text:
Japan
2008 Summer Olympics
Summer Universiade
Short Course Worlds
Pan Pacific Championships
Tokai University
2007 Summer Universiade
Jung Seul-ki
women's 200 m breaststroke
2008 Summer Olympics
Megumi Taneda
Tokyo
2009 Summer Universiade
200 m breaststroke
Asian Games
Jeong Da-rae

categories: Asian Games medalists in swimming,Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games,1988 births,Olympic swimmers of Japan,Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Olympic gold medalists for Japan,Sportspeople from Hiroshima Prefecture,Olympic gold medalists in swimming,Asian Games silver medalists for Japan,Swimmers at the 2014 Asian Games,Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Universiade gold medalists for Japan,Japanese female swimmers,Female breaststroke swimmers,Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics,Swimmers at the 2010 Asian Games,Living people,Universiade medalists in swimming

paragraph: Rie Kaneto

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She represented her nation Japan, as a 19-year-old junior, at the 2008 Summer Olympics and has won a career total of four medals in a major international competition, spanning two editions of the Summer Universiade (2007 and 2009), the Short Course Worlds, and the Pan Pacific Championships. Apart from her Olympic career, Kaneto also demolished both a Japanese and Asian record of 2:20.72 at the Japan University Championships in Kumamoto. Kaneto is a physical education graduate at Tokai University in Hiroshima.

paragraph: Rie made her international swimming debut at the 2007 Summer Universiade in Bangkok, Thailand, quickly claiming a silver medal in the 200 m breaststroke by less than 0.04 of a second behind South Korea's Jung Seul-ki in 2:25.63. Rie's best effort at these Games vaulted her up to twelfth in the world rankings.

paragraph: Rie earned her first selection to the Japanese team to compete in the women's 200 m breaststroke at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Leading up to the Games, she placed second behind Megumi Taneda at the Olympic trials in Tokyo with a FINA A-standard entry time of 2:26.28. Kaneto touched out Taneda to take the seventh spot in the final by nine hundredths of a second (0.09), in an outstanding time of 2:25.14.

paragraph: At the 2009 Summer Universiade in Belgrade, Serbia, Rie set an Asian and Japanese mark of 2:22.32 to claim the 200 m breaststroke title, just a single hundredth margin off her record from the national championships (2:22.33).

paragraph: In 2010, Rie surprisingly missed out the podium in the 200 m breaststroke at the Asian Games in Guangzhou, China, when she placed fourth behind two Chinese swimmers and new champion Jeong Da-rae of South Korea in 2:25.63.

description: Olympic swimmer

wikidata_label: Rie Kaneto

wikipedia_title: Rie Kaneto


text:
FRGS
7th Count de Salis
Holy Roman Empire
Lough Gur
Philipe de Croÿ, Duke of Aerschot
House of Croÿ
Pierre-Paul Riquet
Émilie Pellapra
Thérésa Tallien
Château de Ménars
Chimay
17th Prince de Chimay
Order of Malta
Order of the Crown of Roumania
Legion of Honour
Beaumont College
Balliol College, Oxford
Officers' Training Corps
Tassart's
Marshal Joffre
Earl of Lytton
Order of St John of Jerusalem
Geneva Convention
HRH the Duke of Windsor
Ardennes
Earl Winfield Spencer
Fruity Metcalfe
Asmara
Hamasien
Lord Alexander
John de Salis
Pratt's
Bachelors'
RAC
Guards Machine-gun Regiment
Hazebrouck
Spangenburg
Magdalen College, Oxford
Queen's Oxfordshire Hussars
Prescot
Viscount Massereene
mentioned in dispatches
European Defence Community
Debrett's Peerage
Burke's

categories: British Army personnel of World War I,Anglo-Irish people,People from Chelsea, London,Irish landowners,English Roman Catholics,British people of Belgian descent,British Roman Catholics,Burials at Brookwood Cemetery,Swiss nobility,Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Romania),British male fencers,English archivists,Knights of Malta,British male sport shooters,1949 deaths,People from Kensington,Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford,Counts of Salis,Bailiffs Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta,Swiss-Italian people,British people of Swiss descent,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,Counts de Salis-Soglio and Comtes de Salis-Seewis,British diplomats,Irish Guards officers,People educated at Beaumont College,1891 births,Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society,British people of Italian descent

paragraph: John Eugène, 8th Count de Salis-Soglio

paragraph: Lt. Colonel John (Jean) Eugène de Salis, 8th Count de Salis, FRGS, "Graf v. Salis-Soglio", (*Brussels 4 October 1891–†London 12 June 1949), eldest son of Sir John Francis Charles de Salis, KCMG, CVO, 7th Count de Salis, of the Holy Roman Empire, of Lough Gur House, Monasteranenagh, Kilmallock, Co. Limerick, and the Grisons, Switzerland.

paragraph: His mother, a descendant of Philipe de Croÿ, Duke of Aerschot (of the House of Croÿ), Pierre-Paul Riquet and both Émilie Pellapra and Thérésa Tallien, whom his father had married in Brussels on 6 December 1890, was Hélène Marie de Riquet, Comtesse de Caraman-Chimay (Château de Ménars 18 August 1864 – Bruxelles 31 May 1902). The eldest daughter of Marie Eugène Auguste de Riquet, Prince de Caraman-Chimay (Ménars 1847–Chimay 1881), (son of 17th Prince de Chimay), by Louise de Graffenried-Villars (1842–1901), she died aged 37, when John her eldest son was still only 10, a mere 13 days after the birth of her third son.

paragraph: De Salis succeeded his father 37 years later in 1939, in the meantime he had been made and given a Bailiff Grand Cross, Order of Malta; the Order of the Crown of Roumania; a Chevalier Legion of Honour; and a Montenegrin Military Medal/Silver medal for bravery (1918).

paragraph: He was educated at Jesuit Beaumont College and read modern history at Balliol College, Oxford 1910–1914, (4th class BA 1914, MA 1917).

paragraph: At Oxford he won the Officers' Training Corps' Company and Long Range Cups, and the Officers' Challenge Cup; was in the Snap-shooting team; won 2nd prize, Half-section Jumping, O.T.C. v Cambridge; was in the Oxford University Fencing Club (Sabres) v. Cambridge in 1913 and 1914. The 1914 "varsity" match was held at Tassart's Salle D'Armes, Oxford Circus, London. Tickets were 2/6.

paragraph: Section::::Soldier & Diplomat.

paragraph: Served in World War I, the European War 1914–19, in 1st Life Guards and Irish Guards (Lt. September 1914), twice wounded, 15 September 1916 and July 1917; Captain on special service in the Balkans. Attached British Embassy, Paris, as an assistant to military attaché, 1918–19 (specially attached to Marshal Joffre); entered Diplomatic Service, 1920; appointed 3rd Secretary, Washington; transferred Tokyo, 1921–22. Aide-de-Camp to the Earl of Lytton when Governor of Bengal, 1925–27; Adjutant Indian Army Rifle Team, 1927–29; Commandant Indian Army Rifle Team, Bisley, 1930–34. Delegate of the Order of St John of Jerusalem for revision of Geneva Convention 1929. Served War of 1939–45; Captain on Military Mission under War Cabinet Office: France 1939–40, here Captain Count John de Salis was drafted last minute, replacing a Captain Purvis, nominally as the HRH the Duke of Windsor's translator for his controversial trip to France in October 1939 and in co-writing his "Report on Visit to the First French Army and Detachments D'Army des Ardennes". Writing in 2012 in his book "The Duke of Windsor's War", Michael Bloch describing this expedition speaks of: "the brilliant and subtle de Salis", as "a delightful secret service diplomatist with cosmopolitan connections who, by an extraordinary coincidence, had known the Duchess (then Mrs Earl Winfield Spencer) while attached to the Washington Embassy in the early 1920s." They set off on 6 October 1939, the party comprised: five staff, Fruity Metcalfe, de Salis and the Duke.

paragraph: Later in World War II he was Senior Civil Affairs Officer (SCAO) for Asmara and Hamasien, Eritrea, 1943–44; Lt. Col.; Aide-de-Camp to Field Marshal Lord Alexander, who was commander-in-chief of the British forces in the campaign for the liberation of Italy from 1943 to 1945.

paragraph: Section::::Wife.

paragraph: He married in Rome 8 March 1947 Maria Camilla Presti di Camarda, (born 23 January 1926, died Richmond 1 May 1953), daughter of General Umberto de Presti by Teresa Vignola.

paragraph: They lived at 10 Priory Grove (now Priory Walk), South Kensington, SW10, and had one son and heir: John de Salis.

paragraph: Section::::Clubs.

paragraph: Pratt's; Bachelors', and RAC.

paragraph: Section::::Brothers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Captain Count Anthony (Anton/Antoine) Denis (Dionys) Rodolph (Rudolf) (*Brussels 1897– †Paris 1952), educated at Downside and Balliol College, Oxford (two terms in 1915). Lt. Irish Guards April 1916; Guards Machine-gun Regiment; Military Mission 1919–21; Captain Scots Guards retired 1927, Major Scots Guards 1939; Commt. Tower of London; BEF, Special Unit; wounded and captured at Hazebrouck 28 May 1940; Spangenburg Castle Oflag, Upper Silesia Stalag.; repatriated Oct. 1943, and discharged for wounds June 1944. Knight of Malta. Order of the Crown of Belgium. FRGS. (Clubs: Guards' and Marlborough). Married (Monaie, 1925) Françoise Carmen Dagmar (1903–1985), daughter of general Louis Vicomte de la Panouse (d.1945), KCMG, CB., by Manuela Louise Consuelo Sabine de Wendel d'Hayange (1875–1941).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Count Peter Francis de Salis (*Brussels 1902 – †Bath 1982), educated Magdalen College, Oxford. Queen's Oxfordshire Hussars 1925–27; Lieut. Coldstream Guards 1930. Knight of St. John of Malta. Married (1934) Winifred Alice (1910–1977), younger daughter of Richard Atherton d'Anyers Willis (d.1923), of Halsnead Park, Prescot, Lancashire, by hon. Ethel Mary Clotworthy, daughter of 11th Viscount Massereene. (Clubs: Guards'; Pratts'; and RAC). Served in Second World War; Lt. Col. Coldstream Guards, mentioned in dispatches; military representative to the European Defence Community, Paris, 1950.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burke's Peerage", Foreign Noblemen / Foreign Titles sections: 1851, 1936, 1956, etc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Debrett's Peerage", Foreign Titles section, 1920, 1925, etc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burke's Irish Family Records", ed. Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, Burke's Peerage Ltd, London, 1976.

