text:
Sanhedrin
Nasi
Shimon ben Gamaliel
Jerusalem
war against the Romans
Yavne
Yavne
Hillel
Vespasian
Judaism
Johanan ben Zakkai
Sanhedrin
Second Temple
Shammai
Domitian
Rome
Judaism
pagans
Christians
Joshua ben Hananiah
Yom Kippur
Sanhedrin
Eleazar Ben Azariah
Jerusalem Talmud
Av Beit Din
Hillel
Shammai
voice from heaven
Ecdippa
archisynagogue
Emmaus
Lod
Jericho
Samaria
Tiberias
Tavi
Acre
Ecdippa
Ima Shalom
Jesus
Matthew
Trajan
Aquila
minae
Hadrian
Joshua ben Hananiah
Admon
Simeon ha-Pakoli
Amidah
Haggadah
Bible
Eleazar of Modi'im

wikipedia_title:
Sanhedrin
Nasi (Hebrew title)
Simeon ben Gamliel
Jerusalem
First Jewish–Roman War
Yavne
Yavne
Hillel the Elder
Vespasian
Judaism
Yohanan ben Zakkai
Sanhedrin
Second Temple
Shammai
Domitian
Rome
Judaism
Paganism
Christians
Joshua ben Hananiah
Yom Kippur
Sanhedrin
Eleazar ben Azariah
Jerusalem Talmud
Av Beit Din
House of Hillel
House of Shammai
Voice of God
Achziv
Archisynagogue
Emmaus
Lod
Jericho
Samaria (ancient city)
Tiberias
Tavi
Acre
Achziv
Ima Shalom
Jesus
Gospel of Matthew
Trajan
Aquila of Sinope
Mina (unit)
Hadrian
Joshua ben Hananiah
Admon (tanna)
Simeon ha-Pakoli
Amidah
Haggadah
Bible
Eleazar of Modi'im

categories: Slave owners,Mishnah rabbis,1st-century rabbis

paragraph: Gamaliel II

paragraph: Rabban Gamaliel II (also spelled Gamliel; ) was the first person to lead the Sanhedrin as Nasi after the fall of the second temple in 70 CE. Gamliel was appointed nasi approximately 10 years later. Gamaliel II was the son of Shimon ben Gamaliel, one of Jerusalem's foremost men in the war against the Romans, and grandson of Gamaliel I. To distinguish him from the latter he is also called Gamliel of Yavne.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Rabban Gamliel II seemed to have settled initially in Kefar 'Othnai in Lower Galilee, but with the outbreak of the war with Rome, he fled to Jerusalem. From there, he moved to Yavne. In Yavne, during the siege of Jerusalem, the scribes of the school of Hillel had taken refuge by permission of Vespasian, and a new centre of Judaism arose under the leadership of the aged Johanan ben Zakkai, a school whose members inherited the authority of the Sanhedrin of Jerusalem.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Leadership.

paragraph: Gamaliel II became Johanan ben Zakkai's successor, and rendered immense service in the strengthening and reintegration of Judaism, which had been deprived of its former basis by the destruction of the Second Temple and by the entire loss of its political autonomy. He put an end to the division which had arisen between the spiritual leaders of Judaism by the separation of the scribes into the two schools called respectively after Hillel and Shammai, and took care to enforce his own authority as the president of the chief legal assembly of Judaism with energy and often with severity. He did this, as he himself said, not for his own honor nor for that of his family, but in order that disunion should not prevail in Israel.

paragraph: Gamaliel's position was recognized by the Roman government also, and he journeyed to Syria for the purpose of being confirmed in office by the governor. Towards the end of Domitian's reign (c. 95 CE), he went to Rome in company with the most prominent members of the school of Javneh, in order to avert a danger threatening the Jews from the action of the emperor. Many interesting particulars have been given regarding the journey of these learned men to Rome and their sojourn there. The impression made by the capital of the world upon Gamaliel and his companions was an overpowering one, and they wept when they thought of Jerusalem in ruins.

paragraph: In Rome, as at home, Gamaliel often had occasion to defend Judaism in polemical discussions with pagans, and also with professed Christians.

paragraph: He may have been the first to receive the title "nasi" (prince; later replaced by "patriarch"), given to raise him in public estimation and to revive the Biblical designation for the head of the nation. This title later became hereditary with his descendants.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Leadership controversy.

paragraph: Gamaliel was a controversial leader. In a dispute about fixing the calendar, Rabban Gamaliel humiliated Rabbi Joshua ben Hananiah by asking him to show up with his "stick and satchel" (weekday attire) on the holy day which according to Rabbi Joshua's calculation was Yom Kippur. Later on, another dispute broke out regarding the status of the nightly prayer, and he humiliated him again by asking him to stand up, and to remain standing while teaching his students. This incident shocked the Rabbis, and subsequently is said to have led to a rabbinic revolt against Gamaliel's leadership of the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin installed Rabbi Eleazar Ben Azariah as the new Nasi. After reconciling with Rabbi Joshua, Rabban Gamaliel was reinstated as Nasi, with Rabbi Eleazar serving along with him in a rotation every third week. According to the version recorded in the Jerusalem Talmud, Rabbi Eleazar served as Av Beit Din, a viceregent. Gamaliel, however, showed that with him it was only a question of principle, and that he had no intention of humiliating Joshua; for, rising and kissing him on the head, he greeted him with the words: "Welcome, my master and my pupil: my master in learning; my pupil in that you submit to my will."

paragraph: Similarly, he was implicated in the 'excommunication' of his own brother-in-law, Eliezer ben Hyrcanus. His goal was to strengthen the authority of the assembly at Jabneh as well as his own authority, and thus brought upon himself the suspicion of seeking his own glory. However, Gamaliel describes his motivations in this episode as in the following prayer: "Lord of the world, it is manifest and known to Thee that I have not done it for my own honor nor for that of my house, but for Thy honor, that factions may not increase in Israel." A story which confirms Gamaliel's claim to modesty is told, in which he, standing, served his guests himself at a feast.

paragraph: Gamaliel's greatest achievement was ending of the opposition between the schools of Hillel and Shammai, which had survived even the destruction of the Temple. According to tradition, a voice from heaven was heard in Yavneh, declaring that although the views of both schools were justifiable in principle (as "words of the living God"), in practice the views of Hillel's school are authoritative.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Anecdotes.

paragraph: Many of Gamaliel's decisions in religious law are connected with his stay in some place in the Holy Land. In Ecdippa the archisynagogue Scipio asked him a question which he answered by letter after his return home. There are also records of Gamaliel's stay in Kfar Uthnai, in Emmaus, in Lod, in Jericho in Samaria, and in Tiberias.

paragraph: He was on friendly terms with many non-Jews, and was so warmly devoted to his slave Tavi that when Tavi died he mourned for him as for a beloved member of his own family. A friendly conversation is recorded which he had with a heathen on the way from Acre to Ecdippa. On the Sabbath he sat upon the benches of heathen merchants.

paragraph: Still, Gamaliel and his sister, Ima Shalom, chided with the growing local Christian population, even mocking a certain gentile judge who had adjudicated in an inheritance case, in which Ima Shalom had made herself the make-believe claimant in the case. When the judge at first ruled in favor of the woman, after being given a bribe by Rabban Gamaliel, he quickly rescinded the verdict in favor of Gamaliel. The story includes a reference to the words of Jesus in Matthew 5:17, with one possible reading of the story indicating that it was Gamaliel making this reference. Another encounter with Christianity came when he debated the "min," or philosopher, who maliciously concluded from Hosea 5:6 that God had completely forsaken Israel.

paragraph: The memory of the lost sanctuary was especially vivid in Gamaliel's heart. Gamaliel and his companions wept over the destruction of Jerusalem and of the Temple when they heard the noise of the great city of Rome, and at another time when they stood on the Temple ruins.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: Gamaliel died before the insurrections under Trajan had brought fresh unrest into Israel. At his funeral the celebrated proselyte Aquila, reviving an ancient custom for the burial of kings, burned costly materials to the value of seventy minae; and Eliezer b. Hyrcanus and Joshua b. Hananiah, the aged teachers of the Law, arranged the ceremonies for his funeral.

paragraph: Gamaliel himself had directed that his body be wrapped in the simplest possible shroud. By this he wished to check the extravagance which had become associated with funerals, and his end was attained; his example became the rule, and it also became the custom to commemorate him in the words of consolation addressed to the mourners.

