text:
Armenian
fedayee
Ottoman Empire
Daron
Sasun
good relations
Kurdish
Kurds
Hamidieh
hunter
Mush
Arakelots monastery's
Arabo
Aleppo
Hampartsoum Boyadjian
Sasun Resistance
Hamidian
Dashnaktsutyun
Andranik Ozanyan
Second Sasun Resistance
Serob Aghpyur
Battle of Sulukh
Ottoman army
Sulukh
Mush
Kevork Chavoush Museum
Ashnak

categories: People from Sason,1871 births,1907 deaths,Armenian fedayi,Armenian nationalists

paragraph: Kevork Chavush

paragraph: Kevork Ghazarian (; 1870 – 27 May 1907) commonly known as Kevork Chavush or Gevorg Chaush (), was an Armenian "fedayee" in the Ottoman Empire.

paragraph: Kevork Chavush was a legendary fedayee whose main goal was to ameliorate the plight of the Armenian peasantry in the face of harassment by marauding Turks and Kurds. To this end, he advocated armed resistance. Chavush's extraordinary daring and valor inspired his men as he led the resistance in the region of Daron-Sasun from 1904 until 1907, when he was killed in battle. Kevork Chavush was known to have good relations with some Kurdish leaders of the region. He would openly meet and dine with them and at the same time, try to persuade them to not obey orders by the Sultan, who had hired the Kurds as part of his Hamidieh guards. This was in vain as the Kurds ended up not joining the Armenian revolutionaries. Kevork Chavush, is called "the man with the dagger who was always ready to punish those who molested the defenseless people."

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Kevork Chavush was born to a family of hunters in Sasun, in the village of Mktink in the Bsanats region. He received his education in Mush's Arakelots monastery's school. He left school to join Arabo, a leading fedayee at the time. After Arabo was arrested, Chavush tracked down Arabo's traitor and assassinated him. From 1885 to 1888, he travelled to and found residence in Aleppo. He worked to raise enough money to buy a rifle. He returned to Taron in 1890 to join his friend Hampartsoum Boyadjian's group of Armenian fighters with the aim to defend Armenian-populated villages from Hamidian persecutions.

paragraph: Section::::Sasun Resistance and death.

paragraph: In 1894, he participated in the Sasun Resistance against the Hamidian persecution of Armenians. During the battle, Chavush was captured and sentenced to jail for 15 years. He managed to escape from jail 2 years later and fled to the mountains of Sasun, where he joined the Dashnaktsutyun political party with friends and pursued revolutionary movement against Turkish officials. In 1896, he met Andranik Ozanyan and participated in various battles, most notable the Second Sasun Resistance in 1904. During his career as a freedom fighter, he was also placed under the command of Serob Aghpyur. During this time, Kevork Chavush's uncle ran into trouble with the guerrillas when he nabbed a woman from a different Armenian village. The case was brought upon Serob Aghbyur who subsequently turned to Chavush and said "Kevork, your uncle is the guilty one, you decide upon his fate" (). Chavush executed his kidnapping uncle but suffered from a severe depression afterwards and isolated himself in order to grieve the loss of his uncle.

paragraph: Kevork Chavush was critically wounded on 25 May 1907 during a large firefight at the Battle of Sulukh with the Ottoman army in Sulukh, Mush and which forced him to escape the fighting. Two days later his body was found in Kyosabin-Bashin on 27 May under a bridge. Kevork Chavush remained a leading Armenian guerrilla until his death. To the Armenian people he is a symbol of pride and hope for Armenia to be free and independent from foreign rule. He is considered a great hero to the Armenian nation and her national movement. Chavush was buried in the Armenian cemetery of Kogh.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The Kevork Chavoush Museum is located int the village of Ashnak. Additionally, he has a song made in his honor.

description: Armenian fedayi

wikidata_label: Kevork Chavush

wikipedia_title: Kevork Chavush


text:
Ravenna
da Polenta
Guido III da Polenta
Aldobrandino
Republic of Venice
Este
Ferrara
Carraresi
ducats
podestà
Ostasio

categories: Assassins of heads of state,Medieval assassins,15th-century Italian people,Year of birth unknown,1431 deaths,Da Polenta family,Italian assassins,14th-century Italian people

paragraph: Obizzo da Polenta

paragraph: Obizzo da Polenta (died January 30, 1431) was a lord of Ravenna of the da Polenta family.

paragraph: Obizzo and his brothers had their father Guido III da Polenta imprisoned in 1389. However, all his brothers died in sequence (probably assassinated by him) in the following years; when also Aldobrandino died in 1406, Obizzo managed to gain the undisputed power in Ravenna.

paragraph: In 1404 he signed a treaty with the much stronger neighbour, the Republic of Venice, by which he received help against the Este of Ferrara, in exchange of help in the Venetian war against the Carraresi. Obizzo was imprisoned during the latter campaign, being freed after payment of 8,000 ducats. In 1406 he asked Venice to send a "podestà" in Ravenna as protection for him and his sons; in exchange, the Ravennate lands would go to Venice in the event of the childless death of a Polentani.

paragraph: He died in 1431, succeeded by his son Ostasio under the Venetian regency. However, when Ostasio abandoned the alliance with Venice, the latter ousted him and annexed Ravenna.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: br

description: Lord of Ravenna

wikidata_label: Obizzo da Polenta

wikipedia_title: Obizzo da Polenta


text:
fl.
Roman
senator
Principate
consul
Gaius Junius Silanus
Arch of Dolabella
Porta Caelimontana
Rome
Nero
aqueduct
Caelian Hill
Africa
Tacfarinas
patrician
Cornelii
Tacitus
Publius Quinctilius Varus
Ronald Syme
Publius Cornelius Dolabella
Cicero
Publius Cornelius Dolabella
Sulpicia Galbilla
Publius Cornelius Dolabella
septemviri epulones
sodales Titensis
Augustus
Dalmatia
Tiberius
Lucius Volusius Saturninus
Gaius Silius
Julius Florus
Aeduan
Julius Sacrovir
ovation
majestas
proconsul
Africa
Blaesus
imperator
Ptolemy
Juba II
Khamisa
Teboursouk
Sour el-Ghozlane
Algiers
Chott el Jerid
Publius Quinctilius Varus
treason or maiestas

categories: Roman governors of Dalmatia,1st-century BC births,1st-century Romans,Roman governors of Africa,Imperial Roman consuls,1st-century deaths

paragraph: Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 10)

paragraph: Publius Cornelius Dolabella (fl. 10–c.28 AD) was a Roman senator active during the Principate. He was consul in AD 10 with Gaius Junius Silanus as his colleague. Dolabella is known for having reconstructed the Arch of Dolabella (perhaps formerly the Porta Caelimontana) in Rome in AD 10, together with his co-consul Junius Silanus. Later, Nero used it for his aqueduct to the Caelian Hill.

paragraph: In 24 he was appointed proconsul of the province of Africa (modern Tunisia), supposedly pacified after ten years of insurgency. This turned out to be far from the case and Dolabella was pressed hard. Despite only having half the number of soldiers of his predecessor Dolabella conceived an effective strategy. He eventually forced the insurgents to battle, slew their leader, Tacfarinas, and brought the conflict to a final conclusion. He then initiated the conversion of the Tunisian grasslands to arable fields, which were to be the breadbasket of Rome for centuries to come.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Dolabella was a member of a patrician branch of the gens Cornelii. Tacitus provides us with the hint that he was the son of Quinctilia, a sister of the Roman politician and general Publius Quinctilius Varus, and a Publius Cornelius Dolabella; however, authorities differ over which Dolabella was his father. In his book "The Augustan Aristocracy", Ronald Syme identifies the father with Publius Cornelius Dolabella, consul in 44 BC and son-in-law of Cicero. At the time, he was the only Cornelius Dolabella known to fit. However, since the publication of Syme's book, a new fragment of the "Fasti Tauromenium" has been recovered which attests to another one: Publius Cornelius Dolabella, suffect consul in 35 BC. Patrick Tansey provides several arguments that favour identifying the consul of 35 BC as the father of the consul of AD 10. The younger Dolabella married Sulpicia Galbilla, and their son was Publius Cornelius Dolabella, consul in 55.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Dolabella served as consul from January to June 10 AD with Gaius Junius Silanus. Around the time he held the consulate Cornelius Dolabella was co-opted into two Roman priesthoods, the "septemviri epulones" and the "sodales Titensis".

paragraph: When the emperor Augustus died in 14, Dolabella was governor of Dalmatia. Augustus' successor Tiberius, as came to be habitual, delayed the end of Dolabella's tenure to 19 or 20; the next governor of Dalmatia, Lucius Volusius Saturninus, found himself delayed in the office until after Tiberius died in the year 37.

paragraph: Once back in Rome, Dolabella is recorded as twice making excessively sycophantic proposals that Tiberius rejected. The first was in the year 21, following Gaius Silius' suppression of a rebellion of Gaulish debtors led by Julius Florus and the Aeduan Julius Sacrovir. Dolabella proposed that Tiberius return from Campania and enter Rome with an ovation for the victory. Tiberius rejected the proposal with an angry letter, stating that he was not so destitute of renown as to covet the meaningless honor of a tour of the neighborhood of Rome. The second was in the following year, when his colleague in the consulship, Junius Silanus, was condemned for "majestas". Dolabella proposed an inquiry into the morals of provincial magistrates with Tiberius as the judge. Tiberius rejected this proposal on the basis that a crime should always precede any punishment.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Africa.

paragraph: Dolabella was awarded the proconsular governorship of Africa for AD 23–24. The previous proconsul had been Blaesus, the uncle of Sejanus, Tiberius' commander of the Praetorian Guard and trusted right-hand man. His main concern had been combatting the 10 year uprising led by Tacfarinus, a Numidian Berber and deserter from the Roman army. After a war of attrition Blaesus' campaign achieved its crowning success in AD 22, when his men captured Tacfarinas' brother. Tiberius accepted this as marking the end of the war. He granted Blaesus the rare privilege of adopting the honorary title of "imperator", "victorious general", the last time this was accorded to a person outside the imperial house, and the third awarded for defeating Tacfarinas. When Blaesus returned to Rome at the end of his term in 23, he was also accorded triumphal honours. The emperor ordered the withdrawal of the 9th legion from Africa, confident that it was no longer needed. But Tacitus suggests that Blaesus and Tiberius were being over-optimistic about the situation, given that Tacfarinas himself was still at large with a substantial following.

paragraph: The Romans were soon disabused of their complacency. Tacfarinas' great strength was that there was an inexhaustible supply of would-be raiders among the desert tribes. So even if he lost many of his followers in encounters with the Romans, which he frequently did, he could rapidly reconstitute his raiding-bands. Moreover, Tacfarinas now started posing as the leader of a war of national liberation. He used the news of the withdrawal of half the Roman garrison to spread rumours that the empire was crumbling due to native revolts in its other regions, forcing the Romans to run down their forces in Africa. He claimed that the remaining garrison could be overcome, and Numidia permanently freed, by a concerted effort of all Numidians. His propaganda was highly effective and large numbers of Mauri warriors joined him, turning their backs on their young pro-Roman king, Ptolemy, who had recently succeeded his father, Juba II. In addition, many Libyphoenician peasants, the poorest stratum of African society, abandoned their fields and joined the insurgents. Tacfarinas also received "deniable" assistance from the king of the Garamantes, who, although officially allied with Rome, was making handsome profits as receiver of Tacfarinas' plunder and consequently made little effort to prevent substantial numbers of his warriors from joining the insurgents. Given the emergency, Dolabella would have been justified in requesting the postponement of the 9th Legion's imminent departure, but he did not dare to confront Tiberius with the grim reality of the situation in Africa.

