text:
contralto
Hershey School of Musical Art
Chicago
Indiantown, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Benjamin
Mira
Munich
Hershey Lumber Company
Philadelphia
Doane Academy
Burlington, New Jersey
Muscatine, Iowa
Berlin
Julius Stern
Stern Conservatory
Theodor Kullak
Gustav Engel
Milan
London
Charlotte Sainton-Dolby
Great Chicago Fire
New York City
Packer Collegiate Institute
Brooklyn
Chatham University
Pittsburgh
William Smythe Babcock Matthews
Hershey Music Hall
Clarence Eddy
Lake Michigan
Indianapolis
American College of Musicians
World's Fair in Chicago
Theodore Thomas
John Darlington Marsh

categories: American women non-fiction writers,Founders of schools in the United States,1837 births,American contraltos,American female musicians,American women pianists,People from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania,Journalists from Pennsylvania,Educators from Pennsylvania,American pianists,Women music educators,American music educators,American non-fiction writers,Musicians from Pennsylvania,1911 deaths,American magazine editors

paragraph: Sara Hershey-Eddy

paragraph: Sara Hershey-Eddy (née Sarah Hershey; 1837 – 8 July 1911) was an American musician, pianist, contralto vocalist, vocal instructor, and musical educator. She founded the Hershey School of Musical Art in Chicago.

paragraph: Section::::Early years and education.

paragraph: Of Pennsylvania Dutch (German) ancestry, Sara Hershey was born in 1837, near Indiantown, Pennsylvania in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Benjamin (died 1893) and Elizabeth Hershey. Her father was a lumber and farming businessman. Her mother was Elizabeth Witmer of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Sara had three sisters, Mary Amanda, Elizabeth and Mira. Elizabeth died in early maidenhood, at Muscatine in 1856, and Amanda died in Munich, Germany where she had gone to complete her studies, in December, 1876. Prior to going abroad she had for several years been chief accountant in her father’s office. For several years past, after completing her studies abroad, Mira has taken an active interest in the operations of the Hershey Lumber Company and has held office therein as secretary and vice-president, before becoming a Hollywood hotel proprietor and property developer.

paragraph: From childhood, Hershey has been musically inclined. At 14 years of age, she went to Philadelphia where she received her education and early musical training, signing in a church choir for several years. Bad training resulted in the ruin of her voice, and she turned her attention to the piano.

paragraph: Upon leaving Philadelphia, she went to St. Mary's Hall (now Doane Academy), Burlington, New Jersey, where she remained a year and a half, when she came West with her parents to Muscatine, Iowa, and began teaching, going East at intervals for the purpose of study. In 1867, she went to Berlin, Germany, in order to finish her musical education, and became a pupil of Professor Julius Stern, in the Stern Conservatory, studying harmony, counterpoint, score-reading and piano-playing. She took vocal instruction from Jennie Mayer. This training was followed by piano study under Theodor Kullak of the Conservatory, and vocalization from Gustav Engel. She also was a pupil under Gottfried Weiss. During her sojourn in Germany, she found time to master the German language, and to gain a wide acquaintance with the German poets and dramas of the day.

paragraph: After a stay of 3.5 years in Berlin, she went to Milan, Italy, where she studied singing with Professor Gerli, and visited the classes of the older Lamperti. During her stay at Milan, she devoted her entire attention to the Italian methods of opera-singing, and learned the Italian language. Having accomplished her aims in the Italian schools she went to London, England, and studied with Charlotte Sainton-Dolby, in oratorio and English singing, for a number of months.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Upon her return to the US, she learned of the Great Chicago Fire in 1871. Changing her intention of locating in Chicago, she went to New York City, where she remained nearly two years, engaged in concert and church singing and giving instructions in music and singing at the Packer Collegiate Institute, of Brooklyn. She received offer an to take charge of the vocal department of the Pennsylvania Female College (now Chatham University), Pittsburgh, which she accepted, with a salary the largest ever paid to a woman teacher in that state. In the following year, she was induced to assume the entire control of the musical department of that institution.

paragraph: In August, 1875, she came to Chicago and founded the Hershey School of Musical Art, with William Smythe Babcock Matthews, which become the leading institution of its kind in the West. The Hershey Music Hall, built by her father, was erected in 1876. It soon gained a national reputation, with Clarence Eddy as its general musical director. During the existence of this institution, it was remarkably successful in departments not generally successful in American schools. A large number of organists was trained; composers, who proved the excellence of their teaching by producing works large in style and presentable in quality, were given a hearing; and a considerable number of accomplished singers went forth to give recitals of song of every national school. It was upon his own organ in Hershey Music Hall that Mr. Eddy gave his great and unprecedented series of recitals of organ music, containing no repetitions. This remarkable task occupied nearly two years, the recitals occurring every Saturday. Over 500 compositions were performed, and every national school, old or new, was represented. The closing recital, June 23, 1879, was turned into an ovation, the program consisting almost entirely of original works written expressly for the occasion. In 1879, she married Clarence Eddy. The responsibilities of such an institution, however, became too arduous, and in 1885, husband and wife retired to private teaching, with a large following of pupils. Their apartments offered a commanding view of Lake Michigan.

paragraph: For years, Hershey-Eddy was a prominent member of the Music Teachers' National Association, and did much to make that organization a success. At Indianapolis, June, 1887, she was elected to the Board of Examiners in the vocal department in the American College of Musicians. She contributed a number of valuable articles to musical journals. In 1893, she was made vice-president of the Woman's Musical Congress at the World's Fair in Chicago, and was one of the Examining Committee of Musical Competition, of which Theodore Thomas was the presiding officer.

paragraph: As a writer, she contributed to the columns of "The Voice". She remarked in "Plea for More Singing": “Every voice should be sufficiently cultivated to produce an agreeable quality of tone and to sing a simple solo with good enunciation and with intelligence. This should belong to any scheme of education, and singing should, to this extent, rank side by side with the common branches of education as a necessary factor of human culture. Until the study of singing is dignified to this position and accepted as educational, and is not regarded merely as an accomplishment on a par with dancing, the children of our race will be deprived of its elevating and humanizing influences. Superficial playing or singing is wrong, because it is not only useless, but injurious, inasmuch as it is a bar to the progress of music and its adoption as a means of general culture. Until the sense of hearing is developed as a faculty, until our children are taught how to listen, how to analyze and methodize what is heard, this wonderful sense will remain only a latent instead of a most potent force in musical education. Let the ear and the understanding work together and advance side by side. There is no reason why a child should not as readily distinguish tones from semitones, and thirds from fifths, as it tells a from z.” With Frederic Grant Gleason, Hershey-Eddy was a co-editor of "The Musical Bulletin", published by the Hershey School of Musical Art. Published monthly, it contained articles on musical topics, programs and criticisms of performances, translations from foreign writers, reviews of new music, extracts from European journals, foreign and domestic correspondence, as well as general musical intelligence.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Hershey married three times. On 1 September 1857, she married William F. Brannan. They had at least one child, a daughter, Bessie. The marriage did not last long. She married Clarence Eddy, 14 years her junior, on 1 July 1879. After her father's death in 1893, she received a large inheritance. In 1895, Hershey-Eddy retired and moved to Paris. Eddy filed for divorce from his wife in 1905, noting desertion. She married John Darlington Marsh in London in July 1908. Hershey-Eddy died in Paris in 1911.

description: American  musical educator

wikidata_label: Sara Hershey-Eddy

wikipedia_title: Sara Hershey-Eddy


text:
Australian Light Horse
First World War
Natal Mounted Rifles
Zulu War
Second Boer War
Siege of Ladysmith
Distinguished Service Order
Prince of Wales
12th Light Horse Regiment
Battle of Romani
2nd Light Horse Brigade
3rd Light Horse Brigade
Sinai and Palestine campaign

wikipedia_title:
Australian Light Horse
World War I
Natal Mounted Rifles
Anglo-Zulu War
Second Boer War
Siege of Ladysmith
Distinguished Service Order
George V
12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia)
Battle of Romani
2nd Light Horse Brigade
3rd Light Horse Brigade
Sinai and Palestine campaign

categories: Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George,1942 deaths,Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class,Australian military personnel of World War I,Australian generals,Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,1860 births

paragraph: John Royston

paragraph: Brigadier General John Robinson Royston, (29 April 1860 – 25 April 1942) was a South African-born military officer who commanded a brigade of Australian Light Horse during the First World War.

paragraph: A farmer and citizen soldier, during the late 1870s and early 1880s, Royston served in the Natal Mounted Rifles as an enlisted soldier and fought during the Zulu War. During the Second Boer War he was commissioned in the Imperial Light Horse, and fought at the Siege of Ladysmith, before later commanding a contingent of the Western Australian Mounted Infantry. He was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his service during the war, and received the decoration from the Prince of Wales during a large coronation parade of colonial troops in London on 1 July 1902. Later he served during the Zulu Rebellion before organising the Natal Light Horse—made up primarily of Australians who had remained in Africa after the Boer War—upon the outbreak of the First World War. After seeing action against the Germans in South-West Africa, Royston was transferred to Egypt and placed in command of the 12th Light Horse Regiment, commanding them through the Battle of Romani in 1916. He was later promoted to command the 2nd Light Horse Brigade temporarily, before taking command of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, and leading them in the Sinai and Palestine campaign against the Ottoman Empire until October 1917 when he returned to South Africa having been relieved of his command due to medical reasons.

wikidata_label: John Royston

wikipedia_title: John Royston


text:
individual pursuit
Rudi Altig
1960 Tour de France

wikipedia_title:
Individual pursuit
Rudi Altig
1960 Tour de France

categories: Swiss male cyclists,1938 births,Tour de France cyclists,Living people

paragraph: Willy Trepp

paragraph: Willy Trepp (born 23 December 1938) is a retired Swiss track cyclist. He won two silver and one bronze medals in the individual pursuit at the world championships of 1959–1961, behind Rudi Altig. He also rode in the 1960 Tour de France.

description: Swiss bicycle racer

wikidata_label: Willy Trepp

wikipedia_title: Willy Trepp


text:
Spanish
microglia
Portillo, Valladolid
University of Madrid
histologist
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Wilder Penfield
neurons
oligodendroglia
microglia
silver carbonate
oligodendroglia
civil war
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
University of Oxford
Hugh Cairns
Buenos Aires
neoplasm

categories: 1945 deaths,Histologists,University of Valladolid alumni,LGBT people from Spain,People from Valladolid,LGBT scientists,Spanish neuroscientists,1882 births

paragraph: Pío del Río Hortega

paragraph: Pío del Río Hortega (1882 – 1945) was a Spanish neuroscientist who discovered microglia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Río Hortega was born in Portillo, Valladolid on 5 May 1882. He studied locally and qualified to practice medicine in 1905. He obtained his doctorate at the University of Madrid by researching the pathology of brain tumours. In 1913 he was funded to study research histology in France and Germany but the outbreak of war between them forced him to return to Spain.

