text:
Book Pahlavi
Tabari
Dabuyid
ispahbadh
Tabaristan
Caliphate
Tang China
Abbasids
Daylam
Dadhburzmihr
Farrukhan the Great
ispahbadh
Dabuyid
Tabaristan
Muslim conquest of Persia
Sassanid Empire
Arab Caliphate
Farrukhan the Little
Ibn Isfandiyar
Caspian Sea
caravanserai
Umayyad Caliphate
Third Islamic Civil War
Marwan II
Tang
Abbasid Revolution
Abu Muslim
al-Mansur
Sunbadh
al-Mahdi
Abd al-Jabar ibn Abd al-Rahman
Daylam
Baghdad
Amul
Bavandids
Karinids
Zarmihrids
Fourth Islamic Civil War
al-Ma'mun
al-Mansur ibn al-Mahdi
Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi

categories: Suicides by poison,761 deaths,Suicides in Iran,8th-century Iranian people,Royalty who committed suicide,8th-century rulers in Asia,Vassal rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate,734 births

paragraph: Khurshid of Tabaristan

paragraph: Khurshid (Book Pahlavi: hwlšyt'; Tabari/, Spāhbed Khōrshīd 'General Khorshid'; 734–761), erroneously designated Khurshid II by earlier scholars, was the last Dabuyid "ispahbadh" of Tabaristan. He succeeded to the throne at an early age, and was supervised by his uncle as regent until he reached the age of fourteen. Khurshid tried to assert his independence from his vassalage to the Caliphate, supported various rebellions and maintained diplomatic contacts with Tang China. Finally, the Abbasids conquered his country in 759–760, and captured most members of his family. Khurshid fled to Daylam, where he ended his life.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Khurshid was born in 734/735, the son of Dadhburzmihr or Dadmihr (died 740) and grandson of Farrukhan the Great (died ca. 728), the first ruler ("ispahbadh") of the Dabuyid dynasty from whose reign coins are known. According to the traditional account, the Dabuyids had established themselves as the quasi-independent rulers of Tabaristan in the 640s, during the tumults of the Muslim conquest of Persia and the collapse of the Sassanid Empire. They owed only the payment tribute and nominal vassalage to the Arab Caliphate, and managed, despite repeated Muslim attempts at invasion, to maintain their autonomy by exploiting the inaccessible terrain of their country. A more recent interpretation of the sources by P. Pourshariati, however, supports that Farrukhan was the one who actually established the family's rule over Tabaristan, sometime in the 670s. In earlier works on the dynasty, Khurshid is named Khurshid II, due to erroneous interpretation of numismatic evidence, which led earlier scholars to interpolate a first Khurshid before Farrukhan, whose rule was thought to have begun ca. 710.

paragraph: Khurshid succeeded his father at the age of only six, and for eight years the regency was exercised by his uncle Farrukhan-i Kuchak ("Farrukhan the Little"). When Khurshid came of age, Farrukhan's own sons refused to recognize his claim and tried to usurp the throne. Their plot was allegedly betrayed to Khurshid by a slave girl, Varmja Haraviya. With the help of the sons of his cousin Jushnas, Khurshid managed to defeat and imprison Farrukhan's sons. He later took Varmja Haraviya as his wife, while the sons of Jushnas were given high positions in the state. The historian Ibn Isfandiyar gives a vivid description of the prosperity of Tabaristan at this time, which was a major centre for textile production (including silk), and which traded with the Turks of Central Asia, probably via the Caspian Sea. Khurshid is said to have contributed to this prosperity by building numerous bazaars and caravanserais. Khurshid also tried to consolidate and even extend his royal power, and used the turmoil within the Umayyad Caliphate during the Third Islamic Civil War to this effect, rebelling against Caliph Marwan II (r. 744–750), and even sending an embassy to the Tang court in 746, which recognized him ("king Hu-lu-ban") as a vassal prince.

paragraph: During the Abbasid Revolution, however, he was forced to submit to the Abbasid armies under Abu Muslim. As one of Abu Muslim's vassals, he supported the latter in his quarrel with the Caliph al-Mansur (r. 754–775). After the Caliph had Abu Muslim murdered in 755, Khurshid supported the anti-Abbasid rebellion of Sunbadh, who entrusted part of Abu Muslim's treasure to Khurshid's keeping. When Sunbadh's revolt was defeated, Sunbadh fled to Tabaristan, but was killed there by one of Khurshid's cousins, ostensibly because he had failed to show the man proper respect. It is possible, however, that the murder was instigated by Khurshid, in the hope of acquiring the remainder of Abu Muslim's treasure. Al-Mansur sent his son and heir, al-Mahdi (r. 775–785), to recover the treasure of Abu Muslim. Khurshid denied having it, and al-Mansur tried to unseat Khurshid by crowning one of his cousins as "ispahbadh". This did not have the desired effect of challenging the loyalty of Khurshid's subjects, but Khurshid was eventually forced to accommodate the Abbasids by accepting an increase in the annual tribute, which brought it to the level paid to the Sassanids.

paragraph: Soon after, nevertheless, Khurshid took advantage of the rebellion of Abd al-Jabar ibn Abd al-Rahman, the governor of Khurasan, to once again throw off allegiance to the Caliphate. Al-Mansur sent an army into Tabaristan, with the intention of completely subduing the country and making it a province. Khurshid fled to the fortress of al-Tak in the mountains, where he was besieged in 759–760. Although Khurshid himself escaped to nearby Daylam, the fortress eventually fell, and with it his family fell into the hands of the Abbasids and brought to Baghdad. From Daylam, Khurshid tried to regain his kingdom. He raised an army from the mountain dwellers of the region, and invaded Tabaristan in 760. Repulsed, he returned to Daylam. After learning of his family's capture, he is said to have exclaimed "after this there is no inclination to life and joy, and death is the very solace and respite itself", and took poison, probably in 761.

paragraph: Tabaristan became a regular province of the Caliphate, ruled from Amul by an Arab governor, although the local dynasties of the Bavandids, Karinids and Zarmihrids, formerly subject to the Dabuyids, continued to control the mountainous interior as tributary vassals of the Abbasid government. Coins were minted in Tabaristan in Khurshid's name until 764, whereafter the name of the Abbasid governor was substituted. As a result some earlier works also mention 767 as the date of Khurshid's death.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: After their capture, Khurshid's sons, the crown prince Dadmihr, Hormozd and Vandad-Hormozd, received Arabic names, but otherwise their fate is unknown. According to Chinese sources, on the other hand, one of them was on embassy in the Tang court at the time Tabaristan was conquered. Khurshid's daughters were distributed as concubines to members of the Abbasid dynasty. The names and genealogy of these princesses are confused, but one was taken by al-Mansur himself and another by his brother, Abbas ibn Muhammad. Al-Bakhtariyya, a daughter of Farrukhan-i Kuchak, became the concubine of al-Mahdi, and it is reported that another of al-Mahdi's concubines, Shakla, was a daughter of Khurshid. In 817, during the Fourth Islamic Civil War, the populace of Baghdad turned to their sons to make them caliphs in opposition to al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833). Al-Bakhtariyya's son al-Mansur ibn al-Mahdi refused, but his half-brother Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi accepted and ruled as anti-caliph until 819.

description: last Dabuyid ispahbadh of Tabaristan

wikidata_label: Khurshid of Tabaristan

wikipedia_title: Khurshid of Tabaristan


text:
Southern Song dynasty
Neo-Confucianist
Wei Liaoweng
Pucheng
Fujian
naming taboo
Emperor Xiaozong
"jinshi"
Quanzhou
Hanlin Academy
Han Tuozhou
Zhu Xi
Cheng-Zhu school
Emperor Lizong
Shi Miyuan
Zhan Tiren
Daoism
Buddhism
Lu Jiuyuan
Song Lian
Hongwu Emperor
Ming dynasty
Wm Theodore de Bary
Heart Sutra

categories: Neo-Confucianism,Song dynasty philosophers,1178 births,Politicians from Nanping,1235 deaths,Song dynasty politicians from Fujian

paragraph: Zhen Dexiu

paragraph: Zhen Dexiu (; 1178–1235) was a Chinese politician and philosopher during the Southern Song dynasty. His Neo-Confucianist views were influential at court and together with his colleague Wei Liaoweng he was instrumental in making Neo-Confucianism the dominant political philosophy of his time.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Zhen was born in Pucheng (now part of Fujian province). His original family name was Shen (慎), but was changed to Zhen (真) owing to the naming taboo of Emperor Xiaozong. He earned his "jinshi" qualification in 1199. He held a number of court positions, including Prefect of Quanzhou, Vice Minister of Rites, Minister of Revenue and eventually Vice Counsellor. He was also appointed to the Hanlin Academy. During the early part of his political career Zhen enjoyed the patronage of the Prime Minister Han Tuozhou, despite the latter's opposition to the Neo-Confucianist school of thought that Zhen represented (based on political rivalries with the Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi). It was not until Han Tuozhou's death that Zhen started to openly advocate the positions of Zhu Xi. Zhen was widely regarded among his peers as the successor to Zhu Xi's teaching, and was able to overturn the ban on the Cheng-Zhu school implemented during Han's premiership.

paragraph: During the reign of Emperor Lizong, he was known for his uprightness and integrity. Shi Miyuan, then the prime minister, saw Zhen as a potential threat to his political monopoly and removed him from the imperial court.Zhen had not returned to the central government until Shi passed away. During this time, he served as government official in various counties while gaining positive reputation. He died in the year of 1235, several years after his return to the court.

paragraph: Section::::Philosophy.

paragraph: Zhen was a student of Zhan Tiren (himself a student of Zhu Xi's school), but adapted Zhan's philosophy to incorporate doctrinal elements of Daoism and Buddhism, modernising it and making it more palatable to the politicians of his day. He also included elements of Lu Jiuyuan's "School of the Universal Mind", despite the rivalry between this school and Zhu Xi's. As a result, Neo-Confucianism became the primary philosophy of the Song court. His works continued to be influential long after his death; more than a century later, Song Lian was recommending Zhan's work to the Hongwu Emperor, the first of the Ming dynasty, who was so impressed that he had the text of Zhan's "Expanded Meaning of the Great Learning" copied onto the walls of his palace so he could review it daily.

paragraph: The Sinologist Wm Theodore de Bary regarded Zhen's "Heart Mind Classic" as the quintessential expression of the Heart-Mind school of Neo-Confucianism, considering it to be Confucian equivalent to the Heart Sutra. In this work, Zhen advocated strict personal discipline and an ascetic lifestyle, focused on personal morality and social reform. He believed that the moral rectification of one's own spirit was the foundation of correct rulership, and felt that it was the duty of the court to encourage the ruler's efforts in personal moral improvement.

paragraph: Zhen's short primer "Instructions for Children" expounds his view on education, showing that he felt the purpose of education was to replace the wild nature of childhood with the dignity and respectability of adulthood as quickly as possible. Taking the form of a selection of short aphorisms and instructions, it was a popular text in schools for many years, though it fell out of favour after Western pedagogical methods were introduced to China.

