text:
the Kinks
Dave Davies
the Rolling Stones
Melody Maker
You Really Got Me
Shel Talmy
Clem Cattini
Bobby Graham
Ev'rybody's Gonna Be Happy
Ray Davies
Dave Davies
Capitol Theatre
grievous bodily harm
Konk Studios
Bob Henrit
The Roulettes
Unit 4 + 2
Argent
Rock 'n' Roll Cities
Think Visual
The Kast Off Kinks
John Dalton
Dave Clarke
The Dave Clark Five
Jim Rodford
Noel Redding
Dave Rowberry
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
UK Music Hall of Fame
Pete Quaife
The Animals
The Tremeloes
Eric Haydock
The Hollies
British Invasion
Royal Albert Hall
Ian Gibbons
From The Jam
Rick Buckler
Kew
Mick Avory's page at Drummerworld

categories: People from Molesey,1944 births,English rock drummers,The Kinks members,Living people

paragraph: Mick Avory

paragraph: Michael Charles Avory (born 15 February 1944) is an English musician, best known as the longtime drummer and percussionist for the English rock band the Kinks. He joined them shortly after their formation in 1964 and remained with them until 1984, when he left amid creative friction with guitarist Dave Davies. He is the longest-serving member of the band, apart from the Davies brothers.

paragraph: Section::::Before the band (1962–63).

paragraph: Before he joined the Kinks, Avory was a member of the band Bobby Angelo & The Tuxedos who had a No.30 hit with "Baby Sittin'" in August 1961. After leaving that group, he was asked twice to rehearse on drums at the Bricklayers Arms pub in London during late May/early June 1962 for a group of musicians who were later to become the Rolling Stones. It has been said that he also went on to play at their first show at The Marquee Club on 12 July 1962, yet Avory himself says "I think Tony Chapman did the gig at the Marquee. I didn't. I just rehearsed twice in the Bricklayers Arms in Soho."

paragraph: Section::::The Kinks (1964–1984).

paragraph: Avory joined the Kinks in January 1964, after their previous drummer Micky Willet left the band. Avory was hired to replace him after their management saw an advertisement Avory had placed in the trade magazine "Melody Maker". Despite his ability, early Kinks recordings (including hits such as "You Really Got Me") commonly did not feature Avory on drums; producer Shel Talmy hired more seasoned session drummers (most notably Clem Cattini and Bobby Graham) for studio work well into 1965, but with Avory often providing supporting percussion. The first single A-side Avory played on was "Ev'rybody's Gonna Be Happy", and went on to play on all Kinks recordings from the 1967 album Something Else By The Kinks until his departure in 1984.

paragraph: Avory was always considered the quietest and most easy-going member of the Kinks lineup and was Ray Davies's best friend. However, his turbulent working relationship with guitarist Dave Davies resulted in many legendary onstage fights. In the most notorious (and widely mis-reported) incident, at the Capitol Theatre, Cardiff, South Wales, in 1965, Avory hit Davies with his drum pedal (not the cymbal stand, which, according to later interviews with Avory "would have decapitated him"), in reprisal for Davies kicking over his drum kit as revenge for a drunken fight the previous night in a Taunton hotel, apparently won by Mick. He then fled into hiding for days to avoid arrest for grievous bodily harm. On other occasions, fuming, he would hurl his drumsticks at Dave. According to Ray, their problems began during the time Mick and Dave shared a flat in London for a short period in early 1965.

paragraph: Ultimately, the relationship between Avory and the younger Davies brother deteriorated to the point where Avory left the band. By agreement with Ray Davies, he ceased performing and recording with the band in 1984, but accepted an invitation to manage Konk Studios, where the band and the Davies brothers record most of their records - a position he has held ever since.

paragraph: Ray explained the situation:

paragraph: Avory was replaced by Bob Henrit, former drummer with The Roulettes , Unit 4 + 2 and Argent.

paragraph: Later on, it would seem that Dave Davies and Avory settled their differences, as Avory subsequently played the drums on "Rock 'n' Roll Cities", a track on the "Think Visual" album written by Dave Davies. Avory was asked to rejoin by Ray Davies, but he declined as he wanted a rest from the non-stop touring, working and performing schedule of two decades.

paragraph: Section::::Current work (1985–present).

paragraph: In 1996, he started playing with The Kast Off Kinks, along with John Dalton, Dave Clarke (no relation to the Dave Clark of "The Dave Clark Five"), John Gosling and Jim Rodford . He has performed with them ever since.

paragraph: In the 1990s, he also formed Shut Up Frank with Clarke, Noel Redding and Dave Rowberry of The Animals. They toured extensively and recorded several albums.

paragraph: Avory was inducted into both the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005, with original bassist Pete Quaife and the Davies brothers.

paragraph: By April 2004 at the request of The Animals, who were about to do their 40th anniversary tour, Chip Hawkes (formerly of The Tremeloes) was asked to form a band to tour along with them. This he did and brought together a true "beat-era" supergroup. The band features former original members of British 1960s groups, including Avory, Eric Haydock (The Hollies) and Hawkes, who have now combined to perform as The Class of 64 (referring to the actual year the British Invasion took America by storm), also featuring guitarists 'Telecaster Ted' Tomlin and Graham Pollock. The band have toured around the world, and have recorded an album of their former bands' hits.

paragraph: In 2007, Avory left The Class of 64 and, with other former 64 members Haydock, Pollock, Tomlin, formed a new band called The Legends of the Sixties, which also features Martin Lyon. Avory made a special guest appearance onstage at Ray Davies' Royal Albert Hall performance on 10 May 2007. He played tambourine. Also guesting was Ian Gibbons, the former longtime Kinks keyboard player.

paragraph: Avory also currently plays in The '60s All Stars' band, featuring members of British 1960s groups: John Dee (The Foundations), Alan Lovell (The Swinging Blue Jeans) and Derek Mandell (The George Harrison Band). The band can be seen playing regularly at the Cardinal Wolsey pub in Hampton Court in Avory's native East Molesey, Surrey. Avory was selected to pick up the sticks for From The Jam following Rick Buckler's departure, and toured with them in December 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Avory lives in Kew, west London. Avory also has a daughter, although he has claimed that she wasn't "terribly musical."

paragraph: Avory married Marliesa Mladek in January 2018.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mick Avory's page at Drummerworld

description: British drummer

wikidata_label: Mick Avory

wikipedia_title: Mick Avory


text: American

text: Indianapolis 500

text: USAC

text: Milwaukee Mile

text: 1973 Indianapolis 500

text: STP

text: Patrick Racing

text: Salt Walther

text: Swede Savage

text: fire truck

text: banquet

text: 1975 Indianapolis 500

text: USAC

text: Johnny Rutherford

text: Phoenix International Raceway

text: A. J. Foyt

text: Rick Mears

text: Al Unser Jr.

text: Scott Goodyear

text: Ryan Hunter-Reay

text: Hélio Castroneves

text: Sam Hornish Jr

text: Marco Andretti

text: 1992 Indianapolis 500

text: 1983 CART PPG Indy Car World Series

text: Atlanta Motor Speedway

text: Cosworth

text: Penske

text: Al Unser

text: John Paul, Jr.

text: NASCAR

text: Sprint Cup Series

text: Daytona

text: Rockingham

text: IMS Radio Network

text: 1986 Indianapolis 500

text: Jim Crawford

text: 1991 Indy 500

text: 1992 Indy 500

text: ESPN Classic

text: 2011 Indianapolis 500

text: International Motorsports Hall of Fame

text: Motorsports Hall of Fame of America

text: NASCAR Stats at Racing-Reference.info

text: Greatest 33 Profile Article

text: The Greatest 33

categories: 1937 births,Racing drivers from Michigan,Indianapolis 500 winners,NASCAR drivers,People from Hastings, Michigan,International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees,International Race of Champions drivers,Champ Car drivers,Living people,Indianapolis 500 drivers

paragraph: Gordon Johncock

paragraph: Gordon Johncock (born August 5, 1936) is an American former racing driver, best known as a two-time winner of the Indianapolis 500 and the 1976 USAC Marlboro Championship Trail champion. Johncock was most often simply referred to as "Gordy."

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Johncock's first USAC victory was scored at the Milwaukee Mile in August 1965. He won six further races before winning the Indy 500 in 1973.

paragraph: At the 1973 Indianapolis 500, Johncock was racing for STP/Patrick Racing. A major accident at the start involving Salt Walther, coupled with two days of rain, postponed the race until late Wednesday afternoon. When the race was held, Johncock's teammate Swede Savage was severely injured in a fiery crash on lap 58. A moment later, Armando Teran, a pit crew member on the same STP/Patrick team, was struck by a fire truck going northbound in the pits, and was fatally injured at the scene. When the race resumed, Johncock who had led the most laps, was leading when rain fell again on the 133rd lap. Nearing 6 p.m., the race was red flagged and declared over. After a short and muted victory lane celebration, Johncock went to visit Savage at the hospital. Afterward, the celebratory victory banquet was cancelled. Instead, Johncock and his crew went to a local fast-food joint for hamburgers. About a month later, Savage died from his injuries.

paragraph: In the 1975 Indianapolis 500, he started the race on the front row but retired with ignition problems on the 11th lap. Johncock won the USAC national championship in 1976, snatching the title from Johnny Rutherford in the final race of the season at Phoenix International Raceway. In 1976 and 1978 he finished third at Indianapolis, and in 1977 he was leading A. J. Foyt when the car's crankshaft broke with sixteen laps to go.

paragraph: Johncock took a second Indianapolis 500 victory in 1982, winning by 0.16 second over Rick Mears. This remains the fourth-closest Indy 500 finish in history. (Al Unser Jr.'s 0.043-second victory over Scott Goodyear in 1992 was the closest, followed by Ryan Hunter-Reay's 0.0600-second victory ahead of Hélio Castroneves in 2014, and Sam Hornish Jr's 0.0635-second victory ahead of Marco Andretti in 2006.) Mears was rapidly closing on Johncock in the final laps. In Mears' final pit stop, Mears' team made a miscalculation and filled his car with more fuel than it needed to finish the race. As a consequence Mears had to catch up a significant distance on Johncock, and on the 197th and 198th laps came from 3 seconds back to within car lengths. Johncock's tires were deteriorating by the lap, and with each turn the car understeered more severely. On the final lap, just after the white flag waved, Mears tried to pass Johncock for the win, with Johncock making a decisive defense of first place in Turn One, and Johncock began pulling away. In turn 4, Mears reeled him in and made a pass, but lost by 16-hundredths of a second (25 feet), which was at that time, the closest finish in Indy 500 history (now the 4th closest).

paragraph: Mears would later joke about watching the tape over and over to see if 'this time I get around Gordy'. Johncock, during a live interview on ABC years later, offered that if the dramatic duel had occurred two or three years later—when Mears had additional experience—the Californian would probably have pulled off the winning pass.

paragraph: Johncock took another three Indycar races, including the 1982 Michigan 500 to complete two legs of what was then known as the Triple Crown before retiring from racing in 1985 (the three races on the USAC Marlboro Championship Trail were known as such from 1970 until 1989, and again since 2014 (there was a Triple Crown of Indianapolis, Pocono, and Fontana in 2013, but Pocono was a 400-mile race in 2013)). Legend holds that the Indianapolis Motor Speedway held off resurfacing the bumpy concrete pit lane until Johncock retired, as he was known for his high-speed trips through the pit lane. He returned for occasional appearances in 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991 and retired for good after the 1992 Indianapolis 500.

paragraph: Johncock's last Indycar win was in the opening round of the 1983 CART PPG Indy Car World Series at the Atlanta Motor Speedway driving a Cosworth powered Patrick Wildcat. Johncock, who started 3rd on the grid, won the 200 mile, 132 lap race at an average of 146.133 mph from the Penske-Cosworth of Al Unser and John Paul, Jr. in a 1982 model Penske-Cosworth.

paragraph: Johncock competed in twenty-one NASCAR Sprint Cup Series events in his career. He earned three top-fives and four top-tens in his limited schedules. The best of those finishes were a pair of fourths in 1973 at Daytona and 1966 at Rockingham.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:First retirement.

paragraph: Johncock abruptly retired from IndyCar racing during the first week of practice for the 1985 Indianapolis 500, just before qualifications. He served on the IMS Radio Network in 1985 but decided to return to racing in 1986. He planned to enter the 1986 Indianapolis 500, but his funding for a car fell through. He wound up sitting out the race. He attempted another return in 1987. During the first week of time trials, Jim Crawford suffered serious injuries to his feet. Johncock was hired to drive in replacement and qualified for the race.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.:Second retirement.

paragraph: Johncock completed a sixth-place finish in the 1991 Indy 500, despite having flu-like symptoms the morning of the race. His final race was the 1992 Indy 500, where he dropped out with engine failure. Since his retirement, Johncock has distanced himself from motorsports, and focuses on his timber business in Michigan. He participated in a 2004 interview on ESPN Classic's "Big Ticket" review of the 1982 Indy 500. In the interview, he admitted that his interests in racing were now limited, and was no longer his daily focus. In discussing the 1973 race, Johncock appeared to have made peace with the circumstances. While most discredit the race as being rain-shortened, and for its overall miserable memories, Johncock insisted that his car was undoubtedly the fastest on the track, led easily, and was not simply in front at the time of the red flag by chance.

paragraph: Johncock chose not to attend the 2011 Indianapolis 500, which celebrated the 100th anniversary of the first race. Despite the fact that all living former participants, and particularly living former winners, were invited, Johncock did not attend any of the festivities, seemingly by choice. A year later, Speedway officials again invited him to attend, and he did return to the Speedway and participated in pre-race festivities at the 2012 race.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johncock was inducted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame in 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1999 he was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- NASCAR Stats at Racing-Reference.info

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greatest 33 Profile Article

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Greatest 33

description: American racecar driver

wikidata_label: Gordon Johncock

wikipedia_title: Gordon Johncock


text: Frankenthal

text: Germany

text: Pennsylvania German

text: Hiwwe wie Driwwe

text: C. Richard Beam

text: Center for Pennsylvania German Studies

text: Millersville University

text: Palatinate

text: Ebertsheim

text: Bockenheim an der Weinstraße

text: German-Pennsylvanian Association

text: Kutztown University

text: Pennsylvania

text: German-Pennsylvanian Archive

text: Ober-Olm 2002-

text: We're Going on a Bear Hunt

text: Rheinland-Pfälzisches Literaturlexikon

categories: European-American society,Culture of Lancaster, Pennsylvania,German-American culture in Pennsylvania,German diaspora in North America,Pennsylvania German culture,1965 births,Publishers (people) of German-language newspapers in the United States,Living people

paragraph: Michael Werner (publisher)

paragraph: Michael Werner (born 1965 in Frankenthal, Germany) is a publisher of Pennsylvania German publications and writer of Pennsylvania German articles, prose and poetry. He is the founder and publisher of the only existing Pennsylvania German newspaper, "Hiwwe wie Driwwe".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Werner was raised in the Palatinate (Germany). Members of his family had emigrated from this area to the U.S. in the 19th century. He studied at the University of Mannheim and holds a Master's degree in General Linguistics, Germans Studies and Sociology. His Ph.D. Thesis is dealing with Pennsylvania German literature. Werner is working as publishing director of a B2B publishing house in Mainz (Germany).

paragraph: Section::::Activities.

paragraph: In 1993, he became a student of C. Richard Beam (1925-2018), director of the Center for Pennsylvania German Studies at Millersville University (PA). In the same year, Werner started a private "Archive for Pennsylvania German Literature" in the Palatinate, Germany. In 1996, the newspaper "Hiwwe wie Driwwe" was founded by him in Ebertsheim, Palatinate (Germany). Actually, it is being published bi-annually. Since 1998, he has been a member of the jury of the oldest Palatine Dialect Writers Contest in Bockenheim an der Weinstraße, Palatinate (Germany). In 2003, Michael Werner was one of the co-founders of the German-Pennsylvanian Association and the first president of the association (until 2010). Since 2008, Werner invites speakers of Pennsylvania German to give presentations about the language and culture in Germany. In 2013, "Hiwwe wie Driwwe" started a cooperation with the Pennsylvania German Cultural Heritage Center at Kutztown University (PA). The editorial office was moved to Pennsylvania in 2015. In 2017, Werner donated his private archive of Pennsylvania German literature and folk life to the Mennonite Research Center at Weierhof (Palatinate, Germany), where it will be presented to the public as "Deutsch-Pennsylvanisches Archiv" (German-Pennsylvanian Archive).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael (Ed.): Hiwwe wie Driwwe. The Pennsylvania German Review (Newspaper). Ebertsheim/Ober-Olm/Kutztown 1997-.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael: "Ebbes aus em alte Land". Newspaper Column. In: The Pennsylvania German Review (Kutztown, PA), 2001-2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael: "Ebbes in die Mudderschprooch". Newspaper Column. In: The Diary (Gordonville, PA), 2003-2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael: "S Katz Deitsch Schtick". Internet Blog. In: hiwwe-wie-driwwe.de. Ober-Olm 2002-.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael et al. (Ed.): Mit Pennsylvanisch-Deitsch darich's Yaahr. A Pennsylvania German Reader for Grandparents and Grandchildren. Neckarsteinach 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael (Transl.): Es globbt beim Sammy in der Nacht (Children's Book). Neckarsteinach 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael: "Der Uncle Saem findt uns gedrei" - A Multimedia Performance (Texts, Music, Pictures & Videos), presented by the "New Paltz Band". Ober-Olm/Frankenthal/Schifferstadt 2013-.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael (Transl.): Kumm, mer gehne Baere yaage (engl. Original: We're Going on a Bear Hunt, by Michael Rosen). Neckarsteinach/Morgantown (PA) 2014.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael: Pennsylvanisch-Deitsch im Yahr 2015. A Hiwwe wie Driwwe Documentary. Published on youtube.com (30 minutes).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael (Ed.): DEITSCH. News und Geschichten aus dem Pennsylvania Dutch Country. A Hiwwe wie Driwwe Publication (E-Paper). Ober-Olm 2015-2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael / Louden, Mark / Sauer, Walter (Eds.): Die Erschte Dausend Wadde in Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch. Neckarsteinach 2018.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael: En neier Sound im neie Land - 32 New Songs in Pennsylvania Dutch. Ober-Olm 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and acknowledgements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: Member of the jury of the Palatine Dialect Writers Contest in Bockenheim (Palatinate, Germany)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Guest commentary" by the prime minister of Rhineland-Palatinate on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of "Hiwwe wie Driwwe"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "10th J. William Frey Lecturer", Franklin & Marshall College (Lancaster, PA)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Medienpreis Pfalz", Bezirksverband Pfalz (short list) - for "Hiwwe wie Driwwe"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Emichsburg-Preis", Förderkreis Mundart Bockenheim e.V. - together with Frank Kessler, Dr. Walter Sauer and Doris Schweitzer in place of the "German-Pennsylvanian Association" (Deutsch-Pennsylvanischer Arbeitskreis e.V.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019: Participant of the "Deutschlandjahr USA 2018/19" together with his band "New Paltz", selected by the Goethe Institute Washington (D.C.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019: Participant of the "Pennsylvania German Writing Festival" at the 70th Kutztown Folk Festival

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner, Michael (Ed.): "Hiwwe wie Driwwe - The Pennsylvania German Review", Ober-Olm 1997-2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- hiwwe-wie-driwwe.de: Retrieved on February 25, 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jennifer Trout: "One Possible Future of Pennsylvania German in the 21st Century - J. William Frey Lecture by Dr. Michael Werner, Ober-Olm, Germany. In: Journal of the Center for Pennsylvania German Studies. Vol. 14, No. 3 (Summer 2007): 4-5.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Literature written by Michael Werner - Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiwwe wie Driwwe | Die Pennsylvanisch-Deitsch Zeiding

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deutsch-Pennsylvanischer Arbeitskreis e.V. | German-Pennsylvanian Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rheinland-Pfälzisches Literaturlexikon

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Paltz - The Hiwwe wie Driwwe Folkband

description: publisher

wikidata_label: Michael Werner

wikipedia_title: Michael Werner (publisher)


text:
queen
Mayan
Tikal
Kaloomteʼ Bahlam
Chak Tok Ichʼaak II
Stela
Bird Claw
Lady Six Sky
Dos Pilas
Naranjo

categories: 6th century in the Maya civilization,6th-century women rulers,Rulers of Tikal,6th-century monarchs in North America,Maya queens,504 births,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Lady of Tikal

paragraph: Lady of Tikal, also known as Woman of Tikal (September 1, 504 – after ), was a queen of the Mayan city of Tikal. She took the throne on April 19, 511 and reigned until about 527.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to the inscription on Stela 23, the Lady of Tikal assumed a leadership role on April 19, 511, at the age of six, but did not rule on her own. Instead, she co-ruled with an individual named Kaloomteʼ Bahlam. She was possibly the daughter of Chak Tok Ichʼaak II. Lady of Tikal was depicted on Stela 23, which was broken and later re-erected incomplete. It is presumed that Stela 6 and Stela 12 also mention Lady of Tikal, but she is referred to by a different name. Her relationship to Bird Claw, who may have been her successor (and the 20th ruler of Tikal), is unknown due to problems deciphering the text of Stela 8, but it is important to note that Bird Claw does not carry the Tikal emblem.

paragraph: The name "Lady of Tikal" can also refer to Lady Six Sky of Dos Pilas/Naranjo, more commonly known as "Woman of Tikal". The first Lady of Tikal was born in September 504 while Lady Six Sky acceded to the throne at Naranjo in 682.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Lady of Tikal

wikipedia_title: Lady of Tikal


text: Iceland

text: grammarian

text: philologist

text: Fjölnismenn

text: Langamýri

text: Skagafjörður

text: Gísli Konráðsson

text: Danish

text: arithmetic

text: Latin

text: Jón Konráðsson

text: Álftanes

text: Hallgrímur Scheving

text: Bessastaðir

text: Latin

text: University of Copenhagen

text: jurisprudence

text: Nordic

text: philology

text: Jónas Hallgrímsson

text: Brynjólfur Pétursson

text: Tómas Sæmundsson

text: Fjölnismenn

text: Fjölnir

text: Jónas Hallgrímsson

text: Arnamagnæan Institute

text: Icelandic language

text: Richard Cleasby

text: Guðbrandur Vigfússon

text: Old Icelandic

text: Old Icelandic

text: Modern Icelandic

text: Um frumparta íslenzkrar túngu í fornöld

text: Njáls saga

text: Det nordiske Literatur-Samfund

text: Veraldar saga

text: Icelandic sagas

text: Learned School of Reykjavik

text: Nordic philology

text: Fjölnismenn

text: Arnamagnæan Institute

text: Konráð Gíslason síðasti Fjölnismaðurinn

categories: 1891 deaths,Indo-Europeanists,Linguists from Iceland,19th-century philologists,1807 births

paragraph: Konráð Gíslason

paragraph: Konráð Gíslason (3 July 1808 – 26 January 1891) was an Icelandic grammarian and philologist, and one of the "Fjölnismenn", a group of Icelandic intellectuals who spearheaded the revival of Icelandic national consciousness in the 19th century.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Konráð was born in Langamýri in Skagafjörður, Iceland. He was the oldest child of chronicler Gísli Konráðsson and his wife Efemía Benediktsdóttir. In his early years he was instructed in Danish, arithmetic and Latin by pastor Jón Konráðsson and his daughter, but otherwise received no formal schooling, herding sheep on his father's farm.

paragraph: At the age of 17 Konráð travelled south to seek employment in the fisheries, and worked in Álftanes over the summer as a manual labourer for Hallgrímur Scheving, a teacher at the Bessastaðir school. Soon Hallgrímur called on his young employee to assist him in philological analysis of medieval Icelandic texts and taught him Latin. Konráð proved a gifted pupil and Hallgrímur obtained a stipend for him to study at Bessastaðir.

paragraph: In 1831, Konráð finished his education at Bessastaðir and travelled to Denmark to study at the University of Copenhagen. He initially studied jurisprudence but soon abandoned the law to focus on Nordic and Icelandic philology.

paragraph: Jónas Hallgrímsson, Brynjólfur Pétursson and Tómas Sæmundsson had been his fellow students at both Bessastaðir and the University of Copenhagen. In 1834, the four of them—collectively known as the "Fjölnismenn"—founded the Icelandic journal "Fjölnir" and published the first issue in the following year. Later, in 1847, Konráð and Brynjólfur were the first to publish the poems of Jónas Hallgrímsson.

paragraph: Section::::Academic work.

paragraph: Konráð wanted to adapt Icelandic spelling to actual pronunciation and introduced a new system of Icelandic spelling in the second copy of "Fjölnir". However, his ideas never caught on and he would later abandon the project. In 1839 he received a grant from the Arnamagnæan Institute and spent the following years working on a Danish-Icelandic dictionary alongside research into the Icelandic language. Konráð's contributions to the development of Icelandic as a written language were extensive.

paragraph: Konráð was a pioneer in the field of Icelandic dictionaries, publishing a Danish-Icelandic dictionary in 1851. He also contributed to an Icelandic-English dictionary by Richard Cleasby and Guðbrandur Vigfússon. He studied Old Icelandic and was the first scholar to distinguish Old Icelandic from Modern Icelandic in his seminal work "Um frumparta íslenzkrar túngu í fornöld" (English: "On the constituent parts of the Icelandic tongue in ancient times") (1846).

paragraph: Konráð also published several Old Icelandic texts, among them "Njáls saga", in conjunction with the society "Det nordiske Literatur-Samfund" (English: The Nordic Literature Foundation) and "Veraldar saga". His publications of the Icelandic sagas did much to introduce medieval Icelandic literature to the Danish reading public.

paragraph: In 1846 he was granted a teaching position at the Learned School of Reykjavik, which he later declined, having been promised a lectureship in Nordic philology at the University of Copenhagen. He was granted this position in 1848 and was made full professor in 1853, a position which he held until 1886.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Konráð's Danish fiancée died in 1846, shortly before the intended date of their wedding, leaving him grief-stricken. Nine years later he married her widowed sister and the two lived together until her death in 1877. She had a mentally handicapped son from her previous marriage, whom Konráð is said to have treated kindly.

paragraph: He is often referred to as "the last of the "Fjölnismenn"", in reference to the fact that he was the only one of the four who did not die at a young age. Konráð was known as a stubborn and difficult man, and in later life he grew gradually more isolated from the Icelandic community in Copenhagen.

paragraph: In his will, Konráð stipulated that all his property, including his books and medieval manuscripts, should be donated to the Arnamagnæan Institute.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aðalgeir Kristjánsson, "Bréf Konráðs Gíslasonar" (Stofnun Árna Magnússonar, 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Æfiágrip Gísla sagnfræðings Konráðssonar, ritað af honum sjálfum

paragraph: BULLET::::- Konráð Gíslason síðasti Fjölnismaðurinn

alias:
Konrád Gíslason
Konrad Gislason

description: Icelandic grammarian and philologist

wikidata_label: Konráð Gíslason

wikipedia_title: Konráð Gíslason


text: Pope

text: Cistercian

text: fall of Edessa

text: Second Crusade

text: First Crusade

text: beatified

text: Pope Pius IX

text: Pisa

text: archdiocese of Pisa

text: Pope Innocent II

text: Bernard of Clairvaux

text: Cistercian Order

text: Clairvaux

text: Scandriglia

text: Innocent II

text: Rome

text: College of Cardinals

text: elected pope

text: Lucius II

text: Bernard of Clairvaux

text: Curia

text: Rome

text: monastery of Farfa

text: Arnold of Brescia

text: Commune of Rome

text: Giordano Pierleoni

text: Patrician

text: Tivoli, Italy

text: Roger II of Sicily

text: Robert of Selby

text: Viterbo

text: Siena

text: fall of Edessa

text: Urfa

text: bull

text: Quantum praedecessores

text: Louis VII of France

text: crusade

text: diet

text: Speyer

text: King of the Romans

text: Conrad III

text: Second Crusade

text: Europe

text: Paris

text: Rheims

text: Trier

text: Hildegard of Bingen

text: Italy

text: Prince Ptolemy

text: Tusculum

text: Crusade

text: Louis VII of France

text: Eleanor of Aquitaine

text: Sicily

text: Frederick I Barbarossa

text: Cistercian

text: Vatican

text: Pope Pius IX

text: Knights Templar

text: Saint Bernard of Clairvaux

text: "On Consideration"

categories: Italian beatified people,1080s births,Italian Cistercians,Pope Eugene III,12th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Christians of the Second Crusade,People from Pisa,1153 deaths,Year of birth unknown,Popes,Christians of the Wendish Crusade,12th-century popes,Beatified popes,Cistercian popes,Italian popes

paragraph: Pope Eugene III

paragraph: Pope Eugene III (; c. 1080 – 8 July 1153), born Bernardo Pignatelli, called Bernardo da Pisa, was Pope from 15 February 1145 to his death in 1153. He was the first Cistercian to become Pope. In response to the fall of Edessa to the Muslims in 1144, Eugene proclaimed the Second Crusade. The crusade failed to recapture Edessa, which was the first of many failures by the Christians in the crusades to recapture lands won in the First Crusade.

paragraph: He was beatified on 28 December 1872 by Pope Pius IX on the account of his sanctity.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Bernardo was born in the vicinity of Pisa. Little is known about his origins and family except that he was son of a certain Godius. From the 16th century he is commonly identified as member of the family of Paganelli di Montemagno, which belonged to the Pisan aristocracy, but this has not been proven and contradicts earlier testimonies that suggest he was a man of rather humble origins. In 1106 he was a canon of the cathedral chapter in Pisa and from 1115 is attested as subdeacon. 1133–1138 he acted as "vicedominus" of the archdiocese of Pisa.

paragraph: Between May 1134 and February 1137 he was ordained to the priesthood by Pope Innocent II, who resided at that time in Pisa. Under the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux he entered the Cistercian Order in the monastery of Clairvaux in 1138. A year later he returned to Italy as leader of the Cistercian community in Scandriglia. In Autumn 1140, Pope Innocent II named him abbot of the monastery of S. Anastasio alle Tre Fontane outside Rome. Some chronicles indicate that he was also elevated to the College of Cardinals, but these testimonies probably resulted from a confusion because Bernardo is not attested as cardinal in any document and from the letter of Bernard of Clairvaux addressed to the cardinals shortly after his election clearly appears that he was not a cardinal.

paragraph: Section::::Papal election.

paragraph: Bernardo was elected pope on 15 February 1145, the same day as the death of his predecessor Lucius II who had unwisely decided to take the offensive against the Roman Senate and was killed by a "heavy stone" thrown at him during an attack on the Capitol. He took the pontifical name of "Eugene III". He was "a simple character, gentle and retiring - not at all, men thought, the material of which Popes are made". He owed his elevation partly to the fact that no one was eager to accept an office the duties of which were at the time so difficult and dangerous and because the election was "held on safe Frangipani territory".

paragraph: His election was assisted by being a friend and pupil of Bernard of Clairvaux, the most influential ecclesiastic of the Western Church and a strong assertor of the pope's temporal authority. The choice did not have the approval of Bernard, however, who remonstrated against the election, writing to the entire Curia:"May God forgive you what you have done! ... What reason or counsel, when the Supreme Pontiff was dead, made you rush upon a mere rustic, lay hands on him in his refuge, wrest from his hands the axe, pick or hoe, and lift him to a throne?"Bernard was equally forthright in his views directly to Eugene, writing:"Thus does the finger of God raise up the poor out of the dust and lift up the beggar from the dunghill that he may sit with princes and inherit the throne of glory."Despite these criticisms, Eugene seems to have borne no resentment to Bernard and notwithstanding these criticisms, after the choice was made, Bernard took advantage of the qualities in Eugene III which he objected to, so as virtually to rule in his name.

paragraph: Section::::Pontificate.

paragraph: During nearly the whole of his pontificate, Eugene III was unable to reside in Rome. Hardly had he left the city to be consecrated in the monastery of Farfa (about 40 km north of Rome), when the citizens, under the influence of Arnold of Brescia, the great opponent of the Pope's temporal power, established the old Roman constitution, the Commune of Rome and elected Giordano Pierleoni to be "Patrician". Eugene III appealed for help to Tivoli, Italy, to other cities at feud with Rome, and to King Roger II of Sicily (who sent his general Robert of Selby), and with their aid was successful in making such conditions with the Roman citizens as enabled him for a time to hold the semblance of authority in his capital. But as he would not agree to a treacherous compact against Tivoli, he was compelled to leave the city in March 1146. He stayed for some time at Viterbo, and then at Siena, but went ultimately to France.

paragraph: On hearing of the fall of Edessa (now the modern day city of Urfa, the first of the Crusader states established in the Levant) to the Turks, which occurred in 1144, he had, in December 1145, addressed the bull "Quantum praedecessores" to Louis VII of France, calling on him to take part in another crusade. At a great diet held at Speyer in 1146, King of the Romans Conrad III and many of his nobles were also incited to dedicate themselves to the crusade by the eloquence of Bernard who preached to an enormous crowd at Vézelay.

paragraph: In the end, the Second Crusade was "an ignominious fiasco" and, after travelling for a year, the army abandoned their campaign after just five days of siege "having regained not one inch of Muslim territory." The crusaders suffered immense losses in both men and materiel and suffered, in the view of one modern historian, "the ultimate humiliation which neither they, nor their enemies, would forget".

paragraph: Eugene III held synods in northern Europe at Paris, Rheims (March 1148), and Trier in 1147 that were devoted to the reform of clerical life. He also considered and approved the works of Hildegard of Bingen.

paragraph: In June 1148, Eugene III returned to Italy and took up his residence at Viterbo. He was unable to return to Rome due to the popularity of Arnold of Brescia, who opposed Papal temporal authority, in the city. He established himself at Prince Ptolemy's fortress in Tusculum, the closest town to Rome at which he could safely install himself, on 8 April 1149.

paragraph: There he met the returning Crusader king Louis VII of France and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine who were by then barely on speaking terms given the strains of the failed Crusade and the suggestion that Eleanor may have entered into a relationship with her uncle Raymond during the Crusade. Eugene, "a gentle, kind-hearted man who hated to see people unhappy" attempted to assuage the pain of the failed Crusade and their failing marriage by insisting that they slept in the same bed and "by daily converse to restore the love between them". His efforts were unsuccessful, and two years later Eugene agreed to annul the marriage on the grounds of consanguinity. Eleanor went on to remarry and become the wife of one King of England, and the mother of two.

paragraph: Eugene stayed at Tusculum until 7 November. At the end of November 1149, through the aid of the King of Sicily, he was again able to enter Rome, but the atmosphere of open hostility from the Comune soon compelled him to retire (June 1150).

paragraph: The Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had promised to aid him against his revolted subjects, but this was not to be: Eugene III died at Tivoli on 8 July 1153. Though the citizens of Rome were jealous of the efforts of Eugene III to assert his temporal authority, they were always ready to recognize him as their spiritual lord. Besides that, they deeply reverenced his personal character. Until the day of his death he continued to wear, under his robes, the coarse habit of a Cistercian monk. Accordingly, he was buried in the Vatican with every mark of respect, and his tomb soon acquired an extraordinary fame for miraculous cures.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: The people of Rome were quick to recognize Eugene III as a pious figure who was meek and spiritual. His tomb acquired considerable fame owing to the miracle purported to have occurred there and his cause for sainthood commenced. Pope Pius IX beatified him in 1872.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knights Templar

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Original text from the 9th edition (1879) of an unnamed encyclopedia. Original referred to him as Eugene – modified to match spelling on Popes list. Please update article as needed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Horn, "Studien zur Geschichte Papst Eugens III.(1145–1153)", Peter Lang Verlag 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, "On Consideration", (addressed to Pope Eugene III), George Lewis, trans., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908.

alias: Bernardus Sancti Anastasii ad Aquas Salvias

description: pope

enwikiquote_title: Pope Eugene III

wikidata_label: Eugene III

wikipedia_title: Pope Eugene III


text: Norwegian

text: metaphysician

text: mountaineer

text: philosophically pessimistic

text: Arthur Schopenhauer

text: antinatalism

text: The Last Messiah

text: On the Tragic

text: nature

text: humanity

text: paradox

text: The Last Messiah

text: Anchoring

text: morality

text: Distraction

text: Sublimation

text: environmentalism

text: nature conservation

text: childless by choice

text: Oslo

text: Den fortapte sønn

text: Oslo

text: occasional verse

text: Trondheim

text: Kaare Espolin Johnson

text: Biosophy

text: Emil Cioran

text: Existential crisis

text: Herman Tønnessen

text: Nihilism

text: University of Oslo

text: University of the Arctic

text: Family genealogy

categories: 1899 births,People from Tromsø,Norwegian philosophers,1990 deaths,Anti-natalists,20th-century philosophers,Norwegian male writers,Existentialists,Metaphysicians

paragraph: Peter Wessel Zapffe

paragraph: Peter Wessel Zapffe (December 18, 1899 – October 12, 1990) was a Norwegian metaphysician, author, lawyer and mountaineer. He is often noted for his philosophically pessimistic and fatalistic view of human existence—his system of philosophy in line with the work of the earlier philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, by whom he was inspired—as well as his firm advocacy of antinatalism. His thoughts regarding the error of human life are presented in the essay "The Last Messiah" (Norwegian: "Den sidste Messias", 1933). This essay is a shorter version of his best-known work, the philosophical treatise "On the Tragic" ("Om det tragiske", 1941).

paragraph: Section::::Philosophical work.

paragraph: Zapffe's view is that humans are born with an overdeveloped skill (understanding, self-knowledge) which does not fit into nature's design. The human craving for justification on matters such as life and death cannot be satisfied, hence humanity has a need that nature cannot satisfy. The tragedy, following this theory, is that humans spend all their time trying not to be human. The human being, therefore, is a paradox.

paragraph: In "The Last Messiah" Zapffe described four principal defense mechanisms that humankind uses to avoid facing this paradox:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isolation is "a fully arbitrary dismissal from consciousness of all disturbing and destructive thought and feeling".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anchoring is the "fixation of points within, or construction of walls around, the liquid fray of consciousness". The anchoring mechanism provides individuals a value or an ideal that allows them to focus their attentions in a consistent manner. Zapffe also applied the anchoring principle to society, and stated "God, the Church, the State, morality, fate, the laws of life, the people, the future" are all examples of collective primary anchoring firmaments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Distraction is when "one limits attention to the critical bounds by constantly enthralling it with impressions". Distraction focuses all of one's energy on a task or idea to prevent the mind from turning in on itself.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sublimation is the refocusing of energy away from negative outlets, toward positive ones. The individuals distance themselves and look at their existence from an aesthetic point of view (e.g., writers, poets, painters). Zapffe himself pointed out that his produced works were the product of sublimation.

paragraph: Zapffe was a prolific mountaineer and took a very early interest in environmentalism. This form of nature conservationism sprung from the intent, not of protecting nature, but to avoid human culturalization of nature. He is the author of many humorous short stories about climbing and other adventures in nature.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Zapffe married twice. He remained married to his second wife Berit Zapffe until his death in 1990. Berit died in May 2008. Zapffe remained childless by choice.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Om det tragiske" (En: "On the Tragic"), Oslo, 1941 and 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Den fortapte sønn. En dramatisk gjenfortælling" (En: ""), Oslo, 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Indføring i litterær dramaturgi" (En: "Introduction to Literary Dramaturgy"), Oslo, 1961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Den logiske sandkasse. Elementær logikk for universitet og selvstudium" (En: "The Logical Sandpit: Elementary Logic for University and Individual Study"), Oslo, 1965.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lyksalig pinsefest. Fire samtaler med Jørgen" (En: "Blissful Pentecost: Four Dialogues with Jørgen"), Oslo, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hos doktor Wangel. En alvorlig spøk i fem akter" (En: "With Doctor Wangel: An Earnest Jest in Five Acts"), by Ib Henriksen (pseudonym.), Oslo, 1974. Play.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rikets hemmelighet. En kortfattet Jesus-biografi" (En: "The Secret of the Kingdom: A Short Biography of Jesus"), Oslo, 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collections of his shorter writings

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Essays og epistler" (En: "Essays and epistles"), Oslo, 1967.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Barske glæder og andre temaer fra et liv under åpen himmel" (En: "Rough Joys, and other themes from a life lived under the open sky"), Oslo 1969.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spøk og alvor. Epistler og leilighetsvers" (En: "Jest and Earnest: epistles and occasional verse"), Oslo, 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hvordan jeg blev så flink og andre tekster" (En: "How I Became So Clever, and other texts"), Oslo, 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Other works

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vett og uvett. Stubber fra Troms og Nordland" (En: "Sense and Nonsense: Short Stories from Troms and Nordland") by Einar K. Aas and P. W. Zapffe, Trondheim 1942. Illustrated by Kaare Espolin Johnson.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biosophy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emil Cioran

paragraph: BULLET::::- Existential crisis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herman Tønnessen

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nihilism

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peter Wessel Zapffes fotografier til Nasjonalbiblioteket

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philosopher of tragedy" by Thomas Hylland Eriksen

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The View from Mount Zapffe" by Gisle Tangenes

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Oslo

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of the Arctic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family genealogy

description: Norwegian philosopher, mountaineer, and author

enwikiquote_title: Peter Wessel Zapffe

wikidata_label: Peter Wessel Zapffe

wikipedia_title: Peter Wessel Zapffe


text:
Habib
CE
AH
Rabi' al-awwal
Indonesian scholar
Hadhramaut
Grand Mufti
Kutai
Al-Masilah
Hadhramaut
Ba 'Alawi sada
Sayyid
Sharif
Nusantara
Indonesia
Penang
Malaysia
Hamengkubuwana II
Netherlands
Tarim
Aden
Batavia
Surabaya
Ambon
Tenggarong
Adji Raden Sajid Fadly
Samarinda
Jakarta
leprosy
Tenggarong
penghulu
mufti
Sharia
Sufism
Kalimantan
da'wah
jihad
Alwi bin Abdullah al-Habsy
Arab Captain
Barabai
South Kalimantan
Sangkulirang
Tenggarong
Kutai Kartanegara Regency
East Kalimantan

categories: 19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam,Hashemite people,1947 deaths,Indonesian Muslims,Indonesian people of Yemeni descent,1844 births,Sunni Sufis

paragraph: Muhammad bin Yahya

paragraph: Habib Muhammad bin Yahya (; full name: (); 1844 CE/1260 AH - February 17, 1947 CE/Rabi' al-awwal 26, 1366 AH) or better known as the title of Prince Noto Igomo was an Indonesian scholar from Hadhramaut who became the Grand Mufti of Kutai during the reign of Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (1899-1910).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Habib Muhammad bin Yahya was born in 1260 AH (1844 CE) in Al-Masilah, a small village in Hadhramaut. Muhammad came from the family of Ba 'Alawi sada surnamed Aal bin Yahya, his father named Sayyid Ali bin Hasan bin Thaha bin Yahya (d.1875), while his mother was a Sharifah from the family of bin Thahir. The father of his grandfather, Habib Thaha bin Muhammad bin Yahya was his ancestor who first entered Nusantara. He first entered Indonesia via Penang, Malaysia. In Penang, he met Sultan Hamengkubuwana II (1750–1828) who exiled by the Netherlands, who later became his disciple as well as his father-in-law.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: During his lifetime, Habib Muhammad bin Yahya was married to four women. "First", he married in Tarim while traveling from Hadhramaut to Aden via Tarim, from which he had no offspring. "Secondly", when traveling from Batavia to Surabaya he married a girl from Surabaya who gave him a daughter named Sharifah Fatimah. "Third", he married in Ambon while traveling from Surabaya to Ambon to met his cousin Habib Abdullah bin Ali bin Abdurrahman bin Thahir, from whom he had a son named Sayyid Ali. "Fourth", he married in Tenggarong with Aji Aisyah gelar Aji Raden Resminingpuri, daughter of Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (19th Sultan of Kutai) and sister of Aji Muhammad Parikesit (20th Sultan of Kutai). From his marriage to Aji Aisyah, he was awarded 9 children, 6 men (Sayid Ahmad, Sayid Umar, Sayid Ali, Sayid Barri, Sayid Abdul Maula, and Sayid Hussein) and 3 women (Sharifah Sehhah, Sharifah Nur, and Sharifah Fatimah). Because of his marriage to the Kutai nobility, his descendants were later given the title Aji Sayid for men and Aji Syarifah for women. Adji Raden Sajid Fadly, an Indonesian actor from Samarinda is one of his descendants.

paragraph: Section::::Migrate to Indonesia.

paragraph: Section::::Migrate to Indonesia.:Journey from Hadhramaut.

paragraph: The thing behind the immigration of Habib Muhammad bin Yahya to Indonesia in addition to visiting his relatives in Batavia (now Jakarta) and Ambon who first migrated, also for trade and preach. The route from Al-Masilah, Hadhramaut to Indonesia there are two versions, "first", from Masilah-Tarim-Aden-Batavia-Surabaya-Ambon-Tenggarong; second, from Masilah-Tarim-Aden-Batavia-Surabaya-Ambon-Surabaya-Tenggarong.

paragraph: On his journey from Al-Masilah to Indonesia, Habib Muhammad passed Aden through Tarim. At Tarim, he's staying in a house where the owner is exposed to leprosy. By Allah's permission, the owner of the house affected by the leprosy was treated by him and healed. As gratitude, the homeowner then marry off his niece with Habib Muhammad. After surviving in Tarim for some time, Habib Muhammad then continued his journey to Aden until he reached Batavia.

paragraph: In Batavia, he visited his maternal uncle, Habib Abu Bakar bin Thahir. After continuing his journey to Surabaya, in Boto Putih he studied religion to Habib Shaykh Bafaqih. In addition, he also met his cousin named Habib Abdullah bin Ali bin Abdurrahman bin Thahir who was in Ambon.

paragraph: Section::::Migrate to Indonesia.:Arrival in Tenggarong.

paragraph: Habib Muhammad bin Yahya arrived at Tenggarong in 1877. In Tenggarong, he married the daughter of Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (19th Sultan of Kutai) named Aji Aisyah gelar Aji Raden Resminingpuri.

paragraph: Section::::Activity.

paragraph: Section::::Activity.:Mufti of Kutai.

paragraph: Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin gave the position as the penghulu and mufti of the sultanate who had full authority to take care of all sultanate issues about religious to Habib Muhammad bin Yahya. He also obtained an honorary title from the Sultan with the title "Raden Syarif Penghulu", then was continued with the title of "Prince Noto Igomo". During his tenure, Prince Noto Igomo teaches Islam such as the laws of Sharia and Sufism to the people of Tenggarong and surrounding areas.

paragraph: Together with the Islamic scholars, he encouraged the acceleration of Islamic preaching in Kalimantan. One of the da'wah colleagues who supported his "jihad" was Habib Alwi bin Abdullah al-Habsy, an Arab Captain in Barabai, South Kalimantan. Both are close friends while in Hadhramaut and reunited in the land of Borneo.

paragraph: Section::::Activity.:Other activities.

paragraph: In addition to taking care and teaching religion, he also paid attention to people's welfare issues by way of inviting people to work on plantations. Together with the community, he then opened a coconut plantation in Sangkulirang, East Kutai; rattan plantations in Sandaran, East Kutai; and rubber plantations in Bukit Jering, Muara Kaman, Kutai Kartanegara.

paragraph: Section::::Died.

paragraph: On 26 Rabi' al-awwal 1366 AH or coinciding with 17 February 1947 CE, Habib Muhammad bin Yahya gelar Raden Syarif Prince Noto Igomo was died. His corpse was buried in Makam Kelambu Kuning, Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. The restingplace was adjacent to the tomb of his wife and father-in-law, Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin. Ceremonial to remember the death ("haul") of Habib Muhammad bin Yahya was always commemorated every year in Hasanuddin Mosque, Tenggarong.

alias:
Pangeran Noto Igomo
Habib Tenggarong

description: Indonesian Islamic scholar, Mufti of Kutai

wikidata_label: Muhammad bin Yahya

wikipedia_title: Muhammad bin Yahya


text: India

text: Bombay

text: Montrose

text: Provost

text: Edinburgh University

text: Guy's Hospital

text: St Thomas's Hospital

text: Alexander Burnes

text: Cutch State

text: East India Company

text: Deshalji II

text: Sindh

text: Bhuj

text: Hyderabad

text: Glasgow University

text: Fellow of the Royal Society

text: Guelphic Order

text: Forfarshire

text: London

text: Edinburgh

text: Poona

text: Grand Lodge of Scotland

text: Knights Templar

text: Grant Medical School

text: Montrose Academy

text: Byculla

text: Sir George Holmes

categories: Scottish Freemasons,Scottish writers,1801 births,1862 deaths,19th-century Scottish medical doctors

paragraph: James Burnes (surgeon)

paragraph: James Burnes (1801–1862) was a Scottish doctor and surgeon in India, who became physician-general of Bombay.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Burnes was born on 12 February 1801 at Montrose, where his father James Burnes was Provost. He was a medical student at Edinburgh University, and London's Guy's Hospital and St Thomas's Hospital.

paragraph: Burnes arrived in 1821 at Bombay, with his brother Alexander Burnes. After taking minor posts in the medical service, he was successful in the open competition for the office of surgeon to the residency of Cutch State, quite recently in the hands of the East India Company. The state was led by Deshalji II, a minor, and there was an incursion from Sindh that forced the British brigade to retire to Bhuj. Burnes accompanied, as a volunteer, the field force which in 1825 expelled the Sindians.

paragraph: With a flattering invitation, Burnes then visited Hyderabad in Sindh. He undertook what was a diplomatic mission to the satisfaction of the British. In England on sick leave in 1834, he was made an LL.D. of Glasgow University and a Fellow of the Royal Society, and received the knighthood of the Guelphic Order from William IV.

paragraph: On his return to India in 1837, Burnes was appointed garrison surgeon of Bombay, then secretary of the medical board, superintending surgeon, and finally physician-general. He was also a member of the board of education, and took an interest in the medical training of Indians. Poor health led him to resign in 1849, after twenty-eight years' service.

paragraph: On his return home, Burns occupied himself with the local affairs of Forfarshire, where he was a justice of the peace. He moved to London, England, and died there on 19 September 1862.

paragraph: Section::::Freemasonry.

paragraph: Burnes became a Freemason in an English Lodge: Benevolent Lodge, No. 480, in 1828, (Bombay, [Mumbai] India). That Lodge no longer exists. When in Scotland in 1834, he was made an honorary member of Lodge St Peter, No. 120, (Montrose). On 30 April 1835 he was made an honorary member of Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2, (Edinburgh).

paragraph: In 1836 he was appointed by the Grand Lodge of Scotland to be the Provincial Grand Master of Western India. His jurisdiction was later extended and he became Grand Master of all Scottish Freemasonry in India. During his term in office two Scottish Masonic Lodges were established. One by the name of Rising Star of Western India, No. 342, (Bombay) and the other, St Andrew-in-the-East, No. 343, (Poona, India). Both were granted Charters by the Grand Lodge of Scotland on 18 November 1844.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: A narrative of his visit to Sindh, sent in by Burnes as an official report to the resident at Cutch, was a contribution to the geography of India. It was published in book form, as "Narrative of a Visit to Scinde", in 1830. He wrote also a "Sketch of the History of Cutch" (lithographed for private circulation, 1829), and a "Sketch of the history" of the Knights Templar.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: When Burnes left Bombay, medals were founded, to be competed for at the Grant Medical School, Bombay, the Montrose Academy, and the boys' and girls' schools at Byculla. Both Scottish Lodges founded during Burnes' term as Grand Master continue to meet in Mumbai and Pune, India, (2019).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Burnes married in 1829 Sophia Holmes, daughter of Sir George Holmes, in Bombay; they had nine children. He married, as his second wife, Esther Pryce, in June 1862.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Grand Lodge of Antient Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2, (Edinburgh)

description: Scottish surgeon

wikidata_label: James Burnes

wikipedia_title: James Burnes (surgeon)


text:
Filiki Eteria
Alexandros Mavrokordatos
Chora
Ios
Patmos
Sifnos
Constantinople
Bucharest
Filiki Eteria
Transylvania
Rijeka
Greece
Hydra
Ios
Fifth National Assembly

categories: 1779 births,1843 deaths,Greek politicians,Greek revolutionaries

paragraph: Spyridon Valettas

paragraph: Spyridon Valettas (1779 - 11 June 1843) was a Greek scholar, a member of the Filiki Eteria and for a short time the first minister of education and ecclesiastics affairs in the short-lived government of Alexandros Mavrokordatos in 1841.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Chora in Ios island and came from a noble family. He was trained initially in Ios and later in Patmos, Sifnos and Constantinople. From 1818 he served in Bucharest as the secretary of the ruler Alexandros Soutsos. He translated many works, some by using a pseudonym. In 1818 he was also introduced to the Filiki Eteria. In 1821 he moved to Transylvania, where he stayed until 1827. From 1827 until 1829 he stayed in Rijeka. In October 1829 he left for Greece, where he arrived in November. He went to Hydra at the assembly against Kapodistrias in August 1831 and in July 1832 he represented Ios to the Fifth National Assembly, as mentioned in the Greek Government Gazette. In 1833 he is in Athens. He translated many literary and political works. He took part in the Government of Mavrocordatos as Minister of Public Education and Ecclesiastics affairs from 24 June to 11 August 1841. He died on 11 June 1843, leaving his fortune to public educational institutions.

description: Greek politician

wikidata_label: Spyridon Valetas

wikipedia_title: Spyridon Valettas


text:
Italian nobleman
Duke
Bomarzo
Marcello Lante della Rovere
Federico Cesi
Duke of Acquasparta
Villa Lante
Pietro da Cortona
Barberini
Pope Urban VIII
Francesco Barberini
Maffeo Barberini
Prince of Palestrina
baroque
architecture
defensive military
Villa Lante al Gianicolo
Gallese
Soriano
Giulio de' Medici
Antonio Lante Montefeltro della Rovere
Marie Anne de La Trémoille

categories: 1688 deaths,House of della Rovere,Montefeltro family,1618 births,People from Rome

paragraph: Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere

paragraph: Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere (15 June 1618 – 29 June 1688) was an Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lante was the son of Marcantonio Lante (1566–1643) and his wife Lucrezia della Rovere. He was nephew to his father's brother, Cardinal Marcello Lante della Rovere. His brother, Lodovico Lante married Olimpia Cesi, daughter of Federico Cesi, Duke of Acquasparta.

paragraph: He purchased the Villa at Bagnaia and it became known as the Villa Lante. He made a number of significant improvements to the Villa and its gardens and commissioned Pietro da Cortona to paint the "Allegory of War and Peace". Many of Cortona's previous commissions had come from the Barberini family including Pope Urban VIII and Francesco Barberini. Lante later became close to Francesco's nephew, Maffeo Barberini (Prince of Palestrina) who spent some time in residence at the Villa Lante.

paragraph: Lante's plan had been to alter the villa with more baroque art and architecture to move the estate away from the defensive military style with which it had first been built. Some of his plan was accomplished but the buildings remain a mix of architectural types.

paragraph: He also owned the Villa Lante al Gianicolo in Rome. Lante died 29 June 1688 in that city.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On 11 February 1688 he married Maria Cristina d'Altemps, daughter of Pietro d'Altemps (Duke of Gallese and Marquis of Soriano) and (granddaughter of Giulio de' Medici). They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonio Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, (1648–1716) who inherited his father's titles and married "Louise Angelique Charlotte de La Trémouille", sister of Marie Anne de La Trémoille.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marcello Lante Montefeltro della Rovere (born 1652)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luigi Lante Montefeltro della Rovere (born 1653)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lavinia Lante Montefeltro della Rovere (born 1655)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angela Lante Montefeltro della Rovere (born 1658)

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere

wikipedia_title: Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere


text:
Indian
Kochi
Kerala
Indian rock
Motherjane
Carnatic
Vypin Island
Cochin
Hawaiian guitar
Malayalam
Yesudas
Jimi Hendrix
Jimmy Page
Jeff Beck
Steve Vai
Joe Satriani
Reb Beach
Brian May
Illayaraja
Raveendran
Devarajan
Naushad
R.D. Burman
ghazal
Mehdi Hassan
Anup Jalota
Pankaj Udhas
Malayalam
Tamil
Hindi
film music
Jimi Hendrix
Jimmy Page
Steve Vai
Motherjane
Carnatic
Vande Mataram
Jana Gana Mana
Sanjeev Thomas
Karsh Kale
Naresh Iyer
Ustad Asad Khan
Midival Punditz
Susmit Sen
Kolkata
Jana Gana Mana
Vande Mataram
Mile Sur Mera Tumhara
Vaishnava Janato
Moham
"Baiju JD Awards"
Interview

categories: Indian male composers,Indian rock guitarists,Indian guitarists,Indian record producers,Musicians from Kochi,Living people

paragraph: Baiju Dharmajan

paragraph: Baiju Dharmajan is an Indian guitarist, music composer, producer and guitar tutor based out of Kochi, Kerala. A celebrated musician in his own country, Baiju had an extended stint during the 2000s as the lead guitarist of the Indian rock band Motherjane. He has been nicknamed the "God of Small Strings" by his fans. Baiju is particularly noted for his winding, Carnatic-inspired and enduring guitar solos.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Vypin Islands (near Cochin, India) to Thankamani and Dharmajan, Baiju started his musical career at the age of 14. He began with Carnatic violin but then slowly shifted to the guitar. His father used to play the Hawaiian guitar and his grandfather was a Carnatic musician. His first role as a performer began at the age of 5 as a guitar player in a traveling troop of musicians, giving him the opportunity to play with legendary Malayalam singer Yesudas.

paragraph: After relocating to his hometown in Vypin in the 90's, he started playing in a band called Instinct, followed by short stints with the bands Wrenz and Aatma. During one of the practice sessions of the band Aatma, he met John of Motherjane, who then invited him to audition for the lead guitarist position in the band.

paragraph: He has cited his influences as Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, Steve Vai, Joe Satriani, Reb Beach and Brian May.

paragraph: Baiju is also a big fan of Illayaraja and loves the compositions of other Indian composers like Raveendran, Devarajan, Naushad and R.D. Burman. His father had a vast collection of ghazals by Mehdi Hassan, Anup Jalota, and Pankaj Udhas and he grew up listening to Malayalam, Tamil and Hindi film music.

paragraph: His favourite guitarists include Jimi Hendrix , Jimmy Page, Steve Vai, Mattias Ekhlund and Guthrie Govan.

paragraph: Section::::Motherjane era.

paragraph: Baiju was the lead guitarist for Motherjane from 1999 through 2010, during which the band released two full-length albums– 'Insane Biography' in 2003 and 'Maktub' in 2008. The band was a popular live act in India in the 2000s and played at many festivals. Baiju has a major influence of the Carnatic musical style in his guitar riffs and solos. The other songs on the album Maktub are audibly influenced by Carnatic elements as well. Songs such as Mindstreet and Fields of Sound firmly describe Baiju's tonality.

paragraph: Section::::Collaborations and solo projects.

paragraph: Since 2010, Baiju has been working on collaborations and solo projects. He released his debut solo album titled 'The Crossover' in 2012 under the record label Cochym. Baiju's also contributed towards producing an EP for Kochi-based band 'Kaav'. He's released Indian rock versions of patriotic songs Mile Sur Mera Tumhara, Vande Mataram and the national anthem of India, Jana Gana Mana.

paragraph: Baiju's been a part of 'Kashmir' with Sanjeev Thomas, 'Karnatrix' with John Antony and 'Bluefire' with classical violinist Harikumar Sivan. Baiju also co-created "Sacred Science" for the popular TV Series The Dewarists with percussionist cum composer Karsh Kale and edakka drum teacher Harigovindan. Other collaborations include Sanjay Maroo, Naresh Iyer, Keith Peters, Ustad Asad Khan, Uday Jose, David Joseph, Midival Punditz and Susmit Sen. In 2013, he accompanied British "shred-king" Andy James for a workshop in Kolkata. In July 2014, his single 'Moham' was published by Songdew.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and recognitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Awarded – Prathibha Puraskaram (2014) - State of Kerala

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner – Best Indian Lead Guitarist (2014) – Jack Daniel’s Rock Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner – Best Indian Lead Guitarist (2008) – Jack Daniel’s Rock Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner – Best Indian Lead Guitarist (2007) – Jack Daniel’s Rock Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner – Best Indian Rock Album (2008) – Rolling Stone

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner – Rock Band of the Decade (2000-2010) – Rock Street Journal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner – Band of the Year (2009) – Rock Street Journal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner – Album of the Year (2009) – Rock Street Journal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner – Best Indian Rock Album (2003) – June Rock Out

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winner – Best International Rock Act (2009) – Asia’s Voice Independent Music Awards

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Insane Biography" with Motherjane – 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maktub" with Motherjane – 2008

paragraph: BULLET::::- "By the Moonlight" – Wrenz United – 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- " The Crossover" – Baiju Dharmajan Solo – 2012

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jana Gana Mana – Baiju Dharmajan – 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vande Mataram – Baiju Dharmajan – 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mile Sur Mera Tumhara – Baiju Dharmajan – 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vaishnava Janato – Baiju Dharmajan – 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moham – Baiju Dharmajan – 2014

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Production discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kaav" E.P – KAAV – 2010

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baiju JD Awards"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://web.archive.org/web/20110925031938/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/glam-sham/guitar-juggler-591

description: Indian Rock musician

wikidata_label: Baiju Dharmajan

wikipedia_title: Baiju Dharmajan


text:
East German top-flight
FC Hansa Rostock
East Germany
International career

categories: German footballers,East Germany international footballers,DDR-Oberliga players,People from Bezirk Rostock,East German footballers,F.C. Hansa Rostock players,1957 births,Footballers from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,Association football forwards,Sportspeople from Rostock,Living people

paragraph: Rainer Jarohs

paragraph: Rainer Jarohs (born August 8, 1957) is a German former footballer.

paragraph: He played in the East German top-flight only for FC Hansa Rostock (259 matches, 76 goals).

paragraph: In three full A internationals for East Germany he scored one goal.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- International career

description: German footballer

wikidata_label: Rainer Jarohs

wikipedia_title: Rainer Jarohs


text:
Lower Egypt
Second Intermediate Period
Jürgen von Beckerath
16th Dynasty
15th Dynasty
Kim Ryholt
Theban
scarab-seal
Petrie Museum
Heka-chasut
Ryholt
15th dynasty

paragraph: Aperanat

paragraph: 'Aper-'Anati (also written Aper-Anat and Aperanat) was a ruler of Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period in the mid-17th century BC. According to Jürgen von Beckerath he was the second king of the 16th Dynasty and a vassal of the Hyksos kings of the 15th Dynasty. This opinion was recently rejected by Kim Ryholt. In his 1997 study of the Second Intermediate Period, Ryholt argues that the kings of the 16th Dynasty ruled an independent Theban realm c. 1650–1580 BC. Consequently, Ryholt sees 'Aper-'Anati as an early Hyksos king of the 15th Dynasty, perhaps its second ruler. This analysis has convinced some egyptologists, such as Darrell Baker and Janine Bourriau, but not others including Stephen Quirke.

paragraph: 'Aper-'Anati is only known from a single scarab-seal, now in the Petrie Museum. On the scarab he is given the title of "Heka-chasut", which translates as "Ruler of the Foreign Lands" and from which the word "Hyksos" is derived. Significantly, this title was borne by the early Hyksos kings of the 15th Dynasty. Based on this evidence, Ryholt tentatively proposes that 'Aper-'Anati was the second ruler of the 15th dynasty, but points out that this identification is not certain.

alias: 'Aper-'Anati Aper-Anat

description: ancient Egyptian king of the Second Intermediate Period

wikidata_label: Aperanat

wikipedia_title: Aperanat


text:
Carlisle, Cumbria
Dalston, Cumbria
Carlisle
Hawkshead
Windermere
Cumbria
Grizedale Hall
City of London
Grocers' Company
Abram Newman
Mount Bures
Essex
Owen Rutter
Boston Harbour
Boston Tea Party
American Revolution
George III
cambric
Bury St Edmunds
Dalston Hall
Dalston, Cumbria
Sir George Dalston, 4th Baronet
Rose Hall, Montego Bay
Jamaica
Ann Thwaytes
Herne Bay Clock Tower
Fenchurch Street
Fenchurch Street
Essex
Barking
Carlisle
Dalston
Kendal
All Hallows Staining
St Olave Hart Street

categories: People from the City of London,English businesspeople,People from the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham,1713 births,People from Carlisle, Cumbria

paragraph: Monkhouse Davison

paragraph: Monkhouse Davison (1713–1793) was the senior partner in one of the leading grocers in 18th century London, Davison Newman and Co., that imported a wide range of produce including tea, coffee, sugar and spices. The company is best known today for the disposal of chests of its tea in the Boston Tea Party. Products branded with the company name are still being sold, over 360 years after its foundation.

paragraph: Monkhouse was born to wealthy parents Isaac and Jane Davison of Cowdall Hall (later known as Coledale Hall) in Newtown, on the outskirts of Carlisle, Cumbria. The name "Monkhouse" came from his mother's maiden name. Her family lived five miles away in Dalston, Cumbria.

paragraph: He had six siblings. John, who was born 13 years earlier in 1700 (who also became a grocer and served as the mayor of Carlisle in 1765), Jane in 1702, Isaac in 1703, Jacob in 1705, Thomas in 1716 and Mary in 1720. We know that Thomas also worked in the Davison Newman business until he died. The cost of his lavish funeral is recorded in detail.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: It's probable that father Isaac accumulated his wealth from a grocery business in Carlisle which led to three sons pursuing this line. Monkhouse must have moved to London in his early 20s to embark on his career probably as a result of a family connection with the Rawlinson family living 47 miles away in Hawkshead, close to Windermere in Cumbria.

paragraph: Daniel Rawlinson of Grizedale Hall, 1614–79, became a wine merchant in London. His son Sir Thomas Rawlinson was born in London in 1647 became Lord Mayor in 1706, and his great nephew, also called Thomas Rawlinson, ran a grocery business in Creechurch Lane in the City of London.

paragraph: We don’t know exactly when Monkhouse Davison joined the company "Thomas Rawlinson" but he was admitted to the Grocers' Company "by redemption" in 1738, when he was 25. By 1753 (when Monkhouse was 40) the company was called "Rawlinson and Davison" and described as "dealers in coffee, tea, chocolate, snuff, etc". Rawlinson died in 1769 and the company name was changed to "Davison Newman and Company".

paragraph: At the age of 28, in 1764, Abram Newman, of Mount Bures in Essex, joined Monkhouse (who at this time was 51) and became a partner in the business. On 12 June 1759, he married Mary (1720–1783), the sister of Monkhouse Davison. Five years later, the senior partner, Sir Thomas Rawlinson died and the company became known, as it is today, as Davison Newman and Co.

paragraph: Section::::Huge business expansion.

paragraph: The growth of the company is well documented in Owen Rutter's history of Davison Newman called "At the three sugar loaves and crown". He observed that, over a hundred-year period, the five earliest owners of the business - that's Walter Ray, Thomas Rawlinson, Monkhouse Davison, Abram Newman and William Thwaytes - each earned a fortune from the business.

paragraph: An obituary for Abram in 1799 read "He was one of the richest citizens of London, and a happy instance of the wonderful powers of accumulation by the steady pursuit of honourable industry. Without speculation or adventure he acquired £600,000 as a grocer."

paragraph: The vast range of produce traded included almonds, chocolate, confectionery, coffee from Turkey and Jamaica, figs, ginger, mustard, nuts, pepper, prunes, rice, snuff, sugar, tea from China, tobacco and truffles.

paragraph: The company accounts, in the mid 18th century, show that in just nine months £53,000 (about £80 million in today's money) of goods, mostly spices, were being imported from John Goddard in Rotterdam.

paragraph: Section::::Davison's tea leads to American Independence.

paragraph: The Davison and Newman customers were not only located across the British Isles but the company regularly shipped to North America. Over five months a Dublin merchant bought £6000 of tea (£9 million), spices and pepper, etc., a Bristol merchant in four months spent £4500, a Hull merchant spent £3842 in six months, and so on. The company must have been one of, if not the, largest grocery wholesaler in England. But they also had at least one retail outlet located in the City of London.

paragraph: In 1774, chests of tea from the company were amongst those thrown into Boston Harbour during the Boston Tea Party which started the American Revolution. The company sought compensation from George III for £480 for the loss of the tea.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: The surviving eighteenth century company records ensure an unusually good insight into the daily transactions of the business. But much less is known about the day-to-day lives of its directors.

paragraph: Public records show that both Monkhouse and Abram were generous benefactors. Davison was a trustee of Theatre Royal, Drury Lane and financially supported at least one production. He also contributed to the Foundling Hospital. We know that he provided the first public riverside walk for Carlisle and gave an annual dole for the poor. Monkhouse's sister, Jane who lived in Carlisle, was described as "a lady of exemplary piety and unbounded charity." Abram generously bequeathed money to six hospitals in his will.

paragraph: In 1781 an Old Bailey trial found a pickpocket, William Posser, guilty of stealing Monkhouse's cambric handkerchief. The thief was sentenced to be whipped.

paragraph: Monkhouse was a friend of Henry Laurens, an American merchant and rice planter from South Carolina, who became a political leader during the Revolutionary War. In a letter of August 1763 he writes to Monkhouse "I am glad you are so happy in your nieces. May your pleasures daily increase but I should be rather more pleas’d to hear that you had some sons and daughters of your own".

paragraph: He was also a friend of James Oakes who lived in Bury St Edmunds. Oakes had inherited one of the largest yarn-making companies in the country. Later he was made Receiver General of the Land Tax for West Suffolk and was to become a banker. Oakes' diaries span 50 years of his business life and provide a vivid insight into Georgian England. He records many visits to see his friend Monkhouse. He frequently had breakfast or supper at his London home. In November 1783 he "... had to rush back to Fenchurch Street because Mr Newman's brother-in law and business partner, Monkhouse Davison, was ill." An entry in May 1793 records his friend's death.

paragraph: Section::::Dalston Hall.

paragraph: Monkhouse Davison, in 1761 bought Dalston Hall, in Dalston, Cumbria from Sir George Dalston, 4th Baronet and owned the property for 32 years until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Rose Hall, St Thomas in the Vale, Jamaica.

paragraph: When Monkhouse was 76, in 1789, Davison Newman and Co. bought a 4/18 share in a property of 1,200 acres (approximately 2 sq miles) known as Rose Hall in the parish of St Thomas in the Vale located 20 miles north west of Kingston at what is now called Linstead. This Rose Hall is not to be confused with the better known Rose Hall, Montego Bay, Jamaica). The estate was the source of sugar and other produce for export to the UK and US. The old slave muster-book, dating from 1784 to 1819, shows that in 1784 the total slave labour force was: 82 men, 72 women, 39 boys, 27 girls, a total of 220. By 1819 the total was 256. By 1834, William Thwaytes (1749–1834) was sole owner of Davison Newman and Co. He left his shares to his wife Ann Thwaytes who paid for the erection of Herne Bay Clock Tower in 1836.

paragraph: Section::::Will and final resting place.

paragraph: Monkhouse died at his home in Fenchurch Street in May 1793. His will included a list of the following properties: his main London home in Fenchurch Street, in Essex: Porter's at Rippleside, Essex and Gale Street in Barking, in Cumbria: Coledale Hall, Carlisle, Dalston Hall, Dalston, Hill Top and the Gill near Kendal.

paragraph: The only reference found to a possible marriage is a letter with "Happy marriage greetings" in February 1776 when Monkhouse was 63. In his will there were to be no direct heirs to his estates and no mention of a wife.

paragraph: Abram and Monkhouse were buried together in All Hallows Staining but after the collapse of the crypt their monument was to be seen in the church of St Olave Hart Street, London until it suffered bomb damage in May 1941 in the Second World War.

description: 18th century merchant grocer

wikidata_label: Monkhouse Davison

wikipedia_title: Monkhouse Davison


text:
Hungarian
Greco-Roman
Hungarian Sportsman of the Year

categories: Wrestlers at the 1968 Summer Olympics,World Wrestling Championships medalists,1970 deaths,Hungarian male sport wrestlers,Sportspeople from Budapest,Road incident deaths in Hungary,Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Wrestlers at the 1964 Summer Olympics,1939 births,Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Olympic gold medalists for Hungary,Olympic medalists in wrestling,Olympic wrestlers of Hungary,Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics

paragraph: István Kozma (wrestler)

paragraph: István Kozma (27 November 1939 – 9 April 1970) was a Hungarian Greco-Roman wrestler. He won an Olympic gold medal in 1964 and 1968 and the World Championship in 1962, 1966, and 1967. In 1967 he was selected as the Hungarian Sportsman of the Year. Kozma died in a car accident, aged 30.

description: Olympic wrestler

wikidata_label: István Kozma

wikipedia_title: István Kozma (wrestler)


text:
Brighton School
Georges Sadoul
The Big Swallow
Fire!
Stop Thief!
Pathhead
Kirkcaldy
Edinburgh
pharmacist
Eastry
Kodak
Hove
Esmé Collings
William Friese-Greene
George Albert Smith
Alfred Darling
trick film
The Clown Barber
Warwick Trading Company
Charles Urban
Attack on a China Mission
Aubrey Le Blond
The Big Swallow
Fire!
Stop Thief!
Life of an American Fireman
The Great Train Robbery
The Little Match Seller
Social Realism
King Edward VII
Robert W. Paul
Motion Picture Patents Company
World War I
Barnet
Willesden
photogrammetry
World War II
Esme Collings
George Albert Smith
BBC Television
Melvyn Bragg
Tristram Powell
Brighton Festival

categories: British photographers,Articles containing video clips,British cinema pioneers,People from Hove,1933 deaths,Cinema pioneers,1900s in British cinema,1855 births,Scottish film directors,People from Kirkcaldy

paragraph: James Williamson (film pioneer)

paragraph: James A. Williamson (8 November 1855 – 18 August 1933) was a Scottish photographer and a key member of the loose association of early film pioneers dubbed the Brighton School by French film historian Georges Sadoul. He is best known for "The Big Swallow" (1901), a trick film with innovative use of extreme close-up, as well as "Fire!" and "Stop Thief!" (both 1901), dramas with continuity established across multiple shots.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Williamson was born in Pathhead near Kirkcaldy, Fife, and raised in Edinburgh, where he trained to be a master chemist. He moved to London in 1868, where he was an apprentice to a pharmacist and to Eastry, Kent in 1877, where he bought his own pharmacy and got married. He was also a keen amateur photographer who sold photographic apparatus and chemical supplies in his shop and became an agent for Kodak.

paragraph: In 1886, he moved his chemist's and photographic business to 144 Church Road, Hove, where he took up residence with his family, and formed friendships with fellow pioneers Esmé Collings, William Friese-Greene and George Albert Smith, among others, for whom he supplied chemicals and processed films. The property, previously owned by the photographer S. Grey of Well & Grey, was later renumbered 156 Church Road and currently bears a commemorative plaque to Williamson's achievements unveiled as part of the centenary of cinema celebrations in 1996.

paragraph: Williamson, who initially purchased and adapted an apparatus for local showings of Smith's films, was, with assistance from the engineer Alfred Darling, able to create his own home-made filming apparatus and begin making films, including the actuality "Devil's Dyke Fun Fair", in time for inclusion in the Hove Camera Club's annual exhibition in November 1896, and again in November 1897. At the same time he introduced x-ray photography to the region.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Productions at Western Road.

paragraph: In 1898, he moved his chemist's and photographic business to 55 Western Road, Hove, where he and his family took up residence, and issued his first catalogue, which was expanded that year to include, among others, trick film "The Clown Barber" and comedy "Washing the Sweep". These were latter distributed by the Warwick Trading Company under the directorship of Charles Urban.

paragraph: "Williamson's Popular Entertainments", a Saturday night showing of his films, ran for five weeks from January to February 1900 and for a further four weeks from November to December at the Hove Town Hall. The latter series featured the premiere of Williamson's innovative "Attack on a China Mission", which included a four shots that developed the narrative and a reverse-angle cut giving the audience an alternate perspective, as well as winter sports scenes filmed in Switzerland by mountaineer and traveller Aubrey Le Blond, described as the first identifiable female filmmaker.

paragraph: Williamson, as shown by the 1901 census in which he is described as a "chemist & druggist but engaged in photography only", had entered a period of dedicated film-making during which he produced trick film "The Big Swallow", with its innovative use of extreme close-up, as well as dramas "Fire!" and "Stop Thief!", with their use of action continuity across multiple shots which established the basic grammar of film. The following year these films became available in the US where they are said to have influenced Edwin Porter's "Life of an American Fireman" and "The Great Train Robbery" (both 1903).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Productions at Cambridge Grove.

paragraph: In 1902, he moved his business, now named the Williamson Kinematographic Company, to a new location at Cambridge Grove off Wilbury Villas, Hove, where he and his family took up residence at Rose Cottage and a glasshouse film studio and a photographic atelier, designed by W.B. Sheppard, were constructed to house production and processing of such important works as, "The Little Match Seller" as well as "The Soldier's Return" and "A Reservist, Before the War, and After the War", which pioneered the use of film to promote social issues, prefiguring the genre of Social Realism. That summer he also filmed the procession and rehearsal procession for the coronation of King Edward VII.

paragraph: Williamson Kinematographic Company began a period of expansion in 1907 opening new offices in London and in New York, under Williamson's son Alan. Williamson himself, like fellow pioneer Robert W. Paul, had become disillusioned with the increasingly industrialised nature of the business and left production first to Jack Chart and later to David Aylott, while he concentrated on film processing and distribution, as well as working with his son Colin, an engineer, on a new venture manufacturing and selling equipment. The following year, as part of this new venture, he invented a device which allowed exhibitors to make their own intertitles. Williamson, along with Charles Urban and other filmmakers, also attended the 1909 European Convention of Film Producers and Publishers in Paris, intended to combat the threat from the foundation of the Motion Picture Patents Company in the US, shortly before shutting down the film production and exhibition arms of his business.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: In 1910, following the production of his final film, "", announced as the first of an unrealised series of innovative informational films on science and nature subjects, Williamson and his family moved to London, and his premises at Cambridge Grove were sold Charles Urban's Natural Color Kinematograph Company. That year he also patented a projector which inserted title slides into projected films. Williamson briefly returned to production in 1913 with a newsreel service which closed down shortly after the outbreak of World War I.

paragraph: By this time Williamson Kinematographic Company assets included a processing plant in Barnet and a factory in Willesden, where the famous Williamson's 'Topical' cameras along with a variety of other apparatus widely used in the British film industry of the time were manufactured. During the war the company pioneered the development of aerial photography, producing gun-mounted reconnaissance cameras to photograph aerial battles. It also created an innovative photogrammetry camera for scientific and military use and a photo-finish camera for horse-racing.

paragraph: On 18 August 1933, Williamson died at his home in Richmond, Surrey of a heart attack.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Williamson Kinematograph Company continued to make a range of cameras, processing and printing equipment and continued its pioneering work in aerial reconnaissance during the World War II.

paragraph: The pioneering film work of James Williamson, as well as Esme Collings and George Albert Smith, was commemorated in the 1966 BBC Television programme "It Began in Brighton", produced by Melvyn Bragg and directed by Tristram Powell, and in the 1968 Brighton Festival.

paragraph: In 1996, as part of the celebration of the centenary of film, the work of Williamson and the other Brighton pioneers was commemorated by the unveiling of plaques, including one on Williamson's former premises in Church Street, an exhibition held at the University of Brighton Gallery and Hove Museum and the publication of "Hove Pioneers and the Arrival of Cinema" by John Barnes, Ine van Dooren and Frank Gray.

description: British photographer and filmmaker

wikidata_label: James Williamson

wikipedia_title: James Williamson (film pioneer)


text:
c.
Bishop of Ely
Hubert de Burgh
William de Burgh
canon
Salisbury Cathedral
Archdeacon of Norwich
see of Ely
Honorius III
Robert of York
John of Fountains
Cistercian
abbot
Fountains Abbey
Bishop of Ely
Ely Cathedral
Thomas Blunville
see of Norwich
Roger of Wendover
John of England
Sidney Painter

categories: 1228 deaths,Archdeacons of Norwich,1180s births,Year of birth uncertain,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Bishops of Ely

paragraph: Geoffrey de Burgh

paragraph: Geoffrey de Burgh (c. 1180 – 8 December 1228) was a medieval Bishop of Ely.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Geoffrey was the brother of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, and William de Burgh, Lord of Connacht. He was born no later than 1180 or so, based on his appointment as archdeacon in 1200. The name of his father is not known, but his mother's name was Alice and the family was from Norfolk and was of knightly status.

paragraph: Geoffrey was canon of Salisbury Cathedral and a treasurer of the Exchequer before being named Archdeacon of Norwich in 1200. He was elected to the see of Ely in 1215, but the election was quashed by Pope Honorius III before May 1219 due to a competing election with Robert of York. The pope quashed both elections, and ordered a new election, where the monks elected John of Fountains, who was a Cistercian and the abbot of Fountains Abbey.

paragraph: Geoffrey was once more elected to Ely in June 1225. He owed his election to his brother Hubert, who was Justiciar at the time. He was consecrated Bishop of Ely on 29 June 1225 and died between 8 December and 17 December 1228. He was buried in Ely Cathedral in the north choir. Besides his brothers, he also had a nephew, Thomas Blunville, who Hubert had elected to the see of Norwich in 1226. Although he was buried in Ely Cathedral, no surviving tomb or monument has been identified as his.

paragraph: Roger of Wendover told the story of a Geoffrey, archdeacon of Norwich who was a victim of King John of England's cruelty. The story goes that Geoffrey was thrown into prison and fitted with a lead cloak and starved to death. However, this cannot be this Geoffrey, for the bishop died well after John. The historian Sidney Painter suggested that the real victim may have been another Geoffrey of Norwich, known to be a justice of the Jews.

description: Bishop of Ely

wikidata_label: Geoffrey de Burgh

wikipedia_title: Geoffrey de Burgh


text:
Toulon
Thérèse philosophe
plague
Jesuit
Jean-Baptiste Girard
stigmata
convent
Aix-en-Provence
Toulon
Aix
France
Toulon
Aix
Jesuits
The Amours of Sainfroid and Eulalia

categories: Victims of the Inquisition,Year of death unknown,1709 births

paragraph: Catherine Cadière

paragraph: Catherine Cadière, or Marie-Catherine Cadière, (12 November 1709 in Toulon, year of death unknown), was an alleged French witch. The trial of Catherine Cadiére in 1731 is one of the most famous of its kind in French history, and have been referred to many times in literature, notably in the pornographic novel "Thérèse philosophe".

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Catherine Cadière was born to a merchant, whose health was ruined by the plague in 1720, and lived under the guardianship of her widowed mother and three brothers. When she was eighteen, she joined "a loosely organized group of women who, through living in their own homes, were dedicated to prayer and meditation. The spiritual director of these devotees of the Third Order of St. Theresa" was the Jesuit Jean-Baptiste Girard (1680–1733), whom she met in 1728. She was encouraged by Girard in the belief that she suffered from holy convulsions and saintly stigmata and spiritual visions, which Girard presented as the symptoms of a saint. He visited her often and possibly abused her sexually. Her emotional state during these experiences was described as hysterical.

paragraph: Section::::Trial.

paragraph: In June 1730, Girard was investigated for abuse and corruption, and she was placed in a convent. She was released in September 1730. The case was transferred to the court of Aix-en-Provence. Catherine was first placed in a convent in Toulon and then taken to a convent in Aix for the trial, which began on 10 January 1731 under the Parlement of Aix. The Parlement at Aix took evidence and witness accounts for almost a year. She was defended by Chaudon. The case drew enormous attention from the whole of France, and Catherine was supported by parliamentarians, noblewomen, and the public in Toulon and Aix. The case was seen as a case against the Jesuit order, and Catherine was seen as a symbol of the corruption of the Jesuits. Catherine accused Girard of bewitching her by making her fall in love with him: "You see here before you a young girl of twenty years, plunged into an abyss of evils, but whose heart is still unsullied." When they returned with their verdict on 11 October 1731, the judges were split 12 to 12. President Lebret cast the deciding vote, and he "returned Father Girard to the ecclesiastical authorities for his irregular conduct as a priest, and sent Catherine back to her mother. By this dismissal he indicated the charges of sorcery were not proved."

paragraph: Section::::Verdict.

paragraph: On 11 September 1731, Catherine Cadiére was sentenced to death, but on 10 October 1731, she was declared innocent. Her acquittal and release was greeted with great rejoicing from the public. She was turned over to her mother, who was to remove her to prevent chaos, so that civil order could be restored. However, the fate of Catherine Cadiére after this is unknown, and considered to be mysterious.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Amours of Sainfroid and Eulalia

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article is a translation of its equivalent on French Wikipedia"

paragraph: BULLET::::- A modern treatment in English: Mita Choudhury, "The Wanton Jesuit and the Wayward Saint. A Tale of Sex, Religion and Politics in 18th-Century France" (Penn State UP, 2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Specific

description: Alleged french witch

wikidata_label: Catherine Cadière

wikipedia_title: Catherine Cadière


text: Paris

text: parliament of Paris

text: Parlement Maupeou

text: Brussels

text: Marseille

text: Bordeaux

text: Comédie-Française

text: societaire

text: Molière

text: Harpagon

text: Gustave Vapereau

text: His works and productions of them

text: CÉSAR

text: Troupe of the Comédie-Française in 1790

categories: French male stage actors,1816 deaths,18th-century French dramatists and playwrights,1737 births,Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française

paragraph: Grandmesnil (actor)

paragraph: Jean-Baptiste Fauchard (19 March 1737, Paris – 24 May 1816, Paris), stage name Grandmesnil or Grand-Ménil), was a French actor and playwright.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: At first a lawyer in the parliament of Paris, then a counsellor in the Admiralty, he spoke out against the Parlement Maupeou and left France in 1771. Taking refuge in Brussels, he gave himself over the theatrical interests he had always had and appeared in several servant roles. Returning to France some years later, he acted in Marseille and then in Bordeaux, where he played financiers and "rôles à manteau".

paragraph: On 31 August 1790, he made his début at the Comédie-Française (becoming a societaire of it in 1792), from which he retired on 21 March 1811. Grandmesnil was noted as one of the best interpreters of Molière and particularly excelled in the rôles of Arnolphe and Harpagon. The distinction of his manners and the constant regularity of his lifestyle were highly valued and in 1796 he was summoned to the Académie des Beaux-Arts de l'Institut de France on its formation, in the Literature and Fine Arts classe.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Grandmesnil wrote two plays, although they may have never been performed in his lifetime.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Savetier joyeux" (1759)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tant pis pour elles, tant pis pour eux et tant mieux pour eux, tant mieux pour elles, ou le Voyage impromptu" (1760)

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustave Vapereau, "Dictionnaire universel des littératures", Paris, Hachette, 1876, p. 923

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His works and productions of them on the CÉSAR site

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troupe of the Comédie-Française in 1790

description: French actor and playwright

wikidata_label: Grandmesnil

wikipedia_title: Grandmesnil (actor)