text:
American football
linebacker
Jacksonville Jaguars
2007 NFL Draft
Dallas Cowboys
Detroit Lions
Atlanta Falcons
college football
Hampton University
Florence, South Carolina
Miami Dolphins
Lawrence Timmons
Hampton University
middle linebacker
tackles
sacks
fumble
interceptions
Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference
Jacksonville Jaguars
2007 NFL Draft
Detroit Lions
Dallas Cowboys
strongside linebacker
San Diego Chargers
New Orleans Saints
Green Bay Packers
injured reserve list
Sean Lee
Rolando McClain
Baltimore Ravens
free agent
Atlanta Falcons
strongside linebacker
Dallas Cowboys
Rolando McClain
Washington Redskins
New York Giants
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
training camp
Sean Lee
linebacker
Tre'Von Johnson
CFL
quarterback
Darian Durant

wikipedia_title: Training camp (National Football League)

categories: Atlanta Falcons players,Hampton Pirates football players,Detroit Lions players,Dallas Cowboys players,1985 births,American football linebackers,Jacksonville Jaguars players,Sportspeople from Florence, South Carolina,Living people

paragraph: Justin Durant

paragraph: Justin Ryan Durant (born September 21, 1985) is an American football linebacker who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the second round of the 2007 NFL Draft and has also played for the Dallas Cowboys, Detroit Lions and Atlanta Falcons. He played college football at Hampton University.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Durant graduated from Wilson High School in Florence, South Carolina in 2003. While there, he was a teammate to Miami Dolphins linebacker Lawrence Timmons. He was a member of the 2002 HSSR All-State team and was twice named to the Region VI Class AAA All-Region team.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Durant played college football at Hampton University. While there he started 39 of 43 games at middle linebacker and finished ranked second in school history with 353 career tackles. He also contributed with 10 sacks, three fumble recoveries, and four interceptions. He also became the first player in the history of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference to earn MEAC Defensive Player of the Year honors three times.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: Durant was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the second round (48th overall) of the 2007 NFL Draft. In four seasons with the Jaguars, he recorded 272 tackles, two interceptions, and two sacks in 50 games with the team.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Lions.

paragraph: On July 29, 2011, Durant signed with the Detroit Lions. In two seasons, he recorded 171 tackles and 1.5 sacks in 29 games played.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: On March 27, 2013, Durant signed a two-year, $1.96 million contract with the Dallas Cowboys. The deal included a $400,000 signing bonus. He was named the starter at strongside linebacker from the start of preseason, but experienced an injury-filled season. He first suffered a groin injury against the San Diego Chargers, that caused him to miss a game. On November 10 against the New Orleans Saints he injured his hamstring, which cost him three games. He returned to face the Green Bay Packers but reinjured the hamstring. He was placed on the injured reserve list on December 17, after playing in 10 games (six starts) and finishing with 24 tackles (two for loss), two quarterback pressures, a pass defensed and a forced fumble.

paragraph: In 2014, after Sean Lee was lost for the season, the plan was for Durant to replace him in the middle, until the Cowboys acquired Rolando McClain from the Baltimore Ravens. He was then moved to the weakside linebacker spot and his level of play earned him the defensive captain role. He was having arguably the best season of his career and was the team's leading tackler, until suffering a torn bicep in Week 8. He also missed two games with a groin injury. He finished with 59 tackles (four for loss), four passes defensed, two quarterback hurries, an interception, two forced fumbles, and a fumble recovery.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: On March 10, 2015, Durant was signed as a free agent by the Atlanta Falcons, with the intention of making him their starting strongside linebacker. He had injury problems in preseason with his foot. In October, he suffered a sprained elbow that forced him to miss three games. He finished with 82 tackles (second on the team) and three passes defensed. He was released by the team on February 8, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys (second stint).

paragraph: Durant was considering retirement before being signed by the Dallas Cowboys to a one-year deal on July 18, 2016, to provide depth at linebacker for a suspended Rolando McClain and other injured players. He played mostly on passing downs. He had a key pass deflection to help preserve a win in the fourth quarter of the second game of the season against the Washington Redskins. He left the eleventh game with a hamstring injury. He returned to play in the thirteenth game against the New York Giants. He suffered an elbow injury against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, that made the team decide to save him for the playoffs and declared him inactive for the last 2 games. He finished with 54 tackles.

paragraph: On July 20, 2017, Durant re-signed with the Cowboys and was assigned to the non-football injury list, while recovering from elbow surgery. On August 14, he was activated to participate in training camp. He wasn't as effective as in his previous seasons, playing in 7 games with 3 starts in place of an injured Sean Lee. In weeks 7, 8 and 9, he was declared inactive after being limited with a groin injury. In week 13, he was declared inactive with a concussion. In weeks 14 and 15, he was declared out with an elbow injury. On December 26, he was released to make room to activate linebacker Tre'Von Johnson.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:NFL statistics.

paragraph: Key

paragraph: BULLET::::- GP: games played

paragraph: BULLET::::- COMB: combined tackles

paragraph: BULLET::::- TOTAL: total tackles

paragraph: BULLET::::- AST: assisted tackles

paragraph: BULLET::::- SACK: sacks

paragraph: BULLET::::- FF: forced fumbles

paragraph: BULLET::::- FR: fumble recoveries

paragraph: BULLET::::- FR YDS: fumble return yards

paragraph: BULLET::::- INT: interceptions

paragraph: BULLET::::- IR YDS: interception return yards

paragraph: BULLET::::- AVG IR: average interception return

paragraph: BULLET::::- LNG: longest interception return

paragraph: BULLET::::- TD: interceptions returned for touchdown

paragraph: BULLET::::- PD: passes defensed

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Durant is the younger brother of retired CFL quarterback Darian Durant.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hampton Pirates bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Atlanta Falcons bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Justin Durant

wikipedia_title: Justin Durant


text: Albanian

text: regent

text: Prime Minister

text: Albania

text: Pandeli Evangjeli

text: Shkolla Normale e Elbasanit

text: Elbasan

text: Albanian

text: Jovan Cico Kosturi

text: Korçë

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Kosturi studied US and German

text: Boston, MA

text: polyglot

text: irredentist

text: Manastir Vilayet

text: Bitola

text: bookkeeper

text: Orhan Pojani

text: Bucharest

text: Albanian boys school in the town

text: Congress of Elbasan

text: Shkolla Normale e Elbasanit

text: Durrës

text: First World War

text: cheta

text: Congress of Durrës

text: Hasan Prishtina

text: Fan Noli

text: June Revolution

text: Ahmet Zogu

text: KONARE

text: 7 April 1939

text: September 1943

text: World War II

text: National day of mourning

text: Mihal Zallari

text: square

text: Skanderbeg Square

text: Socialist Party of Albania

text: Costanzo Ciano

text: Communism in Albania

text: Gestapo

text: History of Albania

categories: 19th-century Albanian politicians,1943 deaths,People from Korçë,Members of the Albanian Orthodox Church,People from Manastir Vilayet,1873 births,Aleksandër Xhuvani University faculty,Albanian philanthropists,Eastern Orthodox Christians from Albania,Chairpersons of the Parliament of Albania,20th-century Albanian politicians,Prime Ministers of Albania

paragraph: Idhomen Kosturi

paragraph: Idhomen Jovan Kosturi (15 May 1873 – 5 November 1943), also known as Idhomeno Kosturi, was an Albanian politician, regent and once acting Prime Minister of Albania. He would become the second representative of Albanian Orthodox population to become head of the Albanian government, after Pandeli Evangjeli. Kosturi was also among the contributors to the first Albanian teachers' school, the Shkolla Normale e Elbasanit, a teacher training institution that was founded on 1 December 1909 in Elbasan.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Kosturi, son of Albanian patriot and activist Jovan Cico Kosturi was born in Korçë in south-eastern Albania, back then Ottoman Empire, on 15 May 1873.

paragraph: Kosturi studied US and German history in Boston, MA, where he resided for several years. He became an American citizen. After his return home, being a polyglot and intellectual and having a patriotic family background, Kosturi joined the Albanian irredentist circles in the Manastir Vilayet. He was vice-chairman of the Secret Committee for the Liberation of Albania based in Bitola. He was a member and bookkeeper of the "Dituria" (Knowledge) society founded in Korçë, and led by Orhan Pojani. After a visit (1902) to Bucharest, Kosturi told Albanians in Korçë that the main concern of Dituria was to improve the Albanian boys school in the town through student attainment of higher grades, selecting better teachers and introducing new subjects. In 1909, he participated as representative of "Dituria" in the Congress of Elbasan, where it was decided the opening of Shkolla Normale e Elbasanit. In 1912, his name appears again as member of the short-lived society "Shoqëria shkollore" (Scholastic society). He was a strong supporter of the Albanian Orthodox Church autocephaly, and the fiorst Albanian church opened in Durrës in 1913. During the First World War he resided in Albania where he led his own "cheta" (guerrilla fighters) from 1914 to 1918.

paragraph: He continued the political involvement in the new Albanian state. In 1919, Kosturi was a delegate in the Congress of Durrës, following with hist participation in the Congress of Lushnje (1920). In 1920, he was elected Minister of Posts and Telegraphs. During the institutional crisis of 1921 in Albania, he served shortly as Prime Minister of Albania, replacing the short-lived government of Hasan Prishtina. Meanwhile, Kosturi had built reputation and financial stability as a successful merchant.

paragraph: brIn 1922, he signed the order for expulsion of Greek Bishop Iakovos (an opponent of Albanian Orthodox Autocephaly) from Korçë.

paragraph: He was a supporter of Fan Noli during the June Revolution of 1924. Kosturi was Deputy Prime Minister in Noli's government of 1924. After the suppression of June Revolution and rise in power of Ahmet Zogu, he went in exile and joined Noli's KONARE (Revolutionary National Committee).

paragraph: Kosturi returned into Albanian political life on 1 October 1943, as a representative of Korçë region, and the same year was elected to lead the Commission for Mandate Verification, later Chairman of Constitutional Assembly of Albania on 25 October 1943. As a chairman, he declared as "void" all laws and legal act approved during 7 April 1939 and September 1943. Thus the "Personal unification" between Albania and Italy (established on 12 April 1939) came to an end. He declared the official Albanian neutrality in World War II.

paragraph: He was shot on 5 November 1943 in Durrës, right after leaving his home. The responsible party was the local Communist Guerrilla Unit. The action was carried out by a young communist, Kolë Laku. It is still unknown why Kosturi was pinpointed by the communists.

