text:
Hall
Lanteglos-by-Fowey
Bodinnick
Cornwall
Member
Parliament of England
Newport, Cornwall
Plympton Erle
Helston
Rye
Liskeard

categories: 1567 deaths,English MPs 1547–1552,English MPs 1555,1500s births,Year of birth missing,English MPs 1553,High Sheriffs of Cornwall,English MPs 1554,English MPs 1563–1567,Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall,People of the Tudor period

paragraph: Reginald Mohun (died 1567)

paragraph: Reginald Mohun or Mone (1507/8 – 22 April 1567), of Hall in the parish of Lanteglos-by-Fowey and of Bodinnick, both in Cornwall, was an English politician.

paragraph: He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Newport, Cornwall in 1547, Plympton Erle in October 1553, Helston in November 1554, Rye in 1555 and Liskeard in 1559 and 1563.

description: English politician, died 1567

wikidata_label: Reginald Mohun

wikipedia_title: Reginald Mohun (died 1567)


text:
Linares
Jaén
Cementerio inglés de Linares
Junta de Andalucía
Linares

categories: 1874 births,1957 deaths,French–Spanish translators,Spanish Protestants,Spanish women writers,20th-century Spanish writers,Spanish people of British descent,English–Spanish translators

paragraph: Charlotte Remfry

paragraph: Charlotte Elizabeth Frederica Remfry Koesler (also known as, Carlota Remfry-Kidd; 1869–1957) was a Spanish writer, born in Linares, Jaén, where she died, being the last person of English ancestry buried in the Cementerio inglés de Linares. She married Thomas Kidd Curry in 1946. The Official Gazette of Junta de Andalucía (BOJA) In its Order of 1 July 2007, approved the name "Carlota Remfry" for the Official Language School of Linares.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: She is the author of "Linarejos y otros cuentos" (Madrid: Ínsula, 1950),

paragraph: She was a frequent contributor to magazines such as Mundo Latino, Los Quijotes; Mesa Revuelta, La Voz de la Mujer, Cervantes (Madrid); La Alhambra (Granada); Grecia (Seville).

alias: Charlotte Elizabeth Frederica Remfry y Koesler

description: Spanish writer

wikidata_label: Charlotte Remfry

wikipedia_title: Charlotte Remfry


text: biomechanics

text: shot put

text: discus throw

text: Tel Aviv

text: aliyah

text: Stern Gang

text: kibbutz

text: Israel Defense Forces

text: Wingate Institute

text: University of Wyoming

text: University of Massachusetts Amherst

text: Exercise Science

text: Coto de Caza

text: Israel at the 1960 Summer Olympics

text: Men's Shot Put

text: flag bearer for Israel at the 1960 Olympics

text: Israel at the 1964 Summer Olympics

text: Men's Discus Throw

text: flag bearer for Israel at the 1964 Olympics

text: anabolic steroids

text: biomechanical

text: physical rehabilitation

text: Al Oerter

text: gold medal

text: Mac Wilkins

text: Olympic Training Center

text: U.S. Olympic Biomechanical Committee

text: kibbutz

text: ISBS

text: Ariel Dynamics Inc.

text: David Letterman with Dr. Gideon Ariel

categories: Olympic athletes of Israel,Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent,Israeli male discus throwers,Israeli male shot putters,University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni,Wingate Institute alumni,People from Coto de Caza, California,University of Wyoming alumni,Sportspeople from Tel Aviv,Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics,1939 births,Living people

paragraph: Gideon Ariel

paragraph: Gideon Ariel (גדעון אריאל; also "Uriel," born April 27, 1939) is an Israeli authority in biomechanics, as well as a former Olympic track and field athlete who competed in the shot put and discus throw.

paragraph: Section::::Early and personal life.

paragraph: Ariel was born in Tel Aviv, Israel. His father, the son of a rabbi, was born in Poland in 1904, and made "aliyah" (moved to Israel, then known as Palestine) in 1922, and ultimately became a hotel manager and then head of customs at the Jaffa port, as well as a member of the Stern Gang. His mother worked as the secretary to the Mayor of Tel Aviv. His parents divorced when he was ten years old. At the age of 11, he moved to a kibbutz. He served three years in the Israel Defense Forces.

paragraph: He studied at the Wingate Institute in Israel, and later attended the University of Wyoming on an athletic scholarship, beginning in 1963 and graduating in 1966. Ariel obtained a master's degree from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Exercise Science. He completed his graduate and post-doctoral work at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he received a Ph.D. in Exercise and Computer Science.

paragraph: Ariel and his former wife Yael Tzabar have a child, Geffen Olympia. He lived in Amherst, Massachusetts and Coto de Caza, California. He has three more daughters: Tova, Nomi, and Ilana Ariel.

paragraph: Section::::Discus and shot put.

paragraph: When Ariel competed in the Olympics, he was 6 ft (184 cm) tall, and weighed 220 lbs (100 kg).

paragraph: Ariel competed for Israel at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, at the age of 21, in the Men's Shot Put, and came in 22nd with a distance of 14.65 meters. He was also the flag bearer for Israel at the 1960 Olympics.

paragraph: Ariel competed for Israel at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, at the age of 25, in the Men's Discus Throw, and came in 26th with a distance of 46.12 meters. He was again the flag bearer for Israel at the 1964 Olympics.

paragraph: His personal best in the discus throw was 55.22 meters, in 1964. Ariel's personal best in the shot put was 16.27 meters, in 1966.

paragraph: Section::::Scientific career.

paragraph: Section::::Scientific career.:Anabolic steroids.

paragraph: Ariel performed research in the use of anabolic steroids, technically known as anabolic-androgen steroids (AAS) or colloquially as "steroids" (or even "roids"), which are drugs that mimic the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the body. Uses of anabolic steroids in sports are controversial because of their adverse effects and the potential to gain an advantage conventionally considered "cheating."

paragraph: Section::::Scientific career.:Biomechanical performance optimization.

paragraph: Ariel developed a business of biomechanical services, ranging from physical rehabilitation to personalized athletic instruction, working with athletes including Olympic champion discus thrower Al Oerter—who after working with Ariel, at age 43 threw a discus 27 feet farther than his best gold medal performance.

paragraph: Another of those athletes was Mac Wilkins. In 1975, the USOC had gathered 12 of America's best discus throwers to be filmed in action with high speed cameras. The footage was sent to Ariel's laboratory where he conducted his analysis on their performances. Wilkins commented on Ariel's assessment of his technique: "He pointed out that my front leg was absorbing energy that could go into the throw. I had to begin to change my whole conception of throwing I used to think I had to put as much of my speed in the direction of the throw." Ariel's analysis had shown that Mac was generating speeds up to 30 percent faster in one segment of the throw than anyone else, but it was dissipating it at the end. According to Ariel, the computer "found that with a perfectly timed summation of his forces, Wilkins could throw the discus 250 feet." After implementing Gideon's advice, Mac Wilkins went on to break the world record and win the Olympic gold medal at the 1976 games in Montreal, Canada.

paragraph: He founded the Olympic Training Center in Squaw Valley and Colorado Springs and became chairman of the U.S. Olympic Biomechanical Committee. In San Diego, he founded Ariel Dynamics to apply biomechanical concepts to sports performance.

paragraph: Section::::Patents and inventions.

paragraph: Section::::Patents and inventions.:Variable resistance exercising device.

paragraph: An improved exercising device for exercising the legs of a user includes a frame member with a lever arm having one end pivotably attached thereto. The lever arm extends downwardly from the portion of the frame member to which it is pivotably connected, and a pair of foot-engaging force transferring members are mounted on the lower end of the lever arm. A cable has one end pivotably connected near the lower end of the lever arm, passes around an eccentrically mounted pulley and has its other end connected to weights. As the user lifts the lower portions of his legs, the lever arm is pivoted to pull the cable and the weights attached thereto, thereby strengthening the knee muscles of the user. The eccentrically mounted pulley varies the resistance to movement of the user's lower legs initially increasing the resistance and then decreasing the resistance in a sinusoidal manner as the lower legs are lifted to pivot the lever arm and lift the weights. Patent US 4256302 A, 1981.

paragraph: Section::::Patents and inventions.:Exerciser.

paragraph: An exerciser bar is supported for rotation and acts against an hydraulic cylinder with the angle of the bar and the pressure in the cylinder measured and fed to a micro computer which, using this input data, controls the cylinder pressure in accordance with a selected exercise program, the micro computer also providing outputs to displays so that the person exercising can monitor his progress. Patent US 4354676 A, 1982.

paragraph: Section::::Patents and inventions.:Passive programmable resistance device.

paragraph: A passive programmable resistance device uses a closed loop feedback for controlling resistance to rotational or translational motion of an object. One or more actual parameters, such as force or position, are measured and compared with desired parameters. The differences are used to provide a control signal which controls the resistance to the movement of the object. Patent US 4544154 A, 1985.

paragraph: Section::::Patents and inventions.:Related patents.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exerciser. France - No. 80-23965. 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exerciser. Japan - No. 1,151,489. 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exerciser. United Kingdom - No. 2,086,738. 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exercise Apparatus. United Kingdom - No. 2,193,901. 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hydraulic Valve Assembly for Controlling An Hydraulic Cylinder. No. 6-898,013. 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exercise Apparatus. Germany - No. P3715406. 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exercise Apparatus. Japan - No. 62-081362. 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hydraulic Valve Assembly for Controlling An Hydraulic Cylinder. Germany -No. P3709900,0. 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hydraulic Valve Assembly for Controlling An Hydraulic Cylinder. Japan -No. 62-164126. 1987.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hydraulic Valve Assembly for Controlling An Hydraulic Cylinder. United Kingdom - No. 2,194,309. 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exercise Apparatus. Canada - No. 1,279,669. 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exercise Bar Acting Against Hydraulic Cylinder. W. Germany - No. 3042520. 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exercise Bar Acting Against Hydraulic Cylinder. Canada - No. 1,143,760. 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dynamic Knee Brace. 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Variable Sole Design for Athletic Shoe. 1994.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Exerciser. Canada - No. 1,143,760. 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Scientific publications.

