text:
laqab
Buyid
Iraq
Fars
Kerman
Persian
'Adud al-Dawla
Dailamite
Asfar ibn Kurdawayh
Samsam al-Dawla
Sharaf al-Dawla
Fuladh ibn Manadhar
Fars
Kerman
Khuzestan
Fakhr al-Dawla
Jibal
Arrajan
malik
Sabur ibn Ardashir
vizier
Shâhanshâh
Oman
amir
Persia
Hasanwayhid
Badr ibn Hasanwayh
'Izz al-Dawla
Shiraz
Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz
Majd al-Dawla
Shams al-Dawla
Ahvaz
Kurds
Shayban
Arabs
Al-Mazeedi
Ali ibn Mazyad
Fakhr al-Mulk
Kurd
Marwanid
Diyarbakr
Uqaylids
Mosul
Baghdad
Wasit
Ziyarids
Gorgan
Tabaristan
Ghaznavids
Khurasan
Kakuyids
Isfahan
Sultan al-Dawla

categories: 11th-century rulers in Asia,Buyid dynasty,10th-century Iranian people,1012 deaths,10th-century rulers in Asia,History of Kerman Province,History of Fars Province,971 births

paragraph: Baha' al-Dawla

paragraph: Abu Nasr Firuz Kharshadh () (died December 22, 1012), better known by his "laqab" of Baha' al-Dawla (, meaning "Splendour of the State") was the Buyid amir of Iraq (988–1012), along with Fars and Kerman (998–1012). His early reign was dominated by struggles with his rival relatives over control of the western Persian provinces, but by 998 he managed to establish his supremacy over the Buyid confederation. His reign nevertheless saw the increasing encroachment of neighbouring powers on Buyid territory, and marks the beginning of the decline of the Buyids' power. He was the third son of 'Adud al-Dawla.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: In 986, a Dailamite officer named Asfar ibn Kurdawayh rebelled against the ruler of Iraq, Samsam al-Dawla, and changed his allegiance to Sharaf al-Dawla. However, Asfar quickly changed his mind, and declared allegiance to the latter's other brother Abu Nasr Firuz Kharshadh, who was shortly given the honorific epithet of "Baha' al-Dawla." However, Samsam al-Dawla, with the aid of Fuladh ibn Manadhar, suppressed the rebellion, and imprisoned Baha al-Dawla. Samsam al-Dawla shortly made peace with Sharaf al-Dawla, and agreed to release Baha al-Dawla. Sharaf al-Dawla shortly betrayed Samsam al-Dawla, conquered Iraq, and had him imprisoned in a fortress.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Upon the death of Sharaf al-Dawla in 988, Baha' al-Dawla succeeded him, whereupon he took the additional title of "Diya' al-Milla". Samsam al-Dawla, who managed to flee from prison, prevented Baha' al-Dawla from gaining all of Sharaf al-Dawla's possessions by taking control of Fars, Kerman and Khuzestan. Both Baha' al-Dawla and Samsam al-Dawla, however, were threatened by their granduncle Fakhr al-Dawla, the ruler of Jibal, who invaded Khuzestan in an attempt to drive a wedge between the two brothers' territories. This act prompted the brothers to draw up an alliance. Samsam al-Dawla recognized Baha' al-Dawla as the ruler of Iraq and Khuzestan, while he himself kept Arrajan, Fars and Kerman. Both promised to consider each other as equals, and took the title of king ("malik"). In 990, Baha' al-Dawla appointed Sabur ibn Ardashir as his "vizier".

paragraph: In 991 Baha' al-Dawla attempted to gain supremacy over Samsam al-Dawla's realm. He took the ancient Persian title of "Shâhanshâh" and invaded the latter's territory. His forces were defeated, however, and Samsam al-Dawla regained Khuzestan and even gained control of the Buyid territories in Oman. He then recognized Fakhr al-Dawla as senior "amir", submitting to his authority.

paragraph: Fakhr al-Dawla's death in 997, coupled with Samsam al-Dawla's increasing troubles within his realm, provided Baha' al-Dawla with the opportunity to assert his authority in Persia. He gained the support of the Hasanwayhid ruler Badr ibn Hasanwayh and prepared for the expedition. The invasion began in December 998; scarcely had it commenced when Samsam al-Dawla was killed by one of the sons of 'Izz al-Dawla who had risen in revolt. Baha' al-Dawla then took Shiraz, defeated 'Izz al-Dawla's sons, and was joined by the Dailamites of Fars under Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz. For the rest of his life Baha' al-Dawla remained in Fars. He also managed to gain indirect control over northern Iran, where Fakr al-Dawla's two sons Majd al-Dawla and Shams al-Dawla recognized him as senior "amir" by 1009 or 1010. In 1001, Baha' al-Dawla appointed Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz as the governor of Ahvaz, and one year later, appointed him as the governor of Iraq, where he made order by solving disputes between different religious sects, and by defeating bandits who had caused chaos in the region.

paragraph: He also managed to defeat the former governor of Iraq, Abu Ja'far al-Hajjaj, who was supported by Kurds and Shayban Arabs. In 1007, Baha' al-Dawla made peace with the Al-Mazeedi ruler Ali ibn Mazyad, who was given the honorific title of "Sanad al-Dawla", and agreed to become a vassal of Baha' al-Dawla in return of recognition of his rule. This treaty was highly in favor of Baha' al-Dawla, who managed to use Ali ibn Mazyad as the keeper of Buyid influence in Iraq and its surrounding regions. In 1011, Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz died and was succeeded by Baha' al-Dawla's new vizier Fakhr al-Mulk as the governor of Iraq.

paragraph: Baha' al-Dawla's reign coincided with the beginning of the decline of the Buyids. The Kurdish chief Badh laid the foundations for the Marwanid amirate in Diyarbakr, while the initially subservient 'Uqaylids of Mosul expanded into Iraq at the Buyids' expense. By the time Baha' al-Dawla died, Baghdad and Wasit were the only two major Iraqi cities directly under his control. In the north, where Fakhr al-Dawla's sons ruled, the Buyid frontier also fell back, as the Ziyarids of Gorgan and Tabaristan permanently wrested themselves from Buyid control. The Ghaznavids kept putting pressure on the Khurasan border, while the Kakuyids began to set up a state in Isfahan.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: For various reasons, Baha' al-Dawla did not actively defend the borders. Having gained undisputed control of the Buyid state, he seemed content to allow external enemies to seize territories in the west and north. He died in Arrajan in December 1012. Shortly before his death, he named his son Sultan al-Dawla as his successor.

description: Buyid amir

wikidata_label: Baha' al-Dawla

wikipedia_title: Baha' al-Dawla


text:
Tiglath Pileser II
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Assyria
eponym list
Annals
Kadmuhu
Assyrian
Arameans
Adad-nirari II
Zagros
regnal year
Tukulti-Ninurta II
Ashurnasripal II
Shalmaneser III

categories: 10th-century BC Assyrian kings,Assyrian kings,10th-century BC rulers,Year of birth unknown,912 BC deaths

paragraph: Ashur-dan II

paragraph: Ashur-Dan II (Aššur-dān) (934–912 BC), son of Tiglath Pileser II, was the earliest king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. He was best known for recapturing previously held Assyrian territory and restoring Assyria to its natural borders, from Tur Abdin (southeast Turkey) to the foothills beyond Arbel (Iraq). The reclaimed territory through his conquest was fortified with horses, ploughs, and grain stores. His military and economic expansions benefited four subsequent generations of kings that replicated his model.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Until the decipherment of cuneiform in the mid-nineteenth century AD, the only information on Neo-Assyrian history came from the Bible and classic authors. The direction of the campaigns conducted by Assyrian kings and the means of reconstructing chronology of events from the period of 841–745 and beyond are found in one type of eponym list, commonly known as 'Eponym Chronicle'. The Assyrian royal annals add to this skeleton outline significantly. Annals are still in existence for all but the last few kings. There are no letters available from this period, however administrative and legal documents exist. For Ashur-Dan II, whose annals are only preserved in fragments, certain characteristics of Assyrian military can be observed. He followed the description of his military exploits by the count of wild animals (wild bulls, elephants, and lions) that he had hunted and killed, which traditionally characterized Assyrian kings as protective and heroic. The accounts conclude with Ashur-Dan building activities, stressing that he did not exploit the spoils of his campaign to enrich himself, but rather to honor and exalt the gods.

paragraph: Section::::Accomplishments.

paragraph: Annals preserved in fragments suggest Ashur-Dan was the first king known to have conducted regular military campaigns in over a century. His military campaign primarily focused on northern territories along mountainous terrain that made controlling it problematic. These areas were vital because they lay close to the Assyrian heartland and thus were vulnerable to enemy attacks. Furthermore, several important routes leading to Anatolia ran through these areas and were a source of crucial metals. In one of his more significant victories, Ashur-Dan captured the king of the northeastern state of Kadmuhu, flayed and displayed his skin publicly on the walls of Arbela, replaced him with a loyal subordinate, and took valuable bronze, tin and precious stone from Kadmuhu.

paragraph: Another chief concern of Ashur-Dan’s known military campaigns was the Armenians to the west. Evident in his own statements found from fragmentary annals, Ashur-Dan believed he was rightfully retaking Assyrian territory occupied by the Armenians in the recent past. He also claimed that he had brought back Assyrians who had fled due to starvation to resettle the lands. The impression conveyed through these annals was that the Armenians enslaved and slaughtered Assyrians and seized their land.

paragraph: Eastwards, the Zagros foothills down to the lower Zab, were strategic crucial points where Assyrian kings frequently campaigned, both for Assyrian security and to safeguard the limited routes through the mountains. This was a key commercial point for Assyrians, trading horses and valuable lapis lazuli mined in northeast Afghanistan.

paragraph: After reestablishing the Assyrian boundaries, Ashur-Dan went through an extensive period of resettlement and land reclamation. Ashur-Dan also left his mark on the Craftsman’s Gate and the New Palace by performing construction on both sites. His basic ideology and strategy laid the foundation for the Neo-Assyrian period, which was elaborated by his successors. He was able to establish a uniformly structured political entity with well-defined and well-structured borders. His conquest is presented as a return of stability and prosperity after a perceived unlawful period of intrusion. The displaced Assyrians were rehoused in towns and the resettled lands were fortified with agricultural growth. The decline of Early Assyria was largely due to a lack of systematic administration and an influx of Arameans. Ashur-Dan established government offices in all provinces, creating a strong administrative presence in the areas under his rule. At the end of the millennium, Assyria was surrounded by enemies to the south, in and around Babylonia, to the west by the Arameans in Syria, and to the north and east by the Nairi people. Ashur-Dan successfully expanded Assyrian territory surrounded by formidable foes and established provincial administration that once again transformed Assyria from a territorial power to an imperial power known as the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a diverse and multi-ethnic state from people from many tribes of different origins. It was a uniformly structured political entity with well-defined and well-guarded borders, and the Assyrian kings certainly regarded it as a unified whole, "the land of Aššur", whose territory they constantly strove to expand. To the outside world, it likewise was a unified, monolithic whole, whose inhabitants were unhesitatingly identified as Assyrians regardless of their ethnic backgrounds.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: Ashur-Dan was succeeded by his son, Adad-nirari II (911–891 BC). He continued to campaign repeatedly in areas that his father had attacked, expanding on his father’s achievements. He ruled two years less than his father, but the number and range of his military campaigns were greater. To the west he marched as far as the Balikh river, to the south as far as the middle Euphrates, to the north as far as the southern regions of Lake Van, and to the east he penetrated the Zagros mountains. Three versions of his annals are known. Altogether the annals cover campaigns from the accession to the eighteenth regnal year. Other kings that followed his strategies and ideology were Tukulti-Ninurta II, son of Adad-nirari II; Ashurnasripal II, son of Tukulti-Ninurta II; and Shalmaneser III, son of Ashurnasripal II.

