text:
equestrian
cohort
Praetorian Prefect
adlection
Roman Senate
Philip the Arab
Gordian III
Sasanians
Shapur I
cognomen
nomen
praenomen
Severan Dynasty
Oriens
Gallia Lugdunensis
Lyons
cursus
Praefectus
Cohors
Hispania Tarraconensis
Spain
Septimius Severus
Caracalla
Tres militiae
ala
procurator
Procurator
Belgica
Gaul
Germania Inferior
Germania Superior
Arabia Petraea
praeses
legatus
Legio III Cyrenaica
Marcus Opellius Macrinus
Elagabalus
Alemanni
Syria Palaestina
Praetorian Prefecture
Alexander Severus
Julia Avita Mamaea
Maximinus Thrax
Bithynia
Pontus
Paphlagonia
consular
Black Sea
Sea of Azov
Aquileia
Furia Sabinia Tranquillina
Scriptores Historiae Augustae
Sabinianus
Tullus Menophilus
Aquileia
damnatio memoriae
Mauretania
Shapur I
Ardashir
Euphrates
Kingdom of Armenia
Antioch
Oriens
vexillationes
Janus
Pallas Athena
Athena Promachos
Battle of Marathon
Carpi
Balkans
Thracia
Battle of Resaena
Carrhae
Nisbis
Singara
Edessa
Adiabene
Ctesiphon
Valerian
Odenathus
diarrhea
Gaius Julius Priscus
Assyria
Crisis of the Third Century
paideia
humanitas

categories: 3rd-century Romans,People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars,2nd-century Romans,Ancient Roman equites,Praetorian prefects,Year of birth uncertain,243 deaths,Crisis of the Third Century,190 births

paragraph: Gaius Furius Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus (AD 190-243) was an officer of the Roman Imperial government in the first half of Third Century. Most likely of Oriental-Greek origins, he was a Roman citizen, probably of equestrian rank.

paragraph: He began his career in the Imperial Service as the commander of a cohort of auxiliary infantry and rose to become Praetorian Prefect, the highest office in the Imperial hierarchy, with both civilian and military functions. His brilliant career reflected his mastery of contemporary cultural norms and his reputation for administrative competence, but also his ability to access patronage at the highest level. His official life was spent mainly in fiscal postings and he typified the powerful procuratorial functionaries who came to dominate the Imperial government in the second quarter of the Third Century. Nevertheless, as Praetorian Prefect, he also seems to have proved himself more than competent in his military role. Although he was on several occasions appointed to positions that contemporary Administrative Law reserved for officials of senatorial rank, he remained an equestrian until the end: it is possible that he deliberately avoided adlection to the Roman Senate preferring to exercise real power in offices from which senators were excluded. Unlike his successor in the Praetorian Prefecture, Philip the Arab, he did not take advantage of the youth and inexperience of his Imperial master (and son-in-law), Gordian III, to seize the Empire for himself.

paragraph: He either died of illness or was murdered, in the course of a successful campaign against the Sasanians under king Shapur I in Mesopotamia. Upon his death, the war against the Persians that he had directed so masterfully fell almost immediately into disarray to the long-term detriment of the Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Origins and social status.

paragraph: "Timesitheus" is a "cognomen" which suggests that the bearer was ethnically a Greek. However, Timesitheus's "nomen" and "praenomen" (i.e. "Furius Sabinius" and "Gaius" respectively) indicate long-established Roman citizenship and a family that was well-integrated into the élite classes of the Empire although it is otherwise unknown. Such enthusiasm to be associated with the Imperial power was not unknown in the case of ambitious Greek families. His origins could have been anywhere in the eastern provinces where Greek, rather than Latin, was the dominant culture. Somewhere in "Asia" (i.e. the region that roughly coincides with modern Turkey) is a possibility. However, as will be seen, his early career supports the notion that he may have had some connection to the Severan Dynasty, in particular the "Syrian Princesses". This could indicate that his origins were in the "Oriens" - i.e. the modern Levant /Arabia.

paragraph: Despite the obscurity of his family background, his reputation and his achievements suggest that he benefitted from an excellent classical education. His parents were almost certainly wealthy and, most likely, of equestrian status.

paragraph: Section::::Early days.

paragraph: An inscription from a statue set up to honour Timesitheus in "Lugdunum" in the province of "Gallia Lugdunensis" (Lyons, France) charts his "cursus" prior to his appointment as Praetorian Prefect listing the following offices:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Praefectus" "Cohortis I Gallicae" (commander of "Cohors" "I" Gallic (auxiliary) infantry) in the province of "Hispania Tarraconensis" (Mediterranean Spain). Timesitheus held this office either late in the reign of the Emperor Septimius Severus or, under his son, Caracalla. The appointment was a typical first step for an equestrian seeking a career in the Imperial Service under the so-called "Tres militiae" system. Under that system Timesitheus might have been expected to go on to two additional junior military prefectures, firstly of a legionary "cohort" and then of an "ala" (Roman cavalry unit). Only then would most aspiring equestrian functionaries have been considered eligible for appointment as a "procurator" (financial administrator), the usual first step to high office in the Equestrian Service. However, Timesitheus seems to have missed out these two stages in the equestrian "cursus" and is next recorded as the

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Procurator Rationis Privatae" (superintendent of the private properties of the Imperial Family) in the provinces of "Belgica" (north-east Gaul),"Germania Inferior" (the northern section of the Roman-controlled Rhineland) and "Germania Superior" (the southern section of the Roman Rhineland). He probably held this office under Caracalla. This position carried the equestrian rank of "sexagenarius", indicating that he had thus became a member of that class of equestrian functionaries who were paid a nominal salary of 60,000ss/annum; his next recorded appointment was as

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Procurator provinciae Arabiae" (financial administrator of the province of "Arabia Petraea"). With this posting Timesitheus became a "centenarius" (nominal salary 100,000ss/annum). In addition to his procuratorship he also served on two occasions (218 and 222 AD)) as "vice praeses" of the province - i.e., he acted as its governor (in place of a senatorial "legatus"). In this capacity he would have commanded "Legio III Cyrenaica". Timesitheus was "en poste" as acting-governor in 222 AD and may have played a part in the overthrow of the equestrian usurper Marcus Opellius Macrinus in favour of Elagabalus. This service to the Severan dynasty might explain his continued rise under the regime of the "Syrian Princesses" who would certainly have been responsible for his appointment as;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Procurator in urbe Magister XX heredatium" (collector of the one-twentieth - 5% - tax on inheritances in Rome), a post conferring "ducenarius" rank (salary 200.000ss/annum), and, at the same time, "Logista Thymelae" (Superintendent of the Imperial Theatre Properties). The office of "Magister XX heredatium" was an important financial post requiring expert administration. However, as holder of that office and that of "logista" Timesitheus also became a member of the court-circle. That may well have been the main object of the Syrian Princesses in securing him these appointments - to move a man who had proved his loyalty to them into a position where he would be able to exert influence on their behalf in areas well beyond the limits of the job-descriptions pertaining to his specific offices. As far as Timesitheus's career was concerned, his access to Imperial patronage as a "palatinus", or courtier, would have effectively set him above less-favoured "ducenarii" officials in the competition for procuratorial postings; there followed two important appointments which were associated with the two major wars fought by Alexander Severus, first against the renascent Persian Empire (232 AD) and then against the league of German Peoples who were to become known to the Romans as the "Alemanni" (234-5 AD) in which Timesitheus's assorted military and procuratorial competencies would, perhaps, have been particularly useful to the regime. The first of these appointments was as

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Procurator provinciae Syriae Palaestinae ibi Exactor Reliquorum Annonae Sacrae Expeditionis" ("Procurator" of "Syria Palaestina" with particular responsibility for collecting the balance of the taxes-in-kind ("annonae") levied in support of the "Sacred War; and then

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Procurator patrimoni provinciarum Belgica et duarum Germaniarum ibi vice praesidis provinciae Germaniae Inferioris" (Administrator of the Imperial Patrimonial Domains, "viz.", the estates that belonged to the Imperial Office as opposed to the private estates of the Severan Dynasty) in "Belgica" and the two Germanies ("Germania Inferior" and "Germania Superior"). While holding that office he was also made "vice praesidis" (Acting Governor) of "Germania Inferior" - the lower Roman Rhineland - in which capacity he commanded the two legions stationed in that province during Alexander Severus's German war. (To make it possible for Timesitheus to be put in command of these legions while retaining his equestrian status was probably the main object of Julia Mammaea in securing him the procuratorial appointment: it provides yet further evidence of the trust she had in him. Whether or not he actually saw action in that abortive conflict with the Alemanni is unknown.) That Timesitheus remained an equestrian when he might well have been adlected to the senate and, thus, been eligible to be appointed as the praetorian "legatus" of Lower Germany instead of just a "vicar" - i.e., one who acted on behalf of ("vice") such an officer - was probably his choice. It is likely that he had already set his sights on the Praetorian Prefecture which was the most powerful position available to a subject under the Roman polity in the Third Century AD. That object of his ambitions would have been denied him under the prevailing Roman Administrative Law had he become a senator.

paragraph: Section::::An apparent set-back.

paragraph: The mutiny of the army in Germany that resulted in the murder Alexander Severus and his dominating mother, Julia Avita Mamaea, and their replacement by Maximinus Thrax might have been expected to set back the career of a man who had been so closely associated with the Severan Dynasty and with Mamaea herself. However, not only did Timesitheus survive, but his career continued to prosper. Under the new regime he became "Procurator provinciae Bithyniae Ponti Paphlagoniae tam patrimoni quam rationis privatae ibi vice procuratoris XXXX, item vice proco(n)sulis" - i.e. fiscal administrator of the Asiatic Black Sea provinces of "Bithynia", "Pontus", and "Paphlagonia" with particular responsibility for managing the Imperial domains, both patrimonial and private. In addition, he was made acting "procurator" responsible for the collection of the custom duties levied at one-fortieth "ad valorem". As in his previous posting in "Germania" he was also appointed acting proconsul - i.e., governor of these provinces - thus replacing a senatorial appointee (this time of consular status) for whom that office would normally have been reserved. Whatever reservations Maximinus Thrax may have entertained regarding Timesitheus's loyalties, his need for money to finance his German wars obviously did not allow him the luxury of foregoing the financial and administrative expertise the man could bring to his government of the Empire. (At the time - "viz.", before the assaults on this region mounted by barbarians from the lands to the north of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov that were to characterise the middle years of the Third Century - the provinces given over to Timesitheus's care were among the richest in the Roman world). However, it may be indicative of the emperor's reservations that, whereas in Germany Timesitheus had commanded two legions, he now had none, "Asia" consisting of "provinciae inermes" - i.e., provinces where there were no Imperial troops permanently in garrison.

