text: American

text: studio potter

text: The Blind Man

text: Marcel Duchamp

text: Henri-Pierre Roché

text: James Cameron

text: Titanic

text: Ojai, California

text: San Francisco, California

text: San Francisco earthquake of 1906

text: French

text: Paris

text: Comédie-Française

text: Académie Julian

text: World War I

text: New York City

text: Marcel Duchamp

text: Henri-Pierre Roché

text: Edgard Varèse

text: The Blind Man

text: Dada

text: Society of Independent Artists

text: Jules et Jim

text: Franz Hessel

text: Walter and Louise Arensberg

text: Edgard Varese

text: Charles Sheeler

text: Joseph Stella

text: Man Ray

text: Francis Picabia

text: Marcel Duchamp

text: Santa Barbara Museum of Art

text: Santa Barbara, California

text: J. Krishnamurti

text: baroque

text: luster glaze

text: Hollywood High School

text: Gertrude

text: Otto Natzler

text: Ojai, California

text: J. Krishnamurti

text: Theosophical Society – Adyar

text: Happy Valley School

text: Besant Hill School

text: Anais Nin

text: Smithsonian Institution

text: Los Angeles

text: California

text: James Cameron

text: Titanic

text: Bill Paxton

text: Laskas, Jeanne Marie

text: Beatrice Wood Center for the Arts

text: Archives at New Mexico Museum of Art

text: Biography

text: Beatrice Wood Obit

text: National Public Radio

text: American Museum of Ceramic Art

categories: Dada,Mystics,1998 deaths,American women painters,20th-century American painters,American potters,20th-century ceramists,People from Ojai, California,Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area,American centenarians,American women ceramists,20th-century American women artists,Women potters,American ceramists,1893 births,Alumni of the Académie Julian

paragraph: Beatrice Wood

paragraph: Beatrice Wood (March 3, 1893 – March 12, 1998) was an American artist and studio potter involved in the Avant Garde movement in the United States; she founded and edited "The Blind Man" magazine in New York City with French artist Marcel Duchamp and writer Henri-Pierre Roché in 1917. She had earlier studied art and theater in Paris, and was working in New York as an actress. She later worked at sculpture and pottery. Wood was characterized as the "Mama of Dada."

paragraph: She partially inspired the character of Rose DeWitt Bukater in James Cameron's 1997 film, "Titanic" after the director read Wood's autobiography while developing the film. Beatrice Wood died nine days after her 105th birthday in Ojai, California.

paragraph: Section::::Childhood.

paragraph: Beatrice Wood was born in San Francisco, California, the daughter of wealthy socialites. After the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, the family moved to New York. Despite her parents' strong opposition, Wood insisted on pursuing a career in the arts. Eventually her parents agreed to let her study painting. Because she was fluent in French, they sent her to Paris, where she studied acting at the Comédie-Française and art at the prestigious Académie Julian.

paragraph: The onset of World War I forced Wood to return to the United States. She continued acting with a French Repertory Company in New York City, performing over sixty roles in two years. She worked for several years performing on the stage.

paragraph: Section::::Dada and the Avant-garde.

paragraph: Wood's involvement in the Avant Garde began with her introduction to Marcel Duchamp. He and his friend Henri-Pierre Roché, a man fourteen years her senior, met her in New York in 1916 while she was visiting the composer Edgard Varèse, who was hospitalized with a broken leg. The three worked together to create "The Blind Man," a magazine that was one of the earliest manifestations of the Dada art movement in the United States. The publication was intended to defend the submission of a urinal by Duchamp who had submitted it under the name R. Mutt to the First Exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists in April 1917. Wood wrote the oft-quoted statement that appeared in the publication as an unsigned editorial: "As for plumbing, that is absurd. The only works of art America has given are her plumbing and her bridges." Wood also submitted to the exhibition and her piece "'Un peu d'eau dans du savon"', which she had made alongside Duchamp in his studio, was accepted and was displayed. The work was the image of a nude female figure rising from her bath, but because Wood attached an actual piece of soap to what she called the "tactical position," the work drew a great deal of attention and critical reaction.

paragraph: Section::::Dada and the Avant-garde.:Roché, Duchamp, and "Jules et Jim".

paragraph: Though she was most involved with Roché, the two often spent time with Duchamp, creating a kind of love triangle. Since the late 20th century, biographies of Wood have associated Roché's 1956 novel "Jules et Jim" (and the 1962 film adaptation), with the relationship among Duchamp, Wood, and Roché. Other sources link their triangle to Roché's unfinished novel, "Victor."

paragraph: Beatrice Wood commented on this topic in her 1985 autobiography, "I Shock Myself":

paragraph: Roché lived in Paris with his wife Denise, and had by now written "Jules et Jim" ... Because the story concerns two young men who are close friends and a woman who loves them both, people have wondered how much was based on Roché, Marcel, and me. I cannot say what memories or episodes inspired Roché, but the characters bear only passing resemblance to those of us in real life!

paragraph: "Jules et Jim" is properly associated with the triangle among Roché, German writer Franz Hessel, and Helen Grund, who married Hessel.

paragraph: Section::::Dada and the Avant-garde.:Arensbergs and their circle.

paragraph: Wood met the art patrons Walter and Louise Arensberg, who became her lifelong friends. From 1915 through 1920, they held regular gatherings at their apartment at 33 West 67th Street in Manhattan in which artists, writers, and poets were invited to gather, where they were given drinks, hors d'oeuvres, and engaged in intellectual discussions. Besides Duchamp, Roché, and her, the group included many other artists of the avant-garde: Edgard Varese, Charles Sheeler, Joseph Stella, Man Ray and Francis Picabia. Wood's relationship with these artists and others associated with the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century, earned her the designation as "Mama of Dada."

paragraph: Section::::Drawings.

paragraph: Marcel Duchamp encouraged her to draw, inviting her to use his studio as a place in which to work. She later illustrated her autobiography, "I Shock Myself". She signed her early drawings "Bea," her name in French, but after taking up pottery, she signed most of her work as "Beato," her nickname. In 2014, a series of her drawings were exhibited as part of the permanent collection of the Santa Barbara Museum of Art in Santa Barbara, California

paragraph: Section::::Sculpture.

paragraph: Figures were an important part of the artist's work during the 1930s and 40s. She explored both vessel forms and sculpture throughout her career. As her skills increased, Wood consciously retained a naive, illustrative style to communicate her commentaries on life and love. She called these works her "sophisticated primitives." This approach makes clear her love of all types of non-Western folk and primitive art.

paragraph: Section::::Ceramics career.

paragraph: While on a trip to hear J. Krishnamurti speak in the Netherlands, Wood bought a pair of baroque plates with a luster glaze. She wanted to find a matching teapot to go along with it, but was unsuccessful. Deciding to make the teapot herself, she enrolled in a ceramic class at Hollywood High School. Throughout her long career in ceramics, she never did make the matching teapot. This hobby turned into a passion that lasted over the next sixty years, and she studied with a number of leading ceramists including Gertrude and Otto Natzler. Ultimately, Wood developed a signature style of glazing, an all-over, in-glaze luster that draws the metallic salts to the surface of the glaze by starving the kiln of oxygen.

paragraph: Section::::Ojai and longevity.

paragraph: In 1947, Beatrice Wood felt that her career was established enough for her to build a home. She settled in Ojai, California in 1948 to be near the Indian philosopher J. Krishnamurti. She became a lifelong member of the Theosophical Society – Adyar. These associations greatly influenced her artistic philosophies. She also taught and lived on the same land as the Happy Valley School, now known as Besant Hill School.

paragraph: At the age of 90, Wood became a writer, having been encouraged to write by her friend Anais Nin, a French writer. Her best-known book is her autobiography, "I Shock Myself" (1985). When asked the secret to her longevity, she responded, "I owe it all to chocolate and young men."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1994, the Smithsonian Institution named Wood an "Esteemed American Artist".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wood left her home and studio to the Happy Valley Foundation. In 2005 it was adapted and opened as The Beatrice Wood Center for the Arts.

paragraph: Section::::Films inspired by Wood.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "": This documentary was released as a 16 mm film in Los Angeles, California on March 3, 1993, to coincide with Wood's 100th birthday.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wood partially inspired the 101-year-old character of "Rose" in James Cameron's epic 1997 film, "Titanic". according to Cameron, Bill Paxton's wife had loaned him a copy of "I Shock Myself". As he started reading it, he realized that

paragraph: the first chapter describes almost literally the character I was already writing for 'Old Rose'...When I met her [Beatrice Wood] she was charming, creative and devastatingly funny...Of course, the film's Rose is only a refraction of Beatrice, combined with many fictional elements.

paragraph: Section::::Diaries.

paragraph: Beatrice Wood kept daily journals for 85 years. In 2011, Francis M. Naumann and his wife, Marie T. Keller, edited a selection of her journals involving her life in the world of art.

paragraph: Section::::Other.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cameron, James. "Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay." New York, Harper: 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laskas, Jeanne Marie. "Beatrice Wood: Breaking the Mold," In "We Remember: Women Born at the Turn of the Century Tell the Stories of Their Lives in Words and Pictures." New York: William Morrow and Co., 1999.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice Wood papers, 1894-1998, bulk 1930-1990. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice Wood Center for the Arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archives at New Mexico Museum of Art

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oral history interview with Beatrice Wood, 1976 Aug. 26, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography, Philadelphia Museum of Art]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beatrice Wood Obit, National Public Radio

paragraph: BULLET::::- American Museum of Ceramic Art, Beatrice Wood ceramics, Permanent Collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacNeill, Bonnie. "Mama of Dada Beatrice Wood dies at 105," "The Ojai Valley News." (Issue 44, Friday, March 13, 1998, p. A-1).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward Weston, R. M. Schindler, Anna Zacsek, Lloyd Wright, Lawrence Tibbett, Reginald Pole, Beatrice Wood and Their Dramatic Circles for much on Wood's early relationships with Walter and Louise Arensberg, Reginald Pole, and Lloyd Wright and their dramatic circles.

