text: Jewish-Polish

text: mathematician

text: educator

text: David Hilbert

text: Göttingen University

text: Jan Kazimierz University

text: Lwów

text: Lviv

text: Ukraine

text: Lwów School of Mathematics

text: Stefan Banach

text: functional analysis

text: Banach–Steinhaus theorem

text: World War II

text: Wrocław University

text: geometry

text: mathematical logic

text: trigonometry

text: game theory

text: probability theory

text: Jasło

text: Austria-Hungary

text: Galician Diet

text: assembly

text: Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria

text: gymnasium

text: engineer

text: abstract mathematics

text: University of Lemberg

text: Göttingen University

text: David Hilbert

text: Dirichlet's principle

text: World War I

text: Józef Piłsudski

text: Polish Legion

text: Kraków

text: independence

text: Ministry of the Interior

text: Kingdom of Poland

text: University of Lemberg

text: Jan Kazimierz University

text: Poland

text: habilitation

text: associate professor

text: Lebesgue integration

text: France

text: Lwów School of Mathematics

text: Scottish cafe

text: Stanislaw Ulam

text: Nazi Germany

text: Soviet Union

text: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

text: Hungary

text: Ukrainian

text: Stefan Banach

text: Scottish Book

text: last one

text: Operation Barbarossa

text: Nazi occupation

text: Osiczyna

text: Zamość

text: Berdechów

text: Polish anti-Nazi resistance

text: Mark Kac

text: Breslau

text: Wrocław

text: Potsdam agreement

text: Łódź

text: Lublin

text: University of Wrocław

text: New Scottish Book

text: University of Notre Dame

text: University of Sussex

text: functional analysis

text: geometry

text: probability theory

text: trigonometric

text: Fourier series

text: mathematical logic

text: applied mathematics

text: engineers

text: geologists

text: economists

text: physicians

text: biologists

text: lawyers

text: functional analysis

text: Banach–Steinhaus theorem

text: game

text: strategy

text: John von Neumann

text: game theory

text: Jan Mycielski

text: Axiom of determinacy

text: axiom

text: measure-theoretic

text: coin-tossing

text: Andrey Kolmogorov

text: independent

text: random variable

text: uniformly distributed

text: proportional

text: fair cake-cutting

text: ham-sandwich theorem

text: k-means clustering

text: Lebesgue integral

text: Otto Nikodym

text: Polish Mathematical Society

text: Polish Academy of Learning

text: Polish Academy of Sciences

text: Polish Mathematical Society

text: Wrocław Scientific Society

text: Fundamenta Mathematicae

text: Studia Mathematica

text: Stefan Banach

text: honorary doctorate degrees

text: Warsaw University

text: Wrocław Medical Academy

text: Poznań University

text: aphorism

text: Polish

text: French

text: Latin

text: Mark Kac

text: Stefan Kaczmarz

text: Jan Kott

text: Wrocław

text: Poland

text: University of Wrocław

text: Rafał Dutkiewicz

text: Freiling's axiom of symmetry

text: One-seventh area triangle

text: Johnson–Trotter algorithm

text: Steinhaus conjecture

text: Steinhaus polygon notation

text: Steinhaus theorem

text: Steinhaus longimeter

text: Last diminisher

text: Kazimierz Kuratowski

text: Pergamon Press

text: blurb

categories: Polish Jews,Polish atheists,Probability theorists,20th-century Polish mathematicians,Polish legionnaires (World War I),Members of the Polish Academy of Learning,Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe),People from Jasło,Members of the Lwów Scientific Society,Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences,1972 deaths,Jewish atheists,1887 births

paragraph: Hugo Steinhaus

paragraph: Władysław Hugo Dionizy Steinhaus (January 14, 1887 – February 25, 1972) was a Jewish-Polish mathematician and educator. Steinhaus obtained his PhD under David Hilbert at Göttingen University in 1911 and later became a professor at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine), where he helped establish what later became known as the Lwów School of Mathematics. He is credited with "discovering" mathematician Stefan Banach, with whom he gave a notable contribution to functional analysis through the Banach–Steinhaus theorem. After World War II Steinhaus played an important part in the establishment of the mathematics department at Wrocław University and in the revival of Polish mathematics from the destruction of the war.

paragraph: Author of around 170 scientific articles and books, Steinhaus has left his legacy and contribution in many branches of mathematics, such as functional analysis, geometry, mathematical logic, and trigonometry. Notably he is regarded as one of the early founders of game theory and probability theory which led to later development of more comprehensive approaches by other scholars.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and studies.

paragraph: Steinhaus was born on January 14, 1887 in Jasło, Austria-Hungary to a family with Jewish roots. His father, Bogusław, was a local industrialist, owner of a brick factory and a merchant. His mother was Ewelina, née Lipschitz. Hugo's uncle, Ignacy Steinhaus, was an activist in the "Koło Polskie" (Polish Circle), and a deputy to the Galician Diet, the regional assembly of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.

paragraph: Hugo finished his studies at the gymnasium in Jasło in 1905. His family wanted him to become an engineer but he was drawn to abstract mathematics and began to study the works of famous contemporary mathematicians on his own. In the same year he began studying philosophy and mathematics at the University of Lemberg. In 1906 he transferred to Göttingen University. At that University he received his Ph.D. in 1911, having written his doctoral dissertation under the supervision of David Hilbert. The title of his thesis was "Neue Anwendungen des Dirichlet'schen Prinzips" ("New applications to Dirichlet's principle").

paragraph: At the start of World War I Steinhaus returned to Poland and served in Józef Piłsudski's Polish Legion, after which he lived in Kraków.

paragraph: He was an atheist.

paragraph: Section::::Academic career.

paragraph: Section::::Academic career.:Interwar Poland.

paragraph: During the 1916-1917 period and before Poland had regained its full independence, which occurred in 1918, Steinhaus worked in Kraków for the Ministry of the Interior in the ephemeral puppet state of Kingdom of Poland.

paragraph: In 1917 he started to work at the University of Lemberg (later "Jan Kazimierz University" in Poland) and acquired his habilitation qualification in 1920. In 1921 he became a "profesor nadzwyczajny" (associate professor) and in 1925 "profesor zwyczajny" (full professor) at the same university. During this time he taught a course on the then cutting edge theory of Lebesgue integration, one of the first such courses offered outside France.

paragraph: While in Lwów, Steinhaus co-founded the Lwów School of Mathematics and was active in the circle of mathematicians associated with the Scottish cafe, although, according to Stanislaw Ulam, for the circle's gatherings, Steinhaus would have generally preferred a more upscale tea shop down the street.

paragraph: Section::::Academic career.:World War II.

paragraph: In September 1939 after Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union both invaded and occupied Poland, as a fulfillment of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact they had signed earlier, Lwów initially came under Soviet occupation. Steinhaus considered escaping to Hungary but ultimately decided to remain in Lwów. The Soviets reorganized the university to give it a more Ukrainian character, but they did appoint Stefan Banach (Steinhaus's student) as the dean of the mathematics department and Steinhaus resumed teaching there. The faculty of the department at the school were also strengthened by several Polish refugees from German occupied Poland. According to Steinhaus, during the experience of this period, he "acquired an insurmountable physical disgust in regard to all sorts of Soviet administrators, politicians and commissars"

paragraph: During the interwar period and the time of the Soviet occupation, Steinhaus contributed ten problems to the famous "Scottish Book", including the last one, recorded shortly before Lwów was captured by the Nazis in 1941, during Operation Barbarossa.

paragraph: Steinhaus, because of his Jewish background, spent the Nazi occupation in hiding, first among friends in Lwów, then in the small towns of Osiczyna, near Zamość and Berdechów, near Kraków. The Polish anti-Nazi resistance provided him with false documents of a forest ranger who had died sometime earlier, by the name of Grzegorz Krochmalny. Under this name he taught clandestine classes (higher education was forbidden for Poles under the German occupation). Worried about the possibility of imminent death if captured by Germans, Steinhaus, without access to any scholarly material, reconstructed from memory and recorded all the mathematics he knew, in addition to writing other voluminous memoirs, of which only a little part has been published.

paragraph: Also while in hiding, and cut off from reliable news on the course of the war, Steinhaus devised a statistical means of estimating for himself the German casualties at the front based on sporadic obituaries published in the local press. The method relied on the relative frequency with which the obituaries stated that the soldier who died was someone's son, someone's "second son", someone's "third son" and so on.

paragraph: According to his student and biographer, Mark Kac, Steinhaus told him that the happiest day of his life were the twenty four hours between the time that the Germans left occupied Poland and the Soviets had not yet arrived ("They had left, and they had not yet come").

paragraph: Section::::Academic career.:After World War II.

paragraph: In the last days of World War II Steinhaus, still in hiding, heard a rumor that University of Lwów was to be transferred to the city of Breslau (Wrocław), which Poland was to acquire as a result of the Potsdam agreement (Lwów became part of Soviet Ukraine). Although initially he had doubts, he turned down offers for faculty positions in Łódź and Lublin and made his way to the city where he began teaching at University of Wrocław. While there, he revived the idea behind the "Scottish Book" from Lwów, where prominent and aspiring mathematicians would write down problems of interest along with prizes to be awarded for their solution, by starting the "New Scottish Book". It was also most likely Steinhaus who preserved the original "Scottish Book" from Lwów throughout the war and subsequently sent it to Stanisław Ulam, who translated it into English.

paragraph: With Steinhaus' help, Wrocław University became renowned for mathematics, much as the University of Lwów had been.

paragraph: Later, in the 1960s, Steinhaus served as a visiting professor at the University of Notre Dame (1961–62) and the University of Sussex (1966).