description: Assyrian king

wikidata_label: Ashur-dan II

wikipedia_title: Ashur-dan II


text:
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Alava
Spanish
triathlete
2000 Summer Olympics
2004 Summer Olympics
Athens
Hawaii Ironman
vegetarian

categories: Sportspeople from Vitoria-Gasteiz,1976 births,Olympic triathletes of Spain,Spanish male triathletes,Triathletes at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Basque triathletes,Triathletes at the 2000 Summer Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Eneko Llanos

paragraph: Eneko Llanos Burguera (born 30 November 1976 in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava) is a Spanish triathlete.

paragraph: Llanos competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took twenty-third place with a total time of 1:50:48.35. Four years later, at the 2004 Summer Olympics, Llanos competed again, moving up in the ranking to twentieth place. His time on the more difficult Athens course was 1:54:52.37.

paragraph: He has also been a top-10 finisher at Hawaii Ironman on three occasions.

paragraph: In 2008 Eneko became a recognized competitor for the Ironman Hawaii crown. After a fierce duel with Chris Mccormack in Wildflower, where he finished 19 seconds behind Mccormack, and when the scenario repeated itself in Frankfurt, it was clear that Eneko was a serious contender. He was then mentioned on many occasions as one of the pre-favourites, with Mccormack, Craig Alexander and Normann Stadler.

paragraph: Again it was a 2nd place, and again it was to a time difference of 3 minutes and 5 seconds.

paragraph: He is vegetarian.

paragraph: He was champion of the first Abu Dhabi International Triathlon.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Ironman Arizona 1st place 11/18/2018

description: Spanish triathlete

wikidata_label: Eneko Llanos

wikipedia_title: Eneko Llanos


text:
Rómulo Betancourt
Raúl Leoni
Vatican
Senate of Venezuela
Carlos Andres Perez
Colombia
Corbeta Caldas
Gulf of Venezuela

categories: Democratic Action (Venezuela) politicians,2013 deaths,Presidents of the Senate of Venezuela,1920 births,People from Caracas,Venezuelan politicians,Ambassadors of Venezuela to the Holy See

paragraph: Reinaldo Leandro Mora

paragraph: Reinaldo Leandro Mora (May 23, 1920 – November 4, 2013) was a Venezuelan educator and politician. He was part of Acción Democrática. He was deputy Minister of Education between January and March 1961 and got his official designation as Minister from March 1961 to 1964, under President Rómulo Betancourt administration (1959-1964). Under President Raúl Leoni administration (1964-1969) he was the Venezuelan Plenipotentiary Ambassador in the Vatican. From 1966 to 1969, he was Minister of Internal Affairs. He was Senator in the former Venezuelan bicameral Congress (until 1999), and President of the Senate of Venezuela from 1984 to 1989.

paragraph: Section::::Leandro Mora's key facts on Venezuelan political life.

paragraph: He was one of the most important candidates of Accion Democratica Party National Convention toward presidential election on December 1973. He got 180 votes but Carlos Andres Perez was elected as presidential candidate (and Venezuelan president in 1973 election) with 300 votes.

paragraph: He was considered as a solid name for the Accion Democratica candidature in 1982 and 1987, but he refused the idea of being presidential candidate again.

paragraph: After his years as Congressman, Leandro Mora was president of the Presidential Commission on Marine and Submarine Frontier Waters with Republic of Colombia en 1989. This is very important due the delicate military crisis that involved both countries on 1987's Corbeta Caldas incident in the Gulf of Venezuela.

paragraph: Section::::Leandro Mora's legacy.

paragraph: Nelson Bocaranda, an experienced Venezuelan journalist wrote about his public service:

paragraph: "Reinaldo Leandro Mora was called for most of the people the "Friendship Prince". I agree. I met him during his days as Minister of Education under Betancourt's government and when he was Minister of Internal Affairs under Leoni's administration. I was 17 when I began in Radio Aeropuerto station, and he introduced me to the most important figures of Venezuelan politician world. I learned from him how to protect my sources. He believed in me when I walked by myself for first time into journalism. He was very grateful with his friends. He built bridges in these true democracy years that began in Venezuela in 1958. He never was rude or disrespectful with his political detractors. He was true militant of Accion Democratica. He had humility, charisma, culture and kindheartedness. Without doubt, Reinaldo Leandro Mora will be remembered for that."

paragraph: Section::::Leandro Mora's Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pintura venezolana 1661-1961" (1961).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Comunidad Nacional" (1967).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fundación de La Guaira: Origen, desarrollo y destino de un pueblo" (1967).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Constitución de la República: Sin vocación a riesgo de vigencia efímera" (1986).

description: Venezuelan politician

wikidata_label: Reinaldo Leandro Mora

wikipedia_title: Reinaldo Leandro Mora


text:
Apostolic vicar
Phnom Penh
Strasbourg
diocese of Strasbourg
major seminary
philosophy
theology
Japan
France
Paris Foreign Missions Society
Strasbourg Cathedral
Cambodia
khmer language
Takéo Province
Christmas
coadjutor
vicar of Phnom Penh
information

categories: French Roman Catholic bishops in Asia,Living people,1970 births,People from Strasbourg

paragraph: Olivier Schmitthaeusler

paragraph: Olivier Schmitthaeusler (born 26 June 1970) is the current Apostolic vicar of Phnom Penh since 10 October 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Olivier was born in Strasbourg in 1970 as the eldest child of a big family. His father is a permanent deacon in the diocese of Strasbourg. He entered in 1989 in the major seminary of Strasbourg where he studied philosophy and theology. Between 1991 and 1994 he was cooperant in Japan for his civil service. Back to France he was ordained a priest for the Paris Foreign Missions Society on 28 June 1998 in the Strasbourg Cathedral.

paragraph: He was sent as a missionary in Cambodia where he first studied khmer language for three years between 1998 and 2001. He was finally named parish priest in the small parish of Chomkarcheang in Takéo Province.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Episcopal career.

paragraph: The day before Christmas 2009, he was named coadjutor vicar of Phnom Penh in order to replace bishop Émile Destombes, who was about to resign for age reasons. He succeeded him on 10 October 2010 after being ordained bishop on 20 March 2010. At that time he was the youngest French bishop and one of the youngest bishops in the world.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: "This article is a translation of the corresponding article in the French Wikipedia with a few changes"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- information on catholic-hierarchy.org

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Olivier Schmitthaeusler

wikipedia_title: Olivier Schmitthaeusler


text:
maritime historian
Wellington
New Zealand
Australia
journalist
World War II
World Ship Society
Royal Australian Historical Society
Vaucluse
Sydney

categories: Australian non-fiction writers,1974 deaths,Australian journalists,Australian war correspondents,Australian maritime historians,1903 births,Australian Book Review people,20th-century Australian historians,New Zealand emigrants to Australia

paragraph: Charles Bateson

paragraph: Charles Bateson (4 August 1903 – 5 July 1974) was a maritime historian, journalist and author.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Charles Henry Bateson was born in Wellington, New Zealand, son of Charles Bateson, a company manager born Liverpool, England, and mother Alice Lowe, née Rossiter, from Wales. He was educated at Hurworth school, Taranaki, before migrating to Australia in 1922.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Journalist.

paragraph: Charles Bateson worked as a journalist for a number of Australian papers. He worked for newspaper proprietor Ezra Norton’s "Truth and Sportsman Ltd" becoming a talented administrator and lead writer for the Sydney "Truth" and Melbourne "Truth". After Norton’s newspapers were taken over by News Ltd Bateson became editorial manager of Mirror Newspapers Ltd, before helping launch the "Australian" newspaper.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:War correspondent.

paragraph: Working for the Department of the Interior during World War II first as a publicity officer and then as principal information officer, he later became a war correspondent. It was during this time that he met two pilots in London with whom he collaborated in writing two of his early works as a writer: "Spitfires over Malta" (1943) and "First into Italy" (1944).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Author.

paragraph: After his journalistic career Bateson pursued his interest in writing particularly in the maritime history of Australia and the Pacific. He was editor of "The Log", the official journal of the Australian and New Zealand branch of the World Ship Society between 1958 and 1966. Bateson’s greatest success came with the publication of "The Convict Ships 1787-1868" (first published 1959). Containing a comprehensive list of convict transports to the Australian colonies between 1787 and 1868 this remains the standard reference work of its type, an indispensable tool especially for those researching convict ancestry.

paragraph: Another publishing success came with "Australian shipwrecks" (1972). Bateson completed the first volume in what was to be a six volume series of books on maritime disasters in Australia. After his death the series was completed by Jack Loney.

paragraph: Bateson bequeathed his collection of 1300 books and his personal papers to the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales.

paragraph: Section::::List of works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spitfires over Malta" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "First into Italy" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Convict Ships 1788 - 1868" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gold fleet for California: forty-niners from Australia and New Zealand" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Patrick Logan - tyrant of Brisbane Town" (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The War with Japan: a concise history" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Early sailor" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Early soldier" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Early surveyor" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Chartmaker" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Gold commissioner" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Australian Shipwrecks v1: 1622-1850" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dire Strait: a history of Bass Strait" (1973)

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Shortly after arriving in Australia, Bateson met and married journalist Coy Catherine Foster-Lynam on 27 August 1923 at St Peter’s Anglican Church East Sydney. Bateson pursued his interests in military, naval and maritime history throughout his life particularly in retirement and was a member of the Royal Australian Historical Society.

paragraph: Bateson died of coronary vascular disease at Vaucluse in Sydney on 5 July 1974, survived by his second wife Ann and daughter Louise of his first marriage.

