text: American football

text: quarterback

text: Cleveland Browns

text: Baltimore Ravens

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Heisman Trophy

text: Southeastern Conference

text: NCAA Division I

text: color analyst

text: Heidelberg American High School

text: Heidelberg, Germany

text: point guard

text: varsity

text: short stop

text: colonel

text: Army

text: Marietta High School

text: Marietta, Georgia

text: University of Georgia

text: high school football

text: starter

text: Bulldog

text: Clemson Tigers

text: Georgia Tech

text: Independence Bowl

text: Arkansas

text: Citrus Bowl

text: Ohio State

text: Southeastern Conference

text: Peyton Manning

text: David Greene

text: Aaron Murray

text: Southern Miss

text: American Football Coaches Association

text: All-American

text: Cleveland Browns

text: 1995 NFL Draft

text: Larry Munson

text: Team Doctors Press Release

text: Atlanta Business - Lunch with a VIP

categories: Sportspeople from Pensacola, Florida,1972 births,Cleveland Browns players,Players of American football from Florida,American football quarterbacks,Georgia Bulldogs football players,Baltimore Ravens players,Living people

paragraph: Eric Zeier

paragraph: Eric Royce Zeier (born September 6, 1972) is a former American football quarterback. In his six years in the NFL, he played for the Cleveland Browns (1995), Baltimore Ravens (1996–1998), and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1999–2000). He is a former record-setting quarterback and Heisman Trophy candidate at the University of Georgia, where he set 67 school records and 18 S.E.C. records. In 1994, he became the most prolific passer in the history of the Southeastern Conference as well as only the third quarterback in NCAA Division I history to throw for more than 11,000 yards in his career. He earned All-Academic S.E.C. honors in 1992 and 1993 and was named UGA Team Captain in 1993 and 1994.

paragraph: Zeier continues his affiliation with UGA by serving as the color analyst at away games for the University of Georgia Bulldogs radio network and during the Tailgate Show and half time during home games. He currently resides in his hometown of Marietta, Georgia.

paragraph: Section::::Career history.

paragraph: Section::::Career history.:High school.

paragraph: Zeier started his career at Heidelberg American High School in Heidelberg, Germany in the fall of 1988 where he led them to a championship his sophomore year. He played point guard for the varsity basketball team and short stop for the varsity baseball team as well. His father coached the baseball team and was a colonel in the Army. The family made a strategic move to Marietta, Georgia in 1990 transferring to Marietta High School in Marietta, Georgia. His #15 jersey was retired at the school.

paragraph: Section::::Career history.:College.

paragraph: After graduating from Marietta, Zeier attended the University of Georgia. Zeier was one of the first notable high school football players to graduate ahead of his class so as to attend his college early and join the football team for spring practices, enrolling in January 1991. At Georgia, he compiled a 26-14-1 record as a starter. He made his debut as a Bulldog on October 5, 1991 against the Clemson Tigers, a game Georgia won 27-12. Zeier went on to start the final seven games of his freshman season and started every game during his final three seasons at Georgia. His tenure included a 4-0 record against Georgia Tech, a victory in the 1991 Independence Bowl over Arkansas, and a victory in the 1993 Citrus Bowl over Ohio State.

paragraph: Zeier finished his college career with 67 school records and 18 Southeastern Conference records. He became the SEC's all-time passing leader with 11,153 yards—a record which has been surpassed only by Peyton Manning and UGA's own David Greene and Aaron Murray. In 1993, his junior season, Zeier threw for 544 yards against Southern Miss, a school record. In 1994, Zeier was named the American Football Coaches Association First-team All-American quarterback. Over his four years at Georgia, Zeier completed 877 of 1461 attempts for 11,153 yards, 67 touchdowns, and 37 interceptions.

paragraph: Section::::Career history.:NFL.

paragraph: Zeier was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the third round of the 1995 NFL Draft. Over the next six years he went from Cleveland to the Baltimore Ravens to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and finally back home to the Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: Section::::Career history.:Broadcasting.

paragraph: Zeier has returned to the University of Georgia to take over the duty of color analyst on all away games. He, along with Scott Howard, is taking the place of long time Georgia announcer Larry Munson. Eric made his first radio start on September 22, 2007 when Georgia played Alabama in which Georgia won in an overtime victory. Eric was heard on the Tailgate Show and halftime during the home games with Loran Smith and Neil "Hondo" Willamson.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Division I FBS passing yardage leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Former UGA star to lead health-care network

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team Doctors Press Release

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atlanta Business - Lunch with a VIP

description: American college football player, professional football player, quarterback

wikidata_label: Eric Zeier

wikipedia_title: Eric Zeier


text:
Russian
consul-general
Kashgar
George McCartney
Central Asia
Great Game
Sven Hedin
history of Xinjiang
Yaqub Beg
Musa Sayrami
Tocharian languages
Asiatic Museum
St. Petersburg
Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov
Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov
Hopkirk, Peter
University of Massachusetts Press
Red Vs. Blue: Going Global

categories: Book and manuscript collectors,History of Xinjiang,1908 deaths,1837 births,Imperial Russian politicians,Imperial Russian diplomats,Explorers of Central Asia

paragraph: Nikolai Petrovsky

paragraph: Nikolay Fyodorovich Petrovsky (; 1837–1908) was the Russian consul-general in Kashgar from 1882 until 1902.

paragraph: Petrovsky's main adversary during his time in Central Asia was George McCartney, his British counterpart. The competition between their two countries for influence in Central Asia is known as the Great Game. Between 1899 and June 1902 the two did not speak to each other, although both were on friendly terms with visiting travellers such as Sven Hedin.

paragraph: Petrovsky was very interested in collecting materials on the history of Xinjiang. The Soviet scholar A.F. Usmanov suggested that

paragraph: he may have been instrumental in encouraging the veteran of Yaqub Beg's regime, Mulla Musa Sayrami, to write his "Tārīkh-i amniyya" ("History of Peace"), which to these days remains one of the best sources on the events in the region in the 19th century.

paragraph: By the end of the 19th century, Petrovsky's personal collection included some texts in the then-unknown Tocharian languages, among other obscure dialects. The bulk of his collection was donated by Petrovsky to the Asiatic Museum in St. Petersburg.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hopkirk, Peter (1980). "Foreign Devils on the Silk Road: The Search for the Lost Cities and Treasures of Chinese Central Asia". Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meyer, Karl E. and Shareen Blair Brysac. "Tournament of Shadows: the Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia" (Basic Books: 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Red Vs. Blue: Going Global

description: Russian politician

wikidata_label: Nikolai Petrovsky

wikipedia_title: Nikolai Petrovsky


text:
Muiz ud-Din Qaiqabad
Mamluk dynasty
Delhi Sultanate
Muiz ud din Qaiqabad
Khalji
Jalal ud-Din Firuz Khalji
Muslim history
History of India
List of Indian monarchs
India Through the Ages
The Slave Dynasty
The Khalji Revolution

categories: Child rulers from Asia,Indian Sunni Muslims,Year of birth missing,13th-century Indian monarchs,Sultans of the Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi),Rulers deposed as children,13th century in India,Year of death missing

paragraph: Shamsuddin Kayumars

paragraph: Shams ud-Din Kayumars (reigned: 1290) was the son of Muiz ud-Din Qaiqabad, the eleventh sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.

paragraph: His father Muiz ud din Qaiqabad is said to have been murdered by a Khalji noble, Jalal ud-Din Firuz Khalji. Khalji assumed the throne after murdering Kayumars, ending the Mamluk dynasty and starting the Khalji dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muslim history

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of India

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Indian monarchs

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- India Through the Ages

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Slave Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Khalji Revolution

description: 11th Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate

wikidata_label: Kayumars of Delhi

wikipedia_title: Shamsuddin Kayumars


text:
Reading, Berkshire
electronic music
Zoot Woman
Paper Faces
Stuart Price
Sloop John Barillo
Mad March Hare
Paper Faces
Zoot Woman
Madonna
Scissor Sisters
Armand Van Helden
Chromeo
Frankmusik
Pet Shop Boys
Duffy
Seal
Kylie Minogue
Universal Audio
Zoot Woman official website
Zoot Woman on discogs.com
Adam Blake on discogs.com

categories: 1976 births,English songwriters,English electronic musicians,English dance musicians,Living people,English pop musicians

paragraph: Adam Blake (musician)

paragraph: Adam Blake (born Adam John Blake, 25 January 1976, Reading, Berkshire, England) is an English producer, musician and songwriter, best known as founder member of the electronic music band Zoot Woman. He produces remixes under the aliases Paper Faces (with Stuart Price), Sloop John Barillo, and Mad March Hare. Paper Faces have reworked tracks for Zoot Woman as well as other established recording artists such as Madonna, Scissor Sisters, Armand Van Helden, Chromeo and Frankmusik. He has worked on records for artists such as Pet Shop Boys, Duffy, Seal and Kylie Minogue. In an interview with Universal Audio, he discusses recording techniques.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- From "Star Climbing"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – "Coming Up For Air"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – "Don't Tear Yourself Apart"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 – "The Stars Are Bright"

paragraph: BULLET::::- From "Things Are What They Used To Be"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 – "More Than Ever"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 – "Memory"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 – "Just A Friend of Mine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 – "We Won't Break (Redone)/Saturation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 – "Live in My Head"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 – "We Won't Break"

paragraph: BULLET::::- From "Zoot Woman"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 – "Taken It All"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 – "Gem"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 – "Grey Day"

paragraph: BULLET::::- From "Living in a Magazine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 – "Living in a Magazine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 – "You & I"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 – "It's Automatic"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Non-Album Single

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 – "Chasing Cities"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zoot Woman official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zoot Woman on discogs.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adam Blake on discogs.com

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Adam Blake

wikipedia_title: Adam Blake (musician)


text:
Palermo
Civo
Leandro Alberti
Modena
Renée de France
Heinrich Bullinger

categories: 1500s births,Italian Unitarians,1570s deaths

paragraph: Camillo Renato

paragraph: Paolo Ricci (c. 1500, in Palermo – c. 1575, in Caspano, Civo) was a Franciscan, then a Lutheran, possibly an Anabaptist, and only allegedly an Antitrinitarian. He also adopted an "academic" pseudeonym Lisia Fileno (Latin: Lysias Paulus Riccius Philaenus), Fileno Lunardi, and finally the name Camillo Renato.

paragraph: Section::::Paolo "Lysias Philaenus" Ricci.

