text: King of Croatia

text: Dalmatia

text: Trpimirović dynasty

text: Croatian realm

text: Croatian history

text: Nin

text: Biograd na Moru

text: Šibenik

text: Croatian

text: Stephen I

text: Venetian Doge

text: Pietro II Orseolo

text: Stephen I

text: Pope Nicholas II

text: Roman rite

text: Great Schism of 1054

text: Byzantine orientalism

text: Slavonic

text: Glagolitic

text: pope

text: Latin

text: rebellion

text: Rome

text: celibacy

text: Roman Rite

text: Dalmatia

text: feudalism

text: Biograd

text: Nin

text: Karin

text: Skradin

text: Benedictine monasteries

text: monastery

text: St.Mary

text: Zadar

text: nun

text: Abbess

text: Čika

text: Benedictine

text: Skradin

text: Stephen Trpimirović

text: Ulric I, Margrave of Carniola

text: Kvarner

text: Istria

text: Demetrius Zvonimir

text: ban of Slavonia

text: Dmitar Zvonimir

text: Ban of Croatia

text: Gojslav

text: župan

text: ban

text: ban of Croatia

text: banate of Slavonia

text: Maun

text: monastery

text: Zadar

text: Byzantine Empire

text: Seljuk Turks

text: proconsul

text: eparch

text: Normans

text: Battle of Manzikert

text: Seljuk Turks

text: Diocleans

text: Serbs

text: boyar

text: Macedonia

text: Normans

text: Peter II of Trani

text: southern Italy

text: Amico of Giovinazzo

text: Rab

text: Cres

text: Split

text: Trogir

text: Bishop of Cres

text: Republic of Venice

text: Krešimir III of Croatia

text: Trpimirović dynasty

text: Slavonia

text: Svetoslav Suronja

text: Johannes Lucius

text: Solin

text: Ottoman Turks

text: historian

text: Croatian rulers

text: Thomas the Archdeacon

text: Historia Salonitana

text: Croatian navy

text: statue

text: History of Croatia

text: East–West Schism

text: List of rulers of Croatia

text: Ferdo Šišić

text: A romantic portrait of Kresimir.

categories: Kings of Croatia,Roman Catholic monarchs,11th-century monarchs in Europe,Trpimirović dynasty,Medieval Croatian nobility,Year of birth unknown,11th-century Croatian people,1074 deaths

paragraph: Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia

paragraph: Peter Krešimir IV, called the Great (, ) was King of Croatia and Dalmatia from 1059 until his death in 1074 or 1075. He was the last great ruler of the Krešimirović branch of the Trpimirović dynasty.

paragraph: Under his rule the Croatian realm reached its peak territorially, earning him the sobriquet "the Great", otherwise unique in Croatian history. He kept his seat at Nin and Biograd na Moru, however, the city of Šibenik holds a statue of him and is sometimes called "Krešimir's city" (Croatian: ""Krešimirov grad"") because he is generally credited as the founder.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Peter Krešimir was born as one of two children to king Stephen I ("Stjepan I") and his wife Hicela, daughter of the Venetian Doge Pietro II Orseolo.

paragraph: Krešimir succeeded his father Stephen I upon his death in 1058 and was crowned the next year. It is not known where his coronation took place, but some historians suggest Biograd as a possibility.

paragraph: From the outset, he continued the policies of his father, but was immediately requested in letter by Pope Nicholas II first in 1059. and then in 1060 to reform the Croatian church in accordance with the Roman rite. This was especially significant to the papacy in the aftermath of the Great Schism of 1054, when a papal ally in the Balkans was a necessity. This was in accordance with the visit of the papal legate Mainardius in 1060, Kresimir and the upper nobility lent their support to the pope and the church of Rome.

paragraph: The lower nobility and the peasantry, however, were far less well-disposed to reforms. The Croatian priesthood was aligned towards Byzantine orientalism, including having long beards and marrying. More so, the ecclesiastical service was likely practiced in the native Slavonic (Glagolitic), whereas the pope demanded practice in Latin. This caused a rebellion of the clergy led by a certain priest named Vuk ("Ulfus"), who was referenced as newcomer to the kingdom in sources. Vuk had presented the demands and gifts of the Croats to the Pope during his stay in Rome, but was told nothing could be accomplished without the consent of the Split see and the king. They protested against celibacy and the Roman Rite in 1063, but they were proclaimed heretical at a synod of 1064 and excommunicated, a decision which Krešimir supported. Krešimir harshly quelled all opposition and sustained a firm alignment towards western Romanism, with the intent of more fully integrating the Dalmatian populace into his realm. In turn, he could then use them to balance the power caused by the growing feudal class. By the end of Krešimir's reign, feudalism had made permanent inroads into Croatian society and Dalmatia had been permanently associated with the Croatian state.

paragraph: The income from the cities further strengthened Krešimir's power, and he subsequently fostered the development of more cities, such as Biograd, Nin, Šibenik, Karin, and Skradin. He also had several monasteries constructed, like the Benedictine monasteries of (1060) and "St Thomas" (c. 1066) in Biograd, and donated much land to the Church. In 1066, he granted a charter to the new monastery of St.Mary in Zadar, where the founder and first nun was his cousin, the Abbess "Čika". This remains the oldest Croatian monument in the city of Zadar, and became a spearhead for the reform movement. Several other Benedictine monasteries were also founded during his reign, including the one in Skradin. During the same year, he gave his nephew Stephen Trpimirović the office of Duke of Croatia, which designated him as his co-ruler and successor.

paragraph: In 1067, the northern part of the kingdom was invaded by Ulric I, Margrave of Carniola, who occupied a part of Kvarner and the eastern coast of Istria, the "March of Dalmatia". As the king was at that time preoccupied with the liturgical issues and reforms in Dalmatia, these parts were eventually liberated by his ban Demetrius Zvonimir.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Territorial policy.

paragraph: Krešimir greatly expanded Croatia along the Adriatic coastland and in the mainland eastwards. He made the ban of Slavonia, Dmitar Zvonimir, of the related Svetoslavić brand of his house, Ban of Croatia, and subsequently elevated him as his principal adviser with the title Duke of Croatia. This act brought Slavonia into the Croatian fold definitively.

paragraph: Around this time, Krešimir was rumored to have murdered his brother Gojslav, who had served as the ban of Croatia until 1070. Eventually, when the rumors reached abroad, Pope Alexander II sent one of his delegates to inquire about the death of Gojslav. Only after the monarch and 12 Croatian župans had taken oath that he did not kill his brother, the Pope symbolically restored the royal power to Krešimir.

paragraph: It was for the first time that the high ranking office of ban started to branch during his rule, as multiple bans were for the first time mentioned in 1067. It is known that, apart from the ban of Croatia, the banate of Slavonia existed during this period, which was at this time likely held by Krešimir's successor Demetrius Zvonimir. The city of Šibenik is for the first time mentioned during his rule in 1066, which was his seat for some time and is for these reasons referred as "Krešimir's city" in modern times.

paragraph: In 1069, he gave the island of Maun, near Nin, to the monastery of "St. Krševan" in Zadar, in thanks for the "expansion of the kingdom on land and on sea, by the grace of the omnipotent God" ("quia Deus omnipotens terra marique nostrum prolungavit regnum"). In his surviving document, Krešimir nevertheless did not fail to point out that it was "our own island that lies on our Dalmatian sea" ("nostram propriam insulam in nostro Dalmatico mari sitam, que vocatur Mauni").

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Relations with Byzantium and the Normans.

paragraph: In 1069, he had the Byzantine Empire recognize him as supreme ruler of the parts of Dalmatia Byzantium had controlled since the Croatian dynastic struggle of 997. At the time, the empire was at war both with the Seljuk Turks in Asia and the Normans in southern Italy, so Krešimir took the opportunity and, avoiding an imperial nomination as proconsul or eparch, consolidated his holdings as the "regnum Dalmatiae et Chroatia". This was not a formal title, but it designated a unified political-administrative territory, which had been the chief desire of the Croatian kings.

paragraph: During Krešimir's reign, the Normans from southern Italy first became involved in Balkan politics and Krešimir soon came in contact with them. After the 1071 Battle of Manzikert, where the Seljuk Turks routed the Eastern Imperial army, the Diocleans, Serbs and other Slavs instigated a rebellion of boyars in Macedonia and in 1072, Krešimir is alleged to have lent his aid to this uprising. In 1075, the Normans under Peter II of Trani invaded the Dalmatian possessions of Croatia from southern Italy, most likely at the command of the Pope, who had been in a quarrel with the king of Croatia over papal politics towards his kingdom. During the invasion, the Norman count Amico of Giovinazzo besieged the island of Rab for almost a month (14 April to early May). He failed in his siege of Rab, but he managed to take the island of Cres on 9 May. It was during these clashes that the Croatian king himself was captured by Amico at an unidentified location. In return for liberation, he was forced to relinquish many cities, including both his capitals, as well as Zadar, Split, and Trogir. His followers, such as the Bishop of Cres, also collected a large ransom. However, he was not liberated. Over the next two years, the Republic of Venice expelled the Normans and secured the cities for themselves.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death and succession.

paragraph: Near the end of his reign, Peter Krešimir had no sons, but only a daughter, Neda . His brothers were dead, so his death meant the end of the usurping Krešimir III of Croatia branch of the Trpimirović dynasty. Peter Krešimir designated his cousin Demetrius Zvonimir, duke of Slavonia, as his heir, which restored the Svetoslav Suronja branch of the dynasty. According to some historians, Zvonimir deposed Peter. It is uncertain whether Peter died in a Norman prison during the first half of 1075. According to Johannes Lucius, an usurper, Slavac, succeeded to the throne sometime in 1074 and reigned only for a year before Zvonimir succeeded.

paragraph: Krešimir was buried in the church of St. Stephen in Solin, together with the other dukes and kings of Croatia. Several centuries later the Ottoman Turks destroyed the church, banished the monks who had preserved it, and destroyed the graves.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Krešimir is, by some historians, regarded as one of the greatest Croatian rulers. Thomas the Archdeacon named him "the Great" in his work "Historia Salonitana" during the 13th century for his significance in unifing the Dalmatian coastal cities with the Croatian state and accomplishing a peak in Croatia's territorial extent. The RTOP-11 of the Croatian navy was named after Krešimir. The city of Šibenik holds a statue of him and some schools in the vicinity are named after Krešimir.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Croatia

paragraph: BULLET::::- East–West Schism

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of rulers of Croatia

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferdo Šišić, Povijest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara, 1925, Zagreb

