hammer Creek, was shut down. There is little left of the forges today except a few remnants of the dams at the creek, but Peter Grubb's mansion and historic marker can still be seen on present-day Route 322.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1742 – c. 1850, 108 years; 1742–1802, 60 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Pig iron source = Cornwall Furnace

paragraph: Production = 250 ton/year in 1833

paragraph: Acreage = n/a

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Union Forge.

paragraph: Union Forge was constructed by Curtis Grubb about 1782, near present-day Jonestown, PA, about 12 miles north of Cornwall Furnace. Curtis built the forge to process pig iron from Cornwall Furnace. Included were 1,000 acres of land, blacksmith and carpenter shops, a grist mill, and several houses. The forge continued in operation, under various owners, until 1868, when rolling mills had begun to displace forges as refiners of iron. Union Forge was initially held in common with the rest of the ironworks, and was included in the 1786 partition of the Grubb properties. While unclear, it probably remained a Curtis Grubb operation until his heirs sold to Robert Coleman in 1895. The has been placed at the site of the forge.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1782–1868, 86 years; 1782–1795, 13 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Pig iron source = Cornwall Furnace

paragraph: Production = Not determined

paragraph: Acreage = 1,000

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Mount Hope Furnace.

paragraph: The charcoal-fired Mount Hope Furnace was built in 1785 by Peter Grubb, Jr., on 212 acres of land he purchased from Jacob Graybill in 1784, in Manheim Township about five miles north of Lancaster. There was already an operating gristmill on the property. Peter went deeply into debt to build the furnace because he feared for the future supply of pig iron for his Hopewell Forges from his brother's Cornwall Furnace, in which Peter had only a minority interest. Peter yielded to the business pressures he found himself under and took his own life at Hopewell in 1786. His sons Alan Burd Grubb and Henry Bates Grubb inherited the furnace, which became a core asset of the future Grubb iron business. The furnace produced 1,000 tons of pig iron in 1833. The furnace was upgraded to hot blast and apparently continued in operation until at least 1885, when it was sold by Alfred Bates Grubb's estate, along with nearly 2,500 acres of land (the Mount Hope Estate), back to his brother Clement Brooke Grubb (who had sold his share to Alfred in 1845) for $300,000.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1785 – c. 1885, 100 years, all in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Charcoal cold blast

paragraph: Ore source = Cornwall Iron Mines

paragraph: Production = 1,000 ton/year in 1833

paragraph: Acreage = 212 in 1785; 2,500 in 1885

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Mount Hope Estate.

paragraph: The Mount Hope Estate was the enclave near Manheim that was home and headquarters of the Grubb family iron enterprises after 1800. It grew from Peter Grubb Jr.'s original 212 acres in 1786, home to the Mount Hope Furnace and gristmill, to over 2,500 acres and many buildings by 1885. The original Federal style mansion was built by Peter's son, Henry Bates Grubb, between 1800 and 1805; it was the most formal ironmaster's mansion in the area up to 1850, and featured formal gardens that are still maintained. The enclave at its peak contained nearly 30 outbuildings (including the Hope Church, built in 1848-9), most constructed of locally quarried red sandstone and enclosed by a wall of the same material.

paragraph: Henry B. Grubb, who had inherited Mount Hope from his father at age 12, passed it on to his two older sons, Edward Burd Grubb and Clement Brooke Grubb, upon his death in 1823. The Estate was managed by Henry's widow, Harriet Amelia Buckley Grubb, until the sons came of age. The brothers partnered to operate the business in 1833, under the name E. & C.B. In 1845 Clement sold his half interest to their younger brother Alfred Bates Grubb for $25,000. After Alfred's death in 1885, his heirs sold Mount Hope Estate back to Clement for $300,000, in the most expensive real estate transaction in Lancaster up to that time.

paragraph: The last family member to live at Mount Hope was Clement's daughter Daisy Elizabeth Brooke Grubb, who inherited it from her father along with holdings worth six million dollars. In 1895 she began an extensive renovation and transformed the original 12-room structure into a 32-room Victorian mansion where she entertained many distinguished guests. Daisy lived at Mount Hope at least part of the time until she died in 1936.

paragraph: The property was subdivided and mostly sold off by the subsequent owners, but the mansion and some surrounding land was bought by Charles Romito for a winery in 1980 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: Lifespan = c1805-1936, 131 years in Grubb family, mansion still in use

paragraph: Production = N/A

paragraph: Acreage = 2,500 (including furnace) in 1885

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Mount Vernon Furnaces and Forge.

paragraph: The Mount Vernon Furnace was the first furnace built by Henry Bates Grubb, in 1800 by most references. A charcoal-fired furnace, it was located near Elizabethtown on Conewago Creek, about 15 miles southwest of Mount Hope. It produced 50 tons of pig iron per week (2,500 tons per year) from Cornwall ore. The property was expanded to over 4,000 acres, and there were also a forge, a gristmill, and a sawmill. After Henry's death in 1823, the operations were continued by his sons Edward Burd Grubb and Charles Bates Grubb, and Edward built a second furnace by the same name in 1831. The iron furnaces fell out of production and were abandoned in 1852.

paragraph: The sawmill is still in operation today and the gristmill carried on until 1913. The gristmill was still owned by Grubb & Company in 1875. Its ruins can be seen on the property of the beautiful and historic Conewago Manor Inn and the sawmill can be seen nearby. The original inn was built by Samuel Smith sometime after 1739; Henry Bates Grubb added the majestic stonework structure in 1811 and named it Mount Vernon Estate.

paragraph: The Grubb's Mount Vernon Furnace is not to be confused with the similarly named furnace in Fayette County in western Pennsylvania.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1800–1852, 52 years, all in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Two charcoal cold blast

paragraph: Ore source = Cornwall Iron Mines

paragraph: Production = 50 ton/wk (max 2,500 ton/year)

paragraph: Acreage = 4,000

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Codorus Forge and Furnace.

paragraph: The Codorus Forge was the new name given to the Hellam Forge that Henry Bates Grubb bought from Thomas Neill in 1802. The forge was located in York County, near the intersection of Codorus Creek with the Susquehanna River, about 30 miles southwest of Mount Hope.

