text: Gaelic

text: Inishowen

text: Ireland

text: Tyrone's Rebellion

text: courtier

text: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales

text: Sir Arthur Chichester

text: Sir George Paulet

text: O'Doherty's Rebellion

text: burning it to the ground

text: battle at Kilmacrennan

text: John O'Doherty

text: Inishowen

text: Rosa O'Doherty

text: Cathbarr O'Donnell

text: Owen Roe O'Neill

text: Baron Lurgan

text: Phelim Reagh MacDavitt

text: Lord Mountjoy

text: Henry Docwra

text: Viscount Gormanston

text: the Pale

text: Niall Garve O'Donnell

text: Red Hugh O'Donnell

text: O'Donnell dynasty

text: English Crown

text: Flight of the Earls

text: Plantation of Ulster

text: Derry

text: Sir George Paulet

text: Privy Council of Ireland

text: Kilmacrennan

text: Lord Powerscourt

text: Tower of London

text: O'Doherty family

text: O'Doherty Coat of Arms

text: O'Dochartaigh (Doherty) Clann

categories: 1608 deaths,1587 births,People of Elizabethan Ireland,Irish lords,Irish rebels,People from County Donegal,16th-century Irish people,17th-century Irish people

paragraph: Cahir O'Doherty

paragraph: Sir Cahir O'Doherty (; (; 1587–1608) was the last Gaelic Lord of Inishowen in north-west Ireland. O'Doherty was a noted loyalist during Tyrone's Rebellion and became known as the Queen's O'Doherty for his service on the Crown's side during the fighting. After the war O'Doherty had ambitions to become a courtier and applied for a position in the household of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, but he increasingly came into dispute with Irish-based officials such as the Viceroy Sir Arthur Chichester and the Governor of Derry Sir George Paulet. In 1608 he launched O'Doherty's Rebellion, seizing Derry from Paulet and burning it to the ground. O'Doherty was subsequently killed in a battle at Kilmacrennan, and the rebellion swiftly collapsed.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Cahir was the son of Sir John O'Doherty, the head of the O'Doherty's and effective ruler of Inishowen. One of Cahir's younger sisters was Rosa O'Doherty who first married Cathbarr O'Donnell and later Owen Roe O'Neill.. A third was Margaret, who married Oghie O'Hanlon. His daughter with Mary Preston, Eleanor, married Sir William Brownlow, the founder of a prominent landowning family who later acquired the title Baron Lurgan

paragraph: He was fourteen when his father died and had to spend the next few years gaining control of his lordship. Cahir's foster father was Phelim Reagh MacDavitt (Mac Daibhéid). Cahir was knighted by Lord Mountjoy, and for a time seemed prepared to work amicably with the English authorities: he found a strong supporter in Sir Henry Docwra, the first Governor of Derry. His marriage to Mary Preston, daughter of the 4th Viscount Gormanston, allied him to some of the leading nobles of the Pale, including Thomas FitzWilliam, 1st Viscount FitzWilliam, who in 1608 was required to stand surety for O'Doherty's good behaviour. O'Doherty and Niall Garve O'Donnell, the main rival of Red Hugh O'Donnell for the leadership of the O'Donnell dynasty, were the principal Gaelic chieftains whose support the English Crown hoped to gain through a policy of moderation and for a time this policy seemed to be working.

paragraph: Section::::O'Doherty's Rebellion.

paragraph: Caught up in conspiracies caused by the Flight of the Earls and angered by the confiscation of his lands for the Plantation of Ulster, in 1608 Sir Cahir sacked and burned the town of Derry and Cahir's foster-father Felim Riabhach McDavitt (Mac Daibhéid) killed Docwra's successor as Governor, Sir George Paulet, with whom Cahir had repeatedly quarreled. Paulet was accused by some of goading O'Doherty into rebellion by a series of insults, and was also said to have assaulted him. Niall Garve O'Donnell, previously a loyal supporter of the English Crown, was also accused of supporting the rebellion. O'Doherty's precise motives for the rebellion are unclear, and its timing is also something of a puzzle, especially as the Privy Council of Ireland had just ordered that the remainder of his lands be restored to him. Taking revenge on Paulet was perhaps a sufficient motive in itself.

paragraph: O'Doherty was killed near Kilmacrennan following a skirmish with a counter-attacking force under Lord Powerscourt His severed head was apparently displayed in Dublin for some time afterwards. Niall Garve O'Donnell and his son Neachtain were arrested and sent to the Tower of London, where they died.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- O'Doherty family

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dougherty, Rob. "O'Doherty's Rebellion" 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- McCavitt, John. "The Flight of the Earls, An Illustrated History," Gill & MacMillan, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rafferty, Oliver. "Catholicism in Ulster, 1603-1983: An Interpretative History". University of South Carolina Press, 1994.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- O'Doherty Coat of Arms

paragraph: BULLET::::- O'Dochartaigh (Doherty) Clann

description: Irish chieftain

wikidata_label: Cahir O'Doherty

wikipedia_title: Cahir O'Doherty


text:
musician
remixer
record producer
songwriter
DJ
Wavves
The Mae Shi
Retard Disco
Allmusic
electro-pop
distorto
vox
SXSW Music Festival
The Mae Shi
Los Angeles
post-punk
The Mae Shi
noise rock
surf punk
Wavves
Wavves
Phoenix (band)
GZA
Wu Tang Clan
The Soft Pack
The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower
Wavves
Wavves
Trash Talk
Moshi Moshi Records
IAMSOUND Records
Haunts
Retard Disco
Abe Vigoda (band)
Moshi Moshi Records
Mates of State
Barsuk Records
Crooked Fingers
Isaiah Toothtaker
Nine Inch Nails
Vice Magazine
Noisey
Vice Magazine
Noisey
Isaiah Toothtaker
Wallpaper.
Job For A Cowboy
Jacob Safari on SoundCloud
Heaven on SoundCloud

categories: Record producers from Arizona,Living people,Musicians from Tucson, Arizona,American male musicians,Place of birth missing (living people),American musicians,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Jacob Cooper

paragraph: Jacob Alonzo Cooper, also known as Jacob Safari, is an American musician, remixer, record producer, songwriter, and occasional DJ. Cooper has been a drummer of the bands Wavves, The Mae Shi, and Signals, and previously had a band called Bark Bark Bark. He currently has a project called Heaven, which first appeared in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Bark Bark Bark (2003-2013).

paragraph: Bark Bark Bark is an experimental, cut and paste electronic punk project formed by Cooper using the alias Jacob Safari. The project consists of Safari and guest artists and producers. Bark Bark Bark was discovered by Los Angeles-based Retard Disco after Safari played a show at The Smell and gave the label a cassette tape that later turned up to be completely blank. They have so far released one full-length studio album, several remixes, and a mixtape, "Tour Girlfriends", released both digitally and as a limited physical release in early 2009 on Retard Disco. The studio album, "Haunts", was described by Allmusic's Stewart Mason as "an uneven, occasionally frustrating exercise, but Safari evinces enough solid ideas to make it a worthwhile listen."

paragraph: A Steregoum article stated the title track has "a dirty, dark electro-pop vibe, with digi beats and distorto-vox that moan along to fit its name." Bark Bark Bark had a quiet ending after playing only 1 show in 3 years on top of a parking garage roof at 2008's SXSW Music Festival, coincidentally the same year The Mae Shi played a record-breaking 19 shows in 6 days. Jacob "re-united" to play his last Bark Bark Bark shows ever in his home state of Arizona in 2013 with long-time drummer Michael Sanger.

paragraph: Section::::History.:The Mae Shi (2007-2009).

paragraph: Cooper joined Los Angeles-based post-punk The Mae Shi in 2007 after replacing Marcus Savino on drums. He, along with bandmates Bill Gray and Jon Gray, left a year later due primarily to founding member Jeff Byron's substance abuse issues.

paragraph: Cooper explained in an e-mail statement, "Helping hands were extended; we were supportive and respectful about the time to heal and even tried reaching out to Jeff when we were specifically told not to contact him by those closest to him." Cooper and the Grays formed a new band, Signals. Cooper later joined the noise rock/surf punk band Wavves.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Wavves (2010-2013).

paragraph: Jacob replaced Billy Hayes of Wavves in November 2010 and immediately began an arena tour supporting the French band, Phoenix (band). After several US/international tours and television appearances on David Letterman and The Daily Habit with GZA (Wu Tang Clan, Jacob left the band in 2013. Brian Hill (The Soft Pack/The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower) began playing drums soon after.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Heaven (2012-Present).

paragraph: Jacob premiered several demos for a new solo project he had been working on between tours with Wavves called Heaven and formed a live band to play their first show at the Echo on Halloween night of 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Discography and Appearances.

paragraph: Section::::Discography and Appearances.:Official releases and appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Cooper played drums on "TV Luv Song", on the Wavves/Trash Talk split 7" (Ghost Ramp Records), 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Signals - "Silverfish / What Dreams" (Moshi Moshi Records/Retard Disco), 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Signals - "Vacation", appears on "LA COLLECTION" split 7" with The Franks (IAMSOUND Records), 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bark Bark Bark - "Tour Girlfriends" (Retard Disco), 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bark Bark Bark - "Haunts" on (Retard Disco), 2007

paragraph: Section::::Discography and Appearances.:Mixtapes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pizza The Hut Mixtape" SoundCloud stream, 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hott Summer Traxx" CD-R, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Noose and a Fire" cassette tape, 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Worst Dotted Line" CD-R, 2004

paragraph: Section::::Discography and Appearances.:Remixes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Endless Summer (Jacob Safari Remix)" for Batwings Catwings, 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Throwing Shade (Jacob Safari Remix)" for Abe Vigoda (band), 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catcher In The Riot (Signals Hot Dog Remix)" for Cubismo Grafico Five, appears on the Japanese release of "Life Is Like A Season 7"" (Niw! Records), 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "See Spaces (Jacob Safari Remix)" for TEETH, appears on the digital release of "See Spaces" (Moshi Moshi Records), 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Are Free (The Mae Shi Remix)" for Mates of State, appears on "Re-Arranged: Remixes Volume 1" (Barsuk Records), 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Your Control (The Mae Shi Remix)" for Crooked Fingers (Feat. Neko Case), appears on "Your Control EP" (Constant Artists), 2009

paragraph: Section::::Discography and Appearances.:Other appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Safari collaborated with Isaiah Toothtaker on "ИOTHING", solely using unlicensed Nine Inch Nails samples and premiered on Vice Magazine's Noisey, 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heaven premiered "Hanging Out" and "Can't Grow Up With Poison" on Vice Magazine's Noisey, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Safari produced and played drums on the tracks "Breaking Down" and "Glare" for Kid Static, featured on "It Gleams" (Metal Postcard/Cobra Music), 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Safari produced the track "Intruder" for Isaiah Toothtaker, featured on "Yiggy" (Wordemup Records), 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Safari produced the track "Pool Party" for Wallpaper. featuring Kid Static, 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- 9 original sequences were created for Job For A Cowboy on their Radio Rebellion Tour as segues between songs, 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- 13 original tracks were created for Tucson-based pyrotechnic troupe Flam Chen for their "Kaboom", 2006

