text: Guarenas

text: Venezuela

text: Caracas

text: Venezuela

text: Surrealism

text: Beatnik

text: National Prize for Literature (Venezuela)

text: Marcos Pérez Jimenez

text: Guillermo Sucre

text: Gonzalo Castellanos

text: Elisa Lerner

text: Salvador Garmendia

text: Adriano González León

text: Luis García Morales

text: Efraín Hurtado

text: Antonio Pasquali

text: Francisco Pérez Perdomo

text: Rodolfo Izaguirre

text: El Techo de la Ballena

text: El Techo de la Ballena

text: Sardio

text: El Techo de la Ballena

text: Homenaje a la Necrofilia”

text: Carlos Contramaestre

text: Adriano González León

text: Alberto Brandt

text: Carlos Contramaestre

text: Dámaso Ogaz

text: Daniel González

text: Efraín Hurtado

text: Francisco Pérez Perdomo

text: Rodolfo Izaguirre

text: Salvador Garmendia

text: El Techo de la Ballena

text: Héctor Silva Michelena

text: Ludovico Silva

text: Alfredo Silva Estrada

text: El Techo de la Ballena

text: Sardio

text: El Techo de la Ballena

text: Sol cuello cortado

text: Victor Valera Mora

text: Carlos Noguera

text: Luis Camilo Guevara

text: Mario Abreu

text: José Barroeta

text: Elí Galindo

text: República del Este

text: Sabana Grande

text: Caracas

text: Adriano González León

text: Central University of Venezuela

text: Adriano González León

text: Daniel González

text: Luis Camilo Guevara

text: Mateo Manaure

text: Orlando Araujo

text: Salvador Garmendia

text: Miyó Vestrini

text: Víctor Valera Mora

text: Literatura y política en el Techo de la ballena, por Octaviano Tiamo

text: Sardio. Un compromiso artístico y político, por Yasmine Vandorpe

text: Entrevista con Caupolicán Ovalles, por Carmen Virginia Carrillo

text: Camaleón por naturaleza, por Andrea Hernández

text: Recuerdos de Caupolicán Ovalles, por Asdrúbal González

text: República del Este, por J. J. Armas Marcelo

text: Yo, Bolívar Rey, por J. J. Armas Marcelo

text: Al este de Caracas, J. J. Armas Marcelo

text: El gran Caupolicán, J. J. Armas Marcelo

text: J.J. Armas Marcelo: La grandeza de Caupolicán Ovalles

text: El Techo de la Ballena y la República del Este, por J.J. Armas Marcelo

text: Caupolicán, rey del fuego, por Miguel Chillida

text: La República del Este (re-vision), por Igor Delgado Senior

text: Nueva Antología de El Techo de la Ballena, por Edmundo Aray

text: Mira mi guerrillera, por Caupolicán Ovalles

text: Entrevista de Adrino Gonzalez Leon sobre El Techo de la Ballena

text: "La belleza del arpón" de Miguel Marcotrigiano

text: Caupolicán Ovalles, grosso modo" de Miguel Chillida

text: Publican una antología de la obra poética de Caupolicán Ovalles

text: Antología digna de un Poeta-Hostias

text: Primero fue Posada al viento, por Néstor Mendoza

text: La posibilidad fulminante de escribir de Caupolicán Ovalles, por David Tortosa

text: Caupolicán, poeta-hostias, señor del escándalo, por Víctor Alarcón @vicalar

text: Edmundo Aray: de la vida y aventuras de El Techo de la Ballena

text: Conociendo a Caupolicán, por Boris Muñoz

text: Los tres manifiestos de El Techo de la Ballena, por Maguy Blanco Fombona

text: El poeta de la calle de Venezuela, por Angel Vivas

text: Poética de la subversión y vino de Extremadura, por Sebastián de la Nuez

paragraph: Caupolicán Ovalles

paragraph: Rafael Honorio Caupolican Ovalles Colmenares (born April 24, 1936 Guarenas, Venezuela - died February 23, 2001 Caracas, Venezuela) was a controversial Venezuelan writer. He belonged to the avant-garde period of the sixties and was influenced by French Surrealism and American Beatnik.

paragraph: He actively participated in literary and artistic groups of the time such as The Roof of the Whale and La República del Este, among the most known. His most famous poetry works are "¿Duerme usted, señor presidente?" (1962) and "Elegía a la muerte de Guatimocín, mi padre, alias El Globo" (1967). In 1973 he received the National Prize for Literature (Venezuela) for his collection of poems "Copa de Huesos" (1972).

paragraph: Section::::Literary Groups.

paragraph: Section::::Literary Groups.:Sardio.

paragraph: Sardio (1954-1961) was created as a literary group opposed to Marcos Pérez Jimenez's dictatorial government. The proposal of Sardio was both politic and aesthetic. After the dictatorship ended in 1958, they published a homonymous magazine (1958-1961) with eight issues. Later, they separated for political reasons.

paragraph: The group was made up by several poets, writers and painters, including Guillermo Sucre, Gonzalo Castellanos, Elisa Lerner, Salvador Garmendia, Caupolicán Ovalles, Adriano González León, Luis García Morales, Rómulo Aranguibel, Efraín Hurtado, Antonio Pasquali, Francisco Pérez Perdomo, Rodolfo Izaguirre, and Edmundo Aray.

paragraph: Caupolicán was a member of the Editorial Board of Sardio's last issue. The first manifesto of El Techo de la Ballena was published in the last page of that issue.

paragraph: Section::::Literary Groups.:El Techo de la Ballena.

paragraph: El Techo de la Ballena (1961-1968) arises as a literary and artistic group conformed by some of the left-wing members of Sardio, including Caupolicán. The group published three issues of the magazine "Rayado sobre el Techo". On March 24, 1961 El Techo de la Ballena opens its first exhibition entitled “Para restituir el magma”, at the same time the first manifesto was published in [http://icaadocs.mfah.org/icaadocs/ELAR

paragraph: El Techo de la Ballena has been described by the critics as an avant-garde group with revolutionary purposes and multidisciplinary media. It was very active between 1961 and 1965. Among its most explosive expressions is Homenaje a la Necrofilia”, by Carlos Contramaestre.

paragraph: Some of its most important members were Adriano González León, Alberto Brandt, Carlos Contramaestre, Caupolicán Ovalles, Dámaso Ogaz, Daniel González, Edmundo Aray, Efraín Hurtado, Francisco Pérez Perdomo, Rodolfo Izaguirre and Salvador Garmendia, among others.

paragraph: Section::::Literary Groups.:Sol cuello cortado.

paragraph: Sol cuello cortado (1964), a poetry magazine that appeared at the same time as El Techo de la Ballena, published six issues. It was founded by Caupolicán Ovalles and Héctor Silva Michelena; later, Ludovico Silva and Alfredo Silva Estrada contributed to the magazine.

paragraph: Section::::Literary Groups.:La Pandilla de Lautréamont.

paragraph: La Pandilla de Lautréamont emerges after the disintegration of El Techo de la Ballena. Gathering around a literary magazine was not working, as was the case of Sardio, El Techo de la Ballena and Sol cuello cortado. After meeting the "nadaístas" in Colombia, Caupolicán realizes that it was necessary to create an open group, which was related to society and not revolving around an aesthetic expression but around conversation. Victor Valera Mora, Carlos Noguera, Luis Camilo Guevara, Mario Abreu, José Barroeta, and Elí Galindo joined the so-called Pandilla de Lautréamont. The group used to gather at a bar in Sabana Grande called El Viñedo. At one of those gatherings held in October 1968 Caupolicán appointed himself President of the newly founded República del Este.

paragraph: Section::::La República del Este.

paragraph: Established as an open group, La República del Este was located at the so-called Bermuda Triangle of Sabana Grande (Franco's, Camilo's and Il Vecchio Mulino bars and restaurants). It was intended to found a republic diametrically opposed to the one that officiated at the Palace of Miraflores, located in the West of Caracas. They edited five numbers of a homonymous magazine, in which Caupolicán Ovalles and Adriano González León participated as consultants.

paragraph: The Association of Venezuelan Writers publicly acknowledged La República del Este in 1970. That same year, the population of La República grew up, as a result of the Renewal of the School of Literature (Central University of Venezuela). But the highest increase in population occurred in 1974: people of all kinds having no relation with the political-literary origin of the group joined it. In 1973 the coup d’état became a form of government at La República del Este.

paragraph: Despite the profuse inflow of people arriving to the group, the permanent members were Adriano González León, Andrés Aguilar, Argimiro Briceño León, Caupolicán Ovalles, Daniel González, David Alizo, Denzil Romero, Enrique Hernández D’Jesus, Elí Galindo, Elías Vallés, Héctor Myerston, la Negra Maggi, Luis Camilo Guevara, Luis Correa, Luis Salazar, Luis Sutherland, Manuel Alfredo Rodríguez, Manuel Matute, Mary Ferrero, Mateo Manaure, Orlando Araujo, Paco Benmamán, Pepe Luis Garrido, Rubén Osorio Canales, Salvador Garmendia, Miyó Vestrini, Víctor Valera Mora, among others.

paragraph: In 1973, La República del Este's institutionality teeters and the coups d’état became customary. Caupolicán himself says in an interview conducted by Mary Ferrero in this regard: “I legalized the coup d’état as a valid weapon, I ended the administrative framework, established a new international order. The triumph of my candidacy meant anarchy and the victory of surreal thought”.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1962: "¿Duerme usted, señor presidente?" Ediciones del Techo de la Ballena.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963: "En uso de razón". Ediciones Tubulares N° 1.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967 "Elegía en rojo a la muerte Guatimocín, mi padre, alias El Globo". Ediciones del Techo de la Ballena.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972: "Copa de huesos. Profanaciones". Editorial La Gran Papelería del Mundo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: "Diario de Praga u sexto sentido". Ediciones UCV.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: "¡Ha muerto un colmenar de la colmena!" Ediciones en Homenaje a Rafael José Colmenares.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980: "Canción anónima / Para canción / Canción para Evita Paraíso / Los mil picos de agua". Ediciones de La Gran Papelería del Mundo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980: "El pumpá volador de Armando". Ediciones María de Mase.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: "Yo, Bolívar rey". Contexto Audiovisual III.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989: "Convertido en pez viví enamorado del desierto". Ediciones UCV.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996: "Usted me debe esa cárcel, Conversaciones en La Ahumada". Rayuela Taller de Ediciones.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998: "El Almirante duende". Rayuela Taller de Ediciones.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Alfabetarium". La Casa Nacional de las Letras. (póstumo)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "En (des)uso de la razón. Antología poética y otros textos". Rayuela Taller de Ediciones.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Figuras del siglo XX en la literatura venezolana, por Carmen Virginia Carrillo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grupos artistico-literarios de la Venezuela de los sesenta, por Carmen Virginia Carrillo

paragraph: BULLET::::- La subversión, entre la ética y la estética. A propósito de la obra poética de Caupolicán Ovalles, por Carmen Virginia Carrillo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agresividad verbal en la poesía venezolana de los años 60, de Sardio a El techo de la ballena, por William Martínez

