text: magnate

text: Folkingham

text: Lincolnshire

text: Henry VI

text: East Anglia

text: nobility

text: peerage

text: viscount

text: Humphrey, duke of Gloucester

text: Jack Cade's Rebellion

text: Richard, duke of York

text: Lancastrian

text: Wars of the Roses

text: battle of Northampton

text: William Beaumont

text: Yorkists

text: Folkingham Castle

text: Henry V's

text: ward

text: Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester

text: William Phelip

text: knight of the Garter

text: Lord Bardolf

text: East Anglia

text: estates

text: William de la Pole, earl of Suffolk

text: household

text: Henry VI

text: knighted

text: coronation

text: John Watts

text: council

text: France

text: duke of Gloucester

text: Calais

text: Duke of York

text: Normandy

text: county of Boulogne

text: earl of Warwick

text: Ralph Griffiths

text: Duchy of Lancaster

text: Leicester

text: Castle Donington

text: Higham Ferrers

text: king's council

text: minor

text: Constable of England

text: Scots

text: Bishop Pecock

text: Lollard

text: heresy

text: formal examination

text: recant

text: abjured

text: bishopric

text: viscount

text: Viscount Beaumont

text: Lord Great Chamberlain

text: the Garter

text: John Watts

text: manuscript

text: Knyghthode and Bataile

text: Vegetius

text: Queens' College, Cambridge

text: Katherine Strangways, née Neville

text: dowager

text: duchess of Norfolk

text: Richard Neville, earl of Salisbury

text: royal progress

text: Steward of England

text: Buckingham

text: earl of Salisbury

text: Humphrey, duke of Gloucester

text: treason

text: Bury St Edmunds

text: Suffolk's

text: impeachment

text: William Tailboys

text: knave

text: Lord Cromwell

text: Boston

text: manor

text: Lord Chamberlain

text: Jack Cade's Rebellion

text: London

text: duke of Buckingham

text: Blackheath

text: royal pardons

text: duke of Suffolk

text: Richard, duke of York

text: feoffee

text: Protectorate

text: first battle of St Albans

text: stand-off

text: Dartford

text: Neville

text: duke of Somerset

text: Lords Temporal

text: royal commission

text: Prince of Wales

text: Yorkists

text: Wiltshire

text: Shrewsbury

text: attainder

text: Coventry parliament

text: Margaret of Anjou

text: reversion

text: Lancastrian

text: House of York

text: battle

text: duke of Buckingham

text: Lord Egremont

text: battle of Northampton

text: second Viscount

text: Edward IV

text: battle of Towton

categories: Medieval English nobility,People of the Wars of the Roses,1400s births,15th-century English people,Viscounts Beaumont,1460 deaths,People from Folkingham

paragraph: John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont

paragraph: John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont (c. 1409–1460), was an English nobleman and magnate from Folkingham, Lincolnshire. He was a councillor to King Henry VI and was rewarded for his services, becoming a leading member of the East Anglian nobility. Beaumont held numerous offices for the crown, and was promoted up the peerage to become the first man with the rank of viscount. He also amassed immense personal wealth, acquired through inheritance, marriage, and royal patronage.

paragraph: Beaumont was present for some of the most notable events of Henry VI's reign. He was present at the arrest of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester in 1447, helped defend the king against Jack Cade's Rebellion in 1450, and helped suppress the rebellion of Richard, duke of York in 1452. While York and his allies ended up fighting against the king, Beaumont remained loyal to the Lancastrian crown during the 1450s, which saw the beginning of the Wars of the Roses. His personal loyalty to Henry VI eventually cost him his life – he was killed, bodyguarding the king, at the battle of Northampton in 1460. Beaumont's son, William Beaumont, continued the struggle against the Yorkists.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born at Folkingham Castle, the eldest son of Henry Beaumont, 5th Baron Beaumont, and orphaned by the age of four, Beaumont became Henry V's ward, who quickly put him in the custody of Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester. On 24 July 1425 his marriage rights were granted by the council to Sir John Radcliffe as part-payment for debts owed him by the crown. He was first summoned to parliament as Lord Beaumont in 1431, and at some point between 1425 and 1436 he married Elizabeth Phelip. She was the daughter and heiress of Sir William Phelip, a knight of the Garter who was recognised as sixth Lord Bardolf. On his death in 1441, his large East Anglian estates went to his daughter, and so to Viscount Beaumont. This made him a leading figure in the region. Combined with his own inheritance in Leicestershire, he was a figure worthy of the association of William de la Pole, earl of Suffolk (died 1450) and from there entered the household of King Henry VI. In 1429 Beaumont was knighted by the seven-year old king on the eve of his coronation and was in France with Henry the following year. Dr. John Watts has suggested that, as a royal ward, he may have been brought up in the king's household as a young man, and that his later generous treatment was a consequence of this. Watts noted that a council act of 1425 brought wards of his status 'permanently about the king.'

paragraph: Section::::Royal service.

paragraph: His first major activity on the king's behalf was in France with the king's uncle, the duke of Gloucester in June–July 1436, which had the goal of relieving Calais, in a short, sharp campaign; albeit using the largest English army seen on French soil since Henry V's campaign. He briefly reinforced the Duke of York in Normandy, but all returned to England in late July 1437. For this service he was granted the county of Boulogne in reward; he was not, however, to ever return, even though the earl of Warwick had named him as one of the preferred nobles to accompany him back to France that year to relieve York. On 5 January the following year (by now a 'prominent Household servant,' according to Ralph Griffiths) he was made steward of the Duchy of Lancaster and steward of Leicester, Castle Donington, and Higham Ferrers. In 1439 he was sworn onto the king's council, which was effectively running the country during the king's minority, and in 1446 he was 'intimately involved' in peace negotiations with the French. In 1445, he was appointed Constable of England, an envoy to France that same year beginning those negotiations, and five years later, to the Scots.

paragraph: In June 1457 he was personally responsible for intervening in the activities of Bishop Pecock, a virulent anti-Lollard. However, his virulence led to suspicions of heresy, which resulted in Beaumont's instigation of a formal examination into the bishop's sermons and writings; Peckock agreed to recant and abjured his heresy in November 1457, resigning his bishopric a year later.

paragraph: Section::::Royal service.:Royal favour.

paragraph: By 1440 he was firmly in the king's favour, being made in succession the first ever English viscount as Viscount Beaumont (1440), possibly because by then Boulogne was effectively lost to him and then granted royal lands in East Anglia, further official positions in royal castles, Lord Great Chamberlain, elected to the Garter and the feudal Viscountcy of Beaumont in France. In 1445 he was made premier viscount, and granted precedence over any other- as-yet unmade- viscounts. These consistent promotions and favouritism have been the subject of some speculation by historians; John Watts has questioned why he 'attracted such an extraordinary heap of honours and perquisites from the crown in these years.' He suggests that as a major noble in East Anglia- with all the territorial and regional significance that meant- was enough to make him worthy of promotion. Beaumont commissioned a contemporary manuscript on chivalry, "Knyghthode and Bataile", an adaption of Vegetius for presentation to the king, and was also a major benefactor of Queens' College, Cambridge which the king had granted by charter to his wife Margaret in 1448.

paragraph: Section::::Second marriage.

paragraph: His wife having died by October 1441, within two years he married Katherine Strangways, née Neville, who was dowager duchess of Norfolk and noble in her own right, being sister of Richard Neville, earl of Salisbury, and thus what would have been considered a great marital prize. She brought him further territorial and financial augmentation.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Beaumont was fully involved in the political crises that punctuated the reign of Henry VI: Griffiths has labelled him one of 'a small group of like-minded men, led by Suffolk' who could work for the king whether in council or on royal progress, although his attendance at council seems to have become more sporadic by 1443. As Steward of England, he personally- although accompanied by, for example, other lords such as Buckingham and the earl of Salisbury- arrested Humphrey, duke of Gloucester for treason, in Bury St Edmunds 18 February 1447.

paragraph: Throughout the subsequent period of foreign catastrophe which, to contemporaries, came to symbolise the failure of Suffolk's government in the late 1440s, Beaumont not only supported the duke's policy but backed him during his impeachment. With Suffolk's fall in 1450, it has been described as 'rather surprising' that Beaumont did not fall with him, having 'been involved in some of the regime's most unpopular activities.' For instance, he was a close associate and a 'protector' of the 'headstrong' Sir William Tailboys (whom Griffiths also called 'knave-in-chief') when Tailboys attempted to assassinate Lord Cromwell in broad daylight in November 1449. He had also suffered a minor assault on his Boston manor the previous year, but it is likely that he was seen as more impartial at the time than he has seen since. Indeed, far from suffering from his patron's fall, he was appointed to Suffolk's old position of Lord Chamberlain of England, although only for three weeks.

paragraph: At the outbreak of Jack Cade's Rebellion, he was commissioned on 10 June 1450 to reinforce London, and accompanied Henry VI back to the capital in July. Later, with the duke of Buckingham negotiated with the rebels at Blackheath, offering them royal pardons.

paragraph: At the time of the duke of Suffolk's murder, Beaumont had been an associate of the by now recalcitrant Richard, duke of York, having been one of the duke's feoffees in May 1436 and March 1441, and possibly even acting as the duke's councillor on occasion. He had also joined York on the king's council during York's first Protectorate (March 1453 – January 1454). But as York drew further from the court, so Beaumont appears to have moved towards it; although he appears to have not been present at the first battle of St Albans in 1455, he had already stood with the king against York at the latter's stand-off with king at Dartford in 1452, and then sat in judgment on some of his men. He eventually joined the anti-Neville faction at court; although his wife was a Neville, her family had by now aligned themselves with the duke of York. He was amongst the party of lords that reported to parliament that the king was sick and they 'coud not rouse him' in March 1454. He was also an arbitrator between York and the king's party, headed by the duke of Somerset after the king's recovery in 1454; although Griffiths says not a 'strictly impartial' one. Indeed, Griffiths suggests that his appointment to the council on 15 April 1454, after the king's recovery and York's dismissal, was part of a concerted attempt to 're-balance' the council after the protectorate. He was even reported (although wrongly) to have been recruiting an army to march against London in 1454. He was one of the few Lords Temporal to remain in Henry VI's council in the closing years of the decade, by which time he was the queen's chief steward. He was also part of the royal commission set up by parliament in July 1455 to examine royal household expenditure; the trust the Queen placed in him was demonstrated on 28 January 1457 when he was appointed to the council of the young Prince of Wales, which had responsibility for his estate management, expenditure, personnel, and administration.

paragraph: His loyalty the crown was such that in 1460 the Yorkists proclaimed him one of their most mortal enemies among the king's supporters. They also claimed that Beaumont, along with the earls of Wiltshire and Shrewsbury, orchestrated the Yorkists' attainder at the 1459 Coventry parliament, in order to seize the Yorkists' lands. It is likely that they were the public focus of the Yorkists' enmity in a way that Henry VI's queen (to whom he was a personal adviser), Margaret of Anjou could not be.

