text:
Ryazan
Mongol invasion of Rus'
The Tale of the Destruction of Ryazan
Mongol invasion of Rus'
Battle of Voronezh River
destruction of Ryazan
fantasy
film
Furious (2017)
Aleksei Serebryakov

wikipedia_title:
Principality of Ryazan
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
The Tale of the Destruction of Ryazan
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
Battle of Voronezh River
Siege of Ryazan
Fantasy film
Film
Furious (2017 film)
Aleksei Serebryakov (actor)

categories: 1237 deaths,Eastern Orthodox monarchs,13th-century rulers in Europe,Grand Princes of Ryazan

paragraph: Yuri of Ryazan

paragraph: Yuri Igorevich (died December 21, 1237) also known as Yuriy Ingvarevich, was the Grand Prince of Ryazan (1235–1237) who presided over the Principality of Ryazan at the time of the Mongol invasion of Rus'.

paragraph: According to The Tale of the Destruction of Ryazan, after receiving envoys of Batu Khan in December 1237, he sent his son Fedor to negotiate with Batu, but the envoys were massacred for their defiance, the first Russian martyrs of the Mongol invasion of Rus'.

paragraph: After sacrificing his son in defense of his homeland, Prince Yuri led his army in the Battle of Voronezh River and finally perished during destruction of Ryazan.

paragraph: He was succeeded by his nephew Ingvar Ingvarevich of Ryazan (1237–1252).

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: He is a supporting character in the Russian historical fantasy film "Furious (2017)". He is played by Russian actor Aleksei Serebryakov.

wikidata_label: Yuri of Ryazan

wikipedia_title: Yuri of Ryazan


text: colonial Massachusetts

text: Puritan

text: Abenaki

text: Québec

text: King William's War

text: Raid on Haverhill

text: Merrimack River

text: Boscawen, New Hampshire

text: scalped

text: Native American

text: captivity narrative

text: folk hero

text: scalp-hunting

text: Haverhill, Massachusetts

text: infanticide

text: Roger Toothaker

text: Salem witch trials

text: King William's War

text: town was raided

text: Abenaki

text: Quebec

text: the French

text: Cotton Mather

text: Pennacook

text: Penacook

text: scourg'd

text: Worcester, Massachusetts

text: Merrimack River

text: Contoocook River

text: canoe

text: scalping

text: bounty

text: flintlock

text: musket

text: legal status

text: Province

text: Massachusetts General Court

text: Queen Anne's War

text: raid on Haverhill (1708)

text: Algonquin

text: Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville

text: Preston, Connecticut

text: Cotton Mather

text: Magnalia Christi Americana

text: Mary Rowlandson

text: Samuel Sewall

text: Quincy, Massachusetts

text: John Pike

text: literate

text: Timothy Dwight IV

text: Nathaniel Hawthorne

text: John Greenleaf Whittier

text: Henry David Thoreau

text: Native American

text: primary source

text: marble

text: Barre, Massachusetts

text: Civil War

text: Lowell, Massachusetts

text: Boscawen, New Hampshire

text: Haverhill

text: millstone

text: Daughters of the American Revolution

text: Nashua, New Hampshire

text: John Lovewell

text: Dunstable, New Hampshire

text: Worcester Society of Antiquity

text: Wentworth's Location, New Hampshire

text: Buttonwoods Museum

text: tomahawk

text: Dustin House

text: National Register of Historic Places

text: Nathaniel Hawthorne

categories: Captives of Native Americans,1730s deaths,Colonial American women in warfare,People of colonial Massachusetts,1657 births,American Puritans,Colonial American women

paragraph: Hannah Duston

paragraph: Hannah Duston (Dustin, Dustan, and Durstan) (born Hannah Emerson, December 23, 1657 – March 6, 1736, 1737 or 1738) was a colonial Massachusetts Puritan mother of nine who was taken captive by Abenaki people from Québec during King William's War, with her newborn daughter, during the Raid on Haverhill in 1697, in which 27 colonists were killed. While detained on an island in the Merrimack River in present-day Boscawen, New Hampshire, she killed and scalped ten of the Native American family members holding them hostage, with the assistance of two other captives. She claimed the Abenaki had killed her baby during the journey to the island.

paragraph: Duston's captivity narrative became famous more than 100 years after she died. During the 19th century, she was referred to as "a folk hero" and the "mother of the American tradition of scalp-hunting." Some scholars assert Duston's story only became legend in the 19th century because the United States used her story to defend its violence against Native Americans as innocent, defensive, and virtuous. Duston is believed to be the first American woman honored with a statue.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Hannah Emerson was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, to Michael Emerson and Hannah Webster Emerson; she was the oldest of 15 children. At age 20, she married Thomas Duston Jr., a farmer and brick-maker. The Emerson family had previously been the subject of attention when Elizabeth Emerson, Hannah's younger sister, was hanged for infanticide on June 8, 1693. One of Hannah's cousins, Martha Toothaker Emerson, and her father, Roger Toothaker, were accused of practicing witchcraft and tried at the Salem witch trials (1692–93).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Captivity.

paragraph: During King William's War, Hannah, her husband Thomas, and their eight children were residents of Haverhill, Massachusetts. On 15 March 1697, when she was 40 years old, the town was raided by a group of about 30 Abenaki from Quebec. In the attack, 27 colonists were killed (most of them children), and 13 were taken captive, to be either adopted or held as hostages for the French. When their farm was attacked, Thomas fled with their eight children. The Indians captured Hannah and her nurse, Mary Neff (1646-1722, nee Corliss), set fire to Hannah's home, and forced the two women to march into the wilderness, Hannah carrying her newborn daughter, Martha. According to the account Hannah gave to Cotton Mather, along the way her captors killed six-day-old Martha by smashing her head against a tree:

paragraph: About 19 or 20 Indians now led these away, with about half a score of other English captives, but ere they had gone many steps, they dash'd out the brains of the infant against a tree, and several of the other captives, as they began to tire in the sad journey, were soon sent unto their long home.

paragraph: Hannah and Mary were assigned to a family group of 12 persons (probably Pennacooks) and taken north, "unto a rendezvous...somewhere beyond Penacook; and they still told these poor women that when they came to this town, they must be stript, and scourg'd, and run the gauntlet through the whole army of Indians." The group included Samuel Lennardson (1683-1718, also spelled Leonardson, Lenorson or Lennarson), a 14-year-old captured in Worcester, Massachusetts in late 1695.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Massacre and escape.

paragraph: On April 29 or 30, at an island in the Merrimack River at the mouth of the Contoocook River, Hannah led Mary and Samuel in a revolt:

paragraph: ...furnishing themselves with hatchets for the purpose, they struck home such blows upon the heads of their sleeping oppressors, that ere they could any of them struggle...they fell down dead.

paragraph: Hannah used a hatchet to kill one of the two grown men (Lennardson killed the second), two adult women, and six children. According to Cotton Mather's account, Hannah and her partners let one of the children sleep, "intending to bring him away with them," but the boy awoke and escaped. One severely wounded Abenaki woman also managed to escape the attack.

paragraph: The former captives immediately left in a canoe, but not before scalping the dead as proof of the incident and to collect a bounty. They went downriver, traveling only during the night, and after several days reached Haverhill.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Reward.

paragraph: A few days later, Thomas Duston brought Hannah, Samuel and Mary to Boston, along with the scalps, the hatchet and a flintlock musket they had taken from the Indians. Although New Hampshire had become a colony in its own right in 1680, the Merrimack River and its adjacent territories were considered part of Massachusetts, therefore Hannah and the other former captives applied to the Massachusetts Government for the scalp bounty. The state of Massachusetts had posted a bounty of 50 pounds per scalp in September 1694, which was reduced to 25 pounds in June 1695, and then entirely repealed in December 1696. Wives had no legal status in those days, so her husband petitioned the Legislature on behalf of Hannah Duston, requesting that the bounties for the scalps be paid, even though the law providing for them had been repealed:

paragraph: The Humble Petition of Thomas Durstan of Haverhill Sheweth That the wife of ye petitioner (with one Mary Neff) hath in her Late captivity among the Barbarous Indians, been disposed & assisted by heaven to do an extraordinary action, in the just slaughter of so many of the Barbarians, as would by the law of the Province which [only] a few months ago, have entitled the actors unto considerable recompense from the Publick. That tho the [want] of that good Law [warrants] no claims to any such consideration from the publick, yet your petitioner humbly [asserts] that the merit of the action still remains the same; & it seems a matter of universal desire thro the whole Province that it should not pass unrecompensed... Your Petitioner, Thomas Durstun

paragraph: On June 16, 1697 the Massachusetts General Court voted to give them a reward for killing their captors; Hannah Duston received 25 pounds, and Neff and Lennardson split another 25 pounds:

paragraph: Vote for allowing fifty pounds to Thomas Dustun in behalf of his wife Hannah, and to Mary Neff, and Samuel Leonardson, captives escaped from the Indians, for their service in slaying their captors. Voted, in concurrence with the representatives, that there be allowed and ordered, out of the public treasury, unto Thomas Dunston of Haverhill, on behalf of Hannah his wife, the sum of twenty-five pounds; to Mary Neffe, the sum of twelve pounds ten shillings; and to Samuel Leonardson, the sum of twelve pounds ten shillings...as a reward for their service.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: Following her return, Hannah gave birth to a daughter, Lydia, in October, 1698. Her neighbor Hannah Heath Bradley, who had also been abducted in the 1697 raid (and two of her children killed), was held for nearly two years before she was ransomed, returning to Haverhill in 1699. During Queen Anne's War Indians raided Haverhill again in 1704 and 1707. In yet another raid on Haverhill (1708), Algonquin and Abenaki Indians led by the French officer Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville killed sixteen, including the town's minister.

paragraph: Hannah Duston is believed to have died in Haverhill between 1736 and 1738. Samuel Lennardson moved to Preston, Connecticut where he married and had five children. He died on May 11, 1718. Mary Neff died in Haverhill on 17 October, 1722. In 1739 Mary Neff's son Joseph was granted two hundred acres of land at Penacook by the General Court of New Hampshire "in consideration of his mother's services in assisting Hannah Duston in killing divers Indians."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Written accounts.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Written accounts.:Contemporary accounts.

paragraph: The event became well known, due in part to Cotton Mather's account in "Magnalia Christi Americana: The Ecclesiastical History of New England" (1702). Mather interviewed Hannah after her return to Haverhill, and on May 6, 1697, he preached a sermon celebrating her return from captivity, with Hannah herself in the audience. He later published the story three times in five years: in "Humiliations follow’d with Deliverances" (1697), "Decennium Luctuosum" (1699), and in "Magnalia Christi Americana" (1702). Mather titled the story "A Notable Exploit: "Dux Faemina Facti,"" and compared Hannah Duston's escape to the captivity narratives of Hannah Swarton (captured in 1690) and Mary Rowlandson (captured in 1675).

