text: Whitechapel murders

text: Elizabeth Stride

text: Jack the Ripper

text: "catch me if you can" letter

text: common-law husbands

text: Wolverhampton

text: tinplate

text: Birmingham

text: common lodging-house

text: Flower and Dean Street

text: Spitalfields

text: rookery

text: sex work

text: Kent

text: Mile End

text: Bermondsey

text: Southwark

text: Aldgate High Street

text: PC

text: Bishopsgate

text: Joseph Lawende

text: Mitre Square

text: Great Synagogue of London

text: Donald Swanson

text: Royal London Hospital

text: Whitechapel Road

text: City of London

text: City of London

text: Whitechapel

text: Whitechapel murders

text: Jack the Ripper

text: Annie Chapman

text: graffito in chalk

text: Charles Warren

text: Martin Fido

text: Central News Agency

text: George Lusk

text: Whitechapel Vigilance Committee

text: Thomas Horrocks Openshaw

text: London Hospital

text: Daily Telegraph

text: Star

text: Bright's disease

text: Donald Swanson

text: City of London Cemetery

text: mitochondrial DNA

text: Alec Jeffreys

text: Aaron Kosminski

text: Donald Rumbelow

text: Alan Moore

text: Eddie Campbell

text: From Hell

text: Stephen Knight's

text: From Hell

text: Lesley Sharp

text: Susan George

text: A Study in Terror

text: Kay Walsh

text: Rumbelow, Donald

text: Fido, Martin

text: Wilson, Colin

wikipedia_title:
Whitechapel murders
Elizabeth Stride
Jack the Ripper
From Hell letter
Common-law marriage
Wolverhampton
Tinplate
Birmingham
Common lodging-house
Flower and Dean Street
Spitalfields
Rookery (slum)
Prostitution
Kent
Mile End
Bermondsey
Southwark
Aldgate
Constable
Bishopsgate
Joseph Lawende
Mitre Square
Great Synagogue of London
Donald Swanson
Royal London Hospital
Whitechapel Road
City of London
City of London
Whitechapel
Whitechapel murders
Jack the Ripper
Annie Chapman
Goulston Street graffito
Charles Warren
Martin Fido
Saucy Jacky postcard
Central News Agency (London)
George Lusk
Whitechapel Vigilance Committee
Thomas Horrocks Openshaw
Royal London Hospital
The Daily Telegraph
The Star (London)
Bright's disease
Donald Swanson
City of London Cemetery and Crematorium
Mitochondrial DNA
Alec Jeffreys
Aaron Kosminski
Donald Rumbelow
Alan Moore
Eddie Campbell
From Hell
Stephen Knight (author)
From Hell (film)
Lesley Sharp
Susan George (actress)
A Study in Terror
Kay Walsh
Donald Rumbelow
Martin Fido
Colin Wilson

categories: English murder victims,1842 births,English female prostitutes,Murder in 1888,Jack the Ripper victims,Female murder victims,19th-century English women,1888 deaths

paragraph: Catherine Eddowes

paragraph: Catherine "Kate" Eddowes (14 April 1842 – 30 September 1888) was one of the victims in the Whitechapel murders. She was the second person killed in the early hours of Sunday 30 September 1888, a night which already had seen the murder of Elizabeth Stride less than an hour earlier. These two murders are commonly referred to as the "double event" and have been attributed to an unidentified serial killer known as Jack the Ripper.

paragraph: Part of a left kidney was later sent to the Vigiliance Committee with a "catch me if you can" letter, which claimed it was from Eddowes. Most experts, however, were not convinced that the sample was actually one taken from Eddowes.

paragraph: Section::::Life and background.

paragraph: Eddowes, also known as "Kate Conway" and "Kate Kelly" after her two successive common-law husbands, was born in Graisley Green, Wolverhampton on 14 April 1842. Her parents, tinplate worker George Eddowes and his wife Catherine ("née" Evans), had 11 other children. The family moved to London a year after her birth, but she later returned to Wolverhampton to work as a tinplate stamper.

paragraph: On losing this job, she took up with ex-soldier Thomas Conway in Birmingham; she moved to London with him and they had a daughter and two sons. She took to drinking and left her family in 1880; the following year she was living with new partner John Kelly at Cooney's common lodging-house at 55 Flower and Dean Street, Spitalfields, at the centre of London's most notorious criminal rookery. Here she took to casual sex work to pay the rent. To avoid contact with his former partner, Conway drew his army pension under the assumed name of Quinn, and kept their sons' addresses secret from her.

paragraph: At the time of her death she was described as being five feet tall, with dark auburn hair, hazel eyes, and a tattoo that read "TC", for Tom Conway, in blue ink on her left forearm. Friends of Eddowes described her as "intelligent and scholarly, but possessed of a fierce temper" and "a very jolly woman, always singing."

paragraph: In the summer of 1888, Eddowes, Kelly, and their friend Emily Birrell took casual work hop-picking in Kent. At harvest's end they returned to London and quickly spent their pay. Eddowes and Kelly split their last sixpence between them; he took fourpence to pay for a bed in the common lodging-house, and she took twopence, just enough for her to stay a night at Mile End Casual Ward in the neighbouring parish.

paragraph: They met up the following morning, 29 September, and in the early afternoon Eddowes told Kelly she would go to Bermondsey to try to get some money from her daughter, Annie Phillips, who was married to a gun-maker in Southwark. With money from pawning his boots, a bare-footed Kelly took a bed at the lodging-house just after 8:00 p.m., and according to the deputy keeper remained there all night.

paragraph: Section::::Last hours and death.

paragraph: At 8:30 p.m. on Saturday, 29 September, Eddowes was found lying drunk in the road on Aldgate High Street by PC Louis Robinson. She was taken into custody and then to Bishopsgate police station, where she was detained, giving the name "Nothing", until she was sober enough to leave at 1 a.m. on the morning of 30 September. On her release, she gave her name and address as "Mary Ann Kelly of 6 Fashion Street".

paragraph: When leaving the station, instead of turning right to take the shortest route to her home in Flower and Dean Street, she turned left towards Aldgate. She was last seen alive at 1:35 a.m. by three witnesses, Joseph Lawende, Joseph Hyam Levy and Harry Harris, who had just left a club on Duke Street. She was standing talking with a man at the entrance to Church Passage, which led south-west from Duke Street to Mitre Square along the south wall of the Great Synagogue of London. Only Lawende could furnish a description of the man, whom he described as a fair-moustached man wearing a navy jacket, peaked cloth cap, and red scarf. Chief Inspector Donald Swanson intimated in his report that Lawende's identification of the woman as Eddowes was doubtful. He wrote that Lawende had said that some clothing of the deceased's that he was shown resembled that of the woman he saw—"which was black ... that was the extent of his identity [sic]". A patrolling policeman, PC James Harvey, walked down Church Passage from Duke Street very shortly afterwards but his beat took him back down Church Passage to Duke Street, without entering the square.

paragraph: Eddowes was killed and mutilated in the square between 1:35 and 1:45 a.m.

paragraph: At 1:45 a.m., Eddowes' mutilated body was found in the south-west corner of Mitre Square by the square's beat policeman PC Edward Watkins. Watkins said that he entered the square at 1:44 a.m, having previously been there at 1:30 a.m. He called for assistance at a tea warehouse in the square, where night watchman George James Morris, who was an ex-policeman, had noticed nothing unusual. Neither had another watchman (George Clapp) at 5 Mitre Square or an off-duty policeman (Richard Pearse) at 3 Mitre Square.

paragraph: Police surgeon Dr. Frederick Gordon Brown, who arrived after 2:00 a.m., said of the scene:

paragraph: Brown conducted a post-mortem that afternoon, noting:

paragraph: Police physician Thomas Bond, disagreed with Brown's assessment of the killer's skill level. Bond's report to police stated: "In each case the mutilation was inflicted by a person who had no scientific nor anatomical knowledge. In my opinion he does not even possess the technical knowledge of a butcher or horse slaughterer or any person accustomed to cut up dead animals." Local surgeon Dr George William Sequeira, who was the first doctor at the scene, and City medical officer William Sedgwick Saunders, who was also present at the autopsy, also thought that the killer lacked anatomical skill and did not seek particular organs. In addition to the abdominal wounds, the murderer had cut Eddowes' face: across the bridge of the nose, on both cheeks, and through the eyelids of both eyes. The tip of her nose and part of one ear had been cut off. The Royal London Hospital on Whitechapel Road preserves some crime scene drawings and plans of the Mitre Square murder by the City Surveyor Frederick Foster; they were first brought to public attention in 1966 by Francis Camps, Professor of Forensic Medicine at London University. Based on his analysis of the surviving documents, Camps concluded that "the cuts shown on the body could not have been done by an expert."

paragraph: The Eddowes inquest was opened on 4 October by Samuel F. Langham, coroner for the City of London. A house-to-house search was conducted but nothing suspicious was discovered. Brown stated his belief that Eddowes was killed by a slash to the throat as she lay on the ground, and then mutilated.

paragraph: Section::::Investigation.

paragraph: A mustard tin containing two pawn tickets issued to Emily Birrell and Anne Kelly was discovered on Eddowes' body. These eventually led to her identification by John Kelly as his common-law wife, after he read about the tickets in the newspapers. His identification was confirmed by Catherine Eddowes' sister, Eliza Gold. No money was found on her. Though the murder occurred within the City of London, it was close to the boundary of Whitechapel where the previous Whitechapel murders had occurred. The mutilation of Eddowes' body and the abstraction of her left kidney and part of her womb by her murderer bore the signature of Jack the Ripper and was very similar in nature to that of earlier victim Annie Chapman.

paragraph: Due to the location of Mitre Square, the City of London Police under Detective Inspector James McWilliam joined the murder enquiry alongside the Metropolitan Police who had been engaged in the previous murders. At about 3 a.m. on the same day as Eddowes was murdered, a blood-stained fragment of her apron contaminated with fecal matter was found lying in the passage of the doorway leading to Flats 108 and 119, Model Dwellings, Goulston Street, Whitechapel. Above it on the wall was a graffito in chalk commonly held to have read: "The Juwes are the men that Will not be Blamed for nothing". The writing may or may not have been related to the murder, but either way it was washed away before dawn on the orders of Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Charles Warren, who feared that it would spark anti-Jewish riots. Mitre Square had three connecting streets: Church Passage to the north-east, Mitre Street to the south-west, and St James's Place to the north-west. As PC Harvey saw no-one from Church Passage, and PC Watkins saw no-one from Mitre Street, the murderer must have left the square northwards through St James's Place towards Goulston Street. Goulston Street was within a quarter of an hour's walk from Mitre Square, on a direct route to Flower and Dean Street where Eddowes lived, hinting that her murderer also resided nearby and headed back there after the killing.