paragraph: Section::::Mathematical contributions.

paragraph: Steinhaus authored over 170 works. Unlike his student, Stefan Banach, who tended to specialize narrowly in the field of functional analysis, Steinhaus made contributions to a wide range of mathematical sub-disciplines, including geometry, probability theory, functional analysis, theory of trigonometric and Fourier series as well as mathematical logic. He also wrote in the area of applied mathematics and enthusiastically collaborated with engineers, geologists, economists, physicians, biologists and, in Kac's words, "even lawyers".

paragraph: Probably his most notable contribution to functional analysis was the 1927 proof of the Banach–Steinhaus theorem, given along with Stefan Banach, which is now one of the fundamental tools in this branch of mathematics.

paragraph: His interest in games led him to propose an early formal definition of a strategy, anticipating John von Neumann's more complete treatment of a few years later. Consequently, he is considered an early founder of modern game theory. As a result of his work on infinite games Steinhaus, together with another of his students, Jan Mycielski, proposed the Axiom of determinacy.

paragraph: Steinhaus was also an early contributor to, and co-founder of, probability theory, which at the time was in its infancy and not even considered an actual part of mathematics. He provided the first axiomatic measure-theoretic description of coin-tossing, which was to influence the full axiomatization of probability by the Russian mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov a decade later. Steinhaus was also the first to offer precise definitions of what it means for two events to be "independent", as well as for what it means for a random variable to be "uniformly distributed".

paragraph: While in hiding during World War II, Steinhaus worked on the fair cake-cutting problem: how to divide a heterogeneous resource among several people with different preferences such that every person believes he received a proportional share. Steinhaus' work has initiated the modern research of the fair cake-cutting problem.

paragraph: Steinhaus was also the first person to conjecture the ham-sandwich theorem, and one of the first to propose the method of k-means clustering.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Steinhaus is said to have "discovered" the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach in 1916, after he overheard someone utter the words "Lebesgue integral" while in a Kraków park (Steinhaus referred to Banach as his "greatest mathematical discovery"). Together with Banach and the other participant of the park discussion, Otto Nikodym, Steinhaus started the "Mathematical Society of Kraków", which later evolved into the Polish Mathematical Society. He was a member of "PAU" (the Polish Academy of Learning) and "PAN" (the Polish Academy of Sciences), "PTM" (the Polish Mathematical Society), the "Wrocławskie Towarzystwo Naukowe" (Wrocław Scientific Society) as well as many international scientific societies and science academies.

paragraph: Steinhaus also published one of the first articles in "Fundamenta Mathematicae", in 1921. He also co-founded "Studia Mathematica" along with Stefan Banach (1929), and "Zastosowania matematyki" (Applications of Mathematics, 1953), "Colloquium Mathematicum", and "Monografie Matematyczne" (Mathematical Monographs).

paragraph: He received honorary doctorate degrees from Warsaw University (1958), Wrocław Medical Academy (1961), Poznań University (1963) and Wrocław University (1965).

paragraph: Steinhaus had full command of several foreign languages and was known for his aphorisms, to the point that a booklet of his most famous ones in Polish, French and Latin has been published posthumously.

paragraph: In 2002, the Polish Academy of Sciences and Wrocław University sponsored "2002, The Year of Hugo Steinhaus", to celebrate his contributions to Polish and world science.

paragraph: Notable mathematician Mark Kac, Steinhaus's student, wrote:

paragraph: Section::::Chief works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Czym jest, a czym nie jest matematyka" (What Mathematics Is, and What It Is Not, 1923).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sur le principe de la condensation de la singularités" (with Banach, 1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Theorie der Orthogonalreihen" (with Stefan Kaczmarz, 1935).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kalejdoskop matematyczny" (Mathematical Snapshots, 1939).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Taksonomia wrocławska" (A Wroclaw Taxonomy; with others, 1951).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sur la liaison et la division des points d'un ensemble fini" (On uniting and separating the points of a finite set, with others, 1951).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sto zadań" (One Hundred Problems In Elementary Mathematics, 1964).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Orzeł czy reszka" (Heads or Tails, 1961).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Słownik racjonalny" (A Rational Dictionary, 1980).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His daughter Lidya Steinhaus was married to Jan Kott.

paragraph: Section::::Grave.

paragraph: Steinhaus is buried in "Cmentarz Świętej Rodziny" in Sępolno, Wrocław, Poland.

paragraph: On November 1, 2017, a controversy arose as the University of Wrocław took no action to pay for his grave to keep it until 2022 in face of its expiration because it supposedly "had no money". Rafał Dutkiewicz was also widely criticized for doing nothing. Random people organized a charity and paid for the grave to remain.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Freiling's axiom of symmetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- One-seventh area triangle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johnson–Trotter algorithm

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinhaus conjecture

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinhaus polygon notation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinhaus theorem

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinhaus longimeter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Last diminisher

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kazimierz Kuratowski, "A Half Century of Polish Mathematics: Remembrances and Reflections", Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1980, , pp. 173–79 "et passim".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugo Steinhaus, "Mathematical Snapshots", second edition, Oxford, 1951, blurb.

description: Polish mathematician

wikidata_label: Hugo Steinhaus

wikipedia_title: Hugo Steinhaus


text: submarine

text: US Navy

text: Royal Navy

text: Holland 1

text: Liscannor

text: coastguard service

text: Irish speaker

text: Kilkee

text: St Macreehy's National School

text: Irish Christian Brothers

text: Ennistymon

text: Irish Christian Brothers

text: Limerick

text: North Monastery CBS

text: Cork City

text: Portlaoise

text: Drogheda

text: Colaiste Ris

text: Dundalk

text: Paterson, New Jersey

text: American Civil War

text: Boston

text: Fenians

text: Holland I

text: Fenian Ram

text: Paterson Museum

text: US Navy

text: USS "Holland"

text: Crescent Shipyard

text: Elizabeth, New Jersey

text: The Electric Boat Company

text: Isaac Leopold Rice

text: Elihu B. Frost

text: General Dynamics

text: Royal Navy

text: Fore River Ship and Engine Company

text: Quincy, Massachusetts

text: Holland II

text: Holland III

text: Gosport

text: Newark, New Jersey

text: Holy Sepulchre Cemetery

text: Totowa, New Jersey

text: Holland I

text: Paterson

text: Fenian Ram

text: Holland III

text: Holland IV

text: Edmund Zalinski

text: "Holland V"

text: "Holland VI"

text: HMS "Holland 1"

text: Royal Navy

text: Peral Submarine

text: Gymnote

categories: History of the United States Navy,Irish inventors,Irish engineers,People from County Clare,American people of Irish descent,Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood,American inventors,19th-century Irish people,Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923),John Philip Holland,Disease-related deaths in New Jersey,1841 births,Submarine pioneers,Irish-American history,Naval architects,1914 deaths

paragraph: John Philip Holland

paragraph: John Philip Holland () (24 February 184112 August 1914) was an Irish engineer who developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the US Navy, and the first Royal Navy submarine, "Holland 1".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Holland, the second of four siblings, all boys, was born in a coastguard cottage in Liscannor, County Clare, Ireland where his father, John, Sr., was a member of the coastguard service. His mother, a native Irish speaker from Liscannor, Máire Ní Scannláin (aka Mary Scanlon), was John Holland's second wife, his first, Anne Foley Holland, believed to be a native of Kilkee, died in 1835. The area was heavily Irish-speaking and Holland learned English properly only when he attended the local English-speaking St Macreehy's National School, and from 1858, Irish Christian Brothers school in Ennistymon.

paragraph: Holland joined the Irish Christian Brothers in Limerick and taught in Limerick (CBS Sexton Street) and many other centres in the country including North Monastery CBS in Cork City, St. Mary's CBS, Portlaoise, St Joseph's CBS (Drogheda) and as the first Mathematics teacher in Colaiste Ris (also Dundalk). Due to ill health, he left the Christian Brothers in 1873. Holland emigrated to the United States in 1873. Initially working for an engineering firm, he returned to teaching again for a further six years in St. John's Catholic school in Paterson, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Development of submarine designs.

paragraph: While a teacher in Cork, Holland read an account of the battle between the ironclads Monitor and Merrimack during the American Civil War. He realised that the best way to attack such ships would be through an attack beneath the waterline. He drew a design, but when he attempted to obtain funding, he was turned away. After his arrival in the United States, Holland slipped and fell on an icy Boston street and broke a leg. While recuperating from the injury in a hospital, he used his time to refine his submarine designs and was encouraged by Isaac Whelan, a priest.

paragraph: In 1875, his first submarine designs were submitted for consideration by the US Navy, but turned down as unworkable. The Fenians (Irish revolutionaries), however, continued to fund Holland's research and development expenses at a level that allowed him to resign from his teaching post. In 1878 he demonstrated the Holland I prototype. In 1881, "Fenian Ram" was launched, but soon after, Holland and the Fenians parted company on bad terms over the issue of payment within the Fenian organisation, and between the Fenians and Holland. The submarine is now preserved at Paterson Museum, New Jersey.

paragraph: Holland continued to improve his designs and worked on several experimental boats, prior to his successful efforts with a privately built type, launched on 17 May 1897. This was the first submarine having power to run submerged for any considerable distance, and the first to combine electric motors for submerged travel and gasoline engines for use on the surface. She was purchased by the US Navy, on 11 April 1900, after rigorous tests and was commissioned on 12 October 1900 as USS "Holland". Six more of her type were ordered and built at the Crescent Shipyard in Elizabeth, New Jersey. The company that emerged from under these developments was called The Electric Boat Company, founded on 7 February 1899. Isaac Leopold Rice became the company's first President with Elihu B. Frost acting as vice-president and chief financial officer. This company eventually evolved into the major defence contractor General Dynamics.