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jacob Safari on SoundCloud

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heaven on SoundCloud

alias:
Jacob Alonzo Cooper
Jacob Safari

description: American musician

wikidata_label: Jacob Cooper

wikipedia_title: Jacob Cooper


text: New Objectivity

text: Magical Realism

text: Wehrmacht

text: Poland

text: Breslau

text: Linz

text: World War I

text: Anton Lutz

text: Klemens Brosch

text: Franz Bitzan

text: Heinz Bitzan

text: Claire Annabel Caroline Grant Duff

text: Viennese Secession

text: Gustav Klimt

text: Leopold Museum

text: Museumsquartier

text: Vienna

text: Austria

text: Albertina

text: Entry

text: Aeiou Encyclopedia

categories: Austrian male painters,People from the Province of Silesia,People from Wrocław,1891 births,20th-century Austrian painters,1945 deaths,Austrian people of German descent

paragraph: Franz Sedlacek

paragraph: Franz Sedlacek (1891–1945) was an Austrian painter who belonged to the tradition known as "New Objectivity" ("neue Sachlichkeit"), an artistic movement similar to Magical Realism. At the end of the Second World War he "disappeared" as a soldier of the Wehrmacht somewhere in Poland.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Franz Sedlacek was born in Breslau on 21 January 1891, and moved with his family to Linz in 1897. In 1909 he graduated from the Royal High School at the Fadingerstraße. A year later, he moved to Vienna and studied architecture and chemistry. After serving in World War I, he completed his studies and in 1921 began working at the Technical Museum of Vienna.

paragraph: In 1923, Sedlacek married Maria Albrecht. The couple raised two daughters.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: In 1913, Sedlacek founded an artistic association in Linz with Anton Lutz, Klemens Brosch, Franz Bitzan, and Heinz Bitzan. Sedlacek began as a graphic artist, and later turned to oil painting.

paragraph: In 1925 he produced a number of watercolours for Claire Annabel Caroline Grant Duff's Book "The Unicorn".

paragraph: In 1927, Sedlacek joined the Viennese Secession, an association of artists that was founded by Gustav Klimt and others in 1897.

paragraph: A collection of his works is on exhibition at the Leopold Museum in the Museumsquartier in Vienna, Austria, including the 1931 painting, "Lied in der Dämmerung" ("Song in the Twilight"), as well as in the Albertina Museum. Also "Sturm" (Storm) 1932 in the Belvedere Museum Vienna.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry with the Aeiou Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography, Literature and Works by Franz Sedlacek

description: Austrian artist

wikidata_label: Franz Sedlacek

wikipedia_title: Franz Sedlacek


text:
Oman
footballer
goalkeeper
Dhofar S.C.S.C.
Oman Elite League
2002 FIFA World Cup qualification
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
2004 Gulf Cup of Nations
2004 AFC Asian Cup
2007 AFC Asian Cup qualification
2007 Gulf Cup of Nations
2007 AFC Asian Cup
2009 Gulf Cup of Nations
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
Thailand
1997 FIFA U-17 World Championship
Egypt
Dhofar S.C.S.C.
Hashim Saleh

categories: Dhofar S.C.S.C. players,Asian Games competitors for Oman,Omani footballers,1981 births,2004 AFC Asian Cup players,Oman international footballers,Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games,Living people,Association football goalkeepers

paragraph: Badar Jumaa Al-Alawi

paragraph: Badar Juma Subait Al-Alawi (; born 6 December 1981), commonly known as Badar Juma, is an Omani former footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for Dhofar S.C.S.C. in the Oman Elite League.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Badar was selected for the national team for the first time in 2000. He has made appearances in the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification and in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification and has represented the national team in 2004 Gulf Cup of Nations, the 2004 AFC Asian Cup, the 2007 AFC Asian Cup qualification, the 2007 Gulf Cup of Nations, the 2007 AFC Asian Cup, the 2009 Gulf Cup of Nations, the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification and the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification.

paragraph: Although he has not officially retired from the national team, and being still available for international duty, he has not frequently featured for the national team. The last time he represented the team was in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Thailand.

paragraph: Badar also played at 1997 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Egypt with fellow Dhofar S.C.S.C. teammate, Hashim Saleh.

description: Omani footballer

wikidata_label: Badar Jumaa

wikipedia_title: Badar Jumaa Al-Alawi


text: George of Lencastre

text: Duke of Coimbra

text: George of Lencastre, 2nd Duke of Aveiro

text: Battle of Alcácer Quibir

text: Sebastian I of Portugal

text: Infante

text: George of Lencastre

text: aristocratic

text: Philip II of Spain

text: "Dom"

text: Dona

text: Dukes of Aveiro

text: Duke of Aveiro

text: Duke of Torres Novas

text: Honorific

text: style

text: Excellency

text: House of Braganza

text: Azeitão

text: Arrábida

text: John of Lencastre

text: Afonso of Lencastre

text: Marquis of Porto Seguro

text: Marquis of Sardoal

text: Duke of Abrantes

text: Count of Faro

text: Marquis of Gouveia

text: Count of Basto

text: Peter of Lencastre

text: Archbishop of Évora

text: 5th Duke of Aveiro

text: Luís of Lencastre

text: Spain

text: Infante George of Lencastre

text: Duke of Aveiro

text: Duke of Torres Novas

text: Marquis of Torres Novas

categories: Dukes of Aveiro,Portuguese nobility,Dukes of Abrantes,1540 births

paragraph: Álvaro of Lencastre, 3rd Duke of Aveiro

paragraph: Álvaro of Lencastre (1540–1626) was the son of Afonso of Lencastre, second son of infante George of Lencastre, 2nd Duke of Coimbra.

paragraph: Section::::Disputed inheritance.

paragraph: When George of Lencastre, 2nd Duke of Aveiro died, in 1578 in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir, together with King Sebastian I of Portugal and most Portuguese nobles, the Dukedom of Aveiro was claimed by two pretenders:

paragraph: BULLET::::- his daughter, Juliana of Lencastre (1560–1636);

paragraph: BULLET::::- his cousin, Álvaro of Lencastre (1540–1626), his closest male relative, son of Alphonse of Lencastre ("Afonso de Lencastre"), 2nd son of Infante George of Lencastre.

paragraph: According to the ("Mental Law"), females could not inherit their father’s lands and fiefs (except with a specific royal permission). That was why Álvaro of Lencastre claimed his cousin's inheritance, to prevent the extinction of such a remarkable aristocratic House.

paragraph: This dispute took about 2 decades, and finally, King Philip I of Portugal (also known as Philip II of Spain) decided that "Dom" Álvaro should marry his cousin, "Dona" Juliana, in order to inherit his family titles and estates, and they became jointly 3rd Dukes of Aveiro.

paragraph: This marriage took place in 1598 and, for that occasion, the King granted the Dukes special honours:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duke of Aveiro became a "de juro e herdade" title (which meant that the King was obliged to renew the title in its rightful heir);

paragraph: BULLET::::- the new title of Duke of Torres Novas was granted to the Duke of Aveiro’s heir;

paragraph: BULLET::::- the official Honorific style of Excellency, granted to the House of Braganza in 1579, was also granted to this House

paragraph: The Ducal Palace was located in Azeitão, where, attached to the palace, they also built a hospital. They granted a huge protection to the Arrábida convent, founded by the 1st Duke, John of Lencastre, where they both are buried.

paragraph: The couple had sixteen children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- George of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Torres Novas (1594–1632), died before his mother, so he never inherited the Dukedom of Aveiro, which passed to his older son;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Afonso of Lencastre (1597- ? ), Marquis of Porto Seguro, Marquis of Sardoal and 1st Duke of Abrantes (the last two as Spanish titles);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madalena of Lencastre (1599- ? ), married to Dinis de Faro, 3rd Count of Faro;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria of Lencastre (1602- ? ), married to Manrique Silva, 1st Marquis of Gouveia;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Violante of Lencastre (1604- ? ), married to Lourenço Pires de Castro, 3rd Count of Basto;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter of Lencastre (1608–1673), Archbishop of Évora, who later became 5th Duke of Aveiro, after his nephew’s death;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luís of Lencastre (1609–1673), married to Teresa Maria Saavedra, 4th Marchioness of Malagón, in Spain;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2 sons were priests;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 4 daughters were nuns;

paragraph: BULLET::::- 3 children died young.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Infante George of Lencastre

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duke of Aveiro

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duke of Torres Novas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marquis of Torres Novas

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of Álvaro of Lencastre, 3rd Duke of Aveiro, in Portuguese

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of Juliana of Lencastre, 3rd Duchess of Aveiro, in Portuguese

description: Third Duke of Aveiro

wikidata_label: Álvaro of Lencastre, 3rd Duke of Aveiro

wikipedia_title: Álvaro of Lencastre, 3rd Duke of Aveiro


text:
Irish
Rahugh
County Westmeath
Uí Néill
Fiachu mac Néill
accessed 3 Sept 2010

categories: 6th-century Irish people,Pre-diocesan bishops in Ireland,Medieval saints of Meath,People from County Westmeath,589 deaths

paragraph: Áed mac Bricc

paragraph: Áed mac Bricc (died 589) was an Irish bishop and saint.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Áed's principal church was at Rahugh (Ráith Áeda Meic Bricc) in modern County Westmeath. He was regarded as a patron saint of the Uí Néill and was said to be a descendant of Fiachu mac Néill. When his brothers refused to allow him a share of the land his father had maintained, Áed carried off a girl who belonged to them. He hoped to force his brothers to give him his patrimony through this injury, but then he met the bishop St Illann, who convinced him to give up his claims to the land and to let the girl go.

paragraph: Áed mac Bricc's life in the Codex Salmanticensis presents Áed as a peacemaker between Munster and the Uí Néill, and between Mide and Tethbae, befitting his cross-border descent through his mother, Eithne, from the neighbouring Munster people of Múscraige Tíre (north-west co. Tipperary).

paragraph: An early Latin "Life" of Áed, perhaps dating from the period 750–850, survives. Although the "Life" borrows from Adomnán's life of Columba, a copy of which may have been obtained from the nearby monastery of Durrow, its central concerns are with local violence and with the poverty and insecurity of women, especially nuns. Áed seems to have had a profound interest in the well-being of religious women. He frequently visited settlements of holy virgins who received him with the respect due to a man of his position. On one occasion, when he perceived that the girl serving him was pregnant he fled from the building both to avoid the pollution and to shame her. She confessed her sins and did penance. Áed was not one to leave someone under his care in a difficult situation; he blessed her womb and the baby disappeared as if it had never been there.