paragraph: When the future Albanian Prime Minister Rexhep Mitrovica was voted in the Parliament, he proposed the Assembly to declare National day of mourning. Kolë Laku became well known when he was arrested on 24 February 1944, and would be hanged.

paragraph: For hist merits in Albanian political life and his state-forming and organizative contribute to Albania, Mihal Zallari (member of the Regency) that the square in front of the former Assembly of Albania building (area includes today's "Puppets' Theater", part of the Skanderbeg Square, and Socialist Party of Albania's premises) be renamed from "Costanzo Ciano" to "Idhomene Kosturi".

paragraph: With the rise of Communism in Albania, his patriotic, political, and financial contribution would get annihilated. He would be referred as "traitor" or even "Gestapo agent".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Albania

description: Albanian politician

wikidata_label: Idhomene Kosturi

wikipedia_title: Idhomen Kosturi


text:
Italian
architect
Mannerist
Rome
Pope Paul V
Viggiù
Varese
Domenico Fontana
Santa Maria Maggiore
Palazzo Borghese
Caelian Hill
San Gregorio Magno al Celio
Villa Borghese
Galleria Borghese
Janiculum
Sant'Eligio degli Orefici
San Sebastiano
Palazzo Rospigliosi
Quirinal Hill
Giovanni Vasanzio
Palazzo Sciarra
Villa Torlonia
Frascati

wikipedia_title:
Italy
Architect
Mannerism
Rome
Pope Paul V
Viggiù
Varese
Domenico Fontana
Santa Maria Maggiore
Palazzo Borghese
Caelian Hill
San Gregorio Magno al Celio
Villa Borghese
Galleria Borghese
Janiculum
Sant'Eligio degli Orefici
San Sebastiano fuori le mura
Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi
Quirinal Hill
Giovanni Vasanzio
Palazzo Sciarra
Villa Torlonia (Frascati)
Frascati

categories: Architects from Piedmont,16th-century Italian architects,People from the Province of Varese,Italian Renaissance architects,Architects from Lazio,17th-century Italian architects,1613 deaths,Renaissance artists,1560 births

paragraph: Flaminio Ponzio

paragraph: Flaminio Ponzio (1560–1613) was an Italian architect during the late-Renaissance or so-called Mannerist period, serving in Rome as the architect for Pope Paul V.

paragraph: Ponzio was born in Viggiù near Varese, and he died in Rome. After juvenile training in Milan, he moved to Rome, where he worked briefly with Domenico Fontana.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Design of the Cappella Paolina (Chapel of Paul V) in Santa Maria Maggiore (1605-1611)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Façade on Via Ripetta of Palazzo Borghese (1605-1607)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oratories of Saint Barbara and Saint Silvia on the Caelian Hill near San Gregorio Magno al Celio (1608)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Villa Borghese Pinciana" or ("Borghese villa on the Pincian Hill"; 1609-1613), also referred to as the "Casino Nobile" on the site, which presently is the suburban villa hosting the museum known as the Galleria Borghese. Originally commissioned by the rapacious mecenas, Scipione Borghese, who appears to have played a role in the design. He likely played a role in the design of the gardens and grounds surrounding the villa, and collaborated or was supplanted after his death by Vasanzio (Jan Van Santen).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Casa di Flaminio Ponzio (1610)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fountain of the Acqua Paola on the Janiculum (1610)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Restoration and creation of new cupola, for the church of Sant'Eligio degli Orefici

paragraph: BULLET::::- Design of San Sebastiano and of Palazzo Rospigliosi in Quirinal Hill, both completed by Giovanni Vasanzio (1612)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Palazzo Sciarra (1613)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Villa Torlonia in Frascati

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Web Gallery of Art biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography

alias:
Flaminio Ponzii
Flaminio Ponzi

description: Italian architect

wikidata_label: Flaminio Ponzio

wikipedia_title: Flaminio Ponzio


text:
Qing dynasty
Sino-French War
Hangzhou
Li Hongzao
Zhang Zhidong
Vietnam
Li Hongzhang
Fujian
Fujian Fleet
Far East Squadron
Amédée Courbet
Battle of Fuzhou
Empress Dowager Cixi
Zuo Zongtang
Zhangjiakou
Tianjin
secretary
Nanjing
cookbook
martial arts novel
liver disease
exhumed
Cultural Revolution
Eileen Chang

wikipedia_title:
Qing dynasty
Sino-French War
Hangzhou
Li Hongzao
Zhang Zhidong
Vietnam
Li Hongzhang
Fujian
Fujian Fleet
Far East Squadron
Amédée Courbet
Battle of Fuzhou
Empress Dowager Cixi
Zuo Zongtang
Zhangjiakou
Tianjin
Secretary
Nanjing
Cookbook
Wuxia
Liver disease
Burial
Cultural Revolution
Eileen Chang

categories: Politicians from Tangshan,1903 deaths,1848 births,Qing dynasty admirals,People of the Sino-French War,Qing dynasty politicians from Hebei

paragraph: Zhang Peilun

paragraph: Zhang Peilun (張佩綸) (1848–1903) was a Chinese government official of the late Qing dynasty, who served as a naval commander during the Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Zhang Peilun was born in Hangzhou on November 24, 1848. His father, Zhang Yintang (張印塘, 1797–1854), was a mid-level government official who died when Zhang Peilun was only a child, which left the family in genteel poverty. Zhang was, by all reports, a bright and studious child. After passing the provincial imperial examination at age 23 and the metropolitan one at 24, he came under the tutelage of Li Hongzao and quickly rose to prominence.

paragraph: Section::::Political Views.

paragraph: Zhang was one of the foremost members of the so-called Purist Party () led by Zhang Zhidong, an extremist group which urged resistance to French encroachment in north Vietnam in the early 1880s, even at the cost of war with France, in opposition to the more moderate stance advocated by Li Hongzhang and his supporters.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Fuzhou.

paragraph: Shortly before the outbreak of the Sino-French War, Zhang was appointed imperial commissioner, with responsibility for the defense of Fujian province. His Fujian Fleet was defeated and almost annihilated by the French Far East Squadron, under the command of Admiral Amédée Courbet, at the Battle of Fuzhou (23 August 1884).

paragraph: Zhang had made no serious attempt to coordinate the resistance of the Fujian fleet, and was demoted by the Empress Dowager Cixi on 19 September 1884 and replaced as Fujian defense commissioner by the veteran general Zuo Zongtang. He was then exiled to serve as a soldier in Zhangjiakou, a rural town in Northeast China.

paragraph: Section::::Return from exile.

paragraph: After returning to Beijing/Tianjin in 1888, Zhang managed to find work as a secretary/scribe for his former political enemy, Li Hongzhang. Reportedly, Li was so impressed with Zhang that he encouraged his eldest daughter, Li Ju’ou (李菊藕, 1866–1912), marry to Zhang, despite the couple's disparate ages and opposition from Li Ju’ou's mother.

paragraph: Nonetheless, Li Hongzhang still refused to help Zhang enter public life again and Zhang devoted himself to his literary ambitions instead. He and his family moved to Nanjing after the wedding and Zhang, with the help of his wife, began editing the various works that he had begun writing while in exile. The couple eventually co-wrote a cookbook and a martial arts novel.

paragraph: In 1903, Zhang died in Nanjing at the age of 56 due to an unspecified liver disease. His wife died nine years later and they were buried together. Their graves were exhumed and desecrated during the Cultural Revolution five decades later.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Zhang married a total of three times and had three sons and a daughter.

paragraph: He and his first wife, Zhu Zhixiang (朱芷薌, d.1879) had two sons together, Zhang Zhicang (張志滄, who died young) and Zhang Zhiqian (張志潛, b. circa 1879). After the death of his first wife, he eventually remarried, but his second wife, Bian Cuiyu (邊粹玉, d.1886), died while he was in exile. In 1888 he married Li Ju‘ou. His third marriage was reportedly a happy one and produced a son and a daughter, Zhang Zhiyi (張志沂, 1896–1953) and Zhang Maoyuan (張茂淵, 1898–1991).

paragraph: Zhang Zhiyi's daughter (and Zhang Peilun's granddaughter), Eileen Chang, is one of the most famous Chinese writers of the 20th century.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 豐才嗇遇的張佩綸 (in Chinese)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chere, L., "The Diplomacy of the Sino-French War (1883–1885): Global Complications of an Undeclared War" (Notre Dame, Indiana, 1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eastman, L., "Throne and Mandarins: China's Search for a Policy during the Sino-French Controversy" (Stanford, 1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lung Chang [龍章], "Yueh-nan yu Chung-fa chan-cheng" [越南與中法戰爭, Vietnam and the Sino-French War] (Taipei, 1993)

alias: Ganjiutingliting Shengan Kuizhai Youqiao

description: Chinese politician

wikidata_label: Zhang Peilun

wikipedia_title: Zhang Peilun


text:
Canadian
Buffalo Bandits
National Lacrosse League
Hamilton Nationals
Major League Lacrosse
St. Catharines
Ontario
Governor Simcoe Secondary School
Buffalo Bandits
Billy Dee Smith
2002
Columbus Landsharks
Ken Montour
afro
MVP
2004
2007
2009
National Lacrosse League All-Star Game
2008
NLL Transition Player of the Year
Championship Game
Spartan Warriors
Jr.A
St. Catharines Athletics
Minto Cup
St. Catharines Athletics
Major Series Lacrosse
Mike Miron
St. Regis Indians
Peterborough Lakers
Brick House

categories: Buffalo Bandits players,1980 births,Lacrosse transitions,Lacrosse people from Ontario,National Lacrosse League All-Stars,Sportspeople from St. Catharines,Canadian lacrosse players,National Lacrosse League major award winners,Living people,Toronto Nationals players

paragraph: Mark Steenhuis

paragraph: Mark Steenhuis (born December 3, 1980) is a Canadian professional lacrosse player who plays for the Buffalo Bandits in the National Lacrosse League (NLL) and formerly of the Hamilton Nationals of Major League Lacrosse (MLL).

paragraph: Section::::Introduction to lacrosse.

paragraph: Born in St. Catharines, Ontario, Steenhuis graduated from Governor Simcoe Secondary School in 1998. He did not start playing lacrosse until he was 17 years old, when he was introduced to the game by friend and future Buffalo Bandits teammate, Billy Dee Smith.

paragraph: Section::::NLL career.