paragraph: Of Gamaliel's children, one daughter is known, who answered in a very intelligent fashion two questions addressed to her father by an unbeliever. Two of Gamaliel's sons are mentioned as returning from a certain feast.

paragraph: One son, Simon, inherited his office long after his father's death, and after the Hadrianic persecutions, which thenceforward his descendants handed on from father to son.

paragraph: It cannot be regarded as proved that the tanna Haninah ben Gamaliel was a son of Gamaliel II; this is more likely to be true of Judah ben Gamaliel, who reports a decision in the name of Haninah ben Gamaliel.

paragraph: Section::::Teachings.

paragraph: Section::::Teachings.:Halacha.

paragraph: Aside from his official position, Gamaliel stood in learning on an equal footing with the legal teachers of his time. Many of his halakhic opinions have been handed down. Sometimes the united opinion of Gamaliel and Eliezer ben Hyrcanus is opposed to that of Joshua ben Hananiah and sometimes Gamaliel holds a middle position between the stricter opinion of the one and the more lenient view of the other. Gamaliel assented to certain principles of civil law which have been transmitted in the name of Admon, a former judge in Jerusalem, and which became especially well known and were authoritative for ensuing periods.

paragraph: Various details have been handed down by tradition concerning the religious practises of Gamaliel and his house. In Gamaliel's house it was not customary to say "Marpe'!" (Recovery) when any one sneezed, because that was a heathenish superstition. Two concessions were made to Gamaliel's household in the way of relaxing the severity of the rules set up as a barrier against heathendom: permission to use a mirror in cutting the hair of the head, and to learn Greek. In regard to the latter, Gamaliel's son Simon relates that many children were instructed in his father's house in "Greek wisdom."

paragraph: He directed Simeon ha-Pakoli to edit the Amidah and make it a duty, incumbent on every one, to recite the prayer three times daily. Also, he directed Samuel ha-Katan to write another paragraph against informers and heretics.

paragraph: Another liturgical institution goes back to Gamaliel—that of the memorial celebration which takes the place of the sacrifice of the Passover lamb on the first evening of Passover. Gamaliel instituted this celebration, which may be regarded as the central feature of the Passover Haggadah, on an occasion when he spent the first Passover night with other scholars at Lydda in conversing about the feast and its customs.

paragraph: Section::::Teachings.:Aggadah.

paragraph: Gamaliel uses striking comparisons in extolling the value of handiwork and labor and in expressing his opinion on the proper training of the mind.

paragraph: Gamaliel's appreciation of the virtue of mercy is well illustrated by a saying of his in allusion to Deuteronomy 13:18: "Let this be a token unto thee! So long as thou thyself art compassionate God will show thee mercy; but if thou hast no compassion, God will show thee no mercy".

paragraph: Gamaliel portrays the distress and corruption of the times in a remarkable speech which concludes with an evident reference to the emperor Domitian. He says: "Since lying judges have the upper hand, lying witnesses also gain ground; since evil-doers have increased, the seekersof revenge are also increasing; since shamelessness has augmented, men have lost their dignity; since the small says to the great. 'I am greater than thou,' the years of men are shortened; since the beloved children have angered their Father in heaven, He has placed a ruthless king over them [with reference to Job 34:20]. Such a king was Ahasuerus, who first killed his wife for the sake of his friend, and then his friend for the sake of his wife".

paragraph: He loved discussing the sense of single portions of the Bible with other scholars, and made many fine expositions of the text.

paragraph: There are records of four such discussions, which all end with Gamaliel's expressed desire to hear the opinion of the eminent aggadist Eleazar of Modi'im.

paragraph: The lament over his favorite pupil, Samuel haKatan, which he made in common with Eleazar b. Azariah, is very touching: "It is fitting to weep for him; it is fitting to lament for him. Kings die and leave their crowns to their sons; the rich die and leave their wealth to their sons; but Samuel haKaton has taken with him the most precious thing in the world—his wisdom—and is departed".

paragraph: The Roman yoke borne by the Jewish people of Palestine weighed heavily upon Gamaliel. In one speech he portrays the tyranny of Rome that devours the property of its subjects. He reflects on the coming of the Messiah, and describes the period which shall precede His appearance as one of the deepest moral degradation and direst distress. But he preaches also of the fruitfulness and blessing which shall at some time distinguish the land of Israel.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Perspectives on Transformational Leadership in the Sanhedrin of Ancient Judaism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Parshat terumah (from Hillel)

description: Rabbi and Nasi.

wikidata_label: Gamaliel II

wikipedia_title: Gamaliel II


text: Mecklenburg

text: John I

text: Albert I

text: Barnim I

text: Wismar

text: Ilow

text: crusade

text: Lithuania

text: Christianized

text: pilgrimage

text: Holy Land

text: Cairo

text: John II

text: Nicholas III

text: Henry II

text: Morea

text: Rome

text: Doberan Minster

text: Ludgarda

text: Przemysł II

text: Greater Poland

text: Henry II "the Lion"

text: John III

categories: House of Mecklenburg,1302 deaths,1230s births,Lords of Mecklenburg

paragraph: Henry I, Lord of Mecklenburg

paragraph: Henry I, Lord of Mecklenburg (nicknamed "the Pilgrim", – 2 January 1302) ruled Mecklenburg from 1264 to 1275 and from 1299 until his death.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Lord John I. After his father's death, he at first ruled jointly with his brother Albert I. After Albert died in 1265, John ruled alone. Around 1259 he married Anastasia ( – 15 March 1317), the daughter of Duke Barnim I of Pomerania.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: From 1266 onwards, he required the Jews in Wismar to pay protection money. In the same year, he started the "bread and wine donation" programme, in which 20 churches in the Ilow area would be supplied with communion wine and wafers by the City Hall in Wismar. For many churches in the area, this decree is the first time they are mentioned in a document. In 1270, he undertook a crusade against Lithuania, which had not been Christianized at the time.

paragraph: In 1271, he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Along the way, he was taken prisoner and deported to Cairo, where he was held in captivity by the Arabs for 27 years. During his absence, Mecklenburg was ruled by his brothers John II and Nicholas III, after a fight between his brothers and cousins about the regency and the guardianship of his children. After John II died in 1283, Nicholas III ruled alone, until Henry II came of age in 1290.

paragraph: Henry I returned to Mecklenburg via Morea and Rome in 1298. In 1299, he formally resumed his reign, although he probably left the business of government mostly to his son Henry II.

paragraph: Henry I died in 1302 and was buried in the ducal crypt in the Doberan Minster.

paragraph: Section::::Issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ludgarda (ca. 1260-1261 - bef. 14 December 1283), wife of Przemysł II of Greater Poland.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry II "the Lion" (ca. 1267 - 1329).

paragraph: BULLET::::- John III (ca. 1266 - 1289).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical table of the House of Mecklenburg

description: Lord of Mecklenburg

wikidata_label: Henry I, Lord of Mecklenburg

wikipedia_title: Henry I, Lord of Mecklenburg


text: Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy

text: Battle of Crécy

text: warden of the marches towards Scotland

text: sheriff of Northumberland

text: Edward Balliol's

text: Mary of Lancaster

text: Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster

text: John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros

text: Henry

text: Thomas

text: castle of Alnwick

text: Inquisition Post Mortem

categories: 1368 deaths,Barons in the Peerage of England,Percy family,1321 births,Barons Percy,High Sheriffs of Northumberland

paragraph: Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy

paragraph: Henry Percy, 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick (c. 1321–1368), was the eldest son of Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy (1301–1352), and his wife, Idoine de Clifford (Idonea in Latin and also in English), daughter of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Crécy.

paragraph: He served in France under the Earl of Arundel in March 1344 and in August 1346 was at the Battle of Crécy. He then transferred to service in Gascony under the Earl of Lancaster. In July 1352 he was made joint warden of the marches towards Scotland, and in September 1355 keeper of Roxburgh Castle and sheriff of Northumberland for two years.

paragraph: Section::::Invasion of Scotland.

paragraph: In 1356 he took part in the invasion of Scotland that followed Edward Balliol's surrender of the kingdom and crown of Scotland to Edward III. In July 1356 he was once again joint warden of the marches and then took part in the negotiations that led to the treaty of Berwick of October 1357.

