text: elocution

text: Curry College

text: Milton, Massachusetts

text: Davy Crockett

text: Daniel Boone

text: American Civil War

text: Boston University

text: Alexander Graham Bell

text: Steele MacKaye

text: Francesco Lamperti

text: Anna Baright

text: Harvard University

text: Yale

text: University of Washington

text: University of Minnesota

text: University of Chicago

text: Columbia University

text: Haskell Curry

text: speech

text: public speaking

text: Gertrude Johnson

text: "The Smile"

text: "How to Add Ten Years to Your Life"

text: Curry College History

categories: 1847 births,Boston University faculty,1921 deaths

paragraph: Samuel Silas Curry

paragraph: Samuel Silas Curry (November 23, 1847 – December 24, 1921) was an American professor of elocution and vocal expression. He is the namesake of Curry College in Milton, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Born on a small farm in Chatata, Tennessee, he was the son of James Campbell Curry and Nancy Young Curry, and shared kinship with famed frontiersmen Davy Crockett and Daniel Boone. Growing up on a frontier farm, he learned what it meant to work hard and gained a love of the natural world which would influence his later work. He was a teenager during the tumultuous years of the American Civil War, and experienced hardships when his family's farm was alternately appropriated by both the Union and Confederate armies.

paragraph: With no school nearby, his early education was received at home. He would work outdoors all day and study at night, reading late into the evenings by the light of the fireplace. His parents encouraged his learning, and shared with him their love of history and literature. As a young man, he left the farm to attend East Tennessee Wesleyan University (later Grant University), where he proved to be an outstanding scholar, graduating in 1872 with the school's highest honors.

paragraph: He continued his studies at Boston University, where he concentrated on literature, oratory, and theology. At B.U.'s School of Oratory he studied with Dr. Lewis B. Monroe and Alexander Graham Bell, then a professor of physiology at the school. In 1878 he graduated with both a diploma in oratory and a Master of Arts degree, and went on to earn his PhD. in 1880. In that same year he also received a diploma from Guilmette's School of Vocal Physiology in Boston.

paragraph: Section::::Career and later life.

paragraph: He was planning to enter the ministry, when a sudden loss of voice forced him to embark on a new path. He said of this incident:

paragraph: One Sunday morning I stood before an audience in the middle of an address, unable to speak a word. The horror of those moments has never been blotted from my memory. The failure was a climax of several years of misuse of my voice, though during that time I had sought help from every available source. I determined to search still more diligently to find the causes of my condition.

paragraph: Over the next few years he sought advice from many vocal specialists both at home and abroad. In the States he studied with Lewis B. Monroe, Alexander Melville Bell, and Steele MacKaye; he also spent two summers in Europe studying with Emil Behnke, Lennox Brown, Francesco Lamperti, and the famed François Joseph-Pierre Regnier, head of France's National School of Acting. After this extensive study, he had both re-gained his voice and acquired a thorough knowledge of elocution pedagogy. But instead of returning to the pulpit, he chose to become an educator himself. His travels had caused him to realize that he fundamentally disagreed with the prevalent methods of teaching elocution. He was known to say that he “had essayed the systems of forty different teachers, and found them all lacking in different degrees.” This realization led him to embark on his life's work—the establishment of a new method for teaching vocal expression. Curry called his method of instruction that was grounded in principles of psychology the “think-the-thought” method that focused on using the entire body and especially proper breathing technique. Curry “believed that his greatest contributions to students were in his ideas for encouraging positive attitudes toward life and his method for training the mind. He wanted his students to develop a way of thinking that ensured the words, when spoken, would have inner content. Curry saw the art of public reading as superior to acting, based on his belief that understanding the text was crucial to bringing text to life and that the “art of reading…must appeal more than the mind than to the eye.