paragraph: Section::::Wealth and estates.

paragraph: In 1444, further expanding his wealth, he bought the reversion of Sir Thomas Erdington's estates, as the latter was dying with no heir. Like other lords involved in the fall of Gloucester in 1447, he benefitted immensely from the subsequent redistribution of the duke's lands.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: His allegiance to the Lancastrian regime remained strong enough for him to take arms against the House of York, and eventually cost him his life. Commanding the central battle of the king's army he fell, with the duke of Buckingham and Lord Egremont whilst forming a human shield in defence of the king, against the victorious Yorkists in the battle of Northampton on 10 July 1460. Even though the king had fallen into Yorkist hands, Beaumont was not attainted, and his son was allowed to enter into his inheritance. Presumably in an attempt to reconcile his family to the new regime. This failed, and Beaumont's second son (but who was his heir) – the by now second Viscount fought against the victorious army of the Yorkist king, Edward IV at the battle of Towton in April the next year.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R.A. Griffiths, "The Reign of Henry VI", at Google books

description: English nobleman

wikidata_label: John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont

wikipedia_title: John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont


text:
Gábor Ihász
Kálmán Ihász
1996 representative for Hungary
Eurovision Song Contest 1996
Budapest
Oslo

categories: Hungary stubs,Hungarian people of German descent,Hungarian people of Albanian descent,Hungarian male singers,Hungarian people of Greek descent,Hungarian Eurovision Song Contest entrants,1953 births,Living people,Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1996

paragraph: Gjon Delhusa

paragraph: Gjon Delhusa (; born 9 August 1953) is a Hungarian singer, composer and lyricist, and the cousin of singer Gábor Ihász and footballer Kálmán Ihász. He is most notable for being the 1996 representative for Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Delhusa was born on 9 August 1953, in Budapest. His mother, Erzsébet Ihász, was Gábor and Kálmán Ihász's aunt. His paternal grandparents were Greek and Albanian and his maternal side was mixed German-Hungarian.

paragraph: Section::::Eurovision.

paragraph: In 1996, he was chosen via national final to represent Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996 in Oslo with the song Fortuna, but was eliminated in the audio-only qualify round. The system was unique, but also had its controversies, as along with Hungary, Germany, one of the main financial contributors to the contest, had also been eliminated. This caused the system to be disposed of after that year.

description: Hungarian composer

wikidata_label: Gjon Delhusa

wikipedia_title: Gjon Delhusa


text:
Yiddish language
Pohrebysche
World War II

categories: 1917 births,2013 deaths,Russian Jews,Yiddish-language writers

paragraph: Michael Lev

paragraph: Michael (Mishe) Lev (3 July 1917 - 23 May 2013) was a Yiddish language writer.

paragraph: Lev was born in Pohrebysche, Ukraine. He studied Yiddish language and literature in Moscow, and worked at a Yiddish publishing house, where his first publications appeared. During World War II Lev fought in the Russian army, was taken prisoner, escaped, and joined the partisans. His wartime experiences became the main theme of his writings. He published 17 books in Yiddish, Russian and Hebrew. He died, aged 95, in Rehovot, Israel.

description: Russian writer

wikidata_label: Michael Lev

wikipedia_title: Michael Lev


text: Aix-en-Provence

text: Thomas Couture

text: Joseph Ravaisou

text: Louvre Museum

text: Joachim Gasquet

text: Le Tholonet

text: Joachim Gasquet

text: Paul Cézanne

text: Académie Suisse

text: Paris

text: Titian

text: Édouard Manet

categories: 19th-century French painters,1829 births,French male painters,19th-century male artists,People from Aix-en-Provence,1898 deaths

paragraph: Achille Empéraire

paragraph: Achille Empéraire (1829–1898) was a French painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Achille Empéraire was born as a dwarf and a hunchback, on 16 September 1829 in Aix-en-Provence. He took drawing lessons in Aix from 1844 to 1856.

paragraph: From 1857 onwards, he would often go to Paris and started attending Thomas Couture's school there. Adamant to make the grade, he would ask for help anywhere, undaunted by the prospect of living in the streets. He even wrote in his letters, "When occasionally I can spend 80 centimes on a meal, it feels like an orgy... The rest of the time, to skip a meal, I quell my hunger by eating bread crumbs with wine and sugar." Also, 'Paris is a massive tomb, an unquestionable and awful mirage for most people. While a few get along, most of us fail, believe me.'

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: On the eve of his first exhibition in Paris, he applied varnish on his canvas. The next day, the painting was in pieces. Traumatised, he would never use varnish again, which explains why a lot of his paintings have vanished. It is only thanks to Joseph Ravaisou's son that some paintings are still there to be seen. By serendipity, he was commissioned a painting for the Louvre Museum and earned 1.000 francs for it, a hefty sum at the time. This money enabled him to pay for some debts and for his trip back to Aix in October 1873. It was only in 1873 that he met Joachim Gasquet in Aix, who would turn out to be Emperaire's best friend up until his death.

paragraph: Although he went back to Paris in 1881 and again in 1882, when he was honoured with becoming a member of the "Société libre des Artistes français", he would hardly leave Aix from 1873 onwards, living at 2, place des Prêcheurs. While in Aix, he liked to go painting in Le Tholonet. He was known for being headstrong. Joachim Gasquet once mentioned his "unwavering bravery and unquestioning pride", someone who, on his deathbed, still had faith in "the beauty, the art and the genius of the world".

paragraph: Although he met Paul Cézanne, who became a close friend of his, at the Académie Suisse in Paris in 1861, he rejected his style. Indeed, for his nudes and landscapes, he preferred to use thick material. For John Rewald, Emperaire, "was able to loop out of Cézanne's influence, and his work denotes a surprising personality and a most peculiar strand". He had a passion for Titian and Édouard Manet. Cézanne once said, "Well, he didn't make it. Still, he was a lot more of a painter than all those dripping with medals and honours".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: He resided in an apartment at 16, rue Émeric-David in Aix.

paragraph: He died on 8 January 1898.

paragraph: Section::::Paintings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nu couché"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baigneuse de Saul" (au revers un autoportrait)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portrait de femme en buste" (au revers un nu couché)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paysage de la campagne d'Aix"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nature morte ou pichet" (au revers deux amazones traversant un bois)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nature morte aux pêches ainsi que plusieurs dessins"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portrait of Achille Emperaire", by Paul Cézanne

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Achille Empéraire

wikipedia_title: Achille Empéraire


text:
Villingen
physician
German Renaissance
Ensisheim
magic
witchcraft
witch-trial
Theologia mythologica
Book of Occult Philosophy
Henry Cornelius Agrippa
bloodletting
balneotherapy
Ceremonial Magic
Goetia
Das Kloster
Johann Weyer

categories: 1569 deaths,1500s births,German gynaecologists,Occult writers,German male writers

paragraph: Georg Pictorius

paragraph: Georg Pictorius of Villingen (c. 1500 – 1569) was a physician and an author of the German Renaissance.

paragraph: He became active as a physician from 1540 in Ensisheim. In his book on magic, he condemns witchcraft, endorsing the witch-trials of his time: "if the witches are not burned, the number of these furies swells up in such an immense sea that no one could live safe from their spells and charms." (Midelfort p. 59)

paragraph: His gynecological "Frauenzimmer" gives cosmetic advice for women, from the suppression of unpleasant scents to the shaping of their bosom (Walter, p. 372f.)

paragraph: works:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1532 Theologia mythologica

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Isagoge", the fourth book in the collection published as the Fourth Book of Occult Philosophy by Henry Cornelius Agrippa

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1555 " Lasz Büchlin", on bloodletting

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1560 " Baderbüchlin", on balneotherapy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Von den Gattungen der Ceremonialmagie (Goetie)" (Eng. "Of the Kinds of Ceremonial Magic (Goetia)"), ed. "Das Kloster" (1846)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Weyer

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tillmann Wertz, "Georgius Pictorius (1500-1569/73). Leben und Werk eines oberrheinischen Arztes und Humanisten." Heidelberg: Palatina Verlag 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Midelfort, H. C. Erik, "Witch Hunting in Southwestern Germany, 1562-1684: The Social and Intellectual Foundations" (1972), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tilmann Walter, "Unkeuschheit und Werk der Liebe: Diskurse über Sexualität am Beginn der Neuzeit in Deutschland" (1998), .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rachel Darmon : "Georgius Pictorius à la recherche d'un langage mythographique", in "Acta Conventus Neo-latini Uppsaliensis. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Congress of Neo-latin Studies, Uppsala, 2009," dir. Astrid Steiner-Weber, Brill, 2012, p. 341-351.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rachel Darmon : « La mythographie comme écriture de la "variatio" : métamorphoses poétiques de l’unité divine au XVI siècle », in "La" variatio". L’aventure d’un principe d’écriture, de l’Antiquité au XXIe siècle." "Actes du colloque tenu à l’Université de Clermont-Ferrand, 25-27 mars 2010", dir. Hélène Vial, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2014, p. 429-439.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rachel Darmon : « Figuration, fable et théologie dans les traités de mythographie », in "Fable/ Figure. Récit, fiction, allégorisation à la Renaissance", dir. Trung Tran, RHR : Revue de l’association d’études sur la Renaissance, l’Humanisme et la Réforme, n° 77, Lyon, décembre 2013, p. 31-50.

description: German physician

wikidata_label: Georg Pictorius

wikipedia_title: Georg Pictorius


text: Grand Prix

text: motorcycle

text: road racer

text: Kōchi

text: Honda

text: Bridgestone

text: Suzuka

text: Brno

text: Marco Melandri

text: Emilio Alzamora

text: Hector Faubel

text: last race of 2006

text: first race of 2007

text: Manuel Poggiali

text: Brazilian Grand Prix

text: Official MotoGP Site

categories: Japanese motorcycle racers,125cc World Championship riders,Living people,1971 births

paragraph: Masao Azuma

paragraph: Masao Azuma was a Japanese Grand Prix motorcycle road racer (born March 24, 1971 in Kōchi, Japan) who competed in the 125cc class from 1996 to 2003. During his eight years in the 125 class he rode exclusively for Honda and used Bridgestone tyres for six of those years. He finished in the Top 5 of the Championship for four consecutive years.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Azuma began racing minibikes at an early age in the Japanese national championships. He was the Japanese National 125cc Champion in 1993 and 1994. He made his 125cc World Championship debut as a wildcard at Suzuka in 1996 and finished an impressive 6th.

paragraph: Azuma competed in the full 1997 season for the LB Racing Team and showed good consistency regularly finishing just outside the top 10. He scored a best finish of 4th, again at his home round at Suzuka. He finished the season in 15th place in the Championship.