description: British soldier; residual Anglo-Irish landowner; Count of the Holy Roman Empire; Knight of Malta

wikidata_label: John Eugène, 8th Count de Salis‐Soglio

wikipedia_title: John Eugène, 8th Count de Salis-Soglio


href: Israel Kabbalist Netivot Baba%20Sali Arfoud Tafilalt Morocco Paris Ashkelon

text:
Israel
Kabbalist
Netivot
Baba Sali
Arfoud
Tafilalt
Morocco
Paris
Ashkelon

categories: 1941 births,Deputy mayors of places in Israel,Israeli prisoners and detainees,Prisoners and detainees of Israel,Rabbis convicted of crimes,Moroccan emigrants to Israel,21st-century rabbis,Sephardic Haredi rabbis in Israel,Israeli politicians convicted of corruption,Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent,Israeli people convicted of bribery,Kabbalists,People from Erfoud,20th-century rabbis,People from Ashkelon,Moroccan rabbis,Living people

paragraph: Baruch Abuhatzeira

paragraph: Baruch Abuhatzeira (; born 1941), also known as Baba Baruch, is an Israeli Kabbalist rabbi and spiritual adviser who operates in Netivot, a blue-collar town in southern Israel. He is the son of the leading Moroccan rabbi Israel Abuhatzeira, also known as the Baba Sali.

paragraph: Baruch was born in Arfoud in the Tafilalt region in eastern Morocco. There, he was educated by his father. During his youth Baruch spent several years in Paris. In the mid-1960s, Baruch emigrated to Israel with his father, and he decided to pursue a political career. He was elected deputy mayor in Ashkelon. Abuhatzeira was later tried and sentenced to five years in prison for corruption and bribery connected to his role as deputy mayor. After obtaining an early release, Abuhatzeira joined Baba Sali, and was with his father during the last three months of the Rabbi's life.

wikidata_label: Baruch Abuhatzeira

wikipedia_title: Baruch Abuhatzeira


text: Hanoi

text: Hanoi

text: Hai Bà Trưng

text: Hanoi Conservatory of Music

text: Hanoi

text: Da Nang

text: Ho Chi Minh City

text: Sao Mai Điểm Hẹn

text: Vietnam Television

text: China

text: Thailand

text: Korea

text: Russia

text: Germany

text: Czech Republic

text: Ukraine

text: Switzerland

text: United Kingdom

text: Cuba

text: United States

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: Nagoya

text: Japan

text: composer

text: producer

text: Anh Quân

text: Thanh Lam

text: Whitney Houston

text: Mariah Carey

text: Brian McKnight

text: Babyface

text: public service announcement

text: bear bile

text: short film

text: Education for Nature Vietnam

text: Environmental Justice Foundation

text: Mỹ Linh's Official Fanpage

text: Mỹ Linh's Official Website

categories: People from Hanoi,1975 births,Vietnamese-language singers,Living people,Vietnamese female singers

paragraph: Mỹ Linh

paragraph: Đỗ Mỹ Linh (b. Hanoi, 19 August 1975), who uses the stagename Mỹ Linh, is a Vietnamese pop singer. She is one of the four divas of Vietnam.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: My Linh was born in a working-class family in Hanoi on 19 August 1975. Her father was a literature school-teacher, then worker and building constructor. Her mother was a worker in a pharmaceutical factory. She has an older brother and a younger sister.

paragraph: My Linh exhibited musical and performing talents at a very young age, gathering awards at various local children music contests. She attended Elementary and Middle School in Hai Bà Trưng District, Hanoi. In 1994, she graduated from Bạch Mai High School and came first in the entrance exam to the Hanoi Conservatory of Music. She graduated in 1997, having become a famous pop singer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Music career.

paragraph: In August 1993, My Linh and the Hoa Sữa band won second place at the National Pop Music Festival. Mỹ Linh herself won the "Best New Artist" award with the song "Thì Thầm Mùa Xuân" written by Ngọc Châu. My Linh started her professional music career after the Festival and became one of the best-loved Vietnamese singers.

paragraph: In 1998, My Linh married composer and producer Anh Quân. This was an important step in her music career. She began to perform Soul and Funk music. She went on a Vietnam tour "Tiếng Hát Mỹ Linh" in 1998, performing in Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City. Following the success of the tour, in 1999, she released "Tóc Ngắn" album, which has become her trademark.

paragraph: In 2003, My Linh signed a contract with the American record company, Blue Tiger, to release an English-language album, attracting wide media attention in Vietnam. "Coming to America" was released in 2004.

paragraph: In 2006, My Linh was one of the judges for Sao Mai Điểm Hẹn, a singing contest hosted by Vietnam Television to discover young music talents.

paragraph: My Linh has performed in many countries, including China, Thailand, Korea, Russia, Germany, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Cuba, United States, Canada and Australia. In 2006, she is the only Vietnamese artist performing in Asian Divas night in Nagoya, Japan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: My Linh married composer and producer Anh Quân in 1998. They have two children, Anh Duy and Mỹ Anh. Anna (Vietnamese name Mỹ Hà) is Anh Quân's daughter from his first marriage.

paragraph: Her favourite singers are Thanh Lam, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Brian McKnight and Babyface.

paragraph: Section::::Activism.

paragraph: In 2004, My Linh recorded a public service announcement about the threats that people's consumption of bear bile posed to wild bear populations and to the welfare of bears that are farmed for their bile. The short film, which was broadcast on several Vietnamese TV stations, and included footage shot at bear farms in Hanoi. The film was produced by Education for Nature Vietnam, the country's first non-governmental organization to focus on conservation, with assistance from the London-based Environmental Justice Foundation.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: My Linh has released 14 albums:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Xin Mặt Trời Ngủ Yên" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Còn Mãi Tìm Nhau" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vẫn Hát Lời Tình Yêu" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cho Một Người Tình Xa" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chiều Xuân" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mỹ Linh" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mùa Thu Không Trở Lại" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tóc Ngắn" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tóc Ngắn Vol. 2: Vẫn Mãi Mong Chờ" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Made in Vietnam" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chat Với Mozart" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Để Tình Yêu Hát" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tóc Ngắn Acoustic: Một Ngày" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chat Với Mozart Vol. 2" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mỹ Linh's Official Fanpage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mỹ Linh's Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Singer My Linh to be tourism ambassador for RoK", "Vietnam+", 27 July 2011.

description: Vietnamese singer

wikidata_label: My Linh

wikipedia_title: Mỹ Linh


text:
fl
pamphlet
Brabant revolution
Henri Van der Noot
United States of Belgium
Brussels
Marianne de Bellem
London
menage-a-trois
Breda
Netherlands
Anne Therese Philippine d'Yves
Biographie Nationale Tome 17

categories: Belgian prostitutes,Belgian non-fiction writers,18th-century women writers,Belgian women writers,People of the Brabant Revolution,1734 births,People of the Austrian Netherlands,Year of death missing,18th-century writers

paragraph: Jeanne de Bellem

paragraph: Jeanne de Bellem or Jeanne Pinaut (1 March 1734 – fl. 1793), was a politically active Belgian pamphlet writer and a participator of the Brabant revolution of 1789. She had a long-term relationship with the revolutionary leader Henri Van der Noot and exerted a great deal of political influence upon the rule within the United States of Belgium 1789–1790.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Jeanne de Bellem was born in poverty but was given a good education. She arrived in Brussels in 1750, where she worked as a domestic and a prostitute and became known for being the mistress of many notables, such as the general governor Ollivier and vicomte de Quenonville, and had a daughter Marianne de Bellem, by an unknown father. In parallel, she had a serious and lifelong relationship with Henri Van der Noot.

paragraph: From 1787, Bellem was a well-known writer of political pamphlets, which encouraged the Belgians to follow the example of America and rise in rebellion toward Austria; she wrote the famous revolutionary poem: "Peuple Belgique/cour tyrannique/faisons commet l'Amerique". She was also politically active as the intermediary of Van der Noot, who spoke to the Belgian estates and maintained contact with them with her as messenger, as they did not dare to speak to Van der Noot directly. In 1788, during Noot's absence in London, she was arrested for her political activity and put on trial. The trial aroused great attention, but ended with her release after her public apology. She was arrested again in 1789 but was released shortly before the revolution, and gained troops for the rebellion. The 18 December 1789, Jeanne de Bellem participated in the entrance of Henri Van der Noot in Brussels in the carriage by his side and attended the theatre by his side.

paragraph: The involvement of Jeanne de Bellem in the state affairs of the republic was controversial and she was the target of a lot of abusive caricatures by the opposition who used her as a way of criticizing Van der Noot and the government. She was called Noots official mistress, was said to encourage her lovers to attack the democrats in a contra-revolutionary coup, and when Van der Noot took the title of Duke, she was said to long for the title of Duchess. In parallel to the slander, however, she also received a great deal of praise and admiration. It was said that Jeanne de Bellem, Henri Van der Noot and their (male) colleague Eupen lived in a menage-a-trois. Bellem was also in charge of the pamphlets issued by the state.

paragraph: Upon the return of the Austrians and the death of the republic in 1790, Jeanne de Bellem was separated from Van der Noot and fled with her daughter Marianne to Breda in the Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Therese Philippine d'Yves

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionnaire des femmes belges. Éditions Racine 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographie Nationale Tome 17

description: revolutionist, writer

wikidata_label: Jeanne de Bellem

wikipedia_title: Jeanne de Bellem


text: San Ysidro, California

text: Tujunga, California

text: Worcester, Massachusetts

text: Fifth Avenue

text: New York City

text: Edward Rosewater

text: Omaha Bee

text: Great plains

text: irrigation

text: ancient Egypt

text: National Irrigation Congress

text: settlement

text: New Plymouth

text: Sacramento, California

text: Lassen County

text: Standish

text: San Diego

text: Imperial Valley

text: Harrison Gray Otis's

text: Tijuana River

text: San Ysidro

text: patron saint

text: Scripps newspapers

text: E.W. Scripps

text: M.V. Hartranft

text: Glendale, California

text: utopia

text: Tujunga

text: Verdugo Mountains

text: Los Angeles County

text: secretary of the interior

paragraph: W. E. Smythe

paragraph: William Ellsworth Smythe, known as W. E. Smythe (1861–1922), was a journalist, writer and founder of the Little Landers movement, which aimed to settle small suburban lots with people who would farm their own properties, live off the land and sell or trade the surplus for needed income. In 1908 he set up such a colony in the Tijuana River valley (now San Ysidro, California), and in 1913 he joined in developing a similar venture in Tujunga, California. Smythe described the basic structure of the Little Land philosophy as colonies that "would provide low priced land, a public irrigation system and a cooperative market for the colony's products."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Smythe was born December 24, 1861, in Worcester, Massachusetts, to William Augustus Smythe, a wealthy shoe manufacturer, and Abbie Bailey Smythe. In 1882 he and Harriet Bridge were married. They had three children. Smythe died at the age of 61 on October 6, 1922, in his apartment on Fifth Avenue in New York City. He was survived by his son, W.E. Smythe Jr.

