text: fl.

text: poet

text: Henry II of England

text: Francien

text: Anglo-Norman

text: Latin

text: Middle English

text: Breton

text: Lais of Marie de France

text: Aesop's Fables

text: Middle English

text: Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick

text: saint's life

text: The Life of Saint Audrey

text: romance/heroic literature genre

text: Shaftesbury

text: Henry II, King of England

text: Reading

text: Marie I of Boulogne

text: Barking

text: The Lais of Marie de France

text: Breton lais

text: minstrels

text: Guigemar

text: Ysopet

text: Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick

text: La Vie seinte Audree

text: Saint Audrey

text: Ely

text: Henry II of England

text: Henry the Young King

text: Fables

text: William of Mandeville

text: William Marshall

text: William Longsword

text: Eleanor of Aquitaine

text: Denis Piramus

text: Christine de Pizan

text: Hrotsvitha

text: Héloïse

text: Bridget of Sweden

text: Hildegard of Bingen

text: Île-de-France

text: Normandy

text: Brittany

text: Vexin

text: Anjou

text: Aquitaine

text: British Library

text: Chevrefoil

text: Eliduc

text: merveilleux

text: Henry II of England

text: Lanval

text: fairy

text: Avalon

text: Bisclavret

text: Equitan

text: Geoffrey Chaucer

text: The Franklin's Tale

text: Canterbury Tales

text: Sir Launfal

text: Matilda Betham

text: Tristan and Iseult

text: "Speculum"

text: International Marie de France Society

text: Roles of Women in the Middle Ages

categories: 13th-century English women writers,Writers of Arthurian literature,13th-century French women writers,12th-century French people,13th-century English people,12th-century English women,13th-century French women,13th-century French writers,12th-century women writers,British writers in French,13th-century English writers,13th-century women writers,Medieval English women writers,12th-century French women,13th-century deaths,Medieval poets,13th-century French people,12th-century English people,Anglo-Norman literature,French rhetoricians,12th-century births,French women poets,13th-century English women,12th-century French writers,Medieval French women writers,Medieval women poets

paragraph: Marie de France

paragraph: Marie de France (fl. 1160 to 1215) was a poet who was probably born in France and lived in England during the late 12th century. She lived and wrote at an unknown court, but she and her work were almost certainly known at the royal court of King Henry II of England. Virtually nothing is known of her life; both her given name and its geographical specification come from her manuscripts. However, one written description of her work and popularity from her own era still exists. She is considered by scholars to be the first female French poet.

paragraph: Marie de France wrote in Francien, with some Anglo-Norman influence. She was proficient in Latin, as were most authors and scholars of that era, as well as Middle English, and possibly Breton. She is the author of the "Lais of Marie de France". She translated Aesop's Fables from Middle English into Anglo-Norman French and wrote "Espurgatoire seint Partiz", "Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick", based upon a Latin text. Recently, she has been (tentatively) identified as the author of a saint's life, "The Life of Saint Audrey". Her "Lais" were and still are widely read and influenced the subsequent development of the romance/heroic literature genre.

paragraph: Section::::Life and works.

paragraph: The actual name of the author now known as Marie de France is unknown; she has acquired this nom de plume from a line in one of her published works: "Marie ai num, si sui de France," which translates as "My name is Marie, and I am from France." Some of the most commonly proposed suggestions for the identity of this 12th-century poet are Marie, Abbess of Shaftesbury and half-sister to Henry II, King of England; Marie, Abbess of Reading; Marie I of Boulogne; Marie, Abbess of Barking; and Marie de Meulan, wife of Hugh Talbot. Based on evidence from her writings, it is clear that, despite being born in France, she spent much of her life living in England.

paragraph: Four works, or collections of works, have been attributed to Marie de France. She is principally known for her authorship of "The Lais of Marie de France", a collection of twelve narrative poems, mostly of a few hundred lines each. She claims in the preambles to most of these Breton lais that she has heard the stories they contain from Breton minstrels, and it is in the opening lines of the poem "Guigemar" that she first reveals her name to be Marie.

paragraph: There are 102 "Ysopet" fables that have also been attributed to her besides a retelling of the "Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick" and, recently, a saint's life called "La Vie seinte Audree" about Saint Audrey of Ely, although this last attribution is not accepted by all critics.

paragraph: Scholars have dated Marie's works to between about 1160 and 1215, the earliest and latest possible dates respectively. It is probable that the "Lais" were written in the late 12th century; they are dedicated to a "noble king", usually assumed to be Henry II of England or possibly his eldest son, Henry the Young King. Another of her works, the "Fables", is dedicated to a "Count William", who may have been either William of Mandeville or William Marshall. However, it has also been suggested that Count William may refer to William Longsword. Longsword was a recognized illegitimate son of Henry II. If Marie was actually Henry II's half-sister, a dedication to his son (who would be her nephew), might be understandable.

paragraph: It is likely that Marie de France was known at the court of King Henry II and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine. A contemporary of Marie, the English poet Denis Piramus, mentions in his "Life of Saint Edmund the King", written in around 1180, the lais of a Marie, which were popular in aristocratic circles.

paragraph: It is clear from her writing that Marie de France was highly educated and multilingual; this level of education was not available to the common or poor at this time, so we can infer that Marie de France was of noble birth, as other noble women such as Heloise and Christine de Pizan were also educated and wrote. In addition to secular wealthy women, a number of religious women of this period also used their education and pursued writing (Hrotsvitha, Héloïse, Bridget of Sweden, and Hildegard of Bingen, to name a few).

paragraph: She was first given the name Marie de France by the French scholar Claude Fauchet in 1551, in his "Recueil de l'origine de la langue et poesie françoise", and this name has been used ever since. She wrote in Francien, a dialect localized around Paris and Île-de-France, but there is presence of an Anglo-Norman dialect in her writings. Hence scholars generally deduce she lived in the parts of Île-de-France close to Normandy, or alternatively in an area in-between such as Brittany or Vexin. But Anglo-Norman influence may be due to her living in England during her adult life, which is also suggested by the fact that so many of her texts were found in England. The signification of the phrase "si sui de France", however, is ambiguous and equivocal. Marie might possibly not have stated that she was from France if she was originally from a region governed by Henry II such as Brittany, Normandy, Anjou or Aquitaine, unless she had been thoroughly anglicized.

paragraph: Three of the five surviving manuscript copies of the "Lais" are written in continental French, whilst British Library MS Harley 978, written in Anglo-Norman French in the mid-13th century, may reflect the dialect of the copyist.

paragraph: Section::::Breton lais.

paragraph: Breton lais were certainly in existence before Marie de France chose to recast the themes that she heard from Breton minstrels into poetic narratives in Anglo-Norman verse, but she may have been the first to present a "new genre of the lai in narrative form." Her lays, are a collection of 12 short narrative poems written in eight-syllable verse that were based on Breton or Celtic legends, which were part of the oral literature of the Bretons. The lais of Marie de France had a huge impact on the literary world. They were considered a new type of literary technique derived from classical rhetoric and imbued with such detail that they became a new form of art. Marie may have filled her detailed poems with imagery so that her audience would easily remember them. Her lais range in length from 118 ("Chevrefoil") to 1,184 lines ("Eliduc"), frequently describe courtly love entangled in love triangles involving loss and adventure, and "often take up aspects of the merveilleux, and at times intrusions from the fairy world."

paragraph: One may have a better sense of Marie de France from her very first lay, or rather, the "Prologue" she uses to prep her readers for what is to come. The first line dictates “Whoever has received knowledge/ and eloquence in speech from God/ should not be silent or secretive/ but demonstrate it willingly” Marie de France, in so may words, has accredited her literary skills with being accredited by God, and so is therefore allowed to write the lays. As such, she does not need her patron’s permission (her patron likely being Henry II of England.) She wants people to read what she has produced, along with her ideas, and as such urges readers to search between the lines for her writing will be subtle. In this "Prologue" alone, Marie de France has deviated from common poets of her time by adding subtle, delicate, and weighted writing to her repertoire. Marie de France took her opportunity as a writer to make her words be heard, and she took them during a time where the production of books and codexes was a long, arduous, and expensive process where just copying the Bible took fifteen months until the text’s completion.

paragraph: Unlike the heroes of medieval romances, the characters in Marie’s stories do not seek out adventure. Instead, adventures happen to them. While the settings are true to life, the lais often contain elements of folklore or of the supernatural, such as Bisclavret. While the setting is described in realistic detail, the subject is a werewolf, sympathetically portrayed. Marie moves back and forth between the real and the supernatural, skillfully expressing delicate shades of emotion. Lanval features a fairy woman who pursues the titular character and eventually brings her new lover to Avalon with her at the end of the lai. The setting for Marie's lais is the Celtic world, embracing England, Wales, Ireland, Brittany and Normandy.

paragraph: Only five manuscripts containing some or all of Marie’s lais exist now, and the only one to include the general prologue and all twelve lais is British Library MS Harley 978. That may be contrasted with the 25 manuscripts with Marie's "Fables" and perhaps reflects their relative popularity in the late Middle Ages. In these Fables, she reveals a generally aristocratic point of view with a concern for justice, a sense of outrage against the mistreatment of the poor, and a respect for the social hierarchy. Nevertheless, Marie's lais have received much more critical attention in recent times.

paragraph: Section::::Fables.

paragraph: Along with her lais, Marie de France also published a vast collection of fables. Many of the fables she wrote were translations of Aesop’s fables into English and others can be traced to more regional sources, fables Marie de France would have been exposed to at a young age. Between the 102 fables of Marie de France, there are no concrete guidelines for morality, and men, women, and animals receive varying treatments and punishments.

paragraph: Marie de France introduces her fables in the form of a prologue, where she explains the importance of moral instruction in society. In the first section of the prologue, Marie de France discusses the medieval ideal of "clergie". Clergie is the notion that people have a duty to understand, learn, and preserve works of the past for future peoples. Here, in the prologue, she is referencing the duty of scholars to preserve moral philosophy and proverbs. The rest of Marie de France’s prologue outlines how Aesop took up this duty for his society and how she must now preserve his fables and others for her present culture.