paragraph: Azuma joined the Leigeois Competition team and aside from four DNFs never finished outside the top 10. Five podium finishes, including a debut win in Australia saw him finishing 5th overall in the Championship and marked him out as one of the top Japanese riders and a title contender for the following year.

paragraph: With the same team in 1999 (now renamed the Liegeois Playlife Racing Team) Azuma began a serious title bid, winning five of the first eight races, securing two pole positions (the only poles of his career) and leading the 125cc Championship. Disaster awaited at Rd 10 in Brno however. During qualifying a small deer ran onto the track right into the path of Azuma’s accelerating motorcycle. In the ensuing crash, Azuma was not seriously injured and raced the next day eventually finishing 12th. However, it was to be a turning point in the year, and perhaps his career. The remaining six rounds saw erratic and relatively poor results from Azuma, while his title rivals Marco Melandri and Emilio Alzamora gained on him in the Championship. Melandri scored 5 race wins in the latter half of the season, and Champion-to-be Alzamora’s consistent podium finishes would eventually relegate Azuma to 3rd in the Championship. This was to be his highest Championship finish.

paragraph: Now under the Benetton Playlife banner, Azuma’s 2000 season was an erratic one with four DNFs countered by six podiums. He put together a good string of results towards the end of the season with a fifth, two second places and a win at the final round in Australia, but the inconsistency up to then meant he couldn’t challenge for the title. He finished the championship in fourth.

paragraph: The 2001 season started out promising with Azuma winning two of the first three races. (By winning the first race of the new season and the last race of the previous season Azuma was to set a 125 class record that would not be repeated again until 2007 when Hector Faubel won the last race of 2006 and the first race of 2007.) However, an inconsistent season was to follow and Azuma never managed to make it onto the podium during the rest of the season. He finished 5th in the Championship almost 100 pts adrift of eventual Champion Manuel Poggiali.

paragraph: Now in the Trial by Breil team, Azuma’s 2002 season got off to a slow start, his only podium appearance being a win at the Brazilian Grand Prix near the end of the season. This was to be his final win at World Championship level. He finished the season 8th in the Championship.

paragraph: Moving to the Ajo Motorsports team, Azuma struggled to make headway, with only 4 Top 10 finishes all season and 7 DNFs. He announced his retirement at his home race, the Pacific GP at Motegi, with 3 rounds still to go. At the GP in Australia, he recorded his best result all year with a 2nd place. He retired from racing at the end of the season, finishing in 16th place in the Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Post-racing career.

paragraph: While his riding career was over, Masao Azuma continued to work in the MotoGP paddock.

paragraph: In 2007, he worked with Bridgestone tyres as their MotoGP Field Engineer for the Rizla Suzuki MotoGP team, and in 2008 he switched to the works Ducati MotoGP team in the same role.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official MotoGP Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Results for the 125cc class, 1996 to 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Masao Azuma in April 2007

description: Japanese motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Masao Azuma

wikipedia_title: Masao Azuma


text:
lugal
Sumer
Kish
Sumerian king list
Adab
Lagash
suzerainty
ensi
city state
Umma
irrigation canal
Gu-Edin
Satarana
Mesannepada
Ur
Mesannepadda
Thorkild Jacobsen
History of Sumer

paragraph: Mesilim

paragraph: Mesilim, also spelled Mesalim (c. 2500 BC), was "lugal" (king) of the Sumerian city-state of Kish.

paragraph: Though his name is missing from the "Sumerian king list", Mesilim is among the earliest historical figures recorded in archaeological documents. He reigned some time in the "Early Dynastic III" period (c. 2500–2330 BC). Inscriptions from his reign state that he sponsored temple construction in both Adab and Lagash, where he apparently enjoyed some suzerainty.

paragraph: Mesilim is best known for having acted as mediator in a conflict between Lugal-sha-engur, his "ensi" in Lagash, and the neighboring rival city state of Umma, regarding the rights to use an irrigation canal through the plain of Gu-Edin on the border between the two. After asking the opinion of the god Satarana, Mesilim established a new border between Lagash and Umma, and erected a pillar to mark it, on which he wrote his final decision. This solution was not to be permanent; a later king of Umma, Ush, destroyed the pillar in an act of defiance.

paragraph: In the 1950s, Sumerologist E. Gordon reviewed the literary evidence and suggested a tentative theory that Mesilim and King Mesannepada of Ur, who later in his reign also assumed the title "King of Kish", were in fact one and the same. Both names are known elsewhere from a unique Mesopotamian proverb about the king whose temple was torn down. In Sumerian version, the proverb reads ""The E-babbar which Mesilim had built, Annane, the man whose seed was cut off, tore down."" E-babbar was the temple in Lagash, and Gordon took "Annane" to be a corruption of the name A-anne-pada, i.e. Mes-anne-pada's own son. The much later Akkadian proverb reads ""The temple which Mesannepadda had built, Nanna, whose seed was picked off, tore down"". However, Thorkild Jacobsen disputed this theory and reached the opposite conclusion, that Mesilim and Mesannepada were probably distinct, arguing that the Akkadian scribe did not recognise the name of Mesilim that was not on the kinglist, and simply substituted that of a name he knew from the list.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Sumer

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vojtech Zamarovský, "Na počiatku bol Sumer", Mladé letá, 1968 Bratislava

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plamen Rusev, "Mesalim, Lugal Na Kish: Politicheska Istoriia Na Ranen Shumer (XXVIII-XXVI V. Pr. N. E.), Faber, 2001" (LanguageBulgarian) [(Mesalim, Lugal of Kish. Political History of Early Sumer (XXVIII–XXVI century BC.)]

description: Sumerian king

wikidata_label: Mesilim

wikipedia_title: Mesilim


text: Taiwanese

text: singer-songwriter

text: Manchuria

text: Ann's official Facebook page

text: Ann's official Instagram page

text: Ann's official Weibo page

text: Ann's StreetVoice Channel

text: Ann's blog

categories: Musicians from Taipei,21st-century Taiwanese singers,21st-century women singers,Taiwanese female singers,1991 births,Living people

paragraph: Ann (singer)

paragraph: Ann (; born 27 September 1991) is a Taiwanese singer-songwriter. She released her debut album, "Catcher in the Rye", in 2012. She has been publishing her songs on the internet since 2008 and was later discovered and signed by B'in Music, a major record label in Taiwan. Her family is from Manchuria.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Catcher in the Rye" (麥田捕手), released 21 December 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What's Next?" (接下來是什麼), released 5 September 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1990s" , released 14 December 2018

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 金曲獎／新人獎競爭激烈！白安、艾怡良謝評審 家家激動落淚__娛樂新聞_Yes娛樂

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ann's official Facebook page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ann's official Instagram page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ann's official Weibo page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ann's StreetVoice Channel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ann's blog

description: Taiwanese singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Ann

wikipedia_title: Ann (singer)


text:
stage name
Swedish
niello
Warner Music
Sverigetopplistan

wikipedia_title:
Stage name
Sweden
Niello
Warner Music Group
Sverigetopplistan

categories: Swedish-language singers,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people),Swedish rappers

paragraph: Niello (rapper)

paragraph: Niklas Grahn, better known by his stage name Niello, is a Swedish rapper and electronic hip hop artist. His name derives from niello decoration made of mixture of copper, silver, and lead, and used as a weapon on engraved or etched metal. He is signed to Warner Music Sweden.

paragraph: Niello gained fame through his initial release, "Svett". "Legenden", released in June 2013 featuring Phantomen, garnered him great chart success, reaching Top 3 on Sverigetopplistan, the official Swedish Singles Chart.

paragraph: Section::::Links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile, posk.se; accessed 13 March 2018.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile, merinfo.se; accessed 13 March 2018.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile, ratsit.se; accessed 13 March 2018.

description: Swedish rapper

wikidata_label: Niello

wikipedia_title: Niello (rapper)


text:
Charborough
English
British House of Commons
Etchilhampton
heir apparent
Edward Ashe
Members of Parliament
baronetcy
Thomas Erle
Charborough House
1695 English general election
Member of Parliament
Devizes
1698 English general election
Wiltshire
Wareham
Heytesbury
1702 English general election
1705 English general election
Marlborough
1708 British general election
1713 British general election
1715 British general election
Portsmouth
1722
1727

wikipedia_title: Marlborough (UK Parliament constituency)

categories: People from Wiltshire,Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain,British MPs 1710–1713,English MPs 1701,English MPs 1695–1698,English MPs 1701–1702,English MPs 1698–1700,British MPs 1722–1727,1729 deaths,Baronets in the Baronetage of England,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,1673 births,English MPs 1702–1705,British MPs 1708–1710,British MPs 1715–1722

paragraph: Sir Edward Ernle, 3rd Baronet

paragraph: Sir Edward Ernle, 3rd Baronet (c. 1673 – 1729) of Charborough in Dorset, of Brimslade Park and Etchilhampton, both in Wiltshire, was an English Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1695 and 1729. He had mixed fortunes in finding or holding a seat and often depended on his father-in-law to bring him into his own seat at Wareham when a vacancy arose.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ernle was a younger son of Edward Ernle of Ashlington and Etchilhampton in Wiltshire (the eldest son and heir apparent of Sir Walter Ernle, 1st Baronet (–1682)) and his wife Anne Ashe, a daughter of Edward Ashe, MP, of Heytesbury, Wiltshire. Both his grandfathers were Members of Parliament. In 1690, he succeeded his brother, Walter, in the baronetcy. He married Frances Erle, the daughter and sole-heiress of General Thomas Erle (1650–1720), MP, of Charborough House, Dorset, by 1698 when he became a Whig.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: At the 1695 English general election, Ernle was returned as Member of Parliament for Devizes on his own interest. At the 1698 English general election he was returned unopposed as Whig MP for Wiltshire. He did not stand at the first general election of 1701, but it became a practice for him to be returned by his father in law as MP for Wareham at by-elections, and he was returned there for the first time on 5 March 1701. At the second general election on 1701, he was returned unopposed as MP for Heytesbury. He failed to find a seat at the 1702 English general election but was returned as MP for Wareham at a by-election on 22 February 1704. At the 1705 English general election he stood again for Wiltshire, but was defeated and no further opportunity at Wareham occurred. He was invited to stand for Marlborough at the 1708 British general election, but was dropped before the poll. He was then returned there as MP there at a contested by-election on 10 December 1708. He voted for naturalizing the Palatines in 1709 and for the impeachment of Dr Sacheverell in 1710. He could not find a seat in 1710, but was returned as MP for Wareham at a by-election on 13 December 1710. He did not stand at the 1713 British general election.

paragraph: At the 1715 British general election Ernle was returned by his father-in-law as MP for Portsmouth. He voted for the septennial bill in 1716, but went into opposition with Walpole in 1717. He voted against the repeal of the Occasional Conformity and Schism Acts and the peerage bill in 1719. In 1720, on the death of his father-in-law, he inherited the electoral interest at Wareham, and returned himself as MP for Wareham in 1722 and 1727.