paragraph: Hannah's story also appears in the diary of Samuel Sewall, who had heard the story directly from her on May 12, 1697, less than two weeks after her escape. Sewall's account adds the detail that the night before their escape, a friendly Indian showed Samuel Lennardson how to take a scalp:

paragraph: April 29...is signalized by the achievement of Hannah Dustun, Mary Neff, and Samuel Lennerson, who killed two men, their masters, and two women and six others, and have brought in ten scalps...May 12:...Hannah Dustan came to see us; . . . She said her master, whom she kill'd did formerly live with Mr. Roulandson at Lancaster...The single man shewed the night before, to Saml Lenarson, how he used to knock Englishmen on the head and take off their Scalps; little thinking that the Captives would make some of their first experiment upon himself. Sam. Lenarson kill'd him.

paragraph: Hannah's story is recorded in the diary of John Marshall (1634-1732), a bricklayer in Quincy, Massachusetts, who wrote the following entry for April 29, 1697:

paragraph: At the latter end of this month two women and a young lad that had been taken captive from Haverhill in March before, watching their opportunity when the Indians were asleep, killed ten of them, scalped them all and came home to Boston. [They] brought a gun with them and some other things. The chief of these Indians took one of the women captive when she had lain in childbed but a few days, and knocked her child in [the] head before her eyes, which woman killed and scalped that very Indian.

paragraph: Another reference to Hannah Duston is found in the journal of John Pike (1634–1714, son of New Jersey judge John Pike), in the following entry:

paragraph: March 15: The Indians fell upon some part of Haverhill about seven this morning, killed and carried away thirty-nine or forty persons; two of these Captive women, viz. Dunstan and Neff with another young man, slew ten of the Indians and returned home with ye scalps.

paragraph: Although Hannah herself never provided a written account of her captivity and escape (there is no evidence that she was literate), the Haverhill Historical Society possesses a letter dated May 17, 1724, addressed to the elders of the church, declaring her desire to be admitted as a full member of the church so that she might take communion with the other congregants, and offering a confession. It seems likely to have been composed from dictation by her minister. In reference to her captivity, the letter states simply:

paragraph: I am Thankful for my Captivity, twas the Comfortablest time that ever I had; In my Affliction God made his Word Comfortable to me.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Written accounts.:Later renditions.

paragraph: After Cotton Mather's death, Hannah Duston's story was largely forgotten until it was included in "Travels in New England and New York" by Timothy Dwight IV, published in 1821. After this, Duston became more famous in the 19th century as her story was retold by Nathaniel Hawthorne, John Greenleaf Whittier, and Henry David Thoreau. From the 1820s until the 1870s, Duston's story was included in nearly all books about American history, as well as many biographies, children's books, and magazine articles. The story was popular among white Americans when the country was engaged in the westward expansion, which increased conflict with the Native American groups living in places where settlers wanted to live. In the 1830s and later, the story was partially sanitized by not mentioning the six children that Duston killed.

paragraph: Later versions of the story added numerous details (including dialogue and the names of the Indians) not found in any primary source. Haverhill tradition, recorded in Mirick's "History of Haverhill" (1832), adds the details that Hannah was wearing only one shoe when she was captured, that her daughter was thrown against an apple tree from which local people remembered eating fruit, and that the captives had already started down the river when Hannah insisted that they return to take the Indian scalps.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Memorials.

paragraph: There are six memorials to Hannah Duston.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Memorials.:Aborted first memorial (erected 1861-1865).

paragraph: The campaign to build the first monument in Haverhill, Massachusetts, began in 1852, at a time when building public monuments was still a somewhat rare occurrence. The monument chosen was a simple marble column that would cost about $1,350, and by 1861 the necessary funds had been raised. The monument was erected in June 1861, at the site of Duston's capture, but it was never fully paid for. After successfully suing the association, the builders removed the monument in August 1865, erased the inscription, engraved a new one, and resold it to the town of Barre, Massachusetts, where it stands to this day as a memorial to that town's Civil War soldiers.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Memorials.:First successful memorial (erected 1874).

paragraph: Now known as Hannah Duston Memorial State Historic Site, the first Duston memorial actually executed was sculpted by William Andrews, a marble worker from Lowell, Massachusetts. It was erected in 1874 on the island in Boscawen, New Hampshire, where Duston killed her captors. Huge crowds overwhelmed the island on the day of its dedication, with speeches presented all day long. It was the first publicly funded statue in New Hampshire.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Memorials.:Second memorial (erected 1879).

paragraph: In 1879, a bronze statue of Hannah Duston grasping a tomahawk was created by Calvin H. Weeks (1834–1907) in Haverhill town square (now Grand Army Park), where it still stands. The monument stands on the site of the Haverhill Center Congregational Church, of which Hannah Duston became a member in 1724. It depicts Hannah wearing only one shoe, as per Haverhill tradition.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Memorials.:Third memorial (1902).

paragraph: In 1902 a millstone was placed on the shores of the Merrimack River where Hannah, Mary, and Samuel beached their canoe upon their return to Haverhill.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Memorials.:Fourth memorial (1902).

paragraph: In 1902 a fourth memorial was placed by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Nashua, New Hampshire, at the site of John Lovewell's home (part of Dunstable, New Hampshire in Lovewell's time), where Hannah, Mary, and Samuel spent the night on their way home from captivity.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Memorials.:Fifth memorial (inscribed in 1908).

paragraph: The fifth memorial was created in 1908, when an inscription was placed on a boulder in memorial to both Hannah and Martha. The boulder was placed on the site of Hannah's son Jonathan's home in Haverhill, where Hannah lived her final years. Hannah Duston died at this location "circa" 1736, 1737 or 1738. Haverhill public library records say it took 30 horses with 14 drivers to haul the 30-ton boulder to its present location.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Memorials.:Leonardson Memorial (1910).

paragraph: The Worcester Society of Antiquity sponsored the bronze "Lenorson" tablet (using the spelling they considered correct) and dedicated it on October 22, 1910. The "Worcester Sunday Telegram" reported it was hung on the Davis Tower in Lake Park, at the site of the Lenorson boyhood home. It was reported stolen in 1969 and has not been recovered.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Memorials.:Mount Dustan.

paragraph: Mount Dustan in Wentworth's Location, New Hampshire, was named after Hannah Duston sometime before 1870, using an alternate spelling of her last name.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Duston hatchet.

paragraph: The original small axe or hatchet held by Hannah Duston can be found today in the Buttonwoods Museum. The Duston hatchet is not a tomahawk; it is usually called a Biscayan or biscayenne, a common trade item of the late 17th-century New England frontier. It is on display with the knife she allegedly used to scalp her victims, along with her letter of confession petitioning to join the Center Congregational Church of Haverhill.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Commemorative structures.

paragraph: Other commemorations, all in the city of Haverhill, include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dustin House, built by Hannah's husband Thomas Duston after the Indians burned his first home, and which is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places

paragraph: BULLET::::- The former Hannah Dustin Elementary School, which closed in the 1980s

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hannah Duston Healthcare Center

paragraph: Section::::Controversy.

paragraph: Today, Hannah Duston's actions in freeing herself from captivity are controversial. Some Americans celebrate her as a hero, while others are more tempered in their commemoration of her, given the killing of her captors. Some commentators have said her legend is racist and glorifies violence.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Original Documents Related to "The Duston Family"

paragraph: BULLET::::- HannahDuston.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- HawthorneInSalem gives Nathaniel Hawthorne's version

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smithsonian Institution - Hannah Dustin Statues

paragraph: BULLET::::- , A documentary on Hannah Dustin by a Haverhill, MA filmmaker

alias:
Hannah Dustin
Hannah Dustan
Hannah Durstan
Hannah Emerson

description: colonial Massachusetts Puritan

wikidata_label: Hannah Duston

wikipedia_title: Hannah Duston


text:
West Down
Chief Baron of the Exchequer
John Prince's
Worthies of Devon
West Down
Devon
Inn of Court
called to the bar
serjeant at law
King's Serjeant
Edward III
Kent
Causeway
Barnstaple
Pilton
meander
River Yeo
Barnstaple
Woolacombe Tracy
Prince, John

categories: Lawyers from Devon,English barristers,1290 births,1372 deaths,People from North Devon (district)

paragraph: John Stowford

paragraph: Sir John Stowford (c.1290 – c.1372) of Stowford, West Down in Devon, was Chief Baron of the Exchequer in 1346. He is one of John Prince's "Worthies of Devon".

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was born at the family estate of Stowford in the parish of West Down in North Devon.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: It is not known at which Inn of Court he trained as a lawyer, but he was called to the bar and became a serjeant at law. In 1341 he was appointed King's Serjeant to King Edward III. In 1346 he was knighted and was appointed Chief Baron of the Exchequer. In 1349 he was appointed one of the Justices Itinerant for the county of Kent.

paragraph: Section::::Builds Pilton Causeway.

paragraph: Stowford built Pilton Causeway which links the towns of Barnstaple and Pilton, which were then separated by the treacherous marshy ground in which flowed the tidal meanders of the small River Yeo. It is recounted by Prince that Stowford decided on building the causeway when on his way from his home at Stowford to Barnstaple, he met whilst fording the Yeo, the drowned bodies of a woman with her child. He is also believed to have contributed to the financing of the long-bridge in Barnstaple.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: He married Joan Tracy, a co-heiress of the Tracy family of Woolacombe Tracy, Devon.

paragraph: Section::::Death & burial.

paragraph: He died at Stowford and was buried in the Stowford Chapel in the north transept of West Down Church, where survives his much-worn life-size effigy carved in oak, dressed in his robes of office, set on the floor under a low recessed arch set into the north wall. The colouring of the effigy was renewed in 1873, but no trace survives today.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 55, biography of Sir John Stowford

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince, John, (1643–1723) The Worthies of Devon, 1810 edition, pp. 727–729, biography of Sir John Stowford

alias:
Sir John Stowford
John Stouford
John Stonford

description: English judge, Chief Baron of the Exchequer

wikidata_label: John Stowford

wikipedia_title: John Stowford


text:
astrologer
Electoral Palatinate
Heidelberg
Elector Palatine
Johannes Trithemius
Faust
University of Leipzig
Cracow
Albertus de Brudzewo
Johannes de Glogovia
Cracow
Lynn Thorndike

categories: 1455 births,People from the Electoral Palatinate,German astrologers,Year of death missing

paragraph: Johannes Virdung

paragraph: Johann, Hans or Johannes Virdung of Hassfurt was a celebrated astrologer of the early sixteenth century from the Electoral Palatinate. He had an official position at Heidelberg, at the court of the Elector Palatine. He wrote various works under generic names ("Prognosticon", "Practica"), including a millennarian work, "Practica von dem Entchrist" around 1510.

