text: Major

text: FRS

text: FRSE

text: FRGS

text: English

text: geographer

text: historian

text: oceanography

text: Surveyor General

text: Royal Geographical Society

text: London

text: Chudleigh

text: Devon

text: Royal Artillery

text: Royal navy

text: midshipman

text: Raid on Cherbourg

text: Battle of Saint Cast

text: Hyde Parker

text: cutting-out expedition

text: Pondicherry

text: marine surveying

text: East India Company

text: Philippines

text: Alexander Dalrymple

text: Seven Years' War

text: Madras roads

text: Palk Strait

text: Pamban

text: Robert Palk

text: Bengal

text: Calcutta

text: Governor Vansittart

text: Bengal Engineers

text: sanyasis

text: Lord Robert Clive

text: surveyor-general

text: Sepoy

text: Dacca

text: Warren Hastings

text: Bengal engineers

text: Warren Hastings

text: London

text: East India House

text: Portland Place

text: Herodotus

text: Asia

text: Mungo Park

text: Hornemann

text: Mountains of Kong

text: Niger River

text: Babylon

text: St Paul

text: Caesar

text: hydrographical

text: Atlantic

text: Indian

text: Cape of Good Hope

text: Agulhas Current

text: Oceanography

text: Isles of Scilly

text: Rennell's Current

text: logs

text: fellow of the Royal Society

text: Copley Medal

text: Royal Society of Literature

text: Westminster Abbey

text: Royal Geographical Society

text: William Lambton

text: trigonometrical survey

text: Nevil Maskelyne

text: John Cartier

text: Dr Thomas Thackeray

text: Harrow

text: William Makepeace Thackeray

text: John Tremayne Rodd

text: KCB

categories: English oceanographers,1830 deaths,Recipients of the Copley Medal,People from Teignbridge (district),Royal Navy personnel of the Seven Years' War,Royal Navy officers,English geographers,Fellows of the Royal Society,1742 births,History of the Corps of Engineers (Indian Army),English historians,Burials at Westminster Abbey,Bengal Engineers officers,Members of The Club,18th-century English people

paragraph: James Rennell

paragraph: Major James Rennell, FRS FRSE FRGS (3 December 1742 – 29 March 1830) was an English geographer, historian and a pioneer of oceanography. Rennell produced some of the first accurate maps of Bengal at one inch to five miles as well as accurate outlines of India and served as Surveyor General of Bengal. Rennell has been called the "Father" "of" "Oceanography". In 1830 he was one of the founders of the Royal Geographical Society in London.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Rennell was born at Upcot near Chudleigh in Devon. His father, John Rennell, an officer in the Royal Artillery, was killed in action shortly after the birth of his son; his mother Anne subsequently married Mr Elliott, a widower with children of his own and unable to care for additional ones, leading to Rennell being brought up by a guardian, the Rev. Gilbert Burrington, vicar of Chudleigh. The ancient paternal Devonshire family name was formerly spelt Reynell and was of French origin.

paragraph: Rennell entered the Royal navy as a midshipman in 1756 at the age of fourteen aboard the frigate "Brilliant", and was present at the Raid on Cherbourg (1758), and the disastrous Battle of Saint Cast in the same year. In 1760, he went out to East India, and served in the "Grafton" under Captain Hyde Parker (1714–1782) during the three following years, when he saw some active service, including a cutting-out expedition at Pondicherry. He soon mastered the theory and practice of marine surveying, and, on account of his proficiency in this regard, Parker lent his services to the East India Company. He served for a year on board one of the company's ships bound to the Philippines, with the object ""of establishing new branches of trade with the natives of the intervening places"". Rennell accompanied the hydrographer Alexander Dalrymple and drew several charts and plans of harbours on journeys in the "Cuddalore" (1759–62), the "London" (1762-63) and the "Neptune" (1763–64).

paragraph: In 1763, at the end of the Seven Years' War, seeing no chance of promotion, Rennell entered the service of the East India Company's sea service. He at once received command of a vessel of two hundred tons; but it was destroyed by a hurricane in Madras roads in March 1763. Fortunately, his captain was on shore, and he was at once appointed to command a small yacht called the "Neptune", in which he executed surveys of what is now called the Palk Strait and the Pamban Channel. Rennell became a good friend of the Governor of Madras, Robert Palk, who also came from Devon. His next cruise was to Bengal, and he arrived at Calcutta at a time when Governor Vansittart was anxious to initiate a survey of the British territory. Owing to the friendship of an old messmate Mr Topham, who had become the governor's secretary, he was chosen for survey duties and was initially commissioned as an ensign in the Bengal Engineers, dated 9 April 1764.

paragraph: Section::::Survey work in India.

paragraph: Rennell initially surveyed the Ganges river starting in the autumn of 1764, encountering in 1766 the mountains that he called the Tartarian mountains (the Himalayas). The main purpose of the survey was to find a navigable waterway from Calcutta to the northern regions. In the same year Captain Rennell nearly lost his life when the party of surveyors were attacked by sanyasis on the Bhutan border. Injured badly in the shoulder blade, he was taken by boat to Dacca, a journey that took six days. He was treated by Dr Francis Russell and was fortunate to recover although he never gained full function of his right arm. On return Rennell's work was much appreciated and he was recommended for a handsome salary of £1000 a year. Rennell immediately sent money home to his mother and sister while also showing gratitude by sending gifts to Rev. Burrington's children. In 1767 Lord Robert Clive, the then Governor of Bengal and Bihar, appointed him as surveyor-general of the East India Company's dominions in Bengal. After this Rennell was always accompanied by a company of Sepoys.

paragraph: The headquarters of the surveyor-general were at Dacca, and in the successive working seasons he gradually completed his difficult, laborious, and dangerous task. Mapping was accomplished on the field by army men with distances measured using a perambulator - a calibrated wheel whose revolutions were counted to calculate distance - and a compass. Economic pressures further forced a reduction in pay and there was dissatisfaction among the native ranks on the question of double "batta" (part payment). The surveys were sometimes dangerous, a party of his men were attacked by a leopard and Rennell had to use his bayonet to save his men. Malaria was common and in 1771 he was briefly diverted to military duties in an expedition against a band of raiders. The mapping project was originally a general survey of newly acquired lands, but the job soon gained a wider scope under Warren Hastings, who was appointed as Governor-General in 1773. One of Hastings' first projects was to begin a Domesday style reckoning of property, land, people, and culture for taxation of revenue. As for Rennell's part in this, his project was carried out much like a military survey, searching for safe passage through territory, with information gathering a secondary object. Rennell received the rank of major of Bengal engineers on 5 April 1776, and retired from active service in 1777. The government of Warren Hastings granted him a pension of £600 per annum, which the East India Company somewhat tardily confirmed.

paragraph: The remaining fifty-three years of his life were spent in London, and were devoted to geographical research chiefly among the materials in the East India House. He took up his residence in Suffolk Street, near Portland Place, where his house became a place of meeting for travellers from all parts of the world.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.

paragraph: Rennell's first and most influential work was the "Bengal Atlas" (1779) which was followed by the first detailed map of India (1783), the "Geographical System of Herodotus" (1800), the "Comparative Geography of Western Asia" (1831), and important studies on the geography of northern Africa—apparent in introductions to the Travels of Mungo Park and Hornemann. He however forged the geographic data of Park by introducing a mountain range, the Mountains of Kong, supposedly located in the western part of Africa. The fake was intended to support his own theory on the course of the Niger River. The Mountains of Kong remained present in maps until the early 20th century. He also contributed papers to "Archaeologia" on the site of Babylon, the island of St Paul's shipwreck, and the landing-place of Caesar in Britain. Rennell published a book titled "" (1788) and dedicated to Sir Joseph Banks.

paragraph: Beside his geographical and historical works, James Rennell is known today for his hydrographical works on the currents in the Atlantic and Indian oceans. He started his research on these topics when he was travelling by a sailing ship with his family from India to Britain after his retirement in 1777. During the extraordinary prolonged voyage around the Cape of Good Hope he mapped ""the banks and currents at the Lagullas"" and published in 1778 the work on what is today called the Agulhas Current. This was one of the first contributions to the science of Oceanography. He was the first to explain the causes of the occasional northern current found to the south of the Isles of Scilly, which has since been called as Rennell's Current.

