text: Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy

text: Eleanor Fitzalan

text: Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel

text: Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel

text: Patrick IV, Earl of March

text: Northumberland

text: Edward II of England

text: Pickering Castle

text: Scarborough

text: York

text: Despensers

text: William Zouche

text: Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton

text: Edward III

text: Skipton

text: Warkworth

text: siege of Berwick

text: Battle of Halidon Hill

text: Berwick-upon-Tweed

text: Battle of Neville's Cross

text: 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick

text: Thomas Percy, Bishop of Norwich

text: John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby

text: John FitzWalter, 2nd Baron FitzWalter

text: Henry FitzHugh, 3rd Baron FitzHugh

text: Lanercost Chronicle

text: Maxwell, Sir Herbert

categories: Barons in the Peerage of England,1299 births,Percy family,1352 deaths,Barons Percy,People of the Hundred Years' War

paragraph: Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy

paragraph: Henry de Percy, 9th Baron Percy and 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick (1298–1352) was the son of Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick, and Eleanor Fitzalan, daughter of Sir Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel, and sister of Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel.

paragraph: Henry was sixteen when his father died, so the Barony was placed in the custody of John de Felton.

paragraph: In 1316 he was granted the lands of Patrick IV, Earl of March, in Northumberland, by King Edward II of England. In 1322, was made governor of Pickering Castle and of the town and castle of Scarborough and was later knighted at York. Henry joined with other barons to remove the Despensers, who were favorites of Edward II.

paragraph: Following a disastrous war with the Scots, Henry was empowered along with William Zouche to negotiate the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton. This was an unpopular treaty and peace between England and Scotland lasted only five years.

paragraph: He was appointed to Edward III's Council in 1327 and was given the manor and castle of Skipton. Was granted, by Edward III, the castle and barony of Warkworth in 1328. He was at the siege of Dunbar, the siege of Berwick and the Battle of Halidon Hill and was subsequently appointed constable of Berwick-upon-Tweed. In 1346, Henry commanded the right wing of the English, at the Battle of Neville's Cross.

paragraph: He married Idonia, daughter of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, and had the following children;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry, b.1320, succeeded his father as 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Percy, Bishop of Norwich

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maud Percy, married John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleanor Percy, married John FitzWalter, 2nd Baron FitzWalter (c.1315 – 18 October 1361)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabel Percy, married Sir William de Aton, 2nd Lord Aton, and had a daughter, Katherine Aton. Katherine Aton's son, William Eure, married Maud FitzHugh, daughter of Henry FitzHugh, 3rd Baron FitzHugh.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret married in 1340 Sir Robert d'Umfraville of Pallethorp, Hessle, Yorks; she married as his 2nd wife before 1368 William Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Groby (1332-1370) son of Henry Ferrers of Groby by Isabel de Verdun. Margaret died 1375 at Gyng, Essex.

paragraph: In 1329, he founded a chantry, to celebrate divine service for his soul.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brenan, Gerald, "A History of the House of Percy" IIvols. London 1902.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lanercost Chronicle", trans. & ed. Maxwell, Sir Herbert. Glasgow 1913.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tate, George, The History of the Borough, Castle, and Barony of Alnwick, Vol.1, Henry Hunter Blair, 1866.

description: English magnate

wikidata_label: Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy

wikipedia_title: Henry Percy, 2nd Baron Percy

wikipedia_title: Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy


text: Major General

text: South African Army

text: Second World War

text: Caledon, Cape Colony

text: King's Royal Rifle Corps

text: Anglican

text: St Andrew's College

text: Grahamstown

text: Diocesan College

text: Rondebosch

text: public servant

text: (Cape Peninsula Rifles)

text: Active Citizen Force

text: Permanent Force

text: commissioned rank

text: staff duties

text: Roberts Heights

text: South African staff Corps

text: Transvaal Horse Artillery

text: captain

text: Special Service Battalion

text: Officer Commanding

text: lieutenant colonel

text: Brigade of Guards

text: Aldershot

text: Pirbright

text: Senior Officers' School

text: Sheerness

text: South African Military College

text: Commandant

text: 1st Infantry Division

text: colonel

text: 2nd Infantry Division

text: brigadier

text: 2nd Infantry Brigade

text: Mersa Matruh

text: Gazala Line

text: Second Battle of El Alamein

text: major general

text: 6th Armoured Division

text: British Eighth Army

text: Florence

text: Fifth United States Army

text: General Officer Administration

text: Allied Central Mediterranean Force

text: repatriation

text: mentioned in despatches

text: Distinguished Service Order

text: Companion of the Order of the Bath

text: Legion of Merit

text: Legion of Honour

text: Croix de Guerre

text: Chief of Staff

text: National Party

text: D. F. Malan

text: envoy extraordinary

text: minister plenipotentiary

text: Order of King George I

text: St Andrew's College

text: Grahamstown

text: inter-house

text: cadet

text: Hermanus

text: The Generals of WWII

categories: Companions of the Order of the Bath,Ambassadors of South Africa to Greece,Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France),1969 deaths,Alumni of St. Andrew's College (South Africa),Ambassadors of South Africa to Chile,Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,1902 births,South African military personnel of World War II,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Recipients of the Order of George I,Western Desert Campaign,South African people of British descent,Commanders of the Legion of Merit

paragraph: Evered Poole

paragraph: Major General William Henry Evered Poole, (8 October 1902 – 9 March 1969) was a senior South African Army commander during the Second World War and later a diplomat.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: William Henry Evered Poole was born in Caledon, Cape Colony on 8 October 1902. He was the son of Major William John Evered Poole, previously of the 60th King's Royal Rifle Corps, and Constance van Breda, a member of one of the best-known Cape Colony families, who had married in October the previous year. As the first-born son, he was given Evered as his last name in accordance with age-old Poole tradition.

paragraph: Poole attended an Anglican private boys' school, St Andrew's College in Grahamstown, from 1911 to 1917 and the Diocesan College, informally known as "Bishops", Rondebosch in 1918.

paragraph: In 1927, Poole married Elsie Irene van Boeschoten and had one daughter. After the dissolution of the marriage in 1951, he married Maureen Naish-Gray on 22 October 1951.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Regimental service and peacetime commands.

paragraph: In 1920, while a public servant, Poole joined the 9th Infantry Regiment (Cape Peninsula Rifles) of the Active Citizen Force as a private.

paragraph: Poole transferred to the Permanent Force in 1922. He was placed first on the course for promotion to commissioned rank on 11 September 1923. He was next posted as a lieutenant to the 3rd Battery, South African Field Artillery and transferred to the South African Permanent Garrison Artillery at Cape Town in March 1925, when he again qualified in the first place on a garrison gunnery course. In 1927, he attended a staff duties course at the South African Military College at Roberts Heights and was attached to the South African staff Corps at the college in 1929, again passing out in the first place on a staff duties course of the Permanent Force in 1931. Appointed officer instructor to the Transvaal Horse Artillery for 1931–32, he qualified as a captain in the Field Artillery at the end of 1931. In June 1932, he was granted the temporary rank of captain as staff officer, 'A' and 'G', in Cape Town and transferred to the staff corps.

paragraph: Poole was subsequently posted to the Special Service Battalion as second-in-command with the rank of major. He became the Officer Commanding of the battalion in February 1934. In June 1935, he was granted the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel and was attached to the British Brigade of Guards at Aldershot, in London, and at Pirbright until September 1935. For the rest of the year, he attended the Senior Officers' School at Sheerness. He returned to South Africa to resume command of the Special Service Battalion in 1936.

paragraph: In October 1937, Poole was transferred to the South African Military College and became Commandant of the college on 16 March 1938. Following the Union's entry into the Second World War in September 1939, Poole organised the greatly expanded facilities at the college, including the huge 'B' Mess dining halls seating 500 officer cadets.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Second World War.

paragraph: Poole was appointed General Service Officer Grade 1 (GSO1) of 1st Infantry Division, with the rank of colonel, on its formation in August 1940. However, when the 2nd Infantry Division was formed he became its GSO1 on 1 October 1940.

paragraph: In April 1941, Poole was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier. In June, he was transferred back to the 1st Division as brigadier to take command of the 2nd Infantry Brigade in Egypt. He saw active service with the brigade at Mersa Matruh, commanding 'Braforce' under the 2nd Division on the Egyptian frontier later in 1941, and then with the 1st Division on the Gazala Line from February to May 1942. He returned temporarily to South Africa as officer commanding Cape Fortress until rejoining his brigade at El Alamein in August 1942. There he commanded the brigade in the Second Battle of El Alamein in October–November 1942. He returned to South Africa as second-in-command of the 1st Division.

paragraph: Poole assumed command, with the rank of major general, of the 6th Armoured Division on its formation in February 1943. He retained command throughout its training in the Middle East and subsequent service in Italy as part of the British Eighth Army. After the liberation of Florence, the division became part of the Fifth United States Army. At the end of the war, he became General Officer Administration of all South African troops in the Allied Central Mediterranean Force until their repatriation on 2 March 1946.

paragraph: During the Second World War, Poole was twice mentioned in despatches, received the Distinguished Service Order, and was invested as a Companion of the Order of the Bath and as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. He was among the very few South Africans to be invested as a Commander of the United States Legion of Merit, and was invested as a Commander of the French Legion of Honour. He also received the French Croix de Guerre.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war and diplomatic career.

paragraph: In 1948, Poole was passed over as Chief of Staff by the newly elected National Party government of Dr D. F. Malan and posted to Berlin to head the South African military mission there. After this he switched to a diplomatic career. He was subsequently appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Italy, Greece and Egypt, and in 1954 was transferred to Argentina and Chile. In 1960, he became ambassador to Greece.

paragraph: As a diplomat, Poole was a invested as a Knight of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem. Whilst ambassador to Greece, he was decorated with the Order of King George I in 1964. St Andrew's College, Grahamstown, annually award the General Evered Poole Cadet Cup to the winning house in the inter-house cadet competition.

paragraph: In his last years, Poole suffered from a lung ailment which forced his retirement in 1966. In retirement, he spent half the year at his home in Hermanus, Cape Province, and the other half in Greece, aboard the Poole's yacht "Estrellita". He died on 9 March 1969.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal Retrospects of Major AB Theunissen, MBE (formerly SA Staff Corps)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tribute by Lt-Genl Geo. E. Brink, CB, CBE, DSO

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Generals of WWII

description: South African General

wikidata_label: Evered Poole

wikipedia_title: Evered Poole


text:
Swedish
Ristiina
Savonia
Lieutenant
war
Russia
Battle of Perttimäki
Captain
Finnish War
Cronstedt's
Mikkeli
Iisalmi
Oulu
Battle of Pulkkila
Johan August Sandels
Battle of Koljonvirta
Colonel Fahlander
Major Malm
Sandels
Västerbotten
Battle of Hörnefors
Umeå

categories: 1774 births,1809 deaths,Finnish people of German descent,Swedish military personnel of the Finnish War,People from Ristiina

paragraph: Joachim Zachris Duncker

paragraph: Joachim Zachris Duncker (12 November 1774 – 6 July 1809) was a Swedish soldier born in Ristiina in Savonia.

