text: American

text: electrical engineer

text: NASA

text: Office of Manned Space Flight

text: Saturn V

text: launch vehicle

text: Apollo program

text: Skylab

text: space shuttle

text: Kistler Aerospace Corp

text: Purdue University

text: cathode ray tube

text: orthicon

text: Princeton University

text: Bell Labs

text: Milton Boone

text: Ohio State University

text: TRW

text: James E. Webb

text: Robert Seamans

text: Manned Spacecraft Center

text: Marshall Space Flight Center

text: Launch Operations Center

text: Wernher von Braun

text: Minuteman

text: Titan II

text: Arthur Rudolph

text: Apollo 8

text: Apollo 11

text: Gemini

text: Samuel C. Phillips

text: Bernard Schriever

text: Apollo 1

text: manned lunar base

text: Apollo Applications Program

text: Space Shuttle

text: Scott Pace

text: Dyna-Soar

text: Titan III

text: Lockheed

text: McDonnell Douglas

text: General Dynamics

text: space station

text: British Interplanetary Society

text: Richard Nixon

text: Christopher Kraft

text: George Low

text: John Disher

text: Thomas Paine

text: System Development Corporation

text: General Dynamics Corporation

text: System Development Corporation

text: Burroughs Corporation

text: Rocketplane Kistler

text: Irvine, California

text: George Edwin Mueller

categories: NASA people,2015 deaths,American people of German descent,1918 births,National Medal of Science laureates,Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering

paragraph: George Mueller (NASA)

paragraph: George Edwin Mueller (; July 16, 1918 – October 12, 2015), was an American electrical engineer who was an associate administrator at NASA who headed the Office of Manned Space Flight from September 1963 until December 1969. Hailed as one of NASA's "most brilliant and fearless managers", he was instrumental in introducing the all-up testing philosophy for the Saturn V launch vehicle, which ensured the success of the Apollo program in landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth by the end of 1969. Mueller also played a key part in the design of Skylab, and championed the space shuttle's development, which earned him the nickname, "the father of the space shuttle."

paragraph: More recently, Mueller was chairman and chief vehicle architect of the now defunct Kistler Aerospace Corp.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: George Mueller was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 16, 1918. His mother, a high school graduate, was from Belleville, Illinois and had been a secretary, but she never worked after marriage. His father was an electrician who began working as a boy and never went to high school, but later became superintendent of an electrical motor repair shop in St. Louis. Both parents were English speakers, but also spoke German; Mueller never learned German well enough to converse. He went to Benton School in St. Louis until the 8th grade, when he and his parents moved to a larger house in the country called Bel Nor, and later graduated from Normandy High School.

paragraph: The young Mueller enjoyed reading science fiction and, helped by his grandfather, woodworking. When he was aged 11 or 12 Mueller also built and raced model aircraft – such as gliders and rubber band model airplanes. Always curious about how things worked, he also built radios, following in the footsteps of his father. Interested in these activities, the teenage Mueller wanted to be an aeronautical engineer but discovered that where he could afford to go to school, the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy (now Missouri University of Science and Technology) in Rolla, Missouri, there was no aeronautical engineering department. They did offer mechanical engineering, so he enrolled in that program but found it discouraging and switched to electrical engineering.

paragraph: Mueller assumed he would end up working in industry and so, in his senior year, went on a tour of various suitable companies. He applied to RCA, General Electric and Emerson but when he graduated in 1939 the economy took another downturn and he, like most of the class, had no job.

paragraph: After applying to several graduate schools, he got an offer of a television fellowship (funded by RCA) at Purdue University. The fellowship led to his working on an early television project. Purdue was building a television transmitter for the campus, and it was the first of the kind that was using all vacuum tubes to produce the pictures. It was also the first using a cathode ray tube for display purposes. They still had mechanical disks for scanning but were trying to develop an all-electronic approach.

paragraph: Section::::Bell Labs.

paragraph: Near graduation, he applied for a research job at Bell Labs, which he received. After a year to establish himself there, he married Maude Rosenbaum, whom he had met in St. Louis and dated while at Purdue. The work Mueller did at Bell Labs deferred him from being drafted into the military during World War II. He initially researched orthicon technology, but, as Bell Labs geared up for war, it later became heavily involved in airborne radar technology. As the war progressed, his group was given the task of building the first airborne radar for Bell. Ultimately, the radar designed by MIT was chosen over the Bell Labs system, but not until after Mueller became spectacularly sick while flight testing Bell Labs' radar on a visit to Wright Airfield in Ohio. He continued his work on magnetrons and said he came close to co-inventing the transistor. If he and his co-workers had placed their contacts on a single crystal of zircon rather than working with multiple crystals, they would have beaten Shockley's team, also at Bell Labs.

paragraph: Section::::PhD and Ramo-Wooldridge.

paragraph: Mueller increasingly believed that to move up in the hierarchy of the Labs he would need a PhD, and he began working towards this goal on a part-time basis at Princeton University, getting up every morning at around 5 o'clock and driving to Princeton to take a couple of courses before driving back down to Holmdel to work all day at Bell Labs. In 1946 a colleague at the Labs, Milton Boone, a professor from Ohio State University on leave at Bell Labs during the war, encouraged Mueller to help set up a vacuum tube lab and run the communications group at Ohio State.

paragraph: Moving to Columbus, Mueller taught electrical engineering and the new field of system engineering, and continued his research, focusing his PhD thesis on dielectric antennas. Upon obtaining his doctorate in physics in 1951, he became associate professor of electrical engineering. Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation, later part of TRW, recruited him and he took a one-year sabbatical in 1953. A consultant to Ramo-Wooldridge, Mueller got involved in the review of radar designs and the Bell Labs radar for the Titan rocket (which was originally radio-guided). Mueller was peripherally involved with some of the developments of the inertial systems and generally began to help out wherever there was a problem. Mueller admitted in 1987 that at this time he did not know anything about missiles.

paragraph: After returning from his sabbatical year to Ohio State, Mueller taught but was also retained as a part-time consultant to R-W. In 1957 he joined Ramo-Wooldridge full-time as director of the Electronics Laboratories. This Laboratory soon merged with the mechanical group, and then Mueller became deputy leader of this larger research and development organization. He was also program director for the Pioneer program and later took over as head of R&D [Research and Development]. The Thompson Products Company bought R-W and merged it into what became TRW. While working on missile systems Mueller became convinced that all-up testing was essential as "you don't want to be testing piece-wise in space. You want to test the entire system because who knows which one's going to fail, and you'd better have it all together so that whatever fails, you have a reasonable chance of finding the real failure mode, not just the one you were looking for."

paragraph: Section::::NASA and the Apollo program.

paragraph: Mueller became increasingly involved with NASA and the Apollo Program. NASA's Administrator James E. Webb sounded Mueller out for a top job. Mueller would only agree if the agency was restructured, and so during the fall of 1963 Webb worked with Associate Administrator Robert Seamans to restructure NASA, shifting three key centers (Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), and the Launch Operations Center (LOC)) to report directly to Mueller, as well as a local staff at Headquarters. Mueller accepted the job, and took a substantial pay cut. The reorganization of NASA and the Office of Manned Space Flight (OMSF) was announced in November 1963.

paragraph: Encouraged by Webb, Mueller had studied the three centers, speaking with people he knew from his work at Ramo-Wooldridge. His impression: "there wasn't any management system in existence". More seriously, Mueller found no means to determine and control hardware configurations, which gave no way to determine costs or schedules. Mueller concluded he would have to "teach people what was involved in doing program control."

paragraph: In August 1963, Mueller invited each of his three field center directors to visit him and explained how his proposed changes would put Apollo back on schedule and solve problems with the Bureau of the Budget. Change did not come easy and he had some problems with Wernher von Braun who gave "one of his impassioned speeches about how you can't change the basic organization of Marshall." After some argument, von Braun accepted Mueller's proposals and reorganized MSFC, strengthening its capacity in running large projects.

paragraph: Mueller's position was strengthened by directors at MSC, MSFC and LOC reporting directly to OMSF. Mueller also reduced attendance at the Manned Space Flight Management Council to just himself and the Center directors. Borrowing from the US Air Force Minuteman program, Mueller formed the Apollo Executive Group, which consisted of himself and the presidents of Apollo's main contractors.

paragraph: The biggest problem Mueller still faced was Apollo's slipping schedule and huge cost overruns. He had always thought the only way to resolve this, and achieve a lunar landing before 1970, was to reduce the number of test flights. Mueller wanted to use his "all-up testing" concept with each flight using the full number of live stages. This approach had been used successfully on the Titan II and Minuteman programs but violated von Braun's engineering concepts. The von Braun test plan called for the first live test to use the Saturn's first stage with dummy upper stages. If the first stage worked correctly then the first two stages would be live with a dummy third stage and so on, with at least ten test flights before a manned version was put into low earth orbit.

paragraph: The Saturn V program manager Arthur Rudolph cornered Mueller with scale models of Saturn and Minuteman. The Saturn dwarfed the Minuteman but Mueller replied, "So what?"

paragraph: Eventually von Braun and the others were won over. As von Braun stated: "It sounded reckless, but George Mueller's reasoning was impeccable. Water ballast in lieu of a second and third stage would require much less tank volume than liquid-hydrogen-fuelled stages, so that a rocket tested with only a live first stage would be much shorter than the final configuration. Its aerodynamic shape and its body dynamics would thus not be representative. Filling the ballast tanks with liquid hydrogen? Fine, but then why not burn it as a bonus experiment? And so the arguments went on until George in the end prevailed."

paragraph: Mueller's concept of all-up testing worked. The first two unmanned flights of the Saturn V were successful (the second less so), then the third Saturn V put Frank Borman's Apollo 8 crew in orbit round the Moon on Christmas 1968, and the sixth Saturn V carried Neil Armstrong's Apollo 11 to the first lunar landing.

paragraph: In an interview Mueller acknowledged what would have happened if all-up testing had failed, "The whole Apollo program and my reputation would have gone down the drain".

paragraph: With this battle won, in November 1965, Mueller reorganized the Gemini and Apollo Program Offices, creating a five-box structure at HQ and field center. This structure replicated Mueller's concept of system management and provided far better program overview. The key part of the idea was that inside these "GEM boxes" (named from his initials), managers and engineers communicated directly with their functional counterparts in NASA HQ, bypassing the usual chain of command and bureaucracy.

