text: King of Hungary

text: Béla I

text: baptismal name

text: Solomon

text: Ladislaus

text: duchy

text: battle of Mogyoród

text: Moson

text: Pressburg

text: Slovakia

text: Béla I of Hungary

text: Richeza or Adelhaid

text: Mieszko II of Poland

text: Illuminated Chronicle

text: Ladislaus

text: who had been banished from Hungary

text: Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians

text: baptismal name

text: Andrew I

text: seniority

text: Anastasia of Kiev

text: Solomon

text: Annales Altahenses

text: Judith

text: Henry IV

text: Lampert of Hersfeld

text: William of Weimar

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Lampert

text: Bolesław II of Poland

text: Győr

text: Pécs

text: Ján Steinhübel

text: Nyitra

text: Bihar

text: Romania

text: they jointly routed an invading army

text: Kerlés

text: Annales Posonienses

text: Pechenegs

text: Cumans

text: Vlachs

text: Byzantine

text: Belgrade

text: Byzantine Empire

text: Rus'

text: Szekszárd Abbey

text: Tisza

text: Vác

text: Otto I of Olomouc

text: Czech

text: fought at Mogyoród

text: Kapuvár

text: Babót

text: Székesfehérvár

text: scorched earth

text: Pope Gregory VII

text: Holy See

text: Byzantine Emperor

text: Michael VII Doukas

text: Holy Crown of Hungary

text: Benedictine

text: Garamszentbenedek

text: a niece

text: Nikephoros Botaneiates

text: Moson

text: Pressburg

text: Coloman

text: Álmos

categories: 1040s births,11th-century monarchs in Europe,1077 deaths,11th-century Hungarian people,House of Árpád

paragraph: Géza I of Hungary

paragraph: Géza I (; ; 104025 April 1077) was King of Hungary from 1074 until his death. He was the eldest son of King Béla I. His baptismal name was Magnus. With German assistance, Géza's cousin Solomon acquired the crown when his father died in 1063, forcing Géza to leave Hungary. Géza returned with Polish reinforcements and signed a treaty with Solomon in early 1064. In the treaty, Géza and his brother, Ladislaus acknowledged the rule of Solomon, who granted them their father's former duchy, which encompassed one-third of the Kingdom of Hungary.

paragraph: Géza closely cooperated with Solomon, but their relationship became tense from 1071. The king invaded the duchy in February 1074 and defeated Géza in a battle. However, Géza was victorious at the decisive battle of Mogyoród on 14 March 1074. He soon acquired the throne, although Solomon maintained his rule in the regions of Moson and Pressburg (present-day Bratislava, Slovakia) for years. Géza initiated peace negotiations with his dethroned cousin in the last months of his life. Géza's sons were minors when he died and he was succeeded by his brother Ladislaus.

paragraph: Section::::Early years (before 1064).

paragraph: Géza was the eldest son of the future King Béla I of Hungary and his wife Richeza or Adelhaid, a daughter of King Mieszko II of Poland. The "Illuminated Chronicle" narrates that Géza and his brother Ladislaus were born in Poland, where their father who had been banished from Hungary settled in the 1030s. Géza was born in about 1040. According to the historians Gyula Kristó and Ferenc Makk, he was named after his grandfather's uncle Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians. His baptismal name was Magnus.

paragraph: In about 1048, Géza's father returned to Hungary and received one third of the kingdom with the title of duke from his brother, King Andrew I. Géza seems to have arrived in Hungary with his father. The king, who had not fathered a legitimate son, declared Béla as his heir. According to the traditional principle of seniority, Béla preserved his claim to succeed his brother even after Andrew's wife Anastasia of Kiev gave birth to Solomon in 1053. However, the king had his son crowned in 1057 or 1058. The "Illuminated Chronicle" narrates that the child Solomon "was anointed king with the consent of Duke Bela and his sons Geysa and Ladislaus", which is the first reference to a public act by Géza. However, according to the contemporaneous text "Annales Altahenses", Géza was absent from the meeting where Judiththe sister of the German monarch Henry IVwas engaged to the child Solomon in 1058.

paragraph: Géza accompanied his father, who left for Poland to seek assistance against King Andrew. They returned with Polish reinforcements in 1060. Géza was one of his father's most influential advisors. Lampert of Hersfeld wrote that Géza persuaded his father to set free Count William of Weimar, one of the commanders of the German troops fighting on Andrew's side, who had been captured in a battle.

paragraph: The king died during the civil war; his partisans took Solomon to the Holy Roman Empire and Géza's father Béla was crowned king on 6 December 1060. Although Géza remained his father's principal advisor, King Béla did not grant his former duchy to his son. According to the "Annales Altahenses", Béla even offered Géza as hostage to the Germans when he was informed that the German court decided, in August 1063, to invade Hungary to restore Solomon. However, the Germans refused Béla's offer and he died on 11 September 1063, some days after the imperial troops entered Hungary.

paragraph: Following his father's death, Géza offered to accept Solomon's rule if he received his father's former duchy. This offer was refused, which forced him and his two brothersLadislaus and Lampertto leave Hungary for Poland. King Bolesław II of Poland provided them with reinforcements and they returned after the German troops withdrawn from Hungary. The brothers wanted to avoid a new civil war and made an agreement with King Solomon. According to the treaty, which was signed in Győr on 20 January 1064, Géza and his brothers accepted Solomon's rule and the king granted them their father's duchy. The king and his cousins celebrated Easter together in the cathedral of Pécs, where Duke Géza ceremoniously put a crown on Solomon's head.

paragraph: Section::::Duke in Hungary (1064–1074).

paragraph: According to Ján Steinhübel and other Slovak historians, Géza only retained the administration of the region of Nyitra (present-day Nitra, Slovakia) and gave the eastern territories of their father's duchy, which were centered around Bihar (present-day Biharia, Romania), to his brother, Ladislaus. The Hungarian historian, Gyula Kristó likewise says that this division of Béla's one-time duchy is "probable". The historians Gyula Kristó and Ferenc Makk write that Géza seems to have married a German countess, named Sophia around this time. Géza had the right to coinage in his duchy. The silver half-denars minted for him bore the inscriptions "DUX MAGNUS" ("Duke Magnus") and "PANONAI" ("Kingdom of Hungary").

paragraph: Géza closely cooperated with the king between 1064 and 1071. For instance, they jointly routed an invading army which had plundered the eastern territories of the kingdom at Kerlés (present-day Chiraleş, Romania) in 1068. The identification of the invaders is uncertain: the "Annales Posonienses" writes of Pechenegs, the "Illuminated Chronicle" and other 14th- and 15th-century Hungarian chronicles refer to Cumans, and a Russian chronicle identifies them as Cumans and Vlachs. Modern historians have concluded that they were Pechenegs.

paragraph: Géza's and Solomon's relationship only began to worsen during the siege of the Byzantine fortress of Belgrade in 1071. Its commander preferred to surrender to Géza instead of the king and the Byzantine envoys who arrived in the Hungarian camp after the fall of Belgrade only negotiated with Géza. The division of the booty also gave rise to a new conflict between Solomon and Géza. Although Géza accompanied the king on a new campaign against the Byzantine Empire in 1072, but his brother, Ladislaus stayed behind with half of the troops of their duchy.

paragraph: The conflict between the king and his cousins was sharpened by Solomon's main advisor, Count Vid who wanted to acquire the dukes' domains for himself. However, Solomon and Géza, who were convinced that they needed foreign reinforcements before attacking the other party, concluded a truce which was to last from 11 November 1073 to 24 April 1075. Géza sent his brothers to Poland and Rus' to seek assistance against Solomon. At a meeting in the Szekszárd Abbey, Count Vid persuaded the king to break the truce in order to unexpectedly attack Géza who was "hunting in Igfan Forest" to the east of the river Tisza. Although the abbot of the monastery, which had been established by Géza's father, warned the duke of the king's plans, the royal army crossed the river and routed Géza's troops in the battle of Kemej on 26 February 1074.

paragraph: From the battlefield, Géza and his retinue hastened towards Vác where he came upon his brother, Ladislaus and their brother-in-law, Duke Otto I of Olomouc. The latter, accompanied by Czech reinforcements, arrived in Hungary in order to assist Géza against Solomon. In the ensuing battle, fought at Mogyoród on 14 March 1074, Géza "with the troops from Nitria was stationed in the centre", according to the "Illuminated Chronicle". During the battle, Géza and Ladislaus changed their standards in order to bewilder Solomon who was planning to attack Géza. Géza and his allies won a decisive victory and forced the king to flee from the battlefield and to withdraw to Moson at the western frontier of Hungary. Géza "made" Kapuvár, Babót, Székesfehérvár and "other castles secure with garrisons of the bravest soldiers", thus taking possession of almost the entire kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::His reign (1074–1077).

paragraph: According to the "Illuminated Chronicle", Géza accepted the throne "at the insistence of the Hungarians" after Solomon had taken refuge in Moson. However, he was not crowned because the royal jewels were still in the dethroned king's possession. The German monarch Henry IV, who was Solomon's brother-in-law, launched an expedition against Hungary in mid-1074. The Germans marched as far as Vác, but Géza applied scorched earth tactics and bribed German commanders, who persuaded the German monarch to retreat from Hungary.

paragraph: In early 1074, Géza had approached Pope Gregory VII to obtain international recognition of his rule. However, the pope wanted to take advantage of the conflict between Solomon and Géza and attempted to persuade both of them to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Holy See. Géza did not obey the pope and asked the Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Doukas for a crown. The emperor sent Géza a gold and enamel diadem, which bore the legend "Géza, the faithful king of Hungary" on one of its plaques. This "splendid work of art" became the lower part of the Holy Crown of Hungary by the end of the 12th century. Géza was crowned king with this diadem in early 1075. In this year he styled himself as "anointed king of the Hungarians by the grace of God" in the charter of the foundation of the Benedictine Abbey of Garamszentbenedek (present-day Hronský Beňadik, Slovakia).

paragraph: Géza married a niece of Nikephoros Botaneiates, a close advisor of Emperor Michael VII. However, Solomon still controlled Moson and Pressburg; the royal troopswhich were under the command of Géza's brother, Ladislauscould not take Pressburg in 1076. According to the "Illuminated Chronicle", Géza considered renouncing the crown in favor of Solomon from the end of the year. Géza died on 25 April 1077 and was buried in the cathedral of Vác, which he had erected in the honor of the Holy Virgin. His brother, Ladislaus succeeded him. A grave discovered in the center of the medieval cathedral in August 2015 was identified as Géza's burial site by Zoltán Batizi, the leader of the excavations.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Géza married twice. The family of his first wife Sophia, whom he married in the late 1060s, is unknown. After his coronation in 1075, he married his second wife, who was the niece of the future Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros III.

paragraph: It is uncertain which wife bore Géza's children, but the historians Gyula Kristó and Márta Font say that Sophia was their mother. Kristó adds that Géza fathered at least six children. Although only two of themColoman and Álmosare known by name, the "Illuminated Chronicle" states that Coloman had brothers who "died before him". Both Coloman and Álmos were apparently born around 1070.

paragraph: The following family tree presents Géza's ancestors and some of his relatives who are mentioned in the article.

paragraph: "*Whether Géza's first or second wife was his children's mother is uncertain."br"**Géza had at least two further children, but their names are unknown."