paragraph: Steenhuis made his NLL debut in 2002 with the Columbus Landsharks. After the 2002 season, he was traded to the Buffalo Bandits for goalie Ken Montour. Once in Buffalo, Steenhuis quickly became a fan favorite, due in part to his energetic style of play, goal-scoring ability, and athleticism, but also for his afro hair and bright orange shoes.

paragraph: Steenhuis was named MVP of the 2004, 2007 and 2009 National Lacrosse League All-Star Games, becoming the first player in NLL history to be named MVP of multiple All-Star Games. He scored six times in 2004 and 2007 and seven times in 2009. In 2008, Steenhuis was named the NLL Transition Player of the Year. and the NLL Championship Game MVP.

paragraph: On February 14, 2009, he set the league single-game records for assists (13) and points (17).

paragraph: Section::::Canadian Box career.

paragraph: Section::::Canadian Box career.:Junior.

paragraph: After having a surprisingly successful rookie season with the Spartan Warriors in 1999, Steenhuis played two successful years of Jr.A lacrosse with the St. Catharines Athletics, and helped lead the team to a Minto Cup national championship in 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Canadian Box career.:Senior.

paragraph: Steenhuis began his senior career with the St. Catharines Athletics of Major Series Lacrosse. During his first season, he recorded 20 goals and 50 points, and shared the "Gene Dopp Memorial Trophy" for Rookie of the Year with Mike Miron. The next year, Steenhuis had 54 points in 14 games, and was awarded the "Jim Murphy Trophy" for league Most Valuable Player. In 2004, Steenhuis would have a career high of 91 points in just 17 games, averaging 5.3 points per game. Steenhuis played for the St. Regis Indians in 2008 and 2009 before the team folded. In 2010, Steenhuis was selected 1st overall by the Peterborough Lakers in the St. Regis dispersal draft.

paragraph: Section::::Trivia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The song Brick House is always heard (in recent years) when he scores a home goal for the Bandits.

paragraph: Section::::Statistics.

paragraph: Section::::Statistics.:NLL.

paragraph: Reference:

description: lacrosse player

wikidata_label: Mark Steenhuis

wikipedia_title: Mark Steenhuis


text: Basque

text: Basque language

text: French

text: Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port

text: Lower Navarre

text: Bussunarits-Sarrasquette

text: rector

text: Saint-Michel

text: vicar

text: Castilian conquest of Upper Navarre

text: Béarn

text: Castile

text: Bordeaux

text: Oihenart

text: Joan Etxegarai

text: Arnaut Logras

text: pastorals

text: Lower Navarrese

text: orthography

text: bertsolari

text: extemporised

text: Ten Commandments

text: National Library of France

text: Xabier Lete

text: speech recognition

text: Sautrela

text: Basque Television

categories: 16th-century male writers,French-Basque people,Basque writers,People from Lower Navarre,Year of birth unknown,Basque culture,Basque language,Year of death missing

paragraph: Bernard Etxepare

paragraph: Bernard Etxepare (pronounced ) was a Basque writer of the 16th century, most famous for a collection of poems titled "Linguæ Vasconum Primitiæ" ("First Fruits of the Basque Language") he published in 1545, the first book to be published in the Basque language.

paragraph: Section::::Spellings of the name.

paragraph: His first name is also spelled "Bernat" or "Beñat" in Basque, he himself used Bernat. His surname is spelled "Etxepare" in modern Basque but the variant "Detxepare" is also occasionally encountered, in Basque or "Dechepare" in Spanish, both based on the French spelling "D'echepare". He himself used "Dechepare".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Very little is known about his life. He was born c. 1470–1480 in the area of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port in Lower Navarre. His birthplace is the "Etxeparia" farmhouse in Bussunarits-Sarrasquette, and he spent the majority of his life in the valleys of Cize, working as rector in Saint-Michel at the church of Saint-Michel-le-Vieux and vicar in Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port.

paragraph: Etxepare lived through a period of war and upheaval from 1512 onward with the Castilian conquest of Upper Navarre. In one of his poems, "Mossen Bernat echaparere cantuya", he confesses to having spent time in prison in Béarn, although the reasons for his detainment are not very clear. According to some, he was accused of having taken the side of Castile in its conflict with Navarre, not least of all due to religious reasons. Others, however, think that the reasons for his incarceration were moral rather than political. Either way, Etxepare maintained that he was innocent.

paragraph: The date of his death is unknown.

paragraph: Section::::Linguæ Vasconum Primitiæ.

paragraph: In 1545 he published a book in Bordeaux, the "Linguæ Vasconum Primitiæ", generally assumed to be the first book ever printed in Basque. It contains a collection of poems, some religious in nature, some love poems, one about his life, some extolling the virtues of the Basque language and others. It has been suggested by Oihenart in his "L´art poétique basque" from 1665 that some of his prestigious contemporary Basque writers such as Joan Etxegarai and Arnaut Logras who were famous for their pastorals might have been published too. However, if they were, any evidence has been lost.

paragraph: It is written in the Lower Navarrese dialect of Basque, using a French-influenced orthography and the metre and style of writing suggest that Etxepare was a bertsolari, a type of Basque poet known for producing sung extemporised poetry.

paragraph: The book contains:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foreword

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doctrina Christiana" "Christian Doctrine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hamar manamenduyak" "The Ten Commandments"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Iudicio generala" "General Judgement"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amorosen gaztiguya" "The Disappointment of Lovers"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Emazten favore" "In Defense of Wives"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ezconduyen coplac" "The Couplet of the Married Couple"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amoros secretuguidena" "The Secret Lover"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amorosen partizia" "The Separation of Lovers"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amoros gelosia" "The Jealous Lover"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Potaren galdacia" "Asking for a Kiss"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amorez errequericia" "Requesting Love"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amorosen disputa" "The Lovers Dispute"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ordu gayçarequi horrat zazquiçat"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amore gogorren despira" "Contempt for the Harsh Mother"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mossen Bernat echaparere cantuya" "The Song of Mosén Bernat Etxepare"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contrapas"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sautrela"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Extraict des regestes de Parlement"

paragraph: The following example is the "Contrapas", which is a poem that broadly sets out Etxepare's motivation for producing this book and his hopes for the language. Etxepare explains that he is the first Basque writer to have his work published in print. He calls for the Basque language to "go out" and become more widely known, for the Basques to blaze new trails and make themselves known to the world.

paragraph: Note that the above rendition into Standard Basque contains several words which would be spelled like that but are rarely used. Instead of "lengoaje" "language" the indigenous terms "mintzaira" or "hizkuntza" would be most widely used today for example.

paragraph: The only surviving original copy of the book is kept at the National Library of France in Paris. Irrespective of its literary value, his book has enjoyed enduring fame amongst Basques. Especially the last two pieces of his book, or excerpts thereof, are frequently quoted or used otherwise in the Basque scene. During the 1960s for example the Basque musician Xabier Lete produced a musical score to accompany the "Kontrapas". More recently, a newly developed speech recognition software tool has been named Sautrela after the final poem in Etxepare's book and a Basque literature series in Basque Television is also named "Sautrela".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online edition of Linguae Vasconum Primitiae.

description: Navarrese writer

wikidata_label: Bernard Etxepare

wikipedia_title: Bernard Etxepare


text:
Basque
Gero
Basque witch trials
Urdazubi/Urdax
Navarre
Sara
Labourd
Martin Azpilkueta
Francis Xavier
Online edition of "Gero"

categories: Basque-language writers,1644 deaths,1556 births,Basque writers

paragraph: Pedro Agerre

paragraph: Pedro Agerre, best known as "Axular", was one of the main Basque writers of the 17th century. His main work was "Gero" ("Later"), published in 1643, an ascetic book written with elaborate prose and composed following the traumatic period of the Basque witch trials (1609-1613).

paragraph: Despite hailing from the house Axular, located in Urdazubi/Urdax (Navarre), he was appointed to the neighbouring parish of Sara (Labourd), where he stood out in his preaching. On the maternal line, he was related to Martin Azpilkueta and Francis Xavier.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online edition of "Gero"

description: Basque writer

wikidata_label: Pedro Agerre

wikipedia_title: Pedro Agerre


text:
Dokkum
Friesland
Groningen
Frisian
dolmen
Borger, Netherlands
Borger
Drenthe
schout
1680s in archaeology
Timeline of women in science

categories: 1700 deaths,17th-century Dutch poets,1650 births,17th-century Dutch women writers,17th-century writers,People from Dokkum,Women archaeologists,West Frisian-language writers

paragraph: Titia Brongersma

paragraph: Titia Brongersma (Dokkum, Friesland, 1650 – Groningen, 1700) was a Frisian poet of the late 17th century. Her book, "De bron-swaan", was published in 1686 and is virtually the only trace of her literary activity. She also gained prominence for excavating a dolmen at Borger, Netherlands in 1685.

paragraph: Brongersma became widely known for her excavation of the dolmen in Borger in Drenthe. She heard about the dolmen (these are called "hunebed" in Dutch, plural "hunebedden") when she visited Jan Laurens Lenting(h), the "schout" of Borger, around Pentecost 1685. In July she had one of the "hunebedden" excavated; to everyone's surprise the dolmen was a grave site, rather than just a heap of rocks created by giants. She wrote a poem on the topic, "Ode on the hunebed".

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De bron-swaan of mengeldigten van Titia Brongersma", 1686

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hemelsche orgeltoonen", ?