paragraph: Section::::Patronage.

paragraph: Medieval incantations against headache enumerate bodily organs to be protected. One 8th-century Latin hymn from Lake Constance using this device is addressed to St. Aid "mechprech", who has been identified as Aed Mac Bricc, Bishop of Killare, 6th century. An episode in the "Life" in which he heals Brigit of headache is echoed in the ninth-century Irish life of Brigit. A stone close to the existing church is still associated with the curing of headaches.

paragraph: Section::::Sources and further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles-Edwards, T. M. (2000), "Early Christian Ireland", Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emmons, James B. Tschen. "The Limits of Late Antiquity: The Life of St. Aed mac Bricc and the Irish Literati in Late Antiquity." Diss. UC Santa Barbara, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emmons, Jim Tschen. "Spiritual Landscapes: The Late Antique Desert in Ireland." In "The Rhetoric of Power in Late Antiquity: Religion and Politics in Byzantium, Europe and the Early Islamic World". Robert M. Frakes, Elizabeth dePalma Digeser, and Justin Stephens, eds. London: I.B. Tauris, 2010. pp. 125–143.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nagy, Joseph Falaky (1997), "Conversing with angels and ancients: literary myths of medieval Ireland", Ithaca: Cornell University Press,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nathalie Stalmans and T. M. Charles-Edwards, "Meath, saints of (act. c.400–c.900)", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press", 2004; online edn, May 2007 accessed 3 Sept 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sharpe, Richard. "Medieval Irish Saints' Lives: An Introduction to Vitae Sanctorum Hiberniae". Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.

description: Irish bishop and saint

wikidata_label: Áed mac Bricc

wikipedia_title: Áed mac Bricc


text: Blackfoot

text: Montana

text: Highwood, Montana

text: Blackfoot

text: scarlet fever

text: North Dakota School for the Deaf

text: Devils Lake, North Dakota

text: Great Falls, Montana

text: St. John School for the Deaf

text: Milwaukee, Wisconsin

categories: Blackfoot people,Deaf artists,1970 deaths,People from Chouteau County, Montana,1881 births,Artists from Montana

paragraph: John Louis Clarke

paragraph: John Louis Clarke (May 10, 1881 – November 20, 1970) was a Blackfoot wood carver from Montana.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Clarke was born in Highwood, Montana. His Blackfoot name was Cutapuis. He became deaf from scarlet fever in childhood in an outbreak that killed five of his brothers. He attended the North Dakota School for the Deaf in Devils Lake, North Dakota; the Montana School for the Deaf and the Blind in Great Falls, Montana; and the St. John School for the Deaf in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

description: American artist

wikidata_label: John Louis Clarke

wikipedia_title: John Louis Clarke


text:
British
Whig
Lord Mayor of London
Quaker
Reading, Berkshire
Play Hatch
Sonning
baptised
Anglican
Henry Compton
Bishop of London
1722 general election
City of London
Act of Parliament
Stock-Jobbing
Sheriffs of London
Lord Mayor of London
Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
War of the Austrian Succession
Wendover
Orford
1761 general election
Lord Cobham
Stowe
Elizabeth I
Francis Drake

categories: Sheriffs of the City of London,British MPs 1734–1741,Whig (British political party) MPs,1764 deaths,1680s births,British MPs 1727–1734,British MPs 1754–1761,British MPs 1741–1747,Politicians awarded knighthoods,British MPs 1722–1727,Knights Bachelor,British MPs 1747–1754,18th-century Lord Mayors of London,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies

paragraph: John Barnard (British politician)

paragraph: Sir John Barnard ("c." 1685 – 28 August 1764) was a British Whig politician and Lord Mayor of London.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Barnard was the son of a Quaker merchant from Reading, Berkshire, also named John Barnard and his wife, Sarah, daughter of Robert Payne of Play Hatch in Oxfordshire part of Sonning. He abandoned the Quakers early in his life, and is said to have been baptised into the Anglican faith by Henry Compton, Bishop of London.

paragraph: The younger John Barnard initially worked alongside his father as a London City merchant. He was elected at the 1722 general election as one of the four members of parliament (MPs) for the City of London.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Barnard was a vigorous campaigner for the commercial interests that were his principal City of London constituency. In 1734 he successfully promoted an Act of Parliament "to prevent the infamous practice of Stock-Jobbing". This Act, which was renewed in 1737, later became known as "Sir John Barnard's Act" in recognition of his efforts. He was selected one of the two Sheriffs of London for 1736-37.

paragraph: His campaign for City interests continued in the Parliament of 1737, with proposed legislation to reduce interest payments on the national debt, thereby lowering commercial taxation. A further clause would have introduced a Playhouse Act to regulate operation of theatres in the City of London, the disorderly operation of which posed risks of local theft or property damage. Both measures were defeated by the Parliamentary majority headed by Sir Robert Walpole. Nonetheless, Barnard's advocacy was rewarded via election as Lord Mayor of London later in the year.

paragraph: The defeat of Barnard's bills cemented his political opposition to Walpole's administration. From 1738 he joined a faction headed by Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke which rejected Walpole's entire legislative program. He did not take part in his faction's proclaimed secession from parliament in 1738, but did continue to speak against the government as opportunities arose, including on the proposed resolution of European disputes ahead of what would become the War of the Austrian Succession.

paragraph: On this subject in March 1738, Barnard offered a philosophy of foreign relations opposed to Walpole's attempts to reach a negotiated settlement:

paragraph: A dishonourable peace is worse than a destructive war...All nations are apt to play the bully with respect to one another; and if the government or administration of a nation has taken but one insult tamely, their neighbours will from thence judge of the character of that nation...and will accordingly treat them as bullies do noted poltroons; they will kick and cuff them upon every occasion.

paragraph: Walpole resigned as Prime Minister in February 1742. Barnard was subsequently a supporter of the proposal for an enquiry to investigate Walpole's actions over the preceding ten years with a view to making charges of corruption. He was one of the 21 members named to the enquiry, but little progress was made as most of those called as witnesses refused to testify. The only substantive allegation – that of bribing electors in the districts of Wendover and Orford – failed when it became clear the evidence was essentially hearsay. Barnard supported a subsequent motion to introduce a Bill of Indemnity pardoning witnesses from any crimes if they testified against Walpole or his Ministers, but the legislation was defeated in the House of Lords.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Barnard left Parliament at the 1761 general election, and died in 1764.

paragraph: He is commemorated in an ornate bust displayed in the Temple of British Worthies at Lord Cobham's country house at Stowe, alongside similar statuesof Elizabeth I and Sir Francis Drake.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- London Stock Exchange (1986). "Sir John Barnard's Act 1734. Reproduced from the original Crown Printers' Copies". Welwyn Garden City: Bournehill Press.

description: Lord Mayor of London

wikidata_label: John Barnard

wikipedia_title: John Barnard (British politician)


text: House of Solms Baruth

text: Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia

text: Christian IX of Denmark

text: duke

text: Victoria Adelaide

text: Glücksburg Castle

text: Adelaide

text: Solms-Baruth

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Lower Lusatia

text: German Mediatization

text: Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

text: Salzburg, Austria

categories: Princesses of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg,House of Solms-Baruth,1894 births,People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein,House of Glücksburg,1972 deaths

paragraph: Princess Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Viktoria-Irene Adelheid Auguste Alberta Feodora Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; 11 May 1894 – 28 January 1972) was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg by birth and a member of the House of Solms Baruth and Countess of Solms Baruth through her marriage to Count Hans of Solms-Baruth.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Princess Karoline Mathilde was born on 11 May 1894 at Grünholz Manor, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia, the sixth and youngest child and fifth and youngest daughter of Frederick Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderbug-Glücksburg, and his wife Princess Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.

paragraph: Frederick Ferdinand was the eldest son of Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and a nephew of Christian IX of Denmark. Upon the death of his father in 1885, he had succeeded to the headship of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and the title of duke. Her eldest sister, Victoria Adelaide, was the consort of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: She married Count Hans of Solms-Baruth on 27 May 1920 at Glücksburg Castle. Count Hans was the third son of Friedrich II, Prince of Solms-Baruth and his wife Countess Luise of Hochberg and a younger brother of Hereditary Prince Friedrich of Solms Baruth, the husband of Karoline Mathilde's elder sister Adelaide. Solms-Baruth was one of the many minor states of the Holy Roman Empire, located in Lower Lusatia. It had lost its independence in the German Mediatization of 1806.

paragraph: Karoline Mathilde and Hans had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Countess Viktoria-Luise Frederica Caroline Matildhe of Solms-Baruth (13 March 1921 – 1 March 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Count Friedrich Hans of Solms-Baruth (3 March 1923 – 13 November 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Count Hubertus of Solms-Baruth (7 December 1934 – 22 October 1991)

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In 1942, her daughter Viktoria married her first cousin Prince Friedrich Josias of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, youngest son of her sister Victoria Adelaide, and later the pretender to the ducal throne of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Count Hans died on 9 October 1971 in Salzburg, Austria. Countess Karoline Mathilde died on 28 January 1972, also in Salzburg.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile of Karoline Mathilde Prinzessin zu Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, thePeerage.com; accessed 15 August 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Caroline Mathilde von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg profile, genealogics.org; accessed 15 April 2014.

description: German princess


text: motorcyclist

categories: Year of birth missing,Year of death missing,French motorcycle racers,Place of birth missing

paragraph: André Grapperon

paragraph: André Grapperon was a French champion motorcyclist.

description: French motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Andre Grapperon

wikipedia_title: André Grapperon


text:
footballer
striker
Újpest FC
FC Sète
Olympique Lillois
Saint-Étienne
Ligue 1 topscorer
Lausanne Sports

categories: 1912 births,AS Saint-Étienne players,Hungarian expatriate footballers,FC Sète 34 players,Hungarian footballers,Ligue 2 players,Lille OSC players,Ligue 1 players,Association football forwards,Expatriate footballers in France,FC Lausanne-Sport players,Újpest FC players,1960 deaths,Expatriate footballers in Switzerland

paragraph: István Lukács

paragraph: István Lukács, known in French as Étienne Lukacs, (14 October 1912 – 1960) was a Hungarian professional footballer who played as a striker. Lukács played in Hungary for Újpest FC and in France for FC Sète, Olympique Lillois, Saint-Étienne between 1933 and 1937, and was the Ligue 1 topscorer in the 1933–34 season, scoring 28 goals. Lukács later played in Switzerland for Lausanne Sports.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marc Barreaud, "Dictionnaire des footballeurs étrangers du championnat professionnel français (1932-1997)", l'Harmattan, 1997.

