text:
Alexander
Princes Street
Patrick
James
Jane
Daniel Terry
Portland Place
Royal Academy
Royal Society of British Artists
Royal Hibernian Academy
Royal Scottish Academy
British Institution
Charlotte
Regent Street
Charles Richardson
steam hammer
Hartwell House
Anglesey House

categories: 19th-century British women artists,19th-century Scottish painters,1874 deaths,Artists from Edinburgh,1798 births,Scottish women painters

paragraph: Anne Nasmyth

paragraph: Anne Gibson Nasmyth or Anne Bennett (13 November 1798 – 28 January 1874) was a teacher and a painter from the artistic Nasmyth family of Edinburgh. She was not the most exhibited daughter but has been considered the "best painter in this talented family". After the death of her parents her house in Putney became the centre of her extended Nasmyth family.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Nasmyth was born on 13 November 1798 to Alexander and Barbara (née Foulis) Nasmyth in Princes Street in Edinburgh. Her father was an engineer and a very successful artist who was taking on commissions not only for paintings but also for theatre scenery in both Edinburgh and London. The family operated a painting school in Edinburgh and in time a school in London. She was one of eleven children who were taught to draw and paint by their father. Alexander was keen that their daughters would be able to contribute to the family business and to be independent. Two of her brothers, Patrick and James painted but James was also a notable inventor and engineer. Anne and five of her sisters became notable painters.

paragraph: The Nasmyth painting school in Edinburgh was managed by the six sisters with the eldest, Jane, taking the lead. The school attracted young women and they were taught to paint and they would be taken on sketching trips to picturesque spots.

paragraph: Her sister Elizabeth was married to the actor Daniel Terry and he died in 1829. The same year Anne began to help with classes in London at her sister, Elizabeth's house in Portland Place. In 1831 Anne spent time with her brothers, James and George, as they started out in their careers as engineers in Manchester. Here she met an engineer named William Bennett.

paragraph: Anne was not as productive at exhibiting her work as her other sisters but she did exhibit a painting at the Royal Academy, Royal Society of British Artists, Royal Hibernian Academy, Royal Scottish Academy and the British Institution.

paragraph: Her paintings were of the Scottish countryside frequently including harsh weather. Her "A.Nasmyth" or "Anne Nasmyth" works also included in her repertoire pictures of flowers and gardens.

paragraph: In 1836 Anne and her sisters Jane and Charlotte had a flat in Regent Street in London.

paragraph: Elizabeth remarried, Charles Richardson, in 1835. She continued to teach at Elizabeth's house until 1838 when she married William Bennett in St Pancras church. They went to Italy for their honeymoon and set up their home in Salford. William Bennett ensured her brother's fortune when he lent him the money to patent his steam hammer.

paragraph: In 1840 her father died and her mother and unmarried sisters moved out.

paragraph: In 1851 Anne and William moved to Putney in London. Their house in Charlwood Road became a new social centre for the extended Nasmyth family. Anne's mother had died in 1847 and all of her unmarried sisters moved to Putney. In fact at one point Elizabeth and her husband also moved to live locally so all of the sisters were again living closely together.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: William died in 1866 and he was buried in a cemetery in Putney that would in time contain four of Anne's sisters and Anne herself after she died on 28 January 1874.

paragraph: Some of Anne's paintings are owned by the National Trust. There are paintings at Hartwell House and Anglesey House. Anne is considered to be the "best painter in the Nasmyth family".

alias:
Anne Gibson Nasmyth
Anne Gibson Bennett
Ann Gibson Bennett
Anne Gibson
Mrs. William Bennett
Bennett Nasmyth
Anne G. Nasmyth
Miss Nasmyth
Miss A.G. Nasmyth

description: Scottish artist

wikidata_label: Anne Nasmyth

wikipedia_title: Anne Nasmyth


text:
geographer
explorer
mountaineer
diplomat
glaciologist
lectures
expeditions
Karakoram Mountains
British India
Schiedam
restaurant
Switzerland
alpinism
Alps
Jenny Hooft
Caucasus
Russia
Stockholm
Finland
Switzerland
Arabian peninsula
Sven Hedin
Karakoram
Asia
Karakoram
British India
Tibet
Central Asia
Saser Muztagh
Hunza State
Lex Sillem
Karakoram
Kashgar
Yarkand
alpinists
glaciers
flora
Sinkiang
scientific
reports
glaciology
population
meteorology
newspapers
British India
Calcutta
Simla
Nepal
Istanbul, Turkey
South Africa
Moscow
Table Mountain
heart failure
english
English
Philips Visser Biography (Dutch)

categories: Dutch diplomats,1882 births,Dutch explorers,1955 deaths

paragraph: Philips Christiaan Visser

paragraph: Philips Christiaan Visser (May 8, 1882 – May 3, 1955) was a Dutch geographer, explorer, mountaineer, diplomat and glaciologist. Visser was mostly known for his travel reports and lectures about his expeditions to the Karakoram Mountains in the far north of then British India.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Visser was born on May 8 1882 in Schiedam, where his father was the owner of a small restaurant. After completing the HBS, he followed a trade education and became a partner in this company. After a trip to Switzerland, Visser became fascinated by high mountains and alpinism. He climbed several peaks in the Alps and wrote a book about nature and topography of the high mountain, which for the first time proved his talent for writing. In 1912, he married Jenny Hooft, who shared his fascination with the mountains.

paragraph: Section::::Expeditions.

paragraph: Section::::Expeditions.:Early years.

paragraph: The couple undertook an expedition to the Caucasus in 1914 to return to Russia after the outbreak of the First World War. Back in the Netherlands, Visser gave lectures on his journey. In 1916 a second trip to Russia followed. After the war, Visser worked as an attaché in the Dutch parish in Stockholm in 1919. He was able to explore Finland in the following years, to make another trip to Switzerland and to visit the Arabian peninsula. In Stockholm, he met the well-known Swedish explorer Sven Hedin and discovered the idea of exploring the Karakoram. This mountain in the middle of Asia was still largely empty on maps. This fantasized Visser.

paragraph: Visser and his wife organized four expeditions to Karakoram between 1922 and 1935, which at that time formed the inhospitable border between British India, Tibet and Central Asia. The couple was accompanied by the Swiss mountain guides Franz Lochmatter and Johann Brantschen. During the first expedition in 1922, on eastern part of the mountain, around the Saser Muztagh, was explored by the group.

paragraph: With the same participants, a second expedition followed between November 1924 and January 1926, to the area north of the Great Karakoram, which at the time belonged largely to the Hunza State. To investigate the animal world, biologist Lex Sillem was part of the third Karakoram expedition of the Fishermen (between February 1929 and January 1931). During this expedition, Sinkiang was overwhelmed by visiting Kashgar and Yarkand.

paragraph: The expeditions performed pioneering work for later alpinists in the Karakoram. One expedition that climbed some lower peaks and explored the routes that would be used by later climbers to clamp the eight-thousand-one in the area. With the help of Afraz Ghul Khan and Muhammad Akram of the Survey of India, the extremely inhospitable Karakoram was accurately mapped. Visser studied the location, shape and flow of the glaciers while his wife documented the local flora.

paragraph: Visser findings found that the Karakoram glaciers hold the middle between those in the Alps, which originate in firnbekkens, and those in the Pamir (Sinkiang and Russian Turkestan), which are mainly fed out of avalanches. This as the first time these glaciers were ever mapped.

paragraph: Section::::Expeditions.:Karakoram expedition findings and reports.

paragraph: Back in the Netherlands, work was started on detailed scientific expedition reports published in different volumes between 1923 and 1940. Besides glaciology, Philips Visser also took account of scientific dissertations on the population and meteorology of the area. In addition, he gave lectures and wrote articles in newspapers, giving the couple publicity.

paragraph: Following the third Karakoram expedition, Visser was appointed Dutch council in British India in 1931. For this work, he moved back and forth between Calcutta (the winter capital) and Simla (the summer capital of British India). In 1932, the Fishermen received the unique opportunity to visit Nepal, a kingdom that was still strictly closed for European travelers at that time. In 1933, they traveled to Dutch-Indie on behalf of the Dutch government. In the summer of 1935 a fourth Karakoram expedition followed and in 1937 a trip to Dutch-India was made again.

paragraph: Section::::Diplomacy career.

paragraph: In 1938, Visser was appointed ambassador to Istanbul, Turkey. In 1945, Visser was transferred to South Africa, where he also served as an envoy. Between 1948 and his retirement in 1950 he was still a Dutch ambassador to Moscow.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and death.

paragraph: Even in his later years Visser remained active in his diplomacy and mountaineering career. In 1949 he climbed the Table Mountain and visited the Drakens Mountain. On May 3, 1955 Visser died of heart failure in his sleep at the age of 76.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1939, a year after he began his diplomatic career, his first wife Jenny Hooft died. This was a huge loss for Visser who later said: "Ze was mijn beste vriend, ik zal haar nooit vergeten" or in english "She was my best friend - I will never forget her". Nevertheless he remarried Cornelie Alexine de Graeff in 1941. The couple had three children together.

paragraph: Section::::Notable publishings.

paragraph: Section::::Notable publishings.:Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naar onbekend Midden-Azië" (1926) (English: To Unknown Central Asia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naar Himalaya en Karakorum" (1923) (English: To Himalayas and Karakorum)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Langs de noordelijke flanken van den Karakorum" (1936) (English: Around the Northern flank of Karakoram)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philips Visser Biography (Dutch)

description: Dutch writer (1882-1955)

wikidata_label: Philips Visser

wikipedia_title: Philips Christiaan Visser


text:
Calvinist
Königsberg
Leipzig
Wittenberg
Emperor Charles V
Grand Duke of Lithuania
Livonia
Hetman
Ivan IV 'the Terrible'
Baltic Sea
Great Chancellor of Lithuania
Lithuania
Elder of Samogitia
Grand Marshal of Lithuania
Sigulda
Riga
Union
Catholicism
Calvinist
Krakow
Marcin Zborowski
castellan
Trakai
Jan Karol
Vilnius Cathedral
Krystyna Zborowska
Jastrzębiec
Marcin Zborowski
Abdank
Zofia Lanckorońska
Zadora
Aleksander Chodkiewicz
voivode of Troki
Dębno
voivode of Podole
Jan Sienieński
Konstanty Korniakt
Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
voivode of Wilno
Hetman
Zofia Mielecka
Gryf
voivode of Podole
Mikołaj Mielecki
Elżbieta Radziwiłł
Trąby
Anna Alojza Ostrogska
Ostrogski
voivode
Wołyń
Aleksander Ostrogski
Anna Kostka
Dąbrowa
Grand Marshal of Lithuania
Leliwa
Joachim Korecki
Pogoń Litewska
Adam Wiśniowiecki
Korybut
castelan
Nowogródek
Samuel Wołłowicz
Bogorya
House of Chodkiewicz
Lithuanian nobility
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Genealogy of Chodkiewicz family.
Full interactive family tree

categories: 1579 deaths,Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism,Polish Counts of the Holy Roman Empire,Leipzig University alumni,University of Wittenberg alumni,Hetmans,Polish Roman Catholics,Polish nobility,1537 births,Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,University of Königsberg alumni,Lithuanian Roman Catholics,Chodkiewicz family,People from Livonia,Burials at Vilnius Cathedral,16th-century Lithuanian people,16th-century Polish people

paragraph: Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was one of the most famous Polish-Lithuanian magnates of the 16th century. Raised a Calvinist he studied at the Universities of Königsberg, Leipzig, and Wittenberg, and entered in the service of Emperor Charles V from 1552 to 1555. After that he entered the service of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. In 1558 Jan Chodkiewicz was made Livonia Hetman and sent to defend Livonia against Tsar Ivan IV 'the Terrible' who was trying to enforce a passage to the Baltic Sea. With the help of Michael Radziwiłł, Great Chancellor of Lithuania, he succeeded in attaching Livonia to Lithuania. But this territory remained for long the main target of Russian attacks. In 1564 he became Elder of Samogitia, in 1566 Grand Marshal of Lithuania and governor of Livonia (1566–78, with headquarter at Sigulda near Riga), and in 1574 Castellan of Vilnius.

