text: rock

text: pop

text: Rooney

text: Lick the Star

text: The Virgin Suicides

text: Sofia Coppola

text: The Princess Diaries

text: Los Angeles

text: California

text: Talia Shire

text: née

text: Jack Schwartzman

text: Francis Ford Coppola

text: Nicolas Cage

text: Sofia Coppola

text: Roman Coppola

text: Christopher Coppola

text: Italia Coppola

text: née

text: Carmine Coppola

text: Gia Coppola

text: Jason Schwartzman

text: Coconut Records

text: Phantom Planet

text: John Schwartzman

text: Jewish

text: Catholic

text: Italian

text: Windward School

text: California

text: Rooney

text: Eugene Lang College

text: Johnny Ramone

text: Ramones

text: We're A Happy Family

text: Rooney

text: Weezer

text: The Strokes

text: The O.C.

text: The Third Wheel

text: Tiger Woods PGA Tour

text: All My Children

text: Calling the World

text: When Did Your Heart Go Missing?

text: Beauty and the Geek

text: "Palo Alto"

text: Dev Hynes

text: Dreamland

text: Johnny Simmons

text: Amy Landecker

text: Tribeca Film Festival

text: limited release

text: video on demand

text: The Unicorn

text: Lauren Lapkus

text: Nick Rutherford

text: South by Southwest

text: Dreamland

text: The Unicorn

text: The Argument

text: Rooney

text: Rooney

text: Rooney

text: Calling the World

text: Ben Lee

text: Ripe

text: Demi Lovato

text: Don't Forget

text: Rooney

text: Rooney

text: Rooney

text: Eureka

text: SoloBob - Fantastic 15

text: Robert Schwartzman

text: We the Kings

text: Sunshine State of Mind

text: Rooney

text: Rooney: Spit and Sweat

text: Solobob

text: Clique Girls

text: Clique Girls

text: Clique Girls

text: Coppola family tree

text: Rooney official site

text: Robert Schwartzman official site

categories: 21st-century American writers,American male screenwriters,American male singers,American rock singers,Film directors from Los Angeles,Singers from California,American people of Jewish descent,American male film actors,Musicians from Los Angeles,21st-century American male actors,20th-century American male actors,Coppola family,Screenwriters from California,Male actors from Los Angeles,American people of Italian descent,Living people,American male writers,1982 births

paragraph: Robert Schwartzman

paragraph: Robert Coppola Schwartzman (born December 24, 1982) is an American actor, screenwriter, director, and musician. Schwartzman is also best known as the lead vocalist of the rock/pop band Rooney. He has also acted in the short black-and-white film "Lick the Star" and "The Virgin Suicides", both directed and co-written by his cousin Sofia Coppola, as well as "The Princess Diaries".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Schwartzman was born in Los Angeles, California, United States, he is the youngest of three boys of Talia Shire (née Coppola) and the late producer Jack Schwartzman. Many other members of Schwartzman's family are involved in film: he is the nephew of Francis Ford Coppola, cousin of Nicolas Cage, Sofia Coppola, Roman Coppola and Christopher Coppola, and grandson of Italia Coppola (née Pennino) and Carmine Coppola (the source of his old stage name) and his niece, Gia Coppola. His brother is Jason Schwartzman, lead singer of the band Coconut Records (also an actor and former drummer of the band Phantom Planet) and his half-siblings are Stephanie Schwartzman and cinematographer John Schwartzman. Schwartzman is of Jewish descent on his father's side and of Catholic Italian descent on his mother's side.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Schwartzman attended Windward School in Los Angeles, California and formed his band Rooney in his junior year of school in 1999. He left the band temporarily when he attended Eugene Lang College in New York City in 2001. Schwartzman wrote songs in his dorm room and flew home every month to perform new material for Rooney in his first semester at college. Most of the songs on the first Rooney album were written while in college. It was during this time that he realized that he wanted to go back to Los Angeles and pursue a professional career in music with Rooney.

paragraph: Shortly after he left school, he was signed to Geffen/Interscope records in early 2002. Rooney recorded their debut self-titled album in June 2002. They also were selected by Schwartzman's friend, Johnny Ramone, for the Ramones tribute album entitled We're A Happy Family, which was released in early 2003. Rooney opened for Weezer during their headlining tour in the summer of 2002, it was their first national support slot. The next tour the band landed was with the band The Strokes. Rooney's album was finally released in May 2003 and has since sold approximately 500,000 copies. The band had a cameo appearance in an episode of "The O.C.", "The Third Wheel". Their song "Blueside" was featured on the Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2004 soundtrack, and their song "I'm Shakin'" was featured on an episode of the daytime soap opera "All My Children".

paragraph: On November 16, 2004 the band issued their first DVD, "Spit & Sweat". The hourlong documentary features interviews with the band and live performances from Los Angeles. The DVD also includes the videos for "Blueside", "I'm Shakin'", and "If It Were Up to Me". Following their 2006 summer tour, the band began the recording sessions for their second album. Three songs from previous sessions ("Don't Come Around Again", "Paralyzed", and "Tell Me Soon"), were kept for their new album, "Calling the World". On March 6, 2007, the single "When Did Your Heart Go Missing?" was released on their MySpace account. The single also was used in commercials for the TV show "Beauty and the Geek". The album was released to stores July 17, 2007, and debuted at #42 on the "Billboard" Top 100 Albums chart.

paragraph: Robert Schwartzman released his first solo album, "Double Capricorn", on October 25, 2011. All profits from the sale of the album will be donated to the Tibetan Healing Fund to help build a new birthing center. He scored the 2013 film "Palo Alto" with Dev Hynes of Blood Orange.

paragraph: In 2016, Schwarzmann wrote and directed "Dreamland", starring Johnny Simmons and Amy Landecker. It had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 14, 2016. It was released in a limited release and through video on demand on November 11, 2016. In 2018, Schwartzman directed "The Unicorn" starring Lauren Lapkus and Nick Rutherford. It had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 10, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Director.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dreamland" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Unicorn" (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Argument" (TBA)

paragraph: Section::::Director.:Composer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rooney - "Rooney" (released May 20, 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rooney - "Calling the World" (released July 17, 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ben Lee - "Ripe" co-writer (song "Sex Without Love", 2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Demi Lovato - "Don't Forget" co-writer (song "Party", 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rooney - "" Theme Song (released March 29, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rooney - "Wild One EP" (released November 27, 2009 only through private band distribution but later released on Amazon.com February 3, 2010 and was soon available at other online-only media outlets; iTunes, Zune)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rooney - "Eureka", excluding track 4 (released June 8, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- SoloBob - Fantastic 15 (released via Amazon.com July 27, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Schwartzman - Double Capricorn (released October 25, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- We the Kings - "Sunshine State of Mind" co-writer (song "Friday is Forever", 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- StarSystem -Pleasure District EP (released October 8, 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rooney - "Washed Away" (released May 6, 2016)

paragraph: Section::::Director.:Misc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rooney: Spit and Sweat as Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- A New Princess (The Making of the Princess Diaries) as Himself

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solobob as Himself

paragraph: Section::::Director.:Producer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clique Girls "Incredible" - 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clique Girls "Clique Girlz EP" - 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clique Girls "Then I Woke Up/Heaven Is Place on Earth" - 2008

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coppola family tree

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rooney official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Schwartzman official site

description: musician and actor from the United States

wikidata_label: Robert Coppola Schwartzman

wikipedia_title: Robert Schwartzman


text: Alameda

text: California

text: San Francisco Art Institute

text: California College of Arts and Crafts

text: Isamu Noguchi

text: Harvard University

text: University of California, Berkeley

text: travertine

text: granite

text: alabaster

text: Washington, D.C.

categories: California College of the Arts alumni,Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area,1939 births,Living people,People from Alameda, California

paragraph: Walter Dusenbery

paragraph: Walter Dusenbery (born September 21, 1939 in Alameda, California) is an American sculptor. He attended the San Francisco Art Institute, earned an MFA from California College of Arts and Crafts, and then studied in Japan and Italy under Isamu Noguchi. He also held teaching positions at Harvard University and University of California, Berkeley Graduate School of Design. From 1971 to 1988, he lived both in Pietrasanta,Italy, and in Little Italy, New York City.

paragraph: Dusenbery's preferred material is stone, particularly travertine or granite. Dusenbery has a particular interest in adding sculpture to public places, such as federal buildings, to humanize the space, but in 1988, he assembled a show of small, entirely hand-carved alabaster sculptures, called "Walter Dusenbery, The Personal Side," at the Fendrick Gallery in Washington, D.C..

paragraph: That same year, 1988, he was awarded a large commission for the Fulton County Building Atrium in Atlanta, Georgia. The commission was for three fountains and related structures over three stories in height, designed for informal and ceremonial public events. After completion of the "Atlantacropolis," Dusenbery withdrew from the gallery world and focused his energy on site-specific commissions. Seeking a large-scale stone studio for projects closer to home, he discovered there were none. In 1995, he approached sculptor and patron of sculpture J. Seward Johnson Jr. with the idea of creating a state-of-the-art stone-carving studio, so that American sculptors would not have to travel abroad to

paragraph: realize their work. Johnson agreed to fund such a facility, if Dusenbery would direct it.

