text:
Shah of Persia
Abbas I
Safavid
Shah
Iran
Ismail II
Shah Tahmasp I
Turcoman
Ismail I
Safavid Dynasty
Ismail II
Safavid era
Ottoman Empire
Tabriz
Shah Abbas I
Pari Khan Khanum
Khayr al-Nisa Begum
litter
Abbas Mirza
Uzbek
Ottomans
Murad III
Lala Mustafa Pasha
Georgia
Shirvan
Caspian Sea
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Crimean Tatars
Adil Giray Khan
Qazvin
Osman Pasha
Ferhat Pasha
Tabriz
Khorasan
Iskandar Beg Munshi

categories: 1590s deaths,16th-century Iranian people,Royalty and nobility with disabilities,Safavid monarchs,Monarchs of Persia,16th-century monarchs in the Middle East,1532 births,Safavid dynasty

paragraph: Mohammad Khodabanda

paragraph: Mohammad Khodābandeh or Khudābanda, also known as Mohammad Shah or Sultan Mohammad (, born 1532; died 1595 or 1596), was Shah of Persia from 1578 until his overthrow in 1587 by his son Abbas I. He was the fourth Safavid Shah of Iran and succeeded his brother, Ismail II. Khodabanda was the son of Shah Tahmasp I by a Turcoman mother, Sultanum Begum Mawsillu, and grandson of Ismail I, founder of the Safavid Dynasty.

paragraph: After the death of his father in 1576 Mohammad was passed over in favour of his younger brother Ismail II. Mohammad suffered from an eye affliction that rendered him nearly blind, and so in accordance with Persian Royal culture could not contend for the throne. However, following Ismail II's short and bloody reign Mohammad emerged as the only heir, and so with the backing of the Qizilbash tribes became Shah in 1578.

paragraph: Mohammad's reign was marked by a continued weakness of the crown and tribal infighting as part of the second civil war of the Safavid era. An important figure in the early years of Mohammad's reign was his wife Khayr Al-Nisa Begum, who helped secure her husband's reign. However her efforts to consolidate central power brought about opposition from the powerful Qizilbash tribes, who had her murdered in 1579. Mohammad has been described as "a man of refined tastes but weak character". As a result, Mohammad's reign was characterised by factionalism, with major tribes aligning themselves with Mohammad's sons and future heirs. This internal chaos allowed foreign powers, especially the rivalling and neighboring Ottoman Empire, to make territorial gains, including the conquest of the old capital of Tabriz in 1585. Mohammad was finally overthrown in a coup in favour of his son Shah Abbas I.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born Sultan-Muhammad Mirza in Tabriz, Muhammad was named titular governor of Herat at the age of four, shortly after the city was recovered from the Uzbeks in 1537. The real power was his "lala" (tutor-mentor), the Qizilbash amir Muhammad Sharaf al-Din Oghli Takkalu, who was responsible for the massive public works in the 1540s which brought irrigations complexes, gardens, shrines and other public buildings to Herat. These efforts met with the approbation of Shah Tahmasp, and attracted to the city poets, illustrators and calligraphers, with whom Muhammad became acquainted.

paragraph: Muhammad was named governor of Shiraz in 1572. He had acquired a reputation as a poet in Herat, one "noted for his education and cognative acuity," according to Sam Mirza, a contemporary biographer of poets. Muhammad brought a retinue of artists and pets with him to Shiraz, a city that had been a center of philosophic inquiry since the late fifteenth century and more recently as a venue for widely regarded manuscription illumination. Muhammad was at Shiraz when his brother, the shah, died.

paragraph: Section::::Initial power struggle.

paragraph: On 25 November 1577, Mohammad Khodabanda's younger brother Ismail II died abruptly and without any initial signs of bad health. The court doctors, who checked the corpse, surmised that he may have died from poison. The general agreement was that his half-sister Pari Khan Khanum had resolved to have poisoned with the help of the mistresses of the inner harem in retaliation for his bad behaviour towards her. With Ismail II out of the way, Pari Khan Khanum regained her authority and control. Every state grandee, clan chieftains, officers and officials carried out the orders delivered by her deputies and served according to her word.

paragraph: In order to clear up the succession crisis, the Qizilbash chieftains agreed to appoint the future shah after a conference with each other and then notify Pari Khan Khanum of their settled choice. At first, they discussed the resolution that Shoja al-Din Mohammad Safavi, the eight-month-old infant son of Ismail II, should be crowned as shah while in reality state affairs would be taken care of by Pari Khan Khanum. This suggestion, however, did not get the green light of most of the assembly since it would have swayed the balance of power among many Qizilbash clans. Ultimately the assembly agreed to appoint Mohammad Khodabanda as shah.

paragraph: The appointment of Mohammad Khodabanda was supported and approved by Pari Khan Khanum, due to him being a man of old age, almost blind, and pleasure-seeking. Thus he was the appropriate successor, so Pari Khan Khanum could take advantage of his weakness and rule herself. She made an agreement with the Qizilbash chieftains that Mohammad Khodabanda would remain shah in name, whilst her and her envoys would continue controlling the interests of the state.

paragraph: When Mohammad Khodabanda was crowned shah, the Safavid aristocracy, officers, and provincial governors wanted approval from Pari Khan Khanum to give him a congratulating visit. Pari Khan Khanum's sphere of influence and authority was so dimensional that no one had the courage to visit Shiraz without her unambiguous approval. From the day Mohammad Khobanda was appointed shah, his wife Khayr al-Nisa Begum, who was better known by her title of Mahd-e Olya, took control of his affairs. She was knowledgeable of her husband's deficiency and to atone for his lack of uprightness and quality she resolved to try to become the practical ruler of the Safavid state.

paragraph: Mohammad Khodabanda and Mahd-e Olya entered the environs of Qazvin on 12 February 1578. This brought an end to the indisputable rule that Pari Khan Khanum had enjoyed for two months and 20 days. Although she was still the practical ruler of the state, she would now meet opposition from Mahd-e Olya and her allies. When they reached the city, Pari Khan Khanum showed up to gladly receive them with great grandeur and parade, sitting in a golden-spun litter, whilst being guarded by 4,000–5,000 private guards, inner-harem personal assistants and court attendants. However, Pari Khan Khanum was eventually strangled the same day by Khalil Khan Afshar under the orders of Madh-e Olya.

paragraph: Mahd-e Olya now took personal control of Iran and began to promote the career of her elder son, Hamza Mirza (she cared little for her younger son Abbas Mirza). But she antagonised the Qizilbash who eventually asked the shah to remove her from power. When she refused to concede to their demands, a group of Qizilbash conspirators burst into the harem and strangled her on 26 July 1579.

paragraph: Section::::Conflict over succession.

paragraph: The Qizilbash factions increasingly came to dominate Iran. In 1583 they forced the shah to hand over his vizier, Mirza Salman, for execution. The young Hamza Mirza took over the reins of state but on 6 December 1586 he too was murdered in mysterious circumstances.

paragraph: Section::::Foreign threats.

paragraph: Foreign powers took advantage of the factional discord in Iran court to seize territory for themselves. Uzbek bands attempted to invade north-east Iran before being repulsed by the governor of Mashhad. The most important event of Mohammad’s reign was the war with the Ottomans. In 1578, the Ottoman sultan Murad III began a war with Safavid Iran which was to last until 1590. In the first attack, the sultan's vizier Lala Mustafa Pasha invaded the Safavid territories comprising Georgia and Shirvan. Shirvan fell before the end of the summer of 1578, by which fact the Ottomans had now control of almost all territories west of the Caspian Sea coast, and it also opened the way for an attack on what is nowadays the core of Armenia and Azerbaijan, which were subsequently attacked in 1579 by a large contingent of Crimean Tatars, led by Adil Giray Khan, but he was captured in a remarkable counterattack led by Mirza Salman Jabiri and Hamza Mirza, and later executed in Qazvin, the Safavid capital at that time. Another Ottoman army under the leadership of Osman Pasha and Ferhat Pasha crossed into Iran and captured Tabriz in 1585. Sultan Mohammad sent Hamza Mirza to fight the Ottomans but the young prince was murdered during this campaign and the city remained in Ottoman hands for 20 years.

paragraph: Section::::End of reign.

paragraph: When the Uzbeks launched a large-scale invasion of Khorasan, the leader of the Ustalju Qizilbash faction in the province, Murshid Quli Khan, decided the time was right to overthrow the shah and replace him with Mohammad's son Abbas Mirza, who was Murshid's ward. Murshid and Abbas rode to Qazvin where the prince was proclaimed the new ruler of Iran in October 1587. Mohammad made no attempt to challenge the coup and accepted his dethronement.

paragraph: Section::::Final years.

paragraph: He lived in the capital for a time but was then apparently banished to the prison of Alamut, although Iskandar Beg Munshi records him dying in Qazvin some time between 21 July 1595 and 10 July 1596.

paragraph: Section::::Art and culture.

paragraph: Mohammad was also a poet who wrote verse under the pen name "Fahmi".

description: Shah of Persia

wikidata_label: Mohammed Khodabanda

wikipedia_title: Mohammad Khodabanda


text: Paris

text: Bourdeilles

text: Dordogne

text: Tatar

text: Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

text: Sorbonne

text: Liège

text: Amiens

text: Algerian War

text: Hachette

text: Bibliothèque verte

text: Graham Greene

text: Alexandre de Marenches

text: SDECE

text: disinformation

text: Berlin Wall

text: Slavic

text: Vladimir Putin

text: Grand Prix Jean Giono

text: Légion d'honneur

categories: 20th-century French novelists,20th-century French essayists,Writers from Paris,French military personnel of the Algerian War,21st-century French essayists,French biographers,2005 deaths,French male novelists,1932 births,French children's writers,French science fiction writers,French anti-communists,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur,21st-century French dramatists and playwrights,21st-century French novelists,Grand Prix du Roman winners,Grand prix Jean Giono recipients,French people of Russian descent,20th-century French dramatists and playwrights

paragraph: Vladimir Volkoff

paragraph: Vladimir Volkoff (7 November 1932 in Paris – 14 September 2005 in Bourdeilles, Dordogne), was a French writer of Russian extraction. He produced both literary works for adults and spy novels for young readers under the pseudonym Lieutenant X. His works are characterised by themes of the Cold War, intelligence and manipulation, but also by metaphysical and spiritual elements.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Of Russian descent with Tatar roots on his paternal side, Volkoff was the son of a Russian émigré who earned his living in France washing cars. Vladimir grew up with his family's memories of the lost motherland and loyalty to their new homeland. He was a great grandnephew of the composer Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

paragraph: After studying at the Sorbonne in Paris and the university of Liège, Volkoff taught English at Amiens from 1955-57. He served as an intelligence officer in the French army during the Algerian War, where he learnt how war is fought as much in the shadows and the embassies as in the open air of the battlefield.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:America.

paragraph: After his demobilisation, Volkoff travelled to the United States to teach French and Russian literature. He worked as a translator (1963–65), and a professor of French and Russian from 1966-77. Fascinated by the powerful country teeming with contradictions, he remained there for almost three decades, returning to France in 1992. Among his "American" works are "L'Agent triple" (1962), "Métro pour l'enfer" (1963), "Les Mousquetaires de la République" (1964) and "Vers une métrique française" (1977).