description: Australian historian

wikidata_label: Charles Bateson

wikipedia_title: Charles Bateson


text: English

text: Theberton Hall

text: Saxmundham

text: Laleham

text: Elstree

text: Royal Navy

text: Portsmouth

text: King's College London

text: Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge

text: Dorothy Doughty

text: Travels in Arabia Deserta

text: T. E. Lawrence

text: King James Bible

text: Henry Green

text: John Updike

text: Laura (Riding) Jackson

text: Royal Geographical Society

text: Founder's Gold Medal

text: Golders Green Crematorium

categories: English travel writers,Alumni of King's College London,Explorers of Arabia,Explorers of Asia,Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge,1926 deaths,1843 births,English male poets

paragraph: Charles Montagu Doughty

paragraph: Charles Montagu Doughty (19 August 1843 – 20 January 1926) was an English poet, writer, explorer, adventurer and traveller born in Theberton Hall near Saxmundham, Suffolk and educated at private schools in Laleham and Elstree, and at a school for the Royal Navy, Portsmouth. He was a student at King's College London, eventually graduating from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1864.

paragraph: He was the father of Freda and Dorothy Doughty.

paragraph: He is best known for his 1888 travel book "Travels in Arabia Deserta", a work in two volumes that, although it had little immediate influence upon its publication, slowly became a kind of touchstone of ambitious travel writing, one valued as much for its language as for its content. T. E. Lawrence rediscovered the book and caused it to be republished in the 1920s, contributing an admiring introduction of his own. Since then, the book has gone in and out of print.

paragraph: The book is a vast recounting of Doughty's treks through the Arabian deserts, and his discoveries there. It is written in an extravagant and mannered style, largely based on the King James Bible but constantly surprising with verbal turns and odd inventiveness.

paragraph: Among authors who have praised the book are the British novelist Henry Green, whose essay on Doughty, "Apologia," is reprinted in his collection "Surviving". Green's novels arguably show some direct stylistic influence of Doughty's book, as noted by John Updike in his introduction to the collection of Green's novels "Loving; Living; Party Going".

paragraph: Doughty's epic poem "The Dawn in Britain", originally published 1906 in six volumes, provides a preparatory basis and ideal for Laura (Riding) Jackson and Schuyler B. Jackson's project of establishing an access to what they argue is an inherent meaning of words in their "Rational Meaning: a New Foundation for the Definition of Words and Supplementary Essays".

paragraph: The Jacksons hail Doughty's work as being exemplary of this access to meaning through the linguistic understanding he demonstrates in his diction, in the care he takes with his choice of words, which prefers pre-Shakespearean English for reasons "fundamentally linguistic, rather than literary." Whole sections of the Jacksons' book examine Doughty's linguistic care and thinking.

paragraph: He was awarded the 1912 Royal Geographical Society's Founder's Gold Medal for his travels and writings.

paragraph: Doughty was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium on 25 January 1926 and his ashes placed in Bay 1 of the Cloisters (tablet 2610).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Documents Épigraphiques Recueillis dans le Nord de l’Arabie" (1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Travels in Arabia Deserta" (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dawn in Britain" (1906)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adam Cast Forth" (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cliffs" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Clouds" (1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Titans" (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mansoul or The Riddle of the World" (1920)

paragraph: Section::::References and further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cousin, John W. "A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature". 1910.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hogarth, D.G. "The Life Of Charles M. Doughty". 1928

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kirk, John Foster "A Supplement to Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American authors" 1891

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wanderings In Arabia" arranged & introduced by Edward Garnett. Duckworth & Co 1908.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passages From Arabia Deserta" selected by Edward Garnett. Jonathan Cape 1931.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nature" - International Weekly Journal of Science

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Penetration of Arabia: A Record of the Development of Western Knowledge Concerning the Arabian Peninsula" from 1904 features Charles Montagu Doughty

alias:
Charles M. Doughty
Charles Doughty

description: British poet

wikidata_label: Charles Montagu Doughty

wikipedia_title: Charles Montagu Doughty


text:
Jönköping
Stockholm
Swedish Academy
Jönköping
University of Lund
Utile Dulci
Vitterhetsakademien

categories: Swedish military officers,Swedish poets,19th-century Swedish writers,19th-century Swedish military personnel,18th-century Swedish writers,18th-century Swedish military personnel,1754 births,Members of the Swedish Academy,18th-century male writers,Swedish male writers,People from Jönköping,1822 deaths,19th-century male writers,Male poets

paragraph: Nils Lorens Sjöberg

paragraph: Nils Lorens Sjöberg (4 December 1754 in Jönköping – 13 March 1822 in Stockholm) was a Swedish officer and poet. He was the first holder of seat 18 at the Swedish Academy, from 1787 to 1822.

paragraph: Sjöberg was born in Jönköping to a working-class family. At fourteen years of age, he began his studies in Jönköping School. He continued his studies at the University of Lund. Sjöberg was set on becoming a priest, but later reconsidered. Instead, he entered the Foreign Expedition in 1782. While in Stockholm, he garnered attention as a poet and won the Society Utile Dulci, Vitterhetsakademien and Gothenburg Vitterhets awards.

paragraph: His poetical works include "Skaldekonsten", "Atheisten", "Jordbrukaren", and "Odödligheten".

paragraph: In 1787, he became the first seat holder of seat 18 at the Swedish Academy. He held the position until his death. In 1812, at the age of 58, he became the Academy's permanent secretary. Sjöberg died in Stockholm 13 March 1822. He died childless and unmarried.

description: Swedish poet

wikidata_label: Nils Lorens Sjöberg

wikipedia_title: Nils Lorens Sjöberg


text:
Lynchburg Hillcats
Cleveland Indians
Milwaukee Brewers
Texas Rangers
Major League Baseball
Josh Hamilton
Goldsboro, North Carolina
first baseman
minor league
New York Yankees
Chicago White Sox
Jerry Narron
bench coach
Sam Narron
St. Louis Cardinals
Pittsburgh Pirates
Johnston City
New York Yankees
New York Yankees
Appleton
Cincinnati Reds
Helena Brewers
Josh Hamilton
Milwaukee Brewers
Rangers.com coach page

categories: Major League Baseball hitting coaches,Appleton Foxes players,1951 births,East Carolina Pirates baseball players,Milwaukee Brewers coaches,Living people,Johnson City Yankees players

paragraph: Johnny Narron

paragraph: John A. Narron, Jr. (born 1951) is the for the Lynchburg Hillcats, the High-A affiliate of the Cleveland Indians. He is a former hitting coach of the Milwaukee Brewers and former assistant hitting coach of the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball. He is a confidant and friend of center fielder Josh Hamilton and temporarily acted as an "accountability partner" to help Hamilton in his recovery from drug addiction.

paragraph: The native of Goldsboro, North Carolina was a first baseman in the minor league systems of the New York Yankees and Chicago White Sox in 1974 and 1975.

paragraph: He is the brother of former Rangers and Reds manager Jerry Narron, who served as the bench coach for the Brewers from 2011-2015. His late uncle Sam Narron was a catcher for the St. Louis Cardinals and a longtime coach with the Pittsburgh Pirates.

paragraph: Section::::Minor League Experience.

paragraph: Narron played for Johnston City, a Rookie affiliate of the New York Yankees during the year of 1974. He held a career best .272 batting average for Johnston City with 54 RBIs and 15 HRs. He then went on to play for the low A affiliate of the New York Yankees, Appleton. Here he posted an .228 batting average with 57 RBIs and 6 HRs.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Narron spent 2007 with the Cincinnati Reds organization as the Reds' Major League Video/Administrative Coach. Narron spent four seasons as a coach in the farm system for the Brewers, including stints as hitting coach and manager at rookie-level Helena Brewers, in 2003, 2004 and 2006.

paragraph: Narron was Josh Hamilton's off-field coach for five seasons. He served as an accountability partner for Hamilton, helping him stay free from his addiction to drugs and alcohol. At age 60, Narron was hoping for a more promising job and that came true in 2012 when Narron was offered the job to become the next Milwaukee Brewers hitting coach. Hamilton was supportive of Narron in his decision to move on with his career, saying "Johnny is very talented and has helped me tremendously, both personally and professionally. He is fulfilling a dream to be a Major League batting coach, and I have told him previously I would never stand in his way from doing that. We will stay in touch, and I wish him great success with the Brewers." Narron was not retained by the Brewers after the 2014 season and was hired soon thereafter by the Angels organization.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rangers.com coach page

description: American baseball player and coach

wikidata_label: Johnny Narron

wikipedia_title: Johnny Narron


text:
Sweden
economy of scale
Svaneholm Castle
Gustaf Julius Coyet
Anglo-Saxon
Hector Og Maclean
Ström mansion
Hjärtum
Bohuslän
Rutger Macklier
David Maclean
Captain
Swedish Empire
Svaneholm Castle
Scania

categories: 18th-century Swedish people,Makeléer family,1816 deaths,Swedish nobility,Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,19th-century Swedish people,Swedish people of Dutch descent,1742 births,Swedish people of Scottish descent,Clan Maclean

paragraph: Rutger Macklean

paragraph: Rutger Macklean (28 July 1742 – 14 January 1816) also Rutger Macklier II, was a driving figure in the reorganisation of agricultural lands in Sweden that made possible large-scale farming with its economy of scale.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The family name was originally spelled "Mackleir". In 1783, one year after Rutger Mackleir inherited Svaneholm Castle in Skåne from his uncle Gustaf Julius Coyet (1717-1782), the name was changed to "Mackeleir" and so remained until Mackeleir and his brother were ennobled, when it became "Macklier" again. During the Anglo-Saxon pre-romantic era it was changed again, to "Macklean". Sources conflict as to whether the Mackleirs were descended from Hector Og Maclean of Scotland or were from Holland.

paragraph: Macklean was born on 28 July 1742 at Ström mansion, Hjärtum parish, Bohuslän to Baron Rutger Macklier (1688–1748) and Vilhelmina Eleonora Coyet. He had a brother, Baron David Maclean. At the age of 40, in 1782, Rutger was an army Captain in the forces of the Swedish Empire. In that year he inherited Svaneholm Castle and its estate of 8500 acres from his mother’s family. In accordance with feudal procedures of tenant land-right inheritance the manor had been divided, in the course of its existence, into hundreds of narrow strip allotments. Some 40 tenant farmers live in four villages on the manor. Each tenant had the right to farm 60 to 70 strips of land, but only two thirds of a tenant's strips were usually close enough to his village that he had time to farm them; his farther strips went unused.

paragraph: Macklean had his land surveyed and divided into 75 farms. A new cottage and barn were built on each farm and roads were built to connect each farm. A tenant farmer moved into the new farmhouse and they found they could raise more crops on half as much land. Macklean's land redistribution procedures were introduced into law in Scania in 1802, and land reform legislation for all of Sweden followed. In 1811 a mob threatened his life, and he died in 1816.

