text: PC

text: Lord Justice of Appeal

text: Master of the Rolls

text: Manchester

text: Liverpool College

text: Exeter College, Oxford

text: Inner Temple

text: Thomas Henry Baylis

text: called to the bar

text: Liverpool

text: Florence Maybrick

text: took silk

text: Recorder

text: Dogger Bank incident

text: Lord Justice of Appeal

text: Privy Council

text: Dardanelles Commission

text: King Sterndale

text: Master of the Rolls

text: Mary Ada Pickford

text: Member of Parliament

text: Hammersmith North

text: Derbyshire

categories: Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division judges,Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford,Masters of the Rolls,People educated at Liverpool College,1923 deaths,English Queen's Counsel,Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England,1848 births,Knights Bachelor,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Members of the Inner Temple,English judges,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

paragraph: William Pickford, 1st Baron Sterndale

paragraph: William Pickford, 1st Baron Sterndale PC (1 October 1848 – 7 August 1923) was a British lawyer and judge. He served as a Lord Justice of Appeal between 1914 and 1918, as President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division between 1918 and 1919 and as Master of the Rolls between 1919 and 1923.

paragraph: Section::::Background and education.

paragraph: Pickford was born in Manchester, son of the Manchester merchant Thomas Edward Pickford and his wife, Georgina, daughter of Jeremiah Todd-Naylor. He was educated at Liverpool College and went to Exeter College, Oxford in 1867. He entered the Inner Temple in 1871, reading under Thomas Henry Baylis, and was called to the bar in 1874. Going the Northern Circuit, he had chambers in Liverpool.

paragraph: As a junior Pickford appeared in the trial of Florence Maybrick. He took silk in 1893. He was made Recorder of Oldham in 1901, and then of Liverpool in 1904. He also represented the British government in 1905, in the enquiry after the Dogger Bank incident when Russia sunk some Hull trawlers.

paragraph: Section::::Legal and judicial career.

paragraph: Pickford was appointed a judge of the High Court in 1907 and a Lord Justice of Appeal and sworn of the Privy Council in 1914. In 1916 he was chairman of the Dardanelles Commission. He was made President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division and raised to the peerage as Baron Sterndale, of King Sterndale in the County of Derby, in 1918. The following year he became Master of the Rolls, a post he held until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Sterndale married Alice Mary Brooke, of Sibton Park Suffolk, on 18 August 1880. They had two daughters, Dorothy Frances Pickford (b. 1881) and Mary (Molly) Ada Pickford (b. 1884). His wife Alice died after childbirth on 5 September 1884. Sterndale's daughter the Hon. Mary Ada Pickford sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Hammersmith North from 1931 to 1934. Lord Sterndale died in August 1923, aged 74, when the barony became extinct. He is buried at King Sterndale Church near Buxton, Derbyshire.

description: British Baron

wikidata_label: William Pickford, 1st Baron Sterndale

wikipedia_title: William Pickford, 1st Baron Sterndale


text:
Krylbo
Sweden
motorcycle speedway
world pairs championship
Anders Michanek
world team champion
individual World Championship Finals
Barry Briggs
Ivan Mauger
Masarna
Vargarna
Bysarna
Belle Vue Aces
Wolverhampton Wolves
Bristol Bulldogs
British League
Christer
Brisbane
Australia
1962
London
Wembley Stadium
1965
London
Wembley Stadium
1969
London
Wembley Stadium
1970
Wroclaw
Olympic Stadium
1971
Göteborg
Ullevi
1974
Göteborg
Ullevi
1974
Manchester
Hyde Road
Anders Michanek
1961
Wrocław
Olympic Stadium
Ove Fundin
Rune Sörmander
Björn Knutsson
Per-Tage Svensson
1962
Slaný
Björn Knutsson
Ove Fundin
Göte Nordin
Rune Sörmander
1964
Abensberg
Abensberg Stadion
Ove Fundin
Björn Knutsson
Göte Nordin
Rune Sörmander
1969
Rybnik
Rybnik Municipal Stadium
Bengt Jansson
Ove Fundin
Anders Michanek
Torbjörn Harrysson
1970
London
Wembley Stadium
Bengt Jansson
Ove Fundin
Anders Michanek
1971
Wrocław
Olympic Stadium
Anders Michanek
Bernt Persson
Bengt Jansson
Leif Enecrona
1974
Chorzów
Silesian Stadium
Anders Michanek
Tommy Jansson
Christer Lofqvist
1975
Norden
Motodrom Halbemond
Anders Michanek
Tommy Jansson
Bernt Persson
Sören Karlsson
Belle Vue Ace: Sören Sjösten

categories: Wolverhampton Wolves riders,Speedway World Pairs Champions,1999 deaths,People from Avesta Municipality,1938 births,Swedish speedway riders,Birmingham Brummies riders,Belle Vue Aces riders

paragraph: Sören Sjösten

paragraph: Sören Willy Ernfrid Sjösten (born 12 December 1938, Krylbo, Sweden, died 1999) was a motorcycle speedway rider. He won the world pairs championship in 1974 with Anders Michanek and became world team champion three times representing Sweden, in 1962, 1964 and 1970. Sjösten also appeared in six individual World Championship Finals with two bronze medals as best result. Both third places was received after losing race-off heats for silver medal, the first time to Barry Briggs and the second time to Ivan Mauger

paragraph: Sjösten rode for Masarna, Vargarna and Bysarna in the Swedish leagues and for Belle Vue Aces, Wolverhampton Wolves and Bristol Bulldogs in the British League. An excellent starter, he was renowned for having a 'wild' style of riding with the rear of the bike sliding further out on the bends than is usual and was often considered rough on his opponents.

paragraph: He retired after his brother Christer was killed in a meeting in Brisbane, Australia in 1979.

paragraph: Section::::World final appearances.

paragraph: Section::::World final appearances.:Individual World Championship.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 - London, Wembley Stadium - 9th - 8pts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1965 - London, Wembley Stadium - 7th - 9pts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 - London, Wembley Stadium - 3rd - 11pts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 - Wroclaw, Olympic Stadium - 4th - 9pts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 - Göteborg, Ullevi - 8th - 8pts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 - Göteborg, Ullevi - 3rd - 11pts

paragraph: Section::::World final appearances.:World Pairs Championship.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 - Manchester, Hyde Road (with Anders Michanek) - Winner - 28pts (14)

paragraph: Section::::World final appearances.:World Team Cup.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 - Wrocław, Olympic Stadium (with Ove Fundin / Rune Sörmander / Björn Knutsson / Per-Tage Svensson) - 2nd - 30pts (2)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962 - Slaný (with Björn Knutsson / Ove Fundin / Göte Nordin / Rune Sörmander) - Winner - 36pts (10)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 - Abensberg, Abensberg Stadion (with Ove Fundin / Björn Knutsson / Göte Nordin / Rune Sörmander) - Winner - 34pts (0)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 - Rybnik, Rybnik Municipal Stadium (with Bengt Jansson / Ove Fundin / Anders Michanek / Torbjörn Harrysson) - 4th - 12pts (2)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 - London, Wembley Stadium (with Bengt Jansson / Ove Fundin / Anders Michanek) - Winner - 42pts (10)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 - Wrocław, Olympic Stadium (with Anders Michanek / Bernt Persson / Bengt Jansson / Leif Enecrona) - 4th - 18pts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 - Chorzów, Silesian Stadium (with Anders Michanek / Tommy Jansson / Christer Lofqvist) - 2nd - 31pts (10)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 - Norden, Motodrom Halbemond (with Anders Michanek / Tommy Jansson / Bernt Persson / Sören Karlsson) - 3rd - 17pts (1)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Belle Vue Ace: Sören Sjösten

description: Swedish speedway rider

wikidata_label: Sören Sjösten

wikipedia_title: Sören Sjösten


text:
Andalusian
Sufi
Maghreb
Cantillana
Seville
Qur'an
mysticism
Fes
Almoravid
Almohad
Abu Ya’azza al-Hazmiri
‘Ali Hirzihim
Al-Ghazali
Sunni Islam
Sidi Ali Ibn Harazem
Béjaïa
Marrakech
Bejaia
asceticism
Allah
Vincent Cornell
Encyclopaedia of Islam
Encyclopaedia of Islam
Encyclopaedia of Islam

wikipedia_title:
Al-Andalus
Sufism
Maghreb
Cantillana
Seville
Quran
Mysticism
Fez, Morocco
Almoravid dynasty
Almohad Caliphate
Abu Yaaza
Ali ibn Harzihim
Al-Ghazali
Sunni Islam
Ali ibn Harzihim
Béjaïa
Marrakesh
Béjaïa
Asceticism
Allah
Vincent Cornell
Encyclopaedia of Islam
Encyclopaedia of Islam
Encyclopaedia of Islam

categories: 1126 births,Moorish Sufis,People from Béjaïa,1198 deaths,Algerian Sufis,Spanish expatriates in Morocco,Shadhili order,Moorish writers,University of al-Qarawiyyin alumni,People from Cantillana

paragraph: Abu Madyan

paragraph: Abu Madyan (1126–1198), also known as Abu Madyan Shu'ayb Al-Ghawth, or Abū Madyan, or Sidi" Bou-Mediene, or Sidi" Abu Madyan Shuayb ibn al-Hussein al-Ansari, was an influential Andalusian mystic and a great Sufi master.

paragraph: Some even refer to him as the national figure of Maghreb mysticism as he was such a forerunner of Sufism in this geographical area. Devoted to the fervent service of God, he helped introduce looking into oneself and harmonizing internal occurrences with the external observances through asceticism.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Abu Madyan was born in Cantillana (), a small town about 35 km away from Seville, in 1126. He came from an obscure family and his parents were poor. As he grew up, he learned the trade of a weaver as it was a popular practice at the time. His insatiable hunger for knowledge, however, piqued his interest in the Qur'an and the study of religion and mysticism.

paragraph: Soon after, Abu Madyan traveled to Fes to complete his education. He left for Fes at about the end of the Almoravid era or at the beginning of the founding of the Almohad state. There, he studied under Abu Ya’azza al-Hazmiri, ‘Ali Hirzihim, and al-Dakkak. It was al-Dakkak that provided him with the "khirka", the cloak passed from Master to student in the study of Sufism. During his time studying in Fes, Abu Madyan became familiar within the works of Al-Ghazali, one of the most prominent theologians, philosophers, and mystics of Sunni Islam regarded as one of the renewers of the religion.

paragraph: Abu Madyan was particularly fascinated with mysticism by Sidi Ali Ibn Harazem. They fasted and prayed together in a continuous fashion as the ideal Sufi, practicing very strict asceticism. Abu Madyan, who came from a poor background, didn't have a hard time distancing himself from such pleasures. Because of his strict practices, he reached the rank of Qutb and Ghawth.

paragraph: Abu Madyan went to Mecca where he met the great Muslim saint, Jilani, and completed his spiritual training under him. On his return,he went to the town of Béjaïa where he practiced very strict asceticism and acquired an honorable reputation for his knowledge. People would come far to both listen to his public lectures and consult him on certain manners. People believed he could even perform miracles.

paragraph: His beliefs were in opposition to the Almohade doctors of that town. The Almohades were disturbed at his increasing reputation and wanted to get rid of him.

