text:
ornithologist
Fayetteville, North Carolina
bird strikes
Meredith College
George Washington University
United States National Museum
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
National Museum of Natural History
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Bureau of Investigation
General Electric
National Transportation Safety Board
Pratt and Whitney
Rolls-Royce
Correspondence, 1962-2003
Field notes, 1950, 1975-1984
Smithsonian Institution Archives
Oral history interviews, 2001
Roxie Collie Laybourne memorial

categories: American ornithologists,20th-century American scientists,20th-century women scientists,2003 deaths,1910 births,American women scientists,Women ornithologists

paragraph: Roxie Collie Laybourne

paragraph: Roxie Collie Simpson Laybourne (September 15, 1910 – August 7, 2003) was an American ornithologist born in Fayetteville, North Carolina. Her forensic techniques for identifying species of birds involved in bird strikes led to aircraft safety improvements.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: Laybourne earned her B.A. from Meredith College in 1932 and her M.S. in plant ecology from George Washington University in 1951. She worked for the North Carolina State Museum of Natural History in its taxidermy and exhibit departments in 1932, the National Fisheries Laboratory, the United States National Museum from 1944 to 1946, and the Bird and Mammal Laboratories of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from 1946 to 1974 before retiring and joining the National Museum of Natural History as a research associate.

paragraph: During her career, Laybourne developed "the speciality of identifying dead birds from their feathers to learn what types of birds struck planes." This information was instrumental in safety improvements within the manufacturing of aircraft engines, the development of military fighter canopies, and the creation of runway management plans. Laybourne's skills in forensic ornithology helped solve around 1,000 cases of bird-related airplane crashes a year.

paragraph: In addition to her employers, Laybourne's expertise aided the Federal Aviation Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, General Electric, the National Transportation Safety Board, Pratt and Whitney, and Rolls-Royce. Her work was recognized by the Air Force Bird Strike Committee in 1966 with its lifetime achievement award.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Correspondence, 1962-2003 via National Museum of Natural History

paragraph: BULLET::::- Field notes, 1950, 1975-1984 via Smithsonian Institution Archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oral history interviews, 2001 via Smithsonian Institution Archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roxie Collie Laybourne memorial via National Museum of Natural History

paragraph: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/sidedoor/id1168154281?mt=2&i=1000433547960 Sidedoor Podcast about Roxie Laybourne, The Feather Detective from the Smithsonian Institut

alias:
Roxie Collie Simpson Laybourne
Roxie Laybourne
Roxie C. Laybourne
Roxie C Laybourne
R. C. Laybourne
R C Laybourne
R. Laybourne
R Laybourne
Laybourne
Laybourne R
Laybourne R.
Laybourne R. C.
Laybourne RC

description: American ornithologist

wikidata_label: Roxie Collie Laybourne

wikipedia_title: Roxie Collie Laybourne


text:
ice hockey
RPI Engineers
Swedish national team
2019 IIHF Women's World Championship

categories: Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the United States,Swedish expatriate ice hockey people,RPI Engineers women's ice hockey players,1996 births,People from Sollentuna,Female ice hockey goaltenders,Swedish women's ice hockey players,Living people

paragraph: Lovisa Selander

paragraph: Lovisa Selander (born 14 March 1996) is a Swedish ice hockey player for the RPI Engineers and the Swedish national team.

paragraph: She represented Sweden at the 2019 IIHF Women's World Championship.

description: Swedish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Lovisa Selander

wikipedia_title: Lovisa Selander


text: Łodygowice

text: Bielsko-Biała

text: Polish Armed Forces in the West

text: podpułkownik

text: Bielsko-Biała

text: podchorąży

text: 4 Pułk Strzelców Podhalańskich (4 PSP)

text: Cieszyn

text: Szkoła Podchorążych Piechoty

text: podporucznik

text: porucznik

text: anti-armor

text: Bieżanów

text: Łodygowice

text: ZWZ

text: Pilsko

text: Budapest

text: Yugoslavia

text: Split

text: Lebanon

text: Syria

text: Tobruk

text: Władysław Sikorski

text: kapitan

text: Ain-el-Ghazala

text: Military Cross

text: Cross of Valour

text: 1 Karpacki Pułk Artylerii Lekkiej

text: Monte Cassino

text: Pesaro

text: Ancona

text: Osimo

text: Gothic Line

text: Brisighella

text: Montefortino

text: Virtuti Militari

text: 3 Dywizja Strzelców Karpackich

text: Centralny Urząd Planowania

text: PKPG

text: Order of Polonia Restituta

text: podpułkownik

text: Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari

text: Cross of Valour (Poland)

text: Monte Cassino Commemorative Cross

text: Military Cross

text: Italy Star

text: Africa Star

text: 1939-1945 Star

categories: Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta,1912 births,Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari,Polish Army officers,Recipients of the Military Cross,Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland),1991 deaths

paragraph: Wojciech Kania

paragraph: Wojciech Kania (b. in Łodygowice, d. in Bielsko-Biała) – major of Polish Armed Forces in the West, promoted to the rank of podpułkownik after the war.

paragraph: Kania was a son of Józef and Katarzyna (née Duraj). In 1932 he graduated from gymnasium (now I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Mikołaja Kopernika w Bielsku-Białej) in Bielsko-Biała and joined the military service. He completed the Dywizyjny Kurs Podchorążych (division podchorąży course) while assigned to the 4 Pułk Strzelców Podhalańskich (4 PSP) in Cieszyn, and then joined the Szkoła Podchorążych Piechoty school. After graduating in 1935 he obtained the rank of podporucznik and was assigned to the 4 PSP.

paragraph: In September 1939, in the rank of porucznik, he commanded an anti-armor company of the 4 PSP. On 16 September he was captured after a battle fought near Dzikowo. After seven days of captivity he escaped from a train transport near Bieżanów and returned to his home region.

paragraph: In Łodygowice he engaged in underground activity of the ZWZ. On 13 January 1940 he tried to escape from the country crossing the border near the mountain of Pilsko but was captured by Slovakian police and sent back. In March, after the Easter, he tried to escape again. He managed to get to Budapest and acquire false identity documents there. Through Yugoslavia he got to Split and from there to Lebanon on board of the Greek ship "Patris".

paragraph: In Syria he joined the Samodzielna Brygada Strzelców Karpackich which was later transferred to Tobruk, where he organised the anti-tank defence. During the inspection of general Władysław Sikorski in November 1941 he got promoted to the rank of kapitan. On 17 December 1941 he was severely injured in battle near Ain-el-Ghazala.

paragraph: In February 1942 he returned to active duty rewarded with the Military Cross and twice with a Cross of Valour ("Krzyż Walecznych") for his actions. From September 1942 he was in command of anti-tank artillery division, first in the 1 Karpacki Pułk Artylerii Lekkiej and then in the 3 Karpacki Pułk Artylerii Przeciwpancernej. In Italy he took part in the battles of Monte Cassino, Pesaro, Ancona, Osimo, Gothic Line, Brisighella and Montefortino. For the Battle of Monte Cassino, he was awarded another Cross of Valour and, for the Montefortino battle, with the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari. In January 1945 he was promoted to the rank of major and took a position as second-in-command of the 8th Battalion of 3 Dywizja Strzelców Karpackich.

paragraph: After Germany's surrender he remained in service in Italy. In 1946 he was transferred to England and in 1947 he returned to Poland. He worked in Centralny Urząd Planowania and then, after having taken an administration course, in the PKPG. In 1950 he was released from duty; afterwards, he worked in a construction materials plant till retirement.

paragraph: He was a chairman of a local veterans' society. In 1967 he received a second Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari for the battles that took place in September 1939. In January 1981 he received the Officer's Cross of Order of Polonia Restituta ("Order Odrodzenia Polski"). During that time he was also promoted to the rank of podpułkownik. He died on 5 May 1991 and was buried at a cemetery in Bielsko-Biała with his wife Bronisława (née Rudomino-Dusiacka).

paragraph: Section::::Decorations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari – twice

paragraph: BULLET::::- Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta ("Order Odrodzenia Polski")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cross of Valour (Poland) ("Krzyż Walecznych"), three times

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monte Cassino Commemorative Cross

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military Cross (United Kingdom)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Italy Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- Africa Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1939-1945 Star

description: military leader

wikidata_label: Wojciech Kania

wikipedia_title: Wojciech Kania


text:
Joseph the Hymnographer
liturgical book
Parakletike
Vita prima
Palestine
Jerusalem
Monastery of Mar Sabba
Bethlehem
Jerusalem
Rome
Patriarch of Jerusalem
Pope
Franks
filioque
Benedictines
Constantinople
Iconoclasm
Theophilus
iambic
Apamea
Bithynia
consecrated
abbot
Monastery of Chora
Lavra
canons
Andrew of Crete
Kosmas of Maïouma
John of Damascus
Eight Tones
Angels
Departed
acrostic
Theodorus and Theophanes

wikipedia_title:
Joseph the Hymnographer
Liturgical book
Octoechos (liturgy)
Hagiography
Palestine (region)
Jerusalem
Mar Saba
Bethlehem
Jerusalem
Rome
Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem
Pope
Franks
Filioque
Benedictines
Constantinople
Iconoclasm
Theophilos (emperor)
Iamb (poetry)
Apamea Myrlea
Bithynia
Consecration
Abbot
Chora Church
Lavra
Canon (hymnography)
Andrew of Crete
Cosmas of Maiuma
John of Damascus
Octoechos
Angel
Prayer for the dead
Acrostic
Theodorus and Theophanes

categories: 9th-century Byzantine monks,9th-century Christian saints,Bishops of Nicaea,Byzantine saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church,775 births,845 deaths,9th-century Byzantine bishops

paragraph: Theophanes the Branded

paragraph: Theophanes the Branded also called Theophanes Graptus or Theophanes of Nicaea (775 - 845) was a Byzantine monk and hymnographer.

paragraph: Next to Joseph the Hymnographer, Theophanes is the major contributor to the Orthodox liturgical book called the "Parakletike".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His "Vita prima" was recorded in the "Life of Michael the Synkellos". Theophanes and his brother Theodore were born in Palestine near the end of the eighth century, sons of the Venerable Jonah the Presbyter. Both grew up in Jerusalem, entered the Monastery of Mar Sabba near Bethlehem together, and became disciples of St. Michael the Synkellos. In 813 Michael and his two disciples left Jerusalem originally on a journey to Rome. They had been sent by the Patriarch of Jerusalem to support the Pope in his stand against the Franks over the question of the filioque, which some Benedictines from the West had recently introduced to Jerusalem.

paragraph: In the course of their journey, they landed in Constantinople. Known for their support of the Seventh Ecumenical Council, which had condemned Iconoclasm as a heresy, they were detained, interrogated, beaten and imprisoned by order of the Emperor Leo V (the Armenian) in 815. During the whole of the second iconoclast period—nearly thirty years—they suffered at various times exile, imprisonment and torture. The Emperor Theophilus beat them with his own hand and ordered that they be branded on their faces with twelve lines of ‘badly composed’— the emperor’s own words —, if metrically correct, quantitative iambic verses. The ordeal took two days.

