text: suo jure

text: Ponthieu

text: William IV of Ponthieu

text: Alys, Countess of the Vexin

text: Louis VII of France

text: Constance of Castile

text: Ponthieu

text: Simon of Dammartin

text: Alberic II of Dammartin

text: Joan of Dammartin

text: Ferdinand III of Castile

text: Philippe of Dammartin

text: Mansurrah

text: Seventh Crusade

text: Louis IX of France

categories: 1199 births,12th-century French women,12th-century French people,13th-century women rulers,1250 deaths,House of Dammartin,Counts of Ponthieu,13th-century French women,House of Montmorency,French suo jure nobility

paragraph: Marie, Countess of Ponthieu

paragraph: Marie of Ponthieu (17 April 1199 – 21 September 1250) was "suo jure" Countess of Ponthieu and Countess of Montreuil, ruling from 1221 to 1250.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Marie was the daughter of William IV of Ponthieu and Alys, Countess of the Vexin, and granddaughter of King Louis VII of France by his second wife Constance of Castile. As her father's only surviving child, Marie succeeded him, ruling as Countess of Ponthieu and Montreuil from 1221 to 1250.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Marriages and children.

paragraph: She married Simon of Dammartin before September 1208. He was the son of Alberic II of Dammartin and Maud de Clermont, daughter of Renaud de Clermont, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis. Simon and Marie had four daughters but only two are recorded. Their elder daughter was Joan of Dammartin (1220- 16 March 1279), second wife of Ferdinand III of Castile. Their younger daughter was Philippe of Dammartin (died 1277/81) who married firstly Raoul II d' Issoudun, secondly Raoul II de Coucy, and thirdly Otto II, Count Geldern.

paragraph: Marie married secondly sometime between September 1240 and 15 December 1241, Mathieu de Montmorency, Seigneur d'Attichy, who was killed in battle at Mansurrah on 8 February 1250 during the Seventh Crusade, led by King Louis IX of France.

description: Countess suo jure of Ponthieu and Montreuil

wikidata_label: Marie, Countess of Ponthieu

wikipedia_title: Marie, Countess of Ponthieu


text:
U.S. Army
general
Spanish–American War
World War I
Fort Hamilton, New York
Samuel Blatchford
Richard Milford Blatchford
Samuel Blatchford
Williston Seminary
Claverack College
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Infantry and Cavalry School
Fort Leavenworth
U.S. Army War College
second lieutenant
11th Infantry Regiment
Dakota Territory
Kansas
Arizona
captain
Spanish–American War
Puerto Rico
Philippines
garrison
colonel
Texas City, Texas
12th Infantry Regiment
San Francisco Presidio
John J. Pershing
Stanford University
El Paso, Texas
Nogales, Arizona
Pancho Villa
Álvaro Obregón
Infantry School
Fort Sill
brigadier general
National Army
Line of Communications
American Expeditionary Forces
major general
Francis Kernan
Neufchâteau
Johnson Hagood
Depot Brigade
Camp Sherman, Ohio
Panama Canal Department
Panama Canal Zone
Presidio of San Francisco
Camp Lewis
Vancouver Barracks
"General G. O. Squier"-class
transport ship
U.S. Navy
World War II

categories: United States Army generals,Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni,American military personnel of World War I,United States Army War College alumni,People from Brooklyn,1934 deaths,American military personnel of the Spanish–American War,1859 births

paragraph: Richard M. Blatchford

paragraph: Richard Milford Blatchford (August 17, 1859 – August 31, 1934) was a U.S. Army general who served in the Spanish–American War and World War I.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Richard Milford Blatchford was born on August 17, 1859, at Fort Hamilton, New York. He was the son of Samuel T. Blatchford (1822–1886) and Agnes Leadbeater Blatchford (1824–1911), and his ancestors had come from Devonshire, England in the eighteenth century. His great-grandfather was Reverend Samuel Blatchford, his great-uncle was the New York attorney Richard Milford Blatchford, and the U.S. Supreme Court Justice Samuel Blatchford was a cousin.

paragraph: He was educated at Williston Seminary in Massachusetts and Claverack College in New York, and graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with the class of 1882. He was also a graduate of the Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth, and of the U.S. Army War College, then in Washington, D.C.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Blatchford was commissioned as a second lieutenant in October 1883. With the 11th Infantry Regiment, Blatchford served on the American frontier in Dakota Territory, Kansas, and Arizona.

paragraph: He became a captain on April 26, 1898, during the first days of the Spanish–American War. Following two tours of duty in Puerto Rico, he served in the Philippines from 1901 to 1904, both in the field and in garrison, with the 28th, 11th, and 6th Regiments.

paragraph: After a brief tour as a recruiter in New York, Blatchford was an instructor and inspector for the Missouri National Guard. However, he had served with the 11th Infantry Regiment almost continuously while rising through the ranks, and in April 1913, he became a colonel and was given command of the regiment in Texas City, Texas.

paragraph: In 1914, Blatchford was assigned to command the 12th Infantry Regiment, then stationed in the San Francisco Presidio. Blatchford's regiment, a part of the Eighth Brigade under Brigadier General John J. Pershing, included 700 enlisted men and 30 commissioned officers. In April 1914, while on training maneuvers near Stanford University, Blatchford received orders for his regiment to travel with Pershing by rail to El Paso, Texas, where Pershing assembled the Eighth Brigade to guard the Mexican border. The regiment was later stationed at Nogales, Arizona, where Blatchford made arrangements for Pershing's peace conference on August 29, 1914 with Mexican generals Pancho Villa and Álvaro Obregón.

paragraph: While commanding the 12th, Blatchford organized a regimental school of musketry at the Presidio. By late 1915, Colonel Blatchford had been detailed as commandant of the Army's School of Musketry (today's Infantry School) at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, and held that position in April 1917 at the time of America's entry into World War I.

paragraph: On May 15, 1917, Blatchford was promoted to brigadier general of the National Army. He sailed for France in July 1917, to observe trench warfare and Allied training methods, and on July 25, he was appointed commanding general of the Line of Communications, part of the American Expeditionary Forces. On August 5, 1917, he received a promotion to major general of the National Army. Blatchford failed to organize a functioning line of communication in France, resulting in inadequate transport of supplies to U.S. troops. Unhappy with his performance, Pershing decided to replace Blatchford with Francis Kernan. After being relieved of his command in Paris, Blatchford took charge of billeting at Neufchâteau. According to General Johnson Hagood, this job "certainly did not warrant a special headquarters with a major general in command," but Blatchford maintained a large staff for allocating billets and office space, including a colonel in charge of constructing new buildings.

paragraph: In November 1917, Pershing sent Blatchford back to America, due to lack of competence. To spare his feelings and reputation, Pershing told him that he was needed to train a combat unit and then lead it to France to take part in the fighting. Blatchford later viewed the removal as a stain on his career, and he pursued the matter with Pershing after the war. In response, Pershing wrote that Blatchford's performance had in fact been unsatisfactory, and that their "lifelong friendship" had caused Pershing to refrain from telling him so at the time.

paragraph: Despite being replaced as head of the Line of Communications, Blatchford's career flourished after his return from France. He briefly commanded the 158th Depot Brigade at Camp Sherman, Ohio (1917–1918), before taking command of the Panama Canal Department in 1918. He remained in command at the Panama Canal Zone through 1919, continuing after the end of the war. He later commanded the Presidio of San Francisco (1920–1921), 8th Infantry Brigade and Camp Lewis (1921), and 5th Infantry Brigade and Vancouver Barracks (1921–1922).

paragraph: He retired on December 1, 1922 with his permanent rank of brigadier general.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: In 1930, Congress passed legislation allowing the temporary generals of World War I to retire at the highest rank they had held, and Blatchford was promoted to major general on the retired list.

paragraph: Blatchford died on August 31, 1934 in San Francisco. He had no children by either of his two marriages.

paragraph: , launched in 1944 and named in his honor, was a "General G. O. Squier"-class transport ship for the U.S. Navy in World War II.

description: United States Army general

wikidata_label: Richard M. Blatchford

wikipedia_title: Richard M. Blatchford


text: O.F.M.

text: S.T.D.

text: Pieve Santo Stefano

text: Province of Arezzo

text: Vatican II

text: Pontifical Lateran University

text: Ss. Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia

text: Catholic-pages

categories: Italian Friars Minor,1922 births,Italian cardinals,People from the Province of Arezzo,2009 deaths

paragraph: Umberto Betti

paragraph: Umberto Betti, O.F.M., S.T.D. (7 March 1922 – 1 April 2009) was an Italian priest of the Order of Friars Minor who on 24 November 2007 was appointed a Cardinal-Deacon of the Roman Catholic Church.

paragraph: Betti was born in Pieve Santo Stefano, Province of Arezzo. He began his novitiate in the Province of St. Francis Stigmatised in Tuscany on 23 July 1937, made his first profession on 2 August 1938 and his solemn profession on 31 December 1943. He was ordained priest on 5 April 1946.

paragraph: He obtained his doctorate in Dogmatic Theology and followed specialised studies at the Catholic University of Louvain in 1951-1951, after which he taught dogmatic theology in the order's study houses in Siena and Fiesole, and again in 1963–1964, after which he was appointed professor at the Pontifical University Antonianum in Rome, where he taught until 1991.

paragraph: He was a consultant to the Preparatory Theological Commission for the Vatican II Council, in which he was also an expert. He contributed to the writing of the Dogmatic Constitutions "Dei Verbum" and "Lumen Gentium", and held several posts in the Roman "Curia". He was Rector Magnificus of the Pontifical Lateran University from 1991 to 1995.

paragraph: On 24 November 2007, Betti was appointed Cardinal-Deacon of "Ss. Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia". He died aged 87 at the Provincial Infirmary of St. Francis on the hill of Fiesole, where he had lived since the year 2000.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic-pages