paragraph: After the death of his wife in 1810, he returned to the oceanographic topics. His numerous naval friends gave him a mass of data from their logs, which he assimilated into a chart of all currents in the Atlantic Ocean. During his last years, he wrote his last work "", published posthumously by his daughter Jane in 1832.

paragraph: He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1781; and he received the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1791, and the gold medal of the Royal Society of Literature in 1825. James Rennell has been called the "Father of Indian Geography," and for his pioneering work on oceanography as the "Father of Oceanography".

paragraph: In later life Rennell suffered from gout and in 1829 he fell from a chair and broke his thigh. He died on 29 March 1830 at his home on Suffolk Street. He was interred in the nave of Westminster Abbey, and there is a tablet to his memory, with a bronze bust by Ludwig Hagbold, near the western door. The year of his death saw the foundation of the Royal Geographical Society. His collection of books were gifted by his heirs to the Royal Geographical Society.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Rennell was "of middle height, well proportioned, with a grave yet sweet expression of countenance. He was diffident and unassuming, but ever ready to impart information. His conversation was interesting, and he had a remarkable flow of spirits. In all his discussions he was candid and ingenuous". Rennell was however irrational in proposing that the Niger ended in a lake without reaching the sea. He was also strongly opposed to the methods of William Lambton in his proposed trigonometrical survey. His opposition had to be neutralized by Sir Nevil Maskelyne before Lambton's plan was approved.

paragraph: While at Dacca, Rennell became a close friend of John Cartier. It was in Cartier's home that he met Jane Thackeray (d. 1810), daughter of Dr Thomas Thackeray, headmaster of Harrow, and a great-aunt of the novelist William Makepeace Thackeray and he married her in 1772. Their older son Thomas (born 1779) died unmarried in 1846, while the second son William (born 1781) worked in the Bengal civil service and died in 1819 without leaving any children. One daughter named Jane (born 1773) died young, whilst another daughter, also Jane, born in 1777 on St Helena where he had stopped on his way to England married Admiral Sir John Tremayne Rodd, KCB in 1809. Lady Rodd devoted several years publishing her father's current charts and revising new editions of his principal works. She died in December 1863.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical notices of officers of the Royal (Bengal) engineers

wikidata_label: James Rennell

wikipedia_title: James Rennell


text: London

text: English

text: mathematician

text: machine

text: Newton's first law of motion

text: chess

text: François-André Danican Philidor

text: Westminster

text: Westminster School

text: Trinity College, Cambridge

text: Smith's Prize

text: Royal Society

text: London

text: William Pitt the Younger

text: Westminster

text: St. Margaret's Church

text: lunar crater

text: Atwood

text: Philosophical Transactions

text: Copley Medal

text: Assize

text: England

text: King John

categories: 19th-century English mathematicians,British chess players,Recipients of the Copley Medal,People educated at Westminster School, London,Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge,19th-century English people,18th-century English mathematicians,Fellows of the Royal Society,1745 births,English inventors,1807 deaths,People from Westminster,18th-century English people,Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge

paragraph: George Atwood

paragraph: George Atwood (October 1745, London – 11 July 1807, London) was an English mathematician who invented a machine for illustrating the effects of Newton's first law of motion. He was also a renowned chess player whose skill for recording many games of his own and of other players, including François-André Danican Philidor, the leading master of his time, left a valuable historical record for future generations.

paragraph: Atwood was born in Westminster, with the date remaining unknown, but presumed to have been shortly before his baptism on 15 October 1745. He attended Westminster School and in 1765 was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated in 1769 with the rank of third wrangler and was awarded the inaugural first Smith's Prize. Subsequently he became a fellow and a tutor of the college and in 1776 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London.

paragraph: In 1784 he left Cambridge and soon afterwards received from William Pitt the Younger the office of patent searcher of the customs, which required but little attendance, enabling him to devote a considerable portion of his time to mathematics and physics.

paragraph: George Atwood died unmarried in Westminster at the age of 61, and was buried there at St. Margaret's Church.

paragraph: Over a century later, a lunar crater was renamed Atwood in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: Atwood's published works, exclusive of papers contributed to the Philosophical Transactions, for one of which he obtained the Copley Medal, are as follows:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Analysis of a Course of Lectures on the Principles of Natural Philosophy" (Cambridge, 1784).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Treatise on the Rectilinear Motion and Rotation of Bodies" (Cambridge, 1784), which gives some interesting experiments, by means of which mechanical truths can be ocularly exhibited and demonstrated, and describes the machine, since named after Atwood, for verifying experimentally the laws of simple acceleration of motion.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Review of the Statutes and Ordinances of Assize which have been established in England from the 4th year of King John, 1202, to the 37th of his present Majesty" (London, 1801), a work of some historical research.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dissertation on the Construction and Properties of Arches" (London, 1801).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chess games recorded by Atwood were published posthumously by George Walker in London in 1835, under the name "Selection of Games at Chess, actually played by Philidor and his Contemporaries". Atwood was one of a few masters that could beat Verdoni on occasion.

description: English mathematician

wikidata_label: George Atwood

wikipedia_title: George Atwood


text: harmony

text: musical composition

text: Conservatoire de Paris

text: lithographs

text: Charles Nodier

text: Justin Taylor

text: incidental music

text: ballet

text: opera

text: vaudeville

text: Louis Duport

text: Cachucha

text: Adolphe Adam

text: opéra comique

text: Frédéric Soulié

text: La tentation

text: Le Diable boiteux

text: Edmond Burat de Gurgy

text: Fanny Elssler

text: La Tarentule

text: Jean Coralli

text: Fromental Halévy

text: opéra comique

text: Jean-Joseph Ader

text: opera

text: Gustave Vapereau

text: François-Joseph Fétis

text: René Dumesnil

text: Eugène de Montalembert, Claude Abromont

text: Buste de Casimir Gide sur Gallica

categories: French ballet composers,French booksellers,French classical composers,Musicians from Paris,French Romantic composers,French publishers (people),1804 births

paragraph: Casimir Gide

paragraph: Casimir Gide (4 July 1804 – 18 February 1868) was a 19th-century French composer, bookseller as well as prints and maps editor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The son of the Parisian bookseller Theophile Etienne Gide (1768-1837), to whom he will succeed and of a singer in the chapel of the king, he studied harmony and musical composition at the Conservatoire de Paris. On 4 February 1833, he was patended bookseller from maison Gide fils. He was a major printer of lithographs and financed the publication of six volumes among the nineteen of the "Voyages pittoresques et romantiques dans l'ancienne France" by Charles Nodier and Justin Taylor. In 1854, he was one of the first to launch the trend of salon operettas and artistic evenings.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He wrote incidental music, ballets and operas.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Shows.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1828: "Les Trois Marie", vaudeville by Louis Duport, chant and accompagnement

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1829: "La Cachucha"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1830: "La Chatte blanche"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1830: "Les Trois Catherine", with Adolphe Adam

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1830: "Le Roi de Sicile", opéra comique in 1 act, with Frédéric Soulié

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1831: "Les Jumeaux de la Réole"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1832: "La tentation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1835: "L'Île des pirates"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1836: "Le Diable boiteux", ballet pantomime in 3 acts, with Edmond Burat de Gurgy and Fanny Elssler

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1838: "La Volière ou les Oiseaux de Boccace"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1839: "La Tarentule", ballet-pantomime

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1847: "Ozaï", ballet pantomime in 2 acts, with Jean Coralli

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pas redoublé pour harmonie militaire"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Romance !" (with Horace Gide)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1858: "Belphegor"

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Musics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quadrille et valse" (piano) for "Le Diable boiteux"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "rondos-fantaisies" on "Ozaï"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trois quadrilles de contredanses suivis de deux valses et un galop" on "La Tentation" (with Fromental Halévy)

paragraph: Section::::Texts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1834: "L'Angélus", opéra comique in 1 act (with Jean-Joseph Ader)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1845: "Fragment d'un répétiteur de ballet"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Camélia" (petite ronde pour piano sur une valse du ballet "Le Diable boiteux"). op. 102