paragraph: Structurally, each of the fables begins with the recounting of a tale, and at the end Marie de France includes a short moral. Some of these morals, like those translated from Aesop’s fables, are expected and socially congruous. For instance, the fable of "The Wolf and the Lamb", also known as Fable 2 in Marie de France’s collection, follows a well-known and established storyline. Just as in Aesop’s original fable, Marie de France’s translation describes a lamb and a wolf drinking from the same stream, the wolf unjustly condemning the lamb to death for drinking inoffensively downstream from him. Marie de France repeats the established moral at the end, "But these are things rich nobles do…destroy folk with false evidence".

paragraph: However, in the new fables, featuring human female characters, Marie de France asserts female power and cunning, disparaging men who are ignorant or behave foolishly. One character, a peasant woman, makes multiple appearances in the fables of Marie de France and is praised for her shrewd and sly ways. Fables 44, "The Woman Who Tricked Her Husband" and 45, "A Second Time, a Woman Tricks Her Husband", both recount tales of the same peasant woman successfully carrying out an affair despite her husband having caught her with her lover both times. In the first fable, the peasant woman convinces her husband that her lover was merely a trick of the eye and in the second, persuades her husband that he has had a vision of her and a man, foreshadowing her death. Marie de France lauds the woman for her crafty ways and faults the peasant husband with idiocy. The morality, or lack thereof, in these two female-centred fables is interesting and takes root in the tradition of "wife tricking her husband" stories, such as "The Merchant’s Tale" and Scots-Irish tradition.

paragraph: Section::::Love.

paragraph: In most of Marie de France’s "Lais", love is associated with suffering, and over half of them involve an adulterous relationship. In "Bisclavret" and "Equitan", the adulterous lovers are severely condemned, but there is evidence that Marie approved of extramarital affairs under certain circumstances: "When the deceived partner has been cruel and merits deception and when the lovers are loyal to one another." In Marie's "Lais", "love always involves suffering and frequently ends in grief, even when the love itself is approved."

paragraph: Marie's lovers are usually isolated and relatively unconcerned with anything outside the immediate cause of their distress, whether a jealous husband or an envious society. However, "the means of overcoming this suffering is beautifully and subtly illustrated." "Marie concentrates on the individuality of her characters and is not very concerned with their integration into society. If society does not appreciate the lovers, then the lovers die or abandon society, and society is the poorer for it."

paragraph: Section::::Love.:Defying Church traditions.

paragraph: Marie de France’s lais not only portray a gloomy outlook on love but also defied the traditions of love within the Church at the time. She wrote about adulterous affairs, women of high stature who seduce other men, and women seeking escape from a loveless marriage, often to an older man, which gave the idea that women can have sexual freedom. She wrote lais, many of which seemed to endorse sentiments that were contrary to the traditions of the Church, especially the idea of virginal love and marriage.

paragraph: The lais also exhibit the idea of a stronger female role and power. In this, she may have inherited ideas and norms from the troubadour love songs that were common at the Angevin courts of England, Aquitaine, Anjou and Brittany; songs in which the heroine "is a contradictory symbol of power and inarticulacy; she is at once acutely vulnerable and emotionally overwhelming, irrelevant and central." Marie's heroines are often the instigators of events, but events that often end in suffering.

paragraph: The heroines in Marie's "Lais" are often imprisoned. This imprisonment may take the form of actual incarceration by elderly husbands, as in "Yonec", and in "Guigemar", where the lady who becomes Guigemar's lover is kept behind the walls of a castle which faces the sea, or "merely of close surveillance, as in "Laustic", where the husband, who keeps a close watch on his wife when he is present, has her watched equally closely when he is away from home." Perhaps it reflects some experience within her own life. The willingness to endorse such thoughts as adultery in the 12th century is perhaps remarkable. "It certainly reminds us that people in the Middle Ages were aware of social injustices and did not just accept oppressive conditions as inevitable by the will of God."

paragraph: In addition to her defying the construct of love exhibited by the contemporary Church, Marie also influenced a genre that continued to be popular for another 300 years, the medieval romance. By the time Marie was writing her lais, France already had a deep-rooted tradition of the love-lyric, specifically in Provence. Marie's "Lais" represent, in many ways, a transitional genre between Provençal love lyrics from an earlier time and the romance tradition that developed these themes.

paragraph: Section::::Influence on literature.

paragraph: Her stories exhibit a form of lyrical poetry that influenced the way that narrative poetry was subsequently composed, adding another dimension to the narration through her prologues and the epilogues, for example. She also developed three parts to a narrative lai: aventure (the ancient Breton deed or story); lai (Breton melodies); conte (recounting the story narrated by the lai). Additionally, Marie de France set off the beginning of a new genre of literature known as chivalric literature.

paragraph: In the late 14th century, at broadly the same time that Geoffrey Chaucer included "The Franklin's Tale", itself a Breton lai, in his "Canterbury Tales", a poet named Thomas Chestre composed a Middle English romance based directly upon Marie de France's "Lanval", which, perhaps predictably, spanned much more now than a few weeks of the hero's life, a knight named "Sir Launfal". In 1816, the English poet Matilda Betham wrote a long poem about Marie de France in octosyllabic couplets, "The Lay of Marie".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tristan and Iseult

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blain, Virginia, et al. "Marie de France," "The Feminist Companion to Literature in English" (Yale UP, 1990, 714).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bloch, R. Howard. "The Anonymous Marie de France." Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Mary Ellen, et al. "Encyclopedia of Folklore and Literature". Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1998. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burgess, Glyn Sheridan, and Keith Busby, 1986. "The Lais of Marie de France". Translated into Modern English prose with an introduction. Penguin Books Limited.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Butterfield, Ardis, 2009. "England and France". In: Brown, Peter (Ed), 2009. "A Companion to Medieval English Literature and Culture c.1350–c.1500". Wiley-Blackwell. Part IV: Encounters with Other Cultures, pp 199–214.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calabrese, Michael, 2007. "Controlling Space and Secrets in the Lais of Marie de France." In: "Place, Space, and Landscape in Medieval Narrative". Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, pp 79–106. Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 111. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Literature Resource Center. Web. 28 September 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gallagher, Edward J., ed. and trans. "The Lays of Marie de France, Translated, with Introduction and Commentary". Hackett: Indianapolis, 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kibler, William W. and Grover A. Zinn. "Medieval France: An Encyclopedia". New York: Garland, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kinoshita, Sharon, Peggy McCracken. "Marie de France: A Critical Companion". Woodbridge, D.S.Brewer, 2012 (Gallica).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunitz, Stanley J., and Vineta Colby. "European Authors 1000-1900 A Biographical Dictionary of European Literature". New York: The H.W. Wilson Company. 1967. 604–5. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McCash, June Hall, "La Vie seinte Audree, A Fourth Text by Marie de France." "Speculum" (July 2002): 744-777.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mickel, Emanuel J. Jr. "Marie de France". New York: Twayne, 1974. Print.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watt, Diane, "Medieval Women's Writing: Works by and for women in England, 1100-1500". Polity, 2007. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Marie de France Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Le Cygne, published by the International Marie de France Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete bibliography of her works, including secondary literature (Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge, Arlima)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roles of Women in the Middle Ages

description: medieval poet

enwikiquote_title: Marie de France

wikidata_label: Marie de France

wikipedia_title: Marie de France


text: stage magician

text: Magic Circle

text: Merlin Magical Society

text: Shadowgraphy

text: St. George's Hall

text: Europe

text: South Africa

text: television

text: What's My Line

categories: British magicians,1964 deaths,Sleight of hand,Card magic,1887 births

paragraph: Edward Victor

paragraph: Edward Victor (1887 – 17 April 1964), born Edward Neuschwander, was a notable stage magician. He was an early member of the Magic Circle and was promoted to the Inner Magic Circle, and for over thirty years was president of the Merlin Magical Society.

paragraph: Early in his career he also took up Shadowgraphy.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: In 1911, a trial week at St. George's Hall was extended to many months, setting the standard for his professional career. He played top variety theaters in Europe and South Africa and was often seen on television (including a "What's My Line?" appearance which he was quickly recognized).

paragraph: Victor was the Blackpool Magicians' club's first Honorary Life President.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Magic of the Hand" (1937)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "More Magic of the Hands" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Further Magic of the Hands" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Classic Card Tricks" (2004) Dover Publications

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Victor - Magic of the Hands bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Victor - More Magic of the Hands bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Victor - Further Magic of the Hands bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- UCSB Special Collections British manuals and guides to magic tricks, conjuring, illusions, and prestidigitation

description: British magician

wikidata_label: Edward Victor

wikipedia_title: Edward Victor


text:
Urdu
Agra, India
Hyderabad
Deccan
marsiya
manqabat
qasida
ghazals
nazms
Progressive Writers Movement
North Nazimabad
marsia

categories: 20th-century Indian poets,Muhajir people,Urdu poets,Indian male poets,Poets from Uttar Pradesh,People from Agra,1975 deaths,Indian Muslims,1893 births

paragraph: Najm Afandi

paragraph: Najm Afandi (1893–1975) نجم آفندی was an Urdu poet in India.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Najm Afandi was born in Agra, India in 1893. His father Bazm Afandi was also a poet.

paragraph: He moved to Hyderabad, Deccan. He started writing poetry early in his life and continued for 65 years.

paragraph: His nazm durr-e-yateem was popular, which he wrote while he was only 15 or 16 years of age. He experimented with various genres of Urdu poetry. Najm had in the later part of his life dedicated himself to writing marsiya, salaam, manqabat and qasida.

paragraph: Although he wrote numerous ghazals and nazms, because of the religious nature of his poetry and the issues he dealt with, he was known as 'Shair-e-Ahle-bait.'

paragraph: Section::::Work and Career.

paragraph: Long before the Progressive Writers Movement came into existence his poetry dealt with the issues and themes which were the hallmark of the movement.

paragraph: He published five collections of poetry; Mah-e-Wafa, Iqbal-e-Wafa, Jamal-e-Wafa, Ilham-e-Wafa, and he had noted the name of Najm Afandi and Haider Dehlvi as his teachers in each one of them.

paragraph: He influenced generation of poets who adopted marsia, salam, qasida and other similar genres of poetry in Urdu.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died naturally in 1975 in Karachi and is buried at the infamous Sakhi Hassan Graveyard, North Nazimabad.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Najm Afandi, a forgotten poet