paragraph: Section::::Journalism.

paragraph: In high school he was editor of the school newspaper and later, in 1881, at the age of twenty, he tried to establish a printing business, but failed. But in 1889 a feisty Nebraska newspaper publisher named Edward Rosewater made Smythe the editor of the "Omaha Bee.

paragraph: "The next year a terrible draught gripped the Great plains. Smythe saw farmers abandoning their land and, within sight of creeks that had carried water a year before, shoot their livestock because they couldn't prevent the beasts from dying of thirst."

paragraph: Smythe obtained the publisher's approval for a series of articles about the importance of irrigation. He researched the subject carefully, going back to the times of ancient Egypt, and published articles daily. He wrote for national magazines. He spoke at public meetings and became chairman of the influential National Irrigation Congress. Eventually he traveled the breadth of the country to drive home his message. He founded a magazine, "Irrigation Age," which he edited until 1896.

paragraph: Section::::Settlements.

paragraph: Smythe organized a cooperative settlement called New Plymouth in Idaho and advised developers near Sacramento, California, and in Lassen County, where he founded the town of Standish. He moved to San Diego in 1902 and promptly ran unsuccessfully for Congress in the newly created Eighth District, as a Democrat, garnering 40.8 percent of the vote.

paragraph: Section::::Imperial Valley.

paragraph: In 1904 he traveled to Washington, D.C., to lobby for Imperial Valley farmers who wanted public ownership of the irrigation system in their valley. This trip earned him the scorn of Harrison Gray Otis's "Los Angeles Times," which wrote

paragraph: Investigation shows that the Imperial Water Users' Association has paid Smythe $2000 cash. Whether he presented an itemized bill showing all this to have been used as "expense money" was not learned. If so, Mr. Smythe likely lived very well, and could on as much style as the most fastidious ambassador.

paragraph: Section::::Little Landers.

paragraph: In 1908 he formed a corporation that bought 700 acres of the Belcher Ranch on the U.S. side of the Tijuana River, which is shared with Mexico, and immediately changed the name of the entire community to San Ysidro, after the patron saint of farmers in Spain.This was the first Little Landers colony, which attracted some 300 families to its promise. Smythe lived there from 1909 to 1911, overseeing a market that the farmers set up in San Diego to sell their produce.

paragraph: Smythe began writing editorials in 1912 for the Scripps newspapers, whose publisher, E.W. Scripps, lived in San Diego, and he published a Little Landers magazine. He opened a Little Landers colony called Runnymede.

paragraph: In 1913, M.V. Hartranft, a Glendale, California, land developer with utopianist ideas, joined with Smythe in forming a Little Landers colony in Tujunga, just north of the Verdugo Mountains in Los Angeles County.

paragraph: The two men believed that anyone could be independent on a small acreage irrigated and lovingly farmed ... [They] joined together in their business ventures. Smythe was the idealist of the two and Hartrantf was the businessman who could make the ideas work.

paragraph: Section::::Government service.

paragraph: After World War I, Smythe was appointed U.S. assistant secretary of the interior for veterans land settlement.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Smythe's most famous work was "The Conquest of Arid America" (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1900). Writing two books occupied his time between 1902 and 1907. They were "Constructive Democracy" and "History of San Diego." He published a third book as well, in 1921, "City Homes on Country Lanes," and another, "Reclamation of Arid America."

description: American writer

wikidata_label: W.E. Smythe

wikipedia_title: W. E. Smythe


text:
Medellín
Colombia
Grand Prix motorcycle racer
MotoGP
Yonny Hernández
Moto2
Lukas Pesek
Andrea Iannone
Moriwaki
Ferruccio Lamborghini
2011
FTR Moto
Raffaele de Rosa
Profile on MotoGP.com

categories: 1992 births,Living people,Colombian motorcycle racers

paragraph: Santiago Hernández

paragraph: Santiago Hernández Vega (born 11 September 1992 in Medellín) is a Colombian former Grand Prix motorcycle racer, and the younger brother of former MotoGP racer Yonny Hernández. He has previously raced in the Spanish CEV Moto2 Series and in the Spanish Supersport Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Moto2 career.

paragraph: Section::::Moto2 career.:2010.

paragraph: He raced his first grand prix race in the Moto2 class, at the 2010 Aragon grand prix, aged only 18 in a Moriwaki MD600, woth the Matteoni C.P. Racing as a replacement for Lukas Pesek. He finished 23rd out of 28 riders, finishing 45 seconds behind winner Andrea Iannone. He was the fourth out of five Moriwaki mounted riders who finished the race. He was then replaced for the next race by Ferruccio Lamborghini.

paragraph: Section::::Moto2 career.:2011.

paragraph: In 2011, Hernandez joined the Thai Honda Singha SAG

paragraph: SAG Team and raced a FTR Moto M211. He raced 16 out of 17 races, and scored a best of 21st place, thus failing to score points. He was even replaced by Raffaele de Rosa for one race, who also scored a 21st place in his only race with the FTR bike.

paragraph: For 2012 he was left without a contract and he left the world championships.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on MotoGP.com

description: Colombian motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Santiago Hernández

wikipedia_title: Santiago Hernández


text: Venezuelan

text: motorcycle racer

text: Puerto la Cruz

text: AMA Superbike

text: Profile on MotoGP.com

text: Profile on WorldSBK.com

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,People from Anzoátegui,Venezuelan motorcycle racers,Superbike World Championship riders,1985 births,AMA Superbike Championship riders,Living people

paragraph: Robertino Pietri

paragraph: Roberto David Pietri Chiossone (better known as Robertino Pietri, born 6 May, 1985) is a Venezuelan professional motorcycle racer.

paragraph: Section::::Motorcycle racing career.

paragraph: Born in Puerto la Cruz, Venezuela, Pietri has competed in the 2007 Monza Superbike World Championship round and in two Moto2 World Championship seasons, as well as in the AMA Superbike, Superstock and Daytona SportBike championships. He is son of a former professional motorcycle racer, Roberto Pietri.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on MotoGP.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on WorldSBK.com

description: Venezuelan motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Robertino Pietri

wikipedia_title: Robertino Pietri


text: Saratov Governorate

text: Moscow

text: Russian and Soviet poet

text: writer

text: translator

text: journalist

text: Acmeist

text: mathematics

text: gymnasium

text: Germany

text: Jena

text: Berlin

text: Saint Petersburg

text: Nikolai Gumilev

text: Acmeist circle

text: Vladimir Narbut

text: Saint Petersburg University

text: Valery Bryusov

text: Vyacheslav Ivanov

text: Sergey Gorodetsky

text: Boris Sadovskoy

text: Red Army

text: court martial

text: ROSTA

text: Alexander Blok

text: Velemir Khlebnikov

text: Moscow

text: Goslitizdat

text: Victor Hugo

text: Wright brothers

text: Novy Mir

text: American poets

text: Great Patriotic War

text: Chistopol

text: CPSU

text: Mike Gold

text: Robert Frost

text: Five poetic miniatures

categories: 20th-century Russian poets,Russian male poets,20th-century translators,1886 births,People from Saratov,Saint Petersburg State University alumni,1973 deaths,Translators to Russian,Soviet poets

paragraph: Mikhail Zenkevich

paragraph: Mikhail Alexandrovich Zenkevich (, 21 [9 o.s.] May 1886, v. Nikolayevsky gorodok, Saratov Governorate – 14 September 1973, Moscow, USSR) was a Russian and Soviet poet, writer, translator and journalist. A prominent figure in the Acmeist movement of the Russian poetry, he is also regarded as one of the founders of the Soviet school of poetry translation.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Mikhail Zenkevich was born in the rural area of Saratov region. His father Alexander Osipovich Zenkevich taught mathematics at the Marinsky Agricultural Community College, mother Evdokiya Semyonovna (née Neshcheretova) was a gymnasium teacher.

paragraph: In 1904, after graduating the First Saratov Gymnasium, Mikhail Zenkevich travelled abroad and spent two years in Germany, studying in the Universities of Jena and Berlin. In 1906 he published his first three poems in the Saratov-based "Zhizn y shkola" (Life and School) magazine. In 1907 Zenkevich moved to Saint Petersburg and started writing for magazines "Vesna", "Sovremenny mir", "Obrazovanye" and "Zavety". In 1910 he met Nikolai Gumilev who helped him to publish some of his poetry in the "Apollon" magazine (No. 9, 1910).

paragraph: In 1911 Zenkevich joined the newly formed First Workshop of Poets and became part of the Acmeist circle, striking close friendship with Vladimir Narbut. Around this time he enrolled into the Saint Petersburg University's law faculty which he graduated from in 1915. Before that, in 1912, Zenkevich's debut book of poetry "The Wild Porphyry" (Дикая порфира) in which the author explored the possibilities of 'expressing science through poetry', came out. It had strong resonance, with poets like Nikolai Gumilyov, Valery Bryusov, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Sergey Gorodetsky and Boris Sadovskoy giving it positive reviews.

paragraph: In December 1917 Zenkevich returned to his native Saratov to join the stuff of the local "Saratovskye Izvestia" newspaper. In 1918 his second collection "The Fourteen Poems" came out. A year later Zenkevich joined the Red Army as a volunteer and served there for three years first as a secretary for court martial, then the tribunal official at the Caucasian Front HQ where he also lectured on infantry weaponry. He continued to write and in 1921 published "Tanks' Harvest" (Пашня танков). Two more collections, "Lyrics" and "Porphybagr" (the latter combining the "Wild Porphyry" material with the poems from the new collection called "Under the Meat Porphyry") were prepared for publication but never issued. In the twenties he wrote "The Muzhik Sphinx" (1921–1928) book of memoirs, published only in 1978.