paragraph: In 1996, Dusenbery designed the facility for the Stone Division at Johnson Atelier Technical Institute of Sculpture, and was its first director. The facility was situated in "a building resembling an airplane hangar," complete with the most advanced computer numerically controlled (CNC) stone-milling machines built for sculpture fabrication, an indoor observation tower, and overhead cranes capable of lifting up to 30 tons. The studio offered the ability to digitally scan three-dimensional forms. The digital files generated offered new creative opportunities of manipulation and could be seamlessly exported for extremely accurate carving by the CNC milling machines from massive blocks of stone. The Stone Division was a success and attracted a strong group of sculptors: Magdalena Abakanowicz,Lawrence Argent, Barry X. Ball, Jon Isherwood, and Manolo Valdes, to name a few. Dusenbery continued to direct and produce work at the Stone Division until 2003, when it became necessary to reorganize the studio. It was redeveloped as the Digital Stone Project by the clients of the Stone Division as a not-for-profit in 2004. Dusenbery was named President of the Board and remained in that position until 2008.

paragraph: Dusenbery was given "Stone World"'s "Technological Achievement Award" in 1999, which recognizes stone workers who innovate, share, and promote new technologies in the industry.

paragraph: Other awards include the 1985 Augustus Saint-Gaudens Memorial Prize in 1985, Deutscher Akademischer Austasch Dienst in 1982, National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1981 and Creative Arts Service Grant in 1980.

paragraph: Dusenbery received the commission for the entrance to the Presidential Trauma Center serving the Northwest in 2009. The entrance relief is 75 feet long and ten feet high. Titled "In the Garden," it is made with six variously colored marbles and comprises three formal garden views, a metaphor for man's work with nature. The work was installed in late 2011 at the Harborview Hospital in Seattle, Washington.

description: American sculptor

wikidata_label: Walter Dusenbery

wikipedia_title: Walter Dusenbery


text:
Surabaya
Santpoort
Dutch
Dutch East Indies
Indonesia
Surabaya
Java
Dutch East Indies
Indonesia
Deventer
Resident
Dutch New Guinea
secondary school
Deventer
Deli
Sumatra
Hungary
Budapest
rubber plantation
Dutch East Indies
Santpoort
Netherlands
Pearl S. Buck
Margaret Campbell Barnes
Zsolt Harsányi
Jolán Földes
Amsterdam
Koelie
shanghaied
Deli
njai
historic novel
Atjeh
Sumatra
Dukun
KITLV
Conserve
M.H. Székely-Lulofs
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Magdalena Lulofs at historici.nl

categories: Dutch East Indies,1899 births,Dutch women writers,People from Surabaya,People from Deventer,Indonesian writers,1958 deaths,Dutch writers

paragraph: Madelon Szekely-Lulofs

paragraph: Madelon Szekely-Lulofs (24 June 1899 in Surabaya – 22 May 1958 in Santpoort) was a Dutch writer and journalist, best known for writing novels that were set in the former Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Szekely-Lulofs was born on 24 June 1899 as Madelon (Magdalena) Hermine (Hermina) Lulofs in the Oranje Hotel in Surabaya on the island of Java (then Dutch East Indies now Indonesia). She was the eldest daughter of Claas Lulofs, a civil servant in the Dutch East Indies and Sarah Christina Dijckmeester, whose families both originated from Deventer, Netherlands. Her father achieved the rank of Resident of Dutch New Guinea.

paragraph: In 1912 Madelon Lulofs was sent by her parents to follow secondary school in Deventer, where she lived with her grandmother.

paragraph: After her first marriage in 1917 to a Dutch rubber planter, Hendrik Doffegnies, she moved to Deli on the island of Sumatra. From her first marriage she had two daughters, Mary Maud Doffegnies and Christine Doffegnies. She read a lot and started to write herself but her husband was not much interested in her writing. When she met another writer, Lászlo Székely, a Hungarian, who worked on the same plantation, she showed her first work to him en they became lovers. Székely then was instrumental to publish her stories in a local newspaper in Sumatra. When her husband discovered her adultery, he sent her and her daughters for one year to Australia, but when Madelon returned to Deli in 1925 she still was in love with Székely. She divorced Hendrik Doffegnies in 1926 and in the same year married Lászlo Székely in Hungary. This created a scandal in the Dutch Indonesian society. In 1927 the couple returned to Sumatra and Székely was offered a job on the same plantation where her first husband, Doffegnies, was working. From her second marriage another daughter Clothilde Malvina Székely was born in March 1929. The return to Sumatra was not a success, so they departed to Europe in 1930 where they first settled in Budapest.

paragraph: After her first novel, "Rubber", was published in 1931, she became a famous writer. Life on a rubber plantation in Deli and her own life experiences formed the base of her story. Before the 1930s planting of rubber in the Dutch East Indies reached a peak, but in 1930 disaster struck and many people in that industry lost their jobs and faced bankruptcy. "Rubber" was translated in many languages and turned into a play and a film.

paragraph: In 1938 with the danger of the Second World War approaching, the Székely family moved from Hungary to Santpoort, Netherlands, but in 1941 Lászlo returned to Hungary. Being a Jew, he didn't want to compromise his family. Lászlo Székely survived the war, but he died on April 14, 1946 in Hungary just before his departure to the Netherlands. In the 1940s Székely-Lulofs published some new books, but in the fifties she produced mainly translations into Dutch, from English by Pearl S. Buck and Margaret Campbell Barnes, but also from Hungarian (Zsolt Harsányi, Jolán Földes) and German. In 1958 on 22 May, while shopping in Amsterdam, Székely-Lulofs suffered a heart attack from which she died.

paragraph: Many of her works as mentioned below give some of her personal life stories.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Rubber and Coolie.

paragraph: After "Rubber" (published in Dutch and English in 1931), another novel was published in 1932: "Koelie" (or "Coolie" in English). Rubber is part her own life story and part fiction. It gives insight into the life of the colonial planters and makes the reader aware of the conflicts between the Indonesian population and the colonial (Dutch) oppressor. "Coolie" is a story how young healthy Javanese were shanghaied to trick them into working for the rubber plantations in Sumatra. Reality and story have been mixed in this novel.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:The other world.

paragraph: "De andere wereld" ('The Other World') is a 1934 novel about a poor downtrodden boy from Amsterdam, Pieter Pots, who gets a job on a rubber plantation in Deli, Sumatra and the world he is going to live in as a colonial white skinned person compared to the very poor life he has led in Amsterdam. It also shows that money does not buy everything. His "njai" (Indonesian housekeeper annex concubine) gives him more understanding and love than his Dutch wife. In the end he returns to Indonesia and to his njai.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Tjoet Nja Dinh.

paragraph: This is a historic novel published in Dutch in 1948 about a noblewoman from Atjeh in northern Sumatra. It describes the war between the local people and the Dutch colonial power in the period 1873-1914, of which the difference in religion also played a part. This book was written in a very different style.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Doekoen.

paragraph: "Doekoen" (Dukun) appeared as a serial in the weekly ladies' magazine "Margriet" (1952-1953). It was only published as a book in 2001 by KITLV publishers in Leiden. This novel portrays the difference between the Dutch physician and the local witch doctor with all its differences and difficulties.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Meeting the Dead.

paragraph: In 2011 two of Székely-Lulofs's grandsons, Michael Walker and Willem-Ewoud Modderman, published some stories (found in an old trunk) for the first time in the Dutch language, with the title "Ontmoeting met de Dood" (Meeting the Dead) at Conserve publishers.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- M.H. Székely-Lulofs at the Digital Library for Dutch Literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magdalena Lulofs at historici.nl

description: Dutch writer

wikidata_label: Madelon Szekely-Lulofs

wikipedia_title: Madelon Szekely-Lulofs


text: jurist

text: polemology

text: 's-Hertogenbosch

text: journalist

text: Radboud University Nijmegen

text: Utrecht University

text: cum laude

text: Groningen University

text: Utrecht

text: Japan

text: Radhabinod Pal

text: India

text: majority

text: Matthijs Röling

text: Kees van Beijnum

text: Marcel Hensema

text: NHK

text: Tokyo Trial

text: Profile at Groningen University

categories: Dutch legal scholars,Dutch jurists,People from 's-Hertogenbosch,Utrecht University alumni,1906 births,1985 deaths,Dutch lawyers,Radboud University Nijmegen alumni

paragraph: Bert Röling

paragraph: Bernard Victor Aloysius (Bert) Röling (26 December 1906 – 16 March 1985) was a Dutch jurist and founding father of polemology in the Netherlands. Between 1946 and 1948 he acted as the Dutch representative for the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Röling was born in 's-Hertogenbosch as a son of journalist Gerardus Röling en Christina Maria Dorothea Taverne. He studied law at Radboud University Nijmegen and Utrecht University. At the latter he graduated cum laude in 1933 with his dissertation "De wetgeving tegen de zogenaamde beroeps- en gewoontemisdadigers", which was awarded a prize by the Groningen University. He started teaching in Utrecht the same year and founded the Institute for Criminology in 1934 together with Willem Pompe.