paragraph: Publications related to anabolic steroids

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anabolic steroid: the physiological effects of placebos. Track Technique, 46: 1470-1472, 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Athletes taking placebo for steroids improve. Track and Field News, 1971.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Effect of anabolic steroids on reflex components. Journal of Applied Physiol, 32: 795-797, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anabolic steroids: The physiological effects of placebos. Medicine and Science, 4: 124-126, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anabolic steroids and muscle contractile force. Track Technique, 48: 1534-1536, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The effects of anabolic steroid (Methandrostenolene) upon physiological parameters. Athletic Training, 7: 190-200, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Residual effect of an anabolic steroid upon isotonic muscular force. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anabolic steroids - a summary of related literature. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 73: 48-58, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anabole steride: die physiologischen wirkungen von placebos. Leis ungssport, 1.73: 52-55, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anabole steroid und die muskelkontraktionskraft. Leistungssport, 1.73: 55-57, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The effect of anabolic steroid upon skeletal muscle force. J Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 13: 187-190, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The effect of anabolic steroids on muscular force. Track & Field Quarterly Review, 73: 184-191, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prolonged effects of anabolic steroid upon muscular contractile force. Medicine and Science in Sports, 6: 62-64, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Physiologische wirkungen von anabolen steoriden. pp. 154–155. Verlag Bartels & Wernitz KG. 1974.

paragraph: Publications related to athletic shoe design

paragraph: BULLET::::- The biomechanics of athletic shoe design. Medicine and Science in Sports. 7: 78 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of athletic shoe. V International Congress of Biomechanics Abstracts, P 5, Jyvaskyla, Finland, 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Athletic shoe design. Modern Athlete and Coach, 15: 7-9, 1977.

paragraph: Publications related to athletics

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of the world pole vault. Proceedings to the Scientific Congress, Munich Olympic Games, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computer analysis of track biomechanics. Track Technique, 50: 1597-1598, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of track and field athletes utilized by the Olympic Training Camp for throwing events. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 72: 99-103, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of the world pole vault. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 72: 217-222, 1972.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanical analysis of the shot-put utilizing the center of gravity displacement. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 73: 207-210, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Analusis biomecanico de los mejores lanzadores do peso mundiales procesado mediante ordenador (2. parte). 1973 Madrid Congresos VI - I T F C A, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of the world's best shot-putters. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 73: 199-206, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Die biomechanische bewegungsanalyse mit hilfe des computers. Leistungssport, 4: 301-308, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance. Mechanics and Sport. pp. 267–275. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computer application biomechanical analysis of human performance in sport and industry. Canadian Congress of Sport and Physical Activity, Abstracts, October: 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomekaaninen liikeanalyysi tietokoneella. Yleis-Urheilu, 9: 4-9, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of the knee joint during deep knee bend with heavy load. Fourth International Seminar on Biomechanics Volume IV. 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Javelin throw: computer biomechanical analysis. Track Technique, 54: 1726-1928, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Analysis biomecanico de los mejores lanzadores do peso mundiales procesado mediante ordenador (1. parte). 1973 Madrid Congresos VI - I T F C A, 1973.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanische analysen sprtlicher bewegungsablaufe mit hilfe von computen. Olympische Analysen. pp. 147–149. Verlag Bartels & Wernitz KG. 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Understanding the scientific basis behind our Universal Centurion. 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance. XXth World Congress in Sports Medicine Handbook, Melbourne, Australia, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance. Athletic Journal, 54: 54-84, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Method for biomechanical analysis of human performance. Research Quarterly, 45: 72-79, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of the world pole vault record. Sport in the Modern World. pp. 310–312. Springer - Verlag. 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Principios del movimiento balistico en los ejercicios contra resistencia. Stadium, 52: 8-10, 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance. Biomechanics of Sport. pp. 228–229. 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance. XXth World Congress in Sports Medicine, Congress Proceedings, 71-79, 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Principles of ballistic motion in resistance exercise training. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 75: 58-61, 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of throwers at the 1975 Olympic Javelin Camp. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 76: 45-50, 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The ultimate in high jump performance. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 77: 59-61, 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanical analysis of ballistic vs. tracking movements in tennis skills. Proceedings of a National Symposium on The Racquet Sports, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 105-123, 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computer use for biomechanical analysis, data acquisition, and human-machine interface. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Volume III: 470-475, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanical analysis of shot putting. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 79: 27-37, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanical analysis of javelin throw. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 80: 9-17, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanical analysis of hammer throw. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 80: 41-51, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanical aspects of Olympic sports medicine. Clinics in Sports Medicine. pp. 31–36. W.B. Sauders Company. 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biofeedback and biomechanics in athletic training. Biofeedback and Sports Science. pp. 107–145. Plenum Publishing Corp.. 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Body mechanics. In: Injuries to the Throwing Arm from the Proceedings of the National Conference Sponsored by the U S O C Sports Medicine Council, Philadelphia, 3-21, 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Body aerodynamics: contribution to long jump performance. Track & Field Quarterly Review, 92: 11-13, 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two world's best long jumps: comparative biomechanical analysis. Track & Field Quarterly Review, 92: 6-10, 1992.

paragraph: Publications related to exercise equipment

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanical consideration in the design and construction of resistance exercise equipment. Proceedings of the 1st Annual Meeting, the Canadian Society for Biomechanics University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 25-34, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shear and compression forces in the knee joint during deep knee bend. XXth World Congress in Sports Medicine Handbook, Melbourne, Australia, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance: an application for exercise equipment design and athletic performance. Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report Uni-1, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of the bench press and the leg press exercises. Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report Uni-2, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Variable resistance exercise: a biomechanical approach to muscular training. Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report Uni-3, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Intra-articular shearing factor during resistance exercises. Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report Uni-4, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Principles of ballistic motion in resistance exercise training. Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report Uni-5, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Resistance exercise and muscle fiber typing. Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report Uni-3, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Physical education: 2001?. Quest, XX!: 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized biomechanical analysis of the variable resistance exercise machine. Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report Uni-7, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Assessment of muscular performance. Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report Uni-8, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Principles of ballistic motion in resistive exercise training. Scholastic Coach, 43: 80-108, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Understanding the scientific bases behind variable resistance exercises. Fresno: Universal Athletic Sales, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Intra-articular forces and stresses in the knee joint during the deep-knee bend. Medicine and Science in Sports. 6: 73 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comparative conditioning analysis. Fresno: Universal Athletic Corp, 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanical analysis of the knee joint during deep knee bend with heavy load. XXth World Congress in Sports Medicine, Congress Proceedings, 53-60, 1975.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Neural control of locomotion - a kinetic analysis of the trot in cats. Neural Control of Locomotion. pp. 759–762. Plenum Publishing Corp.. 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized dynamic resistive exercise. Abstracts of The International Congress of Physical Activity Sciences, Quebec City, Canada, 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized dynamic resistive exercise. Biomechanics of Sports and Kinanthropometry. The International Congress of Physical Activity Sciences, 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Equipment Safety and Effectiveness. Therapeutics Through Exercise. pp. 197–201. Grune & Stratton,Inc.. 1979.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Human movement analysis. Applied Ergonomics, 11: 61-62, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Resistive Training. Clinics in Sports Med, 2: 55-69, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Resistive training. Clinics in Sports Medicine. pp. 55–70. W.B. Saunders Company. 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mechanics of Exercise Fitness. Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation. pp. 387–392. John Wiley & Sons. 1988.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanics. Scientific Foundations of Sports Medicine. pp. 271–297. B.C. Decker, Inc.. 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Ariel Performance Analysis System. SPIE, 1356: 76-78, 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A study to determine the aerobic adaptation to work and fatigue training modes on the Ariel CES Multifunction Station. 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanics of Exercise Fitness. Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation; Volume 1; John G. Webster; John Willey & Sons, Inc. pp. 384–403, 2006.

paragraph: Section::::Popular media.

paragraph: Section::::Popular media.:Books.

paragraph: Gideon Ariel has authored two books detailing the events of his life and career. The book titled "The Oasis of Dreams, the Legend of Hadassim" reflects on events that transpired in Hadassim, Israel, a kibbutz that incorporated a unique educational system for children.

paragraph: In his autobiography titled "The Discus Thrower and His Dream Factory", Ariel describes how one single throw of a discus in a competitive event saved him from a life as a juvenile delinquent and set him on the path to become a biomechanist.

paragraph: Section::::Popular media.:Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Esquire's Olympics Preview: How to know A perfect performance when you see one. Esquire, 66, 1976. Astor, G.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Can the computer create superstars?. New England Sports Guide, July, 1976. Cole, M.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. Ariel's revolutionary computerized biomechanics. Track & Field News, December, 1977. Hersh, B.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Want a better athlete? Now scientists can build you one. Us, May, 1977. Moore, G.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gideon and his magic machine. Sports Illustrated, August, 1977. Moore, K.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In search of the optimal sprint. The New Englander, May, 1977. Rutstein, N.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The perfect swing. Golf, October, 1978. Barkow, A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computer helps design shoe that walks on air. Daily Hampshire Gazette, August, 1978. Cole, M.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computerized footwear. Canadian Footwear Journal, August, 1978. Lloyd, S.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Can computers teach tennis. World Tennis, March, 1979. Amdur, N.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anything you can do, computer whiz Gideon Ariel can help you do better. People, September, 1979. Kessler, J.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Can computers win gold medals?. New Scientist, July, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The high priest of biomechanics. USAir Magazine, October, 1980. Barkow, A.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanics in the service of athletes. Olympic Review, May, 1980. Coffrant, F.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Future shoe. The Runner, March, 1980. Conniff, J.

paragraph: BULLET::::- My coach, the computer. Miami Herald, Sports Extra, March, 1980. Gustkey, E.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winners. OMNI, July, 1980. Mazur, S.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sports scientists train athletes to defy old limits. Smithsonian, July, 1980. Stuller, J.

paragraph: BULLET::::- California dreaming'. The Olympian, May, 1981. Brassey, L.

