text: Russian Revolution of 1905

text: scientific management

text: avant garde

text: Suzdal

text: Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

text: Russian Revolution of 1905

text: Kostroma

text: Yaroslavl

text: Bolshevik

text: Lenin

text: Lenin

text: Petersburg

text: Clément-Bayard

text: quality assurance

text: Citroën

text: assembly line

text: André Citroën

text: Ford

text: Syndicalism

text: trade unions

text: Circle of Proletarian Culture

text: Anatoly Lunacharsky

text: Fedor Kalinin

text: Pavel Bessalko

text: Mikhail Gerasimov

text: All-Russian Union of Metal Workers

text: 1918 Conference of the Union

text: Central Institute of Labour

text: Lenin

text: Platon Kerzhentsev

text: Moscow

text: Ustanovka

text: social enterprise

text: Proletkult

text: prose poetry

text: Verhaeren

text: Walt Whitman

text: Russian Futurists

text: industrialization

text: scientific management

text: Great Purge

text: Yuri Gastev

text: Soviet Studies

text: Slavic Review

text: The Ghost of the Executed Engineer

text: Peter Palchinsky

text: Witkin, Zara (1900-1940)

text: Alexander Dolgun

text: John H. Noble

text: Robert Robinson (engineer)

text: Thomas Sgovio

text: Victor Herman

categories: People from Suzdal,Old Bolsheviks,1882 births,Great Purge victims from Russia,1939 deaths

paragraph: Aleksei Gastev

paragraph: Aleksei Kapitonovich Gastev () (1882–1939) was a participant in the Russian Revolution of 1905, a pioneer of scientific management in Russia, a trade-union activist and an avant garde poet.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Youth of a revolutionary.

paragraph: Born to a family of a teacher and a seamstress in Suzdal, Russia, Aleksei Gastev enrolled into the Moscow Pedagogical Institute, but was expelled as a result of his participation in a revolutionary meeting. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1901. An active participant in the Russian Revolution of 1905, Gastev was the leader of a fighting squad in Kostroma and agitated workers to strike in the Northern Russian cities of Yaroslavl, Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Rostov. During this time, Gastev was closely associated with the Bolshevik faction of the Party. He frequently corresponded with Lenin and Krupskaya on matters of party policy in 1903-1904 and reported to Lenin on the general strike in Ivanovo-Voznesensk in 1905.

paragraph: As a result of his revolutionary activism, Gastev was arrested by the authorities and exiled to various parts of Northern and Eastern Russia in at least three separate incidents. He was nevertheless able to escape from his exiles each time, living illegally in Russia and usually managing to find his way abroad. In 1907 Gastev dissociated himself from the activities of the Bolshevik faction.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Industrial and trade-union work.

paragraph: From 1901 until 1917 Gastev divided his time between exiles, escapes and work in Russian or European factories. His experience as a factory worker led him to develop a rather practical approach to Marxism. Revolution for Gastev meant empowering workers by allowing them to control everyday matters related to work-processes. Gastev became involved in the work of the Petersburg Union of Metal Workers, one of the most influential trade-unions in Russia, in 1907.

paragraph: In 1908 he got work with the Vasileostovskii Trolley Depot. Here he was chosen to monitor wear and tear on the transmission belts and sprockets and analyse the repair process of the trolley cars. It was here that he first thought of developoing a "science for the social construction of enterprises".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Exile.

paragraph: In 1910 he was again arrested but when he was sent to Siberia, he escaped to Paris, where he worked for the motor-car manufacturer Clément-Bayard. Here he first became familiar with quality assurance which was carried out in a particularly thorough fashion. By 1912 he was working for Citroën where he witnessed the application of assembly line production which André Citroën was introducing following a visit to the Ford plant in the United States. At that time, he became familiar with French Syndicalism and adopted many of the views of that movement, seeing trade unions as a chief means of confronting capitalism by bringing concrete improvements into the lives of workers. By 1913 Gastev had joined the Circle of Proletarian Culture with Anatoly Lunacharsky, Fedor Kalinin, Pavel Bessalko and Mikhail Gerasimov. In 1917-1918 Gastev won election as the Chairman of the Central Committee of the newly created All-Russian Union of Metal Workers. He actively participated in the 1918 Conference of the Union.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Scientific management.

paragraph: In 1920, Gastev became the founder and Director of the Central Institute of Labour (C.I.T.) () in Moscow, which he referred to as his "last work of art". The organization of the Institute was encouraged by Lenin, who promised to allocate the initial funding of the project. The institution developed scientific approaches to work management, which in practical terms amounted to methods of training workers to perform mechanical operations in the most efficient way. Some simple repetitive operations, like the cutting of materials with a chisel, were studied in great detail. Recommendations on setting up the work processes efficiently were published.

paragraph: According to Figes (1996), Gastev "As the head of the Central Institute of Labor, established in 1920, he carried out experiments to train the workers so that they would end up acting like machines. Hundreds of identically dressed trainees would be marched in columns to their benches, and orders would be given out by buzzes from machines. The workers were trained to hammer correctly by holding a hammer attached to and moved by a hammering machine so that after half an hour they had internalized its mechanical rhythm. The same process was repeated for chiseling, filing, and other basic skills. Gastev's aim, by his own admission, was to turn the worker into a sort of 'human robot' (a word, not coincidently, derived from the Slavic noun robota meaning work). Since Gastev saw machines as superior to human beings, he thought this would represent an improvement in humanity."

paragraph: Platon Kerzhentsev criticised Gastev's Taylorist approach for adopting a "narrow base" by focusing on the worker rather than looking at the more general aspects of how production should be organised in a socialist society. In 1921 the Central Council of Scientific Organization of Labor (SOVNOT) was set up with both factions involved. In 1924 the All-Russian Scientific Management Conference was held in Moscow, where both Gastev and Kerzhentsev argued their case. The conference came down on Gastev's side, although Kerzhentsev argued that the CIT had wasted three years.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:"Ustanovka".

paragraph: In 1928, in an effort to increase the funding of the CIT, Gastev organized the "Ustanovka" ("Setup") as a social enterprise (joint-stock company) which audited the work of industrial enterprises and provided recommendations on efficient organization of their work processes on a commercial basis. Here Gastev applied his ideas on education, based on his concept of "social engineering", meaning the creation of training methods based on the physiological and psychological study of humans in the work process, using both observational and experimental methods. This led to the creation of the "setup method" ("установочный метод"), which viewed the conditioning of human faculties as a basis for reform of the educational system in its entirety. The term "setup" ("установка") implied the formation of personal automated behaviors through "biological setups", "cultural setups", etc. Gastev's methods were used in intensive trainings of qualified workers and were highly successful.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Poetry.

paragraph: Gastev's "Poeziia rabochego udara", (Poetry of the worker's blow), was the first book published by Proletkult in 1918.

paragraph: Most of Gastev's poems may be fairly labeled prose poetry. The rhythm is usually not organized enough to qualify for verse, the rhyme is absent, the poems are written in the form of prose pieces. However, the use of metaphor, lyrical expressiveness, and repetitiveness of syntax undoubtedly make Gastev a true lyrical poet, with influences ranging from Verhaeren and Walt Whitman to the Russian Futurists.

paragraph: Gastev's poetry energetically celebrates industrialization, announcing an era of a new type of human, trained by the overall mechanization of everyday life. In the 1920s Gastev abandoned his literary work completely, dedicating himself to his scientific management research. However, many of his later publications on non-poetic topics are written in the expressive language of prose poems.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Arrest and death.

paragraph: On September 8, 1938 Gastev was arrested on false charges of "counter-revolutionary terrorist activity". He was detained in a Moscow prison and sentenced to death by a speedy trial on April 14, 1939. There was no defense attorney and no possibility to appeal against the decision, as was common during the Great Purge. On April 15, 1939 Gastev was shot to death in the suburbs of Moscow.

paragraph: October 1, 1941, the date of Gastev's death given by some sources, is based on false information given by the authorities to Gastev's family prior to 1991. No reliable information about Gastev's fate after his arrest was available until the KGB archive, where the interrogation and trial documents were kept, became accessible to relatives in the early 1990s.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Legacy.

paragraph: Gastev's legacy is commemorated by the Gastev's Cup by the "Lean Forum. Lean Production Professionals" Inter-Regional Public Movement. His son Yuri Gastev was prominent soviet mathematician and dissident who eventually emigrated to the USA.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Poeziya rabochego udara" ("Поэзия рабочего удара"). Moscow. 1964, 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Kak nado rabotat?" ("Как надо работать?"). Moscow, "Ekonomika". 1966, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Trudovye ustanovki" ("Трудовые установки"). Moscow, "Ekonomika". 1973.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Johansson, Kurt. Aleksej Gastev, Proletarian Bard of the Machine Age. Stockholm, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Bailes, K.E. Alexei Gastev and the Soviet Controversy over Taylorism, 1918-1924 // Soviet Studies. Glasgow, UK. 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Maier, C.S. Between Taylorism and Technology: European Ideologies and the Vision of Industrial Productivity in the 1920s // Journal of Contemporary History. London. 1970. Vol. 5. No. 2. P. 27-61.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Sorenson J.B. The Life and Death of Soviet Trade Unionism, 1917-1928. New York, 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Williams, R.C. Collective Immortality: The Syndicalist Origins of Proletarian Culture, 1905-1910 // Slavic Review. Champaign, IL, USA. 1980. Vol. 5. No. 3. P. 389-402.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ghost of the Executed Engineer", primarily about the Russian engineer Peter Palchinsky (1875–1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An American Engineer in Stalin's Russia: The Memoirs of Zara Witkin, 1932-1934." Witkin, Zara (1900-1940).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Dolgun (1926-1986) survivor of the Soviet Gulag who returned to his native United States.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John H. Noble (1923–2007) American survivor of the Gulags