paragraph: Eventually, Madyan settled in the town of Béjaïa where he established a mosque-school ("zawiya").

paragraph: The sheer amount of fame and influence that Abu Madyan evoked raised serious concern from the political powers of the time. The Almohad Caliph Ya’qub al-Mansur summoned Madyan to Marrakech for this reason so he could talk to Madyan himself. Upon his summoning to Marrakech, Abu Madyan was taken ill and died before he reached his destination in 594/1198, near the river of Ysser (). His last sigh was supposedly "Allah al-Hakk." He was buried in al-‘Ubbad near Tlemcen, Algeria. His funeral was widely commemorated by the people of Tlemcen and he has been considered the patron saint and protector of Tlemcen ever since. A mausoleum was built by the order of the Almohade sovereign, Muhammad al-Nasir, too shortly after his death. Many princes and kings of Tlemcen have contributed to this mausoleum since his demise. Many monuments, a good number of them still well preserved, were built in his honor next to his tomb by the Marinid kings, who controlled Tlemcen in the 14th century. One such monument is the Mosque of Madrasa. His tomb became the center of fine architecture and is still a place of pilgrimage for many Sufis today.

paragraph: Section::::Teachings.

paragraph: The basic principles and virtues taught at Madyan’s school in Bejaia were repentance ("tawba"), asceticism ("zuhd"), paying visits to other masters, and service to experienced masters. He emphasized "futuwa" (youth/chivalry) but only when accompanied by the obedience of devotees to their master, the avoidance of disagreements between devotees, justice, constancy, nobility of mind, the denunciation of the unjust, and a feeling of satisfaction with the gifts of God. Because of his focus on the acceptance of one’s emotions, Madyan and his followers refused to confine themselves to only asceticism and meditation alone, but instead lived day to day by maintaining close relationships with the people around them. Along with sharing his knowledge and ideas with his disciples, Abu Madyan wrote many poems and spoke in proverbs in order to connect with the masses and not just the intellectuals.

paragraph: According to Yahya B. Khaldun, Abu Madyan's teachings may all be summed up in this verse which he often repeated,

paragraph: "Say Allah! and abandon all that is matter, or is connected with it, if though desirest to attain the truth goal."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Aside from attaining Ghawth status and teaching hundreds and hundreds of disciples, Abu Madyan left his mark in more ways than one. He gained immense popularity because he was relatable, despite his high scholarly status. He had a personality and way of speaking that united people from all walks of life, from the common people to the academics. Even to this day, scholars say that no one of the time surpassed him in religious and intellectual influence. His school produced hundreds of saints and out of the 46 Sufi saints in the Rif region, 15 were his disciples. People still visit his tomb today for asking god through him they call it tawasoul , they visit him from all around the world.

paragraph: Section::::Sayings.

paragraph: There are very few surviving writings from Abu Madyan, and of those that do still exist, there are mystical poems, a testament ("wasiyya") and a creed ("akida"). He encouraged the free expression of emotions rather than rigidity, but also made known his support of asceticism complete devotion to God and a minimalist lifestyle.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bidayat al Mouridin", Ms 938, Bibliot. Nat. Alger.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Diwan", (collection of his poems) édit. Chaouar of Tlemcen, Damascus, 1938.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ouns al Wahid", Ms 2-105 (8) fol. 337–343, Bibliot. Nat. Paris, ed. in Cairo 1301–1884, with a commentary by Ahmed Bâ'chan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tahfat al Arib", pub. et trad. in Latin par F. de Dombay, Vindobonae, Ebn Médirai Mauri Fessani Sentenciae quaedam arabicae, 1805

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Way of Abu Madyan", bilingual collection, Islamic Texts Society, Cambridge, 1996. Transl by Vincent Cornell.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnaldez, R. "Falsafa". "Encyclopaedia of Islam", Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman;, Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth;, E. van Donzel; and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online Augustana. 5 April 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zarcone, Th.; Hunwick, J.O.; Ernst, C.; Jong, F. de;, L. Massignon-[B. Radtke]; Aubin, Françoise. "Taṣawwuf (a."). "Encyclopaedia of Islam", Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman;, Th. Bianquis;, C.E. Bosworth;, E. van Donzel; and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online. Augustana. 5 April 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Griffel, Frank, "Al-Ghazali", "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" (Fall 2008), Edward N. Zalta (ed.),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marçais, G. "Abū Madyan, S̲h̲uʿayb b. al-Ḥusayn al-Andalusī". "Encyclopaedia of Islam", Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman;, Th. Bianquis;, C.E. Bosworth;, E. van Donzel; and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online. Augustana. 3 April 2011

description: mystic

wikidata_label: Abu Madyan

wikipedia_title: Abu Madyan


text:
Croatia
Croatian Spring
Prague Spring
Tito's
Yugoslavia
Croatian Social Liberal Party
liberalism
Sabor
Yugoslav People's Army
Matica hrvatska
Sabor
Franjo Tuđman
Dražen Budiša
Croatian Social Liberal Party
Zagreb Crisis
Croatian Democratic Union
Poland
Hungary
Czechoslovakia
Václav Havel
Pula
Ante Pavelić
Franjo Tuđman
Liberal Party
Croatian Peasant Party
Rome
hepatitis

wikipedia_title:
Croatia
Croatian Spring
Prague Spring
Josip Broz Tito
Yugoslavia
Croatian Social Liberal Party
Liberalism
Croatian Parliament
Yugoslav People's Army
Matica hrvatska
Croatian Parliament
Franjo Tuđman
Dražen Budiša
Croatian Social Liberal Party
Zagreb crisis
Croatian Democratic Union
Poland
Hungary
Czechoslovakia
Václav Havel
Pula
Ante Pavelić
Franjo Tuđman
Liberal Party (Croatia)
Croatian Peasant Party
Rome
Hepatitis

categories: Croatian Social Liberal Party politicians,Representatives in the modern Croatian Parliament,Croatian male poets,Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery,Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb alumni,People from Imotski,Liberal Party (Croatia) politicians,1930 births,Yugoslav dissidents,20th-century Croatian poets,Croatian dissidents,Candidates for President of Croatia,2000 deaths

paragraph: Vlado Gotovac

paragraph: Vladimir "Vlado" Gotovac (18 September 1930 – 7 December 2000) was a Croatian poet and politician.

paragraph: Section::::Early activism.

paragraph: In the late 1960s, Gotovac joined the Croatian movement demanding political and economic reform, which eventually led to the Croatian Spring in the early 1970s. Unlike the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia, the Croatian Spring wasn't violently quashed by military use, although it resulted the period known as "the Croatian silence", alluding to the Yugoslav government’s tremendous skill in suppressing any opposition or criticism.

paragraph: Before being arrested in 1971 Gotovac became the editor-in-chief of "Hrvatski Tjednik" ("The Croatian Weekly"), which historian Marcus Tanner explains, "was a real phenomenon – a mass-circulation newspaper with an enormous audience that went way beyond the confines of the Communist Party and made a national reputation."

paragraph: Section::::Imprisonment.

paragraph: Growing up in Tito's Yugoslavia, Gotovac was arrested in 1971 and sentenced to four years in prison, based on charges of being a "separatist" and "nationalist". In an interview with Swedish television in 1978 he reflected rather dejectedly about his experience:"No basis was found in my actions or in my activities, but, rather, like in all such processes, criminal actions were assumed and corroborated, not only in my case, but in the cases of a whole group of others whom I know."

paragraph: Gotovac continued to write in prison, with his most famous piece being his diary, "Zvjezdana Kuga" ("Starry Plague"), published some twenty years after his release in 1978. And whilst he spent his pre-prison years working as a journalist and editor for TV Zagreb as well as writing literary pieces, he gradually moved into politics after being released from prison.

paragraph: Section::::Life after release.

paragraph: In an interview for a Swedish television channel in 1978 he was asked to elaborate upon his own philosophical beliefs, and he said:

paragraph: His experience in Croatia, dominated by communism, did not manage to pervert or shatter his own view of socialism; rather he felt that the sort of socialism he believed in had nothing whatsoever to do with communism, an ideology that he viewed as nothing more than centralist totalitarianism, of which its followers, he said, "are incapable of thinking freely. They do not know what freedom is!" In 1989, Gotovac joined the newly formed Croatian Social Liberal Party. Due to his passionate eloquence he became one of its most prominent members. As such, he worked very hard to find proper balance between Croatian nationalism and liberalism. In 1991 in the Sabor during a protest rally held in front of Yugoslav People's Army headquarters. He made passionate and defiant speech answering the generals who at the time made all kinds of threats against Croatia.

paragraph: In the period 1990-1996. he served as the president of Matica hrvatska.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Gotovac entered the Sabor in 1992 where his passion and eloquence made him into one of the most popular and charismatic Croatian politicians. His harsh criticism of Franjo Tuđman and his authoritarian policies made him into one of the rallying figure of Croatian opposition.

paragraph: In mid-1990s Gotovac replaced Dražen Budiša at the leadership of Croatian Social Liberal Party ("HSLS"). His tenure was brief but it also revealed his lack of political talent. During the Zagreb Crisis he allowed himself to be manipulated into embarrassing negotiations with the Croatian Democratic Union, which harmed the reputation of party and its unity.

paragraph: In 1996 he was chosen as president of the HSLS, where he told his audience: "Do not fear, this is our country and we have the right to rule it as we like!" In that same year he ran as a presidential candidate, but was assaulted during the campaign. He did not win the presidency instead it was claimed by Franjo Tuđman, a fellow former dissident. But Tuđman’s victory was disputed by Gotovac, who accused him of manipulating the results. As president, Tuđman did not undertake the sort of reforms hoped for by Gotovac and others, rather he became autocratic, suppressing the media if it dared to criticize him or his system, as well as limiting the civil and political rights of Croatian citizens. The following year Gotovac split from the HSLS to form the Liberal Party. Gotovac participated in a region wide movement of writers becoming politicians, for this occurrence took place in Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, with Václav Havel being one of the most famous writers turned statesman.

paragraph: Gotovac tried running as a candidate of Croatian centrist and liberal opposition on 1997 presidential election. During the campaign rally in Pula he was assaulted and injured by a Croatian Army officer Tomislav Brzović who was under influence of alcohol and was shouting "Long live Ante Pavelić. I am Ustaša, I will kill you all", upon being arrested. Later it was revealed that Brzović was member of elite security unit guarding president Franjo Tuđman. The incident didn't have much impact on the campaign. This led to the formal split in HSLS. Dražen Budiša, advocating more populist rhetoric and future coalition with HDZ, regained the party leadership. Gotovac, who advocated HSLS remaining true to liberal principles, left HSLS and formed new Liberal Party. This party failed to attract majority of HSLS membership and its voters.

paragraph: Ironically, Budiša, instead of aligning with HDZ, made a coalition with SDP instead in 1998. LS was left out of it and LS entered Sabor in 2000 only by joining the bloc of centrist parties led by the Croatian Peasant Party.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On 7 December 2000 Gotovac died in Rome, aged 70, from complications caused by hepatitis, too weak to receive a liver transplant.