paragraph: In 1882 he married Anna Baright, a well-known teacher of elocution and the founder of the School of Expression in Boston. Anna Baright Curry was an educated influential teacher of elocution in her own right, and took rival teacher of elocution Genevieve Stebbins to task in several letters for exploitative and misguided teaching practices which also objectified women’s bodies. In 1883 he was appointed Snow Professor of Oratory at Boston University, and in 1884 he became the Davis Professor of Elocution at the Newton Theological Seminary. In 1888 he left Boston University to become the Head of the School of Expression, later renamed Curry College in his honor. He taught at the School for the remainder of his career. From 1891-1894 he was also an instructor at Harvard University, and from 1892-1902 he taught at the Divinity School at Yale. Throughout his life, he traveled widely in order to teach courses at many different institutions, including the University of Washington, the University of Minnesota, the University of Chicago, and the Teacher's College at Columbia University. He also edited the journal "Expression", a quarterly review. Samuel and Anna had six children, including the well-known mathematician Haskell Curry.

paragraph: Samuel Silas Curry died on December 24, 1921.

paragraph: Section::::The Curry Method.

paragraph: Curry’s method of teaching elocution (or what today we would call speech or public speaking)

paragraph: emphasized individuality, intellectual engagement, spontaneity, creativity, and rigorous technical training. He developed a system that centered on the idea that all expression comes from within, and that vocal intonation, posture, and gesture cannot be dictated, but must happen naturally as a reaction to genuinely felt emotion. This was in contrast to many elocutionists of his day, who favored mechanistic methods that were rule-based, artificial, and imitative. Curry “believed that his greatest contributions to students were in his ideas for encouraging positive attitudes toward life and his method for training the mind. He wanted his students develop a way of thinking that ensured the words, when spoken, would have inner content”

paragraph: Curry’s rejection of the imitative method is evident in his writing:

paragraph: Action cannot be improved by one human being prescribing a gesture for another. This is the way to destroy all natural and expressive action. Action is personal and must always result from inner activity. It must obey the law from within outward. It must be the effect of an inner condition or experience. It cannot be brought about by laying down rules as to what gestures should be made with a certain class of ideas.

paragraph: He rejected not only the methods, but also the nomenclature of his field. He felt that the word “elocution” denoted artificiality, and preferred the word “expression” instead. Thus he changed the name of his school, originally the “School of Elocution and Expression,” to simply the “School of Expression.”

paragraph: But though Curry disapproved of the mechanistic method, he did not entirely abandon these techniques, nor did he wholeheartedly embrace the so-called natural method. Instead, he found a middle ground between the two. His program at the School of Expression encompassed both the psychological and the technical aspects of expression. Students read literature and poetry to stimulate their minds and awaken their emotions, but they also obtained more traditional vocal and physical training, engaging in rigorous technical exercises. Both Curry and his wife, Anna Baright Curry, were vocally opposed to the teachings, philosophy, and methods of instruction made famous by another influential teacher of elocution, Genevieve Stebbins.

paragraph: Curry was an influential teacher, and many of his students went on to become teachers themselves. Among them were Horace G. Rahskopf, Sara Stinchfield Hawk, Lee Emerson Bassett, Azubah Latham, and Gertrude Johnson. For many years he was librarian of the Boston Arts Club, and was friendly with all the Boston painters of the time.

paragraph: Section::::Major publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Classics for Vocal Expression" (1888)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Province of Expression: A Search for Principles Underlying Adequate Methods of Developing Dramatic and Oratoric Delivery" (1891)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lessons in Vocal Expression: Processes of Thinking in the Modulation of the Voice" (1895)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Imagination and Dramatic Instinct: Some Practical Steps for Their Development" (1896)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vocal and Literary Interpretation of the Bible" (1903)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Foundations of Expression: Studies and Problems for Developing the Voice, Body, and Mind in Reading and Speaking" (1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Browning and the Dramatic Monologue: Nature and Interpretation of an Overlooked Form of Literature" (1908)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mind and Voice: Principles and Methods in Vocal Training" (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Little Classics for Vocal Expression" (1912)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Spoken English" (1913)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Smile" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "How to Add Ten Years to Your Life" (1915)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Curry, Haskell B. “Memories of S.S. Curry.” "Today's Speech" 7.4 (1959): 7-8.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Curry, Samuel Silas”. "The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography," vol 14. New York: James T. White & Co., 1910.

