text:
Soviet Armenia
Yerevan Physics Institute
Academy of Sciences of the USSR
Armenian Academy of Sciences
Pyotr Kapitsa
Lev Landau
Igor Kurchatov
Abraham Alikhanov
Soviet Union
Elizavetpol
Abraham Alikhanov
Aleksandropol
waiter
schooled at home
external degree
Tiflis
Leningrad State University
Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute
Abraham Alikhanov
World War II
beta-decay
gamma rays
positron annihilation
radioactive decay
Communist party
USSR State Prize
Aragats
cosmic rays
muon
proton
siege of Leningrad
Dubna
USSR State Prize
Armenian Academy of Sciences
Viktor Hambartsumian
Synchrotron
GeV
electron
Harvard University
Europe
Yerevan State University
Lebedev Institute
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
spark chamber
Lenin Prize
x-ray
Lev Artsimovich
Alikhanian-Alikhanov mass spectrometer
spark chamber
Nobel Prize
Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky
R. Wilson
Isaak Pomeranchuk
Arkady Migdal
Lev Artsimovich
Lev Landau
Dmitry Shostakovich
Mikhail Zoschenko
Marietta Shaginyan
Yuri Orlov
Arto Tchakmaktchian
Martiros Sarian
Harutyun Kalents
Minas Avetisyan
Arkady Raykin
Andrei Sakharov
Yelena Bonner
Joseph Brodsky
Yuri Orlov
KGB
Yerevan
Hello, That's Me
Mitchell A. Wilson
Yerevan Physics Institute
Yerevan
Yerevan
Yerevan Physics Institute
Artem Alikhanian, YerPHI CRD
Alikhanian in Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Biography, Who's Who in Russia

categories: Russian inventors,People from Ganja, Azerbaijan,Armenian academics,Armenian nuclear physicists,1908 births,Saint Petersburg State University alumni,Armenian inventors,Armenian physicists,Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences,Russian physicists,Russian nuclear physicists,1978 deaths,Armenian scientists

paragraph: Artem Alikhanian

paragraph: Artem Isaakovich Alikhanian (, , 24 June 1908 – 25 February 1978) was a Soviet Armenian physicist, one of the founders and first director of the Yerevan Physics Institute, a correspondent member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1946), academic of the Armenian Academy of Sciences. With Pyotr Kapitsa, Lev Landau, Igor Kurchatov, Abraham Alikhanov and others, he laid the foundations of nuclear physics in the Soviet Union. He is known as the "father of Armenian physics".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Artem Alikhanian was born in Elizavetpol, Russian Empire, to an Armenian family of a railway engineer and homemaker. They had four children: two sons (the elder, Abraham Alikhanov, became a well-known physicist) and two daughters. In 1912 the family moved to Aleksandropol. He worked as a waiter and a newspaper seller. Alikhanian did not attend school regularly; initially he was mostly schooled at home but later he received an external degree from "Tiflis school № 100". In 1930, before he graduated from Leningrad State University, he became a staff-member at Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute working together with his elder brother Abraham Alikhanov. The work of their group was devoted to the investigation of pair production and of the resultant positron spectrum. For observation of positrons, Alikhanov, his student M. Kozodaev and Alikhanian used an original combination of a magnetic spectrometer and two contiguous Geiger-Müller counters making coincidence counts. This work became a starting point for the application of radio engineering to experimental nuclear physics in the Soviet Union. Before World War II, they carried out fundamental investigations of beta-decay, discovered the internal conversion of gamma rays and confirmed experimentally the energy conservation in positron annihilation. In 1934 their research group (B. Dzhelepov, Alikhanov and Alikhanian) was among the pioneers observing the phenomenon of radioactive decay. A method of determining the rest mass of the neutrino, using decay of the nuclei of Be7, was suggested by Alikhanov and Alikhanian in 1938. For their investigations both brothers (without being Communist party members) were awarded the USSR State Prize.

paragraph: In 1942 they initiated a scientific mission on Mt. Aragats in order to search for the third (proton) component of cosmic rays. They found so called narrow showers in cosmic rays and established the first evidence of the existence in cosmic rays of the particles with masses between that of a muon and proton. During the siege of Leningrad Alikhanian and some his colleagues were excused from full-time defense work in order to work on the design of a synchrocyclotron - the accelerator which was eventually constructed in Dubna in 1955. In 1948 A. Alikhanov and A. Alikhanian again were awarded the USSR State Prize for the investigation of cosmic rays. After they founded a cosmic ray station on Aragats at an altitude of 3250 m, the two brothers participated in the foundation of the Armenian Academy of Sciences and established the Yerevan Physics Institute in 1943. A. Alikhanian became its Director for the next 30 years. In 1956 A. Alikhanian, A. Alikhanov and Viktor Hambartsumian initiated the creation of the Yerevan Synchrotron with 6 GeV energy of electrons.

paragraph: In 1965 Harvard University invited Alikhanian to give the Loeb and Lee lectures in Physics. He became the first Loeb professor of Harvard University from Europe. Alikhanian was a Doctor of physical-mathematical sciences, Professor of Yerevan State University, head of the physical laboratory in the Lebedev Institute, founder and scientific supervisor of the Nuclear Physics chair in the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, founder of the high-altitude Aragats and Nor-Amberd research stations. In recognition of his scientific achievements and contribution he was awarded the "Honored Scientist of Armenian SSR" title in 1967.

paragraph: For the work on wide-gap track spark chambers in 1970 A.Alikhanian together with the colleagues were awarded the Lenin Prize. Later he initiated work on x-ray transition radiation detectors.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Alikhanyan's works are dedicated to nuclear physics, cosmic rays and elementary particle physics, accelerator physics and technology. Among with his co-workers- Alikhanov, Lev Artsimovich and others, he:

paragraph: BULLET::::- discovered the production of electron-positron pairs by internal energy conversion (1934),

paragraph: BULLET::::- experimentally confirmed energy conservation in positron annihilation (1936),

paragraph: BULLET::::- conducted precision measurements on the data spectra of a large number of radioactive elements and discovered the dependence of spectral shape on the atomic number,

paragraph: BULLET::::- proposed the experimental method to prove the existence of neutrinos through nuclear recoil in electron capture in 7Be,

paragraph: BULLET::::- discovered streams of fast protons in the cosmic rays, the intense productions of protons by fast neutrons, the so-called narrow shower, and the first hints of particles with masses ranging between those of the muon and the proton,

paragraph: BULLET::::- contributed to the development of methods for the detection of high-energy particles, in particular the Alikhanian-Alikhanov mass spectrometer, wide-gap spark chambers, and X-ray transition radiation detectors.

paragraph: In 1963 he introduced the idea of creating a spark chamber where the gap between plates was wide enough to be able to observe spark trails of up to 20 cm. This invention was considered one of the major milestones in the history of the Spark Chamber.

paragraph: He led the construction of 6 GeV Armenian electron synchrotron (Yerevan). Alikhanian was also an experienced educator. From 1961 to 1975 he organized the world-renowned annual International Schools of High Energy Physics at Nor-Amberd, with participation of many academics and Nobel Prize laureates.

paragraph: According to Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky and R. Wilson, Alikhanian made "very important contributions to science, in particular, in the use of transition radiation as an important tool in particle detection and identification".

paragraph: Section::::Personality.

paragraph: Alikhanian was also known as a kind and highly inventive personality, his "great erudition captivated everyone". He was in good relations with academicians Isaak Pomeranchuk, Arkady Migdal, Lev Artsimovich and Lev Landau, composer Dmitry Shostakovich (he was a colleague of the composer's wife, Nina Varzar, who died in Armenia, in 1954), writers Mikhail Zoschenko and Marietta Shaginyan, professor and dissident Yuri Orlov, sculptor Arto Tchakmaktchian, painters Martiros Sarian, Harutyun Kalents and Minas Avetisyan. Alikhanian organized visits of Arkady Raykin, Andrei Sakharov and Yelena Bonner to Armenia, hosted Joseph Brodsky at his house in Yerevan (as Yuri Orlov writes, there were rumours, that Alikhanian had a web of his own spies, who helped to protect him and his colleagues from the KGB). He actively supported international cooperation of scientists. Alikhanian resigned from his position at YerPhI in 1973 and left Yerevan, after conflicts with very high level Soviet statesmen.

paragraph: "Hello, That's Me!" film is based on Alikhanian's biography. Mitchell A. Wilson while working on "Meeting at a Far Meridian" novel, visited Alikhanian in Armenia and lived there for several months.

paragraph: Section::::Remembrance.

paragraph: Yerevan Physics Institute and a street in Yerevan are named after him. His statue stands at Alikhanyan Square, Yerevan. Also there is a Memorial Cabinet-museum of Alikhanyan opened in the central building of the Yerevan Physics Institute.

paragraph: Section::::Selected articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alikhanian A.I., Alikhanov A.I., Nikitin S. Highly ionizing particles in soft component of cosmic rays J. Phys., 9, pp. 175–182, 1945.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alikhanian A.I., Asatiani T.L. Invistigation of Auger Showers. J. Phys., 9, pp. 167–174, 1945.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alikhanian A.I., Alikhanov A. I. Varitrons. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 21, pp. 1023–1044, 1951 (In Russian).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alikhanian A.I., Avakian V.V., Mamidjanyan E.A., et al. A facility for identification of the hadrons with energy 300 GeV with transition radiation detector, Proceedings of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, Physics series, 38, pp. 1993–1995, 1974 (In Russian).