paragraph: Zhen also touched on literary criticism with his "Writings of the Orthodox School", which addressed literature from a Daoist perspective. Unlike other literary critiques of the time, which classified writings in to as many as 100 categories, Zhen felt that there were only four major categories of literature: instruction, discussion, narration and poetry.

paragraph: Section::::List of works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Expanded Meaning of the Great Learning" ("Daxue yanyi" )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heart Mind Classic" ("Xinjing" )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Classic on Government" ("Zhengjing" )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Notes of the Secretariat" ("Du Shu ji" )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Writings of the Orthodox School" ("Wenzhang zhengzong" )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Instructions for Children" ("Jiaozi zhaigui" )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Collected works" ("Zhen Xishan quanji" )

alias:
Xiyuan
Jingxi
Xishan xiansheng
Wenzhong
Jingyuan
Xishan

description: Song dynasty person CBDB = 10258

wikidata_label: Zhen Dexiu

wikipedia_title: Zhen Dexiu


text: Cesena

text: Galileo

text: Pope Pius VII

text: Pesaro

text: Faenza

text: Perugia

text: Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena

text: Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini

text: Orazio Grassi

text: parallax

text: Copernican heliocentrism

text: geocentric model

text: Tychonic system

text: Tycho Brahe

text: Johannes Kepler

text: The Assayer

text: Benedetto Castelli

text: Mario Guiducci

text: Holy Office

text: Ptolemy

text: University of Pisa

text: university of Bologna

text: Cesare Marsili

text: Cardinal Francesco Barberini

text: Élie Diodati

text: University of Padua

text: Fortunio Liceti

text: Capuchin

categories: 1652 deaths,Italian philosophers,1565 births

paragraph: Scipione Chiaramonti

paragraph: Scipione Chiaramonti (21 June 1565, Cesena – 3 October 1652, Cesena) was an Italian philosopher and noted opponent of Galileo.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: The Chiaramonti family was noble and wealthy, claiming to have originated in Clermont and moved to Italy in the fourteenth century. Pope Pius VII (1742–1823) was from the same family. The son of a doctor, Scipione studied at the University of Ferrara, lodging first at the house of Cardinal Alessandro d’Este and later associating with the circle of Cardinal Curzio Sangiorgi. In 1588 he married Virginia Abbati, with whom he was to father twelve children (including at least seven boys). In 1592 he met Galileo, passing through Cesena on his way to Pesaro, who described him as 'very gifted in mathematics'; the same year he graduated in philosophy.

paragraph: He spent a short period in Faenza where, in 1598 he wrote a treatise on mathematical problems in artillery; in 1601, he was hired, at annual salary of 340 scudi, as "interpreter of natural philosophy to the academy of Perugia" and also received an annual allowance of 400 ducats from Cardinal Alessandro d'Este. He was highly regarded by the Cardinal's half-brother, Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena whom he served as mathematician and advisor, and who took two of his sons, Virginio and Niccolò, as his pages. He was for a time also in the service of Cardinal Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini. Some time between 1610 and 1614 he composed a treatise on stage scenery.

paragraph: Section::::Opposition to Tycho Brahe.

paragraph: In 1618 three comets appeared over Europe, and Chiaromonti dedicated his first printed work, "Discorso della cometa pogonare dell'anno MDCXVIII" to Cesare d'Este. He thus entered into a scientific polemic on the nature of comets that involved Orazio Grassi and Galileo; while Galileo held that they were most likely optical illusions rather than heavenly bodies, Chiaramonti argued that comets were made of 'elemental substance', did display parallax and were definitely sublunar.

paragraph: Just as Galileo sought to interpret the phenomenon of comets in a way which supported Copernican heliocentrism, Chiaramonti explained it with the intention of supporting the traditional geocentric model. Chiaramonti was such a determined defender of classical astronomy that he rejected even the Tychonic system, which was by then commonly accepted among Jesuit scholars and other astronomers who did not accept the views of Copernicus. Chiaramonti's second and more significant venture into this scholarly field came with his 1621 work "Antitycho" which opposed the argument of Tycho Brahe that comets were celestial bodies following an orbit above the Moon. In this work Chiaramonti tackled not only Tycho but Grassi, devoting 10 of the work's 65 chapters to refuting his arguments about comets. When Johannes Kepler received a copy of "Antitycho", he replied with "Shieldbearer for Tycho".

paragraph: Despite the fundamental difference of views with Chiaramonti, Galileo maintained cordial relations with him at this time, referring to him positively in "The Assayer" as having conclusively proved the falsity of Tycho's model of the universe. Galileo's views may have hardened after Chiaramonti replied to Kepler's "Shieldbearer" in 1626 with his "Apologia pro Antitychone". In this he reiterated what Benedetto Castelli described as "ridiculous and impossible" opinions on comets and stars. Mario Guiducci scorned him as a "cold, insipid Perpiatetic" who needed "a good ironing."

paragraph: In contrast, Chiaramonti's standing in Church circles continued to rise, and he served as a consultant to the Holy Office in Cesena. Many conservative churchmen in Rome were convinced that they had found in him the champion who would overcome dangerous innovations and restore traditional certainties. As Guiducci reported to Galileo, some believed that Chiaramonti would prove able to resolve the question of the earth's movement in favour of Ptolemy. The poet Pier Francesco Minozzi praised him in verse as ‘the Aristotle of our times.’

paragraph: Section::::'Enemy of Astronomers'.

paragraph: In 1627 Chiaramonti was elected to the chair in philosophy at the University of Pisa with an annual salary of 700 ducats, where he remained until 1636. In 1629 he applied to the more prestigious university of Bologna to teach mathematics, but his appointment was blocked, with particularly strong opposition from Galileo's friend Cesare Marsili, who described him as "such an enemy of astronomers" ("tanto nemico degli astronomi"). In 1628 Chiaramonti published another attack on both Tycho and Copernicus, "De Tribus Novis Stellis". This was concerned with three transient 'new stars' in 1572, 1600 and 1604. His purpose was to refute arguments that these were actual stars rather than sublunary events.

paragraph: The publication of Galileo's "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems" in Italian in 1632 and then in Latin in 1635, dealt a serious blow to Chiaramonti's scientific credibility. In the dialogue, arguments that he had used in past were placed in the mouth of Galileo's idiot character Simplicius in such way that, as Chiaramonti himself commented, only a "scempio" ("disgrace", "total mess") like Simplicio could possibly believe them. The character of Salivati firmly rebuts these points, dismissing "Antitycho" as a work hardly meriting serious attention, and referring to existence of sunspots, which not only darken the surface of the Sun, but cast a shadow on the whole of peripatetic philosophy. Chiaramonti is explicitly named in the "Dialogue", and Salviati says that as he is not present to answer his questions, he invites Simplicio to respond in his place. Simplicio does so, quoting verbatim from Chiaramonti's "De Tribus Novis Stellis".

paragraph: Chiaramonti responded to Galileo almost at once with a dialogue of his own, the "Difesa di Scipione Chiaramonti da Cesena al suo Antiticone" (1633). In this he argued a position that "is neither well presented [i.e. by Salviati to Simplicio]... nor is it answered by him." Chiaramonti rewrote this entire section of Galileo's "Dialogue", challenging Galileo's logic and inserting responses in the Salviati-Simplicio conversation to indicate what he would have said in place of Simplicio's weak replies. Galileo's supporters were scathing about this book, but Galileo was unable to respond to it publicly. In October 1632 he had been summoned to Rome for questioning by the Inquisition following the publication of his "Dialogue" and in April 1633 his trial began. One of his judges was Cardinal Francesco Barberini, nephew of the Pope, and Grand Inquisitor, to whom Chiaramonti had dedicated his "Difesa". In a letter to Élie Diodati on 25 July 1634 Galileo complained that in the "Difesa", Chiaramonti had allowed himself to be drawn into writing 'exaggerated' and 'reckless' things which, outside of present circumstances, could easily have been refuted.

paragraph: Section::::Later disputes.

paragraph: In 1635 Chiaramonti published a work of political philosophy, "Della Ragion di Stato" which examined at great length different possible definitions of the terms 'reason' and 'state' and considered the dilemmas of statecraft and morality. The following year he left his position at Pisa, was unsuccessful in soliciting a chair at the University of Padua (which he wanted to secure without competition and with a salary of more than 600 sequins), and retired to Cesena. Here he devoted much of his time to an 887-page history of his native city, "Caesenae historia", which was published in 1641.

paragraph: The remainder of his attention returned to the territory of scholarly disputes; had criticised his "De Tribus" and in 1636 Charamonti published a refutation, "Examen censurae Gloriosi", to which Glorioso replied the following year "Castigatio examinis". To this Chiaramonti responded in turn with "Castigatio Ioannis Camilli Gloriosi aduersus Scipionem Claramontium Caesenatem" (1638). Glorioso's final contribution to this dispute was his "Responsio" (1641). As he died soon after, this allowed Chiaramonti the last word, which he took with a volume of more than 500 pages, summarising his Aristotelian positions on a wide range of topics, his "Opus Scipionis Claramontis Caesenatis de Universo" (1644). No less acrimonious was his dispute with Galileo's friend Fortunio Liceti, founded on the same wish to defend Aristotle against any modern observation or experiment. This polemic was opened by Chiaramonti in 1636 and was fought by exchange of pamphlets until 1648. While pursuing these extended arguments, Chiaramonti produced a number of systematic treatises which reaffirmed classical Aristotelian thinking, and in 1643, the year after Galileo's death, he published an attack on his views in "Antiphilolaus".

