text: Oxton House

text: Kenton

text: antiquary

text: topographer

text: Ashburton, Devon

text: Devonshire gentry

text: Whiteway

text: Kingsteignton

text: Sir Robert Palk, 1st Baronet

text: Haldon House

text: Kenn

text: Exeter

text: Eton College

text: University College, Oxford

text: Highweek

text: Newton Abbot

text: Diocese of Exeter

text: Act of Parliament

text: Westminster

text: Modbury

text: Ermington, Devon

text: Bath

text: Sheriff of Devon

text: Falmouth

text: Balliol College, Oxford

text: Antigua

text: Modbury

text: Moreleigh

text: Oxton, Kenton

text: Farway

text: Farway

text: Matlock, Derbyshire

text: Gedling, Nottinghamshire

text: Darton

text: Thomas Richard Beaumont

text: Hexham Abbey

text: Bretton Hall

text: Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Baron Allendale

text: Lindridge House

text: Teigngrace

text: Prince Regent

text: Sir Frederick Leman Rogers, 7th Baronet

text: Laird

text: Abergeldie Castle

text: Aberdeen

text: Laird

text: Abergeldie Castle

text: Aberdeen

text: Alphington

text: Richard Polwhele

text: Spinsters' Rock

text: dolmen

text: Drewsteignton

text: Worthies of Devon

text: Survey of Devon

text: Devon Record Office

text: Royal Albert Memorial Museum

text: Wales

text: Lake District

text: Scotland

text: Matlock, Derbyshire

text: Dartmoor

text: North Devon

text: Second World War

text: Devon Record Office

text: Todd Gray

categories: People educated at Eton College,1821 deaths,English topographers,18th-century English Anglican priests,English watercolourists,Historians of Devon,Alumni of University College, Oxford,English landscape painters,Topographers of Devon,People from Ashburton, Devon,English antiquarians,1752 births

paragraph: John Swete

paragraph: Rev. John Swete (born John Tripe) (baptised 13 August 1752 – 25 October 1821) of Oxton House, Kenton in Devon, was a clergyman, landowner, artist, antiquary, historian and topographer and author of the "Picturesque Sketches of Devon" consisting of twenty illustrated journals of Devonshire scenery. He was a connoisseur of landscape gardening, and much of his "Travel Journals" consist of his commentary of the success or otherwise of the landscaping ventures of his gentry friends, neighbours and acquaintances in Devon. He himself undertook major building and landscaping works at Oxton.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: John Tripe was born in 1752, the son Nicholas Tripe, a surgeon in Ashburton, Devon, by his wife Rebecca Yard, according to Swete's "Journal" a member of the ancient Devonshire gentry family of Yard of Whiteway in the parish of Kingsteignton. He was born in his father's home in Ashburton, which in 1997 was serving as the "Golden Lion Hotel".

paragraph: He was educated at Ashburton Free School and with the assistance of Sir Robert Palk, 1st Baronet (1717–1798) of Haldon House in the parish of Kenn, near Exeter, went to Eton College in 1769 and then later to University College, Oxford. Tripe graduated with a B.A. in 1774 and obtained an M.A. in 1777. In 1775, he became a curate at Highweek, Newton Abbot and in 1776 he was appointed curate at Kenn. In 1781, he was made a prebendary of the Diocese of Exeter.

paragraph: In 1781 by a private Act of Parliament, John Tripe adopted the surname and arms of Swete in lieu of his patronymic, in order to comply with the terms of a bequest from Mrs. Esther Swete (1712–1781) formerly of 30 Great George Street, Westminster, of Traine House in Modbury and of Preston in Ermington, Devon, and of Bath in Somerset, a relative of the Yard family of Chudleigh, of which family was John Tripe's mother. She was born Esther Prickman, daughter and sole heiress of Thomas Prickman (d.1728) of Falmouth in Cornwall. She was a minor aged 16 at her father's death, and by his will he left her in the guardianship of Adrian Swete (1670–1733) of Traine, Modbury, Sheriff of Devon in 1725, and his sister Philippa Swete, who in 1728 married her off at the age of 16 to their 55-year-old youngest brother (as his 2nd wife) Captain Mayne Swete (1673–1735), whose first wife, Grace Walrond, had left him an estate in Falmouth, Antigua, inherited from her deceased first husband William Wainwright. Mayne Swete moved to Antigua and was a member of the Assembly in 1704 and 1715. Mayne Swete had by his wife Esther Prickman an only child, Adrian John Swete (1731–1755), who after having received his BA at Balliol College, Oxford in 1751, died unmarried in 1755. He was godfather to John Tripe (later Rev. John Swete). He was the last of the Swetes of Modbury and bequeathed his estates to his mother Esther, who treated her son's godson as the grandson she never had, and made him her heir. Her mural monument survives in Ermington Church, where she was buried, erected by Rev. John Swete, inscribed as follows:

paragraph: Here lie the Remains of Mrs Esther Swete of Train in Modbury who died Jan 1781 aged 68. In the amiable endowments and elegancies peculiar to her sex excelled perhaps by few, but by none in fortitude of mind and resignation to the will of God, with which she sustained the loss of her only son Adrian John Swete Esqr. who died at the early period of 24 years, especially if the greatness of that loss were to be estimated by the high attainments of worth, that marked him as the scholar and the Christian. "Memor beneficiorum, et amore, et observantia, plusquam cognatione, devinctus posuit. Jn Swete de Oxton"

paragraph: From this bequest John Tripe came into possession of an estate on the Island of Antigua and the Swete family's estate of Train in the parish of Modbury in Devon. The Swete arms appear on a modern escutcheon with the date "1472" sculpted above an archway in a stone wall at Traine House. He also owned Moreleigh Court in the parish of Moreleigh.

paragraph: Swete owned estates including Oxton, Kenton, his main residence which he inherited from his father; Poltimore, Farway; and Whitley, Farway.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Marriage and children.

paragraph: On 1 January 1784 in St. Nicholas's Church, Nottingham, Swete married Charlotte Beaumont (1765-1831), whom he had met in Matlock, Derbyshire, 2nd daughter of Rev. George Beaumont (1726–1773), Rector of Gedling, Nottinghamshire, 2nd son of George Beaumont (1696-1735) of The Oaks, Darton, Yorkshire and uncle of Col. Thomas Richard Beaumont (1758–1829) of Hexham Abbey, Northumberland and of Bretton Hall, Wakefield, Yorkshire, MP for Northumberland 1818–26, 1830–37 and MP for Stafford 1827, one of the wealthiest men in England due to his lead-mines and his wife's other inheritances which yielded an annual income of £110,000. Col. Beaumont's descendant was Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Baron Allendale (1829–1907), whose son was Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Viscount Allendale (1860–1923). By his wife Swete had twelve children (of whom four died in infancy) including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Beaumont Swete (1788–1867), eldest son and heir, who married Mary Templer (1794–1886), a daughter of Henry Line Templer (1765–1818), 10th Lt Dragoons, of Lindridge House, Teigngrace, Devon, one of the Prince Regent's household, whose monument exists in Teigngrace Church, by his wife Mary Rogers, daughter of Sir Frederick Leman Rogers, 7th Baronet (1782–1851). He had 15 children some of whom died young and who are commemorated on a mural tablet in Kenton Church. In the early 1830s he effected various remodelling at Oxton, rebuilt by his father who had lavished much of his attention and fortune on house and landscape, but in 1848 sold it to William Studd, whose descendants owned it until 1918, when it was sold to the Earl of Listowel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rev. William Swete, 2nd son, who in 1824 married Mary Anne Gordon (d.1859) (his sister Caroline's sister-in-law), a daughter of David Gordon, 14th Laird of Abergeldie Castle near Aberdeen, in Scotland, by his wife Anne Biddulph. Two of his sisters married two of his wife's brothers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caroline Swete, 5th daughter, who in 1820 married Michael Francis Gordon (1792–1860), 15th Laird of Abergeldie Castle near Aberdeen, in Scotland, son of David Gordon, 14th Laird by his wife Anne Biddulph.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susan Swete (d.1861), 6th daughter, who in 1825 married Adam Gordon (both her brother's and her sister's brother-in-law), younger son of David Gordon, 14th Laird of Abergeldie Castle by his wife Anne Biddulph. She was mother to the 17th and 18th Lairds.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eliza Swete (1787–1865), who married Revd. Richard Ellicombe and whose mural monument survives in Alphington Church, near Exeter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death and burial.

paragraph: He died on 25 October 1821 at the age of 69 and was buried in Kenton Church, in the chapel at the east end of the north aisle, where survives his mural monument inscribed as follows:

paragraph: Beneath lie the remains of the Rev'nd John Swete of Oxton House in this parish, Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral for more than 39 years, who died on the 25th day of October 1821 aged 69. Early distinguished by a purity of taste, a love of literature, and a thirst for knowledge, his cultivated mind retained thro' life a strong relish for liberal and elegant studies. Hospitable, courteous and humane, an upright magistrate and a sincere Christian, an earnest and persuasive preacher. He lived and died in the bosom of a numerous and affectionate family, firmly trusting thro' the merits of Jesus Christ that he should again meet them in the enjoyment of a blessed immortality. Here also again united by Death are deposited the remains of Charlotte his beloved wife who died 10th December 1831 aged 66 years. May the Lord Jesus Christ be with their Spirits. Amen.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: Swete and his neighbour the historian Richard Polwhele were members of the Exeter Literary Society. In 1793 Swete gave a presidential address, that was published in 1796 in three parts in "Essays, by a Society of Gentlemen". The first part, titled "On some of the more remarkable British Monuments in Devon", combined a description of a visit to Spinsters' Rock (a dolmen at Drewsteignton), with an account of the discovery by Swete and his father of prehistoric urns in barrows on Haldon Hill. The other two parts were "Of Sepulture in general, and Sepulural Stones erect" and "On the Valley of the Stones, and the country near Linton".

paragraph: Swete contributed material used by Polwhele in his "Historical Views of Devonshire" (1793) and "History of Devonshire" (1793–1806) and he also gave some literary assistance to editions of Prince's "Worthies of Devon" (1810) and Risdon's "Survey of Devon" (1811). Swete contributed three poems to Polwhele's "Traditions and Recollections" (2 vols, 1826) and seven poetical pieces to Polwhele's "Poems, Chiefly by Gentlemen of Devonshire and Cornwall" (1792). In addition to contributions to published works Swete wrote several unpublished journals and books including an autobiography and six volumes of poetry. It is estimated that there are nearly 1000 watercolours by Swete in public ownership. These works are held mostly by the Devon Record Office with some in the Exeter Royal Albert Memorial Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.:"Picturesque Sketches of Devon".

paragraph: His inherited wealth enabled him to resign his curacy at Kenn and embark on a series of tours. In April 1773 he set out on a tour of Wales, the Lake District and Scotland. It had been his intention to go on a tour of Europe but instead he met Charlotte Beaumont in Matlock, Derbyshire and they were married in January 1784. They had twelve children of whom four died in infancy. In 1789 Swete set out on the first of his tours of Devon across Dartmoor into North Devon. This was the start of the production of twenty volumes of journals produced up until 1802 which he called "Picturesque Sketches of Devon". These were lavishly illustrated with 674

paragraph: The journals were not published in full during Swete's lifetime but remained in the possession of the family. The sections relating to Torquay were published in the "Torquay Directory" in 1871 and the "Tour Across Dartmoor in to North Devon", the first tour, was finally published in full in 1901 in "Devon Notes & Queries". During the Second World War four of the journals were destroyed during German bombing of Exeter, but the surviving handwritten "Illustrated Journals of the Reverend John Swete" were donated to the Devon Record Office in 1959. Five of the journals were published in 1984 as part of Peter Hunt's "Devon's Age of Elegance". Nearly 200 years after they were originally produced the journals were transcribed and published in full for the first time in 1997, under the editorship of Todd Gray in the four volume "Travels in Georgian Devon: The Illustrated Journals of the Reverend John Swete, 1789–1800". One of the objects of the publication, an expensive undertaking financed by subscription and containing high quality reproductions of the several hundred of Swete's watercolours, was to preserve the originals from wear and tear.

alias:
Reverend John Swete
John Tripe
Rev. Swete
Tripe Swete
John, Rev. Swete
John, Rev. Tripe

description: clergyman, artist, antiquary, historian, and topographer

wikidata_label: John Swete

wikipedia_title: John Swete


text:
Blade Runner
Springfield, Missouri
Modesto, California
wrecking yard
1928 Ford
coupé
flathead
Bonneville Speedway
Aluminum Model Toys
Ford Econoline
Mercury Comet
"Cyclone Sportster"
"Strip Star"
427
V8 engine
rod
custom car
show car
Ben Delphia
"The Reactor"
mid-engined front wheel drive
Corvair
flat six
turbocharged
Citroën DS
track
Bewitched
height adjustable suspension
Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout
"The Piranha"
The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
Phoenix, Arizona
Detroit Autorama
Summit Racing Equipment
Concept car
www.legends.thewwbc.net

categories: American automobile designers,1927 births,Living people,Vehicle modification

paragraph: Gene Winfield

paragraph: Gene Winfield (born June 16, 1927) is an American automotive customizer. In the mid-1960s, his designs caught the attention of the film community, resulting in a large body of his work being seen on screen, including in the iconic 1982 film "Blade Runner."

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Winfield was born in Springfield, Missouri in 1927. His family moved to Modesto, California, in 1929, and he grew up there. He was first exposed to cars when his older brother, Glenn, opened a wrecking yard. He bought his first car in 1942, paying $75 for the 1928 Ford coupé, and promptly added a radio antenna with foxtail (despite having no radio in the car). Later that year, the brothers opened Winfield Used Cars in Modesto.

paragraph: His second car was a 1930 Ford, powered by a 1937 flathead.

paragraph: Winfield became interested in auto racing, including driving 135 mph in a Ford Model T ("The Thing") at Bonneville Speedway in 1951. He soon opened a business in Modesto, Winfield's Custom Shop. An early innovation was in custom painting, where the two colors are carefully faded together

paragraph: Building on his experience, in 1962, Winfield joined Aluminum Model Toys (AMT) as a consultant style designer for their model kits.

paragraph: Winfield also worked with Detroit automakers who turned to craftsmen to add their custom touches to factory cars. As part of the "Ford Custom Car Caravan", Winfield developed the "Pacifica" Ford Econoline van, the Mercury Comet "Cyclone Sportster", and the "Strip Star", an aluminum bodied sports car with a powerful 427 V8 engine.

paragraph: Winfield's next aluminum-bodied project was even more ambitious. Joe Kizis, a Connecticut show promoter, held an annual Autorama (an indoor rod and custom car show) in Hartford, Connecticut. Kizis gave Winfield a $20,000 commission to build a show car, the "Autorama Special". Designed by Ben Delphia, this vehicle later became known as "The Reactor", a mid-engined front wheel drive two seater, with a very low profile due to the Corvair flat six. It showcased a light aluminum body, like the "Strip Star", but the technology went far beyond novel bodywork. Winfield took the turbocharged engine from a Corvair Corsa and mated it to the drivetrain from a Citroën DS, and retains the wide front and narrow rear track of the DS.

paragraph: An episode of "Bewitched" was written around this car and its unique abilities, including the height adjustable suspension.

paragraph: Winfield also used the Corvair engine in a more conventional Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, for "The Piranha", a car meant to show the usability of ABS plastic in automotive materials. Winfield made this car a television star as well, on The Man from U.N.C.L.E.

paragraph: AMT hired him in 1966 to manage the new Phoenix, Arizona based Speed and Custom Division Shop, which built full scale cars as promotional vehicles. After AMT closed this division in 1971, Winfield continued work in the custom auto body field in Southern California and appears as honored guest at auto related events in the US.

paragraph: Winfeld was honored as the Detroit Autorama "Builder of the Year" in 2008, and since 2013, has been on the "International Show Car Serie"s ("ISCA") circuit, chopping tops and shaping sheet metal for the crowds in a special section of each show called "The Summit Racing Equipment Chop Shop".

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Revered as "The King Of Kustoms", Winfield was featured in the 1st DVD in a series called "The Kings Of Kustoms". The series is a documentary and will highlight various car customizers, such as VooDoo Larry from Chicago, Illinois, or Alex Gambino of San Jose, California.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concept car

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jonnie King's Hall Of Fame Legends Series: www.legends.thewwbc.net

description: Automotive Designer

wikidata_label: Gene Winfield

wikipedia_title: Gene Winfield


text:
Bishop of Chichester
St Liphard at Meung-sur-Loire
Orléans
canon lawyer
University of Paris
Oxford University
canon
Chichester Cathedral
Stephen Bersted
Simon de Montfort
papal legate
Ottobon
Walter Giffard
Archbishop of York
Treasurer of Chichester
see of Chichester
Canterbury
Edward I of England
Edmund
Woodstock
Amberley
lady chapel
Chichester Cathedral

categories: 1305 deaths,Bishops of Chichester,14th-century Roman Catholic bishops,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Gilbert of St Leonard

paragraph: Gilbert de St Leonard (or Gilbert de St. Leofard; died 1305) was a medieval Bishop of Chichester.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Gilbert was probably a native of France, deriving his name from the college of St Liphard at Meung-sur-Loire near Orléans. He was trained as a canon lawyer and first appears in England in 1254, perhaps having come to England because of the suspension of the University of Paris in 1253. He taught at Oxford University until 1256, when he probably started working for the bishop of Ely. He was a canon of Chichester Cathedral by 28 December 1264. He shared the views of his bishop, Stephen Bersted, in the baronial party that was led by Simon de Montfort. He served the papal legate Ottobon in 1266. In 1268, Walter Giffard, Archbishop of York, was employing him as an official, but in the late 1270s he returned to Chichester, probably before Walter Giffard's death in 1279. By 5 April 1279 he was Treasurer of Chichester. He was elected to the see of Chichester on 30 January 1288, and consecrated on 5 September 1288 at Canterbury.

paragraph: While he was bishop, Gilbert spent lavishly on expanding his cathedral and on gifts to King Edward I of England. It was Gilbert that baptised Edward's youngest son Edmund in 1301 at Woodstock. He died on 12 February 1305 at Amberley. He was buried in the lady chapel of Chichester Cathedral, where his tomb was destroyed in 1538.

description: Bishop of Chichester

wikidata_label: Gilbert of St Leonard

wikipedia_title: Gilbert of St Leonard


text:
Isla de Pinos
Cuba
South Korea
Kwangju Biennial
Nueva Gerona
Isla de la Juventud
ArtNexus
Caracas
Venezuela
Ana Mendieta
Milton Becerra
Cuba
Alma Ruiz
Francesco Bonami
ArtNexus
kchoestudio.com
artcyclopedia.com
findarticles.com
medaid.org
artnexus.com
havana-cultura.com

categories: Cuban contemporary artists,Living people,1970 births

paragraph: Kcho

paragraph: KCHO (sometimes spelled "K'cho"), Born Alexis Leiva Machado on the Isla de Pinos (1970) is a contemporary Cuban artist. Kcho has had art showings around the world. He first attracted international attention by winning the grand prize at South Korea's Kwangju Biennial in 1995.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Alexis Leiva Machado (Kcho) was born in Nueva Gerona, Isla de la Juventud, on February 12, 1970. Son of Ignacio de Loyola Leiva Abreu, a carpenter and telecommunication technician, and Martina Primitiva Machado Cuní, better known as Martha Camacho, a tireless, hardworking woman and popular artist, he grew up alongside four other sisters in a humble and working environment.

paragraph: He did his elementary education in two primary schools, Josué País and Manuel Alcolea, and his secondary education at the Elementary Art School Leonardo Luberta, in his home town. In 1986, he enrolled in the National School of Plastic Arts (ENA) in Havana, and graduated in 1990 specializing in painting and sculpture.

paragraph: At the age of sixteen, he marked the start of his career with the personal exhibition: Kcho expone favelas, at the Centre of Plastic Arts in Nueva Gerona in the year 1986. From 1990 on, already as a professional, he begins to display his works in personal and collective exhibitions both nationally and internationally. From them all, it is indispensable to mention his graduation thesis, Paisaje popular cubano, 1990 (Cuban Popular Landscape), since one of the works that titled the exhibition allowed him to be part of the permanent collection displayed at the Fine Arts Museum of Cuba (MNBA).

paragraph: The following year, 1991, the young artist made his first personal exhibition at the MNBA for the “Artist of the Month” space, which around that time received exhibitions from great exponents of Cuban plastic arts. That same year he was awarded the Prize granted by the National Group of Art Schools’ Teachers at the Centre of Plasticايتي Arts and Design of Havana, Cuba.

paragraph: Also in 1991, he was part of the exhibition Proyectos recientes (Recent Projects) with the sculptors Alejandro Aguilera, Ángel Ricardo Ríos and Osvaldo Yero, among others, at the Arts Centre 23 y 12 in Havana.

paragraph: He took part in the travelling show Los hijos de Guillermo Tell (The Sons of William Tell) by curator Gerardo Mosquera, which was displayed at the Museum Alejandro Otero in Caracas, Venezuela and at the Library Luis Ángel Arango in Bogotá, Colombia. It gathered together artists like José Bedía, Glexis Novoa and other important representatives of the generation of ‘80 –Kcho being the youngest artist invited to the exhibition. This show was given a warm and favourable reception by both the public and the specialized critics, including the article written by Ivonne Pine that appeared in the second edition of the ArtNexus magazine under the same title as the exhibition.