paragraph: BULLET::::- No winning through witchcraft here. Express, July, 1981. King, P.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A laboratory for jocks. Discover, February, 1981. Schechter, B.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MODE: Sports. Sky-Delta Airlines Magazine, July, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leap ahead with biomechanics. Science Now, 1, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anatomy of a motion. Passages, 1982. Bernstein, P.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sports - Coto Research Center: athletics goes digital. PSA Magazine, May, 1982. Bisheff, S.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The human machine. Science Digest, June, 1982. Kluger, J.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gideon Ariel reigns over biomechanics Xanadu. Sportstyle, January, 1982. Leivenberg, R.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coached by computer. 321 Contact, October, 1982. Lyons, M.

paragraph: BULLET::::- No fault tennis calls. Discover, December, 1982. McKean, K.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biomechanics - how computers extend athletic performance to the body's far limits. Popular Science, January, 1982. Ruby, D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Electronics in action. American Way, November, 1982. Stewart, D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computer picture show. National Geographic World, December, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computer - the games robots play are revolutionizing tactics and training. Sports Mirror, August, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The man behind the computer of the U.S. Olympic Sports Medicine Committee - person to person. Scholastic Coach, January, 1983.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coaching Olympians by computer. Body in Motion, October/November, 1983. Walker, P.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The future of exercise equipment. National Trade Fitness Journal, Winter, 1983. Yessis, M.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Computer-built champions. Sports & Leisure, November/December, 1984.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Go for the gold. A+ Magazine, August, 1984. Barry, D.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The world according to Gideon. Sportswise, September/October, 1984. Condor, B.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muscles by micro. Coaching Review, January, 1984. Gates, R.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The sporting life - dynamic duo Vic Braden and Gideon Ariel. Gentry, February, 1984. Handy, H.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Getting as fit as an Olympian. Family Computing, August, 1984. Pantiel, M. and Peterson, B.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympic coaching by computer. In Cider, April, 1984. Sheldon, K.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Enter the computerized competitor. World of Sports, July, 1984. Slon, S.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Touch of gold. Enter, July/August, 1984. Wilson, K.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The high-tech swing. Polo, May, 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Huffy Project: using computers to build faster BMX'ers. BMX Action, June, 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Body building goes high-tech. IEEE Spectrum, May, 1985. Fischett, M.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The acrobatics of human motion. Orange Coast, August, 1985. Jacobs, C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ultra sports. OMNI, August, 1985. Teich, M., and Weintraub P.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The athlete of the future. Los Angeles Times Magazine, March 19, 1989. Loverock, P.

paragraph: Section::::Popular media.:Television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- High Tech and Sport on Good Morning America with David Hartmen.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Long Jump Analysis and Comparison Between Carl Lewis and Bob Beamon on 20/20 with Dick Schapp.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Black Athlete: Fact and Fiction and NBC Special with Tom Brokaw.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Future Sport a 13-week program originally aired on ESPN.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Future Watch on CNN, January, 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: In 2012, Gideon Ariel was awarded the Geoffrey Dyson Award at the ISBS 2012 Conference.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ariel Dynamics Inc.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Letterman with Dr. Gideon Ariel

wikidata_label: Gideon Ariel

wikipedia_title: Gideon Ariel


text:
FRSE
Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Dr James Duncan
High School in Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh
MD
James Syme
Royal Society of Edinburgh
John Hutton Balfour
Edinburgh Royal Infirmary
Dr Henry Alexis Thomson
Isle of Skye
Dean Cemetery
William James Stuart

categories: Presidents of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh,People from Edinburgh,Scottish surgeons,1839 births,Academics of the University of Edinburgh,1899 deaths,19th-century Scottish medical doctors,Alumni of the University of Edinburgh

paragraph: John Duncan (surgeon)

paragraph: Dr John Duncan FRSE LLD (1839-1899) was a Scottish surgeon who served as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 1889 to 1891. On his father's death in 1866 he took over as director of the major drug manufacturer Duncan Flockhart & Co.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born on 18 August 1839 the son of Dr James Duncan then residing at 7 Dundas Street. He studied at the High School in Edinburgh then studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He graduated MA and received his MD in 1862. Part of his early training was under James Syme.

paragraph: In 1866 he inherited his father's house at 12 Heriot Row. In 1870 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being John Hutton Balfour. From 1875 he was assistant surgeon at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary being promoted to Senior Surgeon in 1887. He also served on the Board of Managers for the Infirmary. In 1890 Dr Henry Alexis Thomson worked with him as his assistant. He retired as a surgeon in 1895, that being the usual practice at the time.

paragraph: His Edinburgh home was 8 Ainslie Place on the exclusive Moray Estate in western Edinburgh.

paragraph: He died at Kinloch on the Isle of Skye on 24 August 1899, a few days after his 60th birthday. He is buried with his parents and wife on "Lord's Row" on the western wall of Dean Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His wife Jemima (1841-1885) died aged 44. Their daughter Eliza Alexandra Duncan died in 1943 aged 74.

paragraph: He was the uncle to William James Stuart (1874-1859).

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angioma and Other Papers"

description: Scottish surgeon

wikidata_label: John Duncan

wikipedia_title: John Duncan (surgeon)


text:
Heidelberg University
Hanover school of architecture
Dietrich Eckart
Reform Judaism
Kristallnacht
Emil Schorsch
Theresienstadt
Minsk

paragraph: Samuel Freund

paragraph: Samuel Freund (Born September 24, 1868 in Gleiwitz, Germany; Died June 28, 1939 in Hannover, Germany) was the senior rabbi of Hannover and the "Landrabbiner" for the German state of Lower Saxony.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The son of businessman Isidor Freund and his wife Caecilia, Samuel Freund studied philosophy at the University of Breslau from 1887 to 1890 while also completing his rabbinical training at Breslau's Jewish Theological Seminary. Freund continued his studies in philosophy at Heidelberg University, where he received his doctorate in 1892. Freund served as rabbi in smaller congregations in Czarnikau, and then Ostrowo, where he met and married Minna Feilchenfeld.

paragraph: In 1907, Samuel Freund took a position as the junior rabbi of Hannover, where he ran the religious schools. The Romanesque synagogue in the center of Hannover served as the focal point of the city's Jewish community. Designed by Edwin Oppler of the Hanover school of architecture and completed in 1870, the building was the first large, free-standing synagogue in Germany.

paragraph: During World War I, Freund enlisted in the army and served as clergy in German combat units. Returning from the war in 1918, Samuel Freund assumed the position of senior rabbi of Hannover.

paragraph: Section::::The Eckart Affair.

paragraph: In 1921, Samuel Freund took a leading role in the German Jewish community's response to the anti-Semitic charges of Dietrich Eckart, editor of "Auf Gut Deutsch." Eckart, looking to spread the calumny that Jews had not contributed to the German war effort during World War I, offered a prize of 1,000 marks for proof that even a single Jewish family had sent three sons into the army to fight for more than three weeks.

paragraph: "Rabbi Freund of Hannover immediately gave him a list of twenty families in his own community who sent three sons into the trenches for three weeks and more. Dr. Freund also presented a list of 50 families from various communities, some of which sent seven and eight sons to the trenches and had lost three sons in the service of their country."

paragraph: Eckart refused to pay the 1,000 marks. The Patriotic League of Jewish Frontline Veterans brought a lawsuit against him and, in 1924, they prevailed. Ordered by a German court to pay 1,000 marks to the Jewish veterans group, Eckart complied.

paragraph: Section::::Landrabbiner.

paragraph: In 1924, while continuing his work as a local rabbi, Samuel Freund became "Landrabbiner" of Hannover. "Landrabbiners" were elected by the communities they represented, but they were officers of the state and could not be removed from office without the consent of the German government. Specifically, the "Landrabbiner" of Hannover was charged with supervising all publicly funded employees working in synagogues, Jewish schools, and Jewish charitable institutions throughout the German state of Lower Saxony. Samuel Freund was the last to ever hold the office of Hannover "Landrabbiner" and remained "Landrabbiner" until his death.

paragraph: Freund was not just an officer in the "Landrabbinat Hannover" but also a student of the institution. In 1937, Freund published "Ein Vierteljahrtausend Hannoversches Landrabbinat, 1687–1937 : Zur 250 jährigen Wiederkehr seiner Begründung dargestellt", a 20-page pamphlet on the history of, and rationale for, the office.

paragraph: During Freund's time as rabbi and "Landrabbiner", Hannover's Jewish population reached its peak of 5,521 members (1925), making the Hannover Jewish community the tenth largest in Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Liberal Judaism, German Patriotism, and Zionism.

paragraph: Freund was a rabbi in the Liberal Jewish tradition. Liberal Judaism in Germany, comparable to early 20th Century American Reform Judaism, was less traditional than German Neo-Orthodox Judaism. Specifically, Liberal Judaism rejected (while the Neo-Orthodox accepted) the authority of rabbinical courts over the personal conduct of German Jews.

paragraph: By the end of the 19th Century, most Jews in Germany were members of Liberal or Neo-Orthodox congregations. Both traditions emphasized the religious and cultural aspects of Judaism, while rejecting any claims about Jewish nationalism distinct from their identity as German citizens. Many leaders in the Liberal Jewish community fought for Germany in the first World War, and they emphasized the compatibility of Judaism with German patriotism.

paragraph: Samuel Freund, as a patriotic German, opposed the Zionist movement, which was gaining strength in Germany in the 1920s. German Zionists saw Judaism as a national identity first and foremost, albeit one with no physical country to call home. According to German Zionist leaders, it was not possible logically, and psychologically, to be both a Jew and a true member of any other nation. They viewed emigration to Palestine, and the establishment of a Jewish state there, as the only long-term solution to anti-Semitism and the only way for Jews to truly belong to a nation.

paragraph: Opinions differed within the Freund family as well. Two of Samuel Freund's three adult children - Eduard and Lisa - moved to Palestine in the mid-1930s (Julius, the youngest sibling, moved 1938 to southern California). Samuel Freund visited his children in Palestine on two occasions, the last time in 1937. Each time, Freund chose to return to his congregation in Germany.