paragraph: Throughout the 1970s under his pseudonym Lieutenant X, Volkoff published stories for teenagers in the "Langelot" series of Hachette's Bibliothèque verte imprint, featuring the adventures of the eponymous hero, a young French secret agent. In these works Volkoff showed his taste for romantic intrigues and plot twists, and his profound understanding of the balance of forces prevailing in the world.

paragraph: In the later 1970s, with the standoff between East and West a constant reality, Volkoff's writings analyzed the ideological combat between two opposing conceptions of the world and of freedom with a solid geopolitical background.

paragraph: An avid competitive fencer, Volkoff was a valued member of the Georgia Division of the AFLA and the Atlanta (and later, Macon) fencing community during his time in America. He claimed to have begun learning to fence in a stint in the Foreign Legion. His book "The Traitor," translated from the French by J.F. Bernard and published by Doubleday and Company was written ??and?? published during his time in Atlanta (1973); it was published under another pseudonym, Lavr Divomlikoff (a reshuffling of the letters of his name).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Return to Europe.

paragraph: Volkoff's 1979 novel "Le retournement" ("The Turnaround") earned him international acclaim and was translated into a dozen languages. Dedicated to Graham Greene, whom Volkoff greatly admired, the novel's title refers to the intelligence manoeuvre of turning an uncovered enemy agent to one's own side. The book tells a story of espionage in which the American, French and Soviet intelligence services do battle, but also of a spiritual overturning which, unknown to these secret services, almost makes a martyr of the main character.

paragraph: In 1980 Volkoff published "Les humeurs de la mer", a vast contemporary fresco in four volumes: "Olduvaï", "La leçon d'anatomie" ("The Anatomy Lesson"), "Intersection" and "Les maîtres du temps" ("Masters of Time"). With "Le montage" ("The Set Up"; winner of the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française, 1982) Volkoff illustrated the methods and networks of tricks and traps of Soviet "disinformation" in Europe; the idea of this novel could have come from Alexandre de Marenches, director of the SDECE, who may have provided the factual basis for its plot.

paragraph: In 1985, inspired by his American experience, he published "Le professeur d'histoire" ("The History Teacher"), in which he portrayed a comic confrontation between a literary man filled with tradition and a young heiress surfing the wave of modernism.

paragraph: Power, manipulation, battles of influence and disinformation take a central role in many of his books, such as "L'Interrogatoire" (1988) and "Les Hommes du Tsar" (1989), a historical novel about Russia from the death of Ivan the Terrible to the advent of the Romanovs.

paragraph: In the 1990s Volkoff published "Le Bouclage" (1990), a novel about the insecurity of large cities, and "La Trinité du Mal ou réquisitoire pour servir au procès posthume de Lénine, Trotski et Staline" ("The Trinity of Evil, or an indictment for the posthumous trial of Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin") (1991).

paragraph: The fall of the Berlin Wall opened Volkoff's work to all kinds of disinformation and manipulation campaigns, not just those of communist regimes. Volkoff established a place for the term "désinformation" in the French language with his books "La Désinformation Arme de guerre" (republished in 2004 by Les éditions L'Age d'Homme), "La Crevasse" (1996), "Petite histoire de la désinformation" ("A short history of disinformation") (1999), "Désinformation flagrant délit" (1999), "L'Enlèvement" (2000) and "Manuel du politiquement correct" ("Handbook of the Politically Correct") (2001).

paragraph: In the 2000s he returned to his Slavic roots, publishing several texts on Russian history and orthodoxy, and publicly declared his support for Vladimir Putin's policies.

paragraph: In addition, Volkoff wrote historical biographies such as "Vladimir", "Le Soleil Rouge" ("The Red Sun") and "Tchaikovsky", and also wrote for the theatre. He was awarded the Grand Prix Jean Giono for his work in 1995 and in the same year was made a "Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Family.

paragraph: Vladimir Volkoff is survived by his widow, Carla Denise Volkoff.

description: French writer

wikidata_label: Vladimir Volkoff

wikipedia_title: Vladimir Volkoff


text: American football

text: linebacker

text: Michigan Wolverines football

text: weakside linebacker

text: safety

text: Venice High School

text: Big Ten Conference

text: tackles

text: weakside linebacker

text: 2009 team

text: 2010 team

text: Butkus Award

text: 2010 All-Big Ten Conference

text: U.S. Army All-American Bowl

text: defensive back

text: Los Angeles Times

text: Rivals.com

text: Scout.com

text: ESPN

text: Notre Dame

text: Capital One Bowl

text: Florida

text: kickoff return

text: Miami (OH)

text: quarterback sack

text: Wisconsin

text: Penn State

text: Northwestern

text: Michigan – Notre Dame rivalry

text: Notre Dame

text: Indiana

text: Ohio State

text: interception

text: Butkus Award

text: tackles

text: Notre Dame

text: Illinois

text: Penn State

text: Purdue

text: Wisconsin

text: 2010 Big Ten Conference football season

text: Roger Zatkoff

text: NFL Scouting Combine

text: Standing long jump

text: 3 cone drill

text: 20-yard shuttle

text: San Diego Chargers

text: 2011 NFL Draft

text: Antonio Cromartie

text: New York Jets

text: 2011 NFL season

text: injured reserve

text: Cincinnati

text: Mouton

text: CBS Sports

text: Mouton

text: ESPN.com

text: Mouton

text: NCAA

categories: San Diego Chargers players,Michigan Wolverines football players,1988 births,American football linebackers,Sportspeople from Los Angeles,Living people

paragraph: Jonas Mouton

paragraph: Jonas Mouton (born March 17, 1988) is a former American football linebacker. He played his college football for the Michigan Wolverines football team. He started at weakside linebacker and was previously a highly rated safety for Venice High School.

paragraph: He led the Big Ten Conference in tackles for the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. He was the starting weakside linebacker for the 2008, 2009 team and 2010 teams. Mouton was named on the preseason watch list for the 2010 Butkus Award for linebackers and was a postseason 2010 All-Big Ten Conference second team selection by the media. In high school, he played safety in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::High school.

paragraph: Mouton played as a defensive back at Venice High School. In September 2005, the "Los Angeles Times" ran a feature story about his accomplishments at Venice. The "Times" story opened as follows:"The hardest-working player on the Venice High football team is Jonas Mouton, and he has ability to match. A 6-foot-2, 215-pound senior defensive back with linebacker-like hitting skills, a quarterback's awareness of the field and the shifty quickness of a running back, Mouton could rely on natural abilities and coast through high school. But he out-hustled, out-ran and out-lifted just about everyone else during spring practice his sophomore year to earn a spot on varsity. He hasn't slowed since."

paragraph: The major high school rating reports evaluated him as a safety. Rivals.com listed him as the third best safety in the class of 2006, the seventh best California football player and the 45th best player in the nation. Scout.com ranked him as the sixth best safety. ESPN ranked him as the 14th best safety and 128th best high school football player in the 2006 class. He participated in the January 7, 2006 U.S. Army All-American Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: He redshirted in 2006 and made his career debut on September 15, 2007 against Notre Dame. On January 1, 2008, in the Capital One Bowl against Florida he had a 20-yard kickoff return.

paragraph: On September 6, 2008, he made his first career start against Miami (OH). On September 27, 2008, he had his first quarterback sack in an eight-tackle effort against Wisconsin. Mouton had his first ten-tackle game (eight solo and two assists) on October 18, 2008 against Penn State. On November 15, 2008 against Northwestern he set a new career high with eleven tackles (six solo and five assists). Over the course of the season, he started eleven of the twelve games at weakside linebacker. That season, he finished second on the Wolverines in tackles. However, following the season he was unavailable when 2009 spring practice began due to an injured shoulder.

paragraph: In the September 12, 2009 Michigan – Notre Dame rivalry game Mouton punched a Notre Dame player and was suspended. Twice in 2009 he had ten tackles (five solo and six assists on September 26, 2009 v. Indiana and two solo and nine assists on November 21, 2009 v. Ohio State). Both games matched his career-high tackles total and against Ohio State, he added an interception. He started at weakside linebacker in all eleven games that he played in.

paragraph: Mouton was one of fifty-one players named on the preseason watch list for the 2010 Butkus Award for linebackers. On September 11, 2010, Mouton set a career-high with thirteen tackles (6 solo and 7 assists) v. Notre Dame. In that game, he made an interception that led to a one-play thirty-one-yard Michigan touchdown drive. At the midpoint of Michigan's 12-game 2010 regular season schedule, he ranked second in the Big Ten Conference in tackles and tied for sixth in interceptions. He took over the lead in tackles after Michigan's eighth game. Then with a career-high fourteen tackles against Illinois in the ninth game of the season on November 6, he retained his first place rank in the conference and moved up from 32nd to 20th on the national list. Coupled with the 12 tackles on October 30 against Penn State, it was the first time he had back-to-back double digit tackle performances. Mouton was unavailable for the Purdue game on November 13 due to a chest injury. However, the following week against Wisconsin he resumed his streak of double digit tackle performances with thirteen. This moved him up to 17th in the nation in tackles. Mouton ended the 2010 Big Ten Conference football season as the leader in tackles. Following the Big Ten conference regular season he was a second team All-Conference selection by the media. He was named the 2010 winner of The Roger Zatkoff Award as the team's top linebacker.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Mouton was one of 32 linebackers invited to participate in the February 24 – March 1, 2011 NFL Scouting Combine. He ranked twelfth in the Standing long jump with a distance of . He ranked eleventh in the 3 cone drill with a time of 7.08. He ranked fourteenth in the 20-yard shuttle with a time of 4.34.

paragraph: Mouton was drafted by the San Diego Chargers with the 61st overall pick in the 2011 NFL Draft. The Chargers originally obtained the pick in a trade that sent Antonio Cromartie to the New York Jets. In week 3 of the 2011 NFL season, the Chargers put Mouton on injured reserve for the season. Mouton began the 2012 season inactive. He made his NFL debut on December 2 against the Cincinnati.

paragraph: On July 26, 2013, Mouton suffered a torn ACL during training camp. As a result, Mouton was eliminated for the entire 2013 season.

paragraph: On July 23, 2014, Mouton was waived.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- archived version of Official bio at Michigan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mouton at CBS Sports

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mouton at ESPN.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mouton at NCAA

