text:
Baron Ellenborough
House of Lords
County Carlow
Wellington School, Somerset
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Edward Law, 5th Baron Ellenborough
54th Regiment of Foot
Dorsetshire Regiment
lieutenant
Second Anglo-Afghan War
captain
major
lieutenant-colonel
Second Boer War
South Africa
Relief of Ladysmith
Laing's Nek
the Tugela Heights
mentioned in despatches
Queen's Medal
King's Medal
Order of the Bath
Edward VII
Buckingham Palace
Southampton
half-pay
colonel
Dorset County Hospital
John Harvey Astell
Henry Law, 7th Baron Ellenborough
CB

categories: Members of the British House of Lords,British Army personnel of the Second Boer War,54th Regiment of Foot officers,Companions of the Order of the Bath,1931 deaths,British people of the Second Anglo-Afghan War,1849 births,Deputy Lieutenants of Dorset,Barons Ellenborough

paragraph: Cecil Law, 6th Baron Ellenborough

paragraph: Colonel Cecil Henry Law, 6th Baron Ellenborough, (23 November 1849 – 22 January 1931), was a British Army officer and a member of the House of Lords.

paragraph: Section::::Baron Ellenborough.

paragraph: Cecil Henry Law was the third son of Henry Spencer Law and Dorothea (daughter of Colonel J. S. Rochfort of Clogrenane, County Carlow). Law was educated at Wellington School, Somerset, and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, and passed out into the Army in 1869. He succeeded to the peerage on the death of his brother, Edward Law, 5th Baron Ellenborough, in 1915. He was introduced to the House of Lords on 15 February 1916, immediately after that year's King's Speech.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Law was commissioned as an officer into the 54th Regiment of Foot (from 1881 The Dorsetshire Regiment) in July 1869, was promoted to lieutenant on 28 October 1871, and served in the Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878–1880. Promoted to captain on 24 January 1883, to major on 21 June 1890, and to lieutenant-colonel on 19 November 1897, he commanded the 2nd battalion Dorsetshire Regiment during the Second Boer War in South Africa from 1900 to 1902 where he was present during the Relief of Ladysmith, and the battles of Laing's Nek and the Tugela Heights. For his services in the war, he was mentioned in despatches three times, received the Queen's Medal with five clasps and the King's Medal with two clasps, and was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the April 1901 South Africa Honours list (the award was dated to 29 November 1900; he only received the actual decoration from King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 24 October 1902). After the end of the war in June 1902, he returned to the United Kingdom in the , which arrived at Southampton the following month. Law was placed on half-pay in August 1902, and retired with the rank of colonel in 1906.

paragraph: Section::::Family and later life.

paragraph: After his retirement from the British Army, Lord Ellenborough took an active interest in local philanthropic and patriotic institutions. He was for many years Chairman of Dorset County Hospital and President of the Dorset Territorial Army Association. Cecil Henry Law married Alice Caroline Astell in 1884, who died in 1916 (daughter of Mr John Harvey Astell of Woodbury Hall, Bedfordshire). On his death in 1931, he was succeeded by his son: Henry Law, 7th Baron Ellenborough.

paragraph: Section::::Styles of address.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1849–1900: Mr Cecil Henry Law

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1900–1902: Mr Cecil Henry Law, CB

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1902–1915: "The Honourable" Cecil Henry Law, CB

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1915–1931: "The Right Honourable" The Lord Ellenborough, CB

wikidata_label: Cecil Henry Law, 6th Baron Ellenborough

wikipedia_title: Cecil Law, 6th Baron Ellenborough


text:
Croatia
Split
Split
Jewish
née
Maribor
Ger.
Slovenia
Trieste
Italy
interlibrary loan
People's Party
Narodni list
Antonio Bajamonti
Autonomist Party
Diet of Dalmatia
Kingdom of Dalmatia
distillery
Emil Stock
Party of Rights
Rovinj
Marjan hill

categories: Austro-Hungarian Jews,People's Party (Dalmatia) politicians,Croatian Jews,Croatian bankers,Croatian Austro-Hungarians,1838 births,Croatian people of German-Jewish descent,1911 deaths,People from Split, Croatia,Croatian businesspeople,People from the Kingdom of Dalmatia

paragraph: Vid Morpurgo

paragraph: Vid Morpurgo (1838–1911) was a Croatian industrialist, publisher, politician and member of a notable Split family Morpurgo.

paragraph: Section::::Early years and family.

paragraph: Morpurgo was born on 7 May 1838 in Split, Croatia to a well-known Jewish family of David-Elija and Anetta (née Gentili) Morpurgo. His great-great-grandfather David-Vita moved to Split in 1774 from Maribor (Ger.: Marburg), Slovenia. He chose his surname "Morpurgo" from the Italian version of the German "Marburger" (i.e. someone from Marburg). From 1846 to 1849 Morpurgo attended and finished elementary school in Split. Later he attended the Royal grammar school in Split from which he graduated in 1856.

paragraph: Section::::Political and business career.

paragraph: After completing his education, Morpurgo was employed at the library which was co-owned by his father and his business partner Petar Savo. There Morpurgo developed bookseller activity enabling him partnership with numerous foreign publishing houses. In 1855 he traveled to Trieste, Italy to sign contracts with booksellers and publishers. In 1860 Morpurgo founded his own bookstore "Libreria Morpurgo succ. Savo" by buying out Savo's shares. In 1861 he started the first interlibrary loan in Split. In 1862 bookstore was renamed to "Libreria Morpurgo". In 1859 Morpurgo published the "Annuario Dalmatico" ("Dalmatian Yearly") and in 1861 he published the second volume which in contrast to the first volume discussed the political problems in the country. During 1861 out of ten political publications released in Split, five were published by Morpurgo. During that time he also published the variety of commemorative books and brochures.

paragraph: Morpurgo's bookstore, from the very beginning of its activity, was the headquarters of the People's Party, where young intellectuals, inspired by the ideas of the "Hrvatski narodni preporod" ("Croatian national revival"), held their meetings. Morpurgo was an informal organizer and adviser of the People's Party. Morpurgo was involved in starting the independent Croatian weekly newspaper "Narodni list" ("People's paper"). He took upon himself the administration and management of the newspaper, and also wrote the articles, mainly against the mayor Antonio Bajamonti Autonomist Party policies. Morpurgo was often targeted by the Autonomist Party supporters who repeatedly physically attacked him in the street (in July 1867, July 1868 and during the summer 1870). In 1870 Morpurgo was elected representative of the People's Party in the Diet of Dalmatia, assembly of the Kingdom of Dalmatia.

paragraph: In 1875, Morpurgo founded the first steam brick factory in Split. At home and abroad he was known for his alcoholic beverages company "Morpurgo", largest distillery in Dalmatia. In 1905 Morpurgo merged with Emil Stock to found the alcoholic beverages company "Morpurgo, Stock e Comp." New company got the franchise to build the new liquor factory near Split (today part of Split). Factory concession was challenged by the municipal prefect Vicko Mihaljević due to environmental issues. Some attributed this problem to the political conflict (Mihaljević was member of the Party of Rights) between Morpurgo and municipal authorities. Due to the disappointment of failing to get the concession, Morpurgo and Stock built the factory in Rovinj, Croatia.

paragraph: Morpurgo was also the elected vice president of the "Split Trade Chamber" and later its president. In 1870 Morpurgo co-founded the "Prva pučka dalmatinska banka" ("First people's Dalmatian bank") in order to help Dalmatian farmers regain material independence from the mostly autonomist (members of the Autonomist Party) landowners, small capitalists and usurers who were lending money to farmers and during elections forced them to vote for the Autonomist Party. The bank initially operated in the Morpurgo's bookstore, as he was the first vice-president and later a president.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Morpurgo died on 31 January 1911 in Split. He was buried at the Marjan hill Jewish cemetery.

paragraph: Today many historians agree that Morpurgo's political ideas were aimed at the awakening of Croatian national consciousness, improving the economy of Dalmatia, education and cultural upliftment of its citizens. As a trader, bookseller, banker, publisher and columnist, Morpurgo dedicated his life to the People's Party goals.

description: Industrialist, businessman, publisher

wikidata_label: Vid Morpurgo

wikipedia_title: Vid Morpurgo


text:
Prawdzic Coat of Arms
bishop of Płock
Poland
AD
Płock
pope
Urban V

categories: Clan of Prawdzic,Bishops of Płock,1375 deaths,Year of birth unknown,Polish nobility,14th-century Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Stanisław Sówka z Gulczewa

paragraph: Stanisław Sówka z Gulczewa (of Prawdzic Coat of Arms), was fourteenth century bishop of Płock in Poland who held office from 1367 to 1375 AD.

paragraph: He came from Gulczewa near Płock and with his brother Mikołaj worked in the office of the king. Mikołaj was appointed a bishop by pope Urban V a position he filled for 12 years. Following his death Stanislaw was appointed to replace his brother. Stanislaw was in turn succeeded by another brother, Dobiesław Sówka Z Gulczewa who was bishop from 5 July 1375 to the 12th of January 1381.

description: Polish bishop

wikidata_label: Stanisław Sówka z Gulczewa

wikipedia_title: Stanisław Sówka z Gulczewa


text:
speed skater
1968
1972 Winter Olympics
1968 World Allround Championships
Øyvind

categories: Speed skaters at the 1968 Winter Olympics,Olympic speed skaters of Norway,Speed skaters at the 1972 Winter Olympics,1944 births,Norwegian male speed skaters,Living people

paragraph: Bjørn Tveter

paragraph: Bjørn Tveter (born 13 June 1944) is a former Norwegian speed skater. He competed in the 1500 m event at the 1968 and 1972 Winter Olympics and finished fifth and fourth, respectively. He won a bronze medal over this distance at the 1968 World Allround Championships, placing seventh overall.

paragraph: In 1973, Tveter joined the professional skating league, and in 1974 he won gold medals at the Professional European Allround Championships. The professional league was dissolved in 1974.

paragraph: Tveter's younger brother Øyvind was also an Olympic speed skater.

description: Norwegian speed skater

wikidata_label: Bjørn Tveter

wikipedia_title: Bjørn Tveter


text: speed skater

text: 1968 Winter Olympics

categories: Norwegian female speed skaters,1942 births,World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists,Speed skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics,Speed skaters at the 1972 Winter Olympics,Olympic speed skaters of Norway,1977 deaths,Speed skaters at the 1968 Winter Olympics

paragraph: Sigrid Sundby

paragraph: Sigrid Sundby (13 July 1942 – 24 July 1977) was a Norwegian speed skater who competed internationally in the 1960s and 1970s.

paragraph: She competed at the Winter Olympics in 1968, 1972 and 1976. Her best Olympic results were 4th in the "1500 metres", 6th in "500 metres", and 6th in "1000 metres" at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble. She received a bronze medal at the World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Women in 1970.

paragraph: Sundby dominated women's skating nationally for about a decade, winning the Norwegian allround championships in 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 and 1973.