paragraph: He was a correspondent of Johannes Trithemius. One of the early sources for the Faust legend occurs in a letter of Trithemius to Virdung.

paragraph: Virdung studied at the University of Leipzig beginning in 1481, then in Cracow from 1484 to 1486 or 1487. He returned to Leipzig in 1487, where he graduated as a "Magister" in 1491. It has been suggested that Virdung was of the school of the astronomer Albertus de Brudzewo, and had studied with him and Johannes de Glogovia in Cracow.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Steinmetz (1986), "Johann Virdung von Hassfurt, sein Leben und seine astrologischen Flugschriften", in "Astrologi hallucinati, stars at the end of the world in Luther's time"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lynn Thorndike "Johann Virdung of Hassfurt again" Isis 25, 1936, p. 363; "Faust and Johann Virdung of Hassfurt", Isis 26, 1936/37, p. 321; "Another Virdung Manuscript", Isis 34, 1942/43, p. 291; "Johann Virdung of Hassfurt: dates of birth and death", Isis 37, 1947, p. 74

description: German astrologer

wikidata_label: Johannes Virdung

wikipedia_title: Johannes Virdung


text: Moscow

text: Elena Firsova

text: Dmitri Smirnov

text: Slade School of Fine Art

text: Prince's Drawing School

text: Prince's Drawing School

text: Slade School of Fine Art

text: St Pancras New Church

text: Frameless Gallery

text: Frameless Gallery

text: Brunel Museum

text: Pushkin House (Russian Cultural Centre)

text: Velázquez

text: Financial Times

text: Philip Firsov on Wikilivres.ru

text: Philip Firsov Art

text: Philip Firsov on Saatchi online

text: Svetlana by Firsov

categories: 21st-century Russian painters,20th-century Russian sculptors,Russian male sculptors,21st-century Russian sculptors,Alumni of Central Saint Martins,1985 births,British male painters,Russian male painters,British male sculptors,21st-century British painters,Living people,British sculptors,Alumni of the Slade School of Art

paragraph: Philip Firsov

paragraph: Philip Firsov (born 8 April 1985 in Moscow) is a British painter and sculptor of Russian origin.

paragraph: Born in Moscow in the family of two Russian composers Elena Firsova and Dmitri Smirnov, he left Russia in the age of 6. The family settled in England. From the age of 15 he studied art privately with Russian Artist and Restorer Alexander Kolesnik, and then continued his education in Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, Foundation, Slade School of Fine Art, BA in Fine Art, and Prince's Drawing School, Post Graduate Scheme.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014–2016: Studied Historic and Ornamental Woodcarving, Diploma at City and Guilds School of Art in Kennington Park Rd. London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008–2009: Prince's Drawing School, Post Graduate Scheme

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Artist in Residence, Cucuteni Symposium "Human", Iasi, Romania; Diploma of Excellence

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Painting Symposium, Campina, Romania; Diploma of Excellence

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004–2008: Slade School of Fine Art, BA in Fine Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003–2004: Central Saint Martin’s, Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000–2005: Privately studied Atelier of Russian Artist and Restorer, Alexander Kolesnik, Acme Studios, Deptford

paragraph: Section::::Solo exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: 1 July. Dante Divine Comedy etchings. Official artist. Russian Summer Ball, The Honorable Artillery Company, City Road, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: 1 July. Dante Divine Comedy etchings. Russian Jubilee Ball, Foyer, Draper's Hall, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: December. Solo Exhibition No. 1 Primrose Street, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: July. Official artist. Russian Summer Ball, Lancaster House, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: November. Divine Comedy Triptych, ink drawing at Teatro della Tosse, Piazza Renato Negri, 6, Genova GE, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: August. Divine Comedy Triptych, ink drawing at Chiesa di San Rocco, Corso IV Novembre, Asiago, Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: July. Official artist. Russian Summer Ball, Lancaster House, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: July. Official artist. Russian Summer Ball, Cavalry and Guards Club, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: 26 November – 1 December. "Entwined" The Crypt Gallery St Pancras New Church, Euston Rd NW1 London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: September. Nati Gallery, 22 Warren Street, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: October Solo Exhibition, Nati Gallery, Warren Street London W1T 5LU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: Februaery Philip Firsov and Phoebe Cope. TwentyTwo to TwentySix. London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: 9–18 May "My Russia ReDrawn" — Solo Exhibition at Frameless Gallery, 20 Clerkenwell Green, London EC1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: October/November "Exodus" — Solo Exhibition at Frameless Gallery, 20 Clerkenwell Green, London EC1

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: October Solo Exhibition in Supperclub Aclam Rd Portobello

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Exhibition of Cupola Gallery, Iasi, Romania

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Exhibition of sculptures and films, Brunel Museum, Rotherhithe, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: Artist in Residence, Dartington Summer Music Festival (Devon), Shipon Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: Artist in Residence, Oxford Contemporary Music Festival, Jacqueline du Pré music Building, St. Hilda's College, Oxford

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: Cheltenham Triptych of Paintings, The Pitville Pump Room, Cheltenham Music Festival, Cheltenham

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: Sculpture Installation, Window Gallery Central Saint Martin’s, Charing Cross Road, London

paragraph: Section::::Selected group exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: June. Etchings. Hampstead Art Fair, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: April. Oxford and Cambridge Club, Pall Mall, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: September. Parergon Gallery, Shepherd's Market, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: November. Hanover Music Society. Exhibition of 3 paintings on Kubla Khan. Projection of works on Music Stage during the concert.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: October, Group Show Assisi Galleria Comunale. Contemporary Art Residency Ginestrelle. Sculpture of St Francis (in wood).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: June–August, Summer Contemporary, Fulham Art Fair by Salon Art Bizarre in association with Unique Art Gallery on 595 King’s Road.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: 7–21 June, Art Exhibition '20 years of Russians in Britain', Europa Gallery, Sutton Library, St.Nicholas Way, Sutton, Surrey SM1 1EA

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: Dialects: Part 1, Pushkin House (Russian Cultural Centre), Bloomsbury Way

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: Paintings in Association with Salon Russe, Brunel Museum, Rotherhithe, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: Russian Winter Season, 54 Gallery, Mayfair, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: Paintings, Sculptures and Films at MC Motors, Dalston

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: Film screenings Melange Social Club, Hackney, London

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MAY 2007: NOMI (NEW WORLD OF ART) Pictures of artists work and article

paragraph: BULLET::::- May 2007: London Info and Anglia Russian Newspapers, Photos of my work and articles about Dialects

paragraph: BULLET::::- May 2007: Financial Times, Review, written by Jackie Wullschlager, Chief Editor.

paragraph: Section::::Life and Arts Critics Choice.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: Philip Firsov and Phoebe Cope. TwentyTwo to TwentySix. London.: "Russian born Philip Firsov is an inventive painter and sculptor who is able to transform art-historical sources — ranging from constructivism to Velázquez — into narratives of his own making referencing just as vividly today's jumbled information overload; his latest work "The Couple", theatrical, lavish in detail and execution, points to a new assurance." "Jackie Wullschlager. Critic's choice Review in "Financial Times". Life & Arts, 15. 18 February 2012."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: 24 Hour Museum and Timeout London: Timeout: Man of Iron: Sculpture Exhibition, The Brunel Museum, Rotherhithe, Articles about Artist's work

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 August 5: "Financial Times" Critic's choice Review written by Jackie Wullschlager, Chief Editor.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip Firsov on Wikilivres.ru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip Firsov Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip Firsov on Saatchi online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Svetlana by Firsov

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beyond the froth and jargon By Jackie Wullschlager

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Philip Firsov

wikipedia_title: Philip Firsov


text:
Australian rules football
Australian Football League
Western Bulldogs
2001 AFL Draft
2002
2007 season
North Melbourne
2007 AFL Draft
Carlton
Coburg Tigers
Victorian Football League
Luke
Brisbane Lions

categories: People educated at Trinity Grammar School (Victoria),North Melbourne Football Club players,1983 births,Western Bulldogs players,Living people,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

paragraph: Sam Power

paragraph: Sam Power (born 2 July 1983) is an Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL).

paragraph: Power started his career at the Western Bulldogs. The Bulldogs selected him in the 2001 AFL Draft, with their first round selection, number 10 overall. Power made his debut in 2002, playing six games, and amassed 84 games in total over five years with the Bulldogs.

paragraph: After being unable to hold a consistent senior spot in the 2007 season, Power requested a trade. North Melbourne expressed interest and traded their draft pick number 48 in the 2007 AFL Draft in return for Power.

paragraph: At North Melbourne, Power was a regular senior player being used in the hard running, run-with player role. 2009 saw an up and down season for both Power, and the football club, with his place in the side coming under question due to a push towards youth, with an eye to the future. At the end of the 2009 season, his contract was not renewed and he was delisted.

paragraph: In 2017, Power was appointed list manager of the Bulldogs. He had previously worked at Carlton from 2013 in scouting, as an integrity officer, and as a company secretary.

paragraph: Power currently plays for the Coburg Tigers in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

paragraph: Power's older brother, Luke, is a multiple premiership winning player with the Brisbane Lions.

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Sam Power

wikipedia_title: Sam Power


text: the Queen of Western Francia

text: King Lothair

text: Louis V

text: Lothair II of Italy

text: Adelaide of Italy

text: Berengar of Ivrea

text: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Otto II

text: Duke Charles of Lower Lorraine

text: Ascelin, Bishop of Laon

text: Adalberon, Archbishop of Rheims

text: Hugh Capet

text: Boleslaus II

text: Emma of Mělník

text: Oldřich

text: Boleslaus II

text: Oldřich

text: Jaromír

text: Boleslaus III of Bohemia

text: Adiva

text: Boleslaus II

text: Otto II

text: German King

text: Henry II

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Prague

text: Mělník

text: denar

text: Duchy of Bohemia

text: Kingdom of Bohemia

text: Carolingian

categories: Carolingian dynasty,French queens consort,Bosonids,10th-century French people,10th-century French women,11th-century French women,Frankish queens consort,Year of death unknown,11th-century French people,10th-century people from West Francia,948 births

paragraph: Emma of Italy

paragraph: Emma of Italy ("Emma d'Italie"; c. 948 – after 987) was the Queen of Western Francia as the wife of King Lothair, whom she married in 965. Their son, Louis V, was the last Carolingian King.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born around 948, Emma was the only child of Lothair II of Italy and Adelaide of Italy. Her father was poisoned in 950 by his political rival, Berengar of Ivrea. Berengar attempted to marry Emma’s mother, who had a claim to the kingdom, to his own son; she defied him, however, and married the German king Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor instead, by whom she had Otto II.