paragraph: Section::::Another set-back ..?

paragraph: The mutiny of his army at "Aquileia" that brought an end to the regime of Maximinus Thrax also ended Timesitheus's term as the governor of "Asia". However, he was soon employed again, this time as "procurator provinciarum Lugdunensis et Aquitainicae " - i.e. "procurator" of the two largest Gallic provinces: it would seem that he retained powerful friends in Rome despite his willingness to enter into accommodation with the military tyrant that the Senate had successfully faced down and that his administrative talents were too useful to be gainsaid. Admittedly, on this occasion he was not made an acting-governor; indeed, while "procurator" of "Lugdunensis" and "Aquitainica" he was, nominally at least, demoted to the rank of "ducenarius". It could be that influential senators—who mistrusted equestrians who got above their social station and particularly resented brilliant high-fliers such as Timesitheus—may have intended this downgrade of his official ranking as a snub. As already intimated, however, Timesitheus is unlikely to have been either disturbed or impressed.

paragraph: Section::::... turned to advantage.

paragraph: Timesitheus seems to have used his position in the government of the Gauls to cultivate the leaders of Gallic society. The Lyons Inscription (already mentioned) refers to him as "optimus patronus" (i.e. Best of Patrons) which implies that when his term of office came to an end he returned to Rome as an ambassador representing the interests the Gallic provinces. This would have facilitated his renewed access to the Imperial Court. As already indicated, Timesitheus was much admired for his culture and learning - for which much could be forgiven in Roman Society - and his rhetorical prowess no doubt did much to restore his reputation and influence with senior courtiers and senators who were dominant in Imperial politics in the early years of the reign of Gordian III.

paragraph: So complete was his return to favour that, not long after his return to the City, he succeeded in marrying his daughter, Furia Sabinia Tranquillina, to Gordian, and was afterwards appointed his Praetorian Prefect, probably the consummation of his life's ambition. It has been suggested that the appointment of her father as his first minister and senior general was the Emperor's wedding-present to his young bride: there is no reason to suppose that Timesitheus had to serve terms in any of the other great Equestrian Offices of the Imperial Service (i.e. the Watch, the Corn Supply and the Government of Egypt) often regarded as necessary precursors to the Praetorian Prefecture before this appointment was bestowed upon him.

paragraph: Section::::Reputation as Praetorian Prefect.

paragraph: Timesitheus served as Praetorian Prefect for some three years from 241 until his death in 243. The only narrative source on his term of office is the Scriptores Historiae Augustae ("SHA") and, as already noted, the author of the "Vita Tres Gordiani" could hardly have been more fulsome in singing his praises, both as the father-in-law of the young emperor and as the protector of the Empire. This generous assessment is supported by two citations of supposed correspondence between Timesitheus and Gordian (probably invented) and a number of "topoi" familiarly used in Latin historiography to define a worthy servant of the state - i.e. a crackdown on sale of offices by members of the "palatini", care for the defence of the frontiers and exemplary behaviour in his capacity as commander of the Praetorian Guard. The favourable view of Timesitheus's term of office entertained by the "SHA" is not challenged by modern scholars - although the inadequacy of the data is acknowledged.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements in office.

paragraph: Much of the first two years of Timesitheus's prefecture seems to have been spent producing a stable environment in which government of any sort could be carried on. His main means to this end seems to have been strengthening the authority of the Praetorian Prefecture—his own office—and to move equestrians with a fiscal background, such as himself, into positions of power. The main effect of his manoeuvering seems to have been to ensure that the kind of men who had carried on the government under Alexander Severus were restored to effective office.

paragraph: The principal challenges to his conduct of affairs seem to have been posed by senators such as Sabinianus, the governor of Africa Proconsularis, whose revolt had to be put down by the equestrian governor of Mauretania, and Tullus Menophilus, the hero of the Siege of Aquileia. The latter was executed in 241 for reasons not properly understood and to have suffered the further penalty of "damnatio memoriae" - i.e., formal obliteration of his name from the historical record.

paragraph: Details of Timesitheus' policies and achievements as the (probable) "de facto" ruler of the Empire during the reign of his son-in-law are sparse. There is evidence of substantial road repairs undertaken in many parts of the Roman World which would have been of economic and strategic significance. Monuments were restored in major cities which might have lifted civilian morale as well as providing employment for sculptors, stonemasons etc. It also seems that there was a thoroughgoing adjustment of the African frontier. It is not possible to tell how far such measures reflected policy guidelines issued by Timesitheus' office to provincial authorities, still less what detailed planning was carried out there. The most that can be said with any confidence is that he does not seem to have stood in the way of functionaries, such as the "procurator" of Mauretania, who conceived and drove forward such works.

paragraph: Section::::The Persian menace.

paragraph: His main concern as the Emperor's principal minister and adviser was in dealing with the threat to the oriental provinces posed by the renascent power of Persia under one of its most effective "Kings of Kings", Shapur I.

paragraph: Shapur's ambitions when he succeeded his father Ardashir in 240 were no doubt inflated by his initial successes, but there also seems no doubt that he was determined to: (i) secure strategic control of the minor states of eastern Mesopotamia that controlled access to Roman Syria across the eastern desert frontier west of the River Euphrates; and (ii) replace Rome as the hegemonic power in the Kingdom of Armenia. During the reign of Maximinus, Rome had suffered the loss of considerable territories in Mesopotamia to Ardashir which the Roman Emperor had been unable to prevent or avenge because of his internal distractions: on his accession, Shapur renewed the onslaught, capturing more of the Mesopotamian fortresses and penetrating Syria itself, where Antioch, the capital of the Roman east, may have come under threat. More seriously, perhaps, the confidence of Rome's governing elite that the Empire was capable of seeing off the Persian threat to the Oriens was seriously undermined.

paragraph: In the first two years of his prefecture, Timesitheus was not able to give his attention to the threat to Rome's territories in the east posed by Shapur, but in 242 he began to organise a response appropriate to the magnitude of the crisis. Under his supervision, a powerful army was put together consisting of "vexillationes" from the garrisons of the Rhine and Danube provinces. This expeditionary force seems to have been very well-equipped and financed. Neither did Timesitheus neglect the issue of morale. For the last time in recorded history, war was declared with traditional Roman formalities from the temple of Janus. More significantly, before he left Rome with the Emperor, Timesitheus addressed the concerns of the Greek east by holding games in honour of Pallas Athena in her capacity as "Athena Promachos" - Aθηνᾶ Πρόμαχος (Athena Who-Fights-In-The-Frontline) - the patron goddess of Athens credited with saving Greece from Persia at the time of the Battle of Marathon. The object of this latter exercise was probably to reaffirm the role of Rome under the Emperor Gordian as the heir of Athens in securing the Greek world from Persian domination.

paragraph: The removal of so many seasoned troops from their Rhine and Danube stations encouraged an assault across the lower Danube by the Carpi and other northern barbarians. However, Timesitheus, "en route" to the east through the Balkans, inflicted a serious defeat on the invaders in Thracia. He seems then to have followed the usual practice of Roman commanders after victories over barbarian peoples of obliging the defeated to provide contingents of troops. Such measures were intended not only to reinforce his army, but also to remove those restless young men who might have been disposed to make more trouble in its absence.

paragraph: On arriving in the theatre of operations he seems to have mounted a highly successful campaign against the Persians in Mesopotamia, inflicting a crushing defeat on them at the Battle of Resaena (Ras-al Ayn, Syria). This enabled the Romans to recover all their main positions in Mesopotamia, including Carrhae, Nisbis and Singara and restore their colony at Edessa in Adiabene. The SHA suggests that it was Timesitheus' intention to follow up this success by advancing on the Persian western capital at Ctesiphon. His death meant that Shapur never had to face a powerful, well-equipped Roman army, led by a first-class general and not distracted by other enemies (as in the case of Valerian in 260) until he encountered Odenathus of Palmyra.

paragraph: Section::::The death of Timesitheus.

paragraph: Before the projected campaign to capture Ctesiphon could get underway, Timesitheus died in obscure circumstances. The "SHA" asserts that Timesitheus was suffering from an attack of diarrhea and that Marcus Julius Philippus (Philip the Arab) succeeded in having his medication doctored, thus fatally inflaming the symptoms of his illness. This account is not found in the Greek sources and is not now generally accepted in academe. However, Philip the Arab and his brother, Gaius Julius Priscus, Timesitheus's co-Praetorian Prefect, were the chief beneficiaries of Timesitheus's death.

paragraph: Following the removal of Timesitheus's presiding genius, the organisation of the campaign - presumably now under Priscus, who succeeded him - fell into disarray. The "Augustan History's" assertion that Philip (who was promoted to the Praetorian Prefecture in tandem with his brother), deliberately contrived to starve the army of supplies in order to undermine the authority of Gordian may or may not be true, but the decision of the brothers to pursue the attack down the River Euphrates at the turn of 243/4, at the height of the Assyrian rainy season, seems to demonstrate a lack of strategic insight that invited disaster. Whatever its cause, the death of Timesitheus put in motion a series of events that deprived the Roman Empire of what was probably its best chance of quashing the pretensions of the Persian monarchy before it became fully established.

paragraph: Section::::Summation.

paragraph: Timesitheus's historical significance is that in the period when the provisions of Roman administrative law that formally reserved the government of key Imperial provinces for members of the Senatorial order were being increasingly set aside and specialists of equestrian rank brought to the fore, he was one of the foremost examples of the new type of functionary. In his day such officials tended to be particularly expert in fiscal administration, reflecting the Imperial government's urgent need for additional revenues to support the cost of the army reforms introduced by Septimius Severus and Caracalla. However, within a very short time, as the Crisis of the Third Century gathered momentum, the equestrian officers being appointed "vice" senatorial magistrates in regions at particular risk tended to be professional soldiers than those who had made their way in the procuratorial branches of the Imperial Service. It would appear that Timesitheus combined fiscal expertise of a high order with considerable military competence which probably assisted his advancement. However, it was almost certainly his fiscal capabilities - together with the powerful court-connections that were essential to success at the highest level of the Imperial Service - that supplied the chief underpinning of his career.