paragraph: The forge, which had passed through several owners, was originally built around 1765 by William Bennett on 150 acres obtained from William Penn. The forge processed pig iron produced at nearby Mary Ann Furnace, and had supplied cannon and shot to the Continental Army, probably under the ownership of James Smith, a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

paragraph: Henry Grubb operated the forge until he hired John Shippen, who managed it from 1818 until 1825. Henry's widow, Harriet Amelia Buckley Grubb, oversaw its operation until their oldest sons, Edward Burd Grubb and Clement Brooke Grubb, came of age. The sons inherited the forge and began operating it in 1833 under their partnership E. & C.B. They added the about 1837, transporting ore from their Chestnut Hills Mines by flat boat across the Susquehanna River. The iron products were shipped downriver to Philadelphia and Baltimore. The furnace and forge were closed sometime in the 1850s.

paragraph: An iron ore deposit, known as Grubb's Bank (see below), was discovered on the Codorus property in 1866, well after the forge and furnace were closed down. The ore was shipped by river to the St. Charles Furnace in Columbia.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1765 – c. 1855, 90 years; 1802 – c. 1855, 53 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Charcoal cold blast

paragraph: Ore source = Chestnut Hills Mines

paragraph: Production = 400 tons/year (forge)

paragraph: Acreage = 150

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Manada Furnace.

paragraph: In 1803 Henry Bates Grubb purchased land from Gen. Timothy Green, on Manada Creek in the northwest part of East Hanover Township in Dauphin County, about 60 miles east of Mount Hope. Manada Furnace was built in 1836 by Henry's sons Clement B. & Edward B. Grubb, at Sand Beach near the site of the old Manada Fort. Embracing some 2,500 acres, Manada Furnace was the only charcoal furnace in Dauphin County in 1856, a year after the brothers' partnership ended.

paragraph: The ore came from the Grubb's Chestnut Hill mine or from the Cornwall mines via the Union Canal to Lebanon. From there it was brought by wagon to the furnace. Water power from Manada Creek turned a wheel which operated the bellows that pumped air into the furnace. The water wheel was probably on the northeast corner of the furnace. A bridge from a hill led to the top of the furnace. Men dumped wheelbarrow loads of charcoal, limestone and iron ore into the top. The furnace produced pig iron and also did some casting of products. From 1837 to 1848 the furnace produced over 22,000 tons of iron. The metal was sent to the Swatara railroad station for transport.

paragraph: The community surrounding the furnace consisted of a general store, the iron master's house, a smoke house, boarding house, and twenty two log cabins. The church is still in existence as the United Christian Episcopal Manada Furnace Church. At the peak of operations, the furnace employed 75 men. Two hundred acres were used for farming for the families of furnace workers. In September 1861 the furnace workers formed the 46th Regiment, D Company to fight in the Civil War. The company was disbanded on July 16, 1865. During the Civil War, the owners of Manada Furnace were able to use Confederate prisoners from Camp Curtin to work as woodcutters and laborers. Many are buried at

paragraph: Manada Furnace was closed in 1875.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1836–1875, 39 years, all in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Charcoal hot blast

paragraph: Ore source = Cornwall Iron Mines and/or Chestnut Hill Mines

paragraph: Production = 2,000 ton/year (1837–1848)

paragraph: Acreage = 2,500

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:E. & C.B..

paragraph: A partnership formed in 1833 by Henry's sons Edward Burd Grubb and Clement Brooke Grubb to run the family business from Mount Hope Estate. The partnership continued until 1845 when Clement sold his share to his younger brother Alfred Bates Grubb. By then, Edward had removed to Burlington, NJ and Clement to Lancaster, PA. The companies and properties listed below involved only Clement and Edward and their heirs, as Alfred's did not join the family iron business.

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:E.B & A.B Grubb Company.

paragraph: A partnership formed in 1845 between Henry's sons Edward Burd Grubb, Sr. and Alfred Bates Grubb to manage Mt. Hope Estate and Furnace after their brother Clement ended his partnership with Edward. After Edward's death in 1867, Alfred carried on, with Edward's heirs, until 1873.

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Chestnut Hill Ore Bank.

paragraph: The Chestnut Hill Ore Bank, acquired by Clement Brooke Grubb by 1851, was about eight miles west of Lancaster, at Silver Spring near Columbia. The several ore properties at Chestnut Hill, which adjoin each other, were, when taken as a whole, one of the largest hematite ore deposits in Pennsylvania. Ore was first discovered on the Greider farm, between 1825 and 1832, by the engineer Simeon Guilford. Most of the furnaces in and around Columbia and Chickies depended on these mines for their principal supply of ore.

paragraph: The Grubb tract, about 13 acres, was developed by Jerome Boyer around 1839 and acquired and further developed by Clement Brooke Grubb sometime prior to 1851, when the Chestnut Hill Iron Ore Company was incorporated. Various tracts at Chestnut Hill were owned, in 1869, by Clement Brooke Grubb, heirs of his brother Edward Burd Grubb, Sr., the Chestnut Hill Iron Ore Company, the Silver Spring Iron Ore Company, and other owners of small outcroppings. In 1904, the property was owned by Clement's son, Charles Brooke Grubb. The ore bank supplied thousands of tons of iron ore to the Grubb's Codorus and Manada furnaces and to other nearby anthracite furnaces, such as the St. Charles Furnaces, until 1907.

paragraph: The ore pit, about 13 acres and 110 feet deep, has since filled with water, creating , part of a modern-day 54 acre recreational area in Silver Spring, Pennsylvania.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1839 – c. 1907, 68 years; 1851–1907, 56 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Production = Estimated 20,000 tons/year 1832–1876

paragraph: Acreage = 13

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Columbia Furnace.

paragraph: The Grubb Family Papers, 1814–1869, mention a Columbia Furnace 1853 - 1860. These sources have not been reviewed and no other references to a furnace by that name have been found. They likely relate to the Grubb-owned St. Charles Furnace in Columbia.