paragraph: He worked with the histologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal and briefly with Wilder Penfield. Ramón y Cajal discovered neurons, Penfield helped explain oligodendroglia. whilst Rio Hortega discovered microglia. which are the cells that protect the brain from infection.

paragraph: He managed to identify microglia between 1919 and 1921 by staining the cells with silver carbonate. His method of staining also led to the discovery of oligodendroglia in 1921, which both he and Penfield are now credited with. However it was Rio Hortega who named the cells.

paragraph: His discoveries in 1920 created issues with Ramón y Cajal, who led the lab, as he had earlier won the Nobel prize. By 1931 del Río Hortega was leading Spain's cancer institute, but he left the country when the civil war broke out in 1936.

paragraph: War spreading across Europe found him in Paris at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital before he went to the University of Oxford to work with the British neurosurgeon Hugh Cairns. The bombing of Britain by Germany in World War II drove him on to Argentina. His escape was funded by the Spanish Cultural Institute, who continued to support him as he created his own laboratory in 1942. Río Hortega died in Buenos Aires on 1 June 1945 from a malignant neoplasm.

alias:
Pio del Rio-Hortega
Pio del Rio Hortega

description: Discovered Microglia

wikidata_label: Pío del Río Hortega

wikipedia_title: Pío del Río Hortega


text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: A Night in Havana

text: Duke Ellington Orchestra

text: Montreal International Jazz Festival

text: Montreal

text: Quebec

text: Canadian

text: Cecil Scott

text: Snub Mosley

text: Ottawa

text: Polio

text: Université de Montréal

text: Michael Laucke

text: Duke Ellington Orchestra

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Tony Bennett

text: Tito Puente

text: Mario Rivera

text: Savoy Sultans

text: Illinois Jacquet

text: Arturo Sandoval

text: Gonzalo Rubalcaba

text: Walter Davis Jr.

text: Giovanni Hidalgo

text: Charlie Palmieri

text: Milt Jackson

text: Candido Gamero

text: Charlie Persip

text: Pharaoh Sanders

text: Yusef Lateef

text: One Drinks the Other Doesn't

text: Oliver Jones

text: Charlie Biddle

text: Grammy Award

text: Kenny Garrett

text: Imam

text: Muhammad Ali

text: Mount Royal

categories: American expatriate musicians in Canada,Anglophone Quebec people,1935 births,Black Canadian musicians,Musicians from New York City,Canadian people of African-American descent,American emigrants to Canada,Canadian Muslims,Musicians from Montreal,Converts to Islam,People from Harlem,Living people

paragraph: Sayyd Abdul Al-Khabyyr

paragraph: Al-Hajj Sayyd Abdul Al-Khabyyr (born Russell Linwood Thomas [Muslim name adopted in 1971]; 22 March 1935 - 15 February 2017), was an African-American/Canadian saxophonist (soprano, alto, tenor and baritone), clarinetist, flautist (flute and piccolo) and composer. He toured internationally with Dizzy Gillespie from 1983 to 1987, appearing alongside Gillespie in the feature films "A Night in Havana" and "A Night in Chicago".

paragraph: He is the only person to perform all saxophone parts consecutively in the Duke Ellington Orchestra.

paragraph: On 26 June 2011, a tribute concert was held during the Montreal International Jazz Festival to honor and recognize Abdul Al-Khabyyr's contributions to the Montreal jazz scene, as he was long considered the patriarch of Montreal's "second great family of Jazz".

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: Born in Harlem, New York as Russell Linwood Thomas, Abdul Al-Khabyyr lived most of his life in Montreal, Quebec. He became a naturalized Canadian in 1965 and converted to Islam in 1971.

paragraph: In his teens he studied clarinet and saxophone in New York City with Cecil Scott and others. In 1954 he traveled to Montreal with trombonist Snub Mosley to play in various nightclubs. While there he met his future wife and decided to stay, working with Al Cowans (19541955) and then leading his own band (19551957). In Ottawa from 1957 to 1970, he was a member at various times of the Canadian Jazz Quartet (with Richard Wyands on piano, Wyatt Ruther on bass, and Doug Johnston on drums), the Ottawa Saxophone Quartet and also studio/dance bands led by Champ Champagne, Buster Monroe and others. He led his own orchestra at the Gatineau Country Club from 1959 to 1965, except for a short break in 1963 as he recovered from a bout with Polio. He also appeared regularly on CBC programming as a guest or backing musician.

paragraph: From 1970 to 1980 he returned to Montreal as a teacher in the Jazz Music department of the Université de Montréal. His pupils included the flautist Jennifer Waring, trumpeter Chris Place, and saxophonists Mary-Jo Rudolf, Richard Beaudet and Rémi Bolduc. He also performed in various contemporary music settings such as the SMCQ ensemble ("Société de musique contemporaine du Québec"), Walter Boudreau's Infonie, Dionne-Brégent, TRIO 3 (composed of Sayyd, Pauline Vaillancourt and Michael Laucke), worked in studio and theatre orchestras, and played jazz at his own establishment, Café Mo-Jo.

paragraph: He divided his time between Montreal and New York City during the 1980s, then settled in New York by the end of the decade. He was a member, from 1980 to 1982 and again from 1987 to 1993, of the Duke Ellington Orchestra. From 1983 to 1987, he was a member (along with his son Nasyr on drums) of the Dizzy Gillespie Quartet, touring internationally, and appearing alongside Gillespie in the feature films "A Night in Havana" and "A Night in Chicago".

paragraph: He is the only person to perform all saxophone parts consecutively in the Duke Ellington Orchestra; Baritone sax, 2nd tenor, 1st tenor, 2nd alto, 1st alto and lead alto.

paragraph: He also recorded and performed with, among many others; Tony Bennett, Tito Puente, Mario Rivera, the Savoy Sultans, Illinois Jacquet, the Afro-Asian Jazz Ensemble, Arturo Sandoval, Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Walter Davis Jr., Giovanni Hidalgo, Charlie Palmieri, Milt Jackson, Candido Gamero, Charlie Persip and Superband, Pharaoh Sanders and Yusef Lateef.

paragraph: In 1991 he was featured, along with Russian painter Evgeny Essaulenko, in a short film titled One Drinks the Other Doesn't.

paragraph: He made several appearances accompanied by his sons and other musicians (including Oliver Jones) at the Festival International de Jazz de Montréal. On 26 June 2011, a tribute concert was held during the festival to honor and recognize Abdul Al-Khabyyr's contributions to the Montreal jazz scene.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Married in 1955 (jazz great Charlie Biddle served as best man), Abdul Al-Khabyyr and his wife had five children. Although all play musical instruments masterfully, two of his children, Nasyr with the drums and Muhammad with the trombone, followed in his footsteps and both became professional musicians and music teachers. Also notable, Abdul Al-Khabyyr is the father-in-law of Grammy Award-winning jazz musician Kenny Garrett.

paragraph: In 1971, after reading the biography of Malcolm X, Abdul Al-Khabyyr and his family converted to Islam and he went on to become an Imam. Through their common faith Abdul Al-Khabyyr developed a friendship with boxing great Muhammad Ali, who would stay in his town of Mount Royal home when visiting the area.

paragraph: In the late 1990s he moved back to Montreal and, after suffering strokes in 2001 and 2004, no longer performed.

alias:
Al-Hajj Sayyd Abdul Al-Khabyyr
Russell Linwood Thomas

description: musician

wikidata_label: Sayyd Abdul Al-Khabyyr

wikipedia_title: Sayyd Abdul Al-Khabyyr


text:
philanthropist
Liberal
Mayor
Leeds
mayor of Leeds
Holbeck
Leeds
engineering apprentice
Liberal Party
councillor
Holbeck
alderman
mayor
magistrate
Beeston
Grade II-listed
Woodhouse Moor

categories: People from Holbeck,Mayors of Leeds,1876 deaths,1823 births,English philanthropists

paragraph: Henry Rowland Marsden

paragraph: Henry Rowland Marsden (1823 – 19 January 1876) was a philanthropist and (Liberal) Mayor of Leeds for 1873 to 1875, said to be the most popular Victorian mayor of Leeds.

paragraph: He was born in Holbeck, Leeds in 1823 of poor parents, and began to work in a local mill at the age of 10, becoming an engineering apprentice at 15. In 1848 he emigrated to the United States where he made a successful career in mechanical engineering, and returned a wealthy man to Leeds in 1862, setting up a factory for patent stone-crushing machinery to take advantage of the demand at that time for road building. He received numerous medals and honours for this and other inventions, as well as the continuing wealth to enable him to donate both time and money to public life.

paragraph: His interest in local affairs led him to the Liberal Party and he was elected as local councillor for Holbeck in 1866, becoming an alderman in 1872 and mayor in 1873. He also served as chief magistrate for six years.

paragraph: It was said that "from the beginning he conducted the business of the town and of the Council without consideration of sect, party or denomination, acting with strict impartiality and goodwill to all", and that he donated £2000 per year to good causes.

paragraph: He died suddenly on 19 January 1876, leaving a widow, Mary, two daughters and a son. He is buried in Holbeck Cemetery in Beeston where his grave is marked by a Grade II-listed memorial.

paragraph: Following his death, a public subscription raised £1000 to erect a statue of him, (which has now been moved to Woodhouse Moor) by Leeds-based sculptor John Throp (1819 - 1889).

description: British philanthropist

wikidata_label: Henry Rowland Marsden

wikipedia_title: Henry Rowland Marsden


text:
Galil assault rifle
Uzi
submachine gun
World War II
Haganah
AK-47
FN FAL
Uziel Gal
Uzi submachine gun
Yakov Lior
Galil assault rifle
Israel Defense Prize
R4 assault rifle

categories: 1995 deaths,Israeli inventors,Jewish inventors,Weapon design,20th-century inventors,Weapon designers,Israel Defense Prize recipients,1923 births,Firearm designers

image: 512px-ישראל_גלילי_(בלשניקוב)_אוחז_במיני_עוזי.jpg

paragraph: Yisrael Galil

paragraph: Yisrael Galil or Yisrael Galili (born Yisrael Balashnikov) (October 23, 1923 – March 9, 1995), is best known for inventing the Galil assault rifle. He also helped create the Uzi submachine gun. He was known in the military by the nickname 'Father of the Rifle'.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Mandatory Palestine on October 26, 1923, Galili served in the British Army in World War II. Following his discharge, he volunteered to work with the Haganah in weapons manufacture.

paragraph: Section::::Galil rifle.

