text:
Salvador
Bahia
Brazil
Novos Baianos
Waldir Azevedo
Jacob do Bandolim
Pixinguinha
Canhoto da Paraíba
upright bass
Gilberto Gil
Caetano Veloso
Smash Hits
Jimi Hendrix
Novos Baianos
Moraes Moreira
Paulinho Boca de Cantor
Luiz Galvão
Baby Consuelo
samba
frevo
choro
maracatu
bandolim
Lanny Gordin
Montreux Jazz Festival
Paulinho da Costa
Airto Moreira
John Robinson
Rock In Rio
John Sykes
Whitesnake
Waldir Azevedo
Jacob do Bandolim
jazz
heavy metal
Megadeth
Living Color
Mulheres de Areia
TV Globo
Armandinho
Robertinho de Recife
CBS
Elektra
WEA
Elektra
WEA
WEA
WEA
CBS
WEA
WEA
WEA
WEA
Warner Music
Natasha
Trama
Som Livre
RGE
Som Livre
Continental
Continental
Som Livre
Tapecar
Tapecar
CBS
Globo
Polydor
PSICOBR
Official website

categories: 1952 births,Male guitarists,Brazilian singer-songwriters,Brazilian guitarists,Living people,People from Salvador, Bahia

paragraph: Pepeu Gomes

paragraph: Pedro Anibal de Oliveira Gomes, better known as Pepeu Gomes (born February 7, 1952 in Salvador, Bahia state) is an accomplished Brazilian guitar player, multi-instrumentalist and composer. He was one of the members of Novos Baianos.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Pepeu Gomes was born February 7, 1952 and had contact with music from an early age because his father played in a dance orchestra and his mother taught piano lessons. Growing up he was influenced by the music of Waldir Azevedo, Jacob do Bandolim, Pixinguinha, and Canhoto da Paraíba. At nine years of age he invented his first instrument, a broom with a cable (that was usually used for street fighting) with the string tied at the ends. Later, he obtained a classical guitar and he learned to play by ear. At 11 years old, Gomes, interested in the style of Jovem Guarda, formed his first band, "Los Gatos" ("The Cats"), in which he played the upright bass. He formed his first professional band at 17 years old named "Os Minos". The group disbanded due to the difficulty of having members that were all minors in age. Gomes became a member of the band, Leif's, where he played guitar and appeared on local television programs. While playing in Leif's, Gilberto Gil assisted in the television appearances and invited Gomes to partake in the concert marking his exile from Brazil which was also held with Caetano Veloso in Salavador (Gil and Veloso would seek political refuge in London). Before leaving, Gil gave Gomes the album Smash Hits by Jimi Hendrix who Gomes had not yet heard of. Hendrix would be the most influential artist on Gomes over the course of his career. In the 1970s Gomes formed the band Novos Baianos with Moraes Moreira, Paulinho Boca de Cantor, Luiz Galvão, and Baby Consuelo where he played guitar, wrote and arranged songs with Moreira.

paragraph: After recording the first album of Novos Baianos, Gomes deeply studied the rhythms of many kinds of Brazilian music including samba, frevo, choro, and maracatu; he also learned to play bandolim. In 1971 alongside his work in the Novos Baianos, Gomes substituted for Lanny Gordin on the "Fa-Tal" tour by Gal Costa, which resulted in the release of a double album of the same name where Gomes plays on most of the tracks. Gomes began his solo career in 1978 recording his first solo album "Geração do Som". During this phase, he played with Gilberto Gil in the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland which also recorded on the album "Gil ao Vivo em Montreux". In 1979, Gomez released his second album, "Na Terra a Mais de Mil", marking his debut as a singer. The album sold many copies and contained the hit, "Meu Coração". In 1980, he followed his praised performance from 1978 and returned to the Montreux Jazz Festival for an individual performance. This performance was recorded and released as an album under the name, "Pepeu Gomes Ao Vivo". In the same year he released the song "O Mal é o Que Sai Pela Boca do Homem" which also featured Baby Consuelo and Galvão. This song generated substantial controversy due to the verse "Você pode fumar baseado". Gomes released his album titled, "Pepeu Gomes", in 1981 which earned him his first gold album, and praise for his execution of the track, "Eu também quero beijar". He followed this album with "Um Raio Laser" in 1982. He began recording in the United States with his 1982 album "Masculino e Feminino". Recording in the U.S. introduced him to the composer Ronnie Foster and musicians such as Paulinho da Costa, Jerry Hey, Garry Grant, Airto Moreira, and John Robinson. In 1985, Gomes released the album "Energia Positiva" and was invited to participate in Rock In Rio. Even though he was met with a hostile reception from Brazilian artists, Gomes was applauded and succeeded in winning them over. Gomes considers Rock in Rio to be one of the best moments of his career and after the show was greeted by John Sykes, the guitarist of Whitesnake.

paragraph: In the late 1980s, he returned to instrumental music dedicating himself to his guitar playing, covering old hits such as Os Chorinhos "Brasileirinho" (Waldir Azevedo) and "Noites Cariocas" (Jacob do Bandolim), artists who were present in the beginning of his career that helped make him famous as a virtuoso. He also participated in jazz festivals throughout the world and releasing the album "Instrumental on the Road" in 1989, with the Third World Talent Agency in New York. Gomes was invited to become a member of the heavy metal band Megadeth and later towards the end of the 1990s to become a member of Living Color. He refused the both invitations for personal reasons. Gomes later admitted in an interview hosted by MTV in 2011 that he turned down the invitation because he would be a hired musician and that he would only leave Brazil to be a member of a permanent band and not as an employee. In the 1990s he re-encountered his old partner Moraes Moreira and they released two albums, "Moraes e Pepeu" and "Moraes e Pepeu ao vivo no Japão", and while on tour were the closing act of Rock in Rio II. In 1993 Gomes released a new album which obtained a deal of success, driven by the song "Sexy Yemanjá" which was the sound track of the soap opera "Mulheres de Areia" on TV Globo. During the 1990s he continued to tour, playing for the first time in the Montreux Festival and played many shows with the guitarist Armandinho. In 1998 Gomes released a compilation of all the instrumental music of his career called, 20 anos: Discografia Instrumental, and in the following year released a CD of acoustic cover of his greatest hits, titled, "Meu coração". This album was produced with the guitarist Robertinho de Recife and included two unpublished tracks: "O que é que você quer comigo?" and "Dono de mim". In 2004 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of his solo career he released a CD and DVD called "De espírito em paz - Ao Vivo". In 2011, Gomes re-released a part of his remastered discography in the CD "On the Road" receiving song extra tracks and approved the release of an unpublished album titled, "Eu Não Procuro o Som", recorded live in 1979. Currently, Gomes, is preparing to release one more album.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo career.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 - "Geração do som" (CBS)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 - "Na terra a mais de mil" (Elektra/WEA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 - "Ao vivo em Montreux" (Elektra/WEA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 - "Pepeu Gomes" (WEA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 - "Um raio laser" (WEA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 - "Masculino e feminino" (CBS)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 - "Energia positiva" (CBS)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 - "Pepeu Gomes" (WEA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 - "On the Road" (WEA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 - "Moraes e Pepeu" (WEA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990 - "Moraes e Pepeu - Ao Vivo no Japão" (WEA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 - "Pepeu Gomes" (Warner Music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 - "Pepeu Gomes - 20 anos discografia instrumental" (Natasha)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Meu coração" (Trama)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - "De Espirito em Paz - Ao Vivo" (Som Livre)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Novos Baianos.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 – É Ferro na Boneca (RGE)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 – Acabou Chorare (Som Livre)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973 – Novos Baianos F.C. (Continental)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 – Novos Baianos (Continental)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974 – Vamos pro Mundo (Som Livre)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 – Caia na Estrada e Perigas Ver (Tapecar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 – Praga de Baiano (Tapecar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1978 – Farol da Barra (CBS)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 – Infinito Circular (Globo/Polydor)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Leif´s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 – Fobus In Totum / Nem Sei De Mim (PSICOBR{Compacto Simples Reedição 2014})

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: Brazilian musician

wikidata_label: Pepeu Gomes

wikipedia_title: Pepeu Gomes


text:
DJ
electronica
Bradenton, FL
private pilot
Eddie Kendricks
Isaac Hayes
Candi Staton
Otis Redding
Elvis Presley
Zapp
The Stylistics
O'Jays
Bill Withers
Lyrics Born
Sparlha Swa
Slave
Midnight Star
Stevie Wonder
Al Green
Fierce Ruling Diva's
Hot Dance Club Songs
Winter Music Conference
breakbeat
BPM (magazine)
Frankie Bones
Darude
DJ Rap
Paul Oakenfold
DJ Baby Anne
Dave London
D:Fuse
The Crystal Method
Reid Speed
DJ Icey
Tommy Boy Records
SoundCloud
Beatport
iTunes
Ableton Live
MIDI controller
Kickstarter
Official DJ Sharaz Site
Sharaz at MTV.com
DJ Sharaz at Discogs

categories: 1968 births,Breakbeat musicians,American DJs

paragraph: DJ Sharaz

paragraph: Anthony Sharaz, known by his stage name DJ Sharaz, is a DJ and electronica producer in the Bradenton, FL area. He is originally from East Chicago, but in 1986 moved to Florida to attend College. His current company is NineFourOne Media and he holds a private pilot license.

paragraph: His influences are largely soul/funk but also include: Eddie Kendricks, Isaac Hayes, Candi Staton, Otis Redding, Elvis Presley, Zapp, The Stylistics, O'Jays, Bill Withers, Lyrics Born, Sparlha Swa, Slave, Midnight Star, Stevie Wonder (pre-1980), Al Green, etc.

paragraph: His remix of Fierce Ruling Diva's "You Gotta Believe" spent a week at #1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart in 2002.

paragraph: In 2007, Sharaz's track "Holdin' On" was an International Dance Music Awards nominee for Best Breaks/Electro track at the Winter Music Conference.

paragraph: Sharaz has been nominated several times as "America's Favorite DJ" in the breakbeat category by BPM (magazine).

paragraph: He has performed alongside acts such as Frankie Bones, Richard "Humpty" Vission, DJ Mea, Darude, DJ Rap, The Warp Brothers, The Bassbin Twins, Paul Oakenfold, DJ Baby Anne, Storm (UK), Dave London, D:Fuse, The Crystal Method, Reid Speed, and DJ Icey.

paragraph: Remixes have been provided by Sharaz for Tommy Boy Records, POD Music, Kaleidoscope, DBI records, and StreetBeat Records. He has 36 records and nine compact discs released under his own independent label.

paragraph: Section::::Recent Developments.

paragraph: In August 2009, Sharaz began releasing a bi-weekly online mixcast in MP3 downloadable format entitled "Return to Planet Boom".