paragraph: In 977, Queen Emma was accused by her brother-in-law, Duke Charles of Lower Lorraine, of infidelity with Ascelin, Bishop of Laon. The Queen and Bishop were exonerated by the Synod of Sainte-Macre, led by Adalberon, Archbishop of Rheims, and Charles was forced to flee Western Francia. Emma, to ensure her son’s succession, then persuaded Lothair to crown him as associated king; Lothair did so, but refused to let him have any real power.

paragraph: Emma’s marriage to Lothair was marked by hostilities between her husband and her half-brother, Otto II, each invading the other’s territories, and attempting to destabilise each other, often through the intermediary of Lothair’s brother, Charles (who as Duke of Lower Lorraine was a vassal of the Emperor). The final years of their marriage, however, from 980 onwards, saw peace between Lothair and his in-laws; when Otto II died, he was even advanced as guardian of the young King.

paragraph: Lothair died on 2 March 986, and their young son Louis became king. However, he promptly drove Emma and Bishop Ascelin of Laon from the court, accusing them of having poisoned Lothair. Louis then died on 22 May 987, without an heir. In the following months, her brother-in-law Charles seized the royal capital of Laon and declared himself king; Hugh Capet, Duke of the Franks, was elected and crowned king by the agencies of Adalberon on 3 July 987. In the resulting conflicts, Ascelin betrayed Charles to Hugh Capet, as a result of which the last Carolingian was imprisoned in Orleans.

paragraph: Emma's doings following the death of her son are unclear; she is believed to have died in a Burgundian convent or married Duke Boleslaus II (being identical to Emma of Mělník) and possibly had a son called Oldřich.

paragraph: Section::::Hypothetical second union in Bohemia.

paragraph: According to some historians, she may have married Boleslaus II about the year 989 and died either in 1005 or 1006. It was traditionally supposed by Czech historians that Emma was the mother of Boleslaus' younger sons Oldřich and Jaromír and that the mother of the oldest son, Boleslaus III of Bohemia, was Adiva, the first wife of Boleslaus II.

paragraph: After death of her second husband and afraid of Boleslaus III, Emma chose to go into exile at the court of Bavaria (as she was stepsister of former Emperor Otto II) in 1001 together with her (step)sons Oldřich and Jaromír. The brothers sought military backing from the German King Henry II. This action definitively placed Bohemia within the jurisdiction of the Holy Roman Empire.

paragraph: In 1004, Jaromír occupied Prague with a German army and made himself duke. Emma came back to Bohemia, maybe living in town Mělník, where she died.

paragraph: The proof of a Bohemian marriage are denars with the inscription ENMA REGINA ("Queen Emma", not duchess). In that time Bohemia was a Duchy of Bohemia, not yet a Kingdom of Bohemia, but she was still an anointed queen of Western Francia. Through her the following Dukes of Bohemia became also offspring of Carolingian.

paragraph: This second wedding are not accepted by the majority of historians.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women's Biography: Emma, queen of the Franks"

description: Queen of Franks

wikidata_label: Emma of Italy

wikipedia_title: Emma of Italy


text:
American football
punter
placekicker
National Football League
Cleveland Browns
Phil Dawson
Lou Groza
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Dave Green
American Football Conference
Oakland Raiders
touchdown
Ron Bolton
Red Right 88
Steve Little
St. Louis Cardinals
Russell Erxleben
New Orleans Saints
Frank Corral
Los Angeles Rams
Interview with Don Cockroft
Dan Coughlin
Cleveland Public Library

categories: Adams State Grizzlies football players,American football punters,American football placekickers,Cleveland Browns players,Players of American football from Colorado,Players of American football from Wyoming,1945 births,Sportspeople from Cheyenne, Wyoming,Living people

paragraph: Don Cockroft

paragraph: Donald Lee Cockroft (born February 6, 1945) is a former American football punter and placekicker who played thirteen seasons in the National Football League with the Cleveland Browns. He has the third most career points for a Brown behind fellow kickers Phil Dawson (second) and Lou Groza.

paragraph: Cockroft served as the Browns' primary punter and placekicker for the first nine seasons of his career. In 1977, he dropped punting from his duties and became solely a placekicker. He and Tampa Bay Buccaneers kicker/punter Dave Green were two of the last NFL players to lead their teams in both punting and kicking in the same season (1976).

paragraph: He was involved in the January 4, 1981, American Football Conference divisional play-off game versus the Oakland Raiders. Cockroft missed field goals from 47 and 30-yards in the second quarter. The Browns scored a touchdown on a 42-yard interception by Ron Bolton with 6:02 left in the second quarter, but the extra point attempt by Cockroft was blocked. Cleveland would lose the game 14-12, a game which is nicknamed, Red Right 88.

paragraph: Later NFL players to have this dual distinction were Steve Little of the St. Louis Cardinals in 1979, Russell Erxleben of the New Orleans Saints briefly in 1979 and 1980, and Frank Corral for the Los Angeles Rams in 1980 and 1981.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Don Cockroft conducted by Dan Coughlin at the Cleveland Public Library Sports Research Center on August 8, 2013.

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Don Cockroft

wikipedia_title: Don Cockroft


text:
football
defender
Troyes AC
SC Bastia
Ligue 2
Ligue 2
AS Monaco
Arles-Avignon
Strasbourg
Ajaccio

categories: Troyes AC players,Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine,Ligue 2 players,1984 births,Association football defenders,Ligue 1 players,SC Bastia players,AC Ajaccio players,RC Strasbourg Alsace players,People from Villeneuve-la-Garenne,AJ Auxerre players,French people of Guadeloupean descent,French footballers,AC Arles-Avignon players,AS Monaco FC players,Living people

paragraph: Éric Marester

paragraph: Éric Marester (born 12 June 1984) is a French football defender. He spent his career playing for Troyes AC over ten years including SC Bastia in the French Ligue 2, for whom he played between 2005 and 2007 on two consecutives loans.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: On 20 July 2011, Marester signed a two-year contract with Ligue 2 side AS Monaco. He signed for Arles-Avignon in the 2012–2013 season.

paragraph: In July 2015, he joined Strasbourg from Ajaccio.

description: French footballer

wikidata_label: Eric Marester

wikipedia_title: Éric Marester


text:
House of Coligny
Gaspard II de Coligny
Charlotte de Laval
Coligny-le-Vieux
Andelot
St Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Marseille
Rouerge
Languedoc
duke of Montmorency
Lesdiguières
Dauphiné
Savoy
Vivarais
siege of Paris
Catholic League
Lyon
Pierre Scize
duke of Nemours
Henry IV of France
Langres
Champagne
Champagne
Coligny-le-Vieil
Andelot
Archduke Albert
Clériadus de Coligny
Order of the Holy Spirit
Order of Saint Michael
Bérulle
Oratorian
Sébastien Zamet
Chaumont-en-Bassigny
Bernard of Clairvaux
Coligny-le-Vieux
Simon de Pouilly
Loupy
Créanges

categories: French people of the French Wars of Religion,House of Coligny

paragraph: Charles de Coligny

paragraph: Charles de Coligny (1564-1632) was a member of the House of Coligny. The youngest of the three children of Gaspard II de Coligny and Charlotte de Laval, he became marquis of Coligny-le-Vieux, Andelot and Saint-Bris, baron of Lanty and lord of Dinteville, Dannemarie, Auxon and Cusey. He was the only one of Gaspard and Charlotte's children to be baptized a Protestant and the only one to convert to Roman Catholicism.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was captured after the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre and imprisoned in Marseille until freed in May 1576. He then fought for the King of Navarre alongside his brother in the Rouerge and Languedoc. In August 1577 he and his brother recaptured the town of Mauguio and Charles was left behind to garrison it. In June 1585 he raised an infantry regiment and led it on campaign in Languedoc until 1587 as part of the duke of Montmorency's force. He fought alongside Lesdiguières in summer 1587 in the Dauphiné, Savoy and Vivarais.

paragraph: He was captured again in July 1590 during the siege of Paris, before switching to the Catholic League and converting to Roman Catholicism. He based himself in Lyon and was imprisoned for a time at Pierre Scize on the orders of the duke of Nemours in 1593. In 1596 he became a gentleman in ordinary to Henry IV of France. In 1598 he was made a maréchal de camp, in 1604 governor of Langres and in 1608 lieutenant general to the government of Champagne - he gave up the lieutenancy generalship in 1615 in favour of his eldest son. From 1615 to 1616 he was put in command of a small force sent against the rebel princes such as Luxembourg in the Champagne - commanding 2,500 infantry and 600 cavalry he besieged Varennes and Soyeras in Bassigny then Brienne and Rosnay. In 1617 he was made freeholder of Coligny-le-Vieil and Andelot by Archduke Albert. Coligny-le-Vieux and Andelot were promoted into marquisates in his favour, but in 1629 he sold them both to his cousin Clériadus de Coligny. On 31 December 1619 he was made a knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit and the Order of Saint Michael.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: He married Humberte or Huberte de Chastenay, lady of Lanty and Dinteville.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.:Joachim François.

paragraph: Joachim-François, marquis d’Andelot, mestre-de-camp to a 1200 strong infantry regiment and his father's successor as lieutenant governor of Champagne (1615). He campaigned in Italy and in 1623 presented himself to Monsieur de Bérulle for reception into the Oratorian order in Paris. He was ordained a priest by Sébastien Zamet, bishop of Langres, in February 1625. He became head of the new Company of the Holy Sacrament in 1631 and founded a 'carmel' at Chaumont-en-Bassigny as well as making many gifts to Châtillon. After his brother's death he retired to Lanty and fell sick in 1654. He moved to Châtillon and made his will before dying on 18 October 1654 - after receiving the last rites he cried out "I die a child of the Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church". His body was buried in the castle church at Châtillon and his heart in Lenty.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.:Bernard.

paragraph: Born in 1605, he owed his name to his recovery from illness aged six months on 7 February 1609, after his father prayed for the intercession of saint Bernard of Clairvaux. He became marquis of Coligny-le-Vieux, Andelot and Saint-Bris, baron of Lanty and Dinteville and lieutenant-général of Champagne. In 1625 he married Gabrielle de Pouilly, daughter of Simon de Pouilly, baron of Esne and Manonville, lord of Loupy, marshal of Barrois, governor of Stenay, and his wife Françoise de Berniaut. He died without issue in 1627 and his widow remarried to Claude-Roger de Cominges, marquis of Vervins.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.:Marguerite-Marie.

paragraph: In 1621 she married Pierre-Ernest, sovereign count of Créanges and in 1650 (after 14 years as a widow) to Charles-Étienne d’Hury de Boutenay, count of Hombourg, baron of Lenty, grand-tranchant de France, who died aged 63 in 1686. Marguerite-Marie died in 1672 and was buried at Les Carmélites de Chaumont-en-Bassigny, founded by her brother.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roch de Pillot de Coligny (Axor-Danaé éditeur), "Histoire généalogique de la maison de Coligny"

wikidata_label: Charles de Coligny

wikipedia_title: Charles de Coligny


text:
mujtahid
Assembly of Experts for Constitution

categories: 20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam,Islamic Republican Party politicians,Iranian educators,1930 births,Iranian women in politics,Iranian people of Georgian descent,living people,Women scholars of Islam,Members of the Assembly of Experts for Constitution

paragraph: Monireh Gorji

paragraph: Monireh Gorji () is an Iranian teacher and "mujtahid". She was the only woman to be elected to the 73-seats Assembly of Experts for Constitution in 1979.

