text: City of London Freemen's School

text: Selwyn College, Cambridge

text: Harvard Law School

text: Middle Temple

text: bencher

text: QC

text: High Court

text: High Court of Justice

text: Geoffrey Robertson

text: Camilla Palmer

text: Ferdinand v MGN Ltd

text: R v Incedal

text: Death of Keith Blakelock

text: Murder of Tia Sharp

wikipedia_title:
High Court judge (England and Wales)
City of London Freemen's School
Selwyn College, Cambridge
Harvard Law School
Middle Temple
Bencher
Queen's Counsel
High Court
High Court of Justice
Geoffrey Robertson
Camilla Palmer
Ferdinand v MGN Ltd
R v Incedal
Death of Keith Blakelock
Murder of Tia Sharp

categories: Queen's Bench Division judges,Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge,Harvard Law School alumni,English Queen's Counsel,1951 births,Knights Bachelor,Members of the Middle Temple,People educated at City of London Freemen's School,Living people

paragraph: Andrew Nicol (judge)

paragraph: Sir Andrew George Lindsay Nicol (born 9 May 1951), styled The Hon. Mr Justice Nicol, is a judge of the High Court of England and Wales.

paragraph: He was educated at City of London Freemen's School, Selwyn College, Cambridge, and Harvard Law School (LLM).

paragraph: He was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1978 and became a bencher there in 2004. He was made a QC in 1995, deputy judge of the High Court from 2003 to 2009, and judge of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division) since 2009.

paragraph: He co-wrote "Media Law" with Geoffrey Robertson.

paragraph: Section::::Controversial cases.

paragraph: Section::::Controversial cases.:Mr David Sellu.

paragraph: Justice Nicol was the judge in the trial of consultant surgeon David Sellu in November 2013. Sellu was found guilty of gross negligence manslaughter following the death of a patient under his care. He served 15 months imprisonment of a 30 month sentence. After release Sellu's appeal against the conviction was successful in 2016. The grounds for success were that Justice Nicol had failed to instruct the jury properly with regard to the meaning of the charge. The jury had returned to court before reaching their verdict seeking further guidance, which was not forthcoming from Justice Nicol.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He is married to Camilla Palmer QC, and has two sons.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ferdinand v MGN Ltd"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "R v Incedal"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Death of Keith Blakelock

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murder of Tia Sharp

description: British judge

wikidata_label: Andrew Nicol

wikipedia_title: Andrew Nicol (judge)


text: Cranleigh School

text: Magdalene College, Cambridge

text: Middle Temple

text: QC

text: Matrix Chambers

text: High Court

text: High Court of Justice

text: National Portrait Gallery

text: Upper Tribunal

wikipedia_title:
High Court judge (England and Wales)
Cranleigh School
Magdalene College, Cambridge
Middle Temple
Queen's Counsel
Matrix Chambers
High Court
High Court of Justice
National Portrait Gallery, London
Upper Tribunal

categories: Queen's Bench Division judges,1949 births,People educated at Cranleigh School,Knights Bachelor,Queen's Counsel 1901–2000,Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge,Members of the Middle Temple,Living people

paragraph: Nicholas Blake (judge)

paragraph: Sir Nicholas John Gorrod Blake (born 21 June 1949), styled The Hon. Mr Blake, is a retired judge of the High Court of England and Wales.

paragraph: He was educated at Cranleigh School and Magdalene College, Cambridge.

paragraph: He was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1974 and became a bencher there in 2002. He was made a QC in 1994, specialising in immigration, asylum and free movement and human rights law. He was a founding member of Matrix Chambers and first chair of its management committee. He was appointed as a special advocate and as a Deputy High Court judge in 2002, and judge of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division) since 2007. From 2004 to 2013 he was a Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery.

paragraph: From 2010 to 2013 he was President of the newly established Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber). He served as a British representative of the International Association of Judges.

paragraph: Blake retired from the bench on 3 October 2017.

description: British judge

wikidata_label: Nicholas Blake

wikipedia_title: Nicholas Blake (judge)


text:
Mongolian
Khoshut
Oirats
Tenzin Dalai Khan
Güshi Khan
Khoshut Khanate
Oirat
King
Tibet
Dalai Lama
Tsangyang Gyatso
Dzungar people
Chinese
Qing Dynasty
Dharma king
Galdan Boshugtu Khan
Dzungar Khanate
Kangxi Emperor
Vangjal (Tenzin Wangchuk Khan)
Lhasa
Monlam Prayer Festival
Lhasa
Drepung Monastery
Qinghai
Nagchu River
Central Tibet
Kham
Panchen Lama
Gonggar Dzong
Tsang
Tibetan Buddhism
Beijing
Avalokiteshvara
Potala Palace
Ngawang Yeshe Gyatso
Lithang
Güshi Khan
Kumbum
Manchu
Jesuit
Bhutan
Catholic
Ippolito Desideri
sutra
tantra
Sera Monastery
Dam
Gelugpa
Dzungar Khanate
Mongolia
Tsewang Rabtan
Qing Empire
Yarkand
Dam
Nyingma
Petech, Luciano
Shakabpa, Tsepon W.D.
Shakabpa, Tsepon W.D.

wikipedia_title:
Mongolian language
Khoshut
Oirats
Tenzin Dalai Khan
Güshi Khan
Khoshut Khanate
Oirats
List of rulers of Tibet
Tibet
Dalai Lama
6th Dalai Lama
Dzungar people
Chinese people
Qing dynasty
Chogyal
Galdan Boshugtu Khan
Dzungar Khanate
Kangxi Emperor
Tenzin Wangchuk Khan
Lhasa
Monlam Prayer Festival
Lhasa
Drepung Monastery
Qinghai
Salween River
Ü-Tsang
Kham
Panchen Lama
Gonggar Dzong
Ü-Tsang
Tibetan Buddhism
Beijing
Avalokiteśvara
Potala Palace
Yeshe Gyatso
Litang County
Güshi Khan
Kumbum
Manchu people
Society of Jesus
Bhutan
Catholic Church
Ippolito Desideri
Sutra
Tantra
Sera Monastery
Damxung County
Gelug
Dzungar Khanate
Mongolia
Tsewang Rabtan
Qing dynasty
Yarkant County
Damxung County
Nyingma
Luciano Petech
Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa

categories: Oirats,18th-century Mongol rulers,1717 deaths,People from Tibet,17th-century Mongol rulers,Khoshut Khanate,Kalmyk people

paragraph: Lha-bzang Khan

paragraph: Lha-bzang Khan (; Mongolian: "Lazang Haan"; alternatively, Lhazang or Lapsangn or Lajang; d.1717) was the ruler of the Khoshut (also spelled Qoshot, Qośot, or Qosot) tribe of the Oirats. He was the son of Tenzin Dalai Khan (1668–1701) and grandson (or great-grandson) of Güshi Khan, being the last khan of the Khoshut Khanate and Oirat King of Tibet. He acquired effective power as ruler of Tibet by eliminating the regent ("desi") Sangye Gyatso and the Sixth Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, but his rule was cut short by an invasion by another group of Oirats, the Dzungar people. At length, this led to the direct involvement of the Chinese Qing Dynasty in the Tibetan politics.

paragraph: Section::::Rise to power.