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cardinal Umberto Betti, Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church website

description: cardinal

wikidata_label: Umberto Betti

wikipedia_title: Umberto Betti


text:
Count of Flanders
Battle of Cassel
Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders
Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut
Hainaut
Baldwin
Robert
Richilde
dowager
de jure
Countess of Hainaut
regent
came of age
Philip I of France
William FitzOsborn
Eustace II, Count of Boulogne
Battle of Cassel
Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester
Counts of Flanders family tree

categories: Counts of Flanders,1071 deaths,Counts of Hainaut,1050s births,House of Flanders

paragraph: Arnulf III, Count of Flanders

paragraph: Arnulf III (died 22 February 1071) was Count of Flanders from 1070 until his death at the Battle of Cassel in 1071.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born , Arnulf was the eldest son of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders and Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut. On his deathbed in 1070, Baldwin left Flanders to his eldest son Arnulf and Hainaut to the next oldest son Baldwin with the provision that if either preceded the other in death, he would inherit the other's county as well. Baldwin VI further entrusted his brother Robert with the safeguard of his son Arnulf, who was still a minor, to which Robert gave his oath of homage and solemn promise to protect his nephew. Richilde, Arnulf's mother, the dowager Countess of Flanders and "de jure" Countess of Hainaut, was to be regent in Flanders until Arnulf came of age.

paragraph: After his father's death in 1070, his uncle Robert 'the Frisian' broke his oath and disputed the succession. Richilde appealed to King Philip I of France, who summoned Robert to appear before him. Robert refused and continued his aggression against Richilde and Arnulf, at which point Philip amassed an army which he brought to Flanders. The French army was accompanied by Norman troops, probably sent by Arnulf's aunt Queen Matilda and led by William FitzOsborn. Also allied to Arnulf III was Eustace II, Count of Boulogne who raised considerable support for the young count and his mother. The two forces met at the Battle of Cassel on 22 February 1071. In that engagement Robert's forces were ultimately victorious but Robert himself was captured and his forces in turn captured the Countess Richilde. Both were freed in exchange and the battle continued to its conclusion. Among the dead was Arnulf, killed by Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester, possibly by accident. As a result of the battle Robert claimed the countship of Flanders. The Countess Richilde and her son Baldwin returned to Hainaut but continued to instigate hostilities against Robert. As he was a minor at his death and unmarried, Arnulf III had no issue.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Counts of Flanders family tree

description: Count of Flanders

wikidata_label: Arnulf III, Count of Flanders

wikipedia_title: Arnulf III, Count of Flanders


text: count of Hainaut

text: Houffalize

text: Margaret II of Flanders

text: Bouchard IV of Avesnes

text: William II of Dampierre

text: Baldwin

text: Emperor Frederick II

text: Flanders

text: Hainaut

text: William III of Dampierre

text: Louis IX of France

text: Guy

text: Battle of West-Capelle

text: Charles of Anjou

text: William II, Count of Holland

text: German King

text: King of the Romans

text: Seventh Crusade

text: Christmas Eve

text: Valenciennes

text: Adelaide of Holland

text: John II, Count of Hainaut

text: Holland

text: Bouchard

text: Bishop of Metz

text: Guy

text: Bishop of Utrecht

text: William

text: Bishop of Cambrai

text: Floris

text: stadholder

text: Prince of Achaea

text: Avesnes (Jan van)

text: Counts of Hainaut family tree

categories: Avesnes family,1257 deaths,1218 births,People from Houffalize

paragraph: John I, Count of Hainaut

paragraph: John of Avesnes (1 May 1218 – 24 December 1257) was the count of Hainaut from 1246 to his death.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Houffalize, he was the eldest son of Margaret II of Flanders by her first husband, Bouchard IV of Avesnes. As the marriage of Margaret and Bouchard was papally dissolved, he was considered illegitimate.

paragraph: His mother was remarried to William II of Dampierre and bore more children who could claim her inheritance. Thus, John and his brother Baldwin undertook to receive imperial recognition of their legitimacy and did so from the Emperor Frederick II in March 1243. On 5 December 1244, Margaret inherited Flanders and Hainaut and designated her eldest son by her second husband, William III of Dampierre, as her heir. Immediately a war, called the War of the Succession of Flanders and Hainault, was set off over the rights of inheritance, pitting John against William.

paragraph: After two years of fighting, in 1246, Louis IX of France intervened to settle the conflict. He granted Hainaut to John and Flanders to William. However, Margaret refused to hand Hainaut over to John. On 6 June 1251, William of Flanders was assassinated and it was shown that the Avesnes family had financed the crime. On 4 July 1253, John defeated the armies of Margaret and her second Dampierre son, Guy, at the Battle of West-Capelle. Guy was imprisoned and Margaret agreed to sell her rights to Hainaut to Charles of Anjou if he would reconquer it from John. John's brother-in-law William II, Count of Holland, who had been elected German King (or "King of the Romans"), was convinced to grant Hainaut (an imperial fief) and those Flemish lands within the Empire to John. Charles was defeated and King Louis, returning from the Seventh Crusade, ordered his brother to abide by his arbitration of 1246. On 22 November 1257, Guy finally relinquished Hainaut, but John died on Christmas Eve in Valenciennes.

paragraph: Section::::Family and children.

paragraph: He married Adelaide of Holland in 1246 and had the following issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John II, Count of Hainaut and Holland (1247–1304)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baldwin (born after 1247, lived in 1299)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joanna, Abbess of Flines (died 1304)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bouchard, Bishop of Metz (1251–1296)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guy, Bishop of Utrecht (1253–1317)

paragraph: BULLET::::- William, Bishop of Cambrai (1254–1296)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Floris, stadholder of Zeeland and Prince of Achaea

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obreen (1911) (in Dutch). "Avesnes (Jan van)." In: P.C. Molhuysen and P.J. Blok (eds.): "Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek. Deel 1." Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff. Page 200.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alphonse Wauters (in French). "Jean d'Avesnes" in: "Biographie nationale". Académie royale de Belgique. Vol. 10, pp. 280–292.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Counts of Hainaut family tree

description: Count of Hainaut

wikidata_label: John I, Count of Hainaut

wikipedia_title: John I, Count of Hainaut


text: Floris IV, Count of Holland

text: Matilda of Brabant

text: William II

text: Count of Holland

text: King of Germany

text: Count Floris V

text: John I of Avesnes

text: Count of Hainaut

text: regent

text: Floris V

text: Valenciennes

text: John I

text: Town privileges

text: Schiedam

text: Holland

text: Jacob van Maerlant

text: John II, Count of Hainaut

text: Holland

text: Bishop of Metz

text: Guy

text: Bishop of Utrecht

text: Bishop of Cambrai

text: Floris

text: stadholder

text: Prince of Achaea

text: Counts of Hainaut family tree

text: Counts of Holland family tree

text: Aleid van Holland

text: Adelaide/Aleid of Holland

categories: Countesses of Hainaut,Countesses of the Netherlands,13th-century women rulers,1230 births,1284 deaths

paragraph: Adelaide of Holland

paragraph: Adelaide of Holland (; – buried 9 April 1284), Countess of Hainaut, was a Dutch regent. She was a daughter of Floris IV, Count of Holland and Matilda of Brabant. She was also a sister of William II, Count of Holland and King of Germany. She acted as regent for her nephew Count Floris V during his minority.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: On 9 October 1246, Adelaide married John I of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut. Like her mother, she was a patron of religious houses. Her religious interest is reflected in that three of her sons became bishops, and her one daughter became an abbess. She also insisted on a bilingual education for them.

paragraph: Between 1258 and 1263, Adelaide was regent of Holland in the name of her nephew Floris V. She called herself Guardian of Holland and Zeeland (Tutrix de Hollandie et Zeelandie). After he came of age, she continued to advise him. She died in 1284 at Valenciennes, but in 1299, with the death of Floris' son John I, it was her own son John II who inherited Holland through her.

paragraph: She gave Town privileges to Schiedam, which afterwards had the right to be called a city. In it she founded "Huis te Riviere", which was then the second largest castle in Holland.

paragraph: Jacob van Maerlant dedicated his first poem, "Geesten", to Adelaide.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: With John I, she had the following issue:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. John II, Count of Hainaut and Holland (1247–1304)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Baldwin (born after 1247, lived in 1299)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Joanna, abbess of Flines (died 1304)

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Bouchard, Bishop of Metz (1251–1296)

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Guy, Bishop of Utrecht (1253–1317)

paragraph: BULLET::::6. William, Bishop of Cambrai (1254–1296)

paragraph: BULLET::::7. Floris, stadholder of Zeeland and Prince of Achaea (1255–1297)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Counts of Holland family tree

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aleid van Holland at the Institute of Netherlands History (Dutch)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelaide/Aleid of Holland collected and translated by Professor Joan Ferrante of Columbia University

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Women's Biography: Adelaide/Aleid of Holland", contains several letters to and from Adelaide.

description: Dutch noble

wikidata_label: Adelaide of Holland

wikipedia_title: Adelaide of Holland


text: Count

text: Holland

text: Count Floris V

text: King Edward I of England

text: Elizabeth

text: Eleanor of Castile

text: John III, Lord of Renesse

text: Ipswich

text: Flanders

text: Dordrecht

text: John II

text: house of Avesnes

text: dysentery

text: Hainaut

text: Adelaide of Holland

text: personal union

text: Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford

text: Counts of Hainaut family tree

text: Counts of Holland family tree

categories: Medieval child rulers,Counts of Holland,Rulers who died as children,1284 births,1299 deaths,House of Holland

paragraph: John I, Count of Holland

paragraph: John I (1284 – 10 November 1299) was Count of Holland and son of Count Floris V. John inherited the county in 1296 after the murder of his father.

paragraph: Shortly after his birth, after negotiations between Floris and King Edward I of England in April 1285, he was betrothed to Elizabeth, a daughter of Edward and Eleanor of Castile. Soon after this the infant John was sent to England to be raised and educated there at Edward's court. In 1296, after the murder of John's father Count Floris V, King Edward invited a number of nobles from Holland with English sympathies, amongst whom were John III, Lord of Renesse, and . On 7 January 1297 John married Edward's daughter Elizabeth at Ipswich. Soon after this, he was allowed to return to Holland, although being made to promise to heed the council of Renesse and Borselen. Elizabeth was expected to go to Holland with her husband, but did not wish to go, leaving her husband to go alone. After some delay and spending Christmas 1297 with part of her family in Ghent, Elizabeth did join her husband in Holland in 1298.

paragraph: At first Renesse acted as regent, but on 30 April 1297, John had appointed Wolfert van Borselen regent in his stead, until his fifteenth birthday. As regent, Wolfert van Borselen, pursued a policy of neutrality towards Flanders and England. He came into conflict with the city of Dordrecht and was killed there by a mob on 30 August 1299. After this Count John II of the house of Avesnes took over the regency, for a few months. Count John I of Holland died at Haarlem in the same year, on 10 November, childless and only fifteen years old, reportedly of dysentery, but there were suspicions he was murdered.

