text: CE

text: Muslim

text: companion

text: Prophet Muhammad

text: Byzantine

text: Bosra

text: Battle of Mutah

text: Zaynab bint Jahsh

text: Umm Ayman

text: Kalb

text: Najd

text: Arabia

text: Tayy

text: Qayn

text: market at Ukkaz

text: Mecca

text: Hakim ibn Hizam

text: Khadijah bint Khuwaylid

text: Kaaba

text: Ta'if

text: Zayd ibn Amr

text: Gabriel

text: converts to Islam

text: Muslim

text: Lubaba bint al-Harith

text: first male converts

text: Ali

text: Abu Bakr

text: Hijrah

text: Medina

text: Hamza

text: Sawda

text: Umm Kulthum

text: Fatimah

text: Baraka

text: Usama

text: Umm Rumman

text: Asma

text: Abdullah

text: Aisha

text: Talhah

text: Umm Ayman (Barakah)

text: Ayman ibn Ubayd

text: Zaynab bint Jahsh

text: Umm Kulthum bint Uqba

text: Uthman

text: Usama

text: Barakah

text: Zaynab bint Jahsh

text: Quraysh

text: Montgomery Watt

text: Ibn Sa`d

text: al-Tabari

text: kafala

text: Badr

text: Uhud

text: Trench

text: Khaybar

text: Hudaybiyyah

text: Al-Muraysi

text: Al-Qarada

text: Al-Jumum

text: Al-'Is

text: Wadi al-Qura

text: Fazara

text: Hisma

text: Battle of Mu'tah

text: Aisha

text: Byzantine

text: Bosra

text: Bahra'

text: Mu'tah

text: battle

text: Ja`far ibn Abī Tālib

text: `Abd Allāh ibn Rawāḥah

text: Saad ibn Ubada

text: Islamic adoptional jurisprudence

text: Sunni view of the Sahaba

text: List of expeditions of Muhammad

text: Powers, David

text: Watt, Montgomery

text: Muhammad at Mecca

text: Muhammad at Medina

categories: 7th-century Arabs,Family of Muhammad,629 deaths,Sahabah participated in battle of Uhud,Male Sahabah,Sahabah martyrs,Banu Kalb,Converts to Islam,581 births

image: 512px-تخطيط_اسم_زيد_بن_حارثة.png

paragraph: Zayd ibn Harithah

paragraph: Zayd ibn Ḥārithah () (c. 581–629 CE), was an early Muslim, companion and adopted son of the Prophet Muhammad. Zayd was a commander in Muhammad's army and led several early military expeditions during the lifetime of Muhammad (see Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (disambiguation)).

paragraph: Zayd led his final expedition in September 629 C.E, and set out to raid the Byzantine city of Bosra. However the Muslim army was intercepted by Byzantine forces and Zayd was subsequently killed at the Battle of Mutah.

paragraph: Zayd was married to prominent women of the Prophet's household, including Muhammad's cousin Zaynab bint Jahsh and his loyal servant Barakah (Umm Ayman).

paragraph: Section::::Childhood.

paragraph: Zayd is said to have been ten years younger than Muhammad, suggesting a birth-year of c. 581 A.D. He is also said to have been 55 (lunar) years old at his death in 629, indicating a birthdate of 576.

paragraph: He was born into the Udhra branch of the Kalb tribe in the Najd, central Arabia. He claimed a pedigree twelfth in descent from Udhra ibn Zayd al-Lat ibn Rufayda ibn Thawr ibn Kalb ibn Wabara.Landau-Tasseron/Tabari p. 6. Zayd's mother, Suda bint Thaalaba, was from the Maan branch of the Tayy tribe.Landau-Tasseron/Tabari p. 6.

paragraph: When Zayd was "a young boy of an age at which he could be a servant" he accompanied his mother on a visit to her family. While they were staying with the Maan tribe, horsemen from the Qayn tribe raided their tents and kidnapped Zayd. They took him to the market at Ukkaz and sold him as a slave for 400 "dinars ".

paragraph: Zayd's family searched for him, but without success. A lament is attributed to his father, Harithah ibn Sharahil (BaSharahil):

paragraph: poem"I weep for Zayd, not knowing what became of him.

paragraph: Is he alive, is he to be expected, or has Death come over him?

paragraph: By God, I ask yet do not comprehend.

paragraph: Was it the plain or the mountain that brought about your end?

