text: Regius Professor of Hebrew

text: University of Oxford

text: Oxford Movement

text: Pusey

text: Philip Pusey

text: Richard Lynch Cotton

text: preparatory school

text: Mitcham

text: Eton College

text: Thomas Thellusson Carter

text: Edward Maltby

text: Christ Church

text: Thomas Vowler Short

text: Oriel College, Oxford

text: John Henry Newman

text: John Keble

text: University of Göttingen

text: Edward Cardwell

text: Henry Liddon

text: Alexander Nicoll

text: holy orders

text: Duke of Wellington

text: Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford

text: canonry

text: Tracts for the Times

text: fasting

text: baptism

text: Library of the Fathers

text: Church Fathers

text: Caroline Divines

text: Reformation

text: Gorham controversy

text: Essays and Reviews

text: Benjamin Jowett

text: Real Presence

text: ritualism in the Church of England

text: Library of the Fathers

text: Lewis Carroll

text: Pusey House

text: Hugh James Rose

text: rationalist

text: Pietists

text: Eucharist

text: Church of England

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: everlasting punishment

text: Frederic William Farrar

text: George Edward Jelf

text: feast day

text: calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA)

text: Fairford Park

text: Philip Edward

text: Saint Cyril of Alexandria

text: Sacramental union

text: Friedrich Tholuck

text: Frederick Field

text: James Harrison Rigg

text: Bourchier Wrey Savile

text: "Life of Edward Bouverie Pusey"

text: Henry Parry Liddon

text: Pusey's Works

text: Project Canterbury

text: Pusey, Edward Bouverie

text: Pusey Family papers, 1836-1882

text: Candler School of Theology

text: Pusey House

categories: People educated at Eton College,English Anglo-Catholics,1882 deaths,1800 births,English Anglican theologians,British Hebraists,Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford,Anglican saints,19th-century English Anglican priests,University of Göttingen alumni,Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford,Fellows of Christ Church, Oxford,Regius Professors of Hebrew (University of Oxford),English sermon writers,Burials at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford,People from Berkshire (before 1974)

paragraph: Edward Bouverie Pusey

paragraph: Edward Bouverie Pusey (; 22 August 1800 – 16 September 1882) was an English churchman, for more than fifty years Regius Professor of Hebrew at the University of Oxford. He was one of the main promoters of the Oxford Movement.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: He was born in the village of Pusey in Berkshire. His father (d. 1828) was born Philip Bouverie, a younger son of Jacob des Bouverie, 1st Viscount Folkestone; he adopted the name of "Pusey" on succeeding to the manorial estates there. Philip Pusey was his older brother; his sister Charlotte married Richard Lynch Cotton.

paragraph: Pusey attended the preparatory school of the Rev. Richard Roberts in Mitcham. He then attended Eton College, where he was taught by Thomas Carter, father of Thomas Thellusson Carter. For university admission he was tutored for a period by Edward Maltby.

paragraph: In 1819 Pusey became a commoner of Christ Church, a college at the University of Oxford, where Thomas Vowler Short was his tutor. He graduated in 1822 with a first.

paragraph: Section::::Fellow and professor.

paragraph: During 1823 Pusey was elected by competition to a fellowship at Oriel College, Oxford. John Henry Newman and John Keble were already there as fellows.

paragraph: Between 1825 and 1827, Pusey studied Oriental languages and German theology at the University of Göttingen. A claim that, during the 1820s, only two Oxford academics knew German, one being Edward Cardwell, was advanced by Henry Liddon; but was not well evidenced, given that Alexander Nicoll, ignored by Liddon, corresponded in German.

paragraph: In 1828 Pusey took holy orders, and he married soon afterwards. His opinions had been influenced by German trends in theology. That year, also, the Duke of Wellington as Prime Minister appointed Pusey as Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford, with the associated canonry of Christ Church.

paragraph: Section::::Oxford Movement.

paragraph: By the end of 1833, Pusey began sympathising with the authors of the "Tracts for the Times". He published Tract XVIII, on fasting, at the end of 1833, adding his initials (until then the tracts had been unsigned). "He was not, however, fully associated with the movement till 1835 and 1836, when he published his tract on baptism and started the "Library of the Fathers"".

paragraph: When John Henry Newman quit the Church of England for the Roman Catholic church around 1841, Pusey became the main promoter of Oxfordianism, with better access to religious officials than John Keble with his rural parsonage. But Pusey himself was a widower, having lost his wife during 1839, and much affected by personal grief. Oxfordianism was known popularly as "Puseyism" and its adherents as "Puseyites". Some occasions when Pusey preached at his university marked distinct stages for the High Church philosophy he promoted. The practice of confession in the Church of England practically dates from his two sermons on "The Entire Absolution of the Penitent", during 1846, which both revived high sacramental doctrine and advocated revival of the penitential system which medieval theologians had appended to it. The 1853 sermon on "The Presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist", first formulated the doctrine which became largely the basis for the theology of his devotees, and transformed the practices of Anglican worship.

paragraph: Section::::Controversialist.

paragraph: Pusey studied the Church Fathers, and the Caroline Divines who revived traditions of pre-Reformation teaching. His sermon at the university during May 1843, "The Holy Eucharist, a Comfort to the Penitent" caused him to be suspended for two years from preaching. The condemned sermon soon sold 18,000 copies.

paragraph: Pusey was involved with theological and academic controversies, occupied with articles, letters, treatises and sermons. He was involved with the Gorham controversy of 1850, with the question of Oxford reform during 1854, with the prosecution of some of the writers of "Essays and Reviews", especially of Benjamin Jowett, during 1863, and with the question as to the reform of the marriage laws from 1849 to the end of his life.

paragraph: By reviving the doctrine of the Real Presence, Pusey contributed to the increase of ritualism in the Church of England. He had little sympathy with ritualists, however, and protested that as part of a university sermon of 1859. He came to defend those who were accused of violating the law by their practice of ritual; but the Ritualists largely ignored the Puseyites.

paragraph: Section::::Later life and legacy.

paragraph: Pusey edited the "Library of the Fathers", a series of translations of the work of the Church fathers. Among the translators was his contemporary at Christ Church, Charles Dodgson. He also befriended and assisted Dodgson's son "Lewis Carroll" when he came to Christ Church. When Dodgson Sr. mourned the death of his wife (Carroll's mother), Pusey wrote to him:

paragraph: Not a great orator, Pusey compelled attention by his earnestness. His major influence was as a preacher and spiritual adviser, for which his correspondence was enormous. In private life his habits were simple almost to austerity. He had few personal friends, and rarely mingled with general society; though harsh to opponents, he was gentle to those who knew him, and gave freely to charities. His main characteristic was a capacity for detailed work.

paragraph: From 1880 Pusey was seen by only a few persons. His strength gradually decreased, and he died on 16 September 1882, after a brief illness. He was buried at Oxford in the cathedral of which he had been for fifty-four years a canon. In his memory his friends purchased his library, and bought for it a house in Oxford, now Pusey House. It was endowed with funds for librarians, who were to perpetuate in the university Pusey's principles.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Pusey's first work, "An Historical Enquiry into the Probable Causes of the Rationalist Character Lately Predominant in the Theology of Germany" of 1828, was an answer to Hugh James Rose's Cambridge lectures on rationalist tendencies in German theology. Rose's "State of Protestantism in Germany Described" has been called "over-simplified and polemical", and Pusey had been encouraged by German friends to reply. Pusey showed sympathy with the Pietists; misunderstood, he was himself accused of having rationalist opinions. During 1830 he published a second part of the "Historical Enquiry".

paragraph: Other major works by Pusey were:

paragraph: BULLET::::- two books on the Eucharist, "The Doctrine of the Real Presence" (1855) and "The Real Presence ... the Doctrine of the English Church" (1857);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daniel the Prophet", supporting the traditional historical dating of that book;

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Minor Prophets, with Commentary", his main contribution as Professor of Hebrew;

paragraph: BULLET::::- the "Eirenicon", an endeavour to find a basis of union between the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church);

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What is of Faith as to Everlasting Punishment: In Reply to Dr. Farrar's Challenge in His "Eternal Hope", 1879" (1881), in the controversy over everlasting punishment on "Eternal Hope" (1878) by Frederic William Farrar

paragraph: "Christus consolator" (1883) was published after his death, edited by his godson and friend George Edward Jelf.

paragraph: Section::::Veneration.

paragraph: The Church of England remembers Pusey annually with a feast day on the anniversary of his death; the Episcopal Church translates his memorial on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) to 18 September.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Pusey married during 1828 Maria Catherine Barker (1801–1839), daughter of Raymond Barker of Fairford Park; they had a son and three daughters. His son, Philip Edward (1830–1880), edited an edition of Saint Cyril of Alexandria's commentary on the minor prophets.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sacramental union

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Tholuck

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frederick Field (contributor of the "Bibliotheca Patrum")

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Strong, Rowan, and Carol Engelhardt Herringer, eds. "Edward Bouverie Pusey and the Oxford Movement" (Anthem Press; 2013) 164 pages; new essays by scholars

paragraph: BULLET::::- Faught, C. Brad (2003). "The Oxford Movement: A Thematic History of the Tractarians and Their Times", University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Harrison Rigg, "Character and Life-Work of Dr Pusey" (1883)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bourchier Wrey Savile, "Dr Pusey, an Historic Sketch, with Some Account of the Oxford Movement" (1883)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Life of Edward Bouverie Pusey" by Henry Parry Liddon, completed by J. C. Johnston and R. J. Wilson (5 vols, 1893–1899),

paragraph: BULLET::::- Newman's "Apologia", and other literature of the Oxford Movement.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Chapman, "A Catholicism of the Word and a Catholicism of Devotion: Pusey, Newman and the first Eirenicon," "Zeitschrift für Neuere Theologiegeschichte", 14,2, 2007, 167–190.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geck, Albrecht, From Modern-Orthodox Protestantism to Anglo-Catholicism: An Enquiry into the Probable Causes of the Revolution of Pusey’s Theology, in: Rowan Strong/Carol Engelhardt Herringer (edd.), Edward Bouverie Pusey and the Oxford Movement, London/New York/New Delhi (Anthem Press) 2012, 49–66.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geck, Albrecht, "Pusey, Tholuck and the Oxford Movement," in: Stewart J. Brown/Peter B. Nockles (ed.), The Oxford Movement. Europe and the Wider World 1830–1930, Cambridge (Cambridge University Press) 2012, 168–184.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geck, Albrecht (Hg.), Authorität und Glaube. Edward Bouverie Pusey und Friedrich August Gottreu Tholuck im Briefwechsel (1825–1865). Teil 1–3: in: Zeitschrift für Neuere Theologiegeschichte 10 (2003), 253–317; 12 (2005), 89–155; 13 (2006), 41–124.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geck, Albrecht, "Edward Bouverie Pusey. Hochkirchliche Erweckung," in: Neuner, Peter/Wenz, Gunter (eds.), Theologen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Eine Einführung, Darmstadt 2002, 108–126.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geck, Albrecht, "Friendship in Faith. E.B. Pusey (1800–1882) und F.A.G. Tholuck (1799–1877) im Kampf gegen Rationalismus und Pantheismus – Schlaglichter auf eine englisch-deutsche Korrespondenz," "Pietismus und Neuzeit", 27 (2001), 91–117.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geck, Albrecht, "The Concept of History in E.B. Pusey’s First Enquiry into German Theology and its German Background," "Journal of Theological Studies", NS 38/2, 1987, 387–408.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pusey's Works from Project Canterbury

