text: 1972 Summer Olympics

categories: 1949 births,Gymnasts at the 1972 Summer Olympics,Olympic gymnasts of West Germany,Living people

paragraph: Walter Mößinger

paragraph: Walter Mößinger (born 1 March 1949) is a retired German artistic gymnast. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and 1974 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and placed fifth with West German teams on both occasions.

wikidata_label: Walter Mößinger

wikipedia_title: Walter Mößinger


text:
Khongirad
Yuan dynasty
China
Kublai Khan
Khagan
The Secret History of the Mongols
Marco Polo
Christian
Sorghaghtani
Mongol culture
Buddhism
pasture
Nestorian Christianity
Sorgaghtani Beki
Nestorianism
scholar-gentry

categories: 13th-century Chinese women,Yuan dynasty empresses,13th-century Chinese people,1225 births,13th-century women,13th-century Mongolian people,1281 deaths

paragraph: Chabi

paragraph: Empress Chabi (1225–1281) was a Khongirad empress consort of the Yuan dynasty in China, married to Kublai Khan. As such, she was the wife to the Mongol Khagan who had conquered all of China in the 1270s.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: According to "The Secret History of the Mongols", Chabi was the favorite wife of Kublai and a valued unofficial adviser throughout his reign. She was a patron of the arts and may have played a key role in advancing the interests of the young Venetian traveler, Marco Polo. It is suspected that Chabi herself may have come under Christian influence, like her mother-in-law, Sorghaghtani.

paragraph: Empress Chabi exemplified the high role of women in Mongol culture. As Kublai's wife and advisor, she knew Kublai very well. She was an important political and diplomatic influence, especially in pleasing the Chinese masses through reconciliation. Chabi promoted Buddhism in the high levels of government. She suggested the better treatment of the north Chinese imperial family in order to appease the people. Chabi also helped Kublai prevent the conversion of Chinese cultivating land into Mongol pastures, out of respect to the Chinese people. Chabi and Kublai's combined cosmopolitan views were effective at adopting Chinese culture without being overwhelmed by it. Chabi converted to Nestorian Christianity under the influence of her mother-in-law, Sorgaghtani Beki and after Chabi's conversion, Nestorianism was fast spread around China . With Chabi's help, Kublai was able to control his ambitious brother and the potentially unruly Chinese scholar-gentry and peasantry.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jack Weatherford (2011). The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire Paperback. Broadway Books. .

description: Chinese & mongol empress of the Yuan dynasty

wikidata_label: Chabi

wikipedia_title: Chabi


text:
Selim I
Alaüddevle Bozkurt
Emirate of Dulkadir
Mamluks
Ottoman Empire
Shah Ismail
Persia
Anatolia
Kızılbaş
Shi'a
Sivas
Dulkadirid

categories: Turkic rulers,16th-century deaths,Muslim rulers

paragraph: Ali Bey, Prince of Dulkadir

paragraph: Ali Bey, Prince of Dulkadir, was a former governor of Dulkadir, appointed by the Ottoman sultan Selim I. After resisting threats to his authority, he fell under suspicion of treason by Selim and was removed as governor in 1522.

paragraph: Section::::Governor of Dulkadir.

paragraph: Ali Bey, nephew of the Emirate of Dulkadir bey Alaüddevle Bozkurt, enters into the pages of history in 1515, after the former Emirate of Dulkadir was taken from the Mamluks by the Ottoman Empire. After the victory, Ali Bey was appointed governor of the now province by the Ottoman sultan Selim I, and Alaüddevle's head was delivered to the city of Cairo.

paragraph: In early 1520, Shah Ismail of Persia gave tacit approval to an uprising in Anatolia by the Kızılbaş, a Shi'a militant group. Known as the Şah Veli uprising because of the involvement of a Kızılbaş leader in Ottoman province of Sivas named Şah Veli, it soon became so problematic to Anatolia that the governor of Sivas wrote to Selim for help. The Kızılbaş had many members within its ranks that were associated with the former Dulkadirid rulers who opposed Ali Bey. After two successive defeats at the hands of the Ottoman army, Şah Veli was brought to Ali Bey and dismembered for all to see. This execution was meant to warn anyone who threatened Ali Bey that support for the Kızılbaş was not to be tolerated under any circumstances. In 1522, he was removed as governor by Selim I after being accused of treason.

wikidata_label: Ali Bey, Prince of Dulkadir

wikipedia_title: Ali Bey, Prince of Dulkadir


text:
bishop of Carpentras
saint
Catholic Church
monk
Lérins Abbey
Carpentras
Venasque
feast day
translated
relics
French Revolution
Carpentras Cathedral

paragraph: Siffredus of Carpentras

paragraph: Saint Siffredus of Carpentras () was a bishop of Carpentras who is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church.

paragraph: Siffredus was a monk in Lérins Abbey before becoming bishop of Carpentras at the beginning of the seventh century. Not much is known of his life and Siffredus does not appear to have participated in any church council. However, during his episcopate, he ordered the construction of many churches in Carpentras and in Venasque.

paragraph: Religious and popular tradition holds that Siffredus led an austere life and was zealous in his pastoral duties, caring for the poor and exorcising demons.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: The traditional date of his death, 27 November, was fixed as his feast day as early as the eleventh century, when his name appears in local martyrologies. Siffredus’ body was translated sometime before the thirteenth century from Venasque to Carpentras. His relics were saved from destruction during the French Revolution by a priest in 1793, and are still preserved in Carpentras Cathedral, which is dedicated to him.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reyne, André, 1983: "Saint Siffrein: évêque et patron de Carpentras". Avignon: Aubanel

description: French bishop and saint

wikidata_label: Siffredus of Carpentras

wikipedia_title: Siffredus of Carpentras


text:
County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag
Beitstad
Nord-Trøndelag
Inderøy District Court
Steinkjer
Innherreds Kreditbank
Ogndalsbruket
Ole Anton Qvam
Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk
Fylkesbilene i Nord-Trøndelag
Nord-Trøndelag County Municipality

categories: Norwegian jurists,People in bus transport,Norwegian bankers,1931 deaths,People from Steinkjer,1859 births

paragraph: Halvor Bachke Guldahl

paragraph: Halvor Bache Guldahl (18 March 1859 – 10 October 1931) was a Norwegian jurist, businessman and County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag.

paragraph: He was born in the village of Beitstad in Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. After graduating in law, he worked at Inderøy District Court. He then started as a solicitor in Steinkjer. He was co-founder of Innherreds Kreditbank in 1887, and was the first bank director. From 1894 to 1902, he managed Ogndalsbruket, an operating company for forestry and related resources in the municipal.

paragraph: Guldahl was acting county governor from 1898 to 1902, while Ole Anton Qvam was member of Parliament and later government minister. He was appointed county governor again in 1916, and sat until 1927. As county governor, he was one of the leading initiatives to found the county-owned power company Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk and the bus company Fylkesbilene i Nord-Trøndelag. He was Fylkesbilene's first chair.

paragraph: He died in October 1931 in Oslo. His will left large assets, including a collection of paintings, to Nord-Trøndelag County Municipality.

description: Norwegian businessman

wikidata_label: Halvor Bache Guldahl

wikipedia_title: Halvor Bachke Guldahl


text: ancient Egypt

text: nomarch

text: nomos

text: Upper Egypt

text: the Hare

text: twelfth dynasty

text: Amenemhat II

text: Senusret II

text: Senusret III

text: nomarch

text: Middle Kingdom

text: necropolis

text: Deir el-Bersha

text: Old Kingdom

text: pharaoh

text: First Intermediate Period

text: Nomarchs of the Hare nome

text: limestone

text: Ernesto Schiaparelli

text: colossal statue

text: Percy Newberry

categories: Colossal statues,Officials of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt,Nomarchs

paragraph: Djehutihotep

paragraph: Djehutihotep (""Thoth is satisfied"") was an ancient Egyptian nomarch of the fifteenth "nomos" of Upper Egypt (""the Hare"") during the twelfth dynasty, c. 1900 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Djehutihotep lived under the reigns of Amenemhat II, Senusret II, and Senusret III and was one of the most powerful nomarchs of the Middle Kingdom. His tomb—the only one among the necropolis of Deir el-Bersha that wasn't damaged by the explosives used in recent quarrying methods—is well known for the great quality of its decorations, a work carried out by an artist named Amenaankhu. For this reason, it is believed that Djehutihotep died prior to the strict measures reducing the power of the nomarchs that were established by Senusret III. Indeed, as their charge became hereditary at the end of the Old Kingdom, the nomarchs became local rulers effectively, although not nominally, independent of the pharaohs. This situation led to excesses in the exercise of power that worsened steadily during the First Intermediate Period. It was not until Senusret's measures were imposed that such abuse of power later exercised by nomarchs, stopped posing a threat to the integrity of the Egyptian state.

paragraph: Being part of the hereditary nomarchial system, Djehutihotep's family held the office of local governor for several generations. Djehutihotep was the son of a woman named Satkheperka and an official named Kay. The latter was the brother of Djehutynakht VI and Amenemhat, both of whom became governors of the Hare nome, although Kay did not. Djehutihotep was married to a woman named Hathorhotep. Her parents are not recorded in known sources. Several children of Djehutihotep are known. See "Nomarchs of the Hare nome" for further notes about his genealogy.

paragraph: Two limestone jambs from Djehutihotep's tomb entrance are now on display in the National Archeological Museum of Florence (inv. nos. 7596 and 7597), having been purchased by Ernesto Schiaparelli in 1891-92. The jambs list his several civil and religious titles, which include "Treasurer of the King", "Unique friend (of the King)", "Overseer of the priests", and "Great overlord of the Hare nomos" (i.e. nomarch). Djehutihotep was represented at the bottom of the jambs.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:The “colossus on a sledge”.

paragraph: By far, Djehutihotep is known best for the famous decoration inside his tomb that represents the transport of a colossal statue of him that was nearly high, being transported by 172 workers using ropes and a slide, in an effort that is facilitated by pouring water in front of the slide. With an estimated weight of , it was carved by a scribe, Sipa son of Hennakhtankh. Unfortunately, no traces of this colossus have ever been found. The colossus' depiction itself was irremediably vandalized and destroyed in 1890, and all the existing drawings are based on a single photo taken the previous year by a certain Major Brown.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Percy Newberry, "El Bersheh, part I: The tomb of Tehuti-hetep", London, 1891.

