text: anthropologist

text: Quaker

text: peace activist

text: Hiroshima

text: Atomic Energy Commission

text: first atomic bomb

text: radiation

text: anti-nuclear activism

text: Barbara

text: Phoenix of Hiroshima

text: nuclear testing

text: USSR

text: Soviet

text: Vietnam War

text: Haiphong

text: circus

text: Des Moines, Iowa

text: trapeze

text: tightrope walkers

text: World War I

text: vaudeville

text: Eagle Scout

text: University of Chicago

text: University of Wisconsin

text: Anthropology

text: Antioch College

text: Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission

text: National Research Council

text: Hiroshima

text: radiation

text: first atomic bomb

text: longitudinal studies

text: sabbatical

text: cancer

text: leukemia

text: calcium

text: thyroid gland

text: thyroid cancer

text: yacht

text: Phoenix of Hiroshima

text: around the world

text: Hawaii

text: Honolulu

text: Albert Bigelow

text: George Willoughby

text: Marshall Islands

text: Coast Guard

text: Society of Friends

text: cancer

text: Hiroshima

text: Nagasaki

text: wind

text: ocean current

text: Trust Territory

text: nuclear weapon

text: radiotelephone

text: nuclear testing

text: Pacific Ocean

text: Nakhodka

text: Vladivostok

text: A Quaker Action Group

text: London

text: Leningrad

text: Hiroshima Institute of Peace Science

text: Vietnam War

text: Hanoi

text: Hai Phong

text: Shanghai

text: diplomatic relations

text: Japanese government

text: immigration law

text: University of California at Santa Cruz

text: Cabrillo College

text: Antioch College

text: Diablo Canyon Power Plant

text: U.S. anti-nuclear movement

text: Growth and Development of Hiroshima Children Exposed to the Atomic Bomb.

text: The fels composite sheet. II: Variations in growth patterns in health and disease

text: Sexual Maturation and the Growth of Fat, Muscle and Bone in Girls

text: Growth Patterns of Identical Triplets from 8 through 18 Years

text: Creatinine Excretion, Growth Progress and Body Structure in Normal Children

text: Distribution of Tissue Components in the Female Leg From Birth to Maturity

text: The appearance of adult patterns of body hair in man

text: The measurement of obesity in childhood

text: Individual Differences in Physical Changes Associated with Adolescence in Girls.

text: Further Data on Symphalangism

text: Harpenden Growth Study

text: Anthropology and Human Growth.

text: Physical Changes Associated with Adolescence in Boys

text: Changes in Areolar Size during the Steroid Growth Phase

text: Growth Research in Medicine: Presented at the Symposium on Medical Anthropology

text: The Growth and Development Program of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission: Analysis of Body Measurements Taken in 1951 on 4,800 Hiroshima children

text: Growth & Development: Earle Reynolds Reports etc

text: The Distribution of Subcutaneous Fat in Childhood and Adolescence

text: Book Review of Earle L. Reynolds, The Distribution of Subcutaneous Fat in Childhood and Adolescence

text: The first seriatim study of human growth and middle aging

text: Wittner, Lawrence S.

text: "Preserving the Golden Rule as a Piece of Anti-Nuclear History,"

text: The Earle and Akie Reynolds Collection

text: In Pursuit of Peace:

text: Peace Resource Center

text: 1954-1964 letters, newspaper clippings, brochures, postcards, from Earle & Barbara Reynolds & family

text: Swarthmore College Peace Collection:

text: Legal Brief: Earle L. Reynolds v. United States of America, Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii, August 1958.

text: The Australian Broadcasting Corporation: Radio National's, Radio Eye Earle Reynolds and The "Phoenix"

text: As a young boy, Earle Reynolds had a dream to build and sail a boat around the world. He got the chance decades later...

text: Dr. Earle Reynolds, an anthropologist from Yellow Springs, Ohio, is making a family affair of his boyhood dream of sailing around the world.

text: Articles pertaining to the Micronesia/Marshall Islands and to experiences of anthropologist, Dr. Earle Reynolds.**

text: Anti-nuclear Protests

categories: 1998 deaths,American anti–nuclear weapons activists,American anthropologists,Circumnavigators of the globe,University of Chicago alumni,Converts to Quakerism,War Resisters League activists,1910 births,Eagle Scouts,American anti-war activists,American Quakers,University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni

paragraph: Earle L. Reynolds

paragraph: Earle L. Reynolds (October 18, 1910 – January 11, 1998) was an anthropologist, educator, author, Quaker, and peace activist. He was sent to Hiroshima by the Atomic Energy Commission in 1951 to study the effects of the first atomic bomb on the growth and development of exposed children. His professional discoveries concerning the dangers of radiation later moved Reynolds into a life of anti-nuclear activism. In 1958 he sailed with his wife Barbara, two of his three children and a Japanese yachtsman in the "Phoenix of Hiroshima", a ketch he had designed himself, into the American nuclear testing zone in the Pacific. In 1961 the family sailed to the USSR to protest Soviet nuclear testing. During the Vietnam War Reynolds and his second wife Akie sailed the "Phoenix" to Haiphong to deliver humanitarian and medical aid to victims of American bombing.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Reynolds, an only child, was born Earl Frederick Schoene to William and Maude Schoene as the circus of which they were a part passed through Des Moines, Iowa. Earle's father and uncle Frederick performed as The Landry Brothers, trapeze artists and tightrope walkers for the John T. Wortham Shows (also known as John T. Wortham Carnival). "Billboard" noted, "The Landry Brothers work a neat and classy rope acrobatic turn for six minutes, in full stage, which brought the brawny lads one legit.". Before World War I made German names unpopular, according to Reynolds, the pair were billed as Schoene Brothers Aerial Artists. Depending on the season and the family's financial status, their circus acts alternated with vaudeville.

paragraph: Earl took his stepfather's surname, added an "e" to his first name, earned the rank of Eagle Scout and graduated from Vicksburg High School in 1927. He went on to earn his BA and MA from the University of Chicago and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, all in Anthropology. He married Barbara Leonard in 1936 and they had three children: Tim (1936), Ted (1938), and Jessica (1944). From 1943 to 1951 Reynolds was Associate Professor of Anthropology at Antioch College and Chairman of the Physical Growth Department at the Fels Research Institute for the Study of Human Development, also at Antioch College.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1951 Earle joined the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC), established under the direction of the National Research Council's Division of Medical Sciences in March 1947. He was sent to Hiroshima to research the effects of radiation from the first atomic bomb on the growth of Japanese children. From 1951 until 1954 Earle completed the first of a series of longitudinal studies meant to be resumed after a one-year sabbatical. He wrote up his findings as "Report on a Three-Year Study, 1951-2-3, of the Growth and Development of Hiroshima Children Exposed to the Atomic Bomb, 1954." In summary he had found children exposed to radiation to be smaller than their counterparts with lowered resistance to disease and a greater susceptibility to cancer, especially leukemia. Because strontium-90 (produced by the atomic bomb) seeks the same areas of the bodies of growing children as calcium, such as the thyroid gland, children exposed to the bomb were also subject to thyroid cancer.

paragraph: While in Japan, Reynolds designed and had built a yacht of , the "Phoenix of Hiroshima". From 1954-58 he, his wife Barbara, son Ted (16), daughter Jessica (10), and three young Japanese men from Hiroshima, Niichi ("Nick") Mikami, Motosada ("Moto") Fushima and Mitsugi ("Mickey") Suemitsu, sailed around the world.

paragraph: The building of the boat took 18 months, one year longer than had been previously expected. The first leg of the voyage, from Japan to Hawaii, took 48 days.

paragraph: In Honolulu for the second time, what had been a pleasure cruise took a serious turn. Across the dock from the "Phoenix" was a ketch of , the "Golden Rule". Its crew, four Quaker pacifists, Albert Bigelow, George Willoughby, Bill Huntington and Orion Sherwood were attempting to sail to the Marshall Islands to protest the United States' testing of 35 nuclear devices there. An injunction against American citizens entering the test zone was passed after the "Golden Rule" left port and it was brought back by the Coast Guard. Impressed by the reasoning and character of these men, Earle and Barbara joined the Society of Friends (Quakers) and considered taking over their protest in the "Phoenix".

paragraph: Reynolds was at that time one of the world's experts on the effects of radiation. In determining whether to deliberately enter the test zone, he considered a number of factors, such as the effects the radiation from the series of nuclear tests would have on the world environment, specifically increasing incidents of cancer, and the effects of this additional radiation on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki population, since both wind and ocean currents from the test site would carry radiation that direction. He considered unconstitutional the United States government's injunction declaring of ocean off-limits to American personnel during the series. Also, the forbidden zone blanketed any route by which the Reynolds family could conveniently sail back to Japan, as they had hoped to do as soon as possible to complete the circumnavigation. In addition, as the Marshall Islands were a Trust Territory of the U.S., Reynolds objected to the forced removal of Marshallese from their home islands for the purpose of detonating weapons which would almost certainly render their islands uninhabitable for years to come.

paragraph: Section::::Activism.

paragraph: Earle, Barbara, Ted (20), Jessica (14) and Mikami cleared "for the high seas" on June 11, 1958. The family had not decided whether or not to enter the forbidden zone but Mikami, whose mother and brother had been in the bombing, never wrestled with the question. For days after the nuclear weapon was dropped, his mother had crawled through the radioactive rubble, searching for her brother-in-law. She never found his body.

paragraph: By July 1, at the edge of the invisible perimeter of the zone, everyone came to a consensus. Earle announced by radiotelephone, on the international frequency for ships at sea, "The United States yacht "Phoenix" is sailing today into the nuclear test zone as a protest against nuclear testing..."

paragraph: The next morning, inside the forbidden zone, the "Phoenix" was intercepted and stopped by the American Coast Guard cutter "Planetree". Two armed Coast Guard officers jumped aboard and put Reynolds under arrest. He was flown back to Honolulu for trial. A jury convicted him of entering a forbidden area. The sentence was overturned on appeal.

paragraph: Within 19 months Earle and his family were involved in another protest voyage. With the Pacific Ocean again open to American citizens, they sailed without incident back to Hiroshima.

paragraph: In October, 1961, the USSR resumed its own nuclear testing. The Reynolds family plus Tom Yoneda sailed to Nakhodka in protest (The nearest military port, Vladivostok, was inaccessible in winter).

paragraph: In 1962, Reynolds was invited to captain the "Everyman III", on which members of A Quaker Action Group (AQAG) sailed from London to Leningrad via Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden. This boat of , too, was stopped at sea by armed soldiers. This time the crew were tied up with ropes. That same year, Reynolds and Professor Tatsuo Morito of the University of Hiroshima co-founded the Hiroshima Institute of Peace Science (HIPS). Reynolds became a spokesman for the Japanese peace movement and attempted to work with its Gensuikyo branch until he found it too political for his taste, reporting to the press, "Peace cannot be achieved in an atmosphere of hatred."

paragraph: Earle and Barbara divorced in 1964 and Earle married Akie Nagami, a citizen of Hiroshima and a graduate of Hiroshima Women's College where Earle was guest Professor of Anthropology. Together Earle and Akie continued his voyages in the "Phoenix". In 1967 a multi-national crew delivered nearly a ton of medical aid to the Red Cross Society of North Vietnam for civilian victims of the Vietnam War. They spent eight days visiting hospitals in Hanoi and Hai Phong and observing the effects of American bombing on outlying villages. Two other voyages to Vietnam followed.

paragraph: Earle and Akie made two attempts to sail the "Phoenix" to Shanghai as a gesture of "friendship and reconciliation" from an American and a Japanese citizen to the people of China, although the Japanese government refused to grant Akie a passport on the grounds China and Japan had no diplomatic relations. In 1968 the "Phoenix" was stopped on the high seas by a Japanese ship. Two years of litigation followed in Japanese courts. In 1969, with a crew of six Americans, the "Phoenix" was stopped offshore by Chinese authorities and their entry was prohibited.

paragraph: After these attempts to sail to China, the Japanese government passed a new immigration law cracking down on "undesirable aliens" (1970) and Reynolds was expelled from his adopted country of 13 years. He and his wife sailed to San Francisco and settled in Ben Lomond, California. He taught Peace Studies at the University of California at Santa Cruz and at Cabrillo College while Akie earned an MA in Peace Studies from Antioch College and worked as a career counselor at UCSC, specializing in peace-making careers and in placing students in overseas jobs. His seminar class founded the Peace Resource Center at Merrill College on the UCSC campus in 1975 but it became a casualty of financial cutbacks in the 1980s. Over a two-week period in 1981, 1900 activists were arrested at Diablo Canyon Power Plant. It was the largest arrest in the history of the U.S. anti-nuclear movement and against nuclear weapons research. Reynolds was one of those arrested.

paragraph: In a 1986 interview, Earle commented on his life work: "I've been a kind of a renegade scientist. As soon as I stepped over the boundaries, as soon as my findings became politically sensitive, I lost my credibility as a scientist. Now a scientist will stand on a podium and say what I was saying 30 years ago. I'm like a voice in the wilderness that finally begins to hear answering voices."

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Growth and Development of Hiroshima Children Exposed to the Atomic Bomb. Three Year Study (1951-3). Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission Technical Report 20-59, 1959. Cited in Joseph L. Belsky and William J. Blot, "Adult Stature in Relation to Childhood Exposure to the Atomic Bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Penny Arcade (unpublished memoir) n.d., in Earle and Akie Reynolds Collection, UCSC: www.oac.cdlib.org/data/13030/99/tf6q2nb599/files/tf6q2nb599.pdf (See note by Reynolds' daughter above)

paragraph: BULLET::::- with Barbara Reynolds, "All in the Same Boat." New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1962 Family's trip around the world in the "Phoenix", 1954-60.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Forbidden Voyage," "The Nation", 15 November 1958

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Forbidden Voyage". New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1961. Non-fiction. The Reynolds family's protest voyage against American nuclear testing in the Pacific and aftermath, 1958-1960.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Scholarly Articles by Reynolds (chronological).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sontag, Lester Warren; Reynolds, Earle L. Ossification Sequences in Identical Triplets: A Longitudinal Study of Resemblances and Differences in the Ossification Patterns of a Set of Monozygotic Triplets (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sontag, Lester W., M.D. and Reynolds, Earle L., Ph.D. The fels composite sheet. I: A practical method for analyzing growth progress J. Pediat. 26, p. 327 (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sontag, Lester W., M.D. and Reynolds, Earle L., Ph.D. The fels composite sheet. II: Variations in growth patterns in health and disease J. Pediat. 26:4, pp. 336–354 (1945)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L. Sexual Maturation and the Growth of Fat, Muscle and Bone in Girls (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L. and Schoen, Grace. Growth Patterns of Identical Triplets from 8 through 18 Years (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L. and Clark, Leland C. Creatinine Excretion, Growth Progress and Body Structure in Normal Children (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L. Distribution of Tissue Components in the Female Leg From Birth to Maturity The Fels Research Institute for the Study of Human Development, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio The Anatomical Record (1947 or 1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L., The appearance of adult patterns of body hair in man Department of Anthropology, Antioch College, and Physical Growth Department, Fels Research Institute for the Study of Human Development, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio The American Journal of Physical Anthropology (date?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L. Degree of kinship and pattern of ossification: A longitudinal X-ray Study of the Appearance Pattern of Ossification Centers in Children of Different Kinship Groups The Samuel S. Fels Research Institute, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio The American Journal of Physical Anthropology (date?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L., Toshiko Asakawa. The measurement of obesity in childhood. The Fels Research Institute for the Study of Human Development, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio The American Journal of Physical Anthropology (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L., Ph.D., and Wines, Janet V., A.B. Individual Differences in Physical Changes Associated with Adolescence in Girls. Am J. Dis. Child. 75 (3):329-350 (March 1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steinberg, Arthur G.; Reynolds, Earle L. Further Data on Symphalangism. 1948

paragraph: BULLET::::- Earle Reynolds cited in Harpenden Growth Study: J.M. Tanner. "Long-term longitudinal study of the growth of children in Harpenden. . . There was an excellent normative study before, made by Earle Reynolds and Janet Wines at the Fels Research Institute, who took their descriptions from the German literature of the 1930s and earlier, and excellent studies since, both in Zurich and in Stockholm, but ours was the only one in the period 1950-1980." (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L. Anthropology and Human Growth. The Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. XLIX, No. 3 (May, 1949) From a speech given at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Ohio Academy of Science, University of Toledo, May 7, 1948.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, E.L., and Wines, J.V. Physical Changes Associated with Adolescence in Boys, Am. J. Dis. Child. 82 (5):529-547 (Nov. 1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds and Wines, cited in Garn, Stanley Marion. Changes in Areolar Size during the Steroid Growth Phase. In Child Development, Vol. 23, No. 1 (March, 1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Earle Reynolds cited in Garn, Stanley M., Growth Research in Medicine: Presented at the Symposium on Medical Anthropology, Thirty-first Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 1962, page 1: "With the Grenlich-Pyle Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development ('59), Earle Reynolds' standards for sexual maturation (Reynolds and Wines, '48, '51) . . .we surely cover the normative front."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle T. [sic] (June 12, 1952) The Growth and Development Program of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission: Analysis of Body Measurements Taken in 1951 on 4,800 Hiroshima children. Folder 7 NYO-4458 From Papers of Carl F. Tessmer Series II. M.D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Earle L. (Oct. 30, 1952) "Growth and Development Program of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission: Analysis of Observations on Maturation, Body Build and Posture taken in 1951 on 4,800 Hiroshima Children" later published as report NYO-4459 (Folder 100) from Papers of Wataru W. Sutow, M.D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Growth & Development: Earle Reynolds Reports etc: 1952-1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, E.L. The Distribution of Subcutaneous Fat in Childhood and Adolescence (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Low, F.N., (Sept. 1953) Book Review of Earle L. Reynolds, The Distribution of Subcutaneous Fat in Childhood and Adolescence. The Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 28, no. 3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds' paper presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropology Association in Mexico City, (Dec. 28th, 1959) revealed the unpopular truths to be found about the physical dangers of exposure to nuclear radiation. Report was published in The Processes of Ongoing Human Evolution, Gabriel W. Lasker, ed., Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lectures by Earle Reynolds given at Jogakuin College, Hiroshima, Japan, edited and printed in Virginia Naeve,ed. Friends of the Hibakusha. A Swallow Paperback (Alan Swallow, 2679 South York St., Denver, CO), 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Place of Hiroshima in World History, November 7, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comments on Movie: Still, It's Better to Be Alive (produced by Japan A and H Bomb Council, 1955) n.d.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radiation and Human Evolution, Dec. 13, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Man's Future, Feb. 14, 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hiroshima, the Atom and the World, 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alex F. Roche, Stanley M. Garn, Earle L. Reynolds (University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064), Meinhard Robinow, Lester W. Sontag. The first seriatim study of human growth and middle aging. (1980)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Jessica, "Jessica's Journal". New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1958. Eleven-year old's diary account of sailing from Hawaii to New Zealand in the "Phoenix".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Barbara Leonard, "Cabin Boy and Extra Ballast". New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1958. Children's story of a family sailing from Japan to Hawaii.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Ted. "Voyage of Protest." "Scribble", Winter, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Tim, "Slocum," poem dedicated to Earle in book of poems by the same name. Santa Barbara: Unicorn Press, 1967.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Barbara, "The Phoenix and the Dove". Japan: Nagasaki Appeal Committee, 1986. Barbara's personal spiritual journey.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Jessica, To Russia with Love (in Japanese translation). Tokyo: Chas. E. Tuttle Co., 1962. The Reynolds family's protest voyage against Soviet nuclear testing in the U.S.S.R.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaver, Jessica Reynolds. "There was Dad, climbing the ladder at Diablo," (Long Beach, CA) Press-Telegram, Sept. 18, 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaver, Jessica Reynolds. "After the flood, a mission to 'rescue' Dad," (Long Beach, CA) Press-Telegram, Jan. 14, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaver, Jessica. "Breaking the Bitterness Barrier," Friends Journal, August 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaver, Jessica. "When a daughter and daughter-in-law is the caregiver," (Long Beach, CA) Press-Telegram, July 24, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Renshaw, Jessica Shaver, New Every Morning. Enumclaw, WA: Pleasant Word 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Jessica, To Russia with Love (English original). Wilmington, OH: Peace Resource Center, Wilmington College, due out in 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.:Publications referring to Reynolds.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashkenazy, Elinor, "Nuclear Tests on Trial," The Progressive, c. Dec, 1959,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bigelow, Albert, The Voyage of the Golden Rule: An Experiment with Truth. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1959.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cousins, Norman, "Earle Reynolds and His Phoenix," Editorial, "Saturday Review", Oct, 11, 1958.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cousins, Norman, "The Debate is Over," Editorial, Saturday Review, c. Oct, 1959.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grabarek, Kristin, On the Cutting Edge: The Peace Activism of Earle Reynolds. Earle Reynolds performed daring acts of civil disobedience at the dawn of ... www.friendsjournal.org/issue/april-2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- Human Biology, May 1964: Review of: Reynolds, Earle L., The Growth and Development of Hiroshima Children Exposed to the Atomic Bomb, 1953.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fontaine, Andre, "A Family's Voyage into Danger," Redbook, c. Aug, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Susan Lindee, Suffering made real: American science and the survivors at Hiroshima (1994) ... for Neel and Schull should be the ABCC. rather than the University of Michigan 1this suggestion was followed in the published version). Earle Reynolds https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0226482375

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lofton, John, (short account of "Phoenix" case), "New Republic", Sept. 14, 1959.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lundberg, Dan, (story about voyage of "Phoenix" from Kwajalein to Honolulu), "The Spray", c. July 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Price, David H. (St. Martin's College), "Applied Anthropologist as Cold War Dissident: Earle Reynolds, An Informed Protester of Conscience." ... homepages.stmartin.edu/fac_staff/dprice/reynolds.htm

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, Richard K.S., Against the bomb: the British peace movement, 1958-1965 (1988) Two thousand took part, including Vanessa Redgrave and Earle Reynolds, the captain of the American 'peace boats', 'Everyman IIP and 'Phoenix'. ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0198275374

paragraph: BULLET::::- Templin, Ralph, (story of "Phoenix" case), "Journal of Human Relations", c. July 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wittner, Lawrence S., "The Long Voyage: The Golden Rule and Resistance to Nuclear Testing in Asia and the Pacific," The Asia-Pacific Journal, 8-3-10, February 22, 2010. http://www.japanfocus.org/-Lawrence_S_-Wittner/3308

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wittner, Lawrence S., PhD, "Preserving the Golden Rule as a Piece of Anti-Nuclear History," February 14, 2010, article about "Golden Rule" and "Phoenix".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wittner, Lawrence S., Resisting the bomb: a history of the world nuclear disarmament ... (1997) War Resisters League, A WRL ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0804729182

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Earle and Akie Reynolds Collection at the University of California at Santa Cruz has extensive writings by, photographs of and information about Earle Reynolds and his second wife. Includes manuscript and notes for Reynolds, Earle L., The Physical Growth in 1951 of Hiroshima Children Exposed to the Atomic Bomb, 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Pursuit of Peace: An Exhibit From the Earle and Akie Reynolds. This is an exhibit covering the life of peace activists, Earle and Akie Reynolds. It is not only the story of Earle and Akie Reynolds, but also of Barbara.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peace Resource Center (Wilmington College, Wilmington, OH) was founded by activist, author, and peace educator Barbara Reynolds in August, 1975 to house the largest collection (outside Japan) on materials related to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and to teach peace skills to new generations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954-1964 letters, newspaper clippings, brochures, postcards, from Earle & Barbara Reynolds & family including information on the Yacht "Phoenix" and the Hiroshima-Nagasaki World Peace Study Mission (Folder 47) and (Folder 80) "The Growth and Development Program of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission: Analysis of Body Measurements and Observations Taken in 1952 on 4,200 Hiroshima Children" by Earle L. Reynolds, Ph.D., Nov. 15, 1953 (later published as NYO-4473 which can be found in the Tessmer Collection), TS.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Swarthmore College Peace Collection: Committee for Non-Violent Action Records, 1958-1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- Legal Brief: Earle L. Reynolds v. United States of America, Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii, August 1958. From Ava Helen and Linus Pauling Papers, 1873-2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Earle L. Reynolds, Appellant, v. United States of America ... Justia US Court of Appeals Cases and Opinions - 267 F.2d 235 - Earle L. Reynolds, Appellant, v. United States of America, Appellee.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Australian Broadcasting Corporation: Radio National's, Radio Eye Earle Reynolds and The "Phoenix"

paragraph: BULLET::::- As a young boy, Earle Reynolds had a dream to build and sail a boat around the world. He got the chance decades later...

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vietnam's Holy Week Ends on Bloody Note "A Tass dispatch from Hanoi said Dr. Earle L. Reynolds' ketch Phoenix carrying $10,000 worth of American Quaker medical supplies to North Vietnam, sailed around Red China's Hainan Island and entered the Gulf of Tonkin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Earle Reynolds, an anthropologist from Yellow Springs, Ohio, is making a family affair of his boyhood dream of sailing around the world.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Articles pertaining to the Micronesia/Marshall Islands and to experiences of anthropologist, Dr. Earle Reynolds.** (Many of the contents of these folders were LOST in the flood and all of it is flood damaged)** From Papers of Wataru W. Sutow, M.D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anti-nuclear Protests

description: Anti-nuclear weapons activist

wikidata_label: Earle L. Reynolds

wikipedia_title: Earle L. Reynolds


text: Scottish

text: newspaper

text: Lundin Mill

text: Fife

text: Charles Maclaren

text: John Ritchie

text: John Ramsay McCulloch

text: The Scotsman

categories: 19th-century Scottish newspaper publishers (people),The Scotsman founders,People from Fife,1831 deaths,1781 births,Scottish legal writers,Scottish solicitors,Scottish newspaper editors,Scottish journalists,Ritchie Findlay family

paragraph: William Ritchie (editor)

paragraph: William Ritchie (1781 – 4 February 1831) was a Scottish lawyer, journalist and newspaper owner.

paragraph: He was born at Lundin Mill, Fife, where his father had a flax dressing business.

paragraph: At the age of 19 he moved to Edinburgh, and after some years employment in the offices of two firms of solicitors, he joined the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland in 1808.

paragraph: After contributing to various publications for a number of years, in 1816 he joined with Charles Maclaren, his elder brother John Ritchie and John Ramsay McCulloch in founding "The Scotsman" newspaper, the first number of which appeared the following year.

paragraph: Ritchie was joint editor of the paper with Maclaren until Ritchie's death in 1831.

paragraph: In 1824 he published "Essays on Constitutional Law and Forms of Process" and in 1827 was appointed a commissioner under the Improvements Act. He campaigned for reform of policing and prison conditions, especially for poor debtors.

paragraph: He is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard, Edinburgh, and commemorated on a family memorial in Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.

paragraph: He was survived by his wife Alison Sandeman.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dictionary of National Biography" Elder Smith 1896

description: British editor

wikidata_label: William Ritchie

wikipedia_title: William Ritchie (editor)


text:
Kensington
Guy Newall
The March Hare
The Double Life of Mr. Alfred Burton
I Will
Fancy Dress
The Garden of Resurrection
Duke's Son
The Lure of Crooning Water
Testimony
The Bigamist
The Persistent Lovers
Boy Woodburn
Fox Farm
A Maid of the Silver Sea
The Starlit Garden
The Great Prince Shan
Decameron Nights
A Knight in London

categories: 1937 deaths,1896 births,People from Kensington,English film actresses,English silent film actresses,20th-century English actresses

paragraph: Ivy Duke

paragraph: Ivy Duke (9 June 1896, Kensington, London – 8 November 1937, London) was a British actress. She was married to the actor and director Guy Newall with whom she co-starred in several films.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The March Hare" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Double Life of Mr. Alfred Burton" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Will" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fancy Dress" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Garden of Resurrection" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Duke's Son" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lure of Crooning Water" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Testimony" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Bigamist" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Persistent Lovers" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boy Woodburn" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fox Farm" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Maid of the Silver Sea" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Starlit Garden" (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Great Prince Shan" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Decameron Nights" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Knight in London" (1929)

description: British actress

wikidata_label: Ivy Duke

wikipedia_title: Ivy Duke


text:
drum and bass
house
techno music
Kiss 102
Burnley
Lancashire
Manchester
Kiss 102
Manchester Evening News
Hospital Records
Lee Trevino
Band on the Wall
FabricLive
Fabric Nightclub
Resident Advisor
4 Hero
Commix
DJ Marky
XRS
Manchester

categories: British house musicians,Musicians from Manchester,British DJs,British drum and bass musicians,2017 deaths,People from Burnley,British radio DJs,1971 births,British techno musicians,British record producers

paragraph: Marcus Intalex

paragraph: Marcus Julian Kaye (14 July 1971 – 28 May 2017) better known by his stage name Marcus Intalex, was a British drum and bass artist who additionally made house and techno music under the pseudonym Trevino. Between 1993 and 2000 he co-hosted the drum-and-bass radio show "Da Intalex" on Kiss 102 FM in Manchester. Kaye was the founder of the Soul:R, Revolve:R, and Birdie recording labels, and was active as a DJ, record producer, and touring artist from 1991 until his death in May 2017. His albums included the 2007 release "FabricLive.35" and the 2011 release "21".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Marcus Kaye grew up in Burnley, Lancashire, England.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Kaye began as a House DJ in 1991 under the name Marcus Intalex, before becoming known as an early adopter of the UK Drum and Bass sound in the city of Manchester. In 1993, Kaye and fellow DJ Mark XTC started the Drum and Bass radio show "Da Intalex" on Kiss 102 FM in Manchester, which they co-hosted until 2000. Kaye was called a "pioneer" of the movement by the "Manchester Evening News", and also played a part in the development of the "Intelligent Drum and Bass" scene. As a DJ, Kaye toured globally. He was also one of the first artists on the Hospital Records music label, as well as the founder of the recording label Soul:R, which he managed. He was also a cofounder of the label Revolve:r.

paragraph: Kaye eventually began DJing House and Techno music again and touring under the new pseudonym of Trevino, after his favourite golfer Lee Trevino. In this spirit he also named a new House and Techno label for his personal love of golf, naming the label Birdie. In addition to his DJing and recording career, Kaye was the founder, resident DJ, and promoter of the "Soul:ution" series of Drum and Bass parties at Band on the Wall in Manchester, as well as the weekly "Guidance" series of club nights. In 2013 he became the namesake of the Marcus Intalex scholarship at the Manchester MIDI School.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Kaye's first single was released in 1994, entitled "What Ya Gonna Do". Later in his career, he released three albums under the pseudonym Marcus Intalex. The first was "FabricLive.35" in 2007, a mix compilation through the FabricLive series released by Fabric Nightclub in London. The second was "21", which he released on his Soul:R label in 2011, named in celebration of the 21st year of his career. In 2016, he had another album release, "RA.EX309 Marcus Intalex" under the Resident Advisor label. In addition to his albums, as of 2014, he had released fifteen LPs under the name Marcus Intalex and ten further under the pseudonym Trevino, the latter focusing on house and techno. Kaye also released tracks with Mark XTC under their collective name "Da Intalex", a moniker taken from the name of their 1990s radio show.

paragraph: He has also released many remixes which include "Better Place" by 4 Hero (2001), "Just A Vision" by Solid State (2006), "Faceless" by Commix (2007) and "LK" by DJ Marky and XRS (2007).

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Kaye died at the age of 45 on 28 May 2017 in Manchester, England.

alias:
Marcus Kaye
Trevino
Kosh

description: British DJ and music producer

wikidata_label: Marcus Intalex

wikipedia_title: Marcus Intalex


text:
artillery
captain
Ming Empire
its Manchu invaders
its army
Western cannon
Dengzhou
Shandong
Kong Youde
Geng Zhongming
Portuguese conventions
Portuguese
Macao
Ming
tribute system
notionally prohibited
Hongwu Emperor
Ancestral Injunctions
Guangzhou
Dutch
Portuguese
Chinese
Eighty Years' War
Habsburg Spain
personal union with Portugal
"red-barbarian cannon"
Paul Xu
Jesuit
convert
Western geometry
astronomy
astrology
artillery
ongoing Manchu invasions
mandarins
Shen Que
Jesuit mission
Nanjing
Lu Zhaolong
Guangdong county
the fall
Guangning
Liaoning
Ignatius Sun
Western cannon
fortification
Tianqi Emperor
Dutch assault on Portuguese Macao
Giacomo Rho
powder
Beijing
Chongzhen Emperor
Yuan Chonghuan
Ningyuan
Jinzhou
João Rodrigues
Guangzhou
Rodrigues
Simão Coelho
jurubaça
Jesuit
bronze
iron
Guangzhou
André Palmeiro
Domingos Mendes
Nanxiong
Guangdong
Chinese clothing
Jesuit missions
Nanjing
Grand Canal
save face
Zhuozhou
city walls
Beijing
Nicolò Longobardo
Jesuits at court
Macao
memorial to the throne
Tartars
Paul Xu
Giacomo Rho
Dutch siege of Macao
Jiang Yunlong
mandarins
Macao
senate
Pedro Cordeiro
António Rodrigues do Campo
Nanchang
Jiangxi
Lu Zhaolong
local county
Pearl River
shore opposite
Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Portugal
Dengzhou
Shandong
Ming army
Western cannon
Ignatius Sun
Catholic
convert
Paul Xu
Kong Youde
Geng Zhongming
grenade
Rodrigues
ocean
João Rodrigues
Xiong Mingyu
Portuguese Empire
Portuguese Macao
Ming Empire
Tianqi Emperor
Chongzhen Emperor
Jesuit China missions
João Rodrigues
Paul Xu
Ignatius Sun
Yuan Chonghuan
military history of China before 1911
hongyipao
Kong Youde
Geng Zhongming

categories: Macanese Roman Catholics,Portuguese soldiers,Portuguese educators,Macanese people,1632 deaths,16th-century Portuguese people,1580s births

paragraph: Gonçalo Teixeira Corrêa

paragraph: Gonçalo Teixeira Corrêa ( February 1632) was a Portuguese artillery captain who led a mission across the Ming Empire to fight its Manchu invaders and train its army in the use of Western cannon. After he was killed defending Dengzhou (now Penglai) in Shandong from mutinous troops under Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming, he was eulogized and honored by the Chinese, whose War Ministry granted him the posthumous rank of Assistant Regional Commander.

paragraph: Section::::Name.

paragraph: Corrêa's name appears in contemporary records as or . Following Portuguese conventions, it is the latter of his surnames which he received from his father but it is sometimes omitted. His given name is usually emended to the modern Portuguese spelling '; some sources further emend his surname to its modern spelling '. His name is also sometimes given as Gonçalvo or as the Spanish Gonzalo or Gonzalvez.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Macao.

paragraph: Corrêa appears in legal documents concerning the Portuguese enclave Macao in 1623, when he is described as 39 years old.

paragraph: Under the Ming, international maritime trade apart from the tribute system was notionally prohibited by the Hongwu Emperor's "Ancestral Injunctions" but bribery and disinterest had made enforcement lax for many decades. Corrêa made frequent trips to Guangzhou over the next few years, despite Dutch violence against the Portuguese and Chinese—a spill-over of their Eighty Years' War with Habsburg Spain, then in personal union with Portugal—renewing official prohibition on foreign trade for a span in late 1623 and early 1624, then almost permanently from 1626 on.

paragraph: China had been impressed with "red-barbarian cannon" since around 1600, when an enormous specimen was procured from some European ship. Paul Xu—a Jesuit convert who rose to very high office in large part due to the superiority of Western geometry, with its applications in astronomy, astrology, and accurate use of artillery—warmly encouraged the use of Portuguese guns to counter the ongoing Manchu invasions of northern China. However, during Corrêa's time in China, there was debate among the mandarins as to whether the Manchus in the north or the increasing numbers and violence of European traders in the south were actually the greater threat. Shen Que, a Buddhist adept who rose to prominence in the Ministry of Rites, had succeeded in having the Jesuit mission in Nanjing expelled and its property confiscated in 1616 and Lu Zhaolong, a native of the Guangdong county on the mainland opposite Macao, published memorials heatedly arguing against permitting the "South-Sea barbarians" any access to China whatsoever. The competition of the factions was apparent when Xu succeeded in having a company of Portuguese gunners approved in 1620 only to have them returned the way they'd come in 1621, owing to local resistance upon various pretexts. After the fall of Guangning (now Beizhen in Liaoning), Ignatius Sun's extremely thorough memorials on the superiority of Western cannon and fortification attracted attention at the highest levels of the War Ministry. The Tianqi Emperor permitted a second Portuguese expedition to reach his capital in the spring of 1622. The same year, a Dutch assault on Portuguese Macao was repulsed when a gunner and the geometrician Giacomo Rho successfully struck the exact spot of the Dutch powder stores. The delegation in Beijing was sent home in 1624, however, when an exploding cannon killed the gunner João Corrêa and his two Chinese assistants.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Journey north.

paragraph: After more discussion, the Chongzhen Emperor approved a third and larger expedition of foreign gunners a few years later. The general Yuan Chonghuan had used his Portuguese-trained artillerists to great effect at Ningyuan in 1626, then again at Ningyuan and at Jinzhou in 1627, rolling back the Manchu cavalry that many of his men had considered "invincible". In early 1628, João Rodrigues and two others negotiated its terms at Guangzhou. Near the end of the year, Corrêa's reliability and experience with the Chinese caused him to win the coveted post leading the expedition. His team ultimately consisted of Rodrigues, two other interpreters (Simão Coelho and a Chinese jurubaça named Horatio Nerete), four other artillerists (Pedro de Quintal, Pedro Pinto, Francisco Aranha, and Francisco Corrêa), and 22 Indian and African servants. The inclusion of the elderly Jesuit Rodrigues was at the insistence of the Macanese patrons of the voyage. Their battery consisted of ten heavy cannon, seven bronze and three iron, and four "excellent bombards". They left Macao on 11 December 1628.

paragraph: The officials at Guangzhou were particularly distrustful of the Jesuit Rodrigues and held Corrêa and his men for extensive examination. They were still ultimately required by imperial mandate to permit them passage in February 1629. In fact, Corrêa and Rodrigues helped to disguise the Jesuits André Palmeiro (January 1569 14 April 1635) and Domingos Mendes (1652) as part of the company until late March when it was at Nanxiong in northern Guangdong, well away from the imperial border guards. Palmiero and Mendes then donned a disguise of Chinese clothing and bid them farewell, separating from the party to inspect various Jesuit missions throughout the country.

paragraph: Despite having missed the two Jesuits, local officials continued to delay and oppose the mission. They were kept at Nanjing, just like the earlier missions, until the local mandarins received a new confirmation from Beijing that they were to be allowed closer to the capital. Rodrigues composed a report blaming the delay on winds unfavorable for passage up the Grand Canal but was only attempting to save face on both sides. Palmeiro and Mendes, despite having conducted a tour of the southern provinces almost three times longer than Corrêa's route, were still able to join them in the southern capital in late August. The Jesuits found them "in perfect health, but excessively annoyed by the lengthy delays and fearful that these long waits would be followed by other, greater ones". After Manchu raiders were seen near Beijing, the new permits were issued and the party permitted to continue its mission on 14 February 1630. Corrêa and his men were from the capital when they encountered such a company of pillaging Manchus. The gunners retreated to nearby Zhuozhou and set up 8 of their cannon on the city walls. Without doing much damage, they were still able to compel the Manchus to retreat from the area, a result that caused them to be welcomed into Beijing triumphantly.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Beijing.

paragraph: In Beijing, contact between Nicolò Longobardo and Rodrigues was avoided to maintain the fiction that the Jesuits at court were entirely unrelated to the foreigners occupying Macao. The expedition of gunners was otherwise well received. Based on the battle at Zhuozhou, Corrêa claimed in a memorial to the throne that the Manchus continued to pose a threat to China but "300 Portuguese and a few loyal Chinese would be enough to scare off the Tartars and even to punish them in their lands". He offered his services as a negotiator with the Portuguese. Paul Xu, recently appointed Vice-Minister of War, published memorial on 2 March 1630 claiming that European weaponry consisted of better-quality metal and gunpowder, forged and sighted more accurately than their Chinese equivalents. Rodrigues submitted a memorial of his own, generally praising Macao and the Jesuits. The Chongzhen Emperor referred the question to the Ministry of Rites, which oversaw foreign affairs as well as religious ceremonial, but permitted Xu to be transferred there. As Vice-Minister of Rites, Xu offered a formal proposal on 5 June that Rodrigues be sent back to Macao to hire an infantry detachment, purchase cannon, and recruit gunners, totaling 200 men in all. He also had Giacomo Rho, the hero of the Dutch siege of Macao, visit Beijing to build interest and support. The proposal was accepted and, although some sources report that Corrêa returned to Macao to assemble the forces, he remained in Beijing to offer assistance with its defense while Rodrigues went south with Jiang Yunlong and two other high-ranking mandarins instructed to report any interference with his journey.

paragraph: Rodrigues reached Macao by the end of August and a special 6-member committee of the senate, convened ad hoc to consider the Chinese proposal, approved a plan whereby Pedro Cordeiro and António Rodrigues do Campo would lead two companies north to Corrêa, who would then assume general command. The two companies together had only 160 Portuguese soldiers, supplemented by about 100 Cantonese and 100 African and Indian servants, but this was still a large contingent from a town whose entire Portuguese population at the time was less than a thousand men. In the event, the party only reached as far as Nanchang in Jiangxi before they were turned back. On 27 June, the Chinese had learned that the Manchus were withdrawing due to epidemic diseases among their men and horses. By July, officials in the capital were submitting memorials that Portuguese help was no longer needed or advisable. Lu Zhaolong's in particular suggested that the Portuguese would use their military aid as a bargaining chip in negotiations concerning Macao, where officials had already pushed to maintain greater food stores, reduce their annual land tax, rebuild walls and towers, relax trade restrictions, dismiss the local county's assistant regional commander, and receive permission to settle on Pearl River shore opposite Guangzhou. Jiang, a member of Xu's pro-Western group, was maligned and accused of having embezzled from the funds set aside for the foreign mercenaries. More importantly, the major Guangzhou merchants, fearing the possibility that closer ties to Portugal might end their monopoly on its trade, raised a subscription and reïmbursed the throne for its expenses in hiring and returning the mercenaries. They were also anxious about reducing the defenses of the Portuguese settlement at a time when the less-liked Dutch were still at open war with them; their fort had only finally been permitted in 1625 and remained minimal. The emperor criticized his officials for their erratic counsel but overturned Xu and ordered Cordeiro and Rodrigues do Campo's return.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Shandong.

paragraph: The Jesuit Rodrigues continued north with a few others, upon the pretext that it was necessary that he deliver the expeditions' cannon and gifts for the emperor. Once in Beijing, he submitted a memorial denying Lu's accusations regarding Macao's demands and ambitions. He and his party then joined Corrêa, whose force had not been returned but sent southeast to the port city of Dengzhou in Shandong. There, he was continuing to train the Ming army in the use of Western cannon under the guidance of Governor Ignatius Sun, a Catholic convert and one of Paul Xu's protégés, trained in both geometry and gunnery and a warm supporter of their cause.

paragraph: On 19January 1632, poor treatment of Manchurian conscripts by Shandong's local officials and a failure to deliver their wages from Beijing on time led to their commanders Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming revolting against Governor Sun, who futilely attempted to negotiate with them for a peaceful resolution. On 11 February, they fully invested Dengzhou. Of the course of the siege, Teixeira and twelve other Portuguese manned their cannon and fired 19 times, killing about 600 or 700 of the mutineers. However, Teixeira was hit by an arrow while attempting to throw a grenade from the battlements and he died the next day, along with two of the other Portuguese. Traitors emerged within Sun's ranks and one secretly opened a gate of the fortress on 22 February, making further resistance futile. Nine more Portuguese were killed, 15 escaped only with serious injury, and Rodrigues—near seventy—survived only by jumping from the high city wall into the ocean below.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Although Sun was arrested and executed for his behavior during the mutiny, Corrêa was the subject of "A Record of Gonçalo the Dutiful" (, "Gōngshā Xiàozhōng Jǐ"), a Chinese paean to his bravery at Dongzhou written by João Rodrigues in the year after his death. A memorial by Rodrigues also secured an official statement from the War Ministry on 19 June 1632 which listed all Macao's services for China, including those performed by Corrêa. Xiong Mingyu, the Ming Minister of War, further gave Corrêa the posthumous title of Assistant Regional Commander and two of his men were also given the posthumous ranks of brigade commander and commandant in the Ming army.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Portuguese Empire & Portuguese Macao

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Ming Empire, the Tianqi Emperor, & the Chongzhen Emperor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jesuit China missions & João Rodrigues

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Xu, Ignatius Sun, Yuan Chonghuan, the military history of China before 1911, & "hongyipao"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kong Youde & Geng Zhongming

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- , reprinted in translation from the "Revue d'Histoire des Missions".

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

wikidata_label: Gonçalo Teixeira Corrêa

wikipedia_title: Gonçalo Teixeira Corrêa


text:
Norwegian
French horn
Stein Erik Tafjord
Runar Tafjord
electronica
Langevåg
Norway
Toneheim folkehøgskole
Maja Ratkje
French horn
Norwegian Academy of Music
Håkon Kornstad
Zeena Parkins
Fred Frith
Ikue Mori
Matmos
Kjetil Manheim
Mayhem
Øyvind Berg
Lasse Marhaug
Andreas Mjøs
Jørgen Træen
Knut Aalefjær
Rune Brøndbo
Lars Horntveth
Rob Waring
Christine Sandtorv
Jester Records
Marius Reksjø
Hild Sofie Tafjord
Myspace

categories: Women in electronic music,Musicians from Langevåg,Horn players,Norwegian jazz composers,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Hild Sofie Tafjord

paragraph: Hild Sofie Tafjord (born 4 January 1974) is a Norwegian musician (French horn), the daughter of jazz tuba player Stein Erik Tafjord and niese to the French horn player Runar Tafjord, known from several recordings and bands, especially in experimental electronica genera.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Langevåg, Norway, Tafjord first studied at the Toneheim folkehøgskole together with Maja Ratkje among others, and then the first exam in the French horn from Norwegian Academy of Music (2001).

paragraph: Together with Maria Ratkje, she played in the quartet SPUNK including Lene Grenager and Kristin Andersen (from 1995), the duo Fe-mail (from 2000), and the trio Agrare (with the dancer Lotta Melin). In Slinger she played with Lene Grenager and Lisa Dillan, and in the "Kvartett Lemur" she played with Lene Grenager, Michael Francis Duch and Bjørnar Habbestad. She often plays in duo with the saxophonist Håkon Kornstad and has collaborated with Zeena Parkins, Fred Frith, Ikue Mori and Matmos. Moreover, she has played within 'Crimetime Orchestra', 'No Spaghetti Edition' and 'Norwegian Noise Orchestra'.

paragraph: Tafjord's cooperation with Kjetil Manheim from Mayhem and Øyvind Berg, is worth mentioning. Her solo album was released in collaboration with Lasse Marhaug.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "KAMA" (Pica Disk)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Breathing" (+3dB)

paragraph: Section::::Collaborations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With «Rotoscope» including Andreas Mjøs, Jørgen Træen, Knut Aalefjær, Rune Brøndbo, Lars Horntveth, Rob Waring & Christine Sandtorv

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Great Curves" (Jester Records), feat. Hild Sofie Tafjord & Marius Reksjø

paragraph: BULLET::::- With Fe-mail and Carlos Giffoni

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Northern Stains" (Important Records)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hild Sofie Tafjord on Myspace

description: musician

wikidata_label: Hild Sofie Tafjord

wikipedia_title: Hild Sofie Tafjord


text: vaudeville

text: Paradise Roof Garden

text: Eva Tanguay

text: Wintergarten Theatre

text: Kaiser Wilhelm II

text: New York Hippodrome

text: Palace Theatre (Broadway)

text: Fern Andra

text: Barnum and Bailey Circus

text: Ringling Brothers Circus

text: May Wirth

text: Lillian Leitzel

text: Ziegfeld Follies

text: John Murray Anderson

text: Greenwich Village Follies

text: The Deep Purple

text: Raoul Walsh

text: Berta Beeson

text: Julian Eltinge

text: stock market crash

text: uterine cancer

text: Dixie Willson

text: Meredith Willson

text: International Circus Hall of Fame

text: Girl on a Wire

text: Cañon City, Colorado

text: Circus World Museum

text: The Circus in America - Bird Millman

categories: American circus performers,Vaudeville performers,Deaths from uterine cancer,Tightrope walkers,1940 deaths,People from Cañon City, Colorado,1890 births,Ziegfeld girls

paragraph: Bird Millman

paragraph: Bird Millman O’Day (born Jennadean Engleman; October 20, 1890 – August 5, 1940) was one of the most celebrated high-wire performers of all time. During the “Golden Age of the American Circus,” she was a premiere attraction with the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus.

paragraph: Section::::Mud shows and vaudeville.

paragraph: Born Jennadean Engleman in Cañon City, Colorado, as a child, Bird traveled in mud shows (small circuses) with her parents, Dyke F. Engleman and Genevieve Patton Engleman. In 1904, the Millman Trio entered big-time vaudeville, playing such destinations as Keith's Union Square and Hammerstein’s Paradise Roof Garden. At one point Bird was dubbed, perhaps ironically, "the Eva Tanguay of the Wire."

paragraph: At Berlin's Wintergarten Theatre, Bird gave a command performance before the court of Kaiser Wilhelm II. Upon her return to the United States, her act became Bird Millman & Co., adding the New York Hippodrome and the Palace Theatre (Broadway) to her list of credits. One of the troop’s new members, Fern Andra, did not return after a brief European tour; later, she resurfaced as a star of German silent film.

paragraph: Section::::Circus and Follies.

paragraph: In 1913, Bird became a center-ring performer with the Barnum and Bailey Circus, where she remained after its merger with the Ringling Brothers Circus. In the seasons of 1919 and 1920, the side rings were vacant during Bird's performance; such singularity was reserved for the circus’s greatest stars. Bird's peers were equestrienne May Wirth and aerialist Lillian Leitzel, the latter widely considered the greatest circus star of all time. Bird spent the circus’s off-season on Broadway, appearing in "The Ziegfeld Follies of 1916" and in several editions of Ziegfeld’s "Frolics".

paragraph: In 1921, she appeared in John Murray Anderson's "Third Annual Greenwich Village Follies". In 1920, she performed a specialty number in "The Deep Purple", a silent film directed by Raoul Walsh. Bird never relied on novelty or hair-raising stunts; rather, she was acclaimed for her unusual speed and seemingly effortless grace. Contrary to several well-meaning accounts, she did, indeed, employ a parasol for balance. During several exhibitions, she performed high above the streets of New York City; in addition to selling war bonds at such exhibitions, she gained widespread publicity.

paragraph: Following her retirement from show business, the cross-dressing Berta Beeson, “the Julian Eltinge of the Wire,” paid homage to her legacy in form and content.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Millman's first two marriages were brief: one ending in annulment, the other in quick divorce. Her third husband was Harvard graduate and military veteran, Joseph Francis O'Day, who died shortly after losing his fortune in the stock market crash of 1929.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Destitute, Bird joined her mother and extended family in her native Colorado, where she died of uterine cancer several months before her fiftieth birthday. Her eulogy was written by author Dixie Willson (sister of composer Meredith Willson).

paragraph: Section::::Circus Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Bird Millman was inducted posthumously into the International Circus Hall of Fame in 1961.

paragraph: Section::::Fictional.

paragraph: She is mentioned briefly in Gwenda Bond's book Girl on a Wire as the main protagonist's idol.

paragraph: Section::::Resources.

paragraph: Items of interest

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vanity Fair", October 1916 (cover)

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Why Bewitching Bird Millman ‘Hushed’ Her Goldspoon Marriage,” "Denver Post" (Magazine Section), 12 October 1924, p. 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Willson, Dixie. "Little Texas" (1929); "Mystery in Spangles" (1950)

paragraph: Collections

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Royal Gorge Regional Museum & History Center in Cañon City, Colorado houses several artifacts, including personal letters and Bird's vaudeville scrapbook.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Robert L. Parkinson Library and Research Center at the Circus World Museum houses programs, photographs, and more.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Circus Hall of Fame Inductees

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Circus in America - Bird Millman

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Bird Millman in The Historical Museum of the City of Kraków

description: American circus performer, Ziegfeld Girl

wikidata_label: Bird Millman

wikipedia_title: Bird Millman


text: KG

text: Barton Blount

text: Derbyshire

text: Barton Blount

text: Derbyshire

text: John Blount, 3rd Baron Mountjoy

text: Beverston Castle

text: Gloucestershire

text: Sir Thomas Montgomery

text: Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond

text: Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire

text: Anne Boleyn

text: Erasmus

text: John Colet

text: Thomas More

text: William Grocyn

text: Perkin Warbeck

text: King Henry VIII

text: Master of the Mint

text: Tournai

text: Cardinal Wolsey

text: Henry VIII

text: British Library

text: Field of the Cloth of Gold

text: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

text: Catherine of Aragon

text: divorce

text: Essenden

text: Hertfordshire

text: Gertrude Blount

text: lady in waiting

text: Mary I

text: Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter

text: KG

text: PC

text: William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon

text: Catherine of York

text: Edward IV

text: Inez de Venegas

text: Catherine of Aragon

text: Henry Keble

text: Lord Mayor of London

text: Greyfriars, London

text: Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy

text: English

text: Modbury

text: Devon

text: Sir Maurice Berkeley

text: Bruton

text: Somerset

text: Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset

text: Cecily Bonville

text: Thomas Grey

text: Lady Jane Grey

text: Holcombe Burnell

text: Holcombe Rogus

categories: Barons in the Peerage of England,16th-century English nobility,1470s births,Knights of the Garter,15th-century English people,1534 deaths,Masters of the Mint,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy

paragraph: William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy (c. 14788 November 1534), KG, of Barton Blount, Derbyshire, was an extremely influential English courtier, a respected humanistic scholar and patron of learning. He was one of the most influential and perhaps the wealthiest English noble courtier of his time. Mountjoy was known internationally as a humanist writer and scholar and patron of the arts.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: William Blount was born circa 1478 in Barton Blount, Derbyshire, the eldest son of John Blount, 3rd Baron Mountjoy (c. 14501485) by his wife Lora Berkeley (d. 1501), daughter of Edward Berkeley (d. 1506) of Beverston Castle, Gloucestershire. After her husband's death in 1485, Lora Berkeley remarried firstly to Sir Thomas Montgomery (d. 1495), and secondly to Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond (d. 1515), grandfather of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, father of Queen Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Blount was a pupil of Erasmus, who called him "inter nobiles doctissimus" ("The most learned amongst the nobles"). His friends included John Colet, Thomas More and William Grocyn.

paragraph: In 1497 he commanded part of a force sent to fight and suppress the rebellion of Perkin Warbeck. Mountjoy was appointed and served as King Henry VIII's boyhood tutor. In 1509 he was appointed Master of the Mint. In 1513 he was appointed Governor of Tournai (1513–1519), and his letters to Cardinal Wolsey and King Henry VIII describing his vigorous government of the town are preserved in the British Library.

paragraph: In 1520 he was present with Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, and in 1522 at the king's meeting with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Having served since 1512 as Chamberlain to Queen Catherine of Aragon, it fell to him in that office to announce to her the intention of Henry VIII to divorce her. He also signed the letter to the Pope conveying the king's threat to repudiate papal supremacy unless the divorce were granted. Mountjoy, who was one of the most influential and perhaps the wealthiest English noble courtier of his time. Sir William Blount, 4th Lord Mountjoy died on 8 November 1534 at Sutton-on-the-Hill, Derbyshire, England. Mountjoy was never disgraced, nor out of royal favor. His son Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy (1516–1544), was also a patron of learning.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Mountjoy married four times:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firstly, in about Easter 1497, to Elizabeth Saye (d. before 1506), daughter and co-heiress of Sir William Saye of Essenden, Hertfordshire, by whom he had a daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gertrude Blount, later a lady in waiting to Queen Mary I (1553–1558), who on 25 October 1519 married Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter (c. 14981538), KG, PC, the eldest son of William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon by his wife Catherine of York, daughter of King Edward IV.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondly, before the end of July 1509, Mountjoy married Inez de Venegas, one of the Spanish attendants of Catherine of Aragon while she was Princess of Wales.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thirdly, before February 1515, Mountjoy married Alice Keble (d. 8 June 1521), daughter of Henry Keble, Lord Mayor of London in 1510 and widow of Sir William Browne (d. 1514), Lord Mayor of London in 1513. She died in 1521 and was buried at the Greyfriars, London. By Alice he had children as follows:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy (28 June 1516 – 10 October 1544), eldest son and heir, like his father also a successful English courtier and patron of learning.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Blount (c. 151825 February 1559), who married firstly Sir John Champernowne of Modbury, Devon, and secondly Sir Maurice Berkeley (d. 1581) of Bruton, Somerset.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourthly, before 29 July 1523, Mountjoy married Dorothy Grey (daughter of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset by his wife Cecily Bonville (the greatest heiress of her age)) and widow of Robert Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby de Broke. Dorothy Grey was the sister of Thomas Grey (1477–1530), 2nd Marquis of Dorset, grandfather of Lady Jane Grey (1536/1537–1554) "Queen of Nine Days". Dorothy, Lady Mountjoy left a will proved 17 Nov. 1553 (P.C.C. 20 Tasche). By Dorothy he had the following children, all second cousins to Lady Jane Grey:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Blount

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mary Blount, who married (as his first wife) Robert Dennis, Knt. (d. 1592) of Holcombe Burnell in Devon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorothy Blount, who married John Blewett, Esq. (d. 1585) of Holcombe Rogus in Devon.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: English courtier, scholar, and patron of learning

wikidata_label: William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy

wikipedia_title: William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy


text:
rock
KYPCK
producer
Finland
HIM
HIM
Amorphis
Apocalyptica
The 69 Eyes
Devils
Angels
Amorphis
Elegy
My Kantele
Far from the Sun
Ancara
Apocalyptica
Inquisition Symphony
Cult
Eilera
HIM
Love Metal
Venus Doom
Heartkiller
Tears on Tape
Lordi
The Monsterican Dream
Moonspell
Darkness and Hope
The Antidote
Poisonblack
Of Rust and Bones
Ruoska
Samantha Scarlette
Violent Delights + Violent Ends
Sentenced
Crimson
The Cold White Light
The Funeral Album

wikipedia_title:
Rock music
KYPCK
Record producer
Finland
HIM (Finnish band)
HIM (Finnish band)
Amorphis
Apocalyptica
The 69 Eyes
Devils (The 69 Eyes album)
Angels (album)
Amorphis
Elegy (Amorphis album)
My Kantele
Far from the Sun
Ancara (band)
Apocalyptica
Inquisition Symphony (album)
Cult (Apocalyptica album)
Eilera
HIM (Finnish band)
Love Metal
Venus Doom
Heartkiller
Tears on Tape
Lordi
The Monsterican Dream
Moonspell
Darkness and Hope
The Antidote (Moonspell album)
Poisonblack
Of Rust and Bones
Ruoska
Samantha Scarlette
Violent Delights + Violent Ends
Sentenced
Crimson (Sentenced album)
The Cold White Light
The Funeral Album

categories: 1966 births,Living people,Finnish record producers

paragraph: Hiili Hiilesmaa

paragraph: Kai "Hiili" Hiilesmaa (born 1966) is the vocalist of the rock band The Skreppers, former drummer of doom metal band KYPCK, former keyboardist of rock band Daniel Lioneye, as well as a respected producer from Finland. He has worked with several internationally recognized rock groups, including his near 20-year association with Finnish band HIM.

paragraph: Hiilesmaa began producing music professionally in 1995, recording with such bands as HIM, Amorphis, and Apocalyptica. His trademarks include heavy, overdriven guitar sounds and experimental synthesiser programming. In 2013 Hiilesmaa addressed his preference for analog recording, "I prefer analog these days. Not only the sound, it asks more attitude to work with analog. Also you must make up your mind faster. There is no 'undo' in analog, which is often good."

paragraph: Section::::Partial discography.

paragraph: The 69 Eyes

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Devils" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angels" (2007)

paragraph: Amorphis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elegy" (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Kantele" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Far from the Sun" (2003)

paragraph: Ancara

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chasing Shadows (2009)

paragraph: Apocalyptica

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inquisition Symphony" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cult" (2000)

paragraph: Eilera

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Precious Moment" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fusion" (2007)

paragraph: HIM

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Greatest Love Songs Vol. 666" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love Metal" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Venus Doom" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shatter Me With Hope (Sword Of Democles version) From the Heartkiller CD Single" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "XX - Two Decades of Love Metal (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tears on Tape" (2013)

paragraph: Lordi

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Monsterican Dream" (2004)

paragraph: Moonspell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Darkness and Hope" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Antidote" (2003)

paragraph: Poisonblack

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Of Rust and Bones" (2010)

paragraph: Ruoska

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rabies" (2008)

paragraph: Samantha Scarlette

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Violent Delights + Violent Ends" (2014)

paragraph: Sentenced

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crimson (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cold White Light" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Funeral Album" (2005)

description: Finnish musician and producer

wikidata_label: Hiili Hiilesmaa

wikipedia_title: Hiili Hiilesmaa


text:
Danube
Zebegény
Righteous Among the Nations
Szőnyi István Memorial Museum

categories: 1894 births,20th-century Hungarian painters,Hungarian Righteous Among the Nations,1960 deaths

paragraph: István Szőnyi

paragraph: István Szőnyi (1894-1960) was a Hungarian painter noted for works such as "The Bend of the Danube and Zebegény." He and his family rescued Jews during the Holocaust. Hence they were declared Righteous Among the Nations on October 2, 1984. István Szőnyi was one of the most gifted members of the Nagybánya group.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Szőnyi István Memorial Museum

alias:
Istvan Szönyi
Istvan Szonyi
Étienne Szönyi
Stefan Szönyi
Stefan Szönyi (1894-1960)
István Szönyi

description: Hungarian painter

wikidata_label: István Szőnyi

wikipedia_title: István Szőnyi


text:
Napoleon III
Paris Commune
Valence, Drôme
Court of Cassation
Legion of Honour
Siege of Paris
Paris Commune
Mazas Prison

categories: People from Valence, Drôme,French lawyers,French Senators of the Second Empire,1871 deaths,People executed by France by firearm,Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur,Executed French people,1804 births

paragraph: Louis Bernard Bonjean

paragraph: Louis Bernard Bonjean (4 December 1804 - 21 May 1871) was a French jurist who was a Senator under Napoleon III.

paragraph: He was a prolific author. During the Paris Commune he was taken prisoner and later shot.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Bonjean was born in Valence, Drôme, on 4 December 1804.

paragraph: His family was from Savoy. He studied law in Paris, and received a doctorate in 1830.

paragraph: He participated in the July 1830 revolution.

paragraph: He had planned to make a career in legal education, but gave up this ambition after competing unsuccessfully to become a professor.

paragraph: In 1838 he obtained a position as an advocate for the King's Counsel and for the Court of Cassation.

paragraph: He gained a reputation from various works that he published on jurisprudence.

paragraph: Section::::Politician.

paragraph: Bonjean entered politics in 1848 and was elected as representative for Drôme on a Republican platform on 23 April 1848.

paragraph: However, he took his place on the right of the House and joined the conservative and Catholic majority.

paragraph: On 13 May 1849 he again ran for election for Drôme, and in March 1850 ran in a by-election in Paris, but did not succeed in either attempt.

paragraph: However, he remained involved in politics.

paragraph: At the start of 1851 the President gave him the post of Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, which he held for two weeks from 9 to 24 January.

paragraph: He supported the coup of December 1851, and was one of the members of the Council of State of 1852, presiding over the Interior section.

paragraph: Bonjean then entered the imperial judiciary. On 16 February 1855 he was named a senator. Although conservative, he sometimes leaned towards a more liberal position and came into conflict with the majority. On 14 August 1862 he was made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.

paragraph: He was made first president of the Court of Riom in 1863 and President of Chamber at the Court of Cassation in 1865.

paragraph: When the Siege of Paris began on 4 September 1870 he remained in Paris and helped with the defense as a member of the National Guard.

paragraph: The Paris Commune took him hostage and imprisoned him in Mazas Prison.

paragraph: He was among those shot at La Roquette by the troops of the Commune on 21 May 1871.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: Louis Bernard Bonjean was a prolific author, and also acted as an editor and translator. Selected works:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De la donation entre vifs" 56 p. 1837 Paris impr. Terzuolo

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mémoire à consulter pour les colons de la Guyane française spoliés par la violation de la capitulation du 12 janvier 1809 avec le Portugal" In-8°, 24 p. 1839 Paris impr. de Béthune et Plon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Traité des actions, ou Exposition historique de l'organisation judiciaire et de la procédure civile chez les Romains" 2 vol. in-8° 1841-1845 Paris Videcoq

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De la Propriété et de la prescriptibilité des îles du Rhin, extrait de la "Revue étrangère et française de législation"" In-8°, 46 p. 1843 Paris Joubert

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chrestomathie, ou Choix de textes pour un cours élémentaire du droit privé des Romains" In-8°, CXVI-484 p. 1843 Paris Videcoq et fils

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De l'Inconstitutionnalité de la juridiction militaire en Algérie à l'égard des citoyens français non militaires" In-8°, 32 p. 1843 Paris impr. de Rignoux

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Socialisme et sens commun", 68 p. May 1849 Paris Vve Le Normant

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conservation des oiseaux, leur utilité pour l'agriculture" 56 p. 1862 Tarbes impr. de Telmon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Du Pouvoir temporel de la papauté" In-8°, 533 p. 1862 Paris impr. de C. Lahure

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cour impériale de Riom" 7 Mai 1863 In-8°, 63 p. Riom, U. Jouvet

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Allopathes et les homéopathes devant le Sénat, discours de MM. Dumas, Bonjean et Dupin. Séance du 1er juillet 1865", 125 p. 1865 Paris Garnier frères

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Sources

description: French politician

wikidata_label: Louis Bernard Bonjean

wikipedia_title: Louis Bernard Bonjean


text:
Oberlangenau
Munich
Munich School
Munich Secession
Academy of Fine Arts Munich
Wilhelm von Diez
genre painting
Holstein
Fritz von Uhde
Bruno Piglhein
Max Liebermann
Friedrich August von Kaulbach
impressionism
Barbizon School
Franz von Lenbach
Madonna
Capri
Villa Lysis
Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen
Jugend
Langenau
Roman Malaria
Meyers Konversationslexikon

categories: German male painters,1854 births,Impressionism,19th-century German painters,1910 deaths,Academy of Fine Arts, Munich

paragraph: Paul Hoecker

paragraph: Paul Hoecker (11 August 1854, Oberlangenau – 13 January 1910, Munich) was a German painter of the Munich School and founding member of the Munich Secession

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: His passion for art developed gradually, beginning at the Neustadt Gymnasium, where he was known for his humorous drawings and caricatures of his instructors.

paragraph: In 1874, he became a student at the Academy of Fine Arts Munich, which he attended until the spring of 1879. His most influential instructor was Wilhelm von Diez, who led him away from genre painting to a more impressionistic style

paragraph: In 1882, he took a long journey, which included visits to Paris, the Netherlands, Holstein, the German seaports and then back to Munich, where he became friends with Fritz von Uhde, Bruno Piglhein and Max Liebermann. The next year, he had a display at the Munich International Art Exhibition, then travelled again to Paris and the Netherlands.

paragraph: From 1884 to 1888, he lived in Berlin, but returned to Munich and began painting in naturalistic colors with strong lighting effects.

paragraph: Section::::The Munich Academy.

paragraph: In 1891, at the young age of 36, he was appointed to the Munich Academy, where he replaced Friedrich August von Kaulbach, who had resigned suddenly. He was the first teacher at the Academy to take his students on field trips, which often lasted two weeks. He was also one of the first "modern" teachers there, exposing his students to impressionism and the latest developments from the Barbizon School. His studio was often referred to as the "Geniekasten" (Genius Box).

paragraph: Due to the pervasive influence of Franz von Lenbach, very little exhibition space was available for any art that was considered modern. In 1892, shortly after being appointed a Professor, this problem motivated Hoecker to become one of the founding members of the Munich Secession, acting as its secretary. The Secession ultimately inspired similar movements in Berlin and other cities.

paragraph: Section::::Scandal.

paragraph: In 1897, a scandal broke out when it was rumored that Hoecker had used a male prostitute as a model for a painting of the Madonna. Eventually, the scandal became more personal in nature, and he chose to resign from the Academy.

paragraph: He then travelled to Capri, where he stayed at the Villa Lysis, home of industrialist and poet Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen, who had left Paris in the wake of his own scandal. While there, Hoecker painted several portraits of Fersen's lover, Nino Cesarini, a professional model. By 1904, both scandals had been largely forgotten ("Jugend" magazine even published one of his Nino portraits – a fully clothed version) and he was able to return to Langenau.

paragraph: In 1910, he died of what was diagnosed as "Roman Malaria". His home is a tourist attraction, with a large collection of artworks.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Boetticher: "Malerwerke des 19. Jahrhunderts". Dresden, 1891 - 1901.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bruckmanns Lexikon der bildenden Künste". Münchner Maler im 19. Jahrhundert, Munich 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meyers Konversationslexikon" c.1910.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birgit Jooss: „ … der erste Moderne in der alten Akademie“ – der Lehrer Paul Höcker, in: Die Scholle. Eine Künstlergruppe zwischen Secession und Blauer Reiter. Hrsg. von Siegfried Unterberger, Felix Billeter und Ute Strimmer. Munich 2007, S. 28-43

paragraph: BULLET::::- Neue Pinakothek München: "Die Münchner Schule 1850 - 1914". Exhibition Catalog, Munich 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andreas Sternweiler (Hrsg.): "Goodbye to Berlin", 100 Jahre Schwulenbewegung, Berlin 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Hoecker und seine Schule. Von Fritz v. Ostini. In: Velhagen & Klasing´s Monatshefte, XXVII. Jahrgang 1912/1913, 6 February 1913, S. 161 ff. m. Abb.

alias:
Paul Höcker
Paul Hoeker
P. Hoeker
p. höcker
paul, prof. hocker
professor paul hoecker
p. hoecker
prof. paul hoecker
hocker
paul hoecker

description: painter

wikidata_label: Paul Hoecker

wikipedia_title: Paul Hoecker


text:
Dominican
baseball
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Houston Astros
New York Yankees
40-man roster
minor league
Boston Red Sox
Mexican League
Toros del Este
Dominican Winter League

categories: Charleston RiverDogs players,Houston Astros players,Trenton Thunder players,Toros del Este players,Tampa Yankees players,Sultanes de Monterrey players,Gulf Coast Yankees players,Staten Island Yankees players,Oklahoma City RedHawks players,Pawtucket Red Sox players,Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players,Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic,Battle Creek Yankees players,Corpus Christi Hooks players,Gulf Coast Astros players,Dominican Republic people of African descent,Portland Sea Dogs players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico,Tigres del Licey players,1983 births,Mexican League baseball pitchers

paragraph: José Valdez (baseball, born 1983)

paragraph: Jose Guerrero Valdez (born January 22, 1983) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros in 2011 and 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Valdez was signed by the New York Yankees as an international free agent in 2000. He signed with the Astros following the 2009 season and was placed on the 40-man roster. On October 18, 2011, he declared for free agency. However, he signed a minor league contract with the team on October 24.

paragraph: Valdez signed a minor league deal with the Boston Red Sox in January 2014, playing in their farm system that season. After spending 2015 in the Mexican League, he did not play professionally in 2016. Having signed with them in 2017, he currently plays for the Toros del Este of the Dominican Winter League.

description: Dominican Republic baseball player

wikidata_label: José Valdez

wikipedia_title: José Valdez (baseball, born 1983)


text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: John Plumbe

text: daguerreotypists

text: Washington Street

text: Bisson brothers

text: Masury, Samuel

categories: 1810s births,19th century in Boston,Artists from Boston,1874 deaths,19th-century American photographers

paragraph: Samuel Masury

paragraph: Samuel Masury (ca. 1818–1874) was a photographer in 19th-century Boston, Massachusetts. He trained with photographer John Plumbe around 1842. In 1853-1855 he partnered with G.M. Silsbee as "Masury & Silsbee", daguerreotypists, on Washington Street. Masury "traveled to Paris in 1855 to learn the glass negative process from the Bisson brothers, whose landscapes and architectural views were internationally celebrated." By 1858 he ran his own studio in Boston, on Washington Street. He presented work in the 1860 exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- WorldCat. Masury, Samuel

paragraph: BULLET::::- (includes info related to Masury)

description: American photographer

wikidata_label: Samuel Masury

wikipedia_title: Samuel Masury


text:
Australian rules football
Collingwood
Victorian Football League
Dave O'Donoghue's profile

categories: 1885 births,Collingwood Football Club players,Northcote Football Club players,1960 deaths,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

paragraph: Dave O'Donoghue

paragraph: Dave O'Donoghue (11 July 1885 – 25 August 1960) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dave O'Donoghue's profile at Collingwood Forever

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Dave O'Donoghue

wikipedia_title: Dave O'Donoghue


text:
Australian rules football
Collingwood
Victorian Football League
Doug Watsford
Stan Watsford's profile

categories: 1874 births,1927 deaths,Collingwood Football Club players,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

paragraph: Stan Watsford

paragraph: Edward Stanley Watsford (28 January 1874 – 21 August 1927) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

paragraph: He was the brother of Doug Watsford who also played for Collingwood.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stan Watsford's profile at Collingwood Forever

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Stan Watsford

wikipedia_title: Stan Watsford


text:
Australian rules football
Collingwood
Victorian Football League
Tungamah Football Club
1899 VFL season
Wilfred Fell's profile

categories: 1920 deaths,Collingwood Football Club players,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia),1879 births

paragraph: Wilfred Fell

paragraph: Wilfred George Fell (15 April 1879 – 11 April 1920) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

paragraph: Originally from Tungamah Football Club, Fell made his senior VFL debut in the 1899 VFL season, playing seven games for Collingwood before leaving the club at the end of the season.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilfred Fell's profile at Collingwood Forever

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Wilfred Fell

wikipedia_title: Wilfred Fell


text:
professional baseball
catcher
Baltimore Orioles
Major League Baseball
Washington Nationals
pitcher
outfielder
third baseman
catcher
coach
signing bonus
Gulf Coast Nationals
Rookie-level
Gulf Coast League
Hagerstown Suns
Class A
South Atlantic League
Potomac Nationals
Class A-Advanced
Carolina League
Arizona Fall League
Harrisburg Senators
Class AA
Eastern League
Miami Marlins
Jose Urena
2016 season
Syracuse Chiefs
International League
Wilson Ramos
Jose Lobaton
Coors Field
Colorado Rockies
Matt Carasiti
Baltimore Orioles
Jesus Sucre
Texas Rangers

categories: Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic,Major League Baseball catchers,Águilas Cibaeñas players,Harrisburg Senators players,People from Bonao,Potomac Nationals players,Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States,Baltimore Orioles players,Gulf Coast Nationals players,Mesa Solar Sox players,Hagerstown Suns players,Syracuse Chiefs players,1993 births,Living people

paragraph: Pedro Severino

paragraph: Pedro Severino De León (born July 20, 1993) is a Dominican professional baseball catcher for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Washington Nationals.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Nationals.

paragraph: Severino began playing baseball in the Dominican Republic as a pitcher, outfielder, and third baseman. In 2009, at the age of 15, his team needed a catcher, so a coach asked Severino to fill in. The coach noticed Severino's potential at catcher when he threw out a baserunner attempting to steal second base, and asked him to keep catching. He considered quitting, but his father encouraged him to try catching.

paragraph: In 2010, the Nationals signed Severino for a $55,000 signing bonus as a catcher. He debuted in 2011 for the Gulf Coast Nationals of the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League (GCL), where he struggled to gain the trust of his pitchers due to his youth and inability to understand English. He began to learn English, and worked on his catching development. After repeating the GCL in 2012, Severino played for the Hagerstown Suns of the Class A South Atlantic League (SAL) in 2013, where he was the team's youngest player. He batted .241, but threw out 40% of basestealers, and was named a SAL all-star. In 2014, Severino played for the Potomac Nationals of the Class A-Advanced Carolina League, where the average player was three years older than him. After the season, the Nationals assigned Severino to the Arizona Fall League.

paragraph: In 2015, Severino played for the Harrisburg Senators of the Class AA Eastern League. The Nationals promoted him to the major leagues on September 1, 2015. He made his major league debut on September 20, hitting a double against the outfield wall off Miami Marlins reliever Jose Urena in his first plate appearance and coming around to score.

paragraph: Severino began the 2016 season as the primary catcher for the Syracuse Chiefs in the Class AAA International League. He was called up to the majors in April 2016 for a brief stint after Wilson Ramos was placed on the bereavement list and again in July after Jose Lobaton was sent to the disabled list with an injury. He hit his first major league home run while pinch-hitting at Coors Field on August 17 against Colorado Rockies reliever Matt Carasiti. He was designated for assignment on March 21, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Orioles.

paragraph: On March 23, 2019, Severino was claimed off waivers by the Baltimore Orioles. On April 28, following Jesus Sucre being designated for assignment, Severino became the team's starting catcher. On June 4, Severino set a career high with three home runs in a game, as the Orioles defeated the Texas Rangers 12-11.

description: Dominican baseball player

wikidata_label: Pedro Severino

wikipedia_title: Pedro Severino


text: Siena

text: conservation-restoration

text: Rome

text: Roland Barthes

text: Giulio Carlo Argan

text: Heidegger

text: Derrida

text: Différance

text: ‘Cesare Brandi’

categories: 20th-century essayists,Italian art critics,20th-century Italian male writers,Italian male non-fiction writers,Italian art historians,Conservator-restorers,20th-century historians,1988 deaths,1906 births,Italian essayists,Male essayists

paragraph: Cesare Brandi

paragraph: Cesare Brandi (Siena, 8 April 1906 – Vignano, 19 January 1988) was an art critic and historian, specialist in conservation-restoration theory.

paragraph: In 1939 he became the first director of the "Istituto Centrale per il Restauro" (Central Institute for Restoration, now the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro) in Rome.

paragraph: His main books on art interpretation are "Le due vie" (1966, Bari), and "Teoria generale della critica" (1974). "Le due vie" was presented and debated in Rome by Roland Barthes, Giulio Carlo Argan and Emilio Garroni. The philosopher he felt mostly closer to was Heidegger, although their positions didn't coincide; for this, he felt also closer to Derrida, particularly to his theorization of Différance.

paragraph: In 1963 he published "Teoria del Restauro", a landmark theoretical essay on restoration. His theory gave rise to 'trateggio,' a controversial technique for repainting missing or damaged sections of works of art.

paragraph: His broad practical experience and his phenomenological references ranging from Plato to Kant, passing through Benedetto Croce, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Bergson and especially Edmund Husserl and Hegel, culminated in what became known as Theory of Critical Restoration, Whose main work (Theory of Restoration) refers to 1963. His proposals had a great influence in the Italian Restoration Letter of 1972 and, consequently, in the current practice of restoration around the world.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Cesare Brandi’, arthistorians.info

description: Italian art historian

wikidata_label: Cesare Brandi

wikipedia_title: Cesare Brandi


text: Irish Catholic

text: Gurteen

text: County Galway

text: Galway County Council

text: St Patrick's College, Maynooth

text: Diocese of Clonfert

text: Ennistymon, County Clare

text: Rahoon, Galway City

text: Irish War for Independence

text: Irish republican

text: Lenaboy Castle

text: Barna

text: Loughrea Cathedral

text: Father Griffins

text: Frank Shawe-Taylor

text: Irish War of Independence

categories: Deaths by firearm in Ireland,1920 deaths,People murdered in Ireland,People killed in the Irish War of Independence,Irish Roman Catholic priests,People from County Galway,1892 births,Alumni of St Patrick's College, Maynooth

paragraph: Michael Griffin (Irish priest)

paragraph: Father Michael Griffin (18 September 1892 – 14 November 1920) was an Irish Catholic priest.

paragraph: Griffin was born in the townland of Gurteen, County Galway, to Thomas George Griffin, a farmer, and Mary Coyne (also Kyne). In the 1901 and 1911 censuses, the family was recorded as living in the neighbouring townland of Gortnacross. Griffin's father was chairman of Galway County Council upon his death in 1914 and had been associated with the Land League, Parnell and was imprisoned for his activities in the 1880s.

paragraph: Griffin was ordained at St Patrick's College, Maynooth in 1917. A priest of the Diocese of Clonfert, he served in the Diocese of Galway, Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora. In June 1918, the curate was transferred from the parish of Ennistymon, County Clare, to Rahoon, Galway City.

paragraph: On the night of 14 November 1920, during the Irish War for Independence, Griffin, a known Irish republican sympathiser, was taken from his home at 2 Montpellier Terrace and taken to Lenaboy Castle, where he was questioned. On 20 November, his body was found in an unmarked grave in a bog at Cloghscoltia near Barna; he had been shot through the head. On 23 November, after Griffin's funeral mass at St Joseph's, the funeral cortege took place through the streets of Galway. Three bishops, 150 priests and in excess of 12,000 mourners participated. The priest was buried in the grounds of Loughrea Cathedral.

paragraph: A group of enthusiasts gathered together in Galway in the spring of 1948 to form a football club and they decided unanimously to name the club "Father Griffins". There is also a road in Galway City called "Father Griffin Road".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frank Shawe-Taylor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irish War of Independence

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lady Gregory's Journal", v. 1. Books 1-29: 10 October 1916 – 24 February 1925; 1978;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Athenry: A Local History (1850–1983)", Aggie Qualter, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Athenry: A Brief History and Guide", Ann Healy, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lamberts of Athenry", ed. Finnbarr O'Regan, Galway, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fields of Athenry", James Charles Roy, 2001.

description: Irish Roman Catholic priest

wikidata_label: Michael Griffin

wikipedia_title: Michael Griffin (Irish priest)


text:
Paris
Socialist Party

categories: Politicians from Paris,1915 births,Politicians of the French Fifth Republic,1978 deaths,École Polytechnique alumni,French Resistance members,Socialist Party (France) politicians,French Ministers of National Education

paragraph: André Boulloche

paragraph: André Boulloche (7 September 1915 in Paris – 16 March 1978) was a French politician who belonged to the Socialist Party.

description: French politician

wikidata_label: André Boulloche

wikipedia_title: André Boulloche