paragraph: He was born Paolo Ricci and became a Franciscan. In the 1530s he frequented circles sympathetic to the Reformation in Naples, then moved to Padua and Venice where, among other things, he challenged the existence of purgatory. Ricci writes: "some slanderers accused me of heresy, I was detained, prosecuted, not convicted, not condemned, did not abjure on any matter and was discharged." Emerging free from this trial, towards the end of 1538 went from Venice to Bologna, with the intention to go later in Rome for "consult with some very learned and reverend cardinals to the glory of Christ and for harmony and common interest of all the Church. "

paragraph: In Bologna Ricci was tutor to the three sons of Giulio Danesi - to whom he dedicated three Latin carmina. And in Bologna Ricci first effected a Latin pseudonym, Lysias Philaenus, as was common among those attended and intellectual circles, where art, religion and moral philosophy were discussed. He himself gives the names of the participants in Bologna: humanists Leandro Alberti, Romulus Amasea and Achille Bocchi, and the noblemen Francesco Bolognetti, Giulio Danesi, Cornelio Lambertini, and Alessandro Manzoli.

paragraph: In 1540 he was forced to recant some ideas in Modena, but Ricci became progressively more radical, developing ideas beyond what was published in his 1540 Apologia in his born name.

paragraph: Section::::The baptism of 'Camillo the Reborn'.

paragraph: In 1540, he was arrested for heresy in Ferrara, but escaped, possibly at the intervention of Duchess Renée de France, and moved into exile in Valtellina, which at the time was under the protectorate of the Grisons. Sometime before 1545, he adopted the name Camillo Renato (Camillo the Reborn) possibly as an expression of his break with his previous infant Christening.

paragraph: He died c.1575.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Correspondence to Heinrich Bullinger, in «Bullingers Korrespondenz mit den Graubündnern», Basel 1904-1905

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carmina", Codex. 52. II. 1, University Library, Bologna c.1538?

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Apologia Lysiae Pauli Riccii Philaeni Siculi nomine haereseos detenti Hercule II Duce III foeliciter imperante anno 1540", in MS B 1928, Archiginnasio Library, Bologna

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miscellaneous items, in ms. B. 1859, Archiginnasio Library, Bologna

paragraph: BULLET::::- Treaty concerning baptism and of the Holy Supper, in ms. A. 93. 13, Burgerbibliothek, Bern

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Certa in Symbolum professio ad Fridericum Salicem virum optimum," 1547

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Johannem Calvinum de injusto Michaelis Serveti incendio," Traona 1554

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works. Documents and testimonies - Opere. Documenti e testimonianze, edited Antonio Rotondò, Firenze-Chicago 1968

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renato, Camillo, and Antonio Rotondò. "Opere: Documenti e Testimonianze". Corpus Reformatorum Italicorum. Edited by Luigi Firpo and Giorgio Spini. Firenze: G. C. Sansoni, 1968.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Williams, George Huntston. "Camillo Renato (c. 1500-1575?)." In "Italian Reformation Studies in Honor of Laelius Socinus", ed. John A. Tedeschi, 103-83. Firenze: Felice Le Monnier, 1965.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Williams, George Huntston. "Camillus Renatus Called Also Lysias Philaenus and Paulo Ricci (c. 1500-c. 1575): Forerunner of Socinianism on Individual Immortality." In "Harry Austryn Wolfson Jubilee Volume on the Occasion of His Seventy-Fifth Birthday", ed. American Academy for Jewish Research. Vol. 2, 833-70. Jerusalem: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1965.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Casadei, Alfredo. "Lisia Fileno e Camillo Renato: Estratto della Rivista Religio 15 (1939)". Roma: s.n., 1939?

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rotondò, Antonio. "Per la Storia dell'Eresia a Bologna nel Secolo XVI." "Rinascimento: Rivista dell'Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento" 2 (1962): 107-54.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rotondò, Antonio. "Camillo Renato: Trattato del Battesimo e Della Santa Cena." "Rinascimento: Rivista dell'Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento" 15 (1964): 341-62.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cantimori, Delio. "Anabattismo e Neoplatonismo nel XVI Secolo in Italia". 1936. Reprint. Roma: Aseq, 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cantimori, Delio, and Elisabeth Feist. "Per la Storia degli Eretici Italiani del Secolo XVI in Europa". Studi e Documenti, vol. 7. Roma: Reale Accademia d'Italia, 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calvani, Simona. "Camillo Renato." In "Bibliotheca Dissidentium: Répertoire des Non-Conformistes Religieux des Seizième et Dix-Septième Siècles", ed. Jean Rott and André Séguenny. Vol. 4, 155-93. Bibliotheca Bibliographica Aureliana, vol. 94. Baden-Baden: V. Koerner, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gleason, Elisabeth G. "Reform Thought in Sixteenth-Century Italy". Texts and Translations Series / American Academy of Religion, vol. 4. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renato, Camillo. "Carmen." In "Italian Reformation Studies in Honor of Laelius Socinus", ed. John A. Tedeschi, 185-95. Translated by Dorothy Rounds. Firenze: Felice Le Monnier, 1965.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Disseau, Maël L. D. S. "Segni: Camillo Renato's Anabaptist View of Baptism and the Lord's Supper?" Ph.D., Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2014.

description: Italian writer

wikidata_label: Camillo Renato

wikipedia_title: Camillo Renato


text:
Albret
Tartas
Graves
Castres
Jean I of Albret
Charles II of Albret
Louis XI of France
Frances, Countess of Périgord
County of Périgord
viscounty of Limoges
Penthièvre
Duchy of Brittany
Armagnac
John
Catherine
Kingdom of Navarre
Foix
Bigorre
Duchy of Brittany
Anne of Brittany
Francis II
Mad War
Louis II de la Trémoille
Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
Nantes
Charlotte of Albret
Cesare Borgia
Jean d'Albret
Catherine, Queen of Navarre
iure uxoris
Jeanne
Antoine of Vendôme
Henry IV of France
Charlotte of Albret
Cesare Borgia
Amanieu d'Albret
Charles I de Croÿ
Gaston II
captal de Buch
Castel Jaloux
this version
this version

categories: 1440 births,Political history of the Ancien Régime,French nobility,House of Albret,1522 deaths

paragraph: Alain I of Albret

paragraph: Alain I of Albret (1440-1522), called "The Great", was a powerful French aristocrat. He was 16th Lord of Albret, Viscount of Tartas, the 2nd Count of Graves and the Count of Castres. He was the son of Catherine de Rohan and Jean I of Albret. He was the grandson and heir of Charles II of Albret and became head of the House of Albret in 1471.

paragraph: During his half century of rule, he took a political course which was more agitated than effective, following his father's example, making him one of the most visible actors on the stage of Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Alain I initially benefited from his fidelity to King Louis XI of France and, through this, enlarged his principality. He married Frances, Countess of Périgord, which brought him the county of County of Périgord, the viscounty of Limoges, and the Penthièvre claim to the Duchy of Brittany.

paragraph: He later seized Armagnac and married his son, John, to Catherine, recently proclaimed queen regnant of the Kingdom of Navarre and heiress to Foix and Bigorre.

paragraph: Section::::The "Mad War".

paragraph: At this time, Alain hoped to consolidate his power by taking control of the Duchy of Brittany by marriage to Anne of Brittany, the daughter and heir of Duke Francis II. He entered into rebellion against the royal authority in support of the duchy, during the so-called Mad War. His intrigues were unsuccessful and he was defeated, having been unable to provide support to the duke in 1487. The following year, he brought reinforcements by sea, but was defeated by Louis II de la Trémoille at the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier. He continued, however, to claim the legacy of Francis II, occupying Nantes with his Gascon troops. He still hoped to marry Anne and inherit the duchy but found it expedient to deliver Nantes to the royal army in exchange for an agreement that the French would support his claim to Anne's hand. Anne had no intention of marrying Alain. Instead, she married the French king, putting an end of Alain's dynastic ambition in Brittany.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Despite his failure in Brittany, Alain established other dynastic links through his daughter, Charlotte of Albret, who married Cesare Borgia in May 1499.

paragraph: With Frances of Périgord, his children were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean d'Albret, who married in 1484 Catherine, Queen of Navarre. King "iure uxoris" of Navarre up to 1516. His granddaughter, Jeanne, married Antoine of Vendôme and was the mother of King Henry IV of France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gabriel, lord of Avesnes-sur-Helpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlotte of Albret, lady of Châlus, who married in 1500 Cesare Borgia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amanieu d'Albret († 1520), bishop of Pamiers, Comminges, and Lescar, and later a cardinal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre, count of Périgord

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louise, viscountess of Limoges († 1531), who married in 1495 Charles I de Croÿ

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabelle, who married Gaston II, captal de Buch

paragraph: Alain d'Albret died at Castel Jaloux in October 1522.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article was initially translated from the Wikipedia article , mostly from this version, but with the final paragraph from this version."

description: French nobleman; Viscount of Tartas and Count of Graves and Castres

wikidata_label: Alain I of Albret

wikipedia_title: Alain I of Albret


text: German-Jewish

text: Pardon My Sarong

text: The Mummy's Hand

text: The Palm Beach Story

text: Mary Astor

text: Hamburg

text: Germany

text: G.W. Pabst

text: Pandora's Box

text: Louise Brooks

text: Hollywood

text: Broadway

text: Song of Norway

text: Jean Anouilh

text: Tony Award

text: German Film Awards

text: Parkinson's disease

text: Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California

text: The Wife of Forty Years

text: Cock of the Roost

text: Upstairs and Downstairs

text: A Woman for 24 Hours

text: Manon Lescaut

text: The Third Squadron

text: The Pride of the Company

text: Circus Romanelli

text: Annemarie and Her Cavalryman

text: We'll Meet Again in the Heimat

text: The Armoured Vault

text: Darling, Count the Cash

text: Nanette Makes Everything

text: The Son of Hannibal

text: The Love of Jeanne Ney

text: The Man with the Counterfeit Money

text: The Transformation of Dr. Bessel

text: The Eighteen Year Old

text: When the Young Wine Blossoms

text: Lützow's Wild Hunt

text: A Serious Case

text: The Villa in Tiergarten Park

text: Marie's Soldier

text: Always Be True and Faithful

text: Serenissimus and the Last Virgin

text: One Plus One Equals Three

text: Der Ladenprinz

text: Immorality

text: Prince or Clown

text: Tragedy at the Royal Circus

text: The Orchid Dancer

text: Tales from the Vienna Woods

text: The Lady and the Chauffeur

text: Looping the Loop

text: Modern Pirates

text: Her Dark Secret

text: Beyond the Street

text: The Girl with the Whip

text: Revolt in the Batchelor's House

text: Vienna, City of Song

text: Retreat on the Rhine

text: The Caviar Princess

text: Fairground People

text: The Widow's Ball

text: Schubert's Dream of Spring

text: Moritz Makes His Fortune

text: Shooting Festival in Schilda

text: The Night Without Pause

text: Checkmate

text: The Big Attraction

text: Wild Cattle

text: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

text: The Mummy's Hand

text: Dark Streets of Cairo

text: A Little Bit of Heaven

text: This Thing Called Love

text: The Great Awakening

text: Gambling Daughters

text: Two Latins from Manhattan

text: Two Yanks in Trinidad

text: Tales of Manhattan

text: The Devil with Hitler

text: The Palm Beach Story

text: Juke Box Jenny

text: His Butler's Sister

text: Song of the Open Road

text: The Captain from Köpenick

text: Duchess of Idaho

categories: Male actors from Los Angeles County, California,Deaths from Parkinson's disease,1895 births,German male silent film actors,Jewish American male actors,German expatriate male actors in the United States,1975 deaths,Male actors from Hamburg,German male stage actors,German male film actors,Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States,20th-century German male actors