paragraph: Section::::Death and succession.

paragraph: Ernle died on 31 January 1729, leaving two daughters. Without male progeny, he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his kinsman Sir Walter Ernle, 4th Baronet (1676–1732) of Chirton, Wiltshire.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: A portrait of Ernle exists.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Edward Ernle

wikipedia_title: Sir Edward Ernle, 3rd Baronet


text:
Brzeg
Polish
reggae
dancehall
third series
Mam talent!
Star Guard Muffin
EPs
Star Guard Muffin
third series
Mam talent!
Got Talent
Kurt Nilsen
Eric Clapton
Bob Marley
OLiS
Jamaica
Tuff Gong
Kingston
Dean Fraser
Capleton
The Tamlins
Shaggy's
Bitwa na głosy
TVP 2
OLiS

wikipedia_title:
Brzeg
Poland
Reggae
Dancehall
Mam talent! (series 3)
Mam talent!
Star Guard Muffin
Extended play
Star Guard Muffin
Mam talent! (series 3)
Mam talent!
Got Talent
Kurt Nilsen
Eric Clapton
Bob Marley
OLiS
Jamaica
Tuff Gong
Kingston, Jamaica
Dean Fraser
Capleton
The Tamlins
Shaggy (musician)
Bitwa na głosy
TVP2
OLiS

categories: Polish reggae musicians,Polish singer-songwriters,Polish reggae singers,Polish hip hop singers,Polish male singers,21st-century Polish singers,1991 births,Living people

paragraph: Kamil Bednarek

paragraph: Kamil Bednarek (born 10 May 1991 in Brzeg) is a Polish reggae and dancehall vocalist, songwriter, composer and musician. He is best known as the runner-up in the third series of Mam talent!.

paragraph: From 2008 to 2012, Bednarek was the lead singer of Star Guard Muffin, and with the band he released a studio album "Szanuj" (2010), which peaked at no. 1 in Poland, as well as two EPs. Since 2012, he's been the lead vocalist of a band named Bednarek, which released a number-one album "Jestem..." in November 2012.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Star Guard Muffin and breakthrough (2008–2011).

paragraph: Kamil Bednarek founded Star Guard Muffin with his friends in 2008. The band's debut concert was as a support for a Polish raggamuffin band EastWest Rockers. A year later Star Guard Muffin self-released a debut EP "Ziemia Obiecana" ("Promised Land").

paragraph: In 2010, Bednarek participated in the third series of Mam talent!, the Polish version of the Got Talent series. At the casting he performed a song "I" by Kurt Nilsen and impressed the judges. In the semi-final he sang Eric Clapton's "Tears in Heaven" and got to the final, where he placed 2nd after singing "Is This Love" by Bob Marley.

paragraph: Around the same time, on 19 November 2010, Star Guard Muffin released its debut full-length album "Szanuj". On the wave of Kamil's popularity, the album peaked at no. 1 on the Polish sales chart OLiS.

paragraph: In April 2011, the band went to Jamaica. They recorded an EP titled "Jamaican Trip" in the Tuff Gong studio in Kingston. The record features guest appearances by Dean Fraser, Earl "Chinna" Smith, Capleton, The Tamlins, musicians from Shaggy's band and others.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Bednarek (2012–present).

paragraph: At the beginning of 2012, Kamil Bednarek took part in the second season of the TV show "Bitwa na głosy", broadcast by TVP 2. The group of 16 vocalists from Brzeg, which was coached by him, won the show.

paragraph: In February 2012 it was announced that bassist Kuba Wojciechowski decided to leave Star Guard Muffin and the band was suspended. Kamil Bednarek decided to continue playing with keyboardist Radosław Szyszkowski and drummer Maciej Pilarz under the band name Bednarek, and the line-up was completed by guitarist Piotr Bielawski and bassist Piotr Stanclik. The band's studio album "Jestem...", released on 28 November 2012, debuted at no. 1 at OLiS chart and was certified platinum.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- kamilbednarek.pl

description: Polish singer

wikidata_label: Kamil Bednarek

wikipedia_title: Kamil Bednarek


text: Irish

text: Illustrator

text: Coleraine

text: Derry

text: Jane Austen

text: Charles Dickens

text: J. M. Barrie

text: Marcus Ward & Co

text: Belfast

text: Sidcup

text: World War I

text: Board of Trade

text: Wandsworth Common

text: London

text: The English Illustrated Magazine

text: Randolph Caldecott

text: Herbert Railton

text: William Shakespeare

text: Elizabeth Gaskell's

text: Cranford

text: Macmillans

text: Kegan Paul

text: Birmingham and Midland Institute

text: The Merry Wives of Windsor

text: Kate Greenaway

text: Fine Art Society

text: Scenes of Clerical Life

text: Silas Marner

text: British Museum

text: Victoria and Albert Museum

text: Quality Street

text: Daily News

text: Internet Archive

text: The English Illustrated Magazine

text: digital copy

text: digital copy

text: Cranford

text: digital copy

text: The Vicar of Wakefield

text: digital copy

text: digital copy

text: Our Village

text: digital copy

text: Pride and Prejudice

text: digital copy

text: digital copy

text: Emma

text: digital copy

text: Sense and Sensibility

text: digital copy

text: Mansfield Park

text: digital copy

text: Northanger Abbey

text: digital copy

text: Persuasion

text: digital copy

text: digital copy

text: digital copy

text: A Kentucky Cardinal

text: digital copy

text: The History of Henry Esmond

text: digital copy

text: Evelina

text: digital copy

text: Scenes of Clerical Life

text: digital copy

text: Silas Marner

text: digital copy

text: As You Like It

text: digital copy

text: Quality Street

text: digital copy

text: Tom Brown's Schooldays

text: digital copy

text: Spielmann, M. H.

text: "Hugh Thomson as a book illustrator."

text: Hugh Thomson collection

text: Mount Holyoke

text: Hugh Thomson collection

text: Works by Hugh Thomson in Flickr Commons

categories: 1920 deaths,1860 births,Irish illustrators

paragraph: Hugh Thomson

paragraph: Hugh Thomson (1 June 1860 – 7 May 1920) was an Irish Illustrator born at Coleraine near Derry. He is best known for his pen-and-ink illustrations of works by authors such as Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and J. M. Barrie.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hugh Thomson was born to tea merchant John Thomson (1822–1894) and shopkeeper Catherine (née Andrews) (d. 1871). He was the eldest of their three surviving children. Although he had no formal artistic training, as a young boy he would often fill his schoolbooks with drawings of horses, dogs, and ships. He attended Coleraine Model School, but left at the age of fourteen to work as a clerk at E. Gribbon & Sons, Linen Manufacturers. Several years later his artistic talents were discovered, and in 1877 he was hired by printing and publishing company Marcus Ward & Co.

paragraph: On 29 December 1884 Thomson married Jessie Naismith Miller in Belfast. Soon afterwards they moved back to London for Thomson's career. They had one son together, John, born in 1886.

paragraph: In 1911, he and his family moved to Sidcup, hoping to improve their "ever delicate health." Thomson's correspondence reflects the fact that he missed being close to the National Gallery and the museums where he usually compiled research for his illustrations. During World War I, demand for Thomson's work decreased to a few propaganda pamphlets and some commissions from friends. By 1917, Thomson had fallen on financial hardship and he had to take a job with the Board of Trade, where he worked until 1919.

paragraph: Thomson died of heart disease at his home in Wandsworth Common on 7 May 1920.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: At the age of 17, Thomson joined the art department at Marcus Ward & Co. There his mentor was John Vinycomb, head of the art department. Vinycomb and Thomson's cousin, Mrs. William H. Dodd, encouraged his artistic development during the first years of his career.

paragraph: Thomson's artistic ambitions led him to London in 1883 where he became a leading contributor "The English Illustrated Magazine". He first worked for the magazine with Randolph Caldecott on the 1885–86 issue, and later collaborated with Herbert Railton on the 1887–88 issue. His style at the time is said to be in the "straight tradition of Caldecott."

paragraph: Thomson also gained praise and influenced many young artists through his book illustrations. He notably illustrated editions of William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and Charles Dickens. His illustrations for Elizabeth Gaskell's "Cranford" (1891) inspired a slew of publishers to produce a series of gift books in a similar style ("crown octavo with three edges gilt, bound in dark green cloth, front and spine heavily stamped in gold"). Between 1886 and 1900, he illustrated a set of small classics for Macmillans and Kegan Paul. Much of his work during that period consisted of elaborately illustrated gift books and reprints of popular classics. Thomson's most popular illustrations were "fine line drawing of rural characters and gentle countrified society."

paragraph: His works were featured in a number of exhibitions during his lifetime, including an 1899 exhibit at the Birmingham and Midland Institute and a 1910 exhibit of his watercolor drawings for Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor at The Leicester Galleries in London. His illustrations were also featured in an 1891 exhibit with fellow illustrator Kate Greenaway at the Fine Art Society.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Methods.

paragraph: Thomson is best known for his pen-and-ink illustrations. He prepared most of his work in black and white until the early years of the 20th century, but would sometimes tint pieces for exhibits. The earliest known example of this was for the 1899 Birmingham and Midland Institute exhibition, where he colored the "Cranford" illustrations he had first drawn eight years earlier. Throughout his career Thomson occasionally dabbled with watercolors, but only used color in his illustrations in response to his publishers' demand. His first book illustrations prepared and printed fully in color were for the last two books in the "Cranford" series, "Scenes of Clerical Life" (1906) and "Silas Marner" (1907).

paragraph: When working on a new illustration, Thomson would research his subject in the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum. He would often take detailed notes on costumes, furniture, old prints, and architectural records. His attention to detail can be seen in his sketchbooks, which include pages devoted to the changing styles of ladies' bonnets and descriptions of "the details of a cavalry officer's regimentals, together with a series of studies of how such an officer would hold the reins of his mount." When illustrating a series of pieces set in the same location, Thomson would maintain the details of each room, hallway, or facade, drawing them from different angles throughout the publication.

paragraph: Thomson was often praised for his ability to "project himself into a story." Much of his work has become inseparable from the publications themselves. Such is the case with his illustrations for "Pride and Prejudice" and the other Austen novels. When J. M. Barrie's "Quality Street" was published with Thomson's illustrations in 1913, the art critic for the "Daily News" stated, "The Barrie-Thomson combination is as perfect in its way as that of Gilbert and Sullivan."