paragraph: Since the Khoshut invasion of Central Tibet in 1641-42, Tibet had been governed through a tripartite division of power. While the Dalai Lama was the supreme spiritual ruler, the Khoshut khan controlled the armed forces and carried the title of "Dharma king, Protector of the Faith". Executive power was delegated to a regent or "desi" who was originally a formal appointee of the Khoshut king. After 1655 the Khoshut kings were, however, rather weak figures who enabled the Fifth Dalai Lama to wield great personal influence. His death in 1682 was kept secret until 1697, and the "desi" Sangye Gyatso, rumoured to be a son of the Dalai Lama, governed Tibet. He entertained close contacts with Galdan Boshugtu Khan, the ruler of the emerging Dzungar Khanate of Inner Asia, with the aim of countering the role of the Khoshuts in Tibetan affairs. It was only in 1697 that the Sixth Dalai Lama was installed, to the great irritation of the Qing Kangxi Emperor who had been kept in the dark about the matter, and furthermore was an enemy of the Dzungar rulers. It was in this situation that Lha-bzang Khan came to power. According to the usual version of the events, Lha-bzang succeeded as Dharma king by poisoning his brother Vangjal (Tenzin Wangchuk Khan), who ruled in 1696-1697 or, more probably, in 1701-1703. According to an alternative study, he was peacefully enthroned on the recommendations of the Sixth Dalai Lama, since his brother was sickly. Before his enthronement he had lived his life in the nomadic area at the Kokonor Lake, and never visited Lhasa until 1701.

paragraph: Section::::The murder of the regent.

paragraph: The Sixth Dalai Lama turned out to be a talented but boisterous young man who preferred poetry-writing and the company of young women to monastic life. In 1702 he renounced his monastic vows and returned to lay status but retained his temporal authority. In the next year Sangye Gyatso formally turned over the regent title to his son Ngawang Rinchen, but in fact kept the executive powers. Now, a rift emerged within the Tibetan elite. Lha-bzang was a man of character and energy who was not content with the effaced state in which the Khoshut royal power had sunk since the death of Güshi Khan. He set about to change this, probably after an attempt by Sangye Gyatso to poison the king and his chief minister. Matters came to their head during the Monlam Prayer Festival in Lhasa in 1705, which followed the Tibetan New Year (Losar). During a grand meeting with the clergy, Sangye Gyatso proposed to seize and execute Lha-bzang Khan. This was opposed by the cleric Jamyang Zhepa from the Drepung Monastery, the personal guru of Lha-bzang. Rather, the Dharma king was strongly recommended to leave for Kokonor (Qinghai), the usual abode of the Khoshut elite. He pretended to comply and started his journey to the north. However, when he reached the banks of the Nagchu River (north-east of Central Tibet), he halted and began to gather the Khoshut tribesmen. In the summer of 1705 he marched on Lhasa and divided his troops in three columns, one under his wife Tsering Tashi. When Sangye Gyatso heard about this he gathered the troops of Central Tibet, Ngari and Kham close to Lhasa. He offered battle but was badly defeated with the loss of 400 men. The Panchen Lama Lobsang Yeshe tried to mediate. Realizing that his situation was hopeless, Sangye Gyatso gave up resistance on condition that he was spared and was sent to Gonggar Dzong west of Lhasa. However, the vengeful queen Tsering Tashi arrested the ex-"desi" and brought him to the Tölung Valley where he was killed, probably on 6 September 1705.

paragraph: Section::::Qing influences and the question of the Dalai Lama.

paragraph: With this feat Lha-bzang was acknowledged as king, "gyalpo tripa". He also carried the courtesy title of Jingis Khan, and is usually known by that name among European visitors. His position was not entirely secure, and he resorted to some acts of violence; thus he killed the head of the Sera Ma College and flogged or imprisoned several persons in the Tsang region. Meanwhile, the Kangxi Emperor was eager to gain a degree of influence in Tibet, for the reason that the hostile Dzungar khans adhered to Tibetan Buddhism. If the Dzungar elite secured the support of the Dalai Lama it would affect the loyalty of the Mongols under Qing suzerainty. Lha-bzang Khan on his side looked for support with the Qing court and sent a report about the civil war of 1705 to the emperor, who approved his actions. As a reward for ridding him of his old enemy the "desi", Kangxi appointed Lha-bzang Regent of Tibet () . The emperor considered the Sixth Dalai Lama to be spurious and asked Lha-bzang to send him to Beijing. The king realized the possible reaction among the Tibetan population which still largely adhered to the libertine hierarch, but finally resolved to comply with the request. Accounts differ as to whether the king was sincerely offended by the Sixth's scandalous behavior, or he merely used it as an excuse. He summoned a clerical meeting and asked the lamas to disavow the Dalai Lama as an incarnation of Avalokiteshvara. The lamas, however, refused to agree and stated that Tsangyang Gyatso was the true Dalai Lama in spite of his shocking behaviour. They did, however issue a declaration that the spiritual enlightenment no longer dwelt in the young man.

paragraph: Section::::The dethronement of the Dalai Lama.

paragraph: Lha-bzang Khan now took action and brought out the Dalai Lama from the Potala Palace on 11 June 1706. Sixteen days later, he was declared deposed and was told of the emperor's order by the Chinese envoy. As he departed for Beijing, an angry crowd attacked the escort, freed the Dalai Lama and brought him to the Summer Palace at Drepung. The palace was soon surrounded by Khoshut troops and Dalai Lama let himself be taken to avoid a general massacre. Drepung was nevertheless stormed and sacked. The Dalai Lama was again sent towards the imperial court but died by the Kunga Nor Lake in Qinghai on 4 November. Rumours had it that he was murdered, but official accounts state that he died from illness. The king then found a monk from Kham, Ngawang Yeshe Gyatso, born in 1686, who was proclaimed the true reincarnation of the Fifth Dalai Lama (being a Seventh, according to Stein, or a new/real Sixth, according to Smith and Mullin). This person was in fact believed to be the son of Lha-bzang Khan himself. He was however enthroned without consulting with the religious authorities. Tibetans as well as Lha-bzang's Khoshut rivals strongly rejected the would-be Dalai Lama. Kangxi recognized Lhazang's choice, but hedged his bets considering the opposition from other Khoshuts and from the Tibetans. After some time a boy was discovered in Lithang in eastern Tibet who was believed to be the reincarnation of Tsangyang Gyatso. The boy, later known as Kelzang Gyatso was recognized by Güshi Khan's youngest son Tashi Batur (1632-1714) and another Khoshut prince called Amdowa. Kangxi showed interest for the boy although he did not recognize him yet. After 1715 he lived under imperial protection in Kumbum.

paragraph: Section::::The governance of Lha-bzang Khan.