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le muguet" (petit rondo pour piano sur un air de danse du ballet "Le Diable boiteux"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Tentation", opera in 5 acts, lyrics by Cavé, music by Halévy, ballets music by Gide (morceaux détachés chant et piano by Gide)

paragraph: Section::::Texts.:Lithography prints.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1845: "Château de Dompierre"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1845: "Grande Salle de l'Hôtel de Ville de St Quentin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1845: "Intérieur de l'Église de Notre Dame de Nesle"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1857: "Ancien Hôtel de Ville de Châlons-sur-Marne"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1857: "Ancienne Église St Nicaise à Reims"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1857: "Église d'Hermouville"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1857: "Église St Laurent à Nogent sur Seine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1857: "Portail du Sud de l'Église de Mézières"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1857: "Portail méridional de l'Église de Réthel"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1857: "Vues d'une partie de l'Église de Bourgogne"

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gustave Vapereau, "Dictionnaire universel des contemporains", 1865, (p. 744)/a

paragraph: BULLET::::- François-Joseph Fétis, "Biographie universelle des musiciens", 1869, (p. 3)/a

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Grove, John Alexander Fuller-Maitland, "Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians", vol.2, 1906, (p. 273)

paragraph: BULLET::::- René Dumesnil, "La musique romantique française", 1944, (p. 140)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eugène de Montalembert, Claude Abromont, "Guide des genres de la musique occidentale"/a

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frédéric Robert, "La Musique française au XIXe siècle", 1970, (p. 41)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carl Dahlhaus, Sieghart Döhring, "Pipers Enzyklopädie des Musiktheaters", 1997, (p. 370)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Louis Tamvaco, Ivor Forbes Guest, "Les cancans de l'Opéra", 2000, (p. 994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean-Jacques Velly, "Le dessous des notes", 2001, (p. 73)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William E. Studwell, "Minor Ballet Composers", 2012, (p. 43)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Buste de Casimir Gide sur Gallica

description: French choreographer, composer and editor

wikidata_label: Casimir Gide

wikipedia_title: Casimir Gide


text:
Sir Robert (V) Ogle of Ogle
Sir Thomas Grey
House of York
Thomas Grey
Southampton Plot
earl of Cambridge's
King Henry V
Northumberland
constable
Norham Castle
Sheriff
honour
MP
Truce
Scotland
captain
Berwick Castle
ransom
marks
Sheriff of Northumberland
Richard of York
Duke of Somerset
House of York
retainer
Richard, Earl of Salisbury
Scottish Marches
First Battle of St Albans
Bishopric of Durham
Bishop of Durham
Salisbury's brother
Neville family
Wars of the Roses
Battle of Towton
Sir John Conyers
Carham Castle
Earl of Northumberland's
forfeited
castles
Alnwick
Warkworth
Prudhoe
Warden of the Eastern March
Montague
Percy
Lordship
Redesdale
Harbottle Castle
King's Bench
Kirkby
Lancashire

categories: 1406 births,1469 deaths,High Sheriffs of Northumberland,People of the Wars of the Roses

paragraph: Robert Ogle, 1st Baron Ogle

paragraph: Sir Robert Ogle, 1st Baron Ogle (1406–1469), was son and namesake of Sir Robert (V) Ogle of Ogle (c.1370–1436) and his wife Maud, daughter of Sir Thomas Grey of Heaton.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Through his Grey relations he had connections with the House of York, as his father-in-law Thomas Grey was executed as a result of the Southampton Plot in 1415, and his cousin, another Thomas Grey, married the earl of Cambridge's daughter; Cambridge had also suffered the same fate for his involvement in the plot against King Henry V. His family came from Northumberland, where his father had been constable of Norham Castle, Sheriff of the honour, and its MP. He had died in 1436, at which point Robert Ogle (VI) entered into his inheritance.

paragraph: Section::::Royal Service.

paragraph: Ogle's career as a servant of the crown began prior to his father's death. In 1434, he was a commissioner of the Truce with Scotland, and a year later appears to have been captain of Berwick Castle, which was worth "circa" £194 in peace time, with another £200 to be paid in time of war. It was in which post he was captured by the Scots, during a border raid, and ransomed for 750 marks. As the king traditionally paid the ransoms of those captured on his service, Ogle applied for such; but the condition of the Lancastrian crown's finances at the time were such that he was still trying to get this compensation seven years later. He was later (1437–38) appointed Sheriff of Northumberland.

paragraph: Section::::Political career.

paragraph: When the political factionalism between Richard of York and the Duke of Somerset spilled over into physical violence in 1455, he supported the House of York. This was probably due to the fact that he was a retainer of York's close ally Richard, Earl of Salisbury and brought a force of 600 men from the Scottish Marches to York's army at the First Battle of St Albans. He was also, however, constable of the Bishopric of Durham, and, as the then-Bishop of Durham was Salisbury's brother, he probably also came with the bishop's "blessing... as his contribution to the Neville family cause." With these men, one contemporary chronicler, stated, he personally 'tok the market place.' His support for the Yorkists continued throughout the Wars of the Roses, and after the Battle of Towton, with Sir John Conyers he hunted the deposed king, Henry, and besieged him at Carham Castle.

paragraph: Section::::Elevation to the peerage and service to the new regime.

paragraph: He was created Baron Ogle on 26 July 1461, having been "the principal Northumbrian gentleman to support the Yorkist cause." He was further placed in command of the Earl of Northumberland's forfeited castles- Alnwick, Warkworth, and Prudhoe. He also received in 1438 the earl's position of Warden of the Eastern March. He continued his diplomatic work on the border, completing, in October 1461, a further year's truce with Scotland. In 1465, with the elevation of Warwick's brother Montague to the earldom of Northumberland, the Percy estates that Ogle had received were transferred to Montague; Ogle was compensated with the Lordship of Redesdale and Harbottle Castle and other forfeited lands in Northumberland. He was a regular, if partisan, member of the King's Bench commissions in Northumberland, being regularly appointed by the Nevilles, first Salisbury, then Warwick.

paragraph: Ogle died on 1 November 1469. At some point, he had married one Isabel Kirkby of Kirkby, Lancashire, producing a daughter and three sons.He was succeeded by his eldest son, Owen (Ewyn) Ogle, 2nd Baron Ogle.

alias:
Robert Ogle
Robert (VI) Ogle

description: English soldier and administrator

wikidata_label: Robert Ogle, 1st Baron Ogle

wikipedia_title: Robert Ogle, 1st Baron Ogle


text: Formula One

text: Brabham

text: Monaco in 1965

text: 1974 US Grand Prix

text: Canadian-American Challenge Cup

text: Group 7 sports cars

text: McLaren

text: Indianapolis 500

text: BMW M3

text: Bathurst 1000

text: Australia

text: Motueka

text: South Island

text: Clive Hulme

text: Victoria Cross

text: Battle of Crete

text: Pongakawa

text: Te Puke

text: MG TF

text: MGA

text: Cooper-Climax

text: George Lawton

text: Formula Junior

text: Formula Two

text: BMC

text: Ford

text: Gran Premio di Pescara

text: Roskilde

text: Reg Parnell

text: Le Mans

text: Abarth

text: Angus Hyslop

text: Ken Tyrrell

text: Formula Junior

text: Formula Two

text: Tony Maggs

text: Jack Brabham

text: Chessington

text: Brabham

text: Formula Junior

text: FFSA Trophées de France series

text: 1966 series

text: 1964 Grote Prijs van Limborg

text: 1965 Spring Trophy

text: Motor-sponsored Six-Hour

text: Ford Galaxie

text: Dan Gurney

text: Roy Salvadori

text: Dan Gurney

text: Monaco

text: Clermont-Ferrand

text: France

text: Dan Gurney

text: Reims

text: Brands Hatch

text: Zandvoort

text: Jim Clark

text: Graham Hill

text: Monte Carlo

text: Nürburgring

text: Lorenzo Bandini

text: Nürburgring

text: McLaren

text: Bruce McLaren

text: South African

text: Kyalami

text: Jarama

text: Cosworth DFV

text: BRDC International Trophy

text: Monza

text: Canada

text: Jackie Stewart

text: Mexico City

text: 1970 Mexican Grand Prix

text: chicken

text: Yardley

text: victory in South Africa

text: International Gold Cup

text: Oulton Park

text: McLaren M23

text: 1973 at Kyalami

text: South Africa

text: Peter Revson

text: 1973 Belgian Grand Prix

text: Graviner

text: Swedish Grand Prix

text: Ronnie Peterson

text: Emerson Fittipaldi

text: Brazilian Grand Prix

text: Peter Revson

text: Argentine event

text: 1966 Le Mans 24 hours

text: Shelby-American Inc.