alias:
Sigrid Dybedahl
Sigrid Sundby Dybedahl
Sigrid Milfrid Sundby
Sigrid Milfrid Dybedahl

description: Norwegian speed skater

wikidata_label: Sigrid Sundby

wikipedia_title: Sigrid Sundby


text:
commercial photographer
Baltimore
Maryland
Bachrach, Inc.
Soldiers' National Cemetery
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Baden-Württemberg
Germany
Roland Park
Baltimore
Baltimore Hebrew Cemetery
Gertrude Stein
His home in Baltimore
National Register of Historic Places
Louis Fabian Bachrach Jr.
Louis Fabian Bachrach website

categories: 1845 births,American photographers,1921 deaths,Portrait photographers,American people of German-Jewish descent,Commercial photographers,German emigrants to the United States

paragraph: David Bachrach

paragraph: David Bachrach, Jr. (1845–1921) was an American commercial photographer based in Baltimore, Maryland. He made contributions to the technical, artistic, and professional advancements in the field as well as being the founder of a photographic dynasty that became a unique institution in the United States. He became the spokesman for photographers at the turn of the 20th century who were confronted with a welter of technical and artistic choices. He regularly published in the leading photographic journals of the time and experimented with self-toning papers. He developed the first practical process for photographic printing on canvas, and a forerunner of the present-day photoengraving system. Bachrach, Inc., which was founded in 1910 and is still headed by the Bachrach family, had studios in all the major east coast cities. The Bachrachs, beginning with David, established the idea of "official portraiture," becoming the leading portrait photographers in the United States well into the 1960s.

paragraph: One of his earliest photographs is of the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania in 1863, when he was 18 years old.

paragraph: David Bachrach was born in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on July 16, 1845, to a Jewish family. He died on December 10, 1921, in Roland Park, Baltimore, and his ashes were interred in the family vault at Baltimore Hebrew Cemetery. He was an uncle of Gertrude Stein.

paragraph: His home in Baltimore was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Fabian Bachrach Jr.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Louis Fabian Bachrach website

description: American photographer

wikidata_label: David Bachrach

wikipedia_title: David Bachrach


text: Polish American

text: nutritionist

text: Warsaw

text: Poland

text: United States

text: Chicago

text: University of Krakow

text: Sir William Arbuthnot-Lane

text: Beverly Hills

text: World War II

text: Detroit

text: Michigan

text: diets

text: Zsa Zsa Gabor

text: Eva Gabor

text: Gloria Swanson

text: Raquel Welch

text: low-carbohydrate

text: high-protein diet

text: starch

text: potato

text: white flour

text: white sugar

text: red meat

text: fish

text: egg

text: vegetable

text: liver

text: brewer's yeast

text: wheat germ

text: lecithin

text: cancer

text: vitamin E

text: sterility

text: dietary supplement

text: Federal Trade Commission

text: Food and Drug Administration

text: Frederick J. Stare

text: quackery

text: The Quarterly Review of Biology

text: "Health Through Nutrition"

text: "Eat Right and Live Longer"

text: "Natural Folk Remedies"

text: "United States v. Kordel"

categories: Polish emigrants to the United States,American self-help writers,People convicted for health fraud,American nutritionists,2001 deaths,1904 births,Jagiellonian University alumni,Low-carbohydrate diet advocates,Pseudoscientific diet advocates

paragraph: Lelord Kordel

paragraph: Lelord Kordel (December 16, 1904 - 2001) was a Polish American nutritionist and author of books on healthy living. He was consulted by top Hollywood stars and earned several awards, but was fined and imprisoned for making false claims about his products.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1904, Lelord Kordel emigrated with his parents to the United States as a child and grew up in Chicago, where his father worked as a baker. After university studies in Chicago, Kordel returned to Poland to continue his studies at the University of Krakow. After completion of his Ph.D. in biochemistry in 1930, he worked for two years as a scientific instructor and as a research assistant to the British physician Sir William Arbuthnot-Lane (1931-1932).

paragraph: When Kordel returned to America in the early 1930s, he opened the California Nutrition Clinic in Beverly Hills. As an independent researcher and industry consultant, he developed programs for healthy living and pioneered concepts for dietary supplementation. During World War II, he conducted and supervised seminars on nutrition for the war effort and was active in the "Food and Nutrition for Victory" programs, for which he earned several awards.

paragraph: After the war, Kordel began writing books on healthy living and nutrition. While living in Detroit, Michigan, Kordel traveled widely to educate the public on nutrition and balanced diets. His teachings and formulations gained a wide circle of followers, including film stars such as Zsa Zsa Gabor, Eva Gabor, Gloria Swanson and Raquel Welch, who sought his advice on staying healthy and looking well.

paragraph: He created a health product company in 1949, Kordel's Nutritionals. He was also president of Detroit Vital Foods, Inc.

paragraph: Section::::Dieting.

paragraph: Kordel was an advocate of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet. He campaigned against high carbohydrate and starch foods such as potatoes. He opposed the use of refined carbohydrates such as white flour and white sugar. He recommended eating lots of protein with a minimum of carbohydrate. He promoted a diet rich in red meats (except pork), fish, poultry, eggs, dairy foods and raw vegetables. He was fond of liver, brewer's yeast, honey, powered skim milk, seeds, wheat germ and yoghurt. He also promoted lecithin as a "miracle nutrient" and high-dosage vitamin supplements.

paragraph: Kordel made false statements about dieting, for example linking the overconsumption of carbohydrates with cancer. He also made the false claim that vitamin E foods have a beneficial effect on sex organs and that lack of this vitamin may cause sterility.

paragraph: Section::::Reception.

paragraph: In 1946, Kordel was convicted of misbranding dietary supplements and fined $4, 000. For example, he falsely advertised a herbal tablet "Gotu Kola," as offering "erect posture, sharp eyes, velvety skin, limbs of splendid proportions, deep chest, firm bodies, gracefully curved hips, flat abdomens and even pleasing laughter."

paragraph: Kordel came into dispute with the Federal Trade Commission in 1957 and Food and Drug Administration in 1961. Whilst president of Detroit Vital Foods, products from the company, "Michigan Brand Korleen Tablets" and "Frutex Fruit Salad" were discovered to be misbranded with false health claims. The products were advertised in Kordel's lectures and publications for treating practically all diseases. After a long appeal process, Kordel was fined $10, 000 and served one year in prison in 1971.

paragraph: Professor of Bioethics Sana Loue in "Forensic Epidemiology: Integrating Public Health and Law Enforcement", noted that:

paragraph: Kordel had consistently represented in lectures and advertising material that specified chemicals could improve health and that such "natural nutrients" were the constituent elements of the products Korleen and Frutex. It was claimed that Korleen could successfully treat cirrhosis of the liver and eliminate varicose veins. Frutex was claimed to be an effective preventive strategy and cure for bleeding gums, sore throat, earache, swollen neck glands, pneumonia, and acute rheumatism. In the criminal case, both Kordel and Feldten were convicted of having violated provisions of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and were fined and sentenced to prison. A fine was also imposed on the company.

paragraph: Nutritionist Frederick J. Stare included Kordel's "Health Through Nutrition" in a list of books on nutritional quackery, which "ought not to be on anyone's shelves." A review of "Health Through Nutrition" in "The Quarterly Review of Biology", wrote that the book is "made up of such a weird concoction of science, pseudo-science, and dietary fads that it will be most difficult for the average reader to sift the authentic information from the unauthenticated claims, and to remain unaffected by the latter."

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Health the Easy Way" (1946),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Health Through Nutrition" (1950),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eat and Grow Younger" (1952),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lady, be Loved!" (1953),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sexual Vigor and Nutrition" (1953),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eat Your Troubles Away" (1955),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live to Enjoy the Money You Make" (1956),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to Make People Like You" (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cook Right – Live Longer" (1962),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eat and Grow Slender" (1962),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eat Your Way to Happiness" (1962),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eat Right and Live Longer" (1965),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to Keep Your Youthful Vitality After Forty" (1969),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Secrets for Staying Slim" (1972),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Natural Folk Remedies" (1974),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Health the Easy Way" (1976),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You're Younger Than You Think" (1976),

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Easy, Low-Cost Way to Total Beauty", (Putnam Publishing Group, 1979, ).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Total Beauty the Kordel Way" (1983)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julius Cohen. (1949). "United States v. Kordel". In "Materials And Problems On Legislation". The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc. pp. 109–131

description: American nutritionist

wikidata_label: Lelord Kordel

wikipedia_title: Lelord Kordel


text:
Barneys New York
Barney Pressman
men's suit
luxury department store
fashion
New York City
Barney Pressman
brand
working class
Rutgers University
US Army
marketing
Giorgio Armani
Hubert de Givenchy
Pierre Cardin
Isetan
Louise Sunshine
Harrison, New York
pancreatic cancer
Central Synagogue
Manhattan
intern

categories: American Jews in the military,1996 deaths,Deaths from pancreatic cancer,American retail chief executives,American businesspeople in retailing

paragraph: Fred Pressman

paragraph: Fred Pressman (1923 – July 14, 1996) was the chairman of Barneys New York. He assumed the role after taking over from his father, Barney Pressman. Under Fred Pressman's leadership, the store changed from being a discount men's suit shop to a luxury department store showcasing designer fashion.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Pressman was born in New York City, the son of Barbara and Barney Pressman. His father founded Barneys, a clothing store that focused on selling name brand suits at a deep discount to the working class by purchasing inventory at auctions, bankruptcies, and in odd lots. He attended Rutgers University before enlisting in the US Army. In 1946, he joined the family business where he excelled at finding quality goods that he could purchase for a discount and sell using innovative marketing.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In the late 1950s, he became chairman of the company and slowly transitioned it from a discount retailer and instead replaced the inventory with top-name designers from Europe that were relatively unknown in the United States. He also added women's clothing, housewares, cosmetics and gifts. He was credited with introducing Giorgio Armani to the American market in 1976 as well as one of the first American retailers to sell Hubert de Givenchy and Pierre Cardin products.

paragraph: In the 1970s, his sons, Gene and Bob, joined the business. In the late 1980s, Barneys entered into a partnership with the Japanese retailer Isetan to expand the Barneys name internationally. In January 1996, Barneys filed for bankruptcy protection after a dispute with its Japanese lender.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Pressman was married to Phyllis Pressman; they had four children: Bob Pressman, Gene Pressman, Elizabeth Pressman-Neubardt, and Nancy Pressman-Dressler. His niece, Louise Sunshine, is the co-founder of the real estate marketing and sales company Sunshine Group.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Pressman died on July 14, 1996 at his home in Harrison, New York at the age of 73 of pancreatic cancer. Services were held at the Central Synagogue in Manhattan.

paragraph: The Fred Pressman Summer Youth Program invites high school students to intern and attend seminars in business etiquette, customer service, resume writing, and interviewing.