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A. Alikhanian: Essays, Recollections, Documents (mainly in Russian), edited by G. Merzon, Moscow, 2000, 335p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artem Alikhanian in the memories of friends and colleagues, Russian Acad. of Sciences; ed. by E. Mamijanyan, G. Merzon, Moscow, 2008, 342 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artem Alikhanian, YerPHI CRD

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alikhanian in Great Soviet Encyclopedia

paragraph: Section::::Links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography, Who's Who in Russia

description: Soviet Armenian physicist

wikidata_label: Artyom Alikhanian

wikipedia_title: Artem Alikhanian


text:
avant-garde jazz
experimental music
contemporary classical music
AACM
classical guitar
music theory
avant-garde jazz
Marilyn Crispell
Hamid Drake
John Hollenbeck
Joseph Jarman
Myra Melford
Jeff Parker
Elliott Sharp
Delmark
Elliott Sharp
Clean Feed
Scott Fields website

categories: 20th-century American guitarists,Guitarists from Chicago,Living people,Clean Feed Records,1956 births,Cadence Jazz Records artists,Jewish American musicians,American jazz guitarists,Pupils of Nadia Boulanger,Jewish jazz musicians

paragraph: Scott Fields

paragraph: Scott Fields (born September 30, 1943 in Chicago, Illinois) is a guitarist, composer, and bandleader. He is best known for blending music that is composed with music that is written and for his modular pieces (see "48 Motives", "96 Gestures" and "OZZO"). He works primarily in avant-garde jazz, experimental music, and contemporary classical music.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Fields was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois. He started as a self-taught rock musician but soon was influenced by the musicians of the Association for the Advancement for Creative Musicians (AACM), which was active in the Hyde Park neighborhood in which he grew up. Later he studied classical guitar, jazz guitar, music composition, and music theory. In late 1973 Fields co-founded the avant-garde jazz trio Life Rhythms. When the group disbanded two years later, he played sporadically but soon was institutionalized for an extended period. He quit music almost entirely until 1989.

paragraph: Since then he has performed and composed actively. His ensembles and partnerships have included such musicians as Marilyn Crispell, Hamid Drake, John Hollenbeck, Joseph Jarman, Myra Melford, Jeff Parker, and Elliott Sharp.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 "Hornets Collage" with François Houle, Jason Roebke (Nuscope)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Songs Songs Songs" with Jeff Parker (Delmark)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Scharfefelder" with Elliott Sharp (Clean Feed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 "Drawings" (Creative Sources)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "What We Talk" with Stephan Rath (Neos)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 "Afiadacampos" with Elliott Sharp (Neos)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Minaret Minutes" with Matthias Schubert (Clean Feed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Moersbow/Ozzo" (Clean Feed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Ostryepolya" with Elliott Sharp (PanRec/NotTwo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 "Five Frozen Eggs" (Clean Feed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 "Everything Is in the Instructions" with Jeffrey Lependorf (Ayler)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "Akra-Compoj" with Elliott Sharp (New Atlantis)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 "Burning in Water, Drowning in Flame" (New Atlantis)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 Barclay (Scott Fields Ensemble, Ayler Records)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scott Fields website

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Scott Fields

wikipedia_title: Scott Fields


text: dwarf

text: Greene

text: New York

text: Broken Hill

text: New South Wales

text: Millie Edwards and Francis Flynn

categories: 1864 births,People from Greene, New York,American expatriates in Australia,Entertainers with dwarfism,American entertainers,Sideshow performers,1898 deaths

paragraph: Francis Joseph Flynn

paragraph: Francis Joseph Flynn (6 October 1864 – 5 October 1898), better known as General Mite, was an American dwarf who performed as a showman at various competitions around the world.

paragraph: Flynn was born on 6 October 1864 in Greene, New York, the son of Edward Finnion Flynn and Mary Ann Flynn and brother to Alice Flynn. They were of average height.

paragraph: In 1884, Flynn married an English dwarf, Millie Edwards, in England. The wedding was widely publicized and attended. From then on, the couple were exhibited as the "Royal American Midgets" and "General and Mrs. Mite" in many advertisements.

paragraph: In 1890, Flynn and Edwards moved to Australia. Flynn died in Broken Hill, New South Wales on 5 October 1898, one day before his 34th birthday.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article: General Mite is Honored in Australia at Town of Greene, New York's website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Millie Edwards and Francis Flynn at the National Library of Australia

description: American entertainer

wikidata_label: Francis Joseph Flynn

wikipedia_title: Francis Joseph Flynn


text: Congolese

text: Congolese Labour Party

text: Minister of State for Justice

text: Senate of the Republic of the Congo

text: Marien Ngouabi

text: Denis Sassou Nguesso

text: Soviet Union

text: Antoine Ndinga Oba

text: 1997 civil war

text: Brazzaville

text: Kinshasa

text: Democratic Republic of the Congo

text: non-aggression pact

text: Democratic Republic of the Congo

text: Sangha Region

text: 2002 Senate election

text: New Democratic Forces

text: October 2011 Senate election

categories: Members of the Senate (Republic of the Congo),Government ministers of the Republic of the Congo,Republic of the Congo diplomats,1939 births,Living people

paragraph: Pierre Nzé

paragraph: Pierre Nzé (born 1939) is a Congolese politician and diplomat. During the single-party rule of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT), he held leading positions in the government and party. Later, he was Minister of State for Justice from 1997 to 1999, and he served in the Senate of the Republic of the Congo from 2002 to 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Under Marien Ngouabi, Nzé was appointed as Minister of State for Information, Popular Education, and Cultural Affairs in the government named on January 1, 1969. On June 21, 1969, Nzé was included on the five-member Executive Committee of the ruling National Revolutionary Council (CNR) as President of the Education, Press, and Propaganda Committee. He was a founding member of the PCT in December 1969 and was one of the original members of its Central Committee; he was also included in the party's original Political Bureau and was assigned responsibility for propaganda. He was again included in the smaller, five-member Political Bureau elected in December 1971 and was assigned responsibility for organization and propaganda.

paragraph: Acting as spokesman for the PCT Political Bureau, Nzé announced a new draft constitution following its adoption by the December 1972 PCT congress; at the same congress, he was included on the PCT's five-member Political Bureau. He was expelled from the party along with others on June 11, 1976, although he was subsequently readmitted and restored to a seat on the Political Bureau. He was later Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1979 to 1984 under President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he was also assigned responsibility for foreign relations on the Political Bureau during the same period. He made an official visit to the Soviet Union in May 1979.

paragraph: In August 1984, Nzé was replaced as Foreign Minister by Antoine Ndinga Oba, who had previously served as Minister of Education; Nzé remained on the Political Bureau with responsibility for foreign relations. Although he was considered "one of the PCT's leading theoreticians", Nzé was subsequently removed from the PCT Political Bureau at a plenary session of the Central Committee in November 1986, when the Political Bureau's size was decreased from 13 members to 10 members.

paragraph: Following the introduction of multiparty politics, Nzé led the National Union for Democracy and Progress (UNDP), a political party founded in 1990. In June 1997, following the outbreak of the 1997 civil war, Nzé was included on the National Mediation Committee. He represented Sassou Nguesso in a consultation meeting related to the conflict that took place in Brazzaville in mid-June. The war concluded with Sassou Nguesso's rebel forces capturing Brazzaville in October 1997, and in the national unity government formed under Sassou Nguesso on November 2, 1997, Nzé was appointed as Minister of State for Justice. He headed the Republic of Congo's delegation to a meeting, held in Kinshasa on September 22, 1998, in which bilateral relations between the Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo were discussed. Acting on behalf of Congo-Brazzaville's government, he later signed a non-aggression pact with Democratic Republic of the Congo in December 1998.

paragraph: In the government appointed on January 12, 1999, Nzé was replaced as Justice Minister, and he was not included in the government. He was then appointed as a Political Delegate to the President of the Republic on January 18, 1999.

paragraph: Standing as a UNDP candidate, Nzé was elected as a Senator from Sangha Region in the 2002 Senate election. On August 23, 2002, he was elected by the Senate as a Vice-President of the Commission on Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration, and Development Cooperation. In the October 2005 Senate election, Nzé was re-elected to the Senate as a UNDP candidate in Sangha Region. He received the votes of 54 electors, placing sixth and therefore winning the last of the six available seats from Sangha Region.

paragraph: The UNDP merged into the New Democratic Forces (FDN) in early 2007, and Nzé became one of three FDN senators. Following the FDN's First Ordinary Congress on 2–3 May 2010, Nze was installed as one of the seven members of the High Council of Dignitaries, a consultative body within the FDN leadership, on 1 June 2010.

paragraph: Nzé was appointed as Personal Representative of the President on 20 September 2011. He was not re-elected to the Senate in the October 2011 Senate election.

description: Republic of the Congo politician

wikidata_label: Pierre Nzé

wikipedia_title: Pierre Nzé


text:
civil servant
lawyer
British Virgin Islands
Christmas day
the introduction of self-rule in 1967
Federation of the West Indies
constitutional reforms
1950 general election
barrister
Gray's Inn
Belonger
Queen's Counsel
Lavity Stoutt
BVI Bar Association

categories: British Virgin Islands Queen's Counsel,1923 births,British Virgin Islands lawyers,1996 deaths

paragraph: McWelling Todman

paragraph: McWelling "Mac" Todman, (25 December 1923 - 7 March 1996) was a civil servant and lawyer from the British Virgin Islands who played an important role in the early political history of the Territory.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Mac Todman was born on Christmas day 1923 in Tortola, British Virgin Islands. Like many successful Caribbean nationals, he began life as a teacher.

paragraph: In 1952 he married Audrey Creque, to whom he would remain married for life. Together they would have three children, one of whom predeceased him.

paragraph: Todman was also regular lay preacher at the Road Town Methodist Church.

paragraph: Section::::Politics.

paragraph: After he left teaching Mac Todman held various administrative posts during the colonial administration in the British Virgin Islands before the introduction of self-rule in 1967. This role took him first to Antigua, and later in 1957 to Barbados as part of the doomed Federation of the West Indies. Todman played in active role in supporting the right of the British Virgin Islands for political self-determination. He famously described the constitutional reforms which led to the 1950 general election as "an instrument minimal in its intent and its effect".

paragraph: He was also a longstanding member of BVI Public Service Commission, serving from 1970 until 1994, just two years before his death.

paragraph: For his services to Government he was awarded an OBE in 1970 and a CBE in 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Law.

paragraph: In 1967 he travelled to London and trained as a barrister at Gray's Inn, becoming the first Belonger from the British Virgin Islands to be called as a lawyer. In 1980 he was elevated to Queen's Counsel. He was the first, and still one of the very few, native born lawyers from the British Virgin Islands to be so honoured. He founded his own practice, McW Todman & Co, which continues in existence today. He has been described as a lawyer of "exceptional ability."

paragraph: In 1981 in the early days of the British Virgin Islands financial services industry, other than the Chief Minister Lavity Stoutt, Mac Todman was the only native born member of the delegation sent by the Territory to negotiate with the United States in relation to the proposed cancellation of the double tax treaty between the two countries. He memorably described the process as one of "plea-gotiation" rather than "negotiation".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On 7 March 1996 he died peacefully of natural causes. In his memory the BVI Bar Association instituted an annual lecture series in his name.

