text:
Venezuela
Teques
Caracas
Cacique
Naiguatá
Guaicamacuto
Chacao
Aramaipuro
Paramaconi
Baruta
San Antonio de los Altos
Baruta
Cacique
Tiora
Caycape
Spaniards
Venezuela
Juan Rodríguez Suárez
Lope de Aguirre
conquistador
Caracas
Luis Narváez
Caracas
Diego de Losada
Francisco Infante
Miranda
Venezuela
Hugo Chávez
conquistador
Día de la Resistencia Indígena
Mission Guaicaipuro
Bolivarian Missions
Venezuela Tuya
Guaicaipuro County
Misión Guaicaipuro
Guaicaipuro's gold coins

categories: 1568 deaths,Venezuelan people of indigenous peoples descent,History of Venezuela,Indigenous leaders of the Americas

paragraph: Guaicaipuro

paragraph: Guaicaipuro (c. 1530–1568) was a native (indigenous) Venezuelan chief of both the Teques and Caracas tribes. Though known today as Guaicaipuro, in documents of the time his name was written "Guacaipuro".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Guaicaipuro formed a powerful coalition of different tribes which he led during part of the 16th century against the Spanish conquest of Venezuelan territory in the central region of the country, specially in the Caracas valley. He commanded, among others, Cacique ("Spanish: Indian chief") Naiguatá, Guaicamacuto, Chacao, Aramaipuro, Paramaconi and his own son Baruta. Guaicaipuro is one of the most famous and celebrated Venezuelan Caciques. The area occupied by the Teques was populated by several native groups each with its own cacique. Guaicaipuro's tribe, which was located in what is now San Antonio de los Altos, was the largest one. He had a son named Baruta, himself a Cacique. The name of two is his sisters is also known: Tiora and Caycape.

paragraph: The Spaniards discovered gold in the area of the land of the Teques, and as they started to exploit the mines, Guaicaipuro attacked, forcing the Spanish to leave. Following the attack, the governor of the province of Venezuela sent Juan Rodríguez Suárez to pacify the area, which apparently he did after defeating Guaicaipuro in several engagements. Believing he had achieved his task, the Spanish commander and his soldiers left the area leaving behind miners and three of his sons. Once the Spanish soldiers had left, Guiacaipuro assaulted the mines killing all the workers as well as the sons of Rodríguez Suárez. Immediately thereafter, Rodríguez Suárez who was on his way to the city of Valencia, with a small contingent of only six soldiers, with the purpose of meeting Lope de Aguirre, another Spanish conquistador, was ambushed by Guaicaipuro and killed.

paragraph: After these successes Guaicaipuro became the main and central figure in the uprising of all the native tribes in the vicinity of the Caracas valley, and managed to unite all the tribes under his command. In 1562 they defeated an expeditionary force led by Luis Narváez. Due to the fierce attacks, the Spanish retreated away from the area for several years.

paragraph: In 1567 the city of "Santiago de Leon de Caracas" was founded in the Caracas valley. The Spanish worried about the nearby presence of Guaicaipuro and his men, and given his previous attacks, they decided not to wait for him to attack, and as a preventive move Diego de Losada, (founder of Caracas) ordered the mayor of the city, Francisco Infante to undertake Guacaipuro's capture. In 1568 Infante and his men were led by native guides to the hut where Guaicaipuro lived and they set it on fire to force the native cacique out. Guaicaipuro stormed out and found death at the hands of the Spanish soldiers.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The county of Guaicaipuro in the state of Miranda, Venezuela was named in his honor. Later the county reformed to the Guaicaipuro Municipality.

paragraph: Amidst the new policy started by former president Hugo Chávez of re-assessing and valuing the role of Venezuela's Caciques and indigenous peoples in a historical narrative which has traditionally given greater prominence to the Spanish conquistadores, Guaicaipuro's remains were symbolically moved (his remains have never been found) under ceremonial pomp to the national pantheon on December 8, 2001.

paragraph: Under the same new policy president Chávez often mentioned Guaicaipuro and other native chiefs in his speeches with the purpose of inspiring Venezuelans to resist what he called the policies of American imperialists and interventionists directed towards Venezuela. Most notably, he did it every year during the October 12 holiday, which after being renamed several years ago Dia de la Raza (previously America's Discovery Day), was recently renamed as Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance).

paragraph: The Venezuelan government named as "Mission Guaicaipuro" one of its ongoing Bolivarian Missions; this specific program seeks to restore communal land titles and human rights to Venezuela's, still remaining, 33 indigenous tribes.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Venezuela Tuya Short biography of Guaicaipuro (in Spanish).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guaicaipuro County Guaicapuro's life (in Spanish).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Misión Guaicaipuro Website for the Venezuelan government's project for the native tribes (in Spanish).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guaicaipuro's gold coins (in Spanish)

description: Venezuelan chief

wikidata_label: Guaicaipuro

wikipedia_title: Guaicaipuro


text: Pennsylvania

text: Kansas

text: Kansas City, Kansas

text: New York

text: Leavenworth

text: Kansas City, Missouri

text: Brookdale

text: Binghamton, New York

text: Pennsylvania

text: preceptress

text: Conklin, New York

text: Barzillai Gray

text: Wyandotte

text: Kansas Territory

text: Kansas

text: Centennial Exposition

text: Philadelphia

text: Missouri

text: States

text: Clarina I. H. Nichols

text: Mother Armstrong

text: Atchison

text: Lansing

text: Olathe

text: Topeka

text: St. Joseph

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: eastern

text: Job Harriman

text: Socialist Party of America

text: Missouri River

text: Kansas City, Kansas

text: Vermont

categories: American women philanthropists,People from Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania,19th-century American women writers,Women newspaper editors,American philanthropists,19th-century philanthropists,1833 births,American suffragists,19th-century American newspaper editors,Clubwomen,American community activists,1904 deaths

paragraph: Mary Tenney Gray

paragraph: Mary Tenney Gray (June 19, 1833 – October 11, 1904; known as the "Mother of the Women's Club Movement in Kansas") was a 19th-century American editorial writer, club-woman, philanthropist, and suffragette from Pennsylvania, who later became a resident of Kansas. She lived in Kansas City, Kansas for more than twenty years and during that time, was identified with almost every woman's movement. She served on the editorial staff of several publications including the New York "Teacher", the Leavenworth "Home Record", and the "Kansas Farmer". Gray's paper on "Women and Kansas City's Development" was awarded the first prize in the competition held by the Women's Auxiliary to the Manufacturers' Association of Kansas City, Missouri.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Mary Davy Tenney was born in Brookdale, Liberty Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, June 19, 1833. She was the daughter of Rev. Ephraim B. and Harriet (Lott).

paragraph: She received her education in her father's theological library, supplemented by a course of study in the Ingalls Seminary, Binghamton, New York. She graduated at Wyoming Seminary, Pennsylvania, in 1853.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Upon graduation, she served as preceptress in Binghamton Academy of Binghamton, New York 1854–58.

paragraph: On June 14, 1859, in Conklin, New York, she married Judge Barzillai Gray, moved to Wyandotte, Kansas Territory, a town he founded, He was appointed judge of probate in Leavenworth, Kansas, 1859, judge of the criminal court in 1868; removed to Topeka, Kansas, in 1876, and as private secretary to Gov. Anthony. In Leavenworth, she took part in various activities associated with charities and church extension, as well as the state and county expositions. She lived in Kansas City, Kansas for more than twenty years and during that time, she was identified with almost every woman's movement.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Philanthropist and organizer.

paragraph: Gray was one of Kansas's prominent leaders during the Centennial Exposition of Philadelphia in 1876. As one of the original founders and first president of the Social Science Club of Kansas and Western Missouri, she gave impetus to intellectual culture in those localities, and she saw the organization grow from a small number to a membership of 500 women of the two States. She is also remembered for scientific and artistic work. In 1859, she attended the Wyandotte constitutional convention with Clarina I. H. Nichols and "Mother Armstrong", attempting to have the vote for women included in the state constitution.

paragraph: As a leader in the women's clubs for art, education, literary and philanthropic purposes, Gray wielded an influence for culture that was felt not only in her home city but throughout the entire state. In the year 1881, a potential effort was made toward a union of the clubs of the state. Up to this time, the club life of the women of the state had been local and confined to a few cities. At a meeting of prominent women, many of whom were members of Kansas and Missouri clubs, held at Leavenworth, Thursday, May 19, 1881, the State Social Science Club of Kansas and Missouri was organized. This first association of women's clubs in the west, with Gray as its first president, was organized by representative women from Atchison, Lansing, Leavenworth, Olathe, Topeka and Wyandotte in Kansas; Kansas City and St. Joseph in Missouri, and Chicago, Illinois. The preamble to its constitution and by-laws read thus: "The object of this society shall be to promote a better acquaintance among thoughtful women of this section who are most desirous and best able to raise the standard of women's education and attainments, to enlarge their opportunities, and by frequent meeting bring the highest knowledge of each for the benefit of all." The meetings of this association were held in various cities in Kansas, also in Kansas City, Missouri, two meetings being held each year. The programs at these conventions were comprehensive, embracing the departments of art, archeology, domestic economy, education, history, civil government, literature, natural and sanitary science, philanthropy, and reform. Thereafter, Gray was remembered as the "mother of the woman's culture club movement in Kansas".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Writer and editor.

paragraph: She wrote for various papers and magazines, and aided in starting the "Home Record", "Home for the Friendless", and "Kansas Cook Book" (an issue for charity). In 1855—,56-,57 she was one of the editors of the "New York Teacher". On the editorial staff of the "New York Teacher" for two years, Gray's influence was felt among the teachers of the state. She was a contributor or correspondent to the leading magazines and papers of Kansas and to the eastern press. The orphan asylum in Leavenworth was indebted to her written appeals for recognition and assistance. The "Home Record", of the same city, was an outgrowth and exponent of her deep and abiding interest in the welfare and elevation of women. The compilation of the Kansas "Home Cook Book", for the benefit of the Home for the Friendless, was a source of financial strength to the institution, with more than 10,000 copies sold. As editor of the home department of the "Kansas Farmer" for some years, she showed both sympathy and interest in a group of people who were largely unable to engage in intellectual pursuits.

paragraph: Gray was a vigorous writer and a clear reasoner. She read papers before many state gatherings, as well as clubs of the two Kansas Cities. In the spring of 1901, Gray's paper on "Women and Kansas City's Development" was awarded the first prize in the competition held by the Women's Auxiliary to the Manufacturers' Association of Kansas City, Missouri.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: The couple had three children. Lawrence Tenney Gray (b. 1864), became a lawyer. Daughter Mary Theodosia (1866-1949) married Job Harriman, the candidate for vice president at the 1904 election on the Socialist Party of America ticket. Jessie M. (b. ca. 1863) was another daughter.