description: footballer

wikidata_label: István Lukács

wikipedia_title: István Lukács


text:
Royal Navy
Member of Parliament
Bridport
War of the Austrian Succession
George Anson
Marquis de la Jonquière
Cape Finisterre
Battle of Cape Finisterre
Stowe House
Richard Grenville
George
Richard
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham
Cobham Cubs
Patriot Whig
Lord Cobham
captain
Cape St. Vincent
Veracruz
Cadiz
Bridport
lords of the admiralty
George Anson
Marquis de la Jonquière
Cape Finisterre
Battle of Cape Finisterre
George Lyttelton
Wotton Underwood
house at Stowe
Old Style
Julian calendar

categories: Royal Navy personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession,1747 deaths,British military personnel killed in the War of the Austrian Succession,British MPs 1741–1747,Royal Navy officers,1719 births,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies

paragraph: Thomas Grenville (Royal Navy officer)

paragraph: Thomas Grenville (4 April 1719 – 3 May 1747) was an officer of the Royal Navy and Member of Parliament for Bridport. He saw service during the War of the Austrian Succession.

paragraph: Born into a politically well-connected family, Thomas Grenville rose quickly through the naval ranks to his first commands during the War of the Austrian Succession. A fortunate encounter while in his first command brought him a valuable prize, while political influence ensured he received prime postings. He was to have gone on an independent cruise early in 1747, but the requirements of the service meant that he was instead attached to the fleet in the Atlantic under George Anson. Anson came across a French fleet under the Marquis de la Jonquière, off Cape Finisterre and attacked them in the Battle of Cape Finisterre. He won a decisive victory, but Grenville was among the casualties, having been wounded in the leg, and subsequently dying of his injuries after a few hours. His body was returned to England for burial, and a memorial was raised to his memory by his relative, at Stowe House.

paragraph: Section::::Family and early career.

paragraph: Thomas Grenville was born on 4 April 1719, the seventh son of the politician Richard Grenville. His older brothers, George and Richard, also became distinguished politicians. George served as Prime Minister between 1763 and 1765. Thomas was brother-in-law to William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. He was politically close to both men as all were Cobham Cubs of the Patriot Whig persuasion, a grouping led by his uncle Lord Cobham.

paragraph: Thomas Grenville entered the Royal Navy, and had risen to the rank of lieutenant by 1740, and captain by 1742. He was given command of the 50-gun on 6 April 1742, and while sailing off Cape St. Vincent in March 1743, he captured a Spanish ship sailing from Veracruz to Cadiz with an extremely valuable cargo, valued at £120,000 or £130,000. In a letter to his brother George, Grenville estimated his share as being probably between £30,000 and £40,000, but it does not seem to have actually amounted to more than half. He was then appointed to the 50-gun and served off the coast of Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Later career and death.

paragraph: Grenville was moved to the 60-gun in 1746, and was elected as MP for the naval town of Bridport on 12 December 1746. He was ordered on an independent cruise in early 1747, due of the influence of his brother George, who was at this time one of the lords of the admiralty, but at the last moment his orders were changed and Grenville was ordered to join the fleet under George Anson. The change in orders caused annoyance, though Anson wrote to George Grenville to promise that he would detach Thomas as soon as he was able.

paragraph: On 3 May, Anson came across a French squadron, under the command of the Marquis de la Jonquière, off Cape Finisterre and attacked them. In the Battle of Cape Finisterre, Anson won a decisive victory, but Grenville was among the casualties. He had been hit by a large splinter two hours into the engagement, which smashed his left thigh. The leg was at once amputated, but Grenville succumbed to his wounds five hours later. His body was returned to England, where George Lyttelton wrote that the joy of the victory "is palled to our family by the loss of poor Captain Grenville, one of the most promising young men in the navy, and who, had he lived, would have been an honour not to his family only, but to his country." Thomas Grenville was buried at the family seat in Wotton Underwood. His uncle, Lord Cobham, raised a column to his memory in the grounds of his house at Stowe.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: a. The dates in the article are in the Old Style, from the Julian calendar which was then in use in Britain.

description: Royal Navy officer killed in action during the War of the Austrian Succession

wikidata_label: Thomas Grenville

wikipedia_title: Thomas Grenville (Royal Navy officer)


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Bishop

text: Diocese of Portland

text: Maine

text: Cambridge, Massachusetts

text: County Galway

text: Ireland

text: Matignon High School

text: Cardinal O’Connell Minor Seminary

text: Jamaica Plain

text: Basselin Foundation Scholarship

text: The Catholic University of America

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: North American College

text: Rome

text: Bachelor of Sacred Theology

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: priest

text: Archdiocese of Boston

text: Humberto Cardinal Medeiros

text: Watertown

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: Licentiate of Canon Law

text: Doctor of Canon Law

text: summa cum laude

text: Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger

text: Prelate of Honor

text: Pope John Paul II

text: monsignor

text: Canon Law Society of America

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Auxiliary Bishop

text: Titular Bishop

text: Cathedral of the Holy Cross

text: Seán Cardinal O'Malley

text: Archbishop John Nienstedt

text: St.Paul-Minneapolis

text: Bishop Robert Evans

text: Providence

text: St. Paul's Letter to the Ephesians

text: Canon Law Society of America

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Bishop Randolph Calvo

text: Reno

text: Bishop Mark Bartchak

text: Altoona-Johnstown

text: Diocese of Portland

text: Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland

categories: American Roman Catholic bishops,Religious leaders from Massachusetts,Catholic University of America alumni,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston,Pontifical North American College alumni,Roman Catholic bishops of Portland,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,1946 births,People from Cambridge, Massachusetts,Living people

paragraph: Robert Deeley

paragraph: Robert Peter Deeley (June 18, 1946) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church currently serving as the Bishop of the Diocese of Portland, Maine.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Robert Peter Deeley was born on June 18, 1946 in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Michael and Mary Deeley, both immigrants from County Galway, Ireland. In 1964, after graduating from Matignon High School in Cambridge, Deeley went to Cardinal O’Connell Minor Seminary in Jamaica Plain.

paragraph: After two years, he was awarded the Basselin Foundation Scholarship and attended The Catholic University of America, where he graduated in 1968 with a Bachelor of Arts. He then continued studies at the North American College in Rome, earning a Bachelor of Sacred Theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in 1972.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Ordination and ministry.

paragraph: On July 14, 1973, Deeley was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Boston by Humberto Cardinal Medeiros in his home parish of Sacred Heart in Watertown.

paragraph: Following ordination, Deeley was an associate pastor and then Secretary to the Metropolitan Tribunal of the Archdiocese of Boston. In 1981, he returned to the Pontifical Gregorian University, where he earned a Licentiate of Canon Law in 1983, and a Doctor of Canon Law "summa cum laude" in 1986. His dissertation was entitled: "The Mandate for Those who Teach Theology in Institutes of Higher Studies: An Interpretation of the Meaning of Canon 812 of the Code of Canon Law."

paragraph: Back in Boston, he served in various capacities in the Metropolitan Tribunal before being called to work in the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger in 2004. This was a job he kept until 2010, when he returned to Boston and was named Vicar General and Moderator of the Curia in 2011. He was named a Prelate of Honor in 1995 by Pope John Paul II. giving him the title of "monsignor." He was also president of the Canon Law Society of America in 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Auxiliary Bishop of Boston.

paragraph: On November 9, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI named then-Msgr. Deeley Auxiliary Bishop of Boston and Titular Bishop of Kearney. He was consecrated on January 4, 2013 at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross by Seán Cardinal O'Malley. Archbishop John Nienstedt of St.Paul-Minneapolis and Bishop Robert Evans of Providence, who were both classmates of Deeley's at the North American College, served as co-consecrators. Deeley chose ""Veritatem facere in caritate"" ("Living the truth in love") from St. Paul's Letter to the Ephesians as his Episcopal motto, because he believes that is "the heart of our challenge in the Church today."

paragraph: Deeley is the third President of the Canon Law Society of America to be named bishop by Pope Benedict XVI, joining Bishop Randolph Calvo of Reno and Bishop Mark Bartchak of Altoona-Johnstown.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Portland, Maine.

paragraph: Bishop Deeley was installed as bishop of the Diocese of Portland in Maine on February 14, 2014 in a Mass at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Portland on February 14, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland official website

description: prelate of the Roman Catholic Church from America

wikidata_label: Robert Deeley

wikipedia_title: Robert Deeley


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Auxiliary Bishop

text: Archdiocese of Boston

text: Cambridge

text: Massachusetts

text: Boston Archdiocesan Choir School

text: Boston College High School

text: Boston College

text: Saint John's Seminary (Massachusetts)

text: Brighton

text: Massachusetts

text: License in Sacred Theology

text: Pontifical Lateran University

text: Rome

text: Washington, D.C.

text: John Paul II Institute

text: Doctorate in Sacred Theology

text: Benedict XVI

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

text: List of Catholic bishops of the United States

text: Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston

categories: Religious leaders from Massachusetts,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston,1951 births,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,21st-century Roman Catholic priests,Pontifical Lateran University alumni,American titular bishops,Living people

paragraph: Peter J. Uglietto

paragraph: Peter John Uglietto, (September 24, 1951) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church serving as an Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston and Vicar General of the Curia of Boston.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Peter J. Uglietto was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts and attended the Boston Archdiocesan Choir School and Boston College High School before attending Boston College. He then attended Saint John's Seminary (Massachusetts) in Brighton, Massachusetts, receiving a Master of Divinity degree in 1977. He was ordained to the priesthood by Humberto Cardinal Medeiros on May 21, 1977 at Boston's Cathedral of the Holy Cross. Following several years in parish and campus ministry, then-Father Uglietto earned a License in Sacred Theology under the direction of the Reverend Benedict Ashley, O.P. from the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome at the Washington, D.C. campus of John Paul II Institute for Studies in Marriage and Family. He later earned a Doctorate in Sacred Theology under the direction of Professor William E. May, Ph.D. from the same institution.

paragraph: Uglietto was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as Titular Bishop of Thubursicum and Auxiliary Bishop of Boston on June 30, 2010 by Benedict XVI. Peter J. Uglietto was consecrated Bishop on September 14, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meeting of International College in Medway, USA - Teams of Our Lady

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Peter John Uglietto

wikipedia_title: Peter J. Uglietto


text: Vandoncourt

text: San Diego

text: Institut industriel du Nord

text: École Centrale de Lille

text: Deperdussin

text: Deperdussin Monocoque (SPAD)

text: Harold D. Kantner

text: monocoque

text: monoplane

text: biplane

text: SPAD

text: Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company

text: Engineering Division

text: United States Army Air Service

text: McCook Field

text: aerial application

text: Curtiss JN-4

text: McCook Field

text: Dormoy Bathtub

text: Buhl Aircraft Company

text: Buhl-Verville CA-3/J-4 Airster

text: Buhl Airsedan

text: Buhl Bull Pup

text: Buhl A-1 Autogyro

text: autogyro

text: Boeing

text: Convair

text: General Dynamics

text: monocoque

text: Deperdussin Monocoque

text: SPAD

text: American Expeditionary Forces

text: United States Army Air Service

text: SPAD S.VII

text: SPAD S.XIII

text: Orenco B

text: Dormoy Bathtub

text: Buhl-Verville CA-3 Airster

text: type certificate

text: Buhl CA-1 Airster

text: Buhl Airsedan

text: Buhl Bull Pup

text: Buhl A-1 Autogyro

text: autogyro

text: Boeing P-26 Peashooter

text: Convair 240

text: Etienne Dormoy, 1885-1959 (Biography)

text: Photos : Dormoy in 1925

text: Note on Dormoy

categories: French aerospace engineers,1885 births,1959 deaths

paragraph: Étienne Dormoy

paragraph: Étienne Dormoy (Vandoncourt, France, 10 February 1885 – San Diego, USA, 28 February 1959) was an aeronautical engineer and a designer of aircraft.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Etienne Dormoy graduated in 1906 as an electrical engineer from Institut industriel du Nord (École Centrale de Lille, France). He worked as an aircraft designer for Deperdussin (Deperdussin Monocoque (SPAD)) in France.

paragraph: He met Harold D. Kantner in France in 1913. He was then seconded to Maximilian Schmitt Aeroplane & Motor Works (Paterson, NJ), wherein he designed the first monocoque fuselage aircraft produced in USA. With this monoplane, Harold D. Kantner won the NY Times race on 4 April 1914. The aircraft was re-engineered as a biplane with a 100 hp engine and tested for military applications at San Diego, CA.

paragraph: Dormoy returned to France at the beginning of World War I, working for SPAD. In 1917, he joined the French industry delegation in the United States for SPAD technology transfer to Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company at Elmwood (Buffalo, NY).

paragraph: After the war, Dormoy worked for the Engineering Division of the United States Army Air Service at McCook Field (Dayton, OH) from 1919 to 1925. There, he tested aerial applications, including a United States Army Air Service Curtiss JN-4 modified for aerial crop dusting in 1921

paragraph: . At McCook Field, he designed the ultra-light Dormoy Bathtub in 1924, after two prototypes built in 1919 and 1920. Dormoy earned the 'Dayton Daily News Light Airplane Race and Rickenbacker Trophy' in 1924.

paragraph: Dormoy joined Buhl Aircraft Company in Detroit, MI, from 1925 to 1932, wherein he designed several types of sport and utility aircraft. Dormoy contributed to the first type-approval of a US aircraft (US type certificate n°1 - March 1927 for Buhl-Verville CA-3/J-4 Airster). Acting as Buhl's chief engineer, Dormoy designed the Buhl Airsedan in 1928 (number built  60) and the cheap Buhl Bull Pup in 1930 (number built  100) that were relative successes at the onset of the Great Depression. Buhl Airsedan Spokane Sun God was used to make the first nonstop roundtrip flight across the United States in August 1929. Dormoy also prototyped the Buhl A-1 Autogyro, world first autogyro with rear propulsion motor in 1931.

paragraph: Dormoy joined Boeing in Seattle, WA, around 1932-1934 and Consolidated Aircraft Corporation of San Diego (Convair-General Dynamics) in San Diego, CA, from 1936 to 1958.

paragraph: Section::::Aircraft designs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maximilian Schmitt Aeroplane & Motor Works : First monocoque fuselage aircraft produced in USA, derived from Deperdussin Monocoque

paragraph: BULLET::::- SPAD : US adaptation and production of SPAD aircraft for American Expeditionary Forces and United States Army Air Service, including 189 SPAD S.VII and 893 SPAD S.XIII

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orenco B

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dormoy Bathtub

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buhl-Verville CA-3 Airster : The Airster CA/J-4 is the first type-approved US aircraft (US type certificate n°1 - March 1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buhl CA-1 Airster

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buhl Airsedan (number built  60)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buhl Bull Pup (number built  100)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buhl A-1 Autogyro : World first autogyro with rear propulsion motor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boeing P-26 Peashooter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Convair 240

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruce H. Charnov, From autogiro to gyroplane: the amazing survival of an aviation technology, Praeger, 2003 ( and ), P. 89, 90, 98

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert F. Pauley, Michigan Aircraft Manufacturers Images of Aviation Series, Arcadia Publishing, 2009 ( and )

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeffrey R. Davis, M.D., Robert Johnson, Jan Stepanek, M.D, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008 ( and )

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bill Gunston, World encyclopaedia of aircraft manufacturers: from the pioneers to the present day, Naval Institute Press, 1993 ( and )

paragraph: Section::::Links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Etienne Dormoy, 1885-1959 (Biography)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photos : Dormoy in 1925

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dormoy's pilot licence from Fédération aéronautique internationale

paragraph: BULLET::::- Note on Dormoy

paragraph: BULLET::::- US Patent 2045638 from Etienne Dormoy assigned to Boeing, Means to assist movement of airplane control surface, December 18, 1934

description: French engineer, aircraft designer

wikidata_label: Étienne Dormoy

wikipedia_title: Étienne Dormoy


text: Ptolemy VIII

text: Egypt

text: Cleopatra III

text: Ptolemy IX

text: Cleopatra IV

text: Ptolemy X

text: Syrian

text: Seleucid

text: Cleopatra I

text: Ptolemy V

text: Antiochus VIII

text: Antiochus IX

text: Antiochus X

text: SE (Seleucid year)

text: Philip I

text: Antioch

text: Antiochus XII

text: Damascus

text: Antiochus XIII

text: Tigranes II

text: Armenia

text: Aretas III

text: Nabataea

text: Ptolemais

text: Seleucid Empire

text: Ptolemaic Kingdom

text: Syrian Wars

text: Roman

text: Cleopatra I

text: Ptolemy V

text: Cleopatra Thea

text: Ptolemy VIII

text: Cleopatra III

text: Ptolemy IX

text: Ptolemy X

text: Cleopatra IV

text: Cicero

text: Appian

text: Strabo

text: moon goddess

text: Antiochus VIII

text: Antiochus IX

text: Grace Macurdy

text: Sibling marriage

text: Alexandria

text: Justin

text: Judea

text: Ptolemais

text: Herakleon of Beroia

text: Beroia

text: Antioch

text: Auguste Bouché-Leclercq

text: Seleucus VI

text: Cilicia

text: Arados

text: Antiochus X

text: Antiochus I

text: Stratonice

text: Philip I

text: Demetrius III

text: Damascus

text: Coele-Syria

text: Antiochus XII

text: Antiochus XIII

text: queen regnant

text: Phoenicia

text: Alfred Bellinger

text: Seleucia Pieria

text: Josephus

text: Asia Minor

text: Aretas III

text: Nabataeans

text: Iturea

text: jugate

text: Alpha

text: Epsilon

text: Sigma

text: Ituraean

text: Hasmonean

text: Alexander Jannaeus

text: Tigranes II invaded Syria only in 74 BC

text: Roman Senate

text: Jupiter Capitolinus

text: Mithridates VI of Pontus

text: American Historical Association

text: Nikolaus Overtoom

text: Seleucia

text: William Whiston

text: John D. Grainger

text: Near East

text: Great King

text: diadem

text: Parthian

text: Mithridates II

text: Cleopatra VII

text: Cleopatra Selene of Mauretania

text: John Whitehorne

text: Kos

text: Ptolemy XII

text: Ptolemy of Cyprus

text: John Pentland Mahaffy

text: morganatic

text: Cleopatra Berenice

text: Ptolemy XI

text: Demotic

text: Plutarch

text: Berenice IV of Egypt

text: Seleucus VII

text: Brian Kritt

text: Lloyd Llewellyn Jones

text: Michael Roy Burgess

text: List of Syrian monarchs

text: Timeline of Syrian history

text: An engraved gem

text: Bibliothèque nationale de France

text: Cabinet des Médailles

categories: Executed royalty,2nd-century BC women,130s BC births,1st-century BC Syrian people,1st-century BC women rulers,Ancient queens regnant,Queens consort of the Ptolemaic dynasty,1st-century BC Seleucid rulers,2nd-century BC Egyptian people,Ptolemaic princesses,69 BC deaths

paragraph: Cleopatra Selene of Syria

paragraph: Cleopatra Selene (; – 69 BC) was the monarch of Syria as Cleopatra II Selene (82–69 BC). She was the daughter of Ptolemy VIII of Egypt by Cleopatra III, in whose political maneuvers Cleopatra Selene, favored by her mother, became a pawn. In 115 BC, Cleopatra III forced her son Ptolemy IX to divorce his sister-wife Cleopatra IV, and chose Cleopatra Selene as the new queen consort of Egypt. Tension between the king and his mother grew and ended with his expulsion from Egypt, leaving Cleopatra Selene behind; she probably then married the new king, her other brother Ptolemy X.

paragraph: Following the marriage of the Syrian Seleucid princess Cleopatra I to Ptolemy V of Egypt, dynastic marriages between the two kingdoms became common. In 102 BC, Cleopatra III decided to establish an alliance with her nephew Antiochus VIII of Syria; Cleopatra Selene was sent as his bride. After his assassination in 96 BC, she decided to marry his brother and rival Antiochus IX. Cleopatra Selene lost her new husband in 95 BC and married a final time to Antiochus IX's son Antiochus X, who disappeared from the records and is presumed to have died in 92 BC, but may have remained in power until 89/88 BC (224 SE (Seleucid year)). Cleopatra Selene then hid somewhere in the kingdom with her children. Eventually, Syria split between the sons of Antiochus VIII with Philip I ruling in the Syrian capital Antioch and Antiochus XII in the southern city Damascus.

paragraph: Cleopatra Selene had many children by several husbands. Probably following the death of Antiochus XII in 230 SE (83/82 BC), she declared Antiochus XIII, her son by Antiochus X, king, and seems to have declared herself co-ruler; they claimed Antioch following Philip I's death. But the people of Antioch and the governor of Damascus, exhausted by the Seleucids' civil wars, invited foreign monarchs to rule them: Tigranes II of Armenia took Antioch, while Aretas III of Nabataea took Damascus. Cleopatra Selene controlled several coastal towns until Tigranes II besieged her in 69 BC in Ptolemais; the Armenian king captured the queen and later executed her.

paragraph: Section::::Historical background, family and name.