paragraph: In 1789 Duncker obtained the rank of 2nd Lieutenant in the Savonia ranger regiment. He fought in the 1790 war against Russia and proved his valor at the Battle of Perttimäki 19 May. In 1804 Duncker was promoted to Captain.

paragraph: During the Finnish War of 1808-1809 he distinguished himself as a brave and prominent officer. When Cronstedt's army retreated from Mikkeli to Iisalmi and Oulu through Leppävirta (March 1808), Duncker commanded the army's rearguard. During the Battle of Pulkkila (2 May 1808) he distinguished himself so well that Johan August Sandels gave him the honorary assignment to bring the news of the victory to the Swedish king. Shortly after, he was promoted to Major. In June 1808 he captured a large transport of supplies to the Russians. During the Battle of Koljonvirta (27 October 1808), Duncker together with Colonel Fahlander and Major Malm and only 600 men helped Sandels to utterly defeated a superior Russian force. In 1809 Duncker fought the Russians in the Swedish province of Västerbotten, and was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel. During the Battle of Hörnefors (5 July 1809) Duncker commanded the Swedish rearguard and received fatal wounds and died in the Russian encampment the day after.

paragraph: Duncker was buried next to Umeå church by the Russians that gave him a full honour guard. He lies buried together with a Russian cossack chief. In 1897 a memorial was erected on the spot where the grave was assumed to be.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duncker och Savolaxbrigaden" by Bertil Nelsson; 2000–01;

description: Swedish soldier

wikidata_label: Joachim Zachris Duncker

wikipedia_title: Joachim Zachris Duncker


text: Valenciennes

text: Angers

text: cellist

text: cello

text: composer

text: viola da gamba

text: Bohemian

text: Concert Spirituel

text: media

text: Jean-Jacques Rousseau

text: cello sonatas

text: Giovanni Battista Sammartini

text: Jean-Baptiste Janson

text: Jean-Pierre Duport

text: François Cupis de Renoussard

text: Jean-Baptiste Bréval

categories: People from Valenciennes,1700 births,French male composers,1770 deaths,French classical cellists,French Baroque composers

paragraph: Martin Berteau

paragraph: Martin Berteau (2 February 1691 in Valenciennes – 22 January 1771 in Angers) was a French classical cellist, cello teacher, and composer. He is widely regarded as the founder of the French school of cello playing.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Descriptions of Berteau's life are often unreliable and exaggerated. As a result, little is certain about his life. He probably studied viola da gamba in Germany with Bohemian, Kozecz. J.-F. Fétis, who wrote a "Biographie universelle des musiciens" (1835-1844) and said that Berteau made his debut on the cello in 1739 at the "Concert Spirituel", playing his own concerto. However, his name is not mentioned in any media of the time, and neither his concerto nor sketches of it have been found. The only reference of his name was made by Jean-Jacques Rousseau who mentioned having heard Berteau perform in Paris in 1753.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: With the exception of a few cello sonatas, much of Berteau's work has been lost. For many decades Berteau’s well known Cello Sonata in G major, Op. 25 was credited to the Italian composer Giovanni Battista Sammartini.

paragraph: Section::::Teaching.

paragraph: Among his students were Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XV); The Valencian brothers Jean-Baptiste Janson (1742-1804) and Louis Auguste Joseph (1749-1815); Joseph Rey (1738-1811); Jean-Pierre Duport, known as "l'Aîné" (1741-1818), or Joseph Tillière, "ordinary cellist of the Royal Academy of Music", author of a "Méthode pour le cello" published in 1764, François Cupis de Renoussard, cellist and composer, and Jean-Baptiste Bréval (1753-1823), most certainly his last student.

description: French musician

wikidata_label: Martin Berteau

wikipedia_title: Martin Berteau


text:
cardinal
Savona
Pope Sixtus IV
bishop of Treviso
archbishop of Florence
Milan
Girolamo
Galeazzo Maria Sforza
Duke of Milan
humanist
Rome
Santi Apostoli
Giuliano della Rovere
King of Naples
Italy
Imola
Republic of Florence
Santi Apostoli
Renaissance
Mino da Fiesole
Andrea Bregno

categories: 1474 deaths,Roman Catholic archbishops of Florence,1445 births,Italian cardinals,15th-century Italian people,Cardinal-nephews,15th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,People from Savona,Bishops of Treviso,15th-century diplomats,Patrons of literature,Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople,Medieval Italian diplomats

paragraph: Pietro Riario

paragraph: Pietro Riario (1445 – 3 January 1474) was an Italian cardinal and Papal diplomat.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Savona, he was the son of Paolo Riario and Pope Sixtus IVs' sister, Bianca Della Rovere. Sixtus nominated him in 1471 bishop of Treviso and cardinal, and, in 1473, archbishop of Florence. He was entrusted with Sixtus' foreign policy. To reinforce the alliance between Rome and Milan, he had his brother Girolamo married to the daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan.

paragraph: He was a humanist known for his patronage of literature and the arts, his huge feasts, luxurious behaviour and irreligious conduct. He had a large palace begun in Rome, near the church of Santi Apostoli (it was completed by his cousin Giuliano della Rovere, pope as Julius II). In 1473 he had the square before his palazzo transformed with painted canvas and wooden construction into temporary but luxurious lodging for the daughter of the King of Naples, who was entertained in June with an extravagant banquet with forty "piatti" that included roast stags, herons, the requisite roast peacock, even a roast bear. The bread was gilded.

paragraph: In 1473 he travelled to northern Italy to oversee the cession of Imola from Milan to the Republic of Florence. At his return to Rome, Riario died suddenly in his house. It was suspected that he had been poisoned, although an indigestion was more likely. He was buried in Santi Apostoli in a magnificent Renaissance tomb sculpted by Mino da Fiesole and Andrea Bregno. His role as Sixtus' collaborator was inherited by his cousin Giuliano della Rovere.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Pietro Riario

wikipedia_title: Pietro Riario


text:
Spanish
conquistador
Paraguay
Aviles
Peru
Asunción
Ñuflo de Chaves
Alcalde
Regidor
Gonzalo de Mendoza
Río de la Plata
Domingo Martínez de Irala

categories: 16th-century explorers,Spanish nobility,Spanish military personnel,People from Asunción,16th-century Spanish people,Spanish colonial governors and administrators,1533 births

paragraph: Gonzalo Casco

paragraph: Gonzalo Casco (sixteenth century) was a Spanish military leader and "conquistador" of Paraguay.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Casco was born in Aviles. After being established in Peru, he arrived in Asunción, in the expedition of Ñuflo de Chaves. Time later it held honorary positions in the city, serving like "Alcalde" in 1574, and "Regidor" in 1568, 1575 and 1578.

paragraph: Under the orders of Nufrio de Chaves, Gonzalo Casco participated in the expeditions against the tribes of Mayáes and Tomacocis, native inhabitants of Paraguayan territory.

paragraph: He was married to María de Mendoza Irala, daughter of Gonzalo de Mendoza, interim governor of the Río de la Plata between 1556-1558, and Isabel de Irala, daughter of Domingo Martínez de Irala.

description: Spanish noble

wikidata_label: Gonzalo Casco

wikipedia_title: Gonzalo Casco


text:
film director
zombie
horror film
Night of the Living Dead
Legion of the Night
Santa Claws
Evil Ambitions
The Drunken Dead Guy
River of Darkness
Kurt Angle
Kevin Nash
Sid Eudy
The Majorettes
Flesheater
cancer

categories: 2012 deaths,Male actors from Pittsburgh,Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania,American male film actors,People from Coraopolis, Pennsylvania,1936 births

paragraph: Bill Hinzman

paragraph: Samuel William "Bill" Hinzman (October 24, 1936 – February 5, 2012) was an American actor and film director.

paragraph: Hinzman's first role was the cemetery zombie in the popular horror film "Night of the Living Dead" (1968). He reprised the role in new scenes that were filmed for the 30th-anniversary edition of the film. Hinzman also played roles in the films "Legion of the Night" (1995), "Santa Claws" (1996), "Evil Ambitions" (1996), and "The Drunken Dead Guy" (2005).

paragraph: His final role was in "River of Darkness", where he played a lead role alongside Kurt Angle, Kevin Nash and Sid Eudy.

paragraph: He later directed the films "The Majorettes" (1986), and "Flesheater" (1988).

paragraph: During filming of "Night of the Living Dead", crew member Gary Streiner accidentally caught himself on fire while attempting to ignite a prop with gasoline. Bill Hinzman managed to put out the fire, saving Streiner's life.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Hinzman died on February 5, 2012, from cancer. His death occurred the same day as that of Josephine Streiner (1918–2012), a crew member who played a zombie in "Night of the Living Dead".

description: American actor

wikidata_label: Bill Hinzman

wikipedia_title: Bill Hinzman


text:
Harvard University
translation of "The Odyssey"
Boston
Massachusetts
Phillips Academy
Harvard College
University of Tübingen
Andover Theological Seminary
Gray Engravings
Francis Calley Gray
proposed to have photographed
Open Collection Program
The Harvard Crimson
George Herbert
translation of "The Odyssey"
Sonnet
Shakespeare
Dana-Palmer House
LL.D
University of Michigan
Union
Dartmouth
Litt.D
Western Reserve
University of California
Brookline, Massachusetts
Alice Freeman Palmer
Wellesley College
University of Chicago
Boxford, Massachusetts
Paris
American philosophy
List of American philosophers

categories: American biographers,Harvard University alumni,1842 births,Phillips Academy alumni,Writers from Boston,1933 deaths,American philosophers

paragraph: George Herbert Palmer

paragraph: George Herbert Palmer (March 9, 1842 – May 7, 1933) was an American scholar and author. He was a graduate, and then professor at Harvard University. He is also known for his published works, like the translation of "The Odyssey" (1884) and others about education and ethics, such as "The New Education" (1887) and "The Glory of the Imperfect" (1898).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Palmer was born in Boston, Massachusetts on March 9, 1842 to Julius Auboyneau and Lucy Manning Peabody Palmer. He had a brother, Frederic. He attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts.

paragraph: In 1864, he graduated at Harvard College with a bachelor's degree and three years later with a master's degree. Between 1867 and 1869, he studied at the University of Tübingen, Germany. He graduated from the Andover Theological Seminary in 1870.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1870, Palmer became an instructor of the Greek language. When someone commented that Palmer taught Greek, he said "You are mistaken. I do not teach Greek. I teach boys. Greek is what I start with." Between 1872 and 1876, Palmer curated the 'Gray Engravings' (a collection of engravings bequeathed to Harvard College by Francis Calley Gray), which he proposed to have photographed and make generally available the prints "to foster the growing taste in the community for the higher forms of Art" (thereby serving as a precursor to Harvard's Open Collection Program/a), as well as that Harvard's "students will soon prefer these to the inane works which now decorate too many of their rooms". Simultaneously (from 1872) Palmer also taught Philosophy, being elevated to the rank of Assistant Professor in 1873, and Professor in 1883 - a position he held for six years , when he became an Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity at Harvard (a tenure that lasted from 1889 to 1913).