paragraph: Gray died on October 11, 1904, at her home on the Missouri River bluffs north of Kansas City, Kansas. On May 9, 1909, the Kansas Federation of Women's Clubs dedicated a monument in Oak Grove cemetery, Kansas City, to the memory of Gray, as one of the founders of that organization. The monument is of Vermont granite and overlooks the Missouri valley, which Gray once declared was "the most beautiful and romantic view in America."

description: American editorial writer, clubwoman, philanthropist, suffragist

wikidata_label: Mary Tenney Gray

wikipedia_title: Mary Tenney Gray


text:
Italian
film director
Smiling Maniacs
Vatican Conspiracy
Rome
Italian
Armenian
Silvio D'Amico
Luchino Visconti
The Leopard
Alberto Lattuada
Smiling Maniacs
Bob Fosse
Tennessee Williams
The Glass Menagerie
Lino Patruno
Festival de Gramado
Sydne Rome
Smiling Maniacs
Franco Nero
Martin Balsam
Fernando Rey
Ugo Betti
A Whisper in the Dark
John Phillip Law
Joseph Cotten
nudism
Ugo Liberatore
Ilona Staller
Vatican Conspiracy
Pope John Paul I
Terence Stamp
Fabrizio Bentivoglio
Prague
Franco Nero
World War II
Pino Donaggio
Massimo Bontempelli
Cochi Ponzoni
Kim Rossi Stuart
Alessandro Haber
Lucrezia Lante della Rovere
Anita Ekberg
Teatro La Fenice
My Fair Lady
Festival dei due mondi
Spoleto

categories: Italian film directors,Italian people of Armenian descent,1997 deaths,1934 births

paragraph: Marcello Aliprandi

paragraph: Marcello Aliprandi (2 January 1934–26 August 1997) was an Italian film director. In addition to his work in television and the theater, he directed seven feature films, including "Smiling Maniacs" (1975) and "Vatican Conspiracy" (1982).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Aliprandi was born in Rome to an Italian father and an Armenian mother.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In the mid-1950s, Aliprandi left university to enroll at the Silvio D'Amico art academy. After graduating, he became an assistant to Luchino Visconti, working with him both in the theater and as assistant director for the 1963 film "The Leopard". Later during the 1960s, Aliprandi worked mainly in theater and as a member of the "Compagnia dei giovani" (Company of Young People), directing various plays and operas. He returned to film in 1968 as an assistant director for Alberto Lattuada's "Fraulein Doktor".

paragraph: The first feature film directed by Aliprandi was the 1970 science-fiction film "La ragazza di latta" (The Tin Girl), for which he also co-wrote the screenplay. Aliprandi received good critical reviews for "La ragazza", as well as for his next two films—1974's "Corruzione al palazzo di giustizia" (Corruption at the Palace of Justice, released in the United States as "Smiling Maniacs") and 1976's "Un sussurro nel buio" (A Whisper in the Dark). But only one of the three, "Smiling Maniacs", was a commercial success. Aliprandi's last film in the 1970s, "Senza buccia" (Skin Deep) (1979), was both a critical and commercial failure.

paragraph: For the entire 1980s, Aliprandi mostly worked in television and the theater. His television work included the three-part musical "Hollywood Hello, qui, Broadway!", which featured choreographer Bob Fosse playing himself (Aliprandi and Fosse had met while Aliprandi was visiting the United States). It also included Tennessee Williams' "The Glass Menagerie". The only feature film that Aliprandi made during this period was 1982's "Morte in Vaticano" (Death in the Vatican). As with his previous feature film, it was a commercial failure.

paragraph: Along with friend Lino Patruno, Aliprandi founded the production company Movietone of Italy in the early 1990s. His final two films were 1992's "Prova di Memoria" (Memory Test, released in the United States as "Crimson Dawn") and 1994's "Soldato Ignato" (Unknown Soldier). The latter film saw little distribution, being screened only at two film festivals— one in Italy and the other at Brazil's Festival de Gramado. For the Italian screening, Aliprandi's directing credit was given as "Daniel Ford".

paragraph: In assessing Aliprandi's career, film historian Roberto Curti noted that his early association with Visconti lent Aliprandi a certain level of respect within the Italian film industry. However, he also noted that Aliprandi never achieved great critical success. Curti attributed this largely to Aliprandi's directorial style, which he described as "often too weird and artistically compromised". He added that, except for "Senza buccia" (Skin Deep), Aliprandi's films were "personal and technically competent" and dealt with fantasy elements in ways that were "original and idiosyncratic".

paragraph: Section::::Directing credits.

paragraph: Section::::Directing credits.:Film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tin Girl" (1970), a science fiction film starring Sydne Rome.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Smiling Maniacs" (1974), a protest film starring Franco Nero, Martin Balsam and Fernando Rey. It was based on the same-named play by Ugo Betti.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Whisper in the Dark" ("Un sussurro nel buio", 1976), a psychological thriller starring John Phillip Law and Joseph Cotten.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skin Deep" (1979), a comedy about nudism based on Ugo Liberatore's screenplay. It starred Ilona Staller.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vatican Conspiracy" (1982), a religious fantasy loosely inspired by the death of Pope John Paul I. It featured Terence Stamp and Fabrizio Bentivoglio.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crimson Dawn" (1992), a thriller set in Prague starring Franco Nero.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unknown Soldier" (1995), a fantasy drama about World War II.

paragraph: Five of these films had their musical scores written by Pino Donaggio. The two that did not were the very first ("The Tin Girl") and 1992's "Crimson Dawn".

paragraph: Section::::Directing credits.:Television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quasi Davvero" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hello Hollywood, qui Broadway!" (1981), a musical starring Bob Fosse

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La mano indemoniata" (The Possessed Hand) (1981), a fantasy by Massimo Bontempelli featuring Cochi Ponzoni

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Glass Menagerie" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I ragazzi della valle misteriosa" (Boys of the Mysterious Valley) (1984), starring Kim Rossi Stuart and Alessandro Haber.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quando ancora non c'erano i Beatles" (Even When There Weren't the Beatles) (1988), a musical miniseries featuring Lucrezia Lante della Rovere and Anita Ekberg. Aliprandi co-wrote the screenplay.

paragraph: Section::::Directing credits.:Stage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caro Bugiardo" (Dear Liar) (1962), four performances staged at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice. Alliprandi was an assistant director.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Fair Lady" (1964), single performance staged at the Teatro La Fenice. Alliprandi was a co-director.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Isola" (The Island) (1964), staged at the Festival dei due mondi in Spoleto.

description: Italian film director

wikidata_label: Marcello Aliprandi

wikipedia_title: Marcello Aliprandi


text:
Malay Peninsula
Aragonese
Sulawesi
Makassar
Bugis
Malacca
Goa
Company of Jesus
Cochin
cosmographer
Indonesian Archipelago
Muar
Kota Batu
Golden Chersonese
Malay Archipelago
Ophir
Portuguese territories
Macau
Bacaim
Colombo
Ormuz
Mozambique

categories: Portuguese cartographers,1563 births,History of Malacca,Portuguese Malacca

paragraph: Manuel Godinho de Erédia

paragraph: Manuel Godinho de Erédia, or Emanuel Godinho de Erédia (16 July 1563 – 1623), was a Malay-Portuguese writer and cartographer. He wrote a number of books, including an early account of the Malay Peninsula that is a source of information on the region of that period. In the early 17th century, he became interested in exploring a "southern land", which is thought to be Australia.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Godinho de Erédia was the youngest of four children of João de Erédia Aquaviva, a Portuguese of Aragonese and Italian descent. His mother was Dona Elena Vessiva from Sulawesi, a Makassar or a Bugis described as a princess, the daughter of the King of Supa. His father was part of a Portuguese missionary expedition to Sulawesi when he met the 15-year-old girl, who fell in love and eloped with the Portuguese captain, and they married in 1545. Manuel Godinho de Erédia was born on 16 July 1563 in Malacca where he also spent his childhood. He was educated at a Jesuit school there.

paragraph: His mother died in 1575, and soon after when he was 13, Erédia was sent to a Jesuit college in Goa where was trained in astronomy, cartography and mathematics. He was received into Company of Jesus in 1579, but left to work for the Portuguese government in Goa in 1580 as his Superiors felt it would better suit his interest in exploration.

paragraph: Erédia married Vilante de Sampaio in Cochin in around 1586. They had two children: a daughter born in 1587 and a son in 1588.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Erédia worked as a cosmographer, wrote books, and taught mathematics. He also served as a soldier and military engineer. He prepared new maps of Asian countries for the King of Spain. The King was said to have named Eredia as the discoverer of Meridional India (a supposed southern land) on 14 February 1594, and he was also said to have given the title of "Adelantado" (Governor General) and made a member of the Order of Christ. There is however no proof of these claims.

paragraph: Erédia became interested in finding the legendary "land of gold", and returned to South East Asia in 1600 on a mission to explore further the Indonesian Archipelago. However, he had to stay in Malacca for four years, commanding a fleet of 70 ships guarding the southern approach to the Malacca. He founded a fort in Muar in 1604, and captured Kota Batu, the capital of Johore, with General Andre Furtado de Mendoça.

paragraph: Erédia heard of a land to the south or "Luca Antara" (which may be Australia) in 1601 and was interested in exploring it, but fell ill in 1605 and had to return to Goa. He sent a servant to accompany Javanese seamen to "Luca Antara" in 1610, although unbeknownst to him the Dutch had already discovered of existence of the northern shore of Australia by 1606.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Apart from his maps, Erédia left a diverse range of written work and drawings. His most significant book is "Description of Malaca, Meridional India, and Cathay" written in 1613, and it is a source of information on the early history of Malacca. None of his books were published in his lifetime. Among his works are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1597-1600 – "Report on the Golden Chersonese, or Peninsula, and Auriferous, Carbuncular and Aromatic Islands" (a broad account of the Malay Archipelago); "Report on Meridional India"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1610 – "Plantas de plaças das conquistas de Portugal"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1611 – "Discourse on the Province of Indostan, termed Mogûl"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1612 – "Summary of the Trees and Plants of India intra Ganges" ("Suma de árvores e plantas da Índia Intra Ganges")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1613 – "Description of Malaca, Meridional India, and Cathay" ("Declaracam de Malaca e da India Meridional com Cathay")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1615 – "History of the Martyrdom of Luiz Monteiro Coutinho"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1616 – "Treatise on Ophir" ("Tratado Ophirico"). An autobiography is included in this work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- c. 1620 - "Lyvro de Plataforma das Fortalezas da India" (an illustrated accounts of Portuguese territories in 1620 between East Asia and East Africa, including Macau, Bacaim, Colombo, Ormuz and Mozambique.)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Borschberg, Peter, "Singapura in Early Modern Cartography: A Sea of Challenges", in "Visualising Space. Maps of Singapore and the Region. Collections from the National Library and National Archives of Singapore" (Singapore: NLB, 2015): 6-33. https://www.academia.edu/8681191