paragraph: By the second century BC, the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom were weakened by dynastic feuds, constant wars against each other (known as the Syrian Wars), and Roman interference. To ease the tension, the two dynasties intermarried. Cleopatra I of Syria married Ptolemy V of Egypt in 193 BC, and her granddaughter Cleopatra Thea married three Syrian kings in succession starting in 150 BC. Those intermarriages helped Egypt destabilize Syria which was especially fragmented between different claimants to the throne; brothers fought between themselves and Egypt interfered by supporting one claimant against the other.

paragraph: Cleopatra Selene was born between 135 and 130 BC to Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. Cleopatra Selene had many siblings, including Ptolemy IX, Ptolemy X, and Cleopatra IV. Ancient writers, such as Cicero and Appian, mention that the queen's name is Selene, and Strabo clarified that she was surnamed "Cleopatra". On the other hand, modern scholars, such as Arthur Houghton and Catharine Lorber, believed that Selene was actually an epithet. The archaeologist Nicholas L. Wright suggested that she assumed the epithet "Selene" when she became queen of Egypt and that it is a divinising epithet, indicating that Cleopatra Selene presented herself as the manifestation of the moon goddess on earth. Coins struck in her name record her as Cleopatra Selene. Selene was the name of the Greek moon goddess and it is connected to the word selas (σέλας), meaning "light". "Cleopatra" was a Ptolemaic dynastic name; it means "famous in her father" or "renowned in her ancestry". As a queen of Syria, she was the second to rule with the name 'Cleopatra'. Hence, she is termed "Cleopatra II Selene" to differentiate her from her predecessor and aunt Cleopatra I Thea, who was the mother of Cleopatra Selene's husbands Antiochus VIII and Antiochus IX. Classicist Grace Macurdy numbered Cleopatra Selene as "Cleopatra V" within the Ptolemaic dynasty and many historians have used this convention.

paragraph: Section::::Queen of Egypt.

paragraph: Sibling marriage was known in ancient Egypt and, although it was not a general practice, it was acceptable for the Egyptians; the Ptolemaics practiced it, perhaps to consolidate the dynasty. In 116 BC, Ptolemy VIII died and his will left Cleopatra III to rule alongside a co-ruler of her choice from between her two sons; she wanted to choose Ptolemy X but the people of Alexandria (the capital of Egypt) opposed this, forcing her to accept Ptolemy IX's ascension to the throne. Shortly after his elevation, Cleopatra III forced Ptolemy IX to divorce Cleopatra IV, his sister whom he had married before their father's death; the 2nd-century historian Justin implied that Cleopatra III made this a condition of accepting him as co-ruler. Cleopatra Selene, favored by her mother Cleopatra III, was chosen as the new queen consort in 115 BC. In 107 BC, the relationship between Ptolemy IX and his mother deteriorated; Cleopatra III forced him out of Egypt, and he left his wife and children behind.

paragraph: The same year, 107 BC, Cleopatra Selene was probably married off to the new king, her younger brother, Ptolemy X. In 103 BC, Ptolemy IX was fighting in Judea. The queen mother feared an alliance against her between Ptolemy IX and his friend Antiochus IX of Syria, who was fighting a civil war with his brother Antiochus VIII; this led her to send troops to Syria. Cleopatra III and Ptolemy X conquered Ptolemais, and according to Justin, the king, shocked by his mother's cruelty, abandoned her and ran away; Cleopatra III then decided to marry Cleopatra Selene to Antiochus VIII, as a step to bring Antiochus VIII to her side in order to counter an alliance between Ptolemy IX and Antiochus IX. If it is accepted that Cleopatra Selene married Ptolemy X, then Cleopatra III divorced her from him after he deserted.

paragraph: Section::::Queen of Syria.

paragraph: Section::::Queen of Syria.:Queen consort.

paragraph: The marriage of Cleopatra Selene and Antiochus VIII took place c. 102 BC; historian Leo Kadman suggested that Cleopatra III gave her daughter to the Syrian king in Ptolemais before she retreated to Egypt, and that Cleopatra Selene kept that city as her main base until the end of her life. Details of Cleopatra Selene's life with Antiochus VIII are not clear; no known offspring resulted from the marriage, though six of Antiochus VIII's children from his previous marriage are known. In 96 BC, Herakleon of Beroia, a general of Antiochus VIII, assassinated his monarch and tried to usurp the throne, but failed and retreated to his home-town Beroia. The capital of Syria, Antioch, was part of Antiochus VIII's realm at the time of his assassination; Cleopatra Selene probably resided there.

paragraph: The queen held out in the capital for a while before marrying Antiochus IX. The manner in which Antiochus IX took control of Antioch and his new wife in 95 BC is not clear; he could have taken the city by force or it could be that Cleopatra Selene herself opened the gates for him. In the view of historian Auguste Bouché-Leclercq, Cleopatra Selene had little reason to trust the five sons of her previous husband; the queen needed an ally who would help her control the capital while Antiochus IX needed a wife and Cleopatra Selene's influence over the city's garrison and her late husband's officials. It is unlikely that this marriage was received well by Antiochus VIII's sons. The first of them to act was Seleucus VI who was established in Cilicia. Within a year of his marriage to Cleopatra Selene, Antiochus IX marched against his nephew but was defeated and killed. Soon afterwards, Seleucus entered the capital. Cleopatra Selene probably fled before the new king's arrival. Alternatively, she might have been sent to Arados by Antiochus IX for protection before he marched against Seleucus.

paragraph: In 218 SE (95/94 BC), Antiochus X, the son of Antiochus IX, proclaimed himself king in Arados, and married Cleopatra Selene. The Seleucid dynasty had a precedent of a son marrying his stepmother: Antiochus I had married his stepmother Stratonice, and this might have made it easier for Cleopatra Selene. Yet, the marriage was scandalous. Appian wrote an anecdote concerning the epithet of Antiochus X, ""Eusebes"" ("the pious"): the Syrians gave it to him to mock his show of loyalty to his father by bedding his widow. The rationale for the marriage might have been pragmatic: Antiochus X sought to be king, but had little resources and needed a queen. Cleopatra Selene was in her forties and could not simply marry a foreign king. Antiochus X pushed Seleucus VI out of Antioch in 94 BC and ruled northern Syria and Cilicia, while Seleucus VI's brothers Philip I and Demetrius III ruled Beroea and Damascus respectively. The last evidence for the reign of Antiochus X is dated to 92 BC; he is generally assumed to have died at around this date. Ancient sources contain contradictory accounts and dates, and the numismatist Oliver D. Hoover suggested the date of 224 SE (89/88 BC) for Antiochus X's demise. Antioch was taken by Demetrius III then Philip I.

paragraph: Cleopatra Selene's location during the reign of Antiochus X's successors in Antioch is unknown. She evidently took shelter with her children somewhere in the kingdom, and possibly fled to Cilicia or Coele-Syria, probably the city of Ptolemais, which she held until her death. Antiochus XII, another son of Antiochus VIII who was ruling in Damascus, died in 230 SE (83/82 BC). With the throne of Antiochus XII vacant, Cleopatra Selene declared her son Antiochus XIII king.

paragraph: Based on the evidence of the coins depicting her alongside her ruling son, it appears that Cleopatra Selene acted as the regent. Many of those coins have been found, and they depict Antiochus XIII in the background and herself in the foreground, in the style of a queen regnant, where Cleopatra Selene's name is written before that of the king's. When she declared her son king, Cleopatra Selene controlled lands in Cilicia or Phoenicia or both. The archaeologist Alfred Bellinger suggested that she was in control of several coastal Syrian cities from a base in Cilicia; she certainly controlled Ptolemais and probably Seleucia Pieria. The 1st-century historian Josephus wrote of "Selene ... who ruled in Syria", indicating her continued influence despite her never controlling the capital Antioch. Her children probably remained in Cilicia or somewhere else in Asia Minor for protection, which would explain Antiochus XIII's nickname, ""Asiaticus"".

paragraph: Section::::Queen of Syria.:Queen regnant and regent.:Reign in Damascus.

paragraph: According to Josephus, "those that held Damascus" invited Aretas III, King of the Nabataeans, to rule them because they feared Ptolemy (son of Mennaeus), king of the Iturea. Damascus' history between the death of Antiochus XII and 241 SE (72/71 BC), when the Armenian king Tigranes II took the city, is obscure. Based on her jugate coins which depict her alongside Antiochus XIII, Hoover suggested that Selene operated from Damascus; those coins used a broken-bar Alpha, cursive Epsilon and squared Sigma. This typography appeared in the Damascene coins of Demetrius III and Antiochus XII and is otherwise rare in the Hellenistic world. If her currency was minted in Damascus, then it dates to the period between the death of Antiochus XII and Tigranes II's occupation of the city. Two scenarios are possible:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleopatra Selene took Damascus after Antiochus XII's death and was replaced by Aretas III before 73 BC: Josephus does not name the people of Damascus as the party who invited Aretas III, rather, his words indicate that a garrison or a governor conducted the act. All known coins of Cleopatra Selene are made of bronze, and the absence of silver coinage indicates that the queen lacked the necessary resources to defend Damascus, which would explain the invitation of Aretas III. It is also possible that Cleopatra Selene moved her capital to Ptolemais, causing her troops in Damascus to lose faith in her rule, leading them to invite the Nabataean king.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aretas III's rule in Damascus did not last long before Cleopatra Selene took control: Wright suggested that Cleopatra Selene's takeover of Damascus took place after 80 BC. Several factors might have compelled the Nabataeans to withdraw, such as the Ituraean threats or the attacks of the Hasmonean Judaean king Alexander Jannaeus, whose incursions into Nabataean lands must have made their position in Damascus difficult.

paragraph: Section::::Queen of Syria.:Queen regnant and regent.:Claiming the north.

paragraph: In the north, Philip I ruled until his death, after which Cleopatra Selene claimed the rights of her children with Antiochus X to the vacant throne. The queen's claims of authority were not generally accepted by the Syrians, and the people of Antioch invited Tigranes II to rule Syria, being frustrated by the Seleucids' constant civil wars. The year in which this event took place is debated; 83 BC is, without any proof, commonly accepted as Philip I's year of death by the majority of scholars who count on the account of Appian, who assigned a reign of fourteen years for Tigranes II, which ended in 69 BC. Oliver D. Hoover suggested that Tigranes II invaded Syria only in 74 BC, with Philip I ruling until 75 BC in Northern Syria, allowing Cleopatra Selene and Antiochus XIII to claim the country unopposed for a while. An argument in favor of Cleopatra Selene and her son being the sole claiments of Syria in 75 BC is a statement by Cicero: the Roman statesman wrote that Antiochus XIII and his brother were sent to Rome by their mother in 75 BC. They returned to Syria in 240 SE (73/72 BC); the brothers claimed the throne of Egypt based on their mother's birthright. To impress the Roman Senate, the queen endowed her children with sufficient assets, which included a jewelled candelabrum that was dedicated to the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. The Senate refused to hear their petition for the Egyptian throne, but, according to Cicero, their "de jure" right to the Syrian throne which they had inherited from their ancestors was already acknowledged.