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1680s in archaeology

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of women in science

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aa (van der), Abraham Jacob. Nieuw biographisch, anthologisch en critisch woordenboek van Nederlandsche dichters. partie I, A-B. W. Amsterdam, De Grebber, 1844, p. 479. (Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aa (van der), Abraham Jacob. Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden: deel 2, derde en vierde stuk, Haarlem, Van Brederode, 1855, p. 1392–1393. (Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dykstra, Klaes, et Bouke Oldenhof. Lyts hânboek fan de Fryske literatuer, 2e éd., améliorée et élargie, Leeuwarden, Afûk, 1997, p. 27. (West Frisian language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederiks, Johannes Godefridus, et Frans Jos. van den Branden. Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde, Amsterdam, Veen, 1888-1891, p. 120–121. (Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gemert (van), Lia. « Hiding Behind Words? Lesbianism in 17th-Century Dutch Poetry », Thamyris. Mythmaking from past to present 2, 1995, p. 11–44.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jensen, Lotte. « Brongersma, Titia », Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland, [En ligne], 6 octobre 2009, réf. du 8 août 2014. resources.huygens.knaw.nl (Huygens Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis). (Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jeu (de), Annelies. ’t Spoor der dichteressen: netwerken en publicatiemogelijkheden van schrijvende vrouwen in de Republiek (1600-1750), Hilversum, Verloren, 2000, p. 115–131. (Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klapwijk, Cees (réd.). Titia Brongersma - een noordelijke ster; Dokkum ca. 1650 - ? na 1687, [En ligne], [s. d.], réf. du 8 août 2014. [literatuurgeschiedenis.nl]. (Dutch language)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meijer Drees, Marijke, « Het roemrugt'bre jufferdom van Groningen. Over De bron-swaan, of mengeldichten van Titia Brongersma », Klinkend boeket: studies over renaissancesonnetten voor Marijke Spies (différents auteurs), Hilversum, Verloren, 1994, p. 151. (Dutch language)

description: Dutch poet and writer

wikidata_label: Titia Brongersma

wikipedia_title: Titia Brongersma


text:
Duchess of Guelders
Countess of Zutphen
War of the Guelderian Succession
Reginald III of Guelders
Edward of Guelders
Battle of Baesweiler
William
Reginald II, Duke of Guelders
William II, Duke of Jülich

categories: 14th-century German people,Medieval Dutch women,Duchy of Guelders,14th-century German women,People from the Duchy of Jülich,Medieval Dutch nobility,1405 deaths

paragraph: Maria, Duchess of Guelders

paragraph: Marie of Guelders († May 12, 1405) was one of two pretenders to the title of Duchess of Guelders and Countess of Zutphen on behalf of her son during the War of the Guelderian Succession from 1371 to 1379. The war began after the deaths of her brothers, Reginald III of Guelders and Edward of Guelders. Edward died from wounds received at the Battle of Baesweiler, and Reginald, who was known as the fat, died months later. Succession was also claimed by Marie's sister, Mathilda, whose side was called the "Heeckerens" and were led by Frederik van Heeckeren van der Eze (1320-1386). Her party was called the "Bronckhorsters" and was led by Gijsbert V van Bronckhorst (1328-1356). Upon victory of her party, the title of Duke of Guelders went to her son, William.

paragraph: Marie was daughter of Reginald II, Duke of Guelders and Sophie Berthout, lady of Malines. On December 25, 1362, she married William II, Duke of Jülich († 1393). They had three children:

description: Duchess of Guelders

wikidata_label: Maria of Guelders

wikipedia_title: Maria, Duchess of Guelders


text:
FRSE
advocate
Advocate-Depute
Sheriff
Elginshire
Principal Clerk of Session
Dean Ramsay
Durris Castle
Leuchars
WS
Horatio Nelson
Battle of the Nile
Alexander Forbes Irvine
Edinburgh High School
University of Edinburgh
James Pillans
Aberdeen
Glasgow
Balliol College, Oxford
Faculty of Advocates
University of Edinburgh
Allan Ramsay's
Royal Mile
Ramsay Gardens
New Town
Sheriff of Moray
Thomas Thomson
Principal Clerk of Session
Court of Session
Edinburgh Calotype Club
Spalding Club
Maitland Club
Bannatyne Club
Royal Society of Scotland
James Thomson Gibson Craig
Royal Botanic Garden
Killin
Warriston Cemetery
Edinburgh
Horatio McCulloch
Thomas Thomson, Advocate
Dean Ramsay
Bannatyne Club
Midcalder
Dunrobin Castle
Elgin Cathedral
Hugh Rose
Kilravock
John Hill Burton
Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay
Lord Chancellor
W. K. Burton
Mary Rose Hill Burton
Cosmo Innes Burton
FRSE
"Memoir of Cosmo Innes"

categories: Members of the Faculty of Advocates,People from Kincardine and Mearns,19th-century Scottish people,1874 deaths,Alumni of the University of Glasgow,People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh,1798 births,Alumni of the University of Aberdeen,Academics of the University of Edinburgh,Scottish legal scholars,Burials at Warriston Cemetery,Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford,Scottish antiquarians,Principal Clerks of Session and Justiciary,Scottish historians,19th-century Scottish historians,Scottish sheriffs,Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

paragraph: Cosmo Innes

paragraph: Cosmo Nelson Innes FRSE (9 September 1798 – 31 July 1874) was a Scottish advocate, judge, historian and antiquary. He served as Advocate-Depute, Sheriff of Elginshire, and Principal Clerk of Session.

paragraph: He was a skilled decipherer of ancient Scottish records and helped to compile, edit and index "Acts of the Scottish Parliament 1124–1707". He was said to be tall, handsome but shy. He was accused of being a Catholic sympathiser whilst it remained illegal, and joined the newly created Scottish Episcopal Church, close in practice to the Catholic Church. Dean Ramsay, head of the Episcopal Church, was one of his friends.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Durris Castle to Euphemia Russell and John Innes of Leuchars WS. His middle name, Nelson, is almost certainly to mark Horatio Nelson's then recent victory at the Battle of the Nile in August 1798. Thirteen of his 14 siblings died, only he and his sister Elizabeth survived. His friends included Alexander Forbes Irvine (1818–1892), whose career closely paralleled his own.

paragraph: He was educated at Edinburgh High School, then at the University of Edinburgh under Professor James Pillans. He then undertook further studies at the universities of Aberdeen and Glasgow, and at Balliol College, Oxford (1817–1820) graduating with a BA 1820. He was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1822, and was appointed Professor of Constitutional Law and History at the University of Edinburgh in 1846.

paragraph: In the 1830s he lived in Allan Ramsay's former house, Ramsay Lodge, at the top of the Royal Mile (later absorbed into Ramsay Gardens). He had offices with his brother, Thomas Innes, at 51 North Castle Street in the New Town.

paragraph: From 1840 to 1852 he was Sheriff of Moray during which time he had to deal with protesters angry at the export of potatoes from their district to mitigate the effects of the Irish potato famine. He resigned this role in 1852 to succeed Thomas Thomson in the role of Principal Clerk of Session in the Scottish Court of Session.

paragraph: In 1843 he became a member of the Edinburgh Calotype Club one of the world's first photographic societies. He was also a member of the Spalding Club, Maitland Club and Bannatyne Club.

paragraph: In 1858 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Scotland. His proposer was James Thomson Gibson Craig. He served as the Society's Vice-President 1862–69.

paragraph: In later life Innes lived in Inverleith House in northern Edinburgh. The house still exists and is in the grounds of Edinburgh's Royal Botanic Garden. The Garden was formed from Innes' former garden grounds.

paragraph: He died unexpectedly on 31 July 1874 at Killin while on a "Highland Tour" in Killin. He was buried on 5 August at Warriston Cemetery in Edinburgh. The grave lies on the east side of the main west path, just beyond the large Celtic cross to Horatio McCulloch. Given that Innes was one of the richest persons in Edinburgh, the gravestone is exceptionally modest.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: He was the author of "Memoir of Thomas Thomson, Advocate" (1854), "Scotland in the Middle Ages" (1860), "Sketches of Early Scottish History" (1861), "Lectures on Scotch Legal Antiquities" (1872) and "Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character" (1875, co-written with Dean Ramsay)). He also edited many historical manuscripts for the Bannatyne Club and other antiquarian clubs. He also frequently wrote for the "Quarterly Review" and "North British Review".

paragraph: Photographic works include "A Tour: The Coast of Spain" (an album of 1857); Midcalder Church (1856); Dunrobin Castle (1856); and Elgin Cathedral (1856).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1826 Innes married Isabella Rose, daughter of Hugh Rose of Kilravock. They had nine children: four girls and five boys.

paragraph: His daughter Katherine Innes married historian John Hill Burton in 1855, and another daughter Mary married Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain. Their other children included engineer W. K. Burton, the artist Mary Rose Hill Burton and the chemist Professor Cosmo Innes Burton FCS FRSE.

paragraph: From 1836 he and his wife were appointed the formal guardian of Miss Isabella Grant, daughter of Patrick Grant who had died in India. In 1844 her uncle Captain Alexander Grant challenged the guardianship, however the court found the challenge inappropriate as her home was wholly appropriate and was the will of her father.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Links to several of his works:

paragraph: BULLET::::- - in Scots

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katherine Burton, "Memoir of Cosmo Innes" (1874)

description: British academic

wikidata_label: Cosmo Innes

wikipedia_title: Cosmo Innes


text:
Indo-Parthian
Gandhara
Indus region
Gondophares
Arsacid
Ortaghnes
Pacores
House of Suren
Gandhara
Ortaghnes
Drangiana
Arachosia
Artabanus III
Syria
Tiridates III
de facto
figurehead
Sakastan
Ortaghnes
Pacores
Coins of Abdagases

categories: Indo-Parthian kingdom,Year of birth unknown,1st-century monarchs in Asia,1st-century Iranian people,60 deaths

paragraph: Abdagases I

paragraph: Abdagases I was an Indo-Parthian king, who ruled Gandhara and possibly roughly over the Indus region from c. 46 to 60. He was a nephew and successor of Gondophares, who had laid foundations to the Indo-Parthians after revolting against his Arsacid overlords in c. 19. Abdagases was succeeded by Ortaghnes or Pacores.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Abdagases belonged to the House of Suren, a prominent and influential family within the Arsacid Empire; he was succeeded by his uncle Gondophares as the ruler of Gandhara in c. 46, whilst Ortaghnes succeeded him at Drangiana and Arachosia. The figure of Abdagases is obsecure; according to Gazerani, it is likely that Abdagases may have been the same person as another Abdagases, an influential and powerful Suren noble in the Arsacid Empire, who belonged to a faction of Parthian magnates that were dissatisfied with the Parthian king Artabanus III. The Parthian magnates had at first favored a grandson of Phraates IV, also named Phraates as a more optimal king, who, however, met an abrupt death in Syria. The Parthian magnates then turned to another prince, Tiridates III, who was crowned by Abdagases.