paragraph: In early 2010, after a several year hiatus (from approx 2006 - 2010), Sharaz began producing and releasing new tracks again via SoundCloud, Beatport and iTunes.

paragraph: In 2011, Sharaz resumed regular touring, and currently uses Ableton Live and an Ableton Push 2 MIDI controller, rather than CD players or turntables, as a basis for his live DJ sets. In August 2013, Sharaz released his first album in nearly nine years entitled "Been There Done That" consisting of entirely new material. In recent years, Sharaz has released two additional albums, "The Boogie Monster" in 2014 and "Unlike The Others" in 2019, the latter of which is a mixture of traditional breakbeat cuts and retro electro dance and synthwave music.

paragraph: In 2014 Sharaz released a 260 track limited edition anthology flash drive entitled "Escape to Planet of the Bass", funded entirely by Kickstarter. 2015 brought a limited edition double vinyl, 8 track 12" release, also successfully funded by Kickstarter. Both projects were graphically themed as 1980's-era retro computer games.

paragraph: Sharaz refrained from touring duties at the end of 2016, and spends much of his time working on commercial real estate investments. He is an avid collector of vintage synthesizers and drum machines.

paragraph: Section::::CD Discography.

paragraph: DJ SHARAZ "ILL BEHAVIOR" CD (CD-01)

paragraph: Released July 1, 1999

paragraph: 10 Track UNMIXED CD.

paragraph: DJ SHARAZ - "HORIZON" CD (CD-02)

paragraph: Released: February 23, 2000

paragraph: 12 Track Mixed CD.

paragraph: SHARAZ "DELIVERANCE" CD (CD-03)

paragraph: Released October 31, 2000

paragraph: 14 TRACK MIXED CD

paragraph: SHARAZ "OUT OF NOWHERE" (StreetBeat Records, Inc.)

paragraph: Released March 20, 2001

paragraph: 12 TRACK MIXED CD

paragraph: SHARAZ "TURN IT UP" CD (CD-04)

paragraph: Released June 15, 2001

paragraph: 13 track Mixed CD

paragraph: SHARAZ "FURTHER OUT" (StreetBeat Records, Inc.)

paragraph: Released February 26, 2002

paragraph: 12 Track Mixed CD

paragraph: SHARAZ "UNTIL DAWN" CD (CD-05)

paragraph: Release Date October 31, 2002

paragraph: 16 track Mixed CD

paragraph: SHARAZ "RUST" DVD/CD COMBO (CD-06)

paragraph: Released January 30, 2005

paragraph: Mix CD + Multimedia DVD/MP3s

paragraph: SHARAZ "COLLECTED" (StreetBeat Records, Inc.)

paragraph: Released August 22, 2006

paragraph: 8 Track UNMIXED CD/MP3

paragraph: SHARAZ "BEEN THERE DONE THAT" (CD-07)

paragraph: Released August 13, 2013

paragraph: 8 Track UNMIXED CD/MP3

paragraph: SHARAZ "THE BOOGIE MONSTER" (CD-08)

paragraph: Released October 31, 2014

paragraph: 13 Track UNMIXED CD/MP3

paragraph: SHARAZ "UNLIKE THE OTHERS" (CD-09)

paragraph: Released March 26, 2019

paragraph: 17 Track UNMIXED Digital Release

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official DJ Sharaz Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sharaz at MTV.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- DJ Sharaz at Discogs

description: American DJ

wikidata_label: DJ Sharaz

wikipedia_title: DJ Sharaz


text: Long Island

text: New York

text: canon law

text: John Barres

text: Allentown, PA

text: Boston Latin School

text: Saint John's Seminary

text: Archdiocese of Boston

text: Saint Peter’s Basilica

text: Vatican City

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: S.T.L.

text: S.T.D.

text: Roman Curia

text: Chaplain of His Holiness

text: Pope John XXIII Seminary

text: Vicar General

text: Moderator of the Curia

text: Bernard Cardinal Law

text: Pope John Paul II

text: James T. McHugh

text: Evangelicals and Catholics Together

text: U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops

text: English

text: Italian

text: French

text: Spanish

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston

text: Long Island

text: Cardinal Law

text: Catholic League

text: US$

text: St. Agnes Cathedral

text: Newsday

text: Jimmy Breslin

text: Catholic Charities

text: Voice of the Faithful

text: Farmingdale

text: Franklin Square

text: Hicksville

text: North Merrick

text: Lindenhurst

text: Sayville

text: Newsday

text: CBS2 News

text: News 12 Long Island

text: 1010 WINS News Radio

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Biography of Bishop Murphy

categories: Boston Latin School alumni,1940 births,American Roman Catholic bishops,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,Catholic University of America trustees,Living people

paragraph: William Murphy (Bishop of Rockville Centre)

paragraph: William Francis Murphy (born May 14, 1940) became the fourth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre, Long Island, New York, USA in 2001. His retirement, mandated by canon law at age 75, was announced on December 9, 2016. Murphy's successor is Bishop John Barres. who previously served as Bishop of Allentown, PA.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and priesthood.

paragraph: Educated at Boston Latin School, he went on to attend Saint John's Seminary receiving his BA in 1961. He was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Boston at Saint Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City on December 16, 1964. He was sent to Rome to study at the Pontifical Gregorian University receiving S.T.L. degree in 1965 and an S.T.D., in 1974. He was called to the Roman Curia to serve as Under-Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace from 1980–1987, having worked as an official in Justice and Peace from 1974. At the same time he served as lecturer in theology, Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas from 1976 until 1980, while also serving as a lecturer in theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University from 1972 to 1974. He was named Chaplain of His Holiness in 1979.

paragraph: He returned to the archdiocese of Boston, where he served as Secretary of Community Relations for the Archdiocese of Boston and concurrently director of the Office of Social Justice and director of the then Pope John XXIII Seminary, Weston, Massachusetts, all from 1987 to 1993. In 1987 he was named a Prelate of Honour. At the same time he served as a lecturer in Social Ethics at St. John’s Seminary, Brighton, MA. He served as Vicar General and Moderator of the Curia for the Archdiocese of Boston from 1993-2001. In this role, he was the principal assistant to Bernard Cardinal Law, responsible for clergy.

paragraph: Section::::Episcopate.

paragraph: He was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston on November 21, 1995 and consecrated a month later on December 27, 1995. Pope John Paul II appointed Murphy to succeed the late Bishop James T. McHugh to head the Diocese of Rockville Centre on June 26, 2001. He was installed as the Fourth Bishop of Rockville Centre on September 5, 2001.

paragraph: Murphy is also a past member of the Board of Trustees of The Catholic University of America. He signed the document Evangelicals and Catholics Together. In 2007 he was appointed the head of the Domestic Policy Committee of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, which advises the U.S. Catholic church to shape positions on issues ranging from welfare to health care to the death penalty.

paragraph: Murphy has a reputation as an orthodox church conservative although non-confrontational.

paragraph: He is fluent in English, Italian, French and Spanish.

paragraph: Section::::Allegations of protecting abusive priests.

paragraph: Bishop Murphy has denied that he helped to protect abusive priests while he was second in command at the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston, before coming to Long Island in 2001. Murphy's denials contradicted a July 2010 report by the Massachusetts attorney general that stated that Murphy "placed a higher priority on preventing scandal and providing support to alleged abusers than on protecting children from sexual abuse."

paragraph: The report also stated: "There is overwhelming evidence that for many years Cardinal Law and his senior managers (Bishop Murphy is identified in the report as a senior manager and a top archdiocesan official) had direct, actual knowledge that substantial numbers of children in the Archdiocese had been sexually abused by substantial numbers of priests. Any claim by the Cardinal or the Archdiocese’s senior managers that they did not know about the abuse suffered by, or the continuing threat to, children in the Archdiocese is simply not credible.”

paragraph: The Catholic League defended Murphy, contending, amongst other things, that the allegations were unfounded and that Massachusetts did not require clergy at the time to report abuse; and the internal pastoral response was at the time the norm in all religions. The League also praised Murphy’s leadership and actions on issues involving sexual abuse since his appointment to the Diocese of Rockville Centre in September 2001.

paragraph: Bishop Accountability.Org says Murphy is "a key figure in the sexual abuse crisis, both because of his earlier role in the Boston archdiocese and because of conditions in Rockville Centre."

paragraph: Section::::Renovation of bishop quarters controversy.

paragraph: Murphy was heavily criticized for spending more than US$5 million on renovations for St. Agnes Cathedral that included a private residence for himself. Murphy took over the third floor of an old convent that was being renovated to accommodate six nuns and forced them to relocate. The convent had room for 37 apartments. "The sisters, I think, were disappointed," Murphy said, "but a disappointment they expressed with great generosity. They understood my dilemma."

paragraph: Murphy deemed his current living quarters in the cathedral rectory as unsatisfactory because they lacked privacy, and that a separate donated house was not large enough to entertain visiting prelates. After construction started, the original estimate of $500,000 for construction and furnishings increased to $800,000.

paragraph: Murphy invited Newsday reporter Jimmy Breslin to review the accommodations. Breslin reported that the suite consisted of a lavishly decorated living room, a new fireplace with an oak mantel, a kitchen with top-of-the-line appliances (including a temperature-controlled wine storage cabinet for 50 bottles of wine), a marble bathroom, a bedroom and study for the bishop's secretary, a separate suite called "the cardinal’s suite," and a public wing with a fourth bedroom for visiting laity. Murphy believes that the cost was justified since the new bishop's residence can serve simultaneously as a residence for the bishop, his secretary, the cardinal, and other visiting laity.

paragraph: Shortly after the story about the new residence broke, the local Catholic Charities branch operating in the Diocese of Rockville Centre announced that it was terminating a $1.1 million home care program that had served 500 poor, mentally ill people on Long Island. Catholic Charities attributed its decision to “mounting expenses.” Kate Bishop, the program’s coordinator stated to the press: “It’s interesting that our deficit [$140,000] is about the same amount as what the church is spending on the kitchen appliances and Oriental rugs in the [bishop’s] residence.” “Our mission is to serve people who are marginalized and disenfranchised. For them to turn around, with no notice, and end the program, is horrible.”

paragraph: Section::::Discontent amongst diocesan priests.

paragraph: In October 2003, 52 priests requested a meeting with Murphy after sending a letter that spoke of a "general malaise and even an abiding anger" within the diocese, "a fairly widespread dissatisfaction with the way you have related to some clergy and the laity" and "a certain lack of confidence in your pastoral leadership." Issues raised included Bishop Murphy's management style, the excessive cost of renovating a diocesan building into his personal residence, ongoing concerns of how he handled the sexual abuse scandal, and his ban against the 1,000 member reform group "Long Island Voice of the Faithful", which has asked Murphy to resign, from meeting on church property.

paragraph: Section::::Catholic school closings.

