text: troubadour

text: fl.

text: satirical

text: sirventes

text: clergy

text: Le Puy-en-Velay

text: canon

text: vernacular

text: lyric poetry

text: vida

text: Raymond VI of Toulouse

text: scribe

text: partimen

text: Aimeric de Pegulhan

text: sirventes

text: Peter II of Aragon

text: Toulouse

text: Battle of Muret

text: Maria of Montpellier

text: stanza

text: Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

text: Béziers

text: Raymond Roger Trencavel

text: vassal

text: Béziers

text: court

text: Constantine

text: James I of Aragon

text: Candlemas

text: Chronicle

text: dualism

text: Languedoc

text: Auvergne

text: Les Baux

text: Foix

text: Rodez

text: Vienne

text: Alfonso X of Castile

text: James I of Aragon

text: jongleur

text: Aimeric de Belenoi

text: Raimon de Miraval

text: Daude de Pradas

text: Guiraut Riquier

text: Cadenet

text: Bernart de Venzac

text: French

text: Albigensian Crusade

text: Toulouse

text: Dominican Order

text: Dominican Order

text: First Council of Lyon

text: Emperor Frederick II

text: Saracens

text: Crusades

text: Philip III of France

text: Louis IX

text: Eighth Crusade

text: Edward Longshanks

text: Ninth Crusade

text: Syria

text: beguines

text: Dominican Order

text: Montpellier

text: Nimes

text: canso

text: Guiraut de Bornelh

text: Raimon Jordan

text: contrafacta

text: syllabic

text: melisma

categories: French male poets,People from Le Puy-en-Velay,1278 deaths,1180 births,Troubadours

paragraph: Peire Cardenal

paragraph: Peire Cardenal (or Cardinal) (c. 1180 – c. 1278) was a troubadour (fl. 1204–1272) known for his satirical "sirventes" and his dislike of the clergy. Ninety-six pieces of his remain, a number rarely matched by other poets of the age.

paragraph: Peire Cardenal was born in Le Puy-en-Velay, apparently of a noble family; the family name Cardenal appears in many documents of the region in the 13th and 14th centuries. He was educated as a canon, which education directed him to vernacular lyric poetry and he abandoned his career in the church for "the vanity of this world", according to his "vida". Peire began his career at the court of Raymond VI of Toulouse—from whom he sought patronage—and a document of 1204 refers to a "Petrus Cardinalis" as a scribe of Raymond's chancery. At Raymond's court, however, he appears to have been known as Peire del Puoi or Puei (). Around 1238 he wrote a "partimen" beginning "Peire del Puei, li trobador" with Aimeric de Pegulhan.

paragraph: At Raymond's court also perhaps, probably in 1213, Peire composed a "sirventes", "Las amairitz, qui encolpar las vol", which may have encouraged Peter II of Aragon to help Toulouse in the Battle of Muret, where Peter died. In this "sirventes" Peire alludes first perhaps to the accusations of adultery that Peter had leveled against Peter's wife Maria of Montpellier but also perhaps to the various changes in law governing women. In the second stanza Peire mentions Peter's success in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa; in the third he alludes to the sacking of Béziers (whose count Raymond Roger Trencavel was supposed to have been Peter's vassal): at Béziers the poorer soldiers of the Inquisition were flogged by the wealthier, and this is the theme of the stanza. Peire's mention of the court of Constantine may also again evoke the divorce proceedings of Peter and Marie where Peire ultimately lost. Peire later alludes to the death of someone (perhaps a daughter or perhaps Peire's wife Marie) and then apparently to the couple's son James I of Aragon, born at Candlemas, according to James's Chronicle. It's not clear who the "crois hom" or "dreadful man" is in the final couplet, whose deeds are "piggish": Peire has really never addressed anyone in this verse but Peter II and those close to him. (But dualism had by then made its way into some of the local religious views of Medieval Languedoc: in dualist philosophy worldly deeds might be seen as "piggish".)

paragraph: Peire subsequently travelled widely, visiting the courts of Auvergne, Les Baux, Foix, Rodez, and Vienne. He may have even ventured into Spain and met Alfonso X of Castile, and James I of Aragon, although he never mentions the latter by name in his poems. (James is however of course mentioned in Peire's "vida".) During his travels Peire was accompanied by a suite of jongleurs, some of whom receive mention by name in his poetry.

paragraph: Among the other troubadours Peire encountered in his travels were Aimeric de Belenoi and Raimon de Miraval. He may have met Daude de Pradas and Guiraut Riquier at Rodez. Peire was influenced by Cadenet, whom he honoured in one of his pieces. He was possibly influenced by Bernart de Venzac.

paragraph: In his early days he was a vehement opponent of the French, the clergy and the Albigensian Crusade. In the "sirventes", "Ab votz d'angel, lengu' esperta, non bleza", dated by Hill and Bergin to around 1229 (when the tribunal of the Inquisition was established at Toulouse by the Dominican Order), Peire

paragraph: enjoins those who seek God to follow the example of those who "drink beer" and "eat bread of gruel and bran", rather than argue over "which wine is the best". The latter behavior Peire's verse attributes to the "Jacobins" (Hill and Bergin say this is the Dominican Order).

paragraph: In "Li clerc si fan pastor" he condemned the "possession" of the laity by the clergy, for so long as the clergy order it, the laity will "draw their swords towards heaven and get into the saddle." This poem was written probably around 1245, after the First Council of Lyon, where the clergy took action against the Emperor Frederick II, but not against the Saracens. In "Atressi cum per fargar" Peire suggests that the clergy "protect their own swinish flesh from every blade", but they do not care how many knights die in battle. Peire was not an opponent of Christianity or even the Crusades. In "Totz lo mons es vestitiz et abrazatz" he urged Philip III of France, who had recently succeeded his father, Louis IX, who died in 1270 on the failed Eighth Crusade, to go to the aid of Edward Longshanks, then on the Ninth Crusade in Syria.

paragraph: Near the end of the "sirventes", "Ab votz d'angel, lengu' esperta, non bleza", composed as noted probably around 1229, Peire's words, "[s]'ieu fos maritz", "if I were wed", suggest that he is not yet wed. The verse which follows provides evidence in the view of some that Peire married: it first mocks the "barrenness that bears fruit" of the "[beguinas" (beguines, who may have sometimes been associated with the Dominicans; Hill and Bergin in 1973 said this was a reference to nuns of the Dominican Order). Throughout the verse of course Peire had been poking fun at the Dominican clergy, but the comment about the nuns may have additional significance. His tone changes after this and his closing lines suggest though that all this is a miracle from the "saintly fathers", suggesting his acceptance of things: Cardenal.org says that some have interpreted these lines as suggesting that Peire married at this time.

paragraph: By the end of his life he appears reconciled to the new "modus vivendi" in southern France. He died at an advanced age (allegedly one hundred years old) possibly either in Montpellier or Nimes, but this is only a supposition, based on where the biographer and compiler Miquel de la Tor was active.

paragraph: Three of Peire's songs have surviving melodies, but two (for a "canso" and a "sirventes") were composed by others: Guiraut de Bornelh and Raimon Jordan respectively. Like many of his contemporary troubadours, Peire merely composed "contrafacta". The third, for "Un sirventesc novel vuelh comensar", may be Peire's own work. It is similar to the borrowed melody of Guiraut de Bornelh, mostly syllabic with melismas at phrasal ends. The meagre number of surviving tunes (attributable to him) relative to his output of poetry is surprising considering his "vida" states that "he invented poetry about many beautiful subjects "with beautiful tunes"."

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aubrey, Elizabeth. "The Music of the Troubadours". Indiana University Press, 1996. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egan, Margarita, ed. and trans. "The Vidas of the Troubadours". New York: Garland, 1984. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hill, Raymond T. and Bergin, Thomas G., with Bergin, T. G., ed, and Olson, Susan, Paden, William D. Jr., and Smith, Nathaniel. "Anthology of the Provençal Troubadours, Volume 2". Yale University Press, 1973. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lavaud, R. (1957). "Poésies complètes du troubadour Peire Cardenal". Toulouse: Bibliothèque méridionale, 2e série, 34.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boutiere, J. and Schutz, A.-H., "Biographies des troubadours". Paris, 1954.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Throop, Palmer A. "Criticism of Papal Crusade Policy in Old French and Provençal." "Speculum", 13:4 (Oct., 1938), pp. 379–412.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peire Cardenal: Complete Works, criticism, and biography (in French and Occitan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peire Cardenal: Complete searchable works, with a few melodies (in Occitan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peire Cardenal: Selection of works, with notes (in Occitan and Italian)

description: French writer

wikidata_label: Peire Cardenal

wikipedia_title: Peire Cardenal


text: English

text: Æthelred the Unready

text: Edward the Confessor

text: Emma of Normandy

text: Canute

text: London

text: Danes

text: Normandy

text: Canute

text: Robert I of Normandy

text: House of Wessex

text: Earl Godwin

text: Wessex

text: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

text: Harthacnut

text: Lyfing

text: Edward

text: his sons

text: Edward the Confessor

text: pagan

text: House of Wessex family tree

text: House of Denmark

categories: 1000s births,Anglo-Saxon royalty,Burials at Ely Cathedral,11th-century English people,1036 deaths

paragraph: Alfred Aetheling

paragraph: Ælfred Æþeling (English: "Alfred the Noble") ( 1005–1036) was one of the eight sons of the English king Æthelred the Unready. He and his brother Edward the Confessor were sons of Æthelred's second wife Emma of Normandy. King Canute became their stepfather when he married Æthelred's widow. Alfred and his brother were caught up in the power struggles at the start and end of Canute's reign.

paragraph: Section::::Siege of London.

paragraph: In 1013, during the siege of London by the Danes, Æthelred and his family took refuge in Normandy. Æthelred regained the throne in 1014 and died in 1016. England was conquered by Canute of Denmark later that year, and Alfred and Edward returned to the court of their uncle, Duke Robert I of Normandy. There is some evidence of a plan on the part of Duke Robert to invade England on his nephews' behalf.

paragraph: Section::::Return to England.

paragraph: In 1035, Canute died, and during the uncertainty that followed, the heirs of the former Anglo-Saxon rulers attempted to restore the House of Wessex to the throne of England. Alfred Ætheling landed on the coast of Sussex with a Norman mercenary body guard and attempted to make his way to London. However he was betrayed, captured by Earl Godwin of Wessex, and blinded; he died soon afterwards.

paragraph: In the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" there is an account of this fateful encounter:

paragraph: When Harthacnut succeeded his half-brother Harold, he prosecuted Earl Godwin and Lyfing, Bishop of Worcester and Crediton, for the crime against his half-brother; the Bishop lost his see for a while and Godwin gave the king a warship carrying eighty fighting men as appeasement and swore that he had not wanted the prince blinded and that whatever he had done was in obedience to King Harold. Tradition holds that like Harthacnut, Edward the Confessor considered Godwin guilty.

paragraph: The House of Wessex was restored through the accession of Alfred's brother Edward in 1042. Alfred's death was one of the main reasons for the mistrust and resentment shown by many members of Anglo-Saxon society, and particularly from Edward himself, towards Earl Godwin and his sons.

paragraph: Section::::Modern era.

paragraph: In 1929 the remains of 223 soldiers, whom excavators identified as Normans based on their stature, prominent skulls and slender leg bones, were found on the prominent hillside immediately west of Guildford's centre. They were bound and had been executed. The grave has been dated to  1040. Some bore skulls placed between their legs and one skeleton in particular had a neck vertebra sliced by a sword. A coin of Edward the Confessor, Alfred's brother, dating to 1043 – seven years after the mass slaying – was found at the site. An uncultivated sacred site, a small section of the burial ground dated back to the 6th century with more than 20 pagan burials including many women and children, with knives, spears, urns and striking amber beads placed alongside various bodies. In charge of the excavations were Colonel O. H. North and archaeologist A. W. G. Lowther. The later Chronicle suggests that they were the vanguard of Prince Alfred, of whom nine out of ten were killed.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Wessex family tree

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Denmark

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lawson, M. K., "Alfred Ætheling (d. 1036/7)", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004

description: Son of English king Ethelred II and his second wife Emma of Normandy; brother of Edward the Confessor

wikidata_label: Alfred Aetheling

wikipedia_title: Alfred Aetheling


text:
Masinissa
Numidia
Berber
King of Numidia
Gulussa
Carthage
Third Punic War
Mastanabal
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
Cirta
Jugurtha
Iol
Hiempsal
Adherbal
Jugurtha
Viriathus
Numantia

categories: 2nd-century BC rulers in Africa,Kings of Numidia,2nd-century BC Berber people,118 BC deaths,Foreign relations of ancient Rome

paragraph: Micipsa

paragraph: Micipsa (; , ; died ) was the eldest legitimate son of Masinissa, the King of Numidia, a Berber kingdom in North Africa. Micipsa became the King of Numidia in 148 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: In 151 BC, Masinissa sent Micipsa and his brother Gulussa to Carthage to demand that exiled pro-Numidian politicians be allowed to return, but they were refused entry at the city gates. As the royal party turned to depart, Hamilcar the Samnite and a group of his supporters attacked Micipsa's convoy, killing some of his attendants. This incident led to a retaliatory strike on the Carthaginian town of Oroscopa that heralded the start of the Carthaginian–Numidian War and eventually precipitated the Third Punic War.

paragraph: Section::::Succession to the throne.

paragraph: In the spring of 148 BC Masinissa died and the tripartite division of the kingdom among the elderly king's three sons, Micipsa, Gulussa, and Mastanabal, took place by Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, to whom Masinissa had given the authority to administer his estate. Micipsa received as part of his inheritance the Numidian capital of Cirta (along with its royal palace and treasury), Gulussa the charge of war and Mastanabal the administration of justice.

paragraph: The sons continued their father's policy and his support of Rome during its war on Carthage. Though Micipsa wavered somewhat in his support for Rome, "always promising arms and money ... but always delaying and waiting to see what would happen". In 146 BC, when Mastanabal's illegitimate son Jugurtha was fourteen years old, Carthage was destroyed by the Romans. Shortly afterwards Galussa died and later still Mastanabal, leaving Micipsa control of the entire kingdom. During Micipsa's reign Numidian cultural and commercial progress was aided when thousands of Carthaginians fled to Numidia following the Roman destruction of Carthage. He was the first to establish Iol (now Cherchell, Algeria) as the capital for the Numidian court.

paragraph: Micipsa had two natural sons, Hiempsal and Adherbal, and is reported to have added his illegitimate nephew Jugurtha to his palace household. Jugurtha was treated as the king's son and received a sound military training. Micipsa continued to be a loyal ally to Rome, providing military assistance when asked. In 142 BC the Roman commander Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus wrote to Micipsa asking for a division of war elephants to help in Rome's struggle against the Lusitanian rebel Viriathus. In 134 BC Micipsa sent archers, slingers and elephants to aid Scipio Aemilianus besieging Numantia in Spain, sending Jugurtha to command the Numidian units.

paragraph: After the fall of Numantia, Jugurtha returned home with a letter from Scipio addressed to his uncle. In it, the commander praised Jugurtha's exploits and congratulated Micipsa for having "a kinsman worthy of yourself, and of his grandfather Masinissa". On this recommendation the king formally adopted Jugurtha and made him co-heir with his own children.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In 118 BC, Micipsa died and, following the king's wish, Numidia was divided into three parts which were ruled by Adherbal, Hiempsal and Jugurtha.

description: King of Numidia

wikidata_label: Micipsa

wikipedia_title: Micipsa


text:
physicist
chemist
Dijon
Charles Desormes
Equation of state
iodine
absolute zero
Sadi Carnot
Mechanical equivalent of heat
Mayer
Joule's
history of the calorie
Calorie
Gas laws
Iodine
Calorie

categories: French physicists,19th-century physicists,People from Dijon,19th-century chemists,French chemists,1841 deaths,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,1779 births

paragraph: Nicolas Clément

paragraph: Nicolas Clément (12 January 1779 – 21 November 1841), also known as Mr. Nicolas Calorie, was a French physicist and chemist. Also known as Nicolas Clément-Desormes, he was born in Dijon.

paragraph: He was a colleague of Charles Desormes, with whom he conducted the . The two chemists are also credited with determining an accurate value of gamma in the gas law (see Equation of state) that relates the heat capacity of air when expanded at constant pressure vs. constant temperature. They also conducted research on iodine and played a role in determining that it was an element. This research eventually led others to invent the process of photography, and Clément-Desormes is recognized as a contributor in the early history of that industry. Among their accomplishments was establishing a value for absolute zero.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: Clément married Desormes' daughter and adopted the family surname as Clément-Desormes.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Professor Clément held one of the first chairs in chemistry at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers in Paris. He taught a course in industrial chemistry that emphasized the thermodynamics of steam in relation to powering steam engines. In about 1819, he befriended Sadi Carnot, and the two men developed methods for calculating the maximum amount of energy that could be obtained from a kg of coal. Clément and Carnot clearly understood the concept of a Mechanical equivalent of heat, and developed formulae for calculating energy efficiency almost 20 years before Mayer and Joule's work on this subject in the 1840s. Evidence concerning the connection between Clément and Carnot is summarized in a book by the historian, Robert Fox. and in an article on the history of the calorie.

paragraph: Clément was the first man known to define and utilize the Calorie as a unit of heat. The definition was published in the journal, "Le Producteur", in 1824. His calorie was a kg-calorie (modern kcal), and his definition entered French dictionaries as early as 1842. One of his lasting influences was to help the calorie enter the international lexicon. It was defined as heating a kg of water by 1 degree C until about 1929, but was superseded when a committee of the British Academy of Sciences proposed the g-calorie as an alternate unit of energy (with the newly defined joule taking precedence). This marked the beginning of "calorie confusion" because the kilocalorie had to be introduced as a unit in the m-kg-s system. Thus, the reason that U.S. food labels describe food energy in calories can be traced to Nicolas Clément-Desormes' lectures of 1819-1824.

paragraph: Clément-Desormes was a successful young industrialist who was owner or partner in several chemical companies, including one that made sugar from beets. He was sought after as an industrial consultant. Some speculate that his sudden death was brought on by a business disagreement concerning payments that were owed to him for successful introduction of a profitable process.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gas laws

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iodine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Calorie

description: French physicist and chemist

wikidata_label: Nicolas Clément

wikipedia_title: Nicolas Clément


text:
Julian calendar
Gregorian calendar
cricket
Dartford Cricket Club
Kent county cricket teams
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond
Bromley
Dartford
Lloyd's Evening Post
Rowland Bowen
Fuller Pilch
W. G. Grace
Jack Hobbs
Wally Hammond
Dartford Cricket Club
Kent

categories: English cricketers,1680 births,Kent cricketers,1768 deaths

paragraph: William Bedle

paragraph: William Bedle (22 February 1679 (Julian calendar date, 1680 in the Gregorian calendar) – 3 June 1768) was an English cricketer who played for Dartford Cricket Club and Kent county cricket teams in the first quarter of the 18th century. With the possible exception of Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, Bedle is the earliest known accomplished player, certainly the earliest who is renowned solely for his expertise as a player. He was born in Bromley but lived most of his life near Dartford, where he was a wealthy farmer and grazier.

paragraph: Section::::Cricket career.

paragraph: Bedle is the first known cricketer "who achieved great prominence in the game". His obituary in "Lloyd's Evening Post" dated 10 June 1768 said that he was "formerly accounted the most expert cricket player in England". Rowland Bowen wrote that Bedle was "the first in a long line that must include Fuller Pilch, W. G. Grace, Jack Hobbs and Wally Hammond".

paragraph: Bedle played in the first quarter of the 18th century. He was a member of Dartford Cricket Club, which was "the greatest Kent team of the first half of the eighteenth century" and which was sometimes considered representative of Kent as a county. Few details of cricket matches from the early 18th centuries have survived, and so what is known about Bedle's career has been pieced together by historical analysis; contemporary newspaper reports rarely mentioned a player by name with the emphasis often on betting rather than on matches.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Bedle lived near Dartford for most of his life where he was a farmer and grazier. His name, also spelled Beddel, is recorded on a tablet in Dartford Parish Church listing the bellringers of 1749. He died at his home near Dartford on 3 June 1768, aged 88.

description: English cricketer

wikidata_label: William Bedle

wikipedia_title: William Bedle


text: KG

text: Henry VII

text: Henry VIII

text: Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland

text: William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke

text: Alan Percy

text: KB

text: Prince Arthur

text: Prince of Wales

text: Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland

text: Henry VII

text: Treaty of Etaples

text: Prince Henry

text: KB

text: Knight of the Garter

text: Battle of Blackheath

text: livery

text: Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore

text: retinue

text: Archduke Philip

text: Knaresborough Castle

text: Knaresborough Forest

text: oyer and terminer

text: commission of the peace

text: warden

text: east marches towards Scotland

text: wardship and marriage

text: John Hastings, 11th Baron Hastings

text: Henry VIII

text: Thérouanne

text: Battle of the Spurs

text: commissioner of array

text: Thomas Wolsey

text: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham

text: wardship

text: Fleet Prison

text: Court of the Star Chamber

text: George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury

text: Margaret of Scotland

text: Field of the Cloth of Gold

text: Honour of Holderness

text: marches towards Scotland

text: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey

text: Lord Dacre

text: badge

text: Council of the North

text: Henry Fitzroy

text: Earl of Nottingham

text: Wressle

text: Robert Spencer

text: Spencer Combe

text: Crediton

text: Eleanor Beaufort

text: Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset

text: KG

text: Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland

text: Thomas Percy

text: Pilgrimage of Grace

text: Arthur Pole

text: Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland

text: Pilgrimage of Grace

text: Tower of London

text: Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland

text: monumental brass

text: William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers

text: John Skelton

text: Lydgate

categories: 16th-century English nobility,Knights of the Garter,Percy family,1527 deaths,15th-century English people,People from Alnwick,1477 births,Earls of Northumberland,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland

paragraph: Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland, KG (13 January 1477 – 19 May 1527) was an English nobleman and a member of the courts of both Kings Henry VII and Henry VIII.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: Percy was son of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, by his wife Maud Herbert, daughter of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1423–1469). Alan Percy was his younger brother.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Henry Algernon Percy was well looked after and brought up at the court of King Henry VII, while his sisters' marriages were the object of careful negotiation. He was made KB 21 November 1489, at the time when Prince Arthur was created Prince of Wales.

paragraph: On 28 April 1489 Henry Algernon Percy succeeded his father, Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, as 5th Earl of Northumberland.

paragraph: Northumberland attended King Henry VII at the conclusion of the Treaty of Etaples in 1492, and took a prominent part in the elaborate ceremony of 1494, when Prince Henry was created KB In 1495 he was made a Knight of the Garter. In 1497 he served in the royal army against the Cornish rebels, and fought at the Battle of Blackheath; on 14 May 1498 he received livery of his lands, and entered into the management of his various castles and estates.

paragraph: How important Northumberland's position was can be seen from "The Northumberland Household Book", compiled in 1770 from a manuscript (commenced "circa" 1512) in possession of the Duke of Northumberland by Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore. His income was about £2,300 per annum, which probably does not include what he received in gifts. On his various retinues of servants and followers he spent no less than £1,500 a year, and as the remainder had to meet all such expenses as his journeys to the court, and as his lifestyle was extraordinarily magnificent, he was soon in debt.

paragraph: In 1500 Northumberland was at the meeting of King Henry VII and the Archduke Philip. In 1501 he was appointed Constable of Knaresborough Castle, Steward of the Lordship of Knaresborough, and Master Forester of Knaresborough Forest. On 1 April 1502 he was a commissioner of oyer and terminer for London; he was also constantly in the commission of the peace for various counties. Northumberland received the important appointment of warden of the east marches towards Scotland on 30 June 1503, and one of his first duties was to escort Princess Margaret to Scotland on her way to join King James IV of Scotland, and his splendid dress and numerous servants was said to have pleased the princess.

paragraph: Northumberland seems to have irritated King Henry VII just before the latter's death. Without royal licence he had disposed of the wardship and marriage of Elizabeth Hastings, daughter and heiress of John Hastings, 11th Baron Hastings and was fined the large sum of £10,000. It is extraordinary that he managed to pay half the sum before Henry VIII became king in 1509. The new king cancelled the remainder of the debt on 21 March 1510. On 4 February 1512 he was a trier of petitions from Gascony and beyond the sea.

paragraph: Northumberland served in the war of 1513 as a grand captain, with a very large retinue. From Calais he went to the siege of Thérouanne and at the Battle of the Spurs he commanded the "showrers and forridors", Northumberland men on light geldings. The next year he was a chief commissioner of array for various counties. As Thomas Wolsey rose, the great nobles had one by one to submit to his tyranny. Northumberland, on the advice of Will Hatty, was suspected of being too friendly with Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, and so, on a charge of interfering with the king's prerogative concerning wardships, he was cast into the Fleet Prison in 1516, possibly only so that Wolsey might obtain the credit of getting him out. He was examined in the Court of the Star Chamber, and soon set free.

paragraph: Northumberland was friendly with George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, and they arranged to go together on a pilgrimage in 1516. Shrewsbury had been anxious to marry-off his daughter to a son of Buckingham's, but having disputed about money matters, the parents broke off the match. It was then arranged, most unfortunately as it turned out, that the lady should marry Northumberland's son, Lord Percy. In June 1517 Northumberland met Queen Margaret of Scotland at York to conduct her on her way home, which duty he had undertaken with reluctance, doubtless from want of money, and his wife was excused attendance. In 1518 he was one of those who held lands in Calais. Wolsey in 1519, in a letter to the king, expressed suspicions of his loyalty, but he escaped the fate of the Duke of Buckingham, and was at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, where he was a judge of the lists.

paragraph: In 1517 Northumberland had a grant of the Honour of Holderness. He was present at Henry's meeting with the Emperor in May 1522, and attested the ratification of the treaty made. He seems to have been offered, but not to have accepted, the wardenship of all the marches towards Scotland in 1523, and is said to have incurred the contempt of his tenants by his refusal. But he remained active while Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey was in chief command. In 1523 he made an inroad into Scotland, and was falsely accused by Lord Dacre of going to war with the "Crosskeys of York", a royal badge, on his banner; he cleared himself easily enough. In 1524 he was again on the border. In 1525 he had some trouble with the Council of the North, of which he had been a member since 1522 ; but he cleared himself, and took part in the ceremony for the creation of Henry Fitzroy, Henry VIII's natural son, as Earl of Nottingham. He died at Wressle on 19 May 1527, and was buried at Beverley, where he had built a splendid shrine.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and progeny.

paragraph: Northumberland married Catherine Spencer (d. 1542), a daughter of Sir Robert Spencer of Spencer Combe in the parish of Crediton, Devon, by his wife Eleanor Beaufort, Countess of Ormonde, daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (1406–1455), KG. By Catherine he had three sons and two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland (1502–1537), eldest son and heir.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Thomas Percy (c. 1504 – 2 June 1537), who was executed as a participant in the Pilgrimage of Grace. He married Eleanor Harbottle, widow of Sir Richard Holland. Between 15 September 1562 and 27 January 1563 Percy's step-daughter Mary Holland (d. pre- 16 November 1570), married Arthur Pole, without issue. His progeny included Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland and Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland. His daughter, Joan Percy, married Arthur Harris of Prittlewell, Essex and had issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Ingelram Percy (c. 1506–1538), who was a participant in the Pilgrimage of Grace. He died imprisoned in the Tower of London. He had an illegitimate daughter, Isabel, who married Henry Tempest.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Margaret Percy (c. 1500/1502–1540), who married (as his second wife) Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland (1493–1542), KG. Her monumental brass survives in Skipton Parish Church, Cumbria.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maud Percy, who may have married William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers, although no such marriage is recorded in the Conyers pedigree).

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: He died at Wressell on 19 May 1527, and was buried at Beverley, where he had built a splendid shrine.

paragraph: Section::::Assessment.

paragraph: Northumberland displayed magnificence in his tastes, and being one of the richest magnates of his day, kept a very large household establishment, and was fond of building. Leland praised the devices for the library at Wressell, presumably arranged by him. He encouraged the poet John Skelton, who wrote the elegy on his father. A manuscript formerly in his possession (British Museum Reg. Bib. 18 D ii.) consists of poems, chiefly by Lydgate.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Endnotes for the DNB article are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- De Fonhlanque's "Annals of the House of Percy";

paragraph: BULLET::::- Introduction to Percy's edition of the "Northumberland Household Book"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Letters and Papers, Henry VIII"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "State Papers, Henry VIII", i. 146, iv. 45

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chron. of Calais" (Camden Society)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hall's "Chronicle", ed. 1809, p. 498

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drake's "Eboracum", App. xviii. &c.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leland's "Itinerary", i. 47, 54, vii. 50,51

paragraph: BULLET::::- Percy's "Reliques", ed. Wheatley, i. 124;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Casley's "Cat." of Royal MSS. p. 283

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doyle's "Official Baronage", ii. 653

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collins's "Peerage", ed. Brydges, ii. 304, &c.

description: English noble

wikidata_label: Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland

wikipedia_title: Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland


text: Stora Mellösa

text: Närke

text: provost

text: Nils Wallerius

text: Uppsala University

text: magister

text: Lund University

text: Doctor of Medicine

text: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

text: Torbern Bergman

text: agricultural chemistry

text: Alsike

text: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

text: River Fyris

categories: Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,Uppsala University alumni,Swedish chemists,Swedish mineralogists,Swedish geologists,1709 births

paragraph: Johan Gottschalk Wallerius

paragraph: Johan Gottschalk Wallerius (11 July 1709 – 16 November 1785) was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist.

paragraph: Wallerius was born in Stora Mellösa, Närke, in 1709 as a son of provost Erik Nilsson Wallerius and his spouse Elisabeth Tranæa . He was a younger brother to the physicist, philosopher and theologian Nils Wallerius.

paragraph: Johan Gottschalk entered Uppsala University in 1725, and graduated as magister in 1731 after studies of mathematics, physics and medicine. He continued his studies at Lund University, where he received his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1735. After this graduation, he came back to Uppsala where he opened a course in chemistry in his laboratory. This course allowed students in pharmacy and chemistry to witness demonstrations and practice themselves with the experiments. The popularity of this teaching allowed Wallerius to become adjunct of medicine at Uppsala University in 1741 and the first holder of a new professorship of chemistry, medicine and pharmacy in 1750. The same year, Wallerius was elected member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He retired from the chemistry chair in 1767 and was succeeded by his student Torbern Bergman.

paragraph: Wallerius is regarded as the founder of agricultural chemistry, mainly based on the significance of his widely disseminated work "Agriculturae fundamenta chemica" (1761, published in Swedish the same year as "Åkerbrukets chemiska grunder" and later translated into many other languages). He published several other studies on chemical, mineralogical and geological subjects and used his own farm Hagelstena in Alsike (south of Uppsala) as an experimental field. He spent his early retirement from the University due to poor health applying the principles of chemistry as a way to improve agriculture in his own farm, and published some of his findings in "Rön, rörande landtbruket. Om svenska åkerjordartenas egenskaper och skiljemerken samt deras förbättring genom tienlig jordblanning", which was awarded the price of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

paragraph: The first freestanding chemical laboratory building in Uppsala, still standing at Västra Ågatan 24 by the River Fyris, was erected during his time as professor.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nordisk familjebok, 2nd ed., vol. 31, col. 498f

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hjalmar F." Mutual Favours: The social and scientific practice of eighteenth-century Swedish chemistry. Uppsala: Uppsala universitet, 2003. 225 p. (Skrifter; 30)

description: Swedish chemist and mineralogist

wikidata_label: Johan Gottschalk Wallerius

wikipedia_title: Johan Gottschalk Wallerius


text: United States Army

text: Medal of Honor

text: World War II

text: Middleport, Ohio

text: drafted

text: corporal

text: 358th Infantry Regiment

text: 90th Infantry Division

text: Heckhuscheid

text: Germany

text: hand-to-hand combat

text: Silver Star

text: Bronze Star

text: Purple Heart

text: commissioned officer

text: major

text: heart attack

text: Golden Gate National Cemetery

text: San Bruno, California

text: trench knife

text: .45 caliber pistol

categories: American army personnel of World War II,United States Army officers,1920 births,World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor,United States Army Medal of Honor recipients,People from Middleport, Ohio,1983 deaths,Recipients of the Silver Star

paragraph: Edward A. Bennett

paragraph: Edward Andrew Bennett, Jr. (February 11, 1920 – May 2, 1983) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bennett was born on February 11, 1920, in Middleport, Ohio. He was drafted into the U.S. Army in January 1944 from Middleport and by February 1, 1945, was serving as a corporal in Company B, 358th Infantry Regiment, 90th Infantry Division. On that day, in Heckhuscheid, Germany, he single-handedly charged a house held by German soldiers, who were firing on his company, and killed the occupants in hand-to-hand combat. For these actions, he was awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later, on October 30, 1945. During his service, he also received the Silver Star, Bronze Star, and four Purple Hearts.

paragraph: In June 1951, after the start of the Korean War, Bennett became a commissioned officer. He served in Korea and eventually reached the rank of major before his retirement in October 1962 following a heart attack. He died at age 63 on May 2, 1983, and was buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno, California.

paragraph: Section::::Medal of Honor citation.

paragraph: Bennett's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

paragraph: He was advancing with Company B across open ground to assault Heckhuscheid, Germany, just after dark when vicious enemy machinegun fire from a house on the outskirts of the town pinned down the group and caused several casualties. He began crawling to the edge of the field in an effort to flank the house, persisting in this maneuver even when the hostile machinegunners located him by the light of burning buildings and attempted to cut him down as he made for the protection of some trees. Reaching safety, he stealthily made his way by a circuitous route to the rear of the building occupied by the German gunners. With his trench knife he killed a sentry on guard there and then charged into the darkened house. In a furious hand-to-hand struggle he stormed about a single room which harbored 7 Germans. Three he killed with rifle fire, another he clubbed to death with the butt of his gun, and the 3 others he dispatched with his .45 caliber pistol. The fearless initiative, stalwart combat ability, and outstanding gallantry of Cpl. Bennett eliminated the enemy fire which was decimating his company's ranks and made it possible for the Americans to sweep all resistance from the town.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

wikidata_label: Edward A. Bennett

wikipedia_title: Edward A. Bennett


text:
Roman Catholic
iconoclastic
Kalamazoo, Michigan
Lansing
Flint, Michigan
Catholic University of America

categories: 20th-century American poets,1928 births,American Roman Catholic priests,20th-century Roman Catholic priests,21st-century Roman Catholic priests,2009 deaths,20th-century American writers,American Christian writers

paragraph: James Kavanaugh

paragraph: James Kavanaugh (September 17, 1928 – 29 December 2009) was an American Roman Catholic priest, author, and poet best remembered for an iconoclastic call for reform published in 1967. Born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and ordained in 1954 Kavanaugh served as a parish priest in Lansing and Flint, Michigan before earning a doctorate at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. His 1967 book, "A Modern Priest Looks at His Outdated Church," became a national bestseller.

description: American priest, author, and poet

wikidata_label: James Kavanaugh

wikipedia_title: James Kavanaugh


text:
Vermont
Ludlow, Vermont
Black River Academy
teacher
Michigan
"Poets and Poetry of Vermont"
Middlebury College
Addison County
Baptist
Catholic Church
New England
pen name
Virgin Mary
"The Mystical Rose"
Chicago, Illinois
set type
North Carolina
Windsor County
"The Passion of Abby Maria Hemenway"

categories: American book publishers (people),19th-century American women writers,People from Ludlow, Vermont,Burials in Vermont,American women historians,American women poets,19th-century historians,American book editors,1828 births,Converts to Roman Catholicism from Baptist denominations,Educators from Vermont,Writers from Vermont,Women editors,American Roman Catholics,19th-century American historians,19th-century American poets,American schoolteachers,1890 deaths

paragraph: Abby Maria Hemenway

paragraph: Abby Maria Hemenway (October 7, 1828 – February 24, 1890) was a Vermont teacher, author and historian.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Abby Hemenway was born in Ludlow, Vermont on October 7, 1828. She attended Black River Academy, afterwards beginning a career as a teacher in Michigan.

paragraph: Hemenway returned to Ludlow, became interested in publishing literature specific to Vermont, and attempted to attract supporters for her project. Refused backing from established printers and publishers, in 1858 she published on her own "Poets and Poetry of Vermont", an anthology of verse by Green Mountain State writers.

paragraph: Section::::Historian, editor and publisher.

paragraph: The success of her volume of poetry encouraged her to continue in publishing, and she began the "Vermont Historical Gazetteer". She planned to produce histories of every city and town in Vermont. Prior to Hemenway, publishing history usually meant biographies of famous military and political men and stories about the major events in which they took part. Hemenway advanced the concept of history as a social science by encouraging local authors to compile information on their areas and submit it to her for editing and publication, which placed the focus of Hemenway’s "Gazetteer" on chronicling the day-to-day activities of Vermont’s cities and towns, rather than focusing only on prominent individuals and events.

paragraph: Many individuals prepared histories of their towns and cities and submitted them to Hemenway. For towns where she could not obtain the cooperation of a local author, Hemenway wrote the histories herself. In preparing for her first volume, Hemenway had to overcome the objections of several Middlebury College professors, some of whom had been working on town histories for Addison County. (Middlebury College is in Addison County.) These professors, all members of the Middlebury Historical Society, signed a letter to Hemenway insisting that her project was not feasible, asking how she expected to succeed when 40 men of the historical society working for 16 years had not. They described the project as "not a suitable work for a woman," and predicted that she would quit before she finished visiting half of the county. Undaunted, she set out to visit every town in person to recruit local authors.

paragraph: Hemenway succeeded, and in 1861 she published the first volume of the "Vermont Quarterly Gazetteer", which focused on the towns of Addison County.

paragraph: Hemenway converted from the Baptist church to the Catholic Church in 1864, which attracted attention in an era when few New Englanders were Catholic. She never married, and had no children, attracting additional attention at a time when women were generally expected to marry young, remain at home, and raise families. In 1865 she published under a pen name a book of her own poetry, a life of the Virgin Mary called "The Mystical Rose".

paragraph: From 1867 to 1882 Hemenway published four more volumes of the renamed "Vermont Historical Gazetteer". She had collected material for sixth and seventh volumes, but financial setbacks caused her to delay publication. She subsequently moved to Chicago, Illinois, where she continued to edit materials for the "Gazetteer" and even set type in her apartment in an effort to continue publication. When a fire destroyed materials for the sixth and seventh volumes, she collected them again and continued her work.

paragraph: Section::::Death and burial.

paragraph: In 1886 Hemenway was run over by a sleigh and suffered a broken collarbone. She continued working on the planned sixth volume until she died in Chicago after suffering a stroke on February 24, 1890. She is buried at Pleasant View Cemetery in Ludlow.

paragraph: Section::::Continued publication.

paragraph: Hemenway’s sister published the sixth volume of the "Gazetteer" in 1891. The materials for the planned seventh volume passed through several hands until they were destroyed in a fire in North Carolina in 1911, so that volume was never published.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The six published volumes of the "Vermont Historical Gazetteer" (five plus the one "Quarterly Gazetteer"), which include local histories on 13 of Vermont's 14 counties (Windsor County is the exception), are still used as the primary historical reference on Vermont in the 18th and 19th Century. They contain invaluable information, including the names and terms of service for local office holders, names and terms of service for clergy members, and genealogical information on the early white residents of Vermont.

paragraph: Hemenway’s pioneering legacy as a publisher in an era when few women worked in the field, and her efforts to change the concept of history as a social science were rediscovered in recent years after publication of a 2001 biography, Deborah Pickman Clifford’s "The Passion of Abby Maria Hemenway".

alias:
Abby M. Hemenway
Abby Hemenway

description: American historian

wikidata_label: Abby Maria Hemenway

wikipedia_title: Abby Maria Hemenway


text: Catholic

text: bishop

text: United States

text: Diocese of San Angelo

text: Texas

text: Mt. Holly, New Jersey

text: Bryan, Texas

text: Bryan Independent School District

text: University of Notre Dame

text: Gregorian University

text: Rome

text: Alphonsian Academy

text: Diocese of Austin

text: Austin, Texas

text: College Station, Texas

text: St. Mary’s Cathedral

text: vicar general

text: moderator of the curia

text: Pope Francis

text: Gustavo García-Siller

text: MSpS

text: San Antonio

text: Michael David Pfeifer

text: OMI

text: Joe S. Vásquez

text: Junell Center

text: Angelo State University

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of San Angelo

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Austin

categories: 1960 births,Catholics from Texas,People from Mount Holly, New Jersey,American Roman Catholic bishops,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,People from San Angelo, Texas,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,People from Austin, Texas,University of Notre Dame alumni,Living people

paragraph: Michael Sis

paragraph: Michael James Sis (born January 9, 1960) is a Catholic bishop in the United States. He is the sixth bishop of the Diocese of San Angelo in the state of Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Michael James Sis was born in Mt. Holly, New Jersey. He was the fourth of five children born to Raymond and Janice (née Murphy) Sis. Sis grew up in Bryan, Texas where he attended St. Joseph School and the Bryan Independent School District. He earned a bachelor of arts degree in philosophy from the University of Notre Dame, a bachelor's degree in theology from the Gregorian University in Rome and a licentiate in moral theology from the Alphonsian Academy in Rome. Sis was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Austin on July 19, 1986.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: After ordination, Sis served as the associate pastor at Cristo Rey Church in Austin, Texas from 1986 to 1988 and as associate pastor in campus ministry at the St. Mary’s Student Center in College Station, Texas in 1989. From 1990 to 1992 he served as the associate pastor at St. Mary’s Cathedral in Austin, and returned to St. Mary’s Student Center as associate pastor in 1992 and served there as pastor from 1993 to 2006. He then served as the vocation director for the Diocese of Austin from 2006 to 2009. He served as the pastor of St. Thomas More Church in Austin (2009–2010) before serving as the vicar general and moderator of the curia of the Austin Diocese from 2010 to 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of San Angelo.

paragraph: Pope Francis named Sis the bishop of San Angelo on December 12, 2013. He was consecrated a bishop on January 27, 2014 by Archbishop Gustavo García-Siller, MSpS of San Antonio. Bishops Michael David Pfeifer, OMI, Bishop Emeritus of San Angelo, and Joe S. Vásquez of Austin were the co-consecrators. The liturgy was celebrated in the Junell Center on the campus of Angelo State University. Sis's father, Deacon Raymond Sis, assisted at the consecration.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of San Angelo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Austin

description: Sixth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Angelo.

wikidata_label: Michael Sis

wikipedia_title: Michael Sis


text:
Russell Johnston
Russell Johnston (footballer)
Double-elimination tournament
Russell Johnstone
1967 Penrith Panthers season
Russell Johnson (disambiguation)

paragraph: Russell Johnston (disambiguation)

paragraph: Russell Johnston was a politician.

paragraph: Russell Johnston(e) may also refer to:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russell Johnston (footballer)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russell Irvin Johnston, creator of Double-elimination tournament

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russell Johnstone, rugby player in 1967 Penrith Panthers season

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Russell Johnson (disambiguation)

wikipedia_title: Russell Johnston (disambiguation)


text:
Iraq
monument of Ashurbanipal
Asian Art Museum
San Francisco Public Library
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Middle East
Library of Ashurbanipal
Nineveh
Baghdad
Northern Iran's great massacre
World War I
University of California, Berkeley

categories: Bronze sculptures,21st-century sculptors,1947 births,20th-century sculptors,Abstract sculptors,Artists from Baghdad,Iraqi sculptors,20th-century artists,Abstract artists,Living people,Iraqi contemporary artists

paragraph: Fred Parhad

paragraph: Fred Parhad (born 1947) is an Iraqi sculptor, most known for his monument of Ashurbanipal which stands in San Francisco in front of the Asian Art Museum. Fred Parhad is a self-taught sculptor, who, at the beginning of his career, focused on ancient Assyrian art.

paragraph: Section::::The statue of Ashurbanipal.

paragraph: The statue of the Assyrian King, Ashurbanipal, looks onto the San Francisco Public Library. Dressed in a short tunic, if the king's right arm cradles a lion cub, his left hand holds a clay tablet. Bronze plaque and rosettes adorn the concrete base of the statue.. The clay tablet held by the king reads as follows:

paragraph: "Peace unto heaven and earth

paragraph: Peace unto countries and cities

paragraph: Peace unto the dwellers in all lands"

paragraph: Ashurbanipal, son of Esarhaddon, was the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (668BC–c-627 BC). He introduced the first systematically organized library in the ancient Middle East, the Library of Ashurbanipal, now at Nineveh, partially though, which survived through the ages.

paragraph: Section::::Brief biography.

paragraph: The sculptor Fred Parhad was born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1947. Following Northern Iran's great massacre, a little before World War I, his grandfather Dr. Baba Parhad moved the entire family including his parents. He spent his younger days in Iraq, Iran and Kuwait, where his father, Dr. Luther Parhad, held the position of a director in the health sector.

paragraph: He had a keen interest in sculpture right from his early days and spent time on it through his school days and continued further while studying at University of California, Berkeley. He made this passion of his a career choice when he moved to New York in 1976.

description: Assyrian sculptor

wikidata_label: Fred Parhad

wikipedia_title: Fred Parhad


text: Ballet Russes

text: Serge Lifar

text: Balanchine

text: Apollon Musagète

text: Anna Pavlova

text: Marie Rambert

text: Marie Rambert

text: Ballet Club

text: Mercury Theatre, Notting Hill Gate

text: Hugh Laing

text: Andrée Howard

text: Agnes de Mille

text: Peggy van Praagh

text: Maude Lloyd

text: Walter Gore

text: Lucia Chase

text: American Ballet Theatre

text: Pillar of Fire

text: Metropolitan Opera Ballet School

text: Juilliard School

text: Royal Swedish Ballet

text: New York City Ballet

text: University of California, Irvine

text: Laguna Beach, California

text: Nora Kaye

text: Dick Cavett

text: Brandeis University

text: Dance Magazine

text: Capezio

text: Handel Medallion

text: Kennedy Center

text: National Museum of Dance

text: George Balanchine

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov

text: Zen

text: Easter Sunday

text: First Zen Institute of America

text: Labanotation

text: Dance Notation Bureau

text: Antony Tudor Ballet Trust

text: Donald Mahler

text: Amanda McKerrow

text: Kirk Peterson

text: Sallie Wilson

categories: People from London,Choreographers of American Ballet Theatre,1908 births,English expatriates in the United States,English choreographers,LGBT dancers,Ballet choreographers,1987 deaths,English male ballet dancers,University of California, Irvine faculty,Kennedy Center honorees,LGBT people from England

paragraph: Antony Tudor

paragraph: Antony Tudor (4 April 1908 – 19 April 1987) was an English ballet choreographer, teacher and dancer.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Tudor was born William Cook in London. He discovered dance accidentally. Tudor’s first exposure to professional ballet was in his late teens when he first saw Diaghilev's Ballet Russes. He witnessed the dancer Serge Lifar of the Diaghilev Ballet in Balanchine’s "Apollon Musagète" in 1928. Later, the Ballet Russes would introduce him to Anna Pavlova, whom further inspired his journey into the world of dance. Tudor reached out to Cyril Beaumont, the owner of a ballet book shop in the Charing Cross Road district in London, to seek advice regarding training and was instructed to study with Marie Rambert, a former Diaghilev Ballet dancer who taught the Cecchetti method.

paragraph: He began dancing professionally with Marie Rambert in 1928, becoming general assistant for her Ballet Club the next year. A precocious choreographer, at age twenty-three he created for her dancers "Cross Garter'd", then "Lysistrata", "The Planets" and other works at the little Mercury Theatre, Notting Hill Gate, and his two most revolutionary, "Jardin Aux Lilas" ("Lilac Garden") and "Dark Elegies", before the age of thirty, himself dancing the main roles.

paragraph: In 1938, he founded the London Ballet with Rambert members, including his future life partner, Hugh Laing, Andrée Howard, Agnes de Mille, Peggy van Praagh, Maude Lloyd and Walter Gore. With the onset of World War II, in 1940 he was invited with them to New York, joining Richard Pleasant's and Lucia Chase's reorganized Ballet Theater. Chase's company was later to become the American Ballet Theatre, with which Tudor was closely associated for the rest of his life.

paragraph: He was a resident choreographer with Ballet Theater for ten years, restaging some of his earlier works but also creating new works, his great "Pillar of Fire" (1942), "Romeo and Juliet", "Dim Lustre" and "Undertow", on that company by the end of the war. Retiring from dancing in 1950, he headed the faculty of the Metropolitan Opera Ballet School, taught at the Juilliard School recurrently from 1950 onwards, and was artistic director for the Royal Swedish Ballet from 1963-64. He choreographed three works for the New York City Ballet. Tudor continued his teaching career as Professor of Ballet Technique at the Department of Dance, University of California, Irvine from 1973 (work curtailed by a serious heart condition), while rejoining American Ballet Theatre in 1974 as associate artistic director, creating "The Leaves Are Fading" and "Tiller In the Fields", his last major work, in 1978. With Laing, he continued seasonal residence in Laguna Beach, California.

paragraph: Muses in which specific ballets where created for include Maude Lloyd, Hugh Laing and Nora Kaye. While specific ballets were not created for them, Diana Adams and Sallie Wilson can also be considered as muses of Mr. Tudor.

paragraph: As a teacher, Tudor was known for focusing on physical and psychological details to strip away the ego allowing the dancer to be pushed outside their comfort zone and extend their potential. In an interview with Dick Cavett, Tudor is noted as saying, "You’ve got to get rid of the personal mannerisms to get to the character in the ballet and dancers don't want to let go. Breaking down a person isn't hard. But you cannot break them down unless you are willing to pick up the ashes right away and turn them into the Phoenix. That's the tough thing. You're terribly tempted to lay them flat and walk on them. "

paragraph: Tudor was awarded a creative arts medal by Brandeis University, the "Dance Magazine" and Capezio awards, New York City's Handel Medallion, and both Kennedy Center and Dance/USA National Honors. Tudor was inducted into the Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame at the National Museum of Dance in 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy & Trust.

paragraph: Tudor is generally accepted as one of the great originals of modern dance forms. Along with George Balanchine, he is seen as a principal transformer of ballet into a modern art, but of a genius that uses, rather than proceeds from, ballet forms. His work is usually considered as modern “psychological” expression, but — like their creator - of austerity, elegance and nobility, remarkably primarily using only classical forms. Mikhail Baryshnikov said, "We do Tudor's ballets because we must. Tudor's work is our conscience."

paragraph: A disciplined Zen Buddhist, Tudor died on Easter Sunday in his residence at the First Zen Institute of America, aged 79.

paragraph: Thirty of Tudor's dances have been documented in Labanotation by the Dance Notation Bureau. The scores' introductory material contains history of the dances, cast lists, stylistic notes, background on Tudor, and information needed to stage the works (costumes, sets, lighting, music).

paragraph: The Antony Tudor Ballet Trust was established to continue staging Mr. Tudor’s works. His Last Will and Testament appointed Sally Brayley Bliss as the sole Trustee of his ballets upon his Will submission to The Surrogate’s Court of the State of New York in 1987.

paragraph: The Trust includes the following répétiterus: Diana Byer, John Gardner, Airi Hymninen, James Jordan, Donald Mahler, Amanda McKerrow, Christopher Newton, Kirk Peterson, David Richardson, Willy Shives, Lance Westwood, Celia Franca (in memoriam) and Sallie Wilson (in memoriam). Tara McBride is the Administrator for the trust.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-  "Zen Notes" obituary issue, 34:5 (May 1987), includes "Tudor Dies" by Mary Farkas; "Notes on Tudor" by Clara Gibson Maxwell and Suzanne Ames.

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Clara Gibson Maxwell, "Dancing Tudor's "Cereus"," "Zen Notes", 28:10 (October 1981): 6

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry of Antony Tudor's Dances on the Dance Notation Bureau's On-line Theatrical Dances Catalog.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archival film of Antony Tudor's Gala Performance in 1959 at Jacob's Pillow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archive film of Antony Tudor's Jardin aux Lilas in 1953 at Jacob's Pillow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh Laing and Antony Tudor papers, 1911-1988 Jerome Robbins Dance Division, New York Public Library.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archival footage of Johan Renvall and Madeleine Onne performing in Antony Tudor's "Little Improvisations" in 1983 at Jacob’s Pillow Dance Festival.

description: British dancer and choreographer

wikidata_label: Antony Tudor

wikipedia_title: Antony Tudor


text: German

text: Latin

text: German

text: Jesuit

text: scientist

text: physics

text: mathematics

text: natural philosophy

text: Bad Königshofen im Grabfeld

text: Society of Jesus

text: Athanasius Kircher

text: Würzburg

text: universal joint

text: gear teeth

text: optics

text: acoustics

text: air pump

text: Technica Curiosa

text: Athanasius Kircher

text: Albert Curtz

text: List of Jesuit scientists

text: Catholic Encyclopedia

text: Data from Galileo Project

text: The Correspondence of Caspar Schott

text: EMLO

text: " Physica Curiosa.", 1697

text: "Mechanico hydraulico-pneumatica"

text: Linda Hall Library

text: "Magia universalis naturae et artis"

text: Linda Hall Library

text: Linda Hall Library

categories: German mathematicians,University of Palermo alumni,1666 deaths,Catholic clergy scientists,German physicists,Optical physicists,German Jesuits,1608 births

paragraph: Gaspar Schott

paragraph: Gaspar Schott (German: "Kaspar" (or "Caspar") "Schott"; Latin: "Gaspar Schottus"; 5 February 1608 – 22 May 1666) was a German Jesuit and scientist, specializing in the fields of physics, mathematics and natural philosophy, and known for his industry.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born at Bad Königshofen im Grabfeld. It is probable, but not certain, that his early education was at the Jesuit College at Würzburg. In any case, at the age of 19 he joined the Society of Jesus, entering the novitiate at Trier on 30 October 1627. After two years of novitiate training, he matriculated at the University of Würzburg on 6 November 1629 to begin a three-year study of Philosophy, following the normal academic path prescribed for Jesuit seminarians. Owing to the Swedish invasion of Würzburg in October 1631, the Jesuit community fled the cit . Schott went, first to the Jesuit seminary of Tournai in Belgium, and subsequently, in 1633, to Caltagirone in Sicily, where he continued his study of Theology. After two years at Caltagirone, he was transferred to Palermo for his final year study of Theology after which, in 1637, he was ordained a priest. For the next fifteen years he held a range of teaching and pastoral positions in various Jesuit colleges in Sicily. In 1652, following correspondence with his old mathematics teacher at Würzburg, Fr. Athanasius Kircher, now an internationally acclaimed scholar at the Collegio Romano, Schott was transferred to the Collegio to work as Kircher's assistant. He was to spend the next two and a half years assisting Kircher, but also assembling material of his own for which he would later seek a publisher.

paragraph: In 1655 Schott returned to Germany, first to Mainz, and later the same year to Würzburg where he was to remain until his death. His return to Germany appears to have been partly motivated by the desire of his Jesuit superiors to mollify the Archbishop Elector of Mainz, Johann von Schönborn, with whom relations had been strained.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Schott was the author of numerous works from the fields of mathematics, physics, and magic. However, those works were mostly compilations of reports, articles or books he read and his own repeated experiments; he did little, if any, original research.

paragraph: Schott is most widely known for his works on hydraulic and mechanical instruments. His treatise on "chronometric marvels" is the first work describing a universal joint and providing the classification of gear teeth.

paragraph: Among his most famous works is the book "Magia universalis naturæ et artis" (4 vols., Würtzburg, 1657–1659), filled with many mathematical problems and physical experiments, mostly from the areas of optics and acoustics. His "Mechanicahydraulica-pneumatica" (Würtzburg, 1657) contains the first description of von Guericke's air pump. He also published "Pantometricum Kircherianum" (Würtzburg, 1660); "Physica curiosa" (Würtzburg, 1662), a supplement to the "Magia universalis"; "Anatomia physico-hydrostatica fontium et fluminum" (Würtzburg, 1663), "Technica Curiosa" (1664), "Organum Mathematicum" (1668) and several editions of a "Cursus mathematicus." He was also the editor of the "Itinerarium extacticum" of Athanasius Kircher and the "Amussis Ferdidindea" of Albert Curtz.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Jesuit scientists

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Data from Galileo Project

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Correspondence of Caspar Schott in EMLO

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kircher/Schott: "Athanasii Kircheri iter extaticum coeleste", 1660

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kircher/Schott: "Pantometrum Kircherianum, hoc est, instrumentum geometricum novem", 1660

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Physica Curiosa.", 1697

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaspar Schott (1657) "Mechanico hydraulico-pneumatica" - digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaspar Schott (1658) "Magia universalis naturae et artis" - digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- A selection of high-resolution scans from books by Gaspar Schott - Linda Hall Library

description: German scientist

wikidata_label: Gaspar Schott

wikipedia_title: Gaspar Schott


text: iron ore

text: magnate

text: Western Australia

text: Rose Porteous

text: Filipino

text: Gina Rinehart

text: government of Australia

text: Indigenous Australians

text: Leederville, Perth, Western Australia

text: South Australia

text: Emma Withnell

text: Sir Valston Hancock

text: station

text: Ashburton Downs

text: Mulga Downs Station

text: St Aloysius Convent of Mercy

text: Toodyay

text: Hale School

text: E. A. "Peter" Wright

text: handshake

text: militia

text: sergeant

text: Gina Rinehart

text: Wittenoom Gorge

text: blue asbestos

text: Australian Blue Asbestos

text: CSR Limited

text: asbestos-related diseases

text: Pilbara region of Western Australia

text: Nunyerry

text: Turner River

text: Neill Phillipson

text: Harry Page Woodward

text: Commonwealth Government

text: Government of Western Australia

text: Rio Tinto Group

text: A

text: estimated

text: Business Review Weekly

text: conservative

text: donated

text: Liberal

text: National

text: Parties of Australia

text: Queensland

text: Premier

text: Joh Bjelke-Petersen

text: Australian Labor Party

text: Sir Charles Court

text: Telex

text: Treasurer of Australia

text: Phillip Lynch

text: Friends of the Earth

text: Ralph Nader

text: John Kenneth Galbraith

text: Fraser

text: "The Sunday Independent"

text: "The Truth"

text: small government

text: Royal Commission

text: Western Australian secession

text: Philippines

text: working visa

text: maid

text: Sydney

text: gold digging

text: age disparity

text: real estate

text: The Age

text: Swan River

text: Tara

text: Gone with the Wind

text: William Porteous

text: Max Evans

text: arteriosclerotic

text: heart disease

text: WA Attorney-General

text: will

text: Hancock Range

text: Newman

text: Hancock Prospecting website

text: Why Gina just got richer

text: ABC

categories: 1992 deaths,Pilbara,Australian prospectors,Lang Hancock family,1909 births,People from Perth, Western Australia,Australian military personnel of World War II,People educated at Hale School

paragraph: Lang Hancock

paragraph: Langley Frederick George "Lang" Hancock (10 June 1909 27 March 1992) was an Australian iron ore magnate from Western Australia who maintained a high profile in the spheres of business and politics. Famous initially for discovering the world's largest iron ore deposit in 1952 and becoming one of the richest men in Australia, he is now perhaps best remembered for his marriage to the much-younger Rose Porteous, a Filipino woman and his former maid. Hancock's daughter, Gina Rinehart, was bitterly opposed to Hancock's relationship with Porteous. The conflicts between Rinehart and Porteous overshadowed his final years and continued until more than a decade after his death.

paragraph: Aside from his extensively publicised personal life, Hancock's extreme right-wing views on the government of Australia, Indigenous Australians, and sociopolitical topics caused widespread controversy during his life.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hancock was born on 10 June 1909 in Leederville, Perth, Western Australia. He was the oldest of four children born to Lilian () and George Hancock; his mother was born in South Australia and his father in Western Australia. His father's great-aunt was Emma Withnell, while a cousin was Sir Valston Hancock. Hancock spent his early childhood on his family's station at Ashburton Downs, later moving to Mulga Downs Station in the north-west after his father, George Hancock, bought a farming estate there. After initially being educated at home, at the age of eight he began boarding at the St Aloysius Convent of Mercy in Toodyay. He later attended Hale School in Perth from 1924 to 1927, where he played for the school cricket and football teams. Upon completing his secondary education, he returned to Mulga Downs Station to help his father manage the property.

paragraph: As a young man, Hancock was widely considered charming and charismatic. In 1935 he married 21-year-old Susette Maley, described by his biographer Debi Marshall as "an attractive blonde with laughing eyes". The couple lived at Mulga Downs for many years, but Maley pined for city life and eventually left Hancock to return to Perth. Their separation – formalised in 1944 – was amicable. Also in 1935, Hancock took over the management of Mulga Downs station from his father. He partnered with his old schoolmate E. A. "Peter" Wright in running the property, later boasting that no deals between the two men were ever sealed with anything stronger than a handshake.

paragraph: During the Second World War, Hancock served in a militia unit, the 11th (North-West) Battalion, Volunteer Defence Corps, and obtained the rank of sergeant. On 4 August 1947, he married his second wife, Hope Margaret Nicholas, the mother of his only acknowledged child, Gina Rinehart. Lang and Hope remained married for 35 years, until her death in 1983 at the age of 66. In 2012 Hilda Kickett, who had long claimed to be Lang Hancock's illegitimate daughter came forward to claim that the late mining magnate had had an illicit affair with an Aboriginal cook on his property at Mulga Downs resulting in her conception. These claims have not been corroborated.

paragraph: Section::::Wittenoom Gorge.

paragraph: As a child, Hancock showed a keen interest in mining and prospecting and discovered asbestos at Wittenoom Gorge at the age of ten. He staked a claim at Wittenoom in 1934 and began mining blue asbestos there in 1938 with the company Australian Blue Asbestos.

paragraph: The mine attracted the attention of national behemoths CSR Limited, who purchased the claim in 1943. Hancock retained a 49% share after the sale, but appears to have become quickly disillusioned about this arrangement, complaining that CSR viewed their 51% share as a licence to ignore his views. He sold the remainder of his claim in 1948. The mine would later become the source of much controversy, when hundreds of cases of asbestos-related diseases came to light. He was aware of the dangers of asbestos prior to selling his stake in Australian Blue Asbestos (as recently discovered papers have shown) but never accepted any liability, nor have his companies since his death. Neither the Australian federal government nor the Western Australian state government have pursued his companies for damages as of 2017.

paragraph: Section::::The Pilbara discovery.

paragraph: On 16 November 1952, Hancock claimed he discovered the world's largest deposit of iron ore in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Hancock said he was flying from Nunyerry to Perth with his wife, Hope, when they were forced by bad weather to fly low, through the gorges of the Turner River. In Hancock's own words,

paragraph: The story is widely accepted in modern descriptions of the discovery, but one biographer, Neill Phillipson, disputes Hancock's account. In "Man of Iron" he argues that there was no rain in the area of the Turner River on 16 November 1952 or indeed on "any" day in November 1952, a fact the Australian Bureau of Metrology confirms. Hancock returned to the area many times and, accompanied by prospector Ken McCamey, followed the iron ore over a distance of 112 km. He soon came to realise that he had stumbled across reserves of iron ore so vast that they could supply the entire world, thus confirming the discovery of the geologist Harry Page Woodward, who after his survey asserted:

paragraph: At the time, however, the common perception was that mineral resources were scarce in Australia. The Commonwealth Government had enacted an embargo on the export of iron ore, while the Government of Western Australia banned the pegging of claims for iron ore prospects. Hancock lobbied furiously for a decade to get the ban lifted and in 1961 was finally able to reveal his discovery and stake his claim.

paragraph: In the mid sixties Hancock turned once more to Peter Wright and the pair entered into a deal with mining giant Rio Tinto Group to develop the iron ore find. Hancock named it "Hope Downs" after his wife. Under the terms of the deal Rio Tinto set up and still administer a mine in the area. Wright and Hancock walked away with annual royalties of A$25 million, split evenly between the two men. In 1990, Hancock was estimated by "Business Review Weekly" to be worth a minimum of A$125 million.

paragraph: Section::::Political activity.

paragraph: Although Lang Hancock never aspired to political office, he held strong conservative political views and often entered the political arena. In addition to his activities in the 1950s, lobbying against government restrictions on the mining of iron ore, Hancock donated considerable sums of money to politicians of many political stripes. His political views aligned most closely with the Liberal and National Parties of Australia. He was a good friend and strong supporter of Queensland Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen and donated A$632,000 to the Queensland National Party while Sir Joh was in charge. He gave A$314,000 to their counterparts in Western Australia, but also gave the Western Australian Labor Party A$985,000; because "at least they can't do any harm". Hancock had had a falling-out with Sir Charles Court and the Western Australian Liberals and was adamant that the Liberals should be kept out of power as long as possible.

paragraph: Hancock also offered strong advice to the politicians he favoured. In 1977 he sent a Telex to the then-Treasurer of Australia Sir Phillip Lynch, telling him he needed to "stop money coming in to finance subversive activities, such as Friends of the Earth, which is a well-heeled foreign operation." He also suggested to Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen that the Federal Government should attempt to censor the works of Ralph Nader and John Kenneth Galbraith, lest they "wreck Fraser's government".

paragraph: In 1969 Hancock and his partner Peter Wright commenced publication in Perth of a weekly newspaper, "The Sunday Independent", principally to help further their mining interests. Faced with strong competition, the newspaper is thought never to have turned a profit, Hancock largely relinquishing his interest in it in the early 70s and Wright selling it to "The Truth" in 1984.

paragraph: Hancock was a staunch proponent of small government and resented what he considered to be interference by the Commonwealth Government in Western Australian affairs. He declared before a state Royal Commission in 1991 that "I have always believed that the best government is the least government", and that "Although governments do not and cannot positively help business, they can be disruptive and destructive."

paragraph: Hancock bankrolled an unsuccessful secessionist party in the 1970s, and in 1979 published a book, "Wake Up Australia", outlining what he saw as the case for Western Australian secession. The book was launched by Gina Rinehart and Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen.

paragraph: Section::::Attitudes towards Aboriginal people.

paragraph: Hancock is quoted as saying,

paragraph: In a 1984 television interview, Hancock suggested forcing unemployed indigenous Australians − specifically "the ones that are no good to themselves and who can't accept things, the half-castes" − to collect their welfare cheques from a central location. "And when they had gravitated there, I would dope the water up so that they were sterile and would breed themselves out in the future, and that would solve the problem."

paragraph: Section::::Rose Porteous.

paragraph: In 1983, the same year as Hope Hancock's death, Rose Lacson (now Porteous) arrived in Australia from the Philippines on a three-month working visa. By the arrangement of Hancock's daughter, Gina Rinehart, Porteous began working as a maid for the newly widowed Lang Hancock.

paragraph: Hancock and Porteous became romantically involved over the course of Porteous' employment and they were wed on 6 July 1985 in Sydney. It was a third marriage for each of them. Porteous, who was thirty-nine years younger than her husband, was often accused of gold digging because of their age disparity, as well as being unfaithful and promiscuous. As Porteous later stated: "I have been accused of sleeping with every man in Australia ... I would have been a very busy woman." Hancock's daughter, Gina Rinehart, who stood to inherit his entire estate, did not attend the wedding.

paragraph: Although the marriage would later prove tumultuous, early on Hancock was clearly infatuated with his young wife. He gave her money and investments in real estate in the Sydney area. Porteous, in turn, helped Hancock to look and act like a much younger man, belying his eight decades. As "The Age" put it, "Rose made Lang feel younger, sprucing up his wardrobe, dying his hair and getting rid of his cane." Together they built the "Prix d'Amour", a lavish 16-block mansion overlooking the Swan River. The mansion, which was modelled after Tara, the plantation mansion from the movie "Gone with the Wind", was the setting for many large parties at which Hancock and Porteous would "dance into the night".

paragraph: As the marriage wore on, however, the relationship between Lang and Rose began to break down. Rinehart would later claim that Hancock's bride had paid little attention to his worsening health, but had instead "screeched at him for money". Although there were many quarrels, the Hancocks remained married until Lang's death in 1992.

paragraph: On 25 June 1992, less than three months after Hancock's death, Porteous married for the fourth time, to Hancock's long-time friend William Porteous. Rinehart was indignant at the haste with which her stepmother had remarried.

paragraph: The Prix d'Amour, built in 1990, was bulldozed in March 2006. West Australian finance minister Max Evans mourned the loss of the home as the excavators moved in and recalled Hancock had been bemused by his wife's desire for the sprawling mansion:

paragraph: "He'd say, 'Mr Evans, I don't know why Rose wants this house, I'd be happy sleeping in a transportable.' "

paragraph: Mrs Porteous told him she'd always wanted to live in Prix D'Amour, "but I don't want to clean it", she had added quickly.

paragraph: Section::::Death and inquest.

paragraph: In March 1992 Hancock died, aged 82 years, while living in the guesthouse of the Prix D'Amour, the palatial home he had built for his third wife, Rose. According to his daughter, the death was "unexpected" and came "despite strong will to live".

paragraph: An autopsy showed that he had died of arteriosclerotic heart disease and police investigation revealed no evidence to contradict that. However, Hancock's daughter insisted that her stepmother had unnaturally hastened his death. Two successive state coroners refused to allow an inquest, but one was eventually granted in 1999 under the direction of the WA Attorney-General, Peter Foss.

paragraph: After preliminary hearings during 2000, the inquest began in April 2001 with an initial estimate of 63 witnesses to be called over five weeks. The inquest was dominated by claims that Porteous had literally nagged Hancock to death with shrill tantrums and arguments. Porteous denied the allegations, famously explaining: "For anyone else it would be a tantrum, for me it's just raising my voice." In the last few days of Hancock's life, Porteous had attempted to pressure him into changing his will and Hancock eventually took out a restraining order against her. The inquest was put on hold after allegations that Rinehart had paid witnesses to appear and that some had lied in their testimony. It resumed three months later with a smaller witness list and ended with the finding that Hancock had died of natural causes and not as a result of Porteous' behaviour.

paragraph: With a legal bill of A$2.7m, Rose and William Porteous commenced action against Rinehart, that was eventually settled out of court in 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Hancock's daughter, Gina Rinehart, continues to chair Hancock Prospecting and its expansion into mining projects continues in Western Australia and other states of Australia, estimated to be earning about 870 million in revenue in 2011.

paragraph: Rinehart is Australia's richest person and is also the world's richest woman, with a net worth of 29.17 billion.

paragraph: The Hancock Range, situated about north-west of the town of Newman at , commemorates the family's contribution to the establishment of the pastoral and mining industry in the Pilbara region.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hancock Prospecting website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Why Gina just got richer, ABC North-West WA, 8 July 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Book review of Robert Wainwright's "Rose", from aussiereviews.com

description: Australian businessman

wikidata_label: Lang Hancock

wikipedia_title: Lang Hancock


text:
basketball
Los Angeles Lakers
National Basketball Association
Spectrum SportsNet
1987
Chick Hearn
Paul Sunderland
Joel Meyers
Bill Macdonald
National Basketball Association
1968
1976
San Diego Rockets
1968 NBA draft
Oakland Oaks
University of Nebraska
NBA player statistics

categories: People from Uniontown, Pennsylvania,African-American basketball players,San Diego Rockets draft picks,San Diego Clippers broadcasters,National Basketball Association broadcasters,Detroit Pistons players,Basketball players from Pennsylvania,1946 births,Los Angeles Lakers players,Oakland Oaks draft picks,San Diego Rockets players,Living people,American men's basketball players,Shooting guards,New Orleans Jazz expansion draft picks,Houston Rockets players,Nebraska Cornhuskers men's basketball players,New Orleans Jazz players,Los Angeles Lakers broadcasters,Point guards

paragraph: Stu Lantz

paragraph: Stuart Burrell Lantz (born July 13, 1946) is an American former basketball player who is a television commentator for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) on Spectrum SportsNet. He has been the Lakers' color commentator since 1987, sharing the microphone with Chick Hearn, Paul Sunderland, Joel Meyers and now Bill Macdonald. Lantz has won numerous awards for his work along the way. The Southern California Sports Broadcasters Association has named Lantz best radio commentator in six of the last seven years.

paragraph: Lantz played in the National Basketball Association from 1968 until 1976. He was drafted by the San Diego Rockets in the third round (1st Pick, 23rd Overall) of the 1968 NBA draft and by the Oakland Oaks in the 1968 ABA Draft after attending the University of Nebraska.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NBA player statistics @ basketballreference.com

description: American basketball player

wikidata_label: Stu Lantz

wikipedia_title: Stu Lantz


text: Abbot of Reichenau

text: Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Gregorian chant

text: modes

text: Gregorian chant

text: Benedictine rule

text: scriptorium

text: Hermann of Reichenau

text: Arabic mathematics

text: astronomy

text: Stephen I of Hungary

text: Peter Orseolo of Hungary

text: Gisela

text: List of Berno's works with online texts

categories: 1048 deaths,970s births,German abbots,German music theorists

paragraph: Berno of Reichenau

paragraph: Berno (c. 978 – 7 June 1048) was the Abbot of Reichenau from his appointment by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1008. He reformed the Gregorian chant. He compiled a "tonarius", dealing with the organisation of the church chants into ‘tones’ – eight modes of the Gregorian chant.

paragraph: Following the reforms initiated under Abbot Immo, who imposed the Benedictine rule at Reichenau, under Berno's enlightened guidance the abbey reached its peak as a centre of learning, with a productive scriptorium, as a centre of Bendictine monasticism and eleventh-century liturgical and musical reforms in the German churches. At Reichenau he erected the tall western tower and transept that stand today on the island site of Reichenau-Mittelzell. One of his most famous students was Hermann of Reichenau, who transmitted Arabic mathematics and astronomy to central Europe.

paragraph: Politically the abbot cleaved to his patrons Henry and to Henry III, duke of Bavaria and eventually Emperor, and wrote many letters and missives to the Hungarian kings Saint Stephen I of Hungary and Peter Orseolo of Hungary, containing various historical information about the Hungarian kingdom of that time useful for the historian. His activity in regard to Hungary was specially important during the reign of Stephen, as his wife was Gisela, the emperor Henry II's sister.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roland Rappmann, Alfons Zettler. 1998. "Die Reichenauer Mönchsgemeinschaft und ihr Totengedenken im frühen Mittelalter" (Sigmaringen : Thorbecke)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Berno's works with online texts

description: German abbot

wikidata_label: Berno of Reichenau

wikipedia_title: Berno of Reichenau


text:
Joanna I of Naples
Prince of Taranto
Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Jutta of Brandenburg
Violante of Vilaragut
James III of Majorca
Queen
Joanna I of Naples
Western Schism
Pope
Urban VI
Rome
Clement VII
Avignon
Charles V of France
Louis of Anjou
Charles of Durazzo
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Naples
San Fele
Charles III of Naples
Foggia
Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Einbeck
His profile in Peerage.com

categories: 1320 births,Royal consorts of Naples,1398 deaths,Princes of Grubenhagen,Kings consort

paragraph: Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen

paragraph: Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1320 – 1 December 1398) was the fourth and last husband of Joanna I of Naples. He also held the title of Prince of Taranto. His nickname was Otto the Tarantine.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Otto was the eldest son of Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (c. 1289 – 1351) and his first wife Jutta of Brandenburg.

paragraph: In 1353, he married his first wife Violante of Vilaragut, a daughter of Berengar de Villaragut and widow of James III of Majorca. There were no children from this marriage. By 1372, Otto was a widower.

paragraph: On 25 September 1376, Otto married his second wife, the three times widowed Queen Joanna I of Naples. The groom was fifty-six years old and the bride about forty-eight. The marriage was childless.

paragraph: The so-called Western Schism started in 1378 with the election of two rival Popes, Urban VI of Rome and Clement VII of Avignon. Joanna supported Clement VII and allied herself with his main supporter Charles V of France. With no hope of having further children of her own, Joanna chose to strengthen her alliance with France by adopting Louis of Anjou, younger brother of Charles V, as her heir.

paragraph: Urban VI proclaimed Joanna deposed in 1381. He named her second cousin Charles of Durazzo as his candidate for the supposedly vacant throne. Charles spent the following months gathering his army within Kingdom of Hungary and then marched against the Kingdom of Naples. Otto led the Neapolitan army in battle but was defeated.

paragraph: Otto was exiled from Naples and would never return. Joanna was strangled in prison in the Castle of San Fele on 12 May 1382. Charles of Durazzo became King Charles III of Naples while Louis of Anjou became a rival candidate for his throne.

paragraph: Otto survived Joanna by at least sixteen years but never remarried. He died childless at Foggia and was succeeded by his first cousin, once removed Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, previously Duke of Einbeck.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His profile in Peerage.com

description: Prince of Taranto, 4th husband of queen Joanna I of Naples

wikidata_label: Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen

wikipedia_title: Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen


text: Constantinople

text: saint

text: Eastern Churches

text: Rome

text: Byzantine

text: Justinian the Great

text: Mocius

text: Peter the Great

text: Charles XII of Sweden

text: Battle of Poltava

text: Russia

text: St Sampson's Cathedral

text: St. Petersburg

text: Sampson the Hospitable

categories: 530 deaths,Justinian I,6th-century Christian saints,Year of birth unknown,6th-century Byzantine people,People from Constantinople,Holy Unmercenaries,People from Rome

paragraph: Sampson the Hospitable

paragraph: Sampson the Hospitable (, ; died 530 AD) was a citizen of Constantinople who devoted his time to serving the poor of the city. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Churches.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Sampson was born in Rome to a prominent family. He was a physician who devoted much of his time to helping the poor and sick. He turned his home into a free clinic, providing his patients with food and lodging as well as medical care. He was later ordained a priest by the patriarch.

paragraph: When the Byzantine emperor Justinian the Great became ill he sent for Sampson to cure him. He was the only physician in the city to do the emperor any good, and the emperor wanted to reward him. Sampson requested that the emperor help him establish a new hospital for the poor. With the emperor's assistance Sampson founded the hospital, which became the largest free clinic in the empire and served the people of Constantinople for 600 years.

paragraph: Sampson was buried in the Church of the Holy Martyr Mocius in Constantinople. It was on his feast day that Peter the Great defeated Charles XII of Sweden in the Battle of Poltava. This led to his veneration in Russia, including the construction of St Sampson's Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sampson the Hospitable

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orthodox Calendar – Sampson the Hospitable

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reconstruction of the Hospital of Sampson in Istanbul

description: Byzantine saint

wikidata_label: Sampson the Hospitable

wikipedia_title: Sampson the Hospitable


text:
Alphen aan den Rijn
Breda
Dutch war of liberation
Kalslagen
Alphen
Goes
Antwerp
William the Silent
Antwerp
Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga
Pieter Bor
Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft

categories: Dutch people of the Eighty Years' War (United Provinces),16th-century Dutch people,1597 deaths,1516 births

paragraph: Margaretha Coppier

paragraph: Margaretha Coppier or Margaretha van Kalslagen (1516, Alphen aan den Rijn – 1597, Breda) was a Dutch noble and a heroine of the Dutch war of liberation.

paragraph: Coppier was the daughter of Jacob Coppier, lord of Kalslagen and Alphen, and Margaretha van Roon. Her brothers and half-brothers all became active members of the Dutch rebellion. Coppier married Joachim Burgher, a polymath known as "Polites" from Goes, who before their marriage had become scribe of Antwerp in 1541. After his death in 1569 she married his successor as scribe, Willem Martini.

paragraph: In 1574 William the Silent devised a plan to liberate Antwerp from within by infiltrating the city with soldiers who would take shelters in houses and inns. Both Coppier's brother Andries and her husband took part in the plot. The Spanish governor Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga however became aware of the plot and had the city gates sealed, every suspicious person rounded up and every house searched. Andries Coppier was caught and tortured to death without revealing names. The four leaders of the plot had taken refuge at the house of Coppier, who hid them just before her house was searched. Her stoicism during the search saved these people and possibly many others who could have been revealed under torture.

paragraph: Her story was first relayed by Pieter Bor in 1621, but Coppier owns her reputation to Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, who described her heroism extensively in his "Dutch historic tales" of 1647. In 1839, J.I.D. Nepveu reworked Hooft's narrative into a historical novel and in 1842 Valentijn Bing painted the scene in which the Spanish soldiers are seated around the table in which one of the rebel leaders is hidden.

description: Dutch noble

wikidata_label: Margaretha Coppier

wikipedia_title: Margaretha Coppier


text:
Hangul
Hanja
Joseon Dynasty
Sejong the Great
King Jungjong of Joseon
Kim Sik
Byeon Sang-byeok
Ahn Gyeon
Jeong Seon
Kim Hong-do
Arts of Korea

paragraph: Yi Am

paragraph: Yi Am (in Hangul:이암, in Hanja:李巖, 1499~?) was a painter during the mid-Joseon Dynasty. He was the grandson of the 4th son of Sejong the Great.

paragraph: His paintings are famous for exhibiting the artist's own style, as distinct from the fixed Chinese style of the Song dynasty. The artist created many portraits, including the portrait of King Jungjong of Joseon.

paragraph: Several museums in South Korea have housed his paintings. His paintings portray animals in a creative manner, which has influenced later artists Kim Sik (1579-1662) and Byeon Sang-byeok. It is said that Yi Am drew flowers, animals and small insects by the method of maximizing his observation.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahn Gyeon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeong Seon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kim Hong-do

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arts of Korea, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Yi Am

alias:
Yi Am
Yi Am.
Yi Am ii

description: 16th century korean painter

wikidata_label: Yi Ahm

wikipedia_title: Yi Am


text:
Hauptmann
Fallschirmjäger
Nazi Germany
World War II
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Massacre of Kondomari
Iron Cross
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

categories: German military personnel killed in World War II,1916 births,Fallschirmjäger of World War II,1944 deaths

paragraph: Horst Trebes

paragraph: Horst Trebes (22 October 1916 – 29 July 1944) was a "Hauptmann" in the "Fallschirmjäger" of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Trebes participated in the Massacre of Kondomari.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Iron Cross (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2nd Class (13 October 1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st Class (23 May 1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 July 1941 as "Oberleutnant" and leader of the III./Fallschirmjäger-Sturm-Regiment

description: German paratrooper and Knight's Cross recipient

wikidata_label: Horst Trebes

wikipedia_title: Horst Trebes