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Chiaramonti's wife died in 1644; there is an account that at the age of eighty he remarried to a much younger wife, but the consensus is that soon after he widowed, he joined the Capuchin order to which four of his sons already belonged, and erected at his own expense a church dedicated to Saint Philip and Saint Cecilia. He died in Cesena on 3 October 1652.

wikidata_label: Scipione Chiaramonti

wikipedia_title: Scipione Chiaramonti


text:
Italian
astronomer
philosopher
mathematician
theologian
catholic priest
Republic of Venice
Renaissance
scientific revolution
mathematics
logic
philosophy
Padua
Galileo Galilei
catholic priest
Venice
Greek
Latin
Metaphysics
University of Padua
Giuseppe Moleti
Galileo Galilei
Aristotelian

categories: 1501 births,Italian theologians,Italian philosophers,1577 deaths,Italian mathematicians,Italian Roman Catholic priests,Italian astronomers

paragraph: Pietro Catena

paragraph: Pietro Catena (1501–1577) was an Italian astronomer, philosopher, mathematician, theologian and catholic priest, citizen of the Republic of Venice. He was a precursor of the Renaissance scientific revolution and investigated on the relationships between mathematics, logic and philosophy. As a professor in Padua, Catena occupied the same mathematical chair later assigned to Galileo Galilei.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: A catholic priest born in Venice in 1501, Pietro Catena was well known as a philosopher and mathematician, and also considered excellent in Greek and Latin. He was a public lecturer of Metaphysics and professor of mathematics at the University of Padua from 1548 to 1576, where Giuseppe Moleti and later Galileo Galilei succeeded him.

paragraph: Catena published in 1556 in Venice "Universa loca in logica Aristotelis in mathematicas disciplinas", the collection of pieces from the Aristotelian works that recognized the prevailing speculative character of mathematical knowledge, a theme to which he also devoted another work.

wikidata_label: Pietro Catena

wikipedia_title: Pietro Catena


text:
House of Commons
Royalist
English Civil War
Every Baronets
Chardstock
Dorset
Devon
Egginton
Member of Parliament
Leicester
Short Parliament
baronet
County of Derby
Baronetage of England
Worthington and John Brice
Dinnington

categories: People from Dorset,1603 births,English MPs 1640 (April),Baronets in the Baronetage of England,1647 deaths,Every family

paragraph: Simon Every

paragraph: Sir Simon Every, 1st Baronet (1603–1647) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640. He was a supporter of the Royalist cause in the English Civil War, and the first of the Every Baronets.

paragraph: Every was born at Chardstock (then in Dorset, located in Devon since 1896) to John Every of Wycroft Castle, and his wife Elizabeth Lambert. He married Anne Leigh, daughter of Sir Henry Leigh of Egginton, and after marriage took Egginton Hall as his seat. He was elected Member of Parliament for Leicester for the Short Parliament in April 1640, and created a baronet, of Egginton in the County of Derby in the Baronetage of England on 26 May 1641. He suffered for his support of the King during the Civil War and his estates were compounded, along with those of his cousins Worthington and John Brice of Dinnington.

description: English politician

wikidata_label: Simon Every

wikipedia_title: Simon Every


text:
MP
House of Commons
William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury
Lady Catherine Howard
1st Earl of Suffolk
St John's College, Cambridge
Member of Parliament
Hertford
Short Parliament
Long Parliament
Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire
Pride's Purge
earldom
James Maxwell, 1st Earl of Dirletoun
James

categories: 1660 deaths,British courtesy viscounts,Lord-Lieutenants of Hertfordshire,English MPs 1640–1648,Heirs apparent who never acceded,1619 births,People of the Stuart period,English MPs 1640 (April)

paragraph: Charles Cecil, Viscount Cranborne

paragraph: Charles Cecil, Viscount Cranborne MP (1619–1660), was an English nobleman and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648.

paragraph: Cranborne was the son of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, and his wife Lady Catherine Howard, a daughter of the 1st Earl of Suffolk. He bore the courtesy title Viscount Cranborne. He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge.

paragraph: In April 1640, Cranborne was elected Member of Parliament for Hertford for the Short Parliament and he was re-elected in November 1640 for the Long Parliament. He was Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire from 1640 to 1642. Although not specifically excluded under Pride's Purge, he is not recorded as sitting subsequently.

paragraph: Cranborne died at the age of 40 without inheriting the earldom.

paragraph: Cranborne married Lady Diana Maxwell, daughter of James Maxwell, 1st Earl of Dirletoun. Their son James succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Salisbury.

description: Member of Parliament

wikidata_label: Charles Cecil, Viscount Cranborne

wikipedia_title: Charles Cecil, Viscount Cranborne


categories: 1431 births,1485 deaths,Japanese painters

paragraph: Shingei

alias:
Shingei Geiami
Shingei Nakao
Gakusō
Nakao Shingē
Gēami

description: Japanese artist

wikidata_label: Geiami

wikipedia_title: Shingei


text:
Crown of Aragon
Grand Master
Knights Templar
Crown of Aragon
Provence
Reconquista
Muslims
Crown of Aragon
Catalonia
Aragon
Odo de St Amand
Jerusalem's
Latin States
Knights Hospitaller
Pope Lucius III
King Baldwin IV
Saladin
Raynald of Châtillon
Transjordan
Patriarch Heraclius
Grand Master
Roger de Moulins
Knights Hospitaller
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Italy
England
France
Verona
Gérard de Ridefort
San Fermo Maggiore church in Verona
cross pattée
Universities of Verona
Bologna
Nottingham
shroud
archbishop of Tarragona
Guillermo de Torroja

categories: Catalan people,1184 deaths,Grand Masters of the Knights Templar

paragraph: Arnold of Torroja

paragraph: Arnold of Torroja (; ? – 30 September 1184) was a knight of Crown of Aragon and the ninth Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1181 until his death in 1184.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: While no date of birth survives for Torroja; he was very old at his death, being in excess of 70 years when he was elected as Grand Master. He had served in the order for many years and was the Templar Master in both Crown of Aragon and Provence.

paragraph: Section::::Military Record.

paragraph: Section::::Military Record.:Reconquista.

paragraph: Torroja's military career had mainly been focused on the Reconquista, fighting Muslims for the Crown of Aragon and for Portugal but was principally active in Catalonia and Aragon. His appointment as Grand Master was likely due to his image as an outsider i.e. an experienced Templar whose power base was outside the Holy Land. This appealed to the order as the previous Grand Master Odo de St Amand had become embroiled in Jerusalem's politics but it did mean that Torroja was inexperienced in the "political situation of the Latin States". He became the order's new leader in 1181.

paragraph: Section::::Military Record.:Conflict with the Hospitallers.

paragraph: During the Grand Master's reign the Knights Hospitaller reached a new peak in their influence. There had been rivalry between orders previously but factionalism in the face of renewed Muslim pressure was unacceptable. The two Grand Masters met for mediation with Pope Lucius III and King Baldwin IV and the problems were resolved. In fact Torroja is recorded as a skilled diplomat himself acting as a mediator between several political groups in the East. He also conducted successful peace negotiations with Saladin after raids by Raynald of Châtillon in Transjordan.

paragraph: Section::::Military Record.:Embassy to Europe.

paragraph: In 1184, Torroja set out with Patriarch Heraclius and Grand Master Roger de Moulins of the Knights Hospitaller to gather European support for the Kingdom of Jerusalem. They planned to visit Italy, England and France, but he fell ill and died at Verona on September 30, 1184. He was succeeded as Grand Master by Gérard de Ridefort.

paragraph: Section::::Military Record.:Tomb.

paragraph: In February 2018 was announced the discovery of a tomb in the San Fermo Maggiore church in Verona, which almost certainly is Arnold's final resting place. The tomb contained a stone sarcophagus with a cross pattée carved on it, itself containing a human body, and several analysis conducted by researchers of the Universities of Verona, Bologna and Nottingham together would confirm the identity of the deceased; it would be the first known tomb of a Templar Grand Master.

paragraph: From preliminary analysis, the remains are those of a man in his fifties who lived around seven centuries ago, and who suffered from back pain and toothache. Along with the bones, remains of a dress of fine silk datable to the 12th century, as well as what looks like a shroud, further support the identification. The DNA from the bones will be compared with that of Arnold's brother, the then archbishop of Tarragona, Guillermo de Torroja.

description: Grand Master of the Knights Templar

wikidata_label: Arnold of Torroja

wikipedia_title: Arnold of Torroja


text:
Grand Master
Knights Templar
Marshal of Jerusalem
Viscount
King Amaury I
Grand Master
Naplouse
Jericho
Djerach
battle of Montgisard
Saladin
Chastellet
Jerusalem
Muslims
Islamic
Battle of Marj Ayun
Baldwin IV
Raymond III of Tripoli
Roger de Moulins
True Cross

categories: 1179 deaths,1110 births,Grand Masters of the Knights Templar

paragraph: Odo de St Amand

paragraph: Eudes de St. Amand (or Odo or Odon; 1110 – 9 October 1179) was the 8th Grand Master of the Knights Templar, between 1171 and 1179.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: St Amand was born to a family from Limousin, France. He was Marshal of Jerusalem and later Viscount. He was a headstrong leader of the order, which earned him praise and resentment in equal measure. An example of this can be found 1172. When a Templar knight, Gauthier du Maisnil, was accused of murdering an Islamic dignitary by King Amaury I, St. Amand refused to hand him over. He cited the Papal Bull which stipulated the only power over the Templars was Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: St. Amand took part in several expeditions during his time as Grand Master. He spearheaded military action in Naplouse, Jericho and Djerach, scoring considerable victories with the Templars. Perhaps his finest hour was at the battle of Montgisard, where his knights convincingly defeated a superior detachment of Saladin's army.

paragraph: In March 1179, St Amand oversaw the construction of the Chastellet fortress. Its position and impregnability made it a thorn in Saladin's side and he offered considerable amounts of money to have it destroyed. It was so effective that Saladin's May assault on Jerusalem in 1179 was defeated. His forces broke on the fortress's thick walls, and the fierce fighting of the Templars stationed there scored heavy losses on the Muslims. Trying to capitalize on the victory, an assault on the Islamic forces was organized, the Battle of Marj Ayun. It was spearheaded by King Baldwin IV, Raymond III of Tripoli, Odo de St Amand and Roger de Moulins. However, Saladin had regrouped and decimated the Christian forces. Baldwin IV escaped the carnage, taking with him the True Cross, but St. Amand was captured and taken hostage.

paragraph: In August 1179, the new Templar fortress was captured and the knights stationed there were beheaded by the Muslim forces. St Amand died in one of Saladin's jails sometime during 1180, although no exact date survives. His release was proposed, in exchange for one Saladin's captive nephews, but negotiations came too late.

paragraph: Section::::Gathering support.

paragraph: Not only were St. Amand's victories important from a military standpoint, but they were vital in gaining fresh pledges of money and resources from homeland countries in Europe. Inspired by the Templars' sensational victory at Montgisard, Renaud, Lord of Margat, donated half of the income from several of his cities to the order's cause.

description: Grand Master of the Knights Templar

wikidata_label: Odo de St Amand

wikipedia_title: Odo de St Amand


text:
Lamtuna
Almoravid
Lamtuna
Yahya ibn Umar al-Lamtuni
Maliki
Abdallah ibn Yasin
Almoravid
Sijilmassa
Maghrawa
Zenata
Morocco
Anti-Atlas
Sanhaja
Lamta
Sous
Masmuda
High Atlas
Aghmat
Berghwata
caliph
amir al-Mu'minin
Aghmat
Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyah
Tensift River
Marrakesh
Yusuf ibn Tashfin
Fez
Yusuf ibn Tashfin
Yusuf
Yusuf
Ghana Empire
Islam
Mali
Gao
Soninke Wangara
Tagant Region
Mauritania
Wolof
Serer
Amar Godomat
Fula
Waalo
Almoravid dynasty
Islamic empires
Serer people
Ibn Idhari
Al-bayan al-mughrib
Almoravids

wikipedia_title:
Lamtuna
Almoravid dynasty
Lamtuna
Yahya ibn Umar al-Lamtuni
Maliki
Abdallah ibn Yasin
Almoravid dynasty
Sijilmasa
Maghrawa
Zenata
Morocco
Anti-Atlas
Sanhaja
Lemta
Sous
Masmuda
High Atlas
Aghmat
Barghawata
Caliphate
Amir al-Mu'minin
Aghmat
Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyah
Tensift River
Marrakesh
Yusuf ibn Tashfin
Fez, Morocco
Yusuf ibn Tashfin
Yusuf ibn Tashfin
Yusuf ibn Tashfin
Ghana Empire
Islam
Mali
Gao
Soninke Wangara
Tagant Region
Mauritania
Wolof people
Serer people
Amar Godomat
Fula people
Waalo
Almoravid dynasty
List of Muslim states and dynasties
Serer people
Ibn Idhari
Al-Bayan al-Mughrib
Almoravid dynasty

categories: 11th-century Berber people,11th-century Moroccan people,Year of birth unknown,1087 deaths,Almoravid dynasty

paragraph: Abu Bakr ibn Umar

paragraph: Abu Bakr ibn Umar ibn Ibrahim ibn Turgut, sometimes suffixed al-Sanhaji or al-Lamtuni (died 1087; ) was a chieftain of the Lamtuna Berber Tribe and commander of the Almoravids from 1056 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Abu Bakr ibn Umar was a member of the Banu Turgut, a clan of the Lamtuna Berbers. His brother, Yahya ibn Umar al-Lamtuni was the chieftain of the Lamtuna who invited the Maliki teacher Abdallah ibn Yasin, and together launched the Almoravid ("murabitūn") movement in the early 1050s.