paragraph: Up until 1923 Zenkevich lived in Saratov where he worked for ROSTA and gave lectures (on Alexander Blok, Velemir Khlebnikov and others). In 1923 he moved to Moscow and joined first the "Rabotnik Prosveschenya" magazine (as a secretary) than Goslitizdat as a foreign literature editor. In 1923 his first translation (from Victor Hugo) was published. Several books of poetry ("Under the Steamer's Nose", 1926 and "The Late Flight", 1928 among them) followed. The Wright brothers biography written by Zenkevich came out in 1934 in the series. In 1934–1936 he worked in "Novy Mir" as a poetry department editor. In 1936 Zenkevich co-founded the "Poets of America" anthology and since then concentrated on translating the classic and contemporary American poets. This resulted in a series of anthologies: "From the American Poetry" (1846), "Poets of the XX Century. Foreign poetry translated my M.Zenkevich" (1965), "American Poetry in M.Zenkevich’s translations" (1969).

paragraph: As the Great Patriotic War started, Zenkevich, unfit for service for health reasons, was evacuated to Chistopol but often went to the frontlines to give poetry recitals, and worked for the radio. In 1947 he joined the CPSU. In 1960 he visited the United States to meet some of the poets whose work he translated, including Mike Gold and Robert Frost. After the War Zenkevich published several books of translated poetry, as well as his own work, "Through Thunderstorms of Years" (1962) and "The Selected Poems" (1973).

paragraph: Mikhail Zenkevich died on September 14, 1973, in Moscow.

paragraph: Section::::Selected bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wild Porphyry" (Дикая порфира, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fourteen Poems" (Четырнадцать стихотворений, 1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tanks' Harvest" (Пашня танков, 1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Under the Steamer's Nose" (Под пароходным носом, 1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Late Flight" (Последний пролёт, 1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Through Thunderstorms of Years" (Сквозь грозы лет, 1962)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Translations of three poems, with introductory essay

paragraph: BULLET::::- Five poetic miniatures

description: Russian poet and translator

wikidata_label: Mikhail Zenkevich

wikipedia_title: Mikhail Zenkevich


text:
Labour
Brighton Borough Council
Howard Johnson
Conservative
Peerage
Alliance Building Society
List of life peerages (1958–1979)

categories: 1897 births,Labour Party (UK) life peers,Place of death missing,1966 deaths,Place of birth missing,Councillors in East Sussex,English solicitors

paragraph: Lewis Cohen, Baron Cohen of Brighton

paragraph: Lewis Coleman Cohen, Baron Cohen of Brighton (28 March 1897 – 21 October 1966) was a British politician. Cohen was elected as a Labour councillor and Mayor to Brighton Borough Council. On the council he specialised in housing and worked together with Howard Johnson (a Conservative councillor) to support a local housing association. Cohen and Johnson also knew each other through business. Cohen was raised to the Peerage on 13 May 1965.

paragraph: He was the founder of the Alliance Building Society and had many building projects which were ahead of their time in Brighton and wider Sussex.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of life peerages (1958–1979)

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Lewis Cohen, Baron Cohen of Brighton

wikipedia_title: Lewis Cohen, Baron Cohen of Brighton


text:
Byzantine (East Roman) emperor
Zeno
Isaurian
Ariadne
Leo I
co-emperor
dysentery
Byzantine Senate
Zeno
Isaurian
Ariadne
Leo I
Verina
caesar
Hippodrome
Ecumenical Patriarch
consul
dysentery
Byzantine Senate
Victor of Tonona
Basiliscus
Armatus
House of Leo
Basiliscus
Anonymus Valesianus II
Chronicon Paschale
Makhtbhanuth Zabhne
Bar Hebraeus
Chronicle of Domninos
"Ecclesiastical History"
Evagrius Scholasticus
"Chronographia"
John Malalas
"Romana"
Jordanes
"Chronicle"
Michael the Syrian
Chronicle of Nestorianos
Chronicle
Theophanes the Confessor
Chronicle of Victor of Tonona
Extracts of History
Joannes Zonaras

categories: House of Leo,Flavii,Imperial Roman consuls,Ancient child rulers,467 births,474 deaths,5th-century Byzantine emperors

paragraph: Leo II (emperor)

paragraph: Leo II (; , "Leōn II"; c.467 – 10 November 474) was briefly the Byzantine (East Roman) emperor in 474AD when he was a child aged 7. He was the son of Zeno, the Isaurian general and future emperor, and Ariadne, the daughter of Emperor Leo I. Leo II was made co-emperor with his grandfather Leo I on 18 November 473, and became sole emperor on 18 January 474 after Leo I died of dysentery. His father Zeno was made co-emperor by the Byzantine Senate on 9 February and they co-ruled for a short time before Leo II died on 10 November 474.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Leo II was born in 467, the son of Zeno, an Isaurian general under Leo I, and Ariadne, the daughter of then emperor Leo I. He was the maternal grandson of Emperor Leo I and Empress Verina. Leo II was made "caesar" on 18 November 473, making him co-emperor alongside his grandfather Leo I. He was crowned at the Hippodrome, and the ceremony was presided over by the Ecumenical Patriarch. He was also appointed as the sole consul for 474 around this time. When Leo I died of dysentery on 19 January 474, Leo II ascended the throne. On 9 February 474, the Byzantine Senate made his father Zeno co-emperor under Leo II, as Leo II was too young to sign official documents. Leo II died soon after, on 10 November 474, at the age of 7, leaving Zeno as the sole emperor.

paragraph: His death having occurred so soon after he became emperor has led to speculation among some modern scholars that he was poisoned by his mother Ariadne so that Zeno could ascend to the throne. However no contemporary sources raised this suggestion, even though Zeno was unpopular, thus it is considered likely that Leo II's death was natural, especially when the high child mortality rate of the time is considered. Victor of Tonona, a 6th-century chronicler, says that Leo II did not actually die, but was rather taken by Ariadne and hidden at a monastery. This is very likely a confusion with Basiliscus, the son of the Byzantine commander Armatus. Basiliscus was crowned "caesar" in 476 and was almost executed in 477 after his father was murdered by Zeno, but was saved by Ariadne. The confusion likely stems from the fact that Basiliscus was renamed Leo in order to avoid association with the usurper who rose against Zeno.

paragraph: Zeno was vastly unpopular, due to a lack of dynastic prestige, with his only familial ties to the imperial throne being his marriage to Ariadne, the daughter of Leo I, and through his now-dead son Leo II. Additionally, because he was an Isaurian, he was seen as a foreigner by the Byzantine elite, and the treasury was empty on his ascension. Zeno's sole rule was opposed by the House of Leo, with Verina, the widow of Leo I, proclaiming her brother Basiliscus as emperor in January 475. Zeno fled, and for 20 months Basiliscus ruled before Zeno returned and retook the throne. Zeno's rule was marked by constant unrest, and it was only through cunning and bribery that he managed to rule for 17 years, until his death on 9 April 491.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anonymus Valesianus II" (Anonymous, 6th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chronicon Paschale" (Anonymous, 7th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Makhtbhanuth Zabhne" (Bar Hebraeus, 13th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronicle of Domninos (6th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ecclesiastical History" of Evagrius Scholasticus (6th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book XIV of the "Chronographia" of John Malalas (6th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romana" (Jordanes, 6th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chronicle" of Michael the Syrian (12th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronicle of Nestorianos (6th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor (8th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronicle of Victor of Tonona (6th century).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Extracts of History" (Joannes Zonaras, 12th century).

description: Byzantine emperor

wikidata_label: Leo II

wikipedia_title: Leo II (emperor)


text:
Cyrene
Cyrenaic school
Socrates
hedonism
Arete
Aristippus the Younger
Cyrene
Ancient Libya
Greece
Olympic games
Ischomachus
Socrates
Diodorus
Lais
Dionysius I of Syracuse
Dionysius the Younger
Artaphernes
Sparta
Rhodes
De architectura
Vitruvius
Socratic
Rhodians
geometrical
gymnasium
philosophical
Diogenes Laërtius
Horace
Xenophon
Plato
Memorabilia
Phaedo
Aegina
stadia
sophist
Arete
Aristippus the Younger
Sotion
Panaetius
Sosicrates
courtesans
young boys
Plato
Periander
Theophrastus
Cyrenaics Resource
Aristippus of Cyrene

categories: 360s BC deaths,4th-century BC philosophers,Cyrenean Greeks,Metic philosophers in Classical Athens,430s BC births,Cyrenaic philosophers,Ancient Greek ethicists,Founders of philosophical traditions

paragraph: Aristippus

paragraph: Aristippus of Cyrene (; ; c. 435 – c. 356 BCE) was the founder of the Cyrenaic school of Philosophy. He was a pupil of Socrates, but adopted a very different philosophical outlook, teaching that the goal of life was to seek pleasure by circumstances to oneself and by maintaining proper control over both adversity and prosperity. His outlook came to be called "ethical hedonism." Among his pupils was his daughter Arete.

paragraph: There are indications that he was conflated with his grandson, Aristippus the Younger.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Aristippus, the son of Aritades, was born in Cyrene, Ancient Libya, c. 435 BCE. He came to Greece to be present at the Olympic games, where he asked Ischomachus about Socrates, and by his description was filled with so ardent a desire to see Socrates, that he went to Athens for the purpose, and remained with him almost up to the time of his execution in 399. Diodorus dates him to 366, which agrees very well with the facts known about him, and with the statement that Lais, the courtesan with whom he was intimate, was born in 421.

paragraph: Though a disciple of Socrates, Aristippus wandered very far both in principle and practice from the teaching and example of his great master. He lived luxuriously, was happy to seek sensual gratification and the company of the notorious Lais. He also took money for his teaching, the first of Socrates' disciples to do so and even told Socrates that he resided in a foreign land in order to escape the trouble of involving himself in the politics of his native city. He passed part of his life at the court of Dionysius I of Syracuse or Dionysius the Younger, and is also said to have been taken prisoner by Artaphernes, the satrap who drove the Spartans from Rhodes in 396. He appears, however, at last to have returned to Cyrene, and there he spent his old age.

paragraph: In Book VI of "De architectura", Vitruvius describes Aristippus:

paragraph: It is related of the Socratic philosopher Aristippus that, being shipwrecked and cast ashore on the coast of the Rhodians, he observed geometrical figures drawn thereon, and cried out to his companions: "Let us be of good cheer, for I see the traces of man." With that he made for the city of Rhodes, and went straight to the gymnasium. There he fell to discussing philosophical subjects, and presents were bestowed upon him, so that he could not only fit himself out, but could also provide those who accompanied him with clothing and all other necessaries of life. When his companions wished to return to their country, and asked him what message he wished them to carry home, he bade them say this: that children ought to be provided with property and resources of a kind that could swim with them even out of a shipwreck.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.