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:" Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing. .

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Secondary sources.

paragraph: br

description: King of Hungary

wikidata_label: Géza I of Hungary

wikipedia_title: Géza I of Hungary


text:
Bohemia
Ottokar I of Bohemia
Constance of Hungary
Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen
Philip of Swabia
King of Germany
Irene Angelina
Germans
Moravia
Vladislaus, Margrave of Moravia
Ottokar II of Bohemia
Beatrice of Bohemia
Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg
Henry III, Margrave of Meissen
Kingdom of Bohemia
Frederick II, Duke of Austria
expansionism
Frederick II
Lombard League
Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Austria
ban
Vienna
Wiener Neustadt
rump state
Duchy of Styria
Bishop of Bamberg
Danube
Otto II, Duke of Bavaria
Reichstag
Eger
excommunicated
anti-king
Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia
Conrad IV of Germany
Batu Khan
Subutai
Mongol Empire
Mongol invasion of Europe
Kingdom of Poland
Silesia
Moravia
Baidar
Kadan
Orda Khan
Henry II the Pious
Battle of Legnica
Thuringia
Saxony
Kłodzko
Hungary
Hungarians
Battle of Mohi
Ögedei
Genghis Khan
Khagan
Karakorum
kurultai
Frederick II, Duke of Austria
Battle of the Leitha River
Béla IV of Hungary
Přemyslid dynasty
Privilegium Minus
House of Babenberg
Gertrude, Duchess of Austria
Vladislaus, Margrave of Moravia
jure uxoris
Herman VI, Margrave of Baden
Ottokar II
Frederick I, Margrave of Baden
Margaret, Duchess of Austria
Henry (VII) of Germany
Jihlava
Brno
Olomouc
Old Town, Prague
Stříbro
Loket
Žatec
Cheb
Přerov

categories: Roman Catholic monarchs,Medieval kings of Bohemia,1205 births,1253 deaths,Přemyslid dynasty

paragraph: Wenceslaus I of Bohemia

paragraph: Wenceslaus I (; c. 1205 – 23 September 1253), called One-Eyed, was King of Bohemia from 1230 to 1253.

paragraph: Wenceslaus was a son of Ottokar I of Bohemia and his second wife Constance of Hungary.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: In 1224, Wenceslaus married Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen, third daughter of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany, and his wife Irene Angelina. Wenceslaus encouraged large numbers of Germans to settle in the villages and towns in Bohemia and Moravia. Stone buildings began to replace wooden ones in Prague as a result of the influence of the new settlers.

paragraph: Wenceslaus and Kunigunde had five known children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vladislaus, Margrave of Moravia (c. 1228 – 3 January 1247)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ottokar II of Bohemia (c. 1230 – 26 August 1278)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice of Bohemia (c. 1231 – 27 May 1290) married Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes of Bohemia (died 10 August 1268) married Henry III, Margrave of Meissen.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An unnamed daughter. Died young.

paragraph: Section::::Early reign.

paragraph: On 6 February 1228, Wenceslaus was crowned as co-ruler of the Kingdom of Bohemia with his father. On 15 December 1230, Ottokar died and Wenceslaus succeeded him as the senior King of Bohemia.

paragraph: His early reign was preoccupied by the threat to Bohemia posed by Frederick II, Duke of Austria. The expansionism of Frederick caused the concern and protestation of several other rulers. In 1236, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II was involved in a war against the Lombard League. The Emperor demanded Wenceslaus and other rulers of the Holy Roman Empire to lend him part of their own troops for his war effort. Wenceslaus led a group of princes who expressed their reluctance to divert any troops from the defense of their own territories, citing fear of invasion from the Duchy of Austria. They requested imperial intervention in the situation.

paragraph: In June 1236, the Emperor imposed an imperial ban on the Duke of Austria. Troops dispatched against the Duke forced him to flee Vienna for Wiener Neustadt. He would continue to rule a rump state for the following year. The Emperor declared direct imperial rule in both Austria and the Duchy of Styria, also held by the fleeing Duke. Ekbert von Andechs-Meranien, former Bishop of Bamberg was installed as governor in the two Duchies. Ekbert would govern from February to his death on 5 June 1237. Wenceslaus was hardly pleased with this apparent expansion of direct imperial authority close to his borders. Wenceslaus and Duke Frederick formed an alliance against the Emperor. Frederick the Emperor chose to lift the ban in 1237 rather than maintain another open front. Wenceslaus managed to negotiate the expansion of Bohemia north of the Danube, annexing territories offered by Duke Frederick in order of forming and maintaining their alliance.

paragraph: Wenceslaus and Frederick also found another ally in the person of Otto II, Duke of Bavaria. In June 1239, Wenceslaus and Otto left the Reichstag at Eger, abandoning the service of excommunicated Emperor Frederick II. Despite their intent to elect an anti-king, no such election would take place until 1246. In 1246, Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia, was elected King of Germany in opposition to Emperor Frederick II and Conrad IV of Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Mongol invasion.

paragraph: In 1241 Wenceslaus successfully repelled a raid on Bohemia by forces serving under Batu Khan and Subutai of the Mongol Empire as part of the Mongol invasion of Europe. The Mongols raided the Kingdom of Poland, Silesia and Moravia, led by Baidar, Kadan and Orda Khan with a force of around 20,000 Mongols, causing much destruction.

paragraph: During the Mongol invasion of Poland, Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia, Wenceslaus' brother in law, initially asked his help in fighting off the Mongols. However as Wenceslaus was coming to his aid in Legnica with a force of 50,000 soldiers, impatience forced Henry II to attack the Mongols without Bohemia's help which resulted in the devastating Battle of Legnica. Following the Mongol victory, Wenceslaus fell back to protect Bohemia. He gathered reinforcements from Thuringia and Saxony along the way, before taking refuge in Bohemia's mountainous countries whose terrain would reduce the mobility of the Mongolian cavalry. When a Mongol vanguard assaulted Kłodzko, the Bohemian cavalry easily defeated them in the mountain passes. After their failure against Wenceslaus' army, the Mongols led by Baidar and Kadan turned away from Bohemia and Poland and went southward to reunite with Batu and Subutai in Hungary, who had crushed the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohi.

paragraph: When Subutai heard in 1242 that Grand Khan Ögedei had died the previous year, the Mongol army retreated eastward, because Subutai had three princes of the blood in his command and Genghis Khan had made clear that all descendants of the Khagan (Grand Khan) should return to the Mongol capital of Karakorum for the kurultai which would elect the next Khagan. Such was Wenceslaus' success against the invaders that chroniclers sent messages to Emperor Frederick II of his "victorious defense".

paragraph: Section::::Duchy of Austria for Přemyslids.

paragraph: On 15 June 1246, Frederick II, Duke of Austria, was killed in the Battle of the Leitha River against Béla IV of Hungary. His death ended reign of the Babenburg dynasty in Austria. The matter of his succession would result in years of disputes among various heirs. Wenceslaus' foreign policy became focused on acquiring Austria for the Přemyslid dynasty. Meanwhile, Emperor Frederick II managed to once again place Austria under direct imperial rule. However imperial governor Otto von Eberstein had to contend with an Austrian rebellion, preventing immediate benefits from the annexation of the Duchy.

paragraph: The Privilegium Minus, the document which had elevated Austria to a Duchy on 17 September 1156, allowed for the female line of the House of Babenberg to succeed to the throne. Gertrude, Duchess of Austria, niece of the late Frederick II, thus was able to claim the Duchy in her own right. Wenceslaus arranged for her marriage to his eldest son, Vladislaus, Margrave of Moravia. Vladislaus was declared a jure uxoris Duke of Austria and managed to secure the support of part of the Austrian nobility. On 3 January 1247, Vladislaus died suddenly and the initial plan of Wenceslaus was negated. Gertrude continued her claim and proceeded to marry Herman VI, Margrave of Baden.

paragraph: Section::::The rebellion.

paragraph: In 1248, Wenceslaus had to deal with a rebellion of the Bohemian nobility, led by his own son Ottokar II. Ottokar had been enticed by discontented nobles to lead the rebellion, during which he received the nickname "the younger King" (mladší král). Wenceslaus managed to defeat the rebels and imprisoned his son. Ottokar II held the title of King of Bohemia from 31 July 1248 to November 1249.

paragraph: By the end of 1250, both the Emperor and Herman VI were deceased. The latter having never been accepted by the Austrian nobles, Gertrude and their only son Frederick I, Margrave of Baden continued their claim. Wenceslaus led a successful invasion of Austria, completed by 1251. Wenceslaus released Ottokar II and named him Margrave of Moravia. Wenceslaus had Ottokar proclaimed Duke of Austria and acclaimed by the nobility. In order to secure dynastic rights to Austria, Wenceslaus had another female Babenberg proclaimed Duchess and betrothed to his son. Margaret, Duchess of Austria, was a sister of Duke Frederick II and an aunt of Gertrude. She was also the widow of Henry (VII) of Germany, who had died in 1242. However, Margaret was much older than Ottokar. Their marriage took place on 11 February 1252.

paragraph: Wenceslaus did not enjoy his victory for long. He died on 23 September 1253 and Ottokar II succeeded him.

paragraph: Section::::Evaluation of the reign of Wenceslas I.

paragraph: Under the reign of Wenceslas I of Bohemia, the royal court came to cultivate lifestyles typical of contemporary Western Europe, including the culture of jousting and tournaments and the enjoyment of courtly poetry and songs. His government is associated with the establishment of Czech statehood, an increase of Czech political influence in Europe, the rise of Czech nobility, and continued development of urban life, trade and crafts.

paragraph: Wenceslas, like his father and son, supported the arrival of ethnic Germans into the country. He was also the first to allow privileges to the Jews; however, they were expected to pay considerable sums of money for them.

paragraph: Section::::Cities founded by Wenceslaus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jihlava, 1233

