text:
Neuweilnau Castle
Weilrod
Weilburg
Nassau-Weilburg
Reformation
Gymnasium
Weilburg
Schloss Weilburg
Louis I of Nassau-Weilburg
County of Nassau
districts
Weilburg
Merenberg
Usingen
Sonnenberg
Weilmünster
Nassau-Saarbrücken
Hesse
Reformation
Philip I
immediate
Wetterau Association
imperial count
Weilburg Castle
Albert
Philip IV
John Louis
regent
Eisenberg
Kirchheim
Charles V
Ottoman Empire
Rückershausen
Usingen
Philip
Wetzlar
Kalsmunt Castle
Altenberg Abbey
Katzenelnbogen
Löhnberg
Hadamar
Schmalkaldic League
Schmalkaldic War
mining
mining regulations
Schloss Weilburg
Balthasar Wolff
Lahn
Reformation
Hüttenberg
Lahn
Heuchelheim
Edict of Worms
Richard
Trier
German Peasants' War
Mainz
Butzbach
Herman of Neuenahr the Elder
Erhard Schnepf
Diet of Speyer
University of Marburg
visitation
Schmalkaldic League
Benedictine
Saint Walpurga
Gymnasium
Kasper Goltwurm
synod
Augsburg Interim
Counter-Reformation
Wittenberg
Peace of Passau
Peace of Augsburg
Philip I
Albert
Ottweiler
Isenburg-Büdingen
Offenbach
Philip IV
House of Nassau
Entry at worldroots
Development of the County of Nassau
Hesse around 1550

categories: House of Nassau,1559 deaths,1504 births,Counts of Nassau

paragraph: Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg

paragraph: Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (20 September 1504 at Neuweilnau Castle in Weilrod – 4 October 1559 in Weilburg) was a Count of the Nassau-Weilburg. Among his major achievements were the introduction of the Reformation, the foundation of the Gymnasium Philippinum in Weilburg and the start of the construction of Schloss Weilburg.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Philip was the son of Louis I of Nassau-Weilburg (1473–1523). After his father's death, he took over the business of government at the age of 19 years.

paragraph: During Philip's reign, the Nassau-Weilburg part of the County of Nassau consisted of the districts of Weilburg, Merenberg, Usingen, Sonnenberg and Gleiberg. Important towns were Kirberg, Weilmünster and Neuweilnau. Moreover, he held shares in jointly owned territories. Co-owners of those territories included the Counts of Nassau-Saarbrücken and Nassau-Wiesbaden and the Landgrave of Hesse.

paragraph: The Reformation began during Philip's time in office. Philip promoted the Reformation in his territory, and to this end, he joined forces with Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. On the other hand, he made sure he would not become a vassal of Hesse. He therefore emphasized his position as an immediate count and was active in the Wetterau Association of imperial counts.

paragraph: Philip died in 1559 in Weilburg, at the age of 55. He was buried in the chapel of Weilburg Castle. He left a heavily indebted county. His goals had exceeded his financial possibilities. His sons Albert and Philip IV ruled Nassau-Weilburg jointly until 1561, and then divided their inheritance, with Albert receiving Weilburg and Philip IV receiving Neuweilnau.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Foreign Policy.

paragraph: Because his father had left a huge debt, John Louis of Nassau-Saarbrücken was appointed as Philip's guardian and regent of Nassau-Weilburg. Philip took up government himself in 1524. He began by dividing the Lordships of Stauf, Eisenberg and Kirchheim; these were jointly owned by Nassau-Weilburg and Nassau-Saarbrücken. He also renewed the inheritance treaty between Nassau-Weilburg and Nassau-Saarbrücken in 1524. With the progress of the Reformation, the two counts drifted apart and Philip sought support in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts.

paragraph: During the Diet at Regensburg in 1532, Philip of Nassau-Weilburg and his cousin Philip of Nassau-Wiesbaden promised Emperor Charles V 16 knights and 80 foot soldiers, for the ongoing war against the Ottoman Empire. In return, Nassau-Weilburg received market rights for Rückershausen and Usingen.

paragraph: After the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts had been dissolved in 1535, Philip approached Landgrave Philip of Hesse. On 25 January 1536, Philip and Philip concluded a comprehensive territory exchange agreement. Nassau-Weilburg transferred the tax revenue of the imperial free city of Wetzlar, the sovereignty over Kalsmunt Castle, the imperial bailiwick of Wetzlar and the dominion over Altenberg Abbey to Hesse. In exchange, he receiveded the castle and city of Katzenelnbogen, the district and castle of Löhnberg and the right to redeem the Hessian share in the castle and district of Hadamar.

paragraph: On the recommendation of Philip I of Hesse, Philip III formally joined the Schmalkaldic League on 26 August 1537. However, he only supported the League reluctantly. In particular, he did not pay the special contribution that the League had agreed to. His argument was that he had not received a copy of the League's charter.

paragraph: After Philip I married bigamously in 1540 and the League failed to support him against Trier, Philip III distanced himself from the Schmalkaldic League, without officially terminating his membership. He remained, however, in close contact with Philip I of Hesse.

paragraph: During the Schmalkaldic War, Philip III supported Philip I with eight knights. After the initial successes of the imperial troops on the Danube, he recalled this support. The imperial field marshal Reinhard of Solms then mediated a reconciliation between Philip III and Emperor Charles V.

paragraph: After he had ceased his support for the Schmalkaldic League, Philip III worked to recreate the Wetterau Association. The Association was re-established in 1542 and 1549, he was elected chairman of the Association.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Mining policy.

paragraph: To improve his financial situation, Philip tried to intensify mining in his county. Between 1524 and 1530, he founded several iron mines around Weilmünster, together with civil partners. His family managed, over time, to gain the majority of the shares in the mining companies. In 1536 Philip issued a uniform mining regulations for his entire territory. However, the economic recovery he had hoped for, failed to materialize.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Construction policy.

paragraph: Philip initiated several construction projects in his county. The most important project was the construction of a new residence in Weilburg. Schloss Weilburg was built in two phases. Architect Nicholas Schickedanz from Frankfurt built the east wing, a prestigious residential building. Balthasar Wolff from Heilbronn added the south and west wings, which were used as commercial buildings. The construction lasted from 1533 to 1549. Even today, the alliance coat of arms of Philip III of Nassau-Weilburg and Amalie of Isenburg-Büdingen is attached to the stair tower of the east wing.

paragraph: The dilapidated town church of Weilburg was repaired and a new tower was added in 1555. This tower also served temporarily a water tower. It was also later incorporated into Schloss Weilburg. Below the schloss, a stone bridge across the Lahn was built in 1555, connecting the dominions of Weilburg and Merenberg.

paragraph: After the construction at Weilburg had completed, Usingen Castle was again expanded between 1551 and 1558.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Reformation.

paragraph: The Reformation was introduced in Nassau-Weilburg during Philip's reign. Initially he went along with the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts. However, from 1526, he increasingly took the lead. The Reformation was rapidly implemented in the areas Philip III held jointly with Philip I of Hesse, such as the Hüttenberg district and the area along the river Lahn, with the towns Heuchelheim, Kinzenbach, Launsbach, Wißmar, Rodheim and Fellingshausen.

paragraph: Philip attended the meeting of the Wetterau Association on 20 June 1524. The meeting decided not to use the Edict of Worms. This brought Philip into conflict with Archbishop Richard of Trier, who held that Philip was interfering in his spiritual jurisdiction and kept back taxes Richard was entitled to.

paragraph: During the German Peasants' War, Philip sided with the Archbishops of Mainz and Trier, who attempted to crush the uprising.

paragraph: The Protestant faith was addressed at the meeting of the Wetterau Association in 1525 in Butzbach in the presence of Count Herman of Neuenahr the Elder. A list of monasteries and abbeys was drafted, so they could be taxed in the future. The abbey at Weilburg, for example, would be taxed 100 guilders; the Pfannstiel monastery at was assessed at 15 guilders.

paragraph: In 1525/26, Philip appointed Erhard Schnepf as the first Protestant preacher in his county. After the Diet of Speyer in 1526, Schnepf was tasked with implementing the Reformation in Weilburg. When he carried out this task, Schnepf met with opposition from the abbey at Weilburg, the monastery at Pfannstiel and Johann Roß, the town priest of Weilburg. Philip backed Schnepf, despite protests from the archbishops of Mainz and Trier. The Wetterau Association was slowed down by internal squabbles. When the University of Marburg offered Schneps a position, Philip tried to keep him in Weilburg and expelled Johann Roß, who had been a priest in Weilburg for 28 years. Nevertheless, Schneps accepted the position in Marburg in 1528.

paragraph: The implementation of the Reformation was continued by the court chaplain, Heinrich Stroß. In 1535, he introduced the first comprehensive visitation scheme in Nassau-Weilburg.

paragraph: The Reformation in Nassau-Weilburg was accelerated after Philip joined the Schmalkaldic League. Philip ordered the dissolution of the small Pfannstiel monastery and the sale of some valuable liturgic vessels from the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Walpurga in Weilburg. In 1540, Philip founded a free school in Weilburg, which quickly became a center of education. It was the forerunner of today's Gymnasium Philippinum Weilburg.

paragraph: After Heinrich Stroß's death, Kasper Goltwurm was appointed as court chaplain at Weilburg in 1546. In 1547, Goltwurm organized a synod of the clergy in the county of Nassau-Weilburg and lent his hand to the free school. In 1548, Philip officially appointed Goltwurm as visitor.

paragraph: The Reformation was interrupted by the Augsburg Interim. Goltwurm encouraged priests to resist the Catholic Counter-Reformation operated by the Archbishops of Mainz and Trier. The Counter-Reformation failed, because the bishops did not have enough priests to serve all the parishes and therefore had to leave some reformed pastors in office. In 1550, Philip gave Goltwurn six months leave of absence. Goltwurm travelled to Wittenberg and wrote entitled "the beautiful and comforting history of Joseph", which he dedicated to Philip.

paragraph: Philip and Goltwurm could resume the Reformation after the 1552 Peace of Passau. The Catholic priests who had been appointed during the Counter-Reformation, were relieved of their parishes. Several valuable chalices and vestments were sold off. The abbey at Weilburg received a new order. A synod of Reformed clergy was convened at Weilburg in 1553. The abbey at Weilburg was definitevily dissolved on 3 January 1555. The spiritual jurisdiction of the archbishops was repealed with the Peace of Augsburg.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages and issue.

paragraph: In 1523 Philip married in 1523 Elisabeth of Sayn-Hachenburg (died: 5 February 1531). The Sayn-Hachenburg family were also members of the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts. Philip and Elisabeth had four children, who all died at a young age.

paragraph: After Elizabeth's death, Philip married in 1536 with Anne of Mansfield (born: 1520; died: 26 December 1537). This marriage had been mediated by Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. Anne died while giving birth to her only child:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert (born: 26 December 1537; died: 11 November 1593 in Ottweiler).