paragraph: Upon the death of Yahya ibn Umar in the Spring of 1056 at the Battle of Tabfarilla, the spiritual leader Abdallah ibn Yasin appointed Abu Bakr as the new military commander of the Almoravids. That same year, Abu Bakr recaptured Sijilmassa from the Maghrawa of the Zenata confederation. The city had been taken earlier by Yahya, but subsequently lost; Abu Bakr recaptured it definitively for the Almoravids in late 1056.

paragraph: In order to ensure they did not lose Sijilmassa again, Abu Bakr launched a campaign to secure the roads and valleys of southern Morocco. He immediately captured the Draa valley, then moved along the Wadi Nul (along the edge of the Anti-Atlas, picking up the adherence of the Sanhaja tribes of the Lamta and the Gazzula (Jazzula) to the Almoravid movement. Abu Bakr led the conquest of the Sous valley of southern Morocco, seizing the local capital of Taroudannt in 1057. By negotiation, Abdallah ibn Yasin secured an alliance with the Masmuda Berbers of the High Atlas, which allowed the Almoravids to cross the mountain range with little incident and seize the critical Zenata-ruled citadel of Aghmat in 1058 with little opposition. Delighted at the apparent ease of their advance, Abdallah ibn Yasin, ventured into the lands of the Berghwata of western Morocco with only a light escort and was promptly killed. Abu Bakr, who was them mopping up the area north of Aghmat, wheeled the Almoravid army and conquered the Berghwata in a brutal campaign of revenge.

paragraph: The death of the spiritual leader Abdallah ibn Yasin left the Almoravids under the sole command of Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr continued carrying out the Almoravid program without assuming the pretence of religious authority in himself. Abu Bakr, like later Almoravid rulers, took up the comparatively modest title of "amir al-Muslimin" ("Prince of the Muslims"), rather than the caliphal "amir al-Mu'minin" ("Commander of the Faithful").

paragraph: Abu Bakr married the wealthiest woman in Aghmat, Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyah, who helped him navigate the complicated politics of southern Morocco. But Abu Bakr, a rustic desert warrior, found crowded Aghmat and its courtly life stifling. In 1060/61, Abu Bakr and his Sanhaja lieutenants left the city and pitched their tents on the pastures along the Tensift River, setting up an encampment for their headquarters, as if they were back in the Sahara desert. Stone buildings would eventually replace the tents, and the encampment would become the city of Marrakesh, an unusual-seeming city for the time, evocative of desert life with planted palms and an oasis-like feel.

paragraph: Abu Bakr placed his cousin Yusuf ibn Tashfin in charge of Aghmat, and assigned him the responsibility of maintaining the front against the Zenata to the north. In a series of campaigns through the 1060s, while Abu Bakr held court in Marrakesh, Yusuf directed Almoravid armies against northern Morocco, reducing Zenata strongholds one by one. In 1070, the Moroccan capital of Fez finally fell to the Almoravids. Discontent, however, had arisen in the Almoravid ranks, particularly among the desert clans back in the Sahara, who regarded these distant northern campaigns as expensive and pointless. The Guddala tribe, who had earlier broken away from the Almoravid coalition, began urging other desert tribes to follow suit. After the fall of Fez, feeling Morocco was now secure, Abu Bakr decided it was time to return to the Sahara and quell the dissension in the desert homelands. He placed Yusuf ibn Tashfin in charge of Morocco in his absence. As was common among the Sanhaja tribes before extended military campaigns, Abu Bakr divorced Zaynab before he left, advising her to marry Yusuf if she needed protection.

paragraph: Having quelled the discontent back in the Sahara, Abu Bakr returned north to Morocco in 1072. But Yusuf ibn Tashfin had enjoyed his taste of power, and was reluctant to give it up. Pushed by his new wife, Zaynab, Yusuf met Abu Bakr in the plain of Burnoose (between Marrakesh and Aghmat) and, by negotiation (rather than force), persuaded him to abdicate the northern dominions to him. As a courtesy to his former leader, Yusuf kept Abu-Bakr's name on the Almoravid coinage until his death.

paragraph: Abu Bakr returned to the Sahara desert to command the southern wing of the Almoravids. He launched a new set of campaigns against the dominions of the Ghana Empire in 1076 and is often credited with initiating the spread of Islam on the southern periphery of the Sahara. His campaigns are said to have gone as far as Mali and Gao.

paragraph: Abu Bakr ibn Umar died in 1087, and his dominions were partitioned among his sons and nephews (the sons of Yahya) after his death.

paragraph: Mauritanian oral tradition claims Abu Bakr was killed in a clash with the "Gangara" (Soninke Wangara of the Tagant Region of southern Mauritania), relating that he was struck down by an arrow from an old, blind Gangara chieftain in the pass of Khma (between the Tagant and Assab mountains, en route to Ghana). According to Wolof oral tradition, a Serer bowman named Amar Godomat killed him with his bow near lake Rzik (just north of the Senegal) (Godomat's name apparently originates with this death). It goes on to note that Abu Bakr left a pregnant Fula wife, Fâtimata Sal, who gave birth to a son, the legendary Amadou Boubakar ibn Omar, better known as Ndiadiane Ndiaye, who went on to found the Wolof kingdom of Waalo in the lower Senegal river.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Almoravid dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Islamic empires

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serer people

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ibn Idhari, "Al-bayan al-mughrib" Part III, annotated Spanish translation by A. Huici Miranda, Valencia, 1963.

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. Levtzion & J.F.P. Hopkins, "Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history", Cambridge University Press, 1981, (reprint: Markus Wiener, Princeton, 2000, ). Contains English translations of extracts from medieval works dealing with the Almoravids; the selections cover some (but not all) of the information above.

paragraph: BR

description: Almoravid general

wikidata_label: Abu Bakr ibn Umar

wikipedia_title: Abu Bakr ibn Umar


text: Canadian

text: ice hockey

text: goaltender

text: National Hockey League

text: Quebec Nordiques

text: Colorado Avalanche

text: Montreal Canadiens

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: Pittsburgh Penguins

text: Buffalo Sabres

text: Montreal

text: Quebec

text: Laval, Quebec

text: Sherbrooke

text: Quebec

text: QMJHL

text: Sherbrooke Phoenix

text: minor ice hockey

text: Laval, Quebec

text: Quebec Nordiques

text: 1993 NHL Entry Draft

text: Colorado Avalanche

text: Montreal Canadiens

text: Patrick Roy

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: 2002–03 season

text: 2003 NHL All-Star Game

text: Pittsburgh Penguins

text: 2006 NHL Entry Draft

text: hip

text: Marc-André Fleury

text: waivers

text: cartilage

text: Buffalo Sabres

text: Ryan Miller

text: Montreal Forum

text: Maple Leaf Gardens

text: Capital Centre

text: Sherbrooke

text: Quebec

text: Quebec Nordiques

text: 1993 draft

text: Colorado Avalanche

text: Montreal Canadiens

text: Patrick Roy

text: Mike Keane

text: Andrei Kovalenko

text: Martin Ručínský

text: Chicago Blackhawks

text: Jeff Hackett

text: Eric Weinrich

text: Alain Nasreddine

text: Tampa Bay Lightning

text: Chris Dyment

text: 1999 draft

text: Dave Manson

text: Brad Brown

text: Pittsburgh Penguins

text: 2006 draft

text: Buffalo Sabres

categories: National Hockey League first round draft picks,Ice hockey people from Quebec,Colorado Avalanche players,National Hockey League All-Stars,French Quebecers,Montreal Canadiens players,Sportspeople from Laval, Quebec,Quebec Nordiques players,Sherbrooke Faucons players,Quebec Nordiques draft picks,1975 births,Sportspeople from Montreal,Living people,Buffalo Sabres players,Colorado Avalanche coaches,Chicago Blackhawks players,Pittsburgh Penguins players,Canadian ice hockey goaltenders,Cornwall Aces players

paragraph: Jocelyn Thibault

paragraph: Joseph Regis Jocelyn Thibault (born January 12, 1975) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Quebec Nordiques, Colorado Avalanche, Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Blackhawks, Pittsburgh Penguins and Buffalo Sabres. Thibault was born in Montreal, Quebec, but grew up in Laval, Quebec.

paragraph: He led a group out of Sherbrooke, Quebec to create an expansion team in the QMJHL. The new team, Sherbrooke Phoenix, started playing in the 2012–13 season.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: As a youth, Thibault played in the 1988 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Laval, Quebec.

paragraph: Thibault was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques 10th overall in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He went on to play for the Nordiques, staying on for a short time after they moved to Denver and became the Colorado Avalanche. In 1995, midway through the Avalanche's first season in Denver, he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens in the trade that moved Patrick Roy to the Avalanche. Thibault played two seasons with the Canadiens before being traded to the Chicago Blackhawks in November 1998.

paragraph: Thibault played longer with the Blackhawks than with any other team—five seasons. His best season was the 2002–03 season when he recorded eight shutouts and made an appearance in the 2003 NHL All-Star Game. He recorded his career best GAA of 2.37 and a save percentage of .915.

paragraph: After the lockout, Thibault was acquired by the Pittsburgh Penguins in August 2005, for a fourth round pick in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft on a two-year contract worth $3 million. However, a hip injury contributed to a bad beginning, with the veteran losing twelve of thirteen starts. He was replaced as the starter by Marc-André Fleury in late November and put on waivers. In January 2006, he underwent surgery to repair torn cartilage in his left hip.

paragraph: Thibault was signed as an unrestricted free agent on July 5, 2007, by the Buffalo Sabres. He played one season with Buffalo as the backup to Ryan Miller and was not re-signed.

paragraph: Thibault has the distinction of being the winning goaltender of the last game at the Montreal Forum, Maple Leaf Gardens and the Capital Centre.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Thibault and his wife, Lise have three daughters. The family resides in Sherbrooke, Quebec.

paragraph: Section::::Transactions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- June 26, 1993 – Drafted by the Quebec Nordiques in the first round (10th overall) in 1993 draft.

paragraph: BULLET::::- June 21, 1995 – Rights transferred to the Colorado Avalanche after the Nordiques franchise relocated.

paragraph: BULLET::::- December 6, 1995 – Montreal Canadiens traded Patrick Roy and Mike Keane to the Avalanche for Andrei Kovalenko, Martin Ručínský and Thibault.

paragraph: BULLET::::- November 16, 1998 – Chicago Blackhawks traded Jeff Hackett, Eric Weinrich, Alain Nasreddine and fourth-round selection (previously acquired from the Tampa Bay Lightning – Chris Dyment) in 1999 draft to the Canadiens for Thibault, Dave Manson and Brad Brown.

paragraph: BULLET::::- August 10, 2005 – Traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins for a fourth-round selection in 2006 draft.

paragraph: BULLET::::- July 5, 2007 – Signed as an unrestricted free agent by the Buffalo Sabres.