wikidata_label: Fred Pressman

wikipedia_title: Fred Pressman


text:
Robert Burns
Henry Sampson Woodfall
Thomas Harris
Covent Garden Theatre
John O’Keeffe
Jordan
Mrs Goodall
John O’Keeffe
John Gay
The Beggar's Opera
Richard Steele
Theatre Royal, Edinburgh
Haymarket Theatre
George Colman
Theatre Royal, Dublin
Edinburgh
Glasgow
Dumfries
Theatre Royal, Dumfries
Robert Burns
Boston
Boston Theatre
Othello
Bickerstaff
South Carolina

categories: 1799 deaths,18th-century British actresses,1769 births

paragraph: Louisa Fontenelle

paragraph: Louisa Fontenelle (31 August 176930 October 1799) was an actress and singer who played in London and Scotland before marrying and heading off to America to join the Boston Theatre. In Dumfries, her acting came to the attention of Robert Burns, who wrote a number of poems for her.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Louisa was born in London on 31 August 1769, the daughter of John and Ann Fontenell. She was sent to boarding school, after which, having "discovered so much agreeable vivacity", she was persuaded by friends to take up acting as a career.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Louisa was recommended by the proprietor of the "Public Advertiser", Henry Sampson Woodfall, who wrote to Thomas Harris, proprietor of the Covent Garden Theatre. The result of his submission was that in 1788 Louisa appeared as Moggy McGilpin, the heroine in John O’Keeffe’s comic opera, "The Highland Reel". The show was a huge success and immediately launched her acting career. A newspaper reviewer on the morning following the opening declared: "Miss Fontanelle, as a breeches figure, will rank with Jordan and Mrs Goodall."

paragraph: Following her success in her debut role, she appeared as Sophia in John O’Keeffe’s "The Toy" and a controversial female MacHeath in John Gay's "The Beggar's Opera". She was in the cast of "Such Things Have Been" and went on to play Mademoiselle D'Epingle in Richard Steele's "The Funeral". After her benefit night on 2 May 1789, Louisa received adverse criticism for overacting and she and Thomas Harris parted company. She went north to join the company at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, where she played in various roles for a season before returning to London to play at the Haymarket Theatre. Louisa was engaged by George Colman at the Haymarket Theatre to replace Miss George, who was now playing at the Theatre Royal, Dublin. She played there for four summer seasons, 1790 to 1793, but in the winter seasons played in Theatre Royal in Edinburgh, Glasgow and Dumfries.

paragraph: Section::::Louisa and Robert Burns.

paragraph: It was while she was playing at the Theatre Royal, Dumfries that she caught the eye of Robert Burns, who wrote a "Prologue" for her to recite at her benefit night on 26 November 1792 on the Rights of Women. This was accompanied by a letter in which he wrote, "To you, Madam, on our humble Dumfries boards, I have been more indebted for entertainment, than ever I was in prouder Theatres. Your charms as a woman would ensure applause to the most indifferent Actress, and your theatrical talents would secure admiration to the plainest figure." In December of the following year, Burns wrote another address for her benefit night. He also wrote a poem for her entitled "To Miss Fontenelle, on Seeing her in a Favorite Character".

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and emigration.

paragraph: While at Dumfries, she also caught the eye of, and later married, the theatre manager, John Brown Williamson, a friend of Burns. Shortly after they were married, in 1796, the couple emigrated to Boston, America. In their American debuts in the Boston Theatre, John played the Moor in Othello and Louisa 'Little Pickle' in Bickerstaff's "The Spoil'd Child". Williamson's acting was criticised in that he "lacked flexibility of countenance." Louisa's role, on the other hand, was described as "the most astonishing and brilliant display of theatrical genius ever exhibited in America." After their first season, Williamson became manager of the Boston Theatre but his "unfortunate habit of undervaluing everything American" led to failure "through a want of co-operation and support from the stockholder." They later joined the Charleston Company of Actors in South Carolina and played in Boston and New York. Louisa died of yellow fever at Charleston on 30 October 1799. Williamson died two years later in 1801.

description: Fontenelle, Louisa [known as Mrs Williamson] (1769–1799), actress and singer

wikidata_label: Louisa Fontenelle

wikipedia_title: Louisa Fontenelle


text:
African-American
baseball
pitcher
Negro Leagues
Chicago Union Giants
St. Paul Colored Gophers
St. Paul Colored Gophers
Johnny Davis
No-hitter

categories: 1879 births,1937 deaths,Negro league baseball players

paragraph: Clarence Lytle

paragraph: Clarence Lester "Dude" Lytle (born December 22, 1879 and died March 4, 1937) was an African-American baseball pitcher in the pre-Negro Leagues. He played from 1901 to 1911 with various teams. He played mostly with the Chicago Union Giants.

paragraph: In 1907, Lytle signed with the new St. Paul Colored Gophers team. Later that year, a 1907 St. Paul newspaper paper noted that Lytle and fellow St. Paul Colored Gophers pitcher Johnny Davis both had No-hitter games to their credit.

paragraph: Lytle died in Chicago, Illinois on March 4, 1937 at the age of 57.

alias:
Clarence Lester Lytle
Dude Lytle

description: Negro League Baseball player

wikidata_label: Clarence Lytle

wikipedia_title: Clarence Lytle


text:
American football
running back
Cleveland Browns
National Football League
2015 NFL draft
college football
University of Miami
Miami Norland Senior High School
Miami Gardens, Florida
football
Sammy Watkins
South Fort Myers
Tampa Jefferson
Wakulla
track & field
long jump
100 meters
200 meters
Rivals.com
touchdowns
Virginia
60 meters
Florida State
Ottis Anderson
2015 NFL Draft
2015 NFL Draft
Indianapolis
Mike Tomlin
(Steelers)
Todd Bowles
(Jets)
Sean Payton
(Saints)
New York Giants
Atlanta Falcons
Mike Mayock
Sports Illustrated
Scouts Inc.
Charles Davis
Cleveland Browns
2015 NFL Draft
$
contract
signing bonus
first preseason game
Washington Redskins
FirstEnergy Stadium
Isaiah Crowell
Terrance West
Shaun Draughn
Mike Pettine
Cleveland Browns'
New York Jets
San Diego Chargers
Josh McCown
San Francisco 49ers
2015
Greg Little
Oakland Raiders
Amari Cooper
Ray Farmer
Hue Jackson
Miami Dolphins
Tennessee Titans
New York Jets
2016 season
Baltimore Ravens
Herschel Walker
Carlos Hyde
Nick Chubb
Kansas City Chiefs
Miami Hurricanes bio
Cleveland Browns bio

categories: African-American players of American football,Cleveland Browns players,Players of American football from Florida,Miami Hurricanes football players,1993 births,American football running backs,Living people

paragraph: Duke Johnson

paragraph: Randy "Duke" Johnson Jr. (born September 23, 1993) is an American football running back for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Browns in the third round (77th overall) of the 2015 NFL draft. He played college football at the University of Miami.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Johnson attended Miami Norland Senior High School in Miami Gardens, Florida, where he played football and ran track. As a sophomore, Johnson ran for 1,540 yards and 25 touchdowns. In his junior year, he led Norland to a 13–2 record and state runner-up. After beating the Sammy Watkins-led South Fort Myers 44–28 in the semifinals, Norland lost 44–34 to the unbeaten Tampa Jefferson in the class 3A final. During his senior year, Johnson compiled 1,957 rushing yards and 29 touchdowns, 14 receptions for 232 receiving yards and three touchdowns, three kickoff returns and one punt return for scores, as he led Miami Norland to 15–0 finish and state Class 5A championship. In the championship game against Wakulla, he scored five touchdowns.

paragraph: He was also on the school's track & field team, where he was a standout sprinter and long jumper. He placed 5th in the long jump event at the 2010 GMAC Qualifiers, with a jump of 6.60 meters. In 2011, he placed 4th in the 100 meters at the 3rd Annual Miramar Invitational, recording a career-best time of 10.62 seconds. He finished 3rd in the 200 meters at the FHSAA 3A District 16, with a time of 22.31 seconds.

paragraph: He was considered the best all-purpose running back recruit by Rivals.com.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Johnson attended and played college football at the University of Miami from 2012 to 2014. In his freshman season, he rushed for 947 yards on 139 carries with ten touchdowns and caught 27 passes for 221 yards and one touchdown. He also threw an additional touchdown in a 41–40 loss to Virginia. He also played a major role on special teams, where he returned 28 kicks for two touchdowns.

paragraph: In 2012, Johnson won both the ACC Rookie of the Year and Offensive Rookie of the Year awards. He became the first Miami Hurricane to win both awards.

paragraph: In 2013, Johnson joined the Miami indoor track team, posting a personal-best time of 6.92 seconds in the 60 meters at New Mexico Classic. Johnson's sophomore campaign with the Hurricane's football team came to an abrupt end on November 2, 2013, when he broke his ankle against arch-rival Florida State. Miami lost that game 41–14. Through eight games, Johnson rushed for 920 yards on 145 carries, with six touchdowns. He also had four catches for 77 yards. Johnson returned from the injury his junior season in 2014 to play in all 13 games. During the season, he passed Ottis Anderson to become the Hurricanes' all-time rushing yards leader. He ended the 2014 season with 1,652 yards and 10 touchdowns.

paragraph: After his junior season, Johnson decided to forego his senior season and declared for the 2015 NFL Draft. He finished his college career with 3,519 rushing yards on 526 carries with 26 touchdowns, and had 69 receptions for 719 yards and four touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On December 28, 2014, Johnson announced his decision to forgo his remaining eligibility and enter the 2015 NFL Draft. Johnson attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis and performed a few combine drills before sustaining a hamstring injury. Due to his hamstring, he skipped the three-cone drill and short shuttle and voluntarily chose to skip the bench press. On April 1, 2015, Johnson participated at Miami's pro day and chose to perform the majority of combine drills, but elected to skip the broad jump. He improved his 40-yard dash (4.51s), 20-yard dash (2.57s), 10-yard dash (1.58s), and vertical jump (35") and also completed the bench press (18), short shuttle (4.16s), and three-cone drill (6.88s). Scouts and team representatives from all 32 NFL teams attended Miami's pro day, including head coaches Mike Tomlin (Steelers), Todd Bowles (Jets), and Sean Payton (Saints).

paragraph: He also attended private workouts and visits with the New York Giants and Atlanta Falcons. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Johnson was projected to be a second round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the fourth best running back prospect in the draft by DraftScout.com and NFL analyst Mike Mayock, was ranked the fifth best running back by Sports Illustrated and Scouts Inc., and was ranked the seventh best running back by NFL analyst Charles Davis.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2015.

paragraph: The Cleveland Browns selected Johnson in the third round (77th overall) of the 2015 NFL Draft. Johnson was the sixth running back drafted in 2015.

paragraph: On June 16, 2015, the Cleveland Browns signed Johnson to a four-year, $3.10 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $710,092.

paragraph: On August 1, 2015, Johnson injured his hamstring on the first day of the Browns' training camp. He was sidelined for the next ten days, and was inactive during the first preseason game against the Washington Redskins at FirstEnergy Stadium. During Johnson's first pre-season appearance, he was diagnosed with a concussion and was removed from the game. Throughout training camp, Johnson competed to be one of the primary running backs in the Browns' rotation against Isaiah Crowell, Terrance West, and Shaun Draughn. Head coach Mike Pettine named Johnson the backup running back, behind Isaiah Crowell, to begin the regular season. He replaced Terrance West after West showed up to training camp overweight and was released as part of final roster cuts.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the Cleveland Browns' season-opener at the New York Jets and had seven carries for 22-yards in their 31–10 loss. On October 4, 2015, Johnson had eight carries for 31-yards and recorded a season-high nine receptions for 85-yards and scored his first career touchdown during a 30–27 loss at the San Diego Chargers in Week 4. Johnson scored his first career touchdown on a 34-yard pass by quarterback Josh McCown in the second quarter. In Week 14, he had a season-high 13 carries for 78 rushing yards in the Browns' 24–10 win against the San Francisco 49ers. He finished his rookie season in 2015 with 104 carries for 379 rushing yards and 61 receptions for 534 receiving yards and two touchdowns in 16 games and seven starts. Johnson's 61 receptions are the second-most by a Browns rookie, tied with wide receiver Greg Little. Among rookies, Johnson ranked first in receptions and receiving yards among rookie running backs and second in receptions overall, just under Oakland Raiders' Amari Cooper. Johnson was ranked sixth overall among rookies in receiving yards and was one of six rookies to surpass 500 yards receiving.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2016.