paragraph: The USS "Holland" design was also adopted by others, including the Royal Navy in developing the . The first five submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy used a modified version of the basic design, although these boats were at least 10 feet longer at about 63 feet. These submarines were also developed at the Fore River Ship and Engine Company in Quincy, Massachusetts. Holland also designed the "Holland II" and "Holland III" prototypes. The Royal Navy 'Holland 1' is on display at the Submarine Museum, Gosport, England.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: After spending 56 of his 73 years working with submersibles, John Philip Holland died on 12 August 1914 in Newark, New Jersey. He is interred at the Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Totowa, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Memorial.

paragraph: A monument stands at the gates of Scholars Townhouse Hotel, Drogheda (the former building of the Christian Brothers school where Holland taught) in commemoration of his work. It was unveiled in a ceremony on 14 June 2014 as part of the Irish Maritime Festival. The ceremony was attended by Drogheda Town Council as well as representatives of the US, British and Japanese governments. St. John's Catholic School, where Mr. Holland once taught, has been renamed and operates as John P. Holland Charter School in Paterson, New Jersey.

paragraph: Section::::Submarines designed by John P. Holland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holland I" – A small unarmed submersible. Now on display at the Paterson Museum.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holland II" (named "Fenian Ram") – Built for Irish revolutionaries; now on display at the Paterson Museum.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holland III" – Scaled down version of "Fenian Ram" used for navigation tests.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holland IV" (known as the "Zalinski Boat") – experimental submarine financed by US Army Lieutenant Edmund Zalinski.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holland V" (named "Plunger") – Prototype used to demonstrate potential of submarines for naval warfare. Launched in 1897 and used as an experimental submarine by the US Navy. Returned to the Holland Company in 1903 and scrapped in 1917.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holland VI" – First modern submarine in the United States Navy. Launched in 1897. Acquired by US Navy in 1900 and commissioned in 1900 as USS "Holland" (SS-1). Decommissioned in 1905.

paragraph: BULLET::::- HMS "Holland 1" – First modern submarine in the Royal Navy.

paragraph: Section::::Patents.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Screw Propeller

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hydrocarbon Engine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submergible

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Gun

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steering Apparatus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submerigible Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Visual Indicator

paragraph: BULLET::::- Auto Dive Mechanism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Auto Ballast

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firing Valve

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Gun

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: BULLET::::- Submarine Boat

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peral Submarine Spanish submarine of 1888

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gymnote French submarine

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Philip Holland, "Encyclopedia of World Biography", 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 86 under General Dynamics/Electric Boat Corporation, July 2007, St. James Press/Thomposon Gale Group, pp. 136–139

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Defender, The Story of General Dynamics", by Roger Franklin. Published by Harper & Row 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Submarine in War and Peace" by Simon Lake (1918), J.P. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA, pp 113–118

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photos of John Holland's Submarine #1 and the Fenian Ram at the Paterson Museum, williammaloney.com. Retrieved 20 September 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gary McCue, "John Philip Holland (1841–1914) And His Submarines", geocities.com

description: Irish engineer

wikidata_label: John Philip Holland

wikipedia_title: John Philip Holland


text:
Azuchi–Momoyama period
byōbu
Pine Trees
National Treasures
Chishaku-in
Nanao
Noto Province
Ishikawa Prefecture
Buddhist
Noto
Kyoto
Kanō school
castle
Song
Yuan
Muromachi period
Sesshū Tōyō
Daitoku-ji
Kyoto
Kyoto
Sumie
Sesshū Tōyō
Unkoku Togan
national treasure of Japan
Hasegawa school
Sen no Rikyū
Kanō Eitoku
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
atelier
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Kyoto
Edo
shōgun
Tokugawa Ieyasu

wikipedia_title: List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings)

categories: 1610 deaths,1539 births,Japanese painters

paragraph: Hasegawa Tōhaku

paragraph: He is considered one of the great painters of the Azuchi–Momoyama period (1573-1603), and he is best known for his "byōbu" folding screens, such as "Pine Trees" and "Pine Tree and Flowering Plants" (both registered National Treasures), or the paintings in walls and sliding doors at Chishaku-in, attributed to him and his son (also National Treasures).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Hasegawa Tōhaku, born "Okumura Tōhaku" (奥村 等伯) in 1539 in Nanao, a town in Noto Province (in the vicinity of present-day Ishikawa Prefecture) to a noted local family of cloth dyers, although evidence shows that Tōhaku's original family name was Okumura and that he was adopted into the Hasegawa family.

paragraph: Tōhaku started his artistic career as a painter of Buddhist paintings in his home province of Noto. By the age of 20 Tōhaku was a professional painter, and by his thirties he had moved to Kyoto to study under the prestigious Kanō school, then headed by Kanō Shōei. The Kanō school was well known at the time for their large bold paintings that decorated the castle walls of many a wealthy warlord patron. These were often ink on white paper or gold-leaf decorative wall panels that served a dual purpose of reflecting light around the dim castle rooms as well as flaunting the castle owner's abundant wealth to commission such extravagant pieces. Many of Tōhaku's earlier works are in the style of the Kanō school, such as his "Maple, Chishaku-in" painted in 1593.

paragraph: At the same time he also studied the older Song, Yuan and Muromachi periods' styles of ink painting by examining scrolls from Mu Qi and Sesshū Tōyō, which he is believed to have gained access to in his time at the Daitoku-ji temple in Kyoto. After a period of time in Kyoto, Tōhaku developed his own style of Sumie which in many ways departed from the bold techniques indicative of the Kanō school, and called back to the minimalism of its predecessors. The works of Sesshū Tōyō in particular influenced Tōhaku's redirection of artistic style as Tōhaku also studied under Sesshū's successor, Toshun for some time. Tōhaku was in fact so much enamored with the techniques of Sesshū that he attempted to claim rights as his fifth successor, though he lost in a court battle to Unkoku Togan. Still, the influence of Sesshū is evident in many of Tōhaku's mid to late works, such as his , which were declared a national treasure of Japan are argued to be the first paintings of their scale to depict only pine trees as subject matter.

paragraph: The school founded by Hasegawa Tōhaku is known today as the Hasegawa school. This school was small, consisting mostly of Tōhaku and his sons. However small, its members conserved Tōhaku's quiet and reserved aesthetic, which many attribute to the influence of Sesshū as well as his contemporary and friend, Sen no Rikyū. It is suspected that these simple aesthetics protest the usage of intimidation and wealth rampant in the Kanō school.

paragraph: Tōhaku's most noted contemporary was Kanō Eitoku who often competed with Tōhaku for the patronage of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. After Eitoku's death in 1590, Tōhaku stood alone as the greatest living master of his time. He became the official painter for Hideyoshi, and produced some of his greatest and most elegant paintings under his patronage. He and his atelier produced the wall and screen paintings in Shoun-ji (temple), commissioned by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1593. The paintings were moved to Chishaku-in (temple), Kyoto and have survived. At the age of 67, Tōhaku was summoned to Edo and granted the priestly title of "hōgen" by the "shōgun" Tokugawa Ieyasu. There he stayed for the remainder of his life.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hasegawa Tohaku Retrospective, Tokyo National Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Momoyama, Japanese Art in the Age of Grandeur, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Hasegawa Tōhaku

alias:
Tōhaku
Nobuharu
Tōhaku Hasegawa
Hasegawa Nobuharu
Hasegawa Matashirō
Hasegawa Tatewaki
Hasegawa Tohaku
Hasegawa Touhaku

description: Japanese painter

wikidata_label: Hasegawa Tōhaku

wikipedia_title: Hasegawa Tōhaku


text:
Nottingham
London, England
effigy
Elizabeth II
United Kingdom
Nottingham
Nottingham School of Art
Royal College of Art
Royal Academy
medal
stone
bronze
Ernest Gillick
1953 Coronation Honours
Cecil Thomas
British commemorative stamps

wikipedia_title: Nottingham Trent University, School of Art and Design

wikipedia_title: List of United Kingdom commemorative stamps

categories: Women graphic designers,Alumni of Nottingham School of Art,Coin designers,20th-century women artists,Artists from Nottingham,1881 births,Officers of the Order of the British Empire,Alumni of the Royal College of Art,20th-century British sculptors,British currency designers,1961 deaths

paragraph: Mary Gillick

paragraph: Mary Gaskell Gillick (1881 Nottingham – 27 January 1965 London, England) was a sculptor best known for her effigy of Elizabeth II used on coinage in the United Kingdom and elsewhere from 1953 to 1970.

paragraph: Born Mary Tutin in Nottingham, she was educated at the Nottingham School of Art and at the Royal College of Art from 1902 to 1904. After making her first exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1911, she designed several medals to be used as awards, and several other, larger relief sculptures in stone and bronze.

paragraph: Mary Gillick was married (1905) to another noteworthy sculptor, Ernest Gillick, who is believed to have influenced her work.

paragraph: She was appointed OBE in the 1953 Coronation Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Effigy of Elizabeth II.

paragraph: In 1952, Gillick's effigy design was selected from a field of seventeen to be used on general-circulation coinage for the new Queen Elizabeth, first issued in 1953. Gillick's design was notable for portraying the Queen uncrowned, and was the last to be used on the pre-decimal coinage.

paragraph: Gillick's die master had insufficient relief, and the striking was too weak. Facial features and the dress folds in the shoulder disappeared. The problem was solved by re-cutting the dies. This remastering was performed by Cecil Thomas, an experienced medallist who had already crafted overseas currencies featuring Elizabeth II, but who had initially been turned down for the British coinage in preference to Gillick.

paragraph: A cameo of Gillick's effigy of the Queen has been used on British commemorative stamps since 1966. The original effigy is also still used for Maundy money.