paragraph: He had the reputation in antiquity of being highly cultured, fluent in both Latin and Greek, an exemplar of the virtue of "παιδεία" ("paideia") (in Latin, "humanitas"), the essential quality of a fully developed human being. (The "SHA" notes as mark of "virtus" that he corresponded with his son-in-law in Greek.) This, combined with administrative and military competencies of a high order, rendered Timesitheus the perfect Imperial functionary in the eyes of his contemporaries. These attributes enabled him to survive the violent removal of three emperors and continue to flourish as an indispensable, if not always wholly trusted, servant of the state.

paragraph: His career bears witness to his rare appreciation of where real power lay in the Roman polity and also of the opportunities that prevailing circumstances were opening up for men of equestrian origins such as himself to share in that power. However, it also suggests that he realized the likely limitations that the social compact still imposed on men originating from outside the charmed circle of the Senatorial order. It would seem that, having made this analysis, he pursued the exercise of real power with a single-minded diligence as an equestrian. Within the constraints of the Imperial System of government, he seems to have been a highly effective statesman and administrator. It is possible that his premature death (however that came about) deprived Rome of the services of a statesman and a general who might have saved the Empire from the humiliations that were to be inflicted on it by Shapur I.

paragraph: Section::::WORKS CITED.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Zonaras

description: Ancient Roman equite


text:
Anglo-Saxon England
Ely Abbey
Ramsey Abbey
a piece
True Cross
Eadnoth
Abbot of Ramsey
Bishop of Dorchester
abbess
Chatteris
nunnery
the Fens
Danelaw
Isle of Ely
Chatteris
Haddenham
Huntingdonshire
Bedfordshire
Norfolk
Lincolnshire
Liber Eliensis
monastery of Ely
a piece
True Cross
Ramsey Abbey
relic
Oswald
Bishop of Worcester
Archbishop of York
Eadnoth
Ælfwaru
fishery
Abbot of Ramsey
Bishop of Dorchester
St Ives
Ramsey Abbey

categories: People from Ely, Cambridgeshire,10th-century English people,Anglo-Saxon people,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Æthelstan Mannessune

paragraph: Æthelstan Mannessune (died c. 986) was a landowner and monastic patron in late 10th-century Anglo-Saxon England, coming from a family of secularised priests. Remembered by Ely Abbey as an enemy, he and his family endowed Ramsey Abbey and allegedly provided it with a piece of the True Cross. His children became important in their own right, one of them, Eadnoth, becoming Abbot of Ramsey and Bishop of Dorchester, and another becoming abbess of Chatteris nunnery.

paragraph: Section::::Origins and reputation.

paragraph: Æthelstan came from a family of secularised priests in the Fens of the eastern Danelaw. He seems to have come from the Isle of Ely. His father, Manne, had owned land at Chatteris and Wold, both on Ely, while the "Libellus Æthelwoldi Episcopi" ("Little Book of Bishop Æthelwold") associated a priest named Manne with land at Haddenham, a place only a few miles distant. Æthelstan's recorded lands lay in Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire and Bedfordshire, with "outlying" [Hart] estates in Norfolk and Lincolnshire.

paragraph: Æthelstan's reputation in church literature was varied. According to the "Liber Eliensis" he gave protection to a priest named Æthelstan in return for a payment of two marks after that priest had seized land from the monastery of Ely. According to the "Liber Benefactorum Ecclesiae Ramesiensis", he donated a piece of the True Cross to Ramsey Abbey, though the "Liber" provides no information as to how Æthelstan acquired such a valuable relic.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: According to the "Liber Benefactorum", Æthelstan was married to a kinswoman of Oswald, one time Bishop of Worcester and Archbishop of York. He had two sons named Godric (died 1013) and Eadnoth (died 1016), and two daughters named Ælfwaru (died 1007) and Ælfwyn. It is possible that a woman named Ælfae was also his daughter, though this is uncertain. Godric, Ælfwaru and Ælfwyn (as well as Ælfae) all inherited estates from Æthelstan in addition to a fishery, while Eadnoth became a monk at Worcester, before becoming Abbot of Ramsey and Bishop of Dorchester. After Eadnoth founded a nunnery on his family lands at Chatteris, his younger sister Ælfwyn became abbess. In 1007 Chatteris nunnery received the lands of Over and Barley, following the death of their sister Ælfwaru.

paragraph: Æthelstan seems to have died on 14 June 986. Subsequently his widow agreed to pass her manor of "Slepe" (what would become St Ives) to Ramsey Abbey, even though her late husband had left this to their daughter Ælfwyn. This led to a dispute as Æthelstan Mannessune's own kinsman, a priest named Osweard, claimed this inheritance, and even though Ramsey kept the land, the agreement they came to between 992 and 1006 involved handing two estates over to Osweard's son.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , originally published in

description: Landowner, monastic patron

wikidata_label: Æthelstan Mannessune

wikipedia_title: Æthelstan Mannessune


text:
Canadian
survival expert
professor emeritus
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
Quebec
Lake Huron
Ontario
George Brown College
Jewish
summer camp
baker
mathematics
physical education
University of Toronto
Thornhill, Ontario
Masters Degree
PhD
University of Northern Colorado
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
physical education
Mario Bilodeau
cigarette
smoking
Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi
Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi
La Presse
dry food
Quebecor Media
German Shepherd
James Bay
Ottawa Sun
Guinness World Record
Dundurn Group
Les Stroud
Canadian
Radio Canada
Profiles of Nature
Canadian
wildlife documentary

categories: Survivalists,Canadian non-fiction writers,Writers from Quebec,Université du Québec faculty,Living people

paragraph: André-François Bourbeau

paragraph: Andre-Francois Bourbeau is a noted Canadian survival expert and professor emeritus at the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi.

paragraph: Bourbeau co-founded the survival skills Outdoor Adventure Program (also called the Outdoors Pursuits and Adventure Tourism Program ) at that university and taught there for more than 30 years. The students at the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi have affectionately given Bourbeau the nickname "Doc Survival" due to his skills.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bourbeau was born in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu in Quebec, and raised in the 200-person village of Spragge north of Lake Huron in central Ontario. He is the eldest son of Georges Bourbeau and Gertrude Bourbeau. Georges Bourbeau was a culinary professor and placement officer at the Provincial Institute of Trade (now George Brown College). Georges Bourbeau founded a meal-services business called G.B. Catering in 1969 (still in business today), catering initially to Camp Shalom, a Jewish children's summer camp. Gertrude was a professional baker.

paragraph: Bourbeau started traveling with his father's catering business for summer camps as dishwasher and assistant cook, and became noted for eating unfamiliar berries, plants and roots and acting out survivalist scenarios with little or no food or tools at this young age. He completed a B.A. in mathematics and physical education at the University of Toronto. In the 1970s, Bourbeau taught at a high school in Thornhill, Ontario.

paragraph: Bourbeau then completed a Masters Degree in outdoors education and a PhD in survival education (completed 1981) at the University of Northern Colorado in the school of educational change and development.

paragraph: Bourbeau then took a faculty position at the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, initially intending only to stay for a short time, but he "fell in love with the rugged Saguenay region, with its 15 whitewater rivers nearby and ample opportunities for living in the bush". As a professor, Bourbeau launched an undergraduate program in outdoor leadership at the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi in 1995, with physical education professor Mario Bilodeau. Bilodeau described their close relationship as tag team of different personalities, saying that "André-François was a bulldozer who broke down doors, and I was a carpenter who fixed them." Bourbeau was also noted for being strongly opposed to cigarette smoking from the very start of his career at Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi.

paragraph: This outdoor education program at the Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi and Bourbeau himself were cited favorably by Henderson and Potter in their 2001 review of outdoor adventure education programs in Canada; Bourbeau's program was described positively as an example of a program that teaches "primitive wilderness survival" with minimal dependence on modern materials and tools that fosters a greater sense of connectedness to nature and uses less expensive methods (most Canadian programs use relatively modern equipment).

paragraph: Bourbeau and Bilodeau both retired in 2011. Upon Bourbeau's retirement on August 1, 2011, he was profiled in La Presse (on June 26, 2011) as a pioneer of outdoors education and teacher to dozens of students.

paragraph: Bourbeau also developed a packaged dry food system for his father's G.B. Catering food services company, called the "G.B. Tripping System" in the late 1970s.

paragraph: November 2013, Bourbeau was interviewed by QMI Agency (Quebecor Media) as a survival expert, discussing the situation of Marco Lavoie, an outdoorsman and hiker who survived a bear attack and decided to sacrifice and eat his German Shepherd after surviving for 3 months in the wilderness near James Bay. Bourbeau said that Lavoie survived because he made "good decisions" and that sacrificing his pet was one of those decisions. Bourbeau told the Ottawa Sun on October 31, 2013 that Lavoie's hope in a friend (who was informed of Lavoie's planned date of return to civilization) also played an important role in his survival.

paragraph: Section::::Guinness World Record.

paragraph: Bourbeau is noted for holding the Guinness World Record for longest voluntary wilderness survival of 31 days, a record he has held for nearly 30 years since 1986. Since then, many people surpassed that record. Most of which where part of ALONE. Zachary Fowler survived 87 days. Over 50% of the participants in ALONE surpassed the 31 days.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: Bourbeau is the author of four books on wilderness survival. These include "Le Surviethon : Vingt-cinq ans plus tard", published in 2011 by JCL

paragraph: Bourbeau is the also the author of "Wilderness Secrets Revealed: Adventures of a Survivor", a wilderness survival book published in 2013 by Dundurn Group that describes his lifetime of survival adventures since his childhood frog-hunting and canoeing with his father. This book's foreword is written by a colleague of Bourbeau's, Les Stroud, a noted Canadian survival expert in his own right.

paragraph: Boubeau was interviewed by Radio Canada as a noted survival expert twice, in November 2013 on its Breakaway program concerning this book, concerning his world record, and concerning Marc Lavoie's situation (described above). and in September 2013 about his canoe research.

paragraph: Section::::"Profiles of Nature" episode.

paragraph: Bourbeau's survival teachings and his successful world record attempt are the subject of an episode of "Profiles of Nature", a Canadian wildlife documentary television series.

paragraph: This episode won a bronze medal at the Houston International Film Festival.

description: Canadian survivalist

wikidata_label: André-François Bourbeau

wikipedia_title: André-François Bourbeau


text:
Front Porch Country Band
U.S. Army
Confederate Railroad
Hank Williams III
David Lee Murphy
Ricochet
Jeff Carson
Mel McDaniel
Chely Wright
Steve Wariner
Eddie Van Halen
John Anderson
US. China Foundation
Conman Radio
Randy Travis
BMI

categories: American country singer-songwriters,Living people

paragraph: Johnny Jolin

paragraph: Johnny Jolin (born October 17, 1964 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania) is a notable American country music artist best known as the frontman of the critically acclaimed Johnny Jolin Band, being the lead vocalist for Country/Folk group The Front Porch Country Band and in 2011 by his Top-Ten hit single "Thank God."