paragraph: Sig Arno

paragraph: Sig Arno (born Siegfried Aron, 27 December 1895 – 17 August 1975) was a German-Jewish film actor who appeared in such films as "Pardon My Sarong" and "The Mummy's Hand". He may be best remembered from "The Palm Beach Story" (1942) as Toto, the nonsense-talking mustachioed man who hopelessly pursues Mary Astor's "Princess Centimillia".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Arno was born in Hamburg, Germany. Before beginning to make films in 1920 he was well known in Germany as a stage comedian. He acted in ninety films in Germany – including G.W. Pabst's "Pandora's Box" with Louise Brooks – playing primarily comic roles, before leaving the country in 1933, due to the rise of Hitler. He worked in Europe until 1939, when he moved to Hollywood.

paragraph: During the next twenty years he appeared in over fifty films, often playing waiters, maitre d's and "funny Europeans". Arno also appeared three times on Broadway, notably in the musical "Song of Norway" and the play "Time Remembered" by Jean Anouilh, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award as "Best Featured Actor in a Play" in 1958. In 1966, Arno won an honorary award at the German Film Awards "for his continued outstanding individual contributions to the German film over the years."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Arno was also a successful portrait painter. He was married three times:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caroline Dahms (1922–1932, ended in divorce, 1 child)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Kiranoff (1934–1953, ended in divorce)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kitty Mattern (1953–1975, ended with his death)

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died from Parkinson's disease in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California on August 17, 1975, aged 79.

paragraph: Section::::Partial filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wife of Forty Years" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cock of the Roost" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Upstairs and Downstairs" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Woman for 24 Hours" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manon Lescaut" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Third Squadron" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pride of the Company" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Circus Romanelli" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annemarie and Her Cavalryman" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We'll Meet Again in the Heimat" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Armoured Vault" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Darling, Count the Cash" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nanette Makes Everything" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Son of Hannibal" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Love of Jeanne Ney" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man with the Counterfeit Money" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Transformation of Dr. Bessel" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Eighteen Year Old" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "When the Young Wine Blossoms" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Family Gathering in the House of Prellstein" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lützow's Wild Hunt" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Serious Case" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Villa in Tiergarten Park" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marie's Soldier" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Always Be True and Faithful" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Serenissimus and the Last Virgin" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Plus One Equals Three" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Ladenprinz" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Immorality" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prince or Clown" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tragedy at the Royal Circus" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Orchid Dancer" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tales from the Vienna Woods" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lady and the Chauffeur" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Looping the Loop" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Modern Pirates" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Her Dark Secret" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyond the Street" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Girl with the Whip" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Revolt in the Batchelor's House" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Stick Together Through Thick and Thin" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vienna, City of Song" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Retreat on the Rhine" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Caviar Princess" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fairground People" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Widow's Ball" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Schubert's Dream of Spring" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moritz Makes His Fortune" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shooting Festival in Schilda" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Night Without Pause" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Checkmate" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Big Attraction" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Without Meyer, No Celebration is Complete" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wild Cattle" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1939) as Tailor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mummy's Hand" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dark Streets of Cairo" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Little Bit of Heaven" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Thing Called Love" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Great Awakening" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gambling Daughters" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Latins from Manhattan" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Yanks in Trinidad" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tales of Manhattan" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Devil with Hitler" (1942 short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Palm Beach Story" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Juke Box Jenny" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "His Butler's Sister" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Song of the Open Road" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Captain from Köpenick" (completed in 1941, released in 1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duchess of Idaho" (1950)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sig Arno @ Virtual History Film (photos)

description: German-born stage and film actor

wikidata_label: Sig Arno

wikipedia_title: Sig Arno


text:
Adelaide
Australia
short track speed skater
Brisbane
2002
2006 Winter Olympics
Torino 2006 1000 m results
Australian Olympic Committee
Mark McNee

categories: Male short track speed skaters,Australian short track speed skaters,1981 births,Olympic short track speed skaters of Australia,Sportspeople from Brisbane,Short track speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics,Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Australian male speed skaters,Living people

paragraph: Mark McNee

paragraph: Mark McNee (born 9 July 1981 in Adelaide) is an Australian short track speed skater. He lives in Brisbane where he works as an engineer for Energy Developments Limited.

paragraph: He has competed at the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: Section::::Results.

paragraph: Section::::Results.:2002 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1000 m: 15th/29

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1500 m: 28th/29

paragraph: Section::::Results.:2006 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1000 m: 20th/20

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1500 m: 20th/24

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5000 m: 6th/8

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torino 2006 1000 m results

paragraph: BULLET::::- Australian Olympic Committee: Mark McNee

description: Australian speed skater

wikidata_label: Mark McNee

wikipedia_title: Mark McNee


text: Australia

text: sheep shearer

text: Federation

text: Killarney

text: Warwick, Queensland

text: Blackall, Queensland

text: Ted Reick

text: hand shears

text: scissors

text: trade union

text: Premier

text: T. J. Ryan

text: Barry Muir

text: Blackall

text: clown

text: circus

text: town-crier

text: Warwick

text: Blackall

text: singlet

text: Blackall Shire Council website

text: Blackall Ambassadors

paragraph: Jackie Howe

paragraph: John Robert "Jackie" Howe (26 July 1861 (?) – 21 July 1920) was a legendary Australian sheep shearer at the end of the 19th century. He shot to fame in pre-Federation Australia in 1892 when he broke the daily and weekly shearing records across the colonies.

paragraph: Howe was born at Killarney near Warwick, Queensland. On 10 October 1892, Howe shore 321 sheep in seven hours and 40 minutes at Alice Downs station, near Blackall, Queensland. This was a faster tally than any other shearer had achieved before. In the week beforehand, Howe also set the weekly record, shearing 1,437 sheep in 44 hours and 30 minutes. Howe's daily record was beaten by Ted Reick in 1950, but Reick was using machine shears, while Howe's hand shears were little more than scissors.

paragraph: According to the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Howe's weekly record stood unbeaten as of 2005.

paragraph: In October 2015, Howe's record was reported as still unbeaten after 123 years.

paragraph: Howe was active during the shearer strikes of the 1891 and 1894, and was a committed trade unionist. After Howe's death, Queensland Premier T. J. Ryan said, in a telegram to Howe's widow, "I have lost a true and trusted friend and Labor has lost a champion". Jackie Howe was the subject of a book, "Jack Howe: The Man and the Legend", by Barry Muir, and a bronze statue, on display in Blackall.

paragraph: Jackie Howe's father, Jack Howe, was also a shearer and a clown with La Rosier's circus, claiming to be the first clown to travel the Australian colonies, and was town-crier in Warwick. Jackie Howe owned a pub, The Barcoo Hotel, in Blackall, Queensland. There is now a statue there of him holding a sheep.

paragraph: Section::::Clothing.

paragraph: Jackie Howe became the name given to navy blue singlet tops. According to legend, this is what Jackie was wearing on the day he broke the shearing record. They are still popular today among Australian men.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacDougall, A. K., (2005), "An Anthology of Classic Australian Folklore".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blackall-related publications, including "Jack Howe" on the Blackall Shire Council website. Accessed 29 April 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blackall Ambassadors, includes list of Howe-related achievements of Barry Muir. From Wanpa-rda Matilda Outback Education Centre website. Accessed 29 April 2006.

description: Australian sheep shearer

wikidata_label: Jackie Howe

wikipedia_title: Jackie Howe


text:
Joseon Dynasty
Korea
Sunjo
Crown Prince Hyomyeong
Queen Sinjeong
Pungyang Jo
Queen Sunwon
Queen Sunwon
Gihae persecution
King Yeongjo
King Cheoljong
Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
Jo In-yeong
King Munjo of Joseon
King Sunjo of Joseon
Queen Sunwon of the Andong Kim clan
Queen Sinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan
Queen Hyohyeon of the Andong Kim clan
Queen Hyojeong of the Namyang Hong clan
List of Rulers of Korea
Joseon Dynasty
History of Korea
List of Korea-related topics

categories: 1849 deaths,House of Yi,1827 births,Joseon rulers

paragraph: Heonjong of Joseon

paragraph: Heonjong of Joseon (8 September 1827 – 25 July 1849) was the 24th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He was the grandson of Sunjo. His father was Crown Prince Hyomyeong (posthumously named Ikjong), who died at the age of 20 before becoming king and his mother was Queen Sinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan. Heonjong was born three-years before Hyomyeong's death.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Heonjong ascended to the throne in 1834 at the age of 7 after his grandfather, King Sunjo, died. Like King Sunjo, Heonjong took the throne at a young age and his grandmother, Queen Sunwon served as regent. Although King Heonjong ascended to the throne, he had no political control over Joseon. When Heonjong reached adulthood, Queen Sunwon refused to give up control. In 1840, the control over the kingdom was then handed down to the Andong Kims, the family of his grandmother Queen Sunwon, following the anti-Catholic Gihae persecution of 1839.

paragraph: King Heonjong died after reigning for 15 years in 1849 at the age of 21. He was buried at the Gyeongneung tomb within the Donggureung Tomb Cluster in Seoul, where several kings and queens of the Joseon Dynasty were buried. As King Heonjong died without an heir, the throne passed to a distant descendant of King Yeongjo, King Cheoljong.