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Jonas Mouton

wikipedia_title: Jonas Mouton


text:
R.N.
hydrographer
Royal Navy
Arctic
Wollaston Land
Cornwall
Lostwithiel
Stoke Gabriel
Royal Naval College
Portsmouth
midshipman
Sal, Cape Verde
Orkney
Shetland
Ireland
North Sea
William Edward Parry
Northwest Passage
George Francis Lyon
John Franklin
Mackenzie River Delta
John Richardson
Wollaston Land
Fort Franklin
York Factory
Royal Geographical Society
pendulum
South Shetland Islands
Antarctic
Colonial Office
Fredericton
Southampton
Levon Kendall
Eleanor Anne Porden
Carisbrooke
Isle of Wight
Royal Geographical Society
Coppermine River
Palmer Archipelago

categories: 1845 deaths,1800 births,Cornish explorers,Royal Navy officers,British polar explorers,English hydrographers

paragraph: Edward Nicholas Kendall

paragraph: Edward Nicholas "Ned" Kendall, R.N. (October 1800 – 12 February 1845) was an English hydrographer, Royal Navy officer, and polar explorer. During one of his Arctic expeditions, Kendall discovered Wollaston Land.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: He was born in 1800, probably in England. His father was the naval captain Edward Kendall. The family were natives of Cornwall, descending from the Kendalls of Pelyn, near Lostwithiel, who for many generations past had been active in the politics of Cornwall and England. It has been remarked of this family, that they have perhaps sent more members to the British Senate than any other in the United Kingdom. His mother was Mary Champion Hicks (born ca. 1775). Mary's father was Admiral Thomas Hicks, of Maisonette, Stoke Gabriel, Devon.

paragraph: Kendall had three younger siblings: William Kendall, Mary Kendall, and Amelia Kendall.

paragraph: After receiving his education at the Royal Naval College in Portsmouth, he entered the Royal Navy in 1814.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Kendall's career began as a midshipman on board . While serving on that wrecked in 1819 on the Isle of Sal, Cape Verde, he sustained injuries. He served on other ships, usually as a surveyor, including the trigonometrical survey in Orkney, Shetland, the coast of Ireland, and in the North Sea. In 1824, he volunteered his services for William Edward Parry's third expedition to find the Northwest Passage, serving as assistant surveyor under George Francis Lyon aboard . From 1825 to 1827, Kendall served on another Arctic expedition, this time with John Franklin, exploring the Mackenzie River Delta as an assistant surveyor under the naturalist John Richardson. During this expedition, he discovered Wollaston Land, and traveled from Fort Franklin to York Factory. In 1827, he was commissioned lieutenant.

paragraph: The following year, at the recommendation of the Royal Geographical Society, Kendall traveled aboard during its scientific voyage, assisting in a pendulum experiments, and other research including the South Shetland Islands region of the Antarctic where again he conducted surveys. In 1830, he transferred to to survey of the West Africa, returning to England later that year. It was then that he became employed by the Secretary of State for the Colonial Office in a secret and confidential survey of the boundary line of the British and American states, in New Brunswick. After conducting other surveys in New Brunswick, he worked on compiling a map of it in 1831. Though there were requests for promotion thereafter, Kendall remained a lieutenant.

paragraph: Approximately two years later, Kendall became involved in the New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Land Company, becoming its commissioner at Fredericton. He returned to Britain by 1838. During his later years, he served first as superintendent of the West India Mail Steam Navigation Company, and second as superintendent of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Packet Company in Southampton.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He had four children by prior issue: Edward Kay Kendall, Franklin Richardson Kendall, Robert Sinclair Kendall, and Mary Anne Kendall. His descendants include Levon Kendall.

paragraph: In 1832, he married Franklin's niece. Mary Anne Kay was the daughter of Joseph Kay, a London architect. Her mother was Sarah Henrietta Porden, sister of Eleanor Anne Porden, Franklin's first wife.

paragraph: Kendall died in 1845 in Southampton, England, and was buried at Carisbrooke on the Isle of Wight.

paragraph: His papers are in the archives of the Royal Geographical Society in London.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Kendall Island in the Mackenzie Delta, and Cape Kendall in view of the Coppermine River, were named in honor of Kendall by Franklin. Kendall Rocks, the southwest group of rocks in the Palmer Archipelago, are also named after Kendall.

paragraph: Section::::Partial works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1842). "Remarks on steam communication between England and Australasia: As combined with a system of weekly communication between the colonies of Australasia."

description: British explorer and hydrographer

wikidata_label: Edward Nicholas Kendall

wikipedia_title: Edward Nicholas Kendall


text:
ice hockey
St. Louis Blues
National Hockey League
French
Cristobal Huet
Stéphane Da Costa
Antoine Roussel
Pierre-Édouard Bellemare
Yohann Auvitu
Boxers de Bordeaux
Ligue Magnus
St. Jean Beavers
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
Brûleurs de Loups
St. Louis Blues
Brett Hull
Germany
Switzerland
Adler Mannheim
France
Olympic Games
IIHF Hall of Fame
French national junior ice hockey team
alpine skier
Tim
Genève-Servette HC
National League
Montreal Canadiens
2012 NHL Entry Draft
Swiss League
Alain Bozon
French Ice Hockey Hall of Fame

categories: HC Lugano players,Peoria Rivermen (IHL) players,Adler Mannheim players,Brûleurs de loups players,Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics,Saint-Jean Castors players,Ice hockey players at the 1992 Winter Olympics,Undrafted National Hockey League players,French ice hockey players,HC La Chaux-de-Fonds players,Ice hockey players at the 1988 Winter Olympics,1966 births,Olympic ice hockey players of France,People from Chamonix,French expatriate sportspeople in the United States,International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame inductees,Living people,Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics,St. Louis Blues players,Genève-Servette HC players,French expatriate sportspeople in Canada,Chamonix HC players

paragraph: Philippe Bozon

paragraph: Philippe Bozon (born November 30, 1966) is a former French professional ice hockey player who played for the St. Louis Blues in the National Hockey League (NHL) between the 1991–92 and 1994-95 seasons. He is the first of only six French-born and trained players to appear in the NHL, the other five being Cristobal Huet, Stéphane Da Costa, Antoine Roussel, Pierre-Édouard Bellemare and Yohann Auvitu. He is currently the head coach for Boxers de Bordeaux of the Ligue Magnus.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Bozon began his career playing for the St. Jean Beavers in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League followed by four years competing in his native France. Playing for the Grenoble Brûleurs de Loups, he won the French championship in 1991. He was then recruited by the St. Louis Blues and was used as a defensive-minded forward and occasionally on the scoring line with Brett Hull. After his time with the Blues, Bozon played professionally in Germany and Switzerland. In Germany, his Adler Mannheim team won the league championship in 1997, 1998 and 1999.

paragraph: Section::::International play.

paragraph: In addition to his professional career, Bozon appeared internationally for France, for which he competed in four Olympic Games.

paragraph: Section::::Post-playing career.

paragraph: He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2008. On July 14, 2009, Bozon was named the head coach of the French national junior ice hockey team.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bozon is married to Hélène Barbier, who was an alpine skier. They have three children, sons Tim and Kevin, and daughter Allison. Both Tim and Kevin play professional hockey; Tim is with Genève-Servette HC of the National League and was selected by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft, while Kevin is currently with EHC Winterthur of the Swiss League. Bozon's father, Alain Bozon, was also a hockey player, and was elected into the French Ice Hockey Hall of Fame in 2012.

description: French ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Philippe Bozon

wikipedia_title: Philippe Bozon


text:
American
Blues
Gospel
Singer/Songwriter
Saginaw
Michigan
United States
Saginaw
Detroit Music Awards
Electro-Fi Records
Faith
Crosscut
Electro-Fi
Otis Clay
Sharrie Williams official website

categories: Gospel blues musicians,American blues singer-songwriters,American female singers,American blues singers,Soul-blues musicians,1965 births

paragraph: Sharrie Williams

paragraph: Sharrie Williams (born January 3, 1965) is an American Blues/Soul/Gospel Singer/Songwriter.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Sharrie Williams grew up in the Daniel Heights Projects of Saginaw, Michigan, United States. She began singing in the church choir at the age of six, and by the time she was 12 she had begun touring and recording with the Greater Williams Temple church choir. Under the choir directorship of Hubert J. Williams, Williams performed and recorded with Shirley Caesar, The Winans, Dr. Mattie Moss Clark, and the Reverend James Cleveland.

paragraph: In 1993, she toured with Snap Productions in a presentation of Michael Matthews’ gospel stage production, "I Need A Man".

paragraph: In 1996, she began singing with the house band at a club in Saginaw named Wise Guys. That house band quickly evolved into "Sharrie Williams & The Wiseguys", and she met and later married the owner of Wise Guys, Norman "Pops" Crawford in 1998.

paragraph: "Sharrie Williams & The Wiseguys" began appearing regularly at renowned Chicago Blues clubs The Kingston Mines and Buddy Guy’s Legends. 1998 saw "Sharrie Williams & The Wiseguys" on their way to Europe, starting with performances in Germany. Sharrie released her first CD in 2001 under her own Faith Records label, "Sharrie Williams Live at Wise Guys". The live recording caught the attention of the Detroit Music Awards Committee, which earned her a nomination for their Best Blues Album of the Year award. By the end of 2003, "Sharrie Williams & The Wiseguys" had successfully toured France, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Canada, and Great Britain.

paragraph: In April 2004, Williams released "Hard Drivin’ Woman" on the German label, Crosscut Records . Williams followed up with "Live at Bay-Car" (2007), recorded live at the festival in Grande Synthe, France also on the Crosscut label. Studio albums "I'm Here to Stay" (2007), and "Out of the Dark" (2011), were released on the Canadian Electro-Fi Records label. "Out of the Dark" went on to win Blues Album of the Year Award from Académie du Jazz.

paragraph: Williams was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the Soul Blues Female Artist of the Year category in 2012 and in 2009 and was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the Traditional Blues Female Artist of the Year category in 2008. JAZZed Magazine named Sharrie Williams the top World Artist for 2014.

paragraph: Williams has collaborated and appeared with Buddy Guy, Koko Taylor, Ruth Brown, Mavis Staples, Van Morrison, Dizzy Gillespie, Otis Clay, Larry McCray, Sugar Blue, Bobby Bland, Walter Trout, and Johnny Taylor. Her influences include Koko Taylor, Etta James, Tina Turner, Patti Labelle, Aretha Franklin, and Billie Holiday.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As Principal Artist.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 "Live at Wiseguys" (Faith)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 "Hard Drivin' Woman" (Crosscut)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "Live at Bay-Car Blues Festival" (Crosscut)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 "I'm Here To Stay" (Electro-Fi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 "Out of The Dark" (Electro-Fi)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 Otis Clay "In The House - Live at Lucerne Vol.7" (Crosscut)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sharrie Williams official website

description: American blues singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Sharrie Williams

wikipedia_title: Sharrie Williams


text:
Stirlingshire
Edinburgh
Incorporation of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Deacon or President
Edinburgh Royal Infirmary
University of Edinburgh
Alexander Monro
Percivall Pott
Castlehill
Royal Mile
Greyfriars Kirk
Robert Dallas
Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Marjorie Fleming
William Fettes

categories: Scottish surgeons,1716 births,1791 deaths,People from Edinburgh,Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

paragraph: James Rae (surgeon)

paragraph: James Rae (1716–1791) was a Scottish surgeon, known as the earliest lecturer on surgery in Edinburgh and with a particular reputation as a dental surgeon.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The only son of John Rae (1677–1754), a barber-surgeon with a background in Stirlingshire, he was born in Edinburgh. In 1741 he was apprenticed to the surgeon Robert Hope, on whose death he was apprenticed to George Lauder. After passing four examinations he became, on 27 August 1747, a Freeman (Fellow) of the Incorporation of Surgeons of Edinburgh. In 1764–5 he filled the office of Deacon or President.

paragraph: Rae was appointed surgeon-in-ordinary to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary on 7 July 1766. There he gave practical discourses on cases of importance. In October 1776 his fellow surgeons made a determined attempt to found a professorship of surgery in the University of Edinburgh, and to appoint Rae the first professor. They were defeated by Alexander Monro "secundus", who then managed persuade the authorities to convert his own chair of anatomy into one of anatomy and surgery, despite the fact that he had never been a practising surgeon.

paragraph: Rae did in Edinburgh what Percivall Pott did in London, in establishing the teaching of clinical surgery. In 1772 he asked the College of Surgeons to "recognise and support a course of lectures on the whole art of surgery..." The College readily agreed and recommended their apprentices to attend the course.

paragraph: From 1764 Rae had also gave lectures on diseases of the teeth. Boyes claims that this was the first course of lectures in dentistry to be given in Britain. He established a reputation as a dentist and was "among the first, (if not the first) in Edinburgh to rescue that department from the ignorant and unskilled hands in which it was then placed."