paragraph: They were thrown into prison in the town of Apamea in Bithynia, where Theodore died in prison of his wounds in 841. Michael and his brother Theophanes survived to see Orthodoxy triumph over Iconoclasm. Theophanes was consecrated as Metropolitan of Nicaea by Patriarch Methodius, and Michael was made abbot of the Monastery of Chora, where he died, just two months after Theophanes, in January 846.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: As a hymnographer, Theophanes belongs to the tradition of the Lavra of Mar Sabbas, which includes many of the greatest writers of canons, including St Andrew of Crete, St Kosmas of Maïouma and St John of Damascus.

paragraph: His contribution to the "Parakletike" consists of sets of canons in all Eight Tones for the Angels, and the Departed. He is sometimes said also to have written a set for the Apostles, but those in Tones 7 and 8 are ascribed to Joseph in the Paraklitiki, that in Tone 7 being ‘signed’ acrostically in the Ninth Ode. Not all of these are ‘signed’ in the acrostic, but that for the Angels in Tone 1 has as its acrostic the following, ‘The first hymn of Theophanes for the Angels’, while that for the departed in Tone 5 has, ‘The fifth canon of Theophanes for the dead’. Unfortunately none of these texts has been critically edited and the printed service books often differ widely in their ascriptions.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theodorus and Theophanes - a Wikipedia article about him and his brother Theodorus

description: Byzantine monk and hymnographer

wikidata_label: Theophanes the Branded

wikipedia_title: Theophanes the Branded


text:
Kultura
Polish-Lithuanian
Moscow
October Revolution
Polish–Soviet War
Warsaw
gymnasium
University of Warsaw
interwar Poland
Ukrainians
Roman Catholic Church
Greek Catholic Church
Józef Piłsudski
National Democrats
World War II
Władysław Anders
Polish Army
Paris
edited
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Yalta Conference
Giedroyc-Mieroszewski doctrine
Juliusz Mieroszewski
Maisons-Laffitte
Yvelines
Île-de-France
France
Sejm
Giedroyc Doctrine
Jerzy Giedroyc Literary Award
Correspondences between Giedroyc and
Melchior Wańkowicz
Sarmatian Review

categories: Legion of Honour recipients,Polish male writers,Polish opinion journalists,People from Minsk,Polish activists,Polish memoirists,1906 births,Giedraitis family,2000 deaths

paragraph: Jerzy Giedroyc

paragraph: Jerzy Władysław Giedroyc (; 27 July 1906 – 14 September 2000) was a Polish writer and political activist and for many years editor of the highly influential Paris-based periodical, "Kultura".

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Giedroyć was born into a Polish-Lithuanian noble family, with the title of "kniaź", prince. His schooling in Moscow was interrupted by the October Revolution, when he returned home to Minsk. During the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921 his family left Minsk for Warsaw, where he finished the Jan Zamoyski gymnasium in 1924. He went on to study law and Ukrainian history and literature at the University of Warsaw. As a journalist and civil servant in interwar Poland, he maintained contacts with leading Ukrainians and urged the Roman Catholic Church to improve relations with the Greek Catholic Church to which most Ukrainians belonged, insisting that Poland's success as a national state depended on satisfying the aspirations of minorities so that minority nationalists would not have convincing arguments against Polish statehood. He thus took the side of Józef Piłsudski as against the National Democrats. In 1930 he took over as editor of the weekly "Dzień Akademicki" ("Academic Day") which he soon transformed into the biweekly "Bunt Młodych", renaming it "Polityka" in 1937.

paragraph: During World War II he served under General Władysław Anders in the Polish Army and kept up friendly contacts with representatives of other nationalities. After the war he moved to Paris, where he published and edited a leading Polish-émigré literary-political journal, "Kultura" (1947–2000), which promoted a peaceful settlement of Poland's eastern borders, and accepted the results of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the Yalta Conference, the (Giedroyc-Mieroszewski doctrine), even though many Poles regarded these as betrayals of Poland. This helped to lay the groundwork for Poland's successful eastern policy after the fall of communism. His closest collaborator was Juliusz Mieroszewski, who provided the theoretical justification for Polish recognition of the borders with Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania (whose future independence he predicted long before it came about).

paragraph: He died in Maisons-Laffitte, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France.

paragraph: In 2006 the Polish Sejm declared the year 2006 as the "Year of Jerzy Giedroyć."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giedroyc Doctrine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jerzy Giedroyc Literary Award

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Correspondences between Giedroyc and Melchior Wańkowicz "Sarmatian Review" September 1999

description: Polish writer and political activist

wikidata_label: Jerzy Giedroyc

wikipedia_title: Jerzy Giedroyc


text:
music label
only in dreams
New Order
Waiting for the Sirens' Call
Special Others
Feeder
Generation Freakshow
Discography at RateYourMusic
Only in Dreams label
Asian Kung-Fu Generation

categories: 1976 births,Japanese male rock singers,Asian Kung-Fu Generation members,Living people,Japanese rock guitarists,Japanese songwriters

paragraph: Masafumi Gotoh

paragraph: In 2010, Gotoh launched his own music label, only in dreams In 2012, he started solo project with released a single, "Lost", under the name Gotch. In 2014, he released his debut solo album, "Can't Be Forever Young" and released live album called, "Live in Tokyo". In 2016, he released his second solo album, "Good New Times", with most songs used English lyrics.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Order – "Waiting for the Sirens' Call" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Downer – "Rising" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Special Others – "Special Others" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Feeder – "Generation Freakshow" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chatmonchy – "Kirakira Hikare" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chatmonchy – "Henshin" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Downer – "Gensō no Maboroshi" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Chef Cooks Me – "Kaitentai" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ART-SCHOOL – "YOU" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ovall - "Nadaraka Yoru" (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dance stage - "MeMe" (2019)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Navahand – "Vandalism" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discography at RateYourMusic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Only in Dreams label

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asian Kung-Fu Generation

description: Japanese musician

wikidata_label: Masafumi Gotoh

wikipedia_title: Masafumi Gotoh


text:
Russian
N.S.
O.S.
Moscow Governorate
Novosibirsk
Moscow
Novosibirsk
USSR
mathematician
decidability
algebraic group
Malcev algebra
Lie algebra
Malcev Lie algebra
Moscow State University
Mathematics
Ivanovo Pedagogical Institute
Ivanovo
Kolmogorov
logic
model theory
embedding
ring
field
semigroup
group
Steklov Institute
USSR Academy of Sciences
Ivanovo Pedagogical
group theory
linear group
Lie group
topological algebra
Lie group–Lie algebra correspondence
Soviet Academy of Sciences
Novosibirsk State University
Igor Lavrov
Larisa Maksimova
Dmitry Smirnov
Mikhail Taitslin
Yuri Ershov
model theory
decidability of elementary theories
decidability
finite group
nilpotent group
soluble group
Stalin Prize
Lenin Prize
Algebra i Logika
Hahn–Mal'cev–Neumann series
Malcev algebra
Malcev Lie algebra
Malcev-admissible algebra

categories: Soviet mathematicians,Novosibirsk State University faculty,Moscow State University alumni,Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences,1909 births,Lenin Prize winners,Model theorists,Stalin Prize winners,Russian mathematicians,1967 deaths

paragraph: Anatoly Maltsev

paragraph: Anatoly Ivanovich Maltsev (also: Malcev, Mal'cev; Russian: Анато́лий Ива́нович Ма́льцев; 27 November N.S./14 November O.S. 1909, Moscow Governorate – 7 June 1967, Novosibirsk) was born in Misheronsky, near Moscow, and died in Novosibirsk, USSR. He was a mathematician noted for his work on the decidability of various algebraic groups. Malcev algebras (generalisations of Lie algebras), as well as Malcev Lie algebras are named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: At school, Maltsev demonstrated an aptitude for mathematics, and when he left school in 1927, he went to Moscow State University to study Mathematics. While he was there, he started teaching in a secondary school in Moscow. After graduating in 1931, he continued his teaching career and in 1932 was appointed as an assistant at the Ivanovo Pedagogical Institute located in Ivanovo, near Moscow.

paragraph: Whilst teaching at Ivanovo, Maltsev made frequent trips to Moscow to discuss his research with Kolmogorov. Maltsev's first publications were on logic and model theory. Kolmogorov soon invited him to join his graduate programme at Moscow University, and, maintaining his post at Ivanovo, Maltsev effectively became Kolmogorov's student.

paragraph: In 1937, Maltsev published a paper on the embedding of a ring in a field. Two years later, he published a second paper where he gave necessary and sufficient conditions for a semigroup to be embeddable in a group.

paragraph: Between 1939 and 1941, he studied for his doctorate at the Steklov Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, with a dissertation on the "Structure of isomorphic representable infinite algebras and groups".

paragraph: In 1944, Maltsev became a professor at the Ivanovo Pedagogical Institute where he continued to work on group theory and linear groups in particular. He also studied Lie groups and topological algebras. He generalized the Lie group–Lie algebra correspondence; his generalization is now known as the Mal'cev correspondence.

paragraph: In 1958, Maltsev became an Academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: In 1960, he was appointed to a chair in mathematics at the Mathematics Institute at Novosibirsk and chaired the Algebra and Logic Department of Novosibirsk State University. He founded the Siberian section of the Mathematics Institute of the Academy of Sciences, the Siberian Mathematical Society and the journal "Algebra i Logika". Maltsev also founded the "Algebra and Logic Seminar" attended by his students Igor Lavrov, Larisa Maksimova, Dmitry Smirnov, Mikhail Taitslin, and A. Vinogradov, as well as by Yuri Ershov and others. This seminar, in essence, started a new and extremely fruitful school in model theory and decidability of elementary theories.

paragraph: During the early 1960s, Maltsev worked on problems of decidability of elementary theories of various algebraic structures. He showed the undecidability of the elementary theory of finite groups, of free nilpotent groups, of free soluble groups and many others. He also proved that the class of locally free algebras has a decidable theory.

paragraph: Maltsev received many honours, including the Stalin Prize in 1946 and Lenin Prize in 1964. In 1962 he founded the mathematical journal "Algebra i Logika".