paragraph: As was customary with the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, the chronicle of Heonjong's reign was compiled after his death, in 1851. The compilation of the 16-volume chronicle was supervised by Jo In-yeong.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: King Munjo of Joseon (18 September 1809 – 25 June 1830) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grandfather : King Sunjo of Joseon (29 July 1790 – 13 December 1834) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grandmother : Queen Sunwon of the Andong Kim clan (8 June 1789 – 21 September 1857) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Queen Sinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan (21 January 1809 – 4 June 1890) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grandfather : Jo Man-Yeong (1776 – 1846) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grandmother : Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan (1776 – 1834) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consorts and their Respective Issue(s):

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Queen Hyohyeon of the Andong Kim clan (27 April 1828 – 18 October 1843) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Queen Hyojeong of the Namyang Hong clan (6 March 1831 – 2 January 1904) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Royal Noble Consort Gyeong of the Gwangsan Kim clan (27 August 1832 – 21 April 1907) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Royal Noble Consort Jeong of the Yun clan ()

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Gimhae Kim clan (January 1814 – 12 November 1895) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Unnamed daughter ()

paragraph: Section::::Full posthumous name.

paragraph: BULLET::::- King the Great of Korea

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Rulers of Korea

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseon Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Korea

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Korea-related topics

description: 24th King of Joseon Dynasty in Korean history

wikidata_label: Heonjong of Joseon

wikipedia_title: Heonjong of Joseon


text: Sringeri Sharada Peetham

categories: Advaitin philosophers,Sringeri Sharada Peetham,1858 births,1912 deaths

paragraph: Sacchidananda Shivabhinava Narasimha Bharati

paragraph: Sri Sacchidananda Shivabhinava Narasimha Bharathi Mahaswamiji (born as Shivaswami; March 1858 – 1912) was the head of the Sringeri Sharada Peetham from 1879 to 1912.

paragraph: श्री सच्चिदानन्दशिवाभिनव्य नृसिंहभारत्यभिधान्यतीन्द्रान् ।

paragraph: विद्यानिधीन् मन्त्रनिधीन् सदात्मनिष्ठान् भजे मानव शंभुरूपान् ॥

paragraph: Shiva in human form, ever immersed in the Atman, Treasure of learning, treasure of mantric lore; Verily He is the King among Sages, Hail Sacchidananda Shiva Abhinava Nrisimha Bharati!

paragraph: Sachchidananda Sivabhinava Narasimha Bharati Mahaswamiji was the 33rd Jagadguru in the Dakshinamnaya Sharada Peetham established by Adi Shankara. With an extraordinary mastery of Shastras, this great personage shone as a great tapasvin and yogi.

paragraph: The Swamiji was responsible for starting the celebration of Shankara Jayanthi festival in India. It is due to him that the collected works of Adi Sankara were published under the title,Shaankara Granthavali.

paragraph: Establishing beyond doubt Kaladi as the birth place of Shankara and as a pilgrim centre, He determined the actual sites and consecrated his temple as well as that of Sri Sharadamba.

paragraph: It is worth mentioning that many people who, like Charuvakas, had no belief in Vedas and Sastras, were totally reformed into astikas by His teachings.

paragraph: He set up Pathasalas (Schools) for Vedas and Sastras in Bangalore and other places and also provided support for their growth.

paragraph: Famed as a reincarnation of Adi Sankara who reestablished Sanatana Dharma in the land,He initiated all works designed to spread the Dharma.

paragraph: His Holiness Sri Chandrasekhara Bharati, the 34th pontiff of Sringeri Sharada Peetham and a jivanmukta, was His devotee and successor.

paragraph: Just by remembering the great Sri Sachchidananda Sivabhinava Narasimha Bharati Mahaswamiji, one can obtain all shreyas, welfare and happiness.

paragraph: His Holiness Sachchidananda Sivabhinava Narasimha Bharati Mahaswamiji adorned the Vyakhyana Simhasana, Throne Of Transcendental Wisdom from 1879 to 1912


text: Wade-Giles

text: Chinese

text: painter

text: calligrapher

text: Zen

text: Buddhist

text: monk

text: Song Dynasty

text: Zitong

text: Sichuan

text: abbot

text: Jingshan

text: Emperor Lizong of Song

text: Dharma

text: Buddha

text: disciples

text: Enni Ben'en

text: Japan

text: Tōfuku-ji

text: Kyoto

text: calligraphy

text: Tokugawa family

text: shōgun

text: written letter

text: Tokyo National Museum

text: Chinese painting

text: Bernard Faure

text: History of the Song Dynasty

text: List of Chinese people

text: Culture of the Song Dynasty

text: Chinese Buddhism

text: Buddhist art

text: Embree, Ainslie Thomas

text: MOA Museum of Art

text: Tokyo National Museum

categories: Chinese Zen Buddhists,Song dynasty painters,Zen Buddhist monks and priests,1178 births,11th-century Chinese calligraphers,1249 deaths,Song dynasty Buddhist monks,Buddhist artists,People from Mianyang,Song dynasty calligraphers,Painters from Sichuan

paragraph: Wuzhun Shifan

paragraph: Wuzhun Shifan (; Wade-Giles: Wu Chun Shih Fan; 1178–1249) was a Chinese painter, calligrapher, and prominent Zen Buddhist monk who lived during the late Song Dynasty (960-1279).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Wuzhun Shifan was born in Zitong, Sichuan province, China. He eventually became a Buddhist abbot at the Temple of Mount Jingshan. He was once summoned by Emperor Lizong of Song (理宗; r. 1224-1264) in 1233 in order to share with him the doctrine of Chán (Zen) Buddhism, discussing Dharma with the emperor. For this Wuzhun was given the title "Fojian Yuanzhao Chanshi" (Mirror of the Buddha, Zen Teacher) as well as a gold-embroidered kaśaya that he wears in his portrait painting of 1238.

paragraph: Wuzhun had many disciples who studied under him. This included Enni Ben'en (圓爾辯圓 ; 1201–1280; Shoichi Kokushi), who studied under Wuzhun in China from 1235 to 1241 and later brought Wuzhun's teachings to Japan. Afterwards, Enni helped cement greater acceptance for Zen teaching in Japan and aided in the establishment of the Tōfuku-ji temple of Kyoto in 1243.

paragraph: Section::::Calligraphy and artwork.

paragraph: Some of Wuzhun's written calligraphy that was handed down to Enni is still preserved on plaques found at Tōfuku-ji, and a scroll of Wuzhun's calligraphy was even presented to the Tokugawa family as a gift to the "shōgun". There is also a written letter of Wuzhun Shifan, dated to 1242, that is now preserved as a at the Tokyo National Museum.

paragraph: Wuzhun Shifan's written inscription appears on the 13th century Chinese painting "A Monk Riding a Mule", housed in the Collection of John M. Crawford Jr. It is possible that he painted the picture, although it is unknown if he is the true author of the artwork.

paragraph: Wuzhun's portrait was painted in 1238 by an anonymous artist, taken to Japan by Enni Ben'en in 1241, and is still located at Tōfuku-ji in Kyoto, Japan. It has been designated at National Treasure in the category "paintings". The painting also bears an inscription penned by Wuzhun Shifan. Bernard Faure writes that it is painted in the Chan priest portrait style, known as "dingxiang" or "zhenxiang" (Japanese: "chinzō"). Like others of its style, the Chan monk sits in a lotus posture, donning in full monastic robes, with the monk's shoes placed at a footstool below and his right hand grasping a whisk or staff.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Song Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Chinese people

paragraph: BULLET::::- Culture of the Song Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese Buddhism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buddhist art

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Embree, Ainslie Thomas (1997). "Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching". Armonk: ME Sharpe, Inc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faure, Bernard. (2003). "Chan Buddhism in Ritual Context". New York: RoutledgeCurzon. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lauer, Uta. (2002). "A Master of His Own". Stuttgart: Steiner. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MOA Museum of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tokyo National Museum

description: Zen master

wikidata_label: Wuzhun Shifan

wikipedia_title: Wuzhun Shifan


text: Modena

text: Cardinal Montalto

text: Sixtus V

text: Sistine Chapel

text: Vatican Palace

text: St. Peter's Basilica

text: Cesare Nebbia

text: Sixtus V

text: Vatican Library

text: Sidney J. Freedberg

text: Judith

text: Avery Library

text: Columbia University

text: Cesare Ripa

text: emblem

text: Musée du Louvre

categories: Italian male painters,17th-century Italian painters,Italian draughtsmen,16th-century Italian painters,Modenese painters,1544 births,1618 deaths,People from Modena

paragraph: Giovanni Guerra

paragraph: Giovanni Guerra (1544–1618) was an Italian draughtsman and painter from Modena who worked in Rome, where he probably arrived in 1562, though he was not documented until 1583, when he frescoed three friezes of allegorical figures in the Palazzetto Cenci, a modest project for a patron who was not very prestigious.

paragraph: For Cardinal Montalto he dedicated an elaborate composition of the Mystic Terrestrial Paradise ("paradiso terrestre mistico"), which he had engraved with verses composed for the occasion; decorations from the Sala Grande of the Palazzo alle Terme of the Villa Montalto are also attributed to Guerra: on 24 April 1585 the Cardinal was elected to the papacy as Sixtus V. In 1586 Guerra received the important commission, the first project of Sixtus, to fresco the staircase that connects the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican Palace with St. Peter's Basilica. In this large undertaking he was associated from the start of the following year with the experienced Cesare Nebbia, and the partners continued to control the expanding team of painters in the vast decorations for Sixtus V, notably in the "Salone Sistino" of the Vatican Library (completed in 1589), where they provided designs and supervision for a multitude of assistants, in a project that Sidney J. Freedberg dismisses as "prosy humanistic subject matter in a flat academic style". Guerra did less painting as the project unrolled, concentrating on providing the other artists with designs, his strong point, for his coloring was weak, according to his first biographer, F. Forciroli. He developed a reputation as an inventor of designs, such as the series of drawings demonstrating the story of Judith, now in the Avery Library, Columbia University, which another hand has referred to this "pittore erudito"

paragraph: Guerra provided drawings for Cesare Ripa's "Iconologia" (1593) and further drawings for its second, expanded Roman edition (1603), which remained in active use by painters and designers for the decorative arts for more than a century. His own little volume of engraved emblems, "Varii Emblemi hierogliphici", he signed as "Pittore e Invent." More than three hundred drawings by him are conserved in the Musée du Louvre and the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris.