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gibson-Hill, Carl-Alexander, "Singapore: Note on the History of the Old Straits, 1580–1850", "Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society," 27.1 (1954): 165-214.

alias:
Manuel Godinho de Eredia
Manuel Godinho Erédia

description: Portuguese writer (1563-1623)

wikidata_label: Manuel Godinho de Erédia

wikipedia_title: Manuel Godinho de Erédia


text: Wellington

text: Walsden

text: Todmorden

text: Lancashire

text: Feilding

text: Wanganui

text: Wellington

text: Anglican Church in Wellington

text: North Island

text: Old St Paul's

text: St Mary of the Angels

text: Gothic Revival

text: St Alban's Church

text: Pauatahanui

text: Cathedral of the Holy Spirit

text: John Swan

text: St Gerard's, Wellington

text: King George V Silver Jubilee Medal

text: All Saints Church, Palmerston North

categories: English emigrants to New Zealand,New Zealand architects,1952 deaths,People from Todmorden,1856 births,New Zealand ecclesiastical architects,Frederick de Jersey Clere buildings

paragraph: Frederick de Jersey Clere

paragraph: Frederick de Jersey Clere (7 January 1856 – 13 August 1952) was an architect in Wellington, New Zealand.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Walsden, near Todmorden, Lancashire and trained as an architect before emigrating to New Zealand with his family in 1877.

paragraph: He was an architect for 58 years, in Feilding, Wanganui, and Wellington. In 1883 he was made the Diocesan Architect for the Anglican Church in Wellington, designing over 100 churches not only in Wellington but across the lower North Island. He built a variety of buildings, including the Wellington Harbour Board Head Office and Bond Store and the Wellington Harbour Board Wharf Office Building for the Wellington Harbour Board (WHB) and also designed schools, houses and churches. In 1891 he designed the extension to the baptistry of Old St Paul's in Wellington.

paragraph: An advocate of concrete construction (though he wrote a pamphlet on building wooden churches), his best known design is St Mary of the Angels (Catholic, 1922) of reinforced concrete, in Wellington. Many of his churches are in the Gothic Revival style, for example St Alban's Church in Pauatahanui and the Catholic, St Patrick's Church, Palmerston North which was built in 1925 and renovated and rededicated in 1980 as the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. He was involved with his architectural partner, John Swan, in designing St Gerard's, Wellington.

paragraph: In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.

paragraph: He practised on his own and in association with many other architects, including his son. Clere continued working until the age of 92, and died on 13 August 1952 at the age of 96.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- All Saints Church, Palmerston North

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Architect of the angels: the churches of Frederick de Jersey Clere" by Susan Maclean (2002, Steele Roberts, Wellington)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hints on building wooden churches" by Frederick de J. Clere (1886, Ffrost & Manley, Wellington), a 16-page pamphlet

description: Anglo-New Zealand architect

wikidata_label: Frederick de Jersey Clere

wikipedia_title: Frederick de Jersey Clere


text:
football
goalkeeper
Las Vegas Mobsters
Woolwich
London
PE
Welling United
Wycombe Wanderers
Slough Town
Plymouth Argyle
Arsenal
Pat Jennings
Manchester City
Crystal Palace
Clive Allen
Kenny Sansom
Selhurst Park
Terry Venables
John Burridge
1980–81
manager
Queens Park Rangers
1981–82
1982–83
West Bromwich Albion
the Hawthorns
1984–85
Stoke City
Leicester City
Queens Park Rangers
1986 Football League Cup Final
Oxford United
Wembley Stadium
Loftus Road
Reading
Welling United
Coventry City
Queens Park Rangers
West Bromwich Albion
Aston Villa
Middlesbrough
League Cup
Tottenham Hotspur
Gareth Bale
Chris Hughton
Las Vegas Mobsters
Premier Development League
Football League Cup
1986

categories: Queens Park Rangers F.C. players,Crystal Palace F.C. players,1953 births,Association football goalkeepers,National League (English football) players,Welling United F.C. players,Middlesbrough F.C. non-playing staff,Plymouth Argyle F.C. players,Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players,Aston Villa F.C. non-playing staff,Arsenal F.C. players,Slough Town F.C. players,West Bromwich Albion F.C. players,Reading F.C. players,Living people,People from Woolwich,Newcastle United F.C. non-playing staff,Cheltenham Town F.C. players,Stoke City F.C. players,English footballers

paragraph: Paul Barron

paragraph: Paul George Barron (born 16 September 1953) is an English former football goalkeeper. He is currently the head coach for the Las Vegas Mobsters

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Born in Woolwich, London, Barron qualified as a PE instructor before becoming a professional footballer. He played for non-league Welling United, Wycombe Wanderers and Slough Town, before turning professional with Plymouth Argyle in July 1976.

paragraph: He signed for Arsenal in July 1978 for £70,000, as cover for Pat Jennings. Barron made his Arsenal debut on 2 August 1978 against Manchester City but was unable to oust Jennings from the first team; after only eight appearances in two seasons he moved on to Crystal Palace in 1980. He joined Palace along with Clive Allen, while Kenny Sansom moved to Arsenal as part of the deal.

paragraph: At Selhurst Park Barron was favoured by manager Terry Venables over John Burridge as Palace suffered a poor start to the 1980–81 season. However, Venables left in October 1980 to become manager at Queens Park Rangers, and Burridge followed in December. Barron made 33 league appearances that season, (in which Palace were relegated) but remained at Palace in 1981–82 and for the first half of 1982–83 as the Eagles finished 15th in consecutive seasons. Barron joined West Bromwich Albion in December 1982 and spent three seasons at the Hawthorns making 63 First Division appearances. In 1984–85 he joined Stoke City on loan, and played once keeping a clean sheet, in a 0–0 draw away at Leicester City. He joined Queens Park Rangers in August 1985 and he appeared in the 1986 Football League Cup Final for QPR, in their defeat by Oxford United at Wembley Stadium. Barron spent two seasons at Loftus Road which included a short spell on loan at Reading and in the summer of 1988 he returned to his first club Welling United.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: After retiring as a player, Barron became a goalkeeping coach, working at Coventry City, Queens Park Rangers and West Bromwich Albion. He then moved to Aston Villa, before joining Middlesbrough in 2001. Barron was sent to the stands during Middlesbrough's away League Cup match against Tottenham Hotspur on 26 September 2007, after protesting about Gareth Bale's opening goal. In November 2007 he left Boro to become goalkeeping coach at Newcastle United.

paragraph: Barron left Newcastle United in December 2010 following the departure of manager Chris Hughton. As of 2015 Barron is the head coach of the Las Vegas Mobsters a U.S soccer team in the Premier Development League's Western Conference.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queens Park Rangers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Football League Cup runner-up: 1986

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Source:

description: British footballer

wikidata_label: Paul Barron

wikipedia_title: Paul Barron


text:
O.F.M.
Chinese
Catholic
bishop
Auxiliary Bishop
Hong Kong
catechism
Order of Friars Minor
Taiwan
priest
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
Hong Kong
John Baptist Wu
Spirituality
Pontifical University Antonianum
Pope Francis
Simitthu
Michael Yeung Ming-cheung
Stephen Lee Bun-sang
John Tong Hon
consecrator
Coat of Arms
tassel cord loop
Franciscan cross
Latin Cross
St. Francis of Assisi

categories: Roman Catholic titular bishops,Hong Kong people,Living people,1959 births

paragraph: Joseph Ha

paragraph: Joseph Ha Chi-shing, O.F.M. (Chinese: 夏志誠, born 4 March 1959) is a Catholic bishop and currently the Auxiliary Bishop of Hong Kong.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ha was born in Hong Kong, and started learning Catholic catechism and was then baptised during his study in secondary school. After his graduation, he worked in the field of banking before finding his vocational calling after a pilgrimage to a Marian shrine. He joined the Order of Friars Minor in 1984, and received basic religious formation in Taiwan.

paragraph: He was ordained as a priest on 9 September 1990 at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Hong Kong, from the hands of Cardinal John Baptist Wu, then Bishop of Hong Kong. Since his ordination, he has served as parish priest in St. Bonaventure Parish, Our Lady Queen of Angels Parish, and as Parochial Administrator of St. Francis's Parish. He was also appointed as supervisor of St. Bonaventure College & High School, St. Bonaventure Catholic Primary School and Tsz Wan Shan St. Bonaventure Catholic Primary School. He has also been a member of the Hong Kong Catholic Board of Education since 2011. He has also been elected twice as the President of the Franciscan Foundation in Hong Kong (in 1999 and 2010 respectively).

paragraph: Ha is a theologian and an expert in spirituality, who holds a Master degree in Spirituality from Pontifical University Antonianum.

paragraph: On 11 July 2014, Ha was appointed as one of the three Auxiliary Bishops of Hong Kong by Pope Francis, holding the titular see of Simitthu, along with Michael Yeung Ming-cheung and Stephen Lee Bun-sang. They were consecrated bishops on 30 August 2014, with Cardinal John Tong Hon, Bishop of Hong Kong, as their principal consecrator.

paragraph: With Lee's appointment as Bishop of Macau in January 2016 and Yeung's promotion to coadjutor and then bishop of Hong Kong, Ha remains the sole auxiliary.

paragraph: Section::::Coat of arms.

paragraph: The Coat of Arms of Bishop Ha is unique in two ways: it adopted a simpler design of tassel cord loop, symbolizing simplicity, straightforwardness and sincerity; and it uses a Franciscan cross, instead of the more common Latin Cross, behind the shield.

paragraph: His episcopal motto is "Pax et Bonum", the greeting of St. Francis of Assisi, meaning peace and goodness.

description: Roman Catholic Auxiliary Bishop

wikidata_label: Joseph Ha

wikipedia_title: Joseph Ha


text:
New Zealand
motor racing
2019 FIA F3 Championship
Prema Powerteam
Christchurch
New Zealand Formula Ford Championship
BRDC British Formula 3
Formula Renault 2.0
Ferrari Driver Academy
2017 Toyota Racing Series
ADAC F4
Italian F4
Prema Powerteam
Toyota Racing Series
FIA Formula 3 European Championship
Robert Shwartzman
Guanyu Zhou
Norisring
Macau Grand Prix
M2 Competition
FIA Formula 3 Championship
Toyota Racing Series
New Zealand Grand Prix
Liam Lawson
Nicolas Todt

categories: ADAC Formula 4 drivers,Formula Ford drivers,Formula Renault 2.0 NEC drivers,2000 births,Sportspeople from Christchurch,Toyota Racing Series drivers,Italian F4 Championship drivers,New Zealand racing drivers,FIA Formula 3 European Championship drivers,Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 drivers,Living people

paragraph: Marcus Armstrong

paragraph: Marcus Armstrong (born 29 July 2000) is a New Zealand motor racing driver who competes in the 2019 FIA F3 Championship for Prema Powerteam.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Christchurch, Armstrong began karting in 2010, winning major titles from 2011 onwards. While still karting, Armstrong graduated to single seaters in 2014 in the 2014–15 season of New Zealand Formula Ford Championship.