description: Croatian politician and writer

wikidata_label: Vlado Gotovac

wikipedia_title: Vlado Gotovac


text:
Camden and Amboy Railroad
Hoboken, New Jersey
John Stevens III
John Cox Stevens
New York Yacht Club
Edwin Augustus Stevens
Stevens Institute of Technology
John Stevens Jr.
Continental Congress
James Alexander
Attorney General of New Jersey
Mary (née Spratt) Provoost Alexander
Robert R. Livingston
Phœnix
New York City
Delaware River
Robert Fulton
Hudson River
Hudson River Steamboat Association
cartel
New York City
Albany
Camden and Amboy Railroad
John Bull
steam locomotive
flanged T rail
American
England
United States
flat bottomed rail
edge rails
flanged T rail
England
Vignoles rail
Europe

wikipedia_title: United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company

categories: 1787 births,1856 deaths,American railroad pioneers,19th-century American railroad executives,19th-century American inventors

paragraph: Robert L. Stevens

paragraph: Colonel Robert Livingston Stevens (October 18, 1787 – April 20, 1856) was an American inventor and steamship builder who served as president of the Camden and Amboy Railroad in the 1830s and 1840s.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Stevens was born in Hoboken, New Jersey on October 18, 1787. He was the second son of thirteen children born to Rachel (née Cox) Stevens and Colonel John Stevens III. His siblings included older brother John Cox Stevens, the first commodore of the New York Yacht Club, and younger brother Edwin Augustus Stevens, who founded the Stevens Institute of Technology.

paragraph: His paternal grandparents were John Stevens Jr., a prominent New Jersey politician who served as a delegate to the Continental Congress, and Elizabeth (née Alexander) Stevens, who was the daughter of James Alexander, the Attorney General of New Jersey, and Mary (née Spratt) Provoost Alexander, a prominent merchant. His aunt Mary Stevens married Robert R. Livingston, the first Chancellor of the State of New York.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1807, the Stevens and his father built the "Phœnix", a steamboat which became the first to navigate the ocean successfully when she traveled from New York City to the Delaware River in 1809. The "Phœnix" could not operate in the harbor at New York City because Robert Fulton and his partner Robert Livingston, the U.S. Minister to France, had obtained a monopoly there.

paragraph: Robert Stevens applied the "wave line", concave waterlines on a steamboat hull, in 1808, as well as other improvements to shipbuilding. He and his brother, James, involved with the passenger steamship business on the Hudson River in 1834, and both were members of the Hudson River Steamboat Association, a cartel which sought a monopoly on passenger traffic between New York City and Albany.

paragraph: Stevens was president of the Camden and Amboy Railroad (C&A) in the 1830s and 1840s. When the "John Bull" steam locomotive arrived on the C&A property, it was originally named "Stevens" in his honor. Although his father is occasionally credited with the invention of the flanged T rail for railways, Robert Stevens at 42 is considered to have been the inventor of the first all-iron rail construction of the Camden & Amboy. Before 1831, the rails of all previous American railroads were strap iron rails made of wood with a metal strap applied to the wood. One of the two men had traveled to England to purchase the new rails since there was no rolling mill in the United States that was capable of producing the rails. The flat bottomed rail profile is used by railways of every nation. It replaced the cast-iron edge rails that had been introduced in England in 1789, which were made without flanges; instead, flanges were placed on the wheels. (The flanged T rail was introduced in England in 1836 by engineer Charles B. Vignoles (1793-1875), therefore the term "Vignoles rails" came into use in Europe).

paragraph: He invented a percussion shell, the rights to which he sold to the government. In 1842, he was commissioned by the government to build the first ironclad warship ever constructed, but he died without ever completing it.

paragraph: Stevens, who never married, died in Hoboken on April 20, 1856.

paragraph: Section::::For further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Today in Science History: October 18". Retrieved October 18, 2005.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Camden & Amboy Railroad: Two Original “Joint Stock” Certificates Signed by Robert L. Stevens, Inventor of the "T"-Rail and Railroad Spike.

description: American railroad pioneer

wikidata_label: Robert L. Stevens

wikipedia_title: Robert L. Stevens


text:
courtesy name
Eastern Wu
Three Kingdoms
Gushi County
Henan
Sun Quan
end of the Han dynasty
Gan Ning
Lu Xun
Pan Zhang
Sun Liang
Sun Quan
Eastern Wu
Sima Shi
Wei
Zhuge Dan
Hu Zun
Chaohu City
Anhui
Zhuge Ke
Battle of Dongxing
Xuchang
Luoyang
Lü Ju
Tang Zi
ji
Cao Wei
Guanqiu Jian
Wen Qin
a rebellion
Shou County
Anhui
Sun Jun
Zhuge Dan
Sun Chen
Sima Zhao
Zhu Yi
Tang Zi
Sun Chen
Sun Liang
Sun Xiu
Zhang Bu
Imperial Chancellor
Laba Festival
Xu Province
Wei
a campaign
Shu
Shou County
Anhui
Liu Shan
Sun Xiu
Puyang Xing
Wan Yu
Sun Hao
Zhuge Jing
Hefei
Jin dynasty
Wei
Shi Bao
Linchuan District
Fuzhou, Jiangxi
Eastern Wu
seventh instalment
Koei
Dynasty Warriors
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
Chen, Shou
Records of the Three Kingdoms

categories: Eastern Wu generals,Year of birth unknown,Generals under Sun Quan,271 deaths,Eastern Wu politicians,Han dynasty generals from Henan

paragraph: Ding Feng (general)

paragraph: Ding Feng (died 271), courtesy name Chengyuan, was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Ding Feng was from Anfeng County (安豐縣), Lujiang Commandery (廬江郡), which is in present-day Gushi County, Henan. He started his career as a soldier under the warlord Sun Quan sometime towards the end of the Han dynasty, and was commissioned as an officer for his courage in battle. He served as a subordinate of various generals under Sun Quan, including Gan Ning, Lu Xun and Pan Zhang. He fought in many wars for his lord and was well known for his valour. He was also wounded in battle several times and had slain many enemy commanders and captured the enemy's flags. He was promoted to Lieutenant-General (偏將軍) for his achievements.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Sun Liang.

paragraph: In 252, Sun Liang succeeded his father Sun Quan as the emperor of the state of Eastern Wu. He appointed Ding Feng as Champion General (冠軍將軍) and enfeoffed him as a Marquis of a Chief Village (都亭侯).

paragraph: Section::::Service under Sun Liang.:Battle of Dongxing.

paragraph: In 252, Sima Shi, the regent of Wu's rival state Wei, sent Zhuge Dan and Hu Zun to lead the Wei armies to attack the Wu garrison at Dongxing (東興; southeast of present-day Chaohu City, Anhui). In response, the Wu regent Zhuge Ke led the Wu forces to resist the enemy, leading to the Battle of Dongxing between Wu and Wei.

paragraph: The Wu generals said: "When the enemy learns that the Grand Tutor (Zhuge Ke) is coming here personally, they will surely retreat when we reach the shore." However, only Ding Feng had a different view: "No. They are making large movements in their territory. They are prepared, as they have mobilised large numbers of troops from Xuchang and Luoyang, so why would they go back empty-handed? Don't think that the enemy won't come. We should ready ourselves for battle." When Zhuge Ke reached Dongxing, he placed Ding Feng, Liu Zan (留贊), Lü Ju and Tang Zi in charge of the vanguard and they moved west along mountainous terrain. Ding Feng warned: "We are moving too slow. If the enemy seizes favourable ground, it will be harder to deal with them." He then led 3,000 soldiers with him, travelling on a different route from the main bulk of Wu forces.

paragraph: Strong north winds were blowing at that time. Ding Feng and his 3,000 men reached the frontline within two days and seized control of Xu Embankment (徐塘). It was in winter and there was snowfall. The Wei officers were off guard and having a drinking session, so, despite the feeble size of his army, Ding Feng rallied his men and said: "Today is the day we claim titles and rewards!" He then ordered his troops to remove their armour and helmets, discard their "ji"s and spears, and arm themselves with only shields and short weapons such as swords. The Wei soldiers laughed when they saw this event, and instead refused to ready themselves for combat. Ding Feng and his men fought bravely and destroyed the enemy camp at the front. Just then, another Wu force led by Lü Ju and a few others arrived, therefore joining Ding Feng in attacking the enemy camp. The Wei forces suffered a crushing a defeat.

paragraph: Ding Feng was promoted to General Who Destroys Bandits (滅寇將軍) and had his marquis rank increased by one grade for his efforts in the battle.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Sun Liang.:Shouchun rebellions.

paragraph: In 255, the Cao Wei generals Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin started a rebellion in the Wei-controlled Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Anhui). However, the revolt failed and Wen Qin fled towards Wu to seek refuge. Ding Feng was appointed as General of Tiger's Might (虎威將軍) and he followed an army led by the Wu regent Sun Jun to receive Wen Qin. They encountered Wei forces pursuing Wen Qin at Gaoting (高亭) and engaged the enemy in battle. Ding Feng, armed with a long spear and on horseback, led a charge into the enemy formation and they slew hundreds of Wei soldiers and seized much of the enemy's weapons and equipment. He was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Anfeng (安豐侯) for his achievements.

paragraph: In 257, another rebellion led by the Wei general Zhuge Dan broke out in Shouchun again. Zhuge Dan requested aid from Wu and the Wu regent Sun Chen agreed. Sima Zhao personally led the Wei armies to suppress the revolt and they attempted to surround Shouchun. Sun Chen ordered Zhu Yi and Tang Zi to help Zhuge Dan, and later sent Li Fei (黎斐) and Ding Feng to lift the siege on Shouchun. Ding Feng stationed at Lijiang (黎漿) and he fought bravely in battle even though the rebellion was eventually crushed by Wei forces and the Wu army sustained heavy losses. Despite the failure of the campaign, Ding Feng was still held in high regard in Wu, as he was subsequently appointed as General of the Left (左將軍).

paragraph: Section::::Service under Sun Xiu.

paragraph: In 258, Sun Chen deposed the second Wu emperor Sun Liang and replaced the latter with Sun Xiu. Sun Xiu was unhappy that Sun Chen monopolised state power so he plotted with the minister Zhang Bu to eliminate Sun Chen. Zhang Bu told the emperor, "Ding Feng may not be proficient in administrating civil affairs, but he is an outstanding strategist and is capable of making important decisions." Sun Xiu then summoned Ding Feng and told him: "Sun Chen usurps state power and is plotting treason. I want you to help me eliminate him." Ding Feng replied: "The Imperial Chancellor (Sun Chen) and his brothers have many supporters. Not everyone in the imperial court is on our side. We cannot confront them directly. I suggest that Your Majesty order your soldiers to kill him during the Laba Festival." Sun Xiu followed Ding Feng's plan and pretended to invite Sun Chen to the palace to celebrate the Laba Festival. When Sun Chen stepped inside, Ding Feng and Zhang Bu signalled to the imperial guards to kill him. For his contributions, Ding Feng was promoted to the position of General-in-Chief (大將軍) and received the additional appointments of Left and Right Protector-Generals (左右都護).

paragraph: In 259, Ding Feng was appointed as the nominal Governor of Xu Province. In 263, when the state of Wei launched a campaign to conquer Wu's ally Shu, Ding Feng led the Wu forces to attack Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Anhui) in an attempt to divert Wei attention away from Shu. However, it was too late as the Shu emperor Liu Shan had already surrendered to Wei, marking the end of Shu. When Ding Feng received news of the fall of Shu, he withdrew the Wu armies from Shouchun.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Sun Hao.