paragraph: Philip then on 17 August 1564 married his third wife, Amalie of Isenburg-Büdingen (born: 23 June 1522; died: 18 May 1579 in Offenbach). This marriage had also been mediated by Philip I of Hesse. With her he had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philip IV (born: 14 October 1542; died: 12 March 1602 in Saarbrücken)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ottilie (born: 27 July 1546; died: ), married Count Otto I of Salm-Kyrburg (born: 15 August 1538; died: 7 June 1607)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Amalie (born: 26 July 1549; died: 7 January 1598), married in 1588 with Count Frederick I of Salm (1547–1608)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Nassau

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. F. W. Th. Schliephake and Karl Menzel: "Geschichte von Nassau", vol. 6, Kreidels Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1884, p. 202-339

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Christian Spielmann: "Geschichte der Stadt und Herrschaft Weilburg", City of Weilburg, 1896, reprinted in 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Eckhard Olschewski: "Schloss und Schlossgarten Weilburg/Lahn", Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten Hessen, Bad Homburg, 2001,

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entry at worldroots

paragraph: BULLET::::- Development of the County of Nassau

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hesse around 1550

description: Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1523-1559)

wikidata_label: Philip III of Nassau-Weilburg

wikipedia_title: Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg


text:
Lauffen am Neckar
Stuttgart
Heinrich Läpple
Albert Kappis
Friedrich Specht
Brehms Tierleben
Die Gartenlaube
Friedrich Specht

categories: German male painters,1849 births,20th-century German painters,1923 deaths,19th-century German painters

paragraph: August Specht

paragraph: August Specht (1 August 1849, Lauffen am Neckar – 1923, Stuttgart) was a German natural history painter.

paragraph: He was a pupil of Heinrich Läpple and Albert Kappis. In 1898 he published "Specht's Tierbilder-Buch" with descriptions in verse of the depicted animals. Like his brother Friedrich Specht, he also produced illustrations of animals and landscapes for a number of publications, such as "Brehms Tierleben" and "Die Gartenlaube".

paragraph: Specht's brothers were the wood engraver Carl Gottlob Specht and the animal painter and illustrator Friedrich Specht.

description: German artist

wikidata_label: August Specht

wikipedia_title: August Specht


text:
The Most Revd
Roman Catholic
Archbishop
Manizales
Colombia
Episcopal Conference of Colombia
Manizales
Monsignor
www.catholic-hierarchy.org
"Who's Who in Latin America" (1951)

categories: 1899 births,Colombian Roman Catholic archbishops,People from Medellín,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,1977 deaths

paragraph: Arturo Duque Villegas

paragraph: The Most Revd Arturo Duque Villegas (27 November 1899 – 26 July 1977) was Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manizales in Colombia from 1959 to 1975.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Episcopal Conference of Colombia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manizales

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monsignor

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- www.catholic-hierarchy.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who's Who in Latin America" (1951)

description: Roman Catholic Archbishop

wikidata_label: Arturo Duque Villegas

wikipedia_title: Arturo Duque Villegas


text:
Glasgow Underground Recordings
Romanthony
Milton Jackson
Mateo and Matos
Jersey Street
Mylo
Linus Loves
Stand Back
cover version
Stevie Nicks
UK Singles Chart
Mylo
Destroy rock and roll
Grum
Glasgow Underground Recordings
Kevin McKay in TITEL kulturmagazin

categories: Living people,Electronic dance music DJs,Scottish DJs

paragraph: Kevin McKay (musician)

paragraph: Kevin McKay (born 24 May), is a Scottish DJ, electronic musician, record label owner and record producer now based in London.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: McKay studied at The University of Strathclyde from 1989 to 1995. One night in 1991 while DJing at the University's student union he met Andy Carrick. The pair subsequently began collaborating on music together. Three years later McKay secured £2000 of funding from The Princes' Trust to release their music on his Muzique Tropique imprint.

paragraph: In 1997 McKay founded Glasgow Underground Recordings. The label has released music by Romanthony, Milton Jackson, Mateo and Matos, Jersey Street as well as productions by McKay himself.

paragraph: In 2002 McKay met Myles Macinnes better known by the stage name Mylo, founded Breastfed Recordings and signed Macinnes to the label.

paragraph: In 2003 McKay under the pseudonym Brian Warner produced and mixed the Linus Loves single "Stand Back". It was a cover version of the 1983 Stevie Nicks' song. The track peaked at No. 31 in the UK Singles Chart in November 2003.

paragraph: In 2004 using the pseudonym Kevin Kennedy, McKay co-produced and mixed the Mylo album Destroy rock and roll

paragraph: In 2008 McKay signed Grum and a year later set up the Heartbeats imprint to release his music.

paragraph: In 2011 McKay re-launched Glasgow Underground Recordings. The label had been largely inactive since 2004.

paragraph: In 2014 McKay released "Goin' Freak" on the Berlin-based label OFF Recordings. The single was supported on BBC Radio 1 by Pete Tong and reached number 4 in the DMC Buzz Chart.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kevin McKay in TITEL kulturmagazin

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Kevin McKay

wikipedia_title: Kevin McKay (musician)


text:
Mayor of
Worcester, Massachusetts
Brown University
Worcester
Worcester, County
Dudley, Massachusetts
Oxford, Massachusetts
American Antiquarian Society

categories: 1886 deaths,Mayors of Worcester, Massachusetts,Massachusetts Free Soilers,Brown University alumni,Massachusetts lawyers,People from Dudley, Massachusetts,People from Oxford, Massachusetts,1804 births

paragraph: Peter C. Bacon

paragraph: Peter Child Bacon (November 11, 1804 – February 7, 1886) was an attorney who served as the third Mayor of Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Bacon graduated from Brown University in 1827. Bacon studied law at the New Haven Law School, and with the law firm of Davis & Allen of Worcester.

paragraph: Section::::Law practice.

paragraph: In 1839, Bacon was admitted the bar at Worcester, County. He practiced law for two years in Dudley, Massachusetts and twelve years in Oxford, Massachusetts after which he moved to Worcester.

paragraph: He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1860.

description: American mayor

wikidata_label: Peter C. Bacon

wikipedia_title: Peter C. Bacon


text:
Trano
Apulia
canon lawyer
Bologna
Azo
cardinal deacon
Pope Innocent IV
decretal

categories: 13th-century jurists,Economic history of the Holy See,Canon law jurists,13th-century Italian writers,Italian jurists,Year of birth unknown,1245 deaths,13th-century Latin writers

paragraph: Geoffrey of Trani

paragraph: Geoffrey of Trani (? in Trano, Apulia – 1245) was an Italian jurist, known as a canon lawyer. He was a student at Bologna of Azo before becoming a professor at Naples, then at Bologna. He was made a cardinal deacon by Pope Innocent IV. His "Summa super titulis decretalium" and other writings on decretals became a basic resource for canon law.

description: Italian jurist

wikidata_label: Geoffrey of Trani

wikipedia_title: Geoffrey of Trani


text:
Italian
Marina Grande
Bishop
Catholic Church
patron saint
Capri
Amalfi
Saracen
Filippo Ferrari
Bishop of Constantinople
Arian
Constantius II
Chiesa di San Costanzo
Anacapri
feast day
Montevergine

categories: Medieval Italian saints,Capri, Campania,Italian Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Constantius of Capri

paragraph: Constantius (born, Antonii de Ripolis; Italian, San Costanzo di Capri) (died 7th or 8th century, near Marina Grande) was a Bishop of the Catholic Church who, after many wandering, became the patron saint of Capri.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Little is known about him except that his body was placed in a barrel: the homilies "Sermo de virtute Constantii" (BHL 1931) and the "Sermo de transito s. Constantii" date from the end of the 10th century, when the saint's protection was invoked at Capri and Amalfi against Saracen raiders. How he came to be on the island is Capri is undocumented and shrouded in legend. In the "Catalogus" of monk Filippo Ferrari (died 1626), Constantius was described to be "of imperial lineage and Bishop of Constantinople". He may have been the Arian Constantius II who destroyed idols, or a bishop who fled from Africa to Italy. The Chiesa di San Costanzo is located between Marina Grande and Anacapri. The feast day of St Costanzo is celebrated on May 14 and includes commemoration of his arrival on Capri, which according to tradition, occurred c. 739.

paragraph: A reliquary at Montevergine contains a bone with the label "Ossa S. Costantio E.C." [Episcopus Confessor].

description: Italian priest

wikidata_label: Constantius of Capri

wikipedia_title: Constantius of Capri


text:
baseball player
pitcher
Japanese professional baseball
Nippon Professional Baseball
manager
seasons
Japanese Baseball League
Nankai franchise
Yomiuri Giants
Sawamura Award
Cy Young Award
Best Nine Award
complete game
Most Valuable Player Award
retired
earned run average
strikeouts
broadcaster
Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame
Kobe, Hyōgo
fifth grade
Koshien
broken arm
Keio University
Nihon University
franchise
Japanese Baseball League
first base
outfield
no-hitter
Yamato
conscripted
Manchuria
Matsudo, Chiba
Kōchi Prefecture
Yomiuri Giants
Los Angeles Dodgers
Major League Baseball
Maruyama Stadium
Sapporo
Carl Erskine
Sho Horiuchi
home run
Duke Snider
winning percentage
shutouts
Taiyō Whales
Sankei Atoms
Fuji TV
Bunka Hōsō
Nikkan Sports
Yomiuri Giants
Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame
Tetsuharu Kawakami
walks
RBI
No-hitter
Yamato Team
Best Nine Award
BR Bullpen

categories: Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame inductees,Nankai Hawks players,1922 births,1999 deaths,Japanese baseball players,Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers,Nihon University alumni,Yomiuri Giants players,Sportspeople from Kobe,Managers of baseball teams in Japan,Japanese broadcast news analysts

paragraph: Takehiko Bessho

paragraph: Takehiko Bessho ( "Bessho Takehiko", October 1, 1922 -June 24, 1999), born Akira Bessho (, "Bessho Akira"), was a Japanese baseball player whose professional career as a player lasted from 1942 until 1960. Bessho first achieved fame as a pitcher in Japanese professional baseball; later, he served as a Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) manager.

paragraph: Bessho spent his first five seasons in the Japanese Baseball League (the predecessor of NPB) with the Nankai franchise (1942–43, 1946–48) and his final 12 seasons with the Yomiuri Giants (1949–1960). He quickly established himself as a top pitcher and went on to earn two Sawamura Awards, the Japanese equivalent of the Cy Young Award, and six Best Nine Awards. In 1947, Bessho set the NPB record for most complete games in a single season (47). In addition, Bessho earned the NPB Most Valuable Player Award in 1952 and 1956. Bessho retired after the 1960 season with 310 wins, a 2.18 earned run average, and 1,932 strikeouts.

paragraph: After he retired from the sport as a player and a manager, Bessho became a sports broadcaster. In recognition of his accomplishments, the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame elected Bessho in 1979.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Raised solely by his mother, Besho grew up in a in Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan and went by the name Akira Bessho. Bessho started his athletic career by playing "nanshiki" (rubber baseball) while he was in the fifth grade in elementary school. By the time he started his high school career at Takikawa Junior High School, Bessho had transitioned from nanshiki to baseball.