paragraph: The year 1992 was significant for the arts in Cuba since it enhanced the view of strength and creativity held by the plastic arts in this country. It was marked by two important international collective exhibitions in which Kcho had the opportunity to display his work: Vont dort aus: Kuba, organized at the Forum Ludwig in Aachen, Germany, and Arte cubano actual (Current Cuban Art) coordinated by Robert Littman for the Cultural Centre of Contemporary Art from the Cultural Foundation Televisa in Mexico City. He took part as well in important international projects such as the First Biennial Barro de América (Clay of America) by curator –and also critic- Roberto Guevara at the Museum of Contemporary Art Sofía Imber in Caracas, Venezuela, where he shared exhibition spaces with Ana Mendieta (1948 – 1985), Rimel Cardillo, Milton Becerra and other important artists in the region. Other favourable occasions to broaden the perspective of Cuban art, and Kcho's perspective in particular, were the collective exhibitions La década prodigiosa (The Prodigious Decade), which grouped a selection of Cuban plastic arts from the eighties at the Museo Universitario del Chopo in Mexico City, and La ronda cubana (The Cuban Round) at the Van Reekum Museum in Apeldoorn, Holland.

paragraph: In 1993, Kcho fulfilled an extensive agenda of national and international commitments exhibiting his works in Cuba, the United States, Mexico, and Holland, among other countries.

paragraph: In 1994, he won a scholarship to the Ludwig Foundation for art studies in Aachen, Germany and he also got invitations for three important events in the art circuits. The first one came from curator Nelson Aguilar to participate in the 22nd Biennial in São Paulo, Brazil; the second one from Dan Cameron to be part of the collective exhibition Cocido y crudo (Cooked and Raw) organized at the Museum Reina Sofia in Madrid; and the third invitation came from Yiliam Yanes Godoy, curator and director of the first and significant Biennials of Havana, to become part of the exhibition La otra orilla (The Other Shore) during the Fifth Biennial of Havana held at the colonial fortress Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro –in this last event he displayed his work La regata which from that very same year belongs to the collection of the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany. La regata appears in the cover of Revolución y Cultura magazine (issue No. 5, 1994) and in Artnews, a publication specialized in arts (June 2000).

paragraph: In 1995, he participated in the 1st Kwang-Ju Biennial, Korea, where his work won the Grand Prix. That same year, in Paris, France, he was awarded the Prize for the Promotion of Arts granted by UNESCO due to the magnitude and scope of his work, for which prize an international jury must select from hundreds of applicants worldwide. The award was presented by then Director of UNESCO, Federico Mayor Zaragoza.

paragraph: Also in 1995, he made three personal exhibitions: Kcho at the Pilar i Joan Miró Foundation in Majorca, Spain; El camino de la nostalgia (The road of nostalgia) at Centre Wifredo Lam in Havana; and Tabla de salvación (Salvation) at the Espacio Abierto Gallery, also in Havana, Cuba. In these three shows the artist reinforces his interest for the subject of travels and migrations with simple but categorical installations such as El camino de la nostalgia and Lo mejor del verano (The Best Part of Summer) –the latter being also displayed at the exhibition Cocido y Crudo organized by the Museum Reina Sofía in Spain.

paragraph: Kcho represented Cuba in important collective exhibitions like: Arte nuevo de Cuba (New Art from Cuba) at the White Chapel Art Gallery in London, Great Britain, by curator Katherine Lampert; Campo (Countryside) by curator Francesco Bonami, for the opening of the Sandretto-Re Rebaudengo Foundation for the Arts, in Turin, Italy –this show was also displayed at the exhibition halls of the same Foundation in Venice, Italy; Nuestro siglo (Our Century) at the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany; Diálogos de paz (Peace Dialogues) at the United Nations Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland; La Habana – São Paulo –which grouped a sample of biennials from Cuba and Brazil, at the Centre for Cultures of the World, in Berlin, Germany; at the 1st Biennial of Johannesburg, South Africa; and at the 4th International Biennial of Istanbul, Turkey. By the end of the year 1995, Kcho had met in Havana Barbara Gladstone, from the United States, owner of the Barbara Gladstone Gallery in New York and with whom he organised two significant exhibitions that helped develop a greater awareness of his work in the United States and the rest of the world.

paragraph: In 1996, during the first of these shows, which they simply named Kcho, the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York, acquired his work Columna Infinita # 1 (Infinite Column # 1), which along with the previously acquired drawing A los ojos de la history (In the Eyes of History), 1995, represent him at the permanent collection of this museum. Thus Kcho became the artist that reopened the doors of MOMA to Cuban art, being, after Wifredo Lam, the first to be part of such a select collection.

paragraph: In 1996, the Cuban artist displayed his work at the Studio Guenzani, in Italy, and extended an invitation to the Italian young artist Giuseppe Gabellone. He also showed the exhibition Para olvidar (To Forget) at the International Center of Contemporary Art in Montreal, Canada.

paragraph: The same year, Kcho's work went to Europe as part of the exhibition about the history of Cuban art: Cuba Siglo XX. Modernidad y sincretismo (Cuba the 20th Century. Modernity and Syncretism). It travelled from the Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, through La Caixa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; the Centre d’Arte Santa Mónica, Barcelona; and the Kunsthalle Bielefeld in Germany.

paragraph: The installation Obras escogidas (Selected Works) appeared on the cover of Flash Art magazine, May/June issue, 1996.

paragraph: After being invited by curator Jan Hoet, Kcho visits Belgium to participate in the show De Rode Poort, at the Museum van Hedendaagse Kunst in Ghent. He also takes part in the exhibition Arte a través de los océanos (Art through the Oceans) at the Container 96 in Copenhagen.

paragraph: 1997 was a year with plenty of work and many important personal and collective exhibitions. At that time he had the opportunity to work with Chief Curator Paul Schimmel and Assistant Curator Alma Ruiz to organize his personal show Todo cambia (Everything Changes) for the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in Los Angeles, California; but he can't go to the opening himself because his entry visa was refused by the government of the United States – arefusal that has remained until today.

paragraph: Yet this ban to set foot on American soil stopped neither this exhibition at MOCA nor the personal show: Kcho, proyectos recientes (Kcho, Recent Projects) at the Regen Projects Gallery in Los Angeles, nor the collective exhibitions No Place Like Home at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis by curator Richard Flood and TRUCE: Ecos del arte en la edad de las conclusiones infinitas (TRUCE: Echoes of art at the age of infinite conclusions), by curator Francesco Bonami, in Santa Fe, United States.

paragraph: Other noteworthy exhibitions in 1997 were his personal show "Speaking of the Obvious Was Never a Pleasure for Us" at the Israel Museum, Billy Rose Pavilion, in Jerusalem; and the collective shows: Utopian Territories, New Art from Cuba at the Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, University of British Columbia and at the Contemporary Art Gallery, both in Vancouver, Canada; Trash at the Museo d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto, Italy; Así está la cosa: instalación y arte objeto en América Latina (That's How Things Are: installations and Object Art in Latin America), an international exhibition of modern art organized at the Cultural Centre of Contemporary Art in Mexico; and the 6th Biennial of Havana, that took place at the colonial fortress San Carlos de La Cabaña, for which he created the exhibit Archipiélago de mi pensamiento (Archipelago in My Mind) from the series Columna infinita (Infinite Column) –currently this piece belongs to a private collection in Italy.

paragraph: In 1998, just as in previous years, Kcho took part in the most important art exhibitions and biennials all over the world, such as Arco in Madrid; Dark Art in Senegal; the 3rd Biennial Barro de América and the Feria Iberoamericana de Arte in Venezuela; Cada día (Every Day), 11th Biennial in Sidney, Australia; and Expoarte in Guadalajara, Mexico.

paragraph: His work is present in the following collective shows: Visión global del nuevo arte de los noventa (Global View of the New Art of the Nineties) in Deste Foundation in Athens, Greece; and +Zone, at Palazzo Re Rebaudengo in Guarene d’Alba, Italy; to quote but a few examples.

paragraph: This same year the most outstanding personal exhibitions were Archipiélago de mi pensamiento, Serie Americana, I Kcho, at the Galerie Nationale du Jeu De Paume, Paris, France, by curator Daniel Abadie; and Largo Viaje (Long Journey), opened at the GAN Gallery in Tokyo, Japan.

paragraph: Later on in 1999, Kcho was admitted into the Atelier Calder Residence in Saché, France, after receiving the prize granted by the Calder Foundation and the Ministry of Culture of France. This award made it possible for him to live and work at the Calder studio with a subvention for the production and promotion of art works among the most important art circuits in Europe. Kcho ended his stay in France with the personal exhibition Klder. C.C.C in Tours and with the inclusion of the piece Para olvidar el miedo (To Forget the Fear) in the historic collective exhibition – which attempted to sum up the sculpture in the 20th century - Los campos de la escultura (Fields of Sculpture), located at the Elysian Fields in Paris.

paragraph: In the same year 1999, his work travelled with curator Francesco Bonami to the United States for a two-artist exhibition: Encuentros: Kcho and Nauman (Encounters: Kcho and Nauman), at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago.

paragraph: Kcho had three outstanding exhibitions during the year 2000. The first one took place in Cuba. It was titled No me agradezcan el silencio (Don't Thank Me for the Silence) and displayed at Casa de las Américas in Havana. This display allowed him to show how his ideas and projects have evolved so far after some time without exhibiting in his own country. Very soon after another show was opened, this time in Madrid, Spain: La columna infinita (The Infinite Column) at the National Museum Reina Sofia. And finally, at the United States of America, the exhibition Kcho. Dibujos (Kcho. Drawings) turned out to be his last to date at the Barbara Gladstone Gallery, since the impossibility of travelling to the United States made it very hard to meet the established obligations and to keep actual relations with this important gallery in New York.

paragraph: During his career, Kcho has kept up to date with all techniques of engraving and this passion makes him create or restore a series of Engraving Workshops all along Cuba, which facilitated the creative work of artists and students specialized in this branch of the plastic arts in the country.

paragraph: In the year 2001, he displayed "25 piedras" (25 Stones), a personal exhibition of lithographs at Taller Experimental de Gráfica (Graph Experimental Workshop) in Havana, Cuba; Diez Grabadores Cubanos (Ten Cuban Engravers) at the Fundación Provincial de Artes Plásticas Rafael Botí (Provincial Foundation of Plastic Arts Rafael Botí), Spain; and for the first time he took a personal exhibition to Isla de la Juventud, specifically to the Martha Machado Gallery, titled "En el mar no hay nada escrito" (There Is Nothing Written on the Sea). Kcho deems this show as a sort of homecoming to share with his fellow countrymen the progress made in his artistic life. There, he built the pieces for the installation La Jungla (Jungle) and exhibited part of this work before embarking it on its journey.

paragraph: In 2001, Kcho exhibited for the second time at the National Museum of Fine Arts in Havana, Cuba, with his work La Jungla. Then he participates in the exhibitions: Contemporary Art in Cuba: Irony and Survival in the Island of Utopia organized by the Spencer Museum of Art of the University of Kansas, USA; Estructuras similares a los ojos de la historia (Similar Structures in the Eyes of History) at the Tent Centrum Belldende Kunst in Rotterdam, Holland; the 1st Biennial in Valencia, Spain, by curator Aquiles Bonito Oliva; Arco 2001 in Madrid, Spain; and together with artist Kenji Yanobe, he exhibited Para Olvidar at the Shiseido Gallery in Tokyo, Japan.