paragraph: Section::::Kristallnacht and the destruction of the Hannover Jewish community.

paragraph: Nazi paramilitary forces burned, then dynamited, the Hannover synagogue on November 9, 1938, Kristallnacht, reducing it to rubble. That night, Nazi authorities also arrested the junior rabbi of Hannover, Emil Schorsch, and sent him to Buchenwald concentration camp. German authorities later presented Freund's office with a bill for 26,000 reichsmarks (the current equivalent of $150,000 US) for the synagogue's demolition and clean-up costs.

paragraph: Samuel Freund spent the last six months of his life tending to his congregation and trying to secure passage out of Germany for his wife and himself. Freund's health was poor, and in late June 1939 he died of heart failure, and was buried in the Jewish cemetery on the Strangriede in Hannover.

paragraph: In December 1941, the Nazis began, in earnest, to move all of Hannover's Jews to concentration camps. Samuel Freund's wife, Minna, was sent to Theresienstadt on July 23, 1942.

paragraph: The "Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Hannover", constructed in 1994, lists the names of the 1,935 Hannoverian Jews known to have perished in the Holocaust. The 454th name on the memorial is Minna Freund. She was murdered by the Nazis in Minsk.

paragraph: The city of Hannover named the street "Freundallee" in Samuel Freund's honor.

description: German rabbi

wikidata_label: Samuel Freund

wikipedia_title: Samuel Freund


text: Spanish

text: Philippines

text: Madrid

text: Hebert

text: Salamanca

text: Plaza Mayor

text: Jean Poujade

text: José Oliván

text: Manila

text: Conde Duque Palace

text: Juan Guardiola

paragraph: Francisco Pertierra

paragraph: Francisco Pertierra was a Spanish photographer of the 19th century who established in the Philippines. He became one of the first professional photographers of that country.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Francisco Pertierra started at photography in Madrid, where he was scholar of Hebert. He got a studio at 1864, exactly on 13 Barcelona Street.

paragraph: Few years later, he was moved to Salamanca, where he opened a studio, despite of that success was out of time and with undesirable conditions. However, he was the first photographer with a studio in that Castilian city, at the first time in the core of the Plaza Mayor. Later, he would make to competition to the French photographer Jean Poujade. Finally, different troubles caused him to transfer his studio to José Oliván and left the city. In 1885, Pertierra arrives to Manila (Philippines), where he established a new studio at 2nd Carriedo Street.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Furthermore, than working at the studio, Pertierra started to making publications of Madrid and he began to introduce at cinema, on he was one of the pioneer of the 7th art on Philippines.

paragraph: Section::::Expositions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006. Filipiniana, an opened looking to the past & present of the Philippines, by the first time in Spain. Conde Duque Palace

paragraph: Section::::Books (selection).

paragraph: His workings can see on a lot of books & articles about Philippines:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The colonial imaginary – Photography on Philippines during Spanish period (1860-98)", from Juan Guardiola.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fotografía en Filipinas durante el siglo XIX

paragraph: BULLET::::-

wikidata_label: Francisco Pertierra

wikipedia_title: Francisco Pertierra


text:
oboist
composer
Glauchau
Thomasschule zu Leipzig
Johann Sebastian Bach
Rudolstadt
Weimar
Hannover
Kassel
Hofkapelle
Copenhagen
Johann Gottlieb Naumann
Frederik Philip Carl August
Christian Frederik

categories: Male oboists,1735 births,People from Glauchau,German classical composers,18th-century German composers,German male classical composers,1809 deaths,German classical oboists,18th-century classical composers,German Classical-period composers,18th-century German people

paragraph: Christian Samuel Barth

paragraph: Christian Samuel Barth (13 January 1735 – 8 July 1809) was a German oboist and composer of the classical period.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Christian Samuel Barth was born in Glauchau, as the son of the merchant George Samuel Barth. He studied at the Thomasschule zu Leipzig, where he was educated by Johann Sebastian Bach. As an oboist, Barth worked from 1753 in the court orchestra in Rudolstadt, from 1762 in Weimar, from 1768 in Hannover and from 1772 in Kassel. Finally, in 1786, he became a member of the "Hofkapelle" at the royal court in Copenhagen, which was then briefly under the direction of Johann Gottlieb Naumann. On account of his age and infirmity, he was relieved from his duties in 1798 and received an annual pension of 500 "Reichsthaler" until his death in 1809.

paragraph: Barth's two sons, Frederik Philip Carl August (1774-1804) and Christian Frederik (1787-1861), having been taught by their father, both became virtuoso performers on the oboe as well as composers. The youngest son became renowned as a touring soloist.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: It seems that most of Barth's compositions have been lost. He is known to have composed an Ouverture in E major, op. 18, 4 oboe sonatas, a Cantata "Gelobet seist du Jesu Christ", and at least 4 oboe concertos (lost).

description: German composer

wikidata_label: Christian Samuel Barth

wikipedia_title: Christian Samuel Barth


text:
London
Auckland
New York City
Shift Left
Verve Records
Metalheadz
Jason Cambridge
A-Sides
Phil Asher
Squire For Hire
Marlena Shaw
Damon Albarn
Vanessa Freeman
Rich Medina
Kaidi Thatham
Mike Patto
Mark de Clive Lowe
certified Gold
Impossible Beauty
Life Time
Alan Broadbent
Right Now
Chris Cox
Freestyle Records
Marlena Shaw
Ty
Heaven and Earth
The Poet's Embrace
Warner Classics and Jazz
Vermillion Skies
Tui
5 A Day
Buckinghamshire
Mike Patto
Vanessa Freeman
Kevin Mark Trail
4 Hero
Marc Mac
Grand Central Band
Nathan Haines

paragraph: Nathan Haines

paragraph: Nathan Haines (born 1972) is a New Zealand-born producer/vocalist/saxophonist based between London (since 1995) and his native Auckland .

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Haines was born in 1972 in Takapuna on Auckland's North Shore. His father, Kevin was one of New Zealand's leading jazz bassists and with his guitarist brother Joel, they were playing International Jazz Festivals by the time they were in their early teens. Haines played gigs with Joel across New Zealand, before moving to New York City in 1991 to study jazz music. He returned in 1994 and recorded and released his first solo record Shift Left in April 1995, also released in the UK on the Verve Records label.

paragraph: In 1995 he moved to London. His first release was a co-written 12 inch single on Metalheadz with drum and bass producer Jason Cambridge (DJ name A-Sides) in 1997. The pair had several follow-up singles. In 2000 his first UK based solo record "Sound Travels" produced by Phil Asher was released on the now defunct UK label Chillifunk Records, and in 2003 the follow-up Squire For Hire was released featuring Marlena Shaw, Damon Albarn, Vanessa Freeman, Rich Medina, keyboardists Kaidi Thatham, Mike Patto, Mark de Clive Lowe, and many others, and was certified Gold for album sales in New Zealand. Both albums featured Nathan singing self penned jazz ballads including the popular "Impossible Beauty" featured on "Sound Travels".

paragraph: New Zealand based albums since 2005 have included Life Time recorded with the 100 piece New Zealand Symphony Orchestra with arrangements by ex-pat US based Alan Broadbent, Right Now produced with Chris Cox and released in the UK on Freestyle Records and featuring vocalists Marlena Shaw and Ty, and Heaven and Earth. The straight to analog two-track album The Poet's Embrace recorded in 2013 and released on Warner Classics and Jazz in the UK and Germany was followed up with Vermillion Skies, both of which won the Tui New Zealand Jazz Album of the Year Award. Both albums were released on limited edition vinyl.

paragraph: Haines spent most of 2014 recording 5 A Day in rural Buckinghamshire with writing and production partner Mike Patto. It was released in New Zealand in November 2014 on both CD, download and vinyl formats and features vocalists Vanessa Freeman, Kevin Mark Trail with Mike and Nathan on recording and production duties with drum programming from 4 Hero producer Marc Mac.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand Central Band

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- – official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nathan Haines at AudioCulture

description: New Zealand musician

wikidata_label: Nathan Haines

wikipedia_title: Nathan Haines


href: Italy poet Athens University%20of%20Naples Rome university%20of%20Turin

text:
Italian
poet
Athens
University of Naples
Rome
Turin

paragraph: Arturo Graf

paragraph: Arturo Graf (1848–1913), Italian poet, of German ancestry, was born at Athens.

paragraph: He was educated at the University of Naples and became a lecturer on Italian literature in Rome, till in 1876 he was appointed professor at Turin.

paragraph: He was one of the founders of the "Giornale della letteratura italiana", and his publications include valuable prose criticism; but he is best known as a poet. His various volumes of verse--"Poesie e novelle" (1874), "Dopo il tramonto versi" (1893), etc. gave him a high place among the lyrical writers of his country.

description: Italian poet

wikidata_label: Arturo Graf

wikipedia_title: Arturo Graf


text:
educator
New York African Free School
New Jersey
New York African Free School
New York Manumission Society
Underground Railroad

categories: 19th-century African-American activists,1754 births,Activists for African-American civil rights,History of civil rights in the United States,18th-century African-American activists,People from New Jersey,African-American abolitionists,1815 deaths,African-American educators

paragraph: John Teasman

paragraph: John Teasman (1754 – 1815) was a noted American educator whose appointment as the principal of the New York African Free School (NYAFS) in 1799 was an inspiration to other black educators and to the students whose lives he touched.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: John Teasman was born in New Jersey. Although there is not much recorded information about his early life he began his career as a black educator at the New York African Free School in 1797 and he was eventually appointed by the New York Manumission Society, to the position of principal. A major objective of the New York Manumission Society was to make free blacks "useful members of the community."

paragraph: The African Free School began with 12 students and enrollment in the school grew rapidly. Although the student population increased, faculty salaries did not. Raising money to pay teachers was a continuing problem. In order to supplement his modest salary, Teasman began an evening school for adults. Teasman worked at the NYAFS for 10 years and under his tutelage, attendance improved by 30%.

paragraph: Teasman was the first black educator to experiment with the Lancasterian method. Utilizing this method, one teacher was assisted by older students (usually called "monitors") and could instruct up to hundreds of children at a time. The Lancasterian method dramatically reduced the cost of education, which made it attractive to charitable organizations during the early 19th century.