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Algebraic Systems" by A.I. Mal'cev, Springer-Verlag, 1973,

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The metamathematics of algebraic systems, collected papers:1936-1967" by A.I. Malcev, Amsterdam, North-Holland Pub. Co., 1971, (xvii+494 p.; trans., ed. and provided with additional notes by Benjamin Franklin Wells, III)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Algorithms and recursive functions" by A. I. Malcev, Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff Pub. Co. 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Foundations of linear algebra" by A. I. Malcev, San Francisco, W.H. Freeman, 1963 (xi+304 p. illus.; trans. by Thomas Craig Brown; ed. by J. B. Roberts)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hahn–Mal'cev–Neumann series

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malcev algebra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malcev Lie algebra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malcev-admissible algebra

description: Russian mathematician

wikidata_label: Anatoly Maltsev

wikipedia_title: Anatoly Maltsev


text:
composer
Transylvanian Saxon
lute
Renaissance
Brassó
Transylvania
Kingdom of Hungary
Brașov
Romania
Transylvanian Saxon
Buda
John Zápolya
Italy
Paris
Jagiellon Poland
Sigismund II Augustus
Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
Vilnius
Vienna
Padua
plague
fantasie
madrigal
chanson
motet
polyphonic
Josquin des Prez
Clemens non Papa
Nicolas Gombert
Orlando di Lasso
Stanley Sadie
John Tyrrell
Gustave Reese

categories: 16th-century deaths from plague (disease),16th-century classical composers,1507 births,16th-century Hungarian people,Composers for lute,1576 deaths,Renaissance composers,Infectious disease deaths in Italy,Hungarian lutenists,People from Brașov,Hungarian expatriates in Italy,Hungarian expatriates in Poland,Hungarian male classical composers

paragraph: Bálint Bakfark

paragraph: Bálint Bakfark (; in contemporary sources Valentin Bakfark or (from 1565 onward) Valentin Greff alias Bakfark, his name is variously spelled as "Bacfarc", "Bakfarc", "Bakfarkh", "Bakffark", "Backuart") (1526–30 – 15 or 22 August 1576) was a Hungarian composer of Transylvanian Saxon origin, and lutenist of the Renaissance. He was enormously influential as a lutenist in his time, and renowned as a virtuoso on the instrument.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in Brassó, Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Brașov in Romania), into a family of Transylvanian Saxon origin. An orphan, he was brought up by the Greff family and was educated in Buda at the court of John Zápolya. Bakfark remained there until 1540, though he possibly traveled to Italy once during this time.

paragraph: Sometime in the 1540s he traveled to Paris, but, finding the position of lutenist to the king filled, he left for Jagiellon Poland in 1549, where he was employed as a court lutenist by Sigismund II Augustus. From then until 1566, he traveled extensively around Europe, with his renown increasing, but remained faithful to his employer in spite of numerous efforts by other monarchs to win him away; the riches bestowed on him by Sigismund may have affected his decision to remain attached to the court of Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania in Vilnius.

paragraph: What happened to him in 1566 is not precisely known, but he clearly did something to provoke the wrath of the king, and scarcely had time to flee before Polish army troops ransacked his house and destroyed his possessions. After this, he lived for a while in Vienna and then returned to Transylvania, but not for long; in 1571 he moved to Padua in Italy, where he remained until his death during the plague of 1576.

paragraph: As was common practice at the time, all the possessions of plague victims were destroyed by fire, so most of his manuscript music was lost.

paragraph: Section::::Music and influence.

paragraph: While Bakfark almost certainly wrote an enormous amount of music, very little was printed: a commonly given reason was that it was simply too difficult for others to play. His surviving works include ten fantasies, seven madrigals, eight chansons, and fourteen motets—all in amazingly faithful polyphonic arrangements for lute alone. Additionally, he transcribed vocal motets by contemporary composers such as Josquin des Prez, Clemens non Papa, Nicolas Gombert, and Orlando di Lasso into arrangements for the lute.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article "Bálint Bakfark", in: "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", ed. Stanley Sadie, 20 vols. (London, Macmillan, 1980); .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Király, "Bakfark [Bacfarc, Bakfarc, Bakfarkh, Bakffark] [Greff alias Bakfark, Greff Bakfark], Valentin", in "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell, 29 vols. (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustave Reese: "Music in the Renaissance" (New York, W. W. Norton & Co., 1954); .

alias:
Valentí Greff
Balint Bakfark
Valenti Greff

description: Hungarian musician

wikidata_label: Bálint Bakfark

wikipedia_title: Bálint Bakfark


text:
Argentine American
bass guitar
vocalist
violinist
alternative rock
Pixies
Entrance
A Perfect Circle
Zwan
Queens of the Stone Age
Armenian
French
Argentine
Los Angeles
California
Spanish
English
violin
Ana Lenchantin
Billy Howerdel
Josh Freese
Troy Van Leeuwen
Maynard James Keenan
A Perfect Circle
Mer de Noms
Thirteenth Step
Billy Corgan
Jimmy Chamberlin
Matt Sweeney
David Pajo
Zwan
Melissa Auf der Maur
Smashing Pumpkins
Hole
Samantha Maloney
Radio Sloan
The Need
supergroup
eMOTIVe
"Billboard" 200
aMOTION
The Entrance Band
Prayer of Death
Pixies
Kim Deal
Kim Shattuck
Queens of the Stone Age
Songs for the Deaf
Papa M
Silver Jews
Tanglewood Numbers
Jennifer Herrema
Royal Trux
Trust Company
The Lonely Position Of Neutral
Kaura
Jarboe
Swans
Brightblack Morning Light
Matador Records
Michael Mann
Miami Vice
Melissa Auf der Maur
Auf der Maur
Ashes Divide
Jenny Lewis
Acid Tongue
Into The Presence
A Perfect Circle
Mer de Noms
Thirteenth Step
eMOTIVe
Amotion
Pixies
Indie Cindy
Head Carrier
Beneath The Eyrie
Ashes Divide
Keep Telling Myself It's Alright
Brightblack Morning Light
Brightblack Morning Light
Entrance
Prayer of Death
The Entrance Band
Fine Flow
Jenny Lewis
Acid Tongue
Josephine Foster
Blood Rushing
Kaura
Melissa Auf der Maur
Auf Der Maur
Queens of the Stone Age
Songs for the Deaf
Silver Jews
Tanglewood Numbers
Trust Company
The Lonely Position of Neutral
Zwan
Mary Star of the Sea
Jarboe
The Men Album
Yellow mY skYcaptain
Songs for Luci
Paz Lenchantin
Myspace

categories: 21st-century American bass guitarists,American rock violinists,1973 births,American rock musicians,Pixies (band) members,Silver Jews members,A Perfect Circle members,Female bass guitarists,21st-century American singers,21st-century American women singers,Argentine rock musicians,Hispanic and Latino American musicians,Argentine bass guitarists,Alternative rock bass guitarists,Living people,Alternative metal bass guitarists,Argentine people of French descent,People from Mar del Plata,Zwan members,Argentine emigrants to the United States,Argentine people of Armenian descent,American female singers,Female rock singers,American bass guitarists

paragraph: Paz Lenchantin

paragraph: Paz Lenchantin (born December 12, 1973) is an Argentine American musician. She has been the bass guitarist, vocalist and violinist of the alternative rock band Pixies since 2014. She is known for playing bass or strings with various bands, including Entrance, A Perfect Circle, Zwan, and Queens of the Stone Age.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Lenchantin, who is of Armenian, French and Argentine ancestry, moved to Los Angeles, California, with her family at the age of four. Her father is classical pianist Mario Merdirossian. She speaks fluent Spanish and English. She began playing piano at age five. She then took violin lessons at age eight and taught herself how to play guitar at age 12. Her sister Ana Lenchantin is a musician and a frequent collaborator. She also frequently collaborated with her brother Luciano Lenchantin before his death in 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.

paragraph: Lenchantin joined Billy Howerdel, Josh Freese, Troy Van Leeuwen, and Maynard James Keenan in the band A Perfect Circle. She contributed to their albums, "Mer de Noms" and "Thirteenth Step". Lenchantin later left the group to join with Billy Corgan, Jimmy Chamberlin, Matt Sweeney, and David Pajo in the band Zwan. In 2002, Lenchantin, Melissa Auf der Maur (Smashing Pumpkins and Hole), Samantha Maloney, and Radio Sloan (The Need) created a new band called The Chelsea. The all-female supergroup played only one show on February 2, 2002 before going their separate ways. An audience recording of said show was later bootlegged. Lenchantin returned to play strings and piano with A Perfect Circle in recording their cover album "eMOTIVe", released November 2, 2004 and debuting at #2 on the "Billboard" 200. She also contributed a solo cover of the song "The Hollow" to A Perfect Circle's CD/DVD release, "aMOTION". Since 2005, Lenchantin has been collaborating with The Entrance Band on their album "Prayer of Death", as co- producer as well as contributing bass and violin. She also appeared on the previous Entrance album "Wandering Stranger" (2004). She is now a seemingly permanent member of the Entrance Band.

paragraph: Since 2012 winter, Paz has been touring with Josephine Foster supporting the "Blood Rushing" album promotion. In December 2013, Lenchantin was announced as the new touring bassist for the Pixies, in replacement of founding band member Kim Deal and touring bassist Kim Shattuck, for their 2014 tour. In July 2016, Lenchantin confirmed that she is now a full-time member of the Pixies.

paragraph: Section::::Musical career.:Other appearances.

paragraph: Lenchantin also played strings on a song on the Queens of the Stone Age's album, "Songs for the Deaf". She has played with David Pajo in Papa M, and contributed fiddle on the Silver Jews record, "Tanglewood Numbers". She has toured with RTX/Jennifer Herrema of Royal Trux. In 2002, she performed on Trust Company's album The Lonely Position Of Neutral. In 2005 she played violin on the Kaura track "Dividing Lines". She has also contributed to and toured with Jarboe of Swans. In 2000, she appeared in A Perfect Circle's "Judith" music video as bassist. Lenchantin also played bass on Brightblack Morning Light's 2006 self-titled album on Matador Records. She worked with director Michael Mann on his film "Miami Vice" contributing violin on several scenes. She contributed playing strings on Melissa Auf der Maur's first solo album "Auf der Maur". In 2008, Paz co-wrote the Ashes Divide song "Denial Waits", and she played violin on Jenny Lewis' second studio album Acid Tongue. She appeared on Into The Presence's 2009 album, playing the bass.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With A Perfect Circle

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mer de Noms" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thirteenth Step" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "eMOTIVe" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amotion" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Pixies

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Indie Cindy" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Head Carrier" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beneath The Eyrie" (2019) (Bass, backing vocals)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Ashes Divide

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Keep Telling Myself It's Alright" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Brightblack Morning Light

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brightblack Morning Light" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Entrance

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wandering Stranger" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prayer of Death" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Entrance Band" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fine Flow" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Jenny Lewis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Acid Tongue" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Josephine Foster

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blood Rushing" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Kaura

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kaura EP" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Melissa Auf der Maur

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Auf Der Maur" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Queens of the Stone Age

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs for the Deaf" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Silver Jews

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tanglewood Numbers" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Trust Company

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lonely Position of Neutral" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Zwan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mary Star of the Sea" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Jarboe

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Men Album" (2005)

paragraph: Section::::Solo discography.