paragraph: Section::::France.

paragraph: He participated in Edward III's military efforts in France and in September 1355 was marshal of the royal army at Calais. In 1360 he took part in Edward's campaign to capture Rheims.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: He had married twice: firstly Mary of Lancaster (d. 1362), daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, and secondly Joan (d. 1368), the daughter and sole heiress of John, Lord Orreby.

paragraph: With his first wife he had two sons, Henry and Thomas.

paragraph: With his second wife he had a son who died in his father's lifetime and a daughter, Mary who married John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros. He was succeeded by his eldest son Henry, who became the 1st earl of Northumberland. His younger son Thomas became the 1st Earl of Worcester.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on or about 18 May 1368, probably at his castle of Alnwick, and was buried in Alnwick Abbey.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Inquisition Post Mortem

description: English baron and High Sheriff of Northumberland

wikidata_label: Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy

wikipedia_title: Henry Percy, 3rd Baron Percy

wikipedia_title: Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy


text: Bulgaria

text: Catholic priest

text: bishop

text: titular bishop

categories: Bulgarian Roman Catholic bishops,1914 births,1983 deaths,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Bogdan Stefanov Dobranov

paragraph: Bogdan Dobranov () (1914–1983) was a Bulgarian Catholic priest and bishop Ordinariate of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sofia and Plovdiv.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Bogdan Dobranov Bishop was born in Plovdiv. On March 23, 1940 he was ordained a priest, and on October 10, 1959 he was elected titular bishop of Gyufi. He was consecrated bishop on November 8, 1959. On July 22, 1975 he was appointed as the Sofia - Plovdiv apostolic vicar, and on 14 December 1978 he was appointed as the Sofia - Plovdiv eparhien bishop. After his death, the Sofia - Plovdiv diocese remained without a bishop for nearly five years (SEDE VACANTE), because of the difficult political situation.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdobranov.html

wikidata_label: Bogdan Stefanov Dobranov

wikipedia_title: Bogdan Stefanov Dobranov


text: O.F.M.Conv.

text: Veliko Tarnovo

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicopoli

text: civil engineering

text: architecture

text: Samuel Dzhundrin

text: Franciscan

text: Belene

text: Pope John Paul II

text: St. Peter's Basilica

text: Giovanni Battista Re

text: Jorge María Mejía

text: Caritas

text: Episcopal Conference of Bulgaria

text: Pontifical Council Cor Unum

text: Order pro merito Melitensi

text: ambassador

text: Sovereign Military Order of Malta

text: His Excellency

text: Count

text: Camillo Dzukoli

text: St Paul of the Cross Cathedral

text: Rousse

text: Catholic Church in Bulgaria

text: catholic hierarchy

categories: 1950 births,People from Veliko Tarnovo Province,20th-century Roman Catholic bishops,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Bulgarian Roman Catholic bishops,Living people

paragraph: Petko Jordanov Christov

paragraph: Petko Jordanov Christov (), O.F.M.Conv. (born 9 October 1950 in Velcevo, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria) is the current bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicopoli.

paragraph: Petko Jordanov Christov studied at the Professional School of Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy "Angel Popov" in Veliko Tarnovo, in the fields of civil engineering and architecture.

paragraph: From 1977 to 1985 in Bulgaria he studied to become a priest and was ordained on 15 December 1985 by Bishop Samuel Dzhundrin. In 1990 Christov gave his first vows in the Order of Franciscans on 15 December 1993. He served in parishes in Belene and Tranchovitsa. On 18 October 1994 Christov was consecrated by Pope John Paul II as Bishop of Nikopol. On 6 January 1995 he was ordained in the St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican by John Paul II, with Cardinals Giovanni Battista Re and Jorge María Mejía being his co-consecrators.

paragraph: Petko Jordanov Christov is president of the Catholic charity Caritas in Bulgaria and member of the Episcopal Conference of Bulgaria.

paragraph: In the Episcopal Conference of Bulgaria is the chairman of the following committees:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pontifical Council Cor Unum

paragraph: Section::::Distinctions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order pro merito Melitensi, bestowed by the ambassador of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, His Excellency Count Camillo Dzukoli in a ceremony in St Paul of the Cross Cathedral in Rousse, 30 November 2011, for his active work and cooperation related to charitable activities of the Catholic Church in Bulgaria

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- catholic hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Petko Jordanov Christov

wikipedia_title: Petko Jordanov Christov


text:
Mecklenburg
John I
Henry I
Nicholas III
Gadebusch
apanage
Doberan Minster
abbess
Rehna Abbey
Online

categories: House of Mecklenburg,Year of birth uncertain,Lords of Mecklenburg,1299 deaths,13th-century births,13th-century German people

paragraph: John II, Lord of Mecklenburg

paragraph: John II of Mecklenburg ( – 12 October 1299) was from 1264 until his death Lord of Mecklenburg.

paragraph: He was the youngest son of John I and Luitgard of Henneberg (1210-1267), the daughter of Count Poppo VII of Henneberg. After his brother Henry I was taken prisoner during his pilgrimage, he took over the regency of Mecklenburg and the guardianship of Henry's sons in 1275, along with his brother Nicholas III.

paragraph: In 1283 he was then referred to as Lord of Gadebusch. He probably received Gadebush as an apanage.

paragraph: He died on 12 October 1299 and was buried in the Doberan Minster.

paragraph: Three of his children have been documented:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lütgard, died after 2 August 1353

paragraph: BULLET::::- John, died young

paragraph: BULLET::::- Elizabeth, died after 1352, abbess of Rehna Abbey

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friedrich Wigger: "Stammtafeln des Großherzoglichen Hauses von Meklenburg", in: "Jahrbücher des Vereins für Mecklenburgische Geschichte und Altertumskunde", vol. 50, 1885, p. 111 ff, (Online)

description: Co-ruler of Mecklenburg

wikidata_label: John II, Lord of Mecklenburg

wikipedia_title: John II, Lord of Mecklenburg


text: Werle-Goldberg

text: Nicholas IV

text: Albert II

text: Nicholas III of Werle

text: Henry III

text: Bernard II of Werle

text: Doberan Minster

text: Biographical information on John

categories: 14th-century births,Lords of Werle,14th-century German people,House of Mecklenburg,1374 deaths

paragraph: John IV of Werle

paragraph: John IV of Werle-Goldberg, (before 1350 – between 13 March and 14 December 1374) was from 1354 until his death Lord of Werle-Goldberg.

paragraph: He was the son of Nicholas IV and Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin.

paragraph: As he was still a minor when he inherited Werle, his mother put him under the guardianship of Duke Albert II of Mecklenburg. However, a dispute arose between Albert II and John's mother, and she then chose Lord Nicholas III of Werle-Güstrow as his guardian. After Nicholas's death, John IV ruled for himself.

paragraph: On 31 October 1366, he closed a marriage contract with Duke Albert II and his sons, in which he was promised he could marry Euphemia, the four-year-old daughter of Albert's son Henry III. The marriage was planned for 1379, when she would be 17 years old. However, John IV died in 1374, so the marriage never took place.

paragraph: He died in 1374, unmarried and childless. With his death, the Werle-Goldberg line died out and Werle-Goldberg fell to Bernard II of Werle-Güstrow. He was probably buried in the Doberan Minster.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical table of the House of Mecklenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical information on John at emecklenburg.de

description: lord of Werle-Goldberg

wikidata_label: John IV of Werle

wikipedia_title: John IV of Werle


text: Wimbledon School of Art

text: School of Visual Arts

text: D.A.A.D. award

text: Hunter College

text: stone

text: Long Island City

text: Queens

text: State University of New York

text: Stony Brook

text: Songs of Love and Hate

text: Deus Ex Machina

text: Little Prince

text: Terra Incognita

text: Divided World

text: The Eye and the Horizon

text: South Tacoma

text: Landmark

text: Under the Shadow of a Big Tree

text: The Bell, The Flower, and the Wash

text: Avanim Vetseadim

text: Monument for Time

text: The House and the Boat

text: Water

text: Theater of the Wind

text: Mammoth

text: Ilan Averbuch on Artnet

paragraph: Ilan Averbuch

paragraph: Ilan Averbuch (born 1953) is a sculptor born in Israel, he studied art in England and the United States.