alias:
Rutger Macklean, 4th Friherre
Rutger Macklier II
Rutger Makeléer II
Rutger Makeleer II
Rutger Maclean

description: Swedish noble and agricultural reformer

wikidata_label: Rutger Macklean, 4th Friherre

wikipedia_title: Rutger Macklean


text: heavy metal

text: Spirits of Fire

text: Judas Priest

text: Iced Earth

text: The Ripper

text: Akron, Ohio

text: Kenmore High School

text: Akron, Ohio

text: Judas Priest

text: Winter's Bane

text: Heart of a Killer

text: Judas Priest

text: tribute band

text: Judas Priest album

text: K. K. Downing

text: Behind the Music

text: metal

text: Judas Priest

text: Rob Halford

text: Demolition

text: Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance

text: Jugulator

text: Metallica

text: Better than You

text: Rock Star

text: Matt Barlow

text: Iced Earth

text: The Glorious Burden

text: Anthrax

text: Dennis Hayes

text: Beyond Fear

text: Jon Schaffer

text: Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force

text: Doogie White

text: Charred Walls of the Damned

text: Richard Christy

text: The Howard Stern Show

text: Death

text: Steve DiGiorgio

text: Jason Suecof

text: Metal Blade Records

text: HAIL!

text: Andreas Kisser

text: Paul Bostaph

text: David Ellefson

text: Mike Portnoy

text: Jimmy DeGrasso

text: Roy Mayorga

text: Deftones

text: Chi Cheng

text: the Letter Black

text: Phil Demmel

text: Machine Head

text: Andreas Kisser

text: Paul Bostaph

text: James LoMenzo

text: Paul Gray

text: Dio

text: Akron

text: Bar Rescue

text: Tourniquet

text: Heavy Artillery k7

text: Brutal Mentality K7 Demo

text: Winter's Bane

text: Heart of a Killer

text: Judas Priest

text: Jugulator

text: Demolition

text: '98 Live Meltdown

text: Live in London

text: Iced Earth

text: The Glorious Burden

text: Framing Armageddon (Something Wicked Part 1)

text: Beyond Fear

text: Beyond Fear

text: Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force

text: Perpetual Flame

text: High Impact

text: Beat It

text: Michael Jackson

text: Relentless

text: Solo

text: Play My Game

text: Charred Walls of the Damned

text: Three Tremors

text: Spirits of Fire

text: A New Revenge

text: Kickstart my Heart

text: Mötley Crüe

text: Aerosmith

text: Michael Schenker

text: Heavy Hitters

text: War Pigs

text: Black Sabbath

text: Numbers from the Beast

text: Iron Maiden

text: Bat Head Soup

text: Ozzy

text: Butchering The Beatles

text: Judas Priest

text: Sin-Atra

text: Soulbender

text: Roadrunner United

text: The Concert

text: Mercyful Fate

text: King Diamond

text: Annihilator

text: Santa Claus Is Back in Town

text: Elvis Presley

text: Keep Yourself Alive

text: Queen

text: Avantasia

text: The Wicked Symphony

text: Ralf Scheepers

text: Scheepers

text: Carthagods

text: Trick or Treat

text: Metal Allegiance

text: Jano Baghoumian

text: Tourniquet

text: Tim "Ripper" Owens biography

text: Country Music Television

text: Tim "Ripper" Owens interviewed

text: Highwire Daze

text: Tim "Ripper" Owens on MySpace

text: Tim "Ripper" Owens' restaurant web site

categories: Judas Priest members,Charred Walls of the Damned members,American heavy metal singers,American male singers,1967 births,Musicians from Akron, Ohio,Singers from Ohio,Soulbender members,Living people,Iced Earth members

paragraph: Tim "Ripper" Owens

paragraph: Timothy S. "Ripper" Owens (born September 13, 1967) is an American heavy metal singer who currently performs with Spirits of Fire, the Three Tremors and A New Revenge. He first gained attention as the lead singer of Judas Priest, and then Iced Earth. He took the nickname "Ripper" from the Judas Priest song "The Ripper" during his time in the tribute band "British Steel".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Owens was born on September 13, 1967, in Akron, Ohio. He graduated from Kenmore High School in 1985.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Brainicide and Winter's Bane/British Steel.

paragraph: Owens began his musical career as the singer for Brainicide, a thrash metal band based in his home town of Akron, Ohio that had also been known as Dammage, Inc. He recorded 3 demo tapes with them before the band split in 1989. Prior to joining Judas Priest in 1996, Owens fronted a band called Winter's Bane, with whom he recorded an album called "Heart of a Killer" in 1993. He was most prominent in his role as the frontman of Judas Priest tribute band British Steel, named after the Judas Priest album, although the bands Winter's Bane and British Steel were actually one and the same. The band would often open their shows as Winter's Bane in order to introduce the audience to their original material. After finishing their original set, they would then take a break, which included a wardrobe change to emulate the subject of their tribute, Judas Priest. Winter's Bane sound engineer Ken Reffner would come out from behind the soundboard, adding a fifth member to the stage. Reffner can be seen playing the part of K. K. Downing with British Steel in the Judas Priest episode of VH1's "Behind the Music".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Judas Priest.

paragraph: Owens made headlines in 1996 when he went from being a fan of the metal act Judas Priest to being their lead singer, replacing Rob Halford. Despite numerous rumors that Halford would reunite with Priest, Owens recorded two studio albums with his childhood heroes, as well as two live albums and a 2002 DVD release. Owens also helped write one Judas Priest song, "What's My Name?", which was a bonus track on "Demolition". With Judas Priest, he was nominated once for the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 1999, with the song "Bullet Train" from the album "Jugulator", but lost to Metallica's "Better than You".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Judas Priest.:"Rock Star".

paragraph: The movie "Rock Star" (2001), about a tribute band singer who is asked to join the band he has tried to imitate, was loosely based on Owens' career. Judas Priest disavowed the movie after they were denied creative control in the screenplay and script. For example, in "Rock Star" the band throws out their original singer while on tour and replaces him a few days later; while in real life, Rob Halford was not thrown out, but left Judas Priest, four years before he was replaced. Owens said of the movie, "They fabricated things and decided to pull away from my story and make their own because I guess mine was too normal. There's no telling what they put in there. If I could sue, I would."

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Iced Earth and Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force.

paragraph: Judas Priest reunited with Rob Halford in 2003. Owens seized opportunity when, that same year, vocalist Matt Barlow quit Iced Earth. Iced Earth's first album with Owens, "The Glorious Burden", came out in early 2004. While singing with Judas Priest, Owens had toured with Iced Earth (and Anthrax) in 2001, but the tour was cut short. In 2006, Owens also reunited with his former Winter's Bane colleague Dennis Hayes in a band called Beyond Fear. The self-titled debut album from his new band was released in May of that year. Hayes would join Iced Earth as well in 2007 after bassist James "Bo" Wallace left due to family health issues.

paragraph: Owens' stay in Iced Earth was short, however, as on December 11, 2007, guitarist Jon Schaffer announced that Owens would be leaving the band; Matt Barlow had been invited to return to the line-up after heavy feedback from fans.

paragraph: On February 26, 2008, it was announced that Owens would be the new lead singer for Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force, replacing Doogie White. Owens quit Malmsteen's band in 2012, saying there were conflicts in show dates between his solo band and Yngwie's touring, but that he would be open to the possibility of working with him again.

paragraph: In May 2009, Owens released his first solo album, "Play My Game". The album featured many prominent metal musicians.

paragraph: A European tour followed in 2010, accompanied by musicians Anders Buaas (guitar), Jon Vegard Naess (guitar), Are Gogstad (bass) and Henrik "Rick" Hagan (drums).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Charred Walls of the Damned, HAIL! and Dio Disciples.

paragraph: Owens now fronts a new project called Charred Walls of the Damned, a band founded in 2009 by Richard Christy, radio personality on The Howard Stern Show and former drummer for Iced Earth and Death. The origin of the band's name was explained on May 20, 2009. It derives from a series of radio prank calls Christy made to a Christian radio station. In response to the pranks they received, the host described how he prays for them, thus "saving their soul to be saved by God's grace...not in the devil's hell where you'd be putting your nails in the charred walls of the damned". The band features Christy on drums, and Owens on vocals along with Steve DiGiorgio (bass guitar) and Jason Suecof (lead guitar). The band's debut self-titled album was released on February 2, 2010 on Metal Blade Records. Owens is also a member of a cover band called HAIL!. HAIL!'s rotating cast of members include Owens, Andreas Kisser, Paul Bostaph, David Ellefson, Mike Portnoy, Jimmy DeGrasso and Roy Mayorga. Owens, DeGrasso, Ellefson and Kisser formed the band in late 2008. The band toured Europe in 2009, June 2010, and also came together to perform at a benefit for Deftones bassist Chi Cheng in 2010. That line-up consisted of Owens, Portnoy, Mark Anthony of the Letter Black, Phil Demmel of Machine Head and Ellefson. HAIL! is on their second European tour with the following line-up: Andreas Kisser, Owens, Paul Bostaph and James LoMenzo. Due to the death of previously announced bassist Paul Gray, LoMenzo agreed on one day's notice to fly to Portugal for the Rock In Rio Festival where HAIL! was scheduled to perform on May 30, 2010. In early 2011, Owens also joined Dio Disciples, which features former Dio members.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Other projects.

paragraph: Other music projects include: Project Rock w/ Keri Kelli, Rudy Sarzo, James Kottak, and Teddy Zig Zag.

paragraph: Owens owned "Ripper's Rock House", a sports eatery, restaurant and entertainment venue, in Akron. In August 2015, "Bar Rescue" filmed and transformed the bar into "Tim Owens' Traveler's Tavern" The venue closed permanently in September 2016.

paragraph: He was also the owner of "Ripper Owens Tap House", the predecessor to "Ripper's Rock House", in Akron's Firestone Park neighborhood

paragraph: In 2015, Ripper recorded music for the fictional band "Witches' Lips" for the heavy metal horror film "Hairmetal Shotgun Zombie Massacre: The Movie." He recorded and wrote the lyrics with guitarist Marzi Montazeri of Philip H. Anselmo and The Illegals.

paragraph: Ted Kirkpatrick, drummer and songwriter for the Christian metal band Tourniquet, announced on July 25, 2018 that Tim would be doing lead vocals for all the songs (except the title track Gazing at Medusa) on their next album (estimated for September 2018 release). The album, "Gazing at Medusa", was released on October 16, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Brainicide.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Compilation) "Heavy Artillery k7" (1990) (Song: "Payment in Blood")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brutal Mentality K7 Demo" (1990)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Winter's Bane.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heart of a Killer" (1993)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Judas Priest.