paragraph: His career began after winning a talent search competition during his ten years of service in the U.S. Army. Before reaching “head-liner” status he spent his early days opening for many popular Nashville recordings artists of the 1990s including Confederate Railroad, Hank Williams III, David Lee Murphy, Ricochet, Jeff Carson, Mel McDaniel, Chely Wright and Steve Wariner. Hank Williams III deemed Jolin “The Eddie Van Halen of Country Music” because of his blend of guitar solos and country classics which also garnered him the title "Rockin' Rollin' Johnny Jolin". He is known for his “raw, edgy vocal” and is sometimes compared to Country Music great John Anderson.

paragraph: In April, 2004 Johnny was invited by the US. China Foundation to do a two-week tour of Mainland China as front man of The Front Porch Country Band.

paragraph: After heavy east coast touring Jolin began receiving regional country radio airplay which led to his popular self-penned live songs “Girl Like That” and “Bedroom Eyes” getting picked up by nationally syndicated Conman Radio. "Girl Like That" and "Bedroom Eyes" were co-written with Cal Phillips.

paragraph: On May 10, 2010 Johnny Jolin and the Front Porch Country Band opened for Randy Travis.

paragraph: On June 17, 2010 Johnny Jolin signed with Nashville's LWM Records. The label's website states: "LWM Records is a co-venture between Living Wills Music (BMI) and country music star Johnny Jolin."

paragraph: On April 9, 2011 he released his LWM Records debut single “Thank God” to radio. The single climbed the Christian Country Top 100 for 6-months before peaking at No. 6 in November, 2011. "Thank God" was written by Nashville songwriter Andrew Scott Wills.

paragraph: LWM Records released Johnny Jolin's "Thank God" follow-up single to iTunes and Country radio on November 11, 2011 titled "Tell That To God." The single peaked at No. 29 and was written by Nashville writers Chad Tyler and Andrew Scott Wills.

paragraph: On Saturday, June 9, 2012 LWM Records announced Jolin would release a new single titled "Valley of the Shadow" deeming Tuesday June 12, 2012 the release date.

paragraph: On Monday, August 20, 2012 Johnny Jolin announced on Facebook, Twitter and his official website that he was "retiring from playing music live as Johnny Jolin or in any other form" upon the grounds that God had convicted him of pride.

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Johnny Jolin

wikipedia_title: Johnny Jolin


text: Philip II

text: Philip III

text: King Sebastian I of Portugal.

text: Portuguese succession crisis of 1580

text: Philip II of Spain

text: Pedro Nunes

text: Juan de Herrera

text: Felix Lope de Vega

text: Miguel de Cervantes

text: Tomás de Orta

text: Philip III of Spain

text: Order of Christ

text: Philip IV of Spain

text: Euclid

text: Kwaaihoek

text: South Africa

text: Pedro Teixeira Albernaz

text: astrolabe

text: quadrants

text: compasses

text: João de Barros

categories: 1624 deaths,1550 births,Portuguese geographers

paragraph: João Baptista Lavanha

paragraph: João Baptista Lavanha (c. 1550 -31 March 1624) was a Portuguese cartographer, mathematician and geographer in the service of the Spanish kings Philip II and Philip III.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Lavanha was born in the middle of 16 century. His parents were Luís de Lavanha, a gentleman of the Court and Jerónima Dança, who were of Jewish descent. Little is known about his childhood and youth. It is believed that he completed his studies in Rome. He was professor of mathematics of King Sebastian I of Portugal.

paragraph: At the time of the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580, Philip II of Spain sent troops under the command of Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba to subdue Portugal. Philip II understood that navigation studies were more advanced in Portugal than in Spain. To correct this situation, he closed the Paço da Ribeira School, founded by Pedro Nunes in Lisbon which was in charge of the "Mathematical Lessons and Cosmography" and transferred it to Madrid to establish the "Academy of Mathematics and Architecture", named Juan de Herrera as director and hired Lavanha as its first teacher in 1582. He began his classes on 1 January 1583. This institution had as students the playwright Felix Lope de Vega and the writer Miguel de Cervantes.

paragraph: Lavanha was appointed on 4 November 1586 by the King to the newly created post of Master Engineer of the Kingdom of Portugal, holding teaching duties at the Academy of Mathematics and Architecture in Madrid.

paragraph: Faced with the illness of Tomás de Orta, he began to serve as the Royal Chief Cosmographer of the Kingdom from 13 February 1591, a position for which he was officially appointed in 1596.

paragraph: Having lived in Lisbon until 1599, he returned to Madrid, from where he went to Flanders until 1601 in the service of Philip III of Spain. In 1604 he was in Valladolid, from where he departed in 1606 for the execution of major hydraulic works along the Douro River.

paragraph: In 1609, he received the habit of the Order of Christ, and the questions derived from his Jewish origin were solved by the direct intervention of the sovereign on 10 April 1607.

paragraph: In 1610, Lavanha began collecting geographic data that allowed him to elaborate in 1615 a map of the province of Aragon. Its detailing was such that his representation lasted until the end of the eighteenth century.

paragraph: In 1613 he was occupied in the works of water supply to the city of Lisbon and was also appointed as master of Mathematics of the prince and future Philip IV of Spain.

paragraph: He was named Chief Chronicler of the Kingdom of Portugal on 9 March 1618.

paragraph: He married Leonarda de Mesquita, with whom he had six children.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Lavanha was the author of works as diverse as a translation of Euclid, the "Nautical Regiment" (1595), where he presents rules for the determination of latitude and tables of declination of the Sun, the "wreck of the "Santo Alberto", captained by Julião de Faria Cerveira, off 'Penedo das Fontes' (Kwaaihoek, South Africa) in 1593" (1597), the "First Book of Naval Architecture" (c. 1608), currently in the Library of the Royal Academy of History of Madrid, the "Compendium of Affairs of Spain and Description of the Universe", and unpublished as the "Art of Navigating", the "Treaty of Gnomonics" and finally the "Treaty of the Astrolabe", a copy of which is in the Library of the Astronomical Observatory of Coimbra.

paragraph: He was master of Pedro Teixeira Albernaz, with whom he worked in several cartographic works. He also worked in the making of nautical instruments, such as astrolabes, quadrants and compasses.

paragraph: At the request of his heirs, he edited and compiled João de Barros' scattered manuscript into the fourth volume of the "Decades of Asia" and published it in Madrid in 1615.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barata, J. O., "Livro Primeiro da Architectura Naval de João Baptista Lavanha". in: "Ethnos", vol. IV, Lisboa, 1965.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cortesão, Armando. "Cartografia e cartógrafos portugueses dos séculos XV e XVII (2v.)". Lisboa: 1935. v. II, p. 294-361.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perez Sanchez, J. A., "Monografía sobre João Baptista Lavanha". Madrid: Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 1934.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- João Baptista Lavanha – Nautical Archaeology Program, Texas A&M University

description: Portuguese mathematician and engineer

wikidata_label: João Baptista Lavanha

wikipedia_title: João Baptista Lavanha


text:
materialist
nom-de-plume
Spinoza
Leibniz
theology
nobility
monarchy
Christian Thomasius
Leipzig
Socrates
Halle
libertine
Berlin
Vienna
Hamburg
Herzog August Library
Wolfenbüttel
Aristotle
soul
Johann Joachim Lange
Göttingen
Aristotle
Galen
Ptolemy
Nicolaus Hieronymus Gundling
Descartes
metaphysical
Hugo Grotius
Thomas Hobbes
Niccolò Machiavelli
Enlightenment
Jonathan Israel
Baruch Spinoza
Christian Thomasius
Matthias Knutzen
Nicolaus Hieronymus Gundling
René Descartes
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Jonathan Israel
Eclecticism

categories: Rationalists,Materialism,Leipzig University alumni,Enlightenment philosophers,Metaphysicians,18th-century German philosophers,1717 deaths,German male writers,Early Modern philosophers,1660 births,People from the Electorate of Saxony,Philosophers of religion,17th-century German writers,17th-century German philosophers

paragraph: Gabriel Wagner

paragraph: Gabriel Wagner (c. 1660 – c. 1717) was a radical German philosopher and materialist who wrote under the nom-de-plume Realis de Vienna. A follower of Spinoza and acquaintance of Leibniz, Wagner did not believe that the universe or bible were divine creations, and sought to extricate philosophy and science from the influence of theology. Wagner also held radical political views critical of the nobility and monarchy. After failing to establish lasting careers in cities throughout German-speaking Europe, Wagner died in or shortly after 1717.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Wagner studied under scholar Christian Thomasius in Leipzig, and in 1691 published a philosophical tract critical of Thomasius, "Discourse and doubts in Christ: a Thomasian introduction to courtly philosophy." The tract satirically dubbed Thomasius the "German Socrates" and attracted attention within philosophical circles, including from Leibniz, who sought to contact Wagner. In the same year, after a dispute over rent, Wagner was expelled from university and imprisoned. Following his release, Wagner traveled in 1693 to Halle, where as a result of his increasingly libertine views he wholly broke with Thomasius, who by contrast was becoming more conservative. Moving to Berlin later in 1693 and then to Vienna, Wagner was in 1696 given a temporary position in Hamburg, which he lost due to his novel and sometimes polemical philosophical positions.

paragraph: Receiving support from Leibniz, Wagner worked for a time at the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel; and maintained his contact with Leibniz. Leibniz wrote to Wagner in 1696, describing his admiration for Aristotle and opposing contemporary attacks on him, despite his view that Aristotle had discovered only a small portion of the discipline.

paragraph: Opposing his former mentor Thomasius' belief in the soul, Wagner published another text in 1707, "Critique of Thomasian views on the nature of the soul." Theologian Johann Joachim Lange accused Wagner of Spinozist sympathies in 1710, and Wagner replied to these criticisms in the same year.

paragraph: The last record of Wagner is found in Göttingen in 1717, where he came into conflict with historian of philosophy Christoph August Heumann. Wagner presumably died shortly thereafter.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.

paragraph: Wagner believed that both education and philosophy should be modernized and focus on mathematics, physics and medicine, but not theology. In this regard he held that Germany had made more progress, while French, Italian and Spanish thinkers were overly influenced by followers of Aristotle, Galen and Ptolemy. Believing in intellectual freedom, Wagner was an admirer of German philosopher and professor Nicolaus Hieronymus Gundling, who favored "atheistic" classical Greek philosophy.