alias:
Lola, Countess Screwvinsky
Beatrice Beato Wood

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Beatrice Wood

wikipedia_title: Beatrice Wood


text: La Mama

text: Cannes Film Festival

text: Articulating Space

text: Melbourne International Biennale of Exploratory Music

text: Pateras/Baxter/Brown

text: Markus Stenz

text: Los Angeles Philharmonic

text: Brett Dean

text: John Zorn

text: Vanessa Tomlinson

text: Gaudeamus Muziekweek

text: Curse Ov Dialect

text: Editions Mego

text: Paul Lovens

text: PIVIXKI

text: Australian Chamber Orchestra

text: Satu Vänskä

text: dutch drummer Han Bennink

text: Melbourne Jazz Festival

text: eRikm

text: Stephen O'Malley

text: Faith No More

text: Mike Patton

text: Will Guthrie

text: Ingmar Bergman

text: Chamber Made

text: Semiotext(e)

text: Sylvere Lotringer

text: Antonin Artaud

text: Anthology Film Archives

text: Slave Pianos

text: National Gallery of Art

text: BBC Symphony Orchestra

text: Thomas Gould

text: North of North

text: ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe

text: tetema

text: MONA FOMA

text: Immediata

text: Sunn O)))

text: "Life Metal"

text: Southern Lord

text: Oren Ambarchi

text: In The Pendulum's Embrace

text: Akademie Schloss Solitude

text: acousmonium

text: Errors of the Human Body

categories: Male pianists,Australian male composers,Tzadik Records artists,21st-century classical pianists,Australian composers,1979 births,Australian classical pianists,Living people

paragraph: Anthony Pateras

paragraph: Anthony Pateras (born 1979) is a composer, pianist and electronic musician.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Pateras was raised and educated in Melbourne, Australia. From 1997 until 1999 he attended the LaTrobe Music Department where he studied composition, electronic music and performance with Graeme Leak, Neil Kelly, John McCaughey and Andrew Byrne. He completed his Masters and PhD at Monash University with Thomas Reiner between 2002 and 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Pateras' work traverses composition, improvisation, electro-acoustic music and audio-visual collaboration.

paragraph: As an undergraduate he scored numerous theatrical productions at La Mama, The Carlton Courthouse and LaTrobe Student Theatre. From 2001 till 2006 he scored numerous short films, notably two films which were accepted in the Cinéfondation section at the Cannes Film Festival.

paragraph: Pateras curated the Articulating Space concert series from 2001, which later transformed into the Melbourne International Biennale of Exploratory Music in 2008.

paragraph: In 2002 he formed the trio Pateras/Baxter/Brown with Sean Baxter and David Brown, performing throughout Australia and Europe until 2011. After a 6 year hiatus they began playing again in December 2017, performing their first European concert in 11 years at .

paragraph: In 2003 he was accepted into the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra's inaugural Cybec Composers Program, writing an amplified string octet titled "Chromatophore" which was premiered by Markus Stenz. The piece was later performed in 2006 by the Los Angeles Philharmonic under Brett Dean.

paragraph: In 2004 John Zorn's Tzadik released his first internationally-available album "Mutant Theatre", which was named after the trilogy of pieces he wrote for percussionist Vanessa Tomlinson. In the same year he received an honourable mention for conducting Twitch at the Gaudeamus Muziekweek in Amsterdam.

paragraph: In 2005 he recorded and produced "I'm OK You're OK" with the avant-garde hip hop group Beta Erko, featuring MC Volk Makedonski from Curse Ov Dialect.

paragraph: In 2006 the "Flux Compendium" album with Robin Fox was the first release on Editions Mego (formerly Mego).

paragraph: In 2007 Pateras was featured at Musique Action in Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy in France alongside fellow Australian musicians Natasha Anderson, Sean Baxter, David Brown and Robin Fox, on invitation from Dominique Répécaud. Afterwards he performed in duo at the Musica Genera Festival with drummer Paul Lovens.

paragraph: In 2009 he formed the grindcore piano-drums duo PIVIXKI with Max Kohane, which went on hiatus in 2012 after three international tours.

paragraph: From 2009 - 2013 he composed for and directed the electro-acoustic quintet Thymolphthalein with Natasha Anderson, Will Guthrie, Jérôme Noetinger and Clayton Thomas. The group was formed on an invitation from Reinhard Kager for the in Baden-Baden.

paragraph: From 2007-2012 he wrote 3 pieces for the Australian Chamber Orchestra's artistic director Richard Tognetti: "Autophagy" for string quintet & prepared piano, "Immediata" for electric violin and orchestra and "An Island Off An Island Off An Island" for two violins, performed with Satu Vänskä.

paragraph: In 2010 he was composer in residence at the Australian National Academy of Music, and performed duo with dutch drummer Han Bennink at the Melbourne Jazz Festival.

paragraph: In 2011 he performed an extensive solo tour across Europe, initiating lasting collaborations with Valerio Tricoli, eRikm and Stephen O'Malley.

paragraph: He moved to Brussels in 2012, where he wrote the hour long percussion sextet "Beauty Will Be Amnesiac Or Will Not Be At All" for Synergy Percussion's 40th Anniversary.

paragraph: In 2013 he moved to Berlin, working with Kitchen Orchestra in Norway and in France.

paragraph: From 2012-2014, he wrote, recorded and produced the instrumental parts for Geocidal, an album with Faith No More vocalist Mike Patton featuring Australian drummer Will Guthrie.

paragraph: From 2014-2016 he collaborated with Natasha Anderson, Sabina Maselli and Erkki Veltheim on "Another Other", a re-imagining of Ingmar Bergman's Persona for Chamber Made.

paragraph: In 2015 he provided music to the film "The Man Who Disappeared", directed by Semiotext(e) founder Sylvere Lotringer, on the subject of Antonin Artaud's stay in Ireland. The film was premiered at Anthology Film Archives in New York. He also co-created the show "Charms Of Entropy" with Slave Pianos on commission from the National Gallery of Art in Lithuania.

paragraph: In 2016 the BBC Symphony Orchestra performed "Immediata" under Brett Dean with Thomas Gould as soloist. The North of North trio performed an extensive tour across Europe, performing a hybrid of carnatic music, stochastic music and free improvisation.

paragraph: In 2017 he was awarded a Giga-Hertz Produktionspreis from ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe with Valerio Tricoli, and his tetema project headlined the MONA FOMA festival.

paragraph: From 2015 till 2019 he edited the Immediata label, a music and text project which attempted to create discourse around experimental music-making in the early 21st century. The project included contributions from Thymolphthalein, Erkki Veltheim, Robin Fox, Erik Griswold, Valerio Tricoli, North of North, Anthony Burr, Jérôme Noetinger, Chris Abrahams, Rohan Drape, Stephen O'Malley and Pateras/Baxter/Brown.

paragraph: In 2018 he performed and recorded a pipe organ arrangement for the Sunn O))) track "Troubled Air", released on their album "Life Metal". It's his first contribution to Southern Lord since appearing on Oren Ambarchi's In The Pendulum's Embrace in 2007.

paragraph: After finishing a fellowship at Akademie Schloss Solitude, he moved back to Australia to write "Pseudacusis" for the Musica Sanae Festival in Naples, Sokolowsko and Berlin. At the same time he was commissioned by the GRM to write "Interlinear" for Hammond B3 and acousmonium.

paragraph: Section::::Compositions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - "Interlinear", for Hammond B3 & Acousmonium

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - "Pseudacusis", for electro-acoustic sextet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - "Ersatz", for celeste & viola (with Erkki Veltheim)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Distance Bestows Then Takes Right Back", (with Rohan Drape) for piano, pipe organ & computer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Forward, Still",(with Anthony Burr & Rohan Drape) for 4-hands pipe organ & multiple clarinets

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "A Sunset For Walter", (with Jérôme Noetinger) for piano & 4 Revox B77s

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Down To Dust", for cello & electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "A Happy Sacrifice", for double bass & electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Burning Is The Thing", for piccolo & electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "The Similarity of Difference", (with Valerio Tricoli) electro-acoustic studio work

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "The Difference Of Similarity", (with Valerio Tricoli) electro-acoustic studio work

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Thinning", for clarinet & electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Nyctalope", (with eRikm) electro-acoustic studio work

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Orbitale", (with eRikm) electro-acoustic studio work

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Through The Milk Glass Panes Of Our Eyes We See", (with Anthony Burr & Rohan Drape) for bass clarinet, miilogue & electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "This Ain't My First Rodeo", for Doepfer, Korg Minilogue & tape

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "Sphinx's Riddle (for MKH)", for piano and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "the traces of a mistake, the most simple one possible the reactions of even younger children" (with Rohan Drape), for two organs, piano, violin, percussion, revox

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "Infinite Variations On Collapsed Time", for prepared piano, 12 string guitar and vibraphone

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "The Hills Are Alive...With The Sound of Subsidy", for 9 musicians and Revox B77

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "Charms Of Entropy", for 9 musicians, analogue synth and narrator

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "A Billion Aphorisms and Still No Better", for 30 pianos

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "The Sound Sings The Speed", for 8 channel electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "Artefacts Of Translation", for 27 musicians

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "Rules Of Extraction", for violin and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Three Mirrors", for saxophone trio and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "A Reality In Which Everything Is Substitution", for solo amplified flutes and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Prayer For Nil", for solo soprano voice and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Blood Stretched Out", for solo piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 - "As Long As Breath Or Bow", for Ensemble Hiatus

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 - "Mirrorworld", for Kitchen Orchestra Stavanger

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 - "Beauty Will Be Amnesiac Or Will Not Be At All", (electronics with Jérôme Noetinger) for percussion sextet and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 - "You Cannot Escape the 20th Century", for Thymolphthalein