paragraph: During the Six-Day War in 1967, the Israelis captured many AK-47 assault rifles from the Egyptian soldiers which proved more reliable and useful in the arid conditions against the FN FAL. Inspired by the AK-47, the IDF assessed it thoroughly and began the process of designing a new automatic rifle for which the task was assigned to two groups: one led by Uziel Gal, the designer of the Uzi submachine gun, & Yisrael Galili (Balashnikov) together with Yakov Lior invented the Galil assault rifle which named for him. Tests were conducted from the end of the 1960s to the early 1970s led to Galili's rifle emerging as the winner, as a result Galil was adopted by the military. The Galil assault rifle heavily derives most of the features from Kalashnikov AK-47. In 1973, he received the Israel Defense Prize for this achievement.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R4 assault rifle

description: Israeli firearm designer

wikidata_label: Yisrael Galil

wikipedia_title: Yisrael Galil


text:
Count Palatine of Neumarkt
Rupert III of the Palatinate
Catherine of Pomerania
Hussites
Battle of Hiltersried
Christopher
Kalmar Union

categories: Counts Palatine of Germany,House of Palatinate-Neumarkt,1383 births,1443 deaths,People from Schwandorf (district)

paragraph: John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt

paragraph: John (Johann von Pfalz-Neumarkt; 1383 – 14 March 1443) was the Count Palatine of Neumarkt from 1410 to his death. The son of Rupert III of the Palatinate, he married Catherine of Pomerania in 1407. He is mainly known for his crushing victory against the Hussites at the Battle of Hiltersried in 1433.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christopher, his son, was king of the Kalmar Union.

description: Count Palatine of Neumarkt

wikidata_label: John

wikipedia_title: John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt


text:
IAST
Saka
Western Satraps
Ujjain
Saka era
Mathura
Kushan
Kanishka
Ptolemy
Ujjain
Satavahana
Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi
Paithan
Sri Pulumayi
Gautamiputra Satakarni
Patalene
Ujjain
Barigaza
Rudradaman I
Satraps
Bhumaka
Nahapana

paragraph: Chashtana

paragraph: Chashtana (IAST: , or Chastana) was a ruler of the Saka Western Satraps in northwestern India during 78-130 CE. He was satrap of Ujjain during that period. Among the modern scholars, the beginning of the Saka era is widely equated to the ascension of Chashtana (possibly to "Mahakshatrapa") in 78 CE.

paragraph: A statue found in Mathura together with statues of the Kushan king Kanishka and Vima Taktu, and bearing the name "Shastana" is often attributed to Chashtana himself. Chashtana is called Tisman by the bards, a spelling that matches the Greek rendition of his name more closely.

paragraph: Chashtana was mentioned by Ptolemy as "Tiasthenes" or "Testenes", ruling a large area of Western India into the 2nd century CE, especially the area of Ujjain ("Ozene"), during the reign of the Satavahana king Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi. According to Ptolemy, Chashtana directly ruled Ujjain, while Paithan (Pratisthana) continued to be ruled by Siristolemaios (identified with Sri Pulumayi, son of Gautamiputra Satakarni). Ptolemy in his "Geographia", where he qualifies the Western Satraps as "Indo-Scythians", describes Chashtana's territory as starting from Patalene in the West, to his capital Ujjain in the east ("Ozena-Regia Tiastani", "Ozene, capital of king Chashtana"), and beyond Barigaza in the south:

paragraph: Chashtana was the grandfather of the great Western Satrap conqueror Rudradaman I. Chashtana was founder of one of the two major Saka Satrap dynasties in north-western India, the "Bhadramukhas"; the other, short-lived dynasty, the "Kshaharatas" ("Satraps"), included Bhumaka and Nahapana.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The dynastic art of the Kushans", Rosenfield

wikidata_label: Chastana

wikipedia_title: Chashtana


text:
Bingerville
footballer
left back
US Lusitanos Saint-Maur
F.C. Porto
Liga de Honra
S.C. Olhanense
S.C. Olhanense
US Lusitanos Saint-Maur
Burkina Faso national football team
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
Guinea

categories: Expatriate footballers in Georgia (country),Académico de Viseu F.C. players,S.C. Olhanense players,US Lusitanos Saint-Maur players,Burkinabé footballers,Leixões S.C. players,Atlético Clube de Portugal players,Erovnuli Liga players,G.D. Chaves players,FC Shukura Kobuleti players,C.F. União players,F.C. Arouca players,Burkinabé expatriate footballers,FC Porto players,Expatriate footballers in France,Ivorian footballers,LigaPro players,Living people,Burkina Faso international footballers,People from Bingerville,Expatriate footballers in Portugal,Association football defenders,Primeira Liga players,1989 births,Ivorian expatriates in Portugal

paragraph: Stéphane Agbre Dasse

paragraph: Stéphane Agbré Dasse (born 5 July 1989 in Bingerville), is a Burkinabé footballer, who plays as a left back for US Lusitanos Saint-Maur.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Stéphane began his career in 2006 with F.C. Porto, who called him to the first squad in June 2008. In July of the same year, he was loaned out until the end of the season to the Liga de Honra club S.C. Olhanense. After a good season, his club S.C. Olhanense pulled the sold option and he signed a contract until 30 June 2012.

paragraph: Ahead of the 2019/20 season, Dasse joined French club US Lusitanos Saint-Maur.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: The Ivorian-born Stéphane was called for the Burkina Faso national football team match in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification against Guinea on 28 March 2009.

paragraph: Despite being capped by the Burkina Faso national team, as of January 2012, the Burkinabé Football Association no long believe the player to be eligible for the national squad.

description: Ivorian footballer

wikidata_label: Stéphane Agbre Dasse

wikipedia_title: Stéphane Agbre Dasse


text:
Goryeo dynasty
Joseon Dynasty
prime minister
Joseon Dynasty
Goryeo Dynasty
King Taejong
King Sejong the Great
Yeonguijeong
Kim Kap-soo
KBS2
King Sejong the Great
SBS
Deep Rooted Tree
Baek Yoon-sik
I Am the King
Kim Kap-soo
MBC
Splash Splash Love
Jung Han-yong
KBS1
Jang Yeong-sil
Sejong the Great
Maeng Saseong

categories: Jangsu Hwang clan,1452 deaths,Joseon Dynasty people,1363 births

paragraph: Hwang Hui

paragraph: Hwang Hui (8 March 1363 – 28 February 1452) was a politician of the Goryeo dynasty and Joseon Dynasty, who once served as prime minister of the Joseon Dynasty from 1431 to 1449 .

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hwang Hui was an official of Goryeo Dynasty. He became an official in the Joseon Dynasty in 1394. Hwang Hui once banished from Seoul because he advocated Yangnyeong, the eldest prince of King Taejong, despite his bad behavior in 1418. After King Sejong the Great's enthronement, Hwang Hui got reappointed and held many ministerial posts. Hwang Hui was appointed as a prime minister in 1431 and served until 1449 . He retired from the government after 18 years.

paragraph: Section::::Achievement.

paragraph: He distributed grain seeds for improving farming, and ordered each province to plant a lot of mulberry trees to enrich human life. In addition, the publication of ' economic land ' was divided into ' 續 典 ' and ' 集 . ', which allowed the contents to be duplicated, omitted or separated from the content and reality.

paragraph: Meanwhile, a defense measure was taken to prevent the North's wildling and southern regions by paying attention to defense issues. And in an effort to obtain a wide range of good manners, the etiquette of Goryeo was revised and supplemented, taking into account the reality of the Ming Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Description of Hwang Hui.

paragraph: He served as the Yeonguijeong, the highest ranking of 3 appointed royal prime ministers (the others being Uuijeong and Jwaguijeong) for a total of 18 years with a total of 24 years service to the monarchy. He was noted for his political philosophy that stated, “That which is just takes priority and must be enacted.” Priorities during his administration included agricultural improvement, mitigating laws that increased social class gaps, and providing opportunities for candidates born out of wedlock or from concubines to take the civil service examination.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Kim Kap-soo in the 2008 KBS2 TV series "King Sejong the Great"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Jeon Seung-hwan in the 2011 SBS TV series "Deep Rooted Tree".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Baek Yoon-sik in the 2012 film "I Am the King".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Kim Kap-soo in the 2015 MBC TV series "Splash Splash Love".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrayed by Jung Han-yong in the 2016 KBS1 TV series "Jang Yeong-sil".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sejong the Great

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maeng Saseong

description: Prime minister of the Joseon Dynasty

wikidata_label: Hwang Hui

wikipedia_title: Hwang Hui


text: pseudonym

text: lyric

text: poet

text: Berlin

text: deportation

text: Auschwitz

text: Nazi

text: Final Solution

text: Walter Benjamin

text: German language

text: criminal defense lawyer

text: maiden name

text: Charlottenburg

text: Berlin-Westend

text: private school

text: home economics

text: Leipzig

text: kindergarten

text: Russian

text: diploma

text: English

text: French

text: abortion

text: World War I

text: censor

text: prisoner-of-war camp

text: Döberitz

text: Chodzież

text: Prussia

text: province of Posen

text: governess

text: Hamburg

text: Paris

text: Dijon

text: interpreter

text: secretary

text: Kristallnacht

text: pogrom

text: National Socialism

text: Schöneberg

text: forced labour

text: corvée

text: armaments industry

text: deported

text: Theresienstadt

text: Michael Hamburger

text: Hitler's

text: Reich Chancellery

text: Führerbunker

text: Hilde Benjamin

text: Cynthia Ozick

text: Free University of Berlin

text: "Gertrud Kolmar."

categories: German women poets,Jewish women writers,Jewish poets,1943 deaths,German people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp,Writers from Berlin,20th-century German women writers,German civilians killed in World War II,1894 births

paragraph: Gertrud Kolmar

paragraph: Gertrud Käthe Chodziesner (10 December 1894 – March 1943), known by the literary pseudonym Gertrud Kolmar, was a German lyric poet and writer. She was born in Berlin and died, after her arrest and deportation as a Jew, in Auschwitz, a victim of the Nazi Final Solution. Though she was a cousin of Walter Benjamin, little is known of her life. She is considered one of the finest poets in the German language.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Gertrud Kolmar came from an assimilated middle-class German Jewish family. Her father, Ludwig

paragraph: Chodziesner, was a criminal defense lawyer. Her mother Elise's maiden name was Schoenflies. She grew up in Berlin's Charlottenburg quarter, in the present-day Berlin-Westend, and was educated in several private schools, the last one being a women's agricultural and home economics college at Elbisbach near Leipzig. While active as a kindergarten teacher, she learnt Russian and completed a course in 1915/1916 for language teachers in Berlin, graduating with a diploma in English and French. At about this time she had a brief affair with an army officer, Karl Jodel, which ended with an abortion, which her parents insisted on her having. During the last two years of World War I she was also employed as an interpreter and censor of soldiers' correspondence in a prisoner-of-war camp in Döberitz, near Berlin.

