text: Winscott

text: Peters Marland

text: Member of Parliament

text: Callington

text: Buckland Brewer

text: Combe Martin

text: Cross, Little Torrington

text: Frithelstock

text: Heraldic Visitation

text: Great Torrington

text: Buckland Brewer

text: Combe Martin

text: Hall

text: Bishops Tawton

text: Beam

text: John Rolle

text: KB

text: Cross

text: Little Torrington

text: Frithelstock

text: Stevenstone

text: St Giles in the Wood

text: Henry Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle

text: John Rolle Walter

text: Denys Rolle

text: Thomas Hudson

text: Lord Clinton

text: Buckland Filleigh

text: Bishops Tawton

text: Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe

text: Robert Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford

text: Robert Walpole

text: Prime Minister

text: Houghton Hall

text: rotten borough

text: Callington

text: 1761 general election

text: members of Parliament

text: John Clevland

text: Tapeley

text: Bideford

text: Quarterly

text: inescutcheon of pretence

text: difference

text: Cross

categories: Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,1702 births,1776 deaths

paragraph: Richard Stevens (MP)

paragraph: Richard Stevens (1702–1776) of Winscott in the parish of Peters Marland, Devon, was Member of Parliament for Callington in Cornwall (1761–1768).

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the second son of Richard Stevens (c. 1670 – 1727) of Vielstone in the parish of Buckland Brewer, Devon, (son of Henry Stevens (1617-post 1675) of Vielstone by his wife Judith Hancock (1650–1676), daughter of John Hancock lord of the manor of Combe Martin.) His elder brother was Henry Stevens (1689–1748) of Cross, Little Torrington and Smithacott in the parish of Frithelstock.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.:Ancestry.

paragraph: No entry for the Stevens family exists in the 1620 Heraldic Visitation of Devon, and thus the family's pedigree is not officially recorded, and the family must be assumed not to have been counted amongst the gentry of Devon at that time, or to have settled in the county after that date. The earliest record of the Stevens family in Devon is as follows:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Stevens (died 1648) of Great Torrington.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Stevens "de Velstone", son and heir of William Stevens of Great Torrington. The earliest known seat of the Stevens family in Devon was Vielstone, in 2013 a farmhouse used as a care home, in the parish of Buckland Brewer about five miles south-west of Great Torrington. He married Judith Stevens (died 1676), daughter of John Hancock lord of the manor of Combe Martin, as is recorded on the ornate mural monument to Judith Stevens (died 1676) on the east wall of the south aisle of Great Torrington parish church. One of their sons, John Stevens (died 1674) predeceased his father, as is revealed by his grave-slab under his father's mural monument in Great Torrington Church. Henry appears to have had two sisters, both listed "passim" in the Visitation of Devon as "daughter of William Stevens of Great Torrington":

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susannah Stevens (died 1694/5), who married firstly Alexander Rolle (died 1660) of Tawstock, a younger son of a junior line of the Rolles of Stevenstone. She married secondly in 1664, as his third wife, Sir John Chichester (1598–1669) of Hall, in the parish of Bishops Tawton, and had issue from both marriages.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Stevens (died 1669), buried at St Giles in the Wood, married in 1639 Henry Rolle (1605–1647), of Beam near Great Torrington, who in 1642 inherited from his infant cousin Denys Rolle (1638–1642) the Stevenstone estates. The marriage was childless and his heir was his cousin Sir John Rolle (died 1706), KB.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Stevens, son of Henry Stevens "de Velstone". He married a certain Elizabeth, and had two sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Stevens (1689–1748) of Cross, in the parish of Little Torrington, described in his will as "of Smithcott" in the parish of Frithelstock, but who built the existing mansion of Cross between 1744 and 1748. He married Christiana Maria Rolle (1710–1780), a daughter of John Rolle (1679–1730), MP, of Stevenstone, in the nearby parish of St Giles in the Wood, and sister of Henry Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (1708–1750). Portraits of Christiana and of her brothers John Rolle Walter (1712–1779), and Denys Rolle (1725–1797), successively owners of the Stevenstone estates, were painted by Thomas Hudson and were given in the early 1900s by Lord Clinton to the Great Torrington Town Lands and Poors Charity. They are on public display in Great Torrington townhall. The Rolles of Stevenstone were the largest landowners on Devon. Henry Stevens's heir was his son Henry Stevens (1739–1802), who married Sarah Bridget Marwood (who married secondly John Inglett Fortescue of Buckland Filleigh), but who died without children leaving as heir his sister Christiana Stevens (1743–1828) who had married in 1779 Rev. Thomas Moore (1740–1802), vicar of Bishops Tawton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Stevens (1702–1776), MP, of Winscott, subject of the present article.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was the chief agent in charge of the estates centred on Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe belonging to the wealthy heiress Margaret Rolle, "suo jure" 15th Baroness Clinton (1709–1781). Her first husband was Robert Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford eldest son of Robert Walpole the first Prime Minister. She lived briefly at the Walpole's palatial residence Houghton Hall in Norfolk, built by Robert Walpole in 1722, but on the failure of her marriage she moved abroad to Italy. Thus she required a trustworthy agent in Devon to manage her affairs, which included estates in Devon and Cornwall. The Rolle family controlled one of the seats in the rotten borough of Callington in Cornwall, and at the 1761 general election Richard Stevens was returned on her interest as one of its members of Parliament. He held the seat until 1768.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: In 1724 at Frithelstock he married his cousin Elizabeth Stevens (1707–1768), only daughter and executrix of Hugh Stevens of Buckland Brewer, by whom he had children including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh Stevens (1724–1755), predeceased his father, aged 31

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Stevens (1733–1762), predeceased his father, aged 29

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Stevens ()1745–1764), predeceased his father, aged 19

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Stevens (1727–1792), who married twice, firstly to Robert Awse of Horwood House in the parish of Frithelstock, and secondly in 1782 to John Clevland (1734–1817), of Tapeley near Bideford, seven times MP for Barnstaple. She died childless. Her mural monument survives in Peters Marland Church (see below).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christiana Maria Stevens (1739–1755), died aged 16.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.:Monument to Daughter.

paragraph: The mural monument to his daughter Elizabeth Stevens (1727–1792) survives in Peters Marland Church, inscribed as follows:

paragraph: "To the memory of Mrs Elizabeth Clevland wife of John Clevland Esq., Member of Parliament for the Borough of Barnstaple (where he has been chosen six successive parliaments) and daughter of Richard Stevens of Winscott. She died 16 September 1792 aged 65 years"

paragraph: Below is a white marble relief sculpted escutcheon showing the following arms: Quarterly 1st & 4th: Clevland; 2nd & 3rd: "Vert, two bars engrailed between three leopard's faces or" (Child baronets, of the City of London (1685) (Child of Surat, East Indies and Dervill, Essex, Baronet, created 1684, extinct 1753), the arms of William Clevland's mother Elizabeth Child). Overall is an inescutcheon of pretence of Stevens: "Per chevron azure and gules, in chief two falcons rising belled or".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Richard Stevens died on 15 July 1776 aged 74, as is stated on his monument in Peters Marland Church.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: Winscott passed after the death of his son-in-law John Cleveland to the descendants of Richard's elder brother, Henry Stevens (died 1748), of Cross, thus re-uniting the three Stevens estates of Vielstone, Cross and Winscott.

paragraph: Section::::Monument.

paragraph: A mural monument in St Peter's Church, Peters Marland, reset into the wall of 1865 nave, is inscribed as follows:

paragraph: "In memory of Elizabeth the wife of Richard Stevens, Esqr., who died March 14th 1760 aged 53. And of the said Richard Stevens Esqr. who died July 15th 1776 aged 74. Also of their sons and daughters whose names are above inscribed: Christiana Maria Stevens died February 5th 1755 aged 16; Hugh Stevens died March 31st 1755 aged 31; Richard Stevens died December 20th 1762 aged 29; Henry Stevens died August 10th 1764 aged 19"

paragraph: The arms of Stevens shown on a cartouche are: "Per chevron azure and gules, in chief two falcons rising belled or". These are a difference of the arms of the senior line of Stevens of Cross, Little Torrington: "Per chevron argent and gules, in chief two falcons rising proper belled or", as is visible in Little Torrington Church]]

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drummond, Mary M., Biography of Stevens, Richard, of Winscott, published in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1754–1790, Namier, L. & Brooke, J. (eds.), 1964

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Richard Stevens

wikipedia_title: Richard Stevens (MP)


text: Tapeley

text: Westleigh

text: Member of Parliament

text: Barnstaple

text: John I Clevland

text: Secretary to the Admiralty

text: Member of Parliament

text: Sir Caesar Child, 2nd Baronet

text: Admiralty

text: Member of Parliament

text: Barnstaple

text: Frithelstock

text: Richard Stevens

text: Winscott

text: Peters Marland

text: Member of Parliament

text: Callington

text: DL

text: Quarterly

text: Child baronets, of the City of London (1685)

text: inescutcheon of pretence

categories: British MPs 1768–1774,British MPs 1784–1790,British MPs 1790–1796,UK MPs 1801–1802,British MPs 1761–1768,1734 births,British MPs 1796–1800,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,British MPs 1774–1780,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,1817 deaths,British MPs 1780–1784

paragraph: John Clevland (1734–1817)

paragraph: John II Clevland (1734 – June 1817) of Tapeley in the parish of Westleigh, Devon, was seven times Member of Parliament for Barnstaple from 1766 to 1802.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of John I Clevland (1706–1763), Secretary to the Admiralty from 1751 to 1763, and a Member of Parliament from 1741 to 1761. His mother was Elizabeth Child, daughter of Sir Caesar Child, 2nd Baronet (c. 1678–1725).