paragraph: When Sun Xiu died in 264, Ding Feng and Puyang Xing heeded Wan Yu's advice and decided to install Sun Hao on the throne. After his accession, Sun Hao appointed Ding Feng as Right Grand Marshal (右大司馬) and Left Military Adviser (左軍師).

paragraph: In 268, Sun Hao ordered Ding Feng and Zhuge Jing (諸葛靚) to lead an army to attack Hefei, which was under the control of the Jin dynasty (which replaced the state of Wei in 265). Ding Feng exchanged letters with the Jin general Shi Bao (石苞), in which they discussed some trivial things. Shi Bao later ordered the Jin army to retreat.

paragraph: In 269, Ding Feng was ordered to garrison at Xu Embankment (徐塘) and later attack the Jin territory of Guyang (穀陽). When the residents in Guyang learnt of the Wu army's approach, they immediately evacuated the area and Ding Feng did not obtain anything in the campaign. Sun Hao was furious when he heard about that, and he executed Ding Feng's army guide.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Ding Feng died in 271. His cause of death was not recorded in history. In his later years, Ding Feng gradually became arrogant as he achieved more glory for his contributions on the battlefield. He was slandered and defamed by others after his death. However, Sun Hao still recognised Ding Feng for his meritorious service, so he did not massacre Ding Feng's family and instead exiled them to Linchuan (臨川; present-day Linchuan District, Fuzhou, Jiangxi).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Ding Feng's younger brother, Ding Fēng (丁封), also served as a general in Eastern Wu and the highest position he attained was General of the Rear (後將軍). The younger Ding Feng died before his elder brother.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Ding Feng is first introduced as a playable character in the seventh instalment of Koei's "Dynasty Warriors" video game series.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi").

alias:
Chengyuan
Ting Fung
Ding Fung

description: Chinese general of the Three Kingdoms period

wikidata_label: Ding Feng

wikipedia_title: Ding Feng (general)


text: courtesy name

text: Cao Wei

text: Three Kingdoms

text: three rebellions

text: Shou County

text: Anhui

text: second rebellion

text: Sima Shi

text: Wang Ling

text: Guanqiu Jian

text: third rebellion

text: Sima Zhao

text: Eastern Wu

text: Hu Fen

text: Yinan County

text: Shandong

text: Zhuge Jin

text: Zhuge Liang

text: Du Ji

text: Ministry of Personnel

text: Xiahou Xuan

text: Deng Yang

text: Cao Rui

text: Cao Fang

text: Yang Province

text: Sima Yi

text: a rebellion

text: Wang Ling

text: Yang Province

text: Sima Shi

text: Chaohu

text: Anhui

text: Wang Chang

text: Guanqiu Jian

text: Jingzhou

text: Hubei

text: Ezhou

text: Zhuge Ke

text: Guanqiu Jian

text: Wen Qin

text: Shou County

text: Anhui

text: Cao Shuang

text: a coup

text: Sima Yi

text: Yu Province

text: Three Ducal Ministers

text: Yang Province

text: Sun Jun

text: Lü Ju

text: Liu Zan

text: Jiang Ban

text: Xiahou Xuan

text: Cao Shuang

text: Wang Ling

text: Guanqiu Jian

text: Shou County

text: Anhui

text: Huai River

text: Sima Shi

text: Sima Zhao

text: Jia Chong

text: Luoyang

text: Inspector Jia

text: Yang Province

text: Minister of Works

text: Three Ducal Ministers

text: Shiyu

text: Yang Province

text: memorial

text: Pei Songzhi

text: Huai River

text: tuntian

text: Sun Chen

text: Tang Zi

text: Wen Qin

text: Minister Over the Masses

text: Qing Province

text: Wang Ji

text: Tang Zi

text: Wen Qin

text: Shenqiu County

text: Henan

text: Chen Qian

text: Shi Bao

text: Zhou Tai

text: Zhu Yi

text: Sun Chen

text: Jiangdong

text: our Emperor

text: Wen Yang

text: Tang Zi

text: Hu Fen

text: retainers

text: Tian Heng

text: Wang Ling

text: Wang Ling's downfall

text: Sima Zhou

text: Sima Yi

text: Jin dynasty

text: Zhuge Jing

text: Eastern Wu

text: his father's rebellion

text: Minister of War

text: conquered Wu

text: Sima Yan (Emperor Wu)

text: Emperor Yuan

text: Zhuge Hui

text: seventh instalment

text: Koei

text: Dynasty Warriors

text: Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

text: Chen, Shou

text: Records of the Three Kingdoms

text: Fang, Xuanling

text: Book of Jin

text: A New Account of the Tales of the World

text: Pei, Songzhi

text: Sima, Guang

text: Zizhi Tongjian

categories: 258 deaths,Cao Wei politicians,Politicians from Linyi,Generals from Shandong,Eastern Wu generals,Year of birth unknown,Cao Wei generals,Political office-holders in Anhui

paragraph: Zhuge Dan

paragraph: Zhuge Dan (died March or April 258), courtesy name Gongxiu, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. When he held key military appointments throughout his middle to late career, he was involved in all of the three rebellions which broke out in Shouchun (around present-day Shou County, Anhui) between 251 and 258. During the second rebellion, he actively assisted the Wei regent Sima Shi in suppressing the revolt. After the rebellion, the Wei government put him in charge of Shouchun. As the Sima clan became more powerful and established themselves as the "de facto" rulers of Wei, Zhuge Dan feared that he would end up slain like Wang Ling and Guanqiu Jian – the leaders of the first two rebellions – so he started the third rebellion against Sima Zhao, who succeeded Sima Shi as regent of Wei in 255. Although he received some support from Wei's rival state Eastern Wu, his rebellion was eventually suppressed by Wei imperial forces and he met his end at the hands of Hu Fen, a military officer under Sima Zhao.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Zhuge Dan was from Yangdu County (陽都縣), Langya Commandery (琅邪郡), which is in present-day Yinan County, Shandong. He was a descendant of Zhuge Feng (諸葛豐) and a cousin of Zhuge Jin and Zhuge Liang. He started his career as a Gentleman of Writing (尚書郎). There was once when he and Du Ji, a Supervisor (仆射), test-rode a boat in the river. The boat capsized after being hit by a wave and both men were thrown overboard. When the "huben" guards came to save him, Zhuge Dan told them to save Du Ji first. He lost consciousness later, drifted to the shore, and eventually recovered.

paragraph: Later, Zhuge Dan became the Prefect (令) of Xingyang County (滎陽縣) and then served as a Gentleman (郎) in the Ministry of Personnel (吏部). During this time, when his colleagues recommended people to him, he would publicly reveal what they told him in private before giving jobs to the people they recommended. When he evaluated officials' performance, he would take into account what others said regardless of whether it was positive or negative. As a result, his colleagues were especially careful when they recommended people to him.

paragraph: After gaining some experience in the Ministry of Personnel, Zhuge Dan was then reassigned to be a Palace Assistant Imperial Secretary and Master of Writing (御史中丞尚書). He was close friends with Xiahou Xuan and Deng Yang. They enjoyed much praise from other officials and the citizens in the imperial capital. Later, someone told the Wei emperor Cao Rui that Zhuge Dan and his friends, along with other "celebrities", were engaging in superficial and fame-seeking behaviour. Cao Rui felt disgusted and wanted to discourage such behaviour among his subjects, so he removed Zhuge Dan from office.

paragraph: After Cao Rui's death in 239, Cao Fang became the new Wei emperor. He restored Zhuge Dan as Palace Assistant Imperial Secretary and Master of Writing, and subsequently promoted him to Inspector (刺史) of Yang Province and General of Illustrious Martial Might (昭武將軍).

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Dongxing.

paragraph: In 251, Wei imperial forces led by the regent Sima Yi suppressed a rebellion by the Wei general Wang Ling. After that, the Wei imperial court appointed Zhuge Dan as General Who Guards the East (鎮東將軍), granted him imperial authority, put him in charge of military affairs in Yang Province, and enfeoffed him as the Marquis of Shanyang Village (山陽亭侯). After Sima Yi died later that year, his son Sima Shi succeeded him as regent and continued to control the Wei government.

paragraph: Around early or mid 252, Zhuge Dan pointed out to Sima Shi that Eastern Wu forces had been making incursions on Wei territory and had constructed a large dam, complete with exterior defences, at Dongxing (東興; southeast of present-day Chaohu, Anhui). He suggested to Sima Shi to send Wang Chang and Guanqiu Jian to lead troops to attack and destroy the dam. Later that year, Sima Shi devised a strategy for launching a three-pronged attack on Eastern Wu. He sent Wang Chang to attack Nan Commandery (南郡; present-day Jingzhou, Hubei), Guanqiu Jian to attack Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei), and Hu Zun and Zhuge Dan to lead 70,000 troops to attack the Dongxing dam. In response, the Wu general Zhuge Ke led 40,000 troops to Dongxing to counter the invaders. The Battle of Dongxing concluded with a tactical victory for the Wu forces. Zhuge Dan was reassigned to the position of General Who Guards the South (鎮南將軍) after he returned from the battle.

paragraph: Section::::Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's Rebellion.

paragraph: In early 255, the Wei generals Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin started a rebellion in Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Anhui) because they were unhappy with the Sima family's control over the Wei government. Both of them were close to the former Wei regent Cao Shuang and his followers, who were ousted from power in a coup in 249 by Sima Yi. Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin sent a messenger to Zhuge Dan, urging him to rally troops in Yu Province to support them. However, Zhuge Dan executed the messenger and publicly announced that Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin had rebelled.

paragraph: Sima Shi personally led Wei imperial forces to deal with the rebels. He ordered Zhuge Dan to lead troops from Yu Province and advance to Shouchun via Anfeng Ford (安風津). After Sima Shi quelled the revolt, Zhuge Dan and his forces were the first to enter Shouchun. By then, the civilian population of Shouchun, numbering over 100,000, had fled into the countryside or escaped to Eastern Wu for fear of being killed.

paragraph: The Wei imperial court appointed Zhuge Dan as Senior General Who Guards the East (鎮東大將軍), with honours equivalent to those of the Three Ducal Ministers, and ordered him to oversee military affairs in Yang Province. Earlier on, when news of Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's rebellion reached Eastern Wu, the Wu regent Sun Jun, along with Lü Ju, Liu Zan and others, had led Wu forces to Shouchun to support the rebels. However, by the time they showed up, Wei forces had recaptured Shouchun so the Wu forces retreated. Zhuge Dan sent his subordinate Jiang Ban (蔣班) to lead troops to attack the retreating Wu forces. Jiang Ban killed Liu Zan in the ensuing battle and obtained his official seal. For his achievements, Zhuge Dan was promoted from a village marquis to a county marquis – "Marquis of Gaoping (County)" (高平侯) – and awarded 3,500 taxable households to form his marquisate. The Wei government also changed his appointment to "Senior General Who Attacks the East" (征東大將軍).

paragraph: Section::::Zhuge Dan's Rebellion.

paragraph: Section::::Zhuge Dan's Rebellion.:Making preparations to rebel.