paragraph: In 1940 and 1941, Bessho appeared in the Koshien tournament. During the 1941 spring edition, he pitched all fourteen innings of a game despite his broken arm; unfortunately, he also lost the decision. After his graduation, Bessho took the entrance exam for Keio University but ultimately enrolled in vocational classes at Nihon University.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Professional career.:Nankai.

paragraph: In 1942, Besho joined the Nankai franchise, an Osaka-based team in the Japanese Baseball League (JBL). Bessho quickly established himself as a quality player, both as a pitcher and a hitter. In fact, he was so good at batting that the manager had him play in the field (either at first base or the outfield) when he didn't pitch. On May 26, 1943, Bessho pitched a no-hitter against the Yamato team.

paragraph: In December of that year, the Japanese army conscripted Bessho and sent him to Manchuria because of World War II. However, in 1944, Bessho moved to the officer's school in Matsudo, Chiba before the army finally moved him to the Kōchi Prefecture. After the war had ended, Bessho rejoined Nankai in 1946.

paragraph: In 1947 he won and completed 47 games, still a Nippon Pro Baseball record, of which he was proud for many years.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Professional career.:Yomiuri Giants.

paragraph: In the late part of 1948 he moved to the Yomiuri Giants. This became a big scandal in Japanese sports journalism, known as the "Bessho head-hunting Incident" (ja: ) which led the league to put sanctions on him which prohibit him playing for two months. For the Yomiuri Giants, he was still a star.

paragraph: In 1956, the Los Angeles Dodgers, a Major League Baseball franchise, decided to play a series of games in Japan. On October 23, 1956, the Dodgers faced the Yomiuri Giants at Maruyama Stadium in Sapporo. Carl Erskine started for the Dodgers, and Sho Horiuchi started for the Giants. In the seventh inning, Bessho replaced Horiuchi and pitched the rest of the game. Unfortunately, Bessho surrendered a solo-home run to Duke Snider in the top of the ninth inning; it was the only run of the game.

paragraph: In 1960 he was a player and pitching coach for the Yomiuri Giants. At the end of season he retired and remained on the team as coach. His 310 victories were the NPB all-time record when he retired. During his career, Bessho won six Best Nine Awards, more than any other pitcher in history. In addition, he won two MVP awards, led the league in strikeouts from 1950 until 1952, and won 20 or more games eight different seasons. He led the NPB in ivcotires three times and in ERA, strikeouts, and winning percentage once each. With 72 career shutouts, he ranks fourth all-time in Japanese professional baseball.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-playing career.

paragraph: From 1964 till 1966 he was the pitching coach of the Taiyō Whales. He managed the Sankei Atoms from 1968 until mid-1970.

paragraph: From then he give commentaries at Fuji TV, Bunka Hōsō and Nikkan Sports. As a commentator, he was known for his cheerful loud laughter, grayed hair, and apparent but innocent favoritism toward the Yomiuri Giants (he often couldn't remember the names of non-Giants players).

paragraph: In 1979 he was nominated to Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame.

paragraph: In 1992 he surmounted to the presidency of the Yomiuri Giants Old Boy Club, succeeding Tetsuharu Kawakami.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: In 1999, he died at his home at the age of 76.

paragraph: Section::::Records and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lifetime records as pitcher: playing in 662 games (335 completed), 310 wins, 178 losses, winning average .635, ERA 2.18

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lifetime records as batter: playing in 828 games, batting average .254, 500 hits, 35 home-runs, 91 walks, 2 hit-by-pitch, RBI 248

paragraph: BULLET::::- No-hitter: 26 May 1943 (defeated the Yamato Team)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best Nine Award (Pitcher): 1947, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1955, 1956

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BR Bullpen

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Takehiko Bessho

wikipedia_title: Takehiko Bessho


text: Teddy Wilson

text: Ralph Sutton

text: Horace Parlan

text: Ben Webster

text: Dexter Gordon

text: Oliver Nelson

text: Tom Waits

text: Al Grey

text: Wild Bill Davison

text: Harry Sweets Edison

text: Doug Raney

text: Ole Kock Hansen

text: Svend Asmussen

text: Jesper Thilo

text: New Orleans

text: tenor sax

text: cornet

text: trombone

text: Ben Webster's Prize of Honour

text: Ben Webster

text: Swiss Suite

text: Oliver Nelson

text: Birdtown Birds

text: Joe Albany

text: Arrival

text: Horace Parlan

text: Motoring Along

text: Al Cohn

text: Zoot Sims

text: Harry Sweets Edison

text: Eddie Lockjaw Davis

text: Richard Boone

text: Wild Bill Davison

text: Introducing Doug Raney

text: Doug Raney

text: Billy Hart

text: Ralph Sutton

categories: 1941 births,2015 deaths,Danish jazz double-bassists,People from Gladsaxe Municipality,Danish jazz musicians,Male double-bassists,Bebop double-bassists

paragraph: Hugo Rasmussen

paragraph: Hugo Rasmussen (22 March 1941 – 30 August 2015) was a Danish bassist. Rasmussen is best known for his album "Sweets to the Sweet" (1978). "Sweets To the Sweet" was re-released in 2001 on Danish label Music Mecca.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He worked with, among others, Teddy Wilson, Ralph Sutton Horace Parlan, Ben Webster, Dexter Gordon, Oliver Nelson, Tom Waits, Al Grey, Wild Bill Davison, Harry Sweets Edison, Doug Raney, Ole Kock Hansen, Svend Asmussen, and Jesper Thilo.

paragraph: He was one of the most sought-after bass players in the world and performed on 800 albums.

paragraph: Rasmussen was the acoustic bassist for Norbert Susemihl's New Orleans All Stars and for his own band, Hugo Rasmussen AllStarz which he formed in 1999 with Jakob Dinesen (tenor sax), Kasper Trandberg (cornet), Andrew Hyhne (trombone), Heine Hansen (piano) and Kresten Osgood (drums). He died at the age of 74 on 30 August 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 – Palæ Bars Jazzpris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 – Ben Webster's Prize of Honour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 – Bent Jædig Prisen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 – IFPI Prize of Honour ("Ærespris") Danish Music Award Jazz, award from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – Dansk Musiker Forbund Prize of Honour

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – Leo Mathisen Prize

paragraph: Section::::Selected Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Selected Discography.:As leader.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sweets to the Sweet" (1978) Re-released 2001 Music Mecca CD 3046-2 Denmark

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hugo...Partly Live" (2013) Stunt STUCD 13032

paragraph: Section::::Selected Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Jeep Is Jumping" Ben Webster 1965 Released in 1991 Black Lion BLCD-760147

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ben Webster Plays Ballads" 1970 Membran

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Swiss Suite" Oliver Nelson 1971 RCA

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Birdtown Birds" Joe Albany 1973 SteepleChase

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arrival" Horace Parlan 1974 SteepleChase

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Motoring Along" Al Cohn & Zoot Sims (Sonet, 1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harry Sweets Edison – Eddie Lockjaw Davis & Richard Boone (1976) 1997 CD Storyville

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Together Again" Wild Bill Davison (1977) LP SLP Cat#:4027, 1998 (CD) Storyville Cat#:8216

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Introducing Doug Raney" Doug Raney (1977) with Billy Hart 1994 CD Steeplechase

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ralph Sutton Quartet" Ralph Sutton (1977) 1996 CD Storyville

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Al Grey and Jesper Thilo Quintet" 1986 Storyville

description: Danish musician

wikidata_label: Hugo Rasmussen

wikipedia_title: Hugo Rasmussen


text:
Guy's Hospital
General Dispensary
City of London Lying-in Hospital
"Treatise on the Puerperal Fever"
London Charterhouse
London Medical Society
Fellow of the Royal Society
Society of Antiquaries

categories: Fellows of the Royal Society,People from Halifax, West Yorkshire,1807 deaths,1732 births,Alumni of the University of Edinburgh,18th-century English medical doctors

paragraph: Nathaniel Hulme

paragraph: Nathaniel Hulme, FRS (17 December 1732 – 28 March 1807) was a British physician.

paragraph: He was born in Hulme Thorpe, near Halifax, Yorkshire and served an apprenticeship with his brother, a medical practitioner in the district. He then joined Guy's Hospital before joining the Royal Navy in 1755 as surgeon's mate. During a peacetime posting to Leith he attended medical classes at Edinburgh, graduating M.D. there in 1765.

paragraph: He moved to London, and when the General Dispensary for the Relief of the Poor was first opened, became its first physician. In 1768 he was appointed physician to the City of London Lying-in Hospital, a post he held until 1793, and wrote "Treatise on the Puerperal Fever" based on his experience there. On 17 March 1774 he was appointed physician to the London Charterhouse hospital and moved to live in Charterhouse Square, where he lived until his death.

paragraph: He was elected President of the London Medical Society in 1776 and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1794. He was also a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.

paragraph: He died on 28 March 1807 from the effects of falling from the roof of his house when checking the chimneys and was buried in the pensioners' burial-ground of the Charterhouse.

description: English physician and natural philosopher

wikidata_label: Nathaniel Hulme

wikipedia_title: Nathaniel Hulme


text:
gridiron football
guard
Ottawa Redblacks
college football
Florida State
Tennessee Titans
Dominican
Dominican Republic
Union City, New Jersey
Union City High School
Rivals.com
Rutgers University
college football
Florida State University
2014 BCS National Championship Game
Tennessee Titans
2015 NFL Draft
2015 Rose Bowl
Florida State Seminoles bio

categories: Florida State Seminoles football players,Players of American football from New Jersey,Ottawa Redblacks players,Tennessee Titans players,American football guards,Hispanic and Latino American sportspeople,1993 births,Living people,Sportspeople from Union City, New Jersey

paragraph: Josue Matías

paragraph: Josue Matías (born January 6, 1993) is a former gridiron football guard who last played for the Ottawa Redblacks. He played college football at Florida State. Upon signing with the Tennessee Titans in 2015, he became the first Dominican-born player in the NFL.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Matías was born in the Dominican Republic and moved to Union City, New Jersey with his family when he was six. He attended Union City High School. Matías was a four-star recruit by Rivals.com. He originally committed to Rutgers University to play college football but changed to Florida State University.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: After spending his true freshman season in 2011 as a backup, Matías started all 13 games as a sophomore in 2012. As a junior in 2013, he started all 14 games, including the 2014 BCS National Championship Game. He returned as a starter his senior season in 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tennessee Titans.

paragraph: Matias signed with the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent following the 2015 NFL Draft. He was waived on September 5, 2015 and was signed to the practice squad the next day, where he spent his entire rookie season.

paragraph: On August 17, 2016, Matias was waived/injured by the Titans after suffering a torn patellar tendon and was placed on injured reserve.

paragraph: On September 2, 2017, Matias was waived by the Titans.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Ottawa Redblacks.

paragraph: Matias joined the Ottawa Redblacks in June 2018. He started his first game since the 2015 Rose Bowl in October 2018.