wikidata_label: McWelling Todman

wikipedia_title: McWelling Todman


text: United States Navy

text: business magnate

text: philanthropist

text: American Olympic Association

text: destroyer

text: USS "Thompson" (DD-627)

text: Corsica, Pennsylvania

text: United States Naval Academy

text: "Contoocook"

text: "Franklin"

text: "Richmond"

text: "Guard"

text: USS "Wachusett"

text: Newport, Rhode Island

text: ensign

text: Harvard

text: Boston

text: mining

text: smelting

text: International Nickel Company of Canada

text: Army–Navy Game

text: Olympic Games

text: 1912 Summer Olympics

text: 1924 games

text: New York Athletic Club

text: Annapolis, Maryland

text: Japan

text: Order of the Rising Sun

text: Order of Vasa

text: Sweden

text: French Legion of Honor

text: French

text: Naval Order of the United States

text: William C. Gibbs

text: Stephen Hyatt Pell

text: Fort Ticonderoga

categories: United States Naval Academy alumni,United States Navy officers,Recipients of the Order of Vasa,1849 births,Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class,1930 deaths,Harvard Law School alumni

paragraph: Robert Means Thompson

paragraph: Robert Means Thompson (2 March 1849 – 5 September 1930) was a United States Navy officer, business magnate, philanthropist and a president of the American Olympic Association. He is the namesake of the destroyer USS "Thompson" (DD-627).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Corsica, Pennsylvania, to John Jamison Thompson and Agnes Kennedy. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy on 30 July 1864. Graduating tenth in the class of 1868, Thompson first went to sea in "Contoocook" in the West Indian Squadron. He later served in "Franklin", "Richmond", and "Guard" of the Mediterranean Squadron; as well as in USS "Wachusett" and at the Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, Rhode Island.

paragraph: Commissioned ensign on 19 April 1869, and promoted to master on 12 July 1870, he resigned from the Navy on 18 November 1871, to study law in his brother's office. After he was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar in 1872, he was still not satisfied with his legal training so he studied law at Harvard, graduating in 1874. Thompson subsequently practiced law in Boston and was a member of the Boston Common Council from 1876 to 1878. He later became interested in mining and smelting enterprises, by which he earned his fortune. He was president of Orford Copper, which later merged into the International Nickel Company of Canada, of which he served as chairman.

paragraph: He was an organizer of the Navy Athletic Association and the donor of the Thompson Cup, which is awarded to the winner of the annual Army–Navy Game. His interest in sport then extended to the Olympic Games, and was twice president of the American Olympic Association, once for the 1912 Summer Olympics, and again for the 1924 games. In 1912, he was also elected president of the New York Athletic Club. He also helped to organize the New York Chapter of the United States Naval Academy Alumni Association and served as its first president and as a trustee of the Naval Academy Alumni Association at Annapolis, Maryland.

paragraph: Thompson was president of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and president of the Navy League. He also visited Japan at the invitation of the Japanese government and was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, Second Class, by the Emperor. He also received the Order of Vasa by the government of Sweden, and the Cross of Commander, French Legion of Honor, by the French government.

paragraph: Thompson became a companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) in 1874 through the Massachusetts commandery. He was active in MOLLUS affairs and was elected commander in chief October 27, 1927, and served in that capacity until his death.

paragraph: He was also a companion of the Naval Order of the United States.

paragraph: He co-edited the "Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy" for the Navy Historical Society.

paragraph: Robert Means Thompson was married to Sarah Gibbs, daughter of Rhode Island governor, William C. Gibbs. They had one daughter, Sarah Gibbs Thompson. He died while visiting his daughter and her husband, Stephen Hyatt Pell, at Fort Ticonderoga, New York.

alias:
Robert M. Thompson
R. M. Thompson

description: American naval officer and businessman

wikidata_label: Robert Means Thompson

wikipedia_title: Robert Means Thompson


text: Union Army

text: American Civil War

text: Medal of Honor

text: Battle of Cedar Creek

text: Middletown, Virginia

text: Major General

text: Philip Sheridan's

text: Valley Campaigns of 1864

text: Shenandoah Valley

text: San Francisco, California

text: California Hundred

text: Massachusetts

text: 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry

text: captain

text: Military Times Hall of Valor

text: Findagrave entry

categories: People from Colchester, Connecticut,1839 births,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,Union Army officers,1913 deaths,People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War,People of Connecticut in the American Civil War,People of California in the American Civil War,American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

paragraph: Henry H. Crocker

paragraph: Henry H. Crocker (January 20, 1839 – January 1, 1913) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.

paragraph: When the war broke out Crocker was living in San Francisco, California. He joined one hundred other pro-Union California men who returned east to fight. The so-called "California Hundred" were organized as a cavalry troop and sent via ship to Camp Meigs in Massachusetts. There they were designated Company A and joined by seven cavalry companies from Massachusetts to form the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry. Crocker eventually became captain of Company F, and mustered out in July 1865.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: "The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Captain Henry H. Crocker, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 19 October 1864, while serving with Company F, 2d Massachusetts Cavalry, in action at Cedar Creek, Virginia. Captain Crocker voluntarily led a charge, which resulted in the capture of 14 prisoners and in which he himself was wounded."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Cedar Creek

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military Times Hall of Valor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Findagrave entry

description: Recipient of the Medal of Honor

wikidata_label: Henry H. Crocker

wikipedia_title: Henry H. Crocker


text:
Madrid
Omar Bradley
Alfredo Antonini
John Serry Sr.
Muzak

categories: Composers for the classical guitar,Spanish guitarists,Musicians from Madrid,1911 births,20th-century Spanish musicians,2001 deaths,Male guitarists,20th-century guitarists

paragraph: Vicente Gómez (composer)

paragraph: Vicente Gómez (8 July 1911 – 23 December 2001) was a Spanish guitarist and composer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gómez was born in Madrid where he learned his trade in a tavern, in the red light district of Madrid, that was owned by his father. He worked there until he was 25, when he visited Russia. He was involved in politics and opposed to General Franco. He visited Cuba and Mexico and he was discovered whilst making a radio show in Mexico.

paragraph: He worked in New York and toured South America. In 1943 he became a U.S. citizen and served in the American army. In the 1950s he composed for Hollywood films before he retired to compose and teach. One of Gómez' students was Ricky Nelson. Another was the wife of Omar Bradley.

paragraph: Section::::Musical composition.

paragraph: Transcription for solo piano based on the version of the typical orchestra Argentina Jose Garcia and gray foxes accompanying the singer Nilda Wilson.

paragraph: Original theme for guitar and orchestra soundtrack for the film "Blood and Sand" 1941, played by the composer himself.

paragraph: "Verde Luna" ("Green Moon"), rumba Bolero, by Vicente Gómez. It was recorded by Alfredo Antonini and his orchestra featuring Victoria Cordova and John Serry Sr. for Muzak in 1949.

description: Spanish musician

wikidata_label: Vincente Gomez

wikipedia_title: Vicente Gómez (composer)


text:
Swedish
ice hockey
goaltender
youth team
2003–04 Elitserien season
Brynäs IF
IF Sundsvall Hockey
HockeyAllsvenskan
Valbo HC
Swedish Division 1
Frölunda HC
2010–11 season
save percentage
Timrå IK
HC Košice
game show
Postkodkampen

categories: Frölunda HC players,Timrå IK players,Leksands IF players,Almtuna IS players,HC Košice players,1984 births,Brynäs IF players,Admiral Vladivostok players,HSC Csíkszereda players,HIFK (ice hockey) players,HC Nové Zámky players,People from Gävle,Swedish ice hockey goaltenders,IF Sundsvall Hockey players,KHL Medveščak Zagreb players,Living people,Borås HC players

paragraph: Joakim Lundström

paragraph: Joakim Lundström (born February 25, 1984) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey goaltender. His youth team was Strömsbro IF.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Lundström played his first professional game during the 2003–04 Elitserien season with Brynäs IF. He played three Elitserien games that season. Lundström then spent the six following seasons in lesser divisions, mainly with IF Sundsvall Hockey of the HockeyAllsvenskan, but also with Valbo HC of the Swedish Division 1, before signing with Frölunda HC prior to the 2010–11 season. Playing 19 Elitserien games, he posted a 91.57 save percentage during the 2010–11 season. In April 2011, Lundström signed with Timrå IK.

paragraph: In June 2017 Joakim signed with HC Košice

paragraph: Section::::Game-show participation.

paragraph: Lundström participated in the 2011 edition of the Swedish game show "Postkodkampen", being Team Timrå's leader. The team advanced to the semifinal, after beating Team Mariestad.

description: Swedish game-show participant and a professional ice hockey goaltender

wikidata_label: Joakim Lundström

wikipedia_title: Joakim Lundström


text:
ice hockey
defenceman
Mora IK
HockeyAllsvenskan
Swedish Hockey League
HV71
Linköpings HC
Mora IK
National League
SC Bern
Liiga
HIFK
2018–19

categories: People from Enköping,Linköpings HC players,VIK Västerås HK players,HIFK (ice hockey) players,Mora IK players,HV71 players,SC Bern players,Swedish ice hockey players,Living people,1982 births

paragraph: Daniel Grillfors

paragraph: Daniel Grillfors (born July 2, 1982) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman and current assistant coach to Mora IK of the HockeyAllsvenskan (Allsv).

paragraph: Grillfors played in the Swedish Hockey League with HV71, Linköpings HC and Mora IK. He also played in the Swiss National League for SC Bern and in the Finnish Liiga for HIFK.

paragraph: He concluded his playing career with Mora IK in the 2018–19 season, announcing his retirement due to injury, he immediately accepted an assistant coaching role to continue with Mora IK in the Allsvenskan on 24 May 2019.

description: Swedish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Daniel Grillfors

wikipedia_title: Daniel Grillfors


text: House of Commons

text: Michael Barne

text: Ayscoghe Boucherett

text: 12th Royal Lancers

text: rotten borough

text: Dunwich

text: 1832 Reform Act

text: Sotterley HalI

text: High Sheriff of Suffolk

text: Frederick St John Barne

text: East Suffolk

categories: 1886 deaths,1801 births,UK MPs 1830–1831,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,High Sheriffs of Suffolk,English landowners,UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: Frederick Barne

paragraph: Frederick Barne (8 November 1805 – 9 March 1886) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1830 to 1832.