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Povijest Hrvatske I. (R. Horvat)/Petar Krešimir

paragraph: BULLET::::- A romantic portrait of Kresimir.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Map of Kingdom of Croatia during Kresimir IV.

description: King of Croatia

wikidata_label: Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia

wikipedia_title: Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia


text: American

text: cowboy

text: author

text: Hank the Cowdog

text: Midland

text: Texas

text: Perryton

text: Texas Panhandle

text: University of Texas at Austin

text: Harvard Divinity School

text: Maverick Books

text: The Cattleman

text: Texas Library Association

text: serial

text: The Dallas Morning News

text: Persian

text: Spanish

text: Danish

text: Chinese

text: Roberts County

text: Ochiltree County

text: Gene Edward Veith

text: Biography of John Erickson

text: Main Street Theater Company

text: Hank the Cowdog, Official Website

categories: People from Midland, Texas,Hank the Cowdog,University of Texas at Austin alumni,1942 births,Writers from Texas,People from Perryton, Texas,Culture of Amarillo, Texas,University of Denver alumni,People from Roberts County, Texas,Living people,American male writers,Harvard Divinity School alumni

paragraph: John R. Erickson

paragraph: John Richard Erickson (born October 20, 1943) is an American cowboy and author, best known for his Hank the Cowdog series of children's novels.

paragraph: Born in Midland, Texas, he was reared in Perryton in the northern Texas Panhandle. He graduated in 1966 from the University of Texas at Austin and spent two years at Harvard Divinity School. He began publishing short stories in 1967, while still working as a cowboy and ranch manager in Texas and Oklahoma. Hank and Drover are both dogs he'd worked with at the ranch.

paragraph: In 1982, after receiving numerous rejection slips from large publishers, Erickson borrowed $2,000 and began his own publishing company, Maverick Books. Hank the Cowdog debuted in "The Cattleman", and two related short stories appeared in the first book published by Maverick Books, "The Devil in Texas". Erickson began selling books out of his pickup truck wherever cowboys gathered.

paragraph: Erickson soon found himself receiving letters addressed to Hank, and so, the next year, in 1983, he published the first full-length book in the series, "The Original Adventures of Hank the Cowdog". His 2,000-book first printing ran out in six weeks. With the book's success, he shortly afterward recorded the book, word-for-word, on audio tape. Hank the Cowdog has since become the longest-running successful children's series on audio.

paragraph: That book has since spawned over seventy sequels, becoming one of the most popular children's fiction series, selling more than 7.5 million books and winning several awards. The full series of books and tapes are usually available in most school libraries around the United States. His books are endorsed by the Texas Library Association and have, for two years, been serialized in "The Dallas Morning News". His "Hank the Cowdog" series has been translated into Persian, Spanish, Danish, and Chinese, and have sold over 8.5 million copies.

paragraph: Erickson has written over seventy books, and is frequently invited to perform, reading book selections and singing songs, in classrooms and school libraries. He lives in Perryton with his wife.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: He was born John Richard Erickson in Midland, Texas on October 20, 1943. His parents were Joseph W. Erickson and Anna Beth Curry Erickson. In 1946 the family moved to Perryton in the Texas Panhandle. John Erickson attended school in Perryton and upon graduation studied at the University of Denver for a year. He then attended the University of Texas, where he met his future wife Kristine. They were married in 1967. Erickson later went to Harvard Divinity School but walked away a few credits short of graduating.

paragraph: After leaving Harvard, Erickson began working as a cowboy and ranch manager on various ranches in Texas and Oklahoma. In 1982 he set up his own publishing company, Maverick Books, and began writing the Hank the Cowdog stories. On March 6, 2017, Erickson's ranch home was destroyed in the fires that swept across more than 315,000 acres of the Texas Panhandle. His property is south of Perryton in Roberts County. In the books, Hank is "Head of Ranch Security" of an unnamed ranch in nearby Ochiltree County. Upon his loss from the blaze, he quoted Scripture: "Naked we came into this world and naked we will leave it," and added, "but we will sure miss that house."

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: As of June 2018, there are 71 printed books in the Hank the Cowdog series, 7 audio-only titles, and 6 CDs of music from the audiobooks. Those titles can be viewed on the Hank website, www.hankthecowdog.com. Erickson has also written a number of non-Hank books that have lived in Hank’s shadow and are not as well known.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Through Time and the Valley" (1978). Shoal Creek Publishers, Maverick Books, and University of North Texas Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Panhandle Cowboy" (1980). With a preface by Larry McMurtry. University of Nebraska Press and University of North Texas Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Modern Cowboy" (1981). University of Nebraska Press and University of North Texas Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Devil in Texas and Other Cowboy Tales" (1982). Maverick Books and Gulf Publishing Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cowboys Are Partly Human" (1983). Maverick Books and Gulf Publishing Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alkali County Tales" (1984). Maverick Books and Gulf Publishing Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hunter" (1984). Doubleday and Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ace Reid: Cowpoke" (1984). Maverick Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Essays on Writing and Publishing" (1985). Maverick Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cowboys Are Old Enough To Know Better" (1986). Maverick Books and Gulf Publishing Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cowboys Are a Separate Species" (1986). Maverick Books and Gulf Publishing Company.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cowboy Country" (1986). Maverick Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cowboy Fiddler" (1992). With Frankie McWhorter. Texas Tech Press and University of North Texas Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Horse Fixin’: Forty Years of Working With Problem Horses" (1992). With Frankie McWhorter. Texas Tech Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catch Rope—The Long Arm of the Cowboy" (1994). University of North Texas Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "LZ Cowboy: A Cowboy’s Journal 1979-81" (1999). University of North Texas Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Some Babies Grow Up To Be Cowboys: A Collection of Articles and Essays" (1999). University of North Texas Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Friends: Cowboys, Cattle, Horses, Dogs, Cats, and Coons" (2002). University of North Texas Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prairie Gothic: The Story of a West Texas Family" (2005). Foreword by Elmer Kelton. University of North Texas Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moonshiner’s Gold" (2001). Viking-Penguin and Maverick Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Discovery At Flint Springs" (2003). Viking Press and Maverick Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Story Craft: Reflections on Faith, Culture, and Writing" (2009). Introduction by Gene Edward Veith and foreword by Nancy Pearcey. Maverick Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fear’s Return" (2011). Maverick Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ranch Life Series, Book One: Ranching and Livestock" (2016). Maverick Books.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of John Erickson from Hank the Cowdog, Official Website, About the Author

paragraph: BULLET::::- John R. Erickson, Amarillo, "Celebrate Education"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Main Street Theater Company

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hank the Cowdog, Official Website

description: American author

enwikiquote_title: John R. Erickson

wikidata_label: John R. Erickson

wikipedia_title: John R. Erickson


text: indie rock

text: Guided by Voices

text: four-track recorder

text: lo-fi

text: Isolation Drills

text: Half Smiles of the Decomposed

text: Carnival Boy

text: Moonflower Plastic

text: Let's Welcome the Circus People

text: Robert Pollard

text: Airport 5

text: Leland, Michigan

text: Lost Planets & Phantom Voices

text: Mitch Mitchell

text: Kevin Fennell

text: Greg Demos

text: Irving Plaza

text: New Year's Eve

text: The Universe & Me

text: Burger Records

text: Dayton, Ohio

text: Centerville High School

text: Ohio University

text: Tim Allen

text: Carnival Boy

text: Moonflower Plastic

text: Let's Welcome the Circus People

text: Lost Planets & Phantom Voices

text: The Universe & Me

text: Airport 5

text: Tower in the Fountain of Sparks

text: Life Starts Here

categories: 1955 births,Entertainers from Ohio,20th-century American guitarists,People from Leland, Michigan,Musicians from Dayton, Ohio,American rock guitarists,Living people,Matador Records artists,Guided by Voices members,Music of Ohio,Guitarists from Ohio,American male guitarists

paragraph: Tobin Sprout

paragraph: Tobin Sprout (born April 28, 1955) is an American artist and musician. He is best known as being the secondary major writer and member of indie rock group Guided by Voices.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: A self-taught musician, Sprout played with and was a major collaborator to the Dayton band Guided By Voices. Employing a four-track recorder and a home studio he contributed to the unique lo-fi sound of Guided by Voices and he was a member of the band from 1987 through 1997, and again from 2010 to 2014. The band frequently recorded in Sprout's home studio, and as a member of the band he contributed as a co-writer, multi-instrumentalist and studio engineer. Guided by Voices songs written by Sprout include "It's Like Soul Man," "Awful Bliss," and "Atom Eyes". Between the 1997 split and the 2010 reunion, he appeared on three more Guided by Voices recordings, contributing piano to the "Isolation Drills" song "How's My Drinking?" and guitar to the "Half Smiles of the Decomposed" tracks "Girls of Wild Strawberries" and "Huffman Prairie Flying Field" the latter of which was the final track on the album.

paragraph: Although a visual artist by trade, he has continued to write his own music, releasing "Carnival Boy" in 1996, "Moonflower Plastic" in 1997 and "Let's Welcome the Circus People" in 1999. He wrote songs for a project called Eyesinweasel which were collected on 2000s "Wrinkled Thoughts". His "Demos and Outtakes" collection was released in the following year. In 2001, Sprout rejoined with Robert Pollard (of Guided by Voices) to form Airport 5, independently releasing numerous singles and 2 full-length albums, "Tower in the Fountain of Sparks" and in 2002, "Life Starts Here". He has continued writing and composing independently, from his home in Leland, Michigan, recording and releasing his fourth solo effort "Lost Planets & Phantom Voices".

paragraph: In 2009, Sprout released his first children's book, "Elliott", published by Mackinac Island Press.

paragraph: In 2010 Sprout released his fifth solo effort, "The Bluebirds Of Happiness Tried To Land On My Shoulder", on his personal record label Moonflower Records.

paragraph: In July 2010, Robert Pollard announced that the "Classic Lineup" of Guided By Voices would reunite for a U.S. tour, with a lineup featuring Pollard, Sprout, Mitch Mitchell, Kevin Fennell, and Greg Demos. The tour culminated with a performance in at Irving Plaza in New York City on New Year's Eve, 2010. They went on to release six new studio albums before splitting up again in 2014.