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Giovanni Guerra

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Guerra


text:
Japanese
Japan
Baekje
Korea
Emperor Ōjin
Nihon Shoki
Kojiki
Arai Hakuseki
Motoori Norinaga
Kojiki
Lelang Commandery
Kawachi Province
Jinshin War
Shoku Nihongi
Shinsen Shōjiroku
Kokin Wakashū
Waka
Emperor Nintoku
Heian period
Hirakata
Osaka Prefecture
Kokugaku
Prince Arisugawa
Meiji Restoration
Uchida Ryōhei
Black Dragon Society
Ueno Park
Kim Dae-jung
Kim Jong-pil
Yeongam
South Jeolla
South Korea
Doseon
Korean influence on Japanese culture

paragraph: Wani (scholar)

paragraph: Wani () (Japanese: ) is a semi-legendary Korean scholar who is said to have been sent to Japan by Baekje of southwestern Korea during the reign of Emperor Ōjin. He used to be associated with the introduction of the Chinese writing system to Japan.

paragraph: Section::::Original sources and analysis.

paragraph: Wani is mentioned only in Japanese history books; he is not recorded in Chinese or Korean sources. The main sources of Wani's biography are the "Nihon Shoki" (720) and the "Kojiki" (712).

paragraph: These stories have long been questioned by scholars. Ten volumes are too much for the "Analects", and more importantly, his alleged arrival predates the composition of the "Thousand Character Classic" (the early 6th century). Arai Hakuseki (1657–1725) considered that Wani had brought a certain book of Elementary Learning which the "Kojiki" had confused with the "Thousand Character Classic". Motoori Norinaga (1730–1801) claimed that it was pointless to care about details because the "Thousand Character Classic" was mentioned just as a typical book of Elementary Learning. Some assume a different version of the "Thousand Character Classic" was brought but this theory has no clear basis. In short, it is not unnatural for people like Wani to have come to Japan around that time, but there is no strong evidence determining whether Wani really existed.

paragraph: Dating the alleged arrival of Wani is rather difficult since there are long-lasting disputes over the accuracy of these sources on early events. According to the traditional dating, it would be 285 though is considered too early by historians. Based on the reign of King Akue (阿花王; identified as King Asin 阿莘王) of Baekje, who, according to the "Nihon Shoki", died in the 16th year of Emperor Ōjin's reign, it would be 405. However, this theory contradicts the description of the "Kojiki", which says that Wani's arrival was during the reign of King Shōko (照古王; usually identified as King Geunchogo 近肖古王, r. 346-375) of Baekje. The "Kojiki" suggests that Wani arrived sometime after 372.

paragraph: His name is not straightforward either. The "Kojiki" calls him "Wani Kishi". The "Nihon Shoki" and most of the subsequent documents read 王仁. Although the reading "Wani" is irregular (the standard reading is "Ō Jin" or "Ō Nin"), these characters look like a Chinese name (the surname Wang and the personal name Ren). This leads some scholars to consider that Wani was of Chinese descent. In fact his descendants claimed so. A supporting fact is that the Wang clan was powerful in China's former Lelang Commandery in northwestern Korea. After the downfall of the commandery around 313, some members of the Wang clan might have fled to Baekje, and then to Japan. A more skeptical view is that the legend of Wani was influenced by much later events: the surname Wang was selected as the most appropriate name for the ideal man of letters because in the late 6th century, several scholars surnamed Wang came to Japan from southern China via Baekje.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: The descendants of Wani, or more precisely, those who claimed Wani to be their ancestor, were collectively called Kawachi no Fumi clan. They lived in Kisaichi of Kawachi Province together with their branch families. The head family had the "uji" "Fumi" [literature] after their duty as scribes, and similarly their branch families were given the "kabane" "Fuhito" [scribe].

paragraph: Despite Wani's fame as a scholar, the Kawachi no Fumi clan was not so active as secretaries for administration. A rare exception was Fumi no Nemaro (文禰麻呂; ?-707). Instead of being active in civil administration, he rose to a rank unusually high for a mid-level bureaucrat for his performances in the Jinshin War (672). Some historians consider that this was the reason why the legend of Wani was recorded in the "Kojiki" and the "Nihon Shoki". It is known that scribes of foreign origin had similar and mutually conflicting legends about their founders. Features common in their stories include the arrival during the reign of Emperor Ōjin, the introduction of Chinese literature and/or Confucianism, and the surname Wang. The legend of Wani was chosen with the rest of them ignored because the Kawachi no Fumi clan was relatively powerful at the time of the compilation of the history books.

paragraph: In 791 Wani's descendants including Fumi no Mooto (文最弟) and Takefu no Makata (武生真象) made a successful attempt to elevate their "kabane" or family rank. According to the "Shoku Nihongi" (797), their appeal was as follows:

paragraph: A similar story can be found in the description of the Fumi no Sukune (文宿禰) clan by the "Shinsen Shōjiroku" (815).

paragraph: Section::::Later interpretations.

paragraph: The article of the "Nihon Shoki" was traditionally interpreted as the introduction of Confucianism and/or Chinese literature although not clearly stated in the history book.

paragraph: According to the preface to the "Kokin Wakashū" (905), a famous Waka poem starting with "Naniwa-zu" was traditionally attributed to Wani. At that time, the imperial throne was vacant for three years because the future Emperor Nintoku (successor to Emperor Ōjin) and his brother Crown Prince Uji no Waki Iratsuko renounced succession to the throne to crown the other. Historians and philologists are skeptical about the attribution to Wani because it cannot be found in earlier sources. Anyway, from the early 10th century on, this poem was regarded as a chorus that praises Emperor Nintoku. As a result, Wani was portrayed as a sage submitting to the emperor's virtue.

paragraph: From the Heian period onward, references to Wani mostly involved the "Naniwa-zu" poem. Oddly some commentaries to Waka poems describe Wani as a man from Silla in southeastern Korea. Although this error was corrected by Fujiwara no Norikane's "Waka dōmōshō" (1145–53) and Kenshō's "Kokinshū jo chū" (1183) with the reference to the "Nihon Shoki", it survived for a long time. To solve the contradiction, Reizei Tamesuke even claimed in 1297 that Wani had been transferred from Baekje to Silla and then from Silla to Japan. A possible reason for this error is that Wani's arrival at Japan was interpreted as a result of Empress Jingū's conquest of Silla, which was recorded in the "Nihon Shoki".

paragraph: Section::::Political exploitations.

paragraph: Section::::Political exploitations.:Hirakata.

paragraph: The so-called tomb of Wani is located in Hirakata, Osaka Prefecture. It is, however, most likely that the alleged tomb identified in the 18th century has nothing to do with Wani.

paragraph: The "tomb" was located in Fujisaka Village, Kawachi Province (part of the modern-day Hirakata city). It was originally a pair of stones known to local people as "Oni Tomb" (於爾墓). In other words, they were not associated with Wani. The situation changed in 1731 when the Confucian scholar Namikawa Seisho (並河誠所) visited there as part of the compilation of a geography monograph named Gokinaishi (五畿内志). He claimed that he discovered an old document at Wada Temple of Kin'ya Village (also part of the modern Hirakata) that read the name "Oni Tomb" was the corrupt form of "Wani Tomb". At his recommendation, a stonetomb was built behind the stones. It is generally considered that the "tomb" in Hirakata is Namikawa's fabrication. There is no ancient record that refers to Wani's burial site. Archaeologically speaking, there was no such custom of setting a tombstone on a mound before the introduction of Buddhism.

paragraph: The new myth spread as the Kokugaku movement became active. Wani was praised as a talented and faithful servant to the ancient emperors. In 1827, a monument in honor of Wani was erected near the tomb, on which his name was engraved by Prince Arisugawa. After the Meiji Restoration, a ceremony was held at the tomb in 1899 to commemorate the 1500-year anniversary of the death of Emperor Nintoku.

paragraph: After the annexation of Korea, another symbolic role was given to Wani in relation to modern Korea/Koreans. As part of an effort to integrate Korea into the empire, conciliatory approaches were adopted. Wani was utilized as a historical precedent for serving the emperor loyally in spite of non-Japanese root. In 1927 a society was set up in Tokyo to build a shrine for Wani. Its member included Uchida Ryōhei from the Black Dragon Society. The project for building a shrine in the site of the Wani tomb began in 1930. In 1932 the society celebrated the 1650-year anniversary of Wani's arrival there. The construction of Wani shrine started in 1940 but was never completed. In addition to Wani Shrine, a pair of monuments was built in honor of Wani in Tokyo's Ueno Park in 1939.

paragraph: With the disintegration of the Japanese Empire, the political role of Wani ceased to exist. Instead, Wani was targeted by Korean political exploitation. Koreans, in turn, use Wani as a symbol of ancient Korea's "cultural superiority" over Japan. Since the 1980s Korean nationals in Japan have led various events visualizing Wani's alleged arrival at Japan. President Kim Dae-jung sent a personal letter to a ceremony at the tomb in 1998, and Prime Minister Kim Jong-pil visited there in 1999.

paragraph: Section::::Political exploitations.:Yeongam.

paragraph: Even though Korea has no historical records on Wani, "Doctor Wang In's Historical Sites" (Wang In is the Korean form of Wani, 왕인) are located in Gurim Village, Yeongam County, South Jeolla Province, South Korea today. It is based on a new myth that can date back only to the early 20th century.

paragraph: Earlier geography books including the "Taekriji" (1751) never link Wani to Yeongam. The first known record that associates Wani with Yeongam is the "Joseon Hwanyeo Seungnam" (朝鮮寰輿勝覧; 1922–37) by Yi Byeong-yeon (이병연, 李秉延). It claims without providing any evidence that Wani was born in Yeongnam. It is known that around the same time, a Japanese monk named Aoki Keishō claimed on the basis of "oral tradition" that Yeongam was Wani's homeland. In 1932 he made a failed appeal to erect a bronze statue of Wani in Yeongam.

paragraph: A new myth about Wangin was publicized in South Korea in the 1970s. In 1972 the social activist Kim Changsu reported a series of essays titled "Korean spirit embodied in Japan," which appealed to South Koreans who felt starved for Korean superiority to Japan. In the framework of Korean national history, Wani was regarded as a Korean. Upon being informed by a reader from Yeongam, Kim issued a statement identifying Yeongam as the birthplace of Wani in the next year. In spite of the weakness of the evidence, Wani's "relic site" was designated as Cultural Asset No. 20 of South Jeolla Province in 1976.