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Excerpts from marsia by Najm Afandi

description: poet

wikidata_label: Najm Afandi

wikipedia_title: Najm Afandi


text:
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Lititz
Pennsylvania
Moravian Church
Christian reformist
Martin Luther
John Huss
Pennsylvania Dutch
Moravian Church
Hiwwe wie Driwwe
The Pennsylvania German Society

categories: 20th-century American women writers,19th-century American writers,American people of German descent,1862 births,People from Lititz, Pennsylvania,20th-century American writers,1934 deaths,Writers from Pennsylvania,Writers from Green Bay, Wisconsin

paragraph: Louise Adeline Weitzel

paragraph: Louise Adeline Weitzel (December 2, 1862 – May 6, 1934) was an American writer of German descent. She was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Her family moved to Lititz, Pennsylvania while she was still a young lady.

paragraph: Given the socio-cultural context in which she was born and raised, her work is unique, not only because of the content of her writing per se but also because she produced and published her texts as a woman and in her native German dialect ("Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch") in the United States.

paragraph: Her will, only 30 words long, left her $855 estate to the Moravian Home for Aged Women in Lititz.

paragraph: Section::::Education and professional life.

paragraph: Louise A. Weitzel obtained her education at "Sunnyside Kollitsch" and at the "Linden Hall Seminary" for girls. Later she would work for local German-language newspapers where she ultimately found a vehicle to her voice as a poet. In 1908 she published the book "A Quiver of Arrows: Poems by Louise A. Weitzel".

paragraph: Section::::Religious life.

paragraph: Louise A. Weitzel was an active member of the "Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine"/Moravian Church fellowship, a Christian reformist movement that preceded the German Protestant Martin Luther in Europe by more than a century, with the work initiated by John Huss and revived by Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf.

paragraph: Section::::Poems.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bee"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Viert Tschulei"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Grummler"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Sunn scheint aryeds wo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mei Nochber hot en Reedio"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nackich"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vum Schiesse"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Siggaretts"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "S Wedder"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Was meent's"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wie zuvor"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wu fehlt's"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zu schtarrick"

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pennsylvania Dutch

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moravian Church

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiwwe wie Driwwe (Hiwwe wie Driwwe: die pennsylvaanisch-deitsch Zeiding / The homepage of the Pennsylvania German newspaper.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Pennsylvania German Society

description: American writer

wikidata_label: Louise Adeline Weitzel

wikipedia_title: Louise Adeline Weitzel


text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Leopold I

text: Ernest Leopold of Hesse-Rotenburg

text: Frankfurt

text: Eleonora of Savoy

text: Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia

text: Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg

text: Queen of Sardinia

text: Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia

text: Eleonora of Hesse-Rotenburg

text: Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg

text: Louis Henri de Bourbon

text: Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg

text: Louis Victor of Savoy

categories: House of Hesse-Kassel,Landgravines of Hesse-Rotenburg,1686 births,1753 deaths,People from Vienna,House of Löwenstein-Wertheim,German countesses,17th-century German people

paragraph: Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim

paragraph: Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim (Eleonore Maria Anna; 16 February 1686 – 22 February 1753) was a Princess of the Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort. She was the Landgravine of Hesse-Rotenburg by marriage. Baptised as Eleonore Maria Anna, she was known as "Eleonore' meaning 'true and perpetual beauty'.'.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born to Maximilian Carl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and his wife Maria Polyxena Khuen of Lichtenberg, she was born in Vienna. She was their sixth child. Her father had entered imperial service at a young age, was an imperial counsellor from 1684 thus her birth in Vienna, the capital of the Holy Roman Empire then ruled by Leopold I.

paragraph: Her mother was a member of the family who ruled the County of Lichtenberg und Belasi. Her parents were first cousin's. she herself would marry her first cousin; Eleonore's paternal aunt Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort had married William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg, father of Ernest Leopold of Hesse-Rotenburg, William's son and heir.

paragraph: The couple married in Frankfurt on 9 November 1704, the bride being 18 and the groom 20. They were parents of 10 children, five of which would have progeny. She outlived her husband by three years.

paragraph: Her eldest granddaughter, Eleonora of Savoy, was named after her. Her eldest grandson was Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph of Hesse-Rotenburg, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Rotenburg (1705–1744), married Christina van Salm had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, Queen of Sardinia, (1706–1735) married Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelmine Magdalene Leopoldina of Hesse-Rotenburg (1707–1708) died in infancy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilhelm of Hesse-Rotenburg (1708) died in infancy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sophie of Hesse-Rotenburg (1709–1711) died in infancy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franciscus Alexander of Hesse-Rotenburg (1710–1739) died unmarried.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eleonora of Hesse-Rotenburg (1712–1759) married John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach no issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg (1714–1741) married Louis Henri de Bourbon had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantine of Hesse-Rotenburg, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg (1716–1778), his successor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg (1717–1778) married Louis Victor of Savoy and has issue.

paragraph: Section::::Titles, styles, honours and arms.:Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16 February 1686 – 9 November 1704 "Her Serene Highness" Countess Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim

paragraph: BULLET::::- 9 November 1704 – 20 November 1725 "Her Serene Highness" the Hereditary Princess of Hesse-Rotenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20 November 1725 – 29 November 1749 "Her Serene Highness" the Landgravine of Hesse-Rotenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 29 November 1749 – 22 February 1753 "Her Serene Highness" the Dowager Landgravine of Hesse-Rotenburg

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Günter Kittelmann: "Kleiner Führer durch die Rotenburger Quart 1627–1834 und das Fürstenhaus Hessen-Rotenburg." Geschichtsverein Altkreis Rotenburg. p. 28–43

description: German countess

wikipedia_title: Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim


text:
Taiwan
Taiwanese
Brother Elephants
Chinese Professional Baseball League

categories: Fu Jen Catholic University alumni,Baseball coaches,1975 births,People from Taitung County,Brother Elephants players,Baseball first basemen,Taiwanese baseball players,Living people

paragraph: Wang Jin-yong

paragraph: Wang Jin-yong (; born 27 November 1975 in Taiwan) is a retired Taiwanese professional baseball player who played for Brother Elephants of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) his entire career.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Wang Jin-yong

wikipedia_title: Wang Jin-yong


text: Washington, D.C.

paragraph: Rudolph Lennhoff

paragraph: Rudolph Lennhoff (1865 - December 27, 1933) was one of the best known medical authorities in Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: In 1912 he attended the 15th International Congress on Hygiene and Demography, which opened 23 September 1912, in Washington, D.C..

description: German medical authority

wikidata_label: Rudolph Lennhoff

wikipedia_title: Rudolph Lennhoff


text:
boxer
Cayey, Puerto Rico
boxer
Ring Magazine
knockout
Latino
Lou Ambers
Wesley Ramey
Polo Grounds
Henry Armstrong
Lou Ambers
New York City
Latin America
Celia Cruz
Joe Louis
Jersey Joe Walcott
Cantinflas
Puerto Rico
Cayey
International Boxing Hall of Fame
List of Puerto Ricans
Sports in Puerto Rico
International Boxing Hall of Fame page

categories: International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees,People from Cayey, Puerto Rico,1914 births,1996 deaths

paragraph: Pedro Montañez

paragraph: Pedro Montañez (April 24, 1914 – June 26, 1996) was a boxer from Cayey, Puerto Rico. Also known as "El Torito De Cayey" ("The Little Bull of Cayey"), he has been considered by many to be one of the best boxers in history "never" to win a world title. In his career, he was 92–7–4.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Montañez was recognized by Ring Magazine as one of history's most prolific knockout winners with 56 knockout wins, and one of the Latinos with the most knockout wins—while only being knocked out twice himself. He also ranks as number 14 in boxing history, also recognized by Ring Magazine, among boxers with most wins in a row, totalling 88 wins in a row.

paragraph: Montanez began boxing in 1931, and captured the Puerto Rican lightweight title in 1933. A European tour followed, and he registered victories in Spain, France, England, and Italy. He was next showcased in New York, and scored wins over Aldo Spoldi and Frankie Klick among others. That set up a non-title bout with lightweight king Lou Ambers, which Montanez won in a 10 round decision—he was thereafter dubbed the “uncrowned champion.” Impressive wins over formidable foes Eddie Ran, Wesley Ramey, and Freddie “Red” Cochrane set up a title bout with Ambers on the September 23, 1937, “Carnival of Champions” show at the Polo Grounds in New York City. Although he was defeated for the first time (L 15), observers say he deserved the decision against Ambers. Montanez bounced back to continue his winning ways in bouts with Jackie “Kid” Berg and Young Peter Jackson.

paragraph: Montañez went for the world title three times, losing to Henry Armstrong and Lou Ambers on points. and then to Armstrong in a rematch by a knockout in round 9.

paragraph: Montañez reached great popularity in Puerto Rico, New York City, and Latin America, and his collection of photos with celebrities is considered one of the largest in Puerto Rico. He had well over 250 pictures with celebrities such as Celia Cruz, Joe Louis, Jersey Joe Walcott, Cantinflas and some former Puerto Rico Governors and other famous people displayed on his house's walls.

paragraph: Montañez was elected to the "Salon de la Fama del Deporte Cayeyano" in July 2004.

paragraph: Montañez has a stadium named after him, the "Pedro Montañez Municipal Stadium" in Cayey. It is the home of the Toritos de Cayey Double A baseball team, which was named after him, and it also was the Benigno Fernandez Garcia Jr. High School's field day competitions.

paragraph: Section::::Hall of Fame.

paragraph: In December 2006, Montañez was elected to the International Boxing Hall of Fame and in 2007 he was inducted into the Boxing Hall of Fame located @ 360 N Peterboro St, Canastota, NY 13032

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Puerto Ricans

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sports in Puerto Rico

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Boxing Hall of Fame page

description: Puerto Rican boxer

wikidata_label: Pedro Montañez

wikipedia_title: Pedro Montañez


text:
Kristiania
Karljohansvern
Horten
Fredrikstad
Bergen
Tønsberg
1924 Summer Olympics
Biskop Hvoslef
International One Design
Order of St. Olav

categories: Norwegian sailors,1886 births,1969 deaths,Norwegian yacht designers,People from Oslo,Norwegian engineers

paragraph: Bjarne Aas

paragraph: Bjarne Aas (28 February 1886 – 29 March 1969) was a Norwegian engineer, sailor, yacht designer and ship builder.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was a son of Henrik Ernst Aas and Anette Sofie Sørensen. He studied ship construction at the Karljohansvern technical college ("Karljohansverns tekniske skole") in Horten. After graduation, he worked as a boat designer in Fredrikstad, later in Bergen and Tønsberg. In 1916, he founded Norsk Gearfabrikk AS on Isegran in Fredrikstad.