text: Ford GT40 MK II's

text: Ken Miles

text: Bruce McLaren

text: Henry Ford II

text: Amon

text: Can-Am

text: FIA

text: Group 7 racing

text: Lola T70

text: McLaren

text: Bruce McLaren

text: 1967 season

text: McLaren M6A

text: Dan Gurney

text: 1970 season

text: Goodwood Circuit

text: Peter Gethin

text: 1971 season

text: Peter Revson

text: McLaren M20

text: 1972 championship

text: Indianapolis 500

text: 1964 Tasman Series

text: Lola T70

text: RAC Tourist Trophies

text: 1965 World Sportscar Championship

text: GPDA

text: Pukekohe Park Raceway

text: Chrysler Charger

text: Stirling Moss

text: Frank Gardner

text: JPS Team BMW

text: 1984 Bathurst 1000

text: European Touring Car Championship

text: Tom Walkinshaw Racing

text: Rover Vitesse

text: RAC Tourist Trophy

text: Bob Jane

text: Larry Perkins

text: Holden Racing Team

text: Holden

text: Benson & Hedges Racing

text: Scania

text: Bathurst 1000

text: Mount Panorama

text: Australia

text: 1992 event

text: BMW M3

text: Benson & Hedges Racing

text: heart attack

text: Conrod Straight

text: Bathurst

text: Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy

text: Toyota Racing Series

text: Hawthorn Memorial Trophy

text: New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame

text: New Zealand Motorsports Wall of Fame

text: Motorsports Hall of Fame of America

text: International Motorsports Hall of Fame

text: An Appreciation of Denny Hulme

text: "Follow The Bear"

text: Denny Hulme statistics

text: New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame

text: Trio At The Top

text: NZ On Screen

categories: 24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,Tasman Series drivers,New Zealand racing drivers,BRDC Gold Star winners,European Touring Car Championship drivers,12 Hours of Sebring drivers,People from Motueka,Indianapolis 500 drivers,Formula One World Drivers' Champions,Indianapolis 500 Rookies of the Year,Brabham Formula One drivers,International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees,1936 births,24 Hours of Daytona drivers,1992 deaths,New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Australia,British Formula Three Championship drivers,New Zealand Formula One drivers,12 Hours of Reims drivers,New Zealand Officers of the Order of the British Empire,McLaren Formula One drivers,International Race of Champions drivers,New Zealand people of English descent

paragraph: Denny Hulme

paragraph: Denis Clive Hulme (18 June 1936 – 4 October 1992), commonly known as Denny Hulme, was a New Zealand racing driver who won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship for the Brabham team. Between his debut at Monaco in 1965 and his final race in the 1974 US Grand Prix, he started 112 Grand Prix, resulting eight victories and 33 trips to the podium. He also finished third in the overall standing in 1968 and 1972.

paragraph: Hulme showed versatility by dominating the Canadian-American Challenge Cup (Can-Am) for Group 7 sports cars. As a member of the McLaren team that won five straight titles between 1967 and 1971, he won the individual Drivers' Championship twice and runner-up on four other occasions.

paragraph: Following his Formula One tenure with Brabham, Hulme raced for McLaren in multiple formats—Formula One, Can-Am, and at the Indianapolis 500. Hulme retired from Formula One at the end of the 1974 season but continued to race Australian Touring Cars.

paragraph: Hulme was nicknamed 'The Bear', because of his "gruff nature" and "rugged features"; however, he was also "sensitive (...) unable to express his feelings, except in a racing car". During the early part of his career, Denny preferred to race bare foot as he believed that it gave him a better feel of the throttle. This changed in 1960 when he started competing in the more highly regulated European championships.

paragraph: During his career, Hulme drove the most powerful cars of his era. He raced in F1, F2, Indycars, saloon/touring cars, CanAm and endurance races, all during the same season. After retiring from F1, he even drove in truck races.

paragraph: Hulme's death by heart attack, whilst driving a BMW M3 during the Bathurst 1000 in Australia, made him the seventh former Formula One champion to die, and the first to die of natural causes (versus three racing incidents, two incidents on public roads and one incident involving aircraft).

paragraph: Section::::Early racing career.

paragraph: He was born on a tobacco farm belonging to his parents in Motueka in the South Island of New Zealand. His father Clive Hulme was awarded a Victoria Cross, as a sniper, while fighting in the Battle of Crete in 1941.

paragraph: Whilst growing up on his family's farm in Pongakawa (near Te Puke), Hulme learned to drive a truck while sitting on his father's lap, and by the age of six, he was driving solo. He left school and went to work in a garage. He saved up enough money to buy an MG TF, promptly entering this in hillclimbing events. After that his father brought a MGA for him. After making impressive progress he purchased a F2 Cooper-Climax, subsequently being chosen for the New Zealand Driver to Europe program, along with fellow Kiwi, George Lawton. The pair of young New Zealander began competing in Formula Junior and Formula Two across Europe, in a Cooper-BMC and Cooper–Ford respectively. Hulme won the 1960 Gran Premio di Pescara for Formula Juniors, but the newspapers back in New Zealand made no mention of this, as they wrote only about Bruce McLaren. However, the year, 1960 ended in disaster, when Lawton crashed during a race at Roskilde (Denmark) dying in Hulme's arms.

paragraph: As the New Zealand press were ignoring Hulme, he hired a 2½ litre Cooper from Reg Parnell and entered it in the 1961 New Zealand Gold Star Championship. He won the title straight away. He appeared at Le Mans for the Abarth team, taking a class win in S850 the class (partnered by fellow Kiwi Angus Hyslop), before Ken Tyrrell invited the likable (but sometimes gruff) New Zealander to race in his Formula Junior and Formula Two team, in 1962, when Tony Maggs was unavailable due to his Formula One commitments.

paragraph: Once there, basing himself in London, he worked as a mechanic in Jack Brabham's garage in Chessington and began to pave his way on his motor-racing path. It was Brabham who gave him drives in his Brabham sportscars and single seaters. During the 1963 season, he won seven International Formula Junior and after some impressive performances there, it was his old boss Jack Brabham who gave Hulme the call and he joined the Australian legend's F2 team. In 1964, the pair set about dominating the Championship that year, resulting in a one–two finish in the FFSA Trophées de France series. The pair also finished one–two in the 1966 series . During this spell in F2 between 1964-1966, Hulme won a total of three races in the series, plus two non-championship events (the 1964 Grote Prijs van Limborg and the 1965 Spring Trophy). Hulme was rewarded with some non-championship Formula One races.

paragraph: Away from single seaters, Hulme also raced the occasional saloon car. In appalling conditions, on 6 July 1963, Hulme won his first major saloon car race. The second Motor-sponsored Six-Hour, a round of the European Touring Car Championship, saw the pre-race favourite, a 7-litre Ford Galaxie driven by Dan Gurney and Jack Brabham flounder in the wet and the Jaguars dominated the race. Hulme would win, partnered by Roy Salvadori, after the winners on the road were disqualified for engine irregularities.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.:1965–1967 - with Brabham.