paragraph: By the start of the 24 campaign-season, Tacfarinas felt strong enough to lay siege to the Roman strong-point of Thubuscum (Khamisa, Algeria or Teboursouk, Tunisia). Dolabella hurriedly assembled all his available troops and rushed to raise the siege. As usual, the Numidians proved unable to withstand the Roman infantry charge and were routed by the first assault; they fled westwards into Mauretania. Dolabella now embarked on an all-out effort to hunt down the ever-elusive Tacfarinas, as it was evident that, unless its leader was eliminated, the insurgency would never end. The proconsul summoned assistance from Ptolemy, in whose kingdom Tacfarinas had taken refuge, and who supplied large numbers of the Mauri horsemen who had remained loyal to him. Thus reinforced, Dolabella divided his force into four divisions advancing in parallel to cover as much territory as possible, with the allied cavalry acting as scouts, criss-crossing between the main columns.

paragraph: These tactics soon paid off, as the crucial intelligence was obtained that Tacfarinas had established a camp near the half-ruined fort of "Auzea" (Sour el-Ghozlane, south-east of Algiers), which Tacfarinas' men had themselves previously burnt down. Well to the west of the Roman province, the site was surrounded by extensive forests. Tacfarinas evidently discounted the possibility that the Romans could discover his location, as he apparently failed to post a screen of sentries in the woods. Dolabella immediately despatched a strike-force of lightly-armed infantry and Numidian cavalry. They approached Tacfarinas' camp unobserved, under cover of the woods and the pre-dawn darkness. At dawn the Romans attacked the camp in full battle-order as the disorganised Numidians scrambled to pick up their weapons and to find their horses. The complete surprise resulted in a massacre, made all the bloodier by the Romans' lust for revenge after years of humiliation. Acting on strict orders the Roman centurions directed their men against Tacfarinas himself. The latter and his entourage were soon surrounded by overwhelming numbers and in a fierce fight his bodyguards were killed and his son taken prisoner. Recognising that there was no possibility of escape, Tacfarinas impaled himself on the massed spears of his assailants.

paragraph: The death of Tacfarinas put an end to Musulamii hopes of halting the Roman takeover of their traditional grazing lands. Dolabella launched the registration of the whole plateau for tax purposes immediately after Tacfarinas' demise and completed it by 29 or 30, as evidenced by the stone markers laid down by the Roman surveyors, some of which survive to this day. The surveyors reach as far as the Chott el Jerid on the province's southern border. The region was largely turned to grain production and the Musulamii and other tribes permanently excluded from their former grazing areas.

paragraph: Dolabella applied to the Senate for triumphal honours. His motion was voted down at the behest of Tiberius, despite the fact that arguably Dolabella deserved the accolade more than any of his three predecessors; unlike them, he had actually brought the war to an end by eliminating its instigator. Tacitus suggests that the reason was Sejanus' concern that his uncle's glory should not be diminished by comparison. Doubtless Tiberius' embarrassment that the war had flared up again after he had declared it won also played a part.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life.

paragraph: Tacitus mentions Dolabella twice more in the surviving portions of his "Annales". In 28 Dolabella joined in the prosecution of his cousin Publius Quinctilius Varus. It is not known what Varus was charged with, but it may have been treason or maiestas. The outcome of the case is unknown, but the absence of his family from history makes it likely that he was either condemned or committed suicide. The date of his death is not recorded.

description: Roman consul in 10 CE

wikidata_label: Publius Cornelius Dolabella

wikipedia_title: Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 10)


text:
Duchess of Brittany
suo jure
Charles of Blois
House of Montfort
War of the Breton Succession
Countess of Penthièvre
Guy, Count of Penthièvre
Duke John III
War of the Breton Succession
John of Montfort
Duke Arthur II
Yolande of Dreux
Charles of Blois
Conflans

categories: Counts of Penthièvre,1384 deaths,1319 births,14th-century peers of France,Duchesses of Brittany,Royalty and nobility with disabilities,14th-century women rulers,14th-century French women,House of Dreux

paragraph: Joan, Duchess of Brittany

paragraph: Joan of Penthièvre or Joan "the Lame (in French Jeanne de Penthièvre, Jeanne "la Boiteuse) (c.1319 – 10 September 1384) reigned as Duchess of Brittany "suo jure" together with her husband Charles of Blois between 1341 and 1364. Her ducal claims were contested by the House of Montfort, which prevailed only after an extensive civil war, the War of the Breton Succession. After the war, Joan remained titular Duchess of Brittany to her death. She was Countess of Penthièvre in her own right throughout her life.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Joan was the only daughter of Guy, Count of Penthièvre, brother of Duke John III, and Jeanne d'Avaugour. Through her father she became Countess of Penthièvre in her own right, and established her ducal claims.

paragraph: Section::::War of the Breton Succession.

paragraph: Joan was one of the protagonists of the War of the Breton Succession. The issue of succession to the ducal crown would involve the issue of whether a child could, regardless of gender, claim the right of "representation" of a deceased parent — in which case Joan would inherit her father's rights as the second brother of the late duke — or whether the next eldest male heir in a partially collineal line outranked all others. In the Breton succession, the collateral claimant was Joan's half-uncle John of Montfort, born from the second marriage of Duke Arthur II to Yolande of Dreux. John III had been alienated from Yolande, his stepmother, and sought to prevent his half-brother from succeeding him, including an abortive attempt to annul his father's second marriage and so render his half-siblings illegitimate.

paragraph: In 1337, Joan married Charles of Blois in Paris. In 1341, on the death of John III, the couple assumed the rule of the duchy of Brittany, Charles having been granted permission to perform homage by King Philip VI by the "arrêt" of Conflans on 7 September 1341. They appeared to be supported by most of the local nobility and administration. However, John of Montfort did not agree to let go of his own rights, and war ensued.

alias:
Joan of Penthièvre
Joan the Lame
Joan of Penthievre

description: French duchess

wikidata_label: Joan, Duchess of Brittany

wikipedia_title: Joan, Duchess of Brittany


text:
Breton
French
duke of Brittany
Earl of Richmond
Arthur II
Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland
Charles of Valois
Margaret of Naples
Isabella of Castile
Joan of Savoy
John of Montfort
Joanna of Dreux
Charles of Blois
Breton War of Succession
House of Blois
House of Montfort
Hundred Years' War
Dukes of Brittany family tree
Inquisition Post Mortem

categories: 14th-century peers of France,1286 births,1341 deaths,Earls of Richmond (1268),Dukes of Brittany,House of Dreux

paragraph: John III, Duke of Brittany

paragraph: John III "the Good" (in Breton "Yann III", in French "Jean III"; 8 March 128630 April 1341) was duke of Brittany, from 1312 to his death and 5th Earl of Richmond from 1334 to his death. He was the son of Duke Arthur II and Mary of Limoges, his first wife. John was strongly opposed to his father's second marriage to Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland and attempted to contest its legality.

paragraph: In 1297, John was married to his first wife Isabella of Valois, eldest daughter of Charles of Valois and his first wife Margaret of Naples. At the time of their marriage John was eleven years old and his bride five. Isabella died childless in 1309. In 1310, John married his second wife, Isabella of Castile. Isabella died childless in 1328.

paragraph: In 1329, John married his third wife, Joan of Savoy. He predeceased his third wife by three years and died childless. He was unwilling to cede the Duchy to his half-brother, John of Montfort, son of his hated step-mother Yolande. He wished to leave the Duchy to the French king, but his nobles objected. The marriage of his niece Joanna of Dreux to Charles of Blois gave Charles a plausible claim to the Duchy, but the matter was unresolved at John's death.

paragraph: After his death, John de Montfort claimed his rights as duke, but the French king supported the Blois faction, and the Breton War of Succession (1341–1364) was triggered. The Breton Civil War was fought between the House of Blois and the House of Montfort. It became part of the Hundred Years' War, as England supported the Montfort faction, which won, against the House of Blois, which was supported by France.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dukes of Brittany family tree

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inquisition Post Mortem #355, dated 1341.

description: Duke of Brittany

wikidata_label: John III, Duke of Brittany

wikipedia_title: John III, Duke of Brittany


text:
Nippon Sport Science University
Fukushima United FC
2018 season
Thespakusatsu Gunma
Profile at J. League
Profile at Fukushima United FC

categories: Fukushima United FC players,Japanese footballers,J3 League players,Nippon Sport Science University alumni,1996 births,Association football people from Tokyo,Association football midfielders,Living people

paragraph: Yuji Wakasa

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: After attending the Nippon Sport Science University, Wakasa chose to sign for Fukushima United FC in December 2017. He immediately found space in the starting eleven in the opening game of 2018 season against Thespakusatsu Gunma.

paragraph: Section::::Club statistics.

paragraph: "Updated to 22 August 2018".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at J. League

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile at Fukushima United FC

description: Japanese footballer

wikidata_label: Yuji Wakasa

wikipedia_title: Yuji Wakasa


text: count

text: Nassau

text: Rupert III of Nassau

text: Leiningen

text: Walram I of Nassau

text: canon

text: Saint Peter

text: Mainz

text: Family tree of the House of Nassau

paragraph: Herman, Count of Nassau

paragraph: Herman of Nassau, († 16 July before 1206), was count of Nassau. He later became a clergyman.

paragraph: Section::::Biograghy.

paragraph: Herman was the son of count Rupert III of Nassau and Elisabeth of Leiningen.

paragraph: Herman is mentioned as count of Nassau between 1190 and 1192. He ruled together with count Walram I of Nassau, his father's cousin.

paragraph: In 1192 Herman became canon of the Saint Peter at Mainz. He probably wasn't married and died without offspring.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Family tree of the House of Nassau

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medieval Lands. A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families. Nassau, compiled by Charles Cawley.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This article is translated from the corresponding article, as of 2018-08-27".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hesselfelt, H.F.J., "De oudste generaties van het Huis Nassau" in: "De Nederlandsche Leeuw, Maandblad van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Genootschap voor Geslacht- en Wapenkunde" 1965, nr. 11.