paragraph: Matias announced his retirement from football on March 30, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Florida State Seminoles bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Josue Matías

wikipedia_title: Josue Matías


text:
Sheffield
Bob Dylan
The Beach Boys
The Beatles
The Rolling Stones
Jimi Hendrix
Little Walter
Big Joe Williams
Howlin' Wolf
Muddy Waters
Dire Straits
On Every Street
Mark Knopfler
Kill to Get Crimson
Get Lucky
All the Roadrunning
On the Night
Real Live Roadrunning
Emmylou Harris
Guy Fletcher
Bryan Adams
Chris DeBurgh
Daniel Bedingfield
David Gilmour
David Sylvian
Depeche Mode
Elton John
Gavin Friday
George Michael
John Martyn
Johnny Hallyday
Penguin Cafe Orchestra
Pet Shop Boys
Simply Red
Talk Talk
Tina Turner
Vicente Amigo

categories: Conga players,British male drummers,English session musicians,Snare drummers,Musicians from Sheffield,Tambourine players,English rock drummers,People from Sheffield,British percussionists,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people),Penguin Cafe Orchestra members

paragraph: Danny Cummings

paragraph: Danny Cummings is an English drummer and percussionist from Sheffield, England.

paragraph: Section::::Music career.

paragraph: At age 12, Cummings began playing snare drum in his school band, then got interested in exotic percussion. His personal musical influences include Bob Dylan, The Beach Boys, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones and Jimi Hendrix. In addition to drums, congas and other percussion instruments, he plays African instruments and experiments with electronic sounds. He plays drums as a core member of BluesClub, playing songs by Little Walter, Big Joe Williams, Howlin' Wolf, Muddy Waters and others.

paragraph: The last Dire Straits album "On Every Street" featured Cummings as a percussionist and he also contributed to Mark Knopfler's albums "Kill to Get Crimson", "Get Lucky", and "All the Roadrunning". He toured with Knopfler on the tours for each of these albums, and featured on the live CDs and DVDs "On the Night" and "Real Live Roadrunning" featuring Emmylou Harris. Cummings also appears on Guy Fletcher's albums "Inamorata" (2007) and "Natural Selection" (2010).

paragraph: He has also recorded with Bryan Adams, Chris DeBurgh, Daniel Bedingfield, David Gilmour, David Sylvian, Depeche Mode, Elton John, Gavin Friday, George Michael, John Martyn, Johnny Hallyday, Penguin Cafe Orchestra, Pet Shop Boys, Simply Red, Talk Talk, Tina Turner, and Vicente Amigo.

description: British percussionist and drummer

wikidata_label: Danny Cummings

wikipedia_title: Danny Cummings


text: Swiss

text: landscape artist

text: oils

text: watercolours

text: pen and ink

text: Gilbert White

text: Burgdorf

text: Switzerland

text: Johann Ludwig Aberli

text: Friedrich von Hagedorn

text: Johann Georg Wille

text: Bois de Boulogne

text: Normandy

text: Picardy

text: Sir Richard Kaye

text: Kirkby in Ashfield

text: Derbyshire

text: Staffordshire

text: Tavistock Street

text: St Paul's church

text: Covent Garden

text: coronation

text: Edward VI

text: Calcot Manor

text: Gloucestershire

text: Samuel Pegge

text: Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln

text: British Library

text: Sussex

text: Gilbert White

text: Sir William Burrell

text: S H Grimm online

text: Christie's

categories: Swiss watercolourists,People from Burgdorf, Switzerland,Swiss male painters,1733 births,Swiss emigrants to the United Kingdom,Landscape artists,18th-century Swiss painters

paragraph: Samuel Hieronymus Grimm

paragraph: Samuel Hieronymus Grimm (January 18, 1733 – April 14, 1794) was an 18th-century Swiss landscape artist who worked in oils (until 1764), watercolours, and pen and ink media.

paragraph: Grimm specialised in documenting historical scenes and events; he also illustrated books such as Gilbert White's "The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne".

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Early Life and training in Bern and Paris.

paragraph: Grimm was born in 1733 in Burgdorf, a town situated to the north-east of Bern in Switzerland. Initially Grimm aspired to be a poet and in 1762 published a volume of poems. Shortly before 1760 Grimm moved to Bern and studied under Johann Ludwig Aberli who had taken over a drawing school that had previously been run by his uncle Johann Rudolf Grimm. Aberli specialised in topographical scenery, particularly of the Swiss Alps and he also patented a technique using faint outline etching for the mass production of these views. Grimm supplied drawings which were used to illustrate Friedrich von Hagedorn's "Poetische Werke" which was published between 1769 and 1772.

paragraph: Grimm worked for Aberli until 1765, when at the age of 32, he moved to Paris to study under Johann Georg Wille who was a member of the Académie royal de peinture et de sculpture and "Graveur de Roi". Under Wille, was able to greatly expand his skill as landscape and topographical artist. Surviving work shows that he made sketching trips in the Bois de Boulogne, Normandy and Picardy. At this time he perfected his skills as watercolour artist and a recorder of historic buildings. About March 1768, Grimm left Paris for London. Wille wrote about Grimm "était un bien honnête garçon que nous estimions beaucoup".

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Move to England.

paragraph: Critics of his time remarked that Grimm was a "man of genius". He was adopted as a travelling companion of the Rev. Sir Richard Kaye who became Rector of Kirkby in Ashfield in 1765 - his role was to record "anything curious". In 1775 Grimm was known to be in Derbyshire and Staffordshire, and by 1778 was working in London.

paragraph: Grimm died in Tavistock Street in London on 14 April 1794, and left his money to a niece in Switzerland. He was buried at St Paul's church in Covent Garden in a service taken by Kaye, who had become the Dean of Lincoln.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Role as a recording historian.

paragraph: Grimm's speciality was visually documenting historical relics in the kind of detail that might otherwise have gone unreported. For example, the British Library credits him with documenting the only surviving scene of the coronation of Edward VI. Another example of a unique artistic recording is the 1790 ink-wash drawing he produced of the chapel at Calcot Manor in Gloucestershire, long since ruined, and a drawing of Samuel Pegge's church which was later rebuilt after a fire. He also made a number of drawings of the body of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln when his coffin was opened.

paragraph: The British Library possesses 2,662 drawings in twelve volumes by this artist, covering many of the counties of England and a further 886 watercolours, in seven volumes, dedicated to the county of Sussex.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.:Patronage.

paragraph: Grimm's leading patron was Sir Richard Kaye, but this was not his only income. He also undertook work for the naturalist Gilbert White, illustrating his "The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne", and Sir William Burrell. Burrell gave Grimm's Sussex collection in 1796, whilst Sir Richard bequeathed his collection of Grimm's art to the British Museum in 1810. Luckily they valued his work more than Grimm himself, who had left instructions for his papers to be destroyed after his death.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibition.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kunstmuseum Bern (17.01. – 21.04.2014) "Samuel Hieronymus Grimm (1733-1794). A Very English Swiss", A Talented and much-admired Swiss in England.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clay, Rotha Mary. "Samuel Hieronymus Grimm of Burgdorf in Switzerland" (Faber, 1941).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dolman, Brett. "'Everything Curious':Samuel Hieronymus Grimm and Sir Richard Kaye.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hauptmann W. (2014), "Samuel Hieronymous Grimm: (1733-1794), A very English Swiss", Kunst Museum Bern.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plaideux, Hugues. « Samuel Hieronymus Grimm (1733-1794) : ses oeuvres en Normandie et l'iconographie authentique de l'abbaye de Cherbourg », in "Les Anglais en Normandie", Actes du 45e Congrès des Sociétés historiques et archéologiques de Normandie (Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, octobre 2010), vol. 16, 2011, p. 373-384.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- S H Grimm online (ArtCyclopedia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- South-east view of St Lawrence Church, Whitwell, Derbyshire (Christie's)

alias:
Samuel Hieronymous Grimm
Hieronymus Grimm
Hieronymus Grim
S.H. Grim
Grimms
s. h. grimm
samuel grimm
samuel hieronymus grimm
S. H. Grim
Samuel Henry Grimm
Grimm
sam. hier. grimm
Grim

description: Swiss landscape artist

wikidata_label: Samuel Hieronymus Grimm

wikipedia_title: Samuel Hieronymus Grimm


text: Church of England

text: bishop

text: Islington

text: Middlesex

text: Greater London

text: physician

text: George

text: Bishop of Argyll and The Isles

text: Eton College

text: Merton College, Oxford

text: Fellow

text: Exeter College, Oxford

text: ordained

text: Vicar

text: Tardebigge

text: Rector

text: Honiton

text: Bishop of Oxford

text: Oxford Union

text: Tardebigge

text: Worcestershire

text: Worcester Cathedral

text: William Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon

text: William Ewart Gladstone

text: Chancellor of the Order of the Garter

text: Angus House

text: Eastbourne

text: Sussex

text: Sandhurst Churchyard

text: Berkshire

text: Doctor of Divinity

text: Public Worship Regulation Act

text: Ottery Saint Mary

text: Devon

text: John Taylor Coleridge

text: John Taylor Coleridge

text: Frederick Michael Coleridge Mackarness

text: barrister

text: judge

text: Liberal

text: MP

text: Newbury

text: Charles

text: FA Cup

text: Oxford University

text: Archdeacon of the East Riding

text: Alfred Pott

text: Archdeacon of Berkshire

text: Janus

text: University of Cambridge

categories: People educated at Eton College,1889 deaths,People from Islington (district),Fellows of Exeter College, Oxford,Chancellors of the Order of the Garter,Alumni of Merton College, Oxford,Bishops of Oxford,1820 births,Coleridge family

paragraph: John Mackarness

paragraph: John Fielder Mackarness (3 December 1820 – 16 September 1889) was a Church of England bishop.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in Islington (then in the county of Middlesex, now in Greater London) on 8 December 1820, the eldest son of John Mackarness, a West India merchant (died 2 January 1870), and Catherine, daughter of George Smith Coxhead, a physician. His younger brother George served as the Bishop of Argyll and The Isles from 1874 to 1883.

paragraph: He was educated at Eton College and Merton College, Oxford.

paragraph: After matriculation he was elected a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. Mackarness was ordained on Sunday 18 May 1845. He was Vicar of St BartholomewTardebigge (1845–1855); Rector of Honiton (1855–1870) and finally Bishop of Oxford (1870–1889).

paragraph: At Eton he was captain of the football club, he rowed in the Merton boat, and was president of the Oxford Union.

paragraph: From 11 August 1846 to 1855, he held the vicarage of Tardebigge in Worcestershire, and from 1854 to 1868, he was an honorary canon of Worcester Cathedral. On the nomination of William Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon, he was appointed to the rectory of Honiton, Devonshire, in 1855, and as such was responsible for the management of Honiton grammar school. This preferment he retained until his appointment to the episcopal bench, holding with it from 1858 a prebendal stall in Exeter Cathedral, and from 1867 the adjoining vicarage of Monkton.