paragraph: After making numerous appearances in non-championship events for Brabham during the 1964 season, as the Brabham team had signed Dan Gurney for race along their boss. Hulme finally got the call he had been waiting for, making his World Championship debut in 1965 at Monaco. Later that year, he scored his first points, for fourth position at the daunting Clermont-Ferrand (Charade) circuit in France.

paragraph: 1966 was Hulme's first full season of Formula One. Now, after the departure of Dan Gurney, he was the outright number two at the Brabham team behind Jack himself. Finishing a fine fourth that year (with Jack winning the Drivers' and the Brabham team the Constructors' Championship), the highlights came with a third place at Reims in France, a second behind Brabham at Brands Hatch, and the fastest lap at Zandvoort, before ignition problems put paid to his race there. Whilst his boss won the World title, Hulme made it to the podium four times during season, finishing fourth overall in the standings.

paragraph: The 1967 Championship was essentially an internal affair within the Brabham Racing Organisation team for most of the year, but the new Lotus 49 gave Jim Clark and Graham Hill the opportunity to bite back. Their Brabham-Repcos were not the fastest cars, however they were reliable and consistent, as were Brabham and Hulme. During the season, he would take two wins in the 11-race Championship, at Monte Carlo and the ferocious Nürburgring (the Green Hell).

paragraph: Although Hulme silenced many critics with his excellent win in Monaco, the race was marred by the appalling accident that would claim the life of Lorenzo Bandini, who was chasing Hulme at the time of the crash. His second Grand Prix win of 1967, was on the legendary "Nordschleife" of the Nürburgring. This victory proved his versatility on any type of track. A further six visits to the podium gave Hulme the advantage he needed. He won the Championship by five points from Brabham, and a further five from Jim Clark. Hulme was the first (and to date, only) Formula One World Champion from New Zealand.

paragraph: Section::::Formula One career.:1968–1974 - with McLaren.

paragraph: saw a move to the McLaren team, owned by fellow Kiwi Bruce McLaren. Although the 'Bruce and Denny Show' dominated the North American Can-Am sportcar series from 1966, their time in Formula One was less successful. The South African race, held at the legendary Kyalami circuit, proved difficult for the team. Despite having to use the old BRM V12 engines on an old M5A chassis, Hulme brought it home a creditable fifth.

paragraph: By the Spanish round at Jarama, the Cosworth DFV V8 engine was installed in the brand new M7A chassis and the performances improved. After victory in the BRDC International Trophy, Hulme picked up second place in Spain, before taking two more wins that year at Monza and in Canada, leaving him with an outside chance of retaining the Championship crown against Graham Hill and the young Jackie Stewart.

paragraph: The finale, in Mexico City, determined the champion that year, but Hulme suffered a suspension failure on his McLaren.

paragraph: Although Hulme would claim third place in the 1970 Mexican Grand Prix, the race was marred by the immense crowd of over 200,000. The crowd proved almost uncontrollable and almost forced the cancellation of the race. They were crammed in front of the guard-rails, sat at the trackside and ran across the track itself. The drivers were concerned that someone would be killed. During qualifying, Hulme missed some children by inches. They were playing a game of "chicken" to see who got nearest to the cars as they hurtled past.

paragraph: Beauty, fragrance and men's products company Yardley took over title sponsorship of a new McLaren in , and it paid dividends for Hulme. Partnered with good friend Peter Revson, Hulme was back on winning ways taking victory in South Africa, and a few fine podiums elsewhere, finishing 1972 in third place with 39 points. Meanwhile, Hulme also won the non-championship International Gold Cup race at Oulton Park.

paragraph: Amazingly, Hulme scored only one pole position in his F1 career aboard a McLaren M23, in 1973 at Kyalami—he appeared to have a good relationship with the South African venue. However, Hulme was outshone by friend and teammate Peter Revson in , and he finished a place down on the American in sixth, 12 points adrift.

paragraph: By the 1973 Belgian Grand Prix, Hulme and McLaren had taken F1 safety forward, when his car introduced the Graviner life-support system to Formula One, supplying the driver breathable air in the event of fire.

paragraph: Hulme won the Swedish Grand Prix luckily, though he also set the fastest lap. The race seemed to be set up for a home victory for Ronnie Peterson, with his Lotus teammate, Emerson Fittipaldi in second, when the Lotuses hit trouble. Fittipaldi being slowed with gearbox issues, and then Peterson with tyre wear. As Hulme decided to run with harder tyres, he passed Peterson on the penultimate lap to win. Hulme expressed sadness to ""have taken that away from Ronnie"".

paragraph: He and Revson had built up a strong friendship off the back of their F1 camaraderie—they also competed together in the Can-Am series. When Revson left McLaren at the end of 1973 to join Shadow, Hulme would have been disappointed.

paragraph: In his time at McLaren, Hulme won six Grands Prix, but he was nearing the end of his time in F1, and his competitive urges were being blunted by a growing apprehension about the dangers of racing. After the Brazilian Grand Prix in which Hulme finished in twelfth place, these fears were well founded. when testing at Kyalami commenced, in March 1974, Peter Revson suffered a front suspension failure (broken front Ball Joint), veering head-on into the barriers. Hulme tried in vain to save his friend's life, but to no avail. After the accident Hulme announced that he would see out before retiring from Grand Prix racing. However, other than winning the Argentine event (he inherited the lead when his now teammate Fittipaldi inadvertently knocked-off the electrical "kill-switch" on his steering wheel, on the penultimate lap) and coming home second in Austria, he did not make much of an impact on the season, and he retired dignified at the end of the year and stepped away from the sport and returned to New Zealand.

paragraph: Section::::Away from F1.

paragraph: Section::::Away from F1.:1966 Le Mans 24 hours.

paragraph: At the finish of the 1966 Le Mans 24 hours, the two Shelby-American Inc. entered Ford GT40 MK II's were both on the lead lap, running first and second, with the car Hulme was partnering with Ken Miles in the lead. In the lead half-hour of the race, the Fords bunched up together in a pre-arranged plan for Bruce McLaren and Miles to cross the line, headlights ablaze, in a dead-heat. Unfortunately the dead-heat that Henry Ford II had so proudly planned did not come off, as the timekeepers decided that a dead-heat was technically impossible as the Hulme/Miles car had qualified faster than the McLaren/Amon car, and therefore covered a shorter race distance. Therefore, when the two cars arrived side-by-side at the finish, Bruce McLaren and Chris Amon were classified as the winners with Hulme and Ken Miles in second.

paragraph: Section::::Away from F1.:Can-Am (1966–1972).

paragraph: In 1966, while driving for the Brabham team in Formula One, Hulme drove in the inaugural season of the Can-Am racing series of FIA Group 7 racing, driving the same Sid Taylor entered Lola T70 he had driven with success in UK Group 7 races that year, but achieving no success in the Can-Am races. In 1967 he joined the McLaren team of New Zealand countryman Bruce McLaren for the series, replacing Chris Amon who had gone to Ferrari. This partnership became so successful, the Americans called them the 'Bruce and Denny Show', such was their domination.

paragraph: In the 1967 season, the year of his F1 Championship win with Brabham, Hulme finished second to team leader Bruce McLaren for the Can-Am championship, scoring three wins in six races and earning 24 points in the McLaren M6A. Hulme won the Can-Am Championship in 1968, taking three victories in the six race season, earning 35 points in the McLaren M8A. 1969 saw the McLaren team continue to dominate the series; driving the McLaren M8B, they won every race, with multiple 1–2 finishes, and even a 1–2–3 finish when Dan Gurney drove the spare car. Hulme scored five victories in eleven races in 1969, earning 160 points to finish second to teammate McLaren in the championship.

paragraph: The 1970 season was a difficult one for the team, as they mourned the loss of leader Bruce McLaren, who had died while pre-season testing the McLaren M8D "Batmobile" at the Goodwood Circuit. Teamed first with driver Dan Gurney, then with driver Peter Gethin, Hulme led the team with six wins in ten races, winning his second Can-Am Championship driving the M8D to 132 points—more than double the number of the second-place competitor. For the 1971 season Hulme's teammate was his good friend Peter Revson, who took the Can-Am crown that year with Hulme in second (three wins in ten races), driving the McLaren M8F. In his final season, Hulme drove the McLaren M20 to second place in the 1972 championship on 65 points, with two wins in the nine race season.