paragraph: I wish that I knew: Will you ever return?

paragraph: In this world only for your coming back I yearn.

paragraph: The sun reminds me of him when it dawns, evoking his memory as the dusk falls.

paragraph: When the winds blow, they stir up memories like dust.

paragraph: O how long my sorrow and fear for him last!"/poem

paragraph: Section::::Slavery in Mecca.

paragraph: Zaid was purchased by a merchant of Mecca, Hakim ibn Hizam, who gave the boy as a present to his aunt, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid. He remained in her possession until the day she married Muhammad , when she gave the slave as a wedding present to her bridegroom. Muhammad became very attached to Zaid, to whom he referred as "al-Ḥabīb" ().

paragraph: Some years later, some members of Zaid's tribe happened to arrive in Mecca on pilgrimage. They encountered Zaid and recognised each other, and he asked them to take a message home.

paragraph: On receiving this message, Zaid's father and uncle immediately set out for Mecca. They found Muhammad at the Kaaba and promised him any ransom if he would return Zaid to them. Muhammad replied that Zaid should be allowed to choose his fate, but that if he wished to return to his family, Muhammad would release him without accepting any ransom in exchange. They called for Zaid, who easily recognised his father and uncle, but told them that he did not want to leave Muhammad, "for I have seen something in this man, and I am not the kind of person who would ever choose anyone in preference to him." At this, Muhammad took Zaid to the steps of the Kaaba, where legal contracts were agreed and witnessed, and announced to the crowds: "Witness that Zaid becomes my son, with mutual rights of inheritance." On seeing this, Zaid's father and uncle "were satisfied," and they returned home without him.

paragraph: In accordance with the Arabic custom of adoption at the time, Zayd was thereafter known as "Zayd ibn Muhammad" and was a freedman, regarded socially and legally as Muhammad's son.Landau-Tasseron/Tabari p. 9.

paragraph: Section::::Conversion to Islam.

paragraph: At an unknown date before 610, Zayd accompanied Muhammad to Ta'if, where it was a tradition to sacrifice meat to the idols. Near Baldah on their way back to Mecca, they met Zayd ibn Amr and offered him some of the cooked meat that Zayd was carrying in their bag. Zayd ibn Amr, an outspoken monotheist, replied, "I do not eat anything which you slaughter in the name of your stone idols. I eat none but those things on which Allah's Name has been mentioned at the time of slaughtering." After this encounter, said Muhammad, "I never stroked an idol of theirs, nor did I sacrifice to them, until God honoured me with his apostleship."

paragraph: When Muhammad reported in 610 that he had received a revelation from the angel Gabriel, Zayd was one of the first converts to Islam. While Khadijah was the first Muslim of all, she was closely followed by her neighbour Lubaba bint al-Harith, her four daughters, and the first male converts, Ali, Zayd and Abu Bakr.

paragraph: Section::::The "Hijrah".

paragraph: In 622, Zayd joined the other Muslims in the "Hijrah" to Medina. Once settled in the new city, Muhammad urged each Muslim to "take a brother in Religion" so that each would have an ally in the community. Zayd was paired with Muhammad's uncle Hamza. Hamza accordingly trusted his last testament to Zayd just before his death in 625.

paragraph: A few months later, Muhammad and Abu Bakr sent Zayd back to Mecca to escort their families to Medina. The return party consisted of Muhammad's wife Sawda, his daughters Umm Kulthum and Fatimah, his servant Abu Rafi, Zayd's wife Baraka and their son Usama, Abu Bakr's wife Umm Rumman, his children Asma, Abdullah and Aisha, and a guide named Abdullah ibn Urayqit, and Abu Bakr's kinsman Talhah also decided to accompany them.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and Children.

paragraph: Zayd married at least six times.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Durrah (Fakhita) bint Abi Lahab, a cousin of Muhammad.Bewley/Saad vol. 3 p. 32. They were divorced; the dates are unknown, but Durrah's two brothers were divorced from Muhammad's two daughters in 613.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Umm Ayman (Barakah), Muhammad's freedwoman and mother of Ayman ibn Ubayd. They were married "after Islam" and their son was born in 612.Landau-Tasseron/Tabari p. 65.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Hind bint Al-Awwam, a niece of Khadijah.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Humayma bint Sayfi (Umm Mubashshir), the widow of Al-Baraa ibn Maarur, a chief in Medina. Al-Baraa died in August or September 622, so the marriage to Zayd was presumably in or after 623.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Zaynab bint Jahsh, a cousin of Muhammad. They were married in 625 and divorced in late 626.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Umm Kulthum bint Uqba, a maternal sister of Caliph Uthman. This marriage was ordered by Muhammad in 628, but it ended in divorce.

paragraph: Zayd had three children.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Usama, son of Barakah, who had descendants, but their number "never exceeded twenty in any given generation."