description: ancient Egyptian nomarch

wikidata_label: Djehutihotep

wikipedia_title: Djehutihotep


text: Bern

text: Switzerland

text: silver medal

text: 5000 metres

text: 1984 Summer Olympics

text: Los Angeles

categories: Sportspeople from Bern,1955 births,Swiss male long-distance runners,Olympic silver medalists for Switzerland,Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics,Living people,Olympic athletes of Switzerland,Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field),Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics,European Athletics Championships medalists,Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Markus Ryffel

paragraph: Markus Ryffel (born 5 February 1955 in Bern) is a former long-distance runner from Switzerland who won the silver medal in the 5000 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He set the Swiss record at 13:07.54 min. He also won a silver medal at the 1978 European Championships in Athletics, sharing it with the Soviet Union's Alexander Fedotkin; they both lost just one-tenth of a second to Italy's Venanzio Ortis.

paragraph: Between these two major championships medals, Ryffel had a rather varying success as a 5,000-metre runner. In the 1980 Moscow Olympics, he placed fifth in that distance, losing to the winner, Ethiopia's Miruts Yifter, by 2.1 seconds. He ran significantly worse in the 1982 European Athletics Championships in Athens and in the 1983 World Athletics Championships in Helsinki, Finland, placing only tenth and twelfth, respectively.

paragraph: Ryffel's final few years as a competitive runner, after the Los Angeles Olympics, were also rather undistinguished. He placed third in a time of slightly over 14 minutes at 5,000 metres in the European Athletics Cup's B final in Budapest in 1985. In the 1986 European Athletics Championships, he dropped out of the 5,000-metre final. In his last major international championships, the 1987 World Athletics Championships, he placed well outside the top ten runners at 10,000 metres and was eliminated in the 5,000-metre qualifying heats.

paragraph: Section::::Personal Bests.

paragraph: 1500m: 3:38.60

paragraph: Mile: 3:58.05

paragraph: 2000m: 4:59.54

paragraph: 3000m: 7:41.00

paragraph: 5000m: 13:07.54

paragraph: 10000m: 27:54.29

description: athletics competitor

wikidata_label: Markus Ryffel

wikipedia_title: Markus Ryffel


text:
Catalan
Occitan
troubadour
viscount of Àger
Cabrera
Ponç II de Cabrera
ensenhamen
jongleur
herald
arms
rhyme scheme
octosyllabic
viol
Breton
cadence
sirventesc
balaresc
estribot
retroencha
contenson
Riquer, Martí de

categories: French male poets,1160s deaths,Year of birth unknown,Catalan people,Troubadours

paragraph: Guerau III de Cabrera

paragraph: Guerau III de Cabrera (died 1160/61), also called Guiraut (or Giraut) de Cabreira, was a Catalan nobleman and Occitan troubadour. He was the viscount of Àger and Cabrera from 1145. He was the son of Ponç II de Cabrera and Sancha.

paragraph: Guerau is today most famous for his "ensenhamen", a long didactic poem written for his jongleur, Cabra. Cabra's name, which means goat and is related to the name of his master's viscounty (Cabrera), probably indicates that he was Guerau's herald, since heralds often took the names of the arms of their lords. Guerau's arms bore a goat.

paragraph: The "ensenhamen" is divided into 216 lines. The rhyme scheme is of two four-syllable rhyming lines followed by an octosyllabic line ending in "-on", repeated. The entire poem is basically a disorderly and wordy catalogue the things (names, songs, and stories) which Cabra ought to know in his capacity as public entertainer, but which in fact he does not know. The eruditeness of the work is impressive, giving evidence of Guerau's learning, the writings he would have had access to in twelfth-century Catalonia, and the typical repertoire of a contemporary jongleur.

paragraph: The "ensenhamen" begins with twenty-four lines of criticism concerning what Cabra does not do. He is accused of "mal saps viular / e pietz chantar": poor knowledge of how to play the viol and worse still of singing. He cannot finish with a proper "Breton cadence" ("tempradura de breton"). Guerau goes on:

paragraph: Finally, Guerau lists the various genres and types of song which Cabra does not have in his repertoire: "sirventesc", "balaresc", "estribot", "retroencha", and "contenson". It is clear that by Guerau's time, Occitan lyric poetry had already witnessed a proliferation of genres. To the historian of culture, these twenty-four lines are an important source for the qualifications of a good jongleur.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Riquer, Martí de (1964). "Història de la Literatura Catalana", vol. 1. Barcelona: Edicions Ariel.

description: troubadour

wikidata_label: Guerau III de Cabrera

wikipedia_title: Guerau III de Cabrera


text: professional wrestler

text: promotions

text: National Wrestling Alliance

text: Continental Wrestling Association

text: Georgia Championship Wrestling

text: National Wrestling Alliance

text: Championship Wrestling from Florida

text: tag team

text: Los Angeles, California

text: NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship

text: John Tolos

text: dropped

text: Ernie Ladd

text: tag team

text: NWA Americas Tag Team Championship

text: feud

text: Victor Rivera

text: Man Mountain Mike

text: Kurt Von Hess

text: S.D. Jones

text: Buddy Roberts

text: Hollywood Blonds

text: Roddy Piper

text: Southeastern United States

text: Georgia

text: Georgia Championship Wrestling

text: NWA Georgia Tag Team Championship

text: Jimmy

text: Johnny Valiant

text: Gene

text: Ole Anderson

text: Tennessee

text: NWA Southern Tag Team Championship

text: Louisiana

text: NWA United States Tag Team Championship

text: Dr. X

text: Ray Candy

text: Ciclón Negro

text: Doug Somers

text: Eric Embry

text: Chief Frank Hill

text: Jim Crockett, Jr.

text: Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling

text: Jay Youngblood

text: NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship

text: Don Kernodle

text: Pvt. Jim Nelson

text: Iceman King Parsons

text: Jerry Jarrett

text: Continental Wrestling Association

text: Memphis, Tennessee

text: Troy Graham

text: The Bruise Brothers

text: heels

text: AWA Southern Tag Team Championship

text: stable

text: Jimmy Hart

text: The Sheepherders

text: New Zealand

text: Dutch Mantel

text: Koko B. Ware

text: The Rock 'n' Roll Express

text: referee

text: Ricky Morton

text: The Fabulous Ones

text: Len Denton

text: Tony Anthony

text: Eddie Gilbert

text: draw

text: Ron Fuller

text: Southeastern Championship Wrestling

text: Alabama

text: Tennessee

text: Boris Zhukov

text: NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship

text: Lord Humongous

text: Jeff Van Kamp

text: Jimmy Golden

text: Central States Wrestling

text: Bart Batten

text: foreign object

text: Rufus R. Jones

text: The Batten Twins

text: manager

text: Rufus R. Jones

text: World Wrestling Entertainment

text: Bruce Prichard

text: independent

text: Floyd Womack

text: National Football League

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: Central States Wrestling

text: 1 time

text: 2 times

text: Ken Timbs

text: Georgia Championship Wrestling

text: NWA Georgia Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling

text: NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship

text: 2 times

text: Jay Youngblood

text: Iceman King Parsons

text: NWA

text: NWA Hollywood Wrestling

text: NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship

text: 2 times

text: NWA Americas Tag Team Championship

text: 4 times

text: Victor Rivera

text: S.D. Jones

text: 1 time

text: AWA Southern Tag Team Championship

text: 2 times

text: Dream Machine

text: NWA Tri-State

text: NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Doug Somers

text: 2 time

text: Mike George

text: Dr. X

text: Southeastern Championship Wrestling

text: NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: 1 time

categories: 1955 births,Living people,American male professional wrestlers

paragraph: Porkchop Cash

paragraph: Bobby Cash (born October 22, 1947) is an American semi-retired professional wrestler. He competed primarily in promotions operated by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), like the Continental Wrestling Association and Georgia Championship Wrestling.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:NWA Hollywood Wrestling (1968—1976).

paragraph: Cash made his wrestling debut in 1968, competing for the National Wrestling Alliance affiliated Championship Wrestling from Florida. He wrestled both as a singles competitor and in tag team matches with partner Frank Hester. The following year, he began wrestling for a Los Angeles, California-based territory known as NWA Hollywood Wrestling. He soon won the NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship by defeating John Tolos on March 22, 1974. After holding the belt for over two months, he dropped it to Black Gordman. In a rematch two weeks later, Cash regained the belt. Less than a month later, Ernie Ladd beat Cash to win the championship.

paragraph: After losing the title, Cash formed a tag team with Manny Soto. Together, they defeated Black Gordman and Goliath to win the NWA Americas Tag Team Championship on July 24. The following month, Cash and Soto dropped the belts to the team of Angel Blanco and Dr. Wagner. Cash was involved in a feud with Butcher Brannigan, and he teamed with Victor Rivera to regain the NWA Americas Tag Team Championship on September 14 by defeating Brannigan and Man Mountain Mike. They held the belts until a loss to Otto Von Heller and Kurt Von Hess October 12. The following year, Cash teamed with S.D. Jones to win the belts for a third time. They won the belts from Jerry Brown and Buddy Roberts, collectively known as the Hollywood Blonds, but dropped the belts back to the Blonds the following month. Cash's final reign came in 1976, when he and Frank Monte defeated the team of Roddy Piper and Crusher Verdu for the belts. The reign was brief, however, as Cash and Monte soon dropped the belts to The Scorpions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Southeastern United States.

paragraph: In 1976, Cash left California to compete in the Southeastern United States. Cash's first stop was Georgia, where he wrestled for Georgia Championship Wrestling. While there, he won the NWA Georgia Tag Team Championship by teaming with Tom Jones to defeat Jimmy and Johnny Valiant. The following month, Cash and Jones lost the title to Gene and Ole Anderson. Cash also wrestled for Tennessee-based NWA Mid-America. He teamed with Gorgeous George, Jr. to win the Mid-America version of the NWA Southern Tag Team Championship in February 1977.

paragraph: In Louisiana, Cash became a two-time holder of the Tri-State version of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship. His first reign was with Mike George, as the team defeated The Medics (Billy Garrett and Jim Starr) on August 16, 1977. They held the belts for only a week, however, as they lost them in a rematch. Cash regained the belts in August 1977 from The Medics, this time with Dr. X as his partner. The team split up in September, however, and Cash and Dr. X faced each other for control of the title. Cash took Ray Candy as his partner, and Dr. X teamed with Ciclón Negro. Negro and Dr. X won the match, bringing Cash's title reign to an end.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:NWA Tri-State.

paragraph: Cash returned to Louisiana in 1981, although NWA Tri-State had been purchased by new owners. Cash regained the tag team title, which had since been renamed the NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship, by teaming with Doug Somers to defeat Eric Embry and Chief Frank Hill. Once again, Cash's title reign ended because of a split from his partner, as Cash and Somers went their separate ways later that year.