paragraph: In total, he designed approx. 615 boats. His breakthrough as yacht designer came in 1924, when his "Elisabeth V" won a gold medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1932, Aas designed "Biskop Hvoslef" which was his first rescue boat. Among his best known designs is the International One Design. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1957.

description: Norwegian ship builder

wikidata_label: Bjarne Aas

wikipedia_title: Bjarne Aas


text:
Italian painter
Mannerist
Baroque
Rome
Gregory XIII
Scala Sancta
Federico Zuccari
Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini
Cristoforo Greppi
San Francesco a Ripa
San Giacomo Scossacavalli
Borgo

categories: Mannerist painters,Italian male painters,Italian Baroque painters,17th-century Italian painters,1627 deaths,16th-century Italian painters,1530s births

paragraph: Giovanni Battista Ricci

paragraph: Giovanni Battista Ricci (Novara, circa 1537 – Rome, 1627) nicknamed Il Novara after his birth town, was an Italian painter of the late-Mannerist and early-Baroque period, active mainly in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ricci moved to Rome from his native Piedmont during the papacy of Gregory XIII and was registered with the guild of painters by 1581. He was active in the fresco decoration (1590-1593) of the Scala Sancta in Santa Maria Maggiore, in the decoration (1597-1613) of San Marcello, and (1619) Santa Maria in Traspontina. He was influenced by Federico Zuccari. He also painted in the Vatican Library and the church of Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini.

paragraph: In 1617-1620, Ricci collaborated with Cristoforo Greppi, a painter from Lombardy, in designing and painting the frescoes for the Castellani Chapel in San Francesco a Ripa.

paragraph: Ricci and his assistants executed several frescoes and paintings in the church of San Giacomo Scossacavalli in Borgo, destroyed in 1937.

paragraph: Ricci was an excellent draftsman, working primarily in pen and brown ink, although a handful of studies in chalk are also known.

alias:
Giovanni Battista Ricci da Novara
Gian Battista Ricci da Novara
Giovanni Battista da Novara
Giovan Battista Ricci

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Giovanni Battista Ricci

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Battista Ricci


text: Brazilian

text: surfer

text: 2015 WSL World Champion

text: World Surf League

text: Martin Potter

text: Kelly Slater

text: Matt Warshaw

text: Banzai Pipeline

text: Jamie O'Brien (surfer)

text: Hawaii

text: 2006 ASP World Tour

text: 2007 ASP World Tour

text: 2008 ASP World Tour

text: 2009 ASP World Tour

text: 2010 ASP World Tour

text: 2011 ASP World Tour

text: 2012 ASP World Tour

text: 2013 ASP World Tour

text: 2014 ASP World Tour

text: Margaret River Pro

text: Billabong Pipeline Masters

text: WSL Samsung Galaxy Championship Tour

text: Oi Rio Pro

categories: World Surf League surfers,Living people,1987 births

paragraph: Adriano De Souza

paragraph: Adriano "Mineirinho" de Souza (born February 13, 1987) is a Brazilian professional surfer and also the 2015 WSL World Champion. He has been competing on the World Surf League Men's World Tour since 2005.

paragraph: Section::::Overview.

paragraph: Adriano de Souza is seem by many as the "hardest working man" on the WSL Tour. To many observers, like 1989 World Champion and WSL commentator Martin Potter, and former top-44 surfer and WSL commentator Ross Williams, Adriano is more eager to learn, more willing to fight, and spends more time learning the game and trying to evolve his surfing than any of his peers/competitors -- with the likely exception of 11-time World Champion Kelly Slater.

paragraph: Few other surfers have built the same reputation of working hard to learn and evolve on competitive surfing. Most of the other WSL surfers are somewhat perceived to be natural-talented people who don't give a 100% effort on their professional careers -- and thus rarely reach 100% of their competitive potential during surfing heats.

paragraph: WSL commentators Potter and Williams usually highlighted during WSL surf broadcasts about how Adriano gets to the venues of the surf contests much earlier than his opponents, sometimes weeks in advance, to learn and adapt as much as possible. They also usually talk about how Adriano almost "never falls" on his waves, and how he loves to fight for the inside position and surf the first wave of every heat.

paragraph: Surf journalist/historian Matt Warshaw wrote in the Encyclopedia of Surfing that Adriano is a "determined pro surfer, (...) built like a terrier (5'6", 137 pounds) and fixed to his board with a wide, squat, function-first stance". Warshaw noted that during Adriano World Title campaign he "rode with near-monomaniacal intensity and often willed his way to heat victories against more talented surfers". Warshaw also stated that Adriano was for the most part heralded as a worthy and deserving World Champion "after years of being ignored or ridiculed by surfing's English-speaking tastemakers".

paragraph: The tale of how Adriano asked -- and then begged and then convinced -- Banzai Pipeline top local surfer Jamie O'Brien (surfer) to stay at his house during the season finale in Hawaii (in order to be able to surf the break everyday and to learn its tricks straight from O'Brien) became famous in the surfing world. It showed the lengths Adriano was willing to go in order to improve his surfing abilities and win the WSL Surfing World Title.

paragraph: Section::::Surfing career.

paragraph: Section::::Surfing career.:Accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP World Junior Championship (Youngest champion ever - Age 16)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP 5-Star event – Billabong Costa do Sauipe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP Super Series event – Rip Curl Pro Hossegor

paragraph: BULLET::::- ASP World Qualifying Series Winner

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #20 on the 2006 ASP World Tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #28 on the 2007 ASP World Tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP 6-Star event – Onbongo Pro Surfing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP 6-Star event – Maresia Surf International

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #7 on the 2008 ASP World Tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP 5-Star event – Billabong ECO Surf Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP 4-Star event – Mark Richards Pro Newcastle

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #5 on the 2009 ASP World Tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won first ASP World Tour event – Billabong Pro Mundaka – Mundaka, Spain

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #10 on the 2010 ASP World Tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #5 on the 2011 ASP World Tour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP World Tour event – Billabong Pro Rio – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP World Tour event – Rip Curl Pro Portugal – Peniche, Portugal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #5 on the 2012 ASP World Tour rankings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP 6-Star event – Billabong Pro Jeffreys Bay – South Africa

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #12 on the 2013 ASP World Tour rankings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP World Tour event – Rip Curl Pro Bells Beach – Torquay, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #8 on the 2014 ASP World Tour rankings

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won ASP 6-Star event – Australian Open of Surfing – Manly Beach, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- WSL Samsung Galaxy Championship Tour Champion

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won Margaret River Pro Tour event – Margaret River, Australia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won Billabong Pipeline Masters Tour event – Banzai Pipeline, Hawaii

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ranked #11 on the WSL Samsung Galaxy Championship Tour rankings

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won Oi Rio Pro Tour event – Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

description: Brazilian surfer

wikidata_label: Adriano De Souza

wikipedia_title: Adriano De Souza


text: Hakohen

text: rosh yeshiva

text: Yeshiva of Telshe

text: Telšiai

text: Grodno

text: Talmud

text: Netziv

text: Chaim Soloveitchik

text: erudition

text: Halakha

text: pilpul

text: Torez

text: Belarus

text: Mir Yeshiva

text: Volozhin yeshiva

text: Netziv

text: Chaim Soloveitchik

text: Chaim Ozer Grodzinski

text: Vilna

text: Eliezer Gordon

text: Telz Yeshiva

text: Bransk

text: Yechezkel Sarna

text: Slabodka yeshiva

text: Chaim Ozer Grodzinski

text: Grodno

text: yeshivos

text: Dovid Lifshitz

text: Suvalk

text: Zelik Epstein

text: Queens

text: Yeshivath Shaar Hatorah - Grodno

text: Chaim Shmuelevitz

text: Yeshivah Ketanah

text: Yeshiva University

text: Bernard (Dov) Revel

text: Rabbeinu Yitzchak Elchanan

text: New York

text: Yisrael Meir Kagan

text: Chaim Ozer Grodzinski

text: Yeruchom Levovitz

text: Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah

text: Agudas Yisroel

text: Elchonon Wasserman

text: Baronovitch

text: Yisrael Zev Gustman

text: Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman

text: Ponevezh

text: Isser Yehuda Unterman

text: Israeli Chief Rabbi

text: Michoel Fisher

text: Manchester

text: Bava Kamma

text: Bava Metzia

text: Bava Basra

text: Nedarim

text: Gittin

text: Kiddushin

text: Yevamos

text: Ketuvot

text: Shev Shema'tata

text: Aryeh Leib HaCohen Heller

text: Vilna

text: Cheshvan

text: Introduction to Sha'arei Yosher

categories: Kohanim writers of Rabbinic literature,Yeshiva University rosh yeshivas,Lithuanian Orthodox rabbis,1940 deaths,Haredi rabbis in Europe,1860 births,Lithuanian rabbis,Rosh yeshivas

paragraph: Shimon Shkop

paragraph: Shimon Yehuda Hakohen Shkop (; 1860 – October 22, 1939) was a rosh yeshiva ("dean") of the Yeshiva of Telshe (Telšiai) and then of Yeshiva Shaar HaTorah of Grodno, and a renowned Talmudic scholar. His teachers were the Netziv and Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik, with whom he was very close. Has created a unique way in classic Eastern European erudition, which is expressed mainly in his book "Sha'arei Yosher", and is characterized by a logical-legal analysis of the basic principles of Halakha, and less than local "pilpul".