description: Iranian politician

wikidata_label: Monireh Gorji

wikipedia_title: Monireh Gorji


text:
Chalcedon
Monte Kronio
hermetical
saint
Catholic
Orthodox
Orthodox Church
bishop
deacon
Arianism
Africa
Messina
Catholic Church
Lipari
Aeolian Islands
Monte Kronio
Palermo
Agrigento
Saint Gerland

categories: Saints of medieval Greece,Monks,5th-century Christian saints,Sicilian saints

paragraph: Calogerus the Anchorite

paragraph: Calogerus the Anchorite (, or "Calocerus", , , also known as "Calogerus the Hermit" and "Calogerus of Sicily", Chalcedon c. 466-18 June, 561, Monte Kronio) was a hermetical monk, venerated as a saint by the Catholic and Orthodox churches, and the patron of many places in Sicily.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Calogerus is commemorated by the Orthodox Church on June 18, together with the bishop Gregorius and the deacon Demetrius. The three saints are noted as opponents of Arianism who fled from Africa to Sicily to escape persecution. They were active in the area of Fragalata, near Messina. Calogerus is commemorated on the same day in the Catholic Church. Calogerus is also held to have worked as a missionary on Lipari in the Aeolian Islands, before retiring to live as a hermit on Monte Kronio, which is now sometimes called in () in his honor, as is another mountain near Palermo.

paragraph: Saint Calogerus is venerated at Agrigento more than Saint Gerland, who is the patron of Agrigento. Other centres in which Saint Calogero is particularly venerated are Porto Empedocle, Naro, Sciacca, Frazzanó, San Salvatore di Fitalia, Cesaró, Petralia Sottana and Campofranco. In iconography, he is usually identifiable as a bearded hermit with olive complexion wearing eastern (Syriac) hooded vestments.

wikidata_label: Calogerus

wikipedia_title: Calogerus the Anchorite


text: 2016 Summer Olympics

categories: Olympic swimmers of Lithuania,Lithuanian male swimmers,1995 births,Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Male butterfly swimmers,Living people

paragraph: Deividas Margevičius

paragraph: Deividas Margevičius (born 26 April 1995) is a Lithuanian butterfly swimmer. In 2016 he won the national 100 m, setting a new national record at 53.53. With the best national season time (53.12) he was selected to represent Lithuania in 2016 Summer Olympics in the 4 × 100 m medley relay.

wikidata_label: Deividas Margevičius

wikipedia_title: Deividas Margevičius


text:
Montpellier
French
diplomat
French Revolution
Hérault
Legislative Assembly
National Convention
Louis XVI
Jean-François Rewbell
Lille
Lord Malmesbury
Rastadt
Claude Roberjot
Jean Debry
hussar

categories: 1799 deaths,1749 births,18th-century French diplomats,People of the French Revolution

paragraph: Ange-Élisabeth-Louis-Antoine Bonnier

paragraph: Ange-Élisabeth-Louis-Antoine Bonnier d'Alco (1750 in Montpellier28 April 1799) was a French diplomat during the French Revolution.

paragraph: A representative of Hérault in the Legislative Assembly and of the National Convention, he generally voted with the majority. Bonnier voted for the execution of Louis XVI. He was a friend of Jean-François Rewbell and therefore was entrusted with various diplomatic missions, including to Lille to negotiate with Lord Malmesbury in October 1797 and to Rastadt in 1799 to negotiate with the congress. Negotiations at the latter went slowly and on 28 April, Bonnier, Claude Roberjot and Jean Debry were attacked by Hungarian hussars as they left the town, probably in an attempt to steal their papers. Debry was wounded, but Bonnier and Roberjot were killed.

alias:
Antoine Bonnier d'Alco
Ange-Elisabeth-Louis-Antoine Bonnier

description: French diplomat

wikidata_label: Ange-Élisabeth-Louis-Antoine Bonnier

wikipedia_title: Ange-Élisabeth-Louis-Antoine Bonnier


text:
Santiago, Chile
footballer
Cobresal
Chilean First Division B
Cobreloa
Rangers de Talca
Deportes Antofagasta
Cobresal
Profile at BDFA

categories: Association footballers not categorized by position,Cobreloa footballers,Chilean Primera División players,Rangers de Talca footballers,1989 births,Chilean footballers,C.D. Antofagasta players,Cobresal footballers,Living people

paragraph: Rodolfo González Aránguiz

paragraph: Rodolfo González Aránguiz (born 28 February 1989 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean footballer currently playing for Cobresal of the Chilean First Division B.

paragraph: Section::::Teams.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cobreloa 2008–2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rangers de Talca 2013–2014 (loan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deportes Antofagasta 2015–2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cobresal 2017–present

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at BDFA

description: football player

wikidata_label: Rodolfo González Aránguiz

wikipedia_title: Rodolfo González Aránguiz


text:
Prince-Bishop of Augsburg
Schelklingen
Gültlingen
University of Tübingen
University of Freiburg
University of Bologna
University of Ferrara
doctorate
canon
cathedral chapter
Augsburg Cathedral
dean
ordained
priest
Heinrich von Lichtenau
Prince-Bishop of Augsburg
coadjutor bishop
Pope Leo X
consecrated
bishop
Gabriel von Eyb
Bishop of Eichstätt
canonical visitation
papal bull
Exsurge Domine
Reformation
Protestant
Diet of Augsburg
Augsburg
Monastery of St. Egidien
Nuremberg
Dillingen an der Donau
Europäische Stammtafeln

categories: 1543 deaths,1478 births,University of Ferrara alumni,People from Schelklingen,University of Bologna alumni,University of Tübingen alumni,Roman Catholic bishops of Augsburg,University of Freiburg alumni,Roman Catholic prince-bishops in the Holy Roman Empire

paragraph: Christoph von Stadion

paragraph: Christoph von Stadion (1478–1543) was Prince-Bishop of Augsburg from 1517 to 1543.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Christoph von Stadion was born in Schelklingen in Mid-March 1478, the son of Nikolaus von Stadion (d. 1507) and his wife Agatha von Gültlingen (d. 1504). In 1490, he began his studies at the University of Tübingen, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1491 and a master's in 1494. He then studied at the University of Freiburg, moving on to the University of Bologna in 1497. Finally, he studied at the University of Ferrara, from which he received a doctorate in law.

paragraph: He became a canon in the cathedral chapter of Augsburg Cathedral in September 1506. In 1515, he was elected dean of the cathedral chapter. He was ordained as a priest in 1515.

paragraph: In March 1517, shortly before the death of Heinrich von Lichtenau, Prince-Bishop of Augsburg, the cathedral chapter elected him coadjutor bishop, a selection confirmed by Pope Leo X on April 20, 1517, shortly after the death of Heinrich von Lichtenau. Christoph von Stadion was consecrated as a bishop by Gabriel von Eyb, Bishop of Eichstätt, on July 5, 1517.

paragraph: He held a canonical visitation in the bishopric of Augsburg in 1518 and 1523. In the wake of the papal bull "Exsurge Domine" (1520), he moved to suppress the Reformation in the bishopric, particularly after 1522. He was unable, however, to halt the spread of Protestant ideas in Augsburg. As a result, he sought to chart a middle course with the Reformers, supporting moderation at the 1530 Diet of Augsburg. He was unable to prevent the expulsion of the Catholic clergy from the city of Augsburg in 1537.

paragraph: He died in the Monastery of St. Egidien in Nuremberg on April 15, 1543, and was buried in the parish church in Dillingen an der Donau.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1517: "Statuta diocesana Reverendissimi in christo patris et domini domini Christophori Episcopi Augustensis in celebratione Sinodi feria tercia post Galli Anno domini Millesimi quingentesimi decimiseptimi publicata". Auguste 1517 (Complete text PDF http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00001964/image_1 with coat of arms of the bishop on image 3: Bishopric Augsburg und family of Stadion).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1518: "Synodalrede". (Complete text PDF http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10366045-1).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1537: "Warhaffte verantwurtung (...)". (Complete text PDF http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0002/bsb00025024/image_1).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freyberg-Eisenberg, Max Freiherr von (1884): "Genealogische Geschichte des Geschlechtes der Freiherrn von Freyberg, nach urkundlichen Quellen zusammengestellt von Max Freiherrn von Freyberg-Eisenberg". Extended and improved ed. by Franz Rothenbacher. Mannheim: Selbstverlag, 2011.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hermelink, Heinrich (1906), "Die Matrikeln der Universität Tübingen". vol. 1: "Die Matrikeln von 1477–1600". Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer (immatriculation no. 49 of April 22, 1490 "Cristoferus de Stadion"; later "Chr. Stadion de Schelklingen").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jesse, Horst (1980), Christoph von Stadion, Bischof zu Augsburg während der Reformationszeit 1517–1544. "Zeitschrift für bayerische Kirchengeschichte" vol. 49: pp. 86–122.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schlechter, Armin (2010), Neue Beiträge zur südwestdeutschen Buch- und Bibliotheksgeschichte um 1500. "Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte" vol. 69, pp. 195–221.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schübelin, Eugen (1906), Zwei berühmte Schelklinger. In: "Blätter des Schwäbischen Albvereins" vol. 18: cols. 173–180 (about Christoph von Stadion and Konrad von Bemelberg).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schwarzmaier, Hansmartin, Jörg Martin, and Wilfried Schöntag (eds.) (2007), "Aus dem Archiv der Grafen von Stadion: Urkunden und Amtsbücher des Gräflich von Schönborn'schen Archivs Oberstadion". Konstanz and Eggingen: Edition Isele (=Documenta Suevica, vol. 14).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schwennicke, Detlev (ed.) (1981), "Europäische Stammtafeln". New Series vol. IV. "Standesherrliche Häuser I". Marburg: J. A. Stargardt, tables 156–160 (Die (Grafen von) Stadion).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stiefenhofer, Dominikus (1880), "Chronik der gräflichen Familie von Stadion". Oberstadion: typoscript, pp. 42ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zapf, Georg Wilhelm (1799), "Christoph von Stadion, Bischof von Augsburg: Eine Geschichte aus den Zeiten der Reformation". Zürich: Orell, Füßli (Complete text PDF http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10310009-1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zoepfl, Friedrich (1959), Bischof Christoph von Stadion (1478–1543). In: Götz Freiherr von Pölnitz (ed.), "Lebensbilder aus dem Bayerischen Schwaben". vol. 7, pp. 125–160. Munich: Max Hueber.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zoepfl, Friedrich (1969), "Das Bistum Augsburg und seine Bischöfe im Reformationsjahrhundert". Munich: Schnell & Steiner; Augsburg: Winfried-Werk, pp. 1–172 (=Geschichte des Bistums Augsburg und seiner Bischöfe, vol. II).