paragraph: On January 4, 2016, the Cleveland Browns fired head coach Mike Pettine and general manager Ray Farmer after the Browns finished with a 3–13 record in 2015. During training camp, Johnson competed to be the starting running back against Isaiah Crowell. Head coach Hue Jackson officially named Johnson the backup running back, behind Isaiah Crowell, to start the regular season in 2016.

paragraph: In Week 3, Johnson had a season-high ten carries for 69-yards and also caught five passes for 12-yards during a 30–24 loss at the Miami Dolphins. On October 16, 2016, Johnson had four carries for 18-yards and four receptions for 56-yards while also scoring his first rushing touchdown during a 28–26 loss at the Tennessee Titans in Week 6. Johnson scored his first rushing touchdown on a one-yard run in the fourth quarter. On October 30, 2016, Johnson caught six passes for a season-high 87-yards and had four carries for 29 rushing yards as the Browns lost 31–28 against the New York Jets in Week 8. Johnson finished the 2016 season with 73 carries for 358 rushing yards (4.9 YPC) and a touchdown and 53 receptions for 514 receiving yards in 16 games and one start. Johnson served as a punt returner in 2016 and had 17 returns for 112-yards. He also had two fumbles and recorded two solo tackles in special teams.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017.

paragraph: Johnson shared the Browns' backfield with Isaiah Crowell in the 2017 season. In Week 15, against the Baltimore Ravens, he became the first NFL running back since Herschel Walker in 1986–1988 to record at least 500 receiving yards in each of his first three seasons. Overall, he finished the 2017 season with 348 rushing yards, four rushing touchdowns, 74 receptions, 693 receiving yards, and three receiving touchdowns as the Browns struggled to only the second 0–16 season in NFL history.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2018.

paragraph: On June 7, 2018, the Cleveland Browns signed Johnson to a three-year, $15.61 million contract extension with $7.75 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $3 million. Going into the 2018 season, Johnson shared the backfield with Carlos Hyde and rookie Nick Chubb. Through the first six games, Johnson retained his familiar role as a runner and catcher totaling 111 rushing yards and 14 receptions for 164 receiving yards. Before Week 7, Hyde was traded to the Jacksonville Jaguars. In Week 9, against the Kansas City Chiefs, he had nine receptions for 78 yards and two touchdowns in the 37–21 loss. Overall, he finished the 2018 season with 201 rushing yards to go along with 47 receptions for 429 yards and three touchdowns.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miami Hurricanes bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cleveland Browns bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Duke Johnson

wikipedia_title: Duke Johnson


text:
Venice
Patriarch of Venice
Antonio Correr
Vittorino da Feltre
Mantua
protonotary apostolic
Pope Eugenius IV
Florence
Biondo Flavio
Lapo da Castiglionchio the Younger
Council of Basle
Basilica of San Zeno, Verona
Vittorino
Iacopo da San Cassiano
San Zeno Altarpiece
Andrea Mantegna
bishop of Padua
Pietro Barbo
Pope Pius II
codex
Procne
Ovid
Thyestes
Seneca the Younger

categories: 1409 births,Italian Renaissance humanists,Patriarchs of Venice,Italian Renaissance people,Correr family,Italian dramatists and playwrights,1464 deaths,People from Venice,Italian Roman Catholic priests

paragraph: Gregorio Correr

paragraph: Gregorio Correr (Corraro) (1409 – 1464) was an Italian humanist and ecclesiastic from Venice. In the last year of his life he was elected Patriarch of Venice.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was born into a patrician family of Venice; Antonio Correr was his uncle. As a youth he studied in the school of Vittorino da Feltre in Mantua.

paragraph: Correr was created protonotary apostolic by Pope Eugenius IV, a relation. He went with the Curia to Florence, where he encountered the humanist circle of Biondo Flavio. He corresponded with Lapo da Castiglionchio the Younger.

paragraph: He then served as secretary to his uncle Antonio at the Council of Basle. From 1448 he was an abbot at the Basilica of San Zeno, Verona. There he received the visit of another pupil of Vittorino, Iacopo da San Cassiano. He commissioned the celebrated San Zeno Altarpiece from Andrea Mantegna. He was nominated as bishop of Padua in 1459, but lost out to Pietro Barbo when Pope Pius II refused to accept the Venetian Senate's choice.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: There is a codex of Correr's works. Around 1428 he wrote a Latin tragedy, "Progne", based on the story of Procne in Ovid, and the play "Thyestes" by Seneca the Younger. He wrote also seven satires as a pupil in Mantua, and poetry, as he mentioned in correspondence with Cecilia Gonzaga. He wrote about 60 fables, and also a biography of Antonio

description: Patriarch of Venice

wikidata_label: Gregorio Correr

wikipedia_title: Gregorio Correr


href: Bohemia Thaler dollar

text: Bohemian taler dollar

categories: 15th-century Bohemian people,Medieval Bohemian nobility

paragraph: Hieronymus Schlick

paragraph: Hieronymus Schlick was a Bohemian count who authorised the minting of the first taler, the origin of the word "dollar".

wikidata_label: Hieronymus Schlick

wikipedia_title: Hieronymus Schlick


text:
physicist
electrostatics
University of Jena
Polytechnic Institute of Riga
fluid flow
shock wave
schlieren photography
influence machine
x-ray machines
Wilhelm Holtz
University of Graz
Austria
Schlieren photography
Foucault knife-edge test
Léon Foucault
Maximilien Toepler
Toepler Pump

categories: 1836 births,1912 deaths,German physicists

paragraph: August Toepler

paragraph: August Joseph Ignaz Toepler (7 September 1836 – 6 March 1912) was a German physicist known for his experiments in electrostatics.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: August Toepler was born on 7 September 1836. He studied chemistry at the Gewerbe-Institut Berlin (1855–1858) and graduated from the University of Jena in 1860. Later Toepler turned to experimental physics. August Toepler was a lecturer of chemistry and physics at the Academy Poppelsdorf (1859-1864). He received a chair of chemistry and chemical technology at the Polytechnic Institute of Riga and he hold this position between 1864 and 1868.

paragraph: In 1864, he applied Foucault's knife-edge test for telescope mirrors to the analysis of fluid flow and the shock wave. He named this new method schlieren photography, for which he is justifiably famous. He also developed the Toepler machine, an electrostatic influence machine (high voltage generator) in 1865, which would one day find use in early medical x-ray machines. Improved versions were produced by Wilhelm Holtz, Roger and J. Robert Voss.

paragraph: In 1868, he became a professor at the University of Graz in Austria, where under his administration a new physical institute has appeared. In 1876, Toepler came to Dresden where he was offered the chair of Experimental Physics. He was a director of the Physical Institute at the Dresden Technical University till his retirement in 1900. His son Maximilian Toepler continued the scientific work independently. Toepler is remembered as an inventor of electrostatic machines, and for his work with air pumps and acoustic waves.

paragraph: Toepler described also a symmetrical machine (1866) that is a sectorless machine and a similar device is used as a voltage multiplier.

paragraph: Toepler’s electrostatic machines were made by different people and companies, e.g. a Toepler machine can be found in a Welch Scientific Company (Chicago, USA) catalog. The differences between a Toepler machine, a Holtz machine, and a Toepler-Holtz machine are unclear even in books written when they were vital, modern technology. Sometimes such a machine is called a Holtz-Toepler machine simply because it was made by Holtz, but the original design is still the same as the Toepler machine.

paragraph: This model of an electrostatic induction generator, very much in vogue for electromedical purposes towards the end of the nineteenth century, is based on the principles of electrophorus and duplicator function. It is derived from the mechanical improvements made between 1865 and 1880 by the physicist August Topler, the German physicist Wilhelm Holtz (1836-1913) and by J. Robert Voss, a mechanician from Berlin. Voss devised this self-excitation model in 1880, perfecting a machine presented by Topler the previous year.

paragraph: The machine rests upon a footed walnut base. A column horizontally supports the axis of rotation. Two thin, shellacked, parallel glass disks in close proximity one to the other are vertically hinged to this axis. The larger of the two (the rear one), is a fixed disk and rests on the base along the groove of an ebonite insulation disk; the other (the front one), is a smaller mobile disk and rotates by means of a crank that controls a pair of pulleys connected by a cord. On its outer side, the fixed disk carries the inductors, two strips of tinfoil glued in the middle of two, broad paper shields placed diametrically, one beside the other.

paragraph: The mobile disk carries the Toepler-Voss self-excitation system consisting of six metallic buttons, each surrounded by a ring of tinfoil, placed equidistantly in a circle. Two small metal brushes rub against the buttons; the brushes are fixed to a curved conductor (covered with ebonite) that is clamped to the disks at opposite points and is in contact with the inductor’s tinfoil strips. In front of the buttons, fixed to the edge of the mobile disk towards the horizontal diameter, two brass collection combs, each having 10 points, are positioned in the direction of the disk.

paragraph: The combs are in contact with the inner shields of two Leiden jars, and with the arms of the spark-gap, two brass bars equipped with spherules and insulation handles, into which the sparks are released. The outer shields of the Leiden jars rest on two brass disks electrically connected by a metallic wire, which passes along the base.

paragraph: A second pair of collection combs, facing the mobile disk, each with eight points and a central metal brush that rubs against the buttons, comprises the so-called “diametrical conductor”.

paragraph: The “diametrical conductor” is inclined at 45° with respect to the horizontal diameter and allowed for the polarity of the linings to be maintained unaltered, especially when the exciting dynamos moved farther away than their normal explosive distance. Not even a weak initial charge is needed to start the machine; the self-excitation system automatically starts by turning the mobile disk clock-wise (when viewed from the front of the machine) using the special crank.

paragraph: The quantity of charge captured through induction by the combs is collected by the two mobile, brass collection rings, the terminal spherules of the spark-gap are each charged by the opposite sign with respect to the sign of the comb with which they are in contact. In this manner the machine is able to produce sparks, at times very long ones, especially if the poles of the spark-gap are in contact with the internal shields of the two Leiden jars.

paragraph: Standard direct current was not always available at the turn of the century so that Toepler-Holtz electrostatic generators were used to provide physicians with current for treatment as well as to power the first x-ray devices. They were fairly common and advertised in the Sears catalogue with numerous accessories. This machine built in an oak-and-glass cabinet is a Toepler-Holtz generator made by the Betz company of Chicago ( 1900). It was intended for medical use, and has an X-ray tube controller as an integral part.

paragraph: This machine is of the Toepler-Holtz design and comes from the late 1890s. It was sold to practicing physicians as a potential source for the excitation of X-ray tubes. For this it works quite well, yielding about 1 mA at 80 kV at moderate rates of rotation. Accessories to be found in the drawers are for “electrical treatment” for such things as baldness, lameness, etc.