paragraph: The following year saw Cash join Jim Crockett, Jr.'s Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling. Once again, he enjoyed success as a tag team competitor. Joining up with Jay Youngblood, he won the NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship in March 1982. After dropping the belts to Don Kernodle and Pvt. Jim Nelson, Cash formed a team with Iceman King Parsons to regain the title. In August, however, Cash once again lost the championship to Kernodle and Nelson.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Continental Wrestling Association.

paragraph: After leaving the Mid-Atlantic territory, Porkchop Cash then joined Jerry Jarrett's Continental Wrestling Association based in Memphis, Tennessee. Cash soon formed a tag team with Troy Graham (who wrestled as "Dream Machine") known as The Bruise Brothers. Wrestling as heels, they held the AWA Southern Tag Team Championship twice. The Bruise Brothers were in the First Family stable of Jimmy Hart. Their main rivals were The Sheepherders, a tag team from New Zealand. They beat Dutch Mantel and Koko B. Ware for their first title on October 3, 1983. They also had a series matches with The Rock 'n' Roll Express, trading the AWA Southern Tag Team Championship with them. A notable moment in the feud came after their match on November 7, 1983. Cash and Graham lost the match and the belts and responded by attacking the referee, Paul Morton (father of Ricky Morton of The Rock 'n' Roll Express). The Bruise Brothers avenged their loss one week later by regaining the championship. On November 29, 1983, The Bruise Brothers dropped the belts to The Fabulous Ones. Tension built within Hart's stable, and The Bruise Brothers faced stablemates The Grapplers (Len Denton and Tony Anthony) in a "losers no longer managed by Jimmy Hart" match on December 26. The Grapplers won, leaving Cash and Graham without a manager. Shortly thereafter, Cash replaced Graham with Maddog Boyd. Cash and Boyd initiated a feud with Eddie Gilbert by stealing a portrait of Gilbert that he had been showing off every week and offering to award to the winner of a draw.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Southeastern Championship Wrestling.

paragraph: Cash next moved to Ron Fuller's Southeastern Championship Wrestling, which operated throughout Alabama and the eastern half of Tennessee. He won his first singles title since 1974 when he defeated Boris Zhukov for the NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship in September 1984. He held the title for two months before dropping it to Lord Humongous (portrayed by Jeff Van Kamp). He also won the NWA Southeastern Heavyweight Championship with a victory over Jimmy Golden in January 1985. Two months later, he lost the belt to Boomer Lynch.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Central States Wrestling.

paragraph: After leaving Fuller's territory, Cash appeared next in Central States Wrestling in early 1987. He formed a team with Ken Timbs and challenged champions Rick McCord and Bart Batten for the NWA Central States Tag Team Championship. Cash and Timbs appeared to win the title on April 3, 1987, but the title was declared vacant because Cash used a foreign object to get the victory. In a rematch on April 10, Cash and Timbs defeated McCord and Batten again to win the championship officially. Timbs eventually left the promotion, and the titles were vacated once again.

paragraph: Cash also briefly held the NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship after defeating Rufus R. Jones, but he lost the belt in a rematch one week later. He then returned to tag team competition, joining up with Ric McCord to win the NWA Central States Tag Team Championship once again. They defeated The Batten Twins (Brad and Bart) for the belts on November 9, 1987 but lost the title to the Montana Cowboys (Mike Stone and Rick Patterson) on November 26. While working for NWA Central States, Cash also worked as a manager, calling himself "The Boss" Porkchop Cash while assisting wrestlers Russell Sapp and "Krusher" Karl Kovac.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:World Wrestling Federation (1988).

paragraph: Cash worked as enhancement talent for WWF between July and October 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Universal Championship Wrestling.

paragraph: Not long after his stint in the Central States area, Cash remained close to the area working for Bert Prentice's Universal Championship Wrestling out of Wichita, KS. He would enter the territory to begin a feud with his former Central States tag-team partner Ric McCord over McCord's recently won North American Heavyweight title. Porkchop would also feud with Rufus R. Jones and his nephew Boogaloo Jones, sometimes teaming up with fellow heel, and Dusty Rhodes lookalike Randy Rhodes. Porkchop would win the North American Championship from Ric McCord in November 1990, losing it back to McCord a few weeks later.

paragraph: Section::::Semi-retirement.

paragraph: Several years later, Porkchop Cash came out of retirement to do a special three-way tag match with the Rock and Roll Express and the Midnight Express. His tag team partner was former rival Koko B. Ware, and the pair formed the PYT Express.

paragraph: On January 21, 2005, Cash defeated The Psycho to win the NWA Mississippi Cruiserwight Championship. He held the belt for over a year before dropping it to Brother Love (not to be confused with the character portrayed by World Wrestling Entertainment's Bruce Prichard). Porkchop Cash is now semi-retired but still wrestles on occasional independent shows.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Floyd Womack of the National Football League's Seattle Seahawks received the nickname "Pork Chop Womack" from his mother because she thought that her son looked like Porkchop Cash.

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Central States Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Central States Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Ken Timbs (1) and Rick McCord (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georgia Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Georgia Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Tom Jones

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Jay Youngblood (1) and Iceman King Parsons (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Missouri Wrestling Federation / Midwest Wrestling Federation

paragraph: BULLET::::- MWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Nemesis

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Battlezone

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Mississippi Cruiserwight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Hollywood Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (4 times) - with Manny Soto (1), Victor Rivera (1), S.D. Jones (1), and Frank Monte (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Mid-America - Continental Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-America version) (1 time) - with Gorgeous George, Jr.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Dream Machine

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Tri-State

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Doug Somers

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA United States Tag Team Championship "(Tri-State version)" (2 time) - with Mike George (1) and Dr. X (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southeastern Championship Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA Southeastern Heavyweight Championship "(Northern Division)" (1 time)

description: American professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Porkchop Cash

wikipedia_title: Porkchop Cash


text: chemical engineer

text: University of New South Wales

text: vice-chancellor

text: Philip Baxter College

text: University of Birmingham

text: Imperial Chemical Industries

text: Widnes

text: chlorine

text: fluorine

text: Second World War

text: James Chadwick

text: uranium hexafluoride

text: Tube Alloys

text: nuclear weapons

text: Oak Ridge, Tennessee

text: Manhattan Project

text: chemical engineering

text: Australian Atomic Energy Commission

text: International Atomic Energy Agency

text: High Flux Australian Reactor

text: Lucas Heights

text: National Institute of Dramatic Art

text: Sydney Opera House Trust

text: Sydney Opera House

text: Machynlleth

text: telegraphist

text: British Post Office

text: Hereford

text: Hereford High School for Boys

text: Northern Universities Matriculation

text: University of Birmingham

text: metallurgy

text: Bachelor of Science

text: first class honours

text: Master of Science

text: Doctor of Philosophy

text: carbonic oxide

text: Imperial Chemical Industries

text: Billingham

text: sodium hydroxide

text: stenographer

text: Stockton-on-Tees

text: Alexander Fleck

text: Widnes

text: register office

text: Farnworth

text: chlorine

text: fluorine

text: Electrolysis of salt water

text: Lindane

text: insecticide

text: Agricultural Research Station

text: Jealott's Hill

text: Conservative Party

text: Widnes UK Parliament constituency

text: Second World War

text: James Chadwick

text: uranium hexafluoride

text: hydrofluoric acid

text: Tube Alloys

text: Frederick Lindemann

text: Lord Melchett

text: Oak Ridge, Tennessee

text: Manhattan Project

text: electromagnetic separation process

text: Brigadier General

text: Leslie R. Groves, Jr.

text: Springfields

text: plutonium

text: chemical engineering

text: ocean liner

text: Orcades

text: Enfield

text: Sydney Technical College

text: Ultimo

text: Kensington

text: Arthur Denning

text: vice-chancellor

text: Prime Minister

text: Robert Menzies

text: Keith Murray

text: primus inter pares

text: Ronald Hartwell

text: Rupert Myers

text: Mark Oliphant

text: nuclear power

text: Australian Atomic Energy Commission

text: Jack Stevens

text: Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company

text: Board of Governors

text: International Atomic Energy Agency

text: Coogee

text: Sir John Cockcroft

text: Atomic Energy Research Establishment

text: Harwell

text: Harry Messel

text: University of Sydney

text: nuclear reactor

text: High Flux Australian Reactor

text: DIDO reactor

text: moderated

text: heavy water

text: enriched uranium

text: Lucas Heights

text: critical

text: Mount Isa

text: weapons-grade plutonium

text: John Gorton

text: CANDU reactor

text: Jervis Bay

text: Queen's Birthday Honours

text: 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours

text: Australian Broadcasting Commission

text: Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust

text: National Institute of Dramatic Art

text: Cate Blanchett

text: Judy Davis

text: Mel Gibson

text: Baz Luhrmann

text: Hugo Weaving

text: Sydney Opera House Trust

text: Jørn Utzon

text: Sydney Opera House

text: Montreal University

text: University of Newcastle

text: University of Queensland

text: Loughborough University

text: Philip Baxter College

text: Haberfield

categories: University of New South Wales faculty,British chemical engineers,1989 deaths,Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire,Sydney Opera House,People associated with the nuclear weapons programme of the United Kingdom,1905 births,Imperial Chemical Industries people,Alumni of the University of Birmingham,Vice-Chancellors of the University of New South Wales,Manhattan Project people,Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science

paragraph: Philip Baxter

paragraph: Sir John Philip Baxter (7 May 1905 – 5 September 1989), better known as Philip Baxter, was a British chemical engineer. He was the second director of the University of New South Wales from 1953, continuing as vice-chancellor when the position's title was changed in 1955. Under his administration, the university grew from its technical college roots into the "fastest growing and most rapidly diversifying tertiary institution in Australia". Philip Baxter College is named in his honour.

paragraph: Baxter was born in Wales, but grew up in England, entering the University of Birmingham at age 16. He joined Imperial Chemical Industries as a chemical engineer, and became head of the Central Laboratory of its General Chemicals Division in Widnes, investigating the chemistry of chlorine and fluorine. He was elected to the Widnes Municipal Council in 1939, a seat he held until 1949. During the Second World War he provided James Chadwick with samples of uranium hexafluoride for Tube Alloys, the British wartime nuclear weapons program, and later established a pilot plant to produce it in Widnes. In 1944, in response to a request from the Americans for someone with expertise in both uranium chemistry and industrial operations, he went to Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to assist the Manhattan Project.