paragraph: In 1917 her first book, simply titled 'Poems', ("Gedichte") appeared, under the pseudonym of "Gertrud Kolmar", Kolmar being the German name for the town of Chodzież in the former Prussian province of Posen from which her family came. After the war, she worked as a governess for several families in Berlin, and briefly, in 1927, in Hamburg, as a teacher of the handicapped. In that same year she undertook a study trip to France, staying in Paris and Dijon, where she trained to be an interpreter. In 1928, she returned to her family home after her mother's health deteriorated in order to look after the household. Upon her mother's death in March 1930, she worked as her father's secretary.

paragraph: In the late 1920s her poems began to appear in various literary journals and anthologies. Her third volume, "Die Frau und die Tiere" came out under a Jewish publisher's imprint in August 1938 but was pulped after the Kristallnacht pogrom in November of that year. The Chodziesner family, as a result of the intensification of the persecution of Jews under National Socialism, had to sell its house in the Berlin suburb of Finkenkrug, which, to Kolmar's imagination became her 'lost paradise' ("das verlorene Paradies"), and was constrained to take over a floor in an apartment block called 'Jewshome' ("Judenhaus") in the Berlin suburb of Schöneberg.

paragraph: From July 1941 she was ordered to work in a forced labour corvée in the German armaments industry. Her father was deported in September 1942 to Theresienstadt where he died in February 1943. Gertrud Kolmar was arrested in the course of a factory raid on 27 February 1943, and transported on 2 March to Auschwitz, though the date and circumstances of her death are not known.

paragraph: Section::::Literary standing.

paragraph: Post-war critics have accorded Kolmar a very high place in literature. Jacob Picard, in his epilogue to "Gertrud Kolmar: Das Lyrische Werk" described her both as 'one of the most important woman poets' in the whole of German literature, and 'the greatest lyrical poetess of Jewish descent who has ever lived'. Michael Hamburger withheld judgement on the latter affirmation on the grounds he was not sufficiently competent to judge, but agreed with Picard's high estimation of her as a master poet in the German lyrical canon. Patrick Bridgwater, citing the great range of her imagery and verse forms, and the passionate integrity which runs through her work, likewise writes that she was 'one of the great poets of her time, and perhaps the greatest woman poet "ever" to have written in German'.

paragraph: Section::::Posthumous honours.

paragraph: On the 24 February 1993, a plaque in her honour was placed at Haus Ahornallee 37, in Berlin's Charlottenburg suburb. Her name has also been given to a street in Berlin which runs directly through the former site of Hitler's Reich Chancellery, near the location of the Führerbunker.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Original language

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gedichte", Berlin 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Preußische Wappen", Berlin 1934

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Frau und die Tiere", Berlin 1938

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Welten", Berlin 1947

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das lyrische Werk", Heidelberg [and others] 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das lyrische Werk", Munich 1960

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eine Mutter", Munich 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Kerze von Arras. Ausgewählte Gedichte". Berlin and Weimar: Aufbau-Verl., 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Briefe an die Schwester Hilde", Munich 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Wort der Stummen. Nachgelassene Gedichte", edited, and with an afterword by Uwe Berger and "Erinnerungen an Gertrud Kolmar" ("Memories of Gertrude Kolmar") by Hilde Benjamin, Berlin: Buchverl. Der Morgen, 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Susanna", Frankfurt am Main, 1993; on 2 CDs, Berlin: Herzrasen Records, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nacht", Verona 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Briefe", Göttingen 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- English translation

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dark Soliloquy: the Selected Poems of Gertrud Kolmar," Translated with an Introduction by Henry A. Smith. Foreword Cynthia Ozick. Seabury Press, NY, 1975 or

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Jewish Mother from Berlin: A Novel; Susanna: A Novella", tr. Brigitte Goldstein. New York, London: Holmes & Meier, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Gaze Is Turned Inward: Letters 1934-1943 (Jewish Lives)", ed. Johanna Woltmann, tr. Brigitte Goldstein. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2004.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collection of links to biographies and other information about Gertrude Kolmar at the library of the Free University of Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krick-Aigner, Kirsten. "Gertrud Kolmar." "Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia". 1 March 2009. Jewish Women's Archive

description: German writer

wikidata_label: Gertrud Kolmar

wikipedia_title: Gertrud Kolmar


text: Deep Throat

text: Chuck Traynor

text: Ordeal

text: born again Christian

text: anti-pornography movement

text: the Bronx

text: New York

text: Catholic

text: Yonkers, New York

text: Maria Regina High School

text: blood transfusion

text: hepatitis

text: Chuck Traynor

text: pimp

text: hardcore

text: loops

text: peep shows

text: bestiality

text: Eric Edwards

text: golden shower

text: Deep Throat

text: deep-throating

text: The New York Times

text: Pussycat Theater

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: R-rated

text: Variety

text: exploitation film

text: David Winters

text: Linda Lovelace for President

text: Micky Dolenz

text: Ordeal

text: Playboy

text: Esquire

text: marijuana

text: "Laure"

text: Ovidio G. Assonitis

text: Venus de Milo

text: Annie Belle

text: M16 rifle

text: rape

text: Ordeal

text: Legs McNeil

text: Gerard Damiano

text: pathological liar

text: Gloria Leonard

text: Andrea True

text: Inside Deep Throat

text: sadist

text: Andrea Dworkin

text: polygraph

text: Judith Lewis Herman

text: Complex PTSD

text: drywall

text: Center Moriches

text: liver transplant

text: Colorado

text: Ordeal

text: anti-pornography movement

text: Andrea Dworkin

text: Catharine MacKinnon

text: Gloria Steinem

text: Women Against Pornography

text: Meese Commission

text: Daily Mail

text: hepatitis

text: E! True Hollywood Story

text: Leg Show

text: trauma

text: life support

text: Denver

text: Parker Cemetery

text: Parker

text: Linda

text: Ada

text: Ada Lovelace

text: Inside Deep Throat

text: Marc with a C

text: David Allan Coe

text: "Nothing Sacred"

text: Hayworth Theatre

text: Anna Waronker

text: "that dog,"

text: Charlotte Caffey

text: the Go-Go's

text: The Deep Throat Sex Scandal

text: David Bertolino

text: Harry Reems

text: pornography

text: Deep Throat

text: infamy

text: Memphis

text: Tennessee

text: Indiegogo

text: crowdfunding

text: biographical film

text: Lovelace

text: Rob Epstein

text: Jeffrey Friedman

text: Amanda Seyfried

text: Peter Sarsgaard

text: Malin Åkerman

text: Matthew Wilder

text: Tina Yothers

text: Family Ties

text: Deep Throat

text: Linda Lovelace for President

text: Golden Age of Porn

text: Ordeal

text: Mike McGrady

text: Jack Stevenson

text: Linda Lovelace (1949–2002)

text: The Rialto Report

text: The Rialto Report

categories: American women non-fiction writers,1949 births,Women memoirists,Actresses from New York City,People from the Bronx,Animal pornography,American feminists,People from Yonkers, New York,Victims of domestic abuse,Pornographic film actors from New York (state),2002 deaths,Liver transplant recipients,Anti-pornography activists,Road incident deaths in Colorado,American memoirists,American pornographic film actresses,Anti-pornography feminists,People from Center Moriches, New York

paragraph: Linda Lovelace

paragraph: Linda Lovelace (born Linda Susan Boreman; January 10, 1949 – April 22, 2002) was an American pornographic actress known for her performance in the 1972 hardcore film "Deep Throat". Although the film was an enormous success at the time, Boreman later said that her abusive husband, Chuck Traynor, had threatened and coerced her into the performance. In her autobiography "Ordeal", she described what went on behind the scenes. She later became a born again Christian and a spokeswoman for the anti-pornography movement.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Boreman was born in the Bronx, New York, into a working-class family. She described her upbringing in an unhappy family, as the daughter of John Boreman, a police officer who was seldom home, and Dorothy Boreman (née Tragney), a waitress who was harsh, unloving, and domineering. She attended private Catholic schools, including Saint John the Baptist (Yonkers, New York) and Maria Regina High School. Linda was nicknamed "Miss Holy Holy" in high school because she kept her dates at a safe distance to avoid sexual activity. When Boreman was 16, her family moved to Davie, Florida, after her father retired from the New York City Police Department.

paragraph: At age 19, she gave birth to her first child whom she gave up for adoption. Shortly afterwards, she returned to New York City to live and go to computer school. There, she was involved in an automobile accident, sustaining injuries that were serious enough to require her to undergo a blood transfusion. The transfused blood had not been properly screened for hepatitis contamination, which caused her to need a liver transplant 18 years later.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Pornography.

paragraph: While recovering at the home of her parents, Boreman became involved with Chuck Traynor. According to Boreman, Traynor was charming and attentive at first, then became violent and abusive. She said he forced her to move to New York, where he became her manager, pimp, and husband.

paragraph: Allegedly coerced by Traynor, Boreman was soon performing as Linda Lovelace in hardcore "loops," short 8-mm silent films made for peep shows. Boreman starred in a 1969 bestiality film titled "Dogarama" (also known as "Dog Fucker)". She later denied having appeared in the film until several of the original loops proved otherwise. In 2013, Larry Revene, the cameraman who actually shot the film, spoke about it for the first time, during which he asserted that Boreman was a willing participant and that no coercion took place. Porn star Eric Edwards, who was present for the shoot, has similarly claimed there was no obvious coercion going on and that Boreman appeared to be a cooperative performer.

paragraph: In 1971, Boreman also starred in the golden shower film titled "Piss Orgy".

paragraph: In 1972, Boreman starred in "Deep Throat," in which she famously performed deep-throating. The film achieved surprising and unprecedented popularity among mainstream audiences and even a review in "The New York Times." It played several times daily for over ten years at theaters in the Pussycat Theater chain, where Boreman did promotions, including leaving her hand and footprints in the concrete sidewalk outside the Hollywood Pussycat. The movie later became one of the first, and highest-grossing, X-rated videotape releases.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Media career after "Deep Throat".

paragraph: In December 1973, Boreman made her theater debut in "Pajama Tops" at the Locust Theatre in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The production suffered disappointing box office performance, which led it to close early, and Boreman's performance was panned.

paragraph: In 1974, Boreman starred in the R-rated sequel, "Deep Throat II," which was not as well received as the original had been; one critic, writing in "Variety," described it as "the shoddiest of exploitation film traditions, a depressing fast buck attempt to milk a naïve public."

paragraph: In 1975 Boreman left Traynor for David Winters, the producer of her 1976 film "Linda Lovelace for President" co-starring Micky Dolenz. The film showed her on the campaign trail following a cross-country bus route mapped out in the shape of a penis. However, her career as an actress failed to flourish, and her film appearances add up to five hours of screen time. In her 1980 autobiography, "Ordeal," Lovelace maintained that those films used leftover footage from "Deep Throat;" however, she frequently contradicted this statement. She also posed for "Playboy," "Bachelor," and "Esquire" between 1973 and 1974.