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brno, 1238

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olomouc, c. 1240

paragraph: BULLET::::- Old Town, Prague, c. 1240

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stříbro, c. 1240

paragraph: BULLET::::- Loket, c. 1250

paragraph: BULLET::::- Žatec, c. 1250

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cheb, c. 1250

paragraph: BULLET::::- Přerov, 1252

alias:
Wenceslas I
Saint Wenceslas

description: King of Bohemia

wikidata_label: Wenceslaus I of Bohemia

wikipedia_title: Wenceslaus I of Bohemia


text: 2011 Asian Speed Skating Championships

text: 2012 Asian Speed Skating Championships

text: 2014 Winter Olympics

text: 1500 meters

text: women's team pursuit

text: team pursuit

text: Miho

text: Nana Takagi

text: women team pursuit

text: Medal with Purple Ribbon

text: Ayaka Kikuchi at SpeedSkatingNews.info

categories: Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics,1987 births,Japanese female speed skaters,Olympic gold medalists for Japan,World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships medalists,Olympic speed skaters of Japan,Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon,Speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,Olympic medalists in speed skating,Speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Ayaka Kikuchi

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Kikuchi won bronze at the 2011 Asian Speed Skating Championships and silver at the 2012 Asian Speed Skating Championships. With these results she qualified for the World Allround Speed Skating Championships in both 2011 (finished 22nd) and 2012 (finished 19th).

paragraph: In the 2014 Winter Olympics Kikuchi participated in the 1500 meters, finishing 31st, and was part of the women's team pursuit, who finished fourth.

paragraph: In 2015 Ayaka Kikuchi became a world champion, when in the 2015 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships she won the gold medal in the team pursuit where she participated together with the sisters Miho and Nana Takagi.

paragraph: In 2018, Kikuchi was part of the Japanese team that won the Olympics women team pursuit gold medal.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medal with Purple Ribbon (2018)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- World record progression team pursuit speed skating women

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayaka Kikuchi at Speedskatingresults.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ayaka Kikuchi at SpeedSkatingNews.info

description: Japanese speed skater

wikidata_label: Ayaka Kikuchi

wikipedia_title: Ayaka Kikuchi


text: Encyclopædia Britannica

text: Zoological Society of London

text: Weymouth

text: Mill Hill Missionaries

text: Carthusian

text: Messrs. Cassell & Co.

text: Harringay

text: Robert Hunter

text: Encyclopedic Dictionary

text: Nature

text: hydrozoon

text: Zoological Society of London

text: The Field

text: Pumapard

text: 1911 "Encyclopædia Britannica"

text: Robert Hunter

text: Cleaning symbiosis

text: Congolese Spotted Lion

text: Pumapard

categories: British encyclopedists,British male journalists,British naturalists,1843 births,1911 deaths,British editors

paragraph: Henry Scherren

paragraph: Henry James Wilson Scherren (10 February 1843 – 25 April 1911), usually known as Henry Scherren or in encyclopaedia articles as H. Sc. was the author of various books on natural history for adults and children, with notable illustrations including some in colour, and a contributor to the Encyclopædia Britannica on natural history topics. He was a fellow of the Zoological Society of London, of which he wrote a magnificent but inaccurate history.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Scherren's family came from Weymouth in Dorset. The son of a bookseller and printer, he became a compositor and moved to London. After being educated at the new St. Joseph's Foreign Missionary College started by the Mill Hill Missionaries, he joined the Catholic Carthusian monastic order in France. However, he abandoned the order in his mid-thirties to return to secular life, going on to work on the editorial staff of Messrs. Cassell & Co. in London for two decades. In the mid-1890s he moved, with his wife Anna, into a three-storey terraced house (9, Cavendish Road) in the newly built South Harringay estate in north London, living there for the rest of his life.

paragraph: Scherren assisted Robert Hunter with his 7-volume "Encyclopedic Dictionary" (1879–88). In 1891 he wrote to "Nature" about a finding of a rare "hydrozoon", "Cordylophora lacustris". He collected insect specimens which he shared with other naturalists.

paragraph: Scherren was a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London. He was Assistant Natural History Editor of "The Field". He was the author of several books on natural history for both adults and children, including "Popular History of Animals for Young People" and "Ponds and Rock Pools".

paragraph: He contributed various articles on hybrid animals including Bears, and wrote energetically about hybrids such as the Pumapard.

paragraph: In 1905, Scherren published his history of the Zoological Society of London. It began:

paragraph: Scherren's history of the ZSL was criticised as inaccurate by John Bastin:

paragraph: Scherren contributed to several natural history articles for the 1911 "Encyclopædia Britannica" (where he is recorded by his initials "H. Sc."), including 'Platypus'.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Hunter, Henry Scherren, and John Williams. "The Encyclopædic Dictionary". 7 volumes. Cassell. 1879–1888.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Scherren. "Ponds and Rock Pools, with hints on collecting for and the management of the micro-aquarium". The Religious Tract Society. 1894.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Scherren. "Popular History of Animals for Young People, with 13 coloured plates and numerous illustrations in the text". Cassell. 1895. (Republished as "Popular Natural History, etc." 1906, 1913

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Scherren. "Through a Pocket Lens". The Religious Tract Society. 1897.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Scherren. "Walks and Talks in the Zoo". The Religious Tract Society. 1900.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Scherren. "A Short History of the Zoological Society of London". The Zoological Society. 1901.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Scherren. "Popular Natural History of the Lower Animals (Invertebrates)". The Religious Tract Society. 1903.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Scherren. "The Zoological Society of London : a sketch of its foundation and development, and the story of its farm, museum, gardens, menagerie and library." Cassell, 1905.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Platypus ("in part"). Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleaning symbiosis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Congolese Spotted Lion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pumapard (quoting Scherren from "The Field" No 2887, 25 April 1908)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Through a Pocket Lens' by Henry Scherren 1897: a book review ... 100 years later

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scherren and the Micro-aquarium ... 100 years later

description: British naturalist

wikidata_label: Henry Scherren

wikipedia_title: Henry Scherren


text: Ottoman

text: Bosnian

text: ağa

text: Ottoman Army

text: Husein Gradaščević

text: Novica Cerović

text: Petar II Petrović-Njegoš

text: The Death of Smail-aga Čengić

text: Ivan Mažuranić

text: Jelašce

text: Sanjak of Bosnia

text: Kalinovik

text: Bosnia and Herzegovina

text: Čengići

text: First Serbian Uprising

text: Gacko

text: Cernica

text: Tower of Fazlagić

text: Lipnik

text: Havtovac

text: Tower of Čengić

text: Eastern Herzegovina

text: Mala Gračanica

text: Srdjevci

text: Lukavica

text: Fojnica

text: Cernica

text: Serbian Orthodox

text: Milutin Cerović

text: Novica

text: Herzegovina

text: Grahovo

text: haraç

text: Petar II Petrović Njegoš

text: Ali-paša Rizvanbegović

text: vizier

text: Mostar

text: Trebinje

text: St. Petersburg

text: Novica Cerović

text: Nikšić

text: Serb epic poetry

text: mütesellim

text: Vuk Stefanović Karadžić

text: Kingdom of Bosnia

text: Ottoman Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: Bosnia

text: Zagorije

text: Vuk Karadžić

text: Safvet beg Bašagić

text: Safvet beg Bašagić

text: Ivan Franjo Jukić

text: Vuk Stefanović Karadžić

text: "Hrvatsko kolo" book IV (1908)

text: Smail-aga Čengić Portrait

text: Death of Smail-aga Čengić

categories: Ottoman generals,Bosnian Muslims of the Ottoman Empire,Bosnia and Herzegovina soldiers,19th-century Ottoman military personnel,1840 deaths,1788 births

paragraph: Smail-aga Čengić

paragraph: Smail-aga Čengić (1780 – 23 September 1840) was an Ottoman Bosnian lord (with the title of "ağa") and general in the Ottoman Army. In 1831–32, Čengić was one of the Ottoman generals that fought against Husein Gradaščević, who was leading a rebellion in Bosnia against the central Ottoman government.

paragraph: Čengić was killed by Novica Cerović as revenge for killing the younger brother of the Prince-Bishop of Montenegro, Petar II Petrović-Njegoš. His death inspired the 1846 epic poem "The Death of Smail-aga Čengić" by Ivan Mažuranić.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ismail was born in 1778 or 1780 in the village of Jelašce in the Sanjak of Bosnia, 35 km from Kalinovik (in modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina). His father's name was Ibrahim, and he descended from one of the most notable Ottoman Bosnian noble families, the "Čengići". His father died when he was young.

paragraph: As a junior officer and young general he fought against Serb insurgents between 1809 and 1813, during the First Serbian Uprising and the uprising in Egypt from 1809 to 1810.

paragraph: Around 1814, Smail-aga came to Gacko and settled in area of Cernica, then Tower of Fazlagić, and finally in Lipnik near Havtovac. Here in Lipnik he established his residence and official captaincy, by building a Tower of Čengić, a small mosque and several residential buildings. He also built several captaincy towers in the wider region of Gacko and Eastern Herzegovina, as well as many villas and houses in Mala Gračanica, Srdjevci, Lukavica, Fojnica and Cernica.

paragraph: In 1835, Smail-aga and the pasha of Pljevlja agreed to murder the Drobnjak Serbian Orthodox priest Milutin Cerović; he was killed by the Turks in the centre of the town, and beheaded. Milutin's son Novica, who was the leading Drobnjak chieftain, denounced the Ottomans alongside his fellow tribal chiefs.

paragraph: Section::::East Herzegovina (1836–38).

paragraph: In 1836, on Montenegro's northern border with Herzegovina, Serb tribesmen around the town of Grahovo, who were still feudatories of the Muslim ruler of Herzegovina, refused to pay the "haraç" (tax for non-Muslims). Recognizing the need for outside assistance, the tribesmen declared that they were subjects of Petar II Petrović Njegoš and thus invoked the support of Montenegro. Determined to crush this insubordination, Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, the vizier of Mostar, launched an assault against Grahovo at the beginning of August 1836. When the town fell to the Ottomans, the vizier ordered his forces to seize captives and to burn the town to the ground. As honor demanded, the Montenegrins, under the command of Njegoš's brother Joko and eight close kinsmen, gathered several hundred men to launch a counter-attack in an attempt to rescue the captives. Although initially successful in rescuing the local clan leader and his followers, the Montenegrins were quickly overrun by the cavalry of feared Ottoman commander Smail-aga Čengić while they skirmished with the combined forces of Rizvanbegović and Ali-paša Resulbegović of Trebinje. In total, nine members of the Petrović-Njegoš clan perished in the battle, and it is believed that Smail-aga personally killed Njegoš's teenage brother, Joko. During the confrontation, the teenager was hacked to death by the Ottomans along with forty other warriors. Čengić had Joko's severed limbs placed on display.

