href: Jos%C3%A9%20Gervasio%20Artigas Montevideo black%20slaves waterboy gaucho Paraguay

text:
José Gervasio Artigas
Montevideo
black slaves
waterboy
gaucho
Paraguay

categories: People from Montevideo,1760 births,History of Uruguay,1860 deaths

paragraph: Joaquín Lenzina

paragraph: Joaquín Lenzina, commonly known as "Ansina", accompanied José Gervasio Artigas throughout his life as his most loyal friend and follower.

paragraph: He was born in Montevideo in 1760, son of black slaves. He was a waterboy who, still as a child, moved to the countryside where he became a "payador", a gaucho wandering minstrel.

paragraph: He enlisted as crew in a fishing boat which turned out to be a pirate ship. On discovering this, he fled to the Brazilian coast where he was captured and turned into slave.

paragraph: He was bought by Artigas, who liberated him immediately. In this way a deep lifelong friendship was established between them. He participated in various battles alongside Artigas. When Artigas was exiled to Paraguay, Ansina accompanied him.

paragraph: After the death of Artigas, Manuel Antonio Ledesma learned of the solitude in which Ansina lived and welcomed him to his home until his death in 1860. Unfortunately, due to the destruction caused by the war of Paraguay, his remains have not been found.

description: Uruguayan centenerian

wikidata_label: Joaquín Lenzina

wikipedia_title: Joaquín Lenzina


text:
visually impaired
alpine skier
Slovakia at the 2010 Winter Paralympics
2010 Winter Paralympics

categories: Medalists at the 2010 Winter Paralympics,Slovak male alpine skiers,Medalists at the 2018 Winter Paralympics,Medalists at the 2014 Winter Paralympics,Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Paralympics,Alpine skiers at the 2018 Winter Paralympics,Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Paralympics,People from Žilina,1990 births,Paralympic silver medalists for Slovakia,Paralympic gold medalists for Slovakia,Living people

paragraph: Jakub Krako

paragraph: Jakub Krako (born July 7, 1990) is a visually impaired alpine skier who competed for Slovakia at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. He won three gold medals and a silver medal at the 2010 Winter Paralympics.

description: Visually impaired disability skier from Slovakia.

wikidata_label: Jakub Krako

wikipedia_title: Jakub Krako


text: Clermont-Ferrand

text: Ecole Normale Superieure

text: Vito Volterra

text: Albert Châtelet

text: "Choc en tenant compte du frottement."

categories: French mathematicians,1962 deaths,Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences,People from Clermont-Ferrand,1890 births

paragraph: Joseph Pérès

paragraph: Joseph Pérès (31 October 1890 – 12 February 1962) was a French mathematician.

paragraph: Pérès was born in Clermont-Ferrand on 31 October 1890. Former student of the Ecole Normale Superieure, he worked in Rome with Vito Volterra and defended his doctoral thesis in 1915. In 1920 he became a lecturer at the Faculty of Sciences of Strasbourg and in 1921 held the mechanics chair of the faculty of sciences of Marseille.

paragraph: In 1932, he was appointed lecturer at the Faculty of Paris. He was elected member of the Academy of Sciences in 1942. He held the chair of mechanics in 1950 and Dean of the Faculty of Science in 1954, succeeding Albert Châtelet. During his deanship, he undertakes the creation of the Orsay campus. He was also one of the founders of the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques and its first président until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.:Articles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sur les transformations qui conservent la composition." Bull. Soc. Math. France 47 (1919): 16–37.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Choc en tenant compte du frottement." Nouvelles annales de mathématiques: journal des candidats aux écoles polytechnique et normale 2 (1923): 98–107.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Contribution à l'étude des jets fluides." Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 11 (1932): 57–66.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A French short biography of Joseph Pérès in "BnF"

description: French mathematician

wikidata_label: Joseph Pérès

wikipedia_title: Joseph Pérès


href: Ukraine badminton

text: Ukrainian badminton

categories: European Games competitors for Ukraine,1992 births,Sportspeople from Dnipro,Badminton players at the 2015 European Games,Living people,Ukrainian female badminton players

paragraph: Natalya Voytsekh

paragraph: Natalya Voytsekh (born 21 June 1992) is a Ukrainian female badminton player.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.

paragraph: Section::::Achievements.:BWF International Challenge/Series.

paragraph: "Women's singles"

paragraph: "Women's doubles"

description: badminton player

wikidata_label: Natalya Voytsekh

wikipedia_title: Natalya Voytsekh


text: Paris, France

text: University of California at Berkeley

text: Health Visitor

text: Alameda

text: Los Angeles

text: University of Chicago

text: tuberculosis

text: smallpox

categories: American nurses,University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration alumni,1895 births,American social workers,University of California, Berkeley alumni,1988 deaths

paragraph: Zdenka Buben

paragraph: Zdenka Buben (1895 – 1988) was an American public health social worker that pioneered the development of many professional standards.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Buben was born in Paris, France in 1895. Her mother did not like France, and thus her father suggested that they move. When Zdenka was two, Buben's father's friend arranged for Buben's father to transfer his work to New York, where the Buben family lived until 1908. In 1908, they moved to San Franscisco, where Buben finished high school. She went on to attend the University of California at Berkeley, where she originally majored in music. She switched her major to Hygiene, a department where people were trained as somewhat nurse and somewhat social work trainees. and went on to graduate and become a Health Visitor for the city of Alameda. Afterwards, her title changed, and she became a public health nurse in Los Angeles.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Buben joined the Council of Social Agencies in its Health Division. She eventually helped work toward establishing a school of social work in Los Angeles, and also established a Bureau of Social Work in the Los Angeles County health department. At the time, many private medical doctors were against publicly funded medical care, and the Health Department also feuded with doctors about who should exactly receive care. Despite being the chief medical social worker in her department, Buben actually did not have a degree in social work until she decided to do so in the 1940s. She went on to attend the University of Chicago and obtained her Master's degree in Social Work. Afterward, she returned to Los Angeles and returned to her old position as the Director of Public Health Social Work, and maintained that position until her retirement in October 1961. Throughout her career, she advocated for the development of professional standards. Some of her lasting legacy of practices are the development of a sliding scale of fees for indigent persons who wished to receive medical care; the development of numerous social work training schools; and connecting many social agencies, the Health Department, and medical providers with one another. Buben also was a proponent of preventative care for diseases that are preventable, particularly tuberculosis and smallpox. She also lobbied for standards for social work and better licensure practices. In recognition of her significant contribution to social work, Buben was inducted to the California Social Work Hall of Distinction.

wikidata_label: Zdenka Buben

wikipedia_title: Zdenka Buben


text:
footballer
Chapecoense
Santos
forward
Uberlândia
Minas Gerais
Santos
São Paulo
Uberlândia
Gabriel
Internazionale
Dorival Júnior
Copa do Brasil
Internacional
substitute
Série A
substitute
Jean Mota
Ponte Preta
Campeonato Paulista
Linense
Levir Culpi
Elano
Atlético Mineiro
Copa Libertadores
Jean Mota
Real Garcilaso
Chapecoense
Santos FC profile

categories: People from Uberlândia,Brazilian footballers,Santos FC players,1998 births,Association football forwards,Associação Chapecoense de Futebol players,Living people,Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players

paragraph: Arthur Gomes Lourenço

paragraph: Arthur Gomes Lourenço (born 3 July 1998), known as Arthur, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Chapecoense on loan from Santos as a forward.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Santos.

paragraph: Arthur was born in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, and joined Santos' youth setup in November 2012, after representing São Paulo, Uberlândia and Poliesportivo. In January 2015, he signed a two-year professional deal with the former.

paragraph: In September 2016, after Gabriel's departure to Internazionale, Arthur was called up to train with the main squad by manager Dorival Júnior. He was first included in a matchday squad on 19 October, for a Copa do Brasil match against Internacional, but remained an unused substitute in the 0–2 away loss and subsequent elimination.

paragraph: On 6 November 2016 Arthur made his first team – and Série A – debut, coming on as a late substitute for Jean Mota in a 2–1 away win against Ponte Preta. The following 4 January, after featuring in one further match with the main squad, he renewed his contract until December 2021.

paragraph: Arthur scored his first professional goal on 3 February 2017, netting his team's fourth in a 6–2 Campeonato Paulista home routing of Linense. After only appearing rarely with Dorival and Levir Culpi, he was made a starter by interim manager Elano, and scored his first goal in the top tier on 4 November by netting the first in a 3–1 home win against Atlético Mineiro.

paragraph: Arthur made his Copa Libertadores debut on 1 March 2018, replacing Jean Mota in a 2–0 away loss against Real Garcilaso.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Santos.:Chapecoense (loan).

paragraph: On 1 May 2019, Arthur was loaned to fellow top tier club Chapecoense until the end of the season.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Santos FC profile

description: Brazilian association football player

wikidata_label: Arthur Gomes Lourenço

wikipedia_title: Arthur Gomes Lourenço


text:
Tonga
Prince
Fiji
chief
Tongatapu
Aleamotu'a
Tu'i Kanokupulu
ʻElenoa Ngataialupe Lutui
Siale 'Ataongo
Nukualofa
Methodist
6 February
1881
Lomaloma
Vanua Balavu
Lakeba
Tubou
King
George Tupou I
Lakeba
Lau Islands
Tui Nayau
Lau Islands
Moala Islands
Vanua Balavu
Lomaloma
Tui Bua
Bua
Ritova
Tui Macuata
Macuata
Vanua Levu
Ratu
Seru Epenisa Cakobau
Vunivalu
Bau
United Kingdom
William Thomas Pritchard
Consul
Tovata Confederacy
Tui Lau
Levuka
Ovalau
Tubou
Lakeba
Lau Islands
Onewai
Tonga
Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe
Lau Islands#History

categories: 1816 births,1881 deaths,People from Tongatapu,Tongan Methodists,Tongan politicians,Fijian Methodists,Tui Lau,Tongan royalty,Fijian chiefs

paragraph: Enele Maʻafu

paragraph: ʻEnele Maʻafuʻotuʻitonga, commonly known as Maʻafu, (circa 1816 — 6 February 1881) was a Pacific islander who held important titles in two countries in the Pacific. He was a traditional Tongan Prince and a self-made Fijian chief.

paragraph: In 1874, Maʻafu went to Fiji in an expedition to Vanua Balavu to investigate the killing of a preacher.

paragraph: Section::::A Brief History.

paragraph: He was born in Tongatapu, Tonga, in 1816, as the son of Aleamotu'a, Tu'i Kanokupulu. In 1840 he married ʻElenoa Ngataialupe Lutui, with whom he had one child, Siale 'Ataongo, in Nukualofa. Also a Christian, 'Enele (Henry) Ma'afu introduced Methodist Christianity to eastern Fiji. Ma'afu died 6 February 1881 in Lomaloma, Vanua Balavu, and was buried on the island of Lakeba in the chiefly village of Tubou.