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Mary Gillick

wikipedia_title: Mary Gillick


text:
American football
running back
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
National Football League
college football
USC
McKinney North High School
McKinney, Texas
high school football
Rivals.com
University of Southern California
college football
Steve Sarkisian
Clay Helton
2018 NFL Draft
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2018 NFL Draft
Chicago Bears
Cleveland Browns
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio
USC Trojans bio

categories: Sportspeople from the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex,Tampa Bay Buccaneers players,1997 births,Players of American football from Texas,People from McKinney, Texas,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Ronald Jones (running back)

paragraph: Ronald Jones II (born August 3, 1997) is an American football running back for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at USC.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Jones attended McKinney North High School in McKinney, Texas. He played tailback for the Bulldogs high school football team. Jones was rated by Rivals.com as a four-star recruit and was ranked as the second best Tailback in his class and 40th best player overall. He committed to the University of Southern California (USC) to play college football.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Jones played college football at USC under head coaches Steve Sarkisian and Clay Helton. As a freshman in 2015, Jones played 14 games with 987 rushing yards, 39 receiving yards, and 9 total touchdowns. As a sophomore in 2016, Jones played 13 games with 1,082 rushing yards, 79 receiving yards, and 13 total touchdowns. As a junior in 2017, Jones played 13 games with 1,550 rushing yards, 165 receiving yards, and 20 total touchdowns. After his junior year, Jones decided to forgo his senior year and enter the 2018 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::College career.:Statistics.

paragraph: "Source":

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Jones was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the second round (38th overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft. He was the fifth running back to be selected that year. He made his NFL debut in Week 4 against the Chicago Bears. In the 48–10 loss, he had ten carries for 29 rushing yards. During Week 7, against the Cleveland Browns, he scored his first NFL rushing touchdown as the Buccaneers won in overtime by a score of 26-23. He finished the 2018 season with 23 carries for 44 yards and one rushing touchdown.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- USC Trojans bio

description: American-football player (1997-)

wikidata_label: Ronald Jones II

wikipedia_title: Ronald Jones (running back)


text:
American football
defensive tackle
college football
University of Alabama
2011
2012 national championship teams
2013 NFL Draft
injured reserve list
Super Bowl
ring
2013 team
Thursday Island, Queensland
Indigenous Australian
Brisbane
Norman Park State School
Cavendish Road State High School
quarterback
University of Hawaii
Hawaii Warriors football
Arizona Western College
New Zealand
University of Alabama
Nick Saban
Alabama Crimson Tide football
defensive end
tackles
quarterback sack
bench press
Chuck Bednarik Award
Lombardi Award
Bronko Nagurski Trophy
Outland Trophy
nose guard
Michigan Wolverines
concussion
WKU
Arkansas
fullback
Eddie Lacy
NFL Scouting Combine
Justin Ernest
2013 NFL Draft
Seattle Seahawks
injured reserve list
2013 season
Orthokine
Super Bowl XLVIII
injured reserve list
2014 season
waived
papillary Type 2 cancer
Alabama Crimson Tide bio
Seattle Seahawks profile
ESPN stats

categories: Seattle Seahawks players,Alabama Crimson Tide football players,Australian players of American football,American football defensive tackles,Indigenous Australian sportspeople,Sportspeople from Brisbane,1990 births,Torres Strait Islanders,Arizona Western Matadors football players,Living people

paragraph: Jesse Williams (American football)

paragraph: Jesse Williams (born November 2, 1990), nicknamed "Tha Monstar", is an Australian former American football defensive tackle. Williams played college football for the University of Alabama, where he was a starter on the defensive line for the 2011 and 2012 national championship teams. The Seahawks chose him in the fifth round of the 2013 NFL Draft. Although he spent the majority of his pro career on the injured reserve list, Williams became the first Australian to win a Super Bowl ring as a member of Seattle's 2013 team.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Williams was born on Thursday Island, Queensland, to Indigenous Australian parents, and raised in Brisbane, attending Norman Park State School and Cavendish Road State High School. He grew up playing rugby league and basketball and did not start playing gridiron football until he was 14 years old. He first played football with the Bayside Ravens after he attended one of their practices to watch a friend play quarterback. In his first year as a player, Williams was named Rookie of the Year and made the Queensland Under 19 team that would go on to win Australian National Championships. For his efforts in the 2008 season, he was named Defensive Player of the Year with the Ravens.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Williams was originally recruited by University of Hawaii coaches and offered a scholarship to play for the Hawaii Warriors football team after a Warriors scout saw him play during the Australian National Championships. He verbally committed to play for Hawaii when he was 16 years old; however, the NCAA clearing house said he was missing a mathematics and an English class and would not be able to enroll for the 2009 season. Williams later chose to enroll at Arizona Western College, after coaches saw him play in an exhibition against New Zealand while they were teaching at a football clinic. At the time, Williams was the first Indigenous Australian to receive a scholarship to play college football in the United States. At Western, Williams developed into one of the highest rated recruits out of junior college for the 2011 class. After receiving scholarship offers to play from over 25 schools, Williams enrolled in the University of Alabama for the spring 2011 semester, and began practice with coach Nick Saban's Alabama Crimson Tide football team.

paragraph: Williams started all 13 games of the 2011 season with the Crimson Tide at defensive end, and he made 24 total tackles and half of a quarterback sack during the course of the year. During the offseason, Williams gained a degree of internet fame when images of him bench pressing were posted to his Twitter account.

paragraph: Prior to the start of the 2012 season, Williams was named to the preseason award watch lists for the Chuck Bednarik Award, the Lombardi Award, the Bronko Nagurski Trophy and the Outland Trophy. He was also named to the ESPN.com Preseason All-America Team at nose tackle.

paragraph: For the 2012 regular season, Williams was a starter for Alabama as the nose guard in 13 of the 14 games, and he made 37 total tackles, one quarterback sack and blocked a kick during the course of the year. In their 41–14 victory over the Michigan Wolverines to open the 2012 season, Williams suffered a concussion that kept him out of Alabama's week two matchup against WKU. He returned to the starting line-up for their week three game against Arkansas. In their 52–0 victory over the Razorbacks, Williams also played on offence for the first time in his Crimson Tide career when he lined up at the fullback position late in the second quarter on a one-yard Eddie Lacy touchdown run. In the SEC Championship game against Georgia he blocked for an Eddie Lacy touchdown run on the first play of the fourth quarter after sitting out the third quarter with a knee injury. After the season, the AP named Williams to the AP All-SEC Second Team.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2013 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Prior to the NFL Scouting Combine, Williams, who reportedly bench-pressed a maximum of , vowed to break the 225-pound bench press record of 51 repetitions, established by Justin Ernest in 1999. However, he eventually came well short, recording 30 reps. Predicted to be selected as high as late in the first round, Williams was taken in the fifth round of the 2013 NFL Draft with the 137th overall selection by the Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Williams signed his initial rookie contract with Seattle on May 10, 2013. On August 26, 2013, Williams was placed on the injured reserve list for the 2013 season as the result of a knee injury that sidelined him for the entirety of his rookie season with Seattle. Through Week 16 of the regular season, Williams rehabbed his knee in his native Australia where he used Orthokine to help with joint pain associated with his knee injury. Although he did not play a down during the season due to his injury, Williams became the first Australian to win a Super Bowl ring after Seattle's victory in Super Bowl XLVIII.

paragraph: On August 1, 2014, Williams was again placed on the injured reserve list for the 2014 season once again as the result of a knee injury. After not playing during the regular season for a second consecutive year due to injury, the Seahawks waived Williams on March 6, 2015. On March 16, 2015, Williams did an interview with "The Courier-Mail" in Brisbane, Australia. Williams said that he'd agreed to a new deal with the team and would return to Seattle in a couple of weeks.

paragraph: On March 9, 2016, Williams was waived by the Seahawks.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In May 2015, Williams was diagnosed with papillary Type 2 cancer and had to undergo kidney surgery. In a statement through the Seahawks, Williams said, "Although disappointing, I am a fighter and will handle this. I am going to focus on my health and fighting this battle with a return to football as my ultimate goal".

paragraph: After football, Williams became a strength & conditioning coach.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alabama Crimson Tide bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seattle Seahawks profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- ESPN stats

description: Australian defensive tackle

wikidata_label: Jesse Williams

wikipedia_title: Jesse Williams (American football)


text: American football

text: fullback

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: National Football League

text: undrafted free agent

text: college football

text: North Texas

text: Long Beach Poly High School

text: De La Salle High School

text: St. Ignatius College Preparatory

text: El Camino College

text: tight end

text: receptions

text: touchdown

text: University of North Texas

text: H-back

text: wide receiver

text: 2012 NFL Draft

text: rookie

text: mini-camp

text: undrafted free agent

text: waived

text: Phillip Tanner

text: practice squad

text: Oakland Raiders

text: running back

text: Darren McFadden

text: Mike Goodson

text: season

text: special teams

text: tackles

text: next year

text: Buffalo Bills

text: 2015 season

text: Derek Carr

text: Azteca Stadium

text: fifth-round pick

text: Oakland Raiders bio

categories: Players of American football from California,Dallas Cowboys players,American football running backs,Oakland Raiders players,1989 births,North Texas Mean Green football players,El Camino Warriors football players,Sportspeople from Long Beach, California,Living people

paragraph: Jamize Olawale

paragraph: Jamize Robert Olawale (born April 17, 1989) is an American football fullback for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He played college football at North Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Olawale attended three high schools: Long Beach Poly High School, De La Salle High School, and St. Ignatius College Preparatory.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Olawale played two seasons at El Camino College as a tight end, recording 15 receptions for 338 yards and three touchdowns.

