text: circa

text: Archbishop of Canterbury

text: mathematics

text: dialectics

text: Paris

text: Oxford

text: Aristotle

text: sixth crusade

text: Archbishop of Canterbury

text: Pope Gregory IX

text: Henry III

text: Magna Carta

text: Llywelyn the Great

text: canonised

text: Edmund the Martyr

text: Abingdon

text: Oxfordshire

text: Oxford

text: Eynsham Abbey

text: ascetic

text: took the veil

text: monastic school

text: Abingdon

text: chastity

text: Virgin's church

text: University of Paris

text: universities of Oxford

text: mathematics

text: dialectics

text: Aristotle

text: St Peter's in the East

text: St Edmund Hall

text: theology

text: Augustinian

text: Merton Priory

text: benefice

text: Reading Abbey

text: monk

text: Calne

text: Salisbury Cathedral

text: sixth crusade

text: Ela, countess of Salisbury

text: William Longespée

text: Pope Gregory IX

text: Magna Carta

text: Richard of Wich

text: Henry III of England

text: Westminster

text: John of England

text: Peter des Roches

text: Bishop of Winchester

text: Hubert de Burgh

text: Wales

text: Llywelyn the Great

text: legate

text: Cardinal Odo

text: Simon de Montfort

text: Eleanor

text: excommunicated

text: Emperor Frederick II

text: Cistercian

text: Pontigny Abbey

text: Augustinian Canons

text: Soisy-Bouy

text: canonised

text: St Edmund's Chapel

text: Dover

text: Richard of Chichester

text: St Edmund Hall, Oxford

text: St Edmund's College, Cambridge

text: St Edmund's School, Canterbury

text: St Edmund's Catholic School

text: Portsmouth

text: Pontigny Abbey

text: Enders Island

text: Ware

text: chasuble

text: Al-Andaluz

text: maniple

text: asceticism

text: hair shirt

text: W. Lynwood

text: Speculum literature

text: M. de la Bigne

text: Society of Saint Edmund

text: Pontigny

text: Jean Baptiste Muard

text: Pierre Boyer

text: anticlericalism

text: Saint Michael's College

text: Diocese of Burlington

text: Selma, Alabama

text: Saint Anne's Shrine

text: Saint Edmund's Parish in Calne

text: St. Edmund Rich at Catholic Online

categories: 1240 deaths,Archbishops of Canterbury,13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,13th-century Christian mystics,Burials in France,English Roman Catholic saints,Roman Catholic mystics,1175 births,People from Abingdon-on-Thames,13th-century Christian saints,Medieval English saints

paragraph: Edmund of Abingdon

paragraph: Saint Edmund of Abingdon (circa 11741240) was a 13th-century Archbishop of Canterbury in England.

paragraph: Of English birth, he became a respected lecturer in mathematics, dialectics and theology at the Universities of Paris and Oxford, promoting the study of Aristotle. Having already an unsought reputation as an ascetic, he was ordained a priest, took a doctorate in divinity and soon became known not only for his lectures on theology but as a popular preacher, spending long years travelling within England, and engaging in 1227 preaching the sixth crusade. Obliged to accept an appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Gregory IX, he combined a gentle personal temperament with a strong public stature and severity towards King Henry III in defence of Magna Carta and in general of good civil and Church government and justice. He also worked for strict observance in monastic life and negotiated peace with Llywelyn the Great. His policies earned him hostility and jealousy from the king, and opposition from several monasteries and from the clergy of Canterbury Cathedral. He died in France at the beginning of a journey to Rome in 1240. He was canonised in 1246.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Edmund was born circa 1174, possibly on 20 November (the feast of St Edmund the Martyr), in Abingdon in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), 7 miles south of Oxford, England. He was the oldest of four children.

paragraph: "Rich" was an epithet sometimes given to his wealthy merchant father. It was never applied to Edmund or his siblings in their lifetimes. His father retired, with his wife's consent, to the monastery at Eynsham Abbey, leaving in her hands the education of their family. Her name was Mabel; she was a devout woman who lived an ascetic life and encouraged her children to do the same. Both her daughters took the veil.

paragraph: Edmund may have been educated at the monastic school in Abingdon. He developed a taste for religious learning, saw visions while still at school, and at the age of twelve took a vow of perpetual chastity in the Virgin's church at Oxford. His early studies were in England, but he completed his higher learning in France at the University of Paris. About 1195, in company with his brother Richard, he was sent to the schools of Paris. He studied at the universities of Oxford and Paris and became a teacher about 1200, or a little earlier. For six years he lectured on mathematics and dialectics, apparently dividing his time between Oxford and Paris, and helped introduce the study of Aristotle.

paragraph: Edmund became one of Oxford's first lecturers with a Master of Arts, but was not Oxford's first Doctor of Divinity. Long hours at night spent in prayer had the result that he often "nodded off" during his lectures. There is a long-established tradition that he utilised his lecture-fees to build the Lady Chapel of St Peter's in the East at Oxford. The site where he lived and taught was formed into a mediaeval academic hall in his name and later incorporated as the college of St Edmund Hall.

paragraph: His mother's influence then led to his taking up the study of theology.

paragraph: Though for some time Edmund resisted the change, he finally entered upon his new career between 1205 and 1210. He spent a year in retirement with the Augustinian canons of Merton Priory, received ordination, took a doctorate in divinity and soon became known as a lecturer on theology and as an extemporaneous preacher. In this capacity he gained some reputation for eloquence. He spent the fees which he received in charity, and refused to spend upon himself the revenues which he derived from several benefices. He often retired for solitude to Reading Abbey, and it is possible that he would have become a monk if that profession had afforded more scope for his gifts as a preacher and expositor.

paragraph: Some time between 1219 and 1222 he was appointed vicar of the parish of Calne in Wiltshire, and treasurer of Salisbury Cathedral. He held this position for eleven years, during which time he also engaged in preaching. In 1227 he preached the sixth crusade through a large part of England. He formed a friendship with Ela, countess of Salisbury, and her husband, William Longespée, and was noted for his works of charity and the austerity of his life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Archbishop of Canterbury.

paragraph: In 1233 came the news of Edmund's appointment, by Pope Gregory IX, to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. The chapter had already made three selections which the pope had declined to confirm. Edmund's name had been proposed as a compromise by Gregory, perhaps on account of his work for the crusade. He was consecrated on 2 April 1234.

paragraph: Before his consecration Edmund became known for supporting ecclesiastical independence from Rome, maintenance of the Magna Carta and the exclusion of foreigners from civil and ecclesiastical office. Reluctant to accept appointment as archbishop, Edmund was persuaded when it was pointed out that if he refused, the Pope might very well appoint a foreign ecclesiastic. He chose as his chancellor Richard of Wich, known to later ages as St Richard of Chichester.

paragraph: In the name of his fellow bishops Edmund admonished Henry III of England at Westminster, on 2 February 1234, to heed the example of his father, John of England. A week after his consecration he again appeared before the king with the barons and bishops, this time threatening Henry with excommunication if he refused to dismiss his councillors, many of them foreign, and particularly Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester. Henry yielded, and the favourites were dismissed, Hubert de Burgh (whom they had imprisoned) was released and reconciled to the king and soon the archbishop was sent to Wales to negotiate peace with Llywelyn the Great. Edmund's success, however, turned the king against him.

paragraph: Edmund was valued by the local people for his teaching, preaching, study, and his prayer; but his uncompromising stand in favour of good discipline in both civil and ecclesial government, of strict observance in monastic life, and of justice in high quarters brought him into conflict with Henry III, with several monasteries, and with the priests of Canterbury cathedral. He claimed and exercised metropolitan rights of visitation, this was often challenged and he had to resort to litigation to maintain his authority, not the least with his own monastic chapter at Canterbury.

paragraph: In 1236, with the object of emancipating himself from Edmund's control, the king asked the pope to send him a legate. On the arrival of Cardinal Odo in 1237 the archbishop found himself thwarted and insulted at every point. The politically significant marriage between Simon de Montfort and Henry's sister Eleanor, which Edmund had pronounced invalid, was ratified at Rome upon appeal. The king and legate upheld the monks of Canterbury in their opposition to Edmund's authority. Edmund protested to the king, and excommunicated in general terms all who had infringed the liberties of Canterbury. These measures had no impact, and the pope could not be moved to reverse the legate's decisions. Edmund complained that the discipline of the national church was ruined by this conflict of powers, and began to consider retirement.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Journey to Rome.

paragraph: Notwithstanding the gentleness of his disposition, Edmund firmly defended the rights of Church and State against the exactions and usurpations of Henry III. In December 1237 Edmund set out for Rome to plead his cause in person. From this futile mission he returned to England in August 1238 where his efforts to foster reform were frustrated. Edmund submitted to the papal demands and, early in 1240 paid to the pope's agents one fifth of his revenue, which had been levied for the pope's war against Emperor Frederick II. Other English prelates followed his example.

paragraph: The papacy then ordered that 300 English benefices should be assigned to Romans. In 1240 Edmund set out for Rome. At the Cistercian Pontigny Abbey in France he became sick, began travelling back to England, but died only 50 miles further north, on 16 November 1240, at the house of Augustinian Canons at Soisy-Bouy and was taken back to Pontigny.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Veneration.

paragraph: In less than a year after Edmund's death miracles were alleged to be wrought at his grave. Despite Henry's opposition, he was canonised only 6 years after his death, in December 1246. His feast day is 16 November. A few years later the first chapel dedicated to him, St Edmund's Chapel, was consecrated in Dover by his friend Richard of Chichester (making it the only chapel dedicated to one English saint by another).

paragraph: At Salisbury a collegiate church and an altar in the cathedral were dedicated to Saint Edmund.

paragraph: Today he is remembered in the name of St Edmund Hall, Oxford and St Edmund's College, Cambridge.

paragraph: His is the name given also to St Edmund's School, Canterbury and St Edmund's Catholic School in Portsmouth.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Relics.

paragraph: Edmund's body was never translated to Canterbury, because the Benedictine community there resented what they regarded as Edmund's attacks on their independence. After his death he was taken back to Pontigny Abbey, where his main relics are now found in a baroque reliquary tomb dating to the 17th century.