paragraph: Following his quiet start in the 1966 season, Hulme scored 22 wins with 11 second place and 2 third-place finishes in 52 Can-Am races from 1967 through 1972 – standing on the podium for 67% of the races during those six seasons. In those same six seasons, he was the Can-Am season champion twice, and championship runner-up four times. His 22 career wins are the most by any driver in the Can-Am series.

paragraph: Section::::Away from F1.:Indy 500.

paragraph: Hulme competed in the Indianapolis 500 on four occasions: 1967, 1968, 1969, and 1971. His best results in the event were in 1967 and 1968, both times finishing fourth. He did not compete in the 1970 race, due to methanol burns to the hands after a fire during practice.

paragraph: Section::::Away from F1.:Tasman Series.

paragraph: Hulme finished third in the 1964 Tasman Series with one win and three podiums. He would later compete in 1967 and 1968, collecting a podium in each year.

paragraph: Section::::Away from F1.:British Sportscar Championship (1965–1969).

paragraph: On weekends away from the Formula One, Hulme would sometimes race for Sid Taylor Racing in the British Sportscar Championship. During this time, he won a total of 12 races, mostly in a Lola T70, including three RAC Tourist Trophies, one of which was a round of the 1965 World Sportscar Championship.

paragraph: Section::::After F1.

paragraph: After leaving the sport, Hulme led the GPDA (Grand Prix Drivers' Association) for a brief period, but the cut and thrust nature of the post was ill-suited to his gentlemanly nature and he did not fill the post for very long. He then retired to New Zealand, returning to touring cars to race occasionally in the Benson & Hedges 500 race at Pukekohe Park Raceway in the late 1970s first in Chrysler Chargers then later a Volkswagen Golf, partnering Stirling Moss on occasion for the 500 kilometre endurance format.

paragraph: Hulme began racing regularly again in 1982 with amateur racer Ray Smith, building up a team with the Holden Commodore V8 capable of winning the New Zealand Production Car Series for Group A touring cars in 1983/84. Hulme also started racing in Australia, racing in the team of former European compatriot Frank Gardner's JPS Team BMW, which included second in class at the 1984 Bathurst 1000.

paragraph: Hulme returned to Europe in 1986 racing in the European Touring Car Championship in a Tom Walkinshaw Racing prepared Rover Vitesse. That campaign culminated in a victory in the RAC Tourist Trophy, Hulme's fourth win in the event, 18 years after his third win. After that Hulme raced briefly for Bob Jane's Mercedes-Benz team before linking up with Larry Perkins in 1987, moving with Perkins in 1988 to the newly formed Holden Racing Team. It was with Holden, that Hulme would record his last visit to a podium, when he finished second, in the 1988 South Australia Cup. Hulme would later join Benson & Hedges Racing, another team run by Frank Gardner in 1990. In the meantime, Hulme was one of the founding drivers driver a truck racing craze in New Zealand in the early 1990s running Scania trucks, returning to Europe to race in European Truck Championship.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: A favourite event of Hulme's was the Bathurst 1000, held at the famous Mount Panorama track in Australia. In the 1992 event he was driving a semi-works supported BMW M3 for Benson & Hedges Racing when after complaining over the car-to-pits radio of blurred vision (originally thought to be because of the heavy rain) Hulme suffered a massive heart attack at the wheel whilst driving along the high-speed Conrod Straight. After veering into the wall on the left side of the track at about , he managed to bring the car to a relatively controlled stop sliding against the safety railing and concrete wall on the right side of the track. When marshals reached the scene, they found Hulme still strapped in. He was taken from the car straight to Bathurst Hospital where he was officially pronounced dead.

paragraph: Section::::Death.:Legacy.

paragraph: Several awards were named in Hulme's memory:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy awarded at the Targa Tasmania

paragraph: BULLET::::- The "NZ Motor Cup: Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy" awarded during the Toyota Racing Series

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967, New Zealand Sportsman of the Year.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1967/1970/1974, winner of the Hawthorn Memorial Trophy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1993, Inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994, Inducted into the New Zealand Motorsports Wall of Fame.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998, Inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002, Inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eoin Young. "Memories of the Bear: A Biography of Denny Hulme". J H Haynes & Co. Ltd. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- An Appreciation of Denny Hulme

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Follow The Bear" - a personal memoir of Hulme

paragraph: BULLET::::- Denny Hulme statistics

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical article and video clip on The Speed Blog

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Bruce McLaren Trust Official Website

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Trio At The Top - a documentary about Bruce McLaren, Denny Hulme and Chris Amon on NZ On Screen

description: New Zealand racing driver

wikidata_label: Denny Hulme

wikipedia_title: Denny Hulme


text: Wiesbaden

text: Offenbach am Main

text: Author

text: Philosopher

text: Broadcaster

text: painter

text: cartographer

text: Gustav Leisegang

text: Johann Wolfgang Goethe University

text: Theodor W. Adorno

text: Julius Jakob Schaaf

text: Horst Heiderhoff

text: Hessischer Rundfunk

text: Paul Stöcklein

text: Klaus Zernack

text: Franz Kafka

text: Karl May

text: graphic design

text: Anton Stankowski

text: prime number

text: University of the Witwatersrand

text: Carl Schmachtenberg

text: W. H. Auden

text: W. H. Auden

text: Hart Crane

text: Edvard Kocbek

text: Glanz und Elend – Autorenporträt und das Gedicht „Coca-Cola“

text: Gedichte von Dieter Leisegang (deutsch und spanisch)

categories: 1942 births,Translators from Slovene,German male poets,German male non-fiction writers,Translators from English,Goethe University Frankfurt faculty,Translators to German,1973 deaths,20th-century philosophers,German essayists,20th-century German non-fiction writers

paragraph: Dieter Leisegang

paragraph: Dieter Leisegang (November 25, 1942 in Wiesbaden - March 21, 1973 in Offenbach am Main) was a German Author, Philosopher and Broadcaster.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Dieter Leisegang was born on November 25, 1942, the eleventh child to painter and cartographer Gustav Leisegang. He spent his childhood in the city of Wiesbaden until his family relocated to Offenbach am Main in 1959. His first literary works and poems appeared in the 1950s and were published in newspapers, magazines, and anthologies.

paragraph: After graduating secondary school, Leisegang studied History, German, and Philosophy at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, primarily under the instruction of Theodor W. Adorno and Julius Jakob Schaaf. Leisegang took Schaaf's approach of “Universal Relational Theory” and developed it further into a “draft of a philosophy of relationships”, with which “Leisegang leaves behind a self-contained philosophical oeuvre, in which, with a staggering systematic power at the highest level of both introspection and argumentation, profound historical knowledge of the entire history of philosophy seamlessly unites” (Julius Schaaf).

paragraph: In 1963 Leisegang met typographer and publisher Horst Heiderhoff, together with whom he released the poetry series “Das Neuste Gedicht” ("”The Newest Poem”"). In the same year, however, he was forced to take a break from his studies at the university due to a serious lung condition. After an operation, he was able to return to his studies in 1967. Already during his years at university Leisegang worked a variety of different jobs: as a teaching assistant for an aesthetics course at the Werkkunstschule (College of Design Offenbach) (1968-1960); as a lecturer for text and rhetoric at the Technical College for Industrial Advertising and Sales Promotion in Kassel (1968-1971); and as a freelancer in the editorial department “Art and Literature” for the Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessisch Broadcasting).

paragraph: In 1969 he finished his doctorate in Philosophy (Julius Schaaf/Theodore W. Adorno), German (Paul Stöcklein), and East European History (Klaus Zernack) with a dissertation on "The Three Powers of Relation". Leisegang was then given a position at Frankfurt University as a lecturer for the History of Philosophy, with particular emphasis on the philosophy of art theory (1971-1973), which he used to work on a philosophical analysis of the works of both Franz Kafka and Karl May. During this time, Leisegang began intensively examining fundamental questions underlying graphic design. This culminated in his "Prolegomena on a Theory of Design", which Leisegang published in the newspaper "design international" in 1971 (whose editors were Leisegang himself, Anton Stankowski, and Horst Heiderhoff). In addition to this, he also toyed with prime numbers.