paragraph: Section::::The Beginnings of his Kingdom.

paragraph: The brother and official representative of King George Tupou I, who wished to keep him away from Tonga as a potential rival for the throne. In 1847, King Taufa'ahau of Tonga included his cousin Ma'afu in an expedition sent to Vanua Balavu to investigate the killing of a preacher. Ma'afu established himself at Lakeba as leader of the Tongan community in the Lau Islands in 1848. Aligning himself with the Tui Nayau, the Paramount Chief of the Lau Islands, he went on to conquer the Moala Islands and placed them under the Tui Nayau's authority. In 1850, Enele Ma'afu gave the Tui Cakau a canoe and in return the Tui Cakau gave the island of Vanua Balavu to Ma'afu. He went on to Vanua Balavu and took up residence in Lomaloma, after suppressing a religious war on the island. Using his alliance with the Tui Cakau and Tui Bua, or Paramount Chief of Bua, Ma'afu defeated Ritova, the Tui Macuata or Paramount Chief of Macuata, Ma'afu extended his influence through the northern island of Vanua Levu.

paragraph: War and Diplomacy

paragraph: When Ratu Seru Epenisa Cakobau, the Vunivalu, by then the Paramount Chief of Bau, made his first offer to cede Fiji to the United Kingdom in 1858, William Thomas Pritchard, the British Consul, warned Ma'afu - by now the most powerful chief in northern Fiji - that under British rule, further attempts to expand his power base would not be tolerated. Ma'afu shrewdly signed an agreement denying sovereignty over Fijians and claiming to be in the islands only to oversee the Tongan population. Following Britain's decision in 1862 not to annex Fiji, however, Ma'afu resumed his attempts to extend his rule. In 1867, he created the Tovata Confederacy, covering most of northern and eastern Fiji. This arrangement was not a success, however, and Ma'afu retired to the island of Vanuabalavu. He maintained his claim, however, to be the overseer of the Tongan population, and when the Tui Nayau raised the Tongan flag over Lakeba, Ma'afu took control of the Lau archipelago on the pretext that its Paramount Chief had declared it be Tongan territory, rather than Fijian.

paragraph: Ma'afu was faced with a crisis in June 1868, when the Tongan government disclaimed all sovereignty over Fijian territory, including the Lau Islands. Ma'afu could no longer exercise authority over Lau as a Tongan Prince. Lauan chiefs met in Lakeba and February 1869, and granted Ma'afu the title of Tui Lau, or King of Lau, Levuka, and Ovalau. He was subsequently recognized as such by the chiefs of Cakaudrove and Bua in May 1869. Ma'afu played a leading role in the cession of Fiji to the United Kingdom in 1874. Ma'afu has descendants living today in Tubou, Lakeba, in the Lau Islands known as the Onewai clan in Tubou, Lakeba. The large Onewai Clan live all over Fiji and around the world. He also had descendants in the Kingdom of Tonga, as Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe, the late Queen Mother.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lau Islands#History

description: Tongan  chief

wikidata_label: Enele Ma'afu

wikipedia_title: Enele Maʻafu


text:
née
Parliament of Victoria
Alexander Peacock
Premier of Victoria
by-election
1935 state election
East Framlingham, Victoria
County Antrim
Port Fairy
Methodist Ladies' College, Melbourne
Alexander Peacock
Australian Natives' Association
Robert Menzies
Victorian Legislative Assembly
Lady Peacock
"Peacock, Millie Gertrude (1870-1948)"
National Library of Australia

categories: 1870 births,People educated at Methodist Ladies' College, Melbourne,Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly,Australian people of Northern Ireland descent,United Australia Party members of the Parliament of Victoria,People from Port Fairy,1948 deaths

paragraph: Millie Peacock

paragraph: Millie Gertrude Peacock, Lady Peacock (née Holden; 3 August 1870 – 7 February 1948), was the first woman elected to the Parliament of Victoria. She was the wife of Sir Alexander Peacock, a three-time Premier of Victoria, and upon his death in 1933 won the by-election to replace him in parliament. She served only a single term, retiring at the 1935 state election.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Millie Gertrude Holden was born in East Framlingham, Victoria, to Marianne (née Arnold) and John Bryson Holden. Her parents were both born in Ireland. Her father – originally from County Antrim – had arrived in Victoria in 1855, and became a successful land agent and auctioneer in Port Fairy. Holden attended Methodist Ladies' College, Melbourne. She was first introduced to politician Alexander Peacock in 1899, when her family hosted members of the Australian Natives' Association during a conference. They married on 1 January 1901, when she was 30 and he was 38. After her husband's knighthood the following year she was known as "Lady Peacock".

paragraph: Section::::Parliament.

paragraph: Following Sir Alexander Peacock's death in 1933, Robert Menzies encouraged Lady Peacock to stand in the by-election for her husband's seat of Allandale. She did so reluctantly and, because she was mourning her husband's death, made no speeches. She was elected and sworn in as the first woman member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly on 21 November 1933. She retired from politics at the end of her term in 1935, saying that, "Parliament is no place for a woman."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parliament of Victoria. Women in Parliament, Lady Peacock

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Peacock, Millie Gertrude (1870-1948)" at National Library of Australia

alias:
Millie Gertrude Holden
Millie, Lady Peacock
Lady Peacock
Millie Gertrude Peacock

description: Australian politician

wikidata_label: Millie Peacock

wikipedia_title: Millie Peacock


text: Australia

text: weightlifter

text: University of Melbourne

text: 1950 British Empire Games

text: Auckland

text: New Zealand

text: 1952 Summer Olympics

text: 1956 Summer Olympics

text: Melbourne

text: Australian Weightlifting Federation

text: Australian Sports Medal

categories: Weightlifters at the 1952 Summer Olympics,Weightlifters at the 1950 British Empire Games,Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia,Australian male weightlifters,Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics,2005 deaths,1928 births,Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal,Weightlifters at the 1956 Summer Olympics,Olympic bronze medalists for Australia,Olympic weightlifters of Australia,Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia,Weightlifters at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games

paragraph: Vern Barberis

paragraph: Verdi "Vern" Barberis (27 June 1928 – 6 January 2005) was an Australian lightweight weightlifter.

paragraph: Barberis grew up in Melbourne and attended the University of Melbourne. He won a bronze medal at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland, New Zealand, lifting a total of . This was the first time that weightlifting had been contested at the Games. He won another bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics, becoming the first Australian to win a weightlifting medal at the Olympics. Later at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games he became the first Australian to win a weightlifting gold medal at a major international competition. The seven-time national champion rounded out his career at the 1956 Summer Olympics in his home city of Melbourne, where he finished 11th.

paragraph: Barberis was the first Australian lightweight to clean and jerk over which at the time exceeded the Victorian heavyweight record. His Australian records stood for many years and his Victorian snatch record lasted twenty years.

paragraph: Barberis was a highly respected teacher and trainer. Between 1969 and 1971, he served as President of the Australian Weightlifting Federation. He was later inducted into the AWF Hall of Fame, and on 30 August 2000 awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his weightlifting achievements.

description: Australian weightlifter

wikidata_label: Vern Barberis

wikipedia_title: Vern Barberis


text:
landscape
animal painter
Pontefract
Yorkshire
Michelangelo
Raphael
Subiaco
Vittoria Caldoni
Albano
August Riedel
Johann Heinrich Richter
Thorvaldsen Museum
Copenhagen
Enrico Coleman
Francesco Coleman
via Margutta
buffaloes
Beriah Botfield
etchings
Campagna Romana
Royal Academy
Nino Costa
Charles Coleman on Artnet

categories: People from Pontefract,1874 deaths,British male painters,Campagna Romana,British landscape painters,1807 births,19th-century British painters

paragraph: Charles Coleman (English painter)

paragraph: Charles Coleman (c. 1807 – 1874) was a British landscape and animal painter, born in Pontefract, in Yorkshire, England.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Coleman first went to Rome in 1831, to study the paintings of Michelangelo and Raphael. He became permanently resident there in 1835, and on 21 June 1836 married Fortunata Segadori (or Segatori) from Subiaco, who, along with Vittoria Caldoni of Albano, was one of the most famous Roman models of the time. Segadori had sat for August Riedel; a portrait of her by Johann Heinrich Richter is in the Thorvaldsen Museum in Copenhagen. The couple had eight children; their son Enrico Coleman (1846–1911), was also a landscape painter, in oils and watercolour, as was the younger and less well-known Francesco Coleman. The Colemans' first address was 25 via Zucchelli. In 1869 the family moved to 16 via Zucchelli, and for the first time Coleman set up a separate studio, at 33 via Margutta, possibly with the intention of providing space for his two painter sons.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Four of Charles Coleman's paintings, dated from 1845 to 1847 and all featuring buffaloes, are listed in the catalogue of the collection of Beriah Botfield. From 1848 to 1850 he made etchings of scenes and animals in the Campagna Romana, and these were published in 1850. He was dismissive of academic teaching, believing that observation from nature was the best education for an artist. He exhibited five times at the Royal Academy of London, for the last time in 1869.

paragraph: Coleman remained largely unknown in his native country but became a major influence on the Italian landscape painter Nino Costa, whom he met in the Campagna in the early 1850s. Coleman was considered the founder of the "Campagna Romana" school of painting in Italy.

paragraph: Charles Coleman died in Rome in 1874.