paragraph: From 1977 to 1978 Averbuch attended Wimbledon School of Art in London, and from 1979 to 1981 he attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City. In 1982 he received the Rhodes Family Award and in 1985 the D.A.A.D. award in Berlin, Germany. He completed his art education from 1983 to 1985, studying at the Hunter College in New York.

paragraph: His works are made from materials such as stone, wood, steel, copper, lead, glass and aluminum.They are located in public spaces and collections in the United States, Canada, Israel, India and Europe.

paragraph: Averbuch lives and works in a former factory building in Long Island City (Queens) in New York. From 1994 -2000 he taught at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. As a sculptor of large-scale outdoor art, he has worked on many public projects. His work is also exhibited in galleries and museums worldwide.

paragraph: Ilan Averbuch's work has been shown at the Arkansas Art Center, Little Rock; Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto; Art in the Park, New York; Bronfman Centre, Montreal; The Brooklyn Museum, New York; Fort Tryon Park Project, New York; Het Apollohuis, The Netherlands; Hudson River Museum, Yonkers, New York; Hunter College, New York; Israel Museum, Jerusalem; Jamaica Art Center, Queens, New York; The Jewish Museum, New York; Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York; Kunstlerhaus Bethanien, Berlin; Israel Museum, Jerusalem; List Art Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Lodz, Poland Historical Museum, Lodz, Poland; Palo Alto Cultural Center, California; P.S. 1, Long Island City, Queens, New York; Robert Moses Plaza, Fordham University at Lincoln Center, New York; Socrates Sculpture Park, Astoria, Queens, New York; Tefen Museum Sculpture Garden, Israel; Tel Aviv Museum, Israel; Tel Hai Art Center, Israel; Tel Noff Sculpture Garden, Israel.

paragraph: The artist's work is represented in numerous public collections, among them: The Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada; Brock University, Ontario, Canada; Bronfman Centre, Montreal, Canada; Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel; Kunstlerhaus, Bethanien, Berlin, Germany; Prudential Insurance Company of America; Newark, New Jersey; Runnymede Sculpture Farm, Woodside, California; Tefen Museum, Israel; Tel Aviv Museum, Israel; Tel Hai Art Center, Israel; Tel Noff Sculpture Garden, Israel.

paragraph: Ilan Averbuch, Public Projects, was published in 2011 by Charta Art Publications.

paragraph: Ilan Averbuch, Reflections was published in 2013 by the Open Museum, Omer Industrial Park.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Songs of Love and Hate (1988), Queens, New York

paragraph: BULLET::::- (1989), Tel Aviv, Israel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deus Ex Machina (1991), Open Museum, Tefen, Israel

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Prince" (1995), Portland, Oregon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Terra Incognita" (1995), Portland, Oregon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divided World (2000), Lavon, Israel

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dove Tower and the Steps to the Bottom of a Pyramid (2004), Storrs, Connecticut

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Eye and the Horizon (2006), Stapleton, Colorado

paragraph: BULLET::::- South Tacoma (2008), Tacoma, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- Landmark (2008), Phoenix, Arizona

paragraph: BULLET::::- Under the Shadow of a Big Tree (2009), Tamarac, Florida

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Bell, The Flower, and the Wash (2009), Scottsdale, Arizona

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avanim Vetseadim (2009), Leawood, Kansas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Monument for Time (2010), Herriman, Utah

paragraph: BULLET::::- The House and the Boat (2012), Bellingham, Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- Water (2013), El Paso, Texas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theater of the Wind (2016), Tempe, Arizona

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mammoth (2018), Ellensburg, Washington

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ilan Averbuch: The Lily Pond, at Nancy Hoffman Gallery. [https://vimeo.com/241750739 [Video]]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ilan Averbuch on Artnet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Ilan Averbuch by William Garrett.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Video: Ilan Averbuch installing Mammoth, at Central Washington University, 2018.

alias:
אילן אורבוך
Ilan Aṿerbukh

description: sculptor

wikidata_label: Ilan Averbuch

wikipedia_title: Ilan Averbuch


text:
Greek
Mayor of Athens
Ioannis Koniaris
City of Athens - Historic Mayors

categories: 1872 deaths,Mayors of Athens,1801 births

paragraph: Ioannis Koniaris

paragraph: Ioannis Koniaris (, 1801–1872) was a Greek politician of the 19th century, who was twice elected as Mayor of Athens, serving from 29 August 1854 until 22 November 1853 and again until 23 November 1854.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ioannis Koniaris a synoptic biographical information from the Modern Greek Information Institute

paragraph: BULLET::::- City of Athens - Historic Mayors

description: Greek politician

wikidata_label: Ioannis Koniaris

wikipedia_title: Ioannis Koniaris


text: Royal Navy

text: Seven Years' War

text: American War of Independence

text: French Revolutionary Wars

text: admiral

text: pottery

text: Tunstall, Staffordshire

text: Audley, Staffordshire

text: First Lord of the Admiralty

text: George Anson

text: Seven Years' War

text: Siege of Louisbourg

text: Siege of Pondicherry

text: pottery

text: Tunstall, Staffordshire

text: Newfield, Staffordshire

text: American War of Independence

text: HMS "Europe"

text: Marriot Arbuthnot

text: Battle of Cape Henry

text: Chesapeake Bay

text: Battle of the Chesapeake

text: Yorktown

text: HMS "Commerce de Marseille"

text: Siege of Toulon

text: West Indies

text: Portsmouth

text: Vice Admiral of the Blue

text: Smith Child

text: Wolstanton

text: "The borough of Stoke-upon-Trent"

text: "Cassell's Gazetteer"

categories: Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War,British military personnel of the French and Indian War,Royal Navy personnel of the Seven Years' War,Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars,Royal Navy admirals,1813 deaths,1730 births

paragraph: Smith Child (Royal Navy officer)

paragraph: Smith Child (1730 – 1813) was an officer in the Royal Navy. He served in the Seven Years' War, the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary Wars, rising to the rank of admiral. He also established a pottery manufactory in Tunstall, Staffordshire.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born into a well-to-do family from Audley, Staffordshire, Smith Child entered the Royal Navy in 1747 through a connection between his father (also named Smith Child) and First Lord of the Admiralty George Anson. Serving first aboard , he rose through the ranks, seeing service in the Seven Years' War supporting the Siege of Louisbourg in 1758 and the Siege of Pondicherry in 1760.

paragraph: In 1763 he established a pottery-manufactory in Tunstall, Staffordshire, and married Margaret Roylance of Newfield, Staffordshire the following year, acquiring a significant estate from her family. They had two sons; one was lost at sea, and the other died two years before his father.

paragraph: By the American War of Independence he had been promoted to captain. He was in command of HMS "Europe" as part of Admiral Marriot Arbuthnot's fleet in the March 1781 Battle of Cape Henry, in which the British fought off a French fleet attempting to enter Chesapeake Bay, and again later that year in the critical Battle of the Chesapeake in early September, in which the British lost control of the bay, enabling the Franco-American victory at Yorktown.

paragraph: In November 1795 he was given command of the HMS "Commerce de Marseille", a French ship that had been given over to the Royal Navy in the 1793 Siege of Toulon. The ship, originally a 118-gun three-decker, had been converted to a store and transport ship, and was loaded with 1,000 men and stores for transport to the West Indies. In somewhat poor condition, she was further damaged in a storm not long after sailing, and Child was forced to return to Portsmouth.

paragraph: Child was promoted to Vice Admiral of the Blue in February 1799, but saw no further action. He died in 1813, two years after his son John. As a result, he willed his estate to his grandson, Smith Child. He is buried at St. Margaret's Church in Wolstanton. In 1893 a clocktower was erected in Tunstall commemorating his civic contributions.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James, William. "The Naval History of Great Britain", Volume 1