paragraph: In 2016, Armstrong once again diversified his karting with stints in BRDC British Formula 3 and the two Formula Renault 2.0 series.

paragraph: In November 2016, Armstrong was among five drivers invited to join the Ferrari Driver Academy and was confirmed as a member the following month. That same month, he was confirmed to race in the 2017 Toyota Racing Series with M2 Competition, where he took three wins and finished fourth overall.

paragraph: In February 2017, it was announced Armstrong would race in both the ADAC F4 and Italian F4 championships with Prema Powerteam. Claiming seven wins across both series, Armstrong finished runner-up in ADAC F4 and as 2017 Italian F4 champion.

paragraph: For 2018, Armstrong returned to the Toyota Racing Series and continued his collaboration with Prema, graduating to the FIA Formula 3 European Championship, alongside fellow Ferrari juniors Robert Shwartzman and Guanyu Zhou where he scored a race win at the Norisring and claimed fifth in the championship. At the season ending Macau Grand Prix he finished ninth.

paragraph: The following year, Armstrong reunited with both Prema and M2 Competition to contest the inaugural FIA Formula 3 Championship and the Toyota Racing Series with the respective teams. In TRS, Armstrong took five victories, but missed out on the title in the season ending New Zealand Grand Prix to fellow countryman Liam Lawson. In April 2019, Armstrong joined Nicolas Todt's All Road Management scheme.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Career summary.

paragraph: † As Armstrong was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.br

paragraph: * Season still in progress.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete FIA Formula 3 Championship results.

paragraph: Season still in progress.

description: New Zealand racing driver

wikidata_label: Marcus Armstrong

wikipedia_title: Marcus Armstrong


text:
Minister of State
Spain

categories: Government ministers of Spain,Spanish untitled nobility,1835 deaths,1770 births

paragraph: José García de León y Pizarro

paragraph: José García de León y Pizarro, born in Santa Cruz de Marquis, Nueva Granada, Ecuador, (1770 – 1835) was Minister of State (First Secretary of State) of Spain from October 30, 1816 to September 14, 1818. He married Maria Mercedes Avila and had a son Rafael Garcia.

paragraph: He died by decapitation.

description: Spanish politician

wikidata_label: José García de León y Pizarro

wikipedia_title: José García de León y Pizarro


text:
Georgian
Tsurtavi
Gogarene
Iberia
Shushanik
Varsken
hagiographic
Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik
List of Georgian writers
Donald Rayfield

categories: 5th-century writers,Male writers from Georgia (country),Christian hagiographers

paragraph: Iakob Tsurtaveli

paragraph: Jacob of Tsurtavi () also known as Jacob the Priest (იაკობ ხუცესი, Iakob Khutsesi) was the 5th-century Georgian religious writer and priest from Tsurtavi, then the major town of Gogarene and the Lower Iberia.

paragraph: A personal priest of Saint Shushanik and an eyewitness of her martyrdom at the hand of her spouse, bidaxae Varsken, Jacob compiled her life in his hagiographic novel the Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik, the oldest surviving work of the Georgian literature written between 476 and 483. Except for scarce information obtained from his work, nothing more is known about Jacob’s life.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Georgian writers

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. მ. საბინინი, საქართველოს სამოთხე, გვ. 182-192;

paragraph: BULLET::::2. იაკობ ცურტაველი, მარტვილობაÁ შუშანიკისი, ქართული და სომხური ტექსტები გამოსცა ილ. აბულაძემ, ტფილისი, 1938, გვ. 3-47;

paragraph: BULLET::::3. ს. ყუბანეიშვილი, ძველი ქართული ლიტერატურის ქრესტომათია, I, თბილისი, 1946, გვ. 34-44;

paragraph: BULLET::::4. ძველი ქართული აგიოგრაფიული ლიტერატურის ძეგლები, I, გვ. 11-29;

paragraph: BULLET::::5. იაკობ ცურტაველი, წამებაÁ წმიდისა შუშანიკისი დედოფლისაÁ, გამოსაცემად მოამზადა ც. ქურციკიძემ, თბილისი, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. К. Кекелидзе,Памятники древнегрузинской агиографии, Тбилиси, 1956, გვ. 7-28.

paragraph: BULLET::::7. К. Кекелидзе, Якоб Цуртавели, Мученичество Шушаники, Тбилиси, 1979;

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Яков Цуртавели, Мученичество Шушаник, перевод В. Дондуа, Введение и примечания З. Алексидзе, Тбилиси, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::9. ა. ბარამიძე, `შუშანიკის წამების~ ახლებური გაგების გარშემო, ჟურნ. მნათობი, # 10, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::10. რ. ბარამიძე, ქართული მწერლობის სათავეებთან, თბილისი, 1978;

paragraph: BULLET::::11. კ. კეკელიძე, ძველი ქართული ლიტერატურის ისტორია, გვ. 113-122;

paragraph: BULLET::::12. ქართული მწერლობა, I, თბილისი, 1984, გვ. 124-127;

paragraph: BULLET::::13. შ. ონიანი, იაკობ ხუცესის `წამებაÁ წმიდისა შუშანიკისი~, თბილისი, 1978;

paragraph: BULLET::::14. შუშანიკის წამება. საიუბილეო კრებული. გამოკვლევები და წერილები, თბილისი, 1978;

paragraph: BULLET::::15. თ. ჭილაძე, იაკობ ცურტაველის `შუშანიკის წამება~, თბილისი, 1978;

paragraph: BULLET::::16. ივ. ჯავახიშვილი, საისტორიო მწერლობა, გვ. 45-54;

paragraph: BULLET::::17. ნ. ჯანაშია, შუშანიკის წამება, ისტორიულ-წყაროთმცოდნეობითი გამოკვლევა, თბილისი, 1980;

paragraph: BULLET::::18. შ. ონიანი, იაკობ ხუცესის `შუშანიკის წამება”, თბილისი, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::19. Bart D Ehrman, Andrew Jacobs, editors, "Christianity in Late Antiquity, 300-450 C.E: A Reader", Oxford University Press US, pages 499-504

paragraph: BULLET::::20. Donald Rayfield, "", Routledge (UK) page 42

description: Georgian hagiographer, writer and calligrapher

wikidata_label: Iakob Tsurtaveli

wikipedia_title: Iakob Tsurtaveli


text:
1966 Trampoline World Championships
Iowa State University

categories: Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States,Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States,Pan American Games medalists in gymnastics,American female artistic gymnasts,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Donna Schaenzer

paragraph: Donna Schaenzer Kramer is a retired American artistic gymnast. She won a gold, a silver and a bronze medal at the 1967 Pan American Games, and a silver at the 1966 Trampoline World Championships. She held the national all-around title in 1963 and 1966. Between 1979 and 1985 she worked as gymnastics coach at Iowa State University.

wikidata_label: Donna Schaenzer

wikipedia_title: Donna Schaenzer


text:
third season
The Voice Thailand
Samsenwittayalai School
Apiwat Eurthavornsuk
Bad Genius
Thammasat University

categories: Thai female singers,Living people,1998 births

paragraph: Suthita Chanachaisuwan

paragraph: Suthita Chanachaisuwan (, born 28 January 1998), nicknamed Image, is a Thai singer. She became known from her participation in the third season of the singing competition "The Voice Thailand" in 2014, where she finished as first runner-up.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Suthita auditioned for "The Voice" at the age of 16, when she was studying at Samsenwittayalai School. She competed under the team of Coach Stamp (Apiwat Eurthavornsuk), of whom she was a fan, and finished as first runner-up. She has since become one of the show's better-known contestants. Following the show's conclusion, she made covers of several popular songs, collaborated with Apiwat as well as other artists, and appeared as guest singer in several concerts. She wrote and released her first single, "Not a Goodbye" (an English-language song), in 2017, and recorded "Mong Chan Tee" (Look at Me), the theme song to the film "Bad Genius", the same year. She is () currently studying economics at Thammasat University.

description: actor

wikidata_label: Suthita Chanachaisuwan

wikipedia_title: Suthita Chanachaisuwan


text: New Zealand

text: John Burton and Sons

text: Princes Street, Dunedin

text: Alfred Henry Burton

text: Burton Brothers

text: potassium cyanide

text: Alfred Henry Burton

text: Burton Brothers

categories: Suicides by cyanide poisoning,1836 births,1880 deaths

paragraph: Walter John Burton

paragraph: Walter John Burton (1836–1880) was a New Zealand nineteenth-century photographer.

paragraph: Burton was born in Leicester, England. His father, John Burton, was a prominent photographer and his firm John Burton and Sons was patronised by Queen Victoria and other members of the Royal Family.

paragraph: Burton emigrated to New Zealand in 1866 and established a photographic studio called the Grand Photographic Saloon and Gallery in Princes Street, Dunedin. The business proved so successful that he had more work than he could handle so in 1868 he asked his brother Alfred Henry Burton to emigrate and join him in the venture.

paragraph: Burton concentrated on studio portraiture while his brother travelled extensively photographing landscapes and local people. Despite their initial success, in 1877 Alfred and Walter's partnership came to an acrimonious end. Walter visited Europe to acquaint himself with new photographic developments while Alfred took over the firm.

paragraph: On his return to New Zealand in 1878 Burton established another photographic studio - again in Dunedin and again focusing on studio portraiture. This business was not as successful as Burton Brothers as he often kept his customers waiting, bungled photos so that they had to be re-shot, and frequently lost his temper. He was also a heavy drinker. The business declined and in 1880, aged forty-four, he committed suicide. It is thought that he swallowed a lethal dose of potassium cyanide, a chemical used in the photographic process.

paragraph: Though Burton was a fine portrait photographer but it was his brother Alfred Henry Burton's work in landscape and ethnographic studies that made the reputation of the Burton Brothers firm.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Burton Brothers" Tai Awatea | Knowledge Net, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by the Burton Brothers firm at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

alias:
Walter Burton
W. J. Burton

description: New Zealand photographer (1836-1880)

wikidata_label: Walter John Burton

wikipedia_title: Walter John Burton


text:
Member of Parliament
Auckland Region
Derry
compositor
Londonderry Sentinel
The Southern Cross
Auckland
Julius Vogel
New Zealand Herald
Parnell
Newton
Eden
San Francisco
public domain

categories: New Zealand editors,1893 deaths,New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates,1835 births,Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives,Kingdom of Hawaii Foreign Ministers,Irish emigrants to New Zealand,19th-century New Zealand journalists,New Zealand journalists,19th-century New Zealand politicians,Members of the Kingdom of Hawaii House of Nobles,People from Derry (city)

paragraph: Robert James Creighton

paragraph: Robert James Creighton (1835 – 22 May 1893) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament in the Auckland Region, New Zealand.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and newspaper career.

paragraph: Creighton was born in Derry, Ireland in 1835. He was an apprentice compositor with the "Londonderry Sentinel", before becoming a reporter and then member of the editorial staff of that newspaper. In the early 1860s he emigrated to New Zealand, and in 1862 became the co-owner of "The Southern Cross" newspaper in Auckland. Following that newspaper's purchase by Julius Vogel in 1868, Creighton established the short-lived "Free Press". He later served as editor of the "New Zealand Times" and the "New Zealand Herald".