description: Count of Nassau (1190-1192)

wikidata_label: Herman of Nassau

wikipedia_title: Herman, Count of Nassau


text:
Hungarian
historical geographer
Mandatory Palestine
Hungary
Heidelberg University
Kalir
PhD
Tuzla
Marks
Palestine
Nové Zámky
First World War
Austro-Hungarian
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Vienna
Mandatory Palestine
historical geography
Palestine
Hebrew Language Committee
Jewish Palestine Exploration Society
Bukharim quarter
cemetery on the Mount of Olives
Yitzhak Ben-Zvi
William F. Albright
David Yellin
place names
Palestine
Hebrew Bible
Mishnah
Tosefta
Talmud
Josephus
epigraphic
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
JQR
Ditto
Ditto
MGWJ
Ditto
Ditto
MGWJ
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ishtori Haparchi
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
HUCA
Ditto
MGWJ
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
MGWJ
Ditto
Ditto
Rabbah the son of Bar Hana
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Itinerarium Burdigalense
Ditto
Jewish Palestine Exploration Society
Ditto
Ditto
Jewish Palestine Exploration Society
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Beth Sheʿarim
Ditto
Ditto
Bialik Institute
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
MGWJ
Ditto
Mossad Harav Kook
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Professor Samuel Klein

categories: Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives,Rabbis in Jerusalem,Topographers,Epigraphers,1886 births,Hungarian emigrants to Israel,Hungarian Jews, Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty,Palestinologists,1940 deaths,Mandatory Palestine,Historical geographers

paragraph: Samuel Klein (scholar)

paragraph: Samuel Klein (; lived 17 November 1886 – 21 April 1940) was a Hungarian-born rabbi, historian and historical geographer in Mandatory Palestine.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Hungary to Idel Hertzfeld and to Avraham Zvi Klein, a rabbi of Szilas-Balhas in western Hungary, he initially received a traditional Jewish education (1893–1897), graduating from the Government Gymnasium at Budapest in 1905. From there he went on to study at the Jewish Theological Seminary in Berlin where he was ordained in the rabbinate. From 1906–1909, he was enrolled at the Hochschule für Wissenschaft des Judentums, and in the Freidrich-Wilhelm University of Berlin, before advancing to Heidelberg University where he wrote a thesis entitled: "Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galiläas" (Leipzig 1909) (Contributions to the Geography and History of Galilee), his first important contributions to the science of Historical Topography of the Holy Land. In it, he gave an incisive analysis of the topographical and historical material preserved in the liturgical poems of Kalir, and by which novel work he received in 1909 his PhD.

paragraph: He served as a rabbi in the city of Tuzla in Bosnia from 1909–1913, during which time, in 1911, the "Association for Jewish Studies" in Berlin awarded him a research grant of 500 Marks which enabled him to conduct research in Palestine. After he had taken a wife in 1913, he then served as the rabbi of the town of Érsekújvár (Nové Zámky) (1913-1928). During the First World War, Klein was conscripted in the Austro-Hungarian army as a rabbi, and became the patron and benefactor of some 200 refugees who came to Nové Zámky in search of a new life.

paragraph: In 1924, Klein became the first professor of the newly opened "Institute of Jewish Studies", which was to form part of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1927, Klein was an instructor at the "Hebrew Pedagogical Institute" in Vienna, an institute involved in training of Hebrew teachers for the countries of Central Europe and the Balkans. In 1929 he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine where he began work as Professor of Geography of the Land of Israel at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and worked in this capacity until his death. While at the Hebrew University, Klein was chairperson of the "Historical Topography of Palestine". He is the author of many books and articles, both in Hebrew and in German, mostly treating on the subject of historical geography.

paragraph: Klein's research on the geography of the Land of Israel has helped promote a greater understanding of the map of ancient Israel / Palestine, and whose works have been incorporated in Hebrew schools in the Diaspora and in Israel.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: In Mandatory Palestine, he became a member of the Hebrew Language Committee, as well as participated in committees on Geography and Archaeology. In his final years, he served as the President of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, a consortium of British Mandate scholars. He died at the age of 53 in his home in the Bukharim quarter of Jerusalem on the eve of Passover, 1940, and was buried at the cemetery on the Mount of Olives. Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, William F. Albright, and David Yellin wrote moving eulogies of the man upon his death. In the words of Albright: "Samuel Klein represents Jewish philological research at its best; his erudition was exhaustive, covering Graeco-Roman as well as Hebrew and Aramaic sources; his critical judgment was sound and highly developed; his acumen and insight into complex historical and topographical situations were unsurpassed among specialists in the field." Klein's greatest contribution to scholastic research is his identification of old place names in Palestine during the classical period, drawn principally from the Hebrew Bible, Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud, and from the writings of Josephus in transliterated Greek-form, as well as from other epigraphic texts of antiquity.

paragraph: Section::::Published works (partial list).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samuel Klein (n.d.). "Weinstock, Feigenbaum und Sykomore in Palästina" (The Vine, Fig Tree and Sycamore in Palestine), (publisher unknown)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1908). "Der hebräische Name der Battof-Ebene", in: "Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins" (ZDPV – Journal of the German Society for Exploration of Palestine)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1909). "Barajta der vierundzwanzig Priesterabteilungen" (Baraitta of the Twenty-Four Priestly Divisions), in: "Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galiläas", Leipzig (reprinted in Vienna in 1924) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1909). "Galiläa - Beiträge zur Geschichte und Geographie Galiläas" (Contributions to the History and Geography of Galilee), Leipzig

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1910). "Zur Topographie des alten Palästina: (Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen zu Thomsens Loca sancta)", Wiesbaden

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1912). "The Estates of R. Juda Ha-Nasi", in: JQR

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1914). "Das Ostjordanland in den halachischen Midraschim" (The East Bank of the Jordan in Halakhic Midrashim), in: "Festschrift D. Hoffman", Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1915). "Hebräische Ortsnamen bei Josephus" (Hebrew place names in Josephus), in: "MGWJ" (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism), vol. 59, Breslau

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1915). "Tiberias" (טבריא), in: "Ha-Zofeh me-Eretz Hagar" (הצופה מארץ הגר), vol. 4, pp. 49–64

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1917). "Zur Geographie Palästinas in der Zeit der Mischna" (On the Geography of Palestine in the time of the Mishnah), in "MGWJ" (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1920). "Jüdisch-Palästinisches Corpus Inscriptionum" (Jewish-Palestinian Inscriptions), Vienna and Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1922). "Eretz Yisrael: Geography of Israel for High Schools and for the People" (ארץ ישראל -- גיאוגרפיה של ארץ ישראל לבתי ספר תיכוניים ולעם), Menorah: Vienna

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1922). "Jeschurun"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1923). "Palästina-Studien" (מחקרים ארצישראליים), in 3 volumes, Menorah: Vienna

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1923). "Neue Beiträge zur Geschichte und Geographie Galiläas" (New Contributions to the History and Geography of Galilee), in: "Palästina-Studien" (vol. 1, issue 1), Menorah: Vienna ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1923). "The Topography of the Land of Israel" (החומר הטופוגרפי לא"י), in: Ishtori Haparchi's "Kaftor Vaferach" ("Book of Button and Flower"), Budapest

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1923). "Derekh Hof Hayam" ("Die Küstenstrasse Palästinas" - "The coastal road of Palestine"), in: "Written Works of the University and Library in Jerusalem", Jerusalem

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1925). "Jewish Transjordan: From the time of the Second Temple until the last century of the Middle Ages" (עבר הירדן היהודי: מזמן בית שני עד המאה האחרונה של ימי הביניים), Menorah: Vienna

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1926). "Three Good Gifts" (שלש מתנות טובות), Jerusalem

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1928). "Galiläa von der Makkabäerzeit bis 67" (Galilee of the Maccabees until 67), in: "Palästina-Studien" (vol. 1, issue 4), Vienna )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1928). "Four Ancient Palestinian Place-names", in: "Yerushalayim" (ירושלים), Journal of the Jewish Palestinian Exploration Society, vol. in memory of A.M. Lunce, Jerusalem

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1928). "Studies on the Genealogical Chapters in the Book of Chronicles" (מחקרים בפרקי היחס שבספר דברי-הימים), Jerusalem

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1929). "Zur Midrasch-und Palästinaforschung" (On Midrash and Palestine research), in: "Palästina-Studien" (vol. 2, issue 2), Berlin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1929). "Das tannaitische Grenzverzeichnis Palästinas" (The Tannaitic Boundary Index of Palastina), in: "HUCA" V (German) (reprint from 1928 Menorah: Vienna - Berlin, published in "Palästina Studien") ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1930). "Narbatta und die jűdischen Siedlungen westlich von Samaria" (Narbatta and the Jewish settlements west of Samaria), in "MGWJ" (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism); "Palästina-Studien" (vol. 2. issue 6) ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1930). "On Topography" (לטופוגרפיה), in: "Tarbiẕ" (Journal), Jerusalem, pp. 127–131 (Hebrew)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1931). "Yanuh", in: "Encyclopedia Judaica", vol. 8, p. 575

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1931). "Inschriftliches aus Jaffa" (Inscriptions from Jaffa), in "MGWJ" 75 (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1933). "The Twenty-four City Councils in Judea" (ארבע ועשרים בולאות שביהודה), Vienna (in memory of R. Zvi Peretz Chayot)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1933). "Those leaving the Land of Israel [for Babylonia] and Rabbah the son of Bar Hana" ("On the subject of Eretz Israel") [ה'נחותי' ורבה בר בר חנה - על ענייני ארץ ישראל], Jerusalem

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1934). "Notes on History of Large Estates in Palestine" (לקורות "האריסות הגדולה" בארץ ישראל), in: (Journal) "Yediot - Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society" (ידיעות החברה לחקירת ארץ-ישראל ועתיקותיה), Volume 1, Jerusalem, pp. 3–9

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1934). "The Cities of the Priests and the Levites, and the Cities of Refuge" (ערי הכהנים והלויים וערי מקלט), in: "Qovetz": Journal of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, Jerusalem - Tel-Aviv [Hebrew].