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pusey, Edward Bouverie in Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pusey Family papers, 1836-1882 at Pitts Theology Library, Candler School of Theology

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pusey House

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What is of faith, as to everlasting punishment, in reply to Dr Farrar's challenge in his 'Eternal Hope' (1879)" published 1880

description: conservative churchman of the Church of England and Hebraist

enwikiquote_title: Edward Bouverie Pusey

wikidata_label: Edward Bouverie Pusey

wikipedia_title: Edward Bouverie Pusey


text:
Edward III of England
Philippa of Hainault
Woodstock Palace
Oxfordshire
Eleanor de Bohun
Constable of the Realm
Mary de Bohun
Henry IV of England
Earl of Buckingham
Earl of Essex
Duke of Aumale
Duke of Gloucester
War of the Breton Succession
John IV, Duke of Brittany
Duchy of Brittany
Charles of Blois
Calais
Philip the Bold
Troyes
Battle of Crécy
Battle of Poitiers
Charles V of France
chevauchée
Nantes
Loire
Aquitaine
Charles VI
dysentery
Lords Appellant
Richard II of England
Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
Nicholas Colfox
Westminster Abbey
Eleanor de Bohun
Mary de Bohun
Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford
Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham
Anne of Gloucester
Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford
William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu
Earl of Buckingham
Earls of Stafford
Humphrey Stafford
Duke of Buckingham
de Bohun
Mary de Bohun
House of Lancaster
William Shakespeare
Richard II
"Thomas of Woodstock"
Inquisition Post Mortem

categories: 1397 deaths,1355 births,Knights of the Garter,Dukes of Gloucester,14th-century English people,Earls of Buckingham (1377),Earls of Essex,Edward III of England,Murdered royalty,Lord High Constables,House of Plantagenet,People from Woodstock, Oxfordshire

paragraph: Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (7 January 13558 or 9 September 1397) was the fifth surviving son and youngest child of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Thomas was born 7 January 1355 at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire after two short-lived brothers, one of whom had also been baptised Thomas. He married Eleanor de Bohun in 1374, was given Pleshey castle in Essex, and was appointed Constable of the Realm. The younger sister of Woodstock's wife, Mary de Bohun, was subsequently married to Henry of Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby, who later became King Henry IV of England.

paragraph: In 1377, at the age of 22, Woodstock was knighted and created Earl of Buckingham. On 22 June 1380 he became Earl of Essex in right of his wife. In 1385, he received the title Duke of Aumale, and at about the same time was created Duke of Gloucester.

paragraph: Section::::Campaign in Brittany.

paragraph: Thomas of Woodstock was in command of a large campaign in northern France that followed the War of the Breton Succession of 1343–64. The earlier conflict was marked by the efforts of John IV, Duke of Brittany to secure control of the Duchy of Brittany against his rival Charles of Blois. John was supported in this struggle by the armies of the kingdom of England, whereas Charles was supported by the kingdom of France. At the head of an English army, John prevailed after Charles was killed in battle in 1364, but the French continued to undermine his position, and he was later forced into exile in England. He returned to Brittany in 1379, supported by Breton barons who feared the annexation of Brittany by France. An English army was sent under Woodstock to support his position. Due to concerns about the safety of a longer shipping route to Brittany itself, the army was ferried instead to the English continental stronghold of Calais in July 1380. As Woodstock marched his 5,200 men east of Paris, they were confronted by the army of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, at Troyes, but the French had learned from the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 not to offer a pitched battle to the English. Eventually, the two armies simply marched away. French defensive operations were then thrown into disarray by the death of King Charles V of France on 16 September 1380. Woodstock's chevauchée continued westwards largely unopposed, and in November 1380 he laid siege to Nantes and its vital bridge over the Loire towards Aquitaine. However, he found himself unable to form an effective stranglehold, and urgent plans were put in place for Sir Thomas Felton to bring 2,000 reinforcements from England. By January, though, it had become apparent that the duke of Brittany was reconciled to the new French king Charles VI, and with the alliance collapsing and dysentery ravaging his men, Woodstock abandoned the siege.

paragraph: Section::::Dispute with King Richard II.

paragraph: Thomas of Woodstock was the leader of the Lords Appellant, a group of powerful nobles whose ambition to wrest power from Thomas's nephew, King Richard II of England, culminated in a successful rebellion in 1388 that significantly weakened the king's power. Richard II managed to dispose of the Lords Appellant in 1397, and Thomas was imprisoned in Calais to await trial for treason.

paragraph: During that time he was murdered, probably by a group of men led by Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, and the knight Sir Nicholas Colfox, presumably on behalf of Richard II. This caused an outcry among the nobility of England that is considered by many to have added to Richard's unpopularity.

paragraph: Thomas was buried in Westminster Abbey, first in the Chapel of Saint Edmund and Saint Thomas in October 1397, and two years later reburied in the Chapel of Saint Edward the Confessor. His wife was buried next to him.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and progeny.

paragraph: Thomas married Eleanor de Bohun (c. 1366–1399), the elder daughter and co-heiress with her sister, Mary de Bohun, of their father Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341–1373). Thomas of Woodstock had by his wife Eleanor the following five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham (c. 13811399)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anne of Gloucester (c. 13831438) who married thrice:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Firstly to Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondly to Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thirdly to William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (1374–1420)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joan (1384–1400), who married Gilbert Talbot, 5th Lord Talbot (1383–1419) and died in childbirth

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabel (12 March 1385/1386April 1402), a nun of the Order of Minoresses

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippa (c. 1388), died young

paragraph: As he was attainted as a traitor, his dukedom of Gloucester was forfeit. The title Earl of Buckingham was inherited by his son, who died in 1399 only two years after Thomas' own death. Thomas of Woodstock's eldest daughter, Anne, married into the powerful Stafford family, who were Earls of Stafford. Her son, Humphrey Stafford was created Duke of Buckingham in 1444 and also inherited part of the de Bohun estates.

paragraph: The other part of these estatesincluding the Earldom of Hereford, which had belonged to Mary de Bohun and had then become incorporated into the holdings of the House of Lancasterbecame a matter of contention in the latter 15th century.

paragraph: Section::::In literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thomas of Woodstock's murder plays a prominent part in William Shakespeare's play "Richard II", though he is dead at the time of the play's beginning.

paragraph: BULLET::::- He also is the subject of "Thomas of Woodstock", another Elizabethan drama by an anonymous playwright. Because of its stylistic affinities to Shakespeare's play, it is also called "Richard the Second Part One".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inquisition Post Mortem, #123–125.

alias: Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Buckingham, 1st Earl of Essex, Duke of Aumale

description: thirteenth and youngest child of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault


href: Turkey Association%20football Samsunspor Turkey%20national%20football%20team Havza Malatya

text:
Turkish
footballer
Samsunspor
Turkey national football team
Havza
Malatya

categories: 1960 births,Samsunspor footballers,Turkey international footballers,Süper Lig players,Association football defenders,Road incident deaths in Turkey,Turkish footballers,1989 deaths

paragraph: Muzaffer Badalıoğlu

paragraph: Muzaffer Badalıoğlu (13 November 1960 – 20 January 1989) was a Turkish footballer who last played as a defender for Samsunspor, and also appeared for the Turkey national football team.

paragraph: The Samsunspor team bus was involved in a traffic accident in Havza on the way to a match in Malatya on 20 January 1989, killing the team coach, five players and the bus driver instantly. Badalıoğlu was one of the players who died.

description: Turkish association football player

wikidata_label: Muzaffer Badalıoğlu

wikipedia_title: Muzaffer Badalıoğlu


text: musician

text: filmmaker

text: heavy metal

text: White Zombie

text: Spider One

text: Powerman 5000

text: Hands of Death (Burn Baby Burn)

text: Alice Cooper

text: Best Metal Performance

text: 39th Annual Grammy Awards

text: Hellbilly Deluxe

text: House of 1000 Corpses

text: The Sinister Urge

text: The Devil's Rejects

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text: "Billboard" 200

text: Halloween

text: 1978 horror classic of the same name

text: Halloween II

text: The Haunted World of El Superbeasto

text: Hellbilly Deluxe 2

text: second remix album

text: The Lords of Salem

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text: Michael David Cummings