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: For most his career, Clevland worked in the Admiralty. He was seven times elected a Member of Parliament for Barnstaple from 1766 to 1802.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: In 1782 he married Elizabeth Stevens (1727–1792), widow of Robert Awse of Horwood House, Frithelstock, and only surviving child of

paragraph: Richard Stevens (1702–1776) of Winscott in the parish of Peters Marland, Devon, Member of Parliament for Callington in Cornwall (1761–1768). The marriage was without progeny.

paragraph: Section::::Succession.

paragraph: His heir to Tapeley and his other estates was his great nephew Col. Augustus II Saltren-Willett (1781–1849), JP and DL for Devon, who following his inheritance assumed in 1847 by royal licence the surname and arms of Clevland in lieu of Willett. He was the son of Augustus I Saltren-Willett (1760–1813) (who died at Tapeley in 1813 as his mural monument in Westleigh Church attests), builder of Port Hill House in Northam (visible across the River Torridge from Tapeley) the son of William Saltren (the second son of Thomas Saltren of Stone in the parish of Parkham) by his wife Hester Clevland, the eldest full-blood sister of John II Clevland (1734–1817).

paragraph: Section::::Monument.

paragraph: A mural monument to his wife survives in Peters Marland Church inscribed as follows:

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lauder, Rosemary, Devon Families, Tiverton, 2002, pp. 41–5, Christie of Tapeley Park

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 15th Edition, ed. Pirie-Gordon, H., London, 1937, p. 408, pedigree of Clevland, appended to pedigree of Christie of Tapeley Park and Glyndebourne, pp. 407–8

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry, 1858, Volume 3, pedigree of Clevland of Tapeley

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895

description: British politician

wikidata_label: John Clevland, junior

wikipedia_title: John Clevland (1734–1817)


text:
Bavaria
politician
Minister-President of Bavaria
Munich
Landshut
Upper Bavaria
Prince Regent Luitpold
Georg von Hertling
Brest-Litovsk
Upper Silesia
West Prussia
First World War

categories: 1850 births,Ministers-President of Bavaria,1922 deaths

paragraph: Clemens von Podewils-Dürniz

paragraph: Hans Maria Clemens Franz Konstantin Freiherr (from 1911, Graf) von Podewils-Dürniz (17 January 1850 – 14 March 1922) was a Bavarian politician who served as Minister-President of Bavaria 1903–1912.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: His parents were the Bavarian colonel and Chamberlain Konstantin Freiherr von Podewils (1820-1887) and his wife Philippine von Juncker and Bigatto (1822-1900). The family originated from the Pomeranian noble family Podewils.

paragraph: He studied jurisprudence in Munich and worked from 1872 to 1875 in the legal practice in Munich, Weilheim and Landshut. In 1879/80 he worked at the district council of Miesbach and the regional government of Upper Bavaria.

paragraph: Section::::Bavarian diplomatic posts.

paragraph: In 1881 he was Secretary of Legation at the Bavarian Legation in Berlin, and then in 1887 Counsellor and Envoy Extraordinary, later Minister Plenipotentiary of the Italian court. In 1896-1902 he was an extraordinary ambassador and authorised minister at the Austro-Hungarian court in Vienna.

paragraph: Section::::Bavarian government.

paragraph: In 1902 he was appointed Bavarian Minister of the Interior for Church and School Affairs. On 1 March 1903 he took over the office of the chairman in the Council of Ministers, combined with the posts of Minister of State of the Royal House and Foreign Minister. In his term of office, a democratised Landtag election law (1906) and a reformed municipal suffrage (1908) were passed. He was regarded as the "favorite" of the Prince Regent Luitpold, but was replaced on 9 February 1912 by Georg von Hertling.

paragraph: In 1918, Podewils represented Bavaria during the peace negotiations of Brest-Litovsk, with Russia.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In 1920/21 he worked as a plenipotentiary on the settling of the borders in Upper Silesia and West Prussia after the First World War.

paragraph: He died in Munich on 14 March 1922.

alias: Hans Maria Clemens Franz Konstantin Freiherr von Podewils-Dürniz

description: Bavarian politician

wikidata_label: Clemens von Podewils-Dürniz

wikipedia_title: Clemens von Podewils-Dürniz


text:
Belarusian
Belarusian
Great Purge
1937 mass execution of Belarusians
ГАЛАВАЧ ПЛАТОН РАМАНАВІЧ

categories: Communist Party of Byelorussia politicians,People from Babruysk District,People from Minsk Governorate,1937 deaths,1903 births,People executed by the Soviet Union,Great Purge victims from Belarus,Soviet rehabilitations

paragraph: Platon Halavach

paragraph: Platon Halavach (Belarusian, Платон Раманавіч Галавач; 1903 – October 29, 1937) was a Belarusian writer. During the Great Purge, he became a victim of the 1937 mass execution of Belarusians.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Ліўшыц, У." Платон Галавач: лёс чалавека і пісьменніка// Брама. 2016.Вып.4.— Мн.: С.245-258.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Луфераў М.," Платон Галавач, в кн.: Гiсторыя беларускай савецкай лiтаратуры, т. 1. — Miнск, 1964.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Каленкович И." Творчество Платона Головача: (Жанрово-стилевое своеобразие): Автореферат дис. … канд. филол. н. — Мн., 1979;

paragraph: BULLET::::- ЭГБ, т. 2.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ГАЛАВАЧ ПЛАТОН РАМАНАВІЧ

description: belarusian writer (1903—1937)

wikidata_label: Platon Halavač

wikipedia_title: Platon Halavach


text:
Neoptolemus I of Epirus
Alexander I of Epirus
Philip II
ancient Greek
Macedonia
Alexander the Great
Plutarch
orgia
cult of Dionysus
Neoptolemus I
Molossians
ancient Greek
Epirus
Alexander I
Aeacidae
Epirus
Neoptolemus
Achilles
Plutarch
Moralia
Philip II of Macedon
Olympic Games
Eurydice
Neoptolemus I
Arymbas
Macedonia
Philip II
Molossians
Macedonians
queen consort
Cabeiri
Sanctuary of the Great Gods
Samothrace
Olympic Games
Alexander
ancient Greece
Plutarch
Aristander
Cleopatra
Alexander I of Epirus
Macedonia
Epirus
Cleopatra
Attalus
Epirus
Alexander I
Cleopatra
Pausanias
somatophylakes
Eurydice
Egypt
Zeus
Antipater
Aeacides
Epirote state
southern Italy
Babylon
Roxana
Alexander IV
Philip III
Perdiccas
Nicaea
Diadochi
Polyperchon
Cassander
Roxana
Aeacides
Adea Eurydice
Philip III
Pydna
Abu Qir
Egypt
Thessaloniki
Nereid
Danielle Darrieux
Alexander the Great
Richard Burton
Fredric March
Philip II of Macedon
Maurice Druon
Naomi Mitchison
Edison Marshall
Aubrey Menen
novels
Mary Renault
Fire from Heaven
Funeral Games
trilogy
The Persian Boy
Valerio Massimo Manfredi
Angelina Jolie
Oliver Stone
Alexander
Colin Farrell
Val Kilmer
Philip
Nicholas Nicastro
Steven Pressfield
Judith Tarr
Alkimachos of Pydna
"Olympias"
Plutarch
Parallel Lives
online
Perseus Project

categories: Alexander the Great,People who died under the regency of Cassander,Ancient Epirotes in Macedon,Executed royalty of Macedonia (ancient kingdom),Executed ancient Greek people,316 BC deaths,Ancient Macedonian queens consort,4th-century BC executions,4th-century BC Greek people,Wives of Philip II of Macedon,Women in Hellenistic warfare

paragraph: Olympias

paragraph: Olympias (, , c. 375–316 BC) was a daughter of king Neoptolemus I of Epirus, sister to Alexander I of Epirus, fourth wife of Philip II, the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia, and mother of Alexander the Great. According to the 1st century AD biographer, Plutarch, she was a devout member of the orgiastic snake-worshiping cult of Dionysus, and he suggests that she slept with snakes in her bed.

paragraph: Section::::Origin.

paragraph: Olympias was the daughter of Neoptolemus I, king of the Molossians, an ancient Greek tribe in Epirus, and sister of Alexander I. Her family belonged to the Aeacidae, a well-respected family of Epirus, which claimed descent from Neoptolemus, son of Achilles. Apparently, she was originally named Polyxena, as Plutarch mentions in his work "Moralia", and changed her name to Myrtale prior to her marriage to Philip II of Macedon as part of her initiation into an unknown mystery cult.

paragraph: The name "Olympias" was the third of four names by which she was known. She probably took it as a recognition of Philip's victory in the Olympic Games of 356 BC, the news of which coincided with Alexander's birth (Plut. Alexander 3.8). She was finally named Stratonice, which was probably an epithet attached to Olympias following her victory over Eurydice in 317 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Queen of Macedonia.

paragraph: When Neoptolemus I died in 360 BC, his brother Arymbas succeeded him on the Molossian throne. In 358 BC, Arymbas made a treaty with the new king of Macedonia, Philip II, and the Molossians became allies of the Macedonians. The alliance was cemented with a diplomatic marriage between Arymbas' niece, Olympias, and Philip in 357 BC. It made Olympias the queen consort of Macedonia, and Philip the king. Philip had allegedly fallen in love with Olympias when both were initiated into the mysteries of Cabeiri at the Sanctuary of the Great Gods, on the island of Samothrace, though their marriage was largely political in nature.

paragraph: One year later, in 356 BC, Philip's race horse won in the Olympic Games; for this victory, his wife, who was known then as Myrtale, received the name "Olympias". In the summer of the same year, Olympias gave birth to her first child, Alexander. In ancient Greece people believed that the birth of a great man was accompanied by portents. As Plutarch describes, the night before the consummation of their marriage, Olympias dreamed that a thunderbolt fell upon her womb and a great fire was kindled, its flames dispersed all about and then were extinguished. After the marriage Philip dreamed that he put a seal upon his wife's womb, the device of which was the figure of a lion. Aristander's interpretation was that Olympias was pregnant of a son whose nature would be bold and lion-like. Philip and Olympias also had a daughter, Cleopatra, who later married her uncle, Alexander I of Epirus, to further diplomatic ties between Macedonia and Epirus.

paragraph: According to primary sources their marriage was very stormy due to Philip's volatility and Olympias' ambition and alleged jealousy, which led to their growing estrangement. Things got more tumultuous in 337 BC when Philip married a noble Macedonian woman, Cleopatra, the niece of Attalus, who was given the name Eurydice by Philip. At a gathering after the marriage, Philip failed to defend Alexander's claim to the Macedonian throne when Attalus threatened his legitimacy, causing great tensions between Philip, Olympias and Alexander. Olympias went into voluntary exile in Epirus along with Alexander, staying at the Molossian court of her brother Alexander I, who was the king at the time.

paragraph: In 336 BC, Philip cemented his ties to Alexander I of Epirus by offering him the hand of his and Olympias' daughter Cleopatra in marriage, a fact that led Olympias to further isolation as she could no longer count on her brother's support. However, Philip was murdered by Pausanias, a member of Philip's "somatophylakes", his personal bodyguard, while attending the wedding, and Olympias, who returned to Macedonia, was suspected of having countenanced his assassination.

paragraph: Section::::Alexander's reign and the Wars of the Diadochi.

paragraph: After the death of Philip II, Olympias allegedly ordered the execution of Eurydice and her child in order to secure Alexander's position as king of Macedonia. During Alexander's campaigns, she regularly corresponded with him and may have confirmed her son's claim in Egypt that his father was not Philip but Zeus. The relationship between Olympias and Alexander was cordial, but her son tried to keep her away from politics. However, she wielded great influence in Macedonia and caused troubles to Antipater, the regent of the kingdom. In 330 BC, she returned to Epirus and served as a regent to her cousin Aeacides in the Epirote state, as her brother Alexander I had died during a campaign in southern Italy.

paragraph: After Alexander the Great's death in Babylon in 323 BC, his wife Roxana bore him a posthumous son named Alexander IV. Alexander IV and with his uncle Philip III Arrhidaeus, the half brother of Alexander the Great who may have been disabled, were subject to the regency of Perdiccas, who tried to strengthen his position through a marriage with Antipater's daughter Nicaea. At the same time, Olympias offered Perdiccas the hand of her and Philip's daughter, Cleopatra. Perdiccas chose Cleopatra, which angered Antipater, who allied himself with several other Diadochi, deposed Perdiccas, and was declared regent, only to die within the year.