paragraph: Most are systems of points designed to produce brush discharges. A low table with glass legs is included for electric isolation of the patient. Some of the devices look as though they are instruments of torture even without the application of electricity. The case enclosing the plates should not be opened except for repairs. The machine is operated by turning the crank counterclockwise as one looks at the front. A rotary switch at the center connects or disconnects the Leyden jars to the terminals.

paragraph: The pictured generator is one of the larger types and is made up of 24 glass plates, 6 sets of four each, which were rotated to produce current for therapy. It was made by an unknown maker (Wagner?), 1910.

paragraph: August and Maximilian Toepler started research in the field of gas discharge physics at the Dresden University of Technology. This research particularly resulted in the development of the Schlieren technique. With the application of the “streak method” Toepler succeeded as the first scientist in making acoustic waves in the air visible. This method was found to be also important for the high-speed cinematography. Motion pictures have also been used to study phenomena that occur so fast that they cannot be recorded on normal cameras. An immense amount of ingenuity has been applied to the solution of many problems in this field.

paragraph: Section::::Schlieren optical system.

paragraph: The principal of Toepler's Schlieren photography, known as the Foucault knife-edge test, was originally developed as a sensitive test for lenses, mirrors, and other optical components by Léon Foucault  in 1859. Toepler was the first to modify the principle for real time observation of liquid or gaseous flow and sound waves, where it continues to be widely used.

paragraph: Section::::Trivia.

paragraph: Toepler's son Maximilien Toepler was also a physicist, and worked independently in the same field.

paragraph: Toepler was also famous for inventing the Toepler Pump as seen in the bottom right hand picture.

description: German physicist

wikidata_label: August Toepler

wikipedia_title: August Toepler


text: Wakayama Prefecture

text: Chuo University

text: Lower House

text: Diet of Japan

text: 1917 General Election

text: Rikken Seiyūkai

text: Tanaka Giichi

text: Minister of Commerce and Industry

text: Inukai administration

text: Hirota administration

text: Railway Minister

text: Hiranuma administration

text: Taisei Yokusankai

text: Fumimaro Konoe

text: World War II

text: Koiso administration

text: surrender of Japan

text: Japan Progressive Party

text: occupation of Japan

text: purge

text: Liberal Party

text: Shigeru Yoshida

text: 1953 General Election

categories: Imperial Rule Assistance Association politicians,Government ministers of Japan,1888 births,1954 deaths,Liberal Party (Japan, 1945) politicians,20th-century Japanese politicians,Rikken Seiyūkai politicians,People from Wakayama Prefecture

paragraph: Yonezō Maeda

paragraph: Maeda was a native of Wakayama Prefecture, and a graduate of the Tokyo Hōgakuin (the predecessor to the law school of Chuo University). He received his law degree in 1903. He was elected to the Lower House of the Diet of Japan in the 1917 General Election, under the Rikken Seiyūkai banner, and was subsequently reelected to the same seat during the next nine elections. Maeda served as Secretary-General of the party in 1925. In 1927, Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi picked Maeda as his Director-General of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau. Maeda subsequent was appointed Minister of Commerce and Industry under the Inukai administration in 1931. He returned to the Cabinet under the Hirota administration as Railway Minister in 1936. In 1939, Maeda was asked to resume his post as Railway Minister under the Hiranuma administration.

paragraph: As with all other Japanese politicians, Maeda was forced to join the Taisei Yokusankai created by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe in 1940, and served as the party's Chairman for Administrative Affairs. During World War II, Maeda served as Minister of Transport and Communications, under the Koiso administration.

paragraph: After the surrender of Japan, Maeda joined the Japan Progressive Party, which had emerged under the occupation of Japan. However, he was purged from public office in 1946 along with all other members of the wartime administration. In 1952, with the end of the occupation of Japan, he became one of the founding members of the Liberal Party headed by Shigeru Yoshida, forming his own faction within the party. However, he was defeated in the 1953 General Election, and went into retirement. Maeda died the following year.

alias:
Yonezo Maeda
Yonezou Maeda

description: Japanese politician

wikidata_label: Yonezō Maeda

wikipedia_title: Yonezō Maeda


text:
Ioane
Georgian
monk
saint
Caucasian Iberia
Spanish peninsula
Hagiorite
Bithynia
Constantinople
Euthymius the Illuminator
monastery
Mount Athos

wikipedia_title:
Ioane
Georgia (country)
Monk
Saint
Kingdom of Iberia
Iberian Peninsula
Mount Athos
Bithynia
Constantinople
Euthymius the Athonite
Monastery
Mount Athos

categories: 10th-century people from Georgia (country),Byzantine people of Georgian descent,Christian monks from Georgia (country),Athonite Fathers,Founders of Christian monasteries,11th-century people from Georgia (country),10th-century Christian saints,1000s deaths,Year of birth unknown,10th-century Byzantine monks,Calligraphers from Georgia (country),Saints of Georgia (country)

paragraph: John the Iberian

paragraph: John the Iberian (, "Ioane"; died ) was a Georgian monk, who is venerated as a saint. His name refers to the Caucasian Iberia, not to the Spanish peninsula, and he is also known as John the Georgian, John the Hagiorite, and John Iweron. A member of the Georgian nobility, he was married and served as a military commander. However, he later became a monk in Bithynia and then traveled to Constantinople to rescue his son, Euthymius the Illuminator ("Euthymius Opplyseren"). Euthymius had been held as a hostage by the emperor.

paragraph: John and his son attracted many followers, so they both retired to the monastery of Saint Athanasius on Mount Athos. They founded Iviron monastery with the help of John’s brother-in-law, John Thornikos, a retired general. John served as the first abbot of Iviron.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint John the Georgian

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. John the Iberian

description: Georgian monk

wikidata_label: John the Iberian

wikipedia_title: John the Iberian


text:
racehorse
trainer
National Hunt
Grand National
1978
1984
Bath, Somerset
Salisbury Racecourse
Gordon Richards
Perth Racecourse
Beadnell
Greystoke Castle
Penrith
One Man
King George VI Chase
Queen Mother Champion Chase
King George VI Chase
Queen Mother Champion Chase
Cheltenham Gold Cup
Champion Hurdle
Sea Pigeon
Peter Easterby
Chester Cup
Ebor Handicap
Champion Hurdle
Devon and Exeter
Cheltenham Festival
Carlisle
Nicky Richards
Grand National
King George VI Chase
Queen Mother Champion Chase
Hennessy Gold Cup
Whitbread Gold Cup

wikipedia_title:
Horse racing
Horse trainer
National Hunt racing
Grand National
1978 Grand National
1984 Grand National
Bath, Somerset
Salisbury Racecourse
Gordon Richards
Perth Racecourse
Beadnell
Greystoke Castle
Penrith, Cumbria
One Man (horse)
King George VI Chase
Queen Mother Champion Chase
King George VI Chase
Queen Mother Champion Chase
Cheltenham Gold Cup
Champion Hurdle
Sea Pigeon
Peter Easterby
Chester Cup
Ebor Handicap
Champion Hurdle
Exeter Racecourse
Cheltenham Festival
Carlisle
Nicky Richards
Grand National
King George VI Chase
Queen Mother Champion Chase
Ladbrokes Trophy
Bet365 Gold Cup

categories: British horse trainers,People from Bath, Somerset,1998 deaths,1930 births

paragraph: Gordon W. Richards

paragraph: Gordon W. Richards (7 September 1930 – 29 September 1998) was a British racehorse trainer specialising mainly in National Hunt racing. He trained two winners of the Grand National with Lucius in 1978 and Hallo Dandy in 1984.

paragraph: He was born in Bath, Somerset and was apprenticed as a flat jockey to Jack Waugh. His middle initial, W., was allegedly inserted in his name by an official at Salisbury Racecourse at the start of his career to differentiate him from the champion flat jockey Sir Gordon Richards. The W. was apparently taken from Waugh's surname. Becoming too heavy for the flat, he rode as a National Hunt jockey for Ivor Anthony and Johnny Marshall; his career as a jockey was ended by a fall at Perth Racecourse in which he broke his back.

paragraph: In 1964 he took out a licence to train, initially at Beadnell, Northumberland before moving to Greystoke Castle stables near Penrith in Cumbria in 1968. He subsequently moved to a new purpose-built stables at Greystoke village in 1988.

paragraph: As well as his two Grand National winners he gained major successes with One Man, dual winner of the King George VI Chase and winner of the Queen Mother Champion Chase, and Titus Oates, also a King George VI Chase winner.

paragraph: On Timeform Ratings, One Man was the best chaser Richards ever trained. He was an exciting horse who visually traveled with ease throughout his races. He won the King George VI Chase twice, and the Queen Mother Champion Chase. He had two attempts to win the Cheltenham Gold Cup,finishing out of the frame both times,in 1996 (when starting the 11/8 favourite), and 1997. On both occasions he weakened in the later stages of the race.

paragraph: Richards also trained the future, dual Champion Hurdle winner, Sea Pigeon, when the horse began his hurdling career. But owner Pat Muldoon transferred the animal to the Great Habton yard of Peter Easterby, where he won two Chester Cups and an Ebor Handicap, as well as the 1980 and 1981 runnings of the Champion Hurdle .

paragraph: Richards will also be remembered for training the fearless,front running two mile chaser, Noddy's Ryde. The horse was only in his second season over fences when he was killed in action at Devon and Exeter in October 1984.He had been beaten narrowly in the Arkle Challenge Trophy Chase at the Cheltenham Festival in the Spring of that year,after dueling from a long way out with the eventual winner, Bobsline. The race was considered one of the most exciting of the time.

paragraph: The most supportive patron of the yard was the Edinburgh Woollen Mill,later becoming Ashleybank Investments. Richards trained many good horses for these owners. They commonly named their animals using 'Tartan' as the first word in the name. One of them, Tartan Tailor,won the Supreme Novices Hurdle at the Cheltenham Festival.

paragraph: He died from cancer in Carlisle, Cumbria and was succeeded as trainer at Greystoke by his son, Nicky Richards.

paragraph: Section::::Major wins.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grand National – (2) – "Lucius (1978), Hallo Dandy (1984)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- King George VI Chase – (3) – "Titus Oates (1969), One Man (1995 & 1996)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Queen Mother Champion Chase – (1) – "One Man (1998)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hennessy Gold Cup – (1) – "One Man (1994)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Whitbread Gold Cup – (1) – "Titus Oates (1971)"

description: British racehorse trainer

wikidata_label: Gordon W. Richards

wikipedia_title: Gordon W. Richards


text:
Korneuburg
Lower Austria
blackened death metal
Belphegor
frontman
blackened death metal
Belphegor
heavy metal
Jackson Guitars
Conjuring the Dead

wikipedia_title:
Korneuburg
Lower Austria
Blackened death metal
Belphegor (band)
Lead vocalist
Blackened death metal
Belphegor (band)
Heavy metal music
Jackson Guitars
Conjuring the Dead

categories: People from Korneuburg,Black metal musicians,Lead guitarists,1968 births,Living people

paragraph: Helmuth Lehner

paragraph: Helmuth Lehner (born 7 December 1968 in Korneuburg, Lower Austria) is the singer and guitarist of the blackened death metal band Belphegor.

paragraph: Lehner is best known as the frontman, guitarist and a founding member of Austrian blackened death metal band Belphegor (originally 'Betrayer'), where since late 2007 he has been the only original member. Prior to Belphegor he was in the Austrian heavy metal band Speed Limit, where he was known as Hel Lennart.