paragraph: As Zhuge Dan was close friends with Xiahou Xuan and Deng Yang (鄧颺) – both were Cao Shuang's associates – and had witnessed the downfall of Wang Ling and Guanqiu Jian, he felt very uneasy and was worried that he would become a victim of the Sima family's purges. Thus, when he was stationed in Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Anhui), he attempted to increase his popularity among the masses in the Huai River area by being very generous. He also used his personal wealth to bribe his subordinates and hire thousands of mercenaries as bodyguards. He even pardoned criminals who committed capital offences.

paragraph: Around the winter of 256, Zhuge Dan found an excuse to entrench himself further in Shouchun and build up his defences. He wrote to the Wei imperial court, claiming that he heard that Eastern Wu forces were planning to attack the Huai River region. He asked for 100,000 troops and permission to build more defensive structures in the area. At the time, as Sima Shi had died in 255, his younger brother Sima Zhao had taken over the reins of power as the regent of Wei. Jia Chong suggested to Sima Zhao to keep a close watch on the generals who were guarding strategic locations throughout the Wei Empire and assess whether they were loyal to him. Sima Zhao heeded his words and sent him to Shouchun to meet Zhuge Dan. Jia Chong told Zhuge Dan, "Many wise men in Luoyang hope to see the Emperor abdicate in favour of a better ruler. You already know this. What do you think?" Zhuge Dan replied sternly, "Aren't you Inspector Jia's son? The State has treated your family generously for generations. How can you betray the State and let it fall into the hands of others? I can't stand this. If there is trouble in Luoyang, I'll die for the State." Jia Chong remained silent. After returning to Luoyang, Jia Chong told Sima Zhao, "Zhuge Dan has high prestige and popularity in Yang Province. If you summon him here and he doesn't obey, it's a small problem. But if you don't summon him, it'll become a big problem." Around the early summer of 257, Sima Zhao issued an order in the imperial court's name, ordering Zhuge Dan to return to Luoyang to serve as Minister of Works (司空) in the central government. While the order ostensibly promoted Zhuge Dan to a prestigious ministerial office (one of the Three Ducal Ministers, in fact), it was actually a move to remove him from power in Shouchun and put him under Sima Zhao's control in Luoyang.

paragraph: Section::::Zhuge Dan's Rebellion.:Rising in revolt.

paragraph: When Zhuge Dan received the order, he knew that Sima Zhao was suspicious of him and became fearful. According to the "Shiyu", he suspected that Yue Lin (樂綝), the Inspector (刺史) of Yang Province, had instigated Sima Zhao to remove him from power in Shouchun and summon him to Luoyang. He then led a few hundred soldiers to Yue Lin's office to kill him. When he arrived, he saw that the gates were closed so he shouted at the guards, "Weren't you my subordinates last time?" He then forced his way in and killed Yue Lin. Another account from the "Wei Mo Zhuan" (魏末傳) mentioned that Zhuge Dan hosted a party after receiving the order and lied that he wanted to take a day off from work and go outside Shouchun. He brought along 700 soldiers with him. When Yue Lin heard about it, he ordered the city gates to be shut. Zhuge Dan then ordered his men to force the gates open, set fire to the Inspector's office, and killed Yue Lin. He then wrote a memorial to the imperial court, accusing Yue Lin of secretly collaborating with Eastern Wu and claiming that he executed Yue Lin after discovering his treachery. The historian Pei Songzhi believed the "Wei Mo Zhuan" account to be untrue, given how it described Zhuge Dan's behaviour. In any case, Zhuge Dan killed Yue Lin and started a rebellion in Shouchun against the Wei government.

paragraph: When Zhuge Dan rose in revolt, he had about 100,000 troops under his command in the Huai River region. Most of these troops were stationed as part of the Wei government's "tuntian" policy. He also managed to recruit another 40,000 to 50,000 troops in Yang Province. He had stockpiled a year's worth of supplies and was completely capable of being self-sufficient in that region. He then sent Wu Gang (吴綱), a Chief Clerk (長史), to bring his son Zhuge Jing (諸葛靚) to seek help from Eastern Wu. In return, Zhuge Jing would remain in Wu as a hostage.

paragraph: The Wu regent Sun Chen was overjoyed. He ordered Quan Yi (全懌), Quan Duan (全端), Tang Zi, Wang Zuo (王祚) and other officers to lead 30,000 Wu troops to support Zhuge Dan's rebellion. He also secretly asked Wen Qin, who had defected to Wu after Guanqiu Jian's defeat, to help Zhuge Dan. The Wu government granted Zhuge Dan imperial authority and the following appointments: Left Protector-General (左都護), Grand Minister Over the Masses (大司徒), General of Agile Cavalry (驃騎將軍), and Governor of Qing Province (青州牧). They also enfeoffed him as the Marquis of Shouchun (壽春侯).

paragraph: Section::::Zhuge Dan's Rebellion.:Battles.

paragraph: Among the various Wei imperial forces sent to suppress Zhuge Dan's rebellion, the army led by Wang Ji arrived at Shouchun first and started to surround the city. Before the encirclement was complete, the Wu forces led by Tang Zi and Wen Qin managed to cut across mountainous terrain in the northeast of Shouchun and enter the city to meet up with Zhuge Dan.

paragraph: Around July 258, Sima Zhao reached Xiang County (項縣; present-day Shenqiu County, Henan), where he took overall command of the 260,000 troops mobilised from throughout the Wei Empire to suppress the rebellion, and advanced towards Shouchun. He remained at Qiutou (丘頭), while sending Wang Ji and Chen Qian (陳鶱) to surround Shouchun and reinforce their encirclement with defensive structures such as earth walls and moats. At the same time, he also ordered Shi Bao (石苞) and Zhou Tai to lead some troops to patrol the perimeter and guard against any forces coming to help Zhuge Dan. When Wen Qin and others attempted to break out of the siege, they were driven back by the Wei forces.

paragraph: The Wu general Zhu Yi led another force to Shouchun to assist Zhuge Dan. Zhou Tai attacked Zhu Yi at Lijiang (黎漿) and defeated him. The Wu regent Sun Chen was furious with Zhu Yi's failure and had him executed.

paragraph: Section::::Zhuge Dan's Rebellion.:Defections.

paragraph: After some time, Shouchun gradually ran low on supplies and became increasingly isolated from the outside world. Two of Zhuge Dan's close aides, Jiang Ban (蔣班) and Jiao Yi (焦彝), told their general: "Zhu Yi came with a large army but failed to achieve anything. Sun Chen executed Zhu Yi and returned to Jiangdong. He is actually putting on a front when he sent troops to help us. His decision to turn back already shows that he is adopting a wait-and-see attitude. Now, since our troops are still high on morale and eager to fight, we should focus all efforts on breaking one side of the siege. Even if we cannot drive back the enemy, we can at least allow some of our forces to escape and survive."

paragraph: Wen Qin disagreed and told Zhuge Dan, "Jiangdong forces are known for having scored victories; their enemies in the north can't stop them. Sir, you have led over 100,000 men to join Jiangdong. Quan Yi, myself and the others from Jiangdong are trapped here too with you. Our families are still in Jiangdong. Even if Sun Chen doesn't want to save us, do you think our Emperor and his relatives will abandon us? There were times in the past when our enemy unexpectedly suffered a plague. Now that we have been stuck here for almost a year, if we stir up any feelings of divisiveness, a mutiny might happen. We should continue to hold out and maintain our hopes that help will arrive soon."

paragraph: Wen Qin became angry when Jiang Ban and Jiao Yi repeatedly urged Zhuge Dan to follow their plan. Zhuge Dan also became increasingly frustrated with Jiang Ban and Jiao Yi and wanted to execute them. The two of them feared for their lives and realised that Zhuge Dan was destined to fail, so in December 257 or January 258, they escaped from Shouchun and surrendered to Sima Zhao.

paragraph: Sima Zhao later used a ploy to persuade Quan Yi (全懌) and Quan Duan (全端) to surrender. The Quans fell for the ruse and led a few thousand men with them out of Shouchun to defect to Sima Zhao's side. Their defection caused much fear and panic among Zhuge Dan's forces.

paragraph: Section::::Zhuge Dan's Rebellion.:Attempting to break the siege.

paragraph: In February or March 258, Wen Qin told Zhuge Dan, "Jiang Ban and Jiao Yi left because we didn't follow their idea to attack the enemy. Quan Duan and Quan Yi have defected too. The enemy must have lowered their guard. Now is the time to attack them." Zhuge Dan agreed, so he, Wen Qin and Tang Zi led their troops out to attack and attempt to break out of the siege.

paragraph: Their efforts proved futile because the Wei forces, due to having constructed walls and other defensive structures earlier, were in a more advantageous position over them. The Wei soldiers rained boulders and flaming arrows on Zhuge Dan's forces; thousands were wounded or killed, and the ground was soaked with blood. Unable to break the siege, Zhuge Dan and his forces retreated back to Shouchun, which had run out of food supplies by then. Thousands of Zhuge Dan's men came out of the city and surrendered to Sima Zhao.

paragraph: Section::::Zhuge Dan's Rebellion.:Downfall and death.

paragraph: Earlier on, Wen Qin wanted Zhuge Dan to reduce food rations and send all his men to break the siege, while he and the troops from Eastern Wu would remain behind to guard Shouchun. Zhuge Dan strongly disapproved and quarrelled with Wen Qin over this. Although they initially cooperated, they became more suspicious and distrustful of each other as the situation in Shouchun became more desperate. Zhuge Dan eventually had Wen Qin executed.

paragraph: Upon learning of their father's death at Zhuge Dan's hands, Wen Qin's sons Wen Yang and Wen Hu (文虎) attempted to flee from Shouchun. After failing to persuade their men to join them, they escaped on their own and surrendered to Sima Zhao. When an officer advised Sima Zhao to execute them, Sima Zhao said, "Wen Qin's crimes don't warrant death. Although his sons should be executed, they have surrendered to us. Besides, as the city has yet to be recaptured, executing them will only harden the rebels' resolve." He pardoned Wen Yang and Wen Hu, and ordered a few hundred riders to escort them on a tour around Shouchun and announce to the rebels in the city: "See? Wen Qin's sons have been spared. What's there to be afraid of?" Sima Zhao later appointed Wen Yang and Wen Hu as military officers and enfeoffed them as secondary marquises.

paragraph: By then, most of Zhuge Dan's men had lost their will to fight after being trapped in the city for months without food. Zhuge Dan, Tang Zi and the remaining officers in Shouchun were also at their wits' end. Sima Zhao came to Shouchun and personally directed his forces to press on the siege and call for battle. The defenders did not respond. Zhuge Dan then attempted to break out of the siege with a few of his subordinates. Hu Fen (胡奮), a military officer under Sima Zhao, led his men to attack Zhuge Dan and killed him. Zhuge Dan's decapitated head was put on display and his family members were executed. Zhuge Dan had recruited a few hundred mercenaries as bodyguards. After his death, they were rounded up and each was offered the chance to surrender and be spared, but none accepted and all were executed. The loyalty of these bodyguards towards Zhuge Dan was comparable to the loyalty of the 500 retainers towards Tian Heng (田橫). Yu Quan (于詮), a Wu officer, said, "I have received orders from my lord to lead troops to help others. I failed in my mission and can't do anything to defeat the enemy. I won't stand for this." He then removed his body armour and charged towards the enemy and was killed. Tang Zi, Wang Zuo (王祚) and the other Wu officers surrendered to Sima Zhao. The weapons and equipment captured from the Wu forces formed huge piles like hills.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Zhuge Dan had at least one son and two daughters.