paragraph: Polyperchon succeeded Antipater in 319 BC as regent, but Antipater's son Cassander established Philip II’s son Philip III (Arrhidaeus) as king and forced Polyperchon out of Macedonia. He fled to Epirus, taking Roxana and her son Alexander IV with him, who had previously been left in the care of Olympias. At the beginning, Olympias had not been involved in this conflict, but she soon realized that in the case of Cassander's rule, her grandson would lose the crown, so she allied with Polyperchon in 317 BC. The Macedonian soldiers supported her return and the united armies of Polyperchon and Olympias, with the house of Aeacides, invaded Macedonia to drive Cassander out from power.

paragraph: After winning in battle by convincing the army of Adea Eurydice, the wife of Philip III, to side with her own, Olympias captured and executed the two in October 317 BC. She also captured Cassander's brother and a hundred of his partisans. Cassander soon blockaded and besieged Olympias in Pydna and one of the terms of the capitulation had been that Olympias's life would be saved, but Cassander had decided to execute her, sparing only temporarily the lives of Roxana and Alexander IV (they were executed a few years later in 309 BC). When the fortress of Pydna fell, Cassander ordered Olympias killed, but the soldiers refused to harm the mother of Alexander the Great. In the end, the families of her many victims stoned her to death with the approval of Cassander, who is also said to have denied to her body the rights of burial.

paragraph: Section::::Iconography.

paragraph: A medal bearing the name "Olympias" was found in 1902 at Abu Qir, Egypt that dates back to AD 225-250, and belongs to the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki. The reverse shows a Nereid mounted on a fantastic sea creature. It had been suggested that the Olympias depicted on the medal was Queen Olympias, but this theory has been challenged. The name ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑΔΟΣ is thought to refer to the Olympiads instead.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias was portrayed by French actress Danielle Darrieux in the 1956 film "Alexander the Great", a literate historical epic which starred Richard Burton as Alexander and Fredric March as his father, Philip II of Macedon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias appears in Maurice Druon's 1960 novel "Alexander the God"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias is a character in "The Young Alexander the Great" (1960) by Naomi Mitchison

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias appears in "The Conqueror" (1962) by Edison Marshall

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias is a character in Aubrey Menen's "A Conspiracy of Women" (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias is a major character in two of the three novels of Mary Renault's acclaimed Alexander Trilogy, "Fire from Heaven" (1969) and "Funeral Games" (1981). Olympias is frequently referenced in the second novel of the trilogy, "The Persian Boy" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias is the subject of Michael A. Dimitri's 1993 novel "The Daughter of Neoptolemus"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias is a character in Valerio Massimo Manfredi's 2001 novel, "Alexander: Child of a Dream"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angelina Jolie starred as Olympias in Oliver Stone's 2004 film "Alexander", which co-starred Colin Farrell as Alexander and Val Kilmer as Philip

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias appears in "Empire of Ashes: A Novel of Alexander the Great" (2004) by Nicholas Nicastro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias is a character in "The Virtues of War: A Novel of Alexander the Great" (2005), by Steven Pressfield, told in the first person by Alexander

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias is the subject of Judith Tarr's 2008 novel, "Bring Down the Sun (Alexander the Great #2)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympias appears in the novel "Alexander: God of War" (2013) by Christian Cameron

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alkimachos of Pydna

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Olympias", reconstruction of Greek trireme.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Primary sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plutarch, "Alexander", "Parallel Lives", online at Perseus Project.

paragraph: Secondary sources

description: Wife of Philip II of Macedon

wikidata_label: Olympias

wikipedia_title: Olympias


text:
National Football League
Canadian Football League
San Francisco 49ers
BC Lions
Calgary Stampeders
San Francisco State University

categories: Calgary Stampeders players,San Francisco 49ers players,1931 births,Sportspeople from Berkeley, California,American football quarterbacks,Canadian football quarterbacks,San Francisco State Gators football players,BC Lions players,American players of Canadian football

paragraph: Maury Duncan

paragraph: Maurice Perry Duncan (born July 18, 1931) is a former quarterback for the National Football League and Canadian Football League. He played for the San Francisco 49ers from 1954-1955, the BC Lions from 1956-1957, and the Calgary Stampeders in 1958.

paragraph: Duncan played football at San Francisco State University.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Maury Duncan

wikipedia_title: Maury Duncan


text: Arabic

text: sage

text: Arabic

text: Surah Luqman

text: surah

text: Quran

text: Nubian

text: South Arabian

text: Persian

text: Arabic

text: Turkish literature

text: tafsir

text: prophet

text: Bahá'í

text: holy writings

text: polytheism

text: Tafsir al-Tabari

text: Mecca

text: tafsir

text: Ibn Kathir

text: Nubia

text: ʿĀd

text: Al-Ahqaf

text: Yemen

text: Aesop

text: Ibn Ishaq

text: Barham, Francis Foster

text: Surah Luqmaan

categories: People of the Quran,Bahá'í Faith,Islamic mythology

paragraph: Luqman

paragraph: Luqmān (Arabic: لقمان; also known as Luqman the Wise, Luqmaan, Lukman, and Luqman al-Hakeem; ) was a wise man or "sage" (Arabic: صَالِحًا حَكِيمًا "ṣāliḥan ḥakīman"; lit. "righteous and wise") for whom Surah Luqman (), the thirty-first surah (chapter) of the Quran, was named.

paragraph: While the Quran does not state many personal details about Luqman's life, including when or where Luqman lived in, later Islamic traditions have elaborated upon his story. Some tales portray him as a man of Nubian descent, while others state that he was of South Arabian origin.

paragraph: There are many stories about Luqman in Persian, Arabic and Turkish literature, and various tafsir collections comment upon these stories.

paragraph: The Quran does not state whether or not Luqman was a prophet, and Islamic scholars have differing views of the matter. The Bahá'í holy writings also make reference to Luqman.

paragraph: Section::::In the Quran.

paragraph: The Quranic account of Luqman's life involves him offering his son religious and moral advice and contra. He urges his son to avoid polytheism and worship Allah alone. He also instructs his son to be modest in attitude and to avoid arrogance. While the text states that Allah gave Luqman "wisdom", it does not explicitly state that he is a prophet.

paragraph: Section::::In Islamic tradition.

paragraph: In Tafsir al-Tabari, Luqman is said to have prayed in Mecca, whereupon they were told to choose something forthemselves, except immortality. Luqman wished life, but since he could not wish for immortality, he choose to live as long as seven eagles live. When the eagle died, Luqman died with him.

paragraph: The tafsir written by the scholar Ibn Kathir places Luqman in Nubia or Ethiopia and portrays him as a carpenter and a slave. He states that while Luqman was a "righteous servant" of God, he was not a prophet. One tale recounted in Ibn Kathir's writings involves Luqman's master ordering him to slaughter a sheep and to bring its worst parts to him. Luqman slaughtered the sheep and took its heart and tongue to his master. The master was confused upon receiving them, but Luqman stated that "There is nothing better than these if they are good, and there is nothing worse than these if they are bad", demonstrating his perception and wisdom.

paragraph: Other Islamic traditions portray Luqman as an Arab poet and wise man from the people of ʿĀd who lived in Al-Ahqaf, near modern-day Yemen. A large number of stories demonstrating Luqman's sharp mind have made their way into Islamic tradition, including his attempts to gain a woman's love. Over time, a large number of proverbs have been attributed to him, rendering him a sort of Arabic Aesop figure. One saying attributed to Luqman has him crediting his success in life to "truthful speech, fulfilling the trust, and leaving what does not concern me."

paragraph: A number of scholars speculate that he was a mythical figure known in pre-Islamic times, though there has been much debate about the relationship of the pre-Islamic and Islamic Luqmans. Some maintain that the two are the same person; others that they simply share the same name. Both Ibn Kathir and the Islamic historian Ibn Ishaq allude to a pre-Islamic "Book of Luqman", or "roll of Luqman", containing his wisdom, though no such work has survived, and it is unclear if the reports of its existence are true.

paragraph: Section::::In Bahá'í.

paragraph: In the Bahá'í writings, Luqman presents the following analogy to his son to explain the inevitability of the afterlife: "O Son, if thou art able not to sleep, then thou art able not to die. And if thou art able not to waken after sleep, then thou shalt be able not to rise after death.”

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barham, Francis Foster "Lokman's Arabic Fables", literally translated into English (word for word), Bath, 1869, 12mo.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Surah Luqmaan (Complete text in Arabic with English and French translations)

paragraph: BULLET::::- FABULAS DE LUQMAN POR M. CHARBONNEAU. PARIS . HACHETTE, 1846

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fables de Loqman le Sage; le texte rev. de nouveau sur les mss., accompagné d'une version française et des notes, et précédé d'une introduction sur la personne de Loqman et sur l'origine de ce recueil de fables (1850)

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Epistle to the Son of the Wolf

paragraph: BULLET::::-  The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys

alias:
Luqman The Wise
Luqmaan
Lukman
Luqman al-Hakeem

description: Islamic figure

wikidata_label: Luqman

wikipedia_title: Luqman


href: dynast Lycia Xanthos Anatolia Achaemenid%20Empire classical%20antiquity Xanthian%20Obelisk Kheriga Kheriga Carian Mausolus satrap

text:
dynast
Lycia
Xanthos
Anatolia
Persian, or Achaemenid, Empire
classical antiquity
Xanthian Obelisk
Kheriga
Kheriga
Carian
Mausolus
satrap

categories: 4th-century BC rulers,Lycians,5th-century BC rulers

paragraph: Kherei

paragraph: Kherei (circa 433-410 BC, or circa 410-390 BC) was dynast of Lycia, ruler of the area of Xanthos, at a time when this part of Anatolia was subject to the Persian, or Achaemenid, Empire.

paragraph: Present-day knowledge of Lycia in the period of classical antiquity comes mostly from archaeology, in which this region is unusually rich. He may have been the dynast to whom was dedicated the Xanthian Obelisk, where he is mentioned in multiple places, although this could more probably be his predecessor Kheriga ("Xeriga", Gergis in Greek). Kherei may have been Kheriga's brother, and succeeded him.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: Kherei was among last the Lycian rulers to issue coinage. After 360 BC, the region of Lycia was taken over by the Carian dynast Mausolus.

paragraph: The portrait on the coins of Kherei show the dynast wearing the Achaemenid satrapal headdress.

description: dynast of Lycia, ruler of the area of Xanthos  (c. 433-410 BC, or circa 410-390 BC)

wikidata_label: Kherei

wikipedia_title: Kherei


text:
French
contemporary artist
Tours
Bourges
Daniel Dezeuze
United States
France
Candes-Saint-Martin
Touraine
L'Humanité
Marine Le Pen
New York
East Village
Pierre Restany
John Armleder
Olivier Mosset
Jean Dupuy
Daniel Spoerri
Ken Friedmann
Ben Vautier
Jeff Koons
Andy Warhol
François Morellet
Miami
Sarasota
Los Angeles
Williamsburg
Larry Miller
Carolee Schneemann
Alison Knowles
Nicola L
Bourges
performance art
painting
Brian Johnson
Centre Georges Pompidou
monochromes
Fluxus
neo-Dadaist
Centre Georges Pompidou
Anti-art
Fluxus

categories: 1955 births,Fluxus,French contemporary artists,French male painters,French mixed-media artists,20th-century French painters,Living people

paragraph: Jacques Halbert

paragraph: Jacques Halbert, born in 1955 in Bourgueil, is a French contemporary artist.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He attended the "Brassart School" in Tours (1972-1973) then studied at the "École nationale supérieure d'Arts" in Bourges from 1973 to 1978 with Daniel Dezeuze and Jean-Claude Silbermann as teachers. Between 1978 and 2002 he lives and works in the United States and returns to settle in France in 2002. Since 2002, he lives and works in Candes-Saint-Martin in Touraine.