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Creighton represented the Parnell electorate from 1865 to 1866, when he retired. He then represented the Newton electorate from 1869 to 1870, when he retired. He then represented the Eden electorate from 1871 to 1875, when he retired.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Creighton moved to San Francisco, where he was agent for the Government of New Zealand. During a short residence at Honolulu, he became a member of the Government of Hawaii. He died suddenly at San Francisco, leaving a widow, a son, and a daughter.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:

description: New Zealand politician

wikidata_label: Robert James Creighton

wikipedia_title: Robert James Creighton


text:
Brazil
lawyer
politician
abolitionist
Alegrete
Rio Grande do Sul
Law School of São Paulo
Alegrete
pro bono
Uruguay
Alegrete

categories: People from Rio Grande do Sul,Brazilian abolitionists,1844 births,1915 deaths

paragraph: Franklin Gomes Souto

paragraph: Franklin Gomes Souto (March 31, 1844 - September 26, 1917) was a Brazilian lawyer, politician and abolitionist from Alegrete, State of Rio Grande do Sul.

paragraph: Souto earned a degree from the Law School of São Paulo in 1865. Back to his hometown of Alegrete, he represented, "pro bono", dozens of slaves pleading for freedom in Brazilian courts. He was one of the first abolitionists to successfully claim that, under the Brazilian Slave Traffic Prohibition Law of 1831, all slaves travelling to Uruguay were immediately free upon their return to Brazil. After the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic in 1889, Souto was elected City Councillor of Alegrete.

description: Brazilian lawyer

wikidata_label: Franklin Gomes Souto

wikipedia_title: Franklin Gomes Souto


text:
Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt
International Polo Cup
Foxhall Parker Keene
Thomas Hitchcock, Sr.
Pau Grand Prix
Pau, France

categories: International Polo Cup,1910 deaths,American polo players,1848 births

paragraph: William Knapp Thorn

paragraph: William Knapp Thorn, Jr. (1848 – November 16, 1910) was an American champion polo player and the grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt. Also, he was a hunter and horse-rider. He was one of the best-known sportsmen in the United States and France.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in 1848 to Emily Almira Vanderbilt Thorn.

paragraph: He participated in the 1886 International Polo Cup with teammates Foxhall Parker Keene and Thomas Hitchcock, Sr.

paragraph: He lived in Pau where he contribute to the development of cars and motorsport in the region. He created the Automobile-club of Bearn which organised the first motor races in the southwest of France in 1899.

paragraph: This race became the famous Pau Grand Prix which is still popular today.

paragraph: He died in Pau, France on November 16, 1910.

description: American polo player

wikidata_label: William Knapp Thorn

wikipedia_title: William Knapp Thorn


text:
Marie Antoinette
Conciergerie
Breteuil
France
Paris
September Massacres
Tony Robert-Fleury
Père Lachaise Cemetery
Riyoko Ikeda
Rose of Versailles
Yolande de Polastron
Jeanne of Valois-Saint-Rémy
protagonist
Marie Antoinette
Robespierre
storming of the Bastille
Napoleon
My Friend, Marie Antoinette
Carine Adler
Lily Loveless

categories: 1848 deaths,1768 births,People of the French Revolution

paragraph: Rosalie Lamorlière

paragraph: Rosalie Lamorlière (Rosalie Lamorliere in English; March 3, 1768 - February 2, 1848) was the last servant of Marie Antoinette, while the queen was in the Conciergerie, awaiting her trial and execution.

paragraph: She was born on 19 March 1768, in Breteuil, France, to a shoemaker and his wife (who later died when Lamorlière was 12), and was one of seven siblings. Although she never married, she had a child whose father is unknown.

paragraph: Lamorlière lived some part of her life in "rue de Sèvres" in Paris. Following the September Massacres, she was engaged for work by the Richards, up until 1799.

paragraph: It is unknown what she looked like, as the only portrait known to be painted of her has been lost. Apart from that, the only other existing painting of Lamorlière is "Marie-Antoinette, le matin de son exécution", painted by Tony Robert-Fleury during the 19th century, and he had never seen her.

paragraph: Her tomb was erected by her daughter at the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

paragraph: "Rosalie Lamorlière, dernière servante de Marie-Antoinette" by Ludovic Miserole, a book on Lamorlière, was published in 2010. It is only available in French.

paragraph: Section::::Popular media.

paragraph: Riyoko Ikeda's manga and its adaptation anime Rose of Versailles features Rosalie as one of the central figures in the story which takes liberties to link her life with other characters both historical and fictional. She is depicted as the illegitimate daughter of Valois de Saint-Rémy and Yolande de Polastron, future Countess of Polignac. Secretly the 15-year-old Yolande gave Rosalie birth and got fostered by the mother of Jeanne of Valois-Saint-Rémy. After her foster mother died, Rosalie is eventually taken in by Oscar (a fictional character and the protagonist of the story), the head of the royal guards who first introduces her to the queen, Marie Antoinette. Rosalie is blackmailed by Polignac into coming to live with her after her younger sister commits suicide, to fill her place in a betrothal but runs away from Polignac and back to Paris. She marries Bernard, a follower of Robespierre, is present at the storming of the Bastille where she witnesses her old friend's death and narrates the end results of the French Revolution (including the execution of the queen) to conclude the story.

paragraph: Ikeda features Rosalie in her other manga, Eikou no Napoleon – Eroica which focuses on the life of Napoleon.

paragraph: Rosalie is the main character in the 2019 BBC radio play My Friend, Marie Antoinette, written by Carine Adler and starring Lily Loveless.

description: last servant of Marie Antoinette

wikidata_label: Rosalie Lamorlière

wikipedia_title: Rosalie Lamorlière


text:
Wetzlar
Otto I
Emich IV
Leiningen-Landeck
Adolf
the Romans
canon
Worms
Henry
Nassau-Siegen
Ginsburg
Westerwald
Emicho
Nassau-Hadamar
Hadamar
Driedorf
Nassau-Dillenburg
Herborn
Haiger
Henry I
Worms
Hachenburg
Vogt
Sayn
Burgrave
feud
Nassau family
Dernbacher Feud
Herborn
Henry II
Dernbach Castle
Otto I
Matthias
Mainz
Lower Hesse
John, Landgrave of Lower Hesse
Wetterau
Hauptmann
Gladenbach Uplands
Henry II
Wetzlar
Otto II
Orange-Nassau
Netherlands
Online
Online
Online

categories: 1328 deaths,Year of birth unknown,Counts of Nassau,House of Nassau,13th-century births

paragraph: John, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg

paragraph: John, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (died 10 August 1328, fell in battle near Wetzlar) was the third son of Count Otto I of Nassau and his wife Agnes (d. 1303), daughter of Count Emich IV of Leiningen-Landeck. John was a first cousin of King Adolf of the Romans.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Inheriting Nassau-Dillenburg.

paragraph: As a younger son, John was the initially destined for an ecclesiastical career and he became a canon in Worms. However, after his mother's death in 1303, he but left the clergy and disputed the inheritance with his brother Henry. After a lengthy dispute, the county was divided between the three surviving brothers. The oldest, Henry (d. 1343), received Nassau-Siegen with Ginsburg and the Westerwald. Emicho (d. 1334) received Nassau-Hadamar with Hadamar, Driedorf and Esterau. John received Nassau-Dillenburg with Herborn, Haiger and Beilstein. A fourth brother, Otto (d. 1302), had also been a canon at Worms, but he had already died.

paragraph: In 1306, John enfeoffed his share of the county to his eldest brother Henry, with permission of Landgrave Henry I of Hesse, with a provision that this share would fall to Henry at John's death.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Feuds.

paragraph: On 8 November 1308, John was enfoeffed by the Bishop of Worms with the Hundred of Kalenberg. Until then, the Lords of Hachenburg-Greifenstein and the Lords of Merenberg had been Vogts of the area, but John had managed to displace them. Soon afterward, on 31 March 1310, John purchased the hereditary possessions of the Lords of Merenberg in the area from Harrad VII (d. 1328), the last male member of the dynasty. These possessions included justice over Nederoth and Heimau. Count Engelbert I of Sayn, the son-in-law of the last Lord of Hachenburg-Greifenstein reached an agreement with John on 3 May 1325: with permission from his brother Henry, John enfeoffed Engelbert with territories in the counties of Dietz and Solms which had earlier been held by the Lords of Greifenstein, and in return Engelbert renounced his claims in the areas around Kalenberg and Herborn and became Burgrave of Beilstein.

paragraph: Like his father, John fought in long and bitter feuds against the local nobility, in particular the Lords of Dernbach and Bicken, to impose his sovereignty. The Nassau family had been fighting the Dernbacher Feud about property rights in the , the area around Herborn since . This feud brought John and his brother Henry in conflict with Landgrave Henry II of Hesse, who supported the Lords of Dernbach against the ambitious Counts of Nassau. The Lords of Dernbach had sold their Dernbach Castle to Henry II in 1309. On 26 June 1312, a peace treaty was signed by Landgrave Otto I of Hesse and the brothers Henry, Emicho and John of Nassau. They agreed to stop building castles against each other and the Nassaus promised not to infringe on in the rights the Lords of Dernbach and Wilnsdorf had possessed during their father's lifetime.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Feud between Mainz and Hesse.

paragraph: In 1324, Archbishop Matthias of Mainz escalated his feud against Otto I of Hesse. This feud was originally about Lower Hesse, which had been held by Otto's half-brother John, Landgrave of Lower Hesse as a fief from Mainz. When John of Lower Hesse died childless in 1311, Lower Hesse fell to Otto. The archbishops of Mainz disagreed, arguing that as John had no sons, Lower Hesse should fall back to Mainz as a completed fief.