paragraph: With the tribesmen of Grahovo being forced to take an oath of loyalty to the Ottomans in order to be permitted by them to return to their homes, and thus being forced to not avenge the death of the Montenegrins, including that of Njegoš's own brother, the young Prince-Bishop's hopes of quick revenge were squandered. News of the defeat at Grahovo soon spread abroad and in 1837 Njegoš was forced to travel to St. Petersburg to defend his behavior before the Russians. In 1838, Montenegro, under Russian pressure, signed a peace treaty with the Ottomans. The treaty, however, brought about the briefest of pauses as the clashes and beheadings continued soon afterwards.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Four years after the Montenegrin humiliation at Grahovo, and in revenge, Njegoš plotted the assassination of Smail-aga with the assistance of the local Christians from Herzegovina who lived on the territory under Smail-aga’s control. Njegoš ordered a Montenegrin tribal leader, Novica Cerović, to ambush Smail-aga Čengić, the Ottoman commander who was responsible for killing Njegoš's brother Joko.

paragraph: In late September 1840, the Christians attracted Čengić and his army deep into their territory, organized an ambush and murdered them by attacking their camp during the night. The assault occurred in the village of Mljetičak, north of Nikšić. In the ensuing clash, Smail-aga was shot and his severed head was later brought to Njegoš. As a sign of his gratitude, Njegoš made Cerović a senator. The events are richly attested in Serb epic poetry.

paragraph: Section::::Governorship.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "mütesellim" of [the nahiyah of] Gacko, Piva and Drobnjak.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:In folklore.

paragraph: Smail-aga Čengić is described by Ivan Mažuranić in his famous epic poem "Death of Smail-aga Čengić" published in the publication "Iskra" 1846., as a major figure. However, description of Smail-aga is very "biased and hypocritical", as explained by contemporary German writer and poet Dr.F. S. Kraus, and this poem do not show Čengić as he really was.

paragraph: ""Smail-Aga in Mažuranić's poem is described wrongly and unfairly. Our sympathies are with the bold and fearless hero Smail-Aga Čengić, but not with burly highwaymen from Montenegro. Čengić was a true Slav and his murderers pathetic, cowardly scum."" - citation from "Hrvatsko kolo", p. 105 and 106.

paragraph: Vuk Stefanović Karadžić was contemporary of Smail, and he met him several times on his journeys across Bosnia and Herzegovina. Contrary to Ivan Mažuranić, Vuk Karadžić wrote quite positively about Smail-aga Čengić. For Vuk he wasn't just personification of Ottoman authority, instead primarily Smail was Bosnian Slav with tremendous prestige, respectability and influence among Bosnian Slavs, not only of Islamic but also Christian religious affiliation.

paragraph: ""Čengić family span time between their first noblemen (Kingdom of Bosnia era) and captains of Turkish law (Ottoman Bosnia era) in Herzegovina and in Bosnia. In our folk songs they were Alai Beys and Pashas. These songs tell us their palace and fortress stands in Zagorije, however Smail-aga seat was in village Lipnik near Gacko, where his sons still dwell today. For Smail-aga it was believed and said that he was first hero among entire Turkish empire best and boldest."" - Vuk Karadžić (1845).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Safvet beg Bašagić: "Najstariji ferman begova Čengića" (Glasnik bos.-herc. muzeja Vol. IX. (1897) Sarajevo 1897.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Safvet beg Bašagić: "Kratka uputa u prošlost Bosne i Hercegovine" Sarajevo 1900.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivan Franjo Jukić as Slavoljub Bošnjak: "Zemljopis i povjesnica Bosne" Zagreb 1851.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dragović Marko: "Borba Crnogoraca s Turcima oko prevlasti nad Grahovom" (Starine XX.) Zagreb 1888.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dragović Marko: "Materijali za istoriju Crne Gore" (Glasnik srp. učen. društva vol. 63). Beograd 1885.

paragraph: BULLET::::- I. T. T—D.: "Boj na Mljetičku" (Naše Doba" 1894.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vuk Stefanović Karadžić: "Srpske narodne pjesme" (Knjiga IV.) Beograd 1896.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magazin srpsko-dalmatinski za ljeto 1845. Zadar 1845.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martinović: "Jakov Daković" (Čupićeva godiš. III.) Beograd 1879.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. L. Tomanović: "Petar II. Petrović Njegoš" Cetinje 1896.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article in Sarajevo magazine "Nada" 1898.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hrvatsko kolo" book IV (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Excerpt from the book "Dinarska putovanja - Kulturne i slike prirode iz Bosne i Hercegovine" by Dr. Moric Hernes, Beč, 1894.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smail-aga Čengić Portrait

paragraph: BULLET::::- Death of Smail-aga Čengić

description: army general

wikidata_label: Smail-aga Čengić

wikipedia_title: Smail-aga Čengić


text:
pianist
DJ
remixer
composer
record producer
sound engineer
record label
electronic dance music
band
jazz
saxophonist
jazz piano
lessons
schooling
choir
singing
music theory
teens
Södra Latins gymnasium
jazz pianist
arranger
session musician
musical director
club scene
dance music
house music
2-Step
UK Garage
Defected Records
Junior Jack
Axwell
Candi Staton
Kaskade
Axwell
Miguel Migs
Junior Jack
Dennis Ferrer
Sandy Rivera
Victor Entertainment
CD
compilation album
Japanese anime
Victor Entertainment
A&R
music journalist
live DVD
Japanese pop
Yoko Kanno
Maaya Sakamoto
Megumi Nakajima
Akino Arai
anime
Megumi Nakajima
Ranka Lee
Macross Frontier
Maaya Sakamoto
Gourmet Girl Graffiti
The Asterisk War
Haruka Chisuga
Ai no Uta (Words of Love)
The Asterisk War
Harukana Receive
Java Jazz Festival

categories: Living people,Swedish house musicians,Swedish DJs,1979 births

paragraph: Rasmus Faber

paragraph: Rasmus Peter Faber (born May 16, 1979) is a Swedish pianist, DJ, remixer, composer, record producer, sound engineer, and founder of the record label Farplane Records. He is notable in the electronic dance music genre, and performs solo as a DJ and pianist, and live with his band the RaFa Orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Early Life and Musician Career.

paragraph: Rasmus Faber was born in Stockholm, Sweden. His father was jazz saxophonist Gunnar Bergsten. Rasmus started playing piano on his own at age 7, and started taking jazz piano lessons soon thereafter. His schooling also included choir singing and music theory. In his late teens Rasmus attended one of Sweden's most renowned music colleges/high schools, Södra Latins gymnasium where he met a lot of the musicians he would continue to work with throughout his career and to this day. There he also attained many of the skills that would fuel his career as a jazz pianist, arranger, and composer.

paragraph: At age 20, following his musical education, Rasmus Faber started working as a session musician, and as a pianist and musical director for local acts in Sweden.

paragraph: At age 25, Rasmus decided to quit this career to focus solely on his own artistry, while still performing as a pianist in his own musical projects and in his DJ sets.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Producer career.

paragraph: Around age 21, Rasmus got involved in the Stockholm club scene as an organiser. Various encounters with DJs and artists lead to an interest in dance music, particularly the kind of house music that allowed for fusing of the genres he had been playing as a musician, such as jazz and Latin. He also took great interest in the evolution of 2-Step and UK Garage. After working in the studio as a session musician with different Swedish dance music producers, Rasmus decided to start producing himself. His first single Never Felt So Fly, together with singer Melo, was released in 2002 on UK record label Black Vinyl Records. After its success, his career and reputation grew quickly, and Rasmus started collaborating with big dance label Defected Records, and achieved further success and notoriety with his remix of Junior Jack's E Samba. He also started his own label Farplane Records in 2003. The first single on the label was the track Ever After, featuring singer Emily McEwan, which was a successful club hit worldwide.

paragraph: This success, and subsequent requests to perform as a DJ, lead Rasmus into starting his career as a DJ. Later tracks released by him include Get Over Here (also available in a remix version by Axwell), Are You Ready, and Good Times Come Back. Together with Alf Tumble, in 2011, Rasmus released Wilder Side, which featured soul legend Candi Staton. Rasmus Faber has made remixes for, among many others: Kaskade, Axwell, Miguel Migs, Junior Jack, Dennis Ferrer, and Sandy Rivera.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Career in Japan.

paragraph: In 2006, after starting a collaboration with Japanese record label Victor Entertainment (JVC Music), Rasmus Faber released a CD called So Far, compiling many of his more prolific works to date. The album was a big success, and kick started regular DJ performances around the country several times every year.

paragraph: Expanding his collaboration with Victor Entertainment, Rasmus continued to release two compilation album follow ups with his own material, called "2 Far" and "So Far 3", two DJ mix albums; "Love:Mixed" and "Love:Mixed 2", and his own artist album with its remix version "Where We Belong" and "Where We Belong - RaFa's Epic Journey".

paragraph: He has also compiled several compilation albums, as well as the series "Rasmus Faber Presents", introducing new artists to the Japanese market such as; Simon Grey, Opolopo, and Richard Earnshaw.

paragraph: A mutual interest in Japanese anime with Victor Entertainment A&R Hirofumi Iwanaga, then lead to projects outside the dance music scene. Together with music journalist Yuzuru Sato, the jazz album series "Platina Jazz" was conceived. It is a series of Japanese anime songs, played in jazz versions, performed by Swedish musicians. Produced, arranged, and mixed by Rasmus, the album series has now reached its 5th volume, including a live DVD.

paragraph: His involvement in the anime music scene, and the Japanese pop scene, eventually lead to Rasmus producing and writing songs for artists such as Yoko Kanno, Maaya Sakamoto, Megumi Nakajima, Akino Arai, and Ayuse Kozue. Rasmus has also recently written the theme song "Try Unite" for the anime series "", sung by Megumi Nakajima, first famous for her role as Ranka Lee in the anime series "Macross Frontier". In 2015, Rasmus worked with Maaya Sakamoto to produce for the anime series Gourmet Girl Graffiti, and "Waiting for the Rain" for "The Asterisk War". He went on to work with Haruka Chisuga in 2016 to produce "Ai no Uta (Words of Love)", ending theme to the second season of "The Asterisk War". Faber also went on to produce the original soundtrack of "Harukana Receive", which was released on September 26, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::History.:RaFa Orchestra.

paragraph: Since 2009, Rasmus Faber has been playing his songs live, together with a group of 10 musicians and singers forming the RaFa Orchestra. The band members have all been playing on Rasmus' recordings for many years. Selected venues they have played include Billboard Live Tokyo/Osaka, Java Jazz Festival, Jakarta, Indonesia & the Southport Weekender Festival, UK.

description: Swedish musician

wikidata_label: Rasmus Faber

wikipedia_title: Rasmus Faber


text:
Indonesia
Arema FC
Winger
Liga 1
Indonesia
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
Bahrain
Indonesia Premier League
2011-12
Indonesian Community Shield
Indonesia President's Cup
2019

categories: Semen Padang F.C. players,Indonesia international footballers,Liga 1 (Indonesia) players,Sportspeople from Maluku (province),Persih Tembilahan players,Association football wingers,1990 births,Indonesian footballers,Association football fullbacks,Living people,People from Tulehu

paragraph: Ricky Ohorella

paragraph: Ricky Akbar Ohorella (born December 31, 1990 in Indonesia) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for

paragraph: Arema FC as a Winger in the Liga 1. He made his debut for Indonesia in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification against Bahrain on February 29, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Semen Padang