paragraph: As his uncle he was a strong opponent to the Union of Lithuania with Poland. The Lithuanian delegation to the meetings preparing the Act of Union between Poland and Lithuania was led by Jan, who insisted in a long impassioned speech on the equality and independence of the two nations. Finally ""bowing to the king's power, he pointed out those parts of the Act of Union which were unacceptable to Lithuania and he stated that he yielded to the King's will only with the deepest sorrow"". In practice the Union of Lublin in 1589 made sure that the Grand Duchy of Lithuania retained its own form of government and separate laws until the end of the joint state in 1795.

paragraph: In 1570 Jan Hieronimowicz converted to Catholicism and became a great benefactor of the Jesuits.

paragraph: He married the Calvinist Krystyna Zborowska before 1559 in Krakow, daughter of Marcin Zborowski, castellan of Krakow, and Anna Konarska. She remained Calvinist despite his conversion and raised some of their daughters in that religion despite their father's will.

paragraph: They had issue: Hieronim was born at Vilnius in 1559; Aleksander at Trakai in 1560; Jan Karol at Vilnius in 1560-61; Anna at Vilnius in 1562; Zofia at Vilnius in 1564, Elzbieta at Vilnius in 1568; and Aleksandra at Vilnius in 1576.

paragraph: He died on 4 August 1579 and was buried in Vilnius Cathedral.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Jan Hieronim married Krystyna Zborowska h. Jastrzębiec (c. 1540-1588), daughter of Marcin Zborowski h. Jastrzębiec and Anna Konarska h. Abdank, the daughter of Stanisław Konarski h. Abdank and Zofia Lanckorońska h. Zadora, in 1559, and had seven children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aleksander Chodkiewicz (1560-1626), voivode of Troki, married Eufemia Sienieńska h. Dębno, the daughter of voivode of Podole Jan Sienieński h. Dębno and Katarzyna Korniakt h. Krucyni, the daughter of Konstanty Korniakt h. Krucyni

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (1561-1621), voivode of Wilno and Hetman, married Zofia Mielecka h. Gryf, the daughter of voivode of Podole and Hetman Mikołaj Mielecki h. Gryf and Princess Elżbieta Radziwiłł h. Trąby. His second wife was Princess Anna Alojza Ostrogska h. Ostrogski, the daughter of voivode of Wołyń Prince Aleksander Ostrogski h. Ostrogski and Anna Kostka h. Dąbrowa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hieronim Chodkiewicz (died 1576), unmarried

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zofia Chodkiewicz (died 1576), married Grand Marshal of Lithuania Krzysztof Drohostajski h. Leliwa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Chodkiewicz (died 1626), married Prince Joachim Korecki h. Pogoń Litewska

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aleksandara Chodkiewicz, married Prince Adam Wiśniowiecki h. Korybut

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elżbieta Chodkiewicz, married Prince Jan Żyliński and castelan of Nowogródek Samuel Wołłowicz h. Bogorya

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Chodkiewicz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lithuanian nobility

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Duchy of Lithuania

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Danuta Bogdan, Students of the Republic at the University of Königsberg, in Królewice and Poland, Olsztyn 1993, p 82.

paragraph: Leszek Kieniewicz the Senate for the Stefan Batory Foundation, Warsaw 2000, p 299.

paragraph: Joseph Janowski: Jan Chodkiewicz Hieronimowicz. In: Polish Biographical Dictionary . T. 3: Brozek Jan – Chwalczewski Francis. Cracow : Polish Academy of Learning – Main Ingredients in bookstores Gebethner and Wolff, 1937, pp. 361–363. Reprint: Department of National Theatre. Ossolińskich, Kraków 1989, .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogy of Chodkiewicz family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Full interactive family tree .

wikipedia_title: Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz


text:
American football
linebacker
National Football League
Dallas Cowboys
New Orleans Saints
college football
linebacker
University of Michigan
Cleveland, Ohio
John Marshall High School
University of Michigan
Michigan Wolverines football
defensive end
linebacker
Illinois
1968 Michigan Wolverines football team
AP Poll
Big Ten
Dallas Cowboys
1969 NFL Draft
middle linebacker
Lee Roy Jordan
Super Bowl VI
1972
New Orleans Saints
Harvey Martin
1972 season
1973
Houston Oilers
Dave Parks
Edd Hargett
Ron Billingsley
Kent Nix
Houston Oilers
Chaparral High School
Scottsdale, Arizona

categories: Michigan Wolverines football players,Dallas Cowboys players,Living people,Players of American football from Ohio,American football linebackers,1946 births,Houston Oilers players,High school football coaches in the United States,New Orleans Saints players,Sportspeople from Cleveland

paragraph: Tom Stincic

paragraph: Thomas Dorn Stincic (born November 24, 1946) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and New Orleans Saints. He played college football, principally as a linebacker, at the University of Michigan from 1966 to 1968.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: A native of Cleveland, Ohio, Stincic attended John Marshall High School.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Stincic enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1965 and played football for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1966 to 1968. From the start he was recognized for his leadership qualities. As a sophomore in 1966, he saw limited action in four games.

paragraph: As a junior in 1967, Stincic started two games at defensive end and four games at linebacker. He had a career-high ten tackles against Illinois.

paragraph: As a senior, he totaled 55 tackles and 47 assists as a starting linebacker for the 1968 Michigan Wolverines football team that compiled an 8-2 record and finished ranked No. 12 in the final AP Poll. He received All-Big Ten honors in both 1967 and 1968.

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: Stincic was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round (68th overall pick) of the 1969 NFL Draft. He spent three seasons serving as the backup to middle linebacker Lee Roy Jordan, appearing in 35 games, and playing with the Super Bowl VI championship team.

paragraph: After three years as a backup in Dallas, he asked to be traded and was sent in July 1972 to the New Orleans Saints in exchange for a third-round draft choice (#53-Harvey Martin).

paragraph: Section::::Professional football.:New Orleans Saints.

paragraph: Stincic appeared in seven games, four as a starter, for the Saints during the 1972 season. In March 1973, Stincic was traded to the Houston Oilers along with Dave Parks and Edd Hargett, in exchange for Ron Billingsley and Kent Nix.

paragraph: He decided to retire after not reaching a contract agreement with the Houston Oilers.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Stincic coached high school football and taught social studies and science at Chaparral High School in Scottsdale, Arizona in the 1980s, including coaching the football team to the state playoffs in 1985.

paragraph: Stincic also taught science at Mountain View High School in Mesa, Arizona in the 2000’s.

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Tom Stincic

wikipedia_title: Tom Stincic


text:
troubadour
Sarlat
Périgord
Fourth Crusade
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Boniface of Montferrat
Alfonso IX of León
Lombardy
cansos
tenso
descort
sirventes
Crusade song
refrain
coblas capfinidas
vida
minstrel
Romania
trobairitz
Ysabella
Ruiz Díaz de Coneros
Conon de Béthune
trouvère
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
Bolognese
Rambertino Buvalelli
Beatrice d'Este
Azzo VII
Este
Text at archive.org
Riquer, Martín de
Elias Cairel

categories: French male composers,13th-century French poets,French male poets,Christians of the Fourth Crusade,13th-century French composers,Troubadours

paragraph: Elias Cairel

paragraph: Elias Cairel (or Cayrel; fl. 1204–1222) was a troubadour of international fame. Born in Sarlat in the Périgord, he first travelled with the Fourth Crusade and settled down in the Kingdom of Thessalonica at the court of Boniface of Montferrat (1204–1208/10) before moving back to western Europe, where he sojourned at the court of Alfonso IX of León (1210–11) and in Lombardy (1219–1222/24). He wrote fourteen surviving lyrics: ten "cansos", one "tenso", one "descort", one "sirventes", and one Crusade song. He was partial to refrain rhyming and "coblas capfinidas".

paragraph: Elias' "vida" survives in three manuscripts with a variant in a fourth designed to refute the other three. According to his biographer he was gold- and silversmith and an armourer who turned to minstrelsy. His singing, composition, fiddling, and speaking were reputed as "bad", but his biographer says "ben escrivia motz e sons": "well he wrote words and songs", implying a distinction between his composing and his "writing". He supposedly returned from Romania to die in Sarlat.

paragraph: Elias composed his only "tenso" with the trobairitz Ysabella, who may have been either a high-ranking noblewoman of Italy or Greece, or perhaps just a local girl of Périgord who Elias knew in his youth. She is also the addressee of two other poems. Elias also addressed one poem to Ruiz Díaz de Coneros ("Roiz Dies"), a Spanish patron, and another to Conon de Béthune ("Coino"), a trouvère. Elias may have been present at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

paragraph: In his "Toz m'era de chantar gequiz", the Bolognese troubadour Rambertino Buvalelli asks Elias to bring the poem to Beatrice d'Este when he travels to the court of Azzo VII at Este.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abril ni mai non aten de far vers

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Era no vei puoi ni comba

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Estat ai dos ans" (addressed to Ysabella)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Freit ni ven, no·m posc destreigner

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lo rossinhols chanta tan dousamen

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mout mi platz lo doutz temps d'abril" (addressed to Ysabella)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "N'Elyas Cairel, de l'amor" (with Ysabella)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Per mantener joi e chant e solatz

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pois chai la fuoilla del garric

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Qan la freidors irais l'aura dousana

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Qui saubes dar tant bon conseil denan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Si cum cel qe sos compaignos

paragraph: BULLET::::- "So qe·m sol dar alegranssa

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Totz mos cors e mos sens" (addressed to Ruiz)

paragraph: Section::::Sources and further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aubrey, Elizabeth. "The Music of the Troubadours". Indiana University Press, 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bertoni, Giulio. "I Trovatori d'Italia: Biografie, testi, tradizioni, note". Rome: Società Multigrafica Editrice Somu, 1967 [1915].