paragraph: During the middle 1970s, she also took to smoking large quantities of marijuana combined with painkillers, and after her second marriage and the birth of her two children, she left the pornographic film business.

paragraph: In 1974, she published two "pro-porn" autobiographies, "Inside Linda Lovelace" and "The Intimate Diary of Linda Lovelace."

paragraph: In 1976, she was chosen to play the title role in the erotic movie "Forever Emmanuelle" (AKA "Laure"). However, according to the producer Ovidio G. Assonitis, Lovelace was "very much on drugs" at the time. She had already signed for the part when she avowed that "God had changed [her] life", refused to do any nudity, and even objected to a statue of the Venus de Milo on the set because of its exposed breasts. She was replaced by French actress Annie Belle.

paragraph: Section::::Charges against Chuck Traynor.

paragraph: In her suit to divorce Traynor, she said that he forced her into pornography at gunpoint and that in "Deep Throat" bruises from his beatings can be seen on her legs. She said that her husband "would force her to do these things by pointing an M16 rifle at her head." Boreman said in her autobiography that her marriage had been plagued by violence, rape, forced prostitution, and private pornography. She wrote in "Ordeal:"

paragraph: Lovelace's accusations provoked mixed responses. Skeptics included Traynor, who admitted to striking Lovelace but said it was part of a voluntary sex game. In Legs McNeil's and Jennifer Osborne's 2005 book "The Other Hollywood," several witnesses, including "Deep Throat" director Gerard Damiano, state that Traynor beat Boreman behind closed doors, but they also question her credibility. Eric Edwards, Boreman's co-star in the dog sex films and other loops that featured her urinating on her sex partners, similarly discounts her credibility. According to Edwards, Boreman was a sexual "super freak" who had no boundaries and was a pathological liar. Adult-film actress Gloria Leonard was quoted as saying, "This was a woman who never took responsibility for her own [...] choices made; but instead blamed everything that happened to her in her life on porn." Corroboration for Lovelace's claims came from Andrea True, Lovelace's co-star in "Deep Throat 2," who, on a commentary DVD track of the documentary "Inside Deep Throat," stated that Traynor was a sadist and was disliked by the "Deep Throat 2" cast. Andrea Dworkin stated that the results of polygraph tests administered to Boreman support her assertions. Moreover, psychiatrist Judith Lewis Herman notes that many details in Lovelace's memoir "Ordeal" are consistent with a diagnosis of Complex PTSD, such as Lovelace's description of a fragmented personality in the aftermath of alleged abuse. Because of the circumstances of her upbringing, however, it had ceased to be clear whether the abuse came from Traynor or from Boreman's parents.

paragraph: Eric Danville, a journalist who covered the porn industry for nearly 20 years and wrote "The Complete Linda Lovelace" in 2001, said Boreman never changed her version of events that had occurred 30 years earlier with Traynor. When Danville told Boreman of his book proposal, he said she was overcome with emotion and saddened he had uncovered the bestiality film, which she had initially denied making and later maintained she had been forced to star in at gunpoint.

paragraph: Boreman maintained that she received no money for "Deep Throat" and that the $1,250 payment for her appearance was taken by Traynor.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage with Marchiano.

paragraph: In 1976, Boreman married Larry Marchiano, a cable installer who later owned a drywall business. They had two children, Dominic (born 1977) and Lindsay (born 1980). They lived in Center Moriches, a small town on Long Island. Boreman was then going through the liver transplant that her injuries from the automobile accident had necessitated, owing to the poorly screened blood she received in the transfusions. For a while, marriage and particularly motherhood brought her some stability and happiness. But in 1990, his business went bankrupt and the family moved to Colorado.

paragraph: In "The Other Hollywood," Boreman painted a largely unflattering picture of Marchiano, claiming he drank to excess, verbally abused her children, and was occasionally violent with her. Their divorce, in 1996, was civil, and the two remained in contact with each other for the remainder of her life.

paragraph: Section::::Anti-pornography activism.

paragraph: With the publication of "Ordeal" in 1980, Boreman joined the anti-pornography movement. At a press conference announcing "Ordeal," she leveled many of the above-noted accusations against Traynor in public for the first time. She was joined by supporters Andrea Dworkin, Catharine MacKinnon, Gloria Steinem, and members of Women Against Pornography. Boreman spoke out against pornography, stating that she had been abused and coerced. She spoke before feminist groups, at colleges, and at government hearings on pornography.

paragraph: In 1986, Boreman published "Out of Bondage," a memoir focusing on her life after 1974. She testified before the 1986 Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, also called the "Meese Commission," in New York City, stating, "When you see the movie "Deep Throat," you are watching me being raped. It is a crime that movie is still showing; there was a gun to my head the entire time." Following Boreman's testimony for the Meese Commission, she gave lectures on college campuses, decrying what she described as callous and exploitative practices in the pornography industry.

paragraph: In "The Other Hollywood," Boreman said she felt "used" by the anti-pornography movement. "Between Andrea Dworkin and Kitty MacKinnon, they've written so many books, and they mention my name and all that, but financially they've never helped me out. When I showed up with them for speaking engagements, I'd always get five hundred dollars or so. But I know they made a few bucks off me, just like everybody else." Thus Tom Leonard, writing for the London "Daily Mail" on March 26, 2012, alleged that both the porn industry and the anti-pornography movement had taken advantage of her.

paragraph: Section::::Last years and death.

paragraph: Boreman had contracted hepatitis from the blood transfusion she received after her 1970 car accident and underwent a liver transplant in 1987. In 2001, she was featured on "E! True Hollywood Story." The following year she did a lingerie pictorial as Linda Lovelace for the magazine "Leg Show." She said she did not object to the magazine shoot because "there's nothing wrong with looking sexy as long as it's done with taste."

paragraph: On April 3, 2002, Boreman was involved in another automobile accident. This was more serious than the 1970 accident that had injured her. She suffered massive trauma and internal injuries. On April 22, 2002, she was taken off life support and died in Denver, Colorado, at the age of 53. Marchiano and their two children were present when she died. Boreman was interred at Parker Cemetery in Parker, Colorado.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The computer processing coordination system Linda was named after Linda Lovelace. This name choice was inspired by the programming language Ada, which was named after computer pioneer Ada Lovelace.

paragraph: Boreman's participation in "Deep Throat" was among the topics explored in the 2005 documentary "Inside Deep Throat."

paragraph: Indie pop singer and songwriter Marc with a C released a 2008 album titled "Linda Lovelace for President," which contained a song of the same name.

paragraph: The country songwriter and singer David Allan Coe wrote a song called "Linda Lovelace" which is featured on his 1978 album, "Nothing Sacred". The same song appears on his 1990 album "18 X-Rated Hits" under the name "I Made Linda Lovelace Gag".

paragraph: In 2008, "," based on two of Boreman's four autobiographies, debuted at the Hayworth Theatre in Los Angeles. The score and libretto were written by Anna Waronker of the 1990s rock group "that dog," and Charlotte Caffey of the '80s group the Go-Go's.

paragraph: Lovelace is one of the main characters of the 2010 stage play "The Deep Throat Sex Scandal" by David Bertolino. The play follows the life and early career of Harry Reems as he enters the pornography industry, eventually filming "Deep Throat" and its resultant infamy and obscenity trial in Memphis, Tennessee, and Lovelace is a central figure. In July 2013, an Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign to make a film version of the play raised over $25,000.

paragraph: As of 2011, two biographical films on Boreman were scheduled to begin production. One, titled "Lovelace," went into general release on August 9, 2013, with Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman directing, Amanda Seyfried as Lovelace, and Peter Sarsgaard as Chuck Traynor. "Lovelace" received a limited release in 2013, but ultimately, despite drawing many positive reviews, it was a box-office failure. The other, titled "Inferno: A Linda Lovelace Story," starring Malin Åkerman, was to be directed by Matthew Wilder and produced by Chris Hanley and was scheduled to begin filming in early 2011. Due to a lack of financing it never went into production.

paragraph: Tina Yothers, who was a child actress on "Family Ties," was cast as Lovelace in "Lovelace: The Musical."

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dogarama" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Piss Orgy" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deep Throat" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Confessions of Linda Lovelace" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deep Throat Part II" (1974) as Nurse Lovelace

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Linda Lovelace for President" (1975)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden Age of Porn

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: Boreman has been the subject of five biographies, four written or co-written by her:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inside Linda Lovelace" (1974), Linda Lovelace,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Intimate Diary of Linda Lovelace" (1974), Linda Lovelace,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ordeal" (1980), Linda Lovelace and Mike McGrady,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Out of Bondage" (1986), Linda Lovelace and Mike McGrady,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Complete Linda Lovelace" (2001), Eric Danville,

paragraph: Other books:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jack Stevenson (ed): "Fleshpot: Cinema's Sexual Myth Makers & Taboo Breakers" (Headpress, England 2000): Features an interview with her.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pussycat Theaters - a Comprehensive History by Jay Allen Sanford, published 6-30-10

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pussycat Theater History - San Diego Reader

paragraph: BULLET::::- Linda Lovelace (1949–2002) @Arlindo-Correia.org– Collection of Linda Lovelace obituaries and other articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'Larry Revene: Loops and Organized Crime', The Rialto Report An interview with the cameraman on one of Linda Lovelace's loops.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deep Throat: Damiano, Lovelace.. and “Lovelace” at The Rialto Report, 8 September 2013

alias:
Linda Susan Boreman
Linda Traynor
Linda Marchiano

description: American pornographic actress and anti-porn activist

wikidata_label: Linda Lovelace

wikipedia_title: Linda Lovelace


text:
Evergreen, Colorado
Evergreen Conference District
Thomas Williams
plainsong
Thomas Williams
Gershom Mott Williams
Episcopal Diocese of Marquette
Daughters of the American Revolution
New Windsor
Fort Constitution
Revolutionary War
University of Colorado Denver
Colorado Medical Society
Evergreen Conference District
John F. Spalding
Cathedral of St. John in the Wilderness
Frederic Huntington Douglas
Denver Art Museum
plainsong
Gregorian chant
Frederick J. Bancroft
Frances Wisebart Jacobs
John R. Williams
Thomas Williams (pioneer)

categories: People from Denver,Daughters of the American Revolution people,American women physicians,1860 births,1938 deaths,American Episcopalians

paragraph: Josepha Williams Douglas

paragraph: Josepha Williams Douglas (1860–1938), also commonly known as Josepha Williams, was a physician and co-operator of the Marquette-Williams Sanitarium in Denver, Colorado. She was one of the first female doctors in the state. She, as well as her mother Mary Neosho Williams, purchased a number of tracts of land in the Evergreen, Colorado area, at least some of which were ultimately donated for the Evergreen Conference District. Douglas was the daughter of Civil War General Thomas Williams and wife of Canon Charles Winfred Douglas, a plainsong musical expert and Episcopalian priest.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Douglas was born Mary Josepha Williams in Virginia, the daughter of Civil War General Thomas Williams and Mary Neosho Bailey Williams. Her parents were a wealthy family from Detroit, Michigan. Her brothers were John R. Williams and Gershom Mott Williams, the first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Marquette who later published General Williams' personal papers.