paragraph: As a junior, he transferred to the University of North Texas, where he was switched to H-back, recording seven receptions for 79 yards. In his senior season, he was moved to wide receiver, appearing in eight games and recording two receptions for nine yards.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: After not being selected in the 2012 NFL Draft, Olawale received a tryout invitation for rookie mini-camp where he was converted from wide receiver to full back, and performed well enough to be signed as an undrafted free agent on May 14.

paragraph: Although he enjoyed a successful preseason, he was waived on August 31, after the team decided to keep Phillip Tanner. Olawale was then signed to the team's practice squad.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.

paragraph: On December 4, 2012, the Oakland Raiders hampered by injuries to running backs Darren McFadden and Mike Goodson, signed Olawale from the Dallas Cowboys practice squad. He appeared in three games during the season as a fullback.

paragraph: Olawale became a core special teams player. In 2013, he recorded eight special teams tackles (third on the team). In addition, he had seven receptions for 63 yards in the 2013 season. The next year, he led the team with 14 special teams tackles. On December 21, 2014, he scored his first professional touchdown against the Buffalo Bills. In the next game, he had another receiving touchdown, this time against the Denver Broncos. He finished the 2014 season with five receptions for 18 yards and two touchdowns.

paragraph: On December 8, 2015, he was signed to a three-year contract extension. On November 8, against the Pittsburgh Steelers, he had a 19-yard rushing touchdown. He finished the 2015 season with 10 special teams tackles, which led the team. He finished the 2015 season with 24 carries for 110 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown to go along with nine receptions for 84 yards. On November 21, 2016, against the Houston Texans, he had a 75-yard receiving touchdown from quarterback Derek Carr in the 27–20 victory at Azteca Stadium. Overall, he finished the 2016 season with 17 carries for 47 rushing yards to go along with 12 receptions for 227 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown. His production dipped in the 2017 season but he still recorded nine rushes for 43 yards and a rushing touchdown to go along with six receptions for 33 receiving yards.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys (second stint).

paragraph: On March 18, the Raiders traded Olawale and a 2018 sixth-round pick to the Dallas Cowboys for a fifth-round pick.

paragraph: On March 13, 2019, Olawale signed a three-year, $5.4 million contract extension with the Cowboys.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oakland Raiders bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raiders' Jamize Olawale has special role with team

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Jamize Olawale

wikipedia_title: Jamize Olawale


text: Dumbarton

text: Scotland

text: national service

text: Bellahouston Academy

text: Glasgow

text: Glasgow University

text: Take the High Road

text: New York

text: Glasgow School of Art

text: Traverse Theatre

text: Bedlam Theatre

text: BBC

text: The Omega Factor

text: Scottish Television

text: Take the High Road

text: John Tydeman

text: Glasgow

text: New York City

text: Scottish National Portrait Gallery

text: "Sing the City"

text: Most Popular People Born in Dumbarton

categories: 2013 deaths,Scottish male television actors,Academics of the University of Glasgow,Scottish male voice actors,20th-century Scottish male actors,Scottish male stage actors,1930 births,People from Dumbarton

paragraph: Robert Trotter

paragraph: Robert Trotter (7 March 1930 – 12 August 2013) was a Scottish actor, director, and photographer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Robert Trotter was born in Dumbarton, Scotland, on 7 March 1930. After completing national service in the 1950s, he became an English teacher at Bellahouston Academy in Glasgow. Following his departure from the academy, he was a lecturer in drama at Glasgow University from 1964 to 1971.

paragraph: Trotter played an active role in the Scottish arts in the 1960s, working on stage, radio, and television. His work reached a worldwide audience when he joined the cast of the long-running TV drama "Take the High Road" in 1982.

paragraph: In the 1990s, he started to pursue his lifelong interest in photography. In 2001, he published a collection of photographs from Glasgow and New York called "Sing the City". The archive at Glasgow School of Art contains 300 of his photos, where they are currently on display to the public.

paragraph: Section::::Theatre.

paragraph: Royal Court Theatre Upstairs, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Bright Scene Fading " - Tom Gallacher

paragraph: King's Head Theatre Club, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Recital" - Tom Gallacher

paragraph: Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Gay Gorbals " - Hector MacMillan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Every Good Boy Deserves Favour" - Tom Stoppard

paragraph: Pitlochry Festival Theatre

paragraph: BULLET::::- " A Midsummer Night's Dream " - Shakespeare

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hobson's Choice "- Harold Brighouse

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Babes in the Wood " - James Bridie

paragraph: Dundee Repertory Company

paragraph: BULLET::::- " The Deep Blue Sea" - Rattigan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Winslow Boy " - Rattigan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Getting On" - Alan Bennett

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Travesties " - Tom Stoppard

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Delicate Balance" - Edward Albee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wise Child " - Simon Gray

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Have Been Here Before" - J. B. Priestley

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Boy Friend" - Sandy Wilson

paragraph: Perth Repertory Theatre

paragraph: BULLET::::- " What Every Woman Knows" - J. M. Barrie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Odd Couple " - Neil Simon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Government Inspector " - Gogol

paragraph: BULLET::::- "She Stoops to Conquer " - Goldsmith

paragraph: Bedlam Theatre

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Jungle Book " - Kipling / Stephen MacDonald

paragraph: Theatremakers,Stirling

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Waiting for Godot" - Samuel Beckett

paragraph: Stage Company (Scotland)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fall of Kelvin Walker " - Alasdair Gray

paragraph: Arts Theatre, Glasgow University - 1965–1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Restoration of Arnold McMillan" - David Storey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Changeling " - Middleton & Rowley

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Forrigan Reel " - James Bridie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man of Mode " - Etherege

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Entertainer " - Osborne

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Entertaining Mr Sloane " - Orton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cocktail Party " - Eliot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Shadow of a Gunman " - O'Casey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Play with a Tiger " - Doris Lessing

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Uncle Vanya " - Chekhov

paragraph: Selected plays directed

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Theatre Company - "The Man of the World" - (Macklin)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pitlochry Festival Theatre - "Translations" - (Brian Friel), "Deadline" - (David Huthison)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dundee Repertory Theatre - "Gigi" - (Colette/Loos), "Too true to be Good" - (Shaw), "The Father" - (Strindberg), "Last of the Red Hot Lovers" - (Neil Simon), "Sleuth" - (Schaffer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tron Theatre, Glasgow - "Josef and Maria" - (Peter Turrini)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arts Theatre, Glasgow University - "Tango"- (Mrozek), "Shelley" - (Ann Jellicoe), "Macbeth" and New Plays by Eric MacDonald and Joan Ure

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clay, Smeddum and Greenden" (BBC) - (dir. Moira Armstrong)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annals of the Parish" (BBC) - (dir. Tom Cotter)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chiel Amang Us" (BBC) - (dir. Tom Cotter & Gordon Menzies)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Haggard Falcon" (BBC) - (dir. Mike Vardy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Omega Factor" (BBC) - (dir. George Gallaccio)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Burgh Life" (BBC) - (dir. Tom Cotter)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Badger by Owl Light" (BBC) - (dir. Bob McIntosh)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fetch" Scottish Television - (dir. Iain Dalgleish)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "City Sugar" (STV) - (dir. Mike Vardy)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take the High Road" (STV) (1982–1995)

paragraph: Section::::Selected radio.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Doctor's Dilemma" - (Shaw) - dir. John Tydeman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Knocker" - (Alan Melville) - dir. John Tydeman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Idiot" - (Doestoevsky) - dir. Kay Patrick

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beautiful Garden" - dir. Jane Morgan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peer Gynt" - (Ibsen) dir. Jane Morgan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "For the Whale" - dir. John Theocharis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nunaga" - dir. John Theocharis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tusitala and Swift Cloud" - dir. Christopher Venning

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hatter's Castle" (Cronin) - dir. Stewart Conn

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They've taken the Swings Away" (Eric MacDonald)- dir. Stewart Conn

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Putting it Right" - (Eric MacDonald) - dir. Stewart Conn

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Annie S. Swan, The People's Friend" - dir. Marilyn Imrie

paragraph: BULLET::::- " The Bride of Lammermoor" - (Scott) - dir. Marilyn Imrie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strathinver" - (Robin Bell) - dir. John Arnott - Winner of Sony Award 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bell in the Tree" - (Story of Glasgow) - dir. Hamish Wilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Horror at Bly" - (as Henry James) - dir. Maurice Leitch

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eden Scenes on Chrystal Jed" - (as Robert Burns) - dir. Alec Reid

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deacon Brodie" - dir. Hamish Wilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Audio Books - Scottish and English Classics published by Schiltron and Canongate Books

paragraph: Section::::Photography.

paragraph: "Sing the City", published in 2001, is a collection of Trotter's photographs. They were taken in Glasgow and New York City between 1995 and 1999 and depict the people of both cities. This publication resulted in an exhibition at the Glasgow School of Art in 2004. and the acquisition of much of his work by them and the Scottish National Photography Collection held within the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Glasgow Scottish Theatre Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sing the City"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most Popular People Born in Dumbarton

description: Scottish Actor and Director

wikidata_label: Robert Trotter

wikipedia_title: Robert Trotter


text:
Broadway
Monte Hellman
Cockfighter
The Goodbye Girl
horror film
Squirm
Delusion
Bell County, Texas
University of Texas at Austin
Bachelor of Fine Arts
New Haven, Connecticut
Broadway
John Golden Theatre
Louisville, Kentucky
Tom Stoppard
The Real Inspector Hound
Bertolt Brecht
The Threepenny Opera
Monte Hellman
Cockfighter
Warren Oates
Harry Dean Stanton
Squirm
Starsky and Hutch
The Rockford Files
The Goodbye Girl

categories: 20th-century American actresses,American television actresses,American film actresses,American stage actresses,1946 births,Living people,Actresses from Texas

paragraph: Patricia Pearcy

paragraph: Patricia Sue Pearcy (born September 10, 1946) is an American film, stage, and television actress. She began her career in theatre, appearing on Broadway and in local theatre companies in Connecticut and Kentucky before making her film debut in Monte Hellman's "Cockfighter" (1974).