paragraph: A major calamity struck the country in 1709. Tsang and Toh (West Tibet) suffered a severe earthquake which destroyed houses and killed lots of people. The central authorities sent relief to the afflicted areas, but this was insufficient and several towns had to be abandoned. In his foreign policy Lha-bzang had to cope with Chinese ambitions to turn his kingdom into a protectorate. The Manchu official Heshou was sent to Tibet in 1709 with the mission of supervising the king and watch against dissatisfied elements in society. Moreover, he collected geographical data used by European Jesuits in imperial service to draw accurate maps of the country. Nevertheless, the Qing commissioner was not supported by any Chinese troops, and was recalled in 1711. This left Lha-bzang Khan supreme in Tibet for the moment. A war with Bhutan broke out in 1714. Lha-bzang led the operations in person, invading Bhutan with three columns. However, he scored but limited success and soon withdrew the troops. The unsatisfactory result did not improve his standing in Tibet. The same may be said about his interest for the Catholic missionaries who visited Tibet in his reign, foremost among them Ippolito Desideri, whose anti-Buddhist rhetoric he sometimes seemed to endorse. In fact, Tibetan sources indicate that Lha-bzang was a pious Buddhist who had a good understanding of sutras and tantras. He built a new assembly hall at the Sera Monastery, moved the Urgé College that his ancestor Güshi Khan had established in Dam, and supported a new tantric college. He favoured the various monastic schools without discrimination, in particular the dominating Gelugpa school. In spite of such tokens of piety, the adverse attitude of the Buddhist clergy undermined his position.

paragraph: Section::::Dzungar invasion.

paragraph: According to one version, a number of clerics and officials, resentful of Lha-bzang Khan's grab of power, sent a letter to the court of the Dzungar Khanate in western Mongolia, asking the ruler Tsewang Rabtan to avenge the death of Sangye Gyatso. This is somewhat doubtful, since a contemporary source makes clear that Tsewang Rabtan did not like the murdered "desi". More important were the strategical interests of the Dzungar elite. If they were able to conquer Tibet and place the boy Kelzang Gyatso on the throne of Lhasa, they might enlist the support of the Tibetans and Khoshuts in their enterprises against the Qing Empire. The parts of Mongolia under Manchu domination could then be attacked on two fronts, helped by the great authority of the Tibetan Buddhist institutions. In 1714, Lha-bzang anyway received a message from Tsewang Rabtan. There were many marital connections between the Khoshut and Dzungar princes, and Tsewang Rabtan was married to Lha-bzang's sister. Now the Dzungar lord proposed that his daughter may marry Lha-bzang's son Ganden Tenzin. Lha-bzang consented in spite of some doubts about Dzungar intentions. However, when Ganden Tenzin arrived to the Dzungar lands to pick up his bride, he was seized and kept prisoner by Tsewang Rabtan. After three years, in 1717, the Dzungar ruler appointed his brother Tsering Dondup to invade Tibet with an army of 7,000 cavalry, after having executed Ganden Tenzin. The horsemen did not take the usual route through the Kokonor region, but rather invaded via Yarkand and from there entered north-western Tibet. It was quite an astonishing feat which took the Khoshut regime by complete surprise.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Lha-bzang Khan was staying in the Dam region when he heard about the unexpected invasion. At this time he was an old man, overweight and a heavy drinker. His able officer Pholhane suggested the king guard the pass between Dam and Lhasa with musketeers, but Lha-bzang preferred to meet the enemy on the open plain. Meanwhile, Dzungar spies spread the word that they had come to avenge the death of Sangye Gyatso, return power over the country to the Tibetans themselves, and expel the "false" Dalai Lama Ngawang Yeshe Gyatso. This had effect. The troops of Lha-bzang were defeated and withdrew to Lhasa which was hastily put in a state of defence. The city was besieged by the Dzungars and eventually stormed on a dark night at the end of November. Treason helped the enterprise since ladders were dropped down the fortified walls. The king withdrew to the Potala after most of his loyal troops had been massacred. He then sent his other son Surya to fetch reinforcement in Kokonor, but the prince was captured by the invaders. Seeing that everything was lost, the king rode out from Potala in the night of 3 December 1717 with a handful of followers, desperately trying to escape. However, his horse was stuck in the mud and fell down. The fallen ruler engaged the pursuing enemy in fierce hand-to-hand combat. Eleven Dzungars fell by his hand before he was cut down. Meanwhile, a smaller Dzungar force of 300 attempted to retrieve Kelzang Gyatso from Kumbum, but was defeated by Kangxi's troops. The Dzungars, initially welcomed by the Tibetans amidst expectations that they would free them of Lha-bzang and enable the installation of Kelzang Gyatso, lost Tibetan goodwill quickly by looting Lhasa and persecuting the Nyingma.

paragraph: Glenn Mullin portrays Lha-bzang Khan as a pious man who cultivated Tibetan religious authorities in every way possible, who was nevertheless rejected by the Tibetans because he was the first foreigner in almost 500 years to rule Lhasa. He is described as "a most liberal prince, very enlightened, and broad-minded in matters of religion, extremely fond of foreigners, and an administrator of rare wisdom."

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adle, Chahryar, and Habib, Irfan (eds.). "History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Volume V. Development in Contrast: From the Sixteenth to the Mid-nineteenth Century" (2003) UNESCO Publishing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barfield, Thomas J. "The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, 221 BC to AD 1757" (1992) Blackwell.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mullin, Glenn H. "The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation" (2001) Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, New Mexico. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petech, Luciano. "China and Tibet in the early XVIIIth century: history of the establishment of Chinese protectorate in Tibet" (1972) Brill Academic Publishers. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schaik, Sam Van. "Tibet: A History" (2011) Yale University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schwieger, Peter. "The Dalai Lama and the Emperor of China. A political history of the Tibetan institution of reincarnation" (2015) Columbia University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shakabpa, Tsepon W.D.. "Tibet: A Political History" (1967) Yale University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shakabpa, Tsepon W.D.. "One hundred thousand moons", Vols. I-II (2010) Brill.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Warren W., Jr. "Tibetan Nation: A History Of Tibetan Nationalism And Sino-Tibetan Relations" (1997) Westview press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stein, Rolf Alfred. "Tibetan Civilization" (1972) Stanford University Press. .

alias:
Lkhavzan Khan
Lhazang Khan
Latsang Khan

description: Mongolian Khoshuud/qoshut leader and king of Tibet

wikidata_label: Lha-bzang Khan

wikipedia_title: Lha-bzang Khan


text: ca.

text: French

text: coureur des bois

text: Lake Michigan

text: Mackinac Island

text: Green Bay

text: Wisconsin

text: Cherbourg-Octeville

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Samuel de Champlain

text: Étienne Brûlé

text: Quebec

text: Compagnie des Marchands

text: Ancien Régime

text: Algonquins

text: Ottawa River

text: fur trade

text: Odawa and Algonquin people

text: Lake Nipissing

text: Kirke brothers

text: England

text: Huron

text: Lake Michigan

text: Wisconsin

text: Red Banks

text: Green Bay, Wisconsin

text: Ho-Chunk

text: Pacific Ocean

text: China

text: Fox River

text: Wisconsin

text: Mississippi River

text: Algonquin people

text: Keweenaw Bay, Michigan

text: Milwaukee Public Museum

text: Milwaukee School of Engineering

text: Menominee, Michigan

text: Menominee people

text: Green Bay

text: Iroquois people

text: Nicolet, Quebec

text: Nicolet Area Technical College

text: Rhinelander, Wisconsin

text: Nicolet High School

text: Green Bay, Wisconsin

text: Daughters of the American Revolution

text: Nicolet National Bank

text: Nicolet National Forest

text: Peninsula State Park

text: "Jean Nicollet de Belleborne" (French)