paragraph: Kcho was part of the travelling portfolio Suite Europa 2001, carried out by the Dirección General de la Secretaría de Estado para la Cooperación Internacional y para Iberoamérica (General Management of the State Department for International Cooperation and Latin America) organized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Madrid, Spain.

paragraph: Moreover, in 2001, he received the Prize for the Cuban Delivery at the 4th Caribbean Biennial at the Museum of Modern Art in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

paragraph: All personal and collective exhibitions in 2002 were favourable occasions for the artist to reinforce his career and the development of his work, by making his new installations, engravings and drawings known all over the world. The national and international press echoed his achievements when articles appeared in La Rivista del Libri in Italy; Granma newspaper in Cuba, under the headline Expectativas por Kcho en Brasil (Expectations by Kcho in Brazil); Flash Art in Italy, preceded by the title La Jungla di Kcho; and ArtNexus, issue 42, just to quote a few examples.

paragraph: Among the personal shows stand out La Jungla, exhibited at the Civic Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art in Turin, Italy; Los peligros del olvido (Perils of Oblivion) at Gabriela Mistral Gallery in Santiago de Chile; El Huracán (Hurricane) at the Museum of Sculpture in São Paulo, Brazil; the exhibition Artíssima 2002, organized by the Joan Guaita Art Gallery, in Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and Kcho, el hijo de Martha (Kcho, Son of Martha) at the José Martí Memorial in Havana, Cuba, which opening was attended by Commander in Chief Fidel Castro Ruz.

paragraph: The most significant collective exhibitions were: Islas imaginarias (Imaginary Islands) that took place at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; and again in the travelling portfolio Suite Europa 2001, carried out by the Dirección General de la Secretaría de Estado para la Cooperación Internacional y para Iberoamérica, Spain.

paragraph: In the year 2003, the artist collaborated with Cuban singer-songwriter Santiago Feliú using the work Para olvidar as scenery for his concert at the National Theater of Cuba. He began travelling to Venezuela and made his first exhibition, called Archipiélago (Archipelago), at the Juan Ruiz Gallery in Maracaibo, Venezuela.

paragraph: He returned to Havana and opened the doors of his studio to show the work Archipiélago to artists and guests for the 8th Biennial in Havana, held at the Cuban capital then and where he also shared with the audience the performance Pocas palabras (Few Words).

paragraph: In 2003 Kcho kept being part of the most important exhibitions and biennials worldwide such as Arco, Madrid; Art Miami and Basel in Chicago.

paragraph: Works by his authorship were part of the lots at the auctions of Latin American Art of Christie and Sotheby's.

paragraph: In the year 2004, he participates at the Art Fair in Chicago, USA, invited by Galería Habana de Cuba, with a personal project called La conversación (Conversation). In the Cuban capital, he exhibits part of his installation Núcleos del tiempo (Time Nucleuses) at the Villa Manuela Gallery –venue of the Unión de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba, UNEAC (Association of Writers and Artists of Cuba).

paragraph: Once more his work is part of important exhibitions in Europe and the United States, as for instance: La Jungla, Openasia 2004, in Venice; Obra gráfica original. Artistas contemporáneos internacionales (Original Graphic Work. International Contemporary Artists) at Miami Beach; as part of the collection MOMA at the Museo del Barrio: Latin American and Caribbean Art, put together by the Museo del Barrio in New York; Art Miami 2004; the Fair of the Americas in Miami, among others.

paragraph: During the year 2005, he continues to present his work in galleries and museums in Venezuela, Colombia and Spain. He makes the piece Autorretrato (Self-portrait) for the Fair Arco, in Madrid, with the Joan Guaita Gallery. He is part of the important collective exhibition Nueve pintores contemporáneos cubanos (Nine Cuban Contemporary Painters) put on at the Exhibition Hall of the Quay Anthony I in the Principality of Monaco. Other personal exhibitions are Kcho, viajero inmóvil (Kcho, Still Traveller) at the Louis Carré Gallery in Paris, France, by curator Daniel Abadie; Kcho, un hombre de isla (Kcho, an islander) in Houston, Texas; Los animales (Animals) in Galería Habana, Cuba; and Kcho – Casa 5 – Las playas infinitas (Kcho – House 5 – Infinite Beaches), Atteresse Kusnt, in Salzburg, Austria.

paragraph: During this period, he reaffirms his roots working for a longer time in Cuba, not only in Havana, but also in Isla de la Juventud and Matanzas.

paragraph: In 2006, he moves to Barcelona for several months to work in a group of chalcographies at the workshops of Poligrafa, Spain. There he prepares the exhibition Paso de los vientos (Windward Passage) shown later at the Joan Prats Gallery in Barcelona. Besides, there was also the show La nave de Kcho (Kcho's Ship) for the Castillo de Santa Bárbara (Castle of Saint Barbara) in the Patronato Municipal de Alicante, by curator Pablo Rico from the Joan Miró Foundation.

paragraph: He returns to Cuba to make his popular work-installation-performance Vive y deja vivir (Live and Let Live) for the 9th Biennial of Havana at the Plaza Vieja and in La Casona Gallery.

paragraph: The same year 2006, Kcho goes to Colombia invited by the ex-president and art collector Cesar Gaviria for the exhibition Llegó el cubano (The Cuban Has Arrived) at the Alonso Garcés Gallery in Bogotá.

paragraph: He also takes part in the collective exhibitions Art Miami 2006, in the USA; Arco 2006, in Madrid and at the Louis Carré et. Cie. Gallery in Paris, France.

paragraph: At the invitation of the Marlborough Gallery, he goes to Madrid for the opening of the Chilean artist Claudio Bravo. Once there, he is proposed to be part of the select list of artists that exhibit at this renowned gallery and its venues in the important art capitals of Montecarlo, Santiago de Chile, Barcelona, Madrid, New York and London. This contract constitutes a far-reaching step for the promotion of his work.

paragraph: In 2007 he makes his first personal exhibition with Marlborough Gallery called Retrasando lo inevitable (Delaying the Inevitable) at its venue in Madrid, Spain; he also participates in other important collective exhibitions organized by this institution such as: Exhibición de verano (Summer Exhibition) at the venues in Madrid and New York, as well as in the collections shown that year at the fair Arco in Madrid and Art Miami.

paragraph: Other important personal exhibitions this year were organized at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Panama, under the title El viaje (Journey) and at the Juan Ruiz Gallery in Maracaibo, Venezuela, called El cuaderno del hombre de los pies de barro (Notebook of the Man with Mud Feet).

paragraph: Also in 2007 stands out his participation in the collective exhibitions: Cuba Avant-Garde: Contemporary Cuban Art from the Farber Collection at the University of Florida; Homing Devices at the Museum of Contemporary Art at the University of South Florida, both in the USA; and Ojos de Mar (Sea Eyes) at the Institute of Modern Art in Valencia, Spain. Once more he is part of the lots at the Latin American auctions by Sotheby's and Christie in New York, USA.

paragraph: He was part of the 1st Biennial Fin del mundo (End of the World) in Ushuaia, Argentina, with the installation Señores de la playa (Beach Lords) by curator Leonor Amarante.

paragraph: In 2008, he participates in a considerable number of national and international exhibitions such as: Cartografías de ultramar (Cartographies from Overseas) at the National Museum of Fine Arts in Havana, Cuba; El futuro del futurismo (The Future of Futurism) at the Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art in Bergamo, Italy; and at the Auction No. 156 of Latin American Art organized at the Palace Hotel in Madrid, Spain.

paragraph: His work is also part of several shows in the United States like: ¡Cuba! Los artistas experimentan en su país (Cuba! Artists Experiment in Their Country) at the Hunterdon Art Museum in New Jersey; Summer Exhibition and Latin American Art organized by the Marlborough Gallery in New York; Visiones, Centuria de Arte Latinoamericano (Visions, a Century of Latin American Art) at the Art Museum Boca Ratón in Florida; Sin rupturas: Diálogos en el arte cubano (No Ruptures: Dialogues in Cuban Art) at the Art Museum in Fort Lauderdale; NeoHooDoo: Art for a Forgotten Faith in Houston, Texas; and A Wake up Call: Cuban Contemporary Art at Tresart, Coral Gables, Florida.

paragraph: In February 2008, it is worth mentioning the profound and thoughtful project organized together with the Marlborough Gallery in New York that was called Cadena de reunificación familiar (Family Reunification Chain). Here Kcho defines new ways of approaching the migration subject, which is fundamental in the artist's work. Magazine ArtNexus No. 69 echoes this exhibition with the article Kcho. Marlborough Gallery by critic and journalist Alberto Barral.

paragraph: On June 3 of this year, Kcho donates his private collection of Cuban art to the Museo Municipal de la Isla de la Juventud, where Kcho Studio builds a Cuban Art Exhibition Hall in order to contribute to the study and knowledge of national painting. The collection amounts to a total of 52 works by fifteen of the most important Cuban artists among which we can find: Vicente Escobar, Leopoldo Romañanch, Antonio Rodríguez Morey, Eduardo Abela Villareal, Domingo Ramos, Fidelio Ponce de León, Amelia Peláez, Wifredo Lam, Marcelo Pogolotti, Luis Martínez Pedro, René Portocarrero, Mariano Rodríguez, Servando Cabrera, Raúl Martínez, and Antonia Eiriz.

paragraph: In 2008, Cuba was battered head-on by hurricanes Gustav (August 30, force four in the Saffir-Simpson scale), Ike (September 9, force four) and Paloma (November 8th, force three), all of which severely affected the island and its socioeconomic infrastructure.

paragraph: Isla de la Juventud, birthplace of artist, suffered the ravages of two of these natural phenomena, Gustav and Ike, so as an immediate response to urgent human need to restore hope and confidence in the morning entire population, founded September 6, 2008 the Art Squad "Martha Machado".

paragraph: Kcho, the Brigade managed to score more than 500 artists and renowned friends, both at national and international painters, actors, musicians, dancers, circus performers, stilt walkers, who left their individual jobs, leaving the comforts of their daily lives to live in tents and selflessly provide the best of his art. The community artists painting workshops, music and dance, with the interest of encouraging creativity and education of children and adolescents, as a palliative education for those who could not attend school because the facilities were partially or totally destroyed.

paragraph: The Brigade worked continuously throughout Cuba, where he installed a total of 13 camps. Kcho bears his study with each of the provinces to visit the Brigade. Continues to work on their drawings, sculptures and installations projects, but found that the Brigade formed a collective work of art that continues to grow and to retrieve villages, dreams and hopes.