paragraph: He said about ethics, "Right conduct consists in following one's conscience and doing one's duty for the sake of right and not for any ulterior purpose". He wished to, "burn the pictures of heaven and quench the fires of hell that men might do right for the sake of the right." It was stated in "The Harvard Crimson" that he was instrumental in the development of the character of the Philosophy department at Harvard, through his teaching methods and written works. He was particularly interested in classical literature and philosophy, as well as the poet George Herbert. Palmer enjoyed teaching and once said that he would gladly pay Harvard for the right. He was called the "Dean of teachers" for the manner in which he inspired students to become teachers.

paragraph: Among his books are the translation of "The Odyssey", (1884), "The New Education" (1887), "The Glory of the Imperfect" (1898), "Self-Cultivation in English" (1897). He also wrote "The Field of Ethics" (1901), "The Nature of Goodness" (1904), "The Life and Works of George Herbert" (three volumes, 1905), "The Teacher" (1908), "Intimations of Immortality in the Sonnets of Shakespeare" (1912), and "Trades and Professions" (1914).

paragraph: While at Harvard, Professor Palmer lived in Dana-Palmer House, which bears his name. It is also called the Harvard University Guest House. He retired in 1913, but remained active on the campus, such as his popular readings of the classics.

paragraph: Between 1894 and 1909, Palmer received honorary LL.D degrees from the University of Michigan, Union, Dartmouth, and Harvard. He received and honorary Litt.D degree from Western Reserve in 1897. In 1917, he received an honorary degree from the University of California.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He married his first wife, Ellen Margaret Wellman from Brookline, Massachusetts in 1871 and she died in 1879.

paragraph: On December 23, 1887, he married, as his second wife, Alice Freeman Palmer, who was the president of Wellesley College. They had a "marriage of comradeship". They both pursued their individual careers, and George contributed efforts to managing the household, particularly when she was at the University of Chicago during her post there as dean of women. He had a home in Boxford, Massachusetts for summer and other vacation trips. Palmer had three sabbaticals, during which they lived in their favorite cities and traveled through the countryside on bicycles. During his third sabbatical, in December 1902, the Palmers were in Paris and Alice required surgery. She died of an abdominal condition now treatable with antibiotics. After her death, he wrote "The Life of Alice Freeman Palmer" (1908).

paragraph: He died on May 7, 1933 at 91 years of age and his ashes were buried with his wife's at the Houghton Chapel of Wellesley College.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- American philosophy

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of American philosophers

description: American philosopher

wikidata_label: George Herbert Palmer

wikipedia_title: George Herbert Palmer


text: Serbian prince

text: Serbia

text: Bulgarian Khanate

text: Byzantine Empire

text: Presian I of Bulgaria

text: three-year-war

text: eponym

text: Vlastimirović dynasty

text: Serbs

text: Heraclius

text: Unknown Archont

text: župe

text: Constantine VII "Porphyrogenitus"

text: triumvirate

text: Rascia

text: Bosnia

text: Pagania

text: Zachlumia

text: Travunia

text: Kanalitai

text: Dioclea

text: Pomorje

text: Višeslav

text: Charlemagne

text: Neretva

text: Tara

text: Piva

text: Lim

text: Constantine VI

text: Macedonia

text: Radoslav

text: Ljudevit Posavski

text: Royal Frankish Annals

text: Sisak

text: Dalmatia

text: Bulgarian Empire

text: khan

text: Krum

text: Braničevci

text: Timočani

text: Obotrites

text: 30-year peace treaty

text: Omurtag

text: Obotrites

text: Guduscani

text: Holy Roman Emperor

text: Louis the Pious

text: Herstal

text: Banat

text: Drava

text: Theophilos

text: thirty-year-peace treaty

text: Presian I

text: army of Vlastimir

text: Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: Hum

text: Krajina

text: Trebinje

text: Beloje

text: Belojević family

text: Hvalimir

text: Paganians

text: Narentines

text: De Administrando Imperio

text: doge

text: Pietro Tradonico

text: Struma

text: Nestos

text: Empress-Regent Theodora

text: Thracian Bulgaria

text: Merehani

text: Morava river basin

text: "strategos" of the cities of Dalmatia

text: Trpimir

text: Mutimir

text: Strojimir

text: Gojnik

text: Krajina Belojević

text: Boris I of Bulgaria

text: boyar

text: Vladimir

text: defeat of Presian 839–842

text: Pliska

text: Basil I

text: a Serbian bishopric was founded

text: Christianization

text: Petar Gojniković

text: Pavle Branović

text: Rastislav

text: Louis the German

text: East Francia

text: Michael III

text: Bardas

text: Plovdiv

text: Zagora

text: Bulgarian Orthodox Church

text: Pliska

text: Strojimir

text: Republic of Serbia

text: Munich

text: Germany

text: Russia

text: Byzantine handcraft

text: Athens

text: Thessaloniki

text: Constantinople

text: patriarchal cross

text: Greek inscriptions

text: Novi Sad

text: List of Serbian monarchs

text: Serbia in the Middle Ages

text: De Administrando Imperio

text: Constantine VII

text: De Administrando Imperio

text: De Ceremoniis

text: Grand Župan

categories: Byzantine people of Slavic descent,Medieval Serbian military leaders,People of the Bulgarian–Serbian Wars,9th-century Serbian monarchs,Vlastimirović dynasty,9th-century rulers in Europe,851 deaths

paragraph: Vlastimir

paragraph: Vlastimir (, ; c. 805 – 851) was the Serbian prince from c. 830 until c. 851. Little is known of his reign. He held Serbia during the growing threat posed by the neighbouring, hitherto peaceful, Bulgarian Khanate, which had significantly expanded to the southeast, closing in on Serbia.

paragraph: At the time, the Bulgars and the Byzantine Empire were in peace by treaty, and although the Byzantine Emperor was overlord of the Serb lands, he was unable to aid the Serbs in a potential war. Presian I of Bulgaria eventually invaded Serbia, resulting in a three-year-war, in which the Bulgar army was devastated and driven out. Vlastimir then turned to the west, expanding well into the hinterland of Dalmatia. He is the eponymous founder of the Vlastimirović dynasty, the first .

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Section::::Background.:Serbian realm and family history.

paragraph: The prince ("archon") that led the Serbs to the Balkans and received the protection of Heraclius (r. 610–641), known conventionally as the "Unknown Archont", was an ancestor of Vlastimir. The Serbs at that time were organized into "župe", a confederation of village communities (roughly the equivalent of a county), headed by a local "župan" (a magistrate or governor). According to Fine, the governorship was hereditary, and the "župan" reported to the Serbian prince, whom they were obliged to aid in war. Emperor Constantine VII "Porphyrogenitus" (r. 913–959) mentions that the Serbian throne is inherited by "the son", i.e. the first-born, though in one occasion there is a triumvirate in his enumeration of monarchs. The Serbs established several future principalities by the 10th century: "Serbia" (roughly the later province of "Rascia", including Bosnia; part of "Zagorje" - "hinterlands"); and Pagania, Zachlumia, Travunia (including Kanalitai) and Dioclea (part of "Pomorje" - "maritime").

paragraph: Višeslav, the great-grandfather of Vlastimir and first Serbian monarch known by name, was a contemporary with Charlemagne (fl. 768–814). He directly held the hereditary lands of Neretva, Tara, Piva and Lim. Constantine VI conquered the Sclaviniae ("slavdom" - "slav area") of Macedonia, situated to the south, in 785. Radoslav, then Prosigoj, succeeded Višeslav, and they ruled during the revolt of Ljudevit Posavski against the Franks (819–822). According to the Royal Frankish Annals, written in 822, Ljudevit went from his seat at Sisak to the Serbs, who controlled the greater part of Dalmatia.

paragraph: Section::::Background.:Rise of Bulgarian power.

paragraph: In the east, the Bulgarian Empire grew strong. In 805, "khan" Krum conquered the Braničevci, Timočani and Obotrites, to the east of Serbia, and banished their tribal chiefs and replaced them with administrators appointed by the central government. In 815, the Bulgarians and Byzantines signed a 30-year peace treaty. In 818 during the rule of Omurtag (814–831), the Braničevci and Timočani together with other tribes of the frontiers, revolted and seceded from Bulgaria because of an administrative reform that had deprived them much of their local authority. The Timočani left the "societas" (association, alliance) of the Bulgarian Empire, and sought, together with the Danubian Obotrites and Guduscani, protection from Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Pious (r. 813–840), and met him at his court at Herstal. The Timočani migrated into Frankish territory, somewhere in Lower Pannonia, and were last mentioned in 819, when they were persuaded by Ljudevit to join him in fighting the Franks. The Danubian Obotrites stayed in Banat, and resisted the Bulgars until 824, when nothing more is heard of them. The khan sent envoys to the Franks and requested that the precise boundary be demarcated between them, and negotiations lasted until 826, when the Franks neglected him. The Bulgars answered with attacking the Slavs that lived in Pannonia, and subjugated them, then they sent ships up the Drava river, and, in 828, had devastated Upper Pannonia, north of the Drava. There was more fighting in 829, as well, and by this time, the Bulgars had conquered all of their former Slavic allies.

paragraph: The Bulgarian Khanate (later Empire) had a general policy of expansion in which they would first impose the payment of tribute on a neighboring people and the obligation of supplying military assistance in the form of an alliance (societas), leaving them internal self-government and local rulers, and when the need for this kind of relationship expired, they would terminate the self-government of the said people and impose their direct and absolute power, integrating them fully into the Bulgarian political and cultural system.

paragraph: Section::::Life and reign.

paragraph: Vlastimir succeeded his father, Prosigoj, as the "archon" of Serbia. According to Živković, the date of Vlastimir's accession was around 830. He united the Serbian tribes in the vicinity. The Serbs were alarmed, and most likely consolidated due to the spreading of the Bulgarian Khanate towards their borders (a rapid conquest of neighbouring Slavs), in self-defence, and possibly sought to cut off the Bulgar expansion to the south (Macedonia). Emperor Theophilos (r. 829–842) was recognized as the nominal suzerain (overlord) of the Serbs, and most likely encouraged them to thwart the Bulgars. The thirty-year-peace treaty between the Byzantines and Bulgars, signed in 815, was still in effect.

paragraph: Section::::Life and reign.:War with the Bulgarian Khanate.

paragraph: According to Constantine VII, the Serbs and Bulgars had lived peacefully as neighbours until the invasion in 839 (in the last years of Theophilos). It is not known what exactly prompted the war, as Porphyrogenitus gives no clear answer; whether it was a result of Serbian-Bulgarian relations, i.e. the Bulgar conquest to the southeast, or a result of the Byzantine-Bulgarian rivalry, in which Serbia was at the side of the Byzantines as an Imperial ally. It was not unlikely that the Emperor had a part in it; as he was in war with the Arabs, he may have pushed the Serbs to drive the Bulgars from western Macedonia, which would benefit them both. According to J. Bury, this alliance would explain the cause of Malamir's action. Zlatarski supposes that the Emperor offered the Serbs complete independence in return.