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Robinson (engineer) (1907-1994) Jamaican-born toolmaker who initially worked in the US auto industry but spent 44 years in the Soviet Union (1930-1974).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Sgovio (1916-1997) American artist, and former inmate of a Soviet GULAG camp in Kolyma

paragraph: BULLET::::- Victor Herman (1915-1985) Jewish-American initially known as the 'Lindbergh of Russia', who then spent 18 years in the Gulags of Siberia.

description: Russian trade unionist

wikidata_label: Aleksei Gastev

wikipedia_title: Aleksei Gastev


text: Belarus football

categories: FC Vitebsk players,1985 births,Expatriate footballers in Ukraine,Belarusian footballers,FC Metalurh Zaporizhya players,FC SKVICH Minsk players,FC Darida Minsk Raion players,FC Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino players,FC Dnepr Mogilev players,Belarusian expatriate footballers,FC Dinamo Brest players,Living people,Association football midfielders

paragraph: Uladzimir Maroz

paragraph: Uladzimir Maroz (; ; born 4 September 1985) is a retired Belarusian professional footballer.

description: Belarusian footballer

wikidata_label: Uladzimir Maroz

wikipedia_title: Uladzimir Maroz


text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Dominican

text: Montpellier

text: University of Montpellier

text: Italy

text: Germany

text: Pope Gregory X

text: Bishop of Albi

text: Pope Innocent V

text: Rudolf, King of the Romans

text: heresy

text: prerogatives

text: cathedral at Albi

text: Pope Boniface VIII

text: Bérenger Fredoli

text: Le Puy-en-Velay

text: Pope John XXII

text: Avignon

text: Bernard Délicieux

text: Cahiers de Fanjeaux

text: Cahiers de Fanjeaux

text: Cahiers de Fanjeaux

text: Université Lumière Lyon 2

text: résumé

categories: 14th-century French people,University of Montpellier alumni,1317 deaths,1240 births,14th-century Roman Catholic bishops,French Dominicans,French cardinals

paragraph: Bernard de Castanet

paragraph: Bernard de Castanet (c. 1240 – 14 August 1317) was a French lawyer, judge, diplomat, bishop and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

paragraph: Castanet was not a Dominican, though he had an excellent relationship with the order of the Preachers and occasionally exercised the office of inquisition as a bishop of Albi and a representative of the inquisitor of Carcassonne.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Castanet was probably born in or next to Montpellier, on the Mediterranean coast of the Midi, and obtained a law degree from the University of Montpellier. By January 1266 he was a Professor of Civil Law, Papal Chaplain, and an Auditor Causarum at the Papal Court, which at that time was settled in Perugia. In February 1267 he was a "nuntius" of the Pope, and had an appointment as Canon in the Cathedral Chapter of Orléans; during a legation in Lombardy he was ordered to find a suitable person to be Abbot of the monastery of S. Thomas at Cremona.

paragraph: He conducted diplomacy for the Church in Italy and Germany. In April 1268 he was sent to King Louis IX of France, to whom he would explain why the "legatio" to Germany ("in Teutoniam") had been postponed for so long. He was also sent to King James of Aragon, to compose matters in the struggle between the Bishop of Maguelonne and the law faculty of Montpellier over the right to grant licentiates. In 1268, while he was papal legate in the Rhineland, he necessarily became involved in the case of Archbishop-elect Henry, who had been accused before Pope Urban IV of simony, sacrilege, perjury, homicide, and other various crimes, and was named Administrator of the Diocese of Trier.

paragraph: On 9 December 1272, Pope Gregory X named Bernard de Castenet Archdeacon of Majorca, with a prebend and the office of Provost of the Cathedral Chapter of Gerona. He was not expected, of course, to appear on Majorca or visit Gerona; the positions were intended to be benefices. On 30 August 1274, he was named Archdeacon of Fenolet with a canonry and prebend in the Cathedral Chapter of Narbonne. Attached to the Archdeaconry were a prebend in the Cathedral of Orléans and the parish church of Saint-Julien de Asiliano.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Albi.

paragraph: Castanet was appointed the Bishop of Albi on 7 March 1276 by Pope Innocent V. Two days later Bishop-elect Bernard was sent as a nuncio by Pope Innocent to Rudolf, King of the Romans to persuade the King not to come to Italy just yet, but to send nuncios to work out the difficulties in their proposed treaty. On his return he was consecrated a bishop by Pope Innocent V personally. He was released from the promise to engage in an "ad limina" visit to the Papal Curia every other year by Pope John XXI on 1 December 1276.

paragraph: In his office as Bishop of Albi, Castenet engaged in a power struggle with the local landowners. He used accusations of heresy and the inquisition to control and punish those who opposed his right to arrest any citizen in the diocese and other political power prerogatives he held.

paragraph: In 1287 Castanet ordered the start of construction on a new fortress-like cathedral at Albi.

paragraph: According to Jean de Joinville, Bishop Bernard de Castanet accompanied Archbishop Guillaume de Flavacourt of Rouen to Rome to carry out the final negotiations with Pope Boniface VIII for the canonization of Louis IX of France, the grandfather of Philip IV.

paragraph: On 15 July 1304, King Philip IV wrote a letter to Bishop de Castanet, thanking him for the subsidy which he had sent in his own name and in the name of the diocese of Albi, for the supply of the army in Flanders.

paragraph: In 1307, he was accused of murder, pastoral neglect, simony, cruelty in the exercise of justice, and other offenses to the number of forty-two. The case was carried to the Papal Curia by two Canons of Albi, Sicardus Alamani and Bernardus Asturtionis. Pope Clement V assigned the case for judicial inquiry to Cardinal Bérenger Fredoli, who judged that the charges were serious enough to warrant Bishop Castanet's suspension from his temporal and spiritual authority, and to warrant the appointment of three prelates to examine witnesses on certain points set down in writing by the Cardinal. The Commission took 114 depositions, for the most part from favorers, parents of friends of "heretics". The Bishop appealed. Pope Clement then, on 27 July 1308, revoked the authority he had given to Cardinal Fredoli, and therefore to the commission, and by papal authority restored the Bishop and removed the taint of infamy which the original accusations had brought, restoring his "bona fama". On 30 July 1308 Bishop Bernard de Castanet was transferred to the diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay. He presided over that diocese until he was named a Cardinal on 18 December 1316, and promoted to the Suburbicarian Diocese of Porto.

paragraph: Section::::Cardinal Bishop of Porto.

paragraph: Pope John XXII, an old friend, made Castanet a cardinal on 17 December 1316, and he joined the Papal Curia. On 18 December, the Pope granted him the privilege (this one time) of conferring benefices in the city of Albi and the diocese of Albi, which had fallen vacant; he was also given the privilege (this one time) of having himself absolved from sentences of excommunication and irregularity. In a "privilegium" of 20 December he is called the Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina and former bishop of Albi, and given the privilege of lifting interdicts in the diocese of Albi. On 25 December, Jacques de Casalibus, who held the Provostship of the Cathedral Chapter of Albi, was granted the enjoyment of the income of his benefices for a period of five years.

paragraph: In Avignon, after the second arrest of the Spiritual Franciscan Bernard Délicieux, Cardinal Bernard wrote the first draft of his indictment. A more extensive draft was prepared by Bishop Bernard Gui, O.P., since death had claimed the Cardinal.

paragraph: Cardinal de Castenet died on 14 August 1317.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malcolm D. Lambert, "The Cathars". p. 228