paragraph: Baxter was recruited by the then-New South Wales University of Technology as a professor of chemical engineering in 1949. He became one of the most prolific public advocates of nuclear power for Australia. He served as chairman of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission from 1957 to 1972 and the International Atomic Energy Agency from 1969 to 1970. He oversaw the construction of the High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR) at Lucas Heights. He also founded the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA), and, as the chairman of the Sydney Opera House Trust, brought the Sydney Opera House to completion and opening on 20 October 1973.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: John Philip Baxter was born in Machynlleth in Wales on 7 May 1905, the younger child of John Baxter and his wife Mary Netta Morton. He had an older sister, Muriel. His father was a telegraphist with the British Post Office, as was his mother before her marriage. The family moved to Hereford in England, where he attended Hereford High School for Boys. At school, he enjoyed playing tennis.

paragraph: Baxter passed the Northern Universities Matriculation examination when he was 14, but found that this was too young to be admitted to a university. He passed it again the following year, and then passed the University of London Matriculation examination the year after, when he was 16, after which he was permitted to enter the University of Birmingham. He was interested in metallurgy and enrolled in a science course. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree with first class honours in 1925, and his Master of Science the following year. His main form of recreation remained tennis. With the help of a £250 per annum James Watt research scholarship, he wrote his 1928 Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis on "The combustion of carbonic oxide", under the supervision of F. H. Burstall.

paragraph: Section::::Imperial Chemical Industries.

paragraph: A recommendation from Burstall helped Baxter secure a research engineer position with Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in Billingham, where a new chemical factory had been established to make sodium hydroxide. Here he met Lilian May Thatcher, who worked as a stenographer in nearby Stockton-on-Tees. The two became engaged, but before they could marry, Alexander Fleck had Baxter transferred to ICI's new General Chemicals Division in Widnes as head of the Central Laboratory. Baxter and Lilian were married in the register office in Stockton-on-Tees on 17 August 1931. Three years later they designed and built their own home in Farnworth, where they lived until 1949. They had four children: a daughter, Valerie; an adopted son, Peter; and sons Dennis and Roderick.

paragraph: The Central Laboratory's focus at this time was on the chemistry of chlorine and fluorine. Electrolysis of salt water produced chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), but there was not as much demand for the chlorine, so ICI was eager to create new products using chlorine that it could sell. New products that were created included various solvents, chlorinated rubber, and Lindane, an insecticide developed in collaboration with ICI's Agricultural Research Station at Jealott's Hill. Baxter personally received a number of patents for his work. He became Research Manager of the General Chemicals Division in 1935. He reorganised the Central Laboratory into seven sections, each with its own Assistant Research Manager, an organisational structure known as "Baxter and the seven dwarves", which was not generally considered a success at the time.

paragraph: In addition to his scientific work, Baxter was involved in local politics. He was elected to the Widnes Municipal Council in 1939, a seat he held until 1949. He was leader of the Conservative Party in the Council, and chairman of the local party organisation in the Widnes UK Parliament constituency.

paragraph: Section::::Tube Alloys.

paragraph: In 1940, with Britain at war during the Second World War, Baxter was approached by physicist James Chadwick, who asked if he could supply a sample of uranium hexafluoride. Baxter did so on a personal basis, using research money. Chadwick then came back and asked Baxter if he could supply a much larger amount, about . This time, Baxter demurred. The production of such a large quantity would require the purchase of additional equipment. ICI's hydrofluoric acid plant was out of commission and would require repairs. The bill for that amount of uranium hexafluoride would therefore come to around £3,000, a sum that he could not spend from research funds. He would require permission from senior ICI management, who would want to know if it would assist the war effort and whether 3 kg was all that would be required, or if further orders could be expected. Chadwick then revealed that this was part of a secret project, codenamed Tube Alloys, the object of which was to build an atomic bomb. Permission from ICI management was secured by Frederick Lindemann making a direct approach to Lord Melchett, one of ICI's directors.

paragraph: ICI pilot plants for producing of pure uranium metal and of uranium hexafluoride per diem commenced operation in Widnes in mid-1943. The following year, in response to a request from the Americans for someone with expertise in both uranium chemistry and industrial operations, Baxter was sent to Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for three months to assist the Manhattan Project. The electromagnetic separation process had problems with the efficiency of its chemical processes for uranium recovery. At the request of the director of the Manhattan Project, Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., Baxter subsequently returned to Oak Ridge for an indefinite period, this time with his family. He became the personal assistant to the general manager, with responsibility for coordinating research, development and production activities. For his wartime nuclear weapons work, Baxter was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1946.

paragraph: Baxter returned to Widnes as Research Director of the General Chemicals Division after the war ended in 1945. He became a director of

paragraph: Thorium Ltd, a company half owned by ICI that was involved in the production of radioactive substances, and was a consultant to the British nuclear energy program. His General Chemicals Division at Widnes was involved in chemical separation of uranium products, which he considered a patriotic duty. Baxter was personally responsible for the research and development that was the basis for the design of the Springfields uranium hexafluoride plant, and was a member of the committee that oversaw the construction of the chemical separation plant to extract plutonium. Much to Baxter's disappointment, ICI management did not see nuclear energy as being part of its core mission, and disengaged from it. He also became dismayed at political and economic developments in the United Kingdom after the Conservatives lost office in 1945.

paragraph: Section::::University of New South Wales.

paragraph: In 1949, Baxter heard that the New South Wales University of Technology was looking for a professor of chemical engineering. He applied, and was offered the job. Baxter and his family packed their belongings and sailed to Australia on the ocean liner "Orcades", arriving in Sydney on 16 January 1950. They bought a house in Enfield, where Baxter would reside for the rest of his life. At the time the university was located in temporary accommodation on the grounds of the Sydney Technical College campus in Ultimo. Baxter became the head of a new School of Chemical Engineering that was created on his arrival, but he initially had only one full-time staff member as most of the instruction was carried out by part-time staff. Although he had no previous teaching experience, he turned out to be a good, well-organised lecturer, and he worked closely with his first postgraduate students, whose research was into fields that Baxter had been involved with in England.

paragraph: A number of other professors disliked the name and organisational structure of the university, and wanted it to shake off the association with "technology" and become a "real university". While Baxter did not side with them, contending that the university's association with the government provided funding and facilities, most of what he did moved in that direction. He hired full-time staff, and broadened the scope of the subjects taught and the research carried out. A Department of Food Technology was the first, and for many years the only, one of its kind in Australia. He replaced the diploma-level with a new bachelor of science in chemical engineering degree, offering conversion courses to allow students to upgrade their diplomas to degrees. The first chemical engineering students had enrolled in 1949, and nine graduated with the bachelor of science degree in 1952. The School of Chemical Engineering became the first school to relocate to the new campus in Kensington in 1953.

paragraph: In February 1952, Baxter became deputy-director of the university. He defeated Arthur Denning in an election for director in December, assuming the position on 1 January 1953. As Denning had argued for the retention of the university's links with the Public Service Board, it was widely seen as a victory for the proponents of autonomy, but with his industrial background Baxter had little in common with the professors who came from academia, and did not share their views on the role and organisation of a university. The university did receive autonomy on 1 July 1954, and when traditional university titles were adopted in 1955, Baxter became vice-chancellor.

paragraph: A committee appointed by the Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, and chaired by Keith Murray, recommended in 1957 that a medical school be established at Kensington. Its creation, followed by that of a Faculty of Arts, prompted the university to change its name to the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in 1958. Baxter established a number of unusual schools. He created a School of Nuclear Engineering in anticipation that a nuclear power industry would be established in Australia. He also created schools of Textile Technology, Wool Technology, Food Technology and Highway Engineering and Traffic Engineering. The School of Business Administration and an Institute of Administration was established in 1960, and ultimately the Australian Graduate School of Management in 1969. When the Faculty of Arts was created, he insisted that all Arts students take at least one science subject.

paragraph: In Baxter's eyes, the main role of the university was to provide trained engineers and technologists for industry, which he believed was suffering from a critical skill shortage. With this constantly in mind, he pursued a rapid expansion of the university. Student numbers grew from 3,751 when he became vice-chancellor in 1955, to over 15,988 when he retired in 1969. This was far short of the university of 25,000 students that he had hoped to create, but in the 1950s the idea of a university that large horrified some academics. Baxter considered it wasteful when good students returned to academia after only a brief time working in industry, but even more so when they dropped out or failed their courses. While his critics saw high failure rates as the inevitable result of lowering admission standards in order to boost student numbers, Baxter viewed it as result of poor teaching and inefficient administration. He walked out of a heated Staff Association meeting on the matter. To help industry, he established Unisearch Limited, a company that provided expert assistance in 1959.

paragraph: Baxter's biggest clashes with academic staff were over governance issues. He had a preference for industry-style organisation, with clear lines of authority. In 1957, he created a committee of deans, chaired by himself, that met every Wednesday. This became the vice-chancellor's advisory committee in 1960. Through this he created an administrative mechanism which set the university free from the traditional constraints. He did away with the election of deans by the faculty, replacing it with one in which deans were appointed by the University Council on his recommendation. This provided for more efficient administration, but violated the academic tradition of a dean being "primus inter pares" among academic colleagues. This aroused the ire of academic staff, and in the end a compromise was reached whereby each faculty elected a chairman who was responsible for academic matters, while the council appointed a dean who was in charge of administrative matters. This proved to be quite successful, and was retained by Baxter's successors. Ronald Hartwell characterised Baxter's administration as "unusual, undemocratic and unacademic". His successor, Rupert Myers, declared that: "History will show Sir Philip Baxter to have been a great educational administrator who built a fine university and made many beneficial changes in the ways universities handled their business and interacted with governments and the community."

paragraph: Section::::Atomic knight.

paragraph: On 19 August 1949, the Australian government created the Industrial Atomic Energy Policy Committee, chaired by Mark Oliphant and with Baxter as a member, to advise government on the development of nuclear power in Australia. On the committee's own recommendation, it was superseded by the Atomic Energy Policy Committee in April 1952. This in turn was replaced by the Australian Atomic Energy Commission (AAEC) in November. The AAEC was run by a three commissioners, with Jack Stevens as chairman, Baxter as vice-chairman and Hugh Murray from the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company as the third member.

paragraph: Baxter succeeded Stevens as chairman in 1957. He worked part-time, spending Fridays at the AAEC until he retired from the UNSW in 1969. Thereafter he was full-time, until he retired from the AAEC on 15 April 1972. He was also the Australian member on the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency when it was created in 1957 and again from 1964 to 1972, serving as its chairman from 1969 to 1970.

