text:
pilot
murdered
terrorists
American Airlines Flight 11
World Trade Center
September 11 attacks
Dracut, Massachusetts
advocate
farming
Cambodia
Lowell, Massachusetts
Keith Academy
Lowell Technological Institute
University of Massachusetts Lowell
Pi Lambda Phi
Nuclear Engineering
U. S. Air Force
Vietnam War
Charleston Air Force Base
South Carolina
C-141 transport aircraft
American Airlines
Cambodia
September 11, 2001
American Airlines Flight 11
murder
World Trade Center
Jim Ogonowski
United States House of Representatives
Tewksbury, Massachusetts
honorary doctorate
Tsongas Arena
National 9/11 Memorial
American Airlines Flight 11
Captain John Ogonowski

categories: Victims of the September 11 attacks,Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States,American people of Polish descent,University of Massachusetts Lowell alumni,Deaths by stabbing in New York (state),American terrorism victims,1951 births,American air force personnel of the Vietnam War,People from Dracut, Massachusetts,2001 deaths,People murdered in New York (state),United States Air Force officers,Terrorism deaths in New York (state)

paragraph: John Ogonowski

paragraph: John Alexander Ogonowski (February 24, 1951 – September 11, 2001) was an American pilot and an agricultural activist. He was murdered by terrorists while piloting American Airlines Flight 11, which was subsequently hijacked and flown into the North Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks.

paragraph: A resident of Dracut, Massachusetts, Ogonowski was a leading advocate on behalf of farming in Massachusetts, particularly in aiding immigrant farmers from Cambodia, whom he assisted as part of the New Entry Sustainable Farming Project.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: John Alexander Ogonowski was born February 24, 1951 in Lowell, Massachusetts, where he was raised. He attended St. Stanislaus School, Keith Academy in Lowell. He attended Lowell Technological Institute (now the University of Massachusetts Lowell), where he was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. He graduated in 1972 with a bachelor of science degree in Nuclear Engineering.

paragraph: Ogonowski was a pilot in the U. S. Air Force during the Vietnam War, assigned to Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, ferrying equipment to Asia and sometimes transporting the bodies of fallen in C-141 transport aircraft. Following his service commitment, he resigned his commission under honorable conditions and separated from the military with the rank of captain.

paragraph: Ogonowski became a commercial pilot in 1978. For 23 years, he flew airplanes for American Airlines, and was a member of the Allied Pilot Association. During the course of his commercial piloting career, he met Margaret, a flight attendant who went by the nickname "Peggy", whom he later married.

paragraph: Ogonowski was also an avid farmer, who secured 150 acres of farmland on Marsh Hill Road in Dracut through the federal Agriculture Preservation Restriction program. He raised hay, corn, pumpkins, blueberries, and peaches. He was also a leading advocate for farming in Massachusetts, particularly in aiding immigrant farmers from Cambodia.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:September 11 attacks.

paragraph: Ogonowski was killed on September 11, 2001, while at the controls during the hijacking of American Airlines Flight 11. Following his murder, his airplane was crashed into the World Trade Center.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Ogonowski was survived by his wife Margaret and daughters Laura, Caroline, and Mary Catherine. His younger brother, Jim Ogonowski, who is also an agricultural activist, made an unsuccessful run for the United States House of Representatives in 2007.

paragraph: A remote controlled model aircraft flying field in nearby Tewksbury, Massachusetts, has been dedicated to Captain Ogonowski. The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Ogonowski was posthumously presented an honorary doctorate at the 2003 commencement ceremony at Tsongas Arena.

paragraph: The USAID Farmer to Farmer program was renamed the "John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter FTF Program" as part of the 2008 Farm Bill.

paragraph: At the National 9/11 Memorial, Ogonowski is memorialized at the North Pool, on Panel N-74 adjacent to the name of Kathleen A. Nicosia, a friend and flight attendant also killed on board American Airlines Flight 11 that day.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Captain John Ogonowski at Legacy.com

description: American activist

wikidata_label: John Ogonowski

wikipedia_title: John Ogonowski


text:
Margrave of Baden
Verona
House of Zähringen
Herman V
Irmengard
Henry V of the Rhine
Baden
Gertrude of Austria
Babenberg dynasty
Frederick II of Austria
Austria
Styria
Rudolf
Ottokar II of Bohemia
Margaret
Privilegium Minus
Frederick Barbarossa
Pope Innocent IV
Frederick
Habsburg
Rudolph I of Germany
Battle on the Marchfeld
Frederick I
Agnes
Ulrich III, Duke of Carinthia

categories: 1226 births,Dukes of Austria,1250 deaths,Dukes of Styria,13th-century rulers of Austria

paragraph: Herman VI, Margrave of Baden

paragraph: Herman VI (c. 1226 – 4 October 1250) was Margrave of Baden and titular margrave of Verona from 1243 until his death.

paragraph: A descendant of the Swabian House of Zähringen, he was the son of Margrave Herman V and Irmengard, daughter of Count Palatine Henry V of the Rhine. He succeeded his father in Baden on 16 January 1243.

paragraph: In 1248, he married Gertrude of Austria, the niece of the last male member of the Babenberg dynasty, Duke Frederick II of Austria (1230–1246), and on the basis of that marriage claimed the duchies of Austria and Styria, leaving the rule over Baden to his younger brother Rudolf. However, he had a mighty rival in King Ottokar II of Bohemia, who in 1252 married Frederick's sister Margaret to legitimize his claims. According to the "Privilegium Minus" issued by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1156, the Austrian lands could be bequeathed in the female line, and Herman even obtained the explicit consent by Pope Innocent IV. Nevertheless, the margrave and his son Frederick could not establish themselves in Austria and Styria against the resistance of the local nobility, who preferred Ottokar. Both rivals finally did not prevail, as the duchies were seized as reverted fiefs by the Habsburg king Rudolph I of Germany after Ottokar's death at the Battle on the Marchfeld in 1278.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: The Margrave and his wife had the following children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick I (born 1249, died 1268).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agnes (born 1250, died 1295), married firstly Ulrich III, Duke of Carinthia and secondly Count Ulrich of Heunberg.

description: austrian duke

wikidata_label: Herman VI, Margrave of Baden

wikipedia_title: Herman VI, Margrave of Baden


text:
Italian
condottiero
Marignano
Musso
Lecco
Lombardy
Pius IV
Medici
Lake Como
Duke of Milan
Francesco II Sforza
Charles V
Marignano
Duke of Milan
Musso
Lecco
Porlezza
Republic of Venice
condottiere
Battle of Mühlberg
Wars of Religion
Low Countries
Agostino Ramelli
Marzia Orsini
Order of the Golden Fleece
Duomo of Milan
Knight of the Order of Malta
Medici di Marignano:

categories: People from Milan,Condottieri,Knights of the Golden Fleece,1555 deaths,Military leaders of the Italian Wars,1490s births,Italian nobility,Burials at Milan Cathedral,16th-century Italian people

paragraph: Gian Giacomo Medici

paragraph: Gian Giacomo Medici (25 January 1498 – 8 November 1555) was an Italian condottiero, Duke of Marignano and Marquess of Musso and Lecco in Lombardy.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Gian Giacomo Medici was the brother of Giovanni Angelo Medici, who was later to be elected Pope as Pius IV. They were scions of an impoverished though patrician family of Milan not connected with the Medici of Florence, in spite of the Medici heraldic "palle" appearing in the contemporary engraving ("illustration"): thus the nickname "Il Medeghino", the "little Medici".

paragraph: Gian Giacomo, the eldest of fourteen children, was banished from Milan after a daring murder of revenge in broad daylight. He fled to Lake Como where he gathered about him a band of brigands answerable to none but him. He threw in his lot as bodyguard to the future Duke of Milan, Francesco II Sforza, who had been reinstated in Milan by Emperor Charles V. The "Medeghino" gained a reputation for unscrupulous violence in the Sforza pay; in partial recompense, he was made Marquis of Marignano on 28 March 1528 (by Imperial patent and confirmed by Francesco Sforza II, Duke of Milan), and also Marquis of Musso and Lecco.

paragraph: That he fled to Lake Como was no coincidence. For, he was born in Valsolda which is a part of the community of Porlezza. Evidence can be found that Marquis Giacomo di Medici was born in Valsolda and even had a residence in the community of Porlezza. In the main church of Cima, which belongs to the community of Porlezza, an inconspicuous relief shows the lion of San Marco, a symbol of the alliance between Gian Giacomo de Medici and the former Republic of Venice. It was put there in honor of his achievements. A description of the relief can be found on a plaque alongside.

paragraph: It is likely that Gian Giacomo even had a residence in Cima, on the same spot where now stands a hotel, probably not called by chance Parco San Marco.

paragraph: Il Medeghino became a famous "condottiere", or soldier of fortune, who fought in the pay of Charles V at the Battle of Mühlberg and elsewhere in Italy (the "War of Siena"), in the Wars of Religion in France and in the Low Countries. The great engineer Agostino Ramelli trained with Gian Giacomo, who instructed him in mathematics and architecture.

paragraph: In 1543 he purchased the ancient fortified castle of Frascarolo, near present-day Induno Olona, in the Valceresio, which he converted into a sumptuous villa. In the summer of 1545 he married Marzia Orsini, daughter of Ludovico Orsini, conte di Pitigliano. He was made a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1555, also the year of his death. Il Medeghino is buried in the Duomo of Milan.

paragraph: Since his only son, Camillo (died after 1586), was illegitimate, albeit made a Knight of the Order of Malta, Gian Giacomo's honors passed to his brother Agosto (1501 – 1570).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medici di Marignano: genealogical notes

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Gian Giacomo Medici

wikipedia_title: Gian Giacomo Medici


text:
Nahuatl
Tenochtitlan
Culhuacán
Acolmiztli
Acamapichtli
ruler
Huitzilihuitl
List of Tenochtitlan rulers

paragraph: Ilancueitl

paragraph: Ilancueitl (Nahuatl for "old-woman skirt"; ) was the first queen of Tenochtitlan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Ilancuéitl was a daughter of the then ruler of Culhuacán, Acolmiztli, and she married Acamapichtli, the first ruler of Tenochtitlan. She bore no children, so her husband took more wives.

paragraph: Ilancuéitl charged herself with the education of her stepson Huitzilihuitl.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Tenochtitlan rulers

description: Tenochca noble

wikidata_label: Ilancueitl

wikipedia_title: Ilancueitl


text:
Don
colonial
Nahua
noble
Santa María Cuepopan
San Juan Tenochtitlan
Diego Huanitzin
alcalde
tlatoani
governor
List of Tenochtitlan rulers

categories: Tenochca tlatoque,Year of birth unknown,1562 deaths,Governors of San Juan Tenochtitlan,Alcaldes of San Juan Tenochtitlan

paragraph: Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin

paragraph: Don Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin (or Cecepaticatzin) was a colonial Nahua noble from Santa María Cuepopan in San Juan Tenochtitlan. A son of the ruler don Diego Huanitzin, don Cristóbal first served as alcalde in 1556 before becoming Tenochtitlan's next-to-last "tlatoani" and third governor in 1557, titles he held until his death in 1562.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Tenochtitlan rulers

description: Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan

wikidata_label: Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin

wikipedia_title: Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin


text:
Toki Mochikane
shugo
Saitō Toshinaga
shugodai
Isshiki clan
Saitō clan
Ōnin War
Kyoto
Saitō Myōchin
Tomishima
Nagae
bakufu
Owari
Ise
Ōmi
Hida
Ōnin War
Ashikaga Yoshimi
Ashikaga Yoshitane
Kawate Castle
Saitō Myōjun
Saitō Toshifuji
Saitō clan

paragraph: Toki Shigeyori

paragraph: Section::::Rise to power.