paragraph: In 2015, he is one of the signatories of the tribune in L'Humanité, "Response of the 1001 artists to Marine Le Pen", during the regional elections.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Art Café New York.

paragraph: From 1985 to 1989 Jacques Halbert is the owner, with Mireille Brame of the Art Café in New York in the East Village. He has organized numerous exhibitions curated by Alan Jones, Dorothée Selz and Pierre Restany with artists such as: John Armleder, Olivier Mosset, Charles Dreyfus, Dorothée Selz, Jean Dupuy, Daniel Spoerri, Ken Friedmann, Ben Vautier, Jeff Koons, Andy Warhol , Phoebe Legere, Christian Xatrec or François Morellet. In 1989, Jacques Halbert closed the restaurant and moved to work in Miami and Sarasota then to Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Magnifik Gallery.

paragraph: In 1999, Jacques Halbert returns to New York and opens the Magnifik Gallery in Williamsburg (New York) with artists: Olga Adorno, Larry Miller, John Armleder, Olivier Mosset, Jean Dupuy, Ben Paterson, Ken Friedmann, Jack Pospisil, Geoff Hendricks, Carolee Schneemann, Joel Hubaut, Ben Vautier, Brendan Klinger, Christian Xatrec, Alison Knowles, Phoebe Legere, Nicola L.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Two main guidelines are outlined in the work of Jacques Halbert since his years of studies at the Beaux-Arts in Bourges, performance art and painting.

paragraph: A notable collector of Halbert's work is Brian Johnson.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Performance art.

paragraph: In 1976, during the construction of the "Centre Georges Pompidou", he creates a Centre Pompidou-Cake, which he cuts and shares, on the forecourt of the museum, with his artist friends and passers-by unofficially invited to this performance. The same year at the invitation of Henri Jobbé-Duval (director of the FIAC), he transforms a scooter into Gallery Cerise, a traveling sculpture with which he rides the aisles of the FIAC in 1976 and 1977. He travels with the streets of Paris and parks in front of the art galleries during vernissages, selling passers-by and art lovers cherry tarts and monochromes covered with painted cherries. Jacques Halbert defines himself this Fluxus and neo-Dadaist and often parodic posture of the figure of the artist as "a manifesto of good taste".

paragraph: In 2003, back in France, he exhibits at the Creux de l'enfer-Contemporary art center the "Wall of laughter" that records the laughter of his friends and fellow artists, with whom he worked during his American years.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Painting.

paragraph: His Paintings are almost exclusively and invariably made by painting one or multiple cherries on a monochrome canvas.

paragraph: Section::::Permanent collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centre National des Arts Plastiques (CNAP), Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fonds Régional d'Art Contemporain Auvergne (FRAC), Clermont Ferrand.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emily Harvey Foundation Collection, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions (Selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 : "Palissade", Bourges

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 : La Maison Rouge, Paris / Galeries Modernes, Paris / Galerie Ben Doute de Tout, Nice / Galerie Plein Ciel, Paris / Galerie des Ursulines, Mâcon / FIAC, « Cerise Galerie », Grand Palais, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 : "Exposition cerisiste" Péristyle du Théâtre de Saumur / Dritte Galerie, Zofingen, Swistzerland / FIAC, Foire Internationale d'Art Contemporain, « Galerie Cerise», Grand-Palais, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 : WASHART'78, (Galerie Levy, Milan) Washington / Galerie Alain Oudin, Paris / Hamburg Gallery, Hamburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 : WASHART'79, International Art Fair, (Bellini France), Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 : Sutton Gallery, New York / Grommet Studio, New York / Washington Art Fair, (Peter Lenart) Washington / Grommet Gallery, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 : Gracie Mansion Gallery, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 : Emily Harvey Gallery, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 : "Hommage to Francis Picabia", Art Café, East Village, New York. / "L'Eusses-tu cuit ?", Galerie Oulan Bator, Orléans

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 : "Projects for paintings" Emily Harvey Gallery, New York. / "Projets pour des peintures", Galerie des Serbes, Cannes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 : "Perishables", The Penson Gallery, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 : Joan Hodgell Gallery, Sarasota, Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 : "Banana Dreams", Miramar Gallery, Sarasota, Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 : "Hommage, Fromage et danse de Saint-Guy", Galerie des Beaux-Arts, Nantes / "Floridada", Emphasis Gallery, Sarasota, Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 : "Fruit in color" Metro-Dade Cultural Center, Miami, Florida / Jane Stein Gallery, Tampa, Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 : "Vintage dreams" The Merles Closet, Miami Beach, Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 : Power Studio, Miami. Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 : "Funny Laundry", Lunaria, Los Angeles, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 : Splash, Redondo Beach, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 : "Tickly Paintings" Cava, Los Angeles, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 : MagnifiK Gallery, Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 : "Le mur du rire" Le Creux de l'Enfer, Centre d'Art Contemporain, Thiers, (FRA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 : "Peinture au marteau", Le Lieu Unique, Nantes

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 : "Rétrospective Jacques Halbert", CCC, Tours

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 : "Bleu Cerise", Galerie contemporaine de l'Hôtel de ville de Chinon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 : "Mind the Wall", Librairie Saint-Hubert, Brussels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 : "Bleu Cerise", Galerie Benoit Lecarpentier, Paris / "Dix Nez", Abbaye de Fontevraud / "Jacques Halbert", Galerie ARTSZ, Monaco / "Cherry Invitational", Galerie les Contemporains + - 0, Brussels

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 : Acquisition FNAC

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 : "A Symposium Celebrating Contemporary French Art", The Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum, Miami, Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 : "Les noces de Bigarreau" et "Du vent dans les voiles", LAC, Ile de la Réunion / "Came à yeux", L'appart, Poitiers / "Le pâtissier pâtissé", performance au Confort Moderne, Poitiers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 : "Le paradis perdure", Chapelle de Geneteil, Château-Gontier / "Cerises sur le Château", Château de Candes-Saint-Martin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 : "Jacques Halbert/Repeat", galerie Nadja Vilenne, Liège

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 : "Le dîner de la Vérité", Fondation du Doute, Blois / "Daniel Spoerri - Eat Art", Chinon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 : "Hommage au Facteur Cheval", Hauterives / "Le rire", Musée rabelais, la devinière, Seuilly

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 : "A dada sur mon Banquet", dans les Caves Painctes de Chinon (organisateurs : musée le Carroi, CCCVL, association Chinons, ville de Chinon et le syndicat des vins de Chinon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 : "HTFAM (How To Fuck A Monochrome)", galerie Ici, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 : "Centre Combi-Douche", galerie du Dôme, Saumur / "HTFAM (How To Fuck A Monochrome)", galerie Nadja Vilenne, Liège, Belgium

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- /ref

paragraph: BULLET::::- /ref

paragraph: BULLET::::- /ref

paragraph: BULLET::::- /ref

paragraph: BULLET::::- /ref

paragraph: BULLET::::- /ref

paragraph: Section::::Internal link.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anti-art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fluxus

description: French artist

wikidata_label: Jacques Halbert

wikipedia_title: Jacques Halbert


text:
Metz
Second World War
internal medicine
Catholic nuns
oxysteroids
Hematology
Jean Dausset
histocompatibility
bone marrow
organ transplantation
Lingolsheim

categories: 2006 deaths,1920 births,French hematologists

paragraph: Simone Mayer

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Simone Mayer was born in Metz, Moselle.

paragraph: Simone and her father were saved from deportation during the Second World War. Father Antoine Girardin, a priest, hid her and her father from the authorities in his presbytery. They were not allowed to leave their room for any reason, nor make noise that could give them away.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After the war, Mayer practiced medicine at "Medical Clinic A" at the Strasbourg Hospital, which was devoted to internal medicine. A photo from 1946 shows she was part of a small female complement at Clinic A (composed mostly of males and Catholic nuns).

paragraph: Her doctoral thesis was presented to the Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg in 1951, describing oxysteroids.

paragraph: She served as chair of the Hematology Department at the Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, where she was a student of Robert Waitz. Along with Nobel Prize winner Jean Dausset, she helped establish a histocompatibility laboratory at the CRTS Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine ("Regional Center for Blood Transfusion"), which led to the development of bone marrow and organ transplantation at University of Strasbourg Hospitals. She was named director of the CRTS Strasbourg in 1976. From 1978 to 1986, Mayer relocated the Plasma Fractionation Center to Lingolsheim.

paragraph: Section::::Partial Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert, Anne ; Bellocq, Jean-Pierre ; Bergerat, Jean-Pierre ; Falkenrodt, Annie ; Lang, Jean-Marie ; Levy, Salomon ; Mayer, Simone ; Ruch, Jean-Victor ; Tongio, Marie-Marthe ; Francoise Uettwiller, et al. « Membrane markers, karyotypic abnormalities, ultrastructure and functional properties of lymphocytes in a case of ‘D-cell’ chronic lymphatic leukemia » "Leukemia Research" 1984;8(2):223-237

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aleksijevic, Alexandre ; Falkenrodt, Annie ; Lang, Jean-Marie ; Mayer, Simone ; Oberling, Francis. « Immunomodulation with diethyldithiocarbamate in patients with aids-related complex » "Lancet" 1985;326(8463):1066

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aleksijevic, Alexandre ; Cremel, Gérard ; Falkenrodt, Annie ; Giron, Cathy ; Hubert, Pierre ; Lang, Jean-Marie ; Mayer, Simone ; Mutet, Christine ; Oberling, Francis ; Waksman, Albert. « Decreased membrane “fluidity” of T lymphocytes from untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease » "Leukemia Research" 1986;10(12):1477-84

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cazenave, Jean-Pierre ; Fabre, Michel ; Garaud, Jean-Claude ; Hanau, Daniel ; Mayer, Simone ; Pauly, Gilles ; Schmitt, Didier A. ; Tongio, Marie-Marthe. « Human Epidermal Langerhans Cells Cointernalize by Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis "Nonclassical" Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Molecules (T6 Antigens) and Class II Molecules (HLA-DR Antigens) » "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" 1987;84(9):2901–5.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gex, Madeleine ; Mayer, Georges et Mayer Simone, "Transfusion sanguine". Paris : Librairie Maloine, 1958

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hauptmann, Georges ; Mayer, Georges ; Mayer, Simone et Waitz, Robert, "Hématologie : D.C.E.M. 1". Cours polycopiés. Strasbourg : Amicale des étudiants en médecine, 1974