paragraph: Experience in Cuba with all the educational work, humanitarian and social, to bring solidarity, culture and joy to the most remote places and people affected psychologically and economically, made it possible for a representation of over 70 Cuban artists of the highest level, members of the brigade "Martha Machado", traveled to the people of Haiti in March 2010 after being hit by a devastating earthquake on January 12, 2010, seriously affecting the Caribbean country's infrastructure. The brigade traveled over four thousand kilometers from their base in Port-au-Prince, to all corners of the country. From the outset the work of the Brigade placed special emphasis on children, knowing that they are the most affected and the wounds of the soul are the hardest to heal. These wounds compromise the future of a nation.

paragraph: Kcho considers this very important inspiration for the benefit provided to recipients of both art and those who provide it. Currently still working on this idea of multiplying Brigade "Martha Machado".

paragraph: In 2009, he focused his work on issues that most concern: life, man, their customs and culture, with particular emphasis on its way and movements.

paragraph: He received an invitation from Leonor Amarantes to participate in the V Latin American Biennial of Visual Arts in Curitiba, Brazil. For this particular occasion, the artist created a large installation, making the classroom of a school with all their property in a great "Archipelago in motion," this creation that becomes part of the Nuclei of Time series, the artist structure by way of a poem where he talks about the journey that the man with knowledge.

paragraph: March 2009 marked the Tenth Havana Biennial, Cuba, in which said Kcho broad participation, example of this was to install "Core Time" in the contemporary Cuban art exhibit that HB remained in the exhibition room Pabexpo B, which also presented their works artists like Luis Gomez, Rene Francisco, Sandra Ramos, The Carpenters, among others.

paragraph: But without doubt, one of the most important flags in this biennial project proved to be the curatorship Meeting Point organized by Kcho in the Convent of St. Francis of Assisi in Havana, where he includes his work history as a carousel that appears from the darkness.

paragraph: Kcho met in Havana, as a meeting point, a prestigious international contemporary art creators, such as Cai Guo-Qiang (China), Peter Nadin (USA), Patrick Tuttofuoco (Italy), Jane Alexander (South Africa), Tatsuo Miyajima (Japan), AES + F (Russia), Mariana Bunimov (Venezuela), and Patricia Gerber Jallageas Flaminio (Brazil), Shirin Neshat and Shoja Azari (Iran-US), Tomas Sanchez, Edgar Hechavarría, Luis Gomez and Yoan Capote (Cuba).

paragraph: This exhibition was a significant public acceptance of it was a unique opportunity to learn and appreciate the important work of these artists, of which echoed much of the press and abroad, as the New York Times newspaper in its issue Wednesday April 1, 2009, entitled Havana Biennial, in Which Chelsea Takes a Field Trip to Cuba.

paragraph: Other significant group shows this year, for the work of Kcho, were: I have a Dream (I have a dream) at the Carriage House Center for the Arts in New York on art paper. Ten contemporary artists, in Granada, Spain, the Summer Exhibition and the Exhibition of sculptures collectively organized by the Marlborough Gallery in Madrid and New York respectively, which met with a select roster of artists.

paragraph: In 2010 the artist received an invitation to participate with the piece's history as a carousel that appears from the darkness at the Biennale Cuvée, OK Center, Linz, Austria, and in various collective exhibitions organised annually by the Marlborough Gallery in headquarters and at international art fairs. Celebrating its 40 years, making the second edition of Live and Let Live in Central Park Line and L, in Havana, Cuba, again, with a massive public participation.

paragraph: In early 2011, he moved to Europe to participate in two solo exhibitions he organised with headquarters in Marlborough, called Recent Works (Oeuvres recentes) in Monaco and Barcelona Night View. While in the old continent formed the works exhibited at the Palace Grimani as part of the 54th Venice Biennale, entitled Monument end, curated by Vittorio Sgarbi and Luciano Caprile, with the collaboration of Tega Gallery.

paragraph: Back in Cuba he travelled to the Isla de la Juventud and continued to organise and develop the Isla de la Juventud Days Mine, Cuba, by the Revolution as part of the actions of the brigade "Martha Machado" and takes this stay in their homeland for the third edition of his performance-installation-Live and Let Live, this time within the Gallery Martha Machado.

paragraph: Currently the artist is working on several projects in Europe and America. But mostly the sample Sacrifice at the crossroads, ready to open in the coming month of November, which gives significant importance because it showed a group of important works, made between 2005 and 2011, summarizing the course of their work by making explicit its concerns about the man, his cultural essences and sorrows.

paragraph: His short career - until 2011 - more than 90 solo exhibitions and 200 group exhibitions in 35 countries. His work has been exhibited in major museums and galleries around the world, and have hosted major biennial work. Kcho has also been honored for his work as a social being, as a Cuban who loves his country. Among the most significant awards include: the distinction "National Culture" in 1998, awarded by the Ministry of Culture and in 2003 received the Medal "Abel Santamaria" award by the State Council on the proposal of the Young Communists (UJC) and the Replica of the Machete of Maximo Gomez, who delivers the minister of the FAR.

paragraph: In 2008, he was awarded the Order "Julio Antonio Mella", issued by the State Council a proposal from the National UJC, and as creator of the brigade "Martha Machado" received in 2008, in conjunction with the other members, the Flag Feat Labor conferred by CTC and the Commemorative Medal for the Bicentennial of the Republic of Haiti in 2010, for the artwork and solidarity developed in that sister nation.

paragraph: He was elected deputy of the Popular Power National Assembly in July 2003 to represent the people of the Isla de la Juventud and reelected in January 2008. Kcho received in April 2011 that gave the stamp commemorating the Central de Trabajadores de Cuba (CTC) in the 70 anniversary of its founding.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfred Weidinger: "KCHO - Casa 5 - Las Playas Infinitas". Edition Anteros, Vienna 2005,

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yvon Grenier, "Culture and the Cuban State; Participation, Recognition, and Dissonance under Communism" (Lexington Books, 2017)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- kchoestudio.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- artcyclopedia.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- findarticles.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- medaid.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- artnexus.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- havana-cultura.com

alias:
Alexis Leyva Machado
KCHO
Alexis Leyva
K'cho

description: Cuban artist

wikidata_label: Kcho

wikipedia_title: Kcho


text:
Dean of Salisbury
Bishop of Chichester
Archdeacon of Berkshire
Archdeacon of Salisbury

categories: Archdeacons of Salisbury,Bishops of Chichester,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Year of birth unknown,1438 deaths,Deans of Salisbury,Archdeacons of Berkshire

paragraph: Simon Sydenham

paragraph: Simon Sydenham (died 1438) was a medieval Dean of Salisbury and Bishop of Chichester.

paragraph: Sydenham was briefly Archdeacon of Berkshire in 1404, Archdeacon of Salisbury from 1404 to 1418 and Dean of Salisbury from 1418 to 1431.

paragraph: Sydenham was nominated to the office of Bishop of Chichester on 14 October 1429 and consecrated on 11 February 1431. He died on 26 January 1438.

description: Bishop of Chichester

wikidata_label: Simon Sydenham

wikipedia_title: Simon Sydenham


text:
Bishop of Chichester
Cornwall
Exeter College, Oxford
university
proctor
King Henry VI
Hereford
archdeacon of Richmond
Wells
Lincoln
Lichfield
Hereford
York
St Paul's
Bishop of Durham
Canon of Windsor
Chichester Cathedral

categories: Bishops of Chichester,Medieval Cornish people,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,1477 deaths,Fellows of Exeter College, Oxford,Archdeacons of Richmond,Canons of Windsor

paragraph: John Arundel (bishop of Chichester)

paragraph: John Arundel (or Arundell; died 1477) was a medieval Bishop of Chichester.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: A native of Cornwall, Arundel was a fellow of Exeter College, Oxford from 1421 to 1430, and served as university proctor in 1426. He was domestic chaplain and confessor to King Henry VI, who exerted influence on his behalf to gain him preferment in the Church, though without conspicuous success. He became precentor of Hereford in 1432, and archdeacon of Richmond in 1457, and also held prebends from Wells, Lincoln, Lichfield, Hereford, York and St Paul's; but the king failed in his attempts to have Arundel named Bishop of Durham.

paragraph: He was a Canon of Windsor from 1449 - 1459.

paragraph: Arundel was nominated to the see of Chichester on 8 January 1459, and consecrated on 3 June 1459. He died on 18 October 1477, and was buried in Chichester Cathedral.

description: Bishop of Chichester

wikidata_label: John Arundel

wikipedia_title: John Arundel (bishop of Chichester)


text:
Persian miniature paintings
Bushehr
Shiraz
Tehran
Persian literature
novel
short stories
plays
Berkeley, California
Tangsir
Davvas
temporary-basis marriage
Intellectual Movements in Iran
Persian literature
"Sadeq Chubak: An Anthology'
"Reading Chubak"
"Iranian Studies

categories: 1998 deaths,Iranian male short story writers,Iranian male novelists,20th-century novelists,People from Bushehr,1916 births,20th-century Iranian short story writers

paragraph: Sadeq Chubak

paragraph: Sādeq Chubak (, sometimes Sādegh Choubak; August 5, 1916 July 3, 1998), was an Iranian author of short fiction, drama, and novels. His short stories are characterized by their intricacy, economy of detail, and concentration on a single theme, leading some to compare them to Persian miniature paintings. Choubak was a naturalist, and his novels reflected the dark side of society. He was a very close friend of Sadegh Hedayat who was an influential writer at that time. Many of his works are currently banned.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Sadeq Chubak was born in Bushehr, where he first studied before moving to Shiraz and then Tehran. For some time he was employed the Ministry of Education and the Oil Company. Widely considered as the greatest naturalist writer in Persian literature, he has written a large bulk of works including novels, short stories, and plays. The collected stories "Puppet Show" and "The Monkey Whose Master had Died" have exercised profound influence on modern Persian literature.

paragraph: Chubak died on July 3, 1998, in Berkeley, California, U.S.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: In his works, Chubak studies the lives of the downtrodden people of the society who are victimized by iniquities and natural deterministic forces. Sympathetic to the sorrows and miseries of such people, he offers one single solution, combating corruption and injustice.

paragraph: His novel "Tangsir" details the valorous acts of the fighters in Tangestan. It has been translated in many languages. The setting of this story is Davvas (also دواس) inhabitted mostly by people migrating from other parts of Bushehr province including Tangestan. Irked by social injustice, the protagonist, Zar Mohammad, takes justice in his own hands and fights the social iniquities. Zar Mohammad has earned a considerable sum of money and embarks on trading but he is ripped out of his money by the governor. Bitterly despaired by the delay or absence of justice, he takes a gun and kills his enemies one by one. After the killing of the frauds, he is dubbed Shir Mohammad (lion-hearted Mohammad) by the villagers. The theme of justice and revenge fills the entire ambience of the novel. Once the law is too slow to mete out justice to the ones who deserve it, anarchy will prevail with the consequence that people will decide their own fate and exercise justice in the light of their own definition of the concept. After long ordeals, Shir Mohammad escapes the grip of the law. Chubak laments the social injustice and the blind ignorance of the lawmakers. The quest for justice turns into a messianic mission for the protagonist who comes to be viewed by other villagers as a man who is tasked with liberating them from the tyrannous hands.