paragraph: When Mochimasu's eldest son, Toki Mochikane (土岐持兼) died, Mochikane's son was selected to be the next "shugo" (governor) of Mino Province. However, Saitō Toshinaga, a "shugodai" (vice-governor), pushed Shigeyori to be the next "shugo". At the time, Shigeyori was a member of the related Isshiki clan, but was adopted by Mochimasu and succeeded him in 1467. This is one of the many examples during the middle part of the Muromachi period in which the "shugodai" usurped the power of the "shugo"; the Saitō clan even had its own power usurped later on.

paragraph: In 1467, Shigeyori fought for the western armies in the Ōnin War. He commanded a group of 8,000 men and fought with the forces stationed in Kyoto; his actions protected the life of Saitō Myōchin, the current "shugodai" of Mino Province. Afterwards, the Tomishima (富島氏 "Tomishima-shi") and Nagae (長江氏 "Nagae-shi") clans sided with the eastern armies and a civil war broke out within Mino Province, but Myōchin was able to defeat them. Because there were fears that the eastern armies would be able to take control of an influence the "bakufu", the western armies worked to gain organize and join with powerful shrines and other strong groups. Through this, Myōchin was able to extend his power to Owari, Ise, Ōmi and Hida provinces and Shigeyori was able to exert more influence over the western armies.

paragraph: Section::::Return to Mino Province.

paragraph: In 1477, after the end of the Ōnin War, Shigeyori gave sanctuary to Ashikaga Yoshimi and his son Ashikaga Yoshitane, the nominal heads of the western armies, he returned home to Mino Province. Yoshimi and Yoshitane spent the following eleven years living in Kawate Castle.

paragraph: After Myōchin died in 1480, Saitō Myōjun and Saitō Toshifuji fought for the right to succeed Myōchin. Myōjun won and further strengthened the power of the Saitō clan.

description: Leading military commander during the Muromachi period in Mino Province

wikidata_label: Toki Shigeyori

wikipedia_title: Toki Shigeyori


text:
Tulsa, Oklahoma
American
sprinter
San Jose State College
Lloyd (Bud) Winter
1959 Pan American Games
Leamon King
100 m
Track and Field News's
1960 Olympics
United States Olympic Trials
'Black Thursday'
Frank Budd
Stone Johnson
Dave Sime
Wilma Rudolph
halfback
San Francisco 49ers
National Football League
1960
1961 season
Track and Field News

categories: American football halfbacks,1937 births,American male sprinters,Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics,San Francisco 49ers players,Players of American football from Oklahoma,Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States,San Jose State University alumni,Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field),Track and field athletes from California,Sportspeople from Tulsa, Oklahoma,Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,Former world record holders in athletics (track and field),Athletes (track and field) at the 1959 Pan American Games,Living people

paragraph: Ray Norton

paragraph: Otis Ray Norton (born September 22, 1937 in Tulsa, Oklahoma) is a former American sprinter who competed in the 1960 Olympics in Rome.

paragraph: Section::::Track career.

paragraph: After graduating high school in 1955, Norton initially went to Oakland City College staying for just one year. He left in 1956 for San Jose State College, where he was coached by Lloyd (Bud) Winter. He first achieved national fame by equalling the world record of 9.3 for 100 y as a college junior, in San Jose on April 12, 1958. The next year, 1959, was an outstanding one. He won three gold medals at the 1959 Pan American Games and he tied Leamon King's record at the 100 m at 10.1 s in San Jose on April 18. His achievements in 1959 were recognised by being voted Track and Field News's United States Men's Athlete of the Year – the inaugural award of this honour.

paragraph: In 1960, Norton carried on his impressive form of the previous year by tying four world records: he equalled the 220 y record of 20.6 s in Berkeley on March 19; equalled again the 100 y record of 9.3 s in San Jose on April 2; equalled the 200 m record of 20.6 s in Philadelphia on April 30; and equalled the newly set record for the 200 m of 20.5 s in Stanford on July 2. He qualified for the 100 and 200 at the 1960 Olympics by coming first in both events at the United States Olympic Trials, equalling the world record in the process in the 200 m. However, his form at the Olympics itself deserted him, most probably because of nerves, and he finished a disappointing last in both the 100 and 200 m finals. Norton's failure on Thursday September 1 in the 100 m was one of such disasters that befell American favorites that day and the day was to become known as 'Black Thursday'. He tried to make amends for his failures in the individual events in the 4 × 100 m relay. The team of Frank Budd, Norton, Stone Johnson and Dave Sime finished first in a world record time of 39.4 s but were disqualified because the at the first exchange from Budd to Norton, Norton started too early and the exchange happened outside the changeover box. The West German team who finished second in 39.5 s received the gold medals and became the new world record holders. Norton came to the attention of the world's press at the Olympics for more than his athletic tribulations when he was seen courting his fellow American sprint star and public favorite Wilma Rudolph.

paragraph: Early in 1960, College and the social work degree he was working on. Norton continued to train at the San Clara Valley Youth Village. Norton retired from athletics that season and was drafted as an American football player at the end of that year.

paragraph: Section::::NFL career.

paragraph: Norton played halfback for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League during the 1960 and 1961 seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: In 1966, Norton sought the nomination to sit as a Republican for the California Assembly 17th District (Oakland and Berkeley). At the time he was working as a partner in a service agency for attorneys.

paragraph: Ray currently resides in Napa, California.

paragraph: Section::::Rankings.

paragraph: Norton was ranked among the best in the US and the world in both the 100 and 200 m sprint events between 1958 and 1960, according to the votes of the experts of "Track and Field News".

paragraph: Section::::USA Championships.

paragraph: Norton was a formidable performer at the USA national championships.

description: Player of American football

wikidata_label: Ray Norton

wikipedia_title: Ray Norton


text:
Prince of Salerno
Duke of Amalfi
Duke of Gaeta
Prince of Capua
Southern Italy
Byzantine
Mezzogiorno
the commencement of Norman power
Amatus of Montecassino
Guaimar III of Salerno
Gaitelgrima
Pandulf II of Benevento
Emperor Henry II
Pilgrim, Archbishop of Cologne
Pandulf IV of Capua
Pope Benedict VIII
regency
Italian Peninsula
Duke of Sorrento
Rainulf Drengot
Normans
Holy Roman
Byzantine emperor
Emperor Conrad II
Count of Aversa
Rocca Vandra
Monte Cassino
Sangro
Constantinople
Amalfi
Manso II
John II
Maria
Sorrento
Guy
Duke of Naples
John V
Comino
Aquino
Traetto
Venafro
Pontecorvo
Sora
Gaeta
Leo
Hautevilles
Giorgio Maniace
William
Sicily
epithet
Apulia
Duke of Apulia and Calabria
Melfi
Squillace
Holy Roman Emperor
Asclettin
Rainulf Trincanocte
Drogo
Gaitelgrima
Emperor Henry III
Empress Agnes
Pope Victor III
Pandulf III of Benevento
La Trinità della Cava
Landulf
Herman
Richard Drengot
Benevento
Pope Leo IX
Pandulf of Capaccio
Pandulf
Annales Beneventani
necrology
Lord Norwich
Peter Damian
Pope Nicholas II
Laidulf
John IV
Gisulf II
Policastro
Robert Guiscard
John, Abbot of Curte
Guaimar
Sichelgaita
Gaitelgrima
Robert, Count of Monte Sant'Angelo
Humphrey
Jordan I of Capua
Gwatkin, H. M.
Whitney, J. P.
Cambridge University Press
Norwich, John Julius
Longmans
London
Rome
Chalandon, Ferdinand
Paris
Osprey Publishing
Oxford
History of the Norman World

categories: Dukes of Gaeta,Princes of Salerno,Lombard warriors,Princes of Capua,11th-century Lombard people,Assassinated Italian people,1052 deaths,11th-century dukes of Amalfi

paragraph: Guaimar IV of Salerno

paragraph: Guaimar IV (c. 1013 – 2, 3 or 4 June 1052) was Prince of Salerno (1027–1052), Duke of Amalfi (1039–1052), Duke of Gaeta (1040–1041), and Prince of Capua (1038–1047) in Southern Italy over the period from 1027 to 1052. He was an important figure in the final phase of Byzantine authority in the Mezzogiorno and the commencement of Norman power. He was, according to Amatus of Montecassino, "more courageous than his father, more generous and more courteous; indeed he possessed all the qualities a layman should have—except that he took an excessive delight in women."

paragraph: Section::::Early conquests.

paragraph: He was born around the year 1013, the eldest son of Guaimar III of Salerno by Gaitelgrima, daughter of Duke Pandulf II of Benevento. His elder half-brother, the son of Porpora of Tabellaria, John (III) reigned as co-prince from 1015. When he died in 1018, Guaimar was made co-prince. In 1022, the Emperor Henry II campaigned in southern Italy against the Greeks and sent Pilgrim, Archbishop of Cologne, to attack Pandulf IV of Capua, nicknamed the "Wolf of the Abruzzi", and Guaimar of Salerno. Pandulf was captured and Guaimar submitted, sending the younger Guaimar as a hostage. The emperor remanded him to Pope Benedict VIII and he was released. The younger Guaimar succeeded his father in Salerno in 1027 (at the age of fourteen or sixteen, possibly under the regency of his mother during his brief minority). He embarked then on a lifelong quest to control the whole of the southern third of the Italian Peninsula.

paragraph: In 1036, he received word that his uncle and erstwhile ally, Pandulf of Capua, had attempted to rape his niece, the daughter of his wife's sister and the Duke of Sorrento. He then received the homage of the defecting Rainulf Drengot, formerly a vassal of Pandulf. Thus, Guaimar won the support of the Normans in the Mezzogiorno. In 1037, Guaimar made the politically savvy request of arbitration to both the Holy Roman and Byzantine emperors over the issue of Pandulf's unfitness to rule. Emperor Conrad II accepted the invitation and traveled south in Spring 1038. He demanded hostages from Pandulf. However, the hostages escaped and Capua was promptly besieged. Having taken that principality, he gave it to Guaimar (May), who asked for a title of nobility for his new Norman vassal. This was granted and Rainulf officially became "Count of Aversa" and a vassal of Salerno.