paragraph: Major Henry Smith, acting Commissioner of the City Police, claimed in his memoirs to have discovered bloodied water in a public sink in a court off Dorset Street, and as the water was slowly running out of the basin, he calculated that the Ripper had been there only moments before. Ripper author Martin Fido thought it unlikely that the culprit would wait to wash his hands in a semi-public place about forty minutes after the crime, and Smith's memoirs are both unreliable and embellished for dramatic effect. There is no mention of the sink in the official police reports.

paragraph: Section::::Letter "from hell".

paragraph: On 1 October, a postcard, dubbed the "Saucy Jacky" postcard and signed "Jack the Ripper", was received by the Central News Agency. It claimed responsibility for Stride's and Eddowes' murders, and described the killing of the two women as the "double event", a designation which has endured. It has been argued that the postcard was mailed before the murders were publicised, making it unlikely that a crank would have such knowledge of the crime, but it was postmarked more than 24 hours after the killings took place, long after details were known by journalists and residents of the area. Police officials later claimed to have identified a journalist as the author of the postcard, and dismissed it as a hoax, an assessment shared by most Ripper historians.

paragraph: On 16 October 1888 a parcel containing half a human kidney accompanied by a note was received by George Lusk, Chairman of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee. The note has become known as the "Lusk letter" or the "From hell" letter, because of a phrase "from hell" used by the writer, who claimed to have "fried and ate" the missing kidney half. The handwriting and style were unlike that of the "Saucy Jacky" postcard. The kidney was taken to Dr Thomas Horrocks Openshaw at the nearby London Hospital. He believed that the kidney was human, from the left side, and preserved in spirit. The "Daily Telegraph" reported on 19 October that he said it was a recent "ginny kidney" from a 45-year-old female, but in the "Star" newspaper the same day Openshaw denied the report strongly, saying it was impossible to tell its age or gender, or how long it had been preserved in spirits. Major Smith claimed in his memoirs that the sent kidney matched the one missing from Eddowes, because the length of renal artery attached to the kidney matched the missing length from the body, and both the body and kidney showed signs of Bright's disease. Smith's later recollection does not match the medical reports submitted by the examining pathologists or the police records. Police surgeon Dr Brown said that the kidney had been trimmed up, and that the renal artery was entirely absent. Metropolitan police memos state that the kidney could have come from any body, such as those found in a hospital morgue. Smith's story is thought by historians to be dramatic licence on his part, and the kidney could have been a medical student's prank. Dr Saunders, who attended the post-mortem, told the press, "the right kidney of the woman Eddowes was perfectly normal in its structure and healthy ... my opinion is that it was a student's antic." Chief Inspector Donald Swanson, who co-ordinated the inquiry, wrote: "similar kidneys might and could be obtained from any dead person upon whom a post mortem had been made for any cause, by students or dissecting room porter."

paragraph: Section::::Funeral and aftermath.

paragraph: Catherine Eddowes was buried on Monday, 8 October 1888 in an elm coffin in the City of London Cemetery, in an unmarked (public) grave 49336, square 318. Kelly and Eddowes' sister attended. Today, square 318 has been re-used for part of the Memorial Gardens for cremated remains. Eddowes lies beside the Garden Way in front of Memorial Bed 1849. In late 1996, the cemetery authorities decided to mark her grave with a plaque.

paragraph: In 2014, mitochondrial DNA that matched that of one of Eddowes' descendants was extracted from a shawl said to have come from the scene of her murder. The DNA match was based on one of seven small segments taken from the hypervariable regions. The segment contained a sequence variation described as 314.1C, and claimed to be uncommon, with a frequency of only 1 in 290,000 worldwide. However, Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys and others pointed out this was in fact an error in nomenclature for the common sequence variation 315.1C, which is present in more than 99% of the sequences in the EMPOP database.

paragraph: Other DNA on the shawl matched DNA from a relation of Aaron Kosminski, one of the suspects. This match was also based on a segment of mitochondrial DNA, but no information was given that would enable the commonness of the sequence to be estimated.

paragraph: The owner of the shawl, British author Russell Edwards, claimed the matches proved Kosminski was Jack the Ripper. Others disagree. Donald Rumbelow criticized the claim, saying that no shawl is listed among Eddowes' effects by the police, and mitochondrial DNA expert Peter Gill said the shawl "is of dubious origin and has been handled by several people who could have shared that mitochondrial DNA profile." Two of Eddowes' descendants are known to have been in the same room as the shawl for 3 days in 2007, and, in the words of one critic, "The shawl has been openly handled by loads of people and been touched, breathed on, spat upon."

paragraph: Section::::Portrayals.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell's "From Hell", (based on Stephen Knight's "") Catherine Eddowes is introduced late in the narrative, and is targeted by the Ripper solely because she claims she is Mary Kelly, one of the four Whitechapel prostitutes targeted by Sir William Gull.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "SoulMate: True Evil Never Dies" (2012) Played by Anna Magoulas

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Real Jack the Ripper" (2010) TV Played by Sarah Williamson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jack, the Last Victim" (2005) Played by Janet Wheeler

paragraph: BULLET::::- "From Hell." (2001) Film Played by Lesley Sharp

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jack the Ripper" (1988) TV Played by Susan George

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jack the Ripper" (1973) TV Played by Hilary Sesta

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Study in Terror" (1965) Film Played by Kay Walsh

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Begg, Paul (2003). "Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History". London: Pearson Education.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Begg, Paul (2006). "Jack the Ripper: The Facts". Anova Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cook, Andrew (2009). "Jack the Ripper". Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edwards, Russell (2014). "Naming Jack the Ripper". London: Sidgwick and Jackson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evans, Stewart P.; Rumbelow, Donald (2006). "Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates". Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Evans, Stewart P.; Skinner, Keith (2000). "The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook: An Illustrated Encyclopedia". London: Constable and Robinson.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fido, Martin (1987). "The Crimes, Death and Detection of Jack the Ripper". Vermont: Trafalgar Square.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marriott, Trevor (2005). "Jack the Ripper: The 21st Century Investigation". London: John Blake.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rumbelow, Donald (2004). "The Complete Jack the Ripper. Fully Revised and Updated". Penguin Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- White, Jerry (2007). "London in the Nineteenth Century". London: Jonathan Cape.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Whitehead, Mark; Rivett, Miriam (2006). "Jack the Ripper". Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket Essentials.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wilson, Colin; Odell, Robin (1987) "Jack the Ripper: Summing Up and Verdict". Bantam Press.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Casebook: Jack the Ripper

alias:
Kate Conway
Kate Kelly

description: Whitechapel murder victim

wikidata_label: Catherine Eddowes

wikipedia_title: Catherine Eddowes


text:
Hungarian
Szekszárd
University of Budapest
Dezső Kosztolányi
Gyula Juhász
Baja
Szeged
Fogaras
Újpest
Budapest
Italy
Dante
Divine Comedy
Hungarian Revolution of 1919
pacifism
Nyugat
science fiction
Freudian psychology
utopian
Sophie Török
Esztergom
Kisfaludy Society
Baumgarten Prize
Zsigmond Móricz
laryngeal cancer
lyric poetry
English
French
German
Greek
Italian
Latin
His poem The Danaids in English

categories: Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,Translators to Hungarian,20th-century translators,Hungarian science fiction writers,People from Szekszárd,Hungarian Esperantists,20th-century Hungarian poets,Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery,1883 births,Male poets,1941 deaths

paragraph: Mihály Babits

paragraph: Mihály Babits (; November 26, 1883 – August 4, 1941) was a Hungarian poet, writer and translator. His poems are well known for their intense religious themes.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Babits was born in Szekszárd. He studied at the University of Budapest from 1901 to 1905, where he met Dezső Kosztolányi and Gyula Juhász. He worked to become a teacher and taught at schools in Baja (1905–06), Szeged (1906–08), Fogaras (1908–11), Újpest (1911), and Budapest (1912–18).

paragraph: His reputation for his poems in the literary life started in 1908.

paragraph: He made a trip to Italy in the same year, which made him interested in Dante; he made several other trips in later years. This experience led him to translate Dante's "Divine Comedy" ("Hell", 1913, "Purgatory", 1920, and "Paradise", 1923).

paragraph: Briefly after the Hungarian Revolution of 1919 he became a Professor of Foreign Literature and modern Hungarian literature at the University of Budapest, but was soon removed for his pacifism after the revolutionary government fell.

paragraph: In 1911, he became a staff writer on the magazine "Nyugat".

paragraph: Babits' 1918 novel "The Nightmare" (also known as "King's Stork") is a science fiction novel about a split personality influenced by Freudian psychology. "Elza pilóta, vagy a tökéletes társadalom" ("The Pilot Elza, or the Perfect Society") is set in a utopian future.

paragraph: In 1921 married , who later published poetry under the name "Sophie Török". Two years later he moved to Esztergom. In 1927 he became a member of the "Kisfaludy Társaság" (Kisfaludy Society) and in the same year he was made a trustee of the Baumgarten Prize.

paragraph: He became the editor-in-chief of "Nyugat" in 1929 (sharing the role until 1933 with Zsigmond Móricz), a position he held until his death.

paragraph: In 1937, he was diagnosed as having laryngeal cancer. He died in Budapest in 1941.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Babits is best known for his lyric poetry, influenced by classical and English forms. He also wrote essays and translated much from English, French, German, Greek, Italian, and Latin. There is a museum in Szekszárd showcasing Mihály Babits's work and life. His brother István Babits occupied the house most of the time, with his two sons: István and Tibor.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His poem The Danaids in English

description: Hungarian poet, translator

wikidata_label: Mihály Babits

wikipedia_title: Mihály Babits


text:
India
classical
Dhrupad
north
Indian classical music
Hindustani classical music
Aminuddin Dagar
Younger Dagar Brothers
Zia Mohiuddin Dagar
Zia Fariduddin Dagar
Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar
Bharat Ek Khoj
Pune

categories: 20th-century Indian singers,2017 deaths,Indian male classical singers,Hindustani singers,Indian Muslims,Singers from Rajasthan,1939 births,People from Alwar

paragraph: H. Sayeeduddin Dagar

paragraph: Ustad Hussain Sayeeduddin Dagar (20 April 1939 – 30 July 2017), popularly known as Saeed Bhai, was an Indian classical vocalist belonging to the Dhrupad tradition, the oldest existing form of north Indian classical music (Hindustani classical music). He was a part of the Dagar family of musicians. He represented the 19th generation of Dagar Tradition. His cousins Nasir Moinuddin Dagar and Nasir Aminuddin Dagar were known as the Senior Dagar Brothers. Similarly, Nasir Zahiruddin and Nasir Faiyazuddin Dagar were known as the Younger Dagar Brothers. His other cousins were Zia Mohiuddin Dagar, Zia Fariduddin Dagar, and Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar. He performed in the famous Bharat Ek Khoj.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Alwar, Rajasthan in 1939 into the Dagar family, Hussain Sayeeduddin Khan Dagar is the son of Hussainuddin Khan Dagar who died in 1963. Among the Dagar family, also known as the 'Dagar saptak', he was the last representative of the 19th generation of the Dagar lineage.