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Jocelyn Thibault

wikipedia_title: Jocelyn Thibault


text:
Coronda
Santa Fe
Santa Fe
Argentine
Unitarian
Juan Lavalle
José María Paz
Domingo Cullen
Battle of Caseros
Entre Ríos
Ricardo López Jordán
Buenos Aires
Juan Manuel de Rosas
Argentine Confederation
Justo José de Urquiza
Rosario
José María Cullen
Provincial Hospital of Rosario
Oroño Boulevard
Marcelino Freyre
Argentine Constitution
Chamber of Deputies
Patricio Cullen
national senator
president
Luis Sáenz Peña
"Nicasio Oroño: Una biografía"
Works about Nicasio Oroño

categories: Argentine lawyers,1825 births,Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies,Governors of Santa Fe Province,Members of the Argentine Senate,1904 deaths

paragraph: Nicasio Oroño

paragraph: Nicasio V. Oroño (July 20, 1825 in Coronda, Santa Fe – October 12, 1904 in Santa Fe) was an Argentine politician and lawyer, and governor of Santa Fe between 1865 and 1868.

paragraph: Section::::Youth in the military.

paragraph: Oroño was born to Unitarian Coronel Santiago Oroño and Juana Ávila Baigorria. At age 16 he joined his father and participated of the military campaigns directed by Juan Lavalle and José María Paz. In 1839 he married Joaquina Cullen, daughter of Santa Fe governor Domingo Cullen.

paragraph: In 1852 he participated of the Battle of Caseros, fighting together with the forces of Entre Ríos under the command of Ricardo López Jordán, one of the divisions of the Grand Army, against the forces of Buenos Aires led by Juan Manuel de Rosas.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: In 1854 Oroño sent a letter to president of the Argentine Confederation Justo José de Urquiza with a proposal for the institutional organization of Rosario, which was approved.

paragraph: On August 17 of that year he was named Customs Administrator, an important position during those times.

paragraph: After the promulgation of the law that gave Rosario city status, the governor of Santa Fe José María Cullen, Oroño's brother-in-law, named him political chief of the city. Oroño created a vigilance service for the city. Under his administration the Provincial Hospital of Rosario was opened. The Municipality of Rosario honoured his legacy by renaming a major street as Oroño Boulevard in 1904.

paragraph: Together with Marcelino Freyre, Oroño represented Santa Fe in the Assembly that wrote the Argentine Constitution in 1853.

paragraph: In 1862 Oroño was elected member of the Chamber of Deputies, but in 1865 he resigned, after being chosen to replace Patricio Cullen as governor of Santa Fe Province. In the latter office he focused on the institutionalization of the province. When he finished his mandate in 1868 he was elected national senator, and from his seat he promoted the expansion and population of the country.

paragraph: After a period of political inactivity, Oroño was named director of the Office of Lands and Colonies of the Nation in 1891, but was removed from the charge after political differences with president Luis Sáenz Peña.

paragraph: In 1899 he was elected as constitutional deputy for the convention that a year later sanctioned the provincial constitution of Santa Fe. He was again elected national deputy in 1902, but died two years later.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Javier Etcheverry. "Nicasio Oroño: Una biografía" (extract).

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Teachers' Library, Works about Nicasio Oroño.

description: Argentine politician, lawyer and governor of Santa Fe

wikidata_label: Nicasio Oroño

wikipedia_title: Nicasio Oroño


text:
Kalmar
Småland
Sweden
Halltorp, Kalmar
ornithologist
zoologist
wildlife photographer
writer
Biography (Swedish)

categories: 1885 births,Swedish poets,Nature photographers,People from Kalmar,20th-century Swedish poets,Male poets,1967 deaths

paragraph: Bengt Berg (ornithologist)

paragraph: Bengt Magnus Kristoffer Berg (9 January 1885 in Kalmar, Småland, Sweden – 31 July 1967 in Halltorp, Kalmar, Sweden) was a Swedish ornithologist, zoologist, wildlife photographer, and writer.

paragraph: Bengt Berg was one of the worlds first nature filmers.

paragraph: He was one of the very first nature photographers and filmers and also one of the very top in the world of his time.

paragraph: He started photographing at around 1910.

paragraph: At the Victoria theatre in Berlin, the biggest "cinematograph theatre" at the time, he would explain to the audience from a speakers chair during his soundless films. During one consecutive period of four months there was full house (2600 people each show) twice a day every day.

paragraph: He was also the author of almost 30 books translated into 16 languages. His books were full of wildlife photographs and questioning, humorous stories from Sweden, Africa, India, Bhutan and the Himalayas.

paragraph: He was a vivid debater of various subjects to do with birds, flora, fauna in general. More than often his booming voice or pen would declare that man was taking far too greedy or indeed urban view and place in nature.

paragraph: Bengt Berg was many things beside a photographer and a writer. He was also a hunter and a believer in a natural life as a being amongst other animals.

paragraph: But first and foremost his love was birds and in his writing he was never far from words declaring his passion for the winged creatures surrounding us all :

paragraph: Thanks to him the sea eagle, the greylag goose, the golden eagle and the mute swan of Sweden were saved.

paragraph: He was the first to film the shoebill stork in South Sudan (early 1920s)

paragraph: Also in the 20s he followed the common cranes from Europe to find out the southernmost point they went to in Africa.

paragraph: 1930 He photographed the bearded vulture in the Himalayas, from a ballon basket fastened to a very long rope. Here he (and sometimes his wife) hung precariously and at great heights to get clear pictures of the birds, inside their caves on the cliff walls.

paragraph: But it was not only birds:

paragraph: At home in Sweden he was deeply involved in fencing private land to protect and understand more about the red deer, and his travels across the globe also turned him towards filming, photographing and writing of mammals like the elephants of Africa, the tigers and rhinoceros of India.

paragraph: When he came home from his filming of the shoebill stork in South Sudan he also had in his trunks the longest piece of film so far taken of the African elephant, and through his book of the Indian rhino in 1932 he brought the world to attention that the Chinese were killing them off at great speed in their demand for rhino horn.

paragraph: Dr. Bengt Berg looked with a very sober, albeit furious, gaze at mans one moment thoughtlessness in nature and next moment unrealistic approach to being a human animal amongst other animals. Some thought him too loudly critical of man and claimed that he loved other kinds more than his own.

paragraph: "Do not judge me on my person but on the work I have done here" were words he wrote not long before he died.

paragraph: 31 July 1967, 82 years old, he died from a stroke while swimming in the archipelago at his estate at Eriksberg, Blekinge, Sweden.

paragraph: He is best remembered for his many travel books, his naturalist photographs and movies, taken on several expeditions around the world, including Europe, Africa and Asia.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works (in German).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abu Markub. Mit der Filmkamera unter Elefanten und Riesenstörchen". Reimer, Berlin 1920

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arizona Charleys Junge". Verlag Putty, Wuppertal 1954

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Lämmergeier im Himalaja". Antigone-Verlag, Allendorf/Eder 2006,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die letzten Adler". Reimer, Berlin 1943

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Liebesgeschichte einer Wildgans". Reimer, Berlin 1949

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mein Freund, der Regenpfeifer". Antigone-Verlag, Allendorf/Eder 2003,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meine Jagd nach dem Einhorn". Rütten & Loening, Frankfurt/M. 1933

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mit den Zugvögeln nach Afrika". Antigone-Verlag, Allendorf/Eder 2001,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tiger und Mensch". Limpert-Verlag, Frankfurt/M. 1958

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography (Swedish)

description: Swedish photographer, scientist and writer

wikidata_label: Bengt Berg

wikipedia_title: Bengt Berg (ornithologist)


text:
tribune of the people
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
college of pontiffs
Pontifex Maximus
Lucius Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus
superior colleges
comitia tributa
co-optation
Sulla
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
Marcus Junius Silanus
consul
censor
Lucius Licinius Crassus
orator
Cicero
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Quintus Mucius Scaevola
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus

categories: Domitii,Roman Republican consuls,Pontifices Maximi of the Roman Republic,Senators of the Roman Republic,1st-century BC clergy,1st-century BC Romans,2nd-century BC Romans,2nd-century BC clergy,Roman censors,88 BC deaths

paragraph: Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 BC)

paragraph: Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (died 88 BC) was tribune of the people in 104 BC. He was the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, and brother of Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus.

paragraph: The college of pontiffs elected him Pontifex Maximus in 103 B.C.(succeeding Lucius Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus).

paragraph: He brought forward a law ("lex Domitia de Sacerdotiis") by which the priests of the superior colleges were to be elected by the people in the "comitia tributa" (seventeen of the tribes voting) instead of by co-optation. The law was subsequently repealed by Sulla.

paragraph: Both during his tribunate and afterwards, he prosecuted several of his private enemies, such as Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (whom he blamed for not having been elected to the pontificate in the first place) and Marcus Junius Silanus.

paragraph: He was elected consul in 96 BC and censor in 92 BC with Lucius Licinius Crassus the orator, with whom he was frequently at variance. They took joint action, however, in suppressing the recently established Latin rhetorical schools, which they regarded as injurious to public morality; in the words of Cicero, these were seen as 'schools of impudence'.

paragraph: Their censorship was long celebrated for their disputes. Domitius was of a violent temper, and was moreover in favor of the ancient simplicity of living, while Crassus loved luxury and encouraged art. Among the many sayings recorded of both, we are told that Crassus observed, "that it was no wonder that a man had a beard of brass, who had a mouth of iron and a heart of lead." Cicero wrote that Domitius was not to be reckoned among the orators, but that he spoke well enough and had sufficient talent to maintain his high rank.

paragraph: Ahenobarbus apparently died in 88 BC, during the consulship of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, and was succeeded as pontifex by Quintus Mucius Scaevola.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: He had two sons: Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus.