paragraph: Barne was the only son of Lieutenant-Colonel Michael Barne and Mary Boucherett, daughter of Ayscoghe Boucherett. He served as a captain in the 12th Royal Lancers. In 1830 he was elected Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Dunwich, the previous MP being his father. He held the seat until 1832 when it was abolished under the 1832 Reform Act. He lived at Sotterley HalI and was High Sheriff of Suffolk in 1851.

paragraph: In 1834, Barne married Mary Anne Elizabeth Honywood, eldest daughter of Sir John Courtenay Honywood, 5th Baronet. Their son Frederick St John Barne was later Member of Parliament for East Suffolk.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Frederick Barne

wikipedia_title: Frederick Barne


text: American football

text: tight end

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: National Football League

text: quarterback

text: Mack Brown

text: Kansas

text: Texas Tech

text: 2013 Alamo Bowl

text: Oregon

text: Charlie Strong

text: David Ash

text: BYU

text: UCLA

text: Kansas

text: Baylor

text: Oklahoma

text: Iowa State

text: Kansas State

text: Texas Tech

text: West Virginia

text: Oklahoma State

text: Texas Bowl

text: Arkansas

text: Notre Dame

text: Oklahoma State

text: TCU

text: Kansas State

text: Kansas

text: Texas Tech

text: Baylor

text: Notre Dame

text: Oklahoma State

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: Texas profile

categories: Texas Longhorns football players,American football quarterbacks,American football tight ends,People from Stephenville, Texas,1994 births,Players of American football from Texas,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Tyrone Swoopes

paragraph: Alphonso Tyrone Swoopes Jr. (born November 14, 1994) is an American football tight end for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played quarterback for the University of Texas Longhorns football team.

paragraph: Section::::High school career.

paragraph: Swoopes was a highly recruited high school football player. He played in the 2013 U.S. Army All-American Bowl, and consistently was rated among the top 10 quarterback recruits in the country. In addition to football, he played guard in basketball, in baseball, and competed in the long jump, triple jump, 4 × 400 m, 4 × 200 m, 4 × 100 m and shot put in track and field. He committed to play college football at the University of Texas under head coach Mack Brown.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2013 season.

paragraph: In his lone season with head coach Mack Brown, Swoopes saw limited play in the 2013 season, coming in mostly for relief in six games.

paragraph: On November 2, Swoopes completed his first career collegiate pass against Kansas. On November 28, he had his first career rushing touchdown, which came in the fourth quarter against Texas Tech. On December 30, Swoopes saw time in the 2013 Alamo Bowl against Oregon. In the bowl game, Swoopes had eight rushes for 38 yards.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2014 season.

paragraph: Swoopes entered the 2014 season with a new head coach, Charlie Strong.

paragraph: In the first game of the 2014 season, Swoopes entered the game only for the last series, but after a career-ending injury to David Ash, Swoopes was thrown into the unexpected role of starter for the second game against BYU. He remained the starter for the rest of the season.

paragraph: Swoopes described the season as one of "ups and downs." Despite solid play by Swoopes, his debut game against BYU represented the worst home loss, 41–7, for Texas since 1997. Swoopes had another solid performance the following week against #12 UCLA, but despite a late lead, the Longhorns again came up short. Swoopes led Texas to a win over unranked Kansas, then a loss to #7 Baylor before throwing for a career-high 334 yards in a close loss to Oklahoma. That was followed by a gutsy win over Iowa State in which Swoopes, who set a career-high for total offense, led the Longhorns on a game-winning drive with only 28 seconds left, after having led them on a touchdown drive only a minute earlier. The next game brought a shutout loss to #11 Kansas State. Then the team won three straight over Texas Tech, #24 West Virginia, and Oklahoma State. The highlight of the season was arguably the upset win of then #24 West Virginia, which was not a great game for Swoopes, but was a necessary one for Texas to become bowl-eligible. The next week, against Oklahoma State, Swoopes had the best game of his career, with 305 yards, two touchdowns, and a career-high quarterback rating of 170.4. In the last game of the regular season, Texas was beaten badly by #5 TCU in a game in which Swoopes threw a career-high four interceptions.

paragraph: Swoopes and the Longhorns went to the Texas Bowl where they met an old Southwest Conference rival Arkansas, but the offense, which struggled all season due to injury and rule-violation losses to the offensive line, was able to muster only 59 yards of offense. It was Swoopes's worst game. He produced only 25 yards of total offense (57 yards of passing and −32 yards of rushing) and registered a career low quarterback rating of 63.2. His performance during the last two games of the season and his 5–7 record as a starter left analysts questioning his role in 2015. Before the bowl game, Max Olson of ESPN wrote of him "he will have to fight for his job next year."

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2015 season.

paragraph: Swoopes played a significant role for the Longhorns in the 2015 season. He did start the season shaky in a loss in the season opener against Notre Dame, Swoopes was 7-of-22 for 93 yards and had ten rushing attempts for 17 yards. On September 26, he had his first rushing touchdown of the season against Oklahoma State. In the next game against TCU, he had his first passing touchdown of the season. In the next game against Oklahoma, Swoopes had a passing touchdown and a rushing touchdown. Two weeks later, against Kansas State, he had a career-high three rushing touchdowns to along with 50 rushing yards. On November 7, Swoopes had a career-day against Kansas. Against the Jayhawks, he had 98 yards passing and one passing touchdown. In addition, he had a career-high four rushing touchdowns to along with 59 rushing yards. On November 26, against Texas Tech, he had 98 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. He started at quarterback in the last game of the year at #12 Baylor. Texas won the game in an upset by a score of 23-17. In the victory, Swoopes had a passing touchdown and a rushing touchdown.

paragraph: Overall, Swoopes was 47-of-93 for 537 passing yards, four touchdowns, and one interception. On the ground, he had 451 rushing yards and 12 rushing touchdowns on 74 attempts.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:2016 season.

paragraph: Swoopes started the 2016 season by appearing in the game against #10 Notre Dame. He had a strong performance in the 50-47 2OT victory. He had 13 carries for 53 yards and three touchdowns, including the game-winner. A few weeks later, against Oklahoma State, Swoopes had six carries for 24 yards and two touchdowns. Over the course of the rest of the season, Swoopes appeared in seven games and recorded two other rushing touchdowns.

paragraph: Overall, in the 2016 season, Swoopes had 54 rushes for 174 yards and seven touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Statistics.

paragraph: Passing statistics

paragraph: Rushing statistics

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Swoopes signed with the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent on May 12, 2017. He was waived on September 2, 2017, and was signed to the Seahawks' practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on December 30, 2017.

paragraph: On September 1, 2018, Swoopes was waived by the Seahawks. He was re-signed to the practice squad on October 9, 2018. He was promoted to the active roster on October 13, 2018. He was waived on October 27, 2018 and was re-signed to the practice squad. He was released on November 6, 2018, but re-signed on November 28.

paragraph: On January 7, 2019, Swoopes signed a reserve/future contract with the Seahawks.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Texas profile

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Tyrone Swoopes

wikipedia_title: Tyrone Swoopes


text: Major League Baseball

text: left fielder

text: Sirius XM Radio

text: Markham, Illinois

text: Marine

text: U.S. Steel

text: Thornwood High School

text: South Holland, Illinois

text: baseball

text: football

text: basketball

text: hit

text: RBI

text: Arizona State University

text: Stanford

text: Creighton University

text: letter of intent

text: Jim Hendry

text: Montreal Expos

text: 1991 Major League Baseball draft

text: Florida Marlins

text: Dustin Hermanson

text: Joe Orsulak

text: outfield

text: at-bat

text: home run

text: Claudio Vargas

text: Wilton Guerrero

text: Graeme Lloyd

text: Mike Mordecai

text: Carl Pavano

text: Justin Wayne

text: Donald Levinski

text: Boston Red Sox

text: Sun-woo Kim

text: Song Seung-jun

text: New York Mets

text: Chicago Cubs

text: San Francisco Giants

text: Tampa Bay Rays

text: San Diego Padres

text: Fox Sports Florida

text: NBC Sports Network

text: MLB Network

text: SportsNet New York

text: New York Mets

text: spring training

text: Boston Red Sox

text: WPIX-TV

text: Gary Cohen

text: SiriusXM

text: MLB Network Radio

text: Sportsnet

text: Toronto Blue Jays

text: Florida

text: cancer

text: Dragons' Den

text: Floyd Interview 6-30-06

categories: Montreal Expos players,Harrisburg Senators players,New York Mets players,Sportspeople from Miami,Calgary Cannons players,National League All-Stars,Lake Elsinore Storm players,South Suburban Bulldogs baseball players,St. Lucie Mets players,African-American baseball players,Boston Red Sox players,Albany Polecats players,Charlotte Knights players,1972 births,Chicago Cubs players,Brooklyn Cyclones players,Tampa Bay Rays players,Sportspeople from Chicago,Major League Baseball left fielders,Living people,American expatriate baseball players in Canada,Baseball players from Illinois,MLB Network personalities,Florida Marlins players,People from Markham, Illinois,San Diego Padres players,Ottawa Lynx players

paragraph: Cliff Floyd

paragraph: Cornelius Clifford Floyd Jr. (born December 5, 1972) is a former Major League Baseball left fielder, and is also currently a co-host on Sirius XM Radio.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Floyd was born to parents Cornelius Clifford Floyd, Sr. and Olivia Floyd. After spending 13 years as an only child, Floyd was joined by brother Julius. Sister Shanta was later adopted when the Floyds noticed her as a six-year-old classmate of Julius' who had been troublesome for her then adoptive parents. The three siblings were raised in Markham, Illinois, a small suburb south west of Chicago. Floyd's father, a former Marine, worked double shifts at a U.S. Steel plant in Chicago to allow the family to live in a safe and stable neighborhood.

paragraph: At Thornwood High School in South Holland, Illinois, Floyd was a three-sport star in baseball, football, and basketball. In basketball, he led his high school to the Class AA Sectional Playoffs. In leading his team to the Illinois state baseball championship as a senior, he hit .508 with 130 RBI during the final two years of his high school prep career. He was heavily recruited by Arizona State University, Stanford, and Creighton University and signed a letter of intent to play for head coach Jim Hendry at Creighton. However, when the Montreal Expos drafted him as the 14th pick in the 1st round of the 1991 Major League Baseball draft, Floyd chose to go to the minor leagues.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.:Montreal Expos.