paragraph: Matthias formed an alliance with the nobility in central Hesse and the Wetterau area, including the Nassau family. On 24 March 1327, John was appointed as Hauptmann of the Mainz-Nassau army. Later that year, he defeated the Hessian army at Seibertshausen in the Gladenbach Uplands. Landgrave Otto I died in January 1328, and his son Henry II continued the feud. On 10 August 1328, Henry II defeated the Mainz-Nassau army in a battle at Wetzlar. John fell during this battle. Matthias died four weeks later.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: As John was unmarried, his possessions fell to his surviving brothers. Initially, Henry and Emicho administered Nassau-Dillenburg jointly. Later, Emicho renounced his rights, and Henry gave Nassau-Dillenburg to his eldest son, Otto II. In 1343, Otto II also inherited Nassau-Siegen. Thus, John was the only member of the short-lived older Nassau-Dillenburg line, and Otto II found the younger Nassau-Dillenburg line. The main line of this younger Nassau-Dillenburg line died out in 1739; the cadet line Orange-Nassau still rules the Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johannes von Arnoldi, "Geschichte der Oranien-Nassauischen Länder und ihrer Regenten," vol. 3, Neue Gelehrtenbuchhandlung, Hadamar, 1799, p. 85-91, Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. Wagner: "Die Erwerbung der Herborner Mark durch die Grafen von Nassau," in: "Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung", vol. 32, 1901, Rud. Bechtold & Co, Wiesbaden, 1902, p. 26-44), Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Wagner: "Die Regentenfamilie von Nassau-Hadamar: Geschichte des Fürstenthums Hadamar", vol. 1, 2nd ed., Mechitharisten-Congregations-Buchhandlung, Vienna, 1863, Online

description: Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1303-1328)

wikidata_label: John of Nassau-Dillenburg

wikipedia_title: John, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg


text:
NEA fellowship
Pittsburgh
Transylvania University
Antioch University
Anna Akhmatova
W.S. Merwin
Walt Whitman
Pushcart Prize
Indiana Review
New Ohio Review
Mississippi Review
Nimrod
Tin House
New Ohio Review
Indiana Review
National Endowment for the Arts
Indiana Review
New Ohio Review
Tupelo Press
Georgia Writers Association

wikipedia_title:
National Endowment for the Arts
Pittsburgh
Transylvania University
Antioch University
Anna Akhmatova
W. S. Merwin
Walt Whitman
Pushcart Prize
Indiana Review
New Ohio Review
University of Southern Mississippi
Nimrod
Tin House
New Ohio Review
Indiana Review
National Endowment for the Arts
Indiana Review
New Ohio Review
Tupelo Press
Georgia Writers Association

categories: 20th-century American women writers,Writers from Pittsburgh,20th-century American poets,American women poets,21st-century American poets,University of Southern California faculty,Living people,21st-century American women writers

paragraph: Cecilia Woloch

paragraph: Cecilia Woloch is an American poet, writer and teacher, known for her work in communities throughout the U.S. and around the world. She is an NEA fellowship recipient and the author of six collections of poems, a novel, and numerous essays.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Woloch was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and grew up there and in rural Kentucky, one of seven children of a homemaker and an airplane mechanic. She earned a BA at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, and an MFA at Antioch University, Los Angeles.

paragraph: Influenced by Anna Akhmatova, W.S. Merwin, and Walt Whitman, Woloch writes lyrical poems of witness and exploration. Many of her poems arise from her extensive travels. She also writes autobiographical prose and fiction and collaborates on a regular basis with visual artists, theatre artists, musicians and dancers.

paragraph: Woloch is the author of six poetry collections, including Carpathia (2009), Late (2003), and Sacrifice (1997). Her poetry has been translated into several languages and included in anthologies such as An Introduction to the Prose Poem (2009), Best American Erotic Poems: From 1800 to the Present (2008), and 180 More: Extraordinary Poems for Every Day (2005). The text of her second book, Tsigan: The Gypsy Poem, has been adapted for multi-media presentations in the U.S., France and Poland. A chapbook of new poems, Earth, was published in early 2015, along with a novel, Sur la Route.

paragraph: Her honors include fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the California Arts Council, Chateau de La Napoule Retreat for Artists, and the Isaac W. Bernheim Foundation. She has been awarded the Pushcart Prize, the Indiana Review Poetry Prize and the New Ohio Review Poetry Prize.

paragraph: Woloch has conducted creative writing workshops for children and young people, senior citizens, inmates at a prison for the criminally insane, and residents at a shelter for homeless women and their children. She has also served on the faculties of a number of graduate and undergraduate creative writing programs. She is also the founding director of the Paris Poetry Workshop and Summer Poetry in Idyllwild. She is currently based in Milledgeville, Georgia, as a member of the Georgia College & State University faculty teaching creative writing.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Woloch has six books of poetry and a novella.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sacrifice" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tsigan: The Gypsy Poem" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Late" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Narcissus" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carpathia" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Earth" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sur la Route" (2015)

paragraph: Woloch's poetry has been widely published in such journals as "Mississippi Review", "Nimrod", "Tin House", "New Ohio Review", "Indiana Review" and "New Letters". Her essays have appeared in "Crab Orchard Review", "The New Southerner", and the "Journal of Polish American Historical Association".

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Pushcart Prize for her long poem, "Reign of Embers” in Volume One of The American Journal of Poetry, 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Literature Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two Sylvas Press Chapbook Prize, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indiana Review Prize in Poetry, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Ohio Review Prize in Poetry (First Prize), 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- USC Center for Excellence in Teaching FIUT Grant, 2007–08

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tupelo Press Snowbound Series Chapbook Award, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georgia Author of the Year, Georgia Writers Association, 2004

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cecilia Woloch's website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poetry Foundation Bio

description: American poet

wikidata_label: Cecilia Woloch

wikipedia_title: Cecilia Woloch


text: civil rights

text: Japanese American

text: Frank H. Ogawa Plaza

text: Nisei

text: Lodi, California

text: Topaz War Relocation Center

text: detain

text: World War II

text: nursery

text: Anna Eshoo

text: continental United States

text: Association of Bay Area Governments

text: Republican

text: heart surgery

text: lung cancer

text: Fukuoka, Japan

categories: History of Oakland, California,Oakland City Council members,Japanese-American internees,California politicians of Japanese descent,Japanese-American civil rights activists,People from Lodi, California,20th-century American politicians,1917 births,1994 deaths,California Republicans,American people of Japanese descent,Deaths from cancer in California,Deaths from lung cancer

paragraph: Frank H. Ogawa

paragraph: Frank Hirao Ogawa (May 17, 1917 – July 13, 1994) was a civil rights leader and the first Japanese American to serve on the Oakland City Council, of which he was a member from 1966 until his death in 1994. Upon his death, the Oakland City Council voted unanimously to rename City Hall Plaza in his honor as Frank H. Ogawa Plaza. The plaza displays a bronze bust of Ogawa.

paragraph: A Nisei, Ogawa was born in Lodi, California and never lived in Japan. Nevertheless, as Japanese Americans, Ogawa's family members were involuntarily relocated by the U.S. government to the Topaz War Relocation Center in Millard County, Utah; they were detained there for the duration of World War II. Ogawa married Grace Ogawa (née Hiruma) prior to their wartime detention and they had two children, Alan and Nancy. Nancy was born in the Topaz War Relocation Center but died at age 2.

paragraph: After the war, Ogawa returned to Oakland where he found work as a gardener. Eventually, he borrowed and saved enough money to open his own nursery.

paragraph: When Ogawa died, Congresswoman Anna Eshoo, in her "Tribute to Frank H. Ogawa", said:

paragraph: "Frank Ogawa was a remarkable person because he could take personal misfortune and turn it into a positive learning experience for himself and others. When Frank and Grace Ogawa were forced to sell their belongings and live in internment camps during World War II, they had to sleep on straw mattresses in horse stalls for six months before being

paragraph: shipped to a camp in Utah to spend another 3 1/2 years in confinement. Despite this mistreatment and injustice, he never lost faith in the United States. Just the opposite--he strived to prove his loyalty to his country and became an internationally recognized champion of Asian-Americans in the process."

paragraph: She went on to say

paragraph: "Having served five years on the Oakland Parks Commission, Frank Ogawa was elected to the city council in 1966, making him the first Japanese-American to hold a council seat in a major city in the continental United States. He held that position for 28 years until his passing -- the longest tenure in Oakland's history."

paragraph: Ogawa was a member of the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC) from 1972 to 1988, having been appointed to the Commission by the Association of Bay Area Governments.

paragraph: Ogawa served on the Bay Area Air Quality Management District Board of Directors from 1979 until 1992 when he had to retire from the Board because of health issues. He served as Chairman of the Board during most of 1987 and served as Chair and Vice-Chair of the Board's Executive Committee and Personnel Committee.

paragraph: Ogawa was a Republican. However, he never held nor was he ever a candidate for any partisan office.

paragraph: As a public official, Ogawa was known as kind, optimistic, and adept at building consensus.

paragraph: In about December 1988, Ogawa underwent successful heart surgery.

paragraph: Ogawa died in Oakland on July 13, 1994, of lung cancer. He was survived by his wife Grace and son Alan, and by two grandchildren, Courtney and Matthew.

paragraph: More than 600 people, including a representative of Oakland's sister city of Fukuoka, Japan, attended Ogawa's memorial service.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Frank H. Ogawa

wikipedia_title: Frank H. Ogawa


text:
House of Commons
Inner Temple
J.P.
High Sheriff of Gloucestershire
Member of Parliament
Gloucestershire
Sir William Wroughton
Broad Hinton
Henry

categories: 1616 deaths,1541 births,Members of the Inner Temple,High Sheriffs of Gloucestershire,English MPs 1593

paragraph: Henry Poole (died 1616)

paragraph: Sir Henry Poole (1541 – 31 August 1616) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1593.

paragraph: Poole was the son of Sir Giles Poole and his first wife. He was admitted at Inner Temple in 1562. From 1573 he was a J.P. for Gloucestershire and was an ecclesiastical commissioner in 1574.He was concerned about religious dissenters and in 1578 brought notice of a sect to the Privy Council and was directed to round them up. Before 1585 he acquired the manor of Pinbury. He was knighted in 1587 and was High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1588. He inherited the family estates on the death of his father in 1589.

paragraph: In 1593, Poole was elected Member of Parliament for Gloucestershire and was also a subsidy commissioner. He was commissioner for restraint of grain and a member of the council in marches of Wales in 1594. He was also J.P. for many border counties. In 1600 and 1601, he was ordered to send a horse for service in Ireland. He continued to acquire property, paying £1,320 for the manor and advowson of Daglingworth, and purchasing the manor of Edgworth in 1601. He was High Sheriff of Gloucestershire again in 1603. Shortly before he died he bought further lands, paying £2,600 for the manors of Cirencester Oakley, Siddington Peter and Siddington Mary.

paragraph: Poole died at the age of 76 having made the request in his will to be buried in Sapperton church, with a sum of money provided for the erection of "a comely and convenient tomb".

paragraph: Poole married Anne Wroughton, daughter of Sir William Wroughton of Broad Hinton, Wiltshire and had three sons and four daughters. His son Henry was also an MP.