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Bony, "French Gothic Architecture". p. 449-451.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Louis Biget, "Un procès d’Inquisition à Albi en 1300", in "Le crédo, la morale et l’Inquisition. Cahiers de Fanjeaux" 6, 1971, p. 273-341.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Louis Biget, "La restitution des dîmes par les laïcs dans le diocèse d'Albi à la fin du XIIIe siècle", in "Les évêques, les clercs et le roi (1250-1300). Cahiers de Fanjeaux" 7, 1972, p. 211-283.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Louis Biget, "Les cathares devant les inquisiteurs en Languedoc", "Revue du Tarn", 146, 1992, p. 227-242, reprinted in Jean-Louis Biget, "Inquisition et société en pays d'Oc, XIIIe et XIVe siècles", Toulouse, Privat (Cahiers de Fanjeaux, hors-série, 2), 2014, p. 225-238.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patrick Gilli and Julien Théry, "La vague guelfe dans l'Italie des communes urbaines après la bataille de Bénévent : une mission pontificale à Crémone et à Plaisance (1266-1267)", in "Le gouvernement pontifical et l'Italie des villes au temps de la théocratie (fin-XIIe-mi-XIVe s.)", Montpellier, Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2010, p. 113-200.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiromi Haruna-Czaplicki, "Le décor des manuscrits de Bernard de Castanet et l'enluminure toulousaine vers 1300", "Mémoires de la Société archéologique du Midi de la France", t. LXVIII, 2008, p. 227-281.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julien Théry (2000), "Les Albigeois et la procédure inquisitoire. Le procès pontifical contre Bernard de Castanet, évêque d'Albi et inquisiteur (1307-1308)", "Heresis", 33, 2000, p. 7-48, available online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julien Théry (2003), "Fama, enormia. L'enquête sur les crimes de l'évêque d'Albi Bernard de Castanet (1307-1308). Gouvernement et contestation au temps de la théocratie pontificale et de l'hérésie des bons hommes", thèse de doctorat en Histoire, Faculté de Géographie, Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Tourisme, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003, 3 vol. (résumé).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julien Théry (2001), "Une politique de la terreur : l'évêque d'Albi Bernard de Castanet (v. 1240-1317) et l'Inquisition", in "Les inquisiteurs. Portraits de défenseurs de la foi en Languedoc (XIIIe-XIVe s.)", dir. L. Albaret, Toulouse : Privat, 2001, p. 71-87, available online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julien Théry (2003),""Fama". L'opinion publique comme preuve. Aperçu sur la révolution médiévale de l'inquisitoire", in "La preuve en justice de l'Antiquité à nos jours", dir. Bruno Lemesle, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2003, p. 119-147, available online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julien Théry (2012), ""Cum verbis blandis et sepe nephandis". Une mission pontificale en Lombardie après la bataille de Bénévent (1266-1267)", in "Legati e delegati papali. Profili, ambiti d’azione e tipologie di intervento nei secoli XII-XIII", dir. Maria Pia Alberzoni, Claudia Zey, Milan, Vita & pensiero, 2012, p. 195-218, available online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julien Théry-Astruc (2014), "Luxure cléricale, gouvernement de l'Église et royauté capétienne au temps de la 'Bible de saint Louis'", "Revue Mabillon", 25, p. 165-194, at p. 174-177, online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julien Théry-Astruc (2016), « The Heretical Dissidence of the ‘Good Men’ in the Albigeois (1276-1329) : Localism and Resistance to Roman Clericalism », in « Cathars in Question », ed. by Antonio Sennis, York Medieval Press, 2016, p. 79-111, online.

description: Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Albi

wikidata_label: Bernard de Castanet

wikipedia_title: Bernard de Castanet


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Bishop (Catholic Church)

text: Diocese of Yakima

text: Washington

text: auxiliary bishop

text: Archdiocese of Seattle

text: Moses Lake, Washington

text: Blessed Sacrament School

text: St. Alphonsus Elementary School

text: Bishop Blanchet High School

text: Shoreline Community College

text: University of Washington

text: Bachelor's degree

text: Russia

text: Eastern Europe

text: editorial journalism

text: Master's degree

text: international relations

text: Jackson School of International Studies

text: Master of Divinity

text: Theological College

text: Catholic University of America

text: ordained

text: priesthood

text: Raymond Hunthausen

text: parochial vicar

text: St. James Cathedral

text: pastor

text: Monroe

text: St. Edward

text: St. George

text: St. Paul Parishes

text: chancery

text: deacon

text: seminarians

text: vocations

text: Auxiliary Bishop

text: Titular Bishop

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: episcopal consecration

text: Archbishop Alexander Brunett

text: Bishops George Thomas

text: Gustavo Garcia-Siller

text: M.Sp.S.

text: co-consecrators

text: motto

text: same-sex couples

text: superintendent

text: Catholic school

text: cyclist

text: English

text: Spanish

text: German

text: Serbo-Croatian

text: bishop

text: Diocese of Yakima

text: Carlos Arthur Sevilla

text: S.J.

text: bishop

text: bishop

text: Diocese of Yakima

text: Holy Family Parish

text: Yakima

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

categories: American Roman Catholic bishops,University of Washington alumni,1957 births,Catholic University of America alumni,People from Moses Lake, Washington,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle,Roman Catholic bishops of Yakima,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Living people

paragraph: Joseph J. Tyson

paragraph: Joseph Jude Tyson (born October 16, 1957) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who is currently the Bishop (Catholic Church) of the Diocese of Yakima, Washington. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Seattle from 2005–2011.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and priesthood.

paragraph: Joseph Tyson was born in Moses Lake, Washington, and attended Blessed Sacrament School. He graduated from St. Alphonsus Elementary School in 1971 and from Bishop Blanchet High School in 1975. He then studied at Shoreline Community College and the University of Washington, from where he obtained Bachelor's degrees in Russian and Eastern European Area Studies and editorial journalism in 1980. He earned a Master's degree in international relations from the Jackson School of International Studies in 1984, and a Master of Divinity from the Theological College of the Catholic University of America in 1989.

paragraph: Tyson was ordained to the priesthood on June 10, 1989 by Archbishop Raymond Hunthausen. He then served as parochial vicar at St. James Cathedral (1991–93), pastor of St. Mary of the Valley Parish in Monroe (1993–96), and pastor of St. Edward, St. George, and St. Paul Parishes in South Seattle (1996–2005). In addition, he has assisted chancery offices in the area of permanent deacon formation, parish experiences for seminarians, vocations, and communications.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal career.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal career.:Auxiliary Bishop of Seattle.

paragraph: On May 12, 2005, Tyson was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Seattle and Titular Bishop of "Migirpa" by Pope Benedict XVI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following June 6 from Archbishop Alexander Brunett, with Bishops George Thomas and Gustavo Garcia-Siller, M.Sp.S., serving as co-consecrators. He selected as his episcopal motto: ""Christo Lumen ad Gentes.""

paragraph: In 2007, Tyson testified at a state legislative hearing on a proposed Washington initiative to offer domestic partnership benefits to same-sex couples; he promoted broadening its provisions, a controversial strategy used elsewhere by the Catholic Church, extending the definition of partnership to relationships beyond that of unmarried couples, to prevent discrimination against an elderly parent, a sibling, housemate or another in residence thus limiting its potential affirmative impact for gay rights, consistent with the Catholic Church's long-standing position.

paragraph: He became interim superintendent of Seattle Catholic schools on July 1, 2008. He is a devoted cyclist, even receiving news of his episcopal appointment while riding his bike. In addition to his native English, he speaks Spanish, German, Vietnamese, and Serbo-Croatian.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal career.:Bishop of Yakima.

paragraph: On April 12, 2011, Tyson was appointed the seventh bishop of the Diocese of Yakima in Washington State, replacing Carlos Arthur Sevilla, S.J.,

paragraph: who served as bishop from 1996 until his retirement in 2011. Tyson was installed as bishop of the Diocese of Yakima on May 31, 2011, at Holy Family Parish in Yakima.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Yakima Official Site

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Joseph J. Tyson

wikipedia_title: Joseph J. Tyson


text:
Russian Orthodox
Sergius of Radonez
River Obnora
angel
article from a website about Saints

categories: Russian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church,1479 deaths,Angelic visionaries,Year of birth unknown

image: 512px-Сильвестр_Обнорский_пелена.jpg

paragraph: Sylvester of the River Obnora

paragraph: Sylvester of the River Obnora (died 25 April 1479), also known as Sylvester of Obnorsk, was a Russian Orthodox hermit who is recognized as a saint. Sylvester was inspired by the teachings of Sergius of Radonez. He was trained at Trinity Monastery. Sylvester then went as a hermit to live along the banks of the River Obnora, living on either herbs or tree bark and roots. He nearly died but is said to have received sustenance from an angel that saved him. Later others joined him and he established a monastery.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walsh, Michael. "A New Dictionary of Saints". (Liturgical Press, 2007) p. 567

paragraph: BULLET::::- article from a website about Saints

description: Russian Orthodox Hermit

wikidata_label: Sylvester of the River Obnora

wikipedia_title: Sylvester of the River Obnora


text: acting Governor

text: Michigan Territory

text: Secretary of Wisconsin Territory

text: Warrenton, Virginia

text: Middleburg, Virginia

text: Scottish Presbyterian

text: Washington and Jefferson College

text: Washington County, Pennsylvania

text: Virginia

text: Fauquier

text: Loudoun

text: Rappahannock

text: James Watson

text: U.S. Senator

text: Andrew Jackson

text: Michigan Territory

text: Stevens T. Mason

text: Northwest Ordinance

text: U.S. Congress

text: Ohio

text: Toledo War

text: slave state

text: free states

text: Toledo Strip

text: Enabling Act

text: Henry Dodge

text: Charles Dunn

text: William C. Frazer

text: David Irvin

text: Green Bay

text: Green Lake County

text: Marquette County

text: Ripon, Wisconsin

text: Ripon College

text: John Scott Horner House

text: National Register of Historic Places

text: Ripon

text: Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin

text: interred

text: The Rump Council

categories: Wisconsin state court judges,1802 births,Politicians from Green Bay, Wisconsin,Governors of Michigan Territory,1883 deaths,People from Ripon, Wisconsin,Secretaries of State of Wisconsin,Washington & Jefferson College alumni,People from Warrenton, Virginia,Ripon College (Wisconsin)

paragraph: John S. Horner

paragraph: John Scott Horner also known as Little Jack Horner (December 5, 1802 – February 3, 1883) was a U.S. politician, Secretary and acting Governor of Michigan Territory, 1835–1836 and Secretary of Wisconsin Territory, 1836–1837.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Horner was born in what is now Warrenton, Virginia, the third of eight children of Gustavus Brown Horner and Frances Harrison Scott Horner. He attended a private boarding school near Middleburg, Virginia run by a Scottish Presbyterian clergyman. He attended Washington College (now known as Washington and Jefferson College) in Washington County, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1819. He then studied law, was admitted to the bar in Virginia and maintained a successful private practice in Fauquier, Loudoun, and Rappahannock counties. In October, 1834, Horner married Harriet L. Watson, the daughter of James Watson, U.S. Senator from New York.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: On August 15, 1835, President Andrew Jackson appointed Horner to be Secretary (and acting Governor) of the Michigan Territory, replacing the popular Stevens T. Mason. The circumspect Horner knew he was entering office in a volatile situation.