paragraph: Floyd made his major league debut in , playing in 10 games with the Expos.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.:Florida Marlins.

paragraph: In , Floyd was traded from the Expos to the Florida Marlins for Dustin Hermanson and Joe Orsulak. In , Floyd earned a starting position in the Marlins' outfield. In , in 420 at-bats, he hit .300 with 22 home runs and 91 RBI.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.:Second Stint with Expos.

paragraph: In , Floyd was traded from the Marlins back to the Expos, with Claudio Vargas, Wilton Guerrero, and cash, for Graeme Lloyd, Mike Mordecai, Carl Pavano, Justin Wayne, and Donald Levinski.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.:Boston Red Sox.

paragraph: Later that year, Floyd was traded from the Expos to the Boston Red Sox for Sun-woo Kim and Song Seung-jun.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.:New York Mets.

paragraph: In , Floyd was signed by the New York Mets. He played well for the Mets, but was hampered by injuries in 2003 and . However, Floyd stayed healthy in and responded with a career-high and team-leading 34 home runs. The next year, though, Floyd was once again limited by injuries and only played in 97 games during New York's division-winning year. He caught the division-clinching out for the Mets, but was slowed by injuries in the playoffs for New York, only recording twelve at-bats in his team's ten postseason games.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.:Chicago Cubs.

paragraph: In , Floyd agreed to a deal with his hometown Chicago Cubs for the 2007 season, with an option for . Floyd missed nine games in August 2007 to mourn the death of his father, Cornelius. He returned on August 21, 2007, to play the San Francisco Giants, where he hit a game-winning RBI.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.:Tampa Bay Rays.

paragraph: On December 14, 2007, Floyd signed a $3 million, one-year contract with the Tampa Bay Rays. Floyd spent 2008 platooning for the Rays at DH against righties.

paragraph: Section::::Major league career.:San Diego Padres.

paragraph: On February 5, , Floyd agreed to a one-year contract with the San Diego Padres.

paragraph: On October 8, 2009, the Padres released Floyd.

paragraph: Section::::Broadcasting career.

paragraph: On February 22, 2010, Floyd accepted a broadcasting job with Fox Sports Florida.

paragraph: Floyd also appears on NBC Sports Talk on the new NBC Sports Network and on MLB Network.

paragraph: Floyd made his debut in the broadcasting booth for FOX Sports Baseball Night in America on June 21, 2014.

paragraph: In 2015, Floyd joined SportsNet New York where he would be an analyst for New York Mets games. On March 8, 2015, Floyd broadcast his first Mets game, a spring training game against the Boston Red Sox on WPIX-TV, with Gary Cohen doing play-by-play.

paragraph: Floyd currently hosts on SiriusXM's MLB Network Radio as well as SiriusXM's Fantasy Sports Radio.

paragraph: In 2018, Floyd joined Sportsnet to become a featured analyst for the network's Toronto Blue Jays coverage.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Floyd lives in Florida with his longtime companion Maryanne Manning, the couple's two children, his mother, and the two children of his sister Shanta. Shanta died in 2006 after a long battle with cancer.

paragraph: He appeared on Season 9 and 10 of "Dragons' Den".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Floyd Interview 6-30-06

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Cliff Floyd

wikipedia_title: Cliff Floyd


text:
CBE
tennis
Glebe, Sydney, New South Wales
Parramatta
Rosehill
Parramatta High School
cricket
Glebe
Davis Cup
Frank Sedgman
Ken McGregor
Lew Hoad
Ken Rosewall
Rod Laver
Neale Fraser
John Newcombe
Fred Stolle
Tony Roche
Roy Emerson
Ashley Cooper
Rex Hartwig
Mervyn Rose
Mal Anderson
Melbourne Herald
Melbourne Herald
World War II
Davis Cup
Hopman Cup
Perth, Western Australia
International Tennis Hall of Fame
Newport, Rhode Island
Jack Kramer
open tennis
Rosewall
Nell Hall
mixed doubles
St Philip's Anglican Church
Port Washington Tennis Academy
Vitas Gerulaitis
John McEnroe
Largo, Florida
Rich Hillway, tennis historian
Parramatta High School biography

categories: Australian Championships (tennis) champions,People from Parramatta,Sportspeople from Sydney,Australian tennis coaches,1985 deaths,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles,1906 births,International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees,Australian male tennis players,Australian expatriate sportspeople in the United States,United States National champions (tennis),Tennis people from New South Wales

paragraph: Harry Hopman

paragraph: Henry Christian "Harry" Hopman, CBE (12 August 1906 – 27 December 1985) was a world-acclaimed Australian tennis player and coach.

paragraph: Hopman was born in Glebe, Sydney, New South Wales, before his family moved to Parramatta, a city adjoining Sydney and now effectively a suburb of the metropolis.

paragraph: Hopman was a student at Rosehill Public Primary (elementary) school, where his father was headmaster, and later at Parramatta High School, where he played tennis and cricket.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Harry Hopman was born on 12 August 1906 in Glebe, Sydney as the third child of John Henry Hopman, schoolteacher, and Jennie Siberteen, née Glad. He started playing tennis at the age of 13 and, playing barefoot, won an open singles tournament on a court in the playground of Rosehill Public School, where his father was headmaster.

paragraph: Section::::Davis Cup.

paragraph: Hopman was the successful captain-coach of 22 Australian Davis Cup teams from 1939 to 1967. With players such as Frank Sedgman, Ken McGregor, Lew Hoad, Ken Rosewall, Rod Laver, Neale Fraser, John Newcombe, Fred Stolle, Tony Roche, Roy Emerson, Ashley Cooper, Rex Hartwig, Mervyn Rose, and Mal Anderson, he won the cup an unmatched 16 times.

paragraph: In late 1951, when it appeared that Davis Cup player Frank Sedgman was about to turn professional, Hopman used his column in the "Melbourne Herald" to lead a fundraising campaign designed to keep Sedgman in the amateur ranks. Enough money was raised to purchase a gasoline station in the name of Sedgman's wife-to-be and Sedgman remained an amateur for one more year. As Joe McCauley writes in "The History of Professional Tennis", "For some reason, the pious Hopman, a strong opponent of the paid game, did not regard this as an infringement of Sedgman's amateur status."

paragraph: Section::::Journalism.

paragraph: Hopman was also a journalist, joining the "Melbourne Herald" in 1933 as a sportswriter. He provided sporting commentary. After World War II, this became his focus until he was once again coaxed into tennis coaching. As an example of Hopman's journalism, Kramer writes that Sedgman, by then a successful touring professional, once "volunteered to help train the Aussie Davis Cup team. Hopman accepted the offer, and then he took Sedg aside and told him that what Hoad and Rosewall needed was confidence. So he told Sedg to go easy on them, which he gladly did. After a few days, Hopman wrote an exclusive in his newspaper column revealing how his kids could whip Sedgman and how this proved once again that amateurs were better than the pros."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Hopman Cup is named in his honour. His widow, Lucy Hopman, travels to Perth, Western Australia in January each year for the tournament.

paragraph: Hopman was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in 1978.

paragraph: Tennis great Jack Kramer, who was also a successful promoter of the professional tour, writes in his 1979 autobiography that Hopman "always knew exactly what was going on with all his amateurs. He had no children, no hobbies, and tennis was everything to him. Hopman always said he hated the pros, and he battled open tennis to the bitter end, but as early as the time when Sedgman and McGregor signed, Hopman was trying to get himself included in the deal so he could get a job with pro tennis in America."

paragraph: Kramer, who admits that Hopman "has never been my favorite guy", goes on to say "The minute one of his stars would turn pro, Hopman would turn on him. No matter how close he'd been to a player, as soon as he was out of Hopman's control, the guy was an outcast. 'It was as if we'd never existed' Rosewall said once."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hopman was first married to Nell Hall, with whom he won four mixed doubles finals. The marriage took place on 19 March 1934 at St Philip's Anglican Church in Sydney. She died of an intracranial tumour on 10 January 1968. Hopman emigrated to the United States in 1969 and became a successful professional coach, at Port Washington Tennis Academy, of future champions such as Vitas Gerulaitis and later John McEnroe. Hopman later opened the Harry Hopman's International Tennis camp in Treasure Island then Largo, Florida, with his second wife, Lucy Pope Fox, whom he married on 2 February 1971.

paragraph: Hopman died of a heart attack on 27 December 1985.

paragraph: Section::::Tournament record.

paragraph: Section::::Tournament record.:Australia Davis Cup.:Player.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1928, 1930, 1932

paragraph: Section::::Tournament record.:Australia Davis Cup.:Captain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1938–1939, 1950–1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner: 1939, 1950–1953, 1955–1957, 1959–1962, 1964–1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runner-up: 1938, 1954, 1958, 1963, 1968, 2017

paragraph: Section::::Tournament record.:Italian Championship.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mixed Doubles 1934

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Game, My 40 Years in Tennis" (1979), Jack Kramer with Frank Deford ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The History of Professional Tennis" (2003), Joe McCauley

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rich Hillway, tennis historian

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parramatta High School biography

description: Australian tennis player

wikidata_label: Harry Hopman

wikipedia_title: Harry Hopman


text:
Greek
epithet
Indo-Greek
Arachosia
Gandhara
Pakistan
Maues
Menander I
Buddhist
Milindapanha
Strato I
Artemidorus
Menander I
Milinda Panha
Dharma
Kharoshti
Antialkidas
Amyntas Nikator
Buddhist
mudra
Buddhism
Mauryan
Ashoka
Indo-Scythian
Maues
Coin India gallery
Coins of Menander II

paragraph: Menander II

paragraph: Menander II Dikaios (Greek: ; epithet means "the Just") was an Indo-Greek King who ruled in the areas of Arachosia and Gandhara in the north of modern Pakistan.

paragraph: Section::::Time of reign.

paragraph: Bopearachchi has suggested that Menander II reigned c. 90–85 BC, whereas R. C. Senior has suggested c. 65 BC. In that case, Menander II ruled remaining Indo-Greek territories in Gandhara after the invasion of Maues.

paragraph: Section::::Relations to other kings.

paragraph: Menander II Dikaios may have belonged to the dynasty of Menander I Soter, the greatest of the Indo-Greek kings. It was long believed that there was only one king named Menander (see discussion under Menander I) as their portraits were rather similar and Menander II seems to have been a devout Buddhist, just as Menander I was, according to the ancient Buddhist scripture the Milindapanha.