paragraph: As articulated in his 1707 critique of Thomasius, Wagner did not believe in a soul, in divine providence, in the divinity of the bible, or in divine creation. He instead advocated reason, the most "godly" aspect of humankind, as a means of eradicating superstition. Wagner therefore celebrated advances in science facilitated by Descartes and even considered himself a Cartesian, though he disagreed with the latter's Christian metaphysical beliefs and even sought to undermine them. Deeply influenced by Spinoza, Wagner placed even greater emphasis on the importance of experimentation and empiricism in developing knowledge.

paragraph: Wagner held radical political beliefs, advocating a restructuring of society according to more egalitarian principles and advocating greater emphasis on administration, education and culture. Reform of educational institutions was a particular concern of his writing. Wagner contested that aristocracy by birth was inferior to intellectual achievement. He also believed that Germany's fragmentary political system resulted in a weak and mismanaged government. In these beliefs Wagner was influenced by but disagreed with political thinkers such as Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes and Niccolò Machiavelli. Much of Wagner's political and philosophical system was oriented, ultimately, towards securing religious, intellectual, and personal freedom, a project of the Enlightenment as a whole.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Wagner is known for his longstanding correspondence with Leibniz, and his erudition and innovative understanding of philosophy and natural sciences during his time, according to historian Cornelio Fabro.

paragraph: Historian Jonathan Israel writes that Wagner is an important materialist philosopher of the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and an example of both radical philosophy and atheism produced by the growing university system of the period. Historian Frederick Beiser writes that Wagner and his fellow materialists in Germany, though they were less numerous than those found in France and England, developed mechanistic explanations for human behavior and raised fears of spreading religious skepticism.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baruch Spinoza

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christian Thomasius

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthias Knutzen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolaus Hieronymus Gundling

paragraph: BULLET::::- René Descartes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jonathan Israel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eclecticism

description: German philosopher

wikidata_label: Gabriel Wagner

wikipedia_title: Gabriel Wagner


text: American football

text: running back

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: National Football League

text: college football

text: Boise State

text: San Bernardino High School

text: San Bernardino, California

text: touchdowns

text: Boise State University

text: 2019 NFL Draft

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: 2019 NFL Draft

text: Boise State Broncos bio

categories: Players of American football from California,1998 births,Boise State Broncos football players,Sportspeople from San Bernardino, California,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Alexander Mattison

paragraph: Alexander “Alex” Mattison (born June 19, 1998) is an American football running back for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Boise State.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Mattison attended San Bernardino High School in San Bernardino, California. He rushed for 2,017 yards and 26 touchdowns as a junior and 2,057 yards and 22 touchdowns as a senior in 2015. He committed to Boise State University to play college football.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: As a true freshman at Boise State in 2016, Mattison appeared in all 13 games and had 328 yards on 67 carries with four touchdowns. As a sophomore he played in all 14 games, rushing for 1,086 yards on 212 carries and 12 touchdowns. As a junior in 2018, he rushed for 1,415 yards on 302 carries with 17 touchdowns in 13 games. He was the Offensive MVP of the 2018 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game after rushing for 200 yards and a touchdown.

paragraph: After the season, Mattison entered the 2019 NFL Draft. He cited his reason that "You can only play as long as your body lets you, and at this position, you can't assume it'll last forever." Mattison didn't miss a game in his college career despite needing offseason surgeries on his shoulder and ankle.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: The Minnesota Vikings selected Mattison in the third round (102nd overall) of the 2019 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boise State Broncos bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Alexander Mattison

wikipedia_title: Alexander Mattison


text: golf

text: Michigan Wolverines

text: Ann Arbor, Michigan

text: Rockford, Illinois

text: U.S. Army Air Corps

text: World War II

text: University of Michigan

text: Michigan Wolverines

text: Ann Arbor, Michigan

text: Jack Coyle

text: NCAA golf champion

text: Johnny Fischer

text: Chuck Kocsis

text: Mayfield, Kentucky

text: Union Carbide

text: Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant

categories: Sportspeople from Rockford, Illinois,American male golfers,1920 births,United States Army Air Forces soldiers,Golfers from Illinois,Michigan Wolverines men's golfers,Amateur golfers,People from Mayfield, Kentucky

paragraph: Dave Barclay

paragraph: David Barclay (July 5, 1920 – October 28, 2009) was an American amateur golfer in the 1940s. He played for the Michigan Wolverines golf team and won the 50th annual NCAA intercollegiate golf championship held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in June 1947.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Barclay was a native of Rockford, Illinois. In 1938, he helped lead Rockford High School's golf team to a tie for third place in Illinois. In 1941, he enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps and flew 54 combat missions as a bomber navigator during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::University of Michigan.

paragraph: After being discharged from the military, Barclay enrolled at the University of Michigan. While attending Michigan, he played on the Michigan Wolverines golf team. He finished tied for eighth place in the 1946 NCAA tournament. The following year, the NCAA's intercollegiate golf tournament was held at the University of Michigan Golf Course in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He defeated LSU's Jack Coyle in the championship match to become the 1947 NCAA golf champion. Barclay was the third Michigan Wolverines golfer to win the NCAA championship, following Johnny Fischer (1932) and Chuck Kocsis (1936). No Michigan golfer has achieved the feat since then. Barclay was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1987.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: Barclay moved to Mayfield, Kentucky, in 1951. He lived there until his death in 2009. For more than 30 years, he was an employee of Union Carbide at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, producing enriched uranium to fuel nuclear reactors and for use in nuclear weapons. He became the head of the finance and materials division. He retired in 1983 and died in 2009.

description: American amateur golfer

wikidata_label: Dave Barclay

wikipedia_title: Dave Barclay


text:
pharaoh
13th dynasty
Memphite
Kim Ryholt
Anubis
epithet
Memphis
13th dynasty
theophorous
Turin canon
steatite
Percy Newberry
Second Intermediate Period
Egyptian Museum

paragraph: Seheqenre Sankhptahi

paragraph: Seheqenre Sankhptahi was a pharaoh of the late 13th dynasty, possibly the fifty-fourth or fifty-fifth king of this dynasty. He most likely reigned for a short period over the Memphite region during the mid-17th century BC, some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Attestions.

paragraph: Pharaoh Seheqenre Sankhptahi is named and represented on the stele of "royal sealer" and "overseer of sealers" Nebsumenu dating to Year One of his reign. The origin of the stele is not known for certain—the stele was acquired in 1999 by the National Archaeological Museum of Spain from a private collector. However, Kim Ryholt notes that it depicts Sankhptahi offering oil to the god Ptah ""He who is south of his wall"" ("rsy-snb=f") and to Anubis ""Lord of bandagers"" ("nb wtyw"), both of which are epithets from the Memphite region. Ryholt concludes that Seheqenre Sankhptahi probably reigned over Memphis and thus belongs to the 13th dynasty, which had control over the region at the time. Furthermore, Ryholt suggests that Sankhptahi may himself have been born in Memphis, as indicated by his theophorous name based on Ptah, the god of the city.

paragraph: According to the latest reading of the Turin canon by Ryholt, Seheqenre Sankhptahi is attested there, on column 8 line 25, which contains the damaged prenomen "[?]ḳ-n-Rˁ". Ryholt remarks that Seheqenre is the only king of the period whose name matches these signs and reads "[S.ḥ]ḳ-n-Rˁ", Seheqenre on the Turin canon.

paragraph: Ryholt finally points to a blue-green steatite cylinder seal of unknown provenance and bearing the golden horus name Sekhaenptah, "S.ḫˁ-n-ptḥ", "He whom Ptah causes to appear", as maybe belonging to Seheqenre Sankhptahi. Percy Newberry simply dates the seal to "about the end of the Middle Kingdom" without further identification of its owner. The seal is probably lost: originally in the Timmins collection housed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, it is now reportedly missing from the museum.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: A stele of unknown provenance, although probably Memphite in origin, and dated on stylistic grounds to the Second Intermediate Period presents a list of members of a royal family and gives the king's son name as "[?]-ptḥ-i". If this prince is the future pharaoh Seheqenre Sankhptahi as Ryholt proposes, then pharaoh "Se[...]kare" is his father and "Minemsaes" and "Sit[...]" are his sisters. The stele is housed in Egyptian Museum, CG20600.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meeks, Dimitri, "Une stèle de donation de la Deuxième Période intermédiaire" "ENIM" 2, 2009, pp. 129-154.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Seheqenre Sankhptahi

wikipedia_title: Seheqenre Sankhptahi


href: Constantinople Cairo Armenians Beirut Cairo Vahe%20Vahian

text:
Constantinople
Cairo
Armenian
Beirut
Cairo
Vahe Vahian

categories: 1878 births,20th-century Armenian poets,Armenians of the Ottoman Empire,People from Istanbul,20th-century male writers,1945 deaths,Armenian male poets

paragraph: Vahan Tekeyan

paragraph: Vahan Tekeyan ( (January 21, 1878, Constantinople - April 4, 1945, Cairo) was an Armenian poet and public activist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tekeyan worked as a newspaper editor in Beirut and Cairo, a teacher, and a political and social activist.

paragraph: He is regarded in Armenian literary circles as the "Prince of Armenian Poetry," as his poetry, especially his sonnets, are unparalleled in Armenian literature. Tekeyan's themes in poetry revolved mostly around love, such as compassionate love, love for one's homeland, or love for humanity.

paragraph: Tekeyan's poems include: "The Armenian Church", "A Prayer on the Eve of Tomorrow", "Your Memory Tonight", "When the Day Finally Comes", and "Your Name".

paragraph: Another Armenian intellectual and poet, Vahe Vahian, was heavily influenced by Vahan Tekeyan's work, from where his pen-name came from.