paragraph: With his death without descendants, and all his siblings having died young, the heirs to the county of Holland were his father's cousins of Hainaut, sons of John's grandaunt Adelaide of Holland. From this time to the extinction of Hainaut as an independent county, Holland was in personal union with Hainaut.

paragraph: Three years after John's death, his young widow remarried to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Counts of Hainaut family tree

paragraph: Section::::External links and sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Count Holland and Frisia, Chapter 2. COUNTS OF HOLLAND (900)-1299

description: Count of Holland

wikidata_label: John I, Count of Holland

wikipedia_title: John I, Count of Holland


text:
Count of Hainaut
Count of Holland
Count of Zeeland
William I
Joanna of Brabant
France
English
Edward III
Saracens
Lithuania
Utrecht
Stavoren
Warns
Frisians
Louis IV
Hainaut
Holland
Zeeland
Counts of Hainaut family tree
Counts of Holland family tree
Friso-Hollandic Wars
Frisia

categories: Counts of Holland,1307 births,1345 deaths,Avesnes family,Counts of Hainaut,Military personnel killed in action,14th-century people of the Holy Roman Empire

paragraph: William II, Count of Hainaut

paragraph: William II (1307 – 26 September 1345) was Count of Hainaut from 1337 until his death. He was also Count of Holland and Count of Zeeland. He succeeded his father, William I, and married Joanna of Brabant in 1334, but had no issue.

paragraph: Section::::Military career and death.

paragraph: William fought in France as an ally of the English. (He was the brother-in-law of Edward III.) He went on crusade against the Saracens and the Lithuanians. He besieged Utrecht, because his one-time favourite bishop John van Arkel of Utrecht had turned against him. He died at Warns, near Stavoren, during one of the battles of Warns against the Frisians in 1345.

paragraph: Section::::After his death.

paragraph: William was succeeded by his sister, who was married to emperor Louis IV. Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland became a part of the imperial crown domains.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friso-Hollandic Wars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frisia

description: Count of Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland

wikidata_label: William II

wikipedia_title: William II, Count of Hainaut


text: Budapest

text: Hungarian

text: table tennis

text: women's singles event

text: gold medal

text: World Table Tennis Championships

text: London

text: Angelica Rozeanu

text: Anna Sipos

text: English Open

text: List of table tennis players

text: Maria Mednyanszky

text: Maria Mednyanszky

categories: 1901 births,Hungarian table tennis players,1978 deaths

paragraph: Mária Mednyánszky

paragraph: Mária Mednyánszky (7 April 1901 Budapest – 22 December 1978 also Budapest) was a Hungarian international table tennis star.

paragraph: Section::::Table tennis career.

paragraph: She became the first official women's world champion winning the women's singles event gold medal in the first edition of the World Table Tennis Championships, held in 1926 at London. She went on to win the title for five successive years and won a further 18 world titles. Only Angelica Rozeanu holds more women's singles titles than her.

paragraph: She won seven doubles titles including six consecutive wins with Anna Sipos. She also won three English Open titles.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: She was awarded the Golden Order of the Hungarian People's Republic in 1976, Hungary's highest sporting honour.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of table tennis players

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of World Table Tennis Championships medalists

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Mednyanszky ITTF Hall of Fame. Accessed September 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maria Mednyanszky at I GUINNESS DEL TENNISTAVOLO (Italian) Accessed Sept 2007

description: Hungarian table tennis player

wikidata_label: Mária Mednyánszky

wikipedia_title: Mária Mednyánszky


text:
Roman usurper
Zosimus
Alexander Severus
Syria
Roman Empire
Shapur I
Sassanid
Persia

categories: People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars,3rd-century deaths,Year of birth unknown,3rd-century Roman usurpers,Aurelii,Julii,Royal Family of Emesa

paragraph: Uranius

paragraph: Uranius is the name of two possible Roman usurpers of the third century.

paragraph: The first Uranius is mentioned only by Zosimus, and was briefly active during the latter part of the reign of Alexander Severus. He was chosen by dissatisfied soldiers along the Danube and from a lowly background. There is little confirmatory evidence of his existence.

paragraph: A second, and better attested usurper was Lucius Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Severus Uranius Antoninus, who appears to have been active in Syria in the early 250s. Coins minted in Emesa have been found bearing his name, and invoking the local deity Sol Invictus. Some scholars have connected him to an Emesan priest active in this period known as Sampsiceramus.

paragraph: It's not clear whether the coins that were struck in Syria belong to the same man (or men) spoken about in the texts. If the later date is correct Uranius might have helped defend the Roman Empire against Shapur I, the Sassanid king of Persia.

paragraph: What happened to him after his claim on the throne is not known.

description: Roman Usurper

wikidata_label: Uranius

wikipedia_title: Uranius


text:
Bayview-Hunters Point
The Roots
Cody ChesnuTT
2007
Beatles
musical
Across the Universe
Jimi Hendrix
While My Guitar Gently Weeps
Don't Let Me Down
stage name
Parliament Funkadelic
Morehouse College
Official Site
Martin Luther Biography

categories: Male actors from San Francisco,Guitarists from San Francisco,21st-century American singers,1970 births,Singers from San Francisco,Living people,The Roots members

paragraph: Martin Luther McCoy

paragraph: Martin Luther McCoy (born July 1975) is an American musician and actor.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: McCoy is a San Francisco native from the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Martin collaborated extensively with musicians like The Roots and Cody ChesnuTT and appears as one of the six lead characters in the 2007 Beatles musical "Across the Universe" in the role of "Jo-Jo", who reflects Jimi Hendrix. In the film, McCoy performs the song "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", and "Don't Let Me Down" and also provides guitar and vocals on others.

paragraph: McCoy goes by the stage name of "Martin Luther" in his music career. For his acting work he is credited under his full name.

paragraph: Martin Luther developed his mix of musical genres as a child where he was raised on choir hymns through his religious parents. At the same time, he learned how to play piano and was exposed to the sounds of Parliament Funkadelic.These eclectic tastes redirected Martin Luther's interests as he experimented with the sounds of funk. He taught himself how to play the drums and the piano, incorporating the wider range of instruments into his music.

paragraph: Martin Luther blends gospel with rock and R&B in his music with the release of his first solo album The Calling in 1999, and followed it with an independent release of his second album Rebel Soul Music in 2004 on his own label Rebel Soul Records; his third album "Love is the Hero" was released in 2012.

paragraph: While pursuing a music career, Martin Luther continued his education, receiving a degree in Media Arts from Morehouse College with a concentration in Entertainment Law and Marketing and graduated in 1992.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Martin Luther Biography

description: American actor

wikidata_label: Martin Luther McCoy

wikipedia_title: Martin Luther McCoy


text: FRS

text: FRSE

text: zoologist

text: paleontologist

text: Mechelen

text: State University of Leuven

text: zoology

text: Paris

text: Georges Cuvier

text: curator

text: Leuven

text: Catholic University of Leuven

text: Royal Society of London

text: Royal Society of Edinburgh

text: biologist

text: Edouard van Beneden

text: Leuven, Belgium

text: parasitology

text: parasitic worms

text: Institut de France

text: marine biology

text: aquarium

text: Ostend

text: Paul Gervais

text: cetacean

text: Antwerp

text: mutualism

text: Full text available from Archive.org

text: Full text available from Archive.org

text: Full text available from Archive.org

text: Full text available from Archive.org

text: Full text available from Archive.org

text: Full text available from Archive.org

text: University of Edinburgh

text: LL.D.

text: Royal Society

text: Linnæan

text: Zoological

text: Order of Leopold

text: American Academy of Arts and Sciences

text: Leuven

text: Matthias Breyne et al.

categories: Foreign Members of the Royal Society,Belgian zoologists,Fellows of the Linnean Society of London,1894 deaths,1809 births,People from Mechelen,Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,Belgian paleontologists,Belgian Roman Catholics,Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences,Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences

paragraph: Pierre-Joseph van Beneden

paragraph: Pierre-Joseph van Beneden FRS FRSE FGS FZS (19 December 1809 – 8 January 1894) was a Belgian zoologist and paleontologist.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Mechelen, Belgium, he studied medicine at the State University of Leuven, and studied zoology in Paris under Georges Cuvier (1769–1832). In 1831 he became curator at the natural history museum in Leuven, and from 1836 until 1894 was a professor of zoology at the Catholic University of Leuven. In 1842 he became a member of the "Académie des sciences de Belgique", becoming its President in 1881. In 1875 became a foreign member of the Royal Society of London and in 1884 an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

paragraph: In 1843 he established one of the world's first marine laboratories and aquariums.

paragraph: He was the father of biologist Edouard van Beneden (1846–1910). Pierre-Joseph van Beneden died in Leuven, Belgium.

paragraph: Section::::Scientific work.

paragraph: Van Beneden was a specialist in the field of parasitology, being known for his comprehensive studies on the development, transformation, and life-histories of parasitic worms. In 1858 a treatise on this subject won the "Grand prix des sciences physiques" of the Institut de France. It was published in the "International Scientific Series" (1875), under the title "Les commensaux et les parasites dans le règne animal", and was translated into English and German.

paragraph: He did extensive research in marine biology, and in 1843 established an aquarium and marine laboratory in Ostend.

paragraph: With French zoologist Paul Gervais (1816–1879), he published an important work on extinct and living cetaceans titled "Ostéographie des Cétacés, vivants et fossiles". His interest in this matter had begun during the excavations rendered necessary by the fortifying of Antwerp, when a number of bones of fossil whales were exposed to view. His papers on the extinct species found near Antwerp were published in the "Annales du musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Brucelles", and with them was incorporated a description of the fossil seals which were discovered in the same area.

paragraph: He introduced the term mutualism in 1876.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: A selection of books by Pierre-Joseph van Beneden with full text available.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Animal parasites and messmates (1876) Full text available from Archive.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Histoire naturelle des balénoptères (1888) Full text available from Archive.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mémoire sur les vers intestinaux (1858) Full text available from Archive.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Recherches sur la faune littorale de Belgique: crustacés (1861) Full text available from Archive.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Les poissons des côtes de Belgique, leurs parasite et leurs commensaux Full text available from Archive.org

paragraph: BULLET::::- Histoire naturelle des cétacés des mers d'Europe (1889) Full text available from Archive.org