paragraph: In 2017 Sprout released his sixth solo effort, "The Universe & Me" changing from his personal label to the independent label Burger Records from Fullerton, California.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Sprout was born in Dayton, Ohio and graduated from Centerville High School in 1974. After graduating from high school, Sprout studied graphic design and illustration at Ohio University. American actor Tim Allen has stated he is a collector and admirer of Sprout's artwork and illustrations.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles & EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Popstram" (1 Toaster, 2 Sadder Than You, 3 Bottle Of The Ghost Of Time - 7") - Recordhead (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wax Nails" (1 Get Your Calcium, 2 Cereal Killer, 3 Seed, 4 The Crawling Backward Man, 5 In Good Hands, 6 How's Your House? (Demo) - CD, EP) - Recordhead (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let Go Of My Beautiful Balloon" (A Let Go Of My Beautiful Balloon, B Shirley The Rainbow - 7", Single) - Wigwam Records (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Untitled" - Split with The Minders (1 Can I Have This?, 2 Lust - 7") - Sprite Recordings (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sentimental Stations" (1 Secret Service, 2 Branding Dennis, 3 I Think You Would, 4 Inside The Blockhouse, 5 Are You Happening?, 6 Doctor #8 [Piano Version], 7 Sentimental Stations - CD, EP) - Recordhead (2002)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo studio albums.

paragraph: Tobin Sprout:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1996 - Carnival Boy"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 "- Moonflower Plastic"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 "- Let's Welcome the Circus People"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 "- Lost Planets & Phantom Voices"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "The Bluebirds Of Happiness Tried To Land On My Shoulder"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2017 - The Universe & Me"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other albums.

paragraph: As Eyesinweasel:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1999 - Demos & Outtakes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2000 - Wrinkled Thoughts"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2001 - Live In The Middle East" (recorded live at the Middle East Club, Cambridge, Massachusetts on 10/28/00)

paragraph: As Airport 5:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2001 - Tower in the Fountain of Sparks"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2002 - Life Starts Here"

description: musician

wikidata_label: Tobin Sprout

wikipedia_title: Tobin Sprout


text: Massachusetts

text: Patriot

text: American Revolutionary War

text: Paul Revere

text: Concord

text: Concord, Massachusetts

text: Jonathan Prescott

text: Lancaster, Massachusetts

text: Mary Rowlandson

text: apprenticeship

text: patriot movement

text: Sons of Liberty

text: Committees of Correspondence

text: John Hancock

text: Paul Revere

text: William Dawes

text: Joseph Warren

text: Samuel Adams

text: Abel Prescott, Jr.

text: Sudbury

text: Framingham

text: minutemen

text: militia

text: Battle of Concord

text: Continental Army

text: privateer

text: Halifax, Nova Scotia

text: Fort Ticonderoga

text: Benedict Arnold

text: Sir Guy Carleton

text: Lake Champlain

text: Patriots' Day

text: Liberty's Kids

categories: 1751 births,1777 deaths,People of Massachusetts in the American Revolution,People from Concord, Massachusetts,American Revolutionary War deaths,American surgeons

paragraph: Samuel Prescott

paragraph: Samuel Prescott (August 19, 1751 – c. 1777) was a Massachusetts Patriot during the American Revolutionary War. He is best remembered for his role in Paul Revere's "midnight ride" to warn the townspeople of Concord of the impending British army move to capture guns and gunpowder kept there at the beginning of the American Revolution. He was the only participant in the ride to reach Concord.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Dr. Samuel Prescott was born August 19, 1751. He lived in colonial Concord, Massachusetts, among his large extended family. (His uncle was Jonathan Prescott.) Much of this history was probably passed on to the family by his grand uncle Samuel Prescott, who knew many of the early Prescotts, and was even old enough to remember the first ancestor of the Concord branch of the family, John Prescott, founder of Lancaster, Massachusetts. Indeed, the Prescotts and their extended family played an important and often heroic role in colonial history. These include settling Concord, fighting in colonial wars, and negotiating for the ransom of Mary Rowlandson.

paragraph: Prescott followed in the footsteps of his older brother Benjamin and apprenticed under his father, Abel Prescott, for about seven years. He appears to have kept an extremely low profile during pre-revolutionary times as well as afterward, as best can be attained. He did open a practice in Concord, just before or after which time he began to court Lydia Mulliken, daughter of a well-respected Lexington clockmaker who had died in 1767.

paragraph: During the latter part of his apprenticeship or shortly after he began his medical practice, he became an active member in the patriot movement. There is strong circumstantial evidence that he was an express courier for the Sons of Liberty and the Committees of Correspondence, and that he was an important liaison between the Concord Defense Committee and John Hancock and other leaders of the patriots.

paragraph: Section::::The Ride.

paragraph: On the evening of April 18, 1775, Paul Revere and William Dawes were dispatched by Joseph Warren to warn the countryside that the British were coming. Prescott was in Lexington at the time to visit with his fiancée, Lydia Mulliken. He was also there to report on Concord's readiness, its status in hiding supplies and munitions from the British, and its success in moving cannon to Groton lest it fall into British hands. The British wanted the military stores at Concord and had hoped to capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock in the process.

paragraph: When Prescott left Lexington, it was about 1 a.m. the next morning, April 19. On his way back to Concord he met Paul Revere and William Dawes, who had just left Lexington shortly before him and were also on their way to Concord—to warn the town that the Redcoats were on the march.

paragraph: When the three continued on to Hartwell's tavern in the lower bounds of Lincoln, they were cut off by four British horseman who were part of a larger scouting party sent out the preceding evening. Revere was captured but both Prescott and Dawes succeeded in making a run for it. Prescott did so with a show of artful horsemanship and knowledge of the forest. Finally losing his pursuers, he circled about and headed quickly to Concord, carrying Revere's warning to his townsmen.

paragraph: Dawes also escaped from his pursuers, but it was after a close chase, a frantic ruse on his part, and a bit of luck. Once he was safe, he considered circling around the patrol and racing on to Concord much as Prescott had, but he heard the Concord town house bell and knew Prescott had made it there, and so he continued on his special mission, for he was only assigned to accompany Revere to Concord. Prescott, meanwhile, continued west to warn Acton, Massachusetts while his brother Abel Prescott, Jr. rode south to warn Sudbury and Framingham. By this time, countless riders were also dispatched from other towns to spread the warning—while bells and cannon were rung or fired to punctuate the danger at hand.

paragraph: Because of the "midnight" rides of Revere, Dawes, Prescott, and many other expresses (couriers), minutemen and militia everywhere were on the ready, many marching to Concord to effectively engage the British Army at the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Prescott was there to witness the Battle of Concord, then tried to beat the British back to Lexington to see Lydia Mulliken and her family and to help with the wounded. He remained at Lexington as a volunteer surgeon for about two weeks, then seems to have disappeared into the war.

paragraph: Section::::Prescott's life following "The Ride".

paragraph: There is evidence that Prescott went on to serve as a surgeon in the Continental Army, a tradition that he joined the crew of a New England privateer, and a report that he was in prison in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where he may have died between November 23, 1776 and December 26 (1777?). There is also circumstantial evidence that he served in some medical support capacity out of Fort Ticonderoga during the invasion attempts against Canada and until about the time of Benedict Arnold's failed attempts against Sir Guy Carleton on Lake Champlain.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Prescott's ride is re-enacted every Patriots' Day eve (observed) in the Town of Acton. The re-enactment begins in East Acton, continues through Acton Center, and ends at Liberty Tree Farm, where once was the home of a minuteman named Simon Hunt. The distance is approximately five miles (8 km).

paragraph: There are also re-enactments on Patriots' Day (usually the third Monday of April) of the rides of William Dawes and Paul Revere, to commemorate the famous "midnight" ride that began in the evening hours of April 18 and continued on April 19.

paragraph: Prescott's ride is re-enacted every year at midnight April 18–19 at Concord's First Parish Church. The re-enactment is preceded by a Patriots' Ball. The Minute Men march with fife and drum leading the attendees from the armory to the church. The Captain of the Concord Minute Men reads a message handed him by "Prescott" on horseback.

paragraph: A memorial plaque to Prescott is at his former home in Concord, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Liberty's Kids"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Man Who Finished The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere and William Dawes

description: American surgeon

wikidata_label: Samuel Prescott

wikipedia_title: Samuel Prescott


text:
Italian
Mannerist
painter
architect
sculptor
France
Bologna
Giulio Romano
Mantua
Innocenzo da Imola
Palazzo Te
Francis I of France
Rosso Fiorentino
Chateau Fontainebleau
School of Fontainebleau
Nicolò dell'Abate
cartoon
tapestry
masque
Roman sculpture
parterre
Henry II
Francis II
Valois Chapel
Abbey of Saint-Denis
Entry in 'Art-cyclopedia'
Château de Fontainebleau
"The engravings of Giorgio Ghisi"

categories: Italian architects,Italian male painters,16th-century Italian painters,1570 deaths,1504 births,Artists from Bologna

paragraph: Francesco Primaticcio

paragraph: Francesco Primaticcio (April 30, 1504 – 1570) was an Italian Mannerist painter, architect and sculptor who spent most of his career in France.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Bologna, he trained under Giulio Romano in Mantua and became a pupil of Innocenzo da Imola, executing decorations at the Palazzo Te before securing a position in the court of Francis I of France in 1532.

paragraph: Together with Rosso Fiorentino he was one of the leading artists to work at the Chateau Fontainebleau (where he is grouped with the so-called "First School of Fontainebleau") spending much of his life there. Following Rosso's death in 1540, Primaticcio took control of the artistic direction at Fontainebleau, furnishing the painters and stuccators of his team, such as Nicolò dell'Abate, with designs. He made cartoons for tapestry-weavers and, like all 16th-century court artists, was called upon to design elaborate ephemeral decorations for masques and fêtes, which survive only in preparatory drawings and, sometimes, engravings. Francis I trusted his eye and sent him back to Italy on buying trips in 1540 and again in 1545.

paragraph: In Rome, part of Primaticcio's commission was to take casts of the best Roman sculptures in the papal collections, some of which were cast in bronze to decorate the parterres at Fontainebleau.

paragraph: Primaticcio retained his position as court painter to Francis' heirs, Henry II and Francis II. His masterpiece, the "Salle d'Hercule" at Fontainebleau, occupied him and his team from the 1530s to 1559.

paragraph: Primaticcio's crowded Mannerist compositions and his long-legged canon of beauty influenced French art for the rest of the century.

paragraph: Primaticcio turned to architecture towards the end of his life, his greatest work being the Valois Chapel at the Abbey of Saint-Denis, although this was not completed until after his death and was destroyed in 1719.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: "The Oxford Dictionary of Art",