paragraph: He began his training at age 6 under his father Ustad Hussainuddin Khan Dagar, and later his uncle, Ustad Rahimuddin Khan Dagar. He had been the President of Dhrupad Society Jaipur and Pune.

paragraph: Hussain Sayeeduddin Khan Dagar resided in Pune.

wikidata_label: H. Sayeeduddin Dagar

wikipedia_title: H. Sayeeduddin Dagar


categories: Year of birth missing,Year of death missing,Japanese painters,19th-century Japanese artists

paragraph: Ryūryūkyo Shinsai

alias: Hanji Mannō Shinsai Hanjirō Ryūryūkyo Ryūkaen Masayuki

description: Japanese painter

wikidata_label: Ryūryūkyo Shinsai

wikipedia_title: Ryūryūkyo Shinsai


text:
Intermountain West
Whitman College
Berea College
Havasupai
Bret Harte
Wilson, New York
union school
Claverack Seminary
Mount Carroll Seminary
Shimer College
Henry Shimer
preceptress
New West Education Commission
Utah and Northern Railroad
Osage Indian Boarding School
Pawhuska
James Bigheart
Penitentes
Dox Sandstone
Berea College
Andrew Carnegie
Bowdoin College
Cedar Hill Cemetery

categories: 1941 deaths,Shimer College faculty,Educators from Hartford, Connecticut,People from Niagara County, New York,1851 births,American schoolteachers,University of Michigan Medical School alumni,Shimer College alumni

paragraph: Virginia Dox

paragraph: Virginia Dox (1851–1941) was a 19th-century American missionary, educator and explorer in the Intermountain West, and later a noted public speaker and fundraising agent for educational causes including Whitman College and Berea College. Under the auspices of the New West Education Commission, she founded schools in Idaho and New Mexico. She was the first white woman to explore the Grand Canyon, and also the first white woman to visit the Havasupai. Her vivid depictions of Western life for Eastern audiences earned her the nickname of "the female Bret Harte".

paragraph: In the course of her travels, Dox lived among 23 Indian tribes, and was an adopted member of nine: the Old Town Penobscot, Delaware, and Osage, and the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora. She was likewise adopted into the faculty of Whitman College, in recognition of her fundraising work, but was prevented from taking the position by a sudden decline in health.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Virginia Dox was born in Wilson, New York on October 31, 1851, the sixth of an eventual nine children of Susan Yates and Eldert Van Woert Dox. She received her primary education in Wilson. For secondary education, she initially attended the union school in nearby Lockport, New York, followed by Claverack Seminary. However, she eventually headed to northwestern Illinois to complete her studies at the Mount Carroll Seminary, later known as Shimer College.

paragraph: Dox graduated from the collegiate course of the Mount Carroll Seminary in 1875. She was one of a graduating class of eleven, then the largest in the school's history. After graduating, Dox stayed on as an instructor of English and music, until at least 1877. She also studied medicine during this period under Seminary physician and naturalist Henry Shimer, and continued these studies independently after leaving Mount Carroll and returning home. Upon returning to Wilson, she served as preceptress of the union school there.

paragraph: Intending to become a physician, Dox studied medicine the University of Michigan from 1880 to 1881. However, failing health forced her to abandon these studies, and she returned to Wilson once again. As she waited for her health to recover, she busied herself with writing and ornithology.

paragraph: Section::::Educational and missionary career.

paragraph: Dox worked for the New West Education Commission (NWEC) for six years. The NWEC was a Congregationalist missionary venture, founded in 1880. Dox's NWEC career began in December 1883, when the Commission sent her to the remote town of Oxford, Idaho to establish a school.

paragraph: In Oxford, Dox was the "pioneer pedagogue" for a school to be known as the New West Academy (a name it shared many others founded by the Commission). The town of Oxford, Idaho was then much more populous than it is today, with some 250 inhabitants, but extremely remote. It had however been reached by the Utah and Northern Railroad a few years before, in 1879, and was even home to a newspaper, the "Idaho Enterprise" (which later removed to Malad City). Almost all the inhabitants were Mormon, and there was also a preexisting Mormon school; however, Dox was able to draw more than thirty students for the new Academy, and the school continued to function for some time even after her departure. After more than a year in Oxford, she slipped and injured her leg badly, requiring surgery, but her students dissuaded her from abandoning the school by arranging the classrooms so that they would move around her instead of she around them, and providing a pony for her to get around the town. The kindness of the "uncouth" people of Oxford became a frequent topic in Dox's later speeches.

paragraph: In 1885, Dox was sent by the US government to the Osage Indian Boarding School at Pawhuska in present-day Oklahoma. Her predecessor there had beaten an Osage youth to death, not an uncommon atrocity in these institutions. As a result, she faced considerable hostility upon her arrival; this was alleviated when she was adopted as a daughter by the principal chief of the Osage, James Bigheart. Bigheart gave her an Osage name that was a partial translation of her Tuscarora name, meaning "Shining Light".

paragraph: Dox later worked for the NWEC in the Spanish-speaking village of San Mateo, New Mexico for a period variously described as three months, nine months, and "the entire school year". Here she met a much stiffer resistance than she had in Oxford. Her later stories about this period often focused on her difficult plight in the village, with a local priest scheming against her and a wealthy rancher trying to starve her out, and on the peculiar practices of the community's "Penitentes", but also mentioned the kindness of the local women who saved her from starvation and gave her gifts on her departure.

paragraph: Subsequently, Dox was one of several teachers who, after "tried experience" working for the NWEC, were tasked with going on speaking tours in the East to raise funds and support for the Commission's work. This led naturally to Dox's subsequent career as a public speaker for educational causes. She made her first eastern tour in 1888. She then returned to New Mexico for a time, working for the NWEC in the suburbs of Albuquerque.

paragraph: During her time in the Southwest, Dox was an early explorer of the Grand Canyon, where she was guided by William Bass in 1891. She was the first white woman to visit the Havasupai nation. The "Dox Castle" outcropping and the related bright red Dox Sandstone formation are named for her, supposedly in tribute to her bright red hair. She in turn gave the nearby Holy Grail Temple its original name, "Bass Tomb", after her guide. After emerging from the Grand Canyon, Dox wrote that "in all the wide, wide world there can be nothing more wonderful and beautiful."

paragraph: Section::::Fundraising and publicity career.

paragraph: Dox's work on behalf of Whitman College began around 1896, when she was contacted by a Whitman supporter, Dr. O.W. Nixon of the Chicago "Inter-Ocean". Although she had never visited the school, Dox went on speaking tours across the East and Midwest, seeking donations large and small, sometimes giving five speeches in a single day. Her work raised $250,000 for Whitman's Pearson Memorial Endowment. She is sometimes credited with the school's ability to survive its first financial crisis and continue into the 20th century. Dox was rewarded with an appointment to the Whitman College faculty in 1899, but was unable to accept it, as in that year her health took a severe turn for the worse, under the strain of her lecturing work.

paragraph: Dox also served as a fundraising agent for Berea College in Kentucky, although at a lower level, since only became acquainted with Berea in 1901. Her support was instrumental in gaining for a major gift of $200,000 to Berea by Andrew Carnegie in 1908. The college president William G. Frost had been unable to see Carnegie in the US, but Dox raised funds and encouraged him to travel to Europe, where he was able to meet with Carnegie in Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Although she had not intended to become a collector, her travels left Dox with a considerable collection of American Indian artwork. Upon realizing the value of this collection upon her return east, she donated it to Bowdoin College in 1893, as the "Virginia Dox Collection of American Antiquities". Bowdoin had been the first men's college to allow her to address its students.

paragraph: After her health broke in 1899, Dox was incapacitated for five years. She later returned to fundraising and speaking work, but only on a much smaller scale than before. Living quietly in Hartford, Connecticut, Dox gradually slipped into obscurity. A 1932 feature article in the "Hartford Courant" introduced her as "a forgotten heroine."

paragraph: Dox died on February 14, 1941, at the age of 89. She was buried in Hartford's Cedar Hill Cemetery. Although of slowly failing health, she had remained healthy enough to hold an open house for her 89th birthday in 1940.

paragraph: Today, Dox is remembered chiefly in the name of the Dox wing of Prentiss Hall, a women's dormitory at Whitman College, and in the names of the Dox Castle butte and Dox Sandstone of the Grand Canyon.

description: American schoolteacher

wikidata_label: Virginia Dox

wikipedia_title: Virginia Dox


text:
fl.
plebeian
gens Afrania
Lucius Afranius
consul
praetor
Valerius Maximus
Ulpian
Afrania (gens)

categories: 48 BC deaths,Afranii,Ancient Roman women,Year of birth unknown,1st-century BC Romans

paragraph: Gaia Afrania

paragraph: Gaia (or Caia) Afrania (fl. 1st century BC) was the wife of the senator Licinius Buccio. Afrania was born into an old plebeian family, the gens Afrania. She lived during the chaotic time of the breakup of the Republic, dying in 48 BC. She often brought suits to court. Perhaps the sister of Lucius Afranius, consul in 60, she always pleaded her own cases before the praetor instead of waiting for male family members to defend her, thus giving occasion to the publishing of the edict which forbade all women to postulate. Valerius Maximus's narrative indicates that she was successfully able to argue her cases, although he looked upon it negatively. Ulpian condemns Afrania as the cause for the edict, stating that it was meant to prevent women's involvement in the legal business of others. He believed that it was too immodest for women and that it was a duty for males.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Afrania (gens)

description: Roman woman

wikidata_label: Gaia Afrania

wikipedia_title: Gaia Afrania


text:
Tmutarakan
Chernigov
Kievan Rus'
Vladimir the Great
Grand Prince of Kiev
Strait of Kerch
Yaroslav the Wise
Dniester River
Chernigov
Ukraine
Vladimir the Great
Grand Prince of Kiev
His exact position in Vladimir's family
Primary Chronicle
Rogneda of Polotsk
Czech
George Vernadsky
Tmutarakan
khagan
Strait of Kerch
Sea of Azov
Black Sea
steppes
emporium
Byzantine Empire
Izyaslav
Yaroslav the Wise
John Skylitzes
Sphengos
Khazaria
Varangian
Svein
Circassian
Kassogians
druzhina
Holy Virgin
Kiev
Khazar
Kiev
Severians
East Slavic
Desna River
Chernihiv
Principality of Chernigov
Varangian
Novgorod
Dnieper River
cathedral
Alans
Don
Poland
Cherven towns
Poles

categories: Princes of Chernigov,Eastern Orthodox monarchs,970s births,1036 deaths

paragraph: Mstislav of Chernigov

paragraph: Mstislav Vladimirovich (; ; ) was the earliest attested prince of Tmutarakan and Chernigov in Kievan Rus'. He was a younger son of Vladimir the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. His father appointed him to rule Tmutarakan, an important fortress by the Strait of Kerch, in or after 988.