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text: "Billboard" 200

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text: Alice Cooper

text: Hands of Death (Burn Baby Burn)

text: Best Metal Performance

text: 39th Annual Grammy Awards

text: Rage Against the Machine

text: Charlie Clouser

text: Nine Inch Nails

text: White Zombie

text: John Tempesta

text: "Billboard" 200

text: classic horror films

text: horror film

text: Billboard

text: Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks

text: American Made Music to Strip By

text: Zombie-A-Go-Go Records

text: The Bomboras

text: Ghastly Ones

text: Reverend Horton Heat

text: Rocket From the Crypt

text: Frankenstein

text: Twisted Metal III

text: Universal Studios

text: House of 1000 Corpses

text: 42nd Annual Grammy Awards

text: Scum of the Earth

text: The Sinister Urge

text: Ozzy Osbourne

text: Feel So Numb

text: AllMusic

text: Mike Riggs

text: John Tempesta

text: Sheri Moon

text: Lions Gate Entertainment

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text: Scott Humphrey

text: Commodores

text: Brick House

text: "Billboard" 200

text: Top Soundtracks

text: Past, Present & Future

text: Justice League Unlimited

text: The Devil's Rejects

text: Western film

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text: glam rock

text: Slade

text: T. Rex

text: Gary Glitter

text: Educated Horses

text: Rolling Stone

text: Trent Reznor

text: sitar

text: Strokes

text: The Lords of Salem

text: 51st Annual Grammy Awards

text: Slither

text: greatest hits

text: Halloween

text: John Carpenter

text: version of the film

text: Transporter 2

text: Rotten Tomatoes

text: Grindhouse

text: Zombie Live

text: Halloween II

text: Halloween II

text: Variety

text: Halloween II

text: The Blob

text: Jesse Dayton

text: The Haunted World of El Superbeasto

text: Tom Papa

text: Paul Giamatti

text: Sheri Moon Zombie

text: Rosario Dawson

text: Educated Horses

text: Roadrunner Records

text: Hellbilly Deluxe 2 World Tour

text: Super

text: Woolite

text: The Lords of Salem

text: Salem, Massachusetts

text: Ken Russell

text: The Shining

text: Toronto International Film Festival

text: Richard Lynch

text: Philadelphia Flyers

text: Mondo Sex Head

text: Twins of Evil Tour

text: Marilyn Manson

text: Universal Music Enterprises

text: Venomous Rat Regeneration Vendor

text: Chicago

text: Guardians of the Galaxy

text: The Zombie Horror Picture Show

text: crowdfunding

text: Sundance Film Festival

text: Julius Henry "Groucho" Marx

text: Sid Haig

text: The New York Times Magazine

text: 2008 Universal fire

text: horror and suspense elements

text: heavy metal

text: Hellbilly Deluxe

text: metal

text: AllMusic

text: metal

text: B-movie

text: Entertainment Weekly

text: horror film

text: John 5

text: Alice Cooper

text: Kiss

text: Queen

text: Elton John

text: Metallica

text: Black Sabbath

text: Judas Priest

text: Slayer

text: Pantera

text: Sepultura

text: Black Flag

text: Twisted Sister

text: The Texas Chain Saw Massacre

text: Living Dead Girl

text: The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

text: A Clockwork Orange

text: The Shining

text: vegan

text: ethical vegetarian

text: PETA

text: animal abuse and psychopathy

text: Jesus

text: George Bush

text: afterlife

text: Heaven

text: unidentified flying object

text: Bigfoot

text: extraterrestrial life

text: The Sinister Urge

text: Educated Horses

text: Venomous Rat Regeneration Vendor

text: John 5

text: Piggy D.

text: Ginger Fish

text: Mike Riggs

text: John Tempesta

text: Blasko

text: Tommy Clufetos

text: Joey Jordison

text: Rob Zombie's Great American Nightmare

categories: Vegetarians,Songwriters from Massachusetts,American music video directors,Roadrunner Records artists,20th-century American singers,American male voice actors,Industrial metal musicians,Horror hosts,American heavy metal singers,21st-century American singers,People from Haverhill, Massachusetts,Singers from Massachusetts,American rock songwriters,Pratt Institute alumni,1965 births,American male singer-songwriters,Alternative metal musicians,Rob Zombie,American industrial musicians,21st-century American male actors,Living people,Nu metal singers,Film directors from Massachusetts,American singer-songwriters,20th-century American male actors,Parsons The New School for Design alumni,Geffen Records artists,Horror film directors

paragraph: Rob Zombie

paragraph: Rob Zombie (born Robert Bartleh Cummings; January 12, 1965) is an American musician and filmmaker. He is a founding member of the heavy metal band White Zombie, releasing four studio albums with the band. He is the older brother of Spider One, lead vocalist for American rock band Powerman 5000.

paragraph: Zombie's first solo effort was a 1996 song titled "Hands of Death (Burn Baby Burn)", written and performed with Alice Cooper, which went on to receive a nomination for Best Metal Performance at the 39th Annual Grammy Awards. In 1997, he began working on his debut solo studio album, "Hellbilly Deluxe", which was released in August 1998. A month later, Zombie officially disbanded White Zombie. "Hellbilly Deluxe" went on to sell over three million copies worldwide and spawned three singles. Zombie directed the horror film "House of 1000 Corpses" in 2000, though the controversial project was not released until 2003. His second studio album, "The Sinister Urge" (2001), became his second platinum album in the United States.

paragraph: Zombie directed "The Devil's Rejects" (2005), a direct sequel to his prior film "House of 1000 Corpses". The project received a more positive reception than its predecessor. His third studio album, "Educated Horses" (2006), was a departure from his earlier recordings. The album became his third to enter the top ten of the "Billboard" 200, though saw a decrease in sales when compared to his previous releases. Deciding to focus on his directing career, Zombie directed the horror film "Halloween" (2007), a remake of the 1978 horror classic of the same name. The film became Zombie's highest-grossing film to date, though was met with a generally negative critical reception. He later directed "Halloween II" (2009), which failed to match the success of its predecessor. He released the animated film "The Haunted World of El Superbeasto" that same year. Zombie returned to music with the release of his fourth studio album, "Hellbilly Deluxe 2" (2010). The album peaked at number eight in the United States and sold over 200,000 copies in the country.

paragraph: In 2012, Zombie released a second remix album and directed the horror film "The Lords of Salem", which was released the following year. He released his fifth studio album "Venomous Rat Regeneration Vendor" the following year (2013). He directed the horror film "31".

paragraph: Since the beginning of his music career, Zombie's music and lyrics have featured notable horror and sci-fi themes. His live shows have been praised for their elaborate shock rock theatricality. Since beginning his solo career, Zombie has sold an estimated fifteen million albums worldwide.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Robert Bartleh Cummings was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts on January 12, 1965. He is the oldest son of Robert and Louise Cummings. His younger brother, Michael David Cummings, is the lead singer of the band Powerman 5000. Growing up, Cummings had a fascination with horror films and has stated that he always "wanted to be Alice Cooper, Steven Spielberg, Bela Lugosi and Stan Lee." His parents worked in a carnival, but they chose to leave after a riot broke out and tents were set on fire. Cummings recalled the experience in an interview, stating, "Everybody's pulling out guns, and you could hear guns going off. I remember this one guy we knew, he was telling us where to go, and some guy just ran up to him and hit him in the face with a hammer – just busted his face wide open. My parents packed up real quick, and we took off." Cummings graduated from Haverhill High School in 1983. He moved to New York City and began attending Parsons School of Design, where he met eventual girlfriend Sean Yseult. Before the success of White Zombie, he was a production assistant for the television series "Pee-wee's Playhouse".

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1985–1998: White Zombie.

paragraph: Cummings and Yseult co-founded the band that would become known as White Zombie. They broke up after seven years of dating, but continued to work in the band together. The band released three extended plays to little success, with their debut studio album "Soul-Crusher" following in 1987 through the band's own record label, Silent Explosion. They released their second studio album two years later to little commercial reaction. Yseult and Zombie ended their relationship in 1991 and Zombie began dating Sheri Moon shortly afterwards. The band caught the attention of Geffen Records following the release of their fourth extended play; their was subsequently released through the label in 1992. The album became the band's breakout hit, going on to sell over two million copies in the United States. Their first single, "Thunder Kiss '65", was released through the label in 1993.

paragraph: White Zombie's fourth and final studio album, "" (1995), became their first to enter the top ten of the "Billboard" 200; it went on to sell over two million copies in the United States. Cummings directed the music video for the album's single "More Human than Human" (1995) and would go on to direct all subsequent videos for the band. In 1996, Cummings legally changed his name to Rob Zombie. White Zombie released a remix album that year, marking their final release before their eventual disbandment. Zombie collaborated with Alice Cooper on the song "Hands of Death (Burn Baby Burn)" (1996) for "". The song was nominated in the category of Best Metal Performance at the 39th Annual Grammy Awards, though lost to Rage Against the Machine. White Zombie officially broke up in September 1998, with Zombie stating, "Sometimes a band just breaks up because the band has run its course and the best days are behind them. White Zombie went through a lot together and did tons of great stuff, but it was time to stop. The good times were over and we were all moving in different directions." A box-set for the group was released in 2008 featuring all of their released material.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:1998–2001: Solo debut and commercial success.

paragraph: Work on Zombie's debut solo album first began in 1997, before the band had officially broken up. For the album, Zombie worked with numerous artists, including Charlie Clouser of Nine Inch Nails fame and former White Zombie bandmate John Tempesta. Zombie's solo debut album, "Hellbilly Deluxe: 13 Tales of Cadaverous Cavorting Inside the Spookshow International", was released on August 25, 1998. The album was a commercial success, debuting at number five on the "Billboard" 200 with first week sales of 121,000 copies. The album's first week sales topped that of his prior album's with White Zombie. "Hellbilly Deluxe" went on to become Zombie's highest selling album to date, with sales exceeding three million copies in the United States. The album was influenced by classic horror films, with numerous songs on the album containing samples and quotes from some of Zombie's favorite horror films. The album spawned three singles, all of which charted on the "Billboard" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Numerous songs from the album were used in films and video games, mainly in the horror genre. The success of the album led to the release of Zombie's first remix album, "American Made Music to Strip By" (1999). The album entered the top forty of the "Billboard" 200 in its debut week.

paragraph: Zombie formed his own record label, Zombie-A-Go-Go Records, in 1998. The label released the final album from American instrumental band The Bomboras, as well as the debut album from the Ghastly Ones. Both albums were released on June 2, 1998 though received little critical or commercial success. The label next released the compilation album "Halloween Hootenanny" (1998), featuring appearances from artists such as Reverend Horton Heat and Rocket From the Crypt. Zombie himself contributed the song "Halloween (She Get So Mean)" to the soundtrack, which had previously appeared on promotional releases of "Dragula" (1998). Zombie released the album "Rob Zombie Presents The Words & The Music Of Frankenstein" on October 12, 1999 through Zombie-A-Go-Go Records. The album, considered a soundtrack, features the original score and some dialogue from the original "Frankenstein" (1931).

paragraph: Zombie was set to make his directorial debut with the film "The Crow: 2037", and even wrote the film's script. The film was set to take place in the future, though it was never released. It was decided that the film was not suited for the franchise, but would instead serve as a standalone project. He composed the original score for the video game "Twisted Metal III", released in 1998. Zombie designed a haunted attraction for Universal Studios in 1999, which was later deemed instrumental in reviving the Halloween Horror Nights annual attraction. It was during this time that Zombie began working with the studio on his directorial debut, a film titled "House of 1000 Corpses". The project began filming in May 2000 with a scheduled release date of the following year, though the studio ultimately cancelled its release due to the violent themes present throughout the film. Zombie's song "Superbeast", taken from "Hellbilly Deluxe", received a nomination for Best Metal Performance at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards. Zombie contributed the song "Scum of the Earth" (2000) to the "" soundtrack.

paragraph: Zombie's second studio album, "The Sinister Urge", was released on November 13, 2001. The album expands on the horror and shock rock elements seen in his debut album, and features collaborations with artists such as Ozzy Osbourne. The album became his second to enter the top ten in the United States, with its first week sales topping that of his previous album. The album went on to sell over one million copies in the United States, his second to accomplish this feat. The album was preceded by the single "Feel So Numb", with a second single being released the following year. Despite the album's success, it was noted as a decline in sales when compared to his first studio album. "The Sinister Urge" and its subsequent singles were met with a positive critical reception, with AllMusic writing "It is the slow burn of [the album's] last track that shows the most promise; after years of making good heavy metal, he finally expands the boundaries of his own sound. Few metal musicians kept their sound fresh for as long as Zombie, and this album is no exception." "The Sinister Urge" was voted as the fans' favorite album on Zombie's official website. The album is the final project to feature guitarist Mike Riggs and drummer John Tempesta, who had been with Zombie since the start of his solo career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2002–2006: Marriage, directorial debut, and continued musical success.

paragraph: In 2002, Zombie announced his engagement to longtime girlfriend Sheri Moon, with a wedding date set for November 9, 2002. Only ten days before the wedding date, the couple decided to elope on October 31, 2002. Moon said, "We were actually taking a walk in our neighborhood the day before. The wedding date was to be November 9th. We're like, 'Oh, God, we've been together for nine years. We should just say our vows privately'. It was just like a spur of the moment decision. It just happens that the next day was Halloween. We didn't do it for any spooky reasons or anything". Now married, Moon officially changed her name to Sheri Moon Zombie.

paragraph: Following years of struggling to find a distributor and various re-shoots, Zombie confirmed that his film "House of 1000 Corpses" would finally be released through Lions Gate Entertainment. The film was released theatrically on April 11, 2003. The film received a generally negative reception from critics, though grossed over $16 million worldwide. The film was criticized for being too "grotesque" and "violent", but has since garnered a cult following. Despite vastly negative reviews, the film garnered a warmer reception in later years, and is frequently listed as one of the "best horror films ever made". Zombie worked with Scott Humphrey on the majority of the film's soundtrack, which was released on March 25, 2003. The release features original songs from Zombie such as "Pussy Liquor" and "Little Piggy", as well as Zombie's own rendition of the Commodores hit single "Brick House" (1977), re-titled "Brick House 2003". The soundtrack peaked at number fifty-three on the "Billboard" 200, and number four on the Top Soundtracks chart.

paragraph: Zombie released his first compilation album, titled "Past, Present & Future", on September 23, 2003. The release featured a collection of songs taken from Zombie's solo albums as well as his releases with White Zombie; new material is also present on the album. The album debuted at number eleven on the "Billboard" 200, and would go on to become Zombie's third release to sell over one million copies in the country. Zombie guest starred on episodes of both "" and "Justice League Unlimited" that year, in a voice only role for both. In November 2003, Zombie launched his "Spookshow International" comic book series. His second series, "The Nail", spawned four issues between June and October 2004, while his "Bigfoot" series lasted from February to May 2005, featuring four issues. Zombie's second film, "The Devil's Rejects", serves as a direct sequel to "House of 1000 Corpses", and was released on July 22, 2005. The film featured a more "violent Western film" theme as opposed to the horror aspects of its predecessor. The film received a much more positive reception than its predecessor, though was still criticized for its violence and material. The film has been described as "one giant loogie that comes straight from the heart", filled with moments of nihilism and cunning wit. Much like the first film, "The Devil's Rejects" went on to gain a cult following after its release. The film has a 53 out of 100 rating on Metacritic, meaning mixed to positive reviews. Zombie released a number of "The Devil's Rejects" comics throughout 2005 to coincide with the film.

paragraph: Zombie began working on his third studio album in 2005, whilst finishing work on "The Devil's Rejects"; the album was influenced by glam rock artists like Slade, T. Rex, and Gary Glitter. The release was described as "experimental" by Zombie, who claimed the project featured numerous acoustic-led songs. The album, "Educated Horses", was released on March 28, 2006. It sold 107,000 copies in its first week, becoming Zombie's third album to enter the top ten on the "Billboard" 200. The album received mixed critical reviews, with "Rolling Stone" writing "A handful of cuts are too long on sludgy instrumental grooves, but whether Zombie is out-Trent Reznoring Trent Reznor on the sitar-laden grindfest '17 Year Locust' or spitting fire amid the apocalyptic blues riffs of 'The Devil's Rejects', he sounds like a gifted schlockmeister that Strokes fans can enjoy. Or at least tolerate." The song "The Lords of Salem" was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards. "Educated Horses" saw a further decline in sales for Zombie, selling just over 500,000 copies in the United States. The album became his first studio album as a solo artist to not receive a certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It served as Zombie's final studio album to be released through Geffen Records. Zombie had a cameo appearance in a voice only role for the film "Slither" (2006). Zombie released his first official greatest hits album, "The Best of Rob Zombie", on October 10, 2006. The album was re-released only months later under the title "The Best of Rob Zombie: 20th Century Masters The Millennium Collection". The project debuted at number 166 on the "Billboard" 200, and went on to receive a gold certification from the RIAA. The album featured no new material, and was released with little promotion on Zombie's behalf. It remains his final album to receive an RIAA certification to date.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2007–2009: Focus on film work.

paragraph: Zombie opted to focus on his career as a director in 2007, following the release of his third studio album a year prior. It was confirmed in 2006 that Zombie had signed on to write and direct a remake of the horror classic "Halloween" (1978). Zombie later referred to the film as a "re-imagining" of the original John Carpenter film. Zombie's version of the film was officially released on August 31, 2007. Thanks to its opening weekend of $30.5 million, the film broke the box-office record for the Labor Day weekend, surpassing the record set in 2005 by "Transporter 2" with $20.1 million. It still currently resides as the top Labor Day weekend grosser. The film went on to become Zombie's highest grossing release to date. Despite these achievements, the film was generally panned by critics upon its release. Based on 109 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, "Halloween" received an average 25% overall approval rating based on 110 reviews, with the consensus "Rob Zombie doesn't bring many new ideas to the table in "Halloween", making it another bloody disappointment for fans of the franchise." Zombie directed a fictitious trailer for a film "Werewolf Women of the SS", which was featured in the film "Grindhouse" (2007). That same year, Zombie released his first live album, "Zombie Live".

paragraph: Zombie announced work on a new film, "Tyrannosaurus Rex", which was slated for release in 2009; the film was ultimately scrapped. Despite previous comments made by Zombie that he would not do a sequel to "Halloween", it was later announced he would both write and direct the series' next film, tentatively titled "H2". "H2" was ultimately the reason for the postponement and eventual cancellation of "Tyrannosaurus Rex". "Halloween II" was released on August 28, 2009. The film received a worse critical reception than Zombie's original remake, and failed to achieve the commercial success of the remake but it was a box office success nevertheless. Unlike the original "Halloween II" (1981), Zombie's version of the film focused on the prior film's survivor and the effects that the film's events had on her mentality. Following the completion of the film, Zombie confirmed he would not make another sequel. "Variety" Magazine announced the weekend before the release of "Halloween II" that Zombie would be directing a remake of the 1950s film "The Blob". Zombie later chose to back out of the film as he "didn't want to do another remake".

paragraph: The day that "Halloween II" was released, Zombie and Jesse Dayton released the album "Rob Zombie Presents Captain Clegg And The Night Creatures", based on the band featured in the film's party scene. The album was released through Zombie's own Zombie-A-Go-Go Records, the first album released through the label in almost ten years. There were initial reports of a film centering around Captain Clegg, though the project never materialized. Dayton later toured in character as the band as the opening act for Zombie throughout 2009 and 2010. The release of "Rob Zombie Presents Captain Clegg And The Night Creatures" marks the final release from Zombie-A-Go-Go Records, before Zombie formed his new Zodiac Swan label in 2013. Zombie was the executive producer of the animated film "The Haunted World of El Superbeasto", based upon his comic book series "The Adventures of El Superbeasto". The series previously appeared in his "Spookshow International" comic book. The film was released in limited showings at selected theaters on September 12, 2009, and to DVD on September 22, 2009. It features the voices of Tom Papa, Paul Giamatti, Zombie's wife Sheri Moon Zombie, and Rosario Dawson. The film received a generally mixed reaction upon its release.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2010–2015: New label and return to music.

paragraph: It was announced in 2009 that Zombie had begun working on his fourth studio album, the follow up to his 2006 album "Educated Horses". Prior to the release of the album, it was confirmed that Zombie had parted ways with longtime label Geffen Records, penning a new deal with Roadrunner Records. Zombie later claimed that Geffen had "morphed into a different label" and that being signed didn't "work for [him] anymore." The album was confirmed to be titled "Hellbilly Deluxe 2: Noble Jackals, Penny Dreadfuls and the Systematic Dehumanization of Cool", with Zombie describing it as a sequel to his 1998 debut as they sounded similar in both "vibe" and "attitude". "Hellbilly Deluxe 2" was released on February 2, 2010. The album sold 49,000 copies in its first week of release, becoming his fourth top ten album in the United States. The album received a mixed to positive critical reception upon its release. Zombie released a special edition of the album on September 28, 2010 featuring three new songs. Zombie promoted the release through his Hellbilly Deluxe 2 World Tour, which served as his first international tour since beginning his solo career. The tour featured 150 dates, spanning over a two-year time span. Zombie released the "Icon" greatest hits album on October 5, 2010 through Roadrunner Records.

paragraph: Zombie launched his seventh and final comic book series, "Whatever Happened to Baron Von Shock?", in 2010; the series spawned four issues. Zombie had another voice-only role in the 2010 film "Super", portraying God. In 2011, Zombie directed a horror-themed commercial for Woolite. Zombie announced work on the horror film "The Lords of Salem" in 2011. The film, whose name is derived from the Rob Zombie song of the same name, is about a coven of witches in modern-day Salem, Massachusetts. In an interview Zombie said that the film would be his cinematically biggest film and described it as "if Ken Russell directed "The Shining"". "The Lords of Salem" premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2012, with a limited theatrical release following in April 2013. "The Lords of Salem" became the last film of veteran actor Richard Lynch, who died in 2012.

paragraph: Zombie later stated that "Tyrannosaurus Rex" would be his next released film after "The Lords of Salem", though the project has since been put on hold for a second time. In 2012, it was confirmed that Zombie would be writing and directing a film titled "The Broad Street Bullies", which would be based on the Philadelphia Flyers hockey team. The film will be Zombie's first non-horror film. He has since stated that the film was in the "research stages", and a release date is unknown. Much like "Tyrannosaurus Rex", the film, along with Rock Bottom Creek, has been put on hold indefinitely. Zombie released a second remix album, titled "Mondo Sex Head", on August 6, 2012. The album featured remixed material from Zombie's first four studio albums, as well as his releases with White Zombie. The album was released through Geffen Records, despite Zombie having left the label. Zombie embarked on the Twins of Evil Tour with American rock band Marilyn Manson beginning on September 28, 2012. The tour concluded following a publicized feud between the artists while on tour, with the two groups often feuding while on stage. The tour officially concluded on December 12, 2012.

paragraph: Recording for Zombie's fifth studio album began in June 2012, with Zombie announcing the then-untitled project in July 2012. On the record, Zombie claimed "We just want to make a dark, heavy, weird record and stick to that idea [...] If something comes up that isn't, we won't finish it. We'll stick to the plan." Zombie parted ways with Roadrunner Records, instead releasing the album through his new record label Zodiac Swan through Universal Music Enterprises and T-Boy Records. On January 30, 2013, Zombie announced that the album was titled "Venomous Rat Regeneration Vendor". The album was released on April 23, 2013. "Venomous Rat Regeneration Vendor" became Zombie's fifth consecutive studio album to debut inside the top ten of the "Billboard" 200, though it boasted his lowest first week sales of his career. The album has since become Zombie's lowest selling album to date.

paragraph: Zombie designed and launched the Great American Nightmare haunted attraction in 2013. The attraction, based in Chicago, featured references to Zombie's films and other significant horror events in pop culture. He designed the attractions "Lords of Salem Total Black Out", "The Haunted World of El Superbeasto 3D", and "House of 1000 Corpses", which were combined with a music festival from artists in hard rock, alternative, EDM, and more in 2013. In 2014, Zombie had the voice-only role of Ravager Navigator in the superhero film "Guardians of the Galaxy". He released his first video album, "The Zombie Horror Picture Show", on May 19, 2014. He released his second live album, "Spookshow International: Live", on February 24, 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:2016–present: Latest albums and upcoming films.

paragraph: Zombie announced work on his sixth studio album as early as April 2014, having begun working on the project that January. On January 11, 2016, Zombie confirmed the title of the record to be "The Electric Warlock Acid Witch Satanic Orgy Celebration Dispenser", along with the album's cover art and track listing. The album was released on April 29, 2016. Zombie described it as "seriously [their] heaviest most fucked up musical monster to date." Zombie began working on a new horror film, "31", in 2014. Zombie described the film as "old-school", and raised money for the film through crowdfunding. The film follows a group of individuals attempting to survive a night in a carnival filled with murderous clowns. Zombie has stated that he wanted to have a "very nasty, gritty, guerilla-style approach to the filmmaking" for "31", as it "fits the story and the vibe of the movie". "31" premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2016. It has been announced that Zombie signed on to direct the film "Raised Eyebrows", a movie about the life of comedian and actor Julius Henry "Groucho" Marx. The film has yet to receive a release date. Zombie was set to launch his "Spookshow International" pinball machine in February 2016. The limited edition item features ten of Zombie's classic songs, as well as voice contributions from Zombie, Sheri Moon, and Sid Haig. On May 22, 2017, Zombie posted a short snippet of audio to his Instagram account of a live recording of the White Zombie song "Electric Head Part 2" stating he was in the process of mixing the "Astro Creep 2000" live set from the Chicago date of the 2016 Riot Fest. On August 1, 2017, Zombie announced on his Instagram page that he has begun working on his seventh studio album.

paragraph: On June 25, 2019, "The New York Times Magazine" listed Rob Zombie among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Musical style.

paragraph: Zombie's music has been noted for its use of horror and suspense elements, which is inspired by Zombie's love of horror films. Zombie's music also contains elements commonly found in heavy metal music. Zombie's music has been described as "melding metal with industrial, hypnotic rhythms and haunting sounds" and having a "complicated beat, distinctive vocals and a killer story line". Zombie's songs have also been known to feature quotes and samples from classic horror films. Numerous songs on his debut album, "Hellbilly Deluxe", feature quotes from classic horror films that Zombie grew up with. Zombie has classified himself as a metal musician, and stated "It felt like hard rock and heavy metal had really been struggling you know, like top of the charts – it felt like they were being kicked to the curb for a long time. It was almost like you were doing something but you feel like nobody cares anymore so now you’re just chuggin’ along doing what you do and it’s like the world had forgotten. However it’s felt like in the last few years that’s kind of changed and you feel it coming back."

paragraph: In their review of "Venomous Rat Regeneration Vendor" (2013), Music Enthusiast commented on Zombie's musical style "If you are a fan of Rob Zombie’s, or even if you aren’t, you can definitely recognize his style of music- that is to say, if Alice Cooper wrote songs for strip clubs. Rob Zombie albums have always had bombastic, almost danceable grooves, over the top guitar effects [...] and loads of B-movie sci-fi/horror lyrics." He is also noted for using "spoken word lyrics" in numerous songs, a style he began while with White Zombie. AllMusic compared the musical themes of "Hellbilly Deluxe" to a White Zombie record, stating it was "complete with thunderous industrial rhythms, drilling metal guitars, and B-movie obsessions." "Entertainment Weekly" spoke about the album's horror film qualities, stating it had "concocted a veritable blood feast of hair-raising guitars, spine-tingling drum loops, and a cast of ghoulish characters who could be refugees from an old William Castle horror flick." Legends Magazine wrote that "the songs follow the same formula of anger, sex, death, monster, demon, zombie, satanic, drug abuse kinda raw drive a tractor over your neighbor's skull kinda hate the world so I'll burn it all down music." AllMusic wrote in their review of "American Made Music to Strip By" that "Hellbilly Deluxe" had a "sexy, sleazy, horror-movie vibe".

paragraph: While "The Sinister Urge" continues the themes of horror and suspense, it is noted as featuring more dance-oriented beats in songs such as "Never Gonna Stop (The Red, Red Kroovy)". Zombie claimed that whereas "Hellbilly Deluxe" featured electronics, "The Sinister Urge" was recorded with a live band as to emphasize the instrumentals. With the "Educated Horses" album, Zombie further distanced himself from the sound of his first two albums. Zombie described the album as experimental, and explored a number of acoustic productions with John 5. Despite a shift in sound, many of the album's lyrics feature horror elements found on his prior releases. "Hellbilly Deluxe 2", Zombie's fourth studio album, saw a return to the heavy metal sound of his early releases. The album was considered a direct sequel to his debut studio album, with which it shares a name. "Venomous Rat Regeneration Vendor" continued these themes, and features "bass-heavy" beats. The record was deemed a throwback to his debut album due to similar lyrical and sonic themes.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.:Influences and style.

paragraph: Both Zombie's music and film work draws influence from classic horror and suspense films, with Zombie citing the 1970s as the "last great time where films were being made for the sake of the film and not for the sake of the money." Zombie has cited artists such as Alice Cooper, Kiss, Queen, and Elton John as influences during his childhood. Zombie claimed that the first record he ever bought was an Alice Cooper album. He has cited Cooper's style and costumes as an influence on his own. Metallica, Black Sabbath, Judas Priest, Slayer, Pantera, Sepultura, Black Flag and Twisted Sister were also cited as influences by Zombie. Zombie claimed his mother would not allow him to watch horror films, namely "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" (1974), which later served as an influence on Zombie's films "House of 1000 Corpses" and "The Devil's Rejects". Zombie has directed the majority of his music videos as a solo artist, with numerous releases being influenced or referencing horror films. The music video for his single "Living Dead Girl" is based upon the silent horror film "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" (1920), while his video for "Never Gonna Stop (The Red Red Kroovy)" was heavily inspired by "A Clockwork Orange" (1971). His film "The Lords of Salem" was inspired by the horror classic "The Shining" (1980).

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Since he began working with White Zombie, Zombie has been known for his long hair and beard.

paragraph: Zombie and his wife are vegans. He has been an ethical vegetarian since 1982 after viewing slaughterhouse footage. He is a supporter of PETA and was once thanked by the organization for his realistic portrayal of the link between adolescent animal abuse and psychopathy in his remake of "Halloween".

paragraph: Zombie generally refrains from sharing his political and religious beliefs with the public, explaining, "It is best to not discuss religion or politics. It always ends in broken noses...because it upsets people to question their faith in things be it Jesus or George Bush. It's easier to just get angry." An exception occurred in a 2008 interview where Zombie admitted that he does not believe in an afterlife, calling the concept of Heaven "insane". He also noted that he does not believe in concepts such as unidentified flying objects, Bigfoot or extraterrestrial life and believes that "this life is all you get". An additional exception to discussing his religious background occurred in a separate interview when Zombie mentioned that at one point his mother contemplated becoming a nun. In that interview, Zombie said he avoids alcohol and substance abuse, stating, "I certainly didn't achieve anything by being wasted and fucked up."

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Studio albums

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hellbilly Deluxe: 13 Tales of Cadaverous Cavorting Inside the Spookshow International" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sinister Urge" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Educated Horses" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hellbilly Deluxe 2: Noble Jackals, Penny Dreadfuls and the Systematic Dehumanization of Cool" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Venomous Rat Regeneration Vendor" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Electric Warlock Acid Witch Satanic Orgy Celebration Dispenser" (2016)

paragraph: Section::::Solo band members.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Current

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rob Zombie – lead vocals (1997–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John 5 – guitars, backing vocals (2005–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piggy D. – bass, backing vocals (2006–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ginger Fish – drums (2011–present)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Former

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mike Riggs – guitars, backing vocals (1997–2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Tempesta – drums, backing vocals (1997–2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blasko – bass, backing vocals (1997–2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tommy Clufetos – drums (2005–2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joey Jordison – drums (2010–2011)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rob Zombie's Great American Nightmare

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discovering "The Haunted World of El Superbeasto" With Rob Zombie

description: American singer and film director

enwikiquote_title: Rob Zombie

wikidata_label: Rob Zombie

wikipedia_title: Rob Zombie


text:
San Isidro
Zalla
Real Asiento de Inglaterra
South Sea Company
Church of San Nicolás de Bari
Club Atlético Acassuso
Domingo Pelliza
La Spezia

categories: People from Buenos Aires Province,1658 births,1727 deaths,People from Biscay,Spanish politicians,Spanish colonial governors and administrators,People from Buenos Aires

paragraph: Domingo de Acassuso

paragraph: Domingo de Acassuso (1658–1727) was a Spanish politician and military man, who served as mayor of Buenos Aires in 1716. He was the founder of the city of San Isidro (Buenos Aires Province).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Zalla, province of Biscay, the son of Domingo de Acassuso and María de los Terreros. In Buenos Aires he was married to Teresa de Pessoa, daughter of Alejo de Pessoa and Juana Gómez, belonging to Creole families of Portuguese and African roots. His house was located in the vicinity of the Real Asiento de Inglaterra, an English factory belonging to South Sea Company.

paragraph: Established in Buenos Aires fulfilled various political and military roles, including treasurer and accountant, and the vice-mayor of the city. He was also involved in the works of the Church of San Nicolás de Bari.

paragraph: The Club Atlético Acassuso was founded in honor of Domingo de Acassuso. His family was linked to the family of Domingo Pelliza, a politician and military man, born in La Spezia region of Liguria, Italy.

description: Spanish politician and military man

wikidata_label: Domingo de Acassuso

wikipedia_title: Domingo de Acassuso


text:
Jesuit
Peter Canisius
Colloquy of Worms
Alfonso Salmeron
Everard Mercurian
Leith
Edmund Hay
Mary Queen of Scots
Holyrood Palace
Council of Trent
Robert Crichton
Henry Sinclair
William Crichton
Diego Laynez

categories: 1565 deaths,Dutch Jesuits,Diplomats of the Holy See,1517 births

paragraph: Nicholas Goudanus

paragraph: Nicholas Goudanus (also de Gouda) (c.1517–1565) was a Dutch Jesuit and papal diplomat.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: His surname was originally Floris (Florisz). He worked with Peter Canisius on the mission to reclaim German Protestants to Catholicism. In 1557 they had been together at the Colloquy of Worms.

paragraph: Goudanus went on a covert diplomatic mission, under instructions of the end of 1561 sent by Alfonso Salmeron, via Everard Mercurian. He arrived in Scotland on 5 July 1562, or landed earlier than that in Leith, having sailed in June. He was accompanied by Edmund Hay and Jean Rivat as interpreters, and had a meeting with Mary Queen of Scots, as papal legate, at Holyrood Palace. The Queen turned down a request to send Scottish representatives to the Council of Trent, then winding up. Only one of the Scottish bishops, Robert Crichton, was prepared to give him an interview; Henry Sinclair was instructed to meet Goudanus by the Queen, but refused.

paragraph: The mission lasted to September 1562. Goudanus left the country with some difficulty, with William Crichton who had been the advance party, and who was a relation of Robert Crichton. His report to Diego Laynez was discouraging. One consequence of the mission was that six Scots were recruited to the Jesuits.

description: Dutch Papal diplomat

wikidata_label: Nicholas Goudanus

wikipedia_title: Nicholas Goudanus


text:
Austrian-Jewish
Fritz Lang
The Firm Gets Married
The Queen's Secretary
Halbblut
Die Spinnen
Respectable Women
The Clan
The Eyes of the World
Monte Carlo
Hazard
The House of Torment
Parisian Women
The Red Masquerade Ball
The Devil's Chains
The Prey of the Furies
Lust for Life
Inge Larsen
The Chain Clinks
The Third Squadron
The Red Mouse
Ressel Orla at Filmportal.de

categories: Austrian Jews,People from Bolzano,1931 deaths,Austrian silent film actresses,20th-century Austrian actresses,1889 births,Austrian film actresses,Jewish Austrian actresses

paragraph: Ressel Orla

paragraph: Ressel Orla (18 May 1889 – 23 July 1931) was an Austrian-Jewish actress. She appeared in some of Fritz Lang's earliest films.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Firm Gets Married" (1914)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Queen's Secretary" (1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Halbblut" (1919)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Spinnen" (1919/1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Respectable Women" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Clan" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Eyes of the World" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monte Carlo" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hazard" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The House of Torment" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Parisian Women" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Red Masquerade Ball" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Devil's Chains" (1921)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Prey of the Furies" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lust for Life" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inge Larsen" (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Chain Clinks" (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Third Squadron" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Red Mouse" (1926)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jung, Uli & Schatzberg, Walter. "Beyond Caligari: The Films of Robert Wiene". Berghahn Books, 1999.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ressel Orla at Filmportal.de

description: Austrian actress

wikidata_label: Ressel Orla

wikipedia_title: Ressel Orla


text: American

text: geologist

text: United States Geological Survey

text: stratigraphy

text: mollusc

text: paleontology

text: Chamberlain, South Dakota

text: North Adams, Massachusetts

text: Bryn Mawr College

text: Johns Hopkins University

text: World War I

text: auxiliary nurse

text: France

text: American Friends Service Committee

text: Tertiary

text: coastal plain

text: Gulf Coast

text: fauna

text: Mexico

text: International Geological Congress

text: Madrid

text: Spain

text: Moscow

text: World War II

text: Military Geology Unit

text: Japan

text: incendiary balloon bombs

text: North

text: South America

text: Phi Beta Kappa

text: Sigma Xi

text: Geological Society of America

text: Paleontological Society

text: Ecphora gardnerae

text: ecphora

text: Calvert County

text: St. Mary's County

text: Julia Anna Gardner Papers, 1894-1961

text: Smithsonian Institution Archives

text: Works published in the USGS

categories: Women paleontologists,United States Geological Survey personnel,20th-century American scientists,20th-century geologists,Bryn Mawr College alumni,20th-century women scientists,American paleontologists,Johns Hopkins University faculty,Paleozoologists,1960 deaths,American geologists,1882 births,American women geologists

paragraph: Julia Anna Gardner

paragraph: Julia Anna Gardner (January 26, 1882 – November 15, 1960), was an American geologist who worked for the United States Geological Survey for 32 years, was known worldwide for her work in stratigraphy and mollusc paleontology.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Gardner was born in Chamberlain, South Dakota, the only child of Charles Henry and Julia (Brackett) Gardner. At the very young age of 4 months, Julia's father died. Julia and her mother moved back to Dixon (the home of Julia's mother) in 1895, and then by 1898, they moved to North Adams, Mass; here, Julia completed her high school education at Drury Academy. Paying for it with money left to her by her grandmother. She was raised in South Dakota but completed high school in North Adams, Massachusetts.

paragraph: She earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1905 and a Master's degree in 1907 from Bryn Mawr College. She studied courses such as paleontology and geology. Through her studies here, she made many close friends, that she would continue to work with later in her life.

paragraph: Gardner was the first woman admitted as a full-fledged student to the Department of Geology at Johns Hopkins University, and she earned her Ph.D. in paleontology there in 1911. She continued work as an assistant in paleontology at the university. The Maryland Geological Survey published her studies of the Late Cretaceous Mollusca of Maryland in 1916.

paragraph: Section::::Professional life.

paragraph: During World War I she served as an auxiliary nurse in France and worked with the American Friends Service Committee in devastated areas of France after the war, returning to the United States in 1920. She then joined the United States Geological Survey, spending most of her career studying the Tertiary beds in the coastal plain, including areas from Maryland south into Mexico. Her work in Texas in the 1920s included consultation with petroleum company geologists and identification of seventy new species of Texas fossils. She did extensive research of Gulf Coast fauna, including in Mexico during the 1930s and 1940s.

paragraph: Gardner served as a United States delegate to the 1926 International Geological Congress in Madrid, Spain and to the 1937 Congress in Moscow. During World War II, as a member of the Military Geology Unit, she became the leader of a group known as "The Dungeon Gang". Within this group she helped to prepare plans for the armed forces, organized texts, shared ideas, and created maps. Gardner was an incredibly hard worker and because of this she was well respected by all who worked with her. Over the course of the war, she helped find the Japanese beaches used to launch incendiary balloon bombs, where they were being launched by identifying shell fragments in the sand-filled ballast of the balloons. After the war she toured Japan, encouraging Japanese scientists to continue their work. Gardner not only encouraged scientists, she also encouraged artists, for she showed interest in Art. Her versatility lead her to being a charter member of the Arts club in Washington.

paragraph: Gardner authored over 40 reports that were used as standards of reference regarding tertiary strata in North and South America. These include "The Midway Group of Texas" (Texas University Bulletin 3301, 1935); "Mollusca of the Tertiary Formations of Northeastern Mexico" (Geological Society of America, 1947); and "The molluscan fauna of the Alum Bluff group of Florida" (U.S. Geological Survey paper 142, 1926-1947).

paragraph: Gardner wrote papers that were primarily taxonomic, strategraphic or paleoecologic. Her published papers dealt mostly with coastal plain geology. Julia took part in fieldwork all over the world, including rougher locations such as those throughout Mexico. She spent weeks visiting and spending time in places that other geographers may not have dared visit. Her report on the "Mollusca from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina" (Professional Paper 199-A), published in 1943, built partially on the work of Dr. W. C. Mansfield, and included work Gardner had started up to 20 years earlier. This report included systemic descriptions of over 40 families of mollusca, representing 24 superfamilies and four separate orders.

paragraph: Julia was an epitome of goodness. Her relationship with people exemplified thoughtfulness, kindness and generosity. Little wonder, in her moment of sickness, her friends nourished and cared for her until her last breath. In the year 1960 at the age of 78, Gardner died at her home in Maryland.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and honors.

paragraph: Gardner was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi societies, as well as the Geological Society of America, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, and the Paleontological Society. She served as president of the Paleontological Society in 1952 and vice presidency of the Geological Society of America in 1953. When she retired from the United States Geological Survey, she received the Distinguished Service Medal. Hundreds of people wrote Julia letters expressing their affection for her. The letters were bound into two volumes, which were presented to her by her Branch Chief, Preston Cloud when she entered retirement. She was recognized not only for her geological contributions but also for her great friendship. After her death the society published a memorial book.