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Frenche hematologist

wikidata_label: Simone Mayer

wikipedia_title: Simone Mayer


href: Georgians Preservationist Tbilisi Tbilisi Poti

text:
Georgian
historic preservationist
Tbilisi
Tbilisi
Poti

categories: 1995 deaths,People from Tbilisi,1926 births,20th-century architects from Georgia (country)

paragraph: Shota Kavlashvili

paragraph: Shota Kavlashvili (Georgian: შოთა კავლაშვილი) (1926-1995) was a Georgian architect and historic preservationist, best known for his work in Tbilisi during the postwar Soviet period.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Kavlashvili was among the most prolific Georgian architects of the Soviet period. His works include some of the most inventive civic architecture in the capital city of Tbilisi, including the Laguna Vera swimming complex and the Central Bus Station. Kavlashvili also served as Chief Architect of Tbilisi (1970-1974; 1980-1990), overseeing the preservation of Old Tbilisi and the creation of the country's first urban historic district in 1975. In 1994, he was appointed Vice-Mayor and Chief Architect of Poti. In recognition of his efforts, the city renamed a street in Old Tbilisi after Kavlashvili, and his statue (by sculptor Tengiz Kikalishvili) was added outside the old city gates on Baratashvili Street in 1999. He is buried at the Didube Pantheon of Writers and Public Figures in Tbilisi.

paragraph: Section::::Major works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Griboyedov Square apartments and wedding house (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baratashvili Bridge (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laguna Vera (1965-1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ramishvili Street apartments (1970-1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Central Bus Station (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gruz-Film Studio City (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ministry of Internal Affairs Headquarters (late 1970s)

paragraph: BULLET::::- District Soviet of Peoples Deputies (1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baratashvili Wall restoration project (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tbilisi Museum of Archaeology (1988-"unfinished")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sheraton Metekhi Palace Hotel (1989-1991)

wikidata_label: Shota Kavlashvili

wikipedia_title: Shota Kavlashvili


text:
professional golfer
LPGA Tour
Enid, Oklahoma
Thai
Thailand
Oklahoma
University of Tulsa
All-American
Edith Cummings Munson Golf Award
Nancy Lopez
Futures Tour
Franklin American Mortgage Championship
Solheim Cup
2007
Lexus Cup
2006
2007

wikipedia_title:
Professional golfer
LPGA
Enid, Oklahoma
Thai people
Thailand
Oklahoma
University of Tulsa
All-America
Edith Cummings Munson Golf Award
Nancy Lopez
Symetra Tour
Franklin American Mortgage Championship
Solheim Cup
2007 Solheim Cup
Lexus Cup
2006 Lexus Cup
2007 Lexus Cup

categories: Sportspeople from Enid, Oklahoma,American women of Thai descent,Tulsa Golden Hurricane women's golfers,LPGA Tour golfers,American sportspeople of Thai descent,American female golfers,1979 births,Solheim Cup competitors for the United States,Sportspeople from Tulsa, Oklahoma,Golfers from Oklahoma

paragraph: Stacy Prammanasudh

paragraph: Stacy Prammanasudh (born September 23, 1979) is a retired American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour from 2004 to 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Amateur career.

paragraph: Prammanasudh was born in Enid, Oklahoma, to an American mother and a native Thai father who immigrated to the United States from Thailand. She was raised in Oklahoma, and attended the University of Tulsa where she won the Stanford Pepsi Intercollegiate from 1999 to 2001 and was a three-year Academic All-American, from 2000 through 2002. Prammanasudh was also a First-Team All-American from 1999 through 2002. She was the recipient of the Edith Cummings Munson Golf Award in 2001, which is given to one of the top female collegiate golfers who excels in academics. She finished her senior season ranked second in the nation and won 10 collegiate events throughout her college career. This is the second-most in the school's history, behind only Nancy Lopez's 11 titles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: After graduating from college in June 2002, Prammanasudh joined the Futures Tour. In the fall of 2002, she competed in the LPGA Qualifying School, finishing tied for 24th, which earned her non-exempt status on the LPGA Tour for 2003. Competing on both the Futures Tour and LPGA Tour in 2003, Prammanasudh won two Futures events and finished in the top-10 in nine other events. She won the Futures Tour Player of the Year award, which earned her fully exempt status on the LPGA for 2004.

paragraph: Her first win on the LPGA Tour came in 2005 at the Franklin American Mortgage Championship.

paragraph: Until 2007, Prammanasudh's father, Pravat "Lou" Prammanasudh, a native of Thailand, served as her caddie. He retired in 2007 and her husband Pete Upton caddied for her until her retirement in 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins (4).

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins (4).:Futures Tour (2).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 (2) Frye Chevrolet Classic, Lincoln Financial Futures Golf Classic

paragraph: Section::::Results in LPGA majors.

paragraph: ^ The Evian Championship was added as a major in 2013.br

paragraph: DNP = did not playbr

paragraph: CUT = missed the half-way cutbr

paragraph: WD = withdrewbr

paragraph: "T" = tiedbr

paragraph: Yellow background for a top-10 finish.

paragraph: Section::::Results in LPGA majors.:Summary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive cuts made – 5 (2009 LPGA – 2010 LPGA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (twice)

paragraph: Section::::Team appearances.

paragraph: Professional

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solheim Cup (representing the United States): 2007 (winners)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lexus Cup (representing International team): 2006, 2007

description: professional golfer

wikidata_label: Stacy Prammanasudh

wikipedia_title: Stacy Prammanasudh


text: Scottish

text: prelate

text: Bishop of Moray

text: Bishop of Aberdeen

text: cathedral

text: James I of Scotland

text: England

text: France

text: Italy

text: diocese of Brechin

text: Angus

text: University of Orléans

text: University of St Andrews

text: licentiate

text: civil law

text: canon law

text: bachelorate

text: doctorate

text: vicar

text: Markinch

text: Fife

text: St Andrews Cathedral Priory

text: canon

text: diocese of Moray

text: Archdeacon of Aberdeen

text: John de Innes

text: Elgin Cathedral

text: Bishop of Moray

text: Continental Europe

text: Valencia

text: Pope Benedict XIII

text: Isabella, Countess of Mar

text: Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany

text: Gilbert de Greenlaw

text: Bishop of Aberdeen

text: diocese of Aberdeen

text: Pope Martin V

text: Robert de Cardeny

text: Bishop of Dunkeld

text: William Stephen

text: Bishop of Dunblane

text: Papal see

text: Kinkell

text: Knights Hospitaller

text: Hector Boece

text: belltower

text: St John the Evangelist

text: James I of Scotland

text: Bishop of Ross

text: John Lesley

text: Henry VI of England

text: Pope Martin V

text: Rome

text: Charles VII of France

text: Franco-Scottish alliance

text: Council of Basel

text: Martinmas

text: papal dispensation

text: accessed 23 Feb 2007

text: Dowden, John

text: Innes, Cosmo

text: Watt, D.E.R.

categories: 14th-century births,Scottish diplomats,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1440 deaths,People from Angus,Bishops of Aberdeen,University of Orléans alumni,Bishops of Moray,Alumni of the University of St Andrews

paragraph: Henry de Lichton

paragraph: Henry de Lichton [de Lychtone, Leighton] (died 1440) was a medieval Scottish prelate and diplomat, who, serving as Bishop of Moray (1414–1422) and Bishop of Aberdeen (1422–1440), became a significant patron of the church, a cathedral builder, and a writer. He also served King James I of Scotland as a diplomat in England, France, and Italy.

paragraph: Section::::Early church career.

paragraph: Lichton was born in the diocese of Brechin (probably Angus) somewhere between 1369 and 1379 to Henry and Janet Lichton. He was well-educated for his time, attending the University of Orléans and possibly the University of St Andrews, earning licentiates in civil law and canon law, a bachelorate in canon law, and a doctorate in canon law, all achieved between 1394 and 1415; he attained an additional doctorate—in civil law—by 1436. Lichton followed an ecclesiastical career simultaneously with his studies. The first notice of this career comes in 1392, when he was vicar of Markinch in Fife, a vicariate of St Andrews Cathedral Priory. He was a canon of the diocese of Moray by 1394, and Archdeacon of Aberdeen by 1395, holding this position into the following year, 1396.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Moray.

paragraph: After the death of Bishop John de Innes in 1414, the chapter of Elgin Cathedral met to elect a new bishop, and on 18 May Lichton was elected Bishop of Moray.

paragraph: Lichton travelled to Continental Europe to receive consecration, and was consecrated on 8 March 1415, at Valencia by Pope Benedict XIII.

paragraph: Lichton enjoyed an amicable relationship with the most powerful magnate in the area, Alexander Stewart, Lord of Badenoch and Earl of Mar, as Lichton appears to have suffered no harassment, attended the latter's marriage to Isabella, Countess of Mar back in 1404 and procured for him an annulment of that marriage when Stewart chose to remarry in 1415. Lichton was probably a kinsman of Stewart, as he is described as a kinsman of Stewart's uncle, Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, the man who ruled Scotland as governor until his death in 1420.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Aberdeen.

paragraph: After the death of Gilbert de Greenlaw, Bishop of Aberdeen, in 1421, Lichton was chosen as his successor, and was translated to the diocese of Aberdeen in early April 1422, on the authority of Pope Martin V. Pope Martin delegated authority to Robert de Cardeny, Bishop of Dunkeld, and William Stephen, Bishop of Dunblane, in order to take Lichton's oath to the Papal see without forcing him to travel to Rome. It is of note that Lichton had already been in possession of the prebend of Kinkell in the Aberdeen diocese, a former possession of the Knights Hospitaller but attached to Aberdeen Cathedral by Lichton's time.

paragraph: As Bishop of Aberdeen, Lichton was one of its greatest builders. The "Aberdeen Registrum" noted that he began to rebuild the cathedral, and Hector Boece gave a description of his rebuilding, noting that although he finished the walls and two belltowers, the third belltower remained unfinished at his death. Licthon also constructed a new chapel dedicated to St John the Evangelist, and donated much of his own money to new service books and vestments, as well as to the reconstruction of the cathedral. He also authored several legal and religious texts, though none have survived.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomatic career.

paragraph: Henry was frequently used as an ambassador by the king, James I of Scotland. According to the 16th century Bishop of Ross and historian John Lesley, Henry was one of the men sent to England to arrange the ransom of King James - held in England for most of his youth, not being released until 1424. On 9 June 1425, he and other prelates received a safe-conduct from King Henry VI of England enabling them to travel through England on their way to visit Pope Martin V at Rome. In 1428, Henry was the leader of an embassy sent to King Charles VII of France for a marriage proposal and to renew the Franco-Scottish alliance, and in January 1430, was sent into England for discussion of various grievances. On 31 March 1434, Lichton is found in attendance at the Council of Basel, though no more details of his activities there have survived.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Lichton's death cannot be precisely dated. It fell between 11 November (Martinmas) 1440, and 11 January 1441; it is probable that he died on either 12 or 14 December, because these were the anniversaries given to him in the 15th century and the 16th century respectively. He was buried in his new chapel, the one dedicated to St John the Evangelist. As a churchman, Lichton could never marry and did not; he did however father a bastard, a daughter named Janet, who appeared in the records receiving papal dispensation to marry in 1432.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Michael, "James I", (East Linton, 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cowan, Ian B., "The Parishes of Medieval Scotland", Scottish Record Society, Vol. 93, (Edinburgh, 1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ditchburn, David, "Lichton, Henry (1369x79–1440)", in the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 23 Feb 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dowden, John, "The Bishops of Scotland", ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Innes, Cosmo, "Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis: Ecclesie Cathedralis Aberdonensis Regesta Que Extant in Unum Collecta", Vol. 1, (Edinburgh, 1845)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keith, Robert, "An Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops: Down to the Year 1688", (London, 1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, D.E.R., "Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638", 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)

description: Medieval Scottish prelate and diplomat

wikidata_label: Henry de Lichton

wikipedia_title: Henry de Lichton


text:
anatomy
Le Bleymard
Montpellier
embryology
University of Paris
Collège Henri Rouvière
Musée d'Anatomie Delmas-Orfila-Rouvière
Paris
lymph nodes
lymphatic system
Marie Sappey
Lisbon, Portugal
retropharyngeal lymph nodes
skull
Carcinoma Nasopharynx

categories: 1952 deaths,People from Lozère,1876 births,French anatomists,University of Paris faculty

paragraph: Henri Rouvière

paragraph: Henri Rouvière (23 December 1876 – 26 October 1952) was a professor of anatomy born in Le Bleymard, France.