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:St. Charles Furnace #1.

paragraph: Clement Brooke Grubb built the in 1854, at Columbia near the Susquehanna River about 12 miles west of Lancaster, on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Years later, in 1875, Grubb and his son Charles bought the Henry Clay Furnace, about a mile upriver, and renamed it St. Charles No. 2. Both furnaces were fired by anthracite coal. Together, these two furnaces had an annual capacity of over 20,000 tons of pig iron, which was well known for its quality for boiler plate, bars, nails and foundry work. In 1863 Grubb built a large iron ore roaster, the first of its kind in Lancaster County, to remove sulfur from the local ores used in the furnaces. The St Charles Furnace was remodeled in 1879–80, but only six years later in 1886 it went out of blast for the last time. It was dismantled in 1897; some remains can be seen from the Route 30 bridge.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1854 – c. 1886, 32 years, all in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Anthracite hot blast

paragraph: Ore source = Local ore & Codorus Iron Mine

paragraph: Production = Estimated 10,000 ton/year

paragraph: Acreage = N/A

paragraph: Transportation = Pennsylvania Canal, Pennsylvania RR

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:C.B Grubb and Son.

paragraph: C.B. Grubb and Son was a partnership formed about 1872 between Clement Brooke Grubb and his son Charles Brooke Grubb. It presumably endured until Clement's death in 1889. The partnership owned both St. Charles Furnaces and the Codorus Iron Mine, also known as Grubb's Bank. They likely also had an interest in the Chestnut Hill Ore Banks, since they were owned by Charles in 1904.

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Henry Clay Furnace (St. Charles Furnace #2).

paragraph: In 1875 C.B. Grubb and Son (Clement and Charles) bought the , located about a mile up the Susquehanna River from Clement's St. Charles Furnace, on the Pennsylvania Canal and the Pennsylvania Railroad. They renamed it St. Charles No. 2.

paragraph: The Henry Clay furnace was one of the first of the anthracite-fired furnaces along the Susquehanna between Columbia and Marietta. It was built in 1845 by Peter Haldeman, but changed hands several times after 1855, producing only sporadically until 1865 when, after a long period of idleness it was blown in again under the proprietorship of the firm Denney and Hess. In 1875 Clement and Charles purchased and renamed it St. Charles Furnace No. 2. Together, the two St. Charles furnaces had an annual capacity of over 20,000 tons of pig iron. The furnace was remodeled in 1879, 1880 and again in 1887, but its production declined and it was abandoned in 1889. Ruins of the onsite tenement building can still be seen today.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1845 – c. 1889, 44 years; 1875–1889, 14 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Anthracite hot blast

paragraph: Production = Estimated 10,000 ton/year

paragraph: Acreage = N/A

paragraph: Transportation = Pennsylvania Canal (1845 -), Pennsylvania RR (1850 -)

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Codorus Iron Mine (Grubb's Bank).

paragraph: The Codorus Iron Mine, better known in later years as Grubb's Bank, was discovered on the Codorus property in 1866. The owner in 1874 was C. B. Grubb and Son. Since the Codorus Furnace was by then shut down, the ore was hauled to the Susquehanna River and floated to the St. Charles Furnaces in Columbia. The mine, less than an acre in size, contained ore consisting of a mixture of magnetite and hematite in sandstone. About 25,000 tons were removed by 1874, with seven men typically working to take about 25 tons per day.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1866 – c. 1874, 8 years, all in Grubb family

paragraph: Production = Estimated 3,000 ton/year

paragraph: Acreage = One

paragraph: Transportation = Susquehanna River

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:The Grubb & Haldeman companies.

paragraph: The Haldeman family were prominent iron manufacturers in the Chickies area in Lancaster County. The Grubbs and Haldemans formed several business relationships, beginning in 1869, to own and operate three anthracite furnaces.

paragraph: In 1869, heirs of Edward B. Grubb Sr. joined the firm of E. Haldeman & Company, after its founder retired. Those heirs apparently were Henry Bates Grubb and his brother C. Ross Grubb, both of whom became officers in other Grubb/Haldeman companies. C. Ross Grubb had purchased the Eagle Furnace, and the Chickies Iron Company was formed in 1876.

paragraph: By 1882, Paris Haldeman, Henry Bates Grubb, and Horace Haldeman had formed the Conewago Iron Company, owners of the Conewago Furnace in Dauphin County. This relationship continued until at least 1892, by which time C. Ross Grubb had succeeded Paris Haldeman as President. The furnace under their ownership supplied the Chickies Iron Company exclusively, but went out of blast in 1888.

paragraph: In 1888, the firm of Haldeman, Grubb & Company was formed as a partnership, between Paris Haldeman, C. Ross Grubb, and Horace L. Haldeman. Horace was the managing partner, and Paris retired in 1891. The firm owned Chickies Furnace #1 (formerly the Chickies Furnace, that had been built and owned by the Haldemans) and Chickies Furnace #2 (previously the Eagle Furnace, that had been acquired by Grubb in 1869).

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Eagle Furnace (Chickies Furnace #2).

paragraph: The anthracite-fired (later renamed Chickies Furnace #2), was built in 1854 on the floodplain between Marietta and Columbia just north of Chickies Creek by Stephen Eagle. Eagle operated the furnace until 1869, when it was purchased by C. Ross Grubb, son and heir of Edward Burd Grubb, Sr. and brother of E. Burd Grubb, Jr. He later became associated with E. Haldeman and Company, who owned and operated the Chickies Furnace. The Haldeman company managed the furnace, remodeled it several times and changed the name to Chickies #2. Haldeman, Grubb & Co. was formed in 1888 to take ownership of Chickies #2 and the nearby Chickies #1. The principal ores used at both Chickies furnaces were obtained from the Grubb and Haldeman's Chestnut Hill ore mines at Silver Springs, some six miles from the furnaces, and from Cornwall, Lebanon County. In the late 1880s the furnace was extensively rebuilt, a two-story engine house was added, and the furnace operated successfully until it was shut down in 1899. Remnants of the furnace, including the still-occupied engine house, can be seen today.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1854 – c. 1899, 45 years; 1869–1899, 30 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Anthracite hot blast

paragraph: Ore source = Chestnut Hill & Cornwall Iron Mines

paragraph: Production = Not determined

paragraph: Acreage = N/A

paragraph: Transportation = Rail

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Conewago Furnace.

paragraph: The Conewago Furnace, formerly the Middletown Furnace, was in Middletown, Dauphin County. The furnace, built in 1853 and rebuilt in 1879, was owned in 1882 by the Conewago Iron Company, a Grubb and Haldeman partnership. Paris Haldeman was President, Henry Bates Grubb was Vice-President, and Horace Haldeman was Treasurer. It was fueled by anthracite and coke, and the ores were from Cornwall and Chestnut Hill. The product was "Chickies" pig iron, made exclusively by contract for the Chickies Iron Company. The Conewago Furnace went out of blast in 1888.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1853–1888, 35 years; c1882-1888, c6 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Anthracite and coke hot blast

paragraph: Production = Not determined

paragraph: Acreage = N/A

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Chickies Furnace (Chickies Furnace #1).