paragraph: Guaimar set out to take possession of his new principality immediately. On 15 August, he conquered Rocca Vandra and gave it to the abbey of Monte Cassino. Meanwhile, the Normans of Aversa pacified the valley of the Sangro. After Pandulf fled to Constantinople, Guaimar turned his attention to Amalfi. In April 1039, in support of the deposed and blinded Manso II, Guaimar forced the abdication and exile of John II and his mother, Maria, a sister of Pandulf. Guaimar installed himself as duke. Then in July, he conquered Sorrento, which had been conquered by Pandulf in 1034. He gave it to his brother Guy with the title of duke. He also received the homage of the Duke of Naples, John V, who had brought the request for mediation to Constantinople in 1037.

paragraph: In the north, he brought Comino, Aquino, Traetto (May 1039), Venafro (October 1040), Pontecorvo, and Sora under his rule. In June 1040, he took Gaeta, which had been conquered by Pandulf in 1032. After October 1041, Guaimar ceases to appear in the acts of Gaeta and it seems he was replaced by a popular usurper related to the old dynasty, Leo. By December 1042, however, Gaeta was in the hands of Rainulf, holding it from Guaimar.

paragraph: Section::::Hauteville alliance.

paragraph: Soon after, he became involved with the Hautevilles. The Byzantines, who had not responded to Guaimar's earlier request for help, were preparing an expedition under the great general Giorgio Maniace. Guaimar sent, at their request, a cohort of Lombard and Norman warriors, the first of which was one William, who, in Sicily, won the epithet "Iron Arm". In 1038, the Normans and Lombards returned in a rebellious state and quickly invaded Greek Apulia. In this, Guaimar supported them and, in 1042, they elected William Iron Arm as count and sought the approval of Guaimar, whom they acclaimed, in full opposition to any Byzantine claims, Duke of Apulia and Calabria (1043). Guaimar, in accordance with good feudal theory, granted them Melfi and the republican model on which it was set up. The feudal grounding was not so good in law, however. Guaimar was only duke by acclamation of the men he appointed as vassals and it was by the authority of the ducal title that he installed them in Melfi. This would cause him trouble later.

paragraph: In 1044, he and the Iron Arm began to take Calabria and built a large castle at Squillace. In his later years, he had trouble retaining his possessions in the face of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Normans. Rainulf Drengot, who still held Aversa, originally from the Duke of Naples, died in 1045 and his county passed, against all protestation from Guaimar, to his nephew Asclettin. Later in that same year, Guaimar opposed the succession of Asclettin's cousin Rainulf Trincanocte, but again was overridden. These quarrels led the once-loyal Aversa to return its allegiance to Pandulf, lately returned from exile in Constantinople. War with Pandulf continued from 1042 to 1047. Guaimar secured his own position, however, by recognising William's brother Drogo shortly after William's death in 1046 and by giving him his sister Gaitelgrima in marriage.

paragraph: Section::::Later reversals.

paragraph: In 1047, however, Guaimar's life's work was undone. In that year Emperor Henry III came to demand homage from the dukes of the south. He returned Capua to Pandulf and took Aversa and Melfi directly under his suzerainty. Finally, he deprived Guaimar of his title over Apulia and Calabria, bringing to an end that troublesome feudal oddity. The emperor also besieged Benevento, where Empress Agnes was being held while the gates were shut to him. At that point, Daufer, the future Pope Victor III, brother of Pandulf III of Benevento, fled the city and sought the protection of Guaimar, who gave him refuge in La Trinità della Cava. Daufer's nephew Landulf personally traveled to Salerno to meet with Guaimar and negotiate the return of Daufer. Daufer was returned with the promise that his choice of a monastic vocation would be respected.

paragraph: In 1048, Pandulf, once again prince of Capua, was at war with Guaimar. On the death in that year of Rainulf II of Aversa (Rainulf Trincanocte), his succeeding son Herman, an infant, required a regent. The first appointment, Bellebouche, was a failure. Richard Drengot, a cousin of Herman's, was then in a Melfitan prison for making war on Drogo. Guaimar soon procured his release and personally brought him to Aversa, where he was installed as regent, and later as count in his own right. Thus, Guaimar recaptured the allegiance of Aversa.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination.

paragraph: At a synod in Benevento in July 1051, Pope Leo IX besought Guaimar and Drogo to stop the Norman incursions on church lands. Soon Drogo was assassinated, probably by a Byzantine conspiracy. The next year, Guaimar too was assassinated in the harbour of his capital. The four assassins were the brothers of his wife Gemma. Guaimar's brother Pandulf of Capaccio was also killed, but Guy of Sorrento escaped while Guaimar's sister and niece were locked up. The brothers-in-law seized the city and elected Pandulf, eldest among them, prince. The date of Guaimar's assassination is given as 2 June in the "Annales Beneventani", as 3 June in Amatus and as 4 June in the necrology of Monte Cassino.

paragraph: Guy fled to the Normans and soon the four conspirators were besieged in Salerno by a large Norman force and Guy's Sorrentine army. The assassins' families soon fell into their enemies' hands and they negotiated their release by releasing Gisulf, Guaimar's son and heir, to Guy. Guy accepted their surrender soon after, promising not to harm them. The Normans, however, who maintained they were not bound by Guy's oath, massacred the four brothers and thirty-six others, one for each stab wound found in Guaimar's body. Thus the Normans showed their loyalty to Guaimar even after his death.

paragraph: Guaimar's legacy includes his dominion, either by conquest or otherwise, over Salerno, Amalfi, Gaeta, Naples, Sorrento, Apulia, Calabria, and Capua at one time or another. He was the last great Lombard prince of the south, but perhaps he is best known for his character, which the Lord Norwich sums up this way: "...without once breaking a promise or betraying a trust. Up to the day he died his honour and good faith had never once been called in question." Peter Damian, a contemporary, in a tract written for Pope Nicholas II, held a different view: Guaimar "was killed by the sword because of his many acts of violence and tyrannical oppression".

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Guaimar married Gemma, a daughter of the Capuan Count Laidulf. They were married before 1032. They had six sons, five of whom outlived them, and at least four daughters.

paragraph: In 1037, Guaimar had made his eldest son John co-prince as John IV, but John died in 1039. Guaimar was succeeded by his second son Gisulf II (co-prince since 1042), whom the Normans put under their protection. His third son was Landulf, Lord of Policastro. His fourth son Guy was an ally of Robert Guiscard. His fifth son was John, Abbot of Curte. His youngest son, Guaimar, co-ruled with his brother Gisulf.

paragraph: Guaimar's eldest daughter was Sichelgaita, who married Robert Guiscard. His younger daughter was Gaitelgrima, whom he married to Drogo after William's death. She brought with her a large dowry. She married twice more: to Robert, Count of Monte Sant'Angelo, and to a Count Alfred. Humphrey, Drogo's brother and successor, is said to have married a daughter of Guaimar's, often assumed to be the widow of his brother, but this is impossible. Also, Jordan I of Capua is said to have married a woman named "Gatteclina", a sister of Sichelgaita.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gwatkin, H. M., Whitney, J. P. (ed) et al. "The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III". Cambridge University Press, 1926.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwich, John Julius. "The Normans in the South 1016-1130". Longmans: London, 1967.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Caravale, Mario (ed). "Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LX Grosso – Guglielmo da Forlì". Rome, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chalandon, Ferdinand. "Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicilie". Paris, 1907.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gravett, Christopher, and Nicolle, David. "The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles". Osprey Publishing: Oxford, 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Norman World.

description: Italian prince

wikidata_label: Guaimar IV of Salerno

wikipedia_title: Guaimar IV of Salerno


text: Canadian

text: McGill University

text: Thompson Berwick and Pratt and Partners

text: University of British Columbia

text: Alcan

text: Ontario Association of Architects

text: Thompson Berwick and Pratt and Partners

text: Naramata

text: Ontario Association of Architects

text: Thompson Berwick and Pratt and Partners

categories: 21st-century Canadian architects,Canadian women architects,2014 deaths,1919 births,McGill University alumni

paragraph: Catherine Mary Wisnicki

paragraph: Catherine Mary Wisnicki (née Chard, 1919) was a Canadian architect, planner and educator. She was the first woman to graduate from the McGill University school of architecture. Her professional career was spent largely in Vancouver, where she was a senior designer with the firm Sharp, Thompson, Berwick, Pratt (later Thompson Berwick and Pratt and Partners). She taught at the University of British Columbia school of architecture.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Catherine Mary Wisnicki was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1919. She graduated from McGill University with a Bachelor of Arts in History in 1939. She then went on to obtain her Bachelor of Architecture, becoming the first woman to graduate from architecture at McGill in 1943.

paragraph: Early in her career, Wisnicki worked with A.J.C. Paine and Lawson & Betts. She also participated in the planning of Arvida, Québec, for the Aluminum Company of Canada (now Alcan). Right after World War II, she undertook a study of prefabricated housing for the Canadian Wooden Aircraft Company in Toronto. As an outcome of the research, she co-authored a major article on the subject of "prefab" houses with city planner E.G. Faludi in 1945.

paragraph: In 1945, Wisnicki registered with the Ontario Association of Architects, becoming their fourth woman member. That same year, she married Paul Wisnicki, a former aeronautical structural engineer in the Polish Air Force. In 1946, they moved to Vancouver, where she became the second female member to register with the Architectural Institute of British Columbia.

paragraph: Wisnicki spent most of her career in Vancouver, where she became a senior designer with firm Sharp, Thompson, Berwick, Pratt (later Thompson Berwick and Pratt and Partners. She worked closely with partner Ned Pratt, participating in the design of the Brooks, Saba, Gregg and Mathers residences, all considered icons of Canadian West Coast Modernism. She also worked briefly in partnership with architect John C.H. Porter to design the Daniels and Nemetz houses on the University of British Columbia Endowment Lands, which are also considered iconic.

paragraph: In 1963, Wisnicki began teaching part-time at the University of British Columbia's school of architecture. She joined the faculty full-time in 1969.

paragraph: After retiring in 1986, Wisnicki and her husband moved to Naramata, British Columbia where they designed and built an innovative passive solar house.

paragraph: Section::::Influence.

paragraph: Wisnicki is a trailblazing woman in a field dominated by men. She was the first woman to graduate from McGill University's school of architecture, the fourth female member of the Ontario Association of Architects, and the second female member of the Architectural Institute of British Columbia. Along with Porter and others, Wisnicki was among a group that brought Modernist ideas to the West Coast in the postwar period. She contributed to the regional style known as West Coast Modernism or BC Modernism, characterized by a clear expression of structure (often with large wood or concrete members), and generous connections between indoor and outdoor spaces.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thompson Berwick and Pratt and Partners