text: Brook, Timothy

text: Berkeley

text: University of California Press

categories: French explorers,1642 deaths,People of pre-statehood Michigan,French explorers of North America,Nicolet, Quebec,People of pre-statehood Wisconsin,Explorers of Canada,People of New France,17th-century explorers,1598 births

paragraph: Jean Nicolet

paragraph: Jean Nicolet (Nicollet), Sieur de Belleborne ("ca." 15981 November 1642) was a French "coureur des bois" noted for discovering and exploring Lake Michigan, Mackinac Island, Green Bay, and being the first European to set foot in what is now the U.S. state of Wisconsin.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Nicolet (Nicollet) was born in Cherbourg-Octeville, France, in the late 1590s, the son of Thomas Nicollet, who was "messenger ordinary of the King between Paris and Cherbourg", and Marguerite de Lamer. They were members of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a known friend of Samuel de Champlain and Étienne Brûlé. He was attracted to Canada to participate in Champlain's plan to train young French men as explorers and traders by having them live among Native Americans. The French were setting up fur trading under the "Compagnie des Marchands."

paragraph: Section::::Arrival at Quebec.

paragraph: In 1618, Nicolet immigrated to Quebec as a clerk to train as an interpreter for the "Compagnie des Marchands", a trading monopoly owned by members of the French aristocracy. As an employee, Jean Nicolet was a faithful supporter of the "Ancien Régime".

paragraph: To learn the language of the First Nations, Nicolet was sent to live with the Algonquins on Allumette Island, a friendly settlement located along the important Ottawa River fur trade route. Upon his return to Quebec in 1620, he was assigned to live among the Odawa and Algonquin people in the Lake Nipissing region. During his nine-year stay, he ran a store and traded with the native peoples in the area.

paragraph: He had a relationship with a Nipissing native Jeanne-Gisis Bahmahmaadjimiwin, and they had a daughter, whom he named Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet. When Nicolet returned to Quebec, he brought his daughter Madeleine with him to educate her among the French. On July 19, 1629, when Quebec fell to the Kirke brothers who took control for England, Jean Nicolet fled with his daughter to the safety of the Huron country. He worked from there against English interests until the French were restored to power.

paragraph: Section::::Exploration of Wisconsin.

paragraph: Nicolet is noted for being the first European to explore Lake Michigan. In 1634 he became the first European to explore what would become Wisconsin. Jean Nicolet landed at Red Banks, near modern-day Green Bay, Wisconsin, in search of a passage to the Orient. He and other French explorers had learned from their native contacts that the people who lived along these shores were called "Ho-Chunk," which some French mistakenly translated as "People of the Sea". In the Ho Chunk language, it means people of the big voice, because they believe their language was the original language of their family of tribal languages. However, the Ojibwe had a less appealing name for them, Puants or Puans, or "people of the fragrant waters." This exonym was derogatory, however, not knowing that, Nicolet concluded that the people must be from or near the Pacific Ocean, and would provide a direct contact with China.

paragraph: Nicolet became the French ambassador to the Ho-Chunk people. He wore brightly colored robes and carried two pistols, to convey his authority. The Ho-Chunk people appreciated his ritual display. With some Ho-Chunk guides, Nicolet ascended the Fox River, portaged to the Wisconsin, and travelled down it until it began to widen. So sure was he that he was near the ocean, that he stopped and went back to Quebec to report his discovery of a passage to the "South Sea," unaware that he had just missed finding the upper Mississippi River.

paragraph: Section::::Recent controversy.

paragraph: In the last couple decades, some have questioned the traditional account of Nicolet's arrival in Green bay, saying that Nicolet was not looking for a route to China, did not wear a Chinese robe, and did not meet the Puans at Red Banks. Ronald Stiebe proposed that Nicolet didn't even go to Lake Michigan, but that the Puans were actually Algonquin people and Nicolet met them at Keweenaw Bay, Michigan. Nancy Oestreich Lurie, of the Milwaukee Public Museum--followed by Patrick J. Jung, of the Milwaukee School of Engineering (PBS video, "Rethinking Jean Nicolet's Journey to Wisconsin," 2014)--concluded that Nicolet actually met the Puans near Menominee, Michigan. Although the Menominee people and the Puans were different tribes, they were allies who jointly controlled access to Green Bay. Also, the Menominee would have been able to serve as interpreters for Nicolet in negotiations with the Puans. Lurie and Jung propose that the main purpose of Nicolet's mission was to establish peace between New France and the Puans and an alliance against the Iroquois people.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Jean Nicolet drowned after his boat capsized during a storm while traveling.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The city of Nicolet, Quebec was named after him.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolet Area Technical College in Rhinelander, Wisconsin bears his name.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolet High School in suburban Milwaukee was named after him.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1950, a statue of him was erected and is now located at Wequiock Falls County Park, about 10 miles northeast of Green Bay and a mile from where it is believed he landed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolet's landing at Red Banks is commemorated by a 1910 mural at the Neville Public Museum in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1906, the Jean Nicolet Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution was organized.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolet National Bank bears his name.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolet National Forest in northern Wisconsin bears his name.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolet Beach in Peninsula State Park, Wisconsin, bears his name.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the "Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Canadian Encyclopedia - Jean Nicollet de Belleborne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jean Nicollet de Belleborne" (French)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brook, Timothy (1998), "", Berkeley: University of California Press.

description: French explorer

wikidata_label: Jean Nicolet

wikipedia_title: Jean Nicolet


text: Count

text: Reval

text: Battle of Austerlitz

text: Russian

text: German Baltic

text: Tiesenhausen

text: German Baltic

text: Livonia

text: Baltic crusades

text: Tiesenhausen

text: Tyzenhauz

text: Napoleonic-war

text: General Prince Kutuzov

text: Catherine

text: Dorothea

text: Count Charles Louis de Ficquelmont

text: aide-de-camp

text: Alexander I of Russia

text: battle of Austerlitz

text: Napoleon

text: Tolstoy

text: War and Peace

text: estates

text: Reval

text: obelisk

text: Lutheran

text: Reval

text: von Tiesenhausen

categories: People from the Governorate of Estonia,1782 births,People from Tallinn,1805 deaths,Baltic-German people

paragraph: Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen

paragraph: Count Berend Gregor Ferdinand ("Fiodor Ivanovich" in Russian) von Tiesenhausen (June 1, 1782, Reval – December 2, 1805, at the Battle of Austerlitz) was a Russian noble and military officer of German Baltic origin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Count Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen was the scion of an ancient German Baltic nobility family that settled in Livonia during the Baltic crusades in the first half of the 12th century, going on to become one of the wealthiest and most prominent noble lines in the region ("Tiesenhausen" or "Tyzenhauz"). The son of Count Hans Heinrich von Tiesenhausen (1741–1815) and his wife Catherine, born Princess von Stackelberg (1753–1826), Tiesenhausen married Princess Elizabeth Golenishchev-Kutuzov, daughter of the Russian Napoleonic-war hero General Prince Kutuzov. Elizabeth gave birth to two daughters: Catherine (1803–1888), later a lady-in-waiting of the Imperial Court of Russia, and Dorothea (1804–1863), the future wife of Count Charles Louis de Ficquelmont.