paragraph: With another battle won, Mueller still found that he could not always find the right people with the right skills. Using his background with Air Force projects, Mueller sought Webb's permission to bring in skilled Air Force program managers. He proposed Minuteman program director Colonel Samuel C. Phillips as Apollo program director in OMSF. Webb agreed, and so did AFSC chief General Bernard Schriever. Phillips in turn agreed and brought with him 42 mid-grade officers and eventually 124 more junior officers. Ultimately, over 400 experienced military officers worked on Apollo and other NASA programs during the 1960s.

paragraph: Seamans (promoted in 1965 to deputy administrator) stated that Mueller "didn't sell; he dictated – and without his direction, Apollo would not have succeeded."

paragraph: Also well known were Mueller's Project Status Reviews, often held on Sundays and in brutal detail. The presentations were nicknamed "pasteurized" as the tired managers' ability to absorb the detail was waning, and the charts were merely "past your eyes."

paragraph: After the Apollo 1 fire, NASA Administrator James Webb became distrustful of Mueller, but commented. "Even if I wanted to, I couldn't fire him because he was manager of our successful Apollo project, and one of the ablest men in the world ... The last thing I wanted was to lose him, but I also had another desire, which was not to let his way of working create too many difficulties."

paragraph: Section::::Apollo applications and Skylab.

paragraph: Even while Apollo was progressing Mueller and others were pushing for an aggressive post-Apollo program. He established the Apollo Applications Office in 1965. The Applications were extensive, involving a manned lunar base, an Earth-orbiting space station, Apollo telescope, a Grand Tour of the Outer Solar System, and the original "Voyager program" of Mars Lander probes. Faced with Congressional disapproval and infighting within NASA, the ambitious Apollo Applications Program was cut back time and time again, until just Skylab remained.

paragraph: Section::::Father of the Space Shuttle?

paragraph: Mueller is often credited as being the "Father of the Space Shuttle". Whether this is entirely true is debatable – Scott Pace propounded the view that, in such a complex system with so many stakeholders, "everyone was a Shuttle designer." What is beyond doubt is that Mueller played a key role in early Space Shuttle decisions and in championing the cause for a reusable space vehicle. While perhaps not the 'Father' he has been accurately described by Professor John Logsdon as the 'Policy Father of the Space Shuttle'.

paragraph: Mueller held a one-day symposium (held at NASA headquarters) in December 1967 to which 80 people from the Air Force, NASA and industry were invited to discuss low cost space flight and shuttle-like designs. The designs ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics.

paragraph: Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a "space shuttle". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was well aware that the space shuttle was to shuttle to and from such a station.

paragraph: While in London in August 1968, to receive an award from the British Interplanetary Society, he again trumpeted the cause of the shuttle, "... there is a real requirement for an efficient earth to orbit transportation system – an economical space shuttle". "I forecast that the next major thrust in space will be the development of an economical launch vehicle for shuttling between Earth and the installations, such as the orbiting space station that will soon be orbiting in space." He also stated, as many others would do later, that "The shuttle ideally would be able to operate in a mode similar to that of a large commercial air transports and be compatible with the environment of major airports".

paragraph: Mueller's optimism grew in 1968 and he chided Wernher von Braun (who had been cautiously promoting a cheap interim shuttle-type craft), "You'd be telling me that my Shuttle was in the future and you needed an interim system." Mueller was sure that the incoming president, Richard Nixon, would want to go "all out" and that "this may be the big program for Nixon".

paragraph: In 1987 Mueller had this to say about the shuttle, "It was clear to us at that time that we needed to have a joint program between the Air Force and NASA, and that that program ought to be aimed at providing low cost space transportation for all of our needs. It's just in my view unfortunate that we made the compromise, after I left NASA, in terms of a partially reusable vehicle, and all that that implies in terms of not only the cost of the throw-away parts but also the cost of the ground troops that have to process it and put it together and fly it every time. That combination—and ground support is a not insignificant part of a Shuttle cost—was a set of decisions that doomed low cost space transportation for that generation of vehicles."

paragraph: Section::::Mueller's working style.

paragraph: Almost everyone who worked with Mueller on Apollo agreed he was technically brilliant and exceedingly capable. Even those who frequently disagreed with him like Christopher Kraft or George Low recognized his abilities. While Mueller could be described as intellectually arrogant he was not an office tyrant; one of his colleagues, John Disher, describes working for him as a "piece of cake". Nor did he try to belittle others or shout them down. While appearing affable and reasonably charming "with the epitome of politeness, but you know down deep he's just as hard as steel!".

paragraph: Section::::Resignation from NASA.

paragraph: Mueller resigned from NASA on November 10, 1969 effective from December 10. Rumors had been circulating for a while that he wanted to return to private industry. The "New York Times" stated that 'informed sources' "alleged clashes with (Administrator) Thomas Paine over space priorities for '70s and disputes with subordinates; he has twice been passed over for deputy admr post".

paragraph: In an interview Mueller gave different reasons for leaving, "One is that the decision had been made to terminate the Apollo program, and that was a good time then to leave before, and let someone else take over for the next phase. From a practical point of view, I needed to go make some money so I could keep my family going. It was costly for us to join the Apollo program. My salary was half what I was making in industry when I went there, and it was just a strain to keep the family going and work going at the same time. So I went back to industry.".

paragraph: After a short time at General Dynamics, Mueller became chairman and president of the System Development Corporation, a spin-off from the RAND Corporation, in 1971. He remained with SDC following the Burroughs Corporation's acquisition of the company, and retired after growing the company successfully in 1984. While at SDC, Mueller married his second wife, Darla. After a short retirement, Mueller became the president of the International Academy of Astronautics, in addition to consulting and other volunteer work. Yearning to return to full-time employment, he became the CEO of Kistler Aerospace in 1996 and remained with the company for a number of years.

paragraph: Section::::Post NASA career.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Senior vice president of General Dynamics Corporation, Falls Church, Virginia (1969–1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairman, president (1971–1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairman, chief executive officer (1981–1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burroughs Corporation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Senior vice-president (1982–1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Consultant (1984 – date unknown)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kistler Aerospace (Rocketplane Kistler from 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- CEO 1995–2004

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chairman and chief vehicle architect 2004

paragraph: Mueller died of congestive heart failure in Irvine, California, on October 12, 2015, at the age of 97.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Specific

paragraph: BULLET::::- General

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray, C. and Cox, C.B. (2004). Apollo. Pages 151-162. South Mountain Books, Burkittsville, MD.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heppenheimer, T.A. The Space Shuttle Decision, 1965–1972: History of the Space Shuttle, Volume 1. Smithsonian Institution Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pace, Scott (1982) Engineering Design and Political Choice: the Space Shuttle 1969–1972, Thesis (M.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1982

paragraph: BULLET::::- Slotkin, Arthur L., (2012). Doing the Impossible: George E. Mueller and the Management of NASA's Human Spaceflight Program, Springer-Praxis Scientific Publications, New York.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Edwin Mueller

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dr. George Mueller interview NASM Oral History Project

alias:
George Edwin Mueller
George E. Mueller

description: NASA official

wikidata_label: George Mueller

wikipedia_title: George Mueller (NASA)


text: C.Ss.R.

text: Yavoriv Raion

text: Lviv Oblast

text: Ukrainian SSR

text: Ukrainian Greek Catholic

text: Acarassus

text: Soviet Army

text: Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer

text: profession

text: priest

text: Belz

text: Dissolution of the Soviet Union

text: consecrated

text: Episcopate

text: consecrator

text: Lubomyr Husar

text: Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

categories: 1949 births,Redemptorists,Ukrainian Eastern Catholics,Bishops of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church,Redemptorist bishops,People from Yavoriv Raion,Living people

paragraph: Stepan Meniok

paragraph: Bishop Stepan Meniok, C.Ss.R. (; born 19 August 1949 in Nakonechne, Yavoriv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch, who servs as an Archiepiscopal Exarch of Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Donetsk and a Titular Bishop of Acarassus since 11 January 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Bishop Meniok was born in the family of clandestine Greek-Catholics Petro Meniok. After graduation of the school education, he graduated the technical college #1 in Lviv and made a compulsory service in the Soviet Army during 1969–1971.

paragraph: After this time he became a clandestine member of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, where he had a profession on 8 November 1975 and a solemn profession on 8 October 1981. Meniok was ordained as priest on 8 July 1984, after completed clandestine theological studies and worked as pastor among the faithful of the "Catacomb Church" in Belz and Kamianobrid until 1990. From 1990 he openly served as priest, missionary and founder of the new Greek-Catholic parishes after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. During 1994–1998 he was a Rector of the Theological Seminary in Lviv and after, during 1998–2002 as a Rector of the Ukrainian Redemptorists province Theological Seminary.

paragraph: On 11 January 2002 Fr. Meniok was appointed and on 15 February 2002 was consecrated to the Episcopate as the first Archiepiscopal Exarch of the new created Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Donetsk-Kharkiv. The principal consecrator was Cardinal Lubomyr Husar, the Head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

wikidata_label: Stepan Meniok

wikipedia_title: Stepan Meniok


text:
Welsh
Baptist
Pwllheli
Llanystumdwy
St Asaph
Llangollen
Holywell
Caernarfon
Bangor
Y Greal

categories: People from Gwynedd,Welsh writers,Welsh Baptist ministers,1840 births,1929 deaths

paragraph: Owen Davies (Baptist minister)

paragraph: Owen Davies (1840 – 30 May 1929) was a Welsh Baptist minister and writer. He was born at Cae Plan, a farm near Pwllheli, and attended local schools in Llanystumdwy and Yoke House, Pwllheli. Upon completing his education he worked for a period as a draper's apprentice in Pwllheli, and at the age of 18 he started working in a draper's shop in St Asaph. While living in St Asaph he began attending a local Baptist church, becoming a preacher. In 1862 he entered the new Baptist College at Llangollen. Upon completing his training, he was appointed pastor at Holywell (1865), before moving to Llangollen (1867), and Caernarfon (1876). He was also (from 1892 to 1895) a secretary to the North Wales Baptist College, Bangor, and (from 1895 to 1915) a lecturer on Homiletics and Pastoral Theology on the college staff.

paragraph: His written works include several books, including a number of Welsh biographies, of "John Pritchard" (1880), "Christmas Evans" (1898), "Robert Jones, Llanllyfni" (1903), and a history of the Welsh Baptists (1905). He was also for a time editor of "Yr Athraw", and of "Y Greal" (from 1871 to 1918).

description: Welsh Baptist minister

wikidata_label: Owen Davies

wikipedia_title: Owen Davies (Baptist minister)


text:
tennis
International Tennis Federation
Association of Tennis Professionals

paragraph: Misel Klesinger

paragraph: Misel Klesinger (born 8 July 1969) is a Yugoslav-born tennis player. In 2008, he had had 16 years of experience coaching in Germany and elsewhere.