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry in 'Art-cyclopedia'

paragraph: BULLET::::- Château de Fontainebleau  (in English)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The engravings of Giorgio Ghisi", a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Francesco Primaticcio (see index)

alias:
Francesco Primatticio
Bologna Primaticcio
Francesco Primadizzi
Francesco Primaticci
Francesco Prematiccio
Francesco Primatticcio
Francesco Primaticio
Primatice
Francesco Primiticcio
Francesco Primatico
Francesco Primatticco
Le Primatice
Bologna Primadizzi
Francesco Bologna
Francesco da Bologna
il Primaticcio
Le Primatisse
Primatici
François Primatice
Primatticcio
Francisco Primaticcio Bollognese
Francisco Primaticcio
Primatticio
Abbate Primadizzi
Primatrice
Primatis
Prematiccio
Primiticcio
Primatitio
Primadizzi
Prematice
Abbate Primadezzi
Prematicio
Primaticci
Primaticcio
Primatticco
f. primaticcio
Primaticce
Prematecheo
disciple de Raphaël Bologna
Primatico
Primoticcio
Pimaticcio
Primaticio
F. Primatice
Prematizzo
Franç. Primaticio da Bologna
Primatisse
dit Bologna François Primatice
Francisco Primatitio
Primatise

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Francesco Primaticcio

wikipedia_title: Francesco Primaticcio


text: major general

text: United States Army

text: Artillery

text: Coast Artillery Corps

text: Bowling Green, Missouri

text: United States Military Academy

text: 1st Artillery Regiment

text: Florida

text: South Carolina

text: Rhode Island

text: Pennsylvania

text: Great Railroad Strike of 1877

text: Judge Advocate

text: Department of the Missouri

text: Department of Dakota

text: Fort Wadsworth

text: New York

text: Yale University

text: Spanish–American War

text: First Army Corps

text: Cuba

text: lieutenant colonel

text: Philippines

text: Philippine Insurrection

text: Fort Totten

text: New York

text: Fort Monroe

text: brigadier general

text: Artillery

text: Coast Artillery Corps

text: Field Artillery

text: major general

text: American Red Cross

text: World War I

text: Distinguished Service Medal

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Arlington National Cemetery

text: René Edward De Russy

text: Maxwell Murray

text: Henry Conger Pratt

text: major

text: Distinguished Service Medal

text: Spanish War Service Medal

text: Army of Cuban Occupation Medal

text: Philippine Campaign Medal

text: World War I Victory Medal

categories: United States Army generals,United States Army Coast Artillery Corps,American military personnel of the Philippine–American War,United States Military Academy alumni,American military personnel of World War I,Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States),1851 births,American military personnel of the Spanish–American War,Burials at Arlington National Cemetery,1925 deaths

paragraph: Arthur Murray (general)

paragraph: Arthur Murray (April 29, 1851 – May 12, 1925) was a major general in the United States Army. He was notable for his service as Chief of Artillery, Chief of the Coast Artillery Corps and commander of the Army's Western Department.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and start of career.

paragraph: Murray was born in Bowling Green, Missouri on April 29, 1851. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1874, and was ranked second in his class. He served initially with the 1st Artillery Regiment in Florida, South Carolina, and Rhode Island, and served in Pennsylvania in the effort to end what became known as the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. In 1880 he graduated first in his class at the Field Artillery School.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: He served at West Point as an instructor in natural and experimental philosophy, and in 1887 was assigned to the Judge Advocate's office for the Department of the Missouri. He later served in the Judge Advocate's office for the Department of Dakota. Murray studied law in his Judge Advocate postings and was admitted to the bar.

paragraph: From 1891 to 1896 Murray commanded Battery L, 1st Artillery at Fort Wadsworth, New York. He then served at Yale University as a professor of military science.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.:Spanish–American War.

paragraph: During the Spanish–American War Murray again served with the 1st Artillery, this time as commander of Battery A. He subsequently served as judge advocate for First Army Corps. After the war he held several positions in Cuba as part of the Army's occupation government.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.:Philippine Insurrection.

paragraph: Murray was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1899 and assigned to command the 43rd Infantry Regiment, which he led in the Philippines during the Philippine Insurrection.

paragraph: Section::::Later career.:School of Submarine Defense.

paragraph: From 1901 to 1906 Murray commanded the Army's School of Submarine Defense at Fort Totten, New York, which devised and implemented methods of defending harbors from attack by enemy ships, including the employment of underwater mines and torpedoes. During Murray's tenure the school was relocated to Fort Monroe, which was also the home of the Artillery School.

paragraph: Section::::Career as general officer.

paragraph: In 1906 Murray was promoted to brigadier general and assigned as Chief of Artillery.

paragraph: In 1908 the Artillery Corps was divided into the Coast Artillery Corps the Field Artillery, and tasked to use long range land-mounted cannons in defense of U.S. harbors. Murray was named the first Chief of Coast Artillery, and he served until 1911.

paragraph: Murray received promotion to major general in 1911, and commanded the Army's Western Department until retiring in 1915. He served as vice chairman of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross from his retirement until his return to uniform for World War I.

paragraph: Section::::World War I.

paragraph: Murray requested recall to active duty for World War I. He returned to service as a major general in 1917, and again commanded the Western Department. He retired again in December 1918, and received the Army Distinguished Service Medal in recognition of his contributions to the war effort.

paragraph: Section::::Post-military career.

paragraph: In December 1918 Murray was appointed clerk of the U.S. House Committee on Military Affairs.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: Murray died in Washington, D.C. on May 12, 1925. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Section 3, Site 1844B.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1880 Murray married Sara Wetmore De Russy, the daughter of Brigadier General René Edward De Russy. Their son Maxwell Murray was a career Army officer who attained the rank of major general.

paragraph: Sadie Murray, the daughter of Arthur and Sara Murray, was the wife of Major General Henry Conger Pratt.

paragraph: Their daughter Carolyn was married to Ord Preston, a prominent Washington, D.C. businessman who served as president of the Washington Gas Light Company and the Union Trust Company, and was a major in the Army during World War I.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Distinguished Service Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spanish War Service Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Army of Cuban Occupation Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippine Campaign Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- World War I Victory Medal

wikidata_label: Arthur Murray

wikipedia_title: Arthur Murray (general)


text:
Atrecht
Wijk bij Duurstede
bishop
Utrecht
Philip the Good
Duke of Burgundy
bishop of Utrecht
bishop of Thérouanne
Balderic
Willibrord
Thérouanne
Cods
Utrecht
chapters
Hook
Gijsbrecht van Brederode
Nedersticht
Oversticht
Deventer
besieged for five weeks
Wijk bij Duurstede
Gijsbrecht van Brederode
Reinoud
First Utrecht Civil War
schout
Charles the Bold
Hook
new civil war
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Battle of Westbroek
Siege of Utrecht
Dom Church
Duurstede Castle
Museum Catharijneconvent
Cope
civil war of 1481-1483
Habsburgs
Holland
Guelders
Wijk bij Duurstede

categories: 1496 deaths,Bishops of Thérouanne,Philip the Good (Duke of Burgundy),Prince-Bishops of Utrecht,1427 births,House of Valois-Burgundy

paragraph: David of Burgundy

paragraph: David of Burgundy (ca. 1427 in Atrecht – 1496 in Wijk bij Duurstede) was a bishop of Utrecht.

paragraph: The illegitimate son of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, David was made bishop of Utrecht by his father from 1456 to 1496 in an attempt to enforce more centralised Burgundian control over the Netherlands. He also served as bishop of Thérouanne from 1451 to 1456. He is the third longest-reigning bishop of Utrecht after Balderic and Willibrord.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: David of Burgundy was bishop of Thérouanne (Terwaan) from 1451. Thanks to a joint effort between the Cods and Burgundy, he was appointed as bishop of Utrecht by the pope. The Utrecht chapters, however, had elected the Hook-favoured provost Gijsbrecht van Brederode as bishop. But Philip the Good forced the Nedersticht to accept David's appointment on 3 August 1456 at the treaty of IJselstein. The Oversticht had to be forcefully convinced as well. Deventer was besieged for five weeks before it surrendered.br

paragraph: The opposition against him remained and therefore David left Utrecht in 1459 to settle in the newly acquired Wijk bij Duurstede, where he resided for the rest of his life. Thanks to Burgundian support and clever politics, his authority rose. Another effective measure was the creation of the "Schive", a central court of appeal that was above city law.

paragraph: A breakthrough meant the capture of Gijsbrecht van Brederode and his brother Reinoud in 1470. This led to the First Utrecht Civil War (1470-1474), won by David.

paragraph: Because of the Burgundian power of that time, David of Burgundy was one of the most powerful bishops in Europe. He appointed the schout, wrested criminal jurisdiction from the council, controlled the tolls and lessened the influence of the city on the farmlands.br

paragraph: The death of his half-brother Charles the Bold in 1477 changed everything. David's politics led to a revolt of supporters of the Hook party in 1481. A new civil war erupted and David was captured. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor had to intervene to free the bishop. David then reconquered Utrecht in the Battle of Westbroek, only to be driven out again in 1483. After the successful Siege of Utrecht, the revolt came to an end in 1483.br

paragraph: David of Burgundy was an art lover; he attracted artists to his court and gave a powerful impulse to the construction of the Dom Church in Utrecht. He modernised his residence, the Duurstede Castle at Wijk bij Duurstede, and he is also responsible for the large church there. The Museum Catharijneconvent holds a beautiful "Cope of David of Burgundy".

paragraph: David's last years were focussed on restoring the financial situation that had been ruined by the civil war of 1481-1483, and balancing the influence of the Habsburgs, who had by then come to possess Holland, and Guelders.

paragraph: David died in 1496 and was buried in the church of Wijk bij Duurstede.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/molh003nieu10_01/molh003nieu10_01_0169.htm (Dutch)

description: Dutch bishop

wikidata_label: David of Burgundy

wikipedia_title: David of Burgundy


text: Yeongju

text: Gyeongsangbuk-do

text: South Korea

text: installation art

text: MoMA

text: Hongik University

text: installation pieces

text: New Museum of Contemporary Art

text: The Power Plant

text: Hugo Boss Prize

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney

text: Hara Museum

text: Mori Art Museum

text: Hugo Boss Prize

text: Lee Bul studio

text: PKM Gallery

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Le Consortium

text: Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney

text: Fondation Cartier, Paris

text: Mori Art Museum, Tokyo

text: Lehmann Maupin Gallery

categories: Hongik University alumni,1964 births,21st-century sculptors,South Korean contemporary artists,20th-century sculptors,South Korean women artists,20th-century women artists,Installation artists,20th-century South Korean artists,21st-century women artists,Living people

paragraph: Lee Bul

paragraph: Lee Bul (, born in Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea in 1964) is a contemporary sculpture and installation artist who appeared on the art scene in the late 1980s. Her work questions patriarchal authority and the marginalization of women by revealing ideologies that permeate our cultural and political spheres.