paragraph: Tiesenhausen chose a military career. He fought under the command of his father-in-law and eventually became the "aide-de-camp" of Emperor Alexander I of Russia. He was fatally wounded at the battle of Austerlitz and fell with a flag in his hands. Napoleon, passing close to the gravely wounded Count, said: ″"What a glorious death!"″. The character Andrei Bolkonsky in Tolstoy's "War and Peace" was inspired by Tiesenhausen. The Count was taken to the Malik family's inn at nearby Straßendorf, but he did not survive. He was first buried in the garden of the inn, then exhumed and moved to his family's estates in Reval. A marble obelisk was erected in his memory in the Lutheran Cathedral Our Lady of Reval.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tatiana de Metternich, "Die Stroganoffs. Ein ungekrönte Dynastie", Munich, Kraus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfons Clary-Aldringen, "Geschichten eines alten Österreichers", Francfort-sur-le-Main, Ullstein, 1977

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- von Tiesenhausen

description: Russian noble and military commander

wikidata_label: Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen

wikipedia_title: Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen


text:
film director
screenwriter
Near and Far Away
Best Director
13th Guldbagge Awards
The Walls of Freedom
11th Moscow International Film Festival
Gwendolyn Audrey Foster
Near and Far Away
The Walls of Freedom
Flickan vid stenbänken

categories: People from Lund,Swedish women film directors,1940 births,Best Director Guldbagge Award winners,Swedish screenwriters,Swedish film directors,Living people

paragraph: Marianne Ahrne

paragraph: Siv Marianne Ahrne (born 25 May 1940) is a Swedish film director and screenwriter. She has directed ten films between 1970 and 1997. Her 1976 film "Near and Far Away" won the award for Best Director at the 13th Guldbagge Awards. Her 1978 film "The Walls of Freedom" was entered into the 11th Moscow International Film Festival. According to film historian Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Ahrne was one of the first women to make documentary films in Sweden, and Foster noted that Ahrne's films have received little attention in the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Near and Far Away" (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Walls of Freedom" (1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flickan vid stenbänken" (1989)

description: swedish film director, screenwriter

wikidata_label: Marianne Ahrne

wikipedia_title: Marianne Ahrne


text: English

text: Jonathan Sisson

text: Royal Observatory, Greenwich

text: Ordnance Survey

text: Royal Society

text: John Bird

text: Jesse Ramsden

text: Jean Bernoulli

text: Nevil Maskelyne

text: celestial pole

text: Brera Astronomical Observatory

text: Milan

text: Giovanni Schiaparelli

text: Carl Theodor, Elector Palatine

text: Schwetzingen

text: Christian Mayer

text: Thomas Hornsby

paragraph: Jeremiah Sisson

paragraph: Jeremiah Sisson (1720-1783) was an English instrument maker who became one of the leaders of his profession in London.

paragraph: Jeremiah Sisson was the son of Jonathan Sisson, also a respected instrument maker, who trained him in the craft.

paragraph: Sisson worked at a time when demand from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich and the Ordnance Survey, and assistance from the Royal Society, had brought London instrument makers to a dominant position in supply of the technically demanding work of making instruments for astronomy, survey and navigation.

paragraph: Sisson's father also employed John Bird, another supplier of instruments to the Royal Observatory.

paragraph: Sisson employed Jesse Ramsden in his workshop, later to become a leading instrument maker in his own right.

paragraph: According to Jean Bernoulli, among the London instrument makers in 1769 Sisson ranked after John Bird but ahead of Ramsden in his skill.

paragraph: Jeremiah Sisson supplied sectors and other astronomical instruments to Nevil Maskelyne, Astronomer Royal at the Greenwich Observatory.

paragraph: When Sisson went bankrupt, Maselyne gave him financial support.

paragraph: Sisson was not a good businessman. Lalonde said of him that he began too many projects but completed none.

paragraph: He was declared bankrupt in 1751.

paragraph: He was jailed several times when he failed to pay his employees.

paragraph: He had been forced to pawn some of his instruments to raise cash,

paragraph: and these instruments were later sold by the pawnbroker for much less than they were worth.

paragraph: In 1772 Sisson succeeded George Adams senior as supplier to the Board of Ordnance,

paragraph: but lost this business when he went bankrupt again in 1775.

paragraph: In 1773 Greenwich bought two sectors from Sisson.

paragraph: An equatorial sector made by Sisson in 1774, with two lenses across and a long axis aligned to the North celestial pole, was still used in the Brera Astronomical Observatory in Milan (now exhibited at Museo nazionale della scienza e della tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci). Giovanni Schiaparelli discovered the asteroid "Esperia" with this telescope on 26 April 1861.

paragraph: Prince Carl Theodor, Elector Palatine, set up an observatory of the roof of his castle at Schwetzingen in 1764, directed by Christian Mayer (1719-1783).

paragraph: A zenith sector made by Sisson was set up there in 1778.

paragraph: Meyer wanted to buy other instruments in 1782, but Sisson was busy with other work and only agreed to make a transit. On 21 March 1783 Meyer received a contract for the transit, countersigned by Maskelyn and the astronomer Thomas Hornsby of Oxford, to be made and delivered for 145 guineas.

paragraph: Sisson died in 1783.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Sources

description: British scientific instrument maker

wikidata_label: Jeremiah Sisson

wikipedia_title: Jeremiah Sisson


text:
Stockholm
Swedish
industrialist
diplomat
cartographer
Swedish nobility
University of Uppsala
mining
United States
the first Swedish ambassador
Sweden
Lapland
American Academy of Arts and Sciences

categories: Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,1820 deaths,19th-century Swedish businesspeople,Swedish cartographers,Uppsala University alumni,18th-century Swedish businesspeople,1744 births,Swedish mining businesspeople,Ambassadors of Sweden to the United States

paragraph: Samuel Gustaf Hermelin

paragraph: Samuel Gustaf Hermelin (4 April 1744, Stockholm – 4 March 1820) was a Swedish industrialist, diplomat and cartographer. Samuel Gustaf also belonged to the Swedish nobility. He attended the University of Uppsala for mining. In 1782, he went to the United States to study the mining operations and served as the first Swedish ambassador to the United States. He eventually moved back to Sweden and owned a mining company in Lapland. Samuel Gustaf was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1784.