paragraph: Michigan had satisfied all the requirements set out in the Northwest Ordinance to become a state, however the U.S. Congress had repeatedly rejected or ignored Michigan's petition for statehood. The rejection was related to two very contentious issues:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. There was an acrimonious border dispute with the state of Ohio, which became known as the Toledo War.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Southern slave states were reluctant to increase the number of northern free states.

paragraph: Jackson, facing reelection in 1836, did not want to alienate Ohio, with its many electoral votes. So he removed the popular Mason from office. Mason was agitating for statehood and was, at that time, unyielding in demands regarding the Toledo Strip. At Mason's urging, Michigan had drafted a constitution on its own without the sanction of an Enabling Act from Congress. The people adopted the constitution in October 1835 and at the same time elected Mason as governor along with a full slate of state officials (the state government was not recognized by Congress until 1837, when Michigan became a state).

paragraph: So Horner had to appease irate Ohioans as well as deal with an unauthorized, but popular local government that undermined his own authority as Territorial Governor. Horner was at least partially successful, in that he helped to avert violence (aside from some minor scuffles) and persuaded both parties to wait for the upcoming session of Congress to propose a resolution. Despite heading alternate governments, there was little disagreement between Mason and Horner, with Horner mostly staying out of the way in local politics.

paragraph: In August 1835, while Michigan prepared itself for statehood, Mason had separated all of the territory which was not going to be part of the state into a separate jurisdiction in order to provide some continuity in governance. Horner had replaced Mason as Territorial Secretary in the interim and was to assume responsibility for the western territory. But he was delayed for various reasons and the western area had its own government for a time without any official representative of the federal government. Congress organized the Wisconsin Territory on July 3, 1836 and Horner assumed the office of Secretary, leaving the "de facto", if unrecognized, government of the state of Michigan to Mason.

paragraph: As Secretary of the Wisconsin Territory, Horner's first acts were to administer the oaths of office to Governor Henry Dodge and the judges of the supreme court with Charles Dunn as chief justice, and William C. Frazer and David Irvin as associate justices.

paragraph: In June 1837, Jackson transferred Horner to the become Register of the Green Bay Land Office. Horner resisted requests by friends and relatives to move back east to Virginia, and in 1847, Horner moved to a farm on the south shore of Green Lake in present-day Green Lake County. In 1849, he was elected probate judge for Marquette County (which then included Green Lake County). He held this office until the court was abolished in 1854.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Horner was one of the original settlers of the present day city of Ripon, Wisconsin. In 1851, Horner also helped establish Ripon College. His former home, now known as the John Scott Horner House, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Horner died in Ripon in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, at the age of eighty. He is interred at Hillside Cemetery, Ripon, Wisconsin.

paragraph: Section::::Family life.

paragraph: He married Harriet L. Watson (1805–1883) in October 1834, who died two months after him in Ripon.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Scott Horner: A Biographical Sketch

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rump Council

description: American judge

wikidata_label: John S. Horner

wikipedia_title: John S. Horner


text: Rotterdam

text: The Fable of the Bees

text: Rotterdam

text: Netherlands

text: Erasmus

text: Rotterdam

text: Leiden University

text: Cartesian

text: automatism

text: Costerman tax riots

text: Lord Macclesfield

text: Joseph Addison

text: influenza

text: Hackney

text: Huguenot

text: doggerel

text: Bishop Berkeley

text: William Law

text: Tories

text: John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough

text: War of the Spanish Succession

text: Grand Jury

text: Middlesex

text: Archibald Campbell

text: St Andrews

text: Alexander Innes

text: John Brown

text: Francis Hutcheson

text: virtue

text: rational

text: state

text: vice

text: capital (economics)

text: Adam Smith

text: laissez-faire

text: Fable of the Bees

text: self-love

text: Hobbes

text: hypocrisy

text: paradox

text: libertine

text: Restoration

text: brothel

text: A Modest Proposal

text: division of labour

text: Adam Smith

text: morality

text: human nature

text: a priori

text: jurist

text: Henry Maine

text: conscience

text: self-preservation

text: Shaftesbury

text: Helvétius

text: Friedrich Hayek

text: Austrian economics

text: Law, Legislation and Liberty

text: Aesop

text: "Typhon: a Burlesque Poem" (1704)

text: "The Virgin Unmasked" (1709

text: Johnson

text: Locke

text: Sydenham

text: The Fable of the Bees

text: Multiple formats at Ex-Classics

text: Tyburn

text: Fable

text: Physician writer

text: Alexander Bain

text: Windelband, W.

text: Project Bernard Mandeville

text: Bernard Mandeville

text: Summary of his life

text: Entry in the Literary Encyclopedia

categories: Dutch economists,17th-century Dutch political theorists,1733 deaths,1670 births,18th-century English writers,18th-century philosophers,Dutch physicians,English philosophers,17th-century Dutch philosophers,Leiden University alumni,18th-century Dutch philosophers,17th-century Dutch economists,Dutch satirists,18th-century male writers,18th-century economists,English economists,People from Rotterdam,English satirists,Scientists from Rotterdam

paragraph: Bernard Mandeville

paragraph: Bernard Mandeville, or Bernard de Mandeville (; 15 November 1670 – 21 January 1733), was an Anglo-Dutch philosopher, political economist and satirist. Born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, he lived most of his life in England and used English for most of his published works. He became famous for "The Fable of the Bees".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Mandeville was born on 15 November 1670, at Rotterdam in the Netherlands, where his father was a prominent physician. On leaving the Erasmus school at Rotterdam he showed his ability by an "Oratio scholastica de medicina" (1685), and at Leiden University in 1689 he produced the thesis "De brutorum operationibus", in which he advocated the Cartesian theory of automatism among animals. In 1691 he took his medical degree, pronouncing an inaugural disputation, "De chylosi vitiata". He moved to England to learn the language, and succeeded so remarkably that many refused to believe he was a foreigner. His father had been banished from Rotterdam in 1693 for involvement in the Costerman tax riots on 5 October 1690; Bernard himself may well have been involved.

paragraph: As a physician Mandeville was well respected and his literary works were successful as well. His conversational abilities won him the friendship of Lord Macclesfield (chief justice 1710–1718), who introduced him to Joseph Addison, described by Mandeville as "a parson in a tye-wig." He died of influenza on 21 January 1733 at Hackney, aged 62.

paragraph: There is a surviving image of Mandeville but many details of his life still have to be researched. Although the name Mandeville suggests a French (possibly Huguenot) origin, his ancestors had lived in the Netherlands since at least the 16th century.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:"Fable of the Bees".

paragraph: In 1705 he published a poem under the title "The Grumbling Hive, or Knaves Turn'd Honest" (two hundred doggerel couplets). In 1714 it was republished as an integral part of the "Fable of the Bees: or, Private Vices, Public Benefits", consisting of a prose commentary, called "Remarks", and an essay, "An Enquiry into the Origin of Moral Virtue". In 1723 a later edition appeared, including "An Essay on Charity and Charity Schools", and "A Search into the Nature of Society". It was vigorously combatted by, among others, Bishop Berkeley and William Law, author of "The Serious Call", and in 1729 was made the subject of a prosecution for its immoral tendency. This essay criticised the charity schools, designed to educate the poor and, in doing so, instil virtue in them. Mandeville disagreed with the idea that education adds virtue because he did not believe that evil desires existed only in the poor, but rather he saw the educated and wealthy as much more crafty. Mandeville also believed that educating the poor increased their desires for material things, defeating the purpose of the school and making it more difficult to provide for them.

paragraph: The book was primarily written as a political satire on the state of England in 1705, when the Tories were accusing John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and the ministry of advocating the War of the Spanish Succession for personal reasons.

paragraph: In "The Grumbling Hive" Mandeville describes a bee community thriving until the bees are suddenly made honest and virtuous. Without their desire for personal gain their economy collapses and the remaining bees go to live simple lives in a hollow tree, thus implying that without private vices there exists no public benefit.