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Zayd, son of Umm Kulthum, who died in infancy.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Ruqayya, daughter of Umm Kulthum, who died while under the care of Uthman.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and Children.:Marriage to Zaynab bint Jahsh.

paragraph: Around 625 Muhammad proposed that his cousin, Zaynab bint Jahsh, should marry Zayd. At first she refused on the grounds that she was of the Quraysh. It has been suggested that differences between Zaynab's social status and Zayd's were precisely the reason why Muhammad wanted to arrange the marriage:

paragraph: The Prophet was well aware that it is a person's standing in the eyes of Allah that is important, rather than his or her status in the eyes of the people ... their marriage would demonstrate that it was not who their ancestors were, but rather their standing in the sight of Allah, that mattered.

paragraph: By contrast, Montgomery Watt points out that Zayd was high in Muhammad's esteem.

paragraph: She can hardly have thought that he was not good enough. She was an ambitious woman, however, and may already have hoped to marry Muhammad, or she may have wanted to marry someone with whom Muhammad did not want his family to be so closely allied.

paragraph: When Muhammad announced a new verse of the Qur'an, ,

paragraph: Zaynab acquiesced and married Zayd. The marriage lasted less than two years. According to Ibn Sa`d and al-Tabari

paragraph: Zayd bin Harithah, who lived in Muhammad's household and came to be regarded as his adoptive son-so that he was regularly addressed as Zayd, son of Muhammad. Whether the marriage between Zayd and Zaynab was a mesalliance from the beginning is speculation, though the account maintains that Zayd was not reluctant to divorce his wife and allow her to marry Muhammad. Muhammad is portrayed as reluctant to proceed with the marriage because of scruples about whether marrying one's adopted son's former wife violated the prohibited degrees of marriage. Arab customary practice recognized kinship relations not based on blood ties: fosterage (having nursed from the same woman) was one such relationship; the question whether adoption fell into this category must have been unclear among Muslims. The marriage did not take place until after a Qur'anic revelation was received, giving permission for believers to marry the divorced wives of their adopted sons.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and Children.:Change of adoption laws in Islam.

paragraph: After these events, the traditional Arab form of adoption was no longer recognized in Islam; it was replaced by "kafala". Three verses of the Qur'an were written about this. Al-Tabari states that Q33:40 was revealed because "the Munafiqun made this a topic of their conversation and reviled the Prophet, saying 'Muhammad prohibits [marriage] with the [former] wives of one's own sons, but he married the [former] wife of his son Zayd.'"

paragraph: Zayd reverted to being known by his original name of Zayd ibn Harithah and was no longer considered Muhammad's legal son after the revelation of Q33:5:

paragraph: Ibn Saad indicates that Q33:37 was a specific instruction to Muhammad and Zaynab to marry and that it explains why their marriage was necessary.

paragraph: Section::::Military expeditions.

paragraph: Zayd was "one of the famous archers among the Prophet's Companions."Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, "Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk", vol. 39. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). "Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors", p. 10. New York: State University of New York Press. He fought at Badr, Uhud, Trench and Khaybar, and was present at the expedition to Hudaybiyyah. When Muhammad raided Al-Muraysi, he left Zayd behind as governor in Medina.

paragraph: Zayd commanded seven military expeditions.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Al-Qarada in November 624. He captured a caravan of merchandise, but most of the Meccan merchants escaped.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Al-Jumum in September 627.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Al-'Is in October 627.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. At-Taraf, a raid in the Nakhl region "on the road to Iraq".

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Wadi al-Qura. Zayd raided the area in November 627, but the Fazara tribe counter-attacked, killing some of the Muslims, while Zayd was carried wounded from the field. Zayd swore revenge and, after he had recovered from his injuries in January 628, he returned to Wadi al-Qura with a larger army. This time he defeated the Fazari.