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 - "Mad Among The Mad", for Thymolphthalein

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "All of Your Nightmares at Once", for vibraphone trio and crotales

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "An Island off an Island off an Island", for violin duo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "Nekkersdal Eden", for piano,cello & electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "Masters of the Punyverse", for Thymolphthalein

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - "Architexture", for pipe organ and 4-channel diffusion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - "Sllubharpo", for 4-channel electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - "Lost Compass", for bass flute and percussion quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - "Flesh and Ghost", for 12 percussionists

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Immediata", double concerto for 6-string violin, Revox B77, quadraphonic electronics and spatialized orchestra

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Fragile Absolute", for winds, percussion, celeste and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Crystalline", for string quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Ontetradecagon", for 14 musicians & electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Broken Then Fixed Then Broken", for cello, bass clarinet and prepared piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Lines", for mixed amplified sextet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Thirst", for oboe, cor anglais and bassoon

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Rough Assembly", for Doepfer A-100

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "Refractions", for percussion sextet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "Mutant Theatre Act 3", for solo percussion

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "76755", for percussion quartet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Autophagy", for amplified string quintet and live electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Chasms", for amplified prepared piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "QQ", for large ensemble, prepared piano and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Morphous/Amorphous", for enclosed percussion sextet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Incisions", for Twitch

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "When Objects Dream", for contrabass recorder, prepared piano and viola

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Hypnogogics", for microsounds, crotales and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Fragments, Splinters and Shards", for Twitch

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - "Automatons", for voices, violas and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "Twitch", for Twitch

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "Meshanitsa", for prepared piano, voice and electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "Chromatophore", for 8 amplified strings

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - "Transmutations", for percussion sextet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - "Mutant Theatre Act 2", for percussion solo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Mutant Theatre", for percussion solo, radios, toys and cheap electronics

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 - "Malfunction Studies", for 9 percussionists

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 - "Systems Collapse", for mixed amplified octet

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Santa's Bells", for Slave Piano and amplified violin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Trance Emission", for Slave Piano and amplified violin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "One Hundred Cycles", (with Neil Kelly) for string quartet

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - "The Similarity of Difference", Astral Colonels (Second Sleep)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - "Albédo", eRikm / Anthony Pateras (CCAM Editions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - "Collected Works Vol. II (2005-2018)", Anthony Pateras (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - "Bern · Melbourne · Milan", Pateras/Baxter/Brown (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Rêve Noir", Stephen O'Malley / Anthony Pateras (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 - "Ellesmere", Rohan Drape / Anthony Pateras, (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "Music in Eight Octaves", 176 (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "The Slow Creep Of Convenience", Anthony Pateras / Erkki Veltheim (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "Beauty Will Be Amnesiac Or Will Not Be At All", Jérôme Noetinger / Anthony Pateras / Synergy Percussion (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - "Blood Stretched Out", Anthony Pateras (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "The Long Exhale", Anthony Burr / Anthony Pateras (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "The Moment In And Of Itself", North of North (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "Good Times In The End Times", Astral Colonels (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "Switch On A Dime", Extended Pianos (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "Entertainment = Control", Anthony Pateras / Erkki Veltheim (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "Mad Among The Mad", Thymolphthalein (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 - "Geocidal", tētēma (Ipecac)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "Collected Works 2002-2012", Anthony Pateras (Immediata)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "Errors of the Human Body", Anthony Pateras (Editions Mego)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 - "Gravissima", PIVIXKI (Lexicon Devil)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Ni Maître, Ni Marteau", Thymolphthalein, (Editions Mego)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "S/T", PIVIXKI (Sabbatical)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "End of Daze", Anthony Pateras / Robin Fox (Editions Mego)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 -"Chromatophore", Anthony Pateras, (Tzadik)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "Live at L'Usine", Pateras/Baxter/Brown (Cave 12)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "Interference", Pateras/Baxter/Brown, (emd.pl)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 - "Chasms", Anthony Pateras (Sirr)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Gauticle", Pateras/Baxter/Brown (Synaesthesia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "Flux Compendium", Anthony Pateras / Robin Fox, Editions Mego

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "I’m OK You’re OK", Beta Erko (Quecksilber)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - "Ataxia", Pateras/Baxter/Brown (Synaesthesia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - "Mutant Theatre", Anthony Pateras (Tzadik)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "Coagulate", Anthony Pateras / Robin Fox (Synaesthesia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - "Malfunction Studies", Anthony Pateras (self-release)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Asbestos Milkshake 3"", Anthony Pateras / Robin Fox (self-release)

paragraph: Section::::Bands/Projects.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2018-) trio with Anthony Burr & Rohan Drape

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2017-) Jérôme Noetinger / Anthony Pateras duo

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2011,2017-) eRikm / Anthony Pateras duo

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2015-) North Of North (with Scott Tinkler & Erkki Veltheim)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2013-) Anthony Pateras / Erkki Veltheim duo

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2012-) Tetema (with Mike Patton)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2011-2013) Kayfabe (with Natasha Anderson)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2009-2013) Thymolphthalein (with Natasha Anderson, Will Guthrie, Jérôme Noetinger & Clayton Thomas)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2008-2012) PIVIXKI (with Max Kohane)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2008-) Astral Colonels (with Valerio Tricoli)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2001-2011,2017-) Pateras/Baxter/Brown (with Sean Baxter & David Brown)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004-) Chris Abrahams / Anthony Pateras duo

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2003-2006) Twitch (with Natasha Anderson, Robin Fox, Vanessa Tomlinson, Erkki Veltheim, James Wilkinson)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (2004-2006) Beta Erko (with Robin Fox, Martin Ng, Mc Volk Makedonski)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1999-2009) Anthony Pateras / Robin Fox duo

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - "The Man Who Disappeared", directed by Sylvère Lotringer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 - "Errors of the Human Body", directed by Eron Sheean

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 - "Nerve Ending" (short), directed by Peter Humble

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "When Objects Dream" (short), directed by Pia Borg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 - "William" (short), directed by Eron Sheean

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Fish" (short), directed by Eron Sheean

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "Violet Lives Upstairs" (short), directed by Ben Hackworth

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "Footnote" (short), directed by Pia Borg

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002 - "Half Sister" (short), directed by Ben Hackworth

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Bing" (short), directed by Eron Sheean

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 - "Martin Four" (short), directed by Ben Hackworth

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 - "Imperfect Cadence" (short), directed by Amanda Kerley

description: Australian musician, composer

wikidata_label: Anthony Pateras

wikipedia_title: Anthony Pateras


text:
Blessed
O.F.M.
Italian
Franciscan
friar
Ministers General
Order of Friars Minor
theologian
medieval commune
Parma
Emilia-Romagna
chaplain
Order of Friars Minor
Affò
Ordained
priest
theology
University of Bologna
University of Naples
Sentences
Peter Lombard
University of Paris
First Council of Lyons
Crescentius of Jesi
General Chapter
Pope Innocent IV
Fraticelli
Rule
Angelus Clarenus
Giles of Assisi
Henry III of England
Sens
King Louis IX
Third Order of St. Francis
Provinces
Burgundy
Provence
Orthodox Church
Nice
Council of Lyons
mendicants
Sorbonne University of Paris
Dominicans
Humbert of Romans
Master General of the Dominicans
Gerard of S. Donnino
Pope Alexander IV
St. Bonaventure
hermitage
Greccio
Rieti
Nativity scene
Francis of Assisi
Joachimism
Cittá della Pieve
Bonaventure
Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini
Cardinal protector
Angelus Clarenus
Joachimism
Ottoboni Fioschi
dogma
apocalyptic
Ubertin of Casale
Pope Nicolas IV
Camerino
March of Ancona
beatified
Pope Pius VI
feast day
Sbaralea
Salimbene
Angelus Clarenus
Ignaz von Döllinger
Flaminius Annibali de Latera
Konrad Eubel
Golubovich
Luke Wadding
Anne Macdonell
Ludovico Jacobilli
Histoire littéraire de la France

categories: 13th-century Roman Catholic priests,Franciscan theologians,1289 deaths,Franciscan beatified people,1200s births,People from Parma,13th-century venerated Christians,Italian Roman Catholic priests

paragraph: John of Parma

paragraph: The Blessed John of Parma, O.F.M. (c. 1209 – 19 March 1289) was an Italian Franciscan friar, who served as one of the first Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor (1247–1257). He was also a noted theologian of the period.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: John was born about 1209 in the medieval commune of Parma in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna; his family name was probably Buralli. Educated by an uncle, chaplain of the Church of St. Lazarus at Parma, his progress in learning was such that he quickly became a teacher of philosophy ("magister logicæ"). When and where he entered the Order of Friars Minor (commonly called the "Franciscans"), the old sources do not say. Affò assigns 1233 as the year, and Parma as the probable place. Ordained a priest, he taught theology at the University of Bologna and the University of Naples, and finally taught the "Sentences" of Peter Lombard at the University of Paris. He assisted at the First Council of Lyons in 1245, representing the current Minister General, Crescentius of Jesi, who was too ill to attend.

paragraph: At the General Chapter of the Order held at Lyons in July 1247, John was elected Minister General, at the suggestion of Pope Innocent IV, who had been impressed by him during his service at the Council of Lyons two years earlier. He was elected with the support of the rigorist branch of the Order (known as the Fraticelli), which office he held till 2 February 1257. The desire for the original fervor of the Order animated the new Minister General and of his purposes for the full observance of the Rule of St. Francis, reflects from the joy recorded by Angelus Clarenus among the survivors of St. Francis's first companions at his election—though Brother Giles of Assisi's words sound somewhat pessimistic: "Welcome, Father, but you come late".