paragraph: Studio Albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jugulator" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Demolition" (2001)

paragraph: Live Albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "'98 Live Meltdown" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live in London" (2003)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Iced Earth.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Glorious Burden" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Framing Armageddon (Something Wicked Part 1)" (2007)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Beyond Fear.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyond Fear" (2006)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perpetual Flame" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "High Impact (2009, song: "Beat It" by Michael Jackson)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Relentless" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Play My Game" (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Charred Walls of the Damned.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charred Walls of the Damned" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cold Winds on Timeless Days" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Creatures Watching Over the Dead (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Three Tremors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Three Tremors" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Spirits of Fire.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spirits of Fire" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With A New Revenge.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enemies & Lovers" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Tribute albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kickstart my Heart: A Tribute To Mötley Crüe (Song: "Louder than Hell", Backing vocals only)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Way Street: A Tribute To Aerosmith (Song: "Round and round")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Schenker - "Heavy Hitters - vocals on "War Pigs" by Black Sabbath

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Numbers from the Beast: An All Star Salute To Iron Maiden (Song: "Flight of Icarus")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bat Head Soup: A Tribute To Ozzy (Song: "Mr. Crowley")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Butchering The Beatles: A Headbashing Tribute (Song: "Hey Jude")

paragraph: BULLET::::- ": A Tribute To Judas Priest (Song: "Exciter")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sin-Atra (Song: "Witchcraft")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ronnie James Dio - This Is Your Life (Japanese Edition) (Song: "Stand up and Shout (live)")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Immortal Randy Rhoads - The Ultimate Tribute Album(2015) (8 of 11 songs)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Doom In Us All - A Tribute To Black Sabbath (Song: "Children Of The Grave")

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spawn - Round 2 (production, 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soulbender - Demo (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ellefson, Bittner, Grigsby & Owens - Leave It Alone (Memorial Track for Dimebag Darrell, iTunes release) (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roadrunner United - The Concert (DVD, live, 2008) - vocals on "Curse of the Pharaohs" by Mercyful Fate, "Abigail" by King Diamond and "Allison Hell" by Annihilator.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Wish You a Metal Xmas and a Headbanging New Year - vocals on "Santa Claus Is Back in Town" by Elvis Presley

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neil Zaza (Free Download) (Song: "Keep Yourself Alive", Queen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Avantasia - The Wicked Symphony (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Claymore - Damnation Reigns (2010) - Vocals on "Behind Enemy Lines"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Memorain - Evolution (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralf Scheepers - Scheepers (2011) - Vocals on "Remission of Sin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Desdemon - Through the Gates (2011) - Vocals on "The Burning Martyr"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Infinita Symphonia - A Mind's Chronicle (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wolfpakk - Wolfpakk (2011) - Vocals on "Wolfony"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Absolute Power - Absolute Power (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- SoulSpell - Hollow's Gathering (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- T&N - Slave to the Empire (2012) - Vocals on "Kiss of Death"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maegi - Skies Fall (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marius Danielsen - The Legend of Valley Doom Part 1 (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- SoulSpell - We Got The Right (Helloween 30 Years Tribute) (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carthagods - Carthagods (2015) - Vocals on "My Favourite Disguise"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Operation: Mindcrime - Resurrection (2015) - Vocals on "Taking on the World"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trick or Treat - "Rabbits' Hill Pt. 2" - vocals on "They Must Die"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Europica - Part One (2017) - Vocals on "The Patriot" and "Unsounded Crosses"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metal Allegiance - Metal Allegiance (2016) - Co - lead Vocals on "We Rock"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trigger Pig - Sands of Time (Single, 2017) - Lead vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jano Baghoumian - “The End of Prance" (Symphonic Poem Album, 2018) - Lead vocals

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tourniquet - "Gazing at Medusa" (Album, 2018) - Lead vocals on all but title track

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tim "Ripper" Owens biography at Country Music Television

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 & 2006 radio interviews with Tim "Ripper" Owens"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tim "Ripper" Owens interviewed by "Highwire Daze" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tim "Ripper" Owens on MySpace

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tim "Ripper" Owens' restaurant web site

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Metal-Head Becomes A Metal-God. Heavy" New York Times article on Owens

alias:
Tim Owens
Ripper Owens

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Tim "Ripper" Owens

wikipedia_title: Tim "Ripper" Owens


text: Gallic Empire

text: Postumus

text: blacksmith

text: Mamurius Veturius

text: Numa

text: Roman army

text: Mainz

text: Augusta Treverorum (Trier)

text: praetorian prefect

text: Victorinus

text: sword

text: coins

text: Thirty Tyrants

text: Historia Augusta

text: Marcus Aurelius

text: Gaius Marius

text: Aurelius Victor

text: "Epitome de Caesaribus"

text: "Liber de Caesaribus"

text: Eutropius

text: "Brevarium", Book 9

text: Historia Augusta

text: Tyranni_XXX*.html "The Thirty Tyrants"

categories: Gallic emperors,Thirty Tyrants (Roman),3rd-century murdered monarchs,Deaths by blade weapons,Year of birth unknown,Blacksmiths,Ancient artisans,269 deaths,Aurelii,Marii,3rd-century monarchs in Europe

paragraph: Marcus Aurelius Marius

paragraph: Marcus Aurelius Marius was emperor of the Gallic Empire in 269 following the assassination of Postumus.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: According to later tradition, he was a blacksmith by trade, earning the nickname "Mamurius Veturius", a legendary metalworker in the time of Numa. He rose through the ranks of the Roman army to become an officer. He was present with the army that revolted at Moguntiacum (Mainz) after the emperor Postumus refused to allow it to sack the city. They murdered the emperor and in the confusion that followed, the army elected Marius to succeed Postumus.

paragraph: His first decision was in all likelihood to allow his troops to sack the city of Moguntiacum. Seeking to solidify his power base, he then moved to Augusta Treverorum (Trier). His reign lasted no more than two or three months before Postumus’ praetorian prefect Victorinus had Marius killed in the middle of 269, most likely at Augusta Treverorum.

paragraph: According to the ancient written sources, Marius’ reign lasted for two or three days only, before being killed by a sword of his own manufacture. This tradition is probably partially or entirely incorrect. Based upon the number of coins he issued, a more accurate length for his reign would be at least two or three months.

paragraph: Marius is listed among the Thirty Tyrants in the Historia Augusta. It is said that he was chosen because his names were evocative of two great Romans of the Past, Marcus Aurelius and Gaius Marius.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aurelius Victor, "Epitome de Caesaribus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aurelius Victor, "Liber de Caesaribus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eutropius, "Brevarium", Book 9

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia Augusta, Tyranni_XXX*.html "The Thirty Tyrants"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southern, Pat. "The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine", Routledge, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Potter, David Stone, "The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395", Routledge, 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jones, A.H.M., Martindale, J.R. "The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD260-395", Cambridge University Press, 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polfer, Michel, "Postumus (A.D. 269)", "De Imperatoribus Romanis" (1999)

description: Gallic emperor

wikidata_label: Marcus Aurelius Marius

wikipedia_title: Marcus Aurelius Marius


text:
usurper
Postumus
Gallic Empire
nomen
Ulpii
Trajan
Claudius II
Moguntiacum
legatus
Germania Superior
Legio XXII "Primigenia"
VIII "Augusta"
Argentoratum
Thirty Tyrants
Historia Augusta
Ulpia (gens)
Aurelius Victor
"Liber de Caesaribus"
Eutropius
"Brevarium", Book 9
Historia Augusta
"The Thirty Tyrants"
Laelianus (A.D. 269)

categories: Gallic emperors,Thirty Tyrants (Roman),3rd-century murdered monarchs,Ulpii,Cornelii,Year of birth unknown,269 deaths,3rd-century monarchs in Europe

paragraph: Laelianus

paragraph: Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus (also incorrectly referred to as "Lollianus" and "Aelianus") was a usurper against Postumus, the emperor of the Gallic Empire. His revolt lasted from approximately late February to early June 269.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Little is known about Laelianus. He shares the same "nomen" as a prominent Hispano-Roman family, the Ulpii, that included Trajan among its members, and may have been a relative. This is supported by the strong allusion to Hispania on an he struck, which featured the design of Hispania reclining with a rabbit to her side. If he indeed was a relative, this may be the reason Hispania allied itself with Claudius II, after the death of Laelianus, seemingly without a struggle.

paragraph: Section::::Rule.

paragraph: Laelianus declared himself emperor at Moguntiacum in February/March 269. after repulsing a Germanic invasion. Although his exact position is unknown, he is believed to have been a senior officer under Postumus, either the "legatus" of Germania Superior or the commander of Legio XXII "Primigenia". Laelianus represented a strong danger to Postumus because of the two legions he commanded ("Primigenia" in Moguntiacum and VIII "Augusta" in Argentoratum); Despite this, his rebellion lasted only about two months before he was executed, reputedly by his own soldiers, or by Postumus' troops after a siege of Laelianus' capital. The siege of Moguntiacum was also fatal for Postumus; it is said he was slain when he refused to allow his troops to plunder the city following its capture.

paragraph: Laelianus (under the name "Lollianus") is listed among the Thirty Tyrants in the Historia Augusta.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ulpia (gens)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historia Augusta, "The Thirty Tyrants"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Polfer, "Laelianus (A.D. 269)", "De Imperatoribus Romanis"] (1999)

description: Gallic emperor

wikidata_label: Laelianus

wikipedia_title: Laelianus


text:
hip-hop
Baltimore
Maryland
YouTube
York, Pennsylvania
Central York High School
rap
video game programmer
church choir
saxophone
piano
middle school
music production
Killa Q
Mr. Cheeks
Method Man
Cassidy
Tim Trees
K-Swift
Freddie Gray
Baltimore Police Department
Rod Lee
Lyor Cohen
Kevin Liles
300 Entertainment
Rich The Kid
T-Wayne
Georgia
Waffle House
Pitchfork
NPR

categories: Living people,1992 births,American hip hop singers,Rappers from Baltimore

paragraph: Tate Kobang

paragraph: Joshua Goods, (born April 28, 1992) known professionally as Tate Kobang, is an American hip-hop recording artist from Baltimore, Maryland. Although active in the Baltimore hip-hop scene since 2011, he rose to prominence with “Bank Rolls (Remix),” a 90-second promotional single for his April 2015 release “Live Hazey,” released on YouTube on April 19, 2015, in remembrance of his mother.

paragraph: Section::::Early and personal life.

paragraph: Tate Kobang grew up in Northeast Baltimore, Maryland before moving to York, Pennsylvania as a teenager, where he attended Central York High School before dropping out to pursue rap. In 2013, his mother and father passed away suddenly within months of each other, making him responsible for his 8 younger siblings at age 21, prompting him to continue music at a more serious level to provide for his family. Kobang also has five children of his own and still spends his time between Baltimore and York, as well as holding shoe drives and other charitable events for the two cities. His professional name comes from “Dancing Tater,” a nickname given to him because he liked to dance, while Kobang is an acronym for “King Of Baltimore And N*ggas’ Girls.”

paragraph: Section::::Influences.