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Hisma, or Khushayn, against the Judham tribe in October 628.

paragraph: BULLET::::7. The Battle of Mu'tah in September 629, where Zayd was killed.

paragraph: According to Aisha, "The Messenger of Allah did not ever send Zayd ibn Haritha in an army without putting him in command of it, even if he stayed after he appointed him."

paragraph: Section::::Death in the Battle of Mu'tah and aftermath.

paragraph: Zayd ibn Harithah led his final expedition in September 629 C.E. A Muslim force of 3,000 men set out to raid the Byzantine city of Bosra. However, a Byzantine force of "100,000 Greeks joined by 100,000 men from Lakhm and Judham and Al-Qayn and Bahra' and Bali" intercepted them at a village called 'Mu'tah'. Zayd held the standard at the battle, until he was struck down by a spear-thrustBewley/Saad vol. 3 p. 33 and he bled to death. The other two leaders, Ja`far ibn Abī Tālib and `Abd Allāh ibn Rawāḥah, were also killed, and the Muslim army was routed.

paragraph: On hearing of Zayd's death, Muhammad went to the family. "The daughter of Zayd wept before the Messenger of Allah and the Messenger of Allah wept until he sobbed. Saad ibn Ubada said, 'Messenger of Allah, what is this?' He answered, 'This is the yearning of the lover for the beloved.'"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islamic adoptional jurisprudence

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sunni view of the Sahaba

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of expeditions of Muhammad

paragraph: BULLET::::- Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (disambiguation)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Powers, David, "Zayd, the little-known story of Muhammad's adopted son", Pennsylvania University Press, 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, Montgomery, "Muhammad at Mecca", Oxford University Press, 1953

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, Montgomery, "Muhammad at Medina", Oxford University Press, 1956

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lings, Martin. The life of Muhammad from the earliest sources.

description: Sahabah

wikidata_label: Zayd ibn Harithah

wikipedia_title: Zayd ibn Harithah


text:
John Bond
Tyneham
Inner Temple
Wadham College, Oxford
called to the bar
Denis Bond
Creech Grange
recorder
Wareham
general election
Corfe Castle
Swaythling
John
Nathaniel
Dorchester
1761 election
Viscount Malpas
1780 election
John

categories: British MPs 1768–1774,British MPs 1761–1768,British MPs 1754–1761,British MPs 1747–1754,1784 deaths,Members of the Inner Temple,1717 births,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford

paragraph: John Bond (1717–1784)

paragraph: John Bond (11 May 1717 – 30 May 1784) was a British barrister and politician.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of John Bond of Tyneham, Dorset and educated in the law at the Inner Temple and Wadham College, Oxford. He was called to the bar in 1740. He succeeded his father at Tyneham in 1744 and his uncle Denis Bond at Creech Grange, Dorset in 1747. These estates carried with them influence in local politics: in 1747, he was chosen recorder of nearby Wareham, an office he held until his death, and in the general election of that year, he was returned to Parliament for the borough of Corfe Castle. On 17 July 1749, he married Mary, the daughter of Edmund Dummer of Swaythling and stepdaughter of his uncle Denis. They had five sons and two daughters, including John and Nathaniel.

paragraph: In 1756, he was appointed recorder of Dorchester, holding office until 1781. He continued to be returned for Corfe Castle, where he kept up an agreement with the Bankes family, who owned substantial property within the borough, to return one member on each of their interests. For unknown reasons, he did not stand at the 1761 election, and returned Viscount Malpas on his interest instead. Malpas died in 1764, and Bond had himself returned at the ensuing by-election. An independent supporter of Government, little is known of his political convictions or activity in the House.

paragraph: On 18 July 1772, Bond was appointed recorder of Poole, an office he held until his death. He stood down from Parliament in the 1780 election in favour of his eldest living son, John.

paragraph: Bond died on 30 May 1784 and was succeeded to Creech Grange by his son John. His obituary noted his studies of classical authors and of British constitutional law, and his recreation of making improvements to his estate.