description: Armenian poet

wikidata_label: Vahan Tekeyan

wikipedia_title: Vahan Tekeyan


text: Serbian Chetnik commander

text: Old Serbia

text: Macedonia

text: Balkan Wars

text: World War I

text: Trgovište

text: Pčinja region

text: Preševo

text: kaza

text: Kosovo Vilayet

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Serbia

text: blacksmith

text: Principality of Bulgaria

text: Sofia

text: Ivan Tsonchev

text: Krsto Lazarov Konjushki

text: Ilinden Uprising

text: Nikola Pushkarov

text: Novačani

text: Todor Panitsa

text: Vranje

text: Kingdom of Serbia

text: Živojin Rafajlović

text: Serbian Chetnik Organization

text: Vojislav Tankosić

text: Vojin Popović-Vuk

text: Young Turk Revolution

text: First Balkan War

text: Vojin Popović-Vuk

text: Salonika Front

text: kachaks

text: German occupation of Serbia

text: Leskovac

categories: 20th-century Serbian people,People from Trgovište,Serbian rebels,Serbian military personnel of the Balkan Wars,Serbian military personnel of World War I,1877 births,1948 deaths,People from Kosovo Vilayet

paragraph: Krsta Kovačević

paragraph: Krsta Kovačević (; 1877—January 30, 1948), known as Krsta Trgoviški (Крста Трговишки), was a Serbian Chetnik commander that was active in Old Serbia and Macedonia during the Macedonian Struggle (1903–08), then participated in the Balkan Wars (1912–13) and World War I (1914–18).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Kovačević was born in the village of Trgovište in the Pčinja region, which at the time was administratively part of the Preševo "kaza" (administrative region) of the Kosovo Vilayet in the Ottoman Empire (now located in Serbia). He was a blacksmith in his birth village until 1900, when he murdered an Ottoman soldier who beat up his younger brother Spiro. He fled to the Principality of Bulgaria where he worked as a labourer on the railways in Sofia.

paragraph: Section::::IMRO.

paragraph: Kovačević was soon noticed by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), which recruited him into the organization. He was initially part of the "četa" (band) of general Ivan Tsonchev, where he became best friends with Krsto Lazarov Konjushki, the later IMRO commander of Kumanovo. At the time of the Ilinden Uprising (1903) he was part of the band of IMRO commander of Skopje, Nikola Pushkarov, at which time he used his experience as a railway worker to blow up the rail near the village of Novačani. After Pushkarov's withdrawal, Kovačević joined the band of Todor Panitsa whose band after several unsuccessful skirmishes was forced to take shelter in Vranje, in the Kingdom of Serbia. There, Kovačević befriended Živojin Rafajlović, and determined to join the newly self-organized Serbian Chetnik Organization, thus he left the Bulgarian organization which had up until then had many Serbian fighters in its ranks (as there was no self-organized Serbian organization prior to 1904).

paragraph: Section::::Serbian Organization.

paragraph: In 1904, Kovačević was awarded the title of "vojvoda", and he commanded several notable fighters who later became commanders themselves, such as Vojislav Tankosić and Vojin Popović-Vuk. After the Young Turk Revolution (1908), he lived a peaceful life in Preševo until 1909, when he discovered just in time that the Turks sought to murder him, which made him leave for the woods.

paragraph: Section::::First Balkan War.

paragraph: In the First Balkan War he participated as a "vojvoda" in the Chetnik detachment of "vojvoda" Vojin Popović-Vuk, his old friend. He participated in the battles of Kumanovo, Mukos and Bakarna Gumna.

paragraph: Section::::World War I.

paragraph: Kovačević participated in World War I as well, alongside six of his brothers and cousins. He independently led his band through Albania in 1915–16, and participated in the breakthrough of the Salonika Front.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: In 1924 he led a band that pursued the band of Vancho Mihailov and bands of Albanian kachaks. During the German occupation of Serbia (1941–44) he lived secretly in Leskovac. He died in 1948, in Preševo.

description: Serbian rebel

wikidata_label: Krsta Kovačević

wikipedia_title: Krsta Kovačević


text:
Great Royal Wife
Pharaoh
Ramesses I
Egypt
Seti I
Abydos
Year 400 Stela
Tanis
Ramesses II
iryt-p`t
Two Lands
Valley of the Queens
Karl Richard Lepsius
John Gardner Wilkinson
Seti I
Porter
Moss
Imsety
Duamutef
Anubis
Maat
Nephthys
Serket
naos
Hapi
Qebehsenuef
Horus
Thoth
Isis
Neith
Mut

categories: Queens consort of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt,13th-century BC women

paragraph: Sitre

paragraph: Sitre ("Daughter of Re") or Tia-Sitre, was the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses I of Egypt and mother of Seti I.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: There is some debate around the identity of Ramesses' wife and Seti's mother. Sitre is shown together with Ramesses I and Seti in Seti's Abydos temple where she is called the King's Mother. She is called the King's Great Wife both in Sety's temple and in Seti's tomb (where one would expect her to be mentioned as King's Mother). However, Sitre's tomb, which can stylistically be dated to this period, mentions its owner as a King's Mother.

paragraph: The "Year 400 Stela", found in Tanis and dated to the reign of Sitre's grandson Ramesses II describes Seti as the son of Paramessu (the name of Ramesses I before he became pharaoh) and Tia. Also, Seti's daughter was named Tia. It can be assumed that Tia and Sitre are the same person and that she altered her name when her husband became pharaoh, just like he changed his name from Paramessu to Ramesses. The fact that one of the daughters of Ramesses II was named Tia-Sitre makes it even more likely.

paragraph: The absence of the title "King's Daughter" for her indicates that Sitre was of non-royal descent. She did hold a large number of titles. She was a Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t), a Great King’s Mother (mwt-niswt-wrt), also described as a God’s Mother (mwt-ntr). Her queenly titles included Lady of The Two Lands (nbt-t3wy), King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), Great King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-niswt-wrt meryt.f) and Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt (hnwt-Shm’w-mhw). She also held the title of God’s Wife (hmt-ntr).

paragraph: Section::::Tomb QV38.

paragraph: She was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the Queens QV38. The tomb was already described by Karl Richard Lepsius (tomb 13) and John Gardner Wilkinson (tomb 19) The tomb may have been commissioned by her son Seti I. This would be the reason she is called a King's mother in her tomb. The decoration was unfinished, consisting of just line drawings.

paragraph: In Porter and Moss a description is given of the scenes outlined in the tomb. The decorations include images of Imsety, Duamutef, Anubis, Maat, Ir-renef-djesef, Nephthys, Serket, a monkey and two baboons in kiosk. Queen Sitre is further shown seated before a naos. Another scene shows a Lion-headed god, followed by Maat. Further scene include a kiosk containing a cat-headed god and Anubis, Hapi, Qebehsenuef, Horus-Irbakef, Thoth, Isis, Neith, Horus, and a kiosk containing Mut as vulture, a bird-headed god, and full-face god. Two boats are shown, with three gods below.

description: wife of Ramesses I of Egypt

wikidata_label: Sitre

wikipedia_title: Sitre


text: American football

text: quarterback

text: Atlanta Falcons

text: 2006 NFL Draft

text: college football

text: University of Georgia

text: Phi Beta Sigma

text: North Clayton High School

text: USA Today

text: Atlanta Journal-Constitution

text: Mark Richt

text: David Greene

text: redshirt

text: Sugar Bowl

text: Florida State University

text: Kentucky

text: Phi Beta Sigma

text: Boise State

text: Cingular All-America Player of the Week

text: Division I-A

text: AFCA

text: Arkansas

text: University of Florida

text: Florida vs. Georgia Football Classic

text: Joe Tereshinski III

text: Auburn

text: Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets

text: LSU Tigers

text: SEC

text: Georgia

text: SEC Championship

text: West Virginia Mountaineers

text: Associated Press

text: 7th round (223rd overall)

text: Atlanta Falcons

text: 2006 NFL Draft

text: University of Georgia

text: Jim Mora

text: Bryan Randall

text: anterior cruciate ligament

text: medial collateral ligament

text: Buffalo Bills

text: Matt Ryan

text: Mike Smith

text: Joey Harrington

text: running back

text: Antone Smith

text: Jeff Garcia

text: Eric Crouch

text: Sacramento

text: SEC Network

text: Athlon Sports

text: Just Sports Stats

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,African-American players of American football,Sportspeople from College Park, Georgia,Georgia Bulldogs football players,American football quarterbacks,Sportspeople from Atlanta,Omaha Nighthawks players,1983 births,Living people

paragraph: D. J. Shockley

paragraph: Donald Eugene "D. J." Shockley (born March 23, 1983) is a former American football quarterback. He was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the seventh round of the 2006 NFL Draft where he served as a backup quarterback for four and a half years. He played college football at the University of Georgia. He is also a member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: D.J. Shockley played football, basketball and ran track at North Clayton High School. His father, Donald Shockley Sr, was his team's head coach. As a senior, he threw for 1,861 yards and 11 touchdowns, as well as rushing for 864 yards and eight more touchdowns. Shockley became the starting quarterback by his sophomore season at North Clayton High School. He threw 28 touchdowns and for more than 3,200 yards his final two seasons while rushing for nearly 1,600 yards. The native of College Park, Georgia was a highly recruited QB earning various national accolades: 2000 "USA Today" All-USA Second Team, Max Emfinger's Top 125 players (#1 Athletic quarterback), 2000 "Parade Magazine" All-America Team, SUPERPREP Elite 50 ("SuperPrep's" No. 1 ranked QB), The "Atlanta Journal-Constitution" Super Southern 100, Top 50 in Georgia, Marvelous Metro Eleven, Class AAAA All-State Quarterback, and 2000 Georgia Sports Writers Association Class AAAA All-State Quarterback.

paragraph: Section::::Collegiate career.

paragraph: UGA's new incoming head coach in 2001, Mark Richt, made Shockley a priority recruit, and he is generally regarded as Richt's first official recruit at Georgia.

paragraph: Richt ultimately chose redshirt freshman David Greene to be the starting quarterback for the Bulldogs in 2001, while Shockley was redshirted. Greene went on to set the NCAA record for wins as a starting quarterback in a career, but over the course of those four years, Shockley did see some playing time in a modified dual-quarterback system.

paragraph: In 2002 as a redshirt freshman, playing in parts of 10 games, Shockley completed 32-of-52 passes (61.5%) for 415 yards with five touchdowns and a pass efficiency rating of 152.62. He rushed for 111 yards and two more touchdowns. He also threw a 37-yard TD pass in the Nokia Sugar Bowl win over Florida State University as the Bulldogs wrapped up their first SEC Championship season in 20 years.

paragraph: One of Shockley's finest moments as a redshirt freshman came on October 26 of that year as he and Greene combined to throw for a school-record six touchdown passes in Georgia's comeback win over Kentucky, 52–24. The Wildcats, playing in their own stadium, had led 24–21 at the half. Shockley went 10-of-14 passing for 102 yards and two touchdowns as coach Richt rotated him into the game every third series during the contest.

paragraph: In 2003, Shockley injured his knee midway through the season and finished with 9-of-21 pass attempts for 88 yards and one touchdown. He added another 101 yards on the ground and a rushing touchdown in six games.