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indonesia Premier League (1): 2011-12

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indonesian Community Shield (1): 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arema

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indonesia President's Cup (1): 2019

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: Footballer

wikidata_label: Ricky Ohorella

wikipedia_title: Ricky Ohorella


text: Encyclopædic Dictionary

text: Free Church of Scotland

text: Geological Society

text: Newburgh, Fife

text: Portpatrick

text: Wigtownshire

text: Ulverston

text: Lancashire

text: Aberdeen

text: Aberdeen Grammar School

text: Marischal College

text: University of Aberdeen

text: New College, Edinburgh

text: brain coral

text: Richard Owen

text: Coatbridge

text: Free Church of Scotland

text: Nagpur

text: Stephen Hislop

text: Nagpur

text: geology

text: fossil

text: Geological Society of London

text: Presbyterian

text: Sewardstone

text: Presbyterian Church of England

text: Loughton

text: Essex

text: Little Cornwall

text: Epping Forest

text: Roding Valley

text: blue plaque

text: City of London Cemetery

text: such dictionary

text: Murray

text: OED

text: Henry Scherren

text: Loughton

text: Cassell

text: Bible Dictionary

text: Henry Scherren

text: Full text

text: "The Encyclopædic Dictionary" (1884)

text: "The Encyclopædic Dictionary" (1902)

categories: Scottish lexicographers,1897 deaths,Presbyterian missionaries in India,Scottish Presbyterian missionaries,Alumni of the University of Aberdeen,Scottish encyclopedists,1823 births,British geologists,People from Loughton,Fellows of the Geological Society of London

paragraph: Robert Hunter (encyclopædist)

paragraph: The Rev Dr Robert Hunter LLD (1823–25 February 1897) was the lead editor of the "Encyclopædic Dictionary", which he produced in seven volumes between 1879 and 1888. In addition, he was an ordained minister and missionary for the Free Church of Scotland, and a notable geologist, becoming a Fellow of the Geological Society.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Hunter was born in Newburgh, Fife in 1823 to John Mackenzie Hunter of Portpatrick, Wigtownshire, an excise officer, and Agnes Strickland of Ulverston, Lancashire. The family moved to 5 Littlejohn Street in Aberdeen while Robert was still young.

paragraph: He was educated at Aberdeen Grammar School where he came first in the open exam for university bursaries and thus went to Marischal College at the University of Aberdeen. He studied Latin, Greek, Mathematics and Natural Science, frequently coming first in the exams. Around 1843 he studied Divinity for at least one year at New College, Edinburgh.

paragraph: His first job was as a tutor in the Bermudas, spending his free time collecting corals; in 1845 he brought home the finest preserved specimens of brain coral that professor Sir Richard Owen had ever seen.

paragraph: As a probationer Hunter taught at the Sunday School in the West Free Church in Coatbridge. He left in November 1846, having been ordained as a minister in the Free Church of Scotland to work as a missionary in Nagpur in India, as an assistant to Rev Stephen Hislop. He arrived in Nagpur early in 1847. Both men were keen geologists, and on their missionary travels they both recorded the local geology and fossils. Both of them wrote a number of geological papers, which were read in their absence at the Geological Society of London.

paragraph: In 1855 Hunter was forced by ill health to return to Britain. He wrote several articles for the "British and Foreign Evangelical Review". In 1863 he published his "History of India". Among his other activities, he ran services for the Presbyterian Church of England at Sewardstone,and was children's minister of the church at the Victoria Docks which was built for him by the sugar magnate, James Duncan. In England, he was a member, though never a beneficed minister, of the Presbyterian Church of England.

paragraph: In 1882 Hunter built a house, Forest Retreat (now Forest Villa) on Staples Road, in the hilly part of Loughton, Essex later called by some Little Cornwall. The house had views over Epping Forest and the Roding Valley. On 23 February 1997, for the centenary of Hunter's death, Loughton Town Council placed a blue plaque on the house with the inscription "The Rev. Robert Hunter (1823-1897) Lexicographer and Naturalist lived here".

paragraph: He died at the house in 1897. He is buried in the City of London Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::"The Encyclopædic Dictionary".

paragraph: Hunter's best-known work is his "Encyclopædic Dictionary". This was the largest such dictionary in English, or indeed any language, at the time. Its page design is "a remarkable precursor of Murray's "OED" layout: bold lowercase is used for headwords, senses are divided using a ‘branching’ numbering system, and each sense within the hierarchy begins a new paragraph."

paragraph: Hunter's "colossal work" on the dictionary took up seventeen years of his life: seven years on his own, and then ten years working with the team of Henry Scherren and John Williams at Forest Retreat, Hunter's house in Loughton, Essex. His interest in lexicography remained unsated as he went on to edit Cassell's 764 page Bible Dictionary.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and distinctions.

paragraph: In 1868 Hunter became a Fellow of the Geological Society (FGS). In 1883 he was awarded an honorary LL.D. degree by Aberdeen University.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Hunter's older brother John, born in Newburgh in 1821, worked as a journalist in Canada and founded the first building society in Halifax; his family finally moved to Canada in 1857, and he changed his name to Hunter-Duvar in 1861.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Hunter. "The History of India; From the Earliest Ages to the Fall of the East India Company and the Proclamation of Queen Victoria in 1858". T. Nelson and sons, 1863.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Hunter, Henry Scherren, and John Williams. "The Encyclopædic Dictionary". 7 volumes [in 14]. Cassell & Company. London, Paris & New York. 1879-1888. Full text

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Hunter. "Cassell's concise Bible Dictionary or illustrated Bible Manual." Cassell & Company. 1893. Originally published as "The Sunday School Teacher's Bible Manual."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Hunter. "History of the missions of the Free church of Scotland in India and Africa". T. Nelson and sons, 1873.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Hunter, William Hume Elliot, Christopher Charles Pond. "The Life of Robert Hunter (1823-1897): Lexicographer Missionary, Geologist & Naturalist in Aberdeen, Nagpore, Victoria Docks, Sewardstone & Loughton". Loughton & District Historical Society, 1997.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photograph of Blue Plaque on Hunter's house at Loughton

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hills Amenity Society Discovery Trail

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archive.org, "The Encyclopædic Dictionary" (1884): only vol. 7 is scanned

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Encyclopædic Dictionary" (1902), with an identical extended subtitle. No author is attributed. Single-volumed. Published by Cassell.

description: lexicographer

wikidata_label: Robert Hunter

wikipedia_title: Robert Hunter (encyclopædist)


text: Amsterdam

text: Laren

text: Antwerp

text: decorative painter

text: Royal Academy of Fine Arts

text: Theodoor Verstraete

text: Exposition Universelle d'Anvers (1885)

text: Flanders

text: Barbizon

text: still-life

text: Dutch Masters

text: Salon

text: Blaricum

text: Pulchri Studio

text: Bohemian

text: Katwijk aan Zee

text: Baarn

text: Jules van den Bossche

text: Haarlem

text: ArtNet: More works by Pieters.

categories: 1932 deaths,19th-century Dutch painters,20th-century Dutch painters,Dutch male painters,1856 births,Artists from Amsterdam

paragraph: Evert Pieters

paragraph: Evert Pieters (11 December 1856, Amsterdam - 17 February 1932, Laren) was a Dutch painter, known primarily for landscapes and interiors.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born to a poor family and was apprenticed to a house painter at an early age. At the age of nineteen, he went to Antwerp, seeking an apprenticeship with a decorative painter to improve his chances of earning a good living. While there, he also took drawing classes in the evening at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Eventually, he found a position with the Belgian landscape painter, Theodoor Verstraete.

paragraph: He had his first successful showing at the Exposition Universelle d'Anvers (1885). He remained in Belgium as a freelance painter and won a medal at the Seconde Exposition Internationale d'Anvers in 1894 for his painting of a wheatfield in Flanders. He married shortly thereafter, dividing his time between Paris and Barbizon; concentrating on landscapes and still-lifes after the style of the old Dutch Masters. That same painting received a gold medal at the Salon two years later.

paragraph: In 1895 he returned to the Netherlands and settled in Blaricum. He was not as successful there, however, and his request for membership at the Pulchri Studio was denied. Despite being married, his life took on a Bohemian quality. He began doing interiors with figures, which became popular in the United States.

paragraph: Shortly after 1900, he spent time in Italy to recover from surgery. After that, his work became more Impressionistic and often included flowers. In 1905, he moved to Katwijk aan Zee and began painting beach scenes. A few years later, he moved to Laren and lived there until his sudden death during a taxi ride home from Baarn.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Pieters married Marie Eugenie van den Bossche (1855–1940), daughter of Jules van den Bossche and Badima, on 15 October 1895 in Haarlem.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- W.P.H. de Vries: "De schilder Evert Pieters en zijn werk", Frans Buffa & Zonen, 1926.

paragraph: BULLET::::- André Groeneveld, "Evert Pieters, 1856-1932: zee en zand en zonnige momenten", Katwijks Museum, 2006

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ArtNet: More works by Pieters.

alias:
Evart Pieters
Pieters
pieters e.
E. Pieters

description: painter from the Netherlands

wikidata_label: Evert Pieters

wikipedia_title: Evert Pieters


text: American Impressionist

text: illustrator

text: Impressionist painting

text: Monet

text: Montgomery Ward

text: Blue Network

text: The National Farm and Home Hour

text: Chicago Academy of Fine Arts

text: Carl Werntz

text: football

text: Edward Redfield

text: George Gardner Symons

text: Aldro Hibbard

text: Carson Pirie Scott & Co.

text: Wall Street

text: economic depression

text: The Depression

text: Modernism

text: Chicago Academy of Fine Arts

text: William Merritt Chase

text: Hoosier Group

text: American Academy of Art

text: Oak Park High School

text: Esquire

text: Louis Ritman

text: School of the Art Institute of Chicago

text: American Academy of Art

text: Haddon Sundblom

text: The Saturday Evening Post

text: war bond

text: plein air

text: Portugal

text: Spain

text: France

text: Louvre

text: Paris

text: Prado

text: Madrid

text: Israel

text: France

text: Impressionism

text: Hugh Downs

text: Claude Monet

text: American Art Review

text: Milwaukee Art Museum

text: R.W. Norton Art Gallery

text: Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum

text: Southland Corporation

text: Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum

text: Charles Allis Art Museum

text: John F. Kennedy's

text: Charlie Scheips

text: New York Social Diary

text: Hayward, Wisconsin

text: Florida Keys

text: Gulf of Mexico

text: Distinguished Artist Series

text: Season's of Light

text: New York Social Diary

categories: 20th-century American painters,Artists from Oak Park, Illinois,American illustrators,American male painters,Painters from Illinois,Painters from Wisconsin,1991 deaths,1914 births

paragraph: Richard Earl Thompson

paragraph: Richard Earl Thompson (September 26, 1914 – August 6, 1991) was a 20th-century American Impressionist painter who began his career as a commercial illustrator in Chicago, Illinois. In 1959, he broke away from a career as a commercial illustrator, which began in 1933, to pursue Impressionist painting. He was a prolific painter, often compared stylistically to Monet, and art critics agreed Thompson was a master of color and light. "Thompson's great appreciation for nature is observed in his landscapes that represent a point in time that has both a sense of history and eternity. The artist found beauty all around him; It was as nearby as his favorite fishing hole or a neighbor's backyard. In these simple yet intimate places, Thompson reminded others to take time to stop and take another look."