paragraph: These themes take form in cold, mechanical sculptures and installations that reflect the ideals of a futuristic society. She has focused on shaping oppression of women, commercialization of sex, etc. that are intensified in a male-dominated society through various performances and objects. Since her introduction to the world of art, she has caught the eyes of the world of art all around the world with various ambitious artworks. She has been described as the most famous artist in South Korea.

paragraph: Lee Bul presented an innovative performance using her own body and a three-dimensional textile artwork. Also, in an invitational exhibition of MoMA (The Museum of Modern Art) in the United States, she brought even the sense of rotten smell in process of time to the exhibition by using raw fish.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bul was born January 25, 1964 in Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. She studied sculpture at Hongik University in Seoul, graduating in 1987.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Most of Bul's artworks are installation pieces that involve the audience being placed into the work.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:"I Need You (Monument)".

paragraph: From 1996 and 1999, Lee completed three mixed media installations that incorporate photographs of the artist with large scale inflatable forms. One of these installations, entitled "I Need You (Monument)" (1996), features a swelling, phallic object with a photograph of an orientalized and lingerie-clad Lee on the front. Beneath the mass lies an array of pedals for viewers to further aerate the object. Notable is Lee's juxtaposition of title and medium, which contrasts the vulnerability of inflatables with hegemonic ideas of what a monument is made of. Furthermore, her use of pedals draws attention to society's contribution to traditional ideals.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Cyborg sculptures.

paragraph: Lee's series of cyborg sculptures created in 1997-2011 became well-known. The series started with "Cyborg Red" and "Cyborg Blue" in 1997–98. These works, as well as those that appear later in the series, feature decapitated anthropomorphic forms that are often missing an arm, leg, or both. Although the bodies read as female due to their hourglass shape, the idea of a cyborg transcends distinctions such as gender, race, and class. The cords attached to the figures appear to signify recovery and rebuilding. Rather than damage done intentionally to the piece such as Egyptian Sphinx, these sculptures convey the message that figures can be created the way they would like to be regardless of gender or background. The artist has stated that the cyborg is a trope for "our fear and fascination with the uncategorizable, the uncanny."

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Themes.

paragraph: Lee's work appears to refer to some of the brutality of the Korean government up through 1987, with reference to torture.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Exhibitions.

paragraph: Lee Bul has had solo exhibitions worldwide including "Live Forever" which toured the New Museum of Contemporary Art in New York and The Power Plant in Toronto. She was selected as a finalist for the 1998 Hugo Boss Prize by the Guggenheim Museum, New York.

paragraph: Other museums that have presented exhibitions of her work include Fondation Cartier, Paris; Domus Artium, Salamanca; Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney; Japan Foundation, Tokyo; MAC, Musée d'Art Contemporain, Marseille; Le Consortium; Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia; Kunsthalle Bern, Switzerland; and the Museum of Modern Art, New York.

paragraph: In March 2010, the Hara Museum ARC unveiled a permanent installation by Lee Bul entitled "A Fragmentary Anatomy of Every Setting Sun". In February 2012, Tokyo's Mori Art Museum mounted a mid-career survey exhibition, the artist's largest exhibition to date.

paragraph: The Southbank Centres newly reopened Hayward Gallery hosted a survey of Lee's artists work beginning at the end of May 2018, her first in London; which explores the artist’s extensive investigation into the body and its relationship to architectural space. Occupying the entire gallery, this exhibition includes documentation of early performances, sculptural works from the iconic Monster, Cyborg and Anagram series and recent immersive installations, as well as a selection of the artist’s studio drawings.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugo Boss Prize (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 48th Venice Biennale Art Exhibition (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 13th Korea Seok ju Art Prize (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The 10th Korea Gwangju Biennale the Noon Award (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- French Order of Arts (2016)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lee Bul studio

paragraph: BULLET::::- PKM Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Modern Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Le Consortium

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fondation Cartier, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mori Art Museum, Tokyo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lehmann Maupin Gallery

description: artist

wikidata_label: Lee Bul

wikipedia_title: Lee Bul


text:
Sindh
Subahdar
Mughal Emperor
Mughal
Nawab
Sindh
Mughal Emperor
Muhammad Shah
invasion of the Mughal Empire
Nader Shah
Umerkot
Mughal Emperor
Battle of Karnal
Daudpota
Mullah Jiyand Abra
Bakhar Sarkar
Shikarpur
jagir
Syeds
Multan
Imam ud-Din Joyah
Farid Khan Lakhwirah
Bahawalpur
Afghans
Baluchistan
Multan
Siwi
Kaisar Khan Magsi
Ganjabah
Shoran
Guhram Lashari
Ali Mardan Abro
Noushehro
Miru Buledi
Kachhi
Mahyan Eri
Lahna Machhi
Bhag Nari
Kala Khan
Baloch
Kartah
Mubarak Khan
Larkana
Mir Abdullah Khan
Jandehar
Nadir Shah
Mughal Empire
Sirai
Sehwan
Thatta
Muhammad Shah
Sheikh Ghulam Muhammad
Larkana
Muhammad Muradyab Khan
Thatta
Rana Ajmal
Dharajah
Jam of Kakralah
Khat
Nasarpur
Sirai
Umarkot
Muhammad Muradyab Khan
Thatta
Umarkot
Talhar
Larkana
Shorah
Manani Aresar
Chakar Halah
Hund
Tamachi
Toghachi
Tharu
Silah
Kahah
Asu Sumrah
Wangah
Chachikan
Shaykh Shukrullah
Hothí
Kanji
Jám Máhar Samma
Kanjí
Sufi
hill people
Karachi
public domain

categories: Pakistani royalty,Kalhora Dynasty,Mughal Empire,1698 births,Sindhi people

paragraph: Noor Mohammad Kalhoro

paragraph: Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro (1698-1755) () ruled over Sindh as Subahdar of Mughal Emperor from 1719 till 1736 when he consolidated his power over entire Sindh, subjugating Bakhar Sarkar (Northern Sindh), Sehwan Sarkar (Central Sindh), and Thatta Sarkar (Southern Sindh) under his control and thus establishing a sovereign state, independent of Mughal suzerainty.

paragraph: In the year 1736, Kalhoro was officially entitled as the "Kalhora Nawab of Sindh" and was given the title "Nawab Khuda-Yar Khan" by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. In 1739, during the invasion of the Mughal Empire by Nader Shah, Mian fled to Umerkot for shelter but was captured by the King of Iran. Mian Noor Mohammad Kalhoro sent a small force to assassinate Nader Shah and turn events in favor of the Mughal Emperor during the notorious Battle of Karnal in 1739, but this plot failed.

paragraph: Section::::Early history.

paragraph: In the 4th year of his rule, i.e. 1722, the Daudpotas took certain "aggressive measures". They fought with Mullah Jiyand Abra, who was Miyan Nur Muhammad's agent in charge of certain villages in Jatoi Parguna of Bakhar Sarkar(Northern Sindh). They further trespassed on the parganahs of Shikarpur, Khanpur and other villages, that formed the jagir of Mir Abdul-Wasia Khan and would not give any explanation to the said Khan. Miyan Nur Muhammad therefore, sent Thariah, one of his confidential men, to the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah requesting that under the circumstances the jagir might be conferred on him in his own name, and at the same time marched against the Daudpotas. After some hard fought battles he besieged them in the fort of Shikarpur and compelled them to submit. At last a treaty was agreed upon in which that country was divided into four parts (or shares), two shares being given to the original owner of the jagir, one to the Daudpotas and one being retained by the Miyan Nur Muhammad himself, who after taking some hostages, returned to his capital.

paragraph: The Daudpotas did not long remain quiet. Again and again they rose against the Kalhoras, till in 1726 Miyan Nur Muhammad fixed his residence at Shikarpur and sent his army to extirpate them finally. The army pressed them hard in the Dabli Fort, but through the intercession of some Syeds they abandoned the expedition.

paragraph: The result of all this was that the land of Nahars, that had lately fallen into the hands of the Daudpotas, came back into the owner's possession, and the Daudpotas were scattered in confusion over certain parganahs of Multan, e. g. Pahli, the territory of Imam ud-Din Joyah and Farid Khan Lakhwirah, Nain, Bahawalpur, the territory of Hanas Sammah, Patan of Baba Farid and the country near the settlements of the Afghans possibly northern Baluchistan. Within two years, however, they were reduced to straitened circumstances and were obliged to seek service under Miyan Nur Muhammad, who gave them suitable pensions and places in the talukah of Bakhar, which had only recently come into the hands of the Sirais.

paragraph: Similarly Sheikh Hamid and Sheikh Usman the Ronkahs, noteworthy zamindars of the suburbs of Multan, emigrated to Bakhar and entered the service of the Miyan Nur Muhammad.

paragraph: Section::::Conquest of Siwi(Sibi).

paragraph: In the year 1729, Murad Kaleri Baloch, known as "Ganjah Baloch", was appointed as an agent in charge of Siwi, and brought into subjection powerful chiefs like Kaisar Khan Magsi, the zamindar of Ganjabah,the chief of Shoran, descendants of Guhram Lashari, Ali Mardan Abro chief of Noushehro, the chief of Siwi, Miru Buledi, the chief of Kachhi, Mahyan Eri and Lahna Machhi, big land owners of Bhag Nari, Kala Khan and other chiefs.

paragraph: Section::::Conquest of Siwi(Sibi).:Hostilities with Khan of Kalat Mir Abdullah Khan Baloch.

paragraph: Miyan Nur Muhammad now commenced hostilities with the Khan of Kalat, Mir Abdullah Khan Ahmadzai who was a Baloch and who proudly called himself "the royal Eagle of Kohistán". In 1143 AH (1730 AD) he marched and took the fort of Kartah from Mubarak Khan

paragraph: In 1731, a force of Baloch invaded the land of Kachhah. To punish them for this, Miyan Nur Muhammad himself marched out and encamped at Larkana. From there he dispatched some chiefs to fight with Mir Abdullah Khan. At Jandehar, where Mir Abdullah Khan had arrived in advance, a pitched battle was fought which ended in the complete overthrow of the Kalhoras.

paragraph: Section::::Conquest of Siwistan and Thatta.

paragraph: News arrived of Nadir Shah’s impending invasion of Mughal Empire, and Miyan Nur Muhammad began to send envoys to him to prepare the way for their friendship. In 1736 the division of Bakhar was completely secured by the Sirais, Siwistan or Sehwan having already been brought into their possession. Next year 1737 Thatta was obtained from the Emperor Muhammad Shah, and Sheikh Ghulam Muhammad was deputed to have charge of it.