paragraph: An arm is enshrined in the Chapel of Our Lady of the Assumption at St. Edmund's Retreat on Enders Island off the coast of Mystic, Connecticut. The retreat is operated by the Society of the Fathers and Brothers of St. Edmund.

paragraph: In 1853, the fibula of the Edmund's left leg was presented to St Edmund's College, Ware, by Cardinal Wiseman. Many local cures of serious illnesses were attributed to the intercession of St Edmund; one of the earliest of these was of a student who nearly died after a fall in 1871. His complete healing led to the accomplishment of a vow to extend the beautiful Pugin chapel with a side chapel to honour the saint.

paragraph: The Islamic silk chasuble, with the main fabric probably made in Al-Andaluz, that Edmund had with him at his death remains in a local church, with a stole and maniple.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Character.

paragraph: Edmund's life was one of self-sacrifice and devotion to others. From boyhood he practised asceticism; such as fasting on Saturdays on bread and water, and wearing a hair shirt. After snatching a few hours' sleep, most of the night he spent in prayer and meditation.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Besides his "Constitutions," issued in 1236 (printed in W. Lynwood's "Constitutiones Angliae", Oxford, 1679), Edmund wrote a work in the genre of the Speculum literature entitled "Speculum ecclesiae" (London, 1521; Eng. transl., 1527; reprinted in M. de la Bigne's "Bibliotheca veterum patrum", v., Paris, 1609).

paragraph: Section::::Religious Congregation of the Society of St Edmund.

paragraph: Edmund's life inspired the formation of the Society of Saint Edmund at Pontigny, France, in 1843 by Revs. Jean Baptiste Muard and Pierre Boyer. The Society intended to keep Saint Edmund's memory and life alive by conducting parish missions in the archdiocese of Sens, so as to revitalize the faith of the people who had become alienated from the Church. Members of the Society, based in Pontigny, fled to the United States in 1889 after widespread anticlericalism in France. The Society of Saint Edmund settled in Winooski Park, Vermont and in 1904 established Saint Michael's College where the deeds and values of Saint Edmund's life continue through the college mission. Today members of the Society of Saint Edmund devote themselves to parochial work in the Diocese of Burlington, Vermont, ministry to the African American community through the Edmundite Missions in Selma, Alabama, to higher education at Saint Michael's College, and retreat ministry at Saint Anne's Shrine in Vermont.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Berkshire History: St. Edmund of Abingdon

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Edmund Hall, Oxford: Birth of St Edmund of Abingdon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Edmund's Parish in Calne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Society of St. Edmund, Roman Catholic Community of Priests and Brothers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Walsh, Michael "A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West" London: Burns & Oats 2007

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Edmund Rich at Catholic Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Edmund Rich of Abingdon at Patron Saints' Index

alias:
Edmund of Canterbury
Edmund Rich

description: Archbishop of Canterbury and saint

wikidata_label: Edmund of Abingdon

wikipedia_title: Edmund of Abingdon


text: FBA

text: FSA

text: Hon FSA Scot

text: archaeologist

text: Conservative

text: radiocarbon dating

text: prehistory of languages

text: archaeogenetics

text: looting at archaeological sites

text: Anatolian hypothesis

text: Proto-Indo-European

text: Indo-European languages

text: Anatolia

text: spread of farming

text: Marija Gimbutas

text: Kurgan hypothesis

text: migration

text: Pontic-Caspian steppe

text: Disney Professor of Archaeology

text: University of Cambridge

text: British Academy

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: St Albans School

text: National Service

text: Royal Air Force

text: St John's College, Cambridge

text: Archaeology

text: Anthropology

text: The Cambridge Union

text: Neolithic

text: Bronze Age

text: Cyclades

text: University of Sheffield

text: Sitagroi

text: Sheffield Brightside

text: Conservative Party

text: Society of Antiquaries

text: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

text: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

text: University of Southampton

text: Barry Cunliffe

text: Southampton

text: Quanterness

text: Phylakopi

text: Greece

text: Near East

text: Marija Gimbutas

text: Sitagroi

text: Disney Professorship of Archaeology

text: University of Cambridge

text: Proto-Indo-Europeans

text: Anatolian hypothesis

text: Kurgan

text: Anatolia

text: Markiani

text: Amorgos

text: Keros

text: Master

text: Jesus College

text: Keros

text: British Academy

text: life peer

text: Baron

text: Hurlet

text: Renfrew

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: Balzan Prize

text: British School at Athens

text: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

text: UCLA

text: Universities of Sheffield

text: Melos

text: Phylakopi

text: Marija Gimbutas

text: Paul Bahn

text: Journal of Indo-European Studies

text: Anatolian hypothesis

text: Biographical interviews

text: Web of Stories

text: Interview

text: Alan Macfarlane

categories: Paleolinguists,Presidents of The Cambridge Union,Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London,Fellows of the British Academy,People from Stockton-on-Tees,Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences,Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge,Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,People from St Albans,Masters of Jesus College, Cambridge,Academics of the University of Southampton,Academics of the University of Sheffield,English archaeologists,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,Living people,People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire,1937 births,Fellows of Jesus College, Cambridge,Academics of the University of Cambridge

paragraph: Colin Renfrew

paragraph: Andrew Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, FBA, FSA, Hon FSA Scot (born 25 July 1937) is a British archaeologist, paleolinguist and Conservative peer noted for his work on radiocarbon dating, the prehistory of languages, archaeogenetics, and the prevention of looting at archaeological sites. He developed the Anatolian hypothesis, which argues that Proto-Indo-European, the reconstructed ancestor of the Indo-European languages, originated approximately 9,000 years ago in Anatolia and moved with the spread of farming throughout the Mediterranean and into Central and Northern Europe. This hypothesis contradicted Marija Gimbutas's Kurgan hypothesis, which states that Proto-Indo-European was spread by a migration of peoples from the Pontic-Caspian steppe approximately 6,000 years ago. Recent work on ancient DNA has indicated a link between the populations featured in Gimbutas's hypothesis, without however providing a direction of spread.

paragraph: Renfrew was formerly the Disney Professor of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge and Director of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research and is now a Senior Fellow of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

paragraph: He is a fellow of the British Academy and a foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Renfrew was educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire (where one of the houses is named after him) and from 1956 to 1958 did National Service in the Royal Air Force. He then went up to St John's College, Cambridge where he read Natural Sciences then Archaeology and Anthropology, graduating in 1962. In 1961, he was elected president of The Cambridge Union. In 1965 he completed his PhD thesis ""Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of the Cyclades and their external relations"" and in the same year married Jane M. Ewbank.

paragraph: In 1965 he was appointed to the post of lecturer in the Department of Prehistory and Archaeology at the University of Sheffield. Between 1968 and 1970, Renfrew directed excavations at Sitagroi, Greece. In 1968 he unsuccessfully contested the Sheffield Brightside parliamentary constituency on behalf of the Conservative Party. In that year he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, in 1970 was elected Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland and in 2000 elected an Honorary Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.

paragraph: In 1972 Renfrew became Professor of Archaeology at the University of Southampton succeeding Barry Cunliffe. During his time at Southampton he directed excavations at Quanterness in Orkney and Phylakopi on the island of Milos, Greece. In 1973 Renfrew published "Before Civilisation: The Radiocarbon Revolution and Prehistoric Europe" in which he challenged the assumption that prehistoric cultural innovation originated in the Near East and then spread to Europe. He also excavated with Marija Gimbutas at Sitagroi in Greece.

paragraph: In 1980 Renfrew was elected a Fellow of the British Academy. In 1981 he was elected to the Disney Professorship of Archaeology in the University of Cambridge, a post he held until his retirement. In 1990 Renfrew was appointed as the founding Director of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. In 1987, he published "", a book on the Proto-Indo-Europeans. His "Anatolian hypothesis" posited that this group lived 2,000 years before the Kurgans, in Anatolia, later diffusing to Greece, then Italy, Sicily, Corsica, the Mediterranean coast of France, Spain, and Portugal. Another branch migrated along the fertile river valleys of the Danube and Rhine into Central and North Europe. From 1987 to 1991 he co-directed excavations at Markiani on Amorgos and at Dhaskalio Kavos, Keros, Greece.

paragraph: Renfrew served as Master of Jesus College from 1986 until 1997. In 2004 he retired from the Disney Professorship and is now a Senior Fellow at the McDonald Institute. From 2006–2008 he directed new excavations on the Cycladic Island of Keros and is currently co-director of the Keros Island Survey.

paragraph: Section::::Positions, awards and accolades.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fellow of the British Academy (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew was created a life peer on 24 June 1991 as Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, of Hurlet in the District of Renfrew.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foreign Associate to the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Balzan Prize, given in Prehistoric Archaeology for 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chair, Managing Council for the British School at Athens, since 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Visiting Scholar, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA, 2005–06.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Honorary degrees from the Universities of Sheffield, Athens, Southampton, Liverpool, Edinburgh, St Andrews, Kent, London and Lima.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C., 1972, " The Emergence of Civilisation: The Cyclades and the Aegean in The Third Millennium BC", London.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C., 1973, "Before Civilisation, the Radiocarbon Revolution and Prehistoric Europe", London: Pimlico.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C. and Kenneth L. Cooke, eds. 1979 "Transformations: Mathematical Approaches to Culture Change". New York: Academic Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C. and Malcolm Wagstaff, eds., 1982, " An Island Polity, the Archaeology of Exploitation in Melos", Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, Colin, 1984, " Approaches to Social Archeology", Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C., ed. 1985, " The Archaeology of Cult, the Sanctuary at Phylakopi", London: British School at Athens and Thames & Hudson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colin Renfrew, Marija Gimbutas and Ernestine S. Elster, eds. 1986. "Excavations at Sitagroi, a prehistoric village in northeast Greece". Vol. 1. Los Angeles : Institute of Archaeology, University of California.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C., 1987, "Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins", London: Pimlico.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C. and Ezra B. W. Zubrow, eds. 1994, "The ancient mind: elements of cognitive archaeology". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C. and Paul Bahn, 1991, "Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice", London: Thames and Hudson. . (Sixth edition 2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C., 2000, "Loot, Legitimacy and Ownership: The Ethical Crisis in Archaeology", London: Duckworth.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C., 2003, "Figuring It Out: The Parallel Visions of Artists and Archaeologists", London: Thames and Hudson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernestine S. Elster and Colin Renfrew, eds., 2003. "Prehistoric Sitagroi: Excavations in Northeast Greece, 1968–1970". Vol. 2: "The Final Report". Los Angeles, CA: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA. Monumenta archaeologica 20.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C., and Paul Bahn, eds. "Archaeology: The Key Concepts". London: Routledge, 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew, A.C., 2008, "Prehistory: The Making of the Human Mind", Modern Library.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matsumura S, Forster P and Renfrew C, eds., 2008, "Simulations, Genetics and Human Prehistory", Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archeological Research.