paragraph: The statement of Cicero indicates that in 75 BC, Tigranes II was still not in control of Syria, for if he were, Antiochus XIII would have asked the Roman Senate for support to regain Syria, since Tigranes II was the son-in-law of Rome's enemy, Mithridates VI of Pontus. Likewise, Philip I could not have been alive since Antiochus XIII went to Rome without having to assert his right to Syria. In a paper presented at the 131st annual meeting of the American Historical Association, Nikolaus Overtoom, based on Hoover's chronology, suggested that Cleopatra Selene was in control of the south while Philip I ruled the north until 75 BC; his death meant that Cleopatra Selene's son was the strongest candidate to the throne, but Philip I's faction, being opposed to Cleopatra Selene, offered the crown to Tigranes II who invaded and conquered the country in 74 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Queen of Syria.:Downfall, assessment and legacy.

paragraph: The regency of Cleopatra Selene probably ended in 75 BC as the journey of Antiochus XIII to Rome indicates that he had already reached his majority or was close to it. Tigranes II, whose invasion probably took place during Antiochus XIII's absence, never controlled the entire country and took Damascus only in 72 BC. Cleopatra Selene resisted the Armenians in Ptolemais while Antiochus XIII probably took shelter in Cilicia. In 69 BC, Tigranes II besieged Ptolemais; the city fell according to Josephus, but Tigranes II had to move north fast as the Romans started attacking Armenia. According to Strabo, Tigranes II imprisoned the queen in Seleucia and later had her killed. Those accounts seem to contradict each other, but in the view of the seventeenth century historian William Whiston, they do not, since Josephus does not mention that Tigranes II captured the queen in Ptolemais. Historian John D. Grainger explained Tigranes II' action as a consequence of Cleopatra Selene's political importance; she was a winning card in the hands of her husbands, and Tigranes II sought to deny other ambitious men from acquiring influence through her. Others see Cleopatra Selene as a pawn in political schemes who later evolved into a schemer in her own right, one who decided her actions effectively based on her own benefit.

paragraph: Cleopatra Selene's long career, as the wife of three successive Syrian monarchs, and the mother of one and a ruler in her own right, in addition to her divine status, turned her into a symbol of Seleucid continuity. The ancient Near East was ruled by successive dynasties whose monarchs claimed the title of Great King, i.e. imperial overlord. When the Romans ended the Seleucid dynasty in 64 BC, they attempted to simply replace the Syrian monarchs as an imperial authority, but the political reality of Rome as a republic meant that its legitimacy in the East was questioned. The Seleucid diadem was considered a symbol of legitimacy even after the fall of the Seleucid dynasty, and many eastern kings, such as the Parthian monarch Mithridates II, used Seleucid royal iconography to gain the local nobility's support in their domains. The Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt were the closest relatives of the Seleucids and their legitimate successors; Cleopatra VII of Egypt used the name of Cleopatra Selene for her daughter Cleopatra Selene of Mauretania, born 40 BC; this can be viewed in the context of Cleopatra VII's attempts to claim the Seleucid succession rights in the East.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.:By Ptolemy IX.

paragraph: BULLET::::- According to Justin, Cleopatra Selene and Ptolemy IX had two children; the historian John Whitehorne noted that the existence of those two children is doubted and they might have died at a young age. In 103 BC, Cleopatra III sent all her grandsons and treasures to the island of Kos for protection in preparation for her war with Ptolemy IX. In 88 BC, Mithridates VI captured all the Egyptian royals in Kos; the two children of Cleopatra Selene mentioned by Justin, if they actually existed and were sent to Kos by Cleopatra III, would have been among the captured.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ptolemy XII, the father of Cleopatra VII, and his brother Ptolemy of Cyprus. Ptolemy XII's legitimacy was historically questioned; his father was certainly Ptolemy IX but his mother's identity is vague. Cicero wrote that Ptolemy XII was royal "neither in birth nor in spirit", but the classicist John Pentland Mahaffy noted that Cicero's words indicate that Ptolemy XII's mother was not a reigning queen at his birth, and so could be Cleopatra IV, whose marriage to Ptolemy IX can be considered morganatic (a marriage between people of unequal social rank), since it was not acceptable that a Ptolemaic prince marry his sister prior to his ascension to the throne.brThe historian Christopher J. Bennett considered Ptolemy XII and his brother identical with the two children mentioned by Justin, but proposed that they were the children of Cleopatra IV, considered illegitimate because of their parents' "morganatic" marriage. Hence, Cleopatra Selene was not the biological mother, rather, she was the official mother, thus explaining her attempt to raise one of her sons by Antiochus X to the throne of Egypt in 75 BC by repudiating Ptolemy XII's legitimacy. Whitehorne, citing Cleopatra Selene's denial of Ptolemy XII's illegitimacy, refused to identify Ptolemy XII and his brother as the two children mentioned in Justin's work.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleopatra Berenice (Berenice III), whose mother's identity is not certain, might have been a daughter of Cleopatra Selene, but Cleopatra IV is also a candidate and is favored by modern scholarship. Bennett noted that Berenice III's legitimacy was never questioned by ancient historians, and the illegitimacy of Ptolemy IX and Cleopatra IV's marriage makes it more probable that Berenice III was the result of a legitimate marriage, that is between her father and Cleopatra Selene.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.:By Ptolemy X.

paragraph: Ptolemy X's son, Ptolemy XI, might have been the child of Cleopatra IV. Following Cleopatra IV's expulsion from Egypt in 115 BC, she went to Cyprus where Ptolemy X resided, but she departed quickly to Syria and married Antiochus IX; if Ptolemy XI was her son, then her abandonment of Cyprus is hard to explain, and her son would not have been considered legitimate, while the legitimacy of Ptolemy XI was unquestioned. Berenice III was mentioned as a mother of Ptolemy XI in a Demotic text, but the Egyptian word used to denote a "son" can also mean a step son, which is the meaning preferred by most scholars for the word in the text mentioning Berenic III as a mother of Ptolemy XI. Cleopatra Selene is the most suitable candidate; among several arguments in favor of Cleopatra Selene, Bennett noted that Berenice III was called by Cicero a sister of Ptolemy XI. If Ptolemy XI and Bereneice III were both children of Cleopatra Selene, then the statement of Cicero can be taken literally. Cleopatra Selene's maternity of Ptolemy XI can not be confirmed, and which of Ptolemy X's wives bore Ptolemy XI remains unknown.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.:By Antiochus X.

paragraph: Identifying Antiochus X and Cleopatra Selene's children is problematic; Cicero wrote that the queen had two sons, one of them named Antiochus. More children, perhaps a daughter, might have resulted from the marriage, but it can not be confirmed; according to Plutarch, Tigranes II "put to death the successors of Seleucus, and [carried] off their wives and daughters into captivity". Thus, it is possible that Cleopatra Selene had a daughter captured by Tigranes II.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antiochus XIII: this son is the Antiochus of Cicero, who, as a sole monarch following his mother's death, appears on his coins as Antiochus Philadelphos ("brother-loving"), but on coins where Cleopatra Selene is depicted along with her ruling son, the king is named Antiochus Philometor ("mother-loving"). This has led scholars to propose various theories: , reasserting the view of Bouché-Leclercq, suggested that Cleopatra Selene had two sons, both named Antiochus. But Cicero, who left one of the brothers unnamed, is clear that only one of them was named Antiochus; for Ehling's proposal to be valid, Antiochus Philometor should be the Antiochus mentioned by Cicero, then he died and his brother, who had a different name, assumed the dynastic name Antiochus with the epithet Philadelphos, but this scenario is complicated and remains a mere hypothesis. Thus, Antiochus XIII bore two epithets: Philadelphos and Philometor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seleucus Kybiosaktes: the second son of Cleopatra Selene, who was unnamed by Cicero and does not appear in other ancient sources, is generally identified by modern scholarship with a character named Seleucus Kybiosaktes, who appeared in Egypt as a husband of Berenice IV of Egypt. Kybiosaktes was never associated with Cleopatra Selene in the ancient sources; solid evidence is lacking and the identification remains a theory.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seleucus VII: in 2002, the numismatist Brian Kritt announced the discovery and decipherment of a coin bearing the portrait of Cleopatra Selene and a co-ruler; Kritt read the name of the ruler as Seleucus Philometor and, based on the epithet, identified him with Cleopatra Selene's son, unnamed by Cicero. Kritt gave the newly discovered ruler the regnal name Seleucus VII, and considered it very likely that he is identical with Kybiosaktes. The reading of "Seleucus VII" was accepted by some scholars such as Lloyd Llewellyn Jones and Michael Roy Burgess, but Hoover rejected Kritt's reading, noting that the coin was badly damaged and some letters were unreadable; Hoover read the king's name as Antiochus and identified him with Antiochus XIII. According to Wright, if the reading of Kritt is accepted, then it is possible that Cleopatra Selene became estranged from Antiochus XIII at some point before 75 BC and declared Seleucus VII as her co-ruler.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Syrian monarchs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of Syrian history

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An engraved gem from the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Cabinet des Médailles' collection. Inventory number: inv.58.1476; the engraved portraits could be depictions of Cleopatra Selene and Antiochus IX.

paragraph: BULLET::::- One of Cleopatra Selene and Antiochus XIII's jugate coins exhibited in "The Seleucid Coins Addenda System (SCADS)" website maintained by Oliver D. Hoover.

description: queen of Egypt and Syria

wikidata_label: Cleopatra Selene of Syria

wikipedia_title: Cleopatra Selene of Syria


text:
actress
Douglas Fairbanks
"The Half-Breed"
lobar pneumonia
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cocaine
San Francisco
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Jewish
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Franklyn Farnum
Triangle Film Corporation
Reggie Mixes In
Douglas Fairbanks
cocaine
The Mystery of the Leaping Fish
The Americano
William S. Hart
Charles Gunn
Photoplay
William Randolph Hearst
Cosmopolitan Productions
Peter Paul Rubens
Humoresque
The World and His Wife
Montague Love
heroin
morphine
Find the Woman
The Valley of Silent Men
Under the Red Robe
Associated First National
Cytherea
Fox Film Corporation
East Lynne
Edmund Lowe
Lou Tellegen
Bert Lytell
Show Boat
United Press
Franklyn Farnum
Daniel Carson Goodman
Ricardo Cortez
vaudeville
lobar pneumonia
bronchitis
Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale
Fresno
Hollywood Walk of Fame
McFarland
Alma Rubens

categories: American people of Irish descent,20th-century American actresses,1897 births,1931 deaths,Actresses from San Francisco,Deaths from pneumonia,American film actresses,Vaudeville performers,American people of French descent,Deaths from bronchitis,Infectious disease deaths in California,Western (genre) film actresses,American memoirists,American stage actresses,American people of German-Jewish descent,American silent film actresses,American Roman Catholics,Burials in California

paragraph: Alma Rubens

paragraph: Alma Rubens (born Alma Genevieve Reubens; February 19, 1897 – January 21, 1931) was an American film actress and stage performer.