paragraph: Lenchantin has produced two solo albums, both of which were made available through her MySpace page.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yellow mY skYcaptain" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs for Luci" (2006)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paz Lenchantin on Myspace

description: musician

wikidata_label: Paz Lenchantin

wikipedia_title: Paz Lenchantin


text:
San Francisco, California
Margaret Post Van Alen
Peder Sather
SS "Arabic"
Alfred Stieglitz
San Francisco
Panama–California Exposition
New York City
Vanity Fair
Vogue
Harper's Bazaar
New York Theatre Guild
Rosalinde Fuller
Man Ray
Sebastian Droste
Oswell Blakeston
World War II
Bruguière - Still Photograph Archive

categories: Artists from San Francisco,American people of French descent,American people of Norwegian descent,Photographers from California,1945 deaths,1879 births

paragraph: Francis Bruguière

paragraph: Francis Joseph Bruguière (15 October 1879 – 8 May 1945) was an American photographer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Francis Bruguière was born in San Francisco, California, to Emile Antoine Bruguière (1849–1900) and Josephine Frederikke (Sather) Bruguière (1845–1915). He was the youngest of four sons born into a wealthy banking family and was privately educated. His brothers were painter and physician Peder Sather Bruguière (1874–1967), Emile Antoine Bruguiere Jr. (1877–1935), and Louis Sather Bruguière (1882–1954), who married wealthy heiress Margaret Post Van Alen. He was also a grandson of banker Peder Sather. His mother died in the 1915 sinking of the British ocean liner SS "Arabic" by a German submarine.

paragraph: In 1905, having studied painting in Europe, Bruguière became acquainted with photographer and modern art promoter Alfred Stieglitz (who accepted him as a Fellow of the Photo-secession), and set up a studio in San Francisco, recording in a pictorialist style images of the city after the earthquake and fire; some of them were reproduced in a book called "San Francisco" in 1918. He co-curated the photographic exhibition at the 1915 Panama–California Exposition in San Diego, and nine of his photographs were included in "The Evanescent City" (1916) by George Sterling.

paragraph: In 1918, following the decline of the family fortune, he moved to New York City where he made his living by photographing for "Vanity Fair", "Vogue", and "Harper's Bazaar". Soon he was appointed the official photographer of the New York Theatre Guild. In this role he photographed the British stage actress Rosalinde Fuller, who was debuting in "What's in a Name?" (1920), and she partnered him for the rest of his life.

paragraph: Throughout his life, Bruguière experimented with multiple-exposure, solarization (years ahead of Man Ray), original processes, abstracts, photograms, and the response of commercially available film to light of various wavelengths. Until his one-man show at the Art Centre of New York in 1927, he showed this work only to friends. In the mid-1920s, he planned to make a film called "The Way", depicting stages in a man's life, to be played by Sebastian Droste with Rosalinde doing all the female parts. To obtain funding, Bruguière took photographs of projected scenes, but Droste died before filming started; so we are left with only the still pictures.

paragraph: In 1927 they moved to London, where Bruguière co-created the first British abstract film, "Light Rhythms", with Oswell Blakeston. Long thought to have been lost, it has now been recovered.

paragraph: During World War II, he returned to painting.

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enyeart, James (1977) "Bruguière: His Photographs and His Life" (New York: Alfred A. Knopf)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruguière - Still Photograph Archive

alias:
Francis Joseph Bruguière
Francis Joseph Bruguiere
Francis J. Bruguière
Francis Bruguiere
Francis Brugière
Francis J. Bruguiere
Francis Brugiere

description: American photographer

wikidata_label: Francis Bruguière

wikipedia_title: Francis Bruguière


text:
House of Commons
Queen Henrietta Maria
Mamhead
Middle Temple
recorder
Member of Parliament
Tiverton
Short Parliament
Queen Henrietta Maria
Oxford University
Sir William Cooke
William
Peter

categories: 17th-century English lawyers,English MPs 1628–1629,Year of birth missing,English MPs 1626,People of the Stuart period,Members of the Middle Temple,1680 deaths

paragraph: Peter Ball (MP)

paragraph: Sir Peter Ball (died 1680) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1626 and 1640. He was attorney general to Queen Henrietta Maria.

paragraph: Ball was the son of Giles Ball of Mamhead, Devon. He was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1623 and became recorder of Exeter. He was elected Member of Parliament for Tiverton in 1626 and was re-elected in 1628. He sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years. In 1636, he became an associate to the bench.

paragraph: In April 1640, Ball was re-elected MP for Tiverton in the Short Parliament. He then became attorney-general to Queen Henrietta Maria and was Lent reader in 1641. He was knighted at Oxford on 7 October 1643 and was awarded D.C.L. at Oxford University on 19 February 1644.

paragraph: Ball died in 1680 and was buried at Mamhead on 4 September 1680.

paragraph: Ball married Ann Cooke, daughter of Sir William Cooke, of Gloucestershire. They had seventeen children including William the astronomer and Peter the physician.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Image of Ball arms "Argent, a chevron gules between three fire balls proper" (19th c. stained glass), Mamhead Church

description: English lawyer and politician

wikidata_label: Peter Ball

wikipedia_title: Peter Ball (MP)


text: Fall River

text: Louis E. Destremps

text: New Bedford

text: Newport, Rhode Island

text: Kingston, Rhode Island

text: Napoléon Bourassa

text: Joseph Venne

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

text: Jesus of Mary Convent

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

text: St. Joseph's Orphanage

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

text: St. Anthony of Padua Church

text: New Bedford, Massachusetts

text: Joseph Venne

text: Notre Dame School

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

text: Fitchburg, Massachusetts

text: Bark Street School

text: Swansea, Massachusetts

text: Notre Dame de Lourdes Church

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

text: St. Anne's Church

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

text: Napoléon Bourassa

text: Fall River, Massachusetts

categories: 1930 deaths,Architects of Roman Catholic churches,19th-century American architects,People from Fall River, Massachusetts,20th-century American architects,1851 births,People from Lanaudière,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American ecclesiastical architects

paragraph: Louis G. Destremps

paragraph: Section::::Early life and architectural training.

paragraph: Destremps, was born in St. Cuthbert, Berthier county, Province of Quebec, Canada May 9, 1851. He received his early educational training in his native town finishing in 1866 and for two years studied at the Trade School of the City of Montreal. In 1868, he came to the United States and worked for about seven years as a cabinet maker, returning in 1875 to Montreal, where he was employed in the engineering construction department of the grand Trunk Railroad between Montreal and Quebec City. In 1880, he went to New York City to study architecture at Sixth Avenue High School, from which he graduated, completing the 4-year course.

paragraph: In 1874, Destremps married Celina Mary Millet of Fall River. Together they had six children, including Louis E. Destremps who would later follow his father's profession and establish his own practice in the New Bedford area.

paragraph: Section::::Architectural practice.

paragraph: In 1885, Destremps moved to Fall River and set up his architectural firm. Between 1888 and 1889, he relocated temporarily to Newport, Rhode Island, where he was architect for the State Agricultural College at Kingston, Rhode Island. In later years he would design many notable structures in Fall River.

paragraph: Destremps was frequently employed as supervising architect for the work of other architects, including Napoléon Bourassa and Joseph Venne. His own masterpiece, Notre Dame De Lourdes Church in Fall River, Massachusetts was destroyed in a 4-alarm fire in 1982. The event was reported in the news media throughout New England.

paragraph: Section::::Works include.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Mathieu's Church, Fall River Massachusetts (demolished)

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Mathieu's rectory and school Fall River, Massachusetts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jesus of Mary Convent, 1887, Fall River, Massachusetts (converted to apartments)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Convent for Dominican Sisters, Fall River, Massachusetts

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Joseph's Orphanage, 1892, Fall River, Massachusetts (converted to apartments)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fall River armory, 1896, Fall River, Massachusetts supervising architect for Wait & Cutter

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Anthony of Padua Church, 1896, New Bedford, Massachusetts supervising architect for Joseph Venne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notre Dame School, 1899, Fall River, Massachusetts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brick Apartment House, 1901, Fitchburg, Massachusetts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bark Street School, 1905, Swansea, Massachusetts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Notre Dame de Lourdes Church, 1906, Fall River, Massachusetts (destroyed by fire in 1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Anne's Church, 1906, Fall River, Massachusetts supervising architect for Napoléon Bourassa

paragraph: BULLET::::- District Courthouse, 1908, Fall River, Massachusetts

description: Canadian-born American architect who worked extensively with the Roman Catholic Church and other clients in Fall River, Massachusetts

wikidata_label: Louis G. Destremps

wikipedia_title: Louis G. Destremps


text:
Canadian
ice hockey
HC Sierre-Anniviers
Swiss League
Switzerland
Midget AAA
Collège Antoine-Girouard
Lewiston Maineiacs
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
Major Junior Ice Hockey
Midget AAA
Major Junior Ice Hockey
Ice Hockey
Trenton Devils
Reading Royals
ECHL
Reading Royals
ECHL
Lowell Devils
Bridgeport Sound Tigers
American Hockey League
Dragons de Rouen
Diables Rouges de Briançon
French
Ligue Magnus
Missouri Mavericks
Central Hockey League
2013–14
Quad City Mallards
Goals
Andrew Courtney
2013-14 Season
Chicago Wolves
American Hockey League
Frisk Asker Ishockey
Norwegian
GET-ligaen
AIK IF
HockeyAllsvenskan

categories: 1987 births,Reading Royals players,Bridgeport Sound Tigers players,Tingsryds AIF players,Frisk Asker Ishockey players,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in France,Lowell Devils players,French Quebecers,AIK IF players,Chicago Wolves players,Trenton Devils players,Canadian ice hockey right wingers,People from Granby, Quebec,Living people,Dragons de Rouen players,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Norway,Leksands IF players,Diables Rouges de Briançon players,Lewiston Maineiacs players,Missouri Mavericks players

paragraph: Éric Castonguay

paragraph: Éric Castonguay (born September 18, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for HC Sierre-Anniviers in the Swiss League (SL), the second tier league of Switzerland.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Castonguay's Midget AAA career included time with Collège Antoine-Girouard, followed by 3 seasons with the Lewiston Maineiacs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League for his Major Junior Ice Hockey career.

paragraph: After completing his Midget AAA and Major Junior Ice Hockey careers, he began his professional Ice Hockey career starting with the 2007-08 season. He has played professionally for the Trenton Devils and Reading Royals of the ECHL. On June 2, 2011, the Reading Royals of the ECHL announced that they had included Castonguay on their protected list. He has also played professionally for the Lowell Devils and Bridgeport Sound Tigers of the American Hockey League and Dragons de Rouen and Diables Rouges de Briançon, both of the French Ligue Magnus.

paragraph: On September 21, 2013, Castonguay signed with the Missouri Mavericks of the Central Hockey League for the 2013–14 season. During that season, in a game against the Quad City Mallards on March 23, 2014, Castonguay set a Mavericks single-season franchise record of 31 Goals, which itself would ultimately be broken later that same season by Andrew Courtney, who ended the season with 34 Goals. That same season, in the "Central Hockey League 2013-14 Season "Best of The Best" Poll", he came in 2nd place in the poll for "Most Gentlemanly Player". On April 18, 2014, Castonguay was loaned to the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League.

paragraph: On May 17, 2014, Castonguay signed with Frisk Asker Ishockey of the Norwegian GET-ligaen. In 2017, Castonguay signed a contract with AIK IF in HockeyAllsvenskan. After having a productive season where he ranked third in the league for scoring, Castonguay signed an extension with the team.