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: In total, Thomson illustrated sixty-five books and contributed a large number of illustrations to magazines and other periodicals. The following list of publications includes a number of his works. External links lead to digitized copies on Internet Archive unless otherwise noted.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Illustrations in "The English Illustrated Magazine" (first appeared in the 1885–86 issue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Days with Sir Roger De Coverley" (1886) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coaching Days and Coaching Ways" (1888) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cranford" (1891) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Vicar of Wakefield" (1891) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ballad of Beau Brocade" (1892) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Village" (1893) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pride and Prejudice" (1894) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Story of Rosina and other Verses" (1895) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Emma" (1896) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sense and Sensibility" (1896) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mansfield Park" (1897) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Northanger Abbey" (1898) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Persuasion" (1898) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Illustrated Fairy Books" (1898)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Illustrations for twelve volumes in the "Highways and Byways" series, including "Donegal and Antrim" (1899) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peg Woffington" (1899) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Kentucky Cardinal" (1901) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The History of Henry Esmond" (1905) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Illustrations for eleven of the twenty-four volumes in the Cranford series (gift books), including "Evelina" (1903) digital copy, "Scenes of Clerical Life" (1906) digital copy, and "Silas Marner" (1907) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "As You Like It" (1909) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quality Street" (1913) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tom Brown's Schooldays" (1918) digital copy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Irish Horse Fair"

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spielmann, M. H. and W. C. Jerrold. "Hugh Thomson: his art, his letters, his humour and his charm." London: A. & C. Black, 1931. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fitzpatrick, Olivia, and Debby Shorley. "Illustrated by Hugh Thomson, 1860–1920." Library, University of Ulster at Belfast, 1989. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hugh Thomson as a book illustrator." Victorian Web.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh Thomson collection at Mount Holyoke Special Collections

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh Thomson collection at Coleraine Museum Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh Thomson Illustration Collection: Online Exhibition on YouTube.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works by Hugh Thomson in Flickr Commons

description: Irish Illustrator

wikidata_label: Hugh Thomson

wikipedia_title: Hugh Thomson


text:
Order of Santiago
Moguer, Spain
Catholic Monarchs
Cape St. Augustine
Seville, Spain
Cape of Good Hope
Hispaniola
Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres
Francisco Pizzaro

paragraph: Alonso Vélez de Mendoza

paragraph: Commander Alonso Vélez de Mendoza of the Order of Santiago was born in Moguer, Spain in the late 15th century. On June 6, 1499, he obtained a license from the Catholic Monarchs to sail to the Indies, which authorized him to take four caravels, although ultimately he only chartered two. They were supposed to head north to start the exploration of the coast of North America, or perhaps to enter into the competition of the Brazilian exploration.

paragraph: By October 1500, they successfully passed south of Cape St. Augustine, which was the first time that a Spanish ship succeeded. He continued descending until he reached a river called Cervutos. Later it was realized his discoveries had a double consequence.

paragraph: BULLET::::- On one hand, he demonstrated that the end of St. Augustine was not an island but actually belonged to a continent and that, on having extended on the south, it was entering the Portuguese jurisdiction.

paragraph: BULLET::::- However, having sailed towards the south, and to verify that the coast was going towards the south-west, it was discovered that the grounds were again inside the Spanish demarcation (district) opening a wide horizon of opportunities for exploration.

paragraph: In May 1501, they finally returned to Seville, Spain with Brazilian slaves, although without finding the southern tip of the continent which they had expected to be at the same latitude as the Cape of Good Hope

paragraph: On February 15, 1502, Alonso Vélez de Mendoza earned a capitulation which allowed him to settle in Hispaniola with fifty settlers and their families, in order to create a new population. There was a fleet of thirty other ships carrying 2,500 colonists that arrived in Hispaniola the same year. This included the arrival of Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres, the new Spanish Governor of Hispaniola, along with the conquistador Francisco Pizzaro. It is believed that Alonso died at the end of 1511.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ROPERO-REGIDOR, Diego, Los lugares colombinos y su entorno. Fundación Ramón Areces, Madrid, 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ROPERO-REGIDOR, Diego, Moguer y América en la era de los descubrimientos. Col. "Biblioteca Nueva Urium", nº 2. Archivo Histórico Municipal; Fundación Municipal Cultura, Moguer, 2003. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- FERNÁNDEZ VIAL, Ignacio, Los marinos descubridores onubenses. Diputación Provincial de Huelva, Huelva, 2004. .

wikidata_label: Alonso Vélez de Mendoza

wikipedia_title: Alonso Vélez de Mendoza


text:
ska-punk
bands
New York City
Choking Victim
Leftöver Crack
Wu-Tang Clan
Supreme Alphabet
Five Percent Nation
Jewish
suicide
Alec Baillie
Choking Victim
Leftöver Crack
Ezra Kire
Mischief Brew
Smash The Windows
Crack Rock Steady Seven
The Infested
Europe
Mexico City
Niño Zombi
Citizen Fish
Star Fucking Hipsters
Fat Wreck Chords
Alternative Tentacles
Leftöver Crack
Avenue C
C-Squat
vegetarian
No Gods, No Managers
Mediocre Generica
Fuck World Trade
Constructs of the State
Until We're Dead
Never Rest in Peace
From the Dumpster to the Grave
Citizen Fish
Fat Wreck Chords
Deadline (split album)
Fat Wreck Chords
Alternative Tentacles
Hellcat Records
Hellcat Records
Go Kart Records
A-F Records
A-F Records
Non Commercial
Last False Hope
Sexy Baby Records
Loren Cass
Chewing On Tinfoil
LeftoverCrack.org
LoC Myspace
Star Fucking Hipsters Myspace
STZA Live At Punk Island, 2011
Lengthy interview with Stza, 2011

categories: Anarcho-punk musicians,1976 births,American people of Jewish descent,American punk rock musicians,Living people

paragraph: Stza

paragraph: Scott Sturgeon, also known as Stza Crack ( ; born March 4, 1976), is a musician who has fronted several ska-punk bands in the New York City area, the best known being Choking Victim and Leftöver Crack. The stage name Stza is a tribute to the Wu-Tang Clan, in which the members would take their stage names from the Supreme Alphabet of the Five Percent Nation, such as GZA (God ZigZagZig Allah) and RZA (Ruler ZigZagZig Allah) - Stza's name would therefore be "Self Truth ZigZagZig Allah".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Stza was raised in New York by his mother, who he classified as an "over-protective Jewish mom". He rarely saw his biological father, and his stepfather committed suicide. As a teenager, he dropped out of high school, ran away from home and began riding freight trains. Since the age of 16, Stza has been arrested several times, mainly for shoplifting.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: In 1990, Stza and a friend of his, Alec Baillie, formed No Commercial Value, which later evolved into Choking Victim and then again into Leftöver Crack. Although many members of these bands have come and gone, Stza remained a constant figure, writing the vast majority of the lyrics and music and becoming the bands' self-appointed spokesperson. Stza is also associated with the band Morning Glory through Leftöver Crack member, Ezra Kire. In 2005, he collaborated with Mischief Brew on a song for their first full-length album, Smash The Windows.

paragraph: In 2005, he played solo (doing acoustic shows) and in a new band, Crack Rock Steady Seven, featuring members of The Infested in Europe. 2006 saw him in Mexico City forming another regional Crack Rocksteady Seven, the CRS7mx featuring members of Niño Zombi. In the fall of 2006 he returned to the United States and toured with Leftöver Crack, their tour with Citizen Fish was dubbed Cracktoberfest 2006. Most recently Stza has been involved in the creation of another punk/ska band, this time with members of Casa de Chihuahua, The Slackers, and The Degenerics (Nico do Gaillo, Ara Babajian and Frank Piegaro respectively) called "Star Fucking Hipsters". Star Fucking Hipsters' debut album was released September 30, 2008 on the Fat Wreck Chords label. Their second album, "Never Rest In Peace", was released on October 20, 2009 on the Alternative Tentacles label. Their new album, titled "From the Dumpster to the Grave" was released on October 11, 2011 on Fat Wreck Chords during a record release show at Europa in Brooklyn, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Stza, along with other members of Leftöver Crack, has at times resided at 155 Avenue C, better known as C-Squat. He is a vegetarian.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Full lengths.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Choking Victim

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No Gods, No Managers" - (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Leftover Crack

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mediocre Generica" - (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fuck World Trade" - (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Constructs of the State" - (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Star Fucking Hipsters

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Until We're Dead" - (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Never Rest in Peace" - (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From the Dumpster to the Grave" - (2011)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rock the 40 Oz." - (May 8, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shoot the Kids at School" - (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" - (July 16, 2004)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Splits.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baby Jesus Sliced Up in the Manger" (as the Crack Rock Steady 7, with F-Minus), HellBent Records, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Leftover Crack / Citizen Fish Split 7"" (with Citizen Fish), Fat Wreck Chords, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deadline (split album) (with Citizen Fish), Fat Wreck Chords, March 6, 2007. (LP on Alternative Tentacles)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Give 'Em the Boot II", (Crack City Rockers[Demo]) Hellcat Records, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Punk Rawk Explosion 6", (Nazi White Trash), ?, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Give 'Em the Boot III", (Atheist Anthem) Hellcat Records, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Go Kart vs. the Corporate Giant Vol. 3", (Rock The 40oz) Go Kart Records, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2003 Sampler", (So Ya Wanna Be A Cop) A-F Records, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fueling the Flames of Revolution Vol. 3", (One Dead Cop) A-F Records, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Against Police Injustice",(Operation:MOVE, Super Tuesday[Demo]) Non Commercial, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mass Destruction", (Muppet N.A.M.B.L.A) BANKSHOT! Records, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Riot Ska", (Drug Song, Nobody Is Free) Beer Records, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Kids Are Gonna Pay" (Look Who's Talking Now) with F-Minus, Morning Glory & Bent Outta Shape, Blacknoise Records, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sexy Babies Across the Wasteland" (Guest Vocals with Last False Hope) – 2012, Sexy Baby Records.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Live.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Straight Outta' Naples"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Live C-Squat 3/31/01"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "live at the stage @ Arnhem, Holland"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Bootlegs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Fuck World Trade" (demo)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Loren Cass (Gotham Award nomination)

paragraph: Section::::Seen On.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Couple More Things While I Have You There Now",Chewing On Tinfoil, 2013

paragraph: Section::::Related links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- LeftoverCrack.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- LoC Myspace

paragraph: BULLET::::- Star Fucking Hipsters Myspace

paragraph: BULLET::::- STZA Live At Punk Island, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lengthy interview with Stza, 2011

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Stza

wikipedia_title: Stza


text:
glass artist
Centre College
Danville
murrine
Birmingham, Alabama
Master of Fine Arts
Ceramics
Louisiana State University
LSU
Corning Glass
Harrodsburg
Somerset, KY

categories: Louisiana State University alumni,Centre College alumni,People from Danville, Kentucky,Glass artists,1951 births,Artists from Birmingham, Alabama

paragraph: Stephen Rolfe Powell

paragraph: Stephen Rolfe Powell was an American glass artist based at Centre College in the central Kentucky town of Danville, who created elaborately colored three-foot glass vessels incorporating murrine.