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.

paragraph: Van Beneden attended the celebration of the tercentenary of the University of Edinburgh, and was there made an honorary LL.D. He was a foreign member of the Royal Society and also of the Linnæan, Geological, and Zoological societies of London. He was president of the Royal Belgian Academy in 1881, and was created Grand Officer of the Order of Leopold on the occasion of his professorial jubilee. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1886. He became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1859. He died in Leuven aged 84. He was always a devout Catholic and, as the writer of his obituary for the Royal Society particularly states, always exhibited "the widest toleration for the views of others".

paragraph: Section::::Other sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brice Poreau, "Biologie et complexité : histoire et modèles du commensalisme". Thesis, largely based on the work by Pierre-Joseph Van Beneden. Thèse d'université, Université Lyon 1, France, 4 July 2014." PDF, 351 pages (in French with English abstract)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Matthias Breyne et al. "The World's very first Marine Station"

description: Belgian zoologist

wikidata_label: Pierre-Joseph van Beneden

wikipedia_title: Pierre-Joseph van Beneden


text: Major League Baseball

text: first baseman

text: Detroit Tigers

text: home run

text: American League

text: Babe Ruth

text: Ted Williams

text: Lou Gehrig

text: Al Kaline

text: assists

text: fielding percentage

text: double play

text: Justiceburg

text: Garza County

text: Texas

text: Sul Ross State Teachers College

text: football

text: Chicago Bears

text: Chicago White Sox

text: Ted Kluszewski

text: World Series

text: Cleveland Indians

text: Minnie Miñoso

text: general manager

text: Frank Lane

text: Steve Demeter

text: batting title

text: World Series ring

text: runs batted in

text: runs scored

text: walks

text: on-base percentage

text: total bases

text: slugging average

text: Roger Maris

text: Rocky Colavito

text: New York Yankees

text: MVP

text: corked bat

text: Mickey Lolich

text: Jim Campbell

text: Harmon Killebrew

text: Tony Conigliaro

text: Bill Melton

text: putout

text: 1968 World Series

text: doubles

text: triples

text: stolen base

text: Hank Greenberg

text: Rudy York

text: corked bat

text: Sports Illustrated

text: Indios de Oriente

text: Venezuelan League

text: 1959 Caribbean Series

text: slugging

text: Nolan Ryan

text: Jim Northrup

text: Ron Luciano

text: Al Kaline

text: Detroit Caesars

text: Mike Ilitch

text: Jim Northrup

text: color commentator

text: ABC

text: Monday Night Baseball

text: ONTV

text: drowned

text: Beaver Island

text: Lake Michigan

text: blood alcohol content

text: West Bloomfield, Michigan

text: Little League

text: Post, Texas

text: 1961 Detroit Tigers season

text: 1968 Detroit Tigers season

text: Alpine Cowboys

text: Baseball Library

text: Retrosheet

text: SABR Biography Project

categories: Rapiños de Occidente players,Indianapolis Indians players,Detroit Tigers broadcasters,People from Garza County, Texas,1986 deaths,Chicago White Sox players,Indios de Oriente players,Detroit Tigers players,Major League Baseball first basemen,Accidental deaths in Michigan,Baseball players from Texas,Major League Baseball broadcasters,Caribbean Series players,Angelo State Rams baseball players,American League All-Stars,Sul Ross Lobos baseball players,Burials in Michigan,1934 births,Deaths by drowning,American League batting champions

paragraph: Norm Cash

paragraph: Norman Dalton Cash (November 10, 1934 – October 11, 1986) was an American Major League Baseball first baseman who spent almost his entire career with the Detroit Tigers. An outstanding power hitter, his 377 career home runs were the fourth most by an American League left-handed hitter when he retired, behind Babe Ruth, Ted Williams and Lou Gehrig; his 373 home runs with the Tigers rank second in franchise history behind his teammate Al Kaline (399). He also led the AL in assists three times and fielding percentage twice; he ranked among the all-time leaders in assists (4th, 1317) and double plays (10th, 1347) upon his retirement, and was fifth in AL history in games at first base (1943). He was known to fans and teammates during his playing days as "Stormin' Norman."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Cash was born in Justiceburg, Garza County, Texas, and attended (what was then) Sul Ross State Teachers College, where he was All-Lone Star Conference in football as well as playing baseball; he was drafted by the Chicago Bears as a running back in 1955, but declined to play pro football. After signing with the Chicago White Sox in 1955, he spent 1957 in the military and made his debut with the team in , seeing limited play as an outfielder and pinch hitter. He appeared in 58 games for the AL pennant-winners; the August 25 acquisition of Ted Kluszewski left him on the White Sox bench. He was hitless in four pinch-hitting appearances in the World Series. In December of that year, he was traded to the Cleveland Indians in an eight-player deal that brought Minnie Miñoso back to Chicago, but the Indians general manager Frank Lane traded Cash to Detroit for Steve Demeter, who would play only four more games; both Chicago and Cleveland were haunted by Cash for the next 15 years, as he won a batting title in 1961 and a World Series ring in 1968 wearing a Detroit uniform.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Detroit Tigers.

paragraph: Cash filled the middle of the Tigers lineup for 15 seasons as part of one of the sport's top offenses.

paragraph: In 1960, Cash grounded into no double plays, the first American League player to accomplish that since league records on this stat were started in 1940.

paragraph: He enjoyed his breakout season in . He led the AL with a .361 average, and had 41 home runs (sixth in the AL), 132 runs batted in (fourth), 119 runs scored (fourth), 124 walks (second) for a .488 on-base percentage (first), and 354 total bases (second) for a .662 slugging average (second); but his season was overshadowed by the 61 home runs of Roger Maris, and teammate Rocky Colavito finished with more home runs and RBI. Still, his .361 average would be the highest by any major league player in the 1960s. The Tigers finished 101–61 for their best regular season record since 1934, and scored the most runs in baseball, though they finished second in the AL, eight games behind the New York Yankees; Cash was fourth in the MVP voting. In addition, Cash later admitted to using an illegal corked bat during the 1961 season, demonstrating how he had drilled a hole in his bats and filled it with a mixture of sawdust, cork and glue. His 1961 statistics turned out to be career highs which he rarely approached again – in later years, he never reached 100 runs or 100 RBI, and never batted above .283. His 118-point drop to a .243 average in was the largest ever by a batting champion.

paragraph: Cash later said of the 1961 season: "It was a freak. Even at the time, I realized that. Everything I hit seemed to drop in, even when I didn't make good contact. I never thought I'd do it again."

paragraph: Pitcher Mickey Lolich once asked Cash why he never hit for a high average after that season. "He told me, `Jim Campbell pays me to hit home runs,'" said Lolich, referring to the team's general manager in those years. "Norm then said, `I can get hits if I want to, just watch tomorrow.' The next day he went 3-for-4."

paragraph: On June 11, 1961, Cash became the first Detroit Tiger to hit a home run ball out of Tiger Stadium. Cash hit the ball over Tiger Stadium's right field roof four times in his career.

paragraph: On June 27, 1963, he played an entire game at first base without a chance, as the Minnesota Twins won 10–6.

paragraph: Even on his own team, Cash was overshadowed by his future Hall-of-Fame roommate Kaline. But while his batting average fell off sharply after 1961, Cash hit 30 or more homers four more times, and at least 20 in ten of the next eleven seasons; he also finished second in the league in home runs three times (behind Harmon Killebrew in 1962, Tony Conigliaro in 1965, and Bill Melton in 1971), with the Tigers finishing among the AL's top three scoring teams every year from 1961 through 1968.

paragraph: Cash was also considered one of the better defensive first basemen of the 1960s, leading the league in putouts (1961), fielding percentage (1964, 1967) and assists (1965–67).

paragraph: In the 1968 World Series, Cash hit .385 (10-26) with one home run. With two out in the seventh inning of Game 7, Cash singled to start a three-run rally that broke a scoreless tie and propelled the team to its first title since 1945. He later hit a home run to give Detroit a 1–0 lead in Game 1 of the 1972 American League Championship Series, though the Tigers went on to lose the game and the series.

paragraph: He was released by the Tigers in August after hitting .228 in 53 games.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Detroit Tigers.:Career statistics.

paragraph: Cash was a career .271 hitter with 377 home runs, 1104 RBI, 1046 runs, 1820 hits, 241 doubles, 41 triples, 43 stolen bases, a .374 on-base percentage, and a .488 slugging average in 2089 games. He holds Tigers career defensive records at first base in games (1912), putouts (14,926), assists (1303), and double plays (1328), having broken the marks set by Hank Greenberg and Rudy York. He had a .992 fielding percentage at first base in his career.

paragraph: Cash summed up his success as follows: "I owe my success to expansion pitching, a short right-field fence, and my hollow bats." Later in his career, Cash claimed he used a corked bat in 1961, even showing "Sports Illustrated" how he made one.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Detroit Tigers.:Caribbean baseball.

paragraph: In between, Cash played winter ball with the Indios de Oriente club of the Venezuelan League during the 1958–59 season. As the league champions, the Indios represented Venezuela in the 1959 Caribbean Series, as Cash posted a .360 average (9-for-25) and led the tournament in home runs (2), RBI (11) and slugging (.680), while driving in six runs in a game – also a Series record – and earning MVP honors.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Relationship with fans and players.

paragraph: Apart from his batting accomplishments, Cash was a favorite with his teammates, the media, and Tiger fans. He was known for his hard living and his sense of humor.

paragraph: On July 15, 1973, as Nolan Ryan was working on his second career no-hitter, Cash went to the plate with two outs in the bottom of the ninth (after striking out his previous three at-bats), holding a table leg from the clubhouse instead of a regulation bat. The stunt drew immediate action by the umpire, who ordered Cash to use a legal bat. Cash popped out using a regulation bat to end the game.

paragraph: Teammate Jim Northrup told the story as follows: "In his last at-bat, Norm walked up to the plate with a table leg from the locker room. The plate umpire, Ron Luciano, says, `You can't use that up here.' Cash says, `Why not, I won't hit him anyway.' He then gets a bat, then hit a popup to shortstop to end the game. As he was walking away he says to Luciano, `See, I told ya.'"