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He lived his final years at Castlehill, the upper section of the Royal Mile.

paragraph: He died in 1791, and was buried in the tomb of his forefathers in Greyfriars Kirk. His wife, Isabella Cant died the next year and was buried with him.

paragraph: The grave lies mid-way along the eastern boundary wall.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Rae married, in 1744, Isobel, daughter of Ludovic Cant of Thurstan. By her he had two sons and several daughters. The elder son William joined the Incorporation of Surgeons on 18 July 1777, settled in London, where he married Isabella, sister of Robert Dallas, and died young. John, the younger brother, was one of the first fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, where he was admitted on 14 March 1781. He became President in 1804–5, and, like his father, was known as a dentist. He died in 1808. Among Rae's daughters were: Elizabeth Keir, who founded the Institution for the Relief of Incurables; Elizabeth (Isabella), mother of Marjorie Fleming; and Margaret, mother of William Fettes.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Attribution

wikidata_label: James Rae

wikipedia_title: James Rae (surgeon)


href: London Leipzig

text: London Leipzig

categories: German male painters,English male painters,1812 births,19th-century English painters,German illustrators,English illustrators,19th-century male artists,19th-century German painters,German engravers,1902 deaths,English engravers

paragraph: Albert Henry Payne

paragraph: Albert Henry Payne (14 December 1812 in London – 7 May 1902 in Leipzig) was a steel engraver, painter and illustrator. He was English, but lived in Leipzig from 1839 onward.

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Albert Henry Payne

wikipedia_title: Albert Henry Payne


text: King of Bohemia

text: King of Hungary

text: Croatia

text: Casimir IV Jagiellon

text: George of Poděbrady

text: Hussite

text: Matthias Corvinus

text: Diet of Bohemia

text: Silesia

text: Lusatia

text: Crown of Bohemia

text: Peace of Olomouc

text: Estates of the realm

text: war between the two kings

text: Prague

text: Silesian duchies

text: illegitimate son

text: John Corvinus

text: Elizabeth of Habsburg

text: Diet of Hungary

text: Maximilian of Habsburg

text: John Albert

text: Buda

text: Black Army

text: Battle of Krbava Field

text: Casimir IV

text: King of Poland

text: Grand Duke of Lithuania

text: Elizabeth of Habsburg

text: Albert

text: King of the Romans

text: Hungary

text: Bohemia

text: Kraków

text: Ladislaus the Posthumous

text: Diet of Hungary

text: Matthias Corvinus

text: Hussite

text: George of Poděbrady

text: Jan Długosz

text: Pope Paul II

text: excommunicated

text: noblemen

text: heretic

text: Moravia

text: Olomouc

text: Holy Roman Emperor

text: Frederick III

text: Estates of the realm

text: Kutná Hora

text: Compacts of Basel

text: Holy See

text: Lorenzo Roverella

text: legislative assembly

text: Casimir

text: Upper Hungary

text: Pope Sixtus IV

text: Marco Barbo

text: Benešov

text: Imperial Diet

text: Nuremberg

text: Silesia

text: Wrocław

text: Barbara of Brandenburg

text: Duchy of Głogów

text: Silesia

text: Henry XI of Głogów

text: Silesian dukes

text: by proxy

text: Jan II

text: Duke of Żagań

text: Baldasare de Piscia

text: Prince-elector

text: Lands of the Bohemian Crown

text: ratified the peace treaty

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague

text: Jindřich

text: Hynek of Poděbrady

text: Nymburk

text: Žatec

text: Hradec Králové

text: Kutná Hora

text: Maximilian

text: King of the Romans

text: Pope Innocent VIII

text: illegitimate son

text: John Corvinus

text: Vienna

text: Lawrence Újlaki

text: Peter Váradi

text: Archbishop of Kalocsa

text: Peace Treaty of Wiener Neustadt

text: John Albert

text: Beatrice of Naples

text: Stephen Báthory

text: Paul Kinizsi

text: Buda

text: Pest

text: Danube River

text: Székesfehérvár

text: Košice

text: Esztergom

text: Szombathely

text: Veszprém

text: Stephen Zápolya

text: Peace of Pressburg

text: Prešov

text: John Filipec

text: Bishop of Várad

text: Thomas Bakócz

text: Alexander

text: Black Army

text: Sava River

text: Battle of Krbava Field

text: Neretva

text: Omiš

text: Bihać

text: Pope Alexander VI

text: Levoča

text: Moldavia

text: Sigismund Ernuszt

text: embezzlement

text: George Szatmári

text: Stephen III of Moldavia

text: ban of Croatia

text: Ottoman Empire

text: György Dózsa

text: Vladislav Hall

text: Prague Castle

text: Frankfurt/Oder

text: Barbara of Brandenburg

text: Silesian Piast

text: Henry XI of Głogów

text: Beatrice of Naples

text: Ferdinand I of Naples

text: Anne of Foix-Candale

text: crowned

text: Anne of Bohemia and Hungary

text: Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia

text: Ferdinand of Austria

text: Maximilian I

text: Battle of Mohács

text: cadet line

text: List of rulers of Bohemia

text: List of rulers of Hungary

categories: 1516 deaths,Kings of Croatia,15th-century monarchs in Europe,Medieval kings of Bohemia,Order of the Dragon,Burials at Székesfehérvár Cathedral,Jagiellonian dynasty,1456 births,16th-century monarchs in Europe,People from Kraków,Kings of Hungary

paragraph: Vladislaus II of Hungary

paragraph: Vladislaus II, also known as Vladislav II, Władysław II or Wladislas II (1 March 1456 – 13 March 1516; ; ; ; ; ), was King of Bohemia from 1471 to 1516, and King of Hungary and Croatia from 1490 to 1516. As the eldest son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, he was expected to inherit Poland and Lithuania. George of Poděbrady, the Hussite ruler of Bohemia, offered to make Vladislaus his heir in 1468. Poděbrady needed Casimir IV's support against the rebellious Catholic noblemen and their ally, Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary. The Diet of Bohemia elected Vladislaus king after Poděbrady's death, but he could only rule Bohemia proper, because Matthias (whom the Catholic nobles had elected king) occupied Moravia, Silesia and Lusatia. Vladislaus tried to reconquer the four provinces with his father's assistance, but Matthias repelled them.

paragraph: Vladislaus and Matthias divided the Crown of Bohemia in the Peace of Olomouc in 1479. The Estates of the realm had strengthened their position during the war between the two kings. Vladislaus's attempts to promote the Catholics caused a rebellion in Prague and other towns in 1483, forcing him to acknowledge the dominance of the Hussites in the municipal assemblies. The Diet confirmed the right of the Bohemian noblemen and commoners to freely adhere either to Hussitism or Catholicism in 1485. After Matthias Corvinus seized Silesian duchies to grant them to his illegitimate son, John Corvinus, Vladislaus made new alliances against him in the late 1480s.

paragraph: Vladislaus (whose mother, Elizabeth of Habsburg, was the sister of Matthias's predecessor) laid claim to Hungary after Matthias's death. The Diet of Hungary elected him king after his supporters defeated John Corvinus. The other two claimants, Maximilian of Habsburg and Vladislaus's brother, John Albert, invaded Hungary, but they could not assert their claim and made peace with Vladislaus in 1491. He settled in Buda, enabling the Estates of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and both Lusatias to take full charge of state administration. In Hungary, Vladislaus always approved the decisions of the Royal Council, hence his nickname "Dobzse László" (from Latin "rex Bene", in Czech "král Dobře", in Polish "król Dobrze", or "King Very Well"). Due to the concessions he had made before his election, the royal treasury could not finance a standing army and Matthias Corvinus's Black Army was dissolved after a rebellion, although the Ottomans made regular raids against the southern border. They even annexed territories in Croatia after annihilating the united army of the Croatian barons in the Battle of Krbava Field in 1493.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Vladislaus was the eldest son of Casimir IV, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and Elizabeth of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Albert, King of the Romans, Hungary and Bohemia. Vladislaus was born in Kraków on 1 March 1456. His mother and father laid claim to Hungary and Bohemia after her childless brother, Ladislaus the Posthumous, died on 23 November 1457. However, their claims were ignored in both Hungary and Bohemia. The Diet of Hungary elected Matthias Corvinus king on 24 January 1458. The Bohemian Estates of the realm proclaimed the Hussite George of Poděbrady king on 2 March.

paragraph: Vladislaus was his father's heir in Poland and Lithuania. Casimir IV wanted to prepare all his sons for ruling a realm and tasked renowned scholars with their education. The historian Jan Długosz was Vladislaus's tutor.

paragraph: Pope Paul II excommunicated George of Poděbrady in late 1466 and proclaimed a crusade against him. The Czech Catholic noblemen rose up against the "heretic" George of Poděbrady and sought assistance from Matthias Corvinus. Matthias declared war in March 1468 and invaded Moravia. On 16 May 1468, George of Poděbrady offered Casimir IV to make Vladislaus his heir if Casimir mediated a peace treaty between Bohemia and Hungary. Matthias refused Casimir's offer, but George of Poděbrady forced him to sign a truce in early 1469. Fearing of losing Matthias's support, the Catholic nobles proclaimed him king of Bohemia in Olomouc on 3 May. After George of Poděbrady repeated his offer of bequeathing Bohemia to Vladislaus, Casimir IV entered into negotiations with the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick III on George of Poděbrady's behalf. George of Poděbrady died on 22 March 1471.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:War for Bohemia.

paragraph: After the fifteen-year-old Vladislaus pledged to respect the liberties of the Estates of the realm, the Bohemian Diet elected him king at Kutná Hora on 27 May 1471. He was specifically required to acknowledge the existence of two "nations" (the Catholic and Hussite Estates) in his realm in accordance with the Compacts of Basel, although the Holy See had already condemned the Compacts in 1462. The Holy See regarded Vladislaus's election invalid and the papal legate, Lorenzo Roverella, confirmed Matthias Corvinus's claim to Bohemia on 28 May. However, Emperor Frederick III refused to acknowledge Matthias as the lawful king of Bohemia.