description: Swedish businessman and diplomat

wikidata_label: Samuel Gustaf Hermelin

wikipedia_title: Samuel Gustaf Hermelin


text:
footballer
striker
Windsor
Stevenage Borough
Bristol Rovers
Fulham
Sheffield United
Millwall
Plymouth Argyle
Leicester City
Cheltenham Town
St Albans City
Arlesey Town
Truro City
Chesham United
Lambeth
South London
capped
Jamaica
Isthmian League
Stevenage Borough
Football Conference
Football League
Stevenage Borough
Football League
Bristol Rovers
Plymouth Argyle
Northampton Town
Fulham
Premier League
Chelsea
Everton
Tottenham Hotspur
White Hart Lane
free transfer
Sheffield United
Millwall
Plymouth Argyle
Ian Holloway
Leicester City
Queens Park Rangers
Coventry City
Crystal Palace
Championship
Cheltenham Town
Cheltenham Town
Southern League Premier Division
Truro City
Bideford
Southern League Cup
Halesowen Town
Lee Hodges
Plymouth Argyle
Salisbury City
Southern League Premier Division
Arlesey Town
Paulton Rovers
Conference South
Chesham United
Hellenic League Premier Division
Windsor
Cayman Islands
FIFA World Cup
Cuba
D.C. United
FIFA
Jamaica
Cuba
Conference
Second Division
First Division
UEFA Intertoto Cup
League One
Southern League Premier Division
Southern League Premier Division
Barry Hayles Official Website
Icons.com

categories: Millwall F.C. players,Chesham United F.C. players,England semi-pro international footballers,Fulham F.C. players,English Football League players,Jamaica international footballers,People educated at Archbishop Tenison's Church of England School, Lambeth,Leicester City F.C. players,Premier League players,National League (English football) players,Sheffield United F.C. players,Truro City F.C. players,Plymouth Argyle F.C. players,People from Lambeth,1972 births,St Albans City F.C. players,Arlesey Town F.C. players,Southern Football League players,Stevenage F.C. players,Jamaican footballers,Living people,Bristol Rovers F.C. players,Cheltenham Town F.C. players,Association football forwards

paragraph: Barry Hayles

paragraph: Barrington Edward "Barry" Hayles (born 17 May 1972) is a footballer who plays as a striker for Windsor, where he is player/coach. Hayles began his career in the Spartan League with Willesden Hawkeye before playing for Stevenage Borough, Bristol Rovers, Fulham, Sheffield United, Millwall, Plymouth Argyle, Leicester City, Cheltenham Town, St Albans City, Arlesey Town, three separate spells at Truro City and Chesham United. Born in Lambeth, South London, he was capped ten times by Jamaica at international level.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Willesden Hawkeye, Stevenage Borough.

paragraph: After beginning his career with Willesden Hawkeye in the early 1990s, Hayles joined Isthmian League Premier Division side Stevenage Borough in February 1994, and impressed with the club in his first two seasons there. He was part of the team which won the Football Conference in the 1995–96 season, however when the club were denied promotion to the Football League he became interested in a move away from Broadhall Way. In 1997, after continuing to impress with Stevenage Borough, he earned a move to Football League club Bristol Rovers.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Bristol Rovers.

paragraph: He impressed immediately, scoring on his debut against Plymouth Argyle with a first half header, and went on to top the Division Two scoring chart in his first season with 23 league goals as Rovers narrowly lost 4–3 on aggregate to Northampton Town in the playoffs. After beginning the 1998–99 season brightly, Hayles earned a £2 million pound move to Fulham.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Fulham.

paragraph: Hayles made over 200 appearances during his spell at Fulham, scoring 44 league goals and helping them to two promotions. He was integral to the team that got promoted to the Premier League for the first time in their history in 2001. Highlights during his time in the Premier League included scoring an equaliser against rivals Chelsea, a brace in a 2-0 win over Everton and another brace as Fulham memorably beat Tottenham Hotspur 3-0 at White Hart Lane. During his time at Fulham he was also called up for international duty for Jamaica.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Sheffield United.

paragraph: Hales was released on a free transfer joining Sheffield United. His spell with the Blades was not a success and he moved to Millwall for a nominal fee two months later.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Millwall.

paragraph: He signed for Millwall aged 32, making over 50 league appearances and scoring 16 goals during his two-year spell at the club.

paragraph: In the 2004/2005 season Barry notably scored in the local derby against West Ham and a hat trick away at Derby County helping Millwall to finish 10th

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Plymouth Argyle.

paragraph: He was signed by Plymouth Argyle by new manager Ian Holloway for a fee of £100,000 prior to the 2006/2007 season, where he quickly established himself as a supporters' favourite after a hugely impressive start which earned him the nickname "The Ox in the box". He made his Plymouth Argyle debut against Wolverhampton Wanderers, where he also scored his first goal for his new club. He has a record of never being on a losing side when scoring for Argyle (14 goals, 7 wins and 7 draws) up to Saturday 28 April 2007. In the 2007–08 season, Hayles planned to leave Plymouth at the end of the season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Leicester City.

paragraph: On 31 December 2007, Hayles joined Leicester City on an emergency loan, which became permanent for a fee of £150,000 on 2 January, signing an 18-month contract. He made his debut in a 3–1 away defeat to Queens Park Rangers on 1 January, and scored his first goal in a 2-0 win over Coventry City on 12 January, Hayles scored his second and last goal for the club in a 1–0 win over Crystal Palace on 28 January. Leicester was relegated from the Championship at the end of the season.

paragraph: On 12 August 2008, Hayles joined Cheltenham Town on loan for a month, which was extended for a further month on 11 September. He re-joined Cheltenham on loan for another month 27 November. Hayles had a brief run in the Leicester first team upon his return, but failed to score a single goal. He nonetheless earned a medal on 24 April after the club finished the season as League One champions. Hayles was released at the end of his contract on 29 May.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Cheltenham Town.

paragraph: On 13 July 2009, Hayles joined Cheltenham Town full-time. After making more than 50 league appearances for the Robins, he was released along with seven other players in May 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Truro City.

paragraph: Hayles signed with Southern League Premier Division club Truro City on 18 September 2010. He made his debut three days later against Bideford in the Southern League Cup. He scored his first goal for the club on 9 October 2010 in a 6–0 win against Halesowen Town as City went joint top of the Premier Division table. Having scored two goals in his first month at Treyew Road, Hayles extended his stay for another month. "Barry has settled in fantastically well and has been a great boost for the squad and the club," said Lee Hodges, the manager of Truro City and a teammate of the striker during his time at Plymouth Argyle. "I am absolutely delighted that he is staying" Hodges added. Hayles scored a hat-trick in the top of the table clash between Salisbury City and Truro City on 22 February 2011 in a result that Truro City won 6–0, Salisbury's first home defeat of the 2010–11 Southern League Premier Division season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:St Albans City.

paragraph: Hayles agreed to join Southern League Premier Division side St Albans City at the start of the 2012–13 season after leaving Truro City due to the club's financial problems. However, he returned to Truro on a non-contract basis on 14 December 2012, the same day that the club was sold to new owners.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Arlesey Town.

paragraph: On 24 July 2013, Hayles signed for Arlesey Town after he had scored twice in the first half of their 6–0 friendly win over Langford the previous evening.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Truro City.

paragraph: In August 2014, Hayles re-signed for Truro City and opened his scoring in his second game of the season, scoring both goals in the 2–1 win at Paulton Rovers. That season he helped them reach the Conference South via the play-offs and was again released at the age of 43.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Chesham United.

paragraph: On 26 June 2015, Chesham United announced they had signed Hayles as a player/coach. Chesham United manager Andy Lees stated, "He has a lot to offer on the pitch still and now off it as well as he looks to start a coaching career.". In Chesham United's 1-0 win at Bristol Rovers in the FA Cup on 8 November 2015, Hayles came on as a substitute, receiving an ovation from both sets of supporters.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Windsor.

paragraph: He joined Hellenic League Premier Division side Windsor for a similar role in July 2017.

paragraph: Section::::International.

paragraph: Hayles was called up to the Cayman Islands squad in 2000 for a pair of FIFA World Cup qualifying matches against Cuba. He took part in an unofficial 5–0 friendly defeat to American club side D.C. United, but he never played for them in a full international after FIFA ruled that he did not meet eligibility requirements.