paragraph: Leisegang put his teaching position in Frankfurt on hold in 1972 in order to take up a position as guest lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg (South Africa). Here, alongside a relational theory drafted in English, he began plans for a philosophic political paper on "Apartheid and Integration as Moments of a True Political Relationship between Black and White in South Africa" (Letter to Julius Schaaf on July 20, 1972). Unfortunately, his posit that one-sided political relationships would inevitably lead to foreseeable social and economic catastrophe, which drew from examples from South Africa, never came to fruition in the form of a paper, as his manuscript went missing during a move. However, it was discussed during his lectures. While still in South Africa, Leisegang explicitly withdrew his application for a chair position at J.W. Goethe University and left his lecturer position there to rest (Letter to J. Schaaf, July 20, 1972).

paragraph: In August 1972 he returned to Germany due to the death of his father. He held the seminar "Philosophical Aspects of Literature, Karl May: Ardistan and Dschinnistan" in the winter semester of 1972/73, which, in a certain sense, came to be his legacy. Despite his successes, Leisegang committed suicide in the early hours of March 21, 1973. Shortly before this, he had written a letter informing the police of his impending suicide.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Poetry Collections.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bilder der Frühe" (Privately Printed), Offenbach am Main 1962.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aufbruch der Stille", Prose, Offenbach am Main 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Übung eines Weges" (Privateky Printed), Offenbach am Main 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brüche". Bläschke, Darmstadt 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Überschreitungen". Bläschke, Darmstadt 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Intérieurs." Jolei Holzschnitte. Afterword: Hans Hinterhäuser. Heiderhoff, Frankfurt 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hoffmann am Fenster". Drawings by Claire-Lise Holy. Afterword: Hans-Jürgen Heise. Heiderhoff, Frankfurt 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unordentliche Gegend. Aphorisms, Poems, Translations 1960–1970". Eight drawings by Jolei. Heiderhoff, Frankfurt 1971

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aus privaten Gründen. Gedichte und Aphorismen". Heiderhoff, Frankfurt 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bei Abwesenheit von Wolken – Aphorismen zur Landschaft". Leisegangs Texts into images by Jolei. Heiderhoff, Echzell 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lauter letzte Worte. Gedichte und Miniaturen". Published with Afterword from Karl Corino. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Übung eines Weges. Gedichte". Pub. Roswitha Heiderhoff and Karl Corino, Heiderhoff, Eisingen 1986

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Essays (Theory of Design).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Form sichtbar machen", in: Katalog der Frankfurter Sezession, Frankfurt 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Welt lesen", in: Horst Heiderhoff, Print and Typography, Mainz 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aber trenne die Schichten... Reflexionen zu Gedichten von Paul Lüth", in: Deutsches Ärzteblatt 7, 12. February 1966, p. 462–463

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nachwort", in: Carl Schmachtenberg, Selected poems, Frankfurt [Druck der Horst-Heiderhoff-Presse 2] 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Wahl einer Schrift", in: Horst Heiderhoff Typography, Wiesbaden 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Was ist Grafik-Design und was kann es leisten?/What means Graphic-Design and what can it perform?", in: design international 2/[19]70, p. 8–17

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prolegomena zu einer Theorie der Gestaltung I: Einleitung", in: design international 4/[19]70 [?], p. 6–7

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Prolegomena zu einer Theorie der Gestaltung II: Gestaltung und Information/Prolegomena to a Theory of Designing II: Designing and Information", in: design international 1/[19]71 I, p. 54–60 [a slightly longer version entitled "Gestalt – Information – Kunst", in: Druck-Print, 1/1971, S. 13–16; both versions stem from the same 26-page typoscript from Dieter Leisegang in the German Literature Archive Marbach; however, they vary respectively on the level of undergone revision]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aggression als Heilslehre", in: Der Literat, Issue 12, Frankfurt 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Heinrich Wehmeiers didaktische Typographie", in: Der Polygraph, Supplement to Issue 20-[19]71

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lücken im Publikum. Relatives und Absolutes bei Franz Kafka". In: "Philosophie als Beziehungswissenschaft". Festschrift for Julius Schaaf. Heiderhoff, Frankfurt 1974, p. XVI/ 3–56

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Philosophical Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die drei Potenzen der Relation". Heiderhoff, Frankfurt 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dimension und Totalität. „Entwurf einer Philosophie der Beziehung“". Heiderhoff, Frankfurt 1972

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Philosophie als Beziehungswissenschaft". Festschrift for Julius Schaaf (Pub. with Wilhelm Friedrich Niebel). Heiderhoff, Frankfurt 1974

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Mathematics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vorbereitende Ausführungen zum Thema: Primzahlentabellen im Zahlbereich über 10 hoch sieben", Typoscript o. J., 16 p. (Nachlass Dieter Leisegang, Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Film and Radio Features.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ein Fenster zur Welt, Gedichte von zehn slowenischen Autoren", Süddeutscher Rundfunk, 5. September 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Erich Martin, Porträt eines Malers", Hessisches Fernsehen, 8. July 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dichter über ihre Dichtungen", Hessisches Fernsehen, 8. July 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Pariser Biennale für junge Kunst", Hessisches Fernsehen, 22. October 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ich schreibe … Resignation und Tendenz in der deutschen Lyrik nach Auschwitz", Hessisches Fernsehen, 11. November 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Gießener Musiktage 1969", ARD, 23. November 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aus dem Nachlaß der sechziger Jahre", ARD, 1. January 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kunst und Kitsch im Kinderbuch", Hessisches Fernsehen, 23. February 1970

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Kinderbuchmesse in Bologna", ARD, 25. April 1970

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Broadcasts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. H. Auden, The Common Life, Darmstadt 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- W. H. Auden, The Cave of Making, Darmstadt 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hart Crane, Moment Fugue, Darmstadt: J. G. Bläschke Verlag (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edvard Kocbek, Die Dialektik, Frankfurt 1968

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Unfinished Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gestaltung und Information" [= "Prolegomena zu einer Theorie der Gestaltung II"], Typoscript, undated, 27 p. Din a 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arbeitsexemplar "Die drei Potenzen der Relation", with personal comments and supplements

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lyrik und Computer", handwritten Ms., undated, 3 p. Din a 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Selbst-Rezension „Unordentliche Gegend“", Typoskript, dat. 1971, 3. p. Din a 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fragment: "Ausgehend von einem alltäglichen Sachverhalt …" [wohl 1. Disposition for "Die drei Potenzen der Relation"], undated, handwritten Ms., 2 p. Din a 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dimension und Relation (Anhang zu "Die drei Potenzen der Relation")", handwritten Ms., dat. 26. January 1969, 3 p. Din a 5

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vorwort zu "Dimension und Totalität", handwritten on 2 envelopes, stamps 18. January72

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fragment: "Ästhetik", handschr. Ms., undated, 2 p. Din a 5

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fragment: "Das Ende der Einsamkeit", handwritten Ms., bez. „Dieter – Bärbel diktiert“, 4 p. Din a 4 mit „Inhaltsverzeichnis“ [„1. Das Ende der Einsamkeit, 2. Die Zerstörung der Kunst, 3. Alleinsein oder die uniformierte Gesellschaft“], undat.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Typoskript from "Dimension und Totalität", with personal revisions

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rede zum 60. Geburtstag J. Schaafs Okt. 70", Typoskript, 4. p. Din a 4

paragraph: BULLET::::- Letters from W. H. Auden to Leisegang

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julius Schaaf, "Beziehung und Idee. Eine platonische Besinnung", in: "Parusia. Studien zur Philosophie Platons und zur Problemgeschichte des Platonismus", Pub. K. Flasch, Frankfurt 1965, p. 3–20.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julius Schaaf, "Statt eines Nachwortes. Rede zur Trauerfeier am 27. März", in: Leisegang, "Aus privaten Gründen", Frankfurt 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jörg Engelmann, "Gesellschaft als Beziehung. Aspekte einer relationstheoretischen Soziologie des Denkens", Frankfurt 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reiner Kunze, Rezension von "Unordentliche Gegend" und "Aus privaten Gründen", in: [Source?] 1976 [quoted in: Corino, "Das rettungslose Ich", p. 199–200].