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruckner, M. T.; Shepard, L.; and White, S. "Songs of the Women Troubadours". New York: Garland Publishing, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Egan, Margarita (ed. and trans.) "The Vidas of the Troubadours". New York: Garland, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gaunt, Simon, and Kay, Sarah. "Appendix I: Major Troubadours" (pp. 279–291). "The Troubadours: An Introduction". Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jaeschke, Hilde, ed. "Der Trobador Elias Cairel". Berlin: Emil Ebering, 1921. Text at archive.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Riquer, Martín de. "Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos". 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elias Cairel at Rialto

description: French troubadour and poet

wikidata_label: Elias Cairel

wikipedia_title: Elias Cairel


text:
ichthyologist
Christchurch
Née
Broadfields Primary School
synonyms
Galaxias paucispondylus
Gobiomorphus breviceps
Galaxias prognathus
Neochanna diversus
Galaxias vulgaris
Galaxias anomalus
Gobiomorphus hubbsi
Galaxias divergens
Gobiomorphus alpinus
Stokell's smelt
Stokellia anisodon
Canterbury Museum
Royal Society of New Zealand

categories: New Zealand naturalists,1972 deaths,1890 births

paragraph: Gerald Stokell

paragraph: Gerald Stokell (20 June 1890 – 10 July 1972) was a New Zealand amateur ichthyologist.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Stokell was born at Prebbleton, near Christchurch, New Zealand, on 20 June 1890 to Edmund Stokell and Jane (Née Pasche). He lived there for his whole life. He attended Broadfields Primary School, and was a keen trout angler.

paragraph: Section::::Interest in freshwater fish.

paragraph: A keen angler, Stokell wrote a series of studies on trout in Lake Ellismere. Through this interest in angling, he also came across native fish species, but was unable to identify them due to a lack of published information. From 1938 onwards he began publishing papers on them, describing species and detangling the many names that had accrued. He described 10 species that are still accepted, although others turned out to be junior synonyms.

paragraph: Section::::Species described.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Galaxias paucispondylus" (1938) alpine galaxias

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gobiomorphus breviceps" (1939) upland bully

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Galaxias prognathus" (1940) longjaw galaxias

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neochanna diversus" (1949) Black mudfish

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Galaxias vulgaris" (1949) Canterbury galaxias

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Galaxias anomalus" (1959) Central Otago roundhead galaxias

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gobiomorphus hubbsi" (1959) bluegill bully

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Galaxias divergens" (1959) dwarf galaxias

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gobiomorphus alpinus" (1962) Tarndale bully

paragraph: In 1941 Stokell's smelt, "Stokellia anisodon", was named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Memberships.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Council of the North Canterbury Acclimatisation Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- Staff of the Canterbury Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secretary of the Canterbury branch of the Royal Society of New Zealand

paragraph: A direct man with forceful opinions, he left the Acclimatisation Society, stating:"Their sole qualification for safe-guarding the welfare of wild creatures [is] the possession of a desire to kill them."

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Stokell died 10 July 1972 in Christchurch.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Freshwater fishes of New Zealand", 1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Freshwater and diadromous fishes of New Zealand", 1972

description: New Zealand ichthyologist

wikidata_label: Gerald Stokell

wikipedia_title: Gerald Stokell


text: Roman Catholic

text: Bishop

text: Sioux City

text: Denver, Colorado

text: Bishop Machebeuf High School

text: Denver Archdiocese

text: Pope

text: Benedict XVI

text: Archbishop

text: Jerome Hanus

text: Archdiocese of Dubuque

text: metropolitan see

text: Charles Joseph Chaput

text: Thomas Joseph Tobin

text: Providence, Rhode Island

text: Obama health care legislation

text: abortion

text: Family Research Council

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

categories: Religious leaders from Colorado,People from Denver,1947 births,American Roman Catholic bishops,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Roman Catholic bishops of Sioux City,Living people,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Denver

paragraph: R. Walker Nickless

paragraph: Ralph Walker Nickless (born May 28, 1947) is the Roman Catholic Bishop of Sioux City.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nickless was born in Denver, Colorado, one of ten children born to R. Walker Nickless, Sr. and E. Margaret (McGovern) Nickless (his mother died in 2006, shortly after his episcopal consecration). He was graduated from Bishop Machebeuf High School in 1965. Nickless was ordained a priest for the Denver Archdiocese on August 4, 1973.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Sioux City.

paragraph: Nickless was appointed the seventh Bishop of Sioux City on November 10, 2005 by Pope Benedict XVI. He was consecrated and installed as bishop on January 20, 2006 in a ceremony at the Church of the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ in Sioux City. Archbishop Jerome Hanus of the Archdiocese of Dubuque was the principal consecrator as the Dubuque Archdiocese is the metropolitan see for the state. The co-consecrators were Archbishop Charles Joseph Chaput of Denver and Bishop Thomas Joseph Tobin of Providence, Rhode Island.

paragraph: In a 2009 letter, Bishop Nickless stated his opposition to the Obama health care legislation on the grounds that it could provide free abortion coverage. In August, 2009, Bishop Nickless went further, stating that "the Catholic Church does not teach that government should directly provide health care." Rather, he wrote, "[t]he proper role of the government is to regulate the private sector, in order to foster healthy competition and to curtail abuses. Therefore any legislation that undermines the viability of the private sector is suspect."

paragraph: In April, 2009, Bishop Nickless publicly proclaimed his opposition to the University of Notre Dame's decision to invite President Barack Obama to be its commencement speaker.

paragraph: In February, 2012, Bishop Nickless spoke during a webcast sponsored by the conservative group, Family Research Council, where he characterized an Obama Administration initiative to require health insurers to provide birth control coverage as having been sponsored by "the power of evil," and called for "followers of the light" to "stand up and vehemently oppose this."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City Official Site

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: R. Walker Nickless

wikipedia_title: R. Walker Nickless


text:
Voivode of Moldavia
Huşi
Ştefan cel Mare
Maria Voichița
Polish
Alexander the Jagiellonian
Roman Catholic Church
Sigismund the Old
Dniester
Tatar
Tatar invasions
chancellor
Tăutu
Ottoman Empire
Selim I
Porte
gold coins
Eid ul-Fitr
Sultan
autonomy
congenital disorder
Wallachia
Prince
Mihnea cel Rău
Putna
Monastery
Putna Monastery

categories: House of Bogdan-Mușat,16th-century Romanian people,Blind royalty and nobility,1517 deaths,1470s births,Burials at Putna Monastery,Blind people from Romania,Rulers of Moldavia,15th-century Romanian people

paragraph: Bogdan III the One-Eyed

paragraph: Bogdan III the One-Eyed () or Bogdan III the Blind () (March 18, 1479 – April 20, 1517) was Voivode of Moldavia from July 2, 1504 to 1517.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Bogdan was born in Huşi as the son of Voivode Ştefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great) and his wife Maria Voichița. He was his father's only surviving legitimate son.

paragraph: Section::::Conflict with Poland and Tatar incursions.

paragraph: Immediately after Bogdan came to the throne, he expressed his intent to marry Elisabeth, sister of Polish King Alexander the Jagiellonian. After being twice refused despite offering generous gifts (including territorial concessions), he raided southern Poland, and Alexander accepted his demands—provided that Bogdan be more lenient towards the status of the Roman Catholic Church in Moldavia—in 1506. Alexander's death and Sigismund the Old's ascendancy led to a breaking of the previous agreement, provoking further incursions on each side. In October 1509, Bogdan was severely defeated on the Dniester river; a peace was signed on January 17, 1510, when the ruler finally renounced his pretensions.

paragraph: In the same year, Moldavia suffered two major Tatar devastations (they are alleged to have carried away 74,000 as slaves) — in 1511, the Tatars even managed to occupy most of the country. The events forced Poland, still recovering from the great invasion of 1506 ("see Tatar invasions"), to send troops as aid, helping Bogdan regain his lands after a victory in May 1512.

paragraph: Section::::Submission to Ottoman rule.

paragraph: In 1514, in order to block the Tatar threat by enlisting the help of a powerful overlord, Bogdan sent chancellor Tăutu to negotiate the terms of Moldavia's submission to the Ottoman Empire (then under the rule of Yavuz Sultan Selim, or Selim I).

paragraph: The Porte demanded that a certain sum (initially expressed as 4,000 gold coins) be paid yearly, together with a ceremonial gift of 40 horses and 40 falcons, additional expenses (such as for the celebration of "Eid ul-Fitr") and assistance in case of war — Princes themselves were required to lead a 4,000-strong army that would place itself under the orders of the Sultan. In exchange for these, Moldavia was allowed a high level of autonomy.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Bogdan was blind in one eye, most likely after a wound received during one of his many battles. While the rules of succession to the throne did exclude an impaired individual, as "însemnat" ("marked"), they seem to have applied just to people who had been afflicted before their candidacy to the throne, and certainly for those with congenital disorders.

paragraph: He was married to Stana, Nastasia and finally to Ruxandra – daughter of Wallachian Prince Mihnea cel Rău.

paragraph: He was buried next to his father (and other members of his family) in Putna Monastery.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Putna Monastery

description: Voivode of Moldavia

wikidata_label: Bogdan III the One-Eyed

wikipedia_title: Bogdan III the One-Eyed


text: Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

text: canonized

text: saint

text: Eastern Orthodox Church

text: feast day

text: Julian Calendar

text: Gregorian Calendar

text: icon

text: synaxarion

categories: 7th-century Christian saints,7th-century Byzantine people,Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople,7th-century archbishops

paragraph: Thomas I of Constantinople

paragraph: Thomas I (? – 21 March 610) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 607 to 610. He has been canonized a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is March 21 (for those churches which follow the Julian Calendar, March 21 falls on April 3 of the modern Gregorian Calendar).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Thomas the Patriarch of Constantinople Orthodox icon and synaxarion

description: priest

wikidata_label: Patriarch Thomas I of Constantinople

wikipedia_title: Thomas I of Constantinople


text:
film writer
Hollywood
Marietta, Ohio
James Creelman
journalist
Frederick Morgan Davenport
New York City
Washington, D.C.
Yale University
The Yale Record
Clements Ripley
Jezebel
RKO
The Untamed Lady
The Most Dangerous Game
King Kong
Dancers in the Dark
The Last Days of Pompeii
High Hat
roof garden
72nd Street
Manhattan, New York City, New York
Metropolitan Hospital
Scots-Irish
Montreal
Scottish

categories: Male suicides,Writers who committed suicide,American male screenwriters,American people of Canadian descent,People from Marietta, Ohio,Yale University alumni,Writers from New York City,Suicides by jumping in New York City,Screenwriters from New York (state),1894 births,1941 deaths

paragraph: James Ashmore Creelman

paragraph: James Ashmore Creelman (September 21, 1894 – September 18, 1941) was a film writer in Hollywood.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born on September 21, 1894 in Marietta, Ohio. He was the second son of James Creelman, the journalist and Alice Leffingwell Buell. He had a sister, Eileen Creelman, who married Frederick Morgan Davenport Jr., son of New York congressman Frederick Morgan Davenport.

paragraph: Creelman moved to New York City and then Washington, D.C. where his father worked as a journalist.

paragraph: He was a graduate of Yale University, where he edited campus humor magazine "The Yale Record" with Clements Ripley, writer of "Jezebel".

paragraph: Creelman worked for RKO studios from 1929 and contributed to the storyline of many of the studios' early adventure and thriller films including "The Untamed Lady", "The Most Dangerous Game", "King Kong", "Dancers in the Dark" and "The Last Days of Pompeii".

paragraph: Creelman began working in Hollywood in 1924 and wrote for 30 films before stopping in 1935. He also directed the 1927 film "High Hat".

paragraph: On September 18, 1941, three days before his 47th birthday, Creelman committed suicide by jumping off the roof garden at the top of a building on 325 E. 72nd Street in Manhattan, New York City, New York. He was pronounced dead at Metropolitan Hospital.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: His paternal grandfather was born to Scots-Irish migrants to Montreal while his paternal grandmother was of Scottish descent. His mother was a native of Marietta, Ohio.

description: American screenwriter

wikidata_label: James Ashmore Creelman

wikipedia_title: James Ashmore Creelman


text:
Count of Urgell
Ermengol VI
Roger III of Foix
Castile
Ferdinand II of León
majordomo
Extremadura
Bellpuig de les Avellanes
Agramunt
Balaguer
Requena
Ermengol VIII
Ponç III of Cabrera

categories: Counts of Urgell,12th-century Catalan people,1184 deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Ermengol VII, Count of Urgell

paragraph: Ermengol VII (or Armengol VII) (died 1184) was the Count of Urgell from 1154 to his death. He was called "el de Valencia".

paragraph: The son of Ermengol VI and his first wife, Arsenda of Cabrera, in 1157, Ermengol VII married Dulce, daughter of Roger III of Foix and Jimena de Osona, who acted as his regent during his absences in Castile. Without any possibility of expansion into surrounding territory, Ermengol was attracted to the Castilian possessions that he inherited from his grandmother. Thus, a major part of his reign was spent in the vassalage of Ferdinand II of León, to whom he was majordomo and tenant of many castles in Extremadura.

paragraph: Around 1166, he founded the canons of Bellpuig de les Avellanes. In 1163, he granted a charter to the people of Agramunt and in 1174 to Balaguer. In 1164, he coined his own comital currency in Agramunt.

paragraph: He died at Requena and left Urgell to his son Ermengol VIII. He also left a daughter, Marquesa, who married Ponç III of Cabrera in 1194.

description: Spanish noble

wikidata_label: Ermengol VII, Count of Urgell

wikipedia_title: Ermengol VII, Count of Urgell


text:
mineralogist
Leipzig
physics
Tyrol
Switzerland
France
mineralogy
University of Berlin
rector
Eger
Bohemia
crystallography
axes
crystal system
Friedrich Mohs
German Wikipedia
Historical atlas of crystallography
University of Cambridge

categories: Science teachers,Leipzig University alumni,People from Leipzig,German mineralogists,1780 births,Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class),1856 deaths,Crystallographers,People from the Electorate of Saxony

paragraph: Christian Samuel Weiss

paragraph: Christian Samuel Weiss (26 February 1780 – 1 October 1856) was a German mineralogist born in Leipzig.

paragraph: Following graduation, he worked as a physics instructor in Leipzig from 1803 until 1808. and in the meantime, conducted geological studies of mountain formations in Tyrol, Switzerland and France (1806–08). In 1810 he became a professor of mineralogy at the University of Berlin, where in 1818/19 and 1832/33, he served as university rector. He died near Eger in Bohemia.

paragraph: Weiss is credited for creating parameters of modern crystallography, and was instrumental in making it a branch of mathematical science. He stressed the significance of direction in crystals, considering crystallographic axes to be a possible basis for classification of crystals. He is credited for introducing the categorization schema of crystal systems, and has a basic law of crystallography named after him called the "Weiss zone law".

paragraph: Section::::Works by Weiss that have been translated into English.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the methodical and natural distribution of the different systems of crystallisation" Edinburgh : Printed for A. Constable, 1823.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "On the crystallographic discoveries and systems of Mohs and Weiss" (with Friedrich Mohs); Edinburgh : Printed for A. Constable, 1823.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parts of this article are based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical atlas of crystallography by José Lima-de-Faria, Martin Julian Buerger

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Cambridge DoITPoMS Teaching and Learning Packages (Weiss zone law explained)

description: German mineralogist

wikidata_label: Christian Samuel Weiss

wikipedia_title: Christian Samuel Weiss


text: usurper

text: Roman Empire

text: Philip the Arab

text: Aurelius Victor

text: Zosimus

text: Polemius Silvius

text: Laterculus

text: Julia Iotapa

text: Julia Jotapa

text: Kingdom of Commagene

text: Vespasian

text: Alexander Severus

text: Antiochus I Theos of Commagene

text: Alexander the Great

text: Gaius Julius Agrippa

text: Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus

text: Julia Iotapa

text: Syria

text: Priscus

text: Antioch

text: Decius

text: antoniniani

text: Aureus

categories: 249 deaths,3rd-century Roman usurpers,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Jotapianus

paragraph: Marcus F. Ru. Jotapianus (died "c." 249) or Jotapian, he was also known as Iotapianus or Iotapian. Jotapianus was a usurper in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire during the reign of Emperor Philip the Arab, around 249. Jotapianus is known from his rare coins and from accounts in Aurelius Victor ("Caesares" xxix.2), Zosimus (i.20.2 and i.21.2), and Polemius Silvius ("Laterculus").

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Origins.

paragraph: Jotapianus was a member of the Near East indigenous aristocracy. His name is similar to those of Queen Julia Iotapa and her daughter, princess Julia Jotapa of the Kingdom of Commagene, so he could have been a member of the Royal Family of Commagene, which had lost its power in favour of the Romans under Emperor Vespasian in 72.

paragraph: Aurelius Victor reports that Jotapianus claimed descendance from an Alexander. According to some scholars, he referred to Alexander Severus, while other scholars note that King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene claimed descendance from Greek King Alexander the Great. He could be a possible descendant of Gaius Julius Agrippa or his brother Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus or his sister Julia Iotapa.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Revolt and Death.

paragraph: Jotapianus led a rebellion started in Syria, towards the end of Philip's rule, against the increase in taxation ordered by the "rector Orientis" Priscus, Philip's brother. It is possible that Philip somehow favoured his Arabia over the other Eastern provinces, since his rule was not quietly accepted by the local population. Jotapianus made Antioch his capital, but the rebellion came to an end and Jotapianus was killed by his own soldiers, possibly during Emperor Decius' rule.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Coinage.

paragraph: Coins issued by Jotapianus had been found. All of them are antoniniani, all of them show a crude design, and all of them have a reverse, celebrating a victory of the rebels over Philip troops or rather "the power of the Emperor to conquer" ("Roman Imperial Coins", 4.3). It has been suggested that Jotapianus also issued Aureus, none of which are known to have survived.

paragraph: The coins are the only source for his names, , which could be expanded as Marcus Fulvius Rufus. Furthermore, their style suggest that the revolt was short and spread over a small territory, since Jotapianus controlled no major mint.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meckler, Michael and Christian Körner, "Jotapianus", s.v. "Philip the Arab and Rival Claimants of the later 240s", in "DIR" (1999).

description: Roman usurper

wikidata_label: Jotapianus

wikipedia_title: Jotapianus


text:
Needham, Massachusetts
American
race car driver
land speed record
Daytona Beach Road Course
Stanley Land Speed Record Car
Dewar Trophy
Edwards Air Force Base
California

categories: Steam cars,1956 deaths,Land speed record people,1872 births

paragraph: Fred Marriott

paragraph: Fred Marriott (31 December 1872, Needham, Massachusetts - 28 April 1956) was an American race car driver. In 1906, he set the world land speed record at 127.659 mph (205.5 km/h) at the Daytona Beach Road Course, while driving the Stanley Land Speed Record Car. This garnered Stanley Motor Carriage Company the Dewar Trophy. A crew of four accompanied the car to Daytona, Marriott was chosen to be driver because he was the only bachelor.

paragraph: An attempt to break the record at Daytona in 1907 used an improved version of the car but the car hit a rut at an estimated speed of 140-150 mph. The car sailed in the air, breaking in half upon impact: Marriott was injured and did not make another attempt to break the record after he recovered.

paragraph: Marriott's mark for the steam land speed record, which had become the longest-standing such record, was finally broken more than 100 years later in August 2009 when Charles Burnett III of the British "Inspiration" team recorded an average speed of 139.843 mph (225.06 km/h) at Edwards Air Force Base in California.

description: American racing driver

wikidata_label: Fred Marriott

wikipedia_title: Fred Marriott


text: Fujiwara no Tadamichi

text: Fujiwara clan

text: Tendai

text: Japanese history

text: Gukanshō

text: mappo

text: the Feudal Period

text: feudal

text: shōgun

text: Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry

text: Shin Kokin Wakashū

text: Fujiwara no Teika

text: Ogura Hyakunin Isshu

text: Japanese literature

text: Buddhist poetry

text: List of Japanese authors

text: Gukanshō

text: University of California Press

text: Robert, Jean-Noël

categories: 1155 births,People of Heian-period Japan,People of Kamakura-period Japan,1225 deaths,Hyakunin Isshu poets,13th-century Buddhists,Japanese poets,Japanese Buddhist monks

paragraph: Jien

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Jien was the son Fujiwara no Tadamichi, a member of the Fujiwara clan of powerful aristocrats. He joined a Tendai monastery of the early in his life, first taking the Buddhist name "Dokaei", and later changing it to "Jien". He eventually rose to the rank of , leader of the Tendai.

paragraph: He began to study and write Japanese history, his purpose being to "enlighten people who find it hard to understand the vicissitudes of life". His masterpiece, completed around 1220, was humbly entitled, "Gukanshō", which translates as "Jottings of a Fool". In it he tried to analyze the facts of Japanese history. The "Gukanshō" held a "mappo" and therefore pessimistic view of his age, the Feudal Period, and claimed that it was a period of religious decline and saw the disintegration of civilization. This is the viewpoint generally held today. Jien claimed that changes in the feudal structure were necessary and defended the "shōgun"s claim of power.

paragraph: As a poet, he was named one of the Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry, and was the second-best represented poet in the "Shin Kokin Wakashū". He was included by Fujiwara no Teika in the "Ogura Hyakunin Isshu".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Japanese literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buddhist poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Japanese authors

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). [Jien (1221)], "Gukanshō; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'Gukanshō', an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & Ichirō Ishida." Berkeley: University of California Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopædia Britannica 2005 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD, article "Jien"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mostow, Joshua S., (1996) "Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image", pp. 421–422

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert, Jean-Noël (2008). "La Centurie du Lotus: Poèmes de Jien (1155–1225) sur le Sûtra du Lotus"; Paris: Collège de France, Institut des hautes études japonaises.

description: Japanese poet

wikidata_label: Jien

wikipedia_title: Jien


text:
Taira
Minamoto
Genpei War
imperial family
Izu
Kyoto
Minamoto no Yoritomo
Izu
Hōjō no Maki
Hōjō Masako
Cloistered Emperor Toba
Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa
Cloistered Emperor Suzaku
Minamoto no Yoshitomo
Taira no Kiyomori
Hōgen Rebellion
Heiji Rebellion
convent
Minamoto no Yoshitsune
Minamoto no Noriyori
Minamoto no Yoritomo
Hōjō Yoshitoki
Hōjō Tokifusa
Prince Mochihito
Cloistered Emperor Takakura
Emperor Antoku
Ō-hime
Kamakura
Genpei War
Taira no Munemori
Minamoto no Yoriie
Hōjō Yasutoki
Minamoto no Yoshinaka
Shikoku
Emperor Go-Toba
Battle of Ichi-no-Tani
Taira no Munemori
Taira no Shigehira
Nara
Taira no Tokuko
Battle of Dannoura
Minamoto no Yukiie
Minamoto no Yoshitsune
shugo
jitō
Minamoto no Sanetomo
shōgun
Minamoto no Yoriie
Hiki Yoshikazu
Kajiwara Kagetoki
Sagami
Suruga
Sagami
Ōmi Province
Minamoto no Ichiman
Ōe no Hiromoto
Shuzenji
Mandokoro
Hōjō no Maki
Hiraga Tomomasa
Hatakeyama Shigetada
Hōjō Yoshitoki
Hōjō Tokifusa
Hōjō Yoshitoki
Kamakura
Kamakura, Kanagawa
Samurai Archives: Hojo Tokimasa

categories: People of Heian-period Japan,Regents of Japan,1138 births,Hōjō clan,1215 deaths

paragraph: Hōjō Tokimasa

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: The Hōjō clan was, ironically, descended from the Taira clan, which would lose to the Minamoto in the grand civil war known as the Genpei War in the 1180s; however, as a result of their connection to the Taira, the Hōjō were also distant relatives of the imperial family. The Hōjō clan were in control of the province of Izu, which was in the east and quite far away from the center of power in Kyoto and the west.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Not much is known about Hōjō Tokimasa's early life prior to Minamoto no Yoritomo's arrival in Izu. There is no information about his parents and early childhood, mainly because culture was not concentrated in Izu, but rather in Kyoto. Hōjō Tokimasa was born in 1138 into the influential Hōjō clan in the province of Izu.

paragraph: In 1155, Hōjō Tokimasa married Hōjō no Maki, who became his official wife. Her maiden name is not known. Even the marriage date is not clear, and is based on the birth of their first child, a daughter, Hōjō Masako in 1156. Hōjō Tokimasa, as the head of the Hōjō clan, chose to stay out of the civil strife engulfing western Japan based on court succession disputes between the Cloistered Emperor Toba, his son Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa, and Cloistered Emperor Suzaku, as well as a rivalry between the Minamoto clan under Minamoto no Yoshitomo and the Taira clan under Taira no Kiyomori.

paragraph: These two disturbances, known as the Hōgen Rebellion and Heiji Rebellion, ended in a Taira victory and the rule of the Cloistered Emperors Toba and Go-Shirakawa. Minamoto no Yoshitomo of the Minamoto clan was executed in 1160; all but three of his sons also executed, and his daughters sent to convents. Of the three sons that were spared, Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Minamoto no Noriyori were sent to monasteries, while his eldest son, Minamoto no Yoritomo, only 13 years old, was exiled to Tokimasa's domain of Izu.

paragraph: Tokimasa and Maki's next child, Hōjō Yoshitoki, who became Tokimasa's eldest son and heir, was born in 1163. The two also had another son, Hōjō Tokifusa, and while his date of birth is not known, it is estimated that he was born in 1165. There was also apparently a daughter, probably born in 1169. Yoritomo, at first, was just another political exile of the Taira living in Izu, but as Taira brutality grew against the Japanese people and the imperial court and nobles, the court itself grew weary of Taira rule, and particularly of the brutal Taira no Kiyomori.

paragraph: In 1179, Minamoto no Yoritomo, the Minamoto exile from Kyoto, fell in love with Tokimasa's daughter, Masako. In around 1180, they wed. That same year, Prince Mochihito, a son of Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa and a brother of Cloistered Emperor Takakura and thus an uncle of Emperor Antoku, who was half-Taira and had been placed on the throne by the Taira, believed the Taira had denied him the throne and called on the exiled Minamoto leaders to go to war and oust the Taira. Yoritomo declared war on the Taira, thus gaining his father-in-law, Tokimasa's support and the support of the Hōjō clan. That same year, Masako and Yoritomo had a daughter, Ō-hime, Tokimasa's first grandchild.

paragraph: Section::::Genpei War.

paragraph: Yoritomo created his base and capital at Kamakura, in Izu. Hōjō Tokimasa became his de facto advisor. The Genpei War between Minamoto and Taira had begun. In 1181, Taira no Kiyomori died, leaving the Taira family in the hands of Taira no Munemori, his son and a hothead who had no knowledge of military matters. In 1182, Tokimasa's son, Yoshitoki, wed. That same year, Masako and Yoritomo had a son, Minamoto no Yoriie, Yoritomo's heir. This would also become Tokimasa's first male grandchild. The next year, Yoshitoki and his wife had their first child, a son, Hōjō Yasutoki, who would become heir to the Hōjō after Yoshitoki's death.

paragraph: Things were going well for the Minamoto against the Taira. In 1183, Minamoto no Yoshinaka, Yoritomo's cousin, took Kyoto before Yoritomo could. That same year, Yoshitsune and Noriyori, Yoritomo's brothers, arrived in Kamakura and joined the Gempei War on the side of Yoritomo. In 1184, Minamoto no Yoshitsune took Kyoto in the name of Yoritomo, and had Yoshinaka executed. By that time, the Taira had fled with the Emperor Antoku to Shikoku, and, in his place, the Minamoto (with the support of Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa) enthroned Emperor Go-Toba, a younger brother of Antoku. In 1185, Yoshitsune defeated the Taira at the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani. Taira no Munemori and Taira no Shigehira were executed in Kyoto and Nara respectively, while the rest of the Taira, including Kiyomori's widow Taira no Tokuko and Emperor Antoku drowned at the Battle of Dannoura.

paragraph: Minamoto no Yoritomo was then the undisputed ruler of Japan, and the Genpei War was over with a Minamoto victory. Hōjō no Tokimasa was then in a very good position. Yoritomo did not move to Kyoto, but remained in Kamakura with Tokimasa.

paragraph: Tokimasa was sent to Kyoto and the court of Emperor Go-Toba and Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa. He received an imperial command for Yoritomo to "hunt down" Minamoto no Yukiie and Minamoto no Yoshitsune for their rebellion.

paragraph: When he returned, the first appointments of "shugo" and "jitō", the stewards and constables of the Kamakura bakufu, were apparently granted. In 1189, Yoritomo consolidated his power, executing his half brothers Yoshitsune and Noriyori.

paragraph: In 1192, after the birth of Yoritomo's and Masako's second son, Minamoto no Sanetomo, Minamoto no Yoritomo was granted the title of "shōgun" by Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa, who died later that year. Hōjō Tokimasa, as the head of the Hōjō clan, was thus the head of one of the most powerful families in Japan – he was the father-in-law of the "shōgun".

paragraph: Section::::Minamoto shogunate.

paragraph: In 1199, Minamoto no Yoritomo died. He was succeeded by his son and heir, Minamoto no Yoriie, who himself was considered a minor at the age of 18. Yoriie was closer with his father-in-law, Hiki Yoshikazu, than he was with his own grandfather, Tokimasa. He despised his mother, his uncles, and the Hōjō family in general. He was thus independent and rash, unlike his father who depended on the Hōjō.

paragraph: In that year, a regency council was created by Hōjō Tokimasa, Masako, and Yoshitoki. The most powerful person there (not counting the remaining Minamoto members there and the Hōjō) was Kajiwara Kagetoki, the governor of Sagami. Though he was very close with Yoritomo and trusted by Tokimasa, Yoriie disliked him, and he was executed in Suruga by the bakufu army in 1200. Though it is generally accepted that Yoriie was responsible for the order, it is believed that Tokimasa and the Hōjō might have also been behind it since the Hōjō clan did gain the province of Sagami. Tokimasa was made daimyō of Ōmi Province in the same year.

paragraph: Tokimasa's calculations next turned on his grandson's father-in-law, Hiki Yoshikazu, who his grandson listened to more than he listened to his own regent, Tokimasa. Losing all hope of getting either Shogun Yoriie or Yoshikazu on his side, Tokimasa placed his bets with his other grandson, Yoriie's younger brother and Yoritomo's youngest son, Sanetomo.

paragraph: In 1203, the 21-year-old Yoriie became extremely ill and weak, and Tokimasa produced a plan whereby Japan would be divided between Minamoto no Sanetomo and Minamoto no Ichiman, Yoriie's son, and very close to the Hōjō, who was planning to become the next "shōgun". Yoshikazu began to suspect something based on the attitude of Tokimasa, Masako, Ichiman, and Sanetomo, and hatched a plot to capture and assassinate Hōjō Tokimasa.

paragraph: With the help of Ōe no Hiromoto, a trusted ally, Tokimasa found out about the plan and invited Yoshikazu to his home in Kamakura for Buddhist services. After Hiki exited the services, bakufu troops executed him. Following that, Hōjō troops entered Hiki's residence and executed high-ranking members of the Hiki clan, including Minamoto no Ichiman, who, though close to Tokimasa, was also close to his maternal grandfather. "Shōgun" Yoriie, bedridden, abdicated. He went to Shuzenji in Izu but was murdered in 1204. It is thought that this was plotted by Hōjō Tokimasa.

paragraph: Section::::Minamoto shogunate.:Minamoto no Sanetomo.

paragraph: After the death of Yoriie and Ichiman, Tokimasa installed Yoritomo's second son, Minamoto no Sanetomo, as the next "shōgun". Tokimasa began to chair the Mandokoro, while he and Ōe no Hiromoto exercised absolute power. In 1204, after the assassination of Yoriie, Hōjō Masako lost trust in her father, as she believed that he was behind the assassination of her son. It is also believed Tokimasa's wife, Hōjō no Maki died in late 1204.

paragraph: Soon afterwards, Tokimasa was convinced by one of his allies, Hiraga Tomomasa, that Hatakeyama Shigetada, who was married to Tokimasa's youngest daughter, was inciting rebellion in Kyoto against the Hōjō. Tokimasa, angered, ordered his two sons, Hōjō Yoshitoki, his heir, and his other son, Hōjō Tokifusa, to execute Hatakeyama. Yoshitoki and Tokifusa, who enjoyed good relations with their brother-in-law, protested, but Tokimasa ordered the execution of Hatakeyama himself. From then on, Yoshitoki, Tokifusa, and their younger sister lost trust in their father and his meddling. It is believed Hatakeyama was a rival power-holder to Tokimasa.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In 1205, Yoshitoki heard rumors from samurai that Tokimasa was planning to have Shogun Sanetomo assassinated. He heard that the heir was none other than Hiraga, who was responsible for the death of Hatakeyama. Yoshitoki, furious, and Masako, who was also scared about the fate of her last son, put Sanetomo under protective guard and had Hiraga executed in Kamakura in 1205. Yoshitoki then threatened to rebel against his father.

paragraph: Tokimasa realized that Shogun Sanetomo was under protection, and, since Ōe Hiromoto died in 1204, he had no more allies left. He thus shaved his head, became a Buddhist monk, and retired from his post of shikken and head of the Hōjō family. He was succeeded by his eldest son and heir, Hōjō Yoshitoki, who became regent for Shogun Sanetomo and thus the second Hōjō "shikken".

paragraph: Hōjō Tokimasa retired to a Buddhist monastery in Kamakura where he lived out the remaining years of his life, dying in 1215 at the age of 78.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kamakura, Kanagawa

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samurai Archives: Hojo Tokimasa

alias:
Hojo Tokimasa
Houjou Tokimasa

description: 1st Shikken of the Kamakura shogunate

wikidata_label: Hōjō Tokimasa

wikipedia_title: Hōjō Tokimasa


text:
Hasmonean
Jewish
High Priest
ethnarch
Alexander Jannaeus
Alexandra Salome
Pharisees
Aristobulus II
Aristobulus II
mercenaries
Jericho
Jerusalem
Temple
Antipater the Idumean
Aretas III
Nabataeans
Onias
drachma
Antiquities of the Jews
Pompey
Pontus
Seleucids
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
Alexandrium
besieged and captured
Antipater
Julius Caesar
ethnarch
Antigonus Mattathias
Parthians
Babylonia
Babylonian Jews
Herod I
Teacher of Righteousness
Qumran Scrolls
Sadducee
Hasmonean coinage
Hyrcania
Flavius Josephus
Antiquities of the Jews
Flavius Josephus
The Jewish War
Heinrich Ewald
Heinrich Graetz
Hitzig
Emil Schürer

categories: 1st-century BC monarchs in the Middle East,Hasmonean dynasty,1st-century BC High Priests of Israel,1st-century BC clergy,Year of birth unknown,1st-century BC Hasmonean monarchs,1st-century BCE Jews,30 BC deaths

paragraph: Hyrcanus II

paragraph: John Hyrcanus II (, "Yohanan Hurqanos"), a member of the Hasmonean dynasty, was for a long time the Jewish High Priest in the 1st century BCE. He was also briefly King of Judea 67–66 BCE and then the ethnarch (ruler) of Judea probably 47–40 BCE.

paragraph: Section::::Accession.

paragraph: Hyrcanus was the eldest son of Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest, and Alexandra Salome. After the death of Alexander in 76 BC, his widow succeeded to the rule of Judea and installed her elder son Hyrcanus as High Priest. Alexander had numerous conflicts with the Pharisees. So Hyrcanus was believed to be supported by the Pharisees, especially later in his tenure.

paragraph: When Salome died in 67 BC, she named Hyrcanus as successor to the Kingship as well, but soon he and his brother, Aristobulus II, fell to dissension over the right to the throne.

paragraph: Section::::Deposition.

paragraph: Hyrcanus had scarcely reigned three months when his younger brother Aristobulus II rose in rebellion. Hyrcanus advanced against him at the head of his mercenaries and his followers. The brothers met in battle near Jericho and many of Hyrcanus' soldiers went over to Aristobulus II, and thereby gave the latter the victory.

paragraph: Hyrcanus took refuge in the citadel of Jerusalem; but the capture of the Temple by Aristobulus II compelled Hyrcanus to surrender. A peace was then concluded, according to the terms of which Hyrcanus was to renounce the throne and the office of high priest, but was to enjoy the revenues of the latter office.

paragraph: Section::::Alliance with the Nabataeans.

paragraph: This agreement however did not last, as Hyrcanus feared that Aristobulus was planning his death. Such fears were furthered by Hyrcanus' adviser Antipater the Idumean. According to Josephus, Antipater aimed at controlling Judea by putting the weak Hyrcanus back onto the throne. Hyrcanus took refuge with Aretas III, King of the Nabataeans, who had been bribed by Antipater into espousing the cause of Hyrcanus by the promise of returning Arabian towns taken by the Hasmoneans.

paragraph: The Nabataeans advanced toward Jerusalem with an army of 50,000, took the city and besieged the Temple where Aristobulus had taken refuge for several months. During the siege, the adherents of Hyrcanus stoned the pious Onias (Honi ha'Me'agel, also Khoni or Choni ha-Me'agel), who had refused to pray for the demise of their opponents, and further angered the priests who were fighting along with Aristobulus by selling them cattle for the paschal sacrifice for the enormous price of one thousand drachmae and then refused to deliver the promised animals for the sacrifice.("Antiquities of the Jews" Book 14, 2:2)

paragraph: Section::::Roman intervention.

paragraph: During this civil war, the Roman general Pompey defeated the Kingdoms of Pontus and the Seleucids. He sent his deputy Marcus Aemilius Scaurus to take possession of Seleucid Syria.

paragraph: As the Hasmoneans were allies of the Romans, both brothers appealed to Scaurus, each endeavoring by gifts and promises to win him over to his side. Scaurus, moved by a gift of 400 talents, decided in favor of Aristobulus and ordered Aretas to withdraw his army. During his retreat, the Nabateans suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Aristobulus. Scaurus returned to Damascus.

paragraph: When Pompey arrived in Syria in 63 BC, both brothers and a third party that desired the removal of the entire dynasty (according to some sources, these may have been the representatives of the Pharisees), sent their delegates to Pompey, who however delayed the decision. He favoured Hyrcanus over Aristobulus, deeming the elder, weaker brother a more reliable ally of the Roman Empire.

paragraph: Aristobulus, suspicious of Pompey, entrenched himself in the fortress of Alexandrium, but when the Romans summoned their army, he surrendered and undertook to deliver Jerusalem over to them. However, since many of his followers were unwilling to open the gates, the Romans besieged and captured the city by force, badly damaging city and temple. Aristobulus was taken to Rome a prisoner and Hyrcanus restored.

paragraph: Section::::Restoration.

paragraph: Around 63 BCE, Hyrcanus was restored to his position as High Priest but not to the Kingship. Political authority rested with the Romans whose interests were represented by Antipater, who primarily promoted the interests of his own house. In 47 BC, Julius Caesar restored some political authority to Hyrcanus by appointing him ethnarch. This however had little practical effect, since Hyrcanus yielded to Antipater in everything.

paragraph: Section::::Exile.

paragraph: In 40 BC, Aristobulus' son Antigonus Mattathias allied himself with the Parthians and was proclaimed King and High Priest. Hyrcanus was seized and mutilated at his ears (according to Josephus, Antigonus bit his uncle's ears off) to make him permanently ineligible for the priesthood.

paragraph: Then Hyrcanus was taken to captivity in Babylonia by the Parthians, where for four years he lived amid the Babylonian Jews, who paid him every mark of respect.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Jerusalem and death.

paragraph: In 36 BC, Herod I, who had vanquished Antigonus with Roman help and feared that Hyrcanus might induce the Parthians to help him regain the throne, invited the former High Priest to return to Jerusalem. Hyrcanus accepted and Herod received him with every mark of respect, assigning to him the first place at his table and the presidency of the state council.

paragraph: However, in 30 BC Herod charged Hyrcanus with plotting with the Nabateans and put him to death. When he died, Josephus says that he was 80 years old.

paragraph: Biblical scholar Gregory Doudna proposed in 2013 that Hyrcanus II was the figure known as the Teacher of Righteousness in the Qumran Scrolls. According to Doudna, Hyrcanus II’s sectarian orientation is now generally understood to have been Sadducee.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hasmonean coinage

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hyrcania

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, book XIV, 5-13.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flavius Josephus, The Jewish War, book I, 8-13.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Ewald, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, volume IV, p. 524ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinrich Graetz, History of the Jews, volume III, p. 167ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hitzig, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, volume II, p. 500ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emil Schürer, Geschichte des judischen Volks im Zeitalter Jesu Christi, volume I, p. 338 et seq.

wikidata_label: Hyrcanus II

wikipedia_title: Hyrcanus II


text: Odiham

text: Hampshire

text: Member of Parliament

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Surrey

text: Sussex

text: Hampshire

text: John More

text: Canon Row

text: Westminster

text: Member of Parliament

text: Winchelsea

text: Middle Temple

text: Elizabeth I

text: Robert Cecil

text: Lady Dacre

text: Gregory Fiennes, 10th Baron Dacre

text: Adrian Poynings

text: Thomas Drewe

text: The Grange

text: Broadhembury

text: Sheriff of Devon

text: William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham

text: John Stourton, 9th Baron Stourton

text: William Stourton, 11th Baron Stourton

categories: English justices of the peace,1550s births,16th-century English MPs,1623 deaths

paragraph: Edward More (MP)

paragraph: Sir Edward More (c. 1555–1623) of Odiham in Hampshire was an English Member of Parliament. He was a Justice of the Peace for Surrey and Sussex from c. 1582 to c. 1587, and for Hampshire from c. 1584. He succeeded his father in 1581 and was knighted in 1600.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was the son of John More (d. 1581) of Canon Row in Westminster, and of Crabbet in the parish of Worth in Sussex, a Member of Parliament for Winchelsea, by his wife Agnes Moulton (d. 1557), daughter and heiress of John Moulton of Lancashire and Westminster.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: More commenced his study of law at the Middle Temple, bound with his father and Richard Inkpen, but his name disappears from Middle Temple records after a fine for absence from readings and a pardon for another on grounds of ill health. It shortly reappears among the Gentlemen Pensioners at court. Between the late 1570s and the death of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603), at whose funeral he was an official attendant, he divided his time between the court and his country estates in Sussex and later Hampshire. He corresponded at length with Robert Cecil over the will of Lady Dacre (d. 1595) (widow of Gregory Fiennes, 10th Baron Dacre), who left a large part of her estates in Sussex and London to the Cecil family. More was one of the executors of the will.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages & progeny.

paragraph: More fathered several illegitimate children, but married twice:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firstly to Mary Poynings (d. 29 October 1591), a daughter and co-heiress of Sir Adrian Poynings of Wherwell in Hampshire, by whom he had five sons (all of whom predeceased him) and one surviving daughter and heiress:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth More, who married Sir Thomas Drewe (d.1651) of The Grange in the parish of Broadhembury in Devon, Sheriff of Devon in 1612.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondly he married Frances Brooke, a daughter of William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham and widow of John Stourton, 9th Baron Stourton, by whom he had one daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frances More (d. 5 January 1662), who married William Stourton, 11th Baron Stourton, nephew of her mother's first husband.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Transcript of will of Sir Edward More, dated 24 April 1623 (National Archives PROB 11/141/530)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- More, Edward (c.1555–1623), of Crabbet, Worth, Sussex, Canon Row, Westminster, and Odiham, Hampshire, History of Parliament Retrieved 16 March 2016.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Specific

description: politician

wikidata_label: Edward More

wikipedia_title: Edward More (MP)


text:
Enfants de France
Madame Victoire
German
Pierre Surirey de Saint-Remy
Joseph Sauveur
Encyclopédie
Géométrie élémentaire et pratique
Pierre Larousse

categories: 1704 births,1781 deaths,Scientists from Paris,Contributors to the Encyclopédie (1751–72),18th-century French mathematicians

paragraph: Guillaume Le Blond

paragraph: Guillaume Le Blond (1704 – May 24, 1781) was a French mathematician. He was born in Paris.

paragraph: He was a professor of mathematics at the grand stable of the King (1736) and then the Enfants de France (1756). Leblond kept this job until 1778, when he became secretary of the cabinet of Madame Victoire.

paragraph: Le Blond wrote the following works, some of which have been translated into German.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Essai sur la castramétation", 1748, in-8°) ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Éléments de tactique", 1758, in-4° ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Artillerie raisonnée contenant l’usage des différentes bouches à feu", 1761, in-8° ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "l’Arithmétique et la géométrie de l’officier", 1768, 2 vol. in-8° ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Traité de l’attaque des places", 1780, in-8° ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Éléments de fortification", 1739, in-8°.

paragraph: He also produced editions of "Mémoires d’artillerie" by Pierre Surirey de Saint-Remy and the "Géométrie" by Joseph Sauveur and collaborated on the "Encyclopédie".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Géométrie élémentaire et pratique"

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre Larousse, "Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle", vol. 10, Paris, Administration du grand Dictionnaire universel, (p. 288).

description: French mathematician and military historian

wikidata_label: Guillaume Le Blond

wikipedia_title: Guillaume Le Blond


text:
blues-rock
East Troy, Wisconsin
pick
electric guitar
Gibson Les Paul
power trio
Cream
Mountain
Los Angeles, California
SXSW
Summerfest
Kid Rock
Lynyrd Skynyrd
ZZ TOP
Warren Huart
Eddie Kramer
Music Radar
Honda
UPROXX
Abbey Road
Sunset Sound
East-West
Swinghouse
Dave Grohl
Living Colour
Glenn Hughes
Zakk Wylde
Walter Trout
Saxon
Fozzy
L.A. Guns
Blue Öyster Cult
BBC Radio 2
Planet Rock Radio
Gibson
Epiphone
Seymour Duncan
Blackstar Amplification
DR
strings
Les Paul
P-90
NAMM

categories: American hard rock musicians,Blues rock musicians,Living people,Musicians from Wisconsin

paragraph: Jared James Nichols

paragraph: Jared James Nichols is an American blues-rock guitarist and singer from East Troy, Wisconsin. He is best known for his high-energy performances and 'pick-less' electric guitar playing technique. He is rarely seen without playing his "signature" single-pickup Gibson Les Paul Custom P90 nick-named "Old Glory". He fronts a power trio under his name, rooted in the early 1970s hard-rock vein of Cream and Mountain. He resides in Los Angeles, California.

paragraph: Section::::Band Members.

paragraph: Dennis Holm - Drums

paragraph: Ronnie Elvis James - Bass

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Nichols moved to Los Angeles in 2010. He quickly gained momentum by winning the prestigious "Gibson Les Paul Tribute Contest" as well as the "Musicians Institute Most Outstanding Player Award". He formed his own trio shortly thereafter and released a 3-song EP "Live at the Viper Room".

paragraph: After this release, Nichols toured America and played various clubs/festivals including Sturgis Buffalo Chip, SXSW, Summerfest, and more. It was during this time he opened for Kid Rock, Lynyrd Skynyrd and ZZ TOP. In Spring 2014, he embarked on a 2-month European Tour which proved to be successful, resulting in 2015 full-length release "Old Glory & The Wild Revival" recorded with producers Warren Huart and the legendary Eddie Kramer.

paragraph: In early 2016 Music Radar named Jared as one of the "Top Upcoming Guitar Players in the World".

paragraph: In spring of 2016 Jared was featured in a "mini-doc" series "UNCHARTED" by Honda and UPROXX about his guitar playing and determination to further himself in the music industry. The documentary went viral online, resulting in over 7 million views within one month of its premier.

paragraph: He has also recorded at historic studios such as Abbey Road, Sunset Sound, East-West, Swinghouse, and Dave Grohl's Studio 606.

paragraph: Nichols has toured across America and Europe with acts including Living Colour Glenn Hughes, Zakk Wylde, Walter Trout, UFO, Saxon, Fozzy, L.A. Guns and Blue Öyster Cult.

paragraph: His second full-length album "Black Magic" was released January 2018 and has gained powerful acclaim from guitar, classic rock and blues fans worldwide.

paragraph: In July 2019, Nichols released the single ‘’Nails in the Coffin’’ Quite possibly his most profound and most successful song to date. The single premiered on  BBC Radio 2  as well as heavy A-List Rotation on the UK’s  Planet Rock Radio

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Jared James Nichols is endorsed by Gibson/Epiphone, Seymour Duncan, Blackstar Amplification, and DR strings.

paragraph: Jared primarily plays his signature Les Paul nicknamed "Old Glory" fitted with a single Seymour Duncan P-90 in the bridge position. Nichols ‘signature Les Paul’ model unveiled in January 2019. The guitar has since then taken on a life of its own, becoming a staple and rising force in the guitar world. Nichols uses DR 10/52 strings. Also in January 2019, Jared collaborated with British company Blackstar Amplification to develop a Signature amplifier. Named the JJN-20 watt, it has proved to be quite a success in the guitar market. Offering a  NAMM  ‘Best in Show’ Award as well as rave reviews around the world.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: 1. http://uproxx.com/music/jared-james-nichols-uncharted-guitarist/

paragraph: 2. http://www.jsonline.com/story/entertainment/music/2017/04/05/rocking-out-until-he-literally-bleeds-jared-james-nichols-pain-paying-off/99982506/

wikidata_label: Jared James Nichols

wikipedia_title: Jared James Nichols


text:
Scythian
Herodotus
Greek
Ariapeithes
Istria
Greek language
Hellenic
Pontic Olbia
Bacchic rites
Thracian
Sitalces
Octamasadas
Thrace
Niconium
George Campbell Macaulay
П. О. Карышковский
Одесский музей нумизматике. Никоний
Odessa State Museum of Archaeology

categories: Scythian rulers,People of the Bosporan Kingdom

paragraph: Scyles

paragraph: Scyles, Skyles, or Scylas (), was a Scythian king who lived around 500 BC. He is mentioned in the histories of Herodotus as having been an admirer of Greek culture and traditions, which led to his falling out of favor with his people and being executed by his brother.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Scyles was the heir and son of the king Ariapeithes and a Greek woman from Istria. His mother taught him to read and speak the Greek language, which distinguished him from other Scythians, who were illiterate. Because of his mixed heritage, he was ambivalent toward the culture of his father and displayed many Hellenic traits. For example, he built a large house in Pontic Olbia and married a Greek woman, both unheard of practices because the Scythians were largely nomadic and polygamous. He also publicly took part in Bacchic rites, to the anger of other Scythian chiefs.

paragraph: According to Herodotus, it was because of these unconventional traits that the Scythians rebelled against Scyles, and he was forced to flee from his homeland. He escaped to the Thracian king Sitalces. However, he was pursued by his brother Octamasadas, who raised an army and marched on Thrace. In the midst of the war between the Scythians and Thracians, it was agreed upon by Sitalces and Octamasedes that Scyles would be given over to his brother, in exchange for the release of Sitalces' brother, who was being held prisoner by the Scythians. Scyles was handed over and executed.

paragraph: Coins bearing the name of Scyles have been found in Niconium, where it is thought that Scyles was buried.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (translation by George Campbell Macaulay, 1852–1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- А.Г Загинайло П. О. Карышковский. Монеты cкифского царя Скила ["Coins of Scythian King Scylus"] // Нумизматические исследования по истории Юго-Восточной Европы: Сборник научых трудов. – Кишинёв: Штиинца, 1990. – С. 3 – 15

paragraph: BULLET::::- Загинайло А.Г. Литые монеты царя Скила. // Древнее Причерноморье. – Одесса, 1990. – С. 64–71.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Одесский музей нумизматике. Никоний

paragraph: BULLET::::- Odessa State Museum of Archaeology

description: Scythian king

wikidata_label: Scyles

wikipedia_title: Scyles


text:
Lörrach-Stetten
German
jurist
Lörrach
Baden-Württemberg
prisoner of war
Sens
Federal Cross of Merit

categories: German prisoners of war in World War II,German jurists,2010 deaths,Mayors of places in Baden-Württemberg,1925 births,Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

paragraph: Egon Hugenschmidt

paragraph: Egon Hugenschmidt (24 June 1925; Lörrach-Stetten - 11 April 2010) was a German jurist and mayor of Lörrach, Baden-Württemberg (1960–1984). He was a prisoner of war, created the twintown relation of Lörrach with Sens and was awarded with the Federal Cross of Merit.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerhard Moehring: "Vögte und Bürgermeister von Lörrach." in: Walter Jung, Gerhard Moehring (Hrsg.): "Unser Lörrach 1975. Eine Grenzstadt im Spiegel der Zeit", Lörrach-Tumringen: Kropf & Herz 1975, Seite 35.

description: German politician

wikidata_label: Egon Hugenschmidt

wikipedia_title: Egon Hugenschmidt


text:
American football
punter
East Carolina University
New York Giants
2010 NFL draft
Morehead City, North Carolina
West Carteret High School
Appalachian State University
East Carolina University
undrafted free agent
2010 NFL Draft
New York Giants
2010 NFL Draft
Jeff Feagles
Jy Bond
New York Jets
Philadelphia Eagles
DeSean Jackson
Miracle at the New Meadowlands
Tom Coughlin
Steve Weatherford
New York Giants bio
East Carolina Pirates bio

categories: American football punters,East Carolina Pirates football players,People from Morehead City, North Carolina,Appalachian State Mountaineers football players,1987 births,Players of American football from North Carolina,Living people

paragraph: Matt Dodge

paragraph: Matthew "Matt" Dean Dodge (born May 30, 1987) is a former American football punter. He was a Second Team All-American while a Senior at East Carolina University as he ranked second in the NCAA in yards per punt (45.8) He was drafted by the New York Giants in the seventh round of the 2010 NFL draft. He was out of the league one year later.

paragraph: Dodge was born in Morehead City, North Carolina, where he played at West Carteret High School before attending Appalachian State University. As a freshman, Dodge was the punter for the 2005 NCAA Division I-AA National Champion Appalachian State football team . He later transferred to East Carolina University. and become their punter for the 2007, 2008 and 2009 seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pre-draft.

paragraph: Dodge was projected to be drafted in the seventh round or signed as an undrafted free agent prior to the 2010 NFL Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Giants.

paragraph: Dodge was drafted by the New York Giants in the seventh round (221st overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft to replace long-time Giants punter Jeff Feagles, who had just retired. Dodge beat out Jy Bond for the punting job on June 21 when Bond was waived from the team. Dodge was signed to a four-year contract on June 23.

paragraph: Dodge's first professional punt was blocked in a Monday night preseason game against the New York Jets. During a game against the Philadelphia Eagles on December 19, 2010, Dodge had a 36-yard punt that was returned by DeSean Jackson for a touchdown as time expired, giving the Eagles a 38−31 win in a game later called the "Miracle at the New Meadowlands". Shortly after the winning touchdown, Dodge was publicly criticized by his head coach, Tom Coughlin, for failing to punt the ball out-of-bounds.

paragraph: On September 3, 2011, Dodge was released from the Giants in favor of former New York Jet punter Steve Weatherford.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New York Giants bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- East Carolina Pirates bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Matt Dodge

wikipedia_title: Matt Dodge


text:
Fifth dynasty of Egypt
Djedkare Isesi
Saqqara
Karl Richard Lepsius
mastaba
funerary complex of Djoser
Perneb
Raemka
serdab
Sixth dynasty
Imhotep Museum

categories: Ancient Egyptian overseers of royal works,Viziers of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt,Ancient Egyptian overseers of the granaries

paragraph: Rashepses

paragraph: Rashepses was a vizier from the Fifth dynasty of Egypt. Rashepses was vizier under Djedkare Isesi. A letter directed to Rashepses has been preserved. This decree is inscribed in his tomb in Saqqara. As vizier he was one of the most important Ancient Egyptian officials. In his tomb are many titles recorded. It seems that he was first "overseer of the scribes of the royal documents", "overseer of the two granaries" and "overseer of all royal works". These are all very important titles, making him an influential official at the royal court. At the final stage of his career he became vizier. The vizier title is only preserved in two letters that are copied on the decoration of the tomb. It seems that most of his tomb was finished and after all that, he was promoted.

paragraph: Section::::Burial.

paragraph: Rashepses was buried in Saqqara. It received the number LG16 from the expedition under Karl Richard Lepsius, that recorded the tomb in the middle of the 19th century. His mastaba is located north of funerary complex of Djoser among a group of tombs of the Fifth Dynasty, along with his contemporaries Perneb and Raemka.

paragraph: The tomb is decorated with classic images of the presentation of offerings and a set of scenes related to the funerary cult of the vizier. The underground burial chamber is decorated with paintings. Decorated burial chambers are common at the end of the Fifth Dynasty and in the Sixth Dynasty. The burial chamber of Rashepses might be the earliest decorated one.

paragraph: In the "serdab," a head of a wooden statue was discovered with the type of headdress which became very popular in the Sixth dynasty. This head is now in the Imhotep Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hany Abdallah El-Tayeb: "The burial chamber of Rashepses at Saqqara", in: " Egyptian Archaeology" 44 (Spring 2014), 8-9

description: Ancient Egyptian vizier

wikidata_label: Rashepses

wikipedia_title: Rashepses


text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Haimen

text: Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association

text: Holy See

categories: Chinese Roman Catholic bishops,Living people,1970 births,People from Qidong, Jiangsu

paragraph: Joseph Shen Bin

paragraph: Joseph Shen Bin (born 1970) (also written Giuseppe Shen Bin) is a bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Haimen and , he is vice-president of Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association, created by PRC's State Administration for Religious Affairs as a government-sanctioned religious group. He was ordained "with both government recognition and papal mandate" on April 21, 2010; his predecessor, Matthew Yu Chengcai, was not recognized by the Holy See.

wikidata_label: Joseph Shen Bin

wikipedia_title: Joseph Shen Bin


text:
middle-distance runner
men's 800 metres
1964 Summer Olympics
Michel
1936 Summer Olympics

categories: 1941 births,Olympic athletes of Luxembourg,Luxembourgian male middle-distance runners,Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Michel Medinger

paragraph: Michel Medinger (born 18 April 1941) is a Luxembourgian middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics. His father, Michel, competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

description: Luxembourger photographer and athlete

wikidata_label: Michel Médinger

wikipedia_title: Michel Medinger


text:
Major League Baseball
Minnesota Twins
Washington Senators
New York Yankees
Montreal Expos
college baseball
Boilermakers
AP
UPI
Blue–Gray Game
Major League Baseball
Jack Mollenkopf
Bob Griese
Billy Martin
1962 Topps All-Star Rookie Roster
Tom Tresh
Buck Rodgers
Camilo Pascual
Ron Kline
New York Yankees
Retrosheet
College States at Purdue

categories: Montreal Expos players,New York Yankees players,Players of American football from Ohio,Charlotte Hornets (baseball) players,People from Carmel, Indiana,Baseball players from Ohio,Denver Bears players,People from East Liverpool, Ohio,Purdue Boilermakers football players,Purdue Boilermakers baseball players,Minnesota Twins players,1939 births,Living people,American expatriate baseball players in Canada,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Bernie Allen

paragraph: Bernard Keith "Bernie" Allen (born April 16, 1939) is a former Major League Baseball player for the Minnesota Twins, Washington Senators, New York Yankees, and Montreal Expos. At 6' 0" and 185 lbs, Allen was a second-baseman for most of his career; playing over 900 games at the position. By the 1971 season, he was splitting his time between second and third base.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Allen played college baseball for the Boilermakers, where he twice named Team MVP. A winner of 6 varsity letters, Allen was also a quarterback on the football team, selected as Team MVP in 1960. He platooned at quarterback in 1959, leading the Boilermakers to a 5-2-2 record and six weeks in the Top 15. Earning the starting job in 1960, Allen led the Boilermakers to a record of 4-4-1 (2-4 Big Ten) and wins over #12 Notre Dame, Ohio State and #1 Minnesota, the AP and UPI National Champion. The Minnesota and Notre Dame wins were both road wins, while the win over Ohio State earned Allen Sports Illustrated's Offensive back of the Week. Purdue spent 5 weeks in the Top 15 and finished the season at #19. Allen was selected for the Blue–Gray Game; throwing 3 touchdowns and led the Blue squad to a 35-7 victory over the Gray squad, quarterbacked by Fran Tarkenton. Allen was the leading passer for Purdue during the 1959 and 1960 seasons and was also the team leader in total offense. He was selected as an All-American shortstop in , he signed with the Twins and played 80 games for Class A Charlotte before being promoted to Major League Baseball.

paragraph: He spent the 1963 off-season as an assistant football coach under Jack Mollenkopf, where he tutored a young Bob Griese.

paragraph: In 1999, he was selected for induction in the Purdue Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Major League career.

paragraph: On Opening Day, April 10, 1962, Allen made his debut for the Minnesota Twins at second base. He was put into a position vacated by Billy Martin a week earlier. Allen had one hit (a triple) in four at-bats on opening day. His rookie performance led to a selection to the 1962 Topps All-Star Rookie Roster and finished 3rd in Rookie of the Year voting, finishing behind Tom Tresh and Buck Rodgers.

paragraph: Allen played five seasons for the Twins and was traded to the Washington Senators with pitcher Camilo Pascual for pitcher Ron Kline. After five seasons in Washington, the Senators moved to Texas and traded him to the New York Yankees.

paragraph: Allen played for New York in 1972, backing up second and third base. He played 17 games for the Yankees in 1973 before being purchased by Montreal. The Expos released him two months later.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Retrosheet

paragraph: BULLET::::- College States at Purdue

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Bernie Allen

wikipedia_title: Bernie Allen


text:
Roman
martyr
Agnes
Christian
catechumen
stoned to death
feast day
Sant'Agnese fuori le mura
Ercole Ferrata
Sant'Agnese in Agone
cameo role
Nicholas Wiseman
Patron saint index

categories: 4th-century Roman women,Ante-Nicene Christian female saints,Burials at Sant'Agnese fuori le mura,4th-century Christian martyrs,4th-century Romans,Year of birth unknown,304 deaths,4th-century Christian saints,Deaths by stoning

paragraph: Emerentiana

paragraph: Saint Emerentiana was a Roman martyr, who lived around the start of the 4th century. Her feast day is January 23.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: According to the legend of St. Agnes, Emerentiana was her foster-sister. St. Agnes was a rich Roman heiress who was martyred after refusing her engagement due to her Christian religion. Emerentiana’s mother was the wet nurse and nanny of Saint Agnes.

paragraph: A few days after Agnes' death, Emerentiana, who was a catechumen still learning about Christianity before being officially baptized, went to the tomb to pray and was suddenly attacked by the pagans, stoned to death by the crowd.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Her feast day is January 23, She is represented as a young girl who either has stones in her lap and lilies in her hand, or as being stoned to death by a mob. Her tomb is in the church of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura in Rome. An altar dedicated to her with a marble relief by Ercole Ferrata depicting her martyrdom is in Sant'Agnese in Agone.

paragraph: Section::::Popular culture.

paragraph: Emerentiana had a tiny cameo role in Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman's novel, "Fabiola", where she is seen mourning for Agnes right after the latter's martyrdom.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Patron saint index

description: Christian martyr

wikidata_label: Emerentiana

wikipedia_title: Emerentiana