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Series of Subjects peculiar to the Campagna of Rome and Pontine Marshes, designed from nature and etched by C. Coleman" Rome: [s.n.] 1850

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Coleman on Artnet

alias:
Carlo Coleman
C. Coleman

description: British landscape and animal painter

wikidata_label: Charles Coleman

wikipedia_title: Charles Coleman (English painter)


text: Little Birdy

text: fraternal twin

text: Luke

text: The Sleepy Jackson

text: electronic music

text: Empire of the Sun

text: Jandakot

text: Mount Lawley Senior High School

text: The Plastik Scene

text: Little Birdy

text: Jessica Michalik

text: The Big Day Out

text: West Australian Music Industry Awards

text: She Will Have Her Way

text: Neil

text: Tim Finn

text: Australia

text: New Zealand

text: Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2005

text: Kate Bush

text: PJ Harvey

text: Paul Kelly

text: Confetti

text: Brunswick

text: Triple J

text: New York City

text: Richard Ashcroft

text: The Verve

text: Maurice Frawley

text: Josh Pyke

text: Fire Me Up

text: Triple J

text: Bandcamp

text: Little Birdy EP

text: EMI

text: This Is a Love Song EP

text: BigBigLove

text: Virgin

text: Hollywood

text: Confetti

text: Luke Steele

text: Maurice Frawley

text: Liberation Music

text: The Spirit of Christmas 2010

categories: People educated at Mount Lawley Senior High School,Australian people of Māori descent,Musicians from Western Australia,Australian songwriters,21st-century Australian singers,Australian people of Russian descent,People from Perth, Western Australia,Australian female singers,1983 births,Australian multi-instrumentalists,Living people

paragraph: Katy Steele

paragraph: Katy Elizabeth Steele (born 9 September 1983) is an Australian singer, guitarist and songwriter of the four-piece rock band, Little Birdy.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Steele was born Kate Elizabeth Steele and has a fraternal twin brother, Jake. She and her brother are the youngest in the family. Her father, Rick Steele, is an accomplished blues musician who still performs today, together with Katy's oldest brother Jesse on drums, in his band, Rick Steele & The Hot Biscuit Band. Her other older brother Luke, is the vocalist, guitarist and songwriter of alternative rock band The Sleepy Jackson and also a member of the electronic music duo, Empire of the Sun. Jake performs on keyboards with his own band, Injured Ninja.

paragraph: Steele grew up in the southern suburb of Jandakot and went to Mount Lawley Senior High School. She first started playing in Perth electro-pop band, The Plastik Scene, in 2001.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Little Birdy (2002–present).

paragraph: In 2002, Steele left the band and joined Simon Leach forming Little Birdy.

paragraph: Steele won the inaugural Jessica Michalik Contemporary Music Award, presented by The Big Day Out on 8 March 2004. In 2004, she was also awarded the Contemporary Music Prize by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA).

paragraph: At the 2005 West Australian Music Industry Awards Steele won the WAMi for 'Best Female Vocalist'. She also recorded a version of the classic, "Six Months In a Leaky Boat", on the compilation album, "She Will Have Her Way", a collection of Neil and Tim Finn songs performed by female Australian and New Zealand musicians. The song reached number 96 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2005

paragraph: In 2007, Steele won best female performer in the Australian live music awards. Katy has attracted comparisons to Kate Bush and PJ Harvey .

paragraph: Also in 2007, Steele was invited by Paul Kelly to open for him on his 2007 'Stolen Apples' tour. Faced with a long run of solo shows, Steele set about writing new material. The material was then adapted and forms the basis of Little Birdy's new album, "Confetti".

paragraph: In 2008, Steele relocated to Brunswick, with the other band members also moving to Melbourne. In early 2010 Steele announced on Triple J radio that she would be moving to New York and the band announced that they would be taking some time out to pursue other individual ventures.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Solo Career (2010–present).

paragraph: Steele moved to New York City in March 2010 for a change of scenery, and to start work on her new solo project.

paragraph: "I’ve always loved the idea of NYC. The largeness, the intensity, the struggle. A lot of my idols have either come from New York or moved there at some point, so it’s something I’ve always wanted to do. There has never really been a chance in my life before now to have a break, or to pursue other directions."

paragraph: In May 2010, Steele returned home for a whirlwind sold-out tour to the major capital cities. She showcased her new material, along with some old classics, and stirred the audience with insights into her new life, and love, in New York.

paragraph: July 2010 found Steele back in Australia supporting Richard Ashcroft (The Verve) on the Australian leg of his tour, and upon her return to New York, she announced her appointment as the Music Ambassador for the Williamsburg International Film Festival (Willifest 2010), for which a video for her song "Sorrow" was recorded.

paragraph: Steele collaborated with her brother, Luke on "Good Things" as part of a Maurice Frawley tribute album.

paragraph: In late November 2011 Steele featured in a new release singing harmonies with Josh Pyke on the song, "Punch in the Heart". The video for the song sees both singers in a split-screen view performing twin one-take recordings singing to the camera.

paragraph: On 13 March 2013 Steele's first single, "Fire Me Up" premiered on the Triple J radio program Home & Hosed. "Fire Me Up" was also available through Bandcamp, where the track could be downloaded for free. Steele's debut EP and album are expected to be released in 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Little Birdy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Birdy EP" – Eleven/EMI (6 October 2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "This Is a Love Song EP" – Eleven/EMI (1 March 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "BigBigLove" – Virgin/EMI (4 October 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hollywood" – Eleven/EMI (13 October 2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Confetti" – Eleven/Universal (8 May 2009)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fire Me Up" (13 March 2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Where's the Laughter" (12 August 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Human" (21 October 2016)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Solo.:Compilation appearances.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Good Things" (with Luke Steele) – "Long Gone Whistle: The Songs of Maurice Frawley" – Liberation Music (13 August 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Send Me Back My Dad" – "The Spirit of Christmas 2010" – Sony (Christmas 2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Newborn" – "When I First Met Your Ma" – Universal Music Australia (22 April 2011)

description: Australian singer

wikidata_label: Katy Steele

wikipedia_title: Katy Steele


text:
C.R.S.A.
canon regular
Abbey of St. Victor, Paris
Bishop of Avranches
Domfront
Gilduin
cathedral chapter
Séez
Pope Adrian IV
Henry II of England
chaplain
Richard of Ely
Eleanor
Louis VII
Edward the Confessor
Westminster Abbey
Premonstratensian
La Lucerne Abbey
Thomas Becket
Bibliothèque Nationale
Temptation of Christ
Hauréau
Alban Butler
Fourier Bonnard
Mohammad Ilkhani
Bernard McGinn
Gabriele Pennotto
Richard Stanton

categories: Bishops of Avranches,1100s births,Canonical Augustinian bishops,1171 deaths,Canonical Augustinian abbots and priors

paragraph: Achard of Saint Victor

paragraph: Achard of St. Victor, C.R.S.A., ( 1100 – 29 March 1171) was a canon regular, abbot of the great Abbey of St. Victor, Paris, and later Bishop of Avranches.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Achard is thought to have been born in England and educated in France, due to evidence from an early collection of Victorine epitaphs. Another theory is that he came from the noble Norman family of de Pertins of Domfront.

paragraph: He completed his studies at the monastery school of St. Victor, and entered the cloister there. On the death (1155) of the first abbot, Gilduin, he was elected to fill the vacant post, becoming the second abbot of the abbey (a post he held until 1161), at a time when the royal abbey was almost at the zenith of its glory and power.

paragraph: In 1157 the cathedral chapter of Séez, composed of canons regular, elected Achard as their bishop, and the choice was duly confirmed by Pope Adrian IV. But Henry II of England intervened and named his personal chaplain, Frogier, or Roger, to the office, thereby vetoing Achard's election. Subsequent relations between Achard and the Plantagenet king were quite cordial, however, with the abbot using (as revealed by a surviving letter from Achard to Henry II) his influence at the English Court to compel the royal treasurer, Richard of Ely, to disemburse for the benefit of the poor some moneys which he was unjustly detaining.

paragraph: In March 1161 Achard was consecrated Bishop of Avranches. Henry made no objection to his consecration, and later that same year Bishop Achard stood as godfather to Henry's daughter, Eleanor, born at Domfront. But the French king, Louis VII, was by no means pleased to see such a shining light of the Parisian church pass over into Norman territory, as is evident from a letter he then addressed to the prior of St. Victor's. In 1163 Achard was in England assisting at the solemn translation of Edward the Confessor in Westminster Abbey.

paragraph: He was a generous patron of the Premonstratensian La Lucerne Abbey, in the diocese of Avranches (the foundation stone of which he laid in 1164), in which his tomb and a fine, though damaged, contemporary effigy can still be seen. He was buried with the simple inscription "Hic jacet Achardus episcopus cujus caritate ditata est paupertas nostra."

paragraph: His brethren of St. Victor's celebrated his memory in the following lines:

paragraph: Not the least gem in Achard's crown is the memory of his unwavering friendship for Thomas Becket through the years. In the chronicles of St. Victor's, Achard is termed "Blessed".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: One treatise (Latin original and eighteenth-century French translation) of Achard's is extant in the Bibliothèque Nationale. It is a long commentary or sermon on the Temptation of Christ in the wilderness, and in it Achard discusses seven degrees of self-renunciation, which he calls the seven deserts of the soul. Hauréau in his "Histoire literaire du Maine", I, quotes several passages.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fragments of his dogmatic treatise "The Trinity" survive. These are edited in André Combes, "Un inédit de Saint Anselme? Le traité ‘De unitate divinae essentiae et pluralitate creaturarum’ d’après Jean de Ripa", (Paris: Vrin, 1944), with supplements by M-T d’Alverny, 'Notes 2. Achard de Saint-Victor. De Trinitate-De unitate et pluralitate creaturarum', "Recherches de théologie ancienne et medieval" 21, (1954), 299–306.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De discretione animae, spiritus et mentis "("The Discrimination of Soul, Spirit and Mind") is often attributed to Achard. This is translated in Nicholas M Haring, ‘Gilbert of Poitiers, Author of the De discretione animae, spiritus et mentis commonly attributed to Achard of Saint-Victor’, "Mediaeval Studies" 22, (1960), 148–191

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifteen sermons by Achard survive. The last of these is really a mystical tract, sometimes entitled "The Treatise on the Seven Deserts". They are reproduced in PL196:1381–1382. A French translation exists in Jean Chatillon, ed, "Achard de Saint-Victor: sermons inédits", (Paris: J Vrin, 1970)

paragraph: Section::::Translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh Feiss, ed, "On love: a selection of works of Hugh, Adam, Achard, Richard and Godfrey of St Victor", (Turnhout: Brepols, 2011) [includes translation of "Sermon Five: On the Sunday of the Palm Branches"]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hugh Feiss, ed, "Achard of Saint Victor: Works", (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 2001)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alban Butler, "Lives of the Saints", 2 May

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fourier Bonnard, "Histoire de l'abbaye royale et de l'order des chanoines reguliers de St.-Victor de Paris" (Paris, 1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mohammad Ilkhani, "La philosophie de la création chez Achard de Saint-Victor", Bruxelles, Ousia, 1999 (coll. Ousia, 38), 394 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard McGinn, "The Growth of Mysticism", (1994), pp395–8

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gabriele Pennotto, "Generalis totius sacri ordinis clericorum canonicorum historia tripartita" (Rome, 1642)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Richard Stanton, "Menology" (London and New York, 1892)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: French canon regular and bishop

wikidata_label: Achard of Saint-Victor

wikipedia_title: Achard of Saint Victor


text:
Republican era
tribune of the "plebs"
Lucius Manlius Acidinus
ovation
senate
Lex Porcia
tresviri epulones
praetor
Pisa
Ligurians
Catilinarian conspiracy
moneyer

categories: Ancient Roman prosopographical lists,Ancient Roman politicians,Porcii,Collective heads of state,1st-century BC Romans,2nd-century BC Romans,Numismatics,People of the Roman Republic,Roman Republican praetors

paragraph: Publius Porcius Laeca

paragraph: Publius Porcius Laeca was the name of several Romans in the Republican era, including:

paragraph: Section::::Publius Porcius Laeca (tribune 199 BC).