paragraph: He has played at least ten times for Jamaica, making his debut against Cuba on 10 June 2001. Although Hayles never announced his retirement from international football, the national team had not called him up since 2005.

paragraph: Whilst at Stevenage Borough, Hayles played twice for the England Non League Team at that time (now England C Team). The first game was in May 1995 at St Albans FC against the Scottish Highland Football League who beat the England Non League Team 3-2. The second game was again against the Scottish Highland Football League at Cove Rangers FC ( three mile south of Aberdeen) in May 1997. This time the England Non League Side won 5-0 with Hayles scoring two goals, and Lee Hughes of Kidderminster Harriers at that time, scoring another two goals.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stevenage Borough

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conference: 1995–96

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fulham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Division: 1998–99

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Division: 2000–01

paragraph: BULLET::::- UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leicester City

paragraph: BULLET::::- League One: 2008–09

paragraph: BULLET::::- Truro City

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southern League Premier Division: Champions (1) 2010–11

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southern League Premier Division: Play-off winners (1) 2014-15

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barry Hayles Official Website at Icons.com

description: Footballer

wikidata_label: Barry Hayles

wikipedia_title: Barry Hayles


text: American

text: bobsled

text: 2006 Winter Olympics

text: Turin

text: Shauna Rohbock

text: FIBT World Championships

text: San Francisco

text: Park City, Utah

text: FIBT profile

text: United States Olympic Committee profile

categories: 1976 births,Sportspeople from San Francisco,Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics,American female bobsledders,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in bobsleigh,Olympic bobsledders of the United States,Living people,Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Valerie Fleming

paragraph: Valerie Fleming (born December 18, 1976) is an American bobsledder who has competed since 2003. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, she won a silver in the two-woman event with teammate and future wife Shauna Rohbock.

paragraph: Fleming also won three bronze medals at the FIBT World Championships (Two-woman: 2005, 2007; Mixed team: 2009).

paragraph: Born in San Francisco, Fleming lives in Park City, Utah.

paragraph: Section::::Career highlights.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympic Winter Games

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Championships:

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Cup:

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bobsleigh two-woman Olympic medalists since 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bobsleigh two-woman world championship medalists since 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIBT profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIBT World Championships 2007 bobsleigh two-woman results

paragraph: BULLET::::- United States Olympic Committee profile

description: bobsledder

wikidata_label: Valerie Fleming

wikipedia_title: Valerie Fleming


text: naturalist

text: realism art movement

text: Norwegian Academy of Arts

text: Vestre Aker

text: Christian Krohg

text: Hartvig Nissen School

text: University of Oslo

text: Christiania

text: cand.jur.

text: Johan Fredrik Eckersberg

text: Baden School of Art

text: Karlsruhe

text: Hans Gude

text: Karl Gussow

text: Königliche Akademie

text: Berlin

text: Frits Thaulow

text: Skagen artists colony

text: Skagen

text: Anna

text: Michael Ancher

text: Edvard Munch

text: Paris

text: realists

text: Albertine

text: romanticism

text: naturalism

text: Kristiania Bohemian

text: Impressionisten

text: Oslo

text: Verdens Gang

text: Académie Colarossi

text: Norwegian Academy of Arts

text: Skagens Museum

text: Legion of Honour

text: Order of Leopold

text: Exposition Internationale d'Anvers

text: Antwerp

text: Order of St. Olav

text: Oda Krohg

text: Per Lasson Krohg

text: Gunnar Heiberg

text: Frogner Park

text: Vår Frelsers gravlund

text: Per Hurum

text: Asbjørg Borgfelt

text: Christian Krohg at Skagens Museum

text: Digitized books by Christian Krohg

text: National Library of Norway

categories: Legion of Honour recipients,Artists from Oslo,Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal,University of Oslo alumni,Realist artists,19th-century Norwegian writers,Norwegian journalists,1852 births,Norwegian editors,19th-century Norwegian male writers,Skagen Painters,19th-century Norwegian painters,20th-century Norwegian painters,20th-century male writers,19th-century journalists,Writers from Oslo,20th-century Norwegian writers,1925 deaths

paragraph: Christian Krohg

paragraph: Christian Krohg (13 August 1852 – 16 October 1925) was a Norwegian naturalist painter, illustrator, author and journalist. Krohg was inspired by the realism art movement and often chose motives from everyday life. He was the director and served as the first professor at the Norwegian Academy of Arts from 1909 to 1925.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Christian Krohg was born at Vestre Aker (now Oslo), Norway. He was one of five children born to Georg Anton Krohg (1817–1873) and Sophie Amalia Holst (1822–1861). He was a grandson of Christian Krohg (1777–1828) who had served as a government minister. His father was a civil servant, journalist and author. His mother died when he was only 8 years old, and his father's sister took over responsibility for the household and the upbringing of the children. From 1861, he attended Hartvig Nissen School.

paragraph: His father had asked him to pursue a legal career. Krohg studied law at the University of Oslo (then Christiania) graduating cand.jur. in 1873, the same year in which his father died. During 1869–70, he had also studied at the art school of Johan Fredrik Eckersberg at in Christiania. He was additionally educated in Germany, first at the Baden School of Art in Karlsruhe under Hans Gude in 1874. He also trained under Karl Gussow from 1875. He followed with study at the Königliche Akademie in Berlin from 1875 to 1878.

paragraph: He was awarded the Schäffer's legacy (1876–77) and received a government travel allowance during 1877–78 and in 1881. In 1879, on the encouragement of artist Frits Thaulow, he visited the Skagen artists colony. He returned to Skagen in 1882–84 and 1888. Through his periodic future residence at Skagen, he would influence other artists including Anna and Michael Ancher and provided early support to Edvard Munch.

paragraph: Krohg worked in Paris from 1881 to 1882. Inspired by the ideas of the realists he chose motives primarily from everyday life – often its darker or socially inferior sides. Particularly well known are his pictures of prostitutes. Prostitution is also the subject of his novel "Albertine" (1886), which caused a scandal when first published, and was confiscated by the police. Krohg’s style made him a leading figure in the transition from romanticism to naturalism.

paragraph: Krohg was the founding and editor-in-chief of the Kristiania Bohemian journal, "Impressionisten" from 1886 until 1890. He then became a journalist for the Oslo newspaper "Verdens Gang" from 1890 to 1910. Christian Krohg was also associated with "Politiken" 1893-1894.

paragraph: He taught at Académie Colarossi in Paris from 1902 until 1909. Later he became a professor-director at the Norwegian Academy of Arts ("Statens Kunstakademi") from 1909 until 1925.

paragraph: There are notable collections of art by Christian Krohg in the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design in Oslo and at Skagens Museum in Denmark.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: Christian Krohg received numerous national and international awards during his career. In 1889, he was made a Knight in the French Legion of Honour and entered in the Belgian Order of Leopold in 1894.

paragraph: He served as Norwegian Commissioner at the Exposition Internationale d'Anvers at Antwerp in 1894 and held membership in the Societe Nouvelle de Peintres et de Sculpteurs from 1900. Krohg was made a Knight 1st Class in the Order of St. Olav in 1900 and received the Command Cross in 1910.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He was married to artist Oda Krohg (1860–1935). In 1885, their daughter Nana (1885–1974) was born and in 1889 their son muralist Per Lasson Krohg (1889–1965). In 1897, his wife took their son Per and moved to Paris with dramatist Gunnar Heiberg. They were later reconciled. In 1914, Christian Krohg established residence near Frogner Park where he died in 1925. Oda Krohg died in 1935. Both were buried at Vår Frelsers gravlund in Oslo.

paragraph: A bronze statue of Krohg by sculptors Per Hurum and Asbjørg Borgfelt was erected at the crossing of Lille Grensen-Karl Johans gate in Oslo in 1960.