paragraph: John set to work immediately. Wishing to know personally the state of the Order, he began visiting every community of friars. His first visit was to England, where he was extremely satisfied, and where he was received by King Henry III of England. At Sens in France, King Louis IX (later a member of the Third Order of St. Francis) honored with his presence the Provincial Chapter held by John.

paragraph: Having visited the Provinces of Burgundy and of Provence, he set out in September 1248, for Spain, whence Pope Innocent recalled him to entrust him with an embassy to the East. Before departing, John appears to have held the General Chapter of Metz in 1249 (others put it after the embassy, 1251). It was at this Chapter that John refused to draw up new statutes to avoid overburdening the friars. Only some new rubrics were promulgated, which in a later chapter in Genoa (1254) were included in the official ceremonial of the Order. The object of John's embassy to the East was reunion with the Orthodox Church, whose representatives he met at Nice, and who saluted him as an "angel of peace". John's mission bore no immediate fruit, though it may have prepared the way for the union decreed at the Council of Lyons in 1274.

paragraph: In his generalate occurred also the famous dispute between the mendicants and the Sorbonne University of Paris. According to Salimbene, John went to Paris (probably in 1253), and, by his mild yet strenuous arguments, strove to secure peace. It was in connection with this attack on the Dominicans and the Franciscans that John of Parma and Humbert of Romans, Master General of the Dominicans, published at Milan in 1255 a letter recommending peace and harmony between the two Orders (text in Wadding, 111, 380). In the "Introductorius in Evangelium Æternum" of Gerard of S. Donnino (1254), John's friend, Humbert, was denounced by the professors of Paris and condemned by a commission at Anagni in 1256; John himself was in some way compromised—a circumstance which, combined with others, finally brought about the end of his generalate. He convened a General chapter at Rome on 2 February 1257. If Peregrinus of Bologna is correct, Pope Alexander IV secretly intimated to John that he should resign, and decline reelection should it be offered him, while Salimbene insists that John resigned of his own free will. The Pope may have exerted some pressure on John, who was only too glad to resign, seeing himself unable to promote henceforth the good of the Order. Questioned as to the choice of a successor, he proposed St. Bonaventure, who had succeeded him as professor at Paris.

paragraph: John retired to the hermitage at the famed village of Greccio, near Rieti, memorable for the Nativity scene first introduced there by St. Francis of Assisi. There he lived in voluntary exile and complete solitude; his cell near a rock is still shown. But another trial awaited him. Accused of Joachimism, he was submitted to a canonical process at Cittá della Pieve (in Umbria), reportedly presided over by St. Bonaventure and Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, Cardinal protector of the Order. The mention of this cardinal as protector brings us to a chronological difficulty, overlooked by writers who assign the process against John to 1257; for Alexander IV (1254–61) retained the protectorship and Cardinal Orsini became protector, at the earliest, at the end of 1261.

paragraph: Angelus Clarenus tells us that the concealed motive of this process was John's attachment to the literal observance of the Rule; the accusation of Joachimism, against which he professed his Catholic faith, being only a pretext. Other sources, however, speak of retractation. Clarenus relates that John would have been condemned had it not been for the powerful intervention of Innocent IV's nephew, Cardinal Ottoboni Fioschi, later Pope Hadrian V. John certainly did not profess the dogmatic errors of Joachimism, though he may have held some of its apocalyptic ideas.

paragraph: Upon his acquittal, he returned to Greccio and continued his life of prayer and work. It was there, it is said, that an angel once served his Mass, and that in 1285 he received the visit of Ubertin of Casale, who has left an account of this meeting. Hearing that the Orthodox were abandoning the union agreed upon in 1274, John, now 80 years old, desired to use his last energies in the cause of Christian unity. He obtained the permission of Pope Nicolas IV to go to Greece, but reached only as far as Camerino, in the March of Ancona, where he died in the local friary on 19 March 1289.

paragraph: He was beatified by Pope Pius VI in 1777; his feast day is celebrated by the Friars Minor on 20 March.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: With the exception of his letters, scarcely any literary work can, with surety, be attributed to John.

paragraph: He is certainly not the author of the "Introductorius in Evangel. Æternum", nor of the "Visio Fratris Johannis de Parma".

paragraph: With more probability we can attribute to John the "Dialogus de vitia SS. Fratrum Minorum", partly edited by L. Lemmens, O.F.M. (Rome, 1902). The "Chronicle of the XXIV Generals" ascribes to John the allegoric treatise on poverty: "Sacrum Commercium B. Francisci cum Domina Paupertate" (ed. Milan, 1539), edited by Ed. d'Alençon (Paris and Rome, 1900), who ascribes it (without sufficient reason) to John Parent. Carmichael has translated this edition: "The Lady Poverty, a thirteenth-century allegory" (London, 1901); another English translation is by Rawnsly (London, 1904); a good introduction and abridged version is given by Macdonell, "Sons of Francis", 189-213.

paragraph: Other works are mentioned by Sbaralea, "Suppl. ad Script." (Rome, 1806), 398.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salimbene, Chronica (Parma, 1857), ed. also by HOLDER-EGGER in Mon. Gern. Hist.: Script., XXXII (Hanover, 1905-8)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Angelus Clarenus, "Chronicon seu Historia septem tribulationum ordinis minorum", partly edited by Ehrle in Arch. Für Litt. u. Kirchengesch., II (Berlin, 1886), 249 sqq., and by Ignaz von Döllinger, Beiträge zur Sektengesch., II (Munich, 1890), 417 sqq

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anal. Francisce., I (Quaracchi, 1885), 217 sqq.; III (Quaracchi, 1897); Archivum Francisanum Historicum, II (Quaracchi, 1909), 433-39; Bull. Franc., I (Rome, 1759); II (Rome, 1761)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Suppl. ad Bull. Franc. of Flaminius Annibali de Latera (Rome, 1780)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Konrad Eubel, editor, "Bullarii Franciscani Epitome sive Summa Bullarum" (Quaracchi, 1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Collection of good texts, especially referring to missions in the East: Golubovich, Biblioteca bio-bibliografica di Terra Santa, I (Quaracchi, 1906), 219-228

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luke Wadding, Annales, III, IV (2nd ed., Rome, 1732).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne Macdonell, Sons of Francis (London, 1902), 214-51

paragraph: BULLET::::- Léon [DE, CLARY], Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the Three Orders of St. Francis, I (Taunton, I885), 493-513.

paragraph: There are three Italian lives with the title Vita del Beato Giovanni da Parma:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Camerino (Ravenna, 1730)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Affò (Parma, 1777)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luigi da Parma, 2nd ed. (Quaracchi, 1900)--1st ed. had appeared in the review Beato Giovanni da Parma, Periodico Bimensile (Parmi, 1888-9

paragraph: Also:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ludovico Jacobilli, "Vite de' Santi e Beati dell' Umbria", I (Foligno, 1647), 329-34

paragraph: BULLET::::- Affò in "Memorie degli Scrittori c Letterati Parmigiani", I (Parma, 1789), 129-45

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daunou in "Histoire littéraire de la France", XX (Paris, 1842), 23-36 (antiquated)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Féret, "La Faculté de Théologie de Paris, Moyen Age," II (Paris, 1895), 94-99

paragraph: BULLET::::- Picconi, "Serie Cronologico-Bioqrafica dei Ministri e Vicari Prov. della Minoritica Provincia di Bologna" (Parma, 1908), 43-44

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heribert Holzapfel, "Manuale Historiæ Ordinis Fratrum Minorum" (Freiburg im Br., 1909), 25-30; German edition (Freiburg im Br., 1909), 28 33

paragraph: BULLET::::- René de Nantes, "Histoire des Spirituels" (Paris, 1909), 145 205.

description: Italian theologian

wikidata_label: John of Parma

wikipedia_title: John of Parma


text:
film scores
Rome
Roberto Rossellini
Monte Carlo
The Children Are Watching Us
Il segno di Venere
operas
Uno sguardo dal ponte
The Ancestor
Under the Southern Cross
Princess Tarakanova
The White Ship
A Pilot Returns
Luisa Sanfelice
Giarabub
Knights of the Desert
The Two Orphans
The Man with a Cross
The Tyrant of Padua
Before Him All Rome Trembled
L'Amore
Love and Blood
Shadows Over Naples
Without a Flag
Messalina
A Woman Has Killed
We're Dancing on the Rainbow
For You I Have Sinned
House of Ricordi
The Lovers of Manon Lescaut
Nastro d'Argento
Best Score
Paisà

categories: 20th-century classical composers,20th-century Italian composers,Musicians from Rome,1908 births,Italian film score composers,1982 deaths,Male film score composers,Italian opera composers,Nastro d'Argento winners,Male opera composers,20th-century male musicians

paragraph: Renzo Rossellini (composer)

paragraph: Renzo Rossellini (2 February 1908 – 13 May 1982) was an Italian composer, best known for his film scores.

paragraph: Born in Rome, he was brother of director Roberto Rossellini and father of producer Franco Rossellini. He died in Monte Carlo.

paragraph: He composed the scores of his brother's films, and others such as "The Children Are Watching Us" and "Il segno di Venere".

paragraph: He also wrote several ballets, oratorios, cantatas, four operas—"La Guerra" (1956), "Il vortice" (1958), "Uno sguardo dal ponte" (1961), "L'Annonce faite à Marie" (1970)—, symphonies, chamber music, and songs.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Ancestor" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Under the Southern Cross" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Princess Tarakanova" (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The White Ship" (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Pilot Returns" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Luisa Sanfelice" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Giarabub" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Knights of the Desert" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Two Orphans" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Man with a Cross" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Tyrant of Padua" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Before Him All Rome Trembled" (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'Amore" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love and Blood" (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shadows Over Naples" (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Without a Flag" (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Messalina" (1951)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Woman Has Killed" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We're Dancing on the Rainbow" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "For You I Have Sinned" (1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Ricordi" (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Lovers of Manon Lescaut" (1954)

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nastro d'Argento: Best Score for "Paisà" (1946) and for "I fratelli Karamazoff" (1947).