paragraph: Eventually, Teasman was dismissed from his position as principal of the New York African Free School. The apparent reason for dismissal was that Teasman was unwilling to closely follow the objectives set by the trustees of the school. After leaving the NYAFS, he and his wife founded an independent school.

paragraph: Teasman was politically active and encouraged other members of the African-American community to become involved and to volunteer in their communities. Along with some of the students who attended the New York African Free School, Teasman helped create the New York African Society for Mutual Relief. It is believed that this group was involved in running a station for the Underground Railroad. The society provided health insurance and death benefits for its members. Teasman also helped organize celebrations in the black community, which caused some people to argue against large numbers of blacks assembling and celebrating in New York.

paragraph: John Teasman died in 1815.

description: American activist

wikidata_label: John Teasman

wikipedia_title: John Teasman


text: Major League Baseball

text: Digby, Nova Scotia

text: infielder

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: Brighton, Massachusetts

text: Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame

text: SABR Biographical Project

categories: Baseball people from Nova Scotia,London Cockneys players,Major League Baseball players from Canada,Geneva Alhambras players,Columbus Buckeyes players,Minor league baseball managers,Worcester Ruby Legs players,Buffalo Bisons (NL) players,Rochester Browns players,19th-century baseball players,Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States,Springfield (minor league baseball) players,Utica (minor league baseball) players,People from Digby County, Nova Scotia,Binghamton Crickets (1870s) players,Fitchburg (minor league baseball) players,Louisville Eclipse players,Pittsburgh Alleghenys players,Erie Blackbirds players,St. Paul Saints (Western League) players,Canadian people of British descent,Washington Statesmen players,Providence Grays (minor league) players,Boston Beaneaters players,1856 births,Cleveland Blues (NL) players,Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame inductees,Fort Wayne (minor league baseball) players,Batavia Giants players,Omaha Lambs players,Binghamton Crickets (1880s) players,Philadelphia Athletics (AA) players,Binghamton Bingoes players,Toronto Canucks players,1927 deaths,Cincinnati Reds (1876–80) players,Atlanta Firecrackers players,Major League Baseball second basemen

paragraph: Pop Smith

paragraph: Charles Marv "Pop" Smith (October 12, 1856 – April 18, 1927) was a Canadian Major League Baseball player from Digby, Nova Scotia, Canada. Pop played as an infielder for ten different teams over his 12-year career, spanning from to .

paragraph: On April 17, 1890, Smith became the first player to come up to the plate 6 times and not have an official-at-bat. He received 5 walks and was a hit by the pitcher in the remaining at-bat.

paragraph: Smith died in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 70, and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Brighton, Massachusetts.

paragraph: In 2005, Charles "Pop" Smith was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- SABR Biographical Project

description: Major League Baseball player

wikidata_label: Pop Smith

wikipedia_title: Pop Smith


text: Udon Thani diocese

text: Catholic Institute of Paris

text: Benedict XVI

text: George Yod Phimphisan

text: C.Ss.R.

categories: 1962 births,Living people,Thai Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Joseph Luechai Thatwisai

paragraph: Joseph Luechai Thatwisai (born December 2, 1962, ; ) is appointed Roman Catholic Bishop of Udon Thani diocese.

paragraph: Joseph Luechai Thatwisai was ordained a priest in 1990. He obtains a pontifical degree in Scripture and was professor of biblical theology at Thailand's Saeng Tham National Major Seminary from 2000 to 2006. Afterwards he earned a PhD in biblical studies at the Catholic Institute of Paris. Since 2008 he was secretary of the Thai bishops’ Catholic Commission for the Bible commission.

paragraph: Pope Benedict XVI made the episcopal appointment on November 14, 2009. He was ordained a bishop by his predecessor, Bishop George Yod Phimphisan, C.Ss.R., on February 6, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Luechai Thatwisai on "catholic-hierarchy.org"

description: Thai bishop

wikidata_label: Joseph Luechai Thatwisai

wikipedia_title: Joseph Luechai Thatwisai


text:
Australian rules football
Richmond Football Club
St Kilda Football Club
Australian Football League
Richmond Football Club
2004 AFL Draft
Coburg
Coburg
Essendon
Dreamtime at the 'G
Richmond
2006 NAB Rising Star award
St Kilda

categories: 1986 births,Gippsland Power players,Coburg Football Club players,Sandringham Football Club players,Richmond Football Club players,St Kilda Football Club players,Living people,Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

paragraph: Dean Polo

paragraph: Dean Polo (born 5 August 1986) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club and the St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:2005–2010: Career with Richmond.

paragraph: Polo was drafted by the Richmond Football Club with the 20th selection in the 2004 AFL Draft.

paragraph: In his first season at Richmond in 2005, Polo initially struggled with the move from a small country town to the "big city", and was dropped to the Coburg reserves early on in the season. However, in the second half of the season his performances earned him a promotion to the Coburg seniors, where his performances continued to improve to the point where he was considered a possibility to debut for Richmond towards the end of the 2005 season.

paragraph: After starring for Coburg in the early part of the 2006 season, Polo made his AFL debut in Round 6 against Essendon in the "Dreamtime at the 'G" game. He starred in the game, collecting 28 disposals and kicking three goals, helping Richmond beat their arch-rivals Essendon. Polo was rewarded with the Yiooken Award for his best-on-ground performance and was also nominated for the 2006 NAB Rising Star award.

paragraph: In 2010 Polo was banned by the club for one week following a drunken incident in a Sydney hotel. This only added to the pain of Richmond's previously-winless start to the season. On 14 October 2010 he was delisted by the Tigers after 56 senior games in his six seasons at the club.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.:2011–2012: Career with St Kilda.

paragraph: On 18 November 2010, Polo was drafted by St Kilda for the 2011 season. He played 15 games and kicked 6 goals in his first season at the Saints.

paragraph: Polo was delisted by St Kilda after the 2012 season.

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Dean Polo

wikipedia_title: Dean Polo


text:
Magnus III of Norway
Niels of Denmark
de facto
English
Inge the Elder
Helena
dowry
Västergötland
Saint Olav
minted
coin
Christina
Catherine
niece Ingrid
niece Ingeborg
Theobald of Étampes
Caen
Ulvhild
Inge the Younger
Magnus I of Sweden
Harrison, Dick
Margareta Fredkulla

categories: 11th-century Danish people,12th-century Danish people,1080s births,Norwegian royal consorts,Danish royal consorts,12th-century Norwegian people,11th-century Danish women,Swedish princesses,11th-century Norwegian people,12th-century Swedish people,Regents of Denmark,11th-century Norwegian women,11th-century Swedish women,1130 deaths,12th-century Danish women,12th-century Swedish women,11th-century Swedish people

paragraph: Margaret Fredkulla

paragraph: Margaret Fredkulla (1080s – 4 November 1130) was a Swedish princess who became successively queen of Norway and Denmark by marriage to kings Magnus III of Norway and Niels of Denmark. She was also "de facto" regent of Denmark. She is known as "Margareta Fredkulla" in Sweden, "Margret Fredskolla" in Norway and "Margrete Fredkulla" in Denmark. An English exonym is "Margaret Colleen-of-Peace".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Margaret was born a royal princess as one of four children of King Inge the Elder of Sweden and Queen Helena. The exact year of birth and place of birth is not recorded.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Queen of Norway.

paragraph: In 1101, she was married to King Magnus of Norway. The marriage had been arranged as a part of the peace treaty between Sweden and Norway. She was often referred to as Margaret Fredkulla (Margaret the Maiden of Peace). She brought with her large fiefs and areas in Sweden as her dowry, probably in Västergötland. In 1103, she was made widow after two years of marriage, and soon left Norway. The marriage was childless. Her departure from Norway was seen as an insult by the Norwegians who expected her to stay, and she was accused of having stolen the holy relics of Saint Olav.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Queen of Denmark.

paragraph: In 1105, she married King Niels of Denmark. Niels was made king in 1104, but he was described as a passive monarch who lacked the capacity to rule and who left the affairs of the state to his queen. With his blessing, Margaret governed Denmark. She is described as a wise ruler, and the relationship between Denmark and her birth country Sweden was very peaceful during her time as queen. It was said that: "Styrelsen beroede for størstedelen paa den ædle dronning Margrete, saa at fremmede sagde, at Danmarks styrelse laa i kvindehaand" ("The rule was so much dependant on the noble Queen Margaret, that foreigners remarked that the rule of Denmark lay in a woman's hand"). She minted her own coins, something unique for a queen consort of this time. The Danish coins printed during this period bears the inscription: "Margareta-Nicalas" ("Margaret-Niels").

paragraph: Her father, king Inge the Elder, died in 1110, and was succeeded on the Swedish throne by his nephews. Her elder sister, Christina, lived in Russia, and was in Sweden counted as too far away to be given a share in the inheritance of their father, leaving only Margaret and her younger sister Catherine among the sisters as heirs. It is known that Margaret shared her inheritance with her niece Ingrid in Norway, and her niece Ingeborg in Denmark, giving each one-fourth.

paragraph: In 1114, Margaret was sent a letter by Theobald of Étampes ("Theobaldus Stampensis") thanking her for a liberality to the Church of Caen.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: After her death in 1130, King Niels married Queen dowager Ulvhild of Sweden. Margaret's lands in Sweden became a base for her son, Magnus when he claimed the throne of Sweden through her. When Margaret's first cousin King Inge the Younger died, Magnus claimed the throne as the eldest grandson of King Inge the Elder and reigned as King Magnus I of Sweden.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: Queen Margaret had two children with King Niels:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inge Nielsen (died as a child)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magnus I of Sweden (born about 1106)

