text: pseudonym

text: blogger

text: 2003 invasion of Iraq

text: media

text: peace

text: salām

text: Latin

text: Abd al-Munim

text: secular

text: Adnan Abd al-Munim al-Janabi

text: Sunni

text: OPEC

text: Shi'ite

text: Vienna

text: Vienna International School

text: German

text: Arabic

text: University of Baghdad

text: Beirut

text: Lebanon

text: invasion of Iraq

text: The Guardian

text: City University London

text: Beirut

text: UNICEF

text: Saddam Hussein

text: 2003 invasion of Iraq

text: interpreter

text: Peter Maass

text: Raed Jarrar

text: Jordan

text: Baghdad

text: Internet

text: The Guardian

text: Al-Adel Neighborhood

text: United States

text: BBC

text: Newsnight

text: Royal Television Society

text: Adnan al-Janabi

text: Sunni

text: proposed Iraqi constitution

text: Shia

text: secular

text: Afghanistan

text: Syria

text: Iran

text: radar

text: Red Crescent

text: Riverbend (blogger)

text: Where is Raed?

text: Where is Raed?

text: shut up you fat whiner!

text: CUL

text: Salam Pax: the Baghdad Blogger

text: Raed in the Middle

text: Salam Pax

text: Enough Rope

text: ABC Television

text: The Baghdad Blogger Salam Pax

text: NPR

text: Baghdad War Diary

text: CNN World's Untold Stories

text: CNN World's Untold Stories

text: Baghdad Blogger

text: Peter Maass

text: Salam Pax Is Real

text: Salam's Story

text: A Baghdad Blogger.

categories: Anonymous bloggers,Writers from Baghdad,Iraqi bloggers,University of Baghdad alumni,Iraqi journalists,Civilians in war,Living people,1973 births,Warblogs

paragraph: Salam Pax

paragraph: Salam Pax is the pseudonym of Salam Abdulmunem (), aka Salam al-Janabi (), under which he became the "most famous blogger in the world" during and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Along with a massive readership, his site "Where is Raed?" received notable media attention. The pseudonym consists of the word for "peace" in Arabic ("salām") and in Latin ("pax"). His was one of the first instances of an individual's blog having a wide audience and impact.

paragraph: Section::::Bio.

paragraph: Salam Abdulmunem (the name he uses now, based on Abd al-Munim) was born to a well-to-do secular family in Baghdad in 1973. His father Adnan Abd al-Munim al-Janabi, a Sunni, worked for OPEC, his mother was a Shi'ite, while Salam himself became skeptical of religion. He came to Vienna, Austria, with his parents when he was 5, the family returned to Baghdad five years later, and Salam went back to Austria alone at the age of 16 in order to study at the Vienna International School where he became fluent in English in addition to German and his native Arabic.

paragraph: When he went through his yearly allowance from back home in a month, his family brought him to Iraq in 1995, where Salam continued his study of architecture at the University of Baghdad. He described the first two years as the most difficult period in his life:

paragraph: I felt lost somewhere between the East and the West. I did not know where I belonged for a long time.

paragraph: After graduation, he worked for the Baghdad office of a Beirut, Lebanon, architectural consultancy and as an occasional interpreter for foreign journalists before and during the invasion of Iraq, when he became a successful English-language blogger under the name "Salam Pax" and a contributor to "The Guardian" beginning from 4 June 2003. He moved to London in 2007, where he took up journalism at City University London, and then lived in Beirut. Salam Abdulmunem returned to Baghdad in 2009 and started working as Communications Officer for UNICEF in Iraq in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::"Where is Raed?".

paragraph: In his blog, Salam discussed his friends, disappearances of people under the government of Saddam Hussein, the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and his work as an interpreter for journalist Peter Maass. The title of Salam's site referred to his friend Raed Jarrar, who was working on his master's degree in Jordan at that time. Raed did not respond promptly to e-mails, so Salam set up the weblog for him to read. Salam continued to post updates to the site even after it was temporarily blocked in Iraq. During the war, he gave accounts of bombings and other attacks from his suburb of Baghdad until his Internet access (and the electrical grid) was interrupted. Salam remained offline for weeks, writing his diary entries on paper in order to post them later.

paragraph: Putting an end to earlier doubts and speculations about the blog's authenticity, "The Guardian" newspaper tracked its author down in May 2003 and printed a story confirming that the person behind the pseudonym "Salam Pax" indeed lived in Iraq, that Salam was his real first (given) name, and that he was a 29-year-old architect. Subsequent entries discussed the chaotic postwar economy, and a June 1, 2003, post appeared to celebrate an anarchist effort, centered in the western Al-Adel Neighborhood of Baghdad, to provide free Internet access to all of Iraq. It turned out not to be instigated by political anarchists, but by Iraqis who ran the prewar Internet cafes in Baghdad for Uruknet, the former government ISP.

paragraph: Section::::"The Baghdad Blog" and other reporting.

paragraph: In 2003 Atlantic Books, in association with "The Guardian", published a book based on "Where is Raed?" under the title "The Baghdad Blog" (). It comprises Salam's blog entries from September 2002 to June 2003 with footnotes.

paragraph: In August 2004, after not having updated his previous blog for several months, Pax started a second blog titled "shut up you fat whiner!" He also worked as a journalist for "The Guardian", writing columns and featured articles. In October 2004 he was sent to the United States by "The Guardian" to report on the American presidential race and current thought there on the subject of Iraq.

paragraph: In February 2005 a series of filmed reports by Salam Pax, produced by Guardian Films and transmitted by the BBC's "Newsnight" television programme, won the Royal Television Society Award for Innovation. In his "Newsnight" report broadcast in October 2005, he interviewed Iraqi Member of Parliament Adnan al-Janabi, a Sunni moderate who served as vice-chair of the constitutional committee, about the proposed Iraqi constitution and revealed that al-Janabi was his father. Salam also mentioned that his mother was Shia, and described his family as being secular in political orientation.

paragraph: Section::::Quotes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "23/3 8:30pm (day4) we start counting the hours from the moment one of the news channels report that the B52s have left their airfield. It takes them around 6 hours to get to Iraq. On the first day of the bombing it worked precisely. Yesterday we were a bit surprised that after 6 hours bombs didn't start falling. The attacks on Baghdad were much less than two days ago. We found out today in the news that the city of Tikrit got the hell bombed out of it. Today the B52s took off at 3pm, in half an hour we will know whether it is Baghdad tonight or another city."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One day, like in Afghanistan, those journalists will get bored and go write about Syria or Iran; Iraq will be off your media radar. Out of sight, out of mind. Lucky you, you have that option. I have to live it."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "There were days when the Red Crescent was begging for volunteers to help in taking the bodies of dead people off the city street and bury them properly. The hospital grounds have been turned to burial grounds.."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You can follow the trail of the foreigners by how much things cost in a certain district."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anyway, all that doesn't matter now. Saddam is gone, thanks to you. Was it worth it? Be assured it was. We all know that it got to a point where we would have never been rid of Saddam without foreign intervention; I just wish it would have been a bit better planned."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Riverbend (blogger)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Blogs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Where is Raed? - Salam Pax's original blog, 12/2002-4/2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photo, Where is Raed? - Salam Pax's accompanying photoblog, 6-7/2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- shut up you fat whiner!  - Salam Pax's blog, 8/2004-7/2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mind the Globe (at mindtheglo.be, now defunct) - London news site launched by Salam Pax and other CUL students, 5-6/2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salam Pax: the Baghdad Blogger - 8/2004-4/2009, with archived "Where is Raed?" (12/2002-4/2004).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raed Jarrar's blog - Raed in the Middle.

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Interviews.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarah Montague, How have the events of the past week affected daily life for Iraqis?, "Today," 25 February 2006, BBC Radio 4. - The interview begins 3' into the clip.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Denton, Salam Pax, "Enough Rope", 17 May 2004, ABC Television, Australia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Terry Gross, The Baghdad Blogger Salam Pax, "Fresh Air", 18 September 2003, NPR.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Webchat), Baghdad War Diary, "Today", 9 September 2003, BBC Radio 4.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sarah Montague, The Most Famous Web Diarist in the World - Salam Pax. "Today," 9 September 2003, BBC Radio 4.

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CNN World's Untold Stories - Baghdad Blogger Salam Pax: Part 2, 17 April 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CNN World's Untold Stories - Baghdad Blogger Salam Pax: Part 1, 11 April 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salam Pax, "The Baghdad Blogger Goes to Washington: Day One," "The Guardian", 22 October 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salam Pax, "Baghdad Blogger," "The Guardian", 4 June 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Maass, "Salam Pax Is Real," "Slate", 2 June 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rory McCarthy, "Salam's Story," "The Guardian", 30 May 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniel Zalewski, "A Baghdad Blogger." "The New Yorker", 3 March 2003.

paragraph: Section::::External links.:Videos.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Don Arbor, Salam Pax (Peace): A Peace Anthem for our Time, released February 2008.

description: Iraqi blogger

wikidata_label: Salam Pax

wikipedia_title: Salam Pax


text:
French
prelate
Roman Catholic Church
Servon-sur-Vilaine, France
Diocese of Versailles
Versailles
Diocese site of Versailles

categories: Bishops of Versailles,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,French Roman Catholic priests,2009 deaths,1916 births

paragraph: Louis-Paul-Armand Simonneaux

paragraph: Louis-Paul-Armand Simonneaux (January 19, 1916 – January 22, 2009) was a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and was one of the oldest living bishops and one of oldest French bishops at the time of his death.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Simonneaux was born in Servon-sur-Vilaine, France and was ordained a priest on March 10, 1946. He was appointed to the Diocese of Versailles on September 30, 1967 and ordained bishop on November 26, 1967. He remained bishop of Versailles until June 4, 1988.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diocese site of Versailles

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Louis-Paul-Armand Simonneaux

wikipedia_title: Louis-Paul-Armand Simonneaux


text: pop art

text: print-maker

text: art teacher

text: fibreglass

text: Chelsea School of Art

text: Swindon School of Art

text: Arts Council

text: Hayward Gallery

text: Hungerford

text: Tate Britain

text: Birmingham Gas Hall

text: Berardo Collection Museum

text: Tate Modern

text: Wolverhampton Art Gallery

text: Statue of King Kong

text: Wilson, Keppel and Betty

text: Max Wall

text: Christie's

text: Eric Morecombe

text: Ernie Wise

text: Film interview with Monro

text: ATV

categories: British pop artists,English male sculptors,English sculptors,Art educators,Alumni of Chelsea College of Art & Design,1936 births,English educators,Living people

paragraph: Nicholas Monro

paragraph: Nicholas Monro (born London, 1936) is an English pop art sculptor, print-maker and art teacher. He is known for being one of the few British pop artists to work in sculpture and is known for his use of fibreglass.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Monro studied art at the Chelsea School of Art from 1958 to 1961. After graduating he began teaching at Swindon School of Art, then returned to Chelsea School of Art in 1968.

paragraph: In 1969 he received an Arts Council Award and was included in the exhibition "Pop Art Re-Assessed" at the Hayward Gallery.

paragraph: In the early 1970s, he had a studio at Hungerford.

paragraph: His work was included in the 2004 pop art retrospective "Art and the 60s: This Was Tomorrow" at Tate Britain, and Birmingham Gas Hall and, in the same year, "British Pop Art 1956–1972" at the .

paragraph: Section::::Public collections.

paragraph: Monro's works are in the collections of the Berardo Collection Museum, Tate Modern and Wolverhampton Art Gallery.

paragraph: Section::::Key works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Money Bags", painted fibreglass (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flock of Sheep", painted fibreglass, (1968) – now in a private collection in Wuppertal, Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statue of King Kong, painted fibreglass, (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sand Dancers" (a statue of Wilson, Keppel and Betty), made for the Sands Hotel, Edinburgh, now part of the Treadwell Collection.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bust of Max Wall, painted fibreglass, sold for £6,875 ($11,323) at Christie's, London, on 23 August 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Statue of Eric Morecombe & Ernie Wise, in painted fibreglass, commissioned in 1977 by the Arts Council, this statue was to form part of the British Genius exhibition at Battersea Park, London

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Film interview with Monro filmed by ATV in Birmingham, in 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monro prints in the Rose and Chris Prater gift, at Tate

alias:
Nick Monro
Nicolas Monro

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Nicholas Monro

wikipedia_title: Nicholas Monro


text:
the Honourable
Charles Gordon, 4th Earl of Aboyne
James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton
James Halyburton
Hamilton Douglas Halyburton
Kettins
Forfarshire
Royal Regiment of Foot
78th Foot
113th Foot
French Revolutionary War
Archduke Charles
Charles Craufurd
half-pay
22nd Regiment of Foot
1st Foot Guards
Assistant Adjutant General
Sir Edward Leslie, 1st Baronet
Tarbert, County Kerry
Deputy Lieutenant
Lord Lieutenant
Lord Airlie
the county
William Ramsay Maule
Donald Ogilvy
on petition
general election of that year
in 1835
his half-brother George
the last Duke of Gordon
Marquess of Huntly
granted the rank and title
in 1837
general election of 1841
Lord Frederick Gordon

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1831–1832,Deputy Lieutenants of Forfarshire,UK MPs 1835–1837,1777 births,Younger sons of earls,British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars,UK MPs 1837–1841,1841 deaths,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies

paragraph: Lord Douglas Gordon-Hallyburton

paragraph: Lord Douglas Gordon-Hallyburton (10 October 1777 – 25 December 1841) was a Scottish soldier and Member of Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born as the Honourable Douglas Gordon, only child of Charles Gordon, 4th Earl of Aboyne by his second wife Mary, daughter of James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton and Agatha, heiress of James Halyburton of Pitcur. In 1784, following the death of his first cousin Hamilton Douglas Halyburton, he succeeded to the estate of Pitcur, near Kettins in Forfarshire, and adopted the name and arms of Hallyburton of Pitcur.

paragraph: On 28 March 1795 he joined the Army as an Ensign in the 2nd Battalion Royal Regiment of Foot, quickly rising to become a Lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion 78th Foot on 25 August and a Captain in the 113th Foot on 31 August the same year. He served in the French Revolutionary War with Archduke Charles and carried home despatches from Charles Craufurd on 4 July 1796. After a period on half-pay he joined the 22nd Regiment of Foot on 14 August 1798 before exchanging into the 1st Foot Guards as a Lieutenant on 25 December. He retained the Army rank of Captain until appointed Assistant Adjutant General with the rank of Major on 11 June 1803.

paragraph: On 16 July 1807, at Dublin, he married Louisa, daughter of Sir Edward Leslie, 1st Baronet of Tarbert, County Kerry; they had no children.

paragraph: On 21 March 1828, Douglas Gordon-Hallyburton was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for Forfarshire by the Lord Lieutenant, Lord Airlie. In 1831, the Member of Parliament for the county William Ramsay Maule was raised to the peerage, and in the ensuing by-election Lord Airlie's brother Donald Ogilvy was returned. However this was overturned on petition and Hallyburton's name substituted on 31 January 1832. He was re-elected at the general election of that year and again in 1835.

paragraph: In 1836 his half-brother George succeeded the last Duke of Gordon as Marquess of Huntly, and on 29 June that year Douglas was granted the rank and title of the younger son of a Marquess, becoming Lord Douglas Gordon-Hallyburton. He was elected again for Forfarshire in 1837 and sat until the general election of 1841. He died later that year, and his estates were inherited by his nephew Lord Frederick Gordon, who had also succeeded to the seat in Parliament. He was survived by his wife, who died on 2 October 1851.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Lord Douglas Gordon-Hallyburton

wikipedia_title: Lord Douglas Gordon-Hallyburton


text: cartographer

text: "Province Galley"

text: London

text: British Navy

text: New England

text: privateering

text: King William's War

text: Province of Massachusetts Bay

text: Province Galley

text: Queen Anne's War

text: relieving

text: Portland, Maine

text: Benjamin Church

text: raids of Acadia

text: Port Royal

text: Hovenden Walker

text: 1711 expedition to Quebec

text: Saint Lawrence River

text: Nova Scotia Council

text: "Whydah"

text: Samuel "Black Sam" Bellamy

text: shoal

text: Cape Cod

text: Ouidah

text: Sir Humphry Morice

text: Lawrence Prince

text: Samuel Shute

text: Barry Clifford's

text: Shelburne

text: Canso, Nova Scotia

text: Granary Burying Ground

text: Beacon Hill, Boston

text: THE WHYDAH PIRATE MUSEUM

text: Clifford, Barry

text: Clifford, Barry

categories: People from London,People of colonial Massachusetts,People in Queen Anne's War,British military personnel of Queen Anne's War,18th century in Nova Scotia,1745 deaths,1662 births,English cartographers

paragraph: Cyprian Southack

paragraph: Cyprian Southack (1662 – 27 March 1745) was an English cartographer and colonial naval commander. He commanded the "Province Galley", Massachusetts' one-ship navy (1696–1711) and commanded the first navy ship of Nova Scotia, the ship "William Augustus" (1721–23).

paragraph: Born in London to a British Navy captain, he came to New England in the 1680s, where he established a reputation for his seamanship and his chart-making skills. The charts he made of the coast of northeastern North America were among the most accurate of their time. He engaged in privateering activities during King William's War in the 1690s, and was hired by the Province of Massachusetts Bay as captain of its armed vessel, the "Province Galley". In that role he participated in several military actions during Queen Anne's War, including relieving present-day Portland, Maine from attack before joining Benjamin Church's 1704 raids of Acadia, and the 1707 and 1710 Sieges of Port Royal in Nova Scotia. He was asked by Admiral Hovenden Walker to pilot his 1711 expedition to Quebec up the Saint Lawrence River, but refused, disclaiming detailed knowledge of that river. (Walker's expedition ended disastrously, suffering more than 800 deaths when parts of the fleet foundered on rocks near the mouth of the Saint Lawrence.)

paragraph: After Queen Anne's War Southack continued in a variety of public service positions, including a seat on the Nova Scotia Council.

paragraph: A storm on the night of 26 April 1717 destroyed the galley "Whydah" (pronounced Wi-da), flagship of the notorious pirate Samuel "Black Sam" Bellamy, on the shoals of Cape Cod. The ship, built in London in 1715 and named for the Kingdom of Ouidah in Africa, was a private slaver of Sir Humphry Morice on its maiden voyage in 1716 under the command of Captain Lawrence Prince; it was captured by the pirates while passing through the waters of the lower Bahamas Islands on it return voyage to England in February 1717. With the "Whydah Gally" as his command ship in a 5-ship fleet, Bellamy, rated the wealthiest pirate in the western hemisphere by Forbes, was sailing near to the coast of Cape Cod when a massive storm arose about midnight, which drove the Whydah into the sandbars at Wellfleet where it was dashed to pieces. Within days, news of the pirate wreck and the capture of nine survivors reached Massachusetts Bay Colony Governor Samuel Shute, and Cyprian Southack was immediately sent to the wreck site to recover anything of value, with specific orders in the name of King George I to take from the site and the local townsfolk anything that they may have taken from the wreck. According to his journal and several frustrated letters to the governor, the entire community refused to cooperate, and the Coroner even stuck him with the bill after burying 102 bodies washed ashore from the wreck. Southack informed the governor that, although he was able to see parts of the "Whydah" on the sandbar some 500 feet from shore, his week-long efforts to recover anything of value from the wreck were repelled by intense storms, deadly waves, and rip currents cause by the Cape's extensive sandbar shoals. His letters to the governor and his map of New England, upon which he wrote the location of the "Whydah", was instrumental in explorer Barry Clifford's discovery and ongoing recovery of the "Whydah's" artifacts and treasures, now on display at the Whydah Pirate Museum in Provincetown on Cape Cod. Confirmation of the discovery was made in 1985 with Clifford's recovery of the ship's bell, embossed with the words "The + Whydah + Gally + 1716". It is currently the only fully authenticated Golden Age pirate shipwreck on earth.

paragraph: Southack was active in the British fishery at Shelburne and Canso, Nova Scotia. In his later years he apparently lived in Boston, where he died in 1745, having never been reimbursed, it is said, by the Governor for his efforts at the "Whydah" wreck. He is buried at Granary Burying Ground.

paragraph: Among the vessels he commanded were the "Porcupine" (1689–90), "Mary" (1690), "William and Mary" (1692), "Friends Adventure" (1693), "Seaflower" (1703), and the "Massachusetts Province Galley", between 1697 and 1714.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- namesake of Phillips Street - Southack Street and Southack Court, Beacon Hill, Boston

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- THE WHYDAH PIRATE MUSEUM, Historians Kenneth J. Kinkor, Rev. Jim Cunningham D.D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clifford, Barry, "EXPEDITION WHYDAH"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clifford, Barry, "THE PIRATE PRINCE"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southack, Cyprian, circa 1717, "An Actual Survey of the Sea Coast from New Your to the Isle of Cape Briton"

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Province Galley of Massachusetts Bay

description: English cartographer

wikidata_label: Cyprian Southack

wikipedia_title: Cyprian Southack


text: Bourg-en-Bresse

categories: French male sculptors,1993 deaths,People from Bourg-en-Bresse,French male painters,20th-century French architects,20th-century French sculptors,1916 births,20th-century French painters

paragraph: José Charlet

paragraph: José Charlet, (October 19, 1916 in Bourg-en-Bresse – 1993) was a French architect, painter, sculptor, and professor at the Beaux Arts of Paris.

paragraph: Architect of the 49, rue du Pas Saint Maurice House in Suresnes France in 1959

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: From 1946, he exhibited his work in Los Angeles, where the MOMA of New York bought a sculpture from him.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.artnet.com/artists/jose-charlet/past-auction-results

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20080914080038/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/1517982

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.bruun-rasmussen.dk/search.do?pg=6&t=a&iid=300425130&did=1003076&lang=en&mode=detail

wikidata_label: José Charlet

wikipedia_title: José Charlet


text:
Benedictine monk
Abbey of St Albans
Matthew Paris
Wallingford Priory
Wymondham Abbey
tide table
high tide
London Bridge
chronicle
English history
Brutus
Cnut
Roger of Wendover
Flores Historiarum
John of Wallingford
critical edition
Thomas Gale
Joseph Stevenson
William Hunt
Dictionary of National Biography
Bede
Dunstan
Florence of Worcester
St. Brice's Day massacre

categories: 13th-century Christian monks,Medieval European scribes,1258 deaths,13th-century historians,English male non-fiction writers,English manuscripts,Year of birth missing,13th-century English writers,English historians,English Christian monks

paragraph: John of Wallingford (d. 1258)

paragraph: John of Wallingford (died 1258) was a Benedictine monk at the Abbey of St Albans, who served as the abbey's infirmarer at some time between c.1246-7 and his death in 1258. He is now mostly known through a manuscript containing a miscellaneous collection of material, mostly written up by Wallingford from various works by his contemporary at the abbey Matthew Paris, which survives as British Library Cotton MS Julius D VII. This manuscript includes the so-called Chronica Joannis Wallingford or Chronicle of John of Wallingford.

paragraph: Towards the end of the manuscript, accompanying three pages of obituaries of St. Albans monks taken from Paris, are statements indicating that he became a monk on 9 October 1231 (presumably at Wallingford Priory which was a cell of St Albans), and moved to St Albans itself between June 1246 and February 1247. It is also known that he was infirmarer, in charge of the infirmary at the abbey, until at least 1253, and that in about 1257 he moved again to Wymondham Abbey in Norfolk, another cell of St Albans. A final note, in another hand, records that he died there on 14 August 1258.

paragraph: Amongst a miscellany of items, including an outline chronicle for a history of Britain, and a tide table for predicting "flod at London brigge" (i.e. the time of high tide at London Bridge), that is credited with being the earliest extant such tide table in Europe,

paragraph: other items in the manuscript include a drawing of Wallingford by Paris, a draft for a map of Britain by Paris to which Wallingford has added some further place-names, and a copy by Wallingford of Matthew Paris's picture of King Henry III's elephant.

paragraph: Section::::The so-called "Chronica Joannis Wallingford".

paragraph: Folios 10r to 33v of the manuscript are written in a different hand, and contain a chronicle of English history from the legendary Brutus to Cnut (d. 1035) – though more of it is in fact devoted to hagiographies of English saints than to history. The work shares many sources with Roger of Wendover's "Flores Historiarum", presumably compiled from the same library at the same time; but its paraphrasing is different, and sometimes it is much more extensive in its extracts. In the past this anonymous chronicle has sometimes been attributed to the above John of Wallingford who was a contemporary of Matthew Paris, including in its first printed edition, and sometimes to his namesake, the John of Wallingford who was abbot of St Albans from 1195 to 1214. However it is now believed to have been written by an unknown monk at some point after Abbot John's time, but before John the infirmarer obtained the manuscript.

paragraph: Richard Vaughan produced a critical edition of the work.

paragraph: A heavily abridged extract from the chronicle had previously been printed by Thomas Gale in 1691 in his "Historiæ Britannicæ Saxonicæ Anglo-Danicæ Scriptores XV". An English translation by Joseph Stevenson was published in 1854.

paragraph: Stevenson found that:

paragraph: There are few histories more perplexing than the production of this unknown chronicler which we have here translated. The tone of confidence with which he questions the statements of others (upon points of chronology as well as history), and advances his own conclusions, is calculated at first to secure deference to his authority. A more accurate investigation, however, shows us that the greater number of his assertions must be received with caution unless supported by collateral evidence. Several of them have been pointed out in the foot-notes, but their number might yet further be extended.

paragraph: William Hunt, writing for the "Dictionary of National Biography" in 1899, considered that

paragraph: The author evidently used several excellent authorities, such as Bede, the Saxon priest's "Life of Dunstan", Florence of Worcester, and the like; but, though he makes some attempts at comparison and criticism, has inserted so many exaggerations and misconceptions apparently current in his own time, and has further so strangely confused the results of his reading, that his production is historically worthless.

paragraph: The chronicle writer is nonetheless still occasionally quoted, for example his remark preceding his account of the St. Brice's Day massacre of the Danes in 1002 during the reign of Ethelred the Unready, that

paragraph: the Danes, thanks to their habit of combing their hair every day, of bathing every Saturday and regularly changing their clothes, were able to undermine the virtue of married women and even seduce the daughters of nobles to be their mistresses.

description: Benedictine monk at the Abbey of St Albans, associate of Matthew Paris

wikidata_label: John of Wallingford

wikipedia_title: John of Wallingford (d. 1258)


text:
football
quarterback
National Football League
college football
Purdue University
All-American
1970 NFL Draft
Cleveland Browns
Chicago Bears
Shelbyville, Indiana
Columbus High School
Columbus, Indiana
high school football
Purdue Boilermakers football
Bob Griese
Notre Dame Fighting Irish
Big Ten Conference
Leroy Keyes
Heisman Trophy
Ohio State Buckeyes
Stanford University
Heisman Trophy
Oklahoma Sooners
Steve Owens
Sammy Baugh Trophy
Rhodes Scholarship
Paul Warfield
1970 NFL season
Pittsburgh Steelers
Cincinnati Bengals
Kansas City Chiefs
Green Bay Packers
San Diego Chargers
Miami Dolphins
Kansas City Chiefs
Brian Sipe
Cincinnati Bengals
New York Jets
Shafer Suggs
Ozzie Newsome
1977 NFL season
Bob Avellini
Vince Evans
Jim McMahon
NFL draft
Mike Ditka
College Football Hall of Fame

categories: 1947 births,Cleveland Browns players,American football quarterbacks,People from Broward County, Florida,Chicago Bears players,College Football Hall of Fame inductees,Purdue Boilermakers football players,Living people,People from Shelbyville, Indiana,All-American college football players

paragraph: Mike Phipps

paragraph: Michael Elston Phipps (born January 19, 1947) is a former American college and professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for twelve seasons during the 1970s and 1980s. Phipps played college football for Purdue University, and was recognized as an All-American. He was the third overall pick in the 1970 NFL Draft, and played professionally for the Cleveland Browns and Chicago Bears of the NFL.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Phipps was born in Shelbyville, Indiana. He attended Columbus High School in Columbus, Indiana, and played for the Columbus Bulldogs high school football team.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Phipps attended Purdue University, where he played for the Purdue Boilermakers football team. He began his college career when he replaced All-American Boilermakers quarterback Bob Griese. His first major victory was a 28-21 upset of defending national champion Notre Dame Fighting Irish on September 30, 1967. Combining strong passing skills with excellent mobility helped Phipps establish a new school single-season record for total offense and earn the Boilermakers a share of the Big Ten Conference title.

paragraph: The following year, Phipps suffered an ankle injury that kept him out of two games, and was overshadowed by teammate Leroy Keyes, a running back who spent all season in contention for the Heisman Trophy. The Boilermakers were the top-ranked team in the country until the Ohio State Buckeyes upset them 13-0 on October 12.

paragraph: In 1969, Phipps became the focal point of Purdue's offense, throwing for five touchdowns in a 36-35 thriller over Stanford University on October 4, including throwing for a two-point conversion with three minutes left. He also defeated Notre Dame for the third consecutive year. Phipps finished second in the voting for the Heisman Trophy to Oklahoma Sooners running back Steve Owens.

paragraph: Although he was awarded the 1969 Sammy Baugh Trophy, he declined a Rhodes Scholarship to concentrate on a professional football career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Phipps was picked third in the 1970 NFL Draft by the Miami Dolphins, who traded him to the Cleveland Browns for All Pro wide receiver Paul Warfield on January 27, 1970. Phipps saw limited action during his first two seasons. In the team's third game of the 1970 NFL season, Phipps came off the bench to lead a 15-7 comeback victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers. However, his lone start of the year would be a 14-10 loss to the Cincinnati Bengals on November 15, 1970, as the rookie finished with 529 passing yards on the season. The following year, Phipps threw for only 179 yards and started just one contest: a 13-7 defeat to the Kansas City Chiefs on November 14.

paragraph: In 1972, Phipps again began the season on the sidelines, but became the team's starting quarterback after a disappointing 26-10 opening game loss to the Green Bay Packers on September 17. He threw for 13 touchdowns and nearly 2,000 yards, helping the Browns reach the NFL playoffs. In the November 13 game against the San Diego Chargers, he led a last-minute drive to win the 21-17 contest. In the team's playoff clash against the undefeated Miami Dolphins on December 24, Phipps had led the team to a 14-13 fourth quarter lead, but his five interceptions helped end hopes of a possible upset.

paragraph: The following year, he threw for nine touchdowns, but was intercepted 20 times. Despite these struggles, he engineered two late-season comebacks in a win over the Steelers and a tie against the Kansas City Chiefs. However, the Browns missed the playoffs with a 7-5-2 record. In 1974, the team collapsed with a 4-10 record, and Phipps was briefly replaced by Brian Sipe at mid-season.

paragraph: The 1975 season was even more disastrous as the Browns dropped their first nine games. However, Phipps went 23 of 36 in the team's first victory, a 35-23 win over the Cincinnati Bengals on November 23 in Cleveland. Phipps threw for a personal high of 298 yards with 2 TD passes and no interceptions. Two other victories helped give hope for a turnaround the following season.

paragraph: In the team's 1976 opener against the New York Jets, Phipps started the game, but suffered a separated shoulder after being tackled by the Jets' Shafer Suggs. By the time he had recovered from the injury, Sipe had established himself as the team's new leader and Phipps' time in Cleveland was soon to come to an end.

paragraph: That finish came on May 3, 1977, when Phipps was traded to the Bears for a first round draft pick in 1978, which turned out to be Hall of Fame tight end Ozzie Newsome. He saw minimal action during the 1977 NFL season, threw for two touchdowns (along with 10 interceptions) the next year, but saw his most extensive action in 1979. During that year, he threw for 1,535 yards and nine touchdowns, as he battled teammates Bob Avellini and Vince Evans for playing time.

paragraph: Phipps threw for a pair of touchdowns in each of the next two seasons, but his limited role and the arrival of both quarterback Jim McMahon in the 1982 NFL draft and new coach Mike Ditka resulted in his release.

paragraph: Phipps was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2006.

description: All-American college football player, professional football player, quarterback

wikidata_label: Mike Phipps

wikipedia_title: Mike Phipps


text:
AD
Japanese
sculptor
Heian period
yosegi
canon
Buddhist
Kōfuku-ji
Nara
Kyoto
Fujiwara no Michinaga
Fujiwara regents
Heian period
Hōjōji
Dharma
Amida
Jōruri-ji
Tomino-o
Fujiwara no Yorimichi
Phoenix Hall
Byōdō-in
Uji
Japanese art
guild
Kakujo
Injo
Raijo
Kōjo
Kōkei
school
Kamakura period
yosegi
proportion
canon
halo
tennin

categories: Japanese Buddhists,Japanese sculptors,1057 deaths

paragraph: Jōchō

paragraph: Jōchō (定朝; died 1057 AD), also known as Jōchō Busshi, was a Japanese sculptor of the Heian period. He popularized the "yosegi" technique of sculpting a single figure out of many pieces of wood, and he redefined the canon used to create Buddhist imagery. His style spread across Japan and defined Japanese sculpture for the next 150 years. Today, art historians cite Jōchō as "the first of a new kind of master sculptor" and "one of the most innovative artists Japan has ever produced."

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Jōchō trained at the Kōfuku-ji, a temple in Nara. By 1020, he was an artist of some renown with a studio in Kyoto. At this time, Fujiwara no Michinaga, the greatest of the Fujiwara regents of the Heian period, commissioned him to decorate the Hōjōji, a temple that Fujiwara had founded. Jōchō's efforts there earned him the title "Hokkyō" (Master of the Dharma Bridge) in 1022, a rare accolade for a sculptor.

paragraph: Jōchō later worked on sculpture for the Kōfuku-ji. This work earned him an even higher title, Hōgen (Master of the Dharma Eye). He or his school may also have sculpted nine wooden Amida figures at Jōruri-ji, a temple at Tomino-o.

paragraph: Michinaga's son, Fujiwara no Yorimichi, gave Jōchō his next commission. The artist was to create an Amida statue for the Phoenix Hall of the Byōdō-in, a temple in Uji near Kyoto. Jōchō completed the piece sometime after 1052. This is the earliest of Jōchō's works to have survived to the present day, and many other pieces by him are still preserved at this temple.

paragraph: Jōchō and his studio are the first verifiable example of a school of Japanese art being perpetuated through Japan's guild-like inheritance system. Jōchō's techniques were passed on to his son, Kakujo, his grandsons, Injo and Raijo, his great-grandson, Kōjo, and ultimately Kōkei. The school started by this last artist would go on to revolutionize Japanese sculpture in the Kamakura period.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Jōchō popularized the Chinese technique of creating a work from several smaller pieces of sculpted wood ("yosegi"). Although it limited the amount of surface detail the artist could carve into each piece, the method forced the sculptor to convey his intended message within these limits. This resulted in more refined and ethereal-looking pieces. More importantly, it allowed several assistants to work on the sculpture at once, greatly speeding the process. Jōchō, as the master, did the finishing work. The technique also led to systematized proportions of body parts and simple surface details, as these sped the creation of the constituent parts and the formation of the finished piece.

paragraph: Art historians often cite this new canon of proportions as evidence of Jōchō's genius. He based the measurements on a unit equal to the distance between the sculpted figure's chin and hairline. The distance between each knee is equal to the distance from the bottoms of the legs to the hair. The widely spaced and level knees thus form the base of a triangular design, conveying a feeling of stability and peace. The effect is further accentuated by the contrast of other elements in the design, particularly the figures' halos. These are intricately detailed, featuring dancing tennin, clouds, and flames. Jōchō's sculptures' expressions convey compassion and elegance, and the detailed and precise carving of the facial features projects a certain kindness.

paragraph: The workshop method of dividing work among several craftsmen caught on, as did Jōchō's style. His school was imitated by sculptors across Japan for the over next 150 years, as Japanese sculpture devolved into a conformist orthodoxy before being reinvented in the Kamakura period.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mason, Penelope (2005). "History of Japanese Art". 2nd ed, rev. by Dinwiddie, Donald. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Noma, Seiroku (2003). "The Arts of Japan: Ancient and Medieval". Kodansha International.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paine, Robert Treat, and Soper, Alexander (1981). "The Art and Architecture of Japan". 3rd ed. Penguin Books Ltd.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shively, Donald H., and McCullough, William H. (1999). "The Cambridge History of Japan", Vol. 2: Heian Japan. Cambridge University Press.

alias: Jocho Jouchou

description: Japanese sculptor

wikidata_label: Jōchō

wikipedia_title: Jōchō


text: British peer

text: Member of Parliament

text: James Grimston, 3rd Viscount Grimston

text: House of Commons

text: St Albans

text: Viscount Grimston

text: Baron Verulam

text: House of Lords

text: Lord Forrester

text: Peerage of the United Kingdom

text: Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire

text: George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon

text: Hon. Edward Harbottle Grimston

text: William Craven, 2nd Earl of Craven

text: Hon. Robert Grimston

text: Hon. Francis Sylvester Grimston

text: James Alexander, 3rd Earl of Caledon

text: James

categories: 1845 deaths,UK MPs 1802–1806,Lord-Lieutenants of Hertfordshire,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,UK MPs 1806–1807,1775 births,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Earls of Verulam,Tory MPs (pre-1834),UK MPs 1807–1812

paragraph: James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam

paragraph: James Walter Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam (26 September 1775 – 17 November 1845), styled Lord Dunboyne from 1775 until 1808 and known as Viscount Grimston from 1808 to 1815, was a British peer and Member of Parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Grimston was the son of James Grimston, 3rd Viscount Grimston of Gorhambury House, and Harriot Walter.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: In 1802 Grimston was elected to the House of Commons for St Albans, a seat he held until 1808, when he succeeded his father as fourth Viscount Grimston and second Baron Verulam and entered the House of Lords. The latter year he also succeeded his maternal cousin as tenth Lord Forrester. In 1815 Verulam was created Viscount Grimston and Earl of Verulam in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He later held the honorary post of Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire from 1823 to 1845.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Verulam married Lady Charlotte Jenkinson, daughter of Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool, in 1807. They had six sons and four daughters, all of whom married into the peerage and all married earls:

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Walter Grimston, 2nd Earl of Verulam (Feb. 22, 1809 –1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Katherine Grimston (April 18, 1810–1874), married in 1834 John Foster-Barham (d. 1838), married in 1839 George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Edward Harbottle Grimston (Aug. 2, 1812–1881)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Henry Luckyn Grimston (August 1813 - 1814, young)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Emily Mary Grimston (Feb. 14, 1816–1901), married William Craven, 2nd Earl of Craven

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Robert Grimston (Sept. 18, 1816–1884)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Capt. Hon. Charles Grimston (Oct. 3, 1818–1857), Coldstream Guards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Mary Augusta Frederica Grimston (July 29, 1821–1879), married Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, 4th Earl of Radnor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rev. Hon. Francis Sylvester Grimston (Dec. 8, 1823–1865), married Katherine Morier and had issue

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Jane Frederica Harriet Mary Grimston (Jan. 17, 1825–1888), married James Alexander, 3rd Earl of Caledon

paragraph: Lord Verulam died in November 1845, aged 70, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son James. Lady Verulam died in 1863.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

alias:
James Grimston
James Walter Grimston

description: British peer and Member of Parliament

wikidata_label: James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam

wikipedia_title: James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam


text: Conservative

text: The Times

text: Sir Alfred Jodrell, 4th Baronet

text: 1st Baron Donington

text: 10th Countess of Loudoun

text: Conservative

text: James

text: House of Commons

text: St Albans

text: Newport, Cornwall

text: Hertfordshire

text: House of Lords

text: Earl of Derby

text: Lord-in-waiting

text: Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire

text: Jamaica

text: s

text: d

text: first-class cricket

text: Marylebone Cricket Club

text: Edward

text: Robert

text: Francis

text: Walter Grimston

text: Lord Hyde

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,Lord-Lieutenants of Hertfordshire,UK MPs 1837–1841,English cricketers of 1826 to 1863,Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers,1809 births,Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club,Married v Single cricketers,UK MPs 1835–1837,Gentlemen of England cricketers,Non-international England cricketers,UK MPs 1830–1831,UK MPs 1841–1847,UK MPs 1831–1832,Conservative Party (UK) Baronesses- and Lords-in-Waiting,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,English cricketers,Gentlemen cricketers,1895 deaths

paragraph: James Grimston, 2nd Earl of Verulam

paragraph: James Walter Grimston, 2nd Earl of Verulam (20 February 1809 – 27 July 1895), known as Viscount Grimston from 1815 to 1845, was a British peer and Conservative politician. He was the eldest son of James Walter Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam, and Lady Charlotte Jenkinson. He succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Verulam in November 1845.

paragraph: In 1860, The Times noted that Grimston was one of only three to hold peerages in all three Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Verulam married Elizabeth Joanna Weyland, daughter of Richard Weyland, in 1844. They had six children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Harriot Elizabeth Grimston (c.1845 – 15 August 1888), married Maj.-Gen. Francis Harwood Poore on 6 March 1885

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Jane Grimston (12 December 1848 – 2 November 1920), married Sir Alfred Jodrell, 4th Baronet on 25 February 1897

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Walter Grimston, 3rd Earl of Verulam (1852–1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cmdr. Hon. William Grimston (7 January 1855 – 10 May 1900)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Maud Grimston (c.1857 – 3 September 1929), married Maj. Paulyn Rawdon-Hastings, son of the 1st Baron Donington and the 10th Countess of Loudoun, and had issue

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canon Hon. Robert Grimston (18 April 1860 – 8 July 1928), married Gertrude Villiers and had issue, including the Conservative politician Robert Grimston, 1st Baron Grimston of Westbury.

paragraph: Lord Verulam died in July 1895, aged 86, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son James.

paragraph: Section::::Politics and business.

paragraph: Verulam was elected to the House of Commons for St Albans in 1830, a seat he held until 1831, and then represented Newport, Cornwall from 1831 to 1832 and Hertfordshire from 1832 to 1845. The latter year Verulam succeeded his father in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. He later served in the first two administrations of the Earl of Derby as a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) in 1852 and from 1858 to 1859. Between 1845 and 1892 he also held the honorary post of Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire, in succession to his father.

paragraph: Grimston owned property in Jamaica, and following the abolition of the slave trade, between 1836 and 1837 he was associated with claims of £7,359 18s 4d in compensation for the loss of 376 slaves.

paragraph: Section::::Cricket.

paragraph: Verulam played first-class cricket as a right-handed batsman. He was mainly associated with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), making 21 appearances from 1830 to 1849. In contemporary scorecards to 1845, he was given as Lord Grimston.

paragraph: Several members of his family were first-class cricketers: three of his brothers Edward, Robert and Francis all played, as did his nephews Walter Grimston and Lord Hyde.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: James Grimston, 2nd Earl of Verulam

wikipedia_title: James Grimston, 2nd Earl of Verulam


text:
motor racing
Ipswich
British Touring Car Championship
BMW 120d
Classic Touring Car Racing Club
Ford Escort
Kumho BMW Championship
AFM Racing
Team AFM Racing

categories: English racing drivers,1972 births,British Touring Car Championship drivers,Sportspeople from Ipswich,Living people

paragraph: Rick Kerry

paragraph: Rick Kerry (born 22 January 1972) is a British motor racing driver from Ipswich, United Kingdom. In 2007, Kerry drove in the British Touring Car Championship in a BMW 120d, the championship's first-ever diesel car.

paragraph: Section::::Racing History.

paragraph: Prior to joining the BTCC, Kerry competed in the Classic Touring Car Racing Club in a Ford Escort XR3. He then moved into the Kumho BMW Championship in 2002. The first car he raced in the championship was an E34 M5. In 2005 & 2006 he drove an M3 E36, which was built, developed and run by West Suffolk Racing. The new car proved a great success as he was champion straight away in 2005, and again in 2006. At the end of the 2006 season, he took the decision to join the BTCC for 2007.

paragraph: Section::::BTCC 2007.

paragraph: Kerry graduated to the series with Team Alternative Fuel Motorsport Racing, or Team AFM Racing. Kerry opted to enter a BMW 1 Series rather than the conventional S2000 BMW 320SI campaigned in the WTCC by the BMW factory teams. The car, which was built by Team AFM, made its track debut at Snetterton on 23 March 2007, just a week before the start of the season. Kerry entered seven of the ten rounds, but missed three of the 21 races for which the team was present. He scored no overall points, but came 20th overall in the Independents category.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team AFM Racing

description: British racing driver

wikidata_label: Rick Kerry

wikipedia_title: Rick Kerry


text: Benedictine

text: exegete

text: liturgical

text: Liège

text: Abbey of Deutz

text: Cologne

text: Patrologia Latina

text: impanation

text: Eucharist

text: heresy

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: transubstantiation

text: Honorius Augustodunensis

text: Gerhoch of Reichersberg

text: PDF

text: Rupertus Tuitensis

text: Rupert de Deutz

categories: 1129 deaths,12th-century Roman Catholic theologians,Year of birth uncertain,Belgian Benedictines,People from Liège

paragraph: Rupert of Deutz

paragraph: Rupert of Deutz (; c. 1075/1080 – c. 1129) was an influential Benedictine theologian, exegete and writer on liturgical and musical topics.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Rupert was from Liège, and late in life became abbot of the Abbey of Deutz, in what is now a suburb of Cologne. His was a prolific writer, and his works take up four volumes in "Patrologia Latina" (vols. 167–170); they include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De voluntate Dei"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De omnipotentia Dei"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Commentaria in canticum canticorum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De divinis officiis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Victoria Verbi Dei" ("The Victory of the Word of God").

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Gloria et Honore Filii Hominis super Mattheum" ("The Glory and Honor of the Son of Man"), composed about 1127.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Trinitate et operibus eius", written around 1112–16.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De glorificatione Trinitatis et processione Spiritus sancti", written in 1128.

paragraph: His works were later scrutinized in relation with the doctrine of impanation, a Eucharistic heresy according to the Roman Catholic Church because, contrary to the dogma of transubstantiation wherein the substance (but not the appearances and physical characteristics) of the bread and wine is wholly converted into the substance of Christ's Body and Blood, united to his divine person, impanation maintains that Christ directly unites the substance of the bread and wine to his divine person (or sometimes to his human nature), just as he united his own body and blood to his divine person. They influenced the theology in particular of Honorius Augustodunensis and Gerhoch of Reichersberg.

paragraph: He died in Deutz.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard McGinn, "The Growth of Mysticism", (1994), pp328-333

paragraph: BULLET::::- John H. van Engen (1983): "Rupert of Deutz"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meinolf Schumacher (1999): "Rupert von Deutz erzählt eine Fabel. Über Inkonsequenzen in der mittelalterlichen Kritik weltlicher Dichtung", in "Poetica" 31, p. 81-99 (PDF)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Fourth Gospel In The Twelfth Century: Rupert Of Deutz On The Gospel Of John, by Abigail Ann Young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rupertus Tuitensis on Documenta Catholica Omnia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rupert de Deutz, musicologie

alias:
Rupertus Tuitensis
Rupertus Abbas Tuitiensis

description: abbot, theologian, exegete and writer on liturgical and musical topics

wikidata_label: Rupert of Deutz

wikipedia_title: Rupert of Deutz


text:
lyrical poetry
Sanskrit literature
Kalidasa
Anandavardhana
Andrew Schelling
Sringara
Adi Shankara
his debate
Maṇḍana Miśra
colophon
"Erotic Love Poems from India"
translated by Greg Bailey
"Love Lyrics"
Clay Sanskrit Library
Arthur Anthony Macdonell
Some verses
The Sanskrit text
GRETIL

categories: Medieval literature,Indian poetry collections

paragraph: Amaru Shataka

paragraph: The Amaruśataka or Amarukaśataka (अमरुशतक, "the hundred stanzas of Amaru"), authored by Amaru (also Amaruka), is a collection of poems dated to about the 7th or 8th century.

paragraph: The "Amaruśataka" ranks as one of the finest lyrical poetry in the annals of Sanskrit literature, ranking with Kalidasa and 's "". The ninth-century literary critic Anandavardhana declared in his "Dhvanyaloka" that "a single stanza of the poet Amaru ... may provide the taste of love equal to what's found in whole volumes." Its verses have been used by poets and critics as examples and standards to judge other poems by. Andrew Schelling describes it as "love poetry original and vivid as that produced anywhere on the planet".

paragraph: Its subject is mostly Sringara (erotic love, romantic love) including aspects such as love, passion, estrangement, longing, rapprochement, joy and sorrow, etc. Greg Bailey notes that it is "as much about the social aspects of courting, betrayal, feminine indignance and masculine self-pity as it is about sensuality". Similarly, Schelling notes: "All the flavours or nuances of love are said to lie within the book, though you'll notice that the emphasis falls more on the bitter taste of separation or betrayal than on the sweetness of consummation."

paragraph: Section::::Authorship.

paragraph: Not much is known about the life of Amaru. Traditional accounts attribute the work to King Amaru of Kashmir. The collection in its present form may well represent the work of more than one author—the poems that form part of the collection differ quite significantly across its different regional recensions.

paragraph: There are also a number of legends associating the collection with the philosopher Adi Shankara. One version occurs in his 14th century biography written by a follower, the "Shankara-digvijaya". According to this version, during his debate with Maṇḍana Miśra, he was asked philosophical questions phrased in metaphors of love by the latter's wife, Ubhaya Bharati. Being celibate and therefore ignorant of the "kama shastras", Shankara requested an adjournment. He then entered the recently dead body of Amaru and spent a hundred days mastering the art of erotic love, before returning to defeat his opponent. He wrote the Amarushataka to memorialise his learning.

paragraph: Another version, given in Ravichandra's commentary on the Amarushataka, states that Shankara composed these poems to impart spiritual insight to the epicurean king Amaru, in metaphors he might understand. When this was misunderstood and mocked by the advisers at the court, Shankara entered the body of Amaru and provided a spiritual exegesis of the poems.

paragraph: Accordingly, several manuscripts add colophons naming Shankara as the true author of the work, and Ravichandra, a mediaeval commentator on the Bengal recension of the Amarusataka, read metaphysical meanings into the verses. Other legends also state that Amaru was the 101st reincarnation of a soul that had previously occupied 100 women.

paragraph: Section::::English translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Erotic Love Poems from India", A Translation of the "Amarushataka" translated by Andrew Schelling, Shambala Library, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "Amaruśataka" was also translated by Greg Bailey as part of the volume "Love Lyrics" in the Clay Sanskrit Library.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amarusatakam (A centum of Ancient Love Lyrics of Amaruka)"; edited by C. R. Devadhar A literal translation of the complete text Motilal Banarsidass: first published Poona, 1959; Reprint: Delhi, 1984

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Norton Anthology of World Literature" features a translation by Martha Ann Selby.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1900),

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Some verses from Schelling's translation

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Sanskrit text at GRETIL

description: Indian poet and writer

wikidata_label: Amaru Shataka

wikipedia_title: Amaru Shataka


text:
Montfort-en-Chalosse
rugby union
France
International Rugby Hall of Fame
Guy Boniface
IRB Hall of Fame

categories: Sportspeople from Landes (department),World Rugby Hall of Fame inductees,1934 births,Rugby union centres,France international rugby union players,International Rugby Hall of Fame inductees,French rugby union players,Rugby union wings,Living people

paragraph: André Boniface

paragraph: André Boniface (born August 14, 1934 in Montfort-en-Chalosse) is a former international rugby union player for France. His usual position was either on the wing or in the centres. His Test career for France, 1954 through to 1966, included 48 caps and 44 points. Boniface was inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame in 2005. Both he and his younger brother Guy Boniface were inducted into the IRB Hall of Fame in March 2011.

description: French rugby union footballer

wikidata_label: André Boniface

wikipedia_title: André Boniface


text:
João Pessoa
Paraíba
Brazil
Brazil
cinematographer
Cinema of Brazil
Carandiru
Lula Carvalho
Sergeant Getulio
Central Station
Midnight
To the Left of the Father
Madame Satã
Mango Yellow
Carandiru
Cazuza – O Tempo Não Pára
Heleno

categories: Living people,Brazilian cinematographers,1947 births

paragraph: Walter Carvalho

paragraph: Walter Carvalho (born 1947 in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil) is a critically and internationally acclaimed Brazilian cinematographer.

paragraph: Carvalho has worked on over 60 films in his career since entering the Cinema of Brazil in 1973.

paragraph: He has won some 30 different professional film awards to date and has worked on acclaimed Brazilian films such as "Carandiru" in 2003.

paragraph: He is the father of also cinematographer Lula Carvalho.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sergeant Getulio" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Central Station" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Midnight" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To the Left of the Father" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madame Satã" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mango Yellow" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carandiru" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cazuza – O Tempo Não Pára" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heleno" (2011)

alias:
Válter Carvalho
Valter Carvalho

description: Brazilian cinematographer

wikidata_label: Walter Carvalho

wikipedia_title: Walter Carvalho


text:
American football
tight end
Carolina Panthers
National Football League
college football
Indiana
2018 NFL Draft
Nassau Community College
Georgia Southern
2018 Senior Bowl
2018 Senior Bowl
Houston Texans'
Bill O'Brien's
NFL Scouting Combine
Indianapolis
Atlanta Falcons
Jacksonville Jaguars
CBS Sports
Scouts Inc.
Carolina Panthers
2018 NFL Draft
$
contract
signing bonus
Indiana Hoosiers bio

categories: American football tight ends,1995 births,Indiana Hoosiers football players,Sportspeople from Baltimore,Carolina Panthers players,Players of American football from Maryland,Nassau Community College alumni,Living people

paragraph: Ian Thomas (American football)

paragraph: Ian Thomas (born June 6, 1995) is an American football tight end for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Indiana, and was drafted by the Panthers in the fourth round of the 2018 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Thomas's mother Martha died due to liver and kidney failure before Thomas was nine. His father died a year later due to a heart attack.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Thomas graduated from Nassau Community College in 2016, and joined Indiana for his junior year. Thomas played all 13 games during his first year at Indiana, acting as a blocking tight end and only recording only 3 catches. During his senior year, after a game against Georgia Southern, in which he had a 71 yard touchdown, Thomas was named the Mackey Award Tight End of the Week. As a Senior, Thomas had 25 receptions for 376 yards and 5 touchdowns.

paragraph: Following his senior season at Indiana, Thomas was invited to the 2018 Senior Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On November 21, 2017, it was reported that Thomas has accepted his invitation to play in the 2018 Senior Bowl. Thomas helped his draft stock by impressing scouts during Senior Bowl practices. On January 27, 2018, Thomas played in the Reese's Senior Bowl and was part of Houston Texans' head coach Bill O'Brien's South team that defeated the North 45–16. He participated at the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis and performed the majority of combine drills, but opted to skip the bench press due to a pre-existing shoulder injury.

paragraph: On April 3, 2018, Thomas attended Indiana's pro day, but chose to stand on his combine numbers and only ran positional drills. He also attended private meetings and workouts with the Atlanta Falcons and Jacksonville Jaguars. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, his draft projections by NFL draft experts and scouts varied from as early as the second round to as late as the seventh round. The majority of experts projected him to be drafted in the second or third round. Thomas was also ranked as the fifth best tight end prospect in the draft by DraftScout.com and CBS Sports and was ranked the sixth best tight end by Scouts Inc.

paragraph: The Carolina Panthers selected Thomas in the fourth round (101st overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft. He was the sixth tight end drafted in 2018.

paragraph: On May 10, 2018, the Carolina Panthers signed Thomas to a four-year, $3.20 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $747,994. He made his NFL debut in the season opener against the Dallas Cowboys. In the 16–8 victory, he had four receiving yards on his first two career receptions.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indiana Hoosiers bio

description: American football tight end

wikidata_label: Ian Thomas (American football)

wikipedia_title: Ian Thomas (American football)


text:
American football
linebacker
Chicago Bears
National Football League
Utah
BYU
2018 Senior Bowl
Chicago Bears
2018 NFL Draft
Chicago Bears bio
Utah Utes bio

categories: Players of American football from California,Living people,American football defensive ends,Chicago Bears players,Sportspeople from San Bernardino, California,Utah Utes football players,1994 births,American football linebackers,UCLA Bruins football players

paragraph: Kylie Fitts

paragraph: Kylie Roy Fitts (born October 11, 1994) is an American football linebacker for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Utah.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Fitts originally signed with UCLA, but transferred after one year with the program. After redshirting for a year, Fitts played in all 13 games during his sophomore year. Fitts injured his foot during the second game of his junior year against BYU, and was declared out for the year. Fitts continued to deal with injuries during his senior year, but recorded 3 sacks and 23 tackles during his senior year. He was also invited to the 2018 Senior Bowl.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Fitts was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the sixth round (181st overall) in the 2018 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chicago Bears bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Utah Utes bio

description: American-football player (1994-)

wikidata_label: Kylie Fitts

wikipedia_title: Kylie Fitts


text:
American football
cornerback
Denver Broncos
National Football League
Doherty Memorial High School
Worcester, Massachusetts
college football
Boston College
Bryant
Holy Cross
Connecticut
2018 Senior Bowl
Harold Landry
2018 Senior Bowl
Senior Bowl
Denver Broncos'
Vance Joseph's
Houston Texans'
Bill O'Brien
NFL Scouting Combine
Indianapolis
Scouts Inc.
Denver Broncos
2018 NFL Draft
$
contract
signing bonus
Ghana
Boston College Eagles bio

categories: American football cornerbacks,Sportspeople from Worcester, Massachusetts,Players of American football from Massachusetts,Boston College Eagles football players,1996 births,Denver Broncos players,Living people

paragraph: Isaac Yiadom

paragraph: Isaac Yiadom (born February 20, 1996) is an American football cornerback for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). A graduate of Doherty Memorial High School in Worcester, Massachusetts, he played college football at Boston College.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: After high school, Yiadom signed with Boston College over offers from Bryant, Holy Cross, and Connecticut. After his senior year, Yiadom was invited to the 2018 Senior Bowl. Boston College teammates Harold Landry and Kamrin Moore were also invited, making it the first time since 2006 that 3 players from Boston College were invited to the senior bowl.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On December 18, 2017, it was announced that Yiadom had accepted his invitation to play in the 2018 Senior Bowl. Prior to the Senior Bowl, Yiadom was ranked as the 47th best cornerback prospect in the by DraftScout.com and was unheralded due to his minimal targets in college. He impressed scouts and analysts with a strong week of practice for the Senior Bowl and immensely helped his draft stock. On January 27, 2018, Yiadom played in the 2018 Reese's Senior Bowl and was part of Denver Broncos' head coach Vance Joseph's South team that lost 45–16 to the North coach by Houston Texans' head coach Bill O'Brien. He attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis and performed the majority of combine drills, but opted to skip the vertical jump and three-cone drill.

paragraph: On March 21, 2018, Yiadom participated at Boston College's pro day and chose to perform the 40-yard dash (4.56s), 20-yard dash (2.63s), 10-yard dash (1.53s), vertical jump (34.5"), broad jump (10'0"), short shuttle (4.23s), and three-cone drill (6.85s). At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Yiadom was projected to be a third or fourth round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked the 12th best cornerback prospect in the draft by DraftScout.com and was ranked the 15th best cornerback by Scouts Inc.

paragraph: The Denver Broncos selected Yiadom in the third round (99th overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft. Yiadom was the 11th cornerback drafted in 2018.

paragraph: On May 25, 2018, the Denver Broncos signed Yiadom to a four-year, $3.32 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $761,516.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Yiadom is the son of Ghanaian immigrants. Born in Alexandria, Virginia

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boston College Eagles bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Isaac Yiadom

wikipedia_title: Isaac Yiadom


text: fl.

text: Chinese

text: landscape

text: painter

text: Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

text: Northern Song

text: Southern Tang

text: Nanjing

text: Li Houzhu

text: Kaifeng

text: hanging scroll

text: National Palace Museum

text: Taipei

text: Taiwan

text: Cleveland Museum of Art

text: Dong Yuan

text: landscape format

text: Culture of the Song Dynasty

text: Chinese painting

text: Chinese art

text: History of Chinese art

text: Orchid Pavilion Gathering

text: Juran Painting Gallery

categories: Southern Tang painters,Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms landscape painters,10th-century Chinese painters,Buddhist artists,Song dynasty landscape painters

paragraph: Juran (painter)

paragraph: Juran () (fl. 10th century) was a Chinese landscape painter of the late Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and early Northern Song periods.

paragraph: Very little is known about Juran's life, and not even his family name is known (Juran is his Buddhist name). He was a native of Chiang-Ning and worked at the Southern Tang court in Jinling (today Nanjing). Around 975 Li Houzhu, the ruler of Southern Tang, surrendered to the Northern Song dynasty. Like many, he and his court were to move to the new capital, Bianjing (now Kaifeng); Juran went with them. He lived and worked at the K'ai-pao Buddhist temple in Bianjing, but quickly rose to prominence as landscape painter.

paragraph: There are a few works that have been attributed to him on various grounds: two hanging scrolls in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan ("Storied Mountains and Dense Forests" and "Xiao Getting the Orchid Pavilion Scroll by Deception"), and one hanging scroll in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art ("Buddhist Monastery by Streams and Mountains"). All these works show influence of Dong Yuan's style of rounded contours and soft brushstrokes, but no sign of the older painter's horizontal, level-distance landscape format. According to contemporary sources, Juran also painted a wall painting, "Morning Scenery of Haze and Mist", very highly regarded by the artists of the time, but this work is lost.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Culture of the Song Dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese painting

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese art

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Chinese art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orchid Pavilion Gathering

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui (辞海编辑委员会) Ci hai (辞海). Shanghai: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she (上海辞书出版社), 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 林茨. "The art of Chinese painting" ("Cultural China" series), 2006.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juran Painting Gallery at China Online Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Landscapes Clear and Radiant: The Art of Wang Hui (1632-1717), an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Juran (see index)

description: Chinese painter

wikidata_label: Juran

wikipedia_title: Juran (painter)


text: German

text: Kaiser Wilhelm II

text: Markienen

text: East Prussia

text: Abitur

text: Prussian Army

text: Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia

text: Breslau

text: Bonn

text: Corps Borussia Bonn

text: Bartenstein

text: Danzig

text: Berlin

text: assessor

text: Goldap

text: Landeshauptmann

text: Province of East Prussia

text: World War I

text: Max von Baden

text: old-Prussian

text: Hohenzollern

text: Weimar German

categories: German untitled nobility,People from the Province of Prussia,People from Bartoszyce County,Members of the Prussian House of Lords,University of Breslau alumni,1866 births,Prussian politicians,1939 deaths

paragraph: Friedrich von Berg

paragraph: Friedrich Wilhelm Bernhard von Berg, also von Berg-Markienen, (20 November 1866 – 9 March 1939) was a German politician and chairman of the "Secret Civil Cabinet" of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Friedrich von Berg was born on his family's estate of Markienen, East Prussia (today Markiny, Poland) to the Prussian Major Friedrich von Berg (1835-1888). After passing his Abitur, Berg joined the Prussian Army in 1885 and became the personal adjutant of Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia in 1888. He left service in 1892 and started to study law at the Universities of Breslau and Bonn, where he became a member of the Corps Borussia Bonn next to the later Kaiser Wilhelm II. After passing his exam, Berg worked at the local court of Bartenstein and in 1896 at Danzig. In 1899 he moved to Berlin, where he became an assessor. In 1903 he returned to East Prussia and worked as the head of the district administration (Landrat) of Goldap.

paragraph: In 1906 he became a member of the "Geheimes Zivilkabinett" (Secret Civil Cabinet), the Kaiser's personal office. In 1909 he became the Landeshauptmann of East Prussia and in 1916 he was promoted to "Oberpräsident" of the Province of East Prussia. On 16 January 1918 Berg became the chairman of the Kaiser's office. He opposed peace negotiations to end World War I as supposed by Chancellor Max von Baden and had to resign on 11 October 1918.

paragraph: He returned to his estate in East Prussia, where he was the President of the provincial diet (Provinziallandtag) in 1919 and the old-Prussian East Prussian Provincial Synod in 1920. The same year he became the chairman of the German Nobility Association (Deutsche Adelsgenossenschaft) until 1932.

paragraph: From 1921 to 1927 Berg was the Chief Representative of the House of Hohenzollern in the negotiations over the family's personal property with the Weimar German government (Cf. Expropriation of the Princes in the Weimar Republic).

paragraph: Berg died in 1939 on his estate of Markienen.

description: German noble

wikidata_label: Friedrich von Berg

wikipedia_title: Friedrich von Berg


text:
ancient Egypt
20th dynasty
Ramesses III
Ramesses III
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
Ramesses X
Ramesses IX
Ramesses XI
Ramesses III
Ramesses IV
Nebettawy
Sitamun
Anthony Harris
Ramesses IV
Ramesses VI
Iset Ta-Hemdjert
Khaemwaset
Amenherkhepshef
Valley of the Queens
Champollion
Lepsius
Wilkinson
Hay
antechamber
Ma’at
Ptah
Thoth
Ra
Harakhti
Atum
Imset
Hapy
Duamutef
Qebehsenuef
Four Sons of Horus
Isis
Nephthys
Book of the Dead
Four Sons of Horus
Canopic chest
Souls of Pe and Nekhen
Osiris
Thoth
Nephthys
Neith
Serket
Tomb of Tyti

categories: Queens consort of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt,12th-century BC women

paragraph: Tyti

paragraph: Tyti was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 20th dynasty. A wife and sister of Ramesses III and possibly the mother of Ramesses IV.

paragraph: Section::::Place of Tyti in the 20th Dynasty.

paragraph: It was once uncertain which pharaoh was her husband, but he can now be identified as Ramesses III based on new evidence published in the 2010 issue of the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (JEA). Her titles shown that she was the daughter, sister, wife and mother of kings.

paragraph: In the past some thought she was married to Ramesses X, and that both she and her husband were the children of Ramesses IX, and their son was Ramesses XI. But another theory by Jehon Grist placed her earlier in the 20th dynasty and identifies her as a daughter-wife of Ramesses III and the mother of Ramesses IV, based on the similarities in style of her tomb and those of princes who lived during this period. However, judging from the age of their child this would mean that Ramesses married his daughter before he ascended the throne, and father-daughter marriages occurred only between pharaohs and their daughters.

paragraph: Tyti is depicted with a type of crown that is, according to one theory, an attribute of princess-queens (19th dynasty princess-queen Nebettawy was shown with this crown and 18th dynasty Sitamun wore an earlier version of it).

paragraph: Now, however, new scholarly research printed in the 2010 issue of "JEA" clearly establishes that Queen Tyti was in fact Ramesses III's wife based on certain copies of parts of the tomb robbery papyri (or Papyrus BM EA 10052)—made by Anthony Harris—which discloses confessions made by Egyptian tomb robbers who broke into Tyti's tomb and emptied it of its jewellery. Tyti is named as a queen of pharaoh Ramesses III which means that she was most likely king Ramesses IV's own mother since Ramesses VI is known to be the son of another queen of Ramesses III named Iset Ta-Hemdjert. Even the Egyptologist Aidan Dodson who doubted Grist's theory on the identity of Tyti's royal husband now accepts this new evidence since it comes from newly deciphered notes of this tomb robbery papyrus made by Anthony Harris.

paragraph: Given her place as the wife of Ramesses III, Leblanc has conjectured that Tyti is the mother of Khaemwaset, Amenherkhepshef and Ramesses-Meryamen. This is based on similarities with regard to their decorative programs.

paragraph: Section::::Tomb QV52.

paragraph: Tyti's tomb is designated QV52 in the Valley of the Queens and her titles were: "King's Daughter; King's Sister; King's Wife; King's Mother; God's Wife," "Lady of the Two Lands." The tomb had been described by Champollion (tomb 3), Lepsius (number 9), Wilkinson (number 12) and Hay (number 2). The tomb consists of a corridor, side chambers, a hall and an inner (burial) chamber.

paragraph: The corridor has a doorway which opens up to a further stretch of corridor which has been described as an antechamber. The walls are decorated with deities that form pairs with one on the north wall and the other on the south wall. After a seated winged goddess Ma’at, we find the gods Ptah (South) and Thoth (North) who represent the underworld, then Ra-Harakhti and Atum who are solar deities, followed by Imset and Hapy and by Duamutef and Qebehsenuef, the Four Sons of Horus. The parade of deities is concluded by Isis and Nephthys.

paragraph: The decorations in the hall consist of protective deities. Included are for instance the gods Herymaat and Nebneru ("Lord of Terror"). Herymaat represents the rebirth of Queen Tyti. The doorways to the side chambers (or annexes) are decorated with guardians that are reminiscent of the Book of the Dead. The entrance to the final chamber is decorated with the Four Sons of Horus. Imset and Duamutef on the south side of the entrance and Hapy and Qebehsenuef on the north side.

paragraph: The decorations or the side chambers include netherworld gods, images of Canopic chests and the Souls of Pe and Nekhen. One of the side chambers also includes a scene showing the Queen as a (male) Iunmutef priest. In the inner chamber the Queen again appears before several deities. The rear wall contains a scene depicting Osiris. He is seated on a throne and assisted by Thoth, Nephthys, Neith and Serket.

paragraph: The tomb was reused during the Third Intermediate Period. A pit was dug in the Inner Chambers and excavations have yielded a variety of funerary items, including sarcophagi and personal items.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tomb of Tyti with plan and short description.

description: ancient Egyptian queen consort

wikidata_label: Tyti

wikipedia_title: Tyti


text: Archbishop of Cologne

text: Gerhard V of Jülich

text: Orléans

text: Paris

text: canon

text: Cologne

text: provost

text: Maastricht

text: cathedral chapter

text: Bishop of Liège

text: Adolf II of the Mark

text: William V of Jülich

text: Pope John XXII

text: County of the Mark

text: Westphalia

text: Reinhard von Schönau

text: Cologne Charterhouse

text: Carthusian

text: Bruno of Cologne

text: Emperor Charles IV

text: Menden

text: Adolph II of the Marck

text: County of the Mark

text: quire

categories: Burials at Cologne Cathedral,Dukes of Westphalia,Archbishop-Electors of Cologne,1304 births,1349 deaths

paragraph: Walram of Jülich

paragraph: Walram of Jülich (c. 1304 – 14 August 1349) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1332 to his death in 1349.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Walram was one of the younger sons of Count Gerhard V of Jülich and his wife Elisabeth of Brabant-Aarschot. From 1316 to 1330 he studied in Orléans and Paris. From 1327 he was a canon in Cologne, as well as a provost in Maastricht.

paragraph: In 1332 the Archbishopric of Cologne fell vacant. The cathedral chapter had requested the appointment of the Francophile Bishop of Liège, Adolf II of the Mark. However, Walram's brother, Count William V of Jülich, spent enormous sums of money on procuring Walram's election as archbishop (sums which Walram by the time of his death had still not been able to repay completely), in which he was successful. Walram thus became Archbishop of Cologne on 27 January 1331/32, with the support of Pope John XXII.

paragraph: At this time Walram was still living in France. His appointment clearly rested on his high birth and the wealth and political will of his brother rather than on his own ability. At the beginning of his time in office the tensions which had been building up over the previous decade between the Archbishopric of Cologne and the County of Jülich were dispersed and a formal accord set in place between the two states, in which the dominant partner was Count William V of Jülich. Peace was thus established on the lower Rhine early in the new archbishop's reign. This enabled him to concentrate his forces on the ongoing feud between the Archbishopric and the County of the Mark in Westphalia and in 1345 to neutralise the County temporarily as a political power. The rulers of southern Westphalia had far-reaching connections however, particularly through their family relationships, and were soon able to escalate the conflict into a full-scale local war, to which in 1347 and 1349 it was eventually possible to negotiate a peace treaty.

paragraph: This military activity put such a strain on Cologne's finances that the cathedral chapter exercised its right of co-rulership and bound the archbishop to seek its consent for all future decisions. This curtailment of his powers, together possibly with a realisation of his personal weaknesses, persuaded him to withdraw from day-to-day government in 1347, leaving charge of the finances and later also of other administrative duties to the knight Reinhard von Schönau.

paragraph: Walram was not however entirely lacking in achievements. In the first years of his reign he agreed a pact of friendship between the Archbishopric and the City of Cologne. In 1334, before the start of his troubles, he founded Cologne Charterhouse, thus at last establishing a Carthusian presence in the birthplace of the order's founder, Bruno of Cologne. He was able in the 1340s to obtain in return for his vote in the election of Emperor Charles IV significant concessions and money, which he used to extend the territory of the Archbishopric. In 1344 he entirely rebuilt with improved defences the town of Menden after it was destroyed by Count Adolph II of the Marck, having granted it municipal rights earlier in his reign. (As a result of its unfortunate position on the border of the County of the Mark Menden was unusually subject to damage in the repeated conflicts between Cologne and the Counts of the Mark, and had been destroyed several times in the previous century by both sides).

paragraph: In 1349 he began a journey to France with a small retinue, ostensibly for the purpose of saving the chapter the great expenses of maintaining a court. In the course of the journey he died on 14 August 1349 in Paris. His body was returned to Cologne and is buried in the quire of the cathedral.

paragraph: Section::::Memorials.

paragraph: Apart from his grave in Cologne Cathedral, his name is honoured by a street and a school - the "Walram-Gymnasium" and the Walramstraße - in Menden.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Janssen, Wilhelm, 1970: 'Walram von Jülich (1304-1349)" in: "Rheinische Lebensbilder", vol. 4, Düsseldorf/Cologne 1970 (2nd ed Cologne 1980), pp. 37–56

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cologne Cathedral official website: tomb of Archbishop Walram

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cologne Cathedral official website: brief biography of Archbishop Walram in English, with a picture of his seal

description: German bishop, Archbishop of Cologne

wikidata_label: Walram of Jülich

wikipedia_title: Walram of Jülich


text: American

text: Scranton, Kansas

text: Fort Collins

text: Colorado

text: Longmont

text: Colorado

text: Fort Collins

text: Poudre Canyon

text: Grandview Cemetery, Fort Collins

text: Fort Collins Local History Archive

text: Fort Collins Museum

text: Arcadia Publishing

text: Mark D. Miller at Find A Grave

text: Fort Collins Local History Archive

categories: People from Osage County, Kansas,1970 deaths,20th-century American photographers,1891 births

paragraph: Mark D. Miller

paragraph: Mark D. Miller (August 6, 1891 – May 8, 1970) was an American photographer.

paragraph: Mark was born in Scranton, Kansas, the son of Amos B. Miller and Mary Martindale Miller. In 1905 his family moved to the Fort Collins, Colorado area, possibly to alleviate his mother’s asthmatic condition.

paragraph: In 1911 Miller apprenticed himself as a photographer to Claude Patrick. In 1912 he opened his own photographic business in Longmont, Colorado, 40 miles southwest of Fort Collins. In 1914 Miller bought Patrick’s studio in Fort Collins and subsequently moved there, first living upstairs from the studio and then moving to a nearby house.

paragraph: Between 1910 and Miller’s death in 1970 it is estimated he took over 70,000 pictures of Fort Collins landmarks, portraits of local citizens, and local scenery such as the Poudre Canyon near Fort Collins. Miller’s photography is represented in the book "Fort Collins: The Miller Photographs" by Barbara Fleming and Malcolm McNeill.

paragraph: Miller died on May 8, 1970 and is buried in Grandview Cemetery, Fort Collins in Fort Collins.

paragraph: The bulk of Mark Miller's photographs were donated after his death to the Fort Collins Local History Archive located at the Fort Collins Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fleming, B. and McNeill, M., "Fort Collins: The Miller Photographs". Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2009. , .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark D. Miller at Find A Grave

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fort Collins: The Miller Photographs at Google Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fort Collins Local History Archive

description: photographer

wikidata_label: Mark D. Miller

wikipedia_title: Mark D. Miller


text:
German
diver
1906 Summer Olympics
1908 Summer Olympics
1912 Summer Olympics
1906 Intercalated Games
Athens
platform
3 metre springboard
1908 Summer Olympics
London
Kurt Behrens
1912 Summer Olympics
Stockholm
3 metre springboard
Kurt Behrens
plain high diving
10 metre platform
Erik Adlerz
Bremen
International Swimming Hall of Fame

categories: Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics,1890 births,1920 deaths,Divers at the 1908 Summer Olympics,Olympic divers of Germany,Olympic gold medalists for Germany,Divers at the 1906 Intercalated Games,Olympic medalists in diving,Divers at the 1912 Summer Olympics,German male divers,Olympic silver medalists for Germany

paragraph: Albert Zürner

paragraph: Albert Zürner (January 30, 1890 – July 18, 1920) was a German diver who competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics, in the 1908 Summer Olympics, and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: At the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, Zürner was the youngest member of the German team aged just 16 years and 87 days old, he competed in the platform diving event and finished fourth overall after nine dives from three different heights.

paragraph: Two years later, Zürner was competing in the 3 metre springboard event at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, after winning his heat and finishing second in his semi-final, he was in the final against two other German divers and an American, and on the 18th July after seven dives Zürner was declared the winner, winning by 0.2 points from Kurt Behrens and receiving a gold medal.

paragraph: Zürner competed in three events at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, he tried to retain his 3 metre springboard but only managed to finish in fourth place, missing out on the bronze medal by 0.4 points to Kurt Behrens, he also entered the plain high diving event, but only managed sixth place in his heat so didn't qualify for the final. Zürner's best event at these Games was in the 10 metre platform event, where he won the silver medal, finishing behind Swedish diver Erik Adlerz by 1.34 points.

paragraph: Twelve years to the day after he won his gold medal, Zürner died in a diving accident while training for an event to be held in Bremen on 18 July 1920.

paragraph: In 1988, Zürner was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Swimming Hall of Fame

description: German diver

wikidata_label: Albert Zürner

wikipedia_title: Albert Zürner


text:
1242
Norman invasion of Ireland
Earl of Ulster
John of England
Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath
Walter de Lacy
Norman conquest
1189
Viceroy of Ireland
1190
Guillaume le Petil
motte
Carlow
Carlow Castle
coadjutor
John de Courcy
Leinster
Munster
Book of Howth
Earl of Ulster
Earldom of Ulster
Drogheda
Ulaid
Antrim
Down
Londonderry
O'Neill of Tyrone
Meiler Fitzhenry
chief justice
Walter de Lacy
Meath
Albigensian Crusade
Carrickfergus
Alan, Lord of Galloway
Walter de Riddlesford
Walter Bourke, Lord of Connaught
in her right
Henry II of England
Ela Longespee
Lady of Offaly

categories: 1242 deaths,12th-century English people,People from County Meath,13th-century English people,12th-century Irish people,Norman participants of the invasion of Ireland,13th-century Irish people,Norman warriors,1170s births,People from County Antrim,People from County Carlow,Medieval earls of Ulster,People from County Down

paragraph: Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster

paragraph: Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster (c. 1176after December 26, 1242) was an Anglo-Norman soldier and peer. He was a leading figure in the Norman invasion of Ireland in the 12th century, and was created Earl of Ulster in 1205 by King John of England.

paragraph: De Lacy was the younger son of Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath, a descendant of Walter de Lacy, who went to England after the Norman conquest. Around 1189, he was appointed Viceroy of Ireland, a position previously held by his father. He was replaced in 1190 by Guillaume le Petil. He was later reappointed to serve as viceroy from 1205 to 1210.

paragraph: Section::::Carlow motte and bailey.

paragraph: He erected a motte in the 1180s in Carlow, on the site of which Carlow Castle was built in the 13th century. Excavations at Carlow Castle in 1996, found the remains of a series of post-holes inside a curving ditch, running under the walls of the towered keep and therefore pre-dating it. The remains of a corn-drying kiln were found to the north of this. These features were interpreted as representing the remains of the first castle here, whose defences and buildings seem to have been constructed of earth and timber. A reinterpretation of the historical sources suggests that this primary timber castle was built in the early 1180s by Hugh de Lacy for John de Clahull.

paragraph: Section::::Capture of John de Courcy and Earldom of Ulster.

paragraph: De Lacy was for a time a coadjutor with John de Courcy in Leinster and Munster. But in 1199, King John of England authorised de Lacy to wage war on de Courcy, who had conquered much of Ulster without help or permission from the King. Hugh captured de Courcy in 1204. An account of the capture appears in the Book of Howth.

paragraph: In 1205, King John created him Earl of Ulster and made what was de Courcy's territory in Ulster the Earldom of Ulster. He granted Drogheda its charter. He continued the conquest of the north-eastern over-kingdom of Ulaid, building on de Courcy's success, with the earldom spanning across the modern counties of Antrim and Down and parts of Londonderry. He tried, without much success, to reduce the O'Neill of Tyrone to submission. In 1207 war broke out between the earl of Ulster and Meiler Fitzhenry, the chief justice. This brought King John in person to Ireland, where he expelled the earl's brother, Walter de Lacy, from Meath, and compelled the earl himself to flee to Scotland. Exiled in 1210 by King John, Hugh took part in the Albigensian Crusade for 13 years.

paragraph: On his return he allied himself with O'Neill against the English. In 1226 his lands in Ulster were handed over to his brother Walter, but were restored to him in the following year, after which date he appears to have loyally served the king, being more than once summoned to England to give advice about Irish affairs. He died at Carrickfergus in 1242 or 1243.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He purportedly separated from his first wife and was living adulterously. He had legitimate and natural children, and historic sources give contradictory accounts. In 1226, his daughter by his first wife married Alan, Lord of Galloway. He secondly married Emmeline de Riddlesford, the daughter of Walter de Riddlesford about 1242. With Emmeline he had a daughter, Lady Maud de Lacy, who married Walter Bourke, Lord of Connaught in 1264. He became Earl of Ulster in her right.

paragraph: Emmeline's second marriage was with Stephen de Longespee, grandson of Henry II of England, by whom she had two daughters: Ela Longespee, Lady of Ashby (1244c. 19 July 1276) and Emmeline Longespee, Lady of Offaly.

wikidata_label: Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster

wikipedia_title: Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster


text: American football

text: linebacker

text: 2009 NFL Draft

text: Oakland Raiders

text: college football

text: Brigham Young University

text: Houston Texans

text: St. Louis Rams

text: Brigham Young University

text: BYU

text: Bryan Kehl

text: Miami Dolphins

text: Carolina Panthers

text: BYUtv Sports

text: Ecuador

text: Spanish

text: New Orleans Saints

text: Taysom Hill

text: Carolina Panthers bio

text: BYU bio

text: Twitter

categories: BYU Cougars football players,21st-century Mormon missionaries,Brigham Young University alumni,Latter Day Saints from Texas,Houston Texans players,St. Louis Rams players,1985 births,BYU Cougars football broadcasters,American football linebackers,Oakland Raiders players,Living people,American Mormon missionaries in Ecuador

paragraph: David Nixon (American football)

paragraph: David Nixon (born March 16, 1985) is a former American football linebacker. He was undrafted in the 2009 NFL Draft to the Oakland Raiders. He played college football at Brigham Young University.

paragraph: He has also played for the Houston Texans and St. Louis Rams.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Nixon attended Brigham Young University and was an All-Mountain West Conference second team selection his senior season. During his final season as a team captain Nixon set a new Mountain West Conference record with his 43 career tackles for loss and finished the season second on the team in tackles with 90. During his career with the cougars Nixon tallied 275 tackles.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.

paragraph: Immediately following the draft Nixon signed as a rookie free agent with the Raiders. Following training camp Nixon was signed to the Raiders practice squad on September 6, 2009. On November 21, 2009 Nixon was promoted to the active roster and appeared in 3 regular season games. Nixon participated in the Raiders 2010 training camp but was placed on waivers on September 4, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Texans.

paragraph: Nixon was claimed on waivers by the Texans and played 3 regular season games notching 10 tackles. The Texans waived Nixon on October 19, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:St. Louis Rams.

paragraph: Nixon was signed to the Rams practice squad joining fellow BYU linebacker Bryan Kehl on the Rams roster. Nixon was signed to the Rams active roster on December 7, 2010. Nixon was waived on August 6, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Dolphins.

paragraph: On August 9, 2011 Nixon signed with the Miami Dolphins. Nixon was cut during final cuts prior to the regular season.

paragraph: Nixon was re-signed by the Rams on November 9, 2011. He was released on March 12, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Carolina Panthers.

paragraph: Nixon signed with the Carolina Panthers on July 26, 2012 but was released during final cuts.

paragraph: Section::::Broadcasting.

paragraph: In October 2011, Nixon was signed by BYUtv Sports to serve as an analyst for pre-game and post-game shows on BYUtv. His first appearance doing such was the pre-game show for the game against Oregon State on October 15, 2011. Nixon also provided analysis during halftime for the BYUtv live broadcast of the Idaho State game on October 22, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Nixon is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He served a religious mission in Ecuador and speaks fluent Spanish. Nixon's sister, Emily, married former BYU quarterback and current New Orleans Saints utility player, Taysom Hill.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carolina Panthers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- BYU bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Twitter

description: American football linebacker

wikidata_label: David Nixon

wikipedia_title: David Nixon (American football)