paragraph: On the other hand, the name Menander could well have been popular in the Indo-Greek kingdom, and the coins of Menander II are not very like those of Menander I nor of those other kings (such as Strato I) who are believed to have belonged to his dynasty. R. C. Senior links Menander II with the Indo-Greek king Amyntas, with whom he shares several monograms and also facial features such as a pointed nose and receding chin. He also suggests a close relation to the semi-Scythian king Artemidorus, son of Maues, since their coins use similar types and are often found together.

paragraph: There is a small possibility that Menander II, rather than Menander I, is actually the Buddhist Greek king referred to in the Milinda Panha. This point is unsolved however, since Greek sources (Plutarch (Praec. reip. ger. 28, 6)) relate that the great conqueror Menander I is the one who received the honour of burial in what could be interpreted as Buddhist stupas.

paragraph: More likely, Menander I may indeed have first supported Buddhism, like the other Indo-Greek kings, and was probably the protagonist of the Milindapanha, on account of his described fame, whereas Menander II, a minor king, may have wholeheartedly embraced Buddhism, as exemplified by his coins.

paragraph: Section::::Coins of Menander II.

paragraph: The coins of Menander II bear the mention "Menander the Just", and "King of the Dharma" in Kharoshti, suggesting that he adopted the Buddhist faith. Menander II struck only Indian silver. These depict the king in diadem or helmet of the type of Menander I, with a number of reverses:

paragraph: a king on horseback, Nike and a sitting Zeus of the type of Antialkidas and Amyntas Nikator, but with an eight-spoked Buddhist wheel instead of the small elephant.

paragraph: His bronzes feature Athena standing, with spear and palm-branch, shield at her feet, making a benediction gesture with the right hand, similar to the Buddhist "vitarka" mudra. Other varieties feature a king performing the same gesture.

paragraph: On the reverse is a lion, symbol of Buddhism, as also seen on the pillars of the Mauryan King Ashoka. In general, the coins of Menander II are quite few, which tends to indicate a rather small rule.

paragraph: A contemporary king to represent the Buddhist lion on his coins is the Indo-Scythian king Maues, around 85 BC.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shape of Ancient Thought. Comparative studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies" by Thomas McEvilley (Allworth Press and the School of Visual Arts, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Buddhism in Central Asia" by B.N. Puri (Motilal Banarsidass Pub, January 1, 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Greeks in Bactria and India", W.W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coin India gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Menander II

wikidata_label: Menander II

wikipedia_title: Menander II


text: Chrysanthemum Throne

text: Emperor Go-Toba

text: Minamoto no Michichika

text: Dairi

text: Heian Palace

text: Ōinomikado (Fujiwara) no Reishi

text: Emperor Go-Saga

text: Princess Teruko

text: Emperor Go-Toba

text: cloistered emperor

text: Kenkyū

text: Minamoto no Yoritomo

text: Kamakura shogunate

text: Minamoto no Yoriie

text: Minamoto no Sanetomo

text: Emperor Juntoku

text: Kyōto

text: Kamakura

text: Minamoto no Yoritomo

text: Gokenin

text: Tosa Province

text: Kōchi Prefecture

text: Awa province

text: Tokushima Prefecture

text: memorial

text: Shinto

text: shrine

text: mausoleum

text: Emperor of Japan

text: Meiji

text: Daijō-kan

text: Sesshō

text: Sesshō

text: Daijō-daijin

text: Sadaijin

text: Udaijin

text: Naidaijin

text: Dainagon

text: era name

text: nengō

text: Kenkyū

text: Shōji

text: Kennin

text: Genkyū

text: Ken'ei

text: Jōgen

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past."

text: OCLC 251325323

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan."

text: OCLC 194887

text: OCLC 13839617

text: Reprinted by Taylor and Francis

text: Titsingh, Isaac.

text: Nihon Odai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon."

text: OCLC 5850691

text: Varley, H. Paul.

text: OCLC 59145842

categories: 1231 deaths,1190s in Japan,1200s in Japan,1196 births,1210s in Japan,12th-century Japanese monarchs,People of Kamakura-period Japan,Japanese emperors

paragraph: Emperor Tsuchimikado

paragraph: Tsuchimikado's reign spanned the years from 1198 through 1210.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: Before Tsuchimikado's ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name ("imina") was . He was the firstborn son of Emperor Go-Toba. His mother was Ariko (在子) (1171–1257), daughter of Minamoto no Michichika (源通親).

paragraph: Tsuchimikado's Imperial family lived with him in the Dairi of the Heian Palace. His family included three sons by three different consorts:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress ("Chūgū"): Ōinomikado (Fujiwara) no Reishi (大炊御門（藤原）麗子) later Onmeimon’in (陰明門院), Ōinomikado Yorisane’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady-in-waiting: Tsuchimikado (Minamoto) no Michiko (土御門（源）通子; d.1221), Minamoto Michimumen’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- First daughter: Princess Haruko (春子女王; 1210-1230)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second daughter: Imperial Princess Akiko (覚子内親王; 1213-1285) later Ogimachi’in (正親町院)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third son: Imperial Prince Priest Ninjo (仁助法親王; 1215-1262)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourth son: Imperial Prince Priest Jojin (静仁法親王; 1216-1296)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sixth son: Prince Kunihito (邦仁王), later Emperor Go-Saga

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Mimasaka-Naishi (美作掌侍), Takashina Nakasuke’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Imperial Prince Priest Donin (道仁法親王; 1209-1263）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Minamoto Sadamitsu’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifth daughter: Princess Hideko (秀子女王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Owari-no-Tsubone (尾張局), Priest’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Imperial Prince Priest Sonsyu (尊守法親王; 1210-1260）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Priest Shine’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Imperial Prince Priest Sonjo (尊助法親王; 1217-1290）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Jibukyo-no-tsubone (治部卿局), Priest’s Daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Imperial Prince Priest Dōen (道円法親王; 1210-1240）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: Princess Nobuko (信子女王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Omiya-no-Tsubone (大宮局), Minamoto Arimasa’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: Imperial Princess Teruko (曦子内親王) later Senkamon-in (仙華門院)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: (Fujiwara), Priest’s Daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Imperial Prince Priest Sainin (最仁法親王; 1227-1295）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Kunaikyō-no-tsubone (宮内卿局), Fujiwara Norimitsu’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: Princess Tomoko (知子女王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Zojin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Sakyōdaibu-no-Tsubone, Priest’s Daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: Imperial Princess Junko (諄子内親王; d.1260)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court Lady: Tanba-no-Tsubone, Priest’s Daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: Princess Koreko (是子女王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother Unknown:

paragraph: BULLET::::- daughter, adopted by Prince Hokuroku

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kaison (懐尊)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jakue (寂恵)

paragraph: In 1198, he became emperor upon the abdication of Emperor Go-Toba, who continued to exercise Imperial powers as cloistered emperor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1198 ("Kenkyū 9, 11th day of the 1st month"): In the 15th year of Go-Toba"-tennō" 's reign (後鳥羽天皇十五年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession ("senso") was received by his eldest son.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1198 ("Kenkyū 9, 3rd month"): Emperor Tsuchimikado is said to have acceded to the throne ("sokui").

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1199: Shortly after Tsuchimikado's reign began, Minamoto no Yoritomo died.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1203: Yoritomo's successor as head of the Kamakura shogunate, Minamoto no Yoriie, was assassinated;and former emperor Go-Toba was responsible for good relations with the shogunate when it was headed by Minamoto no Sanetomo from 1203 through 1219.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1210: Go-Toba persuaded him Tsuchimikado to abdicate in favor of his younger brother, who would become known as Emperor Juntoku.

paragraph: In Kyōto, Minamoto no Michichika took power as steward, and in Kamakura, in 1199, upon the death of Minamoto no Yoritomo, Hōjō Tokimasa began to rule as Gokenin.

paragraph: Tsuchimikado removed himself from Kyoto, traveling first to Tosa Province (now known as Kōchi Prefecture); and later, he moved to Awa province (now known as Tokushima Prefecture), where he died in exile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1231: The former emperor died at age 37.

paragraph: Tsuchimikado's official Imperial tomb is in Kyoto. The emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi"). This mausoleum shrine is formally named "Kanegahara no misasagi".

paragraph: Section::::Events of Tsuchimikado's life.:"Kugyō".

paragraph: "Kugyō" (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

paragraph: In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Tsuchimikado's reign, this apex of the "Daijō-kan" included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sesshō", Konoe Motomichi, 1160–1233.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sesshō", Kujō Yoshitsune, 1169–1206.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daijō-daijin", Kujō Yoshitsune.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naidaijin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dainagon"

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Tsuchimikado's reign.

paragraph: The years of Tschuimikado's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kenkyū" (1190–1199)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shōji" (1199–1201)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kennin" (1201–1204)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genkyū" (1204–1206)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ken'ei" (1206–1207)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jōgen" (1207–1211)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past." Berkeley: University of California Press. ; OCLC 251325323

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan." Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887

paragraph: BULLET::::- Takekoshi, Yosaburō. (1930). "The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan." New York: Macmillan. OCLC 13839617. Reprinted by Taylor and Francis, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Odai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

paragraph: BULLET::::- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns." New York: Columbia University Press. ; OCLC 59145842

alias:
土御門天皇
Tsuchimikado-tennō
Emperor Tsuchimikado

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Tsuchimikado

wikipedia_title: Emperor Tsuchimikado


text: Chrysanthemum Throne

text: Emperor Toba

text: Fujiwara no Nariko

text: Emperor Toba

text: Fujiwara no Tashi

text: Fujiwara no Yorinaga

text: Emperor Nijo

text: Emperor Rokujo

text: Fujiwara no Shimeko

text: Fujiwara no Tadamichi

text: Eiji

text: Kampaku

text: Sesshō

text: Cloistered Emperor

text: Toba

text: Emperor Sutoku

text: Kōji

text: Cloistered Emperor

text: Toba

text: Hōō

text: Tōdai-ji

text: Ten'yō

text: Kyūan

text: Emperor Sutoku

text: Fujiwara no Tadamichi

text: sexagenary cycle

text: Chinese astrological principles

text: Sadaijin

text: Dainagon

text: kugyō

text: Daijō Daijin

text: Ashikaga clan

text: Shimotsuke Province

text: Ninpei

text: Kyūju

text: Emperor of Japan

text: Meiji

text: Daijō-kan

text: Sesshō

text: Daijō-daijin

text: Sadaijin

text: Sadaijin

text: Udaijin

text: Udaijin

text: Nadaijin

text: era name

text: nengō

text: Kōji

text: Ten'yō

text: Kyūan

text: Ninpei

text: Kyūju

text: Emperor of Japan

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past".