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harrison, Dick "Gud vill det – Nordiska korsfarare under medeltiden" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nanna Damsholt "Kvindebilledet i dansk højmiddelalder" (1985)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Margareta Fredkulla

description: Medieval Scandinavian queen

wikidata_label: Margaret Fredkulla

wikipedia_title: Margaret Fredkulla


text:
Algirdas
Grand Duke of Lithuania
Severian Novgorod
Algirdas of Lithuania
Uliana of Tver
pagan
Orthodox
Severian Novgorod
Slavicised
Lithuanian name
Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
Jogaila
Kęstutis
Vytautas
Vilnius
Treaty of Dubysa
Teutonic Knights
Navahrudak
Lida
Union of Krewo
Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
Ostrów Agreement
Zbarazh
Bratslav
Vinnytsia
Liubartas
Principality of Smolensk
Zbaraski
Wiśniowiecki
Woroniecki
Nieswicki
Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki
agnatic
Oleg II of Ryazan
John II "the Iron"
Duke of Racibórz
Volhynia
Sigismund Korybut
Bohemian Crown
Kashin

categories: 14th-century births,15th-century deaths,Gediminids,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Kaributas

paragraph: Kaributas ("Koribut", "Korybut", baptized "Dmitry"; after 1350 – after 1404) was a son of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and reigned in Severian Novgorod until 1393.

paragraph: Kaributas was born some time after 1350 (exact date is unknown) to Algirdas of Lithuania and Uliana of Tver. Born a pagan, around 1380 he was baptised in the Orthodox rite and became the prince of Severian Novgorod. He adopted the Christian name of Dmitry and hence is sometimes referred to as Dmitry Korybut (a combination of his Slavicised Lithuanian name Kaributas and his Christian name). He appeared in politics during the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384) when he supported his brother Jogaila against his uncle Kęstutis and cousin Vytautas. In 1382 he began a rebellion in Severian Novgorod, engaging Kęstutis' forces so that Jogaila could attack and capture lightly guarded Vilnius, capital of the Grand Duchy. He also witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa with the Teutonic Knights.

paragraph: For his service, he was awarded possessions in Navahrudak and Lida. Kaributas continued to support Jogaila: he witnessed the Union of Krewo and fought in the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392). After the Ostrów Agreement, he refused to recognize Vytautas' superiority and was defeated in a battle near Lida in early 1393. Kaributas was imprisoned and stripped of his possessions. However, he was soon released and given Zbarazh, Bratslav, and Vinnytsia. Severian Novgorod was given to Fedor, son of Liubartas. Kaributas appeared last in written sources in 1404 during a military campaign waged by Vytautas against the Principality of Smolensk.

paragraph: Kaributas' male-line descendants included Princes Zbaraski, Wiśniowiecki, Woroniecki, and Nieswicki. Polish king Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki was named Korybut to foreground his agnatic descent from Kaributas.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Kaributas married Princess Anastasia, daughter of Grand Prince Oleg II of Ryazan, with whom he had three daughters and three sons.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Helena (wife of John II "the Iron" Duke of Racibórz),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fedor of Nesvich, Volhynia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sigismund Korybut (a claimant to the Bohemian Crown),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nastasia (wife of Fedor of Kashin)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ivan

description: Son of the Grand Duke of Lithuania

wikidata_label: Kaributas

wikipedia_title: Kaributas


text:
Prince
Wallachia
Ottoman Empire
Alexander Hangerli
Prince
Moldavia
Phanariote
Byzantine
Palaiologos
Sultan
Mehmed IV
Greek
Ypsilantis
Mourousis
Dragoman of the Fleet
Bucharest
Alexander Ypsilantis
Kapudan Pasha
Husein Küçük
Osman Pazvantoğlu
Rumelia
Podul Mogoşoaiei
omen
Văcăreşti Monastery
Saint Sava Monastery
Curtea Nouă
tax
Porte
văcărit
Constantine Mavrocordatos
curse
Gregory V
Patriarch of Constantinople
Orthodox
Metropolitan
Dosiftei Filiti
boyars
Nicolae Brâncoveanu
extortion
torture
Husein Küçük
Selim III
chronicler
Dionisie Eclesiarhul
prostitutes
firman
kapucu
executioner
Moor
postelnic
rayah
para
St Spyridon the New
Zilot Românul
Neagu Djuvara
Humanitas
Constantin C. Giurescu
Editura Pentru Literatură
Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu
Editura Minerva
Editura Dacia

categories: 18th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire,Executed Romanian people,Executed monarchs,Rulers of Wallachia,Dragomans of the Fleet,Year of birth unknown,Phanariotes,1799 deaths

paragraph: Constantine Hangerli

paragraph: Constantine Hangerli (, "Konstantinos Chatzeris"; died 18 February 1799), also written as Constantin Hangerliu, was a Prince of Wallachia, then part of the Ottoman Empire, between 1797 and the time of his death. He was the brother of Alexander Hangerli, who served as Prince of Moldavia in 1807.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and investiture.

paragraph: A Phanariote, Hangerli claimed heritage from the Byzantine family of the Palaiologos. He was married to Doamna Roxana, who survived his death. According to one account, the surname "Hangerli" ("Hanjeri") had been assigned to one of his ancestors by Sultan Mehmed IV, after allegedly saving his life by curing him of a potentially fatal illness. The name was based on the word "handjer", which was indicative of closeness to the Sultan's person. The Hangerlis were related to other high-ranking Greek families, including the Ypsilantis and the Mourousis.

paragraph: After serving as Dragoman of the Fleet, Constantine surprised foreign diplomats through his appointment to the throne in Bucharest, in competition with the much more prestigious Alexander Ypsilantis. He probably owed this rise to the influence of his friend and former associate, Kapudan Pasha Husein Küçük: the latter had been dispatched to quell the rebellion of Osman Pazvantoğlu in Rumelia, and requested that Wallachia be made secure through the investiture of a trustworthy prince.

paragraph: Hangerli reached Bucharest on 4 January 1798, breaking with local custom by entering the city area through Podul Mogoşoaiei, instead of "Calea Şerban Vodă". Bucharesters believed this to be a bad omen, indicative of an "unwise rule". Like all Phanariotes, he stopped at Văcăreşti Monastery to prepare for the official inauguration. For unknown reasons, he stayed in there more than a month, before temporarily settling in the Saint Sava Monastery, where he remained until Curtea Nouă was completely repaired.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:"Hangerli's winter" and conflicts with Husein Küçük.

paragraph: Hangerli increased taxes to a very high level; new fees were created, including a special one for widowers. These measures were prompted by the substantial demands of the Porte, who was faced with Pazvantoğlu's major military successes, as well as by the prince's wish to increase his own revenue.

paragraph: The taxation reached its peak with the re-introduction of the despised "văcărit" tax (per head of cattle owned), which had been dismissed for perpetuity by his predecessor, Constantine Mavrocordatos – Hangerli purchased the lifting of a curse on the latter (cast in 1763) from Gregory V, Patriarch of Constantinople. Despite this, the tax continued to face stiff opposition from the part of Orthodox clergy and Metropolitan Dosiftei Filiti. The boyars also refused to sign the decree, and Hangerli had to bribe four of them (among them Nicolae Brâncoveanu and Cornescu) in order to agree to countersign it; so as to avoid a rebellion against Hangerli, all the boyars were subsequently exempt from this new tax.

paragraph: The early months of 1798, during which princely envoys raided the country while peasants attempted to hide their livestock, became known as "Hangerli's winter". Results of the inventory showed an abundance of cattle, but the population lacked access to currency. As a result, Hangerli enforced extortion through torture (it is probable that several peasants were killed in an attempt to collect their entire possessions – "if they pay, no one will get killed" was supposedly a reply uttered by Hangerli himself).

paragraph: The ensuing war between the Ottomans and Pazvantoğlu brought several defeats for the former, prompting Husein Küçük to take refuge in Bucharest. Fearing the anger of Selim III, he attempted to throw the blame on Hangerli for not having raised enough funds. Catching news of this, the prince tried to intrigue against Küçük, but was disfavored after a coalition of his political adversaries began campaigning against him. According to the chronicler Dionisie Eclesiarhul, Hangerli attempted to buy back Küçük's protection by having him attend a banquet during which prostitutes, disguised and introduced as members of the most powerful boyar families, competed for the pasha's attention.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Execution.

paragraph: On 11 February 1799, the sultan issued a "firman" to execute Hangerli on the spot, and a "kapucu" was dispatched to Bucharest, accompanied by an executioner (whom Dionisie described as "a frightening Moor"). The pair made efforts to travel in secrecy, and, upon their arrival, spent three days in seclusion at the Beilic Inn.

paragraph: Dismissing the warning of his "postelnic" (according to a contemporary account), Hangerli, after being read the "firman", was attacked by the two as he was attempting to call his guards: he was strangled by the Moor, shot twice in the chest and stabbed once by the "kapucu", and finally decapitated. The guards, who stormed in after hearing the shots, were shown the "firman", and could no longer intervene. The "kapucu" displayed Hangerli's head for all witnesses to see, stating: "Here is the dog that ate away the sultan's "rayah"". He then presented it to Roxana, with the words: "Here is the head of your husband".

paragraph: Hangerli's remains were exposed in the palace's courtyard for a few days; a passer-by aimed a para at the severed head, and was recorded saying: "Here, gorge on money" ("Satură-te de bani"). The prince was ultimately buried in the Bucharest church of St Spyridon the New.

paragraph: Zilot Românul, who wrote his verses sometime after, praised Sultan Selim for having "made good out of evil" by "unwittingly deliver[ing] us from the "angarea" [or "angarà", an antiquated word referring to heavy taxes]".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anton Caragea, "Ceasul cel mare al lui Constantin Hangerli" ("Constantin Hangerli's Big Hour"), in "Magazin Istoric", December 2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Neagu Djuvara, "Între Orient şi Occident. Ţările române la începutul epocii moderne" ("Between Orient and Occident. The Romanian Lands at the beginning of the modern era"), Humanitas, Bucharest, 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- Constantin C. Giurescu, "Istoria Bucureştilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre" ("History of Bucharest. From the earliest times until our day"), Editura Pentru Literatură, Bucharest, 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernest Mézière, "Alexandre Handjeri", in "Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours", Tome 23, Firmin Didot, Paris, 1858, p. 290