description: English politician, died 1616

wikidata_label: Henry Poole

wikipedia_title: Henry Poole (died 1616)


text: Nihonga

text: Tokyo Imperial Palace

text: tsubo

text: Tatsuaki Kuroda

text: Hajime Kato

text: Menard Art Museum

text: Osaka City Museum of Modern Art

text: National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto

text: Seison Maeda

text: List of Nihonga painters

text: Artnet | Heihachiro Fukuda

categories: 1974 deaths,20th-century Japanese painters,Recipients of the Order of Culture,1892 births,People from Ōita Prefecture

paragraph: Heihachirō Fukuda

paragraph: Heihachirō Fukuda (福田平八郎, Fukuda Heihachirō) (February 28, 1892 – March 22, 1974) was a Japanese "Nihonga" painter and designer.

paragraph: He received a commission to decorate the "Take-no-ma" audience room of the Tokyo Imperial Palace, a hall that has an area of 182 square meters, or 55 "tsubo". The piece “"Take"” depicts bamboo. The hall also features works by Tatsuaki Kuroda and Hajime Kato.

paragraph: His work is a part of the collection of the Menard Art Museum, the Osaka City Museum of Modern Art, and the National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seison Maeda (1885–1977), one of the leading "Nihonga" painters

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Nihonga painters

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Japan Times | “The 120th Anniversary of the Birth of Fukuda Heihachiro: The Modern Nihonga, a Novel Sense of Design”

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artnet | Heihachiro Fukuda

alias:
Heihachirō Fukuda
Fukuda Heihachiro
Heihachiro Fukuda
Hukuda Heihatirō
Fukuda Heihachirou

description: Japanese painter

wikidata_label: Fukuda Heihachirō

wikipedia_title: Heihachirō Fukuda


text:
Blessed
Italian
Roman Catholic
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
ordained
Pope Pius IX
canon law
Padua
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
Rome
Gian Girolamo Albani
Fano
convent
Fossombrone
ordained
priesthood
Saint Lawrence of Brindisi
Bohemia
Pope Clement VIII
hernia
Lent
Pope Innocent XII
Servant of God
heroic virtue
Pope Pius VI
Venerable
Pope Pius IX
Hagiography Circle

categories: Capuchins,Italian beatified people,Italian Roman Catholic missionaries,Franciscan missionaries,1625 deaths,Venerated Catholics,17th-century Roman Catholic priests,17th-century Roman Catholics,Franciscan beatified people,16th-century venerated Christians,16th-century Italian people,16th-century Roman Catholics,1560 births,16th-century Roman Catholic priests,17th-century venerated Christians,17th-century Italian people,Italian Roman Catholic priests,People from Urbino

paragraph: Marco Passionei

paragraph: Blessed Marco Passionei (13 September 1560 – 30 April 1625) - in religion Benedetto da Urbino - was an Italian Roman Catholic and a professed member from the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. Passionei was of frail constitution which led to a number of rejections from the order but he was allowed to enter and was later ordained - he served in the missions for a period of time before his death.

paragraph: Pope Pius IX confirmed his beatification in 1867.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Marco Passionei was born on 13 September 1560 as the seventh of eleven children to the nobles Domenico Passionei and Maddalena Cibo. His parents died sometime in his childhood.

paragraph: He graduated with a doctorate in both civil and canon law in Padua in 1582 and decided to enter the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin after responding to his religious calling. He first served in Rome to the court of Cardinal Gian Girolamo Albani but realized he did not want to remain there as it did not serve his religious aspirations. Passionei was soon able to admit himself - after several rejections - to the order in Fano at the convent of Santa Caterina despite his fragile health and was placed under the direction of Father Bonaventura; he received the habit on 1 May 1584 and later professed in May 1585. He was forced to leave a few months later and moved to recuperate from stomach ailments in a convent in Fossombrone. Passionei underwent his theological formation under Father Girolamo da Castelferretti.

paragraph: Passionei was later ordained to the priesthood in 1590 and assumed the religious name of "Benedetto da Urbino". He was then sent as part of a team of missionaries in 1600 with Saint Lawrence of Brindisi to Bohemia after Pope Clement VIII ordered that missionaries be sent there to evangelize; he was stationed there until 1603. He often was troubled with leg pains and often fasted in addition to flagellating himself for half an hour and wearing a hairnet; he slept little and often on a wooden plank.

paragraph: He died on 30 April 1625 after a period of ill health. He went for an operation on a hernia in Lent but his health declined and this led to his death not long after.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: The sainthood process commenced in Urbino under Pope Innocent XII on 17 September 1796 - it granted him the title of Servant of God. His life of heroic virtue was recognized on 24 February 1798 and allowed for Pope Pius VI to confer upon him the title of Venerable. Pope Pius IX beatified him on 10 February 1867 after the recognition of two miracles attributed to his intercession.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hagiography Circle

description: Italian presbyter

wikidata_label: Benedetto da Urbino

wikipedia_title: Marco Passionei


text:
Thomas Tompion
City of London
St Magnus the Martyr
Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors
Dryden
Swift
Worshipful Company of Clockmakers
Bishopsgate
St Bartholomew the Great
St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate
Ralph Tolson

categories: English watchmakers (people),1737 deaths,1691 births,English clockmakers

paragraph: John Tolson (clockmaker)

paragraph: John Tolson (1691–1737) was an important if elusive English clockmaker and watchmaker of the early eighteenth century who, while not particularly remarkable for his invention, is noteworthy because of the fine quality of his clocks and watches. The style of his early longcase clocks owes much to Thomas Tompion, and the delicate functionality of his early longcase wheelwork echoes Tompion's standards. His short career of 22 years before an early death in 1737 makes his clocks and watches relatively rare and they can command high prices whenever outstanding examples appear at auction.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: John Tolson was born in 1691 in the City of London and was baptised on 30 November 1691 in St Magnus the Martyr. He was the eldest surviving son of John Tolson, a member of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors and his wife Alice (born in 1668) the daughter of Richard Rookes, a vintner, and Frances née Dryden and a cousin of the poets Dryden and Swift. The Tolsons are an old family originally from the West Riding of Yorkshire.

paragraph: John Tolson was apprenticed for seven years to John Rayner on 3 May 1708 in the reign of Queen Anne and became a Freeman of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers on 2 May 1715 in the first year of George I's reign. In 1717 Tolson established premises in Hand-alley (now New Street), near Bishopsgate Street, where he continued to make clocks and watches until his early death in 1737, which is no doubt why his clocks and watches are rather rare.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career and later life.

paragraph: John Tolson’s only apprentice was John Nicholson, the son of Thomas Nicholson of Stapleford Tawney, Essex, Gent, who was indentured to him for seven years on 5th May 1718. John Tolson married Mary Gillett (born in 1696 and believed to be the daughter of the Huguenot Jacques Gylet, an identification perhaps strengthened by the Huguenot watchmaker Louis Gaudin having also had premises in Hand-alley at the beginning of the 18th century) at St Bartholomew the Great on 29 November 1717, by whom he had one son, John, born in 1722 and baptised at St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate on 20 July 1722. Mary Tolson died in 1724 aged 28 and was buried at St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate on 28 September of that year. John Tolson died in Hand-alley in 1737 aged 45, and was interred with his wife at St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate on 11 June of the same year.

paragraph: The renowned clockmaker Ralph Tolson, who also died in 1737, is believed to have been his near relation.

description: Clockmaker

wikidata_label: John Tolson

wikipedia_title: John Tolson (clockmaker)


text: Alpha Suffrage Club

text: Ida B. Wells

text: Alpha Suffrage Club

text: suffragist

text: Ida B. Wells

text: Emmeline Pankhurst

text: Jane Addams

text: Alice Paul

text: Lucy Burns

paragraph: Belle Squire

paragraph: Viola Belle Squire (1870-1939) was a suffragist from Illinois who was involved in the Chicago suffrage movement and co-founded the Alpha Suffrage Club with Ida B. Wells. She was especially known for her opposition to paying taxes when women did not have a right to vote. Squire argued expecting women to pay taxes while they were not enfranchised was a form of taxation without representation.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Squire published the book "The Woman Movement in America: A short Account of the Struggle for Equal Rights" in 1911. Her goal with this publication was to share information about the complex struggle for women's suffrage and to engage her readers through her use of images alongside the text. In the preface she wrote, "I have hoped...to interest the boys and girls of the nation in this, perhaps the greatest of all movements the world has ever seen. If then by means of what I have here hastily and imperfectly written there will be a better understanding of the meaning of "Votes for Women" in the widest and most comprehensive sense, my mission will have been accomplished."

paragraph: Section::::Involvement with the Alpha Suffrage Club and the Chicago suffrage movement.

paragraph: Belle Squire was an active member of the Alpha Suffrage Club along with notable suffragist Ida B. Wells. This club was formed in 1913 and was the first suffrage organization for African American women. Both women actively campaigned for African American women voting rights and were politically connected to the national suffrage movement. On October 18, 1913 Squire signed on to a telegram to President Wilson calling on him to end the deportation order against British suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst. Dozens of Chicago women signed onto this letter, including Jane Addams. The women appealed to Wilson to "admit Mrs. Pankhurst; thus maintaining high traditions of America's devotion to liberty and right of free speech."

paragraph: Section::::1913 Washington, D.C. suffrage march.

paragraph: In 1913 Wells integrated the 1913 suffrage march in Washington affiliated with the National American Women's Suffrage Association which was organized by suffragists Alice Paul and Lucy Burns. Although Wells was told by national organizers to walk in the back of the march she refused to do so. Wells and Squire marched with the Illinois delegation and Squire was pictured wearing a "no vote no tax" sash (see picture at right).

paragraph: Section::::Opposition to taxation.

paragraph: Belle Squire's public protest against unfair taxation of women who were disenfranchised was well documented during her lifetime. In 1910 she refused to pay taxes on her Illinois property. It was also in 1910 that Squire led the "No Vote, No Tax League" and inspired at least 5,000 women in Cook County to refuse to pay their taxes. In 1912 she served as leader of the No Vote No Tax League of Illinois. She also worked with Miss Margaret Haley, also from Chicago, to organize tax resisting women. That year she was quoted as saying, "I am not a tax dodger but I announce from this time on I am and will be delinquent until, by the consent of your kind, I arrive at the full stature of adult life and am regarded as a normal human being upon whose shoulders rest part of the responsibility of political life with its privileges and duties as well. When that time comes I will cheerfully and honestly pay my share of government expenses."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Belle Squire was born in 1870 in the city of Lima, Ohio. Although Squire was unmarried she insisted on being referred to as "Mrs. Belle Squire". In 1913 numerous newspapers reported on her unique political protest noting she stated that year, "Society is an organism, a giant with hands and feet, a rudimentary brain, not much intellect and just the glimmer of a conscience. The reformers are the surgeons and the doctors. Each has his own remedy. Each believes an operation is necessary. So do I...Why should a woman remain Miss until death or marriage? The boy changes his title from master to mister as soon as he wishes--as soon as he gets into long pants and is introduced to a razor. They say it's confusing. They will not know then whether we are single or married. I don't think it is anybody's business what we are. Why should we be obliged to print our marital relations on our business cards? Men don't." Squire worked professionally as a music teacher.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: In 1924 Squire moved to France and lived there for a decade. She died at the age of 69 in 1939 and is buried in Forest Park, Illinois.

description: suffragist

wikidata_label: Belle Squire

wikipedia_title: Belle Squire


text:
Aberdeen
Marischal College
M.A.
Edinburgh University
Braemar
Church of Scotland
Fellow of the Linnean Society
lichens
St Mary's Hospital Medical School
Johann Jacob Dillenius
William Withering
Kew
William Nylander
London
synod
Ewhurst, Surrey
Epping Forest
Middlesex
Norfolk

categories: 1911 deaths,Scottish botanists,1831 births,Lichenologists

paragraph: James Mascall Morrison Crombie

paragraph: Rev. James Mascall Morrison Crombie (1831 – May 12, 1906) was a Scottish lichenologist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Crombie was born in Aberdeen sometime in 1831, and attended Marischal College. He went on to earn his M.A. from Edinburgh University. His first publication was a small volume on the natural history Braemar in 1861. In 1862, Crombie became an ordained minister in the Church of Scotland. He was named Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1869. He began to publish his accounts of British lichens in 1870.

paragraph: In 1879, Crombie was hired as a lecturer on botany at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, where he continued his studies on lichens. He determined specimens brought to him by travelers, and he delved into the herbaria of Johann Jacob Dillenius and William Withering. Many of his determinations were housed in the herbarium at Kew. Crombie, along with his friend William Nylander, rejected the symbiotic theory of lichens, which he passionate wrote about.

paragraph: In 1891, Crombie left St Mary's and moved to London. He held various positions, including clerk to the synod in England. He retired in 1903, and died at Ewhurst, Surrey, on May 12th, 1906.

paragraph: Crombie was posthumously included in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. Articles attributed to this author are designated by the initials "J. M. C."

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: Between 1861 and 1901, Crombie had over 50 published contributions on British lichens, including accounts on those of Epping Forest, Middlesex, and Norfolk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (in part)

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: 1.Crombie claims he was born in 1833, but his widow stated he was born on April 20th, 1830. Baptism records point to some time in 1831.

description: Scottish botanist

wikidata_label: James Mascall Morrison Crombie

wikipedia_title: James Mascall Morrison Crombie


text: Molossus

text: Epirus

text: Aeacid dynasty

text: Neoptolemus I

text: Olympias

text: Alexander the Great

text: Pyrrhus of Epirus

text: Neoptolemus I

text: Arybbas

text: Philip II of Macedon

text: Cleopatra

text: Pausanias of Orestis

text: Taras

text: Magna Graecia

text: Italy

text: Italic tribes

text: Lucanians

text: Bruttii

text: Samnites

text: Paestum

text: Romans

text: Heraclea

text: Terina

text: Sipontum

text: Battle of Pandosia

text: Neoptolemus

text: Livy

text: Alexander the Great

text: Roman Republic

categories: Ancient Epirotes in Macedon,4th-century BC rulers,Rulers of Ancient Epirus,370s BC births,Family of Alexander the Great,Ancient Greek generals,Courtiers of Philip II of Macedon,4th-century BC Greek people,Ancient Greeks killed in battle,Monarchs killed in action

paragraph: Alexander I of Epirus

paragraph: Alexander I of Epirus (; c. 371 BC – 331 BC), also known as Alexander Molossus (), was a king of Epirus (343/2–331 BC) of the Aeacid dynasty. As the son of Neoptolemus I and brother of Olympias, Alexander I was an uncle of Alexander the Great. He was also an uncle of Pyrrhus of Epirus.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Neoptolemus I ruled jointly with his brother Arybbas. When Neoptolemus died in c. 357 BC, his son Alexander was only a child and Arrybas became the sole king. In c. 350 BC, Alexander was brought to the court of Philip II of Macedon in order to protect him. In 342/3 in his late 20s, Philip made him king of Epirus, after dethroning his uncle Arybbas.

paragraph: When Olympias was repudiated by her husband in 337 BC, she went to her brother, and endeavoured to induce him to make war on Philip. Alexander, however, declined the contest, and formed a second alliance with Philip by agreeing to marry the daughter of Philip (Alexander's niece) Cleopatra. During the wedding in 336 BC, Philip was assassinated by Pausanias of Orestis.

paragraph: In 334 BC, Alexander I, at the request of the Greek colony of Taras (in Magna Graecia), crossed over into Italy, to aid them in battle against several Italic tribes, including the Lucanians and Bruttii. After a victory over the Samnites and Lucanians near Paestum in 332 BC, he made a treaty with the Romans. He then took Heraclea from the Lucanians, and Terina and Sipontum from the Bruttii. Through the treachery of some Lucanian exiles, he was compelled to engage under unfavourable circumstances in the Battle of Pandosia and was killed by a Lucanian. He left a son, Neoptolemus, and a daughter, Cadmea.

paragraph: In a famous passage, Livy speculates on what would have been the outcome of a military showdown between Alexander the Great and the Roman Republic. He reports that as Alexander of Epirus lay mortally wounded on the battlefield at Pandosia he compared his fortunes to those of his famous nephew and said that the latter "waged war against women".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lendering, Jona. "Alexander of Molossis". "Livius.org", 2004. Birth and kingship dates are incorrect)

description: King of Epirus (350–331 BC) of the Aeacid dynasty

wikidata_label: Alexander I of Epirus

wikipedia_title: Alexander I of Epirus


text:
Greek
Seleucid kingdom
Demetrius Soter
Demetrius II Nicator
Battle of Antioch (145 BC)
oratorio
Alexander Balus
George Frideric Handel
Smyrna
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Laodice IV
Laodice VI
Timarchus
Media
Demetrius I Soter
Roman Senate
Ptolemy Philometor of Egypt
Cleopatra Thea
Ptolemaic dynasty
Ptolemy I
Demetrius II
Battle of Antioch (145 BC)
Nabataea
List of Syrian monarchs
Timeline of Syrian history
1 Maccabees
Justin
Appian
Polybius
The Histories
Alexander Balas
Intaglio representing Alexander I

categories: Ptolemaic dynasty,2nd-century BC Seleucid rulers,Seleucid rulers,Year of birth unknown,146 BC deaths,2nd-century BC Babylonian kings,2nd-century BC rulers

paragraph: Alexander Balas

paragraph: Alexander I Theopator Euergetes, surnamed Balas (), was the ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom in 150/Summer 152 – August 145 BC. Alexander defeated Demetrius Soter for the crown in 150 BC. Ruling briefly, he lost the crown to Demetrius II Nicator during his defeat at the Battle of Antioch (145 BC) in Syria, dying shortly after.

paragraph: He is the title character of the oratorio "Alexander Balus", written in 1747 by George Frideric Handel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and reign.

paragraph: He was a native of Smyrna of humble origin, but gave himself out to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Laodice IV and heir to the Seleucid throne. Along with his sister Laodice VI, the youngster Alexander was "discovered" by Heracleides, a former minister of Antiochus IV and brother of Timarchus, an usurper in Media who had been executed by the reigning king Demetrius I Soter.

paragraph: Alexander's claims were recognized by the Roman Senate, Ptolemy Philometor of Egypt and others. He married Cleopatra Thea, a daughter of the Ptolemaic dynasty. At first unsuccessful, Alexander finally defeated Demetrius Soter in 150 BC. Being now master of the empire, he is said to have abandoned himself to a life of debauchery. Whatever the truth behind this, the young king was forced to depend heavily on his Ptolemaic support and even struck portraits with the characteristic features of king Ptolemy I.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Final battle and death.

paragraph: Demetrius Soter's son Demetrius II profited by the opportunity to regain the throne. Ptolemy Philometor, who was Alexander's father-in-law, went over to his side, and Alexander was defeated in the Battle of Antioch (145 BC) in Syria, sometimes known as the battle of the Oenoparus.

paragraph: He fled for refuge to a Nabataean prince, who murdered him and sent his head to Ptolemy Philometor, who had been mortally wounded in the engagement.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Syrian monarchs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of Syrian history

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1 Maccabees 10 ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justin xxxv. 1 and 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Appian, "Syrian Wars" (="Roman History" book 11), 67

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polybius, "The Histories" xxxiii. 14.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Balas, article in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

paragraph: BULLET::::- Intaglio representing Alexander I

description: Seleucid ruler

wikidata_label: Alexander Balas

wikipedia_title: Alexander Balas


text:
Epirus
Pyrrhus
Lanassa
Agathocles
Antigonus II Gonatas
Macedon
Macedon
Epirus
Demetrius II of Macedon
Acarnania
Aetolia
Olympias
Pyrrhus ΙΙ
Ptolemy ΙΙ
Phthia
Connop Thirlwall
Johann Gustav Droysen
Benediktus Niese
Karl Julius Beloch

categories: Pyrrhus of Epirus,Buddhism in the ancient Mediterranean,Rulers of Ancient Epirus,Year of birth unknown,3rd-century BC Greek people,3rd-century BC rulers

paragraph: Alexander II of Epirus

paragraph: Alexander II was a king of Epirus, and the son of Pyrrhus and Lanassa, the daughter of the Sicilian tyrant Agathocles.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: He succeeded his father as king in 272 BC, and continued the war which his father had begun with Antigonus II Gonatas, whom he succeeded in driving from the kingdom of Macedon. He was, however, dispossessed of both Macedon and Epirus by Demetrius II of Macedon, the son of Antigonus II; upon which he took refuge amongst the Acarnanians. By their assistance and that of his own subjects, who entertained a great attachment for him, he recovered Epirus. It appears that he was in alliance with the Aetolians.

paragraph: Alexander married his paternal half-sister Olympias, by whom he had two sons, Pyrrhus ΙΙ, Ptolemy ΙΙ and a daughter, Phthia. On the death of Alexander, around 242 BC, Olympias assumed the regency on behalf of her sons, and married Phthia to Demetrius. There are extant silver and copper coins of this king. The former bear a youthful head covered with the skin of an elephant's head. The reverse represents Pallas holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other, and before her stands an eagle on a thunderbolt.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Connop Thirlwall, "History of Greece," vol. viii

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Gustav Droysen, "Hellenismus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benediktus Niese, "Geschichte der griechischen und makedonischen Staaten"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Julius Beloch, "Griechische Geschichte" vol. iii.

description: King of Epirus

wikidata_label: Alexander II of Epirus

wikipedia_title: Alexander II of Epirus