paragraph: Although he originally wanted to be a video game programmer, Kobang’s interest in music stemmed at an early age--he sang in his church choir at age 5, and began writing music around age 11. He also learned to read music and play the saxophone and piano in middle school, and took music production classes in high school. Kobang’s uncle, Baltimore rapper Killa Q, introduced him to rap, and even had Kobang write for him. Kobang also credits artists Mr. Cheeks, Method Man, and Cassidy as influences.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Success of Bank Rolls (Remix).

paragraph: In honor of his late mother’s birthday, a tribute that’s been done since 2013, Kobang released Bank Rolls (Remix) on April 19, 2015 as a promotional hit for his newest mixtape. Bank Rolls (Remix) was a featured song in Watch Dogs 2. The song uses Baltimore rapper Tim Trees’ 2000 song “Bank Roll” and features a verse that remembers Baltimore DJ K-Swift, who died in 2008. That day is also the day of Freddie Gray's death after being in a coma from injury complications allegedly caused by the Baltimore Police Department. With heavy media attention and national focus on Baltimore at this time, Kobang released the song to bring a sense of happiness and pride to the city. Following the viral success of the 90-second video, Kobang went into the studio with the producer of the original track, Rod Lee, to extend the track into a full song.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Signing with 300 Entertainment.

paragraph: Shortly after its release, “Bank Rolls (Remix)” gained the attention of veteran industry leader Lyor Cohen’s and Baltimore native Kevin Liles’ 300 Entertainment. At first, Kobang was hesitant but considered the offer after researching the industry leading names behind the label. In July 2015, Kobang traveled to New York City to sign a record deal with 300 Entertainment. In January 2016, he appeared on the label's 13-city Young Hustle Tour which featured acts such as Rich The Kid, T-Wayne, TK N Cash, and Rejjie Snow.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Since We’re Here.

paragraph: Kobang released the Since We’re Here mixtape in April 2016, which consisted of freestyle and remixed songs. A video for “Poppin”, a single from the mixtape, was released on April 26, 2016. The video was filmed spontaneously at a Georgia Waffle House. On May 20, 2016, Kobang released a video for “Don’t Need”, which features artist Freeband TEST.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Silent Waves.

paragraph: Silent Waves, presented by DTLR and Under Armour. Kobang offers up 11 tracks on the mixtape which is hosted by DJ Flow with just one feature from fellow Baltimore artist Young Moose. Also hometown Producers such as GeniroBeatz, D Dae, YG! Beats and much more.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Tate Ko.

paragraph: On November 27, 2017, Kobang released his highly anticipated mixtape Tate Ko. The 15-track project was led by his hit single "North North" and included features from Swizz Beatz, Chaz French, Deetranada, Young Money Yawn and West Side Goldie. Production came from Swizz, YG! Beats, Millz Douglas, Reazy Renegade, Honorable C.N.O.T.E. and Kobang himself.

paragraph: On April 28, 2018 Kobang Released Mixtape which showcased his Production team he formed to create his bouncy Sound Featuring YG!Beats, Millz Douglas and Genirobeatz. The mixtape features 7 tracks of all club bangers and features 1 Feat from Band Boy Skooda. This mixtape also is a celebration of him and his producer birthday YG!beats which is the meaning behind 28.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bank Rolls Remix - July 2015 (Single)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oh My - February 2016 (Single)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Since We're Here - April 2016 (Mixtape)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yeah Prod By GeniroBeatz - March 2017 (Single)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silent Waves - March 2017 (Mixtape)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tate Ko - November 2017 (Mixtape)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 28 - April 2018 (EP)

paragraph: Section::::Notable mentions.

paragraph: Kobang's “Bank Rolls (Remix)” appears at #87 on Pitchfork’s list of the 100 Best Tracks of 2015, as well as on NPR Music's Favorite Songs of 2015 in the hip hop genre. Also featured in Watch Dogs 2 a game produced by Ubisoft. The song also made it to PigeonsandPlanes.com's Best Songs of 2015 at #66, as well as TheStashed.com's list of 25 Artists to Watch in 2016 at #22.

description: rapper from Baltimore, Maryland

wikidata_label: Tate Kobang

wikipedia_title: Tate Kobang


href: Flanders engineer Bruges proportional%20compass ballistics artillery

text:
Flemish
engineer
Bruges
proportional compass
ballistics
artillery

categories: 17th-century engineers,Flemish engineers,17th-century deaths

paragraph: Charles de Eendero

paragraph: Charles de Eendero or d'Eendero or Carolus van Eendero (17th century) was a Flemish engineer.

paragraph: A nobleman from Bruges, d'Eendero wrote the "Traité nouveau de l'usage du compas de proportion, et pratique de la bombarderie moderne", an illustrated essay published in 1695 in his hometown; the first part concerns the use of the proportional compass, the second is a treaty on ballistics, a research on the shooting force of cannon used up to the 19th century by French artillery.

description: Flemish engineer (17th century)

wikidata_label: Charles de Eendero

wikipedia_title: Charles de Eendero


text:
count of Berga
Ripoll
Santa Maria de Ripoll
Sant Miquel de Cuixà
Vic
Catalonia
Iberian Peninsula
Spanish March
Oliba Cabreta
Ermengard of Empúries
Wilfred the Hairy
Bernard
Wilfred
Benedictine
Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll
Peace and Truce of God
Toulouges
Roussillon
North Catalonia
Sancho III of Navarre
Alfonso V of León
kings of Spain
Vermudo III
imperatores
king of Navarre
rex
Santa María de Montserrat
Sant Miquel de Fluvià
Sant Martí del Canigó
Collegiate Basilica of Manresa
Corts
Count Berenguer Ramon I of Barcelona
the Countess Ermesinde
University of Barcelona
Generalitat de Catalunya
Abat Oliba CEU University
Catalonia
Menéndez Pidal, Ramón
Fundació Abat Oliba
Abat Oliba CEU University
Wikisource

categories: Catalan abbots,11th-century bishops,1046 deaths,Catalan bishops,Catalan people,971 births

paragraph: Abbot Oliba

paragraph: Oliba (; 971–1046) was the count of Berga and Ripoll (998–1002), and later abbot of the monasteries of Santa Maria de Ripoll and Sant Miquel de Cuixà (1008–1046) and the bishop of Vic (1018–1046). He is considered one of the spiritual founders of Catalonia and perhaps the most important prelate of his age in the Iberian Peninsula. Oliba was a great writer and from his "scriptorium" at Ripoll flowed a ceaseless stream of works enlightening us about his world. Most importantly, however, are the Arabic manuscripts he translated into Latin for the benefit of all Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Oliba was born circa 971 to an affluent family in the Spanish March. His father was Oliba Cabreta, the count of Besalú, Cerdanya, Berga, and Ripoll, and his mother was Ermengard of Empúries. His father's lineage made him the great-grandson of Wilfred the Hairy. Oliba had three brothers and a sister, and when his father chose to retire to a monastery in 988, his lands were divided among his three oldest sons; Bernard received Besalú, Wilfred received Cerdanya, and Oliba received Berga and Ripoll. In 1002, Oliba himself abdicated his secular possessions to his brothers - Wilfred receiving Berga and Bernard getting Ripoll - to take up the Benedictine habit at the Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll.

paragraph: Section::::Church life.

paragraph: Six years after joining the order, Oliba was named abbott at Santa Maria de Ripoll, and also at Sant Miquel de Cuixà shortly thereafter.

paragraph: Oliba promoted the movement of the Peace and Truce of God beginning about 1022. In 1027 a council of bishops and noblemen took place in Toulouges, a town in Roussillon (North Catalonia), and it was agreed to establish days during which there would be no violence between Christians - initially Sundays and Holy Days - and that fugitives could take refuge in churches and holy places, sure of being protected. This was in addition to the already established principle of the movement: to protect peasants, the clergy, and other defenseless individuals by threat of excommunication.

paragraph: So influential was Oliba that, in 1023, King Sancho III of Navarre consulted him on the propriety of marrying his sister Urraca to her second cousin, Alfonso V of León. The bishop objected, but Sancho ignored him. Oliba's letters to the various contemporaneous kings of Spain indicate to us that Alfonso and his successor, Vermudo III were regarded as "imperatores", while the king of Navarre was a mere "rex", though eventually "rex Ibericus".

paragraph: Oliba founded the monastery of Santa María de Montserrat (1025), reformed others such as Sant Miquel de Fluvià and Sant Martí del Canigó, and consecrated or patronized numerous other churches, such as the Collegiate Basilica of Manresa. He also created the Assemblies of Peace and Truce, the seeds of the future Catalan "Corts," to aid the nobles in the administration of the realm. He improved the decoration of his own church at Ripoll and rededicated it on 15 January 1032. He was a close advisor to Count Berenguer Ramon I of Barcelona and reconstructed the cathedral of Vic with the support of Berenguer Ramon's mother, the Countess Ermesinde. The new cathedral was rededicated to Saints Peter and Paul on 31 August 1038. Oliba died at his monastery at Cuixà in 1046.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In 1973, the Abat Oliba College was established as a private branch of the University of Barcelona. In 2003, the Catalan government (Generalitat de Catalunya) approved the conversion of Abat Oliba College to the Abat Oliba CEU University. The founders named the institution after Abbot Oliba because they "aimed to embrace the spirit of Oliba who one thousand years ago established the foundations of the nascent Catalonia on the basis of Roman and Christian culture". (English translation)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Menéndez Pidal, Ramón. "The Cid and his Spain". 1929.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fundació Abat Oliba

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abat Oliba CEU University

paragraph: BULLET::::- at Wikisource

description: Catalan abbot, bishop and count

wikidata_label: Abbot Oliba

wikipedia_title: Abbot Oliba


text: Augusta

text: Roman Empire

text: Emperor

text: Decius

text: Herennius Etruscus

text: Hostilian

text: Etruria

text: Battle of Abrittus

text: billon

text: tetradrachm

text: Alexandria

text: cypress tree

text: Juno

text: Coins of Herennia Etruscilla

categories: 3rd-century Romans,Augustae,3rd-century Roman women,3rd-century women rulers,Roman empresses,Annii,Crisis of the Third Century

paragraph: Herennia Etruscilla

paragraph: Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla was an Augusta and later regent of the Roman Empire, married to Emperor Decius, and mother of Emperors Herennius Etruscus and Hostilian. She served as regent of the Roman Empire during the reign of her son Hostilian in 251.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: As with most third-century Roman empresses, very little is known about her. She was probably from a senatorial family. It is assumed that her ancestors settled in Etrurian lands. Herennia married Decius probably before 230 and gained the title Augusta when Decius became emperor 249. When Decius and Herennius were defeated and killed in the Battle of Abrittus in 251, she became regent during the minority of her thirteen-year-old son Hostilian. Hostilian died of the plague later that year, thus ending her mandate as regent. She sank into obscurity after her sons perished.