paragraph: He invaded the core territories of Kievan Rus', which were ruled by his brother, Yaroslav the Wise, in 1024. Although Mstislav could not take Kiev, he forced the East Slavic tribes dwelling to the east of the Dniester River to accept his suzerainty. Yaroslav the Wise also accepted the division of Kievan Rus' along the river after Mstislav had defeated him in a battle fought at Listven by Chernigov (presents-day Chernihiv, Ukraine). Mstislav transferred his seat to the latter town, and became the first ruler of the principality emerging around it.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Mstislav was one of the many sons of Vladimir the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. His exact position in Vladimir's family is disputed, because Vladimir, who had seven wives and many concubines before his conversion, fathered two sons called Mstislav, according to the "Primary Chronicle". One of them was born to Rogneda of Polotsk, who had been forced to be the first wife of Vladimir in the late 970s. The second Mstislav was born to a Czech woman. Historians debate whether the future prince of Tmutarakan and Chernihiv was the son of Rogneda or Vladimir's Czech wife: the first option is preferred by George Vernadsky, the second by Janet Martin.

paragraph: Section::::Prince of Tmutarakan.

paragraph: Vladimir the Great administered large portions of Kievan Rus' through his sons by placing them in towns in the borderlands. The "Primary Chronicle" narrates, under the year 988, that Mstislav became the prince of Tmutarakan after the death of one of his brothers, Vysheslav of Novgorod. Vernadsky writes that Mstislav, as ruler of Tmutarakan, assumed the title of "khagan".

paragraph: Tmutarakan was an important town controlling the Strait of Kerch between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. It was separated from other parts of the Kievan Rus' by the steppes. Under Mstislav, who was the first known prince of Tmutarakan, the town developed into an important emporium for traders from the Kievan Rus' and the Byzantine Empire.

paragraph: Vladimir the Great died in 1014 while preparing a campaign against his rebellious son, Izyaslav. Mstislav remained neutral during the civil war which followed his father's death and ended with the victory of his brother, Yaroslav the Wise in 1019. The Byzantine chronicler John Skylitzes writes of one "Sphengos, the brother of Vladimir" who assisted the imperial fleet in attacking "Khazaria" in 1016. According to the historians Simon Franklin and Jonathan Shepard, this Sphengoswhose name seems to be the Greek variant of the Varangian Svein or Sveinki namescould well have been identical with Mstislav.

paragraph: In 1022, Mstislav killed Rededia, the prince of the Circassian tribe of the Kassogians in a duel after violating the agreed upon rules in the duel. Rededia proposed a physical duel without the use of arms in order to spare the possibility of more war and death for the Kassogians who were already in a semi-permanent state of war. Mstislav agreed and the duel began, Rededia immediately asserted his dominance and defeated Mstislav. Caught unaware, Mstislav unsheathed a concealed dagger and betrayed Rededia and the honour of the duel by stabbing him. Rededia later, in his dying breaths, insisted that his comrades do not hold a blood vendetta to avoid further grueling wars for the Kassogians who had already fought the Mongols previous to Mstislav's campaign. Rededia's legacy was immortalized by his fellow Kassogian bards and his name continues to live even in modern Circassian minstrels, poems and folk songs. According to the "Primary Chronicle", he seized Rededia's "wife and children" and "imposed tribute upon the Kasogians" after his victory. Many Kassogians joined Mstislav's "druzhina" or retinue. He had a church, dedicated to the Holy Virgin, built in his seat in fulfillment of the oath he had taken before the duel.

paragraph: Section::::Prince of Chernigov.

paragraph: In 1024, while Yaroslav the Wise was away from Kiev, Mstislav led his army, which included Kassogian and Khazar troops, against Kiev. Although he could not enter the capital of Rus' because of the locals' opposition, he forced the Severiansan East Slavic tribe dwelling along the Desna River to the east of Kievto accept his suzerainty. He transferred his seat from Tmutarakan to Chernihiv, which was the second largest town in Kievan Rus'. For no source mentions a local prince ruling in Chernigov before this event, historians regard Mstislav as the first ruler of the Principality of Chernigov. He had the citadel expanded and the defensive works surrounding the suburb reinforced in his new seat.

paragraph: Section::::Duumvirate.

paragraph: Yaroslav the Wise, who mustered Varangian troops in Novgorod, invaded Mstislav's domain in 1024. In the decisive battle, which was fought at Listven near Chernihiv, Mstislav emerged the victor. Yaroslav the Wise surrendered all the territories to the east of the Dnieper River to Mstislav. After this distribution of the lands of Kievan Rus' Mstislav ruled in his principality autonomously. He ordered the erection of a stone and masonry cathedral, dedicated to the Transfiguration of the Holy Savior, in his capital in 1030 or 1031.

paragraph: Mstislav forced the Alans who dwelled along the lower course of the river Don to accept his suzerainty in 1029. He closely cooperated with his brother in the last years of his life. Yaroslav and Mstislav jointly invaded Poland and occupied the Cherven towns in 1031. The "Primary Chronicle" narrates that they "also captured many Poles and distributed them as colonists in various districts."

paragraph: Mstislav's only known son, Evstafy died in 1033. According to the "Primary Chronicle", Mstislav "fell sick and died" on a hunting expedition between 1034 and 1036. He was

paragraph: buried in the Transfiguration of the Holy Savior Cathedral which had been by that time "built to a point higher than a man on horseback could reach with his hand". For Mstislav died having no sons /he had at least one daughter though/, his principality was united with his brother's realm.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057" (Translated by John Wortley with Introductions by Jean-Claude Cheynet and Bernard Flusin and Notes by Jean-Claude Cheynet) (2010). Cambridge University Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text" (Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor) (1953). Medieval Academy of America. .

description: Prince of Tmutarakan and Prince of Chernihiv

wikidata_label: Mstislav of Chernigov

wikipedia_title: Mstislav of Chernigov


text:
Ottoman Sultan
Murad II
Mehmed II
Bayezid II
Islam
Ilber Ortayli
Bursa
Tomb
Muradiye Complex
epitaph
türbe
Muslim
Mehmed II
Bursa
Hatun
List of consorts of the Ottoman Sultans
List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans
Peirce, Leslie P.
Oxford University Press
General Culture

categories: 15th-century women of the Ottoman Empire,Wives of Ottoman Sultans,People of the Ottoman Empire of Serbian descent,15th-century people of the Ottoman Empire,Princesses,Valide sultan

paragraph: Hüma Hatun

paragraph: Hüma Hatun (, 1410 ‒ September 1449) was the fourth wife of Ottoman Sultan Murad II and mother of Mehmed II and the grandmother of Bayezid II.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: She was a slave girl. Nothing is known of her family background, apart from the fact that an Ottoman inscription (vakfiye) describes her as "Hātun binti Abdullah" (daughter of Abdullah); at that time, people who converted to Islam were given the name "Abdullah" meaning "Servant of God", which is evidence of her non-Muslim origin. Her name, "hüma", means "bird of paradise", after the Persian legend. There are two traditions or theories on her origin: that she was an Italian woman named Stella, perhaps a Jewess;, that she was Macedonian, as Ilber Ortayli contends that she was of Christian Macedonian descent. She died in September 1449 in Bursa.

paragraph: Her tomb is located at the site known as ""Hatuniye Kümbedi" (Hatuniye Tomb)" to the east of Muradiye Complex. The quarter where her tomb lies has been known thus far as "Hüma Hatun Quarter". Her name is not inscribed on the 1449 dated epitaph of the türbe, but she is praised as an excellent Muslim mother. In addition, her name is given as "Hüma Hatun", the mother of Mehmed II in Bursa Şeriyye sicils "(The notebooks number 31, 201 and 370)."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hatun

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of consorts of the Ottoman Sultans

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Peirce, Leslie P., The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire, Oxford University Press, 1993, (paperback).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları "(Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications)", 15th Ed., 2009, (Hardcover).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Osmanlı Padişahlarının yabancı anneleri ve padişahların yabancılarla evlenme gerekçeleri. Cafrande Kültür Sanat ve Hayat. 13 March 2008. General Culture

description: Ottoman sultan

wikidata_label: Hüma Hatun

wikipedia_title: Hüma Hatun


text: Amsterdam

text: Dutch

text: composer

text: essay

text: classicist

text: University of Amsterdam

text: cum laude

text: Latin

text: Seneca

text: self-taught

text: polyphony

text: Wagnerian

text: chromaticism

text: impressionistic

text: Debussy

text: Ancient Greek dramatists

text: Roman Rite

text: Goethe

text: Novalis

text: Vondel

text: Brentano

text: Hölderlin

text: Heine

text: Nietzsche

text: Baudelaire

text: Verlaine

text: Gustav Mahler

text: Fourth Symphony

text: Concertgebouw

text: Fauré

text: Debussy

text: Richard Strauss

text: Arnold Schoenberg

text: Melchior von Diepenbrock

text: Biography

categories: Dutch essayists,1862 births,Dutch male classical composers,1921 deaths,Romantic composers,Dutch classical composers,Writers from Amsterdam,Musicians from Amsterdam,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Alphons Diepenbrock

paragraph: Alphonsus Johannes Maria Diepenbrock (2 September 1862 in Amsterdam – 5 April 1921) was a Dutch composer, essayist and classicist.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Diepenbrock was not a musician by training. Brought up in a prosperous Catholic family, although he showed musical ability as a child, the expectation was that he would enter a university rather than a conservatory. And so he studied classics at the University of Amsterdam, gaining his doctorate cum laude in 1888 with a dissertation in Latin on the life of Seneca. The same year he became a teacher, a job which he held until 1894, and his decision to devote himself to music. As a composer, he had been completely self-taught from an early age.

paragraph: He created a musical idiom which, in a highly personal manner, combined 16th-century polyphony with Wagnerian chromaticism, to which in later years was added the impressionistic refinement that he encountered in Debussy's music.

paragraph: His predominantly vocal output is distinguished by the high quality of the texts used. Apart from the Ancient Greek dramatists and the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, he was inspired by, among others, Goethe, Novalis, Vondel, Brentano, Hölderlin, Heine, Nietzsche, Baudelaire and Verlaine.

paragraph: As a conductor, he performed many contemporary works, including Gustav Mahler's Fourth Symphony (at the Concertgebouw) as well as works by Fauré and Debussy.

paragraph: Throughout his life, Diepenbrock continued his interests in the wider cultural sphere, remaining a classics tutor and publishing works on literature, painting, politics, philosophy and religion. Indeed, during his lifetime his musical skills were often overlooked. Nonetheless, Diepenbrock was very much a respected figure within musical circles. He counted amongst his friends Mahler, Richard Strauss and Arnold Schoenberg.

paragraph: Alphons Diepenbrock is related to Cardinal Melchior von Diepenbrock, who was his great uncle, as well as to a branch of the family that immigrated to America in 1879.