paragraph: In 2004, Shockley completed 26-of-60 (43.3%) passes for 464 yards with four touchdowns and one interception. He had 24 rushes for 113 yards in 10 games. Shockley earned an SEC Academic Honor Roll award in 2004 as a Speech Communications major. He is a member of the Phi Beta Sigma fraternity.

paragraph: Following the Bulldogs' opening win against Boise State, Shockley was named Cingular All-America Player of the Week for his 374-yard, six touchdown effort (289 yards, 5 TDs passing; 85 yards, 1 TD rushing) against the Broncos. He was also named "Sporting News" Player of the Week and SEC Player of the Week, and nominated for USATODAY.com Player of the Week after the Boise State game. He was one of 11 Division I-A football players named to AFCA's National Good Works Team, which recognizes "players who have devoted themselves to exemplary community service." He was also chosen as a semi-finalist for the 2005 Draddy Trophy.

paragraph: In 2005, Shockley played in 12 of Georgia's 13 games, completing 173-of-310 (55.8%) passes for 2,588 yards and 24 touchdowns with five interceptions. He also gained 322 yards rushing in 78 attempts with four touchdowns. Shockley had a longest run of 40 yards and completed a 56-yard touchdown pass to tight end Martrez Milner for his longest pass play of the season—as both of these highlights occurred in the same game on September 3, 2005 against Boise State.

paragraph: In Georgia's seventh game of the season against Arkansas, Shockley had to leave early in the second quarter with a sprained medial collateral ligament in his left knee. Because of his injury, he had to sit out Georgia's eighth game of the season against one of the school's most hated rivals, the University of Florida Gators, in the Florida vs. Georgia Football Classic. Redshirt junior Joe Tereshinski III was named the starter, and he finished the game completing 8-of-21 passes for 100 yards and an interception. Georgia lost the game, 14–10.

paragraph: Shockley returned for the ninth game of the season on November 12 against the Auburn Tigers, but despite playing very well, completing 20-of-36 passes for 304 yards and two touchdowns and running eight times for another 40 yards, Georgia lost the game 31–30 on a last-second field goal to fall to 7–2 on the season. After beating the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 14–7, Georgia went on to play the LSU Tigers in the SEC Championship game. Shockley threw for two touchdowns and ran for another as Georgia won the game, 34–14, to claim the 2005 SEC Championship title. Shockley was named the MVP of the SEC Championship game.

paragraph: The University of Georgia's football season and Shockley's collegiate career ended with a 38–35 loss to the West Virginia Mountaineers in the Nokia Sugar Bowl on January 2, 2006. Despite the loss, Shockley had an excellent performance throwing for 277 yards (on 20 completions in 33 attempts) and three touchdowns while running for 71 yards on eight carries.

paragraph: Shockley won the FCA Bobby Bowden Football Player of the Year Award, finished third in the voting for the Associated Press Player of the Year, and led Georgia to a 10–3 record and the No. 10 ranking nationally by the AP College Football Poll during his senior year.

paragraph: Section::::Collegiate career.:Statistics.

paragraph: "Source":

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: Even though many mock drafts projected him to be taken earlier, the 6-0⅞, 214-pound Shockley was drafted in the 7th round (223rd overall) by the Atlanta Falcons in the 2006 NFL Draft. He was the first University of Georgia player selected by the Falcons since 1994.

paragraph: On August 27, 2006, then Falcons head coach Jim Mora announced that Shockley had made the team as the 3rd string quarterback (over Bryan Randall) and would lead the scout team.

paragraph: Shockley missed the entire 2007 season after suffering a torn anterior cruciate ligament and damage to the medial collateral ligament in his left knee during a preseason game against the Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: After the Atlanta Falcons picked Matt Ryan with their third overall pick in the 2008 draft, first year coach Mike Smith made every position open for competition. In a tough battle, hometown favorite Shockley won the third string job over Joey Harrington. Subsequently, Harrington was released by the Falcons shortly after the announcement.

paragraph: On September 5, 2009, Shockley was cut by the Falcons, but was signed to the practice squad on September 6. He was released from the practice squad October 21 to make room on the roster for running back Antone Smith. He was re-signed to the practice squad on December 1. After his contract expired following the season, Shockley was re-signed to a future contract on January 4, 2010. He was waived again on July 9.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Omaha Nighthawks.

paragraph: Shockley did not allow much time for downtime as a professional football player following his release from the Atlanta Falcons. He agreed to attend a minicamp with the Omaha Nighthawks of the UFL on July 19, 2010. Shockley signed with the team on August 23 and became a backup quarterback playing behind former Philadelphia Eagles' Jeff Garcia. Omaha finished the season at 3–5, and Shockley completed 2-of-5 passes for 30 yards in limited playing time.

paragraph: During the next season, Omaha re-signed Shockley to the team on July 15, 2011. The Nighthawks later released him during training camp on September 2, 2011.

paragraph: On September 27, 2011 Shockley was re-signed by the Omaha Nighthawks due to their starter, Eric Crouch, being placed on injured reserve.

paragraph: Shockley's Omaha Nighthawks finished 2011 at 1–4 as their only win came on October 1 against Sacramento in a close one, 33–30.

paragraph: Shockley is currently working as an SEC Network announcer.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Statistics.

paragraph: "Source":

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Additional sources.

paragraph: • "Athlon Sports" – 2001 Southeastern College Football Edition (magazine)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Just Sports Stats

description: American football player

wikidata_label: D. J. Shockley

wikipedia_title: D. J. Shockley


text:
Castres
Paris
Louis Blanc
February Revolution
École des Beaux-Arts
Old Masters

categories: 1882 deaths,French male journalists,19th-century French journalists,1813 births,French art critics,People from Castres,French male writers,Collège de France faculty,Members of the Académie française,19th-century French male writers

paragraph: Charles Blanc

paragraph: Charles Blanc (17 November 1813, Castres (Tarn) – 17 January 1882, Paris) was a French art critic.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: He was the younger brother of the French socialist politician and historian Louis Blanc. After the February Revolution of 1848, he was director of the Department for the Visual Arts at the Ministry of the Interior. As director of the École des Beaux-Arts he reinstituted a program of copying from casts after the antique and commissioned a series of copies of Old Masters for a projected "Musée des copies" that was objected to by the school's overseers, who cashiered Blanc.

paragraph: He published the "Histoire des peintres de toutes les écoles" (Par. 1849-69, 14 vols.), which was translated into English and German.

paragraph: In his book, "Chromophobia", David Batchelor argues that Charles Blanc thought of color in art as something not to be totally relied upon. With regard to painting, Blanc says that while color is essential, its place is delegated behind the formal characteristics of composition, chiaroscuro and drawing.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le trésor de la curiosité" (1857–1858, 2 vols.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'œuvre complet de Rembrandt" (4. Aufl. 1873, 2 vols.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grammaire des arts du dessin" (1867, 3. Ed. 1876)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ingres, sa vie et ses ouvrages" (1870)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'art dans la parure et dans le vêtement" (1875)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les artistes de mon temps" (1876)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Voyage de la Haute-Egypte, observations sur les arts égyptien et arabe" (1876)

description: French art critic

wikidata_label: Charles Blanc

wikipedia_title: Charles Blanc


text: gospel music

text: youth

text: Yakima, Washington

text: church

text: Los Angeles

text: California

text: demo tape

text: disco

text: Kansas City

text: gigs

text: album

text: Roland Orzabal

text: Curt Smith

text: Tears for Fears

text: Kansas City

text: Missouri

text: The Seeds of Love

text: album

text: single

text: duet

text: Phil Collins

text: drum

text: hit

text: Fontana Records

text: solo

text: Circle of One

text: Grammy

text: cover

text: Brenda Russell

text: Get Here

text: Gulf War

text: Fairwood Music (UK) Ltd

text: Elton John

text: Bernie Taupin

text: Don't Let the Sun Go Down On Me

text: Evolution

text: Moving On

text: R&B

text: duet

text: Raoul and the Kings of Spain

text: Christian

text: Come Walk with Me

text: Holy Is the Lamb

text: Phil Collins

text: All the Love

text: Tears for Fears

text: Woman in Chains

text: Christmas

text: Christmas Time with Oleta

text: Let's Stay Here

text: Third Set

text: Los Angeles earthquake

text: Going on Record

text: Circle of One

text: Evolution

text: Moving On

text: Come Walk with Me

text: All the Love

text: Christmas Time with Oleta

text: Let's Stay Here

text: Third Set

text: The Very Best of Oleta Adams

text: The Ultimate Collection

text: Berklee College of Music

text: Oleta Adams

text: Tv.com

text: Fairwood Music (UK) Ltd. Website

categories: Fontana Records artists,American gospel singers,20th-century American singers,1953 births,Musicians from Seattle,African-American Methodists,20th-century Methodists,21st-century American singers,21st-century American women singers,Urban contemporary gospel musicians,20th-century American women singers,African-American female singers,American contraltos,EOne Music artists,Singers from Washington (state),21st-century Methodists,Mercury Records artists,Living people,People from Yakima, Washington,American soul singers,American United Methodists

paragraph: Oleta Adams

paragraph: Oleta Adams (born May 4, 1953) is an American soul and gospel singer and pianist.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Adams was born the daughter of a preacher and was raised listening to gospel music. In her youth, her family moved to Yakima, Washington, which is sometimes shown as her place of birth. She got her musical start in the church.

paragraph: Before gaining her opportunity to perform, Adams faced a great deal of rejection. In the 1970s, she moved to Los Angeles, California, where she recorded a demo tape. However, many music executives were exclusively interested in disco music rather than Adams' preferred style.

paragraph: With the advice of her singing coach, Lee Farrell, Adams moved to Kansas City where she did a variety of local gigs. She started her career in the early 1980s with two self-financed albums which had limited success.

paragraph: Section::::Collaboration with Tears for Fears.

paragraph: In 1985, Adams was discovered by Roland Orzabal and Curt Smith, founders of the English band Tears for Fears, while she was performing in a hotel bar in Kansas City, Missouri, while they were on a US tour. Two years later, they contacted her to invite her to join their band as a singer and pianist on their next album, "The Seeds of Love".

paragraph: In 1989, the album was released and the single "Woman in Chains", sung as a duet by Adams and Orzabal and with Phil Collins on drums, became her first hit. Adams embarked on a world tour with Tears For Fears in 1990, performing by herself as the supporting artist at the start of each show, and remaining onstage throughout the Tears For Fears set where she would provide piano and vocals.