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ward, John. "The borough of Stoke-upon-Trent"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cassell's Gazetteer"

description: Royal Navy admiral

wikidata_label: Smith Child

wikipedia_title: Smith Child (Royal Navy officer)


href: Greece Impressionism Painting Piraeus Attica Prefectures%20of%20Greece Attica-Viotia Konstantinos%20Volanakis Paris shipbuilding London Athens Athens

text:
Greek
impressionist
painter
Piraeus
Attica
prefecture
Attica-Viotia
Konstantinos Volanakis
Paris
shipbuilding
London
Athens
Athens

categories: Greek painters,1933 deaths,Impressionist painters,People from Piraeus,1888 births

paragraph: Michalis Oikonomou

paragraph: Michalis Oikonomou (also Mihalis Ikonomou or Michael Economou; Greek: Μιχάλης Οικονόμου, 1888–1933) was a Greek impressionist painter. He was born in 1888 in Piraeus in the Attica prefecture (then Attica-Viotia) and went to school there. His first art teacher was Konstantinos Volanakis. In 1906, he moved to Paris, where he studied shipbuilding, and also attended the art school there. Between 1913 and 1926, he had three one-man shows (two in Paris and one in London) and took part in many group exhibits. He returned to Greece in 1926 and lived in Athens. He studied there in "Parnassos". In 1929, his last exhibit was shown at the Public Theatre in Piraeus. He died in Athens in 1933.

description: Greek painter

wikidata_label: Michalis Oikonomou

wikipedia_title: Michalis Oikonomou


text: EC Comics

text: Mad

text: Marvel

text: Daredevil

text: packaging

text: gag

text: cartoons

text: record album

text: posters

text: syndicated

text: comic strip

text: trading cards

text: Topps

text: Mars Attacks

text: William Gaines

text: Jack Kirby Hall of Fame

text: Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame

text: Menahga, Minnesota

text: Alex Raymond

text: Flash Gordon

text: Milton Caniff

text: Terry and the Pirates

text: Hal Foster

text: Prince Valiant

text: Will Eisner

text: The Spirit

text: Roy Crane

text: Wash Tubbs

text: United States Merchant Marine

text: World War II

text: U.S. Army

text: 11th Airborne Division

text: Fort Benning

text: Georgia

text: occupied Japan

text: Hokkaidō

text: Minneapolis School of Art

text: Finnish

text: Bickford's

text: Hogarth School of Art

text: John Severin

text: Harvey Kurtzman

text: Will Elder

text: George Wunder

text: lettering

text: Fox

text: romance comics

text: inking

text: Fox Comics

text: Western

text: marquee

text: Harry Harrison

text: Avon Comics

text: Joe Orlando

text: horror

text: Shock SuspenStories

text: satirical

text: Harvey Kurtzman

text: Mad

text: lawsuit

text: Superman

text: DC

text: Captain Marvel

text: Fawcett

text: Superduperman!

text: William Gaines

text: Weird Science

text: Weird Fantasy

text: Weird Science-Fantasy

text: Two-Fisted Tales

text: Tales from the Crypt

text: Valor

text: Piracy

text: Aces High

text: Jules Feiffer

text: Will Eisner

text: Upper West Side

text: Harry Harrison

text: Galaxy Science Fiction

text: Isaac Asimov

text: Philip K. Dick

text: Jack Finney

text: C.M. Kornbluth

text: Frederik Pohl

text: Robert Silverberg

text: Robert Sheckley

text: Clifford D. Simak

text: Jack Vance

text: men's magazines

text: inked

text: Sky Masters of the Space Force

text: Jack Kirby

text: Marvel

text: Atlas Comics

text: DC

text: House of Mystery

text: Jack Kirby

text: Challengers of the Unknown

text: Warren

text: Creepy

text: Eerie

text: Avon

text: Strange Worlds

text: Charlton

text: Fox

text: Martin Kane, Private Eye

text: Gold Key

text: M.A.R.S. Patrol Total War

text: Harvey

text: King Comics

text: Jungle Jim

text: Atlas/Seaboard

text: Wham-O

text: Larry Ivie

text: T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents

text: Tower Comics

text: syndicated

text: Christmas comic strip

text: trading cards

text: Topps

text: Mars Attacks

text: Bob Powell

text: Norman Saunders

text: Silver Age of Comic Books

text: Daredevil

text: Stan Lee

text: Stilt-Man

text: Fantastic Four

text: Dr. Doom

text: Astonishing Tales

text: Tower of Shadows

text: copyright

text: satirical

text: Disneyland Memorial Orgy

text: Paul Krassner

text: The Realist

text: copyrighted

text: Disney

text: Cinderella's Castle

text: Snow White

text: blacklight

text: Jim Shooter

text: Captain Action

text: Superboy

text: Roy Thomas

text: Joe Orlando

text: Vince Colletta

text: Prince Valiant

text: Plop!

text: Steve Ditko

text: Stalker

text: Sandman

text: Hercules Unbound

text: José Luis García-López

text: Walt Simonson

text: All Star Comics

text: Power Girl

text: Academy of Comic Book Arts

text: ACBA Sketchbook

text: Frank Miller

text: Wonder Woman

text: Dan Adkins

text: Richard Bassford

text: Howard Chaykin

text: Nick Cuti

text: Leo and Diane Dillon

text: Larry Hama

text: Russ Jones

text: Wayne Howard

text: Paul Kirchner

text: Bill Pearson

text: Ralph Reese

text: Bhob Stewart

text: Tatjana Wood

text: Mike Zeck

text: witzend

text: alternative comics

text: Mike Friedrich

text: Star Reach

text: Flo Steinberg

text: Big Apple Comix

text: Bill Pearson

text: Sally Forth

text: Overseas Weekly

text: Eros Comix

text: Fantagraphics Books

text: Heroes, Inc. Presents Cannon

text: Steve Ditko

text: Ralph Reese

text: Ron Whyte

text: CPL Gang Publications

text: Larry Hama

text: Disney

text: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

text: Terry and The Pirates

text: Prince Valiant

text: Superman

text: Wonder Woman

text: Flash Gordon

text: Tarzan

text: Alice in Wonderland

text: The Wizard of Oz

text: Larry Hama

text: Marvel Comics

text: copyright

text: United States Copyright Office

text: film noir

text: Rafael Kayanan

text: Michael Avon Oeming

text: Powers

text: Cerebus TV

text: Dave Sim

text: Tatjana Wood

text: colorist

text: alcoholism

text: kidney failure

text: vision

text: EC

text: Harvey Kurtzman

text: Fantagraphics Books

text: Bhob Stewart

text: John Severin

text: Al Williamson

text: Paul Krassner

text: Trina Robbins

text: Larry Hama

text: Paul Levitz

text: National Cartoonists Society

text: Alley Award

text: Best Foreign Cartoonist Award

text: Angoulême International Comics Festival

text: The Jack Kirby Hall of Fame

text: The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame

text: Inkwell Awards

text: All-American Men of War

text: All Star Comics

text: Amazing World of DC Comics

text: Angel and the Ape

text: Anthro

text: Captain Action

text: Challengers of the Unknown

text: DC 100 Page Super Spectacular

text: DC Special Series

text: Flash

text: Ghosts

text: Girls' Love Stories

text: Green Lantern

text: Hercules Unbound

text: House of Mystery

text: House of Secrets

text: Isis

text: Limited Collectors' Edition

text: Our Army at War

text: Our Fighting Forces

text: Plop!

text: Richard Dragon

text: Sandman

text: Showcase

text: Stalker

text: Strange Adventures

text: Super-Team Family

text: Hawkman

text: Superboy

text: Swing with Scooter

text: Teen Titans

text: The Unexpected

text: Weird Mystery Tales

text: The Witching Hour

text: Wonder Woman

text: Young Love

text: Aces High

text: Confessions Illustrated

text: Gunfighter

text: The Haunt of Fear

text: Mad

text: A Moon, a Girl ... Romance

text: Piracy

text: Shock SuspenStories

text: Tales from the Crypt

text: Two-Fisted Tales

text: Valor

text: Vault of Horror

text: Weird Fantasy

text: Weird Science

text: Astonishing Tales

text: Doctor Doom

text: Avengers

text: Captain America

text: Cat

text: Daredevil

text: Journey into Mystery

text: Journey into Unknown Worlds

text: Kull the Conqueror

text: Marvel Spotlight

text: Red Wolf

text: Marvel Tales

text: Mystic

text: Strange Tales

text: Human Torch

text: Thing

text: Tales of Suspense

text: Iron Man

text: Tower of Shadows

text: Unknown Worlds of Science Fiction

text: Western Gunfighters

text: T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents

text: Blazing Combat

text: Creepy

text: Eerie

text: Famous Monsters of Filmland

text: Vampirella

text: "Total Control: A Brief Biography of Wally Wood"