paragraph: Section::::Articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Models of change in language and archaeology”, "Transactions of the Philological Society" 87 (1989): 103–55.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Archaeology, genetics and linguistic diversity”, "Man" 27 (1992): 445–78.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Time depth, convergence theory, and innovation in Proto-Indo-European: ‘Old Europe’ as a PIE linguistic area”, "Journal of Indo-European Studies" 27 (1999): 257–93.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “‘Indo-European’ designates languages: not pots and not institutions”, "Antiquity" 79 (2005): 692–5.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Archaeogenetics”, in "Archaeology: The Key Concepts", eds. Colin Renfrew & Paul Bahn. London: Routledge, 2005, pp. 16–20.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anatolian hypothesis

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renfrew's page at the McDonald Institute

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical interviews from Web of Stories (video)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Alan Macfarlane (video)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (video)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lecture on looting and illicit antiquities (MP3)

description: British archaeologist

enwikiquote_title: Colin Renfrew

wikidata_label: Colin Renfrew

wikipedia_title: Colin Renfrew


text:
Dalewice
Clan Kościesza
Polish
Władysław Jagiełło
Jadwiga of Poland
Chamberlain
Kraków
Władysław Opolczyk
William of Austria
Sejm
Wiślica
Sandomierz
starost
Lwów
Strzegomia
banner
battle of Grunwald

paragraph: Gniewosz of Dalewice

paragraph: Gniewosz of Dalewice (; died after 1410) of Clan Kościesza was a Polish knight and a courtier of King Władysław Jagiełło and Queen Jadwiga of Poland. A Chamberlain of Kraków, along with Władysław Opolczyk, he was the main partisan of William of Austria (originally betrothed to Jadwiga), and opposed Jadwiga's marriage to Jagiełło. After it eventually happened in 1378, he tried to prevent it from being consummated. However, as soon as Jadwiga turned 12, Jagiełło reached Kraków and the marriage became valid. Gniewosz started an intrigue and spread gossip that, despite the marriage, Jadwiga was having an affair with William. Tried for his words by a Sejm tribunal in Wiślica, Gniewosz was sentenced to "barking-off" his lies. The penalty, common in medieval Poland, forced Gniewosz to publicly prone himself under the table and announce that "what I told about the queen was a dogly lie" and bark several times.

paragraph: Despite the verdict, Gniewosz continued his career at the court even after Jadwiga's death. In 1406 he became the Steward of the Crown, castellan of Sandomierz and a starost of Lwów. In 1410 he commanded the Strzegomia banner during the battle of Grunwald.

wikidata_label: Gniewosz of Dalewice

wikipedia_title: Gniewosz of Dalewice


text:
Villers-sur-Mer
1924 Winter Olympics
Chamonix

categories: French male curlers,Curlers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,People from Villers-sur-Mer,1882 births,Olympic curlers of France,Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists for France,1971 deaths,Sportspeople from Calvados (department)

paragraph: Henri Cournollet

paragraph: Fernand Henri Jean Cournollet (1882–1971) was a French curler. He was born in Villers-sur-Mer. He won a bronze medal at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix.

description: Olympic curler

wikidata_label: Henri Cournollet

wikipedia_title: Henri Cournollet


href: Paris 1924%20Winter%20Olympics Chamonix

text:
Paris
1924 Winter Olympics
Chamonix

categories: 1875 births,French male curlers,1962 deaths,Curlers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Olympic curlers of France,Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists for France

paragraph: Armand Bénédic

paragraph: Armand Bénédic (1875–1962) was a French curler. He was born in Paris. He won a bronze medal at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix.

description: Olympic curler

wikidata_label: Armand Bénédic

wikipedia_title: Armand Bénédic


text:
Paris
1924 Winter Olympics
Chamonix

categories: French male curlers,Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics,1982 deaths,Curlers at the 1924 Winter Olympics,Olympic curlers of France,French male tennis players,Olympic bronze medalists for France,1890 births

paragraph: Pierre Canivet

paragraph: Pierre Canivet (22 May 1890–25 January 1982) was a French curler and tennis player. He was born in Paris. He won a bronze medal with the French team at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix.

description: Olympic curler

wikidata_label: Pierre Canivet

wikipedia_title: Pierre Canivet


text: Cologne

text: Eugen Löwenstein

text: German Jewish

text: Heidelberg University

text: Cologne University

text: University of Bonn

text: Humboldt University of Berlin

text: Karl Jaspers

text: Karl Mannheim

text: Nazi

text: Erwin Walter Palm

text: archaeology

text: Rome

text: Dominican Republic

text: Santo Domingo

text: University of Santo Domingo

text: Ciudad Colonial

text: World Heritage Site

text: pseudonym

text: tertulia

text: World War II

text: Nelly Sachs

text: Nobel Prize in Literature

text: Hans-Georg Gadamer

text: Heidelberg

text: Editorial S. Fischer

text: Bundesverdienstkreuz

text: Bad Homburg

text: Roswitha Prize

text: Nelly Sachs Prize

text: North Rhine-Westphalia

text: Villa Massimo

text: Reading of selected poems

text: Erwin Walter Palm

text: Article in Die Welt (in German)

text: Article in Spiegel Online (in German)

text: References in the National German Library

text: Analysis of "Nur eine Rose als Stütze"

text: Collection reference at SIBMAS

text: German Literature Archive in Marbach

categories: 20th-century German poets,Women memoirists,German women poets,Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia,German Jews,2006 deaths,20th-century German novelists,Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany,People from Cologne,1909 births,German memoirists,University of Bonn alumni,Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella,German women novelists,People from the Rhine Province

paragraph: Hilde Domin

paragraph: Hilde Domin (27 July 1909 – 22 February 2006) is the pseudonym of Hilde Palm (née Löwenstein), a German lyric poet and writer. She was among the most important German-language poets of her time.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Domin was born in 1909 in Cologne as Hildegard Löwenstein, the daughter of Eugen Löwenstein, a German Jewish lawyer (her year of birth has been erroneously reported in some accounts as 1912).

paragraph: Between 1929 and 1932 she studied at Heidelberg University, Cologne University, University of Bonn, and the Humboldt University of Berlin. She initially studied law, and later changed her specialism to economics, social sciences and philosophy. Among her teachers were Karl Jaspers and Karl Mannheim.

paragraph: As a result of the increasingly virulent anti-semitism in Nazi Germany, she emigrated to Italy in 1932 with her friend (and future husband) Erwin Walter Palm who was a writer and student of archaeology. She received a doctorate in political science in Florence in 1935 and worked as a language teacher in Rome from 1935 to 1939. She and Erwin Walter Palm were married in 1936. With Hitler's visit to Rome and the acrimonious atmosphere of fascist Italy under Mussolini the couple was prompted to once again emigrate.

paragraph: In 1939 the couple went to England where she worked as language teacher at St Aldyn’s College. Hilde's fears of the Nazi menace did not wane, and the couple tried frenetically to obtain a visa to any American nation. None of their preferred countries (the United States, Mexico, Argentina and Brazil) granted them a visa, while some charged them exorbitant sums of money which they didn't have. The only country to unconditionally welcome them was the Dominican Republic, where they emigrated in 1940.

paragraph: In Santo Domingo, where they lived for 14 years, Hilde worked as a translator and lecturer at the University of Santo Domingo, and as a photographer of architecture. Her photographs meticulously documented the Ciudad Colonial (old city) of Santo Domingo, which illustrated Palm's seminal book on the art and architecture of Europe's oldest American city. Their work was referenced by the Dominican government in their successful bid before UNESCO to grant the entire sector of old Santo Domingo World Heritage Site status in 1989. She often worked together with other European exiles, such as Austrian photographer Kurt Schnitzer. In November 2006, Hilde was awarded the Order of Merit of Duarte, Sanchez and Mella in recognition of her efforts to advance Dominican culture.

paragraph: Putting aside her studies in Political Sciences and Sociology, Hilde began to write in Santo Domingo towards 1951, after the death of her mother, acquiring the pseudonym Hilde Domin, in gratitude to the city which offered her shelter. Many afternoons were spent by Hilde at the home of Francisco Prats Ramírez, discussing literature and poetry among intellectuals in endless tertulias.

paragraph: Some years after the end of World War II, in 1954, she and her husband (whose family had been murdered by the Nazis) returned to Germany. Domin lived as a writer in Heidelberg from 1961 until her death.

paragraph: She was a close friend of Nelly Sachs, her lyric colleague living in Stockholm, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1966. From 1960 to 1967 they had a correspondence that was almost sisterly in intensity. She was also a friend of Hans-Georg Gadamer.

paragraph: In 1968, she presented "Das zweite Paradies" (The second Paradise), her first volume of prose, and a critical love story dealing with the experience of exile and home.

paragraph: Her poems are rarely metaphorical, completely unpathetic and of a simple vocabulary

paragraph: that in its simplicity meets magic, but the more frequently evoking and appealing; hence poems, which are easily accessible to a wide range of readers, and not confined to specialist audiences. Her output also included some pieces on literature theory.

paragraph: In an interview in 1986 she was asked the question how much courage a writer needed. "A writer needs three types of courage. To be himself/herself. The courage not to lie and to misrepresent and skew, to call things by their right names. And thirdly, to believe in the open mindedness and forthrightness of the others."

paragraph: Her husband died in 1988. The anthology of poetry "Der Baum blüht trotzdem" (The Tree blossoms nevertheless) which was published in 1999, is her personal farewell. In one of her late poems she encourages us not to become tired. We are rather, as she writes, called to long for "the miracle/quietly/like a bird/the hand reaching out".

paragraph: She continued to read her poems to audiences until 2006. She died in Heidelberg, a "grande dame" of German verse, aged 96, on February 22, 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hilde Domin - Gesammelte Gedichte (Collected poems)", Editorial S. Fischer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ziehende Landschaft" (Poem, 1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nur eine Rose als Stütze" (Poems, 1959). Her first collection of poetry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rückkehr der Schiffe" (Poems, 1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Linguistik" (Poems, 1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hier" (Poems, 1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Höhlenbilder" (Poems, 1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das zweite Paradies" (Prose, 1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wozu Lyrik heute. Dichtung und Leser in der gesteuerten Gesellschaft" (Prose, 1968). In this essay Hilde Domin asks the question: Why lyrics?