paragraph: Henry Haldeman built the first near the base of Chickies Rock, in Lancaster County, in 1845. Haldeman's sons Edwin and Samuel took over his business holdings later that same year and brought the anthracite-fired furnace into blast in 1846. The furnace was rarely out of blast and with several remodellings to implement technological advancements, it produced 17,000 tons of pig iron per year by the late 19th century. In 1888, Paris and Horace Haldeman partnered with C. Ross Grubb, who owned the nearby Eagle Furnace, to form Haldeman, Grubb and Company. They renamed the furnace Chickies #1 and renamed Eagle Furnace Chickies #2; operating both furnaces until they were shut down in 1899. The principal ores used at the Chickies furnaces were obtained from the Grubb and Haldeman's Chestnut Hill ore mines at Silver Springs, some six miles from the furnaces, and from Cornwall, Lebanon County.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1845 – c. 1899, 54 years; 1888–1889, 11 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Anthracite hot blast

paragraph: Production = 17,000 ton/year

paragraph: Acreage = N/A

paragraph: Transportation = Rail

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Lebanon Valley Furnace Company.

paragraph: The Lebanon Valley Furnace Company was formed in 1865 by Edward Burd Grubb, Sr. as the first president. His eldest son, Gen. E. Burd Grubb, Jr., became president after his father's death in 1867. In 1902 the company formally acquired, from Gen. Grubb, both the Lebanon Valley Furnace and his interest in the Cornwall Iron Mines. The company still owned and operated the furnace in 1907.

paragraph: E. Burd Grubb may have been the last Grubb family member to retire from the iron business, probably in 1911 when he lost his fortune in a bad investment.

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Lebanon Valley Furnace.

paragraph: The Lebanon Valley Furnace, in Lebanon, PA, was built in 1865-7, probably by the Lebanon Valley Furnace Company, who formally acquired it from Gen. E. Burd Grubb in 1902. Gen. E. Burd Grubb had become the owner when his father died, shortly before the furnace was blown for the first time in 1867. The furnace was a modern anthracite- and coke-fired furnace that was remodeled in 1884 and rebuilt in 1904, producing an output of pig iron, under the "Lebanon Valley" brand, of 24,000 tons per year. It was still active in 1907 and most likely continued under Grubb's control until 1911.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1867-unk; 1867 – c. 1911, 44 years in Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Anthracite and coke, hot blast

paragraph: Ore source = Cornwall Iron Mines

paragraph: Production = Estimated 24,000 ton/year

paragraph: Acreage = N/A

paragraph: Transportation = Probably rail

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Cornwall Ore Bank Company.

paragraph: The Grubbs were minority partners in the Cornwall Ore Bank Company, as they continued to hold a 1/6 interest in the ore banks. The company was formed in 1864 to operate the Cornwall mines for the benefit of the owners - by then numbering 96 tenants in common! The company operated the mines until they were sold in 1902 to the Pennsylvania Steel Company, which was itself acquired by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation in February, 1916. The President of the Cornwall Ore Bank Company when the mines were sold was C. Ross Grubb, representing the Grubb family's fifth generation in the iron business.

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Joanna Furnace.

paragraph: While not formally a Grubb property, the charcoal-fired was owned by Clement Grubb's son-in-law, L. Heber Smith, a Civil War Colonel who married Clement's daughter Ella Jane Brooke Grubb in 1868. Located in Berks County, the furnace was built in 1792 and named for Joanna Potts, wife of the principal owner. It passed through several hands before Smith took ownership, probably after the war and before his marriage to Ella Jane. It is not unreasonable to assume that the Grubbs assisted with the furnace's major technological upgrade in 1889, especially since Ella Jane would have been an heiress to her father's sizable estate that year. The furnace continued in operation under Smith until it was "blown out" after his death in 1898 at the age of 61. The furnace was acquired by Bethlehem Steel, who deeded it to the Hay Creek Valley Historical Association in 1979; the ruins have been enhanced by local historians and are open to visitors.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1792–1898, 106 years; 1868–1898, 30 years in Smith/Grubb family

paragraph: Furnace type = Charcoal cold blast

paragraph: Ore source = Jones Mine

paragraph: Production = Not determined

paragraph: Acreage = Not determined

paragraph: Section::::Properties and companies.:Robesonia Iron Company.

paragraph: While the Robesonia Iron Company, owners of the at Robesonia in Berks County about 20 miles east of Cornwall, was not a Grubb property, it affected the affairs of the Grubbs and Colemans for most of the 19th century because it owned access rights to Cornwall iron ore.

paragraph: After Curtis Grubb's oldest son Peter Grubb III received his inheritance in 1783, he sold his 1/3 interest in the Hopewell Forges to Robert Coleman. But as a condition of that sale Peter reserved for himself and his heirs the right of access to remove "for as long as grass grows and water flows" sufficient ore to supply "one furnace". Peter later, in 1883, sold his remaining share of the iron mines, along with these rights, to George Ege to supply his Reading Furnace in Berks County.

paragraph: Henry P. Robeson acquired the operation in 1845 and with it the right to access Cornwall iron ore. Robeson replaced the charcoal-fired Reading Furnace with two (in 1848 and 1855) more modern and much larger Robesonia Anthracite Furnaces, while still demanding the right to access Cornwall iron ore – to supply one furnace, whichever one of the two was in operation, but not both at once. The combined capacity was many times greater than had been visualized in 1783. That right of access, especially with the interpretation of the quantities of ore permitted for "one furnace", was a highly contentious issue for years between Robeson and the Grubbs and Colemans, who jointly owned the ore banks as tenants in common. The issue languished in the courts for years and was not resolved until the state Supreme Court ruled in Robesonia's favor in 1880. As a result, in 1884, the company decided to market only one kind of pig iron called "Robesonia", made exclusively from Cornwall ore, which was consumed in large quantities.

paragraph: In 1926, the Bethlehem Steel Company, owners of the Cornwall iron mines since 1916, acquired Robesonia. In order to protect the mines from the enormous amounts of ore being consumed, Bethlehem Steel elected to shut down the Robesonia furnaces in 1927.