wikidata_label: Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus


text: New York Quarterly

text: Stanford University

text: Yvor Winters

text: Allen Ginsberg

text: Kenneth Patchen

text: Kenneth Rexroth

text: 92nd Street Y

text: Poetry Society of America

text: Racine

text: Beatrice Straight

text: Mildred Dunnock

text: Otto Preminger

text: Dwight L. Moody

text: Louise Bogan

text: NYU

text: James Dickey

text: editor

text: Rolling Stone

text: W. H. Auden

text: John Ashbery

text: Paul Blackburn

text: Richard Eberhart

text: Stanley Kunitz

text: Anne Sexton

text: Franz Douskey

text: Charles Bukowski

text: W.S. Merwin

text: Galway Kinnell

text: Franz Douskey

text: Antler

text: Lifshin

text: Inez

text: Moriarty

text: The Estate of William Packard

text: New York Quarterly

categories: American male dramatists and playwrights,Stanford University alumni,20th-century American dramatists and playwrights,American magazine founders,1933 births,Screenwriting instructors,2002 deaths,American magazine editors,20th-century American non-fiction writers,American male poets

paragraph: William Packard (author)

paragraph: William Packard (September 2, 1933 – November 3, 2002) was an American poet, playwright, teacher, novelist, and was also founder and editor of the "New York Quarterly", a national poetry magazine.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Packard was born September 2, 1933, and was raised in New York. He was a graduate of Stanford University, where he earned a degree in philosophy and studied under the poet and critic Yvor Winters. Packard was a presence in the literary circles of the San Francisco Bay Area in the 1950s and 60s — circles that included Allen Ginsberg, Kenneth Patchen, and Kenneth Rexroth. Packard was most active, however, in New York City, where he lived and wrote for more than half his life.

paragraph: While in New York, Packard hosted the 92nd Street Y’s poetry reading series, was Vice President of the Poetry Society of America, was a member of the governing board of the Pirandello Society, and was co-director of the Hofstra Writers Conference for seven years. In 1957 he was awarded a Frost Fellowship and, in 1980, was honored with a reception at the White House for distinguished American poets.

paragraph: Packard's literary career spanned nearly 50 years and resulted in the publication of six volumes of poetry, including "To Peel an Apple", "First Selected Poems", "Voices/I hear/voices", and "Collected Poems". His novel, "Saturday Night at San Marcos", is a bawdy, irreverent send-up of the literary scene. It is written with “a sharp yet loving bite … Picture the pace of Jack Kerouac's 'On the Road' plus caricature worthy of Portnoy,” according to the "New York Times". His translation of Racine’s "Phedre", for which he was awarded the Outer Critic’s Circle Award, is the only English rendering to date to have maintained the original’s rhymed Alexandrine couplets. It was produced Off-Broadway with Beatrice Straight and Mildred Dunnock, and directed by Paul-Emile Deiber; a production which Stanley Kauffmann of the "New York Times" referred to as “the best performance in English of a classic French tragedy that I have seen.”. His plays include "The Killer Thing", directed by Otto Preminger, "Sandra and the Janitor", produced at the HB Playwrights Foundation, "The Funeral", "The Marriage", and "War Play", produced and directed by Gene Frankel. Three collections of Mr. Packard's one-act plays, "Psychopathology of Everyday Life", "Threesome", and "Behind the Eyes", were recently produced in New York. Packard was the great-grandson of Evangelist Dwight L. Moody and wrote the non-fiction book "Evangelism in America: From Tents to TV".

paragraph: Beginning in 1965, when he inherited from Louise Bogan the poetry writing classes at New York University's Washington Square Writing Center, Packard taught poetry and literature at NYU, Wagner, The New School, Cooper Union, The Bank Street Theatre, and Hofstra, as well as acting, and playwriting at the HB Studio in Manhattan. Among his books, he is the author of "The Art of the Playwright", "The Art of Screenwriting", "The Poet’s Dictionary", "The Art of Poetry Writing", and "The Poet’s Craft: Interviews from the New York Quarterly."

paragraph: Packard was editor of the "New York Quarterly (NYQ)" for 33 years — from its founding 1969 until his death in 2002. He published 58 issues. Poet and novelist James Dickey called Packard "one of the great editors of our time". Cited by Rolling Stone as "the most important poetry magazine in America," the "New York Quarterly" earned a reputation for excellence by publishing poems, and for its “exceptional in-depth interviews” with the prominent poets W. H. Auden, John Ashbery, Paul Blackburn, Richard Eberhart, Stanley Kunitz, Anne Sexton, Franz Douskey, Charles Bukowski, and W.S. Merwin, among many others. In fact, NYQ has, in its thirty-year career, published virtually every important poet in the nation. But the magazine is equally acclaimed for supporting the work of lesser-known poets. The poet Galway Kinnell once said of the magazine, "The New York Quarterly serves an invaluable function — and that is finding and publishing wonderful talents — such as Franz Douskey, Antler, Pennant, Lifshin, Inez, Moriarty — who may not have the recognition that their work so richly deserves."

paragraph: Packard's friend, the author Charles Bukowski, was often found in the pages of "The New York Quarterly". Bukowski contributed poems, correspondence, and in 1985 he was the subject of the magazine's “craft interview”. Packard appears in the film, "Bukowski, Born into This".

paragraph: The "New York Quarterly" temporarily suspended publication when Packard suffered a stroke, but returned to print shortly before his death.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Estate of William Packard

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Quarterly

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Luna Park". A blog about literary magazines

description: American writer

wikidata_label: William M. Packard

wikipedia_title: William Packard (author)


text:
playwright
theatre director
My Leopold
My Leopold
Hasemann's Daughters
The Lonei Household

categories: Writers from Hamburg,1908 deaths,German screenwriters,1838 births

paragraph: Adolphe L'Arronge

paragraph: Adolphe L'Arronge (8 March 1838 – 25 May 1908) was a German playwright and theatre director. His best known work is the 1873 comedy play "My Leopold" which has been adapted into numerous films.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Leopold" (1873)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hasemann's Daughters" (1877)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lonei Household" (1880)

description: German actor and author

wikidata_label: Adolph L'Arronge

wikipedia_title: Adolphe L'Arronge


text:
Dutch Golden Age
Delft
Chamber of Rhetoric
Guild of St Luke
The Hague
Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
siege of Hulst
siege of Sas van Gent
siege of Schenkenschans
Siege of Schenkenschans
Rijksmuseum
Battle of Lekkerbeetje

categories: 17th-century Dutch writers,1656 deaths,Dutch male painters,Dutch Golden Age painters,1590s births

paragraph: Gerrit van Santen

paragraph: Gerrit van Santen or Gerard Cornelisz van Santen (1591/92–1656) was a Dutch Golden Age painter and writer. He was born in Delft probably in 1591 or 1592, and was buried in the city on 26 April 1656.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Author.

paragraph: Van Santen's farce "Lichte Wigger" was printed in Leiden in 1617. It was performed by the Amsterdam Chamber of Rhetoric in 1635, and reprinted the same year. It was followed by a series of other comedic pieces in the 1620s, including a volume of epigrams printed under the title"Tijd-Verdrijfjes" ("Little Pastimes").

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Painter.

paragraph: In 1629 Van Santen was admitted to the Guild of St Luke in The Hague. Between 1637 and 1650 several payments were made by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange for paintings of battles and sieges (including the siege of Hulst, siege of Sas van Gent, and siege of Schenkenschans).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Author.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lichte Wigger', 1617

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Snappende Sytgen", 1620

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Van t'een op t'aer", 1624

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Keurelycke Neeltge", 1625

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stomme-boden ofte brieven", 1625

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Graefs wandelpraetje", 1626

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tijd-verdrijfjes", 1626

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gierigheids misprijsing ende weldoens lof en loon"", 1629

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Painter.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cavalry Battle", 1635, auctioned in Stockholm 1996

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cavalry Battle", 1640, auctioned in London 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Siege of Schenkenschans", ca.1645, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Battle of Lekkerbeetje", ca. 1650, Gouda city hall

alias:
Gerrit Van Santen
Vanzanton

description: Dutch painter

wikidata_label: Gerrit van Santen

wikipedia_title: Gerrit van Santen


text:
Republican
French Revolutionary General
American Revolutionary War
French Revolutionary Wars
Napoleonic Wars
Grenoble
American Revolutionary War
divisional general
Monaco
French Consulate
Marseille
Bergen op Zoom
a night attack
Thomas Graham
Hundred Days
Guillaume Brune
Legion of Honour
Order of Saint Louis
Louis XVIII of France
Arc de Triomph

categories: French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,Order of Saint Louis recipients,1836 deaths,1755 deaths,French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars,Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

paragraph: Guilin Laurent Bizanet

paragraph: Guilin Laurent Bizanet (10 August 175518 April 1836) was a Republican French Revolutionary General who served during the American Revolutionary War, French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Grenoble, capital of the French department of Isère, Bizanet began his career as a sailor-gunner on 4November 1780 and was aboard the "Majestueux" during the American Revolutionary War from 11June 1781 to 24January 1783.

paragraph: After volunteering for the army, he became a brigadier-general on 22August 1793 and a divisional general on 10April 1794. He was a defender at Monaco in 1793 and at the end of the French Consulate in 1804 became the commander of the armies in Marseille.

paragraph: He was named commandant at the fortress of Bergen op Zoom in 1810 and successfully repelled a night attack on 8March 1814 led by General Sir Thomas Graham. After the attack, Graham wrote in a despatch to London:"Sir ... I am anxious too to do justice to the conduct of General Bizanet, which, truly characteristic of a brave mun, has been

paragraph: marked from the first with the most kind and humane attentions to the prisoners."

paragraph: Bizanet was commander of Marseille during the Hundred Days under Marshal Guillaume Brune.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour on 12December 1803 then an Officer of the same order on 14June 1804. On 19July 1814 he was made a Knight of the Order of Saint Louis by Louis XVIII of France.

paragraph: His name is engraved on the 40th Column of the Arc de Triomph

wikidata_label: Guilin Laurent Bizanet

wikipedia_title: Guilin Laurent Bizanet


text:
procurator
Publius Vitellius
consul
Roman empire
Paullus Fabius Persicus
Claudius
Tiberius
governor
Syria
Pontius Pilate
Samaria
Caligula
Claudius
Valeria Messalina
Rome
Britain
Agrippina the Younger
Censor
Josephus
Antiquities of the Jews
Tiberius
Jewish high priestly robe
treason
paralysis
Sextilia
Aulus Vitellius Germanicus
Lucius Vitellius
Robert Graves
Claudius the God
Lucius Vitellius
Livius.org: Lucius Vitellius

categories: 51 deaths,Ancient Roman equites,1st-century BC births,Vitellii,1st-century Romans,Imperial Roman consuls,Roman censors

paragraph: Lucius Vitellius the Elder

paragraph: Lucius Vitellius Veteris or the Elder (before 7 BC – 51) was the youngest of four sons of procurator Publius Vitellius and the only one who did not die through politics. He was consul three times, which was unusual during the Roman empire for someone who was not a member of the Imperial family. The first time was in the year 34 as the colleague of Paullus Fabius Persicus; the second was in 43 as the colleague of the emperor Claudius; the third was in 47 again as the colleague of the emperor Claudius.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Under Emperor Tiberius, he was consul and in the following year governor of Syria in 35. He deposed Pontius Pilate in 36 after complaints from the people in Samaria. He supported Emperor Caligula, and was a favorite of Emperor Claudius' wife Valeria Messalina. During Claudius' reign, he was Consul again twice, and governed Rome while the Emperor was absent on his invasion of Britain. Around the time that Claudius married Agrippina the Younger in 47, 48 or 49, Vitellius served as a Censor. Josephus, in his Antiquities of the Jews, records that he wrote Tiberius to request that the Jewish high priestly robe be allowed back under Jewish control and this request was granted.

paragraph: He wielded great influence and was known for his outstanding character, though, at one time, a Senator accused him of treason. He died of paralysis in 51. Lucius received a state funeral and had a statue on the rostra bearing the inscription ‘steadfast loyal to the Emperor’.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lucius married Sextilia, a reputable woman from a distinguished family, who gave birth to two sons, Aulus Vitellius Germanicus (the ephemeral Emperor in 69), and Lucius Vitellius.