text: OCLC 251325323

text: OCLC 164803926

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan".

text: OCLC 194887

text: Titsingh, Isaac

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon".

text: OCLC 5850691

text: Varley, H. Paul

text: OCLC 59145842

categories: Japanese emperors,1155 deaths,12th-century Japanese monarchs,1139 births

paragraph: Emperor Konoe

paragraph: Konoe's reign spanned the years from 1142 through 1155.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his "imina") was Narihito"-shinnō" (体仁親王). He was also known as Tosihito"-shinnō".

paragraph: Emperor Konoe was the eighth son of Emperor Toba. His mother was Fujiwara no Nariko (1117–1160), the wife of Emperor Toba.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kōgō": Fujiwara no Tashi (藤原多子), Tokudaiji Kin'yoshi‘s daughter and Fujiwara no Yorinaga’s adopted daughter. Later married Emperor Nijo and become Emperor Rokujo’s foster mother.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chūgū": Fujiwara no Shimeko (藤原呈子) later Kujō-in (九条院), Fujiwara no Koremichi’s daughter and Fujiwara no Tadamichi’s adopted daughter.

paragraph: Section::::Events of Konoe's life.

paragraph: Konoe was named heir shortly after he was born in 1139; and he was proclaimed emperor at the age of 3.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eiji 1, in the 3rd month (1141): The former emperor Toba accepted the tonsure and became a Buddhist monk at the age of 39 years.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eiji 1, on the 7th day of the 12th month (永治元年; 1141): In the 18th year of Sutoku"-tennō"'s reign (崇徳天皇十八年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession ("senso") was received by a younger brother, the 8th son of former Emperor Toba. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Konoe is said to have acceded to the throne ("sokui").

paragraph: At that time, the "Kampaku" Fujiwara-no Tadamichi became "Sesshō" or regent. The Cloistered Emperor Toba continued to direct all the affairs of government, while the retired Emperor Sutoku had no powers. This conflict resulted in many controversies during Konoe's reign.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kōji 2, in the 1st month (1143): Cloistered Emperor Toba-in, now known by the title "Daijō Hōō" or "Hōō" (太上法皇), visited his mother.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kōji 2, in the 5th month (1143): Konoe passed his days praying at Tōdai-ji and also at the temples on Mount Hiei.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ten'yō gannen or Ten'yō 1, in the 7th month (1145): A comet was sighted in the sky; and for this reason, the name of the "nengō" was changed to "Kyūan".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūan 1, in the 8th month (1145): The mother of former Emperor Sutoku (also known as ""Taikenmon-In"") died.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūan 2, in the 2nd month (1146), Konoe visited Toba-no"-Hōō".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūan 2, in the 12th month (1146), Konoe joined in a celebration honoring "Sesshō" Fujiwara no Tadamichi (the regent) on his 58th birthday. This event was important because, in each sexagenary cycle, the first and the fifty-eighth years were considered to be auspicious according to Chinese astrological principles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūan 4, in the 6th month (1148: The imperial palace was consumed by flames.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūan 6, in the 1st month (1150): Konoe assumed the role of a mature adult; and he married Fujiwara-no Tokoku, who had been raised by "Sadaijin" Yorinaga. Tokoku was the daughter of "Dainagon" Taira-no Kiyomori. This bride became "Kōkōgō" (皇皇后) or first empress.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūan 6, in the 3rd month (1150): Konoe married again, this time to "Feï-si," who had been raised by "Sesshō" Fujiwara-no Tadamichi. She was the daughter of "Dainagon" Fujiwara-no Koremichi. This bride became "Chūgū" (中宮) or second empress. Konoe was so very much enamoured of this second wife that he neglected his first wife, which caused discord in the "kugyō," especially between Tadamichi and Yorinaga.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūan 6, in the 12th month (1150): "Sesshō" Minamoto-no Tadamichi, resigns his position and is named "Daijō Daijin". In this same month, Minamoto-no Yoshikane became head of the Ashikaga clan in Shimotsuke Province.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ninpei 1, in the 1st month (1151): "Sadaijin" Yorinaga was given additional power as ""Naï-ken,"" which gave him the duty and opportunity of reading formal written requests before they should be presented to the emperor. This had been amongst the powers of the "Sesshō" or the "Kampaku." Factions in the court who favored Yorinaga tended to dislike Tadamichi, and they employed any means possible to help elevate Yorinaga's position. However, Yorinaga was himself generally disliked because of his capricious character. his tactics and strategy for enhancing his own prestige were focused primarily on diminishing Tadamichi's role in the court.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ninpei 2, on the 7th day of the 3rd month (1152): Konoe visited the home of Toba-no"-Hōō" to celebrate his father's 50th birthday; and the emperor stayed until the next day, amusing himself with dances and with listening to musical performances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ninpei 3, on the 2nd day of the 1st month (1153): Konoe visited his father's home; and in the same month Taira-no Tadamori, the head of the criminal tribunal, died; and this position was soon filed by his son, Taira-no Kiyomori.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūju gannen or Kyūju 1, in the 5th month (1154): "Udaijin" Minamoto-no Masasada retired from public life to become a priest at age 61. He died several years later.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūju gannen or Kyūju 1, in the 8th month (1154): Fujiwara-no Saneyoshi, Grand General of the Right, was elevated to the role of Grand General of the Left; and the former "Dainagon" Fujiwara-no Kanenaga (aged 17) was elevated to take on the newly vacated role of Grand General of the Right.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūju 2, on the 23rd day of the 7th month (1155): Emperor Konoe died at the age of 17 years without leaving any heirs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kyūju 2, on the 24th day of the 7th month (大同元年; 1155): In the 14th year of Konoe"-tennō"'s reign (近衛天皇14年), the emperor died; and despite an ensuring dispute over who should follow him as sovereign, contemporary scholars then construed that the succession ("enso") was received by a younger brother, the 14th son of former-Emperor Toba. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Shirakawa is said to have acceded to the throne ("sokui").

paragraph: During Konoe's reign, the Enshō (Superiority of Duration) Temple. After this, successive emperors no longer build Imperial-prayer temples.

paragraph: Emperor Konoe's reign lasted for 13 years: 2 years in the "nengō" "Kōji," 1 year in "Ten'yō," 6 years in "Kyūan, " 3 years in "Ninpei," and 2 years in "Kyūju".

paragraph: Section::::Events of Konoe's life.:"Kugyō".

paragraph: In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Konoe's reign, this apex of the "Daijō-kan" included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sesshō", Fujiwara Tadamichi, 1099–1164.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daijō-daijin", Sanjō Saneyuki, 1079–1162.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin", Fujiwara Yorinaga, 1120–1156.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin", Minamoto Arihito, 1103–1147.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Sanjō Saneyuki, 1079–1162.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Minamoto Arihito, 1103–1147.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadaijin", Minamoto Arihito, 1103–1147.

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Konoe's reign.

paragraph: The years of Konoe's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kōji" (1142–1144)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ten'yō" (1144–1145)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kyūan" (1145–1151)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ninpei" (1151–1154)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kyūju" (1154–1156)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past". Berkeley: University of California Press. ; OCLC 251325323

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kitagawa, Hiroshi and Burce T. Tsuchida, ed. (1975). "The Tale of the Heike". Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. OCLC 164803926

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan". Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon". Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

paragraph: BULLET::::- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns". New York: Columbia University Press. ; OCLC 59145842

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Emperor Konoe

wikipedia_title: Emperor Konoe


text:
Emperor Toba
Chrysanthemum Throne
Emperor Takakura
Emperor Go-Shirakawa
Fujiwara clan
Empress
Fujiwara no Ninshi
Kujō Kanezane
Shōshi
Minamoto no Michichika
Emperor Tsuchimikado
Emperor Juntoku
Prince Masanari
Jōkyū War
Enryaku-ji
Ninna-ji
Saiō
Ise Shrine
Saiō
Ise Shrine
Emperor Juntoku
Emperor Chūkyō
Juei
cloistered
sacred treasures
shogunate
Minamoto no Yoritomo
Heian period
Pure Land
Hōnen
Emperor Chūkyō
Kamakura shogunate
Jōkyū War
era
Samurai
Kyoto
Kantō
Hōjō Masako
Kamakura
court
kuge
Go-Horikawa
Oki Islands
calligrapher
archery
equestrianism
swordsmanship
Shin Kokinshū
Waka
Man'yōshū
Kokin Wakashū
working group
utaawase
Fujiwara no Teika
Hyakunin Isshu
Emperor of Japan
Meiji
Daijō-kan
Sesshō
Konoe Motomichi
Sesshō
Sesshō
Kujō Kanezane
Daijō-daijin
Daijō-daijin
Sadaijin
Sadaijin
Sadaijin
Sanjō Sanefusa
Sadaijin
Udaijin
Udaijin
Udaijin
Nadaijin
Nadaijin
Nadaijin
Nadaijin
Nadaijin
Kujō Yoshimichi
Nadaijin
Nadaijin
Dainagon
era name
nengō
Juei
Genryaku
Bunji
Kenkyū
Emperor of Japan
List of Emperors of Japan
Imperial cult
OCLC 251325323
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon
OCLC 194887
Titsingh, Isaac.
Nihon Odai Ichiran
OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul.
OCLC 59145842

categories: 1190s in Japan,Emperor Go-Toba,People of Heian-period Japan,1180s in Japan,1180 births,Japanese rebels,1239 deaths,13th-century Japanese poets,Hyakunin Isshu poets,12th-century Japanese monarchs,People of Kamakura-period Japan,Japanese emperors,13th-century Japanese people

paragraph: Emperor Go-Toba

paragraph: This 12th-century sovereign was named after Emperor Toba, and "go-" (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Toba". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Toba the Second" or as "Toba II".