paragraph: Stephen Rolfe Powell died on March 16, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Powell was born in 1951 in Birmingham, Alabama, and was raised there. After receiving a Bachelor of Arts in Painting and Ceramics at Centre College, Powell went on to earn a Master of Fine Arts in Ceramics at Louisiana State University.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: While at LSU, between 1980 and 1983, Powell had his first experience in glass blowing.

paragraph: Powell was hired by Centre College in 1983 to teach ceramics and sculpture. By 1985, thanks in part to Corning Glass in Harrodsburg, Philips Lighting in Danville, and Corhart in Louisville, he had built a glass studio and founded Centre's glass program. In 1997, in Somerset, KY, Powell designed and completed a new, state-of-the-art glass studio, which Centre opened as part of their new Visual Arts Center in January 1998.

paragraph: Powell was honored with Kentucky's "Teacher of the Year" award in both 1999 and 2000. In 2004 he was presented with the Acorn Award by the Kentucky Council on Post-secondary Education. Also in 2004, Powell and Centre College hosted Lino Tagliapietra to grant him the Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree. Powell also co-produced "Lino Tagliapietra: Glass Maestro."

description: American glass artist

wikidata_label: Stephen Rolfe Powell

wikipedia_title: Stephen Rolfe Powell


text: French Canadian

text: Moses Hazen

text: 2nd Canadian Regiment

text: Continental Army

text: American Revolutionary War

text: Battle of Quebec

text: Sainte-Famille

text: Île d'Orléans

text: Quebec

text: British invasion of 1759

text: attack on Quebec City

text: James Livingston

text: 1st Canadian Regiment

text: Moses Hazen

text: 2nd Canadian Regiment

text: Battle of Saint-Pierre

text: Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu

text: Moses Hazen

text: New Hampshire Grants

text: Vermont

text: Bayley-Hazen Military Road

text: Fishkill

text: West Point

text: Yorktown

text: Siege of Yorktown

text: Lancaster

text: Chazy

text: General von Steuben

text: Newburg, New York

text: Society of the Cincinnati

text: Saint-Hyacinthe

text: Lower Canada

text: Sainte-Marguerite-de-Blairfindie

text: Saint-Luc

text: Clinton County, New York

text: Beekmantown

text: CBC Television

text: Canadian TV Series speaking about him

categories: Continental Army officers from Canada,French Quebecers,1816 deaths,People of pre-Confederation Canada,1747 births,French Canadians in the American Revolution

paragraph: Clément Gosselin

paragraph: Clément Gosselin (June 12, 1747 – March 9, 1816) was a French Canadian soldier who served in Moses Hazen's 2nd Canadian Regiment of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He recruited other French Canadians, assisted in American operations during and after the Battle of Quebec, and, following the American retreat from Quebec in 1776, continued to serve in Hazen's regiment. Included in that service were spy missions to the province of Quebec.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Clément Gosselin was born in 1747. He was the youngest of a large family living in Sainte-Famille, on the eastern side of Île d'Orléans east of the city of Quebec. At the time of the British invasion of 1759 Gosselin was twelve years old.

paragraph: Section::::American Revolutionary War.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gosselin participated in the American attack on Quebec City on December 31, 1775, probably serving in James Livingston's 1st Canadian Regiment.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In March 1776 Gosselin joined Moses Hazen's 2nd Canadian Regiment as the Captain of the 7th Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He took part in the Battle of Saint-Pierre on March 25, 1776, when 150 pro-American Canadians and 80 Americans defeated 150 pro-British Canadians recruited by Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu.

paragraph: BULLET::::- When the Continental Army retreated from Quebec in May 1776, Gosselin went into hiding in Canada, not reappearing until August 1777, 15 months later.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was taken prisoner by the British in October 1777 and released eight months later in June 1778.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In May 1778, he rejoined Hazen's regiment with his father-in-law, Germain Dionne, and his older brother, Louis Gosselin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- On November 28, 1778, Gosselin, following a spy mission to Quebec, sent a report on the state of the British force in Canada to Washington.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In April 1779, he went with Moses Hazen to build a proposed invasion route from the "Coos Country" of northern New Hampshire (then part of the disputed New Hampshire Grants, which eventually became the state of Vermont) into Canada. Known as the Bayley-Hazen Military Road, it was never completed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1780, his regiment was sent to Albany to guard the frontier from Iroquois attack.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In June 1781, he was in Fishkill east of the Hudson River, just below West Point. There his regiment received orders to proceed to Yorktown in the south.

paragraph: BULLET::::- On October 4, 1781, he was severely wounded in the leg during the Siege of Yorktown, due to wood splinters sent flying by a cannonball.

paragraph: Section::::After the war.

paragraph: In January 1782 Clément was stationed in Lancaster, Pennsylvania to guard prisoners captured at Yorktown. In 1783 he was discharged and given a Major's pension. He was also given a land grant of 1000 acres at Chazy, near Lake Champlain in New York state.

paragraph: He was with General von Steuben in Newburg, New York, to receive his membership in The Society of the Cincinnati.

paragraph: He moved to Saint-Hyacinthe, Lower Canada in early 1791, where he married his third wife, Marie Catherine Monty on May 12 of that year; Marie Catherine was the daughter of one of the Lieutenants, Francois Monty, who had served under him in Hazen's Regiment. He then moved to Sainte-Marguerite-de-Blairfindie around 1800 and then to Saint-Luc in 1803. From 1815 on, Gosselin was living in Clinton County, New York until his death in Beekmantown.

paragraph: Section::::Media.

paragraph: Gosselin was featured in the CBC Television series "" as one of a number of French-Canadians who not only sympathized with the American cause, but was willing to fight for them against the British.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography from the Gosselin Family Web site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography from Henri Gosselin, related to Clément

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Washington Letters, containing letters from Gosselin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clément Gosselin home on Lake Champlain after the war

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian TV Series speaking about him

description: American spy

wikidata_label: Clément Gosselin

wikipedia_title: Clément Gosselin


text:
Spanish
entomologist
Pozuelo de Calatrava
Ciudad Real
Spain
Madrilenian
Moral Calatrava
Toledo
Jaén
Pycnogaster graellsi
orthoptera
Bradyporinae
Ignacio Bolivar Urrutia
Almagro
reptile
amphibian
Museum of Ciudad Real
Archena
Murcia
Entrevista a José María de la Fuente

categories: 1932 deaths,1855 births,Spanish entomologists

paragraph: José María Hugo de la Fuente Morales

paragraph: José María Hugo de la Fuente Morales (1 April 1855 – 21 June 1932) was a Spanish entomologist. Born in Pozuelo de Calatrava (Ciudad Real), Spain, son of the Madrilenian doctor Ildefonso de la Fuente Villanueva and Pozuelo de Calatrava native Anastasia Ramona Morales Hornero, he was the second of nine children, of whom only four reached adulthood.

paragraph: He began training as a priest by studying Latin in Moral Calatrava, and completed his studies in the seminaries of Toledo and Jaén. During breaks in these studies, he sent an insect, identified by him as "Pycnogaster graellsi" (an orthopteran in the subfamily "Bradyporinae"), to Ignacio Bolivar Urrutia, professor of entomology at the . Urrutia, after confirming Morales's accurate identification, sent him three trays of insects to encourage him in his investigations and to identify new species that he might find. That excited the scientific sense of the young seminarist, and so started him on the path which led to his becoming one of the European leaders in entomology.

paragraph: He was a priest in Ciudad Real in 1879, and he moved to Almagro in 1888. There he dedicated himself to adding to his collection of reptiles and amphibians and composed a booklet of poetry that is conserved in the Museum of Ciudad Real. After about a year in Ciudad Real he became co-assistant of the parish of San Bartholomew between 1890 and 1891. Finally he fulfilled his great desire, expressed in his poetry, to return as a priest to his town, Pozuelo de Calatrava, where he was assigned permanently. He began intensive entomological activity, for which he learned different languages in order to understand the specialized bibliography. There he also completed an important library specializing in entomology of more than four hundred volumes in several languages and an important collection of insects that is also conserved with other works in the Museum of Ciudad Real.

paragraph: Two years later, the arrived in Pozuelo to begin a collaboration. The first communication appeared in the "Actas" of 1893, with the description of two new species of "Orthoptera". A visit to the bath of Archena in Murcia because of his rheumatism led to his discovery of a great number of new species. In 1897, he began to publish "Datos para la fauna de la provincia de Ciudad Real".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catálogo sistemático-geográfico de los coleópteros observados en la Península Ibérica, Pirineos propiamente dichos y Baleares" (1918–1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tablas analíticas para la clasificación de los coleópteros de la Península Ibérica". Barcelona: Imprenta Altés, 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La fauna de la provincia de Ciudad Real Ciudad Real": Tipografía del Hospicio Provincial, 1929.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miguel Sánchez Caminero, José María de la Fuente 1855-2005. 150 aniversario del nacimiento del "Cura de los bichos". Ciudad Real: Diputación Provincial, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Translated from Spanish Wikipedia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entrevista a José María de la Fuente

alias:
Jose Maria Hugo de la Fuente Morales
José María de la Fuente Morales

description: Spanish entomologist

wikidata_label: José María Hugo de la Fuente Morales

wikipedia_title: José María Hugo de la Fuente Morales


text:
laqab
Persian
Power
Buyid
Fars
Iraq
Baha' al-Dawla
Baghdad
Power
Shiraz
Abbasid
caliph
Jalal al-Dawla
Qawam al-Dawla
Basra
Kerman
Persia
Ahvaz
Mosul
Ghaznavids
Turkish
Daylamite
Musharrif al-Dawla
Abu Kalijar

categories: 993 births,11th-century rulers in Asia,Buyid dynasty,1024 deaths

paragraph: Sultan al-Dawla

paragraph: Abu Shuja (; 993 – December 1024), better known by his "laqab" of Sultan al-Dawla (Persian: سلطان الدوله, "Power of the Dynasty"), was the Buyid amir of Fars (1012–1024) and Iraq (1012–1021). He was the son of Baha' al-Dawla.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Abu Shuja lived in Baghdad during his youth. Shortly before Baha' al-Dawla's death, he named Abu Shuja as his successor. Upon succeeding his father, he took the title Sultan al-Dawla wa 'Izz al-Milla ("Power of the Dynasty and Glory of the Community"). Travelling to his father's capital in Shiraz, he did seek for the traditional investiture by the Abbasid caliph, but instead had the required materials sent to him. He entrusted his oldest brothers Jalal al-Dawla and Qawam al-Dawla with the governorships of Basra and Kerman, respectively. He stayed in Persia for a long time; when he returned to Iraq three years later, he only went to Ahvaz to meet with his governor.

paragraph: In 1018 Sultan al-Dawla again came to Iraq, in an attempt to maintain friendly terms with the neighboring Amirate of Mosul. Qawam al-Dawla, taking advantage of his brother's presence in the west, invaded Fars with the support of the Ghaznavids. The attack failed, Qawam al-Dawla's marked the division of the Buyid state. After repulsing Qawam al-Dawla's attack, Sultan al-Dawla returned to Iraq in order to solidify his rule there. The marchlands of the region, which had long resisted Buyid authority, were finally subjugated.