paragraph: On December 5, 2011, Murphy made the decision to close six Roman Catholic elementary schools on Long Island (St. John Baptist de La Salle Regional School in Farmingdale, St. Catherine of Sienna School in Franklin Square, St. Ignatius Loyola School in Hicksville, Sacred Heart School in North Merrick, Our Lady of Perpetual Help School in Lindenhurst and Prince of Peace Regional School in Sayville). Incensed parishioners of Prince of Peace Regional School placed a full page personal ad in "Newsday" on December 21, 2011 challenging the Bishop's decision, arguing that enrollment was actually up in 2010 & 2011. Students of Saint Catherine of Sienna School held a protest on December 21, 2011 that was broadcast on "CBS2 News", News 12 Long Island and 1010 WINS News Radio. Parents speaking at the rally argued that they were excluded from the decision making process. Podium speakers stated that several munificent parishioners offered to make sizable donations to meet the relatively small financial shortcomings of the parish school, which they claimed Murphy would not entertain. Additionally, parishioners at the protest alleged that 68 students enrolled in Saint Catherine of Sienna’s nursery and pre-kindergarten programs were excluded from the Bishop’s financial analysis.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Bishop Murphy (Official Diocesan Homepage)

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: William Murphy


text: Sheffield United

text: Yorkshire County Cricket Club

text: Bramall Lane Cricket Ground

text: Yorkshire County Cricket Club

text: Bramall Lane

text: Sheffield United

text: The Football Association

categories: English cricket administrators,1909 deaths,1836 births,Sportspeople from Sheffield,English football managers,Sheffield United F.C. managers,English Football League managers

paragraph: Joseph Wostinholm

paragraph: Joseph Beckett Wostinholm (1836 – April 1909) was the club secretary of Sheffield United from its formation in 1889 until 1899. Sometimes referred to as 'John' or 'J.B.' Wostinholm, he was also secretary of the Yorkshire County Cricket Club from 1864 until 1902.

paragraph: Wostinholm was a charted accountant, stockbroker and estate agent who worked out of offices on Bramall Lane in Sheffield. He took the position of secretary of the Bramall Lane Cricket Ground in 1862 and was responsible for the ground's development into a top class cricket venue. He also became secretary of the recently formed Yorkshire County Cricket Club and worked to establish Yorkshire as the leading county.

paragraph: In 1889 he was instrumental in the formation of a new football team to play at the Bramall Lane ground during the winter months and became the club secretary of Sheffield United at their inception. Although the team was selected by a committee and coached by a trainer, Wostinholm undertook many of the duties currently associated with that of a football manager including player transfers and dealing with The Football Association.

paragraph: Retiring from Bramall Lane in 1899 and Yorkshire in 1902 Wostinholm died in 1909 at the age of 73.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of English football championship winning managers

description: Football club secretary

wikidata_label: Joseph Wostinholm

wikipedia_title: Joseph Wostinholm


text:
Toulouse
French
high jump
1948 Summer Olympics
1952 Summer Olympics

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics,Competitors at the 1951 Mediterranean Games,Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics,Olympic athletes of France,Sportspeople from Toulouse,French male high jumpers,1994 deaths,1924 births,Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics,Mediterranean Games gold medalists for France

paragraph: Georges Damitio

paragraph: Georges Damitio (20 May 1924 in Toulouse – 7 September 1994) was a French high jumper who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

description: French high jumper and long jumper

wikidata_label: Georges Damitio

wikipedia_title: Georges Damitio


text: lieutenant general

text: United States Army Air Corps

text: Mediterranean Sea

text: World War II

text: Logansport

text: DeSoto Parish

text: Louisiana

text: Baylor University

text: Waco

text: Texas

text: Louisiana Tech University

text: Ruston

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: Methodist

text: Centenary College

text: Shreveport

text: Randolph Field

text: San Antonio

text: Kelly Field

text: Barksdale Field

text: Bossier City

text: Savannah

text: Georgia

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Balkans

text: Cold War

text: United States Air Force

text: England

text: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

text: Naples

text: Italy

text: Fort Lesley J. McNair

text: Legion of Merit

text: Taiwan Straits Crisis

text: Japan

text: Hickam Air Force Base

text: Hawaii

text: Keesler Technical Training Center

text: Biloxi

text: Mississippi

text: United States Air Force Academy

text: Colorado Springs

text: Public Broadcasting

text: Beth Courtney

text: Baton Rouge

text: San Diego

text: California

text: Baptist

text: Arlington National Cemetery

text: Arlington

text: Virginia

categories: Baylor University alumni,Recipients of the Legion of Merit,People from Shreveport, Louisiana,American army personnel of World War II,2012 deaths,United States Army officers,People from Washington, D.C.,Louisiana Tech University alumni,Centenary College of Louisiana alumni,Baptists from Mississippi,United States Air Force generals,People from Biloxi, Mississippi,1913 births,Burials at Arlington National Cemetery,People from Logansport, Louisiana

paragraph: John Spencer Hardy

paragraph: John Spencer Hardy, Sr. (May 7, 1913 – May 1, 2012), was a lieutenant general who served as chief of operations for the United States Army Air Corps in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Hardy was born in Logansport in DeSoto Parish in western Louisiana. In 1930, he graduated from Logansport High School and then attended Baylor University in Waco, Texas, and Louisiana Tech University in Ruston. In 1938, he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from Methodist-affiliated Centenary College in Shreveport, Louisiana. In February 1935, Hardy entered aviation cadet training at Randolph Field in San Antonio. In 1936, he received his pilot wings thereafter at the since closed Kelly Field, also in San Antonio. After serving on active duty for a year as a flying cadet with the 17th and 3rd Attack Groups, he was commissioned a second lieutenant effective March 1, 1937.

paragraph: Section::::World War II service.

paragraph: His first commissioned assignment was at Barksdale Field in Bossier City, Louisiana, where he assumed squadron and, later, group operational duties. Designated as assistant chief of operations early in 1942, he helped to activate the Eighth Air Force headquarters at Savannah, Georgia, and at Bolling Field in Washington, D.C. In the summer of 1942, Hardy was assigned to England with the Eighth Air Force and became chief of operations in 1943. For his work during this period, he received the Distinguished Service Medal. His duties took him to the Mediterranean in 1944, at which time he participated in the planning for air offensives against southern Europe, the Balkans, and the Allied landings in southern France.

paragraph: Section::::Cold War service.

paragraph: During the Cold War, Hardy was deputy chief for the United States Air Force's Pacific Air Command, for the Pacific unified command, commander of the Third Air Force in England, and the commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's Allied Air Forces based in Naples, Italy. He subsequently served as Commandant of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces at Fort Lesley J. McNair in Washington, D.C. He received the Army and Air Force Distinguished Service Medals, Legion of Merit with two Oak Leaf Clusters, Belgian Croix de Guerre with Palm, and the Royal Hellenic Order of King George I.

paragraph: Hardy was involved in negotiations relating to the Taiwan Straits Crisis in 1958 and the renegotiation of the defense treaty with Japan in 1959. His assignments took him to many locations, including Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii and from 1960 to 1964 as the commander of Keesler Technical Training Center in Biloxi, Mississippi.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement years.

paragraph: Upon his military retirement effective August 1, 1970, Hardy resided in Shreveport, where he served on the Centenary College board and was inducted into the institution's Hall of Fame. He was a member of the board of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, the advisory board of the Louisiana Old State Capitol and the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport. He was honored as a "Louisiana Legend" in 2008 by Louisiana Public Broadcasting.

paragraph: Hardy's first wife was the former Virginia Elizabeth Doyle, whom he married in her native Shreveport in 1940. Their children are Beth Courtney of Baton Rouge, the long-time president of Louisiana Public Broadcasting, and her husband, Robert "Bob" Courtney; John S. Hardy, Jr., of Baton Rouge, and his wife, Karen, and George Dickson Hardy of San Diego, California. After Virginia's death, General Hardy married Jean Talbot Hopkins. His third wife, whom he married in 1993, is the former Norma Ann Hendrick of Shreveport, who survived him. He had three grandchildren, Julia George Moore, Robin Virginia Hardy Moreland and Spencer Miles George Hardy, two great-grandchildren, and six step-children, James Hopkins, Janie Hopkins, Susan Meyers, Talbot Trudeau, Dr. Robert Hendrick, and Virginia Haddad.

paragraph: Hardy died in Baton Rouge, less than a week from what would have been his 99th birthday. Services were held in the Frost Chapel of First Baptist Church of Shreveport, where he was a long-time member. Interment with full military honors was at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.

description: American lieutenant general

wikidata_label: John Spencer Hardy

wikipedia_title: John Spencer Hardy


text:
Detmold
Biesterfeld
Lippe
Simon VII
Lippe-Biesterfeld
Biesterfeld
Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau

categories: 1678 deaths,1625 births,Counts of Lippe,House of Lippe,17th-century German people

paragraph: Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe

paragraph: Jobst Herman of Lippe-Biesterfeld (9 February 1625 in Detmold – 6 July 1678 in Biesterfeld) was a titular Count of Lippe, Sternberg and Schwalenberg.

paragraph: He was the son of Count Simon VII from 1587 to 1627) from his marriage to Countess Maria Magdalena of Waldeck-Wildungen (1606-1671) and is considered the founder of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line, as a result of his creation of the Biesterfeld manor, between 1654 and 1665.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Jobst Hermann married on 10 October 1654 to Countess Juliane Elisabeth of Sayn-Wittgenstein (4 October 1634 – 23 June 1689). Their children were styled Count (or Countess) of Lippe-Biesterfeld:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon John (7 July 1655 – 8 May 1656)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juliane Elisabeth (15 June 1656 – 29 April 1709)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Augustus (15 October 1657 – 9 September 1709)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charlotte Sophie (16 September 1658 – 25 April 1672)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon Christian (8 October 1659 – 9 November 1660)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodore Adolph (22 October 1660 – 9 March 1709)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christine Mary (12 February 1662 – 14 June 1710)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stillborn son (10 June 1663)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christiane Ernestine (12 July 1664 – 28 December 1686)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Auguste (14 September 1665 – 25 August 1730)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Frederick (6 November 1666 – 21 February 1712)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magdalene Emilie (30 November 1667 – 25 June 1677)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Concordia Dorothea (18 December 1668 – 25 June 1677)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John George Louis (12 January 1670 – 22 January 1693)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rudolph Ferdinand (17 March 1671 – 12 June 1736); his granddaughter Henriette of Lippe-Weissenfeld (1753-1795) married Albert (1750-1811), son of Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Christian (November 1672 – 6 May 1674)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon Christian (4 March 1674 – 23 June 1677)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elisabeth Charlotte (21 March 1675 – 22 August 1676)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juliane Sophie (6 December 1676 – 2 June 1705)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justine Hermione (20 May 1679 – 15 June 1704)

wikidata_label: Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe

wikipedia_title: Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe


text: Boconnoc

text: Sir William Mohun

text: Sheriff of Cornwall

text: feudal barons of Dunster

text: Dunster Castle

text: Member of Parliament

text: Fowey

text: East Looe

text: Sheriff of Cornwall

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: baronet

text: Henry Killigrew

text: John Hele

text: Wembury

text: Baron Mohun of Okehampton

text: feudal barons of Okehampton

text: Okehampton Castle

text: Hall

text: Lanteglos-by-Fowey

text: Hugh Courtenay

text: Ashton

text: Sir George Chudleigh, 1st Baronet

text: Lostwithiel

text: East Looe

text: Reginald Mohun

text: Member of Parliament

text: Lostwithiel

text: Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L.