paragraph: In 1866, he was elected as proctor in convocation for that diocese, but lost his seat in 1869 through declining to oppose the disestablishment of the Irish church. By the recommendation of William Ewart Gladstone, he was appointed to the see of Oxford, being consecrated bishop on 25 January 1870, and invested as Chancellor of the Order of the Garter on 5 February 1870. He discharged the duties of that see until 1888, when failing health compelled him to retire, his resignation taking legal effect on 17 November 1888.

paragraph: He died at Angus House, Eastbourne, Sussex, on 16 September 1889, and was buried on 21 September in Sandhurst Churchyard, Berkshire. He had become a Doctor of Divinity (DD).

paragraph: Section::::Assessment.

paragraph: As a bishop, Mackarness was fearless and independent, without any trace of affectation, and the sermon which Ince (a professor) preached at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, on 22 September 1889, and afterwards published, bore public witness to the regard which the clergy of his diocese had for him.

paragraph: When an attempt was made to force him to take proceedings against the rector of Clewer, he argued the case in person before the judges of the queen's bench division. Judgment went against him, but on carrying the case to the court of appeal it was given in his favour, and this decision was confirmed by the House of Lords. A liberal in politics, he voted in the lords against the Afghan war and the Public Worship Regulation Act, while he supported the bill for allowing dissenters to be buried in churchyards with services from their own ministers, and the measure for the removal of religious tests in the universities.

paragraph: On surrendering to the ecclesiastical commissioners the management of the Oxford bishopric estates, Mackarness, with singular honesty, paid to them the sum of £1,729, being the estimated amount which he had received therefrom in excess of his statutory income during the previous nine years.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married Alethea Buchanan Coleridge on 7 August 1849 at Ottery Saint Mary, Devon, daughter of Sir John Taylor Coleridge. She was born in 1826 in London and died on 30 March 1909. Her parents were John Taylor Coleridge and Mary Buchanan. Together they had eight children; one of whom was Frederick Michael Coleridge Mackarness a prominent barrister then judge who also served as the Liberal MP for the Newbury constituency between 1906 and 1910. Another son, Charles won the FA Cup with Oxford University in 1874, before going on to have a long career in the church, becoming Archdeacon of the East Riding from 1898 to 1916.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Mackarness was the author of numerous sermons and charges, and until his elevation to the see of Oxford he regularly contributed to the 'Guardian.'

paragraph: His chief publications were :

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'A few Words to the Country Parsons on the Election for Oxford University. By One of Themselves,' 1847.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'A Plea for 'toleration, in Answer to the No Popery Cry,' 1850.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'May or Must,' a letter to Alfred Pott, Archdeacon of Berkshire, 1879. With Richard Seymour he edited in 1862 a volume called 'Eighteen Years of a Clerical Meeting, being the Minutes of the Alcester Clerical Association, 1842–60,' and a sermon by him on the death of Lord Lyttelton, to whom he was for some time honorary chaplain, appeared in 'Brief Memorials of Lord Lyttelton,' 1876.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, volume 1. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. page 851

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacKarness, John Fielder (1820-1889) bishop of Oxford, Janus, University of Cambridge

alias:
John F. Mackarness
John Fielder Mackarness

description: British bishop

wikidata_label: John Mackarness

wikipedia_title: John Mackarness


href: engraver goldsmith artist anatomist Le%C3%B3n%2C%20Spain anatomy Toledo%2C%20Spain Salamanca Valladolid cathedral monstrances %C3%81vila%2C%20Spain Seville Burgos architect sculptor woodcut Segovia geometry gnomonics human%20body quadrupeds bird woodcut Madrid

text:
engraver
goldsmith
artist
anatomist
Leon
anatomy
Toledo
Salamanca
Valladolid
cathedral
monstrances
Ávila
Seville
Burgos
architect
sculptor
woodcut
Segovia
geometry
gnomonics
human body
quadrupeds
bird
woodcut
Madrid

categories: 1535 births,Spanish goldsmiths,Spanish artists,1603 deaths

paragraph: Juan de Arphe y Villafañe

paragraph: Juan de Arfe y Villafañe (1535 – 1603) was a Spanish engraver, goldsmith, artist, anatomist and author. He was of German descent.

paragraph: Born in Leon, Arphe y Villafañe was instructed by his father, Antonio, in goldsmithing and engraving, and also studied anatomy in Toledo and Salamanca. Following his father's death, Villafañe moved to Valladolid, where he worked as a goldsmith, mostly for churches and cathedrals, making monstrances and other pieces for cities including Ávila, Seville and Burgos. At the same time, he was an architect and a sculptor, and worked as an engraver and creator of woodcuts, as well as being the assayer of a mint in Segovia.

paragraph: Arphe-Villafañe wrote several books of which the best known was his "Varia conmcnsuracion la escultura y arquitectura". Each of the four books which comprised the work focused on one of Arphe-Villafañe's subjects of expertise:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The first book discussed geometry in brief, and gnomonics at great length.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The second book focused on the anatomy of the human body.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The third book contained many illustrations of animals, and the text described quadrupeds and birds.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The fourth book talks solely on architecture and closely related subject matters.

paragraph: All of the books contained many woodcuts, some full page, with others mixed with the text.

paragraph: He moved to Madrid some years before his death, and he spent the final years of his life there, before he died of undocumented causes early into the 17th century.

paragraph: Section::::Notes and references.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Specific

paragraph: BULLET::::- General

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Ford "A Handbook for Travellers in Spain". 1855

paragraph: BULLET::::- Donald Frederick Lach "Asia in the Making of Europe". University of Chicago Press, 1977

alias:
Juan De Arfe Y Villafane
Ioan de Arphe Villafañe
Juan de Arfe y Villafane
Juan de Arfe
Juan Arfe y Villafañe
Juan Arfe Villafañe
Juan de Arphe
Joan de Arphe De Villafañe
Joan de Arphe Villafañe
Juan De Arfe y Villafañe
Juan de Arphe Villafañe
Juan de Arfe Villafañe
Juan de Arfe y Villafañe

description: Spanish artist

wikidata_label: Juan de Arphe y Villafañe

wikipedia_title: Juan de Arphe y Villafañe


text:
Oświęcim
Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn
Cieszyn
Oświęcim
Casimir I
Kraków
Władysław I the Elbow-high
Poland
Dominican
Oświęcim
Euphrosyne
Bolesław II of Masovia
Jan I the Scholastic
Thomas Szécsényi

categories: 1324 deaths,Piast dynasty,Year of birth uncertain,13th-century births

paragraph: Władysław of Oświęcim

paragraph: Władysław of Oświęcim (; 1275/80 – by 15 May 1324), was a Duke of Oświęcim from 1315 until his death.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn by his wife, probably called Grzymisława.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1290, shortly after his father assumed control over the Duchy of Cieszyn, Władysław was named co-ruler by him. However, and for unknown reasons, after Mieszko I's death in 1315, Władysław didn't receive the capital Cieszyn, but the much less political Oświęcim, which began his later political conflicts with his brother Casimir I. This also contributed to Władysław's involvements in politics at the side of his namesake the Duke of Kraków, since 1320 King Władysław I the Elbow-high of Poland (in a document of 1315 is called an ally of the Duke of Kraków).

paragraph: The exact date of Władysław's death is unknown, but is estimated between 1321-1324. He was buried in the Dominican church of Oświęcim.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: By 1304, Władysław married Euphrosyne (b. ca. 1292 – d. 26 December 1328/1329), daughter of Duke Bolesław II of Masovia. They had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Jan I the Scholastic (b. 1308/10 – d. by 29 September 1372).

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Anna (d. 19 September 1354), married Thomas Szécsényi, obergespan of Arad, Bács and Szerém.

description: Polish duke

wikidata_label: Władysław of Oświęcim

wikipedia_title: Władysław of Oświęcim


text:
Oświęcim
Władysław of Oświęcim
Euphrosyne
Boleslaus II of Masovia
Scholastic
Kraków
Oświęcim
Pope Gregory XI
House of Luxembourg
John of Bohemia
Opawa
Racibórz
Opawa
Prague
Oleśnica
Dominican
Płock
Jan II
Henry II Reuss
Vogt
Plauen

paragraph: Jan I the Scholastic

paragraph: Jan I the Scholastic (; 1308/10 – 1372 before 29 September), was a Duke of Oświęcim from 1324 until his death.

paragraph: He was the eldest child and only son of Duke Władysław of Oświęcim by his wife Euphrosyne, daughter of Duke Boleslaus II of Masovia.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Despite the fact that he was the only heir of his father, Jan was destined since his childhood for a church career. On 15 December 1321 he received the title of Scholastic in Kraków.

paragraph: After Władysław's death in 1324, Jan succeeded him in Oświęcim and in consequence was forced to leave his spiritual career. During the first year of his reign (1324–1325), he was placed under the regency of his mother, the Dowager Duchess Euphrosyne, who remained involved in the government of the Duchy until her death, in 1329.

paragraph: Even after he left his Church career, Jan continued to receive the revenues generated from his former title of Scholastic in Kraków, which caused the intervention of Pope Gregory XI: Jan was forced to pay 5,000 fines and 500 florins as compensation for damages. The participation of troops who attacked the monasteries of Mogile and Rudy, both in Jan's territory, was not without significance.

paragraph: In foreign policy, Jan became a faithful ally of the House of Luxembourg. On 24 February 1327, together with the other Piast Dukes, Jan paid homage to King John of Bohemia in Opawa. In 1336, Jan was forced to accept the annexation of the Duchy of Racibórz to the Přemyslid Duchy of Opawa.

paragraph: In 1355 Jan participated in the Congress of Prague, where a dispute was resolved between the Dukes of Cieszyn and Oleśnica for the division of the Duchy of Bytom. The dispute was only resolved after Jan's mediation in 1369.

paragraph: Jan died in 1372 (before 29 September) and was buried in the Dominican monastery in Oświęcim. His generosity to the Church was recognized by the Provincial Chapter of Płock in 1372, when prayers for the soul of the deceased Duke were ordered in the whole country.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: The name of Jan's first wife was unknown. They had one son:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Jan II (b. ca. 1344/51 – d. 19 February 1376).

paragraph: After 12 July 1359, Jan married secondly Salome (b. ca. 1345/50 – d. aft. 9 November 1400), daughter of Henry II Reuss, Vogt of Plauen. They had no children.