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu, "Ethymologicum Magnum Romaniae. Dicţionarul limbei istorice şi poporane a românilor (Pagini alese)", Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1970: "Angarà", pp. 330–333

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ştefan Ionescu, "Bucureştii în vremea fanarioţilor" ("Bucharest in the Time of the Phanariotes"), Editura Dacia, Cluj, 1974

description: Prince of Wallachia

wikidata_label: Constantine Hangerli

wikipedia_title: Constantine Hangerli


text:
Arizpe
Yaqui
Yaqui Wars
Occidente State
Mayos
Opatas
Pimas
Buenavista

categories: Yaqui tribe,1833 deaths,Year of birth missing,Yaqui people

paragraph: Juan Banderas

paragraph: Juan Banderas (executed 1833 at Arizpe) was the leader of the Yaqui during part of the Yaqui Wars, specifically from 1825 until 1833.

paragraph: Banderas came to the leadership of the Yaqui when they opened war against Occidente State due to opposition to threats of taxation and ending of their sovereignty. Banderas was able to convince the Mayos, Opatas and Pimas to join in the war against the Mexicans.

paragraph: In 1827 Banderas' forces suffered defeat due to using primarily bows and arrows against the Mexicans guns. Banderas then negotiated a peace in which he was pardoned and made the captain-general of the Yaqui towns.

paragraph: In 1829 Occidente instituted a new plan to tax the Yaqui and also to allot their lands. They also ended the office of captain-general. Banderas decided to wait until he had better weapons to act. By 1832 he had enough guns and gunpowder to feel confident of some success in war with the Mexicans. His force of 1,000 including Opatas under the command of Dolores Gutiérrez was defeated near Buenavista in 1833. He was then captured and executed.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Spicer, Edward H. "Cycles of Conquest". Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1962.

description: Leader of the Yaqui

wikidata_label: Juan Banderas

wikipedia_title: Juan Banderas


text:
Amsterdam
Dutch Golden Age
Jan Abrahamsz Beerstraaten
Anthonie Beerstraaten

categories: Dutch Golden Age painters,1670s deaths,1643 births,Dutch male painters

paragraph: Abraham Beerstraaten

paragraph: Abraham Beerstraaten (1643 in Amsterdam – 1670s), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to the RKD his works are confused with those of Jan Abrahamsz Beerstraaten and Anthonie Beerstraaten, who were probable relatives; Jan Abrahamsz Beerstraaten is sometimes named as his father.

alias:
Abraham Beerstraten
Abraham Bierstaten
Abraham Borrstrantor
Abraham Beerestraeten
Abraham Burstraten
Abraham Bierstraten
Abraham Beerstrate
Abraham Beerestraten
Abrah. Beerstraeten
Abraham Beerstraeten
Beerstrate
Bierstaten
A. Berestrate
Beerestraate
Burstraten
Beerestraten
J. A. Beerstraten
Jan A. Beerstraten
Jan Abrahamsz Beerstraaten
Beerestraeten
Bierstraten
Beerstraten

description: painter from the Northern Netherlands

wikidata_label: Abraham Beerstraaten

wikipedia_title: Abraham Beerstraaten


text:
Antwerp
Haarlem
Dutch Golden Age
Floris van Dyck

categories: 1595 births,Dutch still life painters,Dutch male painters,People from Antwerp,1632 deaths,Dutch Golden Age painters

paragraph: Nicolaes Gillis

paragraph: Nicolaes Gillis (1595, Antwerp – 1632, Haarlem), was a Dutch Golden Age still life painter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: According to the RKD he is known for fruit and flower still lifes and is known as one of the first few painters of the "banketje", or "breakfast still life". He was influenced by Floris van Dyck. He married in Haarlem in 1615 and is documented there up to 1632.

alias:
Claes Gillis
Nicholaes Gillis
Claes Gillisz
nicolaes gilles

description: Dutch Golden Age painter

wikidata_label: Nicolaes Gillis

wikipedia_title: Nicolaes Gillis


text:
National Youth Organisation
Fingal
Comhairle na nÓg
Fingal County Council
Republic of Ireland
Northern Ireland
Junior Chamber International
Dublin
Swords
Today FM
RTÉ
FM104
Northern Ireland Assembly
Stormont, Belfast
Northern Ireland
Clare Daly
Fingal County Council
Mary Harney
TD
Minister for Health
Mary Harney
Republic of Ireland
Galway

categories: Irish activists,People from Swords, Dublin,Living people

paragraph: Aidan McGrath

paragraph: Aidan McGrath is an Irish youth activist. He is the former President of Ireland's National Youth Organisation. He was twice elected to represent his Constituency of Fingal in Ireland's National Youth Parliament, Dáil na nÓg, and was Chairperson of both the Swords Youth Council and the Fingal Comhairle na nÓg. McGrath is a member of both Fingal County Council's General Strategic Policy Committee and the Planning Strategic Policy Committee. In 2010 he was named one of the top Youth Leaders in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland by the National Association of Principals and Deputy Principals and the General Teaching Council for Northern Ireland. McGrath continues to maintain a public profile in the area of political activism, and in 2012 he was named one of the top ten outstanding young people of Ireland by Junior Chamber International.

paragraph: Section::::Education and childhood.

paragraph: McGrath was born in Dublin and educated in Fingal Community College, Swords.

paragraph: Section::::Public appearances.

paragraph: McGrath appeared on Today FM's the Last Word to discuss issues that concerned young people, in particular, the reintroduction of Third Level College Fees. He also appeared on Ireland's National Broadcaster RTÉ (Radío Telifís Éireann) to discuss issues that concerned young people in his capacity as President of the National Youth Organisation. He has appeared on other national radio stations such as FM104 and PhantomFm, again highlighting the views and opinions of young people, in particular, students.

paragraph: Section::::Activism.

paragraph: McGrath, on behalf of the Northern Ireland Assembly contributed advice to a forum held in Stormont, Belfast, which examined the setting up of a Youth Parliament for Northern Ireland's young people. He publicly addressed Northern Irish youth representatives from various communities and provided guidance on the issue.

paragraph: He was active in his own community as Chairperson of the Swords Youth Council and worked alongside Local Councillors, Clare Daly, Tom Kelleher, Anne Devitt and Darragh Butler in an effort to secure funding or a facility for a Youth Café for the young people of Swords. Their efforts received local media attention and support from the Community. He was later appointed to Fingal County Council's General Strategic Policy Committee.

paragraph: McGrath, as part of the steering committee of Ireland's National Youth Parliament, met with Mary Harney, TD and former Minister for Health in an effort to have the cervical cancer vaccine made available free of charge for all 12–18-year-old girls. On Saturday, 16 January, Mary Harney announced that the plan would be implemented.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: In March 2010, McGrath was announced one of the Top Youth Leaders in the Republic of Ireland by the National Association of Principals and Deputy Principals and Pramerica Systems Ireland. He was nominated for the award for developing links between local government and young people, ensuring young people were involved in the decision-making process.

paragraph: In May 2012 he was nominated by JCI Fingal President Joanna Michalski to be named one of the top ten outstanding young people of Ireland. He was youngest nominee of 2012, and attended a ceremony in Cloonacauneen Castle, Galway to accept the award.

description: irish activist

wikidata_label: Aidan McGrath

wikipedia_title: Aidan McGrath


text:
Odo of Burgundy
Matilda II, Countess of Nevers
Château de Druyes
Margaret
Adelaide
Agnes
Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
Philip III of France
Robert II
proximity of blood
John Tristan, Count of Valois
Louis IX of France
Margaret of Provence
dysentery
Tunis
Eighth Crusade
Robert III, Count of Flanders
Louis I
Louis I, Count of Flanders
Robert
Arthur II of Brittany
Henry IV of Bar
Enguerrand IV of Coucy
Seigneur of Coucy

categories: House of Burgundy,13th-century women rulers,Counts of Nevers,House of Dampierre,1280 deaths,13th-century French people,1247 births

paragraph: Yolande II, Countess of Nevers

paragraph: Yolande II or Yolande of Nevers (), (December 1247 – 2 June 1280) was the daughter of Odo of Burgundy, and Matilda II, Countess of Nevers.

paragraph: On the death of her mother in 1262, Yolande, became the titular countess of Nevers, which included the counties of Tonnerre and Auxerre. However, in 1273 the arbitrators at the Parlement de Paris decided that the inheritance would be split among the sisters: Yolande got Nevers and the Château de Druyes, while her sisters Margaret and Adelaide inherited Tonnerre and Auxerre, respectively. Their aunt Agnes received the Bourbon fiefs. Upon the death of her paternal grandfather, Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, in 1272, Yolande and her influential husband, Robert of Flanders claimed the Duchy of Burgundy on the basis of primogeniture, being the first-born child of Hugh's deceased eldest son. Hugh IV, however, in his will named his third son, Robert, as heir to the Duchy while giving other fiefs to his granddaughters. King Philip III of France, one of the arbitrators, decided in favor of her uncle, who thus became Duke Robert II, on the basis of proximity of blood.

paragraph: Her first marriage was to John Tristan, Count of Valois, son of Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence, in June 1265; they had no children, and he died of dysentery in 1270 at Tunis while on the Eighth Crusade.

paragraph: Yolanda then remarried in March 1272 at Auxerre to Robert III, Count of Flanders. Their children were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis I (1272–1322), Count of Nevers and of Réthel. His son was Louis I, Count of Flanders

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert (d. 1331), Seigneur of Marle and of Cassel, married (1323) Joan of Brittany (1294–1364), daughter of Arthur II of Brittany, and Yolande, countess of Montfort, producing:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John, Seigneur of Cassel (d. 1332)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande (1331–1395), married Henry IV of Bar.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan (d. 1333), married in 1288 Enguerrand IV of Coucy (d. 1310), Seigneur of Coucy and Viscount of Meaux

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yolande (d. 1313), married in about 1287 Wautier II of Enghien (d. 1309)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matilda, married about 1314 in Matthieu of Lorraine (d. 1330), lord of Warsberg

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chronique ou histoire abrégée des évêques et des comtes de Nevers écrite en Latin au seizième siècle et publiée pour la première fois Texte imprimé]par René de Lespinasse..1870; Le Nivernais et les comtes de Nevers... par René de Lespinasse.Paris : H. Champion, 1909 (-1914)

description: Countess suo jure of Nevers

wikidata_label: Yolande II, Countess of Nevers

wikipedia_title: Yolande II, Countess of Nevers


text: Jesuit

text: Abenaki

text: Acadia

text: New England

text: Father Rale's War

text: Pontarlier

text: Dijon

text: Society of Jesus

text: Dole

text: rhetoric

text: Nîmes

text: New World

text: Louis de Buade de Frontenac

text: Saint Francois

text: Quebec City

text: Illiniwek

text: Kaskaskia

text: Norridgewock, Maine

text: Kennebec River

text: Queen Anne's War

text: Massachusetts

text: Joseph Dudley

text: Wells, Maine

text: Northeast Coast Campaign

text: Winthrop Hilton

text: Treaty of Utrecht

text: Treaty of Portsmouth

text: Samuel Shute

text: Georgetown, Maine

text: sachem

text: Vaudreuil

text: Colonel Thomas Westbrook

text: Harvard College

text: Fort George

text: London

text: William Dummer

text: Richmond, Maine

text: Jeremiah Moulton

text: Winslow, Maine

text: (N. S.)

text: Boston

text: Benedict Joseph Fenwick

text: Madison, Maine

text: Francis Parkman

text: W. J. Eccles

text: Letters - Father Rale

text: Norridgewock Indian Village & Monument

categories: People in Father Rale's War,1724 deaths,People from Norridgewock, Maine,Jesuit missionaries in New France,Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States,French Roman Catholic missionaries,People in Queen Anne's War,People of colonial Maine,1657 births,17th-century French Jesuits,People of pre-statehood Maine,People from Pontarlier,18th-century French Jesuits

paragraph: Sébastien Rale

paragraph: Sébastien Rale (also Racle, Râle, Rasle, Rasles and Sebastian Rale (January 20, 1657 – August 23, 1724)) was a Jesuit missionary and lexicographer who worked among the eastern Abenaki people while stationed on the border of Acadia and New England. Father Rale consistently supported those elements in the tribe which maintained an active resistance to the English; the increasing English settlement in the Kennebec area was a threat to the Abenakis. Rale was killed by the Colonists during Father Rale's War.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Rale was born in Pontarlier, France and studied in Dijon. In 1675, he joined the Society of Jesus at Dole and taught Greek and rhetoric at Nîmes. He volunteered for the American missions in 1689 and came to the New World in a party led by Governor-general Louis de Buade de Frontenac of New France. His first missionary work was at an Abenaki village in Saint Francois, near Quebec City. He then spent two years with the Illiniwek Indians at Kaskaskia.

paragraph: Section::::Queen Anne's War.

paragraph: In 1694, Râle was sent to direct the Abenaki mission at Norridgewock, Maine on the Kennebec River. He made his headquarters there and erected a church in 1698. The New England colonists were suspicious of a French missionary arriving in the midst of a tribe that was already hostile, anticipating that the Frenchman would do his best to stoke this hostility.

paragraph: Queen Anne's War pitted New France against New England, fighting to control the region. Massachusetts Governor Joseph Dudley arranged a conference with tribal representatives at Casco Bay in 1703 to propose that they remain neutral. However, a party of the Norridgewock tribe joined a larger force of French and Indians commanded by Alexandre Leneuf de Beaubassin to attack Wells, Maine in the Northeast Coast Campaign. The English suspected Father Rale of inciting the tribe against them. However, French minister Pontchartrain also wrote to Rale's Jesuit superior because he suspected Rale of "being lukewarm about the war".

paragraph: Governor Dudley put a price on Rale's head. In the winter of 1705, 275 British soldiers were dispatched under the command of Colonel Winthrop Hilton to seize Rale. The priest was warned in time, however, and escaped into the woods with his papers, but the militia burned the village and church. Rale wrote to his nephew:

paragraph: The French induced in the Indians a deep distrust of English intentions—and they accomplished this despite Abenaki dependence on English trading posts to exchange furs for other necessities.

paragraph: Section::::Queen Anne's War.:Treaty of Utrecht.

paragraph: The Treaty of Utrecht brought some peace in 1713, and the Indians swore allegiance to the Colonists at the Treaty of Portsmouth. It is most likely, however, that the Indians had no idea of what a promise of subjection to England meant. Meanwhile, the boundary remained contested between New France and New England. England claimed all lands extending to the St. George River, but most Abenaki inhabiting them were sympathetic to the French and to the Catholic Church. In August 1717, Governor Samuel Shute met with tribal representatives of Norridgewock and other Abenaki bands in Georgetown, Maine on a coastal island, warning that cooperation with the French would bring them "utter ruin and destruction". Kennebec sachem Wiwurna objected to Colonists establishing settlements on the land and to their constructing forts; he claimed sovereign control of the land, while Shute reasserted Colonial rights to expand into the territory. Colonists continued to settle on the Kennebec River, and the Wabanakis responded by stealing livestock. Governor-general of New France Vaudreuil wrote in 1720: "Father Rale continues to incite Indians of the mission at [Norridgewock] not to allow the English to spread over their lands." Shute protested the presence of Rale at Norridgewock and demanded that he be removed. The Wabanakis refused in July 1721 and demanded that hostages be released (who had been given in surety during earlier negotiations).

paragraph: Chief Taxous died, and his successor was Wissememet who advocated peace with the Colonists, offering beaver skins as reparation for past damages, and four hostages to guarantee none in the future. Rale, however, continued to stir up individuals within the tribe, urging armed resistance. He declared: "Any treaty with the governor… is null and void if I do not approve it, for I give them so many reasons against it that they absolutely condemn what they have done."

paragraph: Rale wrote to Vaudreuil for reinforcements, and 250 Abenaki warriors from near Quebec arrived at Norridgewock, reliably hostile to the Colonists. On July 28, 1721, over 250 Indians landed at Georgetown in war paint and flying French colors from a flotilla of 90 canoes. With them were Rale and Superior of the Missions Pierre de la Chasse. They delivered a letter which demanded that the Colonial settlers leave or Rale and his Indians would kill them and burn their houses, together with their livestock. A reply was expected within two months. The Colonists immediately stopped selling gunpowder, ammunition, and food to the Abenaki. Then 300 soldiers under the command of Colonel Thomas Westbrook surrounded Norridgewock to capture Rale in January 1722, while most of the tribe were away hunting, but he was forewarned and escaped into the forest. His strongbox was found among the possessions that he left behind, however, with a hidden compartment containing letters implicating him as an agent of the French government and promising Indians enough ammunition to drive the Colonists from their settlements. Also, inside was his three-volume Abenaki-French dictionary, which was presented to the library at Harvard College.

paragraph: Section::::Father Rale's War.

paragraph: In response to the raid on Norridgewock, on June 13, 1722, the Abenaki tribe and its auxiliaries burned Fort George at the mouth of the Kennebec, taking hostages, most of whom were later released, to exchange for those held in Boston. Shute then declared war on the eastern Indians on July 25; but he then abruptly departed for London on January 1, 1723. He had grown disgusted with the intransigent Assembly which controlled funding, as it squabbled with the Governor's Council over which body should conduct the war. Lieutenant-governor William Dummer assumed management of the government, and further Abenaki incursions persuaded the Assembly to act in what was called Dummer's War.

paragraph: Section::::Father Rale's War.:Battle of Norridgewock.

paragraph: In August 1724, a force of 208 British soldiers left Fort Richmond in 17 whaleboats (now Richmond, Maine) and rowed up the Kennebec. These split into two units under the commands of captains Johnson Harmon and Jeremiah Moulton. At Taconic Falls (now Winslow, Maine), 40 men were left to guard the boats as the troops continued on foot. On August 23, 1724 (N. S.), the expedition came upon the village of Norridgewock. The Indians were routed, leaving 26 warriors dead and 14 wounded. Among the casualties was Sébastien Rale.

paragraph: Rale's scalp and those of the other dead were presented to the authorities in Boston, who had offered a bounty for the scalps of hostile Indians. Harmon was promoted. Thereafter, two versions of Rale's death emerged. The French and Indians claiming he died "a martyr" at the foot of a large cross set in the central square, drawing the soldiers' attention to himself to save his parishioners. The English said that he was "a bloody incendiary" shot in a cabin while reloading his flintlock musket.

paragraph: The 150 Abenaki survivors returned to bury the fallen before abandoning Norridgewock for Canada. Rale was buried beneath an altar at the settlement. In 1833, Bishop Benedict Joseph Fenwick dedicated an 11-foot tall obelisk monument inscribed and erected by subscription over his grave in St. Sebastian's Cemetery at Old Point in Madison, Maine.

paragraph: Rale remains a polarizing figure. Francis Parkman describes him as:

paragraph: On the other hand, historian W. J. Eccles says that, since 1945, some Canadian historians have discarded Parkman's view of the history of New France, as characterized by "prejudice in favor of Anglo-American values, institutions, myths, and aspirations," and the corresponding denigration of Catholic, French, and American Indian elements. This, however, is a general view and does not refute the specifics of Rale's life and incendiary actions.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Fiske, "New England and New France", 1902, Houghton, Mifflin & Company, Boston, Massachusetts

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herbert Milton Sylvester, "Indian Wars of New England", Volume III, 1910, W. B. Clarke, Boston, Massachusetts

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Letters - Father Rale

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norridgewock Indian Village & Monument

paragraph: BULLET::::- Image of Rale's strongbox at Maine Memory Network

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clark, William A., "The Church at Nanrantsouak: Sébastien Râle, S.J., and the Wabanaki of Maine's Kennebec River", "The Catholic Historical Review", Volume 92, Number 3, July 2006, pp. 225-251, The Catholic University of America Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campbell, T.J., "Sebastian Rale", "Pioneer priests of North America, 1642-1710", Vol. 3, Fordham University Press, 1910

description: French missionary

wikidata_label: Sébastien Racle

wikipedia_title: Sébastien Rale