paragraph: After the publication of "The Last Alms" and "The First Night of the Grave" Chubak wrote his novel "The Patient Stone" which is a great modern novel in Persian literature. This novel details the events in a neighborhood. One of the neighbors called ‘Gowhar’ is lost and the characters talk about her from their own point of view. Gowhar is the wife of Hajj Ismail the merchant. Since her child has a nosebleed in the shrine, she is accused of adultery and driven out of her home. Now she earns her living on a temporary-basis marriage with different men. The story begins with her loss and ends with the discovery of her body among the victims of Seif al-Qalam, the killer of whores. All the characters of the novel are infernally captivated by their desires and deterministic powers. They are all exposed to threats of death, rape, and violence. The destructive influence of superstitions is clearly discernible in their lives. The novel is divided into 26 sections, each section narrated through free association. Gowhar is absent in the novel but she constitutes the main talk of the characters. Gowhar which literally means jewel can be taken as a symbol for the lost jewel of humanity in the society. Chubak depicts a very brutal world in which people are extremely mortified and they cannot bear the sight of each other.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Intellectual Movements in Iran

paragraph: BULLET::::- Persian literature

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deborah Miller Mostaghel, "The Second Sadeq: The Short Stories of Iranian Writer Sadeq Chubak," World Literature Today, 53, no. 2 (1979): 227-231

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jahangir Dorri, "The Satire of Sadeq Chubak," in Critical Perspectives on Modern Persian Literature, ed. Thomas M. Ricks (Washington DC, 1984), 327-328

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kinga Markus, "Experiments with the Kunstlerroman in the Modern Persian Fiction: The Patient Stone of Sadeq Chubak and The Night's Journey of Bahman Sholevar", The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies, 3 (1985): 225-239

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- F. R. C. Bagley, "Sadeq Chubak: An Anthology'', (Delmar, 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. R. Ghanoonparvar, "Reading Chubak" (Washington DC, 2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liora Hendelman-Baavur, "Grotesque Corporeality and Literary Aesthetics in Sadeq Chubak's The Patient Stone", "Iranian Studies", Vol. 47, No. 4 (July 2014): 569-593

description: Iranian novelist

wikidata_label: Sadeq Chubak

wikipedia_title: Sadeq Chubak


text:
Malandela
Zulu
Nguni people
Qwabe
Zulu language
Mozambique

paragraph: Zulu kaMalandela

paragraph: Zulu kaMalandela (1627–1709), son of Malandela, was the founder and chief of the Zulu clan which came from the Nguni people. The Zulus and the Qwabes come from the Ngunis, when the King of the Ngunis Malandela died he divided the Kingdom into two clans, The Qwabes and the Zulus. In the Zulu language, Zulu means Sky.

paragraph: When his father Malandela died, his eldest son Qwabe fought his younger brother Zulu, causing his younger brother Zulu, along with his people (Zulus) to be exiled from the land of Ngunis and Mambos because they killed more people in that fight and they became wanderers ("izinzula").

paragraph: He led his followers north of the land of the Ngunis and settled in a country called Mozambique in our days, that is where he first encountered the Portuguese people who were led by Kapitano. He traded with the Portuguese.

description: Zulu King

wikidata_label: Zulu kaMalandela

wikipedia_title: Zulu kaMalandela


text:
Atkinson, Nebraska
pediatric
brain cancer
Rex Burkhead
football
Nebraska Cornhuskers football
Barack Obama
Best Moment ESPY Award
United States Senate
grand mal seizure
Children's Hospital & Medical Center
Omaha
Nebraska
brain tumor
anticonvulsant
neurosurgeon
glioma
pediatric
brain cancer
Boston Children's Hospital
Life Skills
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Athletic Department
football
Rex Burkhead
Memorial Stadium
Ohio State
ABC
Wisconsin
Bo Pelini
quarterback
Taylor Martinez
YouTube
Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Boston
Massachusetts
Oval Office
Upper Deck Company
Dick Vitale
Sarasota Herald-Tribune
ESPY Award
Best Moment ESPY Award
USA Today
Sportsman of the Year
Sports Illustrated
Deb Fischer
Team Jack Foundation
Jack Hoffman's touchdown run

categories: 2005 births,People with cancer,Living people

paragraph: Jack Hoffman

paragraph: Jack Hoffman (born September 26, 2005) from Atkinson, Nebraska, has pediatric brain cancer. In 2012, between his first and second brain surgeries, he was introduced to Rex Burkhead, then a football player for the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team. Subsequently, a close connection developed between Hoffman and the team. On April 6, 2013, at the annual Nebraska spring game, Hoffman at age 7 entered the game during the fourth quarter and ran for a touchdown that received national and international attention. He subsequently met with President Barack Obama, received a Best Moment ESPY Award for 2013, and the United States Senate approved a motion recognizing his role in raising awareness of pediatric brain cancer. The Team Jack Foundation was formed by his parents, Andy and Bri Hoffman, to raise money for pediatric brain research.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Hoffman was born and is growing up in Atkinson, Nebraska. His parents are Andy and Bri Hoffman and he has two sisters, Ava and Reese.

paragraph: On April 22, 2011 Hoffman was having breakfast with his parents when he became unresponsive. He was rushed to the local hospital in Atkinson, Nebraska, where he had a grand mal seizure lasting 30 minutes.

paragraph: He was then flown to Children's Hospital & Medical Center in Omaha, Nebraska, due to the life-threatening seizure.

paragraph: He was subsequently diagnosed with a brain tumor. While at the hospital, Hoffman continued to have up to 10 to 12 seizures per day even though he was taking anticonvulsant medication. On May 20, 2011 he had surgery, but the neurosurgeon could only remove a small portion of the tumor. Subsequent pathology showed that it was a cancerous glioma, pediatric brain cancer. Hoffman's parents then consulted Boston Children's Hospital for a second opinion. Neurosurgeon Liliana Goumnerova told the Hoffmans that she could remove the golf-ball sized tumor.

paragraph: On October 10, 2011, Hoffman had a second surgery. Over 90% of the tumor was removed and the seizures stopped.

paragraph: Surgery was followed by another 60 weeks of chemotherapy.

paragraph: In October 2013, Hoffman's father reported that an MRI revealed that the remaining tumor was the same as in an MRI done in June, 2013, indicating that the cancerous tumor was not growing.

paragraph: As of April 2014, his cancer was still in remission.

paragraph: Section::::Touchdown run.

paragraph: During the time between Hoffman's first and second surgeries, his father called Keith Zimmer who was the associate director of Life Skills at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Athletic Department. He wanted to get a picture of his son with his favorite Nebraska football player, Rex Burkhead. Burkhead agreed and met the family in September 2011. He had lunch with the Hoffman family, showed them Memorial Stadium, and decided he wanted to keep in touch with Hoffman. On Friday, October 7, 2011, Burkead called Hoffman before his second surgery to wish him well. The next day Nebraska played Ohio State in a game nationally televised by ABC, and ABC announcers mentioned Hoffman's story. At halftime of the game, Nebraska trailed Ohio State 20-6. At that time Burkhead thought about Hoffman and he said to his teammates "Jack's not giving up and we're not giving up." Nebraska ended up winning the game, 34-27, which was the largest comeback in Nebraska football history.

paragraph: In September 2012, Hoffman walked with the Nebraska players on to the field for their game against Wisconsin. In April 2013, as the spring football game neared, Jeff Jamrog (Assistant Athletic Director for Football) had the idea of getting Hoffman into the spring game. He ran the idea by football coach Bo Pelini the night before the game and Pelini approved. Jamrog told the Hoffmans about their plan to get Jack into the game that night and the Hoffmans quickly made a uniform for him to wear the next day.

paragraph: During the game, the Hoffmans were on the sidelines with the team. As the fourth quarter began, the Red team had fourth down and one yard to go on their own 32 yard line. Pelini called timeout and sent Hoffman into the game wearing number 22 (Rex Burkhead's number). As the play began, Nebraska quarterback Taylor Martinez initially guided Hoffman in the right direction and then he ran for a touchdown. When he reached the end zone, the players lifted him onto their shoulders in front of 60,174 people at Memorial Stadium.

paragraph: The story leading up to the touchdown run and the video of the run were covered extensively nationally and internationally.

paragraph: By April 16, 2013, a YouTube video of the touchdown run had been viewed over seven million times.

paragraph: Section::::Team Jack.

paragraph: After Rex Burkhead met Hoffman, a bond began to grow between him and the Nebraska football team. The players decided to start an initiative to raise money for cancer research they called "Team Jack." Team Jack sold 30,000 T-shirts and collected $275,000 in donations, which they gave to the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts. The Hoffman family subsequently established the Team Jack Foundation, which has raised almost $1.5 million for pediatric brain cancer research.

paragraph: Section::::Awards, celebrity, and influence.

paragraph: On April 29, 2013, the Hoffman family and Rex Burkhead met with President Barack Obama in the Oval Office for 15 minutes. Obama told Hoffman that he was proud of him and gave him a football. When asked about his meeting with the president, Hoffman replied "I thought it was awesome."

paragraph: In May, 2013, Upper Deck Company made a "Star Rookie" trading card for Hoffman. Upper Deck's sports marketing manager explained why they created the trading card: "Jack is the type of inspirational athlete who absolutely deserves an Upper Deck rookie card." The sale of the cards has brought in $50,000 for the Team Jack Foundation. After attending the May 16, 2014, 19th Annual Dick Vitale Gala, where Hoffman signed a trading card for Dick Vitale, the "Sarasota Herald-Tribune" wrote: "Yes, he may be an 8-year-old celebrity, but really, he’d much rather be a regular kid."

paragraph: Hoffman won an ESPY Award for Best Moment ESPY Award in 2013.

paragraph: Hoffman's touchdown run was listed fifth in The Best Emotional Moment in sports for 2013 by "USA Today".

paragraph: Hoffman was also one of five nominees for Sportsman of the Year by "Sports Illustrated" in 2013.

paragraph: Senator Deb Fischer offered a resolution to the Senate that states that pediatric brain cancer is a leading cause of death. The resolution also singles out Hoffman's touchdown run for increasing awareness of pediatric brain cancer:

paragraph: Section::::Cancer returns.

paragraph: On August 5, 2014, Hoffman found out that his tumor had grown since his April, 2014 MRI. His father reported that in April, there was a spot in his scan, but that they had hoped that it was nothing. Hoffman will likely undergo further chemotherapy or surgery. After consultation with Hoffman's medical team, in mid-August 2014, his parents decided to pursue a clinical trial in Boston involving a genetic therapy approach in part because the cancer has spread to the brain stem making surgery difficult. After the 13-month clinical trial, Hoffman has been off cancer treatment since 2015.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team Jack Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jack Hoffman's touchdown run

description: Pediatric brain cancer patient

wikidata_label: Jack Hoffman

wikipedia_title: Jack Hoffman


text: computer scientist

text: human–computer interaction

text: Xerox PARC

text: Apple

text: Amazon

text: Yahoo!