paragraph: While information about her is scarce, coins with her portrait are numerous and easy to obtain. Legends on coins struck at Rome only ever give her name as 'Herennia Etruscilla' but billon tetradrachms struck at Alexandria supply the Cupressenia element in abbreviation: ΕΡ ΚΟΥΠ ΑΙΤΡΟΥCΚΙΛΑ (ER KOUP AITROUSKILLA, transliterated from the Greek), showing that her full name was Herennia Cup(ressenia) Etruscilla. The Cupressenia element is expanded from the 'ΚΟΥΠ' in the Alexandria coin legends, from the Latin "cupresseus" "cypress tree" and symbol of Juno.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statue of Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Herennia Etruscilla

description: politician

wikidata_label: Herennia Etruscilla

wikipedia_title: Herennia Etruscilla


text: German

text: Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp

text: Christine of Hesse

text: Philip I of Hesse

text: Enno III

text: East Frisia

text: Anna Maria, Countess of Ostfriesland

text: Rudolf Christian, Count of Ostfriesland

text: Ulrich II, Count of Ostfriesland

categories: House of Holstein-Gottorp,1610 deaths,1575 births,Countesses of East Frisia,House of Cirksena

paragraph: Anna of Holstein-Gottorp

paragraph: Anna of Holstein-Gottorp (27 February 1575 – 24 April 1610) was a German noblewoman, daughter of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and Landgravine Christine of Hesse (daughter of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse).

paragraph: On 28 January 1598, she married Count Enno III of East Frisia. They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Anna Maria, Countess of Ostfriesland (1601–1633), married Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1588–1658)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Rudolf Christian, Count of Ostfriesland (1602–1628)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Ulrich II, Count of Ostfriesland (1605–1648)

description: Wife of Enno III of Ostfriesland

wikidata_label: Anna of Holstein-Gottorp

wikipedia_title: Anna of Holstein-Gottorp


text: Polish

text: painter

text: assemblage

text: Happenings

text: theatre director

text: Krzysztof Penderecki

text: Wielopole Skrzyńskie

text: Galicia

text: Poland

text: Cracow Academy

text: Nazi occupation of Poland

text: Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków

text: Kraków

text: avant-garde

text: Saint Joan

text: Measure for Measure

text: mannequins

text: Cricot 2

text: absurdist

text: Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz

text: Edinburgh festival

text: Andrzej Wajda

text: United States

text: Ellen Stewart

text: La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club

text: Nuyorican

text: Giannina Braschi

text: Jewish culture

text: Catholic

text: Jewish theatre

text: The Dead Class

text: Culture of Kraków

text: Wilson, Edwin

text: Goldfarb, Alvin

text: Tadeusz Kantor

text: Cricoteka

text: Tadeusz Kantor Foundation

text: Kantor's gallery at malarze.com

text: Images from “THE WATER HEN”

text: In Search of Kantor

text: Cricot 2's website

text: TADEUSZ KANTOR YEAR 2015

categories: People from Ropczyce-Sędziszów County,1915 births,Theatre practitioners,Burials at Rakowicki Cemetery,Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,Polish theatre directors,1990 deaths,Modernist theatre,20th-century Polish painters,Assemblage artists

paragraph: Tadeusz Kantor

paragraph: Tadeusz Kantor (6 April 1915 – 8 December 1990) was a Polish painter, assemblage and Happenings artist, set designer and theatre director. Kantor is renowned for his revolutionary theatrical performances in Poland and abroad.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Kantor was born to Marian Kantor-Mirski and Helena Berger. His family were staunch Catholics. His mother was related to composer and conductor Krzysztof Penderecki, through her German father. Born in Wielopole Skrzyńskie, Galicia (then in Austria-Hungary, now in Poland), Kantor graduated from the Cracow Academy in 1939. During the Nazi occupation of Poland, he founded the Independent Theatre, and served as a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków as well as a director of experimental theatre in Kraków from 1942 to 1944. After the war, he became known for his avant-garde work in stage design including designs for "Saint Joan" (1956) and "Measure for Measure" (1956). Specific examples of such changes to standard theatre were stages that extended out into the audience, and the use of mannequins as real-life actors.

paragraph: In 1955, with a group of visual artists disenchanted with the growing institutionalization of avant-garde, he formed a new theatre ensemble called Cricot 2. In the 1960s, Cricot 2 gave performances in many theatres in Poland and abroad, gaining recognition for their stage "happenings". His interest was mainly with the absurdists and Polish writer and playwright Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (also known as "Witkacy"). Stage productions of Witkacy's plays "The Cuttlefish" (1956) and "The Water Hen" (1969) were regarded as his best achievements during this time. A 1972 performance of "The Water Hen" was described as "the least-publicised, most talked-about event at the Edinburgh festival".

paragraph: "Dead Class" (1975) was the most famous of his theatre pieces of the 1970s. A TV-Movie of the production was made in 1977, directed by Andrzej Wajda. In the play, Kantor himself played the role of a teacher who presided over a class of apparently dead characters who are confronted by mannequins representing the characters' younger selves. He had begun experimenting with the juxtaposition of mannequins and live actors in the 1950s.

paragraph: His later works of the 1980s were very personal reflections. As in "Dead Class", he would sometimes represent himself on stage. In the 1990s, his works became well known in the United States due to presentations at Ellen Stewart's La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club which inspired Lower East Side cultural leaders such as the Nuyorican poet Giannina Braschi.

paragraph: Throughout his life, Kantor had an interesting and unique relationship with Jewish culture; despite being a nominal Catholic Kantor incorporated many elements of what was known as "Jewish theatre" into his works.

paragraph: Kantor died in Kraków.

paragraph: The new Center for the Documentation of the Art of Tadeusz Kantor, was opened in Krakow in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Major manifestos and writing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Autonomous Theatre" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Theatre Happening: The Theatre of Events" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Informal Theatre" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Zero Theatre" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Theatre of Death" (1975)

paragraph: Section::::Productions with Cricot 2.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cuttlefish" (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Country House" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Madman and the Nun" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Water Hen" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dainty Shapes and Hairy Apes, or the Green Pill" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dead Class" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wielopole, Wielopole" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let the Artists Die" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Shall Never Return" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Today is my Birthday" (1990)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Culture of Kraków

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kobialka, Michal, ed and trans. "A Journey Through Other Spaces: Essays and Manifestos, 1944-1990." Publisher: University of California Press, 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilson, Edwin. Goldfarb, Alvin. "Living Theatre: A History". Publisher: McGraw-Hill, 4th edition. August 5, 2003.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tadeusz Kantor at culture.pl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cricoteka The Centre For the Documentation of the Art of Tadeusz Kantor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tadeusz Kantor Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kantor's gallery at malarze.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Water Hen: Kantor, Demarco and the Edinburgh Festival at Culture.pl

paragraph: BULLET::::- Images from “THE WATER HEN” at The Royal Scottish Academy of Art & Architecture

paragraph: BULLET::::- images of Edinburgh performances by Tadeusz Kantor

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Search of Kantor Details of show being performed in Edinburgh 2007 based on Kantor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cricot 2's website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Signature Dictionary, genuine signature by the artist Tadeusz Kantor Here are several dated examples of Tadeusz Kantor signature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TADEUSZ KANTOR YEAR 2015

description: Polish artist

wikidata_label: Tadeusz Kantor

wikipedia_title: Tadeusz Kantor


text:
Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn
Battle of Agincourt
Knight of the Garter
John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
Richard II
Elizabeth of Lancaster
Henry IV
Thomas Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk
Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent
Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk

categories: Grey family,Knights of the Garter,1380s births,1439 deaths

paragraph: John Grey (knight)

paragraph: Sir John Grey (c. 1387 – 27 August 1439), English nobleman and soldier, of Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales, Badmondisfield (in Wickhambrook), Suffolk, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, etc., second but eldest surviving son and heir apparent of Sir Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn by his 1st wife, Margaret Roos. He was also Captain of Gournay.

paragraph: He traveled with the king to France in 1415 and 1417. He fought at the Battle of Agincourt and was invested as the 151st Knight of the Garter on 5 May 1436.

paragraph: He married (first) before Trinity term 1410 (as her second husband) Constance Holland (c.1387–14 November 1437), the daughter of John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (half brother of King Richard II), by his wife, Elizabeth of Lancaster. By her mother, Constance was a niece of King Henry IV. Constance married (first) before 1 June 1402 (by papal dispensation dated 18 Sept. 1391, they being related in the fourth degree of kindred) Sir Thomas Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk, Earl of Nottingham, Earl Marshal, Lord Mowbray, Segrave, and Gower. They had no issue. Sir Thomas Mowbray was executed 8 June 1405 due to his revolt against her uncle, King Henry IV.

paragraph: Sir John Grey and Constance Holland had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent (1416–1490)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Thomas Grey, Lord Richemount Grey, of Simpson, Buckinghamshire, Richemount, Bedfordshire, Merton, Westmorland, Langton, Yorkshire, etc., Justice of the Peace for Buckinghamshire, 1453–8, Justice of the Peace for Bedfordshire, 1455. He was created Baron of Richemount Grey by charter dated 25 June 1450, with remainder to his heirs male. He fought on the Lancastrian side at the Battle of Towton 29 March 1461. He was subsequently attainted Nov. 1461 by the first Parliament of King Edward IV, whereby his honours and lands were forfeited, and he was executed soon afterwards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constance Grey, who married Sir Richard Herbert.

paragraph: Constance, Countess Marshal, died 12 (or 14) Nov. 1437, and was buried in a chapel at St. Katherine by the Tower, London by her brother, John Holland, Duke of Exeter. Following her death, Sir John Grey married (2nd) before 1 July 1438 Margaret Mowbray, daughter of Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk and widow of Sir Robert Howard. They had no issue.

paragraph: Sir John Grey died 27 August 1439. His widow, Margaret, received a papal indult for a portable altar 3 August 1446. She died shortly before 18 October 1459.

description: English nobleman and soldier

wikidata_label: John Grey

wikipedia_title: John Grey (knight)


text:
English
progressive rock
jazz
guitarist
Canterbury scene
Barnet
Hertfordshire
Delivery
Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club
London
Matching Mole
Hatfield and the North
National Health
Short Wave
Hugh Hopper
Pip Pyle
Didier Malherbe
In Cahoots
Richard Sinclair
Elton Dean
Peter Lemer
Official Phil Miller website
Biography
Calyx, the Canterbury website
Interview with Phil Miller
allaboutjazz.com
Phil Miller Discography
Canterbury Music Family Tree

categories: Matching Mole members,Canterbury scene,1949 births,English male guitarists,Delivery (band) members,In Cahoots members,English rock guitarists,Musicians from Hertfordshire,2017 deaths,People from Chipping Barnet,National Health members,Lead guitarists,English jazz guitarists,Hatfield and the North members,Male jazz musicians,Progressive rock guitarists

paragraph: Phil Miller

paragraph: Philip Paul Miller (22 January 1949 – 18 October 2017) was an English progressive rock/jazz guitarist and a central part of the Canterbury scene.