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imaginarios contemporáneos de Simón Bolívar. Una aproximación desde la novela Yo, Bolívar rey de Caupolicán Ovalles, por Yudis Contreras y Juan Barreto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Literatura y política en el Techo de la ballena, por Octaviano Tiamo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sardio. Un compromiso artístico y político, por Yasmine Vandorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- La patria bohemia que nació derrotada. Semblanza de grupo de la República del Este (tesis), Lissy de Abreu y Aline Dos Reis

paragraph: BULLET::::- El Techo de la Ballena, un cortometraje documental por Luis Alejandro Rodríguez

paragraph: BULLET::::- Una rayuela que se borra y se vuelve a dibujar cada día. Semblanza de lugar sobre la transformación urbanística y cultural de Sabana Grande (tesis), por Verónica Rodríguez y Carla Valero

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entrevista con Caupolicán Ovalles, por Carmen Virginia Carrillo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caupolicán Ovalles: “¿Duerme Usted señor Presidente? “Haga preso a ese carajo”, por Mario Valdez

paragraph: BULLET::::- Camaleón por naturaleza, por Andrea Hernández

paragraph: BULLET::::- Recuerdos de Caupolicán Ovalles, por Asdrúbal González

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Es necesario defender y exaltar la cultura de la cual formamos parte". Entrevista con Rodolfo Izaguirre, por Carmen Virginia Carrillo

paragraph: BULLET::::- República del Este, por J. J. Armas Marcelo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yo, Bolívar Rey, por J. J. Armas Marcelo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Al este de Caracas, J. J. Armas Marcelo

paragraph: BULLET::::- El gran Caupolicán, J. J. Armas Marcelo

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.J. Armas Marcelo: La grandeza de Caupolicán Ovalles

paragraph: BULLET::::- El Techo de la Ballena y la República del Este, por J.J. Armas Marcelo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caupolicán, rey del fuego, por Miguel Chillida

paragraph: BULLET::::- La República del Este (re-vision), por Igor Delgado Senior

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nueva Antología de El Techo de la Ballena, por Edmundo Aray

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mira mi guerrillera, por Caupolicán Ovalles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entrevista de Adrino Gonzalez Leon sobre El Techo de la Ballena

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elogio a la locura de Cajigal de mi tío Caupolicán, por Argimiro Arratia Quesada

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Sur)Realismo en la poesía venezolana del 58, por Paul W. Borgeson, JR. University of Illinois at Urbana

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La belleza del arpón" de Miguel Marcotrigiano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caupolicán Ovalles, grosso modo" de Miguel Chillida

paragraph: BULLET::::- Publican una antología de la obra poética de Caupolicán Ovalles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antología digna de un Poeta-Hostias

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caupolicán Ovalles y el exilio, por Diosce Martinez

paragraph: BULLET::::- Primero fue Posada al viento, por Néstor Mendoza

paragraph: BULLET::::- El delirio de Caupolicán Ovalles vuelve para agitar las mentes, por Diana Moncada

paragraph: BULLET::::- La posibilidad fulminante de escribir de Caupolicán Ovalles, por David Tortosa

paragraph: BULLET::::- “The Roof of the Whale”: El Techo de la Ballena and the Venezuelan Avant-Garde, 1961–1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- Para Caupolicán Ovalles ¡LOS GUSANOS Y EL GRITO DE DADA!, por Rodolfo Izaguirre

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caupolicán, poeta-hostias, señor del escándalo, por Víctor Alarcón @vicalar

paragraph: BULLET::::- LITERATURA En la presentación del libro En des(uso) de razón: El Caupo sigue vigente en su mensaje y legado

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmundo Aray: de la vida y aventuras de El Techo de la Ballena

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conociendo a Caupolicán, por Boris Muñoz

paragraph: BULLET::::- Los tres manifiestos de El Techo de la Ballena, por Maguy Blanco Fombona

paragraph: BULLET::::- El poeta de la calle de Venezuela, por Angel Vivas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poética de la subversión y vino de Extremadura, por Sebastián de la Nuez

paragraph: BULLET::::- Memorias de las noches republicanas CAUPO, EL POETA CAUDILLO, por Ángel Gustavo Infante

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CHIVO/RegistroCompleto/tabid/99/doc/1060710/language/es-MX/Default.aspx "Rayado sobre el Techo" N°1]

paragraph: Section::::Acknowledgements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1973: National Prize for Literature (Venezuela) for the poetry compilation "Copa de huesos. Profanaciones".

wikidata_label: Caupolicán Ovalles

wikipedia_title: Caupolicán Ovalles


text:
O.C.D.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Lismore
Chinese Australian
Shepparton
St Aloysius' College
Milsons Point
Discalced Carmelite
ordained
Bachelor of Theology
Melbourne College of Divinity
Master of Philosophy
University of Melbourne
episcopal ordination
vicar
Discalced Carmelite
friar
Sydney
Father Gregory Homeming, O.C.D.

categories: Roman Catholic bishops in Australia,Roman Catholic Diocese of Lismore,University of Melbourne alumni,1958 births,Australian people of Chinese descent,Discalced Carmelites,Living people

paragraph: Greg Homeming

paragraph: Gregory Homeming O.C.D. (born 30 May 1958) is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lismore. His installation took place on 22 February 2017.

paragraph: Homeming was born on 30 May 1958 into a Chinese Australian family and was educated in Shepparton, Victoria, before completing his secondary education at St Aloysius' College in Milsons Point. He joined the Discalced Carmelite order in 1985 after working for four years as a lawyer, and was ordained a Carmelite priest on 20 July 1991 after having obtained a Bachelor of Theology from the Melbourne College of Divinity and a Master of Philosophy from the University of Melbourne. Until his episcopal ordination, he served as the regional vicar of the Discalced Carmelite friars in Sydney.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father Gregory Homeming, O.C.D.

wikidata_label: Greg Homeming

wikipedia_title: Greg Homeming


text: Malaga

text: Boston

text: Lebanese

text: Syracuse University

text: Park Avenue

text: Amerika Haus Berlin

text: Hopkins Center for the Arts

text: Spoleto Festival USA

text: Museum of Cádiz

text: Antonio Gala Foundation

text: Corcoran Gallery of Art

text: Storm King Art Center

text: Fogg Art Museum

text: Brooklyn Museum

text: Hood Museum of Art

text: Wichita Art Museum

text: Figge Art Museum

text: Rose Art Museum

text: Gibbes Museum of Art

text: Spencer Museum of Art

text: Stanford University

text: The works of Douglas Abdell.

text: Biography of Douglas Abdell

text: sculptures 1992-1995

text: abdellmagua.com

text: catalogue of the exposition

text: Harvard Art Museums: Douglas Abdell

categories: Living people,1947 births,American sculptors

paragraph: Douglas Abdell

paragraph: Douglas Abdell (1947) is an American sculptor, living and working in Malaga, Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Abdell was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1947, to parents of Lebanese and Italian origin. In 1970 he graduated from Syracuse University with a bachelor of Fine Arts in sculpture.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Abdell is predominately a sculptor and has worked with cast and welded bronze, welded steel, and carved stone. In the early eighties he had a period of painting with oil, acrylics and mixed media collage works. In the last 30 years his work has been devoted to political and social themes related to the Mediterranean Countries and their history more specifically Phoenician and Arabic with their specific symbols and languages. The materials of these works are cast bronze, carved stone and etchings. He is currently living in Malaga, Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Selected exhibitions.:Individual Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 – Graham Gallery, New York City.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 – Graham Gallery, New York City.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 – Andrew Crispo Gallery, New York City.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 – Andrew Crispo Gallery, New York City.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 – Park Avenue, New York City, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 – Amerika Haus Berlin, West Germany.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 – "Berlín Phoenaes", Mike Steiner Studio Galerie, Berlin, Germany.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 – Dartmouth College Museum & Galleries Beaumont-May Gallery, Hopkins Center for the Arts, Hanover, New Hampshire.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 – Marisa del Re Gallery, New York City, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 – Andrew Crispo Gallery, New York City.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 – Gallozzi-La Placa Gallery, New York City.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 – Spoleto Festival USA, Charleston, South Carolina.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 – "La Quarta Guerra Punica", Galleria Massimo Riposati, Roma, Italy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1991 – "La Quarta Guerra Punica", Galleria Agorá, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 – "La unió dels Estats Fenicis", Pati Llimona, Barcelona, Spain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 – "La unió deIs Estats Fenicis" Casal de Vespella de Gaiá Catalunya, Pati Llimona, Barcelona, Spain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 – "Abdell, Unión de Los Estados Fenicios" Museo Pablo Gargallo, Zaragoza, Spain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 – "Abdell, El retorno del Fenicio" Museo de Adra, Centro de Arte, Adra, Almería, Spain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 – "Abdell, El retorno del Fenicio" Museo de Chiclana, Chiclana de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 – "Abdell, El retorno del Fenicio" Museum of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 – "Abdell, El retorno del Fenicio" Antonio Gala Foundation, Córdoba, Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Selected exhibitions.:Works in museums and public collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- H. H. Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, Lugano, Switzerland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Storm King Art Center, Mountainville, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brooklyn Museum, New York City, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mc Nay Art Institute, San Antonio, Texas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wichita Art Museum, Wichita, Kansas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- University of Notre Dame, Snite Museum of Art, Notre Dame, Indiana.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Figge Art Museum, Davenport, Iowa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Jay Park, East 76th Street & York Avenue, New York City, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruth and Marvin Sackner Archives, Miami, Florida.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tabor College, Hillsboro, Kansas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brandeis University, Rose Art Museum, Waltham, Massachusetts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gibbes Museum of Art, Charleston, South Carolina.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quadrat Museum, Bottrop, West Germany.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mississippi Museum of Art, Jackson, Mississippi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanford University, Stanford California.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- wikiart.org: The works of Douglas Abdell.

paragraph: BULLET::::- askart.com: Biography of Douglas Abdell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Douglas Abdell: sculptures 1992-1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- Last works of Douglas Abdell: abdellmagua.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amerika Haus: Douglas Abdell: neue Skulpturen catalogue of the exposition

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brooklyn Museum: Drawing for the Sculpture "Pnauxae-Aekyad" 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fogg Museum Harvard Art Museums: Douglas Abdell

description: sculptor

wikidata_label: Douglas Abdell

wikipedia_title: Douglas Abdell


text:
Grand Prix motorcycle racer
Italy
Kawasaki ZX-10R
Como
Superbike World Championship
Niccolò Canepa
2009
Suzuki
Jules Cluzel
Forward Racing
San Marino
British Grand Prix
Silverstone
Profile on motogp.com

categories: Moto2 World Championship riders,MotoGP World Championship riders,1987 births,Italian motorcycle racers,Superbike World Championship riders,FIM Superstock 1000 Cup riders,Living people

paragraph: Claudio Corti (motorcyclist)

paragraph: Claudio Corti (born 25 June 1987) is a Grand Prix motorcycle racer from Italy. He currently competes in the British National Superstock 1000 Championship aboard a Kawasaki ZX-10R.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early career.

paragraph: Born in Como, Corti progressed up the motorcycling ladder through the Italian 125GP Championship and by 2004, he had finished as runner-up in the Italian Supersport Championship. In 2005, Corti moved into the European Superstock 600cc Cup, run on the Superbike World Championship support package. Riding for the Trasimeno team, Corti and France's Yoann Tiberio battled for the championship title, with Corti claiming the honours by eight points. He finished his first seven races on the podium, including five victories. He also competed in the Italian Supersport, Superstock and Superbike series; he twice finished as runner-up in the championship in Superstock in 2006 and 2007, and was runner-up in Superbikes in 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Superstock 1000 FIM Cup.

paragraph: After his championship campaign in 2005, Corti moved up into the more powerful 1000cc championship for the 2006 season with Yamaha Team Italia. Four victories was a season-high for all riders, but for Corti, these were his only trips to the podium all season, as Alessandro Polita claimed the title ahead of Corti by a margin of 20 points. Corti continued with Yamaha Team Italia in 2007, and again finished as championship runner-up, this time to Niccolò Canepa, as well as holding off Matteo Baiocco for the runner-up placing.

paragraph: Corti's 2008 campaign was far from successful however, as he tumbled down the standings to end the season in eleventh place on 57 points, tying with Andrea Antonelli. But he returned to prior form in 2009, as he claimed his third runner-up placing in four seasons, riding a Suzuki for Alstare Racing. Corti won two of the first three races, but was eventually overhauled by the super-consistent placings of Xavier Simeon, who finished all ten races in the top two. Maxime Berger's retirements from three races equally helped Corti to secure second in the championship.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Moto2 World Championship.

paragraph: Corti moved onto the Grand Prix bill, moving into the new-for- Moto2 class. He partnered Jules Cluzel at the Forward Racing team riding Suter motorcycles. Corti was one of the few riders to finish each one of the season's 17 races, although points-scoring finishes were hard to come by due to the expansive nature of the class, with races having around 40 entries each. Corti finished 25th in the championship, with a best result of ninth in San Marino. He also claimed pole position at the British Grand Prix at Silverstone, but finished the race in 30th place.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on motogp.com

description: motorcycle racer from Italy

wikidata_label: Claudio Corti

wikipedia_title: Claudio Corti (motorcyclist)


text:
American
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
Seiberling Rubber Company
Stan Hywet Hall
National Historic Landmark
historic house museum
Akron, Ohio
Heidelberg College
Tiffin, Ohio
Akron, Ohio
panics of the 1890s
Charles Goodyear
vulcanization
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
Seiberling Rubber Company
Barberton, Ohio
Melvin Vaniman
"Akron"
Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens
Summit County, Ohio
John F. Seiberling
Seiberling visual history
Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens

categories: American chief executives,Seiberling family,1955 deaths,Heidelberg University (Ohio) alumni,American people of German descent,American philanthropists,Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company people,American company founders,University of Akron,Businesspeople from Akron, Ohio,American inventors,1859 births

paragraph: Frank Seiberling

paragraph: F.A. Seiberling (October 6, 1859 – August 11, 1955) was an American inventor and founder. He is most famous for co-founding the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in 1898 and the Seiberling Rubber Company in 1921. He also built Stan Hywet Hall, a Tudor Revival mansion, now a National Historic Landmark and historic house museum in Akron, Ohio.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: Son of a German American entrepreneur from Ohio, Seiberling spent two years attending Heidelberg College in Tiffin, Ohio, before joining the J.F. Seiberling Company, his father's farm machinery manufacturing business, working there as secretary and treasurer. His father, John Seiberling, founder of that Akron, Ohio company, invented one of the first reaping machines. While working for the company, Seiberling invented a twine binder that tied grain bundles with a bow knot.

paragraph: Many businesses failed in the panics of the 1890s, including the street railway company owned by Seiberling's father. In 1898, Seiberling was jobless, nearing forty years old, with a wife and three children. He learned of the availability of an old strawboard factory in East Akron, which he purchased, together with the it stood on, for $13,500. He borrowed $3,500 for a down payment from a brother-in-law, Lucius C. Miles. In partnership with his brother C.W. Seiberling, he decided to open a rubber company, picked a name, and was selling stock. The company would be named for Charles Goodyear, the discoverer of vulcanization, who had died penniless almost forty years before.

paragraph: While Seiberling and his brother Charles were the co-founders of the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, its first president was David E. Hill, a business associate who purchased $30,000 of the company's initial stock. In 1899, Raymond C. Penfield, another brother-in-law, became the second president of the company; Lucius C. Miles followed in the position in 1900. In 1906, Seiberling, until then the secretary and general manager, became the fourth president of the company.

paragraph: Seiberling was credited with 19 patents during his tenure at The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. One of his most famous being for the Seiberling State Tire Building machine which was patented in 1908. Invented in collaboration with Goodyear's chief engineer William State, the machine mechanized tire building, which enabled the industry to move away from the cumbersome and time consuming process of hand building tires. One man could now turn out 60 tires in ten hours as opposed to five tires built by hand. The Seiberling State machine revolutionized tire building and led to an explosion in tire production output.

paragraph: Seiberling set up a tire building machine in a separate room on the factory floor and provided demonstrations to other tire manufacturers. Goodyear granted 50 licenses on the tire building machine and made an estimated $2,000,000 in royalties. By 1913, over half of the tires made in the U.S. were manufactured on the Seiberling State machine.

paragraph: Seiberling and Goodyear received additional patents for creating the first universal tire rim, introducing the double diamond all weather tire tread, and inventing a pneumatic truck tire which eventually replaced the industry standard solid truck tire. By 1916, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company was the largest tire producer in the world.

paragraph: Seiberling became known as the "little Napoleon" of the rubber industry because of his small stature and his unremitting determination to succeed. He played a leading role in developing Akron from a small town into the "rubber capital of the world."

paragraph: In 1921, Goodyear was refinanced and reorganized, and Frank and Charles Seiberling resigned from the company. Frank Seiberling then began the Seiberling Rubber Company in Barberton, Ohio. During his lifetime, Seiberling became famous for his fair treatment of workers. In 1985, he was inducted into the Tire Industry Hall of Fame as a member of its inaugural class.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Philanthropy.

paragraph: In June 1911, Seiberling announced that he was financing an attempt at a transatlantic airship flight, to be headed by Melvin Vaniman. In July 1912, the airship "Akron" exploded, and Vaniman and his crew were killed.

paragraph: During his lifetime, Seiberling used his fortune and influence to create fair housing, build a hospital, improve transportation both locally and nationally, preserve green space for the community's enjoyment and fund countless arts and culture programs and organizations. Seiberling believed true prosperity was gained through the enlightenment and improvement of every citizen. A 1937 Akron Beacon Journal article, stated, "One reason we all like the Seiberlings is because they never went 'high hat' on Akron; perhaps no other local family ever enjoyed greater prosperity and achievement . . . yet they were never so busy as to turn a disinterested ear to any pleader for Akron's future or civic welfare . . . No man in Akron ever had a broader conception of Akron's civic problems than Frank Seiberling."

paragraph: Seiberling focused on projects that directly impacted the lives of his Goodyear employees and thereby ensured the success of Akron. He developed and underwrote the creation of Goodyear Heights, a neighborhood for factory workers; and Fairlawn Heights, a neighborhood for white-collar employees. In addition, he was a founder of The Peoples Hospital, the Fairlawn Country Club, and the Metropolitan Park system in Akron. Seiberling also supported four educational institutions, his alma mater Heidelberg College, the University of Akron, Lincoln Memorial University in Cumberland Gap, Tennessee and the Western Reserve Academy a private boys school in Hudson, Ohio.

paragraph: He was also involved in the following organizations:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akron Chamber of Commerce – President 1910-1911, Member 1910-1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goodyear Heights Phase I – Developer 1910

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akron Settlement Association – Founding Member 1911, Trustee 1912-1914

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sumner Homes for the Aged – Founding Member 1911, Trustee 1911-1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buchtel College (now University of Akron) – Trustee 1911-1914

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akron Institute for the Blind – Founding Member 1912

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charity Organization Society – Founding Member 1912, President 1912-1913

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trinity Lutheran Church – Donor of Rebuilding Fund 1913

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lincoln Highway Association – Founding Member 1913, President 1918-1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heidelberg College – Trustee 1913-1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- People's Hospital – Founding Member 1914, Director Board of Directors 1914-1937, Honorary Board Member 1937-1955

paragraph: BULLET::::- U.S. Chamber of Commerce – Director Wisconsin, Illinois & Ohio Region 1915-1918, Chairman of the Highways Committee 1921

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lincoln Memorial University – Trustee 1915-1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Red Cross – Vice-Chairman 1916

paragraph: BULLET::::- Western Reserve Academy – Trustee 1916-1936

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fairlawn Heights – Developer 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fairlawn Country Club – Founding Member 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- Red Cross, Akron Chapter – Vice President 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- City of Akron Americanization Committee – Chairman, 1918

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akron War Chest Drive (Community Fund) – Campaign Manager 1918

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metropolitan Park Board – Founding Member 1921, Trustee 1921-1935

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rubber Manufacturers Association – President 1929

paragraph: Seiberling's private home Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens, a Tudor Revival home built in 1915, remains in Akron and is now a National Historic landmark and historic house museum open to the public. Originally the site encompassed approximately 3,000 acres of land. Portions of the property were broken off during Seiberling's lifetime to create the Fairlawn Heights neighborhood and Sand Run Metro Park. Today the 501(c)3 museum maintains 70 acres including the 64,500 square foot historic manor home, five service buildings and thirty acres of historic gardens designed by Warren Manning.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life.

paragraph: Seiberling was born on October 6, 1859, in Western Star, Ohio, a community a few miles southwest of Akron, in Summit County, Ohio. He was the second of nine children born to John Frederick and Catherine Miller Seiberling. Seiberling had one brother and seven sisters. In 1887, he married Gertrude Ferguson Penfield (1866–1946). The couple had seven children, three girls (Irene, Virginia, Grace Wenonah) and four boys (Fredrick, Willard, Penfield, and Franklin). Their youngest daughter Grace Wenonah died of bronchial pneumonia at only 18 months old. Seiberling died in Akron on August 11, 1955 of pneumonia, and is buried in Glendale Cemetery.

paragraph: His grandson, John F. Seiberling, Jr., was a U.S. congressman from Ohio.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- French, Michael. "Structure, Personality, and Business Strategy in the U.S. Tire Industry: The Seiberling Rubber Company, 1922–1964." "Business History Review." 67:3 (Summer 1993).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seiberling visual history

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens

description: American inventor and businessman

wikidata_label: Frank Seiberling

wikipedia_title: Frank Seiberling


text:
"vedute"
"capricci"
Modena
Giovanni Paolo Panini
Galli da Bibbiena
Perugia
Venice
Teatro di San Giovanni Grisostomo
Teatro San Samuele
Grimani
Dresden
Madrid
John James Heidegger
King's Theatre
Haymarket
Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia
Bourbon
Naples
Grove encyclopedia biography on Artnet
Antonio Joli at Wikigallery.org
"Italian Paintings, Venetian School"

categories: 1700 births,Italian male painters,1777 deaths,18th-century Italian painters,People from Modena

paragraph: Antonio Joli

paragraph: Antonio Francesco Lodovico Joli (13 March 1700 – 29 April 1777) was an Italian painter of "vedute" and "capricci".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Modena, he first was apprenticed to Rafaello Rinaldi. He then studied in Rome under Giovanni Paolo Panini, and in the studios of the Galli da Bibbiena family of scene-painters. He became a painter of stage sets in Modena and Perugia. In 1732 he moved to Venice, where he worked as stage-painter for opera productions at the Teatro di San Giovanni Grisostomo and the Teatro San Samuele of the Grimani family. In 1742 he went to Dresden, and then to London (1744–48) and Madrid (1750–54). In London, he decorated the Richmond mansion of John James Heidegger, then the director of the King's Theatre in the Haymarket. Joli returned to Venice in 1754, where he became one of the 36 founding members of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia. He moved to the Bourbon court of Naples in 1761, and died there on 29 April 1777.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grove encyclopedia biography on Artnet

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antonio Joli at Wikigallery.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Italian Paintings, Venetian School", a collection catalog containing information about Joli and his works (see index; plate 39).

alias:
Antonio Gioli
Antonio Jole
Antonio Yoli
Antonio Eolli
Antonio Joli de Dipi
Antonio Jolli
A. Jolli
A. Joli
Ant. Jolly
antonio jolly
Joli
Eolli
Jolli
Jole
Ioli

description: Italian vedutista painter

wikidata_label: Antonio Joli

wikipedia_title: Antonio Joli


text:
Italian
painter
veduta
capriccios
Venice
Brescia
Treviso
Modena
Raffaello Rinaldi
guild of painters
Accademia di Belle Arti
Antonio Visentini
Aranjuez
Reales Coliseos
Palacio Real de Aranjuez
Ferdinand VI
Farinelli
Pietro Metastasio
Francisco Zucchi
Baldassare Camillo Zamboni
Grove encyclopedia entry on Artnet
Francesco Battaglioli
Artgate
Fondazione Cariplo

categories: Modenese painters,Italian male painters,Italian vedutisti,18th-century Italian painters,1725 births,1796 deaths

paragraph: Francesco Battaglioli

paragraph: Francesco Battaglioli (Modena, 1725 – Venice, 1796) was an Italian painter, known as painter of "veduta" and "capriccios" based on the scenery of Venice and the Venetian mainland (Brescia and Treviso).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Battaglioli was born in Modena. He is said to have been a pupil of Raffaello Rinaldi. He joined the "Fraglia" or guild of painters in Venice between 1747-51. He became a member of the Accademia di Belle Arti in Venice in 1772, and he succeeded Antonio Visentini as professor of perspective in 1778.

paragraph: Some of his "veduta" are of Aranjuez in Spain, where he went to paint scenery sets for the Reales Coliseos theater held in the Palacio Real de Aranjuez for the delight of Ferdinand VI. Here he also worked with Farinelli in painting stage sets for Pietro Metastasio's "La Nitteti" in 1758. Battaglioli's "veduta" were engraved by Francisco Zucchi and used to illustrate Baldassare Camillo Zamboni’s "Memorie intorno alle pubbliche fabbriche" (1778).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torrione, Margarita, "Francesco Battaglioli. Escenografías para el Real Teatro del Buen Retiro" (exhibition catalogue), Madrid, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Teatro de la Zarzuela, INAEM, 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torrione, Margarita, "Nueve óleos de Francesco Battaglioli para el Coliseo del Buen Retiro. (La ópera en el reinado de Fernando VI: último relumbrón de la Corte Barroca.)", in J. Martínez Millán, C. Camarero Bullón, M. Luzzi Traficante (coords.), "La corte de los Borbones: crisis del modelo cortesano", Madrid, Ed. Polifemo, 2013, vol. 3, pp. 1733–1777.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TORRIONE, Margarita, "La sociedad de Corte y el ritual de la ópera", in "Fernando VI y Bárbara de Braganza. Un reinado bajo el signo de la paz : 1746-1759", exhibition catalogue, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (RABASF), Madrid, 2002, pp. 165–195. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- TORRIONE, Margarita, "Decorados teatrales para el Coliseo del Buen Retiro. Cuatro óleos de Francesco Battaglioli", "Reales Sitios" (Revista del Patrimonio Nacional), n° 143, 2000, pp. 40–51.

paragraph: BULLET::::- TORRIONE, Margarita, «El Real Coliseo del Buen Retiro: memoria de una arquitectura desaparecida», in TORRIONE, Margarita (dir.), "España festejante. El Siglo XVIII", Málaga, CEDMA, 2000, pp. 295–322. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- TORRIONE, Margarita, "Crónica festiva de dos reinados en la Gaceta de Madrid : 1700-1759", Paris, Ophrys, 1998. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.G. Links. "Canaletto and his Patrons", Paul Elek Ltd, London (1977). pp. 99–100.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grove encyclopedia entry on Artnet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domenico Sedini, Francesco Battaglioli, online catalogue Artgate by Fondazione Cariplo, 2010, CC BY-SA.

alias:
Francesco Bataglioli
Battaioli
Battaglioli
Battajoli
Battaioli Francesco

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Francesco Battaglioli

wikipedia_title: Francesco Battaglioli


text: Jesuit Order

text: hymnodist

text: Richard Topcliffe

text: high treason

text: Holy See

text: hanged

text: Tyburn

text: canonised

text: Pope Paul VI

text: Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

text: Horsham St Faith

text: Henry VIII

text: Suppression of the Monasteries

text: Horsham St. Faith's

text: Sir William Shelley

text: Sir Richard Southwell

text: English college

text: Douai

text: university of Douai

text: Leonard Lessius

text: College de Clermont

text: Thomas Darbyshire

text: Society of Jesus

text: novitiate

text: Tournai

text: Society of Jesus

text: Rome

text: Venerable English College

text: Queen Elizabeth

text: missionary

text: Henry Garnet

text: William Weston

text: Wisbech Castle

text: Robert Parsons

text: Edmund Campion

text: Sir Francis Walsingham

text: Hackney

text: William Vaux, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden

text: John Gerard

text: Edward Oldcorne

text: Sussex

text: Anne Howard

text: first earl of Arundel

text: Tower of London

text: Arundel House

text: The Strand, London

text: Harrow

text: Jerome Bellamy

text: Anthony Babington's plot

text: Holborn

text: Richard Topcliffe

text: Newgate Prison

text: John Popham

text: King's Bench

text: to be hanged, drawn and quartered

text: disembowelling

text: Lord Mountjoy

text: Thomas Nashe

text: John Windet

text: John Wolfe

text: John Cawood

text: Stationers' Register

text: Philip Earl of Arundel

text: Diego de Estella

text: Richard Challoner

text: Henry Foley

text: Thomas Morley

text: Elizabeth Grymeston

text: Benjamin Britten

text: Henry Garnet

text: doctrine of mental reservation

text: Nathaniel Bacon

text: Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Iesu

text: beatified

text: canonised

text: Pope Paul VI

text: Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

text: London Oratory School

text: Helen C. White

text: Christian stoic

text: Ben Jonson

text: Drummond of Hawthornden

text: Shakespeare

text: Chief Justice

text: racked

text: soul

text: At his Trial

text: University of Scranton

text: "The Works of Robert Southwell"

text: The Life and Martyrdom of Robert Southwell

text: The Poems of Robert Southwell

categories: Early modern Christian devotional writers,English Roman Catholic saints,1595 deaths,English Catholic poets,Executed people from Norfolk,16th-century English poets,16th-century Christian saints,Executed writers,People executed at Tyburn,People from Broadland (district),Roman Catholic writers,People executed under Elizabeth I of England by hanging, drawing and quartering,Catholic casuists,English saints,16th-century English Jesuits,Martyred Roman Catholic priests,English torture victims,Jesuit saints,1560s births,Forty Martyrs of England and Wales,16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs,Jesuit martyrs

paragraph: Robert Southwell (Jesuit)

paragraph: Robert Southwell (c. 1561 – 21 February 1595), also Saint Robert Southwell, was an English Roman Catholic priest of the Jesuit Order. He was also a poet, hymnodist, and clandestine missionary in post-Reformation England.

paragraph: After being arrested and imprisoned in 1592, and intermittently tortured and questioned by Richard Topcliffe, Southwell was eventually tried and convicted of high treason for his links to the Holy See. On 21 February 1595, Father Southwell was hanged at Tyburn. In 1970, he was canonised by Pope Paul VI as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

paragraph: Section::::Early life in England.

paragraph: He was born at Horsham St Faith, Norfolk, England. Southwell, the youngest of eight children, was brought up in a family of the Norfolk gentry. Despite their Catholic sympathies, the Southwells had profited considerably from King Henry VIII's Suppression of the Monasteries. Robert was third son of Richard Southwell of Horsham St. Faith's, Norfolk, by his first wife, Bridget, daughter of Sir Roger Copley of Roughway, Sussex. The hymnodist's maternal grandmother was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Shelley; Sir Richard Southwell was his paternal grandfather, but his father was born out of wedlock.

paragraph: Section::::Enters the Society of Jesus.

paragraph: In 1576, he was sent to the English college at Douai, where he boarded at the English College but studied at the Jesuit College of Anchin, a French college associated, like the English College, with the university of Douai. He studied briefly under Leonard Lessius. At the end of the summer, however, his education was interrupted by the movement of French and Spanish forces. Southwell was sent to Paris for greater safety as a student of the College de Clermont, under the tutelage of the Jesuit Thomas Darbyshire. He returned to Douai on 15 June 1577. A year later, he set off on foot to Rome with the intention of joining the Society of Jesus. A two-year novitiate at Tournai was required before joining the Society, however, and initially he was denied entry to the training. He appealed the decision by sending a heartfelt, emotional letter to the school. He bemoans the situation, writing, "How can I but wast in anguish and agony that find myself disjoined from that company, severed from that Society, disunited from that body wherein lyeth all my life my love my whole hart and affection" (Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu, Anglia 14, fol. 80, under date 1578).

paragraph: His efforts succeeded as he was admitted to the probation house of Sant' Andrea on 17 October 1578 and in 1580 he joined the Society of Jesus. Immediately after the completion of the novitiate, Southwell began studies in philosophy and theology at the Jesuit College in Rome. During this time, he worked as a secretary to the rector and writings of his are to be found amongst the school's documents. Upon completion of his studies, Southwell was granted the BA in 1584. In spite of his youth, he was made prefect of studies in the Venerable English College at Rome and was ordained priest in 1584. He was appointed "repetitor" (tutor) at the English College for two years before becoming prefect of studies.

paragraph: It was in that year that an act was passed forbidding any English-born subject of Queen Elizabeth, who had entered into priests' orders in the Catholic Church since her accession, to remain in England longer than forty days on pain of death.

paragraph: Section::::On the English mission.

paragraph: Southwell, at his own request, was sent to England in 1586 as a Jesuit missionary with Henry Garnet. He went from one Catholic family to another. The Jesuit William Weston had previously made his way to England; but he was arrested and sent to Wisbech Castle in 1587. The Garnet–Southwell Jesuit English mission is considered the third; the first such mission was that of Robert Parsons and Edmund Campion of 1580–1581.

paragraph: A spy reported to Sir Francis Walsingham the Jesuits' landing on the east coast in July, but they arrived without molestation at the house at Hackney of William Vaux, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden. In 1588 Southwell and Garnet were joined by John Gerard and Edward Oldcorne. Southwell was from the outset closely watched; he mixed furtively in Protestant society under the assumed name of Cotton. He studied the terms of sport, and used them in conversation. For the most part residing in London, he made occasional excursions to Sussex and the north.

paragraph: In 1589 Southwell became domestic chaplain to Anne Howard, whose husband, the first earl of Arundel, was in prison convicted of treason. Arundel had been confined to the Tower of London since 1585; but his execution was postponed, and he remained in prison till his death in 1596. Southwell took up his residence with the countess at Arundel House in The Strand, London. During 1591 he occupied most of his time in writing; although Southwell's name was not publicly associated with any of his works, his literary activity was suspected by the government.

paragraph: Section::::Arrest and imprisonment.

paragraph: After six years of missionary labour, Southwell was arrested at Uxendon Hall, Harrow, He was in the habit of visiting the house of Richard Bellamy, who lived near Harrow and was under suspicion on account of his connection with Jerome Bellamy, who had been executed for sharing in Anthony Babington's plot. One of the daughters, Anne Bellamy, was arrested and imprisoned in the gatehouse of Holborn for being linked to the situation. Having been interrogated and raped by Richard Topcliffe, the Queen's chief priest-hunter and torturer, she revealed Southwell's movements and he was immediately arrested.

paragraph: He was first taken to Topcliffe's own house, adjoining the Gatehouse Prison, where Topcliffe subjected him to the torture of "the manacles". He remained silent in Topcliffe's custody for forty hours. The queen then ordered Southwell moved to the Gatehouse, where a team of Privy Council torturers went to work on him. When they proved equally unsuccessful, he was left "hurt, starving, covered with maggots and lice, to lie in his own filth." After about a month he was moved by order of the Council to solitary confinement in the Tower of London. According to the early narratives, his father had petitioned the queen that his son, if guilty under the law, should so suffer, but if not should be treated as a gentleman, and that as his father he should be allowed to provide him with the necessities of life. No documentary evidence of such a petition survives, but something of the kind must have happened, since his friends were able to provide him with food and clothing, and to send him the works of St. Bernard and a Bible. His superior Henry Garnet later smuggled a breviary to him. He remained in the Tower for three years, under Topcliffe's supervision.

paragraph: Section::::Trial and execution.

paragraph: In 1595 the Privy Council passed a resolution for Southwell's prosecution on the charges of treason. He was removed from the Tower to Newgate Prison, where he was put into a hole called Limbo.

paragraph: A few days later, Southwell appeared before the Lord Chief Justice, John Popham, at the bar of the King's Bench. Popham made a speech against Jesuits and seminary priests. Southwell was indicted before the jury as a traitor under the statutes prohibiting the presence within the kingdom of priests ordained by Rome. Southwell admitted the facts but denied that he had ""entertained any designs or plots against the queen or kingdom."" His only purpose, he said, in returning to England had been to administer the sacraments according to the rite of the Catholic Church to such as desired them. When asked to enter a plea, he declared himself ""not guilty of any treason whatsoever,"" objecting to a jury being made responsible for his death but allowing that he would be tried by God and country.

paragraph: As the evidence was pressed, Southwell stated that he was the same age as ""our Saviour."" He was immediately reproved by Topcliffe for insupportable pride in making the comparison, but he said in response that he considered himself ""a worm of the earth."" After a brief recess, the jury returned with the predictable guilty verdict. The sentence of death was pronounced – to be hanged, drawn and quartered. He was returned through the city streets to Newgate.

paragraph: On 21 February 1595, Southwell was sent to Tyburn. Execution of sentence on a notorious highwayman had been appointed for the same time, but at a different place – perhaps to draw the crowds away – and yet many came to witness Southwell's death. Having been dragged through the streets on a sled, he stood in the cart beneath the gibbet and made the sign of the cross with his pinioned hands before reciting a Bible passage from "Romans xiv." The sheriff made to interrupt him; but he was allowed to address the people at some length, confessing that he was a Jesuit priest and praying for the salvation of Queen and country. As the cart was drawn away, he commended his soul to God with the words of the psalm "in manus tuas". He hung in the noose for a brief time, making the sign of the cross as best he could. As the executioner made to cut him down, in preparation for disembowelling him while still alive, Lord Mountjoy and some other onlookers tugged at his legs to hasten his death. His lifeless body was then disembowelled and quartered. As his severed head was displayed to the crowd, no one shouted the traditional "Traitor!"

paragraph: Section::::Works and legacy.

paragraph: Southwell addressed his "Epistle of Comfort" to Philip, Earl of Arundel. This and other of his religious tracts, "A Short Rule of Good Life", "Triumphs over Death", and a "Humble Supplication to Queen Elizabeth", circulated in manuscript. "Mary Magdalen's Funeral Tears" was openly published in 1591. It proved to be very popular, going through ten editions by 1636. Thomas Nashe's imitation of "Mary Magdalen's Funeral Tears" in "Christ's Tears over Jerusalem" proves that the works received recognition outside of Catholic circles.

paragraph: Soon after Southwell's death, "St Peter's Complaint with other poems" appeared, printed by John Windet for John Wolfe, but without the author's name. A second edition, including eight more poems, appeared almost immediately. Then on 5 April, John Cawood, the publisher of "Mary Magdalen's funeral tears," who probably owned the copyright all along, entered the book in the Stationers' Register, and brought out a third edition. "Saint Peter's Complaint" proved even more popular than "Mary Magdalen's Funeral tears"; it went into fourteen editions by 1636. Later that same year, another publisher, John Busby, having acquired a manuscript of Southwell's collection of lyric poems, brought out a little book containing a further twenty-two poems, under the title "Maeoniae". When in 1602 Cawood added another eight poems to his book, the English publication of Southwell's works came to an end. Southwell's "Of the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar", unpublishable in England, appeared in a broadsheet published at Douai in 1606. "A Foure fould Meditation of the foure last things", formerly attributed to Southwell, is by Philip Earl of Arundel. Similarly, the prose "A Hundred Meditations of the Love of God", once thought to be Southwell's, is a translation of Fray Diego de Estella's "Meditaciones devotisimas del amor de Dios".

paragraph: Much of Southwell's literary legacy rests on his considerable influence on other writers. There is evidence of Shakespeare's allusions to Southwell's work, particularly in The Merchant of Venice, Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet, and King Lear. Southwell's influence can be seen in the work of Donne, Herbert, Crashaw and Hopkins.

paragraph: A memoir of Southwell was drawn up soon after his death. Much of the material was incorporated by Richard Challoner in his "Memoirs of Missionary Priests "(1741), and the manuscript is now in the Public Record Office in Brussels. See also Alexis Possoz, "Vie du Pre R. Southwell" (1866); and a life in Henry Foley's "Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus: historic facts illustrative of the labours and sufferings of its members in the 16th and 17th centuries", 1877 (i. 301387). Foley's narrative includes copies of documents connected with his trial, and gives information on the original sources. The standard modern life, however, is Christopher Devlin's "The Life of Robert Southwell, Poet and Martyr", London, 1956.

paragraph: As the prefatory letter to his poems "The Author to his Loving Cousin" implies, Southwell seems to have composed with musical setting in mind. One such contemporary setting survives, Thomas Morley's provision of music for stanzas from "Mary Magdalen's Complaint at Christ's Death" in his "First book of ayres" (1600). Elizabeth Grymeston, in a book published for her son (1604), described how she sang stanzas from "Saint Peter's Complaint" as part of her daily prayer. The best known modern setting of Southwell's words is Benjamin Britten's use of stanzas from "New Heaven, New War," and "New Prince, New Pomp" two of the pieces in his "Ceremony of Carols" (1942).

paragraph: In the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras, Southwell and his companion and associate Henry Garnet were noted for their allegiance to the doctrine of mental reservation, a controversial ethical concept of the period.

paragraph: Under Southwell's Latinised name, Sotvellus, and in his memory, the English Jesuit Nathaniel Bacon, Secretary of the Society of Jesus, published the updated third edition of the "Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Iesu" (Rome, 1676). This Jesuit bibliography containing more than 8000 authors made "Sotvel" a common reference.

paragraph: Southwell was beatified in 1929 and canonised by Pope Paul VI as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales on 25 October 1970.

paragraph: Southwell is also the patron saint of Southwell House, a house in the London Oratory School in Fulham, London.

paragraph: Section::::Critical views.

paragraph: In the view of the critic Helen C. White, probably no work of Southwell's is more "representative of his Baroque genius than the prose "Marie Magdalens Funeral Teares", published late in 1591, close to the end of his career. The very choice of this subject would seem the epitome of the Baroque; for it is a commonplace that the penitent Magdalen, with her combination of past sensuality and current remorsefulness, was a favourite object of contemplation to the Counter-Reformation."

paragraph: Southwell's poetry is largely addressed to an English Catholic community under siege in post-Reformation Elizabethan England. Southwell endeavored to convince remaining English Catholics that their situation was an opportunity for spiritual growth. In his view, martyrdom was one of the most sincere forms of religious devotion. Southwell's poem "Life is but Losse" is an example of this concern. Throughout the seven stanzas, Southwell describes the martyrdom of English Catholics at the time, employing biblical figures of both Testaments (Samson and the Apostles). The poem's title forewarns the reader of the pessimistic tone Southwell uses to describe life, as in the line "Life is but losse, where death is deemed gaine." Being next to God is the perfect way to achieve spiritual bliss: "To him I live, for him I hope to dye" is Southwell's manner of informing the reader of the reason for his existence, which does not end with death.

paragraph: Southwell's writing differs from that of the Christian stoics of his time in his belief in the creative value of passion. Some of Southwell's contemporaries were also defenders of passion, but he was very selective when it came to where passions were directed. He was quoted as saying, "Passions I allow, and loves I approve, only I would wish that men would alter their object and better their intent." He felt that he could use his writing to stir religious feelings; and it is this pattern in his writing that has caused scholars to declare him a leading Baroque writer.

paragraph: Pierre Janelle published a study on Southwell in 1935 in which he recognized him as a pioneer Baroque figure, one of the first Baroque writers of the late 16th century and influential on numerous Baroque writers of the 17th century.

paragraph: Ben Jonson remarked to Drummond of Hawthornden that "so he had written that piece of [Southwell's], 'The Burning Babe,' he would have been content to destroy many of his." In fact, there is a strong case to be made for Southwell's influence on his contemporaries and successors, among them Drayton, Lodge, Nashe, Herbert, Crashaw, and especially Shakespeare, who seems to have known his work, both poetry and prose, extremely well.

paragraph: Section::::Quotations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chief Justice asked how old he was, seeming to scorn his youth. He answered that he was near about the age of our Saviour, Who lived upon the earth thirty-three years; and he himself was as he thought near about thirty-four years. Hereat Topcliffe seemed to make great acclamation, saying that he compared himself to Christ. Father Southwell answered, 'No he was a humble worm created by Christ.' 'Yes,' said Topcliffe, 'you are Christ's fellow.'"—Father Henry Garnet, "Account of the Trial of Robert Southwell." Quoted in Caraman's "The Other Face", page 230.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Southwell: I am decayed in memory with long and close imprisonment, and I have been tortured ten times. I had rather have endured ten executions. I speak not this for myself, but for others; that they may not be handled so inhumanely, to drive men to desperation, if it were possible.Topcliffe: If he were racked, let me die for it.Southwell: No; but it was as evil a torture, or late device.Topcliffe: I did but set him against a wall.Southwell: Thou art a bad man.Topcliffe: I would blow you all to dust if I could.Southwell: What, all?Topcliffe: Ay, all.Southwell: What, soul and body too? At his Trial

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Not where I breathe, but where I love, I live" on the outside of The DeNaples Center at the Jesuit University of Scranton. Longer version: "Not where I breathe, but where I love, I live; / Not where I love, but where I am, I die."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hoist up saile while gale doth last,Tide and wind stay no man's pleasure."—from "St. Peter's Complaint. 1595."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "May never was the month of love, For May is full of flowers; But rather April, wet by kind, For love is full of showers."—from "Love's Servile Lot"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My mind to me an empire is, While grace affordeth health."—from "Look Home"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O dying souls, behold your living spring; O dazzled eyes, behold your sun of grace; Dull ears, attend what word this Word doth bring; Up, heavy hearts, with joy your joy embrace. From death, from dark, from deafness, from despair: This life, this light, this Word, this joy repairs."—from "The Nativity of Christ"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A poet, a lover and a liar are by many reckoned but three words with one signification." – from "The author to his loving cousin," published with "St. Peter's Complaint." 1595.

paragraph: Section::::Works cited.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu, Anglia 14, fol. 80, under date 1578

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bishop Challoner. "Memoirs of Missionary Priests and other Catholics of both sexes that have Suffered Death in England on Religious Accounts from the year 1577 to 1684" (Manchester, 1803) vol. I, p. 175ff.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Nancy P. "Southwell, Robert [St Robert Southwell] (1561–1595),writer, Jesuit, and martyr" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Encyclopædia Britannica. "Southwell, Robert". 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Janelle, Pierre. "Robert Southwell, The Writer: A Study in Religious Inspiration." Mamaroneck, NY: Paul P. Appel, 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jokinen, Anniina. "The Works of Robert Southwell". 9 Oct 1997. 26 Sep 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Robert Southwell (c. 1561–1595)". 2003. MasterFILE Premier

paragraph: BULLET::::- F.W.Brownlow. "Robert Southwell." Twayne Publishers, 1996.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Klause. "Shakespeare, the Earl, and the Jesuit". Madison & Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2008.

paragraph: Attribution:

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Martz. "The Poetry of Meditation: A Study in English Religious Literature of the Seventeenth Century". New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scott R. Pilarz. "Robert Southwell, and the Mission of Literature, 1561–1595: Writing Reconciliation." Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert Southwell, "Hořící dítě a jiné básně", Josef Hrdlička (translat.), Refugium, Olomouc 2008.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "St. Robert Southwell: Collected Poems." Ed. Peter Davidson and Anne Sweeney. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ceri Sullivan, "Dismembered Rhetoric. English Recusant Writing, 1580–1603." Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Sweeney, "Robert Southwell. Snow in Arcadia: Redrawing the English Lyric Landscape, 1586–95". Manchester University Press, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Whalley, "The Life and Martyrdom of Robert Southwell." Radio Script. 135-minute dramatic feature. CBC Radio "Tuesday Night" 29 June 1971. Produced by John Reeves.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Cambridge History of English and American Literature

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Poems of Robert Southwell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete Poems of Robert Southwell, Grosart edition, 1872.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The complete works of R. Southwell : with life and death (1876)

paragraph: BULLET::::- A foure-fould meditation, of the foure last things (1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The prose works of Robert Southwell. Ed. by W.J. Walter (1828)

description: English Jesuit

enwikiquote_title: Robert Southwell

wikidata_label: Robert Southwell

wikipedia_title: Robert Southwell (Jesuit)


text:
Jin
Liu Song
Six dynasties period
Tang dynasty
Northern Song dynasty
Su Shi
Fields and Gardens poetry
Eastern Jin
eremitic
asceticism
Eastern Jin
Tao Kan
Jiujiang, Jiangxi
Yuan Xingpei
Mount Lu
Poyang Lake
Yangzi
Jiankang
Six Dynasties
Nanjing
Jin
pastoral
Tang Dynasty
Li Bai
Du Fu
Han poetry
Jian'an poetry
Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
Six dynasties poetry
yuefu
Music Bureau
Zhang Heng
Classical Chinese poetry form
"fu", or "rhapsody" style
shi
Tang poetry
"gushi", or "old-style verse"
Chinese painting
Beat poetry
Arthur Waley
Tang
Song
Du Fu
prose
Peach Blossom Spring
Chinese
utopia
Cao Zhi
Xie Lingyun
Li Bai
Du Fu
Huang Tingjian
Lin Yutang
David Hinton
Copper Canyon Press
Classical Chinese poetry
Fields and Gardens poetry
History of Jiangxi
Six Dynasties poetry
Hinton, David
"Tao Yuanming"
Encyclopedia of China
Watson, Burton
Yip, Wai-lim
Collected Works of Tao Yuanming
World Digital Library
web page accompanying Cai 2008
web page accompanying Cui 2012
Tao Yuanming Poems

categories: Poets from Jiangxi,Politicians from Jiujiang,Liu Song poets,Jin dynasty (265–420) poets,5th-century Chinese poets,427 deaths,4th-century Chinese poets,365 births

paragraph: Tao Yuanming

paragraph: Tao Yuanming (365?–427), also known as Tao Qian (Hanyu Pinyin) or T'ao Ch'ien (Wade-Giles), was a Chinese poet who lived during the Eastern Jin (317-420) and Liu Song (420-479) dynasties. He is considered to be one of the greatest poets of the Six dynasties period. Tao Yuanming spent most of his life in reclusion, living in a small house in the countryside, reading, drinking wine, receiving the occasional guest, and writing poems in which he often reflected on the pleasures and difficulties of life in the countryside, as well as his decision to withdraw from civil service. His simple, direct, and unmannered style was at odds with the norms for literary writing in his time. Although he was relatively well-known as a recluse poet in the Tang dynasty (618-907), it was not until the Northern Song dynasty (960-1127), when influential literati figures such as Su Shi (1037-1101) declared him a paragon of authenticity and spontaneity in poetry, that Tao Yuanming would achieve lasting literary fame. He is also regarded as the foremost representative of what would latter be known as Fields and Gardens poetry, a style of landscape poetry that found inspiration in the beauty and serenity of the natural world close at hand.

paragraph: Section::::Names.

paragraph: In the middle of his life, Tao changed his name (keeping his family name) from Tao Yuanming () to Tao Qian (). "Master of the Five Willows", which he used when quite young, seems to be a soubriquet of his own invention. There is a surviving autobiographical essay from his youth in which Tao Yuanming uses "Five Willows" to allude to himself. After this, Tao refers to himself in his earlier writings as "Yuanming"; however; it is thought that with the demise of the Eastern Jin dynasty in 420, that he began to refer to himself as "Qian", meaning "hiding", as a signification of his final withdrawal into the quiet life in the country and his decision to avoid any further participation in the political scene. "Tao Qian" could also be translated "Recluse Tao". However, this in no way implies an eremitic lifestyle or extreme asceticism; rather a comfortable dwelling, with family, friends, neighbors, musical instruments, wine, a nice library, and the beautiful scenery of a mountain farm were Tao Qian's compensation for giving up on the lifestyle of Tao Yuanming, government servant.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Tao Yuanming's great-grandfather was the eminent Eastern Jin general and governor, Tao Kan (259-334), and his grandfather and father also both served as government officials. However, the family circumstances into which Tao Yuanming was born were only those of moderate poverty and lack of much political influence.

paragraph: Tao Yuanming is generally believed to have been born in the year 365 CE in Chaisang (柴桑) (modern Jiujiang, Jiangxi), an area of great natural beauty. However, there is some uncertainty regarding this date, and the Chinese scholar Yuan Xingpei has argued that Tao was actually born in 352. The name of his ancestral village, "Chaisang", literally means "Mulberry-Bramble". Nearby sights included Mount Lu, Poyang Lake (then known as P'eng-li), as well as a good selection of nature's features located in the immediate vicinity of Chaisang.

paragraph: Tao Yuanming ended up serving more than ten years in government service, personally involved with the sordid political scene of the times. He served in both civil and military capacities, which included making several trips down the Yangzi to the capital Jiankang, then a thriving metropolis, and the center of power during the Six Dynasties. The ruins of the old Jiankang walls can still be found in the modern municipal region of Nanjing. During this period, Tao Yuanming's poems begin to indicate that he was becoming torn between ambition and a desire to retreat into solitude.

paragraph: Tao Yuanming had five sons.

paragraph: In the Spring of 405, Tao Yuanming was serving in the army, as aide-de-camp to the local commanding officer. The death of his sister together with his disgust at the corruption and infighting of the Jin Court prompted him to resign. As he himself put it, he would not """bow like a servant in return for five bushels of grain" 為五斗米折腰, a saying which has entered common usage meaning ""swallowing one's pride in exchange for a meager existence"" (the 'Five bushels of grain' being the specified salary of certain low-rank officials). For the last 22 years of his life, he lived in retirement.

paragraph: Tao Qian died in 427, probably at the age of 63. If, however, he was in fact born in 352, he would instead have been 76 years old when he died.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Approximately 130 of his works survive: mostly poems or essays which depict an idyllic pastoral life of farming and drinking.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Poetry.

paragraph: Because his poems depict a life of farming and of drinking his home made wine, he would later be termed "Poet of the Fields". In Tao Yuanming's poems can be found superlative examples of the theme which urges its audience to drop out of official life, move to the country, and take up a cultivated life of wine, poetry, and avoiding people with whom friendship would be unsuitable, but in Tao's case this went along with actually engaging in farming. Tao's poetry also shows an inclination to fulfillment of duty, such as feeding his family. Tao's simple and plain style of expression, reflecting his back-to-basics lifestyle, first became better known as he achieved local fame as a hermit. This was followed gradually by recognition in major anthologies. By the Tang Dynasty, Tao was elevated to greatness as a poet's poet, revered by Li Bai and Du Fu.

paragraph: Han poetry, Jian'an poetry, the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, and the other earlier Six dynasties poetry foreshadowed some of Tao's particular symbolism and the general "returning home to the country" theme, and also somewhat separately show precursory in evolving of poetic form, based on the "yuefu" style which traces its origin to the Han dynasty Music Bureau. An example given of the thematic evolution of one of Tao's poetic themes is Zhang Heng's "Return to the Field", written in the Classical Chinese poetry form known as the "fu", or "rhapsody" style, but Tao's own poetry (including his own "Return to the Field" poem) tends to be known for its use of the more purely poetic "shi" which developed as a regular line length form from the "literary yuefu" of the Jian'an and foreshadows the verse forms favored in Tang poetry, such as "gushi", or "old-style verse". Tao's poems, prose and their combination of form and theme into his own style broke new ground and became a fondly relied upon historical landmark. Much subsequent Chinese painting and literature would require no more than the mention or image of chrysanthemums by the eastern fence to call to mind Tao Yuanming's life and poetry. Later, his poetry and the particular motifs which Tao Yuanming exemplified would prove to importantly influence the innovations of Beat poetry and the 1960s poetry of the United States and Europe. Both in the 20th century and subsequently, Tao Yuanming has come to occupy a position as one of the select group of great world poets.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Poetry.:Poems.

paragraph: The following is an extract from one of his poems ("Written on the Ninth Day of the Ninth Month of the Year "yi-yu""), A.D. 409:

paragraph: Another of Tao's poems is titled "I built my hut in a zone of human habitation", as translated by Arthur Waley, in "A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems" (Alfred A. Knopf, 1919):

paragraph: poem

paragraph: Yet near me there sounds no noise of horse or coach.

paragraph: Would you know how that is possible?

paragraph: A heart that is distant creates a wilderness round it.

paragraph: I pluck chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge,

paragraph: Then gaze long at the distant summer hills.

paragraph: The mountain air is fresh at the dusk of day:

paragraph: The flying birds two by two return.

paragraph: In these things there lies a deep meaning;

paragraph: Yet when we would express it, words suddenly fail us.

paragraph: /poem

paragraph: Another, from the same source is "Returning to the Fields" (alternatively translated by others as "Return to the Field"):

paragraph: poem

paragraph: My only love was for the hills and mountains.

paragraph: Unwitting I fell into the Web of the World's dust

paragraph: And was not free until my thirtieth year.

paragraph: The migrant bird longs for the old wood:

paragraph: The fish in the tank thinks of its native pool.

paragraph: I had rescued from wildness a patch of the Southern Moor

paragraph: And, still rustic, I returned to field and garden.

paragraph: My ground covers no more than ten acres:

paragraph: My thatched cottage has eight or nine rooms.

paragraph: Elms and willows cluster by the eaves:

paragraph: Peach trees and plum trees grow before the hall.

paragraph: Hazy, hazy the distant hamlets of men.

paragraph: Steady the smoke of the half-deserted village,

paragraph: A dog barks somewhere in the deep lanes,

paragraph: A cock crows at the top of the mulberry tree.

paragraph: At gate and courtyard—no murmur of the World's dust:

paragraph: In the empty rooms—leisure and deep stillness.

paragraph: Long I lived checked by the bars of a cage:

paragraph: Now I have turned again to Nature and Freedom.

paragraph: /poem

paragraph: Tao's poems greatly influenced the ensuing poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties. A great admirer of Tao, Du Fu wrote a poem "Oh, Such a Shame" of life in the countryside:

paragraph: Section::::Works.:"Peach Blossom Spring".

paragraph: Aside from his poems, Tao is also known for his short, influential, and intriguing prose depiction of a land hidden from the outside world called ""Peach Blossom Spring"" (桃花源記). The name "Peach Blossom Spring" (桃花源 "Tao Hua Yuan") has since become the standard Chinese term for 'utopia'.Recently, in September of 2018, Johnson K. Gao composed a song for the poem "Peach Blossom Spring" and published at https://www.sheetmusicplus.com/title/peach-spring-wonderland-digital-sheet-music/20800995?ac=1.

paragraph: Section::::Critical appraisal.

paragraph: Zhong Rong 鍾嶸 (468-518) described Yuanming's literary style as "spare and limpid, with scarcely a surplus word." In 詩品 ("Poetry Gradings"), Zhong Rong wrote:

paragraph: Su Shi (1037–1101), one of the major poets of the Song era, said that the only poet he was particularly fond of was Yuanming, who "deeply impressed [him] by what he was as a man." Su Shi exalted Yuanming's "unadorned and yet beautiful, spare and yet ample" poems, and even asserted that "neither Cao Zhi, Liu Zhen, Bao Zhao, Xie Lingyun, Li Bai, nor Du Fu achieves his stature".

paragraph: Huang Tingjian (1045–1105), one of the Four Masters of the Song Dynasty and a younger friend of Su Shi, said, "“When you’ve just come of age, reading these poems seems like gnawing on withered wood. But reading them after long experience in the world, it seems the decisions of your life were all made in ignorance.”

paragraph: Lin Yutang (1895–1976) considered Yuanming the perfect example of "the true lover of life". He praised the harmony and simplicity in Yuanming's life as well as in his style, and claimed that he "represents the most perfectly harmonious and well-rounded character in the entire Chinese literary tradition."

paragraph: In "Great lives from history" (1988), Frank Northen Magill highlights the "candid beauty" of Yuanming's poetry, stating that the "freshness of his images, his homespun but Heaven-aspiring morality, and his steadfast love of rural life shine through the deceptively humble words in which they are expressed, and as a consequence he has long been regarded one of China's most accomplished and accessible poets." He also discusses what makes Yuanming unique as a poet, and why his works were perhaps overlooked by his contemporaries:

paragraph: Section::::Gallery.

paragraph: Tao Yuanming has inspired not only generations of poets, but also painters and other artists.

paragraph: Section::::Translation.

paragraph: Section::::Translation.:Editions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meng Erdong ed. "Tao Yuanming Ji Yi Zhu" .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wu Zheshun ed. "Tao Yuanming Ji"

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Hinton (translator). "The Selected Poems of T'ao Ch'ien" (Copper Canyon Press, 1993) .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl-Heinz Pohl (translator). "Der Pfirsichbluetenquell" (Bochum University Press, 2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davis, A.R. "T'ao Yuan-ming" (Hong Kong, 1983) 2 vols.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Acker (translator). "T'ao the Hermit: Sixty Poems by T'ao Ch'ien, 365-427" (London & New York: Thames and Hudson, 1952)

paragraph: Section::::Translation.:Commentary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ashmore, Robert. "The Transport of Reading: Text and Understanding in the World of Tao Qian (365–427)" (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hightower, James R. "Poetry of T'ao Ch'ien" .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Xiaofei Tian. "Tao Yuanming and Manuscript Culture: The Record of a Dusty Table" .

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classical Chinese poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fields and Gardens poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Jiangxi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Six Dynasties poetry

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cai, Zong-qi, ed. (2008). "How to Read Chinese Poetry: A Guided Anthology". New York: Columbia University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chang, H. C. (1977). "Chinese Literature 2: Nature Poetry". (New York: Columbia University Press).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cui, Jie and Zong-qi Cai (2012). "How to Read Chinese Poetry Workbook". New York: Columbia University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davis, A. R. (Albert Richard), Editor and Introduction,(1970), "The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse". (Baltimore: Penguin Books).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hinton, David (2008). "Classical Chinese Poetry: An Anthology". New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. / .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Holzman, Donald. "A Dialogue with the Ancients: Tao Qian's Interrogation of Confucius" in Scott Pearce, Audrey Spiro, Patricia Ebrey (eds.), "Culture and Power in the Reconstitution of the Chinese Realm, 200-600". Harward, 2001:75-98.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liao, Zhongan, "Tao Yuanming". "Encyclopedia of China" (Chinese Literature Edition), 1st ed.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watson, Burton (1971). "CHINESE LYRICISM: Shih Poetry from the Second to the Twelfth Century". (New York: Columbia University Press).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yip, Wai-lim (1997). "Chinese Poetry: An Anthology of Major Modes and Genres". (Durham and London: Duke University Press).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collected Works of Tao Yuanming at World Digital Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Columbia University Press web page accompanying Cai 2008 has PDF and MP3 files for four of Tao's poems (6.1-4) and CUP's web page accompanying Cui 2012 includes MP3 files of modern Chinese translations for two of these (P10-11)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tao Yuanming Poems in English

alias:
Yuanming
T'ao Ch'ien
Tao Qian

description: Chinese poet

enwikiquote_title: Tao Yuanming

wikidata_label: Tao Yuanming

wikipedia_title: Tao Yuanming


text:
folk
dyslexia
Frances Black
Tralee
County Kerry
Ireland
dyslexia
Christy Moore
Frances Black
Steptoe & Son
Luka Bloom
Nizlopi
pleural
asbestos

categories: Deaths from mesothelioma,Deaths from cancer in England,1945 births,2007 deaths,Irish male singers,Irish folk singers,20th-century Irish singers,People from Tralee,Musicians from County Kerry

paragraph: Christie Hennessy

paragraph: Christie Hennessy (born Edward Christopher Ross; 19 November 1945 – 11 December 2007) was an Irish folk singer-songwriter. Although Hennessy was unable to read or write due to severe dyslexia, he still wrote his own songs such as "Roll back the Clouds" and "All the lies that you told me". He sang "All the lies that you told me" with his daughter Hermione, but the song was made famous by Frances Black rather than Hennessy and his daughter.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hennessy was born in Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland. His first guitar was made, especially for him, from a tea chest when he was six years old by his friend Jerry Quirke. He left school at the age of eleven and a half.

paragraph: His first job was as a messenger boy, and it was then that he discovered that it was important to be able to read. He was unable to read or write due to severe dyslexia, but still enjoyed his library of books. He later worked on building sites in London.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1972 he released his first record, "The Green Album", on Westwood, a small label. With scant publicity or promotion, the album made little impact and only 500 copies of the record were pressed. Hennessy returned to labouring on building sites in the UK and did not release another album for twenty years. When he did, his 1992 release "The Rehearsal" outsold U2 in Ireland, eventually attaining triple platinum status. His following albums, "A Year in the Life" and "Box" also sold extremely well in Ireland.

paragraph: A renowned songwriter as well as performer, Hennessy wrote several songs that became hits for other singers including "Don't Forget your Shovel", made famous by Christy Moore, and "All the Lies that You Told Me", recorded by Frances Black. He also composed the theme tune and incidental music for the BBC TV series "Get Well Soon" written by Ray Galton (of Steptoe & Son fame) and composed and wrote a musical/feature film about his native Ireland, "Two Stops to Paradise"

paragraph: Hennessy returned to the studio in 2007, one final time to record an album with both Luka Bloom and Christy Moore sharing vocals on one of the tracks.

paragraph: In 2005, Christy Moore's rendition of Hennessy's "Don't Forget Your Shovel" was referenced in a UK Number One single "The JCB Song" by Nizlopi: "And the engine rattles my bum like berserk. While we're singin, 'Don't forget your shovel if you want to go to work!'" It was further referenced in the video for the same song; as the line is sung, the characters in the JCB pass a shop called "Christie's Shovels".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Hennessy died on 11 December 2007 in a London hospice, aged 62. He was reported to have died from pleural mesothelioma, a rare form of lung cancer, which has been attributed to his younger years spent working on building sites in London where he was exposed to asbestos dust. Just before he died he had been touring in Ireland but had to cancel due to the illness. His ashes were buried in Old Rath Cemetery, Tralee. A commemorative statue of Christie was erected in Central Plaza, just off the town square in Tralee in November 2009.

description: Irish singer-songwriter

wikidata_label: Christie Hennessy

wikipedia_title: Christie Hennessy


text:
Greek
Army
lieutenant general
1906 Summer Olympics
1912 Summer Olympics
sport shooter
Nafpaktos
Hellenic Army Academy
Greco-Turkish War of 1897
Balkan Wars
Asia Minor Campaign
1906 Summer Olympics
30 m duelling pistol
20 m duelling pistol
50 m pistol
25 m rapid fire pistol
20 m army pistol (1873 model)
1912 Summer Olympics
Team 50 metre military pistol
Team 30 metre military pistol
30 metre rapid fire pistol
50 metre pistol

categories: Greek male sport shooters,Hellenic Army generals,Olympic gold medalists for Greece,1872 births,Olympic shooters of Greece,Olympic medalists in shooting,Greek military personnel of the Balkan Wars,1969 deaths,Shooters at the 1906 Intercalated Games,ISSF pistol shooters,People from Aetolia-Acarnania,Shooters at the 1912 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Konstantinos Skarlatos

paragraph: Konstantinos Skarlatos (, 17 March 1872 – 1969) was a Greek Army officer who reached the rank of lieutenant general. He also competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics as a sport shooter.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: He was born in 1872 at Vitolista near Nafpaktos. He entered the Hellenic Army Academy and graduated in July 1892 as an artillery second lieutenant. He fought in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, the Balkan Wars and the Asia Minor Campaign. In 1921–1922, he served as Commander of the Army Academy, and retired with the rank of lieutenant general.

paragraph: Section::::Olympic record.

paragraph: Section::::Olympic record.:1906 Athens.

paragraph: In the 1906 Summer Olympics he participated in the following events:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 30 m duelling pistol - first place

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20 m duelling pistol - fourth place

paragraph: BULLET::::- 50 m pistol - fourth place

paragraph: BULLET::::- 25 m rapid fire pistol - 15th place

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20 m army pistol (1873 model) - 17th place

paragraph: Section::::Olympic record.:1912 Stockholm.

paragraph: Six years later at the 1912 Summer Olympics he participated in the following events:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team 50 metre military pistol - fifth place

paragraph: BULLET::::- Team 30 metre military pistol - fifth place

paragraph: BULLET::::- 30 metre rapid fire pistol - 27th place

paragraph: BULLET::::- 50 metre pistol - 30th place

description: Olympic sport shooter

wikidata_label: Konstantinos Skarlatos

wikipedia_title: Konstantinos Skarlatos


text:
Washington, DC
American
soccer
Nigeria
Crystal Palace Baltimore
college soccer
Howard University
Richmond Kickers Future
USL Premier Development League
2006 MLS Supplemental Draft
Chicago Fire
D.C. United
Crystal Palace Baltimore
USL Second Division
Charlotte Eagles

wikipedia_title:
Washington, D.C.
Americans
Association football
Nigeria
Crystal Palace Baltimore
College soccer
Howard University
Richmond Kickers Future
USL League Two
2006 MLS Supplemental Draft
Chicago Fire Soccer Club
D.C. United
Crystal Palace Baltimore
USL Second Division
Charlotte Eagles

categories: USL Second Division players,American soccer players,Richmond Kickers Future players,Howard Bison men's soccer players,USL League Two players,Chicago Fire Soccer Club draft picks,Chicago Fire Soccer Club players,Soccer players from Washington, D.C.,1983 births,Crystal Palace Baltimore players,Living people,African-American soccer players

paragraph: Idris Ughiovhe

paragraph: Idris "Alex" Ughiovhe (born January 27, 1983 in Washington, DC) is an American soccer player of Nigerian heritage who currently plays for Crystal Palace Baltimore in the USSF Second Division.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Youth and college.

paragraph: Ughiovhe played college soccer at Howard University, and for Richmond Kickers Future in the USL Premier Development League,

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Professional.

paragraph: Ughiovhe was drafted in the fourth round 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft by Chicago Fire, played several reserve matches for both Chicago and D.C. United, and was signed to a developmental contract by Fire on September 19, 2006, but was released before he played a game.

paragraph: He signed for Crystal Palace Baltimore in the USL Second Division prior to the team's inaugural 2007 season, and made his professional debut on April 20, 2007 in Baltimore's season-opening 4–1 loss to the Charlotte Eagles.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Crystal Palace Baltimore bio

description: American soccer player

wikidata_label: Idris Ughiovhe

wikipedia_title: Idris Ughiovhe


text:
The Blade of the Courtesans
Vertical Inc

categories: Writers of historical mysteries,Japanese historical novelists,1989 deaths,1923 births,20th-century novelists

paragraph: Keiichiro Ryu

paragraph: Section::::List of novels.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "The Blade of the Courtesans" (, 2008, Vertical Inc)

description: Japanese author

wikidata_label: Keiichiro Ryu

wikipedia_title: Keiichiro Ryu


text:
Edo
Tokugawa shogunate
Imperial Japanese Naval Academy
corvette
lieutenant
Naval Staff College
France
Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
Readiness Fleet
First Sino-Japanese War
Imperial Japanese Army
Order of the Golden Kite
Battle of Port Arthur
Battle of the Yellow Sea
Battle of Tsushima
Yokosuka Naval Arsenal
Kure Naval District
Naval Minister
Siemens scandal
court-martial

categories: People of the First Sino-Japanese War,Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War,1862 births,Imperial Japanese Navy admirals,1927 deaths

paragraph: Matsumoto Kazu

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Matsumoto was born in Edo (now Tokyo) as the younger son of a direct retainer of the Tokugawa shogunate. He graduated in 1880 from the 7th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, ranked 19 out of 30 cadets. He served on a number of ships in the early Imperial Japanese Navy, including the corvettes , , , and . Promoted to lieutenant in 1886, he graduated from the first class of the Naval Staff College in 1888. He was the chief navigator on the cruiser in 1891–1892 on its year-long voyage to France.

paragraph: Matsumoto then served in various postings within the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff after his return to Japan in May 1892, and on the staff of the Readiness Fleet. During the First Sino-Japanese War he was in charge of coordinating transportation for Imperial Japanese Army units and supplies to the Asian continent, winning much praise for his abilities. Although not in a combat command, he was awarded the Order of the Golden Kite, 4th class.

paragraph: In June 1899, Matsumoto received his first command, that of the . He was promoted to captain three months later. He became commanding officer of Itsukushima in October 1903, and was given command of the battleship in September 1903.

paragraph: During the Russo-Japanese War, Matsumoto participated at the Battle of Port Arthur and the Battle of the Yellow Sea. He was captain during the Battle of Tsushima, during which Fuji sank the Russian battleship . After the end of the war, Matsumoto was promoted to rear admiral and became commandant of Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in November 1906 and director of Naval Shipbuilding Command from October 1908. He was promoted to vice admiral in December 1909 and commander of Kure Naval District from December 1913. Matsumoto was widely regarded as the future Naval Minister. However, in the Siemens scandal, he was implicated of taking a bribe for facilitating the procurement of the . He was found guilty at a court-martial in May 1914, stripped of his rank and honors, fined 409,800 Yen and sentenced to three years in prison. After his release, he lived the rest of his life in obscurity.

description: Japanese admiral

wikidata_label: Matsumoto Kazu

wikipedia_title: Matsumoto Kazu


text:
professional baseball
outfielder
Major League Baseball
Los Angeles Dodgers
Atlanta Braves
Pittsburgh Pirates
Baltimore Orioles
World Series
pinch-hit
Del Unser
Pittsburgh drug trials
games played
batting average
runs
doubles
triples
home runs
RBI
walks
on-base percentage
slugging percentage
fielding percentage
Jennifer Lacy
Women's National Basketball Association
List of doping cases in sport

categories: West Palm Beach Tropics players,El Paso Dodgers players,1948 births,Major League Baseball players suspended for drug offenses,Los Angeles Dodgers Legend Bureau,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Atlanta Braves players,Arizona Instructional League Dodgers players,Albuquerque Dodgers players,Baseball players from Texas,Los Angeles Dodgers players,African-American baseball players,Navegantes del Magallanes players,Major League Baseball right fielders,Major League Baseball left fielders,Living people,Naranjeros de Hermosillo players,Bakersfield Dodgers players,Baltimore Orioles players,People from Longview, Texas,Ogden Dodgers players,Baseball players suspended for drug offenses,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Lee Lacy

paragraph: Leondaus "Lee" Lacy (born April 10, 1948) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played sixteen seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Atlanta Braves, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Baltimore Orioles between 1972 and 1987.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Lacy appeared in four World Series with the Dodgers (1974; 1977–1978) and the Pirates (1979).

paragraph: On May 17, 1978, Lacy hit his third consecutive pinch-hit home run, setting a major league record, as the Dodgers beat the Pirates, 10–1. His previous home runs were on May 2 and 6. Lacy's record was matched in 1979 by Del Unser, who hit three consecutive pinch-hit homers on June 30, July 5 and July 10.

paragraph: In 1985, Lacy was among a number of players caught up in the Pittsburgh drug trials scandal. The next year, he was given a 60-day suspension but was allowed to continue playing if he donated five percent of his base salary and performed 50 hours of drug-related community service.

paragraph: On June 8, 1986, as a member of the Orioles, Lacy hit three home runs and had six RBI in an 18-9 win over the Yankees.

paragraph: Section::::Career statistics.

paragraph: In 1523 games played, Lacy recorded a .286 batting average (1303-4549) with 650 runs, 207 doubles, 42 triples, 91 home runs, 458 RBI, 372 walks, .339 on-base percentage, and .410 slugging percentage. His career fielding percentage was .975.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lacy is the father of Jennifer Lacy, a forward for the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of doping cases in sport

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Lee Lacy

wikipedia_title: Lee Lacy