paragraph: He studied in Montpellier, receiving his medical doctorate in 1903. He later became a professor of anatomy and embryology at the University of Paris. Collège Henri Rouvière in his hometown of Le Bleymard is named in his honour. Many of Rouvière's anatomical works are preserved in the Musée d'Anatomie Delmas-Orfila-Rouvière in Paris.

paragraph: Rouvière is remembered for his 1932 publication of ""Anatomie des Lymphatiques de l'Homme"" (translated into English in 1938 as "Anatomy of the Human Lymphatic System"), an exhaustive study involving the delineation and classification of human lymph nodes and their associated drainage regions. Rouvière's work was a continuation of the seminal research of the lymphatic system done by anatomist Marie Sappey (1810-1896).

paragraph: Other significant writings by Rouvière are ""Anatomie humaine descriptive, topographique et fonctionnelle"", ""Atlas aide-mémoire d'anatomie"" and ""L'anatomie humaine"". ""Anatomie humaine descriptive, topographique et fonctionnelle"" is the adopted textbook in several well known medical schools, such as , in Lisbon, Portugal.

paragraph: The eponymous "node of Rouvière" (sometimes called "Rouvière node") features his name; this node is the most superior of the lateral group of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, and is found at the base of the skull.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carcinoma Nasopharynx (node of Rouvière featured on Slide #6)

description: French anatomist

wikidata_label: Henri Rouvière

wikipedia_title: Henri Rouvière


text:
Brussels
comics
Janry
Spirou et Fantasio
Le Petit Spirou
Luc Warnant
Bruno Gazzotti
Soda
Ralph Meyer
Marc Hardy
Adventures of Tintin
King Ottokar's Sceptre
Corentin
Thierry Groensteen
Dupa
Cubitus
Turk
De Groot
Léonard
Clifton
Franco-Belgian comics
Spirou
Spirou et Fantasio
André Franquin
Nic
Cauvin
Le Petit Spirou
Spirou
Humour Award
Youth Award (9-12 years)
Angoulême International Comics Festival
France
Max & Moritz Prizes
Germany
Tome publications in "Spirou"
Tome albums
Tome biography

categories: People from Brussels,1957 births,Living people,Belgian comics artists

paragraph: Philippe Vandevelde

paragraph: Philippe Vandevelde, working under the pseudonym Tome (born 24 February 1957 in Brussels), is a comics script writer. He is known for collaborations with Janry on "Spirou et Fantasio" and "Le Petit Spirou", and with Luc Warnant and later Bruno Gazzotti on "Soda". More recently he has collaborated with Ralph Meyer on "Berceuse assassine", and with Marc Hardy on "Feux".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: An operation left him blind for a short while at the age of eight. His first experiences of comics were the "Adventures of Tintin" story "King Ottokar's Sceptre" and "Corentin" read aloud to him. Under the pseudonyms "Phil" and "Tom", he published his first illustrations and comics for the school magazine "Buck" (made by Thierry Groensteen) from 1972 to 1974. His first comic was a medieval parody "Estrel, le troubadour".

paragraph: Tome began his professional comics career in the studio of Dupa, the author of "Cubitus", where he met Janry who would become a long-time collaborator. After assisting Turk and De Groot on series such as "Léonard" and "Clifton", they began working at the Franco-Belgian comics magazine "Spirou" in 1979, their first assignment the games page "Jeureka".

paragraph: In 1980 they began work on their first "Spirou et Fantasio" adventure, the iconic forty-year-old series of "Spirou". Previously created by a succession of authors including the famous André Franquin, Tome and Janry were given the task in alternation with another creative team of Nic and Cauvin. Eventually assuming sole responsibility of the series, Tome and Janry continued creating stories until 1998, completing 14 albums, in addition to creating "Le Petit Spirou", a series about Spirou's youth, for which they made 14 albums since 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spirou et Fantasio"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Petit Spirou"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Soda"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feux"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sur la Route de Selma"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Berceuse Assassine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Minoukini"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Gang Mazda"

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: Humour Award and Youth Award (9-12 years) at the Angoulême International Comics Festival, France

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: nominated for Best German-language Comic for Children and Young People at the Max & Moritz Prizes, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: nominated for Best International Writer at the Max & Moritz Prizes

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tome publications in "Spirou" BDoubliées

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tome albums Bedetheque

paragraph: BULLET::::- Footnotes

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tome biography on Lambiek Comiclopedia

description: comics script writer

wikidata_label: Philippe Vandevelde

wikipedia_title: Philippe Vandevelde


text:
Archbishop of Caracas
Acarigua
Venezuela
Pope John Paul II
Puerto Ayacucho
Utimmira
Venezuelan President
Hugo Chávez
2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt
Carmona Decree
Catholic Hierarchy

categories: Salesians of Don Bosco,21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops,2003 deaths,Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II,1929 births,Venezuelan cardinals,People from Acarigua,Venezuelan Roman Catholic archbishops,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops

paragraph: Ignacio Velasco

paragraph: Antonio Ignacio Velasco García, S.D.B. (17 January 1929 – 6 July 2003) was a Venezuelan prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the Archbishop of Caracas from 27 May 1995 until his death.

paragraph: Velasco was born on 17 January 1929 in Acarigua, Venezuela. He was ordained a priest on 17 December 1955.

paragraph: On 23 October 1989, Pope John Paul II named him Apostolic Vicar of Puerto Ayacucho and titular bishop of Utimmira. He received his episcopal consecration on 27 January 1990. John Paul named him Archbishop of Caracas on 27 May 1994 and Velasco was installed there on 14 July.

paragraph: He made Velasco a cardinal on 21 February 2001 and assigned him as Cardinal-Priest to the titular church of Santa Maria Domenica Mazzarello.

paragraph: Velasco was known for his criticisms of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez. In 2001 he appealed to the government to take attacks on Catholic churches more seriously. After Chavez repeatedly attacked the Church, Velasco said: "Every day I turn another cheek. I have no cheeks left because every day there is a new insult."

paragraph: During the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt, Velasco attended the swearing in of Chavez' replacement, signed the Carmona Decree that disestablished the Chavez regime, and visited Chavez in exile in Orchila. Velasco later disassociated himself from the coup and his role remains unclear, combining an attempt to get Chavez to resign, an effort to protect Chavez' life, and doubts about the leadership of the short-lived coup. His personal antagonistic relationship with Chavez divided the conservative Church hierarchy from clergy who supported the radical social programs of the Chavez government.

paragraph: Velasco died on 6 July 2003 after a long illness and treatment in Spain for cancer.

paragraph: After Velasco's death, Chávez drew fire for his controversial statement that the Cardinal was "burning in hell".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Ignacio Antonio Velasco García

wikipedia_title: Ignacio Velasco


text:
Badingham
Suffolk
Harrow Weald
British
astronomer
sunspots
polymath
Apostolic Fathers
Clement of Alexandria
Polycarp
Ignatius of Antioch
Badingham
Chevallier family of Aspall Hall
Pembroke College
Cambridge
St Catharine's College, Cambridge
St Andrew the Great
University of Durham
Durham University Observatory
Jupiter's moons
meteorological
Esh
stroke
sunspot
Durham Castle
University College, Durham
lunar crater
Chevallier

categories: 19th-century English mathematicians,People from Suffolk Coastal (district),English astronomers,Fellows of Pembroke College, Cambridge,Academics of Durham University,Second Wranglers,19th-century astronomers,1873 deaths,Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge,1794 births,Fellows of St Catharine's College, Cambridge

paragraph: Temple Chevallier

paragraph: Temple Chevallier FRAS (19 October 1794 in Badingham, Suffolk – 4 November 1873 in Harrow Weald) was a British clergyman, astronomer, and mathematician. Between 1847 and 1849, he made important observations regarding sunspots. Chevallier has been called "a remarkable Victorian polymath" (Kenworthy, 1994). Not only did he write many papers on astronomy and physics, he also published a translation of the Apostolic Fathers that went into a second edition, and translated the works of Clement of Alexandria, Polycarp and Ignatius of Antioch.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Son of Rev. Temple Fiske Chevallier, rector of Badingham, Suffolk, of the Chevallier family of Aspall Hall, Chevallier was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and was ordained a priest in 1820. He became a Fellow of Pembroke College in 1819. He was a Fellow and Tutor of Catharine Hall (St Catharine's College, Cambridge) in 1820 and Hulsean lecturer in Divinity from 1826 to 1827. He was curate and then vicar of St Andrew the Great, Cambridge.

paragraph: His lectures were published as "Of the proofs of the divine power and wisdom derived from the study of astronomy" in 1835.

paragraph: That same year, Chevallier was invited to become Professor of Astronomy at the newly founded University of Durham. A chair of Mathematics and Astronomy existed at the University of Durham between 1841–1871; Chevallier was the one to hold this post. He also served as Reader in Hebrew from 1835-1871, Registrar from 1835-1865, and from 1834-1835 also assisted with lectures in Divinity.

paragraph: He was instrumental in establishing the Durham University Observatory (in 1839), serving as its Director for thirty years, and from which he made important observations of Jupiter's moons and regular meteorological observations. From 1835 until his death, he also served as perpetual Parish Priest at Esh, just outside Durham, where he founded the village school and restored the church.

paragraph: After his resignation in 1871 from his academic posts following a stroke, he died on 4 November 1873.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Chevallier had married, in 1825, Catherine, daughter of American Loyalist Charles Apthorpe Wheelwright. She died in 1858. He had three children: Catherine Temple, Alicia Temple and Temple (who died as a child).