categories: English MPs 1584–1585,English MPs 1586–1587,1564 births,High Sheriffs of Cornwall,Deputy Lieutenants of Cornwall,Knights Bachelor,1639 deaths,Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall,English MPs 1614

paragraph: Sir Reginald Mohun, 1st Baronet

paragraph: Sir Reginald Mohun, 1st Baronet (1564 – 26 December 1639) of Boconnoc in Cornwall, was a prominent member of the gentry of Cornwall and an MP.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the eldest son and heir of Sir William Mohun (d. 1587) of Boconnoc, Sheriff of Cornwall in 1572, by his first wife Elizabeth Horsey, daughter and heiress of John Horsey. He was descended from the ancient Mohun family, feudal barons of Dunster in Somerset, seated at Dunster Castle.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was the Member of Parliament for Fowey in 1584 and 1586 and for East Looe in 1614. He was also elected in a double return in 1625 when four names were submitted, which was not knowingly resolved by Parliament. He was selected Sheriff of Cornwall for 1592–93 and made a Deputy Lieutenant of Cornwall in 1600.

paragraph: He was knighted in 1599 and created a baronet on 25 November 1612.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages & progeny.

paragraph: He married thrice:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firstly in 1589 to Mary Killigrew, 3rd daughter of Sir Henry Killigrew (c. 1528 – 1603), MP, diplomat and ambassador, by whom he had one son:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Mohun (d. 1613) who predeceased his father without progeny.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondly to Philippa Hele, a daughter of the eminent lawyer Sir John Hele (died 1608) of Wembury in Devon, by whom he had progeny including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Mohun, 2nd Baronet, 1st Baron Mohun of Okehampton (1595–1640), eldest son and heir, created Baron Mohun of Okehampton in 1628. This was in reference to his family being one of the heirs of the Courtenay Earls of Devon and feudal barons of Okehampton in Devon, seated at Okehampton Castle. His ancestor William Mohun of Hall in the parish of Lanteglos-by-Fowey, Cornwall, had married Elizabeth Courtenay, a daughter of Sir Hugh Courtenay (1427–1471) of Boconnoc and one of the four co-heiresses of the last of the old Earls of Devon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth Mohun (born 1593), wife of John Trelawney of Trelawney in Cornwall.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thirdly he married Dorothy Chudleigh, a daughter of John Chudleigh (1565–1589), MP, of Ashton, Devon, and sister of Sir George Chudleigh, 1st Baronet (c. 1578 – 1658), MP for Lostwithiel, Cornwall, in 1621 and 1625 and for East Looe, Cornwall, in 1614. By his wife he had progeny 3 sons and 4 daughters, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reginald Mohun (1605–1642), 2nd son, a Member of Parliament for Lostwithiel, Cornwall, in 1626.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferdinando Mohun, 3rd son.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Mohun (born 1613), 4th son.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on 26 December 1639 and his will was proved on 30 April 1640.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of Cornwall: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1530, 1573 & 1620; with additions by J.L. Vivian, Exeter, 1887, pp. 323–6, pedigree of "Mohun of Boconnoc"

wikipedia_title: Sir Reginald Mohun, 1st Baronet


text:
Mantua
football
forward
World Cups
1970
Serie B
Prato
Potenza
Serie B
Varese
Cagliari
1968–69 Serie A
Luigi Riva
Cagliari
Chicago Mustangs
Internazionale Milano F.C.
Italian national football team
Sandro Mazzola
top goalscorer
1970–71
1971–72
1970–71 Serie A
1972 European Cup Final
Ajax
Juventus F.C.
Pietro Anastasi
Serie A
Coppa Italia
UEFA Cup
Verona
1979–80 Serie B
Italy
UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying
final tournament
Ferruccio Valcareggi
1970
1974
1970 FIFA World Cup
epic semi-final match
West-Germany
Gianni Rivera's
final
Brazil
Gianni Brera
Juventus
Francesco Morini
Serie A
1970–71
Serie A
1976–77
1977–78
Coppa Italia
UEFA Cup
1976–77
FIFA World Cup
1970
Serie A
Top Scorer
1970–71
1971–72
Coppa Italia
United Soccer Association
Inter Archive

categories: Cagliari Calcio players,1970 FIFA World Cup players,Chicago Mustangs players,1974 FIFA World Cup players,A.C. Prato players,Inter Milan players,Hellas Verona F.C. players,1943 births,Italian footballers,Varese Calcio players,People from Mantua,United Soccer Association players,Living people,Juventus F.C. players,Serie A players,Mantova 1911 S.S.D. players,Association football forwards,Potenza S.C. players,Italy international footballers

paragraph: Roberto Boninsegna

paragraph: Roberto Boninsegna ( born 13 November 1943 in Mantua) is an Italian former football player, who mainly played as a forward. After retiring, he worked as a football manager. As a player, he represented the Italian national side at two World Cups, reaching the final in 1970.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Boninsegna started his career in Serie B (the second tier of Italian professional football) with Prato in 1963–64 season. He transferred to Potenza, who was Serie B team in 1964–65 season. He also played for Varese in 1965–66 and Cagliari between 1966–1969, helping the club to a second-place finish during the 1968–69 Serie A season alongside Luigi Riva. During the summer of 1967, Cagliari came to the United States to play in the North American Soccer League as the Chicago Mustangs; Boninsegna led the club in scoring with 11 goals in nine matches. Boninsegna gained a status as an efficient striker with Internazionale Milano F.C. and the Italian national football team in the 1970s, playing alongside Sandro Mazzola. In Serie A, he totaled 171 goals in 281 games, and was top goalscorer in Italy during the 1970–71 and 1971–72 Serie A seasons, with Inter.

paragraph: After moving to Inter in 1969, he also won the 1970–71 Serie A title with the club, and reached the 1972 European Cup Final, only to be defeated by Ajax. He transferred to Juventus F.C. in 1976 in exchange for Pietro Anastasi, and he played 3 seasons for the club, winning two Serie A titles, a Coppa Italia, and an UEFA Cup. After leaving Juventus in 1979, he finished his career with Verona, retiring from professional football at the end of the 1979–80 Serie B season.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Boninsegna made his debut for Italy on 18 November 1967, in an away UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying match against Switzerland, which ended 2–2, although he was not called up for the final tournament, which Italy ended up winning on home soil under manager Ferruccio Valcareggi, with whom he would have several disagreements throughout his international career. With the national side, he took part in two World Cups, the first in 1970, and the second in 1974. In total, he managed 9 goals for Italy in 22 appearances.

paragraph: Boninsegna was a member of the Italian side that reached the final of the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, scoring two goals throughout the tournament. In the epic semi-final match against West-Germany, he scored a goal, and later set up Gianni Rivera's match-winning goal in extra time, which allowed Italy to advance to the final after a 4–3 victory. He scored Italy's only goal (though at the time it was an important equaliser) in the final against Brazil, which Italy ultimately lost 4–1; he came off for Rivera in the final minutes of the game.

paragraph: Section::::Style of play.

paragraph: As a player, Boninsegna was a powerful, agile and acrobatic striker, who was known for his accurate finishing ability and intelligence in the penalty area. He was a prolific goalscorer, who excelled in the air, despite not being particularly tall or imposing physically. He was also gifted with pace, stamina, technical ability, opportunism and outstanding consistency, which enabled him to become one of the top Italian forwards of his generation. Because of his jumping ability and his power and accuracy with his head, the Italian sports journalist Gianni Brera gave him the nickname "Bonimba". Despite his talent, he was criticised on occasion for being a selfish player, although he was also capable of creating chances for team mates. He was also well known for his on the field rivalry with Juventus defender Francesco Morini, who later became his teammate.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.:International.

paragraph: Source

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Internazionale

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serie A: 1970–71

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juventus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serie A: 1976–77, 1977–78

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coppa Italia: 1978–79

paragraph: BULLET::::- UEFA Cup: 1976–77

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:International.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italy

paragraph: BULLET::::- FIFA World Cup: 1970 (Runners-up)

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Serie A Top Scorer: 1970–71, 1971–72

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coppa Italia Top Scorer: 1971–72

paragraph: BULLET::::- United Soccer Association Top Scorer: 1967

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inter Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wikipedia article

description: Italian footballer

wikidata_label: Roberto Boninsegna

wikipedia_title: Roberto Boninsegna


text: Regina, Saskatchewan

text: speedskater

text: World Junior Championships

text: Dutchman

text: Sven Kramer

text: student

text: kinesiology

text: catheter ablation

text: Dr. L. Brent Mitchell

text: Foothills Medical Centre

text: Calgary

text: 2006 Winter Olympics

text: Turin

text: silver medal

text: speed skating

text: Photos of Justin Warsylewicz

categories: Speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Olympic silver medalists for Canada,1985 births,Canadian male speed skaters,Sportspeople from Regina, Saskatchewan,Living people,Olympic medalists in speed skating

paragraph: Justin Warsylewicz

paragraph: Justin Warsylewicz (born 19 October 1985 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian speedskater.

paragraph: In February 2004, at the age of eighteen, he became Canadian All Round Champion after winning the World Junior Championships earlier that year. His win left the talented Dutchman Sven Kramer behind him in second place. The student of kinesiology missed the first half of the 2004/2005 season when he was diagnosed with a heart irregularity. This required catheter ablation procedures performed by Dr. L. Brent Mitchell at the Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary on November 17 and December 8. Successful outcomes of the procedures allowed Justin to compete in the Canadian All Round Championship at the end of December, and successfully defended his national title. Justin subsequently participated in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, winning a silver medal in men's team pursuit speed skating.