paragraph: According to Porphyrogenitus, the Bulgars wanted to continue their conquest of the Slav lands - to force the Serbs into subjugation. Presian I (r. 836–852) launched an invasion into Serbian territory in 839, which led to a war that lasted for three years, in which the Serbs were victorious; Presian was heavily defeated and lost a large number of his men, he made no territorial gains and was driven out by the army of Vlastimir. The Serbs held out in their hardly accessible forests and gorges, and knew how to fight in the hills. The war ended with the death of Theophilos in 842, which released Vlastimir from his obligations to the Empire.

paragraph: According to Živković, it is possible that the Bulgarian attack came after the failed invasion of Struma and Nestos in 846 (see next section): Presian may have collected his army and headed for Serbia, and Vlastimir may have participated in the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars, which would mean that Presian answered to a direct Serbian involvement.

paragraph: The defeat of the Bulgars, who had become one of the greater powers in the 9th century, shows that Serbia was an organized state, fully capable of defending its borders; a very high military and administrative organizational frame to present such effective resistance. It is not known whether Serbia at the time of Vlastimir had a fortification system and developed military structures with clearly defined roles of the "župan".

paragraph: Section::::Life and reign.:Expansion.

paragraph: After the victory over the Bulgars, Vlastimir's status rose, he went on to expand to the west, taking Bosnia, and Herzegovina (known as "Hum"). Vlastimir married off his daughter to Krajina, the son of a local "župan" of Trebinje, Beloje, in ca. 847/848. With this marriage, Vlastimir elevated the title of Krajina to "archon". The Belojević family was entitled the rule of Travunia. Krajina had a son with Vlastimir's daughter, named Hvalimir, who would later on succeed as "župan" of Travunia.

paragraph: Vlastimir's intention to connect to the ruling house of Travunia shows, in its circumstances, that his reputation among the neighbouring Serbian "archontes" and "župani" was on its rise, and therefore corresponded to the political importance and military strength of Serbia. It is possible that prior to Vlastimir's reign, the Travunian "župan" sought to free himself from Serbia's influence, but that Vlastimir found the solution in the political marriage of his daughter to Krajina. The elevation of Krajina's title (practical independence of Travunia) strongly points that Vlastimir was a Christian ruler who very well understood the monarchal ideology, that developed in the early Middle Ages. There is a possibility that the marriage took place before the conflict with the Bulgars, which makes another theory likely, that the Bulgars answered to Vlastimir's rising political position, who with the help of Byzantium, had the right to confirm rulers in the neighbouring Serbian principalities. Although Vlastimir's elevation of titles were merely symbolical rather than a view of the administrative political relation, it does show that he had the right to act this way, which undoubtedly puts him at the height of all Serbian "archontes"; as the leading ruler among the Serbian principalities.

paragraph: The Paganians, also known as Narentines, who are described by "De Administrando Imperio" as Serbs, engaged the Venetians on the Adriatic (they were noted pirates), and killed more than 100 of "doge" Pietro Tradonico's men.

paragraph: Soon after 846, with the end of the thirty-year-truce, Malamir (or Presian) invaded the regions of the Struma and the Nestos, and Empress-Regent Theodora (r. 842–855, the wife of Theophilos) answered by attacking Thracian Bulgaria. A brief peace was concluded, then Malamir proceeded to invade Macedonia. The Bulgars also imposed rule on the Morava region, the frontier region between Serbia and the Bulgarian Khanate; in 844, an anonymous Bavarian geographer mentions the "Merehani" as the people that borders the Franks furthest away. They lived in the valleys of present-day Morava river basin, and were still unconquered by the Bulgarians. However, after 845, the Bulgars added these Slavs to their "societas" (they are last mentioned in 853).

paragraph: The Byzantines were also active in the hinterland of Dalmatia, to the west of Serbia; the "strategos" of the cities of Dalmatia came into conflict with Frankish vassal, Croatian Duke Trpimir in 846/848, in which battles the "strategos" was defeated.

paragraph: Vlastimir was succeeded by his three sons about 851.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Vlastimir had three sons and one daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mutimir, Prince, 851–891

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strojimir, Prince (co-ruler), 851–880s

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gojnik, Prince (co-ruler), 851–880s

paragraph: BULLET::::- Unnamed daughter, married Krajina Belojević

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: Vlastimir's three sons successfully fought off an onslaught by Boris I of Bulgaria in 853 or 854 (shortly after the death of Vlastimir), when they captured 12 great boyars and the commander himself, Vladimir, the son of Boris. The Bulgars sought to avenge the previous defeat of Presian 839–842. The two sides made peace, and possibly an alliance. The two younger brothers later revolted against Mutimir, due to undisclosed reasons. Mutimir sent them as prisoners, a guarantee of peace, to the court of Boris I at Pliska. After Mutimir requested that the Emperor Basil I (867–886) baptize his lands, Constantinopolitan priests were sent and a Serbian bishopric was founded. The Christianization is evident in the tradition of theophoric names found in the next generation of Serbian monarchs (e.g. Petar Gojniković, Pavle Branović). The three branches of Vlastimir's sons continue in a succession war over the decades.

paragraph: The Bulgars under Boris I were persuaded by Moravian Prince Rastislav to attack Louis the German of East Francia. The Bulgar-Slav campaign ended in disaster, and peace was signed in 855. The following year, the Byzantine army led by Michael III and "caesar" Bardas recaptured Philippopolis (Plovdiv), the region of Zagora and the ports around the Gulf of Burgas on the Black Sea. In 863, the Byzantines invaded the Khanate once again, during a period of famine and natural disasters. Boris I was forced to sign peace, and to convert to Christianity, in return he was gifted Zagora. The cradle of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church was founded about 870 in Pliska.

paragraph: On July 11, 2006, A Golden seal of Strojimir, dated to 855-896 was acquired by the Republic of Serbia in auction in Munich, Germany. It was sold by an unknown Russian, for a price of 20,000 €, outpaying a Bulgarian offer of 15,000 €. The seal is of Byzantine handcraft (from Athens, Thessaloniki or Constantinople), weighs 15.64 g, and has a patriarchal cross and Greek inscriptions that reads: ""Strojimir"" and ""God, Help Serbia"".

paragraph: A street in Novi Sad is named after him ("Ulica Kneza Vlastimira").

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Serbian monarchs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serbia in the Middle Ages

paragraph: BULLET::::- De Administrando Imperio

paragraph: Section::::Annotations.

paragraph: Title: As Constantine VII refers to the monarchal title as "archon" (ἄρχων), of Serbia (Σερβία /Σερβλίας) in "De Administrando Imperio" (ἄρχων Σερβλίας), and mentions ""archon of the Serbs"" in his protocol of "De Ceremoniis", the title is used interchangeably, as to denote a ruler of a nation. "archon" was usually used when describing a Prince. His title in Serbian is "knez", which is used for early monarchs, though later referring to Dukes. In some secondary sources, his title has been given as "Grand Župan" (or "Grand Prince"), signifying the leadership over other, lesser, "župans". In minor cases he has been called "King".

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Primary sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondary sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runc

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steven Runciman, A History of the First Bulgarian Empire, London 1930.

description: Serbian Prince

wikidata_label: Vlastimir

wikipedia_title: Vlastimir


text: Anglo-American

text: writer

text: Sittingbourne

text: Magdalen College

text: Oxford

text: Freda Caffin

text: Chicago Exposition

text: New York City

text: Harper's Weekly

text: "Evening Post

text: "Sun

text: Abbott Thayer

text: George de Forest Brush

text: Tonalism

text: Gari Melchers

text: Alfred Stieglitz

text: Camera Work

text: Edward Steichen

text: Frank Eugene

text: Joseph Keiley

text: Gertrude Kasebier

text: Abraham Walkowitz

text: Alfred Maurer

text: John Marin

text: Arthur Dove

text: Marsden Hartley

text: Cubism

text: Synchromism

text: James Abbott McNeill Whistler

text: Thomas Wilmer Dewing

text: Willard Huntington Wright

text: Armory Show

text: Henri Matisse

text: Constantin Brâncuși

text: Francis Picabia

text: Paul Cézanne

text: Georges Braque

text: Marcel Duchamp

text: Joseph Stella

categories: 1854 births,American art critics,English emigrants to the United States,Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford,1918 deaths,People from Sittingbourne

paragraph: Charles Henry Caffin

paragraph: Charles Henry Caffin (June 4, 1854 – January 14, 1918) was an Anglo-American writer and art critic, born in Sittingbourne, Kent, England. After graduating from Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1876, with a broad background in culture and aesthetics, he engaged in scholastic and theatrical work. In 1888, he married Caroline Scurfield, a British actress and writer. They had two children, daughters Donna and Freda Caffin. In 1892, he moved to the United States. He worked in the decoration department of the Chicago Exposition, and after moving to New York City in 1897, he was the art critic of "Harper's Weekly", the New York "Evening Post", the New York "Sun" (1901–04), the "International Studio", and the "New York American". His publications are of a popular rather than a scholarly character, but he was an important early if equivocal advocate of modern art in America. His writings were suggestive and stimulating to laymen and encouraged interest in many fields of art. One of his last books, "Art for Life's Sake" (1913), described his philosophy, which argued that the arts must be seen as "an integral part of life...[not] an orchid-like parasite on life" or a specialized or elite indulgence. He also argued strenuously for art education in American elementary schools and high schools and was a frequent lecturer.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Caffin's earliest writings did not suggest that he would ever be sympathetic to the modernist attack on traditional aesthetic values. His many articles and books, which were surveys intended for a general audience, focused on the major names in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century European painting and sculpture, and when considering art from the late nineteenth century, praised the work of artists like Abbott Thayer and George de Forest Brush, who came to epitomize everything Modernism would reject. He was an admirer of Tonalism and the realism of Gari Melchers.

paragraph: Caffin's interest in pictorial photography led to the most important and productive friendship of his life with Alfred Stieglitz. Stieglitz enlisted Caffin as a writer for his journal Camera Work, for which he wrote appreciations of Stieglitz's photographs as well as those of Edward Steichen, Frank Eugene, Joseph Keiley, and Gertrude Kasebier, among others. "Camera Work," which was founded in 1902, continued publication until 1917 and, in the words of Stieglitz's biographer, Caffin was "the only major critic sympathetic to [Stieglitz's] goals to last the full life of the magazine." The relationship with Stieglitz also led to more exposure to new art. Reviewing exhibitions at Stieglitz's gallery, "291," Caffin had the opportunity to assess challenging artists as different as Abraham Walkowitz, Alfred Maurer, John Marin, Arthur Dove, and Marsden Hartley. Some of the new art he saw (e.g., Cubism and Synchromism) was confusing and disorienting to him, but much of it was a revelation which he was pleased to discuss in his newspaper and magazine columns.