paragraph: The anecdotes which are told of Aristippus (there are many in Diogenes Laërtius) by no means give us the notion of a person who was the mere slave of his passions, but rather of one who took a pride in extracting enjoyment from all circumstances of every kind, and in controlling adversity and prosperity alike. They illustrate and confirm the two statements of Horace, that to observe the precepts of Aristippus is "to endeavour to adapt circumstances to myself, not myself to circumstances" and that, "every complexion of life, every station and circumstance sat gracefully upon him." Thus when reproached for his love of bodily indulgences, he answered, that "it is not abstinence from pleasures that is best, but mastery over them without ever being worsted". When Dionysius, provoked at some of his remarks, ordered him to take the lowest place at table, he said, "You wish to dignify the seat". "Wise people, even though all laws were abolished, would still lead the same life" is the single most popular quotation of his on the Internet, where it is usually, and erroneously, attributed to the comic poet Aristophanes.

paragraph: Whether Aristippus was a prisoner to a satrap, grossly insulted and even spit upon by a tyrant, enjoying the pleasures of a banquet, or reviled for faithlessness to Socrates by his fellow-pupils, he maintained the same calm temper. He seemed insulting to Xenophon and Plato, as seen from the "Memorabilia", where he maintains a discussion against Socrates in defense of voluptuous enjoyment, and from the "Phaedo", where his absence at the death of Socrates, though he was only at Aegina, 200 stadia from Athens, is doubtless mentioned as a reproach. Aristotle, too, calls him a sophist, and notices a story of Plato's speaking to him, with rather undue vehemence, and of his replying with calmness.

paragraph: Aristippus imparted his doctrine to his daughter Arete who, in turn, imparted it to her son, Aristippus the Younger, who is said to have reduced it to a system. Diogenes Laërtius, on the authority of Sotion and Panaetius, gives a long list of books whose authorship is ascribed to Aristippus, though he also states that according to Sosicrates of Rhodes, Aristippus never wrote anything. Some letters attributed to him are forgeries. Although his dubious reputation has survived into modern times, his philosophy of ethical hedonism, as its name implies, was not entirely amoral. He admonished his students to never harm others, and cautioned that the pursuit of pleasure ought to be moderated by moral self-restraint.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.:"On Ancient Luxury".

paragraph: One work attributed to "Aristippus" in ancient times was a scandalous work entitled "On Ancient Luxury" (or "On the Luxury of the Ancients"; ). This work, judging by the quotations preserved by Diogenes Laërtius, was filled with spicy anecdotes about philosophers and their supposed taste for courtesans and young boys. Thus the author supports his claims for Plato's various erotic relationships through his quotation of epigrams attributed to the philosopher, and makes an extreme allegation that Periander committed incest with his own mother. That this work cannot have been written by Aristippus of Cyrene has long been realised, not least because the author mentions Theophrastus who lived a generation after Aristippus. The name may have been adopted by the writer to suggest a connection with the hedonistic philosopher.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voula Tsouna, "The Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School", Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ugo Zilioli, The Cyrenaics, New York: Acumen / Routledge, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cyrenaics Resource Handbook of Cyrenaic resources, primary and secondary, includes Aristippus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aristippus of Cyrene on Ancient History Encyclopedia

description: Greek philosopher and founder of the Cyrenaic school of Philosophy

wikidata_label: Aristippus

wikipedia_title: Aristippus


text:
Byzantine emperor
Heraclius
Eudokia
Constans II
Gregoria
Nicetas
incest
Martina
Constans II
Sassanid
Yazdgerd III
Heraklonas
solidi
Valentinus
tuberculosis
Constans II
Gregoria
Constans II
Yazdgerd III
List of Byzantine emperors
Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium

categories: 612 births,7th-century Byzantine emperors,Porphyrogennetoi,640s in the Byzantine Empire,Heraclian Dynasty,7th-century deaths from tuberculosis,641 deaths

paragraph: Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)

paragraph: Constantine III (; ; 3 May 612 – 20 April or 24/26 May 641) was Byzantine emperor for four months in 641, making him the shortest reigning Byzantine emperor. He was the eldest son of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudokia.

paragraph: Constantine's birth name was Heraclius Novus Constantinus, (), which was also the official name under which he reigned. The name Constantine became established in later Byzantine texts as short for the Emperor and has become standard in modern historiography. In terms of official imperial nomenclature, the style "Constantine III" would be more appropriate for his son Constans II (r. 641–668).

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Constantine was crowned co-emperor by his father on 22 January 613 and shortly after was betrothed to his cousin, Gregoria, a daughter of his father's first cousin, Nicetas. As the couple were second cousins, the marriage was technically incestuous, but this consideration must have been outweighed by the advantages of the match to the family as a whole. Furthermore, its illegality paled into insignificance beside Heraclius' marriage to his niece Martina the same year. In comparison, Constantine's marriage was far less scandalous than that of his father.

paragraph: Constantine and Gregoria married in 629 or perhaps early 630 and in that year their first child, Constans II was born. Their second child was another son, Theodosius. They also had a daughter named Manyanh who later married the last Sassanid King of Persia, Yazdgerd III.

paragraph: Constantine became senior Emperor when his father died in 641. He reigned together with his younger half-brother Heraklonas, the son of Martina. His supporters feared action against him on the part of Martina and Heraklonas, and the treasurer Philagrius advised him to write to the army, informing them that he was dying and asking for their assistance in protecting the rights of his children. He also sent a vast sum of money, more than two million "solidi" (gold coins), to Valentinus, an adjutant of Philagrius, to distribute to the soldiers to persuade them to secure the succession for his sons after his death. Indeed, he died of tuberculosis after only four months, leaving Heraklonas sole emperor. A rumor that Martina had him poisoned led first to the imposition of Constans II as co-emperor and then to the deposition, mutilation, and banishment of Martina and her sons.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his wife Gregoria, the daughter of Niketas, Constantine III had two sons and a daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constans II, who succeeded as emperor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodosius

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manyanh (Maria), who married Yazdgerd III, last Sassanid Emperor of Persia

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Byzantine emperors

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium", Oxford University Press, 1991.

description: Byzantine Emperor in 641

wikidata_label: Constantine III

wikipedia_title: Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)


text:
Byzantine Empire
consul
Constantine III
Gregoria
Heraclius
Heraklonas
Martina
Valentinus
Patriarch Paul II of Constantinople
Egypt
Uthman
Mediterranean Sea
Aegean Sea
Alexandria
Monothelitism
Exarch of Carthage
Gregory the Patrician
battle
Caliphate
civil war
Jesus Christ
Type of Constans
Caliphate
Armenia
Cappadocia
Caesarea Mazaca
Phrygia
Crete
Cilicia
Isauria
Syria
Muawiyah
Muawiyah
Rhodes
Lycia
Battle of the Masts
Theophanes the Confessor
Thessalonika
Constantinople
first Fitna
Slavs
Balkans
resettled
Media
Pope Martin I
Monothelitism
Lateran Council of 649
Ravenna
Olympius
Theodore I Calliopas
Cherson
Syracuse
Sicily
Lombard
Duchy of Benevento
Southern Italy
Grimoald I of Benevento
Neustria
Taranto
Lucera
Benevento
Naples
Forino
Avellino
Salerno
Rome
Pope Vitalian
Pantheon
Pope of Rome
Archbishop of Ravenna
exarch
Calabria
Sardinia
Warren Treadgold
themes
assassinate
chamberlain
Theophilus of Edessa
bucket
Constantine IV
Mezezius
Chinese dynastic histories
Old Book of Tang
New Book of Tang
Daqin
Roman Empire
Emperor Taizong of Tang
red
glass
gemstone
the Arabs
Chinese
Pinyin
besiege the Byzantine capital
Constantinople
Friedrich Hirth
Muawiyah I
governor of Syria
Umayyad caliph
massive granite walls
water clock
Theophylact Simocatta
Heraclius
China's geography
Old Turkic
Chang'an
Son of God
"Tianzi"
Sui Dynasty
Maurice
Yangzi River
two warring nations
Fausta
Constantine IV
Heraclius
Tiberius
List of Byzantine emperors
Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
Liber Pontificalis
Paul the Deacon

categories: Medieval child rulers,668 deaths,7th-century Byzantine emperors,Assassinated Byzantine emperors,630 births,Imperial Roman consuls,650s in the Byzantine Empire,640s in the Byzantine Empire,Heraclian Dynasty,7th-century murdered monarchs

paragraph: Constans II

paragraph: Constans II (, "Kōnstas II"; or "Flavius Constantinus Augustus"; 7 November 630 – 15 September 668), also called Constantine the Bearded (Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Πωγωνάτος "Kōnstantinos ho Pogonatos"), was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 641 to 668. He was the last emperor to serve as consul, in 642. Constans is a nickname given to the Emperor, who had been baptized Herakleios and reigned officially as Constantine. The nickname established itself in Byzantine texts and has become standard in modern historiography.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life and reign as co-emperor.

paragraph: Constans was the son of Constantine III and Gregoria. After the death of Constantine III's father Heraclius, Constantine ruled with his half-brother Heraklonas through Heraclius' second marriage to Martina. Due to rumors that Heraklonas and Martina poisoned Constantine III, Constans II was named co-emperor. Later that same year his uncle was deposed, and Constans II was left as sole emperor.

paragraph: Constans owed his rise to the throne to a popular reaction against his uncle and to the protection of the soldiers led by the general Valentinus. Although the precocious emperor addressed the senate with a speech blaming Heraklonas and Martina for eliminating his father, he reigned under a regency of senators led by Patriarch Paul II of Constantinople. In 644 Valentinus attempted to seize power for himself but failed.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:As sole emperor.

paragraph: Under Constans, the Byzantines completely withdrew from Egypt in 642, and Caliph Uthman launched numerous attacks on the islands of the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Sea. A Byzantine fleet under the admiral Manuel occupied Alexandria again in 645, and the Alexandrians hailed him as a liberator, since the caliphate levied heavier taxes and showed less respect for their religion. However, Manuel squandered his time and popularity in plundering the countryside, and eventually the Arab army managed to force him to embark for home. The situation was complicated by the violent opposition to Monothelitism by the clergy in the west and the related rebellion of the Exarch of Carthage, Gregory the Patrician. The latter fell in battle against the army of Caliph Uthman, and the region remained a vassal state under the Caliphate until civil war broke out and imperial rule was again restored.

paragraph: Constans attempted to steer a middle line in the church dispute between Orthodoxy and Monothelitism by refusing to persecute either and prohibiting further discussion of the natures of Jesus Christ by decree in 648 (the Type of Constans). Naturally, this live-and-let-live compromise satisfied few passionate participants in the dispute.