paragraph: One of Zhuge Dan's daughters married Wang Guang (王廣), Wang Ling's son. On her wedding night, Wang Ling told her, "You resemble Gongxiu (Zhuge Dan) so much in your facial expressions!" She replied, "You can't be like Yanyun (Wang Ling), so you compare your wife to a hero!" She was most likely executed along with the rest of the Wang family after Wang Ling's downfall.

paragraph: Zhuge Dan's other daughter married Sima Zhou, Sima Yi's sixth son, who became a prince during the Jin dynasty. She was then known as "Grand Consort Zhuge" (諸葛太妃). She bore Sima Zhou four sons: Sima Jin (司馬覲), Sima Yao (司馬繇), Sima Cui (司馬漼) and Sima Dan (司馬澹).

paragraph: Zhuge Dan's son, Zhuge Jing (諸葛靚), was sent as a hostage to Eastern Wu in 257 in return for support from Wu forces for his father's rebellion. He remained in Wu and served as Minister of War (大司馬). In 280, after the Jin dynasty conquered Wu, Zhuge Jing went into hiding in the home of his sister (the one who married Sima Zhou). The Jin emperor Sima Yan (Emperor Wu) considered Zhuge Jing his relative (Sima Zhou was an uncle of Emperor Wu) and knew that Zhuge Jing was hiding in his sister's home, so he paid them a visit. When Zhuge Jing heard that the emperor had come to visit him, he hid in the latrine and refused to come out. The emperor insisted on seeing him and said, "Today, we finally meet each other again." Zhuge Jing replied tearfully, "I regret not being able to cover my body in paint and remove the skin from my face before I meet Your Majesty again!" Emperor Wu appointed him as a Palace Attendant (侍中), but he refused to accept, returned to his hometown and lived the rest of his life as a commoner. Zhuge Jing had two sons: Zhuge Yi (諸葛頤) and Zhuge Hui (諸葛恢). Zhuge Yi served as Minister of Ceremonies (太常) during the Jin dynasty and was favoured by Emperor Yuan. Zhuge Hui served as Prefect of the Masters of Writing (尚書令).

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Zhuge Dan is first introduced as a playable character in the seventh instalment of Koei's "Dynasty Warriors" video game series.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fang, Xuanling (ed.) (648). "Book of Jin" ("Jin Shu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liu, Yiqing (ed.) ( 5th century). "A New Account of the Tales of the World" ("Shishuo Xinyu" / "Shiyu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). "Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi zhu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sima, Guang (1084). "Zizhi Tongjian".

description: Cao Wei general

wikidata_label: Zhuge Dan

wikipedia_title: Zhuge Dan


text:
American
Democratic
California
United States House of Representatives
Wausa, Nebraska
Wayne State Teachers College
B.A.
J.D.
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Navy Reserve
Assistant United States Attorney
California State Assembly
California State Senate
House Judiciary Committee
impeachment proceedings
Richard Nixon
California Court of Appeal
Jerry Brown
Monterey Park, California

categories: American naval personnel of World War II,1998 deaths,Assistant United States Attorneys,1915 births,20th-century American judges,Judges of the California Courts of Appeal,Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives,People from Knox County, Nebraska,Members of the United States House of Representatives from California,Members of the California State Assembly,California Democrats,United States Navy reservists,University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni,20th-century American politicians,California state senators,People from Monterey Park, California,FBI agents,Wayne State College alumni

paragraph: George E. Danielson

paragraph: George Elmore Danielson (February 20, 1915 – September 12, 1998) was an American Democratic politician and judge from California. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1982.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Wausa, Nebraska, Danielson attended Wayne State Teachers College before earning his B.A. and J.D. from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 1937 and 1939, respectively. He was a special agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1939 to 1944 and served in the United States Navy Reserve from 1944 to 1946. He was an Assistant United States Attorney from 1949 to 1951 and thereafter entered private practice.

paragraph: Danielson was twice elected to the California State Assembly, serving from 1963 to 1967, and to the California State Senate, serving from 1967 to 1971. In 1970, he was elected to his first of six terms to the U.S. House of Representatives. He served on the House Judiciary Committee during the impeachment proceedings against President Richard Nixon and voted in favor of three of the articles. Danielson resigned from Congress on March 9, 1982 after being appointed an associate justice on the California Court of Appeal in the Second District, Division Three by Governor Jerry Brown.

paragraph: Danielson retired from the bench in April 1992. He died on September 12, 1998 of heart failure in Monterey Park, California.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: George E. Danielson

wikipedia_title: George E. Danielson


text:
cartoonist
Ginger Meggs
Enmore, New South Wales
The Bulletin
Dattilo Rubbo
Julian Ashton
Ginger
Edward Joseph 'E.J.' Tait
Darling Point
The Australian Women's Weekly
Yuma, Arizona
Michael Latimer
Point Piper, New South Wales
Hornsby, New South Wales
Ginger Meggs
Blue Mountains Melody

categories: Australian comics artists,1952 deaths,1889 births,People from the Inner West (Sydney),Australian cartoonists,Australian comic strip cartoonists

paragraph: Jimmy Bancks

paragraph: James Charles Bancks (10 May 1889 – 1 July 1952) was an Australian cartoonist best known for his comic strip "Ginger Meggs".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: James Charles Bancks was born in Enmore, New South Wales, Australia on 10 May 1889, the son of an Irish railway worker, John Spencer Bancks. Bancks left school at the age of 14 and found employment with a finance company. His first illustrations were accepted and published by "The Comic Australian" in 1913, followed by "The Arrow" in 1914. This encouraged Bancks to submit work to "The Bulletin", where he was offered a permanent position, which he accepted and remained until 1922. Throughout this period he was studying art under Dattilo Rubbo and Julian Ashton and supplying freelance cartoons to the "Sunday Sun".

paragraph: He created "Ginger" (later "Ginger Meggs") for the "Sunday Sun" and "Sun News-Pictorial". Bancks created "The Blimps" for the "Melbourne Sun" in 1923, and this daily strip ran until 1925, the year when he launched "Mr. Melbourne Day by Day" for the "Melbourne Sun-Pictorial".

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: On 15 October 1931 Bancks married Jessie Nita Tait (daughter of theatrical entrepreneur, Edward Joseph 'E.J.' Tait) at Darling Point. She first worked as fashion adviser to her father's enterprise, since 1933 she published the column “Fashion Parade” in The Australian Women's Weekly. Jessie died in childbirth on 22 November 1936. In 1938 he married Patricia Quinan in Yuma, Arizona in the United States. They adopted a daughter, the artist Sheena Bancks, who married the actor Michael Latimer.

paragraph: Bancks died on 1 July 1952, from a heart attack at his home in Point Piper, New South Wales.

paragraph: On July 26, 1997, the Mayor of Hornsby, New South Wales, formally named a park in Hornsby after Bancks's character Ginger Meggs. The area had an association with Bancks because he used to spend time there in his childhood. The park is located in Valley Road, adjacent to a creek that was named Jimmy Bancks Creek.

paragraph: Section::::Selected writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ginger Meggs" (1922–1952) – cartoon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Impressions of the Artists' Ball : In Line and in Rhythm" (1922) – poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sunshine Family : A Book of Nonsense for Girls and Boys" (1923) – children's fiction

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Party Impressions" (1929) – short story

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man Who Knew Mailey" (1930) – short story

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blue Mountains Melody" (1934) – musical

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bancks, James Charles. "The Golden Years of Ginger Meggs, 1921-1952", edited by J. Horgan. Medindie, S.A.: Souvenir in association with Brolga, 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryan, John. "Panel by panel: a history of Australian comics." Stanmore, N.S.W: Cassell Australia, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strickler, Dave. "Syndicated Comic Strips and Artists, 1924-1995: The Complete Index." Cambria, California: Comics Access, 1995. .

description: cartoonist

wikidata_label: Jimmy Bancks

wikipedia_title: Jimmy Bancks


text:
witchcraft
Salem witch trials
hanging
Alice Parker
Martha Corey
Mary Eastey
Ann Pudeator
Mary Parker
Wilmot Redd
Margaret Scott
Boston, Massachusetts
John Wheelwright
Anne Hutchinson
Province of Massachusetts Bay
witchcraft
Salem
"forced" confession
Who Do You Think You Are?
Scott Foley

categories: Executed people from Maryland,People executed by the Thirteen Colonies by hanging,17th-century executions of American people,People executed by Massachusetts by hanging,1692 deaths,People of the Salem witch trials,People convicted of witchcraft,17th-century executions by England,People from Boston,People executed by the Province of Massachusetts Bay,1643 births

paragraph: Samuel Wardwell

paragraph: Samuel Wardwell (May 16, 1643 - September 22, 1692) was a man accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials of 1692. He was executed by hanging on September 22, 1692, along with Alice Parker, Martha Corey, Mary Eastey, Ann Pudeator, Mary Parker, Wilmot Redd, and Margaret Scott.

paragraph: Wardwell was born on May 16, 1643, to Thomas Wardwell and Elizabeth Woodruff in Boston, Massachusetts. His father had been a follower of John Wheelwright and Anne Hutchinson.

paragraph: Samuel's wife, Sarah, controlled a one hundred and eighty-eight-acre estate, which she had inherited from her first husband, Adam Hawkes, upon his death. The Province of Massachusetts Bay passed a law which provided attainder for "conjuration, witchcraft, and dealing with evil and wicked spirits", which meant the loss of civil, inheritance, and property rights of those accused.

paragraph: William Baker Jr., 14 years old, accused Samuel, Sarah, and their 19-year-old daughter Mercy Wardwell of witchcraft. All three confessed the very day they were interrogated.

paragraph: Samuel was executed at Proctor's Ledge in Salem after retracting a "forced" confession. Eventually, his widow, Sarah Wardwell was reprieved and released. In 1712, after Sarah died, their son, Samuel Wardwell Jr., was left destitute and later sued the Colony and won some compensation for the family's ordeals.

paragraph: Per the TV show Who Do You Think You Are?, actor Scott Foley is a direct descendant of Samuel Wardwell.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Upham, Charles (1980). Salem Witchcraft. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 2 vv., v. 2 pp. 324, 384, 480.

description: hanged as part of the Salem witch trials

wikidata_label: Samuel Wardwell

wikipedia_title: Samuel Wardwell


text:
disciples
Buddha
Khema
Arahant
supernormal powers
Samyutta Nikaya
Sravaka
Abhijna
Bodhi, Bhikkhu
SN
AN
Buddhist Publication Society

paragraph: Uppalavanna

paragraph: Uppalavannā ( or 優缽華色比丘尼) was considered to be one of the two chief female disciples of the Buddha, the other being Khema.

paragraph: She was the daughter of a wealthy merchant and was known for her great beauty. Her name means "one with the hue of the blue lotus".

paragraph: Section::::Family life and renunciation.

paragraph: She was the daughter of a businessman from Savatthi (Shravasti). She was named Uppalavanna because her complexion was that of a blue lotus. She was so beautiful that when she came of age, powerful and wealthy suitors sent messengers to her father asking for her hand. Not wanting to displease so many people, he suggested that she become a bhikkhuni. She agreed and became a nun. She quickly progressed in meditation and became an Arahant (fully liberated).