paragraph: The AAEC established its offices in Coogee. Baxter and Frederick White from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) visited nuclear facilities in Britain, the United States and Canada in 1953. As there were few people in Australia with nuclear technology experience, he arranged with Sir John Cockcroft for Australians to be seconded to the British Atomic Energy Research Establishment in Harwell. Some 60 Australian scientists were working there by 1956. During a symposium on "Atomic Power in Australia" held at the New South Wales University of Technology on 31 August and 1 September 1954, Baxter clashed with Harry Messel, the head of the School of Physics at the University of Sydney, over the latter's plans to build a low-power experimental nuclear reactor.

paragraph: Baxter would have none of it; he wanted a "real reactor, not a low-power toy". He prevailed; the government authorised a High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR). Based on the DIDO reactor at Harwell, HIFAR was cooled and moderated by heavy water, and fuelled with enriched uranium. Construction began at Lucas Heights in October 1955, and HIFAR went critical on 26 January 1958. By the time he became full-time chairman in 1969, the AAEC had grown to an organisation with a staff of over 1,000 and a budget of $8.5 million. The AAEC explored the country looking for uranium deposits, developed technology for uranium enrichment, and produced designs for nuclear reactors.

paragraph: More controversially, Baxter pressed the case for Australia to have the capacity to produce nuclear weapons. In 1958, he proposed creating a facility at Mount Isa to breed weapons-grade plutonium. His proposals found a sympathetic ear in Prime Minister John Gorton, who approved plans to build a CANDU reactor at Jervis Bay in 1969. An access road was built and ground was cleared, but Gorton lost office on 10 March 1971, and the project was suspended, and later cancelled by his successors. Nailing his colours to the mast, Baxter continued his advocacy. In 1975 he declared:

paragraph: For his work as chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, Baxter was made a Companion Order of St Michael and St George in the Queen's Birthday Honours on 13 June 1959, and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Civil Division in the 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours on 12 June 1965.

paragraph: Section::::Arts and legacy.

paragraph: Baxter had been a member of the drama group in Stockton-on-Tees, and had performed on stage with University Drama Club at UNSW, sometimes with his daughter Valerie. In response to a request from the Australian Broadcasting Commission and the Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust in 1958 for improved training of actors, he founded the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA). By 2013, NIDA was regarded as one of the world's finest drama schools, with alumni that included Cate Blanchett, Judy Davis, Mel Gibson, Baz Luhrmann and Hugo Weaving.

paragraph: From 1969 to 1975, Baxter was part-time and unpaid chairman of the Sydney Opera House Trust. He had recently retired from the UNSW, but the job was no sinecure. The architect, Jørn Utzon, had left, construction was behind schedule and over budget, and specialist staff needed to be recruited. Baxter put the project under his unpopular but decisive grip, and brought the Sydney Opera House to completion and opening on 20 October 1973.

paragraph: Baxter was awarded honorary doctorates by Montreal University in 1958, the University of Newcastle in 1966, the University of Queensland in 1967, Loughborough University in 1970 and the UNSW in 1971. Philip Baxter College at the UNSW was named after him in 1966. He died in Haberfield on 5 September 1989, and his remains were cremated. He was survived by three of his children; his wife Lilian had died on 27 July 1989, and his son Peter had died in a motor vehicle accident in the 1960s. His papers are in the archives at the University of New South Wales.

description: British chemical engineer

wikidata_label: Philip Baxter

wikipedia_title: Philip Baxter


text: French

text: Michelin 3 starred

text: chef

text: Nouvelle Cuisine

text: Lyon

text: Maître d'

text: Mionnay

text: bistro

text: coaching inn

text: Food critic

text: Craig Claiborne

text: The New York Times

text: Gault Millau

text: Mionnay

text: Michel Roux Jr

text: Croix-Rousse cemetery

text: Lyon

text: Hotel Alain Chapel

text: 2006 review of Hotel Alain Chapel

text: Hotel Alain Chapel at Relais Chateaux

categories: 1937 births,Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants,People from Lyon,French chefs,1990 deaths

paragraph: Alain Chapel

paragraph: Alain Chapel (30 December 1937 – 10 July 1990) was a French Michelin 3 starred chef, credited with being one of the originators of Nouvelle Cuisine.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Chapel was born in Lyon, the son of Maître d' Charles and his wife Eva. At the outbreak of World War II, the family moved to the village of Mionnay 12 miles outside the city, where his father opened a bistro called "La Mere Charles" in an old coaching inn surrounded by lush gardens. There Alain Chapel received his first training.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Alain Chapel eventually returned to the family bistro which was then upgraded to a restaurant. In 1967 it was awarded its first Michelin star. After taking over the restaurant in 1970 on the death of his father, he converted the inn to a hotel and renamed it in his own name. In 1973, Chapel gained his third Michelin star, then one of only 19 restaurants all in France which had ever then gained the honour.

paragraph: Chapel's signature dishes included stuffed calves' ears with fried parsley, truffle-stuffed chicken tightly enveloped in a pork bladder and cooked in a rich chicken broth. Food critic Craig Claiborne writing for "The New York Times" in 1977 described Chapel's gateau de foies blonds as "his ultimate triumph" and "one of the absolute cooking glories of this generation". According to the "Gault Millau Guide to France": "A meal at Chapel's restaurant was like a symphony."

paragraph: Throughout the rest of his life, the establishment retained all three of its Michelin stars. The speed of transformation and the elaborate cuisine turned the village of Mionnay into a culinary landmark on any serious gastronomic tour of France. The attraction was also as great for young chefs, who sought the opportunity to work with Chapel – these included Michel Roux Jr.

paragraph: Section::::Death and succession.

paragraph: Chapel died of a stroke in 1990, leaving his wife Suzanne, and two sons, David and Romain. Under chef Philippe Jousse, and then Chapel's son Romain, the restaurant maintained two Michelin stars until closing in 2012.

paragraph: He is buried in Croix-Rousse cemetery in Lyon.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hotel Alain Chapel "in French"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 review of Hotel Alain Chapel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hotel Alain Chapel at Relais Chateaux

paragraph: BULLET::::- In-depth profile assessing Alain Chapel's achievements and influence

description: French chef

wikidata_label: Alain Chapel

wikipedia_title: Alain Chapel


text:
mozarab
Castilian
Alfonso X
Sancho IV
Pope Boniface VIII
Bishop of Cuenca
Burgos
Archbishop of Toledo
Primate of Spain
Cardinal-bishop of Albano
curia Romana
Toledo
alguacil
alcalde
University of Paris
University of Padua
Rome
canon
Cathedral of Burgos
dean of the chapter
Cathedral of Toledo
notary
Ferrand Martínez
primate
cortes
Valladolid
Ferdinand IV
Henry the Senator
Santa Maria Maggiore
Logroño
Diego López V de Haro
Pedro Rodríguez
Peñafiel
Gonzalo Díaz Palomeque
Juan Manuel
relics
chivalric novel
Libro del caballero Zifar

categories: Archbishops of Toledo,University of Paris alumni,Spanish Latinists,Bishops of Cuenca,Bishops of Burgos,Cardinal-bishops of Albano,Spanish notaries,13th-century Castilians,People from Toledo, Spain,University of Padua faculty,1230s births,1299 deaths

paragraph: Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel

paragraph: Gonzalo Pérez 'Gudiel' (1238/9–1299), simply Gonzalo Pérez during his life ("Gonzalbo Petrez", غنصالبه نيطرص, in his native mozarab Arabic), and wrongly Gonzalo García Gudiel in later church tradition, was a Castilian prelate and statesman in the service of kings Alfonso X and Sancho IV and Pope Boniface VIII. He was Bishop of Cuenca (1272) and Burgos (1275) and Archbishop of Toledo (1280), the first official Primate of Spain (1285) and finally Cardinal-bishop of Albano (1298) at the "curia Romana". His early career was that of an international scholar, before he settled into royal service.

paragraph: The future cardinal was born at Toledo in 1238 or 1239 into the city's mozarab gentry, to "alguacil alcalde" Pedro Juanes and his wife Teresa Juanes, daughter of "alguacil alcalde" Juan Ponce. The surname under which he is known, Gudiel, is associated with a false tradition about his parentage.

paragraph: Gonzalo went to study at the University of Paris. In 1260 he became the rector of the University of Padua. After a sojourn in Rome, he returned to Castile to become a first a canon of the Cathedral of Burgos and then the dean of the chapter at the Cathedral of Toledo.

paragraph: In 1272, Gonzalo was elected Bishop of Cuenca. During this period he served the king at times as a royal notary. In 1274 he received a gift from the king, and the charter was written up by Ferrand Martínez. On 27 September 1275 he was translated to the see of Burgos (vacant since 1269), and in May 1280 to the archdiocese of Toledo, the most important bishopric in Castile. In 1285 he was recognised as the primate of Spain ("primas Hispaniae").

paragraph: Under Sancho IV, Gonzalo was "great chancellor in all our realms" ("chanceller mayor en todos nuestros regnos") and Ferrand Martínez his scribe, but with the king's death in 1295 the archbishop's influence decreased. In the "cortes" held at Valladolid in the summer of that year, it was declared that ecclesiastical control of the chancery should cease. Chancery notaries should be laymen ("legos"). Gonzalo was one of those who opposed the assumption of the tutorship of the young king, Ferdinand IV, by his uncle, Henry the Senator, regarding the latter as "a great disturber" ("un gran bolliciador"). In the consistory of 4 December 1298 Pope Boniface VIII appointed him to the cardinal-bishopric of Albano. He died not long after in Rome, where he was buried in a "very nobly worked" ("muy noblemente obrada") sarcophagus in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, “near the chapel of "presepe domini", where Saint Jerome lies buried.”

paragraph: In the year 1300, in keeping with a promise he had made to the cardinal some years earlier, Ferrand Martínez went to Rome to fetch his body for burial in the cathedral of Toledo, in the front of the chapel of Santa María la Blanca. The return trip with the cardinal's body was extremely leisurely, making its way through Logroño to Burgos, where the corpse was received by King Ferdinand IV and his court, including Henry the Senator, Diego López V de Haro and Bishop Pedro Rodríguez of Burgos. This was probably between March and May 1301. At Peñafiel outside of Toledo it was received by Gonzalo's nephew, Gonzalo Díaz Palomeque, the new archbishop and by the local lord, Juan Manuel. It was reportedly greeted in the streets of Toledo by a delighted crowd of Christians, Jews and Muslims. The story of Gonzalo's relics is told in the prologue of the near-contemporary chivalric novel "Libro del caballero Zifar", possibly written by Ferrand Martínez.