description: Italian composer

wikidata_label: Renzo Rossellini

wikipedia_title: Renzo Rossellini (composer)


text:
Sesto Fiorentino
Rome
actor
Lo squadrone bianco
Augusto Genina
Fascist propaganda
Edgar Neville
Goffredo Alessandrini
Noi Vivi
Un colpo di pistola
Renato Castellani
Spain
Edgar Neville
Nada
Dino Risi
Il mattatore
adaptation
A. J. Cronin
The Citadel
Sesto Fiorentino
Venice Film Festival

categories: 1974 deaths,20th-century Italian male actors,1900 births,People from Sesto Fiorentino,Italian male film actors,Italian male stage actors,Volpi Cup winners

paragraph: Fosco Giachetti

paragraph: Fosco Giachetti (28 March 1900, in Sesto Fiorentino – 22 December 1974, in Rome) was an Italian actor.

paragraph: Fosco Giachetti was the protagonist of "Lo squadrone bianco" (1936), directed by Augusto Genina. He became the leading man in Fascist propaganda films such as "Tredici uomini e un cannone" (1936), "Sentinelle di bronzo" (1937), "Scipione l'Africano", Edgar Neville's Italian "Carmen fra i rossi" (1939), "L'assedio dell'Alcazar" (1940) and "Bengasi" (1942). In 1942, he also co-starred in Goffredo Alessandrini's two part "Noi Vivi" and "Addio Kira!".

paragraph: "Un colpo di pistola" (1942) by Renato Castellani and "Fari nella nebbia" (1942) by Gianni Franciolini were not as successful as his earlier films.

paragraph: After the war, he returned to the stage. He worked in Spain with Edgar Neville in "Nada" and in "Carne de horca". He had a supporting role in 1959 Dino Risi's successful comedy "Il mattatore". In 1964, he appeared in an adaptation of A. J. Cronin's novel, "The Citadel".

paragraph: In 2003, the "Galleria Fosco Giachetti" in Sesto Fiorentino was opened in his honor.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Venice Film Festival Best Actor for "Bengasi", 1942

description: Italian actor

wikidata_label: Fosco Giachetti

wikipedia_title: Fosco Giachetti


text: British

text: noble

text: Hopetoun House

text: Edinburgh

text: Eton College

text: Page of Honour

text: Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother

text: the Queen

text: Royal Ascot

text: Hopetoun House

text: The Most Honourable

categories: People educated at Eton College,1946 births,Living people,Hope family

paragraph: Adrian Hope, 4th Marquess of Linlithgow

paragraph: Adrian John Charles Hope, 4th Marquess of Linlithgow (born 1 July 1946), styled Viscount Aithrie until 1952 and Earl of Hopetoun between 1952 and 1987, is a British noble. His family seat is Hopetoun House, near Edinburgh, Scotland. He was educated at Eton College.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Linlithgow is the son of Charles Hope, 3rd Marquess of Linlithgow, and Vivien Kenyon-Slaney (1918–1964).

paragraph: Lord Linlithgow has been married three times. He married, firstly, Anne Pamela Leveson, daughter of Arthur Edmund Leveson and Margaret Ruth Maude, on 9 January 1968. The couple had two children before divorcing in 1978.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrew Victor Arthur Charles Hope, Earl of Hopetoun (b. 22 May 1969); married Skye Laurette Bovill, daughter of Major Bristow Charles Bovill and Kerry Anne Reynolds, on 10 July 1993. The couple have four children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Alexander John Adrian Hope (b. 3 February 1971)

paragraph: He married, secondly, Peta Carol Binding, daughter of Charles Victor Ormond Binding, in 1980. They had two children. He and Peta Carol Binding were divorced in 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Louisa Civienne Hope (b. 16 April 1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Robert Charles Robin Adrian Hope (b. 17 January 1984)

paragraph: He married, thirdly, Auriol Veronica Mackeson-Sandbach, daughter of Captain Graham Lawrie Mackeson-Sandbach and Geraldine Pamela Violet Sandbach, on 1 November 1997. He and Auriol Veronica Mackeson-Sandbach were divorced in 2007.

paragraph: The current Marquess will eventually be succeeded by his eldest son, Andrew, Earl of Hopetoun. Lord Hopetoun is married to Skye Bovill, now Countess of Hopetoun. He is a former Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. Lord and Lady Hopetoun take part in the Queen's carriage procession at Royal Ascot.

paragraph: Lord and Lady Hopetoun live in Hopetoun House and the 4th Marquess lives on the Estate.

paragraph: Section::::Titles and styles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1 July 1946 – 5 January 1952: Viscount Aithrie

paragraph: BULLET::::- 5 January 1952 – 7 April 1987: Earl of Hopetoun

paragraph: BULLET::::- 7 April 1987 — present: The Most Honourable The Marquess of Linlithgow

description: British noble

wikidata_label: Adrian Hope, 4th Marquess of Linlithgow

wikipedia_title: Adrian Hope, 4th Marquess of Linlithgow


text:
American football
defensive end
San Francisco 49ers
2008 NFL Draft
college football
University of North Carolina
Seattle Seahawks
Carolina Panthers
Washington Redskins
Virginia University of Lynchburg
Virginia University of Lynchburg
Bobby Rome II
San Francisco
Kentwan Balmer
2008 NFL Draft
Baraka Atkins
Seattle Seahawks
Carolina Panthers
Washington Redskins
Mike Shanahan
North Carolina Tar Heels bio
2008 NFL Draft Scouting Report

categories: Seattle Seahawks players,San Francisco 49ers players,1986 births,American football defensive ends,American football defensive tackles,North Carolina Tar Heels football players,Carolina Panthers players,Players of American football from North Carolina,People from Ahoskie, North Carolina,Living people

paragraph: Kentwan Balmer

paragraph: Kentwan Balmer (born October 15, 1986) is a former American football defensive end. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the 2008 NFL Draft with the 29th overall pick. He played college football at University of North Carolina.

paragraph: He has also been a member of the Seattle Seahawks, Carolina Panthers, and Washington Redskins.

paragraph: He is currently the Assistant Head Football Coach/Defensive Coordinator at Virginia University of Lynchburg.

paragraph: Section::::Coaching career.

paragraph: Virginia University of Lynchburg Head Coach Bobby Rome II name 1st Round draft Pick to the San Francisco 49ers Kentwan Balmer as his Assistant Head Coach and Defensive Coordinator.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Balmer started all twelve games at right defensive tackle as a senior, ranking second on the team with 59 tackles (33 solos), including 3.5 sacks for minus 26 yards, 9.5 stops for losses of 44 yards and twenty four quarterback pressures. In 2005, he played 11 games with three starts and 17 tackles (5 for a loss) and 1 sack. As a freshman, he played in nine games and made one tackle.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: Balmer was selected in the first round of the 2008 NFL Draft, 29th overall. He was originally drafted as a DT but was moved to DE due to the Niners 3-4 defensive scheme.

paragraph: On December 9, 2009, Balmer was placed on injured reserve with a shoulder injury. The 49ers later signed Baraka Atkins to take over his position.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Balmer was traded to the Seattle Seahawks on August 16, 2010 in exchange for a sixth round pick in a future NFL Draft. He was waived on August 24, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Carolina Panthers.

paragraph: On August 25, Balmer was claimed off waivers by the Carolina Panthers. However, he was waived on September 1.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.

paragraph: Balmer signed with the Washington Redskins on November 8, 2011. On August 2, 2012, it was reported that he did not show up to training camp two days in a row and his agent has not replied to any inquiries as to Balmer's whereabouts. It was assumed that, Balmer left the team after Redskins officials checked his hotel room and saw that all of Balmer's personal effects were gone. Head coach Mike Shanahan announced that the team had finally made contact with Balmer on August 11, but did not explain the reason for his disappearance or his future with the Redskins.

paragraph: Nearly two years after he walked away from the team, the Redskins officially terminated his contract on May 30, 2014.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Balmer went to Weldon High School in Weldon,North Carolina, where he played a variety of sports and which is where he decided to go back to and retired his jersey.

paragraph: Balmer grew up rooting for the 49ers and his father, Charles Balmer, was a 49ers fan.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- North Carolina Tar Heels bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 NFL Draft Scouting Report

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Kentwan Balmer

wikipedia_title: Kentwan Balmer


text: Sigmaringen

text: Prince

text: Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

text: Maximilian I

text: Maria Clara

text: University of Ingolstadt

text: Battle of Vienna

text: Nine Years' War

text: Leopold I

text: House of Hohenzollern

text: Imperial Prince

text: primogeniture

text: blast furnace

text: Sigmaringendorf

text: Johanna Katharina von Montfort

text: Montfort-Tettnang

text: Joseph Friedrich Ernst

text: Franz Wilhelm

text: House of Hohenzollern

text: Online

categories: Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen,17th-century German people,1715 deaths,1673 births,House of Hohenzollern

paragraph: Meinrad II, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

paragraph: Meinrad II Charles Anthony of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1 November 1673 in Sigmaringen – 20 October 1715 in Sigmaringen) was Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from 1689 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Meinrad was a son of Prince Maximilian I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1636–1689) from his marriage to Maria Clara (1635–1715), the daughter of Count Albert of Berg-s'-Heerenberg. He was still a minor when he succeeded his father in 1689 and initially, he stood under the guardianship of his mother and his uncle Franz Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch.

paragraph: He studied at the University of Ingolstadt and embarked on a military career. He fought in the Battle of Vienna, the Hungarian rebellion and the Nine Years' War. In 1692, Emperor Leopold I raised the Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern to Imperial Princes, under the condition that they would practice primogeniture in the future, i.e. they were not allowed to increase the number of imperial princes by further subdividing their principalities. In 1695, Meinrad II concluded a treaty of inheritance with the Elector of Brandenburg: if either the Swabian or the Brandenburg line of Hohenzollern were to die out, then the other line would inherit their territories.