paragraph: Section::::Nadir Shah's Invasion of Sindh.

paragraph: Miyan Nur Muhammad being apprehensive of Nadir Shah's approach, went to Larkana in order to keep a firm possession of that division, and sent his son Muhammad Muradyab Khan to Thatta, where he arrived during the year 1738. Rana Ajmal, the ruler of Dharajah and the Jam of Kakralah rose to oppose him. They brought down ships from the sea to the river and commenced war both by land and by water. The ships came as far as Khat and from there up to Nasarpur. They commenced fighting and plundering on both the sides of the river. But as the guns were soon placed along the banks and fired by the Sirais, the enemy were driven back and pursued till they were compelled to submit. Soon after this, Nadir Shah's approach spread confusion throughout the country. Nadir Shah's invasion lead Miyan Nur Muhammad to take refuge at Umarkot to prepare for a siege. In 1739, Muhammad Muradyab Khan left Thatta and joined his father, who fled to Umarkot for shelter, having sent away his heavy baggage to Talhar. Early one morning, before Miyan Nur Muhammad left the fort, as he had determined to do, all of a sudden, Nadir Shah appeared at the gate. Miyan Nur Muhammad had no alternative but to surrender, having tied his own hands like an offender. The king carried him with his camp and came to Larkana.

paragraph: Section::::Sindh Post-Persian Invasion.

paragraph: In 1741, the tribe of Shorah, during the period of anarchy consequent on Nadir Shah's arrival, had shaken off the Miyan Nur Muhammad's yoke, began to assemble at Kand, Manani Aresar and Khir in the talukah of Chakar Halah, under the command of Hund son of Shorah chief, and to display great audacity. Miyan Nur Muhammad marched against them and without much trouble completely extirpated them. He next punished Tamachi, Toghachi, Tharu, Silah, Kahah and Asu Sumrah, the chiefs of parganah Wangah in the tálukah of Chachikan, as they would not pay the fixed tribute.

paragraph: In 1155 AH (1742 AD) Muzaffar Alí Khán Bayát, Beglarbegí, who had gone to bring some ships that had been ordered by Nadír Sháh to be built for him at the port of Súrat, came to Tattá from Karáchi port, Nawab Sháh Kulí Khán (Mián Núr Muhammad) came to receive him at Tattá, where they spent about two months and a half together, after which period Muzaffar Alí took his departure.

paragraph: In 1156 AH, Tahmásb Kulí Khán, the chief of Jaláir

paragraph: Fresh anarchy in Sind in consequence of Tahmásb Kulí Khán's coming.

paragraph: had been sent by Nádir Sháh to punish the Dáúdpótáhs. Mián Núr Muhammad thought it expedient to remain quiet and not take any part in the affair. Consequently, anarchy broke out anew in Sind, during which Sultán Sámtiah, the administrator of Tattá and Shekh Shukrulláh were called away by the Mián and the charge of the place given to Razábeg the king's envoy and another noble by name Fázilbeg. These two thought it proper to conclude a treaty of peace with the Ráná of Dhárájah and Sájan Ramah, the Hindú chiefs of neighbouring states. But when subsequently the Mián received Tahmásb Kulí Khán, who departed with the Mián's third son Atur Khán as a hostage, Sultán Sámtiah and Shekh Shukrulláh were again sent to take up the administration of Tattá.

paragraph: In 1157 AH (1744 AD) Shaykh Shukrullah a Sindhi war-chief sent by Mian Noor Mohammad Kalhoro defeated Hothí the chief of the Kakralah a Hindu tribe which had built the fort of Kanji, the Hindus of that region had a long blood-feud with the Samma tribe (Muslim). Shaykh Shukrullah after a long conflict killed Hothi, and placed Jám Máhar Samma in his place. The next year the Mían Noor Mohammad Kalhoro himself proceeded to attack the fort of Kanjí, and took it. As the Hindus of Kuch had, after the conquest of Kánji, come to Badín and other neighboring places, the Mián determined to punish them. In 1158 AH Bahár Sháh and other Sindhi warriors and even Sufi Fakirs, had been deputed by Mían Noor Mohammad Kalhoro in order to maintain peacein the region but after another Hindu rebellion, the Hindus were completely overpowered and disarmed. Sultán Samtiah the commander martyred in the conflict, was buried on the Maklí Hills and his place given to his son Masú Fakír.

paragraph: Section::::Fighting with certain Hindu chiefs.:Fighting with the Rana of Dharajah.

paragraph: In 1160 AH (1747 AD) at the instigation of the Ráná of Dhárájah, some hundreds of Hindu hill tribes invaded the city of Thatta. Masú Fakír, Shekh Shukrulláh and Búlah Khán Naomardiah Jakhrah,* advanced to meet them. As the hill people had been sacrilegious enough to pass through graveyards without respect for the tombs or the spirits of the dead, they were completely routed on the third day, though on the other side there were comparatively few persons. Getting this news, the Mián's son Muhammad Khudádád Khán came to Thatta with a large army. Masú Fakír was removed from the charge of Tattá and Biláwal Fakír Náij was appointed in his place, who immediately marched against the Ráná's fort. The Ráná betook himself across the river and left the place to some of his men to defend. But they could not stand against such an overwhelming force. The fort fell into the hands of the Mian's son, who returned victorious to his father. Shortly after this Shekh Shukrulláh caused the Ráná to be killed by Bijár Jókhiah, who treacherously secured his presence to discuss terms of peace.

paragraph: In 1161 AH (1748 A D.) Ahmad Sháh Dúrání, who settled the boundaries of Nádir Sháh's share of the country with the Emperor of Dehlí, and secured it for himself,* confirmed Mián Núr Muhammad as the ruler of Sind, giving him the new title of “Sháhna wáz Khán.” In the next year, the Mián's sons Ghulám Sháh and Atur Khán, who had been taken away as hostages, returned from Persia. In 1163 AH. (1750, AD) Gul Muhammad Khurásání became the Miáns agent at Tattá. In the same year news was received of the Miáns third son Murádyáb Khán's arrival at Muscat and the death of Shekh Ghulám Muhammad, who had been in his company. Accordingly, Shukrulláh Khán was ordered to proceed immediately to bring the young nobleman home.

paragraph: In 1164 AH (1751 AD) ships left for the port of Muscat, but Shekh Shukrulláh died soon after. In due course of time Muhammad Murádyáb Khán arrived and was received with great affection by his father, who entrusted him with the entire management of the financial business of the state, and appointed Khudábád to be his headquarters. Sháhnawáz Khán, who used to be at Khudábád, came to reside at the new built town of Muhammadábád. Khudádád Khán, who during the absence of his elder brother, had put on the turban of an heir-apparent, had now to resign that honourable position to the rightful owner Murádváb Khán. Being much chagrined and mortified at this, he left his native land and went to Hindustán. But Muhammad Murádyáb Khán soon proved a failure as a financial manager and so that office was taken back from him.

paragraph: Section::::The Mian receives the title of Shahnawaz Khan and his sons return from Persia.:The king comes to Sind and Diwan Gidumal is sent as an envoy to him.

paragraph: In the beginning of 1166 AH (1753 AD) it was rumoured that Sardár Jahán Khán was coming to Sind. And about the close of the year a different rumour was circulated to the effect that the king himself was coming in order to pass on to Hindustán.* On the 4th of Muharram 1168 AH (1755 AD) information was received that the king had moved from Muhammadàbád to the sand-hills. Diwán Gidúmal was therefore sent in a hurry as an envoy to meet him at his camp and assure him of the Mián's loyalty and faithfulness, and if possible to induce him to turn back without marching further by the route. The Diwán met the king's camp at the bridge of Sakhar.* As the king was angry and out of humour, the Diwán could not get an audience for 3 days. At last the king encamped at Naoshahrah. Here Diwán Gidúmal was fortunate enough to secure the king's audience and to conciliate him.*

paragraph: Section::::Death of Mian Noor Muhammad and the election of his son Muradyab Khan.

paragraph: It was about this time, on the 12th of Saffar of the same year 1168 AH (1755 AD) that the ruler of Sind Mián Núr Muhammad died of quinsy or the inflammation of the throat in the vicinity of Jesalmer.

paragraph: The nobles of the state lost no time in electing the late ruler's eldest son Muhammad Murádyáb Khán to the throne. That young nobleman, fearing lest he might be again given away as a hostage, had left his father on the way and betaken himself in a different direction, from which he had to be brought to fill the vacant throne. This ceremony of enthronement took place on 16th, i.e. 4 days after the late Mián's death.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This article includes content derived from ""History of Sind – translated from Persian books"" by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg (1853–1929), published in Karachi in 1902 and now in the public domain.

wikidata_label: Noor Mohammad Kalhoro

wikipedia_title: Noor Mohammad Kalhoro


text:
Collectors Club of New York
Philatelic Foundation
Lichtenstein Medal
philately
Henry E. Steinway
St. Paul's School
Garden City, New York
Austria
New South Wales
Hamburg
German States
piano
butterflies
elephants
Henry Ziegler Steinway
Schuyler Chapin
Miles Chapin
Eric W. Cochrane
Lichtenstein Medal
Zeitschrift für Instrumentenbau

wikipedia_title: St. Paul's School (Garden City, New York)

categories: Piano makers,Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery,1957 deaths,American philatelists,Philatelic literature,People from New York City,Steinway & Sons,1883 births,American musical instrument makers

paragraph: Theodore E. Steinway

paragraph: Theodore Edwin Steinway (October 6, 1883 – April 8, 1957), of the famous Steinway piano family, was a member of the Collectors Club of New York and Board of Trustees of the Philatelic Foundation. He was awarded the first Lichtenstein Medal in 1952 for his efforts in the field of philately as well as his contributions to the growth and prestige of the Collectors Club.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Steinway was born on October 6, 1883 in New York City. He was the grandson of Henry E. Steinway, the founder of Steinway & Sons. His parents had several children, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William R. Steinway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore Edwin Steinway

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maude Paige Steinway

paragraph: Steinway attended the St. Paul's School in Garden City, New York.