paragraph: As of November 2013 and through the lead-up to the 2014 Olympic Winder Games, the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, that had treated Justin in 2004, has been his sponsor.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photos of Justin Warsylewicz

description: speed skater

wikidata_label: Justin Warsylewicz

wikipedia_title: Justin Warsylewicz


text:
Korea
Confucian
Unified Silla
Tang China
imperial examination
Buddhism
Haeinsa
Choe
Gyeongju
Gyeongju
bone rank system
National Confucian Academy
Chang'an
Xi'an
Samguk Sagi
imperial examination
Emperor Xizong of Tang
Gao Pian
Huang Chao
Samguk Sagi
Queen Jinseong
Samguk Sagi
Gyeongju
Jirisan
Haeundae District
Busan
Wang Geon
Goryeo
Mandate of Heaven
Samguk Sagi
Gayasan
Goryeo
Joseon dynasty
King Hyeonjong
Shin Chaeho
Sadae
Choe
stele
King Heongang
Joseon Dynasty
Samguk Sagi
South Gyeongsang
Gyeongju
South Chungcheong
North Gyeongsang
Korean Confucianism
Munmyo
Korean philosophy
Silla
List of Korea-related topics

categories: Korean male poets,Choe clan of Gyeongju,Korean philosophers,10th-century deaths,Silla people,Korean Confucianists,857 births

paragraph: Choe Chiwon

paragraph: Choe Chiwon (; 857–10th century) was a noted Korean Confucian official, philosopher, and poet of the late Unified Silla period (668-935). He studied for many years in Tang China, passed the Tang imperial examination, and rose to high office there before returning to Silla, where he made ultimately futile attempts to reform the governmental apparatus of a declining Silla state.

paragraph: In his final years, Choe turned more towards Buddhism and became a hermit scholar residing in and around Korea's Haeinsa temple.

paragraph: Choe Chiwon was also known by the literary names Haeun "Sea Cloud" ( ), or, more commonly, Goun "Lonely Cloud" ( ). He is recognized today as the progenitor of the Choe clan of Gyeongju.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and study in Tang.

paragraph: Choe Chiwon was born in the Saryang district of the Silla capital of Gyeongju in 857. He was of the so-called "head rank six" ("yukdupum" ) class, a hereditary class in Silla's stringent bone rank system affixed to those of mixed aristocratic and commoner birth. As a member of head rank six, Choe was restricted in the level of office he could attain.

paragraph: Towards the end of Silla, many in the head rank six ranks began to seek opportunities of advancement beyond the traditional confines of the Silla social-political order. One outlet was to become a Buddhist monk. Another was to take up the study of Confucianism. China's Confucian bureaucracy had been adopted to a limited degree by Silla following its unification of the peninsula in 668. Confucianism was well suited to the administration of territory and the buttressing of central authority (that is, royal absolutism). The adoption of Confucian administrative norms and Silla's closer ties with Tang China demanded a highly educated corps of scholar-officials. To meet this need the Silla monarchy turned to the frustrated talents of the head rank six class. Royal support of the head rank six also gave the monarch more leverage against an increasingly hostile aristocracy.

paragraph: In the early years following unification head rank six students matriculated at Silla's own National Confucian Academy, established in the late 7th century. By the 9th century, however, ambitious Silla students aspired to seek their education at the very source, in the Tang capital of Chang'an (present day Xi'an). It was in the course of the 9th century that the Choe clan of Gyeongju nurtured close ties with the Silla monarchy, and as a result many of the Choe clan were sent to matriculate in China with the ultimate goal of passing the Chinese civil service exam and returning to serve the Silla court.

paragraph: According to the 12th century history work "Samguk Sagi", when Choe was twelve years of age, in 869, his father sent him to study in Tang, seeing him off with the admonition that if he did not pass the Chinese imperial examination within ten years he would cease to be his son. Within the decade Choe did indeed pass the highest of China's civil service exams, the coveted "jinshi" (進士) degree, and was duly appointed to a prefectural office in the south. Choe went on to serve in China for nearly a decade, even becoming intimate with Emperor Xizong of Tang (r. 873-888). Choe also won merits for his service under the Tang general Gao Pian in his struggle against the Huang Chao rebellion, a failed uprising which nonetheless ushered in the final years of the crippled Chinese dynasty. With the rebellion put down and peace at least temporarily restored Choe's thoughts turned towards home. One surviving poem, written earlier while Choe was heading to his first official post in China ("ten years of dust" being his ten years spent in preparing for the exam), gave vent to his emotions regarding the native land and family he had not seen in a decade:

paragraph: The "Samguk Sagi" again tells us that Choe - the consummate Confucian - was thinking of his ageing parents when he requested permission from the Tang emperor to return to Silla. This he was duly granted and he returned home in 885. He was then 28.

paragraph: Section::::Attempts at reform.

paragraph: Soon upon his return to Silla Choe was appointed an instructor and reader at Silla's Confucian Hallim Academy. He was shuffled through various positions, including Minister of War and chief of a variety of regional prefectures. Though in 893 he was appointed chief envoy of a diplomatic mission to Tang China, famine and subsequent upheavals in Silla prevented his journey. Tang fell soon afterward and Choe was never to see China again.

paragraph: As member of the "yukdupum" class, Choe had returned to Silla with youthful hopes of reform. Choe was not the first of the yukdupum Confucian literati to attempt to foster reform in the Silla state, however his case is one of the most prominent to come down to us in recorded Korean history. In 894 Choe submitted to Silla's Queen Jinseong (r. 887-897) his "Ten Urgent Points of Reform" for the Silla (시무십여조, 時務十餘條). As with earlier attempts by Choe's predecessors, these were ultimately to fall upon deaf ears. By the time of Choe's return Silla was in an advanced state of collapse. The central monarchy had been greatly weakened by internecine struggle, with power devolving first into the hands of the bone rank aristocracy and then - more ominously for Silla's survival - into the hands of regional warlords who controlled the countryside outside the capital region, and in some cases commanded their own private armies.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement and later life.

paragraph: Few records remain of Choe's middle and late years. Around the year 900 Choe retired from public life and began a period of wandering through numerous Korean locales. As the Samguk Sagi relates, "Living in retirement, [Choe] took up the free life of a mountain sage, building pavilions along rivers and shores, planting pines and bamboo, reading books and writing history, and composing odes to nature. He is known to have dwelled in such places as Namsan in Gyeongju, Bingsan in Gangju, Cheongnyang Temple in Habju, Ssanggye Temple in Jirisan, and a cottage in Habpohyeon." Haeundae District of modern Busan takes its name from Choe's pen-name Haeun as he purportedly was enamored of the location and so built a pavilion there overlooking the beach. A piece of Choe's calligraphy engraved on a rock still survives there.

paragraph: Eventually Choe settled at Haeinsa Temple where his elder brother Hyeonjun (賢俊) served as abbot. His later years are most notable for his lengthy stele inscriptions, hagiographies to Silla's most noted Buddhist priests that have proved a primary source of information on Silla Buddhism.

paragraph: One well known anecdote regarding Choe in these years regards a putative piece of verse he dispatched to Wang Geon, the founder of the Goryeo. Apparently convinced by the greatness of Wang Geon, notably by the promulgation of his Ten Injunctions, Choe came to believe that Wang Geon had inherited the Mandate of Heaven to succeed the declining Silla dynasty as the ruler of the peninsula. Reflecting this, he secretly sent off a prophetic verse reflecting his support of the new dynasty: “The leaves of the Cock Forest [Silla] are yellow, the pines of Snow Goose Pass [Goryeo] are green.” (계림황엽 곡령청송, 鷄林黃葉 鵠嶺靑松). Cock Forest (Gyerim) being an ancient sobriquet for Silla and Snow Goose Pass (Gongnyeong) being the ancestral home of Wang Geon, and by association the Goryeo Dynasty. However, this anecdote first appeared in the 12th century Samguk Sagi, long after Choe had died and some modern scholars concur that Choe, a native and ardent supporter of Silla, never penned it but that it was attributed to him by a young Goryeo dynasty to buttress its legitimacy and win over the support of young Silla scholars to its enterprise.

paragraph: The date of Choe's death is unknown, though he was still living as late as 924, the date of one of his surviving stele engravings. One fantastic account relates that Choe's straw slippers were discovered at the edge of the forest on Mt. Gaya (Gayasan), the location of Haeinsa, and that Choe had become a Daoist immortal and ascended into the heavens. More grounded historical theories posit that he committed suicide, but this is ultimately conjecture.

paragraph: Section::::Later views.

paragraph: Several streams emerged from Choe in the long centuries following his death. On the one hand, as Korea became increasingly Confucianized in the late Goryeo and most especially the Joseon dynasty period, Choe became one of the most lauded members of Korea's pantheon of Confucianists, with pride of place in the nation's Confucian temple. King Hyeonjong (r. 1009-1031), recognizing Choe's Confucian accomplishments, granted him the posthumous title of Marquis of Bright Culture (문창후, 文昌侯). In the early 13th century his portrait was placed in the national Confucian shrine to become an object of veneration thence forward.

paragraph: On the other hand, as time passed Choe also came to be revered as a poet, due in great part to the relatively large number of his poems that have survived, all written in Chinese. Around Choe also grew up a rich body of folklore, attributing to him fantastic deeds and supernatural powers.

paragraph: In the late 19th century, as Korean intellectuals began to reexamine their intellectual and historical roots in the face of increasing national weakness and foreign encroachment, there arose a rising critique of Korea's historical deference to China.

paragraph: The most articulate voice of such nationalist sentiment was the journalist, historian, and philosopher Shin Chaeho (1880–1936). Shin condemned Choe Chiwon as one of the most glaring examples of Korean intellectual subservience to China, a pattern of sequacious behavior on the part of Korea's intellectual class (according to Shin) that over the long run weakened Korea's national spirit and made it a slave to "Sadae" ("serving the great") thought.

paragraph: Choe Chiwon is now claimed by the Gyeongju Choe clan as their founder. The location of his home in Gyeongju is now a small temple hall dedicated to his memory.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: The relatively extensive extant writings of Choe stand as witness to his importance in late Silla society while also ensuring him a degree of importance among latter generations that has escaped his contemporaries, many of whom, like him, were talented poets, learned officials, and diligent in their attempts at reform.

paragraph: Besides his lost works like "Jewang yeondaeryeok" (Chronological History of Monarchs) and others, Choe's surviving writings may be divided roughly into four main categories: official prose (to include memorials, dispatches, etc. during his service both in Tang China and Silla); private prose (on such topics as tea drinking and natural scenery); poetry; and stele inscriptions.

paragraph: Shortly following Choe's return to Silla in 885 he compiled his various writings, both official and unofficial (to include some poetry) and presented it to King Heongang. The preface to that compilation survives allowing us to know its original contents. However, the entire collection is no longer extant. What does survive is one part entitled the "Gyeweon Pilgyeong" (계원필경, 桂苑筆耕, "Plowing the Cassia Grove with a Writing Brush"), which is ten volumes made up primarily of official letters and memorials composed while in the service of Tang. This work also includes some private prose.

paragraph: A sizable collection of Choe's poetry, which was presumably originally included in the work presented to King Heongang cited above, has come down to us through other Korean sources, primarily the "Dongmunseon", a Joseon Dynasty collection of Korean poetry. Some verses of his are also included in the 12th century "Samguk Sagi".

paragraph: Choe's surviving stele inscriptions, the so-called Sasan bimyeong (사산비명, 四山碑銘, “Four mountain steles”) are as follows (all in present-day South Korea):

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Jingamguksa bimyeong (진감국사비명, 眞鑑國師碑銘) Memorial Stele to Master Jingam [Hyeso] of Ssanggye Temple, 887, at Ssanggye Temple, South Gyeongsang province.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Daesungboksa bimyeong (대숭복사비명, 大崇福寺碑銘) Stele of Daesungbok Temple, 885, Gyeongju (not totally extant).