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1934). ""Itinerarium Burdigalense"" ("Bordeaux Itinerary"), in: Journal: "Zion" O.S. 6

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1935). "On the Kings of Canaan" (לפרשת מלכי כנען), in: "Qovetz": Journal of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, 2nd year, volumes 1–4

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1935). "The History of the Jewish Settlement of Palestine, from the Redaction of the Talmud to the Palestine Settlement Movement" (תולדות הישוב היהודי בארץ-ישראל: מחתימת התלמוד עד תנועת ישוב ארץ ישראל) Reprinted post-mortem in Tel-Aviv 1950

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1935). "Remarks, Julis.", in: "Yediot - Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society" (ידיעות החברה לחקירת ארץ-ישראל ועתיקותיה).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1937). "The History of Palestine Exploration in Hebrew and Universal Literature" (תולדות חקירת ארץ ישראל בספרות העברית והכללית)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1937). "The Question of the Torah in the Words of the Prophets" (לשאלת דברי התורה בפי הנביאים), Budapest

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1937). Cities Enclosed by a Wall from the Time of Joshua bin Nun (ערים מוקפות חומה מימות יהושע בן נון), Jerusalem

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1937). ""Vitae Prophetorum"" (Life of the Prophet), "Sefer Klausner"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1938). "The Letter of Rabbi Menahem of Hebron", in: "Bulletin of the Jewish Palestinian Exploration Society" (BJPES) VI

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1938). "Some Notes on the Excavations at Beth Sheʿarim ("Sheikh Abreiq")" (הערות אחדות למאמריהם של מייזלר ושובה על החפירות בבית שערים), "Yediot - Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society", vol. 5, pp. 109–116

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1938). "A Chapter in Palestine Research towards the End of the Second Temple", in: "Magnes Anniversary Book" (edd. Jacob N. Epstein, "et al."), Jerusalem, pp. 216–223

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1939). "Sefer Ha-Yishuv" (ספר הישוב) (The Book of the Yishuv: A treasure of information and records, inscriptions and memoirs, preserved in Israel and in the people in the Hebrew language and in other languages on the settlement of the Land of Israel), 2 vols, Bialik Institute: Jerusalem / Devir Publishers: Tel-Aviv ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1939). "Comments on the Words of Israel's Sages" (הערות לדברי חז"ל), in: Journal "Sinai" (ed. Y.L. Hacohen Fishman), Jerusalem [Hebrew]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1939). "Judaea: from the Return of the Babylonian Exiles to the Redaction of the Talmud" ( ארץ יהודה: מימי העליה מבבל עד חתימת התלמוד), Devir: Tel-Aviv

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1939). "Targumische Elemente in der Deutung biblischer Ortsnamen bei Hieronymus" (Aramaic Translation Elements in the Interpretation of Biblical Place Names by Jerome), in: "Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums" (MGWJ), Jahrg. 83 (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1945). "Land of the Galilee: From the Time of Babylonian Immigration until the Redaction of the Talmud", ed. Yehuda Elitzur, Mossad Harav Kook: Jerusalem (reprinted in 1949; published post-mortem)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1950). "Toledot ha-Yishuv", Tel-Aviv (reprinted from 1935 edition, published post-mortem)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1965). "The Borders of the Land - Researches" (Heb. גבולות הארץ - מחקרים), co-edited with Naphtali Zvi (Hirsch) Hildesheimer, Jerusalem. Published post-mortem ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ditto" (1971). "Jüdisch-palästinisches Corpus Inscriptionum" (Jewish-Palestinian Inscriptions), in: "Ossuar-, Grab-, und Synagogeninschriften" (Ossuary, Tomb, and Synagogue Inscriptions), published post-mortem, a reprint of 1920 Vienna edition

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Professor Samuel Klein (Hebrew)

alias:
Ḳlein, Shemuʾel
Qlayn, Šěmūʾel
Qlayn, Šemuʾel
Klein, Šmuel ben Avraham Cvi

wikidata_label: Samuel Klein

wikipedia_title: Samuel Klein (scholar)


text: French

text: statistician

text: demographer

text: Paris

text: Louis Bertillon

text: Alphonse Bertillon

text: physician

text: statistical analysis

text: World Heath Organization

text: Émile Durkheim

text: Suicide

text: Caroline Schultze

text: Valmondois

categories: 1851 births,French statisticians,1922 deaths,French demographers

paragraph: Jacques Bertillon

paragraph: Jacques Bertillon (November 11, 1851 – July 7, 1922) was a French statistician and demographer.

paragraph: Born in Paris, Bertillon was the son of statistician Louis Bertillon and the older brother of Alphonse Bertillon. He was educated as a physician but turned to statistical analysis. In 1880 he wrote "La Statistique humaine en France". In 1891-93 he chaired a committee that introduced the Bertillon Classification of Causes of Death, which was adopted by several countries; it was the precursor to today's International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) which continues to be published by the World Heath Organization. By comparing statistics from different European countries he discovered the correlation between suicide rates and divorces, claiming that both phenomena were associated with social disequilibrium, ideas influencing Émile Durkheim in his work "Suicide".

paragraph: Bertillon married the physician Caroline Schultze; they had two daughters. He died in Valmondois, France.

description: French mathematician

wikidata_label: Jacques Bertillon

wikipedia_title: Jacques Bertillon


text: Italian

text: Caravaggio

text: Venice

text: The Facetious Nights

text: The Pleasant Nights

text: fairy tale

text: Milan

text: sonnet

text: strambotti

text: The Pleasant Nights

text: The Facetious Nights

text: fable

text: Boccaccio's

text: Decameron

text: Indexes of prohibited books

text: fairy tale

text: The Pig King

text: Biancabella and the Snake

text: Costanza/Costanzo

text: Ancilotto, King of Provino

text: Guerrino and the Savage Man

text: Maestro Lattantio and His Apprentice Dionigi

text: Giambattista Basile's

text: Peruonto

text: Mme d’Aulnoy's

text: Charles Perrault's

text: Puss in Boots

text: Grimm (1785-1863 & 1786-1859)

text: The Pleasant Nights

text: The Pleasant Nights

text: Basile, Giambattista

text: Boccaccio, Giovanni

text: Bottigheimer, Ruth B

text: d’Aulnoy, Marie-Catherine

text: Jacobs, Joseph

text: Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

text: Perrault, Charles

text: Ziolkowski, Jan M.

text: Zipes, Jack

categories: 1550s deaths,Italian male writers,People from Caravaggio, Lombardy,1480s births

paragraph: Giovanni Francesco Straparola

paragraph: Giovanni Francesco "Gianfrancesco" Straparola, also known as Zoan or Zuan Francesco Straparola da Caravaggio (ca. 1485?-1558), was an Italian writer of poetry, and collector and writer of short stories. Some time during his life, he migrated from Caravaggio to Venice where he published a collection of stories in two volumes called "The Facetious Nights" or "The Pleasant Nights". This collection includes some of the first known printed versions of fairy tales in Europe, as they are known today.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Life.

paragraph: Not much is known of Straparola's life except for a few facts regarding his published works. He was likely born some time around 1485 in Caravaggio, Italy (on the Lombard plain east of Milan). However, nothing more is known of his life until 1508 when he was found to be in Venice where he signed his name "Zoan" on the title page of his "Opera nova de Zoan Francesco Straparola da Caravaggio novamente stampata" ("New Works").

paragraph: Prior to issuing the first volume of "The Pleasant Nights", Straparola obtained permission to publish from the Venetian authorities on March 8, 1550, though the name on the permission reads "Zuan Francesco Sstraparola da Caravaggio."

paragraph: Straparola was said to have died in 1558. But his death may have occurred earlier as after the 1556 or 1557 print run, the woodcut portrait of the author disappeared from the work as well as the words ""All’instanza dall’autore"" (at the behest of the author), the printer being Comin da Trino, Venice. This possibly could put Straparola's death prior to 1558 (Bottigheimer suggests 1555 due to the plague at that time), and in some city other than Venice as his death is not recorded in the death records of Venice in the 1550s or early 1560s.

paragraph: As a lettered man not native to Venice, Straparola may have held the position of teacher, private secretary, or a type of ‘ghost writer’ for a patron.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Name.

paragraph: The name "Straparola" is unlikely to be Giovanni Francesco's real name. Bottigheimer suggests "Straparola" is a nickname derived from the Italian verb "straparlare", meaning "to talk too much" or "to talk nonsense". Zipes has the name meaning "loquacious". The use of a nickname is understandable as the publishing of satirical writings in sixteenth-century Venice often held personal danger for the author.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.:"New Works".

paragraph: In Venice in 1508, Straparola published his "Opera nova de Zoan Francesco Straparola da Caravazo novamente stampata" ("New Works"), which contained sonnets, "strambotti" (satirical verse), "epistre" (epistles), and "capitoli" (satirical poetry). It was reprinted in 1515.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.:"The Facetious Nights".

paragraph: In 1551, also in Venice, Straparola published the first volume of his "Le Piacevoli Notti Di M. Giovanfrancesco Straparola da Caravaggio", which is often translated as "The Pleasant Nights" or "The Facetious Nights", the second volume of this work appearing in 1553.

paragraph: "The Pleasant Nights" is the work for which Straparola is most noted, and which contains a total of seventy-five short stories, fables, and fairy tales (Straparola 1894, vol.1 has 25; vol. 2 has 50). The tales, or novelle, are divided into Nights, rather than chapters, and resemble the type of narrative presentation found in Boccaccio's "Decameron" (1350–52). This presentation is of a gathering of Italian aristocrats, men and women, who entertain themselves by singing songs, dancing, and telling stories, "The Pleasant Nights" having added enigmas (riddles). [Compare Boccaccio 2010 with Straparola 1894.]

paragraph: One story in the second book of "The Pleasant Nights", "The Tailor's Apprentice" or "Maestro Lattantio and His Apprentice Dionigi" (Straparola 1984 vol. 2, 102-110.), was removed a few years after first appearing in the second volume due to Church influence, while the entire collection entered a number of Indexes of prohibited books between 1580 and 1624.

paragraph: It is claimed that many of the stories within "The Pleasant Nights" had been taken from earlier works, specifically from Girolamo Morlini, a 15th/16th century lawyer from Naples whose "Novellae, fabulae, comoedia" appeared in 1520. Today, in at least one instance, the name of Girolamo Morlini has been associated in print with "The Facetious Nights".

paragraph: If taken at his word, Straparola never denied this. In the Dedication at the front of the second volume, Straparola wrote that the stories ". . . "written and collected in this volume" [vol. 2 only?] "are none of mine, but goods which I have feloniously taken from this man and that. Of a truth I confess they are not mine, and if I said otherwise I should lie, but nevertheless I have faithfully set them down according to the manner in which they were told by the ladies, nobles, learned men and gentlemen who gathered together for recreation"." Zipes even mentioned at one time that ""Straparola was not an original writer"." It was often the case in Renaissance Italy that the use of the "frame tale" allowed an author to dodge some of the criticism for printing stories from other writers by disclaiming original authorship, saying they only wrote down what they heard.

paragraph: Though this Dedication is signed "From Giovanni Francesco Straparola," Bottigheimer suggests that changes in narrative style between volume 1 and 2, both within the stories themselves and the frame tale, imply that someone other than Straparola could have worked on or finished the second volume, taking some of the stories at random from Morlini's "Novellea".

paragraph: Section::::Fairy tales.

paragraph: Straparola's "Pleasant Nights" is the first known work where fairy tales as they are known today appeared in print. Zipes lists these as being:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cassandrino" ("The Master Thief") [1: 20-27]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pre Scarpafico" ("The Priest Scarpafico") [1: 28-34]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tebaldo" ("Doralice") [1: 35-44]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Galeotto" ("The Pig King" or "Prince Pig") [1: 58-66]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pietro" ("Peter the Fool") [1: 102-110]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Biancabella" ("Biancabella and the Snake") [1: 125-139]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fortunio" ("Fortunio and the Siren") [1: 140-152]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ricardo" ("Costanza/Costanzo") [1: 167-178]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aciolotto" ("Ancilotto, King of Provino" [?]) [1: 186-198]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Guerrino" ("Guerrino and the Savage Man") [1: 221-236]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I tre fratelli" ("The Three Brothers") [2: 71-74]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maestro Lattantio" ("The Tailor's Apprentice" or "Maestro Lattantio and His Apprentice Dionigi") [2: 102-110]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cesarino" ("Cesarino the Dragon Slayer") [2: 182-191]

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Soriana" ("Costantino Fortunato") [2: 209-214]

paragraph: The numbers in brackets refers to the volume and the pages in Straparola 1894. Why "Livoretto" [1: 110-125] and "Adamantina and the Doll" [1: 236-245] are not included is not explained.