paragraph: Lifespan = 1848–1927, 79 years (anthracite furnaces)

paragraph: Furnace type = Two anthracite hot blast furnaces

paragraph: Ore source = Cornwall Iron Mines

paragraph: Production = Grew from 52 ton/wk in 1848 to 240 ton/wk in 1854 to 1,000 ton/wk (52,000 ton/yr) in 1884

paragraph: Acreage = 6-7,000

wikidata_label: Grubb Family Iron Dynasty

wikipedia_title: Grubb Family Iron Dynasty


text:
Hebrew
Ben Shemen Youth Village
Berlin
Germany
Albert Einstein
World War I
Zionist
Socialist
Kaunas
Mandate Palestine
Israel
moshav
Ben Shemen
British Mandate
Israel Prize
education
List of Israel Prize recipients
Lehman

categories: Israeli Jews,German Jews,Israeli educators,Israel Prize in education recipients,Jewish educators,1892 births,People from Berlin,Jews in Mandatory Palestine,1958 deaths,German emigrants to Israel

paragraph: Siegfried Lehman

paragraph: Siegfried Lehmann (Hebrew: זיגפריד להמן) (born 4 January 1892; died 13 June 1958) was an Israeli educator and founder and director of the Ben Shemen Youth Village.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lehmann was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1892 to an assimilated Jewish family. After finishing high school, he entered a medical school where he studied together with Albert Einstein. During World War I he served as a physician in the German Army. After the war he joined two movements: the Zionist and the Socialist.

paragraph: He founded a Jewish orphanage ("Jüdisches Volksheim") in Berlin in 1916, and opened a shelter for Jewish war orphans in Kaunas in 1919. In 1927, he immigrated to Mandate Palestine, now Israel, and founded the Ben Shemen Youth Village, a large agricultural boarding school, situated adjacent to the moshav in Ben Shemen.

paragraph: He directed Ben Shemen Youth Village from 1927 to 1957 and received the 1957 Israel Prize in Education for it.

paragraph: In 1940, he was imprisoned by the British Mandate authorities because they found arms depots at the village (the "Ben Shemen trial").

paragraph: He died in 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1957, Lehmann was awarded the Israel Prize in education.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Israel Prize recipients

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lehman

paragraph: Chazon Umoreshet, Biography by Aya Lehman Schlair in Hebrew,2010

description: Israeli educator

wikidata_label: Siegfried Lehman

wikipedia_title: Siegfried Lehman


text:
French house music
Daft Punk
Thomas Bangalter
Crydamoure
Neuilly-sur-Seine
Francisco Manuel Homem Cristo
Thomas Bangalter
Lycée Carnot
Easy Rider
Velvet Underground
Laurent Brancowitz
indie rock
Darlin'
punky
Homework
Crydamoure
Sébastien Tellier
Sexuality
Kavinsky
SebastiAn
Waves
Waves II
Sexuality
Sébastien Tellier

categories: French people of Portuguese descent,French disco singers,Lycée Carnot alumni,French male guitarists,Grammy Award winners for dance and electronic music,Daft Punk members,Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres,French pop guitarists,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo

paragraph: Guillaume Emmanuel "Guy-Manuel" de Homem-Christo (; born 8 February 1974) is a French musician, record producer, singer, songwriter, DJ, and film director. He is one half of the French house music duo Daft Punk, along with Thomas Bangalter. He has also produced several works from his record label Crydamoure with label co-owner Éric Chedeville.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: De Homem-Christo was born on 8 February 1974 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. He is the great-great-grandson of Portuguese military figure Francisco Manuel Homem Cristo, who was forced into exile in France in 1910. Homem-Christo was given a toy guitar and keyboard at around seven years of age. He was eventually given an electric guitar at age 14, and uses a guitar when writing music.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Homem-Christo met Thomas Bangalter when they were attending the Lycée Carnot school together in 1987. It was there that they discovered their mutual fascination for films and music of the 1960s and 70s, "very basic cult teenager things, from "Easy Rider" to the Velvet Underground". The two and Laurent Brancowitz eventually joined to form an indie rock trio called Darlin', in which Homem-Christo performed guitar. Bangalter felt that "It was still maybe more a teenage thing at that time. It's like, you know, everybody wants to be in a band." A negative review referred to their music as "a daft punky thrash", which inspired Bangalter and Homem-Christo's new name. The two soon became interested in electronic dance music after going to a club in 1992. Homem-Christo is credited for designing the Daft Punk logo in the liner notes of "Homework".

paragraph: Regarding Daft Punk's creative process and working with Bangalter, Homem-Christo commented that "he's much more of the tech guy than I am. We did everything together. But I have more distance". He added, "I'm more critical of everything we do. We're two-halves of one solid combination. There's balance there – completeness between us, yeah".

paragraph: Homem-Christo is also a co-founder of the group Le Knight Club, along with Éric Chedeville from Pumpking Records. They are the founders of the record label Crydamoure, named after a variation of the French phrase "cri d'amour" or "cry of love" in English. Crydamoure also published works by Homem-Christo's brother Paul de Homem-Christo, under the name Play Paul. In regards to Crydamoure, Guy-Manuel stated:

paragraph: He produced Sébastien Tellier's 2008 album titled "Sexuality". In 2010, Homem-Christo co-produced Kavinsky's "Nightcall" EP with SebastiAn. In 2012, he was featured on Tellier's album "My God Is Blue", producing the track "My Poseidon".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Homem-Christo has two children.

paragraph: Both Homem-Christo and Bangalter have no interest in being celebrities or discussing their private lives. In the rare events of interviews, Bangalter does the majority of talking to journalists. With regard to working and collaborating with other artists, he sees it as a matter of timing and creativity, rather than fame and opportunity. He once stated in an interview:

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Production credits.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Waves" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Waves II" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sexuality" by Sébastien Tellier (2008)

alias:
Guillaume Emmanuel de Homem-Christo
Guy-Man

description: French musician

wikidata_label: Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo

wikipedia_title: Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo


text:
Mauretania
historian
Jugurtha
Romans
Sulla
Gaius Marius
Quaestor
Numidia
Bocchus II
Bogud
Jugurtha
Jugurthine War

categories: 2nd-century BC Berber people,2nd-century BC rulers in Africa

paragraph: Bocchus I

paragraph: Bocchus ( "Bochos") was a king of Mauretania about 110 BC and designated by historians as Bocchus I. He was also the father-in-law of Jugurtha, with whom he made war against the Romans. He delivered Jugurtha to the Romans in 106 BC.