paragraph: Some of the Parthian magnates, however, went to the side of Artabanus, due to their concern of Abdagases becoming the "de facto" ruler of the Arsacid Empire, with Tiridates as a figurehead. As a result, Abdagases and his son Sinnacus withdrew their support from Tiridates as well. This event seems to have coincided with the declarance of independence in Sakastan by the Suren family under Gondophares. The identification of the two Abdagases figures, although supported by some scholars, nevertheless still remains indecisive, due to the lack of numismatic evidence. Abdagases ruled as king till c. 60, and was succeeded by Ortaghnes or Pacores.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Abdagases

description: Parthian king

wikidata_label: Abdagases I

wikipedia_title: Abdagases I


text: Lanark

text: Shetland

text: Switzerland

text: Bohemia

text: Paris

text: Naples

text: Ancona

text: Athens

text: Constantinople

text: Palestine

text: Jerusalem

text: Palm Sunday

text: Egypt

text: Tunis

text: Fez

text: Malaga

text: Crete

text: The Siege of Breda

text: The Siege of Newcastle

text: Poems

text: accessed 28 April 2017

text: "Significant Scots – William Lithgow"

categories: People from Lanark,1582 in Scotland,1645 deaths,1582 births,17th-century Scottish writers,Scottish travel writers,17th-century spies,Scottish explorers,Scottish spies

paragraph: William Lithgow (traveller and author)

paragraph: William Lithgow (c.1585–c.1645) was a Scottish traveller, writer and alleged spy. He claimed at the end of his various peregrinations to have tramped 36,000 miles (57,936km) on foot.

paragraph: Section::::Life and adventures.

paragraph: William Lithgow was born at Lanark, the oldest son of the merchant James Lithgow and Alison Grahame, his wife. A family tradition had it that William was discovered in the company of a certain Miss Lockhart, and her four brothers cut off his ears, earning him the nickname "lugless Willie".

paragraph: Prior to 1610 he had visited Shetland, Switzerland, and Bohemia. In that year he set out from Paris for Rome on the 7 March, where he remained for four weeks before moving on to other parts of Italy: Naples, Ancona, before moving on to Athens, Constantinople, and others. After a three-month stay in Constantinople, he sailed to other Greek localities and then on to Palestine, arriving in Jerusalem on Palm Sunday 1612, and later on to Egypt.

paragraph: His next journey, 1614–16, was in Tunis and Fez; but his last, 1619–21, to Spain, ended in his apprehension at Malaga and torture as a spy.

paragraph: He also visited Crete.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rare Adventures and Paineful Peregrinations", an account of his travels

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Siege of Breda",

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Siege of Newcastle",

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poems".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin Garrett, 'Lithgow, William (b. 1582, d. in or after 1645)', "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 28 April 2017

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Significant Scots – William Lithgow"

description: British explorer

wikidata_label: William Lithgow

wikipedia_title: William Lithgow (traveller and author)


text: orientalist

text: translator

text: lexicographer

text: Arabic-English Lexicon

text: One Thousand and One Nights

text: Kur-án

text: Egypt

text: ancient sites

text: American University in Cairo Press

text: Hereford

text: Gainsborough

text: Bath

text: Arabic

text: Egypt

text: egyptomania

text: Belzon's

text: Egyptian Hall

text: Vivant Denon

text: London

text: Near East

text: Alexandria

text: Cairo

text: Ottoman Empire

text: Old Cairo

text: Muhammad 'Ayyad al-Tantawi

text: coffee shops

text: mosque

text: Islam

text: John Gardner Wilkinson

text: Nile

text: Nubia

text: Abydos

text: Dendera

text: Luxor

text: Kom Ombo

text: Philae

text: Abu Simbel

text: Giovanni Battista Belzoni

text: Ancient Egypt

text: John Murray

text: Description de l'Égypte

text: urban geographer

text: Cairo

text: Old Cairo

text: Nile

text: political history

text: Muhammad Ali of Egypt

text: Ancient Egypt

text: egyptologist

text: hieroglyphics

text: Ancient Egyptian religion

text: Giza pyramid complex

text: Great Sphinx of Giza

text: Valley of the Kings

text: Ramses X

text: Arthur John Arberry

text: Sophia Lane Poole

text: One Thousand and One Nights

text: Stanley Lane-Poole

text: bowdlerized

text: William Harvey

text: Arabic-English Lexicon

text: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft

text: Sophia Lane Poole

text: Kur-án

text: Arabic-English Lexicon

text: Qāf

text: Worthing

text: Sussex

text: Stanley Lane-Poole

text: Reginald Stuart Poole

text: Al-Maqrizi

text: Sophia Lane Poole

text: Reginald Stuart Poole

text: Stanley Lane-Poole

text: Richard James Lane

text: West Norwood Cemetery

text: Griffith Institute

text: University of Oxford

text: Orientalism

text: Orientalism (book)

text: Edward Said

text: Oriental studies

text: DjVu

text: related copyright details

categories: British translators,British orientalists,Translators of One Thousand and One Nights,Translators from Arabic,English orientalists,1801 births,People from Hereford,19th-century translators,British Arabists,1876 deaths,Burials at West Norwood Cemetery,Translators of the Quran into English

paragraph: Edward William Lane

paragraph: Edward William Lane (17 September 1801 – 10 August 1876) was a British orientalist, translator and lexicographer. He is known for his "Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians", "Arabic-English Lexicon" and translation of "One Thousand and One Nights" and "Selections from the Kur-án".

paragraph: Lane also wrote a detailed account of Egypt and the countries ancient sites but the book titled "Description of Egypt" wasn't published during his life. It was first published by the American University in Cairo Press in 2000 and has been republished several times since then.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Lane was born at Hereford, England, the third son of the Rev. Dr Theopilus Lane, and grandnephew of Gainsborough on his mother's side. After his father's death in 1814, Lane was sent to grammar school at Bath and then Hereford, where he showed a talent for mathematics. He visited Cambridge, but did not enroll in any of its colleges.

paragraph: Instead, Lane joined his brother Richard in London, studying engraving with him. At the same time Lane began his study of Arabic on his own. However, his health soon deteriorated. For the sake of his health and of a new career, he set sail to Egypt.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Travels in Egypt.

paragraph: Lane had a few reasons to travel to Egypt. He has been studying Arabic for a long time and there has been an egyptomania in England due to Belzon's exhibition at the Egyptian Hall and Vivant Denon's books "Journey in Lower and Upper Egypt". These might have inspired him to go to Egypt but he also had a practical reason. Lane's health was degenerating while he was living in London and he needed to go to a warmer place during the harsh winter months. There is also a fact that people who spoke Arabic and were familiar with the Near East could have got a job serving the British government. In any case, he got the chance to go to Egypt and sat sail on the 18th of July 1825.

paragraph: Lane arrived in Alexandria in September 1825, and soon left for Cairo. He remained in Egypt for two and a half years, mingling with the locals, dressed as a Turk (the ethnicity of the then-dominant Ottoman Empire) and taking notes of everything he saw and heard. In Old Cairo, he lived near Bab al-Hadid, and studied Arabic, among others, with Sheikh Muhammad 'Ayyad al-Tantawi (1810–1861), who was later invited to teach at Saint Petersburg, Russia.

paragraph: In Egypt lane visited coffee shops, visited the houses of locals, went to the mosque and talked about Islam with the locals. He also became friend with other British travelers in Egypt at that time including John Gardner Wilkinson who was in Cairo at that time. Lane also went on a trip down the Nile to Nubia visiting numerous sites and writing about everything he saw. On this trip he visited Abydos, Dendera, Luxor, Kom Ombo, Philae, Abu Simbel and many other ancient sites. Lane left Egypt on the 7th of April 1828.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Travels in Egypt.:"Description of Egypt".

paragraph: Lane's interest in ancient Egypt may have been first aroused by seeing a presentation by Giovanni Battista Belzoni. His original ambition was to publish an account of what had remained of Ancient Egypt. The London publisher John Murray showed early interest in publishing the mighty project (known as "Description of Egypt" as an homage to the famous "Description de l'Égypte"), but then retracted. This rejection was probably due to the fact that the book had detailed accounts of Egypt, numerous illustrations, and texts in Arabic, Ancient Egyptian (hieroglyphic writing) and Ancient Greek which would significantly raise the cost of printing. There is also the fact that such large publications were going out of fashion and that Lane wasn't an established author which is why no publisher was interested. Lane wasn't from a rich family and couldn't publish it himself so the book wouldn't be published until the twenty first century.

paragraph: His "Description of Egypt" had a lot of merit. In the work he provided a description of the places he visited but also their history. He was an excellent urban geographer best illustrated by the fact that he devoted five chapters of the book writing about everything in Cairo: the way the city looks when you approach it, a detailed account of Old Cairo, monuments in the city, the nature around it etc. He also wrote about rural arias as well.

paragraph: The work doesn't just follow his travels. He also talks about the landscape of Egypt: the deserts, the Nile and how it is formed, the fertility of land, Egyptian agriculture and its climate. He also devotes an entire chapter of the book to a political history of Egypt paying a lot of attention to Muhammad Ali of Egypt.

paragraph: But by far Lane focuses most on Ancient Egypt. "Description of Egypt" shows Lane's talent as an egyptologist event though he wasn't credited as one during his life. The book has an supplement called "On the Ancient Egyptians" in which the author writes about their origin and physical characteristics, the origin of their civilization, hieroglyphics, Ancient Egyptian religion and law, the priesthood, the kings, the military caste, the inferior castes, general manners and customs, sacred architecture and sculpture, agriculture and commerce. He was so fascinated with Ancient Egypt that in a letter he wrote to his friend Harriet Martineau he stated that he has put a lot of effort into staying away from it; he added that in the last eight years he couldn't read a book on this subject as it fascinated him so much that it drew his attention away from his work.

paragraph: He spent 32 days at the Giza pyramid complex drawing, making sketches and taking notes for his work. At the complex Lane even saw laborers pulling down some of the stone from the Great Sphinx of Giza to use it for modern buildings. He stayed at the Valley of the Kings for 15 days sleeping in the tomb of Ramses X and left detailed accounts of all the tombs and concluded that there might be other royal tombs in the valley that are hidden.

paragraph: Lane had 160 illustration accompanying his accounts. They were illustrations about the everyday life in Egypt, historical sites, copies of iconographic representations and hieroglyphs, plans of buildings and maps.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:"Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians".

paragraph: Since Lane couldn't publish his "Description of Egypt", at the suggestion of Murray he expanded a chapter of the original project into a whole book. The result was his "Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians" (1836), published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. The work was partly modeled on Alexander Russell's "The Natural History of Aleppo" (1756). Lane visited Egypt again in 1833 so that he could collect materials to expand and revise the work, after the society accepted the publication. The book became a bestseller (still in print), and won Lane a reputation.

paragraph: The book is very important as Lane leaves detailed accounts of everyday life in Egypt in the 19th century which will be useful to later researchers. Arthur John Arberry visited Egypt a century after Lane and said that it was like visiting another planet - none of the things Lane wrote about were present.

paragraph: Lane was conscious that his research was handicapped by the fact that gender segregation prevented him from getting a close-up view of Egyptian women - an aspect of Egyptian life that was of particular interest to his readers. He was forced to rely on information passed on by Egyptian men, as he explains:Many husbands of the middle classes, and some of the higher orders, freely talk of the affairs of the ḥareem with one who professes to agree with them in their general moral sentiments, if they have not to converse through the medium of an interpreter. However, in order to gain further information, years later he would send for his sister, Sophia Lane Poole, so that she could gain access to women-only areas such as hareems and bathhouses and report on what she found. The result was "The Englishwoman in Egypt: Letters from Cairo, written during a residence there in 1842, 3 & 4, with E.W. Lane Esq., Author of "The Modern Egyptians" By His Sister." (Poole’s own name does not appear.) "The Englishwoman in Egypt" contains large sections of Lane's own unpublished work, altered so that it appears from Poole's perspective (for example "my brother" being substituted for "I"). Billie Melman, Women’s Orients: English Women in the Middle East, 1718-1918. However, it also relates Poole's own experiences in visiting the hareems that were closed to male visitors such as her brother

paragraph: Section::::Work.:"The One Thousand and One Nights".

paragraph: Lane's next major project was a translation of the "One Thousand and One Nights". His version first saw light in monthly parts in the years 1838 to 1840, and was published in three volumes in 1840. A revised edition came out in 1859. The encyclopedic annotations were published, after his death, separately in 1883 by his great-nephew Stanley Lane-Poole, as "Arabian Society in the Middle Ages". Lane's version is bowdlerized, and illustrated by William Harvey.

paragraph: Opinions vary on the quality of Lane's translation. One comments, "... Lane's version is markedly superior to any other that has appeared in English, if superiority is allowed to be measured by accuracy and an honest and unambitious desire to reproduce the authentic spirit as well as the letter of the original." Yet another, "... [Lane's] style tends towards the grandiose and mock-biblical... Word order is frequently and pointlessly inverted. Where the style is not pompously high-flown, it is often painfully and uninspiringly literal... It is also peppered with Latinisms."

paragraph: Lane himself saw the "Nights" as an edifying work, as he had expressed earlier in a note in his preface to the "Manners and Customs", There is one work, however, which represents most admirable pictures of the manners and customs of the Arabs, and particularly of those of the Egyptians; it is 'The Thousand and One Nights; or, Arabian Nights' Entertainments:' if the English reader had possessed a close translation of it with sufficient illustrative notes, I might almost have spared myself the labour of the present undertaking.

paragraph: Section::::Work.:Dictionary and other works.

paragraph: From 1842 onwards, Lane devoted himself to the monumental "Arabic-English Lexicon", although he found time to contribute several articles to the journal of Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft. He went to Egypt in 1842 with his wife, two kids and his sister Sophia Lane Poole who was working on her book "The Englishwoman in Egypt". This time Lane stayed in Egypt for 7 years working six days a week on his lexicon. A local scholar, Ibrahim al-Disqui, helped him with this work. He helped him find manuscripts and went through them correcting errors made by the authors. They became very close due to this long and hard work and stayed friends for a long time after they finished the Lexicon.

paragraph: Lane's "Selections from the Kur-án" appeared in 1843. It was neither a critical nor a commercial success. Moreover, it was misprint-ridden as Lane was for the third time in Egypt with his family collecting materials for the "Arabic-English Lexicon" when it was being printed.

paragraph: Lane was unable to complete the dictionary. He had arrived at the letter Qāf, the 21st letter of the Arabic alphabet, but in 1876 he died at Worthing, Sussex. Lane's great-nephew Stanley Lane-Poole finished the work based on his incomplete notes and published it in the twenty years following his death.

paragraph: In 1854, an anonymous work entitled "The Genesis of the Earth and of Man" was published, edited by Lane's nephew Reginald Stuart Poole. The work is attributed by some to Lane.

paragraph: The part concerning Cairo's early history and topography in "Description of Egypt", based on Al-Maqrizi's work and Lane's own observations, was revised by Reginald Stuart Poole in 1847 and published in 1896 as "Cairo Fifty Years Ago".

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Lane was from a notable orientalist family. His sister, Sophia Lane Poole, was a oriental scholar but so were his nephews Reginald Stuart Poole and Stanley Lane-Poole who were distinguished oriental scholars and archaeologists. His brother, Richard James Lane, was a notable Victorian era engraver and lithographer known for his portraits. In 1840, Lane married Nafeesah, a Greek-Egyptian woman who had originally been either presented to him or purchased by him as a slave when she was around eight years old, and whom he had undertaken to educate.

paragraph: Lane died on 10 August 1876 and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. His manuscripts and drawings are in the archive of the Griffith Institute, University of Oxford.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orientalism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orientalism (book) by Edward Said

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oriental studies

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arberry, A.J. (1960). "Oriental Essays". London: George Allen & Unwin.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irwin, Robert (1994). "The Arabian Nights: A Companion". London: Allen Lane.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irwin, Robert (2006). "For Lust of Knowing". London: Allen Lane.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kudsieh, S. 2016. Beyond Colonial Binaries: Amicable Ties among Egyptian and European Scholars, 1820-1850. "Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics", 36: 44.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane, Edward William (1973 [1860]). "An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians". With a new introduction by John Manchip White. New York: Dover Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane, E. W. 2001. "Description of Egypt". Cairo: American University in Cairo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane-Poole, S. 1877. "Life of Edward William Lane". London: Williams and Norgate.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roper, Geoffrey (1998). "Texts from Nineteenth-Century Egypt: The Role of E. W. Lane", in Paul and Janet Starky (eds) "Travellers in Egypt", London; New York: I.B. Tauris, pp. 244–254.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thompson, Jason (1996). "Edward William Lane's 'Description of Egypt'". "International Journal of Middle East Studies", 28 (4): 565-583.

paragraph: Section::::Biographies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ahmed, Leila (1978). "Edward W Lane". London: Longman.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane-Poole, Stanley (1877). "Life of Edward William Lane". London: Williams and Norgate.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thompson, Jason (2010). "Edward William Lane: The Life of the Pioneering Egyptologist and Orientalist, 1801-1876". Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane's Arabic-English lexicon in the DjVu fileformat: Downloadable At Archive.org In Eight Parts. Each part is about 20 megabytes. See also the related copyright details.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edward William Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, ا

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalogue of the Edward Lane manuscripts in the Archive of the Griffith Institute, University of Oxford

wikidata_label: Edward William Lane

wikipedia_title: Edward William Lane


text:
professional baseball
outfielder
Pittsburgh Pirates
Houston Astros
Los Angeles Angels
Cleveland Indians
Chicago White Sox
Miami Marlins
Westerville, Ohio
Galion
Galion High School
basketball
Ohio State University
Big Ten
Cotuit Kettleers
Cape Cod Baseball League
Houston Astros
Tri-City
New York–Penn League
Lancaster
Corpus Christi
Texas League
Round Rock
Texas Rangers
Oklahoma City
Pacific Coast League
Luis Durango
Milwaukee Brewers
Yovani Gallardo
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Cleveland Indians
Chicago White Sox
Washington Nationals
Bryce Harper
Miami Marlins
Pittsburgh Pirates
University of Notre Dame
Mark Melancon
Ohio State Buckeyes Player Bio

categories: Miami Marlins players,Cleveland Indians players,1987 births,Houston Astros players,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Indianapolis Indians players,Rochester Red Wings players,Major League Baseball outfielders,Ohio State Buckeyes baseball players,Chicago White Sox players,Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players,Baseball players from Ohio,Oklahoma City RedHawks players,Charlotte Knights players,Corpus Christi Hooks players,Lancaster JetHawks players,New Orleans Baby Cakes players,People from Galion, Ohio,Living people,Peoria Javelinas players,Salt Lake Bees players,Tri-City ValleyCats players,Round Rock Express players

paragraph: J. B. Shuck

paragraph: Jack Burdett Shuck III (born June 18, 1987) is an American professional baseball outfielder in the Pittsburgh Pirates organization. He previously played for the Houston Astros, Los Angeles Angels, Cleveland Indians, Chicago White Sox and Miami Marlins.

paragraph: Section::::Amateur career.

paragraph: Born in Westerville, Ohio and raised in Galion, Shuck went to Galion High School. At Galion High, he batted .576 with a 1.650 OPS and had a 1.12 ERA with 134 strikeouts in 69 innings, and also lettered in basketball. Shuck went to Ohio State University where in 2006, as a freshman, he batted .325 in 123 AB as a hitter, and led the team in ERA as a pitcher. He was named the Big Ten Freshman of the Year. In 2007, he hit .382 and had a 4.89 ERA. He played with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League in the offseason. In 2008, he hit .356 and had a 4.29 ERA and led the team in strikeouts. Shuck was drafted in the sixth round, 182nd overall, by the Houston Astros as an outfielder in the 2008 MLB Draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minor leagues.

paragraph: Shuck played 2008 with Short-Season Tri-City, where he hit .300 and was a New York–Penn League All-Star. He played with High-A Lancaster in 2009, where he hit .315 with 18 SB and 36 RBI. He started 2010 with Double-A Corpus Christi, where he was a Texas League All-Star, hitting .298 with 28 RBI in 101 games before earning a promotion to Triple-A Round Rock. After the Astros and the Texas Rangers switched affiliates, Shuck started 2011 with Oklahoma City, where he was a Pacific Coast League All-Star, with a .401 OBP in 101 games before earning a promotion.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Astros.

paragraph: On August 5, 2011, Shuck was called up to the majors to replace Luis Durango, who was designated for assignment. In his first major league at bat, he hit a single off Milwaukee Brewers' Yovani Gallardo and stole second.

paragraph: Shuck spent all of 2012 with Oklahoma City, hitting .298/.374/.352 in 115 games with 33 RBI. On November 3, Shuck elected to become a free agent after refusing outright minor league assignment.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

paragraph: Shuck signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim as a free agent in November 2012 with an invitation to spring training.

paragraph: On July 29, 2013, Shuck hit his first career home run against the Texas Rangers. He appeared in 22 games for the Angels in 2014 and hit .167, but he had spent most of the season with the team's Class AAA minor league affiliate, where he hit .320.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Indians.

paragraph: On September 5, 2014, Shuck was traded to the Cleveland Indians for cash considerations.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago White Sox.

paragraph: On November 3, 2014, Shuck was claimed off waivers by Chicago White Sox.

paragraph: On June 8, 2016, Shuck pitched for the White Sox against the Washington Nationals in the top of the 9th inning in an 11–0 game. He allowed one hit, one run, did not walk or strike out anyone, but he got Bryce Harper to ground out. He was outrighted on November 2, 2016.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minnesota Twins.

paragraph: On December 17, 2016, Shuck signed a minor league deal with the Twins. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Miami Marlins.

paragraph: On November 24, 2017, Shuck signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins. He had his contract purchased on April 13, 2018. He was designated for assignment on July 5. He hit .192 with 4 RBI's. He declared free agency on October 2, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Pirates.

paragraph: Shuck signed a minor league deal with the Pittsburgh Pirates on January 30, 2019. On March 28, it was announced Shuck had made the Opening Day roster. Shuck was designated for assignment on May 4, 2019 and outrighted on May 8. On May 18, it was announced that Shuck would attempt to become a two-way player, splitting his time between pitcher and outfielder.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Shuck is the only son of Jack II and Cindy Sheffer. He has one sister, Amanda.

paragraph: On November 9, 2013, Shuck married Christine Anne Cimino at the University of Notre Dame, making him the second professional baseball player to marry into the Cimino family: Christine's sister, Mary Catherine Cimino, is married to pitcher Mark Melancon.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ohio State Buckeyes Player Bio

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: J. B. Shuck

wikipedia_title: J. B. Shuck


text:
Adeliza
Thomas Basset
Headington
Old English
Richard I
John
Magna Carta
Henry III
sheriff of Rutland
Gilbert
Fulk
Philip

categories: Feudal barons of Wycombe,Year of birth missing,1230s deaths,13th-century English people,People from Oxfordshire,High Sheriffs of Rutland

paragraph: Alan Basset

paragraph: Alan Basset (died 1232 or 1233) was an English baron.

paragraph: Basset was a younger son of Adeliza and Thomas Basset of Headington (Old English "Hedena's dun" or "Heden don"), Oxfordshire. In like favour with Richard I and with John, he received from the former the lordships of Woking and Mapledurwell, and from the latter those of Wycombe and Berewick. With his brothers Gilbert and Thomas he accompanied John to Northampton, when the king of Scots did his homage (22 November 1200), which he tested, and continued throughout John's reign in close attendance on the court, accompanying the king to Ireland in 1210 and to Runnymede (15 June 1215), his name, with that of his brother Thomas, appearing in Magna Carta among those of the king's counsellors.

paragraph: At the accession of Henry III he was one of the witnesses to his re-issue of the charter (11 November 1216), and on the royalist reaction his loyalty was rewarded by his being occasionally employed in the Curia Regis and sent to France on a political mission in 1219–20. He also acted as sheriff of Rutland from 1217 to 1229. Dying in 1232-3 he left three sons: Gilbert, his heir; Fulk, afterwards bishop of London; and Philip, afterwards Justiciar of England.

description: English baron

wikidata_label: Alan Basset

wikipedia_title: Alan Basset


text:
Salvador Flores
Juan Nepomuceno Seguín
Battle of Gonzales
Flores
Texian Army
Stephen F. Austin
Juan N. Seguin
Cos
Texian
Stephen F. Austin
Béxar campaign
Manuel Leal
Salado Creek
Juan Seguin
Plácido Benavides
Siege of Bexar
His brother
Siege of Bexar
James C. Neill
Tejano
Battle of San Jacinto
Sidney Sherman
waterfalls
Seguin, Texas
Ferdinand von Roemer
Flores Falls
Santa Anna
Seguin, Texas
Ráfael Vásquez
Juan Seguin
Adrian Woll
Floresville, Texas
List of Texas Revolution battles
Timeline of the Texas Revolution
Juan Seguin
Salvador Flores

categories: People of Spanish Texas,1868 deaths,Alamo survivors,People from Floresville, Texas,1801 births,Alamo defenders,People of the Texas Revolution,People from San Antonio

paragraph: Manuel N. Flores

paragraph: Manuel Flores (Jose Manuel Nepomunceno Paublino Flores; ca. 1801–1868) served as a volunteer in the Texas army in 1835–1838. Fighting and commanding, he rose through the ranks to reach sergeant status during the fight for Texas independence and was commissioned a captain during the Republic years.

paragraph: Section::::Family history – early years.

paragraph: Manuel Flores was born in Spanish Texas on June 16, 1799, in La Villa de San Fernando de Bexar. He was a skilled vaquero and ranchero that lived on the San Antonio River below San Antonio. He married Maria Josefa Courbière in 1835. He married Margarita Garza in 1858.

paragraph: He was the son of Jose Flores De Abrego and Maria Rodriquez They were a prominent family of Bexar, rich in the ranching history of Texas and steeped in the cause of freedom.

paragraph: Supporting the 1835–1836 Texas independence movement were four Flores De Abrego sons, Captain Salvador Flores Captain Manuel Flores, Lieutenant Nepomuceno Flores, and Private Jose Maria Flores, having participated in the Texas Revolution, serving at Bexar and San Jacinto. Manuel was the brother-in-law of Col. Juan Nepomuceno Seguín.

paragraph: Section::::Texas Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::Texas Revolution.:Battle of Gonzales.

paragraph: Anticipating the Battle of Gonzales, a meeting would be held late in September 1835 at the Flores Ranch, that would organize a volunteer force of Texas ranchers that would favor the impending revolution. In Gonzales, immigrants, colonists, and Texian volunteers continued gathering. The Texian Army would become a mixture of all peoples, interested in the cause of democracy. Manuel Flores would be in favor, and volunteer his services to Texas. Manuel Flores would be the courier to inform Stephen F. Austin that Juan N. Seguin's volunteer company would join in at Béxar, against General Cos.

paragraph: Section::::Texas Revolution.:Siege of Bexar.

paragraph: The attention of the commander of the Texian volunteer forces, Stephen F. Austin, now focused towards a Béxar campaign. Manuel and his brother, Salvador Flores, along with Manuel Leal, organized 41 volunteers from ranches southwest of San Antonio, where they reinforced the Texan forces on the Salado Creek, in mid-October, a few days after Juan Seguin and Plácido Benavides of Victoria had also gathered 70 men to aid Commander Stephen F. Austin. Manuel Flores entered the company with Juan Seguin elected as commander. In December 1835, after a two-month siege of Bexar, that finally ended in ferocious house-to-house fighting, Manuel Flores participated in the removal of Gen. Martín Perfecto de Cos at the Siege of Bexar.

paragraph: Section::::Texas Revolution.:Battle of the Alamo.

paragraph: Seguin stated that he brought 15 men into the Alamo along with him. Lindley believed that the Flores brothers were defending the Alamo some time near the beginning of the siege. Manuel and the volunteers entered the Alamo on February 23. His brother had been one of the 100 or so that had served at the Siege of Bexar and remained in the Alamo with Colonel James C. Neill. At some point later in the siege, after Seguin's departure as a courier, the Flores brothers exited the Alamo, thus making them survivors of the Alamo siege. In 1907, Alamo survivor Enrique Esparza stated that Santa Anna called an armistice for three days and he remembers the Flores brothers leaving at that time. They had entered the Alamo hastily when the Mexican army arrived and now they took the chance to check on the condition of their families, who had been left alone in their homes. After securing the safety of their families, they regrouped and recruited a few more men from the area, gaining a few more Flores brothers. They then rendezvoused with Seguin in Gonzales. There, the native Texan defenders were joined by other men from Gonzales and proceeded westward to reinforce the Alamo. There, on the Cibolo, they waited to team up with Fannin's army. Fannin never made it to the Cibolo, thus the Alamo fell before they could reach it.

paragraph: Section::::Texas Revolution.:Battle of San Jacinto.

paragraph: A company was reorganized in Gonzales during the first week of March 1836, and Manuel Flores became Captain Seguin's first sergeant. This force would now split up. Salvador Flores formed the western rear guard and would maintain this position offering protection from Mexican and Indian attack, while Sergeant Manuel Flores, with his brothers and brother-in-law gathered their company to follow Houston eastward. This company blocked the Mexican army from crossing the Brazos river, preventing them from overtaking the Texians. Sergeant Manuel Flores together with Captain Juan Seguin, Corporal Nepomuceno Flores, Private Jose Maria Flores and their Tejano company would then join in with Houston and Rusk to overtake Santa Anna's army, in the rout at the Battle of San Jacinto.

paragraph: Manuel Flores is credited for taking the lead in the final charge against Santa Anna's army at San Jacinto. Although originally a cavalry company, they would fight with Sidney Sherman's force as infantry. José Maria Rodriquez states in his book "Memoirs of Early Texas", that during the final charge, the Texans fired and fell to the ground waiting for a volley from the Mexican camp, but Manuel Flores remained standing and challenged the Texican Army to "get up" and follow his lead, for the Mexicans were running. They got up and pursued the Army, taking many prisoners.

paragraph: Section::::Republic of Texas.

paragraph: After the Texas Revolution, he was commissioned as first lieutenant in Company B of the Second Regiment of Cavalry. Next he was commissioned the captain of a cavalry company in defense of the new republic, participating in much the same way a ranger company would. In 1838 he established a ranch on the south side of the Guadalupe River near a natural rock waterfalls and directly across from Seguin, Texas. Being one of the larger operating ranches of the time, it was visited in 1846 by German geologist Ferdinand von Roemer, who described the home and the Flores Falls in his works "Die Kreidebildungen von Texas and ihre organischen Einschlüsse" (1852).

paragraph: In 1842, San Antonio was overrun twice, by Santa Anna's forces. During March 1842, the citizens of San Antonio sought refuge at Manuel Flores Ranch in the city of Seguin, Texas. There, a counterattack was planned and Manuel Flores was a member of the party that pursued the army of Ráfael Vásquez. Even though his brother-in-law, Juan Seguin had also joined in the pursuit that chased the invaders from Texas, Seguin was doomed to be blamed for the invasion. The Flores ranch in Seguin would again become a base camp when General Adrian Woll attacked San Antonio in September 1842.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In later years, the Flores descendants were the ones to donate the land for the establishment of the City in Texas that bears their name: Floresville, Texas.

paragraph: A Texas State Historical Marker was placed at the Floresville courthouse during the 1986 Texas sesquicentennial. It now stands in honor to Manuel Flores and his family for their service to Texas.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Texas Revolution battles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of the Texas Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juan Seguin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salvador Flores

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Handbook of Texas Online, s.v. ","  (accessed April 27, 2013).

alias:
Jose Manuel Nepomunceno Paublino Flores
Manuel Flores

description: soldier in the Texas Revolution

wikidata_label: Manuel N. Flores

wikipedia_title: Manuel N. Flores


text: Molovata Nouă

text: Chişinău

text: Moldova

text: Molovata Nouă

text: Moldova State University

text: Union of Cinematographers of Moldova

text: Academy of Sciences of Moldova

text: Chişinău

text: Uniunii Scriitorilor din Moldova

text: Alexandru Plămădeală

text: Arkady Luxemburg

text: Dimitrie Cantemir

text: Vasile Alecsandri

text: Nicolai Costenco

text: Mihai Eminescu

text: Ion Creangă

text: Poet, patriot şi mare român

text: FILMOGRAFIE

text: Anatol Codru

text: Webpagina lui Anatol Codru

categories: Moldova State University alumni,People from Dubăsari District,2010 deaths,Moldovan writers,Moldovan activists,1936 births,Moldovan male writers

paragraph: Anatol Codru

paragraph: Anatol Codru (1 May 1936, Molovata Nouă - 17 August 2010, Chişinău) was a writer and film director from Moldova. He was the head of the Union of Cinematographers of Moldova and a leader of the Democratic Forum of Romanians in Moldova.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Anatol Codru was born to Ion Condrea and Titiana Stăncuţă on May 1, 1936 in Molovata Nouă. He graduated from Moldova State University in 1963. Since 1998, he has been the head of the Union of Cinematographers of Moldova. Anatol Codru is an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Anatol Codru was suffering from cancer and died in Chişinău on August 17, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Premiul I pentru poezie al prestigioasei reviste literare din Moscova „Drujba narodov", 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Filmul Mihai Eminescu este distins cu Premiul I la Festivalul de poezie din Suceava, 1992.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor din Moldova pentru cea mai bună carte de poeme a anului, Intâmplarea mirării, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Academia Internaţională de drept economic îi acordă titlul de Doctor Honoris Causa.2000

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medalia "Mihai Eminescu", Guvernul României

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nopţi albastre" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Îndărătnicia pietrei" (1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Feciori" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Portret în piatră" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Piatra de citire" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mitul personal" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bolta cuvântului" (1997)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trânta" (1968)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Biografie" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alexandru Plămădeală" (1969) compozitor Arkady Luxemburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bahus" (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Arhitectul Sciusev" (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dimitrie Cantemir" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Din îndemnul talentului" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vasile Alecsandri" (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Carnetul de partid" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Biografia cântecului" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plai reînnoit" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Neam de pietrari" (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Balada prietenului meu" (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Visul vieţii mele" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Letopiseţul destinului nostru" (1981)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Puşkin în Moldova" (1982)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Starşinaua Mahail Varfolomei" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Te salut, nouă generaţie" (1983)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "În constelaţia fraternităţii" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tălăncuţa" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cronica familiei Bologan" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sînt acuzaţi martorii" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eu, Nicolai Costenco" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mihai Eminescu" (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ion Creangă" (1998)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.:Scenarist.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dimitrie Cantemir" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ion Creangă" (1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Trânta" (1977)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- *** - "Literatura şi arta Moldovei: Enciclopedie" (Chişinău, 1985–1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mihail Dolgan - "Anatol Codru. Mitul personal" (Chişinău, Ed. Literatura artistică, 1986)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Poet, patriot şi mare român

paragraph: BULLET::::- FILMOGRAFIE

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anatol Codru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Web-enciclopedia filmului moldovenesc - Anatol Codru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Webpagina lui Anatol Codru

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oamenii Transnistriei. Poet, patriot şi mare român

description: Moldovan writer and film director

wikidata_label: Anatol Codru

wikipedia_title: Anatol Codru


text: Pasadena, California

text: California Cycleway

text: Los Angeles

text: Pasadena

text: Los Angeles

text: Arroyo Seco/Pasadena Freeway

text: Exposition Park

text: Philadelphia

text: Republican

text: San Diego

text: Huntington Memorial Hospital

categories: Mayors of Pasadena, California,1868 births,1962 deaths

paragraph: Horace Dobbins

paragraph: Horace M. Dobbins (August 29, 1868 – September 21, 1962) was a Philadelphia-born businessman and politician who served as Mayor of Pasadena, California, United States in 1900-1901.

paragraph: Horace Dobbins was known for building the California Cycleway from Pasadena to Los Angeles.

paragraph: Horace Dobbins had the exclusive idea of incorporating an elevated tollway for bicycles and other horseless vehicles from the Green Hotel in Pasadena to Los Angeles. This idea was brought to mind on 23 August 1897. Dobbins personally secured the right of way for six miles and the completed route was almost nine miles long. Unfortunately, the project came to a halt with the invention of the automobile. Although the Cycleway stopped being used, its route was transformed into what is now the Arroyo Seco/Pasadena Freeway which now is better known as 110.

paragraph: Dobbins entered politics very soon after arriving in Pasadena. He was elected a member of the city board of trustees of which he later became president. It was during the cycle craze that Dobbins was elected mayor of Pasadena on April 16, 1900. He served for one year in this position. Following the failure of the Cycleway, Dobbins turned to other pursuits, including the refurbishment of Los Angeles' Agricultural Park (now Exposition Park), the management of the Broadwood hotel in Philadelphia, and the design and sailing of yachts.

paragraph: Dobbins was also involved with the Americus Club of Pasadena. This club was credited for saving the state for the Republican party in 1896. The idea that Pasadena should organize a marching club was formed on a summer day of 1869. The starters searched for people who were interested and as a result, Dobbins and few more people were invited to a special meeting. There were roles to fill in this organization, so Horace Dobbins served as an adjutant working with many other companies. Later on, after a period of about ten years of continuous active participation in the club, he succeeded Stearns as president.

paragraph: During this period, before and after he became the mayor of Pasadena, he also had many other activities in addition to the Americus Club of Pasadena. For example, he was also involved with business, the best example being the California Cycleway. Before 1900, he was the vice-president of the El Cajon Valley Company in San Diego county, California. This was a successful company at the time which supported him financially for a few years. After he retired from the office of mayor, he became a member of the Pasadena Board of Trade and the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce which is now Southern California’s dominant business federation. It represents hundreds of thousands business interests in California, making it the largest not for profit business federation in Southern California today.

paragraph: Apart from business, Dobbins was also very involved in medicine. He had been part of many medical organizations. He served as president of the Pasadena Board of Health. After a few years, he then moved on to Pasadena Hospital Association and again served as its president. Unlike other organizations he had served in, this one still operates today. Nowadays, it is better known as Pasadena’s Huntington Memorial Hospital.

paragraph: In addition to his medical, business, and trade interests, Dobbin also participated in many entertainment organizations. Out of all them, he was especially actively connected with the Pasadena Tournament of Rose Associations. This includes what Pasadena is known for: the Rose Bowl Game, Rose Parades, and Rose Queens.

paragraph: In his later years, Horace Dobbins became more involved with other activities and non-profit organizations, such as the Pasadena Country Club and the Cumberland Club (which is in Portland, Maine).

description: American politician

wikidata_label: Horace Dobbins

wikipedia_title: Horace Dobbins


text:
Barcelona
Castellón
Ampurias
Peter IV of Aragon
Maria of Navarre
Infanta
Aragon
House of Aragon
John I, Count of Ampurias
Poblet Monastery

categories: Spanish countesses,House of Aragon,14th-century Spanish women,1385 deaths,1344 births

paragraph: Joanna of Aragon, Countess of Ampurias

paragraph: Joanna of Aragon (Barcelona 7 November 1344-Castellón, Ampurias 1385) was the second child of Peter IV of Aragon and his first wife Maria of Navarre. She was an Infanta of Aragon by birth and Countess of Ampurias by her marriage. She was a member of the House of Aragon.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: On the 19 June 1373, Joanna married John I, Count of Ampurias. This was his second marriage after the death of his first wife Blanche of Sicily. Joanna was twenty-nine at the time of the marriage, she was considered an older bride.

paragraph: Many members of her family showed dislike to her father's fourth wife Queen Sibila, due to her low ranking birth and her family's interference at court. Joanna's husband John came into conflict with Sibila, and then rebelled against Joanna's father. The marriage of Peter and Sibila also led to a strain between himself and his three surviving children: Joanna, John and Martin.

paragraph: Joanna and John were married for twelve years, in this time they had two sons:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. John (1375–1401), succeeded his father as Count of Ampurias

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Peter (d.1402), succeeded his brother, however only reigned for a year.

paragraph: Joanna died aged forty or forty-one in 1385. Her husband died thirteen years later in 1398. She is buried at Poblet Monastery.

description: Infanta of Aragon

wikidata_label: Joanna of Aragon, Countess of Ampurias

wikipedia_title: Joanna of Aragon, Countess of Ampurias


text: Luis Ferrant Llausàs

text: Rome

text: Francisco Pradilla

text: Casto Plasencia

text: Manuel Castellano

text: Eduardo Sánchez Solá

text: Jaime Morera

text: Museum of Modern Art

text: Ángel Ferrant

text: San Francisco el Grande

text: National Exhibition of Fine Arts

text: ArtNet: More works by Ferrant.

categories: 19th-century Spanish painters,1917 deaths,1843 births,Spanish male painters,20th-century Spanish painters

paragraph: Alejandro Ferrant y Fischermans

paragraph: Alejandro Ferrant y Fischermans (9 September 1843 – 20 January 1917) was a Spanish painter.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in Madrid, and studied with his uncle, Luis Ferrant Llausàs, and at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. He also received a fellowship to study in Rome, where he was among the first students to attend the "Academia Española de Bellas Artes en Roma", together with Francisco Pradilla, Casto Plasencia, Manuel Castellano, Eduardo Sánchez Solá and Jaime Morera. He was director of the Museum of Modern Art in Madrid, which was merged into the Museo del Prado in 1971. His son Ángel Ferrant was a leading sculptor of the Spanish vanguard.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: He mainly painted religious and historical themes, but also devoted to genre painting and decorative art:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Last Communion of San Fernando."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sibyls and prophets" on the inside of the dome of San Francisco el Grande, Madrid.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Burial of Saint Sebastian."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cisneros, founder of Illescas hospital" - won the first medal of the National Exhibition of Fine Arts of 1892.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- ArtNet: More works by Ferrant.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diccionario de Arte, "Pintores del siglo XIX", Editorial LIBSA, 2001.

alias:
Alejandro Ferrant
Alejandro Ferrant Fischermans

description: painter

wikidata_label: Alejandro Ferrant y Fischermans

wikipedia_title: Alejandro Ferrant y Fischermans