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Rabbi Shkop was born in Torez, today in Belarus, in 1860. At the age of twelve, he went to study in the Mir Yeshiva for two years. He then traveled to the Volozhin yeshiva where he studied with the Netziv zt"l for six years. He was part of a special group of students with whom Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik interacted. His study partners included Rabbi Gershon Tanchum Grodener (Biletzky), and Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski, chief rabbi of Vilna.

paragraph: Section::::Telz.

paragraph: Rabbi Shkop married a niece of Rabbi Eliezer Gordon, and in 1885 was appointed to the Telz Yeshiva, where he remained for 18 years until 1903. While there, he developed a system of Talmudic study which combined the logical analysis and penetrating insights of Rabbi Chaim Brisker with the simplicity and clarity of Rabbi Naphtali Zevi Yehudah Berlin (the Netziv) and which became known as the "Telz way of learning".

paragraph: In 1903, he was appointed Rabbi of Moltsh, and in 1907 of Bransk. Among his students in Moltsh was Rabbi Yechezkel Sarna, who studied under Shkop for a year in 1906, before leaving to the Slabodka yeshiva when Rabbi Shkop himself left. During World War I, the communal leaders urged him to leave before the Germans arrived, but he refused and stayed with his community.

paragraph: Section::::Grodno.

paragraph: Between 1920 and 1939, at the request of Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski, he succeeded Rabbi Alter Shmuelevitz as Rosh Yeshiva of the renowned "Sha'ar HaTorah" in Grodno. He raised the level of the institution and transformed it into one of the finest yeshivos in Poland and beyond. Hundreds of young men flocked there from near and far. One of his students there was Rabbi Dovid Lifshitz, later to become the Suvalker Rav.

paragraph: For many years, Rabbi Zelik Epstein, who was married to a granddaughter of Rabbi Shkop, has headed a successor institution in Queens, known as Yeshivath Shaar Hatorah - Grodno.

paragraph: As a young man of eighteen, Rabbi Chaim Shmuelevitz was invited by Rabbi Shimon to give the third level lecture in the Yeshivah Ketanah in Grodno. At the age of 22, he headed a group of students who transferred from Grodno to Mir. However, his four years in Grodno with Rabbi Shimon had a profound influence on his approach to Talmudic analysis.

paragraph: Section::::Yeshiva University.

paragraph: In 1928, Rabbi Shkop traveled to the United States in order to raise much needed funds for the Yeshiva. After delivering a lecture at Yeshiva University, he eventually acceded to Rabbi Bernard (Dov) Revel's invitation to serve as a Rosh Yeshiva of Rabbeinu Yitzchak Elchanan (RIETS) in New York. In his absence from Poland, he was greatly missed by Rabbis Yisrael Meir Kagan and Chaim Ozer Grodzinski, who pleaded with him to return. He also received a scathing letter from Rav Yeruchom Levovitz, the mashgiach of Mir, which, according to an eyewitness, he ignored. In 1929, for unknown reasons, Shkop returned to Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Character and personality.

paragraph: Rabbi Shkop had a warm and open personality. He was an active member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of the Agudas Yisroel. Many of his students attained distinction, among them Rabbis Elchonon Wasserman of Baronovitch, Yisrael Zev Gustman, Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman of Ponevezh and Isser Yehuda Unterman, a future Israeli Chief Rabbi. Dayan Michoel Fisher of London was also a pupil of Rabbi Shkop.

paragraph: Rabbi Shkop formed close bonds with [the younger] Rabbi Yehuda Zev Segal, the future Manchester Rosh Yeshiva. He would sometimes come to England to raise funds for his yeshiva, and Rabbi Segal took advantage of these opportunities to serve as his attendant, spending one vacation at Rabbi Shimon's summer resort, studying with him and accompanying him on his walks.

paragraph: Section::::Major works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sha'arei Yosher" (1925)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ma'arekhet ha-Kinyanim" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Novellae on tractates Bava Kamma, Bava Metzia, and Bava Basra (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Novellae on Nedarim, Gittin, and Kiddushin (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Novellae on Yevamos and Ketuvot (1957)

paragraph: Rabbi Shkop's Talmudic insights are studied in yeshivos throughout the world.

paragraph: "Sha'arei Yosher" is largely concerned with the intellectual principles by which the law is established, rather than with concrete laws, and is stylistically similar to the Shev Shema'tata of Aryeh Leib HaCohen Heller, on which it was partly based.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: As the Russian army was about to enter Grodno during World War II, he ordered his students to flee to Vilna. He himself died two days later, on the 9th of Cheshvan 5700 (1939) in Grodno. Shkop is buried in the Jewish cemetery in the Zaniemanski Forshtat section of Grodno.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaarei Yosher Vol 1 with commentaries, Jerusalem, 5770, Harav Daniel Meir Assayag

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaarei Yosher Vol 2 with commentaries, Jerusalem, 5772, Harav Daniel Meir Assayag

paragraph: BULLET::::- Introduction to Sha'arei Yosher

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: Lithuanian rabbi

wikidata_label: Shimon Shkop

wikipedia_title: Shimon Shkop


text:
Tupi language
aboriginal Indian
chieftain
Tupinambá
Cabo Frio
Rio de Janeiro
Bertioga
São Paulo
Ubatuba
Tamoyo Confederation
military alliance
tribe
Portuguese
French
Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon
Huguenot
admiral
France Antarctique
André de Thevet
German
soldier of fortune
sailor
Hans Staden
warrior
cannibal
Jesuit
São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga
megalopolis
São Paulo
Manoel da Nóbrega
José de Anchieta
Tupi language
knight
Estácio de Sá
Temimino
bubonic plague
Guanabara Bay

categories: 16th-century deaths from plague (disease),Indigenous leaders of the Americas,Brazilian people of indigenous peoples descent,16th-century Brazilian people,Year of birth unknown,Tupí people,16th-century indigenous people of the Americas

paragraph: Cunhambebe

paragraph: Cunhambebe (more correctly pronounced Quonambec in his native Tupi language) was an aboriginal Indian chieftain of the Tupinambá tribe, which dominated the region between present-day Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro) and Bertioga (São Paulo). He lived in a village in Iperoig (near present-day Ubatuba).

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Cunhambebe was also the main force and elected chief of the Tamoyo Confederation, a military alliance between the sea coast tribes against the Portuguese colonists. The Tamoyo Confederation waged war against the Portuguese until the Peace of Iperoig in 1567. They also fought the Portuguese forces in alliance with the French invaders commanded by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon (1510–1571), a Huguenot admiral, in the historical episode which became known as the France Antarctique.

paragraph: According to the description of French priest André de Thevet, the German soldier of fortune and sailor Hans Staden (1525–1579) was a prisoner of Cunhambebe's father (who had the same name) between 1554 and 1557. The Tupinambá were fierce warriors and cannibals, as described by Hans Staden, who narrowly escaped several times of being killed and eaten by Cunhambebe's Indians.

paragraph: The war waged by the Tamoyo Confederation was strongly affecting the Portuguese colonisation efforts, so the two Portuguese Jesuit priests who had founded São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga (which became the present-day megalopolis of São Paulo), Manoel da Nóbrega (1517–1570) and José de Anchieta (1534–1597) started a peace mission by doing a high risk visit to Cunhambebe's village. Although they were received with mistrust, Anchieta spoke Tupi language very well and they were spared death.

paragraph: Eventually, Anchieta succeeded in negotiating a peace treaty, which was respected by Cunhambebe and the Tupinambás. The peace treaty ended when an attack force led by Portuguese knight D. Estácio de Sá (1520–1567) tried to expel the French invaders. In this occasion, the Tamoyo tribes came to help the Frenchmen, particularly because they felt betrayed by the Portuguese, and also because the Temimino tribes, their traditional and bitter enemies, fought on the side of the Portuguese.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Cunhambebe died of bubonic plague just after the arrival of Villegaigon's fleet to the Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro, before the events which eventually led to the almost complete destruction of the Tamoyos towards the end of the 16th century.

wikidata_label: Cunhambebe

wikipedia_title: Cunhambebe


text:
Hishikawa Moronobu
Sugimura Jihei
Torii Kiyomasu II
Lane, Richard
OCLC 5246796

paragraph: Torii Kiyomasu

paragraph: In the 1710s, prints signed with Kiyomasu's name far outnumber those with the signature of Kiyonobu. If the two were distinct artists, this could indicate that the elder artist, the head of the school, devoted more time to the kabuki billboards and other works which were more the official province of the workshop, while the younger was left to do prints. On the other hand, even if the two were the same person, this could simply be explained by the use of different names on different types of work.

paragraph: Though his style is said to be somewhat more graceful than Kiyonobu's, they are difficult to tell apart, as are most works by other Torii artists. However, there are certain stylistic elements that do stand out as differences between the two artists. While Kiyonobu's work was based largely on that of Hishikawa Moronobu, and was very masculine in nature, with sharp, bold lines, Kiyomasu's works, while very similar at first glance, are in fact softer and more graceful; they are said to show a "lack of seriousness of intent". This shift is attributed to an emulation of the styles of Moronobu's chief competitor, Sugimura Jihei.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torii Kiyomasu II

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane, Richard. (1978). "Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print." Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 5246796

alias:
Torii Kiyomasu I
Kiyomasu
Tori Kiyomasu
Kyomasu I
Kiyomasu Torii

description: Japanese painter

wikidata_label: Torii Kiyomasu

wikipedia_title: Torii Kiyomasu


text: jazz pianist

text: Original Dixieland Jazz Band

text: Original Dixieland Jass Band

text: Johnny Stein

text: Dixieland Jass Band One-Step

text: Clarinet Marmalade

text: Livery Stable Blues

text: Clarinet Marmalade

text: At the Jazz Band Ball

text: Sensation Rag

text: Dixieland Jass Band One-Step

text: J. Russel Robinson

text: Darktown Strutters' Ball

text: Grammy Hall of Fame

text: "Bluin' the Blues"

categories: 19th-century American pianists,American jazz pianists,Original Dixieland Jass Band members,1919 deaths,1891 births,American male pianists,20th-century American pianists,19th-century male musicians,Deaths from Spanish flu,20th-century male musicians,Jazz musicians from New Orleans

paragraph: Henry Ragas

paragraph: Henry W. Ragas (January 1, 1891 – February 18, 1919) was a jazz pianist who was a member of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, the first jazz band to record commercially.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: He played piano with the Original Dixieland Jass Band on their earliest recording sessions. As such, he is the very first jazz pianist to be recorded (not counting piano rolls), although his contributions are barely audible due to the primitive recording equipment available. His role in the band was to fill out the chords and to provide a bass line. He did not play solos on the recordings.

paragraph: Ragas gained experience as a solo pianist during the period from 1910 to 1913. He traveled with Johnny Stein's band to Chicago in 1916 and left the group to form the Original Dixieland Jazz Band the first jazz group to record. Ragas was on the band's first 21 recordings including "Bluin' the Blues", which he composed. He also wrote "Lazy Daddy", "Dixieland Jass Band One-Step", "Clarinet Marmalade Blues", and "Reisenweber Rag".