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.

paragraph: Steinway supported the Collectors Club with funds for various projects, such as purchasing the philatelic library of Austrian Justice Viktor Suppantschitsch for the club. The development of this library resulted in the club having one of the most extensive philatelic libraries in the world.

paragraph: Steinway, along with other prominent American philatelists, helped found the Philatelic Foundation, which originally was located on the fourth floor of the Collectors Club of New York. He was named Chairman of the Expert Committee (1950–1952)..

paragraph: He was also the founder of the Association for Stamp Exhibitions and was responsible for organizing the first five philatelic international exhibits in the United States which were held in 1913, 1926, 1936, 1947 and 1956.

paragraph: Section::::Philanthropy.:Stamp collections.

paragraph: Steinway had various collections of stamps. The most significant ones were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- specialized study of the "Sydney Views" of New South Wales

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hamburg and old German States

paragraph: BULLET::::- stamps with "socked-on-the-nose" cancellations

paragraph: BULLET::::- stamps and covers relating to his family piano business

paragraph: Because of his interest in collecting stamps related to his business, and because he applied no rigid rules as to collecting stamps, Steinway is often regarded as one of the founders of thematic collecting, which today is a common method of collecting. Such collectors today collect stamps showing butterflies, elephants, Disney characters, famous art, and so on.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He married Ruth Gardner Davis, with whom he had:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore D. Steinway (1914–1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Ziegler Steinway (1915–2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick Steinway (1921-2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John H. Steinway (1917–1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Steinway (1925–1993), who married Schuyler Chapin (1923–2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Burden Chapin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore Steinway Chapin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Garrison Chapin, who married Caroline Shippen Davis in 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miles Chapin (b. 1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lydia Goodwin Steinway (1927–2016), who married Eric W. Cochrane (1928–1985)

paragraph: Because of his extensive interests and leadership within the field of philately, Theodore E. Steinway was awarded the first Lichtenstein Medal by the Collectors Club of New York in 1952. His son John carried on his work in the field of philately, and served on the Board of Trustees of The Philatelic Foundation after his death in 1957.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore E. Steinway (The Philatelic Foundation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore E. Steinway (The American Philatelic Society)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore E. Steinway (American Business Leaders – Harvard Business School)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Steinway & Sons Collection in "La Guardia and Wagner Archives"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinway & Sons – European and international headquarters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinway & Sons – American headquarters

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zeitschrift für Instrumentenbau, Vol. 48, 1928-28, p. 105 "Theodor E. Steinway, der neue Präsident des Hauses Steinway & Sons"

wikidata_label: Theodore E. Steinway

wikipedia_title: Theodore E. Steinway


text:
Bristol
electronica
dubstep
garage
house
Boards of Canada
Aphex Twin
LTJ Bukem
Global Communication
Brian Eno
Tides

categories: Musicians from Wiltshire,Future garage musicians,Musicians from Bristol,UK garage musicians,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Phaeleh

paragraph: Matthew "Matt" Preston (Phaeleh, pronounced Fella) is a multi-instrumentalist, producer and DJ, residing in Bristol, England. The name came from an aesthetic decision, to stand out visually rather than having a specific meaning.

paragraph: He produces music that could be loosely described as cinematic electronica, but his roots are in dubstep, garage and house. His main inspirations are Boards of Canada, Aphex Twin, LTJ Bukem, Global Communication and Brian Eno. His compositions are a fusion of live instrumentation and electronic production.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reflections EP" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inside EP" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From the Vaults EP" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All That Remains EP" (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lounge" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fire" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Afterglow" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Untitled 333"/"Tachi" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Low" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cheki" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Falling" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Storm" (2013)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Within the Emptiness" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fallen Light" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cold in You" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tides" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A World Without" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Somnus" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Illusion of the Tale (2016)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lost Time (2017)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clarity (2018)"

description: British multi-instrumentalist, producer and DJ

wikidata_label: Phaeleh

wikipedia_title: Phaeleh


text:
Minneapolis, Minnesota
American
ski jumper
1968 Winter Olympics

categories: American male ski jumpers,1944 births,Olympic ski jumpers of the United States,Ski jumpers at the 1968 Winter Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Jay Martin (ski jumper)

paragraph: Jay Warren Martin (born September 8, 1944 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American former ski jumper who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics.

description: Olympic ski jumper

wikidata_label: Jay Martin

wikipedia_title: Jay Martin (ski jumper)


text:
Montreal
Oberlin Conservatory of Music
The Social Registry
Merce Cunningham Dance Company
Concord Academy
Baryshnikov Arts Center
Glasslands
Death By Audio
Teengirl Fantasy
Laurel Halo
EMA
Light Asylum
Brooklyn Academy of Music
Art Basel
Miami, Florida
Deerhunter
Purity Ring
Pitchfork Media
Downtown Records
Delorean
MapleMusic Recordings
Downtown Records
Metacritic
Gang Gang Dance
Stereogum
KEXP
West Coast
Lawrence Rothman
Primavera Sound
Barcelona
Spain
NOS Primavera Sound
Porto
Portugal
EMA
Hundred Waters
Pitchfork Music Festival
Downtown Records
Maple Music Recordings

categories: Canadian electronic musicians,1983 births,Musicians from Montreal,Synthpop musicians

paragraph: Mas Ysa

paragraph: Mas Ysa is the stage name of Thomas Arsenault, an artist. A native of Montreal, Mas Ysa began writing electronic music in high school while living in São Paulo, Brazil and later attended the Oberlin Conservatory of Music where he studied Modern Composition. Mas Ysa is managed by Rich Zerbo, founder of the NYC-based record label The Social Registry.

paragraph: Section::::Background and history.

paragraph: In 2012, Arsenault began working with Merce Cunningham Dance Company alumnus Rashaun Mitchell on a score for his modern dance piece Interface. Mas Ysa performed the score with the Rashaun Mitchell Dance Company at the Concord Academy in July 2012 and at the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York in March 2013.

paragraph: His studio, which he was forced to vacate in the Spring of 2013, was closely associated Brooklyn's "Kent avenue music scene" as it was housed in the same building as 285 Kent, Glasslands and Death By Audio, and was used to make records by Teengirl Fantasy, Laurel Halo, EMA and Light Asylum.

paragraph: As a video artist, Arsenault's work has been featured at exhibitions at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. and at the 2012 Art Basel festival in Miami, Florida.

paragraph: Section::::2013 - 2014: Formation & Worth EP.

paragraph: Adopting the Mas Ysa name, Arsenault began playing show in Brooklyn in 2012 and, in April 2013, Mas Ysa toured the southern United States with Deerhunter. In May 2013, he supported Purity Ring as part of the Downtown Music Festival.

paragraph: On September 16, 2013, Pitchfork Media debuted the first publicly released Mas Ysa track "Why" and announced his signing to Downtown Records. On September 18, Pitchfork designated the song one of their "Best New Tracks". On December 18, Pitchfork Media debuted the self-directed video for "Why" and released the details of Mas Ysa's debut EP, "Worth".

paragraph: Mas Ysa remixed the track "Unhold" by Delorean in January 2014 and supported the band on their appearances in the North East.

paragraph: Mas Ysa's nine track debut EP "Worth" was released on February 4 by MapleMusic Recordings in Canada & Downtown Records in the rest of the world; it was met with positive reviews and holds a weighted score of 72 on Metacritic.

paragraph: Two tracks from the EP were remixed: a remix of "Years" by Dutch E. Germ of Gang Gang Dance premiered on Stereogum and a remix of the track "Why" by Chicago Juke producer Traxman was released.

paragraph: On February 6, 2014, Pitchfork Media posted the track "Shame" from the "Worth" EP and again gave it the designation of "Best New Track".

paragraph: Mas Ysa performed his first on-air radio broadcast on February 19, 2014 on KEXP while touring the West Coast with Lawrence Rothman.

paragraph: In May 2014, Mas Ysa played his first two shows in Europe making appearances at Primavera Sound in Barcelona, Spain and NOS Primavera Sound in Porto, Portugal. Pitchfork Media chronicled the NOS Primavera appearance in a Documentary which aired on their site.

paragraph: Following tours supporting the band EMA on the West Coast and Hundred Waters on the East Coast, Mas Ysa performed at the Pitchfork Music Festival on July 19, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Extended plays

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Worth" EP (Downtown Records / Maple Music Recordings) (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seraph" (Downtown Records) (2015)

description: electronic musician

wikidata_label: Mas Ysa

wikipedia_title: Mas Ysa


text:
Japanese American
fish
mammals
The National Geographic Magazine
Japan
technician
Weill Cornell Medicine
National Geographic
frog
spider
ant
honeybee
wasp
butterflies
trout
salmon
Japan-United States relations
attack on Pearl Harbor
Walter A. Weber
scientist
Cornell University

categories: American artists of Japanese descent,National Geographic Society,1954 deaths,Japanese emigrants to the United States,American people of Japanese descent,1879 births

paragraph: Hashime Murayama

paragraph: Hashime Murayama (1879–1954) was a Japanese American painter. He was best known for his exquisite paintings of birds, insects, fish, mammals, and other wildlife. Some of his work was featured in "The National Geographic Magazine" from 1921 to 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Hashime Murayama was born in Japan in 1879, and graduated in 1905 from the Kyoto Imperial Art Industry College. He came to the United States the following year. In 1910 his teacher’s daughter, Nao Makino, joined him, and they were married in New York City; their sons Ken and Sutemi were born in 1911 and 1919. Though he was employed as a technician at Weill Cornell Medicine for a few years, preparing slides, doing microscope drawings, and making models for anatomical study, he pursued a job as an artist. The National Geographic Society hired Murayama in 1921, and the 1926 Washington directory shows that “Hashime Murayama, artist” was the owner of a new house at 2436 37th Street, NW, in the brand-new neighborhood called Glover Park.

paragraph: As an artist at "National Geographic", he paid meticulous attention to his drawings, adding his distinct style to them and making them instantly popular. He painted fish, which were his personal favorite, frogs, spiders, ants, honeybees, wasps, and butterflies. To get sources from which to study, he kept bug specimens in a jar and visited aquariums to look at frogs, trout and salmon.

paragraph: After a career of over twenty years as an artist, Murayama was fired in September 1941 for being an immigrant (and because Japan-United States relations were about to be severed due to the attack on Pearl Harbor) and placed under arrest. He was replaced as staff artist by Walter A. Weber, who was the son of immigrants as well, but was kept because his artwork was considered superior to Murayama's. For the remainder of the war, Murayama was

paragraph: watched closely, but allowed to resume studies of cancer cells at Cornell due to his talent.

paragraph: Murayama continued to be the chief scientist in the study of cancer cells at Cornell University until his death in 1954. He was survived by his wife and two children. In 1966 his widow, Nao, became an American citizen.