text: Alter Ego

text: WebCitation archive

text: Wallace Wood Estate

text: Report to Readers: The Life and Legend of Wallace Wood Volume 2

text: Complete list of Wood's articles for MAD Magazine

text: The Wally Wood Letters

text: WebCitation archive

text: Stiles, Steve

text: "Wallace Wood: The Tragedy of a Master S.F. Cartoonist"

text: WebCitation archive

text: "Comic Book Creators Trading Cards #3: Wally Wood"

text: WebCitation archive

text: Wally Wood (1927–1981)

text: WebCitation archive

text: "Wood"

text: WebCitation archive

text: Wally Wood

text: Wallace Wood

text: Merry Marvel Marching Society recording

categories: American comic strip cartoonists,American sailors,Prince Valiant,American people of Finnish descent,Marvel Comics people,1927 births,Artists from Minnesota,People from Menahga, Minnesota,American army personnel of World War II,20th-century American artists,Writers who committed suicide,1981 deaths,20th-century American writers,EC Comics,Golden Age comics creators,Jack Kirby Hall of Fame inductees,Comic book publishers (people),Writers from Minnesota,Artists who committed suicide,Artists with disabilities,Mad (magazine) cartoonists,Silver Age comics creators,United States Army soldiers,Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees,American comics writers,American illustrators,Science fiction artists,American speculative fiction artists,American comics artists,American erotic artists,Suicides by firearm in California

paragraph: Wally Wood

paragraph: Wallace Allan Wood (June 17, 1927 – November 2, 1981) was an American comic book writer, artist and independent publisher, best known for his work on EC Comics's "Mad" and Marvel's "Daredevil". He was one of "Mad"'s founding cartoonists in 1952. Although much of his early professional artwork is signed Wallace Wood, he became known as Wally Wood, a name he claimed to dislike. Within the comics community, he was also known as Woody, a name he sometimes used as a signature.

paragraph: In addition to Wood's hundreds of comic book pages, he illustrated for books and magazines while also working in a variety of other areas – advertising; packaging and product illustrations; gag cartoons; record album covers; posters; syndicated comic strips; and trading cards, including work on Topps's landmark "Mars Attacks" set.

paragraph: EC publisher William Gaines once stated, "Wally may have been our most troubled artist ... I'm not suggesting any connection, but he may have been our most brilliant".

paragraph: He was the inaugural inductee into the comic book industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1989, and was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Wally Wood was born in Menahga, Minnesota, and he began reading and drawing comics at an early age. He was strongly influenced by the art styles of Alex Raymond's "Flash Gordon", Milton Caniff's "Terry and the Pirates", Hal Foster's "Prince Valiant", Will Eisner's "The Spirit" and especially Roy Crane's "Wash Tubbs". Recalling his childhood, Wood said that his dream at age six, about finding a magic pencil that could draw anything, foretold his future as an artist.

paragraph: Wood graduated from high school in 1944, signed on with the United States Merchant Marine at the close of World War II and enlisted in the U.S. Army's 11th Airborne Division in 1946. He went from training at Fort Benning, Georgia, to occupied Japan, where he was assigned to the island of Hokkaidō.

paragraph: In 1947, at age 20, Wood enrolled in the Minneapolis School of Art but only lasted one term. Arriving in New York City with his brother Glenn and mother Alma (of Finnish descent), after his military discharge in July 1948, Wood found employment at Bickford's restaurant as a busboy. During his time off he carried his thick portfolio of drawings all over midtown Manhattan, visiting every publisher he could find. He briefly attended the Hogarth School of Art but dropped out after one semester.

paragraph: By October, after being rejected by every company he visited, Wood met fellow artist John Severin in the waiting room of a small publisher. After the two shared their experiences attempting to find work, Severin invited Wood to visit his studio, the Charles William Harvey Studio, where Wood met Charlie Stern, Harvey Kurtzman (who was working for Timely/Marvel) and Will Elder. At this studio Wood learned that Will Eisner was looking for a "Spirit" background artist. He immediately visited Eisner and was hired on the spot.

paragraph: Over the next year, Wood also became an assistant to George Wunder, who had taken over the Milton Caniff strip "Terry and the Pirates". Wood cited his "first job on my own" as "Chief Ob-stacle", a continuing series of strips for a 1949 political newsletter. He entered the comic book field by lettering, as he recalled in 1981: "The first professional job was lettering for Fox romance comics in 1948. This lasted about a year. I also started doing backgrounds, then inking. Most of it was the romance stuff. For complete pages, it was $5 a page ... Twice a week, I would ink ten pages in one day".

paragraph: Artists' representative Renaldo Epworth helped Wood land his early comic-book assignments, making it unclear if that connection led to Wood's lettering or to his comics-art debut, the ten-page story "The Tip Off Woman" in the Fox Comics Western "Women Outlaws" No. 4 (cover-dated January 1949, on sale late 1948). Wood's next known comic-book art did not appear until Fox's "My Confession" No. 7 (August 1949), at which time he began working almost continuously on the company's similar "My Experience", "My Secret Life", "My Love Story" and "My True Love: Thrilling Confession Stories". His first signed work is believed to be in "My Confession" #8 (October 1949), with the name "Woody" half-hidden on a theater marquee. He penciled and inked two stories in that issue: "I Was Unwanted" (nine pages) and "My Tarnished Reputation" (ten pages).

paragraph: Wood began at EC co-penciling and co-inking with Harry Harrison the story "Too Busy For Love" ("Modern Love" #5), and fully penciling the lead story, "I Was Just a Playtime Cowgirl", in "Saddle Romances" No. 11 (April 1950), inked by Harrison.

paragraph: Working from a Manhattan studio at West 64th Street and Columbus Avenue, Wood began to attract attention in 1950 with his science-fiction artwork for EC and Avon Comics, some in collaboration with Joe Orlando. During this period, he drew in a wide variety of subjects and genres, including adventure, romance, war and horror; message stories (for EC's "Shock SuspenStories"); and eventually satirical humor for writer/editor Harvey Kurtzman in "Mad" including a satire of the lawsuit Superman's publisher DC filed against Captain Marvel's publisher Fawcett called "Superduperman!" battling Captain Marbles.

paragraph: Wood was instrumental in convincing EC publisher William Gaines to start a line of science fiction comics, "Weird Science" and "Weird Fantasy" (later combined under the single title "Weird Science-Fantasy"). Wood penciled and inked several dozen EC science fiction stories. Wood also had frequent entries in "Two-Fisted Tales" and "Tales from the Crypt", as well as the later EC titles "Valor", "Piracy", and "Aces High".

paragraph: Working over scripts and pencil breakdowns by Jules Feiffer, the 25-year-old Wood drew two months of Will Eisner's Sunday-supplement newspaper comic book "The Spirit", on the 1952 story arc "The Spirit in Outer Space". Eisner, Wood recalled, paid him "about $30 a week for lettering and backgrounds on "The Spirit". Sometimes he paid $40 when I did the drawings, too".

paragraph: Feiffer, in 2010, recalled Wood's studio, "which was at that time in the very slummy Upper West Side [of Manhattan] in the [West] 60s, years before it was [the] Lincoln Center [area]. It was a cartoonist and science-fiction writers' ghetto – just a huge room where the walls were knocked down, dark, smelly, roach-infested, and all these cartoonists and writers bent over their tables. One was [science-fiction writer] Harry Harrison."

paragraph: Between 1957 and 1967, Wood produced both covers and interiors for more than 60 issues of the science-fiction digest "Galaxy Science Fiction", illustrating such authors as Isaac Asimov, Philip K. Dick, Jack Finney, C.M. Kornbluth, Frederik Pohl, Robert Silverberg, Robert Sheckley, Clifford D. Simak and Jack Vance. He painted six covers for "Galaxy Science Fiction Novels" between 1952 and 1958. His gag cartoons appeared in the men's magazines "Dude", "Gent" and "Nugget". He inked the first eight months of the 1958–1961 syndicated comic strip "Sky Masters of the Space Force", penciled by Jack Kirby.

paragraph: Wood expanded into book illustrations, including for the picture-cover editions (though not the dust-jacket editions) of titles in the 1959 Aladdin Books reissues of Bobbs Merrill's 1947 "Childhood of Famous Americans" series.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Silver Age and Bronze Age.