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his "imina") was . He was also known as Takanari"-shinnō"

paragraph: He was the fourth son of Emperor Takakura, and thus grandson of Emperor Go-Shirakawa. His mother was Bōmon "Shokushi" (坊門殖子) (Empress Dowager Shichijō-in, 七条院), daughter of Bōmon Nobutaka (坊門信隆) of the Fujiwara clan.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.:Consorts and children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress ("chūgū"): "Fujiwara no Ninshi"/Takako (藤原任子) later Gishūmon-in (宜秋門院), Kujō Kanezane‘s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Daughter: Imperial Princess "Shōshi" (昇子内親王) later Shunkamon-in (春華門院, 1195–1211) – unmarried Empress as adopted mother of Emperor Juntoku

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consort: Minamoto no "Zaishi"/Ariko (源在子) later Shomeimon-in (承明門院; 1171–1257), Minamoto no Michichika‘s adopted daughter and priest Nōen‘s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Son: Imperial Prince Tamehito (為仁親王) later Emperor Tsuchimikado

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consort: Fujiwara no Shigeko (藤原重子) later Shumeimon-in (修明門院; 1182–1264), Takakura Norisue‘s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third Son: Imperial Prince Morinari (守成親王) later Emperor Juntoku

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Masanari (雅成親王) (exiled after Jōkyū War)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Priest Sonkai (尊快法親王, 1204–1246) – Head Priest of Enryaku-ji Temple ("Tendai Zasu", 天台座主)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court lady: "Bōmon no Tsubone" (坊門局), Bōmon Nobukiyo‘s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Nagahito (長仁親王, 1196–1249) later Imperial Prince Priest Dōjo (道助法親王), become 8th Head priest of Ninna-ji Temple

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third Daughter: Imperial Princess Reishi (礼子内親王; 1200–1273) later Kayōmon-in (嘉陽門院)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Yorihito (頼仁親王, 1201–1264) (exiled after Jōkyū Incident)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court lady: "Hyōe-no-kami no Tsubone" (兵衛督局), Minamoto no Nobuyasu‘s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Daughter: Imperial Princess "Shukushi" (粛子内親王; b.1196) ("Takatsuji Saigū", 高辻斎宮) – Saiō at Ise Shrine 1199–1210

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court lady: Owari no Tsubone (尾張局, d.1204), priest Kensei‘s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Dōkaku (道覚法親王; 1204–1250) – Head Priest of Enryaku-ji Temple ("Tendai Zasu", 天台座主)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court lady: "Ōmiya no Tsubone" (大宮局), Fujiwara no Sadayoshi‘s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Son'en (尊円法親王; 1207–1231) – Head Priest of Miidera Temple

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gyōetsu (行超) – priest in Emryakuji Temple

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court lady: "Shonagon no Suke" (少納言典侍)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dōshu (道守) – priest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court lady: Kamegiku (亀菊), a dancer (Shirabyōshi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court lady: Taki (滝; d.1265), a dancer (Shirabyōshi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Prince Kakunin (覚仁法親王) (1198–1266) – Head priest of Onjō-ji Temple

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court lady: "Tamba no Tsubone" (丹波局), Ishi (石), a dancer (Shirabyōshi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess Hiroko (煕子内親王, b.1205) – Saiō served at Ise Shrine during the reigns of Emperor Juntoku and Emperor Chūkyō 1215–1221

paragraph: BULLET::::- Court lady: Himehōshi (姫法師), a dancer (Shirabyōshi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kakuyo (覚誉) – priest

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dōi (道伊) – priest in Onjō-ji Temple

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dōen (道縁) – priest in Ninna-ji Temple

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother Unknown:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Prince Ichijo (一条宮、1201-1213）

paragraph: BULLET::::- princess（1202-1207）

paragraph: Section::::Events of Go-Toba's life.

paragraph: Go-Toba took the throne at the age of three.

paragraph: BULLET::::- September 8, 1183 ("Juei 2, 20th day of the 8th month"): In the 3rd year of Antoku"-tennō" 's reign (安徳天皇三年), the emperor fled the capital rather than give in to pressures for his abdication. In Antoku's absence, the cloistered former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa then elevated his young brother by decree; and the young child was given the acceptance of abdication ("juzen") rites. The anti-Taira faction intended that the succession ('‘senso'’) was received; and shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Toba is said to have acceded to the throne ('‘sokui'’).

paragraph: Although these formal rites and ceremonies were taking place in Heian-kyō, the imperial regalia were still held by Antoku. Thus, the "senso" and "sokui" of Go-Toba became the first in history to omit the ritual transmission of the sacred treasures from a sovereign to his successor.

paragraph: In 1192 Go-Shirakawa died and the first shogunate was established by Minamoto no Yoritomo, and the emperor became a figurehead.

paragraph: In 1198, the shōgun forced Go-Toba, who was still in his teens, to abdicate. Two of Go-Toba's sons succeeded him on the throne, but they were each in turn also forced to abdicate.

paragraph: Go-Toba reigned as cloistered Emperor from 1198 till 1221 during reigns of three emperors, but his power was more limited than former cloistered Emperors in the Heian period.

paragraph: It was during this time that Go-Toba decreed that the followers of the Pure Land sect in Kyoto, led by Hōnen, be banished or in some cases executed. Originally this was prompted by complaints of clergy in Kyoto who were concerned about the rise in popularity of the new sect, but Go-Toba personally ordered the decree after two of his ladies in waiting converted to the sect without his knowledge.

paragraph: In 1221, the shōgun installed Go-Toba's three-year-old grandson, Emperor Chūkyō, as emperor, but Go-Toba chose to stage a rebellion in an attempt to reclaim the throne and overthrow the Kamakura shogunate. This is known as the Jōkyū War after the era in which it occurred. Samurai around Kyoto who were against the Shogunate supported him but most of samurai, particularly in Kantō supported the Shogunate with encouragement of Hōjō Masako, the widow of Yoritomo. She persuaded samurai gathering in Kamakura that if they would not support the Shogunate, then the contemporary status and privileges that samurai had attained would be lost, and the court and kuge would regain their power and influence. Go-Toba's rebellion was defeated and Chūkyō was replaced as emperor by Go-Horikawa, a nephew of Go-Toba.

paragraph: After the rebellion Go-Toba was exiled to the Oki Islands. He died and was buried there.

paragraph: Despite the limits on his political powers, he developed skills as a calligrapher, painter, musician, poet, critic, and editor, although the majority of his activities took place after his abdication aged 18 (as the abdication freed him from 'the ceremonial prison of the imperial palace').

paragraph: Besides his enthusiasm for archery, equestrianism, and swordsmanship, Go-Toba was a great lover of swords themselves, and over the course of several years summoned the most talented swordsmiths in the land to his court where they were given honorary titles and invited to teach the emperor their craft. He became a respectable swordsmith himself, and it was his patronage and encouragement of this art that gave birth to Japan's 'Golden Age' of bladesmithing. His contribution to the art is still held in such high esteem, that even today a tradition is maintained in sword literature that he is the first swordsmith to be discussed.

paragraph: His greatest contribution to literature is the Shin Kokinshū (The New Anthology of Ancient and Modern Waka), which Japanese has considered one of three major influential waka anthologies along Man'yōshū and Kokin Wakashū. He ordered its creation and took part in the working group as an editor. He revived the Office of Waka (和歌所) and made it the headquarters of this edition. He held many "utakai" (waka parties) and utaawase (waka competitions). Not only the creator and organizer, he acted as a critic, and wrote the style of waka in general and criticism of his contemporary poets.

paragraph: During his exile, he continued to recite hundreds of waka and to edit both anthologies from his creation in Oki Islands and a private edition of "Shin Kokinshū" for 18 years, getting rid of around 400 wakas from the former edition, while its edition had been officially declared to be completed in 1204, and further elaborations finished even in 1216. While he declared his private edition should be authentic, today the 1216 version is considered as the authentic and others as variants. His edition is today called "Oki-bon Shin Kokinshū" (Oki edition). It is probable that during his exile, he also wrote his "Go-Toba no in gokuden" ("Secret Teachings"), a short work on aesthetic criticism; the "Secret Teachings" are particularly valuable as a major source on Go-Toba's complicated relationships with his former client, the greatest poet of the age – Fujiwara no Teika.

paragraph: One of his 31-syllable poems was chosen by Fujiwara no Teika as Number 99 in the popular anthology "Hyakunin Isshu".

paragraph: Section::::Events of Go-Toba's life.:Non-political activities.:"Kugyō".

paragraph: "Kugyō" (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

paragraph: In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Toba's reign, this apex of the "Daijō-kan" included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sesshō", Konoe Motomichi, 1160–1233.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sesshō", Matsu Morie, 1172–1238.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sesshō", Kujō Kanezane.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daijō-daijin", Kujō Kanezane.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daijō-daijin", Kujō Kanefusa, d. 1217.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin", Ōimikado Tsunemune, 1119–1189.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin", Todaiji Sanesada, 1139–1191.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin", Sanjō Sanefusa, 1147–1225.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin", Ōimikado Yorizane, 1155–1225.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Tokudaiji Sanesada.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Sanjō Sanefusa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin", Ōimikado Yorizane.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadaijin", Matsu Morie.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadaijin", Tokudaiji Sanesada.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadaijin", Konoe Motomichi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadaijin", Kujō Kanefusa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadaijin", Kujō Yoshimichi, 1167–1188.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadaijin", Fujiwara Tudachida, d. 1195.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadaijin", Kujō Yoshitsine, 1169–1206.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dainagon"

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Go-Toba's reign.

paragraph: The years of Go-Toba's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Juei" (1182–1184)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Genryaku" (1184–1185)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bunji" (1185–1190)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kenkyū" (1190–1199)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past." Berkeley: University of California Press. ; OCLC 251325323

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brownlee, John S. (1991). "Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712)." Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brower, Robert H. "Ex-Emperor Go-Toba's Secret Teachings": "Go-Toba no in Gokuden." "Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies," Vol. 32, (1972), pp 5–70.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan." Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Odai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

paragraph: BULLET::::- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns." New York: Columbia University Press. ; OCLC 59145842

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smits, Ivo (1998) "The Poet and the Politician: Teika and the Compilation of the "Shinchokusenshu"" "Monumenta Nipponica" 53(4): pp. 427–472, p. 446

alias:
後鳥羽天皇
Go-Toba-tennō
Emperor Go-Toba
Empereur du Japon Go-Toba Tennō
Emperor of Japan 後鳥羽
Emperor of Japan Gotoba
Gotoba Tennō
Emperor GoToba
Gotoba Jōkō
Gotoba-in

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Go-Toba

wikipedia_title: Emperor Go-Toba