paragraph: Vladislaus was crowned king in Prague on 22 August 1471. He could only secure his position with the noblemen's support, because no army had accompanied him to Bohemia. Consequently, the Diet developed into the most influential body of state administration during his reign. The Diet started to work as a legislative assembly and passed decrees that were recorded in specific registers.

paragraph: Casimir IV also supported Vladislaus. He allowed his second son, Vladislaus's brother Casimir, to invade Upper Hungary (now Slovakia) from Poland after a group of Hungarian barons and prelates offered Casimir the Hungarian throne in late 1471. Matthias defeated Casimir and forced him to withdraw from Hungary before the end of the year. On 1 March 1472, Pope Sixtus IV authorized his legate, Marco Barbo, to excommunicate Vladislaus and his father if they continued to wage war against Matthias. The first truce between Vladislaus and Matthias was signed on 31 May. Their representatives continued negotiations for months, often in the presence of the papal legate who supported Matthias's claims. The Diet elected four noblemen at Benešov in 1473 to administer Bohemia as regents until peace was restored.

paragraph: The representatives of Casimir IV and Matthias concluded a peace treaty on 21 February 1474. Two days later Vladislaus also agreed to sign a truce for three years. Before long, Vladislaus met Frederick III at the Imperial Diet in Nuremberg and persuaded him to make an alliance against Matthias. Casimir IV also joined the coalition. The Polish and Bohemian armies broke into Silesia and besieged Matthias in Wrocław in October. The Hungarian troops cut off the invaders' supply routes, forcing Vladislaus and Casimir to sign a new truce for more than one year on 8 December.

paragraph: The young Barbara of Brandenburg inherited the Duchy of Głogów in Silesia from her husband, Henry XI of Głogów, in 1476. Most Silesian dukes had years before acknowledged the suzerainty of Matthias Corvinus, but Vladislaus wanted to expand his authority in the province. He married Barbara by proxy to seize her duchy. With Matthias's support, Henry XI's nephew, Jan II, Duke of Żagań, broke into the duchy and occupied it. After Barbara lost her dowry, the Royal Council forbade her to come to Bohemia.

paragraph: Vladislaus's attempt to seize Głogów gave rise to a new conflict. Vladislaus and Frederick III confirmed their alliance against Matthias on 5 December 1476. The papal legate, Baldasare de Piscia, threatened Vladislaus with excommunication if he invaded Matthias's realms. Frederick III installed Vladislaus as king of Bohemia and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire on 10 June 1477. Two days later, Matthias declared war against the emperor and invaded Austria. Vladislaus sent reinforcements to his ally, but he withdrew his troops from Austria before the end of July. Frederick was forced to acknowledge Matthias as the lawful king of Bohemia on 1 December.

paragraph: Baldasare de Piscia excommunicated Vladislaus and his supporters on 15 January 1478. The representatives of Vladislaus and Matthias started new negotiations, and they reached a compromise that was accepted by both monarchs. The right of both Vladislaus and Matthias to use the title of king of Bohemia was confirmed, but only Matthias was required to address Vladislaus as such in their correspondence. The Lands of the Bohemian Crown were divided: Vladislaus ruled in Bohemia proper and Matthias in Moravia, Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatias. The compromise also authorized Vladislaus to redeem the three provinces for 400,000 gold florins after Matthias's death. Matthias and Vladislaus ratified the peace treaty with great pomp and ceremony at a meeting in Olomouc on 21 July 1479.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Conflicts in Bohemia.

paragraph: The Peace of Olomouc enabled the Catholic noblemen who had supported Matthias to return to Bohemia. Vladislaus, who remained a Catholic, decided to strengthen the position of the Catholics in his realm because he needed the support of the Holy See to strengthen his position in Europe. Although he was unable to achieve the restoration of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague, he began replacing the Hussite members of the town councils with Catholic burghers. Two sons of Vladislaus's predecessor, Jindřich and Hynek of Poděbrady, also converted to Catholicism.

paragraph: Vladislaus's campaign for re-Catholization stirred up the Hussites, and the townspeople in Prague rose up in September 1483. The rebels murdered or expelled all Catholic clerics and aldermen and persecuted the Germans and Jews. Vladislaus was also forced to leave the capital. Similar rebellions broke out in Nymburk, Žatec and Hradec Králové. After realizing that he could not send forces against Prague, Vladislaus acknowledged that he was unable to continue his pro-Catholic policy and confirmed the new Hussite aldermen in 1484.

paragraph: The success of the revolt of the burghers of Prague brought about a rapprochement between the moderate Hussite and Catholic noblemen who treated the townspeople with disdain. Vladislaus also urged the noblemen to reach an agreement on religious matters. Their compromise was confirmed at the Diet in Kutná Hora in March 1485, with acknowledging the right of both noblemen and commoners to freely adhere either to Catholicism or to Utraquism during the following 31 years.

paragraph: Frederick III failed to invite Vladislaus and Matthias to the Imperial Diet at Frankfurt, where his son, Maximilian, was elected King of the Romans on 16 February 1486. Frederick's omission offended both kings of Bohemia who made an alliance against the emperor at a meeting in Jihlava on 11 September. The meeting also created an opportunity to discuss other issues of common interest, especially the circulation of money in their realms. Vladislaus pledged to send reinforcements to Matthias to fight against Frederick III, but his advisors convinced him not to keep his promise. The Diet of Bohemia also urged him to make peace with the emperor and the prince-electors in June 1487. In the same year, Pope Innocent VIII lifted the excommunication and recognized Vladislaus as king of Bohemia.

paragraph: Matthias Corvinus confiscated large estates in his realms and granted them to his illegitimate son, John Corvinus, because he wanted to make John his heir. The sons of George of Poděbrady were among the barons who lost their estates to John Corvinus, which annoyed Vladislaus because some estates were located in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. Vladislaus sought his father's assistance, and they made a formal alliance against Matthias on 23 April. Matthias forced Jan II of Żagań to renounce Głogów in favor of John Corvinus in spring 1489. Before long, Vladislaus made peace with Emperor Frederick, but the emperor's son, Maximilian, started peace negotiations with Matthias.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:War for Hungary.

paragraph: Matthias Corvinus died unexpectedly in Vienna on 6 April 1490. By the time the noblemen assembled to elect his successor in May, four candidates laid claim to the throne. John Corvinus was primarily supported by barons and prelates who owned estates along the southern frontier (including Lawrence Újlaki and Peter Váradi, Archbishop of Kalocsa). Maximilian of Habsburg referred to the 1463 Peace Treaty of Wiener Neustadt, which prescribed that Emperor Frederick or his heirs were to inherit Hungary if Matthias died without a legitimate heir. Vladislaus claimed Hungary as the eldest son of the sister of Matthias's predecessor, Ladislaus the Posthumous. However, his parents, who wanted to secure a separate realm to their each sons, proposed Vladislaus's younger brother, John Albert.

paragraph: Most Hungarian barons and prelates preferred Vladislaus, because his rule in Bohemia had indicated that he would respect their liberties. Vladislaus also pledged that he would marry Matthias's wealthy widow, Beatrice of Naples, after his coronation. His two supporters, Stephen Báthory and Paul Kinizsi, defeated John Corvinus on 4 July. The Diet of Hungary elected Vladislaus king on 15 July. Vladislaus who had left Prague for Hungary in late June issued a charter promising to refrain from imposing extraordinary taxes or introducing other "harmful novelties" and to closely cooperate with the Royal Council. He reached Buda (the capital of Hungary) on 9 August. He met his brother, who had marched as far as Pest on the opposite side of the Danube River, but they did not reach a compromise.

paragraph: Vladislaus was crowned king on 18 September in Székesfehérvár. In accordance with the promise he made after his election, he settled in Buda. In his absence, Bohemia was administered by the great officers of state, especially the Burgrave of Prague and the Chancellor. Moravia, Silesia and Lusatia had acknowledged his rule soon after Matthias Corvinus's death. Although Vladislaus pledged that the three provinces would be attached to the Hungarian Crown until the money stipulated in the Peace of Olomouc was paid to the Hungarian treasury, the Estates of the Bohemian Crown argued that the personal union under his rule made that stipulation void. The 400,000 gold florins were never paid.

paragraph: John Albert did not renounce Hungary after Vladislaus's coronation. He captured Eger and laid siege to Kassa (Košice in Slovakia) in September. Vladislaus married Beatrice of Naples in Esztergom on 4 October, but the marriage was kept secret, although she gave considerable funds to him to finance his campaigns for Hungary. Maximilian of Habsburg also invaded Hungary and seized Szombathely, Veszprém and Székesfehérvár by the end of November. Vladislaus's supporters relieved Kassa in early December, and Maximilian withdrew from Hungary before the end of the year, because he could not finance his campaign. John Albert renounced his claim to Hungary in exchange for the Duchy of Głogów and the suzerainty over half of Silesia on 20 February 1491. John Albert again broke into Hungary in autumn, but Stephen Zápolya forced him to withdraw.

paragraph: Vladislaus's troops had meanwhile expelled the army of Maximilian of Habsburg from Hungary. In the Peace of Pressburg, signed on 7 November, Vladislaus renounced all territories that Matthias Corvinus had conquered in Austria and also acknowledged the Habsburgs' right to inherit Hungary and Bohemia if he died without a son. Stephen Zápolya routed John Albert at Eperjes (Prešov in Slovakia) on 24 December, forcing him to abandon his claim to Hungary.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:New regime in Hungary.

paragraph: Although John Filipec, Bishop of Várad, warned Vladislaus that the Hungarians could only be "forced to obedience with a rod of iron", Vladislaus did not continue Matthias Corvinus's centralizing policies. Almost all important decisions were made collectively in the Royal Council and Vladislaus always accepted them, saying "Dobrze" ("Very well" in Polish), which is the origin of his nickname. Thomas Bakócz and Stephen Zápolya were his most influential advisors in the 1490s. The Diet of Hungary which had been convoked only five times during the last thirteen years of Matthias Corvinus's rule regained its importance. The first Diet assembled in early 1492. It only ratified the Peace of Pressburg after most noblemen who had attained the first sessions returned home, because they accused the authors of the treaty of treachery for renouncing Matthias's conquests.

paragraph: Casimir IV died on 7 June 1492 after bequeathing Poland and Lithuania to Vladislaus's younger brothers, John Albert and Alexander, respectively. Vladislaus laid claim to Poland, but the Polish noblemen elected John Albert king on 27 August. Vladislaus had inherited an almost empty treasury from Matthias and he was unable to raise money to finance his predecessor's Black Army (a standing army of mercenaries). The unpaid mercenaries rose up and pillaged several villages along the Sava River. Paul Kinizsi routed them in September. Most mercenaries were executed and Vladislaus dissolved the remnants of the army on 3 January 1493.

paragraph: The Ottomans began to make regular raids against Hungary along the southern border. An Ottoman army inflicted a crushing defeat on the united army of the leading Croatian barons in the Battle of Krbava Field on 11 September 1493. The Ottomans annexed the Adriatic coast to the north of the river Neretva as far as Omiš. A few months later, the Croatian noblemen assembled at Bihać and tried to seek assistance from Pope Alexander VI and Maximilian of Habsburg.