paragraph: In 1702, Meinrad's uncle Francis Anthony died. Both his sons had joined the clergy, so Hohenzollern-Haigerloch fell back to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

paragraph: In 1708, Meinrad founded a blast furnace works in Laucherthal (now part of Sigmaringendorf), which is now owned by Zollern GmbH, a company which is still partially owned by the descendants of the Princes of Hohenzollern.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: On 22 November 1700 in Sigmaringen, he married Johanna Katharina von Montfort, (1678–1759), a daughter of Count John Anthony I of Montfort-Tettnang. They had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Friedrich Ernst (1702–1769), his successor, married:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. in 1722 to Countess Marie of Oettingen-Spielberg (1703–1737)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. in 1738 to Countess Judith of Closen (1718–1743)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. in 1743 to Couness Maria Theresa of Waldburg-Trauchburg (1696–1761)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna Maria (1707–1783)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franz Wilhelm (1704–1737), married in 1724 to Countess Marie Catharina of Waldburg-Zeil-Trauchburg (1702–1739)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Wolfgang (1708–1709)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Hohenzollern

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustav Schilling: "Geschichte des Hauses Hohenzollern in genealogisch fortlaufenden Biographien aller seiner Regenten von den ältesten bis auf die neuesten Zeiten, nach Urkunden und andern authentischen Quellen". Fleischer, Leipzig, 1843, p. 279, Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Günter Schmitt: "Sigmaringen", in: Günter Schmitt: "Burgenführer Schwäbische Alb", vol. 3: "Donautal. Wandern und entdecken zwischen Sigmaringen und Tuttlingen", Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei, Biberach, 1990, , p. 41-62

alias: Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Meinrad II

description: Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen


text:
Épinal
French
LMP2
2012 24 Hours of Le Mans
European Le Mans Series
Eurocup Mégane Trophy
2009
2010 season
Nick Catsburg
sportscar racing
Le Mans Series
LMP2
Oreca 03
Mathias Beche
Jody Firth
Spa
Estoril
2011 24 Hours of Le Mans
Ferrari 430
2012
Paul Ricard
Road Atlanta
2012 24 Hours of Le Mans
Christophe Tinseau

categories: Sportspeople from Épinal,Blancpain Endurance Series drivers,European Le Mans Series drivers,FIA World Endurance Championship drivers,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,French racing drivers,Eurocup Mégane Trophy drivers,1989 births,Living people

paragraph: Pierre Thiriet

paragraph: Pierre Thiriet (born 20 April 1989 in Épinal) is a French racing driver. He finished eighth overall and second in the LMP2 class of the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans and won the European Le Mans Series in the LMP2 class in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After competing in karting in 2003–04, Thiriet began racing in the Eurocup Mégane Trophy in 2009. Driving for TDS Racing, he finished fifth in the standings. Remaining with TDS for the 2010 season, Thiriet finished second in the standings behind teammate Nick Catsburg with two race wins.

paragraph: Thiriet followed TDS into sportscar racing in 2011, contesting the Le Mans Series in the LMP2 class in an Oreca 03 shared with Mathias Beche and Jody Firth. The trio won the rounds at Spa and Estoril and finished fourth in the final drivers' standings. Thiriet also contested the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans in a Luxury Racing Ferrari 430, but the car failed to finish.

paragraph: For 2012, LMP2 became the top class of the renamed European Le Mans Series. Partnering Beche, Thiriet and TDS won the opening round of the season at Paul Ricard and the season finale at Road Atlanta, securing his first major championship victory. For the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans they were joined by Christophe Tinseau and the car finished eighth overall and second in LMP2.

paragraph: Thiriet is the son of Claude Thiriet, the founder of the French frozen food company Thiriet.

description: racecar driver

wikidata_label: Pierre Thiriet

wikipedia_title: Pierre Thiriet


text:
British Empire
Middle Temple
Attorney-General
British Honduras
Attorney General of Grenada
Southern Nigeria
Royal Victoria Hospital, Folkestone
Charterhouse School
the seventh earl of Lisburne
"The Nineteenth Century and After"

categories: Attorneys General of British Grenada,Governors of Jamaica,Governors of Barbados,Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George,Governors of Sierra Leone,1862 births,Members of the Middle Temple,Attorneys-General of British Honduras,1938 deaths,People educated at Charterhouse School

paragraph: Leslie Probyn

paragraph: Sir Leslie Probyn (23 February 1862 – 17 December 1938) was an administrator for the British Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Probyn was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1884.

paragraph: He began his career as a British colonial administrator in the Caribbean. From 1893 to 1896, he served as Attorney-General of British Honduras. In 1896, he was appointed Attorney General of Grenada. He was then moved to west Africa, serving successively as Secretary and Acting High Commissioner of Southern Nigeria (1901-1904) and governor of Sierra Leone (1904-1910).

paragraph: Probyn then returned to the Caribbean, where he was first Governor of Barbados (1911-1918) and then of Jamaica (1918-1924). During his tenure as governor of Jamaica, women were granted suffrage. However, Probyn mandated that this be subject to "safe and rigid qualifications", meaning that the majority of black Jamaican women were still effectively denied the right to vote.

paragraph: On his retirement from the colonial service he returned to England, where he served as Chairman of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Folkestone.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Probyn was one of four children of Edmund Probyn, JP and DL, and Charlotte Seymour Jones. He was educated at Charterhouse School. He was made a KCMG in 1909. He married Emily Davies (d. 1926), with whom he had two daughters, Sybil Rose (b. 1888) and Dorothy Emily (1889-1963). Through his sister, Evelyn, he was uncle of the seventh earl of Lisburne.

paragraph: Probyn was also the author of a number of treatises on legal practice, and was a regular contributor to the literary magazine "The Nineteenth Century and After".

paragraph: Section::::Select bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leslie Probyn, "Statutory form of a bill of sale, with forms of, and rules for drawing same; also a digest of all the reported cases" (London, 1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leslie Probyn, "The jurisdiction and practice of the Mayor's ourt together with appendices of forms, rules and statutes specially relating to the court." (London, 1896)

description: British colonial administrator

wikidata_label: Leslie Probyn

wikipedia_title: Leslie Probyn


text: c.

text: Roman emperor

text: Western Roman Empire

text: Julius Nepos

text: His deposition

text: Odoacer

text: Roman Empire

text: the end of Ancient Rome

text: Middle Ages

text: Augustus

text: Latin

text: diminutive

text: Orestes

text: Attila the Hun

text: Julius Nepos

text: magister militum

text: Ravenna

text: eastern court

text: Constantinople

text: figurehead

text: Odoacer

text: foederatus

text: Castellum Lucullanum

text: Campania

text: Orestes

text: Roman

text: Pannonia

text: Attila the Hun

text: Roman army

text: Poetovio

text: Noricum

text: Romulus

text: Rome

text: Augustus

text: Magister militum

text: Julius Nepos

text: Ravenna

text: Dalmatia

text: Edward Gibbon

text: Gaul

text: Italia

text: Gallia Narbonensis

text: Eastern Roman Empire

text: client state

text: Leo

text: Anthemius

text: Julius Nepos

text: Constantinople

text: Zeno

text: Basiliscus

text: Milan

text: Ravenna

text: Gaul

text: Heruli

text: Scirian

text: Turcilingi

text: mercenaries

text: Odoacer

text: Piacenza

text: executed

text: Battle of Ravenna

text: Romulus' deposition

text: powers behind the throne

text: Italy

text: Justinian I

text: Gothic War

text: Roman Senate

text: fait accompli

text: de facto

text: de jure

text: Anonymus Valesianus

text: solidi

text: Campania

text: Jordanes

text: Marcellinus Comes

text: Castel dell'Ovo

text: Naples

text: Lucullus

text: Valentinian III

text: Edward Gibbon

text: Saint Severinus of Noricum

text: Cassiodorus

text: Theodoric the Great

text: Thomas Hodgkin

text: Julius Nepos

text: Dalmatia

text: Roman Senate

text: Zeno

text: Romulus the Great

text: Friedrich Dürrenmatt

text: The Last Legion

text: the novel

text: Uther Pendragon

text: Gibbon, Edward

text: Norwich, John Julius

categories: 460 births,Monarchs who abdicated,5th-century Christians,5th-century Roman emperors,Rulers deposed as children,Ancient child rulers,Year of death unknown,Romulus Augustulus,6th-century deaths

paragraph: Romulus Augustulus

paragraph: Flavius Romulus Augustus (c. AD 460 – after AD 476; possibly still alive as late as AD 507), known derisively and historiographically as Romulus Augustulus, was the Roman emperor who ruled the Western Roman Empire from 31 October 475 until 4 September 476. He is often described as the "last Western Roman emperor", though some historians consider this to be Julius Nepos. His deposition by Odoacer traditionally marks the end of the Roman Empire in the West, the end of Ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Middle Ages in Western Europe.

paragraph: Although he, as all other emperors, adopted the name Augustus upon his accession, he is better remembered by his derisive nickname "Augustulus". The Latin suffix "-ulus" is a diminutive; hence "Augustulus" effectively means "Little Augustus". The name "Romulus" was also changed derisively to "Momyllus" meaning "little disgrace".

paragraph: The historical record contains few details of Romulus' life. He was the son of Orestes, a Roman who once served as a secretary in the court of Attila the Hun before coming into the service of Julius Nepos in AD 475. In the same year he was promoted to the rank of "magister militum", but then led a military revolt that forced Nepos to flee into exile. With the capital of Ravenna under his control, Orestes appointed his son Romulus to the throne despite the lack of support from the eastern court in Constantinople. Romulus, however, was little more than a child and figurehead for his father's rule. After ten months in power, during which time his authority and legitimacy were disputed beyond Italy, Romulus was forced to abdicate by Odoacer, a Germanic foederatus officer who defeated and executed Orestes. After seizing control of Ravenna, Odoacer sent the former emperor to live in the Castellum Lucullanum in Campania, after which he disappears from the historical record.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Romulus' father Orestes was a Roman citizen, originally from Pannonia, who had served as a secretary and diplomat for Attila the Hun and later rose through the ranks of the Roman army. The future emperor was named "Romulus" after his maternal grandfather, a nobleman from Poetovio in Noricum. Many historians have noted the coincidence that the last western emperor bore the names of both Romulus, the legendary founder and first king of Rome, and Augustus, the first emperor.