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chevallier was the first British astronomer to institute regular and continuous observation of sunspots.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He is entablatured in the Cathedral Chapel of the Nine Altars (Durham) and is portrayed in the Great Hall of Durham Castle (University College, Durham) as a large, imposing man, with a heavy beard.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The lunar crater Chevallier is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Attribution:

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kenworthy, J.M., 1994, "The Durham University Observatory meteorological record," "Observatories and Climatological Research, Occasional Publication", no. 29, Department of Geography, University of Dunham.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kenworth, J.M. and Lowes, M.D., 1993, "The Chevalier family: their contribution to meteorology in the north-east of England," "Weather", 48 (2), 51-6.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clive Hodges: "Cobbold & Kin: Life Stories from an East Anglian Family" (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 2014)

description: British astronomer

wikidata_label: Temple Chevallier

wikipedia_title: Temple Chevallier


text:
Ijebu
Ogun State
Nigeria
migration
Yoruba language
Ijebu Ode
Itale

categories: 14th-century monarchs in Africa,Yoruba monarchs,Ijebu Kingdom,Nigerian traditional rulers,14th-century Nigerian people

paragraph: Obanta

paragraph: Obanta (originally Ogborogan) was the third king of the Ijebu kingdom who reigned in the 14th century in what is now Ogun State, Nigeria.

paragraph: Obanta led a migration of people from Ile Ife to become the King in Ijebu Ode after his maternal grandfather, Oba (King) Olu Iwa, the first Awujale of Ijebu Ode, died. On arriving at Ijebu, the inhabitants welcomed him warmly, shouting "oba wa nita" meaning "the king is outside" in the Yoruba language. This is how Ogborogan became known as Obanta.

paragraph: Obanta's descendants continued to hold the royal title of Awujale, though his power was limited by his chiefs and councils.

paragraph: A statue in his honor stands in the city center of Ijebu Ode, near the neighborhood of Itale.

description: king of the Ijebu kingdom

wikidata_label: Obanta

wikipedia_title: Obanta


text:
Mehmed II Giray
İslâm II Giray
Ğazı II Giray
Fetih I Giray
Selâmet I Giray
Mehmed III Giray
Saadet II Giray
Janibeg Giray
Meñli I Giray
Selim I
Saadet I Giray
Sahib I Giray
Shahghali
Khanate of Kazan
Yamghurchi of Astrakhan
Dervish Ali Astrakhani
Söyembikä of Kazan
Kabardia
Dmytro Vyshnevetsky
Kakhovka
Ochakov
Livonian War
Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
Fire of Moscow (1571)
gulyay-gorod
Battle of Molodi
Meñli I Giray
Battle of Molodi
Mehmed II Giray
Islyam II Giray
Gazi II Giray
Fetih I Giray
Selyamet I Geray
Saadet II Giray
Tokhtamish Geray
Inaet Geray
Janibek Geray
Adil Giray

paragraph: Devlet I Giray

paragraph: Devlet I Giray (; "", ) (lived 1502-1577, reigned 1551 -1577) was a Crimean Khan. During his eventful reign: 1552: Russia took Kazan, 1556: Russia took Astrakhan, 1569: Crimean Tatars together with Turks fail to re-take Astrakhan, 1571: Crimean Tatars burnt Moscow, wherein tsar of Muskovy fled from Moscow to Kolomna and pledged to pay an annual tribute to the Crimea, which was paid annually until 1700. During his reign there were a number of Cossack raids on Crimea. His wars with Russia were successful.

paragraph: Among his sons Mehmed II Giray (1577-84), İslâm II Giray (1584-88), Ğazı II Giray (1588-1607), Fetih I Giray (1596-97), Selâmet I Giray (1608-10), Mehmed III Giray (1610, 1623-27), Mubarak, Adil, Alp, Sahin, Akhmed and Haji (both killed by Russians in 1555). Saadet II Giray (1584) was a son of Mehmed II. Janibeg Giray (1610-23, 1624, 1627-35) was a son of Mubarak.

paragraph: His wives were: Aisha Fatima Khatun, a Circassian princess; Khansuret Khatun, daughter of Circassian Prince Kambulat Cherkasski; Khanbike Khatun; Farkhan Khatun; Jamali Khatun.

paragraph: Section::::Early Life and enthronement.

paragraph: He was the son of Mubarak, and grandson of Meñli I Giray (1478-1515). From Mengli's death until Devlet's accession the throne was held by Mubarak's brothers and their sons, so Devlet was from a collateral branch. Mubarak served Sultan Selim I the Grim and died fighting in Egypt in 1516/17. In 1530 Devlet became Kalga to his uncle Saadet I Giray (1524-32). When Saadet abdicated in 1532 he was imprisoned and then followed his uncle to Istanbul. Girays in the Turkish service were potential Crimean khans. In 1551 Sahib I Giray refused a Turkish order to fight in Persia. Devlet was sent to replace him. The Crimean army went over to Devlet, Sahib was captured and killed and by Devlet's order Sahib's children and grandchildren were also killed.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: 1552: Kazan lost: Learning that the pro-Russian Shahghali had been driven out of Kazan, in March 1552 Ivan decided on a major campaign against that Khanate. Learning of this, Devlet decided to attack Muscovy while the army was away, which would give him an easy victory and also protect Kazan. Nearing Ryazan he learned that Ivan was waiting for him at Kolomna. He planned to retreat, but his men did not want to go home without loot. He besieged Tula on 21 June, but two days an advancing Russian army and a sortie by the garrison drove the Tatars away and captured the wagons and all the Turkish artillery. In October of that year Russia conquered the Khanate of Kazan.

paragraph: 1556: Astrakhan lost: After the fall of Kazan Yamghurchi of Astrakhan broke with Russia and allied with Crimea. Devlet sent 13 cannon but no soldiers. In the spring of 1554 Ivan sent 33000 soldiers down the Volga, drove out Yamgurchi and replaced him with Dervish Ali Astrakhani. Dervish then broke with Russia and allied with Crimea. Devlet sent some cannon, advisors, 300 Jannisaries and 700 Crimeans. In 1556 Russia drove out Dervish and conquered Astrakhan.

paragraph: Meanwhile, on the steppe Ismail was in conflict with his elder brother Yusuf Bey, the father of the unfortunate Söyembikä of Kazan. He sought support from the Turks. The Sultan turned the matter over to the Crimeans who were in charge of steppe affairs. Devlet said no and Ismail turned to Moscow. He proposed a joint attack on Astrakhan to put his protégé Dervish Ali on the throne. Ismail's horsemen were to meet Russian boats on the Volga, but he did not show up because he was away fighting his brother Yusuf. The Russians took Astrakhan without him. Ismail killed Yusuf and became head of the Nogais. Kazi-Mirza gathered those who disliked the rule of a pro-Russian fratricide and led them to the Kuban where they formed the Small Nogai Horde which was closely allied with Crimea.

paragraph: Wars against Russia: Around this time Russia was briefly involved in the North Caucasus. See Kabardia. In the spring of 1555 Devlet led an army to the North Caucasus to deal with some Circassians who had gone over to the Russians. Learning of this, Ivan sent 13000 men under Sheremetev and Saltykov south in the direction of Perekop. On the way they learned that Devlet had turned north intending to attack Ryazan. Ivan reinforced the Oka bank Line, Devlet retreated and bumped into Sheremetev near Sudbishchi 150km south of Tula. Sheremetev captured his supply wagons, Devlet attacked and suffered great losses, including his sons Kalga Akhmed Geray and Haji Geray. Another son, Mehmed, rushed north, defeated Sheremetev and the Crimeans returned home. .

paragraph: In the spring of 1556 Devlet failed a third time in a raid on Muscovy. In January 1558 Devlet sent 100,000 men under his eldest son Kalga Mehmed Geray to attack Tula, Ryazan and Kashira. Learning of a Russian contration on the Oka, they turned back. The Russians chased them as far as the river Oskol but could not catch them. In May-June 1562 Devlet sent 15000 men to raid around Mtsensk, Odoev, Novosil, Bolkhov Cherny and Belyov. In the spring 1563 Devlet's sons Mehmed and Adil raided around Dedilov, Pronsk and Ryazan. In October 1564 Develt and his two sons raided around Ryazan for six days. In autumn 1565 Devlet and a small army raided around Bolkhov but was driven off. After the 1569 Astrakhan campaign (below), in spring 1570 his sons Mehmed and Adil Geray devastated the area around Ryazan and Kashira.

paragraph: At some point, given his failures, Devlet tried to make peace with Moscow, but his nobles refused.

paragraph: Cossacks against Crimea: About this time Dmytro Vyshnevetsky was turning the Zaporozhian Cossacks into a serious fighting force. In 1556 Devlet led his army toward the Circassia, but turned back when he learned that Russian Cossacks were descending the Dnieper and Don. The Cossacks wrecked Islyam-Kerman/Kakhovka, and carried its cannon back to Khoritsa. They attacked Ak-Chum/Ochakov and Kerch, but on the approach of Devlet's army they slipped away.

paragraph: In the spring of 1557 Devlet besieged Vishnevetsky and the Zaporozhian Cossacks Korytsa. After 24 days he was forced to retreat.

paragraph: In 1558 Vishnevetsky, Zaporozhian Cossacks and Russian soldiers went on ships to the lower Don, raided deep into Crimean territories, besieged Azak/Azov and defeated a Crimean force. At the same time Russians under Adashev went down the Dnieper and raided the west coast of Crimea, looted villages and freed many Russian and Lithuanian captives. The Turks they captured were freed since they were not at war with the sultan.

paragraph: Circassians invaded Crimea across the Kerch strait, but Devlet defeated them and seized their leaders. Around this time Ismail tried several times to break through Perekop. Many of the mainland Nogais fled to Crimea or joined Ismail. There was also drought with hunger and plague.

paragraph: Pressure was relieved when Vishnevetsky broke with Ivan and Ivan turned to the Livonian War (1558-63).

paragraph: 1569: Turks fail to take Astrakhan: As early as 1563 the Turks developed a grandiose plan to recapture Astrakhan from the infidels, reopen the trade and pilgrim route north of the Caspian and dig a canal from the Don to the Volga to send ships from the Black to the Caspian Sea and attack Persia from the Caspian. Devlet was not happy with the idea of being surrounded by Turkish territory and did what he could to dissuade the sultan. There are suggestions that he interfered with the campaign even while he was on it.

paragraph: On 31 May 1569 Kasim-Pasha set out for Astrakhan with 15000 Janissaries, several thousand other Turks, and 30000 laborers to dig the canal. He was joined by 40 or 50 thousand of Devlet's men. They went up the Don to the point where the rivers are closest and started digging. It quickly became obvious that the canal was impossible and there was no way to haul the boats and artillery across the steppe. The artillery was sent back downriver. Kasim planned to leave but heard that he could get ships on the Volga, so he crossed the steppe and went down to Astrakhan. The town was easy, but there was no way to take the fort without cannon. There was talk of waiting for re-supply in the spring, but they had only 40 days of supply and the soldiers became mutinous at the thought of spending the winter in tents on the steppe. On 26 September Kasim lifted the siege and headed west. They were harassed by Circassians and a Russian army sent south. The mounted Crimeans and Nogais did fairly well but the soldiers suffered greatly on the waterless steppe. Much of the fleet was wrecked by a storm at Azov. See Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570).

paragraph: 1571: Moscow burned: Given his previous failures along the Oka, in the spring of 1571 Devlet led 40000 men north to attack Kozelsk and Bolkhov south of the western Oka Bank Line. Approaching Muscovy he met six boyars who had fled Ivan the Terrible's increasing madness. They promised to show the Tatars an unguarded area along the Oka. They said that most of the Russian army was away in Livonia and the country was weakened by crop failure and plague. When Devlet crossed the Oka Ivan fled to Rostov. By 24 May Devlet was near Moscow directing raiding parties. Moscow caught fire, a strong wind blew up and within a few hours the wooden city was in ashes except for the Kremlin walls. People who fled the fire were captured. Devlet returned to Crimea, taking more captives along the way. It is said that tens of thousands of Russians were killed and 150 thousand enslaved. See Fire of Moscow (1571).