description: prince-Bishop of Germany

wikidata_label: Christoph von Stadion

wikipedia_title: Christoph von Stadion


text:
racing driver
France
Formula One
Saint-Gaudens
1950 British Grand Prix
1951 Belgian Grand Prix
Paris

categories: 12 Hours of Reims drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,French Formula One drivers,French racing drivers,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,1973 deaths,Talbot Formula One drivers,1904 births,Hersham and Walton Motors Formula One drivers

paragraph: Yves Giraud-Cabantous

paragraph: Marius Aristide Yves Giraud-Cabantous (8 October 1904 – 30 March 1973) was a racing driver from France. He drove in Formula One from to , participating in 13 World Championship Grands Prix, plus numerous non-Championship Formula One races.

paragraph: Giraud-Cabantous was born in Saint-Gaudens. He drove a Talbot-Lago-Talbot in 10 Championship races in 1950 and 1951, and his final three events were in an HWM-Alta. He amassed a total of 5 Championship points, 3 at the 1950 British Grand Prix (also his highest finish, a 4th place) and 2 at the 1951 Belgian Grand Prix. He died in Paris, aged 68.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Formula One World Championship results are derived from

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Yves Giraud-Cabantous

wikipedia_title: Yves Giraud-Cabantous


text:
child actor
Hal Roach
Our Gang
Mildred Davis
comedian
Harold Lloyd
military school
Young Sherlocks
Mickey
Mary Kornman
Harold Lloyd
Mildred Davis
Derby Day
physician
UCLA School of Medicine
Bentley Mitchum
Santa Monica, California

categories: 1992 deaths,Our Gang,American male comedy actors,Male actors from California,American male film actors,American cardiologists,American male child actors,20th-century American male actors,1914 births

paragraph: Jack Davis (actor)

paragraph: John H. Davis (April 5, 1914 – November 3, 1992) was an American child actor, notable for appearing in Hal Roach's "Our Gang" series. His sister Mildred Davis also acted; she appeared in Roach comedian Harold Lloyd's films as his leading lady. When Lloyd and Mildred were married in 1923, Lloyd pulled Jack out of "Our Gang" and enrolled him in military school.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Davis first appeared in the first Our Gang short, "Young Sherlocks". He was known as the little tough boy and was a rival (usually with Mickey) for Mary Kornman's affections. In other shorts he was a just a member of the gang instead of a bully. Davis' screen career ended after 19 shorts in the series when Harold Lloyd and his older sister, Mildred Davis, got married, and Lloyd put the boy into military school. His final appearance was the 1923 short "Derby Day". After degrees in anthropology and medicine Davis became a successful physician in the Los Angeles area, specialising in cardiology, and associate professor at the UCLA School of Medicine. He was the grandfather of American actress Carrie Mitchum and actor Bentley Mitchum.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Davis died in 1992 in Santa Monica, California of respiratory failure at the age of 78.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (appears to conflate a number of people with the same name)

description: American child actor

wikidata_label: Jack Davis

wikipedia_title: Jack Davis (actor)


text:
Groß Kottulin
Wrocław
Poland
Bremen
Formula One
Germany
BMW
Auto Union
hillclimbs
World War II
Berlin
1952 Großer Preis von Deutschland
Victoria
Root blower
ohv
Land Speed Record
Bugatti Type 37A
Bugatti Type 35B
MG C-type
Eifelrennen
Nürburgring
BMW 328
Spa 24 Hours
Paul Heinemann
Mille Miglia
Gran Premio Bescia delle Mille Miglia
Ralph Röese
Sedlitz
Halensee
Alexander Orley
Vertias-Meteor
August Momberger
Borgward
L'autodrome de Linas-Monthlhéry
24 Heures du Mans
Hansa
Alfa Romeo Giulia
Adolf Brudes World Championship Career
ESPN

categories: German racing drivers,1899 births,German Formula One drivers,24 Hours of Spa drivers,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,Mille Miglia drivers,1986 deaths

paragraph: Adolf Brudes

paragraph: Adolf Brudes von Breslau (born in Groß Kottulin, near Breslau (now Wrocław in Poland), 15 October 1899 – died in Bremen, 5 November 1986) was a Formula One driver from Germany and a member of German nobility. He started racing motorcycles in 1919. As an owner of a BMW and Auto Union dealership in Breslau, he had the opportunities to go racing, which he did from 1928 onwards, initially in hillclimbs. After World War II wiped out his business, he moved to Berlin and for a while became a mechanic, wherever he could find jobs. However he soon was back racing, and he continued until 1968, in hillclimbs – an amazing career of 49 years! He participated in one World Championship Grand Prix, the 1952 Großer Preis von Deutschland, but scored no championship points. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.

paragraph: Section::::Pre-War Career.

paragraph: Adolf was born in Kotulin, near Bresalu. Today, Breslau is known as Wrocław, and is in Poland. Back in 1899, it was part of the German Reich.

paragraph: He began his racing career on two wheels as early as 1919. Between 1924 and 1927, he was the master mechanic and works rider for motorcycle manufacturer Victoria. In 1925, the company added a Root blower to their 2-cylinder ohv 597cc flat engine. A year later, Brudes set a Land Speed Record of 102½ mph (165 km/h), riding one of these bikes.

paragraph: Adolf wished to race at a higher level, and with that in mind, he started racing cars alongside the bikes in 1928. He purchased a Bugatti Type 37A with which he went hillclimbing mostly in Poland, taking a number of overall and class victories. Meanwhile, he established a BMW and Auto Union dealership in Breslau. By 1934, he had added a Bugatti Type 35B and a MG C-type to his stable, and it was with the MG, he scored a class victory in the 1934 Eifelrennen at the Nürburgring.

paragraph: 1936 saw Adolf take part on an Auto Union driver evaluation test, but the driver when to another driver. Not to be put off by this set back, he acquired a BMW 328. After some excellent results, he earns himself place in their works squad of the 1938 Spa 24 Hours race. Partnered by Paul Heinemann, the finish fourth overall, second in class. Also would also go on to record a podium finish in the 1940 Mille Miglia. The race ran over a shortened course, under the title of Gran Premio Bescia delle Mille Miglia. Brudes was paired with Ralph Röese in a BMW 328 spider, finished third.

paragraph: Section::::Post-War Career.

paragraph: With the outbreak, naturally racing stopped. Once the war ended, Brudes’ situation was much changed and by 1945, he had lost everything. His family were forced to move to Sedlitz, a small town in east of Germany where his brothers lived. After numerous odd jobs, he moved to Berlin looking for work. He found work at the BMW dealer in Halensee, when he was introduced to an American officer who was interested in racing, Alexander Orley. Brudes was employed to prepared BMW coupés for Orley to race.

paragraph: When Brudes resuming his own racing career, it was driving one of Orley’s BMW Orley Speciale, based upon the Vertias-Meteor. It was in this car, he took part in his only World Championship Grand Prix, 1952 Großer Preis von Deutschland. His race latest only 5 laps behind him retired with engine problems. A few years earlier, he received an invitation from August Momberger to drive the new Borgward sports cars, in a number of record attempts. In October 1953, in a very streamlined 1500cc sports car with lightweight twin tube chassis, he set a number of speed and endurance records at L'autodrome de Linas-Monthlhéry. During the season of 1953, he was finally given a contract by Borgward and became an official works driver. When the team took their steps into international motorsport, Brudes was amongst the squad of drivers. Their first event was the 24 Heures du Mans, with a trio of Borgward-Hansa 1500 Rennsport Coupés. Brudes’s car would run out of fuel just after three hours of racing.

paragraph: He would continue to race until 1968, when he made his last competitive appearance on the Taunus Hillclimb, where in an Alfa Romeo Giulia, he finished third in class.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adolf Brudes World Championship Career at ESPN F1

description: German racing driver

wikidata_label: Adolf Brudes

wikipedia_title: Adolf Brudes


text:
VC
English
Victoria Cross
British
Commonwealth
seaman
Naval Brigade
Royal Navy
Crimean War
Battle of Inkerman
Crimea
Thomas Reeves
Mark Scholefield
Second Anglo-Chinese War
Captain of the AfterGuard
Balmain Cemetery
Leichhardt
New South Wales
Australia
Balmain
Digger history
Spectacle Island history

categories: British recipients of the Victoria Cross,1882 deaths,Royal Navy recipients of the Victoria Cross,Crimean War recipients of the Victoria Cross,English emigrants to Australia,Royal Navy personnel of the Crimean War,People from Islington (district),1834 births,Royal Navy sailors,Royal Navy personnel of the Second Opium War

paragraph: James Gorman (VC)

paragraph: James Gorman VC (21 August 1834 – 18 October 1882) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

paragraph: Gorman was 20 years old, and a seaman in the Naval Brigade of the Royal Navy during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

paragraph: On 5 November 1854 at the Battle of Inkerman, Crimea, when the Right Lancaster Battery was attacked and many of the soldiers were wounded, Seaman Gorman, with two other seamen (Thomas Reeves and Mark Scholefield) and two others who were killed during the action, mounted the defence work banquette and, under withering attack from the enemy, kept up a rapid, repulsing fire. Their muskets were re-loaded for them by the wounded soldiers under the parapet and eventually the enemy fell back and gave no more trouble.

paragraph: He later served in the Second Anglo-Chinese War and achieved the rank of Captain of the AfterGuard. He is buried in the Old Balmain Cemetery, Norton Street, Leichhardt, New South Wales, Australia. Which in 1944 was closed and converted to a public park, "Pioneers Memorial Park". There is a plaque in his memory on the War Memorial in Loyalty Square, Balmain.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Digger history

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spectacle Island history

paragraph: BULLET::::- 150 years of the Victoria Cross, 1857-2007 Crimea to Afghanistan: Harry Willey

description: Recipient of the Victoria Cross

wikidata_label: James Gorman

wikipedia_title: James Gorman (VC)


text:
Moroccan
3000 metres steeplechase
2006 African Championships
2007 World Championships
Heusden-Zolder

categories: Olympic athletes of Morocco,Competitors at the 2009 Mediterranean Games,Moroccan female steeplechase runners,Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Morocco,World Championships in Athletics athletes for Morocco,Moroccan sportspeople in doping cases,Moroccan female middle-distance runners,Doping cases in athletics,Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics,Living people,Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics,1982 births

paragraph: Hanane Ouhaddou

paragraph: Hanane Ouhaddou (born 1982) is a Moroccan runner who specializes in the 3000 metres steeplechase. She finished fifth in at the 2006 African Championships and ninth at the 2007 World Championships.