paragraph: P. Porcius Laeca was tribune of the "plebs" in 199 BC, when he prevented Lucius Manlius Acidinus from entering Rome to celebrate an ovation granted by the senate. As tribune, he proposed the "Lex Porcia". In 196, he was one of the "tresviri epulones". He was assigned as praetor in 195 to Pisa with the task of fighting the Ligurians.

paragraph: Section::::Publius Porcius Laeca (senator 63 BC).

paragraph: A P. Porcius Laeca who was a senator in 63 BC participated in the Catilinarian conspiracy.

paragraph: Section::::Publius Porcius Laeca (monetalis).

paragraph: In 110–109 BC, a P. Porcius Laeca was a moneyer ("monetalis").

wikipedia_title: Publius Porcius Laeca


text:
Old Norse
Swedish
Norwegian
Magnus of Norway and Sweden
de facto
de jure
Håkon V of Norway
Euphemia of Rügen
Magnus Birgerson
Birger, King of Sweden
Eric, Duke of Södermanland
Ingeborg Eriksdottir of Norway
Valdemar Magnusson
poem
Kalmar
duke Christoffer of Halland-Samsö
Magnus VII of Norway
Norway
Sweden
Varberg
Canute Porse
Danish
Scania
Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg
Canute Porse
Duke of Halland
Scania
Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
Eric, Duke of Södermanland
Magnus VII of Norway
Euphemia of Sweden
Canute Porse
Duke of Halland
Kristin Lavransdatter
Sigrid Undset

categories: 1301 births,House of Sverre,Disinherited European royalty,Regents of Sweden,1361 deaths,Swedish princesses,14th-century women rulers,Regents of Norway,14th-century Norwegian people,14th-century Swedish women,14th-century Swedish people,14th-century Norwegian women,Norwegian princesses

paragraph: Ingeborg of Norway

paragraph: Ingeborg of Norway (Old Norse "Ingibjörg Hákonardóttir", Swedish "Ingeborg Håkansdotter", Norwegian "Ingebjørg Håkonsdatter"; 1301 – 17 June 1361), was a Norwegian princess and by marriage a Swedish royal duchess with a position in the regency governments in Norway (1319–27) and Sweden (1319–26) during the minority of her son, King Magnus of Norway and Sweden. In 1318–1319, she was Sweden's "de facto" ruler, and from 1319 until 1326, she was Sweden's first "de jure" female regent.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Early life.

paragraph: Ingeborg was born as the only legitimate daughter of King Håkon V of Norway from his marriage with Euphemia of Rügen. As a child, she was first betrothed to Magnus Birgerson, the son and designated heir of Birger, King of Sweden. Soon afterwards the engagement was however broken for altered political reasons, and in 1305 she was betrothed to Eric, Duke of Södermanland, a younger brother of King Birger, thus uncle of her first betrothed. In 1312, Ingeborg and Eric were formally married in a double wedding in Oslo; at the same time, her cousin Ingeborg Eriksdottir of Norway, married Eric's brother duke Valdemar Magnusson. At her wedding, her mother Queen Euphemia had published the recently translated (by her command) famous poems, the Euphemia songs. The couple had two children before Duke Eric was murdered.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Leader of the Ducal party.

paragraph: Upon the imprisonment of her spouse and her brother-in-law, she and her cousin and sister-in-law, Ingeborg Eriksdottir, became the leaders of their spouses' followers. On 16 April 1318, the two duchesses Ingeborg made a treaty in Kalmar with the Danish duke Christoffer of Halland-Samsö and archbishop Esgar of Lund to free their husbands and not to make peace with the kings of Sweden and Denmark before they agreed to this, and the two duchesses promised to honor the promises they gave in return in the names of their husbands. Later the same year, their husbands were confirmed to have died.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Regency.

paragraph: Her son Magnus VII of Norway, at the age of 3, was proclaimed king of Norway upon her father's death, in rights devolved from her. Ingeborg was recognized as formal regent of her son in Norway. Soon, the Swedish nobility elected young Magnus king of Sweden after deposing Birger, and Ingeborg was made nominal regent of Sweden and given a seat and vote in the Swedish government and the title: "Ingeborg, by the Grace of God, daughter of Haakon, duchess in the Kingdom of Sweden". Duchess Ingeborg held her own court at her residence in Varberg. Letters 1318-1321 reveal that powerful Swedish men took advantage of the young dowager duchess by having her issue, alone and over her own seal, documents to their advantage as compensation for their support of the murdered dukes Eric and Waldemar and of little Magnus's right to the throne.

paragraph: The exact position of Ingeborg in the regency council is hard to define properly due to the documentation. Mats Kettilumndsson, her ally, presided over the Swedish regency council "alongside" the two "duchesses Ingeborg"; Ingeborg Håkansdotter and her cousin and sister-in-law Ingeborg Eriksdottir. Magnus, already King of Norway, was elected King of Sweden with the approval of the Norwegian council in her presence. Ingeborg was the only one with a seat in both the Swedish and the Norwegian minor regency and council of state. She was duchess of her own fiefs, which were autonomous under her rule, and a large number of castles which controlled big areas thanks to their strategic positions.

paragraph: "Ingeborg's position at court was not well-defined: she was the king's mother ("Kongemor"), but without being a dowager queen."

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Favourites.

paragraph: She was criticized for her way of conducting her own politics without the counsel of the Swedish and Norwegian councils, and for using the royal seal of her son for her own wishes.

paragraph: 1 October 1320, she liberated Riga from its debts in her name on behalf of her son. She was known to make large donations to her supporters. Canute Porse had been one of the supporters of her spouse and was appointed governor of Varberg. Ingeborg surrounded herself with young foreign men, thought to affect her politics, of which Canute was the most known. 12 April 1321, the Swedish council, after receiving complaints from the Norwegian council regarding a rumour of crimes and disturbances in Ingeborg's lands made by foreigners, told the Norwegian council to advise Ingeborg to listen more to the advice of the old experienced men in the councils rather than to young inexperienced foreign men; a law was created which banned foreigners in the Swedish council.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:The Scania affair.

paragraph: Ingeborg and Canute had the ambition to make the then Danish Scania a part of her possessions. In 1321, Ingeborg arranged a marriage with her daughter Euphemia and Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg. The marriage was arranged with the terms that Mecklenburg, Saxony, Holstein, Rendsburg and Schleswig would assist Ingeborg in the conquest of Scania. This was approved by the council of Norway but not Sweden. To finance the invasion, Ingeborg took a loan from Stralsund with free trade in Sweden and Norway as security. When Ingeborg's forces under command of Canute invaded Scania in 1322-23, Mecklenburg betrayed her to Denmark and the alliance was broken.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Conflict with the councils and diminished power.

paragraph: In 1322, open conflict broke out between Ingeborg and the Swedish regency council; the council of state made an agreement that no order from Ingeborg should hereby be accepted without the approval from the entire council, and all agreements made with her by individual councillors was hereby annulled. In 1323, Ingeborg was forced to accept the terms and give up several of her strategical castles and fiefs.

paragraph: 20 February 1323, also the Norwegian regency council rebelled against Ingeborg. She was accused of misusing the royal seal, to have broken the peace with Denmark and for greater costs, and was replaced as head of the regency. After 1323, Ingeborgs power was limited to what was approved by votes in the councils, which in practice had deposed her. 14 February 1326, in exchange for having her debts paid, Ingeborg gave up several fiefs and was forced to send Canute into exile and was stripped from all political authority in the Swedish regency council. In the Norwegian regency council, however, her signature was still needed in the peace treaty between Norway and Sönderjylland 14 June 1327.

paragraph: Ingeborg married her lover Canute Porse (d. 1330), a noble from less than royal circles, in 1327. While Canute was allowed to become Duke of Halland and holder of Ingeborg's inherited estates, her marriage was another reason why Swedes, and also increasingly Norwegians, did not allow Ingeborg to use her governmental power in these kingdoms. The year of her second marriage, Ingeborg was stripped from her power also in the Norwegian regency council.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Later life.

paragraph: Her husband was made Duke of Estonia in 1329. In 1330, she again became a widow. Her younger sons became dukes of Halland. Her eldest son became an adult in 1332, and the same year, Ingeborg secured Swedish superiority (until 1360) over Scania. After the death of her second husband, Ingeborg again took an important position in the life of her son the king, but it is not known how much influence she had on him.

paragraph: In 1336, Ingeborg welcomed her daughter Euphemia and her son-in-law Albert of Mecklenburg, Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg and Henry of Holstein with her own fleet to the coronation of her son and his wife in Stockholm. In 1341, Ingeborg and the counts Henry and Claus of Holstein went to war against Valdemar of Schleswig, John of Holstein and the Hanseatic league in Denmark. Not much is known of this conflict, but king Magnus sealed the peace by telling Valdemar to keep the promise he had made to Ingeborg in the peace treaty. In 1350, she inherited the title and position of Duke of Halland from her younger son.

paragraph: Section::::Children and family.

paragraph: With Eric, Duke of Södermanland, Ingeborg had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Magnus VII of Norway (1316–1374)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Euphemia of Sweden, duchess of Mecklenburg (1317–c. 1370)

paragraph: With Canute Porse, Duke of Halland and Estonia, Ingeborg had three children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Haakon, Duke of Halland, died 1350

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canute, Duke of Halland, died 1350

paragraph: BULLET::::- Birgitta, married Jon Hafthorsson and had issue

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: The controversy around Ingeborg's second marriage and the potential succession of her son Haakon to the Norwegian throne are an important part of the plot of the novel "Kristin Lavransdatter" by Sigrid Undset.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Den svenska historien. Medeltid 1319-1520" (Stockholm:Bonniers 1966), s. 14-18