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Éric Castonguay

wikipedia_title: Éric Castonguay


text: German-Jewish

text: composer

text: songwriter

text: Auschwitz concentration camp

text: Magdeburg

text: Westerbork transit camp

text: Theresienstadt

text: Marriage in Trouble

text: The Tender Relatives

text: Moritz Makes his Fortune

text: Holzapfel Knows Everything

text: Pomerans, Arnold

text: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

text: Syracuse University Press

categories: German people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp,Jewish composers,German Jews who died in the Holocaust,20th-century German musicians,1944 deaths,People from Magdeburg,German composers,German cabaret performers,Jewish songwriters,1894 births,German civilians killed in World War II,German songwriters

paragraph: Willy Rosen

paragraph: Willy Rosen (1894–1944) was a German-Jewish composer, songwriter, and renowned cabaret player. Rosen was killed in the Auschwitz concentration camp on 01 October 1944.

paragraph: Rosen was born Julius Rosenbaum in Magdeburg, Germany. In 1942, Rosen was incarcerated in the Westerbork transit camp, and in 1944 deported to Theresienstadt on 04 September 1944 and then on to the Auschwitz concentration camp on 29 September, where he died.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marriage in Trouble" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tender Relatives" (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moritz Makes his Fortune" (1931)

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Holzapfel Knows Everything" (1932)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smelik, K. A. D.; Pomerans, Arnold, "Etty: The Letters and Diaries of Etty Hillesum, 1941-1943", William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Silverman, Jerry, "The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust", Syracuse University Press, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies , Part 4", World Union of Jewish Studies, 1986

description: German composer

wikidata_label: Willy Rosen

wikipedia_title: Willy Rosen


text:
East Prussia
Leipzig
Protestant
theologian
early Christianity
Halle-Wittenberg
Berlin
New Testament
exegesis
University of Marburg
Theodor Zahn
University of Leipzig
rector
Valentinian
Saint Paul
Corinthians
Corinthians
Sermon on the Mount
Hellenism
Hermeticism

categories: Leipzig University faculty,University of Marburg faculty,1844 births,People from Slavsky District,1915 deaths,19th-century German Protestant theologians,20th-century German Protestant theologians

paragraph: Georg Heinrici

paragraph: Carl Friedrich Georg Heinrici (14 March 1844, Karkeln in East Prussia – 29 September 1915, Leipzig) was a German Protestant theologian best known for his studies involving the relationship of early Christianity with its Greek environment.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: From 1862 to 1867 he studied theology and philosophy at the universities of Halle-Wittenberg and Berlin. In 1873 he became an associate professor of New Testament exegesis at the University of Marburg, where during the following year, he attained a full professorship. In 1892 he succeeded Theodor Zahn as professor of New Testament exegesis at the University of Leipzig, where in 1911/12 he served as rector. From 1892 to 1914 he was director of the "Neutestamentarisch-exegetischen Seminar" at Leipzig.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Valentinianische Gnosis und die heilige Schrift; eine Studie", 1871 – Valentinian gnosis and the Holy Scriptures.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das erste Sendschreiben das Apostel Paulus an die Korinthier", 1880 – The first epistle of Saint Paul to the Corinthians.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das zweite Sendschreiben des Apostel Paulus an die Korinthier", 1887 – The second epistle of Saint Paul to the Corinthians.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Theologische encyklopädie", 1893 – Theological encyclopedia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Das Urchristentum", 1902 – Early Christianity.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Bergpredigt (Matth. 5-7. Luk. 6, 20-49) Begriffsgeschichtlich untersucht", 1905 – The Sermon on the Mount, a conceptual history.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hellenismus und Christentum", 1909 – Hellenism and Christianity.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Eigenart des Christentums", 1911 – The uniqueness of Christianity.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Hermes-mystik und das Neue Testament", 1918 – Hermeticism and the New Testament.

description: German theologian

wikidata_label: Georg Heinrici

wikipedia_title: Georg Heinrici


text:
Gustave Colin
Arras
Constant Dutilleux
Ary Scheffer
Thomas Couture
Salon
Ciboure
Biarritz
Salon des Refusés
Château d'Orrouy
Armand Doria
James McNeill Whistler
Saint-Jean-de-Luz
Basque

categories: Faculty of the Académie Julian,French painters,Alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts,1828 births,People from Arras,1910 deaths,People from Pyrénées-Atlantiques

paragraph: Gustave-Henri Colin

paragraph: "For the French politician, see Gustave Colin."

paragraph: Gustave-Henri Colin (1828-1910) was a French painter.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Gustave-Henri Colin was born on July 11, 1828 in Arras, France. He learned painting from Constant Dutilleux in Arras. Upon moving to Paris, he took lessons from Ary Scheffer and Thomas Couture.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Colin was a painter. He painted landscapes and portraits. He exhibited his first painting, "Portrait of a Grandmother", at the Salon in Paris in 1857. A year later, in 1858, he established a studio in Ciboure near Biarritz. By 1863, he exhibited his work at the Salon des Refusés in Paris.

paragraph: Colin spent time at the Château d'Orrouy, a castle owned by Count Armand Doria, an aristocrat and art collector. He met James McNeill Whistler in Saint-Jean-de-Luz in 1862.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Colin was married to a Basque.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Colin died on December 28, 1910 in Paris, France.

alias:
Gustave Henri Colin
Gustave-Henri Colin

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Gustave Colin

wikipedia_title: Gustave-Henri Colin


text:
Byzantine
Chonae
Colossae
Constantinople
Eustathius of Thessalonica
archbishop of Athens
Acropolis of Athens
Leo Sgouros
Crusaders
Latin
Ceos
monastery
Vodonitsa
Thermopylae
classical scholar
Callimachus
Hecale
Aitia
Attica
Alexios III Angelos
monodies
Nicetas
Eustathius
archbishop of Thessalonica
John of Basingstoke
Archdeacon of Leicester
Greek language
George Bardanes
Spyridon Lambros
Migne
Patrologia Graeca
Adolf Ellissen
Ferdinand Gregorovius
George Finlay
Athanasios Angelou

categories: Book and manuscript collectors,1220 deaths,12th-century Byzantine writers,Bishops of Athens,13th-century Byzantine bishops,Byzantine Anatolians,Byzantine Athenians,Christians of the Fourth Crusade,13th-century Byzantine writers,Acropolis of Athens,Byzantine writers,12th-century Byzantine bishops,1140s births

paragraph: Michael Choniates

paragraph: Michael Choniates (or Acominatus) () ("c". 1140 – 1220), Byzantine writer and ecclesiastic, was born at Chonae (the ancient Colossae). At an early age he studied at Constantinople and was the pupil of Eustathius of Thessalonica. Around 1175 he was appointed archbishop of Athens, a position which he retained until 1204. In 1204, he defended the Acropolis of Athens from attack by Leo Sgouros, holding out until the arrival of the Crusaders in 1205, to whom he surrendered the city. After the establishment of Latin control, he retired to the island of Ceos. Around 1217 he moved again to the monastery of Vodonitsa near Thermopylae, where he died.

paragraph: Though he is known to classical scholars as the last possessor of complete versions of Callimachus' "Hecale" and "Aitia", he was a versatile writer, and composed homilies, speeches and poems, which, with his correspondence, throw considerable light upon the miserable condition of Attica and Athens at the time. His memorial to Alexios III Angelos on the abuses of Byzantine administration, the poetical lament over the degeneracy of Athens and the monodies on his brother Nicetas and Eustathius, archbishop of Thessalonica, deserve special mention.

paragraph: It is believed that his daughter Constantina tutored, in Greek and science, John of Basingstoke, Archdeacon of Leicester known for his fluency in and advocacy of the Greek language. Michael's pupil George Bardanes, who had accompanied him during his exile on Ceos, became a distinguished bishop in subsequent years.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edition of his works by Spyridon Lambros (1879-1880)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Migne, "Patrologia Graeca", cxL.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adolf Ellissen, "Michael Akominatos" (1846), containing several pieces with German translation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ferdinand Gregorovius, "Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter", i, (1889)

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Finlay, "History of Greece", iv. pp. 133–134 (1877).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thallon, C. "A Medieval Humanist: Michael Akominatos" (New Haven, 1923) (reprint New York, 1973).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stadtmüller, G. "Michael Choniates, Metropolit von Athen," "Orientalia Christiana", 33,2 (1934), 125-325.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Setton, K. M. "Athens in the Later Twelfth Century," Speculum, XIX (1944), 179-207.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthony Kaldellis, "Michael Choniates: a classicist-bishop and his cathedral (1182–1205 AD)," in Idem, "The Christian Parthenon: Classicism and Pilgrimage in Byzantine Athens" (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009), 145-162.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nario Gallina, "La reazione antiromana nell'epistolario di Michele Coniata Metropolita d'Atene" in Gherardo Ortalli, Giorgio Ravegnani, Peter Schreiner, eds. "Quarta Crociata" (Venice, 2006. ) vol. 1 pp. 423–446

paragraph: BULLET::::- Athanasios Angelou, «Rhetoric and History: Τhe case of Nicetas Choniates», στο History as Literature in Byzantium, ed. Ruth Macrides, Farnham, Ashgate 2010, σ. 289-305.

description: Greek bishop

wikidata_label: Michael Choniates

wikipedia_title: Michael Choniates


text:
acid jazz
saxophone
bamboo flute
pandeiro
Fender Rhodes
One Day Deep
Pyramid in Your Backyard
Billboards
acid jazz
rhythm
Amsterdam
Netherlands
recorder
flute
electronic organ
electronic organ
piano
synthesizers
saxophone
Netherlands
jazz
saxophone
flute
Amsterdam School of Arts
Hilversum Conservatory
India
Ashram
Osho
Bansuri
India
Samba
Amsterdam
electronica
trip hop
dance
drum and bass
Project 2000
Netherlands
Project 2000
Cross Over
Project 2000
singles
Universal/Polydor
reed
Afro-Cuban
Santería
flamenco
rumba
Indian music
funk
jazz
Europe
Cuba
Canada
Bansuri
Pandit
Chill
Jazz
Dance
Crossover
Michael Brecker
Bob Berg
Wayne Shorter
John Coltrane
Charlie Parker
Pat Metheny
new-age music
fusion
Brazilian
jazz
pop music
urban
smooth jazz
new age
Afro-Cuban jazz
Latin music
Santería
flamenco
rumba
Indian music
funk
bossa nova
acid jazz
Crossover
Project 2000
LA Radio Station The Wave
Official Website
Praful
Bandcamp
Praful
YouTube
Praful
Facebook

categories: German jazz saxophonists,1964 births,Acid jazz musicians,People from Düsseldorf,Smooth jazz saxophonists

paragraph: Praful

paragraph: Ulrich Schröder (born 1 January 1964), known under the pseudonym Praful ( ), is an acid jazz artist who performs on several instruments including tenor and soprano saxophones, Indian bamboo flutes, pandeiros, Fender Rhodes and many electronic effects. Two of his CDs "One Day Deep" and "Pyramid in Your Backyard" have won many awards and worldwide recognition. "Sigh", included in the "One Day Deep" CD and as a single, had stayed in the Billboards for over 70 weeks.