description: British politician, born 1717

wikidata_label: John Bond


text: British

text: Army

text: Eton

text: Sandhurst

text: Scots Guards

text: second lieutenant

text: Second Boer War

text: lieutenant

text: captain

text: Norfolk Yeomanry

text: First World War

text: aide-de-camp

text: Order of St. John

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Norfolk

text: Earl of Leicester

text: Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk

text: Holkham Hall

text: received pronunciation

text: Colonel

text: Hon

text: Major

text: David Arthur Coke

text: DFC

text: killed in action

text: Order of St John

text: Queen's South Africa Medal

text: 1914–15 Star

text: British War Medal

text: WWI Victory Medal

text: Deputy lieutenant

text: Norfolk

text: Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Norfolk

categories: People educated at Eton College,British Army personnel of the Second Boer War,Scots Guards officers,Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,Norfolk Yeomanry officers,Coke family,Earls of Leicester (1837),Lord-Lieutenants of Norfolk,1949 deaths,British Army personnel of World War I,Knights of the Order of St John,1880 births

paragraph: Thomas Coke, 4th Earl of Leicester

paragraph: Thomas William Coke, 4th Earl of Leicester, (9 July 1880 – 21 August 1949) was a British peer and Army officer, styled Viscount Coke from 1909 to 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Coke was the son of Thomas William Coke, 3rd Earl of Leicester, and Hon. Alice Emily White. Educated at Eton and Sandhurst, he entered the Scots Guards as a cadet, and was promoted to second lieutenant on 21 February 1900.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Coke was seconded for service in the Second Boer War in South Africa on 26 November 1901, and was promoted to lieutenant on 10 January 1902. Following the end of the war in June 1902 he returned with most of the men of the guards regiments on board the SS "Lake Michigan", which arrived in Southampton in October 1902. He went on half-pay on 13 April 1905 due to illness, but returned to service on 8 November 1905.

paragraph: Coke was promoted to captain on 14 March 1906. He resigned his commission on 6 March 1909, after his father succeeded to the earldom and he became heir apparent; his uncle John, then a lieutenant in the Guards, was promoted captain in his place. On 1 October 1909, he was commissioned a lieutenant in the Norfolk Yeomanry. Made a captain in the General Reserve of Officers on 4 June 1911, he surrendered his commission in the General Reserve on 10 July 1912 to return to the Scots Guards as a captain. He would serve with the Guards for the duration of the First World War. On 1 May 1917 he was appointed an aide-de-camp.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Coke was also a Knight of the Order of St. John, and a Justice of the Peace for Norfolk. He was a talented violinist. He succeeded his father as Earl of Leicester in 1941 and was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk in 1944. He died in 1949 and was succeeded by his elder son Thomas.

paragraph: A recording that his daughter, Lady Silvia, made recounting the history of Holkham Hall was made at the age of 90, and is a British Library exemplar of the conservative received pronunciation accent of English.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Leicester was married on 2 December 1905 to Marion Gertrude Trefusis, daughter of Colonel Hon Walter Trefusis and Lady Mary Montagu-Douglas-Scott. Lady Mary was the daughter of Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch. They had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon Angela Mary Coke (born 6 November 1906, died December 1906)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Major Thomas William Edward Coke, 5th Earl of Leicester (born 16 May 1908, died 3 September 1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Silvia Beatrice Coke (born 19 October 1909, died October 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon David Arthur Coke, DFC (born 4 December 1915, killed in action 9 December 1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Katharine Mary Coke (7 March 1920 – 6 October 1993)

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- - Knight of Justice of the Order of St John (K.StJ).

paragraph: BULLET::::- - Queen's South Africa Medal.

paragraph: BULLET::::- - 1914–15 Star.

paragraph: BULLET::::- - British War Medal.

paragraph: BULLET::::- - WWI Victory Medal.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deputy lieutenant (DL) of Norfolk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk (1944-1949).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justice of the Peace (JP) for Norfolk.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Sylvia recalls her childhood at Holkham House

description: British noble

wikidata_label: Thomas Coke, 4th Earl of Leicester

wikipedia_title: Thomas Coke, 4th Earl of Leicester


text: Saxe-Wittenberg

text: Celle

text: House of Ascania

text: prince-elector

text: Prince of Lüneburg

text: Rudolf I

text: Rudolf II

text: Wenceslas IV of Bohemia

text: Charles IV

text: Altmark

text: Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg

text: Brunswick and Lüneburg

text: Lüneburg War of Succession

text: Winsen an der Aller

text: Brabant

text: Imperial Sword

text: Anhalt

text: Magdeburg

text: Meißen

text: Celle

text: Francis of Carrara

text: Rudolf III

text: Anna

text: Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

text: Albert III

text: Bernhard of Brunswick-Lüneburg

categories: Princes of Lüneburg,Electors of Saxony,House of Ascania,1388 deaths,Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg

paragraph: Wenceslaus I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg

paragraph: Wenceslas I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg ( – 15 May 1388 in Celle) from the House of Ascania ruled from 1370 to 1388 and was a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire as well as Prince of Lüneburg. He was the son of Rudolf I and his 3rd wife, Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1370 Wenceslas succeeded his brother Rudolf II. In 1376 he took part, as a prince-elector, in the election of Wenceslas IV of Bohemia as King of Germany and in 1377 stood by Emperor Charles IV in the Altmark. He was frequently active in the affairs of the empire on the side of the emperor. Charles IV granted Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg and his uncle Wenceslas I - and their house - the underlying entitlement to Brunswick and Lüneburg, but the two of them were unsuccessful in claiming this right through the Lüneburg War of Succession. In 1388 Wenceslas finally lost his claim at the battle of Winsen an der Aller.

paragraph: He was in conflict with the Duke of Brabant over the right to carry the Imperial Sword ahead of the emperor.

paragraph: He made state peace treaties with Anhalt, Magdeburg and Meißen.

paragraph: During the siege of Celle Wenceslas died suddenly of a serious illness. Even his contemporaries suspected that he had been administered poison and that that was the cause of death. According to other traditional accounts, he died on 18 August 1402 which has however caused confusion over his grave.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: On 23 January 1376 Wenceslas married "Cecilia of Carrara" (d. 1435), daughter of Francis of Carrara (born 29 September 1325 in Padua – died 6 October 1393 in Monza), Count of Padua.

paragraph: They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wenceslas (died 1402)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erich (died as child)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna (died 1426) who married Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert III (died 1422) Elector of Saxony

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margaret of Saxony who married Bernhard of Brunswick-Lüneburg

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lorenz Friedrich Beck: "Herrschaft and Territorium des Herzöge of Saxe-Wittenberg (1212–1422)". Potsdam, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Kühne: "Die Askanier". Drei Kastanien Verlag, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Georg Hirschfeld: "Geschichte der Sächsisch-Askanischen Prince-Electoren". Julius Sittenfeld, Berlin 1884.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/Wenceslas Prince-Elector of Saxe-Wittenberg

description: Elector of Saxony, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg and Prince of Lüneburg

wikidata_label: Wenceslas I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg

wikipedia_title: Wenceslaus I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg


text:
Spanish
professional golfer
golf
The Open Championship
U.S. Open
Spanish Open
Ernest Jones
Puerta de Hierro
Arnaud Massy
Real Club de la Puerta de Hierro
U.S. Open
Spanish Civil War
Pasadena
Eddie Loos
Glencoe, Illinois
Glenview Naval Air Station
Glenview, Illinois
Manuel de la Torre
Spanish Open
Spanish Open
Spanish Open
Spanish Open
Spanish Open
Spanish PGA

categories: 1896 births,Andalusian sportspeople,American male golfers,Spanish emigrants to the United States,Spanish male golfers,Golfers from Illinois,People from the Province of Córdoba (Spain),People from Glencoe, Illinois

paragraph: Ángel de la Torre

paragraph: Ángel de la Torre (30 November 1896 – 28 August 1983) was a Spanish professional golfer and golf instructor. In 1916, he became the first Spanish golfer to turn professional, and in 1920, he was the first Spaniard to compete in The Open Championship, and finished tied for 16th. He was also the first Spanish golfer to complete the U.S. Open in the United States. Perhaps most significant among his competitive accomplishments were his five victories in the Spanish Open between 1916 and 1925 – a record that still stands.

paragraph: Playing in international events, he made the acquaintance of Ernest Jones, who had a major impact on the principles used in de la Torre's teaching. Having taught himself French and English, de la Torre was able to teach in three languages.

paragraph: Section::::Introduction to golf.

paragraph: Born in Priego de Cordoba, Spain, his uncle, Pedro de la Torre, was the greenskeeper at Club de las Cuarenta Fanegas, which was the first golf course in Spain. His father, Ricardo de la Torre y Torres, worked on the grounds. At the age of 8, Angel began his golf journey as a caddie under the professional Lucien, at the Club de las Cuarenta Fanegas. In 1910, at age 13, the caddie tournament was his first victory.

paragraph: Section::::Career as golf professional.

paragraph: In the summer of 1913 the Conde de la Cimera (a principal in developing Puerta de Hierro) sent Angel to St. Jean de Luz in southern France to be assistant to 1907 Open Champion Arnaud Massy at the Le Nivelle Golf Club. While de la Torre was there, Massy was called for military service; and the Golf Committee gave Angel the job of head professional. He was 17 years old.