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Constructing Careers: Profiles of Five Early Women Architects in British Columbia". Vancouver : Women in Architecture Exhibits Committee, 1996.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catherine Chard Wisnicki fonds at the Canadian Centre for Architecture

alias:
Catherine Chard
Catherine Chard Wisnicki
Catherine Wisnicki

description: Canadian Architect

wikidata_label: Catherine Mary Wisnicki

wikipedia_title: Catherine Mary Wisnicki


text:
experimental music
New York City
experimental music
Sacred Bones Records
Sacred Bones Records

paragraph: Pharmakon (noise project)

paragraph: Pharmakon is the solo experimental music project of Margaret Chardiet (born June 19, 1990), based out of New York City and formed in 2007. Pharmakon's live musical act has been described as confrontational and concise, attempting to "cross the boundary between performer and audience". Her songs are completely prearranged both live and in recordings, more focused on perfecting a sound rather than generating randomness in noise.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Growing up in New York City, Chardiet has been a prominent figure in the underground, experimental music scene since the age of 17. Her involvement in this scene helped inspire her to create her music.

paragraph: Her eponymous debut as Pharmakon was released in 2009 on the BloodLust! label.

paragraph: Signing to Sacred Bones Records, she released "Abandon" in 2013.

paragraph: For her third release, "Bestial Burden", Chardiet stated that the main inspiration for the album was her abrupt surgery, explaining that her experiences made her feel a disconnect with her physical body and her mind.

paragraph: The fourth Pharmakon album, "Contact", was released by Sacred Bones on March 31, 2017.

paragraph: Chardiet will release her fifth Pharmakon album, "Devour", on August 30, 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pharmakon" (2009, BloodLust!)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Abandon" (2013, Sacred Bones Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bestial Burden" (2014, Sacred Bones Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contact" (2017, Sacred Bones Records)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Devour" (2019, Sacred Bones Records)

description: American noise musician

wikidata_label: Pharmakon

wikipedia_title: Pharmakon (noise project)


categories: Wearable art,American fashion designers,Contemporary sculptors,Women fashion designers,American conceptual artists,Women conceptual artists,21st-century women artists,Living people

paragraph: Elena Stonaker

paragraph: "Elena Stonaker" is an American fine artist and designer who lives and works in Los Angeles. Her soft sculpture and wearable art works have been described as evoking "a shamanistic aesthetic", through the use of quilting techniques, beading, and myth-based narratives.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::-  (Official Website)

description: American artist and designer

wikidata_label: Elena Stonaker

wikipedia_title: Elena Stonaker


text:
Estonia
Finnish
Tallinn
Sini Sabotage
Levikset repee
Musta Barbaari
Salil eka salil vika
Kube
Kuningas Pähkinä
Setä Tamu
Sini Sabotage

categories: Electronic dance music DJs,Finnish DJs,Finnish rappers,Musicians from Tallinn,Estonian expatriates in Finland,Living people,Singers from Tallinn

paragraph: Mäkki

paragraph: Gert Kaasik better known as Mäkki, is an Estonian-born Finnish rapper and DJ.

paragraph: Mäkki, born in Tallinn, and living in Finland, came to prominence in the summer of 2013, when he released a music video and his own version of the Sini Sabotage hit "Levikset repee" followed by his version of Musta Barbaari hit "Salil eka salil vika" Mäkki published later singles and music videos for "Dippaa", "Kalenteris Tyhjää" and "Grilli Kuumana" making him even more popular. He released his solo album "Ihan pomona" on 20 February 2015 with collaborations from Kube, Ruma, , , Kuningas Pähkinä, Setä Tamu, and Sini Sabotage. The album peaked at number 11 on the Finnish Albums Chart.

description: Finnish DJ

wikidata_label: Mäkki

wikipedia_title: Mäkki


categories: Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria,7th-century Egyptian people,7th-century archbishops

paragraph: Patriarch Theodore I of Alexandria

paragraph: Theodore I served as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria between 607 and 609.

wikidata_label: Patriarch Theodore I of Alexandria

wikipedia_title: Patriarch Theodore I of Alexandria


categories: 7th-century deaths,Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria,Year of birth unknown,Heraclius,7th-century archbishops

paragraph: Patriarch George I of Alexandria

paragraph: George I served as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria between 621 and 631.

description: Patriarch of Alexandria

wikidata_label: Patriarch George I of Alexandria

wikipedia_title: Patriarch George I of Alexandria


text: Dewan

text: Travancore

text: Alappuzha

text: Southern Travancore

text: Palliyadi

text: Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma

text: Travancore army fought

text: Diwan of Travancore

text: Thiruvananthapuram

text: Alappuzha

text: Main Central Road

text: Kerala

text: Chalai Market

categories: Politicians from Alappuzha,Diwans of Travancore,1745 births,People of the Kingdom of Travancore,1799 deaths

paragraph: Raja Kesavadas

paragraph: Raja Kesavadas (1745-1799; Sanskrit "") was the Dewan of Travancore during the reign of Dharma Raja Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma. He is well known for his planning skills and administrative acumen. He was the master mind in developing the Alappuzha town.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Raja Kesavadas was born as " Kesava Pillai" at a small hamlet called Kunnathur village Southern Travancore, in Kanyakumari district on March17, 1745 in the erstwhile Kingdom of Travancore. Although he had little formal education, knowing his abilities in mathematics, Puthukkada Chettiyar, a wealthy merchant from Palliyadi, appointed Kesava Pillai as his accountant. Later he was appointed as the apprentice of Pokkumoosa Marickar, a leading merchant and exporter. Pokumoosa was very faithful to the Maharaja of Travancore, Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma and during a visit to his palace Kesava Pillai accompanied him. The maharaja was impressed by the skills of Kesava Pillai and he was appointed to the Travancore palace.

paragraph: Section::::In Royal Service.

paragraph: When Tippu Sultan of Mysore attacked Travancore, Kesava Pillai was the commandant of the state army. Travancore army fought against the Mysore force under the leadership of Kesava Pillai and Tippu was forced to retreat.

paragraph: Recognizing his victory over the Mysore, the Karthika Thirunal Maharaja of Travancore appointed Kesava Pillai as Diwan of Travancore. He was glorified by the British Governor Mornington, by the title Raja in appreciation of his administrative talents. As Diwan, Raja Kesavadas was responsible for shifting the capital of Travancore from Padmanabhapuram to Thiruvananthapuram.

paragraph: Section::::Contributions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Development of Alappuzha port

paragraph: His all time contribution is finding an ideal location and constructing a well planned port city at Alappuzha. He found Alappuzha as the most suitable, because of the geographical and oceanic reasons. He constructed two parallel canals for bringing goods to port and offered infrastructural facilities to merchants and traders from Surat, Mumbai and Kutch to start industrial enterprises, trading, and cargo centres. Alappuzha attained progress and became the financial nerve centre of Travancore during his time. The port was opened in 1762, mainly for the export of coir-matting and coir-yarn. Kesavadas built three ships for trade with Calcutta and Bombay, and alleppey afforded a convenient depot for the storage and disposal of goods produce in the east.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Construction of MC road

paragraph: The Main Central Road (MC Road) which is the arterial State Highway in the Travancore region of Kerala state was constructed at the time when Raja Kesavadas was the dewan of travancore.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Opening of Chalai Market

paragraph: Chalai Market was officially established towards end of 18th century by Raja Kesavadas with an intention to make this bazaar a central point for the supply of commodities to the Travancore kingdom. Killi and the Karamana rivers nearby were used to carry goods from different parts of Travancore state.

paragraph: Section::::Later Years.

paragraph: His tenure of Diwan ended with demise of Dharma Raja Karthika Thirunal in 1798. Balarama Varma, his successor aged fourteen became the crown prince who was too young in the hands of Jayanthan Sankaran Nampoothiri. Raja Kesavadas was proclaimed as a traitor and kept under house arrest which helped Jayanthan Sankaran Nampoothiri to usurp the post of Diwan. Later his family assets were confiscated and was poisoned to death on 21 April 1799.

description: Diwan of Travencore

wikidata_label: Raja Kesavadas

wikipedia_title: Raja Kesavadas


text:
Italian
Sicily
Sebastiano del Piombo
Bologna
Mannerism
Palermo
San Giacomo Maggiore
Mannerist
Giambologna
Pope Pius IV
Santa Susanna
Michelangelo
Campidoglio
Brutus
Horatius Cocles
Victory at Lake Regillus
Mucius Scaevola
Council of Trent
"Sala di Costantino"
Raphael
Sixtus V
Baglione
Antonio Scalvati
di sotto in su
Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola
San Prospero
Reggio Emilia
Ludovico Carracci
Accademia di San Luca
Federico Zuccari
Orazio Borgianni
Filippo Titi, "", 1763
(Getty Museum) "the Geometry of Seeing"
Laueti and the Sala di Costantino
Roberto Piperno, ""

categories: Italian male painters,People from Palermo,17th-century Italian painters,16th-century Italian painters,1602 deaths,Sicilian painters,1530s births

paragraph: Tommaso Laureti

paragraph: Tommaso Laureti, often called Tommaso Laureti Siciliano (c. 1530 — 22 September 1602), was an Italian painter from Sicily who trained in the atelier of the aged Sebastiano del Piombo and worked in Bologna. From 1582, he worked for papal patrons in Rome in a Michelangelo-inspired style with special skill in illusionistic perspective, that in his Roman work avoided all but traces of Mannerism.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Laureti was born in Palermo, Sicily. After his first master's death in 1547, he settled in Bologna, introducing illusionistic perspective paintings on ceilings to the city, notably an "Alexander the Great" ceiling with a painted architectural setting in Palazzo Vizzani. He painted a "Transportation of the Body of Saint Augustine" for the church of San Giacomo Maggiore in Bologna. The Mannerist structural elements of the marble and bronze "Fountain of Neptune" in Bologna, which is surmounted by Giambologna's "Neptune", completed in 1566, were based on a 1563 drawing by Laureti. This commission from Pope Pius IV is undoubtedly Laureti's most familiar public work ("illustration, left below").

paragraph: In the church of Santa Susanna in Rome, Laureti's "Death of Saint Susanna" the main altarpiece in the church. His frescoes in the "Sala dei Capitani" in Michelangelo's "Palazzo dei Conservatori" on the Campidoglio, painted in 1587-94, depict episodes from Ancient Roman republic: "The Justice of Brutus"; "Horatius Cocles defending the Pons Sublicius"; "Victory at Lake Regillus"; and "Mucius Scaevola before Lars Porsena".

paragraph: In 1582, the administration of Pope Gregory XIII commissioned Laureti to execute a series of frescoes on a post-Council of Trent triumphalist theme, "The Triumph of the Christian religion" on the newly vaulted ceiling of the "Sala di Costantino" or Hall of Constantine, where the walls had been frescoed by the school of Raphael earlier in the century. The central theme is surrounded by allegorical female figures representing the Italian provinces. The ceiling was completed under the pontificate of Sixtus V, who had grown discontent with the dilatory performance of Laureti. The rigorous illusionistic perspectives represent the painter's constant fascination with the art of perspective. Baglione in his biographies of artists states Laureti was assisted by the painter Antonio Scalvati.

paragraph: Laureti's perspective design for a portion of an illusionistic ceiling, seen as "di sotto in su" or 'from below to above', was engraved for Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola's, "Le due regole della prospettiva pratica.", 1583 ("illustration, right").