paragraph: He played on many Original Dixieland Jass Band classics and standards such as "Livery Stable Blues", regarded as the first jazz recording, "Tiger Rag", one of the most recorded songs in jazz history, "Clarinet Marmalade", "Fidgety Feet", "At the Jazz Band Ball", "Sensation Rag", "Bluin' the Blues", and "Dixieland Jass Band One-Step". He died in the flu epidemic of 1919. He was replaced by J. Russel Robinson.

paragraph: "Darktown Strutters' Ball" (1917) by Original Dixieland Jass Band was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2006

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- U.S. Library of Congress, National Jukebox, featuring original ODJB recordings on Victor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilbur Sweatman's Original Jazz Band's recording of Henry Ragas' composition "Bluin' the Blues" (December 5, 1918) at the Internet Archive.

description: American jazz musician

wikidata_label: Henry Ragas

wikipedia_title: Henry Ragas


text:
OBE
DL
Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland
Helen
Alnwick Castle
Northumberland
Albury House
Surrey
Syon House
Middlesex
Douglas Douglas-Hamilton
Duke of Hamilton

categories: 2008 deaths,Daughters of British dukes,Percy family,Officers of the Order of the British Empire,British duchesses by marriage,1916 births

paragraph: Elizabeth Ivy Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton, OBE, DL (25 May 1916 – 16 September 2008), was the daughter of Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930) and his wife, Helen.

paragraph: She was born as Lady Elizabeth Ivy Percy at Alnwick Castle in Northumberland and spent her youth between there, Albury House in Surrey and Syon House in Middlesex. She was married in 1937 to Douglas Douglas-Hamilton (the then Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale), who subsequently became the 14th Duke of Hamilton and 11th Duke of Brandon.

description: British noble

wikidata_label: Elizabeth Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton and Brandon


text: Governor of American Samoa

text: attack on Pearl Harbor

text: United States Naval Academy

text: Governor of American Samoa

text: Naval Intelligence

text: Washington, D.C.

text: commander

text: destroyer tender

text: Pearl Harbor

text: Oahu

text: Aiea Mountain Range

text: Pearl Harbor

text: Yeoman

text: khaki

text: Schofield Barracks

text: conspiracy theory

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

categories: 20th-century American naval officers,1940s missing person cases,Governors of American Samoa,Year of death uncertain,Missing person cases in Hawaii,1890 births,1941 deaths

paragraph: Thomas C. Latimore

paragraph: Commander Thomas Calloway Latimore (28 June, 1890 - July, 1941?) was an American naval officer who was captain of the , and the 24th (22nd unique) Governor of American Samoa. His disappearance in Hawaii, just months before the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, remains an unsolved mystery.

paragraph: Section::::Naval career.

paragraph: Thomas Latimore was born in Tennessee on June 28, 1890 and entered the United States Naval Academy in 1910. He graduated and was commissioned an ensign in 1914. He was promoted to lieutenant (junior grade) in 1917. He served as acting Governor of American Samoa from April 10 to April 17, 1934. After a brief time at Naval Intelligence in Washington, D.C., Latimore, despite being a commander, was given the command of the destroyer tender USS (AD-3) in April 1941; at Pearl Harbor.

paragraph: Section::::Disappearance.

paragraph: Soon after his arrival on Oahu in April 1941, Latimore, who was described as a quiet, solitary man, began to enjoy hiking in the undeveloped Aiea Mountain Range that overlooked Pearl Harbor (at ). But soon afterwards a Yeoman second class named Kenneth Isaacs on the "Dobbin" recalled that Latimore "came back to the ship, and he had an arm wound which he said he hurt in a fall. For a while he had an arm in a cast."

paragraph: By July 1941, the arm had healed and the cast had been removed. 51 year-old Latimore was last seen heading into the Aiea Mountain wearing his khaki uniform, an old hat and a walking stick.

paragraph: When he failed to return, hundreds of sailors and local police scoured the Aiea Mountains looking for him. Trackers with dogs were brought in from Schofield Barracks but no trace of Latimore was ever found. A Naval investigation into his disappearance was launched in 1941. His disappearance was never explained and was the subject of much local news coverage and rumor before being overshadowed by the Pearl Harbor attack.

paragraph: On 19 July 1942 he was officially declared dead.

paragraph: Section::::U.S. Naval rumors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Within the Navy, many believed he might have been abducted and killed by a local Hawaiian because he had either stumbled upon their activities in the hills or had been specifically targeted because of his Intelligence background.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Another popular naval conspiracy theory involved United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who some believed allowed the attack on Pearl Harbor to happen in order to galvanize the American public into war. Latimore had forewarning of the attack from his Naval Intelligence contacts and decided to disappear before the Japanese strike.

description: American naval officer

wikidata_label: Thomas C. Latimore

wikipedia_title: Thomas C. Latimore


text: Ljubljana

text: Austria-Hungary

text: Ljubljana, Slovenia

text: Michel Fokine

text: Isn't Life Wonderful

text: Hollywood

text: musical

text: Glorifying the American Girl

text: sculptor

text: Harriet Whitney Frishmuth

text: bronzes

text: Nickolas Muray

text: classically trained dancer

text: Paris

text: London

text: George Gershwin

text: Rhapsody in Blue

text: Kit-Cat Club

text: Pathé

text: Casino de Paris

text: Josephine Baker

text: Dordogne

text: Maurice Chevalier

text: German invaders

text: World War II

text: Bergerac, Dordogne

categories: 1899 births,People from Ljubljana,1980 deaths,American dancers,American female dancers,American people of Slovenian descent,Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Desha Delteil

paragraph: Desha Delteil (March 18, 1899 – July 17, 1980) was a Slovenia-born dancer and artists' model.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: She was born Desha Eva Podgoršek in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary (present-day Ljubljana, Slovenia), emigrated to the US with her sister Leja in 1913 and studied under Michel Fokine, eventually becoming first dancer in his company. In 1920 she appeared in a solo short movie, "The Bubble," which was about a young girl dancing with a balloon, and was an uncredited cabaret dancer in the 1924 motion picture "Isn't Life Wonderful". A few years later, her "bubble dance" in the 1929 Hollywood musical "Glorifying the American Girl" made her well known.

paragraph: In 1916, she was hired to pose for sculptor Harriet Whitney Frishmuth and modeled for several of Frishmuth's female bronzes, one of which Frishmuth entitled "Desha". She became Frishmuth's favorite model, posing not only for a number of her best pieces but also for her studio art classes. She is known to have posed for "The Vine" and "Roses of Yesterday", and is presumed to have posed for "The Hunt" based on similarities of form and figure. Delteil modeled for other artists as well, being highly valued for her ability to hold difficult poses for extended periods. She was the first model for the well known photographer Nickolas Muray (1892-1965), who was for a short time her brother-in-law.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: She married Jean Henry Raoul Delteil, known as Jean Myrio, another classically trained dancer from Fokine's company. In the 1930s she and Myrio performed at a number of nightclubs in Paris and London, and their dance interpretation of George Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue" at the Kit-Cat Club was recorded in a Pathé motion picture review. In 1939 they worked at the Casino de Paris together with Josephine Baker. Jean had a small house in the Dordogne where Maurice Chevalier, with friends Baker and Nita Raya, were hidden from German invaders during World War II. After the war, Desha and her husband established the first classical dance school in the French town of Bergerac, Dordogne. A French source claims she died in 1980 and is buried in Bergerac.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Eastman House images of Desha Deteil

description: American dancer and artists' model

wikidata_label: Desah Delteil

wikipedia_title: Desha Delteil


text: dayyan

text: Smyrna

text: Talmudic

text: Book of Esther

text: Moses Ḥagis

text: Spanish

text: Eleazar of Worms

text: kabalistic

text: responsa

text: parashiyyot

text: Talmudic

text: Midrashic

text: Psalms

text: Abot

text: Pesaḥ Haggadah

text: Pentateuch

text: Abodah Zarah

text: Ta'anit

text: Hafṭarot

text: Song of Songs

text: Book of Ruth

text: Book of Esther

text: Lamentations

text: Pirḳe Rabbi Eliezer

text: Otiyyot de-Rabbi Aḳiba

text: Kallah

text: Semaḥot

text: Derek Ereẓ Rabbah

text: Derek Ereẓ Zuṭa

text: Tanna debe Eliyahu

text: Tiḳḳune ha-'Aberot

text: Aggadah

text: Jerusalem Talmud

text: Azulai

text: Michael, Or ha-Ḥayyim

text: Jellinek

text: Steinschneider

text: Kaufmann Kohler

text: M. Seligsohn

categories: Rabbis of the Ottoman Empire,Kohanim writers of Rabbinic literature,18th-century rabbis,1729 deaths,Smyrniote Jews

paragraph: Elijah ben Solomon Abraham ha-Kohen

paragraph: Elijah ben Solomon Abraham ha-Kohen (died 1729) was dayyan of Smyrna, almoner and preacher.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Elijah produced over 30 works, of which the principal, according to Wunderbar ("Orient, Lit." p. 579), are as follows:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Midrash Eliyahu," eleven funeral sermons and a commentary on the Talmudic sayings relative to the Book of Esther (Constantinople, 1693)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Midrash ha-Izmiri," homilies (ib. 1695)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Midrash Talpiyyot," glosses and comments taken from 300 works and containing 926 (the numerical value of the word "Talpiyyot") paragraphs in alphabetical order: only the first part, from "alef" to "kaf," was published (Amsterdam, 1698)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Me'il Ẓedaḳah," a treatise on charity (ib. 1704)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shebeṭ Musar," on ethics, the best known of his works, divided into fifty-two chapters corresponding to the weeks of the year, and taken for the most part from the "Or Ḳadmon" of Moses Ḥagis, the "Tokaḥot" of the Spanish poets, the "Orḥot Ḥayyim," and the "Roḳeaḥ" of Eleazar of Worms (Constantinople, 1712)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Megalleh Ẓefunot," kabalistic treatises (Porizk, 1785)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "She'elot u-Teshubot," responsa (Sudilkov, 1796)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Minḥat Eliyahu," sermons (Salonica, 1824)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Semukim le-'Ad," homiletic treatise on the parashiyyot (ib. 1826)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We-Lo 'Od Ella," a treatise on the Talmudic and Midrashic passages beginning with these words (Smyrna, 1853).