text: modeless

text: vi

text: Gypsy

text: New York City

text: Bronx High School of Science

text: Stanford University

text: computer science

text: Horace Enea

text: Midpeninsula Free University

text: Procrastination

text: Gypsy

text: word processor

text: Smalltalk

text: Copy and paste

text: Tim Mott

text: Gypsy

text: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center

text: AppleNet

text: Advanced Technology Group

text: Lisa

text: Macintosh

text: Niklaus Wirth

text: object-oriented language

text: Pascal

text: Object Pascal

text: MacApp

text: Apple Newton

text: Stagecast Software

text: Alan Kay

text: AI effect

text: List of programmers

text: List of computer scientists

text: Law of conservation of complexity

text: Larry Tesler home page

text: Publications by Larry Tesler

text: Computer History Museum

text: Oral History Interview

text: Founders

text: 1999 Lecture on Novice Programming

text: Larry Tesler home page

text: Publications by Larry Tesler

text: Computer History Museum

text: Oral History Interview

text: Founders

text: 1999 Lecture on Novice Programming

categories: Stanford University alumni,1945 births,The Bronx High School of Science alumni,Living people,Apple Inc. employees

paragraph: Larry Tesler

paragraph: Lawrence Gordon Tesler (born April 24, 1945) is a computer scientist who works in the field of human–computer interaction. Tesler has worked at Xerox PARC, Apple, Amazon, and Yahoo!.

paragraph: Tesler has a strong preference for modeless software, in which a user's action has a consistent effect, rather than changing its meaning depending on previous actions, as in the vi text editor. His Gypsy editor, for example, provided a 'click and type' interface in which the user could, at any time, enter text at the current insertion point, or click where the insertion point should be repositioned. Previously, most editors used the keyboard to enter text or to issue commands, depending on the current mode. To promote his preference, as of 2010, Tesler equipped his Subaru automobile with a personalized California license plate with the license number "NO MODES". Along with others, he has also been using the phrase "Don't Mode Me In" for years, as a rally cry to eliminate or reduce modes.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tesler grew up in New York City and graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1961. He went on to Stanford University, where he studied computer science in the 1960s, and worked for a time at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. With Horace Enea, he designed Compel, an early single assignment language. This functional programming language was intended to make concurrent processing more natural and was used to introduce programming concepts to beginners.

paragraph: In the late 1960s, Tesler became involved in the Midpeninsula Free University, where he delivered classes about topics such as "How to end the "IBM" Monopoly", "Computers Now", and "Procrastination".

paragraph: In the 1970s, from 1973 to 1980, Tesler worked at Xerox PARC, where some of his main projects were the Gypsy word processor and Smalltalk. Copy and paste was first implemented in 1973-1976 by Tesler and Tim Mott, while they were working on Gypsy for Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.

paragraph: In 1980, Tesler moved to Apple Computer, holding various positions including Vice President of AppleNet, Vice President of the Advanced Technology Group, and Chief Scientist. He worked on the Lisa team, and was enthusiastic about the development of the Macintosh as the successor to the Lisa.

paragraph: In 1985, Tesler worked with Niklaus Wirth on adding object-oriented language extensions to the Pascal programming language, calling the new language Object Pascal. He was also involved in the development of the MacApp, one of the first "class libraries" for application development. Eventually, these two technologies became Apple products.

paragraph: Starting in 1990, Tesler led the efforts of developing the Apple Newton, initially as Vice President of the Advanced Development Group, and then as Vice President of the Personal Interactive Electronics division.

paragraph: In 1991, Tesler contributed the article "Networked Computing in the 1990s" to "Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks", September, 1991.

paragraph: Tesler left Apple in 1997 to co-found Stagecast Software, which allowed him to 'use' his enthusiasm for kids' programming and use of computers, an enthusiasm he acquired mainly at Xerox PARC, where he worked in Alan Kay's Learning Research Group.

paragraph: Tesler joined Amazon in 2001; in 2004, he became the company's Vice President of Shopping Experience. In 2005, he joined Yahoo! as Vice President of Yahoo!'s User Experience and Design group.

paragraph: In November 2008, Tesler left Yahoo to join personal genetics information company 23andMe, as Product Fellow. Since December 2009, he has been an independent consultant.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AI effect

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of programmers

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of computer scientists

paragraph: BULLET::::- Law of conservation of complexity

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Larry Tesler home page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Publications by Larry Tesler from Interaction-Design.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computer History Museum, Larry Tesler Oral History Interview

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stagecast site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Founders

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 Lecture on Novice Programming

paragraph: BULLET::::- Larry Tesler home page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stagecast site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Founders

description: American computer scientist

wikidata_label: Larry Tesler

wikipedia_title: Larry Tesler


text: 20th President of Colombia

text: Secretary General

text: Organization of American States

text: liberal party

text: Minister of Government

text: Minister of Foreign Affairs

text: Minister of National Education

text: Alfonso López Pumarejo

text: National University of Colombia

text: Carlos Lleras Restrepo

text: Bogotá

text: Colombian Liberal Party

text: Colombian Chamber of Representatives

text: Alfonso López Pumarejo

text: Darío Echandía

text: United Nations

text: Mariano Ospina Pérez

text: Semana

text: Organization of American States

categories: Politicians from Bogotá,Ambassadors of Colombia to the United States,Colombian journalists,Foreign ministers of Colombia,Colombian Liberal Party politicians,People from Bogotá,Lleras family,Presidential Designates of Colombia,Colombian Ministers of Government,Colombian Ministers of National Education,1990 deaths,Secretaries General of the Organization of American States,Colombian people of Spanish descent,Maria Moors Cabot Prize winners,Male journalists,1906 births,Presidents of Colombia

paragraph: Alberto Lleras Camargo

paragraph: Alberto Lleras Camargo (3 July 1906 – 4 January 1990) was the 20th President of Colombia (1958–1962), and the 1st Secretary General of the Organization of American States (1948–1954). A journalist and liberal party politician, he also served as Minister of Government, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and as Minister of National Education in the administrations of President Alfonso López Pumarejo. He briefly attended the National University of Colombia in Bogotá to study politics, but dropped out later to pursue journalism.

paragraph: Lleras Camargo served as congressman of Colombia. He was also a cousin of later president Carlos Lleras Restrepo. He died in 1990 after suffering a long illness.

paragraph: Section::::Early Political Career and First Presidency.

paragraph: He attended the traditional Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario. In 1929, he was elected deputy assemblyman on the Bogotá city council, his first entrance into politics. The following year he became Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Colombian Liberal Party and in 1931, he was elected to the Colombian Chamber of Representatives. That same year, he became the first Liberal to preside over the Chamber in more than forty years.

paragraph: After Alfonso López Pumarejo was elected President of Colombia in 1934, Lleras Camargo was named Cabinet Secretary. In 1935, he became the Minister of Government, a position he occupied until the end of López Pumarejo’s presidential term in 1938. In 1938, he founded the newspaper "El Liberal", which promoted López Pumarejo’s re-election. In 1941, he returned to and once again presided over the Chamber of Representatives. When López Pumarejo was re-elected president in 1942, he once again named Lleras Camargo the Minister of Government. Aside from a brief interruption in 1943, when Lleras Camargo became the Colombian Ambassador to the United States, he occupied that position until 1944, when intense political instability disrupted López Pumarejo’s presidency. In July 1944, after López Pumarejo stepped down, Lleras Camargo fought off a coup attempt against Darío Echandía, who had been temporarily designated as president.

paragraph: In 1945, he became Minister of Foreign Relations, and in that capacity, represented Colombia at the Chapultepec Conference and the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, which created the United Nations. But that same year, the Senate named designated him as Acting President, a position he occupied until 1946, when Conservative Mariano Ospina Pérez was elected president. At only thirty-nine years-old, he became one of the youngest Acting Presidents in Colombian history. During his short year in office, the Greater Colombian Merchant Fleet was founded and the Constitutional Reform of 1945 completed.

paragraph: Section::::Founding of the Organization of American States.

paragraph: After leaving the presidency in 1946, Lleras Camargo founded the highly regarded news magazine "Semana". Owing to the respect and prestige he had earned as Minister of Foreign Relations and President of Colombia, he was named Director of the Pan American Union in 1947. He launched a restructuring effort, which culminated in the founding the Organization of American States in 1948. Lleras Camargo served as the first General Secretary between 1948-1949 and later completed a full five-year term between 1950 and 1954. During his second term, the organization became more consolidated as a hemispheric organization, with increased continental participation.

description: Colombian journalist and politician

wikidata_label: Alberto Lleras Camargo

wikipedia_title: Alberto Lleras Camargo


text: Manchester Union Leader

text: Manchester

text: New Hampshire

text: conservative

text: New Hampshire primary

text: Washington, DC

text: William Loeb, Jr.

text: Theodore Roosevelt

text: The Hotchkiss School

text: Williams College

text: Smith College

text: St. Albans, Vermont

text: World War II

text: William Franklin Knox

text: WMUR-TV

text: Reno

text: Nevada

text: Beverly

text: Massachusetts

text: Haverhill

text: Bridgeport

text: Connecticut

text: New York World

text: Hearst Corporation

text: Neighborhood News, Inc.

text: NewHampshire.Com

text: Edmund Muskie

text: Canuck letter

text: Walter R. Peterson, Jr.

text: marijuana

text: Meldrim Thomson, Jr.

text: Delaware

text: Jimmy Hoffa

text: Biography

text: Time Magazine: Loeb Blow, 1/12/1976

text: Nackey S. Loeb School of Communications

categories: American anti-communists,New Hampshire Republicans,Old Right (United States),20th-century American businesspeople,1905 births,1981 deaths,Williams College alumni,Hotchkiss School alumni,Massachusetts Republicans,Nevada Republicans,People from Manchester, New Hampshire,American newspaper publishers (people)

paragraph: William Loeb III

paragraph: William "Bill" Loeb III (December 26, 1905 – September 14, 1981), was publisher of the "Manchester Union Leader" newspaper (later "The New Hampshire Union Leader") in Manchester, New Hampshire, for thirty-five years from 1946 until his death. His unyieldingly conservative political views helped to make "The Union Leader" one of the best-known small papers in the country. The publication benefited from nationwide attention every four years during the New Hampshire primary.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Loeb was born in Washington, DC on December 26, 1905, the son of William Loeb, Jr. (1866–1937) and Catharine (sometimes "Katherine") Dorr.

paragraph: His father was executive secretary to Theodore Roosevelt, and a nationally known figure in his own day. Loeb's grandfather was William Loeb, I, a German immigrant of Jewish descent. Loeb's siblings were Louisa Loeb-Neudorf, Amelia Olive Loeb and Lillian May Loeb.