paragraph: "Ecphora gardnerae," an extinct snail shell was named after Julia Anna Gardner. In 1994 the state of Maryland designated it the official state fossil shell of Maryland. Specimens of ecphora are found along the Calvert Cliffs in Calvert County and St. Mary's County, Maryland.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Julia Anna Gardner Papers, 1894-1961, from the Smithsonian Institution Archives.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Works published in the USGS

alias:
Julia Gardner
Julia A. Gardner

description: American geologist

wikidata_label: Julia Anna Gardner

wikipedia_title: Julia Anna Gardner


text: field hockey

categories: Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia,Living people,Olympic field hockey players of Australia,Field hockey players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games,Australian female field hockey players,1990 births,Field hockey players at the 2012 Summer Olympics,Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey

paragraph: Kate Jenner

paragraph: Kate Jenner (born 5 May 1990) is an Australian field hockey player.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: br

paragraph: br

description: Australian field hockey player

wikidata_label: Kate Jenner

wikipedia_title: Kate Jenner


text:
Twiztid
Hopsin
Insane Poetry
Insane Poetry
Twiztid
Ces Cru
Ces Cru
Esham
Madchild
Kung Fu Vampire

categories: Musicians from Riverside, California,21st-century American rappers,American male rappers,1983 births,Living people,Rappers from California

paragraph: Nekro G

paragraph: Gerald Lee Smith (born September 20, 1983), better known by his stage-name Nekro G, is an American rapper, promoter, & record label owner from Riverside, California. He is currently signed to Grim Reality Entertainment, and is the owner of Wikid Funk Records founded June, 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nekro G began writing and recording Hip-Hop music in 1998. At this time he started recording his first mixtape and performing at local Southern California shows with Darryl Bowman who rapped under "Dimesac D", together they formed a rap group called "Sinister-X". In Early 2002 they started D&S Records and released a mixtape that was given away for free entitled "Buried Memories". In June 2002 they met a kid Denis Sutar from Pomona who rapped under "Zero", they all clicked and shortly after Zero had joined Sinister-X and the trio began working on an album together entitled "Brain Dead Killaz LP". In February 2003, the group released "Buried Memories 2" of cuts that were not going on the main cd, it was also given away for free at shows. In June 2003 Sinister-X released "Brain Dead Killaz LP" and even went as far as to press a small quantity of physical cds professionally, however the day the album dropped all 3 members had inner conflict with each other and the group was disbanded and has never been reformed since.

paragraph: In July 2003, Nekro G formed his own music label, Wikid Funk Records and began recording a frenzy of new music. Since that time, he has released over 40 mixtapes, including 8 official solo album mixtapes, 10 Rant's & Ravings mixtapes, various group projects, and countless features and collaborations with other artists. Wikid Funk Records has had a revolving door of underground artists, including VD and Dr. Edrum, and is still supporting local IE artists such as Sonny Jonez. Nekro G has played numerous underground shows in Southern California, including opening on Sik Mob's set at the Key club in Los Angeles for The Twiztid and KMK's "Chaos and Chronic Tour" in 2012. He also played for both Westcoast Wickidfest shows (thrown by Grim Reality Entertainment and Netherworld Records and featuring Hopsin, Scum, Insane Poetry, Smallz One and JP Tha Hustler). In 2010, Nekro G was named RapChamp.com winner of their 2010 Rap Competition.

paragraph: In early 2011, JP Tha Hustler collaborated with Nekro G for the song "Dogg." JP was happy with the song and signed Nekro G to Grim Reality Entertainment; the song later appeared on Nekro G's debut EP. On June 19, 2011 Nekro G released his first professional CD on Grim Reality Entertainment, entitled "Real, Raw, Rap EP".

paragraph: In late December 2011 Nekro G released his first single for his next record, as well as his first real music video on YouTube, entitled "Take The Trash Out" Nekro G also appeared multiple times on the Grim Reality compilation entitled "New Breed" that was released on December 5, 2011.

paragraph: He has also recorded verses for both JP Tha Hustler & VD's Albums; both of which were released at the Hardcore Hip Hop Show at the Vibe in Riverside on June 23, 2012.

paragraph: Nekro G released a full-length LP for Grim Reality Entertainment, entitled "Reel Street Musik" on October 13, 2012 at his CD Release Show in Riverside. It Featured collaborations with VD, SlyzWicked, Sonny Jonez, JP Tha Hustler, and Insane Poetry.

paragraph: In October 2012 Nekro G was named "Best Hip Hop Artist in IE of 2012" in I.E. Weekly.

paragraph: On October 31, 2012, Nekro G and Fellow Underground Artist Spek One, Two Cees, Dr. Edrum & SlyzWicked collectively released a new double LP mixtape entitled "Moodswing'n Vol.1" for free download on datpiff.com

paragraph: In early 2013, Nekro G was featured in an article in Horrorcore Magazine.

paragraph: On July 18, 2013 "Grim Reality Entertainment's Skull & Cross Mics" Compilation dropped in stores nationwide, under a distribution deal with Long Range and EOne/Koch. In October 2013 he was featured numerous times on the GRE compilation "Dark Scriptures". In November 2013, he then released his 3rd GRE Release "Beyond Beast LP" and had been playing numerous shows with bigger named artist such as Twiztid and Ces Cru.

paragraph: April 20, 2014 marked the release of his new group "Godpawn" with partner Mulligan and their album "I.M.M.O.D" (an acronym for 'I Make My Own Destiny') which was put out by Anti-Authority Records and Freedom Union Records. The album features appearances by Strange Music's Ces Cru, Esham, Cali G, Twisted Insane, Madchild, Delusional, and Kung Fu Vampire.

paragraph: Nekro G released a single "I Will Kxll Ya'll" in August 2014, and his new record "Thought Crimes" on October 4, 2014, both featuring Playboy The Beast.

paragraph: On January 1, 2015 Nekro G was Featured multiple times on Grim Reality Entertainments "Westcoast Heatwave" CD, later in 2015 he was Big Legion's album "Crown Town Villain" on the track "Numb". In 2016, he was featured on the Grim Reality Entertainment "Remixes" Compilation and was on Slyzwicked's "Silent Assassin" on 3 separate tracks.

paragraph: In 2017, Nekro G Put out the Digital Single "There She Go" & a Remix & Collaborations CD, featuring some new content.

paragraph: In 2018, Nekro G Put out 2 new Digital Singles "Too Raw Feat. Grewsum & Nitro, Both off a rumored upcoming album.

paragraph: It was in mid 2018 that Nekro G began Branching off and working as a studio artist and Ghostwriter, Since then he has been featured on numerous other CD's & singles by various other artist.

paragraph: In January 2019, Miniminter, Of the Youtube group Sidemen, Posted a video of Nekro G dissing the Sidemen in a Rap, the video has to date garnered over 2 Million Views. The song was also posted separately on Miniminters 2nd Channel "MM7Gaming" is now sitting at over 900k views.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Nekro G graduated from Glendora High School and attended Citrus College for music production. He currently resides in Riverside, Ca. He is married and also has two daughters.

paragraph: He is a strong supporter of the hip hop movement.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Nekro G – Real, Raw, Rap EP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Nekro G – Reel Street Musik LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Nekro G - Beyond Beast LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Nekro G - Thought Crimes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Nekro G - Remixes & Collaborations"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Digital Singles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Take The Trash Out"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Army of Darkness Remix"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "West Kills It Feat. Mad Choppa"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "I Will Kxll Ya'll Remix Feat. JP Tha Hustler & Playboy The Beast"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "I'ma Eat Remix Feat. JP Tha Hustler & Donnie Menace

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Now You Know Feat. Speak One & JP Tha Hustler"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Murder Spree Feat. Speak One & JP Tha Hustler"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Bloodspray Remix Feat. Smallz One & JP Tha Hustler

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "There She Go"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Nitro"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Too Raw Feat. Grewsum"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019: "SIDEMEN DISS TRACK (Youtube Exclusive)"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio Albums Featured on.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Tha Ghost – Amerika's Most Hated (Directors Cut)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Grim Reality Entertainment – New Breed Compilation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Taab Frio – Put it on My Taab EP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "VD – Hardcore Hip Hop LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "JP Tha Hustler – 100% Hardcore LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Spitz - Mcmxviii LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Slyz Wicked - Only The Strong Survive LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Dr Edrum - Who They Come to Party With? EP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Killa Gabe - From Tha Guttas of Mighty Sac LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Grim Reality Entertainment – Skull & Cross Mics Compilation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Spek One & Two Cees - Go Getter Gang LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "JP Tha Hustler - No Pressure LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "B Muné - Instant Fans Just Add Music LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Grim Reality Entertainment - Dark Scriptures Compilation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Uncle Phoenix - The Rebirth"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Cali G - G Classic LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Dr. Edrum - Foot in The Door LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "SlyzWicked - It Lives Within LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Godpawn - I.M.M.O.D. LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Spek One - Nothing To Prove LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "TwoCees - Magnifique Manifesto LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "JP Tha Hustler - Dissinfekted LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014: "Insane Poerty - Killaborations"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Grim Reality Entertainment - Westcoast Heatwave Compilation"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "JP Tha Hustler - Mad Scientist LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "Big Legion - Crown Town Villain LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "SlyzWicked - Silent Assassin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Grim Reality Entertainment - The Remixes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "JP Tha Hustler & SlyzWicked - Beast Mode LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "JP Tha Hustler - Remixes & Collaborations"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Mad Choppa - Chopera"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Insane Poetry JP Tha Hustler - Team Guillotine"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Benny Charles - Rhythm, Blues, & Gospel: A Story of Love, Hope, & Faith"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Right Sight Productions / Various Artist - Letting Go"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Grim Reality Entertainment - We Are Hip Hop"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "JP Tha Hustler - Halloween Horror Mix"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "JP Tha Hustler - Powerlifting Hardcore Workout Mix 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "JP Tha Hustler - MMA Workout Mix"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "JP Tha Hustler - Hard Rock & Hip Hop"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "JP Tha Hustler - Powerlifting Hardcore Workout Mix"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "EmeryTheArtist - Dreamstate"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "DJ Mystic - Oblivion"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019: "What is That - What Is That"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019: "D00f - Fear"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Digital Singles Featured on.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Fat D - Not Too Long Ago Single Feat. Nekro G"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "Madd Locc - Run it Feat. Nekro G, A.N.T. & Don Orias"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "Jay Spark - Boiling Point Feat. Nekro G & Slyzwicked (Remastered)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "YomiShious - Radiate Feat. Nekro G"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "Klem - Aesthetic Feat. Nekro G"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019: "Prof. G - Push It Harder Feat. Nekro G "