paragraph: Miller was born in Barnet, Hertfordshire. Self-taught on guitar, Phil formed his first band, Delivery, at age 17 which backed blues musicians playing at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London. He later founded Matching Mole, Hatfield and the North, National Health, Short Wave (with Hugh Hopper(†), Pip Pyle(†) and Didier Malherbe), and In Cahoots, which he founded in 1982 with Richard Sinclair, Elton Dean(†), Peter Lemer, and Pip Pyle. He also performed and recorded extensively in solo projects (see discography).

paragraph: In 2005 and 2006, Miller toured with the re-united Hatfield and the North.

paragraph: Phil died October 18, 2017 in London, a victim of cancer. He is survived by his wife Herm and his sister Jane.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "" (DVD)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Phil Miller website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at Calyx, the Canterbury website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Phil Miller at allaboutjazz.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phil Miller Discography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canterbury Music Family Tree

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Phil Miller

wikipedia_title: Phil Miller


text:
Chinese
Roman Catholic Bishop
Roman Catholic Diocese of Hunan
China
Hengyang
Hunan
archbishop
Roman Catholic Diocese of Hunan
Simon Qu Tianxi
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Changsha

categories: People from Hengyang,1961 births,Living people

paragraph: Methodius Qu Ailin

paragraph: Methodius Qu Ailin (; born May 1961) is a Chinese Roman Catholic Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Hunan, China.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Qu was born in Hengyang, Hunan in May 1961. After the resumption of College Entrance Examination, he graduated from the Hengyang Basic University. He joined the church at the end of 1990. He was accepted to the Central South School of Theological Philosophy in 1991. He studied at the Beijing Theological and Philosophical College between 1992 and 1995. He became a priest in June 1995 and that same year he served as a priest at the Hengyang Catholic Church. He was ordained archbishop in 1999 by Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Hunan Simon Qu Tianxi. On December 19, 2011, he was elected as Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Hunan.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Changsha

description: Chinese Roman Catholic Bishop

wikidata_label: Methodius Qu Ailin

wikipedia_title: Methodius Qu Ailin


text:
Njáls saga
Njáll Þorgeirsson
Bergþóra Skarphéðinsdóttir
Bergþórshvoll
althing
goði

paragraph: Skarphéðinn Njálsson

paragraph: Skarphéðinn Njálsson was an Icelandic norseman who may have lived in the 10th century, and who is known as a character in the thirteenth century Icelandic Saga "Njáls saga". The eldest son of Njáll Þorgeirsson and Bergþóra Skarphéðinsdóttir he grew up at Bergþórshvoll. The saga describes a series of feuds involving friends of Njáll and later also Njáll and his sons. Skarphéðinn is described as hardy and skilled warrior but also as an ill-tempered and sharptongued man whose insults of potential allies at the althing ends up isolating the Njálssons, leading to their demise as they are burned inside Bergþórshvoll by their enemies.

paragraph: At first the feud is fueled by the anger of Hallgerður Höskuldsdóttir, wife of Njáll's friend Gunnarr, who is slighted when Njálls wife Bergthora asks her to move away from the main table at a banquet. Hallgerd goads some of her servants to attack members of Njáll's household, and Bergþóra in turn convinces some of hers to retaliate. Eventually, the Njálssons' foster father Þórður Ieysingjason is killed, and dying he predicts that he will be avenged by Skarphéðinn, pulling the Njálsson's into the conflict. After years of intermittent feuding, Skarphéðinn causes the tide of the conflict to turn against Njáll and his family, when he kills the well-liked and innocent Höskuldr Þráinsson the goði (priest) of Hvítanes as he is sowing his field. Þráinsson is the son of Þráinn Sigfússon, who had been killed by Skarphéðinn, but taken as a foster child by Njáll. The apparently senseless act is widely condemned by members of Icelandic society, and Skarphéðinn even himself admits that it gave him an ill-reputation.

paragraph: Skarphéðinn is described as a large and dangerous looking man of threatening demeanor, with prominent teeth and an ugly mouth, whose facial expression often betrays a burning rage that he is working hard to keep under control. Having been burned in the house with his father and brothers, his friends find his charred body with his eyes open and teeth biting down on his lips - and they agree that he is now less scary to them than when he was alive. He carried a long axe named "Rimmugýgur", which before his death he drove into a wooden beam of the house as it was burning down, probably to preserve its sharp edge, in order for it to be used later in avenging him. He has been interpreted as a monstrous character due to the way that he affects people around him, instilling fear by his mere presence.

alias:
Skarphédinn Njálsson
Skarphedinn Njalsson

wikidata_label: Skarphéðinn Njálsson

wikipedia_title: Skarphéðinn Njálsson


text: baseball

text: pitcher

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Major League Baseball

text: Washington Nationals

text: KBO League

text: Samsung Lions

text: fastball

text: changeup

text: Cleveland Indians

text: 2001 Major League Baseball draft

text: Tommy John surgery

text: Buffalo Bisons

text: Triple-A

text: International League

text: Syracuse Chiefs

text: Scott Olsen

text: New York Mets

text: run

text: hits

text: Arizona Diamondbacks

text: Miami Marlins

text: Tampa Bay Rays

text: Durham Bulls

text: Samsung Lions

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Lancaster Barnstormers

text: Washington Nationals

text: knuckleball

text: Potomac Nationals

text: Carolina League

text: Frederick

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Korea Baseball Organization

wikipedia_title: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction

categories: Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Tulsa Drillers players,KBO League pitchers,Washington Nationals players,New Orleans Zephyrs players,Samsung Lions players,Baseball players from California,Mahoning Valley Scrappers players,American expatriate baseball players in South Korea,People from Ridgecrest, California,Lake County Captains players,Akron Aeros players,Potomac Nationals players,Durham Bulls players,Burlington Indians players,San Francisco Dons baseball players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Lancaster Barnstormers players,Columbus RedStixx players,Kinston Indians players,Syracuse Chiefs players,1983 births

paragraph: J. D. Martin

paragraph: John Dale Martin (born January 2, 1983) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Nationals and in the KBO League for the Samsung Lions.

paragraph: Martin is described as "a strike-thrower with a below average fastball who lives off of his changeup." His "fastball clocks in the high-80s, at best, but he locates it well while mixing in a cutter and changeup."

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Indians.

paragraph: Martin was a first round pick by the Cleveland Indians in the 2001 Major League Baseball draft and played for the Indians' organization for eight years. He suffered injuries, and in he underwent Tommy John surgery, causing him to miss the second half of '05 and first half of . In 2008, he spent his last season in the Indians organization with their Triple-A affiliate, the Buffalo Bisons.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Nationals.

paragraph: On November 24, , Martin signed with Washington as a minor-league free agent. In the first half of 2009, he went 8–3 in 15 starts with a 2.66 ERA for the Triple-A International League Syracuse Chiefs, recording 63 strikeouts and 10 walks.

paragraph: On July 19, , Martin was called up to replace injured pitcher Scott Olsen. On July 20 he made his major league debut, starting for the Nationals against the New York Mets. He pitched four innings and gave up five runs on eight hits, with one strikeout and no walks.

paragraph: On August 9, , Martin earned his first major league win as he pitched five innings and gave up one run on five hits. The Nationals beat the Arizona Diamondbacks 9–2 in Martin's fifth start. He ended the season with a 5–4 record, 37 strikeouts, 24 walks, and a 4.44 earned run average in 15 starts.

paragraph: After the 2010 season, Martin was given his outright release, then signed a minor league contract with Washington. He spent the 2011 season in Syracuse, where he pitched in 30 games, including 14 starts, and posted an ERA of 3.93.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Marlins.

paragraph: In December 2011, Martin signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Rays.

paragraph: On January 10, 2013, Martin signed a minor league contract with the Tampa Bay Rays. He spent the 2013 season starting for the Triple-A Durham Bulls. Martin's contract was selected by the Rays on September 22, 2013. He was designated for assignment the next day without appearing in a game.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Samsung Lions.

paragraph: Martin spent 2014 with the Samsung Lions of Korea Professional Baseball.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago White Sox.

paragraph: Martin signed a minor league deal with the Chicago White Sox on January 22, 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Lancaster Barnstormers.

paragraph: On April 1, 2016, Martin signed with the Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He was released on May 31, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Second Stint with Nationals.

paragraph: On June 9, 2016, Martin signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals. Taking advice from years earlier from then-Nationals pitching coordinator Spin Williams, Martin began throwing a knuckleball. He joined the Potomac Nationals and made his first start in the Carolina League in ten years on August 14 against Frederick. He was released on July 9, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Second stint with Rays.

paragraph: On February 14, 2018, Martin signed a minor league contract with the Tampa Bay Rays. He elected free agency on November 2, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: On February 7, 2019, Martin signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Career statistics and player information from Korea Baseball Organization

alias:
John Dale Martin
John Martin

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: J. D. Martin

wikipedia_title: J. D. Martin


text:
Moctezuma I
Chichimecacihuatzin I
Cuauhtototzin
Tezozomoc
Itzcoatl
Axayacatl
Tizoc
Ahuitzotl
Juan Cano de Saavedra
Isabel Moctezuma
List of Tenochtitlan rulers
Aztec emperors family tree

wikipedia_title:
Moctezuma I
Chichimecacihuatzin I
Cuauhtototzin
Tezozomoc (son of Itzcoatl)
Itzcoatl
Axayacatl
Tizoc
Ahuitzotl
Juan Cano de Saavedra
Isabel Moctezuma
List of Tenochtitlan rulers
Aztec emperors family tree

categories: 15th-century births,15th-century women rulers,Aztec nobility,15th-century indigenous people of the Americas,Year of birth unknown,Year of death unknown,Empresses regnant

paragraph: Atotoztli II

paragraph: Atotoztli () or Huitzilxochtzin () was a daughter of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma I and Chichimecacihuatzin I, the daughter of Cuauhtototzin, the ruler of Cuauhnahuac.

paragraph: She married Tezozomoc, son of the previous emperor Itzcoatl, and gave birth to three sons who would later become emperors themselves: Axayacatl, Tizoc, and Ahuitzotl.

paragraph: Some sources indicate she served as regent or even huetlatoani herself. The "Anales de Tula" and "Relación de la Genealogía" state she ruled the Triple Alliance herself, possibly for as long as 30 years. If true, the records of the Mexica may have omitted her from the records because she was a woman. On the other hand, the documents supporting these claims were not contemporary, and made on request of Juan Cano de Saavedra to support the claims of his wife Isabel Moctezuma as heiress to Tenochtitlan.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Tenochtitlan rulers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aztec emperors family tree

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics, 47: Spring 2005, Francesco Pellizzi"

wikidata_label: Atotoztli II

wikipedia_title: Atotoztli II