paragraph: BULLET::::- Karl Corino, "Das rettungslose Ich. Zur Lyrik Dieter Leisegangs", in: Leisegang, "Lauter letzte Worte", p. 199–213.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christoph von Wolzogen, "Das Skandalon des Ich. Anmerkungen zur Lyrik Dieter Leisegangs", Review by: Leisegang, "Lauter letzte Worte", in: Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Feuilleton, 18. September 1980, p. 37–38.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Dieter Schäfer, "Dieter Leisegang", in: Die deutsche Lyrik 1945–1975, Düsseldorf 1981.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christoph von Wolzogen, "Die autonome Relation. Zum Problem der Beziehung im Spätwerk von Paul Natorp. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Theorien der Relation", Würzburg/Amsterdam 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harald Hartung, "Das leergelebte Leben", in: Frankfurter Anthologie 9, Frankfurt 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christoph von Wolzogen, Artikel "Relation IV – 20. Jahrhundert", in: "Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie", Bd. 8, Basel 1992, p. 602–606.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petra Ernst, "Dieter Leisegang", in: Lexikon der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur, 2 Bde., pub. Thomas Kraft, München 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paul Drechsel, on the „Logik der Globalisierung“, Kap. 2, Exkurs: Die Logik der Relation "aRb" as synopsis of separating and connecting, www.drechsel-science.de/Globalisierungs-Vortrag/Buch-Kapitel-2.pdf [vgl. full manuscript: www.drechsel-science.de/webseiten/globalisierung.htm].

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Glanz und Elend – Autorenporträt und das Gedicht „Coca-Cola“

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zwischen Absolutem und Kahlschlag; 2012 wäre Dieter Leisegang 70 Jahre alt geworden, retrieved on 3. Oktober 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gedichte von Dieter Leisegang (deutsch und spanisch)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philosophie der Beziehung und Logik der Globalisierung – Kap. 2 aus Paul Drechsels Globalisierungs-Buch mit Hinweis auf Leisegang (S. 84–85) (PDF; 450 kB)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beziehung und Idee, in: Parusia, Hg. Kurt Flasch, Frankfurt 1965, S. 3.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beziehung und Idee, in: Parusia, Hg. Kurt Flasch, Frankfurt 1965, S. 17.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Die drei Potenzen der Relation, Frankfurt 1969, S. 100.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dimension und Totalität, Frankfurt 1972, S. 40.

description: German translator

wikidata_label: Dieter Leisegang

wikipedia_title: Dieter Leisegang


text:
Ming dynasty
Christie's
Wen Zhengming
Ming dynasty
Wu School
House of Zhao
Hanshan Temple
Suzhou
hanging scroll
fan painting
mogu
Yun Shouping
crater on Venus

categories: 1595 births,Chinese women artists,1634 deaths,People from Suzhou,Flower artists,Painters from Suzhou,Ming dynasty painters

paragraph: Wen Shu

paragraph: Wen Shu (Wen Chou, traditional: 文俶, simplified: 文俶) (1595-1634) was a Ming dynasty Chinese painter who worked under the pen-name Hanshan and was known for her paintings of flora and small insects. She is considered the finest flower painter of the period.

paragraph: Her work was popular at the time, and consistently sells well at auction. Her painting "Rising Early in the Spring to Lament Flowers" (1631) was sold at Christie's New York on 16 September 2015 for US$413,000, four times its estimate.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Wen Shu was the great-granddaughter of Wen Zhengming, a leading Ming dynasty painter of the Wu School whose family were also highly respected in the movement. Her father was Wen Conjian, a painter, and taught both his children to paint from a young age. Wen Shu married Zhao Yun who was a student of her father and a member of the House of Zhao. They lived close to the Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou.

paragraph: Most of Wen Shu's surviving art is dated 1626 or later. This is after Zhao Yun's father died and the family's fortunes declined, so it is likely that Wen Shu turned to commercial art production in order to maintain her family's lifestyle. One critical essay suggests this is because Zhao Yun was unwilling to work but this is not supported by other sources. She is said to have taught painting classes for women in the gentry.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Wen Shu worked under the pen-name Hanshan, among others, and in a range of formats. She painted hanging scrolls, fan paintings and illustration. Her primary subjects were flowers and wildlife as unwritten rules on suitable subjects for women painters meant women rarely painted landscapes. Wen Shu may have chosen flora in particular for their commercial aspect as new paintings of flowers were in demand. This is supported by the fact her work seldom carries poems or dedications: the absence of these is an indicator of work for commercial clients.

paragraph: Wen Shu focused on a few essential elements in the composition presented against a plain background. This style means the eye is drawn to the brushwork and colours displayed. This can be shown in her fan painting, 'Carnations and Garden Rock' of 1627, which uses a limited palette and only two elements for the composition. She is noted for an attention to detail, even when she was using the mogu (boneless) technique.

paragraph: Her professional work was sufficiently popular that she trained female assistants to help with the workload. For the collection 'Pattern of Plants and Insects by Hanshan' she produced one illustration a day for one thousand days. During her lifetime, other artists would produce forgeries of her work.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Wen Shu's style is reflected in work by later artists, such as Yun Shouping. In 1994, the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature approved naming a crater on Venus Wen Shu after her.

paragraph: Section::::Paintings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Insects, Birds and Butterflies" (1626). Album of twelve leaves, painting on silk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Insects, Birds and Flowers". Album of twelve leaves, painting on silk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carnations and Garden Rock" (1627). Fan painting.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rising Early in the Spring to Lament Flowers" (1631). Hanging scroll.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flowers and Birds in the Style of the Song Court" (1631). Ink on silk.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flowers and Butterflies" (1632). Hanging scroll.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Grasshopper and Flowers" (1633). Fan painting.

alias: Hanshan 文俶

wikidata_label: Wen Shu

wikipedia_title: Wen Shu


text:
Aristobulus IV
Herod the Great
client king
Chalcis
Herod Agrippa I
Herodias
Aristobulus
Berenice
Claudius
Temple in Jerusalem
High Priest
Joseph, son of Camydus
Ananias, son of Nedebeus
Herod Agrippa II
Herodian dynasty
Herodian kingdom
List of Hasmonean and Herodian rulers

categories: 1st-century Herodian rulers,Herodian dynasty,1st-century monarchs in the Middle East,1st-century BC births,48 deaths,1st-century Jews

paragraph: Herod of Chalcis

paragraph: Herod of Chalcis (d. 48-49 AD), also known as Herod V, listed by the "Jewish Encyclopedia" as Herod II, was a son of Aristobulus IV, and the grandson of Herod the Great, Roman client king of Chalcis. He was the brother of Herod Agrippa I and Herodias.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His first wife was his cousin, Mariamne. She bore him a son named Aristobulus, who also eventually became ruler of Chalcis.

paragraph: After Mariamne's death, he married his niece Berenice, with whom he had two sons, Berenicianus and Hyrcanus.

paragraph: Around 41 AD, at the request of his brother, Herod Agrippa, emperor Claudius granted him the rule of Chalcis, a territory north of Judaea, with the title of king. Three years later, after the death of his brother, he was also given responsibility for the Temple in Jerusalem, as well as the appointment of the Temple's High Priest. During the four years in which he exercised this right he appointed two high priests—Joseph, son of Camydus (44-46), and Ananias, son of Nedebeus (ca. 47-52).

paragraph: He died in 48 AD. After his death the kingdom was given to Herod Agrippa II.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herodian dynasty

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herodian kingdom

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Hasmonean and Herodian rulers

wikidata_label: Herod of Chalcis

wikipedia_title: Herod of Chalcis