paragraph: Returning to Madrid in 1914, he accepted the position of golf professional at the Real Club de la Puerta de Hierro in Madrid. He subsequently set the course record of 65. It was above the pro shop that his wife Juana gave birth to their two sons Luis and Manuel. In 1920 the Conde de la Cimera sponsored Angel so he could play tournaments in France, Belgium and England. This sponsorship continued until 1925.

paragraph: In 1925, he agreed to travel to the United States to play in the U.S. Open. In 1927, upon the recommendations of Captain Allison (a premier architect who he had met in England), he was offered and accepted the position of golf professional at the outstanding new course called Timber Point Country Club in Great River Long Island, New York. His family joined him there. From November through March, he would teach at Passatiempo where he set the course record in 1931. He would continue in these capacities until 1932. When the U.S. Depression set in, he was offered the golf professional position at the new Club de Campo in Madrid Spain where the family remained until 1936, just prior to the war.

paragraph: In May 1936 he traveled to London to take delivery on a set of golf clubs that he had designed. From London, he telephoned his wife and advised that he would travel to the United States to visit his long-time friend Ernest Jones. Subsequently, Jones offered him the position of teaching professional at the Women's National Golf and Tennis club on Long Island, New York. Shortly thereafter the Spanish Civil War broke out. Now being employed in the United States, immigration laws of the time enabled Angel to send for the rest of his family. Leaving everything behind but what they could carry, Angel's wife Juana and sons Manuel and Luis, left via Barcelona, Spain, en route to Paris France. They were reunited with Angel in New York City in October 1936.

paragraph: In December 1936, he was in California where he became a golf instructor at Brookside Municipal Golf Course in Pasadena. Through an introduction from Bill Hickey (golf professional at Brookside), he met Eddie Loos who then offered de la Torre a position as assistant professional at Lake Shore Country Club in Glencoe, Illinois. De la Torre subsequently became the head professional at that club and served in that capacity for 37 years. Thereafter, he would continue teaching. He would teach at Tamarisk Country Club in Palm Springs in the winter months and at Glenview Naval Air Station in Glenview, Illinois, in the summer. Over the duration of his career, Angel had 13 holes-in-one.

paragraph: Section::::De la Torre's sons.

paragraph: De la Torre's son, Manuel de la Torre, followed in his father's footsteps becoming a golf professional. Manuel established an extensive playing record and has become world-famous as a golf instructor. Angel's other son Luis became a professor at the University of Chicago and pursued a career in photography.

paragraph: Section::::Tournament wins (6).

paragraph: "Note: This list may be incomplete."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1916 Spanish Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917 Spanish Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1919 Spanish Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1923 Spanish Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 Spanish Open

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1935 Spanish PGA

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

description: Professional golfer, golf instructor

wikidata_label: Angel de la Torre

wikipedia_title: Ángel de la Torre


text: Christian

text: seven founder saints of Brittany

text: Pol Aurelian

text: Tugdual or Tudwal

text: Brieuc

text: Malo

text: Patern (Paternus)

text: Corentin

text: Wales

text: Dol-de-Bretagne

text: Demetia

text: Gwent

text: Meurig ap Tewdrig

text: Saint Magloire

text: Illtud

text: abbot

text: Llantwit Fawr

text: the island monastery of Caldey

text: Dyfed

text: Pembrokeshire

text: Wales

text: abbot

text: Saint Pyr

text: cenobitic

text: eremitic

text: Ireland

text: bishop

text: Dubricius

text: Chair of Saint Peter

text: Lent

text: Iolo Morganwg

text: Cornwall

text: South Hill

text: Golant

text: Scilly Isles

text: Samson

text: Guernsey

text: Patron Saint

text: Brittany

text: Conomor

text: Merovingian

text: Childebert I

text: Paris

text: Athelstan

text: crozier

text: Milton Abbas

text: Roman Martyrology

text: Domnonia

text: Roman Catholic

text: Julian Maunoir

text: St Sampson's Church, Cricklade

text: St Sampson's Church, Golant

text: Saint Sampson, Guernsey

text: Doble, G. H.