paragraph: Meanwhile, the advance of the Caliphate continued unabated. In 647 they entered Armenia and Cappadocia and sacked Caesarea Mazaca. In the same year, they raided Africa and killed Gregory. In 648 the Arabs raided into Phrygia, and in 649 they launched their first maritime expedition against Crete. A major Arab offensive into Cilicia and Isauria in 650–651 forced the Emperor to enter into negotiations with Caliph Uthman's governor of Syria, Muawiyah. The truce that followed allowed a short respite and made it possible for Constans to hold on to the western portions of Armenia.

paragraph: In 654, however, Muawiyah renewed his raids by sea, plundering Rhodes. Constans led a fleet to attack the Muslims at Phoinike (off Lycia) in 655 at the Battle of the Masts, but he was defeated: 500 Byzantine ships were destroyed in the battle, and the Emperor himself was almost killed. The sea battle was so devastating that the emperor escaped only by trading clothes with one of his men. Before the battle, chronicler Theophanes the Confessor says, the Emperor dreamed of being at Thessalonika; this dream predicted his defeat against the Arabs because the word Thessalonika is similar to the sentence "thes allo niken", which means "gave victory to another (the enemy)". Caliph Uthman was preparing to attack Constantinople, but he did not carry out the plan, as the first Fitna broke out in 656.

paragraph: In 658, with the eastern frontier under less pressure, Constans defeated the Slavs in the Balkans, temporarily reasserting some notion of Byzantine rule over them and resettled some of them in Anatolia (ca. 649 or 667). In 659 he campaigned far to the east, taking advantage of a rebellion against the Caliphate in Media. The same year he concluded peace with the Arabs.

paragraph: Now Constans could turn to church matters once again. Pope Martin I had condemned both Monothelitism and Constans' attempt to halt debates over it in the Lateran Council of 649. Now the Emperor ordered his Exarch of Ravenna to arrest the Pope. Exarch Olympius excused himself from this task, but his successor, Theodore I Calliopas, carried it out in 653. Pope Martin was brought to Constantinople and condemned as a criminal, ultimately being exiled to Cherson, where he died in 655.

paragraph: Constans grew increasingly fearful that his younger brother, Theodosius, could oust him from the throne; he therefore obliged Theodosius to take holy orders and later had him killed in 660. Constans' sons Constantine, Heraclius, and Tiberius had been associated on the throne since the 650s. However, having attracted the hatred of the citizens of Constantinople, Constans decided to leave the capital and to move to Syracuse in Sicily.

paragraph: From there, in 663, he launched an assault against the Lombard Duchy of Benevento, which then encompassed most of Southern Italy. Taking advantage of the fact that Lombard king Grimoald I of Benevento was engaged against Frankish forces from Neustria, Constans disembarked at Taranto and besieged Lucera and Benevento. However, the latter resisted and Constans withdrew to Naples. During the journey from Benevento to Naples, Constans II was defeated by Mitolas, Count of Capua, near Pugna. Constans ordered Saburrus, the commander of his army, to attack the Lombards again, but he was defeated by the Beneventani at Forino, between Avellino and Salerno.

paragraph: In 663 Constans visited Rome for twelve days—the only emperor to set foot in Rome for two centuries—and was received with great honor by Pope Vitalian (657–672). Although on friendly terms with Vitalian, he stripped buildings, including the Pantheon, of their ornaments and bronze to be carried back to Constantinople, and in 666 declared the Pope of Rome to have no jurisdiction over the Archbishop of Ravenna, since that city was the seat of the exarch, his immediate representative. His subsequent moves in Calabria and Sardinia were marked by further strippings and request of tributes that enraged his Italian subjects.

paragraph: According to Warren Treadgold, the first "themes" were created between 659 and 661, during the reign of Constans II.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Death and succession.

paragraph: Rumours that he was going to move the capital of the Empire to Syracuse were probably fatal for Constans. On September 15, 668, he was assassinated in his bath by his chamberlain, according to Theophilus of Edessa, with a bucket.

paragraph: His son Constantine succeeded him as Constantine IV. A brief usurpation in Sicily by Mezezius was quickly suppressed by the new emperor.

paragraph: Section::::Record in Chinese sources.

paragraph: The Chinese dynastic histories of the "Old Book of Tang" and "New Book of Tang" mention (拂菻), which they equated with Daqin (the Roman Empire). These are recorded as having begun in the year 643 with an embassy sent by the king "Boduoli" (波多力, Constans II Pogonatos) to Emperor Taizong of Tang, bearing gifts such as red glass and green gemstones. Other contacts are reported taking place in 667, 701, and perhaps 719, sometimes through Central Asian intermediaries. These histories also record that the Arabs ("Da shi" 大食) sent their commander "Mo-yi" (Chinese: 摩拽伐之, Pinyin: "Mó zhuāi fá zhī"), to besiege the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, and forced the Byzantines to pay them tribute. This Arab commander "Mo-yi" was identified by historian Friedrich Hirth as Muawiyah I (r. 661–680), the governor of Syria before becoming the Umayyad caliph. The same books also described Constantinople in some detail as having massive granite walls and a water clock mounted with a golden statue of man. The Byzantine historian Theophylact Simocatta, writing during the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), relayed information about China's geography, its capital city "Khubdan" (Old Turkic: "Khumdan", i.e. Chang'an), its current ruler "Taisson" whose name meant "Son of God" (Chinese: "Tianzi"), and correctly pointed to its reunification by the Sui Dynasty (581–618) as occurring during the reign of Maurice, noting that China had previously been divided politically along the Yangzi River by two warring nations.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his wife Fausta, a daughter of the patrician Valentinus, Constans II had three sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantine IV, who succeeded him as Emperor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heraclius, co-emperor from 659 to 681

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tiberius, co-emperor from 659 to 681

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Byzantine emperors

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Liber Pontificalis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul the Deacon, "Historia Langobardorum", Book V

description: Byzantine Emperor

wikidata_label: Constans II

wikipedia_title: Constans II


text: Byzantine Emperor

text: Islamic

text: Sixth Ecumenical Council

text: monothelitism

text: Byzantine Empire

text: Constans II

text: Constantinople

text: Fausta

text: Valentinus

text: Sicily

text: Mezezius

text: Pope Vitalian

text: Caliph

text: Muawiyah I

text: Saborios

text: Armenia

text: Yazid

text: Byzantine Empire

text: Chalcedon

text: Amorion

text: Arab

text: Carthage

text: Cyzicus

text: Smyrna

text: Constantinople

text: Slavs

text: laid siege

text: Thessalonica

text: Abdu'l-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr

text: Smyrna

text: Cilicia

text: Hellespont

text: Propontis

text: Kyklobion

text: Golden Gate

text: Greek fire

text: Lycia

text: Anatolia

text: Aegean

text: Monothelitism

text: Sixth Ecumenical Council

text: Council of Chalcedon

text: monothelitism

text: Umayyad

text: Caliph

text: Lombards

text: Brindisi

text: Taranto

text: Bulgars

text: Asparukh

text: Danube

text: Dobruja

text: was defeated

text: Bulgar state

text: Moesia

text: Thrace

text: Theme of Thrace

text: Heraclius

text: Tiberius

text: Augusti

text: mutilated

text: Justinian II

text: dysentery

text: Anastasia

text: Justinian II

text: Heraclius

text: Pope Benedict II

text: Iossif Surchadzhiev

text: Aszparuh

text: Epizod

text: Theophanes the Confessor

text: MacMillan & Co.

text: List of Byzantine emperors

categories: 7th-century Byzantine emperors,Deaths from dysentery,652 births,685 deaths,Porphyrogennetoi,Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars,680s in the Byzantine Empire,Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars,Heraclian Dynasty,670s in the Byzantine Empire,660s in the Byzantine Empire

paragraph: Constantine IV

paragraph: Constantine IV (; ; c. 652 – 14 September 685), sometimes incorrectly called Pogonatos (Πωγωνάτος), "the Bearded", out of confusion with his father, was Byzantine Emperor from 668 to 685. His reign saw the first serious check to nearly 50 years of uninterrupted Islamic expansion, while his calling of the Sixth Ecumenical Council saw the end of the monothelitism controversy in the Byzantine Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: The eldest son of Constans II, Constantine IV had been named a co-emperor with his father in 654. He had been given the responsibility of managing the affairs at Constantinople during his father’s extended absence in Italy and became senior Emperor when Constans was assassinated in 668. His mother was Fausta, daughter of patrician Valentinus.

paragraph: The first task before the new Emperor was the suppression of the military revolt in Sicily under Mezezius which had led to his father's death. Within seven months of his accession, Constantine IV had dealt with the insurgency with the support of Pope Vitalian. But this success was overshadowed by troubles in the east.

paragraph: As early as 668 the Caliph Muawiyah I received an invitation from Saborios, the commander of the troops in Armenia, to help overthrow the Emperor at Constantinople. He sent an army under his son Yazid against the Byzantine Empire. Yazid reached Chalcedon and took the important Byzantine center Amorion. While the city was quickly recovered, the Arabs next attacked Carthage and Sicily in 669. In 670 the Arabs captured Cyzicus and set up a base from which to launch further attacks into the heart of the Empire. Their fleet captured Smyrna and other coastal cities in 672. Finally, in 672, the Arabs sent a large fleet to attack Constantinople by sea. While Constantine was distracted by this, the Slavs laid siege to Thessalonica.

paragraph: Section::::The Siege of Constantinople (674-678).

paragraph: Commencing in 674, the Arabs launched the long-awaited siege of Constantinople. The great fleet that had been assembled set sail under the command of Abdu'l-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr before the end of the year; during the winter months some of the ships anchored at Smyrna, the rest off the coast of Cilicia. Additional squadrons reinforced the forces of Abd ar-Rahman before they proceeded to the Hellespont, into which they sailed in about April 674. From April to September 674 the fleet lay moored from the promontory of Hebdomon, on the Propontis, as far as the promontory of Kyklobion, near the Golden Gate, and throughout those months continued to engage with the Byzantine fleet which defended the harbour from morning to evening.

paragraph: Knowing that it was only a matter of time before Constantinople was under siege, Constantine had ensured that the city was well provisioned. He also constructed a large number of fireships and fast-sailing boats provided with tubes or siphons for squirting fire. This is the first known use of Greek fire in combat, which was one of the key advantages that the Byzantines possessed. In September the Arabs, having failed in their attempts to take the city, sailed to Cyzicus, which they made their winter quarters. Over the following five years, the Arabs would return each spring to continue the siege of Constantinople, but with the same results. The city survived, and finally in 678 the Arabs were forced to raise the siege. The Arabs withdrew and were almost simultaneously defeated on land in Lycia in Anatolia. This unexpected reverse forced Muawiyah I to seek a truce with Constantine. The terms of the concluded truce required the Arabs to evacuate the islands they had seized in the Aegean, and to pay an annual tribute to the Emperor consisting of fifty slaves, fifty horses, and 3,000 pounds of gold. The raising of the siege allowed Constantine to go to the relief of Thessalonica, still under siege from the Slavs.