paragraph: Section::::Fairy tales.:Invention of the rise tale.

paragraph: With regard to the plots used within fairy tales, it has been suggested that Straparola might have created the "rise plot" or "rise tale" often seen in fairy tales today. The "rise" plot takes a poor person—man or woman, girl or boy—and through the use of magic they obtain a marriage that leads to wealth: "rags-magic-marriage-riches". However, this has yet to be satisfactorily established.

paragraph: The stories of Straparola that can be considered ‘rise’ tales include "Peter the Fool": through the auspices of a talking fish and its magic powers, a town fool rises to be a king; "Fortunio and the Siren": an orphaned boy uses magic powers transferred to him by animals to secure a royal marriage; "Adamantina and the Doll": a magic doll aids two women in securing royal marriages; and "Costantino Fortunato": a talking cat gains marriage and wealth for her master.

paragraph: Section::::Effect on later writers.

paragraph: Mme. de Murat (1670-1716), herself a writer of fairy tales, is noted as remarking in 1699 "that everybody, including herself, was taking their stories from ‘Straparola.’" Some of Straparola's tales or their plot elements can indeed be found in the works of later authors. Please note that these similarities alone do not confirm the claim that any of the plots or plotlines in "The Pleasant Nights" originated with Straparola.

paragraph: Giambattista Basile's (1575?-1632) "Peruonto" and Mme d’Aulnoy's (1650?-1705) "The Dolphin," contain most of the same storyline as Straparola's "Peter the Fool", though the two former are studded with added morality: a foolish/ugly protagonist releases a fish/dolphin with magic powers that grants whatever is asked of it. (Compare Basile 2007, 32-41 and d’Aulnoy 1892, 509-535 with Straparola 1894, 1: 102-110.)

paragraph: Both Basile's "Cagliuso" and Charles Perrault's (1628-1703) "The Master Cat, or Puss in Boots" follow the same plotlines as Straparola's "Costantino Fortunato:" the protagonist inherits a talking cat that gains a royal marriage and wealth for her/his master. (Compare Basile 2007, 145-150 and Perrault 1969, 45-57 with Straparola 1894 2: 209-214.)

paragraph: "Iron Hans" ("Iron John"?) in Grimm (1785-1863 & 1786-1859) contains the same basic plot as that of "Guerrino and the Savage Man:" the protagonist is helped in his quest(s) by a wild or savage man he sets free. (Compare Grimm 1972, 612-620 with Straparola 1894 1: 221-236.)

paragraph: The plot in Straparola's "Ancilotto" is followed closely, with some differing details, in "The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird" as found in Joseph Jacobs's collection of 1916: to prevent a king from meeting with his children, they’re sent on near-impossible quests. (Compare Straparola 1894 vol. 1: 186-198 with Jacobs 1916, 51-65.) In this same collection of Jacob's is the story "The Master Thief," which follows the same plot as Straparola's "Cassandrino the Thief": a magistrate or lord has a thief prove how good he is or will be killed. (Compare Jacobs 1916, 121-128 with Straparola 1894 1: 20-27.)

paragraph: Basile's ‘The Goose’ follows the same plotline as Straparola's "Adamantina and the Doll": a doll/goose that grants bounty to two poor sisters ultimately leads them to marrying royally. (Compare Basile 2007, 397-401 with Straparola 1894 1: 236-245.)

paragraph: Section::::Works by Straparola.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Works" (1508)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pleasant Nights" vol. 1 (1551)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pleasant Nights" vol. 2 (1553)

paragraph: Section::::References cited or consulted.

paragraph: Basile, Giambattista. 2007. "The Tale of Tales or Entertainment for the Little Ones". Trans. Nancy L. Canepa, illus. Carmelo Lettere, forward Jack Zipes. New York: Penguin Books. Print. .

paragraph: Boccaccio, Giovanni. 2010. "Decameron". Trans. Mark Musa and Peter Bondanella. New York: Signet. Print. .

paragraph: Bottigheimer, Ruth B. 2002. "Fairy Godfather: Straparola, Venice, and the Fairy Tale Tradition". Philadelphia, Penn: University of Pennsylvania Press. Print. .

paragraph: '-------------2009'. "Fairy Tales: A New History". Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. Print. .

paragraph: '-------------2012a'. "Europe's First Fairy Tales" and "Giovan Francesco Straparola 1485?-1556?". In Raynard 2012, 7-24.

paragraph: '-------------, Ed. 2012b'. "Fairy Tales Framed: Early Forewords, Afterwords, and Critical Words". Albany, New York: State University of New York. Print. .

paragraph: Canepa, Nancy L., Ed. 1997. "Out of the Woods: The Origins of the Literary Fairy Tale in Italy and France". Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press. Print. .

paragraph: Crawshaw, Jane Stevens. 2014. "Families, medical secrets and public health in early modern Venice". "Renaissance Studies" Vol. 28 No.4. P597-618.

paragraph: d’Aulnoy, Marie-Catherine. 1892. "The Fairy Tales of Madame d’Aulnoy, newly done into English". Trans. Miss Annie Macdonell and Miss Lee, illus. Clinton Peters, Intro. Anne Thackeray. London: Lawrence and Bullen. Book-form download: Google.

paragraph: Jacobs, Joseph. 1916. "European Folk and Fairy Tales". New York: G. P. Putnum's Sons. Book-form download: archive.org.

paragraph: Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. 1972. "The Complete Grimm's Fairy Tales". Trans. Margaret Hunt and James Stern, illus. Josef Scharl. New York: Pantheon Books. Print. .

paragraph: Martone, Valerie and Robert L. Martone. 1994. "Renaissance Comic Tales of Love, Treachery, and Revenge". New York: Italica Press. Print. .

paragraph: Opie, Iona and Peter Opie. 1974. "The Classic Fairy Tales". New York: Oxford Univ. Press. Print. .

paragraph: Perrault, Charles. 1922. "The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault". Illus. Harry Clarke, intro. Thomas Bodkin. London: George G. Harrap & Co, Ltd. Book-form download: archive.org.

paragraph: '-------------1969'. "Perrault's Fairy Tales". Trans. A. E Johnson. Illus. Gustave Doré. New York: Dover Publications. Print. .

paragraph: Raynard, Sophie, Ed. 2012. "The Teller's Tale: Lives of the Classic Fairy Tale Writers". Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. Print. .

paragraph: Straparola, Giovanni. 1894. "The Nights of Straparola". vol. 1 & 2. Trans. W. G. Waters. Illus. E. R. Hughes. London: Lawrence and Bullen. Book-form download: archive.org.

paragraph: Vaz Da Silva, Francisco. "The Invention of Fairy Tales." "Journal of American Folklore" 123(490), 2010. P398-425.

paragraph: Waters, W. G. [William George (1844-1928)]. 1894. "Introduction" in Straparola 1894, xi-xxvi.

paragraph: Ziolkowski, Jan M. 2007. "Fairy Tales from Before Fairy Tales". Ann Arbor, MI, USA: University of Michigan Press. Print. .

paragraph: '-------------, 2010'. "Straparola and the Fairy Tale: Between Literary and Oral Traditions." "Journal of American Folklore" 123(490), 2010. P377-97.

paragraph: Zipes, Jack. 1997. "Of Cats and Men." In Canepa 1997. 176-93.

paragraph: '-------------, Ed. 2001'. "The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: from Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm". New York: W. W. Norton. Print. .

paragraph: '-------------, Ed. 2015'. "The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales". Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Print. .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- SurLaLune Fairy Tale Pages: The Facetious Nights of Straparola, an English translation of many tales

description: Italian writer and fairy tale collector

wikidata_label: Giovanni Francesco Straparola

wikipedia_title: Giovanni Francesco Straparola


text:
architect
French Renaissance
Fontaine des Innocents
Lescot wing
Louvre
King Francis I
Palais du Louvre
Sebastiano Serlio
Henry II
Aile Lescot
Jean Goujon
pavilion
pilaster
caryatid
musicians' gallery
Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
Musée Carnavalet
François Mansart
Fountain of Nymphs
Château de Vallery
School of Fontainebleau
Jean Goujon
Lissy-en-Brie
Clagny
Ronsard
duc de Nevers
Jean Baptiste Androuet du Cerceau
Architecture of Paris
Cour Carrée
French Renaissance architecture
Philibert Delorme
Jean Bullant
Androuet du Cerceau
Jean Goujon
"Catholic Encyclopedia" 1908
Imago Mundi: Pierre Lescot

categories: 16th-century French painters,Renaissance architects,1578 deaths,Architects from Paris,16th-century French architects,1510s births

paragraph: Pierre Lescot

paragraph: Pierre Lescot (c. 1515 – September 1578) was a French architect active during the French Renaissance. His most notable works include the Fontaine des Innocents and the Lescot wing of the Louvre in Paris. He played an important role in the introduction of elements of classical architecture into French architecture.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Lescot was born in Paris. King Francis I of France took him into his service, and appointed him architect in charge of the building projects at the Palais du Louvre, which transformed the old château into the palace that we know. A project put forward by the Italian architect and theorist Sebastiano Serlio was set aside in favor of Lescot's, in which three sides of a square court were to be enclosed by splendid apartments, while on the east, facing the city as it then was, the fourth side was probably destined to be lightly closed with an arcade. Festive corner pavilions of commanding height and adorned by pillars and statues were to replace the medieval towers. Elsewhere in the Louvre, little was actually achieved beyond razing some of the old feudal structure.

paragraph: Though Lescot was confirmed in his position after the king's death by his heir Henry II, and though he worked at the Louvre project until his death, only the west side and part of the south side were completed, comprising the present southwest wing of the "Cour Carré", the "Aile Lescot", or "Lescot Wing" ("illustration"). Even so, the building was executed from 1546 to 1551 set the mold of French classicism: it is of two stories with an attic richly embellished with Jean Goujon's panels of bas-reliefs; it is crowned by a sloping roof, a traditional feature of French building and practical in a rainy climate. The deeply recessed arch-headed windows of the ground story give the impression of an arcade, while the projecting central and end pavilions bear small round "oeil de boeuf" windows above them. In the second storey slender fluted pilasters separate the windows, which alternate delicate triangular and arched pediments. Goujon's noble sculpture and architectural ornaments are cleverly subordinated to the construction, but the surviving groundfloor "Salle des Caryatides" (1546–49) is named for Goujon's four caryatid figures that support the musicians' gallery. Of Lescot's constructions at the Louvre there also remain the "Salle des Gardes" and the Henry II staircase.

paragraph: His first achievements (1540 – 1545) were the rood-screen in Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois, of which only some sculptures by Goujon have been saved and in Paris the Hôtel de Ligneris (1548–50, now the Musée Carnavalet, which was thoroughly altered by François Mansart). Here and especially in the design of the Fountain of Nymphs (1547–49, "illustration, right"), his moderate tectonic role is outshone by Goujon's sculpture. He was also responsible for the Château de Vallery.