paragraph: The Turkish mercenaries, however, became discontented over the presence Sultan al-Dawla's Daylamite troops. They therefore raised a brother of the amir, Musharrif al-Dawla, as their ruler in 1021. After a long series of negotiations, Sultan al-Dawla recognized his brother as "King of Iraq", in exchange for the latter's submission as a vassal. Sultan al-Dawla, however, wanted to retain direct rule over the region, and he invaded with his army. His defeat by Musharrif al-Dawla's forces put an end to this plan, and Iraq became fully independent. The concept of the senior amir temporarily died; each region of the Buyid state was now ruled independently of one another. Having overseen the fragmentation of the Buyids, Sultan al-Dawla died in Shiraz in December 1024. He was succeeded in Fars by his son Abu Kalijar.

description: Buyid amir of Fars Province

wikidata_label: Sultan al-Dawla

wikipedia_title: Sultan al-Dawla


text:
Middle Persian
Iranian
Karen family
wuzurg framadār
Sasanian
shah
Kavad I
Khosrow I
spahbed
Khwarasan
Hormizd IV
Persian
Arabic
Shahnameh
Borzuya
New Persian
Arabic
Ferdowsi
Shahnameh
Mihr
theophoric name
Karenids
patronymic
Sukhra
House of Karen
Seven Great Houses of Iran
Arsacid
Karen
Pishdadian
Manuchehr
Nihavand
Media
Peroz I
battle of Herat
de facto
Kavad I
Tabaristan
Zabulistan
Ctesiphon
Mazdak
Jamasp
wuzurg framadār
argbed
Shahnameh
al-Tha'alibi
al-Masudi
Murūj al-Dhahab
Khosrow I
spahbed
kust
Khorasan
Khwarasan
Hormizd IV
aspbed
Ferdinand Justi
al-Masudi
al-Tha'alibi
Adhar Valash
Tabaristan
Gorgan
Yazdegerd III
Valash
Middle Persian treatises
Vettius Valens
New Persian
Avicenna

categories: Khosrow I,Shahnameh characters,Spahbeds,People executed by the Sasanian Empire,Year of birth missing,6th-century Iranian people,5th-century Iranian people,House of Karen,6th-century deaths

paragraph: Bozorgmehr

paragraph: Bozorgmehr-e Bokhtagan (Middle Persian: "Wuzurgmihr ī Bōkhtagān"), also known as Burzmihr, Dadmihr and Dadburzmihr, was an Iranian nobleman from the Karen family, who served as minister ("wuzurg framadār") of the Sasanian king (shah) Kavad I (), and the latter son and successor Khosrow I (). He also served as the military commander ("spahbed") of Khwarasan under Khosrow I and his successor Hormizd IV (). According to Persian and Arabic sources, Bozorgmehr was a man of "exceptional wisdom and sage counsels" and later became a characterisation of the expression. His name appears in several important works in Persian literature, most notably in the Shahnameh ("The Book of Kings"). The historian Arthur Christensen has suggested that Bozorgmehr was the same person as Borzuya, but historigraphical studies of post-Sasanian Persian literature, as well as linguistic analysis show otherwise. However, the word "Borzuya" can sometimes be considered a shortened form of Bozorgmehr.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: The name of the "Bozorgmehr" is the New Persian variant of Middle Persian "Wuzurgmihr ī Bōkhtagān", which was later transformed in Arabic as "Abūzarjmehr", "Bozorjmehr", or "Būzorjmehr". The last variant was used by Ferdowsi in the Shahnameh. Etymologically the latter is a corruption of "Burzmihr" or "Dād-Burzmihr", also reported as "Zarmihr". Its proper version was "Dādburzmihr", with "Būrzūmihr" being the original variant in ancient engravings. The name is attested as "Dadburzmihr" ("given by the high Mihr") in a seal, a theophoric name that emphasizes the Mihr worship of Bozorgmehrs clan, the Karenids. The "-i Bōkhtagān" suffix is a patronymic name meaning "son of Bokhtagan", a title held by Bozorgmehrs father.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Bozorgmehr is first mentioned in 498, as one of the nine sons of the powerful nobleman Sukhra. He belonged to the House of Karen, one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran, which was descended from the Arsacid prince Karen. The Karen family claimed descent from the legendary Pishdadian shah Manuchehr, and were based in Nihavand in Media. After the defeat and death of the Sasanian shah Peroz I () at the battle of Herat, Sukhra became the "de facto" ruler of Iran. He was eventually defeated and executed by Kavad I, which resulted in the Karen family being heavily weakened, with many of its members being exiled to the regions of Tabaristan and Zabulistan, which was away from the Sasanian court in Ctesiphon. In 496, Kavad I was deposed and imprisoned due to his support of the Mazdakite movement, and also for having Sukhra executed.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After Kavad I had reclaimed the Sasanian throne from his younger brother Jamasp in 498, he appointed Bozorgmehr as his minister ("wuzurg framadār"). During his tenure, Bozorgmehr persuaded Kavad to stop taxation on fruits and grain from the peasantry. An early reference to Bozorgmehr is found in the "Aydāgār ī Wuzurgmihr", in which he is called an "argbed"—a high-ranking title in the Sasanian and Parthian periods. Among other sources, later mention of him is made in the Shahnameh ("The Book of Kings") and in al-Tha'alibi’s "Ghurar" and al-Masudi’s "Murūj al-Dhahab". During the reign of Kavad I's son and successor, Khosrow I (), Bozorgmehr continued his tenure as minister of the shah. He further rose to prominence after being appointed as military commander ("spahbed") of the "kust" (frontier region) of Khorasan (Khwarasan) by Khosrow I, who reportedly regretted Kavad I's approach to the family.

paragraph: During the reign of Khosrow I's son Hormizd IV (), Bozorgmehr continued to serve as "spahbed" of the Khorasan. Two seals of Bozorgmehr has been found; both of them whom Bozorgmehr emphasizes his Parthian ancestry by claiming to be a Parthian "aspbed". According to Ferdinand Justi, Bozorgmehr was later executed by the order of Hormizd IV. His execution probably lead to the legendary story of the royal resentment reported in various versions by al-Masudi, Ferdowsi, and al-Tha'alibi. The versions of Ferdowsi and al-Tha'alibi, which link Bozorgmehr with the reign of Khosrow I, he was reportedly pardoned by the shah, who was well-known for his fairness. In the version of al-Masudi, Bozorgmehr was linked with the reign of Khosrow II, where no mention of his execution is made.

paragraph: Bozorgmehrs descendants continued to remain active in Iran, with one of them, Adhar Valash, ruling Tabaristan and Gorgan under the last Sasanian shah, Yazdegerd III (). His grandson, Valash, ruled Tabaristan from 665 to 673.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Several Middle Persian treatises were written by Bozorgmehr. Most famous is the "Wizārišn ī čatrang" (""Treatise on Chess""), also known as the "Chatrang Nama" (""Book of Chess""). As well as; "Ayādgār ī Wuzurgmihr ī Bōxtagān", "Ketāb al-Zabarj" (the original version a commentary on Vettius Valens’s "Astrologica"), "Ketāb Mehrāzād Jošnas" (""Book of Mehrāḏar Jošnas"") and the "Ẓafar-nāma" ("Book of Victory", a book written in Middle Persian, that was translated into New Persian by Avicenna.

description: Iranian nobleman

wikidata_label: Bozorgmehr

wikipedia_title: Bozorgmehr


text:
Vernet
Orléans
Palace at Fontainebleau
Revolution
Robespierre
Jacobins
Revolutionary Tribunal
9th Thermidor

categories: Artists from Paris,1753 births,French male painters,French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution,1795 deaths,Jacobins,People of the Reign of Terror,18th-century French painters

paragraph: Claude-Louis Châtelet

paragraph: Claude-Louis Châtelet, a French painter, was born in Paris in 1753. He produced Swiss views, sea-pieces, and pastoral scenes in the style of Vernet. Examples of his work are in the Orléans Museum, the Palace at Fontainebleau, and the Cottier Collection. He embraced with ardour the cause of the Revolution, allied himself with Robespierre and the leaders of the Jacobins, and became a member of the Revolutionary Tribunal. He was arrested some months after the 9th Thermidor, tried, condemned, and executed in Paris, May 7, 1795.

alias:
Claude-Louis Chastelet
Claude Louis Chatelet
Claude Louis Chastelet
Claude Louis Duchatelet
Claude-Louis Chatelet
M. Chatelet
Chatelat
Chatellet
Chatelet
Duchatelet
Chastelet
N. Chaletet
M. Chatellet
Chatelelt
N. Chatelet

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Claude-Louis Châtelet

wikipedia_title: Claude-Louis Châtelet


text:
American football
running back
undrafted free agent
Washington Redskins
college football
Michigan Wolverines football
Trotwood, Ohio
Roy Roundtree
Trotwood-Madison High School
National Football League
Maurice Douglass
Rivals.com
Scout.com
ESPN
Michigan Wolverines football
2008 Michigan Wolverines football team
2009 Wolverines
2008 Wolverine season
Miami (OH)
UMass
Illinois
yards from scrimmage
Western Michigan
undrafted free agent
Washington Redskins
Official bio at Michigan
Shaw
CBS Sports
Shaw
ESPN.com
Shaw
NCAA

categories: Michigan Wolverines men's track and field athletes,Washington Redskins players,Michigan Wolverines football players,Players of American football from Ohio,1989 births,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Michael Shaw (American football)

paragraph: Michael Shaw (born November 24, 1989) is a former American football running back. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by Washington Redskins in 2012. He played college football for the Michigan Wolverines football team.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Shaw was raised and played high school football in Trotwood, Ohio. He played high school football with Roy Roundtree at Trotwood-Madison High School where his coach was longtime National Football League veteran Maurice Douglass. In high school, he was ranked as the nation's seventh-best, 29th-best and 58th-best running back recruit according to Rivals.com, Scout.com and ESPN respectively. He was rated as the sixth-best player in the state of Ohio by Rivals.com.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Shaw was a running back for the Michigan Wolverines football team. As a freshman for the 2008 Michigan Wolverines football team, Shaw started two games and totaled 215 yards on 42 carries. As a sophomore for the 2009 Wolverines, Shaw started four games, and he appeared in nine games for Michigan, rushing for 185 yards on 42 carries for an average of 4.4 yards per carry. That season, he, Roundtree and Trotwood-Madison teammate Brandon Moore were roommates. During the first game of the 2008 Wolverine season, Shaw recorded his first career touchdown against Miami (OH) on September 6, 2008.