paragraph: She served a doping ban between 2012 and 2014 for doping. In 2016 she was banned from competition again for eight years for refusing to get tested. The ban is set to end on 10 May 2024.

paragraph: Her personal best time is 9:25.51 minutes, achieved in July 2007 in Heusden-Zolder.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: br

description: Moroccan distance runner

wikidata_label: Hanane Ouhaddou

wikipedia_title: Hanane Ouhaddou


text:
The Boy Scout Association
United Kingdom
William D. Boyce
Boy Scouts of America
William Boyce
London
Boy Scout
General Baden-Powell
Chief Scout
Boy Scouts of America
British East Africa
Scouting For Boys
climatologists
Providence, Rhode Island
James E. West
Chief Scout Executive
Daniel Carter Beard
Ernest Thompson Seton
pioneer heritage
American Indian
Silver Buffalo Award
Gilwell Park
Edward
Prince of Wales
Amory Houghton
Gilwell Park
Scout Spirit

paragraph: Unknown Scout

paragraph: The 'Unknown Scout' was an anonymous member of The Boy Scout Association in the United Kingdom whose good turn inspired William D. Boyce to form the Boy Scouts of America (BSA).

paragraph: Section::::Legend.

paragraph: William Boyce was lost on a foggy street in London in 1909 when an unknown Scout came to his aid, guiding him to his destination. The boy then refused Boyce's tip, explaining that he was a Boy Scout and was merely doing his daily good turn. Soon thereafter, Boyce met with General Baden-Powell, who was Chief Scout at the time. Boyce returned to America, and, four months later, founded the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910.

paragraph: Section::::Facts behind the legend.

paragraph: The story of the Unknown Scout has been described as "true, at least in essence." Some details, however, have been added to the known facts. According to Edward Rowan, Boyce stopped in London en route to a safari in British East Africa. While an unknown Scout helped him and refused a tip, this Scout only helped him cross a street to a hotel, did not take him to the Scout headquarters, and Boyce never met Baden-Powell. Upon Boyce's request, the Scout did give him the address of the Scout headquarters where Boyce later went on his own and picked up information about the group. Boyce returned to London after his safari and visited the Scout headquarters again and gained the use of "Scouting For Boys" in the development of a U.S. Scouting program. While Boyce's original account does not mention there being fog that fateful day, in a 1928 account he did say there was fog. However, climatologists report no fog that day in London. In 1911 a man from Providence, Rhode Island was lost in a fog and helped by a Scout who refused a tip. This man was so impressed that he remembered Scouting in his will. West later stated he recognized the value of adding fog to the legend by 1923 "fog" was firmly established as part of the legend.

paragraph: James E. West, the first professional Chief Scout Executive of the BSA, contended with competing factions amongst the founders of the BSA, primarily Daniel Carter Beard and Ernest Thompson Seton, who pushed their pioneer heritage and American Indian themes respectively and personally ran their organizations. In contrast, West opted to use a modified form of the British program and push the story of Boyce and the unknown Scout.

paragraph: Section::::Silver Buffalo Award.

paragraph: In 1926, the second presentation of the Silver Buffalo Award was to the Unknown Scout. That award resides in the museum at Gilwell Park.

paragraph: In addition to the award, a statue of a buffalo was presented with a plaque, inscribed:

paragraph: To the Unknown Scout Whose Faithfulness in the Performance of the Daily Good turn Brought the Scout Movement to the United States of America.

paragraph: On July 4, 1926, the statue was presented to Edward, the Prince of Wales and Baden-Powell by Amory Houghton, the United States Ambassador and a member of the National Council of the BSA. The statue was initially emplaced on a tree stump and later moved to the current brick pedestal located on what is now known as the Buffalo Lawn behind the White House at Gilwell Park.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scout Spirit

description: British scout

wikidata_label: Unknown Scout

wikipedia_title: Unknown Scout


text:
Bernard VI
Count of Armagnac
Armagnac
Quercy
Rouergue
Gévaudan
Hundred Years War
Raoul I of Eu
Constable of France
Gascony
La Réole
Gaston III, Count of Foix
Edward III of England
Penne-d'Agenais
John of Bohemia
Adour
Landes
Miramont-Sensacq
Philip VI of France
Bernard Ezi IV
Lord of Albret
Montréal
Mézin
Condom
Battle of Sluys
Saint-Omer
Flemish
Robert III of Artois
Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy
Battle of Saint-Omer
laid siege to the city of Tournai
Monchamp
Henry of Gosmont, Earl of Lancaster
Bergerac
Périgueux
Louis of Poitiers
Count of Valentinois
Battle of Crécy
Siege of Calais
Poitou
Pope Clement V
John II of Armagnac
Joanna
John, Duke of Berry
Martha
John I of Aragon
Sumption, Jonathan

paragraph: John I, Count of Armagnac

paragraph: John I of Armagnac (1311 – 16 May 1373), son of Bernard VI and Cecilia Rodez, was Count of Armagnac from 1319 to 1373. In addition to Armagnac he controlled territory in Quercy, Rouergue and Gévaudan. He was the count who initiated the 14th century expansion of the county.

paragraph: Section::::Hundred Years War.

paragraph: In summer 1337, with the outbreak of the Hundred Years War, he provided a contingent of 6,000 men for the campaign of Raoul I of Eu, Constable of France, in Gascony.

paragraph: In July 1338, he attended a general conference at La Réole, but before achieving anything of note, John and his fellow captain-general in the south, Gaston III, Count of Foix, were called north to help counter the expected invasion of Northern France by King Edward III of England. As this threat grew weaker the French offensive in the south was resumed with the siege of Penne-d'Agenais in November by John of Bohemia and the Count of Foix. John provided 1,200 men for this siege, which ended with the surrender of the town, though not the castle.

paragraph: Through these early years of the war the Count of Foix had conducted a series of independent campaigns which allowed him to expand his personal territory into the Adour valley and the Landes. This expansion brought him into conflict with Armagnac. Just after his return from the north at the end of 1339 John attacked Miramont-Sensacq, a small town he laid claim to, but which was situated in territory dominated by the Count of Foix. This started a short but violent private war, ended by the town taken into royal custody.

paragraph: This quarrel caused John to reconsider his allegiance to the French Crown. When he in May 1340 again went to join King Philip VI of France’s northern army, he left Bernard Ezi IV, Lord of Albret with documents stating terms under which terms he would be willing to do homage to Edward III. As compensation for the territory he expected to lose once he switched allegiance Armagnac demanded several towns held by the King of France, chief among them Montréal, Mézin and Condom. Of these the English only succeeded in taking and holding Mézin. The negotiations therefore came to an end and John remained a vassal of Philip VI.

paragraph: In the north the situation had improved for the English with their naval victory in the Battle of Sluys. Edward III’s next step was an attack on Saint-Omer by his Flemish allies led by Robert III of Artois. However Robert III failed completely in masking his intentions. This allowed Philip VI to dispatch John of Armagnac to reinforce the garrison already present there under Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy. On 26 July what begun as an unauthorized attack on the enemy lines by some French knights developed into a major battle as the Duke of Burgundy decided to sally forth in strength. During the Battle of Saint-Omer the Count of Armagnac with his retinue of 300 heavy cavalry succeeded in breaking the Flemish left and then in the following pursuit causing several thousand casualties. Faced with the loss of the bulk of his army Robert of Artois was forced to retreat from the city in disorder.

paragraph: Meanwhile Edward III had with his own army laid siege to the city of Tournai. The siege dragged out and in September Philip VI marched to confront him. The result was not battle, but negotiations in which John of Armagnac took part as one of five French plenipotentiaries. The negotiations resulted in a truce concluded on 24 September. The lull in the fighting, except for an interlude in 1342, was to last until 1345

paragraph: In August 1345 Armagnac was laying siege to the Anglo-Gascon garrison at Monchamp outside Condom when Henry of Gosmont, Earl of Lancaster arrived in Bordeaux. Derby’s opened his campaign with the capture of the garrison town of Bergerac by storm. This caused major shock to at the French court as no significant English army was expected in the south. Armagnac helped shore up the French position by gathering some of the survivors and retreating to Périgueux. Lancaster moved to surround Périgueux, but did not have the strength to capture the city and in October he was forced to withdraw with the arrival of a force commanded by Louis of Poitiers, Count of Valentinois.

paragraph: In September 1346, following the French defeat at the Battle of Crécy and the beginning of the English Siege of Calais, Armagnac was appointed royal lieutenant in the south-west. However due to the overall worsening French situation he was left with few troops and little money. He was therefore unable to stop Lancaster neither from consolidating English gains in the south nor from launching a major raid into Poitou.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages & Children.

paragraph: In 1311 Armagnac married Reine de Got (d.1325), a niece of Pope Clement V, they had no children.

paragraph: Armagnac later married Beatrice of Clermont. They had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John II of Armagnac(1333–1384)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joanna, married John, Duke of Berry in 1360.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martha, married John I of Aragon

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George, Anita, "Annals of the queens of Spain", Vol.1, Baker and Scribner, 1850.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mesurier Chepmell, Havilland Le, "A Short Course of History", Whitaker and Co., 1897.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crucifix of Baden", Christian Press Association Publishing Company, 1896.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Encyclopædia Britannica", Vol.3, Ed. Hugh Chisholm, 1911.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Place of the Reign of Edward II in English History", Manchester University Press.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sumption, Jonathan, "The Hundred Years War, Vol 1, Trial by Battle", 1990,

paragraph: Section::::Fictional depictions.

paragraph: John I of Armagnac features in the medieval series, Lions and Lilies Books 1, 2 and 4 - The Lily and the Lion, The Order of the Lily and The Traitor's Noose by Catherine A. Wilson and Catherine T. Wilson.

description: Count of Armagnac from 1319 to 1373

wikidata_label: John I, Count of Armagnac

wikipedia_title: John I, Count of Armagnac


text:
Count of Armagnac
Fézensac
Rodez
Bernard VII of Armagnac
Bonne of Berry
Hundred Years' War
County of Comminges
Mathieu de Foix
King of Castile
Henry VI of England
a revolt
Dauphin of France
Charles VII
L'Isle-Jourdain
Carcassonne
King Henry VI of England
buffer zone
Gascony
Blanche of Brittany
John IV, Duke of Brittany
Jeanne d' Évreux
Isabella d' Évreux
Charles III, king of Navarre
Eleanor of Castille
Marie of Armagnac
John II of Alençon
Duke of Alençon
Henry IV of France
Jean V of Armagnac
Louis II of Chalon-Arlay
Charles I, Count of Armagnac
Four-Valleys
Maison d'Armagnac

categories: People from Rodez,1450 deaths,1396 births

paragraph: John IV, Count of Armagnac

paragraph: John IV (15 October 1396 – 5 November 1450) was a Count of Armagnac, Fézensac, and Rodez from 1418 to 1450. He was the son of Bernard VII of Armagnac, Count d' Armagnac, of Fézensac, Pardiac, and Rodez; and Bonne of Berry. John IV was involved in the intrigues related to the Hundred Years' War and in conflicts against the King of France.