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ich will dich" (Poems, 1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Von der Natur nicht vorgesehen" (Autobiography, 1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aber die Hoffnung. Autobiographisches aus und über Deutschland" (Autobiography, 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unaufhaltsam" (Poem, 1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rufe nicht"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Baum blüht trotzdem" (Poems, 1999),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vielleicht eine Lilie". Water colours by Andreas Felger. Hünfelden: Präsenz Kunst & Buch, (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ausgewählte Gedichte" (Selected poems), Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wer es könnte". Water colours by Andreas Felger. Hünfelden: Präsenz Kunst & Buch, (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Auf Wolkenbürgschaft". Water colours by Andreas Felger. Hünfelden: Präsenz Kunst & Buch, (2005)

paragraph: Her work has been translated into more than 21 languages.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and prizes.

paragraph: For her work Hilde Domin has been awarded a wide range of prizes including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bundesverdienstkreuz Erster Klasse and the Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich-Hölderlin-Preis of the city of Bad Homburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roswitha Prize (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nelly Sachs Prize (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Literaturpreis der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 Jakob-Wassermann-Literaturpreis

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 State Prize of the Federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Honorary citizenship (Ehrenbürgerin) City of Heidelberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 „Orden del Mérito de Duarte, Sánchez y Mella, en el grado de Commendador”, which is the highest order of the Dominican Republic.

paragraph: Section::::Readings and lectures.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guest of Honour at the Villa Massimo, Rome (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frankfurter Poetik-Vorlesungen (1987/88)

paragraph: BULLET::::- May 2005: Reading of selected poems in both German and English, organized by Oxford University German Society.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Erwin Walter Palm

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- References in Hoy newspaper article (2006, in Spanish)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article in Die Welt (in German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article in Spiegel Online (in German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- References in the National German Library

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- English translations of poems by Hilde Domin

paragraph: BULLET::::- PEN Centre of German speaking authors in exile

paragraph: BULLET::::- CV hosted by the University of Heidelberg (in German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Literature map: What else do readers of Hilde Domin read?

paragraph: BULLET::::- Analysis of "Nur eine Rose als Stütze" (German)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Special collections and archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collection reference at SIBMAS

paragraph: BULLET::::- German Literature Archive in Marbach

paragraph: BULLET::::- Correspondence with Gisela Blauner Graf (1967-1987)

description: German writer

wikidata_label: Hilde Domin

wikipedia_title: Hilde Domin


text: Serer proper

text: Serer

text: njom

text: Kingdom of Sine

text: Senegal

text: Dieghem

text: Maysa Wali

text: Maad a Sinig

text: Guelowar Dynasty

text: Ñaanco

text: Henry Gravrand

text: Battle of Kansala

text: Senegambia

text: Gambia

text: Serer medieval

text: Lingeer

text: heirs

text: Tasse Faye

text: Waagaan Tening Jom Faye

text: Alioune Sarr

text: patriarch

text: Faye family

text: his descendants

text: Lamane Jegan Joof

text: Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof

text: Senegalese wrestling

text: Sarr, Alioune

text: Histoire du Sine-Saloum

text: Sénégal

text: Université de Picardie

text: Sine-Saloum

text: Edinburgh University Press

text: Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire

text: Gravrand, Henry

categories: Faye dynasty,Serer royalty,Serer Patriarchs,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Boukar Djillakh Faye

paragraph: Boukar Djillakh Faye (Serer proper : Bugar Jilaak Fay, other variations : "Bougar Birame Faye" or "Bugar Biram Fay") was a 14th-century Serer wrestler (njom) from the pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine which lies within present-day Senegal.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Originally from Djillakh (Dieghem, in the Sine), he was given the niece of Maysa Wali in marriage after demonstrating his prowess in the wrestling arena. According to oral tradition Maysa Wali, later a Maad a Sinig (king of Sine), was the first member of the Guelowar Dynasty to rule in Sine after his family's defeat by the Ñaancos at the so-called Battle of Troubang in 1335. In reporting this tradition, Henry Gravrand did not notice that this is actually a description of the 1867 (or 1865) Battle of Kansala. Boukar Djillakh Faye is linked to early Guelowar dynastic history in Senegambia (Senegal and Gambia) as well as Serer medieval and history. His marriage to Lingeer Tening Jom provided many heirs to the throne of Sine, including his sons Tasse Faye and Waagaan Tening Jom Faye who all succeeded to the throne of Sine as "Maad a Sinigs" and established the Faye Dynasty in Sine. Other sources suggests that, he was married to Lingeer Siin o Mew Manneh (sister of Maysa Wali, whom the Kingdom of Sine was named after following its renaming in the 14th century), not Tening Jom, and it is from that marriage the Faye Dynasty of Sine derived from. However, the general consensus is that, the former narrative provided in Niokhobaye Diouf's "Chronique du royaume du Sine" - regarding Boukar Djillakh's marriage to Tening Jom, their children and descendants is much richer and probably more historically accurate albeit the disputed dates of reign for the earlier "Maad a Sinigs" unlike Alioune Sarr's "Histoire du Sine-Saloum" whose dates are the prevailing view. The variations between the historical narratives are however minute.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In all narratives, Boukar Djillakh Faye is regarded as one of the patriarchs of the Faye family, the father and direct ancestor of all the members of Faye patrilineage that ruled in Sine from the 14th to the 19th century. As one of the , many of his descendants went on to shape during these periods.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lamane Jegan Joof

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof

paragraph: BULLET::::- Senegalese wrestling

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diouf, Niokhobaye. "Chronique du royaume du Sine", Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buschinger, Danielle, "Van den vos Reynaerde: mittelniederländisch - neuhochdeutsch", (Editor & translator : Jan Willem Kloos), Presses du Centre d'Etudes médiévales Université de Picardie (1992),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klein, Martin A., "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum, 1847 - 1914", Edinburgh University Press,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 34", IFAN (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation Sereer - Cosaan",

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin, V.; Becker, C. & Mbodj, M., "Trois documents d’Ernest Noirot sur l’histoire des royaumes du Siin et du Saalum" (Sénégal), Bull. IFAN, 42, B, 1 (1980)

wikidata_label: Boukar Djillakh Faye

wikipedia_title: Boukar Djillakh Faye


text:
Lwów
Kraków
Polish
track and field athlete
men's 200 metres
men's 400 metres
Austria
1912 Summer Olympics
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Ukraine
Olympic profile

categories: Polish male hurdlers,Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Lviv,1891 births,Olympic athletes of Austria,1978 deaths

paragraph: Władysław Ponurski

paragraph: Władysław Ponurski (April 23, 1891 in Lwów – October 13, 1978 in Kraków) was a Polish track and field athlete. Ponurski competed in the men's 200 metres and the men's 400 metres for Austria at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Ponurski was born in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (now Ukraine).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympic profile

description: Polish hurdler

wikidata_label: Władysław Ponurski

wikipedia_title: Władysław Ponurski


text:
Yeovil
Somerset
bassist
My Bloody Valentine
Primal Scream
The Mob
Yeovil
Kevin Shields
Colm Ó Cíosóig
Snowpony
Stereolab
Primal Scream
Mani
The Stone Roses
Thurston Moore
The Best Day
Rock n Roll Consciousness
Steve Shelley
James Sedwards

categories: Lesbian musicians,Primal Scream members,LGBT singers,My Bloody Valentine (band) members,LGBT musicians from England,Female bass guitarists,People from Yeovil,English bass guitarists,1962 births,Living people

paragraph: Debbie Googe

paragraph: Deborah Ann "Debbie" Googe (born 24 October 1962, in Yeovil, Somerset, England) is an English musician, and the bassist for the bands My Bloody Valentine and Primal Scream.

paragraph: Section::::My Bloody Valentine.

paragraph: Prior to joining My Bloody Valentine, she played for a band called Bikini Mutants in her hometown of Yeovil, who gigged with The Mob. Googe had moved from Yeovil to London, and in early 1985, an ex-girlfriend of hers recommended her as a bass player to Kevin Shields and Colm Ó Cíosóig of My Bloody Valentine. She joined the band after an audition in April 1985. She left the group in 1996, noting she "hadn't been happy for a long time".

paragraph: Googe is known for her raucous style of bass playing in MBV's live performances.

paragraph: Googe joined My Bloody Valentine's 2007 reunion, and their subsequent tours.

paragraph: Section::::Work outside My Bloody Valentine.

paragraph: After leaving MBV in 1995, Googe briefly became a taxi driver. She formed Snowpony in 1996 with her then-girlfriend, Katharine Gifford, formerly of Stereolab. They released 3 albums and 4 EPs between 1997 and 2003.

paragraph: She occasionally plays keyboards with the massed fuzz organ experimentalists band Pimmel and also plays drums and sings backing vocals for Rockhard.

paragraph: In 2012 it was announced that Googe would be the new bassist for Primal Scream, replacing Mani after his departure to rejoin The Stone Roses.