paragraph: Orestes was appointed Magister militum by Julius Nepos in 475. Shortly after his appointment, Orestes launched a rebellion and captured Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire since 402, on 28 August 475. Nepos fled to Dalmatia, where his uncle had ruled a semi-autonomous state in the 460s. Orestes, however, refused to become emperor, "from some secret motive", said historian Edward Gibbon. Instead, he installed his son on the throne on 31 October 475.

paragraph: The empire Augustus ruled was a shadow of its former self and had shrunk significantly over the previous 80 years. Imperial authority had retreated to the Italian borders and parts of southern Gaul: Italia and Gallia Narbonensis, respectively. The Eastern Roman Empire treated its western counterpart as a client state. The Eastern Emperor Leo, who died in 474, had appointed the western emperors Anthemius and Julius Nepos, and Constantinople never recognized the new government. Neither Zeno nor Basiliscus, the two generals fighting for the eastern throne at the time of Romulus' accession, accepted him as ruler.

paragraph: As a proxy for his father, Romulus made no decisions and left no monuments, although coins bearing his name were minted in Rome, Milan, Ravenna, and Gaul. Several months after Orestes took power, a coalition of Heruli, Scirian, and Turcilingi mercenaries demanded that he give them a third of the land in Italy. When Orestes refused, the tribes revolted under the leadership of the Scirian chieftain Odoacer. Orestes was captured near Piacenza on 28 August 476 and swiftly executed.

paragraph: Odoacer advanced on Ravenna, capturing the city and the young emperor after the short and decisive Battle of Ravenna. Romulus was compelled to abdicate the throne on 4 September 476. This act has been cited as the end of the Western Roman Empire, although Romulus' deposition did not cause any significant disruption at the time. Rome had already lost its hegemony over the provinces, Germanic peoples dominated the Roman army, and Germanic generals like Odoacer had long been the real powers behind the throne. Italy would suffer far greater devastation in the next century when Emperor Justinian I reconquered it in the Gothic War.

paragraph: After the abdication of Romulus, the Roman Senate, on behalf of Odoacer, sent representatives to the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno, whom it asked to formally reunite the two halves of the Empire, with Odoacer as the "protector of the state": "The West, they declared, no longer required an Emperor of its own: one monarch sufficed for the world..." Zeno was asked to make Odoacer a patrician, and administrator of Italy in Zeno's name. Zeno pointed out that the Senate should rightfully have first requested that Julius Nepos take the throne once more, but he nonetheless agreed to their requests as a "fait accompli". Odoacer, already the "de facto" ruler of Italy, now ostensibly ruled "de jure" in Zeno's name.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: The ultimate fate of Romulus is a mystery. The "Anonymus Valesianus" wrote that Odoacer, "taking pity on his youth" (he was about 16), spared Romulus' life and granted him an annual pension of 6,000 solidi before sending him to live with relatives in Campania. Jordanes and Marcellinus Comes say Odoacer exiled Romulus to Campania but do not mention any financial support from the Germanic king.

paragraph: The sources do agree that Romulus took up residence in the Castel dell'Ovo (Lucullan Villa) in Naples, now a castle but originally built as a grand sea-side house by Lucullus in the 1st century BC, fortified by Valentinian III in the mid-5th century. From here, contemporary histories fall silent. In the "History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", Edward Gibbon notes that the disciples of Saint Severinus of Noricum were invited by a "Neapolitan lady" to bring his body to the villa in 488; Gibbon conjectures from this that Augustulus "was probably no more." The villa was converted into a monastery before 500 to hold the saint's remains.

paragraph: Cassiodorus, then a secretary to Theodoric the Great, wrote a letter in 507 to a "Romulus" confirming a pension. Thomas Hodgkin, a translator of Cassiodorus' works, wrote in 1886 that it was "surely possible" the Romulus in the letter was the same person as the last western emperor. The letter would match the description of Odoacer's coup in the "Anonymus Valesianus", and Romulus could have been alive in the early sixth century. But Cassiodorus does not supply any details about his correspondent or the size and nature of his pension, and Jordanes, whose history of the period abridges an earlier work by Cassiodorus, makes no mention of a pension.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.:Last Western emperor.

paragraph: Some sources suggest that Julius Nepos claimed to hold legally the title of emperor when Odoacer took power. However, few of Nepos' contemporaries were willing to support his cause after he fled to Dalmatia. Some historians regard Julius Nepos, who ruled in Dalmatia until being murdered in 480, as the last lawful Western Roman Emperor.

paragraph: Following Odoacer's coup, the Roman Senate sent a letter to Zeno stating that "the majesty of a sole monarch is sufficient to pervade and protect, at the same time, both the East and the West". While Zeno told the Senate that Nepos was their lawful sovereign, he did not press the point, and he accepted the imperial insignia brought to him by the senate.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: As the last Western Roman emperor before the traditionally agreed-upon end of the Western Roman Empire, Romulus has been portrayed several times in film and literature; the play "Romulus the Great" (1950), by Friedrich Dürrenmatt, focuses on the reign of "Romulus Augustus" and the end of the Roman Empire in the West. The 2007 film "The Last Legion", and the novel on which it is based, includes a heavily fictionalized account of the reign and subsequent life of "Romulus Augustus"; escaping captivity with the aid of a small band of loyal Romans, he reaches Britain, where he eventually becomes Uther Pendragon.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bryce, James Bryce. "The Holy Roman Empire", Schocken Books, 1961.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gibbon, Edward. "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", Vol. 3, David Womersley, ed. London; Penguin Books, 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heather, Peter. "The Fall of the Roman Empire", 2005

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hollister, C. Warren, "Medieval Europe: A Short History." New York; McGraw-Hill, 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murdoch, Adrian, "The Last Roman: Romulus Augustulus and the Decline of the West", Stroud; Sutton, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwich, John Julius. "Byzantium: A Short History." New York, Vintage, 1997

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sandberg, Kaj. "The So-Called Division of the Roman Empire. Notes On A Persistent Theme in Western Historiography", Arctos 42 (2008), 199-213.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ralph, and Geoffrey Nathan, "Romulus Augustulus (475–476 A.D.)--Two Views", "De Imperatoribus Romanis"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Project Gutenberg: Cassiodorus, "Variae"

alias:
Romulus Augustulus
Flavius Romulus

description: last emperor of the Western Roman Empire

wikidata_label: Romulus Augustus

wikipedia_title: Romulus Augustulus


text: cartoonist

text: Rube Goldberg machine

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: National Cartoonists Society

text: Reuben Award

text: Rube Goldberg Machine Contest

text: San Francisco

text: California

text: George

text: World War II

text: University of California, Berkeley

text: city of San Francisco

text: San Francisco Chronicle

text: New York Evening Mail

text: McClure Newspaper Syndicate

text: Arthur Brisbane

text: William Randolph Hearst

text: newsreel

text: McNaught Syndicate

text: Mike and Ike (They Look Alike)

text: Boob McNutt

text: soap-opera

text: Register and Tribune Syndicate

text: Heath Robinson

text: chain reaction

text: Comic Strip Classics

text: postage stamp

text: Soup to Nuts

text: Ted Healy

text: Curly Howard

text: The Three Stooges

text: Hatari!

text: Red Buttons

text: Sesame Street

text: Vision On

text: The Electric Company

text: Flåklypa Grand Prix

text: Looney Tunes

text: Tom and Jerry

text: Wallace and Gromit

text: Pee-wee's Big Adventure

text: The Way Things Go

text: Edward Scissorhands

text: Back to the Future

text: Honey, I Shrunk the Kids

text: The Goonies

text: Gremlins

text: "Saw" film series

text: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: The Cat from Outer Space

text: Malcolm

text: Hotel For Dogs

text: "Home Alone" film series

text: Family Guy

text: American Dad!

text: Waiting...

text: "Final Destination" film series

text: The Great Mouse Detective

text: Peter Fischli & David Weiss

text: The Cog

text: The Bravery

text: The X-Files

text: The Goldberg Variation

text: Shia LaBeouf

text: OK Go

text: Elementary

text: Mouse Trap

text: The Incredible Machine

text: Crazy Machines

text: Humongous Entertainment

text: Unity Technologies

text: Chindōgu

text: Deathtrap (plot device)

text: Domino effect

text: Domino show

text: Frederick Rowland Emett

text: W. Heath Robinson

text: Jean Tinguely

text: Mickey One

text: PythagoraSwitch

text: Storm P

text: Official Rube Goldberg website

text: Toonopedia entry

text: NCS Awards

text: Guide to the Rube Goldberg Papers

text: The Bancroft Library

text: Rube Goldberg interviewed

text: Edward Murrow

categories: Jewish inventors,Jewish humorists,American male journalists,Reuben Award winners,Engineers from California,American humorists,Artists from San Francisco,Jewish engineers,Jewish American journalists,Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning winners,Writers from San Francisco,1970 deaths,Artists from New York City,1883 births,University of California, Berkeley College of Engineering alumni,American editorial cartoonists,Engineers from New York (state),Rube Goldberg,Journalists from California,Articles containing video clips

paragraph: Rube Goldberg

paragraph: Reuben Garrett Lucius Goldberg (July 4, 1883 – December 7, 1970), known best as Rube Goldberg, was an American cartoonist, sculptor, author, engineer, and inventor.