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thue, Oscar (1997) "Christian Krohg" (Oaslo: Aschehoug)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thue, Oscar (1971) "Christian Krohgs portretter" (Oslo: Gyldendal)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bryne, Arvid (2009) "Christian Krohg. Journalisten" (Oslo: Unipub Forlag)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Krohg at the National Museum (Oslo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Krohg at Skagens Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Digitized books by Christian Krohg at National Library of Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::- MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository) Illustrations created by Christian Krohg for the 1899 and 1900 editions of the Norwegian editions of Heimskringla. Clicking on the thumbnail will give you the full image and information concerning it.

description: Norwegian painter

wikidata_label: Christian Krohg

wikipedia_title: Christian Krohg


text:
Forward
J1 League
J1 League
Japanese national team
1998 World Cup
Jamaica
2000 Asian Cup qualification
Brunei
Willie Hall
Northern Ireland
J1 League
Guinness Book of World Records
Yamaha Stadium
J1 League
Azul Claro Numazu
Japan Football League
JFL
2017 season
AFC Champions League
1998–99
Asian Super Cup
1999
J1 League
1997
1999
2002
FIFA Confederations Cup
2001
J.League Most Valuable Player
1998
J.League Top Scorer
1998
2000
J.League Best XI
1997
1998
2000
2002
J1 League
1998
Konami
Winning Eleven
Tomoko Ikuta
Lee Young-ae
Dae Jang Geum
HappinessCharge PreCure!
Japan National Football Team Database

categories: 1988 AFC Asian Cup players,1967 births,1992 AFC Asian Cup players,AFC Asian Cup-winning players,Association football people from Shizuoka Prefecture,2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players,1998 FIFA World Cup players,Japanese footballers,2002 FIFA World Cup players,Júbilo Iwata players,University of Tsukuba alumni,J.League MVPs,Japan international footballers,Living people,J2 League players,J3 League players,J1 League players,Japan Football League (1992–98) players,Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players,Japan Soccer League players,Azul Claro Numazu players,Japan Football League players

paragraph: Masashi Nakayama

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Playing as a Forward, Nakayama made his J1 League debut on 11 March 1994. From then until 2009, he was an ever-present part of the Júbilo Iwata lineup as they were consistently one of the top teams in the J1 League since its inception. With a strike-rate of more than a goal every two games throughout his career, Nakayama was the inspirational and talismanic leader for both Júbilo Iwata and the Japanese national team.

paragraph: At the 1998 World Cup finals in France, Nakayama scored the only goal of the tournament and the first goal for Japan in the history of the World Cup against Jamaica on 26 June 1998. He has scored 21 goals in 53 appearances for the Japanese national team.

paragraph: Nakayama also holds the world record fastest hat-trick at international level. He managed three goals in an 2000 Asian Cup qualification match against Brunei on 16 February 2000 in only three minutes and three seconds, beating the previous record of Englishman Willie Hall set in 1938 (against Northern Ireland) by 27 seconds. This striker becomes a record-holder with other hat-tricks, that he did it in four successive games of J1 League, from 15 to 29 April in 1998. He scored 16 times in these games. The record is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records

paragraph: Affectionately known as "Gon Nakayama" is a fan favorite among many casual Japanese football fans for his outspoken and humorous nature. Now in the twilight of his career, injuries and age have taken a toll on Nakayama's skills but he still remains a favorite of the Jubilo faithful, as evidenced by the fact that he draws the loudest cheers by far from the home crowd at Yamaha Stadium when his name is announced during warm-ups or when he comes on as a substitute.

paragraph: On 4 December 2012, he announced his retirement at the age of 45, citing injuries to his both knees, after being J1 League's all-time leading scores of 157 goals. In September 2015, he began to train with Azul Claro Numazu and then he signed a contract with the Japan Football League team Azul Claro. Despite the fact he didn't play any minute of JFL with Azul Claro, his contract was renewed for 2017 season, a first for a professional football club.

paragraph: Section::::Club statistics.

paragraph: "Updated to December 31, 2017".

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AFC Champions League Champions: 1998–99

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asian Super Cup Champions: 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- J1 League Champions: 1997, 1999, 2002

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:International.

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIFA Confederations Cup Runner-up: 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Champions)

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.League Most Valuable Player: 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.League Top Scorer: 1998, 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.League Best XI: 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Japanese Footballer of the Year: 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- Selected to AFC All Star Team: 1999

paragraph: Section::::Trivia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nakayama is currently the all-time top goal scorer in J1 League with 157 goals. He holds the record for top scorer in a single season, scoring 36 goals in 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nakayama once portrayed himself on television, performing voice work for a guest role on the anime .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nakayama appeared on the front cover of the Japanese releases of Konami's "Winning Eleven" video game series ("World Soccer: Winning Eleven 6" and "World Soccer: Winning Eleven 6 - Final Evolution") in 2002 and 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He married actress Tomoko Ikuta in 1996, and together they had a daughter. Ikuta did the voice-over for lead actress Lee Young-ae in the Japanese version of the popular South Korean TV series Dae Jang Geum.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nakayama Will Be a Special Guest Appearance in The HappinessCharge PreCure! as Himself This episode corresponds with the opening of the World Cup.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Japan National Football Team Database

description: Japanese footballer

wikidata_label: Masashi Nakayama

wikipedia_title: Masashi Nakayama


text:
Mantua
Emperor Leopold I
Joseph I
Laxenburg castles
Battle of Vienna
Pestsäule

categories: 1636 births,Italian scenic designers,1707 deaths,17th-century Italian architects

paragraph: Ludovico Ottavio Burnacini

paragraph: Ludovico Ottavio Burnacini (1636 – 12 December 1707) was an Italian architect and stage designer. Born in Mantua, he studied architecture under his father Giovanni and followed him to Vienna in 1650. There he became the chief architect and stage designer to the court of Emperor Leopold I and his successor Joseph I, a position he held for the rest if his life. His principal architectural work was the new court theatre in Vienna inaugurated in 1668 and destroyed in 1683, but he was also involved in the extensive rebuilding and expansion of the Leopold's Laxenburg castles and in the reconstruction of buildings damaged during the Battle of Vienna as well as crearing the original designs for the Pestsäule monument. His work as a stage designer for the lavish entertainments at Leopold's court is preserved in numerous engravings.

alias:
Ludovico Ottavio Burnacini
Ludovico Ottaviano Burnacini
Lodovico. Burnacini
Lodovico Ottavio Burnacini
Ludovico Burnacini

description: Italian architect

wikidata_label: Lodovico Burnacini

wikipedia_title: Ludovico Ottavio Burnacini