paragraph: On 4 August 2014 Googe joined Thurston Moore for his solo project "The Best Day", and continued this collaboration with his subsequent album "Rock n Roll Consciousness" in 2017, alongside Steve Shelley, and the UK musician James Sedwards.

description: English musician

wikidata_label: Debbie Googe

wikipedia_title: Debbie Googe


text:
Aldingham
Baron Harington
writ
Farleton
Melling
Harrington
Aldingham
Muchland
moiety
manor
Furness
caput
Aldingham
held
Furness Abbey
Earl of Lancaster
wardship
Edward, Prince of Wales
English Parliament
Aldingham
Thurnham
Ulverston
Witherslack
Hutton Roof
Westmorland
Austwick
Harrington
Cumberland
Egremont
John Harington, 2nd Baron Harington
Cartmel Priory

categories: People knighted at the Feast of the Swans,Barons in the Peerage of England,1347 deaths,13th-century English people,1281 births

paragraph: John Harington, 1st Baron Harington

paragraph: John Harington, 1st Baron Harington (1281–1347) of Aldingham in Furness, Lancashire, was an English peer, created Baron Harington by writ of summons to Parliament dated 1326.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: John Harington ("alias" de Haverington) was born in 1281 in Farleton, Melling, the son of Sir Robert de Haverington (died 1297), of Harrington in Cumbria, by his wife Agnes de Cansfield (died 1297), heiress of Aldingham in Furness, Lancashire. Agnes was the daughter and heiress of Richard de Cansfield by his wife Aline de Furness ("alias" de Fleming), heiress of Muchland ("alias" Michelland) in Furness, that is to say a moiety of the manor of Furness which had its caput at Aldingham. Muchland was held from the Abbot of Furness Abbey, who held the other moiety of Furness from the Earl of Lancaster.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was a minor at his father's death in 1297 and between 1297 and 1302 he was in wardship to Sir William de Dacre. He was knighted on 22 May 1306 and was summoned to military service in October 1309 when he accompanied Edward, Prince of Wales on a trip to Scotland. Upon leaving the military in March 1335, he became involved with his local council and later became a member of English Parliament in 1326 until his death in 1347. He held the manors of Aldingham, Thurnham, and Ulverston in Lancashire and Witherslack and Hutton Roof in Westmorland, with further estates in Austwick and Harrington in Cumberland.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and children.

paragraph: (According to Findagrave # 71719420) John married twice:

paragraph: He married a certain "Joan", probably a member of the Dacre family, by whom he had children including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Robert Harington (1305–1334), eldest son and heir apparent, knighted before 1331, who predeceased his father, having in about 1327 married Elizabeth de Multon (born 1306), daughter of Thomas de Multon and one of the three sisters and co-heiresses of John de Multon. She was the heiress of several estates including: Thurston in Suffolk; Moulton, Skirbeck and Fleet in Lincolnshire, of Egremont in Cumbria and of manors in County Limerick, Ireland. He left a son, heir to his grandfather:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Harington, 2nd Baron Harington (1328–1363)

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: He died on 2 June 1347 at Aldingham and was buried in Cartmel Priory, formerly in Lancashire, now in Cumbria, where survives his monument with effigies of himself and his wife.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atkinson, Rev. J.C., "The Coucher Book of Furness Abbey, Printed from the Original Preserved in the Record Office, London", Part 1, London, 1886

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- GEC Complete Peerage, Vol.6, pp. 314–321, Baron Harington, pp. 314–16, biography of John Harington, 1st Baron Harington

alias:
John Harrington
John Harington
John Harrington, 1st Lord Harrington

description: English Baron

wikidata_label: John Harington, 1st Baron Harington

wikipedia_title: John Harington, 1st Baron Harington


text:
Stockholm
Valeggio sul Mincio
Verona
Domenico Foroni
Alberto Mazzucato
Five Days of Milan
Mindre teatern
Tannhäuser
"Margherita"
Cristina, regina di Svezia
La Farce de maître Pierre Pathelin
"Jacopo GB Foroni"

categories: 19th-century conductors (music),People from the Province of Verona,1825 births,Italian expatriates in Sweden,Italian male conductors (music),Italian male composers,Deaths from cholera,Italian conductors (music),1858 deaths,19th-century male musicians,19th-century Italian composers

paragraph: Jacopo Foroni

paragraph: Jacopo Foroni (26 July 1825 — Stockholm, 8 September 1858) was an Italian opera composer and conductor who spent most of his working life in Sweden.

paragraph: Foroni was born in Valeggio sul Mincio, near Verona, the son of the composer and conductor Domenico Foroni. After studies with his father and Alberto Mazzucato in Milan, Foroni became involved in the Five Days of Milan revolt against the Austrians in March 1848. With the failure of that movement, along with many others, he left Italy and worked as a conductor in France, Belgium and Holland with Italian touring opera companies before arriving in Sweden in 1849 to work for Vincenzo Galli's opera company at the Mindre teatern. There, he gave the Swedish premieres of works by Bellini and Donizetti as well as the young Verdi. He conducted the first music by Wagner to be heard in Sweden, the Tannhäuser overture, in 1856.

paragraph: He died during a cholera epidemic in 1858.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Margherita", Milan 1848

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cristina, regina di Svezia", Stockholm 1849. Historical-lyrical drama in five parts and three acts. (Recorded by the Göteborg Opera Orchestra and Chorus - Tobias Ringborg. Sterling).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I gladiatori", Milan 1852

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Advokathen Panthelin" 1858, Swedish opera based on "La Farce de maître Pierre Pathelin" c. 1400

paragraph: BULLET::::- Incidental music for plays (as court composer in Stockholm).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: 3. Cesare Farinelli, Ylenia Fornari, "1858-2008, 150° Anniversario della morte di Jacopo Foroni"Valeggio sul Mincio, Verona.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brande, Åke, "Jacopo GB Foroni" on sok.riksarkivet.se

description: opera composer

wikidata_label: Jacopo Foroni

wikipedia_title: Jacopo Foroni


text:
Tang dynasty
Henan
Hubei
Cen Wenben
Cen Changqian
Cen Xi
jinshi
Gao Xianzhi
Feng Changqing
Gao Shi
Du Fu
An-Shi disturbances
Sichuan
Emperor Suzong
Jia Prefecture
Three Hundred Tang Poems
Witter Bynner
GAO SHI
DU FU
Collected Tang Poems
Tang poetry
Three Hundred Tang Poems
Book of the Later Han
Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions
Quan Tangshi
Chinese Text Project
Book 198
Book 199
Book 200
Book 201

categories: Writers from Nanyang, Henan,Three Hundred Tang Poems poets,Year of birth unknown,8th-century Chinese poets,Poets from Henan,770 deaths

paragraph: Cen Shen

paragraph: Cen Shen or Cen Can (), also called Cen Jiazhou () (715–770), was a Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty. He was born to a bureaucratic family in Nanyang (in today's Henan), but later moved to Jiangling, Jizhou (in today's Hubei). His great-grandfather Cen Wenben, granduncle Cen Changqian and uncle Cen Xi were all chancellors. His father Cen Zhi was Governor (Cishi) of Jingzhou. When Cen Shen was 10, his father died, and the financial situation of his family worsened. After then, Cen was learning with assiduity, reading a lot of scriptures and history books. He moved to Chang'an when he was 20, and obtained jinshi, in 744.

paragraph: In 749, Cen's ambitions lead him towards a stint of military service which would last about ten years, where he served as a subordinate to General Gao Xianzhi, and, later, Feng Changqing. In about 751, Cen met Gao Shi and Du Fu, and the three had become good friends. All three were poets. Cen's other friend was the great Tang poet Li Bai, who composed a poem titled "Bring in the Wine", and included a verse which mentioned his friend Cen Shen. ..."To the old master, Cen"... Bring in the wine! Let your cups never rest! Let me sing you a song! Let your ears attend!"

paragraph: Cen Shen lived through the period from 755 through 763 when the An-Shi disturbances shook the land, spreading civil war, disaster, and all sorts of turmoil throughout the northern parts of China.

paragraph: During this period he held several assignments in the Central Asian outposts of the far-reaching Tang empire. Having supported the loyalist cause, he succeeded to a number of provincial posts (primarily in Sichuan) under the restoration until his retirement in 768.

paragraph: Cen's early poems were always landscape poems, although this is not the case of his later ones.

paragraph: Cen served in the northwest frontier territories area for about ten years, his experience in this area with its harsh climate and the relentless combat of the times made a deep impact on his poetry.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: During the reign of Emperor Suzong he was made governor (長官) of Jia Prefecture ("Jiazhou" in Chinese), which earned him the name Cen Jiazhou.

paragraph: Section::::Poems.

paragraph: Seven of Cen Can's poems were included in the famous anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems, including, according to Witter Bynner:

paragraph: BULLET::::- ASCENDING THE PAGODA AT THE TEMPLE OF KIND FAVOUR WITH GAO SHI AND XUE JU

paragraph: BULLET::::- A SONG OF RUNNING-HORSE RIVER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION

paragraph: BULLET::::- A SONG OF WHEEL TOWER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION

paragraph: BULLET::::- A SONG OF WHITE SNOW IN FAREWELL TO FIELD-CLERK WU GOING HOME

paragraph: BULLET::::- A MESSAGE TO CENSOR DU FU AT HIS OFFICE IN THE LEFT COURT

paragraph: BULLET::::- AN EARLY AUDIENCE AT THE PALACE OF LIGHT HARMONIZING SECRETARY JIA ZHI'S POEM

paragraph: BULLET::::- ON MEETING A MESSENGER TO THE CAPITAL

paragraph: His collected works are in scrolls (sections) 198 through 201 of the Collected Tang Poems.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tang poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Three Hundred Tang Poems

paragraph: BULLET::::- of the Book of the Later Han, for information on Cen Can's ancestor Cen Zhi, and his life during the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions (in Chinese)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davis, A. R. (Albert Richard), Editor and Introduction (1970), "The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse". (Baltimore: Penguin Books).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liu, Wu-chi and Irving Lo, eds., (1975). "". Bloomington: Indiana University.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wu, John C. H. (1972). The Four Seasons of Tang Poetry. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E.Tuttle.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Books of the "Quan Tangshi" that include collected poems of Cen Shen at the Chinese Text Project:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book 198