wikidata_label: Hashime Murayama

wikipedia_title: Hashime Murayama


text: Moscow

text: Saint Petersburg

text: Slavophile

text: Alexander

text: Moscow University

text: Imperial Academy of Arts

text: Konstantin Aksakov

text: Pyotr Kireevsky

text: Nikolay Yazykov

text: Nikolai Gogol

text: Aleksey Khomyakov

text: Dutch Masters

text: Vladimir Zotov

text: January Uprising

text: Pan-Slavism

text: Mikhail Botkin

text: Fyodor Bronnikov

text: Mikhail Bakunin

text: Marxism

text: Tartu

categories: 1824 births,Slavophiles,Russian portrait painters,1883 deaths,19th-century Russian painters,Russian male painters,Artists from Moscow

paragraph: Emmanuil Dmitriev-Mamonov

paragraph: Emmanuil Aleksandrovich Dmitriev-Mamonov (Russian: Эммануил Александрович Дмитриев-Мамонов; 19 January 1824 in Moscow – 30 December 1883 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian portrait painter and graphic artist. He also worked as a book designer and caricaturist and was a respected art historian who supported the Slavophile movement.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His father, Alexander, was an army officer and battle painter who, in 1820, was one of the founders of the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts.

paragraph: In 1840, he entered the law faculty at Moscow University, alternating classes there with studies at the Imperial Academy of Arts. While there, he also became acquainted with the circle of slavophiles who met at the home of and created portrait sketches of them.

paragraph: In the 1850s, he became a full-time student at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture and, upon graduating, set himself up as a professional portrait painter and soon became very popular among the aristocracy. Among those he portrayed were Konstantin Aksakov, Pyotr Kireevsky, Nikolay Yazykov, Nikolai Gogol and Aleksey Khomyakov, who became a close friend. During these years, he also published his first works on art history, including a controversial essay that was critical of the Dutch Masters.

paragraph: In 1858, the Academy officially awarded him the title of "Portrait Artist". That same year, he was one of the forty-eight signatories to a letter of protest against anti-Semitic remarks made by Vladimir Zotov and in the magazine "" (Illustration).

paragraph: In 1860, he received a stipend from the Academy that allowed him to study abroad. He visited Paris and Dresden, then settled in Italy, but never lost contact with his friends in Russia. His first disagreement with his fellow Slavophiles came in 1863, when he took issue with their criticism of the January Uprising and called on the Tsar to give Poland its freedom. By the early 1870s, he had completely abandoned Pan-Slavism. In Rome, he also associated with a circle of Russian artists that included Mikhail Botkin and Fyodor Bronnikov and became acquainted with Mikhail Bakunin, who introduced him to Marxism.

paragraph: In 1874, he returned to Russia. After spending some time in Tartu, he settled in Saint Petersburg in 1879. He died, following a series of illnesses, in 1883.

description: painter

wikidata_label: Emmanuil Dmitriev-Mamonov

wikipedia_title: Emmanuil Dmitriev-Mamonov


text:
Nival
Eastern Europe
Alawar Entertainment
Nival
Digital Sky Technologies
Mail.ru
Allods Team
Allods Online
1C
Limassol
Cyprus
Sea Legends
Rage of Mages
Rage of Mages
Etherlords
Blitzkrieg
Silent Storm
Silent Storm
Blitzkrieg
Blitzkrieg
Blitzkrieg 2
Hammer & Sickle
Night Watch
Heroes of Might and Magic V
Blitzkrieg 2
Blitzkrieg 2
Allods Online
Prime World
Blitzkrieg 3

categories: 1972 births,Video game developers,Living people,Russian businesspeople

paragraph: Sergey Orlovskiy

paragraph: Sergey Orlovskiy (Russian: Сергей Орловский) is the founder and CEO of Nival, one of the oldest game development companies in Eastern Europe. He is widely recognized as one of the founding fathers of the Russian game industry. In addition to heading Nival, Orlovskiy is a member of the board of directors of Alawar Entertainment.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sergey Orlovskiy was born in Magadan, Russia, on September 15, 1972.

paragraph: Section::::Nival history.

paragraph: Nival was founded in 1996 as a PC game developer of stand-alone games. It started to self-publish games in 2005.

paragraph: In 2006, Orlovskiy created the Nival spin-off named Nival Online and raised US $20 million from Digital Sky Technologies (DST) to focus on online game development and publishing. In 2008, "Nival Online" was merged with "Astrum" and in 2009 sold to Mail.ru under the "Astrum Nival" name, to be integrated into the Mail.ru games division. This game development group inside Mail.ru is still referred to as the Allods Team after Allods Online.

paragraph: In 2010, Digital Sky Technologies and 1C invested US$5 million to acquire a minority stake in Nival.

paragraph: In 2013, Nival raised US$6 million in its Series A funding round led by Almaz Capital. The funds will be used for global expansion.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition.

paragraph: Orlovskiy typically gives a keynote at the Russian Games Developers Conference KRI. In his speech "Playing with God" in 2009, he predicted the start of cross-platform gaming as a frontier and a challenge for the game industry.

paragraph: In 2009, Orlovskiy was included in "Top 20 influential people in MMO of 2009" by MOG.

paragraph: In 2012, Orlovskiy was appointed by the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media to an Expert Council on the development of the IT industry in the Russian Federation.

paragraph: In 2015, Orlovskiy was called the most famous person in the Russian/CIS gaming industry.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: As of 2016 he was living in Limassol, Cyprus.

paragraph: Section::::Game credits.

paragraph: Sergey Orlovskiy is credited on the following games:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sea Legends" (1996) - Programmer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rage of Mages" (1998) - Executive Producer and Design

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rage of Mages II: Necromancer" (1999) - Executive Producer and Game Design

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2000) - Executive Producer and Game Design

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Etherlords" (2001) - Executive Producer, Conception and Game Design

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blitzkrieg" (2003) - Executive Producer and Game Design

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Silent Storm" (2003) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Silent Storm: Sentinels" (2004) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blitzkrieg: Rolling Thunder" (2004) - Executive Producer and Game Design

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blitzkrieg: Burning Horizon" (2004) - Executive Producer and Game Design

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blitzkrieg 2" (2005) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hammer & Sickle" (2005) - Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Night Watch" (2005) - Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heroes of Might and Magic V" (2006) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2006) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blitzkrieg 2: Fall of the Reich" (2006) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blitzkrieg 2: Liberation" (2007) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2007) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Entis Fantasy" (2007) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Allods Online" (2009) - General Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2011) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prime World" (2012) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prime World: Emaki" (2012) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prime World: Alchemy" (2012) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2013) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Etherlords" (2014) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "InMind" (2015) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Defenders 2" (in development) - Executive Producer

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blitzkrieg 3" - Executive Producer

description: Russian businessman

wikidata_label: Sergey Orlovskiy

wikipedia_title: Sergey Orlovskiy


text: Amport House

text: 13th Marquess of Winchester

text: Eton

text: 10th Light Dragoons

text: 35th Regiment of Foot

text: 8th Hussars

text: Lord Brudenell

text: Lord Bingham

text: 17th Lancers

text: North Hampshire Militia

text: Lord Rodney

text: Peter Hawker

text: Marquess of Winchester

text: deputy lieutenant

text: Duke of Wellington

text: Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire

text: St James', Westminster

text: Augustus

categories: People educated at Eton College,8th King's Royal Irish Hussars officers,1801 births,35th Regiment of Foot officers,1887 deaths,Lord-Lieutenants of Hampshire,British Militia officers,10th Royal Hussars officers,Deputy Lieutenants of Hampshire

paragraph: John Paulet, 14th Marquess of Winchester (3 June 1801 – 4 July 1887), styled Earl of Wiltshire until 1843, was a British peer and soldier.

paragraph: Born at Amport House in 1801 as the eldest son of the 13th Marquess of Winchester, he was educated at Eton. On 10 April 1817, he was commissioned a cornet in the 10th Light Dragoons, bought a lieutenancy on 16 November 1820, and a captaincy in the 35th Regiment of Foot on 12 June 1823. He exchanged into the 8th Hussars the same year. On 9 June 1826, he bought a majority in the regiment (Lord Brudenell, later Lord Cardigan, got his captaincy), and purchased an unattached lieutenant-colonelcy of infantry on 30 December 1826. On 14 April 1837, he exchanged from unattached half-pay to replace Lord Bingham (later Lord Lucan) as lieutenant-colonel of the 17th Lancers, and then retired from the Army the next day. On 29 June 1842, he was appointed colonel of the North Hampshire Militia after the death of Lord Rodney, much to the chagrin of the regimental lieutenant-colonel, Peter Hawker, who aspired to the post.

paragraph: Paulet succeeded his father as Marquess of Winchester in 1843. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Hampshire on 31 March 1847, and succeeded the Duke of Wellington as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire in 1852.

paragraph: On 29 November 1855, Winchester married Hon. Mary Montagu (1828–1868), daughter of Henry Robinson-Montagu, 6th Baron Rokeby, at St James', Westminster. He died on 4 July 1887 and was succeeded by his eldest son Augustus.

description: peer


text:
Constable of France
Guy, Count of Flanders
Isabelle of Luxembourg
Walter VI, Count of Brienne
Amiens
Governor of Languedoc
Treaty of Brétigny
Fiennes, Pas-de-Calais
Bertrand du Guesclin

categories: Constables of France,People of the Hundred Years' War,1308 births

paragraph: Robert de Fiennes

paragraph: Robert de Fiennes, named "Moreau" (1308–1385) was the 28th Constable of France.

paragraph: His father was Jean de Fiennes, Lord of Tingry and Chatelain of Bourbourg. His mother was Isabella of Flanders, daughter of Guy, Count of Flanders and Isabelle of Luxembourg.

paragraph: In 1356, he succeeded Walter VI, Count of Brienne as Constable of France. In 1358, he prevented the English of occupying Amiens. Between 1360 and 1361, he was Governor of Languedoc. After the Treaty of Brétigny, his castle at Fiennes, Pas-de-Calais came into the English sphere of influence. Robert de Fiennes refused to pledge allegiance to the English King, which led to a siege of his castle by 25.000 English soldiers. In 1370, he resigned as Constable because of his age, and he was succeeded by Bertrand du Guesclin.

paragraph: He married firstly to Béatrice Dame de Gavre, and then to Marguerite de Melun. He had no known children.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Michel Dousseau: "Dictionnaire des Connétables et Maréchaux de France". Société Généalogique de l'Yonne, Auxerre, 1996, , S. 19.

description: French military personnel

wikidata_label: Robert de Fiennes

wikipedia_title: Robert de Fiennes