paragraph: He married Rosmalen,Netherlands 8 August 1895 Lady Wilhelmina Elisabeth Cornelia Petronella de Jong van Beek en Donk.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Missa in die festo" 1891

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Te Deum" 1897

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ik ben in eenzaamheid niet meer alleen" 1898

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hymne an die Nacht" 1899

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vondels vaart naar Agrippine" 1903

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Im Grossen Schweigen" 1906

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Nacht" 1911

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marsyas" 1910

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gijsbreght van Aemstel" 1912

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lydische Nacht" 1913

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De Vogels" 1917

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Elektra" 1920

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alphons Diepenbrock Oeuvrecatalogus - online database of all compositions by Alphons Diepenbrock

description: Dutch composer, essayist and classicist

wikidata_label: Alphons Diepenbrock

wikipedia_title: Alphons Diepenbrock


text:
Moldavian
nobleman
voivode
Cantemir dynasty
Moldavia
phanariot
Moldavian
Crimean
Tatar
voivode
Moldavia
Ottoman
Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino
Demetrius
Cantacuzene
tax farmer
Great Turkish War
Poland
Austria
Nogai Tatars
Habsburgs
Antioch
Demetrius
Russia
Miron Costin
man of letters
conspiracy
Neculce
Antioch
Britain
France
Enlightenment
Juvenal
Horace
Voltaire
Montesquieu
Demetrius
Ottomans
Constantin Duca
Wallachian
voivode
Constantin Brâncoveanu
Khan Temir

categories: Rulers of Moldavia,1693 deaths,People of the Great Turkish War,1612 births,Cantemirești family

paragraph: Constantin Cantemir

paragraph: Constantin or Constantine Cantemir (1612–1693) was a Moldavian nobleman, soldier, and statesman who served as voivode between 25 June 1685 and 27 March 1693. He established the Cantemir dynasty which—with interruptions—ruled Moldavia prior to the imposition of phanariot rule.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Constantin was born into a Moldavian family of Crimean Tatar origin in 1612. He was created voivode of Moldavia by its Ottoman overlords in 1685, being favored over his rival Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino. (His son Demetrius would later marry a Cantacuzene princess.) Constantin was a good and conscientious ruler, protecting his people from rapacious tax farmers. He largely brought peace to his realm, but served in campaigns of the Great Turkish War against Poland and Austria. Under his rule, Moldavia was invaded twice, once by the Nogai Tatars and once by Poland. Nonetheless, he constantly informed the Polish and Habsburgs of Turkish designs and his sons Antioch and Demetrius, who eventually succeeded him, would be instrumental in allying Moldavia to Russia in its first wars against the Turks.

paragraph: In 1691, Cantemir ordered Miron Costin, a Moldavian chronicler and man of letters, to be put to death on charges of conspiracy.

paragraph: According to Neculce, Constantin was illiterate to the point of only being able to write his own signature. Nonetheless, he ensured that his sons received a good education. His grandson Antioch would serve as Russia's ambassador to Britain and France at the height of the Enlightenment, penning satires after Juvenal, translating Horace, and befriending Voltaire and Montesquieu.

paragraph: Constantin died in 1693 at the age of 80. His son Demetrius notionally succeeded him but was passed over by the Ottomans in favor of Constantin Duca, who was supported by his father-in-law, the Wallachian voivode Constantin Brâncoveanu.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khan Temir

description: Ruler of Moldavia

wikidata_label: Constantin Cantemir

wikipedia_title: Constantin Cantemir


text:
Parthian Empire
Gotarzes I
Median
Ecbatana
Rhagae
Sanatruces

categories: 1st-century BC Iranian monarchs,Parthian kings

paragraph: Orodes I of Parthia

paragraph: Orodes I () ruled the Parthian Empire from c. 85 to 80 BC in succession to Gotarzes I and Mithridates III. He reigned during the "Parthian Darkage," which was a period of internal turmoil and civil war for the Parthian Empire. Coins bearing Orodes' likeness were issued from the Median mints of the cities of Ecbatana and Rhagae.

paragraph: The history of Parthia is quite obscure during this period, but Orodes' reign seems to have ended, as it had begun, in civil war with an unknown claimant. The name of his successor, Arsaces XVI, is also unknown, and it is only with the beginning of the reign of Sanatruces, c. 77 BC, that the line of Parthian rulers can again be reliably traced.

paragraph: Orodes is mentioned as king of kings of the Arsacid dynasty in a Babylonian report of the lunar eclipse of 11 April 80 BC.

wikidata_label: Orodes I of Parthia

wikipedia_title: Orodes I of Parthia


text:
Governor General
Swedish Estonia
captain
Scanian War
Charles XI
major
Swedish Pomerania
Prussia
Riga
prince Charles
Life Guards regiment
Stockholm
Great Northern War
Charles XII
dragoon
colonel
Dorpat
Riga
battle of Rauge
major general
Boris Sheremetev
Erastfer
Sagnitz
Hummelshof
Lewenhaupt
Kurland
Narva
Dorpat
Reval
Russia
battle of Poltava
Nordisk Familjebok

categories: 18th-century Latvian people,17th-century Latvian people,People from Swedish Livonia,1658 births,Swedish nobility,Swedish military personnel of the Great Northern War,Caroleans,1739 deaths

paragraph: Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach

paragraph: Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach (1653–1721) was Governor General of Swedish Estonia from 1704 to 1706.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Livonia, Schlippenbach participated as a captain in the Swedish army Scanian War under Charles XI and served later as a major in Swedish Pomerania and Prussia. In 1688 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in governor Soop's regiment in Riga; in 1693 he was transferred to young prince Charles's Life Guards regiment in Stockholm.

paragraph: When the Great Northern War broke out after the prince was crowned as Charles XII, Schlippenbach raised a regiment of dragoons in Livonia, of which he became the colonel. When Charles broke winter camp at Dorpat (present-day Tartu) and headed towards Riga in early 1701, Schlippenbach was left behind to defend the Livonian border. He won the battle of Rauge on 5 September 1701 and was subsequently promoted to major general, but was then defeated by a large Russian force under Boris Sheremetev at Erastfer on 30 December the same year and at Sagnitz and Hummelshof on 19 July 1702. In 1703 he had to transfer a good part of his forces to reinforce Lewenhaupt's in Kurland. This left him powerless to prevent Narva and Dorpat from falling into Russian hands in 1704, the same year he was named Governor General in Reval (present-day Tallinn).

paragraph: When Lewenhaupt marched into Russia in 1708, Schlippenbach followed as colonel of his dragoon regiment. At the battle of Poltava he led a reconnaissance cavalry squad on the right wing and was captured. He was released from the Russian captivity in 1712, began serving Russia in the rank of general-major in 1712, was promoted to the rank of general-lieutenant in 1714 and died in 1721.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nordisk Familjebok, Owl Edition.

description: Swedish politician

wikidata_label: Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach

wikipedia_title: Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach


text:
painter
Gaul
Nantes
Vendée
René Marie Luminais
Loire-Inférieure
Indre-et-Loire
Auguste Debay
Léon Cogniet
Léon Bonnat
Constant Troyon
Hélène de Sahuguet d'Amarzit d'Espagnac
War of 1870
Paris Salon
Légion d'honneur
1889 Exposition
Douadic
Albert Maignan
Emily Sartain
genre
academic painter
Third Republic
Gauls
Alemanni
Franks
Battle of Tolbiac
Théophile Gautier
Chateaubriand
Merovingian
Pepin the Short
Childeric III
Pope Zachary
Saint-Omer
Théodore Hersart de La Villemarqué
Breton
Barzaz Breiz
Gradlon
Ys
St. Winwaloe
Dahut
Quimper
Rennes
Jumièges
Clovis II
Seine
Abbey of Jumièges
Simone de Beauvoir
National Gallery of South Australia
National Gallery of Victoria
Art Gallery of New South Wales
Sydney
Musée des Beaux-Arts
Rouen
Dagobert I
fresco
Paris Commercial Bourse

categories: 1896 deaths,People from Nantes,1822 births,19th-century French painters

paragraph: Évariste Vital Luminais

paragraph: Évariste Vital Luminais (; 13 October 1821 – 10 or 15 May 1896) was a French painter. He is best known for works depicting early French history and is sometimes called "the painter of the Gauls".

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Luminais was born in Nantes into a parliamentary and legal family. His great-grandfather Michel Luminais was an official in the Vendée; his grandfather Michel-Pierre Luminais represented the Vendée in parliament from 1799 to 1803; and his father, René Marie Luminais, represented Loire-Inférieure from 1831 to 1834 and Indre-et-Loire from 1848 to 1849. Aware of his natural artistic talent, his family sent him to Paris when he was 18 to study with the painter and sculptor Auguste Debay. He also studied with Léon Cogniet, a historical and portrait painter whose pupils included Léon Bonnat, and Constant Troyon, who painted landscapes and animals.

paragraph: He married twice. By his first wife, Anne Foiret, he had a daughter, Esther. After Anne's death in 1874, he remarried in 1876 to one of his pupils, Hélène de Sahuguet d'Amarzit d'Espagnac; she had been married to Claude Durand de Neuville but had been widowed in the War of 1870.

paragraph: He made his official début at the 1843 Paris Salon, where two of his paintings were hung. He won medals at the Salons of 1852, 1855, 1857, 1861 and 1889. In 1869, he was awarded the Légion d'honneur. He won the gold medal at the 1889 Exposition, and was a founder member of the Société des Artistes Français. For more than forty years, he divided his time between his Paris studio at 17 boulevard Lannes and his summer house and studio in the village of Douadic, in the Brenne region. The area had been recommended to him by two friends, Jules de Vorys and Louis Fombelle. Among his students were Albert Maignan and Emily Sartain; he was one of the few Academy painters who would teach women.

paragraph: Luminais died in Paris at the age of 75 and was buried in the little cemetery in Douadic. His native city of Nantes has a street named for him.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Luminais worked in the genre and historical modes. He was among the academic painters who satisfied a social demand for aggrandising, even propagandistic historical works in the early years of the Third Republic, after the defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. As such, he shared in their condemnation by the advocates of modern art. However, in some paintings, such as "The Widow" (1865) he foreshadows social realism. He also used a historical dressing to make hunting and peasant scenes more palatable to the Academy.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Gauls and other ancient peoples.

paragraph: Luminais played an important part in disseminating the iconography of the Gauls; their popular image, with long hair and winged helmets, was developed by historians at this time as part of an examination of French history. Sometimes called 'the painter of the Gauls', he also depicted other scenes of early medieval history, often clashes between different peoples, such as campaign-hardened Romans in breastplates reinforced with metal battling daring Celts who are bare-chested, with only helmet and shield for protection.