paragraph: Elijah's other works are not yet published (as of 1906). They include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- a commentary to the Psalms

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ezor Eliyahu," a commentary to Abot and to the Pesaḥ Haggadah

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ṭa'ame ha-Miẓwot," a treatise on the 613 commandments

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sheloshah Mahadurot," a commentary to the Pentateuch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shiṭṭah," on the Abodah Zarah

paragraph: BULLET::::- a commentary to the difficult passages in the Ta'anit

paragraph: BULLET::::- a commentary to the Hafṭarot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ḥiddushim Nifradim", "Yado ha-Kol," comprising commentaries to the Song of Songs, Book of Ruth, and Book of Esther, each under a different title

paragraph: BULLET::::- mystical glosses to the Song of Songs and Esther

paragraph: BULLET::::- a commentary to Lamentations

paragraph: BULLET::::- commentaries to Pirḳe Rabbi Eliezer, Otiyyot de-Rabbi Aḳiba, Kallah, Semaḥot, Derek Ereẓ Rabbah and Derek Ereẓ Zuṭa, Tanna debe Eliyahu, and Tiḳḳune ha-'Aberot

paragraph: BULLET::::- one treatise and three sermons on repentance

paragraph: BULLET::::- a commentary to various prayers

paragraph: BULLET::::- a commentary to the Aggadah of the Jerusalem Talmud

paragraph: Section::::Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, i. 22;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael, Or ha-Ḥayyim, No. 407:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jellinek, B. H. i. 16, Preface;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 932;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fürst, Bibl. Jud. i. 238;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedenstein, 'Ir Gibborim.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jewish Encyclopedia article on Elijah ben Solomon Abraham ha-Kohen, by Kaufmann Kohler and M. Seligsohn.

description: Ottoman rabbi

wikidata_label: Elijah ben Solomon Abraham ha-Kohen

wikipedia_title: Elijah ben Solomon Abraham ha-Kohen


text:
Estonian
ancient Estonia
Sakala County
conquest of the Estonian lands
German
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
Chronicle of Henry of Livonia
Latin
Sakala
Pskov
Novgorod Republic
Suure-Jaani
Estonians
Battle of St. Matthew's Day
Caupo of Turaida
Livonian Crusade
Rulers of Estonia
Sakala
Sackalia
Vetseke
Lembitu
Monument of Lembitu in Suure-Jaani

categories: Estonian nobility,Pagans of the Livonian Crusade,People of medieval Estonia,Year of birth unknown,1217 deaths,Military personnel killed in action

paragraph: Lembitu

paragraph: Lembitu (Estonian also: Lembit, died 21 September 1217) was an ancient Estonian king of Sakala County and military leader in the struggle against conquest of the Estonian lands by the German Livonian Brothers of the Sword at the beginning of the 13th century. He is the only Estonian pre-Crusade ruler, about whom some biographical information is known (he is mentioned only in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia).

paragraph: Lembitu, also referred to in Latin as "Lambite", "Lembito" or "Lembitus", was first mentioned in chronicles in 1211. Troops led by Lembitu destroyed a troop of missionaries in the historical Estonian county of Sakala ("Sackalia") and made a raid as far as Pskov, then a town of the Novgorod Republic. In 1215, Lembitu's Lehola ("Leal") stronghold (situated near the present town of Suure-Jaani) was taken by Germans and Lembitu was taken prisoner. He was released in 1217.

paragraph: Lembitu attempted to unite the Estonians in order to withstand the German conquest. He managed to assemble an army of 6,000 Estonian men from different counties, but was killed in the following Battle of St. Matthew's Day in September 1217.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caupo of Turaida

paragraph: BULLET::::- Livonian Crusade

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rulers of Estonia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sakala/Sackalia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vetseke

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lembitu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monument of Lembitu in Suure-Jaani

description: estonian noble

wikidata_label: Lembitu

wikipedia_title: Lembitu


text: German-American

text: politician

text: Darlington, Wisconsin

text: Lafayette County, Wisconsin

text: Twin Buttes, Arizona

categories: Wisconsin state court judges,1932 deaths,Mayors of places in Wisconsin,People from Darlington, Wisconsin,Wisconsin lawyers,1856 births,Mayors of Milwaukee,German emigrants to the United States

paragraph: David Stuart Rose

paragraph: David Stuart Rose (June 30, 1856 – August 8, 1932) was a German-American politician and was twice elected mayor of the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin serving from 1898 to 1906 and from 1908 to 1910. Born in Darlington, Wisconsin, he joined his father's law firm in Darlington. He served as mayor of Darlington in 1883 and 1884 and was county judge of Lafayette County, Wisconsin. In 1886, he moved to Milwaukee where he practiced law. Rose died in Milwaukee.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Twin Buttes, Arizona

description: American mayor

wikidata_label: David Stuart Rose

wikipedia_title: David Stuart Rose


text: mathematician

text: science fiction writer

text: Aberdeen

text: factor

text: San Jose, California

text: Bedford

text: Montreal

text: Bedford Modern School

text: Edward Mann Langley

text: Stanford University

text: University of Washington

text: Columbia University

text: Cassius Jackson Keyser

text: California Institute of Technology

text: number theory

text: Bell series

text: umbral calculus

text: generating function

text: power series

text: convergence

text: Bell polynomials

text: Bell number

text: combinatorics

text: Bôcher Memorial Prize

text: mathematical analysis

text: Watsonville, California

text: science fiction

text: pseudonym

text: Hugo Gernsback

text: The New York Times

text: Men of Mathematics

text: Sofia Kovalevskaya

text: Julia Robinson

text: John Forbes Nash, Jr.

text: Andrew Wiles

text: Évariste Galois

text: Georg Cantor

text: Leopold Kronecker

text: PDF/DjVu copy

text: Internet Archive

text: " The Cyclotomic Quinary Quintic"

text: "The Queen of the Sciences"

text: Hyperion Press

text: "The Handmaiden of the Sciences"

text: Williams & Wilkins

text: Men of Mathematics

text: Dover Publications

text: McGraw-Hill

text: Simon & Schuster

text: Mathematical Association of America

text: pp. 1–30

text: Green Fire

text: The Iron Star

text: The White Lily

text: The Time Stream

text: Seeds of Life

text: The Forbidden Garden

text: The Cosmic Geoids and One Other

text: The Crystal Horde

text: G.O.G. 666

text: Biographical sketch by Constance Reid

text: MAA presidents: Eric Temple

text: Author profile

text: zbMATH

categories: Historians of mathematics,University of Washington alumni,Presidents of the Mathematical Association of America,University of Washington faculty,1960 deaths,Mathematics popularizers,20th-century American male writers,Columbia University alumni,People from Peterhead,Scottish novelists,American male novelists,Scottish mathematicians,Stanford University alumni,People from Watsonville, California,20th-century American novelists,Combinatorialists,California Institute of Technology faculty,Scottish science fiction writers,1883 births,20th-century American mathematicians,American science fiction writers,Scottish expatriates in the United States,20th-century Scottish writers,People educated at Bedford Modern School,Novelists from California

paragraph: Eric Temple Bell

paragraph: Eric Temple Bell (February 7, 1883 – December 21, 1960) was a Scottish-born mathematician and science fiction writer who lived in the United States for most of his life. He published non-fiction using his given name and fiction as John Taine.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bell was born in Peterhead, Aberdeen, Scotland, but his father, a factor, relocated to San Jose, California in 1884, when he was fifteen months old. The family returned to Bedford, England after his father's death, on January 4, 1896. Bell returned to the United States by way of Montreal in 1902.

paragraph: Bell was educated at Bedford Modern School, where his teacher Edward Mann Langley inspired him to continue the study of mathematics, Stanford University, the University of Washington, and Columbia University (where he was a student of Cassius Jackson Keyser). He was part of the faculty first at the University of Washington and later at the California Institute of Technology.

paragraph: He researched number theory; see in particular Bell series. He attempted—not altogether successfully—to make the traditional umbral calculus (understood at that time to be the same thing as the "symbolic method" of Blissard) logically rigorous. He also did much work using generating functions, treated as formal power series, without concern for convergence. He is the eponym of the Bell polynomials and the Bell numbers of combinatorics. In 1924 he was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize for his work in mathematical analysis. He died in 1960 in Watsonville, California.

paragraph: Section::::Fiction and poetry.

paragraph: During the early 1920s, Bell wrote several long poems. He also wrote several science fiction novels, which independently invented some of the earliest devices and ideas of science fiction. Only the novel "The Purple Sapphire" was published at the time, using the pseudonym John Taine; this was before Hugo Gernsback and the "genre" publication of science fiction. His novels were published later, both in book form and serialized in magazines. Basil Davenport, writing in "The New York Times", described Taine as "one of the first real scientists to write science-fiction [who] did much to bring it out of the interplanetary cops-and-robbers stage." But he concluded that "[Taine] is sadly lacking as a novelist, in style and especially in characterization."

paragraph: Section::::Writing about mathematics.

paragraph: Bell wrote a book of biographical essays titled "Men of Mathematics", (one chapter of which was the first popular account of the 19th century woman mathematician Sofia Kovalevskaya) and which is still in print. The book inspired notable mathematicians including Julia Robinson, John Forbes Nash, Jr., and Andrew Wiles to begin a career as a mathematician. However, historians of mathematics have disputed the accuracy of much of Bell's history. In fact, Bell does not distinguish carefully between anecdote and history. He has been much criticized for romanticizing Évariste Galois. For example: "[E. T.] Bell's account [of Galois's life], by far the most famous, is also the most fictitious."

paragraph: His treatment of Georg Cantor, which reduced Cantor's relationships with his father and with Leopold Kronecker to stereotypes, has been criticized even more severely.