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019: "The Chalkeaters - Bowsette Feat. M-G UniNew & Nekro G"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Mixtapes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2002: "Sinister-X – Buried Memories"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Sinister-X – Buried Memories 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003: "Sinister-X – Brain Dead Killaz LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Nekro G – Dark Prophecies LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 1"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006: "Nekro G – Psychotic Poetry LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "IllLogical Madness (Nekro G & VD) – Open Mind Surgery LP "

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 3"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 4"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Nekro G – Straight out The Pen LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 5"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008: "Satans Sick Symphony LP(Nekro G, VD, Dr Ed, Tha Burden) – (Self Titled)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "SWK Rydaz(Nekro G, VD, Dr Ed, Tha Burden) – Jack Yo Shyt LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 6"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Nekro G – Final Chapter LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 7"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "IllLogical Madness – Absurd Thoughtz LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 8"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "The Gruntz LP – (Self Titled)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 9"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 10"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "SWK Rydaz – Talkin Shyt LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Satans Sick Symphony (Nekro G, VD, Dr Ed, Tha Burden) – Solo's & Sililoquys"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "SWK Rydaz – Fuck Yo Shyt LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Nekro G – New Revelationz LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 11"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Nekro G – Street Soldier LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Nekro G – Torn Scriptures LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Nekro G – Rants and Ravings 12"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Riv Rydaz LP (Nekro G & Sonny Jonez) – (Self Titled)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011: "Nekro G – West Coast OG LP"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Wikid Funk Mixtapes Featured on.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Tha Burden – Tha Mutha Fxckin LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "VD – Infected LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Dr Ed – The Dr I Sin LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "Arkham Rejects – Out the Asylum LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009: "VD Presents – Tha Gruesome & Grotesque LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Somoan Sweet Thang – Pimp Canes & Cocaine LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Sons of Sam – Sons of Killaz LP"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Wikid Funk Skunk LP: The Smokers CD"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010: "Bonified LP – (Self titled)"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Other Mixtapes Featured on.

paragraph: RapChamp Championship Series Mixtape Vol.2

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Xplicit – Parental Advisory"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007: "Psypher – O.C. Soulja"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012: "Moodswing'n Vol. 1 (Double Disc LP)"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Young Murdoc - Kali Kush Mixtape Vol 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013: "Mista Creepz - Smoke & Mirrors"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015: "J-Pegs - The Meaning Of Life"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "J-Pegs - 10 Rings"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "J-Pegs - Red Hot"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "J-Pegs - Captain Pegs 3"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016: "J-Pegs - The Meaning of Life 2"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017: "J-Pegs - PEGNO"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "J-Pegs - Dirty Pepsi 6"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "J-Pegs - Flannel God"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018: "J-Pegs - Captain Pegs 11"

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Accolades.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Part of GRE when Winning Best Hip Hop Label in IE 2013 - IE Weekly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best Hip Hop Artist in IE 2012 – IE Weekly

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010 Rap Champ – RapChamp.com

description: American rapper

wikidata_label: Nekro G

wikipedia_title: Nekro G


text:
Grand Master
Teutonic Knights
Henry
Heinrich von Plauen the Younger
Vogtland
Thuringia
Saxony
Prussia
Komtur
Nessau (Nieszawa)
Schwetz (Świecie)
Battle of Grunwald
Marienburg
Siege of Marienburg
Jogaila
Livonian Order
Werner von Tettingen
Elbing (Elbląg)
Peace of Thorn
Samogitia
Vytautas the Great
Dobrzyń Land
Kuyavia
war indemnity
Prague groschen
Osterode (Ostróda)
Danzig (Gdańsk)
Elbing (Elbląg)
Thorn (Toruń)
Lizard Union
Georg von Wirsberg
Rehden (Radzyń Chełmiński)
Nicholas von Renys
Graudenz (Grudziądz)
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Breslau (Wrocław)
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
Benedict Makrai
Neman River
Memel (Klaipėda)
Kingdom of Poland
Pomerania
Dobrzyń Land
Masovia
Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg
Novgorod
Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg
Grand Marshal
Königsberg
general chapter
Hunger War
procurator
Lochstädt (Pavlovo)
Friedrich Borchert

categories: German untitled nobility,1370 births,14th-century German people,15th-century German people,1429 deaths,Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order,Thuringian nobility

paragraph: Heinrich von Plauen

paragraph: Heinrich von Plauen (the Elder) (ca. 1370–1429) was the 27th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from November 1410 to October 1413. He was a stern proponent of prolonging the war with Poland. Because all male members of his family were baptized as Heinrich (Henry), he is sometimes known as Heinrich von Plauen the Elder to differentiate from his relative, Heinrich von Plauen the Younger (died ca. 1441).

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Von Plauen was born in Vogtland, between Thuringia and Saxony. Von Plauen arrived in Prussia around 1390 as the Order's guest, but later became a full member. He did not hold any important positions until 1402 when he became the Komtur of Nessau (Nieszawa). He was promoted to Komtur of Schwetz (Świecie) in 1407.

paragraph: Von Plauen did not take part in the Battle of Grunwald on July 15, 1410. Upon receiving the news of the Order's defeat, he took the initiative and assembled an army of 3,000 men to defend Marienburg, capital of the Order. He correctly suspected that it was where the victorious Polish and Lithuanian armies were headed. He also sent letters, acting as the Grand Master, to Germany asking for additional troops and money. Von Plauen arrived at Marienburg on time and energetically organized the defense. The Siege of Marienburg started on July 18 and remained until September 19, 1410. The King of Poland, Jogaila, did not expect strong resistance and was not prepared for a long-term siege. The siege, holding Jogaila's army in place, helped to organize defensive forces in other parts of Prussia and gave time for relief to arrive from the Livonian Order and Germany. Jogaila had to retreat. Von Plauen ordered his forces to pursue the retreating Polish army and recaptured all fortresses (except those on the Polish–Prussian border) by the end of October.

paragraph: In November 1410 for his services in the defense of Marienburg and Prussia, von Plauen was chosen as the 27th Grand Master of the Order, overtaking other officials of the Order with higher positions, like Werner von Tettingen, the Order's Minister of Diplomacy and the Komtur of Elbing (Elbląg), who fought in the Battle of Grunwald. Von Plauen inherited a difficult task of rebuilding Order's fortresses, restoring the economy, recruiting new Knights, and defending the Order's reputation in Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Grand Master.

paragraph: Von Plauen's major diplomatic accomplishment was signing the Peace of Thorn on February 1, 1411. The peace was rather favorable to the Order: it retained its core territories. The Order assigned Samogitia to Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great for his and Jogaila's lifetime. After their death Samogitia was to return to the Order. The border was not decided by the peace – an international commission was to mediate further negotiations. Poland received Dobrzyń Land and Kuyavia. The Order was to pay a large ransom for prisoners of war and war indemnity, equivalent to six million Prague groschen, in four installments.

paragraph: To raise the money for the first installment, von Plauen called representatives of Prussian cities to Osterode (Ostróda) in February 1411. He proposed a special assessment of 1⅔% on cities' possession. All cities, except for Danzig (Gdańsk), agreed. Because the decision was not unanimous, von Plauen called a second meeting, this time in Elbing (Elbląg). Thorn (Toruń) joined Danzig in opposition to the tax. Von Plauen decided to enforce the assessment. Thorn capitulated without much resistance, while Danzig resisted blockade until April 5, 1411.

paragraph: Von Plauen actively fought off the opposition of the Lizard Union. In 1411 von Plauen discovered a plot by Georg von Wirsberg, Komtur of Rehden (Radzyń Chełmiński), and ordered the beheading of Nicholas von Renys, one of the four knights who formed the Lizard Union, for helping the Poles. The execution took place in Graudenz (Grudziądz), which brought him even less popularity.

paragraph: The first two installment payments were made on time. When von Plauen saw that he could not make the third payment on time he asked Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor for help. Sigismund agreed to mediate and the parties met in Breslau (Wrocław) in March 1412. In August 1412 the emperor delivered his decision that the Peace of Thorn was just and that a commission should negotiate a reduction to the war indemnity. Another commission would decide the border between Samogitia and Prussia and inhabitants of the region would be given a choice to remain in Samogitia and become part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania or to relocate to Prussia and become part of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. To universal surprise von Plauen made the final payment on time in January 1413. The commission regarding Samogitian borders did meet. On May 3, 1413, Benedict Makrai, appointed by Sigismund, decided that the right bank of the Neman River, including Memel (Klaipėda), should belong to Lithuania.

paragraph: Despite the Order's financial troubles and weakened military capability after the defeat of 1410, von Plauen started preparations for another war with the Kingdom of Poland. He rejected decision by Benedict Macra and by late summer 1413 gathered 6,000 men near the border with Pomerania and 15,000 on the border with Dobrzyń Land and Masovia (commended by Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg). The time seemed right as Jogaila was busy in the south while Vytaut waged a war against Novgorod. Küchmeister attacked northern Poland, but returned only after 16 days. Attack on Pomerania was similarly stopped by disobedient Knights.

paragraph: Section::::Removal from office.

paragraph: Von Plauen was removed from his office on October 9, 1413 by Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, the Grand Marshal and Komtur of Königsberg (Kaliningrad). Küchmeister disapproved of von Plauen's decision to wage another war and supported further peace talks with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The general chapter convened five days later. Herman Gans was appointed as an interim Grand Master until a formal general assembly would meet in January 1414. Von Plauen officially resigned and Küchmeister was appointed as the next Grand Master. Von Plauen was first appointed as a Komtur to a minor fortress, but was soon arrested when Jogaila did not support the new regime and demanded the return of von Plauen to his office. Küchmeister unsuccessfully reopened diplomatic talks with Poland and a brief Hunger War broke out in summer 1414.

paragraph: Heinrich von Plauen was released from Danzig jail in 1418. At that time he became the procurator of Lochstädt (Pavlovo) near Königsberg, where he died in 1429.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Borchert: "Die Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen." In: "Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung", 6 October 2001.

description: Grand Master of the Teutonic knights

wikidata_label: Heinrich von Plauen

wikipedia_title: Heinrich von Plauen