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jerker Rosén : Den svenska historien 2. Medeltiden 1319-1520 (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nationalencyklopedin, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker AB, Höganäs (1992)

description: Norwegian politician

wikidata_label: Ingeborg of Norway

wikipedia_title: Ingeborg of Norway


text: Italian

text: Baroque

text: Belluno

text: Venetian

text: Filippo Parodi

text: Rome

text: Baroque

text: Bernini

text: Grinling Gibbons

text: Venetian Ghetto

text: bimah

text: Solomonic column

text: baldacchino

text: Basilica of St Peter's

text: Bernini

text: Cathedra Petri

text: gueridon

text: caryatid

text: atlas

text: blackamoor

text: Ca' Rezzonico

text: etiquette

text: Palazzo Quirinale

text: Villa Pisani

text: Justus Liebig

text: Victoria and Albert Museum

categories: 17th-century Italian sculptors,People from Belluno,1662 births,Italian male sculptors,1732 deaths

paragraph: Andrea Brustolon

paragraph: Andrea Brustolon (20 July 1662 – 25 October 1732) was an Italian sculptor in wood. He is known for his furnishings in the Baroque style and devotional sculptures.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was trained in a vigorous local tradition of sculpture in his native Belluno, in the Venetian "terraferma", and in the studio of the Genoese sculptor Filippo Parodi, who was carrying out commissions at Padua and at Venice (1677). He spent the years 1678-80 at Rome, where the High Baroque sculpture of Bernini and his contemporaries polished his style. Apart from that, the first phase of Brustolon's working career was spent in Venice, 1680–1685. Brustolon is documented at several Venetian churches where he executed decorative carving in such profusion that he must have quickly assembled a large studio of assistants. As with his contemporary in London, Grinling Gibbons almost all the high quality robust Baroque carving in Venice has been attributed to Brustolon at one time or another. In the Venetian Ghetto, at the Scola Levantina, Brustolon provided the woodwork for the synagogue on the "piano nobile", where the carved, canopied "bimah" is supported on Solomonic columns, which Brustolon had seen in Bernini's "baldacchino" in the Basilica of St Peter's.

paragraph: His furniture included armchairs with figural sculptures that take the place of front legs and armrest supports, inspired by his experience of Bernini's "Cathedra Petri". The gueridon, a tall stand for a candelabrum, offered Brustolon unhampered possibilities for variations of the idea of a caryatid or atlas: the familiar Baroque painted and ebonized blackamoor gueridons, endlessly reproduced since the eighteenth century, found their models in Brustolon's work.

paragraph: His secular commissions from Pietro Venier, of the Venier di San Vio family (a suite of forty sculptural pieces that can be seen in the "Sala di Brustolon" of the Ca' Rezzonico, Venice), from the Pisani of Strà, and from the Correr di San Simeone families encourage the attribution to him of some extravagantly rich undocumented moveable furniture. Andrea Brustolon's elaborate carved furniture aspired towards the condition of sculpture, such as the Dutch bases for console tables which look like enlargements of the work of the two Van Vianens, Paulus and Adam, perhaps the greatest Dutch silversmiths of the period. These carved pieces display the baroque tendency to develop a form three-dimensionally in space.

paragraph: Brustolon's walnut, boxwood and ebony pieces transcend ordinary functional limitations of furniture; they are constructed of elaborately carved figures. The framework of Brustolon's chairs, side tables and gueridons were carved as gnarled tree branches, with further supports of putti and moors carved in ebony. Backrests of the chairs, which were never touched in the rigidly upright posture that contemporary etiquette demanded, were carved with allegories of vanity, fire and music, etc.

paragraph: The most extravagant piece delivered for Pietro Venier was a large side table and vase-stand of box and ebony, designed as a single ensemble to display rare imported Japanese porcelain vases. The eclectic allegories include Hercules with the Hydra and Cerberus, moors and reclining river-gods (see ref.).

paragraph: For the Correr, less extrovert chairs bear female nudes extended along the armrests. For the Pisani, he carved a suite of twelve chairs (now at the Palazzo Quirinale) with flowers, fruit, leaves and branches to symbolize the twelve months of the year. Work by Brustolon is at the Villa Pisani at Stra.

paragraph: In 1685 Brustolon returned to the house where he was born at Belluno, and from that time devoted himself mainly to tabernacles and devotional sculptures in walnut, boxwood or ivory. His polychromed ivory "Corpus" from a crucifix is in the Museo Civico di Belluno, which preserves some of Brustolon's preparatory drawings for frames to be carved with putti displaying emblems. A pair of boxwood sculptures, "The Sacrifice of Abraham" and "Jacob Wrestling with the Angel", integral with scrolling "barocchetto" stands, were in the collection of Justus Liebig (Liebigshaus, Frankfort). An altarpiece, c. 1720, is at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

paragraph: He died in Belluno in 1732.

paragraph: Brustolon had many imitators working in his style, both contemporary, and later. The Venetian sculptor Valentino Panciera Besarel (1829–1902) made upholstered armchairs in the Brustolon manner from the 1860s.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biasuz G., and Buttignon M. G., 1969. "Andrea Brustolon" (Istituto Veneto Arti Grafiche) 1969

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gonzales-Palacios, Alvar, 1967. "Il mobilio del '700 veneto"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Semenzato, G., 1967. "La scultura veneta del Seicento e del Settecento" (Turin: Alfieri)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Valcanover, F., 1960. "Indice delle opere d'arte della città e provincia di Belluno" (Venice)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biasuz, G., and E. Lacchin, 1928. "Brustolon", preface by U. Ometti (Venice: Zanetti)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrea Brustolon, "Jacob Wrestling with the Angel", boxwood, Liebigshaus, Frankfort

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrea Brustolon, Side table and vase stand, boxwood and ebony, for Pietro Venier

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Corpus" of a crucifix, polychromed ivory (Museo Civico di Belluno)

description: Italian artist

wikidata_label: Andrea Brustolon

wikipedia_title: Andrea Brustolon


text: Liverpool

text: Anfield

text: Court Of Criminal Appeal

text: legal history

text: Millom

text: Cumberland

text: Barrow-in-Furness

text: Manchester

text: Calcutta

text: India

text: Shanghai

text: Guy's Hospital

text: Liberal party

text: Harrogate

text: election agent

text: Northallerton

text: First World War

text: Prudential Assurance Company

text: Liverpool

text: Anfield

text: Chemistry

text: Liverpool Technical College

text: botany

text: chess

text: violin

text: pianist

text: tramcar

text: sitting room

text: mackintosh

text: Prudential Staff Union

text: Court of Criminal Appeal

text: Bromborough

text: uraemia

text: pyelonephritis

text: Clatterbridge

text: Mr. Justice Wright

text: R v Wallace

text: Dorothy L. Sayers

text: James Agate

text: Winifred Duke

text: F. Tennyson Jesse

text: John Brophy

text: Edgar Lustgarten

text: Raymond Chandler

text: P. D. James

text: The Murder Room

text: J.B. Priestley

text: Richard Whittington-Egan

text: Harris

text: cognate

text: Parry

text: Sunday Times

text: P.D. James

text: mackintosh

text: P.D. James

text: The Skull Beneath the Skin

text: The Murder Room

text: Adam Dalgliesh

text: Charlaine Harris

text: Aurora Teagarden

text: Real Murders

text: The Black Museum

text: TV Reader's Digest

text: Killer in Close-Up

text: George F. Kerr

text: Melbourne

text: BBC 2

text: Deryck Guyler

text: Yorkshire TV

text: Eric Longworth

text: Jonathan Pryce

text: Anna Massey

text: Susannah York

text: Tom Georgeson

text: BBC Four

text: Lucy Worsley

text: The Way Through the Woods

text: Rex v Wallace

text: Miscarriages of justice

text: List of unsolved deaths

text: "Murder Most Mysterious" (1932)

text: "The Trial of William Herbert Wallace" (1933)

text: The Internet Archive

text: "The Anatomy of Murder" (1936)

text: Dorothy L. Sayers

text: "Verdict in Dispute" (1950)

text: Edgar Lustgarten

text: The Internet Archive

text: "Checkmate" (1953)

text: F. Tennyson Jesse

text: "Who was R. M. Qualtrough?"

text: Yahoo!

text: "Chess and the Wallace Murder Case"

text: Edward Winter

text: "Inside story: 29 Wolverton Street"

text: Daily Telegraph

text: "Riddle of the Man from the Pru"

text: Liverpool Echo

text: "The Killing of Julia Wallace"

text: Julia and William Wallace's grave

text: Anfield Cemetery

text: 29 Wolverton Street, Anfield

text: Google Streetview

text: 1949 recording of "Music, Murder and a Mackintosh"

text: The Secrets of Scotland Yard

text: Clive Brook

text: 1952 recording of "The Raincoat"

text: The Black Museum

text: Orson Welles

categories: 1931 crimes in the United Kingdom,1878 births,Unsolved murders in England,1933 deaths,People from Millom,People acquitted of murder,English prisoners sentenced to death,Deaths from kidney disease,Overturned convictions in the United Kingdom,Murder in Liverpool

paragraph: William Herbert Wallace

paragraph: William Herbert Wallace (29 August 1878 – 26 February 1933) was convicted in 1931 of the murder of his wife Julia in their home in Wolverton Street in Liverpool's Anfield district. His conviction was later overturned by the Court Of Criminal Appeal, the first instance in British legal history where an appeal had been allowed after re-examination of evidence.

paragraph: The case, with its strange background, has long been the subject of speculation and has generated many books, being regarded internationally as a classic murder mystery.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: William Herbert Wallace was born in Millom, Cumberland, in 1878. He had a younger brother and sister. On leaving school at fourteen he began training as a draper's assistant in Barrow-in-Furness. On finishing his apprenticeship he obtained a position in Manchester with Messrs Whiteway Laidlaw and Company, outfitters to Her Majesty's Armed Forces and the Colonial, Indian and Foreign Services. In 1903, after five years' service, Wallace obtained a transfer to the company's branch in Calcutta, India, where he remained for two years. On the suggestion of his brother, Joseph, who lived in Shanghai, in 1905 Wallace sought another transfer to Whiteway Laidlaw's branch in that city.

paragraph: A recurrent kidney complaint resulted in Wallace resigning his position and returning from China to England in 1907, where his left kidney was removed at Guy's Hospital. Little is recorded of Wallace's life after this time, until he obtained a position working for the Liberal party in Harrogate, rising to the post of election agent in 1911. During his time in Harrogate he met Julia Dennis (28 April 1861 - 20 January 1931), and they were married there in March 1914. All early sources suggested that Julia was approximately the same age as Wallace, but in 2001 James Murphy demonstrated from her original birth certificate that she was actually seventeen years older than he was. Her father was a ruined alcoholic farmer from near Northallerton.

paragraph: At the outbreak of the First World War, the position of Liberal election agent in Harrogate was discontinued, owing to the suspension of elections and a parliamentary truce, and Wallace once again found himself looking for a job. Through the help of his father, he obtained a position as collections agent with the Prudential Assurance Company in Liverpool. The Wallaces moved to Liverpool in 1915, settling in the district of Anfield. During the 1920s, Wallace supplemented his comfortable but mundane existence as collections agent by lecturing part-time in Chemistry at Liverpool Technical College. His hobbies included botany, chemistry and chess, and he learned to play the violin to enable him to accompany Julia, who was an accomplished pianist, in "musical evenings" at their home at 29 Wolverton Street, Anfield.

paragraph: Section::::The crime.

paragraph: Wallace, aged 52, attended a meeting of the Liverpool Central Chess Club on the evening of Monday 19 January 1931, to play a scheduled chess game. While there he was handed a message, which had been received by telephone about 25 minutes before he arrived. It requested that he call at an address at 25 Menlove Gardens East, Liverpool, at 7.30pm the following evening to discuss insurance with a man who had given his name as "R.M. Qualtrough".

paragraph: The next night Wallace duly made his way by tramcar to the south of the city at the time requested, only to discover that while there were Menlove Gardens North, South and West, there was no East. Wallace made inquiries in a nearby newsagent’s and also spoke to a policeman on his beat, but nobody he asked was able to help him in his search for the address or the mysterious Qualtrough. He also called at 25 Menlove Gardens "West", and asked several other passers-by in the neighbourhood for directions, but to no avail.

paragraph: After searching the district for about 45 minutes he returned home. His next-door neighbours, the Johnstons, who were going out for the evening, encountered Wallace in the alley, complaining that he could not gain entry to his home at either the front or the back. While they watched, Wallace tried the back door again, which now opened. Inside he found his wife Julia had been brutally beaten to death in their sitting room.

paragraph: Section::::The investigation.

paragraph: Up to his arrest two weeks later, Wallace made two voluntary statements but was never intensively questioned by the police although he was required to attend CID headquarters every day and was asked specific questions about whether the Wallaces had had a maid, why he had asked the man who had taken the telephone message at the Chess Club to be specific about the time he took it, and whether he had spoken to anyone in the street on his way back to his house from his abortive attempt to find Mr. Qualtrough. The police had evidence that the telephone box used by "Qualtrough" to make his call to the chess club was situated just 400 yards from Wallace's home, although the person in the cafe who took the call was quite certain it was not Wallace on the other end of the line. Nevertheless, the police began to suspect that "Qualtrough" was William Herbert Wallace.

paragraph: The police were also convinced that it would have been possible for Wallace to murder his wife and still have time to arrive at the spot where he boarded his tram. This they attempted to prove by having a fit young detective go through the motions of the murder and then sprint all the way to the tram stop, something an ailing 52-year-old Wallace probably could not have accomplished. The original assessment of the time of death, around 8 pm, was also later changed to just after 6.30 pm, although there was no additional evidence on which to base the earlier timing.

paragraph: Forensic examination of the crime scene had revealed that Julia Wallace's attacker was likely to have been heavily contaminated with her blood, given the brutal and frenzied nature of the assault. Wallace's suit, which he had been wearing on the night of the murder, was examined closely but no trace of bloodstaining was found. The police formed the theory that a mackintosh, which was inexplicably found under Julia's corpse, had been used by a naked Wallace to shield himself from blood spatter while committing the crime. Examination of the bath and drains revealed that they had not been recently used, and there was no trace of blood there either, apart from a single tiny clot in the toilet pan, the origin of which could not be established.

paragraph: Section::::Trial and appeal.

paragraph: Wallace consistently denied having anything to do with the crime, but was charged with murder and stood trial at Liverpool Assizes. The Prudential Staff Union believed that Wallace was innocent, and sponsored his defence. Despite the evidence against him being purely circumstantial, and the statement of a local milk delivery boy — who was certain he had spoken to Julia Wallace only minutes before her husband would have had to leave to catch his tram — Wallace was found guilty after an hour's deliberation, and sentenced to death.

paragraph: F J Salfield, who was present in the courtroom, commented, "what probably harmed [Wallace] most at his trial was his extraordinary composure. Like every other observer, I found enigmatic his seeming indifference to his surroundings. Shock? Callousness? Stoicism? Confidence? We shall never know."

paragraph: In an unprecedented move, in May 1931 the Court of Criminal Appeal quashed the verdict on the grounds that it was "not supported by the weight of the evidence", and Wallace walked free. The decision meant that the jury was wrong — appeals are usually brought on the basis of bad decisions by the presiding judge at the original trial, or by the emergence of new evidence.

paragraph: After his successful appeal, Wallace returned to his job in insurance but public opinion in the areas where he lived and worked was strongly of the view that he had been guilty and had 'got away with it'. Many of his previous customers shunned him; he was subjected to hate mail and physical threats and had to take a clerical job at his employer's head office. At the same time, he moved to a bungalow in Bromborough.

paragraph: Less than two years after the appeal, and still employed by 'The Pru', in February 1933 William Herbert Wallace died aged 54 from uraemia and pyelonephritis at the Clatterbridge Hospital.

paragraph: No other person was charged with the murder and it remains officially unsolved.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Since the murder various people have investigated the case, a few convinced of Wallace's guilt, most of his innocence. Several features of the case have captured the imaginations of a host of crime-writers: Wallace's stoic demeanour throughout, the chess-like quality of the puzzle, and the fact that almost every piece of evidence could be interpreted in two ways, pointing equally to Wallace's guilt or innocence.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.:Quotes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'This murder, I should imagine, must be almost unexampled in the annals of crime . . . murder so devised and arranged that nothing remains which will point to anyone as the murderer.' (Mr. Justice Wright, summing-up in "R v Wallace")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'The Wallace murder had no key-move and ended, in fact, in stalemate.’ (Dorothy L. Sayers in "The Anatomy of Murder")

paragraph: BULLET::::- 'It was planned with extreme care and extraordinary imagination. Either the murderer was Wallace or it wasn’t. If it wasn’t, then here at last is the perfect murder.' (James Agate in "Ego 6")

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Almost every fact in the evidence was accepted by both prosecution and defence; but every fact could be interpreted in two ways.’ (John Rowland in "The Wallace Case")

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘Whoever killed Mrs Wallace attained a distinction accorded to few murderers. His was the perfect crime, undetected, unexplained, motiveless, unavenged.’ (Winifred Duke in "Six Trials")

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘The case began to assume the unique character for which it is famous; it was not so much that the weight of the evidence swung evenly from one side to the other, it was that the entire evidence pointed equally convincingly in both directions.’ (F. Tennyson Jesse in "Checkmate")

paragraph: BULLET::::- '[The Wallace case] is more than a classic, it is "the" classic of criminology.' (John Brophy in "The Meaning of Murder")

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘... as a mental exercise, as a challenge to one’s powers of deduction and analysis, the Wallace murder is in a class by itself. It has all the maddening, frustrating fascination of a chess problem that ends in perpetual check. ... Any set of circumstances that is extracted from it will readily support two incompatible hypotheses; they will be equally consistent with innocence and guilt. It is pre-eminently the case where everything is cancelled out by something else.’ (Edgar Lustgarten in "Verdict in Dispute")

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘The Wallace case is the nonpareil of all murder mysteries ... I call it the impossible murder because Wallace couldn’t have done it, and neither could anyone else. ... The Wallace case is unbeatable; it will always be unbeatable.’ (Raymond Chandler, in "Raymond Chandler Speaking")

paragraph: BULLET::::- `Still unsolved, fascinating in its permutations, absolutely typical of the 1930s. Couldn't have happened at any other time, not in precisely the way it did happen... What is interesting is that the evidence, such as it was, could support either the prosecution or the defence depending on how you chose to look at it.′ (P. D. James in "The Murder Room", through character Conrad Ackroyd).

paragraph: BULLET::::- ‘The Wallace case of 1931 is regarded as the classic English whodunnit, a labyrinth of clues and false trails leading everywhere except, it seems, to the identity of the murderer... The setting is wintrily provincial, the milieu lower middle-class, the style threadbare domestic. J.B. Priestley's fog-filled Liverpool remembrance of "trams going whining down long sad roads" is the quintessence of it. Events turn tantalisingly on finical questions of time and distance; knuckle-headed police jostle with whistling street urchins for star billing, while at the centre of the drama stands the scrawny, inscrutable figure of the accused man, William Herbert Wallace, the Man from The Pru...' (Roger Wilkes, editor, "The Mammoth Book of Unsolved Crimes", 2005)

paragraph: Section::::The real murderer?

paragraph: In the 1960s, crime writer Jonathan Goodman made inquiries that led him to a man who had worked with Wallace at the Prudential. This man had done some of Wallace's collection work for him when the older man had been ill in 1928. Wallace had then had first-hand evidence that the younger man did not pay in all the premiums which he had collected. Yet for whatever reason, Wallace does not seem to have passed this information on to The Prudential.

paragraph: About a year later the young man left the company to join another insurance firm. Wallace was later told that while this man had not been sacked he had left under something of a cloud, his father making up some of his son's shortfall. He knew Julia Wallace well. Goodman mentioned him, but not by name, in his book "The Killing of Julia Wallace".

paragraph: In 1980, Roger Wilkes, a news editor, investigated the case for a radio programme to be broadcast on the 50th anniversary of the crime in early 1981. He learned that Goodman's suspect had given the police an alibi for the time of Julia's murder. The alibi had been a woman to whom he was engaged, but, after Wallace's death and after being jilted, she offered to swear to Wallace's solicitor that the alibi had been false. Wilkes also discovered that, on the night of the murder, the man had visited a local garage. He'd used a high-pressure hose to wash down his car and a mechanic at the garage had noticed that one of his gloves was soaked in blood. Wilkes attempted to track down the suspect, only to learn he had died but a few months previously. His name was Richard Gordon Parry, a junior employee at Wallace's insurance firm.

paragraph: In 1931 Parry was a spoilt young man of 22, with access to a car, and a lifestyle that meant he was always short of money. Wilkes's case is that Parry knew that Wallace's insurance takings for the day would have been in a cash box at Wallace's home. Since he also knew Mrs Wallace personally, it would have been no trouble to visit her on some pretext, once Wallace had been lured out of the house by means of the phone call sending him to a non-existent address. The murder of Julia Wallace for the insurance takings was somewhat in vain as there was very little in the cash-box that day. Parry was seen by the police as part of their investigations but was given a false alibi by his girlfriend. Wilkes went ahead and named Parry in his radio show, and later developed his case in a book.

paragraph: The case against Parry is much stronger than that against Wallace, and ascribes a more convincing motive. There was witness evidence of a blood-stained glove found in Parry's car on the night of the murder, when he took his car to a local garage for cleaning. The evidence from the man who cleaned the car was deliberately suppressed by the police at the time. Wilkes argues that there was, moreover, no motive or reason for Wallace to kill his own wife, and that he was charged because the immense publicity surrounding the case impelled the police to get a conviction at any cost. Parry died in 1980 without admitting any involvement in the crime. However, when Jonathan Goodman and his friend Richard Whittington-Egan confronted him on his London doorstep in 1966, Parry displayed an astonishingly detailed knowledge of the case, and was aware of the deaths of several obscure witnesses connected with the case.

paragraph: Parry may have been suspected long before Goodman or Wilkes began their investigations. In 1934 author Winifred Duke made oblique reference to the name of the killer as 'Harris', a common Welsh surname which is a cognate of Parry.

paragraph: Writing in the "Sunday Times Magazine" in October 2013, P.D. James refers to the conclusions of Goodman and Wilkes, but speculates that Parry made the "Qualtrough" call to the chess club as a practical joke in retaliation for Wallace's having reported Parry to their employers for dishonesty. She concludes that Wallace did in fact murder his wife and speculates that the murder weapon was an iron poker with which Wallace struck his victim, having first stripped and covered himself with the mackintosh which was found at the scene of the murder, spattered with Julia's blood, and that it was entirely possible for him to have done so within a reconstructed timeline of the events of that evening. She believes that "in the end justice was done, if only the fallible justice of men". This reading of the evidence must, however, be set against the fact that Wallace probably never reported his experience of Parry's dishonesty to their mutual employer and that Parry was not formally dismissed either at the time, or later. There is no evidence that Wallace attempted to use this information to coerce or blackmail Parry.

paragraph: In 2017, Ann Carlton, in her book "Penny Lane and All That: Memories of Liverpool", describes how her father—the late Sir Stanley Holmes—visited Wallace in his prison cell, at Wallace's request, after he had been convicted. Holmes was then a teenager working for Liverpool Corporation and was friendly with the sons of Wallace's regular chess opponent Mr Caird. Carlton wrote that Holmes said that Wallace revealed the name of the man he thought was the murderer; it was a man who Holmes knew from Lister Drive School. Carlton wrote that her father said the man was clever but a bad lot and some years after the murder he had seen him in the dock accused and convicted over a different matter. Speculating about Wallace's motives in asking to see her father, Carlton wrote that Wallace may have suspected that the city's local government establishment wanted to protect the son and nephew of one of their own, and that the case against him was brought to do just that. She added that she believed that the young man her parents knew and thought was a bad lot - and very possibly a murderer – was the man named by Roger Wilkes.

paragraph: In 2018, author Antony M. Brown surveyed all the published theories, both evidentially and logically, in his book "Move to Murder", before concluding that, on balance, a previously-unpublished theory "is the best explanation for one of the most puzzling murder cases in British criminal history." The new theory, first posited in 2008 by Merseyside-based researcher Rod Stringer holds that Richard Gordon Parry was indeed the brains behind a robbery, which turned to murder when Parry’s unknown accomplice was confronted by Julia Wallace after rifling the cash-box – after first gaining entry to 29 Wolverton Street on the pretext he was “Qualtrough”.

paragraph: Section::::Fiction.

paragraph: P.D. James's 1982 crime novel "The Skull Beneath the Skin" parallels the fictional murder of Lady Ralston with the real-life Wallace case. In the novel Lady Ralston dies a similar death to Julia Wallace, being battered in the face, and this leads the police to suspect her husband, Sir George Ralston. The presiding officer refers to the Wallace case to suggest that we should learn from Herbert's appeal that it is not always wise to initially place guilt upon the husband. James also directly refers to the Wallace case in "The Murder Room", a book in her Adam Dalgliesh series.

paragraph: The premise of Charlaine Harris's first Aurora Teagarden mystery, "Real Murders", is that of a serial killer imitating old murders. The first victim is killed and staged to resemble the Julia Wallace murder scene down to the raincoat beneath the body.

paragraph: A fictionalized version of this story was portrayed on episode 35 of the radio crime drama "The Black Museum" on August 26, 1952 entitled The Raincoat.

paragraph: Section::::Television.

paragraph: An episode of TV Reader's Digest entitled "Britain's Most Baffling Murder Case" aired on 14 May 1956.

paragraph: A television play based on the case, "Killer in Close-Up: The Wallace Case", written by George F. Kerr, was produced by Melbourne television station ABV-2, airing on 20 November 1957.

paragraph: An episode of the BBC 2 series "Jury Room" was broadcast on 12 September 1965. Entitled The Chess Player, it featured Deryck Guyler as William Herbert Wallace.

paragraph: A highly regarded drama-documentary, "Who Killed Julia Wallace?", was made by Yorkshire TV in 1975, with Eric Longworth playing William Herbert Wallace.

paragraph: Another TV drama based on the case, "The Man from the Pru", was made in 1990, starring Jonathan Pryce, Anna Massey, Susannah York and Tom Georgeson. It strongly hints at Parry's guilt.

paragraph: In October 2013, the Wallace case featured in the BBC Four series "A Very British Murder", hosted by Lucy Worsley.

paragraph: In the "Inspector Morse" episode entitled "The Way Through the Woods" the Julia Wallace murder was mentioned in passing at the beginning of the show

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rex v Wallace

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miscarriages of justice

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of unsolved deaths

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Murder Most Mysterious" (1932) by Hargrave Lee Adam, online copy at The Internet Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Trial of William Herbert Wallace" (1933) by W. F. Wyndham-Brown, online copy at The Internet Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Anatomy of Murder" (1936) by Dorothy L. Sayers, online copy at The Internet Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Verdict in Dispute" (1950) by Edgar Lustgarten, online copy at The Internet Archive

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Checkmate" (1953) by F. Tennyson Jesse, essay

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Who was R. M. Qualtrough?" case summary at Yahoo! group "Unsolved British Murders"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chess and the Wallace Murder Case" by Edward Winter at www.chesshistory.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inside story: 29 Wolverton Street" "Daily Telegraph" article, 12 May 2001.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Riddle of the Man from the Pru" "Liverpool Echo" newspaper link

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Killing of Julia Wallace" at www.geocities.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life After Trial Murder and William Herbert Wallace Part 1" at www.trivia-library.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julia and William Wallace's grave at Anfield Cemetery

paragraph: BULLET::::- 29 Wolverton Street, Anfield at Google Streetview

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1949 recording of "Music, Murder and a Mackintosh", episode from the radio series The Secrets of Scotland Yard, narrated by Clive Brook

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1952 recording of "The Raincoat", episode from the radio series The Black Museum, narrated by Orson Welles (names of the characters changed)

description: British person acquitted of murder

wikidata_label: William Herbert Wallace

wikipedia_title: William Herbert Wallace


text: Governor of Acadia

text: France

text: Huguenot

text: Claude de Saint-Étienne de la Tour

text: Georges de La Trémoille

text: Grand Chamberlain of France

text: Charles VII of France

text: Port-Royal

text: Acadia

text: Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt

text: Saint Croix Island, Maine

text: Charles de Biencourt de Saint-Just

text: Mi'kmaq people

text: Membertou

text: Virginia

text: Captain Samuel Argall

text: Port La Tour, Nova Scotia

text: Anglo-French War of 1627–29

text: King Louis XIII

text: Cardinal Richelieu

text: David Kirke

text: Saint John River

text: Saint John, New Brunswick

text: Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye

text: Isaac de Razilly

text: New France

text: La Hève

text: Charles de Menou d'Aulnay

text: Françoise-Marie Jacquelin

text: livres

text: Boston

text: Nicolas Denys

text: Chateau Saint-Louis

text: Quebec City

text: Jesuits

text: Hurons

text: Philippe Mius d'Entremont

text: Major General Robert Sedgwick

text: Saint John

text: Penobscot

text: Oliver Cromwell

text: William Crowne

text: Port La Tour, Nova Scotia

text: Port La Tour, Nova Scotia

text: Upper Port La Tour, Nova Scotia

text: Fort Lomeron

categories: 1593 births,1666 deaths,1640s in Canada,1630s in Canada,People of New France,Governors of Acadia,Acadian history

paragraph: Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour

paragraph: Charles de Saint-Étienne de La Tour (1593–1666) was a French colonist and fur trader who served as Governor of Acadia from 1631–1642 and again from 1653–1657.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Charles de Saint-Étienne de La Tour was born in France in 1593 to Huguenot Claude de Saint-Étienne de la Tour and his wife Marie Amador de Salazar, a descendant of Georges de La Trémoille, the Grand Chamberlain of France to King Charles VII of France. In 1610, at the age of 17, Charles arrived at Port-Royal in Acadia with his father in an expedition that was led by Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt who had been one of the original settlers in 1604 at Saint Croix Island, Maine before they moved in 1605 to their permanent settlement at Port-Royal. The habitation had been previously abandoned in 1607 by Biencourt de Poutrincourt and others due to financial troubles. The 1610 expedition also included Poutrincourt's 19-year-old son Charles de Biencourt de Saint-Just and a Catholic priest who set about himself the task of baptizing the local Mi'kmaq people, including their chief Membertou.

paragraph: In 1613, the habitation at Port-Royal was attacked by Virginia colonists led by Captain Samuel Argall. Several settlers were killed, others taken prisoner and the fort and goods were destroyed. Poutrincourt who had wintered in France to gather supplies returned to Port Royal the next spring. He was forced to return to France with the surviving settlers, and left his interest in the colony to his son. The young Biencourt and Charles de la Tour remained, living amongst the Mi'kmaq and engaging in the fur industry. Charles de Biencourt died in 1623 and left La Tour as his heir, though this was not recognized by the French crown. La Tour took charge of the colony and migrated from Port-Royal to establish himself at Cap de Sable (present-day Port La Tour, Nova Scotia), building a strong post called Fort Lomeron in honor of David Lomeron who was his agent in France. Soon after, La Tour married a woman from the Mi'kmaq tribe and started a family.

paragraph: With the onset of the Anglo-French War of 1627–29, Charles de La Tour knew he had to strengthen defenses if Acadia were to remain French. He wrote letters to King Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu, that were presented by his father Claude, requesting supplies and reinforcements, as well as a proper commission authorizing him to defend the area. Reinforcements were sent in the spring of 1628, however the ships were captured by the English under the command of Sir David Kirke, and the crew, including La Tour's father, were sent as prisoners to England. With the fall of Quebec to the English in 1629, the sole French stronghold left in New France was La Tour's Fort Lomeron. After his capture, Claude de La Tour made an alliance with the English and promised to win over his son, in exchange for being made a baronet of Nova Scotia and a large grant of land. When Charles was pressed by his father to surrender the fort he refused, stating that "he would rather die than betray his King." Upon La Tour's refusal, Claude de La Tour led English troops in an unsuccessful attack on Fort Lomeron.

paragraph: Section::::Governor of Acadia.

paragraph: In 1631, La Tour was formally granted a commission by King Louis XIII naming him lieutenant-general and governor of Acadia. He then relocated to the mouth of the Saint John River in present-day Saint John, New Brunswick where he built a new fort called Fort Sainte-Marie (later named Fort La Tour). The setting was described by historian M.A. MacDonald:

paragraph: The following year with the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, all the lands that had been seized by the British were returned to France including Acadia. In addition, Cardinal Richelieu sent his cousin, Isaac de Razilly, as the new lieutenant-general of all New France and governor of Acadia, conflicting with La Tour's commission from the prior year. La Tour and Razilly agreed to divide control of Acadia, the latter controlling La Hève, Port-Royal, and the Saint Croix area, while La Tour was given authority over Cap de Sable and the Saint John River, headquartered at Fort Sainte-Marie. Razilly unexpectedly died in 1635, and the amicable relationship the two leaders shared did not extend to his successor, Charles de Menou d'Aulnay.

paragraph: By 1639, Charles de La Tour's wife had died leaving three daughters, and realizing he needed a male heir to bolster his claim, set about contracting for a new wife. His sights fell on Huguenot Françoise-Marie Jacquelin and a marriage contract was signed on December 31, 1639. The contract authorized Jacquelin kept all her property and anything that she might inherit. She was also entitled to a half share of anything that she or her husband acquired during their marriage, and as a widow she would be entitled to half her husband's estate, with an inheritance fund and she would be the guardian of any children. Upon arriving in Port-Royal in June 1640, the couple married and moved to Fort Sainte-Marie.

paragraph: Section::::Acadian Civil War.

paragraph: In July 1640, Charles de La Tour and Charles de Menou d'Aulnay began a series of violent and costly confrontations that would last for the next five years. Hostilities continued to escalate and by 1642 d'Aulnay managed to get La Tour charged with treason and disrespect to the French Crown. Knowing he would be imprisoned if he were to return to France, La Tour sent his wife, Françoise-Marie, to advocate on his behalf which she did skillfully. She was allowed to return to Acadia with a warship to help her husband defend himself. In the Spring of 1643, La Tour led a party of English mercenaries against the Acadian colony at Port-Royal. His 270 Puritan and Huguenot troops killed three, burned a mill, slaughtered cattle and seized 18,000 livres of furs.

paragraph: In 1645, while La Tour was in Boston seeking reinforcements and drumming up more support for his cause, d'Aulnay retaliated by seizing all of La Tour's possessions and outposts, especially Fort La Tour at Saint John and Cap de Sable. In the Battle of Saint John, La Tour's wife defended the fort for three days. On the fourth day despite losing 33 men, d'Aulnay was able to breach the fort, and La Tour's men were sent to the gallows, forcing Françoise-Marie to watch with a rope around her own neck. Three weeks later she died at age 24 while a prisoner as documented by Nicolas Denys' letters and journals of the drama. Upon learning of his wife's death, and the loss of all his possessions, La Tour sought refuge at the Chateau Saint-Louis in Quebec City where he was welcomed by Governor Charles Jacques Huault de Montmagny, and d'Aulnay became the sole governor of Acadia.

paragraph: Section::::Later years and death.

paragraph: During the next four years while in exile in Quebec, Charles de La Tour continued in the fur trade, assisted the Jesuits in their missionary efforts, and occasionally fought with the Hurons against the Iroquois. In 1650, d'Aulnay died when his canoe capsized. La Tour promptly returned to France to plead his case and was successfully rehabilitated in the royal favor, as well as having his property and his commission as governor being restored. He returned to Acadia in 1653, along with several new colonist families including his friend Philippe Mius d'Entremont, to whom he awarded one of the few fiefs to constitute territory in North America. In an effort to bring an end to the rivalry between the La Tour and d'Aulnay faction, Charles de La Tour married a third time to Jeanne Motin, the widow of his former enemy in February 24, 1653.

paragraph: In 1654, an English expedition under the command of Major General Robert Sedgwick captured the forts of Saint John, Port Royal, and the settlement of Penobscot adding Acadia to the British dominions. La Tour was taken prisoner to England, and it was not until 1656 that he was granted an audience with Oliver Cromwell to request the return of his property. Recognized as a baronet of Nova Scotia, as his father's heir, Cromwell granted his request on the condition that he accept English allegiance and pay both the amount he owed Boston merchants and the cost of the English garrison maintained at Saint John. In an effort to raise funds to cover these funds, he took on William Crowne and Colonel William Temple as joint proprietors of Acadia. Soon afterwards he sold his rights to his two partners, retaining only a small percentage of the profit. La Tour then retired to Cap de Sable (present-day Port La Tour, Nova Scotia), with his wife, where he died in 1666.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Charles de Saint-Étienne de La Tour was married three times.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The communities of Port La Tour, Nova Scotia and Upper Port La Tour, Nova Scotia are named after Charles La Tour.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at "the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fort Lomeron

description: Governor of Acadia

wikidata_label: Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour

wikipedia_title: Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour


text: 24 Hours of Daytona

text: 12 Hours of Sebring

text: 24 Hours of Spa

text: 24 Hours of Le Mans

text: Audi R8R

text: Emanuele Pirro

text: Frank Biela

text: Super Vee

text: American Racing Series

text: Indy Lights

text: European Formula Three Championship

text: Formula 2

text: Monaco Formula 3 Grand Prix

text: CART

text: Indianapolis 500

text: IMSA GT Championship

text: Ferrari 333SP

text: Mauro Baldi

text: Arie Luyendyk

text: Giampiero Moretti

text: Fredy Lienhard

text: Max Papis

text: Watkins Glen

text: FIA Sportscar Championship

text: Grand-Am

text: Monza

text: Nürburgring

text: Porsche RS Spyder

text: Maserati MC 12

text: ALMS

text: Petit Le Mans

text: DrivingXllence

text: Didier Theys' IndyCar statistics

categories: People from Nivelles,European Le Mans Series drivers,24 Hours of Le Mans drivers,World Sportscar Championship drivers,Formula Ford drivers,European Touring Car Championship drivers,24 Hours of Spa drivers,12 Hours of Sebring drivers,1956 births,Champ Car drivers,Indianapolis 500 drivers,American Le Mans Series drivers,Rolex Sports Car Series drivers,SCCA Formula Super Vee drivers,World Touring Car Championship drivers,French Formula Three Championship drivers,Living people,24 Hours of Daytona drivers,German Formula Three Championship drivers,European Formula Two Championship drivers,Indy Lights drivers,FIA European Formula 3 Championship drivers,Belgian racing drivers

paragraph: Didier Theys

paragraph: Didier Theys (born 19 October 1956) is a Belgian sports car driver. He is a two-time overall winner of the 24 Hours of Daytona (1998 and 2002); a winner of the 12 Hours of Sebring (1998); the Sports Racing Prototype driver champion of the Grand-American Road Racing Association (2002) and the winner of the 24 Hours of Spa (1987 in a factory BMW). He was also the polesitter (1996) and a podium finisher at the 24 Hours of Le Mans (1997, 1998 and 1999). The podium finish in 1999 was a third overall in the factory Audi R8R with co-drivers Emanuele Pirro and Frank Biela. Theys’ first appearance at Le Mans was in 1982, while his last start in the world’s most famous endurance sports car race came 20 years later in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Formula racing.

paragraph: Theys won the Belgium Karting championship in 1977. Later he competed in several feeder formulae: he won several Formula Ford championships in the late 1970s and early 1980s; the U.S. Bosch Super Vee championship in 1986; and the American Racing Series (now Indy Lights) championship in 1987. He was also successful in the European Formula Three Championship and Formula 2 in the 1980s. He finished third in the Monaco Formula 3 Grand Prix in 1985.

paragraph: Theys competed in the CART Indy Car Series from 1987 to 1993 with 47 career starts, including the Indianapolis 500 three times (1989, 1990 and 1993). He finished in the top ten 10 times in CART events, and his best career finish in that series was a third position in Miami in 1988.

paragraph: Section::::IMSA.

paragraph: Theys ran the IMSA GT Championship in 1995 on a Ferrari 333SP. He finished fourth in 1996, 11th in 1997 and 6th in the series' final season in 1998.

paragraph: Section::::1998 season.

paragraph: Theys' 1998 victories at Daytona and Sebring came in the Kevin Doran-prepared MOMO Ferrari with co-drivers Mauro Baldi, Arie Luyendyk and Giampiero Moretti. His 2002 Daytona victory came in the Doran Lista Dallara Judd with co-drivers Baldi, Fredy Lienhard and Max Papis.

paragraph: His 1998 season was a record-setter, as in addition to winning Daytona and Sebring, Theys also won the Six Hours of Watkins Glen.

paragraph: He also finished second overall in the FIA Sportscar Championship that year, winning at Paul Ricard, France.

paragraph: Section::::2000-2002 seasons.

paragraph: In addition to his Grand-Am driver championship in 2002, Theys finished third in the driver point standings in that series in 2001 and was the runner-up in 2000. He had four victories in his championship 2002 season, and established the largest margin of victory in series history in winning the race at Mont-Tremblant, Quebec from the pole that year.

paragraph: Section::::After 2002.

paragraph: Prior to retiring from pro racing in March 2009, Theys also competed in the Le Mans Series in Europe with Horag Racing from 2005 through 2008, winning the Monza 1,000 km race in the LMP2 category in 2007 and a similar event at the Nürburgring in 2005 in a Lola Judd. He finished his pro driving career in the Horag Racing-prepared Lista Office Porsche RS Spyder in the Le Mans Series’ LMP2 division in 2008, finishing second in class at Spa and Silverstone, third at Monza and winning the Michelin Energy Challenge that season.

paragraph: Theys also drove a Maserati MC 12 for Doran Racing in the ALMS in 2007, an effort that stunned the GT1 class when it beat the factory Corvettes to win the pole at the Petit Le Mans that year.

paragraph: Section::::Accomplishments.

paragraph: Upon his retirement from driving professionally, Theys had finished on the podium 61 times in sports car races all over the world, with 18 victories, 22 second-place finishes and 21 third-place finishes through the end of the 2008 season. He has the most professional victories of anyone in a Ferrari 333 SP with 10.

paragraph: He received the prestigious Driver of the Year Award in his native Belgium in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Post-retirement.

paragraph: Theys currently works as a racing driver coach and consultant. He is also the Driving Director of DrivingXllence, an automotive event company that allows guests to experience the exhilaration and adrenaline of being behind the wheel of the world’s newest and best Supercars.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Although he never gave up his Belgium citizenship, Theys resides in Scottsdale, Ariz., for many years, and still lives there. That municipality honored him with the keys to the city in honor of his GRAND-AM driver championship and second 24 Hours of Daytona victory.

paragraph: He is married to Florence Richardson.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Didier Theys' IndyCar statistics

paragraph: BULLET::::- Didier Theys' ARS (Indy Lights) statistics

description: Belgian racecar driver

wikidata_label: Didier Theys

wikipedia_title: Didier Theys