paragraph: Douglas was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution; she was the great-granddaughter of Captain Gershom Mott who was a commander at New Windsor and Fort Constitution during the Revolutionary War.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Douglas, under the name Josepha Williams, graduated in 1889 from the Gross Medical College, which was rolled into the University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine in 1911.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After obtaining her M.D., Douglas practiced medicine in Denver beginning in 1889. She was among the state's first female physicians.

paragraph: Douglas and Dr. Madeline Marquette founded the Marquette-Williams Sanitarium, a medical and surgical center, at 1542 Pearl Street in Denver in 1891. In 1892 they established a nursing school in conjunction with the sanitarium. Douglas was superintendent of the sanitarium.

paragraph: Douglas became a member of the Colorado Medical Society in 1894.

paragraph: Section::::Evergreen.

paragraph: Douglas purchased several hundred acres of land in Evergreen in 1893 near the cabin of her maternal uncle, Dr. Thomas Bailey. She had a one-room cabin with a "massive" stone fireplace built for her by John Spence from a partially finished barn. After the cabin was constructed, Douglas and her mother commissioned Spence to build a large addition that included a two-story tower with a servant's kitchen, library, second story bedroom, and several porches. After Mary Williams death in 1914, it was further expanded upon by Douglas and her husband. It ultimately grew through Spence's efforts to a 17-room lodge with vaulted ceilings, two octagonal towers and a private chapel used by Canon Charles Winfield Douglas.

paragraph: The summer retreat called Camp Neosho also had a number of tents were installed with wood-burning stoves, platform floors made of wood, and double canvas walls by Mary Williams. Visitors included Williams' siblings and their families. The lodge is now the Hiwan Homestead Museum.

paragraph: Williams began holding Episcopal church services in tents in 1893. She purchased Stewart Hotel, which was transformed into St. Mark's in the Wilderness church, later Mission of the Transfiguration. Douglas also purchased land around the Evergreen area and received the former Stewart Hotel through her mother's will. Land and buildings were donated for the creation of the Evergreen Conference District.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: The Mission of the Holy Redeemer was established in 1893 in a vacated church building at Lawrence and 10th Street, with the authorization of Bishop John F. Spalding of Cathedral of St. John in the Wilderness. The new congregation included African-American Episcopalians and White Anglo-Catholics. Douglas, her mother and church clergy and leaders met with African-American leaders from Kansas City, Kansas and people who moved to Denver from Memphis, Tennessee. In January 1894, its first church services were conducted.

paragraph: Douglas sailed for Europe in January 1896 for a four month vacation in Genoa, Italy with Dr. Marquette Baker.

paragraph: Dr. Douglas married Canon Charles Winfred Douglas at the Cathedral of St. John in the Wilderness on July 22, 1896. In 1894, Canon Charles Winfred Douglas had moved to Evergreen from New York to recuperate from pneumonia and tuberculosis and subsequently was under the care of Dr. Douglas.

paragraph: The couple moved to Evergreen after they had married. Canon Douglas began attending Evergreen's summer retreats and music camps in 1897. He led musical events, which increased the popularity of the center. Douglas was priest of the retreat's church, the Mission of the Transfiguration, for more than 40 years.

paragraph: Their son, Frederic Huntington Douglas was born in Evergreen in 1897. He was later a Native Arts curator at the Denver Art Museum.

paragraph: The family moved to New York in 1902 while Canon Douglas pursued in musical and religious career, having the previous year studied plainsong and Gregorian chants in England, France, Germany, and Scotland. He became ill again in 1903 and stayed in a number of eastern convalescent centers before traveling to New Mexico for a six month stay. In 1918, he edited the "New Hymnal" of the Episcopal church and in 1940 helped create "The Hymnal of 1940".

paragraph: Dr. Douglas died on March 9, 1938 in Evergreen after a long illness. Canon Douglas married Anne Woodward in 1940, with whom he worked with on "The Hymnal of 1940", and died on January 28, 1944.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denver public health advocates

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Frederick J. Bancroft, 19th century Colorado public health advocate

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frances Wisebart Jacobs, advocate for tuberculosis healthcare and founder of Denver's Jewish Hospital

paragraph: BULLET::::- Williams family

paragraph: BULLET::::- John R. Williams, first mayor of Denver and her grandfather

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Williams (pioneer), early settler to Detroit and her great-grandfather

wikidata_label: Josepha Williams Douglas

wikipedia_title: Josepha Williams Douglas


text:
poet
Rockhampton, Queensland
Rockhampton Girls Grammar School
Francis
Alexander Jardine's
The Gemfields
William Knox D'Arcy
Yeppoon, Queensland
England
Bembridge
Isle of Wight
The Telegraph
Sydney Morning Herald
Louis Becke
Anthropological Society of London
International Congress of Women
Queen Victoria
Windsor Castle
Steele Rudd
Colonial Mutual
World War I
Gladesville Mental Hospital
South Head Cemetery

categories: 19th-century Australian women writers,20th-century Australian poets,Australian women poets,1872 births,20th-century Australian women writers,19th-century Australian poets,1929 deaths

paragraph: Lala Fisher

paragraph: Mary Lucy "Lala" Fisher, née Richardson; (27 January 1872 - 27 February 1929) was an Australian poet, writer and editor.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lala Fisher was born Mary Lucy Richardson in Rockhampton, Queensland on 27 January 1872 to parents Archibald John Richardson and Lucy Knox D'Arcy and was educated at Rockhampton Girls Grammar School.

paragraph: Mary Richardson's father Archibald was well known in the area, having served as a technical member on Francis and Alexander Jardine's expedition from Rockhampton to Cape York in 1864. Archibald is also known for discovering sapphires and zircons at Retreat Creek on The Gemfields, west of Rockhampton, in 1878.

paragraph: Lala was also a niece of William Knox D'Arcy, who was her mother's brother.

paragraph: Lala Richardson married Francis George Fisher on 7 August 1893 in Rockhampton, and subsequently had two sons.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Lala Fisher began submitting poetry to her local newspapers while living in Yeppoon, Queensland in the 1890s.

paragraph: In 1897, the Fisher family moved to England and lived at Bembridge on the Isle of Wight. Fisher visited London regularly where she began undertaking activities such as writing, songwriting and lecturing.

paragraph: Fisher published her first book of verse in 1898 entitled "A Twilight Teaching and other poems". The book was met with mixed reviews. A review in Brisbane newspaper "The Telegraph" described the poetic spirit in the book as being better than the actual literary work contained within it and advised Fisher to select more congenial themes and urged her to put more work into her composition.

paragraph: A local reviewer who wrote a review of "A Twilight Teaching and other poems" for local Rockhampton newspapers "The Morning Bulletin" and "The Capricornian" opined that Fisher was not a great poet but the poetic feeling in her work was sparkling. The reviewer also held the view that Fisher's longest pieces were not her best and that there was an abruptness about the endings. However, the reviewer said they hoped Fisher's verse would become more staid and finished in years to come.

paragraph: In 1899, Fisher edited "By Creek and Gully" - a collection of stories, poems and sketches by twelve Australians that were living in England. A review of "By Creek and Gully" published in the "Sydney Morning Herald" described the collection of stories as being of varying value and interest but stated "The Last Cruise of John Maudaley" by Louis Becke as being the best in the collection.

paragraph: While living in England, Fisher became a member of the Writer's Club of London and a fellow of the Anthropological Society of London. Fisher also represented Queensland in the International Congress of Women in 1899 and was presented to Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle.

paragraph: Fisher also became known for her enthusiasm for long distance swimming and once swam from Bembridge to Sea View and back, a distance of about seven miles.

paragraph: The Fisher family returned to Australia in 1901 where they lived in Rockhampton, Charters Towers and Brisbane. During this time, Fisher wrote for several publications including "New Eagle" in Charters Towers and Steele Rudd's "Rudd's Magazine".

paragraph: In 1906, the family moved to Sydney. During tough financial times, Fisher worked various jobs including as a canvasser for Colonial Mutual and as a housekeeper for a Blue Mountains hotel. While living in Sydney, her two sons returned to Rockhampton before they went back to England where they both served in World War I.

paragraph: Fisher bought Sydney's "Theatre Magazine" in 1909 where she was the owner/editor until 1918.

paragraph: Fisher eventually published her second book of verse, "Grass Flowering" in 1915, which was followed by her third book, "Earth Spiritual" in 1918

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Fisher's health, including her mental health, began deteriorating from 1920 and was admitted to Gladesville Mental Hospital in 1923. Lala Fisher died from heart disease on 27 February 1929, and was subsequently privately interred at South Head Cemetery on 28 February 1929.

description: (1872-1929) poet and editor

wikidata_label: Mary Lucy (Lala) Fisher

wikipedia_title: Lala Fisher


text: United States Navy

text: Admiral

text: World War I

text: World War II

text: Waukegan, Illinois

text: Lake Forest Academy

text: United States Naval Academy

text: Annapolis

text: battleship

text: armored cruiser

text: World War I

text: Brest, France

text: Navy Cross

text: electrical engineering

text: Columbia University

text: Master of Science

text: light cruiser

text: Naval War College

text: Newport, Rhode Island

text: DESRON

text: attack on Pearl Harbor

text: William Halsey, Jr.

text: J. H. Doolittle

text: first bombing raid on Tokyo

text: Wake Island

text: Raymond A. Spruance

text: Chief of Naval Operations

text: Commander-in-Chief

text: Fleet Admiral

text: Ernest King

text: Sicily

text: Italy

text: Kwajalein

text: Wake

text: Marcus Islands

text: Guam

text: Lingayen Gulf

text: fire support

text: Paris Peace Conference

text: United States Twelfth Fleet

text: President

text: Naval War College

text: Newport

text: Rhode Island

text: admiral

text: Long Island University

text: American Airlines Flight 1

text: Jamaica Bay

text: Idlewild Airport

text: New York City

text: Arlington National Cemetery

categories: United States Naval Academy alumni,Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States),American naval personnel of World War II,People from Waukegan, Illinois,American military personnel of World War I,1962 deaths,Lake Forest Academy alumni,United States Navy admirals,1892 births,Presidents of the Naval War College,Burials at Arlington National Cemetery,Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States,United States Navy World War II admirals

paragraph: Richard L. Conolly

paragraph: Richard Lansing Conolly (April 26, 1892 – March 1, 1962) was a United States Navy Admiral, who served during World War I and World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Conolly was born in Waukegan, Illinois, attended Lake Forest Academy and was appointed to the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, graduating in 1914. He was assigned to the battleship and served in Mexican waters. Between May–November 1915 he received training aboard the armored cruiser , and in March 1916 he was assigned to the battleship as Torpedo Officer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:World War I.