paragraph: The development of Wani's "historical sites" was led by the governments of South Jeolla Province and Yeongam County. The governor of South Jeolla Province was from Yeongam County. The construction was carried out from 1985 to 1987, "restoring" the "birthplace", schools where Wani allegedly studied, and others. Yeongam County started to fully exploit the old-looking new theme park as a tourist attraction because the introduction of local autonomy of 1990 forced the local government to look for its own source of revenue. For example, Youngam County began to host the annual "Wangin Culture Festival" in 1997 that was previously organized by local people under the name of "Cherry blossom festival". The exploitation was not done without opposition. In fact, it is criticized by a faction who attempts to use Buddhist monk Doseon (827–898) as the main tourism resource of Yeongam.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Korean influence on Japanese culture

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gotō Kōji 後藤耕二, "Atogaki ni kaete, Den Wani bo wo kaishita Daikan minkoku Zenra nandō Reigan-gun to no yūkō toshi mondai wo megutte" あとがきにかえて‐伝王仁墓を介した大韓民国全羅南道霊岩郡との友好都市問題をめぐって, Zainichi Chōsenjin no rekishi 在日朝鮮人の歴史, pp. 317–328頁, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kim Byeong-in 金秉仁: 王仁의 "지역 영웅화" 과정에 대한 문헌사적 검토, Hanguksa yeon-gu 韓國史研究, Vol.115, pp. 107–116, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ōishi Kazuyo 大石和世: "Densetsu wo tooshite hyōshō sareru Nikkan kankei" 伝説を通して表象される日韓関係 (The Relations of Korea and Japan as represented by a Legend), From Fukuoka: Asia Pacific Study Reports 福岡発・アジア太平洋研究報告, Vol. 13, pp. 1–7, 2004.

description: semi-legendary scholar said to have brought Chinese script to Japan

wikidata_label: Wani

wikipedia_title: Wani (scholar)


text: Episcopal

text: bishop

text: Colonel Richard Kidder Meade

text: George Washington

text: War of Independence

text: James River

text: Henricus

text: Shenandoah Valley

text: Meadea

text: White Post

text: Lucky Hit

text: Clarke County, Virginia

text: National Register of Historic Places

text: Nathaniel Burwell

text: College of William and Mary

text: Princeton University

text: valedictorian

text: theology

text: Walter Addison

text: Alexandria, Virginia

text: Soame Jenyns

text: William Wilberforce

text: Presbyterian Church

text: Roman Catholic

text: Quaker

text: Flushing

text: Nansemond County, Virginia

text: Sir Richard Everard, 4th Baronet

text: Richard Kidder

text: Richard Randolph

text: Pocahontas

text: John Randolph of Roanoke

text: Old Chapel

text: Fork Church

text: Hanover County

text: James Madison

text: Bruton Church

text: Richmond

text: St. John's

text: General Convention

text: William Holland Wilmer

text: Chestertown, Maryland

text: St. Paul's Church

text: older parish

text: Lord Fairfax Highway

text: Carter Braxton

text: Richard Channing Moore

text: Richmond, Virginia

text: Monumental Church

text: Alexander Balmain

text: Frederick Parish

text: Winchester, Virginia

text: Old Chapel

text: Wickliffe

text: Williamsburg

text: Virginia Theological Seminary

text: American Tract Society

text: theology

text: Evangelical Knowledge Society

text: Sunday School Union

text: Episcopal Diocese of Virginia

text: William White

text: Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania

text: Christ Church in Winchester

text: Martinsburg

text: Woodstock

text: Harrisonburg

text: Staunton

text: Halifax

text: Alexandria

text: Norfolk

text: Cunningham Chapel parish

text: J.B. Sumner

text: John Johns

text: Whittingham

text: Maryland

text: Ravenscroft

text: Ives

text: North Carolina

text: Oxford Movement

text: Henry Onderdonk

text: intemperance

text: Benjamin Treadwell Onderdonk

text: George Washington Doane

text: slaves

text: Ann Page

text: American Colonization Society

text: Robert Finley

text: Francis Scott Key

text: fighting chaplain

text: Georgia

text: Milledgeville

text: Thomas Bacon

text: Edmund Botsford

text: William Leigh

text: Halifax

text: Francis Scott Key

text: John Randolph of Roanoke

text: John Johns

text: Millwood

text: John Johns

text: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

text: Shenandoah Valley road

text: Henry Champlin Lay

text: Stephen Elliott

text: Richard Hooker Wilmer

text: St. Paul's Church

text: Gordonsville

text: Robert E. Lee

text: Richmond, Virginia

text: St. Paul's Church

text: Hollywood Cemetery

text: Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia

text: George William Peterkin

text: Tractarianism

categories: 19th-century American Episcopalians,19th-century Anglican bishops,Religious leaders from Richmond, Virginia,Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America,18th-century American Episcopalians,People from Clarke County, Virginia,1862 deaths,American Episcopal priests,1789 births

paragraph: William Meade

paragraph: William Meade (November 11, 1789 – March 14, 1862) was a United States Episcopal bishop, the third Bishop of Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: His father, Colonel Richard Kidder Meade (1746–1805), one of George Washington's aides during the War of Independence, after the conflict ended sold his estate at Coggins Point on the James River near Henricus and bought 1000 acres and moved the family to the Shenandoah Valley. Thus, William Meade was born on November 11, 1789 at 'Meadea' near White Post, then grew up at Lucky Hit plantation in Frederick County but now Clarke County, Virginia. Both are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

paragraph: The boy was home-schooled until he was ten, then sent to a school run by Rev. Wiley on the estate of Nathaniel Burwell. Rather than attend the College of William and Mary in Virginia, which some considered irreligious by the time, young Meade and his fellow student William H. Fitzhugh entered the college of New Jersey (later Princeton University) in 1806. Meade graduated with high honors and as valedictorian in 1808.

paragraph: At the urging of his mother and his cousin Mrs. Custis, Meade studied theology privately under the Rev. Walter Addison near the newly established national capital, and lived for a time in Alexandria, Virginia across the Potomac River from Rev. Addison's parish. He was particularly impressed by Soame Jenyns "Internal Evidence of Christianity" and William Wilberforce's "Practical View." Meade also returned to Princeton in 1809 to continue some graduate studies in divinity (since it had been organized by the Presbyterian Church), but caught a near-fatal fever, and so returned home to work on the farm as well as to build his own Shenandoah valley home at "Mountain View" (an estate which remains today, although no longer in Meade family ownership).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Since this Meade later published genealogies of Virginia families, and in one pamphlet distinguished the Episcopal Church from the "Romish," he acknowledged the first of his ancestors to arrive in America was Andrew Meade, a Roman Catholic who emigrated to New York and married Quaker Mary Latham of Flushing. The couple moved to what was then Nansemond County, Virginia, where great-grandfather Meade "abjured his allegiance to the Roman Church" and became a vestryman of the Suffolk Church. His son David married a daughter of North Carolina's last proprietary Governor, Sir Richard Everard, 4th Baronet, who could trace descent from Richard Kidder, Bishop of Bath and Wells. One of their sons, Richard Kidder Meade (b. 1746), married Jane Randolph, daughter of Richard Randolph of Curles, whom the family noted was a descendant of Pocahontas as well as grandfather of John Randolph of Roanoke. However, they had no children before Jane died. After the Revolutionary war, in 1780, Col. R.K. Meade married again, to Mary Randolph, the daughter of Benjamin Grymes and widow of William Randolph of Chatsworth, who bore him four daughters and four sons, including the future bishop.

paragraph: Young William Meade married Mary, daughter of his Frederick County neighbor and lay reader Philip Nelson, on January 31, 1810. She bore his three sons before dying on July 3, 1817, and was buried at Old Chapel, as later would their sons Philip Nelson Meade (1811–1873) and Francis Burwell Meade (1815–1886). Three years after her death, on December 16, 1820, William Meade remarried, to Thomasia, daughter of Thomas Nelson of Yorktown and Hanover, who zealously assisted him in his ministry for two decades before dying on May 20, 1836. She was buried at Fork Church in Hanover County. Bishop Meade's middle son, Richard Kidder Meade (1812–1892) became a clergyman, as did five of his grandsons.

paragraph: Section::::Ministry.

paragraph: The elderly bishop James Madison of Virginia ordained Meade as a deacon on February 24, 1811. Meade afterward recalled that the congregation consisted of fifteen gentlemen and three ladies, almost all of them his relatives, and that on the way to Bruton Church many more gun-toting students and hunting dogs had passed them. When Meade traveled back through Richmond, the newly ordained deacon noted that the city's only church St. John's was only open for communion occasions, and that the Episcopalian Dr. Buchanan and Presbyterian Dr. Blair alternated Sundays. Bishop Madison died about a year later, and at least two men declined offers to become his successor.

paragraph: After the disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Virginia in 1786 was found legal by Virginia's highest court in 1803, the new Episcopal Church, which had over 180 priests at the start of the Revolutionary War, was desperately short of ministers. By 1811, with Bishop Madison very infirm, no one from Virginia attended the General Convention. The following year Meade and several other prominent Virginians convinced William Holland Wilmer of Chestertown, Maryland, to move to Alexandria and the new national capital to serve as rector at St. Paul's Church after the newly ordained deacon Meade tried to serve those parishioners' needs as well as those of Alexandria's older parish for several months despite their significant distance down the Lord Fairfax Highway from his family's preferred home.

paragraph: Only seven Virginia priests (including Meade and Wilmer) gathered for the second diocesan convocation to select Madison's successor, many fewer than the priests and laity (led by Carter Braxton) who had gathered in 1805 and declined their Bishop Madison's request to appoint an assistant for him (with rights of succession). Finally, Meade, Wilmer and several other prominent Episcopalians convinced Richard Channing Moore to move to Richmond, Virginia to become rector of Monumental Church (a significant parish then being built as a memorial to those who died in a disastrous theater fire), and Moore in due course became bishop Madison's successor. Bishop Moore ordained Meade as a priest in 1814, shortly after his own election.

paragraph: From his ordination until 1821, deacon and then Rev. Meade served as the assistant to Rev. Alexander Balmain, rector of Frederick Parish and who usually served in Winchester, Virginia, about 15 miles away from Meade's home. Meade normally officiated every other Sunday at the Old Chapel near his family's plantations. On the alternate Sundays, his father in law served as the parish's lay leader, while Rev. Meade visited other congregations nearby or more remotely. After Rev. Balmaine died, Meade took on assistants who served at Winchester and Wickliffe, until those parishes were separated from Frederick Parish. Meade also remained as rector after his consecration as assistant bishop as discussed below, in part because his predecessors all kept other positions.