paragraph: Nevertheless, Vladislaus was still regarded as the head of a powerful state, especially because he and his two brothers ruled the most powerful states in Central Europe. They met in Lőcse (Levoča in Slovakia) in April 1494 to achieve a common foreign policy, but Vladislaus and John Albert did not reach a compromise about Moldavia and Silesia. Vladislaus levied an extraordinary tax, or "subsidy", without the authorization of the Diet in spring 1494. The noblemen protested against the tax all over the kingdom. Lawrence Újlaki, who was one of the wealthiest barons in Hungary, ordered the murder of a tax-collector and called Vladislaus an ox. Vladislaus accused Újlaki of co-operation with the Ottomans and launched a military campaign against him, compelling him to beg for mercy in early 1495. Újlaki was allowed to retain his most estates. The representatives of Vladislaus and the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II signed a truce for three years in April 1495, but Ottoman raids across the borders continued in Croatia.

paragraph: The Estates accused Vladislaus's treasurer, Sigismund Ernuszt, of embezzlement at the Diet in May 1496. At the Diet's demand, Vladislaus ordered the arrest of Ernuszt and his deputy. Ernuszt was released only after paying a ransom of 400,000 gold florins.

paragraph: Vladislaus visited Bohemia in the first half of 1497. After his return, the Diet persuaded him to forbid the unpopular Tamás Bakócz to use the royal seals, but Bakócz remained the arch-chancellor. The royal seals were entrusted to George Szatmári, who was the Thurzós' close ally. Pope Alexander made Bakócz Archbishop of Esztergom on 20 December.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Ottoman threat.

paragraph: Vladislaus rewarded the Estates of Slavonia (the "shield of Hungary" against the Ottomans) with a separate coat-of-arms at the end of 1497. The truce with the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1498. The 1498 Diet of Hungary sanctioned the introduction of a one-florin ordinary tax, stipulating that the landowners could retain half of the tax to pay their own retainers. A decree obliged the wealthiest barons and prelates to set up their own armies. Another decree prescribed that the Royal Council could only make decisions if at least eight elected noble jurors of the royal courts attained the meeting. The Diet also passed laws that increased the noblemen's income at the expense of Church revenues and limited the economic privileges of the towns and townspeople.

paragraph: Vladislaus made an alliance with John Albert and Stephen III of Moldavia against the Ottomans in Kraków on 20 July 1498. He was also reconciled with John Corvinus and made him ban of Croatia, tasking him with the defense of Croatia.

paragraph: During his reign (1490–1516), the Hungarian royal power declined in favour of the Hungarian magnates, who used their power to curtail the peasants’ freedom. His reign in Hungary was largely stable, although Hungary was under consistent border pressure from the Ottoman Empire and went through the revolt of György Dózsa. On March 11, 1500, the Bohemian Diet adopted a new land constitution that limited royal power, and Vladislav signed it in 1502 (hence it is known as "Vladislav land order"). Additionally, he oversaw the construction (1493–1502) of the enormous Vladislav Hall atop the palace at the Prague Castle.

paragraph: Vladislaus died on 13 March 1516, two weeks after his 60th birthday, in the city of Buda. His funeral was held six days later in the main cathedral of the city of Székesfehérvár, where all the Kings of Hungary used to be buried. His son was previously crowned as King of Hungary in 1508 and in 1509 as King of Bohemia before his father died, so the succession was assured. Before he died, Vladislaus called Tamás Bakócz, John Bornemissza, and George Hohenzollern, and named them the bearers and custodians of the young prince Louis. The monarch left a Kingdom in political ruins with a debt of 403,000 Hungarian florins.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Vladislaus II was married three times, first in 1476 at Frankfurt/Oder to Barbara of Brandenburg, daughter of Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg, child widow of Silesian Piast Henry XI of Głogów; then to the widow of Matthias, Beatrice of Naples, daughter of Ferdinand I of Naples. His third wife, Anne of Foix-Candale, was crowned on 29 September 1502 when she was about 18 years old and he was 46. She gave birth to his only two surviving legitimate children, Anne of Bohemia and Hungary and Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, and died in 1506 from complications resulting from the birth of Louis.

paragraph: After his death, Vladislaus' ten-year-old son Louis succeeded him on the thrones of both Bohemia and Hungary. His daughter Anna was married in 1515 to the future emperor Ferdinand of Austria, a grandson of Emperor Maximilian I. Therefore, after the death of Louis at the Battle of Mohács, the succession devolved through Anna to the cadet line of eastern Habsburgs.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: His titles according to the laws in 1492: King of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania and Bulgaria, Prince of Silesia and Luxembourg, Margrave of Moravia and Upper-/Lower Lusatia.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of rulers of Bohemia

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of rulers of Hungary

description: King of Bohemia and Hungary

wikidata_label: Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary

wikipedia_title: Vladislaus II of Hungary


text: RSA

text: RSW

text: Lochwinnoch

text: Edinburgh College of Art

text: Dundee

text: Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art

text: University of Dundee

text: Alberto Morrocco

text: Lochwinnoch

text: Glasgow

text: Second World War

text: Bevin Boy

text: West Lothian

text: surrealist

text: cubist

text: Graham Sutherland

text: Glasgow University

text: Clyde-built

text: University of Edinburgh

text: Edinburgh College of Art

text: Elizabeth Blackadder

text: John Houston

text: David Michie

text: Anne Redpath

text: William Gillies

text: John Maxwell

text: William MacTaggart

text: Robert Henderson Blyth

text: Matisse

text: Gauguin

text: Picasso

text: Braque

text: Chagall

text: Redon

text: Andrew Grant Scholarship

text: Falkland Palace

text: Dundee

text: Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art

text: University of Dundee

text: Alberto Morrocco

text: Aberdeen Art Gallery

text: University of Dundee

text: National Galleries of Scotland

text: University of Edinburgh

text: RSA Thorburn Ross Collection

text: University of St Andrews

text: Glasgow Art Gallery

text: Perth Art Gallery

text: Paisley Museum and Art Gallery

text: The Fleming Collection

text: Royal Dutch Shell

text: Bank of Scotland

text: British Rail

text: BBC Scotland

text: Towner Art Gallery

text: University of Birmingham

categories: 1998 deaths,Scottish artists,20th-century Scottish painters,Scottish male painters,Academics of the University of Dundee,Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art,Royal Scottish Academicians,1926 births

paragraph: David McClure (artist)

paragraph: David McClure RSA RSW (20 February 1926 – 20 February 1998) was a Scottish artist and lecturer. He is most well known for his paintings of still lifes, interiors, figures and family portraits as well as his landscape and townscape paintings of Scotland, Italy, Sicily and Spain where he lived and travelled throughout his life.

paragraph: Born in Lochwinnoch in 1926, McClure graduated in the early 1950s from Edinburgh College of Art. In his early career he spent significant periods working in Spain, Italy, Sicily and later Norway. He spent the majority of professional life in Dundee where he lived with his wife and family and taught at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art (now part of the University of Dundee) from 1958 and spent the last two years of his career there as head of painting, a post he took over from his friend, colleague and fellow artist, Alberto Morrocco, before retiring in 1985.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: McClure was born in Lochwinnoch in 1926 and attended Queen's Park School in Glasgow. During the Second World War David served as a Bevin Boy in the mines of West Lothian. Some of his earliest known works depict these times; mining scenes and portraits of the miners themselves as well as surrealist and cubist landscapes depicting pitheads and bings, richly influenced by the works of Graham Sutherland. Previously he had been studying English and History at Glasgow University but his mining experiences seemed to have help determine that an already strong interest in the visual arts developed into a need to paint. On his father's side of the family were several generations of Lochwinnoch furniture designers and manufacturers; many of the great, Clyde-built liners were fitted out with Lochwinnoch furniture and decorative woodwork. His father, Robert, in his spare time was active in the local art society and went to drawing classes, even painting portraits of locals' prize pets or racing pigeons. David first enrolled in the Fine Art course at Edinburgh, his time divided between History of Art at the University of Edinburgh and Drawing and Painting at the Art College. Tellingly, after a year, he moved solely to the Art College and to painting.

paragraph: McClure studied at Edinburgh College of Art from the late 1940s, where his contemporaries included Elizabeth Blackadder, John Houston and David Michie and where students came under the influences of the major Edinburgh figures of the time such as Anne Redpath, William Gillies, John Maxwell, William MacTaggart and Robert Henderson Blyth. His art was enriched by his regard for the French Post-Impressionists masters such as Matisse, Gauguin, Picasso, Braque, Chagall and Redon, painterly and richly coloured in a long-standing Scottish tradition. Always informed by an intellectual rigour and reference to the wider history of art, literature and music, it is generally celebratory of the good things in life and nature.

paragraph: Section::::Travel and work.

paragraph: In 1952 McClure was awarded a Travelling Scholarship by the Art College which saw him working in France, Spain and Italy. In 1955 they awarded him an Andrew Grant Scholarship which led to a period of travelling and painting in Scotland, Florence and Sicily where he concentrated on landscape and townscape scenes with some still life painting. After Sicily, McClure returned to Scotland where he taught at Edinburgh College of Art, while continuing to paint. During this period he was commissioned as the artist involved in the reconstruction of the King's room at Falkland Palace, Fife where his murals and ceiling paintings can still be seen today.

paragraph: The rest of his professional life was spent in Dundee, where he lived with his family and taught from 1958 at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art (now part of the University of Dundee), where he earned a reputation as an inspirational and caring teacher. McClure had a strong adherence to the core values of sound drawing, the importance of tradition, art history, and learning the craft of painting. He found time to work with students who were less gifted and was appreciated for his rigorous intellect which made an impact on the college. He is remembered at Duncan of Jordanstone for "opening the minds of staff and students" alike and spent the last two years of his career there as head of painting a post he took over from his great friend, colleague and fellow Scottish artist, Alberto Morrocco, before retiring in 1985. After his retirement from College, David continued to paint full-time in his studio at the family home at Strawberry Bank, Dundee. During this period he periodically suffered from ill-health, but not until the very end did this affect his painting indeed in his last years he produced what some regard as some of the finest, direct landscapes of his career inspired by summer visits to North-West Sutherland. Such was his determination and commitment to his art that he had an oxygen cylinder rigged up in his studio with a lengthy lead and mask.

paragraph: Section::::Family life.

paragraph: McClure married Joyce Flanigan in 1950 and they had three children Robin, Paola and Kevin. David remarried in 1991 to artist and former model Angel Bradbury who he lived with for the remainder of his life. David died peacefully on his 72nd birthday at the family home at Strawberry Bank, Dundee in 1998.

paragraph: Section::::Collections.

paragraph: David McClure's paintings are held by a number of public and private collections across the UK which include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aberdeen Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Argyll Education Committee

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Dundee

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dundee Museum and Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Galleries of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Edinburgh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edinburgh City Art Centre

paragraph: BULLET::::- RSA Thorburn Ross Collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of St Andrews

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glasgow Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perth Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paisley Museum and Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Fleming Collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Dutch Shell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bank of Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Rail

paragraph: BULLET::::- BBC Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edinburgh Fund Managers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Towner Art Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Birmingham