paragraph: For the Basilica of San Prospero in Reggio Emilia, he painted an altarpiece depicting the "Assumption"; this painting was completed by Ludovico Carracci in 1602.

paragraph: Laureti was the second "principe" or director of the Accademia di San Luca or the artists' academy in Rome, succeeding Federico Zuccari in 1595. His commemorative portrait (dated 1603) by Orazio Borgianni is still on display in the Accademia di San Luca.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Filippo Titi, "", 1763

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Getty Museum) "the Geometry of Seeing" 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laueti and the Sala di Costantino

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roberto Piperno, "" G. Vasi's description, 1761.

alias:
Siciliano Lauretti
Siciliano Laureti
Tomaso Laureti Siciliano
Tommaso Lauretti
Thomaso Laureti
Tomaso Laureti
Tomaso Loreti
Bolonais Thomas Laureti
Tomaso Laurenti Siciliano

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Tommaso Laureti

wikipedia_title: Tommaso Laureti


text:
Mogiła
noble
Russian Empire
Grodno Governorate
Bychowiec Chronicle
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Major General
Russian Imperial Army

categories: Polish historians,Belarusian nobility,Year of birth missing,19th-century historians,Historians of Lithuania,Polish nobility,19th-century Polish scholars,People from Pruzhany District,1863 deaths,Belarusian historians

paragraph: Aleksander Bychowiec

paragraph: Aleksander Bychowiec of Mogiła () was a Russian-Polish noble and an amateur historian of the Russian Empire from the Grodno Governorate.

paragraph: He is best known as the discoverer (and the name-sake) of the so-called Bychowiec Chronicle, a set of 16th-century texts related to the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Casimir

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stanislaw Joseph Daniel (1829-1883), a Major General of the Russian Imperial Army

description: Polish noble and historian

wikidata_label: Aleksander Bychowiec

wikipedia_title: Aleksander Bychowiec


text: John, King of England

text: Scotland

text: England

text: Robert de Quincy

text: William the Lion

text: Leuchars

text: Fife

text: below

text: Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester

text: Roger de Beaumont

text: Bishop of St Andrews

text: Earl of Winchester

text: John

text: Robert Fitzwalter

text: Vaudreuil

text: Normandy

text: Philip II of France

text: Mac William

text: Brabant

text: Magna Carta

text: Louis of France

text: Henry III

text: Fifth Crusade

text: Damietta

text: Acre

text: Kingdom of Jerusalem

text: Garendon Abbey

text: Loughborough

text: Norman Conquest

text: Cuinchy

text: Arrondissement of Béthune

text: Long Buckby

text: Northamptonshire

text: Matilda of St Liz

text: David I of Scotland

text: Maud of Northumbria

text: Robert de Quincy

text: Robert Fitz Richard

text: Robert Fitzwalter

text: William the Lion

text: Leuchars

text: Fife

text: Strathearn

text: Lothian

text: Henry the Young King

text: William de Valognes

text: Roger

text: Robert de Quincy

text: Elen

text: Llywelyn the Great

text: Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford

text: The Complete Peerage

categories: Magna Carta barons,Earls of Winchester,1219 deaths,1170 births,Christians of the Fifth Crusade,Norman warriors,Scoto-Normans

paragraph: Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester

paragraph: Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester (c. 11703 November 1219) was one of the leaders of the baronial rebellion against John, King of England, and a major figure in both the kingdoms of Scotland and England in the decades around the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

paragraph: Section::::Scottish Upbringing.

paragraph: Saer de Quincy's immediate background was in the Scottish kingdom: his father, Robert de Quincy, was a knight in the service of King William the Lion, and his mother, Arabella, was the heiress of the lordship of Leuchars in Fife (see below).

paragraph: His own rise to prominence in England came through his marriage to Margaret, the younger sister of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester: but it is probably no coincidence that her other brother was the de Quincy's powerful Fife neighbour, Roger de Beaumont, Bishop of St Andrews. Earl Robert died in 1204, and left Margaret as co-heiress to the vast earldom along with her elder sister. The estate was split in half, and after the final division was ratified in 1207, de Quincy was made Earl of Winchester.

paragraph: Section::::Earl of Winchester.

paragraph: Following his marriage, Winchester became a prominent military and diplomatic figure in England. There is no evidence of any close alliance with King John, however, and his rise to importance was probably due to his newly acquired magnate status and the family connections that underpinned it.

paragraph: One man with whom he does seem to have developed a close personal relationship is his cousin, Robert Fitzwalter (died 1235). In 1203, they served as co-commanders of the garrison at the major fortress of Vaudreuil in Normandy. They surrendered the castle without a fight to Philip II of France, fatally weakening the English position in northern France. Although popular opinion seems to have blamed them for the capitulation, a royal writ is extant stating that the castle was surrendered at King John's command, and both Winchester and Fitzwalter endured personal humiliation and heavy ransoms at the hands of the French.

paragraph: In Scotland, he was perhaps more successful. In 1211 to 1212, the Earl of Winchester commanded an imposing retinue of a hundred knights and a hundred serjeants in William the Lion's campaign against the Mac William rebels, a force which some historians have suggested may have been the mercenary force from Brabant lent to the campaign by John.

paragraph: Section::::Magna Carta.

paragraph: In 1215, when the baronial rebellion broke out, Robert Fitzwalter became the military commander, and the Earl of Winchester joined him, acting as one of the chief authors of Magna Carta and negotiators with John; both cousins were among the 25 guarantors of the Magna Carta. De Quincy fought against John in the troubles that followed the sealing of the Charter, and, again with Fitzwalter, travelled to France to invite Prince Louis of France to take the English throne. He and Fitzwalter were subsequently among the most committed and prominent supporters of Louis's candidature for the kingship, against both John and the infant Henry III.

paragraph: Section::::The Fifth Crusade.

paragraph: When military defeat cleared the way for Henry III to take the throne, de Quincy went on crusade, perhaps in fulfilment of an earlier vow. In 1219 he left to join the Fifth Crusade, then besieging Damietta. While in the east, he fell sick and died. He was buried in Acre, the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, rather than in Egypt, and his heart was brought back and interred at Garendon Abbey near Loughborough, a house endowed by his wife's family.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: The family of de Quincy had arrived in England after the Norman Conquest, and took their name from Cuinchy in the Arrondissement of Béthune; the personal name "Saer" was used by them over several generations. Both names are variously spelt in primary sources and older modern works, the first name being sometimes rendered "Saher" or "Seer", and the surname as "Quency" or "Quenci".

paragraph: The first recorded Saer de Quincy (known to historians as "Saer I") was lord of the manor of Long Buckby in Northamptonshire in the earlier twelfth century, and second husband of Matilda of St Liz, stepdaughter of King David I of Scotland by Maud of Northumbria. This marriage produced two sons, Saer II and Robert de Quincy. It was Robert, the younger son, who was the father of the Saer de Quincy who eventually became Earl of Winchester. By her first husband Robert Fitz Richard, Matilda was also the paternal grandmother of Earl Saer's close ally, Robert Fitzwalter.

paragraph: Robert de Quincy seems to have inherited no English lands from his father, and pursued a knightly career in Scotland, where he is recorded from around 1160 as a close companion of his cousin, King William the Lion. By 1170 he had married Orabilis, heiress of the Scottish lordship of Leuchars and, through her, he became lord of an extensive complex of estates north of the border which included lands in Fife, Strathearn and Lothian.

paragraph: Saer de Quincy, the son of Robert de Quincy and Orabilis of Leuchars, was raised largely in Scotland. His absence from English records for the first decades of his life has led some modern historians and genealogists to confuse him with his uncle, Saer II, who took part in the rebellion of Henry the Young King in 1173, when the future Earl of Winchester can have been no more than a toddler. Saer II's line ended without direct heirs, and his nephew and namesake would eventually inherit his estate, uniting his primary Scottish holdings with the family's Northamptonshire patrimony, and possibly some lands in France.

paragraph: Section::::Family.:Issue.

paragraph: By his wife Margaret de Beaumont, Earl Saer had three sons and three daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lora, who married Sir William de Valognes, Chamberlain of Scotland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arabella, who married Sir Richard Harcourt.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert (died 1217); before 1206 he married Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln, sister and co-heiress of Randolph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roger, who succeeded his father as earl of Winchester (though he did not take formal possession of the earldom until after his mother's death).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert de Quincy (second son of that name; died 1257), who married Elen, daughter of the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hawise, who married Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford.

paragraph: Section::::Background Reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medieval Lands Project on Saher de Quincy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Winchester", in "The Complete Peerage", ed. G.E.C., xii. 745-751

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sidney Painter, "The House of Quency, 1136-1264", "Medievalia et Humanistica", 11 (1957) 3-9; reprinted in his book "Feudalism and Liberty"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grant G. Simpson, “An Anglo-Scottish Baron of the Thirteenth century: the Acts of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester and Constable of Scotland” (Unpublished PhD Thesis, Edinburgh 1963).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick Lewis Weis, "Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700" (7th Edition, 1992,), 58-60.

description: Scottish Earl

wikidata_label: Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester

wikipedia_title: Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester


text:
John VIII Palaiologos
Byzantine Empire
Vasily I of Moscow
Sophia of Lithuania
Vytautas the Great
Anna
Manuel II Palaiologos
Helena Dragaš
Despotes
Doukas
bubonic plague
Black Death
Europe

categories: 15th-century Russian princesses,1417 deaths,15th-century deaths from plague (disease),Byzantine empresses,Yurievichi family,14th-century Russian princesses,15th-century Russian people,15th-century Byzantine people,15th-century Byzantine women,1393 births,14th-century Russian women,Palaiologos dynasty,14th-century Russian people,Burials at Lips Monastery

paragraph: Anna of Moscow

paragraph: Anna Vasilievna of Moscow (1393 – August 1417) was a Byzantine Empress consort by marriage to John VIII Palaiologos. She died while her husband was still the junior co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: She was a daughter of Vasily I of Moscow and Sophia of Lithuania. Her maternal grandparents were Vytautas the Great and his first wife, Anna.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: She married John VIII in 1414. Her husband was the eldest surviving son of Manuel II Palaiologos and Helena Dragaš. John was named Despotes in 1416 and seems to have assumed the position of co-emperor shortly thereafter.

paragraph: Anna was second in status only to her mother-in-law among the women of the Byzantine court. The history of Doukas records her dying of the "plague" in 1417. She is thought to be a victim of bubonic plague. Following the Black Death this plague continued to strike parts of Europe sporadically until the 17th century, each time with reduced intensity and fatality, suggesting an increased resistance due to genetic selection.

description: Byzantine empresses

wikidata_label: Anna of Moscow

wikipedia_title: Anna of Moscow


text:
Chitradurga
Peshwa
Madhavrao I
Harpanahalli
Peshwa
Kingdom of Mysore
Hyder Ali

categories: 1779 deaths,People from Chitradurga,1758 births,History of Karnataka,Indian royalty

paragraph: Madakari Nayaka

paragraph: Ontisalaga Madakari Nayaka or Madakari Nayaka V was the greatest and the last ruler of Chitradurga, and belonged to Nayaka community in Chitradurga, Karnataka India.