paragraph: The edition of 1723 was presented as a nuisance by the Grand Jury of Middlesex, was denounced in the "London Journal" by "Theophilus Philo-Britannus," and was attacked by many writers, notably by Archibald Campbell (1691–1756) of St Andrews in his "Aretelogia" (published as his own by Alexander Innes in 1728; afterwards by Campbell, under his own name, in 1733, as "Enquiry into the Original of Moral Virtue"). The "Fable" was reprinted in 1729, a ninth edition appeared in 1755, and it has often been reprinted in more recent times. Berkeley attacked it in the second dialogue of the "Alciphron" (1732) and John Brown criticised him in his "Essay upon Shaftesbury's Characteristics" (1751). Francis Hutcheson also denounced Mandeville, initially declaring "The Fable" to be "unanswerable"―that is, too absurd for comment. Hutcheson argued in response that pleasure consisted in "affection to fellow creatures", and not the hedonistic pursuit of bodily pleasures. He also disagreed with Mandeville's notion of luxury, which he believed depended on too austere a notion of virtue.

paragraph: Section::::Ideas.

paragraph: Mandeville's philosophy gave great offence at the time, and has always been stigmatised as false, cynical and degrading. His main thesis is that the actions of men cannot be divided into lower and higher. The higher life of man is a mere fiction introduced by philosophers and rulers to simplify government and the relations of society. In fact, virtue (which he defined as "every performance by which man, contrary to the impulse of nature, should endeavour the benefit of others, or the conquest of his own passions, out of a rational ambition of being good") is actually detrimental to the state in its commercial and intellectual progress. This is because it is the vices (i.e., the self-regarding actions of men) which alone, by means of inventions and the circulation of capital (economics) in connection with luxurious living, stimulate society into action and progress.

paragraph: Section::::Ideas.:Private vice, public benefit.

paragraph: Mandeville concluded that vice, at variance with the "Christian virtues" of his time, was a necessary condition for economic prosperity. His viewpoint is more severe when juxtaposed to Adam Smith's. Both Smith and Mandeville believed that individuals' collective actions bring about a public benefit. However, what sets his philosophy apart from Smith's is his catalyst to that public benefit. Smith believed in a virtuous self-interest which results in invisible co-operation. For the most part, Smith saw no need for a guide to garner that public benefit. On the other hand, Mandeville believed it was vicious greed which led to invisible co-operation if properly channelled. Mandeville's qualification of proper channelling further parts his philosophy from Smith's "laissez-faire" attitude. Essentially, Mandeville called for politicians to ensure that the passions of man would result in a public benefit. It was his stated belief in the "Fable of the Bees" that "Private Vices by the dextrous Management of a skilful Politician may be turned into Publick Benefits".

paragraph: In the "Fable" he shows a society possessed of all the virtues "blest with content and honesty," falling into apathy and utterly paralysed. The absence of self-love (cf. Hobbes) is the death of progress. The so-called higher virtues are mere hypocrisy, and arise from the selfish desire to be superior to the brutes. "The moral virtues are the political offspring which flattery begot upon pride." Similarly he arrives at the great paradox that "private vices are public benefits".

paragraph: Among other things, Mandeville argues that the basest and vilest behaviours produce positive economic effects. A libertine, for example, is a vicious character, and yet his spending will employ tailors, servants, perfumers, cooks, prostitutes. These persons, in turn, will employ bakers, carpenters, and the like. Therefore, the rapaciousness and violence of the base passions of the libertine benefit society in general. Similar satirical arguments were made by the Restoration and Augustan satirists. A famous example is Mandeville's "Modest Defence of Publick Stews," which argued for the introduction of public, state-controlled brothels. The 1726 paper acknowledges women's interests and mentions e.g. the clitoris as center of the female sexual pleasure. Jonathan Swift's 1729 satire A Modest Proposal is probably an allusion to Mandeville's title.

paragraph: Mandeville was an early describer of the division of labour, and Adam Smith makes use of some of his examples.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: While the author probably had no intention of subverting morality, his views of human nature were seen by his critics as cynical and degraded. Another of his works, "A Search into the Nature of Society" (1723), appended to the later versions of the "Fable", also startled the public mind, which his last works, "Free Thoughts on Religion" (1720) and "An Enquiry into the Origin of Honour and the Usefulness of Christianity" (1732) did little to reassure. The work in which he approximates most nearly to modern views is his account of the origin of society. His "a priori" theories should be compared with the jurist Henry Maine's historical inquiries ("Ancient Law"). He endeavours to show that all social laws are the crystallised results of selfish aggrandizement and protective alliances among the weak. Denying any form of moral sense or conscience, he regards all the social virtues as evolved from the instinct for self-preservation, the give-and-take arrangements between the partners in a defensive and offensive alliance, and the feelings of pride and vanity artificially fed by politicians, as an antidote to dissension and chaos.

paragraph: Mandeville's ironic paradoxes are interesting mainly as a criticism of the "amiable" idealism of Shaftesbury, and in comparison with the serious egoistic systems of Hobbes and Helvétius.

paragraph: Mandeville's ideas about society and politics were praised by Friedrich Hayek, a proponent of Austrian economics, in his book "Law, Legislation and Liberty".

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aesop Dress'd, or a Collection of Fables writ in Familiar Verse" (1704)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Typhon: a Burlesque Poem" (1704)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Planter's Charity" (1704)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Virgin Unmasked" (1709, 1724, 1731, 1742), a work in which the coarser side of his nature is prominent

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Treatise of the Hypochondriack and Hysterick Passions" (1711, 1715, 1730 (the issue of 1730 was entitled "A Treatise of the Hypochondriack and Hysterick Diseases")) admired by Johnson (Mandeville here protests against speculative therapeutics, and advances fanciful theories of his own about animal spirits in connection with "stomachic ferment": he shows a knowledge of Locke's methods, and an admiration for Sydenham)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fable of the Bees" (1714, 1724)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mischiefs that Ought Justly to be Apprehended from a Whig-Government" (1714)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Free Thoughts on Religion, the Church, and National Happiness" (1720, 1721, 1723, 1729)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Modest Defence of Publick Stews" (1724, 1740) Multiple formats at Ex-Classics

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Enquiry into the Causes of the Frequent Executions at Tyburn" (1725)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Enquiry into the Origin of Honour, and the Usefulness of Christianity in War" (1732)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Letter to Dion, occasioned by his book called Alciphron or the Minute Philosopher" (1732)

paragraph: Other works attributed, wrongly, to him are "The World Unmasked" (1736) and "Zoologia medicinalis hibernica" (1744).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fable

paragraph: BULLET::::- Physician writer

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- in the appended "A Search into the Nature of Society."

paragraph: BULLET::::- , footnote to page 27, section I.ii.3

paragraph: BULLET::::- This source cites:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hill, "Boswell", iii, 291–93;

paragraph: BULLET::::- L. Stephen, "English Thought in the Eighteenth Century";

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexander Bain, "Moral Science", 593–98;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Windelband, W., "History of Ethics" (English translation Tufts);

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.M. Robertson, "Pioneer Humanists" (1907);

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. Sakmann, "Bernard de Mandeville und die Bienenfabel-Controverse" (Freiburg i/Br., 1897), and compare articles

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Project Bernard Mandeville – in Dutch, but with some English translations and many biographical details.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard Mandeville – Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article by Peggy Vandenberg & Abigail DeHart.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Summary of his life. Includes a link to the 1705 poem "The Grumbling Hive"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry in the Literary Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- The thoughts of Bernard Mandeville, website by Oldmaster

paragraph: BULLET::::- Included in a "History of Vegetarianism"

paragraph: BULLET::::-  A scholarly bibliography by Charles W. A. Prior.

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Several downloads of works by Mandeville, including "The Fable of the Bees"

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Text of "The Fable of the Bees", plus Mandeville on 'Moral Virtue'.

description: Anglo-Dutch writer and physician

enwikiquote_title: Bernard Mandeville

wikidata_label: Bernard Mandeville

wikipedia_title: Bernard Mandeville


text: Ilkhanate

text: Persian Jew

text: Hamadan

text: Islam

text: vizier

text: Ghazan

text: Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh

text: Mongol Empire

text: Öljaitü

text: Rab'-e Rashidi

text: Tabriz

text: Hamadan Province

text: Hulagu Khan

text: apothecary

text: Abaqa Khan

text: Grand Vizier

text: Soltaniyeh

text: Qazvin

text: vizier

text: Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan

text: Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din

text: Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh

text: Mongols

text: Adam

text: Bolad

text: Borjigin

text: scriptorium

text: Rab'-e Rashidi

text: Qazvin

text: Genghis Khan

text: Möngke Khan

text: Ata-Malik Juvayni

text: Genghis Khan

text: Altan Debter

text: Persian

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Renaissance

text: Isol the Pisan

text: Dominican friars

text: mappae mundi

text: Italian

text: mariners

text: Martin of Opava

text: Chinese

text: Feng Dao

text: Encyclopædia Iranica

text: David Morgan

text: Timurid

text: fahlavīyāt

text: Sa'd al-Dawla

text: 'Ali Shah

text: Timur

text: Miran Shah

text: List of Muslim historians

text: List of Persian scientists and scholars

text: Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din

categories: People of the Ilkhanate,People involved in plagiarism controversies,Physicians of medieval Islam,1247 births,1318 deaths,Historians of Mongolia,13th-century Jews,Iranian historians,Muslims of Jewish descent,Medieval Persian physicians,Converts to Islam from Judaism,14th-century historians,Medieval Jewish physicians of Persia,13th-century Iranian people,Iranian people of Jewish descent,Persian people of Jewish descent,14th-century physicians,Iranian inventors

paragraph: Rashid-al-Din Hamadani

paragraph: Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb (), also known as Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī (, 1247–1318), was a statesman, historian and physician in Ilkhanate-ruled Iran. He was born into a Persian Jewish family from Hamadan.