description: Duke of Oświęcim

wikidata_label: Jan I the Scholastic

wikipedia_title: Jan I the Scholastic


text:
Russian
Dmitri Konstantinovich
Suzdal
Nizhny Novgorod
Prince of Suzdal
Gorodets
Rurikid
Shuysky
Nizhny Novgorod
Gorodets
Suzdal
Golden Horde
jarlig
Vladimir-Suzdal Principality
Prince of Moscow
Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy
Principality of Suzdal—Nizhny Novgorod
Volga river
Asan
Kazan
Sary-Aka's embassy
Blue Horde
Mamai
Moscow
Nizhny Novgorod
Kazan
Semyon
Blue Horde
Tokhtamysh
revenge raid on Moscow
Tatars
Dmitri Konstantinovich
Nizhny Novgorod
Semyon
Grand Prince of Moscow
Vasily I Dmitriyevich
jarlig
Nizhny Novgorod
Vasily Tatishchev
Vasily I Dmitriyevich
Shuya
Suzdal—Nizhny Novgorod
Lyskovo
Василий Димитриевич Кирдяпа
"Prince Shuysky and Boyars"

categories: History of Nizhny Novgorod,Conflicts in 1375,1350s births,Conflicts in 1382,Golden Horde,1403 deaths,14th-century Russian people

paragraph: Vasiliy Kirdyapa

paragraph: Vasily Demitryvich Kirdyapa (Russian: Василий Дмитриевич Кирдяпа, c. 1350 – 1403) was the eldest son of Dmitri Konstantinovich of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod, a Prince of Suzdal (1364–1382) and Gorodets (1387–1403). He was the ancestor of the senior branch of a Rurikid noble family, and the Princes Shuysky.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: In 1364, Vasily Kirdyapa and his brother were sent by their father, Dmitri Konstantinovich, to negotiate with their uncle , who at the time was the prince and ruler of the cities of Nizhny Novgorod, Gorodets, and Suzdal. After Boris refused his nephews entry to the city, Vasily proceeded to the Golden Horde where he got the jarlig, or "Khan's permission", for his father to rule over the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality. Dmitri yielded the jarlig to the Prince of Moscow, Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy, and then, with the help of Donskoy's troops, drove Boris out of Nizhny Novgorod. He then took over Gorodets while Vasily became the ruler of Suzdal.

paragraph: In 1367, Vasily joined his father and uncle in an attempt to repel Bulat-Temir, a marauder from the Golden Horde raiding the regions of the Principality of Suzdal—Nizhny Novgorod along the Volga river.

paragraph: In 1370, Vasily was dispatched by his father to fight against Asan, the Prince of Kazan. There is a controversial claim that Vasily carried out a massacre of Sary-Aka's embassy, which was ordered by the commander of the Blue Horde Mamai in Nizhny Novgorod in 1374.

paragraph: In 1376, Vasily and his younger brother conducted a plundering raid, along with troops from the principalities of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod, on Kazan where they inflicted severe casualties and laid the city under a heavy siege.

paragraph: In 1382, Vasiliy and Semyon joined the khan of the Blue Horde Tokhtamysh in his revenge raid on Moscow. The brothers convinced the defenders of the city to negotiate with the Tatars in exchange for a guarantee of their safety. The Tatars, however, killed the negotiators and stormed into the city. Moscow was razed, and almost 24,000 citizens were killed. Following that battle, Vasily was taken by Tokhtamysh to the Blue Horde and kept as a hostage. He attempted an escape in 1386, but was caught and brought back to be punished by the Khan.

paragraph: In 1387, Tokhtamysh set Vasily free and granted him permission to rule over Gorodets. By that time his father, Dmitri Konstantinovich, had died and uncle Boris Konstantinovich again ruled over Nizhny Novgorod. With military assistance from Moscow, Vasily and Semyon forced their uncle out of Nizhny Novgorod for a second time.

paragraph: In 1393, the Grand Prince of Moscow Vasily I Dmitriyevich, a nephew of Vasily and Semyon, purchased the jarlig to rule Nizhny Novgorod from the Golden Horde. After driving Boris Konstantinovich out of Nizhny Novgorod, where he had established himself once again, the Grand Prince besieged Suzdal in an attempt to reclaim his uncle Vasily's throne. The outcome of the campaign is unclear, although some historians claim that Vasily and Semyon were able to bring Nizhny Novgorod back under their control. According to Vasily Tatishchev, Vasily I Dmitriyevich, in 1394, approached Nizhny Novgorod and forced Vasily and his brother Semyon to leave the city while granting them the city of Shuya. As the seniors among the Suzdal—Nizhny Novgorod princes, the brothers had been displeased with what they considered to be the lowly principality of Shuya. Reasoning to their dissatisfaction with the rule is suggested by reports that they attempted to reach the Golden Horde in 1394 to complain and retake Nizhny Novgorod. The Grand Prince sent troops to arrest the brothers, though they both managed to escape.

paragraph: In 1403, Vasiliy Kirdyapa died in Gorodets.

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: Vasily Kirdyapa had four sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivan Vasilievich Kirdyapin – a Prince of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod (1390—1417). He was buried in the in Nizhny Novgorod.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yuri-George Vasilievich Kirdyapin – a Prince of Nizhny Novgorod and Suzdal. He owned half of the city of Shuya. His descendants were named the Princes Shuysky.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fyodor Vasilievich Kirdyapin – he was childless.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daniil Vasilievich – a Prince of Gorodets. He was killed in a battle near Lyskovo in 1412.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Василий Димитриевич Кирдяпа //: В 86 томах (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Соколов А. Поборник Российской Державы в смутное время: (о жизни князя М. В. Скопина-Шуйского)/Александр Соколов, митрофор. протоиер. Nizhny Novgorod. 2008. p. 236.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prince Shuysky and Boyars". malabar.net.

description: Russian noble

wikidata_label: Vasiliy Kirdyapa

wikipedia_title: Vasiliy Kirdyapa


text: Chrysanthemum Throne

text: imina

text: Emperor Monmu

text: Fujiwara no Fuhito

text: Yōrō

text: Jinki

text: major smallpox epidemic

text: Fujiwara

text: ritsuryō

text: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion

text: Tenpyō

text: Heijō-kyō

text: Nara

text: Tsuge

text: Nabari

text: Aoyama

text: Ichishi District

text: Ise Province

text: Tsu

text: Hakusan

text: Tenpyō

text: Tenpyō

text: Mino Province

text: Lake Biwa

text: Yamashiro Province

text: Kizugawa

text: Tenpyō

text: Suzuka

text: Yokkaichi

text: Tado

text: Yōrō

text: Tarui

text: Santō

text: Maihara

text: Hikone

text: Yōkaichi

text: Yasu

text: Moriyama

text: Ōtsu

text: Yamashina-ku, Kyoto

text: Tenpyō

text: Kuni-kyō

text: Jinki

text: Nara

text: Kibi no Makibi

text: Genbō

text: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu

text: Dazai shoni

text: Hirotsugu rebels

text: Ōno no Azumabito

text: Hizen Province

text: Tenpyō

text: Kuni-kyō

text: provincial temple

text: Tōdai-ji

text: Nara

text: Naniwa-kyō

text: Shigaraki-kyō

text: Heijō-kyō

text: Tenpyō-shōhō

text: Eye-Opening Ceremony

text: Rōben

text: Tōdai-ji

text: Vairocana Buddha

text: Tōdai-ji

text: Nara

text: bronze

text: precious metal

text: provincial temple

text: ohigan

text: equinox

text: grave

text: memorial

text: Shinto

text: shrine

text: Imperial Household Agency

text: mausoleum

text: Nara City

text: Empress Kōmyō

text: Emperor of Japan

text: Meiji era

text: Daijō-kan

text: Daijō-daijin

text: Emperor Tenmu

text: Daijō-daijin

text: Prince Takechi

text: Sadaijin

text: Nagaya"-ō"

text: Prince Takechi

text: Sadaijin

text: Tachibana no Moroe

text: Empress Kōmyō

text: Udaijin

text: Fujiwara no Muchimaro

text: Fujiwara no Fuhito

text: Naidaijin

text: Fujiwara no Toyonari

text: Fujiwara no Muchimaro

text: Dainagon

text: Fujiwara no Fusasaki

text: Fujiwara no Fuhito

text: era name

text: nengō

text: Jinki

text: Tenpyō

text: Tenpyō-kanpō

text: Tenpyō-shōhō

text: Fujiwara Asukabehime

text: Fujiwara no Fuhito

text: Empress Kōken

text: Princess Inoe

text: Emperor Kōnin

text: Fujiwara no Muchimaro

text: Fujiwara no Fusasaki

text: Emperor of Japan

text: Imperial cult

text: List of Emperors of Japan

text: "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past".

text: "The Emergence of Japanese Kingship".

text: Stanford University Press

text: Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

text: "The Imperial House of Japan".

text: Titsingh, Isaac

text: Nihon Ōdai Ichiran

text: "Annales des empereurs du Japon".

text: Varley, H. Paul

text: Vairocana Buddha at the temple of Todaiji

categories: People of Asuka-period Japan,8th-century Japanese monarchs,756 deaths,Japanese emperors,701 births,People of Nara-period Japan

paragraph: Emperor Shōmu

paragraph: Shōmu's reign spanned the years 724 through 749.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional narrative.

paragraph: Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name ("imina") is not clearly known, but he was known as Oshi-hiraki Toyosakura-hiko-no-mikoto.

paragraph: Shōmu was the son of Emperor Monmu and Fujiwara no Miyako, a daughter of Fujiwara no Fuhito.

paragraph: Shōmu had four Empresses and six Imperial sons and daughters.

paragraph: Shōmu was still a child at the time of his father's death; thus, Empresses Gemmei and Gensho occupied the throne before he acceded.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 724 ("Yōrō 8, 1st month"): In the 9th year of Genshō"-tennō" 's reign (元正天皇九年), the empress abdicated; and her younger brother received the succession (‘‘senso’’). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Shōmu is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).

paragraph: BULLET::::- January 31, 724 ("Jinki 1"): The era name is changed to mark the accession of Emperor Shōmu.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 735–737: A major smallpox epidemic raged throughout Japan, incurring adult mortality rates of about 25% to 35%.

paragraph: Shōmu continued to reside in the Hezei Palace.

paragraph: Shōmu is known as the first emperor whose consort was not born into the imperial household. His consort Kōmyō was a non-royal Fujiwara commoner. A ritsuryō office was created for the queen-consort, the "Kogogushiki"; and this bureaucratic innovation continued into the Heian period.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional narrative.:Events of Shōmu's reign.:Emperor Shōmu's tour to the eastern provinces.

paragraph: While battle maneuvers of the Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion were still underway, in Tenpyō 12 10th month (November, 740) Emperor Shōmu left the capital at Heijō-kyō (Nara) and traveled eastward via Horikoshi (堀越頓宮; today Tsuge; 10th month, 29th day: November 22), Nabari (10th month, 30th day: November 23), Ao (安保頓宮; today Aoyama ; 11th month 1st day: November 24) to Kawaguchi in Ichishi District, Ise Province (today part of Tsu, formerly part of Hakusan) where he retreated together with his court to a temporary palace. One of his generals was left in command of the capital. Presumably Shōmu feared Fujiwara supporters in Nara and was hoping to quell potential uprisings in other parts of the country with his presence. After four days travelling through heavy rain and thick mud, the party reached Kawaguchi on Tenpyō 12 11th month, 2nd day (25 November, 740) A couple of days later, they learn of Hirotsugu's execution and that the rebellion had been quelled.