paragraph: In 1946 he was appointed member of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. In deliberations with judges from ten other countries, he dissented from the tribunal's verdict that convicted Japan as aggressor. His views were shared by fellow judge Radhabinod Pal from India. However, under the rules of the tribunal, all verdicts and sentences were decided by a majority of the presiding judges.

paragraph: In 1950 Röling was appointed professor at Groningen University where he founded the Institute for Polemology in 1962. He retired from academic life in 1977 but remained active for the Institute until his death in 1985.

paragraph: Section::::Publications (selection).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tokyo Trial and beyond. Reflections of a peacemonger". Ed. and with an introd. by Antonio Cassese. Cambridge, Polity Press, 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Völkerrecht und Friedenswissenschaft". (Carl-von-Ossietzky-Vorlesung) Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, 1974

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Polemologie. Een inleiding tot de wetenschap van oorlog en vrede". Assen, Van Gorcum 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tokyo judgement". APA Univ. Press Amsterdam 1977, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The 1974 U.N. definition of aggression". In: Antonio Cassese: "The current legal regulation of the use of force". Nijhoff, Dordrecht 1986, , p. 413–421.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crimes against peace". In: Antonio Cassese: "The current legal regulation of the use of force". Nijhoff, Dordrecht 1986, , p. 385–394.

paragraph: Section::::Trivia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bert Röling is the father of painter Matthijs Röling and the uncle of artist .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugo Röling, another son, wrote a book about his father during the period as judge at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Röling's experiences during the Tokyo Trials acted as inspiration for the novel "De Offers" ("The Sacrifices") of writer Kees van Beijnum. In the novel the judge is called Rem Brink.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Röling was portrayed by Dutch actor Marcel Hensema in the 2016 NHK miniseries "Tokyo Trial".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- C.G. Roelofsen: 'Röling, Bernardus Victor Aloysius (1906-1985)'

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Groningen University

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The forgotten tribunal of Tokyo", de Volkskrant, 12 September 1998.

alias:
Bert Röling
B.V.A. Röling
Bernard Victor Aloysius Röling

description: Dutch jurist

wikidata_label: Bernard Victor Aloysius Röling

wikipedia_title: Bert Röling


text:
favourite
chief mistress
King Charles VII of France
royal mistress
Jean Fouquet
Rene I of Naples
maid of honour
Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
Marie d'Anjou
Charles VII of France
Château de Loches
Joan of Arc
Chinon
royal mistress
low-cut
Jean Juvénal des Ursins
Marie
Charlotte
Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet
Diane de Poitiers
Chinon
Jumièges
dysentery
Philippe Charlier
mercury
Loches
Jumièges
King Louis XI
Jacques Cœur
Antoinette de Maignelais
Voltaire
La Pucelle
Pyotr Tchaikovsky
The Maid of Orleans
César Cui
The Saracen
Judy Chicago
The Dinner Party
Heritage Floor
bodice
corsage
D'Orliac, Jehanne

categories: 15th-century French women,1421 births,French ladies-in-waiting,1450 deaths,People from Indre-et-Loire,House of Valois,15th-century French people,French artists' models,Mistresses of French royalty

paragraph: Agnès Sorel

paragraph: Agnès Sorel (1422 – 9 February 1450), known by the sobriquet "Dame de beauté" (Lady of Beauty), was a favourite, and chief mistress, of King Charles VII of France, by whom she bore four daughters. She is considered the first officially recognized royal mistress. She was the subject of several contemporary paintings and works of art, including Jean Fouquet's "Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels".

paragraph: Section::::Life in the royal court.

paragraph: Born in 1422, the daughter of Jean Soreau and Catherine de Maignelais, Sorel was 20-21 years old when she was first introduced to King Charles. At that time, she was holding a position in the household of Rene I of Naples, as a maid of honour to his consort Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine. Sorel then went on to serve as the lady-in-waiting for Marie d'Anjou, Charles VII of France's wife and Isabella's sister in law. She would soon become his mistress. The King gave her the Château de Loches (where he had been persuaded by Joan of Arc to be crowned King of France) as her private residence.

paragraph: Soon, her presence was felt at the royal court in Chinon where her company was alleged to have brought the king out of a protracted depression. She had a very strong influence on the king, and that, in addition to her extravagant tastes, earned her powerful enemies at court. Sorel would become the first officially recognized royal mistress.

paragraph: Sorel generated scandal at court, particularly for championing the fashion of her wearing of low-cut gowns. This behavior was both imitated and scorned. Jean Juvénal des Ursins, the archbishop of Reims, counseled the king to correct such fashions as "front openings through which one sees the teats, nipples, and breasts of women" ("ouvertures de par devant, par lesquelles on voit les tetins, tettes et seing des femmes").

paragraph: Section::::Children and death.

paragraph: Agnès gave birth to four daughters fathered by the King:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie possibly born the summer of 1444,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlotte, m. Jacques de Brézé (their son, Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, in turn married Diane de Poitiers, herself ultimately a famous royal mistress.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne

paragraph: While pregnant with their fourth child, she journeyed from Chinon in midwinter to join Charles on the campaign of 1450 in Jumièges, wanting to be with him as moral support. There, she suddenly became ill, and after giving birth, she and her daughter died on 9 February 1450. She was 28 years old. While the cause of death was originally thought to be dysentery, French forensic scientist Philippe Charlier suggested in 2005 that Agnès died of mercury poisoning. He offered no opinion about whether she was murdered. Mercury was sometimes used in cosmetic preparations or to treat worms, and such use might have brought about her death. She was interred in the Church of St. Ours, in Loches. Her heart was buried in the Benedictine Abbey of Jumièges.

paragraph: Charles' son, the future King Louis XI, had been in open revolt against his father for the previous four years. It has been speculated that he had Agnès poisoned in order to remove what he may have considered her undue influence over the king. It was also speculated that French financier, noble and minister Jacques Cœur poisoned her, though that theory is widely discredited as having been an attempt to remove Coeur from the French court.

paragraph: Her cousin Antoinette de Maignelais took her place as mistress to the king after her death.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Sorel plays a main part in Voltaire's "La Pucelle". Two Russian operas from the late 19th century also portray her, along with Charles VII: Pyotr Tchaikovsky's "The Maid of Orleans" and César Cui's "The Saracen". She is also a featured figure on Judy Chicago's installation piece "The Dinner Party", being represented as one of the 999 names on the "Heritage Floor." Two garments use Sorel's name in their descriptors, Agnes Sorel bodice, Agnes Sorel corsage and a fashion style named after her as well, Agnes Sorel style, which is described as a "princess" style of dressing.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autheman, Marc. (2008). "Agnès Sorel: l'inspiratrice".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Desmondes, Tim. (2009). "Agnes Sorel: The Breast And Crotch That Changed History". Austin: The Nazca Plains Corporation.

paragraph: BULLET::::- D'Orliac, Jehanne. (1931). "The Lady of Beauty: Agnes Sorel. First Royal Favourite of France". J.B. Lippincott Company. Translated by M.C. Darnton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duquesne. (1909). "Vie et Aventures galantes de la belle Sorel". Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goldsmid, Edmund. (2010). "A King's Mistress: Or, Charles Vii. & Agnes Sorel and Chivalry in the Xv. Century, Volumes 1–2". Charleston: Nabu Press.

alias:
Agnès Soreau
Agnès Sorelle
Dame de Beauté
Agnes Sorel
Agnes Soreau
Agnes Sorelle
Dame de Beaute

description: French Royal mistress

wikidata_label: Agnès Sorel

wikipedia_title: Agnès Sorel


text: Carl Ritter

text: Free Thinkers

text: Sisterdale, Texas

text: German Texan

text: Aristotle

text: Marshall McLuhan

text: "Handbook of Texas Online"

categories: German geographers,Freethought writers,German emigrants to the Republic of Texas,German philosophers,1896 deaths,German-American culture in Texas,German male writers,1808 births,German emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Ernst Kapp

paragraph: Ernst Christian Kapp (15 October 1808 – 30 January 1896) was a German philosopher of technology and geographer, he was also a follower of Carl Ritter.

paragraph: He was prosecuted for sedition in the late 1840s for publishing a small article entitled 'Der konstituiert Despotismus und die konstitutionelle Freiheit' (1849) and was subsequently forced to leave Germany. He then emigrated to the German pioneer settlements of central Texas where he worked as a farmer, geographer and inventor.

paragraph: He was one of the early German Free Thinkers in Sisterdale, Texas. In 1853, he was elected the President of the Freethinker abolitionist organization Die Freie Verein (The Free Society), which called for a meeting of abolitionist German Texans

paragraph: 1) Equal pay for equal work; 2) Direct election of the President of the United States; 3) Abolition of capital punishment; 4) Slavery is an evil, the abolition of which is a requirement of democratic principles...; 5) Free schools – including universities - supported by the state, without religious influence; and 6) Total separation of church and state.

paragraph: After the Civil War he left the USA for a visit to Germany, but fell ill during the voyage. Urged by his physician not to risk the return trip at his age, he re-entered the academic world.