paragraph: During the regular season in 2010, Shaw ranked second among Michigan's running backs with 383 rushing yards on 71 carries for an average of 5.4 yards per carry. He had nine rushing touchdowns in 2010, including three in a single game against both UMass and Illinois. Against Illinois, he scored two overtime touchdowns including the game-winning touchdown in the third overtime. Against UMass, he recorded a career-high 126 yards rushing and 133 yards from scrimmage.

paragraph: During the 2011 season, Shaw rushed for 54 yards and a touchdown in Michigan's season opener against Western Michigan. He carried the ball only three times for zero net yards in Michigan's second and third games during the 2011 season. He did not play in Michigan's fourth game against San Diego State. He returned to the lineup against Minnesota, gaining 61 yards and scoring a touchdown on eight carries. For the 2011 regular season, Shaw rushed for 214 yards and three touchdowns.

paragraph: During his career at Michigan, Shaw carried the ball 90 times, rushing for 1,001 yards and 14 touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.

paragraph: Shaw was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Washington Redskins on April 29, 2012. He was released by the Redskins on May 4, 2012, the first day of the team's rookie mini-camp.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official bio at Michigan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaw at CBS Sports

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaw at ESPN.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaw at NCAA

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Michael Shaw

wikipedia_title: Michael Shaw (American football)


text:
Belarus
football
Mauerwerk
A Lyga
Utenis
Kauno Žalgiris

categories: Belarusian expatriate sportspeople in Lithuania,FC Slutsk players,FC Mauerwerk players,Belarusian expatriate footballers,Living people,Belarusian footballers,FK Utenis Utena players,Belarusian Premier League players,A Lyga players,Expatriate footballers in Lithuania,FC Torpedo Minsk players,FC Dinamo Minsk players,FC Dnepr Mogilev players,1991 births,Association football midfielders,Expatriate footballers in Austria,FC Bereza-2010 players

paragraph: Alyaksandr Kuhan

paragraph: Alyaksandr Uladzimiravich Kuhan (; ; born 26 May 1991) is a Belarusian professional football player who plays for Mauerwerk.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Belarusian midfielder joined Lithuanian A Lyga club Utenis on 6 March 2017. He played 12 times in the league, scoring once in delayed first tour match against Kauno Žalgiris, but was released by the club on 30 June 2017.

description: Belarusian footballer

wikidata_label: Alyaksandr Kuhan

wikipedia_title: Alyaksandr Kuhan


text:
Grammy Award
heavy metal
Slipknot
Los Angeles
California
Des Moines
Iowa
marijuana
cocaine
drug paraphernalia
Clown
early days
Jim Root
Las Vegas
Unida
Worse Than a Fairy Tale
Drop Dead, Gorgeous
Reggie and the Full Effect
Roadrunner United
Nikki Sixx
Mötley Crüe
Sixx A.M.
The Des Moines Register
TownePlace Suites Hotel
Johnston, Iowa
TMZ
autopsy
morphine
Des Moines, Iowa
Kerrang!
Corey Taylor
Donnie Steele
Sonisphere Festival
NY Ink
Welcome to Our Neighborhood
Disasterpieces
Rollerball
Nine: The Making of "All Hope Is Gone"
(sic)nesses
Official Slipknot website

categories: Guitarists from Los Angeles,2010 deaths,1972 births,Accidental deaths in Iowa,American male bass guitarists,Kerrang! Awards winners,American heavy metal bass guitarists,Grammy Award winners,Roadrunner Records artists,Reggie and the Full Effect members,Alternative metal bass guitarists,Drug-related deaths in Iowa,Slipknot (band) members

paragraph: Paul Gray (American musician)

paragraph: Paul Dedrick Gray (April 8, 1972 – May 24, 2010) also known as the Pig or by his number #2, was an American musician best known as the former bassist, backing vocalist, songwriter and one of the founding members of the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Slipknot.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Paul Dedrick Gray was born in Los Angeles, California. Later his family relocated to Des Moines, Iowa. He played guitar but switched to bass after he relocated to Iowa. In his youth, Gray performed in bands such as Anal Blast, Vexx, Body Pit, The Have Nots and Inveigh Catharsis.

paragraph: In June 2003, Gray crashed his car into another vehicle. After police were called to the scene and searched his car, Gray was arrested for possession of marijuana, cocaine and drug paraphernalia, as well as failure to obey a traffic signal.

paragraph: At the time of his death, he was one of three original members of Slipknot remaining in the band, and the only one who had maintained his original role in the band due to Clown's switch from main drums to percussion during the early days. He was one of the two members not born in Iowa (the other is Jim Root, who was born in Las Vegas). In 2010, Slipknot released the Download 2009 performance on DVD in memory of Gray.

paragraph: Besides Slipknot, Gray filled in as bassist for Unida during their 2003 tour, appeared on the album "Worse Than a Fairy Tale" by the band "Drop Dead, Gorgeous", toured briefly with Reggie and the Full Effect and appeared on the Roadrunner United project, performing bass on "The Enemy" and "Baptized in the Redemption" from the project's album "The All-Star Sessions".

paragraph: An award was named after Paul titled "Paul Gray: Best Bassist of the Year", as a tribute to Paul. Slipknot presented the award to Nikki Sixx, of Mötley Crüe and Sixx A.M..

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On May 24, 2010, "The Des Moines Register" reported that Gray had been found dead in room 431 at the TownePlace Suites Hotel in Johnston, Iowa at about 10:50 a.m. local time. In a 911-call, obtained by TMZ, one of the hotel's proprietors said that a hypodermic needle was found next to Gray's bed, as well as many pills that were apparently scattered across the room. An initial autopsy determined that no foul play or trauma was involved, but could not establish the cause of death. He is survived by his wife Brenna and their daughter October, who was born after his death.

paragraph: On June 21, 2010, autopsy results were released that stated Gray had died of an overdose of morphine, and had also shown signs of "significant heart disease" Also found in the autopsy were traces of anti-anxiety pill Xanax, which Gray had a history of abusing .

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Aftermath.

paragraph: On the day after Gray's death, May 25, 2010, the band, without their usual masks, held a formal press conference in Des Moines, Iowa. They did not take any questions from the media. The band, as well as Gray's brother, Tony, and wife, Brenna, paid tribute to him.

paragraph: A private funeral was held on May 28, 2010. Paul Gray was buried at the Highland Memory Gardens Cemetery in Des Moines, Iowa. On November 8, 2010, items that decorated Gray's grave, including a Buddha statue and gargoyle statue, were stolen. The band responded to this event with a post on their MySpace and Facebook page, asking the robbers to return the stolen items and appealing for information from the public.

paragraph: On July 30, Paul Gray was posthumously awarded the "Kerrang!" "Services to Metal" award, which was collected by his Slipknot bandmate Corey Taylor on his behalf.

paragraph: Slipknot's former guitarist Donnie Steele filled in on bass guitar for Gray on Slipknot's 2011 Summer tour. Slipknot shows during this time featured Paul's jumpsuit and Self-Titled era pig mask on a stand, along with a bass guitar standing next to it. Fans honored Gray with a two-minute silence during the band's headline set at Sonisphere Festival, Knebworth.

paragraph: Corey Taylor also got a tattoo of Gray and his number on the back of his left leg, which was documented in the television series NY Ink, during the second episode of season 1.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Trial against physician.

paragraph: In September 2012, Gray's physician Daniel Baldi was charged with involuntary manslaughter relating to Gray's death, as well as the deaths of at least seven others. He was accused of continually writing high-dose prescription narcotics to Gray, despite him being a known drug addict from December 27, 2005 until his death. The doctor appeared in court on September 27, 2012 to face the charges, to which he pleaded not guilty. On May 1, 2014, jurors found Daniel Baldi not guilty on all seven counts of involuntary manslaughter following two days of deliberation. Gray's wife Brenna had testified during the two-week-long trial that Baldi prescribed the anti-anxiety drug Xanax to her husband, despite knowing he was addicted to the prescription medicine.

paragraph: In January 2018 the family received an out of court settlement from a lawsuit they had filed against Dr. Daniel Baldi and his former employers. Two months later, Baldi was permanently banned from being able to prescribe, administer or dispense controlled substances for the treatment of chronic pain, by the Iowa Board of Pharmacy.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Welcome to Our Neighborhood"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Disasterpieces"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Rollerball"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: ""

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Nine: The Making of "All Hope Is Gone""

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: ""

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Of the (sic): Your Nightmares, Our Dreams"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "(sic)nesses" (posthumous)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Goat (Iowa DVD)" (posthumous)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Slipknot website

alias:
The Pig
#2
Paul Dedrick Gray
Cara De Chancho

description: American nu metal bass guitarist (Slipknot)

wikidata_label: Paul Gray

wikipedia_title: Paul Gray (American musician)


text:
Hudson River School
White Mountain art
Boston
Massachusetts
Pendleton's Lithography
Nathaniel Currier
Currier and Ives
Fitz Hugh Lane
Tremont Temple
New England Art Union
Boston Art Club
Boston Athenæum
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Currier Museum of Art
Farnsworth Art Museum
New Hampshire Historical Society
The Butler Institute of American Art
NYPL
Work by Scott
White Mtn. Art & Artists
Work by Scott

categories: Artists from Boston,1815 births,1907 deaths

paragraph: John W. A. Scott

paragraph: John White Allen Scott (1815- March 4, 1907) was an American painter and lithographer associated with the Hudson River School and White Mountain art.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: John White Allen Scott or John W.A. Scott was born in Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, in 1815. Scott began as an apprentice at Pendleton's Lithography in 1830 at the same time as fellow Roxbury native Nathaniel Currier of Currier and Ives. In 1844 Scott started a lithography firm in partnership with Fitz Hugh Lane ("Lane & Scott's Lithography"), which lasted until 1847. The firm successfully produced lithographs dominated by ships, landscapes and architectural forms. Scott continued to produce "exceptional" lithographs into the 1850s and would remain friends with Lane. Around 1852 he kept a studio in Boston's Tremont Temple. Scott's work sold well during his time; for instance, in 1855 he "sold more than 50 landscapes at auction." Among his favorite subjects was Southern New Hampshire's Mount Monadnock. He belonged to the New England Art Union and the Boston Art Club (1863-1907), of which he was the oldest member at the time of his death. Scott also frequently exhibited at the Boston Athenæum.

paragraph: Scott's paintings are now held in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Currier Museum of Art, the Farnsworth Art Museum, the New Hampshire Historical Society, and The Butler Institute of American Art, among other museums and galleries.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NYPL. View of Newburyport, (from Salisbury), 1846. By Lane & Scott

paragraph: BULLET::::- Post Road Gallery, NY. Work by Scott

paragraph: BULLET::::- White Mtn. Art & Artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skinner auctioneers, Massachusetts. Work by Scott

alias:
John Scott
John William A. Scott
John White Allen Scott
John William Allen Scott
J. W. A. Scott
john w. scott

description: American artist

wikidata_label: John W. A. Scott

wikipedia_title: John W. A. Scott