description: Primate of Spain and Cardinal-bishop of Albano

wikidata_label: Gonzalo García Gudiel

wikipedia_title: Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel


text:
stage name
American
disc jockey
record producer
recording artist
Amityville, New York
Stetsasonic
Boogie Down Productions
MC Lyte
Big Daddy Kane
3rd Bass
De La Soul
3 Feet High and Rising
hip hop production
comedy sketches
A Prince Among Thieves
The Isley Brothers
Stetsasonic
3rd Bass
The Cactus Album
MC Search
Pete Nice
De La Soul
3 Feet High and Rising
De La Soul is Dead
Buhloone Mindstate
De La Soul is Dead
The Source (magazine)
3 Feet High and Rising
Check the Technique
Russell Simmons
Def Jam
Sex and Violence
Buhloone Mindstate
Too Poetic
Brothers Grimm
RZA
Wu-Tang Clan
Gravediggaz
Niggamortis
6 Feet Deep
Eazy-E
Ruthless Records
Vernon Reid
Teo Macero
Red Hot Organization
America is Dying Slowly
Wu-Tang Clan
Coolio
Fat Joe
The Source
Stakes Is High
A Prince Among Thieves
Big Daddy Kane
Xzibit
Kool Keith
Everlast
B movie
Handsome Boy Modeling School
Dan the Automator
So... How's Your Girl?
Sean Lennon
Del tha Funkee Homosapien
Alec Empire
Don Novello
Deltron 3030
MC Paul Barman
It's Very Stimulating
White People
RZA
Linkin Park
Tim Meadows
John Oates
Politics of the Business
Chuck D
Ice-T
Beatnuts
Wordsworth
SpongeBob SquarePants Movie
Om Records
Bill Laswell
Itstrumental
depression
The Art of Picking Up Women
the Dix
R&B
XM
Baby Elephant
Parliament
Talking Heads
Bernie Worrell
Don Newkirk
Turn My Teeth Up!
George Clinton
Shock G
Yellowman
Reggie Watts
Nona Hendryx
David Byrne
Gabby La La
Montezuma's Revenge
Emu SP-12
Ensoniq ASR-10
Akai MPC-60
Akai MPC-2000
Gimlet Media
Chris Lighty
Akai S900
The Bomb Squad
Public Enemy
Dan the Automator
Handsome Boy Modeling School
Tommy Boy
Warner Bros. Records
A Prince Among Thieves
Politics of the Business
Razor & Tie
Itstrumental
Hip Hop Gold Dust
On Fire
Stetsasonic
In Full Gear
3 Feet High and Rising
De La Soul
Blood, Sweat & No Tears
De La Soul Is Dead
Buhloone Mindstate
Niggamortis
6 Feet Deep
Gravediggaz
So... How's Your Girl?
Handsome Boy Modeling School
It's Very Stimulating
MC Paul Barman
White People
The Dix
Dino 5
Prince Paul RBMA video lecture session

categories: American hip hop DJs,Gravediggaz members,East Coast hip hop musicians,1967 births,21st-century American rappers,African-American male rappers,Stetsasonic members,Five percenters,African-American record producers,Grammy Award winners,American hip hop record producers,Tommy Boy Records artists,Rappers from New York (state),Horrorcore artists,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,People from Amityville, New York

paragraph: Prince Paul (producer)

paragraph: Paul Edward Huston, (born April 2, 1967) better known by his stage name Prince Paul, is an American disc jockey, record producer and recording artist from Amityville, New York. Paul began his career as a DJ for Stetsasonic. Since then he has worked on albums by Boogie Down Productions, MC Lyte, Big Daddy Kane and 3rd Bass, among others. Major recognition for Prince Paul came when he produced De La Soul's debut album "3 Feet High and Rising" (1989), in which he pioneered new approaches to hip hop production, mixing and sampling, as well as by adding comedy sketches.

paragraph: His first solo album, "", came out in 1997, followed by a second album, "A Prince Among Thieves", in 1999.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Paul was interested in music from a young age and started collecting vinyl when he was five. According to his late mother, he was mature for his age and tended to hang out with older friends.

paragraph: When he was in fifth grade he started DJing, using a makeshift setup of one Lafayette turntable hooked up to another turntable set and using the balance knob as a fader. In 1981, at age 14, Paul performed a DJ set at The Ace Center Amityville that helped him gain recognition. He did a routine with Trouble Funk's "Pump Me Up" which he later described as his "claim to fame." After The Ace Center performance Paul started doing parties and tapes with Biz Markie while he was in 8th grade. At the same time, Paul's middle school music teacher was Everett Collins, a drummer for The Isley Brothers. Collins later introduced Paul to De La Soul member Maseo.

paragraph: He began performing with groups during his teenage years, first joining a group called Soul Brothers with his longtime friend Don Newkirk, who would later re-join Paul as an official member of Brookzill! Paul was one of the original members of Stetsasonic. He joined the group in 1984 after impressing Daddy-O with his routine in the "Brevoit Day Celebration" DJ battle in Brooklyn. Daddy-O was struck by Paul's energy, saying that he performed his routine with Liquid Liquid's song "Cavern", "like he was mad at the turntables." Paul credits Grandmaster Flash's song "Flash To The Beat" as the reason he purchased his drum machine.

paragraph: Prince Paul produced "The Gas Face" and "Brooklyn-Queens" on 3rd Bass' 1989 debut "The Cactus Album." The original version of "The Gas Face" was recorded on 4-track cassette tape and started out as mistake. Paul wanted to change the beat after he realized the pattern wasn't what he wanted but MC Search and Pete Nice convinced him to keep it. The song was recorded on the 4th of July.

paragraph: He also worked on De La Soul's first three albums, "3 Feet High and Rising" (1989), "De La Soul is Dead" (1991), and "Buhloone Mindstate" (1993). "De La Soul is Dead" received a five mic album review from "The Source (magazine)". According to Paul, "3 Feet High and Rising" (1989) had a budget of about $20,000 dollars and took a month and a half to make. In Brian Coleman's book "Check the Technique" (2007) Paul reflected on his work with De La Soul by saying, "If there was ever a sign of the existence of God, De La Soul would be that proof to me. I’ve never had such a perfect fit in any other production situation."

paragraph: In 1990, Russell Simmons gave Prince Paul an imprint under his Def Jam label, however the only album, "It Takes a Nation of Suckers to Let Us In" by Resident Alien, was never officially released.

paragraph: In 1992 Paul produced the songs "Drug Dealer", "Sex and Violence", and "How Not To Get Jerked" for Boogie Down Productions' "Sex and Violence" album. Paul later expressed frustration over the experience of working on that album because the group released the album before he had a chance to finalize and polish his songs. KRS-One later apologized to Paul.

paragraph: In 1993 Paul co-produced De La Soul's "Buhloone Mindstate." Successful comedian Chris Rock, who would later work with Paul on several of his albums, listed the album as #10 on his "Top 25 Albums" list. He credited album as helping to shape him as a comedian.

paragraph: Along with Frukwan of Stetsasonic, Too Poetic of Brothers Grimm, and The RZA of Wu-Tang Clan, Prince Paul formed the group Gravediggaz. They recorded a demo together in 1991 and released their first album "Niggamortis/6 Feet Deep" in 1994 on Gee Street records. Before signing a deal with Gee Street, Eazy-E wanted to release the album on Ruthless Records. Paul flew to Los Angeles to have a meeting with Eazy-E and Jerry Heller but felt the contract offered to him was one of the worst he had seen in his career and declined. After the group signed to Gee Street, Paul estimated that it took them about six months to complete the album.

paragraph: In 1995, Prince Paul co-produced guitarist Vernon Reid's solo debut with Teo Macero. He also produced the "Horror City" album with Amityville rapper Superstar. After recording the demo, Paul unsuccessfully shopped it around to multiple labels. Paul used some of the same instrumentals on "A Prince Among Thieves" and had some of the same people rap on the album, but later said he preferred the "Horror City" originals. In 2010, after holding on the demo for 15 years, Paul decided to offer it as a free download online.

paragraph: In 1996, he appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD, America is Dying Slowly, alongside Wu-Tang Clan, Coolio, and Fat Joe. The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was called a masterpiece by "The Source" magazine.

paragraph: In 1996, during the early recording sessions for "Stakes Is High", De La Soul and Prince Paul decided to part ways. Although Paul was not involved in the making of the album, he has praised it in several interviews, once saying, "I was going through a serious transition period in my life when that album dropped. I was trying to figure out the next thing I was going to do; I was going through a custody case for my son, and I was running out of money. There were a lot of things going on at the time and in a sense, that album pulled me through everything."

paragraph: After this he released two solo albums: "" and "A Prince Among Thieves", featuring Big Daddy Kane, Xzibit, Kool Keith, and Everlast. When Paul was recording "Psychoanalysis" he thought his career was over and had a hard time finding people who wanted to be involved with the project. Many of the vocals were provided by friends of his from outside the music industry. Years later he recalled thinking, "Some people might get butt-hurt about it, but so what? It’s probably the last record I’ll make anyway,” during the recording of "Beautiful Night (Manic Psychopath)". The song is very dark and deals with date rape, racism, and violence.

paragraph: According to Paul, he originally proposed the idea for "A Prince Among Thieves" to Russell Simmons in the early 90s but Simmons wasn't interested. While describing his goals for the album in an interview he said, "I wanted to make a movie on wax. I wanted to make an adults’ kid album." To prepare for the album he watched many B movies and tried to use scenes from various films as inspiration. In addition to the extensive list of rappers on the album, Paul reached out to Vanilla Ice to perform on "Handle Your Time" with Sadat X and Xzibit. He also reached out to The Notorious B.I.G. about playing a role on the album and was supposed to meet up with him the night he was murdered.

paragraph: Prince Paul formed Handsome Boy Modeling School with Dan the Automator and their album "So... How's Your Girl?" featured Sean Lennon, Del tha Funkee Homosapien, Alec Empire, and Don Novello. He was also paired up with Deltron 3030 on their self-titled album for the song "The Fantabulous Rap Extravaganza". In 2000, Prince Paul produced MC Paul Barman's début EP "It's Very Stimulating", followed by another Handsome Boy Modeling School album, "White People", with guests including the RZA, Linkin Park, Tim Meadows, and John Oates.

paragraph: Prince Paul's 2003 album "Politics of the Business" again featured many guests such as Chuck D, Ice-T, the Beatnuts, and Wordsworth. The latter also collaborated on a track Paul composed for the "SpongeBob SquarePants Movie" soundtrack.

paragraph: In 2005 Paul won a Grammy award for his work on Chris Rock's Never Scared album, the first of his career.

paragraph: Several songs by Paul have been featured only on compilations such as Om Records's "Deep Concentration" and Bill Laswell's "Altered Beats".