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: Vitellius is a prominent character in Robert Graves's novel "Claudius the God", an intimate friend of Claudius.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lucius Vitellius entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

paragraph: BULLET::::- Livius.org: Lucius Vitellius

description: politician (0010-0051)

wikidata_label: Lucius Vitellius the Elder

wikipedia_title: Lucius Vitellius the Elder


text: bassist

text: rock

text: My Chemical Romance

text: Collapser

text: Shaun Simon

text: DC Comics

text: Newark, New Jersey

text: Belleville, New Jersey

text: Gerard

text: Barnes & Noble

text: Eyeball Records

text: Smashing Pumpkins

text: From First To Last

text: My Chemical Romance

text: Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge

text: The Black Parade

text: Squier

text: Fender Mustang Bass

text: MusicRadar

text: Sleep Station

text: Alternative Press

text: electronic pop

text: fun.

text: Twenty One Pilots

text: self-titled EP

text: Record Store Day

text: Kerrang!

text: Good Charlotte

text: The Shadow Side

text: Black Veil Brides

text: Andy Biersack

text: Waterparks

text: Reading and Leeds festivals

text: The Hub

text: The Aquabats! Super Show!

text: death metal

text: Snarl

text: Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge

text: The Black Parade

text: The Shadow Side

text: Andy Black

text: Waterparks

text: Collapser

text: Shaun Simon

text: Ilias Kyriazis

text: DC Comics

text: My Chemical Romance Official Website

categories: 1980 births,21st-century American musicians,American male bass guitarists,My Chemical Romance members,Musicians from Newark, New Jersey,Guitarists from New Jersey,Belleville High School (New Jersey) alumni,American rock bass guitarists,Songwriters from New Jersey,American people of Italian descent,Living people,American male guitarists,American people of Scottish descent

paragraph: Mikey Way

paragraph: Michael James Way (born September 10, 1980) is an American musician and actor. He is best known as the bassist of the rock band My Chemical Romance. He is also the multi-instrumentalist and backing vocalist of rock duo Electric Century.

paragraph: Mikey co-wrote Collapser with Shaun Simon due to begin release July 2019 on DC Comics.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Way was born September 10, 1980, in Newark, New Jersey to Donna Lee Way (née Rush) and Donald Way and is of Scottish and Italian ancestry. He was raised in Belleville, New Jersey alongside his older brother Gerard. Growing up, he worked in a Barnes & Noble and later Eyeball Records. Both of these played a major part in the formation of My Chemical Romance. Eyeball signed the band and released their debut record.

paragraph: The first concert he ever went to was a Smashing Pumpkins concert with his brother. After seeing them perform he told him "we have to do this." He was asked to join My Chemical Romance, which involved him having to improve his bass skills in the space of a week. He has toured with From First To Last.

paragraph: Section::::Music.

paragraph: Section::::Music.:My Chemical Romance.

paragraph: Way joined American rock band My Chemical Romance in 2001 as their bassist and suggested the band's name after he read the book "". When Way joined the band, he had to improve his bass skills in less than a week. My Chemical Romance released their second album "Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge" on June 8, 2004. My Chemical Romance's third album, "The Black Parade", was released on October 24, 2006. My Chemical Romance released their fourth and final studio album, "", on November 22, 2010. While touring for the album, Way collaborated with Squier to release a signature Mikey Way Fender Mustang Bass. In an interview with "MusicRadar", Way commented on his signature bass: "I had been sponsored by Fender through most of my time in MCR. I had contacted them about making a custom bass and they hit me back saying they wanted to give me a signature model". The band announced their breakup on March 22, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Music.:Electric Century.

paragraph: For over a year after the break up of My Chemical Romance, Way remained without a band until he formed Electric Century with Sleep Station vocalist David Debiak. The duo released their first song "I Lied" in February 2014. The same month, Electric Century was included in "Alternative Press" "100 Bands You Need To Know" list. The magazine mentioned that "I Lied" "forges an alloy of decades-proven electronic pop" comparing it to fun. and Twenty One Pilots. "Alternative Press" also said that the duo's album was finished and awaiting release later that year. The album was recorded and mixed by D. James Goodwin at The Isokon Studio in Woodstock, New York. In November, Way revealed that he had flown in February to the East Coast to complete the album but instead went to rehab. Way also said the news about Electric Century would be "in the coming months." On January 13, 2015, "Let You Get Away" was made available for streaming. "Let You Get Away" was released as a single on April 3. The band announced their debut self-titled EP on March 10, and was released on Record Store Day on April 18. "Hail the Saints" and "Right There" were released as singles on May 6.

paragraph: Since releasing their debut EP, the band re-entered the studio, and spent much 2015 writing and recording new songs. In January 2016, the duo tweeted on their official Twitter page "2016 is THE year", hinting upcoming releases. They announced their debut album "For the Night to Control" on February 24, 2016, and was released on March 9, exclusively with that week's edition of "Kerrang!" Magazine. The album was officially released on July 14, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Music.:Other musical collaborations.

paragraph: In November 2015, Way was featured in Good Charlotte's music video for their first single since their hiatus, "Makeshift Love". He also contributed to Andy Black's debut solo album "The Shadow Side", a pseudonym project from Black Veil Brides frontman Andy Biersack. Way recorded bass for American pop punk band Waterparks on their "Cluster" EP, and later joined them on tour with Good Charlotte, including performances at Reading and Leeds festivals. Mikey Way was a special guest DJ at Emo Nite LA's 1st-year anniversary.

paragraph: Section::::Acting.

paragraph: In 2013, Way made his acting debut on The Hub original series "The Aquabats! Super Show!" in the season two finale "The AntiBats!", playing the lead singer of a fictional death metal band called Asthma. Additionally, Way's brother Gerard co-directed and co-wrote the episode. In 2018, Way debuted as a voice actor by voicing the role of Snarl in the "" animated series.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: My Chemical Romance

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Parade" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2010)

paragraph: Electric Century

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Electric Century" (2015), EP

paragraph: BULLET::::- "For the Night to Control" (2016)

paragraph: Guest performances

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shadow Side" (by Andy Black, 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cluster" (by Waterparks, 2016)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Story credits.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Story credits.:Series.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Collapser" (co-written with Shaun Simon, art by Ilias Kyriazis, DC Comics, 2019-)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- My Chemical Romance Official Website

wikipedia_title: Mikey Way


text:
Zwolle
football
Marcel Keizer
Eredivisie
AFC Ajax
goalkeeper
PEC Zwolle
Go Ahead Eagles
Go Ahead Eagles
Rohda Raalte
SV Urk
VVV-Venlo
FC Emmen
PEC Zwolle
HFC Haarlem
Ajax Cape Town
PEC Zwolle
goalkeeper
Go Ahead Eagles
Deventer
Eredivisie
Celtic F.C.
European Cup
Joop Brand
Joop Brand
Jan Versleijen
Nico van Zoghel
SV Urk
VVV-Venlo
Venlo
FC Emmen
FC Zwolle
Henk ten Cate
Amsterdam
Adrie Koster
Marco van Basten
HFC Haarlem
Ajax Cape Town
South Africa
Frank de Boer
Dennis Bergkamp
FC Groningen
FC Groningen
Danny Buijs
Ajax
Eredivisie
2010–11
2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
KNVB Cup
2006–07
Johan Cruijff Shield
2007
2013

categories: PEC Zwolle players,Association football goalkeepers,FC Emmen managers,HFC Haarlem managers,1950 births,PEC Zwolle managers,AFC Ajax non-playing staff,VVV-Venlo managers,Sportspeople from Zwolle,Eerste Divisie players,Go Ahead Eagles players,Living people,Dutch footballers,Eredivisie players

paragraph: Hennie Spijkerman

paragraph: Hennie Spijkerman (born 28 October 1950 in Zwolle) is a Dutch football coach and former player who was most recently assistant manager to Marcel Keizer for Eredivisie side AFC Ajax.

paragraph: During his playing career, he played as a goalkeeper for both PEC Zwolle and Go Ahead Eagles. Following his playing career he became the assistant manager for Go Ahead Eagles, and then manager for Rohda Raalte, SV Urk, VVV-Venlo, FC Emmen, PEC Zwolle and HFC Haarlem. He has served two terms as assistant manager for Ajax, and was briefly appointed as technical director of Ajax Cape Town in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Hennie Spijkerman began his football career in his hometown of Zwolle, where he joined the youth ranks of local PEC Zwolle at the age of 6. He made his professional debut as a goalkeeper for the club during the 1968/69 season and went on to make 12 appearances for his home team. The following year saw Hennie Spijkerman join the Go Ahead Eagles in Deventer who were competing in the Dutch Eredivisie and had recently contested Celtic F.C. for the European Cup. He went on to play eight seasons for his new club before being appointed as assistant manager to Joop Brand for the same club following his retirement.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Following his retirement in 1977, Hennie Spijkerman became the assistant manager for the Go Ahead Eagles, assisting Joop Brand, Jan Versleijen and Nico van Zoghel, before accepting a position as manager for Rohda Raalte in 1994, by which time he had been active with Go Ahead Eagles for 25 years both as a player and coach. Two years later he became the manager of SV Urk, a position he filled for two seasons before taking over as manager of VVV-Venlo. In 2000 Spijkerman left Venlo to become the new manager of FC Emmen, managing them for three years before moving back to the club where it all started FC Zwolle on 8 October 2003. Managing Zwolle for three seasons, Spijkerman left the club following disputes and differences with a supporters group, taking a position as assistant manager to Henk ten Cate at AFC Ajax in Amsterdam. Spijkerman then remained the assistant manager at the club under Adrie Koster following the departure of Henk ten Cate, he however then took a scouting position with the club following the arrival of Marco van Basten as the new manager at Ajax. In 2010 Hennie Spijkerman took over as the new manager of HFC Haarlem a partner club of Ajax, Haarlem however filed for bankruptcy that same year, upon which Hennie Spijkerman filled a vacancy as technical director at Ajax Cape Town, Ajax' satellite club in South Africa. In 2011 Hennie Spijkerman resumed his position as assistant manager for Ajax Amsterdam under newly appointed manager Frank de Boer. The club went on to win four consecutive national titles under the new management. He and fellow assistant Dennis Bergkamp were sacked from their roles in December 2017. Since 2018 Hennie Spijkerman is employed by FC Groningen as an assistant to head coach and former FC Groningen player Danny Buijs.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Coach.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ajax