paragraph: Goldberg is best known for his popular cartoons depicting complicated gadgets performing simple tasks in indirect, convoluted ways. The cartoons led to the expression "Rube Goldberg machines" to describe similar gadgets and processes. Goldberg received many honors in his lifetime, including a Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 1948 and the Banshees' Silver Lady Award in 1959.

paragraph: Goldberg was a founding member and first president of the National Cartoonists Society, and the namesake of the Reuben Award, which the organization awards to its Cartoonist of the Year. He is the inspiration for international competitions, known as Rube Goldberg Machine Contests, which challenge participants to create a complicated machine to perform a simple task.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Goldberg was born July 4, 1883, in San Francisco, California, to Jewish parents Max and Hannah (Cohen) Goldberg. He was the third of seven children, three of whom died as children (older brother Garrett, younger brother Walter, and younger sister Lillian also survived).

paragraph: Goldberg began tracing illustrations when he was four years old, and first took professional drawing lessons when he was eleven.

paragraph: Goldberg married Irma Seeman on October 17, 1916. They lived at 98 Central Park West in New York City and had two sons named Thomas and George.

paragraph: During World War II Goldberg's sons changed their surname, at Goldberg's insistence, because of the amount of hatred towards him stemming from the political nature of his cartoons.

paragraph: Thomas chose the surname of George, in order to honor his brother; George, wanting to keep a sense of family cohesiveness, adopted the same surname. Thomas and George's children now run a company called RGI (Rube Goldberg Incorporated) to maintain the Goldberg name. John George (Thomas's son) is assisted by his cousin Jennifer George (George's daughter) and John's son Joshua George to keep the family name alive.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Goldberg's father was a San Francisco police and fire commissioner, who encouraged the young Reuben to pursue a career in engineering. Rube graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1904 with a degree in Engineering and was hired by the city of San Francisco as an engineer for the Water and Sewers Department. After six months he resigned his position with the city to join the "San Francisco Chronicle" where he became a sports cartoonist. The following year, he took a job with the "San Francisco Bulletin", where he remained until he moved to New York City in 1907, finding employment as a cartoonist with the "New York Evening Mail".

paragraph: The "New York Evening Mail" was syndicated to the first newspaper syndicate, the McClure Newspaper Syndicate, giving Goldberg's cartoons a wider distribution, and by 1915 he was earning $25,000 per year and being billed by the paper as America's most popular cartoonist. Arthur Brisbane had offered Goldberg $2,600 per year in 1911 in an unsuccessful attempt to get him to move to William Randolph Hearst's newspaper chain, and in 1915 raised the offer to $50,000 per year. Rather than lose Goldberg to Hearst, the "New York Evening Mail" matched the salary offer and formed the Evening Mail Syndicate to syndicate Goldberg's cartoons nationally.

paragraph: In 1916, Goldberg created a series of seven short animated films, finding humorous aspects to details of everyday life in the form of an animated newsreel. The seven films were released on these dates in 1916: May 8, "The Boob Weekly"; May 22, "Leap Year"; June 5, "The Fatal Pie"; Jun 19, "From Kitchen Mechanic to Movie Star"; July 3, "Nutty News"; July 17, "Home Sweet Home"; July 31, "Losing Weight".

paragraph: Goldberg was syndicated by the McNaught Syndicate from 1922 until 1934.

paragraph: A prolific artist, Goldberg produced several cartoon series simultaneously, including "Mike and Ike (They Look Alike)", "Boob McNutt", "Foolish Questions", "What Are You Kicking About", "Telephonies", "Lala Palooza", "The Weekly Meeting of the Tuesday Women's Club", and the uncharacteristically serious soap-opera strip, "Doc Wright", which ran for 10 months beginning January 29, 1933. The cartoons that brought him lasting fame involved a character named Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. In that series, Goldberg drew labeled schematics of the comical "inventions" that would later bear his name. Professor Butts was based on a couple of college professors he studied with (and found boring) while earning his degree from the College of Mining and Engineering at the University of California from 1901-1903, Samuel B Christie and Frederick Slate.

paragraph: From 1938 to 1941, Goldberg drew two weekly strips for the Register and Tribune Syndicate: "Brad and Dad" (1939-1941) and "Side Show" (1938-1941).

paragraph: Section::::Cultural legacy.

paragraph: The popularity of Goldberg's cartoons was such that the term "Goldbergian" was in use in print by 1915, and "Rube Goldberg" by 1928. "Rube Goldberg" appeared in the "Random House Dictionary of the English Language" in 1966 meaning "having a fantastically complicated improvised appearance", or "deviously complex and impractical." The 1915 usage of "Goldbergian" was in reference to Goldberg's early comic strip "Foolish Questions" which he drew from 1909 to 1934, while later use of the terms "Goldbergian", "Rube Goldberg" and "Rube Goldberg machine" refer to the crazy inventions for which he is now best known from his strip "The Inventions of Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts", drawn from 1914 to 1964.

paragraph: The corresponding term in the UK was, and still is, "Heath Robinson", after the English illustrator with an equal devotion to odd machinery, also portraying sequential or chain reaction elements.

paragraph: Goldberg's work was commemorated posthumously in 1995 with the inclusion of "Rube Goldberg's Inventions", depicting his 1931 "Self-Operating Napkin" in the Comic Strip Classics series of U.S. postage stamps.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural legacy.:Film and television.

paragraph: Rube Goldberg wrote a feature film featuring his machines and sculptures called "Soup to Nuts", which was released in 1930 and starred Ted Healy and the pre-Curly Howard version of The Three Stooges.

paragraph: In the 1962 John Wayne movie "Hatari!," an invention to catch monkeys by character Pockets, played by Red Buttons, is described as a "Rube Goldberg."

paragraph: In the late 1960s and early 70s, educational shows like "Sesame Street", "Vision On" and "The Electric Company" routinely showed bits that involved Rube Goldberg devices, including the "Rube Goldberg Alphabet Contraption", and the "What Happens Next Machine".

paragraph: Various other films and cartoons have included highly complicated machines that perform simple tasks. Among these are "Flåklypa Grand Prix", "Looney Tunes", "Tom and Jerry", "Wallace and Gromit", "Pee-wee's Big Adventure", "The Way Things Go", "Edward Scissorhands", "Back to the Future", "Honey, I Shrunk the Kids", "The Goonies", "Gremlins", the "Saw" film series, "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang", "The Cat from Outer Space", "Malcolm", "Hotel For Dogs", the "Home Alone" film series, "Family Guy", "American Dad!", and "Waiting..."

paragraph: Also in the "Final Destination" film series the characters often die in Rube Goldberg-esque ways. In the film "The Great Mouse Detective", the villain Ratigan attempts to kill the film's heroes, Basil of Baker Street and David Q. Dawson, with a Rube Goldberg style device.

paragraph: The classic video in this genre was done by the artist duo Peter Fischli & David Weiss in 1987 with their 30-minute video "Der Lauf der Dinge" or "The Way Things Go".

paragraph: Honda produced a video in 2003 called "The Cog" using many of the same principles that Fischli and Weiss had done in 1987.

paragraph: In 2005, the American alternative rock/indie band The Bravery released a video for their debut single, "An Honest Mistake," which features the band performing the song in the middle of a Rube Goldberg machine.

paragraph: In 1999, an episode of "The X-Files" was titled "The Goldberg Variation". The episode intertwined characters FBI agents Mulder and Scully, a simple apartment super, Henry Weems (Willie Garson) and an ailing young boy, Ritchie Lupone (Shia LaBeouf) in a real-life Goldberg device.

paragraph: The 2010 music video "This Too Shall Pass – RGM Version" by the rock band OK Go features a machine that, after four minutes of kinetic activity, shoots the band members in the face with paint. "RGM" presumably stands for Rube Goldberg Machine.

paragraph: 2012 The CBS show "Elementary" features a machine in its opening sequence.

paragraph: 2014 The Web Series, "Deadbeat", on Hulu features an episode titled, "The Ghost in the Machine," which features the protagonist, Kevin, helping the ghost of Rube Goldberg complete a contraption that will bring his grandchildren together after making a collection of random items into a machine that ends up systematically injuring two of his grandchildren so they end up in the same hospital and finally meet.

paragraph: Section::::Cultural legacy.:Games.

paragraph: Both board games and video games have been inspired by Goldberg's creations, such as the 60's board game "Mouse Trap", the 1990s series of "The Incredible Machine" games, and "Crazy Machines". The "Humongous Entertainment" game "" involves searching for the missing pieces to a Rube Goldberg machine to complete the game.

paragraph: In 1909 Goldberg invented the "Foolish Questions" game based on his successful cartoon by the same name. The game was published in many versions from 1909 to 1934.

paragraph: "", the first game authorized by The Heirs of Rube Goldberg, was published by Unity Games (the publishing arm of Unity Technologies) in November 2013.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chindōgu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deathtrap (plot device)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domino effect

paragraph: BULLET::::- Domino show

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick Rowland Emett

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. Heath Robinson, British artist who drew "inventions" similar to Rube Goldberg's

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Tinguely, Swiss artist who created Rube Goldberg–like sculptures

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mickey One"

paragraph: BULLET::::- PythagoraSwitch

paragraph: BULLET::::- Storm P, a Danish contemporary artist who drew "inventions" similar to Rube Goldberg's

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Rube Goldberg website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Toonopedia entry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smithsonian's Archives of American Art: Oral History Interview with Rube Goldberg, 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- NCS Awards

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guide to the Rube Goldberg Papers at The Bancroft Library

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rube Goldberg interviewed by Edward Murrow, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rube Works: The Official Rube Goldberg Invention Game

alias:
Rube Lucius Goldberg
Reuben Lucius Goldberg
Reuben Garrett Lucius "Rube" Goldberg
Reuben Goldberg
Reuben Garrett Lucius Goldberg

description: American cartoonist

wikidata_label: Rube Goldberg

wikipedia_title: Rube Goldberg