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Nanghyehwasang bimyeong (낭혜화상비명, 朗慧和尙碑銘) Memorial Stele to Master Ranghye of Seongju Temple, 890, at Seongju Temple, South Chungcheong province.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Jijeungdaesa bimyeong (지증대사비명, 智證大使碑銘) Memorial Stele to Master Jijeung of Pongam Temple, 924, at Mungyeong, North Gyeongsang province.

paragraph: Choe's authorship has been conjectured for the Silla Suijeon (신라수이전, 新羅殊異傳, Silla tales of wonder), the earliest and oldest known collection of Korean Buddhist tales and popular fables. The work is no longer extant but thirteen of its original stories have survived in other works. Almost all scholars agree, however, that Choe was not the author. This seems clear by the fact that one of the tales included in the collection was a fable of Choe Chiwon, the "Goun Choe Chiwon jeon" (고운 최치원전, 孤雲崔致遠傳). Likewise, in the early 20th century Choe was put forward as the author of the Yuseolgyeonghak daejang (유설경학대장, 類說經學隊仗), a Confucian pedagogical work. Based upon the nature of the language and expressions employed, scholars are also fairly unanimous in denying this to be a work of Choe.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Korean Confucianism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Munmyo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Korean philosophy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silla

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Korea-related topics

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chang, Tok-sun. “Ch’oe Ch’i-wŏn and Legendary Literature.” "Korea Journal" (August 1977):56-64.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chung, Kei-won. “Biographies of Choe Chi-won and Chung Mong-chu”. "Korean Research Bulletin" 1 (1944):21-24.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ha, Tae Hung. “The Tomb of the Twin Sisters”. In "Folk Tales of Old Korea". Seoul: Yonsei University Press:100-110. [legendary tale concerning Ch’oe during his service in China, translated from the "Sui chŏn"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jones, George Heber. “Ch'oe Ch'i-wun: His Life and Times”. "Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" 3 (1903):1-17.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mason, David A. "Solitary Sage: The Profound Life, Wisdom and Legacy of Korea's "Go-un" Choe Chi-won". Book published in March 2016, with both printed and E-book versions; 214 pages, 310 footnotes of glossary and references; many photos of historic paintings of him and sites associated with him.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryang, Key S. [Yang Ki-sŏn]. “Ch’oe Ch’i-won’s (b. 857) T’ang Poetry and its Modern Interpretation.” "Journal of Korean Studies" 5 (1996).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryang, Key S. [Yang Ki-sŏn]. “Ch’oe Ch’i-won, Silla Sasan pi’myŏng (四山碑銘: Silla’s Four Mount Steles)”. Review Article. "Journal of Korean Studies" 6 (November 1996).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryang, Key S. “Ch’oe Ch’i-won’s (b. 857) Biography and Kim Pusik’s Samguk sagi (1145)”. "Journal of Korean Studies" 8 (December 2005).

description: Korean Confucianism official, philosopher, and poet

wikidata_label: Choe Chiwon

wikipedia_title: Choe Chiwon


text:
American football
University of Illinois
Chicago Bears
National Football League
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl
defensive coordinator
St. Louis Rams
Gladewater
Big Sandy, Texas
Big Sandy
defensive end
linebacker
G. A. Moore
Celina
high school football
Miami Dolphins
David Overstreet
college football
University of Tulsa
John Cooper
All-America
defensive back
defensive coordinator
Cascia Hall Preparatory School
Tulsa
University of Tulsa
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Arizona State University
University of Kentucky
University of Tennessee
Ohio State University
linebacker
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Tony Dungy
Tampa 2
St. Louis Rams
Mike Martz
Super Bowl XXXVI
New England Patriots
Chicago Bears
Dick Jauron
Green Bay Packers
NFC North
Rex Grossman
Ron Rivera
Kyle Orton
Associated Press
NFL Coach of the Year Award
Carolina Panthers
Rex Grossman
2006 season
Seattle Seahawks
New Orleans Saints
NFC Championship
Tom Flores
Super Bowl
Indianapolis Colts
Tony Dungy
African American
Super Bowl
Super Bowl XLI
Ron Rivera
Kyle Orton
Brian Griese
Oakland Raiders
Bob Babich
Cedric Benson
Bernard Berrian
Houston Texans
Matt Forte
Rod Marinelli
Detroit Lions
Jerry Angelo
Jay Cutler
Denver Broncos
Jerry Angelo
Minnesota Vikings
Detroit Lions
Ron Turner
Jay Cutler
Jerry Angelo
Mike Martz
Phil Emery
Mike Tice
Houston Texans
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Detroit Lions
FOX Sports
Greg Schiano
University of Illinois
Rose Bowl Game
diabetes
American Diabetes Association
Grand Marshal
USG Sheetrock 400
NASCAR Nextel Cup Series
Chicagoland Speedway
Texas Sports Hall of Fame
Bubba Smith
Dave Parks
Andre Ware
Mack Brown
Fred Couples
Illinois profile

categories: People from Big Sandy, Texas,1958 births,Wisconsin Badgers football coaches,National Football League defensive coordinators,Tennessee Volunteers football coaches,African-American coaches of American football,St. Louis Rams coaches,Ohio State Buckeyes football coaches,Tulsa Golden Hurricane football players,African-American players of American football,Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches,Illinois Fighting Illini football coaches,American football linebackers,Players of American football from Texas,High school football coaches in the United States,Living people,Kentucky Wildcats football coaches,People from Gladewater, Texas,Arizona State Sun Devils football coaches,Chicago Bears head coaches,Tulsa Golden Hurricane football coaches,American football defensive backs

paragraph: Lovie Smith

paragraph: Lovie Lee Smith (born May 8, 1958) is an American football coach. He is the head football coach at the University of Illinois. He was previously the head coach of the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) from 2004 to 2012, and the NFL's Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 2014 to 2015. Smith has been to the Super Bowl twice, as the defensive coordinator for the St. Louis Rams and as the head coach for the Bears in 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Earlier life.

paragraph: Lovie Smith was born in Gladewater and raised in Big Sandy, Texas. He was named after his great aunt, Lavana.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:High school.

paragraph: During Smith's high school career at Big Sandy, he earned all-state honors for three years as a defensive end and linebacker. His team won three consecutive state championships from 1973 to 1975, including a 0–0 tie in 1974 versus G. A. Moore's Celina. In 1975, Big Sandy had one of the most dominant seasons in high school football history, as the defense allowed only 15 points (11 shutouts) all season, while the offense, featuring eventual Miami Dolphins running back David Overstreet, scored a then-national record 824 points.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:College.

paragraph: Smith played college football at University of Tulsa under head coach John Cooper. He was a two-time All-American at linebacker and defensive back.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:High school.

paragraph: After graduation, he immediately pursued a coaching career. He was hired as defensive coordinator at his Big Sandy alma mater in 1980. A year later he left for Cascia Hall Preparatory School in Tulsa in 1981 and 1982, coaching defensive backs and wide receivers.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:College assistant coach.

paragraph: In 1983, Smith began coaching linebackers on the college level, first at his alma mater the University of Tulsa (1983–86), and then at University of Wisconsin–Madison (1987), Arizona State University (1988–91), and the University of Kentucky (1992). He also served as defensive backs coach at the University of Tennessee (1993–94), and Ohio State University (1995).

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:NFL assistant coach (1996–2003).

paragraph: Smith began his NFL coaching career as a linebacker coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Under the guidance of Tony Dungy, he helped develop the Tampa 2 defense. After spending five years with Buccaneers, Smith was hired as the defensive coordinator of the St. Louis Rams under head coach Mike Martz. While in St. Louis, Smith improved the Rams defense, which went from giving up a league-worst 29.4 points per game in 2000 to an average of 17.1 points in 2001. The Rams won the 2001 NFC Championship and advanced to Super Bowl XXXVI. The team ultimately lost to the New England Patriots in one of the biggest Super Bowl upsets of all time.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:Chicago Bears head coach (2004–2012).:2004–2006.

paragraph: The Chicago Bears hired Smith as head coach in 2004, following the dismissal of Dick Jauron. Upon arriving in Chicago, Smith stated he had three goals: beat the Green Bay Packers; win the NFC North; and win a Super Bowl. He struggled during his first season with the Bears, as the installation of new offensive and defensive systems and a series of injuries, including a season-ending knee injury to starting quarterback Rex Grossman, contributed to a 5–11 record. Despite their poor offense, the Bears’ defense saw some major improvement, rising from 22nd in 2003 to 13th in 2004.

paragraph: In 2005, history repeated itself when quarterback Rex Grossman suffered a serious injury during the preseason and missed a majority of the season. Despite Grossman's loss, Smith and Ron Rivera used a dominant defense and the timely play of backup quarterback Kyle Orton to earn an 11–5 record, after starting the season with a 1–3 record. The Bears defense finished second in the league in terms of yardage, while allowing the fewest points in the league.

paragraph: The Bears’ dramatic turn around in the 2005 season earned Smith national recognition. He won the Associated Press NFL Coach of the Year Award that year. After returning to the field following their first round bye, the Bears played the Carolina Panthers, with a fully healed Rex Grossman as quarterback. Both the Bears’ offense and defense struggled to keep up with the Panthers, and eventually lost, 29–21.

paragraph: Smith and the Bears’ management drew criticism in April 2006, by trading away their first round pick and drafting five defensive players. The preseason criticism increased when he named Grossman, who struggled to move the Bears’ offense during the preseason, as the Bears' starting quarterback. Grossman led the Bears to seven consecutive victories, but struggled during the later portion of the season. Smith stood by Grossman, stating "Rex is our quarterback" when questioned by the media. The Bears finished the 2006 season with a 13–3 record, earning the NFC’s top playoff seed. The Bears finished the season with the NFL's second-ranked scoring offense, and fifth-ranked overall defense.

paragraph: Smith led the Bears to a 27–24 victory against the defending NFC champion Seattle Seahawks during the 2006 Divisional Playoffs, winning the first playoff game of his career. Later, a 39–14 victory came against the New Orleans Saints at the NFC Championship. Smith became the first African-American head coach (and the second minority coach, behind Tom Flores) to lead his team to a Super Bowl, just hours before Indianapolis Colts head coach Tony Dungy, his good friend and mentor, became the second. The friends together became the first two African American head coaches to oppose each other in a Super Bowl. The Bears lost Super Bowl XLI, 29–17.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:Chicago Bears head coach (2004–2012).:2007–2012.

