text:
Korea
Neo Confucian
Paju
Yun clan
Joseon Dynasty
Soron
Seong Hon
Korea
Joseon Dynasty
Soron
pen name
Song Si-yeol
Yi Su-gwang
Yu Hyeong-won
Yu Soo-won
Yun Jeung
Yun Jeung

categories: 1629 births,Korean philosophers,1714 deaths,Korean scholars,Joseon Dynasty politicians,Korean Confucianists,Joseon Dynasty writers

paragraph: Yun Jeung

paragraph: Yun Jeung (1629–1714) was a Korean Neo Confucian scholar and politician from the Paju Yun clan during the late period of the Joseon Dynasty. He was the founder and first head of Soron; his family had high official positions in generation, great-grandson of Seong Hon.

paragraph: a politicians of Korean Joseon Dynasty and member of Westners and Soron party's first Leader. His pen names were Myungjae and Yubong.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Myungjaeyugo (명재유고, 明齋遺顧)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Myungjaeuiryemundap (명재의례문답, 明齋疑禮問答)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Myungjaeyuseo (명재유서)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Song Si-yeol

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yi Su-gwang

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yu Hyeong-won

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yu Soo-won

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kang, Jae-eun; Lee, Suzanne (2006). "The land of scholars: two thousand years of Korean Confucianism". Homa & Sekey Books. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yun Jeung

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yun Jeung

description: Korean philosopher

wikidata_label: Yun Jeung

wikipedia_title: Yun Jeung


text: Greene's Groats-Worth of Witte, bought with a million of Repentance

text: William Shakespeare

text: Norwich

text: Cambridge

text: M.A.

text: St John's College, Cambridge

text: sizar

text: cordwainer

text: Norwich Grammar School

text: Corpus Christi College, Cambridge

text: sizar

text: St John's College, Cambridge

text: commendatory verse

text: Snaith

text: Snaith

text: Richardus Tertius

text: Clare College

text: Lincolnshire

text: Gabriel Harvey

text: Oxford University

text: Saffron Walden

text: Stationers' Register

text: new churchyard

text: Bedlam

text: Gabriel Harvey

text: Cutting Ball

text: Tyburn

text: Shoreditch

text: Stationers' Register

text: Pandosto

text: coney-catching

text: rake

text: University Wits

text: George Peele

text: Thomas Nashe

text: Christopher Marlowe

text: The Scottish History of James IV

text: Alphonsus

text: Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay

text: Orlando Furioso

text: Ludovico Ariosto

text: Orlando Furioso

text: John of Bordeaux

text: The Troublesome Reign of King John

text: George a Greene

text: Fair Em

text: A Knack to Know a Knave

text: Locrine

text: Selimus

text: Edward III

text: Shakespeare's

text: Titus Andronicus

text: Henry VI, Part 3

text: Henry VI, Part 3

text: Oxford English Dictionary

text: Henry Chettle

text: Stephen Greenblatt

text: Falstaff

text: Upstart Crow

text: Ben Elton

text: Mark Heap

text: Margaret, Countess of Derby

text: Lady Mary Talbot

text: Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford

text: Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester

text: Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel

text: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex

text: Robert Carey

text: Margaret, Countess of Cumberland

text: Anne, Countess of Warwick

text: Sir Charles Blount

text: Robert Carey

text: Pandosto

text: George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland

text: Ferdinando Stanley, Lord Strange

text: "Menaphon"

text: Hugh Offley

text: Sheriff of the City of London

text: George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland

text: Sir John Hart

text: Lord Mayor of London

text: Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex

text: Lady Elizabeth Hatton

text: Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay

text: A Looking Glass for London and England

text: Ben Elton

text: sitcom

text: Upstart Crow

text: Mark Heap

text: Winston Graham

text: "The Dramatic Works of Robert Greene" (1831), vol. 1

text: "The Dramatic Works of Robert Greene" (1831), vol. 2

text: "The Plays and Poems of Robert Greene" (1905) vol. 1

text: "The Plays and Poems of Robert Greene" (1905) vol. 2

text: "The Honorable History of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay"

text: "The History of Orlando Furioso"

text: Malone Society

text: "The Comical History of Alphonsus, King of Aragon"

text: " Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit"

text: "Pandosto" online.

text: "A Textual Study of Robert Greene's" Orlando Furioso "with an Elizabethan Text"

text: "The Pamphleteers" by James A. Oliver

categories: People educated at Norwich School (independent school),16th-century male writers,1592 deaths,Esoteric Norwich,1558 births,People from Norwich,Pamphleteers,English Renaissance dramatists,16th-century English writers,University Wits,16th-century dramatists and playwrights,Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge,16th-century English novelists,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Robert Greene (dramatist)

paragraph: Robert Greene (1558–1592) was an English author popular in his day, and now best known for a posthumous pamphlet attributed to him, "Greene's Groats-Worth of Witte, bought with a million of Repentance", widely believed to contain an attack on William Shakespeare. Robert Greene was a popular Elizabethan dramatist and pamphleteer known for his negative critiques of his colleagues. He is said to have been born in Norwich. He attended Cambridge, receiving a BA in 1580, and an M.A. in 1583 before moving to London, where he arguably became the first professional author in England. Greene was prolific and published in many genres including romances, plays and autobiography.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: According to Richardson, "The chief problem in compiling a biography of Robert Greene is the name. "Robert" must have been almost the most popular Elizabethan Christian name and "Greene" is no unusual surname". Newcomb states that Robert Greene

paragraph: was probably the Robert Greene, son of Robert Greene, baptized on 11 July 1558 at St George's, Tombland, Norwich. Greene later described himself as from Norwich on his title-pages, and the year is appropriate for the Robert Greene who matriculated at St John's College, Cambridge, as a sizar on 26 November 1575. The author's father was probably one of two Robert Greenes found later in parish records: either a saddler who lived modestly in the parish until 1599, or a cordwainer who kept an inn in Norwich from the late 1570s until his death in 1591. The saddler appeals to biographers who attribute the writer's later low-life sympathies to a humble birth; the innkeeper, a more prosperous man possibly related to landowners, interests scholars who note the social ambitions of Greene's early works. However, in his will proved in 1591, the innkeeper did not mention a son Robert, although he may have disinherited that son (as the writer implied in one autobiographical statement).

paragraph: Both the Norwich cordwainer-turned-innkeeper and the Norwich saddler left wills, proved in 1591 and 1596 respectively, but neither will mentions a son named Robert.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Greene is thought to have attended the Norwich Grammar School, although this cannot be confirmed as enrolment documents for the relevant years are lost. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, provided scholarships for students from the Norwich grammar school, and for this reason Greene's matriculation as a sizar at St John's College, Cambridge, has been considered "strange". A reason offered for Greene's enrolment at St John's is that some of the gentry of South Yorkshire attended St John's, and among the dedicatees of, or authors of commendatory verses for Greene's books were members of the Darcy, Portington, Lee, Stapleton, and Rogers families, all centred at Snaith, Yorkshire; according to Richardson, the Robert Greene from Norwich who was an innkeeper may have been an immigrant from Yorkshire connected to 'a large family of Greenes' who lived in the parish of Snaith, and may actually have left Norwich to reside at Snaith from 1571 to 1577.

paragraph: There is no record of Greene's having taken part in the dramatic productions at Cambridge in 1579 and 1580, although 18 of his classmates and Fellows of the Cambridge colleges acted in "Hymenaeus", and 46 in "Richardus Tertius". His academic performance as an undergraduate at Cambridge was mediocre; on 22 January 1580 he took his BA, graduating 38th out of 41 students in his college, and 115th out of the total university graduating class that year of 205 students. He "apparently transferred to Clare College for his 1583 MA", where he placed 5th out of 12 students in his college, and 29th of the 129 students at the university. It was "rare for a student to migrate to another college (as Greene did) after he had received the baccalaureate", and no record of Greene's transfer to Clare College has been discovered, nor does his name appear in the Clare Hall Buttery Book for 1580–84. Greene's claim to association with Clare College is found in the second part of "Mamillia", which was not published until 1593, after Greene's death, in which the dedicatory epistle to Robert Lee and Roger Portington is signed "Robert Greene. From my Studie in Clarehall the vii. Of Julie".

paragraph: According to Newcomb, "Other events of [Greene's] youth must be derived from autobiographical remarks that may not be reliable". In "The Repentance of Robert Greene", written in the first person, Greene claimed to have travelled to Italy and Spain; however, no evidence of Greene's continental trip has been found, "or—unless we take merely his word for it—that he ever made the trip at all". Further doubt is cast on Greene's continental journey by Norbert Bolz, who after undertaking a computer analysis of the vocabulary of "The Repentance", concluded that ""The Repentance of Robert Greene" was in fact not written by Robert Greene".

paragraph: In "The Repentance", Greene claimed to have married a gentleman's daughter, whom he abandoned after having had a child by her and spent her dowry, after which she went to Lincolnshire, and he to London. In "Four Letters" (1592), Gabriel Harvey prints a letter allegedly written by Greene to his wife in which he addresses her as "Doll". However, "[E]xtensive searches of London and Norwich records by successive biographers have failed finally to locate the record of Greene's marriage".

paragraph: After his move to London Greene published over twenty-five works in prose in a variety of genres, becoming "England's first celebrity author".

paragraph: In 1588, he was granted an MA from Oxford University, "almost certainly a courtesy degree". Thereafter the title pages of some of his published works bore the phrase "Utruisq. Academiae in Artibus Magister"', "Master of Arts in both Universities".

paragraph: Greene died 3 September 1592, (aged 34 if he was the Robert Greene baptised in 1558). His death and burial were announced by Gabriel Harvey in a letter to Christopher Bird of Saffron Walden dated 5 September, first published as a "butterfly pamphlet" about 8 September, and later expanded as "Four Letters and Certain Sonnets", entered in the Stationers' Register on 4 December 1592. Harvey attributed Greene's demise to "a surfeit of pickle herring and Rhenish wine", and claimed he had been buried in "the new churchyard near Bedlam" on 4 September. No record of Greene's burial has been found.

paragraph: According to "The Repentance of Robert Greene", Greene is alleged to have written "Groatsworth" during the month prior to his death, including in it a letter to his wife asking her to forgive him and stating that he was sending their son to her. No record of Greene's son by his wife has been found; however, in "Four Letters", Gabriel Harvey claimed that Greene kept a mistress, Em, the sister of a criminal known as "Cutting Ball" hanged at Tyburn. Harvey described her as "a sorry ragged quean of whom [Greene] had his base son Infortunatus Greene". According to Newcomb, a Fortunatus Greene was buried at Shoreditch on 12 August 1593, "whose folk-tale name might lie behind Harvey's jest".

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: According to Newcomb, '[Greene's] works evince an inexhaustible linguistic facility, grounded in wide (if not painstaking) reading in the classics, and extra-curricular reading in the modern continental languages'. He wrote prolifically: From 1583 to 1592, he published more than twenty-five works in prose, becoming one of the first authors in England to support himself with his pen in an age when professional authorship was virtually unknown.

paragraph: Greene's literary career began with the publication of a long romance, "Mamillia", entered in the Stationers' Register on 3 October 1580. Greene's romances were written in a highly wrought style which reached its highest level in "Pandosto" (1588) and "Menaphon" (1589). Short poems and songs incorporated in some of the romances attest to his ability as a lyric poet. One song from "Menaphon", "Weep not my wanton, smile upon my knee", (a mother's lullaby to her baby son), enjoyed immense success, and is now probably his best-known work.

paragraph: In his later "coney-catching" pamphlets, Greene fashioned himself into a well-known public figure, telling colourful inside stories of rakes and rascals duping young gentlemen and solid citizens out of their hard-earned money. These stories, told from the perspective of a repentant former rascal, have been considered autobiographical, and have been thought to incorporate many facts of Greene's own life thinly veiled as fiction: his early riotous living, his marriage and desertion of his wife and child for the sister of a notorious character of the London underworld, his dealings with players, and his success in the production of plays for them. However, according to Newcomb, in his later prose works "Greene himself built his persona around a myth of prodigal decline that cannot be taken at face value". His plays earned himself the title as one of the "University Wits", including George Peele, Thomas Nashe, and Christopher Marlowe.

paragraph: Richardson makes a similar argument, concluding that Greene's later works 'prejudice the examination of all the work before them', and that the prose works prior to the cony-catching and repentance pamphlets establish that 'initially at least Greene was respectable'. Richardson considers that Greene:

paragraph: claimed from the outset a moral or civilizing purpose in his writing. His tales repeatedly illustrate the disastrous disruptions caused in life by passion and laud the life of restraint. His views are basically conservative ... He equivocates and hesitates over the defence of the values of a conservative culture, virginity, true devotion, strict moral probity.

paragraph: In addition to his prose works, Greene also wrote several plays, none of them published in his lifetime, including "The Scottish History of James IV", "Alphonsus", and his greatest popular success, "Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay", as well as "Orlando Furioso", based on Ludovico Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso".

paragraph: In addition to the plays published under his name after his death, Greene has been proposed as the author of several other dramas, including a second part to "Friar Bacon" which may survive as "John of Bordeaux", "The Troublesome Reign of King John", "George a Greene", "Fair Em", "A Knack to Know a Knave", "Locrine", "Selimus", and "Edward III", and even Shakespeare's "Titus Andronicus" and Henry VI plays.

paragraph: Section::::Greene and Shakespeare.

paragraph: Greene is most familiar to Shakespeare scholars for his pamphlet "Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit", which alludes to a line, "O tiger's heart wrapped in a woman's hide", found in Shakespeare's "Henry VI, Part 3" ( 1591–92):

paragraph: Greene evidently complains of an actor who believes he can write as well as university-educated playwrights, alludes to the actor with a quotation that appears in both the "True Tragedy" quarto and Shakespeare's Folio version of "Henry VI, Part 3", and uses the term "Shake-scene", a unique term never used before or after Greene's screed, to refer to the actor. The "Oxford English Dictionary" notes that it is "Of uncertain or vague meaning: used by Greene in his attack on Shakespeare."

paragraph: Some scholars have hypothesized that all or part of "Groatsworth" was written shortly after Greene's death by Henry Chettle or another one of his fellow writers, hoping to capitalise on a lurid tale of death-bed repentance. Hanspeter Born argues that Greene wrote the whole of "Groatsworth", and that his deathbed attack on the "upstart Crow" was provoked by Shakespeare's interference with a play attributed to Greene, "A Knack to Know a Knave".

paragraph: Greene's colourful and irresponsible character has led some, including Stephen Greenblatt, to speculate that Greene may have served as the model for Shakespeare's Falstaff. His quotation has also been used as the title for the 2016 sitcom "Upstart Crow" on Shakespeare's life, written by Ben Elton, its story commencing in 1592 (the year the quotation was written) and featuring Greene as a character (played by Mark Heap).

paragraph: Section::::Some Prose works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mamillia: A Mirror or Looking-glass for the Ladies of England" (1583), dedicated to Lord Darcy of the North

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mamillia: The Second Part of the Triumph of Pallas" (1593), dedicated to Robert Lee and Roger Portington

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Anatomy of Lovers' Flatteries" (1584), dedicated to Mary Rogers, wife to Master Hugh Rogers of Everton

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Myrrour of Modestie" (1584), dedicated to Margaret, Countess of Derby

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arbasto; The Anatomy of Fortune" (1584), dedicated to Lady Mary Talbot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gwydonius; The Card of Fancy" (1584), dedicated to Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Debate Between Folly and Love" (1584), no dedicatee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Second Part of the Tritameron of Love" (1587), no dedicatee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Planetomachia" (1585), dedicated to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester

paragraph: BULLET::::- "An Oration or Funeral Sermon" (1585), no dedicatee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Morando; The Tritameron of Love" (1587), dedicated to Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Morando; The Second Part of the Tritameron of Love" (1587), no dedicatee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Euphues: His Censure to Philautus" (1587), dedicated to Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Greene's Farewell to Folly" (1591), dedicated to Robert Carey, esquire

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Penelope's Web" (1587?), dedicated to Margaret, Countess of Cumberland, and Anne, Countess of Warwick

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alcida; Greene's Metamorphosis" (1617), dedicated to Sir Charles Blount

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Greenes Orpharion" (1599), dedicated to Robert Carey, esquire

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pandosto" (1588), dedicated to George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Perimedes" (1588), dedicated to Gervase Clifton, esquire

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ciceronis Amor" (1589), dedicated to Ferdinando Stanley, Lord Strange

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Menaphon" (1589), dedicated to Lady Hales, wife to the late deceased Sir James Hales

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Spanish Masquerado" (1589), dedicated to Hugh Offley, Sheriff of the City of London

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Greene's Mourning Garment" (1590), dedicated to George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Greene's Never Too Late" (1590), dedicated to Thomas Burnaby, esquire

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Francesco's Fortunes, or The Second Part of Greene's Never Too Late" (1590), dedicated to Thomas Burnaby, esquire

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Greene's Vision, Written at the Instant of his Death" (1590?), dedicated to Nicholas Saunder of Ewell, esquire

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Royal Exchange"* (1590), dedicated to Sir John Hart, Lord Mayor of London

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Notable Discovery of Coosnage" (1591), no dedicatee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Second Part of Conycatching" (1591), no dedicatee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Black Books Messenger" (1592), no dedicatee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Disputation Between a Hee Conny-Catcher and a Shee Conny-Catcher" (1592), no dedicatee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Groatsworth of Wit Bought with a Million of Repentance" (1592), no dedicatee

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philomela" (1592), Bridget Radcliffe, Lady Fitzwalter (wife of Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Quip for an Upstart Courtier" (1592), Thomas Burnaby, esquire

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Third and Last Part of Conycatching" (1592), no dedicatee

paragraph: Section::::Verse.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Maiden's Dream" (1591), dedicated to Lady Elizabeth Hatton, wife to Sir William Hatton

paragraph: Section::::Plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay" (circa 1590)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The History of Orlando Furioso" (circa 1590)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Looking Glass for London and England" (with Thomas Lodge) (circa 1590)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Scottish History of James the Fourth" (circa 1590)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Comical History of Alphonsus, King of Aragon" (circa 1590)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selimus" (circa 1594)

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: In the Ben Elton-written sitcom, "Upstart Crow", he is portrayed by Mark Heap as being alive following the publication of "Groats-Worth" and a constant obstacle to Shakespeare's success.

paragraph: His most famous song "Weep not my wanton, smile upon my knee" is a recurring motif in the historical novel "The Grove of Eagles" by Winston Graham.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baskervill, Charles Read, ed. "Elizabethan and Stuart Plays." New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crupi, Charles. "Robert Greene" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dickenson, Thomas H. "Introduction" from "The Complete Plays of Robert Greene" (New Mermaid Edition, 1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greenblatt, Stephen. "Will in the World" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melnikoff, Kirk, ed.. "Robert Greene" (Ashgate, 2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Melnikoff, Kirk and Edward Gieskes, eds. "Writing Robert Greene: Essays on England's First Notorious Professional Writer" (Ashgate, 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Logan, Terence P., and Denzell S. Smith, eds. "The Predecessors of Shakespeare: A Survey and Bibliography of Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama." Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press, 1973.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dramatic Works of Robert Greene" (1831), vol. 1 Dyce, ed., at Internet Archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dramatic Works of Robert Greene" (1831), vol. 2 Dyce, ed., at Google Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Plays and Poems of Robert Greene" (1905) vol. 1 Churton Collins ed., at the Internet Archives.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Plays and Poems of Robert Greene" (1905) vol. 2 Churton Collins ed., at the Internet Archives.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Honorable History of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay" 1594 text facsimile at the Internet Archives.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The History of Orlando Furioso" Malone Society Reprint, 1907, at Internet Archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Comical History of Alphonsus, King of Aragon" at Elizabethan Drama.

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit" e-text at Ex-Classics (modern spelling).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pandosto" online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hayashi, Tetsumaro, "A Textual Study of Robert Greene's" Orlando Furioso "with an Elizabethan Text", 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pamphleteers" by James A. Oliver (PBK) & (HBK)

description: English author

enwikiquote_title: Robert Greene (dramatist)

wikidata_label: Robert Greene

wikipedia_title: Robert Greene (dramatist)


text:
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Colonel Collins's
Port Phillip
Hobart
Mitchell Library
wheat
oat
Lachlan Macquarie
Thomas Brisbane
Derwent
Chris Haywood
The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce
The Outlaw Michael Howe
Matt Day
"Ocean"

categories: 1763 births,18th-century Anglican priests,19th-century Anglican priests,Australian Anglican priests,Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge,People from Hobart,Australian memoirists,Australian diarists,1838 deaths

paragraph: Robert Knopwood

paragraph: Robert Knopwood (2 June 1763 – 18 September 1838) was an early clergyman and diarist in Australia.

paragraph: Knopwood was the third child and only surviving son of Robert Knopwood (from a wealthy Norfolk family) and his wife Elizabeth, "née" Barton of Threxton, Norfolk, England. Knopwood was educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. in 1786, M.A. in 1790. Knopwood was ordained deacon in December 1788 and priest a year later. Having inherited a fortune as a young man, he became a member of the gambling set associated with the Prince Regent and quickly lost his money. He obtained a position as chaplain in the navy, and was appointed to Colonel Collins's expedition which, after the failure of the Port Phillip settlement, landed on the site of Hobart on 19 February 1804. Knopwood's salary as chaplain to the settlement was £182 10s. per annum. He was appointed a magistrate on the following 17 March.

paragraph: Knopwood kept a diary for more than 30 years.

paragraph: It is now in the Mitchell Library at Sydney, an interesting first-hand record of early Tasmania. From it we learn of the want of food and other hardships of the pioneers, the troubles with indigenous people band bushrangers, and the slowly improving conditions. It was a brutal, hard-drinking, hard-swearing age, and Knopwood does not appear to have been in advance of his time. He records dreadful floggings of convicts for comparatively trifling offences without indignation, and probably as a magistrate ordered them himself. On the other hand, he interested himself in two boys both under 18 years of age, who had been condemned to death and succeeded in getting them reprieved at the foot of the gallows. He tells us that he took them to a room and prayed with them, and that everyone thanked him for what he had done.

paragraph: Knopwood obtained seeds from England and was an early cultivator of wheat, oats, vegetables and fruit. As the population grew Knopwood's work increased, his salary was raised to £260 per annum in April 1817; but his health was not good and about this time Governor Lachlan Macquarie was complaining of his dissipation and inability to carry out his duties. In 1821 Knopwood wrote to Macquarie asking that he might retire on full pay on account of his failing eyesight. His resignation was accepted on 7 September 1822, a pension of £100 per annum was granted, and Sir Thomas Brisbane, who had succeeded Macquarie, was authorised to make Knopwood "such a grant of land as may be considered fair and reasonable". Knopwood moved to the east side of the Derwent and died on 18 September 1838.

paragraph: Many years before Knopwood had adopted a little orphan girl about a year old of whom he became very fond. Her daughter erected a tombstone in Rokeby churchyard to the memory of Knopwood which describes him as ""a steady and affectionate friend, a man of strict integrity and active benevolence, ever ready to relieve the distress and ameliorate the conditions of the afflicted"".

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chris Haywood portrayed Robert Knopwood in the film "The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce" (2008).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Outlaw Michael Howe" aired in Australia on the ABC television network on 1 December 2013. Australian actor Matt Day portrayed Knopwood. He is only shown as a settler and magistrate - not a clergyman.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ocean", the ship that brought Knopwood from Port Phillip to Hobart

description: Australian settler

wikidata_label: Robert Knopwood

wikipedia_title: Robert Knopwood


text:
monk
Saint-Omer
France
Bertin
Columban
Luxeuil
bishop of Thérouanne
abbot
Order of Saint Benedict
Carolingian
Benedict of Aniane
French Flanders
Morini
Julius Caesar
Gallic Wars
Saint-Omer Cathedral
vita
Acta Sanctorum

categories: Irish expatriates in France,734 deaths,8th-century Irish people,Year of birth unknown,Bishops of Thérouanne,8th-century Frankish saints,Medieval Irish saints on the Continent

paragraph: Erkembode

paragraph: Of the early life of Erkembode, who lived in the late 7th and first half of the 8th centuries, nothing is known. It has been surmised that he was an Irish monk who travelled with several companions to Sithiu, now Saint-Omer in northern France where he lived in the monastery. He was a disciple of the abbot at Sithiu, saint Bertin († c.709), himself a disciple of saint Columbanus of Luxeuil, the Celtic abbey in the French Vosges mountains. Later Erkembode was elected by the clergy and people as bishop of Thérouanne, while remaining abbot of his abbey. In later times that abbey of Sithiu became part of the Order of Saint Benedict after the Carolingian reforms of Benedict of Aniane.

paragraph: "Erkembode", means "recognised envoy" The region is now called French Flanders. The name of the see of Erkembode, Thérouanne, was already quoted as the capital of the Morini by Julius Caesar in his "Gallic Wars".

paragraph: After 26 years of episcopacy, in a diocese that extended far into the mainland, Erkembode died on 12 April, though the exact year is unknown. and was buried in Saint-Omer Cathedral, where his tomb remains.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: The diocese of Therouanne was immense: it went from the current Belgium (Ypres) to the Valley of the Somme. Consequently, Erkembode traveled widely. Initially, pilgrims to his tomb left their shoes as "ex votos" in testament to their own travels. In modern times visitors to his shrine include the parents of crippled children, who leave pairs of children's shoes on the saint's tomb, invoking Erkembode's intercessions for the healing of their children. The older shoes are periodically cleared away by the cathedral authorities.

paragraph: Erkembode's liturgical feast day is 12 April.

paragraph: An early "vita" by Jean Lelong, called Joannes Iperius, a 14th-century Abbot of St-Bertin, is published in "Acta Sanctorum".

description: Irish priest

wikidata_label: Erkembode

wikipedia_title: Erkembode


text: King of the Belgians

text: Albert II of Belgium

text: Baudouin I of Belgium

text: Jan Willems

text: King Baudouin Foundation

text: Christian Democrat

text: Baron Empain

text: Royale Belge

text: Axa

text: Jesuit

text: Brussels

text: Namur

text: Catholic University of Louvain

text: Olivaint Conference of Belgium

text: Lovanium University

text: Léopoldville

text: Congo

text: Yale University

text: NATO

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Robert Triffin

text: International Monetary Fund

text: Jakarta

text: Indonesia

text: Wim Duisenberg

text: European Central Bank

text: German

text: Helmut Schmidt

text: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing

text: André Vlerick

text: Willy De Clercq

text: Gaston Geens

text: Robert Vandeputte

text: treasury

text: Leo Tindemans

text: Paul Vanden Boeynants

text: Wilfried Martens

text: Université Catholique de Louvain

text: European Monetary System

text: Alfons Verplaetse

text: devaluation

text: Jean-Marie Piret

text: Baudouin I of Belgium

text: Albert II of Belgium

text: Minister of State

text: European Union

text: Worldbank

text: Order of the Crown

text: Minister of State

text: Order of Merit

text: Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

text: Order of Adolphe of Nassau

text: Order of merit

text: Order of Orange-Nassau

text: Order of the Aztec Eagle

text: Order of Merit

text: Order of the Polar Star

text: Michel Didisheim

text: André Molitor

text: King Baudouin Foundation

categories: Grand Crosses of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic,Belgian nobility,Catholic University of Leuven alumni (pre-1968),Université de Namur alumni,Belgian politicians,Dignitaries of the Belgian court,1936 births,Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium),Living people,Grand Crosses of the Order of the Aztec Eagle,Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 2nd Class

paragraph: Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou

paragraph: Jacques Marie Joseph Hubert Ghislain van Ypersele de Strihou (born 5 December 1936), was the "Principal Private Secretary" to the King of the Belgians (1983–2013). When Albert II of Belgium succeeded his brother Baudouin I of Belgium, he kept his private secretary, so Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou has served two kings. Together with Jan Willems, Marshal of the Royal Household, he represents the King at the board of the King Baudouin Foundation.

paragraph: Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou is a French-speaking Christian Democrat (CDH, previously known as PSC). He is a son of Henry van Ypersele, an engineer who worked for the business group of the late Baron Empain and Martha Bansa de Kinder. Henry van Ypersele was the brother of Baron Adelin van Ypersele de Strihou and himself administrator of Royale Belge, the predecessor of Axa. Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou is married to Brigitte de Bus de Warnaffe and together they have four daughters: Marie-Noëlle, Vinciane, Christina and Nathalie. His daughter, Nathalie van Ypersele de Strihou, is a partner of the Belgian PR consultancy agency akkanto.

paragraph: Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou is nicknamed "Van Yp" in Belgium's political and media circles.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Jacques van Ypersele went to school at the Jesuit college Saint-Michel of Brussels. He studied literature at the Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix (FUNDP) in Namur and in addition he studied law and economy at the Catholic University of Louvain. During his studies, he was a member of the Olivaint Conference of Belgium. He was an assistant at Lovanium University of Léopoldville in Congo for some months, after which he went to Yale University, on a NATO-scholarship, where he obtained a PhD in economics under Richard Cooper.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In Washington, D.C., he met professor Robert Triffin, of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Robert Triffin, his mentor, provided him with a job at the IMF in Washington, D.C., and later in 1969 at Jakarta (Indonesia). In Washington, D.C., at the IMF, he shared a room, as a junior economist, with Wim Duisenberg, the later President of the European Central Bank. Due to his talent, he acquired international fame in a short time. State leaders, such as the German chancellor Helmut Schmidt and the French president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing praized his expertise on economics and finance. In the early 1970s he returned to Belgium, where he joined the Empain-Group, and became Vice-President of Electrorail. In 1972 he became an advisor at the cabinet of André Vlerick. He became consultant of three successive Belgian Ministers for Finance: Willy De Clercq, Gaston Geens and in 1981 of Robert Vandeputte. In 1976, he was appointed by Willy De Clercq as inspector-general of the Belgian treasury. In 1978 he became (vice-) Chief of Cabinet of Leo Tindemans, and later also of Paul Vanden Boeynants, and Wilfried Martens.

paragraph: Between 1972 and 1983, he taught at the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) and the Institut Catholique des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (ICHEC) in Brussels. At the end of the 1970s, he was President of the Monetary Committee of the European Union, and played a particularly important role in the design and establishment of the European Monetary System (EMS). In 1981, together with Alfons Verplaetse, he was one of the architects of the devaluation of the Belgian Franc, in order to stimulate the Belgian economy. In 1983, he succeeded Jean-Marie Piret and became principal private secretary of Baudouin I of Belgium, and later also of his brother Albert II of Belgium, until the latter's abdication on 21 July 2013. As one of his final acts of his reign, Albert II appointed van Ypersele de Strihou as a Minister of State.

paragraph: Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou is a member of the monetary committee of the European Union, and also works for the IMF and the Worldbank as a financial expert.

paragraph: Section::::Private.

paragraph: Van Ypersele is married to Brigitte du Bus de Warnaffe and have 4 daughters.

paragraph: Section::::Private.:Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Private.:Honours.:National Honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Crown.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: Minister of State

paragraph: Section::::Private.:Honours.:Foreign honours.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Grand Cross in the Order of Merit, Austria

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Grand Cross in the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (20/02/1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Grand Cross in the Order of Adolphe of Nassau

paragraph: BULLET::::- :Grand Cross in the Order of merit, Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::- :Grand Cross in the Order of Orange-Nassau

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Grand Cross in the Order of the Aztec Eagle

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Commander in the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Grand Cross in the Order of Merit, Spain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- : Grand Cross in the Order of the Polar Star

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michel Didisheim

paragraph: BULLET::::- André Molitor

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- King Baudouin Foundation (press release)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gui Polspoel, Pol Van den Driessche, "Koning en onderkoning. Over de invloed van het Hof en de macht van Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou", Leuven, Van Halewyck, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Van Den Berghe, "Noblesse Oblige, Kroniek van de Belgische adel", Globe, Roularta books, Groot-Bijgaarden, 1997, pp. 171 – 178

paragraph: BULLET::::- Willem F Duisenberg: Congratulatory speech at the National Bank of Belgium’s 150th anniversary

description: Belgian politician

wikidata_label: Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou

wikipedia_title: Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou


text:
Australia
architect
University of Sydney
Anthropology
Archaeology
Windsor
Newington College
architecture
Sydney Technical College
Sydney
University of Sydney
University of Pennsylvania
Kent & Budden
Kent Budden & Greenwell
Strathfield, New South Wales
Killara, New South Wales
William Hardy Wilson
Federation Arts and Crafts
Federation Bungalow
Harry Kent
Budden & Greenwell
Inter-War Gothic
Congregational Church
Uniting Church
Woolloomooloo
Toowoomba
Vaucluse
Sibyl Enid Vera Munro Morrison
barrister
World War I
World War II
Collaroy, New South Wales
Art Gallery of NSW
George Lambert
Sydney Long
John Passmore
Australian Museum

categories: Australian Congregationalists,People educated at Newington College,1884 births,Federation architects,New South Wales architects,Australian philanthropists,1961 deaths

paragraph: Carlyle Greenwell

paragraph: Carlyle Greenwell (16 March 1884 – 7 February 1961) was an Australian architect whose houses, designed in the first half of the 20th century, are often heritage-listed. He was also a philanthropist who made bequests to the University of Sydney funding research in Anthropology and Archaeology.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Greenwell was born in Windsor and was educated at Newington College (1897–1901).

paragraph: Section::::Architectural career.

paragraph: Greenwell studied architecture at Sydney Technical College because there was no university architecture course available in Sydney, but also attended architecture lectures in the Engineering Faculty at University of Sydney. He later studied at the University of Pennsylvania and was awarded a B.Sc.(Arch) in 1911.

paragraph: Before studying abroad, Greenwell had been articled to the firm of Kent & Budden, and in 1912 he joined them in partnership as Kent Budden & Greenwell. During this time, Greenwell designed a number of now heritage-listed houses for family and friends in Strathfield, New South Wales and Killara, New South Wales. His design for a substantial domestic dwelling in Woodside Avenue, Strathfield, is characteristic of his houses of this period. Another notable design showing his distinctive rough-cast stucco columns is 'Terhyn Worthle' which was featured in "Domestic architecture in Australia" edited by William Hardy Wilson (Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1919). These homes had elements of the Federation Arts and Crafts and Federation Bungalow styles.

paragraph: After the departure of Harry Kent, the firm became known as Budden & Greenwell. In this period, Greenwell designed the Inter-War Gothic-styled Killara Congregational Church, which later became the Killara Uniting Church; the Woolloomooloo 'Bay Mothers and Wives Memorial to Soldiers'  and the 'Harrison House' (now Weis Restaurant) in Toowoomba.

paragraph: In 1931, while in partnership as 'Greenwell & Shirley', Greenwell designed the 'Norman House' in Vaucluse.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: At the age of 53, Greenwell married Sibyl Enid Vera Munro Morrison, a divorcee who was the first female practising barrister in New South Wales, at St Stephen's Presbyterian Church on 16 March 1937.

paragraph: Section::::War service.

paragraph: Greenwell served as an Army Officer in both World War I and World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Greenwell died at Collaroy, New South Wales, on 7 February 1961. His estate funded the 'Carlyle Greenwell Research Fund' at Sydney University for student research, field work and original literary work in Anthropology.

paragraph: A substantial bequest to the Art Gallery of NSW included works by George Lambert, Sydney Long, Kenneth McQueen and John Passmore.

paragraph: Over many years he was also a major donor to the Australian Museum.

description: Australian architect

wikidata_label: Carlyle Greenwell

wikipedia_title: Carlyle Greenwell


text:
Benedictine
abbess
monastery
Bohemia
Rome
Diocese of Prague
Bohemia
Boleslav I
Cosmas of Prague
Pope John XIII
diocese
Moravia
Diocese of Regensburg
Wolfgang of Regensburg
Prague
Reichstag
Quedlinburg
Dětmar
Order of Saint Benedict
religious name
Abbey at St. George's Church
Prague Castle
congregation
Jesuit
Saint
Blessed
Cosmas of Prague
MGH SS Rer. Germ. N. S

categories: Benedictine abbesses,Year of death uncertain,10th-century births,10th-century Bohemian people,Benedictine nuns,Pages translated from German Wikipedia,Přemyslid dynasty

paragraph: Mlada (abbess)

paragraph: Mlada was a Benedictine abbess and founder of the first monastery in Bohemia. In 965, she undertook a diplomatic trip to Rome to advocate the formation of the Diocese of Prague.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Mlada was the youngest daughter of the Bohemian prince Boleslav I. The 12th-century "Chronica Boemorum" by Cosmas of Prague describes her as an educated woman; she studied Latin and was destined for a clerical career. In the years 965 to 969, she was sent by her father to Rome to meet with Pope John XIII and request permission for the establishment of a separate diocese for Bohemia and Moravia. The negotiations were difficult. Bohemia was part of the Diocese of Regensburg and Bishop Michael refused to forego the revenue from Czech churches during his lifetime (he died on 23 September 972). The approval for the breakup of the diocese was only granted by his successor, Wolfgang of Regensburg. Mlada left Rome in the winter of 972 and returned to Prague. The ecclesiastical permission was followed by secular negotiations. After the meeting of the "Reichstag" in Quedlinburg in March 973, approval for the foundation of the diocese was secured, but it took until 976 for Dětmar to be ordained as the first Bishop of Prague.

paragraph: Another result of Mlada's diplomatic mission was permission to found a monastery in Prague. During her stay in Rome, she entered the Order of Saint Benedict, adopted the religious name Maria, and was ordained as abbess. Thus she was able to lead the newly formed Abbey at St. George's Church in Prague Castle, the very first congregation in Bohemia. She held this office until her death.

paragraph: Contemporary sources report neither the birth date nor the death date of Mlada. The oft-cited claim that she died on 9 February 994 can be traced to the Jesuit Georgio Crugerio and dates from 1669, based on the oral tradition of the monastery. The Benedictines of the Monastery of St. George have not been able to secure an official status as "Saint" or "Blessed" for their founder, who is therefore referred to as "Venerable". Her grave is reportedly located in the Mary Chapel of the former Monastery of Saint George, but archaeological investigations have been unable to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the person buried there is indeed Abbess Mlada.

paragraph: Section::::Literature and sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cosmas of Prague, "Chronica Boemorum". Edition by Berthold Bretholz, Berlin 1923, MGH SS Rer. Germ. N. S.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jiří Sláma. "Výkladový heslář vybraných historických osob, míst a reálií". In: Rostislav Nový, Jiří Sláma, Jana Zachová: "Slavníkovci ve středověkém písemnictví". Prague, Vyšehrad 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petr Sommer. "Kaple Panny Marie v klášteře sv. Jiří na Pražském hradě a začátky české sakrální architektury". In: "Přemyslovský stát kolem roku 1000: na pamět knížete Boleslava II (7. února 999)". Prague, Nakl. Lidové Noviny, 2000. .

description: Czech princess

wikidata_label: Mlada

wikipedia_title: Mlada (abbess)


text:
Qing Dynasty
Revolt of the Three Feudatories
Ming Dynasty
Shang Kexi
Kangxi Emperor
Liaodong
Guangdong
Haicheng
Wu Sangui
Geng Jingzhong
Wang Fuchen
Beijing

categories: People executed by the Qing dynasty,Forced suicides of Chinese people,Qing dynasty generals,Executed Qing dynasty people,1680 deaths

paragraph: Shang Zhixin

paragraph: Shang Zhixin (; 1636 – 1680) was a major figure in the early Qing Dynasty, known for his role in the Revolt of the Three Feudatories. He was Prince of Pingnan (平南王, "Prince who Pacifies the South"), inheriting his position from his father, the surrendered Ming Dynasty general Shang Kexi.

paragraph: In 1673, Shang Kexi, on account of old age, requested the Kangxi Emperor to allow him to retire back in his adopted homeland Liaodong. He thus passed on his position to Shang Zhixin, who was his eldest son. As Prince of Pingnan, his duties were primarily concerned with the defence of Guangdong province.

paragraph: Not long afterwards, the Qing court, as part of its policy of centralization, decided to abolish Pingnan Feudatory under the pretext that Shang Zhixin was "difficult to control". Shang Kexi, who was then still in Guangdong, was willing to accept this and made preparations to move his entire family back to Haicheng.

paragraph: However, the rebellion of the Pingxi and Jingnan feudatories, under Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong respectively, put an end to these plans. Shang Zhixin was ordered to give military command back to his father, who was still loyal to the Qing; however, many of his men deserted to the rebel camp. From 1673 to 1676, Guangzhou held out as a Qing fortress in the midst of rebel-held territory.

paragraph: In early 1676, forces loyal to Shang Zhixin placed Shang Kexi under house arrest. Having gained the military command of Pingnan Feudatory, Shang Zhixin promptly joined Wu Sangui's forces. However, after Shang Kexi's death in late 1676 (and also following the surrender of rebel generals such as Wang Fuchen), Shang Zhixin changed his mind and defected back to the Qing. The Qing court ordered him to lead troops against Wu Sangui; but Shang Zhixin only made token efforts to that end, hoping to preserve his own forces.

paragraph: In 1679, Kangxi stripped Shang Zhixin of much of his military powers. In 1680, with a Qing victory imminent, Shang Zhixin was arrested, brought to Beijing and ordered to commit suicide. In return for killing himself, Shang Zhixin's family was spared from punishment. There were thirty six brothers of Shang Zhixin, four of them were executed during Shang Zhixin's suicide while the rest of them were allowed to live.

paragraph: Shang was known for his famously cruel reign. Some of his personal enemies were ripped apart by hunting dogs for opposing him.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shangshi Jiapu (The Family History of the Shang family)

alias: Defu Baiyan

description: Qing dynasty person CBDB = 59134

wikidata_label: Shang Zhixin

wikipedia_title: Shang Zhixin


text:
Venatu
Kolambam (Quilon)
India
Cheras
Pandya
Maravarman Kulasekhara
Khalji raids
Kakatiya
Patmanabha (Vishnu)
Trivandrum
Venatu
Cape Comorin
Trivandrum
Quilon
Kerala
Pandyas of Madurai
Maravarman Kulasekhara
Cuddalore district
Ranganathasvamy Temple
Srirangam
Āttingal
Lilatilakam
Kannur
Krishna
Khaljī
Malik Kāfūr
Western Ghat
Madurai
Kanchi
Chera
Chola
Pandya kingdom
Madras
Nellore
Kanchi
Kollam
Warangal
Tanjore
Trichy
Kakatiya
Warangal
Nellore
Travancore
Kanchipuram
Srirangam
Poonamallee
Chennai
Trivandrum
Krishna
Sanskrit
Sri Padmanābha Swāmi temple

categories: 1314 deaths,1266 births,14th-century Indian monarchs,Tamil history,13th-century Indian monarchs,History of Tamil Nadu,History of Kerala,Malayali people

paragraph: Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara

paragraph: Ravivarman ("c." 1266/7 – 1316/7), styled Maharaja Ravivarman, Kulasekhara verma, was the ruler of Venatu, with capital at port Kolambam (Quilon), southern India between 1299 – 1316/7. He – in all likelihood – was a descendant of the ancient Cheras through his father Jayasimhadeva and was the son-in-law of the Pandya ruler of Maravarman Kulasekhara. Ravivarman raided large parts of southern India in a short period (1312 – 1316) by skilfully taking advantage of the weakening of the Pandya kingdom and the confusion prevailed after the Khalji raids (1311).

paragraph: Coins issued by Ravivarman with Tamil legend "Kulasekhara" were discovered by archaeologists. Probably to commemorate his conquest of the Pandya realm, he issued the coin with his crest elephant (the Chera symbol) on the obverse and the name Kulasekhara over the Pandya crest (the two fishes) on the reverse. In a Telugu record (1317 AD) of the Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra II, he is called "Malayala Tiruvadi Kulasekhara".

paragraph: Ravivarman was an ardent devotee of Patmanabha (Vishnu) at Trivandrum, Kerala. The term "Padmanabhapadadasa" was apparently first used by Ravivarman Kulasekhara.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Venatu is the region lying between Cape Comorin, Trivandrum and Quilon in present-day southern Kerala with its capital at latter place. The rulers of Venatu, the Kulasekhara/Venatu Chera dynasty, were intermittently independent vassals of the Pandyas of Madurai. They fought against the Pandyas for the supremacy over the fertile plains of Kottar and Nanjanatu. They entered into several matrimonial alliances with the Pandyas rulers, and maintained oscillating relations with them.

paragraph: In the 13th century, the Pandyas of Madurai established their "most recent" hegemony over Venatu Cheras. Pandya rulers such as Jatavarman Sundara Pandya (1251 – 1268) and Maravarman Kulasekhara (1268 – 1310) conducted military raids over Venatu. A Sanskrit inscription at Chidambaram Temple, Cuddalore district speaks of the murder of the "Kerala" king by Jatavarma Sundara Pandya. In keeping with K. A. N. Sastri, Jatavarman Sundara Pandya proceeded against the Chera (Kerala) king Viraravi Udaya Marttanda Varma with a very small force and destroyed him and his forces in a battle and ravaged Venatu (the Malaimandala). Maravarman is very likely have led a military expeditions against Venatu, perhaps suppressing a local rising, and captured the capital city Quilon. He took the titles "Cherane Venra" and "Kollam Konda" indicating his over-lordship of Venatu. A number of inscriptions of Vira Pandya, the co-regent of Sundara Pandya are visible in Nanjanatu. Some authors concludes that Nanjanatu was under the control of a Sundara Chola Pandyadeva until 1262 AD. The Pandya control over Venatu is shown by the Chalai Inscription mentioning the regnal year of Maravarman Kulasekhara, while referring to Ravivarman, the son of Jayasimha also.

paragraph: Following the Sanskrit inscriptions, in Grantha characters, at Ranganathasvamy Temple, Srirangam Ravivarman was born in the Saka year 1188 (as given in chronogram "dehavyapya") corresponding to 1266 – 67 AD. Like other princes in the royal family, he was educated privately. He was adopted by the childless queen Āvani Amma Tampuran of Āttingal.

paragraph: The ruler of Vēnāṭu throughout this period (1266 – 67 AD) was "Vira Kerala" Jayasimhadēva/Dēśinga Tēvar. According to Ravivarman's inscriptions, his father belonged to Yadu and Chandra Kula. Ravivarman's mother Umadevi, of the Kūpaka (modern day Attingal) family, was a joint ruler with Jayasimha. His death at Qulion signalled the outbreak of a long and disruptive succession struggle in Vēnāṭu between his sons and nephews. Ravivarman, the son of Umadevi, was a major contender to throne after the death of his father. He came out successful in the succession struggle and ascended the throne of Quilon in 1299-1300, at the age of 33 (Saka 1221). For more than a decade, he ruled as a vassal under the Pandya ruler Maravarman Kulasekhara, as is evidenced by the Trivandrum Chalai Inscription in which he uses the Pāndya title "Māravarman" along with his name. He probably adopted the imperial Pandya title "Kulasekhara" also [may be after the death of Maravarman Kulasekhara]. The Venatu succession given by Pillai and A. S. Menon – from Jayasimha to Ravivarman – is contested by some scholars. Conforming to Vielles's reading of the "Lilatilakam", certain Kota Marttanda Varman was ruler of Venatu in 1266 – 67 AD. Ravivarman seems to be his sister's son, the sister being Umadevi.

paragraph: There is a tradition that an adoption into the Venatu family of two princesses from Kolattunatu (Kannur) royal family took place around 1304 - 1305 AD. The adoption must have arranged because Ravivarman's sister had no daughter and consequently, there were no remaining princes in the female line after Ravivarman's two nephews Marttanda and Champaka Kerala.

paragraph: Ravivarman married a daughter of the Pandya ruler Maravarman Kulasekhara at the age of thirty-three (1299-1300). This marriage will form the core his legal argument of having been the heir to throne of Madurai. The famous 14th century AD Manipravala grammar "Lilatilakam" confirms this marriage alliance. It seems Ravivarmam defeated Vikrama Pandya, who perhaps attempted to extend his power over Venatu, and presumably handed him over to Maravarman Kulasekhara and the latter was so pleased with Ravivarman that he gave him his daughter in marriage. An inscription of Vikrama Pandya from Chidambaram refers to his exploits in Venatu. While comparing Ravivarman with Krishna, poet Bhusana writes that the king was attached to no other women than his own wife.

paragraph: Section::::Raids to Madurai and Kanchi.

paragraph: When the Pandya king Māravarman Kulaśēkhara was apparently killed some time before May, 1310, Ravivarman "declared" independence from the Pāndyas. It is assumed that he began to count his regnal years afresh from December 29; thus the Tiruvati Inscription of the Kali year 4414 (December 29, 1313) may be seen to coincide with the fourth regnal year of Ravivarman. The succession struggle between princes Sundara and Vira Pandya, sons of Maravarman Kulasekhara, and the confusion created by the Khaljī general Malik Kāfūr’s south Indian expedition (1311) helped Ravivarman in his ambitions. The distracted political conditions in Pāndya kingdom gave him an admirable opportunity to plan raids to territories east of the Western Ghats. Prior to his raids in 1312 AD, almost certainly, Ravivarman professed allegiance to Sundara Pandya. By November, 1310 Vira Pandya was in the ascendancy, after an overwhelming victory over his brother Sundara.

paragraph: Ravivarman started raiding the Pāndya kingdom in 1312 AD, deep in the Tamil homeland, and defeated the armies of prince Vira Pandya. His presence at Madurai prevented Vira Pandya's return thither. Soon the entire Pāndya regions, once ruled by Jatavarman Sundara Pandya, came under Ravivarman. He performed his coronation at the Pandya capital Madurai (1312) and then continued his march northwards. His presence at Virattaneswaram Temple, Tiruvati, South Arcot is attested by an inscription dated to December, 1313.

paragraph: He performed another coronation at the Telugu-Choda capital Kanchi, on the bank of River Vegavati, in 1312 - 13 after ejecting the weakened Chola monarch Manma Siddha III, Raya Gandagopala. At the time of the coronation at Kanchi, he was 46 years old, in accordance with inscription at Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi. He crowned himself as the Tribhuvana Chakravarti - the ruler of Chera, Chola and Pandya kingdoms - at Kanchi. A Kanchipuram Inscription - dated to 1315- 16 - says that Ravivarman again defeated Vira Pandya and drove him into "Konkana" and from there into the forests, and then [again] conquered the northern country. Ravivarman also defeated Sundara, as said in the Ponamallee Inscription, the brother of Vira Pandya. If we are to believe A. S. Menon, the military garrisons established in the region by Malik Kāfūr were expelled by him in the expedition. Vira Pandya may have joined hands with Ravivarman in the midst his effort. Ravivarman established supremacy over most of the region between Cape Comorin and Madras, and as far north as Nellore.

paragraph: The Narasimha shrine in the Varadarajaswami Temple accommodates four sub-shrines, one among them is dedicated to certain "Malayala Nachchiar". The devi is consecrated in a separate shrine. Some scholars assume that the devi was installed here as a gift of the Chera family, represented by Ravivarman, to the god Varadaraja. The reference to "Cherakulavalli Nachchiar" in an epigraph of this temple lends plausibility to this surmise. At Srirangam, king "Kulasekhara" is said to have given his daughter Cherakulavalli in marriage to god Ranganatha and done extensive constructional activities in the third "prakara". It is hence called as "Kulasekharan Tiruvidi".

paragraph: Ravivarman's position at Kanchi, around 1,000 miles away from his capital Kollam, was precarious and perilous. Yadava ruler of Devagiri Samkara was executed by Malik Kafur, the general of Delhi Sultan Alaud-din Khalji, in 1312 upon withholding the tribute promised. Kakatiya ruler of Warangal Pratapa Rudra II appears in several records from Kurnool, Nellore, Cuddapah and Guntur districts as a powerful monarch. Hoysala Ballala III is recognised as reigning in most of the Mysore state from Dorasamudra. The Hoysala prince Vira Ballala was earlier carried captive by Malik Kafur to Sultanate capital Delhi. Prince Jatavarman Sundara Pandya is recorded as ruling in South Arcot in January, 1314. Maravarman Kulasekhara Pandya II is known to have controlled Tanjore in December, 1315 and Trichy in January, 1316. Manma Siddha III, Ranganatha Rajagopala, appears in an inscription from Nellore from March, 1316.

paragraph: Ravivarman's hold over Kanchi was only short-lived and his aggressive activities were arrested by the Kakatiya ruler of Warangal, Prataparudra II (1295 - 1326). A southern Hoysala march is also attributed as a reason for Ravivarman's sudden retreat. Sundara Pandya had appealed to the Kakatiya ruler for military aid. The Kakatiya army under the command of Muppidi Nayaka (Devari Nāyaka, governor of Nellore) marched to Kanchi in early 1316, and captured the city in sometime between March and June, 1316. The army defeated Vira Pandya and Ravivarman Kulasekhara at Tiruvadikundram and established Sundara Pandya at Viradhavalam (Bir Dhul). The village Tiruvadikundram may be identified with Tiruvadikunram in the Ginjee taluk of the South Arcot district. Muppidi Nayaka's presence is also attested at Srirangam, further south in the Tamil land. Ravivarma ceded some of the conquered territory to the Warangal, and was compelled to withdraw to Venatu. Muppidi Nayaka installed as governor of Kanchi a certain "Mana Vira", whom Dr. Hultzsch believes to have been Manma Siddha Ganda Gopala of the Telugu Choda family. There is also assumption that Kanchi was captured from Ravivarman by the Pandyas themselves, before being defeated by the Kakatiyas. The mention in the Kakatiya inscription of defeating the "Five Pandyas" and the Venatu ruler Kulasekhara supports this argument.

paragraph: Following A. S. Menon, Ravivarman died at Quilon due to natural causes. He was followed by his nephew, Udaya Marttanda Varma (ruled 1312/13 – 1344), who ruled only in Travancore. He may have lost his life when defeated at Kanchi by Muppidi Nayaka, but there is no proof of this. An undated Srirangam Inscription, which names the father of Marttanda as Godesvara, confirms this "marumakkattaya" mode of succession. The inscription was commissioned by Marttanda's younger brother Champaka Kerala.

paragraph: The Pandya overlordship of over parts of Venatu continued even during early 14th century, as shown by the reference to a Vira Pandya in an epigraph by Vira Udaya Marttanda Varma. However, Marttanda Varma acted as an autonomous chief while making the grant. Hoysala Ballala continued rule from Dorasamudra, and Kakatiya Pratapa Rudra in southern Andhra. Sultan Alaud-din Khalji died in 1316, which was followed by the assassination of Malik Kafur. The Pandya king Maravarman Kulasekhara II ruled central Tamil Nadu, including Tanjore, and Jatavarman Vira Pandya in southern Tamil Nadu. His authority over Tinnevelly is attested in October, 1317.

paragraph: The legacy of Ravivarman's raids to Madurai and Kanchi was the emergence of a new branch of the Venatu ruling family called "Desinganatu". According to E. K. Pillai and A. S. Menon, Ravivarman is the last Venatu ruler came to the throne according to the patrilineal system of royal succession [from father to son] for from the accession of the next ruler till the time of the last ruler of Travancore the matrilineal law of inheritance decided royal succession. In this system of inheritance, the son of the late ruler's sisters would inherit the throne, in order of their age. This view of the sudden shift to the "marumakkattayam" in the royal family is contested in some recent studies, most notably that by Vielle (2011).

paragraph: Section::::Inscriptions.

paragraph: The Sanskrit – Tamil inscriptions of Ravivarman, and those assumed to be engraved by him, can be found at:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kanchipuram (Varadarajaswami Temple, on giving donations to Arulala Perumal Vishnu Temple) - dated to 4th regnal year (Sanskrit)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Srirangam (Ranganatha Temple) (Sanskrit) - dated to 4th regnal year

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tiruvati (Virattaneswaram Temple, Tiruvadigai, South Arcot) - dated to 4th regnal year - December 29, 1313 (Sanskrit)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Valavur Temple - dated to 5th regnal year

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poonamallee (Puvirundavalliperumal Temple, Puntamalli) near Chennai (Sanskrit). Ravivarman's insignia in the Poonamallee Inscription has the Chera Elephant Goad above the Pandya emblem Two Fishes and the Chola emblem Tiger.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chidambaram Inscription of Maravarma Tribhuvana Chaktravartin Vira Kerala "alias" Kulasekharadeva, "the Pandya king" - dated to 4th regnal year

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salaigramam (Siva Temple, Chalai Village) at Trivandrum (Sanskrit)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perunagar Inscription of Ravi Varma Vira Pandya

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thiruppankili (Tiruppangili in Trichinopoly district) (Sanskrit) - dated to 4th regnal year

paragraph: In the epigraphs, he describes himself as the Samgramadhira "i.e." the one firm in battle, the descendant from the Chandra Kula and the Yadava line, the overlord of Kerala, the Kupaka, the Lord of the Kolamba city, the Bhoja of the South, the Devotee of Sri Padmanabha, the son of Jayasimha and the Kulasekhara monarch. In some inscriptions, such as the one in Trivandrum, he describes himself as "Dharma Maharaja". The Pandya royal title "Maravarman" was also adopted by Ravivarman in some epigraphs.

paragraph: Historians are of the opinion that the last 18 verses of the Srirangam Inscription forms a separate poem composed by Kavi Bhushana as indicated at the end of the inscription. While comparing Ravivarman with Krishna, Kavibhusana writes that the king was attached to no other women than his own wife.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural contributions.

paragraph: Apart from his military brilliance, Ravivarman is also noted for his services in the field of [Hindu] religion, arts and trade. His court attracted scholars and authors such as Samudrabandha - the commentator of the works of Alankarasarvaswa - and Kavi Bushana. The king also claims to be a talented musician and author. He supposedly wrote the famous Sanskrit drama "Pradymnabhyudayam" specifically for the purpose of being staged in the Sri Padmanābha Swāmi temple in Travancore. The Sri Rangam Inscription calls him the Master as well as the Protector of the three Vedas. The Srirangam records emphasise the restoration of the Ranganatha temple at Srirangam after its destruction by the Muslims.

paragraph: As stated by Vielle, the "Jaiminiya Samhita" of the "Brahmanda Purana" was probably composed in Kerala under reign of Ravivarman Kulasekhara.

description: Ruler of the Vēnāṭu

wikidata_label: Ravi Varma Kulasekhara

wikipedia_title: Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara


text: American

text: turntablist

text: nu-jazz

text: acid jazz

text: jam band

text: The Bronx

text: hip hop

text: turntables

text: funk

text: jazz

text: soul jazz

text: hip hop

text: Vernon Reid

text: moe.

text: John Mayer

text: Medeski Martin & Wood

text: Bob Belden

text: Jack Johnson

text: Chris Whitley

text: Uri Caine

text: Christian McBride

text: Bob Weir

text: Ratdog

text: Grateful Dead

text: The John Popper Project

text: O.A.R.

text: Madison Square Garden

text: Vernon Reid

text: Eye and I

text: D.K. Dyson

text: Melvin Gibbs

text: Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars

text: Ropeadope Records

text: The John Popper Project

text: Relix

text: Thirsty Ear Recordings

text: Thirsty Ear Recordings

text: Ropeadope Records

text: Ropeadope Records

text: Ropeadope Records

text: Official site

text: An interview with DJ Logic

text: DJ Logic collection

text: Internet Archive

text: For No One In Particular on Amulet

categories: American hip hop DJs,East Coast hip hop musicians,1972 births,Ropeadope Records artists,Entertainers from the Bronx,Living people

paragraph: DJ Logic

paragraph: DJ Logic (born 1972 as Jason Kibler) is an American turntablist active primarily in nu-jazz/acid jazz and with jam bands.

paragraph: Kibler was born and raised in The Bronx. An early interest in hip hop led to his using the turntables, practicing often. Kibler was also interested in funk and jazz music, and began collaborating with various musicians. His own recordings are perhaps best described as contemporary soul jazz with a strong hip hop feel.

paragraph: Kibler tours often with his own group, Project Logic, and has recorded or performed with Vernon Reid, moe., John Mayer, Medeski Martin & Wood, Bob Belden, Jack Johnson, Chris Whitley, Uri Caine, Christian McBride and others. On April 6, 2006, Kibler sat in with Bob Weir's Ratdog, adding his style to the famous Grateful Dead song combo "China Cat Sunflower/I Know You Rider". He is a founding member of The John Popper Project. On August 15, 2009, Kibler sat in with O.A.R. at Madison Square Garden, adding his style to their latest single "This Town".

paragraph: His mentor was Vernon Reid, and the twosome recorded and toured occasionally as the Yohimbe Brothers with various guests. Kibler has appeared on studio and live performances with Reid's solo projects, and Reid also did a guest solo on one track from Kibler's original band, Eye and I, which also featured D.K. Dyson and Melvin Gibbs, the latter of which has played on all of the DJ Logic solo releases as well.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Rise and Shine Remixes (2011).

paragraph: Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars Meet DJ Logic

paragraph: Released by Combacha

paragraph: Track list

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Muloma Remix

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Jah Come Down Remix

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Jah Mercy Remix

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Global Threat Remix

paragraph: BULLET::::5. But Vange Remix

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Zen of Logic (2006).

paragraph: DJ Logic

paragraph: Released by Ropeadope Records

paragraph: Track list

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Peace Y'All (I am in the House)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. 9th Ward Blues

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Balifon Planet

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Hypnotic

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Interlude #1

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Simmer Slow

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Afro Beat

paragraph: BULLET::::8. One Time

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Something Distant

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Hope Road

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Smackness

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Interlude #2

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Rat Pack

paragraph: BULLET::::14. Holding Down

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:The John Popper Project (2004).

paragraph: The John Popper Project

paragraph: Released by Relix Records

paragraph: Track list

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Lapdance

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Everything

paragraph: BULLET::::3. All Good Children

paragraph: BULLET::::4. In The Midst

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Fire In Her Kiss

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Louisiana Sky

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Trigger

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Horses

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Took

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Morning Light

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Open Hand

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Show Me

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Pack Your Love

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Longitude (2004).

paragraph: Groundtruther

paragraph: Released by Thirsty Ear Recordings

paragraph: Track list

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Transit of Venus

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Tycho Brahe

paragraph: BULLET::::3. March 1741, Cape Horn

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Course Made Good

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Dead Reckoning

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Medicean Stars

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Jupiter Mask

paragraph: BULLET::::8. H-4

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Back Quadrant

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Epherimedes

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Prime Meridian

paragraph: BULLET::::12. South Heading

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:The Tao of Yo (2004).

paragraph: Yohimbe Brothers

paragraph: Released by Thirsty Ear Recordings

paragraph: Track list

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Shine For Me

paragraph: BULLET::::2. The Secret Frequency

paragraph: BULLET::::3. More From Life

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Shape 4

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Noh Rio

paragraph: BULLET::::6. TV

paragraph: BULLET::::7. 30 Spokes

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Unimportance

paragraph: BULLET::::9. No Pistolas

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Overcoming

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Words They Use

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Shape 1

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Perfect Traveller

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Front End Lifter (2002).

paragraph: Yohimbe Brothers

paragraph: Released by Ropeadope Records

paragraph: Track list

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Ponk

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Tenemental

paragraph: BULLET::::3. 6996-Club-Vohimbe

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Psychopathia Mojosexualis

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Welcome 2 The Freq Show

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Smoke and Dust Dub Version

paragraph: BULLET::::7. The Big Pill

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Bamalamb

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Transmission XXX

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Just A Little Screwy

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Invitation To A Situation

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Prelude To A Diss

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Innerspin (A Tone Hymn)

paragraph: BULLET::::14. The Callipygiac Caldonians

paragraph: BULLET::::15. That Obscure Object of Desire

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:The Anomaly (2001).

paragraph: DJ Logic

paragraph: Released by Ropeadope Records

paragraph: Track list

paragraph: BULLET::::1. French Quarter

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Black Buddah

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Ron’s House

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Michelle

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Frequency One

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Tih Gnob

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Bean-E-Man

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Who Am I?

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Soul-Kissing

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Afronautical

paragraph: BULLET::::11. The Project(s)

paragraph: BULLET::::12. Hip-Hopera

paragraph: BULLET::::13. An Interlude

paragraph: BULLET::::14. Miles Away

paragraph: BULLET::::15. Drone

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Project Logic (1999).

paragraph: DJ Logic

paragraph: Released by Ropeadope Records

paragraph: Track list

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Intro

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Shea’s Groove

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Abyss

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Eyes Open (But Dead)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Mnemonics

paragraph: BULLET::::6. Interlude 1

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Flat As Aboard

paragraph: BULLET::::8. Gig 1

paragraph: BULLET::::9. Interlude 2

paragraph: BULLET::::10. Una Cosa Buena

paragraph: BULLET::::11. Bag of Tricks

paragraph: BULLET::::12. J.J. Bailey

paragraph: BULLET::::13. Two Different Places

paragraph: BULLET::::14. Spider Dance

paragraph: BULLET::::15. Interlude 3

paragraph: BULLET::::16. Bruckner Boulevard

paragraph: BULLET::::17. Kinda Bleu

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- An interview with DJ Logic

paragraph: BULLET::::- DJ Logic collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- For No One In Particular on Amulet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video interview with DJ Logic at allaboutjazz.com

description: American turntablist

wikidata_label: DJ Logic

wikipedia_title: DJ Logic


text: Araki Murashige

text: daimyō

text: Sengoku period

text: ink-wash painting

text: Kanō Naizen

text: Kanō school

text: Tosa school

text: Thirty-six Poetry Immortals

text: shōgun

text: Tokugawa Iemitsu

text: Tosa Mitsunobu

text: ukiyo-e

text: Chikamatsu

text: Hikone screen

categories: 1578 births,1650 deaths,Ukiyo-e artists,17th-century Japanese artists,Japanese portrait painters,16th-century Japanese people

paragraph: Iwasa Matabei

paragraph: Iwasa Matabei (; original name Araki Katsumochi 1578 – July 20, 1650) was a Japanese artist of the early Tokugawa period (1603–1867), who specialized in genre scenes of historical events and illustrations of classical Chinese and Japanese literature, as well as portraits. He was the son of Araki Murashige, a prominent "daimyō" of the Sengoku period who had been made to commit suicide, leaving Matabei to be raised with his mother's family name, Iwasa. Matabei's work was noted for its distinctive figures, with large heads and delicately drawn features, and he was effective both in colour and monochrome ink-wash painting, using an individual brush technique combining Tosa and Kanō elements.

paragraph: Although trained by Kanō Naizen of the Kanō school, he was more influenced by the traditions of the Tosa school, and signed a late series of portraits of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals (1640) commissioned by the "shōgun" Tokugawa Iemitsu for a temple as "the artist Matabei of the later current from Tosa Mitsunobu". His work is often regarded as a major influence on the developing "ukiyo-e" school of painting, which is possibly because of confusion with an ukiyo-e artist character with the same name (Ōtsu no Matabei) in a play by Chikamatsu. Also, he used often to be attributed as the painter of a famous early ukiyo-e screen known as the Hikone screen, but this is now considered incorrect. In fact his "patrons ... were so high in the social hierarchy that it is hard to believe that Matabei could have created the Ukiyo-e tradition", and he is better regarded as a "great independent artist of the Tosa tradition".

paragraph: His son Katsushige (d. 1673) was also a painter, known for dancing figures in a style like that of his father.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopædia Britannica, "Iwasa Matabei"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paine, Robert Treat, in: Paine, R. T. & Soper A, "The Art and Architecture of Japan", Pelican History of Art, 3rd ed 1981, Penguin (now Yale History of Art),

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bridge of dreams: the Mary Griggs Burke collection of Japanese art, a catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Iwasa Matabei (see index)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal history of Iwasa Matabei - Jyuluck-Do Corporation

alias:
Katsumochi
Hekishōkyo
Katsumochi Iwasa
Dōun
岩佐又兵衞
Matabē Iwasa
岩佐又兵衛
Matabei Iwasa
Shōi

description: Japanese artist

wikidata_label: Iwasa Matabei

wikipedia_title: Iwasa Matabei


text: PC

text: Peer of England

text: Lords Arundell of Wardour

text: Lord Privy Seal

text: Lord High Steward

text: Privy Council

text: Popish Plot

text: St Andrew

text: Holborn

text: London

text: Battle of Stratton

text: Count of the Holy Roman Empire

text: Roman Catholic

text: Charles I

text: First English Civil War

text: Wardour Castle

text: Lady Blanche Arundell

text: Edmund Ludlow

text: Colonel

text: George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos

text: council of state

text: manslaughter

text: Oliver Cromwell

text: Restoration of Charles II

text: Humphrey Weld

text: Master of the Horse

text: Henrietta Maria

text: Charles II of England

text: Louis XIV

text: Treaty of Dover

text: Titus Oates

text: Popish Plot

text: William Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis

text: John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse

text: Pope

text: Lord Chancellor

text: Tower of London

text: William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford

text: Edward Colman

text: Privy Council

text: Lord Privy Seal

text: Lord Clarendon

text: Declaration of Indulgence

text: Edward Petre

text: Breamore

text: Hampshire

text: Tisbury, Wiltshire

text: Earl of Castlehaven

text: Hugo Meynell

text: Quorn Hunt

text: Blanche Somerset

text: Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester

text: Elizabeth Hastings

text: Cicely Compton

text: Knt.

text: Brambletye

text: Sussex

text: Order of the Bath

text: Sir John Fermor

text: Henry Compton, 1st Baron Compton

text: Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset

text: Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset

text: Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset

text: Thorpe, Surrey

text: Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine

text: Rouen

text: Caux

text: France

text: Poor Clares

categories: Lord High Stewards,1694 deaths,Barons in the Peerage of England,1600s births,Arundell family,Lords Privy Seal

paragraph: Henry Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour, PC (bef. 23 February 1607/828 December 1694) was a Peer of England during the 17th century, and the most famous of the Lords Arundell of Wardour. He served as Lord Privy Seal and Lord High Steward, and was appointed to the Privy Council. During the Popish Plot he suffered a long period of imprisonment, although he was never brought to trial.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was baptised on 23 February 1607/8 at St Andrew, Holborn, London. On the death of his father, who had been mortally wounded at the Battle of Stratton, on 19 May 1643 he succeeded to his estates and to his titles, which included that of Count of the Holy Roman Empire. Throughout his life a devoted Roman Catholic, he fought like his father on the side of Charles I in the First English Civil War. In May 1643 the parliamentarians wrested his ancestral home Wardour Castle, in Wiltshire, from his mother Lady Blanche Arundell who was defending it. In the following September Arundell laid siege to the castle and its new occupiers and fought in the re-taking from the rebels. By springing a mine and ruining the building, he finally dislodged the enemy under General Edmund Ludlow in March 1644, partly destroying it to prevent it being used as a fortress.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: On 13 May 1652 he acted as one of the seconds of his brother-in-law Colonel Henry Compton, in a duel with George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos. Compton was killed, and a warrant was issued by the council of state to arrest Arundell with others who had taken part. On 17 May 1653 he was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to be burned "in the hand". In that year Arundell appears to have petitioned Oliver Cromwell for pardon, and in 1656 to have received permission to take refuge in France. At the Restoration of Charles II, Arundell, on paying £35,000, was confirmed in all his family estates, many of which had been sold by the Commonwealth to Humphrey Weld. He regained possession of Wardour, but never had the money to properly rebuild it. On 7 March 1663 he was nominated and held the office of Master of the Horse to the Queen-Mother, Henrietta Maria.

paragraph: In January 1669 he was summoned by Charles II of England, with other Roman Catholic peers, to a secret council, and was commissioned to proceed to France to inform Louis XIV of the English king's desire to be reconciled to Roman Catholicism, and of his want of ready money. In June 1669 Arundell returned with Louis's assent to the secret Treaty of Dover with Charles, which was signed in the following year.

paragraph: Section::::Popish Plot.

paragraph: In 1678 Titus Oates and his associates announced that Arundell was a chief mover in the Popish Plot against Charles II, which they professed to have discovered; it was a complete fabrication. According to the evidence of these informers, attempts had been made by the Catholics of England, in league with Louis XIV, to raise an army of 50,000, which was to be placed under the command of Lord Arundell, William Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis, and John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse. Some of the witnesses asserted that the Pope had issued a commission to Arundell to be Lord Chancellor as soon as the present ministers had been removed, and that Arundell had for many years been actively employed in arranging the details of the plot. Between October 1678 and February 1684 he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, along with other "Popish" peers, on the accusation of Titus Oates.

paragraph: The charges were patently absurd: among other unlikely accusations, Arundell was alleged to have conspired with his fellow Catholic peer, William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford (who was executed in 1680 for his supposed part in the Plot) although it was common knowledge that following a bitter quarrel they had not spoken to each other for 25 years. Far from their having any motive to kill the King, both were well aware of how much they had gained from his policy of religious tolerance. As Stafford sensibly remarked, simple self-interest dictated that the Catholic peerage should remain loyal to Charles ll, who in his later years was an all but open Catholic himself: "we have no interest but to be quiet". Arundell was friendly with Lord Belasyse, who like Arundell suffered a term of imprisonment as a supposed Plotter, and with the civil servant Edward Colman, an ardent Catholic who was executed for his supposed part in the Plot in December 1678, but there is no reason to think that there was anything sinister about these friendships. During his imprisonment in 1679 Arundell wrote five short religious poems, published in a single folio sheet in 1679, and reissued in "A Collection of Eighty-six Loyal Poems" in 1685.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: After the death of Charles II, his successor, James II, admitted Arundell, although he was a Roman Catholic, to the Privy Council (PC), to which he was admitted on 17 July/August 1686, and appointed him Keeper of the Privy Seal or Lord Privy Seal in place of Lord Clarendon on 11 March 1686/87, office he held. By royal dispensation he was relieved of the necessity of taking the customary oaths on accepting office. In the following June Arundell presented an address to the King on behalf of the Roman Catholics, thanking him for the Declaration of Indulgence; uncharacteristically, he strongly opposed the admission of the Jesuit Edward Petre to the privy council. He received, on 24 June 1687, a bounty of £250 from the king for secret service. In 1688 he was one of the five Lords to whom King James II committed the administration of his affairs.

paragraph: On the abdication of James, Arundell retired to his house at Breamore, Hampshire, and took no further part in public life. He died at Breamore on 28 December 1694, at the age of eighty-eight. He was buried with his ancestors at Tisbury, Wiltshire. He was a noted gambler and sportsman, and kept at Breamore a celebrated pack of hounds, which became the property of the Earl of Castlehaven, and subsequently of Hugo Meynell. From them the Quorn Hunt's pack is descended.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was the only son of Thomas Arundell, 2nd Baron Arundell of Wardour, by his wife, Blanche Somerset, daughter of  Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester and his wife Elizabeth Hastings; Blanche was noted for her staunch defence of Wardour Castle during the Civil War.

paragraph: He married Cicely Compton (24 March 1675/76), daughter of the Hon. Sir Henry Compton, Knt., of Brambletye, Sussex, invested as a Knight of the Order of the Bath (KB) on 25 July 1603, and his first wife Lady Cicely Sackville, and widow of Sir John Fermor. She was a granddaughter of Sir Henry Compton, 1st Baron Compton and of Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset through her mother (herself a half-sister of Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset and Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset). Her stepmother was Mary Browne, daughter of Sir George Browne, also a widow, of Thomas Paston, of Thorpe, Surrey.

paragraph: Their children were:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Thomas Arundell, 4th Baron Arundell of Wardour, b. 1633, d. 10 Feb 1711/12 He became the fourth Lord Arundell of Wardour, and was in the retinue of Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine on his visit to Pope Innocent XI as James II's ambassador.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Hon. Henry Arundell. A settlement for the marriage between him and Mary Scrope was made on 10 February 1675. They had no issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Hon. Cicely Arundell, d. 1717, a nun at Rouen, Caux, France. She entered the order of Poor Clares of Rouen in 1662, and died at Rouen 13 June 1717, at the age of eighty-two.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Wikisource article about his grandfather cited here also describes his biography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article on the first, second and third Lords Arundell of Wardour

paragraph: BULLET::::- The third Baron Arundell of Wardour at thepeerage.com

description: English Baron


text: politician

text: Conservative Party

text: Cabinet

text: Prime Ministers

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: John Major

text: Member of Parliament

text: Cities of London and Westminster

text: Henry Brooke, Baron Brooke of Cumnor

text: Home Secretary

text: Sir Henry Brooke

text: Marlborough College

text: Balliol College, Oxford

text: Oxford Union

text: Harvard Business School

text: headhunter

text: Neil Kinnock

text: Labour

text: Bedwellty

text: October 1974

text: by-election in 1977

text: Privy Council

text: Chairman of the Conservative Party

text: Secretary of State for Northern Ireland

text: The Late Late Show

text: Gay Byrne

text: Oh My Darling, Clementine

text: IRA

text: April 1992 general election

text: Speaker of the House of Commons

text: Labour

text: Betty Boothroyd

text: Windsor Castle

text: 2001 general election

text: life peer

text: Sutton Mandeville

text: Wiltshire

text: Companion of Honour

text: The Rt Hon

categories: UK MPs 1992–1997,Politics of the City of London,Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour,Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland,Harvard Business School alumni,People educated at Marlborough College,UK MPs 1997–2001,Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,Politics of the City of Westminster,United Kingdom Paymasters General,Living people,UK MPs 1974–1979,British Secretaries of State,People of The Troubles (Northern Ireland),UK MPs 1983–1987,UK MPs 1979–1983,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,1934 births,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Presidents of the Oxford Union,UK MPs 1987–1992

paragraph: Peter Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville

paragraph: Peter Leonard Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville, (born 3 March 1934) is a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served in the Cabinet under Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major, and was a Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Cities of London and Westminster from 1977 to 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Brooke is the son of Henry Brooke, Baron Brooke of Cumnor, a former Home Secretary, and Barbara Brooke, Baroness Brooke of Ystradfellte. His parents were one of the few married couples where "both" partners held noble titles in their own right. His younger brother was the judge Sir Henry Brooke. He was educated at Marlborough College and Balliol College, Oxford, (where he was President of the Oxford Union) before going on to the Harvard Business School in the United States. After leaving university he worked as a headhunter and was Chairman of Spencer Stuart.

paragraph: Section::::Parliamentary career.

paragraph: After unsuccessfully challenging Neil Kinnock at the Labour stronghold of Bedwellty in October 1974, he was elected as MP for the Cities of London and Westminster in a by-election in 1977. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1988. He was made Chairman of the Conservative Party in 1987, and then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in 1989.

paragraph: In January 1992, Brooke appeared on the Irish chat show, "The Late Late Show". After a pleasant interview, the presenter, Gay Byrne, coaxed and goaded the unwilling Brooke into singing "Oh My Darling, Clementine", on a day when seven Protestant construction workers had been killed by an IRA bomb. Many unionists were outraged at what seemed to be a moment clearly out of touch with grieving families, and requested the resignation of Brooke. The incident was a factor in Brooke's being dropped from his position after the April 1992 general election, although Brooke claimed he had offered his resignation after the incident.

paragraph: After leaving the Cabinet, Brooke stood unsuccessfully for the position of Speaker of the House of Commons. The House instead elected the Labour MP Betty Boothroyd to the role, with several Conservative MPs voting against Brooke on the grounds that he had too recently been in the Cabinet and was thus insufficiently close to the backbenches. Brooke then remained on the backbenches for a short time, before being brought back into the Cabinet later in the year as Secretary of State for National Heritage, a role he held until 1994. During his time as Heritage Secretary, he oversaw the restoration of Windsor Castle following the fire that had struck the State Apartments in 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Brooke stepped down as an MP at the 2001 general election and was made a life peer as Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville, of Sutton Mandeville in the County of Wiltshire, in October 2001. He was Chairman of the Association of Conservative Peers. He was appointed Companion of Honour, as his father had been, in 1992. He retired from the House of Lords in September 2015.

paragraph: Lord Brooke is one of several peers and MPs with an abiding interest in the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, especially the Sherlock Holmes adventures.

paragraph: Section::::Styles and arms.

paragraph: Section::::Styles and arms.:Styles of address.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19341964: Mr Peter Brooke

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19641977: The Hon Peter Brooke

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19771988: The Hon Peter Brooke

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19881992: The Rt Hon Peter Brooke

paragraph: BULLET::::- 19922001: The Rt Hon Peter Brooke

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: The Rt Hon Peter Brooke

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: The Rt Hon The Lord Brooke of Sutton Mandeville

description: British politician


text:
Al-Husayn ibn Ali
Shia
Imam
Umm Layla
Ashura
Karbala
Shia
Muslim
Sunni
Muslim
Iranica
Household of Muhammad
Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Ali
Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn
Zayn al-Abidin
Muhammad
prophet
Allah
AH
battle of Karbala
Adhan
Zuhr
Allah
Bal'ami
Umar ibn Sa'ad
Najaf
his father
Khaybar
Muhammad
Islamic "Nabi"
Prophet
Ali ibn Abu Talib
Battle of Karbala
Sakinah(Fatema Kubra) bint Husayn
Sakina bint Hussain

categories: 7th-century Arabs,Family of Muhammad,Muslim martyrs,People killed at the Battle of Karbala,664 births,Battle of Karbala

image: 512px-(أبي_الحسن_علي_بن_الحسين_بن_علي_بن_أبي_طالب_الهاشمي_القرشي_(رحمه_الله.png

paragraph: Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn

paragraph: Ali al-Akbar ibn Al-Husayn (), commonly known as simply Ali al-Akbar, was the son of Al-Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia Imam, and Umm Layla. He was killed at the age of 18 on the day of ‘Ashura’, in Karbala’. ‘Ali Al-Akbar is highly respected by Shia Muslim and also respected by Sunni Muslims . According to Jean Calmard writing in Iranica, ‘Ali al-Akbar's reputation as a valiant warrior of the Household of Muhammad might have preceded that of Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Ali.

paragraph: Section::::Life before Karbala’.

paragraph: Two of his brothers were also named Ali, Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn and Zayn al-Abidin. He so much resembled Muhammad, the prophet of Allah, that Husayn ibn Ali often said, "whenever I happen to miss my maternal grandfather I look at the face of Ali al-Akbar." Ali al-Akbar was martyred by Murrah ibn Munqad on 10 Muharram 61 AH in battle of Karbala.

paragraph: Section::::Martyrdom in the Battle of Karbala’.

paragraph: He had a loud and beautiful voice, on the morning of the day of Ashura, Husayn ibn Ali asked Ali Akbar as to call out the Adhan. Husayn ibn Ali, and many women in their tents, began to weep when Ali Akbar began calling out the Adhan, suspecting that it may be the last time they heard Ali Akbar give the Adhan.

paragraph: Ali Akbar stood in front of Husayn ibn Ali after Zuhr prayers and said: "Father I request for permission to go and fight the enemies of Islam." His father gave him permission and said, "May Allah be with you! But Akbar, you know how much your mother, sisters, and aunts love you. Go and say farewell to them." Ali Akbar went into the tent of his mother. Every time he wanted to come out of the tent his mother, aunts, and sisters would pull his cloak and say, "O Akbar, How will we live without you?" Husayn ibn Ali had to plead with all to let Ali Akbar go.

paragraph: Husayn ibn Ali helped his son mount his horse. As Akbar began to ride towards the battlefield he heard footsteps behind him. He looked back and saw his father. He said: "Father, we have said good-bye. Why are you walking behind me?" Husayn ibn Ali replied, "My son, if you had a son like yourself then you would have surely understood!"

paragraph: According to Bal'ami, Ali Akbar stroke the enemies ten times and killed two or three of them each time. He killed many well-known warriors. No one dared to come close to him in a single combat. Umar ibn Sa'ad ordered his soldiers to kill him, saying, "When he dies, Husayn will not want to live! Ali Akbar is the life of Husayn." While a few soldiers attacked Ali Akbar, Murrah ibn Munqad threw a spear through Ali Akbar's chest. Murrah ibn Munqad then broke the wooden part of the spear and left the blade inside Ali Akbar's chest, to cause him more pain. As Ali Akbar fell from his horse, he said, "Yaa bata alayka minni salaam" upon hearing his son's call, it is said that Imam Hussain lost his eyesight. When Imam Hussain arrived close to him and tried to remove the spear from his chest, the spear's head had been tangled in his veins and when Imam Hussain pulled it out, his heart came out alongside it. He was then surrounded and was cut to pieces. The reason he said this was because after Ali Akbar killed significant members of the enemy forces, he went to Husayn and said he is too thirsty to fight. Husayn was very sad and told his son: "Do not worry, Akbar. After you are killed your grandfather, the messenger of Allah, will give you water that is so sweet, that you will never forget the taste."

paragraph: He walked towards the battlefield. When he went to Akbar, Akbar placed his right hand on his wounded chest and his left arm over the shoulder of his father. Al-Husayn asked, "Akbar, why do you embrace me with only one arm?" Akbar did not reply. Al-Husayn tried to move Akbar's right hand, but Akbar resisted. Then Al-Husayn forcefully moved the hand, and saw the blade of the spear. He laid Akbar on the ground and sat on his knees, placing both of his hands on the blade of the spear. He looked at Najaf, where his father was buried, and said, "Father, I too have come to my Khaybar!" He pulled out the blade, with it came the heart of Akbar. Al-Husayn, distraught seeing his son in such pain and stress, wept. Akbar sent his last Salam and died.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muhammad the Islamic "Nabi" (, Prophet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Ali ibn Abu Talib

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Karbala’

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sakinah(Fatema Kubra) bint Husayn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sakina bint Hussain

url: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/(أبي_الحسن_علي_بن_الحسين_بن_علي_بن_أبي_طالب_الهاشمي_القرشي_(رحمه_الله.png

description: Muslim martyr

wikidata_label: Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn

wikipedia_title: Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn