text:
Chile
Army
War of the Pacific
President of Chile
civil war of 1891
Basque
War of the Confederation
1851
1859
Occupation of Araucanía
Senator
Santiago
Colchagua
Santiago
Fernando Baquedano
Instituto Nacional
Federico Errázuriz
Eusebio Lillo
War of the Confederation
Battle of Yungay
Captain
Revolution of 1851
Manuel Montt
Pedro Urriola
Eusebio Lillo
Concepción
José María de la Cruz
Manuel Bulnes
battle of Loncomilla
Angol
Los Angeles
Valparaíso
Arauco
revolution
Occupation of Araucanía
Quilapán
Mapuche
Jose Manuel Pinto
Malleco
Renaico
Federico Errázuriz Zañartu
Araucanía
War of the Pacific
Peru
Bolivia
Pisagua
Erasmo Escala
amphibious
land campaigns
Tarapacá
Tacna and Arica
Lima
Battle of Los Ángeles
Minister of War
morale
Chorrillos
Miraflores
occupied
Aníbal Pinto
El Mercurio de Valparaíso
Abtao
Francisco Encina
Domingo Santa María
Colchagua
José Manuel Balmaceda
1891 Chilean Civil War
battle of La Placilla
Jorge Montt
Baquedano metro station
Plaza Baquedano
Baquedano Street
Cordón Baquedano
Tierra del Fuego
Chilean Navy
General Baquedano (PF-09)
Baquedano (1898)
Official Chilean Army Biography

categories: Chilean Army generals,Chilean military personnel of the War of the Pacific,1897 deaths,Chilean people of Basque descent,Members of the Senate of Chile,1823 births,People from Santiago,People of the Occupation of Araucanía,Candidates for President of Chile

paragraph: Manuel Baquedano

paragraph: Manuel Jesús Baquedano González (; January 1, 1823 – September 30, 1897) was a Chilean soldier and politician, who served as Commander-in-chief of the Army during the War of the Pacific, and briefly as President of Chile during the civil war of 1891.

paragraph: Manuel Baquedano was of Basque descent. He took part in the War of the Confederation, the revolutions of 1851 and 1859, the Occupation of Araucanía, and the War of the Pacific. He also served as Senator for Santiago and for Colchagua. He was instrumental in reorganizing the Army and establishing the Military Academy.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Manuel Baquedano was born in Santiago, the son of cavalry colonel Fernando Baquedano and of Teresa González de Labra y Ros. He studied at the school of clergyman Juan Romo and at the Instituto Nacional of Chile. During this time he became lifelong friends with Federico Errázuriz and Eusebio Lillo. Baquedano was only 15 years old and still at school when the War of the Confederation broke out. He fled his home in July 1838 to join the troops leaving for the War. He participated in the Battle of Yungay in 1839, being promoted on the field to Lieutenant at the age of 16.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Manuel Baquedano returned to Chile and completed his military training. He was promoted to regular Lieutenant on January 23, 1845, served as Adjutant in the Grenadiers, and was promoted to full Captain in January 1850.

paragraph: During the Revolution of 1851, Manuel Baquedano played a decisive role in the confrontation with the troops that rebelled, on 20 April, against the election of Manuel Montt as President. These rebels were commanded by Colonel Pedro Urriola who was supported by young liberals, among whom was his friend Eusebio Lillo. The revolution was followed in September by an armed revolt in the navy at Concepción by troops controlled by José María de la Cruz. Baquedano was named adjutant to General Manuel Bulnes and fought in the government forces in the battle of Loncomilla, on 8 December 1851. There, he faced his father and his brother Eleuterio Baquedano. After the battle he requested permission to visit his father, head of the opposing army's General Staff, wounded in the battle.

paragraph: Manuel Montt promoted him sergeant-major of the government bodyguard in January 1852.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Temporary retirement.

paragraph: At the beginning of 1854, Baquedano lost his commission as military commandant of the city of Angol over a confused barracks mutiny incident in which his real involvement was never clarified. Baquedano then resigned from active service, and with his savings acquired the small "Santa Teresa" hacienda at La Laja, near the city of Los Angeles.

paragraph: The government did not accept his resignation and appointed him adjutant to the military command in Valparaíso in March 1855. Following an appeal, in April he was transferred to the equivalent position at Arauco, in order to be closer to his estate. In August of that year he was appointed commander of the town militia No. 3 in Arauco. Between 1855 and 1869 he dedicated himself to transforming his land into a productive agricultural property, and within five years this had already made him a small fortune.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Return to military life.

paragraph: Baquedano returned to military life in June 1859, when the government called him up to suppress the revolution that occurred in Concepción. For his services he was promoted to regular sergeant major. Seven years later, in October 1866, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and served in this post in Los Angeles, combining this with his agricultural work.

paragraph: At the end of 1868, the Army again called on his services in relation to the Occupation of Araucanía, to counter the indigenous rebellion headed by Quilapán and other Mapuche chiefs. Under the orders of general Jose Manuel Pinto, commander of the frontier forces, he took part in numerous conflicts in Malleco and Renaico, from January to May 1869. Resulting from his service there, in September of that year he was entrusted with the command of the "Cazadores a Caballo" cavalry regiment - the same position that his father had held - and transferred to Santiago. He rose to the rank of colonel in July 1870, to full colonel in April 1872, and to brigadier-general in June 1876. During that decade the government of Federico Errázuriz Zañartu appointed him acting inspector-general of the National Guard, and in 1875 commanding general at Santiago. His military services in Araucanía and his personality earned him a reputation in the liberal governments and among the people of the city.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:War of the Pacific.

paragraph: When the War of the Pacific against Peru and Bolivia broke out in April 1879, Baquedano was general in command of the cavalry. In November 1879 he disembarked his troops in Pisagua under orders from infantry commander General Erasmo Escala. This manoeuvre is regarded as the first amphibious disembarkation in history.

paragraph: He took part in the first three land campaigns: Tarapacá, Tacna and Arica, and Lima, and planned the Battle of Los Ángeles. After the resignation of General Escala over a dispute with Rafael Sotomayor Baeza, the Minister of War, Sotomayor appointed Baquedano as Commander-in-Chief, in the expectation that Baquedano's abilities as commander would enable him to restore good order and morale among the troops.

paragraph: The military reputation of Baquedano was enhanced by his outstanding direction and participation in the battles of Chorrillos and Miraflores, in January 1881. There, thanks to the efforts of the men under his command, the Peruvian capital was occupied in less than a month. Baquedano returned to Chile when the government of President Aníbal Pinto decided to bring home most of the Army, due to the high cost of maintaining troops. He arrived at Valparaiso in March 1881 and was received by a large crowd; the celebration was repeated in Santiago.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Generalship.

paragraph: Baquedano's military strategy in this war consisted mainly in frontal attack to break the often over-extended enemy lines. Although he had little training in strategy, he is remembered as a general who personally directed battles resulting in decisive victories. He was a strict disciplinarian: he had a soldier shot for cowardice at the Battle of Chorrillos. Of a stubborn and obstinate nature, he tolerated no argument once he had taken a decision.

paragraph: After the Battle of Tacna, when his tactics were publicly criticised in the "El Mercurio de Valparaíso" newspaper, an enraged Baquedano had the reporter arrested and held incommunicado aboard the warship "Abtao". The historian Francisco Encina, while recognizing Baquedano's courage, described him as having a "poverty of ideas" and a poor command of tactics. Baquedano's main political rival, José Francisco Vergara Echevers, also pointed out his tactical weaknesses, but acknowledged that the victory at Miraflores was due in part to the successful envelopment that he ordered.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Baquedano retired from military life in May 1881. He was twice offered a presidential candidacy, but on both occasions the campaign did not prosper. By means of a law passed in August 1881, the government of Domingo Santa María granted him lifelong honors, pay and allowances at the level of an active commander in chief.

paragraph: He was elected as a senator for Santiago for two terms, between 1882 and 1888, and by Colchagua for another two terms, between 1888 and 1894. From these positions he participated in the reorganization of the Army and was a member of the standing Army and Navy commission, active in establishing the General Staff and the military academy. In April 1889, President José Manuel Balmaceda sent him on a mission to Europe, from which he returned in November 1890. On his return he was again offered a presidential candidacy, but again refused.

paragraph: During the 1891 Chilean Civil War, Baquedano did not side with either political party. But, after Balmaceda's forces were overcome and destroyed at the battle of La Placilla, it was clear that the President could no longer hope to find a sufficient strength amongst his adherents to maintain himself in power. On August 29, 1891, Balmaceda officially handed power to General Baquedano, who attempted to keep order in Santiago until the arrival of the congressional leaders on the 30th. He then handed power to Navy captain Jorge Montt on the 31st, and retired permanently to private life.

paragraph: He died at his home in Santiago on 30 September 1897, at the age of 74.

paragraph: Section::::Memorials.

paragraph: There is an equestrian statue of Baquedano by the Edificio Telefónica in Av Providencia at Santiago.

paragraph: There are several places in Chile named for Baquedano: Baquedano metro station and Plaza Baquedano in Santiago; Baquedano Street in Iquique; and the Cordón Baquedano range in Chilean Tierra del Fuego. Two ships of the Chilean Navy have borne his name: the frigate General Baquedano (PF-09) and the corvette Baquedano (1898).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Chilean Army Biography

description: Chilean politician and general

wikidata_label: Manuel Baquedano

wikipedia_title: Manuel Baquedano


text:
Utrecht
football
forward
Eerste Divisie
VI Profile

categories: De Graafschap players,FC Wageningen players,1950 births,Footballers from Utrecht (city),Association football forwards,Eerste Divisie players,Go Ahead Eagles players,NEC Nijmegen players,Living people,Dutch footballers,Eredivisie players

paragraph: Gerdo Hazelhekke

paragraph: Gerdo Hazelhekke (born 28 February 1950 in Utrecht) is a retired football player who played as a forward during his professional football career. He is a two-time topscorer of the Dutch Eerste Divisie.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- VI Profile

description: Dutch footballer

wikidata_label: Gerdo Hazelhekke

wikipedia_title: Gerdo Hazelhekke


text:
silversmith
designer
Copenhagen
Denmark
Georg Jensen
Art Nouveau
toy soldier
Rosendahl
Milan Triennial IX

wikipedia_title:
Silversmith
Designer
Copenhagen
Denmark
Georg Jensen
Art Nouveau
Toy soldier
Rosendahl
Milan Triennial IX

categories: Designers from Copenhagen,1886 births,Danish silversmiths,Model manufacturers of Denmark,Artisans from Copenhagen,1958 deaths,Art Nouveau designers

paragraph: Kay Bojesen

paragraph: Kay Bojesen (15 August 1886 – 28 August 1958) was a Danish silversmith and designer. He is best known for creating wooden animals, especially his wooden monkey which was exhibited at the Victoria and Albert museum in London in the nineteen-fifties, and which today is considered a design classic.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Bojesen was born on 15 August 1886 in Copenhagen, Denmark. He first trained to be a grocer, but in 1906 began working for Danish silversmith Georg Jensen. The Danish Museum of Art & Design describes his early work as being in an Art Nouveau style, likely due to Jensen's influence.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1922, Bojesen began designing wooden toys, typically about six to ten inches tall, with moveable limbs. These included a teak and limba monkey (1951), an oak elephant, a bear made of oak and maple, a rocking horse of beech, a parrot, a dachshund, and toy soldiers of the Danish Royal Guard including a drummer, a private with rifle and a standard-bearer. In 1990, Danish design house Rosendahl bought the rights to the toys.

paragraph: In 1931, Bojesen was one of the key founders of the design exhibition gallery and shop called "Den Permanente" (The Permanent), a collective which aimed to exhibit the best of Danish design.

paragraph: Bojesen also designed furniture for children, jewellery and housewares. A set of stainless steel cutlery he designed in 1938 won the Grand Prix at the Milan Triennial IX of 1951, after which Bojesen named the set “Grand Prix.” Today, the Grand Prix cutlery has been relaunched and is being manufactured by Kay Bojesen's granddaughter, Susanne Bojesen Rosenqvist. The Grand Prix is known as the national cutlery of Denmark and is to be found in every Danish Embassy worldwide.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Bojesen died August 28, 1958, at the age of 72. His shop in Copenhagen, which he founded in 1932, operated until the nineteen-eighties. Following his death it was continued by his widow Erna Bojesen until her death in 1986.

paragraph: Bojesen was an honorary member of the National Association of Danish Arts and Crafts, and was recognized for his toys by the Danish National Committee of the OEMP (World Organisation for Early Childhood Education).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Prix cutlery

description: Danish artist

wikidata_label: Kay Bojesen

wikipedia_title: Kay Bojesen


text:
F.T. Island
Burning Sun scandal
Seoul
solar calendar
lunar calendar
F.T. Island
University of Suwon
digital music
New Year
Lee Hong-gi
Seoul Broadcasting System
You're My Pet
Jang Keun-suk
Kim Ha-neul
Tramps Like Us
Seo Yu-na
AOA
Lim Yoon-ho
webtoon
Song Seung-hyun
music video
Seungri
Jung Joon-young
F.T. Island
SBS funE

wikipedia_title:
F.T. Island
Burning Sun scandal
Seoul
Solar calendar
Lunar calendar
F.T. Island
University of Suwon
Digital audio
New Year
Lee Hong-gi
Seoul Broadcasting System
You're My Pet (film)
Jang Keun-suk
Kim Ha-neul
Tramps Like Us
Seo Yu-na
AOA (group)
Lim Yoon-ho
Webtoon
Song Seung-hyun
Music video
Seungri
Jung Joon-young
F.T. Island
SBS funE

categories: Living people,FNC Entertainment artists,F.T. Island members,1990 births,South Korean male idols,South Korean keyboardists,South Korean pop rock singers

paragraph: Choi Jong-hoon

paragraph: Choi Jong-hoon (, ; born March 7, 1990) is a retired South Korean musician and actor. He served as the leader, guitarist, and keyboardist of rock band F.T. Island from its debut in 2007 until his retirement from the entertainment industry in 2019.

paragraph: On March 14, 2019, Choi retired from the entertainment industry, amidst allegations of being involved in bribery and sharing of illicit sex videos and pictures, a part of the Burning Sun scandal.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Choi Jong-hoon was born in Seoul, South Korea on March 7, 1990, according to the solar calendar, and February 6 according to the lunar calendar. He attended the Shindongshin Middle Information Industry High School. During his high school years, he was accepted into the FNC Music talent agency, which later formed the band F.T. Island with Jong-hoon as its leader and guitarist.

paragraph: Choi attended University of Suwon, majoring in digital music alongside former band member Oh Won Bin.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: In January 2009, members Choi Jong-hoon, Choi Minhwan, and Lee Jaejin were put into the sub group "A3". This group debuted at the 2009 New Year concert "My First Dream" held at the JCB Hall in Tokyo, Japan on January 2, 2009. Choi performed as the guitarist and a sub-vocalist. The group's name was "A3" due to each of the three members having type A blood. This group was formed to help take up some singing time during their concerts, so that lead singer, Lee Hong-gi, would not overstrain his voice.

paragraph: Section::::Television and acting.

paragraph: Choi began making cameos and guest appearances on many television series starting in 2008. Together with Song Seung-hyun, he starred in "Style Wave" in December 2009 and January 2010. In this show, stars discuss major style trends and dress a shopper according to a chosen style theme.

paragraph: Choi participated in episode 15 of Seoul Broadcasting System's "Idol Maknae Rebellion" () with fellow band member Seung-hyun, who was a cast member of the show; the episode aired on February 15, 2010. He made his acting debut as a supporting character in the film "You're My Pet" (2011) starring actors Jang Keun-suk and Kim Ha-neul. Based on the Japanese manga "Tramps Like Us", Choi plays the younger brother of Kim's character. The film centers around a woman living with her human pet.

paragraph: In December 2012, Choi joined the second season of tvN's "The Romantic & Idol".

paragraph: Choi was cast as the lead character Park Shi-hyun in the web drama "Prince's Prince" (2015). Seo Yu-na of girl group AOA, who plays his onscreen younger sister Yu-na, Lim Yoon-ho as Lee Mong-ryong, also played co-leads. Based on the webtoon of the same name, the series revolves around Shi-hyun's sister and her immersion into video games. As a first-time lead role, Choi remarked during a press conference prior to filming, "I previously did a bit of acting, but I should carefully and cautiously undertake this role". He also starred in the drama "Heroes" and "Unexpected Heroes" (2017).

paragraph: Section::::Other activities.

paragraph: With fellow band member Song Seung-hyun, Choi modeled at the 2009 Autumn Seoul Fashion Week on October 17, 2009 for Lee Ju Young, the designer of the "Resurrection" collection. On June 29, 2009, he was featured with Core Contents Media's soloist Hong Jin Young as one of the main characters in her music video "Love Battery". In August he participated in episode 19 of MNet Scandal.

paragraph: Section::::Scandal and retirement.

paragraph: In March 2019, Choi was revealed to be a member of an online group chat that shared sexually explicit videos of women filmed without their knowledge or consent, together with celebrities Seungri and Jung Joon-young. He was also reported to have bribed the police in order to prevent newspapers from covering a drunk driving incident he was involved in 2016. Subsequently, his agency announced that he will be leaving F.T. Island and retiring from the entertainment industry.

paragraph: In April 2019, police booked Choi for illegally filming women without their consent, distributing a total of six videos, and bribery to cover up his drink-driving incident. On April 11, 2019, Choi admitted to spreading hidden camera photos taken without consent and also filming illegal hidden camera footage. He was charged with one count of sharing personally taken illegal footage and five counts of sharing footage from other sources.

paragraph: On April 19, 2019, a woman came forward to SBS funE, claiming that five men including Choi, had raped her after she was intoxicated in March 2016, and then shared the footage in a group chat. Choi denied the allegation, but admitted that he and the woman were together on that day. On May 10, 2019, Choi was arrested on the gang rape allegations and was indicted on charge of taking part in a gang rape in 2016.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: South Korean musician and singer

wikidata_label: Choi Jong-hoon

wikipedia_title: Choi Jong-hoon


text:
Płock
Tadeusz Pruszkowski
Felicjan Kowarski
Warsaw
portrait
landscape
painting
England

wikipedia_title:
Płock
Tadeusz Pruszkowski
Felicjan Kowarski
Warsaw
Portrait
Landscape painting
Painting
England

categories: 1908 births,1980 deaths,20th-century Polish painters

paragraph: Jan Betley

paragraph: Jan Betley (1908 - 1980) was a Polish painter.

paragraph: Betley was born in Płock. Before the World War II, he was a student of two well known Polish painters, Tadeusz Pruszkowski and Felicjan Kowarski, at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw (ASP). In 1936, he graduated under the advisory of Pruszkowski and qualified himself as the assistant-professor in 1948. Most of his early paintings were lost during the war time. After the war he taught at the ASP.

paragraph: He was a member of the "Fourth Group" advocating traditional subjects and perfectionism of technique. He is known for his portraits, landscapes, paintings of horses, battle scenes and genre pieces. He was closely related to Polish Colourism. His works can be found in Polish museums and in private collections in Poland and England.

paragraph: Betley died in Warsaw at age 72.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Betley

description: Polish artist

wikidata_label: Jan Betley

wikipedia_title: Jan Betley


text:
Swedish
horse rider
dressage
1920
1924 Summer Olympics

categories: Olympic equestrians of Sweden,Swedish male equestrians,Equestrians at the 1924 Summer Olympics,Equestrians at the 1920 Summer Olympics,1879 births,Swedish Army officers,1972 deaths

paragraph: Wilhelm von Essen

paragraph: Fritz Wilhelm von Essen (16 February 1879 – 10 April 1972) Baron, and master of the royal stable was a Swedish horse rider. He competed in the individual mixed dressage at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics and placed fourth on both occasions.

wikidata_label: Wilhelm von Essen

wikipedia_title: Wilhelm von Essen


text:
Dutch
footballer
goalkeeper
SV Spakenburg
AZ
Telstar
Ajax
Excelsior
VVV-Venlo
FC Oss
Ermis Aradippou

categories: Footballers from Almere,Tweede Divisie players,RKC Waalwijk players,AZ Alkmaar players,Association football goalkeepers,Ermis Aradippou FC players,Dutch expatriate footballers,S.B.V. Excelsior players,Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus,Dutch footballers,Eredivisie players,TOP Oss players,SC Telstar players,AFC Ajax players,Expatriate footballers in Cyprus,Eerste Divisie players,Cypriot First Division players,Living people,VVV-Venlo players,1989 births,SV Spakenburg players

paragraph: Jordy Deckers

paragraph: Jordy Deckers (born 20 June 1989) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for SV Spakenburg.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: He formerly played for AZ, Telstar, Ajax, Excelsior and VVV-Venlo.

paragraph: He joined FC Oss in September 2016, after a summer 2016 move to Cypriot side Ermis Aradippou did not work out and he was released after only three months.

description: Dutch footballer

wikidata_label: Jordy Deckers

wikipedia_title: Jordy Deckers


text:
Middle chronology
Yamhad
Halab
Hammurabi I
Babylon
Irridu
Yarim-Lim
Alalakh
Aleppo
Hurrians
Hebat
Yarim-Lim II
Moshe Weinfeld

categories: Amorite kings,People from Aleppo,Kings of Yamhad,18th-century BC rulers

paragraph: Abba-El I

paragraph: Abba-El I (reigned - Middle chronology ) was the king of Yamhad (Halab), succeeding his father Hammurabi I.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Hammurabi I left Yamhad a prosperous country, and Abba-El's reign was relatively peaceful. He maintained good commercial relations with Babylon. The main event of his reign was the rebellion of Zitraddu, governor of the city Irridu which belonged along with its district to Abba-El's brother Yarim-Lim

paragraph: A tablet discovered at Alalakh explains the circumstances which led to the forming of the kingdom of Alalakh; it revealed that Abba-El destroyed Irridu and compensated his brother by giving him Alalakh as a hereditary kingdom for his dynasty under the suzerainty of Aleppo but that it should be forfeited if Yarim-Lim or his descendants committed treason against Yamhad.

paragraph: Abba-El took an oath upon himself not to confiscate his brother's new kingdom and that he might be cursed if he ever did. In return Yarim-Lim took an oath of loyalty to his brother, specifying that if he or his descendants ever committed treason or spilled Abba-El's secrets to another king, their lands would be forfeited.

paragraph: The Hurrians's influence seems clear during Abba-El's reign, as he recalls the help given to him by the Hurrian Goddess Hebat.

paragraph: Section::::Death and Ancestors.

paragraph: Abba-El died in ca. 1720 BC and was succeeded by Yarim-Lim II, who most probably was his son; however, Moshe Weinfeld believes that Yarim-Lim II was the same as Yarim-Lim of Alalakh.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Abba-El I

wikipedia_title: Abba-El I


text:
Middle chronology
Yamhad
Halab
Aleppo
Abba-El I
Alalakh
Mari
Hadad
Yarim-Lim
Hammurabi I
Moshe Weinfeld
Niqmi-Epuh

paragraph: Yarim-Lim II

paragraph: Yarim-Lim II (reigned - Middle chronology ) was the king of Yamhad (Halab, Aleppo) succeeding his father Abba-El I

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Little of Aleppo has been excavated by archaeologists and knowledge about Yamhad and its kings mainly comes from tablets discovered at Alalakh and Mari. Little is known about Yarim-Lim II. His existence is confirmed by a seal inscription discovered at Alalakh, where he designates himself as son of Abba-El I and "beloved of the god Hadad". One of his ministers was Ini-Kubaba, known from his seal inscription found in Alalakh.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.:Identity.

paragraph: The identity of this king is under dispute: Abba-El I had a brother called Yarim-Lim to whom he gave the kingdom of Alalakh. The king of Alalakh mentions that he is the son of Hammurabi I, and Yarim-Lim II in his seal inscription mentions that he is the son of Abba-El I, however Moshe Weinfeld suggests that Yarim-Lim II of Yamhad is the same Yarim-Lim of Alalakh. He believes that the seal which mentions that Yarim-Lim was a son of Abba-El belonged to Yarim-Lim, son of Hammurabi I, and that the reason for mentioning that Yarim-Lim is the son of Abba-El I in the seal inscription is that Abba-El adopted his brother in order to create the legal base for installing him as king.

paragraph: This theory is hard to prove as there is no textual reference to any adoption and the fact that Yarim-lim's (the son of Hammurabi) installation on the throne of Alalakh happened long before the assumed adoption took place beside. There is also no need for an adoption to legitimize the grant of Alalakh to the king's brother.

paragraph: Section::::Death and Ancestors.

paragraph: Yarim-Lim II died ca. 1700 BC and was succeeded by his son Niqmi-Epuh

wikidata_label: Yarim-Lim II

wikipedia_title: Yarim-Lim II


text:
DD
MA
Anglican
Missionary
Bishop
author
Physician
Uppingham
St John’s College, Oxford
ordained
curacy
Strood, Kent
the incumbent
New Brompton
Bishop
Honolulu
Tonga

categories: 20th-century Anglican bishops,1836 births,1920 deaths,Anglican missionaries in Hawaii,People educated at Uppingham School,Alumni of St John's College, Oxford,Episcopal bishops of Hawaii

paragraph: Alfred Willis

paragraph: Alfred Willis, DD, MA (3 February 1836 – 14 November 1920) was an Anglican Missionary Bishop and author in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

paragraph: Born the son of a Physician, he was educated at Uppingham and St John’s College, Oxford and ordained in 1860. After a curacy in Strood, Kent he was the incumbent at St Mark, New Brompton from 1863 until his appointment as the second Bishop of Honolulu in 1872. He held this post for 30 years and retired to Tonga.

description: Anglican Bishop of Honolulu

wikidata_label: Alfred Willis

wikipedia_title: Alfred Willis


text:
poet
Song dynasty
poetry
Xuancheng
Anhui Province
style name
jinshi
civil service
Ouyang Xiu
shi
Tang dynasty
Neo-Confucian
Kenneth Rexroth
Chinese poetry
Song poetry
Classical Chinese poetry
Chinese literature
Culture of the Song Dynasty

categories: 11th-century Chinese poets,1060 deaths,People from Xuancheng,Song dynasty poets,1002 births,Poets from Anhui

paragraph: Mei Yaochen

paragraph: Mei Yaochen () (1002–1060) was a poet of the Song dynasty. He was one of the pioneers of the "new subjective" style of poetry which characterized Song poetry.

paragraph: Mei Yaochen was born in Xuancheng in present-day Anhui Province. His style name was 'Sheng Yu' (圣俞). He passed the jinshi exam in 1051 and had a career in the civil service, but was unsuccessful. He was a prolific poet, with around 3000 works extant; he was popularized as a poet by the younger Ouyang Xiu.

paragraph: Most of his works are in the "shi" form, but they are much freer in content than those of the Tang dynasty. His response to the impossibility of surpassing the Tang poets was to make a virtue of his lack of ambition; his ideal was 平淡 (pingdan), or the pedestrian. His early verses are often socio-critical, advocating reform along Neo-Confucian lines; later he turned to celebrations of ordinary life and verses mourning the deaths of his first wife and several of his children.

paragraph: An example is his poem translated into English by Kenneth Rexroth as "An Excuse for Not Returning the Visit of a Friend."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Song poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classical Chinese poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chinese literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Culture of the Song Dynasty

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui (辞海编辑委员会). Ci hai （辞海）. Shanghai: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she （上海辞书出版社）, 1979.

paragraph: Jonathan Chaves. MEI YAO-CH'EN AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY SUNG POETRY. New York: Columbia University Press. 1976.

description: poet

wikidata_label: Mei Yaochen

wikipedia_title: Mei Yaochen


text:
German
mathematician
+ and - symbols
Eger
Bohemia
University of Leipzig
Baccalaureus
Magister
German
Leipzig
Pforzheim
Hagenau
Augsburg
Leipzig
Adam Ries
Erfurt
M. Cantor

categories: German mathematicians,Leipzig University faculty,15th-century German mathematicians,15th-century Latin writers,People from Cheb,Year of death unknown,15th-century German writers,1460s births,Medieval German mathematicians,Algebraists

paragraph: Johannes Widmann

paragraph: Johannes Widmann (c. 1460 – after 1498) was a German mathematician. The + and - symbols first appeared in print in his book "Mercantile Arithmetic or Behende und hüpsche Rechenung auff allen Kauffmanschafft" published in Leipzig in 1489 in reference to surpluses and deficits in business problems.

paragraph: Born in Eger, Bohemia, Widmann attended the University of Leipzig in the 1480s. In 1482 he earned his "Baccalaureus" (Bachelor of Art degree) and in 1485 his "Magister" (doctorate).

paragraph: Widman published "Behende und hübsche Rechenung auff allen Kauffmanschafft" (German; i.e. Nimble and neat calculation in all trades), his work making use of the signs, in Leipzig in 1489. Further editions were published in Pforzheim, Hagenau, and Augsburg.

paragraph: Handwritten entries in a surviving collection show that after earning his "Magister" Widman announced holding lectures on e.g. calculating on the lines of a calculating board and on algebra. There is evidence that the lecture on algebra actually took place, making it the first known university lecture on this topic.

paragraph: Around 1495 Widmann published the Latin writings "Algorithmus integrorum cum probis annexis", "Algorithmus linealis", "Algorithmus minutiarum phisicarum", "Algorithmus minutiarum vulgarium", "Regula falsi apud philosophantes augmenti et decrementi appellata und Tractatus proportionum plusquam aureus".

paragraph: He died in Leipzig.

paragraph: When Adam Ries was in Erfurt between 1518 and 1522 he got to know Widmann's algebra lecture script (today in the Saxon State Library) wherefrom he took examples for his own writings.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbara Gärtner, "Johannes Widmanns „Behende und hübsche Rechenung“. Die Textsorte „Rechenbuch“ in der Frühen Neuzeit", Tübingen 2000. (Germanistische Linguistik. 222.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Cantor, "Vorlesungen über Geschichte der Mathematik" II (Leipzig, 1913), pp. 228s.

paragraph: BULLET::::- K. Fogel, "Merchants' aids in practical arithmetic from the Middle Ages" (Russian), Istor.-Mat. Issled. No. 23 (1978), pp. 235-249; 359.

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. Kaunzner and H. Wussing (eds.), "Adam Ries, Coss" (B.G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart, 1992).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Röttel, "Johannes Widmann – Am Wendepunkt der Mathematikgeschichte". In: Schatzkammer der Rechenkunst. Annaberg-Buchholz 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- K. Vogel," Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography" (New York 1970-1990).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Xaver Wilhelm, "Zur Biographie des Mathematikers Johann Widmann von Eger. In: Mitteilungen des Vereins für Geschichte der Deutschen in Böhmen", Volume 45 (1907), pp. 429–430.

description: German mathematician

wikidata_label: Johannes Widmann

wikipedia_title: Johannes Widmann


text: American football

text: kicker

text: college football

text: California Golden Bears

text: professional

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: Bend, Oregon

text: Bend High School

text: quarterback

text: baseball

text: third baseman

text: letters

text: University of California, Berkeley

text: football

text: varsity

text: punter

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: Super Bowl XXXII

text: field goal

text: extra point

text: Denver Broncos

text: Mason Crosby

text: free agent

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: Carolina Panthers

text: overtime

text: touchdown

text: pass

text: New York Giants

text: Brett Favre

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: Steven Hauschka

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Chris Jacke

text: Dave Rayner

text: Olympic

text: Michael Orr

text: Ryan Longwell at NFL.com

categories: Sportspeople from Seattle,Green Bay Packers players,American football placekickers,California Golden Bears football players,San Francisco 49ers players,Minnesota Vikings players,Sportspeople from Bend, Oregon,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Ryan Longwell

paragraph: Ryan Walker Longwell (born August 16, 1974), is a retired American football kicker. After playing college football for the California Golden Bears, he started his professional football career with the San Francisco 49ers, but never played a game for the franchise. He then played for the Green Bay Packers from 1997 to 2005. He played for the Minnesota Vikings from 2006 to 2011. He also played briefly for the Seattle Seahawks during the 2012 playoffs.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Longwell attended high school in Bend, Oregon, where he played high school football for Bend High School's Lava Bears. A three-year letter winner in football as a kicker, Longwell also was the team's back-up quarterback. He also played baseball as a third baseman, earning three letters in that sport. He earned all-conference honors in both sports.

paragraph: In 1993, he started college at the University of California, Berkeley where he played football and earned four varsity letters. At California he served as both a punter and placekicker for the team, earning all-conference honors in the Pac-10 his senior year as a punter and second team honors as a kicker. Longwell graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English.

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.:Green Bay Packers.

paragraph: Longwell was acquired by the Green Bay Packers off waivers from the San Francisco 49ers in 1997. With the Packers, Longwell played in Super Bowl XXXII, where he kicked one field goal and three extra points in their 31-24 loss to the Denver Broncos. He spent his first 9 seasons playing for the Packers, and scored over 120 points during 6 of those seasons. By the end of his 7th season in Green Bay, Longwell had passed Hall of Famer Don Hutson to become the Packers all-time leading scorer. And while Mason Crosby has since passed him, Longwell remains second on Green Bay’s all-time scoring list.

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.:Minnesota Vikings.

paragraph: Longwell signed a free agent contract with the Vikings in the 2006 offseason. In his second game with the Minnesota Vikings, Longwell had one of the best performances of his career. He was responsible for all 16 of the Vikings points in a 16-13 win over the Carolina Panthers, kicking three field goals (including the game-winning field goal in overtime) and throwing a 16-yard touchdown pass on a fake field goal play in the fourth quarter. In the 2008 season finale against the New York Giants, he kicked a 50-yard field goal with no time left to help the Vikings clinch the division in a 20-19 victory.

paragraph: During the 2010 offseason, Longwell, a close friend of Brett Favre, became a sort of unofficial spokesman for Favre, as the media frequently questioned him on whether Favre would return to the Vikings or retire. When Longwell picked Favre up at the airport in Minnesota on August 17, 2010, TV station helicopters followed Longwell's SUV all the way to Vikings headquarters.

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.:Seattle Seahawks and retirement.

paragraph: On January 8, 2013, Longwell was signed by the Seattle Seahawks after Steven Hauschka suffered a calf injury. On August 12, 2013, the Green Bay Packers announced that Longwell would retire as a Packer.

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.:Records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second leading scorer in Green Bay Packers history with 1054 points.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Has the second-most field goals in Green Bay Packers history with 226.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kicked third-longest field goal in Green Bay Packers history (54 yards - tied with Chris Jacke and Dave Rayner)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most points by a player who never made a pro bowl (1,687)

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Longwell is the cousin of 1992 and 1996 Olympic athlete Michael Orr. He is married to Sarah Longwell, and they have two children, Shaye and Reece.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of most consecutive starts and games played by National Football League players

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ryan Longwell at NFL.com

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Ryan Longwell

wikipedia_title: Ryan Longwell


text: South Africa

text: apartheid

text: Johannesburg

text: South Africa

text: parcel bomb

text: Mozambique

text: Jewish

text: Latvia

text: South African Communist Party

text: Johannesburg

text: African National Congress

text: Jeppe High School for Girls

text: Bachelor's degree

text: University of the Witwatersrand

text: Nelson Mandela

text: President

text: South Africa

text: Eduardo Mondlane

text: FRELIMO

text: Joe Slovo

text: Shawn

text: Gillian

text: Robyn

text: Treason Trial

text: Congress Alliance

text: Sharpeville massacre

text: London

text: Anti-Apartheid Movement

text: University of Manchester

text: University of Durham

text: Dar es Salaam

text: Maputo

text: Universidade Eduardo Mondlane

text: Maputo

text: Mozambique

text: Craig Williamson

text: South African Police

text: parcel bomb

text: Truth and Reconciliation Commission

text: Gillian Slovo

text: A World Apart

text: Shawn Slovo

text: Chris Menges

text: Barbara Hershey

text: Catch a Fire

text: Patrick Chamusso

text: Robyn Slovo

text: environmental patrol vessel

text: Gambia

text: Legendary Heroes of Africa

text: Marion Sparg

text: Gert Sibande

text: South African potato boycott

text: Ruth First Papers online

text: Ruth First Educational Trust

text: The First pan-African martyr

categories: South African communists,Jewish feminists,Assassinated South African politicians,1982 deaths,Assassinated Jews,Academics of Durham University,Deaths by letter bomb,Assassinated activists,White South African anti-apartheid activists,Jewish South African anti-apartheid activists,South African prisoners and detainees,South African feminists,People acquitted of treason,South African exiles,South African socialists,1925 births,Slovo family,South African Jews,South African people murdered abroad,South African people of Latvian-Jewish descent,Jewish socialists,South African women in politics,Prisoners and detainees of South Africa,People murdered in Mozambique,20th-century South African politicians,Members of the South African Communist Party

paragraph: Ruth First

paragraph: Ruth First (4 May 1925 – 17 August 1982) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and scholar born in Johannesburg, South Africa. She was killed by a parcel bomb addressed specifically to her in Mozambique, where she worked in exile from South Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Family and education.

paragraph: Ruth First's Jewish parents, Julius First and Matilda Levetan, emigrated to South Africa from Latvia in 1906 and became founding members of the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), the forerunner of the South African Communist Party (SACP). Ruth First was born in 1925 and brought up in Johannesburg. Like her parents, she joined the Communist Party, which was allied with the African National Congress in its struggle to overthrow the South African government.

paragraph: As a teenager, First attended Jeppe High School for Girls and then became the first person in her family to attend university. She received her Bachelor's degree from the University of the Witwatersrand in 1946. While she was at university she found that "on a South African campus, the student issues that matter are national issues". She was involved in the founding of the Federation of Progressive Students, also known as the Progressive Students League, and got to know, among other fellow students, Nelson Mandela, future President of South Africa, and Eduardo Mondlane, the first leader of the Mozambique freedom movement FRELIMO.

paragraph: After graduating, Ruth First worked as a research assistant for the Social Welfare Division of the Johannesburg City Council. In 1946, her position in the Communist Party was boosted significantly after a series of mine strikes during which leading members of the Party were arrested. First then became the editor-in-chief of the radical newspaper "The Guardian", which was subsequently banned by the state. In 1949 she married Joe Slovo, a South African anti-apartheid activist and Communist, with whom she had three daughters, Shawn, Gillian and Robyn.

paragraph: In addition to her work with "The Guardian" and its successors, in 1955 Ruth First assumed the position of editor of a radical political journal called "Fighting Talk". However, journalism was not the only outlet for her political activism against apartheid. First and her husband Slovo were also members of the African National Congress, in addition to the Communist Party. She also played an active role during the extensive riots of the 1950s.

paragraph: Section::::Treason trial and detention.