paragraph: Praful's songs show a wide variety of rhythm and roots. On "One Day Deep", "Sonhar" features a fast Indian dance rhythm. On the same CD, "Let the Chips Fall" reveals a relaxing acid jazz rhythm. He lives near Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: As a young child he learned the recorder, flute and electronic organ. Frustrated when his mother would not let him carry the electronic organ with him to gigs around town he vowed never to play the instrument again, instead switching to piano and synthesizers. He switched to the saxophone at age 18. His first bands were

paragraph: BULLET::::- AKO High School BigBand

paragraph: BULLET::::- Main Squeeze BigBand ( trumpet player Till Broenner)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Circle Five

paragraph: After school he traveled the world for a year, returning with a broadened horizon and the determination to make music the center of his life and creative expression.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Education & Travels.

paragraph: In 1987 he moved to the Netherlands to study jazz saxophone and flute at the Amsterdam School of Arts (Hilversum Conservatory, now AHK). There he was taught by Ferdinand Povel, Friederike Darius and Rob Madna.

paragraph: During his time as a student at the conservatory Praful was involved in several bands including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Good Move

paragraph: BULLET::::- Praful & Alchemy

paragraph: BULLET::::- and Coco, his first experiment with Jazz Fusion and Latin Music

paragraph: After receiving his Conservatory degree in 1992 he spent 6 months in India in the Ashram of the enlightened teacher Osho, meditating and learning the Indian Bansuri. It was during this time that he took the spiritual name 'Praful' which he describes as symbolic of 'a new beginning' and meaning "blossoming".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Following his travels to India, Praful spent 10 months in Brazil where his musical style took on heavy influences of Samba. Upon returning to Amsterdam in 1993, he worked mainly with Brazilian and Latin groups and artists including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Treme Terra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nippy Noya

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saoco

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armando Peraza

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerardo Rosales

paragraph: From 1997 on he was drawn to electronica and newer developments in music like trip hop, dance and drum and bass.

paragraph: In 1999 Praful joined the experimental dance formation Project 2000, a drum and bass group which experience regional success in the Netherlands. That year Project 2000 won the prestigious Dutch Heineken Cross Over Music Award. 1999 also saw the release of the Project 2000 album 'It's about time' and 2 singles with Universal/Polydor.

paragraph: From 1997 until 2002 he worked as reed player and composer with 'Bayuba Cante', an international group mixing Afro-Cuban Santería-roots with flamenco, rumba, Indian music, funk and jazz, with 2 albums released (Network-DE) and tours in Europe, Cuba and Canada.

paragraph: In 1999 he released his first solo album, the meditative 'Touched by Love'. In that year he also started following lessons in Bansuri (Indian bamboo flute) with Indian Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia, who continues to be his teacher and great inspiration.

paragraph: In 2001 Praful signed a deal with Dutch Indie label Therapy Records, for which he released 3 albums and several singles and vinyls until 2007. The international success of 'One Day Deep' made Praful a household name for Chill-, Jazz-, Dance- and Crossover-Fans. The album was produced and recorded by Praful with the producers duo Adani&Wolf, with guests Afra Mussawisade (percussion, Iran/Germany), Ted de Jong (tabla, Netherlands), Adrian Elissen (Spanish guitar, Malta), Jose Lopretti (bass, Uruguay) and Brazilian singer Lilian Vieira (Brazil/Zuco 103).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Musical Styles and Influences.

paragraph: Praful was influenced by pop music from a young age. Early saxophone influences included Jazz artists like Michael Brecker, Bob Berg and Wayne Shorter. During his studies at conservatory Praful began to be affected by the musical styles of John Coltrane and Charlie Parker.

paragraph: He is influenced by many other non-saxophone instrumentalists. He lists Pat Metheny as one of his strongest influences saying "...he always tried to play guitar [as if] he was a reed player." Metheny's earlier works exhibited a blend of new-age music, fusion and Brazilian which would also be exhibited in Praful's own music.

paragraph: Primarily a jazz musician, Praful has recorded music from many different genres including pop music, urban, smooth jazz, new age, Afro-Cuban jazz, Latin music, Santería, flamenco, rumba, Indian music, funk, bossa nova, acid jazz.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dutch Heineken Crossover Award - with Project 2000 (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discovery Artist of the Year - LA Radio Station The Wave (2003)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Praful at Bandcamp

paragraph: BULLET::::- Praful at YouTube

paragraph: BULLET::::- Praful at Facebook

paragraph: Section::::Notes & References.

paragraph: References:

description: German composer and jazz musician

wikidata_label: Praful

wikipedia_title: Praful


text: Aqil ibn Abi Talib

text: Bani Hashim

text: Husayn ibn Ali

text: Umayyad dynasty

text: Hajj

text: Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad

text: Great Mosque of Kufa

text: Kufa

text: Mecca

text: Medina

text: Muslim

text: Amir

text: Muqair Ibn Obran-e-Ahmari

text: Shaheed

text: Karbala

text: mausoleum

text: Ruqayyah bint Ali

text: Lahore

text: Punjab

text: Pakistan

text: Muhammad

text: Ahl Al-Bayt

text: Pakistan

text: Iran

text: Iraq

text: Aqeel ibn Abu Talib

text: Ruqayyah bint Ali

text: Hani ibn Urwa

text: Ahl ul-Bayt

text: Yahussain.info

text: Al-islam.org

text: Dartabligh.org

text: Ezsoftech.com

paragraph: Muslim ibn Aqil

paragraph: Muslim ibn Aqil al-Hashimi () was the son of Aqil ibn Abi Talib and a member of the clan of Bani Hashim, thus, he is a cousin of Husayn ibn Ali. The people of Kufa called upon Husayn to overthrow the Umayyad dynasty who was on his way to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage. He wanted to confirm the loyalty of the people of Kufa, so he sent his cousin and his ambassador, Muslim ibn Aqeel, a famous warrior, to Kufa to observe the situation. He sent a letter to Husayn confirming their loyalty, before knowing that the 30,000 followers that he gained would all betray him. He was executed by the newly installed governor, Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, on the 20th of Rabi Ul Awal, 60 AH, and is buried at the back of Great Mosque of Kufa.

paragraph: Section::::Journey to Kufa.

paragraph: Section::::Journey to Kufa.:Letters from Kufa.

paragraph: Husayn ibn Ali received thousands of letters from people of Kufa stating that they were rejecting their governor and asking him to come and serve as their Imam. One letter in particular contained these words: "“We invite you to come to Kufa as we have no Imam to guide us. Through you Allah will unite us on the path of truth.”" A few days later, the people of Kufa sent an emissary, a special messenger, to Husayn ibn Ali to persuade him to go to Kufa. There followed hundreds of other letters and many special emissaries from the people of Kufa to Husayn ibn Ali.

paragraph: Receiving so many petitions and messages from Kufa, Husayn ibn Ali decided to send Muslim ibn Aqeel, who was a famous warrior, as his emissary to Kufa to study the situation there and report to Husayn ibn Ali.

paragraph: Section::::Journey to Kufa.:Muslim's Assignment.

paragraph: He wrote a letter to the people of Kufa and gave it to Muslim ibn Aqeel. In this letter Husayn ibn Ali said, "“I am sending my cousin and one of the most trusted ones from my family, Muslim ibn Aqeel, to report to me about your affairs. If his report agrees with what you have written I will soon be with you. You must be clear of the fact that the Imam is the only one who follows the book of Allah, and serves Allah in all matters and affairs with justice, honesty and truth.”"

paragraph: Husayn ibn Ali also told Ibn Aqeel: "“Muslim, the whole world knows that you are one of the bravest warriors. It is just possible that seeing you in Kufa some people may think that our intention is to fight Yazid. Take your two sons Muhammad and Ibrahim with you. When they see you with such young children, they will know that our intentions are peaceful.”"

paragraph: According to reports, Muslim ibn Aqeel’s sons were so young, that they could not even tie up the buttons of their shirts.

paragraph: Husayn sent three people with Muslim: Qays Ibn Mash'ar, 'Imarah Ibn 'Abdullah al-Saluli, and 'Abdul Rahman Ibn 'Abdullah al-Azd, in addition to the messenger from Kufa.

paragraph: Section::::Journey to Kufa.:Traveling to Kufa.

paragraph: This group set off from Mecca on the 15th of Ramadan. His first destination was Medina, where he left his family and hired two people to guide him on his way. The guides, however, lost their way in the desert and were too weak from lack of water to continue on. But in their weakened physical state, they managed to show Muslim the right direction before they both died of thirst.

paragraph: Section::::In Kufa.

paragraph: Section::::In Kufa.:The Kufan's Pledge of Allegiance.

paragraph: Muslim arrived in Kufa on 5 Shawwal 60 AH/ 9 July 680. He went first to the house of al-Mukhtar ibn Abu 'Ubayd al-Thaqafi, who was highly liked by his people and who later became the person who ordered the murder of Ibn Ziyad.

paragraph: More than 18,000-30,000 people appeared before Muslim ibn Aqeel and enthusiastically pledged their allegiance to Husayn ibn Ali as their Imam and pledged to support Husayn even with their lives. Muslim ibn Aqeel, encouraged by this response, reported to Husayn ibn Ali by letter that he should proceed to Kufa.

paragraph: The governor of Kufa, al-Nu'man Ibn Bashir, was told of Muslim's arrival, but refused to attack him. Bashir was a mild man and did not want to harm the members of the family of the Prophet, so he did nothing to stop Muslim. Many of the supporters of Yazid saw this lack of action as a sign of weakness and encouraged the caliph to replace Bashir with a stronger man. Yazid then deposed Bashir and replaced him with Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad. Ibn Ziyad was a resourceful and often cruel politician who spared nothing in order to attain political ends. His strong and ruthless character was exactly what the caliph was looking for in order to gain control in Kufa. Yazid wrote to him, ""Go to Kufa, capture Muslim ibn 'Aqil and see what is appropriate to imprison him, send him to exile or kill him.""

paragraph: Section::::In Kufa.:Governor's Warning.

paragraph: The morning of his arrival in Kufa, Ibn Ziyad gathered the people at the grand mosque. There he delivered a speech warning them against mutiny and promised them generous rewards for conforming. He said, ""Anyone found to be sheltering one of those who scheme against the authority of the commander of the faithful and who does not hand him over will be crucified on the door of his own house"."

paragraph: Section::::In Kufa.:Searching for Muslim.

paragraph: During this time, Ibn Ziyad was working diligently to discover the hiding place of Muslim. He knew that the people of Kufa were meeting secretly, but he was not able to figure out the location. Ibn Ziyad decided that the best way to find Muslim would be to infiltrate his inner circle. He called upon his servant, Ma'qil, to meet him. He gave Ma'qil three thousand dirhams and ordered him to meet with the Shi'as. He was to tell them that he was a Syrian slave who has just arrived in the country and wanted to hand deliver a donation to Muslim. Ma'qil entered the grand mosque and was introduced to Muslim. Ma'qil then delivered the money and swore allegiance to him. This servant continued to meet with Muslim in the coming days. No secrets were kept from him, so he kept gathering information, which he then reported back to Ibn Ziyad in the evenings.

paragraph: Section::::In Kufa.:Hani's Arrest.

paragraph: With the information from Ma'qil, Ibn Ziyad was able to figure out that Muslim was staying at the house of Hani. The governor gathered some of the friends of Hani and asked why he had not visited in quite a while. They made excuses for him, saying that he had been sick and other similar things. Hani was then summoned by the governor who accused him of harboring Muslim in his house. Hani denied this claim and things got heated. Ibn Ziyad then called in Ma'qil and had him corroborate the story that Ibn Ziyad was trying to paint. At this point, Hani was arrested, beaten in the face with an iron-tipped cane, and thrown into prison and was later executed with Muslim ibn Aqeel.

paragraph: Muslim reported to Husayn through Abis ibn Shabib that most of the people in Kufa were ready to receive him as their Imam and advised that Husayn should proceed to Kufa (Tareekh-e-Tabri, Vol.6, Page211). Amongst the people of Kufa there were many spies employed by Yazid to report to him directly. When Yazid heard from them of the invitations to Hussain and the arrival in Kufa of Muslim he was filled with fury. He sent a message to his Governor in Basrah, Ubaydullah ibn Ziyad, to go to Kufa and take over the position of Nu'amaan ibne Basheer. Ibn Ziyad was also told to arrest Muslim and murder him and do all that was necessary to suppress the Shiahs in Kufa.

paragraph: Ibn Ziyad was a shrewd man. He kept his journey from Basra to Kufa a secret and just before entering Kufa he covered his face with a black scarf so that he could not be recognized. He had a few horsemen in front of him and a few behind him as he entered Kufa. The people of Kufa had been waiting for the arrival of Imam Hussain anxiously and they presumed that the Imam had arrived. Soon people started gathering around him and singing welcoming songs. Ibn Ziyad kept observing the people and memorizing faces as the crowd grew and soon it was difficult for his convoy to proceed swiftly. One of his guards, Muslim bin Amr Bahili, shouted "Clear the way, this is the Amir Ubaidullah ibn Ziyad". Hearing this, people started running away quickly and when Ibn Ziyad reached the Dar-al-Amara only a handful people had been left. Ibn Ziyad arrived in Kufa on the evening of 2nd Dhul-Hajj. On the following day he went to the mosque and addressed the people of Kufa. He first announced his appointment as Yazid's governor. He then threatened any one who was engaged in any activity against the government with immediate death, and ordered them to surrender Muslim to him.

paragraph: Ibn Ziyad sealed Kufa in such a way that no one could go in or out of the city without the governor's permission.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Since several people knew that he was staying with Mukhtar Thaqafi, Muslim decided to move from there as a measure of precaution and protection. At the invitation of Hani ibn Urwah, another leading member of the Shia community, he moved to Hani's house. This was done secretly and except for a few people no one knew where Muslim was. Through a spy, Maaqal, who pretended to be a Shia, Ibn Ziyad found out where Muslim was. Since ibn Ziyad had prior relations with Hani, he called him by trick to his palace and got him arrested and thrown into prison. Muslim got the news of Hani's arrest and not wishing to further endanger the lives of his friends, Muslim and his two sons left Hani's house. He left the children with Shurayb, a judge, and went into the desert to try to get back to Husayn to warn him not to go to Kufa. This was the 7th of Dhul-Hajj. That whole day and the following day Muslim tried to get out of the city. He found all the exits sealed and guarded by Ibn Ziyad's soldiers.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Muslim at the House of Tuwaa.

paragraph: On the 7th, late in the evening, tired, hungry and exhausted, Muslim knocked on the door of a house on the outskirts of the city. A lady named 'Tuwaa" opened the door. Muslim requested for a little water to quench his thirst. The lady gave him water. When she learnt who he was, she invited him in and offered him shelter for the night. She gave Muslim food and water and took him to a room where he spent the night.

paragraph: Late that night Tuwaa's son came home. When he learned that the man Ibn Ziyad was looking for was in his mother's house, he felt that he would be rewarded by the governor if he got Muslim arrested. Unknown to his mother he slipped out in the darkness of the night and gave the information to a captain in Ibn Ziyad's army. Early the next morning, five hundred soldiers under the leadership of Mohammad bin Ashas surrounded the house of Tuwaa and demanded Muslim's surrender. Muslim came out holding his sword. Three times he drove the enemy away and killed 150 men. Twice Ibn Ziyad had to send in reinforcements.

paragraph: While Muslim was fighting, some soldiers went up the rooftops and began throwing stones and lighted torches at him. Others dug a trench in the path of Muslim and covered it with grass. Ibn Ziyad told his commanders to trick Muslim otherwise it would not be possible to capture him. Although badly wounded and totally exhausted, Muslim kept on fighting. As a trick, soldiers of Ibn Ziyad offered peace and protection to Muslim but he rejected the offer. He was deeply wounded in this tough fight and finally fell into the trench. He was pounced upon, chained and dragged to the court of Ibn Ziyad.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Execution.

paragraph: Historians narrate that Muslim was badly wounded when he entered the court of Ibn Ziyad. His teeth were broken and blood was flowing from all over. Still he entered the court like a 'Lion'. Someone in the court told him to pay respect to Ibn Ziyad because he is the "Amir" (Ruler). Muslim refused and replied that his Amir was only Husayn.

paragraph: Ibn Ziyad told Muslim that he would be killed and asked him if he had any last wishes. Muslim replied saying, "I owe a debt which should be discharged by selling off my sword and armour. Secondly I want my body to be given a proper burial. Thirdly I want a message sent to Hussain advising him not to come to Kufa." Ibn Ziyad agreed to the first request but refused to do anything about the second and third requests. He then ordered Muslim to be taken to the roof of the palace to be executed and his body thrown to the ground.

paragraph: Muslim was calm and composed as he was dragged up the steps. He was reciting "Allahu Akber" until the last moment. Then there was an absolute silence followed by a thud as the head of Muslim was chopped and his body fell to the ground. This was on the 9th of Dhul-Hujja. Immediately after Muslim was killed, Hani ibn Urwah as well was dragged to the roof top and executed.

paragraph: Ibn Ziyad ordered Muqair Ibn Obran-e-Ahmari to take him to the palace's roof. They went to the top of the fortress, Muslim was decapitated in front of the people, his head was thrown down first and then followed by his body. Hani was also executed. They were executed in this way in order to intimidate the populace. Ibn Ziyad ordered that the bodies of these two men be dragged by their feet through the streets and marketplaces in Kufa. Muslim's body was then crucified upside down and the heads of Muslim and Hani were sent to Yazid to be displayed on the streets of Damascus.

paragraph: Muslim bin Aqeel’s two sons, Mohammad and Ibrahim, were also killed in Kufa.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Muslim is made a Shaheed.

paragraph: Muslim called on the people of Kufa for assistance and narrations say that approximately 40,000 people accompanied him to the government building. By then, Ibn Ziyad had placed the leaders of Kufa on the roof top of the building and threatened to kill them if they did not leave Muslim bin Aqeel.

paragraph: Within a short while, not one person from the 40,000 was with Muslim.

paragraph: Muslim was later taken by the soldiers of Ibn Ziyaad and was martyred. Later, the two sons of Muslim were also martyred. These were two young children who accompanied their father, thinking that they were journeying to a place that was filled with true followers of the Ahle Bait.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Husayn departs for Kufa.

paragraph: On receiving the letter of Muslim, Hussain departed from Makkah and left for Kufa. When this group of the Ahlul Bayt left Makkah, every person and every child stood watching them with sadness as they left.

paragraph: Their eyes filled with tears and their hearts heavy with sadness. On his way, he received news of the death of Muslim and his children. Hussain was also informed of the betrayal of the people of Kufa. He was very sad when he heard this news and read In'na lil'laahi Wa in'na ilaihi Raaji'oon. He then comforted the family members and gave them hope.

paragraph: When the Ahlul Bayt reached a place called Thaa'lba, Hussain rested for a while. He awoke with tears in his eyes. His beloved sister, Zainab asked the reason for this, and he said, "I dreamt of our grandfather, Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam was crying and he said "O Hussain! You are soon to come and meet with me."

paragraph: On hearing this, Ali Akbar the son of Hussain said, " O my dear father! Are we not on Haq (truth)?" Hussain replied, "verily we are on Haq and Haq is with us." Then Ali Akbar said, "why then should we fear death, O my father? We all must pass from this world one day. I am seeing the gardens of Shahaadat and a mansion better than that of the world and bounties even greater than that of this world are before us."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: While Muslim was not killed at Karbala, he is counted as one of the martyrs of the battle.

paragraph: The Shi'ite recommend visiting his grave in Kufa and there are certain prayers that are to be recited there.

paragraph: On the other hand, there is the mausoleum of Ruqayyah bint Ali (Wife of Muslim ibn Aqeel) located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Legend has it that it holds the graves of six ladies (one is Ruqqayah herself and others are Muslim's sisters) from Muhammad's household (Ahl Al-Bayt).

paragraph: Today, Muslim ibn Aqeel's descendants go by the surname "Uqaili" and are found in Pakistan, Iran, and Iraq.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aqeel ibn Abu Talib

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruqayyah bint Ali

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muhammad ibn Muslim and Ibraheem ibn Muslim

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hani ibn Urwa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahl ul-Bayt