paragraph: In 1986 he was ranked No. 17 in the International Tennis Federation Junior category. That year he played in Wimbledon and Paris, and was ranked No. 736 by the Association of Tennis Professionals.

paragraph: From 2008 Klesinger was coaching in Dubai.

description: tennis player

wikidata_label: Misel Klesinger

wikipedia_title: Misel Klesinger


href: Turnov Prague

text: Turnov Prague

categories: People from Turnov,1900 births,Czech composers,Czech conductors (music),1961 deaths

paragraph: Zdeněk Folprecht (composer)

paragraph: Zdeněk Folprecht (Turnov 26 January 1900 - 29 October 1961 Prague) was a Czech composer and conductor.

description: Czech conductor and composer

wikidata_label: Zdeněk Folprecht

wikipedia_title: Zdeněk Folprecht (composer)


text:
Xhosa language
Izwi Labantu
Cecil John Rhodes
South African Native National Congress
African National Congress
Mnandi
Somerset East
Cape Colony
Mgolombane Sandile
Xhosa people
Peelton
King William’s Town
Lovedale College
Free Church of Scotland
Dr. James Stewart
Lovedale College
Lovedale College
Peelton
Alice, Eastern Cape
Peelton
Nelson Mandela
Communist Party of South Africa
Apartheid
John Tengo Jabavu
Louisville, Kentucky
East London
South African History Online
The Journalist

categories: 1858 births,People from Mbhashe Local Municipality,Cape Colony politicians,1936 deaths

paragraph: Walter Rubusana

paragraph: Mpilo Walter Benson Rubusana (21 March 1858 - 19 April 1936) was the co-founder of the Xhosa language newspaper publication, "Izwi Labantu", funded by Cecil John Rhodes, and the first Black person to be elected to the Cape Council (Parliament) in 1909. He also initiated the Native Education Association that contributed towards the formation of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) in 1912 and later renamed the African National Congress in 1912.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: He was born on 21 March 1858 to Nomenti Rubusana in Mnandi, located in the district of Somerset East that formed part of the Cape Colony and given the name Mpilo. His father Mbonjana Rubusana, a farm labourer, was among a multitude of men who served as Mgolombane Sandile’s duty men in varied fields and subjects although he was illiterate. Further to this, he also served as a councillor to chief Bhotomane of the imiDange chiefdom and was a staunch custodian of African culture and languages.

paragraph: When he was born, it was during a very bad period for the Xhosa people as they had recently suffered defeat in a bitter battle over land and territory known as the "Second Hottentot Rebellion", leading to the fall of the Xhosa kingdom. During this period, the Xhosa people were also in a deep financial crisis. He spent most of his childhood herding livestock and only began school as an adolescent, aged 16 years. He was noticed by Reverend Richard Birt, who had met him at the London Missionary School in Peelton, near King William’s Town. In 1874, Birt enrolled him at the Boys School at Peelton’s Native Training College. A year later, Rubusana got baptized and thus given a new Christian name: Walter Benson. His African name, Mpilo, was officially expunged and the traditional skin he normally wore was replaced with a white shirt as a marker of a shift from the traditional to the modern world. When Rubusana completed his early education, he then went on to enrol at Lovedale College, a missionary school established and maintained by the Free Church of Scotland, situated close to the iThyume river. Under the tutelage of Dr. James Stewart, he studied towards a certificate in education upon where, in 1878, he graduated, emerging as one of the top achievers. Upon the completion of his studies in education, Rubusana remained at Lovedale College, opting this time around to pursue theological studies again under the tutelage of James Stewart, with the assistance of the Revd Andrew Smith.

paragraph: Section::::Professional life.

paragraph: In 1880,he finally decided to leave Lovedale College to take up a post as a teacher at a missionary station/school in Peelton, where he also doubled as an assistant minister. He advocated for compulsory education but also went a step further to argue for mother-tongue instruction. It is at this point that he met and married Nomhaya Deena Nzanzana, who would become his first wife in 1883. They were both educators. During the course of the marriage, the Rubusanas were blessed with 12 children, even though only six of them survived until adulthood. They followed in their parents’ footsteps and became teachers themselves. In 1920, his wife Deena died and he married Bella Noni Kashe, from Alice, Eastern Cape. This marriage bore one child, a boy. He continued working in Peelton up until 1884 where he was ordained as the head of the Congregational Church. He moved to East London, where he would spend the rest of his life. In the early 1900s, he began an interest in politics and began aligning himself with organisations that were politically orientated. He agitated for black self-representation in the Cape Parliament and was subsequently elected as the first Black member of that Parliament in 1909. Researchers make the observation that what Nelson Mandela finished in 1994, was first pioneered by him and his contemporaries in the 1880s. His influence in Black politics faded with the radicalization of Black workers and the rise of the Communist Party of South Africa (founded in 1919), and the trade union movement and its involvement in the internal struggle against Apartheid. He gradually withdrew from public life and passed away on 19 April 1936.

paragraph: Section::::Notable achievements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Co-founded Xhosa language newspaper publication "Izwi Labantu" with John Tengo Jabavu.

paragraph: BULLET::::- In 1906 he published the seminal work, "Zemnk’ Inkomo Magwalandini", a collection of traditional poetry. He also wrote "A History of South Africa from the Native Standpoint".

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was awarded an honorary doctorate by McKinley Memorial University in Louisville, Kentucky in the United States.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Nelson Mandela University in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Played a pivotal role in activist initiatives and organisations such as the Native Education Association that contributed towards the formation of the South African Native Congress in 1912.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was the first African person to be elected to the Cape Council (Parliament) in 1909.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He was the chair of the Location Advisory Board.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He assisted in the establishment of more than ten schools in and around East London.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- South African History Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Journalist

description: South African parson

wikidata_label: Walter Rubusana

wikipedia_title: Walter Rubusana


text: Canadian

text: ice hockey

text: winger

text: Vancouver Canucks

text: Washington Capitals

text: National Hockey League

text: Revelstoke, British Columbia

text: Junior A

text: Vernon Vipers

text: British Columbia Hockey League

text: Surrey Eagles

text: college level

text: Brown Bears

text: ECAC Hockey

text: Human Biology

text: the university

text: free agent

text: Vancouver Canucks

text: National Hockey League

text: American Hockey League

text: Manitoba Moose

text: 2009–10 season

text: 2010–11 season

text: Toronto Maple Leafs

text: Jaroslav Halak

text: St. Louis Blues

text: Maxim Lapierre

text: Dale Weise

text: Los Angeles Kings

text: Matt Greene

text: two-way contract

text: 2012–13 season

text: healthy scratch

text: Steve Pinizzotto

text: injured reserve

text: waivers

text: Chicago Wolves

text: penalty kill

text: Washington Capitals

categories: Living people,1985 births,Undrafted National Hockey League players,People from Revelstoke, British Columbia,Vernon Vipers players,Brown Bears men's ice hockey players,Ice hockey people from British Columbia,Canadian ice hockey forwards,Manitoba Moose players,Vancouver Canucks players

paragraph: Aaron Volpatti

paragraph: Anthony Aaron Volpatti (born May 30, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger who played with the Vancouver Canucks and the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: A native of Revelstoke, British Columbia, Volpatti played Junior A hockey for the Vernon Vipers of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). After recording 5 points (1 goal and 4 assists) over 55 games as a rookie in 2003–04, he improved to 18 points (6 goals and 12 assists) over 57 games the following season. In the 2005 BCHL playoffs, the Vipers advanced to the Fred Page Cup Finals, where they were defeated by the Surrey Eagles. During a team camping trip that summer, Volpatti received burns to over 35% of his body (including his abdomen and face) in a bonfire accident. Hospitalized for five months, doctors told him he would not play again for two years, if at all. The use of his right hand was in particular jeopardy. Despite the prognosis, Volpatti returned to the lineup for the start of the 2005–06 season, although injuries to his muscles limited him to 25 of the team's 60 games. He had a long recovery but managed to dress for 25 games the following year. He recorded 6 goals and 14 points.

paragraph: Following his three-year junior career, Volpatti moved on to the college level, joining the Brown Bears of the ECAC Hockey Conference (within the National Collegiate Athletics Association; NCAA circuit). Vopatti majored in Human Biology at the university and captained the team during his four-year college tenure. After recording a college career-high 32 points over 37 games with Brown in 2009–10, Volpatti was signed as a free agent by the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL) on March 22, 2010. He was subsequently assigned to their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Manitoba Moose, for the remainder of their 2009–10 season. He recorded one goal and one assist over eight games.

paragraph: After attending his first NHL training camp with the team in September 2010, he was reassigned to the Moose for the start of the 2010–11 season. He received his first NHL call-up on December 16, and made his NHL debut two nights later in a home game against the Toronto Maple Leafs. He scored his first NHL goal in his second game against Jaroslav Halak of the St. Louis Blues on December 20, 2010. Volpatti finished his rookie professional season with a goal and an assist over 15 NHL games and 11 points (2 goals and 9 assists) over 53 AHL games. He added 3 points (1 goal and 2 assists) over 12 AHL playoff games.

paragraph: The following season, Volpatti made the Canucks' roster out of training camp, playing on the fourth line with Maxim Lapierre and Dale Weise. During a game against the Los Angeles Kings in November 2011, Volpatti hurt his shoulder after receiving a hit from opposing defenceman Matt Greene. Playing through the injury, he re-aggravated his shoulder the following month. Diagnosed with a torn left labrum, the injury required surgery that sidelined him for the remainder of the season.

paragraph: In the off-season Volpatti re-signed with the Canucks, signing a one-year two-way contract. The deal was a slight pay cut for Volpatti's NHL salary and much larger cut at the minor league level. His NHL salary went from $625,000 to $600,000, while his minor league contract went from $200,000 to $105,000. The minor league salary represented the maximum amount allowed to avoid being subject to re-entry or recall waivers. He began the 2012–13 season with the Canucks playing in 16 games scoring 1 goal. After Vancouver had players return from injury Volpatti became the team's thirteenth forward and a regular healthy scratch. Needing a roster spot to activate forward Steve Pinizzotto from the injured reserve list, the Canucks put Volpatti on waivers. Vancouver's plan was to assign him to their minor league affiliate, the Chicago Wolves, in order to give him increased playing time and work on the penalty kill. However, before that could happen he was claimed off waivers by the Washington Capitals.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- College