paragraph: Following her work with Tears For Fears, Adams was offered a recording contract by their label, Fontana Records, and restarted her solo career in 1990, assisted by Orzabal, who co-produced her new album, "Circle of One". The album received much critical acclaim, and (after a slow start) eventually peaked at #1 in the UK in 1991 after she scored her biggest hit to date with her Grammy nominated cover of Brenda Russell's "Get Here". The song reached the UK and US top 5 and became popular during the 1991 Gulf War conflict as families of deployed troops in the region embraced the tune as a theme song.

paragraph: 1991 also saw Adams sign to independent music publisher Fairwood Music (UK) Ltd. and contribute to the Elton John/Bernie Taupin tribute album, "", on which appeared her version of John's 1974 hit "Don't Let the Sun Go Down On Me". Adams' version became another top 40 hit in the UK.

paragraph: Her next album, "Evolution" (1993), was also a commercial success, making the UK top 10. It also featured her self-penned adult contemporary single "Window of Hope". Her 1995 release, "Moving On", saw Adams move more in the direction of R&B, and she also reunited with Roland Orzabal for the duet "Me and my Big Ideas" on the Tears For Fears album "Raoul and the Kings of Spain" the same year. Two years later she released the Christian themed album "Come Walk with Me" where she received a Grammy nomination for "Holy Is the Lamb" in 1997.

paragraph: In 1998, she toured as a guest vocalist on Phil Collins's Big Band Jazz Tour.

paragraph: In 2001, Adams released her sixth album, "All the Love", a return to an R&B/Adult contemporary sound. The album was re-released in 2004 in Germany with a different title "I Can't Live a Day without You".

paragraph: In 2004, Adams reunited with Tears for Fears once again as she made a surprise guest appearance onstage at their Kansas City concert, performing "Woman in Chains".

paragraph: On October 3, 2006, Adams released her first Christmas album, entitled "Christmas Time with Oleta".

paragraph: On April 21, 2009, Adams released her eighth album entitled "Let's Stay Here".

paragraph: On February 10, 2017, Adams released her ninth album, her first album in eight years, entitled "Third Set".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1994, Adams married drummer John Cushon at a United Methodist church in Kansas City, where they both taught Sunday School. They met in 1980 while working on a demo tape for Adams. Adams stated that she never had a passion to get married but on January 17, 1994 she and Cushon were involved in the Los Angeles earthquake. Adams referred to this as a sign from God that she was ready to get married.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982: "Untitled"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983: "Going on Record"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: "Circle of One"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Evolution"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Moving On"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Come Walk with Me"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "All the Love"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Christmas Time with Oleta"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Let's Stay Here"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Third Set"

paragraph: Compilations

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "The Very Best of Oleta Adams"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "The Ultimate Collection"

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other Awards

paragraph: Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music, 1994

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oleta Adams at Tv.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fairwood Music (UK) Ltd. Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oleta Adams 2016 Podcast Interview at Soulinterviews.com

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Oleta Adams

wikipedia_title: Oleta Adams


text: Canadian

text: actress

text: producer

text: Canadian Comedy Awards

text: film

text: production company

text: Mighty Brave Productions

text: Toronto

text: Regent Park Film Festival

text: Hammer Nail

categories: 1976 births,Canadian film actresses,Canadian film producers,Canadian women film producers,Living people,Actresses from Toronto

paragraph: Lisa Wegner

paragraph: Lisa Wegner is a Canadian actress, filmmaker, performance artist, producer, film programmer and installation artist. She has been nominated twice for Canadian Comedy Awards for "best actress" in films she produced. Her film production company is Mighty Brave Productions. In 2005 she ran Zebra Pictures a commercial Production based in Toronto, Ontario. Since a brain injury in 2008 she has been working in installation art, curating for Gallery1313, programming for the Regent Park Film Festival and mentoring various interns in art and film. In 2014 Lisa played The Agent in Will Kwan's triptych film Hammer Nail , commissioned for Toronto Reel Asian International Film Festival.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.mightybraveproductions.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.lisaismightybrave.com

description: Canadian actor and film producer

wikidata_label: Lisa Wegner

wikipedia_title: Lisa Wegner


text: lexicographer

text: dictionary

text: Scottish Gaelic

text: Irish

text: Somerset

text: Ordnance Survey

text: bagpiper

text: Kilmadock

text: National Library of Scotland

text: Peter Berresford Ellis

text: Edward VII

text: Civil List

text: copyright law

text: Michael Bauer

text: Perthshire

text: Scottish Parliament

text: Early Day Motion

text: Westminster Parliament

text: Scottish Gaelic dictionaries

categories: British lexicographers,1864 births,Scottish Gaelic language,Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Dwelly's Gaelic Dictionary,1939 deaths

paragraph: Edward Dwelly

paragraph: Edward Dwelly (1864–1939) was an English lexicographer and genealogist. He created the authoritative dictionary of Scottish Gaelic, and his work has had an influence on Irish Gaelic lexicography. He also practised as a professional genealogist and published transcripts of many original documents relating to Somerset.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Twickenham, Middlesex, in England, he became interested in Scottish Gaelic after being stationed in Scotland with the army and working with the Ordnance Survey. He began collecting words at the age of seventeen and was also a keen bagpiper.

paragraph: He released the dictionary in sections from 1901 onwards and the first full edition of his "Illustrated Gaelic Dictionary" in 1911 under the pen name of Eoghann MacDhòmhnaill (Ewen MacDonald) fearing that his work would not be well accepted under his own obviously English name.

paragraph: He continued collating entries from older dictionaries and also recording thousands of new words, both from publications and from his travels in the Gaelic-speaking parts of Scotland. He illustrated, printed, bound and marketed his dictionary with help from his children and wife Mary McDougall (from Kilmadock) whom he had married in 1896, herself a native Gaelic speaker, teaching himself the skills required.

paragraph: In 1912, Dwelly self-published his "Compendium of Notes on the Dwelly Family", a 54-page genealogical work on the Dwelly family from a John Duelye in 1229, mainly covering Britain, but with an American section, and pedigrees and parish register extracts with supporting notes.

paragraph: He subsequently gained a state pension from Edward VII for his work. In later life, alienated by the attitude of some people in Scotland, both Gaels and non-speakers, he returned to England, leaving behind his great legacy and dying in obscurity.

paragraph: In 1991, the late Dr Douglas Clyne sourced several manuscripts in the National Library of Scotland which were published by him as "Appendix to Dwelly's Gaelic-English Dictionary", over half of the entries being from "A-to-D" alone but containing additional information not published in Dwelly's lifetime.

paragraph: His life has been little researched, the best being the biographical introduction by Peter Berresford Ellis in Clyne's "Appendix".

paragraph: Section::::Edward Dwelly's dictionary.

paragraph: Dwelly's illustrated Scottish Gaelic dictionary, consisting of well over one thousand pages, was truly a marvellous achievement in its day, particularly in view of the difficult circumstances which he faced in preparing it. Dwelly was nonetheless eager to express his gratitude to those who assisted him. He particularly expressed his thanks to the recently deceased King Edward VII for awarding him a Civil List Pension when only about one half of the dictionary had been published. He wished dearly to have been able to present a copy of his completed dictionary to the King and expressed sadness at the news of the King's death.

paragraph: Dwelly also expressed his particular gratitude to his wife for revising proofs and assisting in correspondence as well as advising on many of the translations in addition to many other sacrifices on her part.

paragraph: Dwelly's preface is of particular interest to the student of Scottish Gaelic, since many of the difficulties which he faced then are also applicable to today's Scottish Gaelic. Scottish Gaelic speakers were generally not taught to read and write in their native language and were therefore unable to provide correct spelling, which created enormous difficulties in preparing the dictionary. Scottish Gaelic speakers were also often reluctant to engage in Scottish Gaelic conversation with students of Scottish Gaelic such as Dwelly, generally preferring to speak to him in English. Dwelly often had to pose as a native speaker of Scottish Gaelic in order to obtain the opportunity to further his knowledge and understanding of colloquial Scottish Gaelic.

paragraph: Dwelly's dictionary contains over 70,000 entries and is widely regarded as the most comprehensive dictionary of the Scottish Gaelic language compiled to date. So far, there have been over 12 printed editions (1920, 1930, 1941, 1949, 1967, 1971, 1973, 1977, 1988, 1993 and 2011) of the dictionary by various publishers.

paragraph: Section::::Digitisation of Dwelly.

paragraph: Making Dwelly available digitally, so it could be searched both as a Gaelic–English and an English–Gaelic dictionary, was a frequent request from Gaelic speakers, learners and enthusiasts. Due to a change in copyright law and various other complications, it eventually took a German learner of Scottish Gaelic, Michael Bauer, over 10 years to complete the digitisation. It was finally launched online in co-operation with Will Robertson, a software engineer from Perthshire, in January 2009 under the name Dwelly-d (short for "Dwelly digiteach" "Digital Dwelly").

paragraph: Their work, carried out without any outside support, was subsequently commended in a motion in the Scottish Parliament on 6 January 2009 and an Early Day Motion in the Westminster Parliament on 14 January 2009.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Gaelic dictionaries

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Am Faclair Beag – containing a searchable online version of Dwelly's dictionary

description: British lexicographer

wikidata_label: Edward Dwelly

wikipedia_title: Edward Dwelly


text: swimmer

text: Pan American Games

text: Ohio State University

text: Ohio State Buckeyes

text: 1951 Pan American Games

text: 1952 Summer Olympics

text: List of Ohio State University people

text: Richard Cleveland (USA)

categories: Pan American Games medalists in swimming,Swimmers at the 1951 Pan American Games,Olympic swimmers of the United States,2002 deaths,1929 births,Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States,Former world record holders in swimming,Swimmers at the 1952 Summer Olympics,Ohio State Buckeyes men's swimmers,American male freestyle swimmers,Sportspeople from Honolulu

paragraph: Dick Cleveland

paragraph: Richard Fitch Cleveland (September 21, 1929 – July 27, 2002) was an American competition swimmer, three-time Pan American Games champion, and former world record-holder.

paragraph: Cleveland enrolled at Ohio State University, where he swam for the Ohio State Buckeyes swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition.

paragraph: At the 1951 Pan American Games in Bueonos Aires, Argentina, he won gold medals in the men's 3×100-meter medley relay, 4×200-meter freestyle relay, and 100-meter freestyle. At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, he competed in the 100-meter freestyle but did not qualify for the event final.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Ohio State University people

paragraph: BULLET::::- World record progression 100 metres freestyle

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Cleveland (USA) – Honor Swimmer profile at International Swimming Hall of Fame

description: American swimmer, Pan American Games gold medalist, former world record-holder

wikidata_label: Dick Cleveland

wikipedia_title: Dick Cleveland