paragraph: Though he was always more comfortable writing about the Old Masters or painters from his youth like James Abbott McNeill Whistler, he acquired a reputation as a writer with an open mind. He could also acknowledge that his own perspective had changed over time. Examining a portrait by Thomas Wilmer Dewing at a 1916 exhibition at the Knoedler gallery, Caffin wrote, "It is with curious reflection that one studies its dead harmonies of color, its inert vibrations...and recalls that they once seemed to awaken a response in one's imagination...Poor old fin-de-siècle exquistiveness, how completely everybody but the artist has grown beyond you!"

paragraph: Caffin had his enemies in the modernist camp who could not forgive him his more conservative tastes. Willard Huntington Wright, an early advocate of abstract painting, found Caffin's growing interest in advanced art suspicious and suggested that hypnotism must be responsible for his conversion to a broader view, as "the headmaster in the kindergarten of painting" was not clever enough to see the light on his own. Another writer in the Stieglitz circle, Temple Scott, wrote an "histoire à clef" that offered a particularly unflattering portrait of Caffin, thinly disguised as "Charles Cockayne," a critic of complacent self-assurance.

paragraph: In the years between the 1913 Armory Show, which he found impressive but dangerously sensationalistic, and his death in 1918, Caffin energetically covered the changing New York art world and urged his readers to give the difficult new painters a chance. He made a case to skeptical viewers for the work of European modernists like Henri Matisse, Constantin Brâncuși, and Francis Picabia. Yet he also shared his own doubts. While he could see the innovative qualities of Paul Cézanne and Georges Braque, he dismissed the "pinhead humor" of Marcel Duchamp and found the Coney Island paintings of Joseph Stella aggressively vulgar. Writing about a 1915 Picasso exhibition, he admitted that all artists must follow "the inevitable call of their own genius" but that Picasso "has reached a point of intentional abstraction which I, for one, cannot follow."

paragraph: Charles Caffin was neither a reactionary opposed to Modernism nor an unabashed avant-garde supporter. Sharing his enthusiasm and his skepticism, he provided a forum for reasoned debate and applauded the testing of aesthetic boundaries and standards. He understood that he lived in changing times.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Handbook of the New Library of Congress, compiled by Herbert Small; with Essays on the Architecture, Sculpture and Painting by Charles Caffin" (1897)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Photography as a Fine Art" (1901)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "American Masters of Painting" (1902)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "American Masters of Sculpture" (1903)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to Study Pictures by Means of a Series of Comparisons of Paintings and Painters" (1905)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Story of American Painting" (1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Child's Guide to Pictures" (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Appreciation of the Drama (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Art of Dwight W. Tryon" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Story of Dutch Painting" (1909)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Story of Spanish Painting" (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Guide to Pictures for Beginners and Students" (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Story of French Painting" (1911)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Francisco Goya Lucientes" (1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art for Life's Sake" (1913)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to Study the Modern Painters" (1914)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to Study the Old Masters" (1914)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The A.B.C. Guide to Pictures" (1914)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to Study Architecture" (1917)

paragraph: Section::::References and sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- References

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Milton. "American Painting from the Armory Show to the Depression." Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johnson, Allen (ed). "Dictionary of American Biography". New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Loughery, "Charles Caffin and Willard Huntington Wright, Advocates of Modern Art," "Arts Magazine" (January 1985), pp. 103–109.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lowe, Sue Davidson. "Stieglitz: A Memoir/Biography." New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1983.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A finding aid to the Charles Henry Caffin papers at the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

description: American art critic

wikidata_label: Charles Henry Caffin

wikipedia_title: Charles Henry Caffin


text: FRS

text: actuary

text: Matthew Maty

text: Abraham de Moivre

text: George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield

text: Royal Society

text: Royal Mathematical School

text: Christ's Hospital

text: Wapping

text: assurance

text: mortality table

text: Edmund Halley

text: The Equitable Life Assurance Society

text: Edward Rowe Mores

text: Logarithms

text: Walter Warner

text: John Pell

text: provenance

text: Herbert Thorndike

text: Richard Busby

text: Sir Charles Cavendish

text: creditors

text: Abraham de Moivre

text: Edmund Wingate

text: John Kersey

text: George Shelley

text: isogon

text: Christ's Hospital

text: Augustus De Morgan

text: custom house

text: Richard Vangermeersch

text: First Lectures on Insurance (1756)

text: History of the actuarial profession

text: Royal Society: certificate of election

categories: English statisticians,18th-century English mathematicians,British actuaries,Fellows of the Royal Society,1705 births

paragraph: James Dodson (mathematician)

paragraph: James Dodson FRS (c.1705–1757) was a British mathematician, actuary and innovator in the insurance industry.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Matthew Maty, in his "Mémoire sur la vie et sur les écrits de M. A. de Moivre", wrote that Dodson was a pupil of Abraham de Moivre. He worked as an accountant and teacher. In 1752 George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, a friend of Dodson, became President of the Royal Society, and Dodson was elected a Fellow on 16 January 1755. On 7 August of the same year he was elected master of the Royal Mathematical School, Christ's Hospital, and also of Stone's School there. Dodson died 23 November 1757, being then over fifty-two years of age. He lived at Bell Dock, Wapping.

paragraph: Section::::Actuarial legacy.

paragraph: Having been refused admission to the Amicable Life Assurance Society, because they took no one over 45, he decided to form a new society on a plan of assurance that would be more "equitable". Dodson built on the statistical mortality tables developed by Edmund Halley in 1693. Equitable Life, as it was to be, charged premiums aimed at correctly offsetting the risks of long term life assurance policies. But Dodson made only unsuccessful attempts to procure a charter. The Equitable Life Assurance Society was founded in 1762 to put the actuarial principles that Dodson had developed over the previous decade into practice, by a group of mathematicians and others including Edward Rowe Mores.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: As a mathematician Dodson is known mainly for his work on "The Anti-Logarithmic Canon" and "The Mathematical Miscellany".

paragraph: In 1742 Dodson published "The Anti-Logarithmic Canon. Being a table of numbers consisting of eleven places of figures, corresponding to all Logarithms under 100,000, with an Introduction containing a short account of Logarithms". This was a unique tabulation until 1849. The canon had been actually calculated, it is said, by Walter Warner and John Pell, in the period 1630 to 1640. Its provenance was that Warner had left it to Herbert Thorndike, at whose death it came to Richard Busby, and finally was bought for the Royal Society; but for some years it had been lost. In a letter of Pell's, 7 August 1644, written to Sir Charles Cavendish, it is said that Warner became bankrupt, and Pell surmises that the manuscript would be destroyed by the creditors in ignorance.

paragraph: In 1747 Dodson published "The Calculator … adapted to Science, Business, and Pleasure". It is a large collection of small tables, with some seven-figure logarithms. This he dedicated to William Jones. The same year he started the publication of "The Mathematical Miscellany", containing analytical and algebraic solutions of a large number of problems in various branches of mathematics. His preface to vol. i is dated 14 January 1747, the title giving 1748. This volume is dedicated to Abraham de Moivre, and a second edition was issued by his publisher in 1775. Vol. ii (1753) is dedicated to David Papillon, and contains a contribution by de Moivre. Vol. iii (1755) he dedicated to Macclesfield and the Royal Society. This volume is devoted to problems relating to annuities, reversions, insurances, leases on lives, etc.. His "Accountant, or a Method of Book-keeping", was published 1750, with a dedication to Macclesfield. In 1751 he edited Edmund Wingate's "Arithmetic", which had previously been edited by John Kersey and then by George Shelley.

paragraph: Another work, "An Account of the Methods used to describe Lines on Dr. Halley's Chart of the terraqueous Globe, showing the variation of the magnetic needle about the year 1756 in all the known seas, &c. By Wm. Mountaine and James Dodson", about isogons, was published in 1758, after Dodson's death.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His three children were left unprovided for. At a meeting of the general court holden in Christ's Hospital 15 December 1757 a petition was read from William Mountaine, where it was stated that Dodson died 'in very mean circumstances, leaving three motherless children unprovided for, viz. James, aged 15, Thomas, aged 11 and three-quarters, and Elizabeth, aged 8.' The two youngest were admitted into the hospital. After the Equitable Society had started, and fifteen years or more after Dodson's death, a resolution was put in the minutes for giving £300 to the children of Dodson, as a recompense for the 'Tables of Lives' which their father had prepared for the society. Dodson's eldest son, James the younger (maternal grandfather of Augustus De Morgan), succeeded to the actuaryship of the society in 1764, but in 1767 left for the custom house.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chatfield, Michael. "Dodson, James." In "History of Accounting: An International Encyclopedia," editied by Michael Chatfield and Richard Vangermeersch. New York: Garland Publishing, 1996. pp. 211–212./a

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Dodson, "The Mathematical Repository", Vol. III (1755)

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Dodson, First Lectures on Insurance (1756)

paragraph: BULLET::::- G. J. Gray, 'Dodson, James (c.1705–1757)', rev. Anita McConnell, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the actuarial profession

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Society: certificate of election

description: British mathematician

wikidata_label: James Dodson

wikipedia_title: James Dodson (mathematician)


text:
Serednie
Ukraine
Hungarian
Eger
Battle of Mohács
Habsburg King
Ferdinand I
John Zápolya
Siege of Eger
Géza Gárdonyi
Eclipse of the Crescent Moon
Ottoman
Transylvania
Déva
Szamosújvár
voivod
Léva
Pozsony

categories: 16th-century Hungarian nobility,People from Eger,Hungarian soldiers,1500s births,People from Uzhhorod Raion,16th-century soldiers,1572 deaths,Voivodes of Transylvania,Hungarian landowners

paragraph: István Dobó

paragraph: Baron István Dobó de Ruszka (c. 1502 - Szerednye (today, Середнє (Szerednye / Serednie, Ukraine), mid-June 1572) was a Hungarian soldier, best known as the successful defender of Eger against the Ottomans in 1552. Dobó was a member of the Hungarian land-owning nobility, with holdings in northern Hungary. In the dynastic succession struggles after the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Dobó was consistently on the side of the Habsburg King Ferdinand I rather than that of John Zápolya.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Dobó was the son of Domonkos (Dominic) Dobó, who married Zsófia (Sophie) Cékei in 1498. There were six children from the marriage: Ferenc, László, István, Domokos, Anna and Katalin. István Dobó's own wife was Sára Sulyok, whom he married on 17 Oct.1550. They had three children: Ferenc, Damján and Krisztina.

paragraph: Dobó became the commander of Eger Castle in 1549. He became famous as a result of his successful defence of the castle during the Siege of Eger in 1552 (celebrated in Géza Gárdonyi's classic novel "Eclipse of the Crescent Moon"), in which 2100 defenders were able to withstand the onslaught of 80,000 Ottoman soldiers. As a reward, Ferdinand donated to Dobó the ownership of the Transylvanian castles of Déva (now Deva, Romania) and Szamosújvár (now Gherla, Romania). Dobó was also appointed as voivod (viceroy) of Transylvania in 1553. When Transylvania was separated from Hungary in 1556, Dobó was given ownership of the castle of Léva (now: Levice, Slovakia) in compensation.

paragraph: Accused of treason against the King, Dobó spent several years imprisoned in the castle of Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia). His health was seriously impaired by his imprisonment, and he died in his home soon after his release from captivity.

alias:
Dobó István
Istvan Dobo
Dobo Istvan

description: baron and soldier from Hungary

wikidata_label: István Dobó

wikipedia_title: István Dobó


text:
Newton St Cyres
King's Nympton
Sir Hugh Pollard, 2nd Baronet
Sir John Northcote, 1st Baronet
MP
Newton St Cyres
Wells, Somerset
Halswell House
Domesday Book
East Down
Heraldic Visitation
Crediton
Alverdiscott
Barnstaple
Alverdiscott
Tristram Risdon
Bratton Fleming
Ridgeway family
monumental brass
strapwork
difference
Sheriff of Devon
heir apparent
chest tomb
Francis Godolphin
KB
Godolphin
Helston
Sir Chichester Wrey, 3rd Baronet
Sir Henry Northcote, 4th Baronet
Earls of Iddesleigh
Lancaster Herald of Arms in Ordinary
Sir Hugh Pollard, 2nd Baronet
quartered
dexter
Red Hand of Ulster
chapeau gules turned up ermine
Iron Acton

categories: Baronets in the Baronetage of England,People from Mid Devon District,1688 deaths,1628 births

paragraph: Sir Arthur Northcote, 2nd Baronet

paragraph: Sir Arthur Northcote, 2nd Baronet (1628–1688) was a baronet from Devon, England. He resided at Hayne in the parish of Newton St Cyres, Devon, which mansion house has since been demolished, and also at King's Nympton, Devon, which manor he purchased from Sir Hugh Pollard, 2nd Baronet, his father's first cousin, and where he was buried.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the son and heir of Sir John Northcote, 1st Baronet (1600–1676), MP, of Hayne in the parish of Newton St Cyres, Devon, by his wife Grace Halswell (d. 1675), a daughter and heiress of Hugh Halswell (d. 1626) of Chamberlain Street, Wells, Somerset, grandson of Robert Halswell (d. 1570) of Halswell House, Halswell, Somerset. The family of Northcote originated in Devon at the Domesday Book manor of Northcote in the parish of East Down in North Devon. The Heraldic Visitations of Devon lists the founder of the family as "Galfridus de Northcote, Miles" ("knight"), living in 1103. The family later in the 16th century made its fortune as cloth merchants at Crediton

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and progeny.

paragraph: Sir Arthur married twice:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firstly to Elizabeth Welsh, daughter and heiress of James Welsh of Alverdiscott, Devon, by whom he had no surviving progeny. James Welsh of Barnstaple and Alverdiscott, Devon, was according to the Devon historian Tristram Risdon (d. 1640), a "counsellor of law". He purchased the manor of Alverdiscott from the Bellew family, heirs to the Fleming family of Bratton Fleming. James Welsh married four times, firstly to a daughter of the Ridgeway family; secondly at Ashton in 1604 to Anne Pollard, a daughter of Sir Hugh II Pollard of King's Nympton by his wife Dorothy Chichester. A small mutilated monumental brass survives in St Peter's Church, Barnstaple, in memory of Anne Pollard, second wife of James Welsh, showing within a strapwork surround an escutcheon displaying the arms of Welsh ("six mullets 3, 2, 1") with a crescent in chief for difference impaling Pollard (four-quarters, much worn); the text is as follows: ""Here lyeth the body of Anne late the wife of James Welshe Esqr. and daughter of Sr. Hugh Pollard, knight. She depart(ed)... this world to the Kingdome of Heaven ... seaventeenth day of March A(nn)o MD... Blessed are the dead w.ch dye in the..."". Anne Pollard's sister was Susanna Pollard, the second wife of John Northcote (1570–1632), of Hayne, Newton St Cyres, Sheriff of Devon, whose splendid standing effigy exists in Newton St Cyres Church. He was the grandfather of Sir Arthur Northcote, 2nd Baronet, the subject of the present article. James Welsh married thirdly at Barnstaple in 1623 to Lucy Reynell, 4th daughter of Sir Thomas Reynell (d. 1621) of East Ogwell. Fourthly he married Jane Windham, a daughter of Sir Thomas Windham, by whom he had a son and heir apparent Thomas Welsh (1629–1639), who died aged 10, whose chest tomb with alabaster effigy survives in Alverdiscott Church. James Welshe's heir thus became his daughter (from which marriage is unknown), Elizabeth Welsh, the wife of Sir Arthur Northcote, 2nd Baronet, subject of the present article. The marriage produced two sons and one daughter, described on Sir Arthur's ledger stone of 1707 in King's Nympton Church as "deceased".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondly to Elizabeth Godolphin (d. 1707), eldest daughter of Sir Francis Godolphin (1605–1667), KB, of Godolphin, near Helston in Cornwall. He had by her the following progeny:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Northcote (d. 1 January 1680), eldest son, who died without progeny and whose inscribed ledger stone exists in Newton St Cyres Church.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arthur Northcote (1651–1680), 2nd son, married in 1678 Margaret Gay, daughter of Anthony Gay of Bristol, without progeny. He predeceased his father and his inscribed ledger stone exists in Newton St Cyres Church next to that of his elder brother John.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Francis Northcote, 3rd Baronet (1659–1709), eldest surviving son, married Anne Wrey, daughter of Sir Chichester Wrey, 3rd Baronet (1628–1668), and died without progeny.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Henry Northcote, 4th Baronet (1667–1730), 2nd surviving son, who married and had issue from whom are descende the subsequent baronets and Earls of Iddesleigh.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Northcote, 3rd surviving son, who married Sarah Northcote, his first cousin, the daughter of his uncle John Northcote (b. 1629).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorothy Northcote, married in 1686 to Andrew Quick of Newton House, Newton St Cyres.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penelope Northcote, married in 1709 to John Hesketh, Lancaster Herald of Arms in Ordinary 1713–1727.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Northcote, died unmarried.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Sir Arthur died in 1688 and was buried at King's Nympton, the manor he had recently purchased from Sir Hugh Pollard, 2nd Baronet, his father's first cousin.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.:Ledger stone.

paragraph: His large black slate ledger stone survives in King's Nympton Church, on the floor at the east end of the south aisle, within the Pollard Chapel. It is inscribed as follows: ""Here lieth the body of Sr. Arthur Northcote of Hayn in the county of Devon, Bar.tt. His first wife was Elizabeth the daughter of James Welsh Esq.r. of Alverdiscot in the sd. county by whom he had 2 sons and one daughter deceased; his second wife was Elizabeth ye daughter of Sr. Francis Godolphin in the county of Cornwal, Kt. of ye Bath, by whom he had issue 4 sons & 4 daughters, 6 of them living, two lie also here interr'd with Dame Elizabeth their mother. He died 15 April 1688, she 30 August 1707 in full assurence of a joyfull resurrection to eternal life."" Below is an heraldic escutcheon with the arms of Northcote in centre, (quartered 1st & 4th by "a fess between three crosses moline", of unknown family) impaling dexter: Welsh ("six mullets 3:2:1"), sinister: Godolphin ("an eagle displayed double headed between three fleurs-de-lis") overall in an inescutcheon the Red Hand of Ulster. Underneath: ""Piae parentum memoriae hoc marmor posuerunt liberi immo tibi qui hoc legis quisquis es vigila dum vigilas et in rem tuam mature propera horam scit nemo"" ("His children placed this marble to the pious memory of their parents, yea, to thee who read this whomsoever ye be, keep watch whilst ye are awake, and hasten quickly in thy business, no man knoweth the hour")

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.:Funeral helm.

paragraph: A plaster knight's helm with the Northcote crest above of "On a chapeau gules turned up ermine a stag trippant argent" hangs from an iron rod high above the arch in the north wall of the Pollard/Northcote chapel in King's Nympton parish church, and was probably used during the funeral of Sir Arthur Northcote, 2nd Baronet. A similar rare contemporaneous funeral helm survives in the Poyntz Chapel in Iron Acton Church, Gloucestershire, which with spur and piece of leather surcoat were borne on the funeral bier of Sir John Poyntz (d.1680) of Iron Acton Court.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, pp. 581–583, pedigree of Northcote

description: English baronet

wikidata_label: Sir Arthur Northcote, 2nd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Arthur Northcote, 2nd Baronet


text:
Varaždin
Croatia
Dolnja Počehova
SFR Yugoslavia
football
forward
Slovenia
Maribor
five seasons
Yugoslav top division
Dinamo Zagreb
motorcycle
Dolnja Počehova
NK Maribor players

categories: Yugoslav footballers,NK Maribor players,Yugoslav First League players,Road incident deaths in Yugoslavia,1940s births,1988 deaths,Association football forwards,GNK Dinamo Zagreb players

paragraph: Mladen Kranjc

paragraph: Mladen Kranjc (12 April 1945 in Varaždin, Croatia – 22 October 1988 in Dolnja Počehova, SFR Yugoslavia) was a Croatian football player, who played as a forward. Dubbed as the "črni biser" (), Kranjc spent the majority of his football career playing for the Slovenian club Maribor, having spent there a total of 12 seasons during the 1960s and 1970s. He is regarded as one of the best players in the history of the club, and was the best goalscorer for the team in each of its five seasons spent in the Yugoslav top division, having scored a total of 54 league goals. His success eventually led to his transfer to one of the top Yugoslav clubs, Dinamo Zagreb. Kranjc has made a total of 311 appearances for Maribor, scoring 104 goals in the process. He died at the age of 43, after being involved in a motorcycle accident in Dolnja Počehova.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NK Maribor players

description: Yugoslav footballer

wikidata_label: Mladen Kranjc

wikipedia_title: Mladen Kranjc


text:
Porto Alegre
Brazil
folk music
composer
Rio Grande do Sul
samba
jazz
classical music
diatonic button accordion
Latin Grammy
Womex
Hermeto Paschoal

categories: Brazilian composers,People from Rio Grande do Sul,1963 births,Culture in Rio Grande do Sul,Living people,Brazilian male singers

paragraph: Renato Borghetti

paragraph: Renato Borghetti (born July 23, 1963 in Porto Alegre) is a Brazilian folk musician and composer.

paragraph: He works in many genres including traditional styles from his home state of Rio Grande do Sul, other styles of Brazilian music like samba, and international genres like jazz and European classical music. His main instrument is the diatonic button accordion (gaita). He won a Latin Grammy in 2005 for Best Brazilian Roots/Regional Album, for his album Gaita Ponto Com.

paragraph: In 2009 he performed at the Womex festival.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 - "Gaita Ponto" - RNS Discos

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 - "Renato Borghetti" - Som Livre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 - "Renato Borghetti" - RCA Victor

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 - "Esse tal de Borghettinho" - RCA/BMG-Ariola

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 - "Renato Borghetti" - Chantecler/Continental

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 - "O Melhor de Renato Borghetti" - Som Livre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 - "Borghetti" - Continental

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992 - "Pensa que Berimbau é Gaita?" - RBS Discos

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 - "Renato Borghetti" - RGE

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 - "Instrumental no CCBB (with Hermeto Paschoal)" - RGE

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 - "Accordionist" - Prestige Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 - "As 20 Melhores de Renato Borghetti" - RGE

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 - "Gaúcho" - RGE

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 - "Gauderiando" - RGE

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Ao Ritmo de Tio Bilia" - RBS Discos/Som Livre

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Paixão no Peito"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - "Ao Vivo em Viena"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - "Umberto Petrin & Renato Borghetti - Reunião"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - "SESC São Paulo - A Música Brasileira Deste Século Por Seus Autores e Intérpretes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Gaitapontocom"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Gaúchos (Quinton Recorde Viena)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Fandango"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - "Andanças - Live in Brussels" - Saphrane

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "Gaita na Fábrica - Sounds from the Squeezebox Factory" - Saphrane

description: Brazilian musician

wikidata_label: Renato Borghetti

wikipedia_title: Renato Borghetti


text:
Hiss
Chambers
Debevoise & Plimpton
Albert Lea, Minnesota
Learned Hand
Stanley F. Reed
Edward Cochrane McLean
International Atomic Energy Agency
Rand Corporation
Hudson Institute
Wharton School
International Law Association
Practising Law Institute
International Law Association
Harvard Law School
Century Association
Chilmark
James Cagney
Stephen Salant
Debevoise & Plimpton
Edward Cochrane McLean
Alger Hiss
International arbitration

categories: 1922 births,Yale University alumni,20th-century American lawyers,2016 deaths,People from Albert Lea, Minnesota,People from Chilmark, Massachusetts,Harvard Law School alumni

paragraph: Robert von Mehren

paragraph: Robert Brandt von Mehren (August 22, 1922 – May 5, 2016) was a young lawyer in the Hiss-Chambers Case in 1949 who rose to become a leading expert in international arbitration in a career spent at the law firm of Debevoise & Plimpton.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Von Mehren was born in Albert Lea, Minnesota. His father was a civil engineer from Denmark; his mother was American.

paragraph: He won a national scholarship to Yale University and graduated summa cum laude. He then studied at Harvard Law School, where he graduated magna cum laude in February 1946. He also served as president of the Harvard Law Review.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In April 1946, von Mehren joined Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons and Gates (later Debevoise, Plimpton & McLean; now Debevoise Plimpton), where he worked his entire career.

paragraph: He clerked for Judge Learned Hand at the Second Circuit Court of Appeals during the October 1946 term and for Supreme Court Justice Stanley F. Reed during the October 1947.

paragraph: He served on the defense counsel team for Alger Hiss during his two trials for perjury in 1949; the team also included Edward Cochrane McLean, namesake of Debevoise, Plimpton & McLean. He worked on the case from 1948 into 1950, attended every day of the two Hiss trials, and remained in touch with Hiss until the latter's death in 1996. He supported a Scottish law verdict: "not proved."

paragraph: He became a full member of the firm in April 1957 and remained a partner there up until 1993 (or 1995).

paragraph: He was admitted to practice before numerous courts: US District Court for the Southern District of New York (1949), US Circuit Courts of Appeal for Second (1950) and Third Circuits (1953), US Supreme Court (1954), US District Court for the Eastern District of New York (1971), US Tax Court (1972), and US Circuit Court of the District of Columbia (1974).

paragraph: In the Fall of 1957, he served as legal counsel to the Preparatory Commission of the International Atomic Energy Agency and helped composed the agency's guidelines.

paragraph: He consulted to the Rand Corporation on disarmament (1960–1966) and to the Hudson Institute on international law (1962–1966). He was a senior lecturer in law at the Wharton School.

paragraph: Pro bono work served: the International Law Association, the Practising Law Institute, the American branch of the International Law Association, committees of the City Bar Association of New York, and the Harvard Law School Association of New York.

paragraph: He was an honorary member of the Commercial Bar of London and the Singapore Bar. He was also on the board of the American Arbitration Association; a fellow of the American Bar Foundation; the vice-president emeritis of the Axe-Houghton Foundation, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Century Association and the University Club.

paragraph: Section::::Personal and death.

paragraph: In 1948, von Mehren first married Mary Katharine Kelly (died 1985). In 1988, he married Susan Heller Anderson, a writer and reporter for the "New York Times".

paragraph: He was an avid sailor and raced on Martha's Vineyard, where he owned a home in Chilmark bought from James Cagney in 1957.

paragraph: He died at his home in Manhattan from congestive heart failure at age 93. He was survived by wife Susan, and all four of his children

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Legal articles written by von Mehren include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Eco-Swiss Case and International Arbitration" Volume 19 Number 4 "Arbitrational International" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An International Arbitrator's Point of View: Chapter III", "International Business Litigation & Arbitration Practising Law Institute" (March 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An International Arbitrator's Point of View: Chapter II", "International Business Litigation & Arbitration Practising Law Institute" (February 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An International Arbitrator's Point of View", "International Business Litigation & Arbitration 2000" (February 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Enforcement of International Arbitral Awards," 13.4 "Diritto del Commercio, Internazionale 811" (Oct.-Dec. 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the United States", "PLI" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Book Review, Dealing in Virtue: International Commercial Arbitration and the Construction of a Transactional Legal Order – 8" "American Review of International Arbitration", 117 (August 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the United States", Vol. 1, Issue 6, 18, "International Arbitration Law Review" (Oct. 1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "International Control of Civil Procedure: Who Benefits?", 57, "Law and Contemporary Problems" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burden of Proof in International Arbitration", 7, "ICCA Congress Series" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arbitration in Central and Eastern Europe: A Practitioner's View", 47, "Arbitration Journal" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rules of Arbitral Bodies Considered from a Practical Point of View", 9, "Journal of International Arbitration" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From Vynior's Case to Mitsubishi: The Future of Arbitration and Public Law", "Brooklyn Journal of International Law" (1986)* "Extra-Territorial Application of Laws and Responses Thereto", "Extra-Territorial Application of Law and Responses Thereto" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Points of Disagreement", "Harvard Law School Bulletin" (Winter 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Discovery Abroad: The Perspective of the U.S. Private Practitioner," 16, "New York University Journal of International Law and Politics" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Transnational Litigation in American Courts: An Overview of Problems and Issues", 3, "Dickinson Journal of International Law" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Discovery of Documentary and Other Evidence in a Foreign Country: Perspective of the US Private Practitioner", "Extra-Territorial Application of Laws and Responses Thereto" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Iran-U.S.A. Arbitral Tribunal", "American Journal of Comparative Law"(1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Discovery of Documentary and Other Evidence in a Foreign Country", "American Journal of International Law" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Enforcement of Arbitral Awards Under Conventions and United States Law", "Yale Journal of World Public Order" (April 1983)

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Papers by or about von Mehren regarding the Hiss Case are available as follows:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanley F. Reed Oral History Project

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stephen Salant: Successful Strategic Deception

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alger Hiss Papers

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Debevoise & Plimpton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Cochrane McLean

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alger Hiss

paragraph: BULLET::::- International arbitration

wikidata_label: Robert Von Mehren

wikipedia_title: Robert von Mehren


text: Salamanca

text: Castile

text: Bogotá

text: New Kingdom of Granada

text: conquistador

text: Sebastian de Belalcázar

text: Cali

text: Popayán

text: Hernán Pérez de Quesada

text: Spanish conquest of the Muisca

text: Tundama

text: El Dorado

text: Llanos Orientales

text: Amazon River basin

text: Bogotá

text: scholars

text: Juan de Castellanos

text: Juan Rodríguez Freyle

text: El Carnero

text: Francisco Maldonado

text: Revolt of the Comuneros

text: Spanish colonization of the Americas

text: Rodrigo Arias de Maldonado

text: New Spain

text: (Francisco) Arias Maldonado

text: encomendero

text: Sora

text: Juan Maldonado

text: Ortún Velázquez de Velasco

text: Juan Prieto Maldonado

text: Tunja

text: Francisco Maldonado Dorado del Hierro

text: Georg von Speyer

text: Nikolaus Federmann

text: Sasaima

text: Bituima

text: Pedro Núñez Cabrera

text: Miguel Holguín y Figueroa

text: Francisco de Montejo, the Elder

text: Salamanca

text: hidalgo

text: Jorge Robledo

text: Audiencia

text: Francisco Briceño

text: Santo Domingo

text: Santa Marta

text: Sebastián de Belalcázar

text: San Francisco de Quito

text: Peru

text: New Kingdom of Granada

text: Jorge Robledo

text: Álvaro de Mendoza

text: Central Ranges

text: Andes

text: Pijao

text: Quimbaya

text: indigenous groups

text: Popayán

text: Bogotá savanna

text: Eastern Ranges

text: Nikolaus Federmann

text: expedition

text: Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada

text: Bogotá

text: Battle of Tocarema

text: Panche

text: Altiplano Cundiboyacense

text: Muisca Confederation

text: zipa

text: Bacatá

text: zaque

text: Hunza

text: iraca

text: Sugamuxi

text: Suamox

text: cacique

text: Tundama

text: bohío

text: settlement with the same name

text: Cerinza

text: Chitagoto

text: Sátiva

text: Soatá

text: Susacón

text: Muisca

text: guecha warriors

text: Paipa

text: Vargas Swamp Battle

text: Simón Bolívar

text: mythical

text: El Dorado

text: Santa Marta

text: Hernán Pérez de Quesada

text: gold

text: Llanos Orientales

text: Pasca

text: Juan de Céspedes

text: Guaviare

text: Papamene River

text: Olmeda River

text: La Fragua

text: Choque

text: Caquetá

text: poisoned arrows

text: Mocoa

text: Putumayo

text: Sibundoy

text: Inga

text: Kamëntsá

text: Popayán

text: Cali

text: Pensilvania

text: List of conquistadors in Colombia

text: Spanish conquest of the Muisca

text: El Dorado

text: Duitama

text: Hernán Pérez de Quesada

text: Sebastián de Belalcázar

text: Tundama

text: The conquest of Tundama

categories: History of Colombia,History of the Muisca,Year of birth unknown,Spanish conquistadors,16th-century Spanish people,People from Salamanca,Castilian-Leonese conquistadors,Explorers of Amazonia,16th-century explorers,1552 deaths

paragraph: Baltasar Maldonado

paragraph: Baltasar Maldonado, also written as Baltazar Maldonado, (?, Salamanca, Castile - 1552, Bogotá, New Kingdom of Granada) was a Spanish conquistador who first served under Sebastian de Belalcázar in the conquest of Quito and Peru, the foundations of Cali and Popayán, and later in the army of Hernán Pérez de Quesada in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca.

paragraph: Baltasar Maldonado is known as the conquistador who defeated the last ruling main "cacique" of the Muisca: Tundama, whom he killed with a large hammer in late December 1539. Subsequently, Baltasar Maldonado took part in the Quest for "El Dorado" led by Hernán Pérez de Quesada in the southern regions of present-day Colombia. After this failed expedition, where many of the Spanish soldiers died of diseases, poisoned arrows and drowning in the numerous rivers of the Llanos Orientales and western Amazon River basin, Baltasar Maldonado returned to Popayán and Cali and traveled back to Bogotá, the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada where he died in 1552.