paragraph: "When you mention Norm Cash, I just smile", said Al Kaline, who had a locker adjacent to Cash's for years. "He was just a fun guy to be around and a great teammate. He always came ready to play."

paragraph: Once Cash was trapped between first and second base about to be tagged out. He stopped in his tracks and formed a "T" with his hands to call time-out. There was also a time when Cash missed a foul ball in the stands, turned a little boy's cap around, stuck his hand into the young fan's popcorn box and said, "Thanks, kid", as the boy looked up in bewilderment.

paragraph: One trick Cash frequently tried, occurred when play resumed after a rain delay, Northrup recalled. "If Norman was on second before the rain delay, he would go to third", Northrup said. "If he was on first, he would go to second." Northrup said: "Norm had more fun than anybody."

paragraph: Cash was also noted for not ever wearing a batting helmet during his major league career, being one of the few veteran players who was permitted not to do so after helmets were mandated in . Protective liners, however, were required to be worn inside their caps.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: After retiring from baseball, Cash signed with the Detroit Caesars, a professional softball team, and played two seasons (1977–1978). The Caesars played in the American Professional Slow Pitch Softball League (APSPL), winning league titles in both seasons with Cash. The team was owned by Mike Ilitch, who would later become the owner of the Detroit Tigers. The Caesars had extensive talent from the amateur softball leagues, and both Cash and fellow former Tiger Jim Northrup played part-time roles.

paragraph: Cash was a color commentator for ABC's "Monday Night Baseball" in 1976, and for Tiger telecasts on ONTV pay-cable from 1981-83.

paragraph: In October 1986, Cash drowned in an accident off Beaver Island in northern Lake Michigan when he slipped off a dock and struck his head. His body was discovered about 11 a.m. in 15 feet of water at Beaver Island. An autopsy later revealed that Cash had a blood alcohol content of 0.18 percent at the time of his death. He is buried in Pine Lake Cemetery, West Bloomfield, Michigan.

paragraph: On April 23, 2005, the high school and Little League baseball field in Post, Texas were dedicated to Cash. He was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 2001.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1961 Detroit Tigers season

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1968 Detroit Tigers season

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball batting champions

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alpine Cowboys

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: , or Baseball Library, or Retrosheet, or SABR Biography Project

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Norm Cash

wikipedia_title: Norm Cash


text: fashion photography

text: portraits

text: still life

text: "Vogue" magazine

text: Issey Miyake

text: Clinique

text: Russian Jewish

text: Plainfield, New Jersey

text: Arthur Penn

text: Abraham Lincoln High School

text: Leon Friend

text: University of the Arts

text: Alexey Brodovitch

text: Harper's Bazaar

text: Saks Fifth Avenue

text: Alexander Liberman

text: "Vogue" magazine

text: American Field Service

text: British Eighth Army

text: Apennines

text: General Foods

text: De Beers

text: Issey Miyake

text: Clinique

text: Lisa Fonssagrives

text: Chelsea Register Office

text: Manhattan

text: Modernist

text: Martha Graham

text: Marcel Duchamp

text: Pablo Picasso

text: Georgia O'Keeffe

text: W. H. Auden

text: Igor Stravinsky

text: The Photographers' Gallery

text: The Art Institute of Chicago

text: National Gallery of Art

text: J. Paul Getty Museum

text: National Portrait Gallery (London)

text: Smithsonian American Art Museum

text: Metropolitan Museum of Art

text: Grand Palais

text: Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM)

text: Jean Patchett

text: surrealist

text: painter

text: Bridget Tichenor

text: Irving Penn Foundation

text: Voguepedia Irving Penn

text: Irving Penn Archives

text: Irving Penn: Beyond Beauty

text: Smithsonian American Art Museum

categories: Interior photographers,American people of Russian-Jewish descent,Food photographers,People from Manhattan,Jewish artists,Fashion photographers,1917 births,People from Plainfield, New Jersey,2009 deaths,Portrait photographers,Commercial photographers,20th-century American photographers,Photographers from New York (state)

paragraph: Irving Penn

paragraph: Irving Penn (June 16, 1917October 7, 2009) was an American photographer known for his fashion photography, portraits, and still lifes. Penn's career included work at "Vogue" magazine, and independent advertising work for clients including Issey Miyake and Clinique. His work has been exhibited internationally and continues to inform the art of photography.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Penn was born to a Russian Jewish family on June 16, 1917 in Plainfield, New Jersey, to Harry Penn and Sonia Greenberg. Penn's younger brother, Arthur Penn, was born in 1922 and would go on to become a film director and producer. Penn attended Abraham Lincoln High School where he studied graphic design with Leon Friend.

paragraph: Penn attended the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art (now the University of the Arts) from 1934 to 1938, where he studied drawing, painting, graphics, and industrial arts under Alexey Brodovitch. While still a student, Penn worked under Brodovitch at "Harper's Bazaar" which published several of Penn's drawings.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Penn worked for three years as a freelance designer and making his first amateur photographs before taking Brodovitch's position as the art director at Saks Fifth Avenue in 1940. Penn remained at Saks Fifth Avenue for a year before leaving to spend a year painting and taking photographs in Mexico and across the US. When Penn returned to New York, Alexander Liberman offered him a position as an associate in the "Vogue" magazine Art Department. Penn worked on layout for the magazine before Liberman asked him to try photography.

paragraph: Penn's first photographic cover for "Vogue" magazine appeared in October 1943. The art department of the Office of War Information in London offered him a job as an "artist-photographer" but he volunteered with the American Field Service instead. After arriving in Naples with a boatload of American troops in November 1944. Penn drove an ambulance in support of the British Eighth Army as it alternately waited out weather and slogged its way north through a miserable winter in the Italian Apennines. In July 1945, he was transferred from Italy to India. He photographed the soldiers, medical operations, and camp life for the AFS, and various subjects while bivouacked in India. He sailed back to New York in November 1945.

paragraph: Penn continued to work at "Vogue" throughout his career, photographing covers, portraits, still lifes, fashion, and photographic essays. In the 1950s, Penn founded his own studio in New York and began making advertising photographs. Over the years, Penn's list of clients grew to include General Foods, De Beers, Issey Miyake, and Clinique.

paragraph: Penn met Swedish fashion model Lisa Fonssagrives at a photo shoot in 1947. In 1950, the two married at Chelsea Register Office, and two years later Lisa gave birth to their son, Tom Penn, who would go on to become a metal designer. Lisa Fonssagrives died in 1992. Penn died aged 92 on October 7, 2009 at his home in Manhattan.

paragraph: Section::::Photography.

paragraph: Best known for his fashion photography, Penn's repertoire also includes portraits of creative greats; ethnographic photographs from around the world; Modernist still lifes of food, bones, bottles, metal, and found objects; and photographic travel essays.

paragraph: Penn was among the first photographers to pose subjects against a simple grey or white backdrop and he effectively used its simplicity. Expanding his austere studio surroundings, Penn constructed a set of upright angled backdrops, to form a stark, acute corner. Subjects photographed with this technique included Martha Graham, Marcel Duchamp, Pablo Picasso, Georgia O'Keeffe, W. H. Auden, and Igor Stravinsky.

paragraph: Penn's still life compositions are sparse and highly organized, assemblages of food or objects that articulate the abstract interplay of line and volume. Penn's photographs are composed with a great attention to detail, which continues into his craft of developing and making prints of his photographs. Penn experimented with many printing techniques, including prints made on aluminum sheets coated with a platinum emulsion rendering the image with a warmth that untoned silver prints lacked. His black and white prints are notable for their deep contrast, giving them a clean, crisp look.

paragraph: While steeped in the Modernist tradition, Penn also ventured beyond creative boundaries. The exhibition "Earthly Bodies" consisted of series of posed nudes whose physical shapes range from thin to plump; while the photographs were taken in 1949 and 1950, they were not exhibited until 1980.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: "Irving Penn: Recent Works, Photographs of Cigarettes", Museum of Modern Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: "I Platini di Irving Penn: 25 Anni di Fotografia", Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna, Turin

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975: "Irving Penn: Platinum Plates", The Photographers' Gallery, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977: "Irving Penn: Street Material. Photographs in Platinum Metals", The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980: Exhibition at the Center for Visual Arts, Oakland, California

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984: "Irving Penn", a retrospective, The Museum of Modern Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986: "Irving Penn: Printemps des arts de Monte Carlo", Monte Carlo

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: "Irving Penn: Master Images", National Museum of American Art and the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990: "Irving Penn: Platinum Test Material", Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994: "Irving Penn: Collection Privée/Privatsammlung", Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, Fribourg, Switzerland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995: "Irving Penn Photographs: A Donation in Memory of Lisa Fonssagrives-Penn", Moderna Museet, Stockholm

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Le Bain: Dancers' Workshop of San Francisco", Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997: "Irving Penn: A Career in Photography", The Art Institute of Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001: "Irving Penn: Objects (Still Lifes) for the Printed Page", Museum Folkwang, Essen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Dancer: 1999 Nudes by Irving Penn", Whitnew Museum of American Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Earthly Bodies: Irving Penn's Nudes, 1949–1950", The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004: "Dahomey (1967)", The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Irving Penn: Platinum Prints", the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Close Encounters", Morgan Library & Museum, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "The Small Trades", J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles: a collection of 252 full-length portraits by Penn from 1950 to 1951

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: Exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery (London): an exhibit of over 120 portraits of people from the worlds of literature, music and the visual and performing arts

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Irving Penn: Diverse Worlds", Museum of Modern Art (Moderna Museet), Malmö, Sweden

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Irving Penn: On Assignment", Pace Gallery, New York City, New York.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015-2016: "Irving Penn: Beyond Beauty", career retrospective of 146 photographs at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Irving Penn: Centennial", Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City; "Irving Penn - Le Centenaire," Grand Palais, Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Major collections.

paragraph: The Art Institute of Chicago holds the Irving Penn Paper and Photographic Archives, which were donated to the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries and the Department of Photography in 1995. In addition, the Art Institute of Chicago has more than 200 of Penn's fine art prints in its collection, and has mounted several exhibitions of work by the artist including the retrospective "Irving Penn: A Career in Photography" (1997–1998) which traveled internationally as well as "Irving Penn: Underfoot" (2013).

paragraph: The Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) possesses a large collection of Penn's works, including a silver gelatin print of Penn's "The Tarot Reader", a photograph from 1949 of Jean Patchett and surrealist painter Bridget Tichenor. In 2013, the museum received 100 images as a gift from the Irving Penn Foundation, significantly increasing the number of Penn's works in the collection to 161 images. The Irving Penn Foundation's gift formed the basis of the exhibition, "Irving Penn: Beyond Beauty," which was shown at SAAM before traveling to other museum venues around the United States.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Books by Penn.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moments Preserved". 1960

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Worlds in a Small Room". 1974.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inventive Paris Clothes, 1909–1939". 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Flowers". 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Passage". 1991.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drawings". 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Astronomers Plan a Voyage to Earth". 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irving Penn Regards The Work of Issey Miyake". 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Still Life". 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Notebook at Random". 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Photographs of Dahomey". 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Books about Penn.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irving Penn : A Career in Photography". Colin Westerbeck. 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Earthly Bodies: Irving Penn's Nudes, 1949-50". By Irving Penn, Maria Morris Hambourg, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irving Penn: Platinum Prints". Sarah Greenough, David Summers. 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irving Penn: Small Trades. 2009.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irving Penn Portraits". 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irving Penn: Beyond Beauty". Merry A. Foresta. Yale University Press, 2015.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irving Penn: Centennial". Maria Morris Hambourg, Jeff L. Rosenheim, Alexandra Dennett, Philippe Garner, Adam Kirsch, Harald E.L. Prins, Vasilios Zatse., New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale University Press, 2017.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Irving Penn: Le Centenaire." Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 2017.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987: The Cultural Award from the German Society for Photography (DGPh)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irving Penn Foundation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voguepedia Irving Penn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irving Penn Archives at the Art Institute of Chicago

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irving Penn: Beyond Beauty - online image gallery from 2015-2016 Smithsonian American Art Museum exhibition

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irving Penn: Small Trades at the J. Paul Getty Museum

description: American photographer

wikidata_label: Irving Penn

wikipedia_title: Irving Penn


text:
the Stooges
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ron Asheton
Iggy Pop
Dave Alexander
Elektra Records
third LP
Columbia Records
Scott Morgan
Sonic's Rendezvous Band
Sonny Vincent
Captain Sensible
fourth album
James Williamson
Hellfest
iggypop.org

categories: The Stooges members,1949 births,Protopunk musicians,American rock drummers,2014 deaths,Musicians from Ann Arbor, Michigan

paragraph: Scott Asheton

paragraph: Scott Randolph Asheton (August 16, 1949 – March 15, 2014) was an American musician, best known as the drummer for the rock band the Stooges.

paragraph: Asheton was born in Washington, D.C. and moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan with his family at the age of 14. He co-formed the Stooges in 1967 along with his older brother Ron Asheton, Iggy Pop, and Dave Alexander. The primitive sound that Asheton made was a template for many punk bands to come. The original incarnation of the band released two LPs on Elektra Records before moving through several lineup changes, releasing a third LP on Columbia Records in 1973 and disbanding the following year.

paragraph: During the Stooges' separation he was among the few ex-members to play again with Pop, with the mini-reunion occurring during a 1978 European tour. Asheton also played drums with Scott Morgan in different bands, among which were the Scott Morgan Band, Scots Pirates and most notably Sonic's Rendezvous Band. He also recorded extensively with Sonny Vincent, playing drums on four full studio albums along with Captain Sensible on bass, as well as making special guest appearances on other Vincent releases. In addition to recording with Sonny, Asheton toured the U.S. and Europe with Sonny and Steve Baise (on bass) of the Devil Dogs. The Stooges reformed in 2003, and remained active until 2016, releasing a fourth album in 2007. Following the death of Ron Asheton, the group worked later with guitarist James Williamson. Other than Iggy Pop, Asheton was the only consistent member of the Stooges after the death of his brother, guitarist Ron Asheton, in 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: After the Hellfest Festival show of June 17, 2011, he went into temporary retirement from live duty. He was replaced by Larry Mullins (a.k.a. Toby Dammit), who had played in Iggy Pop's band in the 1990s. He died of a heart attack in March 2014 at the age of 64.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- iggypop.org

description: American drummer

wikidata_label: Scott Asheton

wikipedia_title: Scott Asheton


text:
American football
guard
tight end
defensive tackle
Arizona Cardinals
undrafted free agent
college football
Illinois
Oakland Raiders
Arizona Cardinals bio
Oakland Raiders bio

categories: 1978 births,Illinois Fighting Illini football players,Living people,American football defensive ends,American football tight ends,Arizona Cardinals players,People from Tuscola, Illinois,American football offensive guards,American football offensive tackles

paragraph: Fred Wakefield

paragraph: Frederick Douglas Wakefield (born September 17, 1978) is a former American football guard, tight end, and defensive tackle. He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2001. He played college football at Illinois. Wakefield has also played for the Oakland Raiders.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arizona Cardinals bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oakland Raiders bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Fred Wakefield

wikipedia_title: Fred Wakefield


text: American football

text: placekicker

text: college football

text: Drake University

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: undrafted free agent

text: Drake Bulldogs football

text: Drake University

text: Pioneer Football League (PFL)

text: field goal

text: points after touchdown

text: junior

text: San Diego

text: Bachelor of Arts

text: biology

text: training camp

text: undrafted free agent

text: Tim Seder

text: kicker

text: NFC

text: Special Teams

text: St. Louis Rams

text: New York Giants

text: Monday Night Football

text: Chris Boniol

text: NFC

text: Special Teams

text: training camp

text: quadriceps

text: kickoff specialist

text: José Cortéz

text: Shaun Suisham

text: special teams

text: Carolina Panthers

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Matt Bryant

text: Green Bay Packers

text: Dave Rayner

text: New Orleans Saints

text: John Carney

text: Atlanta Falcons

text: Matt Prater

text: Kansas City Chiefs

text: Detroit Lions

text: placekicker

text: Jason Hanson

text: Cleveland Browns

text: placekicker

text: Phil Dawson

text: Matt Bryant

text: Matt Stover

text: 2009 NFL season

text: field goal

text: Buffalo Bills

text: Baltimore Ravens

text: Steve Hauschka

text: touchback

text: Mitch Berger

text: M&T Bank Stadium

text: New England Patriots

text: Justin Tucker

text: Washington Redskins

text: St. Louis Rams

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers

text: Kai Forbath

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: David Akers

text: New York Jets

text: Nick Folk

text: Cleveland Browns

text: Shayne Graham

text: Atlanta Falcons

text: Buffalo Bills

text: kickoff specialist

text: Jordan Gay

text: Master of Business Administration (MBA)

text: Arizona State University

text: W. P. Carey School of Business

text: Game Recap from Record-Tying Game

text: Billy Cundiff NFL players profile

text: Billy Cundiff news on Yahoo! Sports

text: Official website

categories: 1980 births,Washington Redskins players,Tampa Bay Buccaneers players,People from Harlan, Iowa,Players of American football from Arizona,People from Valley Center, California,Atlanta Falcons players,American football placekickers,Players of American football from California,San Francisco 49ers players,New Orleans Saints players,Kansas City Chiefs players,Detroit Lions players,New York Jets players,Living people,Drake Bulldogs football players,Green Bay Packers players,Cleveland Browns players,Dallas Cowboys players,Sportspeople from San Diego County, California,Baltimore Ravens players

paragraph: Billy Cundiff

paragraph: William Ambrose Cundiff (born March 30, 1980) is a former American football placekicker. He played college football for Drake University, and was signed by the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Cundiff played for the Drake Bulldogs football team of Drake University, where he broke five Pioneer Football League (PFL) career records including most points (284), field goals (49) and points after touchdown (137). He made eight field goals over 50 yards during his career with the Bulldogs, including a PFL-record 62-yarder as a junior in 2000 against San Diego. He also was part of the Drake University Men's Basketball team. He played sparingly, partly due to several members of the team being ruled academically ineligible. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in biology in 2003. He was presented the highest honor for a student-athlete at the university when he received the Drake Double D Award on February 12, 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Dallas Cowboys.

paragraph: Cundiff was brought to the 2002 training camp as an undrafted free agent, and won out over incumbent Tim Seder as the team's kicker. As a rookie, he won the NFC Special Teams Player of the Week award, after making a 48-yard field goal on the game’s final play for a 13-10 victory against the St. Louis Rams.

paragraph: He tied a then-record seven field goals in a game against the New York Giants on "Monday Night Football" on September 15, 2003. That year, he became the second player (Chris Boniol was first) in team history to win the NFC Special Teams Player of the Week two times in a season.

paragraph: In 2005, which would have been his fourth season with the team, he was waived/injured during training camp following a quadriceps injury, and briefly replaced by kickoff specialist José Cortéz, who had not been expected to make the team. Cundiff was later re-signed on November 19, 2005 (directly following the mandatory period after an injury waiver) having recovered from his training camp injury. He replaced kicker Shaun Suisham, in the hope of providing greater consistency to the Cowboys' special teams. In his first game back with the Cowboys, Cundiff made a 56-yard field goal at the end of the first half to set a record for longest field goal in franchise history. Cundiff played six games that season before being released by the Cowboys on December 26, 2005 after missing two field goals in a critical game against the Carolina Panthers. The Cowboys re-signed Suisham to replace him for the season finale.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

paragraph: On February 15, 2006, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers signed Cundiff to a contract, but he was released after kicker Matt Bryant was re-signed.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Green Bay Packers.

paragraph: Cundiff signed with the Green Bay Packers on March 28, 2006, and was expected to compete with Dave Rayner for the starting kicking position before being cut by Green Bay on August 17.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New Orleans Saints.

paragraph: On November 22, 2006, the New Orleans Saints signed Cundiff as a kickoff specialist, easing the workload of veteran John Carney.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Atlanta Falcons.

paragraph: After being released by the Saints, Cundiff signed with the Atlanta Falcons on May 4, 2007. He was released at the end of the preseason after losing the starting job to Matt Prater.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Kansas City Chiefs.

paragraph: In January 2008, Cundiff was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs to a two-year contract. He was released prior to the start of the regular season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Detroit Lions.

paragraph: Cundiff was signed by the Detroit Lions on August 26, 2009 after an injury to placekicker Jason Hanson. He was cut by the team on September 5, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Browns.

paragraph: Cundiff was signed by the Cleveland Browns on September 26, 2009 after an injury to placekicker Phil Dawson. Cundiff beat out Matt Bryant in a workout with the Browns and was signed after the Browns first choice of Matt Stover declined to sign with the team. In week 5 of the 2009 NFL season, Cundiff hit the game-winning field goal to help the Browns beat the Buffalo Bills, 6-3. He was waived by the team on November 3, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Ravens.

paragraph: Cundiff was brought in by the Baltimore Ravens for a workout on November 10, 2009 and was signed on November 18, 2009 to replace Steve Hauschka, who was waived on November 17.

paragraph: Cundiff re-signed with the Ravens to return for the 2010 season. Cundiff was voted to the 2011 Pro Bowl as the AFC placekicker after successfully completing 26 of 29 field goal attempts and a league-high 40 touchbacks. On January 2, 2011, Cundiff recorded his league-leading 40th touchback, which tied the NFL record set by Mitch Berger. Cundiff played at home in the outdoor M&T Bank Stadium and set the record after the instatement of the K-ball rule. He averaged 71.1 yards per kickoff to lead the league and had touchbacks on 51.3% of his kickoffs.

paragraph: Cundiff signed a five-year, $15 million contract to become Baltimore's long-term kicker on January 23, 2011.

paragraph: Perhaps the most famous kick of Cundiff's career, in the closing seconds of the 2011 on January 22, 2012 against the New England Patriots, Cundiff missed a 32-yard field goal that would have tied the game, and the Ravens lost 23–20.

paragraph: Cundiff was released by the Ravens on August 26, 2012; he was replaced by rookie kicker Justin Tucker.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Washington Redskins.

paragraph: Cundiff was signed by the Washington Redskins on August 28, 2012. In Week 2 against the St. Louis Rams, he attempted a 62-yard field goal on the last play of the game to put the game into overtime, but missed. Two weeks later against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, after being zero for three in his field goal attempts, which consisted of a 41-yard, 57-yard, and 31-yard attempts, Cundiff made a 41-yard field goal in the last play of the game allowing the Redskins to win 24-22.

paragraph: On October 9, 2012, Kai Forbath was signed to replace Cundiff, who was subsequently released.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco 49ers.

paragraph: Cundiff signed with the San Francisco 49ers on January 1, 2013 to compete with struggling veteran David Akers.

paragraph: However, Akers performed well enough to keep the starting job, and Cundiff was left off the postseason roster and released 17 days later on January 18, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Jets.

paragraph: Cundiff was signed by the New York Jets on July 23, 2013 to compete with incumbent Jets kicker Nick Folk. He was released by the Jets on August 27, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Cleveland Browns (second stint).

paragraph: Cundiff returned to the Cleveland Browns on September 3, 2013 after the Browns made roster cuts and released all of their kickers, including Shayne Graham. On March 6, 2014, Cundiff was re-signed for the next year for just over $1 million. He made 80 percent of his field goals and 100 percent of his extra points last year. On September 14, 2014, Cundiff kicked a game-winning field goal against the New Orleans Saints with three seconds remaining. He did the same on November 23 against the Atlanta Falcons. After sustaining a knee injury on December 11, 2014, Cundiff was subsequently released on December 13, 2014, with an injury settlement. In the five games prior to his release, Cundiff missed at least one field goal in each game.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Buffalo Bills.

paragraph: Cundiff was signed by the Buffalo Bills on October 7, 2015. He was ostensibly signed as a kickoff specialist to replace Jordan Gay.

paragraph: Cundiff was released by the Bills on October 13, 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Cundiff is married to his college sweetheart, Nicole. The couple have three children.

paragraph: In July 2007, Cundiff enrolled in a full-time Master of Business Administration (MBA) program at Arizona State University's W. P. Carey School of Business. He graduated with his MBA from ASU in May 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Notes and references.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Game Recap from Record-Tying Game Retrieved October 21, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Billy Cundiff NFL players profile Retrieved June 23, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Cowboys release Cundiff, re-sign Suisham for finale, ESPN.com Retrieved June 23, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Tampa Bay signs kicker Cundiff as insurance, ESPN.com Retrieved June 23, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::5. Billy Cundiff news on Yahoo! Sports Retrieved August 23, 2006.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: American football player, placekicker

wikidata_label: Billy Cundiff

wikipedia_title: Billy Cundiff


text: Huguenot

text: Netherlands

text: Dutch East India Company

text: Batavia

text: French East Indies Company

text: Brussels

text: Colbert

text: French East Indies Company

text: Dominican

text: Guillaume Courtet

text: Edo

text: shogunal

text: Franco-Japanese relations

text: Hasekura Tsunenaga

text: Opperhoofd

text: factor

text: Batavia

text: Hirado

text: Nicolaes Couckebacker

text: Dejima

text: Nagasaki

text: Batavia

text: Council of the East Indies

text: Ceylon

text: Formosa

text: Taiwan

text: Cornelis van der Lijn

text: Jean-Baptiste Colbert

text: Louis XIV

text: Madagascar

text: colony

text: Réunion

text: Isle de France

text: Mauritius

text: French

text: Surat

text: Masulipatam

text: India

text: Order of St. Michael

text: Surat

text: Ceylon

text: Order of St. Michael

text: Nanban trade period

text: Franco-Japanese relations

text: "British India."

text: Brill Publishers

text: "A Text-book of Indian History."

text: Routledge

text: Columbia University Press

categories: French explorers,Governors of French India,Colonial governors of Dutch Formosa,Knights of the Order of Saint Michael,People from Brussels,1600 births,French colonial governors and administrators,Dutch chiefs of factory in Japan,1673 deaths

paragraph: François Caron

paragraph: François Caron (1600–1673) was a French Huguenot refugee to the Netherlands who served the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC) for 30 years, rising from cabin boy to Director-General at Batavia (Jakarta), only one grade below Governor-General. He was later to become Director-General of the French East Indies Company (Compagnie française pour le commerce des Indes orientales) (1667–1673).

paragraph: He is sometimes considered the first Frenchman to set foot in Japan: he was actually born in Brussels to a family of French Huguenot refugees; but he only became a naturalized citizen of France when he was persuaded by Colbert to become head of the French East Indies Company, which was intended to compete with the Dutch and the English in Asia. He disputes that honour with the French Dominican missionary Guillaume Courtet.

paragraph: Section::::Japan.

paragraph: Caron began as a cook's mate on board the Dutch ship "Schiedam" bound for Japan, where he arrived in 1619. His language skills had developed; and in 1627, he traveled to Edo as the interpreter for the VOC mission to the shogunal capital. He is not quite the first known instance of Franco-Japanese relations, since he was preceded by the visit of Hasekura Tsunenaga to France in 1615.

paragraph: Caron stayed in Japan for over twenty years, from 1619 to 1641, eventually becoming the VOC "Opperhoofd" (chief "factor" or merchant) in Japan. During this period, he married a Japanese woman (the daughter of Eguchi Jūzaemon) and had six children. His entire family followed him to Nagasaki when the Japanese forced the Dutch to abandon their outpost at Hirado. Then his family moved with him to Batavia when he left Japan in 1641.

paragraph: In 1626, Caron was working in Hirado as full assistant. On 9 April 1633 Caron was promoted as a senior merchant, making him the second ranking Company official in Japan. On 12 February 1639 he succeeded Nicolaes Couckebacker as President and head of the Company's trade in Japan.

paragraph: The Company's headquarters were moved from Hirado, while he had put a Christian year on the warehouse (1638), to Dejima in Nagasaki in 1641.

paragraph: Section::::Return to the Netherlands.

paragraph: In 1641, Caron's Japan contract with the company expired, and he went to Batavia awaiting a transfer to Europe. At that time, he was nominated member of the Council of the East Indies, the governing body of the VOC in Asia, next to the Governor-General. On 13 December 1641 Caron sailed back to Europe as commander of the merchant fleet.

paragraph: Section::::New assignments in Asia.

paragraph: Although he was rewarded handsomely for his services with a capital of 1,500 guilders, he again left for Asia in 1643 aboard the "Olifant". In September 1643, he headed an army of 1,700 men against the Portuguese in Ceylon.

paragraph: In 1644, Caron was then named governor of Formosa (Taiwan); and he was the chief VOC official on the island until 1646. During this period, Caron his achievements included restructuring the production of rice, sulfur, sugar and indigo, and moderating the trade with Chinese pirates.

paragraph: He had to return to Batavia in 1646. In 1647, he was appointed Director-General, second in command after the Governor-General. In 1651, Caron was recalled to the Netherlands, together with Cornelis van der Lijn, due to allegations of private trade, but he successfully defended his case, and was able to resign with honor from the Company.

paragraph: The arenas of French rivalry with England and Holland expanded to Asia in 1664 when the French Finance Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert persuaded Louis XIV to grant a patent to a newly contrived French East Indies Company. Somehow Colbert managed to entice Caron into accepting a leadership role in this nascent enterprise. He became the company's Director General in 1665. This action was perceived as treason by the Dutch, and Caron was banned eternally from the Provinces.

paragraph: Section::::Appointment with the French East Indies Company.:Madagascar.

paragraph: In 1664, François Caron, sailed to Madagascar. The Company failed to found a colony on Madagascar but established ports on the nearby islands of Bourbon (now Réunion) and Isle de France (now Mauritius). In the late 17th century, the French established trading posts along the east coast.

paragraph: Section::::Appointment with the French East Indies Company.:India.

paragraph: Caron succeeded in founding French outposts at Surat (1668) and at Masulipatam (1669) in India; and Louis XIV acknowledged those successes by awarding him the Order of St. Michael. He was "Commissaire" at Surat between 1668 and 1672. The French East India Company formally set up a trading centre at Pondicherry in 1673. This outpost eventually became the chief French settlement in India.

paragraph: In 1672, he helped lead French forces in Ceylon, where the strategic bay at Tincomalee was captured and St. Thomé (also known as Meilâpûr) on the Coromandel coast was also taken; however, the consequences of his military success was short-lived. The French were driven out these modest conquests while Caron was en route to Europe in 1673.

paragraph: He died as his ship sank off Lisbon on 5 April 1673, while he was returning to Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Appointment with the French East Indies Company.:Honors.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of St. Michael, 1672

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1636). "Beschrijvinghe van het Machtigh Coninckryck Japan und Siam." Amsterdam (in Dutch).

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1646). "Beschrijvinghe van het Machtigh Coninckryck Japan."] Amsterdam (in Dutch).

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1648). "Beschrijvinghe van het Machtigh Coninckryck Japan." Amsterdam (in Dutch).

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1663). Nürnberg (in German).

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1663). "A True Description of the Mighty Kingdoms of Japan and Siam" (translated by Roger Manley). London: Samuel Broun & John de l'Ecluse.

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1671). "A True Description of the Mighty Kingdoms of Japan and Siam." London: Samuel Broun & John de l'Ecluse. [reprinted from the 1663 English edition]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1935). "A True Description of the Mighty Kingdoms of Japan and Siam" (Introduction and notes by Charles R. Boxer). London: Argonaut. [reprinted from the 1671 English edition]

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1672). "Wahrhaftige Beschreibung zweyee mächtigen Königreiche Japan, Siam, und Corea." Nürnberg (in German).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nanban trade period

paragraph: BULLET::::- Franco-Japanese relations

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Campbell, William. (1903). "Formosa Under the Dutch: Described from Contemporary Records." London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Danvers, Frederick Charles. (1888). "Report to the Secretary of State for India in Council on the Records of the Records of the India Office: Records Relating to Agencies, Factories and Settlements not Now Under the Administration of the Government of India." London: Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO), by Eyre and Spottiswoode.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frazer, Robert Watson. (1896). "British India." London: G.P. Putnam & Sons.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leup, Gary P. (2003). "Interracial Intimacy in Japan: Western Men and Japanese Women, 1543-1900)." London: Continuum International Publishing Group.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Otterspeer, Willem. (1989). "Leiden Oriental Connections, 1850-1940." Leiden: Brill Publishers. (paper)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pope, George Uglow. (1880). "A Text-book of Indian History." London: W. H. Allen.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jozef Rogala. (2001). "A Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English: A Select List of Over 2500 Titles with Subject Index." London: Routledge. (paper)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yavari, Neguin, Lawrence G. Potter and Jean-Marc Ran Oppenheim (2004). "Views From The Edge: Essays In Honor Of Richard W. Bulliet." New York: Columbia University Press. (cloth)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mémoires de François Martin, Fondateur de Pondichéry (1665-1694)", publiées par Alfred Martineau, "Bibliothèque d'Histoire Coloniale", Paris, 1934

description: French explorer

wikidata_label: François Caron

wikipedia_title: François Caron


text:
pharaoh
Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
scarab
Turin King List
Kim Ryholt
Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep
Amenemhat IV
Abydos
Wepwawet
Egyptian Museum
Neferhotep I
Seth Meribre

paragraph: Wegaf

paragraph: Khutawyre Wegaf (or Ugaf) was a pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt who is known from several sources, including a stele and statues. There is a general known from a scarab with the same name who is perhaps identical with this king.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: A king with the name Khutawyre appears in the Turin King List as first ruler of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt. However, some researchers--especially Kim Ryholt--argue that the writer of the king list confused the name "Khutawyre" with that of "Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep" and consequently placed Wegaf as the first pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty when he should have been placed in the middle of it. In particular, Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep is regarded by Ryholt and other Egyptologists, including Darrell Baker, as the first pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty and a son of Amenemhat IV.

paragraph: At Abydos, a stele dated to a regnal Year 4 and dedicated to preserving the procession road in the area of Wepwawet (Egyptian Museum JE 35256) was usurped by Neferhotep I, but Anthony Leahy suggested that it was originally issued by Wegaf, an opinion shared by Darell Baker but not by Ryholt, who rather suggested that the original issuer of the stela was more likely another pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty, Seth Meribre.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- K.S.B. Ryholt, "The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800-1550 BC" ("Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications", vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997).

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Wegaf

wikipedia_title: Wegaf


text:
officer of arms
Garter Principal King of Arms
Henry St George
Essex
Northamptonshire
Bexley
Thomas Coote
Restoration
Somerset Herald
Sir Edward Walker
Dresden
John George II, Elector of Saxony
Order of the Garter
Norroy King of Arms
Henry
William Dugdale
William III
Gregory King
Elector of Saxony
knighted
St Paul's Cathedral
Great Fire of London
College of Arms
Peter Le Neve
Taunton

categories: 1703 deaths,Knights Bachelor,Garter Principal Kings of Arms,1615 births,English officers of arms

paragraph: Thomas St George

paragraph: Sir Thomas St George (1615 – 6 March 1703) was an English officer of arms who rose to the rank of Garter Principal King of Arms (1686–1703).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the eldest child of the herald Sir Henry St George and his wife, Mary Dayrell, daughter of Sir Thomas Dayrell. He lived at Woodford in Essex. Around 1646 he married Clara Pymlowe (d. 1691), whose father, John Pymlowe, was a Northamptonshire rector. They had six children, including Thomas junior, who was Vicar of Bexley, and Eleanor, who married the eminent Irish judge Thomas Coote.

paragraph: At the Restoration he was appointed Somerset Herald. As deputy to Sir Edward Walker he went on a mission to Dresden and invested John George II, Elector of Saxony on 13 April 1669 with the Order of the Garter. He was knighted in 1669 and appointed Norroy King of Arms in 1680, in succession to his younger brother Henry. The seniority was reversed when in 1686, he was appointed Garter on the death of William Dugdale. In 1690 he appointed a deputy to deliver the Garter to a Continental recipient, but the following year he undertook the task himself as William III was to attend the ceremony. In 1693, Gregory King acted as his deputy to deliver the Garter to the Elector of Saxony. On his return to London in May 1693 he was knighted.

paragraph: Following his first wife's death, he married Anne (d. 1721), daughter of Sir John Lawson and widow of William Attwood in 1692. Their only daughter Isabella died in infancy. In 1693 he and his brother Sir Henry were appointed commissioners for the rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral after the Great Fire of London. He died at the College of Arms on 6 March 1703 and was buried at Woodford. His manuscripts were purchased by Peter Le Neve, Norroy King of Arms. According to Noble, ‘he died more esteemed as a good, and more respected as an elegant man, than praised for his knowledge’.

paragraph: His estates passed to his granddaughter Eleanor, who was the only child of his son Thomas and his wife Damaris Renter. She married Thomas Dare of Taunton.

description: English herald

wikidata_label: Thomas St George

wikipedia_title: Thomas St George


text:
Telč
Bohemia
Meinhard of Neuhaus
Bohemia
Moravia
Jindřichův Hradec
Telč
Počátky
Slavonice
Jindrichuv Hradec Castle
Henry the Younger
Adam I

categories: 1442 births,Medieval Bohemian nobility,1507 deaths

paragraph: Henry IV of Neuhaus

paragraph: Henry IV of Neuhaus (also known as "Henry IV of Hradec"; ; 13 April 1442 – 17 January 1507), was a member of the Telč branch of the noble "von Neuhaus" family. He was High Treasurer of Bohemia from 1485 to 1503 Highest and 1503-1507 Burgrave of Prague Castle.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His parents were John of Neuhaus and Telč (1419–1451) and Catherine of Sternberg. In 1453, Ulrich von Neuhaus, a son of Meinhard of Neuhaus, died without male offspring, and his possessions wwre inherited by Henry IV and his brother Hermann. However, Hermann died young in 1464.

paragraph: When Henry IV came of age in 1464, he became to sole ruler of the family possessions. He managed to reduce the family debt and to round off his territory by acquiring twelve small manors, making him one of the largest land-owners in Bohemia and Moravia. His possessions included Jindřichův Hradec (), Telč, Počátky, Slavonice and many villages and towns in the associated Lordships.

paragraph: Henry resided at Jindrichuv Hradec Castle. He was one of the most influential members of the "von Neuhaus" family and attained high state offices. From 1485 to 1503 he was High Treasurer of Bohemia; from 1503 to 1507, he was Burgrave of Prague Castle. On 17 January 1507 he was killed while hunting.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Henry's first marriage was with Elizabeth of Sternberg; his second wife was Agnes of Cimburg (d. 1485). His third marriage was with Magdalena of Gleichen, and after her death in 1492, he married Anna of Poděbrady, the daughter of Duke Henry the Younger Münsterberg-Oels.

paragraph: From his fourth marriage, he had two children

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adam I (d. 1531)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna (d. 1570), who married

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- František Teplý: "Dějiny města Jindřichova Hradce', part I, vol. 1, Jindřichův Hradec, 1927, ("with genealogical tables to 1453")

paragraph: BULLET::::- František Teplý: "Dějiny města Jindřichova Hradce', part I, vol. 2, Jindřichův Hradec, 1927, ("with genealogical tables from 1453")

description: Czech nobleman

wikidata_label: Henry IV of Neuhaus

wikipedia_title: Henry IV of Neuhaus


text:
American football
cornerback
San Francisco 49ers
National Football League
college football
Tennessee
Volunteers
2018 NFL Draft
San Francisco 49ers
undrafted free agent
Oakland Raiders
San Francisco 49ers bio
Tennessee Volunteers bio

categories: San Francisco 49ers players,Sportspeople from Greensboro, North Carolina,1996 births,American football cornerbacks,Players of American football from North Carolina,Tennessee Volunteers football players,Living people

paragraph: Emmanuel Moseley

paragraph: Emmanuel LaMurel Moseley (born March 25, 1996) is an American football cornerback for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Tennessee.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Moseley played four seasons for the Volunteers, appearing in 51 games and starting 31. Over the course of his collegiate career, he accumulated 142 tackles, 9.5 tackles for loss with 31 pass deflections and two interceptions.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Although originally projected to be a late-round pick in the 2018 NFL Draft, Moseley went unselected and signed with the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent on April 28, 2018. Moseley was cut by the 49ers at the end of the preseason and subsequently re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 2, 2018 and was given a new contract that raised his salary to the equivalent of a rookie on the active roster on October 19. Moseley was promoted to the 49ers active roster on November 1, 2018 and made his NFL debut the same night in a 34-3 win against the Oakland Raiders, playing three snaps and notching one tackle on special teams. Moseley injured his shoulder during the game and was placed on injured reserve by the 49ers the following day.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- San Francisco 49ers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tennessee Volunteers bio

description: American-football player

wikidata_label: Emmanuel Moseley

wikipedia_title: Emmanuel Moseley