paragraph: More unusually among historical artists of the time, he also depicted the Franks, whose contribution to French history was then generally underrated in favour of the Gauls. His painting of the Alemannic rout at the hands of the Franks in the Battle of Tolbiac impressed Théophile Gautier at the 1848 Salon. His "Frankish Cavalry in Combat" was inspired by reading Chateaubriand. His paintings on Merovingian topics emphasise the barbaric cruelty of the rulers. Pepin the Short's overthrow of Childeric III with the agreement of Pope Zachary and the deposed king's imprisonment in the Monastery of St. Bertin at Saint-Omer is the subject of his painting "The Last of the Merovingians", for which he reportedly used one Jean Marie Dagobert as his model. At the 1883 Salon, the critic Charles Bigot hoped this would indeed be Luminais "last" Merovingian painting.

paragraph: As was common among historical painters at the time, his paintings contain anachronisms and out of place details. For example, in the 1906 painting of a Gaul returning from the hunt, the clothing is anachronistic and the helmet more a characterisation of the mounted man as a Gaul than a hunting accessory. The long red hair is part of the 19th-century image of the Gaul. His "In Sight of Rome" shows the same liberty: the shield on the left and the helmets are not realistic. The Celtic incursion into Italy made an early and lasting impression on artists. In depicting the Merovingian Franks, 19th-century painters unaware of archaeological evidence costumed queens in Oriental Germanic fashion, as in Luminais' "Merovingian Princess". Luminais' approach focussed more on distancing the image from the present than on evoking a specific era.

paragraph: Having met Théodore Hersart de La Villemarqué, who had published a collection of popular Breton songs, "Barzaz Breiz", around 1884 he based on one of the songs his "Flight of King Gradlon", depicting the king fleeing on horseback from his city of Ys as it is swallowed by the sea; St. Winwaloe urges him to jettison his only child, Dahut. The art museums in Quimper, Rennes and Nantes hold several sketches for the work. Exhibited at the Salon of 1884, the painting was hailed as a "superb dramatic group, full of life".

paragraph: Section::::Works.:"The Sons of Clovis II".

paragraph: In 1880 he painted his most famous Merovingian painting, "The Sons of Clovis II", also called "Les Énervés de Jumièges" (the enervated men of Jumièges), based on a legend concerning the 7th-century Merovingian king Clovis II: after rebelling against their father, the two princes are said to have been punished according to their own mother's suggestion by the removal of their vital force ("enervation") through the destruction of the tendons of their muscles; they were then set adrift on a raft in the River Seine, at the mercy of God, but according to the legend they were rescued by the monks of the Abbey of Jumièges and later reconciled with their parents. The version exhibited at the 1880 Salon created a sensation and is judged to be his best work. The painting evokes varying and strong reactions; Simone de Beauvoir wrote in 1960 of "calm horror".

paragraph: The work went through a number of stages of refinement. The first study, "Première pensée pour les Énervés de Jumièges", shows the cutting of the tendons and depicts four figures; a second study depicts the raft floating down the river, but has three figures, prefiguring the men's salvation by the monks. The two finished paintings show only the two figures alone on the raft. The version shown at the Salon was sold to Australia under the title "The Sons of Clovis II" and after being exhibited in various locations including Wallis & Sons' gallery of French paintings in London (1881), the Munich International Exposition (1883), the National Gallery of South Australia and the National Gallery of Victoria (1896), is now in the Art Gallery of New South Wales in Sydney. The second version, with greater emphasis on the grandeur of nature, was kept by Luminais; after his death it was acquired by the State and in 1912 was deposited in the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Rouen.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Brenne paintings.

paragraph: At his summer studio in Douadic, he painted works reflecting his love of nature and of hunting, such as:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Hallali, memories of hunting in Brenne in 1863"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Two Guardians"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Folle du Tertre" (the madwoman of the mound), based on a local legend

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hunting Through the Ages", six-panel work for the dining room of his friend Louis Fombelle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Illustrations for Jules de Vorys' book on Dagobert I, "Dagobert en Brenne"

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Monumental painting.

paragraph: Luminais was one of five artists who collaborated between 1886 and 1889 on a monumental fresco, more than in area, for the interior of the dome of the Paris Commercial Bourse, representing the history of intercontinental trade. It includes a scene representing America which features Indians, slaves, labourers, cowboys, and a steam train representing the modern world.

paragraph: Section::::Further information.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Françoise Daum, Dominique Dussol "et al". "Evariste Vital Luminais, Peintre des Gaules, 1821–1896". Exhibition catalogue. Carcassonne: Musée des beaux-arts; Charleville-Mézières: Musée de l'Ardenne, 2002. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gilles Brenta and Claude François (script and direction). "Le Défilé des toiles". VHS documentary. 52 mins. Brussels: Les Trois petits cochons, 1997. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claude Duty. "Les Énervés de Jumièges". Short film, in "Claude Duty réalisateur: six films courts." VHS compilation. 72 mins. France: Production A.A.A. / Stellaire Production, 1986–1995. .

alias:
Evariste Vital Luminais
Évariste Luminais
Evariste Luminais
Luminais

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Évariste Vital Luminais

wikipedia_title: Évariste Vital Luminais


text:
Highbury Grove School
Rhodes Boyson
Chelsea School of Art
Chelsea School of Art
Royal College of Art
Allen's website
At ASDA's George

categories: English fashion designers,Luxury brands,People from Islington (district),Shops in London,1958 births,Clothing brands of the United Kingdom,Suit makers,Alumni of Chelsea College of Art & Design,Tailors,Alumni of the Royal College of Art,High fashion brands,Living people,British suit makers

paragraph: Charlie Allen (designer)

paragraph: Charles Allen (born 1958) is a British designer.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Allen was educated at Highbury Grove School (under Rhodes Boyson) and at the Chelsea School of Art where he earned a diploma of art & design. At Chelsea School of Art, Allen specialised in painting and silk-screen printing.

paragraph: In 1982, he graduated with a Master of Art in Menswear Design from the Royal College of Art since when he has been practising, in varying forms, as a tailor and designer.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Allen was a winner of the International Linen Designer of the Year award and was Head of Menswear at the Royal College of Art (R.C.A.) from 1994 to 1997.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Men's Wear", 2 July 1981;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "West Indian News", 19 March 1986, by Jeff Lee;

paragraph: BULLET::::- PRIDE, February/March 1995, by Ameachi Odiatu;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlie Allen|Tailor and England kit designer", in "Football Focus Europe", Issue 04, by Robbie Thompson;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "H & H", series I, 5 September 1997, by Gareth Davies;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "UNTOLD", June/July 2001, by Peter Akinti;

paragraph: BULLET::::- The style interview, ARENA, July 2002;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlie chosen to overhaul top tailor", by Stephen Lucas in the "Highbury & Islington Express", 25 October 2002;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bob Jerrard, David Hands, & Jack Ingram, "Design Management Case Studies", Routledge/Psychology Press, 2002 .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The thinking man's tailor", profile in "Drapers", by Diana Whitehead, 17 May 2003;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frances Ross, "Refashioning London Tailors; A study of new textiles, Design and technology in men's contemporary fashion", University of the Arts, London, London College of Fashion, School of Fashion Promotion and Management, London, 2005 ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- mwb, October 2006, by Tom Bottomley;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Capello calls up Savile Row", Jonathan Owen in "The Independent on Sunday", 15 March 2009;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "40 years of shirt, England's 40th new kit since 66.. and the most expensive", in the "Daily Mirror", 16 March 2009, by Will Payne;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Simon Mills in "The Guardian", 31 March 2009;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "It's just Fabio for top tailor Charlie", by Duncan Hepburn, in the "Islington Gazette", 2 July 2009;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A stylish cut...Asda to sell 'Savile Row' suit for £79", in the "Evening Standard", 2 September 2010, by Terry Kirby & Karen Dacre;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stuart Jeffries, in "The Guardian", 4 January 2011.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allen's website

paragraph: BULLET::::- At ASDA's George

description: British fashion designer

wikidata_label: Charlie Allen

wikipedia_title: Charlie Allen (designer)


text:
chevalier de l'Empire
French
French Revolution
French Empire
Napoleon Bonaparte
Sézanne
Marne
France
Reims
Revolution
Bastille
National Assembly
Jacobin
Legislative Assembly
Marne
French monarchy was jeopardized
Extraordinary Commission of Twelve
Louis XVI
National Convention
trial of Louis XVI
Girondist
Maximilien Robespierre
Committee of Public Safety
French Terror
Maximilien Robespierre
Georges Lefebvre
Danton
Committee of Public Safety
Festival of the Supreme Being
Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
Jacobin Club
Committee of Public Safety
Constitution of 1793
Girondists
Germinal Insurrection
Jacobin
Prairial Insurrection
faubourgs
Pierre-Joseph Cambon
amnesty
National Convention
Thermidorean Reaction
Seine
French Empire
chevalier de l'Empire
French Restoration
banished
regicide
Liège
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Belgium

categories: 1753 births,1829 deaths,People from Marne (department),Knights of the First French Empire,French politicians,People of the French Revolution

paragraph: Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière

paragraph: Jacques-Alexis Thuriot, known as Thuriot de la Rosière, and later as chevalier Thuriot de la Rosière, chevalier de l'Empire (1 May 1753 - 20 June 1829) was an important French statesman of the French Revolution, and a minor figure under the French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte.

paragraph: Section::::Early Life and the French Revolution.

paragraph: Thuriot was born in Sézanne, Marne, France in 1753. Admitted to the bar in Paris (1778), he practiced law at Reims before the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789. He took part in the events of 14 July 1789, acting as a negotiator on behalf of the revolutionaries, meeting with the governor of the Bastille just before the doomed fortress was stormed. During the term of the National Assembly he was named a tribunal judge for the district of Sézanne (1790) and became a member of the Jacobin Club.

paragraph: Elected to the Legislative Assembly (1791–1792) as a representative of the département of Marne. The French monarchy was jeopardized as the year 1792 continued, and he was named deputy member of the Extraordinary Commission of Twelve (18 June 1792 - 21 September 1792) during this turbulent time.

paragraph: Soon after Louis XVI was deposed, Thuriot was elected (3 September 1792) to the new National Convention (1792–1795) as a deputy, again for the département of Marne. He voted for the death sentence in the trial of Louis XVI. He was one of the more radical members, on many occasions speaking against the Girondist faction, and even calling Maximilien Robespierre "moderate". He served as Vice-President (9 April 1793 - 18 April 1793) and President (27 June 1793 - 11 July 1793), and was elected to the Committee of Public Safety (10 July 1793 - 20 September 1793). He resigned from the committee shortly after the advent of the French Terror.

paragraph: Section::::Thermidorean Reaction.

paragraph: Thuriot was one of the bolder opponents of Maximilien Robespierre. Georges Lefebvre, a scholar of the French Revolution, counts him as a key ally of Danton, who had been executed by the machinations of Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety 5 April 1794. During the Festival of the Supreme Being (8 June 1794), over which Robespierre presided, Thuriot commented about the chief terrorist, “Look at the bugger; it’s not enough for him to be master, he has to be God.” He chaired the Convention in absence of then-president Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois, during the fateful session on 9 Thermidor, Year II (27 July 1794), and by refusing to allow Robespierre to make a speech, he sealed the fate of the robespierrist faction.

paragraph: In the days immediately following Thermidor he was elected president of the Jacobin Club (5 August 1794 - 24 August 1794) and exercised an important restraining influence on one of France's most radical bodies. He was among those who replaced the purged members of the Committee of Public Safety, and in this, his second term, he served 31 July 1794 - 5 December 1794.

paragraph: He soon turned against the new political order, disgruntled by the abandonment of the Constitution of 1793 and the rehabilitation of the Girondists. Thuriot's name was included among the many arrests that were ordered (5 April 1795) in the wake of the Germinal Insurrection of Year III, as he is accused of preparing the Jacobin insurrection against the Convention, but he eluded capture. A second order of arrest was issued (21 May 1795) after the even more violent Prairial Insurrection, and this time a large force was dispatched into the faubourgs to find where Thuriot was in hiding with Pierre-Joseph Cambon, but once again he escaped and went into hiding until the amnesty of 26 October 1795, which signalled the end of the National Convention and the Thermidorean Reaction

paragraph: Section::::Later career.

paragraph: Thuriot was appointed (14 November 1796) a commissioner to the civil and criminal tribunals of Marne. He also served as deputy judge and judge in the criminal tribunal of Seine; During the French Empire he assumed positions in the imperial court of appeals, and Bonaparte named him chevalier Thuriot de la Rosière, chevalier de l'Empire 16 May 1813. At the French Restoration he was banished as a regicide (1816) and died in exile in Liège, Kingdom of the Netherlands (now in Belgium).

alias:
Jacques Alexis Thuriot
Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosiere

description: French noble

wikidata_label: Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière

wikipedia_title: Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière


text:
travel
Bergamo
Italy
Iran
Bergamo
Italy
Esperanto
Punta Rossa
Pizzo Coca
Pizzo Camino
Pizzo Tre Signori
Corno Stella
Bergamo
Italy
Iran
Annapurna
Besisahar
Pokhara
Nepal
Leonardo da Vinci
Esperanto
Esperanto
Marino Curnis Official Website

paragraph: Marino Curnis

paragraph: Marino Curnis (born 7 May 1973) is an Italian writer, poet, musician, language student and traveller. He is known mainly because of his travel on foot from Bergamo, Italy, to Iran. His trip was called Eurasia Pedibus Calcantibus. It covered 6.000 kilometres over 13 months (9 January 2006 – 7 February 2007).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Marino Curnis was born in Bergamo, Italy. In 2003, he started to learn Esperanto and he earned first and second level diplomas. He has a Nursery Assistant School Diploma and a two-year course at Liceo specializing in humanities.

paragraph: Section::::Travelling.

paragraph: He has taken many journeys on foot.

paragraph: In the Alps he ascended: Punta Rossa (Aosta, mt.3660), Pizzo Coca, Pizzo Camino, Pizzo Tre Signori and Corno Stella.. He twice trekked "Sentiero delle Orobie Orientali".

paragraph: In 2003, he walked along the "Camino de Santiago do Compostela" in the North of Spain, from St.Jean Pie-du-Port (France) to Santiago do Compostela (1021 km in 37 days).

paragraph: In 2006 he walked from Bergamo, Italy to Iran in 13 months, through 9 nations (Italy, Austria, Hungary, Roumania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Moldavia, Ukraine, Iran) and along 6000 kilometres.

paragraph: In 2007, he trekked Annapurna, from Besisahar to Pokhara (Nepal).He covered 230 kilometres in 18 days. During this trek he climbed Thorung-La, 5416m above sea level.

paragraph: In 2016, he walked from Rome (Italy) to Amboise (France) in 2 months, covering about 2000 kilometers following the footsteps of Leonardo da Vinci, who did this probable itinerary in 1516.

paragraph: In 2018, Marino walked the Appian Way from Rome to Brindisi and over to Leuca, 750 kilometers in less than a month.

paragraph: Section::::Other Travellings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 17/10/1998-24/01/1999 INDIA: Mumbai (Bombay); VARANASI (Benares).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 20/06/2001-20/08/2001 GERMANIA: Waldkirchen, Bayern.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 27/09/2001-26/11/2001 NEPAL: Pathiani Town, Chitwan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 26/11/2001-05/01/2001 INDIA: da Darjeeling a Pushkar, India del nord.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 06/02/2001-06/03/2001 (SPAIN): Lanzarote, Islas Canarias.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 31/05/2003-05/04/2003 FRANCE: Paris.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 06/04/2003-12/05/2003 SPAIN: Camino de Santiago do Compostela

paragraph: BULLET::::- 13/05/2003-22/05/2003 PORTUGAL: Porto; Lisboa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 14/07/2003-30/07/2003 INDIA AND NEPAL: New Delhi; Pathiani Town.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 28/11/2003-13/12/2003 PORTUGAL: tour con mezzi pubblici.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 09/01/2006-10/02/2007 EURASIA PEDIBUS CALCANTIBUS: Italia-Iran on foot.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 16/10/2007-15/12/2007 NEPAL: tour and trekking of Annapurna.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 17/05/2016-17/07/2016 LEONARDO 1516: Rome (Italy)-Amboise (France) on foot.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 15/10/2018-11/11/2018 APPIA A PIEDI: Rome (Italy)-Brindisi and then Leuca (Italy) on foot.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Esploratore Involontario", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2003. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Il Sogno Calpestato", Tera Mata, 2008. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "ORME-Visioni&Poesia di un Viaggiatore", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2008. Languages: Italian, Esperanto.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Il Circuito dell'Annapurna", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2009. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Amor ch'ha nullo amato amar perdona", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2009. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "XIX", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2009. Languages: Italian, Esperanto, English.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Il Codice Aramaico - il Vangelo dei due Messia", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2014. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Torniamo a Giocare - Novanta e più Giochi Antichi e Nuovi per tornare a giocare", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2015. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Mamme e cuccioli (Stella Stellina)", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2015. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Karina e Karano", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2015. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Giochiamo a DADI", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2015. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Il cammino di Leonardo", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2017. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Raccolta Delle Lettere a Leonardo da Vinci Custodite Nel Castello Reale Di Amboise", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2017. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "Itinerari Leonardeschi: 16 Itinerari a Piedi da Roma a Milano all’ombra di Leonardo da Vinci", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2017. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "La figlia di Heidi", Lupo&SoleEdizioni, 2017. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "La Via Appia a piedi- Vol.I", Ediciclo Editore, 2019. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis, "A piedi sull'Appia antica", Andrea Pacilli Editore, 2019. Languages: Italian.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marino Curnis Official Website

description: Italian traveller

wikidata_label: Marino Curnis

wikipedia_title: Marino Curnis


text:
Bulgaria
wrestler
1960 Summer Olympics
1964 Summer Olympics

categories: People from Burgas Province,1934 births,Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Wrestlers at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Bulgarian male sport wrestlers,1988 deaths,Olympic silver medalists for Bulgaria,Olympic medalists in wrestling,Olympic wrestlers of Bulgaria

paragraph: Krali Bimbalov

paragraph: Krali Bimbalov () (1 November 1934 – 1988) was a Bulgarian wrestler who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.

description: Olympic wrestler

wikidata_label: Krali Bimbalov

wikipedia_title: Krali Bimbalov


text: Chicago, Illinois

text: singer

text: traditional pop music

text: adolescent

text: drama

text: ballet

text: Bowen High School

text: South Chicago

text: dance

text: Canada

text: Edgewater Beach Hotel

text: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

text: television commercial

text: hit

text: Why Don't You Believe Me?

text: Your Cheatin' Heart

text: cover

text: Hank Williams

text: Have You Heard?

text: record

text: London

text: Abbey Road Studios

text: album

text: Asia-Pacific

text: Philippines

text: Manila

text: composer

text: Top 10

text: "Billboard" Hot 100

text: chart

text: Have You Heard?

text: Your Cheatin' Heart

text: Almost Always

text: My Love, My Love

text: How Important Can It Be?

text: You Are My Love

text: Top 40

text: St. Patrick's Cathedral

text: New York City

text: music industry

text: married

text: Air Force

text: Bernard Adolph Schriever

text: ballistic missile

text: ICBM

text: IRBM

text: France

text: Greek Isles

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Academy of Music

text: Philadelphia

text: Count Basie

text: American Film Institute

text: Barbra Streisand

text: Capitol-EMI

text: DRG

text: Taragon

text: Hollywood Walk of Fame

text: "Let There Be Love"

text: Official site

text: Sangley Naval Station Message Board

text: Gary James Interview with Joni James

categories: MGM Records artists,Singers from Chicago,1930 births,American female singers,20th-century American singers,Traditional pop music singers,American people of Italian descent,Living people,20th-century American women singers

paragraph: Joni James

paragraph: Joni James (born Giovanna Carmella Babbo, September 22, 1930 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American singer of traditional pop music.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Giovanna Carmella Babbo was born to an Italian-American family in Chicago, one of six children supported by her widowed mother. As an adolescent, she studied drama and ballet, and on graduating from Bowen High School, located in the South Chicago neighborhood, went with a local dance group on a tour of Canada. She then took a job as a chorus girl in the Edgewater Beach Hotel in Chicago.

paragraph: After doing a fill-in in Indiana, she decided to pursue a singing career. Some executives at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) spotted her in a television commercial, and she was signed by MGM in 1952. Her first hit, "Why Don't You Believe Me?" sold over two million copies. She had a number of hits following that one, including "Your Cheatin' Heart" (a cover of Hank Williams' hit) and "Have You Heard?".

paragraph: She was the first American to record at London's Abbey Road Studios, and recorded five albums there. She was also very popular across parts of the Asia-Pacific region, particularly in the Philippines where she performed at Manila's now defunct EM Club in 1957. She also scored a big hit in Manila with Filipino composer Salvador Asuncion's work entitled "In Despair."

paragraph: James had seven Top 10 hits on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. "Why Don't You Believe Me?" (#1 in 1952) "Have You Heard?" (#4 in 1953) "Your Cheatin' Heart" (#2 in 1953) "Almost Always" (#9 in 1953) "My Love, My Love" (#8 in 1953) "How Important Can It Be?" (#2 in 1955) and "You Are My Love" (#6 in 1955) as well as sixteen other Top 40 hits from 1952 to 1961. She has sold more than 100 million records and recorded more than 25 albums.

paragraph: James married composer-conductor Tony Acquaviva at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City in 1956. In 1964 she retired from the music industry in part because Acquaviva was in bad health and needed her attention. She cared for him until his death in 1986.

paragraph: In 1986 she met, and on October 5, 1997, she married retired Air Force General Bernard Adolph Schriever, 20 years her senior, the leader of the crash program that developed U.S. ballistic missiles — both ICBMs and IRBMs in 1953–1962. They honeymooned in France and the Greek Isles, then took up residence in Schriever's home in northwest Washington, D.C. Schriever died on June 20, 2005, at the age of 94.

paragraph: For many years she was out of the public eye, but began touring again in the mid-1990s some years after she was widowed, performing memorable concerts at New York's Town Hall, Carnegie Hall and Avery Fisher Hall.

paragraph: In October 2001, just a few weeks after 9/11, she appeared at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, accompanied by the Count Basie orchestra. The streets of the city were still lined with armed soldiers, and she was a guest of honor at the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Tribute to Barbra Streisand. With her renewed popularity, nearly her entire body of work was released on the Capitol-EMI, DRG and Taragon labels under her personal supervision and in 2000 she released a brand-new recording, "Latest and Greatest".

paragraph: For her contributions to the entertainment industry, James has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let There Be Love" MGM (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joni James' "Award Winning Album"" MGM 3346 (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Girl Blue" MGM (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "When I Fall in Love" MGM (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Still of the Night" MGM (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs by Victor Young and Songs by Frank Loesser" MGM (1956) – later reissued as "My Foolish Heart"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Merry Christmas from Joni" MGM (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Give Us This Day" (Songs of Inspiration) MGM (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sings Songs by Jerome Kern and Songs by Harry Warren" MGM (1957)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Among My Souvenirs" MGM (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Je T'aime... I Love You" MGM (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Songs of Hank Williams" MGM (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joni Swings Sweet" MGM (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joni Sings Irish Favo(u)rites" MGM (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "100 Strings and Joni" MGM 3755 (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joni at Carnegie Hall" MGM (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm In the Mood for Love" MGM (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "100 Strings & Joni In Hollywood" MGM (1960) – also known as "Joni Sings Hollywood"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Hundred Voices... One Hundred Strings & Joni" MGM (1960) – also stylized as "100 Voices, 100 Strings & Joni"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "100 Strings & Joni On Broadway" MGM (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mood is Blue" MGM (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mood is Romance" MGM (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mood is Swinging" MGM (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Folk Songs by Joni James" MGM (1961) – also known as "Joni Sings Folksongs"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ti Voglio Bene... I Love You" MGM (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joni After Hours" MGM (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm Your Girl" MGM (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Country Style" MGM (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Feel a Song Coming On" MGM (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Like 3 O'Clock in the Morning" MGM (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Something for the Boys" MGM (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Beyond The Reef" MGM (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Joni Sings the Gershwins" MGM (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Favorite Things" MGM (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Put On A Happy Face" MGM (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Italianissima!" MGM (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bossa Nova Style" MGM 4286 (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Why Don't You Believe Me?" Bygone Days BYD77053 (2010) – compilation

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sangley Naval Station Message Board

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arlington National Cemetery Website: Bernard Adolph Schriever

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gary James Interview with Joni James

description: American singer

wikidata_label: Joni James

wikipedia_title: Joni James


text: Bulgaria

categories: 1955 births,Wrestlers at the 1980 Summer Olympics,Olympic wrestlers of Bulgaria,Bulgarian male sport wrestlers,Olympic silver medalists for Bulgaria,Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics,Olympic medalists in wrestling,Living people

paragraph: Slavcho Chervenkov

paragraph: Slavcho Georgiev Chervenkov (, born 18 September 1955) is a retired heavyweight freestyle wrestler from Bulgaria. He won silver medals at the 1980 Olympics, 1982 World Championships, and 1979 and 1980 European championships.

description: Olympic wrestler

wikidata_label: Slavcho Chervenkov

wikipedia_title: Slavcho Chervenkov


text: Spanish

text: Roman Catholic

text: bishop

text: cardinal

text: illegitimate

text: Cocentaina

text: Pope Paul II

text: Latin

text: Valencia

text: law

text: University of Lleida

text: University of Bologna

text: doctor of both laws

text: Rome

text: Guillaume-Hugues d'Estaing

text: Pope Pius II

text: canon

text: cathedral chapter

text: Palma Cathedral

text: Referendary

text: Commissary Apostolic

text: Liège

text: papal legate

text: Holy Roman Empire

text: Francisco de Toledo

text: Archbishopric of Mainz

text: Diether von Isenburg

text: Adolph von Nassau

text: Frankfurt

text: Worms

text: Frederick I, Elector Palatine

text: Bishop of Tarazona

text: papal court

text: Pope Sixtus IV

text: cardinal priest

text: in pectore

text: Dean

text: Tudela

text: John II of Aragon

text: consistory

text: red hat

text: Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore

text: titular church

text: San Sisto Vecchio

text: bubonic plague

text: cardinal protector

text: Dominican Order

text: Apostolic Palace

text: Santa Maria sopra Minerva

text: Mino da Fiesole

categories: 1416 births,1478 deaths,Spanish cardinals

paragraph: Pedro Ferris

paragraph: Pedro Ferris (1416–1478) (called the Cardinal of Tarazona) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: An illegitimate child, Pedro Ferris was born in Cocentaina on April 16, 1416. He was a relative of Pope Paul II.

paragraph: After completing his initial studies in Cocentaina, he studied Latin at Valencia and law at the University of Lleida. He then enrolled at the University of Bologna, where he became a doctor of both laws.

paragraph: After graduating from Bologna, he traveled to Rome and became "magister domus et auditor suus" of Cardinal Guillaume-Hugues d'Estaing; however, the cardinal died a short time later, on October 28, 1455. He then entered the service of his relative Cardinal Pietro Barbo (who later became pope as Pope Paul II).

paragraph: Pope Pius II made him a canon of the cathedral chapter of Palma Cathedral and made him a Referendary of the pope in 1458. Next, he was the pope's Commissary Apostolic in Liège. In 1462, he served as papal legate to the Holy Roman Empire, accompanied by jurist Francisco de Toledo, to solve the situation in the Archbishopric of Mainz, where Archbishop Diether von Isenburg had been deposed by Pope Pius II. In the name of the pope, he ratified the treaty between Diether von Isenburg and his competitor Adolph von Nassau in Frankfurt in October 1463. In May 1464, in Worms, he received Frederick I, Elector Palatine into communion with the church.

paragraph: On his way home from Germany, Ferris received news that the new pope, Paul II, had promoted him to the episcopate: he was elected Bishop of Tarazona on October 1, 1464 and occupied that see until his death. Paul II also named him Referendary "intimus et carissimus", in which capacity he handled some of the most delicate matters at the papal court over the next twelve years. He had the total trust of Paul II and his successor, Pope Sixtus IV, leading him to be called "Dextera Pontificum", the "right hand of the pope".

paragraph: On December 16, 1468, Pope Paul II named him a cardinal priest "in pectore", though this appointment was never published. He became Dean of Tudela Cathedral in 1471. From 1474 to 1479, he acted as agent of the John II of Aragon in Rome.

paragraph: In the consistory of December 18, 1476 openly made him a cardinal priest. He received the red hat on December 20, 1476 in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, and received the titular church of San Sisto Vecchio on December 30, 1476. On June 24, 1478, with the papal court absent from Rome because of an outbreak of bubonic plague, he became temporary Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals. He was later named cardinal protector of the Dominican Order.

paragraph: He died in the Apostolic Palace in Rome on September 25, 1478. He is buried in Santa Maria sopra Minerva, with a tomb sculpted by Mino da Fiesole.

description: Spanish cardinal

wikidata_label: Pedro Ferris

wikipedia_title: Pedro Ferris


text:
French
Paris
Marshall de Broglie
Marie Antoinette
retinue
comte d'Artois
King
Charles X
cuirassier
American War of Independence
Battle of Yorktown
Knight of the Order of Malta
Knight of the Order of Saint Louis
Saint Domingue
Society of the Friends of the Blacks
Estates-General of 1789
National Assembly
National Constituent Assembly
Louis XVI
École Militaire
constitutional monarchist
Feuillants
Rouen
Attack on the Tuileries
French Revolution
Republic
emigrated
Hamburg
Consulate
Brigadier General
Würzburg
Duchy of Würzburg
First Empire
Lieutenant General
Alexandre Lameth
Théodore de Lameth
Bourbon
Restoration
July Monarchy
Château d'Hénencourt
Hénencourt
Somme
Sovereign Military Order of Malta

categories: Politicians from Paris,First French Empire,French people of the American Revolution,Order of Saint Louis recipients,Members of the National Constituent Assembly,1757 births,Feuillants,French generals,Knights of the Order of Saint Louis,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,1832 deaths,Counts of France,Jacobins,People of the French Revolution

paragraph: Charles Malo François Lameth

paragraph: Charles Malo François Lameth (5 October 1757 – 28 December 1832) was a French politician and soldier.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Charles Malo François Lameth was born on 5 October 1757 in Paris. His father was Louise Charles de Lameth and his mother, Marie Thérèse de Broglie. His mother was the sister of the Marshall de Broglie and a favourite of Marie Antoinette.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was in the retinue of the comte d'Artois (future King Charles X), and became an officer in a cuirassier regiment. He served in the American War of Independence, and was a hero of the Battle of Yorktown in 1781. He was a Knight of the Order of Malta and a Knight of the Order of Saint Louis.

paragraph: Although he married a rich heiress from Saint Domingue, he was a founding member of the Society of the Friends of the Blacks in 1788.

paragraph: He was deputy to the Estates-General of 1789, for the nobility, and was one of the first aristocrats to renounce his privileges on the night of 4 August 1789. He continued to serve in the National Assembly and National Constituent Assembly and in January 1791 repaid to the Treasury the 60,000 francs it had cost Louis XVI to provide him and his brothers with an education at the École Militaire. In November 1790 he fought a duel with the Duc de Castries. The duke wounded him and it was briefly feared that he had tipped his sword with poison. Lameth was so popular that a mob stormed Castries' house in revenge. As the Assembly began to divide into factions, Lameth, a constitutional monarchist, was identified with the Feuillants and he was arrested in Rouen on 12 August 1792 for protesting against the Attack on the Tuileries. Since the French Revolution moved toward a Republic, he emigrated to Hamburg.

paragraph: He returned to France under the Consulate, was appointed Brigadier General in 1809 and fought in the Spanish War, and was appointed governor of Würzburg (in the Duchy of Würzburg) under the First Empire. In 1814, he rose to the rank of Lieutenant General. Like his brother Alexandre Lameth (but unlike his other one, Théodore de Lameth), Charles joined the Bourbon camp after the Restoration, succeeding Alexandre as deputy in 1829. In the final years of his life, he was nonetheless a noted supporter of the July Monarchy.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: He married Marie Anne Picot. They had two children. They resided at the Château d'Hénencourt in Hénencourt, Somme.

paragraph: He died on 28 December 1832.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Sovereign Military Order of Malta

alias:
Charles Malo Franĉois Lameth
Charles Malo de Lameth

description: French general and politician

wikidata_label: Charles Malo François Lameth

wikipedia_title: Charles Malo François Lameth