paragraph: Young Loeb attended The Hotchkiss School and Williams College, and soon met and married Elizabeth Nagy, a faculty member at nearby Smith College. They were married on May 29, 1926. Nagy was eight years older than Loeb, and his parents objected to the matrimony. Loeb's father excluded him from his will in light of the marriage. The couple divorced six years later on October 11, 1932, and Loeb received alimony from Nagy for several years. Later in his life, Loeb made efforts to hide the marriage, and records of the divorce (Loeb v. Loeb F-3144) were found missing at the time they were to be archived on microfiche.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Loeb partnered with his friend Charlie Weaver to buy the "St. Albans Messenger" in St. Albans, Vermont, in 1941 to enter the publishing arena. Loeb also received cash investments from a woman named Marka Loening, who indulged in an extramarital affair with Loeb while waiting for her divorce from her estranged husband to be finalized. Loeb later used funding from Loening to buy the "Burlington Daily News" in 1942. One of Loeb's first infamous journalistic exploits was the publishing of his own baptismal certificate on the front page of both Vermont papers in an attempt to disprove rumors of his Jewish ancestry.

paragraph: Loeb cited ulcers for his medical exemption from service during World War II, allegedly drinking large quantities of alcohol before doctor's visits to ensure flare-ups.

paragraph: In 1946, Loeb secured funding from Ridder Publications to buy the "Manchester Union" and the "Evening Leader" from Annie Reid Knox, the widow of former Navy Secretary William Franklin Knox. Mrs. Knox later regretted the sale, claiming she had not seen how Loeb handled his Vermont newspapers, and claiming that Loeb did not mention the involvement of the Ridder family. Loeb used $250,000 in funding from his mother's accounts to fund the purchase of his share in the papers, and in 1948 used an additional $300,000 to buy out other shareholders and gain complete control of the papers, which he then merged into the "Union Leader".

paragraph: In 1947, Loeb brought in investor Leonard Finder as a business partner in the paper. Marka Loening, increasingly resentful of the presence of Scripps-Howard heiress Elizabeth "Nackey" Scripps-Gallowhur in the newspaper offices, withdrew her interests in Loeb's papers that same year. Loeb's mother had been under the impression that he and Loening were to be married, but discovered upon Loening's departure that Loeb had been secretly married to Vermont resident Eleanore McAllister since 1942. Afterwards, Loeb publicly disclosed the marriage in his papers, but claimed it had taken place in 1947 and not 1942.

paragraph: Meanwhile, new competition emerged in Manchester with the return of Bernard J. "B.J." McQuaid, a former "Manchester Union" reporter under the tenure of Colonel Knox, from military service in Europe. McQuaid founded a rival paper, "The New Hampshire Sunday News", with his brother, Elias. Loeb quickly wooed Bernard McQuaid over to the "Union Leader", and bought the "Sunday News" outright in 1948. With no other statewide media (radio signals being blocked by mountains, and other papers only local to their towns), Loeb essentially gained a media monopoly in the state for himself. He tried, but failed, to win the license for the only television station licensed in the state, WMUR-TV.

paragraph: Loeb's wife McAllister gave birth to a daughter, Katharine Penelope, on October 29, 1948.

paragraph: In 1949, Loeb used the additional $300,000 from his mother and cash from various state politicians he endorsed to buy out Leonard Finder. Also in 1949, Loeb founded the "Vermont Sunday News", largely a copy of the New Hampshire edition's content.

paragraph: On August 5, 1949, Loeb took Nackey Gallowhur to meet his mother in New York City. There, George Gallowhur, Nackey's husband, attempted to serve her divorce papers. Loeb refused to permit Gallowhur's agents from serving her, and he was jailed briefly for interfering. Gallowhur sued Loeb for alienation of affection in accordance with an old Vermont law. Mrs. Loeb, infuriated at her son's mistreatment of Eleanore, excluded Bill from her will and sued him for the one million dollars in funding he obtained from her to finance his acquisitions of the "Union Leader" in 1946 and 1949.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Loeb continued to see Nackey. In 1949, he fired the print staff at his Vermont newspapers when they attempted to unionize. Nackey was initially placed in charge of printing, but the couple left the state in 1952 in the wake of his mother's lawsuit, and moved to Reno, Nevada, where Loeb sued for divorce from McAllister and then married Nackey Gallowhur. The Vermont papers flailed in the absence of Loeb's attention, and also suffered from negative reader and advertiser reaction to his opinionated absentee editorials. The "Daily News" ceased operations in 1959. Loeb did not visit the St. Albans paper offices again until 1973.

paragraph: In 1950, Loeb repeated his baptismal certificate stunt, this time on the "Union Leader" front page. He again hoped to dispel gossip about his Jewish heritage, this time in the wake of controversy surrounding his political endorsements.

paragraph: Loeb moved to Pride's Crossing outside Beverly, Massachusetts, in 1955 to be closer to his New England newspaper operations. In 1957, he attempted to launch a paper in nearby Haverhill, the "Haverhill Journal", but the publication proved to be a drain on the staff and presses shared with his other newspapers. The "Journal" folded in 1965, and Loeb blamed union activity for the closure. During a newspaper strike in Boston, he imported copies of the "Union Leader" into the city, but stopped after incorrect sports information in the publication led to threats from figures in the city's crime world. Loeb purchased the rights to the "Connecticut Sunday Herald" name (but not its presses), and relaunched it from Bridgeport, Connecticut, but once again his editorial stances alienated readers, and the paper closed.

paragraph: Loeb's mother, Katherine Dorr-Loeb, died on November 24, 1968. Her will acknowledged Loeb's siblings, ex-wife Eleanore McAllister, and his daughter Katharine Penelope, but left him nothing. He filed suit, beginning a five-year legal battle that lasted through 1973 and rose to the Vermont Supreme Court, claiming that he had reconciled with his mother and that she had promised him 75 percent of her estate. He settled for less than 10 percent, after her estate had been drained of the bulk of its funds through his legal maneuvering. Loeb separated himself from Eleanore and Katharine Penelope. When his daughter suffered a near-fatal injury in an equestrian accident the next year and lost a kidney, Loeb refused to speak to her.

paragraph: Loeb's journalism résumé was the subject of skepticism in 1974, when he claimed in a front-page editorial to have worked for the Hearst conglomerate, as a reporter for the "New York World" for eight years before buying his St. Albans paper. Hearst Corporation denied he had ever been employed there, and the "World" had actually ceased operations eight years before Loeb said he had started work there. "Toledo Blade" chairman Paul Block, Jr. also denied ever seeing Loeb on the assignments he claimed to have worked.

paragraph: William Loeb died in 1981 and left control of the "Union Leader" to his wife, Nackey. She suffered partial paralysis in a 1977 automobile accident, but continued to publish the paper until her death in 2000, when control fell to Bernard McQuaid's son, Joseph McQuaid. The "Union Leader" now operates several weekly community papers under the Neighborhood News, Inc. name in southern New Hampshire, the "New Hampshire Mirror", a biweekly women's magazine, and the NewHampshire.Com website.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Loeb is best known for his unyielding conservatism. "The Union Leader" already tilted Republican editorially when he bought it, but veered sharply to the right after his purchase. Since then, the paper has been one of the most conservative newspapers in the nation.

paragraph: Loeb is best remembered nationally for his alleged role in attacking Edmund Muskie through "The Union Leader" in what is known locally as the Canuck letter, derailing the Maine senator's 1972 presidential bid. Loeb is said to have helped in the forgery and publication of the letter in the paper's op-ed section. The letter slandered French-Canadians, and implied Muskie was prejudiced against them. Muskie's emotional defense of himself in front of the "Union Leader" offices in Manchester was seen as a sign of weakness and instability. Muskie later claimed that there were not tears in his eyes, as many papers reported, but rather snowflakes (as it had been snowing that evening).

paragraph: Loeb also gained infamy in the 1970s for attacking then-governor Walter R. Peterson, Jr.'s teenage daughter for allegedly advocating the use of marijuana. She suffered an emotional breakdown as a result of the stress and public scrutiny thrust upon her in the wake of the allegations. Loeb was instrumental in the victory of Meldrim Thomson, Jr., in the next gubernatorial election, and remained a political ally of Thomson's until Loeb's death.

paragraph: William and Nackey had one daughter, Edith Roosevelt Loeb-Tomasko. Nackey and George Gallowhur had a daughter from their marriage, Nackey E. Gallowhur-Scagliotti. Both daughters operate the Nackey S. Loeb School of Communications.

paragraph: Author Kevin Cash published a biography of Loeb entitled "Who the Hell IS William Loeb?" in 1975. Loeb's legal threats forced Cash to create his own publishing company, incorporated in Delaware, out of Loeb's reach. After four New Hampshire publishers balked at printing it, Cash had the book printed in Vermont.

paragraph: In New Hampshire, his major legacy is an anti-tax pledge that has been taken not only

paragraph: by all Republicans seeking gubernatorial nomination, but all Democrats who have successfully been elected.

paragraph: Loeb did not hesitate to castigate fellow Republicans, once writing: "This newspaper now solemnly charges that President Eisenhower has done more to destroy the respect, honor and power of the United States than any President in its history." "(Editorial, "Prince Of Appeasement," June 23, 1955, referring to the Austrian Treaty that allowed the Soviet Union to continue influence over Austria.)" Loeb also stood alone among conservatives in his staunch support for Jimmy Hoffa, despite otherwise being a foe of labor.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gfroerer, John. "Powerful as Truth: William Loeb and 35 Years of New Hampshire." Concord [N.H.]: Accompany Video, 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Veblen, Eric. "The Manchester Union Leader in New Hampshire Elections." New York: HarperCollins, 1975.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Time Magazine: Loeb Blow, 1/12/1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nackey S. Loeb School of Communications

paragraph: BULLET::::- Accompany Video, producers of "Powerful as Truth"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family Tree of Nackey Scripps Gallowhur Loeb

description: newspaper publisher

wikidata_label: William Loeb III

wikipedia_title: William Loeb III


href: Italy mathematician Academy Republic%20of%20Venice Venice Catholic priest San%20Mois%C3%A8%2C%20Venice philosophy Turin

text:
Italian
mathematician
academic
Republic of Venice
Venice
Catholic
priest
church of San Moisè
philosophy
Turin

wikipedia_title:
Italy
Mathematician
Academy
Republic of Venice
Venice
Catholic Church
Priest
San Moisè, Venice
Philosophy
Turin

categories: Italian priests,Republic of Venice scientists,Republic of Venice clergy,18th-century deaths,People from Venice,Italian mathematicians

paragraph: Nicolao Colletti

paragraph: Nicolao Colletti also written Coletti (18th century) was an Italian mathematician and academic of the Republic of Venice.

paragraph: Born in Venice, he was a Catholic priest in the church of San Moisè and a professor of philosophy.

paragraph: In collaboration with his brother Sebastiano, a bookseller and publisher, he began a new edition of "L'Italia Sacra" in 1717, which ended in 1722 with the 10th volume.

paragraph: In 1787 his book about mathematics "Dissertazioni d'algebra" was published in Turin.

description: sec. 18.

wikidata_label: Nicolao Colletti

wikipedia_title: Nicolao Colletti