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Thompson was born at West Suburban Hospital in Oak Park, Illinois. Richard's father, Abijah Snyder Thompson, was an illustrator and commercial art director for Montgomery Ward in Chicago. At a young age Thompson was introduced to many of his father’s colleagues, sparking an early interest in the arts. He started to draw pencil sketches at age eight after watching his father draw at home in the evening. Richard's father also shared with his son his love for fishing and nature. When it was seasonable, they would travel from Chicago to Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, on weekend fishing trips. The nature scenes he observed on these excursions became subjects for his sketches. At age ten, Richard awoke a couple of hours before his parents on Christmas morning to find a gift with his name under the Christmas tree. Upon opening, he found it to be his own paint box together with canvas board, brushes, and paints. He set up a still life with an apple, orange, and a piece of drapery fabric from his mother’s sewing room. He painted for about two hours, and when his parents awoke they saw Richard’s first finished painting. They were so proud of his achievement that it served to intensify his desire to paint.

paragraph: His mother, Vera Thompson, was interested in the arts and music and encouraged Richard as a vocalist. He had already started to develop a career as a boy soprano by age ten and sang on the Blue Network on NBC's "The National Farm and Home Hour" radio program. Opportunities for further vocal training arose, but with his changing voice and his interest in art, Thompson made a decision to pursue art rather than music.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Thompson's mother was instrumental in furthering his art interests, taking him to the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts where she introduced him to Carl Werntz, the school owner and director. After Werntz looked at sketches by Richard, he was invited to enter day school. However, he was only fifteen and already had a diversified but tightly scheduled boyhood. He was looking forward to attending high school and playing football and could only consider art school on Saturdays. Before making the decision he wrote to two American Impressionist painters he admired, Edward Redfield and George Gardner Symons, who became known as leaders of the Impressionist clan. Both wrote back giving him encouragement and advice.

paragraph: Unlike his father, Richard did not yearn to be an illustrator or art director. His desire was to pursue the fine arts he had seen in Chicago exhibitions. He and his father spent a great deal of time talking about paintings and artists and attending every exhibit that came to Chicago. One exhibition of Aldro Hibbard at the Carson Pirie Scott & Co. department store stood out in his mind and had enormous impact on his career. The public also appreciated the exhibition, as it sold out in two days.

paragraph: In 1929, the stock market crashed on Wall Street, leading to a worldwide economic depression. The Depression drastically changed the art world and put an abrupt end to the Impressionist movement to make way for a new direction called Modernism.

paragraph: In 1930, Thompson, age 16, entered both Oak Park High School and art school at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, attending on Saturdays during the school year and day classes during the summer. Painter Frederick Milton Grant, who was a student of William Merritt Chase, was a mentor to Richard. He was surrounded by members of the Hoosier Group, a group of Impressionist painters who painted the Indiana landscape. He watched Carl Krafft, John Spellman, Jess Hobby, and Charles Dahlgren paint canvas after canvas. Richard often visited Hobby in his Oak Park studio and learned additional painting techniques not taught by Grant.

paragraph: In 1932, Thompson, age 18, entered art school for a two-year term at the American Academy of Art in Chicago. There were 21 instructors and 400 students. The academy had a reputation for training competent illustrators and designers. He was most inspired by two of them – Edmund Kellogg and Frederick Milton Grant. Thompson now saw his future career path temporarily shift to illustrator during the Depression economy.

paragraph: Section::::Commercial illustrator.

paragraph: In 1933, after graduating from Oak Park High School, Richard’s first job was with "Esquire" as a commercial artist. At night he was a student of Louis Ritman at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. At work he was learning the routine required of a commercial artist and at school he was learning both commercial and easel painting techniques. He knew the desire to launch a fine arts career would have to wait.

paragraph: The next twenty-six years, 1933-1959, would be the duration of his commercial art career in illustration. He joined with a layout man, Walter Wenzel, and together they freelanced as commercial artists. Thompson’s next job was with a large studio in Chicago, Vogue-Wright Studios. In addition to freelancing in the ad business, he taught at the American Academy of Art in 1935-37.

paragraph: During this period, in 1936, Thompson met the woman with whom he would share his life and career. In 1937, after dating for one year, Mary Munn and Richard married. They had three sons, Richard Earl Jr., Thomas Daniel, and Robert Bruce, who all became integral to supporting and inspiring their father’s career as a fine art American Impressionist.

paragraph: Chicago was filled with illustrators, and the advertising business was a competitive, stress-filled life with sixteen-hour workdays. However, Thompson felt it was important to maintain the life he and his family enjoyed living in Wisconsin, so he commuted 150 miles by train daily.

paragraph: Thompson worked in the studio of Haddon Sundblom creating ad campaigns for Coca-Cola that graced the back covers of The Saturday Evening Post. Thompson painted much of the original material, and Sundblom put on the finish. Thompson remembers Sundblom as a great talent and continued to work for him during the war years until 1944.

paragraph: In the mid-forties and fifties, Thompson owned and operated his own studio and advertising business in Chicago. He went back to freelancing with friend and fellow artist, Jim Sigmund. The twosome created hundreds of trade ads. During this time Thompson was commissioned by the United States Treasury Department to paint war bond posters. He worked on large advertising and promotional campaigns for Coca-Cola, Anheuser-Busch, Standard Oil, Miller Brewing Company, and many other firms until 1959. During this time he kept a watchful eye on the American art scene, never giving up his desire to become a fine art painter.

paragraph: Section::::Fine art painter.

paragraph: In 1959, illustrations in commercial art were being replaced by photography. Thompson now had reason to become a fine arts painter. At forty-five he gave up a handsome salary and commercial art career to pursue what he had set out to do when he was fifteen years old – paint. Talent, courage, inspiration, and family support enabled him to make his final break from commercial art.

paragraph: The next seventeen years, 1960-1977, were spent traveling, painting, and establishing representation in galleries throughout the United States. Richard and his wife Mary traveled by car to Arizona and he would set up an easel on the side of the road to paint in plein air style. Travel also included a trip to Portugal, Spain, and France in 1970 with his youngest son Bruce, who is a photographer. Richard's desire was to experience the light quality and essence of the countryside painted by the great European Impressionists he admired. Richard and Bruce visited the Louvre in Paris and the Prado in Madrid. As a result of the trip, a show was produced and well received by the public at a one-man exhibition at Veldman Art Gallery in Milwaukee. Two years later, in 1972, father and son traveled to Israel and France to gather new material for future paintings. Another new body of paintings was produced from the second trip. Trips within the U.S. included the vividly colored New England states in the fall and the beautiful spring budding of the Southeast.

paragraph: Impressionism had fallen out of popularity, so Thompson needed to convince his prospective dealers that his work would sell. He was confident his work had merit and strove to express himself artistically by relying on years of extensive training. He continued to work hard, even experimenting with painting styles other than Impressionism, but he was not satisfied. The art he had loved as a boy was in his heart and soul. He knew nothing else would have sincerity.

paragraph: In 1977, since he was successfully showing and selling his paintings in eight notable U.S. galleries, he felt he couldn’t spread himself much thinner. He seemed to be spending more time framing, crating, and shipping than painting. The market for his paintings had grown every year, and he wondered how could he keep up with the demand. He found himself at a crossroads and contemplated his next move.

paragraph: Thompson’s oldest son Richard Jr. offered his expertise in sales. His solution to the dilemma facing his father was to establish a business plan and start his own gallery. The Richard Thompson Gallery at 80 Maiden Lane in San Francisco, California, was opened in an upscale shopping district of the city. Richard Jr. was the director.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.

paragraph: The grand opening exhibit of Richard Thompson Gallery was on November 19, 1977. In February 1978 Thompson was interviewed by Hugh Downs on the National Public Television program “Over Easy.” Thompson’s career catapulted. Paintings sales in the new gallery were brisk, and Thompson enjoyed a lifestyle that allowed him freedom to paint.

paragraph: In July 1979 a feature article in "The Milwaukee Journal", written by art critic James Auer, gave Thompson the title of “Wisconsin’s Monet.” He admitted he was influenced by the great Impressionist Claude Monet. Thompson also felt much more could be explored after the era of Impressionism ended. This is where he felt he was the continuing link and could further the work started by the early Impressionists. He was devoted to colors created by the sun. “Color is then unlimited, as the sun is ever changing,” he said.

paragraph: A biography titled "Richard Earl Thompson, American Impressionist: A Prophetic Odyssey in Paint" was published in 1982 and written by art historian Patricia Jobe Pierce. During the summer of 1990 a film crew visited his summer home in northern Wisconsin to film his life, loves, painting, and philosophy. Unfortunately, he did not live to see the film because he died from pancreatic cancer on August 6, 1991. The film is titled "American Impressionist, Richard Earl Thompson" from the Holiday Video Library, a division of Finley Holiday Films.

paragraph: Thompson produced more than 1,525 numbered paintings in his fine arts career. He had numerous reviews, and his works adorned many covers of accredited magazines such as "Reader’s Digest, American Art Review, Southwest Art, Western Art Digest, Midwest Art, International Fine Art Collector," and "Country Gentleman". Thompson's paintings were chosen for eight covers on "The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA)" magazine, with comprehensive articles included for each. He was a regular on the covers of "Yankee Magazine" and "Fortune’s Almanac."

paragraph: Thompson had eighteen one-man exhibits and was collected in private and corporate collections worldwide. Among them are The Lewer Agency, Kansas City, Missouri; Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Naval Art Collection, Pentagon, Washington, D.C.; R.W. Norton Art Gallery, Shreveport, Louisiana;, Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, Wausau, Wisconsin; and The Southland Corporation, Dallas, Texas. His work was exhibited in three museums – Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum in Wausau, Wisconsin, the Norton Art Museum & Gallery, Shreveport, Louisiana and Charles Allis Art Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

paragraph: President John F. Kennedy's tragic event in 1963, marked 50 years in 2013. Charlie Scheips, the author of the "Art Set" column of the New York Social Diary, wrote a retrospect to 1963 and the turbulent times that forever changed our country and the impact it made on the art world. Artist Richard Earl Thompson was included in his article which can be seen below in External links.