paragraph: In 108 BC, he vacillated between Jugurtha and the Romans, and joined Jugurtha only on his promising him the third part of his kingdom. The two kings defeated the Romans. Bocchus again made overtures to the Romans, and after an interview with Sulla, who was Gaius Marius's Quaestor at that time, sent ambassadors to Rome. In Rome the hope of an alliance was encouraged, but on condition that Bocchus showed himself deserving of it. After further negotiations with Sulla, he finally agreed to send a message to Jugurtha requesting his presence. Jugurtha fell into the trap and was given up to Sulla. Bocchus concluded a treaty with the Romans, and a portion of Numidia was added to his kingdom. Further to conciliate the Romans and especially Sulla, he sent to the Capitol a group of Victories guarding a device in gold showing Bocchus handing over Jugurtha to Sulla.

paragraph: Bocchus I was the father of Bocchus II and Bogud, who inherited the kingdom from their father and split it between them. Bocchus II eventually acquired Bogud's half of the kingdom. After his death in 33 BC the whole of Mauretania became a Roman province.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jugurtha

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jugurthine War

wikidata_label: Bocchus I

wikipedia_title: Bocchus I


text: West Coast

text: Woody Herman

text: Stan Kenton

text: Benny Goodman

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Doc Severinsen

text: NBC Orchestra

text: The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson

text: Gerry Mulligan

text: Frank Sinatra

text: Supersax

text: Pete Candoli

text: Mishawaka, Indiana

text: Mishawaka High School

text: Woody Herman

text: Stan Kenton

text: Benny Goodman

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Chubby Jackson

text: Frank Rosolino

text: Lou Levy

text: Lighthouse All-Stars

text: Shorty Rogers

text: Bud Shank

text: Bob Cooper

text: The Tonight Show

text: Johnny Carson

text: Burbank, California

text: Kansas

text: Jerome Richardson

text: Barney Kessel

text: Monty Alexander

text: Wichita Jazz Festival

text: Doc Severinsen

text: Gerry Mulligan

text: Shelly Manne

text: Terry Gibbs

text: Teddy Edwards

text: Bing Crosby

text: Sammy Davis Jr.

text: Sarah Vaughan

text: Frank Sinatra

text: The International Jazz Hall of Fame

text: Manny Albam

text: Ernie Wilkins

text: The Drum Suite

text: RCA Victor

text: Chet Baker

text: Chet Baker Big Band

text: Pacific Jazz

text: Louis Bellson

text: Big Band Jazz from the Summit

text: Roulette

text: Elmer Bernstein

text: The Man with the Golden Arm

text: Decca

text: Buddy Bregman

text: Swinging Kicks

text: Bob Cooper

text: Coop! The Music of Bob Cooper

text: Contemporary

text: Sonny Criss

text: Sonny's Dream

text: Prestige

text: Teddy Edwards

text: Feelin's

text: Muse

text: Victor Feldman

text: Latinsville!

text: Maynard Ferguson

text: Dimensions

text: EmArcy

text: Maynard Ferguson Octet

text: Clare Fischer

text: Manteca!

text: Thesaurus

text: Atlantic

text: Gil Fuller

text: Night Flight

text: Stan Getz

text: West Coast Jazz

text: Norgran

text: Stan Levey

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: The New Continent

text: Limelight

text: Stan Kenton

text: Popular Favorites by Stan Kenton

text: Capitol

text: Sketches on Standards

text: This Modern World

text: Portraits on Standards

text: The Kenton Era

text: Kenton / Wagner

text: The Innovations Orchestra

text: Shelly Manne

text: Shelly Manne & His Men Play Peter Gunn

text: Contemporary

text: Ruth Price

text: Shelly Manne & His Men Play Checkmate

text: My Fair Lady with the Un-original Cast

text: Manne–That's Gershwin!

text: Boss Sounds!

text: Jazz Gunn

text: Perk Up

text: Concord Jazz

text: Jack Montrose

text: Jack Montrose Sextet

text: Frank Morgan

text: Frank Morgan

text: Gerry Mulligan

text: The Concert Jazz Band

text: Verve

text: Joe Newman

text: Salute to Satch

text: Jack Nitzsche

text: "Heart Beat" (Soundtrack)

text: Anita O'Day

text: Cool Heat

text: Art Pepper

text: Betty Roché

text: Take the "A" Train

text: Bethlehem

text: Shorty Rogers

text: Martians Come Back!

text: Way Up There

text: Shorty Rogers Plays Richard Rodgers

text: Portrait of Shorty

text: Chances Are It Swings

text: The Swingin' Nutcracker

text: An Invisible Orchard

text: Pete Rugolo

text: Ten Trumpets and 2 Guitars

text: Bud Shank

text: Windmills of Your Mind

text: Lalo Schifrin

text: Jazz Suite on the Mass Texts

text: Paul Horn

text: Paramount

text: Mannix

text: Gerald Wilson

text: The Golden Sword

text: Pete Candoli

text: Conte Candoli Collection

text: International Jazz Collections

text: University of Idaho Library

categories: Bebop trumpeters,Musicians from Indiana,American jazz trumpeters,Blue Note Records artists,American male trumpeters,1927 births,Jazz musicians from California,American jazz musicians,Hard bop trumpeters,Musicians from Los Angeles,Cool jazz trumpeters,American people of Italian descent,Crown Records artists,The Capp-Pierce Juggernaut members,People from Mishawaka, Indiana,Deaths from prostate cancer,20th-century trumpeters,20th-century American musicians,2001 deaths,West Coast jazz trumpeters,Male jazz musicians

paragraph: Conte Candoli

paragraph: Secondo "Conte" Candoli (July 12, 1927 – December 14, 2001) was an American jazz trumpeter based on the West Coast. He played in the big bands of Woody Herman, Stan Kenton, Benny Goodman, and Dizzy Gillespie, and in Doc Severinsen's NBC Orchestra on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson". He played with Gerry Mulligan, and on Frank Sinatra's TV specials. He also recorded with Supersax, a Charlie Parker tribute band that consisted of a saxophone quintet, the rhythm section, and either a trumpet or trombone.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: Conte was the younger brother of trumpeter Pete Candoli. He was born in Mishawaka, Indiana, on July 12, 1927. During the summer of 1943, while at Mishawaka High School, Secondo "Conte" Candoli sat in with Woody Herman's First Herd. After graduating in 1945, he joined the band full-time, where he sat side by side with his brother Pete in the trumpet section. Conte immediately went on the road, where he stayed for the next ten years, with Herman, Stan Kenton, Benny Goodman, and Dizzy Gillespie.