paragraph: 1572: Failure near Moscow: There was talk of taking diplomatic advantage of the unexpected victory, but Devlet decided on a knock-out blow. By 5 August he had 120 thousand men on the Oka – 80 thousand Crimeans and Nogais, 33 thousand Turks and 7000 janissaries. A Nogai detachment crossed the river and the rest of the army followed. Ivan fled towards Novgorod. The troops on the Oka went after Devlet, blocking his retreat. Devlet told his men to ignore them and concentrate on catching Ivan. His sons Mehmed and Adil disobeyed, attacked the Russians and were defeated. Devlet sent 10000 Nogai against the Russians but they fell under artillery fire. Devlet broke off the pursuit and turned his large army to block the advancing Russians. The Russians broke into groups and surrounded each group with gulyay-gorods. The first battle was about even, but the Russians captured Deve-Bey, the leader of the Nogais. Baki-Bey? Devlet planned to surround the gulay-gorods and starve them out, but the leaderless Nogais demanded immediate action. Devlet had to agree. The decisive battle took place on 11 August. When the cavalry attacked the gulay-gorods their walls were dropped revealing artillery and musketeers. The Tatars fell back and were caught by a Russian troop that had slipped behind them. The losses were worse than the previous day and Devlet lost a son and grandson. While this was going on the Tatars captured a message from Ivan saying that he was arriving with a large force. The message was a trick, Devlet fell for it and retreated, having lost a large part of his army. Estimates of the survivors range from 5 to 20 thousand. See Battle of Molodi.

paragraph: Later: In subsequent years there were small raids on Muscovy by his sons and various Crimean and Nogai mirzas. As he grew older there were difficult relations between his sons Mehmed and Adil. He died of plague on 29 June 1577 and was buried at Bakhchisarai. He was followed by his oldest son Mehmed II Geray (1577-84).

paragraph: Section::::His sons.

paragraph: Devlet was the ancestor of all subsequent khans. For his ancestors see Meñli I Giray. He had 12 or more sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khaspudan: little information

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akhmed and Haji: both killed by Russians at Sudbishchi in 1555

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sherdan possibly killed at the Battle of Molodi in 1572

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khan Mehmed II Giray 1577-84. fought in Persia for Turks, deposed by Turks, killed by brother Alp

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khan Islyam II Giray 1584-88, imposed by Turks, unsuccessful, natural death

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khan Gazi II Giray 1588-1607, fought for Turks in west, 2 sons were khans

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khan Fetih I Giray 1596, briefly imposed by Turks, grandson a Khan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khan Selyamet I Geray 1608-10, fled to Turkey, made khan by Turks, 3 sons were khans

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaki Mubarek, fled Gazi II, died in Circassia, son a khan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adil: executed by Persians in 1579

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alp: good warrior, quarrelsome, almost became khan in 1583 and 1588

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grandsons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mehmed's son Khan Saadet II Giray (1584) rebelled against Islyam II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gazi II's sons Khan Tokhtamish Geray 1607-1608 and Khan Inaet Geray 1635-37)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mubarek's son Khan Janibek Geray (1610-23, 1628-35)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fetih's grandson Khan Adil Giray (1666-71)

paragraph: BULLET::::- All subsequent khans were descended from Selyamet, except for the sons and grandsons of his brothers noted above.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oleksa Gaivoronsky «Повелители двух материков», Kiev-Bakhchisarai, second edition, 2010, , volume 1, pages 249-298

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Hoyle Howorth, History of the Mongols, 1880, Part 2, pp 488-512

description: Crimean Khan

wikidata_label: Devlet I Giray

wikipedia_title: Devlet I Giray


text:
ski mountaineer
mountain runner
sky runner
Mezzalama Trophy
Sellaronda
Luca Negroni
European Championship
Carlo Battel
World Championship
vertical race
European Championship
World Championship
European Championship
Guido Giacomelli
Vincent Meilleur
Olivier Nägele
Martin Riz
Tony Sbalbi
Giuseppe Ouvrier
Ettore Champretavy
Fabio Meraldi
Stéphane Brosse
Pierre Gignoux
Manfred Reichegger
Dennis Brunod
Florent Troillet
Damiano Lenzi
Daniele Pedrini
Lorenzo Holzknecht
Patrouille des Glaciers
Patrick Blanc
Jean Pellissier

categories: 1972 births,Italian male ski mountaineers,People from Aosta,Italian sky runners,Living people,Italian mountain runners

paragraph: Jean Pellissier (ski mountaineer)

paragraph: Jean Pellissier (born 30 July 1972) is an Italian ski mountaineer, mountain runner and sky runner.

paragraph: Pellissier started ski mountaineering in 1997 and competed first in the Mezzalama Trophy race in the same year. He has been member of the national team since 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Selected results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Luca Negroni)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, "Trofeo "Rinaldo Maffeis"" (together with Luca Negroni)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 9th, European Championship team race (together with Carlo Battel)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, World Championship team race (together with Carlo Battel)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th, World Championship vertical race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th, World Championship combination ranking

paragraph: BULLET::::- 10th, World Championshipsingle race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th, European Championship team race (together with Carlo Battel)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6th, World Championship team race (together with Carlo Battel)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd, European Championship team race (together with Guido Giacomelli)

paragraph: Section::::Selected results.:Pierra Menta.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: 7th, together with Vincent Meilleur

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: 7th, together with Olivier Nägele

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: 3rd, together with Guido Giacomelli

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: 7th, together with Martin Riz

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: 9th, together with Tony Sbalbi

paragraph: Section::::Selected results.:Trofeo Mezzalama.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: 6th, together with Giuseppe Ouvrier and Ettore Champretavy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: 2nd, together with Fabio Meraldi and Stéphane Brosse

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: 2nd, together with Stéphane Brosse and Pierre Gignoux

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: 3rd, together with Manfred Reichegger and Dennis Brunod

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: 1st, together with Guido Giacomelli and Florent Troillet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: 2nd, together with Damiano Lenzi and Daniele Pedrini

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: 7th, together with Guido Giacomelli and Lorenzo Holzknecht

paragraph: Section::::Selected results.:Patrouille des Glaciers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: 8th (and 3rd in "seniors II" ranking), Patrouille des Glaciers, together with Giuseppe Ouvrier and Ettore Champretavy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: 1st and course record, together with Patrick Blanc and Stéphane Brosse

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Pellissier at "skimountaineering.org"

description: Italian ski mountaineer

wikidata_label: Jean Pellissier

wikipedia_title: Jean Pellissier (ski mountaineer)


text: Italian

text: ski mountaineer

text: sky runner

text: mountain runner

text: Bruneck

text: Mezzalama Skyrace

text: Dennis Brunod

text: Tour du Rutor

text: Transcavallo

text: European Championship

text: World Championship

text: European Championship

text: Guido Giacomelli

text: Matteo Pedergnana

text: Salt Lake City

text: World Championship

text: Hansjörg Lunger

text: European Championship

text: Denis Trento

text: Traça Catalana

text: World Championship

text: Martin Riz

text: vertical race

text: Val d'Aran

text: European Championship

text: Lorenzo Holzknecht

text: Damiano Lenzi

text: Dachstein Xtreme

text: World Championship

text: Trophée des Gastlosen

text: World Championship

text: Robert Antonioli

text: Matteo Eydallin

text: European Championship

text: Damiano Lenzi

text: Robert Antonioli

text: Nicola Invernizzi

text: Jean Pellissier

text: Pietro Lanfranchi

categories: People from Bruneck,Italian male ski mountaineers,1977 births,Italian sky runners,World ski mountaineering champions,Living people

paragraph: Manfred Reichegger

paragraph: Manfred Reichegger (6 January 1977) is an Italian ski mountaineer, sky runner and mountain runner.

paragraph: Section::::Biografia.

paragraph: Reichegger was born in Bruneck. He competed first in ski mountaineering in 1999 and has been member of the national team since 2002. He also won the Mezzalama Skyrace in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Selected results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, Italian Cup team (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, Tour du Rutor (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, Transcavallo (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, European Championship single race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, European Championship combination ranking

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, European Championship team racing (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, World Cup team

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, Dolomiti Cup team (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd, World Championship team racing (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th, World Championship single race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th, World Championship combination ranking

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, European Championship relay race (together with Guido Giacomelli, Dennis Brunod and Matteo Pedergnana)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, "Trofeo "Rinaldo Maffeis"" (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd, World Cup race, Salt Lake City

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th, World Cup team (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, World Championship relay race (together with Hansjörg Lunger, Dennis Brunod and Guido Giacomelli)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, World Cup team (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, Italian Cup

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, "Trofeo "Rinaldo Maffeis"" (together with Guido Giacomelli)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, European Championship relay race (together with Denis Trento, Dennis Brunod and Guido Giacomelli)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, World Cup team

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, World Cup single

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, Traça Catalana race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th, European Championship team race (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 9th, European Championship combination ranking

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, World Championship relay race (together with Denis Trento, Dennis Brunod and Martin Riz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th, World Championship vertical race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th, World Championship combination ranking

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6th, World Cup race, Val d'Aran

paragraph: BULLET::::- 8th, World Championship single race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, European Championship relay race (together with Lorenzo Holzknecht, Dennis Brunod and Damiano Lenzi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, Dachstein Xtreme

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, European Championship single race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, European Championship combination ranking

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd, European Championship team race (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th, European Championship vertical race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, World Championship relay race (together with Damiano Lenzi, Lorenzo Holzknecht and Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th, World Championship vertical race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6th, World Championship team race (together with Dennis Brunod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, Trophée des Gastlosen (ISMF World Cup), together with Dennis Brunod

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, World Championship relay, together with Robert Antonioli, Denis Trento and Matteo Eydallin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd, World Championship team race, together with Lorenzo Holzknecht

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5th, World Championship single race

paragraph: BULLET::::- 6th, World Championship vertical, combined ranking

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, European Championship team, together with Lorenzo Holzknecht

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd, European Championship relay, together with Matteo Eydallin, Damiano Lenzi and Robert Antonioli

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3rd, World Championship vertical, combined ranking

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4th, European Championship single

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, 2012 Crested Butte Ski Mountaineering Race, sprint, single and total ranking

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: 3rd, together with Dennis Brunod and Nicola Invernizzi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: 3rd, together with Jean Pellissier and Dennis Brunod

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: 3rd, together with Dennis Brunod and Denis Trento

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: 1st, together with Matteo Eydallin and Denis Trento

paragraph: Section::::Selected results.:Pierra Menta.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: 1st, together with Dennis Brunod

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: 1st, together with Dennis Brunod

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: 3rd, together with Dennis Brunod

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: 5th, together with Damiano Lenzi

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: 1st, together with Lorenzo Holzknecht

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: 2nd, together with Matteo Eydallin and Pietro Lanfranchi

description: Italian ski mountaineer and mountain runner

wikidata_label: Manfred Reichegger

wikipedia_title: Manfred Reichegger