paragraph: His father had taken the County of Comminges by force, but John IV could not prevent the second marriage of Marguerite to Mathieu de Foix in 1419. Subsequently, they took the County of Comminges. In 1425, he recognized the King of Castile as overlord of Armagnac. The French king, occupied fighting the English, could not intervene, but did not overlook the affront. Later, John IV negotiated the marriage of his daughter Isabelle with Henry VI of England, but he backed off from this plan after threats from the king of France. In 1440, he took part in a revolt of the barons and the Dauphin of France, but the coalition was overcome by Charles VII, who pardoned the insurrectionists. He asked the Count of Armagnac to give up its kingly formula, but this last was refused.

paragraph: Charles VII then asked the Dauphin to punish the recalcitrant John IV. Besieged in L'Isle-Jourdain, John IV was made prisoner and imprisoned in Carcassonne in 1443. He was pardoned three years later, but his counties were directed by royal officers, and he did not have any more noble capacities until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Negotiations with the English.

paragraph: John IV's quarrels with Charles VII encouraged him to seek an approximation with the latter's enemies, namely the English. In July 1437, both parties signed a treaty, one of the terms being that Armagnac would not allow his subjects to act with hostility towards the English.

paragraph: In 1442, negotiations started for a marriage between King Henry VI of England and one of John's daughters. Armagnac was anxious for a strong alliance which would protect him from threats by Charles VII, while the English were looking forward to being able to use his lands as a defensive buffer zone against French attacks. John's strategically located territories in southwestern France made him much better positioned to defend Gascony than the English crown. "Armagnac was said to have offered a huge dowry in money, lands and men to help defend the borders of Gascony."

paragraph: John IV seems to have stalled the negotiations as he evaluated whether allying with the English or attempting a reconciliation with Charles VII was the best idea. Regardless, with John receiving threats from his overlord, coupled with indecisiveness on the part of the English, the marriage negotiations came to an end.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and children.

paragraph: He married Blanche of Brittany (1395–1419), daughter of John IV, Duke of Brittany and Jeanne d' Évreux, on 16 June 1407 and had one child:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bonne (b. 1416; † before 1448)

paragraph: He married his second wife on 10 May 1419, shortly after the death of his first wife. His second wife was Isabella d' Évreux (b. 1395; † 1450), daughter of Charles III, king of Navarre and Eleanor of Castille.

paragraph: They had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie of Armagnac (b. 1420; † 1473), married in 1437 John II of Alençon (1409–1476), Duke of Alençon; maternal great-grandparents of King Henry IV of France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean V of Armagnac (b. 1420; † 1473), Viscount of Lomagne, then Count d' Armagnac, of Fézensac and Rodez.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eléonore (b. 1423; † 1456), married in 1446 Louis II of Chalon-Arlay (b. 1389; † 1463), Prince d'Orange, Lord of Arlay and Arguel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles I, Count of Armagnac (b. 1425; † 1497), Viscount of Fézensaguet, then Count d' Armagnac, of Fézensac and Rodez.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabelle (c. 1430 – 1476), Lady of the Four-Valleys

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maison d'Armagnac (in French)

description: Count of Armagnac

wikidata_label: John IV, Count of Armagnac

wikipedia_title: John IV, Count of Armagnac


text:
Count of Armagnac
Fézensac
Rodez
John II of Armagnac
kingdom of Majorca
Juan I of Aragon
Italy
Charles Visconti
Parma
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Milan
Alessandria
Guillaume-Amanieu de Madaillan
Guillaume II, Viscount of Narbonne

paragraph: John III, Count of Armagnac

paragraph: John III of Armagnac (1359 – July 25, 1391) was a Count of Armagnac, of Fézensac and Rodez from 1384 to 1391.

paragraph: He was the son of John II of Armagnac, and Jeanne of Périgord.

paragraph: In 1390, John claimed the kingdom of Majorca, but was overcome by the troops of Juan I of Aragon in a battle near Navata. John III consequently led military actions in Roussillon.

paragraph: In 1391, he had to leave for Italy in order to go to the assistance of Charles Visconti, Lord of Parma and husband of his sister, Beatrix of Armagnac. Visconti was in conflict with his acquisitive cousin Gian Galeazzo Visconti, later the duke of Milan, whose ambition was to control the whole of northern Italy.

paragraph: His army was attacked and decisively beaten by that of Gian Galeazzo Visconti as it passed through Alessandria in Piedmont. John III was killed in the battle.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On May 14, 1378, John III married Marguerite (1363–1443), countess of Comminges (1363–1443). They had two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeanne, who married Guillaume-Amanieu de Madaillan (1375–1414) in 1409.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite who married Guillaume II, Viscount of Narbonne in 1415. He was killed in the battle of Verneuil, on August 14, 1424).

description: French noble

wikidata_label: John III, Count of Armagnac

wikipedia_title: John III, Count of Armagnac


text:
biblical
Hagar
patriarch
Islamic prophet
Ibrāhīm
Abraham
Ismā'īl
Ishmael
Islam
Muslim
Qur'an
Desert of Paran
Hejaz
matriarch
monotheism
Muhammad
Ka‘bah
Makkah
Ṣalāt
Al-Safa and Al-Marwah
angel
Zamzam
Adnani Arab
Al-Safa and Al-Marwah
Ḥajj
pilgrimage
Zamzam Well
mother
circumambulate
Umrah
Prophet Ishmael

paragraph: Hagar in Islam

paragraph: Hājar (), the Arabic name for the biblical Hagar, was the wife of the patriarch and Islamic prophet Ibrāhīm (Abraham) and the mother of Ismā'īl (Ishmael). She is a revered woman in the Islamic faith. According to Muslim belief, she was the daughter of an Egyptian king who gifted her to Ibrahim. Although not mentioned by name in the Qur'an, she is referenced and alluded to via the story of her husband. She eventually settled in the Desert of Paran, seen as the Hejaz in the Islamic view, with her son Ishmael. Hagar is honoured as an especially important matriarch of monotheism, as it was through Ishmael that Muhammad would come.

paragraph: Section::::Narrative.

paragraph: Abraham was childless. He was a prophet of Allah and, having left his native land, he was concerned over who would continue the prophetic office after him and whether he would indeed be a father one day. He married a Pharos' daughter and her name was Hagar. Hagar subsequently bore a child, and named him Ishmael, meaning "God will hear".

paragraph: Islamic scholar Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman states the following using the Arabic name Haajar for Hagar; "After Haajar gave birth to Ismaa’eel, Saarah began to feel jealous, so she asked Ibrahim to send them away from her. Allah revealed to Ibrahim that he should take Haajar and the infant Ismaa’eel and take them to Makkah. So he took them and left Haajar and her child Ismaa’eel in a bleak, isolated place in which there was no water, then he left them and went back to Canaan (Parts of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel and Palestinian territories). Haajar said to him, 'For whom are you leaving us in this forsaken valley?' But Ibrahim went and left her, and she said, 'Has Allah commanded you to do this?” He said, 'Yes.' She said, 'Then Allah will not cause us to be lost.'"

paragraph: Abraham submitted to the command of his Lord and patiently bore the separation from his wife and child. Then he turned towards where they were at the Sacred House and prayed for them in the following words (interpretation of the meaning):

paragraph: 'O our Lord! I have made some of my offspring to dwell in an uncultivatable valley by Your Sacred House (the "Ka‘bah" ('Cube') at Makkah) in order, O our Lord, that they may perform As-Ṣalāt. So fill some hearts among men with love towards them, and (O Allah) provide them with fruits so that they may give thanks'[Qur'an, Ibraaheem 14:37]

paragraph: Because of the scarcity of water in the desert, it was not long before both mother and son suffered immense thirst. Thus, Hagar ran between the Al-Safa and Al-Marwah hills in search of water for her son. After the seventh run between the two hills, an angel appeared before her. He helped her and told her that God had heard Ishmael's crying and would provide them with water. At that point, God caused a spring to burst forth from the ground, where Ishmael's heel lay, and thereafter Mecca became known for its excellence and abundance of water. The well was subsequently named Zamzam, and become a holy source of water.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Hagar is honoured by Muslims as a wise, brave and pious woman as well as the believing mother of the Adnani Arab people. The incident of her running between Al-Safa and Al-Marwah hills is remembered by Muslims when they perform their Ḥajj (major pilgrimage) at Mecca. Part of the pilgrimage is to run seven times between the hills, in commemoration of Hagar's courage and faith in God as she searched for water in the desert (which is believed to have then miraculously appeared from the Zamzam Well) and to symbolize the celebration of motherhood in Islam. To complete the task, some Muslims also drink from the Zamzam Well and take some of the water back home from pilgrimage. Many Muslims believe that Hagar and Ishmael are buried beside the Kaaba, in a semi-enclosed area which Muslims circumambulate during Hajj and Umrah.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prophet Ishmael at Islam101.com

alias: Hājar Hajar

description: Islamic figure, cognate to the Biblical Hagar; not mentioned in the Quran by name; wife of Abraham/Ibrahim, mother of Ishmael/Isma'il

wikidata_label: Hagar in Islam

wikipedia_title: Hagar in Islam


text:
Louis XI
Arnaud Guillaume of Lescun
Bishop of Aire
Anne of Armagnac
Marshal of France
Count of Comminges
Ludovico I, Marquess of Saluzzo
Order of Saint Michael
French Wikipedia

categories: Counts of Comminges,1473 deaths,Marshals of France,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Jean de Lescun

paragraph: Jean de Lescun d'Armagnac (died 1473?), known as “the bastard of Armagnac”, was an ally of king Louis XI of France from before the latter's accession to the throne.

paragraph: He was the illegitimate son of Arnaud Guillaume of Lescun, Bishop of Aire, and Anne of Armagnac. He was made Marshal of France in 1461. He was one of four men to hold this title under Louis XI. Lescun was also made Count of Comminges.

paragraph: De Lescun was named seneschal of Valentinois, then governor of Guyenne “in consideration that, in the great need of the King, he had left behind his parents, friends, goods and all heritages which he had in Gascogne to follow him and to accompany him”.

paragraph: In 1465 he married Marguerite di Saluzzo (died after 1478), daughter of Ludovico I, Marquess of Saluzzo.

paragraph: In 1469 de Lescun became one of the first knights in the Order of Saint Michael. He died in 1473.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- French Wikipedia

description: Marshal of France

wikidata_label: Jean de Lescun

wikipedia_title: Jean de Lescun