paragraph: Rubens began her career in the mid 1910s. She quickly rose to stardom in 1916 after appearing opposite Douglas Fairbanks in "The Half-Breed". For the remainder of the decade, she appeared in supporting roles in comedies and drama. In the 1920s, Rubens developed a drug addiction which eventually ended her career. She died of lobar pneumonia and bronchitis shortly after being arrested for cocaine possession in early January 1931.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Alma Genevieve Reubens was born on February 19, 1897 to John B. and Theresa (née Hayes) Reubens in San Francisco, California. Her father, John Reubens, born in 1857 in Germany, was Jewish, and emigrated to the United States in 1890. Alma vehemently denied any Jewish heritage throughout her lifetime however. Her mother was of Irish Catholic descent. She and her elder sister, Hazel (born 1893) were raised in their mother's faith and attended Sacred Heart Convent in San Francisco.

paragraph: Some biographies erroneously state that her birth name was Genevieve Driscoll. That name was in fact a pseudonym that she later used in a non-professional capacity, as Genevieve was her middle name and Driscoll was her maternal grandmother's maiden name.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Her first stage opportunity came when a chorus girl in a musical comedy theater troupe became ill. Rubens was chosen to take her place and joined the troupe as a regular performer. There she met Franklyn Farnum who was also a member. He later convinced Rubens to leave the troupe and try film acting.

paragraph: In 1916, Rubens signed with Triangle Film Corporation. Her first film for the company was the comedy-drama "Reggie Mixes In", starring Douglas Fairbanks. Later the same year, Rubens was re-teamed with Fairbanks for cocaine comedy "The Mystery of the Leaping Fish", "The Half-Breed" and "The Americano". The next year, Rubens co-starred in two westerns, "Truthful Tolliver" with William S. Hart and "The Firefly of Tough Luck" with Charles Gunn. In 1918, she announced that she was changing the spelling of her last name of Rueben to "Rubens" because it caused too much confusion in the movie industry and in publications. She later told "Photoplay" magazine, "As a matter of fact my name is not the same [spelling] as the painter's. It's either Reubens or Ruebens—I forget which. I never could spell it. Couldn't remember where the 'e' came. So I let it go Rubens."

paragraph: In 1920, Rubens signed with William Randolph Hearst's Cosmopolitan Productions. The studio promoted Rubens as its newest starlet, falsely claiming she was a descendant of Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens. Her first film for the studio was "Humoresque", which became the studio's only hit that year. Later that year, she starred in dramas "The World and His Wife", opposite Montague Love, and "Thoughtless Women", both of which further solidified her popularity. By 1921, Rubens had developed an addiction to heroin after she was prescribed morphine by a doctor for a physical ailment. Due to her drug use and difficult behavior on set, William Randolph Hearst removed her from a film she was set to star in but kept her on the payroll for the next two years. There were rumors that Hearst continued to pay her a salary because the two were involved romantically. Hearst denied this rumor, claiming he continued to pay Rubens because he had invested a substantial amount of money promoting her as the studio's leading lady and that good lead actresses were difficult to find. Rubens returned to the screen in 1922 with roles in "Find the Woman" and "The Valley of Silent Men". Her final film for Cosmopolitan Productions was the historical drama "Under the Red Robe" in 1923. Hearst released Ruben from her contract the same year.

paragraph: In 1924, she starred in "The Price She Paid" for Columbia Pictures Corporation and had a supporting role in the Associated First National production "Cytherea". From 1925 to 1926, she worked for Fox Film Corporation. While at Fox, she starred in the hit melodrama "East Lynne" (1925) opposite Edmund Lowe and Lou Tellegen. She also had roles in "The Gilded Butterfly" with Bert Lytell and "Siberia" (both 1926), the latter of which re-teamed Rubens with Edmund Lowe and Lou Tellegen. Her final film for Fox was 1927's "Heart of Salome", after which she decided to work freelance.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Drug abuse and decline.

paragraph: By late 1927, Rubens' drug addiction severely impacted her career as she frequently was admitted to sanitariums for treatment for months at a time. One of her latter roles was as Julie in the 1929 part-sound film version of "Show Boat", her next-to-last film roles and one of her few sound films. The soundtrack for the portion in which she spoke, however, has apparently been lost.

paragraph: In February 1929, Rubens' addiction became known publicly when she attempted to stab a physician who was taking her to a sanitarium for treatment. She was ordered to undergo treatment at the Spadra facility shortly thereafter. She later escaped despite being under the watch of four nurses and two male guards. She then was admitted to a sanatorium in Pasadena but left after 10 days. On May 15, 1929, Rubens' husband Ricardo Cortez and her mother had Rubens committed to Patton State Hospital for treatment after she resumed her drug habit. Rubens was released from Patton State Hospital in late December 1929.

paragraph: She made her first public appearance since her release on January 30, 1930 in a role in a play produced at the Writer's Club in Hollywood. Her performance was well received by the audience, and she received eight curtain calls. After the show, Rubens gave an interview to United Press stating that she was cured of her addiction. During the interview, she described her descent into drug abuse and her experiences at the sanatoriums.

paragraph: In early February 1930, Rubens traveled to New York where she announced she was now free of drug addiction and planning a comeback with a vaudeville tour in the East. She made an appearance on stage with her husband, but returned to California the same month. She was there less than two weeks when, on January 5, 1931, she was arrested by Federal officers in San Diego for cocaine possession and conspiracy to smuggle morphine from Mexico into the United States. Rubens claimed she was being framed, and physicians attested to her statements that she was not taking drugs. She later was released on $5,000 bail, and appeared for a preliminary hearing the second week of January 1931.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Rubens married three times. Her first marriage was to actor Franklyn Farnum, nearly 20 years her senior, in June 1918. Rubens and Farnum were married secretly and separated about two months later. According to Rubens' divorce petition, Farnum physically abused her and once dislocated her jaw. Their divorce was finalized in December 1919. In November 1923, she married Dr. Daniel Carson Goodman, an author and film producer. They separated in late 1924, and Rubens filed for divorce in January 1925.

paragraph: Rubens third and final marriage was to actor Ricardo Cortez, whom she married on January 30, 1926 in Riverside, California. As her divorce from Goodman was not yet finalized, the new marriage was considered invalid. They were remarried on February 8.

paragraph: While touring the vaudeville circuit in mid-1930, the couple separated. At the time of her death, Rubens was suing Cortez for divorce. Cortez claimed he had not been notified of his wife's death, and later remarked that he had not seen her for several months and was unaware that she was seriously ill.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Shortly after her release from jail, Rubens contracted a cold that quickly developed into lobar pneumonia and bronchitis. She fell into a coma at the Los Angeles home of her friend, Dr. Charles J. Pflueger. She died on January 21, 1931 at the age of 33 having never regained consciousness. A funeral service was held on January 24 at the Little Church of the Flowers at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale. Her body was then shipped to Fresno where a second service was held at the Christian Science Church on January 26. She is interred in a mausoleum at Mountain View Cemetery in Fresno.

paragraph: For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Alma Rubens has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6409 Hollywood Blvd.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: "This Bright World Again", Rubens' memoirs, was serialized in national newspapers in 1931. The text details Rubens' career and her struggle with drug addiction. The full text, with a biography and filmography by Gary D. Rhodes and Alexander Webb titled "Alma Rubens, Silent Snowbird: Her Complete 1930 Memoir, with a New Biography and Filmography", was published by McFarland in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alma Rubens at Virtual History

description: actress

wikidata_label: Alma Rubens

wikipedia_title: Alma Rubens


text:
Oleśnica
Koźle
Bytom
Ścinawa
Konrad II the Gray
Oleśnica
Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn
Konrad IV the Older
Konrad V Kantner
Konrad VI the Dean
Konrad VII the White
Konrad VIII the Younger
Albert III of Saxony
George I of Anhalt-Dessau
Henry IX the Older
Głogów
Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan

paragraph: Konrad III the Old

paragraph: Konrad III the Old () ( – 28 December 1412) was a Duke of Oleśnica, Koźle, half of Bytom and half of Ścinawa since 1377 (until 1403 with his father as co-ruler).

paragraph: He was the only son of Konrad II the Gray, Duke of Oleśnica, by his wife Agnes, daughter of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1377 his father named him co-ruler of all his lands, as his only son and heir. Konrad III began his reign alone only in 1403, after his father's death. Little is known about his reign.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: By 1380 he married with Judith (also named Jutta or Guta) (d. 26 June 1416), whose originis are unknown. They had seven children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Konrad IV the Older (b. ca. 1384 – d. 9 August 1447).

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Konrad V Kantner (b. ca. 1385 – d. 10 September 1439).

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Konrad VI the Dean (b. ca. 1391 – d. 3 September 1427).

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Konrad VII the White (b. aft. 1396 – d. 14 February 1452).

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Konrad VIII the Younger (b. aft. 1397 – d. by 5 September 1444).

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Euphemia (b. ca. 1404? – d. 27 November 1442), married firstly on 14 January 1420 to Elector Albert III of Saxony and secondly in 1432 to Prince George I of Anhalt-Dessau.

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Hedwig (b. ca. 1405/16? – d. by 25 June 1454), married by 1430 to Duke Henry IX the Older of Głogów.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article was translated from his original in Polish Wikipedia."

description: Duke of Oleśnica, Koźle, Bytom and Ścinawa

wikidata_label: Konrad III the Old

wikipedia_title: Konrad III the Old


text:
Persian
physician
astrologer
Persian
Arabic
Canonicus Salio
Padua
List of Iranian scientists
Ibn al-Nadim

categories: 9th-century deaths,Physicians of medieval Islam,Medieval Persian physicians,Medieval Persian astrologers,Year of birth missing,9th-century physicians,9th-century Iranian people

paragraph: Albubather

paragraph: Abu Bakr al-Hassan ibn al-Khasib, also al-Khaseb, Albubather in Latin, was a Persian physician and astrologer of the 9th century.

paragraph: He wrote in Persian and Arabic and is best known for his work "De nativitatibus" which was translated into Latin by Canonicus Salio in Padua 1218, and was also translated into Hebrew.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Iranian scientists

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Al-fihrist" by Ibn al-Nadim, p. 276 and Commentary, p. 131.

paragraph: BULLET::::- H. Suter : Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber (32, 1900)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nachtrage (162, 1902)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopedia of Islam, II, 274, 1916.

description: 9th century Persian physician and astrologer

wikidata_label: Albubather

wikipedia_title: Albubather