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: Helmuth is an avid user of Jackson Guitars. He has been seen using the RR24 and the DKMG.

paragraph: Section::::Personal Life.

paragraph: Section::::Personal Life.:Illness.

paragraph: In 2011, Helmuth had contracted typhoid fever during their South American tour, which he believed he acquired the disease after accidentally drinking from an infected faucet. He eventually survived the infection and was able to recover after 6 weeks of rehabilitation. He stated that the event had inspired him in writing the album "Conjuring the Dead".

paragraph: Section::::Personal Life.:Airport incident in Russia.

paragraph: In April 2016, Lehner had been spat on by a Christian Orthodox activist

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Speed Limit - "Prophecy" (EP, 1988, Breakin' Records)

description: Austrian metal musician

wikidata_label: Helmuth Lehner

wikipedia_title: Helmuth Lehner


text: Antwerp

text: House of van de Werve

text: Augustin van de Werve

categories: Barons of Rielen,Barons of Lichtaart,Lords of Giessen-Oudkerk,1740 births,Van de Werve,Counts of Vorselaar,1813 deaths

paragraph: Charles IV Bernard van de Werve, 2nd Count of Vorsselaer

paragraph: Charles Bernard Jean Ghislain van de Werve (1740–1813), 2nd Count of Vorsselaer, Baron of Lichtaert and of Rielen, Lord of Giessen-Oudkerk, formed part of a very old, important and noble family of Antwerp. He was the first of the "van de Werve de Vorsselaer" branch of the House of van de Werve.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He was the son of Charles III Philippe van de Werve, 1st Count of Vorsselaer and countess Marie-Anne née de Pret. In 1763 he married Hubertine de Gilman, daughter of the Lord of Mertsenhoven and Itteren by Catherine-Caroline Vecqemans de la Verre. In 1788 he married again with Reine della Faille, daughter of Jérôme della Faille.

paragraph: One child was born from his first marriage, Augustin van de Werve, who was titled baron of Lichtaert as heir apparent of the count of Vorsselaer but died before his father so never became count of Vorsselaer. In 1784 Augustin married Marie-Anne van Colen.

alias: Charles Bernard Jean Gislain Van de Werve

description: Belgian noble

wikidata_label: Charles-Bernard van de Werve


text: Kincardineshire

text: Kandy

text: tea

text: British Ceylon

text: Loolecondera

text: Galaha

text: Thomas Lipton

text: Scottish

text: Loolecondera

text: London Tea Auction

text: Thomas Lipton

text: United Kingdom

text: British Ceylon

text: Australia

text: Loolecondera

text: gastroenteritis

text: dysentery

text: Loolecondera

text: Ceylon tea

text: Thomas Lipton

text: Tea production in Sri Lanka

text: Lipton official website

categories: 1835 births,1892 deaths,Sri Lankan tea,Planters of British Ceylon

paragraph: James Taylor (tea planter)

paragraph: James Taylor (29 March 1835 Kincardineshire, Scotland - 2 May 1892 Kandy, British Ceylon) was a British citizen who introduced tea plantation to British Ceylon. He arrived to British Ceylon in 1852 and settled down in Loolecondera estate in Galaha. Here he worked with Thomas Lipton, a Scottish immigrant, to develop the tea industry in British Ceylon. He continued to live in British Ceylon until his death (more than half of his lifetime).

paragraph: Section::::Life in Loolecondera.

paragraph: Taylor visited India in 1866 to learn the basics of growing tea on plantations; following his return, he started a plantation in Loolecondera estate in Kandy (Sri Lanka - formerly known as Ceylon). He began the tea plantation an estate of just in 1867. He started a fully equipped tea factory on the Loolecondera estate in 1872.

paragraph: During the period when Taylor lived on the Loolecondera estate, the export of tea increased from 23 pounds to 81 tonnes and in 1890 it reached the level of 22,900 tonnes.

paragraph: The story of tea in British Ceylon began in 1867. A Scotsman, James Taylor had cleared of forest in the District of Hewaheta Lower to plant the first seedlings in what is now known as the No.7 field of the Loolecondera Estate. Today even people who have never heard of Sri Lanka are familiar with Ceylon tea, which is known for its quality.

paragraph: Section::::Achievement.

paragraph: In year 1872 Taylor set about building a larger tea factory in Loolecondera and started manufacturing packeted tea. He had already written about his success of starting a larger tea factory as "I have a machine of my own invention being made in Kandy for rolling tea which I think will be successful". In 1875 Taylor managed to send the first shipment of Ceylon tea to the London Tea Auction.

paragraph: Section::::Taylor and Lipton.

paragraph: Thomas Lipton a millionaire in United Kingdom visited British Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in the 1890s, during his journey to Australia, and met Taylor. They discussed the business of exporting tea from British Ceylon. Lipton's company became interested and started buying Ceylon tea.

paragraph: Section::::Death and after.

paragraph: The rapid growth of the Ceylonese tea industry allowed the large tea companies to take over therefore the small farmers like Taylor were chased out from the industry. Because of this, Taylor was dismissed by the Loolecondera estate management.

paragraph: Taylor died 1892, one year after his dismissal from Loolecondera estate, from severe gastroenteritis and dysentery. His body was buried in the Mahaiyawa Cemetery in Kandy . His headstone reads, "In pious memory of James Taylor of Loolecondera Estate Ceylon, the pioneer of the cinchona and tea enterprise in this island, who died 2 May 1892, aged 57 years".

paragraph: In 1893 one year after his death, one million packets of Ceylon tea of the first shipment to London were sold at the Chicago World's Fair.

paragraph: The majority of the tea estates (more than 80 percent) were owned by British Companies from the time of James Taylor who began the industry in 1867 until 1971 when the government of Sri Lanka introduced a Land Reform Act which granted the ownership of tea estates to the government (nationalisation of the tea industry).

paragraph: Section::::Centenary of death.

paragraph: John Field, the High Commissioner for the United Kingdom in Sri Lanka made a comment in 1992 for the 100th anniversary of the death of Taylor: "It can be said of very few individuals that their labours have helped to shape the landscape of a country, but the beauty of the hill country as it now appears owes much to the inspiration of James Taylor, the man who introduced tea cultivation to Sri Lanka". A museum was also built in 1992 to commemorate him in the place where he lived.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Loolecondera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ceylon tea

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas Lipton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tea production in Sri Lanka

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Taylor, Lipton and the Birth of Ceylon Tea

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lipton official website

description: British citizen who introduced tea plantation to Sri Lanka (Ceylon)

wikidata_label: James Taylor

wikipedia_title: James Taylor (tea planter)


text: Inverness

text: FraserCartmell.com

categories: Living people,1982 births,Scottish male triathletes,Sportspeople from Inverness

paragraph: Fraser Cartmell

paragraph: Fraser Cartmell (born 16 June 1982 in Inverness, Scotland) is a professional triathlete, multiple Scottish champion, three time Ironman 70.3 UK winner, and Ironman UK 2010 winner.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- FraserCartmell.com - Fraser Cartmell official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- tri247.com - Fraser Cartmell tri247.com interview

description: British triathlete

wikidata_label: Fraser Cartmell

wikipedia_title: Fraser Cartmell


text: German

text: footballer

text: East Germany

text: SG Dynamo Dresden

text: Vacuum cleaner

text: DDR-Oberliga

text: FDGB Pokal

text: UEFA Cup

text: VfB Stuttgart

text: Esch-sur-Alzette

text: Belgium

text: UEFA European Championship

text: FIFA World Cup

text: UEFA Euro 1988

text: Bulgaria

text: Burgas

text: reunification

text: Bundesliga

text: FC Sachsen Leipzig

text: FC Neubrandenburg

text: reunified German national team

text: suicide attempt

text: Ulf Kirsten

text: testimonial match

text: Bild

categories: German footballers,FC Sachsen Leipzig players,East Germany international footballers,DDR-Oberliga players,East German footballers,2019 deaths,1965 births,Dynamo Dresden players

paragraph: Jörg Stübner

paragraph: Jörg Stübner (23 July 1965 – 24 June 2019) was a German footballer who amassed 47 international caps for East Germany.

paragraph: Stübner began his career with BSG Motor Halle in 1973 and transferred to SG Dynamo Dresden in 1979, where he gained the nickname "Staubsauger" (Vacuum cleaner), scoring 14 goals in 182 league appearances. Stübner was twice DDR-Oberliga champion with the Dresden club, in 1988/89 and 1989/90, and three-time FDGB Pokal winner. After several seasons, Dynamo reached the semi-finals of the 1988/89 UEFA Cup, where they were beaten by VfB Stuttgart. In total, Stübner played in 29 European games with the club, scoring two goals.

paragraph: Jörg Stübner played in 47 games for the East German national football team. He made his debut during a World-Cup qualification match against Luxembourg on 17 November 1984 in Esch-sur-Alzette. His final game came on 12 September 1990 in a 2–0 win over Belgium in Brussels – the last game ever played by East Germany. As well as 30 friendly matches, Stübner also played in 12 World Cup and 5 UEFA European Championship qualifying matches, as well as playing in the 1986 and 1990 FIFA World Cups, and the 1988 UEFA Euro 1988 tournaments. His only goal came on 13 April 1988 in a 1–1 friendly draw against Bulgaria in Burgas.

paragraph: After reunification, Stübner played in just five Bundesliga games with Dresden, before returning to amateur football; playing for FC Sachsen Leipzig, FC Neubrandenburg and SV Eresburg Obermarsberg, and never making an appearance for the reunified German national team. After struggling to hold down a first-team place in the depths of the amateur league, he developed financial problems and turned to alcoholism – eventually resulting in a suicide attempt.

paragraph: During Ulf Kirsten's testimonial match in November 2003 in Dresden's Dynamo-Stadion, Stübner scored his last ever goal in the stadium he spent so much of his career.

paragraph: In 2004, he told Bild, "If the reunification of Germany never happened, I would have a family, kids and a coaching position."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vom langsamen Verschwinden des Fußballers Jörg Stübner" – Article on Stübner in the "Berliner Zeitung", 14 November 2003

description: German footballer

wikidata_label: Jörg Stübner

wikipedia_title: Jörg Stübner


text:
Puck
Judge
Daily Graphic
Cambridge, Illinois
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts
Art Students League of New York
paresis

categories: 1905 deaths,Artists from Illinois,People from Cambridge, Illinois,1866 births,American caricaturists,American editorial cartoonists

paragraph: Louis Dalrymple

paragraph: Louis Dalrymple (January 19, 1866 – December 28, 1905) was an American cartoonist, known for his caricatures in publications such as "Puck", "Judge", and the New York "Daily Graphic". Born in Cambridge, Illinois, he studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and the Art Students League of New York, and in 1885 became the chief cartoonist of the "Daily Graphic". He died in 1905 of paresis in a New York sanitarium.