paragraph: Section::::Life as a nun.

paragraph: Buddha declared her to be the foremost in supernormal powers among the nuns.

paragraph: Samyutta Nikaya V.5, the Uppalavanna Sutta, is attributed to her:

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sravaka (disciple)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abhijna (higher powers)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bodhi, Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997). "Uppalavanna Sutta: Uppalavanna" (SN 5.5). Retrieved 2007-10-19 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn05/sn05.005.bodh.html.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paw Dhamma Center (n.d.). "The Chief Disciple Uppalavanna Theri". Retrieved from Paw Dhamma Center at http://home.earthlink.net/~mpaw1235/id11.html.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Upalavanna, Sister (trans.) (n.d.). "Etadaggavagga: These are the foremost" (AN 1:14). Retrieved 2007-10-19 from "MettaNet" at http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara1/1-ekanipata/014-Etadaggapali-e.html.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bodhi, Bhikkhu (ed., trans.) (1997). "Discourses of the Ancient Nuns (Bhikkhuni-samyutta)" (Bodhi Leaves Publication No. 143). Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. Retrieved 2007-10-19 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bodhi/bl143.html.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nibbana.com (n.d.). "Life Histories of Bhikkhuni Arahats: The story of Uppalavanna Theri". Retrieved from "Nibbana.com" at https://web.archive.org/web/20060719091131/http://www.triplegem.plus.com/gcobbkn1.htm#3.

description: Disciple of Gautama Buddha

wikidata_label: Uppalavanna

wikipedia_title: Uppalavanna


text: English

text: Somerset

text: Lincolnshire

text: James I of England

text: Thomas Campion

text: lute song

text: homophonic

text: word painting

text: broken consort

text: bandora

text: cittern

text: lute

text: flute

text: viol

text: Jacobean theatre

text: Robert Keysar

text: Children of the Chapel

text: Children of the Queen's Revels

text: Children of the Queen's Revels

text: Whitefriars Theatre

text: Blackfriars Theatre

text: Giles Farnaby

text: Fitzwilliam Virginal Book

text: Martin Shaw

text: Mont Campbell

text: Uriel

text: Grove Music Online

text: grovemusic.com

text: Music Collection

text: Cambridge Digital Library

categories: 1623 deaths,16th-century English composers,17th-century English composers,17th-century classical composers,English classical composers,1560s births,English Baroque composers,English lutenists,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Philip Rosseter

paragraph: Philip Rosseter (1568 – 5 May 1623) was an English composer and musician, as well as a theatrical manager. His family seems to have been from Somerset or Lincolnshire, he may have been employed with the Countess of Sussex by 1596, and he was living in London by 1598. In 1604 Rosseter was appointed a court lutenist for James I of England, a position he held until his death in 1623. Rosseter is best known for "A Book of Ayres" which was written with Thomas Campion and published in 1601. Some literary critics have held that Campion wrote the poems for Rosseter's songs; however, this seems not to be the case. It is likely that Campion was the author of the book's preface, which criticizes complex counterpoint and "intricate" harmonies that leave the words inaudible. The two men had a close professional and personal relationship; when Campion died in 1620, he had named Rosseter his sole heir.

paragraph: Rosseter's lute songs are generally short, homophonic, with minimal repetition or word painting (imitating textual meanings through music), while at the same time being rich in musical invention. Rosseter's only other book was "Lessons for Consort" (1609) for a broken consort of bandora, cittern, lute, flute, and treble and bass viol, which contains arrangements of his own and others' music.

paragraph: Rosseter was also involved in the Jacobean theatre. In 1609 he and Robert Keysar became shareholders in a company of boy actors, the Children of the Chapel. The company had lost their royal patronage in 1606 as a result of their satire of Jacobean court scandals, but Rosseter was permitted to restore their former title, the Children of the Queen's Revels, in 1610. Rosseter remained connected to the Jacobean court during this period, performing in February 1613 for George Chapman's "Masque of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn." In 1614, the Children of the Queen's Revels' lease for Whitefriars Theatre expired, and Rosseter obtained a license from King James to build a new theatre at Porter's Hall, near the Blackfriars Theatre. Boundary changes brought the site within the City of London, however, where the lord mayor and aldermen strongly objected to the establishment of the theater. After a controversial trial in which Lord Chief Justice Coke found for the London authorities, the nearly-completed playhouse was demolished in 1617. Rosseter made attempts to operate the boy actors, now known as the Children of the Late Queen's Revels, as a touring company, but he withdrew as a shareholder by 1620, and the company disbanded shortly afterwards.

paragraph: A piece entitled "Rosseter's Galliard" by Giles Farnaby is included in the "Fitzwilliam Virginal Book" (no. CCLXXXIII), probably a setting of one of Rosseter's compositions.

paragraph: One of his compositions was used by Martin Shaw and then arranged by Mont Campbell to become 'Garden of Earthly Delights' on the album Arzachel by Prog Rock group Uriel in 1969.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campion, Thomas and Philip Rosseter. "A booke of ayres, set foorth to be song to the lute, orpherian, and base violl" (London, 1601), "Early English Books Online" (accessed 11 August 2013),  (subscription access).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greer, David. "Philip Rosseter", "Grove Music Online", ed. L. Macy (accessed 16 October 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Halliday, F. E. "A Shakespeare Companion 1564-1964," Baltimore, Penguin, 1964.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harwood, Ian. "Philip Rosseter", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" (accessed 11 August 2013), www.oxforddnb.com (subscription access).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video of "When Laura smiles" by Philip Rosseter performed by Valeria Mignaco, soprano & Alfonso Marin, lute

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip Rosseter performed by lutenist Brian Wright

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music Collection in Cambridge Digital Library which contains early copies/examples of Rosseter's compositions

description: English composer and musician

wikidata_label: Philip Rosseter

wikipedia_title: Philip Rosseter


text: Continental Army

text: American Revolutionary War

text: United States Representative

text: Connecticut

text: Norwich, Connecticut

text: Jabez

text: Backus Hospital

text: Yale College

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: Harvard College

text: Master of Arts

text: Boston

text: first lieutenant

text: 2nd Connecticut Regiment

text: Siege of Boston

text: General Washington

text: New York

text: Battle of Long Island

text: Samuel Wyllys

text: brigade major

text: Samuel Holden Parsons

text: Webb's Additional Continental Regiment

text: Israel Putnam

text: Battle of Rhode Island

text: Battle of Springfield

text: New Jersey

text: Yorktown

text: Cornwallis

text: John Trumbull

text: Society of the Cincinnati

text: Governor of Connecticut

text: Samuel Huntington

text: Adjutant General

text: Quasi War

text: United States House of Representatives

text: Samuel W. Dana

text: United States Senate

text: James Hillhouse

text: Federalist

text: Colchester

text: Woodstock

text: 2nd Connecticut Regiment

text: 22nd Continental Regiment

text: Webb's Additional Continental Regiment

text: 3rd Connecticut Regiment

text: 1st Connecticut Regiment

text: Swift's Connecticut Battalion

categories: Members of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut,Connecticut Federalists,Yale College alumni,1754 births,Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives,1834 deaths,Continental Army officers from Connecticut,People of colonial Connecticut,Military personnel from Norwich, Connecticut

paragraph: Ebenezer Huntington

paragraph: Ebenezer Huntington (December 26, 1754 – June 17, 1834) was an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and afterwards United States Representative from Connecticut.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ebenezer was born on December 26, 1754 in Norwich, Connecticut to Jabez and Hannah (Williams) Huntington. His brothers were Joshua (who also served during the Revolution) and Zachariah. His half brothers were Jedediah and Andrew, whose mother Elizabeth (Backus) Huntington died in 1746. The Backuses were a prominent family from the area whose heirs would found Backus Hospital.

paragraph: Ebenezer attended Yale College, leaving without permission on April 21, 1775. After communication with the college, he would receive his degree on August 8 of the same year. He would later receive an honorary Bachelor of Arts from Harvard College and in 1785, Master of Arts from both colleges.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: After leaving Yale, Ebenezer arrived in Boston, where he received an appointment as a first lieutenant in Captain Chester's Company of General Joseph's 2nd Connecticut Regiment. He participated in the Siege of Boston until its close, when he marched with General Washington to New York. In May 1776, he was promoted to captain and fought in the Battle of Long Island on August 27th under Colonel Samuel Wyllys. By the end of the battle, he was promoted to brigade major under Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons. The regiment suffered significant casualties in Long Island.

paragraph: On October 26, 1776, he was temporarily promoted to Deputy Adjutant General under Major General Heath in defense of the Highlands and also served as Deputy Paymaster. In January 1777 he was promoted to major of Webb's Additional Continental Regiment which was part of Major General Israel Putnam's division. During the summer of 1778, he participated in the Battle of Rhode Island, where he took temporary command of the regiment. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the regiment in October 1778. Under his command, the unit fought in the Battle of Springfield in 1780 in New Jersey.

paragraph: Now a lieutenant colonel, he was given command of a light infantry regiment and marched with Washington to Yorktown, where he witnessed the surrender of Cornwallis. He is represented in the painting by John Trumbull as one of the American officers. He remained on duty with his troops until the unit was disbanded in May 1783. He was an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati.

paragraph: Section::::After the war.

paragraph: Ebenezer Huntington retired from the Army to pursue a career in merchandise. But in 1792, he was appointed a general by the Governor of Connecticut, Samuel Huntington, to be the Adjutant General after Congress passed an act in 1792 authorizing the states to maintain a militia. He held the position for the next 30 years under seven different governors.

paragraph: On July 19, 1798 he was commissioned a brigadier general in the United States Army when it was expanded during the Quasi War with France. He was discharged on June 15, 1800 when the Army was reduced at the end of hostilities.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: Concurrently, while serving as the state's Adjutant General, Ebenezer twice served as a member of the United States House of Representatives in Connecticut's At-large congressional district. His first tenure was for less than five months, when he filled the vacancy created when Samuel W. Dana was appointed to the United States Senate to complete the term of James Hillhouse who had resigned. He would serve again as the at-large congressman five years later, when he was elected as a Federalist in November 1816, beginning his term on March 4, 1817. He would only serve one term.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Ebenezer Huntington was married twice. He first married Sarah Isham of Colchester on December 10, 1791 with whom he had one son, Alfred Isham Huntington. Sarah died in 1793. Ebenezer married Lucretia Mary McClellan of Woodstock on October 7, 1795. They had nine children: Wolcott (b. August 20, 1796), Louisa Mary (b. February 20, 1798), George Washington (b, November 22, 1799), Nancy (b. April 6, 1803), Walter (b. November 11, 1804), Sarah (b. May 1, 1806), Elizabeth (b. August 24, 1808) and Maria (b. December 13, 1810). Lucretia died on November 5, 1819.

paragraph: General Huntington died on June 17, 1834.

paragraph: Section::::Dates of rank.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st Lieutenant, 2nd Connecticut Regiment - 8 September 1775

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st Lieutenant, 22nd Continental Regiment - 1 January 1776

paragraph: BULLET::::- Captain, 22nd Continental Regiment - May 1776

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brigade Major to Brigadier General Parsons - August 1776

paragraph: BULLET::::- Major, Webb's Additional Continental Regiment - 1 January 1777

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lieutenant Colonel, Webb's Additional Continental Regiment - 10 October 1778

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lieutenant Colonel, 3rd Connecticut Regiment - 1 January 1781

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lieutenant Colonel, 1st Connecticut Regiment - 1 January 1783

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lieutenant Colonel, Swift's Connecticut Battalion - June 1783

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retired - 3 November 1783

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brigadier General, United States Army - 19 July 1798

paragraph: BULLET::::- Resigned - 15 June 1800

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sage, Henry W. "Letters written by Ebenezer Huntington". Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Library, 1891

paragraph: Retrieved on 2008-04-07

paragraph: BULLET::::- Purcell, L. Edward. "Who Was Who in the American Revolution". New York: Facts on File, 1993. .