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eredivisie (4): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14

paragraph: BULLET::::- KNVB Cup (1): 2006–07

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johan Cruijff Shield (2): 2007, 2013

description: Dutch footballer

wikidata_label: Hennie Spijkerman

wikipedia_title: Hennie Spijkerman


text: American

text: singer-songwriter

text: musician

text: Hush Records

text: independent record label

text: Scituate

text: Massachusetts

text: Scituate High School

text: Boston

text: New England Conservatory of Music

text: Sarah Lawrence College

text: classical composition

text: Dominique Eade

text: Lee Hyla

text: Dylan Metrano

text: Tiger Saw

text: Leominster

text: Massachusetts

text: Chad Crouch

text: Hush Records

text: Hush

text: Djim Reynolds

text: Phylactery Factory

text: Pitchfork

text: Bitte Orca

text: Dirty Projectors

text: Pretty Little Liars

text: Project Runway (season 8)

text: Gretchen Jones

text: It's Kind of a Funny Story

text: Justin Bieber

text: Skrillex

text: copyright infringement

text: Sorry

text: Skrillex

text: Julia Michaels

text: Rolling Stone

text: Maura Johnston

text: Portland, Oregon

text: Dead Oceans

text: Baby

text: Musings: Casey Dienel's blog

categories: Songwriters from Massachusetts,American singer-songwriters,1985 births,21st-century American singers,Living people,American female singer-songwriters,Musicians from Boston

paragraph: Casey Dienel

paragraph: Casey Dienel (born March 10, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She released her debut album, "Wind-Up Canary", in 2006 on Hush Records. Dienel has also performed and recorded as White Hinterland, whose first album, titled "Phylactery Factory", was released on March 4, 2008, by the independent record label Dead Oceans. Dienel plays piano, keyboards and ukulele.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Casey Dienel spent the bulk of her youth in Scituate, Massachusetts. She took her first piano lessons at age 4, and at age 14 began writing her own pop songs. While attending Scituate High School, Dienel formed a short-lived band named The Bong Loads.

paragraph: After high school, Dienel moved to Boston to attend the New England Conservatory of Music, having turned down an offer of acceptance from Sarah Lawrence College. After one semester of studying classical vocals, she opted to switch her major to classical composition. Dienel studied with many notable musicians at the conservatory, including jazz vocalist Dominique Eade and composer Lee Hyla. While living in Boston during her conservatory years, Dienel met Dylan Metrano of the band Tiger Saw, and was an occasional member of the band's rotating lineup.

paragraph: After two years at the conservatory, Dienel took an indefinite leave of absence to pursue her own music career.

paragraph: Section::::Early solo work.

paragraph: Section::::Early solo work.:"Wind-Up Canary".

paragraph: During the winter of 2005, Dienel was offered the chance to record for free at an abandoned caretaker's house on a farm in Leominster, Massachusetts. With some conservatory friends and a piano borrowed from the lobby of a local hotel, she recorded a number of her own songs without any intention of releasing them. Without Dienel's knowledge, a copy of these recordings made its way to Chad Crouch, the head of Hush Records, who contacted her about releasing an album. Dienel agreed and Hush released the recordings as "Wind-Up Canary" in March 2006 to widely favorable reviews.

paragraph: Section::::Early solo work.:"Vessels".

paragraph: On November 29, 2006, Casey Dienel announced that she was working with producer Djim Reynolds on recording an EP titled "Vessels", and that she hoped to release it in early 2007. Dienel had this to say about the project:

paragraph: To date, "Vessels" remains unreleased—however, there are live recordings and lyrics for the song available on the Internet.

paragraph: Section::::White Hinterland.

paragraph: Section::::White Hinterland.:"Phylactery Factory".

paragraph: On January 4, 2008, after a few months hinting at "change," Dienel announced in her blog that "for the present and foreseeable future, there won’t be any more Casey Dienel." Her blog post coincided with Dead Oceans' announcement of the forthcoming release of White Hinterland's album "Phylactery Factory":

paragraph: Section::::White Hinterland.:"Luniculaire".

paragraph: In 2009, White Hinterland released an EP called "Luniculaire".

paragraph: Section::::White Hinterland.:"Kairos".

paragraph: On March 9, 2010, White Hinterland released its second full-length album, "Kairos", via Dead Oceans. Pitchfork rated the album 7.5 on its 10-point scale, with reviewer Patrick Sisson writing that Dienel "swoons on 'Cataract' and 'Magnolias', two of the gorgeous tracks in which her sweet tone and confident phrasing, along with unfurled guitar melodies, recall "Bitte Orca"," the acclaimed 2009 album from the Dirty Projectors. Reviewing "Icarus", the first single off of "Kairos", Brandon Stusoy noted the songs "hushed experimental threads" and said compared to previous work, "Icarus" "pushes things deeper and then recasts it in a denser electro realm."

paragraph: White Hinterland released videos for "Kairos" songs "Amsterdam," "Begin Again," and "No Logic".

paragraph: In 2010, White Hinterland toured the US and Europe with the album. A song from this album, "Icarus", was selected by Revlon to be used in their 2010 commercial for Just Bitten Lip Stain, starring Jessica Biel and directed by Kathryn Bigelow. Later the same year, "Icarus" was featured in an episode of the ABC Family drama "Pretty Little Liars," as well the fashion show of the winner of the "Project Runway (season 8)" finale, Gretchen Jones. The song was also used in the 2010 film It's Kind of a Funny Story.

paragraph: Section::::White Hinterland.:"Baby".

paragraph: White Hinterland released its third studio album "Baby" on April 1, 2014 through Dead Oceans. Dienel made the ten-song album in a home studio she developed in the basement of her childhood home in Scituate.

paragraph: Section::::Controversy.

paragraph: In May 2016, it was reported that Justin Bieber and Skrillex were being sued for copyright infringement by White Hinterland, who claims the duo used Dienel's vocal loop from her 2014 song "Ring the Bell" without permission in the song "Sorry". Eight seconds of the "Ring the Bell" riff is allegedly used six times in "Sorry." Co-writers are also included in the suit. Producer Skrillex responded to the claim by uploading a video of himself manipulating the vocals of co-writer Julia Michaels. The lawsuit was later dropped.

paragraph: Section::::Further solo work.

paragraph: Section::::Further solo work.:"Imitation Of A Woman To Love".

paragraph: On May 18, 2017, Dienel released another album under her own name, entitled "Imitation Of A Woman To Love"; Dienel served as the album's writer, singer, producer and engineer"." She released two singles from the album: "High Times" (released April 12, 2017; Dienel played every and "Thrasher" (April 28, 2017). Writing for "Rolling Stone", Maura Johnston called the album a "sprawling, stunning collection".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: From 2008 Dienel lived in Portland, Oregon until she moved back to Scituate to make "Baby". She now lives in Brooklyn.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As Casey Dienel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wind Up Canary" (2006, Hush Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Imitation of a Woman to Love" (2017, Paddle Your Own Canoe Society)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As White Hinterland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Phylactery Factory" (2008, Dead Oceans)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Luniculaire" EP (2008, Dead Oceans)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kairos" (2010, Dead Oceans)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baby" (2014, Dead Oceans)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website: caseydienelofficial.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Musings: Casey Dienel's blog

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Casey Dienel

wikipedia_title: Casey Dienel


text: Catholic

text: bishop

text: United States

text: Diocese of Wichita

text: Kansas

text: Effingham, Illinois

text: Shumway, Illinois

text: Belleville, Illinois

text: Springfield, Illinois

text: St. Louis

text: Kenrick Seminary

text: Diocese of Springfield in Illinois

text: Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception

text: Daniel L. Ryan

text: parochial vicar

text: Decatur, Illinois

text: Collinsville, Illinois

text: pastor

text: Brussels, Illinois

text: Meppen, Illinois

text: Batchtown, Illinois

text: Mt. Zion, Illinois

text: Petersburg, Illinois

text: vicar general

text: moderator of the curia

text: Pope John Paul II

text: Prelate of Honor

text: Monsignor

text: Sherman, Illinois

text: sede vacante

text: George Lucas

text: Omaha

text: Pope Francis

text: Joseph Naumann

text: Kansas City, Kansas

text: Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception

text: Wichita

text: George Lucas

text: Omaha

text: Thomas Paprocki

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

categories: 1960 births,Roman Catholic bishops of Wichita,American Roman Catholic bishops,Religious leaders from Illinois,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,People from Effingham, Illinois,Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Illinois,Living people

paragraph: Carl A. Kemme

paragraph: Carl Alan Kemme (born August 14, 1960) is a Catholic bishop in the United States. Since 2014 he has been the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Wichita in Kansas.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Carl Alan Kemme was born in Effingham, Illinois to Donald and Marita (Kortte) Kemme. He grew up with his four brothers and one sister on a farm near Shumway, Illinois. He was educated at the local public schools before enrolling at St. Henry’s Preparatory Seminary in Belleville, Illinois where he graduated from high school. He enrolled at Immaculate Conception Seminary in Springfield, Illinois and graduated from Cardinal Glennon College in St. Louis and Kenrick Seminary in St. Louis. He was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Springfield in Illinois at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception by Bishop Daniel L. Ryan on May 10, 1986.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: After ordination Kemme served as the parochial vicar at St. Patrick Parish in Decatur, Illinois from 1986 to 1989, parochial vicar at Saints Peter and Paul Parish in Collinsville, Illinois from 1989 to 1990 and parochial vicar at Blessed Sacrament Parish in Springfield from 1990 to 1992. He served as pastor at St. Mary’s Church in Brussels, Illinois, St. Joseph Church in Meppen, Illinois, and St. Barbara Church in Batchtown, Illinois from 1992 to 1996. He was the administrator of Our Lady of the Holy Spirit Parish in Mt. Zion, Illinois from 1996 to 1997 and pastor of Holy Family Church in Decatur from 1996 to 2002. Kemme served as the priest moderator of St. James Parish in Decatur from 2001 to 2003. He served as pastor at St. Peter Church in Petersburg, Illinois from 2002 to 2005 and vicar general and moderator of the curia of the Diocese Springfield in Illinois from 2002 to 2009. On August 23, 2002 Pope John Paul II named Kemme a Prelate of Honor with the title Monsignor. He served as pastor of St. John Vianney Church in Sherman, Illinois and diocesan administrator sede vacante of the Springfield Diocese from 2009 to 2010 after Bishop George Lucas was named archbishop of Omaha. Kemme was reassigned as the vicar general and moderator of the curia of the Springfield Diocese and served from 2010 to 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopacy.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopacy.:Bishop of Wichita.

paragraph: On February 20, 2014 Pope Francis appointed Kemme to be the eleventh bishop of Wichita. He was consecrated by Archbishop Joseph Naumann of Kansas City, Kansas on May 1, 2014 in the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Wichita. Archbishop George Lucas of Omaha and Bishop Thomas Paprocki of Springfield in Illinois were the principal co-consecrators.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Wichita Official Site

description: Catholic bishop in the United States

wikidata_label: Carl A. Kemme

wikipedia_title: Carl A. Kemme