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book 199

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book 200

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book 201

alias:
Cenjiazhou
Gaocen
Cen Ershiqi

description: poet

wikidata_label: Cen Can

wikipedia_title: Cen Shen


text: Ayora

text: Valencia Province

text: Spain

text: Valencia

text: Spanish

text: Madrid

text: Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

text: Alzira

text: Carcaixent

text: Antonio Maura

text: Tragic Week

text: Eduardo Dato

text: Congreso de los Diputados de España.

text: Colegio P. Isidro Girant de Ayora.

categories: Conservative Party (Spain) politicians,Valencian politicians,People from Valle de Cofrentes,Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War,Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration,1863 births,1941 deaths

paragraph: Evaristo Crespo Azorín

paragraph: Evaristo Crespo Azorín (27 January 1863 in Ayora, Valencia Province, Spain – 6 March 1941 in the city of Valencia) was a Spanish lawyer, politician and professor. He is buried in Valencia's Municipal Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Evaristo was the cousin of Enrique Crespo Aparicio, who was admitted to the Bar Association of Valencia before him, in 1880, beginning the saga of Crespo & Azorin in that institution.

paragraph: Lacking the financial wherewithal to study, he went to Madrid and worked in a pharmacy as a youth, using his spare time to study. He graduated in Pharmaceutical Science and Law, which he finished at the age of 21, and later in Arts and as a Professor of Commerce. He approached the Conservative Party founded by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo and went to Valencia to practice law, which earned him a reputation. When he was 28 years old, in 1891, he was elected municipal councillor in the city, holding the post of Deputy Mayor and by the age of 31 was already a provincial deputy. Fourteen years later, in the elections of 21 April 1907, he became a Member of Parliament for the Chelva-Villar district and in the 8 May 1910 elections for the Alzira-Carcaixent district.

paragraph: Antonio Maura, the then Head of Government, made him responsible for the drafting and defense of the Draft Law of Local Government and the defense also of the Mortgage Act of 1909 and two very specific and favorable opinions for the city of Valencia as were the granting of the lagoon and the introduction of the railroad through Cuenca, between Valencia and the capital Madrid.

paragraph: After the events known as Tragic Week in Barcelona, he was appointed Civil Governor of that province. He spent a short time in Barcelona, where he was supposed to resolve the problems involving Angel Ossorio y Gallardo, a member of his own party, who had been accused of weakness before the events of 1909. Like Ossorio y Gallardo, Crespo Azorín remained loyal to the party to which both belonged, and when the party split between the followers of Eduardo Dato and Antonio Maura, both decided to support the latter. However, after heading the Barcelona province, he returned to Valencia, for his task of teaching and lawyer was in this city.

paragraph: Despite his political passion, he did not leave at any time to study and teach, while still being a lawyer in body and soul. He had also graduated in Philosophy at the University of Valencia, Calle de la Nave and graduated as a professor in the Commercial Trade School in Alicante, because there was no such centre in Valencia, even before all political activity he had won the chair of Comparative Commercial Law, Economics and Law of Customs of the School of Commerce. To practice in Valencia he founded the centre that bore his name due to him having been the first director of the Business School that existed in the Barrio del Carmen in Valencia, later being appointed honorary director. The Business School later created a chair that bore his name.

paragraph: This creation had been conducted under the auspices of Ateneo Mercantil de Valencia, where he became vice president and left a trail that went with the familiar presence at the cloister.

paragraph: He dedicated himself mostly to law, creating a special style of exercising the profession which he started as an intern in the counsel Facundo Burriel Guillen and his predicament led him to proclaim the year of the Second Republic, to take the Dean of the Valencian Lawyer's College (from 1919 to 1923 he served as deputy 2nd and from 1925 to 1927 the office of deputy 1), a post he held for one term and with such prestige that he was appointed Honorary Dean Perpetual of the College professional. He was counsel in many companies of the first magnitude, such as the Central of Aragon, Valencia ditches, Trams and Railways Company of Valencia (CTFV) and several banks, which did not stop his political activity, especially in the time he also served as a Valencia councillor.

paragraph: Streets in Valencia city are named after Crespo Azorín.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Archivo Histórico del Colegio de Abogados de Valencia", ICAV.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Enciclopedia de la Región Valenciana"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "101 hijos ilustres del Reino de Valencia", por Vicente Añon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cien abogados ilustres del Colegio de Valencia", por Francisco de P. Momblanch y Gonzalbez, editado por el ICAV en el año 1961.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Congreso de los Diputados de España.

paragraph: BULLET::::- La biografía del Ministro Cambó (1876–1947), por Jesús Pabón.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Colegio P. Isidro Girant de Ayora.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sobre el 4º centenario de la Universidad de Valencia, iniciado por el Rector Nicolás Ferrer Julve.

description: Spanish lawyer, politician and jurist (1863-1941)

wikidata_label: Evaristo Crespo Azorín

wikipedia_title: Evaristo Crespo Azorín


text: Swedish

text: stage

text: actress

text: Hjalmar Söderberg

text: Royal Dramatic Theatre

text: Royal Dramatic Theatre's acting school

text: Rune Carlstén

text: Dramatens elevskola

categories: Swedish stage actresses,1899 births,1990 deaths

paragraph: Dora Söderberg

paragraph: Dora Söderberg (10 November 1899 – 9 November 1990) was a Swedish stage actress.

paragraph: Daughter of the famous Swedish novelist and playwright Hjalmar Söderberg.

paragraph: Dora Söderberg was a highly acclaimed character actress and a longtime member of Sweden's national stage, the Royal Dramatic Theatre-ensemble (1935–1986), where she acted in more than 80 productions. She trained at the Royal Dramatic Theatre's acting school 1917-19.

paragraph: Dora Söderberg was married to Swedish theatre- and film director Rune Carlstén.

paragraph: Sometimes credited as "Dora Carlstén" or "Dora Söderberg-Carlstén".

paragraph: Section::::Source and references.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Actors encyclopedia "Svenska konstnärer inom scen, musik och film"; Dora Söderberg; Bonniers; (1943) (Sweden)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Om igen, herr Molander! by Ingrid Luterkort, Stockholmia Förlag, Borås, Sweden, 1998 (list; students at Dramatens elevskola)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dora Söderberg - Rollboken - at Dramaten.se (list of stage credits at The Royal Dramatic Theatre).

description: Swedish actress

wikidata_label: Dora Söderberg

wikipedia_title: Dora Söderberg


text:
Żagań
Głogów
Głogów
Henry VIII the Sparrow
Głogów
Władysław of Opole
Rupert I of Legnica
Jan I
Henry IX the Older
Wenceslaus
Emperor Sigismund
Wroclaw
Hussites
Upper Lusatia
Kożuchów
Zielona Góra
Denmark
Eric
first cousin
Bogislaw VIII
Pomerania-Stargard
Flubsberg
Hadersleben
Chronological Dates in Stoyan

paragraph: Henry X Rumpold

paragraph: Henry X Rumpold, Duke of Żagań also known as the Younger (; b. ca. 1390 – d. 18 January 1423), was a Duke of Żagań-Głogów during 1397-1412 (as co-ruler of his brothers) and since 1412 ruler over Głogów (as co-ruler of his brother).

paragraph: He was the third son of Henry VIII the Sparrow, Duke of Głogów by his wife Katharina, daughter of Duke Władysław of Opole.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: After the early death of his father in 1397, Henry X was first under the care of his mother and the guardianship of Duke Rupert I of Legnica, and since 1401 under the tutelage of his older brothers Jan I and Henry IX the Older.

paragraph: In 1412 was made the formal division of the paternal lands. Henry X, received together with his brothers Henry IX and Wenceslaus the Duchy of Głogów; however, he wasn't interested in the internal affairs of the Duchy and leave all the government in the hands of Henry IX.

paragraph: Henry X remained at the service of the Emperor Sigismund. In 1420, together with his brothers, he participated in the great congress of Wroclaw, where he paid homage to the Emperor. Also, he took part in expeditions against the Hussites, and shortly after was appointed Governor of the Upper Lusatia. After the death of his mother, he inherited, together with Henry IX, the towns of Kożuchów and Zielona Góra.

paragraph: Under the service of Emperor Sigismund, Henry X was a mediator in international affairs, and he was sent in a diplomatic mission to Denmark, where after successfully negotiations with the King Eric, was arranged his betrothal with the King's first cousin Adelaide (b. 1410 - d. aft. 1445), daughter of Duke Bogislaw VIII of Pomerania-Stargard; but he died soon after in a military camp in Flubsberg. He was buried in Hadersleben ("Haderslev").