paragraph: Ruth First was one of the defendants in the Treason Trial of 1956-1961, alongside 156 other leading anti-apartheid activists who were key figures in the Congress Alliance. After the state of emergency that followed the Sharpeville massacre in 1960 she was listed and banned. She could not attend meetings or publish, and she could not be quoted. In 1963, during another government crackdown, she was imprisoned and held in isolation without charge for 117 days under the Ninety-Day Detention Law. She was the first white woman to be detained under this law.

paragraph: Section::::Exile and assassination.

paragraph: In March 1964 First went into exile in London, where she became active in the British Anti-Apartheid Movement. She was a Research Fellow at the University of Manchester in 1972, and between 1973 and 1978 she lectured in development studies at the University of Durham. She also spent periods on secondment at universities in Dar es Salaam and Lourenço Marques (Maputo).

paragraph: In November 1978, First took up the post of director of research at the Centre of African Studies (Centro de Estudos Africanos), Universidade Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo, Mozambique. She was assassinated by order of Craig Williamson, a major in the South African Police, on 17 August 1982, when she opened a parcel bomb that had been sent to the university. Bridget O'Laughlin, an anthropologist working with First, was in First's office when she was murdered, and testified to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

paragraph: Section::::Memoirs.

paragraph: First's book "117 Days" is her account of her arrest, imprisonment and interrogation by the South African Police Special Branch in 1963. It was first published in 1965. The memoir provides a detailed account of how she endured "isolation and sensory deprivation" while withstanding "pressure to provide information about her comrades to the Special Branch".

paragraph: Her daughter, the writer Gillian Slovo, published her own memoir, "Every Secret Thing: My Family, My Country", in 1997. It is an account of her childhood in South Africa and her relationship with her activist parents.

paragraph: Section::::Films.

paragraph: The film "A World Apart" (1988), which has a screenplay by her daughter Shawn Slovo and was directed by Chris Menges, is a biographical story about a young white girl living in South Africa with anti-apartheid activist parents, although the family is called Roth in the film. Barbara Hershey plays the character based on Ruth First.

paragraph: The film "Catch a Fire" (2006), about the activist Patrick Chamusso, was written by Shawn Slovo and Ruth First is portrayed in the film by another daughter, Robyn Slovo, who was also one of the film's producers.

paragraph: Section::::Patrol vessel.

paragraph: In 2005 the South African Ministry of the Environment launched an environmental patrol vessel named Ruth First.

paragraph: In March 2011, the country of Gambia issued a postage stamp in her honor, naming her as one of the Legendary Heroes of Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Main published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- with R. Segal,

paragraph: BULLET::::- coedited with J. Steele and C. Gurney,

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marion Sparg - female ANC guerilla sentenced to 25 years in prison for treason

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gert Sibande

paragraph: BULLET::::- South African potato boycott

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruth First Papers online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruth First papers at the University of London

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruth First Educational Trust provides opportunities for South African postgraduate students to study at Durham University.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The First pan-African martyr, "Mail & Guardian", Adekeye Adebajo, 25 August 2010

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruth First Jeppe High School for Girls Memorial Trust was set up in July 2010 and will award scholarships for full tuition at Jeppe High School for Girls for the duration of secondary school education. It is aimed at girls in Grade 7 that show characteristics of leadership, courage, determination and the ability to influence their community positively.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Remembering Ruth First, a woman with vision, passion, by Peter Vale, "The Daily Dispatch", 17 August 2012

description: South African politician

wikidata_label: Ruth First

wikipedia_title: Ruth First


text: cellular biologist

text: professor

text: politician

text: ecologist

text: Citizens Party

text: 1980 U.S. presidential election

text: Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963

text: Brooklyn

text: Jew

text: bachelor's degree

text: zoology

text: Columbia University

text: Harvard University

text: World War II

text: St. Louis

text: plant physiology

text: Washington University

text: Journal of Theoretical Biology

text: nuclear weapons testing

text: Baby Tooth Survey

text: Strontium 90

text: nuclear fallout

text: mimeograph

text: Environment

text: sustainability

text: eco-socialist

text: limits to growth

text: Paul R. Ehrlich

text: The Population Bomb

text: overpopulation

text: There is no such thing as a free lunch

text: socialism

text: Making Peace With the Planet

text: poverty

text: population growth

text: developing world

text: poverty

text: colonialism

text: Nathan Keyfitz

text: industrial capitalism

text: tropics

text: India and contraceptives

text: Inuit

text: Arctic

text: Nunavut

text: dioxin

text: United States

text: Harrisburg's incinerator

text: Time

text: Richard Nixon

text: State of the Union address

text: Paul Revere

text: Earth Day

text: Nixon administration

text: Environmental Protection Agency

text: Clean Air Act

text: Citizens Party

text: 1980 US election

text: La Donna Harris

text: Fred Harris

text: Ohio

text: Wretha Hanson

text: New York City

text: Queens College

text: Manhattan

text: St. Louis Walk of Fame

text: Viking

text: environmental hazards

text: Knopf

text: Random House

text: Making Peace With the Planet

text: Pantheon

text: Contemporary Authors

text: Gale

text: Who's Who in America

text: Key Participants: Barry Commoner

text: The New York Times

categories: American male non-fiction writers,United States Navy officers,American anti–nuclear weapons activists,Washington University in St. Louis faculty,American non-fiction environmental writers,1917 births,People associated with energy,Writers from Brooklyn,2012 deaths,Columbia University alumni,American technology writers,Writers from Missouri,American ecologists,20th-century American politicians,American political writers,Harvard University alumni,American environmentalists,Citizens Party (United States) politicians,Candidates in the 1980 United States presidential election

paragraph: Barry Commoner

paragraph: Barry Commoner (May 28, 1917 – September 30, 2012) was an American cellular biologist, college professor, and politician. He was a leading ecologist and among the founders of the modern environmental movement. He was the director of the Critical Genetics Project and the Center for Biology of Natural Systems. He ran as the Citizens Party candidate in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. His work studying the radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing led to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Commoner was born in Brooklyn, New York, on May 28, 1917, the son of Jewish immigrants from Russia. He received his bachelor's degree in zoology from Columbia University in 1937 and his master's and doctoral degrees from Harvard University in 1938 and 1941, respectively.

paragraph: Section::::Career in academia.

paragraph: After serving as a lieutenant in the Naval Air Force during World War II, Commoner moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and he became an associate editor for Science Illustrated from 1946 to 1947. He became a professor of plant physiology at Washington University in 1947 and taught there for 34 years. During this period, in 1966, he founded the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems to study "the science of the total environment".. Commoner was on the founding Editorial Board of the Journal of Theoretical Biology in 1961.

paragraph: In the late 1950s, Commoner became well known for his opposition to nuclear weapons testing, becoming part of the team which conducted the Baby Tooth Survey, demonstrating the presence of Strontium 90 in children's teeth as a direct result of nuclear fallout. In 1958, he helped found the Greater St. Louis Committee on Nuclear Information. Shortly thereafter, he established "Nuclear Information", a mimeographed newsletter published in his office, which later went on to become "Environment" magazine. Commoner went on to write several books about the negative ecological effects of atmospheric (i.e., above-ground) nuclear testing. In 1970 he received the International Humanist Award from the International Humanist and Ethical Union.

paragraph: Section::::Environmental books.

paragraph: Section::::Environmental books.:"The Closing Circle".

paragraph: In his 1971 bestselling book "The Closing Circle", Commoner suggested that the American economy should be restructured to conform to the unbending laws of ecology. For example, he argued that polluting products (like detergents or synthetic textiles) should be replaced with natural products (like soap or cotton and wool). This book was one of the first to bring the idea of sustainability to a mass audience. Commoner suggested a left-wing, eco-socialist response to the limits to growth thesis, postulating that capitalist technologies were chiefly responsible for environmental degradation, as opposed to population pressures. He had a long-running debate with Paul R. Ehrlich, author of "The Population Bomb" and his followers, arguing that they were too focused on overpopulation as the source of environmental problems, and that their proposed solutions were politically unacceptable because of the coercion that they implied, and because the cost would fall disproportionately on the poor. He believed that technological, and above all, social, development would lead to a natural decrease in both population growth and environmental damage.

paragraph: One of Commoner's lasting legacies is his four laws of ecology, as written in "The Closing Circle" in 1971. The four laws are:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "Everything is connected to everything else". There is one ecosphere for all living organisms and what affects one, affects all.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Everything must go somewhere". There is no "waste" in nature and there is no "away" to which things can be thrown.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Nature knows best". Humankind has fashioned technology to improve upon nature, but such change in a natural system is, says Commoner, "likely to be detrimental to that system"

paragraph: BULLET::::4. "There is no such thing as a free lunch". Exploitation of nature will inevitably involve the conversion of resources from useful to useless forms.

paragraph: Section::::Environmental books.:"The Poverty of Power".

paragraph: Commoner published another bestseller in 1976, "The Poverty of Power". In that book, he addressed the "three e's" that were plaguing the United States in the 1970s, the three e's being the environment, energy, and the economy. "First there was the threat to environmental survival; then there was the apparent shortage of energy; and now there is the unexpected decline of the economy." He argued that the three issues were interconnected: the industries that used the most energy had the highest negative impact on the environment. The focus on non-renewable resources as sources of energy meant that those resources were growing scarce, thus pushing up the price of energy and hurting the economy. Towards the book's end, Commoner suggested that the problem of the three e's is caused by the capitalistic system and can only be solved by replacing it with some sort of socialism.

paragraph: Section::::Environmental books.:"Making Peace with the Planet".

paragraph: In 1990, Commoner published "Making Peace With the Planet", an analysis of the ongoing environmental crisis in which he argues that the way we produce goods needs to be reconstrued.

paragraph: Section::::Poverty and population.

paragraph: Commoner examined the relationship between poverty and population growth, disagreeing with the way that relationship is often formulated. He argued that rapid population growth of the developing world is the result of its not having adequate living standards, observing that it is poverty that "initiates the rise in population" before leveling off, not the other way around. Developing countries were introduced to the living standards of developed nations, but were never able to fully adopt them, thus preventing these countries from advancing and thereby decreasing the rate of their population growth.

paragraph: Commoner maintained that developing countries are still "forgotten" to colonialism. These developing countries were, and economically remain, "colonies of more developed countries". Because Western nations introduced infrastructure developments such as roads, communications, engineering, and agricultural and medical services as a significant part of their exploitation of the developing nations' labor force and natural resources, the first step towards a "demographic transition" was met, but other stages were not achieved because the wealth created in developing countries was "shipped out", so to speak, to the colonizer nations, enabling the latter to achieve the more advanced "levels of demographic transition", while the colonies continued on without achieving the second stage, which is population balancing.

paragraph: "Thus colonialism involves a kind of demographic parasitism: the second population-balancing phase of the demographic transition in the advanced country is fed by suppression of that same phase in the colony".

paragraph: "As the wealth of the exploited nations was diverted to the more powerful ones, their power, and with it their capacity to exploit increased. The gap between the wealth of nations grew, as the rich were fed by the poor". This exploitation of resources extracted from developing nations, aside from its legality, led to an unforeseen problem: rapid population growth. The demographer, Nathan Keyfitz, concluded that, "the growth of industrial capitalism in the Western nations during the period 1800–1950 resulted in the development of a one-billion excess in the world population, largely in the tropics".

paragraph: This is evident in the study of India and contraceptives, in which family planning failed to reduce the birth rate because people felt that "in order to advance their economic situation", children were an economic necessity. The studies show that "population control in a country like India depends on the economically motivated desire to limit fertility".

paragraph: Commoner's solution is that wealthier nations need to help exploited or colonized countries develop and "achieve the level of welfare" that developed nations have. This is the only path to a balanced population in these developing countries. Commoner states that the only remedy for the world population crisis, which is the outcome of the abuse of poor nations by rich ones, is "returning to the poor countries enough of the wealth taken from them to give their peoples both the reason and the resources voluntarily to limit their own fertility".

paragraph: His conclusion is that poverty is the main cause of the population crisis. If the reason behind overpopulation in poor nations is the exploitation by rich nations made rich by that very exploitation, then the only way to end it is to "redistribute [the wealth], among nations and within them".

paragraph: Section::::2000 Dioxin Arctic study.

paragraph: In September 2000, a study published by the North American Commission on Environmental Cooperation, lead by Commoner, found that Inuit women in the Arctic in Nunavut, Canada were found to have high levels of dioxin in their breast milk. The study tracked the origin of the dioxins using computer models from the sources that produced it and found that the dioxin pollution in the Arctic originated from the United States. Out of 44,000 sources of dioxin polluters in the United States, they found that only 19 were contributing to greater than a third of the dioxin pollution in Nunavut. Out of these 19, Harrisburg's incinerator was found to be the top source of dioxin pollution.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: "Time" magazine introduced a section on the environment in their February 1970 issue, featuring articles on the "environmental crisis", and a quote from Richard Nixon's State of the Union address, calling it, "The great question of the '70s". Nixon said, "Shall we surrender to our surroundings or shall we make our peace with nature and begin to make reparations for the damage we have done to our air, to our land and to our water?"

paragraph: The magazine called Commoner, the "Paul Revere of ecology" for his work on the threats to life from the environmental consequences of fallout from nuclear tests and other pollutants of the water, soil, and air. "Time's" cover represented a "call to arms", to mobilize public opinion by appeals to conscience. The following month, the first Earth Day took place, which saw 20 million Americans demonstrating peacefully in favor of environmental reform, accompanied by several events held at university campuses across the US. The publications of Commoner are also considered influential in the decision of the Nixon administration in the following June to announce the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Clean Air Act of 1970.

paragraph: Section::::Political activism.

paragraph: In 1980, Commoner founded the Citizens Party to serve as a vehicle for his ecological message, and he ran for president of the United States in the 1980 US election. His vice presidential running mate was La Donna Harris, the Native-American wife of Fred Harris, a former Democratic senator from Oklahoma, although she was replaced on the ballot in Ohio by Wretha Hanson. His candidacy for president on the Citizens Party ticket won 233,052 votes (0.27 percent of the total).

paragraph: After his unsuccessful bid, Commoner returned to New York City and moved the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems to Queens College. He stepped down from that post in 2000. At the time of his death, Commoner was a senior scientist at Queens College.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: After serving in World War II, Commoner married the former Gloria Gordon, a St. Louis psychologist. They had two children, Frederic and Lucy Commoner, and one granddaughter. Following a divorce, in 1980 he married Lisa Feiner, whom he had met in the course of her work as a public-TV producer.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Commoner died on September 30, 2012, in Manhattan, New York.

paragraph: He was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.

paragraph: In 2015 the Center for Biology of Natural Systems at Queens College was renamed The Barry Commoner Center for Health and the Environment.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Science and Survival" (1966), New York: Viking - on "the uses of science and technology in relation to environmental hazards"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology" (1971), New York: Knopf .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Poverty of Power: Energy and the Economic Crisis" (1976), New York: Random House .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Politics of Energy" (1979), New York: Knopf .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Making Peace With the Planet" (1990), New York: Pantheon .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reports

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Long-range Air Transport of Dioxin from North American Sources to Ecologically Vulnerable Receptors in Nunavut, Arctic Canada", (2000), Commoner, Barry; Bartlett, Paul Woods; Eisl, Holger; Couchot, Kim; Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, Queens College, City University of New York, published by the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contemporary Authors" (2000). Detroit: Gale

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who's Who in America" (2004). Chicago: Marquis

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Key Participants: Barry Commoner - "Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement: A Documentary History"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Barry Commoner - Environmentalist", Flickr.com - Photo and conversation, from "The New York Times"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scientific American: Interview with Barry Commoner (June 23, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Times: Scientist, Candidate and Planet Earth's Lifeguard (October 1, 2012)

description: American biologist, college professor and eco-socialist

enwikiquote_title: Barry Commoner

wikidata_label: Barry Commoner

wikipedia_title: Barry Commoner


text:
fairy
Liza Lehmann
Nottingham
Jever
Oldenburg
Lower Saxony
Punch
St. Albans
Winnipeg
Fort Garry Hotel
Manitoba Parliament Building
Queen Victoria
Fred Penner
Thelma Cudlipp Grosvenor
Margaret Tempest
Cecil Leslie
Peggy Fortnum
Millicent Sowerby
Dorothy Burroughes
Thomas F. Dunhill
Karin Michaëlis
Rojan
Jan Karafiat
Emil Weiss
Charlotte Hough
Margaret Tarrant
Thomas F. Dunhill
Stuart Tresilian
Horn Book
Punch
Rose Fyleman
The Other Pages

categories: English children's writers,English women writers,Jewish women writers,Jewish poets,1957 deaths,English women poets,1877 births,English Jews,English Jewish writers

paragraph: Rose Fyleman

paragraph: Rose Amy Fyleman (1877–1957) was an English writer and poet, noted for her works on the fairy folk, for children. Her poem "There are fairies at the bottom of our garden" was set to music by English composer Liza Lehmann. Her Christmas carol "Lift your hidden faces", set to a French carol tune, was included in the Anglican hymnal "Songs of Praise" (1931) as well as in the Hutterian Brotherhood's "Songs of Light" (1977).

paragraph: Section::::Life and works.

paragraph: Rose Fyleman was born in Nottingham on 6 March 1877, the third child of John Feilmann and his wife, Emilie, née Loewenstein, who was of Russian extraction. Her father was in the lace trade, and his Jewish family originated in 1860 from Jever in the historical state of Oldenburg, currently Lower Saxony, Germany.

paragraph: As a young girl, Fyleman was educated at a private school, and at the age of nine first saw one of her compositions published in a local paper. Although she entered University College, Nottingham, she failed in the intermediate and was thus unable to pursue her ambition of becoming a schoolteacher. Despite this, Fyleman had a good singing voice, and therefore decided to study music. She studied singing in Paris, Berlin and finally at the Royal College of Music in London, where she received her diploma as associate of the Royal College of Music. She returned to Nottingham shortly afterward, where she taught signing and helped in her sister's school. Along with other members of her family, she anglicised the spelling of her name at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

paragraph: When she was forty, Fyleman sent her verses to "Punch" magazine and her first publication "There are Fairies at the Bottom of Our Garden" appeared in May 1917. The immense response from publishers prompted Fyleman to submit several other fairy poems. Her verses enjoyed tremendous success among readers and her first collection Fairies and Chimneys (1918) was reprinted more than twenty times over the next decade. During the 1920s and early 1930s Rose Fyleman published multiple verse collections, wrote drama for children, and for two years, edited the children's magazine Merry-Go-Round. Fyleman was also a skilled linguist who translated books from German, French and Italian.

paragraph: Rose Fyleman was one of the most successful children's writers of her generation and she saw much of her earlier poetry become proverbial. She died at a nursing home in St. Albans, Hertfordshire on 1 August 1957.

paragraph: Section::::Poem about Winnipeg.

paragraph: In December 1929, Rose Fyleman was invited to Winnipeg, Canada, as the guest speaker at a couple of women's clubs. She was staying at the Fort Garry Hotel, near the Manitoba Parliament Building on Broadway Ave. One evening, Rose and the president of one of the clubs decided to take a stroll to the parliament building, so that Rose could view the statue of Queen Victoria, located on its front lawn. It was such a beautiful winter evening that when they got back to the hotel, Rose was inspired to write a poem entitled "In Winnipeg at Christmas." The poem appeared in print soon after—on New Year's Day, 1930—in the British magazine "Punch". This poem is familiar to many inhabitants of Winnipeg, who were first exposed to it in school, and is often cited during the Christmas season. Fred Penner, a children's entertainer from Winnipeg, included it on his 1990 recording for Christmas, entitled "The Season."

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.:Juvenile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rainbow Cat and Other Stories", illustrations by Thelma Cudlipp Grosvenor, Methuen (London, England), 1922, Doran (New York, NY), 1923.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forty Good-Night Tales", illustrations by Thelma Cudlipp Grosvenor, Methuen (London, England), 1923, Doran (New York, NY), 1924.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Adventure Club", illustrations by A. H. Watson, Methuen (London, England), 1925, Doran (New York, NY), 1926.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Letty: A Study of a Child", illustrations by Lisl Hummel, Methuen (London, England), 1926, Doran (New York, NY), 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forty Good-Morning Tales", Methuen (London, England), 1926, Doran (New York, NY), 1929.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Twenty Tea-Time Tales", Methuen (London, England), 1929, published as "Tea Time Tales", Doubleday (New York, NY), 1930.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dolls' House", illustrations by Margaret Tempest, Methuen (London, England), 1930, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1931.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Katy Kruse Play Book", illustrations by Katy Kruse, McKay (Philadelphia, PA), 1930.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Strange Adventures of Captain Marwhopple", illustrations by Gertrude Lindsay, Methuen (London, England), 1931, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Easter Hare, and Other Stories", illustrations by Decie Merwin, Methuen (London, England), 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jeremy Quince, Lord Mayor of London", illustrations by Cecil Leslie, Cape (London, England), 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Princess Dances", illustrations by Cecil Leslie, Dent (London, England), 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Timothy's Conjuror", Methuen (London, England), 1942.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Timothy Boy Trust", illustrations by Marjorie Wratten, Methuen (London, England), 1944.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hob and Bob: A Tale of Two Goblins", illustrations by Charles Stewart, Hollis & Carter (London, England), 1944.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adventures with Benghazi", illustrations by Peggy Fortnum, Eyre & Spottiswoode (London, England), 1946.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Smith Family at the Seaside", Arnold (Leeds, England), 1947.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Smith Family in the Country", Arnold (Leeds, England), 1947.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Smith Family in Town", Arnold (Leeds, England), 1947.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nursery Stories", Evans (London, England), 1949.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lucy the Lamb", Eyre & Spottiswoode (London, England), 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neddy the Donkey", Eyre & Spottiswoode (London, England), 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sparrow and the Goat", Eyre & Spottiswoode (London, England), 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Starling and the Fox", Eyre & Spottiswoode (London, England), 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "White Flower", illustrations by M. E. Stewart, Arnold (Leeds, England), 1953.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.:Poetry; Juvenile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sunny Book", illustrations by Millicent Sowerby, Oxford University Press (London, England), 1918.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fairies and Chimneys", Methuen (London, England), 1918, Doran (New York, NY), 1920.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fairy Green", Methuen (London, England), 1919, Doran (New York, NY), 1923.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fairy Flute", Methuen (London, England), 1921, Doran (New York, NY), 1923.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Small Cruse", illustrations by Katy Kruse, Methuen (London, England), 1923.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rose Fyleman Fairy Book", Doran (New York, NY), 1923.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fairies and Friends", Methuen (London, England), 1925, Doran (New York, NY), 1926.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rose Fyleman Calendar", illustrations by Lisl Hummel, Methuen (London, England), 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (With others) "Joy Street Poems", Blackwell (Oxford, England), 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Princess Comes to Our Town", illustrations by Gertrude Lindsay, Methuen (London, England), 1927, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1928.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Editor) "Round the Mulberry Bush: Being a Book of Stories and Verses for Children", Dodd, Mead (New York, NY), 1928.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Old-Fashioned Girls, and Other Poems", illustrations by Ethel Everett, Methuen (London, England), 1928.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Garland of Rose's: Collected Poems of Rose Fyleman", illustrations by René Bull, Methuen (London, England), 1928.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gay Go Up", illustrations by Decie Merwin, Methuen (London, England), 1929, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1930.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fifty-One New Nursery Rhymes", illustrations by Dorothy Burroughes, Methuen (London, England), 1931, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (With Thomas F. Dunhill) "The Blue Rhyme Book" (text by Fyleman; music by Dunhill), Boosey-Methuen (London, England), 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Editor) "Sugar and Spice: A Collection of Nursery Rhymes, New and Old", illustrations by Janet Laura Scott, Whitman (Racine, WI), 1935.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Editor) "Here We Come A'Piping", illustrations by Irene Mountfort, four volumes, Blackwell (Oxford, England), 1936–37, one-volume edition, Stokes (New York, NY), 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Editor) "A'Piping Again", illustrations by Irene Mountfort, Blackwell (Oxford, England), 1936, Stokes (New York, NY), 1938.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Editor) "Bells Ringing: An Anthology of Verse for Young Children", illustrations by Irene Mountfort, Blackwell (Oxford, England), 1938, Stokes (New York, NY), 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Editor) "Pipe and Drum: An Anthology of Verse for Young Children", illustrations by Irene Mountfort, Blackwell (Oxford, England), 1939, Stokes (New York, NY), 1940.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Runabout Rhymes", illustrations by Margaret Tempest, Methuen (London, England), 1941.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Number Rhymes", Arnold (Leeds, England), 1946.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rhyme Book for Adam", Methuen (London, England), 1949.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Editor) "Over the Tree Tops: Nursery Rhymes from Many Lands", Blackwell (Oxford, England), 1949.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Fairy Went A-Marketing", illustrations by Jamichael Henterly, Dutton (New York, NY), 1986.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.:Plays; Juvenile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eight Little Plays for Children" (includes "Darby and Joan, The Fairy Riddle, Noughts and Crosses, The Weather Clerk, The Fairy and the Doll, Cabbages and Kings, In Arcady", and "Father Christmas"), Methuen (London, England), 1924, Doran (New York, NY), 1925.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seven Little Plays for Children" (includes "The Princess and the Pirate, The Mermaid, Peter Coffin, The Arm-Chair, Mother Goose's Party, The Coming of Father Christmas", and "The Butcher, the Baker, the Candlestick Maker"), Methuen (London, England), 1928.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nine New Plays for Children" (includes "The Whisker, The Moon, Cinderella "At Home," The Sampler, Three Naughty Imps, The Test, Sleeping Beauty, Father Christmas Comes to Supper", and "Surprise, the Imp"), illustrations by Eleanor L. Halsey, Nelson (New York, NY), 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Six Longer Plays for Children" (includes "Snow-White, Porridge, Pork-Pie Night, The Beat, The Gus-Plug", and "The Angry Brownies"), illustrations by Eleanor L. Halsey, Nelson (London, England), 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Magic Pencil, and Other Plays from My Tales" (includes "The Carpet of Truth, Captain Marwhopple, The Rhyming Prince, The Magic Pencil, The Chestnut Man, The Three Princesses, Troodle", and "A Legend of St. Nicholas"), Methuen (London, England), 1938.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Spanish Cloak", Methuen (London, England), 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Adaptor; with Will Grant) "Red-Riding Hood", music by Grant, Oxford University Press (Oxford, England), 1949.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.:Translations; Juvenile.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karin Michaëlis, "Bibi", illustrations by Hedvig Collin, Allen & Unwin (London, England), 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karin Michaëlis, "Bibi Goes Travelling", illustrations by Hedvig Collin, Allen & Unwin (London, England), 1934.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Widdy-Widdy-Wurkey: Nursery Rhymes from Many Lands", illustrations by Valerie Carrick, Blackwell (Oxford, England), 1934, published as "Picture Rhymes from Foreign Lands", Stokes (New York, NY), 1935, published as "Nursery Rhymes from Many Lands", Dover (New York, NY), 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karin Michaëlis, "Green Island", illustrations by Hedvig Collin, Allen & Unwin (London, England), 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lida, "Père Castor's Wild Animal Books", eight volumes, illustrations by Rojan, Allen & Unwin, 1937–42.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Karafiat, "Fireflies", illustrations by Emil Weiss, Allen & Unwin (London, England), 1942.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alfred Flueckiger, "Tuck: The Story of a Snow Hare", illustrations by Grace Huxtable, Lane (London, England), 1949.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marie-Louise Ventteclaye, "Simone and the Lilywhites", Museum Press (London, England), 1949.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lillian Miozzi, "The Adventures of Tommy, the Cat Who Went to Sea", illustrations by Charlotte Hough, Lane (London, England), 1950.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lily Martini, "Peter and His Friend Toby", illustrations by Wolfgang Felten, Lane (London, England), 1955.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.:Other.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Little Christmas Book", illustrations by Lisl Hummel, Methuen (London, England), 1926, Doran (New York, NY), 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Katy Kruse Dolly Book", illustrations by Katy Kruse, Doran (New York, NY), 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Translator) "Songs", Curwen (London, England), 1927.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Second Katy Kruse Dolly Book", Harrap (London, England), 1930.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hey! Ding-a-Ding", University of London Press (London, England), 1931.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rose Fyleman Birthday Book", illustrations by Muriel Dawson and Margaret Tarrant, Medici Society (London, England), 1932.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (With Thomas F. Dunhill) "Happy Families" (opera; produced in 1933), music by Dunhill, Methuen (London, England), 1933.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bears", illustrations by Stuart Tresilian, Nelson (New York, NY), 1935.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monkeys", Nelson (New York, NY), 1936.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (With E. M. D. Wilson) "Billy Monkey: A True Tale of a Capuchin", illustrations by Cecil Leslie, Nelson (London, England), 1936, Nelson (New York, NY), 1937.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Book of Saints: Joan of Arc to St. Nicholas", illustrations by Gertrude Mittelman, Methuen (London, England), 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Folk-Tales from Many Lands", Methuen (London, England), 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Translator) "After All" (play), Methuen (London, England), 1939.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Editor) "Let's Play", Grout (London, England), 1943.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Editor) "Punch and Judy", illustrations by Paul Henning, Methuen (London, England), 1944.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daphne and Dick: An Uncle from Canada", illustrations by Jeannetta Vise, Macdonald (London, England), 1952.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daphne and Dick: Round and About", illustrations by Jeannetta Vise, Macdonald (London, England), 1952.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Founding editor, "The Merry-Go-Round", 1923–24.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contributor to periodicals, including "Horn Book" and "Punch".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rose Fyleman, Online Books page with links to editions of 3 of her works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Other Pages, selected poems

paragraph: BULLET::::- , Side Portrait of Rose A. Fyleman

description: British writer

enwikiquote_title: Rose Fyleman

wikidata_label: Rose Fyleman

wikipedia_title: Rose Fyleman


text:
Italian
Baroque
Foligno
Rome
Foligno
Guido Reni
Palazzo Pierantoni
Palazzo De Comitibus
Bevagna
San Giovanni Decollato
Gubbio
Church of San Giacomo (Foligno)

categories: 1604 births,Italian male painters,17th-century Italian painters,1655 deaths,Umbrian painters,Italian Baroque painters

paragraph: Giovanni Battista Michelini

paragraph: Giovanni Battista Michelini (also called "il Folignate") (1604–1655) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Foligno and Rome. He was born in Foligno, but became a pupil of Guido Reni. He painted mainly religious and mythological subjects.

paragraph: Section::::Known works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hall of Cupid", "Hall of Apollo": two frescoed rooms in the Palazzo Pierantoni in Foligno

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Foundation of Foligno: frescoed ceiling in the Palazzo De Comitibus, Foligno

paragraph: BULLET::::- an ensemble of large allegorical frescoes, in the church of S. Filippo, Bevagna

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madonna and Child with St. Elysius" (oil on canvas): Foligno, church of San Giovanni Decollato

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Holy Family", "St. Catherine", and an "Immaculate Conception": all three works in Foligno, monastery of Santa Caterina

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Madonna and child with saints" (oil on canvas): Gubbio, church of Sant' Francesco della Pace

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scenes from the life of San Filippo Benizi" (damaged frescoes in the lower arcade of the cloister of the Church of San Giacomo (Foligno)

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Giovanni Battista Michelini

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Battista Michelini


text: Major League Baseball

text: pitcher

text: Detroit Tigers

text: New York Yankees

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Seattle Mariners

text: Jered Weaver

text: Simi Valley High School

text: Simi Valley, California

text: California State University, Fresno

text: Oakland Athletics

text: John-Ford Griffin

text: Jason Arnold

text: Ted Lilly

text: 2003 World Series

text: walk-off home run

text: Álex González

text: Kevin Brown

text: ERA

text: WHIP

text: strikeout

text: inning

text: Jered Weaver

text: minor leaguer

text: Terry Evans

text: pinch hitter

text: Busch Stadium

text: Sports Illustrated

text: National League Central Division

text: National League Division Series

text: National League Championship Series

text: New York Mets

text: home run

text: center fielder

text: Carlos Beltrán

text: hits

text: 2006 World Series

text: Detroit Tigers

text: Seattle Mariners

text: disabled list

text: Pittsburgh Pirates

text: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Cleveland Indians

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: Albuquerque Isotopes

text: San Diego Padres

text: Arizona Diamondbacks

text: Los Angeles Angels

text: Jered Weaver

text: Andy

text: Alan Benes

text: 2009 National League Division Series

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Colorado Rockies

text: Oaks Christian School

text: Royce Clayton

text: Baseball Almanac

categories: Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in baseball,Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics,Toledo Mud Hens players,Albuquerque Isotopes players,Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players,Sportspeople from Ventura County, California,Fresno State Bulldogs baseball players,Olympic baseball players of the United States,Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino players,Jamestown Jammers players,West Michigan Whitecaps players,Detroit Tigers players,Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players,New York Yankees players,Baseball players from California,Los Angeles Dodgers players,St. Louis Cardinals players,Baseball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics,Sportspeople from Los Angeles,Seattle Mariners players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Nashville Sounds players,1976 births,Jacksonville Suns players,People from Simi Valley, California

paragraph: Jeff Weaver

paragraph: Jeffrey Charles Weaver (born August 22, 1976) is a former right-handed Major League Baseball pitcher. During his career, he pitched for the Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees, Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, St. Louis Cardinals, and Seattle Mariners. He is the older brother of fellow MLB pitcher Jered Weaver.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: Weaver, a graduate of Simi Valley High School in Simi Valley, California, attended California State University, Fresno to play for the Bulldogs. He was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the first round of the amateur draft, and made his Major League debut a year later. He was the Detroit Tigers Opening Day starter in and . In the 2002 season, he was traded to the New York Yankees in a three team deal that also involved the Oakland Athletics and Yankees prospects John-Ford Griffin, Jason Arnold, and Ted Lilly.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Yankees.

paragraph: Weaver's time with the Yankees was very turbulent, bouncing in and out of the starting rotation. In Game 4 of the 2003 World Series, he allowed a 12th inning walk-off home run to Álex González.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: Following the 2003 season the Yankees traded Weaver to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Kevin Brown.

paragraph: In , he went 14-11, with a 4.22 ERA, a 1.17 WHIP, 3 complete games and a career-high 157 strikeouts in 224 innings. Following the 2005 season, Weaver filed for free agency. The Dodgers offered him salary arbitration, but the two sides were unable to reach an agreement.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

paragraph: On February 15, 2006, Weaver signed a 1-year deal with the Angels for $8.5 million. After posting a 3-10 record with a 6.29 ERA in Anaheim, he was designated for assignment on June 30. In a bit of a coincidence, his younger brother, Jered Weaver, was recalled from the minor leagues and replaced Jeff in the starting rotation.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:St. Louis Cardinals.

paragraph: On July 5, 2006, the St. Louis Cardinals acquired Weaver from the Angels in exchange for minor leaguer Terry Evans and cash considerations. He debuted with the team as a pinch hitter in a 14-inning game between the Cardinals and Dodgers on July 13, 2006, at Busch Stadium.

paragraph: Jered and Jeff both appeared in the September 11, 2006, issue of "Sports Illustrated" that chronicled how Jeff Weaver's trade impacted Jeff and Jered both baseball-wise and in life away from the game. The younger Weaver was disappointed that his brother left without being around to see him make history by winning his first 9 career decisions.

paragraph: After yielding six runs in four innings in his first start, Weaver played a key role in the Cardinals World Series win. He won important games for the Cardinals in the final weeks of the season, helping them win the National League Central Division, and he started and won Game 2 of the 2006 National League Division Series. Weaver started and was the losing pitcher for Game 1 of the National League Championship Series against the New York Mets on October 12, 2006. He pitched five scoreless innings before giving up a two-run home run to Mets center fielder Carlos Beltrán in the sixth inning; as the Cards lost 2-0.

paragraph: In Game 5 of the National League Championship Series on October 17, 2006, Weaver pitched 6 innings allowing 2 runs on 6 hits, winning his second game of the 2006 postseason.

paragraph: After losing Game 2 of the 2006 World Series to the Detroit Tigers, Weaver came back on October 27, 2006, in Game 5 to pitch 8 innings, giving up 4 hits and 1 earned run. He was credited with the win as the Cardinals clinched the series 4-1.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Mariners.

paragraph: On January 26, 2007, the Seattle Mariners signed Weaver as a free agent to a one-year deal worth $8–9 million. Weaver had a 14.32 ERA with only 22 innings pitched after six starts and was placed on the 15-day disabled list with "right shoulder tendinitis". It was speculated that this was a strategic move by the team to allow Weaver to take some time off and make a series of "Rehab" starts with a minor league affiliate. The hope was that he would be able to work out his problems without adversely impacting the Major League ball club; it seemed to work as Weaver pitched more effectively after his return. On June 20 versus the Pittsburgh Pirates, Weaver posted a 4-hit, complete game, 7–0 shutout, which was his first win with Seattle. Although he pitched well in July and August, he finished with a 7–13 record and 6.20 ERA and became a free agent after the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Back in the minors.

paragraph: On April 15, 2008, Weaver signed a minor league deal with the Milwaukee Brewers. However, after pitching in just nine minor league games, Weaver requested and was granted a release from his contract. On July 5, Weaver signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians, but did not appear in the majors with them, spending the rest of the season in AAA with the Buffalo Bisons.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Return to the Dodgers.

paragraph: He signed a minor-league deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers in February 2009 and was assigned to the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes. After a few appearances with the Isotopes, Weaver was recalled to the Dodgers on April 30 and he pitched four scoreless innings of relief against the San Diego Padres, his first appearance in a Major League game since 2007. He made his first start of 2009 vs. the Arizona Diamondbacks on May 5 and allowed one run and struck out six in five innings.

paragraph: On June 20, 2009, Jeff Weaver started for the Dodgers against the Los Angeles Angels. The opposing starter was his younger brother Jered Weaver. This was the first pitching matchup between brothers since 2002 when Andy and Alan Benes matched up and only the 15th such game since 1967. The Dodgers won 6-4, with Jeff getting the win and Jered taking the loss.

paragraph: On October 7, 2009, Weaver was the winning pitcher in Game One of the 2009 National League Division Series between the Dodgers and his former team, the St. Louis Cardinals. It was the fourth post-season victory of his career. Weaver returned to the Dodgers for the 2010 season on another minor league contract. He once more made the opening day roster as a reliever.

paragraph: On May 7, 2010, Weaver picked up his 100th career victory in a relief outing against the Colorado Rockies. He appeared in 43 games with the Dodgers in 2010, all in relief, and finished 5-1 with a 6.09 ERA.

paragraph: Section::::Post-baseball career.

paragraph: Section::::Post-baseball career.:Oaks Christian School.

paragraph: On September 28, 2016, Weaver was hired as the pitching coach for the Oaks Christian School varsity baseball team to work alongside head coach Royce Clayton.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball Almanac

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Jeff Weaver

wikipedia_title: Jeff Weaver