paragraph: Reflecting on his frontier experience, Kapp wrote "Grundlinien einer Philosophie der Technik" (Elements of a Philosophy of Technology) (1877). This work, among many other things, formulates a philosophy of technology in which tools and weapons are identified as different forms of 'organ projections', although this idea may have been loosely covered as early as Aristotle. Furthermore, in chapters 12 & 13, it notably analyses language and the state as extensions of mental life, long before such ideas were popularised by Marshall McLuhan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Handbook of Texas Online"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Biographical and bibliographical notes on Ernst Kapp"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Regent Universities notes on Ernst Kapp & Marshall McLuhan"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elements of a Philosophy of Technology" on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grundlinien einer Philosophie der Technik" on Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grundlinien einer Philosophie der Technik" on Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Viktor Hantzsch: "Kapp, Ernst". In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 51, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1906, p. 31–33 (in German)

description: German philosopher

wikidata_label: Ernst Kapp

wikipedia_title: Ernst Kapp


text:
Major League Baseball
pitcher
Cleveland Indians
Chicago Cubs
Marshalltown Ansons
Central Association
Houston Buffaloes
Texas League
Louisville Colonels
American Association
Bellingham Chinooks
Western International League

categories: St. Louis Cardinals scouts,Cleveland Indians players,Grand Rapids Black Sox players,Portland Beavers players,Minor league baseball managers,Indianapolis Indians players,Louisville Colonels (minor league) managers,Sacramento Senators players,Baseball players from Indiana,Bellingham Chinooks players,Vernon Tigers players,Rochester Red Wings managers,1959 deaths,Keokuk Indians players,Chicago Cubs players,Louisville Colonels (minor league) players,Salt Lake City Bees players,Columbus Joy Riders players,Sacramento Solons players,Wichita Izzies players,Houston Buffaloes players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Marshalltown Ansons players,Sacramento Solons managers,1896 births,People from Boonville, Indiana,Montgomery Bombers players,Cadillac Chiefs players

paragraph: Ken Penner

paragraph: Kenneth William Penner (April 24, 1896 – May 28, 1959) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played for two seasons. He pitched for the Cleveland Indians in 1916 and the NL-Pennant winning Chicago Cubs in 1929; he did not appear in the World Series.

paragraph: In between his two major league seasons, he played in the minor leagues for 28 seasons (1913 - 1943); he recorded a career record of 330-284 (.537 win pct) and a 3.67 ERA over 5,571 innings. He won league ERA titles for the 1916 Marshalltown Ansons in the Central Association with a 1.41 ERA and the 1927 Houston Buffaloes of the Texas League with a 2.52 ERA.

paragraph: He managed several minor league teams between 1934 and 1944, compiling a record of 437-636 (.407) and one pennant; he notably the Louisville Colonels of the American Association and the Bellingham Chinooks where he led them to the 1938 Western International League Pennant. He was a player/coach for the Sacramento Solons in 1941-1942. He was a scout for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1945 through 1957.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Ken Penner

wikipedia_title: Ken Penner


text:
Georgian
prince
politician
man of letters
Panaskerteli
Panaskerti
Tsitsishvili
Georgia
Kintsvisi Monastery
booklet
Galen
medicine
doctrines
John Chrysostom
Donald Rayfield
PubMed link

categories: Nobility of Georgia (country),15th-century writers,15th-century people from Georgia (country)

paragraph: Zaza Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili

paragraph: Zaza Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili () was a 15th-century Georgian prince, politician, and man of letters known for his compendia of medical arts "Karabadini" ("Book of Medical Treatment"). He is described as “the great healer and head of the wise” in a contemporary record.

paragraph: Zaza belonged to the old aristocratic family Panaskerteli, originally owners of the frontier region of Panaskerti. He then resettled into the Georgian heartland, founding the house of Tsitsishvili. Zaza was apparently involved in Georgia's politics and culture, but not much is known of his life. After an important role in the royal administration and in the army, Zaza retreated to a chapel he had built near Kintsvisi Monastery in which his mural depiction has survived.

paragraph: Zaza’s "Karabadini" (ultimately from the Greek "graphidion", “booklet”) is an original medical treatise dated to c. 1486. It builds upon anonymous Georgian compendia of Galenic medicine, notably the 11th-century "Ustsoro Karabadini" ("Peerless Handbook") and the 13th-century "Tsigni Saakimoy" ("Doctoring Book"). The work summarizes the state of medical knowledge in Georgia and neighboring cultures at that time. He also transcribed a Georgian translation of the doctrines of John Chrysostom.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Donald Rayfield, "", p. 97. Routledge, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shengeliia GM. [Z. Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili's "Medical Text--Karabadini"]. Klin Med (Mosk). 1981 Jun;59(6):110-2. [Article in Russian]

paragraph: (PubMed link)

description: politician

wikidata_label: Zaza Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili

wikipedia_title: Zaza Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili


text: Dalian

text: Manchuria

text: tobacco

text: sumi ink

text: calligraphy

text: United States

text: Jackson Pollock

text: abstract

text: turned 100

text: sumi ink

text: lithograph

text: woodcut

text: chisel

text: etching

text: acid

text: lithograph

text: sumi

text: Zōjō-ji

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

text: Metropolitan Museum

text: National Museum of Modern Art

text: British Museum

text: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

text: Singapore Art Museum

text: National Museum of Singapore

text: Kröller-Müller Museum

text: Brooklyn Museum

text: Albright–Knox Art Gallery

text: Cincinnati Art Museum

text: Yale University Art Gallery

text: Three perfections

text: Toko Shinoda Gallery 篠田桃紅美術空間

text: Toko Shinoda's Recent Works

categories: Sosaku hanga artists,Japanese centenarians,Japanese painters,1913 births,Living people

paragraph: Toko Shinoda

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Shinoda was born into a wealthy family in Dalian, Manchuria, where her father managed a tobacco factory. Two years later, her family returned to Japan. Influenced by her father's love of sumi ink painting, calligraphy and Chinese poetry, Shinoda practiced calligraphy from the age of six. In 1940, Shinoda had her first solo exhibition at Kyukyodo Gallery. She began working on abstract paintings in sumi by 1945.

paragraph: Shinoda traveled the United States from 1956 to 1958. She came into contact with the works of Jackson Pollock, which left a deep impression on her. She moved beyond traditional calligraphy towards an expressive, abstract style. During her time in the United States, she had a number of exhibitions, which helped to make her name. Her works were bought by a number of high-profile collectors. Shinoda also became involved in the abstract expressionist movement of the time.

paragraph: She returned to Japan and continues to work. She turned 100 in March 2013.

paragraph: She has remained unmarried and considers herself as married to her work.

paragraph: Section::::Style and technique.

paragraph: She considers herself as not belonging to a particular school or style, but works all by herself.

paragraph: The artist prefers her paintings and original drawings, because sumi ink presents unlimited color spectrum. Her paintings are primarily monochromatic, using sumi black, with some use of cinnabar, gold, silver, or platinum. In printmaking, Shinoda uses lithograph as her medium. Unlike woodcut that requires chisel, or etching that requires acid, lithograph allows Shinoda to work directly and spontaneously on the plate with her fluid brushstroke. Shinoda’s strokes are meant to suggest images and vitality of nature. She says, “Certain forms float up in my mind’s eye. Aromas, a blowing breeze, a rain-drenched gust of wind…the air in motion, my heart in motion. I try to capture these vague, evanescent images of the instant and put them into vivid form.” Shinoda's print editions are small, usually ranging from twelve to fifty-five, and after each edition has been pulled, she often adds a stroke or two of sumi color by hand to each print.

paragraph: For her, expression is love. She considers however that she has not yet been able to convey that expression. She has been quoted as not being satisfied in finding that perfect line in her work.

paragraph: She also created sliding doors with abstract blocks called "Hi-fu-mi-yo" in 1991 for the Zōjō-ji in Tokyo.

paragraph: Her piece "Evolution" in 1996 which is a three-dimensional work created out of wood, painted in sumi ink.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: Shinoda's works are collected by numerous private collectors and public galleries and museums, notably Museum of Modern Art in New York, NY, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, NY, Metropolitan Museum in New York, NY, National Museum of Modern Art in Tokyo, Japan, British Museum in London, UK, Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago, IL, Smithsonian Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, D.C., Singapore Art Museum in Singapore, National Museum of Singapore in Singapore, Kröller-Müller Museum in Otterlo, Netherlands, Brooklyn Museum in New York, NY, Albright–Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, NY, Cincinnati Art Museum in Cincinnati, OH, and Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, CT.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Three perfections - integration of calligraphy, poetry and painting

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takashina, Shuji. "Okada, Shinoda, and Tsukata: Three Pioneers of Abstract Painting in 20th Century Japan". Washington: Phillips Collection, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tolman, Mary and Tolman, Norman. "Toko Shinoda: A New Appreciation". Rutland, Vermont: Charles E Tuttle Company, 1993.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toko Shinoda Gallery 篠田桃紅美術空間

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toko Shinoda's Recent Works

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of exhibition on occasion of Shinoda's 100th birthday

alias:
Masuko Shinoda
Tōkō Shinoda

description: Japanese artist

wikidata_label: Toko Shinoda

wikipedia_title: Toko Shinoda


text: American

text: jazz

text: alto saxophonist

text: Seattle

text: Washington

text: improvised music

text: Seattle Metropolitan

text: North Carolina

text: Charlotte

text: Atlanta, Georgia

text: Colorado

text: Manitou Springs

text: Colorado Springs

text: blues

text: R&B

text: Music Improvisation Company

text: free improvisation

text: KRCC

text: Colorado College

text: Mahavishnu

text: Merzbow

text: free jazz

text: noise

text: contact microphone

text: Birmingham, Alabama

text: Trans Duo

text: Davey Williams

text: LaDonna Smith

text: Mary Horn

text: Improvised Music Festival

text: cellist

text: Sonic Youth

text: CDs

text: Thurston Moore

text: Paul Flaherty

text: Chris Corsano

text: Nels Cline

text: Wilco

text: Vancouver Jazz Festival

text: Vancouver, B.C.

text: Earshot Jazz Festival

text: Le Weekend

text: Birmingham Improvised Music Festival

text: Birmingham, Alabama

text: Open-Circuit Interact

text: Dennis Rea

text: Nine Muses Books

text: Seattle Improvised Music

text: KEXP

categories: Musicians from Charlotte, North Carolina,Date of birth missing (living people),Living people,Musicians from Colorado Springs, Colorado,Musicians from Seattle,1944 births,Free jazz saxophonists,21st-century saxophonists,People from Manitou Springs, Colorado,Jazz musicians from Colorado,American jazz saxophonists,American male saxophonists,21st-century male musicians,Jazz musicians from North Carolina

paragraph: Wally Shoup

paragraph: Wally Shoup (born 1944) is an American jazz alto saxophonist and painter. Based in Seattle, Washington since 1985, Shoup is a mainstay of that city's improvised music scene. "Seattle Metropolitan" named him one of the 50 most influential musicians in that city's history.

paragraph: Born in North Carolina, and raised in Charlotte, Initially working as a schoolteacher, Shoup moved Atlanta, Georgia in the late 1960s, then to Colorado in 1970. There, he first lived in Manitou Springs and later in Colorado Springs.

paragraph: By his own account, Shoup "grew up listening to black music in the South, the blues and jazz and R&B," was "introduced to free jazz in the late '60s… in Atlanta". Although his "voice is definitely influenced by African-American music" he "kind of felt like free jazz was the domain of black musicians." Hearing Britain's Music Improvisation Company, "he simultaneously discovered free improvisation and his calling as a musician."

paragraph: "It wasn't jazz-based," he would say in 2003." They were trying to find some new ways of improvising. I realized "that" was the kind of music I wanted to know about, and the only way I could know more about it was by playing it."

paragraph: While in Colorado, Shoup had a three-hour weekly show on KRCC, the Colorado College radio station, where by Jason Heller's account (2003) he played jazz and experimental music from his own extensive collection, and "began using the studio itself as an instrument, manipulating multiple turntables and mixing in guest musicians who would improvise over the records…" Describing a band he organized during this period, the Creative Music Ensemble (active circa 1973–74), Shoup later said, "I was still developing some chops on the sax, so I wasn't a player yet; I was just the instigator. I had them play a number of gigs, and it just outraged and pissed people off. … People didn't know what to make of it. It was kind of like Mahavishnu meets Merzbow or something."

paragraph: In 1975 he became an active organizer, deejay, and player of music merging free jazz, free improvisation and noise. After deciding he was ready to play the saxophone as a performer, he formed his first trio, in Colorado, with Ross Rabin and Keith Gardner, incorporating contact microphones on metal objects to create "noisescapes." He released his first album, "Scree-Run Waltz" in 1981.

paragraph: In 1983 he moved to Birmingham, Alabama where he performed with Trans Duo (Davey Williams and LaDonna Smith), wrote for the "Improvisor" magazine and worked with dancer Mary Horn, with whom he toured European in 1985, after which he moved to Seattle.

paragraph: Shortly after arriving in Seattle, Shoup became an early organizer of that city's Improvised Music Festival, which began that year, and which is now the United States' longest-running improvised music festival. Among the groups he performed with there were the New Art Orchestra and Catabatics. In 2010 he will participate in and help organize the 25th anniversary Seattle Improvised Music Festival.

paragraph: In 1994 he and cellist Brent Arnold formed Project W, who would eventually open for Sonic Youth in Seattle in 1998. Writing in 1999, Andrew Bartlett described this as "Shoup's most vaunted ensemble… whose debut CD of the same name on the Apraxia label has become the stuff of legend." Bartlett singled out their emphasis on relatively short pieces as unusual for free improvisors.

paragraph: Shoup has done two CDs with Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth "Hurricane Floyd" (Subliminal, 2000) and "Live at Tonic" (Leo Records, 2003) with Paul Flaherty and Chris Corsano. He has also made two recordings with Nels Cline of Wilco: "Immolation/Immersion" (CD, 2005) and "Suite: Bittersweet" (LP, 2007), both on Strange Attractors Audio House.

paragraph: Shoup formed the Wally Shoup Trio in 2001 with bassist Reuben Radding and drummer Bob Rees. Speaking of his work in 2003, Shoup said, "I'm not quite as abstract as I used to be. On my new stuff, I'll play motifs and melodies and occasionally even a tune … I see noise as just another element to play with, just another texture or color or detail." More recent projects include Spider Trio (with Jeffery Taylor and Dave Abramson) and the Wally Shoup Quartet (with Gust Burns, Bob Rees and Paul Kikuchi).

paragraph: Among the festivals where Shoup has performed are the Vancouver Jazz Festival (Vancouver, B.C.), Earshot Jazz Festival (Seattle), Le Weekend (Scotland), Birmingham Improvised Music Festival (Birmingham, Alabama), Seattle Improvised Music Festival and Open-Circuit Interact (Belgium). In 2007 he received a City of Seattle Arts grant in to work on improvised music, and in 2009 "Seattle Metropolitan Magazine" named him one of the 50 most influential musicians in that city's history.

paragraph: Section::::Partial discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Subduction Zone" (Nunatak, 2012) - trio with Dennis Rea and Tom Zgonc

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Levitation Shuffle" (Clean Feed Records, 2007) - quartet with Reuben Radding, Greg Campbell, and Gust Burns

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bounced Check" (Tyyfus Records, LP, 2007) - trio with Chris Corsano and Paul Flaherty

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Suite: Bittersweet" (Strange Attractors Audio House, LP, 2007) - trio with Nels Cline and Greg Campbell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blue Purge" (Leo Records, CD, 2004) - trio with Reuben Radding and Bob Rees

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Confluxus" (Leo Records, CD, 2004) - trio with Toshi Makihara and Brent Arnold

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at Tonic" (Leo Records, CD, 2003) - quartet with Thurston Moore, Paul Flaherty, and Chris Corsano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fusillades and Lamentations" (Leo Records, CD, 2003) - trio with Reuben Radding and Bob Rees

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stackpole" (First World, CD, 2001) - quartet led and recorded by Dennis Rea

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hurricane Floyd" (Sublingual, CD, 2000) - live recording with Thurston Moore and Toshi Makihara

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Project W" (Apraxia, CD, 1994) - trio with Brent Arnold and Ed Pias

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scree-Run Waltz" (Too Sound, LP, 1981) - duo with Ross Rabin

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music As Adventure: The Collected Writings of Wally Shoup" (2011), Nine Muses Books,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seattle Improvised Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- the Seattle Improvised Music Festival: A History, Seattle Improvised Music Festival, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An hour-long set of free improvisation by Shoup, recorded live on KEXP's Sonarchy Radio.

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Wally Shoup

wikipedia_title: Wally Shoup


text: war photography

text: silhouette

text: Windsor, Berkshire

text: the Great Park

text: Queen Victoria

text: Lord Kitchener

text: 3rd Dragoon Guards

text: Glamorganshire Yeomanry

text: Hussey Vivian, 3rd Baron Vivian

text: guinea

text: Princess Ena

text: Alfonso XIII

text: Daily Mirror

text: exclusive rights

text: Duke of Connaught

text: King George V

text: Delhi Durbar

text: Buckingham Palace Road

text: Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve

text: Gallipoli landings

text: Winston Churchill

text: war correspondent

text: Admiralty

text: War Office

text: second lieutenant

text: Western Front

text: Battle of the Somme

text: first day

text: Beaumont Hamel

text: Order of the Crown

text: Croix de Guerre

text: Prince of Wales

text: Mildred Harris Chaplin

text: George V

text: British Empire Medal

text: Edward VIII

text: silhouette

text: Imperial War Museum

text: National Library of Scotland

text: Earl Haig's

text: National Portrait Gallery

text: Prince Arthur of Connaught

text: Princess Alexandra

text: Prince John

text: Collection of Brooks' photographs

text: National Library of Scotland

text: Collection of Brooks' photographs

categories: British photographers,People stripped of a British Commonwealth honour,Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War I,1878 births,1957 deaths,British Army personnel of World War I,Place of death unknown,People from Windsor, Berkshire,War photographers,British Army General List officers

paragraph: Ernest Brooks (photographer)

paragraph: Ernest Brooks (23 February 1876 – 1957) was a British photographer, best known for his war photography from the First World War. He was the first official photographer to be appointed by the British military, and produced several thousand images between 1915 and 1918, more than a tenth of all British official photographs taken during the war. His work was often posed and formal, but several of his less conventional images are marked by a distinctive use of silhouette. Before and immediately after the war he worked as an official photographer to the Royal Family, but was dismissed from this appointment and stripped of his official honours in 1925.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Brooks was born on 23 February 1876 at Draycott Moor near Faringdon, the son of a farm labourer. He grew up near Windsor, Berkshire, where his father afterwards worked in the Great Park, and as a child frequently encountered members of the Royal Family.