paragraph: Section::::Later reign.

paragraph: With the temporary passing of the Arab threat, Constantine turned his attention to the Church, which was torn between Monothelitism and Orthodoxy. In November 680 Constantine convened the Sixth Ecumenical Council (also known as the Third Council of Constantinople). Constantine presided in person during the formal aspects of the proceedings (the first eleven sittings and then the eighteenth), surrounded by his court officials, but he took no active role in the theological discussions. The Council reaffirmed the Orthodox doctrines of the Council of Chalcedon in 451. This solved the controversy over monothelitism; conveniently for the Empire, most monothelites were now under the control of the Umayyad Caliphate. The council closed in September 681.

paragraph: Due to the ongoing conflicts with the Arabs during the 670s, Constantine had been forced to conclude treaties in the west with the Lombards, who had captured Brindisi and Taranto. Also in 680, the Bulgars under Khan Asparukh crossed the Danube into nominally Imperial territory and began to subjugate the local communities and Slavic tribes. In 680, Constantine IV led a combined land and sea operation against the invaders and besieged their fortified camp in Dobruja. Suffering from bad health, the Emperor had to leave the army, which panicked and was defeated by the Bulgars. In 681, Constantine was forced to acknowledge the Bulgar state in Moesia and to pay tribute/protection money to avoid further inroads into Byzantine Thrace. Consequently, Constantine created the Theme of Thrace.

paragraph: His brothers Heraclius and Tiberius had been crowned with him as "Augusti" during the reign of their father, and this was confirmed by the demand of the populace, but in 681 Constantine had them mutilated so they would be ineligible to rule. At the same time he associated on the throne his own young son Justinian II. Constantine died of dysentery in September 685.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: By his wife Anastasia, Constantine IV had at least two sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justinian II, who succeeded him as emperor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heraclius, known only from an episode in which his father sent locks of his and his brother's hair to Pope Benedict II.

paragraph: Section::::In art and popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantine IV was portrayed by Iossif Surchadzhiev in the 1981 Bulgarian movie "Aszparuh", directed by Ludmil Staikov.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantine IV is the subject of the song "Imperator" ("Emperor"), released by the Bulgarian heavy metal band Epizod in their 2012 album "Moyata molitva" ("My prayer").

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theophanes the Confessor, "Chronographia".

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moore, R. Scott, "Constantine IV (668 -685 A.D.)", "De Imperatoribus Romanis" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Warren Treadgold, "A History of the Byzantine State and Society" (Stanford University Press, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bury, J.B., "A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, Vol. II", MacMillan & Co., 1889

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garland, Lynda,

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Byzantine emperors

description: Byzantine emperor

wikidata_label: Constantine IV

wikipedia_title: Constantine IV


text: conductor

text: La Scala, Milan

text: Paris

text: France

text: Novara

text: Italy

text: Milan Conservatory

text: World War II

text: Nazi

text: Arturo Toscanini

text: La Scala, Milan

text: NBC Symphony Orchestra

text: concert halls

text: Europe

text: United States

text: South Africa

text: NBC Symphony

text: New York Philharmonic

text: Boston Symphony Orchestra

text: Philharmonia Orchestra

text: Paris

text: France

text: Dimitri Mitropoulos

text: Leonard Bernstein

text: Beethoven

text: 7th symphony

text: 5th piano concerto

text: Walter Gieseking

text: Carnegie Hall

text: Schubert

text: 8th symphony

text: Brahms

text: 3rd symphonies

text: Franck

text: D minor symphony

text: Carnegie Hall

text: Mussorgsky

text: Pictures at an Exhibition

text: Paul Hindemith

text: Liszt

text: 2nd piano concerto

text: Claudio Arrau

text: Ravel

text: Rossini

text: Vivaldi

text: The Four Seasons

text: Columbia Records

text: Così fan tutte

text: Verdi

text: Requiem

text: Herva Nelli

text: Mozart

text: Requiem

text: La Scala

text: New York Philharmonic

text: Rudolf Serkin

text: Rossini

text: Semiramide

text: Brief biography

categories: 20th-century conductors (music),1956 deaths,1920 births,Italian male conductors (music),Milan Conservatory alumni,Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in France,Italian conductors (music),20th-century Italian musicians,Italian military personnel of World War II,People from Novara

paragraph: Guido Cantelli

paragraph: Guido Cantelli (27 April 192024 November 1956) was an Italian orchestral conductor. He was named Musical Director of La Scala, Milan in November 1956 but his promising career was cut short only one week later by his death at the age of 36 in an airplane crash in Paris, France.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Novara, Italy, in 1920, Cantelli studied at the Milan Conservatory and began a promising conducting career, which was interrupted by World War II, during which he was forced to serve in the Italian army, then placed in a German labor camp because of his outspoken opposition to the Nazis. He became ill and managed to escape the camp. He resumed his musical career after the Allies liberated Italy.

paragraph: Arturo Toscanini saw Cantelli conduct at La Scala, Milan and was so impressed that he invited him to guest conduct the NBC Symphony Orchestra in 1949. In a note written to Cantelli's wife Iris in 1950 after four of these concerts, Toscanini said:

paragraph: I am happy and moved to inform you of Guido's great success and that I introduced him to my orchestra, which loves him as I do. This is the first time in my long career that I have met a young man so gifted. He will go far, very far.

paragraph: In the course of his brief career, he had conducted not only in many of the most famous concert halls of Europe but also in the United States and South Africa. Besides conducting the NBC Symphony from 1949 to 1954, Cantelli also guest conducted the New York Philharmonic and the Boston Symphony Orchestra in the U.S. and the Philharmonia Orchestra in the UK.

paragraph: He was named Musical Director of La Scala on 16 November 1956, but he died in the crash of LAI Flight 451 at Orly Airport in Paris, France only a week later, on 24 November. He was aged only 36. Toscanini, who was in failing health and died less than two months later, was never told of Cantelli's death.

paragraph: At the time of his death, Cantelli was being considered as the next music director of the New York Philharmonic, as successor to Dimitri Mitropoulos; instead, Leonard Bernstein (who also guest conducted the NBC Symphony) was appointed conductor of the Philharmonic in 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Performances and recordings.

paragraph: Cantelli left a small legacy of commercial recordings. Among them are recordings of Beethoven's 7th symphony and 5th piano concerto (with Walter Gieseking and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in Carnegie Hall from 25 March 1956), Schubert's 8th symphony, Brahms' 1st and 3rd symphonies, Franck's D minor symphony (with the NBC Symphony in Carnegie Hall in stereo from 6 April 1954), Mussorgsky's "Pictures at an Exhibition", Paul Hindemith's "", Liszt's 2nd piano concerto with Claudio Arrau, and shorter pieces by Ravel, Rossini, and others. He recorded Vivaldi's "The Four Seasons" with the New York Philharmonic for Columbia Records.

paragraph: His one surviving opera performance is of "Così fan tutte", from La Scala in 1956. There is also a live recording of the Verdi "Requiem" (with Herva Nelli). He conducted the Mozart "Requiem" at La Scala in 1950. There are live recordings with the New York Philharmonic of Beethoven's first and fifth piano concertos, with Rudolf Serkin as soloist, from 1953 and 1954, respectively.

paragraph: The Franck, Brahms 3rd, Schubert 8th, and Beethoven 7th symphonies were among his few stereo recordings. Just before his death, Cantelli recorded the final three movements of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 for EMI, but did not record the first movement. In recent years, many performances from broadcasts and recording sessions with the NBC Symphony, from 1949 to 1954, have been made available.

paragraph: There is a film clip of Cantelli conducting the final moments of Rossini's overture to "Semiramide".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Database of all Guido Cantelli recordings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brief biography

description: Italian conductor

wikidata_label: Guido Cantelli

wikipedia_title: Guido Cantelli


text:
Byzantine emperor
droungarios
Cibyrrhaeot
John the Patrician
Leontios
Carthage
Exarchate of Africa
Umayyads
Crete
Justinian II
Slavs
Bulgars
Bithynia
Prote
Leontios
droungarios
Cibyrrhaeot
Anatolia
Umayyad Caliphate
Second Fitna
Husayn ibn Ali
Alid
Yazid I
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
Muawiyah II
Sufyanid
Abu Sufyan
Marwan I
Abd al-Malik
Justinian II
Armenia
Iberia
Azerbaijan
Caucasian Albania
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Iberia
Cyprus
Constantine IV
Battle of Sebastopolis
Slavs
North Africa
Carthage
Exarchate of Africa
Cherson
exclave
nose cut off
Exarchate of Africa
Carthage
John the Patrician
Crete
regnal name
Green faction
Hippodrome
Constantinople
bubonic plague
Monastery of Psamathion
Callinicus
Heraclius
monostrategos
Cilicia
Cyprus
Cyzicus
Propontis
Taurus Mountains
Philippikos Bardanes
Cephalonia
Khazar
Khagan
Busir
Theodora
Phanagoria
Bulgar
Tervel
Slavs
Palace of Blachernae
Sozopolis
Bithynia
Prote

categories: 7th-century Byzantine emperors,690s in the Byzantine Empire,8th-century Byzantine emperors,Byzantine admirals,7th-century births,Twenty Years' Anarchy,706 deaths

paragraph: Tiberius III

paragraph: Tiberius III (, "Tiberios III"; ) was Byzantine emperor from 15 February 698 to 21 August 705. Little is known of Tiberius early life, other than that he was "droungarios" of Cibyrrhaeot, and that his birth name was Apsimar. In 696, Tiberius was part of an army led by John the Patrician sent by Byzantine Emperor Leontios to retake the city of Carthage in the Exarchate of Africa, which had been captured by the Arab Umayyads. After being pushed back by Umayyad reinforcements after seizing the city, the forces retreated to the island of Crete; some of the officers, fearing the wrath of Leontios, killed John and declared Tiberius emperor. Tiberius swiftly gathered a fleet, sailed for Constantinople, and deposed Leontios. Tiberius did not attempt to retake Byzantine Africa from the Umayyads, but campaigned against the Umayyads along the eastern border with some success. In 705 former Emperor Justinian II, who had been deposed by Leontios, led an army of Slavs and Bulgars to Constantinople, and after sneaking into the city, deposed Tiberius. Tiberius fled to Bithynia, but was captured several months later and beheaded at some point between August 705 and February 706. His body was initially thrown into the sea, but was later recovered and buried in a church on the island of Prote.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Very little is known of Tiberius before the reign of Byzantine Emperor Leontios, except that he was a "droungarios", a commander of about a thousand men, of Cibyrrhaeot, a region in southern Anatolia, and his birth name was Apsimar.

paragraph: Starting in 680AD the primary rival of the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate erupted into a civil war known as the Second Fitna. Husayn ibn Ali the Alid declared himself a caliph in early 680, revolting against the Umayyad Caliph Yazid I, but was defeated in October 680 and executed. Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr declared himself caliph in November 683, and was recognized as the legitimate caliph by many of the Umayyad governors, including those of Egypt and Iraq. Yazid died in November 683, and was succeeded by Muawiyah II, who was only able to exercise authority in some parts of Syria. The situation worsened when Muawiyah died a few months later with no suitable Sufyanid (Descendants of Abu Sufyan) heir, causing many of the Syrian tribes to support Ibn al-Zubayr, rather than Muawiyah's heir, Marwan I. Marwan turned the civil war in the favor of the Umayyads, regaining full control of Syria and then focusing on reconquering lost territories. Marwan died in 685, and was succeeded by his son Abd al-Malik, who would not manage to defeat the Zubayrids until 692.

paragraph: The civil war in the Umayyad Caliphate provided an opportunity for the Byzantine Empire to attack their weakened rival, and in 686, Emperor Justinian II sent Leontios to invade Umayyad territory in Armenia and Iberia, where he campaigned successfully before leading troops in Azerbaijan and Caucasian Albania. The successful campaigns led by Leontios compelled Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan to sue for peace in 688, agreeing to give part of the taxes from Umayyad territory in Armenia, Iberia, and Cyprus, and to renew a tribute treaty which had been signed originally under Constantine IV, to pay a weekly tribute of 1,000 pieces of gold, one horse, and one slave.

paragraph: Justinian renewed his invasion of the Umayyads again in 692, feeling that they were still in a weak position, however this invasion was repulsed at the at the Battle of Sebastopolis, where a large number of Slavs defected to the Umayyads and ensured the Byzantines were defeated. After defeating the Byzantines, the Umayyads renewed their invasion of North Africa, aimed at seizing the city of Carthage in the Exarchate of Africa. Justinian blamed Leontios for these defeats, and had him imprisoned. However after further setbacks in the war Justinian had Leontios released in 695, hoping that he could turn the tide of the war and prevent Carthage from being taken; however once freed Leontios seized the Byzantine throne and exiled Justinian to Cherson, a Byzantine exclave in the Crimea, after having his nose cut off.

paragraph: In 696, the Umayyads under Caliph Abd al-Malik renewed their attack upon the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa, focused upon seizing the city of Carthage, and managed to capture the city in 697. Leontios sent John the Patrician with an army to retake the city, which John accomplished after launching a surprise attack on its harbor. Despite this initial success, the city was swiftly retaken by Umayyad reinforcements, which forced John to retreat to Crete to regroup. A group of officers who feared Emperor Leontios wrath for failing to recapture Carthage killed John, and declared Apsimar, who took the regnal name Tiberius III, the emperor. Tiberius gathered a fleet and allied himself with the Green faction (one of the Hippodrome factions), before sailing for Constantinople, which was enduring the bubonic plague. After several months of siege, on 15 February 698, the gates to Constantinople were opened for Tiberius forces by members of the Green faction, allowing Tiberius to seize the city and depose Leontios. Tiberius had Leontios nose slit, and sent him to live in the Monastery of Psamathion in Constantinople.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Rule.

paragraph: Tiberius was crowned by Patriarch Callinicus shortly after seizing control of Constantinople and deposing Leontios. Once in power, Tiberius did not attempt to retake Byzantine Africa from the Umayyads, but rather focused his attention upon the eastern border of his empire. Tiberius appointed his brother, Heraclius, as "monostrategos" of the Anatolian themes, and in 700 he instructed him to campaign against the Umayyads in Anatolia and Syria. From 700–701, Heraclius led raids into northern Syria, securing minor victories. Heraclius then went on to seize part of Armenia, and from 703–704 repelled Umayyad incursions into Cilicia, inflicting heavy casualties upon the Umayyads. While these campaigns were initially successful, the Byzantines were later repulsed and lost control of Armenia.

paragraph: Tiberius attempted to strengthen the Byzantine military by reorganizing its structure, as well as reorganizing the Cibyrrhaeotic Theme, and repaired the sea walls of Constantinople. Tiberius also focused his attention on the island of Cyprus, which had been underpopulated since much of the populace was moved to the region of Cyzicus under Justinian: Tiberius successfully negotiated with Abd al-Malik in 698/699 to allow the Cypriots and Syrians who had been captured near the Propontis to return to their homelands, as well as strengthened the garrison of the island with troops from the Taurus Mountains. Tiberius also banished the future emperor Philippikos Bardanes, the son of a patrician, to the island of Cephalonia.

paragraph: In 693 Justinian escaped from Cherson and gained the support of the Khazar Khagan Busir, who gave Justinian his sister Theodora as a bride, and welcomed him to his court in Phanagoria. In 703 reports that Justinian was attempting to gain support to retake the throne reached Tiberius, who swiftly sent envoys to the Khazars demanding that Justinian be handed over to the Byzantines, dead or alive. Justinian eluded capture, and sought the support of the Bulgar king Tervel. In 705 Justinian led an army of Slavs and Bulgars to Constantinople, and laid siege to it for three days, before scouts discovered an old and disused conduit which ran under the walls of the city. On 21 August 21 705, Justinian and a small detachment of soldiers used this route to gain access to the city, exiting at the northern edge of the wall near the Palace of Blachernae, and quickly seizing the building. Tiberius fled to the city of Sozopolis in Bithynia, and remained elusive for several months before being captured. On some date between August 705 and February 706, Justinian had both Leontios and Tiberius dragged to the Hippodrome and publicly humiliated, before being taken away and beheaded. Their bodies were initially thrown into the sea, but later recovered and buried in a church on the island of Prote.

description: Byzantine Emperor

wikidata_label: Tiberios III

wikipedia_title: Tiberius III


text:
swimmer
2012 Summer Olympics
50 metre freestyle
4 x 100 metre freestyle relay

categories: Greek female swimmers,Competitors at the 2009 Mediterranean Games,Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Female freestyle swimmers,Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Greece,People from Patras,Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Greece,1992 births,Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Competitors at the 2013 Mediterranean Games,Olympic swimmers of Greece,Living people,Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Greece

paragraph: Theodora Drakou

paragraph: Theodora (Nora) Drakou is a Greek competitive swimmer. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the 50 metre freestyle taking the 16th place and for the national team in the 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay, finishing also in the 16th (last) place in the heats, failing to reach the final.

description: Greek swimmer

wikidata_label: Theodora Drakou

wikipedia_title: Theodora Drakou


text:
swimmer
2012 Summer Olympics
2016 Summer Olympic
Herlev
Hovedstaden
2012 Summer Olympics
Danish team
50 metre freestyle
100 metre freestyle
200 metre freestyle
4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
Mie Nielsen
Lotte Friis
Jeanette Ottesen
Danish national record
4 × 100 metre medley relay
Rikke Pedersen
World Short Course Championships
4 × 100 metre medley relay
4 × 50 metre freestyle relay
2014 World Short Course Championships
4 × 50 metre medley relay
4 × 100 metre medley relay
2016 Summer Olympics
Rio de Janeiro
50 metre freestyle
100 metre freestyle
4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
4 × 100 metre medley relay
Karen Harup
1948 Summer Olympics
Denmark's flag bearer
Sarah Sjöström

categories: Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m),Olympic swimmers of Denmark,World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming,Olympic bronze medalists for Denmark,Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Female freestyle swimmers,Olympic gold medalists in swimming,Danish female swimmers,1994 births,Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Olympic gold medalists for Denmark,World record holders in swimming,Olympic bronze medalists in swimming,People from Herlev Municipality,Living people,Female medley swimmers

paragraph: Pernille Blume

paragraph: Pernille Blume (born 14 May 1994) is a Danish swimmer who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was the 2016 Summer Olympic champion in women's 50 m freestyle.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Blume was born on 14 May 1994 in Herlev, Hovedstaden, Denmark.

paragraph: Section::::Swimming career.

paragraph: Blume swims for the Sigma Nordsjælland club in Denmark.

paragraph: At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Blume competed for the Danish team in five different events. In the 50 metre freestyle she failed to advance beyond the heats having finished 8th in her race and 26th fastest overall. In the 100 metre freestyle she again was eliminated in the first round after finishing 6th in her heat and 19th fastest overall. She won her heat of the 200 metre freestyle but did not advance to the next round after finishing 24th fastest overall. In the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay Blume swam in a Danish quartet along with Mie Nielsen, Lotte Friis and Jeanette Ottesen; they qualified for the final, in which they finished sixth, setting a new Danish national record of 3:37.45. In the 4 × 100 metre medley relay Blume, Nielsen, Ottesen and Rikke Pedersen reached the final and finished seventh. Later in 2012 she won a gold medal at the World Short Course Championships in the 4 × 100 metre medley relay. She also won a bronze medal in the 4 × 50 metre freestyle relay.

paragraph: At the 2014 World Short Course Championships, Blume, Nielsen, Pedersen and Ottesen won a gold medal and set a new world record as they won the 4 × 50 metre medley relay. The quartet also won the gold medal in the 4 × 100 metre medley relay.

paragraph: In 2016 Blume won the 50 metre freestyle event at the Danish open gala. She was subsequently selected to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where she won 50 metre freestyle and also competed in 100 metre freestyle, the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay and the 4 × 100 metre medley relay where she anchored the medley and thereby contributed to the Danish team winning a bronze medal, just 0.01 seconds behind the Australian team who won the silver medal.

paragraph: This was the first Olympic gold won by Denmark in swimming since Karen Harup at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. Blume was Denmark's flag bearer at the closing ceremony.

paragraph: Section::::Swimming career.:2017 Career.

paragraph: Pernille Blume participated in Edinburgh International 2017 and competed in 50 m freestyle event, finishing with 24.51 and winning the gold medal and also winning gold in the 100 m freestyle with a time of 53.93. which was her first race after Rio Olympics. In April 2017 Pernille Blume participated in the Stockholm Swim Open; in the 50 m freestyle event she came second behind Sarah Sjöström with a time of 24.15.

description: Danish swimmer

wikidata_label: Pernille Blume

wikipedia_title: Pernille Blume