paragraph: In 1954, after leaving Stan Kenton, Candoli formed his own group with sidemen Chubby Jackson, Frank Rosolino, and Lou Levy. He soon moved to Los Angeles to join the Lighthouse All-Stars with Shorty Rogers, Bud Shank, and Bob Cooper, and was with them for four years.

paragraph: Candoli's long relationship with "The Tonight Show" began in 1967 and he became a permanent fixture in the orchestra's trumpet section when Johnny Carson moved the show to Burbank, California in 1972. For many years he preferred to stay in California where he could do "The Tonight Show", take all the studio work he wanted, and do occasional concerts and clinics. He ventured to Kansas in 1986 as a WJF All-Star with Jerome Richardson, Barney Kessel and Monty Alexander at the 1986 Wichita Jazz Festival. After Carson's retirement in 1992, he traveled occasionally with Doc Severinsen, but still enjoyed his solo playing.

paragraph: His playing brought him performing and recording opportunities with top names in show business, such as Gerry Mulligan, Shelly Manne, Terry Gibbs, Teddy Edwards, Bing Crosby, Sammy Davis Jr., and Sarah Vaughan. He has appeared in many motion pictures with various orchestras and worked in all of Frank Sinatra's TV specials.

paragraph: Candoli was inducted into The International Jazz Hall of Fame in 1997. He died of prostate cancer at the age of 74, in Palm Desert, California.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: With Manny Albam and Ernie Wilkins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Drum Suite" (RCA Victor, 1956)

paragraph: With Chet Baker

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chet Baker Big Band" (Pacific Jazz, 1956)

paragraph: With Louis Bellson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big Band Jazz from the Summit" (Roulette, 1962)

paragraph: With Elmer Bernstein

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man with the Golden Arm" (Decca, 1956)

paragraph: With Buddy Bregman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Swinging Kicks" (Verve, 1957)

paragraph: With Bob Cooper

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coop! The Music of Bob Cooper" (Contemporary, 1958)

paragraph: With Sonny Criss

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonny's Dream" (Prestige, 1968)

paragraph: With Teddy Edwards

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feelin's" (Muse, 1974)

paragraph: with Victor Feldman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Latinsville!" (Contemporary, 1960)

paragraph: With Maynard Ferguson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dimensions" (EmArcy, 1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maynard Ferguson Octet" (EmArcy, 1955)

paragraph: With Clare Fischer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manteca!" (Pacific Jazz, 1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thesaurus" (Atlantic, 1969)

paragraph: With Gil Fuller

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Night Flight" (Pacific Jazz, 1965)

paragraph: With Stan Getz

paragraph: BULLET::::- "West Coast Jazz" (Norgran, 1955)

paragraph: With Stan Levey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Time The Drum's On Me" (Bethlehem, 1955)

paragraph: With Dizzy Gillespie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The New Continent" (Limelight, 1962)

paragraph: With Stan Kenton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Popular Favorites by Stan Kenton" (Capitol, 1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sketches on Standards" (Capitol, 1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Modern World" (Capitol, 1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portraits on Standards" (Capitol, 1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Kenton Era" (Capitol, 1940–54, [1955])

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kenton / Wagner" (Capitol, 1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Innovations Orchestra" (Capitol, 1950–51 [1997])

paragraph: With Shelly Manne

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shelly Manne & His Men Play Peter Gunn" (Contemporary, 1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ruth Price with Shelly Manne & His Men at the Manne-Hole" (Contemporary, 1961) with Ruth Price

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live! Shelly Manne & His Men at the Manne-Hole" (Contemporary, 1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shelly Manne & His Men Play Checkmate" (Contemporary, 1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Fair Lady with the Un-original Cast" (Capitol, 1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manne–That's Gershwin!" (Capitol, 1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boss Sounds!" (Atlantic, 1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jazz Gunn" (Atlantic, 1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perk Up" (Concord Jazz, 1967 [1976])

paragraph: With Jack Montrose

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jack Montrose Sextet" (Pacific Jazz, 1955)

paragraph: With Frank Morgan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frank Morgan" (Gene Norman Presents, 1955)

paragraph: With Gerry Mulligan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Concert Jazz Band" (Verve, 1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band on Tour" (Verve, 1960 [1962])

paragraph: With Joe Newman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Salute to Satch" (RCA Victor, 1956)

paragraph: With Jack Nitzsche

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heart Beat" (Soundtrack) (Capitol, 1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Anita O'Day

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cool Heat" (Verve, 1959)

paragraph: With Art Pepper

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gettin' Together" (Contemporary 1958)

paragraph: With Betty Roché

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take the "A" Train" (Bethlehem, 1956)

paragraph: With Shorty Rogers

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Martians Come Back!" (Atlantic, 1955 [1956])

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Way Up There" (Atlantic, 1955 [1957])

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shorty Rogers Plays Richard Rodgers" (RCA Victor, 1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portrait of Shorty" (RCA Victor, 1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chances Are It Swings" (RCA Victor, 1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Swingin' Nutcracker" (RCA Victor, 1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Invisible Orchard" (RCA Victor, 1961 [1997])

paragraph: With Pete Rugolo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ten Trumpets and 2 Guitars" (Mercury, 1961)

paragraph: With Bud Shank

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Windmills of Your Mind" (Pacific Jazz, 1969)

paragraph: With Lalo Schifrin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jazz Suite on the Mass Texts" (RCA Victor, 1965) with Paul Horn

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (Paramount, 1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mannix" (Paramount, 1968)

paragraph: With Gerald Wilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Golden Sword" (Pacific Jazz, 1966)

paragraph: With Pete Candoli

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Candoli Brothers" (Dobre Records DR1050, 1978)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conte Candoli Collection, part of the International Jazz Collections at the University of Idaho Library