paragraph: Following Chicago's successful season, Smith requested a pay raise. The lowest-paid coach in the NFL in 2006 at $1.35 million, Smith would have earned $1.45 million in the final season of a four-year contract. After a stalemate in contract negotiations, the Bears signed Smith to a new four-year contract worth $22 million on March 1. However, he parted with defensive coordinator Ron Rivera, who was not re-signed after his contract expired. Additionally, four other members of Smith's coaching staff also left the team.

paragraph: In 2007, Smith, confident in Grossman's abilities, named him the team's starting quarterback over Kyle Orton and Brian Griese. After the team started the season with a 1–2 record, Smith announced that Griese would replace Grossman. Griese led the Bears to a 2–3 record, but sustained an injury in a game against the Oakland Raiders, which allowed Grossman to become the team's starting quarterback again. However, Grossman was later injured in the season, and temporarily relieved by Griese. Smith ultimately allowed Kyle Orton to finish the remainder of the season, who led the Bears to a 2–1 record. The team's inconsistency at the quarterback position and failure to establish a proper running game contributed to the team's 7–9 finish. While the team finished last in the NFC North, Smith was pleased that the team ended the season by winning their last two games. Bob Babich, the team's defensive coordinator, was also criticized for his play calling.

paragraph: The next year, Smith and the Bears parted with their leading rusher Cedric Benson, passer Griese, and receiver Bernard Berrian. Smith declared Kyle Orton as the team's starting quarterback, who started the season with an upset victory over the Indianapolis Colts. The Bears proceeded to go 2–2, with two overtime losses. The team managed to avoid falling below .500 for the remainder of the season, but missed the playoffs after losing their season finale to the Houston Texans. Smith was pleased with the success of rookie running back Matt Forte and quarterback Kyle Orton, who finished the season with a 79.6 quarterback rating. After the season's conclusion, Smith demoted Babich and took over defensive play calling responsibilities. He was also reunited with his long-time friend, Rod Marinelli, who had lost his head coaching job with the Detroit Lions.

paragraph: Later in the offseason, Smith and general manager Jerry Angelo had conflicting views on the future of the team's quarterback position. While Smith was content with Orton, Angelo was more interested in creating a long-term solution to the position. Angelo traded Orton and the Bears' 2009 and 2010 first round draft picks for Jay Cutler of the Denver Broncos. The team's high expectations were quickly grounded when the Bears struggled in the month of November, losing four of five games. The Bears were eliminated from the playoff race for the third consecutive year after losing to the Green Bay Packers during a Week 14 matchup. The loss marked the first time that the Bears under Lovie Smith had ever lost two games to Green Bay in a single season.

paragraph: A week after the loss to Green Bay, it was reported that despite rumors about changes to the Bears coaching staff, Smith would remain the team's head coach. Jerry Angelo, the team's general manager, refused to confirm these reports when addressing the media the following Sunday. Smith finished the season with consecutive wins against the Minnesota Vikings and Detroit Lions. His victory over Detroit marked his 100th game as the team's head coach.

paragraph: After the season's conclusion, the Bears organization announced that Smith would return in 2010. However, the organization fired offensive coordinator Ron Turner and three other offensive coaches. Turner was replaced by Mike Martz, who had been the head coach of the St. Louis Rams when Smith was their defensive coordinator. Smith was relieved of his defensive play-calling responsibilities, while Babich was officially demoted as the team's defensive coordinator. The Bears would go 11–5, but lost to the Packers in the NFC Championship Game.

paragraph: In 2011, the Bears went 7–3, but after losing quarterback Jay Cutler to a broken thumb, the Bears lost five straight, a first in Smith's career, and finished 8–8. At the end of the season, general manager Jerry Angelo was fired, and offensive coordinator Mike Martz resigned. Phil Emery, who worked for Smith during the 2004 season as an area scout for the Bears, became the new Bears general manager. Bears offensive line coach Mike Tice replaced Martz at offensive coordinator. In Week 13 of the 2012 season, the Bears recorded their 300th takeaway under Smith.

paragraph: The Bears started the 2012 season on a promising note with a 7–1 record. The team's defense ranked first in takeaways, third in points allowed, and fifth in yard allowed. However, the team lost five of their next eight games. The Bears finished the season with a 10–6 record, but missed the playoffs for the fifth time in six years. On December 31, 2012 Smith was fired as head coach of the Chicago Bears. Smith departed the Bears with nine years of service, three playoff appearances, one Coach of the Year award, and one Super Bowl appearance.

paragraph: Smith's nine years with the Bears is the third-longest head coaching tenure in the team's history, after Mike Ditka (11 years) and team founder George "Papa Bear" Halas (40 years).

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:Tampa Bay head coach (2014–2015).

paragraph: On December 16, 2013, Smith was interviewed by the Houston Texans for the head coach job. Smith was also reported to be the first interview for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Detroit Lions.

paragraph: On January 1, 2014, Jay Glazer of FOX Sports reported that Smith would be the head coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, replacing Greg Schiano. This was confirmed the next day by the team. Smith had signed a five-year contract with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

paragraph: Smith was formally introduced as the 10th head coach in franchise history on Monday, January 7, 2014. Talking about his first stint with the Buccaneers, Smith said: "We did lay a foundation for Tampa Bay Buccaneer football, there's a certain brand of football that you expected from us. That would be relentless, you play hard, physical, but there was a brand of football that you did get from us each week at Raymond James Stadium. It was hard for opponents to come in and win."

paragraph: On January 6, 2016, Smith was fired by the Buccaneers after posting a record of 8-24 in his two years, including a 6–10 record in the 2015 season.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.:University of Illinois head coach (2016–present).

paragraph: On March 7, 2016, Smith was named head coach for the University of Illinois, agreeing to a contract paying $21 million over six years. The hiring of Smith caused a roar of excitement in the university community. After two predecessors who had no previous experience on the national stage, and after five years without a winning record, the acquisition of a leader who had taken a professional football team to the Super Bowl invigorated the university's football fans. Ticket sales, which following the team's 2008 Rose Bowl Game appearance had averaged more than 61,000 per game (current stadium capacity is 60,670), had plummeted to the point where only about 7,000 people actually showed up at the stadium for Tim Beckman's final home game as head coach in 2014, and pictures of the empty stands were being posted on social media by game attendees. In the 2015 season, in spite of personal appeals and campus walkabouts by then-head coach Bill Cubit, the stands averaged only about two-thirds full for the season. In the 48 hours following the announcement of the Smith hire, the university sold over 2000 new season tickets and more than 400 new student season tickets.

paragraph: When Smith's contract was approved by the university's Board of Trustees at their September 2016 meeting, $2 million of the salary was moved from the last two years of the contract and made payable in earlier years. Additionally, the contract provided for up to $8 million in performance bonuses.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lovie and his wife, MaryAnne have three sons.

paragraph: Smith, whose mother is blind because of diabetes, is an active supporter of the American Diabetes Association. He and his wife are also the founders of the "Lovie and MaryAnne Smith Foundation", a program which provides educational and life skill opportunities to worthy young people who otherwise face barriers in reaching their educational goals. He was the Grand Marshal for the USG Sheetrock 400 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series race at Chicagoland Speedway on July 15, 2007.

paragraph: Smith is a devout Christian and has contributed every month to Brown's Chapel, his former Methodist church in Texas, even though he no longer resides in Texas. In 2012, Smith was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame, along with Bubba Smith, Dave Parks, Andre Ware, Mack Brown and Fred Couples.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching tree.

paragraph: NFL head coaches under whom Smith has served:

paragraph: AAF head coaches under whom Smith has served:

paragraph: Assistant coaches under Smith who became NFL head coaches:

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Illinois profile

description: American football player and coach

wikidata_label: Lovie Smith

wikipedia_title: Lovie Smith


text:
Croatia
Ban
Croatia-Slavonia
Austria-Hungary
Habsburg
Serbia
Yugoslavia
August Cesarec
Second Balkan War

categories: People from Bjelovar,Barons of Croatia,Croatian Austro-Hungarians,1851 births,1930 deaths,Bans of Croatia

paragraph: Slavko Cuvaj

paragraph: Baron Slavko Cuvaj de Ivanska (26 February 1851 – 31 January 1931) was a Croatian politician who was Ban (viceroy) of Croatia-Slavonia and royal commissioner for Austria-Hungary.

paragraph: He was appointed in January 1912, when anti-Habsburg sentiments were on the rise in Croatia, often manifesting in sympathies for Serbia and calls for creation of Yugoslavia. Cuvaj tried to curb those trends by series of decrees directed at curbing press freedom, limiting rights of assembly and local autonomy. This created backlash in the form of strikes and demonstrations, while some young radicals engaged in terrorism. Cuvaj himself was target of two assassination attempts in 1912, the first being conducted by group including young August Cesarec. Cuvaj was relieved from his post after Second Balkan War, receiving a title of baron for his services.

description: Croatian politician

wikidata_label: Slavko Cuvaj

wikipedia_title: Slavko Cuvaj


text:
Taiheiki
bunraku
kabuki
Kanadehon Chūshingura
47 "rōnin"
Kira Yoshinaka
Moroyasu
Tadayoshi
Kannō Disturbance
Zen
Musō Soseki
Nenbutsu
Hyōgo
Mukogawa River
Kannō
Harvard University Press
OCLC 48943301
Kōdansha

paragraph: Kō no Moronao

paragraph: Moronao was an iconoclast with no intention of following tradition, particularly insofar as the Emperor was concerned. On the subject, he once said:

paragraph: What is the use of a King? Why should he live in a Palace? And why should we bow to him? If for some reason a King is needed, let us have one made of wood or metal, and let all the live Kings be banished.

paragraph: The Taiheiki, an epic dedicated to the events of this period, describes the Kō brothers as avid villains. Moronao in particular is accused of violence, greed and lewdness. Because of this reputation, in the "bunraku" and "kabuki" play "Kanadehon Chūshingura", which depicts the vendetta of the 47 "rōnin", his name is used to represent Kira Yoshinaka.

paragraph: That description is very probably accurate. Both Moronao and his brother Moroyasu during their careers were extremely useful to Takauji, but because of their violent characters they also made him many powerful enemies. Most importantly, Moronao was bitterly opposed to Takauji's younger brother Tadayoshi and his policies.

paragraph: This enmity would be the main trigger of the Kannō Disturbance, an extremely divisive and damaging civil war between Takauji and Tadayoshi with very serious repercussions for the whole country.