paragraph: Having converted to Islam by the age of 30, Rashid al-Din became the powerful vizier of the Ilkhan, Ghazan. Later he was commissioned by Ghazan to write the "Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh", now considered the most important single source for the history of the Ilkhanate period and the Mongol Empire. He retained his position as a vizier until 1316.

paragraph: After being charged with poisoning the Ilkhanid king Öljaitü, he was executed in 1318.

paragraph: Historian Morris Rossabi calls Rashid-al-Din "arguably the most distinguished figure in Persia during Mongolian rule". He was a prolific author and established the Rab'-e Rashidi academic foundation in Tabriz.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Rashid al-Din was born into a Persian Jewish family in Hamadan, now in Hamadan Province. His grandfather had been a courtier to the founder Ilkhanate ruler Hulagu Khan, and Rashid al-Din's father was an apothecary at the court. He converted to Islam around the age of thirty.

paragraph: Rashid was trained as a physician and started service under Hulagu's son, Abaqa Khan. He rose to become the Grand Vizier of the Ilkhanid court at Soltaniyeh, near Qazvin. He served as vizier and physician under the Ilkhanate emperors Ghazan and Öljaitü before falling to court intrigues during the reign of Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, whose ministers had him killed at the age of seventy. His son, Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din, briefly served as vizier after him.

paragraph: Section::::"Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh".

paragraph: The "Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh" ("Compendium of Chronicles") was commissioned by Ghazan and initially was a history of the Mongols and their dynasty, but gradually expanded to include the entire history since the time of Adam to Rashid al-Din's time.

paragraph: Rashid was assisted by Bolad, a Mongol nobleman who was the emissary of the Great Khan to the Ilkhanid court. Bolad provided him with much background about Mongol history, especially about the Borjigin clan.

paragraph: The "Compendium" was completed between 1307 and 1316, during the reign of Öljaitü.

paragraph: Section::::"Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh".:Calligraphy workshop: Rab' i-Rashidi.

paragraph: The work was executed at the elaborate scriptorium Rab'-e Rashidi at Qazvin, where a large team of calligraphers and illustrators were employed to produce lavishly illustrated books. These books could also be copied, while preserving accuracy, using a printing process imported from China.

paragraph: The work was at the time of completion, , of monumental size. Several sections have not survived or been discovered. Portions of the "Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh" survive in lavishly illustrated manuscripts, believed to have been produced during his lifetime and perhaps under his direct supervision at the Rab'-e Rashidi workshop.

paragraph: Section::::"Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh".:Historiographical significance.

paragraph: Volumes I and II of the "Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh" have survived and are of great importance for the study of the Ilkhanate. Volume I is "contains the history of the Turkish and Mongol tribes, including their tribal legends, genealogies, myths and the history of the Mongol conquests from the time of Genghis Khan to the end of the reign of Ghazan Khan" while volume II describes "the history of all the peoples with whom the Mongols had fought or with whom they had exchanged embassies". In his narration down to the reign of Möngke Khan (1251–1259), Ata-Malik Juvayni was Rashid al-Din's main source; however, he also utilized numerous now-lost Far Eastern and other sources. The "Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh" is perhaps the single most comprehensive Persian source on the Mongol period. For the period of Genghis Khan, his sources included the now lost "Altan Debter" ("Golden Book"). His treatment of the Ilkhanid period seems to be biased, as he himself was a high official, yet it is still seen as the most valuable written source for the dynasty.

paragraph: The third volume is either lost or was never completed; its topic was "historical geography".

paragraph: The most important historiographic legacy of the "Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh" may be its documentation of the cultural mixing and ensuing dynamism that led to the greatness of the Persian and Ottoman Empires, many aspects of which were transmitted to Europe and influenced the Renaissance. This was the product of the geographical extension of the Mongol Empire, and is most clearly reflected in this work by Rashid al-Din. The text describes the different peoples with whom the Mongols came into contact and is one of the first attempts to transcend a single cultural perspective and to treat history on a universal scale. The "Jāmiʿ" attempted to provide a history of the whole world of that era, though many parts are sadly lost.

paragraph: One of the volumes of the "Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh" deals with an extensive "History of the Franks" (1305/1306), possibly based on information from Europeans working under the Ilkhanates such as Isol the Pisan or the Dominican friars, which is a generally consistent description with many details on Europe's political organization, the use of "mappae mundi" by Italian mariners and regnal chronologies derived from the chronicle of Martin of Opava (d. 1278).

paragraph: Section::::"Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh".:Book transmission: printing and translation.

paragraph: Rashid al-Din also collected all of his compositions into a single volume, entitled "Jami' al-Tasanif al-Rashidi" ("The Collected Works of Rashid"), complete with maps and illustrations. He even had some of his shorter works, on medicine and government, translated into Chinese. Anyone who wished was given access to his works and encouraged to copy them. In order to facilitate this, he set aside a fund to pay for the annual transcription of two complete manuscripts of his works, one in Arabic and one in Persian.

paragraph: The printing process used at the workshop has been described by Rashid al-Din, and bears very strong resemblance to the processes used in the large printing ventures in China under Feng Dao (932–953):

paragraph: Section::::"Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh".:Authorship and plagiarism accusations.

paragraph: The authorship of the "Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh" has been questioned on several grounds.

paragraph: Abu al-Qasim Kashani (d. 1324), who wrote the most important extant contemporary source on Öljaitü, maintained that he himself was the true author of the "Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh", "for which Rashid al-Din had stolen not only the credit but also the very considerable financial rewards."

paragraph: According to "Encyclopædia Iranica", "While there is little reason to doubt Rašid-al-Din’s overall authorship of the "Jāmeʿ al-tawāriḵ", the work has generally been considered a collective effort, partly carried out by research assistants." Kashani may have been one of those assistants.

paragraph: Some also contended that it was a translation of a Mongol original.

paragraph: Section::::Authorship of his "Letters".

paragraph: Scholars are in dispute about whether Rashid al-Din's "Letters" are a forgery or not. According to David Morgan in "The Mongols", Alexander Morton has shown them to be a forgery, probably from the Timurid period. One scholar who has attempted to defend the letters' authenticity is Abolala Soudovar.

paragraph: Section::::Fahlavi poems.

paragraph: There are some fahlavīyāt by him apparently in his native dialect: a hemistich called "zabān-e fahlavī" (1976, I, p. 290), a quatrain with the appellation "bayt-efahlavī", and another hemistich titled "zabān-e pahlavī" ("Fahlavi language").

paragraph: Section::::Loss of influence and death.

paragraph: In 1312, his colleague Sa'd al-Dawla fell from power and was replaced by 'Ali Shah. Then, in 1314, Öljaitü died and power passed to his son, Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, who sided with 'Ali Shah. In 1318, Rashid al-Din was charged with having poisoned Öljaitü and was executed on July 13, at the age of seventy. His Jewish ancestry was referenced numerous times in the court. His head was carried around the city after the execution and people were chanting: "This is the head of the Jew who abused God's name, may God's curse be upon him."

paragraph: His property was confiscated and "Rab'-e Rashidi", with its scriptorium and its precious copies, were turned over to the Mongol soldiery. A century later, during the reign of Timur's son Miran Shah, Rashid al-Din's bones were exhumed from the Muslim cemetery and reburied in the Jewish cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::National and political thoughts.

paragraph: Rashid al-din was an Iranian patriot and also an admirer of the Iranian state traditions. The name of "Iran" is mentioned in his "Jami' al-tawarikh", and he showed dislike for Mongols (whom he refers to as Turks).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Muslim historians

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Persian scientists and scholars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din, his son

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Mongol siege of Mosul from a manuscript of Rashid Al-Din's "Jami' Al-Tawarikh", 14th century

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rashid al-din Hamadani's "Illustrated History of the World" in digitised book form from the University of Edinburgh

description: Persian physician

wikidata_label: Rashid-al-Din Hamadani

wikipedia_title: Rashid-al-Din Hamadani


text: Rotterdam

text: breaststroke

text: swimmer

text: Netherlands

text: Summer Olympics

text: Atlanta, Georgia

text: Trieste, Italy

text: 2004 Summer Olympics

text: List of Dutch records in swimming

text: Dutch Olympic Committee

text: Profile in Zwemkroniek (in Dutch)

categories: Sportspeople from Rotterdam,Olympic swimmers of the Netherlands,Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics,Dutch female swimmers,Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics,1977 births,European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming,Living people

paragraph: Madelon Baans

paragraph: Madelon Baans (born 8 October 1977 in Rotterdam) is a retired female breaststroke swimmer from the Netherlands, who competed for her native country in three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia. She made her last international appearance at the European Short Course Swimming Championships 2005 in Trieste, Italy.

paragraph: Baans is 49 time Dutch national champion (24 on long course), current Dutch national record holder at the 100 m breaststroke in either the short course (25 m) and long course (50 m). During the 2004 European Championships in Madrid, she won the bronze medal as being part of the 4×100 m medley, in the same year she reached the final at the 2004 Summer Olympics on the same discipline. She announced her retirement in November 2006.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Dutch records in swimming

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dutch Olympic Committee

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile in Zwemkroniek (in Dutch)

description: swimmer

wikidata_label: Madelon Baans

wikipedia_title: Madelon Baans


text: AC

text: OBE

text: classical

text: Chatswood

text: Sydney

text: New South Wales State Conservatorium of Music

text: Eugene Goossens

text: Alexander Sverjensky

text: Raymond Hanson

text: ABC Instrumental and Vocal Competition

text: David Helfgott

text: San Francisco State University

text: J.S. Bach

text: The Well-Tempered Clavier

text: Gould

text: Barenboim

text: Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue

text: Fryderyk Chopin

text: Short biography

text: Roger Woodward Homepage

categories: Chatswood, New South Wales,1942 births,Sydney Conservatorium of Music alumni,San Francisco State University faculty,Companions of the Order of Australia,Australian classical pianists,Australian Living Treasures,Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres,People from Sydney,Living people,Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire

paragraph: Roger Woodward

paragraph: Roger Woodward AC OBE (born 20 December 1942) is an Australian classical concert pianist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Woodward was born in 1942 in Chatswood, a suburb of Sydney, the youngest of four children to Gladys and Frank Woodward. He studied church music with Kenneth Long in Sydney, and, at the New South Wales State Conservatorium of Music, conducting with Sir Eugene Goossens, piano with Alexander Sverjensky and composition with Raymond Hanson. He won the piano section of the 1964 ABC Instrumental and Vocal Competition, beating David Helfgott in the final.

paragraph: In 2002 he was appointed founding director of the School of Music and Dance at San Francisco State University (SFSU). He is a Professor for Classical Piano at the SFSU's School of Music.

paragraph: In 2014, Woodward published his autobiography, "Beyond Black and White: My Life in Music".

paragraph: Section::::Recordings.

paragraph: Woodward's recording of J.S. Bach's "The Well-Tempered Clavier" was Editor's Choice for The Gramophone's February 2010 issue, with German and UK critics describing this recording release as "setting a new standard after Gould and Barenboim".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Woodward has three children, one of whom is adopted.

paragraph: His daughter Asmira Woodward-Page (born 1973) is a notable concert violinist, whose mother was Prudence Page.

paragraph: His son Ben, born in 1986, is his and Trish Ludgate's biological child.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: Woodward has had numerous awards, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Companion Order of Australia, AC (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian National Living Treasure (National Trust) (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gloria Artis Gold Medal for Merit to Culture

paragraph: Critiques and testimonials

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger Woodward par Jean Barraqué: Une belle histoire, en somme. Car cela en est toujours une pour un compositeur…...

paragraph: BULLET::::- par Iannis Xenakis: Mi homme, mi dragon….. (letter from Iannis Xenakis to Roger Woodward on preparation of Keqrops)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pianist Possessed – by Wilfred Mellers, "New Statesman" London 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sviatoslav Richter reflections: La soiree americaine me sera aussi l'occasion d'entendre enfin en concert le pianiste Roger Woodward, que je ne connais que par les disques…..

paragraph: BULLET::::- Feldman on Woodward ...

paragraph: BULLET::::- Les Carnets de Roger Woodward…...

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:ABC Classics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werder: 3rd Sonata (1969, format: LP;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meale: "Coruscations" live from Sydney Opera House (1973, format: LP;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concert for Darwin: live at the Sydney Opera House (1970, Format: LPitem number: SMX44977-44980, Contents: Chopin "Polonaise", Op. 44, No. 5 in F-sharp minor;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takemitsu Piano Works: (1991) format:CD Item number: ABC446 739-2contents:"Rain Tree Sketch, Les Yeux Clos, For Away, Litany, Piano Distance, Uninterrupted Rests, Corona, Crossing" (live from Sydney Spring 1990);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger Woodward Plays Prokofiev: (1991) Format: CD, item number: ABC426 806-2contents: "Sarcasms" op.17, "Prelude" op.12 No.7, "Suggestion Diabolique" op.4 No.4, "Visions Fugitives" op.22, "Four Etudes" op.2," Visions Fugitives" op.22, "Children's Suite" op.65, "Pensees" op.62, "Visions Fugitives" op.22," Nocturne" op.43 bis No.2, "Gavotta" op.32 No.3, "Paysage" op.59 No.2, "March from L'amour des trois oranges" op.33a

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skryabin: late piano works (1991–92) Format: CD, item number: ABC446 741-2contents: "2 Danses" op.73, 5 "Preludes" op.74, "Vers la flamme" op.72, "Sonata No.10" op.70, "2 Poemes" op.71, "2 Poemes" op.69, "2 Preludes" op.67, "2 Poemes" op.63, "Poeme-nocturn"e op.61, "Sonata No.6" op.62 and "3 Etudes" op.65;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skryabin : Piano Concerto Works for Solo Piano (1999), format: CD(2CDs, item number: ABC465 671-2contents: "3 Pieces" op.2, 2 "Nocturnes" op.5, "5 Preludes" op.16, "Piano Concerto" in F-sharp minor op.20, "2 Poemes" op.32, "Waltz" in A-flat major op.38, "8 Etudes" op.42," 3 Morceaux" op.52, "2 Pieces" op.57, "Feuillet d'Album" op.58, "2 Pieces" op.59, "2 Danses" op.73, "Vers la flamme" op.72, "Sonata" No.10 op.70, "2 Poemes" op.71, "2 Poemes" op.69, "2 Preludes" op.67, "2 Poemes" op.63, "Poeme-nocturne" op.61, "Sonata" No.6 op.62 and "3 Etudes" op.65;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Images of Debussy: (1997) format: CD, item number: ABC446 740-2contents: "L'Isle Joyeuse, Estampes, D'un cahier d'esquisses, Images I, Hommage a Haydn, Images II, La plus que lente, Page d'album" and "Children's Corner";

paragraph: BULLET::::- Debussy : (1995) format: CD, item number: ABC454 512-2contents: "Suite Bergamasque, Etudes Book I, Images (oubliees)" and "Etudes" Book II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Debussy Piano Works: (2002 re-release)format: CD(2CDs, item number: ABC472 170-2contents: "L'Isle Joyeuse, Estampes, D'un cahier d'esquisses, Images I, Hommage a Haydn, Images II, La plus que lente, Page d'album, Children's Corner, Suite Bergamasque, Etudes Book I, Images (oubliees) and Etudes Book II";

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ann Boyd: (1997) "Meditations on a Chinese Character" format: CD. item number: ABC462 007-2contents: "Angklung"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sitsky : (1999) Piano Concerto – The Twenty-Two Paths of the Tarot (1999. format: CD, item number: ABC456 688-2contents: "Concert for Piano and Orchestra"(1991, revised 1994) "The Twenty-Two Paths of the Tarot";

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Artworks.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Little Masterpieces : (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moving Pictures: (1995) solo piano music from the movies

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lullaby: (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cinema Paradiso: (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cinema: (1998) Classics from the Silver Screen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger Woodward Plays Chopin: (1998) live performance Sydney Opera House 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Essential Album: (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rondo Alla Turca

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:BMG.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clair de Lune: (1989)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Celestial Harmonies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger Woodward in Concert, recorded live at the Sendesaal, Bremen, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Barraqué: Sonate pour Piano (Recorded 1972 in London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music of the Russian Avant-Garde 1905–1926

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sergei Prokofiev: Works for Piano 1908–1938

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dmitri Shostakovich: 24 Preludes and Fugues Op.87 (1975, the first complete recording in the West; re-released September 2010 on CD by Celestial Harmonies)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Michael Hamel: Vom Klang des Lebens / Of the sound of life

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Otte: Stundenbuch / Book of Hours

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fryderyk Chopin: The Complete Nocturnes (2 CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fryderyk Chopin: Piano Concerto № 2 in F minor, op. 21 / Ludwig van Beethoven : Piano Quartet № 3 C MAJOR WoO 36 – Roger Woodward, piano / Alexander String Quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claude Debussy : Préludes, Books 1 & 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Sebastian Bach: "Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue" BWV 903, Partita № 2 BWV 826, Partita № 6 BWV 830

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Sebastian Bach: The Well-Tempered Clavier, Books I & II BWV 846–893 (5 CDs & 2 pocket scores, complete edition)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hamel/Hiller/Otte Edition of Contemporary German Piano Music (4-CD boxed set including pocket scores) – Roger Woodward, piano; Silke Avenhaus, piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fryderyk Chopin – The Complete Nocturnes