paragraph: Despite the good news, Shōmu did not return to Heijō-kyō immediately, but stayed in Kawaguchi until Tenpyō 12 11th month, 11th day (4 December, 740). He continued his journey east, then north via Mino Province and back west along the shores of Lake Biwa to Kuni in Yamashiro Province (today in Kizugawa) which he reached on Tenpyō 12 12th month, 15th day (6 January, 741). Places passed along the way included Akasaka (赤坂頓宮; today Suzuka; 11th m. 14th d.: Dec 7）, Asake district (朝明郡; today Yokkaichi; 11th m. 20th d.: Dec 13）, Ishiura (石占頓宮; today Tado; 11th m. 25th d.: Dec 18）, Tagi district (当伎郡; today Yōrō; 11th m. 26th d.: Dec 19）, Fuwa (不破頓宮; today Tarui; 12th m. 1st d.: Dec 23）, Yokokawa (横川頓宮; today Santō or Maihara; 12th m. 6th d.: Dec 28), Inukami (犬上頓宮; today Hikone; 12th m. 7th d.: Dec 29）, Gamō district (蒲生郡; today near Yōkaichi; 12th m. 9th d.: Dec 31）, Yasu (野洲頓宮; today Yasu or Moriyama; 12th m. 10th d.: Jan 1）, Awazu (禾津頓宮; today Ōtsu; 12th m. 11th d.： Jan 2）, Tamanoi (玉井頓宮; today Yamashina-ku, Kyoto; 12th m. 14th d.）. Situated among the hills and near a river north of Nara, Kuni was easily defensible. In addition, the area was linked with the Minister of the Right, Tachibana no Moroe, while Nara was a center of the Fujiwara clan. On Tenpyō 12 12th month, 15 day (6 January, 741) Shōmu proclaimed a new capital at Kuni-kyō.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional narrative.:Timeline.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 724 ("Jinki 1"): Emperor Shōmu rises to throne.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 740 ("Tenpyō 12, 8th month"): In the Imperial court in Nara, Kibi no Makibi and Genbō conspire to discredit Fujiwara no Hirotsugu, who is "Dazai shoni" in Kyushu.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 740 ("Tenpyō 12, 9th month"): Hirotsugu rebels in reaction to the growing influence of Genbō and others.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 740 ("Tenpyō 12, 9th month"): Under the command of Ōno no Azumabito, an Imperial army of 17,000 is sent to Kyushu to stop the potential disturbance.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 740 ("Tenpyō 12, 10th month"): Hirotsugu is decisively beaten in battle; and he is beheaded in Hizen Province.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 740 ("Tenpyō 12"): The capital is moved to Kuni-kyō

paragraph: BULLET::::- 741 ("Tenpyō 13"): The Emperor calls for nationwide establishment of provincial temples. Provincial temples (""kokubunji"") and provincial nunneries (""kokubunniji"") were established throughout the country. The more formal name for these ""kokubunji"" was ""konkomyo-shitenno-gokoku no tera"" (meaning "temples for the protection of the cournty by the four guardian deities of the golden light"). The more formal name for these ""bokubunniji"" was ""hokke-metuzai no tera"" (meaning "nunneries for eliminating sin by means of the Lotus Sutra").

paragraph: BULLET::::- 743 ("Tenpyō 15"): The Emperor issues a rescript to build the "Daibutsu" (Great Buddha), later to be completed and placed in Tōdai-ji, Nara.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 743 ("Tenpyō 15"): The law of Perpetual Ownership of Cultivated Lands (墾田永代私財法) issued

paragraph: BULLET::::- 744 ("Tenpyō 16"): In the spring, the court was moved to Naniwa-kyō which then became the new capital.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 745 ("Tenpyō 17"): The Emperor declares by himself Shigaraki-kyō the capital

paragraph: BULLET::::- 745 ("Tenpyō 17"): The capital returns to Heijō-kyō, construction of the Great Buddha resumes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 749 ("Tenpyō 21, 4th month"): Shōmu, accompanied by the empress, their children, and all the great men and women of the court, went in procession to Todai-ji. The emperor stood before the statue of the Buddha and proclaimed himself to be a slave to the three precious precepts of the Buddhist religion, which are the Buddha, the Buddhist law, and the Buddhist church.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 749 ("Tenpyō 21, 7th month"): After a 25-year reign, Emperor Shōmu abdicates in favor of his daughter, Princess Takano, who would become Empress Kōken. After abdication, Shōmu took the tonsure, thus becoming the first retired emperor to become a Buddhist priest. Empress Komyo, following her husband’s example, also took holy vows in becoming a Buddhist nun.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 752 ("Tenpyō-shōhō 4, 4th month"): The Eye-Opening Ceremony, presided over by Rōben and celebrating the completion of the Great Buddha, is held at Tōdai-ji.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional narrative.:Legacy.

paragraph: Shōmu, a devout Buddhist, is best remembered for commissioning, in 743, the sixteen-meter high statue of the Vairocana Buddha (the "Daibutsu") in Tōdai-ji of Nara. At the time, this was such a massive undertaking that later chroniclers accuse him of having completely exhausted the country's reserves of bronze and precious metals. In 752, the Shōmu held the Eye-opening Ceremony of the Great Buddha.

paragraph: Earlier in 741, he established the system of provincial temples, making this the closest anyone ever came to declaring Japan a Buddhist nation. In addition he commissioned the observance of the ohigan holiday for both spring and autumnal equinox.

paragraph: Emperor Shōmu died at age 56.

paragraph: The actual site of Shōmu's grave is known. This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Nara.

paragraph: The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Shōmu's mausoleum. It is formally named "Sahoyama no minami no misasagi". The tomb site can be visited today in Horenji-cho, Tenri City near Nara City. The Imperial tomb of Shōmu's consort, Empress Kōmyō, is located nearby.

paragraph: Section::::Traditional narrative.:Kugyō.

paragraph: is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

paragraph: In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Shōmu's reign, this apex of the "Daijō-kan" included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daijō-daijin" (720–735), Toneri"-shinnō" (舎人親王) (9th son of Emperor Tenmu).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daijō-daijin" (737–745), Suzuka"-ō" (鈴鹿王) (son of Prince Takechi).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin" (724–729), Nagaya"-ō" (長屋王) (son of Prince Takechi).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sadaijin" (743–756), Tachibana no Moroe (橘諸兄) (formerly Katsuragi"-ō", Prince Katsuragi) (half brother of Empress Kōmyō) .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Udaijin" (734–737), Fujiwara no Muchimaro (藤原武智麻呂) (son of Fujiwara no Fuhito).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naidaijin", Fujiwara no Toyonari (藤原豊成) (son of Fujiwara no Muchimaro).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dainagon", Fujiwara no Fusasaki (藤原房前) (son of Fujiwara no Fuhito).

paragraph: Section::::Eras of Shōmu's life.

paragraph: The years of Shōmu's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jinki" (724–729)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tenpyō" (729–749)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tenpyō-kanpō" (749)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tenpyō-shōhō" (749–757)

paragraph: Section::::Consorts and children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empress: Fujiwara Asukabehime (藤原 安宿媛), Fujiwara no Fuhito’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess Abe (阿倍内親王) later Empress Kōken

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Son: Prince Motoi (基王, 727–728)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bunin": Agatainukai no Hirotoji (県犬養広刀自, d.762), Agatainukai no Morokoshi’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Daughter: Imperial Princess Inoe (井上内親王) , married to Emperor Kōnin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial Princess Fuwa (不破内親王, 723-795), married to Prince Shioyaki

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Son: Imperial Prince Asaka (安積親王, 728–744)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bunin": Nan-dono (南殿, d.748), Fujiwara no Muchimaro’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bunin": Hoku-dono (北殿, d.7y0), Fujiwara no Fusasaki’s daughter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bunin": Tachibana-no-Hirooka no Konakachi (橘広岡古那可智, d.759), Tachibana no Sai’s daughter

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emperor of Japan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imperial cult

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Emperors of Japan

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). "Gukanshō: The Future and the Past". Berkeley: University of California Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piggott, Joan R. (19970. "The Emergence of Japanese Kingship". Stanford: Stanford University Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan". Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon". Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns". New York: Columbia University Press. ;

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vairocana Buddha at the temple of Todaiji

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photographs of the mausolea of Empress Kōmyō and Emperor Shōmu

alias:
聖武天皇
Shōmu-tennō
Emperor Shōmu
Shomu
Shoumu

description: Emperor of Japan

wikidata_label: Shōmu

wikipedia_title: Emperor Shōmu


text:
Luxembourg
long-distance runner
marathon
1900 Olympics
Paris
France
Luxembourg City
Luxembourg
Paris
France
baker
Luxembourg
Belgium
Saint-Mandé
American
Arthur Newton
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
International Olympic Committee

categories: Olympic gold medalists for France,1878 births,Sportspeople from Luxembourg City,Luxembourgian male long-distance runners,Luxembourgian male marathon runners,French male marathon runners,1923 deaths,Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1900 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Michel Théato

paragraph: Michel Johann Théato (22 March 1878 – 2 April 1923) was a Luxembourgian long-distance runner, and the winner of the marathon at the 1900 Olympics in Paris for France. He was born in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg and died in Paris, France.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Little is known about Théato's early life. For many years it was believed he was a baker's delivery boy in Paris. He also worked for some time as a cabinetmaker. In the 20th century, Alain Bouillé discovered that Théato was born in Luxembourg and had moved to Belgium before settling down in the Paris suburbs. There is no evidence that Théato ever applied for French citizenship. Théato was a member of the athletics club in Saint-Mandé in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::1900 Olympics.

paragraph: The marathon started at 2:30pm in blazing heat. There were only 13 starters of the race, of whom 6 finished. Théato won the race with a time of 2:59:45.

paragraph: Théato's victory was initially disputed, as several of his opponents, including American runner Arthur Newton, who finished fifth, alleged that Théato had cheated by taking multiple shortcuts, helped by his local knowledge of the Parisian streets through his job as a delivery boy.

paragraph: These allegations have since been disproved, but as a result of them, Théato did not receive the gold medal until 1912.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Théato later became a professional runner, although with relatively little success. He set a personal best in the marathon of 2:42 in 1901.

paragraph: The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg lodged an official complaint with the International Olympic Committee in 2004, and petitioned to change the Olympic record of Théato's nationality.

description: Luxembourgian marathon dunner

wikidata_label: Michel Théato

wikipedia_title: Michel Théato


text:
Royal Navy
First Fleet
New South Wales
Australia
Newbury, Berkshire
Norfolk Island
Haslar Naval Hospital
Gosport
Hampshire

categories: 1795 deaths,1753 births,Explorers of Australia

paragraph: David Blackburn (Royal Navy officer)

paragraph: David Blackburn (1753–1795) was a Royal Navy officer. He was the Master of in the First Fleet that established the British settlement in New South Wales, Australia in 1788.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Blackburn was born on 1 January 1753 at Newbury, Berkshire, England. He was eldest son of Rev. John Blackburn and his wife Elizabeth, née Martineau. His family moved to Norwich after John's death in 1762.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He joined the Royal Navy on 5 May 1779, serving as a midshipman in . He was serving as master of in the west Indies in 1785.

paragraph: Section::::First Fleet.