paragraph: Although he ultimately won, Takauji was initially defeated in March 1351 by Tadayoshi and a truce was agreed upon with the help of Zen master Musō Soseki, who was close to both sides. One of the conditions posed by Tadayoshi was that the Kō brothers would retire from politics forever and become monks, which they did. Moronao became a Zen monk and Moroyasu a member of the Nenbutsu fraternity. They later left Hyōgo for Kyoto accompanied by Takauji, but they would never arrive. The Kō were captured and then executed with many dozens of their family at the Mukogawa River by forces led by Uesugi Akiyoshi on March 25, 1351 ("Kannō 2, 27th day of the 2nd month") in revenge for their killing of Akiyoshi's father Shigeyoshi. Takauji, powerless, had to deliver them to Akiyoshi.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten (岩波日本史辞典), CD-Rom Version. Iwanami Shoten, 1999-2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 48943301

paragraph: BULLET::::- Owada, Tetsuo, Sugawara Masako and Nitō Atsushi. (2003). "Nihonshi Shoka Keizu Jimmei Jiten" (日本史諸家系図人名辞典/ 監修小和田哲男). Tokyo: Kōdansha. ;

alias:
Ko no Moronao
Kou no Moronao

description: Japanese samurai

wikidata_label: Kō no Moronao

wikipedia_title: Kō no Moronao


text:
Duke of Friuli
Lombards
Duke Pemmo
Liutprand
duke of Friuli
Slavs
Carniola
Hildeprand
Exarchate of Ravenna
Pentapolis
Perugia
Pope Zachary
Milan
Aistulf
Rome
Montecassino
Pavia
Duke of Tuscany
Desiderius
Stephen II
Pepin the Short
Paul the Deacon
Historia Langobardorum

categories: 8th-century kings of Italy,Lombard warriors,Lombard kings,8th-century Lombard people,Dukes of Friuli,Year of birth unknown,8th-century monarchs in Europe,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Ratchis

paragraph: Ratchis (also spelled "Rachis", "Raditschs", "Radics", "Radiks"; died after 757) was the Duke of Friuli (739–744) and King of the Lombards (744–749).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: His father was Duke Pemmo, and he was the nephew of Italian king Liutprand, who appointed him as duke of Friuli in 737 despite former strife with Pemmo. Rachis was married to a Roman woman named Tassia. During his rule of Friuli, he launched an expedition against the Slavs in Carniola, across the Eastern Alps, fighting personally during the battles.

paragraph: He became king of (northern) Italy in 744, after the deposition of Hildeprand, most likely with the support of the most autonomist among the Lombard dukes. Ratchis ruled initially in peace, in particular with the nearby Byzantine-ruled Exarchate of Ravenna. However, perhaps pushed by more traditional party of his followers, in 749 he invaded the Pentapolis and besieged Perugia. Pope Zachary convinced him to lift the siege, but this further reduced his authority amongst the dukes, who deposed him in the same year during an assembly held in Milan. His brother Aistulf became the new king. Ratchis initially tried to oppose the decision, but soon was forced to flee to Rome; he later entered the abbey of Montecassino with his family.

paragraph: After the death of Aistulf in 756, he tried once again to reign over the Lombards. He was able to gain control pf the royal palace in Pavia with the support of several Lombard nobles of northern Italy. However, he was defeated by the Duke of Tuscany, Desiderius, supported, among the others, by Pope Stephen II and the Frank king Pepin the Short. In 757 Ratchis retired again to a monastery, either Montecassino or Cervaro.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul the Deacon, "Historia Langobardorum" "Storia dei Longobardi"; introduzione di Claudio Leonardi; apparati critici e iconografici a cura di Roberto Cassanelli. Milan: Electa, 1985 (Latin & Italian)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jörg Jarnut, "Storia dei Longobardi", Turin: Einaudi, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sergio Rovagnati, "I Longobardi", Milan: Xenia, 2003

paragraph: BR

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Ratchis

wikipedia_title: Ratchis


text:
Brünn
Moravia
Munich
Vienna
Berlin
Rudolf del Zopp
Oskar Messter
Adolf Gärtner
Henny Porten
Gerhard Lamprecht

categories: German women screenwriters,1946 deaths,German screenwriters,People from the Margraviate of Moravia,1871 births,20th-century German actresses,German opera singers,People from Brno

paragraph: Luise del Zopp

paragraph: Luise del Zopp, birth name Aloisia Theresia Johanna Luksch, also Louise Lingg, (1871 – after 1946) was a German actress, opera singer and screenwriter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born on 16 June 1871 in Brünn (now Brno) in Austro-Hungarian Moravia, del Zopp first performed as a stage actress in her home town. Following appearances as an operetta singer in Munich and Vienna, she again appeared as a stage actress in Germany and Austria while also performing as an opera singer under the stage name Louise Lingg.

paragraph: In 1909, she settled in Berlin where she first spent two years as an operetta singer. She then met the actor and film director Rudolf del Zopp (1861–1927) whom she married. He introduced her to Germany's top filmmakers of the times, including Oskar Messter and Adolf Gärtner. She wrote the screenplay for the silent film "Adressantin verstorben" (Sender Deceased, 1911) directed by Gärtner and featuring Henny Porten.

paragraph: Luise del Zopp went on to write 41 screenplays including "Ein Fehltritt: Die Tragödie einer Geächteten" (Misstep: A Tragedy of a Female Criminal, 1911), "Sklave der Liebe" (A Slave of Love, 1912),"Die Hochzeit von Valeni" (Valeni's Wedding, 1912), and "Das Kriegslied der Rheinarmee" (The War Hymn of the Rhine Army, 1914). She also acted in "Ein Schwur" (1913) and "Er soll dein Herr sein oder - In der eigenen Schlinge gefangen" (1915).

paragraph: After her husband died in 1926, the director and critic Gerhard Lamprecht continued to support her but little is known of her later life.

alias:
Luise del Zopp
Aloisia Theresia Johanna Luksch
Louise Lingg

description: German actress and screenwriter

wikidata_label: Luise Zopp

wikipedia_title: Luise del Zopp


text: British

text: Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds

text: Foreign Secretary

text: Haileybury College

text: HM Diplomatic Service

text: Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

text: Holy See

text: Pope Pius XII

text: British Ministers to the Vatican

text: Lateran Treaty

text: Hugh O'Flaherty

text: François de Vial

text: The Scarlet and the Black

text: Gregory Peck

text: monsignor

text: Duke of Leeds

text: Protestant Cemetery, Rome

text: Order of St Michael and St George

text: 1943 Birthday Honours

text: Order of Saint John

text: Order of St. Gregory the Great

text: Owen Chadwick

text: Ford Lectures

text: Chadwick, Owen

text: D'Arcy Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds

text: genealogics.org

text: thepeerage.com

categories: Dukes of Leeds,1884 births,Knights of Grace of the Order of St John,Osborne family,1964 deaths,Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George,Place of death missing,Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Holy See,English expatriates in Italy,People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College,Diplomatic peers,Place of birth missing,Burials in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome

paragraph: D'Arcy Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds

paragraph: Francis D'Arcy Godolphin Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds, (16 September 1884 – 20 March 1964), known between 1943 and 1963 as Sir D'Arcy Osborne, was a British diplomat.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Osborne was the eldest son of Sidney Francis Godolphin Osborne and of Margaret Dulcibella, "née" Hammersley. Through his father, he was the great-great-grandson of Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds, Foreign Secretary between 1783 and 1791. He was educated at Haileybury College, before joining HM Diplomatic Service.

paragraph: In about 1919 or 1920, Osborne met Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the future Queen Elizabeth, with whom he maintained a life-long friendship and correspondence.

paragraph: Osborne was posted to Portugal (Counsellor, 1928–1929) and Italy (Counsellor, 1929–1931). He then served as British Minister at Washington (the deputy head of the British mission to the United States) from 1931 to 1935.

paragraph: Section::::Minister to the Holy See.

paragraph: Osborne was Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Holy See 1936–1947. His appointment came on the heels of Cardinal Secretary of State Pacelli's (future Pope Pius XII) complaints of the short tenure of British Ministers to the Vatican; in fact, Osborne himself waited six months after his appointment before arriving in Rome.

paragraph: When Italy declared war on the United Kingdom in 1940, Osborne, accredited to the Holy See but living in Italian territory, moved inside the Vatican according to arrangements made under the Lateran Treaty. With a few exceptions, Osborne would be immured inside the Vatican until the liberation of Rome in 1944, working under difficult conditions.

paragraph: Using the code name "Mount", he was one of the group, which he supported with his own money, led by Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty and a French diplomat François de Vial who helped conceal some 4,000 escapees, whether Jews or Allied soldiers, from the Nazis: 3,925 survived the war. Their story was portrayed in the 1983 film "The Scarlet and the Black", starring Gregory Peck. He also played a key part in a plot in 1940, which involved the Pope and certain German generals, to overthrow Hitler. Major Sam Derry, in his book "The Rome Escape Line", described meeting Sir D'Arcy in the Vatican in 1943:Unruffled poise... Seldom have I met any man in whom I had such immediate confidence. He welcomed us warmly, yet I found it impossible to behave with anything but strict formality. Apart from the restraining influence of my clothing [he was disguised as a monsignor] I was almost overwhelmed by an atmosphere of old-world English courtliness and grace which I had thought belonged only to the country-house parties of long ago. Sir D'Arcy was spry, trim, a young sixty, but he had spent years enough in the diplomatic service to develop an astonishing aptitude for creating around himself an aura of all that was most civilized in English life. I felt as though I had returned home after long travels, to find that royalty had come to dinner, and I had to be on my best behaviour.

paragraph: Following this dinner Sir D'Arcy offered Derry the command of the escape organisation.

paragraph: Section::::Post-war.

paragraph: After the war Osborne retired from the Diplomatic Service and settled in Italy, living at the Palazzo Sacchetti, 66 Via Giulia, Rome. He succeeded his second cousin once removed as Duke of Leeds in 1963. He died just a year later, at the age of seventy-nine, at which point the dukedom and all of its subsidiary titles became extinct. The Duke of Leeds is buried in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Osborne was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1930, and promoted to Knight Commander (KCMG) in the 1943 Birthday Honours, receiving the knighthood on his only trip to the United Kingdom during World War II. He was also a Knight of Grace of the Order of Saint John (KStJ) and Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great (KCSG).

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Osborne kept an extensive diary, portions of which were used by Owen Chadwick as the basis of his 1980 Ford Lectures and his 1988 book, "Britain and the Vatican during the Second World War". Chadwick's quotations from Osborne's diary included: "I reached the grave conclusion during the Mass that I am nothing but a pencilled marginal note in the Book of Life. I am not in the main text at all."

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chadwick, Owen. 1988. "Britain and the Vatican During the Second World War". Cambridge University Press.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- D'Arcy Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds

paragraph: BULLET::::- genealogics.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- thepeerage.com

description: British diplomat

wikidata_label: D'Arcy Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds

wikipedia_title: D'Arcy Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds