text:
Byzantine
eunuch
Cappadocia
Phokas family
stratopedarches
Nikephoros II Phokas
Antioch
Aleppo
John I Tzimiskes
against the Rus'
Bardas Skleros
Asia Minor
Nikephoros II Phokas
Zonaras
Phokas clan
Leo the Deacon
Rus'
Magyar
Thrace
epi tes trapezes
John Tzimiskes
stratopedarches
Domestic of the Schools
Khurasan
Antioch
Alexandretta
Hamdanid
Syria
fall of the city
strategos
Michael Bourtzes
coup de main
Aleppo
Qarghuyah
Sa'd al-Dawla
Bakjur
Treaty of Safar
war against the Rus'
tagmata
Macedonia
Thrace
Dorostolon
siege
Bardas Skleros
Macedonian dynasty
Basil II
Constantine VIII
parakoimomenos
Basil Lekapenos
doux
patrikios
Eustathios Maleinos
Melitene
Kotyaion
Anatolia
Romanos Taronites
Iconium

categories: 977 deaths,Slaves,Year of birth uncertain,10th-century Byzantine military personnel,Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars,History of Aleppo,Byzantine eunuchs,Byzantine generals

paragraph: Peter (stratopedarches)

paragraph: Peter (, died 977) was a Byzantine eunuch general. Originally a servant of the powerful Cappadocian Phokas family, he was raised to high military office ("stratopedarches" of the East) under Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas, leading the capture of Antioch and the subjugation of Aleppo in 969. Under John I Tzimiskes, he fought as a senior commander against the Rus' in 970–971, while after Tzimiskes' death he led the loyalist forces against the revolt of the general Bardas Skleros in Asia Minor, falling in battle in autumn 977.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to several Byzantine sources, Peter was originally a servant or member of the personal retinue of Nikephoros II Phokas. The exact relationship is unclear; although he is termed a slave, it is more likely that he was simply a manservant. Due to a mistranslation of a passage by Zonaras, he has been sometimes erroneously identified as a member of the Phokas clan and is known in some modern works as "Peter Phokas". Although a eunuch, Peter proved himself a strong warrior, and his abilities as a general are uniformly praised in contemporary accounts. The historian Leo the Deacon writes that he "abounded in bodily strength" and records that he once defeated in single combat the leader of a "Scythian" (Rus' or Magyar) warband in Thrace. Nothing is known of his early life and career, but he may have held the post of "epi tes trapezes" (master of the table) as Arab sources call him "al-Aṭrābāzī" and "aṭ-Ṭrabāzī".

paragraph: In spring 967, following the dismissal of John Tzimiskes from the high command of the Byzantine Empire's eastern forces, Nikephoros appointed Peter to the new post of "stratopedarches", and gave him overall command of the eastern army. This new post is most likely explained by the fact that, being a eunuch, Peter could not occupy the office of Domestic of the Schools, which traditionally designated the Byzantine commanders-in-chief. His first task was to counter an expedition by Khurasani troops under Muhammad ibn Isa, who had arrived at Antioch. Peter defeated them near Alexandretta and took Muhammad captive, until the Antiochenes ransomed him.

paragraph: In 968 Nikephoros II himself came east to take up the reins of his army. Peter participated in the emperor's invasion of Hamdanid-ruled northern Syria and the subsequent prolonged siege of Antioch, which culminated in the fall of the city. In this operation, the "strategos" Michael Bourtzes had the initiative, seizing one of the city's main towers in a "coup de main". At this time, Peter was marching with his forces towards Aleppo on the request of Qarghuyah, who had usurped power there, to relieve its siege by loyalist Hamdanid troops under Sa'd al-Dawla. Learning of Bourtzes' feat, Peter turned back and reached Antioch three days later. After the capture of Antioch, which took place on October 28, the two Byzantine generals resumed their advance on Aleppo, forcing Sa'd al-Dawla to flee. The Byzantines proceeded to attack Aleppo themselves, with the populace withdrawing to the citadel and abandoning the lower city to the imperial troops. After a siege of 27 days, Qarghuyah and his lieutenant Bakjur capitulated. In the Treaty of Safar, Aleppo and the former Hamdanid domains of northern Syria became an imperial vassal, hostages were given, an annual tribute was to be paid to the emperor, and a Byzantine tax official was to be established in the city. The Byzantines on the other hand recognized Qarguyah as the ruler of Aleppo, and Bakjur as his successor.

paragraph: After Nikephoros's assassination by John Tzimiskes in December 969, Peter, despite his close association with the murdered emperor, continued in active service during Tzimiskes's reign (r. 969–976), when he participated in the war against the Rus' in Bulgaria as leader of the "tagmata" of Macedonia and Thrace. He is mentioned as guarding the western wall of Dorostolon during its siege by the Byzantines, while Bardas Skleros guarded the eastern one. It is possibly during this campaign that Leo the Deacon's incident with his single combat against the "Scythian" leader took place.

paragraph: In 976, Tzimiskes died, and the throne reverted to the legitimate emperors of the Macedonian dynasty, the young brothers Basil II and Constantine VIII, under the tutelage of the "parakoimomenos" Basil Lekapenos. The throne was coveted, however, by Bardas Skleros, who as commander-in-chief of the eastern armies and a relative of Tzimiskes had been his effective second in command. In a move designed to lessen Skleros' power, Lekapenos replaced him with Peter and sent him to the post of "doux" of Antioch instead. It is at this point that Peter probably received the rank of "patrikios"; he is mentioned by Leo the Deacon and Arab sources as a "patrikios" already in 969, but this is more likely a generic use in the sense of "commander". Undeterred, Skleros shortly after rose in revolt, being proclaimed emperor by his supporters. Peter was sent out, together with the "patrikios" Eustathios Maleinos, against the rebel's stronghold, the region around Melitene. During the siege of the rebel fortress of Lapara, however, sometime in the summer of 976, Skleros's army attacked unexpectedly, routing the loyalist army. Withdrawing to Kotyaion in western Anatolia, the remains of this army were joined by new forces. Under the command of the eunuch Leo, the loyalist army marched east again in autumn 977. The imperial army managed to score a success against Skleros' subordinates, Michael Bourtzes and Romanos Taronites, but in a pitched battle at Rhageai near Iconium, they were decisively defeated by Skleros himself. Among many other loyalist commanders, Peter too fell on the battlefield.

alias: Πέτρος Φωκάς

description: Byzantine eunuch general

wikidata_label: Peter Phokas

wikipedia_title: Peter (stratopedarches)


text:
Arabic
Byzantine
capture
Antioch
Arabs
Nikephoros II Phokas
Basil II
Bardas Skleros
doux
Antioch
Fatimids
Bourtzes
Euphrates
Soterioupolis
Trebizond
Vitalien Laurent
Jean-Claude Cheynet
Peter Charanis
Nicholas Adontz
Nikephoros II Phokas
patrikios
strategos
theme
Amanus Mountains
Antioch
28 October
stratopedarches
Peter
Eustathios Maleinos
John Tzimiskes
Boukoleon Palace
Yahya of Antioch
Patriarch Christopher
John Skylitzes
tagma
Stratelatai
Bardas Skleros
Basil II
Constantine VIII
parakoimomenos
Basil Lekapenos
Syria
doux
Fatimid
Tripolis
Mesopotamia
Melitene
Cilicia
Antitaurus Mountains
Lykandos
Yahya of Antioch
Anatolic Theme
Romanos Taronites
Kotyaion
Ikonion
Aleppo
Bardas Phokas
Leo Phokas
Hamdanid
Sa'd al-Dawla
Bakjur
Manjutakin
Apamea
Germanikeia
Laodicea
Asia Minor
Shayzar
Damascus
battle
Orontes
Azaz
Damian Dalassenos

categories: Generals of Basil II,Byzantine people of Arab descent,Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars,10th-century Byzantine people,Year of death unknown,930s births,Byzantine governors of Antioch,Byzantine generals

paragraph: Michael Bourtzes

paragraph: Michael Bourtzes (, Arabic: "Miḥā’īl al-Burdjī"; ca. 930/35 – after 996) was a leading Byzantine general of the latter 10th century. He became notable for his capture of Antioch from the Arabs in 969, but fell into disgrace by the Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas. Resentful at the slight, Bourtzes joined forces with the conspirators who assassinated Phokas a few weeks later. Bourtzes re-appears in a prominent role in the civil war between Emperor Basil II and the rebel Bardas Skleros, switching his allegiance from the emperor to the rebel and back again. Nevertheless, he was re-appointed as "doux" of Antioch by Basil, a post he held until 995, when he was relieved because of his failures in the war against the Fatimids.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career under Nikephoros II and John Tzimiskes.

paragraph: Michael Bourtzes was the first prominent member of the Bourtzes family, originating in the upper Euphrates region, which went on to become one of the major clans of the Byzantine military aristocracy during the 11th century. The name has been proposed as deriving either from the Arabic "burdj", "tower", or from the placename Bourtzo or Soterioupolis near Trebizond. Likewise the ethnic origin of the family is disputed among scholars: Vitalien Laurent and Jean-Claude Cheynet suggested an Arab origin, while Peter Charanis and Nicholas Adontz advocated an Armenian origin.

paragraph: The date of Michael Bourtzes's birth is unknown, but must be placed sometime between 930 and 935. He is first mentioned in late 968, when he was appointed by Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas (reigned 963–969) as "patrikios" and "strategos" of the small theme of Mauron Oros ("Black Mountain"), on the southern outliers of the Amanus Mountains. With his base on the newly built fortress of Pagras, Bourtzes and his thousand men were tasked with controlling the northern approaches to the Arab-held city of Antioch. Acting against Nikephoros's orders not to assault the city in his absence, in the late autumn of 969, Bourtzes persuaded a traitor inside the city to surrender one of the wall's main towers, which he then promptly occupied on 28 October. He then defended this post against repeated attacks of the city's defenders for three days, until the reinforcements led by the "stratopedarches" Peter arrived and secured the city for the Byzantines. Despite his major role in this success, Bourtzes's reward was distinctly lacking: angry at him for disobeying his orders, or, according to another account, for laying fire and destroying much of the city, Emperor Nikephoros dismissed him from his post and appointed a kinsman of his, Eustathios Maleinos, as the first governor of Antioch.

paragraph: Angered by this treatment, Bourtzes joined a conspiracy involving a number of other prominent generals who were discontent at Nikephoros, chief amongst them John Tzimiskes. On the night of 10/11 December 969, a group of these conspirators, including Tzimiskes and Bourtzes, managed to gain access to the imperial Boukoleon Palace by sea, and proceeded to murder the emperor and install Tzimiskes as his successor. Despite his prominent role in the assassination of Nikephoros II, the historical sources barely mention Bourtzes for the duration of Tzimiskes's reign (969–976). Only Yahya of Antioch records that in summer 971, with 12,000 men, he oversaw the repairs carried out to the walls of Antioch following an earthquake and executed one of the murderers of Patriarch Christopher, but it is not certain whether he had been placed in command there as governor. Rather, at the time of Tzimiskes's death in January 976, he is stated by John Skylitzes to have commanded the elite "tagma" of the "Stratelatai" in the army of Bardas Skleros.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career under Basil II.

paragraph: At the point of Tzimiskes's death, imperial power reverted to the legitimate emperors, the young brothers Basil II (r. 976–1025) and Constantine VIII (co-emperor until 1025, sole emperor in 1025–28). In view of their youth and inexperience, however, government essentially continued to be exercised by the powerful "parakoimomenos", Basil Lekapenos. Almost immediately, the "parakoimomenos" moved to forestall any moves by one of the powerful Anatolian magnates to seize the throne and reign as a supposed "guardian" of the two young emperors, like Phokas and Tzimiskes had done. A general reshuffle of the most important army posts in the East followed, interpreted by later historians like Skylitzes as a move to weaken the position of over-powerful "strategoi". At this point, Bourtzes was appointed commander of the troops in northern Syria, with his seat at Antioch; indeed, he seems to have been the first to be titled "doux" of Antioch. According to Skylitzes, this move was designed by the "parakoimomenos" to wean him away from his close relationship with Skleros, who as one of the Empire's senior generals and "de facto" second-in-command under his relative Tzimiskes, was a prime candidate for usurping the throne. Almost immediately after his appointment, Bourtzes set out in a deep raid into Fatimid-controlled Syria, reaching Tripolis and returning with much booty.

paragraph: In spring, however, Bardas Skleros, now appointed "doux" of Mesopotamia, rose in revolt and proclaimed himself emperor at his base in Melitene. Bourtzes was commanded by Constantinople to lead his force north, join the army of Eustathios Maleinos, now governor of Cilicia, and block the rebel from crossing the Antitaurus Mountains. Leaving his son in control of Antioch, Bourtzes complied and marched north. In the ensuing battle at the fortress of Lapara in the province of Lykandos (autumn 976), however, the combined loyalist force was routed, with Bourtzes being the first to retreat according to the chroniclers. As Skylitzes pointedly comments, Bourtzes' conduct during the battle was attributed either to cowardice or to malice; certainly soon after, he deserted the imperial camp and joined Skleros. According to the contemporary Yahya of Antioch, Bourtzes at first fled to a fortress in the Anatolic Theme, but was followed by Skleros and persuaded to come over to his side. Bourtzes's defection brought Skleros control of Antioch as well: Bourtzes commanded his son Constantine to join him, and the city was left in the hands of the Arab Kulayb, who was soon overthrown by another Arab, Ubaydallah, who also joined Skleros. In the summer of 977, Boutzes was deployed, along with Romanos Taronites, in command of Skleros's forces shadowing the operations of the imperial army advancing from Kotyaion to Ikonion. The presence of the tribute caravan from Aleppo entangled the two forces in an impromptu fight at Oxylithos, which ended in a bloody defeat for the rebels. After this, Bourtzes again switched sides and rejoined the imperial army, now led by Bardas Phokas.

paragraph: Nothing is known of Bourtzes's career for the next twelve years. Uniquely amongst the military leaders who had revolted against him, Basil II continued to rely on Bourtzes and entrusted him again with the critical position of "doux" of Antioch in 989, in the aftermath of another rebellion, this time of Bardas Phokas. In November 989, Bourtzes took the city over from Leo Phokas, the son of Bardas, who himself had submitted to the emperor only months earlier. From this position, over the next few years Bourtzes led the defence of the imperial frontier in a renewed bout of fighting with the Fatimids, as the two empires disputed control over the Hamdanid emirate of Aleppo.

paragraph: In 991 he provided military assistance to the Hamdanid emir of Aleppo, Sa'd al-Dawla, which enabled the latter to defeat the rebel Bakjur, who with Fatimid help tried to seize Aleppo. Early in the next year, a Fatimid army under Manjutakin advanced on Aleppo. Manjutakin sent a messenger to Bourtzes, claiming that his conflict was with Aleppo, and did not involve the Byzantines, but Bourtzes had the messenger arrested. After defeating the Hamdanids in battle near Apamea, Manjutakin laid siege to Aleppo for 33 days, after which he left part of his forces behind and led the rest to confront Bourtzes, who was marching to the city's aid. At the ensuing battle at Siderophygon (Arabic Jisr al-Hadith) Bourtzes and his men were defeated. Manjutakin followed up his success by capturing the fortress of Imm, commanded by Bourtzes' nephew, and taking him and 300 troops prisoner, before embarking on a plundering raid through Byzantine territory as far as Germanikeia (Ar. Mar'ash). The Fatimid general returned to Aleppo, but was unable to take it and withdrew later in the year. At about the same time, the Muslim population of Laodicea, Antioch's seaport, rose in revolt, but Bourtzes was able to put it down and deported the populace to the interior of Byzantine territory in Asia Minor.

paragraph: In the late summer of 993, Manjutakin launched yet another expedition, capturing Apamea and Larissa (Ar. Shayzar) and continuing his raids in the Byzantine province around Antioch, before returning safely to Damascus. In spring 994, Manjutakin once more moved against Aleppo. Responding to the calls for aid by the Hamdanids, Basil II ordered Bourtzes to come to their aid, and sent the "magistors" Leo Melissenos with reinforcements to Syria. The Byzantine army however was surprised and heavily defeated when attacked on two flanks by Manjutakin in a battle at the banks of the Orontes, on 15 September 994. Manjutakin went on to capture Azaz and continued his siege of Aleppo until the personal intervention of Basil II in a lightning campaign the next year. These failures, as well as accusations that he had exacerbated the conflict by imprisoning the Fatimid ambassador in 992, brought Basil's displeasure upon Bourtzes, who was replaced with Damian Dalassenos.

paragraph: Nothing more is known of Michael Bourtzes after that, and it may be that he died sometime around the autumn of 995. He did, however, have at least three sons, Michael, Theognostos, and Samuel, known because they conspired against Constantine VIII after he blinded Michael's son, named Constantine, in 1025/26.

description: Byzantine general

wikidata_label: Michael Bourtzes

wikipedia_title: Michael Bourtzes


text:
Gosport
Roots Manuva
Speech Debelle
Speech Therapy
Mercury Prize
Speech Therapy
Lotek Hi-Fi
Big Dada
Collingwood
Melbourne
Australia
Roots Manuva
Dialectrix
Hilltop Hoods
Drinking from the Sun
Black Thought
hip hop
The Roots

paragraph: Wayne "Lotek" Bennett

paragraph: Wayne "Lotek" Bennett (born 1977 in Gosport, England) is a music producer, songwriter and rapper from the UK. He is most famous for his work with Roots Manuva and more recently with Speech Debelle, producing her debut album "Speech Therapy" which won the 2009 Mercury Prize.

paragraph: In 2005, Lotek won the BBC Performing Arts Fund's Urban Music Award and was quoted as saying, "with the Performing Arts Fund money I bought a laptop, microphone and a compact mixer. After flying around Eastern Europe recording with artists from Poland, Russia and Hungary I returned briefly to London before flying to Australia (the flight down under was also funded by the award)". He is now based in Melbourne, Australia, where "Speech Therapy" was recorded.

paragraph: One of his other projects is the dub, reggae and hip-hop group Lotek Hi-Fi, who are currently signed to the Big Dada label.

paragraph: In late 2010, Lotek's debut solo record "International Rudeboy" was released. Completed in Collingwood, Melbourne (Australia) at Counter Clockwise Studios, it features many local and international guests including Roots Manuva, Jimmy Screech, Ricky Ranking, RuC.L, Ozi Batla, Dialectrix and Ciecmate. The critically acclaimed album mixes hip-hop, reggae, ska and dancehall styles.

paragraph: Lotek appears as a guest vocalist on the song, "Living In Bunkers", track 5 of Hilltop Hoods's album, "Drinking from the Sun". The song also features Black Thought of American hip hop group, The Roots.

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Wayne Bennett

wikipedia_title: Wayne "Lotek" Bennett


text:
American football
cornerback
return specialist
Philadelphia Eagles
1998 NFL Draft
college football
Notre Dame
Green Bay Packers
Atlanta Falcons
Pittsburgh Steelers
San Francisco 49ers
Dallas Cowboys
Pro Bowl
2004
Skyline High School
Southwest Conference
University of Notre Dame
NCAA
All-America
Philadelphia Eagles
Freddie Solomon, Jr.
Washington Redskins
Green Bay Packers
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Indianapolis Colts
Atlanta Falcons
Eddie Drummond
Detroit Lions
Tennessee Titans
Kansas City Chiefs
Seattle Seahawks
St. Louis Rams
DeAngelo Hall
Pittsburgh Steelers
San Francisco 49ers
San Francisco 49ers
Detroit Lions
Dicky Moegle
Baltimore Colts
Arizona Cardinals
Monday Night Football
unrestricted free agent
Michael Crabtree
Dallas Cowboys
Felix Jones
Patrick Crayton
Patrick Crayton
St. Louis Rams
Deion Sanders
Tim Dwight
Allen Rossum at Pro-Football Reference
Allen Rossum "Healthy Kids" Foundation

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,Green Bay Packers players,Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players,Philadelphia Eagles players,People from Dallas,Pittsburgh Steelers players,American football return specialists,Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's track and field athletes,San Francisco 49ers players,1975 births,National Conference Pro Bowl players,Players of American football from Texas,American football cornerbacks,Living people

paragraph: Allen Rossum

paragraph: Allen Bonshaca Lamont Rossum (born October 22, 1975) is a former American football cornerback and return specialist. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the third round of the 1998 NFL Draft. He played college football at Notre Dame.

paragraph: Rossum also played for the Green Bay Packers, Atlanta Falcons, Pittsburgh Steelers, San Francisco 49ers and Dallas Cowboys. He was a Pro Bowl selection in 2004. Rossum was one of the most consistent returners in the league during his 12-year career. That consistency put him in the top five of all-time return leaders. During his career he ranked first among active players in both punt and kickoff return yards. He is the only player in NFL history to have a kickoff return for a touchdown with five different teams.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Rossum attended Skyline High School in Dallas, Texas, where he played option quarterback, receiver and tailback in addition to returning kicks and playing defensive back. He recorded 580 tackles and 13 interceptions. He also rushed for 1,634 yards and had 12 touchdown receptions as a senior.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.:Track and field.

paragraph: Rossum was an accomplished track star as well, captaining his high school team all four years and setting the 1993 HS record in the 100m with a 10.02.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Rossum was recruited by every school in the former Southwest Conference. He accepted a scholarship from the University of Notre Dame, where he became a starter for the Fighting Irish football team during his sophomore year and served as one of three senior captains in 1997. During his career there, he set an NCAA career record with nine touchdown returns (three interceptions, three punts and three kickoffs). As a cornerback, he tallied seven interceptions, 144 tackles, two sacks and 12 passes defensed. He also ran for the Irish track team, becoming a two-time All-American competing in the 55-meter dash. Rossum graduated early from Notre Dame with a dual degree in business and computer applications.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Philadelphia Eagles.

paragraph: Rossum was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the third round (85th overall) of the 1998 NFL draft. Rossum set Eagles single-season records for kickoff returns (54) and kickoff return yds (1,347), while ranking 4th in NFC (and 5th in the NFL) with a 24.9 avg. He was selected as the special teams MVP by his teammates. Tallied 12 tackles and 2 PDs at CB, adding a career-high 17 special teams stops and ranking 7th in conference with an 8.9 avg. on 28 punt returns in addition to an 86-yd. return to earn NFC Special Teams Player of the Week. In his rookie season shared punt return duties with Freddie Solomon, Jr., returning 22 for 187 yds. (8.5 avg.).

paragraph: He played two seasons with the Eagles as a return specialist and backup cornerback. During his career with the Eagles, he returned 50 punts for 437 yards and 98 kickoffs for 2,427 yards with one returned for a touchdown (an 89-yard return against the Washington Redskins).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Green Bay Packers.

paragraph: Rossum was acquired by the Green Bay Packers for an undisclosed draft pick in 2000 and spent two seasons with the team, during which he returned 40 punts for 357 yards and one touchdown (a 55-yard return against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers), and returned 73 kickoffs for 1,719 yards and one touchdown (a 92-yard return against the Indianapolis Colts and was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week for his efforts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: After two seasons with the Packers, he signed with the Atlanta Falcons as an unrestricted free agent and became the team's all-time leader in kickoff and punt return yardage. In 2003, he led the NFL with 545 punt return yards. Rossum won the NFL's "fastest man" competition at the 2005 Pro Bowl, where he also made his first appearance for the NFC squad as a kick returner, replacing injured Eddie Drummond of the Detroit Lions. In his five seasons with Atlanta, he returned 154 punts for 1,723 yards and two touchdowns (one a 59-yard return against the Tennessee Titans, another a 75-yard return against the Kansas City Chiefs), and returned 250 kickoffs for 5,489 yards and one touchdown (a 91-yard return against the Seattle Seahawks). During the 2004 season, Rossum also recorded two interceptions as a cornerback and set a playoff record in a win against the St. Louis Rams with 152 punt return yards on just three returns, an average of 50.7 yards per return, including a touchdown where he faked a lateral to DeAngelo Hall.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.

paragraph: In 2007, Rossum was traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers for a 2008 conditional draft pick, but was released after one season. He returned 36 punts for 232 yards, and returned 38 kickoffs for 885 yards and one touchdown (a 98-yard return against the San Francisco 49ers).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: Rossum signed with the San Francisco 49ers on February 29, 2008. The 49ers used him primarily as a kick returner, although he occasionally played as a receiver during the season, scoring a rushing touchdown on a reverse against the Detroit Lions – the first rushing touchdown of his career. Rossum became the first 49ers defensive back to score an offensive touchdown since Dicky Moegle in 1955 (December 11, 1955 vs. Baltimore Colts). He returned 15 punts for 223 yards, and returned 47 kickoffs for 1,259 yards and a touchdown (a 104-yard return, the longest of his NFL career, against the Arizona Cardinals on a Monday Night Football game). Rossum finished sixth in the NFL and third in the NFC with a 26.8 average on kickoff returns and a 14.9 yard average on punt returns. Due to his strong performance, he was named a second alternate returner for the 2009 Pro Bowl.

paragraph: An unrestricted free agent in the 2009 offseason, Rossum was re-signed by the 49ers on February 27, 2009.

paragraph: He recorded his 300th career punt return in a game against the Seattle Seahawks, but was ultimately released on October 12, 2009 to make room on the roster for rookie Michael Crabtree.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: Rossum was signed by the Dallas Cowboys on October 13, 2009. The Cowboys had not used a return specialist in quite some time, and Rossum took over for Felix Jones and Patrick Crayton on kick and punt return duties, an area where the Cowboys had had trouble in the past.

paragraph: Rossum suffered an injury on his first play as a member of the Dallas Cowboys. In his absence, Patrick Crayton returned two punts for touchdowns. Rossum was waived on November 23.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Career statistics.

paragraph: Defensive Stats

paragraph: Return Stats

paragraph: Rushing and Receiving Stats

paragraph: Rossum's Highs

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tackles 8 Atl (9-13-98)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kick Returns 8 Ind (11-19-00)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kick Returns-Yds. 222 Wash (11-14-99)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Punt Returns 5 Phi (9-17-00)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Punt Returns-Yds. 68 T.B (11-14-01)

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:NFL records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most punt return yards in a playoff game: 152 (2004 vs St. Louis Rams)

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Eagles franchise records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most kickoff returns in a single season: 54 (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most kickoff return yards in a single season: 1,347 (1999)

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Falcons franchise records.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most Career Punt Return Yards (1,723)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most Career Kickoff Return Yards (5,489)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most career All-Purpose yards (7,212)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most career punt return touchdowns (2) (tied with Deion Sanders, Tim Dwight)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most career kickoff returns (250)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most career punt returns (154)

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Rossum and his wife, Angela, have four daughters: Trinity Amaia, Talia Alyse, and twins Alexa and Avian. He won the National Fatherhood Award in 2005. He established the Allen Rossum Healthy Kids Foundation and hosts an annual Allen Rossum Golf Tournament.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allen Rossum at Pro-Football Reference

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allen Rossum "Healthy Kids" Foundation

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Allen Rossum

wikipedia_title: Allen Rossum


href: France historian chronicler translator French%20language Italian%20language Latin Venice Morteau novice Order%20of%20Saint%20Benedict monastery Rome Bologna Netherlands Utrecht Luxeuil%20Abbey

text:
French
historian
chronicler
translator
French
Italian
Latin
Venice
Morteau
novice
benedictine
monastery
Rome
Bologna
Netherlands
Utrecht
Abbey of Luxeuil

wikipedia_title:
France
Historian
Chronicle
Translation
French language
Italian language
Latin
Venice
Morteau
Novice
Benedictines
Monastery
Rome
Bologna
Netherlands
Utrecht
Luxeuil Abbey

categories: French chroniclers,French historians,French translators,Year of birth uncertain,French male writers,French Benedictines

paragraph: Casimir Freschot

paragraph: Casimir Freschot (1640? – October 20, 1720) was a French historian, chronicler and translator.

paragraph: He was the author of about fifty works, both in French, Italian and Latin on various historical and contemporary subjects, the most notable being "Li pregi della Nobiltà Veneta abbozzati in un giuoco d'arme", published in Venice in 1682, "Origine, progressi e ruina del calvinismo nella Francia, ragguaglio istorico di D. Casimiro Freschot", published in 1693, and "Histoire du congrès et de la paix d'Utrecht - par C. Freschot", published in 1716.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Morteau around 1640, he became a novice in the benedictine Saint-Maur congregation, and was ordained on March 20, 1663 in the Saint-Vincent de Besançon monastery.

paragraph: In 1674 he moved to Italy, first in Rome, then in Bologna, finally joining the benedictine congregation in Montecassino. Around 1700 he returned to the lay state and moved to the Netherlands, in Utrecht, where he earned a living teaching literature and history. During his stay in the Netherlands, he published (1706-1707) the monthly "Entretiens sur les affaires du temps". Having returned to France, Freschot was reintegrated as a monk in the Saint-Vanne congregation in 1718. He died in 1720, in the Abbey of Luxeuil.

wikidata_label: Casimir Freschot

wikipedia_title: Casimir Freschot


text:
Modern Turkish
Ottoman
sanjak-bey
Sanjak of Bosnia
Sarajevo
urban area
Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque
medresa
Kuršumlija
Ottoman
Croatia
Serres, Greece
Bosnian Muslim
Turkish
Sultan
Bayezid II
Beyazid II
Knin
Skradin
Ostrovica
sanjak-bey
Sanjak of Bosnia
Sultan
Suleiman I
Udbina
Vrana
Požega
city
vakuf
Sarajevo
Christian
Battle of Mohács
Akıncı
cavalry
Turks
Bosniaks
Crimean Tatars
Akıncı
Turkish
Montenegro
Ottoman
Montenegrin
lord
Skender-beg Crnojević
Crnojević
Christian
Drobnjaci
Montenegro
Imam
archaic
Serbian
Sarajevo
tomb

categories: Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims,People of the Ottoman Empire of Bosnian descent,Ottoman Bosnian nobility,16th-century people of the Ottoman Empire,1541 deaths,Ottoman military personnel killed in action,Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina,1480 births

paragraph: Gazi Husrev-beg

paragraph: Gazi Husrev-beg (, "Gāzī Ḫusrev Beğ"; Modern Turkish: "Gazi Hüsrev Bey"; 1480–1541) was a Ottoman sanjak-bey (governor) of the Sanjak of Bosnia in 1521—1525, 1526—1534, and 1536—1541. He was known for his major contribution to the improvement of the structural development of Sarajevo urban area and his construction of many important buildings there, such as the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque or the medresa Kuršumlija, as well as for his successful conquests and for the launching of further Ottoman expansion into Croatia.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Origin.

paragraph: He was born in Serres, Greece, to a Bosnian Muslim father Ferhad and a Turkish mother Selçuka, who was the daughter of the Sultan Bayezid II, making Gazi Husrev-Beg Beyazid II's grandson.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Career.

paragraph: In less than three years, he conquered the fortresses of Knin, Skradin and Ostrovica. He was appointed sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Bosnia on 15 September 1521, becoming one of Sultan Suleiman I's most trusted men.

paragraph: A relentless campaign of conquest followed soon; the fortified towns of Greben, Sokol, Jezero, Vinac, Vrbaški Grad, Livač, Kamatin, Bočac, Udbina, Vrana, Modruč, and Požega fell at his hands.

paragraph: He founded, among the many buildings he ordered to construct in the city, the vakuf of Sarajevo, which was active until the 20th century.

paragraph: Gazi Husrev-beg played a crucial role to overcome the Christian army at the Battle of Mohács. His 10,000 Akıncıs and his irregular cavalry, composed of Turks, Bosniaks and Crimean Tatars, served as reserve soldiers in that battle. According to the Ottoman military strategy, the Akıncıs circled the European knights while the Turkish infantry made a counterfeit retreat after the first assault.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Death.

paragraph: Gazi Husrev-beg's forces struggled against a power vacuum in Montenegro after the death of Ottoman ally, islamized Montenegrin lord Skender-beg Crnojević in 1528. In 1541, during an uprising of Montenegro nobility, he set out to protect the Crnojevićs and the local populace. After fighting many battles to maintain order in the region, although finally victorious, he was killed while fighting Christian rebels in Mokro, a small village in Drobnjaci (present-day Montenegro). Legend states that he was a big man, so his warriors were unable to carry him, but instead of doing this, they took apart his intestines and buried them on a small hill called "Hodžina glavica" (Imam's Peak). The legend has it that this event gave Drobnjaci their name ("Drob" is an archaic Serbian word for intestines), although the name Drobnjaci is recorded earlier in history. However, its real connection to Gazi Husrev-beg's place of rest is unclear. His corpse was returned to Sarajevo, where it remains in a tomb in the courtyard of his mosque.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yugoslav Encyclopedia, article "Husrev Beg", vol. IV, Hazim Sabanovič, Zagreb 1960

paragraph: BULLET::::- GAMER, I, 1 (2012) s. 99-111, "The other Ottoman Serhat in Europe: Ottoman territorial expansion in Bosnia and Croatia in first half of 16th century", Dino Mujadžević

description: Bosnian noble

wikidata_label: Gazi Husrev-beg

wikipedia_title: Gazi Husrev-beg


text: Moscow

text: Art Nouveau

text: sculpture

text: erotic art

text: Mahilyow

text: Stroganov Institute

text: sculpture

text: satyr

text: Leo Tolstoy

text: Alexander Pushkin

text: Nikolay Gogol

text: Pushkin Museum

text: brothel

text: urban legend

text: Gesamtkunstwerk

text: Russian neoclassical revival

text: Moscow Conservatory

text: Victorian architecture

text: New Arbat Street

text: Vagankovo Cemetery

categories: Russian architects,1870s births,1916 deaths,20th century in Moscow,Art Nouveau architects

paragraph: Nikolay Zherikhov

paragraph: Nikolay Ivanovich Zherikhov (died October 5, 1916 in Moscow) was a Russian Art Nouveau architect, active in Moscow in 1902–1914. A prolific author of apartment buildings financed by Broido, Wilner and Zaichenko real estate firms, Zherikhov stood out among contemporary architects for his use of decorative sculpture. Zherikhov's buildings are adorned with rows of life-sized figurative sculptures, including one extant case of explicit erotic art at no. 4, Plotnikov Lane.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life, career.

paragraph: Nikolay Zherikhov was born in a poor peasant family in Mahilyow area; exact date of his birth (1870s) and his education (probably Stroganov Institute) remain unknown. In 1897–1900 Zherikhov worked as drawing and writing teacher in Moscow schools; his first architectural work was made in 1902 for the Broidos, a Jewish family of real estate developers. His two brothers graduated from Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture; they collaborated with Nikolay but did not leave a notable contribution of their own.

paragraph: Zherikhov himself never participated in public professional disputes; his name and works were neglected by the press. His road to success remains a mystery; Zherikhov, once an ordinary teacher, instantly became a fashionable architect and authored over 50 buildings in affluent districts of Moscow in twelve years of his short career. A prolific author of apartment buildings financed by Broido, Wilner and Zaichenko real estate firms, Zherikhov stood out among contemporary architects for his use of decorative sculpture.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Style, works.

paragraph: His use of sculpture has been linked to the legacy of Stroganov Institute school that focused on elaborate facade decorations. However, none of contemporary architects used sculpture so frequently and on such scale as Zherikhov. His best known work, a small 4-story apartment building on the corner of Plotnikov and Maly Mogiltsevsky Lane, completed in 1907, features a band of 40 life-sized figures arranged in groups of two or three in explicitly erotic settings. Three of the satyrs resemble Leo Tolstoy, Alexander Pushkin and Nikolay Gogol. The name of the sculptor has been lost; perhaps it was Leeb Sinayev, author of Pushkin Museum friezes, or one of his disciples. Tourist guides say that the building once housed a high-class brothel, but the statement is refuted by historians as an urban legend.

paragraph: Zherikhov, like contemporary Gesamtkunstwerk architects, practiced application of the exterior style to building interiors, including individual apartment units. Around 1910, following the trend of the time, he switched to Russian neoclassical revival; his best known example of the period is the Flyorov School, now a college of Moscow Conservatory, in Merzlyakovsky Lane. Here the sculpture follows the classical Roman canon. Like many Art Nouveau architects of his period he also practised earlier Victorian architecture, evident in his 1914 Solovyov Clinic on present-day New Arbat Street.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: The architect died in his forties, in 1916, and was buried at Vagankovo Cemetery.

description: Russian architect

wikidata_label: Nikolay Zherikhov

wikipedia_title: Nikolay Zherikhov


text: Yeniseysk

text: Rutherford, New Jersey

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: Zurich University

text: August Forel

text: Ira Van Gieson

text: St. Catherine Hospital, NY

text: Craig Colony for Epileptics

text: Sonyea

text: Ellis Island

text: New York Psychoanalytic Society

text: American Neurological Association

text: New York Neurological Society

text: spinal cord

text: Onuf's nucleus

categories: American anatomists,American neurologists,American people of Polish descent,1863 births,1929 deaths

paragraph: Bronislaw Onuf-Onufrowicz

paragraph: Bronislaw Onuf-Onufrowicz (July 4, 1863 in Yeniseysk – December 29, 1928 in Rutherford, New Jersey) was a Russian-born American neurologist of Polish descent.

paragraph: He was born in Yeniseysk, Russia, in 1863, as the son of the physician Adam Onufrowicz and Maria. He attended "" and later studied medicine at the Zurich University. He was a pupil of August Forel. Circa 1890 he emigrated to USA. He worked in Pathological Institute of NY State Hospitals under the directorship of Ira Van Gieson and later became lecturer in NY Polyclinic. From 1899, he worked in St. Catherine Hospital, NY. Later he practised in Craig Colony for Epileptics in Sonyea, NY. In the 1920s, he was a consulting neurologist at U.S. Marine Hospital 43, located on Ellis Island. He was a member and vice-president of New York Psychoanalytic Society, member of American Neurological Association (since 1895), secretary and vice-president of the New York Neurological Society.

paragraph: He is best known for his discovery of group of neurons in spinal cord, Onuf's nucleus.

description: American anatomist

wikidata_label: Bronislaw Onuf-Onufrowicz

wikipedia_title: Bronislaw Onuf-Onufrowicz


text:
American football
offensive tackle
Washington Redskins
National Football League
college football
Oklahoma
All-American
2010 NFL Draft
Pro Bowl
Longview, Texas
Longview High School
high school football
Malcolm Kelly
Chris Ivory
Robert Henson
UIL
Nick Florence
South Garland
Rivals.com
Louisiana State
Oklahoma State
Texas A&M
University of Oklahoma
Bob Stoops
Oklahoma Sooners football
true freshman
Branndon Braxton
The Sporting News
Branndon Braxton
2008 Sooners
Duke Robinson
Phil Loadholt
Sam Bradford
DeMarco Murray
Rivals.com
Outland Trophy
American Football Coaches Association
2010 NFL Draft
Jammal Brown
NFL.com
drafted
Washington Redskins
2010 season
Dallas Cowboys
2011 season
offensive co-captain
Santana Moss
Fred Davis
Buffalo Bills
New Orleans Saints
Cincinnati Bengals
MRI
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2012
2013 Pro Bowl
Seattle Seahawks
Richard Sherman
2013 season
2014 Pro Bowl
NFL Network
Top 100 Players of 2014
Pro Bowl
NFL Top 100 Players of 2015
NFL Top 100 Players of 2016
NFL Top 100 Players of 2017
NFL Top 100 Players of 2018
running back
Adrian Peterson
Houston
gorilla
Roger Goodell
Oklahoma Sooners bio
Washington Redskins bio

categories: Oklahoma Sooners football players,Unconferenced Pro Bowl players,American football offensive tackles,1988 births,People from Longview, Texas,National Conference Pro Bowl players,Players of American football from Texas,Longview High School alumni,Living people,All-American college football players

paragraph: Trent Williams

paragraph: Trent Williams (born July 19, 1988) is an American football offensive tackle for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma, and was recognized as an All-American. He was drafted by the Redskins fourth overall in the first round of the 2010 NFL Draft, and has been considered as one of the best tackles in the league, making seven straight Pro Bowl appearances.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Born and raised in Longview, Texas, Williams attended Longview High School, where he played for the Longview Lobos high school football team and was teammates with Malcolm Kelly, Chris Ivory, and Robert Henson. Williams was a unanimous first-team all-district selection as a senior. Longview entered the 2005 UIL playoffs on a 10–0 season record, but lost 14–13 to Nick Florence's South Garland. He was also on the track team as a shot putter.

paragraph: Considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Williams was listed as the No. 28 offensive guard prospect in the nation. He chose Oklahoma over offers from Louisiana State, Oklahoma State, and Texas A&M.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Williams attended the University of Oklahoma, and played for coach Bob Stoops's Oklahoma Sooners football team from 2006 to 2009. Playing as a true freshman, Williams became the starter at right tackle just before the Missouri game in late October 2006 after Branndon Braxton went down with a broken leg, then started the last six games of the season. Williams played 462 snaps, had 75 knockdowns, and was named to "The Sporting News"' Freshman All-America second team.

paragraph: In his sophomore year, Williams saw action in all 14 games and had six starts at right tackle, sharing time with Branndon Braxton. As a junior in 2008, he started all 14 games, the first at left tackle and the remaining 13 at right tackle, and registered 131 knockdowns. He was part of a dominant 2008 Sooners offensive line that included Duke Robinson, Phil Loadholt, and allowed only 11 sacks all season, the third-lowest total of any team in the country. The two teams that finished above them (Air Force and Navy) combined to attempt 231 passes. Oklahoma attempted 476, and—featuring quarterback Sam Bradford and running back DeMarco Murray—became the highest-scoring team in the modern era (702 points).

paragraph: As the lone holdover from the 2008 offensive line, Williams was listed at No. 2 on "Rivals.com′s" 2009 preseason offensive tackle power ranking. He was also named to the 2009 Outland Trophy watch list. Despite missing the regular season finale due to injury, Williams led Oklahoma with 102 knockdown blocks and 885 plays, and was named an All-American by the American Football Coaches Association.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Williams was considered one of the best offensive tackles available in the 2010 NFL Draft, and drew comparisons to Jammal Brown (who, coincidentally, would also join the Redskins that same offseason via trade). According to NFL.com's Gil Brandt, "Williams will be a first-round pick and can be a long-time starter in the NFL".

paragraph: Williams was drafted fourth overall by the Washington Redskins and agreed to a six-year, $60 million contract on July 30, 2010.

paragraph: In the 2010 season, Williams made his NFL debut, as well as his first career start, in Week 1 against the Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: In the 2011 season, Williams was made an offensive co-captain along with veteran teammate Santana Moss.

paragraph: In Week 14, Williams and teammate Fred Davis were suspended for four games after repeatedly failing league drug tests.

paragraph: Williams suffered a bone bruise in his left foot during the first 2012 preseason game against the Buffalo Bills. Despite this injury, he started in the next two preseason games and was fully healed by the season opener against the New Orleans Saints. By the start of the season, his teammates voted for him again to be the offensive team captain. He suffered a right knee injury early in the Redskins' Week 3 game against the Cincinnati Bengals. After getting an MRI exam the next day, it was reported that Williams had another bone bruise. He was able to play in the next game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Despite playing injured throughout the season, Williams had his best performance in 2012 and was selected for the 2013 Pro Bowl but couldn't participate in the Pro Bowl due to an injury when a night club fight occurred. After the Redskins' wild card playoff loss against the Seattle Seahawks on January 6, 2013, Williams struck Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman in the face. He was fined $7,875 for the incident.

paragraph: After the Week 11 game of the 2013 season, Williams accused umpire Roy Ellison of swearing at him during the game with his accusation supported by several of his teammates. Ellison was in turn suspended by the NFL for one game. Despite the Redskins having a bad year as a team, Williams was chosen as the team's only player on the 2014 Pro Bowl team.

paragraph: On the NFL Network's Top 100 Players of 2014, Williams was voted the 60th best player (overall) in the league by his peers, an improvement from the 99th spot in 2013. He was voted into his third consecutive Pro Bowl on December 23, 2014. During the 2015 offseason, Williams lost nearly 30 pounds, going from a playing weight of roughly 345, to 318. On August 29, 2015, he agreed to a five-year, $66 million contract extension with $43.25 million guaranteed. Williams was ranked 47th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015.

paragraph: Williams was ranked 45th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. On November 1, 2016, Williams was suspended four games for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy. Despite missing the games, Williams was named to his fifth straight Pro Bowl, was first-team All-Pro for the first time, and was ranked 47th by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. Williams started 10 games in 2017 while dealing with a knee injury for most of the season. He was eventually placed on injured reserve on December 22, 2017. Despite the injury, Williams was named to his sixth straight Pro Bowl, as well as his sixth straight ranking on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018 at No. 57.

paragraph: In April 2019, it was reported that Williams had a surgical procedure done to remove a growth from his head. In June 2019, he did not report to the team's mandatory mini camp. Initial reports came out stating Williams was holding out due to wanting a new contract with the team, while other reports came out stating that he has demanded a trade or release from the Redskins potentially over how the team's medical staff handled the situation regarding the growth he had surgically removed. On July 27, 2019, the Redskins placed Williams on the Reserve/Did Not Report List after the start of training camp.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Williams has been friends with running back Adrian Peterson since they were in high school. The two were teammates at the University of Oklahoma. Williams and Peterson also co-own a gym in Houston.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.:Nickname.

paragraph: Williams' nickname is "Silverback", named after the male gorilla. Williams has a huge gorilla tattoo on his back and owns gorilla art and an expensive bejeweled gorilla keychain. At the 2010 NFL Draft, he was introduced by league commissioner Roger Goodell with the moniker, after Williams dared Goodell to do it.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oklahoma Sooners bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Washington Redskins bio

description: American football offensive tackle

wikidata_label: Trent Williams

wikipedia_title: Trent Williams


text:
jockey
American Quarter Horse
American Quarter Horse Association
Osage
Oklahoma
rodeo
Blue Ribbon Downs
Eureka Downs
Sallisaw, Oklahoma
Los Alamitos Race Course
California
Oklahoma
All American Futurity
Remington Park
Oklahoma City
Sunland Park
Sunland, New Mexico
Brad Henry
American Paint Horse
Appaloosa
Jockey's Guild
Oklahoma City
Oklahoma
team roper
rodeo
2008 Champions Named
Los Alamitos Jockey Profile
AQHA Racing Leaders
2007 AQHA Champion Jockey
AQHA Racing
Los Alamitos Race Course
Remington Park
Jockeys Guild

categories: People from Pawhuska, Oklahoma,Sportspeople from Oklahoma,1968 births,American jockeys,Living people

paragraph: G. R. Carter

paragraph: George Robert "G. R." Carter, Jr. (born February 6, 1968) is a retired professional American Quarter Horse jockey. On June 1, 2008, he became the all-time leading money-earning jockey in American Quarter Horse racing history surpassing the previous record of $41,405,207 in mount earnings. He continued to add to the record and retired with $75,317,283 in mount earnings. On July 6, 2013, Carter became the jockey with the most mounts in AQHA racing history after he piloted his 22,294th horse. Carter finished his career with 24,654 mounts on American Quarter Horses. On May 23, 2014, Carter became the all-time leader in wins aboard American Quarter Horses when he won his 3,632nd race passing Alvin "Bubba" Brossette. His final tally was 3,906 wins.

paragraph: Carter has been named the American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) World Champion Jockey ten times in his career including six years consecutively from 2003-2008. No other jockey has won more than five titles.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Carter has Osage heritage and grew up in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. As a teenager, he was a competitive gymnast and won the state championship. During his Senior year at Pawhuska High School, Carter won the Class A State Wrestling Championship at 108 pounds. Growing up, Carter was involved in ranching and rodeos, which helped develop his love of horses. At age 14, he began galloping race horses for a local trainer to help fund his rodeo participation. Throughout his Senior year in high school, he would occasionally ride races on the weekends at Blue Ribbon Downs and Eureka Downs.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: After graduating from high school in 1986, Carter moved to Sallisaw, Oklahoma to become a full-time jockey at Blue Ribbon Downs. He continued to ride primarily in the central part of the United States until the early 1990s when he moved his tack to Los Alamitos Race Course in Southern California. After a couple of successful years in California, Carter moved his home base back to Oklahoma.

paragraph: Carter won the All American Futurity twice, in 1998 aboard Falling In Loveagain and again in 2008 aboard Stolis Winner. In 2008, Carter set a new AQHA single-season earnings record by reaching the $5,027,173 mark in mount earnings. This eclipsed the previous record of $4.5 million which he had also set. Also in 2008, Carter broke his own single-meet record for wins at Remington Park in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma with a total of 98. Also in 2008, he rode Fast Prize Zoom to a World Record for 300 yards with a final time of 14.87 seconds at Sunland Park in Sunland, New Mexico. May 31, 2009 was declared by Governor Brad Henry as G. R. Carter Day in Oklahoma.

paragraph: Carter holds the record for most wins for three different breeds of horses. He leads the all-time standing for American Quarter Horses, American Paint Horses, and Appaloosas. He has been named American Paint Horse Association (APHA) World Champion Jockey ten times in his career. He is the Paint Racing all-time leader in wins as well as mount earnings. He was the jockey for the record-setting paint horse Got Country Grip, who tied a North American racing record for any breed in 2008 by winning 16 consecutive races.

paragraph: Carter was known throughout the racing world for his "back-flip" dismounts. After winning a stakes race, he often used his gymnastics background to celebrate by performing a back-flip off of the horse from the saddle. He also has served as the Vice Chairman on the Board of Directors of the Jockey's Guild.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Carter's wife is Shaena, and they reside in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. His father-in-law, Jerry Burgess, also won the All American Futurity as a jockey in 1975 aboard Bugs Alive In 75. In his spare time, Carter is an avid team roper. He will occasionally enter professional rodeos, and won the Pro-Am at the 2007 World Series of Team Roping.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The American Quarter Horse Racing Journal Annual Review, March 2008

paragraph: 2008 Champions Named

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Alamitos Jockey Profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- AQHA Racing Leaders

paragraph: 2007 AQHA Champion Jockey

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- AQHA Racing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los Alamitos Race Course

paragraph: BULLET::::- Remington Park

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jockeys Guild

description: American jockey

wikidata_label: G. R. Carter

wikipedia_title: G. R. Carter


text: Saint

text: T.O.S.F.

text: Franciscan tertiary

text: mystic

text: revelations

text: enclosed religious order

text: saint

text: Foligno

text: Umbria

text: St. Francis

text: Third Order of St. Francis

text: Franciscan

text: friar

text: confessor

text: Umbria

text: Cardinal

text: James of Colonna

text: enclosure

text: summit of perfection

text: Bollandus

text: Maximilian van der Sandt

text: Society of Jesus

text: Pope Clement XI

text: beatification

text: Pope Francis

text: canonization

text: feast day

text: religious institute

text: religious

text: Saint of the Day, January 4

categories: Women of medieval Italy,14th-century Christian mystics,Franciscan saints,Italian Roman Catholic saints,Founders of Catholic religious communities,People from Foligno,13th-century Christian mystics,1248 births,1309 deaths,Canonizations by Pope Francis,13th-century Christian saints,Members of the Third Order of Saint Francis,Burials in Umbria,Franciscan mystics

paragraph: Angela of Foligno

paragraph: Saint Angela of Foligno, T.O.S.F. (1248 – 4 January 1309) was an Italian Franciscan tertiary who became known as a mystic from her extensive writings about her mystical revelations. Due to the respect those writings engendered in the Catholic Church she became known as "Mistress of Theologians".

paragraph: Angela was noted not only for her spiritual writings, but also for founding a religious community which refused to become an enclosed religious order so that it might continue her vision of caring for those in need. It is still active.

paragraph: The Catholic Church declared Angela to be a saint in 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and conversion.

paragraph: Angela's birth date, which is not known with certainty, is often listed as 1248. She was born into a wealthy family at Foligno, in Umbria. Married, perhaps at an early age, she had several children. Angela reports that she loved the world and its pleasures. Around the age of 40, she reportedly had a vision of St. Francis and recognized the emptiness of her life. From that time, she began to lead a life devoted to higher perfection.

paragraph: Three years later, Angela's mother died, followed, a few months later, by her husband and children. With one serving woman, Masazuola, as her companion, she began to divest herself of her possessions and to live as a penitent. Angela joined the Third Order of St. Francis, probably in 1291. She placed herself under the direction of a Franciscan friar named Arnoldo, who would serve as her confessor.

paragraph: Section::::Works and later life.

paragraph: Considered a "great medieval mystic," Angela is said to have received mystical revelations, which she dictated to a scribe in the late 13th century. These accounts are contained in a compilation of two works, usually published under the title "Il Libro della Beata Angela da Foligno".

paragraph: Angela recorded the history of her conversion in her "Book of Visions and Instructions". She dictated, in her Umbrian dialect, an account of her spiritual progress, known as the "Memoriale", which was transcribed in Latin by a man known as "Brother A." This work was probably begun in 1292. The "Memorial" is the first part of two sections of Angela of Foligno's "Liber". The second text is known as "Instructions" and is composed of thirty-six instructional texts, a note about her death, and an epilogue. These texts appear in different orders in different manuscripts, and there is not known to be one correct order.

paragraph: Brother A. remained with her until 1296 while she completed the higher and more difficult final ten stages, but since it proved impossible for him to understand these fully, he condensed them into seven ‘supplementary stages’ whose description takes up the larger portion of the "Memorial". The text was finished by 1298, and submitted to Cardinal James of Colonna and eight Friars Minor, who gave it their approval. It seems that Brother A. revised it shortly after, in 1299-1300.

paragraph: Between around 1296 and her death in early 1309, the fame of Angela's sanctity gathered around her a number of other tertiaries, both men and women, who strove under her direction to advance in holiness. Later she established at Foligno a community of other women tertiaries, who added to the Rule of the Third Order a commitment to a common life without, however, binding themselves to enclosure, so that they might devote their lives to works of charity.

paragraph: The final version of the "Book" appends a series of 36 "Instructions" to the "Memorial". These reflect Angela’s teaching during this period. These teachings are rather more conventional in tone and have differences in vocabulary and emphasis from the "Memorial" – which may reflect redaction by several hands. Nevertheless, the Instructions seem to reflect Angela’s teaching, albeit at some remove.

paragraph: "No one can be saved without divine light. Divine light causes us to begin and to make progress, and it leads us to the summit of perfection. Therefore if you want to begin and to receive this divine light, pray. If you have begun to make progress, pray. And if you have reached the summit of perfection, and want to be super-illumined so as to remain in that state, pray. If you want faith, pray. If you want hope, pray. If you want charity, pray. If you want poverty, pray. If you want obedience, pray. If you want chastity, pray. If you want humility, pray. If you want meekness, pray. If you want fortitude, pray. If you want any virtue, pray." (( from Voices of the Saints, Bert Ghezzi ))

paragraph: "And pray in this fashion: always reading the Book of Life, that is, the life of the God-man, Jesus Christ, whose life consisted of poverty, pain, contempt and true obedience." (from Voices of the Saints, Bert Ghezzi)

paragraph: At Christmas 1308, Angela told her companions she would die shortly. A few days later, she had a vision of Christ appearing to her and promising to come personally to take her to heaven. She died in her sleep on 3 January 1309.

paragraph: Angela died surrounded by her community of disciples. Her remains repose in the Church of St. Francis at Foligno. Many people attributed miracles to her, which were accomplished at her tomb.

paragraph: Angela's authority as a spiritual teacher may be gathered from the fact that Bollandus, among other testimonials, quotes Maximilian van der Sandt, of the Society of Jesus, as calling her the "'Mistress of Theologians', whose whole doctrine has been drawn out of the Book of Life, Jesus Christ, Our Lord".

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: Pope Clement XI approved the veneration paid to her over the centuries in his beatification of her on 11 July 1701 and Pope Francis extended the veneration to all the Church on 9 October 2013, declaring her a saint by the procedure of equivocal canonization, recognizing the validity of the long-standing veneration of her.

paragraph: Her feast day is celebrated by the Third Order of Saint Francis, both Secular and Regular, on 4 January (7 January in the United States). Although the community she founded was not recognized as a religious institute until the 20th-century, she is honored as a religious.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Book of Blessed Angela" consists of the "Memoriale" and the subsequent "Instructiones":

paragraph: BULLET::::- A critical edition is Ludger Thier and Abele Calufetti, eds, "Il libro della Beata Angela da Foligno", (Rome: Editiones Collegii S. Bonaventurae, 1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angela of Foligno, "Complete works", translated, with an introduction by Paul Lachance; preface by Romana Guarnieri, (New York: Paulist Press, 1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angela of Foligno, "Memorial", translated by John Cirignano, (Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angela da Foligno, "Memoriale", ed. Enrico Menestò, Florence (SISMEL/Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2013). .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angela of Foligno, "Libro de la experiencia", translated into the Spanish following the text of the Assisi codex by Pablo García Acosta, Madrid, Eds. Siruela, 2014. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Il Libro della beata Angela da Foligno, 1985 . - Le Livre des visions et instructions de la bienheureuse de Foligno / [written in Latin by Arnaud de Foligno], 1991 GDEL . - Brockhaus. 17. Aufl.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pope Benedict XVI's General Audience remarks re Angela of Foligno

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint of the Day, January 4 at St. Patrick Catholic Church

description: Italian saint

enwikiquote_title: Angela of Foligno

wikidata_label: Angela of Foligno

wikipedia_title: Angela of Foligno


text:
British
Conservative Party
Sir John Barlow, 1st Baronet
Hon. Anna Maria (née Denman)
Leighton Park School
Reading
Liberal
Northwich
1929
National Liberal Party
Eddisbury
1945
Walsall
the 1950 election
1951 general election
Member of Parliament
Middleton and Prestwich
Ernest Everard Gates
1955 election
1959 election
1964 election
1966 general election
Labour
Denis Coe
George Kemp, 1st Baron Rochdale

categories: 1898 births,UK MPs 1951–1955,UK MPs 1959–1964,UK MPs 1945–1950,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates,People educated at Leighton Park School,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,1986 deaths,UK MPs 1964–1966,UK MPs 1955–1959

paragraph: Sir John Barlow, 2nd Baronet

paragraph: Sir John Denman Barlow, 2nd Baronet (15 June 1898 – 5 January 1986) was a British Conservative Party politician,and before that was a British Liberal Party member.

paragraph: Barlow was the son of Sir John Barlow, 1st Baronet, and his wife the Hon. Anna Maria (née Denman). Educated at Leighton Park School in Reading, he initially worked in his father's hugely successful Far Eastern Trading business before standing as a Liberal candidate for Northwich in 1929, moving to the National Liberal Party and being elected for Eddisbury in 1945.

paragraph: After unsuccessfully contesting Walsall in the 1950 election, Barlow was elected at the 1951 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Middleton and Prestwich, succeeding the Conservative Ernest Everard Gates. He held his seat at the 1955 election, the 1959 election and the 1964 election. but at the 1966 general election, he was defeated by Labour's Denis Coe.

paragraph: Barlow married the Hon. Helen Diana, daughter of George Kemp, 1st Baron Rochdale, in 1928. They had three sons and one daughter. He died in January 1986, aged 87, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son John. Lady Barlow died the same year.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Sir John Barlow, 2nd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir John Barlow, 2nd Baronet


text:
Italian
ceramicist
Castel Durante
Marche
maiolica
Romances
Metamorphoses
Bernard Rackham
Raphael
Marcantonio Raimondi
Raphael
Michelangelo's David
Museo Correr
Hypnerotomachia Poliphilii
Francesco Xanto Avelli
Brief biography (in Spanish)

categories: Italian potters,1540s deaths,1480s births,Maiolica painters

paragraph: Nicola da Urbino

paragraph: Nicola da Urbino (ca. 1480 – 1540/1547) formerly confused with Nicola Pellipario has traditionally been designated as the Italian ceramicist from Castel Durante in Marche who introduced into painted maiolica the new "istoriato" style, in which the whole surface of a plate or charger is devoted to a single representational scene. Nicola's scenes were often derived by freely adapting woodcuts from Romances or the Latin classics, such as the illustrated Ovid's "Metamorphoses" printed at Venice, 1497, to which he returned so often that it appears that a copy of it must have lain in his shop; however, he did not merely copy: "the often crude outlines of the black-and-white figures are converted by him into embodiments of supple vitality," Bernard Rackham observed. Later he gave up book illustrations in favour of compositions of Raphael, mediated through the engravings of Marcantonio Raimondi, and, in at least one case, by direct access to a drawing by Raphael of Michelangelo's David, seen from the rear. Nicola often introduced prominently pieces of schematic and severely frontal architecture in the Renaissance manner. His plate of "Solomon Adoring an Idol" in the Museo Correr adapts an illustration from "Hypnerotomachia Poliphilii."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Francesco Xanto Avelli, another "istoriato" maiolica painter.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Negroni, Franco, "Nicolò Pellipario, ceramista fantasma" "Notizie da Palazzo Albani" 14 1985 pp 13–20.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brief biography (in Spanish)

alias:
Niccolò Pellipario
Nicola di Gabriele Sbraga
Nicola de Urbino
Nicolò da Urbino
Nicola di Gabriele Sbraghe
Sbraga di Gabriele
Nicolò Pellipario
Nicola di Gabriele Sbraghe da Urbino
Niccolo Pellipario
Nicolo da Urbino
Nicolo Pellipario

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Nicola da Urbino

wikipedia_title: Nicola da Urbino


text: Wisconsin

text: hanging

text: drowned

text: cistern

text: Kenosha

text: Kenosha County, Wisconsin

text: first degree murder

text: Nelson Dewey

text: strangled

text: Wisconsin Governor

text: Leonard J. Farwell

text: life imprisonment

text: Capital punishment in Wisconsin

text: "The case of John McCaffary".

categories: American people convicted of murder,1850 crimes,1851 deaths,Irish people convicted of murder,People convicted of murder by Wisconsin,1820 births,19th-century executions by the United States,19th-century Irish people,People from Kenosha, Wisconsin,Irish people executed abroad,People executed for murder,Executed Irish people,19th-century executions of American people,People executed by Wisconsin by hanging

paragraph: John McCaffary

paragraph: John McCaffary (1820 – August 21, 1851) was the only person ever to be executed by the State of Wisconsin. He was executed by hanging for the murder of his wife.

paragraph: On July 23, 1850, Bridgett McCaffary (née McKean) was drowned in a backyard cistern in Kenosha, a newly incorporated town in Kenosha County, Wisconsin. John McCaffary, an immigrant farmer from Ireland, was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of his wife. His trial began on May 6, 1851, and on May 23, 1851 the jury convicted him of willful murder. The judge sentenced him to death by hanging and the death warrant was signed by Governor Nelson Dewey.

paragraph: McCaffary was hanged from a tree on August 21, 1851 before a crowd of 2,000 to 3,000 people in front of the Kenosha courthouse and jail. The hanging was initially unsuccessful, and McCaffary remained alive and struggled on the end of the rope for approximately 20 minutes as he was slowly strangled. McCaffary was buried in the Green Ridge Cemetery in Kenosha. He was the first person executed by Wisconsin after it became a state of the United States in 1848.

paragraph: The spectacle of McCaffary's slow death in front of thousands led reformers in Wisconsin to press for abolition of the death penalty. On July 12, 1853, Wisconsin Governor Leonard J. Farwell signed a law that abolished the death penalty in Wisconsin and replaced it with a penalty of life imprisonment. The law is still in effect and no one has been executed by Wisconsin since McCaffary's death.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Capital punishment in Wisconsin

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of most recent executions by jurisdiction

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cropley, Carrie. "The case of John McCaffary". "Wisconsin Magazine of History". vol. 35, no. 4 (1951–1952) pp. 281–288

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hintz, Martin. (2007). "Got Murder?: Shocking True Stories of Wisconsins Notorious Killers". Neenah, Wis.: Big Earth Publishing, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pendleton, Alexander T. and Blaine R. Renfert. "A Brief History of Wisconsin's Death Penalty," "Wisconsin Lawyer". August 1993

description: American murderer

wikidata_label: John McCaffary

wikipedia_title: John McCaffary


text:
La Pléiade
Burgundy
Montcenis
Charolles
château
Genouilly
Le Puley
Pontus de Tyard
Pléiade
Dijon
Bishop of Chalon-sur-Saone
Henry III of France
Catholic League
university of Valence
Dauphiné
Cluny
Montcenis
Vichy
Michel de Nostredame
Salon-de-Provence
King of France
Paris
King
Cardinal de Guise
Spain
Burgundian
Habsburg
Belgium
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Europe
Mary of Burgundy
Philip II of Spain
Brussels
Antwerp
Cartographer
Charolles
Cluny Abbey
Church
Huguenot
St. Peter
Rome
Western Christendom
Protestants
French Revolution
Chalon-sur-Saône
Valet de chambre
Henry II
Latin
Rouen
Pléiade
French language
vernacular
Old French
Greek
François Rabelais
Pierre de Ronsard
Bishop of Arras
Becq de Fouquières, Louis
Chalmers, Alexander
Grimal, Pierre
La Croix du Maine
Antoine du Verdier
Michaud, Joseph François
"Autelz (Guillaume des)"
Nouvelle biographie universelle
Ferdinand Hoefer

categories: 16th-century French writers,French poets,16th-century male writers,1529 births,1580s deaths,People from Saône-et-Loire

paragraph: Guillaume Desautels

paragraph: Guillaume Desautels (desAutels, desAutelz) was a French poet of the sixteenth century associated with La Pléiade.

paragraph: He was born in 1529 in Burgundy. The exact place of birth is not formally known. Some sources gives Montcenis, Charolles, Vernoble in a château (now disappeared) of his father near Genouilly and Le Puley in "Les Hôtels" House, the second château of his family. He was the son of Syacre Desautels and Anne de la Vesure (de la Visine). He died about 1599 in Lyon. Various sources give the years 1570, 1576, 1579 and 1581 as well as "after 1584". One source says he lived to be 70 years of age; his last published work was in 1597.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was married in 1548 to Jeanne de Bruyere. Other researchers give the name of Jane de Salle. It is not known if there were any children from this marriage or if, in fact, there were two distinct marriages.

paragraph: His maternal grandmother, also named Anne, was the sister of Etienne de Tyard, father of Pontus de Tyard, one of the seven members of the group of French poets called the Pléiade. Guillaume's mother, Anne de la Vesure would thus have been the first cousin of Etienne.

paragraph: The family was apparently prominent in Burgundy; they married into the Tyard family, who were not commoners. Also, another Anne de la Vesure (about three generations later) is recorded as the Abbess (Mother Superior) of an Ursuline convent in the then capital city of Burgundy, Dijon.

paragraph: Pontus (1521–1605) Seigneur de Bissy (Biffy) became the Bishop of Chalon-sur-Saone in 1578 from where he was driven in 1590 and his chateau there plundered as a result of his support for Henry III of France against the Guise brothers who headed the Catholic League.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: As a youth, Guillaume studied under his governor, Jean Tullerius and at the college of Burgundy where he studied the humanities and philosophy until 1542. At the age of 15 he went to Lyon from 1544 to 1546 where he studied with Fontaine and Ancais at the school of Marat. He studied law at the university of Valence in Dauphiné from 1546 until 1549 under Coras. He never practiced the legal profession although he would have had need for it as Judge Magistrate at Cluny in later years. While in Valence he made the acquaintance of Cardinal Berthelemy Des Places, Melin de St. Gelais and his own cousin, the aforementioned Pontus de Tyard (although he probably already had met him in Burgundy) among others. It was during this period he was married to Jeanne de Bruyere whom he left at Montcenis to stay with his father. Guillaume did not leave her as it would seem a new bride in a strange house. The town of Bruyere is about 5 miles west of Vichy and only about 50 miles from Montcenis. It is more than likely that she had many friends and family in the area while Guillaume was away studying.

paragraph: Apparently lonely in Valence and only 20 years of age, he met a woman named Denise L'hoste and her husband Jean Chabert of the nearby town of Romans, also in Dauphine. He took up residence with them in October 1549 and lived there for seven months during which time he and Denise developed a platonic love affair. She referred to him as "Sainte". It would have been during this period that he probably met Michel de Nostredame, forever known to the world as Nostradamus. In 1547 Nostradamus lived at Salon-de-Provence which is less than a hundred miles from Guillaumes' school at Valence. Nostradamus was quite familiar with Guillaumes' friend and fellow poet, Ronsard and was extremely well known and celebrated in Lyon for his successful efforts to combat the plague in that same year.

paragraph: Guillaume then returned to Montcenis (which he referred to sarcastically as an "arid desert") in 1550 where he joined his wife and stayed until 1553. It was during this time that his father died and apparently left him little but his good name. The chateau and lands he inherited at Montcenis were "rather noble than rich". It cannot be left unsaid that it was surely in fief to the Barony of Montcenis since, in 1510 a man named Loys d'Orleans (whose titles included Prince, Viscount, Marquis and Baron) also carried the title of "Seigneur de la Baronnaie de Montcenis". The poverty of the estate was probably due to the loss of these lands by the now defunct Dukedom of Burgundy to the King of France in 1477, only about 75 years before Syacre's death. While maintaining the name now considered a family name of DesAutels it would seem that the loss of political and military value and connection to Burgundian Charolles and Montcenis had deprived the estate of its source of wealth and prestige.

paragraph: He moved to Paris in 1553 hoping to secure an appointment with the King. While there he befriended Cardinal de Guise who was probably the source (directly or indirectly) of his well-being during these six years in Paris which he left in April, 1559. He went to Spain in the hope of gaining the favor of the Burgundian-Habsburg rulers there. For whatever reason he immediately sailed for Belgium which was also ruled by the same Burgundian-Habsburg house.

paragraph: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of much of Europe until his abdication in 1555 was the grandson of Mary of Burgundy who was sole heir to that house when her father was killed in battle in 1477 and France absorbed the province of Burgundy into the French realm. She married a Habsburg (probably to save her remaining power if not her life), thus uniting forever the houses of Burgundy and Habsburg. When Charles V abdicated his son Philip II of Spain became King and it was to him at Brussels that Guillaume set his gaze. He was there a mere two months when he left Brussels for Antwerp (Anvers, fr.) but was there only a few weeks. He was named Cartographer to the King for this short time and was probably so short a time because Philip II, unhappy at Brussels left permanently for residence in Spain. Guillaume was aided at Brussels by two "beau-freres" brothers-in-law named Diamantius. Since that is not his wife's maiden name, it would appear that he had siblings — at least sisters — unless these two men possibly were husbands to sisters of Guillaume's wife. It is most interesting to ponder why he would have these two close relatives in a locale more than two hundred miles from his native land in Charolles.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Paris.

paragraph: Guillaume returned to Paris shortly after July 1559 where he stayed until 1564. Sometime after that he was at Cluny Abbey where he was appointed Judge Magistrate and is credited with saving the city and the Abbey for the Church when it was under siege by the Huguenot armies. Guillaume proposed that each side send out three knights to do battle. The Catholic knights won the field and thus saved Cluny, which had been (until St. Peter's in Rome just recently built) the greatest church in Western Christendom from the hands of the Protestants — only to be destroyed 200 years later by the republican mobs of the French Revolution.

paragraph: The appointment of Guillaume to his post at Cluny was undoubtedly with the backing of the Guise brothers to whom his cousin Pontus de Tyard also surely owed his appointment as bishop to Chalon-sur-Saône. With Guillaume, the Catholic forces prevailed at Cluny. With Pontus at Chalon, not only did the Huguenot forces fail but he ended up losing his chateau and bishopric. For Guillaume, it did not hurt that the Desautels name was not unknown in the royal palace at Paris. A Pierre Desautels who had been a military commander in Burgundy had been made Valet de chambre (squire or gentlemans' gentleman) to King Francis I (ruled 1515–1547) in 1531. Francis' son Henry II (ruled 1547–1559) would have known him as well (Henry was born in 1519).

paragraph: Section::::Writer.

paragraph: Guillaume wrote on occasion under the pseudonyms of Glaumalis du Vezelet, G. Tesbault and Terhault. He also used a Latin form of his name ("Altario") and a geographical form: "Terhault" translates to "high ground" or perhaps even tableland. He published works mostly in Lyon but also in Paris, Antwerp and Rouen.

paragraph: While not a member of the Pléiade, he was known as a major influence on the literary life of his time, if not as a major poet. Guillaume would have known most if not all of those poets, and supported for them in their use of the French language in their poetry. While he too wrote in vernacular French (rather than Latin), he is known for championing the use of Old French in prose and poetry and was against replacing it with a more "manufactured" orthography. He was renowned for his mastery of Latin and Greek. He wrote in the manner of François Rabelais and Pierre de Ronsard — other members of what we call today "La Pléiade". Ronsard (as well as another poet, Charles Fontaine), was undoubtedly his friend and wrote fondly of Guillaume. It is from his work that a reference to Guillaume says that he is "from Vernoble" a reference since confirmed.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: The following list contains works not published by him, and/or not containing only his works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Traite Touchant L'Ancienne Ecriture de la Langue Francaise et de la Poesie, Contre L'Ortographie des Meygretistes". Lyon, 1548, 1550 Glaumalis de Vezelet

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Mois de Mai, par Guillaume Des Autels, Charrolais". Lyon, 1550

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Repos de Grand Travail". Lyon, 1550

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Replique de Guillaume Des Autelz, aux Furieuses Defenses de Louis Meigret. Avec le Suite de Repos". Lyon, 1551

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amoureux Repos de Guillaume des Autelz, Gentilhomme Charrolais". Lyon, 1553 (contains some poetry under the penname G. Tesbault)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Recreation des Tristes". Lyon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire D'Herodiade". 1554

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Paix Venue du Ciel" (dedicated to the Bishop of Arras) with le Tombeau de L'Empereur Charles V Cesar, etc. Antwerp, 1559

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Encomium Galliae Belgicae". Guillaume Altario Carolate Antwerp, 1559

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Remonstrance au People Francoys' - etc. Paris, 1559

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Repos de Plus Grand Travail" of 1550 was reprinted in 1560 at Lyon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Deliciae Poetarum Gallorum Hujus Superiorieque Avi Illustrum", 1560 (not entirely his works)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harengue au Peuple Francois - etc. Paris, 1560

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Premiere Livre de Vers de Marc-Claude de Busset". 1561

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mitistoire Barragouyne de Fanfreluche et Gaudichon" - etc. Lyon, 1574 (or 1576) (reputed to have been written while Guillaume was at Valence)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gelodacyre Amoureuse, Contenant Plusiers Aubades, Chansons Gaillardes, Pavanes". 1576

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Recreation et Passetemps des Tristes" - etc. Rouen, (1595 (and 1597)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Becq de Fouquières, Louis (1879). "Œuvres choisies des poètes français du XVI siècle, contemporains de Ronsard". Paris, G. Charpentier. p. 38. (in French)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brooks, Richard A. (1947). "A Critical Bibliography of French Literature: The Seventeenth Century Revised". Syracuse University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chalmers, Alexander (Revised by) (1812). "The General Biographical Dictionary". Vol. III, pp. 197–198.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grimal, Pierre (1958). "Dictionnaire des Biographies". Paris, Presses Universitaire de France. p. 427.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hartmann, Hans. (1907) "Guillaume des Autels (1529-1581?): Ein französischer Dichter und Humanist". Buchdruckerei Gebr. Leemann & Co., Verlag der "Academia". (in German).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Koerner, Valentini (1996). "Index Aureliensis: catalogus librorum sedecimo saeculo impressorum. Cu-Des". Volume XI. Baden-Baden. pp. 459–461.

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Croix du Maine; Antoine du Verdier (1773). "Les bibliotheques françoises". Paris, Saillant & Nyon.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Niceron, Jean-Pierre (1734). "Memoir pour servir a l'histoire des hommes illustre dans la Republique des lettres". Vol. V, pp. 14–21. (in French).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prévost, Michel; Roman d'Amat, J. Balteau (1939) "Dictionnaire de biographie française", Vol. V, pp. 1194–1196 and Vol. X. Paris, Letouzey et Ané. (in French).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michaud, Joseph François; Louis Gabriel Michaud (1811). "Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne". Paris, Michaud frères. Vol. III, pp. 92–93. (in French).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Payen, Jean-François (1853). "Autelz (Guillaume des)" in "Nouvelle biographie universelle", edited by Ferdinand Hoefer, Didot frères. Paris, Didot frères. Vol. 3, column 785.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Young, Margaret L. M. (1961). "Guillaume Des Autelz: A Study of His Life and Works". Geneva: E. Droz.

description: Poet, writer

wikidata_label: Guillaume Desautels

wikipedia_title: Guillaume Desautels