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Aaron Volpatti

wikipedia_title: Aaron Volpatti


text:
fl.
Caribbean
privateer
War of Spanish Succession
Treaty of Utrecht
Jamaica
sloop
master
flagship
St. Croix
careen
shore batteries
ran aground
Samuel Bellamy
Paulsgrave Williams
Blackbeard
Royal Navy
King George I
Stede Bonnet
Lord Archibald Hamilton

categories: Year of birth missing,18th-century pirates,Caribbean pirates,English pirates,Year of death missing

paragraph: John Martel (pirate)

paragraph: John Martel (fl. 1716-1718, first name occasionally James) was an English pirate active in the Caribbean.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Martel began his career as a privateer during the War of Spanish Succession, turning to piracy after the Treaty of Utrecht ended the war. By September 1716 he was active off Jamaica taking several ships with his 8-gun, 80-man sloop. He soon traded up to larger ships, keeping the best for his growing fleet. He forced a number of captured sailors to serve on his ships but let most of his captives go. At one point he swapped with the master of a captured ship, taking his vessel but giving him a prize ship in trade and setting him free.

paragraph: With his new 22-gun, 100-man flagship and four other vessels he put into St. Croix in late 1716 to resupply and careen. Jamaican officials were tipped off to his location and dispatched the warship HMS "Scarborough" under Francis Hume to hunt him down. Hume found Martel's flotilla in January 1717. After sinking one of the pirate sloops and demolishing the shore batteries they had set up, Hume anchored offshore. Martel tried making a run for it in his flagship but ran aground in the attempt. He ordered the ship burned (with some captured slaves still aboard) and fled to a captured sloop, in which he and a few of his crew made their getaway. The remainder of his crew hid on the island as Hume looted and hauled away the remaining ships.

paragraph: Later that month Samuel Bellamy and his partner Paulsgrave Williams put into St. Croix to repair and resupply when they were hailed by sailors from ashore. They were the remainder of Martel's crew and soon joined Bellamy, who sailed away before HMS "Scarborough" could return. Blackbeard is often cited as having fought "Scarborough", though Royal Navy logs never mention such an incident; it is generally believed that later writers conflated Blackbeard's close encounter with HMS "Seaford" and Martel's fight against "Scarborough".

paragraph: Hume was rewarded for the action against Martel and others with command of the much larger warship HMS "Bedford". Martel himself disappears after escaping Hume; some sources claim he accepted King George I's general pardon offered in late 1717 to all pirates who surrendered within a year.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stede Bonnet, who accompanied Blackbeard to St. Croix some time later.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Archibald Hamilton, Governor of Jamaica who dispatched Hume in "Scarborough" to hunt down pirates.

description: pirate

wikidata_label: John Martel

wikipedia_title: John Martel (pirate)


text: Polish

text: celebrity hairdresser

text: Coco Chanel

text: Marie of Romania

text: Sarah Bernhardt

text: Greta Garbo

text: Eleanor Roosevelt

text: Brigitte Bardot

text: Sieradz

text: Poland

text: hairdressing

text: Łódź

text: Paris

text: London

text: salon

text: Galeries Lafayette

text: Deauville

text: high society

text: coiffure

text: bob cut

text: Joan of Arc

text: shingle cut

text: Bloomsbury set

text: flapper

text: blue hair

text: interior designer

text: Lady Elsie De Wolfe Mendl

text: Coco Chanel

text: Josephine Baker

text: Edith Piaf

text: highlight

text: Saks Fifth Avenue

text: Sydney Guilaroff

text: Sieradz

categories: French people of Polish descent,Naturalized citizens of France,1884 births,20th-century Polish people,Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta,Congress Poland emigrants to France,1976 deaths,French hairdressers,People from Kalisz Governorate,People from Sieradz,20th-century French people,Polish fashion

paragraph: Antoine de Paris

paragraph: Antoni Cierplikowski ( ; 1884 – 1976) was a Polish hairdresser who became the world's first celebrity hairdresser when he opened the salon Antoine de Paris in Paris and became known as Monsieur Antoine. Among his clients were world-famous female personalities like Coco Chanel, Queen Marie of Romania, Sarah Bernhardt, Greta Garbo, U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, and Brigitte Bardot.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Cierplikowski was born in Sieradz, Poland, and learnt hairdressing by working for his uncle in Łódź. In December 1901, he moved to Paris, France. He married Berthe Astier on 24 January 1909 in London, England, where they were both learning English.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After moving to Paris, Cierplikowski worked in the salon at Galeries Lafayette. During the summer season, he worked in Deauville, following the high society of Paris who vacationed there. In 1904, he created a stylish coiffure for Lily de Moure when she lost her fashionable hat. Her appearance without a hat on the arm of a royal prince caused a sensation; other fashionable ladies soon decided to have their hair styled by Cierplikowski.

paragraph: In 1909, Cierplikowski started a fashion for a short bob cut which was inspired by Joan of Arc. In the 1920s, he introduced the shingle cut which became popular with daring young women — the Bloomsbury set and flappers. In 1924, he dyed his dog's hair blue. This blue hair was taken up by the first professional interior designer, Lady Elsie De Wolfe Mendl, which started a new fad. He created the iconic “garconne” hairstyle for the likes of Coco Chanel, Josephine Baker, and Edith Piaf. His creations were rumoured to cost up to 500 francs - more than £1,000 in today's money. In the 1930s, he introduced blonde highlights and a style of upswept hair.

paragraph: In 1924, Cierplikowski opened a salon at Saks Fifth Avenue in New York which became the most fashionable hair salon in America. Other famous hairdressers, including Sydney Guilaroff, established their reputations there. The peak of Antoine's career was the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1937, when he supervised 400 coiffures in one night.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: After the death of his wife in 1973, Cierplikowski returned to his birthplace, Sieradz, where he died in July 1976.

description: hairdresser and businessman

wikidata_label: Antoine de Paris

wikipedia_title: Antoine de Paris


text: Latinized

text: Anglo-Norman

text: Vieuxpont

text: Normandy

text: Rouen Castle

text: Appleby Castle

text: Brough Castle

text: Sheriff of Westmorland

text: King John

text: Nottingham Castle

text: tallage

text: See of York

text: See of Durham

text: Sheriff of Devon

text: Sheriff of Wiltshire

text: Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany

text: Carlisle Castle

text: Sheriff of Cumberland

text: Brougham Castle

text: Roger de Busli

text: Battle of Lewes

text: Simon de Montfort

text: Battle of Evesham

text: King Henry III

text: moieties

text: Feudal baron of Skipton

text: ward

text: Greystoke in Cumberland

text: Wycombe

text: Knights Templar

text: Vipont

text: Biography

text: Westmorland barony

categories: 1228 deaths,High Sheriffs of Westmorland,High Sheriffs of Nottinghamshire,High Sheriffs of Devon,Burials at the Temple Church,People from Westmorland,High Sheriffs of Derbyshire,High Sheriffs of Cumberland,High Sheriffs of Wiltshire

paragraph: Robert de Vieuxpont

paragraph: Robert de Vieuxpont (died 1227/8) ("alias" Vipont, also Veteripont Latinized to "de Vetere Ponte" ("from the Old Bridge")) was an Anglo-Norman landowner and administrator in the north of England.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was born the younger son of William de Vieuxpont and his wife Maud de Morville.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He entered royal service and was initially employed in Normandy as a paymaster of troops and director of military works, including those on Rouen Castle. He was rewarded in February 1203 by being given custody of Appleby Castle and Brough Castle, to which the lordship of Westmorland was added a month later, together with the office of Sheriff of Westmorland, to be held in perpetuity by his heirs.

paragraph: After returning from Normandy with King John in late 1203 Vieuxpont became increasingly involved in northern administration. In October 1204 he became High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests including control of Nottingham Castle, an important power base and store of the royal treasury. In 1206 he was a justice and assessor of tallage in the northern counties, in 1207 he was given custody of the See of York, and in April 1208 custody of the See of Durham. From 1210 to 1216 he was Sheriff of Devon and from 1210-1213 Sheriff of Wiltshire. He was highly trusted by King John, who put in his care both his treasury, his son Richard and his niece Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany. In 1216 he was also entrusted with the custody of Carlisle Castle, and from 1217 to 1222 was appointed Sheriff of Cumberland. He successfully defended his extensive landholdings from Scottish depredation, and built Brougham Castle in the process.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: In 1213 he married Idoine de Builli, the daughter of John de Builli, a descendant of Roger de Busli, which match brought him more land and honours. By Idonea he had children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Vipont (died 1242), who left children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Vipont (died 1241)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert de Vieuxpont (died 1264), who died from wounds received at the Battle of Lewes (1264) fighting on the side of Simon de Montfort. Following the defeat of de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265 and the return of King Henry III to power, Robert II's estate was seized by the Crown, but was later returned as part of a settlement with the reform leaders, and the Vieuxpont inheritance was divided in moieties between the daughters and co-heiresses of Robert II – Isabella and Idonea. On the death of Idonea Vipont her moiety was regained by Isabella's husband Roger de Clifford, who thenceforth held one of the greatest northern lordships, ancestor of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford (c. 1274 – 1314), Feudal baron of Skipton.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Christiana Vipont, whom her father married off to his ward Thomas de Greystoke, son and heir of William de Greystoke, baron of Greystoke in Cumberland.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In 1227 he bequeathed his body and his estate at Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, to the Knights Templar, and died at some time before 1 February 1228.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vipont

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Westmorland barony

description: English High Sheriff

wikidata_label: Robert de Vieuxpont

wikipedia_title: Robert de Vieuxpont


text: neuroscientist

text: European School, Munich

text: psychology

text: biology

text: University of Konstanz

text: Ruhr University Bochum

text: University of Massachusetts Boston

text: Harvard Medical School

text: Marvin Minsky

text: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: University of St Andrews

text: temporal cortex

text: David Perrett

text: mirror neurons

text: frontal cortex

text: macaque monkey

text: somatosensory cortex

text: insular cortex

text: neuroscientist

text: Bas Kast

text: autism

text: schizophrenia

text: psychopathy

text: European School, Munich

text: European Baccalaureate

text: University of Konstanz

text: Boston

text: neurophysiology

text: University of Massachusetts Boston

text: electrophysiology

text: Max Snodderly

text: Schepens Eye Research Institute

text: Marvin Minsky

text: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: Onur Güntürkün

text: brain asymmetry

text: German National Academic Foundation

text: social neuroscience

text: David Ian Perrett

text: Vittorio Gallese

text: Giacomo Rizzolatti

text: University of Parma

text: premotor cortex

text: neuroimaging

text: functional magnetic resonance imaging

text: secondary somatosensory cortex

text: insula

text: empathy

text: University of Groningen

text: University of Amsterdam

text: European Research Council

text: Marie Curie Actions

text: European Commission

text: VICI grant

text: VIDI grant

text: Marie Curie Excellence Award

text: University Medical Center Groningen

text: Studienstiftung

text: Young Academy of Europe

categories: University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni,French neuroscientists,German neuroscientists,University of Konstanz alumni,Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni,Harvard Medical School alumni,Living people,1973 births

paragraph: Christian Keysers

paragraph: Christian Keysers is a French and German neuroscientist.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: He finished his school education at the European School, Munich and studied psychology and biology at the University of Konstanz, the Ruhr University Bochum, University of Massachusetts Boston, the Shepens eye research Institute of the Harvard Medical School as well as with Marvin Minsky at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He then started his research career at the University of St Andrews by investigating cells in the temporal cortex with David Perrett, and described cells that respond when the monkey views particular faces in a way that correlates with conscious perception. After that, he moved to the University of Parma where he was part of the team that discovered auditory mirror neurons in the frontal cortex of the macaque monkey. He then expanded the notion of mirror neurons to emotions and sensations, by showing that your somatosensory cortex is active not only when you are being touched, but also if you see someone else being touched, and that your insular cortex is active not only if you feel disgusted, but also if you see someone else being disgusted. More recently, he has looked at the neural basis of abnormal empathy in schizophrenia, autism and psychopathy.

paragraph: He has recently published a book called 'The Empathic Brain' which won the "Independent Publisher Book Award" for best science book 2012 and explains his research to a wider public.

paragraph: He is married to neuroscientist Valeria Gazzola, and is a long-standing friend of the German writer Bas Kast.

paragraph: Section::::Current research focus.

paragraph: While we watch a movie, we share the experiences of the actors we observe: our heart, for instance, starts beating faster while we see an actor slip from the roof of a tall building. Why? Specific brain areas are involved when we perform certain actions or have certain emotions or sensations. Some of these areas are also recruited when we simply observe someone else performing similar actions, having similar sensations or having similar emotions. These areas called 'shared circuits' transform what we see into what we would have done or felt in the same situation. With such brain areas, understanding other people is not an effort of explicit thought but becomes an intuitive sharing of their emotions, sensations and actions. Through the investigation of shared circuits, he attempts to understand the neural basis of empathy and its dysfunctions in autism, schizophrenia and psychopathy.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Christian Keysers was born in Belgium in 1973 to a German mother (Regina Rohde) and a French and German father (Gerard Edmond Keysers). He was schooled in French in Liege and later in Waterloo, near Brussels. In 1987 he moved to Munich, and went to the European School, Munich where he met Bas Kast, whose friendship came to accompany him for the rest of his life. He finished his European Baccalaureate as best of the year in 1991.

paragraph: Section::::Studies.

paragraph: Christian Keysers then followed his growing passion for brain sciences by studying psychology and biology at the University of Konstanz, and finished his bachelors in Psychology in 1993. He then went to Boston for one year to explore whether neuroscience research was indeed made for him. He spent several months as an intern in the insect neurophysiology laboratory of Ruth Bennett of the University of Massachusetts Boston, where he learnt many of the basics of electrophysiology. Keen to understand the neural basis of perception, he then went on to become an intern with Max Snodderly at the Schepens Eye Research Institute where he performed single cell recordings in non-human primates. In parallel, he took classes with cognitive scientist and artificial intelligence pioneer Marvin Minsky at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At the end of that year, he was confident that a research career in cognitive neuroscience was exactly what he wanted. He returned to Germany to finish his master program at the University of Konstanz and then performed his master thesis with the Turkish-German neuroscientists Onur Güntürkün on the origins of brain asymmetry. Throughout his university studies, he was recognised as an unusually gifted student, and received the prestigious scholarship of the German National Academic Foundation that is awarded to the top 0.5% of students. He concluded his masters in Psychology and Biology in 1997 with the highest possible grade. Throughout his university studies, he continued his close friendship with Bas Kast, and the passionate discussions on all topics related to brain science they had, greatly influenced the career of both of them.

paragraph: Section::::Research career.

paragraph: After finishing his master, Christian Keysers decided to concentrate on a subfield of cognitive neuroscience called social neuroscience that uses neuroscience methods to understand how we process the social world. He therefore performed his doctoral studies at the University of St Andrews with David Ian Perrett, one of the founding father of the field, to understand how the brain processes faces and facial expressions. This thesis work led to new insights into how quickly the brain can process the faces of others. During this period, Keysers became fascinated with the question of how the brain can attach meaning to the faces of others. How is it for instance, that we understand that a certain grimace would signal that another person is happy? How do we understand that a certain bodily movement towards a glass indicates that the other person aims to grasp a glass? In 1999, Keysers was exposed to a visit of Vittorio Gallese, who presented his recent discovery of mirror neurons in the Psychology department lecture series. This deeply influenced Keysers who decided to move to the lab of Giacomo Rizzolatti to undertake further studies on how these fascinating neurons could contribute to social perception.

paragraph: In 2000, after finishing his doctorate, Christian Keysers moved to the University of Parma to study mirror neurons. In early work there demonstrated that mirror neurons in the premotor cortex not only respond to the sight of actions, but also when actions can only be deduced or heard, leading to a publication in the journal "Science". This work had tremendous impact on the field, as it suggested that the premotor cortex could play a central, modality independent role in perception and may lay the origin for the evolution of speech in humans.

paragraph: Together this work indicated that brain regions involved in our own actions play a role in how we process the actions of others. Keysers wondered whether a similar principle may underlie how we process the tactile sensations and emotions of others, and became increasingly independent of the research focus on the motor system in Parma. At the time, Keysers had also met his to be wife, Valeria Gazzola, a biologist in the final phases of her studies, and together they decided to explore if the somatosensory system might be involved in perceiving the sensations of others. Via a fruitful collaboration with the French neuroimaging specialist Bruno Wicker, they used functional magnetic resonance imaging, and showed for the first time, that the secondary somatosensory cortex, previously thought only to represent a persons own experiences of touch, is also activated when seeing someone or something else be touched. They also showed that the insula, thought only to respond to the experience of first-hand emotions, was also activated when we see another individual experience similar emotions. Together this indicated a much more general principle than the original mirror neuron theory, in which people process the actions, sensations and emotions of others by vicariously activating owns own actions, sensations and emotions. Jointly, this work laid the foundation of the neuroscientific investigation of empathy.

paragraph: Based on this influential work, that was awarded the Marie Curie Excellence Award, Keysers and Valeria were offered to open their own laboratory at the University of Groningen, where Keysers became an assistant professor in 2004, an associate professor in 2005 and a full professor for the neural basis of empathy in 2007, when he was only 34 years old, as one of the youngest full professors of the University. Together with his wife, his work in Groningen concentrated on using human neuroimaging techniques to understand the role of motor, somatosensory and limbic structures in understanding the inner states of others and the dysfunctions of these systems in psychiatric patients. While in Groningen, the team also demonstrated that rats show empathy for the others

paragraph: In 2010, they were then offered to move to the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), the only pure research institute in the Netherlands. Attracted by the ability to complement human neuroimaging studies with fundamental research in rodents, using all the advanced neuroscience techniques available at the NIN, they accepted, and moved the Social Brain Lab to Amsterdam. Keysers also became a full professor at the University of Amsterdam and Valeria an associate professor at the same university, but their main research lab is at the NIN where their research now focuses on understanding the mechanisms of empathy using a combination of human and animal research, using some of the most advanced techniques available, including 7T neuroimaging, neuromodulation as well as electrophysiology, calcium imaging and optogenetics.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and grants.

paragraph: Christian Keysers has received many of the most prestigious research grants both at the European level, including the European Research Council consolidator grant and the Marie Curie Actions Excellence Grant  of the European Commission, and at the national level, including the VICI grant and a VIDI grant of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.

paragraph: He has also received a number of highly competitive prizes, including the Marie Curie Excellence Award, the Research Prize of the University Medical Center Groningen and the "Independent Publisher Book Award" gold medal for best science book 2012.

paragraph: As a student he was a member of the Studienstiftung, Germany's most prestigious foundation for the promotion of excellence in study.

paragraph: He is a member of the Young Academy of Europe since 2012, of which he was elected to the Board in 2014. In 2015, he became the chair of the Humanities and Social Sciences Sections of the Academy.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website of the social brain lab at the NIN

paragraph: BULLET::::- GoogleScholar profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Website for the book The Empathic Brain

description: Neuroscientist working to understand the neural basis of empathy

wikidata_label: Christian Keysers

wikipedia_title: Christian Keysers


text:
Crayford
English
sidecar
Vincent Rapide
Bernie Ecclestone
Halfords
Bexleyheath
driving school
Dartford
National Service
Belvedere
Kent
Series C Shadow
Black Lightning
Zündapp
NSU
Moto Rumi
AJS
Ariel
BMW
Francis-Barnett
Greeves
Matchless
Brands Hatch
grass track
Vincent Motorcycles
500 cc BSA Star Twin
hill climb
Ramsgate
sprint
Manx Norton
Snetterton
Charterhall
AMC
Matchless G50
Matchless G50
Matchless 650cc G12 CSR
Norton 650cc Dominator
Paul Dunstall
Grands Prix
Fath
Camathias
1964 Dutch TT
1964 Isle of Man TT
1966 French Grand Prix
Clermont-Ferrand
racing leathers
Derek Minter
Matchless G50
Manx Norton
Derek Minter
Brands Hatch
AMC
Aermacchi
Triumph Tiger 100
Geoff Monty
OHC
AJS
Matchless
Norton
AJS 7R
Manx Norton
Motor Cycle
"Motor Cycle"
David Dixon
Reynolds 531 frame tubing
Fath
URS
Rickman Metisse
Fath/URS
Queen's University Belfast
John Cooper
Seeley Condor
privateer
John Cooper
North West 200
Brian Ball
Giacomo Agostini
Senior TT
1968 Isle of Man TT
Brian Steenson
1969 Isle of Man TT
Senior TT
1970
Tommy Robb
500cc world championship
Suzuki T500
Barry Sheene
motorcycle frame
Bernie Ecclestone
1986
Brabham
Formula One
Honda CB750
SOHC
swinging-arm
Lester
XL185
Marzocchi
vintage racing
Manx Grand Prix
Murray Walker
Mike Hailwood

categories: British automobile designers,Formula One people,British motorcycle designers,Formula One designers,Isle of Man TT riders,1936 births,English motorcycle racers,Sidecar racers,People from Kent

paragraph: Colin Seeley

paragraph: Colin Seeley (born Colin Jordan Seeley, 2 January 1936, in Crayford, Kent, England) is an English former motorcycle retailer who later became a successful motorcycle sidecar racer, motorcycle designer, constructor and retailer of accessories. In 1992 he was involved in running the Norton Rotary race team.

paragraph: Section::::Early days.

paragraph: Leaving school at fourteen, Seeley started riding on his handyman-father Percy's Vincent Rapide when he obtained his licence at sixteen, beginning his working motorcycle career as an apprentice for "Harcourt Motorcycles", becoming acquainted with Bernie Ecclestone at his nearby used motorcycle salesroom, followed by Halfords motorists' shop, both in Bexleyheath, Kent, and then as a mechanic for a driving school where Seeley also learned to drive a car. Another move was to the "Schwieso Brothers" bike business in Dartford, Kent where he gained experience working with many different marques, also repairing and maintaining bikes in his spare time working in a wooden shed at his parents' home, using his bedroom to store parts.

paragraph: In 1954, after being rejected for National Service as unfit, Seeley had aspirations to own his own motorcycle business, securing rented premises in the "Old Forge", a car garage at Stapley Road in Belvedere, Kent. Whilst his father Percy had progressed from Series A Rapide through Series C Shadow to a Black Lightning, Colin was using a Matchless V-twin sidevalve with a large box sidecar to transport motorcycles signwritten with advertising for his business.

paragraph: In 1956 Seeley established his first retail shop in nearby Nuxley Road, where, with his father Percy, they traded as C.J.Seeley (Sales) Ltd., Motorcycle Specialist, keeping the Old Forge site for service and repairs.

paragraph: As agencies were difficult to obtain, Seeley started with sub-agencies (under the main-dealer umbrella) from Zündapp, NSU and Moto Rumi, also selling bicycles, clothing and accessories, later being appointed as main agents for AJS, Ariel, BMW, Francis-Barnett, Greeves and Matchless. Further expansion in 1958 saw a nearby new showroom, again in Nuxley Road, dedicated to selling and fitting sidecars.

paragraph: Section::::Racing background.

paragraph: When Seeley was fourteen he would cycle to the nearest local race track, Brands Hatch, which had then converted from grass track to hard surface, where he was impressed by Vincent Motorcycles employee Ted Davis racing his Vincent sidecar outfit.

paragraph: Seeley entered his first race in 1954 at Brands Hatch, a one-hour endurance event, riding a solo 500 cc BSA Star Twin borrowed from a friend, where he completed 42 laps during the hour. Pressure of work prevented any further competition until 1957 when Seeley entered his first scramble on a part-exchanged Triumph twin, followed by grass track, hill climb and Ramsgate sprint using the same machine.

paragraph: By 1958 Seeley had acquired an AJS agency and purchased an ex-works 500 cc scrambler which he was uneasy with; also holding a Greeves agency, Seeley approached the factory for support and rode scramblers for them in 1958 and 1959.

paragraph: In 1960, Seeley with his friend – mechanic and employee Wally Rawlings – bought their first sidecar outfit, and ex-Eric Oliver machine based on a Manx Norton, entering their first race at Snetterton in April 1960. With only one other entry accepted during 1960 – at Charterhall in Scotland, 400 miles from his base in Kent – Seeley was disillusioned with the race-regulating bodies.

paragraph: In late 1960, as a rider-agent, Seeley managed to convince the AMC factory to sell him a new Matchless G50 solo race bike to be modified and used with a Canterbury racing sidecar, for which Seeley was an agent. After some encouraging results on local tracks, Seeley entered his first Grand Prix event, the Isle of Man TT in 1961, finishing in sixth place.

paragraph: Seeley raced in the British and world championship sidecar competitions between 1961 and 1967. He raced his own-design machines with Matchless G50 500cc engines and for the UK large-capacity class Matchless 650cc G12 CSR followed by Norton 650cc Dominator engines prepared by Paul Dunstall, but for Grands Prix the size limit was 500cc, meaning the only reliable, competitive engine was the BMW RS54 Rennsport.

paragraph: Abandoning the tall-engine configuration of the single-cylinder Matchless G50 outfit, Seeley campaigned the flat-twin BMW installed in a lower-line outfit called "FCS-BMW"(Fath-Camathias Special). His best competitive results were first place at the 1964 Dutch TT and second-place finishes in the sidecar competitions at the 1964 Isle of Man TT and the 1966 French Grand Prix at Clermont-Ferrand. Seeley was one of the first to wear coloured racing leathers, using red suits together with passenger Roy Lindsay during the 1967 season, a trend started in 1966 by Derek Minter.

paragraph: Section::::Seeley motorcycles.

paragraph: Section::::Seeley motorcycles.:Development.

paragraph: After retiring from competition, Seeley concentrated his efforts on designing and constructing Seeley-framed racing motorcycles, initially powered by AJS and Matchless motorcycle engines.

paragraph: After experimentation during the winter months, the first prototype frame - powered by a Matchless G50 single-cylinder 500 cc engine - was built from Reynolds '531' tubing in early 1966, and was 9 lbs lighter than a standard G50 frame.

paragraph: The prototype had Manx Norton front forks with an eight-inch dual-sided brake by engineer "Edwin 'Eddie' Robinson", which Seeley later retailed separately and Manx Norton rear forks (swinging arm, swingarm) with Manx conical rear hub.

paragraph: Production frames would have a swinging arm made by Seeley, and customers could specify four, five or six-speed gearboxes.

paragraph: Derek Minter tested the bike at a race circuit local to both himself and Colin Seeley – Brands Hatch – describing it as "the best steering solo he'd ever tried" and the front brake as better than the Oldani normally used on his Manx Nortons.

paragraph: When the AMC motorcycle firm closed their in-house race shops in 1963 due to financial problems, although spares were still available, the actual engines were then obsolete.

paragraph: There were no manufacturers producing new 350 cc and 500 cc race machines for purchase, excepting a 350 cc Aermacchi, prompting fears over sustainability of the existing AMC race engines and leading some tuners to turn to developing road engines, such as Triumph Tiger 100 used in the lightweight composite-framed 'Monard' by Geoff Monty and Allen Dudley-Ward, Allen Dudley-Ward's own 'DWS 500' (a Triumph Norton) and Brian Bennett's twin-carb all-Triumph). Although these were not expected to be fully competitive against the OHC AMC race engines, they were a cheaper clubman's starter option.

paragraph: Seeley in late 1966 purchased all the engine tooling and spares for their racing AJS, Matchless and Norton motorcycle brands. The availability of AJS 7R and Matchless G50 engines was ensured, and Seeley did not have to consider manufacturing the AJS and Matchless cycle parts. The Manx Norton spares aspect was sold-on to former sidecar racer John Tickle in 1969, changing hands twice again by 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Seeley motorcycles.:Production.

paragraph: Production began in July 1966, with the first available G50 500 cc bike being purchased by Swiss racer Ernst Weiss. David Dixon track-tested the 350cc AJS 7R-engined version for Motor Cycle albeit hampered by the chassis being fitted for smaller Derek Minter and running-in a new engine, he reported the bike – with a six-speed Schafleitner gearbox – to be the smoothest 7R he'd ridden. Dixon also reported that there was two gearbox options - four-speed or six-speed at extra cost.

paragraph: "Motor Cycle" staff writer David Dixon reported in November 1966 that Seeley was ""hoping to step-up the output of his Seeley 349 cc AJSs and 549 cc Matchlesses for 1967. These will, as in the past, be sold as complete machines ready to race."" Seeley was also appointed as a Reynolds 531 frame tubing stockist.

paragraph: Seeley soon was devising frames for other engines. The 1967 URS 500cc GP four cylinder was ridden by John Blanchard, but the Seeley-frame aspect of the project (provided by Colin Seeley Race Developments) ran into problems with personalities and by the sudden use of a non-Seeley front-brake from rival Rickman, resulting in Seeley confiscating his rolling chassis less the brake, caused the Fath (URS) team to use a Rickman Metisse frame for 1968 onwards. Colin Seeley sold the frame privately, which Blanchard later bought, and using a Fath/URS engine was able to create a successful Grand Prix machine campaigned by German Karl Hoppe

paragraph: In 1968 Seeley developed road-race frames for the 250 cc "QUB" two-stroke twin-cylinder, followed by the 500 cc "QUB" two-stroke single-cylinder engines, both conceived by Dr. Gordon Blair at Queen's University Belfast.

paragraph: Other engines were Yamaha, creating the Yamsel so effectively raced by John Cooper and later Norton twins. Seeley went on to develop in 1971 a roadster based on the Matchless G50 engine called the Seeley Condor.

paragraph: During the late 1960s and early 1970s when almost all the major motorcycle manufacturers had pulled out of Grand Prix racing, the Seeley-designed chassis became the race bike of choice for privateer racers of the era. John Cooper won the 500cc class at the 1968 North West 200, while Brian Ball finished second to Giacomo Agostini in the Senior TT at the 1968 Isle of Man TT, both riders on a Seeley-Matchless. At the 1969 North West 200, John Blanchard and Brian Steenson placed first and second in the 500 class aboard Seeley-designed motorcycles. In the 1969 Isle of Man TT, Seeley placed four of his machines in the top ten in the Senior TT race with third, fourth, sixth and seventh-place finishes. His best result as a constructor came in 1970 when Tommy Robb rode one of his machines to a fourth-place finish in the 500cc world championship. Seeley later used other Japanese engines in his chassis, most notably using a Hi-Tac Suzuki T500 engine for Barry Sheene in 1971. Sheene used the bike to win the British national championship and declared it the best-handling motorcycle he had ever ridden.

paragraph: His designs proved so successful in competition that he earned a reputation as one of the best motorcycle frame designers in the industry. In the 1970s, Seeley moved to automobile racing when Bernie Ecclestone hired him as joint Managing Director of Motor Racing Developments to work on Brabham racing car production, and in 1986 with the Brabham Formula One team.

paragraph: Section::::Seeley motorcycles.:Road bikes and others.

paragraph: Following on from the Condor roadster, during the mid-1970s Seeley - under the name "Colin Seeley International" - produced a special, lightweight, single-seat sporting road bike with Honda CB750 750 cc SOHC engine and front forks, featuring his own fuel tank, seat and exhausts.

paragraph: Additionally, the frame and swinging-arm was available separately as a kit for self-builders having the Honda 750 engine and ancillaries. Seeley was the UK-importer for American-made Lester aluminium motorcycle wheels.

paragraph: In 1977 Seeley produced for Honda a limited-production of 150 'Phil Read Replica' TT Formula 1 race-styled roadsters based on the CB750F2 with accessories by Seeley in Honda Britain colours of blue and red, followed by a 1979 updated version called CB750SS in white with red or blue flashes.

paragraph: Again in 1979 he produced a Seeley Honda TL200 trials bike, a smaller version of the 360cc works bike ridden by Rob Shepherd, based on the XL185 engine with a Reynolds 531 tubing frame, Marzocchi forks and Girling rear shock absorbers. All machines were hand-built, and, with limited production volumes, have become collectors' items.

paragraph: Other product lines were developed. Seeley fairings were instantly recognisable by the styling and twin headlights, as were megaphone-shape replacement silencers with long reverse-cones which he dubbed "Easy-Fit".

paragraph: As vintage racing increased in popularity, Seeley's motorcycles experienced a resurgence with a victory at the 1988 Manx Grand Prix. Since then, Seeley machines have won twelve times in vintage class racing at the Manx Grand Prix.

paragraph: Section::::Charity work.

paragraph: In 1976, Seeley's first wife Joan was diagnosed with cancer which ultimately proved to be terminal; in her memory, Seeley established a small charity named "The Joan Seeley Pain Relief Memorial Trust". Previously administered by a small team of Trustees who died or retired, as of 2013 Seeley and his second wife Eva run the charity, from which they take no expenses, with all the monies raised being invested into equipment for hospital facilities. The present Patron is Murray Walker and previously Mike Hailwood, who was succeeded after his death in 1981 by his widow Pauline.

description: British motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Colin Seeley

wikipedia_title: Colin Seeley


text:
Tain
New York City
mechanic
hydraulic jack
steam carriage
United States

categories: Hydraulic engineers,Scottish inventors,Scottish emigrants to the United States,Scottish civil engineers,American civil engineers,People from Ross and Cromarty,1819 births,1895 deaths

paragraph: Richard Dudgeon

paragraph: Richard Dudgeon (1819, Tain – 9 April 1895, New York City) was a mechanic, noted for his inventions of the hydraulic jack and steam carriage. Born in Scotlan, he emigrated as a boy with his family to the United States, where he became a mechanic in New York. He founded an engineering machine shop on Broome Street and this prospered, so that he was able to live well nearby and have a country estate in Harlem. The business still exists as "Richard Dudgeon, Inc."

description: British engineer

wikidata_label: Richard Dudgeon

wikipedia_title: Richard Dudgeon


text:
Buenos Aires
pagan metal
Tersivel
Tersivel
For One Pagan Brotherhood

categories: 1983 births,Musicians from Buenos Aires,Living people,Argentine musicians

paragraph: Lian Gerbino

paragraph: Lian Gerbino (born 13 August 1983 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine musician, mixing engineer and music producer. Best known for being the frontman for the pagan metal band Tersivel.

paragraph: He's the owner and founder of White Door Mixing, a mixing and mastering studio based in Malmö, Sweden. He is also co-founder of GR Prod, a recording studio which produces Original Music and SFXs.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lian Gerbino was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He started his musical studies at the age of 16 at the Conservatory of Music Juan José Castro. He is the founder, lyricist, main composer, frontman and manager of Tersivel. He is also known for his contribution with the following bands, projects and sites: Nepal, The Drombeg Stone Circle Band, Tengwar, GuitarMasterClass.net.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Tersivel.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "When She Sang" (2006) EP

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Far Away In The Distant Skies" (2010) EP

paragraph: BULLET::::- "For One Pagan Broherhood" (2011) Full-Length

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Argentoratum" (2014) Single

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Worship of the Gods" (2017) Full-Length

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Satyrs Wine Part II" (2018) Single

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Symphonia Ena.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Symphonia Ena" (2016) EP

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With GMC.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Where is Santa" (2009) Single

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Samhain" (2010) Single

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Future is Now" (2011) Single

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Tengwar.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Halfing Forth Shall Stand" (2011)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Guest appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Giltine's Gintaras– "Only Death" (2007) (Piano)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tengwar – "Tengwesta Quendion" (2009) (Choirs)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akelot Tuk – "Exodus of Drama" (2009) (Arrangements)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dolmen– "Anhelos Ancestrales" (2011) (Choirs)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin Safadi– "La Discordia de los Elementos" (2011) (Arrangements)

paragraph: Section::::Production, Mixing & Mastering.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 – Tersivel – "For One Pagan Brotherhood" (CD) (Engineering, Mixing & Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 – Vorgrum – " The Awakening " (EP) (Engineering, Mixing & Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – Na Fianna – " Geis " (CD) (Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 – Tersivel – " Argentoratum " (Single) (Engineering, Mixing, Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 – Symphonia Ena – " Symphonia Ena " (EP) (Composition, Mixing, Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 – Tersivel – " Worship of the Gods" (CD) (Engineering, Mixing, Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 – Edificio – " Instrucciones Para Ser A Medida " (Single) (Mixing, Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 – Tersivel – " Satyrs Wine Part II " (Single) (Engineering, Mixing, Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 – Einher Skald – " Mud And Blood " (CD) (Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 – Edificio – " Edificio " (CD) (Mixing & Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018 – Franco Robert – " Piano Spells I " (CD) (Mixing, Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 - McBrai - " Socierap " - (EP) (Engineering, Mixing, Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 – Blades Draw Blood – " Silver Light " (Single) (Mixing, Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 – Franco Robert – " Piano Spells II " (CD) (Mixing, Mastering)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019 – The Magic Clicks – " Lluvia De Heroes " (CD) (Mastering)

description: Argentine musician

wikidata_label: Lian Gerbino

wikipedia_title: Lian Gerbino


text: Moca, Dominican Republic

text: Dominican Republic

text: Professor Emeritus

text: Harvard Medical School

text: Massachusetts General Hospital

text: medical

text: neuroradiology

text: Neuroradiology

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: University of Pennsylvania

categories: Dominican Republic radiologists,Harvard Medical School faculty,2002 deaths,20th-century philanthropists,University of Pennsylvania alumni,Dominican Republic scientists,Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo alumni,1919 births,American radiologists,Dominican Republic philanthropists

paragraph: Juan Manuel Taveras

paragraph: Juan Manuel Taveras Rodríguez (September 27, 1919, Moca, Dominican Republic—March 28, 2002, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) was a Professor Emeritus at Harvard Medical School and Radiologist-in-Chief Emeritus of the Massachusetts General Hospital. He is widely regarded as the father of the medical specialty of neuroradiology, having co-authored the first textbook of this specialty and founded both the American Society of Neuroradiology and its journal, of which he served for several years as editor.

paragraph: He also made important innovations in training, investigation, radiologic administration, and professional organization which had global impact on the broader spectrum of radiology and the neurosciences throughout the world. Additionally, he was the main force behind the development of the Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud in Santo Domingo, as well as its Centro de Diagnóstico, Medicina Avanzada, Laboratorio y Telemedicina (CEDIMAT), a state-of-the-art medical clinic for diagnosis and treatment, which has become one of the major centers for medical education in Latin America

paragraph: He received medical doctorates from both the University of Santo Domingo in 1943 and from the University of Pennsylvania in 1949, and completed a radiology residency under the direction of Dr. Arthur Finkelstein at the Graduate Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fundación Dr. Juan M. Taveras

alias:
Juan Manuel Taveras Rodriguez
Juan M. Taveras

description: Dominican physician and scientist, father of neuroradiology

wikidata_label: Juan Manuel Taveras

wikipedia_title: Juan Manuel Taveras


text:
South African
author
publisher
health
educator
Johannesburg
Durban
South Africa
natural healing
Vincent Priessnitz
Louis Kuhne
Harry Benjamin
Arnold Ehret
Dugald Semple
George R. Clements
Walter Siegmeister
Johnny Lovewisdom
new age
occult
esoteric
yogic
spiritual
metaphysical
East
California
vitality
higher consciousness
marathon
cancer
newspaper
fruit
humankind
starch
dairy products
animal fat
illness
alkalinize
body
diet
raw
vegetables
detoxification
natural living
self-healing
fruitarianism
fasting
living foods
nutrition
physical culture
hatha yoga
meditation
deep breathing
radiant energy
life extension
vitalism
Johanna Brandt
Theos Bernard
non-toxic
osmotic pressure
rainwater
membrane
tissues
wastes
toxins
ageing
longevity
plant
food
yogic
vomit
Viktoras Kulvinskas
Gary Null
Vibrance/Living Nutrition Magazine

categories: Raw foodists,1931 births,2005 deaths,American non-fiction writers,South African nutritionists

paragraph: Morris Krok

paragraph: Morris Krok (28 April 1931 – October 2005) was a South African author, publisher and health educator.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Background

paragraph: Morris Krok was born in Johannesburg and brought up in Durban, South Africa. As a young man, he started to seek solutions for his health problems and was influenced by natural healing writers of the 20th century such as Vincent Priessnitz, Louis Kuhne, Harry Benjamin, Arnold Ehret, Dugald Semple, George R. Clements, Walter Siegmeister, Essie Honiball and Johnny Lovewisdom. He also studied new age, occult, esoteric, yogic, spiritual and metaphysical writings from the East. Krok migrated to California to develop his work and writings, dedicating his life to the quest for knowledge about health, vitality and higher consciousness. A regular marathon runner, Krok died from cancer of the leg in 2005, blaming "his problem on his terrible diet in his youth and on cooked food temptations from family".

paragraph: Beliefs

paragraph: In the 1950s, a popular South African newspaper featured a story about Krok’s belief that fruit was the ideal food for humankind. In the 1990s and 2000s, David Klein Ph.D., publisher of Living Nutrition, chronicled Krok's famous sayings including "Man will always get colds if he persists in eating large quantities of mucous forming foods in the form of starch, dairy products and animal fats." and "Health is the balance between assimilation and elimination.” in the magazine. Central to Krok's thinking was that mucusless foods held the key to good health. In the article, "A Yogic Perspective" he describes how "To heal and avoid illness, one must alkalinize the body through a diet of predominately raw fruits and vegetables."

paragraph: Writings

paragraph: Krok wrote books on detoxification, internal purification, natural living, self-healing, fruitarianism, fasting, living foods, raw nutrition, physical culture, hatha yoga, meditation, deep breathing, higher consciousness, radiant energy, life extension and vitalism. As well as being an author, Krok published several books by other authors including Johanna Brandt, Otto Abramowski and Theos Bernard, through Essence of Health Publishers.

paragraph: Golden Path

paragraph: Krok's book "Golden Path To Rejuvenation" described how a non-toxic diet and the osmotic pressure of rainwater could detoxify and purify the membranes and tissues of the body. Krok believed that internal purification, was the direct and most effective way for a longer and youthful life. He described how not everything humans eat is used by the body, showing how accumulated wastes and toxins caused by an unnatural diet and other substances, result in illness and premature ageing. His internal purification programme was designed to help increase longevity and remain youthful. He believed internal cleansing in conjunction with plant foods was the 'golden path'. The book also explained the "yogic vomit" technique, a central part of the detoxification regime he endorsed.

paragraph: Legacy

paragraph: Krok was one of a series of 20th-century writers who wrote about fruitarianism, raw nutrition, fasting, detoxification, yoga and higher consciousness. His contemporaries included Brian Clement Ph.D, Dr. Douglas N. Graham, Viktoras Kulvinskas and Robert Gray. Authors who have endorsed Krok's writings in their books include John McCabe, Joe Alexander, Gary Null, Benito De Donno and David Wolfe.

paragraph: Section::::Criticisms.

paragraph: Morris Krok advocated a fruitarian diet in his writings as the optimal diet and described how at stages during his life, he lived "only on fruits". It is claimed that he later advised against a diet of "only fruit" however, it was subsequently reported that Krok's diet consisted of "just fruit".

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Books and booklets written by Morris Krok, many published through Essence Of Health Publishers:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amazing New Health System: Inner Clean Way, 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amazing New Health System: Inner Clean Way, Essence of Health, Wandsbeck, South Africa, 2001,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cream of Yoga, 1987 (booklet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diary Of A Health & Truth Seeker, 1967, 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diet Health And Living On Air, 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- El Frugivorismo de Durban, Barcelona: Cuadernos De Naturismo, , 1980

paragraph: BULLET::::- Formula For Long Life, 1967, 1977 and 2001 (originally From The Deathbed To Boisterous Health)

paragraph: BULLET::::- From The Deathbed To Boisterous Health, 1962, 1963

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fruit: The Food And Medicine For Man, 1961 (alternate title "The Conquest Of Disease")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fruit: The Food And Medicine For Man, Connecticut: O'mangod, 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Golden Path To Rejuvenation: Life’s Most Important Knowledge, 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hatha Yoga In Its Moods Multivarious, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hatha Yoga: The Vibrant Science Of Life, 1975

paragraph: BULLET::::- Health, Diet, and Living on Air (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Health Truths Eternal, 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- Health Truths Eternal (booklet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Metaphysical Diary, 1960s

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mystic Story (booklet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Greater Miracle of Life, 1964

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Kindred Soul: Teachings Of Eternal Truth, 1968

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pathway To Truth, 1974

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raw Juice Therapy & Self-Help, 1967

paragraph: BULLET::::- Science of Natural Healing (booklet), 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soul Knowledge, 1960s (formerly Revelations Of The New Age)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Conquest Of Disease, 1961

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Fog Lifts - autobiography (unpublished)

paragraph: Section::::Essence Of Health publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fast Way To Health - Frank Mccoy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fruitarian Diet & Physical Rejuvenation - Otto Abramowski

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fruitarian System Of Healing - Otto Abramowski, 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fruitarianism: Compassionate Way To Transform Health - Hannah Hurnard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Garden Of The Lord - Hannah Hurnard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gardening Without Digging - Albert Guest, 1973

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hatha Yoga - Theos Bernard, 2001,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heaven Lies Within Us - Theos Bernard, 2002,

paragraph: BULLET::::- I Live On Fruit - Essie Honiball, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- My Healing Secret

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Physiological Enigma of Woman: The Mystery Of Menstruation - Raymond Bernard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prenatal Origin Of Genius - Raymond W. Bernard, (Foreword and Edited by Morris Krok), 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Grape Cure - Joanna Brandt

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yoga Gave Me Superior Health (Heaven Lies Within Us) - Theos Bernard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yoga System Of Health - Yogi Vithaldas

paragraph: Section::::Books cited by Morris Krok.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Autogbiography Of A Yogi - Paramhansa Yogananda

paragraph: BULLET::::- Doctor’s Disease And Health - Cyril Scott

paragraph: BULLET::::- Everybody’s Guide To Nature Cure - Harry Benjamin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Folk Medicine - DeForest Clinton Jarvis

paragraph: BULLET::::- Game Of Life - Florence Shinn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hatha Yoga - Theos Benard

paragraph: BULLET::::- Healing By Water - T. Hartley Hennessy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mucusless Diet Healing System - Arnold Ehret

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nature The Healer - Vera Richter

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Science Of Healing - Louis Kuhn

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Plea for The Order of the Golden Age - H. J. Williams

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pacifying Panicking People -

paragraph: BULLET::::- Provoker - John Toby

paragraph: BULLET::::- Raw Eating - Aterhov T. Hovannessian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Science Of Breath - Yogi Ramacharaka

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sunfood Way To Health - Dugald Semple

paragraph: BULLET::::- Why Grow Old - Tony Officer

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vibrance/Living Nutrition Magazine

description: South AFrican writer

wikidata_label: Morris Krok

wikipedia_title: Morris Krok


text:
Rio de Janeiro
O Rappa
Engenho Novo
Rio de Janeiro
Marcelo D2
Jimi Hendrix
Paul Rodgers
Barcelona
O Rappa
O Rappa
Rappa Mundi
Lado B Lado A
O Silêncio Q Precede O Esporro
7 Vezes
Nunca Tem Fim...
Instinto Coletivo Ao Vivo
Acústico MTV
Acústico MTV
7 Vezes
Musical Video Interactive

categories: Brazilian guitarists,Brazilian composers,Brazilian male singers,Living people,21st-century Brazilian singers,1973 births,Male guitarists,Brazilian songwriters,Brazilian baritones,21st-century guitarists,21st-century male singers,Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)

paragraph: Marcelo Falcão

paragraph: Marcelo Falcão Custódio (born May 31, 1973 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian musician, the lead singer of the group O Rappa.

paragraph: Falcão was born and grew up in Engenho Novo, Rio de Janeiro.

paragraph: He sang with Marcelo D2 in his version of "Hey Joe", popularized in the voice and guitar of Jimi Hendrix, and covered by several big names in rock and pop music in general and Seal, Paul Rodgers, Steve Ray Vaughan, Brian May, David Gilmour, commonly performed in group shows like Guitar Legends (Barcelona, 1992).

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- With O Rappa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 - "O Rappa"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1996 - "Rappa Mundi"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 - "Lado B Lado A"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 - "O Silêncio Q Precede O Esporro"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "7 Vezes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 - "Nunca Tem Fim..."

paragraph: BULLET::::- Live albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 - "Instinto Coletivo Ao Vivo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Acústico MTV"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Ao Vivo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- DVD's

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 - "O Silêncio Q Precede O Esporro"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 - "Acústico MTV"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 - "7 Vezes" (Musical Video Interactive)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 - "Ao Vivo"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - "Acústico Oficina Francisco Brennand"

description: Brazilian musician

wikidata_label: Marcelo Falcão

wikipedia_title: Marcelo Falcão


text:
Stockholm
Swedish
figure skater
World Champion

categories: 1874 births,European Figure Skating Championships medalists,World Figure Skating Championships medalists,Swedish male single skaters,1958 deaths

paragraph: Henning Grenander

paragraph: Henning Grenander (1874, Stockholm - 1958) was a Swedish figure skater. He was the 1898 World Champion.

description: Swedish figure skater

wikidata_label: Henning Grenander

wikipedia_title: Henning Grenander


text:
Rovaniemi
Lordi
Bend Over and Pray the Lord
Scarchives Vol. 1
Great Britain
Mu Arae
Kiss
Gene Simmons

categories: People from Rovaniemi,Rock bass guitarists,21st-century bass guitarists,Finnish heavy metal bass guitarists,Lordi members,Living people,1974 births

paragraph: Sami Keinänen

paragraph: Sami Keinänen (born 13 May 1973 in Rovaniemi) is a Finnish bass player and a former and founding member of Lordi.

paragraph: Using the stage name G-Stealer, Keinänen played the bass in the band from 1996 to 1999 and recorded an album, "Bend Over and Pray the Lord!" with them. The album was released on September 3, 2012, as a part of the Scarchives Vol. 1.

paragraph: In 1999 Keinänen left the band, as he had gotten a job in Great Britain.

paragraph: As G-Stealer, he was a terrible manbeast from the star system Mu Arae, just like Kita. It was originally thought, that this beast could replace genes of creatures it encounters, so that its name would have been Gene Replacer. This was an inside joke about Kiss's bassist, Gene Simmons and as a band greatly influenced by Kiss, Keinänen would in effect be Gene's replacer. It was, however, concluded that "replacer" sounded stupid and Gene couldn't really be replaced. In the end, the name was shortened to G-Stealer.

description: Finnish musician

wikidata_label: Sami Keinänen

wikipedia_title: Sami Keinänen


text:
Baroque
Florence
Cesare Dandini
Pietro da Cortona
Giovanni Battista Marmi
Antonio Domenico Gabbiani
Pietro
Ottaviano
Ognissanti, Florence
Villa del Poggio Imperiale
Villa La Petraja
biography of Cesare

categories: Italian male painters,1675 deaths,17th-century Italian painters,1607 births,Florentine painters,Italian Baroque painters

paragraph: Vincenzo Dandini

paragraph: Vincenzo Dandini (1607–1675) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Florence. He was a pupil of his brother, Cesare Dandini in Florence, then he moved to Rome and worked in the studio of Pietro da Cortona. Among his pupils were Giovanni Battista Marmi and Antonio Domenico Gabbiani. His nephew Pietro and his two children, Ottaviano and Vincezo the younger, also worked as painters in his studio.

paragraph: He painted an "Immaculate Conception" and other canvases for the church of Ognissanti, Florence. He painted a fresco of the "Aurora and the Hours" for the Villa del Poggio Imperiale. He painted a canvas on oil of "Sacrifice of Niobe" for the Villa La Petraja.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- biography of Cesare

alias:
Vincenzo Dandini the Elder
Vincenzo,The Elder Dandini
Vincenzo Dandini The Elder
Vincenzio Dandini

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Vincenzo Dandini

wikipedia_title: Vincenzo Dandini