paragraph: His thirty years as an American Impressionist painter were his happiest. Thompson remained an avid fisherman throughout his life and enjoyed classical music and good cigars, especially while painting. He maintained homes on waterfronts throughout his lifetime. One was a summer home on Big Round Lake near Hayward, Wisconsin in the northern part of the state, and the other was a winter retreat in the Florida Keys on the Gulf of Mexico, both equipped with painting studios designed by son and architect, Dan Thompson .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Distinguished Artist Series

paragraph: BULLET::::- Season's of Light

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Social Diary

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Auer (Milwaukee Journal art critic) Lifetime Achievement Award

alias:
Richard Earl, Sr. Thompson
Richard Earl I Thompson
Richard Earl, I Thompson
Richard Earl Thompson I
Richard Thompson

description: American Impressionist painter

wikidata_label: Richard Earl Thompson

wikipedia_title: Richard Earl Thompson


href: Cumbria Brittany Genevieve Plouedern Lannedern Anatole%20Le%20Braz

text:
Cumbria
Brittany
Genevieve
Plouedern
Lannedern
Anatole Le Braz

paragraph: Saint Edern

paragraph: Saint Edern was a monk of the end of the ninth century, feast 26 August (31 August or 1 September by the old liturgical calendar). He may have been from Ireland or Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Legend suggests that Saint Edern left Cumbria, where he was from, to go evangelize in Brittany. Accompanied by his sister Jenovefa (who could be a figure of St. Genevieve, or St. Genevieve herself), he took a road leading to a high summit on which he built a house for his sister and a simple hut for himself.

paragraph: Three main legendary stories concern him:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Edern's stag: pursued by a gentleman and his dogs, a stag took refuge under Edern's monastic robe, seeming to ask him asylum to escape death. Tamed, the stag never left him, remaining his companion until death. This is why St. Edern is almost always represented riding a deer. According to another version, he met this deer one evening, and riding all night on the back of the animal, delimited the borders of the country he was to Christianize.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The cow of St. Edern: the hermit had a poor cow that had gone astray on the lands of the lord of Quistinit, a neighboring castle. The cow had been left for dead, attacked on his orders by the dogs of this lord. The hermit brought her back to life. Had the lord been more insightful, he would have noticed that where this cow grazed, wheat grew in greater abundance.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His meeting with the duke of Brittany and his troops: passing by the Bois de Coat-ar-Roch where the hermit lived, a soldier of the duke struck on the right cheek Edern who did not answer his request for information fast enough because he was looking for his way. In accordance with the Gospel, Edern offered his left cheek. But the divine chastisement struck the entire throng with blindness until it reached Leon. The Duke having vowed to build a church where he would recover his sight, it happened at the place henceforth called Plouedern, where a church was erected in honor of St. Edern.

paragraph: Edern died at Lannedern, where his tomb is located, at an unknown date, on 1 September.

paragraph: St. Edern was invoked under the name of Sancti Egidii, especially to combat eye diseases.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anatole Le Braz, "Les Saints bretons d'après la tradition populaire en Cornouaille", paru dans "Les Annales de Bretagne", 1893-1894, puis, en recueil à Paris : chez Calmann-Lévy, 1937, p.51-70

wikidata_label: Saint Edern

wikipedia_title: Saint Edern


text:
Donja Šatornja
Belgrade
struggle for Macedonia
Balkan Wars
Great War
Vojin Popović
Vojislav Tankosić
Chetniks in the Balkan Wars
Military Academy
Povardarie
Preševo
Kumanovo
Kriva Palanka
Kratovo
Ovče Pole
Young Turk
First Balkan War
Lisica
Second Balkan War
Medveđa
Kuršumlija
Lukovo
Kolašin

categories: 1940 deaths,Serbian military personnel,Serbian military personnel of World War I,1874 births

paragraph: Alimpije Marjanovic

paragraph: Alimpije Marjanović (Donja Šatornja, 24 December 1874 - Belgrade, 15 March 1940) was a Serbian revolutionary and commander who fought in the struggle for Macedonia, the Balkan Wars and the Great War. His military reputation is equal to Vojin Popović and Vojislav Tankosić as leading Chetniks in the Balkan Wars and World War I.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born in Donja Šatornja. After his primary education, the family moved to Belgrade where Marjanović finished high school and entered the Military Academy. He rounded out his education in post-graduate studies in France.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He spent 23 years in the army with 27 different services. He retired as a colonel.

paragraph: In 1908, Major Marjanović served as the head of the eastern Povardarie's mountain headquarters as commander of all the Serbian bands in the vicinity of Preševo, Kumanovo, Kriva Palanka and Kratovo. He was given a nickname "Ovčepoljski" after the region (Ovce Pole) for reforming the Serbian Chetnik Organization of the Serbian Defense Force and linking Serbian armies and organizing villages of the Western and Eastern Povardarie across Ovče Pole. His work was nullified by the Young Turk revolution on 23 July 1908.

paragraph: In the First Balkan War of 1912, Marjanović served as the head of the Chetnik Detachment Command, attached to the headquarters of the Supreme Command of the Regular Army and commander of the Chetnik Detachment in the district of Lisica. In the Second Balkan War, he was the commander of a Serbian Army Brigade. He participated in the First World War, leading one of the most notable detachments -- Third Army detachments in Medveđa, Kuršumlija, Lukovo and Kolašin. He died on 15 March 1940 in Belgrade.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Three Karadjordje's stars, two fourth and one third degrees,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the White Eagle of the fifth degree

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two Gold Medal for Courage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medal for Military Virtues

paragraph: BULLET::::- Five monuments: Monument to King Peter, The Monument of the Serbian-Turkish War 1912, the Monument of the Serbian-Bulgarian War of 1913, the First World War Memorial 1914-1918, and the Albanian monument of 1917.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Narodna enciklopedija Srpsko-hrvatsko-slovenačka, br. 1, 607.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adapted from Serbian Wikipedia.

description: Serbian officer (b. 1874, d. 1940)

wikidata_label: Alimpije Marjanovic

wikipedia_title: Alimpije Marjanovic


text:
Cambridge
United Kingdom
keyboardist
English
punk rock
The Damned
Captain Sensible
The Damned
Sumerian Kyngs
Monty Oxymoron Official Website

categories: English rock keyboardists,1961 births,People from Brighton,The Damned (band) members,Living people

paragraph: Monty Oxymoron

paragraph: Monty Oxymoron (born 27 September 1961 in Cambridge, United Kingdom) is a keyboardist for the English punk rock group The Damned.

paragraph: His previous bands include Punk Floyd and Dr. Spacetoad Experience, with Captain Sensible. He released a few solo projects in the 1980s and 2000s. He joined The Damned in early 1996 and continues to tour and record with them. Monty also works as keyboardist and percussionist with the Sumerian Kyngs and as keyboardist with Tim Burness.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monty Oxymoron Official Website

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Monty Oxy Moron

wikipedia_title: Monty Oxymoron


text: stand-up comedian

text: actor

text: author

text: Blue Collar Comedy Tour

text: New York Times

text: Fritch, Texas

text: United States Navy

text: USS "Conserver"

text: Vietnam War

text: Jeff Foxworthy

text: Bill Engvall

text: Larry the Cable Guy

text: Blue Collar Comedy Tour

text: United States

text: Blue Collar TV

text: WB Television Network

text: The Ron White Show

text: variety show

text: cameos

text: cartoon

text: The Gong Show with Dave Attell

text: Kath & Kim

text: Reno 911!

text: 12 Miles of Bad Road

text: Sex and the City 2

text: Horrible Bosses

text: Scotch

text: Behavioral Problems

text: Michael Blakey (Media Executive)

text: President of the United States

text: independent

text: Roadies

text: Margo Rey

text: marijuana

text: Vero Beach, Florida

text: Texas

text: Armed Forces Foundation

text: Hurricane Katrina

text: Best Comedy Album

text: 56th Annual Grammy Awards

text: Blue Collar Comedy Tour

text: Drunk in Public

text: You Can't Fix Stupid

text: Comedy Central

text: Jeff Foxworthy

text: Bill Engvall

text: Official website

text: WTF Podcast Episode 470: Ron White

categories: People from Fritch, Texas,21st-century American politicians,American stand-up comedians,American male film actors,20th-century American comedians,American male voice actors,1956 births,American male television actors,Candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election,United States Navy personnel,Capitol Records artists,21st-century American comedians,21st-century American male actors,Living people,American military personnel of the Vietnam War,American country singer-songwriters,Male actors from Texas,Songwriters from Texas,American male comedians

paragraph: Ron White

paragraph: Ronald Dee White (born December 18, 1956) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and author, best known as a charter member of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour. Nicknamed "Tater Salad", he is the author of the book "I Had the Right to Remain Silent But I Didn't Have the Ability", which appeared on the "New York Times" best seller list.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ronald Dee White was born on December 18, 1956 in Fritch, Texas, to Charles Don White and Barbara Joan Craig.

paragraph: White served in the United States Navy. According to his own account, White joined the service at age 17 and served on the auxiliary rescue and salvage ship USS "Conserver" near the end of the Vietnam War. From a young age his dream was to become a comedian. He lived in Mexico for a brief period and bought a pottery factory there before returning to the U.S. to pursue comedy.

paragraph: From January 2000 through March 2003, White toured with Jeff Foxworthy, Bill Engvall, and Larry the Cable Guy as part of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour – a show that sold out across the United States in over 90 cities and grossed over $15 million. He made seven guest appearances on "Blue Collar TV". In 2005, The WB Television Network aired the pilot for "The Ron White Show", a variety show that combined a number of celebrity cameos, cartoons, and sketches. He taped several episodes of "The Gong Show with Dave Attell" as one of the celebrity judges. White has appeared in the TV shows "Kath & Kim", "Reno 911!", "12 Miles of Bad Road", the films "Sex and the City 2" and "Horrible Bosses", and a cameo in a Rascal Flatts music video, "Why Wait".

paragraph: White is known for drinking Scotch as part of his act, as well as smoking cigars or cigarettes. He stated during his "You Can't Fix Stupid" show, "Somebody asked what I was drinking. If the company that made the stuff I was drinking was paying me, I'd have it in their bottle and not mine. But it's the kind of scotch that people drink that are going to die penniless. It's good though!" In 2009 Comedy Central released Ron's stand up DVD "Behavioral Problems".

paragraph: In 2010, Ron White and producer Michael Blakey (Media Executive) formed Organica Music Group (OMG), a label that promotes both emerging and established musicians and comedians. OMG indicated that it would release all of White's future DVDs and CDs. In November 2015, White announced that he was running for President of the United States as an independent candidate in 2016. In 2016, White starred as Phil, veteran road manager for the fictional Staton-House Band, in the Showtime series "Roadies".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: White was married to Lori Brice from 1981 to 1993 and they had one son, Marshall. He was then married to Barbara Dobbs from 2004 to 2008. His third marriage, to

paragraph: singer Margo Rey, was from 2013 to 2017

paragraph: On September 7, 2008, White was arrested on charges of possession of marijuana and drug paraphernalia after an anonymous tip informed Vero Beach, Florida police that White's private plane would be carrying narcotics. He was found to be in possession of 7/8 of a gram of marijuana, which White later described as being "out of marijuana".