paragraph: She would later have supporting parts in "The Goodbye Girl" (1977) and in several television series. She also appeared in several horror films, including "Squirm" (1976) and "Delusion" (1981).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Percy was born in Bell County, Texas, and attended the University of Texas at Austin, where she earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in acting in 1967.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She worked extensively in local theatre in the early 1970s, including at the Long Wharf Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut, where she appeared in productions of "Solitaire/Double Solitaire" (1971), which was later staged on Broadway at the John Golden Theatre. and also appeared in numerous plays at the Actors Theatre in Louisville, Kentucky, including roles in productions of Tom Stoppard's "The Real Inspector Hound" and Bertolt Brecht's "The Threepenny Opera".

paragraph: She made her film debut in Monte Hellman's "Cockfighter" (1974), opposite Warren Oates and Harry Dean Stanton, and then appeared in the creature horror film "Squirm" (1976). She would appear in several television series, including "Starsky and Hutch" and "The Rockford Files", before having a supporting role in "The Goodbye Girl" (1977).

description: actress

wikidata_label: Patricia Pearcy

wikipedia_title: Patricia Pearcy


text: British dance band

text: Al Bowlly

text: Love Is the Sweetest Thing

text: Cherokee

text: The Touch of Your Lips

text: I Hadn't Anyone Till You

text: The Very Thought of You

text: Edgar Bergen

text: Burns and Allen

text: Montpelier

text: Brighton

text: blue plaque

text: Royal Academy of Music

text: Melody Maker

text: HMV

text: Al Bowlly

text: "Goodnight, Sweetheart"

text: Guy Lombardo

text: The City on the Edge of Forever

text: Al Bowlly

text: Bill Harty

text: Glenn Miller

text: Dese Dem Dose

text: Rainbow Room

text: Top Hat

text: Slumming on Park Avenue

text: Mad About the Boy

text: Paris in the Spring

text: Easy to Love

text: "A Damsel in Distress"

text: Fred Astaire

text: Joan Fontaine

text: George Burns

text: Gracie Allen

text: Gracie Allen

text: Buddy Clark

text: The Chase and Sanborn Hour

text: Here We Go Again

text: Lou Gehrig

text: The Pride of the Yankees

text: Gary Cooper

text: Buddy Clark

text: Santa Barbara, California

text: Jersey

text: Manx Radio

text: "Sweet & Swing"

text: Songwriters Hall of Fame

text: Grammy Hall of Fame

text: Billie Holiday

text: Teddy Wilson

text: Midnight, the Stars and You

text: Stanley Kubrick

text: "The Shining"

text: "The Russia House"

text: Sean Connery

text: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

text: accessed 7 July 2007

text: Ray Noble: Biography

categories: RCA Victor artists,British jazz composers,British bandleaders,Big band bandleaders,Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music,20th-century English male actors,1903 births,British jazz bandleaders,People educated at Dulwich College,English male television actors,People from Brighton,British jazz musicians,English male radio actors,English male film actors,1978 deaths

paragraph: Ray Noble

paragraph: Raymond Stanley Noble (17 December 1903 – 3 April 1978) was an English bandleader, composer, arranger, radio comedian, and actor. Noble wrote both lyrics and music for many popular songs during the British dance band era, known as the "Golden Age of British music", notably for his longtime friend and associate Al Bowlly, including "Love Is the Sweetest Thing", "Cherokee", "The Touch of Your Lips", "I Hadn't Anyone Till You", and his signature tune, "The Very Thought of You". Noble also played a radio comedian opposite American ventriloquist Edgar Bergen's stage act of Mortimer Snerd and Charlie McCarthy, and American comedy duo Burns and Allen, later transferring these roles from radio to TV and popular films.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Noble was born at 1 Montpelier Terrace in the Montpelier area of Brighton, England. A blue plaque on the house commemorates him.

paragraph: Noble studied at the Royal Academy of Music and in 1927 won a competition for the best British dance band orchestrator that was advertised in "Melody Maker". In 1929, he became leader of the New Mayfair Dance Orchestra, an HMV Records studio band that featured members of many of the top hotel orchestras of the day. (Noble recorded prolifically during this time and US Victor released many of his HMV recordings.)

paragraph: The most popular vocalist with Noble's studio band was Al Bowlly, who joined in 1930. During this time Noble co-wrote "Turkish Delight", "By the Fireside" and "Goodnight, Sweetheart". The latter song was a number one hit for Guy Lombardo in the United States charts. It was also used (with vocals by Al Bowlly) on the original television series Star Trek episode The City on the Edge of Forever.

paragraph: Section::::Career in the United States.

paragraph: Noble moved to New York City in 1934. The Bowlly/Noble recordings with the British New Mayfair Dance Orchestra on HMV had achieved popularity in the United States and Noble had several number one hits on the US pop singles charts:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love is the Sweetest Thing", 1933, #1 for five weeks;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Old Spinning Wheel", 1934, #1 for three weeks;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Very Thought of You", 1934, #1 for five weeks;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Isle of Capri", 1935, #1 for seven weeks;

paragraph: and with the American band:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paris in the Spring", 1935, #1 for 1 week.

paragraph: Noble took Al Bowlly and his drummer Bill Harty to the US and asked Glenn Miller to recruit American musicians to complete the band. Miller played the trombone in the Ray Noble orchestra which performed Glenn Miller's composition "Dese Dem Dose" as part of the medley "Dese Dem Dose/An Hour Ago This Minute/Solitude" during a performance at the Rainbow Room in 1935. The American Ray Noble band had a successful run at the Rainbow Room in New York City with Bowlly as principal vocalist.

paragraph: Although Noble was no singer, he did appear twice as an upper-class Englishman on two of his more popular New York records, 1935's "Top Hat" and 1937's "Slumming on Park Avenue". Noble was also an arranger who scored many record hits in the 1930s: "Mad About the Boy" (1932), "Paris in the Spring" (1935) and "Easy to Love" (1936),

paragraph: Noble and his orchestra appeared in the 1937 film "A Damsel in Distress" with Fred Astaire, Joan Fontaine, George Burns and Gracie Allen. Noble played a somewhat "dense" character who was in love with Gracie Allen. Al Bowlly returned to England in 1938 but Noble continued to lead bands in America, moving into an acting career portraying a stereotypical upper-class English idiot.

paragraph: Ray Noble played the piano but seldom did so with his orchestra. In a movie short from the 1940s featuring Ray Noble and Buddy Clark (one of his most popular band singers), Ray Noble is asked by the announcer to play one of his most popular hits. He sits down at the piano and plays "Goodnight, Sweetheart".

paragraph: Ray Noble provided music for many radio shows such as "The Chase and Sanborn Hour", "The Charlie McCarthy Show," "Burns and Allen" and "On Stage with Cathy and Elliott Lewis" and also guest-appeared in some of their films. He worked with Bergen for nearly fifteen years, playing the foil to McCarthy and the slow-witted Mortimer Snerd, and his orchestra appeared with Edgar Bergen in the 1942 film "Here We Go Again". He also provided the orchestration for the 1942 Lou Gehrig biopic "The Pride of the Yankees" starring Gary Cooper. Noble's last major successes as a bandleader came with Buddy Clark in the late 1940s.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: The ventriloquist TV show ended in the mid-1950s, and Noble retired to Santa Barbara, California. In the late 1960s Noble relocated to Jersey in the Channel Islands. In March 1978 he flew to London for treatment of cancer, and later died of the disease at a London hospital.

paragraph: Specialist dance band radio stations continue to play his records. Ray Noble has also featured regularly on the Manx Radio programme "Sweet & Swing", presented by Howard Caine.

paragraph: Section::::Posthumous honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1987 Noble was inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1996 Noble was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 2005 "The Very Thought of You", recorded by Ray Noble and His Orchestra on Victor in 1934, received the Grammy Hall of Fame Award

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1938 the Noble composition "You're So Desirable" was recorded by Billie Holiday and Teddy Wilson

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Noble and Bowlly 1934 recording of "Midnight, the Stars and You" was prominently featured on the soundtrack of Stanley Kubrick's 1980 film "The Shining"

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1990 the Noble composition "You're So Desirable" was recorded by Robert Palmer

paragraph: BULLET::::- In the 1990 film, "The Russia House", protagonist "Barley" Blair, played by Sean Connery, is portrayed as having once played in the "great Ray Noble's Band"

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Gammond, "Noble, Raymond Stanley (1903–1978)", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 7 July 2007

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ray Noble: Biography. – Songwriters Hall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wright, John. – Al Bowlly's time with the Ray Noble Orchestra.