paragraph: Transferred in May 1916 to the destroyer , he was aboard her when the United States entered World War I in April 1917. "Smith" performed escort duty in European waters out of Brest, France.

paragraph: Conolly was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions in connection with the salvaging of the transport ship , which was hit by two torpedoes launched by the German submarine in August 1918. Conolly, with a party of eight others remained on board the badly damaged ship for five days, steering by hand and handling the lines from the tugs, while the ship was towed to port.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Inter-war period.

paragraph: He returned to the United States in November 1918, fitting out, and serving as Executive Officer of the destroyers , and in turn. From August 1920 he studied electrical engineering at Annapolis and Columbia University, New York, receiving a Master of Science degree in June 1922. He then served aboard the battleship , transferring to the battleship in March 1924 to serve as assistant Engineer Officer until September 1925. He then returned to Annapolis, this time as an instructor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Physics.

paragraph: In June 1927 he returned to sea as Engineer Officer of the light cruiser . In August 1929 he assumed command of the destroyer . He completed the junior course at the Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island in May 1931, and remained on the staff for two years.

paragraph: In May 1933 he reported as Aide and Flag Secretary on the staff of Commander Cruisers, Scouting Force, and from April 1935 until June 1936 he served as Navigator aboard the battleship . He then returned to the Naval Academy, serving as an instructor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Physics, and later in the Department of Seamanship and Navigation.

paragraph: Conolly assumed command of Destroyer Division 7 in May 1939, transferring to Destroyer Squadron 6 on 30 January 1941. He was at sea, in command of DESRON 6 at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:World War II.

paragraph: He participated in the initial attack on the Gilbert and Marshall Islands on 1 February 1942, as part of the force under the command of Admiral William Halsey, Jr., and in April his destroyers served as escort for the aircraft carrier from which Lieutenant General J. H. Doolittle's aircraft took off for the first bombing raid on Tokyo. He also participated in a shore bombardment of Wake Island in command of the destroyers in Rear Admiral Raymond A. Spruance's Task Group.

paragraph: Promoted to rear admiral in July 1942, he served on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) Fleet Admiral Ernest King.

paragraph: Between March and October 1943 Conolly served with the Amphibious Force Atlantic Fleet, taking part in the invasions of Sicily and Italy. Transferred to the Pacific, he was with amphibious forces in the Pacific and participated in the landings on Kwajalein, Wake and Marcus Islands.

paragraph: He commanded Group 3, Amphibious Force, Pacific Fleet during 1944 and 1945, and led the landings on Guam in July 1944, and the Lingayen Gulf in January 1945.

paragraph: He gained the nickname "Close-In Conolly" from his insistence that fire support ships should be extremely close to the beach during amphibious assaults. Conolly believed that strong fortifications could be neutralized only by direct hits, which could only be achieved from the shortest possible range.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-war.

paragraph: Conolly was naval representative to the 1946 Paris Peace Conference. He commanded the United States Twelfth Fleet from September 1946 until January 1947, then U.S. Naval Forces Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean from 1947 until 1950.

paragraph: His last assignment was as President of the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island, between 1950 and 1953. Conolly retired with the rank of admiral in November 1953, and was then the president of Long Island University until 1962.

paragraph: On 1 March 1962 Admiral Conolly and his wife, Helen B. Conolly, were passengers aboard American Airlines Flight 1, which crashed into Jamaica Bay soon after take-off from Idlewild Airport, New York City, killing all 95 passengers and crew aboard.

paragraph: Conolly is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

paragraph: The ship , a , was named for Admiral Richard Lansing Conolly.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tucker, Spencer, "Who's Who in Twentieth Century Warfare", Routledge (2001)

description: United States Navy admiral

wikidata_label: Richard L. Conolly

wikipedia_title: Richard L. Conolly


text:
Troy, New York
Democrat
Troy, New York
New York State Democratic Committee
United States Senator
New York
Collège de Montréal
Fordham University
New York State Democratic Committee
Frank Hiscock
Thomas C. Platt
Rensselaer County
Elberon, New Jersey
Troy, New York
Collège de Montréal
Fordham University
paving stones
Northern Ireland
Orange Day
Irish reunification
Democrat
Samuel J. Tilden
Winfield Scott Hancock
Roswell P. Flower
Grover Cleveland
David B. Hill
in 1896
Wilson S. Bissell
Free silver
William Jennings Bryan
the general election
1900 Democratic National Convention
In 1904
Alton B. Parker
1893
U.S. Senator from New York
1899
Chauncey M. Depew
Education and Labor
Rensselaer County
Elberon, New Jersey
honorary degree
master of arts
LL.D.
Albany, New York
Hugh J. Grant

categories: 1836 births,Politicians from Troy, New York,American people of Irish descent,Democratic Party United States Senators,United States Senators from New York (state),New York (state) Democrats,Fordham University alumni,1911 deaths

paragraph: Edward Murphy Jr.

paragraph: Edward Murphy Jr. (December 15, 1834August 3, 1911) was a businessman and politician from Troy, New York. A Democrat, he served as mayor of Troy, New York (1875-1883), chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee (1888-1894), and a United States Senator from New York (1893-1899).

paragraph: A native of Troy, Murphy was educated in Troy and attended the Collège de Montréal with the intention of becoming a priest. Deciding to pursue a business career instead, Murphy attended St. John's College (now Fordham University), from which he graduated in 1857. He then joined his father's brewing business, which he managed in partnership with his father. After his father's retirement, Murphy operated the brewery until merging with another local brewer to form a partnership known as Murphy & Kennedy. Murphy's other business interests included serving as president of the Troy Gas Company. Murphy was also a shareholder in the Troy City Railway and the city's electric company.

paragraph: Long active in politics as a Democrat, Murphy was a delegate to many of the party's local, county, state, and national conventions. He was active in Troy's city government, and served as an alderman from 1864 to 1866, fire commissioner from 1874 to 1875, and mayor from 1875 to 1883. From 1888 to 1894 he was chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee. In 1893, Democrats controlled the New York State Legislature, and were able to elect a Democrat to the U.S. Senate as the successor to Frank Hiscock. Murphy was selected as the Democratic nominee, and won the legislative election. Murphy served one term, March 4, 1893 to March 3, 1899. Republicans controlled the legislature in 1899, and Murphy was succeeded in the Senate by Republican Thomas C. Platt.

paragraph: After leaving the Senate, Murphy resumed his former business pursuits in Troy, attended several national Democratic conventions as a delegate, and served as chairman of the Rensselaer County Democratic Committee. He died at his summer home in Elberon, New Jersey on August 3, 1911. Murphy was buried at St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery in Troy.

paragraph: Section::::Birth and early years.

paragraph: Edward Murphy was born in Troy, New York on December 15, 1834, the son of Edward and Mary Murphy. He attended the local schools, and enrolled at the Collège de Montréal in anticipation of a career in the priesthood. He later decided on a secular career, and attended St. John's College (now Fordham University), from which he graduated in 1859. Murphy's father was a brewer and, after completing college, Murphy joined his father in the business. After his father's retirement Murphy operated the brewery and eventually merged with another local brewer to form the partnership of Kennedy & Murphy.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Mayor of Troy.

paragraph: Murphy served as a city alderman from 1864 to 1866, and from 1874 to 1875 he was Troy's fire commissioner. He was mayor of Troy from 1875 to 1883. City initiatives undertaken during his mayoralty included construction of a new city hall, surfacing or resurfacing of city streets with granite paving stones, modernizing of the city water system, and reduction of the city's long-term debt.

paragraph: As mayor, Murphy enhanced his personal popularity by not accepting his salary, and instead distributing it to various city charities during each year's Christmas season. In addition, he earned favorable publicity by responding to a crisis at one of the city's banks. When a shortage at the Manufacturers' National Bank began a run by depositors, Murphy solicited loans from several other banks by pledging his personal credit as security. He then personally deposited $250,000 at Manufacturers' National after first ensuring that a crowd of account holders was on hand to witness his action. When word of Murphy's deposit spread, the run on the bank ended, and its officers and directors were able to take steps to restore it to solvency.

paragraph: Murphy also enhanced his reputation by taking steps in 1876 to ensure that supporters of Great Britain's continued rule over Northern Ireland could demonstrate peacefully. Beginning in the 1840s, Protestant pro-Northern Ireland supporters conducted an annual Orange Day parade in Troy each July. Though Murphy was Catholic and supported Irish reunification, when supporters of reunification threatened the 1876 Orange Day parade, Murphy ordered the chief of police to dispatch the entire city police department to protect the marchers. He then marched himself at the head of the officers who led the parade along its intended route, ensuring that the pro-Northern Ireland demonstrators could conduct their demonstration without incident.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:Convention delegate.

paragraph: A Democrat, Murphy was a delegate to numerous local, county, and state conventions. He also attended several national conventions as a delegate, including: 1876, when he supported Samuel J. Tilden for president; 1880, when he supported Tilden before backing Winfield Scott Hancock; 1884, when he supported Roswell P. Flower before switching to Grover Cleveland; 1888, when he supported Cleveland's re-nomination; and 1892, when he first supported David B. Hill before backing Cleveland.

paragraph: Murphy was chosen as a delegate to the national convention in in 1896, but did not attend because of ill health, and was replaced by alternate Wilson S. Bissell. Though he was against the Free silver policy advocated by William Jennings Bryan, once Bryan was nominated, Murphy supported him for president in the general election. Murphy attended the 1900 Democratic National Convention as a delegate, and again supported Bryan for the presidential nomination. Murphy's name appeared in several news accounts as a potential candidate for the vice presidential nomination, but he disclaimed any interest and made no no move to obtain it. In 1904, Murphy was again a delegate to the Democratic Party's national convention, and supported Alton B. Parker for president.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:State party chairman.

paragraph: From 1887 to 1894 he was chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee. As chairman, Murphy won praise for planning and executing strategies that resulted in Democratic victories in all but one of the statewide elections that took part during his tenure. In addition, Democrats reclaimed control of the state legislature, which enabled the election of two simultaneously-serving Democratic U.S. Senators from New York (including Murphy) for the first time since the 1840s.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.:US Senator.