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Col Legno.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20 Ans de musique contemporaine a Metz: format: CD(5CDs, item number: AU31 8 30CDcontents: Feldman Piano Concerto (live with Hans Zender and Saarbruken Rundfunksorchester)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Feldman Orchestral Works and Chamber Music: item number: WWE 1CD 20506(re-release as AU31 8 30CD)contents: Feldman Piano Concerto (live with Hans Zender and Saarbruken Rundfunksorchester)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Decca.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takemitsu Piano Works: 1974) format: LP, item number: HEAD4contents: "Corona" (London version), "For Away, Piano Distance, Uninterrupted Rests"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Deutsche Grammophon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wien Modern III : (1995) format: CD, item number: 447 115-2contents: Xenakis "Keqrops" (Wien Modern with Claudio Abbado recorded live at Wiener Konzerthaus 1995)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Deutsche Grammophon Australia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Colour of Australian Classics, Format: CD(2CDS), item number: 441 969-2contents: Xenakis "Keqrops" (Wien Modern with Claudio Abbado recorded live at Wiener Konzerthaus 1995)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EMI.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chopin Piano Works:(1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rachmaninov Preludes: (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skryabin Prokofiev Shostakovich: (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger Woodward Plays Chopin: (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Contemporary Music: (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The London Music Digest from the Round House : (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conyngham: (1982)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Etcetera.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Xenakis (1998) (re-release 1999) (Roger Woodward conducting Alpha Centauri Ensemble live from Sydney Opera House

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takemitsu Piano Works (1990) (live from Sydney Spring 1990);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Feldman: (1990) (with Ralph Lane)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gehlhaar Diagonal Flying:(1990–91) with Rolf Gehlhaar, recorded live at Sydney Spring International Festival of New Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skryabin Late Piano Works (1991)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Foghorn Classics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- fragments, vol.1: 2005 : Shostakovich String Quartets; Shostakovich Piano Quintet in G Minor, Op. 57, 3-CD set, total playing time 74:58; 74:01; 73:42; Producer and Engineer Judith Sherman, recorded at the American Academy of Arts & Letters, 2005

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:J&B.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solo: (1988), favourites by Bach/Beethoven /Chopin/Grieg /Liszt /Mozart /Tchaikovsky /etc, format: CD and LP item number: unknown(CD), JB260(LP);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music of the Night: (1990, popular themes from films and musicals, format: CD and LP item number: unknown(CD), JB425(LP);

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:London (Japan).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takemitsu Piano Works: format: CD, item number: POCL-2347(Re-release CD: POCL-3998 and UCCD-3131)contents: "Corona" (London version), "For Away, Piano Distance, Uninterrupted Rests";

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Polskie Nagrania.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serocki: (1976),"Fantasmagoria"(One of the series of the LP 20th International Festival of Contemporary Music Warsaw Autumn, format: LP, item number: SX1444. contents: Serocki Fantasmagoria (1976)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:RCA.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven Sonatas: (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven Sonatas: (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Contemporary Music: (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shostakovich Preludes & Fugues: (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beethoven/Liszt Eroica Symphony

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hoddinot 3rd Concerto: (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brahms 1st Piano Concerto (with Kurt Masur & Philharmonia Orchestra) (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shostakovich "Piano Trio" and "Piano Quintet": (1978) (with Edinburgh String Quartet)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Sipario Dischi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nuove Sincronie 92 : format: CD, item number: sin1012, contents: Donatoni Sincronie (with J. Scalfi(vc))

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Unicorn.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barraque Sonate : (re-release) (1978, format: LP, item number: UNS263, contents: "Sonate"(Barraque)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Warner.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rustle of Spring : (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Music of Frédéric Chopin : (1992)(re-released 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Over the Hills and Far Away: (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- My Favourite Classics: (1995)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Kurtur (VTR).

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Tchaikovsky 150th Anniversary Concert From China, (with Tan Lihua and Symphony Orchestra of the Central Philharmonic, Beijing)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger Woodward Homepage

description: Australian classical pianist

wikidata_label: Roger Woodward

wikipedia_title: Roger Woodward


text:
American
evolutionary biologist
Binghamton University
Sloan Wilson
Evolution Institute
University of Rochester
Michigan State University
Harvard University
University of the Witwatersrand
University of Washington
South Africa
University of California, Davis
Kellogg Biological Station
Michigan State University
religion
psychology of religion
SUNY New Paltz
group selection
Elliott Sober
multilevel selection theory
extended evolutionary synthesis
Darwin's Cathedral
Darwin's Cathedral
Oxford University Press
ScienceBlogs

wikipedia_title: State University of New York at New Paltz

categories: State University of New York faculty,Cognitive science of religion,1949 births,Harvard University staff,Guggenheim Fellows,Extended evolutionary synthesis,Michigan State University alumni,American geneticists,Binghamton University faculty,American atheists,University of Rochester alumni,Living people

paragraph: David Sloan Wilson

paragraph: David Sloan Wilson (born 1949) is an American evolutionary biologist and a Distinguished Professor of Biological Sciences and Anthropology at Binghamton University. He is a son of the author Sloan Wilson and co-founder of the Evolution Institute.

paragraph: Section::::Academic career.

paragraph: Wilson graduated with a B.A. with high honors in 1971 from the University of Rochester. He then completed his Ph.D. in 1975 at Michigan State University. He then worked as a Research Fellow in the Biological Laboratories at Harvard University from 1974-1975. He then held a dual position as a Research Associate in Zoology at the University of the Witwatersrand and the University of Washington from 1975 to 1976. After this he was a Senior Research Officer at the South African National Research Institute for the Mathematical Sciences from 1976 to 1977.

paragraph: Wilson moved back to the United States and held an Assistant Professorship in the Division of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Davis, from 1977 to 1980. He then served as an Assistant and then Associate Professor at the Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Zoology of Michigan State University from 1980 to 1988. Wilson was then promoted to full Professor of Biological Sciences at the State University of New York, Binghamton, in 1988. He was then given a joint appointment as Professor of Anthropology in 2001.

paragraph: Wilson started the Evolutionary Studies (EvoS) program at Binghamton University to provide a program that unifies diverse disciplines under the theory of evolution. Students in the program take evolution-themed courses in a variety of disciplines including biology, anthropology, psychology, bioengineering, philosophy, religion and the psychology of religion. There is also a required course called "Current Topics in Evolutionary Studies", where students attend weekly seminars with a discussion followed afterward. SUNY New Paltz has started a similar program.

paragraph: Section::::Research.

paragraph: Wilson is a prominent proponent of the concept of group selection (also known as multi-level selection) in evolution. He and Elliott Sober proposed a framework called multilevel selection theory, which incorporates the more orthodox approach of gene-level selection and individual selection, in their book "Unto Others". This framework argues that while genes serve as the means by which organisms' designs are transmitted across generations, individuals and groups are vehicles for those genes and both are arenas for genes to act on. Indeed, genes themselves can be affected by selection, not just because of their effects on the design of their vehicle (the organism) but also because of their effect on the functioning of the DNA on which they reside. Hence the notion of multilevel selection. Wilson has also coined the concept of a trait-group, a group of organisms linked not permanently as a group but having a shared fate due to interactions that they have.

paragraph: Wilson has described himself as an "enthusiastic proponent" of the extended evolutionary synthesis.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unto Others (1998) co-edited with Elliott Sober. (Proposition of a framework called multilevel selection theory, which incorporates the more orthodox approach of gene-level selection and individual selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Darwin's Cathedral (2002) (Religion as a multi-level adaptation).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rethinking the Theoretical Foundation of Sociobiology (2006) co-edited with E. O. Wilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evolution for Everyone: How Darwin's Theory Can Change the Way We Think About Our Lives (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Neighborhood Project: Using Evolution to Improve My City, One Block at a Time (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pathological Altruism (2011) co-edited with Barbara Oakley, Ariel Knafo, and Guruprasad Madhavan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Does Altruism Exist?: Culture, Genes, and the Welfare of Others (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Literary Animal: Evolution and the Nature of Narrative (2005) co-edited with Jonathan Gottschall

paragraph: Wilson's book "Darwin's Cathedral" proposes that religion is a multi-level adaptation, a product of cultural evolution developed through a process of multi-level selection for more cooperative and cohesive groups. His book "Evolution for Everyone: How Darwin's Theory Can Change the Way We Think About Our Lives" attempts to give an introduction to evolution for a broad audience, detailing the various ways in which evolution can be applied to everyday affairs. There is also a class at Binghamton University that is called "Evolution for Everyone", and students are required to read the book as part of the class.

paragraph: Wilson's latest book for a general audience is "The Neighborhood Project: Using Evolution to Improve My City, One Block at a Time", published in August 2011. Wilson also co-edited "Pathological Altruism" published by Oxford University Press in November 2011 with Barbara Oakley, Ariel Knafo, and Guruprasad Madhavan.

paragraph: Wilson and his co-author E. O. Wilson have become well known for the quote, "Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic groups beat selfish groups. Everything else is commentary". This quotation appeared in their paper, "Rethinking the Theoretical Foundation of Sociobiology".

paragraph: Wilson is a blogger for the ScienceBlogs, where he extensively discusses and defends both the theory of evolution and his multilevel selection model.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilson's personal homepage

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Darwin's God" article in New York Times Magazine for March 4, 2007. Includes interview with Wilson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Evolution: Survival of the selfless" article written with E. O. Wilson in New Scientist, 03 November, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- EVOS Evolutionary Studies Program at Binghamton University

description: American biologist

wikidata_label: David Sloan Wilson

wikipedia_title: David Sloan Wilson