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Ebenezer Huntington

wikipedia_title: Ebenezer Huntington


text:
American
U.S. state
West Virginia
West Virginia Senate
second Governor of West Virginia
Staten Island
New York
Buckhannon, West Virginia
Upshur County
Mary Ireland
Arthur I. Boreman
United States Senate
Daniel Duane Tompkins Farnsworth

categories: Republican Party state governors of the United States,West Virginia Republicans,Delegates of the 1861 Wheeling Convention,Presidents of the West Virginia State Senate,People from Staten Island,People from Buckhannon, West Virginia,19th-century American politicians,1892 deaths,1819 births,Governors of West Virginia

paragraph: Daniel D. T. Farnsworth

paragraph: Daniel Duane Tompkins Farnsworth (December 23, 1819 – December 5, 1892) was an American politician in the U.S. state of West Virginia, who served in the West Virginia Senate and briefly as the second Governor of West Virginia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Farnsworth was born in Staten Island, New York. When he was two, his family relocated to Buckhannon, West Virginia in Upshur County. He married Mary Ireland. Farnsworth was the President of the West Virginia Senate in 1869 when Governor Arthur I. Boreman vacated his office to serve in the United States Senate. Farnsworth then served as Governor of West Virginia for seven days, from February 26, 1869 - March 4, 1869.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Duane Tompkins Farnsworth

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Daniel D. T. Farnsworth

wikipedia_title: Daniel D. T. Farnsworth


text: professional baseball

text: pitcher

text: Miami Marlins

text: Major League Baseball

text: Tampa Bay Rays

text: University of Arkansas

text: Arkansas Razorbacks baseball

text: Blue Valley High School

text: Stilwell, Kansas

text: 2013 MLB draft

text: opener

text: Blue Valley High School

text: Stilwell, Kansas

text: win–loss record

text: earned run average

text: strikeout

text: Baseball America

text: 2010 Major League Baseball Draft

text: Seattle Mariners

text: University of Arkansas

text: college baseball

text: Arkansas Razorbacks baseball

text: strikeout

text: innings pitched

text: Houston College Classic

text: All-America

text: Baseball America

text: Perfect Game

text: Collegiate Baseball

text: Southeastern Conference

text: batting average against

text: 2013 MLB Draft

text: Tampa Bay Rays

text: signing bonus

text: acetabular labrum

text: Bowling Green Hot Rods

text: Class A

text: Midwest League

text: Charlotte Stone Crabs

text: Class A-Advanced

text: Florida State League

text: Montgomery Biscuits

text: Class AA

text: Southern League

text: Durham Bulls

text: Class AAA

text: International League

text: All-Star Futures Game

text: opener

text: Jesús Sánchez

text: Miami Marlins

text: Nick Anderson

text: Trevor Richards

categories: Montgomery Biscuits players,Sportspeople from the Kansas City metropolitan area,Charlotte Stone Crabs players,Baseball players from Kansas,Tampa Bay Rays players,Arkansas Razorbacks baseball players,Bowling Green Hot Rods players,Gulf Coast Rays players,Major League Baseball pitchers,1991 births,All-Star Futures Game players,People from Overland Park, Kansas,Living people

paragraph: Ryne Stanek

paragraph: Ryne Thomas Stanek (born July 26, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Tampa Bay Rays.

paragraph: Stanek attended the University of Arkansas, where he played for the Arkansas Razorbacks baseball team. Prior to that, he attended Blue Valley High School in Stilwell, Kansas, and played for the school's baseball team. He was selected by the Rays in the first round of the 2013 MLB draft. Stanek made his MLB debut in 2017, often appearing as an opener, before the Rays traded him to the Marlins in 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Amateur career.

paragraph: Stanek attended Blue Valley High School in Stilwell, Kansas. As a senior, Stanek pitched to a 5–1 win–loss record, a 0.72 earned run average (ERA), and 71 strikeouts. Out of high school, "Baseball America" ranked Stanek as the 42nd best available player in the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft. The Seattle Mariners selected Stanek in the third round, with the 99th overall selection, but he did not sign.

paragraph: Stanek then enrolled at the University of Arkansas to play college baseball for the Arkansas Razorbacks baseball team. As a sophomore in 2012, Stanek pitched to an 8–4 win-loss record with a 2.82 ERA and 83 strikeouts in innings pitched. He was named to the All-Tournament Team in the 2012 Houston College Classic. That summer, he played with the United States collegiate national baseball team.

paragraph: Prior to the 2013 season, Stanek was named a pre-season All-American by "Baseball America", "Perfect Game", and "Collegiate Baseball", and the Southeastern Conference (SEC) Pre-season Pitcher of the Year. On March 25, 2013, Stanek was named the SEC Pitcher of the Week. He finished his junior year with a 10–2 record, a 1.39 ERA, 79 strikeouts, and 41 walks in innings. In his three years at Arkansas, he compiled a 22–8 record and a 2.55 ERA, with a batting average against of .216.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minor League career.

paragraph: Stanek was considered one of the top available prospects in the 2013 MLB Draft, and was selected by the Tampa Bay Rays with the 29th pick in the first round. Stanek signed with the Rays for a $1,758,300 signing bonus. He did not pitch professionally after he signed, and had surgery on his right acetabular labrum during the 2013–14 offseason, and missed the start of the 2014 season. He made his professional debut with the Bowling Green Hot Rods of the Class A Midwest League on May 8, 2014. After pitching to a 3–4 record and a 3.63 ERA for Bowling Green, the Rays promoted Stanek to the Charlotte Stone Crabs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League in July.

paragraph: Stanek began the 2015 season with Charlotte, and was later promoted to the Montgomery Biscuits of the Class AA Southern League. Stanek finished 2015 with a combined 8–5 record with a 3.04 ERA between the two clubs. He returned to Montgomery in 2016, and later joined the Durham Bulls of the Class AAA International League; he posted a combined 4–10 record with a 4.30 ERA between Montgomery and Durham. He was named to appear in the 2016 All-Star Futures Game. The Rays added him to their 40-man roster after the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Rays.

paragraph: The Rays promoted Stanek to the major leagues on May 13, 2017. He made his major league debut the next day. He ended the 2017 season with a 5.85 ERA in 21 appearances.

paragraph: In 2018, Stanek found a niche spot working as "the opener", where he found immediate success with his high 90s fastball and newly introduced splitter. In June, Stanek technically set an MLB record by throwing seven consecutive scoreless starts. However, he pitched a mere innings across those seven starts. Stanek also set a major league record with 17 straight starts allowing one run or less. On September 5, Stanek became the first rookie in 75 years to start in back-to-back games. For the majority of the season, Stanek was used as one of the Rays' "opening" starters, making 59 total appearances (29 starts). In innings, he struck out 81 batters and recorded a 2.98 ERA.

paragraph: The following season, the Rays continued using Stanek as an "opener". Stanek hit the disabled list on July 20, 2019 with a hip injury. He had appeared in 41 games, 27 starts in innings.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Marlins.

paragraph: On July 31, 2019, the Rays traded Stanek and Jesús Sánchez to the Miami Marlins in exchange for Nick Anderson and Trevor Richards

paragraph: Section::::Scouting report.

paragraph: Stanek throws a 4-seam fastball which stays in the high 90s and low hundreds, and a slider which is in the high 80s and low 90s.

description: American professional baseball pitcher

wikidata_label: Ryne Stanek

wikipedia_title: Ryne Stanek


text:
entomologist
St Kilda
Melbourne
Victoria
Australia
née
Melbourne's Scotch College
sheep station
Young
ground
tiger
Darwinian
Church of England
Herbert James Carter
cardiac asthma
Canberra
Young
New South Wales

categories: People from Melbourne,Australian entomologists,1932 deaths,People from New South Wales,Australian farmers,1858 births

paragraph: Thomas Gibson Sloane

paragraph: Thomas Gibson Sloane (20 April 185820 October 1932) was an Australian sheep grazier and entomologist, considered to be one of the pioneers in Australia's entomology field.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Sloane was born 20 April 1858 in St Kilda, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, the second son of merchant and sheep expert Alexander Sloane and homemaker Annabella Helen (née Gibson). He studied for some time at Melbourne's Scotch College.

paragraph: Section::::Career and personal life.

paragraph: From 1888, Sloane served as manager of his father's sheep station, A. Sloane and Sons, in Moorilla, near Young, and later on in 1910 as owner. His sheep earned him recognition at many sheep shows. As an entomologist, Sloane described more than 600 new insect species. His expertise were the ground and tiger beetles. He later became a global authority on ground beetles. "An enthusiastic Darwinian", Sloane wed Eliza Scholastica Woolfrey on 28 October 1891, at the Church of England, Dubbo. They had six children – four were daughters and two were sons.

paragraph: Section::::Later years and death.

paragraph: Fellow entomologist Herbert James Carter described Sloane as "unselfish" and "stoic by nature". However, he suffered a financial crisis in later years. He was reportedly very fit for his age and was free from any illness until a while before his death, when he experienced cardiac asthma. He had planned to retire in Canberra. Sloane died on 20 October 1932 at the Bunnerong Hospital in Young, New South Wales. His wife inherited all of his possessions. Following his death, his widow donated his extensive beetle collection, now known as the Thomas Sloane Collection, to the Division of Economic Entomology of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, in accordance of Sloane's wishes.

description: Australian entomologist

wikidata_label: Thomas Gibson Sloane

wikipedia_title: Thomas Gibson Sloane


text:
Italian
condottiero
Imperial
Italian War of 1542
Malatesta II Baglioni
Perugia
Bettona
Spello
Umbria
Battle of Ceresole
Val di Chiana
Page at condottieridiventura.it

categories: Condottieri,Italian military personnel killed in action,1554 deaths,Military leaders of the Italian Wars,1512 births,16th-century Italian people

paragraph: Rodolfo Baglioni

paragraph: Rodolfo (or Ridolfo) Baglioni (June 1512 – March 1554) was an Italian condottiero serving in the Imperial army during the Italian War of 1542. He was the son of Malatesta II Baglioni, from whom he inherited the lordship of Perugia, Bettona, Spello and other lands in Umbria.

paragraph: At the Battle of Ceresole, he commanded the Florentine light cavalry. He was killed in action while fighting in Val di Chiana, in March 1554.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Page at condottieridiventura.it

description: Italian condottiero

wikidata_label: Rodolfo Baglioni

wikipedia_title: Rodolfo Baglioni