paragraph: In 1893 he was elected a U.S. Senator from New York, and he served from March 4, 1893 to March 3, 1899. In 1899, he was defeated in his bid for re-election by Republican Chauncey M. Depew. Murphy served on the Education and Labor Committee, and he was Chairman of the Committee on Relations with Canada in the 53rd Congress.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: He resumed his former business activities, including investing in real estate and serving as president of the Troy Gas Company and vice president of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Troy. He was also a major investor in the Troy City Railway and the city's electric company. For several years he was chairman of the Democratic Party in both the city of Troy and in Rensselaer County.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Murphy died at his summer home in Elberon, New Jersey, on August 3, 1911. He was interred in St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery in Troy.

paragraph: Section::::Honors.

paragraph: In 1891, St. John's College awarded Murphy the honorary degree of master of arts. In 1894, St. John's presented him with an honorary LL.D. degree.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Murphy was married to Julia Delehanty (1842-1915) of Albany, New York. They were the parents of nine children, eight of whom lived to adulthood; Edward, Julia, William, twins Joseph and John, Jane, Richard, and Helen. His daughter Julia was the wife of Hugh J. Grant, a prominent New York City politician.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Edward Murphy

wikipedia_title: Edward Murphy Jr.


text: John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke

text: Anne Manny, 2nd Baroness Manny

text: Baron Abergavenny

text: Elizabeth of Lancaster

text: John of Gaunt

text: unconsummated

text: annulled

text: John Holland

text: Philippa Mortimer

text: Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March

text: Richard II

text: Woodstock Palace

text: jousting

text: Sir John Des

text: Earldom of Pembroke

text: Barony of Manny

text: Barony of Hastings

text: Tunstall, Kent

text: Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn

text: 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn

text: Elizabeth de Hastings

text: Inquisition Post Mortem

categories: Hastings family,1389 deaths,Earls of Pembroke (1339),1372 births,14th-century English people

paragraph: John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke

paragraph: John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (October 137230 December 1389) was the son of John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke and Anne Manny, 2nd Baroness Manny. He was also Baron Abergavenny.

paragraph: Section::::Infant Inheritance.

paragraph: He succeeded his father as an infant in 1375.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: He married Elizabeth of Lancaster the daughter of John of Gaunt, in 1380, but the marriage was unconsummated (he was 8 and she 17 at the time of the marriage) and was annulled after she became pregnant by John Holland, whom she subsequently married.

paragraph: He subsequently married Philippa Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, but had no children, dying shortly afterwards in a jousting accident.

paragraph: Section::::Death in a Joust.

paragraph: Richard II held his Christmas court at Woodstock Palace in 1389, and the seventeen year old Pembroke took part in the Christmas sports, including jousting. While running a course against Sir John Des, he was struck in the groin by his opponent's lance and subsequently died of his injuries. Upon his death, the Earldom of Pembroke and the Barony of Manny became extinct, while the Barony of Hastings passed to his cousin, John Hastings, 6th Baron Hastings, heir by the half blood through his great grandfather. Also the parish of Tunstall, Kent passed to his cousin Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn. His cousins litigated for years regarding property rights, but resolution was delayed during the minority of Edward Hastings, 7th Baron Hastings, brother of the 6th Baron Hastings. When 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn prevailed at law as heir by the whole blood through his paternal grandmother Elizabeth de Hastings, 7th Baron Hastings refused to pay court costs while the case was on appeal (to not create a presumption of acquiescence based on the contemporary rules of evidence) and was imprisoned in chains.

paragraph: Pembroke was described by the chronicler as being mourned by the common people as well as the nobility, by reason of his kind and generous nature.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inquisition Post Mortem #885.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Translation from "Historia Vitae et Regni Ricardi Secundi"

description: English noble

wikidata_label: John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke

wikipedia_title: John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke


text:
hip hop
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Brooklyn, New York
indie hip hop
Doomtree
Dessa
Doomtree
Digitata
Star Tribune
DJ Shadow
89.3 The Current
Dessa
False Hopes
Sims
Lights Out Paris
P.O.S
Never Better
A Badly Broken Code
Mike Mictlan
Snaxxx
F.Stokes
Parts of Speech
More Than Ever
Poliça
Astronautalis
GAYNGS
Mike Mictlan
DESK2
Paper Tiger
Bandcamp
Paper Tiger
Doomtree

categories: Musicians from Minneapolis,American hip hop record producers,American DJs,Doomtree,Living people

paragraph: Paper Tiger (hip hop producer)

paragraph: John Samels, better known by his stage name Paper Tiger, is a hip hop producer and DJ from Minneapolis, Minnesota, who is currently based in Brooklyn, New York. He is a founding member of the indie hip hop collective Doomtree.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Paper Tiger released the 7-inch vinyl single, "Cloquet", in December 2009.

paragraph: His first solo album, "Made Like Us", was released in July 2010. It features vocal contributions from Dessa of Doomtree and Maggie Morrison of Digitata. Chris Riemenschneider of "Star Tribune" described the album as "a moody, sometimes dark but also surprisingly elegant and cinematic collection, recalling DJ Shadow's best stuff."

paragraph: He released "Summer EP" in August 2012 and "Beat Tape" the next month. "Prefix" premiered the track "Gold Pass" and "89.3 The Current" premiered a video for the track "The Fortunate Wayfarer."

paragraph: In 2016, Paper Tiger released "In Other Words Part One" in April and "In Other Words Part Two" in July, with each containing four songs. It features vocals from Dessa and Aby Wolf.

paragraph: Besides producing, Samels also works as a Designer / Art Director in Brooklyn, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Made Like Us" (2010)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "False Hopes 11: Paper Tiger" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Summer EP" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beat Tape" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Other Words Part One" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Other Words Part Two" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Other Words Part Three" (2017)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cloquet" (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Mixtapes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doomtree Standards Mixtape" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #1: 80's Electro" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #2: EPMD" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #3: Random Stack" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #4: New Jack Swing" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #5: Ice Cube" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #6: Cryphy-Dance" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #7: TripHop" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #8: Disco/Funk" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #9: Prince" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #10: Random Stack 2" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min. Mix. #11: Lazerbeak" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min Mix. #12 Spring Fever (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min Mix. #13 B.I.G. (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min Mix. #14 De La Soul (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min Mix. #15 Late Night Moves (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "20 Min Mix. #16 Cold Winter (2014)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Productions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dessa - "551" from "False Hopes" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sims - "Dreamsleep" and "No Homeowners" from "Lights Out Paris" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- P.O.S - "Low Light Low Life" from "Never Better" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sims - "Pay No Mind Redo" from "False Hopes XIV" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dessa - "The Chaconne," "Go Home," "The Bullpen," "Crew," and "Alibi" from "A Badly Broken Code" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mike Mictlan - "Dwnsze" from "Snaxxx" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- F.Stokes - "Fearless Beauty" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dessa - "Warsaw", "Call Off Your Ghost", and "The Lamb" from "Parts of Speech" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- F. Stokes - "Can't Call It" and "Summer Coldest" from "Liquor Sto' Diaries" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sims - "A Bad Flying Bird", "Icarus", "Flash Paper", and "Gosper Island" from More Than Ever (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Remixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poliça - "Chain My Name (Paper Tiger Remix)" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Astronautalis - "Dimitri Mendeleev (Paper Tiger remix)" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- GAYNGS - "COLOGNE & WATER (PAPER TIGER REGRIND)" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mike Mictlan - "Prizefight (Paper Tiger Remix)" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sun Gods to Gamma Rays - "You Thought You Had It All (Paper Tiger Remix)" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.Gundersen - "Balcony (Paper Tiger Remix)" (2014)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- DESK2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paper Tiger on Bandcamp

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paper Tiger on Doomtree

description: American record producer

wikidata_label: Paper Tiger

wikipedia_title: Paper Tiger (hip hop producer)


text:
Prince of Turnovo
Madrid
Kardam, Prince of Turnovo
Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria
baccalaureate

categories: House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Bulgaria),1997 births,Living people

paragraph: Boris, Prince of Turnovo

paragraph: Prince Boris of Bulgaria, Duke of Saxony, Prince of Turnovo (born 12 October 1997 in Madrid), is the elder son of Kardam, Prince of Turnovo, and the grandson of former Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria.

paragraph: He is, after the death of his father on 7 April 2015, first in line of succession to the defunct Bulgarian throne.

paragraph: Boris, who has maintained close relations with the Spanish royal family since his father's death, speaks Spanish, English, French and some Bulgarian. He is an artist, devoted to sculpture, plays the guitar and was educated at the "Lycée Français Molière" in Villanueva de la Cañada in the vicinity of Madrid. He chose to complete his baccalaureate studies in Austria.

paragraph: Section::::Titles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 12 October 1997 – 7 April 2015: "His Royal Highness" Prince Boris of Bulgaria, Duke of Saxony

paragraph: BULLET::::- 7 April 2015 – present: "His Royal Highness" The Prince of Tarnovo

description: Bulgarian prince

wikidata_label: Prince Boris of Bulgaria

wikipedia_title: Boris, Prince of Turnovo


text:
The Knife
Karin Dreijer
The Knife
nightclub
Europe
Emmanuel Jal
Planningtorock
W
Oni Ayhun Website
Resident Advisor DJ Page
Discogs Profile

categories: Feminist musicians,Swedish male musicians,1981 births,Swedish electronic musicians,Male feminists,Swedish feminists,Living people

paragraph: Olof Dreijer

paragraph: Olof Björn Dreijer (born 27 November 1981) is a Swedish DJ and record producer, best known as a member of the electronica duo The Knife, formed with his sibling Karin Dreijer.

paragraph: Although The Knife very rarely performed live concerts, Olof performs as DJ Coolof in nightclubs across Europe. He only performs at nights or at festivals with equal gender representation on the lineup of artists – no more than 50% people who identify as men.

paragraph: In late 2009 and early 2010 Olof released four EPs under the pseudonym Oni Ayhun.

paragraph: In late 2010 Olof released a remix of Emmanuel Jal's "Kuar". In 2011, he produced the song "Jam" by Planningtorock from the album "W".

paragraph: Olof Dreijer, upon being asked to DJ in Tel Aviv, stated that he supports the international cultural boycott of Israel, requested by the Palestinian Civil Society in a call for the controversial BDS organization (Boycott Divestment Sanctions). Organisations like The Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel, PACBI, and Queers against Israeli Pinkwashing, urge artists not to perform in Israel. Olof Dreijer and The Knife have supported this boycott for many years.

paragraph: Section::::Releases.

paragraph: as Oni Ayhun:

paragraph: as Olof Dreijer:

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oni Ayhun Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Resident Advisor DJ Page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discogs Profile

alias:
Oni Ayhun
DJ Coolof

description: Swedish musician

wikidata_label: Olof Dreijer

wikipedia_title: Olof Dreijer