text: "St. Sampson, Bishop and Confessor"

categories: Channel Islands saints,Bishops of Dol,Breton bishops,6th-century bishops,People from Pembrokeshire,Medieval Welsh saints,Medieval Breton saints,5th-century births,6th-century deaths

paragraph: Samson of Dol

paragraph: Saint Samson of Dol (also Samsun; born late 5th century) was a Christian religious figure, who is counted among the seven founder saints of Brittany with Pol Aurelian, Tugdual or Tudwal, Brieuc, Malo, Patern (Paternus) and Corentin. Born in southern Wales, he died in Dol-de-Bretagne, a small town in north Brittany.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The primary source for his biography is the "Vita Sancti Samsonis", written sometime between 610 and 820 and clearly based on earlier materials. It gives useful details of contacts between churchmen in Britain, Ireland and Brittany.

paragraph: Samson was the son of Amon of Demetia and Anna of Gwent, daughter of Meurig ap Tewdrig, King of Glamorgan and Gwent. His father's brother married his mother's sister so that their son Saint Magloire was Samson's cousin twice over. Due to a prophecy concerning his birth his parents placed him under the care of Saint Illtud, abbot of Llantwit Fawr, where he was raised and educated.

paragraph: Samson later sought a greater austerity than his school provided, and so moved to Llantwit's daughter house, the island monastery of Caldey off the coast of Dyfed (Pembrokeshire), Wales, where he became abbot after the death of Saint Pyr. Samson abstained from alcohol – unlike Pyr, who was killed when he fell down a well while drunk. As a cenobitic and later an eremitic monk, he travelled from Caldey to Ireland, where he is said to have founded or revived a monastery.

paragraph: There is one fairly certain date recorded of Samson's life; that he was ordained bishop by Bishop Dubricius on the Feast of the Chair of Saint Peter (22 February) at the beginning of Lent, which can be calculated to have fallen in the year 521. If, as is usual, he was 35 years old at the time then he would have been born in 486.

paragraph: Iolo Morganwg was responsible for the re-discovery of the Samson Pillar at St Illtud's Church, Llantwit, in about 1789, but his suggestion that it was erected by Saint Samson himself was discredited by later historians with access to more reliable written sources. However, in the 20th century, genealogical studies threw further light on the subject, and the pillar is now considered by many to be "one of the oldest inscribed Christian monuments in Britain".

paragraph: Later he travelled to Cornwall (where he founded a community in either South Hill or Golant), then the Scilly Isles (where the island of Samson is named after him), Guernsey where he is the Patron Saint and Brittany, where he founded the monastery of Dol. He organised the excommunication of King Conomor and successfully petitioned the Merovingian king Childebert I on behalf of Judael, Conomor's estranged son (c. 540-60). He is recorded as having attended a council in Paris sometime between 556 and 573, by which time he would have been old. He was buried with his cousin Magloire in the cathedral of Dol.

paragraph: The Anglo-Saxon King Athelstan (r. 924–939) obtained several relics of Samson, including an arm and a crozier, which he deposited at his monastery at Milton Abbas in Dorset.

paragraph: Section::::Roman Martyrology.

paragraph: In the 2004 edition of the Roman Martyrology, Samson is listed under 28 July with the Latin name "Samsónis". He is mentioned as follows: 'At Dol in Brittany (died) Samson, abbot and bishop, who having learned the Gospel and monastic discipline in Wales from Illtud, spread these in Domnonia.' He does not appear in the current Roman Catholic liturgical calendar of saints celebrated annually in Wales.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blessed Julian Maunoir, "Apostle of Brittany"

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Sampson's Church, Cricklade

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Sampson's Church, Golant

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Sampson, Guernsey

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doble, G. H. (1970) "The Saints of Cornwall": part 5. Truro: Dean and Chapter; pp. 80–103

paragraph: BULLET::::- Journey to Avalon: The Final Discovery of King Arthur By Chris Barber, David Pykitt pp 119 St Samson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jones, Alison (1994) "The Wordsworth Dictionary of Saints", p. 202

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Taylor "The life of St Samson of Dol" (Kessinger Publishing, LLC (July 25, 2007)): CNRS

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marilyn Dunn "The emergence of monasticism: from the Desert Fathers to the early Middle Ages", (Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2003): CNRS )

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "St. Sampson, Bishop and Confessor", "Butler's Lives of the Saints"

paragraph: BULLET::::- A version of Taylor's English translation of the Vita Sancti Samsonis, with emendations based on a recent edition

description: Welsh saint who settled down in Brittany (c. 485 — c. 565)

wikidata_label: Samson of Dol

wikipedia_title: Samson of Dol