paragraph: Also gain a title of Eppataru palegarara Ganda(ಎಪ್ಪತ್ತಾರು ಪಾಳೇಗಾರರ ಗಂಡ Superior ruler over 76 palegara's) by Peshwa  Madhavrao I after helped to win Nijagallu Fort.

paragraph: Section::::Rise and Early life.

paragraph: After Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II dies in 1754 without an heir, 12-year-old Madakari Nayaka, son of Bharamappa Nayaka of Jaanakalludurga (a small fort town close to Chitradurga), is named his successor and ascends to the throne.

paragraph: Madakari Nayaka soon faces challenges from neighbouring enemies of Chitradurga such as Rayadurga and Harpanahalli, whose rulers have long eyed this fort and try to take advantage of Madakari's youth and relative inexperience and defeat him in battle. However, young Madakari is up to the challenge and leads his forces successfully against the would-be usurpers. Soon, he establishes himself as a kind ruler of his subjects and iron-fisted vanquisher of his enemies.

paragraph: Section::::Relationship with Other States.

paragraph: Harapanahalli and Rayadurga Palegara's are common enemies of Chitradurga provision from the date of established.

paragraph: Initially there were good with Peshwa and after some dramatic incidents made strong relationship between them. But continuous political instability in Pune, they were helpless during last days of Palegara's.

paragraph: Chitradurga administration always wants peace relationships with Kingdom of Mysore because they were very nearer them considered to Pune. Hyder Ali takes help of Madakari Nayaka to expands his state borders in north. Hyder Ali afraid courgeous act of Madakari Nayaka during many Conflict. Barbaric and ruthless massacre after a victory in other States by Hyder Ali made to hesitate to Madakari Nayaka.

paragraph: When cunning Hyder Ali send spies to chitradurga and some treaties cause cold war between them.

paragraph: Surrounding small province maintaince good relationship with Palegara's.

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Indian royalty

wikidata_label: Madakari Nayaka

wikipedia_title: Madakari Nayaka


text: Akira Watanabe Official Web Site

categories: People from Utsunomiya, Tochigi,Sportspeople from Tochigi Prefecture,Motocross riders,Japanese motorcycle racers,1954 births,Living people

paragraph: Akira Watanabe (motorcyclist)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akira Watanabe Official Web Site

description: Japanese motorcycle racer

wikidata_label: Akira Watanabe

wikipedia_title: Akira Watanabe (motorcyclist)


text:
English
member of parliament
baronet
Rossall School
Trinity College, Oxford
Frederick Brent Grotrian
Wetherby
Hessle
Conservative
Member of Parliament
Kingston upon Hull East
Kingston upon Hull South West
House of Commons
King's Counsel
High Sheriff of Bedfordshire
United University Club
baronet
Leighton Buzzard
County of Bedford
Bahamas
GROTRIAN, Sir Herbert Brent
Who Was Who 1951–1960

categories: High Sheriffs of Bedfordshire,1870 births,1951 deaths,UK MPs 1924–1929,People educated at Rossall School,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,Deputy Lieutenants of Hertfordshire,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies,Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford

paragraph: Herbert Grotrian

paragraph: Sir Herbert Brent Grotrian, 1st Baronet, (1870 – 28 October 1951) was an English member of parliament from 1924 to 1929 who was created a baronet in 1934.

paragraph: Educated at Rossall School and Trinity College, Oxford, Grotrian was the second son of Frederick Brent Grotrian of Ingmanthorpe Hall, Wetherby, and of West Hill House, Hessle, near Hull, Conservative Member of Parliament for Kingston upon Hull East from 1886 to 1892, and himself represented Kingston upon Hull South West in the House of Commons as a Conservative, 1924-1929.

paragraph: He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1925, was High Sheriff of Bedfordshire, 1931–32, and was a member of the United University Club. Grotrian was created a baronet 'of Leighton Buzzard in the County of Bedford' on 28 June 1934.

paragraph: In retirement, he lived in the Bahamas.

paragraph: Grotrian was succeeded in the title by his only surviving son, Sir Joseph Appelbe Brent Grotrian, 2nd Baronet (1904–1984). His other two sons were killed on active service.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "GROTRIAN, Sir Herbert Brent" in "Who Was Who 1897-2006" online, retrieved 1 March 2008 from GROTRIAN, Sir Herbert Brent (subscription required), also published in book form in "Who Was Who 1951–1960" (London, A. & C. Black, 1984 reprint, )

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Sir Herbert Brent Grotrian, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Herbert Grotrian


text:
Luzarches
Pontoise
cathedral of Notre Dame in Amiens
King Philip II
Notre Dame de Paris
Gothic
Viollet-le-Duc
Romanesque
cathedral of Reims
transept
Lady chapel

categories: 13th-century French architects,1260s births,Gothic architects

paragraph: Robert of Luzarches

paragraph: Robert of Luzarches (born in Luzarches near Pontoise towards the end of the twelfth century) was a 13th-century French architect who worked on the cathedral of Notre Dame in Amiens.

paragraph: He is said to have been summoned to Paris by King Philip II who employed him in beautifying the city, and to have had a share in the work on Notre Dame de Paris. The old Amiens cathedral was destroyed by fire in 1218 and Bishop Evrard de Fouilloy had it rebuilt in Gothic style. An inscription made in 1288 in the "labyrinth" of the floor (later removed) testified that the building had begun in 1220, and names "Robert, called of Luzarches", as the architect, and as his successors, Thomas de Cormont and the latter's son. The work was completed in later centuries. Viollet-le-Duc sees a fact of great significance in the employment of the layman, Robert; but it is not accurate that in Romanesque times the architects were always bishops, priests, or monks. Robert was not long employed on the cathedral.

paragraph: Under the successor of Bishop Evrard, who apparently died in 1222, Cormont appears as the architect. Before 1240 Bishop Bernard put a choir window in the provisionally completed cathedral. An intended alteration of the original plan was not used in the finished building. In his day it was called the "Gothic Parthenon". It is more spacious than Notre Dame in Paris and considerably larger than the cathedral of Reims. But Robert's creation became a standard, through France and beyond, on account of the successful manner in which weight and strength are counterbalanced and of the consistently Gothic style. The design presents a middle aisle and two side aisles, though the choir has five aisles and the transept has the width of seven aisles. The choir is flanked by seven chapels; that in the centre (the Lady chapel) projecting beyond the others in French style. The nave is about 470 ft. in length, 164 ft. in breadth (213 ft. in the transept), and 141 ft. in height.

description: French architect

wikidata_label: Robert of Luzarches

wikipedia_title: Robert of Luzarches


text: Geilo

text: black metal

text: Gorgoroth

text: Infernus

text: Destroyer

text: Incipit Satan

text: Nuclear Blast

text: Europe

text: South America

text: King ov Hell

text: Bergen

text: Norway

text: Gaahl

text: Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt

text: Orcustus

text: Southern Lord Records

text: side project

text: Desekrator

text: Old Funeral

text: Enslaved

text: bassist

text: Gaahlskagg

text: Norwegian Evil

text: Von

text: Darkthrone Holy Darkthrone

text: Tribute album

text: Darkthrone

text: Destroyer

text: Incipit Satan

text: Tribute album

text: Mayhem

text: Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt

text: Demo 2002

text: World Dirtnap

text: Wrathrash

text: Orcustus

text: Taake

text: Urgehal

text: Official Tormentor Myspace

text: Myspace

categories: Norwegian black metal musicians,Norwegian multi-instrumentalists,1972 births,Norwegian songwriters,Norwegian heavy metal guitarists,Living people

paragraph: Tormentor (musician)

paragraph: Bjørn Olav Telnes (* 05.06.1972 in Geilo) is a black metal musician who is best known for his work as guitarist with the Norwegian black metal band Gorgoroth.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Tormentor joined Infernus in Gorgoroth in 1996, and participated as guitarist and songwriter on the two Gorgoroth albums "Destroyer" (1998) and "Incipit Satan" (2000), both albums released by Nuclear Blast. He toured with Gorgoroth both in Europe and South America. He left the band in 2002 due to no longer being able to cooperate with bassist King ov Hell, but returned for a one-off concert in Bergen, Norway, in 2003. In late 2007, after internal conflicts in Gorgoroth resulted in the departure of King and vocalist Gaahl, Infernus announced that Tormentor would assist him in the pre-production of the next Gorgoroth album, "Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt". In September 2008, Tormentor officially rejoined Gorgoroth.

paragraph: In addition to his work with Gorgoroth, in 2002 Tormentor was one of the founding members of Orcustus, together with Taipan, Infernus, and Dirge Rep. After releasing a demo and two 7" vinyl singles, Orcustus' debut full-length album was released in 2009 by Southern Lord Records.

paragraph: Tormentor also participated on the album "Metal for Demons" (1998) by the thrash metal side project Desekrator, featuring members of Gorgoroth, Old Funeral and Enslaved. He has also appeared as bassist on releases by Gaahlskagg, and together with Infernus (as Norwegian Evil) he covered Von's "Satanic Blood" on a 2005 tribute double 7".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Gorgoroth.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Darkthrone Holy Darkthrone" (Tribute album to Darkthrone) (Song: "Slottet i det fjerne") (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Destroyer" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Incipit Satan" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Originators of the Northern Darkness - A Tribute to Mayhem" (Tribute album to Mayhem) (Song: "Life Eternal") (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt" (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Orcustus.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Demo 2002" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "World Dirtnap" 7" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wrathrash" 7" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Orcustus" (2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Desekrator.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Demo" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metal for Demons" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hot in the City/Overdose/Take Us to the Pub" (3 x 7" picture vinyl) (1999)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Gaahlskagg.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Erotic Funeral Party I" (Split with Stormfront) (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Erotic Funeral" (2000)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Norwegian Evil.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Norwegian Hail to VON" - gatefold double 7" with Amok, Taake and Urgehal) (2005)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Tormentor Myspace on Myspace

description: Norwegian musician

wikidata_label: Tormentor

wikipedia_title: Tormentor (musician)


text:
photographer
track and field athlete
1912 Summer Olympics
Frederiksberg
Havdrup
Solrød municipality
10 kilometre walk event
Norwegian photography
Olympic profile
bio
Fotohistorie profile

categories: Danish photographers,People from Frederiksberg,Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics,1889 births,Danish male racewalkers,Olympic athletes of Denmark,1983 deaths

paragraph: Aage Rasmussen

paragraph: Aage Rasmussen (later Remfeldt; 4 September 1889 – 29 November 1983) was a Danish photographer and track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born in Frederiksberg and died in Havdrup, Solrød municipality.

paragraph: In 1912 he finished fourth in the 10 kilometre walk event.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Norwegian photography