description: Bandleader, composer, and arranger; radio comedian, and film actor

wikidata_label: Ray Noble

wikipedia_title: Ray Noble


text: journalist

text: columnist

text: opponent of the Vietnam War

text: Richard Nixon

text: enemies list

text: Roslindale, Boston, Massachusetts

text: Girls' Latin School

text: Emmanuel College

text: The Boston Herald

text: The Washington Star

text: Jane Arden

text: McCarthy hearings

text: Pulitzer Prize for Commentary

text: Watergate scandal

text: The Washington Post

text: Elijah Parish Lovejoy

text: Doctor of Laws

text: Colby College

text: National Press Club

text: Kennedy presidency

text: JFK

text: Daniel Patrick Moynihan

text: president's assassination

text: Robert F. Kennedy

text: presidential campaign

text: Ethel

text: Washington Star

text: George McGovern

text: 1972 presidential campaign

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: The Four Freedoms Award

text: Allen, Henry

text: Wall Street Journal

text: review

text: Washington Post review

text: Columns from the "Washington Post"

categories: American women journalists,American people of Irish descent,Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award,Nixon's Enemies List,The Washington Post people,Washington Star people,Writers from Boston,Women columnists,American columnists,2004 deaths,1918 births,Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award recipients,Pulitzer Prize for Commentary winners

paragraph: Mary McGrory

paragraph: Mary McGrory (August 22, 1918 – April 20, 2004) was an American journalist and columnist. She specialized in American politics, and was noted for her detailed coverage of political maneuverings. She wrote over 8,000 columns, but no books, and made very few media or lecture appearances. She was a fierce opponent of the Vietnam War and was on Richard Nixon's enemies list. One reviewer said:

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She was born in Roslindale, Boston, Massachusetts to Edward and Mary McGrory, a tight-knit Irish Catholic family. Her father was a postal clerk and she shared his love of Latin and writing.

paragraph: She graduated from the Girls' Latin School and Emmanuel College and began her career as a book reviewer at "The Boston Herald".

paragraph: She was hired in 1947 by "The Washington Star" and began her career as a journalist, a path she was inspired to take by reading "Jane Arden" comic strips.

paragraph: She rose to prominence as their reporter covering the McCarthy hearings in 1954, portraying McCarthy as a typical neighborhood Irish bully.

paragraph: McGrory won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary in 1975, for her articles about the Watergate scandal.

paragraph: The day after the "Star" went out of business in 1981, she went to work for "The Washington Post".

paragraph: In 1985, McGrory received the Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award as well as an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Colby College.

paragraph: In 1998, she won the Fourth Estate Award, from the National Press Club.

paragraph: She died in Washington at the age of 85.

paragraph: Section::::Friendship with the Kennedy Family.

paragraph: McGrory wrote extensively about the Kennedy presidency. She and JFK were close in age, both of Irish descent and from Boston. McGrory's exchange with Daniel Patrick Moynihan after the president's assassination was quoted widely: "We will never laugh again," said McGrory. Moynihan, who worked for President Kennedy responded, "Mary, we will laugh again. But we will never be young again."

paragraph: McGrory was assigned by the "Star" to travel with Robert F. Kennedy during his ill-fated 1968 presidential campaign and became close to his wife Ethel at the time.

paragraph: Section::::Urban legend.

paragraph: In a 1983 paperback, Wayne Coffey's "303 of the World's Worst Predictions", McGrory was falsely described as having "predicted" in her "Washington Star" column that George McGovern would win the 1972 presidential campaign "by a landslide". As it turned out, the book's author, rather than McGrory, had written ineptly. McGrory's October 22, 1972, "Star" column had been about McGovern's showing in the state of Michigan, which she felt might be one of the few states McGovern could win. The column began, "Here in Michigan, they have failed to get the word about the Nixon landslide." Nevertheless, readers of Coffey's book were given the impression that the liberal McGrory had made the most erroneous "prediction" in political history.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: 1975: Pulitzer Prize for Commentary

paragraph: 1995: The Four Freedoms Award for Freedom of Speech

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allen, Henry. "Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary: Mary McGrory would conscript senators to mix drinks for copyboys and media stars to pass hors d'oeuvres," "Wall Street Journal" Oct. 9, 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- , a scholarly biography review; Washington Post review

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Columns from the "Washington Post"

description: American journalist and columnist

wikidata_label: Mary McGrory

wikipedia_title: Mary McGrory


text: cardinal of the Catholic Church

text: Archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh

text: Restoration of the Scottish hierarchy

text: Reformation

text: Leith

text: Holy Cross Academy

text: Edinburgh

text: canon

text: St. Joseph's Junior College

text: East Sussex

text: St. John's Seminary

text: Wonersh

text: ordained

text: Andrew McDonald

text: O.S.B.

text: pastoral

text: Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh

text: St. Andrews University

text: Reformation

text: World War II

text: rector

text: St Mary's College, Blairs

text: Aberdeen

text: Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh

text: Pope Pius XII

text: episcopal consecration

text: William Godfrey

text: James Donald Scanlan

text: Edward Wilson Douglas

text: co-consecrators

text: St. Mary's Cathedral

text: St Andrew's College, Drygrange

text: seminary

text: Second Vatican Council

text: interfaith marriages

text: Church of Scotland

text: Pope Paul VI

text: Cardinal Priest

text: S. Chiara a Vigna Clara

text: consistory

text: David Beaton

text: General Assembly

text: Bishops' Conference of Scotland

text: cardinal electors

text: conclaves

text: August

text: October 1978

text: Popes John Paul I

text: John Paul II

text: Louise Brown

text: n vitro fertilisation

text: chaired

text: Heriot-Watt University

text: St. Andrews and Edinburgh

text: Keith O'Brien

text: Edinburgh Royal Infirmary

text: crypt

text: Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

text: Catholic-Hierarchy

categories: 20th-century cardinals,People from Leith,People educated at St Augustine's High School, Edinburgh,Archbishops of St. Andrews and Edinburgh,Scottish archbishops,Post-Reformation Roman Catholic bishops in Scotland,1993 deaths,1910 births,Scottish cardinals,20th-century Scottish people,Alumni of St Mary's University, Twickenham,Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Participants in the Second Vatican Council

paragraph: Gordon Gray (cardinal)

paragraph: Gordon Joseph Gray (10 August 1910 – 19 July 1993) was a Scottish cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh from 1951 to 1985, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1969. He was the first resident Scottish cardinal since the Restoration of the Scottish hierarchy in 1878 and the first since the Reformation.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Gordon Gray was born in Leith to Frank and Angela (née Oddy) Gray. He was the youngest of three children, he had a sister, Josephine, and a brother, George. After he attended Holy Cross Academy in Edinburgh, his uncle John Gray, a canon, suggested that he become a priest. He then studied at St. Joseph's Junior College in East Sussex from 1927 to July 1929, and entered St. John's Seminary in Wonersh in September 1929.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: He was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Andrew McDonald, O.S.B. on 15 June 1935 and did pastoral work in the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh until 1947. Attending St. Andrews University from 1936 to 1939, Gray became the first Catholic priest to graduate there since the Reformation. In 1939 he entered St Mary's University College, Twickenham in London, but his studies were interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. He was later made rector of St Mary's College, Blairs, near Aberdeen in 1947.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopal career.

paragraph: On 20 June 1951, Gray was appointed Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 21 September from Archbishop William Godfrey, with Bishops James Donald Scanlan and Edward Wilson Douglas serving as co-consecrators, in St. Mary's Cathedral.

paragraph: In 1953, Gray founded St Andrew's College, Drygrange, as a new seminary for his archdiocese. From 1962 to 1965, he attended the Second Vatican Council. Beginning in 1964, he discussed interfaith marriages with the Church of Scotland.

paragraph: Pope Paul VI created him Cardinal Priest of S. Chiara a Vigna Clara in the consistory of 28 April 1969, and therefore the first resident cardinal in Scotland since David Beaton, over four centuries earlier. In 1977 Gray became the first cardinal to address the Church of Scotland's General Assembly. He once served as President of the Bishops' Conference of Scotland, and was one of the cardinal electors in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively. In 1978, he voiced strong opinions regarding the birth of Louise Brown, the first child to be successfully born from in vitro fertilisation, saying: "I have grave misgivings about the possible implications and consequences for the future." During John Paul II's 1982 visit to the United Kingdom, he officially welcomed the Pope upon his arrival in Scotland.

paragraph: Gray was considered to be theologically conservative but moderate in his temperament, giving him an "effective international role in the life of the Church." He was a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments and Pontifical Council for Social Communications, and once chaired the International Commission on English in the Liturgy.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Gray received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1981

paragraph: Gray retired as archbishop of the St. Andrews and Edinburgh on 30 May 1985, after thirty-three years of service. He was succeeded by Keith O'Brien.

paragraph: Gray died from a heart ailment in the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary at the age of 82. He is buried in the crypt of St. Mary's Cathedral.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Gordon Gray

wikipedia_title: Gordon Gray (cardinal)


text: Pyongyang

text: Korea

text: Korean

text: aviator

text: China

text: aerobatics

text: American

text: Art Smith

text: March 1st Movement

text: Hangzhou

text: Chinese

text: English

text: Shanghai

text: Republic of China Air Force

text: Yunnan

text: Beijing

text: Nanjing

text: lieutenant colonel

text: World War II

text: Korean independence

text: Republic of Korea Air Force

text: Korean War

text: Ministry of National Defense

text: presidential

text: Order of Merit for National Foundation

text: National Cemetery

text: Dongjak-gu

text: Seoul

text: South Korean

text: Blue Swallow

text: Park Kyung-won

text: An Chang-nam

text: Feng Ru

categories: 1901 births,Korean aviators,Aviation pioneers,Korean expatriates in China,Women in war in China,People from Pyongyang,Female aviators,1988 deaths,Recipients of the Order of Merit for National Foundation,Republic of China Air Force personnel

paragraph: Kwon Ki-ok

paragraph: Kwon Ki-ok (born Pyongyang, Korea, 11 January 1901 – 19 April 1988) was the first Korean female aviator, as well as being the first female pilot in China.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Kwon was born in Pyongyang's Sangsugu Village to Gwon Don-gak and Jang Mun-myeong as the second of two children. She attended Pyongyang's Sunghyeon School, from which she graduated in 1918; she was inspired to learn to fly after seeing a 1917 aerobatics demonstration by American stunt pilot Art Smith. The following year, she participated in the March 1st Movement, for which she spent three weeks in jail; after her release, she assisted with fundraising activities for the Korean Patriotic Women's Association, as a result of which she was arrested and imprisoned for six months. Upon her release, she went into exile in China. Once in China, she enrolled in the Hongdao Women's School in Hangzhou, operated by American missionary Ellen Peterson, in order to learn Chinese and English. She completed a four-year course of study in just two years. In 1923, at the recommendation of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai, she entered the Republic of China Air Force School in Yunnan, graduating in 1925. She was the only woman in the first graduating class. After graduation, she was stationed in Beijing, and then relocated to Nanjing in 1927. By 1940, she had achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel.