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognition.

paragraph: April 27, 2009 was designated as "Ron White Day" in the State of Texas by Texas legislative officials. White received the Armed Forces Foundation's "Patriot Award" in March 2009 for his work in raising money to help wounded soldiers. He also held benefit shows for Hurricane Katrina relief. White's 2013 comedy album, "A Little Unprofessional", was nominated for Best Comedy Album in the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in January 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Comedy releases.

paragraph: Besides the Blue Collar Comedy Tour CDs and films, White has released 7 solo projects to date.

paragraph: Solo Works

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tater Salad aka. Busted in Des Moines" (1990) (CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drunk in Public" (2003) (CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They Call Me "Tater Salad"" (2004) (DVD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Can't Fix Stupid" (2006) (DVD & CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Behavioral Problems" (2009) (DVD & CD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Little Unprofessional" (2012) (DVD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "If You Quit Listening, I’ll Shut Up" (2018) (Netflix)

paragraph: He has appeared on the following compilation albums:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Redneck Comedy Roundup" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Comedy Central Presents Southern Gents of Comedy" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ron White, Jeff Foxworthy & Bill Engvall: Live from Las Vegas" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Redneck Kings of Comedy" (2005)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Organica Music Group, Ron White and Michael Blakey's record label

paragraph: BULLET::::- WTF Podcast Episode 470: Ron White

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radio Labyrinth 217: Ron White Doug Stanhope

description: American comedian

enwikiquote_title: Ron White

wikidata_label: Ron White

wikipedia_title: Ron White


text:
Danish
racing cyclist
UCI Women's Team
2008

categories: Danish female cyclists,Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics,1988 births,Sportspeople from Copenhagen,Danish track cyclists,Olympic cyclists of Denmark,Living people

paragraph: Trine Schmidt

paragraph: Trine Schmidt (born June 3, 1988) is a Danish professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Team .

paragraph: Section::::Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017

description: Danish racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Trine Schmidt

wikipedia_title: Trine Schmidt


text:
Miami
American
tug of war
1904 Summer Olympics
St. Louis

categories: Olympic tug of war competitors of the United States,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in tug of war,Medalists at the 1904 Summer Olympics,1883 births,Tug of war competitors at the 1904 Summer Olympics,1967 deaths

paragraph: Max Braun

paragraph: Max Braun (March 12, 1883 – May 1967 in Miami) was an American tug of war competitor and Olympic medalist. He competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, where he received a silver medal.

description: Olympic tug of war competitor

wikidata_label: Max Braun

wikipedia_title: Max Braun


text: Roman Catholic

text: Bishop

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Archdiocese of San Francisco

text: San Mateo

text: Junípero Serra High School

text: Mountain View, California

text: Menlo Park

text: Master of Divinity

text: University of San Francisco

text: Archdiocese of San Francisco

text: San Francisco

text: Mission Dolores

text: Pastor

text: San Francisco

text: Vicar

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Titular Bishop

text: Auxiliary Bishop

text: Archdiocese of San Francisco

text: Vicar General

text: St. Patrick Seminary

text: Menlo Park

text: Mission Dolores

text: San Francisco

text: George Hugh Niederauer

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

wikipedia_title: Junípero Serra High School (San Mateo, California)

wikipedia_title: Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption (San Francisco, California)

wikipedia_title: List of Catholic bishops in the United States

wikipedia_title: Lists of popes, patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops

categories: Saint Patrick's Seminary and University alumni,American Roman Catholic bishops,1942 births,Living people

paragraph: William J. Justice

paragraph: William Joseph Justice, (born 8 May 1942) is an American Roman Catholic Bishop. On 10 April 2008 it was announced that Pope Benedict XVI appointed Justice as the Auxiliary Bishop to serve the Archdiocese of San Francisco.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and clerical formation.

paragraph: William J. Justice was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts on May 8, 1942. His family moved to San Mateo, California in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1946. He attended St. Matthew Elementary in San Mateo (1948–51) and graduated from St. Gregory Elementary in San Mateo (1956). He then graduated from Junípero Serra High School in San Mateo (1960).

paragraph: Justice entered the seminary, first at St. Joseph College, Mountain View, California in 1962 and later St. Patrick Seminary, Menlo Park where he earned a Master of Divinity degree in 1968. He then went to earn a Master of Applied Spirituality degree from the University of San Francisco in 1980. Fluent in Spanish, Justice studied the language during the summer of 1969 at Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. He took additional instruction at the Intensive Spanish Language Program at Cuernavaca, Morelia, Mexico during the summer of 1971.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Priestly ministry.

paragraph: Justice was first ordained as a priest for the Archdiocese of San Francisco in 1968 in San Francisco. He was ordained on May 17, 1968 by Archbishop Joseph McGucken, shortly after graduating from St. Patrick Seminary. His first parish assignment shortly after ordination was as parochial vicar at St. John the Evangelist, San Francisco (1968–70). He has also been parochial vicar at All Souls Parish, South San Francisco (1970–76) and St. Paul Parish, San Francisco ( 1976–79 ). Justice was Pastor of St. Peter Parish (1985–91), All Souls Parish (1991–2003), and Mission Dolores Basilica Parish (2003–2007).

paragraph: Justice's first appointment as Pastor was for St. Peter Parish in San Francisco, in 1985.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Episcopal ministry.

paragraph: In 1979 he was appointed Director of the Office for the Permanent Diaconate, and in 1981 began to serve as Secretary of Pastoral Ministry at the Chancery, he helped spearhead Spanish Ministry while also working as part - time director of the Permanent Diaconate Program. From 1982 - 85 he headed the Pastoral Ministry Office. Justice was called back to the Pastoral Center in 2007 to become the Archdiocesan Vicar for Clergy. The following year, Pope Benedict XVI appointed him Titular Bishop of Matara de Proconsolari and Auxiliary Bishop for the Archdiocese of San Francisco. While he was Episcopal Vicar for Clergy, Justice also served as Vicar General of the Archdiocese. Bishop Justice is a trustee of St. Patrick Seminary, Menlo Park. He currently chairs three archdiocesan boards, the Priest Personnel Board, the Ongoing Formation Board, and the Priests' Retirement Board. He chaired the Priests' Council from September 2006 to June 2007 and took part in the Alliance of Mission District Catholic Schools while pastor of Mission Dolores Basilica Parish. He was consecrated auxiliary bishop of San Francisco by Metropolitan Archbishop of San Francisco George Hugh Niederauer on 28 May 2008, 2 PM, at the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption.

paragraph: On November 16, 2017, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Justice's resignation after reaching the retirement age of 75.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- USCCB Bishop Listing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- USCCB Announcement of Justice becoming Auxiliary Bishop

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archdiocese of San Francisco announcement of Justice becoming Auxiliary Bishop

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: William J. Justice

wikipedia_title: William J. Justice


text:
American football
linebacker
Cleveland Browns
2008 NFL Draft
college football
UNLV
Omaha Nighthawks
Las Vegas Locomotives
Spokane Shock
BC Lions
Los Angeles Kiss
Philadelphia Soul
high school football
Tustin High School
Tustin, California
UNLV
Mountain West Conference
UNLV
started
Randall Cunningham
Cleveland Browns
2008 NFL Draft
Omaha Nighthawks
United Football League
BC Lions
Canadian Football League
Philadelphia Soul
Derrick Ross
Arizona Rattlers
ArenaBowl XXIX
All-Arena
Tampa Bay Storm
ArenaBowl XXX
Albany Empire

wikipedia_title:
American football
Linebacker
Cleveland Browns
2008 NFL Draft
College football
UNLV Rebels football
Omaha Nighthawks
Las Vegas Locomotives
Spokane Shock
BC Lions
Los Angeles Kiss
Philadelphia Soul
High school football
Tustin High School
Tustin, California
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Mountain West Conference
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Starting lineup
Randall Cunningham
Cleveland Browns
2008 NFL Draft
Omaha Nighthawks
United Football League (2009–2012)
BC Lions
Canadian Football League
Philadelphia Soul
Derrick Ross
Arizona Rattlers
ArenaBowl XXIX
All-Arena
Tampa Bay Storm
ArenaBowl XXX
Albany Empire (AFL)

categories: UNLV Rebels football players,Cleveland Browns players,Players of American football from California,1986 births,Sportspeople from Orange County, California,People from Tustin, California,Spokane Shock players,Las Vegas Locomotives players,Los Angeles Kiss players,American football linebackers,Omaha Nighthawks players,Philadelphia Soul players,Living people

paragraph: Beau Bell (American football)

paragraph: James Beaumont "Beau" Bell (born May 26, 1986) is a former American football linebacker. He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the fourth round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He played college football at UNLV. Bell was also a member of the Omaha Nighthawks, Las Vegas Locomotives, Spokane Shock, BC Lions, Los Angeles Kiss and Philadelphia Soul.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Bell played high school football at Tustin High School in Tustin, California.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Bell played inside linebacker at UNLV. Bell was the 2007 Mountain West Conference Defensive MVP. He played 41 games at UNLV and started 26. He was named league player of the week four times, tying the school record set by former Rebel Randall Cunningham.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Browns.

paragraph: Bell was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the fourth round (104th overall) of the 2008 NFL Draft. He was waived on September 5, 2009

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Omaha Nighthawks.

paragraph: Bell signed with the Omaha Nighthawks of the United Football League on August 12, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:BC Lions.

paragraph: On May 17, 2012, Bell was signed by the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Philadelphia Soul.

paragraph: On February 20, 2015, Bell was traded to the Philadelphia Soul in exchange for Derrick Ross. On January 28, 2016, Bell was assigned to the Soul for the 2016 season. On August 26, 2016, the Soul beat the Arizona Rattlers in ArenaBowl XXIX by a score of 56–42. He earned First Team All-Arena honors in 2017. On August 26, 2017, the Soul beat the Tampa Bay Storm in ArenaBowl XXX by a score of 44–40.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.

paragraph: In March 2018, it was announced that Bell had joined the Albany Empire as the team's Director of Player Personnel and Pass Rush Coordinator.

paragraph: In 2019, Bell returned to the Philadelphia Soul and was Promoted to General Manager / Assistant Head Coach.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- UNLV Rebels bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Beau Bell

wikipedia_title: Beau Bell (American football)