paragraph: In April 1787 he was appointed master of "Supply", part of the First Fleet that established British settlement in New South Wales. During this time he wrote a series of letters to family members and friends, many of which are still extant. These letters describe the events of the voyage and the early days of settlement, including Blackburn's participation in the expedition to Norfolk Island to establish a settlement there in February 1788. Blackburn's letters record the change in his feelings towards the voyage. Initially reluctant to join the Fleet, shortly before the Fleet left he told his letter in a letter that "my dislike to the voyage begins gradually to wear off".

paragraph: "Supply" was part of the advance party of ships which arrived in Botany Bay on 18 January. Blackburn also joined Phillip's expedition in search of a better location for the settlement, and describes Sydney Harbour as "excellent and extensive".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died of illness on 10 January 1795 at Haslar Naval Hospital, Gosport, Hampshire, England.

description: Royal Navy officer  (1753–1795)

wikidata_label: David Blackburn

wikipedia_title: David Blackburn (Royal Navy officer)


text:
Bourbonnais
cleric
Robert II, Count of Artois
Philip IV of France
canon
Arras
Mahaut, Countess of Artois
provost
Aire-sur-la-Lys
Jeanne de Divion
Robert III of Artois
County of Artois
Béatrice d'Hirson
lady-in-waiting
bailiff
Maurice Druon
historical novel
Les Rois maudits

wikipedia_title:
Bourbonnais
Clergy
Robert II, Count of Artois
Philip IV of France
Canon (priest)
Arras
Mahaut, Countess of Artois
Provost (civil)
Aire-sur-la-Lys
Jeanne de Divion
Robert III of Artois
County of Artois
Béatrice d'Hirson
Lady-in-waiting
Bailiff
Maurice Druon
Historical fiction
The Accursed Kings

categories: Bishops of Arras,1328 deaths,1270 births

paragraph: Thierry Larchier d'Hirson

paragraph: Thierry Larchier d'Hirson or d'Hireçon, or de Hérisson, (1270 in Bourbonnais – 23 August 1328) was a French cleric under Robert II, Count of Artois.

paragraph: Hirson was employed by Philip IV of France on several occasions. He became a canon of Arras in 1299; chancellor of Mahaut, Countess of Artois in 1303; provost of Aire-sur-la-Lys in 1309; and was appointed Bishop of Arras in April 1328. He died on 23 August 1328.

paragraph: Hirson was involved with Jeanne de Divion, who, in revenge for what she did not inherit upon the bishop's death, procured false documents for Robert III of Artois so that he could recover the County of Artois, which had been bestowed upon his great aunt Mahaut, Countess of Artois, in a legal dispute.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Hirson's niece Béatrice d'Hirson was a lady-in-waiting to Mahaut, Countess of Artois, as was her sister Mathilde. His brothers were as follows:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denis d'Hirson, treasurer to the Countess of Artois, then lord of Arras

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guillaume d'Hirson, bailiff of Arras

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pierre d'Hirson, attendant to the Countess of Artois

paragraph: Section::::In fiction.

paragraph: The dispute between Robert and Mahaut plays an important part in Maurice Druon's series of French historical novels, "Les Rois maudits" ("The Accursed Kings)". Hirson was played by in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series.

wikidata_label: Thierry Larchier d'Hirson

wikipedia_title: Thierry Larchier d'Hirson


text:
TCR International Series
karting
Formula Renault 2.0 Alps
TCR International Series
SEAT León Cup Racer

wikipedia_title:
TCR International Series
Kart racing
Formula Renault 2.0 Alps
TCR International Series
SEAT León

categories: TCR International Series drivers,Formula Renault 2.0 Alps drivers,Portuguese racing drivers,1996 births,Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 drivers,Living people

paragraph: Francisco Mora (racing driver)

paragraph: Francisco Mora (born 26 August 1996) is a Portuguese racing driver currently competing in the TCR International Series. He previously competed in the Italian GT and Blancpain Sprint Series.

paragraph: Section::::Racing career.

paragraph: Mora began his career in 2011 in karting. He switched to the Formula Renault 2.0 Alps in 2013, he ended 14th in the Junior standings. In 2014 Mora switched to the Italian GT. In May 2015, it was announced that Mora would make his TCR International Series debut with Veloso Motorsport driving a SEAT León Cup Racer.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete TCR Europe Series results.

paragraph: Driver did not finish, but was classified as he completed over 75% of the race distance.

description: Portuguese racing driver

wikidata_label: Francisco Mora

wikipedia_title: Francisco Mora (racing driver)


text:
Kupiansk
Kharkiv Oblast
Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian
forward
Volyn Lutsk
Ukrainian Premier League

wikipedia_title:
Kupiansk
Kharkiv Oblast
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Ukrainians
Forward (association football)
FC Volyn Lutsk
Ukrainian Premier League

categories: People from Kupiansk,Ukrainian Premier League players,FC Komunalnyk Luhansk players,FC Shakhtar Sverdlovsk players,Association football defenders,FC Shakhtar-3 Donetsk players,Ukrainian footballers,FC Oleksandriya players,1990 births,FC Poltava players,FC Volyn Lutsk players,FC UkrAhroKom Holovkivka players,Living people

paragraph: Vitaliy Ponomar

paragraph: Vitaliy Ponomar (; born 31 May 1990 in Kupiansk, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian footballer currently playing as a forward for Volyn Lutsk.

paragraph: He is a product of the Kupyansk sports school system, and later played for clubs from East and Central Ukraine.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vitaliy Ponomar at Ukrainian Premier League

description: Ukrainian association football player

wikidata_label: Vitaliy Ponomar

wikipedia_title: Vitaliy Ponomar


text: Pembroke College, Oxford

text: John Roysse

text: Free School

text: Abingdon

text: Abingdon School

text: Doctor of Divinity

text: Colwell Brickenden

text: Matthew Panting

text: William Adams

text: William Sergrove

text: John Smyth

text: George William Hall

text: Coln Rogers

text: canon

text: List of Old Abingdonians

categories: 1700 births,1775 deaths,Masters of Pembroke College, Oxford

paragraph: John Ratcliffe (Master of Pembroke)

paragraph: John Ratcliffe or possibly Radcliffe (1700 – 1775) was Master of Pembroke College, Oxford.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Son of clergyman, Robert Ratcliffe, he was educated at John Roysse's Free School in Abingdon, (now Abingdon School).

paragraph: He earned a B.A (1722) and M.A (1725) at Pembroke. B.D. (1737) and Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) 1739.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: John Ratcliffe became Master of Pembroke on 23 February 1738.

paragraph: The close relationship between Abingdon School and Pembroke College resulted in seven Old Abingdonians being appointed as consecutive masters at Pembroke between 1710 and 1843. They were Colwell Brickenden 1709-1714; Matthew Panting, 1714-1738; Ratcliffe, 1738-1775; William Adams, 1775-1789; William Sergrove 1789-1796; John Smyth, 1796-1809 and George William Hall, 1809-1843.

paragraph: He was rector of Coln Rogers (1739-1775) and canon of Gloucester (1739-1775).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Old Abingdonians

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Pembroke College, Oxford, people

wikidata_label: John Ratcliffe

wikipedia_title: John Ratcliffe (Master of Pembroke)


text:
Lil Pump
Lil Tracy
Lil Peep
"XXL"
Lancaster, California
Arkansas
Meek Mill
Drake
"Billboard" Hot 100
Gucci Gang
Pump's self-titled album
Ronny J
Blink-182

wikipedia_title:
Lil Pump
Lil Tracy
Lil Peep
XXL (magazine)
Lancaster, California
Arkansas
Meek Mill
Drake (musician)
Billboard Hot 100
Gucci Gang
Lil Pump (album)
Ronny J
Blink-182

categories: People from Lancaster, California,American hip hop record producers,Record producers from California,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Bighead (producer)

paragraph: Brendan Murray, known professionally as Bighead or Bighead on the Beat, is an American music producer and DJ best known for his work in the SoundCloud hip hop genre. He has produced music for, and performed with, artists such as Lil Pump, Lil Tracy and Lil Peep. He was named in "XXL"'s list of the 30 best hip hop producers of 2017, adding "You can't listen to this year's rising rap stars without hearing music from Bighead".

paragraph: Born in Lancaster, California, he became a full-time producer at the age of 18 after his father moved to Arkansas. He initially made beats in the style of Meek Mill and Drake before in 2017 beginning to compose in his own way, "probably 'cause I was high". He first made the top 10 of the "Billboard" Hot 100 with Lil Pump's "Gucci Gang" that year. He produced four tracks on Pump's self-titled album that year. One of those songs, "Molly", was co-produced with Ronny J.

paragraph: Bighead has spoken of his inspiration from Blink-182, whom he considers made the "Billboard" chart with simple compositions: "if a three-year-old or a four-year-old can sing it, that's what I aim for. Like "Gucci Gang"".

alias:
Brendan Murray
Bighead on the Beat

description: American music producer

wikidata_label: Bighead

wikipedia_title: Bighead (producer)


text: Oriel College, Oxford

text: John Roysse

text: Free School

text: Abingdon

text: Abingdon School

text: Doctor of Divinity

text: Wrotham

text: Prebendary

text: List of Old Abingdonians

text: List of Oriel College, Oxford people

categories: 1781 deaths,People educated at Abingdon School

paragraph: John Clarke (Oriel)

paragraph: John Clarke (died 1781) was the Provost of Oriel College, Oxford and a Clergyman.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: He was educated at John Roysse's Free School in Abingdon, (now Abingdon School).

paragraph: He was a B.D and Doctor of Divinity 19 May 1768.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: John Clarke was Provost of Oriel from 12 February 1768 until his death on 21 November 1781.

paragraph: He was rector of Kingsdown near Wrotham from 1776-1781 and a Prebendary of Rochester.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Old Abingdonians

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Oriel College, Oxford people

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Provosts of Oriel College, Oxford

wikidata_label: John Clarke

wikipedia_title: John Clarke (Oriel)


text:
Lebanese
French language
Lebanon
Lebanese civil war
L'Orient-Le Jour
Paris

categories: Living people,21st-century Lebanese women writers,Lebanese journalists,21st-century Lebanese writers,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Georgia Makhlouf

paragraph: Georgia Makhlouf () is a Lebanese writer in the French language, an editor and literary critic. She is a winner of the Prix Léopold Sedar Senghor and the Prix Ulysse.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Georgia Makhlouf was born in Lebanon. At the age of 20, during the Lebanese civil war, she left for Paris. At university, she worked on a thesis focussing on ideology in modern Lebanese children's literature.

paragraph: Makhlouf is an editor of "L'Orient littéraire" as well as a contributor to the literary supplement of the Lebanese daily "L'Orient-Le Jour". She also writes interviews and articles for Huffington Post.

paragraph: In 2014, Makhlouf published her first novel, "Les absents". This was awarded the ninth Léopold Sedar Senghor prize for debut novel. It also won the Prix Ulysse of the Arte Mare festival.

paragraph: Makhlouf founded "Kitabat", an association to promote writing workshops in Lebanon. She lives in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (France-Liban prize)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Phénix prize)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Léopold Sedar Senghor prize)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

description: Lebanese writer and literary critic

wikidata_label: Georgia Makhlouf

wikipedia_title: Georgia Makhlouf