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Conte Candoli

wikipedia_title: Conte Candoli


text:
basketball
Florida
Nebraska
Raptors 905
NBA Development League
Florida Gators
Nebraska
2015 NBA draft
NBA Development League
Raptors 905
NBA D-League profile
Nebraska bio

categories: Florida Gators men's basketball players,Basketball players from Michigan,American men's basketball players,Power forwards (basketball),1992 births,Nebraska Cornhuskers men's basketball players,Living people,American expatriate basketball people in Canada

paragraph: Walter Pitchford

paragraph: Walter Pitchford V (born April 24, 1992) is an American basketball player who currently is an NBA Free Agent. He played college basketball for Florida and Nebraska before joining Raptors 905 of the NBA Development League in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Pitchford initially played college basketball for the Florida Gators, but transferred to Nebraska in 2012. As a junior playing for the Cornhuskers in 2014–15, he averaged 7.2 points and 4.6 rebounds in 30 games.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On April 2, 2015, Pitchford declared for the 2015 NBA draft, forgoing his final year of college eligibility. However, on June 15, he withdrew his name from the draft, deciding instead to play overseas. He did not manage to secure an overseas contract, and instead tried out for the newly established NBA Development League franchise, Raptors 905. He was successful in earning a training camp roster spot, joining the squad in early November. Pitchford went on to make the final opening night roster for the start of the 2015–16 season, but after appearing in just five games over the first month and a half of action, Pitchford announced his retirement from professional basketball on December 26. Walter then returned to action and began training to become an NBA prospect once again.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NBA D-League profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nebraska bio

description: basketball player (1992-)

wikidata_label: Walter Pitchford

wikipedia_title: Walter Pitchford


text:
ruled
Egypt
Ottoman Empire
Selim I
Ottoman Empire
Abkhazian
Mamluk
Aleppo
Battle of Marj Dabiq
Ottoman conquest of the Mamluks
Mamluk Sultanate
Yunus Pasha
Selim I
governorship of Egypt
List of Ottoman governors of Egypt
Battle of Marj Dabiq
Ottoman conquest of the Middle East

categories: Year of birth unknown,Ottoman governors of Egypt,1552 deaths,People of the Ottoman Empire of Abkhazian descent

paragraph: Hayır Bey

paragraph: Hayır Bey (sometimes spelled Kha'ir Bey or Kha'ir Beg; died 1522) ruled Egypt in the name of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 until his death in 1522. He was granted the position of governor by sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire for his help in the conquest of Egypt.

paragraph: Being of Abkhazian origin, he was the former Mamluk governor of Aleppo who contributed to the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Marj Dabiq. After the Ottoman conquest of the Mamluks and the end of the Mamluk Sultanate, the grand vizier Yunus Pasha was made the governor of Egypt. However, after Ottoman sultan Selim I found out about Yunus Pasha's corruption in governing, consisting of bribery and extortion, Hayır Bey was entrusted with the governorship of Egypt.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ottoman governors of Egypt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Marj Dabiq

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ottoman conquest of the Middle East

description: Ruled Egypt under Ottomans

wikidata_label: Hayır Bey

wikipedia_title: Hayır Bey


text: VC

text: English

text: Victoria Cross

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: Arnold School

text: Blackpool

text: second lieutenant

text: Lancashire Fusiliers

text: British Army

text: Fusilier Museum

text: The Four Blackburn VC's

text: Monuments to Courage

text: The Register of the Victoria Cross

categories: British military personnel killed in World War I,British Army personnel of World War I,Lancashire Fusiliers officers,People educated at Arnold School,People from Blackburn,Royal Army Service Corps soldiers,British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross,1892 births,1918 deaths

paragraph: John Schofield (VC)

paragraph: John Schofield VC (4 March 1892 – 9 April 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Before joining up, he attended Arnold School in Blackpool. Numerous memorials to his actions during the war can be found in the school's foyer and a plaque commemorating his VC can be found outside the school's memorial hall, inside of which the names of all the fallen old boys can be found.

paragraph: He was 26 years old, and a Temporary second lieutenant in the 2/5th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Fusilier Museum, Bury, England.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Four Blackburn VC's (HL Kirby and RR Walsh)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- VCs of the First World War - Spring Offensive 1918 (Gerald Gliddon, 1997)

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: John Schofield

wikipedia_title: John Schofield (VC)


text:
VC
English
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
seaman
Royal Navy
Naval Brigade
Crimean War
Battle of Inkerman
Crimea
James Gorman
Thomas Reeves
quartermaster
Imperial War Museum
Monuments to Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross

categories: People from London,British recipients of the Victoria Cross,Crimean War recipients of the Victoria Cross,Royal Navy personnel of the Crimean War,1828 births,Royal Navy sailors,Burials at sea,1858 deaths

paragraph: Mark Scholefield

paragraph: Mark Scholefield VC (16 April 1828 – 15 February 1858) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: Scholefield was 26 years old, and a seaman in the Royal Navy, serving in the Naval Brigade, during the Crimean War when he earned the VC.

paragraph: On 5 November 1854 at the Battle of Inkerman, Crimea, the Right Lancaster Battery was attacked and many of the soldiers were wounded. Seaman Scholefield with two other seamen (James Gorman and Thomas Reeves) and two others who were killed during the action, mounted the defense work banquette and, under withering attack from the enemy, kept up a rapid, repulsing fire. The muskets were re-loaded for them by the wounded soldiers under the parapet and eventually the enemy fell back and gave no more trouble.

paragraph: Section::::Further information.

paragraph: He later achieved the rank of quartermaster. His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum, London.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: Mark Scholefield

wikipedia_title: Mark Scholefield


text:
VC
English
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
captain
Bengal Staff Corps
British Indian Army
Balochistan Campaign
Quetta
British India
sepoy
killed in action
Srinagar
Kashmir
major
Monuments to Courage
The Register of the Victoria Cross

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,1882 deaths,1840 births,Bengal Staff Corps officers,People from Devon,British Indian Army personnel killed in action

paragraph: Andrew Scott (VC)

paragraph: Major Andrew Scott VC (22 August 1840 – 5 September 1882) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Section::::Details.

paragraph: Scott was 36 years old, and a captain in the Bengal Staff Corps, British Indian Army during the Balochistan Campaign when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: On 26 July 1877 at Quetta, British India, Captain Scott was on duty at the regimental parade ground in the evening when he heard that British officers were being killed and immediately rushed to the rescue. He found one lieutenant cut down and another hard pressed and wounded but being protected by a sepoy. Captain Scott bayoneted two of the assailants and closed with a third, who fell with him to the ground and was killed by the sepoys of the regiment. This action saved the life of the wounded lieutenant.

paragraph: He was killed in action at Srinagar, Kashmir, on 5 September 1882.

paragraph: Section::::Further information.

paragraph: He later achieved the rank of major.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: soldier from Britain

wikidata_label: Andrew Scott

wikipedia_title: Andrew Scott (VC)