paragraph: His most recent release is the album "Itstrumental". It encompasses a range of genres, relying heavily on past samples, especially from "A Prince Among Thieves", and combining them with lighthearted skits about his depression. He also produced the album "The Art of Picking Up Women" by the Dix, which combines some of hip-hop's misogyny and boasting with 1960s-style R&B.

paragraph: Paul was the host of XM radio's "The Ill Out Show", until the station was dropped following its merger with Sirius. The show presented news, classic songs, and interviews with various hip-hop artists.

paragraph: One of Prince Paul's more recent projects is Baby Elephant, a collaboration with Parliament and Talking Heads keyboardist Bernie Worrell, and longtime Paul associate Don Newkirk. An album "Turn My Teeth Up!", released in September 2007, features George Clinton, Shock G, Yellowman, Reggie Watts, Nona Hendryx, David Byrne, and Gabby La La.

paragraph: In 2008–2009, Paul collaborated with Oakland rap group Souls of Mischief on the group's album "Montezuma's Revenge" (2009). The idea for the album came about during a Handsome Boy Modeling School tour when Paul told Souls of Mischief member Opio, "Tell the guys that I want to produce the next album." The album was recorded in a rented house and many of the beats were made with vintage equipment, including a Emu SP-12, Ensoniq ASR-10, Akai MPC-60 and an Akai MPC-2000. Paul stated in an interview that his two favorite songs from the album are "Proper Aim" and "Morgan Freeman Skit".

paragraph: In 2012, Paul spoke openly in an interview about the possibility of doing another De La Soul album after Maseo had made some public comments about a reunion. In the interview, Paul states that he asked the members of De La Soul to work on a new album on and off since 1999. Though he wanted to do a reunion at one time, it seemed in the interview he had moved past the idea, partially because of the far more restrictive sampling laws that exist today. He said, "It’s nice to think about it, but I kind of like where we left it. There would be so many expectations. For me to do another De La record, I don’t think I could really live up to it. Especially in a day and age where I can’t openly sample like that."

paragraph: Paul later released "Throwback to the Future" with his Brazilian hip hop fusion group BROOKZILL! in 2016. In 2017 Prince Paul helped score the Gimlet Media podcast "Mogul" about hip-hop scene-maker Chris Lighty.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Paul has talked about his fondness for vintage equipment in several interviews. One of his favorite pieces of vintage equipment is the Akai S900, which he credits for having a unique sound, saying, "Even though it's big and bulky, nothing sounds like that. It's pretty flexible, it's easy to work, and it's easy to truncate your sample and get things tight...When you look at all this new technology, everything sounds very sterile. Everything is clean and super quiet. It kind of lacks something. When I plug that in, it's like, 'Wow, this is hip hop.'"

paragraph: Section::::Record Collection.

paragraph: He is known for sampling from a wide range of genres. Rapper Biz Markie once said of Paul's production style, "Prince Paul's contribution to hip-hop is that you could use records that weren't by James Brown or just break-beats."

paragraph: Section::::Style and influences.

paragraph: Paul credits The Bomb Squad and Public Enemy as being a significant influence on early De La Soul production, saying, "Early Public Enemy production used layers upon layers and layers, and their arrangements were always super duper incredible to me. We were kind of like students to what they did." In addition to The Bomb Squad, he also lists George Clinton, Dr. Dre, Rick Rubin, and Bernie Worrell as his major influences.

paragraph: While Paul continues to utilize samples, he has expanded his production to include live instrumentation, including guitar, bass guitar, and several analog keyboards. To combine elements of sampling and live instrumentation, Paul now re-plays some of his samples with instruments. In a 2010 interview he described the process by saying, "I’ve gotten to the point now where I’ll re-play samples with instruments. I learned how to interpolate, change the sound, and dust it out so that when I’m re-playing certain samples, it sounds like a direct sample from a record." Paul has credited the process of working with Dan the Automator on the Handsome Boy Modeling School project as helping him learn a great deal about production.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "" (WordSound Records, later reissued by Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records in 1997 with bonus cuts)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "A Prince Among Thieves" (Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Politics of the Business" (Razor & Tie)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Itstrumental" (Female Fun Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Hip Hop Gold Dust" (Antidote)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborative albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: "On Fire" (Stetsasonic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988: "In Full Gear" (Stetsasonic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: "3 Feet High and Rising" (De La Soul)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "Blood, Sweat & No Tears" (Stetsasonic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991: "De La Soul Is Dead" (De La Soul)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1992: "It Takes a Nation of Suckas to Let Us In" (Resident Alien) (latter released as a free download)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993: "Buhloone Mindstate" (De La Soul)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "Niggamortis/6 Feet Deep" (Gravediggaz)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Prince Paul presents Horror City" (Horror City) (later released as a free download)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999: "So... How's Your Girl?" (Handsome Boy Modeling School)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000: "It's Very Stimulating" (MC Paul Barman)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "White People" (Handsome Boy Modeling School)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "The Art of Picking Up Women" (The Dix)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Baby Loves Hip Hop presents The Dino 5" (Dino 5)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Negroes on Ice" (Negroes on Ice)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Throwback to the Future" (BROOKZILL!)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Paul RBMA video lecture session

description: American record producer

wikidata_label: Prince Paul

wikipedia_title: Prince Paul (producer)


text: Latinized

text: Italian

text: philosopher

text: Sessa Aurunca

text: Naples

text: Padua

text: Padua

text: Naples

text: Rome

text: Pisa

text: Leo X

text: Catholic

text: immortality

text: Pomponazzi

text: Alexandrists

text: Palatine

text: Medici

text: Averroes

text: Pietro Pomponazzi

text: soul

text: Aristotle

text: Ptolemy

categories: 16th-century deaths,1473 births,University of Pisa faculty

paragraph: Agostino Nifo

paragraph: Agostino Nifo (Latinized as "Agustinus Niphus" or "Augustinus Niphus"; 1538 or 1545) was an Italian philosopher and commentator.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born at Sessa Aurunca near Naples. He proceeded to Padua, where he studied philosophy. He lectured at Padua, Naples, Rome, and Pisa, and won so high a reputation that he was deputed by Leo X to defend the Catholic doctrine of immortality against the attack of Pomponazzi and the Alexandrists. In return for this he was made Count Palatine, with the right to call himself by the name Medici.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: In his early thought he followed Averroes, but afterwards modified his views so far as to make himself acceptable to the orthodox Catholics. In 1495 he produced an edition of the works of Averroes; with a commentary compatible with his acquired orthodoxy.

paragraph: In the great controversy with the Alexandrists he opposed the theory of Pietro Pomponazzi, that the rational soul is inseparably bound up with the material part of the individual, and hence that the death of the body carries with it the death of the soul. He insisted that the individual soul, as part of absolute intellect, is indestructible, and on the death of the body is merged in the eternal unity.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: His principal philosophical works are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- " (1503).

paragraph: BULLET::::- " (1518).

paragraph: BULLET::::- " (1521).

paragraph: BULLET::::- " (1523).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1526, written in 1504).

paragraph: BULLET::::- ' (1535) reprinted by Gabriel Naudè with the title ' (1645).

paragraph: His numerous commentaries on Aristotle were widely read and frequently reprinted, the best-known edition being one printed at Paris in 1645 in fourteen volumes (including the "Opuscula").

paragraph: Other works were ' (Bologna, 1531), ' (Lyon, 1549), and a commentary on Ptolemy.

paragraph: The famous phrase, to 'think with the learned, and speak with the vulgar' is attributed to Nifo.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:English translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leen Spruit (ed.), "Agostino Nifo De intellectu", Leiden: Brill, 2011 (Brill's Studies in Intellectual History).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:Studies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. J. Ashworth, "Agostino Nifo's Reinterpretation of Medieval Logic," "Rivista critica di storia della filosofia", 31, 1976, pp. 354–374.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lisa Jardine, "Dialectic or dialectical rhetoric. Agostino Nifo’s criticism of Lorenzo Valla", "Rivista critica di storia della filosofia", 36, 1981, pp. 253–270.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. P. Mahoney, "Two Aristotelians of the Italian Renaissance. Nicoletto Vernia and Agostino Nifo", Aldershot: Ashgate 2000.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich C. Kuhn Augustinus Niphus on Why to study Aristotle at Universities: The "Præfatio in libros de anima"

description: Italian philosopher

wikidata_label: Agostino Nifo

wikipedia_title: Agostino Nifo


text:
Chicago
Illinois
National Women's Party
World War I
Reno
Nevada
New York City
New York
art director
Extrovert
New York Magazine
New York Herald Tribune
Adeline Lobdell Atwater Papers
Newberry Library

categories: 1975 deaths,Writers from Chicago,1887 births

paragraph: Adeline Lobdell Atwater

paragraph: Adeline Lobdell was born 1887 in Chicago, Illinois. Lobdell married Henry Atwater, and the couple had two daughters. The family moved to Washington DC, where Adeline became active in the National Women's Party as the representative for Illinois. Following World War I, Lobdell was granted a divorce in Reno, Nevada and moved to New York City, New York, where she became the art director of the New Gallery. She then became a writer, composing both fiction such as "The Marriage of Don Quixote" and non-fiction such as "Autobiography of an Extrovert". In 1932, Lobdell remarried to Harold C. Pynchon. Her writing career flourished and she garnered attention for her short stories in "New York Magazine", "New York Herald Tribune", and "The Midwest Review of Literature".

paragraph: Adeline Atwater Pynchon died in 1975.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adeline Lobdell Atwater Papers at Newberry Library

description: American writer

wikidata_label: Adeline Lobdell Atwater

wikipedia_title: Adeline Lobdell Atwater


text:
Rostov-on-Don
The New Yorker
The Saturday Evening Post
Fortune
Museum of Modern Art
Brooklyn Museum
Amenia, New York
Armenian
Syracuse University
Archives of American Art
Boston University
George Gershwin
Mary Borden
Tantivy Towers
A. P. Herbert
George Gershwin
Cornelia Otis Skinner
Cornelia Otis Skinner
Janet Flanner
Our Hearts Were Young and Gay
Cornelia Otis Skinner
Emily Kimbrough
Alice Duer Miller
Isabel Scott Rorick
William Rose Benét
Chavchavadze
Cornelia Otis Skinner
Cornelia Otis Skinner
Herman Wouk
Ilka Chase
Cornelia Otis Skinner

categories: The Saturday Evening Post,Russian Armenians,People from Rostov-on-Don,1900 births,1987 deaths,American magazine illustrators,American people of Armenian descent,Imperial Russian emigrants to the United States

image: 512px-Аладжалов_Константин_Иванович.jpg

paragraph: Constantin Alajalov

paragraph: Constantin Alajálov (also Aladjalov) (18 November 1900 — 23 October 1987)

paragraph: was an Armenian-American painter and illustrator.