paragraph: The adventures of Baltasar Maldonado during the first half of the 16th century have been described by scholars Juan de Castellanos and Juan Rodríguez Freyle in his work "El Carnero".

paragraph: Section::::The Maldonado family.

paragraph: The Maldonado family was a distinguished family in Salamanca, Spain. Notable is Francisco Maldonado, who was a leader in the Revolt of the Comuneros. Various conquistadors and other people involved in the Spanish colonization of the Americas of the Maldonado family are known in history; Rodrigo Arias de Maldonado, conquistador in New Spain, (Francisco) Arias Maldonado, who also served under De Belálcazar and became encomendero of Sora in Boyacá, Juan Maldonado, another conquistador in Colombia and son-in-law of Ortún Velázquez de Velasco, Juan Prieto Maldonado, conquistador in Tunja, Francisco Maldonado Dorado del Hierro, serving under German conquistadors Georg von Speyer and Nikolaus Federmann and later encomendero of Sasaima and Bituima, Diego Carasquilla Maldonado, who became "oídor" for Santa Fe de Bogotá in Lima, Francisco de Grado Maldonado, son of Isabel Maldonado, was conquistador in Peru. Another Isabel Maldonado was married to two conquistadors; Pedro Núñez Cabrera and after his death with Miguel Holguín y Figueroa. Alonso Maldonado y Guzmán was the son-in-law of conquistador in Mexico Francisco de Montejo, the Elder.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Baltasar Maldonado was born in Salamanca in a family of hidalgos as son of Francisco Maldonado, who served under Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba. He married Leonor de Carvajal y Mendoza, and the couple got four children; two sons and two daughters: Alfonso Maldonado y Carvajal, Alonso Maldonado, María Maldonado y Carvajal and Ana Maldonado de Carvajal. The sister of Leonor de Carvajal married successively Jorge Robledo, Pedro Briceño and president of the "Audiencia" Francisco Briceño.

paragraph: Section::::Spanish conquest.

paragraph: Baltasar Maldonado traveled from Spain to Santo Domingo and later to Santa Marta. He was a soldier in the conquest expedition of Sebastián de Belalcázar who founded San Francisco de Quito on December 6, 1534, and Peru and was sent northwards into the later New Kingdom of Granada with his later brother-in-law Jorge Robledo and Álvaro de Mendoza. They reached the central part of the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes in 1539, where the troops encountered resistance of the Pijao, Quimbaya and other indigenous groups.

paragraph: He accompanied De Belalcázar on his journey from Popayán, founded on January 13, 1537, towards the Bogotá savanna in the Eastern Ranges where the conquistadors encountered the other two groups; the eastern expedition led by Nikolaus Federmann and the main expedition under command of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. After the foundation of Bogotá on August 6, 1538, the soldiers participated in the Battle of Tocarema two weeks later to submit the Panche to the west of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. During this time, Baltasar Maldonado was involved in the conquest of the Central Ranges, and sent east by Jorge Robledo to the Muisca Confederation on the Altiplano.

paragraph: Section::::Spanish conquest.:Conquest of Tundama.

paragraph: While most of the Muisca Confederation was submitted to the Spanish rule; first the "zipa" of Bacatá in April 1537, then the "zaque" of Hunza four months later and shortly after the "iraca" Sugamuxi in Suamox, the northernmost territories were still controlled by the "cacique" Tundama, whose "bohío" was built on an island (the "La Tolosa" hill, north of the present-day town centre) in the lake of the settlement with the same name, today known as Duitama. Tundama was the last "cacique" of Duitama and the "caciques" of Cerinza, Chitagoto, Icabuco, Lupacoche, Sátiva, Soatá and Susacón were loyal to him. Tundama, other than the earlier "caciques" of the Muisca resisted heavily against the European invaders and punished one of his people who suggested to surrender by cutting off their ears and left hand. Tundama declared a "death war" against the Spanish soldiers and gathered an army of 10,000 guecha warriors.

paragraph: It was Baltasar Maldonado who was the conquistador to defeat Tundama and 4000 other Muisca in December 1539, a struggle that took two weeks, culminating in the Battle of the Vargas Swamp, close to Paipa, where 280 years later the famous Vargas Swamp Battle by Simón Bolívar would be fought. Tundama was killed by Baltasar Maldonado with a large hammer.

paragraph: Section::::Spanish conquest.:Quest for "El Dorado".

paragraph: The mythical city of gold "El Dorado" was a common legend in the early days of the conquest of what later would become Colombia; the troops of Gonzalo de Quesada were drawn from the relative safety of the Caribbean coast in Santa Marta towards the heart of the Andes, while around the same time the southern expedition led by De Belalcázar heard similar stories in Quito. After the establishment of the New Kingdom of Granada, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada left for Spain with De Belalcázar and other soldiers who participated in the conquest and left the reign of the new colony in the hands of his brother, Hernán Pérez de Quesada. Hernán organised an expedition to search for the mythical lands of gold towards the southeast of the Altiplano; the vast flatlands of the Llanos Orientales. The troops left Bogotá in September 1540 and passed through Pasca, that was founded by fellow conquistador Juan de Céspedes, three years earlier.

paragraph: The conquistadors passed the mountains of the Eastern Ranges and crossed the Guaviare and Papamene Rivers. While crossing one of the many rivers of the Llanos, a horserider of the expedition, Jorge Olmeda, drowned with his horse and an indigenous woman he had taken with him. The Spanish honoured him by naming this the Olmeda River. The soldiers reached La Fragua, a settlement populated by the Choque in the present-day department of Caquetá, where Hernán Pérez de Quesada decided to stay for a while to rest. He sent Baltasar Maldonado ahead to search for other settlements in the area. Maldonado tried to cross a river but he was halted by the indigenous people living there, who shot poisoned arrows at the conquistador, forcing him to retreat. At night, Baltasar Maldonado and his men attempted to defeat the indigenous a second time, this time successfully by ambushing them on a small island in the river. The hurt natives fled and many drowned in the waters. Hernán Pérez de Quesada with the other remaining soldiers joined the troops of Maldonado again in Mocoa, Putumayo to the south. From here, the expedition went back into the Andes to search for food.

paragraph: Baltasar Maldonado walked for three days, finally encountering a lush valley in Sibundoy, terrain of the Inga and Kamëntsá. This valley was part of the jurisdiction of the earlier founded Popayán and the colleagues of Maldonado from four years earlier lived in the area. Maldonado, however, was unaware of this and returned to his expedition leader Hernán to report the location of the valley. The troops marched back and found the conquistadors, among which Molina, Cepeda and others. From here, the expedition that failed to find "El Dorado" returned to Cali, formerly founded by De Belalcázar. Baltasar Maldonado, who had spent years in the conquest of Colombian terrain, returned to Bogotá via Pensilvania. He died in the capital in 1552.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of conquistadors in Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spanish conquest of the Muisca

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Dorado"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duitama, Hernán Pérez de Quesada

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sebastián de Belalcázar, Tundama

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The conquest of Tundama

wikidata_label: Baltasar Maldonado

wikipedia_title: Baltasar Maldonado


text:
stage name
Suzhou
Jiangsu
Republic of China
Tu Guangqi
Shaw Brothers Studio
Tu Guangqi
United States
Taiwan
Hong Kong

categories: Chinese emigrants to the United States,2010 deaths,Hong Kong television actresses,20th-century Hong Kong actresses,20th-century Chinese actresses,Chinese television actresses,1924 births,Actresses from Suzhou,Chinese film actresses,Hong Kong film actresses

paragraph: Ouyang Sha-fei

paragraph: Qian Shunying (Chinese: 錢舜英; September 9, 1924 - March 8, 2010), better known by her stage name Ouyang Sha-fei (Chinese: 欧阳莎菲), was a Chinese actress.

paragraph: She is known for her roles in Dragon Fist (1979), A Chinese Ghost Story II (1990), and Dream of the Red Chamber (1977).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ouyang was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Republic of China on September 9, 1924.

paragraph: Section::::Acting career.

paragraph: Ouyang was prolific actress; she famously starred in over 250 films in a 54-year period, between 1937 and 1991. At the age of 17, she began her acting career in several Mandarin movies in Shanghai. "Spy Number One" (1946) was her first successful movie. Ouyang made 17 films between 1951 and 1952, making her one of the busiest actresses in the Hong Kong film industry in her time. For most of the movies in her early career, she collaborated with her director and husband, Tu Guangqi. This partnership lasted until 1956.

paragraph: In the early 1960s, Ouyang signed with the Shaw Brothers Studio. She exclusively acted in their films until the late 1970s. As her career matured in the late 1970s, Ouyang primarily took on roles of the mother or aunt in films and received two awards as the Best Supporting Role. While in Taiwan, she collaborated primarily with local Taiwanese TV networks. After returning to Hong Kong, she made cameos in many TV shows and movies and finally retired in 1990.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: As Ouyang's acting career took off in the 1940s, she married her director, Tu Guangqi. Her marriage was well-known after World War II. In the 1950s, the married couple escaped to Hong Kong to escape the political turmoil in China. They separated in 1956 and were divorced.

paragraph: In 1979, she remarried and relocated to the United States. When her new spouse died the next year, she relocated to Taiwan. Ouyang later returned to Hong Kong.

paragraph: After retiring in 1990, Ouyang relocated to the US for a few years and experienced a bad fall in 2009. Her health declined until she died of organ failure on August 5, 2010 and was buried in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Film.

paragraph: Ouyang starred in over 250 films.

description: actress

wikidata_label: Sha-Fei Ouyang

wikipedia_title: Ouyang Sha-fei


text:
Medebach
University of Cologne
armillary sphere
sundial
quadrant
astrolabe
Coma Berenices

wikipedia_title:
Medebach
University of Cologne
Armillary sphere
Sundial
Quadrant (instrument)
Astrolabe
Coma Berenices

categories: 1561 deaths,1511 births,German cartographers

paragraph: Caspar Vopel

paragraph: Caspar Vopel (1511–1561) was a German cartographer and instrument maker. Born in Medebach, he studied mathematics and medicine at the University of Cologne in 1526–1529. He taught mathematics at the Gymnasium of Cologne and in the early 1530s established a workshop to produce celestial and terrestrial globes, armillary spheres, sundials, quadrants and astrolabes. In 1545 he began to prepare maps and atlases. His mappemonde of 1545 is titled "NOVA ET INTEGRA VNIVERSALISQVE ORBIS TOTIVS IVXTA GERMANVM NEOTERICORVM TRADITIONEM DESCRIPTIO" (A New Complete and Universal Description of the Whole World, according to the Modern German Tradition).

paragraph: Vopel is sometimes credited with the promotion of the ancient asterism Coma Berenices to constellation status.

description: German mathematician, astronomer, instrument maker and cartographer

wikidata_label: Caspar Vopel

wikipedia_title: Caspar Vopel