paragraph: Wood additionally did art and stories for comic-book companies large and small – from Marvel (and its 1950s iteration Atlas Comics), DC (including "House of Mystery" and Jack Kirby's "Challengers of the Unknown"), and Warren ("Creepy", "Eerie", "1984"), to such smaller firms as Avon ("Eerie", "Strange Worlds"), Charlton ("War and Attack", "Jungle Jim"), Fox ("Martin Kane, Private Eye"), Gold Key ("M.A.R.S. Patrol Total War", "Fantastic Voyage"), Harvey ("Unearthly Spectaculars"), King Comics ("Jungle Jim"), Atlas/Seaboard ("The Destructor"), Youthful Comics ("Capt. Science") and the toy company Wham-O ("Wham-O Giant Comics"). In 1965, Wood, Len Brown, and possibly Larry Ivie created "T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents" for Tower Comics. He wrote and drew the 1967 syndicated Christmas comic strip, "Bucky's Christmas Caper". During the 1960s, Wood did many trading cards and humor products for Topps Chewing Gum, including concept roughs for Topps' famed 1962 "Mars Attacks" cards prior to the final art by Bob Powell and Norman Saunders.

paragraph: For Marvel during the Silver Age of Comic Books, Wood's work as penciler-inker of "Daredevil" #5–8 and inker over Bob Powell of issues #9-11 established the title character's distinctive red costume (in issue #7). Wood and Stan Lee introduced the Stilt-Man in "Daredevil" #8 (June 1965). When Daredevil guest-starred in "Fantastic Four" #39–40, Wood inked that character, over Jack Kirby pencils, on the covers and throughout the interior.

paragraph: Wood penciled and inked the first four 10-page installments of the company's "Dr. Doom" feature in "Astonishing Tales" #1–4 (Aug. 1970-Feb. 1971), and both wrote and drew anthological horror/suspense tales in "Tower of Shadows" #5–8 (May–Nov. 1970), as well as sporadic other work.

paragraph: In circles concerned with copyright and intellectual property issues, Wood is known as the artist of the unsigned satirical Disneyland Memorial Orgy poster, which first appeared in Paul Krassner's magazine "The Realist". The poster depicts a number of copyrighted Disney characters in various unsavory activities (including sex acts and drug use), with huge dollar signs radiating from Cinderella's Castle. Wood himself, as late as 1981, when asked who did that drawing, said only, "I'd rather not say anything about that! It was the most pirated drawing in history! Everyone was printing copies of that. I understand some people got busted for selling it. I always thought Disney stuff was pretty sexy ... Snow White, etc." Disney took no legal action against either Krassner or "The Realist" but did sue a publisher of a "blacklight" version of the poster, who used the image without Krassner's permission. The case was settled out of court.

paragraph: At DC Comics, he and Jim Shooter launched the "Captain Action" comic book series in 1968. The following year, Wood briefly served as inker of the "Superboy" series. Discovering from Roy Thomas that Jack Kirby had returned to DC in 1970, Wood called editor Joe Orlando in an attempt to get the assignment to ink Kirby's new work, but that role was already filled by Vince Colletta. That same year, Wood was a ghost artist for an episode of "Prince Valiant". Wood worked on various series for DC between 1975 and 1977, producing several covers for "Plop!" and inking the pencil artwork of Steve Ditko and Jack Kirby on "Stalker" and "The Sandman" respectively. He worked on the "Hercules Unbound" series as well, providing inks for José Luis García-López and Walt Simonson. Wood penciled and inked "All Star Comics" and contributed to the creation of Power Girl by exaggerating the size of her breasts. Active with the 1970s Academy of Comic Book Arts, Wood contributed to several editions of the annual "ACBA Sketchbook". In one of his final assignments, Wood returned to a character he helped define, inking Frank Miller's cover of "Daredevil" #164 (May 1980). His last known mainstream credit was inking "Wonder Woman" #269 (July 1980).

paragraph: Over several decades, numerous artists worked at the Wood Studio. Associates and assistants included Dan Adkins, Richard Bassford, Howard Chaykin, Tony Coleman, Nick Cuti, Leo and Diane Dillon, Larry Hama, Russ Jones, Wayne Howard, Paul Kirchner, Joe Orlando, Bill Pearson, Al Sirois, Ralph Reese, Bhob Stewart, Tatjana Wood, and Mike Zeck.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Publisher.

paragraph: In 1966, Wood launched the independent magazine "witzend" (originally to be titled "et cetera", a name which had to be withdrawn when Wood was told another magazine had already used this) one of the first alternative comics, a decade before Mike Friedrich's "Star Reach" or Flo Steinberg's "Big Apple Comix" for which Wood drew the cover and contributed a story. Wood offered his fellow professionals the opportunity to contribute illustrations and graphic stories that detoured from the usual conventions of the comics industry. After the fourth issue, Wood turned "witzend" over to Bill Pearson, who continued as editor and publisher through the 1970s and into the 1980s.

paragraph: Wood additionally collected his feature "Sally Forth", published in the U.S. servicemen's periodicals "Military News" and "Overseas Weekly" in 1968–1974, in a series of four oversize (10"x12") magazines. Pearson, in 1993–95, reformatted the strips into a series of comics published by Eros Comix, an imprint of Fantagraphics Books, which in 1998 collected the entire run into a single 160-page volume.

paragraph: In 1969, Wood created another independent comic, "Heroes, Inc. Presents Cannon", intended for his "Sally Forth" military readership as indicated in the ads and indicia. Artists Steve Ditko and Ralph Reese and writer Ron Whyte are credited with primary writer-artist Wood on three features: "Cannon", "The Misfits", and "Dragonella". A second magazine-format issue was published in 1976 by Wood and CPL Gang Publications. Larry Hama, one of Wood's assistants, said, "I did script about three "Sally Forth" stories and a few of the "Cannon"'s. I wrote the main "Sally Forth" story in the first reprint book, which is actually dedicated to me, mostly because I lent Woody the money to publish it".

paragraph: In 1980 and 1981, Wood did two issues of a completely pornographic comic book, titled "Gang Bang". It featured two sexually explicit "Sally Forth" stories, and sexually explicit versions of Disney's "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", titled "So White and the Six Dorks"; "Terry and The Pirates", titled "Perry and the Privates"; "Prince Valiant", titled "Prince Violate"; "Superman" and "Wonder Woman", titled "Stuporman Meets Blunder Woman"; "Flash Gordon", titled "Flasher Gordon"; and "Tarzan" titled "Starzan". A third volume, published in 1983, contained three more sexually explicit parodies of "Alice in Wonderland", titled "Malice in Blunderland"; a second Flash Gordon sendup titled "Flesh Fucker Meets Women's Lib!"; and "The Wizard of Oz", titled "The Blizzard of Ooze".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:"Panels That Always Work".

paragraph: Wood struggled to be as efficient as possible in the often low-paying comics industry. Over time he created a series of layout techniques sketched on pieces of paper which he taped up near his drawing table. These "visual notes," collected on three pages, reminded Wood (and select assistants he showed the pages to) of various layouts and compositional techniques to keep his pages dynamic and interesting. (In the same vein, Wood also taped up another note to himself: "Never draw anything you can copy, never copy anything you can trace, never trace anything you can cut out and paste up.")

paragraph: In 1980, Wood's original, three-page, 24 panel (not 22) version of "Panels" was published with the proper copyright notice in The Wallace Wood Sketchbook (Crouch/Wood 1980). Around 1981, Wood's ex-assistant Larry Hama, by then an editor at Marvel Comics, pasted up photocopies of Wood's copyrighted drawings on a single page, which Hama titled "Wally Wood's 22 Panels That Always Work!!" (It was subtitled, "Or some interesting ways to get some variety into those boring panels where some dumb writer has a bunch of lame characters sitting around and talking for page after page!") Hama left out two of the original 24 panels as his photocopies were too faint to make out some of the lightest sketches. Hama distributed Wood's "elegantly simple primer to basic storytelling" to artists in the Marvel bullpen, who in turn passed them on to their friends and associates. Eventually, "22 Panels" made the rounds of just about every cartoonist or aspiring comic book artist in the industry and achieved its own iconic status.

paragraph: Wood's "Panels That Always Work" is copyright Wallace Wood Properties, LLC as listed by the United States Copyright Office which assigned the work Registration Number VA0001814764.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:"Panels That Always Work".:Homages and tributes to "22 Panels".