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yahussain.info

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al-islam.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dartabligh.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ezsoftech.com

paragraph: BULLET::::-

wikidata_label: Muslim ibn Aqeel

wikipedia_title: Muslim ibn Aqil


text: Umayyad

text: Basra

text: Kufa

text: Khurasan

text: Mu'awiya I

text: Yazid I

text: Marwan I

text: Abd al-Malik

text: Ali ibn Abi Talib

text: Muslim

text: Ziyad ibn Abihi

text: Kharijite

text: Alid

text: Husayn ibn Ali

text: Muhammad

text: Battle of Karbala

text: Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr

text: Marwan I

text: Battle of Marj Rahit

text: Qays

text: Jazira

text: Battle of Khazir

text: Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar

text: al-Mukhtar

text: Ziyad ibn Abih

text: Persian

text: Umayyad

text: Khurasan

text: Mu'awiya I

text: Basra

text: Hugh N. Kennedy

text: Amu Darya

text: Bukhara

text: Sasanian

text: Pahlavi script

text: Maysan

text: Narmashir

text: Kufa

text: Yazid I

text: Ali

text: Husayn

text: Muslim ibn Aqil

text: Alid

text: shurta

text: Medina

text: Karbala

text: Muhammad

text: Julius Wellhausen

text: Mu'awiya II

text: Banu Hashim

text: Azd

text: Banu Tamim

text: Hawran

text: Palmyra

text: Qays

text: Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr

text: Hejaz

text: Marwan ibn al-Hakam

text: Banu Kalb

text: al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri

text: Damascus

text: Battle of Marj Rahit

text: Abd al-Malik

text: Jazira

text: Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni

text: Kindah

text: Himyar

text: Bahila

text: Banu Ghani

text: Khath'am

text: Manbij

text: Battle of Ayn al-Warda

text: Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi

text: Mosul

text: Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr

text: al-Mukhtar ibn Ubayd

text: Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya

text: Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar

text: Khazir River

text: Battle of Khazir

text: Battle of Khazir

text: Hani ibn Urwa

text: Shemr ibn Thul-Jawshan

text: Muhammad and Islamic Conquest

categories: 7th-century Arabs,People of the Second Fitna,Umayyad governors of Basra,Umayyad governors of Khurasan,Generals of the Umayyad Caliphate,686 deaths,Umayyad governors of Iraq,Medieval Arabs killed in battle,Year of birth unknown,Banu Thaqif

paragraph: Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad

paragraph: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Ziyād (; died August 686) was the Umayyad governor of Basra, Kufa and Khurasan during the reigns of caliphs Mu'awiya I and Yazid I, and the leading general of the Umayyad army under caliphs Marwan I and Abd al-Malik. Ubayd Allah is primarily remembered for his role in the killings of members of Ali ibn Abi Talib's family and he has become infamous in Muslim tradition.

paragraph: He virtually inherited the governorships from his father Ziyad ibn Abihi after the latter's death in 673. During Ubayd Allah's governorship, he suppressed Kharijite and Alid revolts, including an attempt by Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of the prophet Muhammad, to enter Kufa and revolt against Yazid. In the ensuing Battle of Karbala in 680, Husayn and his small retinue were slain by Ubayd Allah's troops, shocking many in the Muslim community. Ubayd Allah was ultimately evicted from Iraq by the Arab tribal nobility amid the revolt of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr.

paragraph: He made it to Syria where he persuaded Marwan I to seek the caliphate and helped galvanize support for the flailing Umayyads. Afterward, he fought at the Battle of Marj Rahit in 684 against pro-Zubayrid tribes and helped reconstitute the Umayyad army. With this army he struggled against rebel Qaysi tribe in the Jazira before advancing against the Alids and Zubayrids of Iraq. However, he was slain and his forces routed at the Battle of Khazir by Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar, the commander of the pro-Alid al-Mukhtar of Kufa.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Ubayd Allah was the son of Ziyad ibn Abihi whose tribal origins were obscure; Ziyad was born out of wedlock and his father was not known, while his mother was a Persian woman named Murjanah. Ziyad served as the Umayyad governor of Iraq and the lands east of that province, collectively known as Khurasan, during the reign of Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680).

paragraph: Ubayd Allah's father prepared Ziyad to succeed him as governor, and indeed, after Ziyad's death in 672/673, Ubayd Allah became governor of Khurasan. A year or two later, he was also appointed to the governorship of Basra. According to historian Hugh N. Kennedy, Ubayd Allah was "more hasty and given to the use of force than his father, but a man whose devotion to the Umayyad cause could not have been doubted".

paragraph: In 674 he crossed the Amu Darya and defeated the forces of the ruler of Bukhara in the first known invasion of the city by Muslim Arabs. From at least 674 and 675, Ubayd Allah had coins struck in his name in Khurasan and Basra, respectively. They were based on Sasanian coinage and written in Pahlavi script. The mints were located in Basra, Darabjird, Maysan, Narmashir, Jayy and, to a lesser extent, Kufa. The latter was attached to Ubayd Allah's governorship in 679/680, giving him full control of Iraq.

paragraph: Section::::Governor of Iraq and Khurasan.:Suppression of the Alids.

paragraph: Mu'awiya died in 680 and was succeeded by his son Yazid I. Mu'awiya's designation of his son was an unprecedented act and shocked many in the Muslim community, particularly the Arab nobility of Kufa. They long sympathized with Caliph Ali, Mu'awiya's former rival, and Ali's family. One of Ali's sons, Husayn dispatched his cousin Muslim ibn Aqil to Kufa to set the stage for Husayn's accession to the caliphate. Ibn Aqil garnered significant support and was hosted by a prominent pro-Alid nobleman. Ubayd Allah became aware of Ibn Aqil's activities, prompting the latter to launch a premature assault against the governor. Ubayd Allah was holed up in his palace, but thirty men from his "shurta" (security forces) fended off Ibn Aqil's partisans, allowing Ubayd Allah to escape. He then persuaded many Kufan noblemen to back him against Ibn Aqil, who was abandoned by his supporters and slain on 10 September 680.

paragraph: Husayn had already been en route to Kufa from Medina when he received news of Ibn Aqil's execution. Ubayd Allah was prepared for Husayn's arrival and sent troops to intercept him. They prevented Husayn and his small retinue from reaching the watered areas of the province, The two sides negotiated for weeks, but Ubayd Allah refused Husayn entry into Kufa while Husayn refused to recognize Yazid's caliphate or return to Arabia. In the end, a short battle was fought at Karbala on 10 October 680, in which Husayn and nearly all of his partisans were slain. Husayn had never received the expected backing of his Kufan sympathizers, but the latter's resentment festered as a result of his death. The slaying of Husayn, a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, perturbed many Muslims.

paragraph: Section::::Role in Umayyad succession.

paragraph: The death of Yazid in 683 led to a major leadership crisis in the caliphate, and "the power of his house seemed to collapse everywhere", in the words of Orientalist Julius Wellhausen. Ubayd Allah initially neglected to support Yazid's son and designated successor, Mu'awiya II and secured oaths of allegiance to himself from the Basran Arab nobility. In a speech addressed to them, he emphasized his connection to Basra and promised to maintain the wealth of the city's inhabitants. Nonetheless, the Basrans turned against him, forcing him to abandon his palace. He was replaced by Abd Allah ibn al-Harith, a member of the Banu Hashim. Ubayd Allah took refuge with the Azdi chieftain Mas'ud ibn Amr in late 683 or early 684. He plotted to restore his governorship by encouraging Mas'ud to form an alliance of the Yamani and Rabi'a tribes against his opponents from the Banu Tamim and Ibn al-Harith. Mas'ud took to the pulpit of Basra's mosque to stir up the revolt, but Tamimi tribesmen, under Ibn al-Harith's direction, stormed the building and killed Mas'ud. After Mas'ud's death, Ubayd Allah fled the city practically alone in March 684, taking the Syrian desert route to Hawran or Palmyra. In his rush to escape, he left his wife and family behind.

paragraph: When Ubayd Allah arrived in Syria, he found it in political disarray; Caliph Mu'awiya II had died weeks into his rule and a power vacuum ensued with many Syrian noblemen, particularly from the Qaysi tribes, switching allegiance to the rival, Mecca-based caliphate of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. The latter had expelled the Umayyads from the Hejaz and among the exiles to Syria was Marwan ibn al-Hakam, an Umayyad elder. Ubayd Allah persuaded Marwan, who was preparing to recognize Ibn al-Zubayr's sovereignty, to enter his candidacy as Mu'awiya II's successor. The Umayyads' principal Syrian allies, the Banu Kalb, had sought to maintain Umayyad rule and nominated Mu'awiya II's half-brother Khalid as caliph. However, the other pro-Umayyad Syrian tribes viewed Khalid as too young and inexperienced, and rallied around Marwan, who was ultimately chosen as caliph.

paragraph: Section::::Military campaigns in Syria and Jazira.

paragraph: Ubayd Allah fought for Marwan and his tribal allies against the Qaysi tribes led by al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, the governor of Damascus, at the Battle of Marj Rahit in August 684. The Qays were routed and al-Dahhak killed. Ubayd Allah was put in command of Marwan's army which, during Marj Rahit, consisted 6,000 men from a handful of loyalist tribes. According to Kennedy, Ubayd Allah "clearly intended to rebuild the Syrian army which had served Mu'awiya and Yazid I so well". In the aftermath of Marj Rahit, Ubayd Allah oversaw campaigns against rebel Qaysi tribes for Marwan and his son and successor Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705) in the Jazira. However, Marwan's forces were too little to assert Umayyad rule throughout the caliphate. Thus, Ubayd Allah expanded recruitment to include various Qaysi tribes. He placed Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni of Kindah as his second-in-command, and Shurahbil ibn Dhi'l-Kila' of Himyar, Adham ibn Muhriz of Bahila, al-Rabi'a ibn Mukhariq of Banu Ghani and Jabala ibn Abd Allah of Khath'am as deputy commanders. Other than Husayn ibn Numayr, all the other commanders were either Qaysi or had earlier supported al-Dahhak against Marwan.

paragraph: In January 685, as Ubayd Allah was in Manbij preparing for the Umayyad reconquest of Iraq, Husayn ibn Numayr defeated the pro-Alid Penitents at the Battle of Ayn al-Warda. Ubayd Allah had been promised by Marwan the governorship over all of the lands he could conquer from the Alids and Ibn al-Zubayr, and he may have been sanctioned to plunder Kufa. For the following year, Ubayd Allah was bogged down in battles with the Qaysi tribes of Jazira led by Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi. By 686, Ubayd Allah's army numbered some 60,000 troops.

paragraph: By the time Ubayd Allah's army approached Mosul toward Iraq, the Zubayrids under Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr had established themselves in Basra while al-Mukhtar ibn Ubayd took control of Kufa in the name of the Alid Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Al-Mukhtar dispatched Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar and an army composed largely of non-Arab freedmen to confront Ubayd Allah. The latter fended off the first wave of al-Mukhtar's troops, and proceeded to face off Ibn al-Ashtar at the Khazir River. In the ensuing Battle of Khazir, the Umayyad army was routed and Ubayd Allah was slain by Ibn al-Ashtar. His commanders Husayn, Shurahbil and al-Rabi'a were also killed. With Ubayd Allah's death, Caliph Abd al-Malik halted further advances against Iraq until 691.

paragraph: Death

paragraph: At the Battle of Khazir, Ubayd was eventually decapitated, and his severed head was brought to a royal gathering of the people of al-Mukhtar. On seeing the decapitated head, people started screaming in terror, for a snake suddenly appeared and entered the skull of Ubayd, entering through the nostril and resided inside for a while. It exited and then did the same thing twice more.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hani ibn Urwa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shemr ibn Thul-Jawshan

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Umayyad Governors of al-Basra and al-Kufa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muhammad and Islamic Conquest

description: Muslim general

wikidata_label: Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad

wikipedia_title: Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad