text: record producer

text: DJ

text: pop music

text: Bipp

text: Lemonade

text: Product

text: Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides

text: PC Music

text: GFOTY

text: Madonna

text: Charli XCX

text: Vince Staples

text: Let's Eat Grandma

text: Kim Petras

text: Flume

text: Namie Amuro

text: Glasgow

text: rave

text: Lenny Letter

text: PC Music

text: A. G. Cook

text: Danny L Harle

text: Bipp"/"Elle

text: Numbers

text: "Pitchfork"

text: Kyary Pamyu Pamyu

text: QT

text: energy drink

text: product placement

text: Lemonade"/"Hard

text: GFOTY

text: "Billboard" Twitter Real-Time

text: The Washington Post

text: Resident Advisor

text: Complex

text: Dazed

text: McDonald's

text: Charli XCX

text: Product

text: "Vroom Vroom" EP

text: Hannah Diamond

text: Charli XCX

text: After the Afterparty

text: Lil Yachty

text: Number 1 Angel

text: "Pop 2"

text: Cashmere Cat

text: Love Incredible

text: Fifth Harmony

text: Camila Cabello

text: MØ

text: transgender woman

text: Cecile Believe

text: Triple J

text: Instagram

text: Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides

text: Future Classic

text: Transgressive

text: Lady Gaga

text: Kim Petras

text: Charli XCX

text: Bibi Bourelly

text: 61st Annual Grammy Awards

text: Elektron Monomachine

text: Ableton Live

text: waveform

text: AllMusic

text: surrealist

text: The New York Times

text: The Fader

text: K-Pop

text: J-Pop

text: Eurodance

text: boyband

text: Billboard

text: Boiler Room

text: "body safe silicone product"

text: Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides

text: Product

categories: Scottish record producers,Transgender and transsexual artists,LGBT singers,LGBT musicians from Scotland,Women in electronic music,Scottish singer-songwriters,Scottish expatriates in the United States,Singers from Los Angeles,Scottish electronic musicians,1986 births,Transgender and transsexual women musicians,21st-century women singers,LGBT songwriters,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people,21st-century Scottish singers

paragraph: Sophie (musician)

paragraph: Sophie Xeon (born 17 September 1986), known as Sophie (stylised as SOPHIE), is a record producer, singer, songwriter, and DJ. Xeon is known for her synthesised and "hyperkinetic" take on pop music, and came to prominence with singles such as "Bipp" (2013) and "Lemonade" (2014). Her compilation "Product" was released in 2015, and the debut album "Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides" followed in 2018. The latter earned her a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronic Album. Xeon has worked closely with artists from the PC Music label, including A.G. Cook and GFOTY, and has produced for acts such as Madonna, Charli XCX, Vince Staples, Let's Eat Grandma, Kim Petras, Flume and Namie Amuro.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Origins and early years.

paragraph: Sophie was born and grew up in Glasgow, Scotland. Starting at a very young age, her father would play cassettes of electronic music in the car and take her to raves, and she quickly became enamoured with the music. Describing her childhood in an interview published by Lenny Letter, she revealed, "I spent all my time listening to those cassette tapes. I'd steal them from the car." After receiving a keyboard as a birthday gift, she then began to create her own music. By the time she was approximately nine or ten years old, she confessed to her parents that she wanted to drop out of school to be an electronic music producer (although they did not let her do so and she continued her schooling). She continued to create music throughout her adolescence, even regularly announcing, "I'm just going to lock myself in my room until I've made an album." When Sophie was still a child, she started to DJ weddings and birthdays. Her half-sister asked Sophie to DJ her wedding, as Sophie admitted that her half-sister "didn't know what I was doing in my room on my own" and had assumed she was a DJ. This was when she started learning to DJ in addition to production.

paragraph: Sophie began her adult music career in a band named Motherland (with bandmates Sabine Gottfried, Matthew Lutz-Kinoy, and Marcella Dvsi), and later collaborated with her bandmate Matthew Lutz-Kinoy on a series of performance works. In 2011, she scored the short film "Dear Mr/Mrs" by Dutch team Freudenthal/Verhagen. Sophie became involved with artists affiliated with the PC Music label after encountering Dux Kidz, a project between A. G. Cook and Danny L Harle.

paragraph: Sophie released her debut single "Nothing More to Say" in February 2013 via the London-based Glaswegian label Huntleys + Palmers. The single comprised two mixes of the titular track (titled the "Dub" and "Vox"), as well as the B-side, "Eeehhh", which was initially posted on (and later deleted from) Sophie's SoundCloud in 2011. Its follow-up, "Bipp"/"Elle"—which had been released on SoundCloud as previews in the previous year along with a third track "OOH"—was released on Numbers later that year. "Bipp" in particular, featuring vocals from Sophie's former Motherland bandmate Marcella Dvsi, received considerable attention from music critics, topping "XLR8R"s year-end list and placing 17 on "Pitchfork"'s. "Pitchfork" later ranked "Bipp" 56 on its list of the best tracks from 2010–2014. In mid-2014, Sophie collaborated with Japanese pop singer Kyary Pamyu Pamyu. Also in 2014, Sophie collaborated with A. G. Cook and the US-based artist Hayden Dunham for the project QT, co-producing her debut single "Hey QT" with the former. The project included an energy drink called the QT Energy Elixir. At the singer's request, "Hey QT" repeats the drink's name for product placement.

paragraph: Sophie's next single, "Lemonade"/"Hard", was released in August 2014, with vocal contributions on the former from fellow musician Nabihah Iqbal and model Tess Yopp and vocal contributions on the latter from PC Music artist GFOTY. Numbers released "Lemonade"/"Hard" as a 12" single. Both tracks appeared on the "Billboard" Twitter Real-Time charts. "Lemonade" and "Hard" placed 68th and 91st respectively on the 2014 Pazz & Jop critics poll, and the single was included in the top ten of year-end singles lists by "The Washington Post", "Resident Advisor", "Complex", and "Pitchfork"; "Hard" was included in the top ten on lists by "Dazed" and "Dummy". "Lemonade" appeared in a 2015 commercial for McDonald's.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2015–2017: "Product" and breakthrough.

paragraph: In March 2015, Charli XCX announced a collaboration with Sophie. It was later revealed that the pair had worked on multiple songs for her upcoming studio album. In September 2015, Sophie's debut album "Product" was made available for preorder. The eight tracks listed were the four Numbers singles from 2013 and 2014, as well as four new tracks: "MSMSMSM", "Vyzee", "L.O.V.E.", and "Just Like We Never Said Goodbye". "MSMSMSM" was released on 29 September, and "Just Like We Never Said Goodbye" followed on 15 October.

paragraph: In February 2016, Charli XCX released her "Vroom Vroom" EP, produced primarily by Sophie. It was later revealed that the extended play would act as a teaser for XCX's upcoming album, which would be produced by Sophie. After the extended play's release, Sophie embarked on tour with Charli XCX in promotion of their new music. Sophie, along with A. G. Cook and Hannah Diamond, also involved with the EP, received cameos in the official video for the lead single, "Vroom Vroom". The video was premiered on Apple Music and other platforms soon after.

paragraph: In late 2016, Sophie acted as an additional producer on Charli XCX's song "After the Afterparty", which features vocals from Lil Yachty. The song is the first single from XCX's upcoming third studio album. Sophie cameos in the single's official music video. Sophie also received production credits for two songs on XCX's 2017 mixtape "Number 1 Angel", and another for one song on XCX's second mixtape of 2017, "Pop 2" which was released later that year.

paragraph: In January 2017, it was announced that Sophie was working with record producer Cashmere Cat. She appears on "Love Incredible", alongside former Fifth Harmony member Camila Cabello, and "9 (After Coachella)" with MØ.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2017–present: "Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides".

paragraph: In October 2017, Sophie made her solo musical comeback with a new single, "It's Okay to Cry", the first new material she released in almost two years. The music video for the song was the first time she used her voice and image in her work. She subsequently opened up to the press about being a transgender woman. Later in the month, she also made her debut live performance, where she premiered newly-recorded songs from her second album with vocal performances by Cecile Believe. One of the songs, "Ponyboy", premiered on Australian radio station Triple J, and the song was released with a self-directed music video on 7 December 2017. The third single from the album, "Faceshopping", was released on 16 February 2018 with a music video on 4 April 2018.

paragraph: On 3 April 2018, Sophie announced via Instagram that her album was complete, and that it is not titled "Whole New World" as previously thought. On 1 May 2018, an interview with "Crack Magazine" revealed that the official album title is "Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides". It was released on 15 June 2018 by her own label, MSMSMSM, along with Future Classic and Transgressive. In early 2018, she revealed in a tweet that she contributed to and produced Lady Gaga's latest album. In a video posted up on social media, when asked, she said: "Yes. I mean whatever, you know. I work on a lot of different things. If it comes out, then it's cool. You can never tell. But she's a really cool person."

paragraph: In July 2018, she revealed that she has worked on four new projects, including her newly-released debut album, which are all going to be released this year. She said, "I have the next one finished... I'm going to release four albums this year". She has even stated in an interview with Lenny Letter that she has done so much collaborating with other people that, "Basically, I've done a whole new album in the last two weeks." When asked to clarify whether she meant EPs or albums, she stated that it would be "a mix". Additionally, she has also been working with Kim Petras, Charli XCX and Bibi Bourelly on new material within the year, as well as some rap collaborations in addition to the confirmed Lady Gaga collaboration.

paragraph: During a red carpet interview at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, Sophie confirmed that she is working on a remix album on alternative versions of her Grammy-nominated debut album "Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides". She had been nominated for Best Dance/Electronic Album, and has made history as both one of the first openly transgender artists to be nominated in this category and one of the three first openly transgender women to be nominated for a Grammy.

paragraph: In July 2019, the aforementioned remix album was announced as part of an exclusive 3 CD set that includes the original "Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides" album as well as a clutch bag featuring its artwork. The remix album was later released as a "non-stop" mix on YouTube on 29 July.

paragraph: Section::::Sound and image.

paragraph: Sophie primarily uses the Elektron Monomachine and Ableton Live to create music. Instead of sampling, instrumentals are built from waveforms. Likening the construction of a track to building a sculpture out of different materials, Sophie uses the Monomachine to create sounds resembling "latex, balloons, bubbles, metal, plastic, [and] elastic." AllMusic wrote that Sophie's "sophisticated, hyperkinetic productions" feature a "surrealist, blatantly artificial quality", typically making use of high-pitched female vocals in addition to "sugary synthesizer textures, and beats drawing from underground dance music styles." "The New York Times" described Sophie's work as "giddy fun, but [...] also an invitation to consider pop's pleasures, structures and gender expectations, and pop's commercial status as both a consumer item and an emotional catalyst." "The Fader" likened it to "K-Pop, J-Pop, Eurodance at its most chaotic, and even turn of the millennium American/UK boybandisms." When "Billboard" asked Sophie what genre her music falls under, she replied "advertising".

paragraph: Sophie remained anonymous for some time, concealing her identity in interviews by masking her voice or covering parts of herself. At one Boiler Room show, drag performer Ben Woozy was recruited to mime a DJ set while Sophie pretended to be a bodyguard. She stated that she decided on the moniker Sophie because "it tastes good and it's like moisturizer". Sophie's early visuals came from a series of colourful images she refers to as "Homemade Molecular Cooking". Her singles' cover art often depicts objects made from plastic or other industrial materials, an idea that originated from discussions with John Roberts, a fellow electronic musician. At the POPcube event, Sophie unveiled posters and postcards outlining the products to be offered through her online store, which included a set of wedge heels, a puffa jacket, and unique sunglasses. Although these products were offered for sale when the album was released, they were immediately sold out except for a "body safe silicone product" bundled with a special edition album, raising suspicions that these auxiliary products were never real.

paragraph: The music video for her 2017 single, "It's Okay to Cry", marked the first time she had used her own voice and image in her work. In the video, Sophie appears on camera unobscured for the first time, against a backdrop of clouds and later stars. The video closes with a lightning storm that hits at the song's climax.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Compilation albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Product" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Remix albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides — Non Stop Remix Album" (2019)

alias:
Sophie Xeon
Sophie Long
Samuel Long

description: Scottish musician and producer

wikidata_label: SOPHIE

wikipedia_title: Sophie (musician)


text:
underground film
Jonas Mekas
the Film-Makers' Cooperative
Robert Frank
Allen Ginsberg
Salvador Dalí
Ron Rice
Jerry Jofen
Jack Smith
Andy Warhol
Gerard Malanga
Flaming Creatures
P. Adams Sitney
superimposition
Jerry Jofen
Gregory Markopoulos
John Cale
Tony Conrad
Arthur Rimbaud
Film Culture
Ken Jacobs
Screen Tests
Piero Heliczer
Edie Sedgwick
the Velvet Underground
Exploding Plastic Inevitable
International Poetry Incarnation
Bob Dylan
Bringing It All Back Home
Harry Smith
Shirley Clarke
Storm de Hirsch
Lou Reed
Ed Sanders
Walden
Chuck Smith

wikipedia_title:
Underground film
Jonas Mekas
The Film-Makers' Cooperative
Robert Frank
Allen Ginsberg
Salvador Dalí
Ron Rice
Jerry Jofen
Jack Smith (film director)
Andy Warhol
Gerard Malanga
Flaming Creatures
P. Adams Sitney
Superimposition
Jerry Jofen
Gregory Markopoulos
John Cale
Tony Conrad
Arthur Rimbaud
Film Culture
Ken Jacobs
Screen Tests
Piero Heliczer
Edie Sedgwick
The Velvet Underground
Exploding Plastic Inevitable
International Poetry Incarnation
Bob Dylan
Bringing It All Back Home
Harry Everett Smith
Shirley Clarke
Storm de Hirsch
Lou Reed
Ed Sanders
Walden (film)
Chuck Smith (filmmaker)

categories: American experimental filmmakers,1980 deaths,People from Cambria Heights, Queens,Date of birth missing,1945 births,Infectious disease deaths in France,Performance art in New York City

paragraph: Barbara Rubin

paragraph: Barbara Rubin (1945–1980) was an American filmmaker and performance artist. She is best known for her landmark 1963 underground film, "Christmas on Earth".

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Barbara Rubin grew up in the Cambria Heights neighborhood of Queens, New York City. In the spring of 1963, she was hired by Jonas Mekas to work for the Film-Makers' Cooperative, a non-profit organization co-founded by several artists to distribute avant-garde films. The cooperative was frequented by many notable artists, including Robert Frank, Allen Ginsberg, Salvador Dalí, Ron Rice, Jerry Jofen, Jack Smith, and Andy Warhol. Rubin soon became indispensable to Mekas, organizing local and international events. "Her contributions are so many and different," Mekas said in 2003. "...Her life story still has to be written because she was very, I think, important."

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Christmas on Earth.

paragraph: Originally titled "Cocks and Cunts", "Christmas on Earth" features several painted and masked performers engaging in a variety of gay and straight sexual acts. The film's two separate black-and-white reels are projected simultaneously, one inside the other, with color filters placed on the projector lens, and, originally, an ad hoc soundtrack of contemporary rock radio. Performers included, among others, the underground star Gerard Malanga. The 29-minute film was inspired by Jack Smith's "Flaming Creatures", over which Rubin clashed with censors alongside Mekas and P. Adams Sitney. Rubin's use of superimposition, and her decision to slice the original footage into "dynamic fragments," may have been influenced by the films of Jerry Jofen and Gregory Markopoulos. Rubin described her editing process as follows:

paragraph: Rubin, only 18 when she began filming in 1963, shot the film using a borrowed 16mm Bolex camera, in New York City, in the Ludlow Street apartment of John Cale and Tony Conrad.

paragraph: The title derives from Arthur Rimbaud's "Morning" from the extended poem "A Season in Hell":

paragraph: The film has been described by critics as "among the most radical ever made"; "far and away the most sexually explicit film produced by the pre-porn underground"; and "an essential document of queer and feminist cinema."

paragraph: Due to its explicit nature, the New York City police tried to suppress the film; for a time during the mid-1960s Rubin habitually carried her one copy around with her for safekeeping. Allen Ginsberg was so impressed by "Christmas on Earth" he initiated an affair with Rubin after seeing it for the first time. Jonas Mekas praised it in "Film Culture": "The first shock changes into silence then is transposed into amazement. We have seldom seen such down-to-body beauty, so real as only beauty (man) can be: terrible beauty that man, that woman is..." Others have dismissed the film as amateurish, and filmmaker Ken Jacobs called it "dreck."

paragraph: After only a few screenings in the sixties, Rubin asked Mekas to destroy the film; instead, he shelved it. Years later she had another change of heart and gave him permission to screen it. "Since 1983, it has been screened regularly," wrote Johan Kugelberg, "and is slowly but steadily taking its place in the canon of 1960s underground films and cultural milestones that unraveled American censorship law and opened the field for artistic studies of sexual narratives."

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Collaboration with Andy Warhol.

paragraph: Rubin, according to Andy Warhol, "was one of the first people to get multimedia interest going around New York." Although young, she had been working with Mekas for some time when she met Warhol, and brought ideas and experience to their collaboration. Christopher Mele wrote, "Experimental filmmakers Barbara Rubin and Andy Warhol utilized technologies such as multiple screens, slides, and projectors, and integrated other media, such as sculpture, music, and lighting to create a total experience that varied each night."

paragraph: In 1965 Rubin was the subject of one of Warhol's "Screen Tests" (filmed by Gerard Malanga). That same year she appeared in Piero Heliczer's underground film, "Dirt", with Warhol, Edie Sedgwick, and others. She also appeared in Heliczer's "Venus in Furs", along with the Velvet Underground, and was included in a CBS news segment about the film titled "The Making of an Underground Film." More famously, it was Rubin who first introduced the Velvet Underground to Warhol, through Malanga, in December 1965.

paragraph: A few weeks later, Rubin took part in a headline-making Warhol performance at a psychiatrists' convention:

paragraph: Later that year Rubin, dressed as a nun, projected "Christmas on Earth" onto the performing Velvet Underground as part of Andy Warhol Up-Tight and the Exploding Plastic Inevitable multimedia performances, accompanying the EPI on the road.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Other work.

paragraph: More than just a filmmaker, Rubin was known for her dynamic personality and her knack for artistic matchmaking. It was Rubin who organized the International Poetry Incarnation at the Albert Hall in London in 1965 and in 1967 persuaded Allen Ginsberg to buy the East Hill Farm as a haven for poets. She helped nurse her friend Bob Dylan back to health after his motorcycle accident in 1966, and appears on the back cover of his album "Bringing It All Back Home". She organized a two-week multimedia festival, "Caterpillar Changes," at the Filmmakers Cinematheque in 1967, in which films by Harry Smith, Shirley Clarke, Storm de Hirsch and others were projected onto torn sheets and through hanging streamers. "Barbara was the moving force and coordinator between us all," Lou Reed said in a 2012 interview. Ed Sanders, in his review of Gordon Ball's memoir, "66 Frames", called her "the legendary Barbara Rubin, who wandered the era pollinating across the film, poetry, folk-rock, and peacemaking scenes."

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.:Final years.

paragraph: By the early 1970s, Rubin was twice married. The first marriage, to Mordechai Levy, was an arranged one and ended in divorce. The second was to Isaac Besancon, a French painter and follower of the mystical teachings of Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav. Rubin and Besancon first lived in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, in a small community of newly observant artists that included filmmaker and collagist Jerry Jofen and his wife, Ellen Gordon. Rubin later moved with her husband to a religious community in the south of France in 1973. She died of a postnatal infection in France in 1980 after giving birth to her fifth child. She was 35.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: Directed:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Christmas on Earth" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Emunah" (1972)

paragraph: Appears in:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chumlum" (Ron Rice, 1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dirt" (Piero Heliczer, 1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Venus in Furs" (Piero Heliczer, 1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Screen Test" (Andy Warhol, 1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walden" (Jonas Mekas, 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birth of a Nation" (Jonas Mekas, 1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To Barbara Rubin with Love" (Jonas Mekas, 2007)

paragraph: "Barbara Rubin And The Exploding NY Underground", a biographical documentary about Rubin directed by Chuck Smith, was released in 2018.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clip from "Christmas on Earth"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poster for "Caterpillar Changes" festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To Barbara Rubin With Love", a video by Jonas Mekas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Christmas on Earth: Barbara Rubin", an exhibit curated by Johan Kugelberg and Jonas Mekas, December 18 – January 15, 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Queer Coupling, or The Stain of the Bearded Woman" by Ara Osterweil

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Absently Enchanted: The Apocryphal, Ecstatic Cinema of Barbara Rubin" by Ara Osterweil

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Embodying the Spectator – Barbara Rubin's 'Christmas on Earth' and the Pornographic Avant-Garde" by Charles Tuck

paragraph: BULLET::::- , a write-up and review of the film "Barbara Rubin & the Exploding NY Underground" by Chuck Smith

description: American filmmaker

wikidata_label: Barbara Rubin

wikipedia_title: Barbara Rubin


text:
American football
cornerback
college football
Oklahoma
Chicago Bears
Tennessee Titans
high school football
Oklahoma Sooners
Chicago Bears
2013 NFL Draft
Matt Ryan
Detroit Lions
Tennessee Titans
Chicago Bears bio

categories: Oklahoma Sooners football players,African-American players of American football,People from Lancaster, Texas,Chicago Bears players,Players of American football from Texas,American football cornerbacks,1991 births,Living people

paragraph: Demontre Hurst

paragraph: Demontre Hurst (born March 24, 1991) is an American football cornerback. He played college football at Oklahoma and signed with the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He has also played for the Tennessee Titans.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Hurst played high school football for the Lancaster High School . He recorded 75 tackles, three fumble recoveries, one forced fumble, five interceptions and one interception return for a touchdown his senior year.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Hurst played from 2009 to 2012 for the Oklahoma Sooners. He appeared in 53 games with 40 starts over four seasons at Oklahoma and totaled 178 tackles, 10 tackles for loss, two sacks for 17 yards, two interceptions for 104 yards, four forced fumbles, three fumble recoveries, and 33 passes defensed.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Bears.

paragraph: Hurst was signed by the Chicago Bears on April 28, 2013, after going undrafted in the 2013 NFL Draft.

paragraph: On August 31, 2013, Hurst was released by the Bears. On September 4, 2013, Hurst was signed to the Bears' practice squad. On December 11, 2013, Hurst signed a futures contract with the Bears.

paragraph: On September 8, 2014, Hurst was released by the Bears. On September 18, 2014, Hurst was re-signed to the Chicago Bears' 53-man roster. On October 12, 2014, Hurst recorded his first interception of his career, intercepting Matt Ryan in the 4th quarter.

paragraph: On September 19, 2015, Hurst was released by the Bears. On September 22, 2015, Hurst signed to the Chicago Bears' practice squad. On October 7, 2015, Hurst was promoted to the Bears' 53-man roster. On October 19, 2015, Hurst was released by the Bears. On October 21, 2015, Hurst was signed to the Bears' practice squad. On December 12, 2015, Hurst was promoted to the Bears' 53-man roster.

paragraph: On September 3, 2016, Hurst was released by the Bears as part of the final roster cuts. On September 4, 2016, Hurst was signed to the practice squad the next day. On October 8, 2016, Hurst was promoted to the Bears' 53-man roster. On October 10, 2016, Hurst was released by the Bears. On October 12, 2016, Hurst signed to the Bears' practice squad two days later. On October 25, 2016, Hurst was promoted to the active roster. On December 11, 2016, Hurst recorded an interception, his first of the season, against the Detroit Lions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.

paragraph: On April 3, 2017, Hurst signed with the Tennessee Titans. He was waived on September 2, 2017. He was re-signed by the Titans on December 22, 2017. He was waived on December 29, 2017.

paragraph: On February 5, 2018, Hurst re-signed with the Titans. He was released on September 1, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chicago Bears bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Demontre Hurst

wikipedia_title: Demontre Hurst


text:
King Richard III
War of the Roses
William Catesby
Richard Ratcliffe
Henry VII
Battle of Stoke Field
John Lovell, 8th Baron Lovell
John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont
Baron Lovell
Baron Holand
ward
Edward IV of England
Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Baron FitzHugh
Alice Neville
Elizabeth
John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk
Deincourt
Grey of Rotherfield
Bedale
Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Anne Neville
expedition to Scotland
viscount
Lord Protector
Chief Butler
Wallingford Castle
Lord Chamberlain
William Hastings
Knight of the Garter
Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
William Collingbourne
Tudor
St. Paul's Cathedral
heraldic
Laurence Olivier
Richard III
William Shakespeare
Henry Tudor
Milford Haven
Battle of Bosworth Field
Colchester
revolt
Yorkshire
Margaret of York
Flanders
Yorkist
Lambert Simnel
John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln
Ireland
Battle of Stoke Field
James IV
Francis Bacon
Joseph Rawson Lumby
Minster Lovell
Oxfordshire
Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford
Transactions of the Thoroton Society
Gedling
Stoke Bardolph

categories: 1480s deaths,People of the Wars of the Roses,Missing person cases in England,Knights of the Garter,Male Shakespearean characters,15th-century English people,1480s missing person cases,Viscounts in the Peerage of England,1454 births,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell

paragraph: Francis Lovell, 9th Baron Lovell, 6th Baron Holand, later 1st Viscount Lovell (1456 – probably 1487) was an English nobleman who was an ally of King Richard III during the War of the Roses. Sir William Catesby, Sir Richard Ratcliffe and he were among Richard's closest supporters, famously called "the Cat, the Rat and Lovell our dog" in an anti-Ricardian squib. In addition to being an ally, Lovell is attributed as Richard's best friend.

paragraph: Lovell continued the Yorkist resistance into the early years of Henry VII's reign, but his fate is unknown after he disappeared following the final defeat of the Yorkists at the Battle of Stoke Field in 1487.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Francis was the son of John Lovell, 8th Baron Lovell and Joan Beaumont, daughter of John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont. When his father died, the probably eight-year-old Francis inherited the titles of Baron Lovell and Baron Holand. He became a ward of Edward IV of England, who gave him into the charge of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, where Edward's youngest brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester also spent some time. It may have been there that the two young men first formed their close association.

paragraph: By 1466, he was married to Anne FitzHugh, daughter of Henry FitzHugh, 5th Baron FitzHugh. FitzHugh had married the Earl of Warwick's sister Alice Neville and supported Warwick's rebellion against Edward IV in 1470. As the pardon issued to Henry, Lord FitzHugh includes Francis Lovell it can be assumed that Francis lived with his father-in-law at this time. When Edward IV had re-established his rule in 1471, he granted the wardship of Francis Lovell, who was still underage, to his sister Elizabeth and her husband John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk.

paragraph: Upon the death of his paternal grandmother Alice Deincourt in 1474 he inherited a large estate, including the lands of the baronies of Deincourt, Grey of Rotherfield, and the feudal barony of Bedale. He was now one of the wealthiest barons in England not holding an Earldom or Dukedom.

paragraph: Section::::Follower of Richard III.

paragraph: Lovell became a follower of his friend, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, to whom he was also linked through their respective marriages: his wife, Anne FitzHugh was the first cousin of Richard's wife Anne Neville. Lovell served under Richard in the expedition to Scotland in 1481, and was knighted by Richard for it, the same year. After the death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483 he became one of his patron's strongest supporters, though he seems not to have taken an active political part in the proceedings at that time. He had been created a viscount on 4 January 1483, and while still Lord Protector Richard made him Chief Butler and constable of Wallingford Castle.

paragraph: Richard acceded to the throne on 26 June 1483; at his coronation on 6 July 1483, Francis Lovell bore the third sword of state. Lovell was promoted to the office of Lord Chamberlain, replacing the late William Hastings, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1483. Lovell helped in the suppression of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham's rebellion (1483).

paragraph: In July 1484, William Collingbourne, a Tudor agent, tacked up a lampooning poem to St. Paul's Cathedral, which mentions Lovell, whose family's heraldic symbol was a silver wolf, among the three aides to King Richard, whose emblem was a white boar:

paragraph: The poem was interpolated into Laurence Olivier's film "Richard III", a screen adaptation of William Shakespeare's play.

paragraph: Section::::Bosworth and aftermath.

paragraph: In June 1485, Lovell was appointed to guard the south coast to prevent the landing of Henry Tudor. However, Henry Tudor landed in Wales near Milford Haven avoiding the stronger defences of the English south coast. While no chronicle account of the battle mentions Lovell, it seems certain that he fought for Richard at the Battle of Bosworth Field (22 August 1485). Two reports written in the immediate aftermath of the battle list him as among the fallen. In fact, he escaped. After the battle, Lovell fled to sanctuary at Colchester and from there escaped the following year to organise a revolt in Yorkshire that attempted to seize Henry VII. After the failure of this plot, Lovell tried seizing Henry VII in York by himself, and is believed to have been behind an attempted assassination of Henry in York. After the failure of both these attempts, then he first joined fellow rebels at Furness Falls and later fled to Margaret of York in Flanders.

paragraph: As a chief leader of the Yorkist party, Lovell took a prominent part in Lambert Simnel's enterprise. With John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, he accompanied the pretender to Ireland and fought for him at the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487. He was seen escaping from the battle and may have eventually fled to Scotland, where on 19 June 1488 James IV issued a safe conduct to him. There is, however, no indication he ever arrived or lived in Scotland, and no further information about Lovell's fate.

paragraph: Francis Lovell's wife, Anne Fitzhugh, was granted an annuity of £20 in 1489. She was still alive in 1495; the date of her death is not known.

paragraph: Section::::Later reports about his death.

paragraph: Francis Bacon relates that according to one report he lived long after in a cave or vault ("History of Henry VII", p. 37, ed. Joseph Rawson Lumby).

paragraph: More than 200 years later, in 1708, the skeleton of a man was found in a secret chamber in the family mansion at Minster Lovell in Oxfordshire and it was supposed that Lovell had hidden himself there and died of starvation. While this story is very picturesque, it seems unlikely to be true. Francis Lovell had hardly spent any time at Minster Lovell and would not have had a faithful servant there who would hide him for years. Additionally, the manor had been granted to Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, Henry Tudor's uncle, and was therefore hardly an appropriate hiding place for Francis Lovell.

paragraph: In the Nottinghamshire History a reference is made to the "Transactions of the Thoroton Society" and the Society's visit on 30 June 1903 to All Hallows Church, Gedling, Nottinghamshire. It notes that there were only three pre-Reformation sepulchral slabs The third slab, an alabaster one, lies at the south end of the altar-table. A few lines in black wax constitute the remains of an inscription and effigy of a knight of the 15th century. The late Mr. Lawson Lowe, of Chepstow, said in December, 1882, that when he visited the church in 1865, the date could be made out, and he thought the effigy might be that of a knight who fought at the battle of Stoke, near Newark, in 1487. Gedling Church and Stoke Bardolph Castle, the ancestral home of Joan Bardolph who was Francis's great-grandmother, lie just a few miles away from the battlefield of Stoke. It is feasible that Francis attempted to escape across the river at the Fiskerton shallows but was either killed or died later of his wounds, his body being buried under the flagstones in the Gedling Church in order to prevent the certain fate of them being 'hung, drawn and quartered'.

description: English nobleman

wikidata_label: Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell

wikipedia_title: Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell


text: Pennsylvania

text: Continental Army

text: American Revolutionary War

text: Carlisle, Pennsylvania

text: French and Indian War

text: Kittanning Expedition

text: John Armstrong

text: Battle of Bunker Hill

text: Massachusetts

text: 1st Pennsylvania Regiment

text: George Washington

text: Trois-Rivières

text: Thomas McKean

text: George Ross

text: Declaration of Independence

text: Pennsylvania

text: Friendly Sons of St. Patrick

text: Baron Riedesel

text: Thompson Street

text: Vesuvio Playground

text: Cumberland County PA Archives

text: Correspondence with George Washington

categories: 1781 deaths,American people of Irish descent,People of Pennsylvania in the French and Indian War,American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain,1736 births,Continental Army generals,Continental Army officers from Pennsylvania

paragraph: William Thompson (general)

paragraph: William Thompson (July 5, 1736 – September 3, 1781) was a soldier from Pennsylvania who served as a colonel and later brigadier general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

paragraph: Thompson was born in Ireland and emigrated to Carlisle, Pennsylvania. During the French and Indian War, Thompson served as a captain in the Kittanning Expedition under John Armstrong.

paragraph: After news of the Battle of Bunker Hill reached Pennsylvania in 1775, Thompson was appointed colonel of a rifle battalion and was sent to Massachusetts to help in the defense of Boston. His unit was known as Thompson's Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, or the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment. After Thompson's company of Pennsylvania sharpshooters drove back a British

paragraph: landing-party on November 9, 1775, he was made a brigadier-general, to the displeasure of George Washington, who had reservations about Thompson's abilities.

paragraph: Sent to reinforce American troops in Canada, Thompson was captured during an attack on the enemy at Trois-Rivières in Quebec on June 8, 1776. He was paroled, but not exchanged for four years, and so he could not reenter military service. Thompson blamed Congressman Thomas McKean for hindering his exchange; his criticism became so harsh that he was censured by Congress. McKean successfully sued Thompson for libel.

paragraph: Thompson married Katherine Ross daughter of George Ross, signer of the Declaration of Independence for Pennsylvania.

paragraph: While on parole in Philadelphia on December 17, 1778 he became an early Member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick

paragraph: After finally being exchanged for Baron Riedesel, Thompson died at his home near Carlisle.

paragraph: Thompson Street in the Greenwich Village and SoHo neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City was named after General Thompson, as well as – originally – the adjacent Vesuvio Playground.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cumberland County PA Archives

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. "Encyclopedia of the American Revolution." New York: McKay, 1966; revised 1974. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. Monday, November 23, 1778. Censure of Thompson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Wild Geese Today: The Resurrection of Edward Hand. Irish-born soldier served Mike Flannery, George Washington and his adopted nation well

paragraph: BULLET::::- Correspondence with George Washington

paragraph: Sam Maner Revolutionary War Generals site

description: American Revolutionary War soldier and brigadier general

wikidata_label: William Thompson

wikipedia_title: William Thompson (general)


text: Lebanese

text: Lebanon's Sunni Muslim community

text: Tripoli, Lebanon

text: American University in Beirut

text: University of Texas

text: United States

text: International Monetary Fund

text: Ambassador to the U.S.

text: Prime Minister

text: Rafik Hariri

text: Fouad Siniora

text: the July 2006 war

text: Central Bank of Lebanon

text: Saad Hariri

text: Future Movement

text: car bomb

text: Central District

text: Beirut

text: Lebanon

text: assassination

text: Barack Obama

text: John Kerry

text: Mohamad Chatah's Blog

text: Personal blog

categories: University of Texas at Austin alumni,2013 deaths,Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon,People from Tripoli, Lebanon,1951 births,Government ministers of Lebanon,Lebanese Sunni Muslims,International Monetary Fund people,Finance ministers of Lebanon,American University of Beirut alumni,Assassinated Lebanese politicians,Mass murder victims,Ambassadors of Lebanon to the United States,Deaths by car bomb in Lebanon

paragraph: Mohamad Chatah

paragraph: Mohamad Bahaa Chatah (; 1951 – 27 December 2013) was a Lebanese economist and diplomat. He was a member of Lebanon's Sunni Muslim community.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Chatah was born in Tripoli, Lebanon. He studied economics at the American University in Beirut and earned a doctorate at the University of Texas in the United States. Then he taught economics at his alma mater, University of Texas.

paragraph: In 1983 he secured a position with the International Monetary Fund as the deputy to the Executive Director, Dr. Mohamed Finaish. He served as Ambassador to the U.S. from 1997 to 2000. He returned to the IMF in 2001 and stayed until June 2005. Chatah's resignation from the IMF in 2005 coincided with the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005; he returned to Lebanon as a senior adviser to the newly elected Prime Minister Fouad Siniora in August 2005 and served in the post until July 2008. During the July 2006 war, Chatah appeared on numerous Western news outlets as a public spokesman for the Lebanese government. When asked about the government's role in disarming local armed groups, Chatah said "we are doing it [through] dialogue and persuasion, and trying to reach a point where the state is the sole holder of weapons and the one with the only authority throughout our territory." He also served as vice-governor of the Central Bank of Lebanon.

paragraph: Chatah was named the minister of finance of the 70th Lebanese government in July 2008 and held the position to November 2009. He served as foreign policy adviser to Prime Minister Saad Hariri from November 2009 to January 2011. He was affiliated with the Hariri Future Movement, a Sunni political group, although he officially remained an independent figure in national politics.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination and reactions.

paragraph: At approximately 9:40am on 27 December 2013, a car bomb struck Chatah's convoy in the Central District of Beirut, Lebanon. The bombing killed a total of eight people, among them Chatah, and injured seventy others. The bomb "was estimated to weigh more than 50 kilograms and was placed inside a stolen Honda car." The attack has been described as a political assassination of Chatah.

paragraph: The US President Barack Obama and the Secretary of State John Kerry condemned the assassination of Chatah and described it as a terrorist attack on 27 December.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Offshore gas belongs to the Lebanese, so let them see the money

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mohamad Chatah's Blog

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Personal blog

description: former minister of finance and ambassador to the United States

wikidata_label: Mohamad Chatah

wikipedia_title: Mohamad Chatah


text:
Swedish
botanist
anthropologist
Norwegian
ethnographer
Carl Sofus Lumholtz
Sierra Madre
Mexico
World's Columbian Exposition
Chicago
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
archaeology
ethnology
anthropometry
Las Mercedes
curator
Naturhistoriska riksmuseet
Stockholm
monograph
Anthropologist C.V Hartman

categories: 1862 births,Swedish anthropologists,1941 deaths,Swedish botanists

paragraph: Carl Vilhelm Hartman

paragraph: Carl Vilhelm Hartman (19 August 1862 – 19 June 1941), was a Swedish botanist and anthropologist.

paragraph: Trained as a botanist, Hartman joined Norwegian ethnographer Carl Sofus Lumholtz on a three-year expedition to the Sierra Madre Mountains in Mexico. One of Hartman's duties was to conduct studies of plants used by the native population. Working alongside Lumholtz, his interest turned from botany to anthropology. After completion of his work in Mexico in 1893, Hartman accompanied Lumholtz to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, spending six months organizing exhibits in its anthropological department. In 1894, he published an anthropological essay titled "The Indians of Northwestern Mexico".

paragraph: From 1896 to 1898, Hartman led an anthropological expedition to the Central American states of Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala. He conducted studies there in the fields of archaeology, ethnology, and anthropometry as well as anthropology. One of the sites he excavated was Las Mercedes. Returning to Sweden, he served as a curator at the "Naturhistoriska riksmuseet" in Stockholm. In 1901, Hartman published a monograph called "Archaeological Researches in Costa Rica". From 1908 to 1923, he was director of the ethnographical section of the museum.

paragraph: Hartman died in Stockholm on 19 June 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anthropologist C.V Hartman

alias:
Carl Vilhelm Hartman
C.V.Hartm.
C.V. Hartman

description: Swedish botanist and anthropologist

wikidata_label: C. V. Hartman

wikipedia_title: Carl Vilhelm Hartman


text: Michigan

text: Lucille Lortel Award

text: Iraqi American

text: 9 Parts of Desire

text: Iraqi

text: American

text: Christian

text: Roman Catholic

text: Okemos, Michigan

text: BA

text: University of Michigan

text: MFA

text: University of San Diego

text: Royal Academy of Dramatic Art

text: London

text: Ntozake Shange

text: 9 Parts of Desire

text: Baghdad

text: Saddam Hussein

text: National Press Club

text: London

text: Los Angeles

text: New York

text: Seattle

text: Chicago

text: Philadelphia

text: Washington DC

text: France

text: Brazil

text: Turkey

text: The New Yorker

text: The Middle East, In Pieces

text: Middle East

text: Lebanon

text: Israel

text: Iraq

text: The French Lieutenant's Woman

text: Fulton Opera House

text: Over the River and Through the Woods

text: Macbeth

text: Lady Macbeth

text: The Merry Wives of Windsor

text: Mistress Page

text: The Rivals

text: The Acting Company

text: Othello

text: Romeo and Juliet

text: As You Like It

text: Macbeth

text: The Comedy of Errors

text: In Darfur

text: Darfur

text: Sudan

text: libretto

text: Tobin Stokes

text: opera

text: Second Battle of Fallujah

text: Playwrights Horizons

text: Lucille Lortel Award

text: Official Site

text: Interview by Simi Horwitz

text: Article by Curt Holman

text: Interview on This is America

text: Interview on Women to Women

categories: American women writers,People from Okemos, Michigan,Living people,American people of Iraqi descent,Actresses from Michigan,Writers from Michigan,American Roman Catholics,University of San Diego alumni,University of Michigan alumni,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Heather Raffo

paragraph: Heather Raffo (born in Michigan, United States) is a Lucille Lortel Award-winning Iraqi American playwright and actress, best known for her leading role in the one-woman play "9 Parts of Desire".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Her father is Iraqi, a civil engineer and her mother is American, who are both of Christian faith and Heather is a Roman Catholic who grew up in Okemos, Michigan. Heather holds a BA from the University of Michigan, an MFA from the University of San Diego and she also studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Having been born in the United States, she and her family visited Iraq in 1974 when she was a little girl and again in 1993.

paragraph: Raffo credits Ntozake Shange as her most significant artistic influence and has noted her as an inspiration to writing her own work after reading "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Career.

paragraph: Heather Raffo is most famous for her notable role in the one-woman play "9 Parts of Desire". The play focuses on the lives of women in her father's homeland, and was originally conceived in 1993 after a visit to her Iraqi relatives. It was also inspired by Raffo's trip to the Saddam Art Centre in Baghdad where she saw only billboard sized portraits of Saddam Hussein. Later, in a back room, she saw a painting of a nude woman clinging to a barren tree. She took a photo of the painting, returned to America and devised a way of replicating the painting into a play. A decade later she completed the play, which features monologues by nine highly distinct Iraqi women, all played by herself.

paragraph: When asked about "9 Parts of Desire", she comments ""I'd love to hear an American say, 'That Bedouin woman is just like my aunt.' But at the same time, I want American audiences to walk out a little confused, not able to say, 'Oh, I get it,' but rather to understand how difficult it is to grasp the psyche of people who have lived under Saddam for 30 years with American support, then had a war with Iran, resulting in 1.5 million deaths, followed by 13 years of sanctions and two wars under American firepower.""

paragraph: The response to the play drew much media attention to Heather, as she has given numerous public appearances and interviews on American television shows. She has also spoken to the National Press Club, as well as featuring in "" as part of her "Aha Moment". With such major success in London, Los Angeles, New York, Seattle, Chicago, Philadelphia and Washington DC, "9 Parts of Desire" is currently being translated for international productions in France, Brazil and Turkey. On July 18, 2008, she recreated some of her monologues from "9 Parts of Desire" at the New York Open Center and shared what she has learned from what John Lahr in "The New Yorker" called "an example of how art can remake the world." In May 2013, "9 Parts of Desire" was performed for the first time in Iraq by students from The American University of Iraq – Sulaimani, with Heather in the audience.

paragraph: Heather has also been approached by International press about doing stories on her show, but she refused as she did not want to draw attention to her family in Iraq, as it could lead to dangerous circumstances.

paragraph: Heather is also one of the six participating writers for the play "The Middle East, In Pieces", a play which displays the current developments in the Middle East and addresses the conflicts in Lebanon, Israel and Iraq.

paragraph: Her other acting credits include, playing Sarah Woodruff in the world premiere of "The French Lieutenant's Woman" performed at the Fulton Opera House. The off-Broadway, "Over the River and Through the Woods", the off Broadway/National Tour of "Macbeth" where she played Lady Macbeth, "The Merry Wives of Windsor" as Mistress Page and "The Rivals" all with The Acting Company. Regionally in theatre productions of the following, "Othello", "Romeo and Juliet", "As You Like It", "Macbeth", and "The Comedy of Errors" all with The Old Globe Theatre in San Diego.

paragraph: She has performed in the play "In Darfur" by Winter Miller at New Yorks Public Theatre, revealing the depth of the crisis in Darfur, Sudan. The play was made to raise awareness of the ongoing genocide in Darfur and help encourage activism.

paragraph: She wrote the libretto for Tobin Stokes' opera "Fallujah", based on the Second Battle of Fallujah.

paragraph: Her play "Noura" opened at Playwrights Horizons on December 10, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Darfur"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Middle East, In Pieces"

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susan Smith Blackburn Prize Special Commendation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marian Seldes-Garson Kanin Fellowship for "9 Parts of Desire".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lucille Lortel Award (2005) for Outstanding Solo Show

paragraph: Section::::Awards.:Nominations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Outer Critics Circle Nomination

paragraph: BULLET::::- Drama League nomination for Outstanding Performance

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview by Simi Horwitz (Archive)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article by Curt Holman

paragraph: Section::::Video.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Al Jazeera English's Riz Khan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview on This is America

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview on Women to Women

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Heather Raffo

wikipedia_title: Heather Raffo


text:
Count of Vermandois
Count of Meaux
Count of Soissons
Champagne
Herbert I of Vermandois
Charlemagne
Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons
Lay abbot
Robert I of France
County of Meaux
Archbishop of Rheims
Charles III
Rudolph
Pope John X
Auxerre
Roger I of Laon
Artaud
Laon
Soissons
Henry the Fowler
Hugh the Great
William Longsword
duke of Normandy
Louis IV
Otto I
Visé
Liège
Saint-Quentin, Aisne
Robert I of France
Count of Amiens
Vienne
Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois
Gerberge of Lorraine
Adela of Vermandois
Arnulf I of Flanders
Herbert 'the Old'
Eadgifu of Wessex
Edward the Elder
Charles III
Sprota Adele de Senlis
William I, Duke of Normandy
Robert of Vermandois
Count of Meaux
Luitgarde of Vermandois
William I, Duke of Normandy
Theobald I of Blois
Odo I, Count of Blois
Hugh of Vermandois
Guy I, Count of Soissons

categories: 10th-century French people,Counts of Meaux,943 deaths,Herbertien dynasty

paragraph: Herbert II, Count of Vermandois

paragraph: Herbert II (died 23 February 943), Count of Vermandois, Count of Meaux, and Count of Soissons. He was the first to exercise power over the territory that became the province of Champagne.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Herbert was the son of Herbert I of Vermandois. He was apparently well aware of his descent from Charlemagne. Herbert inherited the domain of his father and in 907, added to it the Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons. He took the position of Lay abbot entitling him to the income of those estates. His marriage with a daughter of king Robert I of France brought him the County of Meaux.

paragraph: In 922, when Seulf became Archbishop of Rheims, in an effort to appease Herbert II Seulf solemnly promised him he could nominate his successor. In 923, Count Herbert took the bold step of imprisoning King Charles III, who died still a captive in 929. Then, on the death of Seulf in 925, with the help of King Rudolph, he acquired for his second son Hugh (then five years old) the archbishopric of Rheims. Herbert took the additional step of sending emissaries to Rome to Pope John X to gain his approval, which that pope gave in 926. On his election young Hugh was sent to Auxerre to study.

paragraph: In 926, on the death of Count Roger I of Laon. Herbert demanded this countship for Eudes, his eldest son. He took the town in defiance of King Rudolph leading to a clash between the two in 927. Using the threat of releasing King Charles III, whom he held captive, Herbert managed to hold the city for four more years. But after the death of Charles in 929, Rudolph again attacked Laon in 931 successfully defeating Herbert. The same year the king entered Rheims and defeated archbishop Hugh, the son of Herbert. Artaud became the new archbishop of Reims. Herbert II then lost, in three years, Vitry, Laon, Château-Thierry, and Soissons. The intervention of his ally, Henry the Fowler, allowed him to restore his domains (except Rheims and Laon) in exchange for his submission to King Rudolph.

paragraph: Later Herbert allied with Hugh the Great and William Longsword, duke of Normandy against King Louis IV, who allocated the County of Laon to Roger II, the son of Roger I, in 941. Herbert and Hugh the Great took back Rheims and captured Artaud. Hugh, the son of Herbert, was restored as archbishop. Again the mediation of the German King Otto I in Visé, near Liège, in 942 allowed for the normalization of the situation.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Herbert II died on 23 February 943 at Saint-Quentin, Aisne (the capital of the county of Vermandois). His vast estates and territories were divided among his sons. Vermandois and Amiens went to the two elder sons while Robert and Herbert, the younger sons, were given the valuable holdings scattered throughout Champagne. On Robert's death his brother's son Herbert III inherited them all. Herbert III's only son Stephen died childless in 1019–20 thus ending the male line of Herbert II.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Herbert married Adele, daughter of Robert I of France. Together they had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eudes of Vermandois, Count of Amiens and of Vienne, (–946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois (–987), married Gerberge of Lorraine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adela of Vermandois (910–960), married 934 Count Arnulf I of Flanders

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herbert 'the Old' (–980), Count of Omois, Meaux and Troyes, and abbot of St. Medard, Soissons, married 951 Eadgifu of Wessex daughter of Edward the Elder King of England and widow of Charles III King of France.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sprota Adele de Senlis (913–945), captive of William I, Duke of Normandy; and fathered Richard I, Duke of Normandy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert of Vermandois, Count of Meaux and Châlons († 967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luitgarde of Vermandois (–978), married 940 William I, Duke of Normandy; married secondly, , Theobald I of Blois Their son was Odo I, Count of Blois.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh of Vermandois (920–962), Archbishop of Reims

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy I, Count of Soissons (d. 986).

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: br

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Herbert II, Count of Vermandois

wikipedia_title: Herbert II, Count of Vermandois


text:
FRS
Royal Society
Copley Medal
Arcueil
Père Lachaise
Henry Cavendish
Antoine Lavoisier
chemical reaction
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
perspiration
thermoregulation
freezing point
solution
direct proportion
concentration
Blagden Papers at the Royal Society
National Public Radio

categories: Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,Recipients of the Copley Medal,19th-century English people,1820 deaths,19th-century English medical doctors,English scientists,Fellows of the Royal Society,English chemists,People from Wotton-under-Edge,1748 births,18th-century British chemists,19th-century British chemists,Members of The Club,18th-century English people,18th-century English medical doctors

paragraph: Charles Blagden

paragraph: Sir Charles Brian Blagden FRS (17 April 1748 – 26 March 1820) was a British physician and scientist. He served as a medical officer in the Army (1776–1780) and later held the position of Secretary of the Royal Society (1784–1797). Blagden won the Copley Medal in 1788 and was knighted in 1792.

paragraph: He died in Arcueil, France in 1820, and was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Science.

paragraph: In June 1783, Blagden, then assistant to Henry Cavendish, visited Antoine Lavoisier in Paris and described how Cavendish had created water by burning "inflammable air". Lavoisier's dissatisfaction with the Cavendish's "dephlogistinization" theory led him to the concept of a chemical reaction, which he reported to the Royal Academy of Sciences on 24 June 1783, effectively founding modern chemistry. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1789.

paragraph: Blagden experimented on human ability to withstand high temperatures. In his report to the Royal Society in 1775, he was first to recognise the role of perspiration in thermoregulation.

paragraph: Blagden's experiments on how dissolved substances like salt affected the freezing point of water led to the discovery that "the freezing point of a solution decreases in direct proportion to the concentration of the solution", now called Blagden's Law.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blagden Papers at the Royal Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Public Radio story about Blagden’s experiment in a hot room

description: British physician and scientist

wikidata_label: Charles Blagden

wikipedia_title: Charles Blagden


text: Chhattisgarh

text: Indian independence

categories: Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857,1857 deaths,Indian independence activists from Madhya Pradesh,People from Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh

paragraph: Veer Narayan Singh

paragraph: Veer Narayan Singh (1795–1857) was a landlord from Sonakhan, Chhattisgarh. He spearheaded the 1857 war Indian independence in Chhattisgarh.

paragraph: He is also known and considered as "The 1st Chhattisgarhi freedom fighter". The British arrested him in 1856 for looting a trader's grain stocks and distributing it amongst the poor in a severe famine year. In 1857 with the help of the soldiers of the British Army at Raipur, Veer Narayan Singh Binjhwar escaped from prison. He reached Sonakhan and formed an army of 500 men. Under the leadership of Smith, a powerful British army was dispatched to crush the Sonakhan army. Veer Narayan Singh's martyrdom has been resurrected in the 1980s and he has become a potent symbol of Chhattisgarhi pride. He was executed on 10 December 1857. He became the first martyr from Chhattisgarh in the War of Independence. Government of Chhattisgarh named a cricket stadium Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium after him.

paragraph: Section::::Buildings named after him.

paragraph: 3.School on His name

paragraph: MONUMENT

paragraph: 1.Shahid Veer Narayan Singh Smarak near Rajbhavan

description: Indian activist

wikidata_label: Veer Narayan Singh

wikipedia_title: Veer Narayan Singh


text: Moscow

text: Russia

text: biomorphism

text: Erarta

text: Saint Petersburg

text: biomorphism

text: ART4.RU Contemporary Art Museum

text: Erarta museum of contemporary art

text: Ars Electronica

text: Electronic Language International Festival

text: Fallen Monument Park

text: Moscow Contemporary Art Center Winzavod

text: Hermitage

text: Moscow Biennale

text: Cosmoscow International Contemporary Art Fair

text: Bauman Moscow State Technical University

text: Perm Museum of Contemporary Art

text: State Darwin Museum

text: Kandinsky Prize

text: Open Innovations (Forum and Technology Show)

text: Moscow Contemporary Art Center Winzavod

text: Russian Museum

text: Moscow Biennale

text: Moscow Biennale

text: Moscow Biennale

text: Moscow Contemporary Art Center Winzavod

text: Kandinsky Prize

text: Frieze Art Fair

text: Tretyakov Gallery

text: State Darwin Museum

text: Hermitage Museum

text: Russian Museum

text: ART4.RU Contemporary Art Museum

text: Quqntum Entanglement 2.0

text: Barbarian Art Gallery

text: pop/off/art

text: Google Gallery

text: RNA Foundation

text: Contemporaryeasteurope, by Joel Simpson

text: Erarta, Saint Petersburg, Russia, by Jeff Greif

text: Zerfall und Plüschhase, by Sonja Zekri

text: C-Collection

text: Ouroboros: Bio-sculptures, by Galina Kabakova

text: Preview Berlin

text: Phillips London Auction

text: facebook

text: instagram

categories: Russian contemporary artists,Living people,People from Moscow

paragraph: Dmitry Kawarga

paragraph: Dmitry Kawarga () born in Moscow, Russia is a Russian artist. Kawarga began working in his own style of "biomorphism" striving to create a synthesis of science, art and technology. His art is featured in numerous museums and is part of the permanent collection of Erarta, Russia's largest private museum of contemporary art located in Saint Petersburg.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Kawarga works are often described as part of the "Science Art" movement (or "SciArt"), although the artist rejects this description. The kinetic objects in his installations are created in cooperation with scientists, programmers and engineers and often allow for viewer interaction. His style has been variously described as "biomorphism" or "biogenic art".

paragraph: Section::::Permanent collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- KAWARGA-SKETE Gonginichy, Podporozhsky district, Leningrad region

paragraph: BULLET::::- LA Collection’ Air, Luzern, Suisse

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sergey Kuryokhin Art Center, St Petersburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- ART4.RU Contemporary Art Museum, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erarta museum of contemporary art, St Petersburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum of Ecology and Local History, Muravlenko, Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Museum Center of Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: Kawarga has been a participant of international exhibitions and festivals of contemporary art, including Lexus Hybrid Art, Ars Electronica and Electronic Language International Festival.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Solo exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - «Museum's line», Saint Petersburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - «Anthropocentrism Toxicosis», Ferenczy Museum Center, Szentendre, Hungary

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - «Skins of Conceptual Constructions», ELECTROMUSEUM, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - «Polymeric Offside», MUZEON - Fallen Monument Park, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Biomorphic dust", Saint Peterburg, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "...at the deep end black fishes", The ex-cinema-theatre "Udarnik", Moscow, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "Kawarga. Apocalypse 21.12", Pop/off/art Gallery, Moscow Contemporary Art Center Winzavod, Moscow, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "Paleo-Geo-Morphologies", Barbarian-art Gallery, Zurich, SW

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Topography of creative evolution", GridchinHall, Moscow Area, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Ouroboros" Gallery Brissot Art Contemporain, Paris, FR

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Biostructures" Barbarian-art gallery, Zurich, SW

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Coming into the theme" gallery pop/off/art, Moscow, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007-2008 - "Trepanation of the Thought-forms" gallery pop/off/art, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Photocompressing" Business house "Mohovaja, 7", Moscow, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Biomorphic radicalism in the destructive synthesis" gallery "Sam Brook", Moscow, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "Retrospective Cut" Natural Science University, Moscow, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - "Project 2x10" Callery A-3, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - Science-n-Art Project in cooperation with Honored Inventor of Russia V.Beshekov

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Saturated Landscape" Staraja Basmannja St. 21, Moscow, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 - "Immersion into the Summer" in Moscow branch of The World Bank, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 - "I'm bored with everyone and I'm tired." in Beljaevo Gallery, Moscow, RU

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 - Murals in Theatre "Perovskaja St.", Moscow, Ru

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993 - Kashirka Gallery, Moscow, RU

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.:Group exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Innovation as an Artistic Technique, Hermitage

paragraph: BULLET::::- The RUSSIAN ART & ANTIQUE FAIR

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yearning for the Sky, Special project of Moscow Biennale

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pieter Bruegel. Inverted world, Design center ARTPLAY, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exhibition of works by longlisted artists of The Kuryokhin Award, St. Petersburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Direct encounter, Solyanka VPA, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martyr, Agency ArtRu, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contemporary Russia, The State Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Every evening before sleep, Solyanka VPA, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cosmoscow International Contemporary Art Fair, International Contemporary Atr Fair,Gostiny Dvor

paragraph: BULLET::::- «Quantum Entanglement 2.0», Arsenal, Kremlin, Nizhny Novgorod

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Archstoyanie", 11th international festival of landscape objects. Nikola-Lenivets, Dzerzhinsky District, Kaluga region, Russia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Orient Express", the special project of 6th Moscow Biennale, Centre MARS

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nadezhda – The Hope", the special project of 6th Moscow Biennale

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Urals Transcendental", the special project of 6th Moscow Biennale, ArtPlay

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Waxworks Exhibition", Palace of Culture Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Promise of landscape", Perm Museum of Contemporary Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quantum Entanglement", Laboratoria Art&Science Space and FutureEverything, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Electronic Language International Festival, São Paulo, Brazil, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zoo-Zoo", State Darwin Museum, Moscow, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kandinsky Prize, The Udarnik Cinema, Moscow, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Open Innovations (Forum and Technology Show), Crocus Expo IEC, Moscow, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contemporary art in the Traditional Museum", The Saint Petersburg city museum festival, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Total Recall – The Evolution of memory", Arselectronica, Austria, Linz, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Frontier", Science-Art-Lab, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Goszakaz" /A Governmental Order/, Moscow Contemporary Art Center Winzavod & Pechersky Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- The show of the pretenders on Sergey Kuryokhin Modern Art Award in nomination The Best Art Projects, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Resonant Matter", Russian Museum, Marble Palace

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Way. Road.", Gallery ph_Manometr, ArtPlay, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lexus Hybrid Art", ArtPlay, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Free spaces", the special project of 4 Moscow Biennale, Agensy ArtRu, Moscow, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pro-Contra", International Symposium, the special project of 4 Moscow Biennale, ArtPlay, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rewriting Worlds: Dada Moscow", the special project of 4 Moscow Biennale, ArtPlay

paragraph: BULLET::::- "ArtFocus for Technologies: Charm&Challenge", Ural forum of Industry&Innovations "INNOPROM 2011" Ekaterinburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Life. The science version", Moscow Contemporary Art Center Winzavod, Moscow, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New sculpture, Chaos and Structure", New Museum, Saint Petersburg, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Distortions of the Earth", Agency ArtRu, Moscow, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kandinsky Prize, Central House of Artists, Moscow, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Club 21 - Remaking the scene", One Marylebone, the special project of Frieze Art Fair London, England, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A New Formalism", Museum of a City sculpture, Saint Petersburg, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reality metamorphoses,or Games with Time", Zverev's centre of contemporary art, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "0,5" Jubilee exhibition, gallery pop/off/art, Moscow, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New sculpture, Chaos and Structure", Coluyanka gallery, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Good News" Orel Art Gallery, London, England, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art Moscow" 13 th International Art Fair, pop/off/art gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Night of museums" Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Evolution of a dream", State Darwin Museum

paragraph: BULLET::::- EUROP'ART'09 Grand-Saconnex Geneva, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Atlantis" gallery A3, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Invasion : Evasion" Baibakov art projects, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cyberfest" Youth Educational Centre of Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Power of Water" Russian Museum, Saint Petersburg, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tunguska meteorite", 100-years of falling, Krasnoyarsk

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Art About Mortality", in memory N. Konstantinova, Rostov on Don, (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sleeping district", gallery ArtMarin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Competition on the project a monument to Boris Yeltsin

paragraph: BULLET::::- - 7th Krasnoyarsk Biennial 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Work is exhibited at a show-window of a museum ART4.RU Contemporary Art Museum

paragraph: 1988 - 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Manezh 2005, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "World of War" Museum Of Decorative Art, Moscow 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Size Does Matter" Central House of Artists, Moscow 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Object and Thing" Museum Of Decorative Art, Moscow 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Action Initiation" Art Laboratory Dominanta, Moscow, 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bleeding of Spring" Malaja Gruzinskaja, Moscow, 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art Manezh 1996, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fun-Art" Central House of Artists, Moscow, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Group "Hummer" Manezh, Moscow, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Golden Brush" Central House of Artists, Moscow, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- - Malaja Gruzinskaja in Manezh, Moscow, 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Space and Spirit", Central House of Artists, Moscow, 1991 (catalog)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Group "Hummer" Central House of Artists, Moscow, 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Memory of Pjatnitzkogo Malaja Gruzinskaja, Moscow, 1988

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Labyrinth" Palace of Youth, Moscow, 1988

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Quqntum Entanglement 2.0, Nizhny Novgorod, Arsenal, Kremlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Barbarian Art Gallery, Zurich

paragraph: BULLET::::- pop/off/art, Moscow

paragraph: BULLET::::- Google Gallery, Google

paragraph: BULLET::::- RNA Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- CyberArts 2013. Exhibition shows the award-winning works of the Prix Ars Electronica 2013.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Contemporaryeasteurope, by Joel Simpson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erarta, Saint Petersburg, Russia, by Jeff Greif

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zerfall und Plüschhase, by Sonja Zekri

paragraph: BULLET::::- C-Collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ouroboros: Bio-sculptures, by Galina Kabakova

paragraph: BULLET::::- Preview Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kawarga’s Polymer Sculptures and Model of Biomorphic Consciousness, By Joel Simpson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Phillips London Auction

paragraph: BULLET::::- facebook

paragraph: BULLET::::- instagram

wikidata_label: Kawarga

wikipedia_title: Dmitry Kawarga


text: grazier

text: Van Diemen's Land

text: Port Phillip Association

text: Port Phillip

text: founding of the settlement

text: Yarra River

text: Victoria

text: John Glover

text: treaty

text: Rosehill

text: Parramatta

text: Van Diemen's Land

text: Ben Lomond

text: bushranger

text: Thomas Jeffries

text: Matthew Brady

text: grazier

text: Tasmanian Aborigines

text: roving parties

text: George Arthur

text: Ben Lomond

text: Luggenemenener

text: Campbell Town

text: Rolepana

text: Black War

text: Black Line

text: Tasmanian Aborigines

text: John Glover

text: syphilis

text: Ben Lomond

text: Western Port

text: Port Phillip Association

text: schooner

text: Rebecca

text: Port Phillip

text: Batman's Treaty

text: Kulin people

text: Merri Creek

text: Northcote

text: Joseph Gellibrand

text: New South Wales

text: Van Diemen's Land

text: Yarra River

text: Batman's Treaty

text: Percival Serle

text: Governor Bourke

text: John Pascoe Fawkner

text: Batman's Hill

text: Collins Street

text: convict

text: Elizabeth Callaghan

text: Yarra River

text: Old Melbourne Cemetery

text: Fawkner Cemetery

text: John Pascoe Fawkner

text: obelisk

text: Daniel Batman

text: Batman Bridge

text: Division of Batman

text: Batman Park

text: Batman Park

text: City of Darebin

text: Batman's Hill

text: Batman railway station, Melbourne

text: Keilor Park

text: Sunbury

text: Hurstbridge

text: Shepparton

text: Thornton, New South Wales

text: Surry Hills, New South Wales

text: Eltham

text: Burnside Heights

text: Footscray

text: Altona Meadows

text: Aberfeldie

text: Fitzroy North

text: Portarlington

text: Parramatta

text: Melton West

text: Sandringham

text: History of Melbourne

text: Transcript of John Batman's journal

text: Batman Land Deed

categories: Australian explorers,1801 births,1839 deaths,Australian people of English descent,Settlers of Melbourne,Explorers of Australia

paragraph: John Batman

paragraph: John Batman (21 January 18016 May 1839) was an Australian grazier, entrepreneur and explorer. He settled in the north-east of the Van Diemen's Land Colony in the 1820s, and later as a leading member of the Port Phillip Association he led an expedition which explored the Port Phillip Bay area on the Australian mainland with a view to establishing a new settlement there. He is best known for his role in the founding of the settlement on the Yarra River which became the city of Melbourne, eventual capital of the new Colony of Victoria, and one of Australia's largest and most important cities.

paragraph: Batman is a controversial figure due to his dealings with Aboriginal peoples in Van Diemen's Land and Victoria. The artist John Glover, Batman's neighbour in Van Diemen's Land said Batman was "a rogue, thief, cheat and liar, a murderer of blacks and the vilest man I have ever known".

paragraph: The treaty Batman negotiated with local Aboriginal peoples in 1835, to acquire land in the Port Phillip area, was a matter of controversy in his day, and has remained an event of great historical interest and debate.

paragraph: Batman offered tools, blankets and food in exchange for thousands of hectares of land stretching from Melbourne to Geelong, but the colonial government in New South Wales did not acknowledge the treaty. Although his proposed transaction was exploitative, Batman's treaty stands as the only attempt by a European to engage Australian Aboriginals in a treaty or transaction rather than simply claiming land outright.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Batman's English parents, William and Mary Batman, came to Sydney in 1797 aboard the ship the "Ganges". John was born in 1801 at Rosehill, Parramatta, now a suburb of Sydney, but at the time one of the early farming settlements of the fledgling colony.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Move to Tasmania.

paragraph: In 1821 John (aged 20 years) and brother Henry journeyed to Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania) to settle on land in the north-east near Ben Lomond. He acquired 'Kingston', a property said to be "...large in acreage and poor agriculturally...".

paragraph: In early 1826, Batman captured the notorious cannibal bushranger Thomas Jeffries and later on caught fellow bushranger Matthew Brady, resulting in an additional grant of land by the government.

paragraph: Brady had been wounded in the leg in a conflict with the authorities, but got away safely. Batman went out unarmed on his own in search of Brady, and found him quite accidentally. He saw a man limping in the bush near a shallow creek, and hastened forward to him. It was Brady. He induced Brady to surrender and return with him. The outlaw was ill and suffering much pain, and did as he was asked. Brady was duly handed over to authorities at Launceston Gaol. Both Jeffries and Brady were sentenced to death. They both hanged together on the gallows in Hobart.

paragraph: Batman became a grazier. He participated in the capture of Tasmanian Aborigines in 1829. He employed mainland Aboriginal people hired in Sydney, New South Wales, for 'roving parties' hunting Tasmanians. Between 1828 and 1830, Tasmanians in this region were shot or rounded up by bounty hunters like Batman.

paragraph: As Tasmanian Colonial Governor, George Arthur, observed, Batman "...had much slaughter to account for". Closer examination of this quote from Governor Arthur reveals a more complex picture of Batman's motives and actions on behalf of the government in these so-called "roving parties". For example, in September 1829, Batman (aged 28), with the assistance of several "Sydney blacks" he brought to Tasmania, led an attack on an Aboriginal family group together numbering 60–70 men, women and children in the Ben Lomond district of north-east Tasmania. Waiting until 11pm that night before attacking, he "…"ordered the men to fire upon them"..." as their 40-odd dogs raised the alarm and the Aboriginal people ran away into thick scrub, killing an estimated 15 people. The next morning, he left the place for his farm, with two badly wounded Tasmanian men, a woman and her two-year-old boy, all of whom he captured. However, he "..."found it impossible that the two former" [the men] "could walk, and after trying them by every means in my power, for some time, found I could not get them on I was obliged to shoot them."" The captured woman, named Luggenemenener, was later sent to Campbell Town gaol and separated from her two-year-old son, Rolepana, "...whom she had faced death to protect." Batman reported afterwards to British Colonial Secretary, John Burnett, in a letter of 7 September 1829, that he kept the child because he wanted "..."to rear it"...". Luggenemenener died on 21 March 1837 as an inmate at the Flinders Island settlement.

paragraph: Later, Rolepana (aged 8 years), travelled with him as part of the founding party of Melbourne in 1835. After Batman's death in 1839, Rolepana would have been 12 years old. Boyce notes that Rolepana was employed by colonist George Ware at 12 Pounds a year with Board on Batman's death, "...but what became of him after this is also unknown." However, Haebich records Rolepana as having died in Melbourne in 1842 (he would have been about 15 years). She also says that:

paragraph: Batman rose to prominence during the time of the Black War of 1830 (aged 29), during which he participated in the Black Line – the formation of a "human chain" across the island to drive Tasmanian Aborigines from their lands into a 'manageable' area.

paragraph: In February 1830, Batman wrote to the British Colonial Secretary, John Burnett, about his difficulty in 'coming up' with [i.e., capturing] the Tasmanian Aborigines. In the same letter, he asked in explaining his difficulty in capturing Tasmanians in the bush, "...if he could follow known [Aboriginal] offenders once they had made it 'to their own ground'.

paragraph: The 19th century artist, John Glover, captioned one of his Tasmanian paintings "Batman's Lookout, Benn Lomond" (1835) "...on account of Mr Batman frequenting this spot to entrap the Natives."

paragraph: Batman was diagnosed with syphilis in 1833.

paragraph: By 1835, Batman's property, "...Kingston [near Ben Lomond], covered more than , had appropriate animals and buildings, and numerous hands; but it was too rugged to be highly productive."

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Foundation of Melbourne and Batman's Treaty.

paragraph: Batman sought land grants in the Western Port area, but the New South Wales colonial authorities rejected this. So, in 1835, as a leading member of the Port Phillip Association he sailed for the mainland in the schooner "Rebecca" and explored much of Port Phillip.

paragraph: When he found the current site of central Melbourne, he noted in his diary of 8 June 1835, "This will be the place for a village." and declared the land "Batmania".

paragraph: Batman's Treaty negotiations with Kulin peoples (Aboriginal peoples of now central Victoria) took place in June 1835 on the banks of the Merri Creek in present-day Northcote (an inner suburb of Melbourne), "…using legal advice from the former Van Diemen's Land attorney-general, Joseph Gellibrand, and with the support of his Aboriginal companions from New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land."

paragraph: However, Batman did not visit the colonial camp that was later set up on the Yarra River (i.e., Melbourne) until November 1835. Debate has continued for more than a century over this moment in the birth of Melbourne. Batman writes in his diary on Monday, 8 June 1835 that ".. the boat went up the river I have spoken of, which comes from the east, and I am glad to state, about six miles up found the river all good water and very deep. This will be the place for a village. The natives on shore." The previous day Batman and his party had returned from their meeting with the Kulin Elders along the hills bordering the northern banks of the Yarra. It remains quite unclear whether the party saw the 'place for a village' by the 'Falls' – a long used homesite for the local peoples, and similarly unclear whether Batman was in the boat that explored the Yarra on the 8th. But the site has already been noted for its virtues by numerous Britons including John Helder Wedge and Batman's Parramatta friend Hamilton Hume."

paragraph: Batman negotiated a treaty (now known as Batman's Treaty but also known as the Dutigulla Treaty, Dutigulla Deed, Melbourne Treaty or Melbourne Deed), with Kulin peoples to rent their land on an annual basis for 40 blankets, 30 axes, 100 knives, 50 scissors, 30 mirrors, 200 handkerchiefs, 100 pounds of flour and 6 shirts. It is unlikely that Kulin people would have understood this as a transfer of land or agreed to it if they had, but, as Percival Serle wrote, "No doubt the blankets, knives, tomahawks, etc., that he gave them were very welcome". In any case, Governor Bourke deemed such a treaty invalid as the land was claimed by the Crown rather than the Kulin peoples and other colonists including the rival party of John Pascoe Fawkner arrived to settle Melbourne.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Later life.

paragraph: Batman and his family settled at what became known as Batman's Hill at the western end of Collins Street. He built a house at the base of the hill in April 1836. Batman's health quickly declined after 1835 as syphilis had disfigured and crippled him, and he became estranged from his wife, convict Elizabeth Callaghan. They had had seven daughters and a son. His son drowned in the Yarra River.

paragraph: In his last months of his life Batman was cared for by the local Aboriginal people. On Batman's death on 6 May 1839, his widow and family moved from the house at Batman's Hill and the house was requisitioned by the government for administrative offices.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Batman was buried in the Old Melbourne Cemetery but was exhumed and re-buried in the Fawkner Cemetery, a cemetery named after his fellow colonist John Pascoe Fawkner. A bluestone obelisk was constructed in 1922 which was later moved to Batman Avenue before being returned to the Queen Victoria Market site in 1992. The obelisk is inscribed with the Latin "circumspice" meaning "look around", the entire city of Melbourne being his legacy. The obelisk also states that Melbourne was "unoccupied" prior to John Batman's arrival in 1835.

paragraph: Australian sprinter Daniel Batman claimed to be a direct descendant of John Batman.

paragraph: Batman's only son, John Charles Batman, died aged just 8 or 9 years old by drowning in the Yarra River on 11 January 1845.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Places named after John Batman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Bridge (Tasmania)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Division of Batman (Victorian electoral division; abolished in 2019)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Park (Melbourne CBD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Park (Northcote, Victoria) – now renamed as Gumbri Park, by the City of Darebin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman's Hill (Melbourne CBD)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman railway station, Melbourne (North Coburg, Victoria)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Avenue, Melbourne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Avenue, Keilor Park

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Avenue, Sunbury

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Avenue, Hurstbridge

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Avenue, Shepparton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Close, Thornton, New South Wales

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Lane, Surry Hills, New South Wales

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Road, Eltham

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Street, Burnside Heights

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Street, Footscray

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Street, Altona Meadows

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Street, Aberfeldie

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Street, Fitzroy North

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Street, Portarlington

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Walk, Parramatta

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Batman Drive, Melton West

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Batman Gardens, Sandringham

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Melbourne

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bell, Agnes Paton (1965). "Melbourne: John Batman's village". Melbourne: Cassell

paragraph: BULLET::::- Billot, C.P. (1979). "John Batman : the Story of John Batman and the Founding of Melbourne". Melbourne : Hyland House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Billot, C.P. (1985). "The life and times of John Pascoe Fawkner". Melbourne : Hyland House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campbell, Alastair H. (1987). "John Batman and the aborigines". Malmsbury, Australia: Kibble Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harcourt, Rex (2001), "Southern Invasion. Northern Conquest. Story of the Founding of Melbourne", Golden Point Press, Blackburn South.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prior, Wannan and Nunn (1968). "A Pictorial History of Bushrangers". Melbourne: Paul Hamlyn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attwood, Bain (2009), "Possession: Batman's Treaty and the Matter of History", Miegunyah Press, Melbourne, (xviii + 416 pages)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boyce, James (2008), "Van Diemen's Land", Black Inc, Melbourne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boyce, James (2011), "1835: The Founding of Melbourne and the Conquest of Australia", Black Inc., Melbourne

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reynolds, Henry (1995), "Fate of a Free People: A Radical Re-examination of the Tasmanian Wars", Penguin, Melbourne , at page 50, onwards for role in removal of Tasmanian Aborigines.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jan Critchett, (1990), "A distant field of murder: Western district frontiers, 1834–1848", Melbourne University Press (Carlton, Vic. and Portland, Or.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ian D Clark (1990) "Aboriginal languages and clans: An historical atlas of western and central Victoria, 1800–1900", Dept. of Geography & Environmental Science, Monash University (Melbourne),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ian D Clark (1995), "Scars in the landscape: A register of massacre sites in western Victoria, 1803–1859", Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (Canberra),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ian D Clark (2003) "‘That’s my country belonging to me’ – Aboriginal land tenure and dispossession in nineteenth century Western Victoria", Ballarat Heritage Services, Ballarat.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Gunditjmara People with Gib Wettenhall, (2010) "The People of Budj Bim: Engineers of aquaculture, builders of stone house settlements and warriors defending country", em Press, Heywood (Victoria)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Transcript of John Batman's journal at the State Library of Victoria, accessed 23 March 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batmania: a fun way to explore the people and events surrounding the foundation of Melbourne, images of the Batman Land Deed and other historical documents at the National Museum of Australia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Batman Land Deed – National Museum of Australia

description: Australian settler and explorer

wikidata_label: John Batman

wikipedia_title: John Batman


text:
Malmö
Swedish
decathlete
2013 World Championships
Moscow
Russia
Kalmar
David
Ida
Johanna
Marcus Nilsson
UCLA Bruins

categories: People from Malmö,Swedish decathletes,Living people,1991 births

paragraph: Marcus Nilsson (athlete)

paragraph: Marcus Nilsson (born 3 May 1991 in Malmö) is a Swedish decathlete. He competed at the 2013 World Championships in Moscow, Russia.

paragraph: Nilsson hails from Kalmar in the flat southern Sweden. He grew up in a sports family where both his father Carl-Gustaf ”Calle” and mother Katarina competed at an elite level. His brother David and two sisters, Ida and Johanna, have belonged to the Swedish national team in athletics. At the 2002 Swedish cross country championships the family walked home with four gold medals, one silver and one bronze.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marcus Nilsson at UCLA Bruins

description: Swedish decathlete

wikidata_label: Marcus Nilsson

wikipedia_title: Marcus Nilsson (athlete)


text:
Toulouse
Bordeaux
French
Ingénieur des ponts et chaussées
prehistorian
Chemin de Fer du Midi
Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Bordeaux
Muséum de Toulouse

categories: French civil engineers,1922 deaths,1850 births,Prehistorians,People from Toulouse

paragraph: Édouard Harlé

paragraph: Édouard Harlé (1850, Toulouse – 1922, Bordeaux) was a French railway engineer (Ingénieur des ponts et chaussées) and prehistorian

paragraph: Édouard Harlé was a Director of the Chemin de Fer du Midi

paragraph: His collections of prehistoric artefacts are held by Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Bordeaux and Muséum de Toulouse.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnaud Hurel, "L'institutionnalisation de l'archéologie préhistorique en France métropolitaine (1852-1941) et l'Institut de Paléontologie Humaine Fondation Albert Ier de Monaco" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marc Groenen, "Pour une histoire de la préhistoire: le paléolitique " (1994)

description: French railway engineer and prehistorian

wikidata_label: Édouard Harlé

wikipedia_title: Édouard Harlé


text:
Democrat
Richmond County, New York
New York State Assembly
Florence, Massachusetts
University of Toronto
New York University Law School
admitted to the bar
New York State Assembly
Richmond County, New York
1908
1910
1911
Tompkinsville, Staten Island

categories: Members of the New York State Assembly,People from Staten Island,University of Toronto alumni,1915 deaths,New York (state) Democrats,Politicians from Northampton, Massachusetts,1859 births

paragraph: William Allaire Shortt

paragraph: William Allaire Shortt (August 15, 1859 – March 9, 1915), was a Democrat, who represented Richmond County, New York in the New York State Assembly.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Florence, Massachusetts, on August 15, 1859. He graduated from the University of Toronto in 1880. He then attended New York University Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1882.

paragraph: He was a member of the New York State Assembly representing Richmond County, New York in 1908, 1910 and 1911.

paragraph: He died at his home at 218 St. Paul's Avenue in Tompkinsville, Staten Island on March 9, 1915.

description: American politician

wikidata_label: William Allaire Shortt

wikipedia_title: William Allaire Shortt