paragraph: Meade also continued manual labor on his farm, and had specifically sought assurances from Bishop Madison before ordination that such work would not violate a longstanding church canon against servile labor, for Meade firmly believed sloth had helped all but destroy the Church of Virginia. He also home-taught his sons and nephew, both in scholarly work and manual labor. Later, Meade became known for his forays throughout Virginia, especially by horse even during severe weather, preaching among diverse parishes, until he ceded to old age and used a carriage (which some joked dated from his father's service with General Washington).

paragraph: In 1818, Meade and Wilmer helped organize an education society in Alexandria. Five years later, after an unsuccessful attempt to establish a seminary in Williamsburg, both helped form the Virginia Theological Seminary in Alexandria to train young men for the ministry in Maryland, Virginia and southern states. Meade also supported the American Tract Society, and the Bible Society, except as the former grew to support abolitionism, as discussed below. Later, from 1842–1862, bishop Meade served as the seminary's president, as well as delivered an annual course of lectures on pastoral theology. Meade also helped found the Evangelical Knowledge Society (1847) and served as its president. That organization opposed what it considered the heterodoxy of many of the books published by the Sunday School Union, and attempted to displace them by issuing works of a more evangelical type.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.

paragraph: In 1829, after Wilmer's unexpected death and as Bishop Moore approached retirement, Meade became assistant Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Virginia. Three years earlier, he had refused suggestions that he apply to become the now-elderly Bishop William White's assistant in the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania. Nonetheless, Bishop White led several other bishops who gathered at St. James' Church in Philadelphia during Meade's consecration as Bishop Moore's assistant.

paragraph: The new suffragan's first official act, on October 30, 1829, was consecrating a new building for Christ Church in Winchester. Meade then began an extensive visitation of the diocese, which took him to Martinsburg, then through the Shenandoah valley (Woodstock, Harrisonburg, and Staunton) before conducting Christmas services in Halifax and returning north to Alexandria. In 1832, Meade traveled across the Appalachian mountains for visitations in Kentucky and Tennessee. He also served as rector of Christ Church, Norfolk in 1834–1836, which may have prompted Meade to resign as rector of his home Cunningham Chapel parish (Rev. Stringfellow succeeded him for five years, followed by several longer-serving rectors). Rt. Rev. Meade thus became the first Virginia bishop to hold his position full-time, without concurrent responsibilities for an individual parish (as had bishop Moore with Monumental Church) or institution (as had bishop Madison with the College of William and Mary). In 1841, Meade traveled to London and met the future archbishop of Canterbury J.B. Sumner, among others.

paragraph: When Bishop Moore died later that year, Meade succeeded him as Bishop of Virginia, and soon consecrated Maryland native John Johns as his assistant (and successor more than two decades later). Whereas the diocese had 44 clergy serving 40 parishes and 1,1462 communicants when Meade was consecrated as suffragan, the numbers had risen to 87 clergy serving 99 parishes and 3,702 communicants by the year Bishop Moore died, and 116 clergy serving 123 parishes and 7,876 communicants by 1860.

paragraph: A low Churchman, Meade believed in evangelism and missionary work. He preached the gospel of Christ Crucified like some of his Presbyterian neighbors. Unlike his neighboring bishops Whittingham of Maryland and Ravenscroft and Ives of North Carolina, Meade opposed the Oxford Movement as too "Romish" (particularly after Rt.Rev. Ives' conversion to Catholicism in 1855). Rt.Rev. Meade especially objected to doctrines of transubstantiation and prayers for the dead, which he thought inconsistent with salvation through grace. As bishop Meade actively participated in several episcopal disciplinary cases against high churchmen: against Bishop Henry Onderdonk (1789–1858) of Pennsylvania (who because of intemperance was forced to resign and temporarily suspended from the ministry) in 1844; against his younger brother Bishop Benjamin Treadwell Onderdonk (1791–1861) of New York, who in 1845 was suspended from the ministry on the charge of improper conduct; and against Bishop George Washington Doane of New Jersey for misappropriation. Meade also disciplined at least one priest in Portsmouth for practices he believed excessive and akin to Catholicism.

paragraph: In 1851, some Virginians in counties north and west of Meade's familial home wanted to secede from Virginia, politically as well as by selecting their own bishop. Bishop Meade pointed out that the section only had seven clergy, far less than the 30 required under church canons, and the proposal was defeated until after Meade's death.

paragraph: Section::::Views on slavery.

paragraph: Meade freed his own slaves, who moved to Pennsylvania, since Virginia's laws at the time forbade emancipated slaves from remaining in the Commonwealth without special permission from the legislature. His views were influenced by his sister Ann Page (d. 1838) as well as his clerical mentors (who both freed slaves). On December 21, 1816, Rev. Meade traveled to Washington, D.C. for the organizational meeting of the American Colonization Society (ACS), thus helping Rev. Robert Finley (a Presbyterian), Francis Scott Key and U.S. Supreme Court clerk Elias B. Caldwell (son of the "fighting chaplain of the third New Jersey regiment") establish that organization. In 1819, Virginia's diocesan convention strongly supported the ACS, and Meade (as ACS's agent) traveled through the American south campaigning for the removal of African American slaves to Africa. In Georgia he purchased slaves illegally brought into the state and sold publicly at Milledgeville.

paragraph: However, Meade did not consider slavery a sin, merely a hindrance to economic growth. He believed Christian principles could teach masters to treat their slaves well. Thus, in 1813 Meade compiled and published a compilation of Christian proslavery tracts by authors including Anglican minister Thomas Bacon and Baptist Edmund Botsford. After his consecration, one of Meade's earliest pastoral letters (in 1834) concerned religious instruction for slaves.

paragraph: Beginning in 1833, Bishop Meade, Judge William Leigh of Halifax and lawyer Francis Scott Key administered the will of their friend John Randolph of Roanoke, who died without children and who in his final testament directed his executors to free his more than four hundred slaves. The executors fought for a decade through Virginia courts to enforce the will and provide the freed slaves land to support themselves.

paragraph: In 1841 Meade reported for a diocesan committee concerning the best means for instructing slaves, urging clergyman to devote at least part of each Sunday's sermon at slaves, or hold Sunday afternoon or weeknight services for them, and that if the could not catechize both white and black children, reserve those limited resources for slave children. Meade repeated the educational theme through his addresses and parochial reports, and in 1856 was criticized by an anonymous correspondent for remarks concerning slavery "in the presence of ten or twelve Negroes, who were candidates for confirmation."

paragraph: Meade convinced himself of the reciprocal nature of the master-slave relationship, and by 1857 published Christian proslavery tracts in his own name, declaring in his historical masterwork "If the evil passions are sometimes called into exercise, the milder virtues are much more frequently drawn forth." In 1858, his suffragan John Johns took charge of the committee and emphasized missionary work among slaves. Johns later summarized Meade's position as disliking slavery and considering it politically disadvantageous to the country, but relying on his own experience concerning manumission's failures. As Meade grew older, perhaps influenced by slave rebellions in Virginia, or his family's business interests, his views concerning slavery became more conservative. Biographer Johns stated that bishop Meade wrote to an American Tract Society meeting in New York opposing "an attempt ... made to introduce the leaven of New England fanaticism" and that Meade was unable to attend such meeting, but failed to mention the year the Tract Society's directors then defeated the abolitionist resolution.

paragraph: Meade's last will and testament contains no explicit bequests of slaves, although it does direct (among other bequests) his executor to spend $200 to purchase tracts from the Evangelical Knowledge Society, the American Tract Society and the American Sunday School Union to be distributed among descendants of his brothers R.K. Meade and David Meade, as well as $500 to (ACS missionary) Rev. Charles Wesley Andrews "to be expended in the manner directed in a paper or papers accompanying this will", as well as refers to two farms (Mountain View previously purchased by his son Philip Nelson Meade but who had not received a deed, and the adjacent Browers Farm and land in Missouri given to his three sons jointly with the expectation of sale and division between them).

paragraph: Section::::Confederate bishop.

paragraph: Meade fought against Virginians who threatened secession after the election of President Abraham Lincoln, preaching at Millwood against the looming civil war on June 13, nearly two months after Virginia's secession. Still, Meade believed in state's rights and acquiesced in his beloved Commonwealth's ultimate decision to secede. Although near retirement (John Johns having become his suffragan decades earlier), Meade became a leading figure in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America. In 1859, shortly after John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (not very far down the historic Shenandoah Valley road from Meade's familial home and farm), the Episcopal Church held its General Convention in Richmond. There, the elderly Rt. Rev. Meade helped other southern bishops consecrate Henry Champlin Lay as a missionary bishop of the Southwest. Two years later, Bishop Meade as the senior seceding bishop, led the convention in Columbia, South Carolina in October 1861, which drew up the incorporation documents. However, he did not travel to Montgomery, Alabama for the preliminary organizational meeting July 3–6, 1861. Thus, Bishop Stephen Elliott of Georgia became the Presiding Bishop of the Confederate Episcopal Church.

paragraph: On March 6, 1862, the elderly and infirm bishop returned to Richmond for the last time in order to assist his suffragan and Bishop Elliott in consecrating Wilmer's son, Richard Hooker Wilmer, as bishop of Alabama at St. Paul's Church. Bishop Meade had traveled by train from Gordonsville, along with his son, the Rev. Richard K. Meade, although coughing and obviously ill. He arrived at the church in time for the consecration, but afterward was confined to bed at a friend's home, and died days later. According to tradition, the dying Virginia bishop gave his last blessing to Confederate General Robert E. Lee, whom he had long known from the days both had lived and worshiped in Alexandria, and who was married to the daughter of his sister Ann Page's best friend. Bishop Meade was reputedly the only man who customarily called the general by his first name.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Bishop Meade died in Richmond, Virginia, aged 72, on March 14, 1862. After a funeral at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, his body was placed in a vault in Hollywood Cemetery. The monument and remains were later moved to the Virginia Theological Seminary in Alexandria.

paragraph: Not long after Meade's death, the counties adjacent to his home counties of Frederick and Clarke seceded from Virginia and became the state of West Virginia. The General Convention organized the Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia in 1877. Its first bishop, George William Peterkin, was a VTS graduate who had served with Meade's son in the Confederate army, and whose vocation Bishop Meade had fostered. Furthermore, Peterkin's long-serving successor at Baltimore's Memorial Church, Dr. William Meade Dame had been named in the bishop's honor.

paragraph: In 1868, Virginia's diocesan council authorized a church near the Meade family's estates in White Post, which was begun in 1872 under the direction of Rev. John Ravenscroft Jones (rector of Meade's home Cunninham Chapel Parish as well as disciplined for his Confederate sympathies by occupying Union forces) and consecrated in 1875. Although inactive for a time, it now again has an active congregation, as well as graveyard which contains many Meade family graves and a Confederate memorial. Furthermore, in 1869, the rector of Christ Church in Alexandria, Randolph Harrison McKim (a former Confederate veteran), organized a mission church for African American Episcopalians in the city where Meade had long served. In 1870, Bishop Johns consecrated that church in honor of his mentor, Meade Memorial Church in Alexandria. Initially serviced by Rev. McKim and various VTS seminarians, it remains an active congregation.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Among his publications, besides many sermons, were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sermons Address to Masters and Servants, and Published in the Year 1743, by the Rev. Thomas Bacon, Minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Maryland, Now Republished with other Tracts and Dialogues on the Same Subject, and Recommended to all Masters and Mistresses to Be Used in Their Families (Winchester, VA: John Heiskell, 1813)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Brief Review of the Episcopal Church in Virginia" (1845)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conversations on the Catechism of the Protestant Episcopal Church, abridged and Accommodated to the American Church from an English Edition" (1849)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wilberforce, Cranmer, Jewett and the Prayer Book on the Incarnation" (1850)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reasons for Loving the Episcopal Church" (1852)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia" (1857), a storehouse in two volumes of material on the ecclesiastical history of the state, republished several times.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bible and the Classics" (1861)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ()Sermon by William White at the Consecration of William Meade

paragraph: BULLET::::- () Online works by and about Meade

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tractarianism

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Lynn Holmes, Jr., "William Meade and the Church of Virginia 1789–1829" (PhD. Dissertation, Princeton University, 1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Larry E. Tise, "Proslavery: A History of the Defense of Slavery in America, 1701–1840"(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Frank Waukechon, The forgotten evangelicals: Virginia Episcopalians 1790–1876 (PhD. Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, 2000)

description: American bishop

wikidata_label: William Meade

wikipedia_title: William Meade


text:
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categories: Sportspeople from South Bend, Indiana,Minnesota Vikings players,Players of American football from California,People from San Pedro, Los Angeles,Living people,Players of American football from Indiana,1992 births,American football linebackers,National Conference Pro Bowl players,Sportspeople from Los Angeles,UCLA Bruins football players,All-American college football players

paragraph: Anthony Barr (American football)

paragraph: Anthony Barr (born March 18, 1992) is an American football outside linebacker for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at UCLA, where he was a consensus All-American in 2013. He was drafted by the Vikings in the first round, 9th overall of the 2014 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Barr was born in South Bend, Indiana, but raised in Los Angeles, where he attended Loyola High School in the Pico-Union neighborhood. He was a letterman in football and track, and was an All-State selection at running back for the Loyola Cubs football team after rushing for 1,890 yards and 20 touchdowns as a junior. However, he missed virtually all of his senior season after breaking his ankle in the September, and was also unable to participate in the 2010 U.S. Army All-American Bowl, to which he was invited.

paragraph: Barr also lettered four seasons in track & field. At the 2009 CIF Southern Meet, he earned 11th-place finishes in both the 100 meter (11.01 s) and the 200 meter (22.40 s) dashes. He took silver in the 200-meter dash at the 2009 Mission League Championships, recording a personal-best time of 21.86 seconds.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.:Recruiting.

paragraph: Regarded as a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Barr was listed as the No. 8 prospect and the No. 5 athlete out of the state of California. According to Scout.com, he was ranked as the No. 100 national prospect and the No. 10 outside linebacker. He was also rated as the No. 1 athlete by MaxPreps. With scholarship offers from dozens of schools, Barr narrowed his decision down to Notre Dame and UCLA, before choosing the Bruins on January 21, 2010

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Barr was an offensive player his first two years at UCLA playing running back, wide receiver and tight end. Prior to his junior season in 2012, he switched to linebacker. During his first year as a linebacker, he exploded with 13.5 sacks, 21.5 tackles for loss and 83 tackles. His 13.5 sacks were the second highest total in the nation behind only Georgia’s Jarvis Jones. He was named a first team All-Pac-12 selection. He was named to the CBSSports.com College Football All-America second team. At the team's annual awards banquet, Barr was named the Most Valuable Player on defense (Henry R. "Red" Sanders Award).

paragraph: In a November 2012 game vs. the USC Trojans, Barr sacked quarterback Matt Barkley, who suffered a season ending shoulder injury.

paragraph: Despite being touted as a potential first round draft choice in the 2013 NFL Draft, Barr decided to return to UCLA for his senior season.

paragraph: Barr was named Pac-12 Defensive Player of the Week after week 2 of the 2013 season, a 41–21 win over Nebraska on September 14, 2013. He was also the Walter Camp Football Foundation player of the week on defense.

paragraph: For the 2013 regular season, Barr had 62 tackles, 20 for a loss (ranked 9th) and has forced five fumbles (fifth best) and recovered four (second in the nation). He led the team with 10 sacks for 66 yards and was rewarded with the Lott IMPACT Award. Barr is in sixth place on the all-time school list for tackles for loss (41.5) and is tied for sixth on the school's all-time list for sacks (23.5).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pre-draft.

paragraph: Barr was considered one of the top linebacker prospects for the 2014 NFL Draft. After the college season concluded, he was projected as the No. 3 selection in the 2014 NFL Draft by "Sports Illustrated".

paragraph: At the 2014 NFL Combine, Barr ran the 40-yard dash in 4.66 seconds, sixth-best among linebackers, and tied for 14th in the vertical (34.5 inches). His 15 reps on the bench press were also dead last among those who participated, according to NFL.com's combine tracker. At the UCLA Pro Day on March 11, he ran an electronic 4.41 in the 40-yard dash, did 19 repetitions on the bench press and had a 10-foot-5 (3.20 meters) broad jump.

paragraph: Barr was selected in the first round, ninth overall by the Minnesota Vikings, making him the highest selected defensive player out of UCLA since Eric Turner, second overall in 1991. He also surpassed Jamir Miller, who was chosen tenth overall in 1994, as the highest Bruins linebacker ever selected.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2014 season.

paragraph: Barr signed a four-year, $12.7 million contract with the Vikings. He will receive a $7.6 million signing bonus and the team can exercise a fifth-year option. Barr played in and started 12 games for the Vikings in 2014 and was awarded NFC defensive player of the week for week 8. Barr's 2014 season was cut short due to an injury and he was put on injured reserve. He ended his rookie season with 70 combined tackles, 4 sacks, 2 forced fumbles, 3 fumble recoveries (one returned for a touchdown) and 3 pass deflections. He was a top contender for defensive rookie of the year and one of three Viking defenders named to the PFF All-NFC North Team.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2015 season.

paragraph: The first game of the season marked Barr’s first appearance in the regular season since Nov 30 because of a knee injury that stopped short his promising rookie campaign. According to press box statistics, Barr played all 73 defensive snaps against the San Francisco 49ers and recorded a career-high 12 tackles. He was credited with 10 solo stops, which tied a career-high, and made an impressive impact with Carlos Hyde for a loss of four yards in the fourth quarter. Barr surged through unblocked, making it three-plus yards behind the scrimmage as Hyde was taking the handoff from quarterback Colin Kaepernick. In Week 4 against the Denver Broncos, with Denver trying to build on a 13–3 lead late in the first half, Barr jumped in front of a short pass intended for wide receiver Andre Caldwell, recording the first interception of his career and returning it 32 yards to the Denver 27-yard line. Barr broke his left hand in Week 8 against the St. Louis Rams. In Week 12 at Atlanta, Barr became the first Viking to collect eight tackles, two forced fumbles, and a sack in the same game since Chris Doleman accomplished the feat in 1992. The first fumble came with the Vikings leading 7–0 in the first quarter, when rookie running back Tevin Coleman burst down the right sideline and cut across the grain to elude safety Antone Exum for what would have been a 46-yard gain, but then Barr chased Coleman down from behind and slapped the ball out of his right arm. In the fourth quarter, with the Falcons trailing 13–3, they went for a first down on fourth and 1 at their 48 with 4:39 left. Barr burst through the line unblocked and sacked quarterback Matt Ryan, causing him to fumble and sealing the game for the Vikings. Barr totaled 68 tackles, 4 tackles for loss, 3.5 sacks, 8 quarterback hurries, 1 interception, 7 passes defensed and 3 forced fumbles in his second season, playing a key role on a Vikings' defense that ranked 5th in the NFL and allowed 18.9 points per game. On January 25, 2016, Barr was named to his first Pro Bowl as an injury replacement for linebacker Jamie Collins, who was injured in the Patriots' loss in the conference title game.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2016 season.

paragraph: Despite a poor season in which coach Zimmer stated that Barr has a "tendency to coast," Barr was named to his second straight Pro Bowl to replace the Super Bowl-bound Vic Beasley.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017 season.

paragraph: On May 1, 2017, the Vikings exercised the fifth year option on Barr's contract. On December 19, 2017, Barr was named to his third straight Pro Bowl.

paragraph: In the Vikings' Divisional Round playoff game against the New Orleans Saints on January 15, 2018, Barr intercepted a Drew Brees pass that was tipped by teammate Everson Griffen. This gave Barr his second career interception. The Vikings would win 29-24 on a last second miracle play, advancing to the NFC Championship for the first time since 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2018 season.

paragraph: Barr was named to his fourth straight pro bowl. Barr finished the 2018 regular season with 55 tackles, 3.5 sacks, and one force fumble in 13 games.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2019 season.

paragraph: On March 11, 2019, it was reported the Barr would be signing a multi-year deal with the New York Jets. However the next day, Barr changed his mind and re-signed with the Vikings on March 13, 2019 on a five-year, $67.5 million contract with $33 million guaranteed.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Barr's father, Tony Brooks, and uncles, Reggie Brooks and Cedric Figaro, all played in the NFL. All of them also played at Notre Dame. Shortly after his birth in South Bend, Barr and his mother moved to the suburbs of Los Angeles where he was raised by his mother and maternal grandparents.

paragraph: In 2015, Anthony Barr established Raise the Barr, a nonprofit initiative to assist single-parent undergraduate students in Minnesota and California complete their post-secondary education by providing comprehensive resources to both parents and children.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Minnesota Vikings bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- UCLA Bruins bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Anthony Barr

wikipedia_title: Anthony Barr (American football)