description: American illustrator, caricaturist and cartoonist

wikidata_label: Louis Dalrymple

wikipedia_title: Louis Dalrymple


text: Principality of Orange

text: Council of Two Hundred

text: Gabriel Cramer

text: Charles Bonnet

text: Gabriel Cramer

text: Jean-Louis Calandrini

text: Jean-Robert Tronchin

text: Encyclopédie

text: Diderot

text: J. Paul Getty Museum

categories: Scientists from the Republic of Geneva,18th century in Geneva,18th-century mathematicians,Contributors to the Encyclopédie (1751–72),People from Geneva,1714 births,People from Berlin

paragraph: Charles-Benjamin de Lubières

paragraph: Charles-Benjamin de Langes de Montmirail, baron de Lubières, 1714, Berlin – 1 June 1790, was a Genevan mathematician.

paragraph: Charles-de Lubières Benjamin was the son of François de Lange de Montmirail de Lubières (1664–1720) and Marie Calandrini (1677–1762) from Geneva. In 1703, the father left the Principality of Orange. He first fled to Geneva then to Berlin.

paragraph: In 1732, he became a citizen of Geneva, and later gouverneur de Neuchâtel and in 1752, a member of the Council of Two Hundred (). 22 October 1764, he married Genève Olympe Camp (1709-1785) in Geneva.

paragraph: Lubières is the author of "Éloge du mathématicien Gabriel Cramer", "Relation de voyage en Italie", extracts from "Essai analytique sur les facultés de l'âme, by Charles Bonnet" and "Considérations sur les corps organisés".

paragraph: Lubières was a member of the Société des Gens de Lettres de Genève together with the mathematician and philosopher Gabriel Cramer, Jean-Louis Calandrini (1703-1758) and the attorney general Jean-Robert Tronchin (1710-1793).

paragraph: He wrote the articles "Probabilité", "Idée", "Induction" for the "Encyclopédie" by Diderot.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Albert Choisy, Louis Théophile Dufour-Vernes et al., "Recueil généalogique suisse", t. 1, Genève, A. Jullien, 1902, (p. 309).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laurence-Isaline Stahl-Gretsch: "Rousseau et les Savants Genevois." Musée d’histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève (2012) p. 30, accessdate 20 August 2016 (PDF; 3,9 MB)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Portrait of Charles Benjamin de Langes de Montmirail, Baron de Lubières on J. Paul Getty Museum

description: Genevan mathematician and writer

wikidata_label: Charles-Benjamin de Lubières

wikipedia_title: Charles-Benjamin de Lubières


text:
Blessed
Italian
Roman Catholic
Third Order of Saint Francis
nun
Blessed Angelo Carletti
Pope Gregory XVI
Brescia
nun
Gospel
God
convent
Blessed Angelo Carletti
Franciscan
priest
Milan
Alessandria
Asti
Turin
Third Order of Saint Francis
winter
Yolande
Duke Charles I
Bianca di Monferrato
Saint Francis of Assisi
Chieri
Cuneo
fever
Binasco
Milan
Eucharist
Pope Gregory XVI
Catholic.net

categories: Beatifications by Pope Gregory XVI,Italian beatified people,1463 births,People from Brescia,Italian Franciscans,15th-century Italian people,16th-century venerated Christians,15th-century Roman Catholics,Franciscan beatified people,Italian nobility,16th-century Roman Catholics,1515 deaths,Italian Roman Catholics,15th-century venerated Christians,Members of the Third Order of Saint Francis,16th-century Italian people

paragraph: Paola Gambara Costa

paragraph: Blessed Paola Gambara Costa (3 March 1463 - 24 January 1515) was an Italian Roman Catholic professed member of the Third Order of Saint Francis. She was born to nobles and married in 1475 to the nobleman Lodovico Antonio Costa - and had one child - who soon acquired a mistress and chastised her for her generous nature towards the poor and ill. Her husband later repented and died leaving her widowed and she died not long after this.

paragraph: Gambara desired to become a nun but complied with the desire of her parents to embrace marriage and so dedicated herself to serving her husband while at the same time learning to detest his excessive lavishness and the pomp of his noble court. Her friend and confessor was Blessed Angelo Carletti whom she and her husband later attributed the latter's cure to.

paragraph: Her beatification received formal confirmation from Pope Gregory XVI on 14 August 1845 after the latter ratified that there existed a spontaneous and enduring local 'cultus' - or longstanding and popular veneration.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Paola Gambara Costa was born on 3 March 1463 in Brescia as the first of seven children to the nobles Giampaolo Gambara and Taddea Caterina Martinengo. Her following siblings included:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marietta - later a nun

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ippolita - a mother of fourteen children

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laura - a widow who dedicated herself to the care of the ill

paragraph: BULLET::::- Federico

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lodovico

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maddalena

paragraph: In her childhood she delighted in spiritual reading and reflection on the Gospel and harbored an ardent desire to become a nun later in life. But this dream was cut short when her parents decided to arrange her marriage to Count Lodovico Antonio Costa - the Lord of Benasco - and she saw this as the will of God manifesting itself and so complied with the wishes of her parents. Her confessor prior to her marriage was Father Andrea da Quinzano of the Sant'Apollonio convent in Brescia. The marriage came about after Count Bongiovanni Costa visited her parents and was struck with her virtue and so wanted her as his nephew Lodovico Antonio's wife. Her decision to be a nun concerned the count who sent her to Blessed Angelo Carletti - a Franciscan priest - who persuaded her that marriage was a call from God to embrace a different kind of life still in accordance with Christian values.

paragraph: The pair married in autumn 1485 and the pair travelled to the small Benasco province for the ensuring celebrations. She endured her new husband's expensive tastes seeing it as her role to be faithful to him even if she did not live the excessive luxuries. In spring 1486 the couple visited Milan and Alessandria before setting off for Asti. The two also visited Turin where the duke received them. Her confessor around this time was Father Crescenzio Morra from Bene though she later reconnected with Carletti who became her friend and spiritual advisor as well as a confessor. Carletti kept her on the path of virtue and advised her to enroll in the Third Order of Saint Francis while learning to appreciate the poor and to detest the lavishness of the secular world. She joined in 1491 with the permission of her husband. Gambara often deprived herself of food in order to bring it to the sick and on one occasion took off her shoes and gave it to an old woman who walked barefoot over ice and snow on one occasion during winter.

paragraph: Gambara also became the godmother of Yolande in 1487 who was the daughter of Duke Charles I and Bianca di Monferrato. In 1488 she gave birth to her sole child Giovanni Francesco and named him in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi. To mark this occasion she managed to persuade her husband to distribute large amounts of food to the poor of their area.

paragraph: Her actions soon vexed her husband who reproached her for her conduct and ridiculed her in front of their servants and the servants followed their master's example and joined in ridiculing their mistress. Costa soon acquired a mistress - the daughter of the Podestà of Carrù - and he allowed her to live in the castle in 1494 even though Gambara resided there. In 1495 her son left for Chieri for his education and Father Carletti died on 11 April 1495. She attended his funeral in Cuneo - he died at the convent of Sant'Antonio - but fell ill there. Following this she suffered strong migraines. In 1500 she reunited with her parents and siblings when she returned to her hometown on a brief visit. In 1504 the mistress fell ill with abdominal pains and it was Gambara who comforted her and forgave her as she died. Also in 1504 her son - now a page - returned to his home and a grand banquet was celebrated for him.

paragraph: Her husband later repented and approved her good works and also consented to her wearing the habit of her order in public. Costa became ill in 1504 and she began to tend to him. The two travelled to Cuneo to ask for the intercession of her former confessor Carletti and when her husband was healed attributed the healing to him - Costa celebrated a banquet in commemoration of this and undertook a pilgrimage to the priest's grave in thanksgiving with his wife at his side. This was short-lived for her husband died not long after in 1504.

paragraph: On 14 January 1515 she was struck with an extreme fever that caused her great pain and she died on 24 January 1515 in the town of Binasco in Milan after having confessed and received the Eucharist for the final time.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: Her beatification received formal ratification on 14 August 1845 once Pope Gregory XVI issued a decree that recognized that there existed an enduring and longstanding local 'cultus' - otherwise known as popular veneration and devotion - that endured through the centuries after her death and was a spontaneous devotion rather than something that evolved over time.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic.net

wikidata_label: Paola Gambara Costa

wikipedia_title: Paola Gambara Costa


text:
field hockey
Dutch national team
2016 Summer Olympics
Netherlands
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
national team
2015 European Championship

categories: Sportspeople from Rotterdam,Olympic field hockey players of the Netherlands,Field hockey players at the 2016 Summer Olympics,1988 births,Dutch male field hockey players,Male field hockey defenders,Living people

paragraph: Hidde Turkstra

paragraph: Hidde Turkstra (; born 5 March 1988) is a Dutch former field hockey player who played as a defender for the Dutch national team.

paragraph: He participated at the 2016 Summer Olympics. and he played club hockey in the Netherlands for Rotterdam and Victoria.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Turkstra started playing hockey at Rotterdam and in 2005 he switched to Victoria. Where he made his debut in the senior team. In 2009 he returned to Rotterdam, where he played for ten seasons until he retired in 2019.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Turkstra made his debut for the national team on 5 June 2013. He was a part of the Dutch squad which won the 2015 European Championship. After he played in the 2016 Summer Olympics he announced his retirement from the national team.

description: Dutch field hockey player

wikidata_label: Hidde Turkstra

wikipedia_title: Hidde Turkstra


text:
2016 Summer Olympics
Rio de Janeiro
men's K-4 1000 metres

categories: Olympic canoeists of Spain,Canoeists at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Spanish male canoeists,1991 births,Living people

paragraph: Óscar Carrera

paragraph: Óscar Carrera (born 9 May 1991) is a Spanish sprint canoer.

paragraph: He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's K-4 1000 metres.

wikidata_label: Óscar Carrera

wikipedia_title: Óscar Carrera


text: Genevan

text: encyclopédiste

text: Edict of Fontainebleau

text: Ferdinand Berthoud

text: Journal de Paris

text: Encyclopédie

text: watchmaking

text: Jean-Edme Romilly

text: Cavaignac

text: E. Haag

text: Jean Romilly

text: Dictionnaire des journalistes

categories: 18th century in Geneva,Contributors to the Encyclopédie (1751–72),Clockmakers from the Republic of Geneva,People from Geneva,1714 births,Male journalists,Writers from the Republic of Geneva,1796 deaths

paragraph: Jean Romilly

paragraph: Jean Romilly (27 June 1714 – 16 February 1796) was an 18th-century Genevan watchmaker, journalist and encyclopédiste.

paragraph: Born in a family which took refuge in Geneva following the Edict of Fontainebleau, Romilly became known by various improvements he made to his art. He realized, among other remarkable works, a watch that could go a whole year without being winded, but he left Ferdinand Berthoud the honor to give his invention the required degree of accuracy.

paragraph: Romilly was one of the founders of the "Journal de Paris" in 1777, and one editor of the "Encyclopédie" by Diderot and d’Alembert, to which he contributed articles on the theoretical part of watchmaking. His manuscripts contain an incredible number of spelling and punctuation mistakes.