paragraph: He was born in Rostov-on-Don, Russia and immigrated to New York City in 1923, becoming a US citizen in 1928.

paragraph: Many of his illustrations were covers for such magazines as "The New Yorker", "The Saturday Evening Post",

paragraph: and "Fortune".

paragraph: He also illustrated many books, including the first edition of "George Gershwin's Song Book".

paragraph: His works are in New York's Museum of Modern Art and the Brooklyn Museum.

paragraph: He died in Amenia, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Constantin Alajálov was born in Rostov-on-Don, Russia in 1900 to an Armenian family and died in New York in 1987.

paragraph: In 1916, the Red Revolution broke out, interrupting Alajálov's time at the University of Petrograd. Unable to stay, Alajálov joined a government organized group of artists. Traveling the countryside, they painted large propaganda murals and posters for the revolution. After this, Alajálov emigrated to Persia and again started painting for a revolution until no longer safe.

paragraph: After his stay in Persia, Alajálov headed to Constantinople, his last stop before he emigrated to America at age 23. Getting a job was hard, but he finally landed one, painting wall murals at a restaurant about to be opened by Russian Countess Anna Zarnekau.

paragraph: Within three years, Alajálov was selling his paintings to "The New Yorker" magazine, where his first cover appeared on September 25, 1926. He went on to create more than 70 covers for the magazine. He also designed rugs for New York artist and entrepreneur Ralph Pearson.

paragraph: Alajálov's first cover for the "Saturday Evening Post" appeared on October 6, 1945 (unusual in that he was also doing covers for "The New Yorker" at the time, and both publications ordinarily required exclusivity of their artists). His final cover was for the December 1, 1962 issue. That final cover portrayed an accomplished bridge player awakened from a dream, still analyzing her bridge hand.

paragraph: Many of his "Saturday Evening Post" cover paintings can be viewed at the American Illustrators Hall of Fame in Indianapolis.

paragraph: His papers are at Syracuse University,

paragraph: and the Archives of American Art.

paragraph: He bequeathed funding for a scholarship in his name to Boston University, which also maintains a collection of his photographs and scrapbooks. The Boston University holdings include a painting of Alajálov by George Gershwin.

paragraph: Section::::Book Illustrations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flamingo", by Mary Borden (1927; Alajalov signed the dustjacket)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tantivy Towers", by A. P. Herbert (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Gershwin, a New York contemporary of Russian-Jewish heritage, chose him to do a set of edgy drawings illustrating each of the 18 songs in the first editions of "George Gershwin's Song Book" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dithers and Jitters", by Cornelia Otis Skinner (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Soap Behind the Ears", by Cornelia Otis Skinner (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conversation Pieces" (1942) was an autobiographical book of Alajálov's illustrations. Janet Flanner wrote the text and commentary of the book.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Hearts Were Young and Gay", by Cornelia Otis Skinner & Emily Kimbrough (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sophie Halenczik, American", by Rose C. Feld (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cinderella, Retold in Verse", by Alice Duer Miller (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Married at Leisure", by Virginia Lederer (pseudonym of Virginia Pringle) (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Esme of Paris", by Esme Davis (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Outside Eden", by Isabel Scott Rorick (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hold Your Man", by Veronica Dengel (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Timothy's Angels", by William Rose Benét (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Family Album", by Paul Chavchavadze (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nuts in May", by Cornelia Otis Skinner (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bottoms Up!", by Cornelia Otis Skinner (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aurora Dawn", by Herman Wouk (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Island Players", by Ilka Chase (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Orpheus in America", Offenbach's Diary of his Journey in the New World, translated by Lander MacClintock (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ape in Me", by Cornelia Otis Skinner (1959)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.curtispublishing.com/bios/Alajalov.shtml

alias:
Constantin Alajálov
Constantin Alajolov

description: American painter and illustrator

wikidata_label: Constantin Alajalov

wikipedia_title: Constantin Alajalov


text:
Forlì
Forlì
Vittorio Sgarbi
Antonella Anedda
Venice Biennale
Vittorio Sgarbi
Carlo Sini
Vittorio Sgarbi
official website
Davis Museum in Barcellona

categories: Italian contemporary artists,Italian male painters,Italian male writers,21st-century Italian painters,20th-century Italian painters,Living people

paragraph: Enrico Lombardi

paragraph: Enrico Lombardi is an Italian painter and writer. He currently lives in Forlì, Italy, and he has been exhibited both in Italy and abroad.

paragraph: His works are noted for a theoretical reflection about image status shown on the "books" written by him, edited in publications on art, and essays by contemporary artists.

paragraph: Having expressed himself through geometric abstraction and informal painting from the late '80s, he achieved a synthesis of modern and contemporary art, using images of Italian specific tradition - the centuries '300 and '400 - in which tradition, innovation, abstract way, form and conceptual way are looking for an almost paradoxical form of synthesis.

paragraph: His landscapes are made of fluctuating fields, empty houses that are out of proportion, quiet and rich in creepy shadows that create a disturbing sort of visual paradox.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Graduated in painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna in 1984 with Prof. Maurizio Bottarelli.

paragraph: He designed and produced 3 solo exhibitions at the gallery Forni in Bologna and Milan (2000, 2002 and 2006), two anthologies at the gallery Wimmer Montpellier (1999) and the Gallery of Arts in Bologna (1997), "Distances" Apt (2004 ), "The gold of memory" at the Art Bank Gallery, London (2005).

paragraph: He was invited by the art critic Alessandro Riva in 2004 in take part to the art group "Italian Factory" to the new Italian figuration: he will participate in "The New Italian Art Scene" at the Museum of Taipei (2007), a "new figuration to be continued ..." the Foundation Borroni (2008), "Rumors" Arsenal of Turin (2008) and "No Landscape" at the Fondazione Bandera (2009).

paragraph: In 2006 he releases "Voices in the dark", the second volume of The Papers of Italian Factory, published by Charta, with a story created by the writer Edoardo Albini.

paragraph: In 2007 began the collaboration and friendship between him and philosopher Rocco Ronchi; the bilingual monograph "Il grido silenzioso", published by Electa, edited by the philosopher and his staff has been presented to the Museum of Forlì.

paragraph: In the same year he was invited by Vittorio Sgarbi to participate in the exhibition "Italian Art 1968/2007. Painting."

paragraph: A selection of his theoretical writings appears in the book "At the end of the world. Philosophy, aesthetics, psychopathology" edited by Federico Leoni, Mauro Maldonado (Ed. Daedalus 2002) and on several of his monographic catalogs.

paragraph: In 2009 Lombardi participated in the exhibition "Pittura d'Italia" on the new Italian painting, invited by the art critic Marco Goldin, held in Rimini along with the collection of the Boston Museum of Fine Art and the exhibition

paragraph: "Italia dipinta" at the IULM University of Milan, curated by his students and attested by Catalogue edited by Silvana Editoriale.

paragraph: At the end of 2009 Lombardi opened his exposition named wn "Il tempo dell'ombra", sponsored by the Culture and Art Museum of Ravenna, curated by the art critic Chiara Canali and presented by the poet Antonella Anedda.

paragraph: In 2010 began a new collaboration with the Blackheath Gallery in London.

paragraph: In 2011 Enrico Lombardi has been invited to third edition of "Memorial Award Maretti.Valerio Riva" held in the spaces of the Pecci Museum in Prato and 54th International Art Exhibition of the Venice Biennale curated by Vittorio Sgarbi, chosen by the Italian philosopher Carlo Sini at the Arsenal Corderie in Venice.

paragraph: Museum of Conegliano, Museum "MAR" of Ravenna, Pinacoteca San Domenico of Forlì and the Davis Museum in Barcelona are collecting his works.

paragraph: The Italian critics and writers Marco Goldin, Michael Loffredo, Nicola Micieli, Claudio Spadoni, Marco Di Capua, Alessandro Riva, Vittorio Sgarbi and Chiara Canali have dedicated him essays and texts.

paragraph: He worked with poets and philosophers such as Rocco Ronchi, Fulvio Abbate, Umberto Fiori, Silvia Lagorio, Federico Leoni, Edoardo Albinati, Antonella Anedda, and Carlo Sini.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davis Museum in Barcellona

description: Italian contemporary painter and writer

wikidata_label: Enrico Lombardi

wikipedia_title: Enrico Lombardi


text: Italian

text: high jump

text: 1969 European Championships

text: national high jump title

text: Sara Simeoni

text: Italian Athletics Championships

text: High jump

text: Italian Athletics Indoor Championships

text: High jump

text: Erminio Azzaro

categories: Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field),1948 births,Italian male high jumpers,Italian athletics coaches,Living people,European Athletics Championships medalists

paragraph: Erminio Azzaro

paragraph: Erminio Azzaro (born 12 January 1948) is a retired Italian high jumper who won a bronze medal at the 1969 European Championships.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Domestically he won the national high jump title six times: four times outdoors (1966, 1969–71) and twice indoors (1970–71).

paragraph: His wife Sara Simeoni and son Roberto are also international high jumpers.

paragraph: Section::::National titles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italian Athletics Championships

paragraph: BULLET::::- High jump: 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971 (4)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italian Athletics Indoor Championships

paragraph: BULLET::::- High jump: 1970, 1971 (2)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Men's high jump Italian record progression

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erminio Azzaro profile at Track and Field Statistics

description: Italian high jumper

wikidata_label: Erminio Azzaro

wikipedia_title: Erminio Azzaro


text:
Paris
Cormeilles-en-Parisis
Raoul Le Mouton de Boisdeffre
Dreyfus affair
Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy
Alfred Dreyfus

categories: People from Paris,Military history of France,1917 deaths,Conseil d'État (France),People associated with the Dreyfus affair,1838 births,Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur,French generals

paragraph: Charles-Arthur Gonse

paragraph: Major General Charles-Arthur Gonse (19 September 1838, Paris – 18 December 1917, Cormeilles-en-Parisis), was Deputy Chief of Staff under the authority of General Raoul Le Mouton de Boisdeffre during the Dreyfus affair.

paragraph: When confronted with overwhelming evidence that Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy was guilty of the espionage for which Alfred Dreyfus had wrongfully been convicted, Gonse simply overlooked it and refused to recognize Dreyfus' innocence.

description: French military officer

wikidata_label: Charles-Arthur Gonse

wikipedia_title: Charles-Arthur Gonse