paragraph: In 2006, writer/artist Joel Johnson bought the Larry Hama paste-up of photocopies at auction and made it available for wide distribution on the Internet. In 2010 Anne Lukeman of Kill Vampire Lincoln Productions produced a short film adapting the "22 Panels That Always Work" into a "film noir"-style experimental piece called "22 Frames That Always Work". Artist Rafael Kayanan created a revised version of "22 Panels" that used actual art from published Wood comics to illustrate each frame. In 2006, cartoonist and publisher Cheese Hasselberger created "Cheese's 22 Panels That Never Work," featuring bizarre situations and generally poor storytelling techniques. In 2012, Michael Avon Oeming

paragraph: created a "Powers"-themed update/homage to "22 Panels," making it available for distribution. In July 2012, Cerebus TV producer Max Southall brought together materials and released a documentary that featured Dave Sim's homage to Wally Wood and a focus on his 22 Panels, including a tribute that features

paragraph: a creation using the motif of one of them, depicting Daredevil and Wood himself, in Wally Wood style – and the Wally Wood Estate's official print of the panels.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Personal life and final years.

paragraph: Wood was married three times. His first marriage was to artist Tatjana Wood, who later did extensive work as a comic-book colorist. Their marriage ended in the late 1960s. His second marriage, to Marilyn Silver, also ended in divorce.

paragraph: For much of his adult life, Wood suffered from chronic, unexplainable headaches. In the 1970s, following bouts with alcoholism, Wood suffered from kidney failure. A stroke in 1978 caused a loss of vision in one eye. Faced with declining health and career prospects, he died by suicide by gunshot in Los Angeles on

paragraph: November 2, 1981. Toward the end of his life, an embittered Wood would say, according to one biography, "If I had it all to do over again, I'd cut off my hands."

paragraph: In 1972, EC editor Harvey Kurtzman, who worked closely with Wood during the 1950s, said:

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Biographies, criticism, collections.

paragraph: In 2017 and 2018, Fantagraphics Books published "The Life and Legend of Wallace Wood" a set of two hardcover books (, ), mainly compiled by his former assistant Bhob Stewart over a 30-year period that featured personal recollections of Wood's friends, colleagues, and assistants, including John Severin, Al Williamson, Paul Krassner, Trina Robbins, Larry Hama, and Paul Levitz; previously unpublished artwork and photographs; and a detailed examination of his life and career. It was Stewart's last publishing project, but he did not live to see it in print.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Cartoonists Society Comic Book Division awards, 1957, 1959, and 1965.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alley Award, Best Pencil Artist, 1965

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alley Award, Best Inking Work, 1966

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best Foreign Cartoonist Award, Angoulême International Comics Festival, 1978

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Jack Kirby Hall of Fame, 1989

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame, 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Inkwell Awards Joe Sinnott Hall of Fame Award, 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:DC Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All-American Men of War" #29–30 (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "All Star Comics" #58–63 (inker); #64–65 (plotter/artist) (1976–1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amazing World of DC Comics" #13 (inker) (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angel and the Ape" #2–6 (inker) (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anthro" #6 (inker) (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Captain Action" #1 (artists) #2–3, 5 (inker) (1968–1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Challengers of the Unknown" #2–8 (inker) (1958–1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "DC 100 Page Super Spectacular" #5 (inker) (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "DC Special Series" #11 (The Flash) (inker) (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Falling in Love" #108 (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ghosts" #2 (inker) (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Girls' Love Stories" #143, 150 (1969–1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Green Lantern" #69 (inker) (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hercules Unbound" #1–8 (inker) (1975–1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Mystery" #180, 183–184, 189 (inker); #199, 251 (artist) (1969–1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "House of Secrets" #91, 96 (1971–1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Isis" #1 (inker) (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Limited Collectors' Edition" #C-34 (inker) (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Meet Angel" #7 (inker) (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Army at War" #249 (writer/artist) (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Fighting Forces" #10 (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plop!" #14 (artist); #16 (inker); #23 (writer/artists) (1975–1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Richard Dragon, Kung-Fu Fighter" #4–8 (inker) (1975–1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sandman" #6 (inker) (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Showcase" #12 (Challengers of the Unknown) (inker) (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stalker" #1–4 (inker) (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strange Adventures" #154 (inker) (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Super-Team Family" #3 (The Flash and Hawkman team-up) (inker) (1976)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Superboy" #153–155, 157–161 (inker) (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Swing with Scooter" #30–31, 33 (inker) (1970–1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Teen Titans" #19 (inker) (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Unexpected" #122, 137 (inker); #138 (artist) (1970–1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weird Mystery Tales" #23 (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Witching Hour" #15 (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wonder Woman" #195, 269 (inker) (1971–1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Young Love" #84 (inker) (1971)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:EC Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aces High" #1–5 (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Confessions Illustrated" #1 (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Crypt of Terror" #18 (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gunfighter" #13–14 (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Haunt of Fear" #15–16, 4–5, 24 (1950–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mad" #1–20, 23–49, 57–70, 72–86, 90 (1952–1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Modern Love" #5–8 (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Moon, a Girl ... Romance" #10–12 (1949–1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Piracy" #1–2 (1954–1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saddle Romances" #10–11 (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shock SuspenStories" #2–15 (1952–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tales from the Crypt" #21, 24–27 (1950–1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Dimensional EC Classics" #1 (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two-Fisted Tales" #18–28, 30–35, 41 (1950–1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Valor" #1–2, 4–5 (1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vault of Horror" #12–14, 39 (1950–1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weird Fantasy" #13–17, 6–14, 17 (1950–1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Weird Science" #12–13, 5–22 (1950–1953)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Marvel Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Astonishing Tales" #1–4 (Doctor Doom) (1970–1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Avengers" #20–22 (inker) (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Captain America" #127 (inker) (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cat" #1 (inker) (1972)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daredevil" #5–11 (1964–1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Journey into Mystery" #39, 51 (1956–1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Journey into Unknown Worlds" #51 (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Kull the Conqueror" #1 (inker) (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marvel Spotlight" #1 (Red Wolf) (inker) (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marvel Tales" #152 (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mystic" #52 (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strange Tales" #134 (Human Torch and the Thing) (inker) (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tales of Suspense" #71 (Iron Man) (inker) (1965)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tower of Shadows" #5–8 (writer/artist) (1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unknown Worlds of Science Fiction" #1 (writer) (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Western Gunfighters" #22 (1956)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Tower Comics.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dynamo" #1–4 (1966–1967)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents" #1–20 (1965–1969)

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Warren Publishing.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1984" #1–2, 5 (1978–1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blazing Combat" #3–4 (1966)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Comix International" #1 (1975)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Creepy" #38, 41, 55, 75, 78, 91 (1971–1977)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eerie" #5, 11, 14, 60–61 (1966–1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Famous Monsters of Filmland" #58 (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Galactic Wars Comix" #1 (1978)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monster World" #1 (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vampirella" #9–10, 12, 19, 27, "Annual" #1 (1971–1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Warren Presents" #1, 3 (1979)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stewart, Bhob, and Catron, J. Michael, editors, "The Life and Legend of Wallace Wood" Vol. 1 and Vol. 2

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gilbert, Michael T. "Total Control: A Brief Biography of Wally Wood", "Alter Ego" vol. 3, No. 8 (Spring 2001). WebCitation archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wood, Wally. "The Marvel Comics Art of Wally Wood". New York: Thumbtack Books, 1982, hardcover.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wallace Wood Estate

paragraph: BULLET::::- Report to Readers: The Life and Legend of Wallace Wood Volume 2 at The Comics Journal

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete list of Wood's articles for MAD Magazine

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Wally Wood Letters and photo album. WebCitation archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stiles, Steve "Wallace Wood: The Tragedy of a Master S.F. Cartoonist", SteveStiles.com, n.d. WebCitation archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Comic Book Creators Trading Cards #3: Wally Wood" IsThisTomorrow.com, n.d. WebCitation archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wally Wood (1927–1981) American Art Archives. WebCitation archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wood", BPIB.com (fan site), n.d. WebCitation archive.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Includes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wally Wood at Mike's Amazing World of Comics

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wallace Wood at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators

paragraph: BULLET::::- Merry Marvel Marching Society recording includes voice of Wally Wood

alias:
Wallace Allan Wood
Wallace A. Wood
Wood
Wallace Wood

description: American comic strip cartoonist and illustrator

wikidata_label: Wally Wood

wikipedia_title: Wally Wood