paragraph: His son, theologian Jean-Edme Romilly also collaborated with the "Encyclopédie". His daughter, Jeanne, was general Cavaignac's grandmother.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. Haag, "La France protestante", t. 8, Paris, Joël Cherbuliez, 1858, (p. 513).

paragraph: BULLET::::- G. H. Baillie: "Watchmakers and Clockmakers of the World." (1929) Reprint Read Books, 2006, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kathleen H. Pritchard: "Swiss Timepiece Makers 1775 – 1975." Phoenix-Verlag, USA. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- R.A. Leigh (Ed.): "Correspondance complète de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." 52 vol. 1965–1998.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Romilly's contributions to the Encyclopédie on Wikidource

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Romilly on Dictionnaire des journalistes

description: Genevan journalist, writer and watchmaker

wikidata_label: Jean Romilly

wikipedia_title: Jean Romilly


text: Anglican priest

text: restaurateur

text: television chef

text: cookbook

text: Otane

text: Hawke's Bay

text: St Barnabas

text: 2012 New Year Honours

categories: Cookbook writers,New Zealand television chefs,New Zealand Anglican priests,New Zealand radio personalities,New Zealand restaurateurs,People from the Hawke's Bay Region,1939 births,Living people

paragraph: Des Britten

paragraph: Sir Desmond John Britten (born 1939) is an Anglican priest and former restaurateur, radio broadcaster, television chef and cookbook writer in New Zealand.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Britten was born in Otane in the Hawke's Bay. He presented two cooking shows on New Zealand television in the 1970s — "Thyme for Cookery" and "Bon Appetit" — and ran "The Coachman"' restaurant in Wellington for 28 years. He also worked as a radio presenter.

paragraph: Britten was ordained an Anglican priest in 1983 and became the vicar of St Barnabas Roseneath, in Wellington. He was then head of the Wellington City Mission from 1984 to 2011. Following his retirement, he was made a Canon Emeritus in the Wellington diocese and was named the 2011 "Wellingtonian of the Year".

paragraph: In 1995, Britten received the Restaurant Association of New Zealand's Hall of Fame Award. In the 2012 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the community.

paragraph: Section::::Books.

paragraph: Britten has written a number of cookbooks, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cooking with Des Britten". Wilson and Horton, Auckland (1971).

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Thyme for cookery". Hicks Smith, Wellington (1973).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Des Britten cookbook". Woolworths, Auckland (1977).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gourmet cooking for babies". Reed Methuen, Auckland (1987).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Des Britten's foodie fables & other just desserts". Grantham House, Wellington (1996).

description: New Zealand restaurateur, celebrity chef and Anglican priest

wikidata_label: Des Britten

wikipedia_title: Des Britten


text: Kushans

text: c.

text: Yuezhi

text: Bactria

text: Kujula Kadphises

text: Joe Cribb

text: Greco-Bactrian

text: Hermaios Soter

text: Hellenistic

text: Nike

text: artificial skull deformation

text: Kushan Empire coins

text: Coins of Heraios

text: Catalogue of Heraios coins

paragraph: Heraios

paragraph: Heraios (sometimes Heraus, Heraos, Miaos) was apparently a king or clan chief of the Kushans (reign: c. 1 –30 CE), one of the five constituent tribes of the Yuezhi, in Bactria, during in the early 1st century CE.

paragraph: Some scholars question his existence as a separate historical figure and suggest that "Heraios" may have been another name for his nominal successor Kujula Kadphises. For example, numismatist Joe Cribb points out the similarity of coins minted by Kujula to those of a Greco-Bactrian predecessor named Hermaios Soter (or Hermaeus Soter). Moreover, some portraits of Kujula resemble Hermaios, suggesting that Kujula may have initially reused the design of coins issued during the reign of Hermaios Soter.

paragraph: The coins bearing the name Heraios were silver and made in the Hellenistic style, using the Greek script. The reverse shows the winged Greek god of victory Nike holding out a wreath, over Heraios mounted on a horse. He wears a tunic and has a large bow on the side. Some portraits show Heraios with a marked artificial skull deformation, a characteristic of several Kushan portraits and sculptures of the 1st century CE. On some of the Heraios coins, his name has sometimes been read as ΗΛΟΥ or ΗΙΛΟΥ, which has been transliterated as "Ilou". However other readings of the same texts include "Maou" and "Miaou".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Comparison of Images of Kushans from Coins and Sculpture

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kushan Empire coins

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coins of Heraios

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalogue of Heraios coins

wikidata_label: Heraios

wikipedia_title: Heraios


text:
Kharoṣṭhī
Bopearachchi
Kushan
Yuezhi
Rabatak inscription
Kanishka I
Kushan Empire
Heraios
Indo-Scythian
Liaka Kusulaka
Patika Kusulaka
Hou Hanshu
xihou
Vima Takto
Indo-Parthian
Parthia
Gondophares
Sadaṣkaṇa
Gondophares
Abdagases
Sases
Rabatak inscription
Kanishka
Vima Taktu
Vima Kadphises
Indo-Greek
Hermaeus
Kushan
Yuezhi
Sapadbizes
Heraios
Heracles
Buddhist
Dharma
lunate sigma
Huvishka
Kanishka I
Caesar Augustus
Roman Empire
Catalogue of coins of Kujula Kadphises

categories: Kushan Empire,80 deaths,1st-century monarchs in Asia

paragraph: Kujula Kadphises

paragraph: Kujula Kadphises (Kushan language: Κοζουλου Καδφιζου, also Κοζολα Καδαφες; Kharoṣṭhī: Kujula Kasasa; Ancient Chinese: 丘就卻, "Qiujiuque"; reigned 30–80 CE, or 40-90 CE according to Bopearachchi) was a Kushan prince who united the Yuezhi confederation during the 1st century CE, and became the first Kushan emperor. According to the Rabatak inscription, he was the great grandfather of the great Kushan king Kanishka I. He is considered the founder of the Kushan Empire.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: The origins of Kujula Kadphises are quite obscure, and he is usually believed to be a descendant of the Kushan ruler Heraios, or possibly identical with him. However, Kujula shares his name (Kushan: Κοζουλου on some of his "Hermaeus" coins, or Κοζολα on his "Augustus" coins) with some of the last Indo-Scythian rulers, such as Liaka Kusulaka (Greek: "Λιακα Κοζουλο"), or his son Patika Kusulaka, which might suggest some family connection.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Chinese accounts.

paragraph: There are few contemporaneous accounts of Kujula Kadphises; since none of these texts are by Kushan authors, their accuracy and the motives of the authors may be questionable. For example, the rise of Kujula Kadphises is portrayed, in a later Chinese historical chronicle, "Hou Hanshu", as the result of a bloody civil war.[T]he prince [xihou] of Guishuang, named Qiujiuque [Kujula Kadphises], attacked and exterminated the four other princes [of the Yuezhi]. He established himself as king, and his dynasty was called that of the "Guishuang" [Kushan] King. He invaded "Anxi" [Indo-Parthia], and took the "Gaofu" [Kabul] region. He also defeated the whole of the kingdoms of "Puda" [Paktiya] and "Jibin" [Kapisha and Gandhara]. Qiujiuque was more than 80 years old when he died.

paragraph: In the process of their expansion eastward, Kujula Kadphises and his son Vima Takto (or Vema Tahktu) seem to have displaced the Indo-Parthian kingdom, established in northwestern India by the Parthian Gondophares since around 20 CE: His son, Yangaozhen [probably Vema Tahktu or, possibly, his brother Sadaṣkaṇa], became king in his place. He defeated Tianzhu [North-western India] and installed Generals to supervise and lead it. The Yuezhi then became extremely rich. All the kingdoms call [their king] the Guishuang [Kushan] king, but the Han call them by their original name, Da Yuezhi [Great Yuezhi]. The invasion of the Indo-Parthian kingdom led by Kujula Kadphises is thought to have occurred some time after 45 CE, during the reign of Gondophares's successors: Abdagases and Sases.

paragraph: Section::::History.:Genealogy according to the Rabatak inscription.

paragraph: The connection of Kujula with other Kushan rulers is described in the Rabatak inscription, discovered in Rbatak, Afghanistan some years ago, which was written by Kanishka. Kanishka makes the list of the kings who ruled up to his time: Kujula Kadphises as his great-grandfather, Vima Taktu as his grandfather, Vima Kadphises as his father, and himself Kanishka:

paragraph: And he [Kanishka] gave orders to make images of the same, (namely) of these gods who are written herein, and he gave orders to make (them) for these kings: for King Kujula Kadphises (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King Vima Kadphises (his) father, and for himself, King Kanishka.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.

paragraph: Most of Kujula's coins were Hellenic or Roman in inspiration. Some coins used the portrait, name and title of the Indo-Greek king Hermaeus on the obverse, indicating Kujula's wish to relate himself to the Indo-Greek king. Since the Kushans and their predecessors the Yuezhi were conversant with the Greek language and Greek coinage, the adoption of Hermaeus cannot have been accidental: it either expressed a filiation of Kujula Kadphises to Hermaeus by alliance (possibly through Sapadbizes or Heraios), or simply a wish to show himself as heir to the Indo-Greek tradition and prestige, possibly to accommodate Greek populations. These coins bear the name of Kujula Kadphises in Kharoṣṭhī, with representations of the Greek demi-god Heracles on the back, and titles ("Yavugasa") presenting Kujula as a "ruler" (not actual king), and a probable Buddhist ("Dharmathidasa", follower of the Dharma). Later coins, possibly posthumous, did describe Kujula as "Maharajasa", or "Great King".

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.:Greek script.

paragraph: The Greek script on the coins of Kujula (and all the Kushans with him) is barbarized. For example, ΣΤΗΡΟΣΣΥ on his Hermaeus coins is thought to be a deformation of ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ (Sotiros), the traditional title of Hermaeus on his coins. The Greek word for "king" is written ΒΑϹΙΛΕΩΣ, with both a lunate sigma (Ϲ) and a normal sigma (Σ) in the same word.

paragraph: The Kushans also added one character to the Greek script: it is the letter Ϸ, corresponding to the sound "Sh", as in "Kushan".

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.:"Buddha" coins.

paragraph: Some coins of Kujula also represent a cross-legged seated figure, formerly said to be one of the first known representations of the Buddha on a coin (Whitehead).

paragraph: Unfortunately, Whitehead's attribution of this coin to Kujula, and the claim that the seated figure on the obverse represents the Buddha, is now known to be incorrect. The correct attribution of this coin is to the Kushan king Huvishka, who was Kujula's great-great-grandson. The obverse shows Huvishka seated on a couch. The first known coins carrying a representation of the Buddha were issued by Kujula's Great-grandson (and Huvishka's father) Kanishka I.

paragraph: Section::::Coinage.:Roman-style coins.

paragraph: Some fewer coins of Kujula Kadphises also adopted a Roman style, with effigies closely resembling Caesar Augustus, although all the legends were then associated with Kujula himself. Such influences are linked to exchanges with the Roman Empire around that date.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catalogue of coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore. Vol. I Indo-Greek coins", Whitehead, Argonaut Inc. Publishers, Chicago.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hill, John E. 2004. "The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu." Draft annotated English translation.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catalogue of coins of Kujula Kadphises

wikidata_label: Kujula Kadphises

wikipedia_title: Kujula Kadphises