paragraph: Lescot's career is so scantily documented it is not known whether he ever visited Italy, or whether his knowledge of Italian practice was derived through the architecture and engravings that issued from the School of Fontainebleau. All of Lescot's known works have sculptural decoration by Trebatti and by Jean Goujon, who collaborated with him at the Louvre. Unlike the other architects of the French Flamboyant Gothic and Renaissance, Pierre Lescot was not from a line of masons, with practical experience, but the son of a seigneur. His father, also Pierre Lescot, was sieur of Lissy-en-Brie and Clagny, not far from Versailles, seigneuries that his son Pierre inherited. Although, according to a eulogistic poem by Ronsard, Pierre Lescot busied himself zealously in early youth making drawings and paintings, and, after his twentieth year, with mathematics and architecture, his wealth and the duties of his offices appear subsequently to have interfered with his artistic activity. No other documented works are identified, though a dismissive reference in the memoires of the duc de Nevers, published long afterwards, instances "Magny" (i.e. Clagny) as "a painter who used to make inventions of masquerades and tourneys", as all court architects were expected to produce in the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries.

paragraph: At his death, Lescot was succeeded at the Louvre by Jean Baptiste Androuet du Cerceau.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Architecture of Paris

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cour Carrée

paragraph: BULLET::::- French Renaissance architecture

paragraph: Other outstanding architects of the French Renaissance:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philibert Delorme

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Bullant

paragraph: BULLET::::- Androuet du Cerceau, a dynasty of designers and architects

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Goujon

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Catholic Encyclopedia" 1908: "Pierre Lescot"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imago Mundi: Pierre Lescot (in French)

paragraph: BR

alias:
Pierre II Lescot
Pierre I Lescot

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Pierre Lescot

wikipedia_title: Pierre Lescot


text: burgomaster

text: Antwerp

text: Belgium

text: the capture of Antwerp

text: World War I

text: German occupation

text: Dendermonde

text: King Leopold II

text: Liberal Party

text: Victor Desguin

text: besieged the city of Antwerp

text: Hans Hartwig von Beseler

text: Kontich

text: List of Mayors of Antwerp

text: Adolphe Max

text: Brussels

categories: 1923 deaths,Mayors of Antwerp, Belgium,People from Antwerp,1844 births

paragraph: Jan De Vos

paragraph: Jan Baptist De Vos (7 February 1844 – 30 March 1923) was mayor ("burgomaster") of Antwerp in Belgium from 15 March 1909 until 21 July 1921. He stayed on as mayor after the capture of Antwerp by German forces during World War I, and remained in office after the end of German occupation.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Jan De Vos was born in Dendermonde. He became a successful trader and entered local politics when he was elected in the city council as councillor on 19 October 1890.

paragraph: King Leopold II appointed him mayor of Antwerp on 22 February 1909, much against the wishes of the Liberal Party, of which Jan De Vos was also member, who would have preferred the alderman ("schepen") Victor Desguin.

paragraph: The events of October 1914 were the most intense of his tenure. The German Army besieged the city of Antwerp and the situation worsened in the city due to the German bombardment. The city council decided to negotiate the surrender of the city. De Vos negotiated terms with General Hans Hartwig von Beseler of the German Army in Kontich to the south of Antwerp. De Vos signed the surrender of the city and the remaining fortresses around Antwerp on 10 October 1914.

paragraph: De Vos remained in office throughout the war. After German capitulation, he was not prosecuted for collaboration and stayed on as mayor until 21 July 1921. He died on 30 March 1923, aged 79.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Mayors of Antwerp

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adolphe Max, mayor of Brussels (1909–39)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Treaty of Kontich - Surrender of Antwerp

description: mayor of Antwerp

wikidata_label: Jan De Vos

wikipedia_title: Jan De Vos


text:
Sofia
Paris
Krum Lekarski
Nadezhda Lekarska
Sofia
Moscow
National School of Fine Arts
Paris
Andrey Lekarsky

categories: Bulgarian sculptors,21st-century sculptors,1940 births,20th-century sculptors,21st-century Bulgarian artists,French people of Bulgarian descent,21st-century Bulgarian painters,French male sculptors,French male painters,20th-century Bulgarian painters,People from Sofia,20th-century Bulgarian artists,20th-century French sculptors,Living people,20th-century French painters

paragraph: Andrey Lekarski

paragraph: Andrey Lekarski is a French-Bulgarian painter and sculptor born in 1940 in Sofia (Bulgaria), living in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Second son of general Krum Lekarski and Nadezhda Lekarska, born on December 2, 1940 in Sofia (Bulgaria). From 1954 to 1959 he studied at the School of Visual Arts in Moscow. In 1962 he enrolled at the National School of Fine Arts in Paris.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrey Lekarsky

description: French painter

wikidata_label: Andrey Lekarski

wikipedia_title: Andrey Lekarski


text:
Barrydale
South Africa
South Africa
2009 Dakar Rally
South Africa
Nissan Primera
Dakar Rally
2003
Nissan
Pascal Maimon
2004
François Jordaan
2005
Jean-Marie Lurquin
Volkswagen
Nissan
2006
Tina Thorner
Mitsubishi's
Luc Alphand
Dirk von Zitzewitz
2007
2009
Carlos Sainz
2010
Nasser Al-Attiyah
2011
South Africa
Toyota
2012
2013 event
2014
2009 Race of Champions
David Coulthard

categories: South African rally drivers,Off-road racing drivers,1972 births,Dakar Rally drivers,Living people

paragraph: Giniel de Villiers

paragraph: Giniel de Villiers (born 25 March 1972 in Barrydale, South Africa) is a South African racing and rally driver, best known for winning the 2009 Dakar Rally.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: De Villiers began his career in circuit racing, winning the domestic South African touring car championship four times in succession from 1997 to 2000 with a dealer-backed Nissan Primera. Switching to off-road racing thereafter, de Villiers made his Dakar Rally debut in 2003 driving for the works Nissan team. Finishing fifth overall at first attempt alongside navigator Pascal Maimon, de Villiers took his first stage victory in 2004 on the way to seventh overall in the standings (this time alongside François Jordaan) and won two stages in 2005, ending fourth overall (alongside Jean-Marie Lurquin).

paragraph: De Villiers switched his allegiance to Volkswagen when Nissan withdrew their factory team at the end of 2005, taking another stage win and the runner-up position in the overall standings in 2006 along with navigator Tina Thorner - fifteen minutes behind Mitsubishi's Luc Alphand. Engine trouble prevented de Villiers and his new navigator Dirk von Zitzewitz finishing any higher than eleventh overall in 2007, in spite of four stage victories.

paragraph: In 2009, de Villiers and Zitzewitz took the overall victory, albeit largely as a result of their teammate Carlos Sainz retiring whilst in a commanding position. More engine trouble in 2010 prevented de Villiers and von Zitzewitz from being able to defend their crown, the pair finishing just seventh overall, but they were able to finish in a strong runner-up position to teammate Nasser Al-Attiyah in 2011 with another stage victory.

paragraph: De Villiers and Zitzewitz joined the South African Imperial Toyota team for the 2012 and 2013 event as a result of Volkswagen's withdrawal. They finished in third position in 2012 and a credible second place overall in 2013 despite taking no stage victories. In 2014, de Villiers and Zitzewitz were the best non-Mini crew, winning the final stage of the rally to cement fourth place overall - de Villiers' eighth top five finish in 11 Dakar starts.

paragraph: De Villiers also took part in the 2009 Race of Champions, forming an 'All-Star' team alongside David Coulthard. The pair however failed to advance from the group stages of the Nations Cup competition, whilst de Villiers finished bottom of his group during the individual event.br

paragraph: The opportunity to compete in the local championship has given De Villiers the opportunity to return to a championship he won a decade ago. But more than that, it gives him significantly more seat time in the Toyota Gazoo Racing SA Hilux, and the Toyota Kalahari Botswana 1,000 Desert Race is the perfect place to hone his skills in preparation for Dakar 2018.

description: South African rally driver

wikidata_label: Giniel de Villiers

wikipedia_title: Giniel de Villiers


text:
Canadian football
quarterback
BC Lions
Canadian Football League
103rd Grey Cup
Grey Cup Most Valuable Player
Pittsburgh Steelers
undrafted free agent
college football
Central Washington
CFL's Most Outstanding Player
Edmonton Eskimos
Pittsburgh Steelers
Green Bay Packers
St. Louis Rams
Seattle Seahawks
Kamiakin High School
Kennewick, Washington
Kalispell, Montana
Flathead High School
Harlon Hill Trophy
2014
Marshall's
Rakeem Cato
redshirting
2009 NFL Draft
Pittsburgh Steelers
St. Louis Rams
Seattle Seahawks
BC Lions
2011
99th Grey Cup
Edmonton Eskimos
Travis Lulay
BC Lions
100th Grey Cup
Edmonton Eskimos
BC Lions
2013 CFL Draft
2014 CFL Draft
2013 CFL season
Matt Nichols
103rd Grey Cup
Ottawa RedBlacks
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Most Valuable Player
Jacksonville Jaguars
BC Lions
BC Lions bio
Edmonton Eskimos bio
Green Bay Packers bio
St. Louis Rams bio

categories: Edmonton Eskimos players,St. Louis Rams players,Green Bay Packers players,Grey Cup champions,Pittsburgh Steelers players,Seattle Seahawks players,Living people,Players of American football from Washington (state),1985 births,American football quarterbacks,Central Washington Wildcats football players,Canadian football quarterbacks,Washington State Cougars football players,BC Lions players,American players of Canadian football,People from Kennewick, Washington

paragraph: Mike Reilly (quarterback)

paragraph: Mike Reilly (born January 25, 1985) is a Canadian football quarterback for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was the starting quarterback for the Eskimos when they won the 103rd Grey Cup and was named the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player. He was originally signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Central Washington. He was named the CFL's Most Outstanding Player in 2017. Reilly has also been a member of the Edmonton Eskimos, Pittsburgh Steelers, Green Bay Packers, St. Louis Rams and Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Reilly played three seasons for Kamiakin High School in Kennewick, Washington, before relocating to Kalispell, Montana. As a senior, he set a Flathead High School record with 2,280 yards. He originally signed with NAIA Montana Tech, but chose to walk on at Central Washington.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: Reilly was a co-runner-up for the Harlon Hill Trophy, which is presented to the nation’s top Division II football player, as a senior. He threw a touchdown pass in all 46 games of his college career, giving him the NCAA all-divisions record for consecutive games with a touchdown pass. This record would be tied in 2014 by Marshall's Rakeem Cato. Reilly completed 64 percent of his passes over his four years as a starter for 12,448 yards, 118 touchdowns and only 40 interceptions.

paragraph: After redshirting at Washington State as a 5th-string quarterback, Reilly decided he didn't want to bide his time waiting for playing time. Central Washington offered him a chance to start right away so he transferred. He was the 2008 Great Northwest Athletic Conference Offensive Player of the Year after completing 65.2% of his passes (207 of 414) in 2008 for 3,706 passing with 37 TDs, six INTs and he rushed 103 times for 415 yards (4.0 avg.) with four touchdowns. He was also named First-team All Great NW for his efforts. He was also Third-team Little All-America.

paragraph: In 2007, he started all 13 games and completed 271 of 435 passes (62.3%) for 3,386 yards, 30 touchdowns and 10 interceptions while be named Second-team All-North Central. He also rushed 129 times for 266 yards (2.1 avg.) with three touchdowns. In 2006, he started all 11 games and was 231/351 (65.8%) for 2,660 yards 21 TDs and 12 Ints., rushed 137 times for 272 yards (2.0 avg.) with four touchdowns and was named Second team All-North Central. The year prior, 2005, he started all 10 games and was 223/353 (63.2%) for 2,686 yards 30 TDs and 11 interceptions and rushed 86 times for 310 yards (3.6 avg.) with three touchdowns, while being named First-team All-Great NW.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Steelers.

paragraph: Reilly was eligible to be selected in the 2009 NFL Draft, but went undrafted. He signed a free agent contract with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Reilly completed 10-of-15 for 117 yards during the 2009 preseason, but was waived on September 5, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Green Bay Packers.

paragraph: On November 19, 2009, Reilly was signed to the Green Bay Packers practice squad.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:St. Louis Rams.

paragraph: On December 9, 2009, he was signed off the Packers' practice squad by the St. Louis Rams. He was waived on May 4, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Seattle Seahawks.

paragraph: Reilly was claimed off waivers by the Seattle Seahawks on May 4, 2010. He was waived on May 18, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:BC Lions.

paragraph: On July 26, 2010, it was announced that Reilly had signed a practice roster agreement with the BC Lions. On August 26, 2010, Reilly was activated by the Lions and spent the remainder of the year as the third-string quarterback. He dressed for all 18 games in 2011 as the third-string quarterback and shared in the Lions' 99th Grey Cup victory. He got his first pro start on October 19, 2012, against the Edmonton Eskimos due to an injury to Travis Lulay. Reilly completed 19 of 28 throwing attempts for 276 yards with two touchdowns and one interception, leading the Lions to victory of over the Edmonton Eskimos 39-19. The win clinched a first round bye for the BC Lions in the 100th Grey Cup Playoffs.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Edmonton Eskimos.

paragraph: On January 31, 2013, Reilly was traded to the Edmonton Eskimos by the BC Lions; the trade included the exchange of the clubs' second round picks in the 2013 CFL Draft and the Lions receiving the Eskimos' second round pick in the 2014 CFL Draft. Entering the 2013 CFL season, Reilly was in open competition with Matt Nichols for the starting quarterback job. Nichols tore his ACL in preseason which made Reilly the starting QB for the season. On August 18, 2013, Reilly threw for over 500 yards in a losing cause, the fourth highest performance for yards passing in a single game in the history of the Eskimos football club. In his first season as a full-time starter in the CFL, Reilly threw for 4,207 yards, with 24 touchdowns and 18 interceptions. He also finished 5th in the league in rushing yards with 709. Despite his efforts, the Eskimos struggled all season finishing with a record of 4–14 and missing the playoffs.

paragraph: In the 2014 season, Reilly played in 15 regular season games, leading the Eskimos to the number two seed in the Western Division with a record of 12–6. After defeating the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the Western semi-finals, Reilly and the Eskimos were defeated by the Stampeders 43–18, ending their season. It was revealed after the game that Reilly had been playing with a broken bone in his foot and had been in great pain. The injury had been caused in a previous game during the regular season.

paragraph: Reilly's third season with Eskimos was once again hampered by injuries, missing 8 games. He played in the first game of the season, and the last 9; winning 8 in a row to finish the season as the first seed in the West Division. Reilly completed 214 of 329 pass attempts for 2,449 yards with 15 touchdowns and 10 interceptions (passer rating of 89.8). On November 29, 2015, the Eskimos won the 103rd Grey Cup with a score of 26–20 over the Ottawa RedBlacks in Winnipeg, Manitoba. After the game, he received the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player award after completing 21-of-35 pass attempts for 269 yards, two touchdowns and no interceptions. On April 14, 2016, the Eskimos announced they had signed Reilly to a contract extension through the 2018 CFL season. The three-year deal is reportedly worth over $400,000 in 2016 and then bumps up to over $500,000 in following seasons. Reilly continued his stellar play in the following three seasons, throwing for over 5,500 yards each season while tossing 88 touchdowns and 43 interceptions.

paragraph: Set to become a free agent in February 2019, Reilly had a workout with the Jacksonville Jaguars in mid-December 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:BC Lions (II).

paragraph: On February 12, 2019, Reilly became a free agent and subsequently signed a four-year contract with the BC Lions later that day.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BC Lions bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edmonton Eskimos bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Green Bay Packers bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Louis Rams bio

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Mike Reilly

wikipedia_title: Mike Reilly (quarterback)


text: mathematician

text: analysis

text: number theory

text: combinatorics

text: logic

text: The Hague

text: Leiden University

text: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

text: Jurjen Ferdinand Koksma

text: University of Amsterdam

text: Technical University Eindhoven

text: Johannes Runnenburg

text: Order of the Netherlands Lion

text: De Bruijn sequence

text: Penrose tiling

text: De Bruijn–Newman constant

text: graph theory

text: incidence geometry

text: BEST theorem

text: De Bruijn indices

text: asymptotic analysis

text: Automath

text: automated theorem checking

text: human brain

text: Moser–de Bruijn sequence

text: Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn's obituary

text: Bruijn N.G. de

categories: Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion,2012 deaths,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam alumni,University of Amsterdam faculty,1918 births,20th-century Dutch mathematicians,Eindhoven University of Technology faculty,Graph theorists,People from The Hague,Leiden University alumni

paragraph: Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn

paragraph: Nicolaas Govert (Dick) de Bruijn (; 9 July 1918 – 17 February 2012) was a Dutch mathematician, noted for his many contributions in the fields of analysis, number theory, combinatorics and logic.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in The Hague, De Bruijn received his MA in Mathematics at the Leiden University in 1941. He received his PhD in 1943 from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam with a thesis entitled "Over modulaire vormen van meer veranderlijken" advised by Jurjen Ferdinand Koksma.

paragraph: De Bruijn started his academic career at the University of Amsterdam, where he was Professor of Mathematics from 1952 to 1960. In 1960 he moved to the Technical University Eindhoven where he was Professor of Mathematics until his retirement in 1984. Among his graduate students were Johannes Runnenburg (1960), Antonius Levelt (1961), S. Ackermans (1964), Jozef Beenakker (1966), W. van der Meiden (1967), Matheus Hautus (1970), Robert Nederpelt Lazarom (1973), Lambert van Benthem Jutting (1977), A. Janssen (1979), Diederik van Daalen (1980), and Harmannus Balsters (1986).

paragraph: In 1957 he was appointed member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was Knighted with the Order of the Netherlands Lion.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: De Bruijn covered many areas of mathematics. He is especially noted for:

paragraph: BULLET::::- the discovery of the De Bruijn sequence,

paragraph: BULLET::::- discovering an algebraic theory of the Penrose tiling and, more generally, discovering the "projection" and "multigrid" methods for constructing quasi-periodic tilings,

paragraph: BULLET::::- the De Bruijn–Newman constant,

paragraph: BULLET::::- the "De Bruijn–Erdős theorem", in graph theory,

paragraph: BULLET::::- a different theorem of the same name: the "De Bruijn–Erdős theorem", in incidence geometry,

paragraph: BULLET::::- the BEST theorem in graph theory, and

paragraph: BULLET::::- De Bruijn indices.

paragraph: He wrote one of the standard books in advanced asymptotic analysis (De Bruijn, 1958).

paragraph: In the late sixties, he designed the Automath language for representing mathematical proofs, so that they could be verified automatically (see automated theorem checking). Shortly before his death, he had been working on models for the human brain.

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: Books, a selection:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1943. "Over modulaire vormen van meer veranderlijken"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958. "Asymptotic Methods in Analysis," North-Holland, Amsterdam.

paragraph: Articles, a selection:

paragraph: BULLET::::- de Bruijn, Nicolaas Govert. "A combinatorial problem", 1946. In Proceedings of the Section of Sciences, Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 758–764. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie v. Wetenschappen.

paragraph: BULLET::::- de Bruijn, Nicolaas Govert. "The mathematical language AUTOMATH, its usage, and some of its extensions." Symposium on automatic demonstration. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- de Bruijn, Nicolaas Govert. "Lambda calculus notation with nameless dummies, a tool for automatic formula manipulation, with application to the Church-Rosser theorem." Indagationes Mathematicae (Proceedings). Vol. 75. No. 5. North-Holland, 1972.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moser–de Bruijn sequence

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn's obituary

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruijn N.G. de at win.tue.nl (in Dutch)

alias:
De Bruijn
N.G. de Bruijn
Dick de Bruijn

description: Dutch mathematician

wikidata_label: Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn

wikipedia_title: Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn


text:
Zittau
Saxony
Germany
Garmisch
Bavaria
Germany
figure skater
pair skating
single skating
Olympic pair champion in 1936
Maxi Herber
Second World War
E.R. Hall

categories: Olympic medalists in figure skating,Figure skaters at the 1932 Winter Olympics,European Figure Skating Championships medalists,German male pair skaters,Olympic gold medalists for Germany,1905 births,2001 deaths,World Figure Skating Hall of Fame inductees,World Figure Skating Championships medalists,German male single skaters,Figure skaters at the 1936 Winter Olympics,Olympic figure skaters of Germany,Olympic silver medalists for Germany

paragraph: Ernst Baier

paragraph: Ernst Baier (27 September 1905 in Zittau, Saxony, Germany – 8 July 2001 in Garmisch, Bavaria, Germany) was a German figure skater who competed in pair skating and single skating. He became Olympic pair champion in 1936 together with Maxi Herber. The duo also won several World and European championships.

paragraph: Ernst Baier skated for the club Berliner SC. He also enjoyed success as a single skater. He won silver at European, World and Olympic games in singles.

paragraph: Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier revolutionized pair skating by performing the first side by side jumps in competition.

paragraph: After the Second World War they skated in ice revues. Later the couple owned a business.

paragraph: Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier married after their skating career in 1940. They had 3 children. In 1964 they were divorced.

paragraph: On 15 May 1965 he married the Swedish figure skater Birgitta Wennström (born 10 November 1935 in Enskede, Stockholm, Sweden) known by the stage name "Topsy" from Holiday on Ice together with her partner Steve. They had a daughter in 1968, but divorced in 1973.

paragraph: Some years later he remarried Maxi Herber, but they later divorced again.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E.R. Hall & T.D. Richardson – "Champions all: camera studies by E.R. Hall" (Frederick Muller, 1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richardson T.D – "Modern Figure Skating" (Methuen, 1938)

description: German figure skater

wikidata_label: Ernst Baier

wikipedia_title: Ernst Baier


text:
Adolph Ribbing
Gustav III of Sweden
Eva Löwen
Adam
Le postillon de Lonjumeau
Thomas
Opéra-Comique
Camille du Locle
Carmen

categories: French opera librettists,1802 births,19th-century French dramatists and playwrights,French people of Swedish descent,French ballet librettists,Writers from Paris

paragraph: Adolphe de Leuven

paragraph: Adolphe de Leuven (30 September 1802 – 14 April 1884) was a French theatre director and a librettist. Also known as Grenvallet, and Count Adolph Ribbing.

paragraph: He was the illegitimate son of Adolph Ribbing, who was involved in the assassination of Gustav III of Sweden in 1792, and Jeanne-Claude Billard. He took his name as a variation of that of his paternal grandmother, Eva Löwen.

paragraph: He produced over 170 plays and librettos, with operatic settings by Adam including "Le postillon de Lonjumeau", Clapisson and Thomas.

paragraph: He was associated with the Opéra-Comique for fifty years and was co-director (with Camille du Locle) from 1862-1874. He resigned in protest at the on-stage murder in "Carmen".

description: French theatre director and librettist

wikidata_label: Adolphe de Leuven

wikipedia_title: Adolphe de Leuven


text:
Kielce
Polish
singer
sung poetry
ballad
poetry
Krakow
Rybnik
Radom
Elbląg
actors' song
Wroclaw
Marek Tercz
poet
composer
recital
Kaddish
Tempel Synagogue
concept album
Jew
Auschwitz concentration camp
Second World War
Jewish traditional music
acoustic
electronic
electronic drums
synthesizers
applied psychology
Jagiellonian University

categories: Polish female singers,1987 births,Musicians from Kielce,21st-century Polish singers,Living people

paragraph: Ilona Sojda

paragraph: Ilona Sojda (born 26 May 1987, Kielce), Polish singer whose work has its origin in sung poetry, an imprecise, unspecific music genre that merges lyrical ballads with written poetry.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: Winner of the 41st Student Song Festival in Krakow, an influential cultural event that first took place in 1962, known then as the National Student Song Contest. She also won musical contests in Rybnik, Radom, and Elbląg and was one of the finalists of the Review of Stage Songs, being the 27th edition of Poland's oldest actors' song interpretation contest, which is set in Wroclaw.

paragraph: Section::::Kaddish for Rose.

paragraph: Since 2005, she cooperates with Marek Tercz, poet and composer from Kielce, who created music and lyrics for their recital 'Kaddish for Rose'. It was introduced for the first time to a wider audience during the 42nd Student Song Festival in 2006, however the official premiere took place a year later at Krakow's Tempel Synagogue in 2007.

paragraph: This project is meant to be released as a concept album that is inspired by the story of Rose, a Jewish eighteen-year-old girl killed in the Auschwitz concentration camp during the Second World War.

paragraph: The music is greatly influenced by Jewish traditional music, although it is accompanied by both acoustic and less conventional electronic instruments, such as electronic drums and synthesizers.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Currently she studies applied psychology at the Jagiellonian University.

description: Polish singer

wikidata_label: Ilona Sojda

wikipedia_title: Ilona Sojda


text:
American
track and field
decathlon
Pan American Games
1963 Pan American Games
São Paulo
decathlon
decathlon
1964 Summer Olympics
decathlon
Los Angeles
silver medal in decathlon
1971 Pan American Games
Cali, Colombia
Rick Wanamaker
Rick Wanamaker
Alice Arden
high jump
1936 Summer Olympics
Berlin
basketball
Sullivan County

categories: Athletes (track and field) at the 1971 Pan American Games,American male decathletes,Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field),Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,Former world record holders in athletics (track and field),Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics,1939 births,Living people

paragraph: Russ Hodge

paragraph: Russell "Russ" Arden Hodge (born September 12, 1939) is an American track and field athlete, world record holder in decathlon (1966–1967), Olympic competitor from 1964, and silver medalist from the Pan American Games (1971).

paragraph: Section::::Track and field career.

paragraph: Hodge competed at the 1963 Pan American Games in São Paulo, where he finished 4th in decathlon. He competed in decathlon at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, where he placed ninth. In July 1966 he set a world record in "decathlon" at a competition in Los Angeles, with 8,230 points, a record which lasted until May 1967. Hodge received a silver medal in decathlon at the 1971 Pan American Games in Cali, Colombia with a score of 7314, behind winner Rick Wanamaker.

paragraph: He finished fourth in the AAU National Championship in decathlon in 1963 and in 1964, and second in 1965 and 1966. In 1970 he finished second again, as he did in 1971, after a close race with Rick Wanamaker.

paragraph: Hodge did not compete at the Olympics after 1964. He became injured before the U.S. trials both in 1968 and 1972, and again in 1976.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Hodge is son of Alice Arden, who placed ninth in high jump at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. His father Russel "Rusty" Hodge was a semi-professional basketball player, playing center for the Liberty Emeralds.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: In August 2003, both Hodge and his mother were honoured with the Sullivan County Historical Society "History Maker" award. They are the only mother-son Olympians in the United States' Olympic history.

description: American decathlete

wikidata_label: Russ Hodge

wikipedia_title: Russ Hodge


text:
Blessed
Italian
Roman Catholic
priest
Order of Preachers
ascetic
convents
Forlì
Republic of Venice
Cistercian
nun
Dominican
Faenza
San Severino
Ravenna
Forlì
prophetic
ecstatic state
convent
Carino of Balsamo
Peter of Verona
spiritual director
cancer
heart attack
urn
translated
Santi Giovanni e Paolo
Pope Clement VII
Pope Pius V
Pope Gregory XV
Manhattan
Pope Benedict XIV
Mass
Santi e Beati

categories: 13th-century Roman Catholic priests,Italian beatified people,14th-century Italian people,1314 deaths,14th-century Roman Catholics,1231 births,Italian Dominicans,14th-century Roman Catholic priests,13th-century Italian people,13th-century Roman Catholics,13th-century venerated Christians,Prophets,14th-century venerated Christians,People from Venice,Italian Roman Catholic priests

paragraph: James Salomoni

paragraph: Blessed Giacomo Salomoni (1231 – 31 May 1314) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and a professed member from the Order of Preachers. He was a noted ascetic known for being prone to ecstatic states on a frequent basis; he served as a prior of several convents until he settled in Forlì where he remained until his death.

paragraph: Salomoni's beatification was approved in mid-1526.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Giacomo Salomoni was born in 1231 in the Republic of Venice to nobles; his mother raised him after his father died though his mother later became a Cistercian nun at which stage his maternal grandmother raised him.

paragraph: He became a Dominican in 1248 and became the prior of houses at several places such as Faenza and San Severino as well as Ravenna. But Forlì was where he settled for the remainder of his life. He gained fame for healing as well as for his prophetic abilities obtained through an ecstatic state. From 1269 he lived at a Dominican convent in Forlì and was called the "father of the poor". He also earned fame for being the person who received the confession of Carino of Balsamo - the murderer of Peter of Verona - and became his spiritual director.

paragraph: Salomoni suffered from cancer but he was cured some time before his death in 1314. He was serving in the choir when he suffered a sudden heart attack and died. Salomoni's remains were conserved in an urn at Forlì but in 1939 were translated to Venice to the basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo in a chapel.

paragraph: Section::::Beatification.

paragraph: In 1315 a brotherhood was founded to promote veneration for Salomoni. On 26 June 1526 he received formal beatification from Pope Clement VII upon the confirmation of his cult for Forlì. But it was not until 1568 that Pope Pius V approved that veneration for Venice; Pope Gregory XV approved his cult for the Dominicans in 1622.

paragraph: A shrine was built to Salomoni at the Saint Catherine of Siena church that the Dominicans manage in Manhattan.

paragraph: The oldest indult which Pope Benedict XIV quotes in this connection is that which Clement VII granted to the Dominicans of the convent of Forlì on 25 January 1526 to celebrate the Mass for the late Salomoni "as often during the year as their devotion may move them to do so" (Benedict XIV, "De canonizatione de SS.").

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Santi e Beati

description: Dominican priest and ascetic

wikidata_label: James Salomoni

wikipedia_title: James Salomoni


text:
Mariestad
Västra Götaland County
Finnish
ice hockey
EIHL
Coventry Blaze
Milton Keynes Lightning
Nottingham Panthers
Elite Ice Hockey League
HV71
HPK
SM-liiga
Jari Kurri trophy
AHL
Hartford Wolf Pack
2008–09
Al Montoya
Phoenix Coyotes
NHL
2009–10
Charlotte Checkers
ECHL
Anders Eriksson
San Antonio Rampage
EIHL
Milton Keynes Lightning
Coventry Blaze
Kevin Nastiuk
Finnish national team
Swedish national junior team
J20 SuperElit
Mestis
Jari Kurri trophy
Finnish
SM-liiga
SM-liiga

categories: Finnish ice hockey goaltenders,Hartford Wolf Pack players,Ilves players,Milton Keynes Lightning players,Swedish ice hockey goaltenders,HDD Olimpija Ljubljana players,Lukko players,Jokerit players,People from Mariestad Municipality,1984 births,Oulun Kärpät players,SaiPa players,HPK players,Nottingham Panthers players,Living people,San Antonio Rampage players,Kiekko-Vantaa players,Coventry Blaze players,Charlotte Checkers (1993–2010) players

paragraph: Miika Wiikman

paragraph: Miika Wiikman (born October 17, 1984 in Mariestad, Västra Götaland County) is a Swedish-born Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender who currently plays for EIHL side Coventry Blaze. He previously played for both Milton Keynes Lightning and Nottingham Panthers of the British Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL).

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Wiikman started his junior career in Sweden with HV71 before moving to HPK in Finland, with whom he won the SM-liiga championship in 2006 and was a recipient of the Jari Kurri trophy as the Playoff MVP. He signed an AHL contract with the Hartford Wolf Pack on June 4, 2007.

paragraph: Miika started the 2008–09 season splitting playing time with Al Montoya. After the latter's trade to the Phoenix Coyotes organization, Wiikman became Hartford's primary goaltender, finishing the season with a 21-8-3 record, during which he was awarded Player of the Week on January 27, 2008. On April 24, 2008, he signed an NHL entry-level contract with the Rangers.

paragraph: He opened the 2009–10 season again with Hartford before he was reassigned to the Charlotte Checkers of the ECHL. On March 3, 2010, Wiikman was traded by the Rangers to the Phoenix Coyotes for Anders Eriksson. He was then assigned to AHL affiliate, the San Antonio Rampage for the remainder of the season.

paragraph: On April 26, 2010, Wiikman returned to the Finland's SM-liiga, signing a one-year contract with Lukko for the 2010-11 season.

paragraph: On the June 21, 2015, Wiikman continued his journeyman career in moving to England, to play for the Nottingham Panthers of the Elite ice hockey league. Wiikman departed Nottingham in April 2017, following two years with the team.

paragraph: In September 2017, Wiikman signed with EIHL new-boys Milton Keynes Lightning as short-term injury cover following an injury to their number one netminder in pre-season.

paragraph: In August 2018, Wiikman signed for fellow EIHL side Coventry Blaze after it was confirmed that incumbent netminder Kevin Nastiuk was not returning to the club.

paragraph: Wiikman, a dual citizen, has played on the Finnish national team and the Swedish national junior team.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002-03 J20 SuperElit SM-silver Medal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003-04 Finland2 (Mestis) Rookie of the Year

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005-06 Jari Kurri trophy - awarded to the best player in the Finnish SM-liiga playoffs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005-06 SM-liiga Champion

description: Finnish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Miika Wiikman

wikipedia_title: Miika Wiikman