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olympic profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fotohistorie profile

description: Danish racewalker and photographer

wikidata_label: Aage Rasmussen

wikipedia_title: Aage Rasmussen


text: Nijō Michihira

text: kugyō

text: waka

text: poet

text: renga

text: Nanboku-chō period

text: Nijō Moroyoshi

text: Nijō Morotsugu

text: Ichijō Tsunetsugu

text: kampaku

text: sesshō

text: Eitoku

text: Daijō Daijin

text: Kakei

text: Nijō Morotsugu

text: kampaku

text: Ton'a

text: Gusai

text: Kyūsei

text: Masukagami

text: Northern Court

text: Miner

text: Princeton University Press

text: Harvard University Press

text: OCLC 48943301

text: Titsingh

text: Hayashi Gahō

text: Nipon o daï itsi ran

text: Annales des empereurs du Japon."

text: OCLC 84067437

categories: 1320 births,Fujiwara clan,Nijō family,People of Nanboku-chō-period Japan,People of Kamakura-period Japan,1388 deaths

paragraph: Nijō Yoshimoto

paragraph: , son of regent Nijō Michihira, was a Japanese "kugyō" (court noble), waka poet, and renga master of the early Nanboku-chō period (1336–1392).

paragraph: Yoshimoto's wife gave birth to Nijō Moroyoshi. With another woman, he had sons Nijō Morotsugu and Ichijō Tsunetsugu.

paragraph: Section::::Career as government official.

paragraph: Yoshimoto held the regent position of kampaku three times (from 1346 to 1347, from 1363 to 1367, and in 1388), and that of sesshō twice (from 1382 to 1388, and in 1388).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1381 ("Eitoku 1, 7th month"): Yoshimoto is made "Daijō Daijin."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1387 ("Kakei 1, 1st month"): Yoshimoto is deprived of his position as "daijō daijin."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1388 ("Kakei 2, 6th month"): Yoshitomo dies at age 69; and his son Nijō Morotsugu succeeds him with the title of "kampaku."

paragraph: Section::::Scholar-poet.

paragraph: Yoshimoto learned waka from Ton'a and renga from Gusai and Kyūsei. He regarded himself primarily as a waka poet; he authored several treatises on the subject. It is for "renga" that he is best known. By the age of thirty, he was regarded as an authority on the subject. He authored a number of books including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- , a text on renga poetics

paragraph: BULLET::::- , the first edited collection of renga

paragraph: BULLET::::- , general discourse on renga in question-answer style

paragraph: BULLET::::- , a discussion of renga style; co-authored with Ton'a

paragraph: BULLET::::- , a text on renga rules

paragraph: BULLET::::- , a treatise on waka poetics

paragraph: Section::::Scholar-poet.:Historian.

paragraph: The author of "Masukagami" is unknown, but it is believed that Nijō Yoshimoto had a hand in its writing. The book is a Japanese historical tale describing events understood to have occurred between 1368 and 1376.

paragraph: His diary, "Kuchi-ura", "gives considerable detail" of the Northern Court.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miner, Earl Roy. (1980). "Japanese Linked Poetry: an Account with Translations of Renga and Haikai Sequences." Princeton: Princeton University Press. ;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 48943301

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], "Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 84067437

alias:
Nijo Yoshimoto
Nijou Yoshimoto

description: Japanese noble

wikidata_label: Nijō Yoshimoto

wikipedia_title: Nijō Yoshimoto


text: Bagrationi Dynasty

text: King of Imereti

text: Georgia

text: George VII of Imereti

text: Princess Rodam of Kartli

text: Vakhtang VI of Kartli

text: Istanbul

text: Ottoman

text: Gurieli

text: George VIII Gurieli

text: Bezhan Dadiani

text: Prince of Mingrelia

text: Otia

text: Persian

text: Russian Empire

text: St. Petersburg

text: Treaty of Belgrade

text: George IX

text: Nadir Shah

text: Mamuka

text: Bezhan Dadiani

text: Prince of Mingrelia

text: Levan Abashidze

text: Tsereteli

text: Mamia IV Gurieli

text: Solomon I

text: Prince Ioseb

text: Catholicos of Abkhazia

text: Prince Bagrat

text: David

text: Prince Archil

text: Solomon II of Imereti

text: David Marshall Lang

text: New York

text: Columbia University Press

categories: 18th-century people from Georgia (country),1703 births,1752 deaths,Kings of Imereti,Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Imereti

paragraph: Alexander V of Imereti

paragraph: Alexander V of Imereti () (c. 1703/4 – March 1752), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was King of Imereti (western Georgia) from 1720 his death in 1752, with the exceptions of the periods of 1741 and 1746–1749.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: The eldest son of George VII of Imereti and Princess Rodam of Kartli, Alexander was brought up at the court of Vakhtang VI of Kartli and enjoyed his support in the power struggle in Imereti. He visited Istanbul in the 1710s in order to seek Ottoman aid against the Gurieli usurpers of the crown of Imereti. In August 1719, he returned with a detachment of Turkish auxiliaries, deposed George VIII Gurieli in June 1720, and was crowned king of Imereti. However, from 1721 to 1728, the government was effectively run by Bezhan Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia. When Alexander assumed full ruling powers, Bezhan's son and successor Otia defied him and his pro-Turkish policy, and attempted to remove Alexander from the throne. Alexander managed to force him into submission in 1732 and brought, for the time being, a feudal anarchy to an end.

paragraph: In the early 1730s, the king effectively withdrew his loyalty from the Ottomans, refused to accept the Persian suzerainty and attempted to make an alliance with the Russian Empire. In 1738, he sent Bishop Timothy Gabashvili to St. Petersburg with a plan of joint actions against the Ottomans. However, the 1739 Russo-Turkish Treaty of Belgrade rendered the mission abortive. Indignant at his diplomacy in Russia, the Ottomans sponsored a coup that deposed Alexander in favor of his brother George IX. The Persian ruler Nadir Shah quickly took Alexander's side and protested to the Ottoman government. In 1742, Alexander was restored, but faced a revolt, in 1746, by his brother Mamuka who ruled as a rival king in parts of Imereti until the fratricide war ended in Alexander's victory in 1749. Yet, the general instability and occasional outbreaks of aristocratic disobedience continued to trouble the rest of Alexander's reign.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Alexander was married twice. He married firstly, in 1721, Mariam (died 1731), daughter of Bezhan Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, and secondly, in 1732, Tamar (died 1772), daughter of Prince Levan Abashidze. Alexander had six sons and two daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Khoreshan, born of Alexander's union with Mariam Dadiani. She was married to Prince Nikoloz Tsereteli (1722–1772)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Narin-David (c. 1727–1749), born by Mariam Dadiani.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Rodam (died 1770), born by Mariam Dadiani, who married, in 1732, Prince Mamia IV Gurieli (died 1784).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Solomon I (1735 – 23 April 1784), born of Alexander's union with Tamar Abashidze, King of Imereti (1752–1766, 1768–1784).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Ioseb (1739–1776), born by Tamar Abashidze, Catholicos of Abkhazia (1769–1776).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Bagrat (1741–1800), born by Tamar Abashidze. Bagrat's progeny, through his son David, is the longest surviving line directly descending from the kings of Imereti.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Archil (died 1775), born by Tamar Abashidze. He was father of Solomon II of Imereti, the last king of Imereti.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Giorgi (fl. 1748).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Вахушти Багратиони (Vakhushti Bagrationi) (1745). История Царства Грузинского: Жизнь Имерети.

paragraph: BULLET::::- David Marshall Lang, "The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy, 1658-1832". New York: Columbia University Press, 1957.

description: King of Imereti

wikidata_label: Alexander V of Imereti

wikipedia_title: Alexander V of Imereti


text:
Nijō Haruyoshi
kugyō
Azuchi–Momoyama period
Edo period
kanpaku
daimyō
Oda Nobunaga
Kujō Yukiie
Nijō Yasumichi

categories: Fujiwara clan,1556 births,Nijō family,1619 deaths

paragraph: Nijō Akizane

paragraph: , son of regent Nijō Haruyoshi, was a Japanese "kugyō" (court noble) of the Azuchi–Momoyama period and the early Edo period. He held the regent position of "kanpaku" two times: once in 1585, and again from 1615 to 1619. He married a daughter of "daimyō" Oda Nobunaga and the couple adopted Kujō Yukiie's son, who became known as Nijō Yasumichi.

alias:
Nijo Akizane
Nijou Akizane

description: Japanese noble

wikidata_label: Nijō Akizane

wikipedia_title: Nijō Akizane


text:
Nijō Tsunahira
kugyō
Edo period
kampaku
Kaga Domain
Maeda Tsunanori
Nijō Munehira
Emperor Sakuramachi

categories: Fujiwara clan,1737 deaths,Nijō family,1689 births

paragraph: Nijō Yoshitada

paragraph: , son of regent Nijō Tsunahira, was a Japanese "kugyō" (court noble) of the Edo period. He held a regent position kampaku from 1736 to 1737. He married a daughter of the fourth head of Kaga Domain Maeda Tsunanori. Nijō Munehira was his son. Also, one of his daughters was a consort of Emperor Sakuramachi.

alias:
Nijo Yoshitada
Nijou Yoshitada

description: Japanese noble

wikidata_label: Nijō Yoshitada

wikipedia_title: Nijō Yoshitada


text: Bagrationi Dynasty

text: King of Imereti

text: George VII of Imereti

text: Mamia III Gurieli

text: Alexander V

text: Ottoman

text: Mingrelia

text: Solomon I

text: Rostom, Duke of Racha

text: fl.

text: Tsereteli

text: David II

text: Вахушти Багратиони (Vakhushti Bagrationi)

text: История Царства Грузинского: Жизнь Имерети

text: David Marshall Lang

text: New York

text: Columbia University Press

categories: 18th-century people from Georgia (country),Kings of Imereti,Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Imereti,Eastern Orthodox monarchs,1778 deaths,1718 births

paragraph: George IX of Imereti

paragraph: George IX (; sometimes known as George VII) (1718–1778), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was King of Imereti in 1741. The third son of George VII of Imereti by his wife Tamar (daughter of Mamia III Gurieli), he was enthroned after his brother Alexander V was ousted in the Ottoman-sponsored coup. Later that year, he was rescinded and Alexander regained the crown. George went into exile to his father-in-law George Lipartiani in Mingrelia, but was allowed to return to Imereti during the reign of his nephew, Solomon I.

paragraph: George IX was married to Mzekhatun, daughter of Prince Giorgi Lipartiani. They had two sons and three daughters:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Elene (1745–1810), who was married to Giorgi (died 1787), son of Rostom, Duke of Racha.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prince Rostom (fl. 1746)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Mzekhatun (1748–1810), who was married to Prince Papuna Tsereteli (died 1790).

paragraph: BULLET::::- David II (1755–1795), King of Imereti (1784–1789).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Princess Darejan (1757–1810), who was married to Prince Simon Abashidze (died c. 1790).

paragraph: Section::::References.