paragraph: Bell's later book "Development of Mathematics" has been less famous, but Constance Reid finds it has fewer weaknesses. "The Last Problem" is a hybrid, between a social history and a history of mathematics.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Non-fiction books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Arithmetical Theory of Certain Numerical Functions", Seattle Washington, The University, 1915, 50p. PDF/DjVu copy from Internet Archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- " The Cyclotomic Quinary Quintic", Lancaster, Pennsylvania, The New Era Printing Company, 1912, 97p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Algebraic Arithmetic", New York, American Mathematical Society, 1927, 180p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Debunking Science", Seattle, University of Washington book store, 1930, 40p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Queen of the Sciences", Stechert, 1931, 138p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Numerology", Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co., 1933, 187p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint: Westport, CT: Hyperion Press, 1979, , 187p. – "Reprint of the ed. published by Century Co., New York"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Search for Truth", Baltimore, Reynal and Hitchcock, 1934, 279p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint: Williams and Wilkins Co, 1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Handmaiden of the Sciences", Williams & Wilkins, 1937, 216p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Man and His Lifebelts", New York, Reynal & Hitchcock, 1938, 340p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1935, 2nd printing 1946

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint: Kessinger Publishing, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Men of Mathematics", New York, Simon & Schuster, 1937, 592p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint: Touchstone (Simon & Schuster paperback), 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Development of Mathematics", New York, McGraw–Hill, 1940, 637p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Edition: New York, McGraw–Hill, 1945, 637p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint: Dover Publications, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Magic of Numbers", Whittlesey House, 1946, 418p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint: New York, Dover Publications, 1991, , 418p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint: Sacred Science Institute, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mathematics: Queen and Servant of Science", McGraw-Hill, 1951, 437p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Problem", New York, Simon & Schuster, 1961, 308p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reprint: Mathematical Association of America, 1990, , 326p.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Scholarly papers.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arithmetical paraphrases". In: "Transactions of the American Mathematical Society" 22, 1921, pp. 1–30 and 198–219

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arithmetical equivalents for a remarkable identity between theta functions". In: "Mathematische Zeitschrift" 13, 1922, pp. 146–152

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Existence theorems on the numbers of representations of odd integers as sums of 4"t" + 2 squares". In: "Crelles Journal" 163, 1930, pp. 65–70

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exponential numbers". In: "The American Mathematical Monthly" 41, 1934, pp. 411–419

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Novels.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Purple Sapphire" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gold Tooth" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quayle's Invention" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Green Fire" (1928)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Greatest Adventure" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Iron Star" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The White Lily" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Time Stream" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seeds of Life" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Before the Dawn" (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tomorrow" (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Forbidden Garden" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cosmic Geoids and One Other" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crystal Horde" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "G.O.G. 666" (1954)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Poetry.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Singer" (1916)

paragraph: Section::::Quotes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Obvious is the most dangerous word in mathematics."

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reid, Constance (1993). "The Search for E. T. Bell, Also Known as John Taine". Washington, DC: Mathematical Association of America. x + 372 pp. . .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rothman, T. (1982). "Genius and biographers: the fictionalization of Evariste Galois". "American Mathematics Monthly" 89, no. 2, 84–106.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Further reading

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical sketch by Constance Reid

paragraph: BULLET::::- MAA presidents: Eric Temple

paragraph: BULLET::::- (distinct from Bell)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (distinct from Taine)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Author profile in the database zbMATH

description: mathematician and science fiction author born in Scotland who lived in the United States for most of his life

enwikiquote_title: Eric Temple Bell

wikidata_label: Eric Temple Bell

wikipedia_title: Eric Temple Bell


text:
Patriarch of Alexandria
Patriarch of Alexandria
Timothy III Salophakiolos
Council of Chalcedon
Henoticon
Miaphysite
Peter Mongus
Pope Simplicius
Felix III
Acacian schism
Bishop of Nola

categories: 5th-century archbishops,Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria,5th-century Egyptian people

paragraph: Patriarch John I of Alexandria

paragraph: John Talaia was Patriarch of Alexandria from 481 until 482.

paragraph: He was consecrated Patriarch of Alexandria in 481, succeeding Timothy III Salophakiolos.

paragraph: He was a convinced adherent of the Council of Chalcedon and refused to sign Emperor Zeno's Henoticon (which glossed over the Council of Chalcedon). Because of this, the Emperor expelled him and recognized the Miaphysite claimant Peter Mongus as the legitimate Patriarch on the condition that he would sign the Henoticon. Mongus complied and was recognized by the Patriarchs of Antioch and Constantinople.

paragraph: John fled to Rome, where he was welcomed by Pope Simplicius. This Pope, or his successor Felix III, refused to recognize Mongus and defended Talaia's rights in two letters to Acacius of Constantinople. As Acacius maintained the Henoticon and communion with Mongus, the Pope excommunicated the Patriarchs in 484. This Acacian schism lasted until 519.

paragraph: John eventually relinquished his claim to the see of Alexandria and became Bishop of Nola.

wikidata_label: Patriarch John I of Alexandria

wikipedia_title: Patriarch John I of Alexandria


text: starting pitcher

text: Major League Baseball

text: Boston Red Sox

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: San Francisco Giants

text: Chicago Cubs

text: Chicago White Sox

text: New York Yankees

text: strikeout

text: ERA

text: innings

text: Monroe, Louisiana

text: All-Star

text: disabled list

text: Dubach, Louisiana

text: The Deadball Era

categories: Boston Red Sox players,Baseball players from Louisiana,Chicago White Sox players,National League All-Stars,1984 deaths,Chicago Cubs players,Accidental deaths in Louisiana,New York Yankees players,1950 births,Sportspeople from Monroe, Louisiana,St. Louis Cardinals players,Major League Baseball pitchers,San Francisco Giants players,African-American baseball players

paragraph: Lynn McGlothen

paragraph: Lynn Everett McGlothen (March 27, 1950 – August 14, 1984) was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. From 1972 through 1981, McGlothen played for the Boston Red Sox (1972–1973), St. Louis Cardinals (1974–1976), San Francisco Giants (1977–1978), Chicago Cubs (1978–1981), Chicago White Sox (1981) and New York Yankees (1982). He threw right-handed.

paragraph: In an 11-season career, McGlothen posted an 86–93 record with 939 strikeouts and a 3.98 ERA in 1492.2 innings.

paragraph: A native of Monroe, Louisiana, McGlothen pitched in part of two seasons for the Boston Red Sox. He had his first full season with the Cardinals in 1974, finishing 16–12 with a 2.70 ERA and an All-Star berth. He had 15 and 13 wins in 1975 and 1976, respectively, and was traded to the Giants before 1977. On August 19, 1975, he struck out three batters on nine pitches in the second inning of a 2–1 win over the powerful Cincinnati Reds after yielding a single by Tony Perez to begin the inning.

paragraph: Hampered by a shoulder problem, McGlothen spent much of 1977 on the disabled list and was sent to the Cubs in 1978 during midseason. He won 13 for the Cubs in 1979 and 12 in 1980, but elbow problems limited him to six starts with the Cubs and White Sox the following year before closing out his career with the Yankees in 1982.

paragraph: McGlothen was killed at age 34 in a mobile home fire in Dubach, Louisiana, in 1984.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Deadball Era

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Lynn McGlothen

wikipedia_title: Lynn McGlothen


text: Termoli

text: Molise

text: Macerata

text: Firenze

text: Il Vittorioso

text: Cip l'arcipoliziotto

text: Ali Baba

text: Don Quixote

text: Tarzan

text: Mandrago

text: Il Travaso delle idee

text: Il Giorno

text: Enrico Mattei

text: Cocco Bill

text: Il Corriere dei Piccoli

text: Zorry Kid

text: Linus

text: Kama Sutra

text: article from Lambiek Comiclopedia

categories: 1997 deaths,1923 births,People from the Province of Campobasso

paragraph: Benito Jacovitti

paragraph: Benito Jacovitti (March 19, 1923 – December 3, 1997) was an Italian comic artist.

paragraph: Benito Jacovitti was born in Termoli, Molise. He was still a kid when he started drawing on the pavement of the village's streets. The son of a railwayman, Benito entered Macerata's art school at age 11, graduating to Firenze's art institute five years later. Here he received the nickname "lisca di pesce" ("fishbone") because of his thin figure, that he will use as his signature during his career.

paragraph: In 1939 Jacovitti started working for the Florentine satirical magazine "Il Brivido" and, a year later, he began an almost 30 years long collaboration with "Il Vittorioso", a Catholic comic magazine targeted at teenagers and young adults that only published Italian artists. There he created several characters: Pippo, Pertica e Palla, Oreste il guastafeste, Chicchiricchì, Cip l'arcipoliziotto and his nemesis Zagar, Giacinto corsaro dipinto, Jack Mandolino, La signora Carlomagno, adaptations of classic like "Ali Baba" and "Don Quixote," and parodies of famous comics like "L'onorevole Tarzan" and "Il mago Mandrago". During this period, he also contributed cartoons to the satirical weekly "Il Travaso delle idee".

paragraph: Starting from 1949, Jacovitti produced a series of cartoons for school diaries, named "I Diari Vitt" (short for "Vittorioso") and published by A.V.E. These books made him a household name among kids and parents, and he kept producing them until 1980.

paragraph: In 1956 he began working for the newspaper "Il Giorno", then owned by Enrico Mattei, where he created his best known character, the cowboy Cocco Bill, as well as the private eye Tom Ficcanaso.

paragraph: Ten years later Jacovitti left "Il Giorno" to join the glorious "Il Corriere dei Piccoli", then the most popular weekly publication for kids, for which he renewed old characters as Cip l'Arcipoliziotto and Zagar, and created new ones as Zorry Kid, Tarallino Tarallà and others.

paragraph: In 1973 he published the controversial "Gionni Peppe" on the left-wing oriented magazine "Linus", followed in 1981 by "Joe Balordo".

paragraph: Jacovitti's unique artstyle is immediately appealing to both kids and adults: his characters sport huge noses and feet, his pages are chock full of details and all sort of objects and weird creatures born from his untamed creativity (like his salami, often drawn with little legs or smiley faces). While most of his production was geared toward humour and parody, Jacovitti did not shy away from more controversial material like the erotic book "Kamasultra" (based on the "Kama Sutra") and political cartoons.

paragraph: During his career, Jacovitti created more than 60 characters and produced around 150 books, making him one of the most prolific and original artists in comic book history.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cocco Bill and other characters bibliography

paragraph: BULLET::::- article from Lambiek Comiclopedia

description: artist

wikidata_label: Benito Jacovitti

wikipedia_title: Benito Jacovitti