paragraph: After leaving school in 1890, he worked as a boy on the estates, where one of his duties was to look after a mule given to Queen Victoria by Lord Kitchener. In 1892 he enlisted in the 3rd Dragoon Guards, and after leaving the army joined the Glamorganshire Yeomanry as a volunteer.

paragraph: His first encounter with photography came after he took a position in the household of Lady Vivian, widow of Hussey Vivian, 3rd Baron Vivian; Lady Vivian's twin daughters each had a camera, and Brooks was entrusted with developing the films. Paying by weekly shilling installments, he bought a camera himself which he used to take pictures of prominent people for publication; his first portrait was sold to several newspapers through an agency, earning him seven guineas.

paragraph: Realising that he could support himself on this income, Brooks left Lady Vivian's employment, and returned to Windsor. Here, he worked as a freelance newspaper photographer, using his contacts within the royal household to arrange access to his subjects. After a short period, he became an official photographer to the Royal Family. In 1906 he accompanied Princess Ena to Spain for her marriage to King Alfonso XIII, where he took the first formal portrait of the couple before their wedding.

paragraph: Brooks' photographs were published in numerous newspapers including the "Daily Mirror", and the "Manchester Guardian"; as his contract with the Royal Family prevented him from selling exclusive rights. Each photograph sold for around 10"s" 6"d".

paragraph: In late 1910, he accompanied the Duke of Connaught to South Africa, and the next year went with King George V to India for the Delhi Durbar, where he had the opportunity to photograph the King on a tiger hunt as well as in more formal contexts. After returning from India he left the royal household to open a studio on Buckingham Palace Road in central London, meanwhile continuing to describe himself as the Official Photographer to the King and Queen.

paragraph: After the outbreak of the First World War he served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, enlisting on 25 January 1915. When the Gallipoli landings were being prepared, Winston Churchill, who had himself been a war correspondent, arranged for there to be journalists and photographers accompanying the expeditionary force. Brooks, as a professional photographer already in uniform, was appointed as the Admiralty official photographer. In March 1916, he was transferred from the Admiralty to the War Office, given the honorary rank of second lieutenant and appointed the official photographer for the Western Front.

paragraph: He was the only professional photographer to cover the Battle of the Somme, recording the attack on the first day from the front-line trenches near Beaumont Hamel. In 1917 he was appointed a Chevalier of the Belgian Order of the Crown. In 1918, he covered the Italian campaign and naval activity. The same year, he was awarded the French Croix de Guerre.

paragraph: He later returned to royal service, accompanying the Prince of Wales on his tour of Canada and the United States in 1919, and Australia in 1920. The American leg of the tour posed problems with people trying to capitalise on the Prince's appearance for publicity purposes; one prominent actress, Mildred Harris Chaplin, passed herself off as the niece of a local dignitary in order to be photographed, whilst another offered Brooks a bribe of a thousand dollars to arrange a picture. Brooks admitted that he "nearly gave in", but backed out at the last minute for fear of offending the Prince. He was less successful in avoiding offence with another photograph, this time of the Prince in his bath during the voyage. After it was published, George V called it inappropriate and Brooks was reprimanded.

paragraph: For reasons that were not disclosed, in 1925 his appointment as a royal photographer was cancelled and his appointment as Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and his British Empire Medal (BEM) were "cancelled and annulled". His downfall was linked to another indiscreet photograph of the Prince of Wales, taken by Brooks and widely published, showing the Prince dressed in a woman's kimono and wig after appearing in a play.

paragraph: However, he continued to work as a photographer; in 1928, he was convicted of disorderly behaviour outside a ball in Grosvenor Square, after claiming that he was acquainted with the hostess and that had been invited there to take pictures. His photojournalism career lasted at least as late as 1936, when he is credited with taking two photographs of Jerome Brannigan being arrested, after Brannigan had reportedly attempted to assassinate King Edward VIII. Effectively work soon ceased and Brooks and his wife had lived variously in the London suburbs for many years. For the last dozen years of his life lived in Golders Manor Drive in Hendon.

paragraph: Section::::Style and legacy.

paragraph: Much of his wartime work, though technically proficient and consistent, was rather conventional, often involving posed photographs rather than more candid impromptu shots of his subjects. His work was noted as being characterised by a "conscious seeking after a publishable photograph", and it was recorded that he occasionally persuaded soldiers to pose for staged pictures of routine activity in the trenches. However, he was insistent that combat photographs were never faked – "we have strict instructions not to do – we have never done it". He had a fondness for a dramatic use of silhouette, with images composed to show soldiers walking along a ridge against the light. These images, where individual men were not easily recognisable, often were used to illustrate the "anonymous heroes" of the war.

paragraph: Brooks was the first and the longest-serving of the British war photographers, and took more than 4,400 images. This was the most of any individual photographer, and represented more than 10% of all the official photographs. A large collection of his photographs is now held by the Imperial War Museum, and a second collection is held by the National Library of Scotland as part of Earl Haig's papers; both have been digitised.

paragraph: Several formal images from his pre-war service with the Royal Family are held by the National Portrait Gallery, including several from the Delhi Durbar as well as a portrait of Prince Arthur of Connaught and Princess Alexandra, taken at their wedding.

paragraph: Two portraits of the young Prince John, both in 1913.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collection of Brooks' photographs from National Library of Scotland (366 items)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collection of Brooks' photographs in the Imperial War Museum

description: British photographer

wikidata_label: Ernest Brooks

wikipedia_title: Ernest Brooks (photographer)


text:
bishop of Autun
Pope Felix I
Aedui
Gallia Lugdunensis
Morvan
Usuard
Aurelian
Sens
Reticius
Synod of Rome
Arles
the town named after him
Nevers
Edict of Milan
Charles the Fat
Benedictines
Saint Martin d'Autun
Abbey of Cluny
Villy-le-Moutier
Nuits-Saint-Georges
Beaune

categories: 3rd-century Gallo-Roman people,273 deaths,Gallo-Roman saints,Bishops of Autun

paragraph: Reverianus

paragraph: Saint Reverianus of Autun (, also "Revenerius, Rivianus, Reverentianus", "Reveriano, Reverie") (died June 1, 273 AD) was a 3rd-century bishop of Autun.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: According to tradition, Reverianus was of Italian origin, he was sent by Pope Felix I to evangelize the Aedui, a Gallic people of Gallia Lugdunensis and is considered the "apostle of the Morvan.”

paragraph: According to Usuard, he was persecuted during the reign of the Emperor Aurelian. According to tradition, Reverianus' preaching and conversions came to the attention of Emperor Aurelian, who was visiting the province of Sens at the time.

paragraph: Also executed with Reverianus were his companion, named St. Paul or Paulus of Autun, along with 10 other followers.

paragraph: According to one source, “the name [Reverianus] is not mentioned by earlier writers, and the first bishop of Autun seems to have been Reticius, who was present at the Synod of Rome A.D. 313, and at Arles in the following year." Reverianus may have been revered as a bishop because he was the leader of this group of preachers. He may not have been executed at Autun itself but at the site of the town named after him. According to a tradition at Nevers, Reverianus was executed outside of the city walls of that city.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: In the 4th century, with freedom of worship granted to Christians by the Edict of Milan (313 AD), a monastic cell was built over the graves of these martyrs.

paragraph: This monastic cell became in 866 the oratory of St. Révérien, which was granted by Charles the Fat to the chapter of Nevers. It had been previously under the jurisdiction of the Benedictines of the Abbey of Saint Martin d'Autun. In 1076, this monastery became affiliated with Abbey of Cluny. In the 13th century, the present church of St. Révérien was built according to the Cluniac style.

paragraph: Another tradition celebrated by the Abbey of Notre-Dame de Nevers held that Reverianus died with his companions near this site, near the spring that still bears his name.

paragraph: Of his relics, only a piece of Reverianus' head have been preserved. The relic was kept at Villy-le-Moutier (in the Canton of Nuits-Saint-Georges), a village to the east of the city of Beaune. Until 1836, Reverianus' head was carried in procession to the church of Saint-Nicolas de Beaune during times of great drought. Crowds from the city and the surrounding areas would pray for rain.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacques Baudoin: "Grand livre des Saints, culte et iconographie" Ed Créer. 2006. 519.p. fiche n°484, p. 419.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abbé François Adolphe Chauve-Bertrand: "L'église romane de Saint Révérien " in "Bulletin de la Société scientifique et artistique de Clamecy 74e année 3e sem n°26. 1950"; p. 88–110 – idem 85e année 3e sem n°36. 1961: " Sanctus Reverianus". – et n°3 . série 37 de 1962. p. 68–83.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Les moines de Ramsgate: "Livre des Saints". Ed A&C Black Publishers 2002 Anglais.655. p. 7e Edition.()

wikidata_label: Reverianus

wikipedia_title: Reverianus


text:
Italian
Roman Catholic
Benedictines
Vicenza
convent
Poor Clares
Trent
Latin
First Communion
nun
Benedictine
Bassano
stigmata
Pope Innocent XII
Servant of God
Rome
Pope Clement XIII
heroic virtue
Venerable
Pope Pius VI
Hagiography Circle
Saints SQPN

categories: Italian beatified people,1606 births,Benedictines,1670 deaths,17th-century Christian mystics,Italian nuns,Roman Catholic mystics,17th-century venerated Christians

paragraph: Giovanna Maria Bonomo

paragraph: Blessed Giovanna Maria Bonomo (15 August 1606 – 1 March 1670) was an Italian Roman Catholic nun who was a professed member of the Benedictines. She was ridiculed for her dedication and her experiences as some believed them to be heretical or a need for attention.

paragraph: She was beatified in 1783 after the recognition of two miracles that were found to have been attributed to her intercession.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Giovanna Maria Bonomo was born on 15 August 1606 in Vicenza to Giovanni Bonomo. Her mother died when she was six in 1612.

paragraph: Her father took her to a convent in 1615 where she was educated. The Poor Clares in Trent educated her and she studied Latin. She received her First Communion at the age of nine. At the age of twelve she informed her father of her intention to become a nun and to remain in Trent. He at first was opposed but he relented after a short time.

paragraph: She entered a Benedictine convent on 21 June 1621. She became a Benedictine nun in Bassano on 8 September 1622 and fell into an ecstatic state for the first time at her profession celebration. She was also believed to have obtained the stigmata.

paragraph: She served as a novice mistress and later as a prioress. She also served as an abbess three times. She taught that holiness did not consist in great things but rather in simple and common things.

paragraph: She died on 1 March 1670 with a formidable reputation for holiness.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: The beatification process started in Vicenza on 1 September 1699 under Pope Innocent XII which conferred upon her the title of Servant of God. The local process closed in mid 1704 and was validated before it was evaluated in Rome.

paragraph: Pope Clement XIII recognized her life of heroic virtue and proclaimed her to be Venerable on 21 December 1758. Pope Pius VI approved two miracles attributed to her intercession in mid 1780 and beatified her on 9 June 1783.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hagiography Circle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saints SQPN

description: Italian Roman Catholic nun

wikidata_label: Johanna Maria Bonomo

wikipedia_title: Giovanna Maria Bonomo


text: Oslo, Norway

text: Jon Eberson

text: Jon Balke Quartet

text: Erik Balke

text: Moldejazz

text: Vossajazz

text: Espen Rud

text: Anne-Marie Giørtz Quintet

text: Oslo 13

text: Ole Jacob Hansen

text: Kåre Garnes

text: Tom Olstad

text: Søyr

text: Jens Wendelboe Big Band

text: Knut Kristiansen

text: Odd Børretzen

text: Lars Martin Myhre

text: Eivind Aarset

text: Lars Martin Myhre

text: Kjell Karlsen Big Band

text: Søyr

text: Ab und Zu

text: Bugge Wesseltoft

text: Bjørnar Andresen

text: Thomas Strønen

text: Tine Asmundsen Lonely Woman

text: Jacob Young

text: Erik Wesseltoft

text: Sonny Simmons

text: Tine Asmundsen

text: Richard Davis

text: Robert Shy

text: The Core & More

text: Sonny Simmons

text: The Norwegian Radio Orchestra

text: Curling Legs

text: Jazzaway Records

text: Jens Wendelboe Big Band

text: Odin Records

text: Anne-Marie Giørtz Band

text: The Per Husby Orchestra

text: Egil Monn-Iversens Storband

text: Sylfest Strutle

text: Sidsel Endresen

text: Tine Asmundsen Lonely Woman

text: Jacob Young

text: ECM Records

text: Erik Wesseltoft Quintet

text: Tine Asmundsen

text: Richard Davis

text: The Core & More

text: Sonny Simmons

text: The Norwegian Radio Orchestra

text: John Surman

text: Bergen Big Band

text: Grappa Music

categories: Curling Legs artists,Musicians from Oslo,Jacob Young Group members,Søyr members,Living people,Norwegian jazz composers,21st-century saxophonists,Male jazz composers,Jazzaway Records artists,Norwegian jazz saxophonists,ECM Records artists,1953 births,21st-century male musicians

paragraph: Vidar Johansen (musician)

paragraph: Vidar Johansen (born 2 June 1953 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (tenor, soprano, baritone and alto saxophones, flute, bass clarinet), music arranger and composer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Johansen is considered one of the most talented saxophonists emerging out of the Norwegian jazz scene in the 1970s. He started out early 1970 in a quartet with Jon Eberson, and collaborated with the Balke brothers. He also collaborated within Jon Balke Quartet (1973–74), "The amateur big band" in Kongsberg (1974,) in the jazz-rock band "Adonis" (1974–75) and was recognized in his quartet led together with Erik Balke (1974–77), engaged at the Moldejazz (1975) and Vossajazz (1976).

paragraph: He was also a member of the University Big Band in Oslo (1977), inter alia, "Hipshot Percussion" 1976–1978, "Shrub Smoul" 1977–78, jazz rock group "Lotus" from 1977 to 1983 with an album (1979), Espen Rud's "Kråbøl" 1978, a quartet with bassist Åsmund Snortheim (1978–79), Åge Røthe Quartet 1979–80), "Lille Frøen Saksofonkvartett" (1979–89) joining in several festival gigs and the album "4 men" (1986), Per Høglend Sextet (1980–81), Anne-Marie Giørtz Quintet (1982–87) with albums released in 1983 and 1985. In 1984 he joined the band "Out to Lunch", and they released the albums "Out To Lunch" (1988) and "Kullboksrytter" (1994), Oslo 13 1986–1992, Ole Jacob Hansen / Harald Gundhus big band from 1988 trio with Kåre Garnes and Tom Olstad (1990), Søyr from 1991 with the album release "Buses homesick" 1993 and "The meat and love" (1995), "Grand Slam" and "Quartet Decisive" from 1992, besides that he has been frequently substitute in Radio big band 1978– 90 (pl.innsp. 1987), participated in the Per Husby Dedication Orchestra from 1984 to 1988 (pl.innsp. 1985, 87) and recorded discs with ia The Gambian / Norwegian Friendship Orchestra 1982 Jens Wendelboe Big Band in 1983, Lars Martin Myhre / Slagen Big Band (1983–85), "Jazz on Norwegian" 1990 Jens Wendelboe Big Crazy Energy Band from 1991 to 1992, Knut Kristiansen "Monk Moods" (1995), Odd Børretzen / Lars Martin Myhre (1995), Eivind Aarset (1997), "Element" (1998) and Lars Martin Myhre (1998–99), Kjell Karlsen Big Band (2001), Ron Olsen (2002) and Paul Weeden (2003).

paragraph: A versatile, skilled and quality creative musician; In recent years he has, among other things contributed as energetic soloist on bass clarinet on plates with Søyr, Ab und Zu and Bugge Wesseltoft (1995–1996). As composer known for his subtle titles, compositional documentation as on the album "Nordjazz Big 5" recorded by Danish Radio Big Band in 1987 and "Sony Simmons plays the music of Vidar Johansen – The traveler" (2004–05).

paragraph: Finally he released an album "Lopsided" (1997) under his own name, Vidar Johansen Trio record live at Oslo Jazzhus in 1995. Along with Bjørnar Andresen and Thomas Strønen he formed the band "Bayashi" who released the album "Help Is on Its Way" (2001) and "Rock" (2004). Later he participated in the Tine Asmundsen Lonely Woman albums "Alive" (2003), "Demons' Diversions" (2005), "Radegund" (2008) and "Lovely Luna" (2012), the album "Bjørn Johansen in Memoriam" (2003), Jacob Young's "Evening falls" (2004) and "Sideways" (2006), Erik Wesseltoft "Con Amor" (2004), "Life Is A Beautiful Monster" with Crimetime Orchestra (2004), Sonny Simmons "The traveler" (2004) and the album "Madison" where he collaborates with Tine Asmundsen, Richard Davis and Robert Shy (2007).

paragraph: In recent years (2015) he has been living on a mountain farm in Lom, which does not prevent him from the participations on the Norwegian jazz scenes. In 2009 he released three albums, his own "Lost Animals", The Core & More "Vol 1" and "Atomic Symphony" by Crime Time Orchestra, Sonny Simmons and The Norwegian Radio Orchestra.

paragraph: Section::::Discography (in selectio).

paragraph: Section::::Discography (in selectio).:Solo albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Vidar Johansen Trio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Lopsided" (Curling Legs), Live at Oslo Jazzhus

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Vidar Johansen Quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Lost Animals" (Jazzaway Records)

paragraph: Section::::Discography (in selectio).:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Jens Wendelboe Big Band

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: "'Lone Attic" (NOPA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With The Gambian / Norwegian Friendship Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: "Friendship" (Odin Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Anne-Marie Giørtz Band

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Tigers of Pain" (Odin Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With The Per Husby Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Dedications" (Affinity Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987: "Your Eyes" (NOPA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Egil Monn-Iversens Storband fest. Sylfest Strutle

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985: "Live at Gildevangen" (Camp Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With "Lille Frøen Saksofonkvartett»

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: "4 menn" (Odin Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With "Out To Lunch»

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: "Out To Lunch" (Odin Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Kullboksrytter" (Curling Legs), with The Norwegian String Quartet and Sidsel Endresen

paragraph: BULLET::::- With "Element»

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Element" (Turn Left Prod)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "Shaman" (Blå Productions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With "Bayashi»

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Help Is on Its Way" (Ayler Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Rock" (Jazzaway Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Tine Asmundsen Lonely Woman

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Alive" (Hazel Jazz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Demons' Diversions" (Hazel Jazz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Radegund" (Hazel Jazz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Lovely Luna" (Hazel Jazz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Jacob Young

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Evening falls" (ECM Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Sideways" (ECM Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Erik Wesseltoft Quintet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Con Amor" (Normann Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Tine Asmundsen, Richard Davis, Robert Shy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Madison" (Hazel Jazz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With The Core & More

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Vol 1 – The Art of No Return" (Moserobie Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With The Crime Time Orchestra, Sonny Simmons and The Norwegian Radio Orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Atomic Symphony" (Jazzaway Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With John Surman and Bergen Big Band

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Another Sky" (Grappa Music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Compilations

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Bjørn Johansen in Memoriam" (Hot Club Records), with various artists

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Jazz From Norway 2010 JazzCD.No 4th Set" (Norsk Jazz Forum), with various artists

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vidar Johansen Biography – Norsk jazzarkiv MIC.no

description: Norwegian jazz musician

wikidata_label: Vidar Johansen

wikipedia_title: Vidar Johansen (musician)


text:
Australian rules football
Richmond
Victorian Football League

categories: 1930 deaths,Richmond Football Club players,1883 births,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

paragraph: Paddy Bourke (footballer)

paragraph: Patrick "Paddy" Bourke (26 March 1883 – 26 February 1930) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Paddy Bourke

wikipedia_title: Paddy Bourke (footballer)


text: Catholic

text: Zadar

text: Venetian Dalmatia

text: Croatia

text: catechetical texts

text: Tridentine

text: Zadar

text: Franciscan

text: Glagolitic

text: Cyrillic

text: Padua

text: canon

text: Council of Trent

text: notary

text: chancellor

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar

text: dodecasyllable

text: Pelegrinović

text: satire

text: Saint Lucia

text: Pag

text: Rome

text: Holy See

text: counter-reformation

text: Pope Gregory XIII

text: Peter Canisius

text: Croatian language

text: Chakavian dialect

text: Cyrillic script

text: orthographic

text: Latin script

text: diacritics

text: Czech orthography

text: Jan Hus

text: Counter-Reformation

text: Protestant Reformation

text: Jesuit

text: Peter Canisius

text: Shtokavian

text: Church Slavonic

text: Czech

text: Polish

text: Eastern Orthodox Church

text: dodecasyllable

text: Pelegrinović

text: satire

text: Latin language

text: Glagolitic script

text: Peter Canisius

text: List of Glagolitic books

paragraph: Šime Budinić

paragraph: Petar Šimun "Šime" Budinić Zadranin () (1535 – 13 December 1600) was a 16th-century Catholic priest and writer from Zadar, Venetian Dalmatia (today Croatia). He was a translator of psalms and catechetical texts, promoter of post-Tridentine Catholicism, and a poet.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Budinić was born in Zadar in the period between 1530 and 1535 in a family that originated from the Zadar hinterland. His father was a goldsmith whose name was Mihovil and his mother Klara was from the De Sanctis family. He was most likely educated by the Franciscans from Zadar, and knew both the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts well. It is assumed that he completed elementary and humanist education in Zadar, and higher education in Padua.

paragraph: Budinić became a Catholic priest in Zadar and advanced to the position of canon in 1560. Scholars disagree whether or not Budinić attended the Council of Trent. For many years Budinić was a notary in Zadar and chancellor in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar. As chancellor he wrote official documents using the Glagolitic script. While Budinić was a notary he had a lot of spare time which he used to read love songs. He is first mentioned in documents in 1556. Between 1559 and 1561 he wrote verses of love songs in dodecasyllable, seven of them still preserved, some of them in honor of Pelegrinović's "Jeđupka". At that time he also authored one short Latin language satire which subject were cheated husbands.

paragraph: Budinić was a light-headed young priest who was even temporary expelled from Catholicism because of his misconduct, after he was reported for beating one of his fellow priests who swore his parents. Thanks to the influence of his family, this excommunication was abolished without endangering the advance in his career. In 1570 Budinić was appointed as chaplain of the Chapel of Saint Lucia on the island Pag and in 1577 he became chief vicar of the Archdiocese of Zadar.

paragraph: Section::::Chakavian period.

paragraph: In June 1581, Budinić travelled to Rome at the invitation of the Holy See to promote counter-reformation policy. According to one 1626 letter, Pope Gregory XIII invited Budinić to Rome to translate Catichesis of Peter Canisius to Illyrian language using Illyrian characters. Pope Gregory XIII ordered Budinić to prepare Roman Catholic Catechism using Illyrian language and characters. It is unclear if Pope ordered any particular script. Although it is confirmed by many contemporary documents that Pope indeed ordered Budinić to prepare Roman Catholic Catechism using Illyrian language and characters it remain unclear if Pope ordered any particular script. When Budinić arrived to Rome he became a confessor in Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome where he worked on improvement of the Glagolitic missals and breviaries.

paragraph: During his stay in Rome Budinić wrote his first two books on the pure Croatian language of the Chakavian dialect. According to one 1581 Vatican document, Budinić was preparing a translation in the Serbian language (), which at that time in the Vatican and Dubrovnik was a term used for Cyrillic script, the preferred language for Vatican documents to be published regarding Slavic language.

paragraph: Section::::Shtokavian period and orthographic reform.

paragraph: Budinić's intention was, from reasons of propaganda, to employ language and orthography that could penetrate and be understood in all of what was then the southern reaches of the Slavic people. Budinić attempted a daring orthographic reform and authored a version of the Latin script based on the Cyrillic and Glagolitic scripts, using diacritics (namely č and ž) from the Czech orthography of Jan Hus in his 1582 work. Some authors believed that Budinić, being promoter of Counter-Reformation, would never use orthography of Jan Hus who was a key predecessor to the Protestant Reformation.

paragraph: Under the influence of Jesuit priest Peter Canisius, Budinić abandoned the language he had been using in his 1582 work, and instead used a mixture of the Shtokavian Serbo-Croatian, Church Slavonic, Czech, and Polish languages. Budinić referred to the language of his work as Slavonic. Budinić then published translations of Canisius' work in 1583 ("Summa nauk Kristjanski") in two versions, Cyrillic and Latin, and created a complex script based on Ijekavian Shtokavian pronunciation. The Latin script edition was published for clergy while Cyrillic script edition was published for population. Budinić published Cyrillic script edition with intention to sprad this kind of book among South Slavs who were adherents of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Budinić died in Zadar on 13 December 1600, around the age of 65. The elementary school in Zadar bears Budinić's name. A square in Zadar was named "Šime Budinić´s Square" ().

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Bibliography of Budinić's works include:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. His own works:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Love songs written in dodecasyllable, seven of them still preserved, including verses in honor of Pelegrinović's "Jeđupka", Zadar, 1559-1561

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Short satire which subject were cheated husbands, Latin language, Zadar, 1559-1561

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Translations:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Katekizam rimski (The Roman Catechism). Authored in Zadar before 1580, published in Rome, between 1582-1585 on Glagolitic script.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Translation of David's pentitential and many other psalms ("Pochorni i mnozii inii pslami Davidovi sloxeni v slovignschi iazich na cisto i miru po Scymunu Budineu popu Zadraninu"), Rome 1582, Printing House of Fr. Zanetti, second edition published in Rijeka 1861 - It is possible that this translation was authored by someone who referred to himself as Simeone (Dalmata) who might be different person from Šime Budinić.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Translation of "Directions for priests confessors and for penitents" () ("Ispravnik za erei ispovidnici i za pokornici"), Rome, 1582, 1635., Venice 1709.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Translation of the "Summary of the Christian doctrine" ("Svmma navka christianskoga, sloxena častnim včitegliem Petrom Kanisiem, tvmačena iz latinskog iazika u slovignsky i vtisstena po zapoviedi presuetoga Otca Pape Gregoria trinadestoga"). Rome 1583, author Peter Canisius. Published in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Glagolitic books

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Budinić at Hrvatski Biografski Leksikon website

wikidata_label: Šime Budinić

wikipedia_title: Šime Budinić