alias:
George VII of Imereti
George 09 Of Imereti

description: King of Imereti

wikidata_label: George IX of Imereti

wikipedia_title: George IX of Imereti


text:
Top Secret
Nobuteru Taniguchi
Toyota Altezza
Odaiba
Irwindale
Top Secret
Fairlady Z Z33
RB26
Silverstone
Youichi Imamura
A'PEXi
Formula D
Bergenholtz Racing
Official site
Yahoo! Blog
D1 Supporter profile
Formula D profile

categories: Drifting drivers,1975 births,D1 Grand Prix drivers,Living people,Japanese racing drivers

paragraph: Ryuji Miki

paragraph: Ryuji Miki started in the series in his own S14 Silvia, before switching to the Top Secret modified S15 for the season. During the season, partway through the season when Nobuteru Taniguchi switched to the Toyota Altezza, leading to a sudden change of fortune, as many felt that Miki was fortunate as he also managed to get score his sole win at Odaiba, allowing Miki to finish the season with the title that year, beating Taniguchi by 28pts, currently the widest margin of the series.

paragraph: For the season, following the opening Irwindale round, Miki switched to a Top Secret modified Fairlady Z Z33 powered by a RB26. He was unable to follow on his successes of the previous season as he only managed to scrape 16 pts. Much of it was, at the time, the Z33 was still in development to be fully competitive in drifting, due to its weight, one of its reason why it befell many of its drivers.

paragraph: His last win was at the Silverstone exhibition event in his old S15, that year was to be his last season in the series. For the season, rival Youichi Imamura's team and title sponsor, A'PEXi withdrew from the series due to a redirection in the company's business strategies, leading him to take over Miki's Z33. As of 2007, incidentally, Miki would compete in Formula D driving with Imamura's previous D1 sponsor, APEX'i (partnering with Bergenholtz Racing) and driving a white FD3S.

paragraph: Throughout the 2007 season, in light of issues he faced with adapting to driving a left hand drive car for the first time, not to mention within a full season of racing, Ryuji managed to finish the Formula D season impressively. Reaching the rank of top 16 within 4 events, Ryuji finally adapted to the car within the 6th and 7th rounds finishing 14th overall for the season. Continuing on in 2008 with major backing by Bergenholtz Racing, Nitto Tires, and MAZDA, Ryuji Miki will continue to pilot the APEX RX-7 with plans to potentially unveil a new car for 2009. According to Keith Covey and Chuck Griffice of APEX Integration's R&D department, the new setup on the 2008 car has been completely redone and Ryuji will be adapting to what essentially amounts to a new car.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yahoo! Blog

paragraph: BULLET::::- D1 Supporter profile

paragraph: BULLET::::- Formula D profile

description: Japanese racing driver

wikidata_label: Ryuji Miki

wikipedia_title: Ryuji Miki


text:
dramatist
politician
French
Greek
André Chénier
Constantinople
Carcassonne
Collège de Navarre
comedy
censorship
François Joseph Talma
Charles IX of France
Camille Desmoulins
French Revolution
Comédie-Française
Palais Royal
Henri VIII
Jean Calas
hemistich
Etienne Méhul
Reign of Terror
fratricide
National Convention
Louis XVI
public safety
Council of Five Hundred
tribunat
Seine
département
Napoleon Bonaparte
Voltaire
hymn
Chant du départ
Sophocles
Lessing
Thomas Gray
Horace
Tacitus
Aristotle
Ossian
Camille Desmoulins
Melpomene

categories: 19th-century French poets,19th-century French dramatists and playwrights,Members of the Council of Five Hundred,University of Paris alumni,18th-century French writers,Regicides of Louis XVI,18th-century male writers,1811 deaths,Presidents of the National Convention,18th-century French dramatists and playwrights,Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery,1764 births,People from Istanbul,Members of the Académie française,18th-century French poets,French people of Greek descent

paragraph: Marie-Joseph Chénier

paragraph: Marie-Joseph Blaise de Chénier (11 February 1764 – 10 January 1811) was a French poet, dramatist and politician of French and Greek origin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: The younger brother of André Chénier, Joseph Chénier was born at Constantinople, but brought up at Carcassonne. He was educated in Paris at the Collège de Navarre. Entering the army at seventeen, he left it two years afterwards; and at nineteen he produced "Azémire", a two-act drama (acted in 1786), and "Edgar, ou le page supposé", a comedy (acted in 1785), which both failed. His "Charles IX" was kept back for nearly two years by the censor. Chénier attacked the censorship in three pamphlets, and the commotion aroused by the controversy raised keen interest in the piece. When it was at last produced on 4 November 1789 it was an immense success, due in part to its political suggestion, and in part to François Joseph Talma's magnificent portrayal of King Charles IX of France.

paragraph: Camille Desmoulins said that the piece had done more for the French Revolution than the days of October, and a contemporary memoir-writer, the marquis de Ferrire, says that the audience came away "ivre de vengeance et du tourment d'un soir de sang" ("drunk with the vengeance and torment of an evening of blood"). The performance was the occasion of a split among the actors of the Comédie-Française, and the new theatre in the Palais Royal, established by the dissidents, was inaugurated with "Henri VIII" (1791), generally recognized as Chénier's masterpiece; "Jean Calas, ou l'école des juges" ("Jean Calas, or the judges' school") followed in the same year.

paragraph: In 1792 he produced his "Caïus Gracchus", which was even more revolutionary in tone than its predecessors. It was nevertheless proscribed in the next year at the instance of the Montagnard deputy Albitte, for the anti-anarchical hemistich "Des lois et non du sang" ("Laws, and not blood"); "Fénelon" (1793) was suspended after a few representations; and in 1794 "Timoléon", set to Etienne Méhul's music, was also proscribed. This piece was played after the Reign of Terror, but the fratricide of "Timoléon" became the text for insinuations to the effect that by his silence Joseph Chénier had connived at the judicial murder of his brother, André, whom Joseph's enemies alluded to as Abel.

paragraph: In fact, after some fruitless attempts to save his brother, variously related by his biographers, Joseph became aware that André's only chance of safety lay in being forgotten by the authorities, and that ill-advised intervention would only hasten the end. Joseph Chénier had been a member of the National Convention and had voted for the death of Louis XVI; he belonged to the committees of general security, and of public safety. He was, nevertheless, suspected of moderate sentiments, and before the end of the Terror had become a marked man.

paragraph: He had a seat in the Council of Five Hundred, and the tribunat. In 1801 he was one of the educational jury for the Seine "département". His political career ended in 1802, when he was eliminated with others from the tribunate for his opposition to Napoleon Bonaparte. From 1803 to 1806 he was inspector-general of public instruction. He had allowed himself to be reconciled with Napoleon's government, and "Cyrus", represented in 1804, was written in his honour, but he was temporarily disgraced in 1806 for his "Épître à Voltaire". In 1806 and 1807 he delivered a course of lectures at the Athéne on the language and literature of France from the earliest years; and in 1808 at the emperor's request, he prepared his "Tableau historique de l'état et du progrés de la littérature française depuis 1789 jusqu'à 1808" ("Historical view of the state and progress of French literature from 1789 to 1808"), a book containing some good criticism, though marred by the violent prejudices of its author.

paragraph: The list of his works includes hymns and national songs among others, the famous "Chant du départ"; odes, "Sur la mort de Mirabeau", "Sur l'oligarchie de Robespierre", etc.; tragedies which never reached the stage, "Brutus et Cassius", "Philippe deux", "Tibre"; translations from Sophocles and Lessing, from Thomas Gray and Horace, from Tacitus and Aristotle; with elegies, dithyrambics and Ossianic rhapsodies. As a satirist he possessed great merit, though he sins from an excess of severity, and is sometimes malignant and unjust. He is the chief tragic poet of the revolutionary period, and as Camille Desmoulins expressed it, he decorated Melpomene with the tricolour cockade.

description: French poet, dramatist and politician

wikidata_label: Marie-Joseph Chénier

wikipedia_title: Marie-Joseph Chénier


text:
Renaissance
Mannerist
painter
School of Ferrara
Lendinara
Camillo Filippi
Dosso Dossi
Cesare Filippi
Il Garofalo
Girolamo da Carpi
Michelangelo
Alfonso I d'Este
Alfonso II
Vigarano
Castello Estense
Leonardo Brescia
San Agostino
Andrea del Sarto
Certosa
Massa Lombarda
Rovigo
Last Judgment
Michelangelo
apse
Ferrara Cathedral
Scarsellino
Bartolomeo Faccini
Girolamo da Carpi
Magazine Article

categories: Mannerist painters,Italian male painters,17th-century Italian painters,16th-century Italian painters,1602 deaths,People from the Province of Rovigo,Ferrarese painters,1530s births

paragraph: Sebastiano Filippi

paragraph: Sebastiano Filippi (or Bastianino; ca. 1536 – 23 August 1602) was an Italian late Renaissance - Mannerist painter of the School of Ferrara.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Lendinara to a painter, Camillo Filippi, who had worked under Dosso Dossi.

paragraph: He initially likely apprenticed with his father and brother (Cesare Filippi), and is thought to have worked with them when they painted a processional standard "Gonfalone" for the "Oratorio dell'Annunziata" in Ferrara. He left Ferrara, dominated by the likes of Dosso Dossi, Il Garofalo, and Girolamo da Carpi, as a young man to find work in Rome.

paragraph: In Rome, he is said to have been recommended by Jacopo Bonacossi, the Ferrarese doctor of the Pope, to enter training with Michelangelo. He worked for seven years under the master in Rome, then returned to Ferrara in 1553, where he enjoyed the general patronage of the arts by Duke Alfonso I d'Este and subsequently his son Alfonso II.

paragraph: He painted a "Madonna with Peter and Paul" for the church of Vigarano. In the Castello Estense, along with his father and brother he frescoed somewhat whimsical depictions of games in the "Salone dei Giochi""Saletta dei Giochi", and "Sala dell'Aurora". He is said to have collaborated with Leonardo Brescia in this assignment. He painted a "Circumcision" and an "Annunciation" for the church of San Agostino, Ferrara.

paragraph: His 1565 painting, "Birth of the Virgin", recalls the canvas of Andrea del Sarto. He painted large altarpieces for the Certosa of Ferrara, "Vision of Saint Paul" for Massa Lombarda, and "Madonna and Child with Saints and Patrons" in Rovigo in 1565. He painted a fresco of "Last Judgment", highly imitative of Michelangelo, for both the carthusian church St. Christophorus (1578) and for the apse roof of Ferrara Cathedral (1577–1581).

paragraph: He is said to have become blind late in life. His local prominence by then was shared with the painter Scarsellino. The painter Bartolomeo Faccini is said to have been his pupil in Ferrara, though others assign him as a pupil of Girolamo da Carpi.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magazine Article

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: Census of Ferrarese Paintings and Drawings .

alias:
Bastianino
Sebastiano, called Bastianino Filippi
Il Bastianino
Sebastiano Bastianino
Sebastiano Filippi called Bastianino
Sebastiano Filippi II
Sebastiano, II Filippi
Bastiano di Castel franco
Batistino da Castelfranco
Sebastiano  Filippi (il Giovane)
Il Gradella

description: Italian painter

wikidata_label: Sebastiano Filippi

wikipedia_title: Sebastiano Filippi