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David McClure - The Scottish Gallery Contemporary Art Since 1842

description: Scottish artist and lecturer

wikidata_label: David McClure

wikipedia_title: David McClure (artist)


text:
Saka
Western Kshatrapas
India
Damajadasri I
Satyadaman
Rudrasena I
Brahmi
Saka Era
Rudrasimha I
British Museum

paragraph: Jivadaman

paragraph: Jivadaman was a Saka ruler of the Western Kshatrapas in northwestern India from during the 2nd century CE. He was the son of Damajadasri I (170–175), and the brother of Satyadaman.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The exact dating of Jivadaman's reign has been debated. He may have ruled as late as 121 (199 CE).

paragraph: Jivadaman had no sons, and consequently he was succeeded by his cousin Rudrasena I.

paragraph: Section::::Coins of Jivadaman.

paragraph: With Jivadaman, Western Satrap coins started to be minted with a date, recorded in Brahmi numerals behind the king's head. According to his coins, Jivadaman seems to have ruled two times, once between Saka Era 100 and 103 (178–181 CE), before the rule of Rudrasimha I, and once between Saka Era 119 and 120 (197–198 CE).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rapson, Edward James "A catalogue of the Indian coins in the British Museum. Catalogue of the coins of the Andhra dynasty, the Western Ksatrapas, the Traikutaka dynasty, and the Bodhi dynasty" Eastern Book House, India, 1990. First published in 1908.

wikidata_label: Jivadaman

wikipedia_title: Jivadaman


text: Nicaea

text: Zaragoza

text: Byzantine

text: Laskaris

text: Aragon

text: Nicaean emperor

text: Theodore II Laskaris

text: Elena Asenina of Bulgaria

text: Constance II of Hohenstaufen

text: Peter III of Aragon

text: Palaiologan

text: Constantinople

text: Tende

text: Sicily

text: James I

text: Michael VIII Palaiologos

text: John IV Laskaris

text: Tende

text: Liguria

text: Genoa

text: Lascaris de Vintimille

text: Vatatza Lascaris di Ventimiglia

text: Ventimiglia

text: Aragon

text: Coimbra

text: Old Cathedral of Coimbra

text: Elizabeth of Portugal

text: Maid

text: Afonso IV of Portugal

text: Santiago do Cacém

text: Sines

text: Alfonso III of Aragon

text: James I of Aragon

text: James II of Aragon

text: Poor Clares

text: Montblanc

text: Dominican

categories: Daughters of Byzantine emperors,1254 births,Asen dynasty,1311 deaths,13th-century Byzantine people,People of the Empire of Nicaea,People from İznik,Crown of Aragon,Laskarid dynasty

paragraph: Eudoxia Laskarina

paragraph: Eudoxia Laskarina Asanina (, Nicaea, 1245/1248 – Zaragoza, 1311) was a member of the Byzantine Laskaris family. In later life, she fled to Aragon, where she was known as Irene Lascaris.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Eudoxia was the fourth daughter of the Nicaean emperor Theodore II Laskaris and of Elena Asenina of Bulgaria. Eudoxia grew up as a princess at the court of Nicaea, where Constance II of Hohenstaufen, widow of her grandfather John III Doukas Vatatzes, also lived. As a young girl, Eudoxia was promised to the royal family of Aragon as a bride for their son, the future king Peter III of Aragon. After the Palaiologan usurpation of the imperial throne, both ladies (dowager empress Constance and Eudokia) fled, travelling the same route from Constantinople to Tende and Sicily, respectively, and, years later, both sought protection at the kingdom of Aragon under king James I.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and offspring.

paragraph: Soon after the re-conquest of Constantinople in 1261, Michael VIII Palaiologos, until then regent and co-emperor for the infant John IV Laskaris, had himself declared sole emperor, solidifying his position by having John IV blinded and imprisoned. John's three sisters, Eudoxia among them, were hurriedly married off to foreigners, so their descendants could not claim to the imperial succession.

paragraph: The young Eudoxia was married in Constantinople on 28 July 1261 to Count Guglielmo Pietro I of Ventimiglia and Tenda (1230–1283), count of Ventimiglia and Tende, a Ligurian region then at the service of Genoa, allies with Michael VIII. This marriage originated the house Lascaris de Vintimille, which stood until the 19th century as a powerful French family.

paragraph: Eudoxia and Pietro had seven children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lucrezia Lascaris di Ventimiglia (1264 – 1314), in 1281 she married to Arnau Roger de Comminges, Count of Pallars-Subirà, who died in 1288. By this marriage she had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sibilla de Pallars, Countess of Pallars-Subirà, married in 1297 to Hug VIII de Mataplana, Baron of Mataplana and Count Consort of Pallars-Subirà, and had two sons

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatriu de Pallars, married around 1300 to Guillèn IV de Anglesola, Lord of Bellpuig, who died in 1333, and had one daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Violent de Pallars (c. 1284 – 1311), married around 1300 to Ximen Cornell, widow without issue of María Pérez de Ayerbe, and had three sons and two daughters

paragraph: BULLET::::- unknown de Pallars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giovanni I Lascaris di Ventimiglia, Count of Ventimiglia and Tenda (1264 – c. 1323), married Menzia di Montferrato and had one son and three daughters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice Lascaris di Ventimiglia, who married Guillem de Montcada

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vatatza Lascaris di Ventimiglia (Ventimiglia or Aragon, 1268 or c. 1272 – Coimbra, 1336 or c. 1336, buried at the Old Cathedral of Coimbra), in the service of Queen Elizabeth of Portugal and a Maid of King Afonso IV of Portugal, Lady of the Commands of Santiago do Cacém and of Sines, married, firstly, to Martim Anes de Soverosa, who died on 30 May 1296, married, secondly, to Pedro Jordán de Urríes, who died in 1350, and who distinguished himself at the service of the Aragonese Crown in Sicily and rendered effective help to Alfonso III of Aragon before the nobles of the Union

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giacomo Lascaris di Ventimiglia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otto Lascaris di Ventimiglia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolanda Lascaris di Ventimiglia, married to Pedro de Ayerbe, Baron of Ayerbe, a grandson of James I of Aragon by third marriage.

paragraph: Before reaching 30, Eudoxia fled from Liguria to Aragon with her daughters Beatrice and Vatatza. Some say it was at the time of her husband's death or on being refused by him. Living at Xàtiva and Zaragoza and Castella, she travelled on diplomatic missions for King James II of Aragon.

paragraph: Section::::End of life.

paragraph: In 1296 she founded a monastery of Poor Clares and the Sanctuary of Mare de Déu de la Serra at Montblanc, which she entered by the end of 1306. She also donated to the monastery an Italian image of the Virgin, that still stands there. Her remains rest at the Dominican monastery at Zaragoza.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tres princesas griegas en la corte de Jaime II de Aragon", Joaquin Miret y Sans, in _Revue hispanique_ 15 (1906)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vataça: uma dona na vida e na morte" Revista da Faculdade de Letras – História, 3ª série, III (1986), pp. 159–193

description: Daughter of the Niceaen Emperor

wikidata_label: Eudoxia Laskarina

wikipedia_title: Eudoxia Laskarina


text:
Member of Parliament
Tavistock
Meeth
Lyneham
Yealmpton
Meeth
William Crocker
Member of Parliament
Heraldic Visitations
Lyneham
Yealmpton
Lyneham
Yealmpton
Norman Conquest
Prince
manor house
Cruwys Morchard
John
Bowden
Ashprington

categories: 14th-century births,14th-century English MPs

paragraph: Richard Crocker

paragraph: Richard Crocker (fl.1335) of Devon, England, was a Member of Parliament for Tavistock in Devon in 1335. His descendants were the prominent Crocker family of "Crocker's Hele" in the parish of Meeth, Devon, later seated at Lyneham in the parish of Yealmpton, Devon until 1740.

paragraph: The earliest known Devonshire seat of the Crocker family was "Crocker's Hele", in the parish of Meeth. Richard's descendant William Crocker (fl. 14th c.), living during the reign of King Edward III (1327-1377), of "Crocker's Hele" was a Member of Parliament and is the earliest member of the family recorded in the Heraldic Visitations of Devon. William's descendants were the prominent Crocker family seated at Lyneham in the parish of Yealmpton, Devon until 1740. "Crocker's Hele" was abandoned in the 14th century by John II Crocker in favour of Lyneham in the parish of Yealmpton, Devon, which he had inherited from his wife Alice Gambon, daughter and heiress of John Gambon of Lyneham.

paragraph: The Crocker family is believed to be one of the most ancient in Devon, reputedly of Anglo-Saxon origin, very rare for English gentry who mostly descend from Norman invaders who took part in the Norman Conquest of 1066. According to ""that old saw often used among us in discourse"", the traditional rhyme related by Prince (d.1723):

paragraph: ""Crocker, Cruwys, and Coplestone",

paragraph: The last male of the Crocker family of Lyneham was Courtenay Crocker (d.1740), several times MP for Plympton. The Cruwys family in 2014 still resides in its ancient manor house at Cruwys Morchard where, despite the traditional rhyme which seeks to give it Anglo-Saxon origins, it is first recorded in the reign of King John (1199-1216), or possibly a little earlier. The senior branch of the Copleston family died out in the male line in 1632, but the Coplestons of Bowden in the parish of Ashprington survived a further century until the death without progeny of Thomas Copleston (1688-1748), MP, whose heirs in 1753 sold Bowden to William Pollexfen Bastard of Kitley.

wikidata_label: Richard Crocker

wikipedia_title: Richard Crocker


text:
Vendsyssel FF
Odense BK
Hobro IK
Danish Superliga
Mikkel Desler

categories: Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Denmark,Danish Superliga players,Ivorian expatriate footballers,Odense Boldklub players,1997 births,Ivorian footballers,Association football midfielders,Living people

paragraph: Yao Dieudonne

paragraph: Yao Dieudonne (born 14 May 1997) is an Ivorian footballer who plays for Vendsyssel FF on loan from Odense BK.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:OB.

paragraph: Yao went on a trial at OB in the autumn 2015. That went successfully, and he was offered a contract.

paragraph: Yao got his debut on 15 May 2016 against Hobro IK in the Danish Superliga, that OB lost 0-1. He came on the pitch in the 82nd minute, where he replaced Mikkel Desler. He was moved up to the first team squad in the summer 2016, after playing a half year at the U19 squad. In November 2016, his contract got extended until 2020.

description: association football player

wikidata_label: Yao Dieudonne

wikipedia_title: Yao Dieudonne


text:
Crocker's Hele
Meeth
Member of Parliament
Lyneham
Yealmpton
Heraldic Visitations
Richard Crocker
Member of Parliament
Tavistock (UK Parliament constituency)
Meeth
Lyneham
Yealmpton
Norman Conquest
Prince
manor house
Cruwys Morchard
John
Bowden
Ashprington
Thomas Coplestone

paragraph: William Crocker (of Devon)

paragraph: William Crocker (fl. 14th c.), living during the reign of King Edward III (1327-1377), of Crocker's Hele in the parish of Meeth, Devon, was a Member of Parliament. His descendants were the prominent Crocker family seated at Lyneham in the parish of Yealmpton, Devon until 1740. William Crocker is the earliest member of the family recorded in the Heraldic Visitations of Devon, although one of his ancestors is known to have been Richard Crocker (fl.1335) of Devon, England, a Member of Parliament for Tavistock (UK Parliament constituency) in Devon in 1335.

paragraph: The earliest known Devonshire seat of the Crocker family was "Crocker's Hele", in the parish of Meeth, (in 2016 a 7-acre solar farm) which in the 14th century was abandoned by William's grandson John II Crocker in favour of Lyneham in the parish of Yealmpton, Devon, which he had inherited from his wife Alice Gambon, daughter and heiress of John Gambon of Lyneham.

paragraph: ""Crocker, Cruwys, and Coplestone",

paragraph: The last male of the Crocker family of Lyneham was Courtenay Crocker (d.1740), several times MP for Plympton. The Cruwys family in 2014 still resides in its ancient manor house at Cruwys Morchard where, despite the traditional rhyme which seeks to give it Anglo-Saxon origins, it is first recorded in the reign of King John (1199-1216), or possibly a little earlier. The senior branch of the Coplestone family died out in the male line in 1632, but the Coplestones of Bowden in the parish of Ashprington survived a further century until the death without progeny of Thomas Coplestone (1688-1748), MP, whose heirs in 1753 sold Bowden to William Pollexfen Bastard of Kitley.

description: Member of Parliament in the Parliament of England

wikidata_label: William Crocker

wikipedia_title: William Crocker (of Devon)


text: Los Angeles

text: Singapore

text: The Swaggernautz

text: American Idol

text: Jovany Javier

text: Universal Music Publishing

text: Singapore

text: Yamaha Music Foundation

text: Singapore Armed Forces

text: Computer Science

text: Cornell University

text: Ithaca, NY

text: Republic of Singapore Navy

text: Cornell University Glee Club

text: Troye Sivan

text: Happy Little Pill

text: TRXYE

text: Billboard 200

text: Billboard 200

text: Elephante

text: Trouze

text: Damon Sharpe

text: Despacito

text: Luis Fonsi

text: JJ Lin

text: Jovany Javier

text: Jovany Javier

text: Luis Salazar

text: The Dro1dz

text: The Swaggernautz

text: Santana

text: Pitbull

text: Project 46

text: A-mei

text: Karen Mok

text: Show Lo

text: Vanness Wu

text: Coco Lee

text: JJ Lin

text: Kit Chan

text: Troye Sivan

text: Universal

text: Luis Fonsi

text: JJ Lin

text: Universal

text: Kaskade

text: Arkade

text: Christina Grimmie

text: Elephante

text: Trouze

text: Damon Sharpe

text: Armada Music

text: Project 46

text: Ultra Records

text: Trouze

text: Crayon Pop

text: Sony Music Mexico

text: Sony Music Mexico

text: Anahi

text: Gente De Zona

text: Universal Music Latin Entertainment

text: Anahi

text: Julion Alvarez

text: Universal Music Latin Entertainment

text: Vanness Wu

text: Sony Music Taiwan

categories: American songwriters,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people),People from Singapore

paragraph: Tat Tong

paragraph: Tat Tong; born Tong Hong Tat; is a Singaporean record producer and songwriter who works in Los Angeles and Singapore. His discography has gone 20x platinum, with over 20 #1 hits out of over 60 Top 20 hits worldwide, and he is a member of production-writing duo The Swaggernautz with American Idol Season 10 alumnus Jovany Javier. He is presently signed to Universal Music Publishing.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Growing up in Singapore, Tong studied piano and composition at Yamaha Music Foundation. In 2001, he accepted a scholarship from the Singapore Armed Forces to study Computer Science at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, and following that, worked in the Republic of Singapore Navy for 6 years before transitioning into a full-time music career in 2011. At Cornell, Tong sang in the Cornell University Glee Club.

paragraph: Section::::Current career.

paragraph: Tong co-produced and co-wrote Troye Sivan's "Happy Little Pill" from his 2014 TRXYE album, which was certified Gold in Australia, charted at #1 on iTunes in 55 countries, and reached #5 on the Billboard 200 chart, making him the first Singaporean to have an entry in the Top 10 of the Billboard 200. He also cowrote American DJ Elephante's single "Age Of Innocence" featuring Trouze and Damon Sharpe which charted in the Top 20 on the Billboard Dance charts.

paragraph: In the Latin music space, Tong co-produced and co-wrote the Mandarin remix of "Despacito" by Luis Fonsi featuring JJ Lin, together with Jovany Javier. He also co-produced and co-wrote CD9's 2016 album "Evolution" with Jovany Javier as well as Luis Salazar of The Dro1dz, which was certified platinum and charted at #1 in Mexico. Tong's global credits with The Swaggernautz also include work with Santana, Pitbull, Project 46, A-mei, Karen Mok, Show Lo, 2PM, Vanness Wu, Coco Lee, JJ Lin, and Kit Chan.

paragraph: Tong is also a speaker and co-host of the Gamechangers Music Seminar series, and is a noted producer in the contemporary a cappella community.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- COMPASS (Composers and Authors Society of Singapore) 'Wings Of Excellence' Award for overseas achievements

paragraph: BULLET::::- COMPASS (Composers and Authors Society of Singapore) 'Top Local English Pop Song' Award for 'Happy Little Pill' (Troye Sivan)

paragraph: Section::::Partial Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troye Sivan: "Happy Little Pill", Universal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luis Fonsi, JJ Lin: "Despacito (Mandarin Remix)", Universal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kaskade: "Come Play With Me", Arkade

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christina Grimmie: "Shrug"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elephante feat. Trouze and Damon Sharpe: "Age of Innocence", Armada Music

paragraph: BULLET::::- Project 46: "Beautiful It Hurts", Ultra Records

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trouze: "Intersection", "Splash", "Busy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- CD9 feat. Crayon Pop: "Get Dumb", Sony Music Mexico

paragraph: BULLET::::- CD9:"Deja Vu", "Guilty Pleasure" Sony Music Mexico

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anahi feat. Gente De Zona: "Arena Y Sol", Universal Music Latin Entertainment

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anahi feat. Julion Alvarez: "Eres", Universal Music Latin Entertainment

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vanness Wu: "Rang Wo Geng Ai Wo", Sony Music Taiwan

wikidata_label: Tat Tong

wikipedia_title: Tat Tong


text:
The Jungle Book
Rudyard Kipling
Académie Julian
Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant
Henri Lucien Doucet
Museum of Natural History
Art Students League of New York
Century
Harper’s
National Academy of Design
William Henry Drake on Artnet

categories: 20th-century American painters,1886 births,American male painters,National Academy of Design alumni,1926 deaths,19th-century American painters,Illustrators,Alumni of the Académie Julian

paragraph: William Henry Drake (painter)

paragraph: William Henry Drake (June 4, 1856 – 1926) born in New York, was an American painter and illustrator known for his illustrations of "The Jungle Book" by Rudyard Kipling.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Drake studied at the Académie Julian in Paris, with Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant and Henri Lucien Doucet.

paragraph: Back from Europe, he studied at the Cincinnati School of Design, and would often go to the zoo, where he could draw the animals. He was then employed by the Museum of Natural History. He continued to study at the Art Students League of New York.

paragraph: In 1878 he worked as a freelance pen-and-ink artist for such periodicals as "Century" or "Harper’s" with animal studies, still lifes and landscapes.

paragraph: Having developed skills in drawing wild animals, particularly wild cats, in 1894, he received commissions to illustrate books, including "The Jungle Books", by Kipling.

paragraph: In 1902 he was made an associate member of the National Academy of Design.

paragraph: Drake moved to California in 1920.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Henry Drake on Artnet

alias:
Will H. Drake
Will Henry Drake

description: American Painter, watercolourist, illustrator

wikidata_label: William Henry Drake

wikipedia_title: William Henry Drake (painter)


text: speed skater

text: Beinsdorp

text: 2018 Winter Olympics

text: women's 5000 metres

text: Leiden

text: 2018 Winter Olympics

text: 2018 Winter Olympics

text: first competition weekend

text: 2018–19 ISU Speed Skating World Cup

text: Obihiro

text: adelskalender

text: SpeedSkatingNews profile

text: Eurosport profile

text: iSkate profile

categories: Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Living people,1996 births,Dutch female speed skaters,Olympic speed skaters of the Netherlands,Olympic medalists in speed skating,Speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics,Sportspeople from Leiden

paragraph: Esmee Visser

paragraph: Esmee Visser (; born 26 January 1996) is a Dutch speed skater from Beinsdorp who specialises in long distances. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, she won a gold medal in the women's 5000 metres with a time of 6:50.23.

paragraph: Born in Leiden, she qualified for the 5000 metres at the 2018 Winter Olympics in December 2017. At the 2018 European Speed Skating Championships, she won the 3000 metres in her second-ever international race. On 16 February 2018 she won the gold medal in the women's 5000 metres at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

paragraph: At the first competition weekend of the 2018–19 ISU Speed Skating World Cup in Obihiro, Japan she won the 3000m event, the first World Cup victory of her career.

paragraph: Section::::Personal records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NR : Dutch national record

paragraph: At the end of the 2018/2019 speed skating season, Visser occupied the 41st position on the adelskalender with a points total of 160.356 (up from position 160).

paragraph: Section::::Results Timeline.

paragraph: BULLET::::- DNQ : Did not qualify for the 5000m distance

paragraph: BULLET::::- b = B-division

paragraph: BULLET::::- - = did not participate

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- SpeedSkatingNews profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eurosport profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- iSkate profile

description: Dutch speedskater

wikidata_label: Esmee Visser

wikipedia_title: Esmee Visser


text:
Montreal
Quebec
Volkswagen New Beetle
Quebec
France
chroma key
Annie Brocoli

categories: Children's television characters,Canadian children's musicians,Musicians from Montreal,1971 births,Living people

paragraph: Annie Brocoli

paragraph: Annie Grenier (born January 22 1971 in Montreal) is an actress/singer whose alter ego Annie Brocoli is a popular children's character in Quebec. The fictional character was inspired by her childhood experiences as well as by her two children.

paragraph: Annie Brocoli follows the exciting adventures of a young woman who travels around in a Volkswagen New Beetle searching for fun, complete with unusual surprises and songs. It was those ingredients that won her a fan base among parents and children in French-speaking Quebec and in France. She also has won a legion of fans among English-speaking families.

paragraph: In addition to playing Brocoli, Grenier also writes, sings and plays other characters in the series.

paragraph: Grenier brought her character to life in a series of children's albums in 1999 followed by a series of videos in 2000. Her 2001 video ""Annie Brocoli dans l'espace"" (""Annie Brocoli in Space"") was a huge success and helped expand her fan base.

paragraph: But her popularity would explode on the big screen in 2003, when ""Annie Brocoli dans les Fonds Marins"" (""Annie Brocoli Under the Sea"") was released, becoming a hit at the Québec box office. The movie consists of computer graphics produced by [Damnfx] with Grenier performing via chroma key.

paragraph: One of her hit songs is ""Nanas Banana.""

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annie Brocoli official website

description: Canadian actress

wikidata_label: Annie Brocoli

wikipedia_title: Annie Brocoli