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronological Dates in Stoyan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article was translated from his original in Polish Wikipedia."

description: Polish noble

wikidata_label: Henry X Rumpold

wikipedia_title: Henry X Rumpold


text:
General
British Army
William Henry Smyth
Charles Piazzi Smyth
Warington Wilkinson Smyth
Baden Powell
William Henry Flower
Westminster
Bedford School
Royal Artillery
Crimean War
Siege of Sevastopol
Woolwich
South Africa
Zululand
Governor of Cape Colony
High Commissioner for Southern Africa
Governor of Malta
Lillington, Warwickshire
John Whitehead Greaves
John Ernest Greaves
Stone, Buckinghamshire

categories: People educated at Bedford School,Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich,1825 births,1906 deaths,Royal Artillery officers,British Army personnel of the Crimean War,Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society,Governors and Governors-General of Malta,Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London

paragraph: Henry Augustus Smyth

paragraph: General Sir Henry Augustus Smyth (25 November 1825 – 19 September 1906) was a senior British Army officer. He was the son of Admiral William Henry Smyth and the brother of astronomer Charles Piazzi Smyth and geologist Sir Warington Wilkinson Smyth. Of his sisters, Henrietta married the theologian Baden Powell and Georgiana the anatomist Sir William Henry Flower.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Born on 25 November 1825 in Westminster and educated at Bedford School, Smyth was commissioned as second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in 1843. He served in the Crimean War and was present at the Siege of Sevastopol. He became commandant of Woolwich garrison and military district in 1882 and General Officer Commanding the troops in South Africa in 1886. In 1888 Smyth mustered an army of 2,000 troops and left for Zululand to put down a rebellion there.

paragraph: Smyth became acting Governor of Cape Colony as well as acting High Commissioner for Southern Africa in 1889. He became Governor of Malta in 1890 before retiring in 1893.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On 14 April 1874 at Lillington, Warwickshire he married Helen Constance Greaves (1845-1932), daughter of John Whitehead Greaves and sister of John Ernest Greaves. They had no children. Smyth died on 18 September 1906 at Stone, Buckinghamshire, and was buried there.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

alias:
Henry Smyth
Sir Henry Smyth
Sir Henry Augustus Smyth

description: British Army general

wikidata_label: Henry Augustus Smyth

wikipedia_title: Henry Augustus Smyth


text:
National Theatre of Japan
Chūshingura
Kabuki-za
Ichikawa Ennosuke III
Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura
heyago
nadaiyakusha
Shun'en II

paragraph: Ichikawa Shun'en II

paragraph: Born Gen Kondō in 1970, in March 1988, at the age of 18, he completed the formal kabuki actor training course at the National Theatre of Japan. The following month he made his kabuki stage debut under his real name, performing a number of minor roles in a production of "Chūshingura" at the Kabuki-za. He became the apprentice or disciple of actor Ichikawa Ennosuke III in July the same year, and performed several minor roles in "Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura" under the name Ichikawa Shun'en II, officially becoming Ennosuke's "heyago" (a certain type of formal apprentice) in 1994.

paragraph: Shun'en was promoted to "nadaiyakusha" (名題役者, an actor who plays major roles) in 2000. He is active in the entertainment world offstage, frequently appearing on television variety shows, and has appeared in television dramas and video games as well.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shōriya, Aragorō. "Shun'en II." Kabuki21.com. Accessed 28 February 2009.

description: Japanese actor

wikidata_label: Ichikawa Shun'en II

wikipedia_title: Ichikawa Shun'en II


text:
Færeyinga saga
Faroe Islands
Old Norse
Norwegian
Viking
Haraldur Hárfagri
papar
Dicuil
Funningur
Eysturoy
Celt
Ireland
Western Isles
Isle of Man
Irish monks
Norse settlement in the Faroe Islands

categories: 9th-century Faroese people,Viking explorers,Norwegian explorers

paragraph: Grímur Kamban

paragraph: Grímur Kamban was, according to the Færeyinga saga, the first man to set foot in the Faroe Islands. The name was written "Grímr" in Old Norse and often "Grim" in English.

paragraph: Section::::Settlement of the Faroe Islands.

paragraph: The saga says, he was a Norwegian Viking escaping the tyranny of the Norse king Haraldur Hárfagri. However, this is an error in this saga, because Harald's age was in the late 9th century, while the first Norse settlers reached the Faroes after 825.

paragraph: It was also Irish monks, known as papar, who settled in the Faroes from about 625, which is today proved by botanical researches. According to Dicuil, those monks left the islands before 825 after Viking raids. Thus Grímur Kamban is supposed to be the first man, who "re-settled" the Faroes.

paragraph: It is said that he settled down in Funningur on Eysturoy. The name "funningur" means "finding". Excavations have shown Viking houses in this area, as well as all over the Faroes.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: The name "Kamban" indicates Celtic origins. Thus he could have been a man from Ireland, Western Isles or Isle of Man, where the Vikings already had settlements. Another theory says, he could have been an early Christianized Norwegian under the influence of Irish monks there.

paragraph: If Gaelic, the first part of "Kamban" would originate in the Old Gaelic "camb" "crooked". The name Kamban is therefore most likely be derived from "cambán" "crooked one" (c.f. Modern Irish "camán", Scots Gaelic "caman" and Manx "camane"). The root "camb" is also found in the Gaelic names Campbell (originally "caimbeul") "crooked-mouth" and Cameron ("camshròn") "crooked nose", as well as the sports term "cambóg", which in Gaelic refers to the type of stick used in games like hurling, hockey and golf.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norse settlement in the Faroe Islands

description: Norwegian explorer

wikidata_label: Grímur Kamban

wikipedia_title: Grímur Kamban


text: infielder

categories: Shreveport Sports players,Kansas City Blues (baseball) players,Chattanooga Lookouts players,Chicago Cubs players,1964 deaths,Baseball players from Illinois,Minor league baseball managers,Galveston Pirates players,Fort Worth Panthers players,Major League Baseball infielders,Birmingham Barons players,Cincinnati Reds players,1887 births

paragraph: Art Phelan

paragraph: Arthur Thomas Phelan (August 14, 1887 – December 27, 1964), was a professional baseball infielder in the Major Leagues from 1910 to 1915, who played for the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Art Phelan

wikipedia_title: Art Phelan


text:
Adolf of Germany
Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg
Duchess consort of Bavaria
Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria
Gerlach I of Nassau-Wiesbaden
Walram III of Nassau-Wiesbaden
Klarenthal Abbey
Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg
Habsburg
Albert of Austria
Matilda of Habsburg
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Bavaria
England
Treaty of Pavia
Heidelberg
Nuremberg
Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria
John I of Isenburg-Limburg
Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine
Wolfratshausen
Rudolf II the Blind
Rupert I the Red
John III of Sponheim

categories: Women of medieval Germany,House of Nassau-Weilburg,1323 deaths

paragraph: Mechtild of Nassau

paragraph: Mechtild of Nassau (before 1280 – 19 June 1323) was the youngest child of Adolf of Germany and his wife Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg. Mechtild is also known as "Matilda of Nassau". She was Duchess consort of Bavaria, by her marriage to Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Mechtild was the youngest of eight children, however only Mechtild and three other siblings lived to adulthood: Gerlach I of Nassau-Wiesbaden, Walram III of Nassau-Wiesbaden and Adelheid, Abbess of Klarenthal Abbey.

paragraph: Rudolf succeeded his father in 1294 and supported his father-in-law king Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg against his uncle, the Habsburg Albert of Austria. After Adolf’s death Rudolf joined Albert’s party but the strong dynastic policy of the new king caused a new conflict. Rudolf's mother, Matilda of Habsburg acted as regent for her son Rudolf as well as her other son, the future Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor. A civil war against Louis due to new disputes on the partition of Bavaria was ended in 1313, when peace was made at Munich. Rudolf died in 1319, in England.

paragraph: Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor had taken the Palatinate by force of arms. In August 1322, the war finally came to an end, but only after Mechtild's death in June 1323, when the three brothers finally were able to make peace with their uncle. Louis' sons inherited Bavaria and Rudolf and Mechtild's sons inherited the Upper Palatinate and the Palatinate in line with the Treaty of Pavia.

paragraph: Metchild died 19 June 1323 in Heidelberg. She was buried at Klarenthal Abbey.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: She married in Nuremberg 1 September 1294 Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria. John I of Isenburg-Limburg helped make the final agreement.

paragraph: Mechtild and Rudolf had:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Ludwig (1297 – before 5 April 1311)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine (27 September 1300, Wolfratshausen – 29 January 1327)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Rudolf II the Blind (8 August 1306, Wolfratshausen – 4 October 1353, Neustadt)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Rupert I the Red (9 June 1309, Wolfratshausen – 16 February 1390)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Mathilde (1312 – 25 November 1375), married 1330/1 to Count John III of Sponheim

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Anna (1318–1319).

description: German countess

wikidata_label: Mechtild of Nassau

wikipedia_title: Mechtild of Nassau


text:
Bishop of Andria
Italy
Englishman
Pope Adrian IV
Eleventh Ecumenical Council
Pope Alexander III
Francesco II Del Balzo
Pope Eugene IV

categories: Italian Roman Catholic saints,12th-century Christian saints,People from Andria,12th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Year of birth unknown,English Roman Catholic saints,1196 deaths

paragraph: Richard of Andria

paragraph: Richard was Bishop of Andria, Italy. He was appointed to the see of Andria by fellow Englishman Pope Adrian IV. In 1179, Richard was one of the Bishops present at the Eleventh Ecumenical Council (Third Lateran, 1179) held by Pope Alexander III. He remained in his office until his death, a period of well over 40 years.

paragraph: In 1438, under the rule of Duke Francesco II Del Balzo, a woman putatively rediscovered his remains under the main altar of the Cathedral where it was claimed they had been hidden during the Hungarian invasions. Under the patronage of Federico, he was able to obtain Richard's canonization by Pope Eugene IV.

description: Richard was Bishop of Andria, Italy

wikidata_label: Richard of Andria

wikipedia_title: Richard of Andria


text:
Occitan
Catalan
troubadour
viscount
Berguedà
sirventes
cansos
vida
County of Cerdagne
Huguet de Mataplana
sirventes
Ramon Folc
Cardona
Alfonso II
dishonorably
Santiago de Compostela
Castell Berguedà
Casserres
Puig-reig
Espinalbet
Montmajor
Bertran de Born
Richard Coeur de Lion
Château de Najac
Raymond VI of Toulouse
Fenollet
Templars
Hospitallers
Caldes
Sentmenat del Vallès
archbishop of Tarragona
Berenguer de Vilademuls
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Sancho VI of Navarre
Ponç de Cabrera
Arnau de Preixens
of Urgell
Ermengol VIII of Urgell

categories: 1130 births,French male poets,1195 deaths,Male composers,12th-century French writers,Troubadours

paragraph: Guilhem de Berguedan

paragraph: Guillem de Berguedà ("c".1130–1195/6; "fl".1138–1192), or Guilhem de Berguedan in Occitan, was a Catalan troubadour and viscount of Berguedà. He was the most prolific Catalan poet of the twelfth century, though he composed in Occitan, and thirty-one of his poems survive. Most are "sirventes", "typically violent and obscene, reflecting his character and turbulent life," but there are a few "cansos". Most of what is known about him derives from his "vida" and his songs.