paragraph: In 1945, with the end of World War II and the restoration of Korean independence, Kwon repatriated to Korea, where she was instrumental in the founding of the Republic of Korea Air Force. During the Korean War, she served as a member of South Korea's Ministry of National Defense. Following the war, she retired to private life, serving as the vice-president of the Korea-China Cultural Association from 1966 until 1975. She received various recognitions for her service to the country, including a 1968 presidential commendation and the 1977 Order of Merit for National Foundation. She died on 19 April 1988 and was buried in the National Cemetery in Dongjak-gu, Seoul.

paragraph: Section::::Later views.

paragraph: In August 2003, Kwon was selected as "Independence Activist of the Month" by the Ministry of Patriots' and Veterans' Affairs. At the time of the release of the 2005 South Korean film

paragraph: "Blue Swallow", Park Kyung-won was believed to have been Korea's first female aviator; as knowledge that Kwon actually preceded her became more widespread, the distributor was forced to change their marketing campaign.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An Chang-nam

paragraph: BULLET::::- Feng Ru

description: Korean aviator

wikidata_label: Kwon Ki-ok

wikipedia_title: Kwon Ki-ok


text: baseball player

text: pitcher

text: New York Yankees

text: Boston Red Sox

text: Washington Senators

text: earned run average

text: strikeout

text: 1924 World Series

text: World Series

text: inning

text: spitball

text: Baltimore, Maryland

text: Lefty Russell

text: Major League Baseball

categories: Boston Red Sox players,Wilmington Chicks players,Richmond Climbers players,Reading Keystones players,Reading Pretzels players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Newark Bears (IL) players,New York Yankees players,Altoona Rams players,Sportspeople from Baltimore,Baltimore Orioles (IL) players,Baseball players from Maryland,Major League Baseball pitchers,1893 births,1972 deaths,Washington Senators (1901–60) players

paragraph: Allen Russell

paragraph: Allan E. "Rubberarm" Russell (July 31, 1893 – October 20, 1972) was a professional baseball player. He was a right-handed pitcher over parts of 11 seasons (1915–1925) with the New York Yankees, Boston Red Sox and Washington Senators. For his career, he compiled a 71–76 record in 345 appearances, with a 3.52 earned run average and 603 strikeouts. Russell played on the 1924 World Series champion Senators, making one appearance in the World Series, giving up one run over three innings of work.

paragraph: He was a spitball pitcher who was allowed to throw the pitch after it was banned following the 1920 season. He was one of 17 pitchers exempt from the rule change.

paragraph: He was born and later died in Baltimore, Maryland, at the age of 79. His brother Lefty Russell also played Major League Baseball.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders

description: American MLB pitcher

wikidata_label: Allen Russell

wikipedia_title: Allen Russell


text:
Roman Catholic Cardinal
Archbishop of Paris
parochial
Vatican Secretariat of State
Pope John XXIII
Bishop of Angers
Coadjutor Archbishop
titular see
Archbishop of Paris
Pope Paul VI
Cardinal-Priest
San Luigi dei Francesi
leukemia

categories: Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI,Archbishops of Paris,1913 births,1968 deaths,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,French cardinals,Bishops of Angers

paragraph: Pierre Veuillot

paragraph: Pierre Marie Joseph Veuillot (5 January 1913 – 14 February 1968) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Ordained on 26 March 1939 in Paris, Veuillot served as a member of the parochial clergy until 1942, when he went to work in the Vatican Secretariat of State. In 1959 Pope John XXIII appointed him Bishop of Angers. He remained in Angers until 12 June 1961, when he was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Paris with the titular see of "Constantia in Thracia". On 1 December 1966 he became Archbishop of Paris, and on 26 June of the following year Pope Paul VI made him Cardinal-Priest of "San Luigi dei Francesi" as well. He died of leukemia on 14 February 1968 at the age of 55, having been a cardinal for only 6 months.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Pierre Veuillot

wikipedia_title: Pierre Veuillot


text:
University of Edinburgh
American literature
Ahmedabad University
Francis Younghusband
Nobel
V. S. Naipaul
National Book Critics Circle Award
1992 general election
Green Party
Parliament
Free Tibet
Tibet Support Group
India
Francis Younghusband
Somerset Maugham Award
Royal Society of Literature
Mahatma Gandhi
Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Indian Independence movement
India
Philip Ziegler
Khushwant Singh
Sunday Times
Tibet
Dalai Lama
The Independent
Pico Iyer
The Los Angeles Times
The World Is What It Is
Nobel Prize
V. S. Naipaul
New York Review of Books
Ian Buruma
The New York Times Book Review
The World Is What It Is
National Book Critics Circle Award
Samuel Johnson
Hawthornden Prize
Doris Lessing
Penguin Random House
Namita Gokhale
Order of the British Empire
The World Is What It Is

categories: English male non-fiction writers,Living people,1966 births,Tibet freedom activists,21st-century English writers,20th-century English historians,20th-century biographers,English biographers,21st-century biographers,Alumni of the University of Edinburgh

paragraph: Patrick French

paragraph: Patrick French (born 1966) is a British writer, historian and academician. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh where he studied English and American literature, and received a PhD in South Asian Studies. He was appointed as the inaugural Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Ahmedabad University in July 2017.

paragraph: French is the author of several books including: "Younghusband: the Last Great Imperial Adventurer" (1994), a biography of Francis Younghusband; "The World Is What It Is" (2008), an authorised biography of Nobel Laureate V. S. Naipaul which won the National Book Critics Circle Award in the United States of America; and "India: A Portrait" (2011).

paragraph: During the 1992 general election, French was a Green Party candidate for Parliament. He has sat on the executive committee of Free Tibet, a Tibet Support Group UK, and was a founding member of the inter-governmental India-UK Round Table.

paragraph: Section::::Books and awards.

paragraph: At the age of 25, French set off on a trail across Central Asia to retrace the steps of British explorer Francis Younghusband. This resulted in the publication of his first book, "Younghusband: The Last Great Imperial Adventurer" in 1994. The book went on to win both the Somerset Maugham Award and the Royal Society of Literature's W. H. Heinemann Prize.

paragraph: French's next book, "Liberty or Death: India's Journey to Independence and Division" was published in 1997 and earned the author accolades and brickbats in equal parts. Described in the Indian media as presenting a "revisionist view" of Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammad Ali Jinnah's role in the Indian Independence movement, there were a few calls to ban the book in India. On the other hand, Philip Ziegler hailed it as "a remarkable achievement," and Khushwant Singh described the author as "a first rate historian and storyteller." The book sold heavily due to the controversy and French was awarded the Sunday Times Young Author of the Year award for the book.

paragraph: Published in 2003, "Tibet, Tibet: A Personal History of a Lost Land" was French’s third book. According to the author’s own accounts, his interest in Tibet was triggered by a meeting he had with the Dalai Lama when he was 16. The book though emerged from "a gradual nervousness that the western idea of Tibet, particularly the views of Tibet campaigners, was becoming too detached from the reality of what Tibet was like. So I did a long journey through Tibet in 1999." "The Independent" described the book as "intelligent as well as passionate in its approach." Pico Iyer in "The Los Angeles Times" book review described French as a "scrupulous and disciplined writer" who "has a decided gift for inspired and heartfelt research and a knack for coming upon overlooked details that are worth several volumes of analysis."

paragraph: "The World Is What It Is", an authorised biography of Nobel Prize–winning author V. S. Naipaul was published in 2008. In the "New York Review of Books", Ian Buruma described French as the inventor of a new genre, "the confessional biography." The book was selected by the editors of "The New York Times Book Review" as one of the "10 Best books of 2008." In 2008, "The World Is What It Is" was awarded the National Book Critics Circle Award in America, and was also short listed for the Samuel Johnson Prize. French was also awarded the Hawthornden Prize in 2009 for the book.

paragraph: In 2011, Patrick released his book "India: A Portrait", billed as "an intimate biography of 1.2 billion people". The book is a narrative of the social and economic revolutions that are transforming India. As part of the book release, he also started an India focused website called The India Site.

paragraph: Patrick is currently working on the authorised biography of Nobel Laureate Doris Lessing.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He is married to Meru Gokhale, currently the Editor in Chief at Penguin Random House India, and the daughter of author and publisher Namita Gokhale. He was married once before.

paragraph: Section::::Views.

paragraph: In 2003, French was offered and declined the Order of the British Empire (OBE).

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Younghusband: The Last Great Imperial Adventurer" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Liberty or Death: India’s Journey to Independence and Division" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tibet, Tibet: A Personal History of a Lost Land" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The World Is What It Is" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "India: A Portrait" (2011)

description: British historian

wikidata_label: Patrick French

wikipedia_title: Patrick French