paragraph: The viscounty of Berguedà was a fief of the County of Cerdagne and the first mention of its dates to the tenth century. In 1131 Guillem's father (also Guillem) appears for the first time in a document as rendering homage to Huguet de Mataplana, from he held a fief. It is not until 1138 that the troubadour Guillem first appears in documents, as a child at the side of his father. Later writings indicate that he had three younger brothers, Raymond, Berengar, and Bernard.

paragraph: Some "sirventes" mention an imprisonment sometime before 1175, but in that year Guillem's adult career as a troubadour commenced. In several "sirventes" Guillem had insulted and humiliated Ramon Folc, the viscount of Cardona, thus earning Ramon's enmity. The influential viscount of Cardona then sought to turn Alfonso II and his court against the troubadour, but on 3 March 1175 Guillem dishonorably attacked and killed Ramon. His title and fiefs were confiscated and he was consequently exiled from Catalonia and is not heard of again for seven years. During his exile he befriended one Arnau de Castellbò and gathered around himself a small group of loyal supporters. It was probably during this period of exile that he made his pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela.

paragraph: Guillem's career in Catalonia picks up again in the 1180s. By his father's will of 1183 Guillem stood to inherit the castles of Madrona (known as Castell Berguedà), Casserres, Puig-reig, Espinalbet, and Montmajor the fief held from Huguet de Mataplana. Through some poems of Bertran de Born, a friend and fellow troubadour, we know that Guillem was an enemy of Alfonso II. The troubadour and the king appear to have made peace by 14 April 1185, when Guillem figured among some followers of the king at a meeting with Richard Coeur de Lion at the Château de Najac, to fortify their alliance against Raymond VI of Toulouse.

paragraph: In 1187 Guillem made his first will and testament, which survives in its original. He left Fenollet and the castle of Puig-reig to the Templars and a few minor possessions to the Hospitallers. Other than that all was left to his brother Berengar, who had to donate a quarter to Bernard. Guillem had apparently amassed debts to the Temple and the Hospital: they were allowed to hold their inheritances until the debt was paid. The will permits us to describe Guillem's power in feudal terms: he held five castles with their knights and vassals and corresponding territories, diverse places and manors in upper and lower Berguedà, a fief in Cerdagne, and rights over Caldes and Sentmenat del Vallès. He did not, at the time of the first testament, have a wife or any recognised children.

paragraph: Shortly after the will relations with the king turned sour, signalled by a mocking "sirventes" against Alfonso. In 1190 Guillem offended the king and the archbishop of Tarragona, Berenguer de Vilademuls, and addressed a "sirventes" to his friend Arnau de Castellbò at the court of Alfonso VIII of Castile, then allied with Sancho VI of Navarre against the king of Aragon. Guillem's final years were occupied by wars, where he fought on the side of Arnau and Ponç de Cabrera against the king, Bishop Arnau de Preixens of Urgell, and Count Ermengol VIII of Urgell.

paragraph: In 1195 Bertran de Born composed a song repenting of his career of disputes and wars and encouraging Guillem to do the same. There was no time for the poem to have an effect: in 1195 or 1196 Guillem was assassinated by a soldier probably in the employ of one of his numerous enemies.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egan, Margarita, ed. and trans. "The Vidas of the Troubadours". New York: Garland, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaunt, Simon, and Kay, Sarah. "Appendix I: Major Troubadours" (pp. 279–291). "The Troubadours: An Introduction". Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

description: troubadour

wikidata_label: Guillem de Berguedà

wikipedia_title: Guilhem de Berguedan


text: Estonian

text: speed skater

text: Soviet Union

text: Kalev

text: Voluntary Sports Society

text: Boris Shilkov

text: European Allround Champion

text: 1964 Winter Olympics

text: Innsbruck

text: Oscar Mathisen Award

text: 1968 Winter Olympics

text: Grenoble

text: 1992 Winter Olympics

text: flag bearer for Estonia

text: Eve Kivi

text: world record

text: Adelskalender

text: Ants Antson at SpeedSkatingStats.com

text: Evert Stenlund's Adelskalender pages

text: Legends of Soviet Sport

categories: Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union,Sportspeople from Tallinn,2015 deaths,Estonian male speed skaters,Olympic speed skaters of the Soviet Union,Former world record holders in speed skating,1938 births,Speed skaters at the 1964 Winter Olympics,Speed skaters at the 1968 Winter Olympics,Olympic medalists in speed skating,Soviet male speed skaters

paragraph: Ants Antson

paragraph: Ants Antson (11 November 1938 – 31 October 2015) was an Estonian speed skater who competed for the Soviet Union.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Antson trained at the Kalev Voluntary Sports Society. Coached by former World, Olympic, and European Champion Boris Shilkov, Antson had his best year in 1964, when he became European Allround Champion, won the 1500 m event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, and set a new world record in the 3000 m at the same games. For his achievements that year, he received the Oscar Mathisen Award.

paragraph: The two gold medals Antson won in 1964 turned out to be his only international medals, although he did win some national medals at the Soviet Allround Championships – gold in 1967, silver in 1965 and 1968, and bronze in 1966. He participated in the 1500 m at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, but despite skating a new personal record, he finished only twelfth.

paragraph: He retired shortly after the 1968 Games and worked as a sports official, first in the Soviet Estonian Committee for Physical Culture and Sports, and later with the Estonian Olympic Committee. At the 1992 Winter Olympics he became the first flag bearer for Estonia after it became independent from the Soviet Union.

paragraph: In 1965, Antson married Estonian film actress Eve Kivi, the couple would divorce in 1972. He later married Ene Antson and the couple remained married until his death; one week and four days before his 77th birthday.

paragraph: Section::::Medals.

paragraph: An overview of medals won by Antson at important championships he participated in, listing the years in which he won each:

paragraph: Section::::Records.

paragraph: Section::::Records.:World records.

paragraph: Over the course of his career, Antson skated one world record:

paragraph: Section::::Personal records.

paragraph: To put these personal records in perspective, the "WR" column lists the official world records on the dates that Antson skated his personal records.

paragraph: Antson has an Adelskalender score of 176.465 points. His highest ranking on the Adelskalender was fourth place.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ants Antson at SpeedSkatingStats.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal records from Jakub Majerski's Speedskating Database

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evert Stenlund's Adelskalender pages

paragraph: BULLET::::- Results of Soviet Championships at SpeedSkating.ru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Legends of Soviet Sport

description: speed skater

wikidata_label: Ants Antson

wikipedia_title: Ants Antson


text:
Marc Bolan
Tyrannosaurus Rex
A Beard of Stars
glam rock
T.Rex
sideman
Hapshash and the Coloured Coat
session musician
The Blow Monkeys
The Soup Dragons
Thornton Heath
Steve Peregrin Took
Master Henry Gibson
Curtis Mayfield
bongo
duo
Mickey Finn's T. Rex
liver
Croydon

categories: 1947 births,Conga players,2003 deaths,Glam rock musicians,Bongo players,English rock drummers,People from Thornton Heath,Alcohol-related deaths in England

paragraph: Mickey Finn (drummer)

paragraph: Michael Norman Finn (3 June 1947 – 11 January 2003), known professionally as Mickey Finn, was the percussionist and sideman to Marc Bolan in his band Tyrannosaurus Rex (on one album, "A Beard of Stars"), and later, the 1970s glam rock group, T.Rex. Often confused with other musicians by the same name, Michael Norman Finn (apart from T. Rex) only toured as a sideman in the 1960s with Hapshash and the Coloured Coat. After Bolan and T.Rex's demise, he worked as a session musician for The Blow Monkeys and The Soup Dragons.

paragraph: Finn was born in Thornton Heath, Surrey, England. After he joined Tyrannosaurus Rex in late 1969, it was rumoured that Bolan had hired Finn for his good looks, and because he admired his motorcycle, rather than for his musical ability. Finn was unable to recreate the complex rhythmical patterns of his predecessor, Steve Peregrin Took, and was effectively hired as much for a visual foil for Bolan as for his drumming. The BBC news commented on this, saying "Marc Bolan was supposed to have said of Finn: 'He can't sing... but he looks superb.'"

paragraph: Mickey Finn stated, on a radio show in Denmark on which he and Marc Bolan were appearing as guest DJs, that his big influence in percussion was the prolific Master Henry Gibson from Curtis Mayfield's band. In 1969-1971, Finn's contribution to Bolan's music, as bongocero, backing vocalist and occasional bass guitarist, was essential, because T. Rex started off as Tyrannosaurus Rex, a duo and Marc needed a replacement for Steve Peregrin Took. Something of a character both on and off stage, Finn was often to be seen wearing a hat (including a green bowler), a trademark that was adopted by a significant proportion of T. Rex fans.

paragraph: During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Finn made a handful of guest appearances with the West London rock band, Checkpoint Charlie, fronted by Mick Lexington.

paragraph: In 1991 he joined Croydon R'n'B band WD40, which had a fluid line-up based around his very old friend drummer Stewart Childs (the Interns) harp & vocalist Colin Goody and vocalist and guitarist Pete Robins. The band then added guitarists, percussion etc. as required but unfortunately Mickey was forced to retire after about 12 months due to failing health. A couple of live tracks survive from this line up, but are currently out of print. Mickey also was invited to play at the Marc Bolan 50th Anniversary gig organized by Mick Gray (ex T.Rex tour manager and roadie) to celebrate what would have been Marc's 50th Birthday at the Cambridge Corn Exchange on 30 September 1997 where Gray was manager.

paragraph: Finn returned to the mainstream music scene in 1997, fronting a new, controversial version of T. Rex, Mickey Finn's T. Rex, playing old T. Rex songs until his last days.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Finn apparently died from alcohol-related liver problems, in Croydon, Surrey, on 11 January 2003, aged 55. His manager, Barry Newby commented that it was likely that Finn's illness and death were due to liver and kidney problems but it was not confirmed at the time of the interview.

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Mickey Finn

wikipedia_title: Mickey Finn (drummer)