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Curry, Samuel Silas”. "Who Was Who in America," vol. 1. Chicago: A.N. Marquis Co., 1943.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Curry College History

description: American academic

wikidata_label: Samuel Silas Curry

wikipedia_title: Samuel Silas Curry


text:
Amazulu
Shakespears Sister
Orange Juice
Coming up Roses
Indigo Girls
Sinéad O'Connor
Damien Dempsey
Andrea Corr
Hank Wangford
Edwyn Collins
Aztec Camera
Roddy Frame
Brian Eno

categories: Indigo Girls members,Musicians from London,Female bass guitarists,English bass guitarists,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Clare Kenny

paragraph: Clare Kenny is a British musician who has been bassist for a number of groups from the 1980s to the present day, including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Amazulu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shakespears Sister

paragraph: BULLET::::- Orange Juice

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coming up Roses

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indigo Girls

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sinéad O'Connor

paragraph: BULLET::::- Damien Dempsey

paragraph: BULLET::::- Andrea Corr

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hank Wangford

paragraph: BULLET::::- Edwyn Collins

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aztec Camera

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roddy Frame

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brian Eno

paragraph: She currently lives in London.

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Clare Kenny

wikipedia_title: Clare Kenny


text:
Voisenon
Melun
Voltaire
Molière
duel
Madame du Châtelet
Jeanne Quinault
Charles Simon Favart
opera
Madame du Barry
Madame de Pompadour
Académie française
Maupeou
parlement
Comédie-Française
Charles-Antoine Leclerc de La Bruère
opéra comique
Bernard de Bury
Fontainebleau
François-André Danican Philidor
André Grétry
Marie Emmanuelle Bayon Louis
Concert Spirituel
Concert Spirituel
Wladimir d'Ormesson
Grente, Georges Cardinal

wikipedia_title: René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou

categories: 1775 deaths,18th-century French writers,18th-century male writers,French ballet librettists,French erotica writers,18th-century French dramatists and playwrights,1708 births,Members of the Académie française,Counts of Voisenon

paragraph: Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon

paragraph: Claude-Henri de Fusée, abbé de Voisenon (8 July 1708 – 22 November 1775) was a French playwright and writer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born at the château de Voisenon near Melun, he was only ten when he addressed an epistle in verse to Voltaire, who asked the boy to visit him. They remained friends for fifty years. Voisenon made his début as a dramatist with "L'Heureuse resemblance" in 1728, followed in 1739 by a three-act comedy "L'École du monde" at the Théâtre Français. This was preceded by a verse prologue, "L'Ombre de Molière", and a month later Voisenon produced a criticism of his own piece in "Le Retour de l'ombre de Molière".

paragraph: A duel provoked by Voisenon inspired him with remorse, and he entered a seminary; he was soon promoted to the post of secretary to his relative, the Bishop of Boulogne. He became closely attached to Madame du Châtelet, the mistress of Voltaire, and was intimate with the comte de Caylus and Mademoiselle Jeanne Quinault. He made witty but by no means edifying contributions to the "Étrennes de Saint-Jean", the "Bals de Bois", etc.

paragraph: In 1744 he produced the "Ménages assortis" and in 1746 his masterpiece, the "Coquette fixée". He was a close friend of Charles Simon Favart and his wife. His pen was always at the service of any of his friends, and it was generally supposed that he had a considerable share in Favart's most successful operas. Voisenon had scruples all his life about the incongruity between his way of living and his profession, but he continued to write indecent stories for private circulation, and wrote verses in honor of Madame du Barry, as he had done for Madame de Pompadour.

paragraph: He was elected to the Académie française in 1762. On the disgrace of his patron, the duc de Choiseul, he lost his pensions and honours, but soon recovered his position. He was intimate with the chancellor Maupeou, and was suspected of writing on his behalf in defence of the abolition of the "parlement". This and some other incidents brought him into general disgrace. Early in 1775 he retired to the château de Voisenon, where he died.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His "Œuvres complètes" were published by his executrix, , 5 vol. in-8°. in 1781.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Theatre.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1738: "L'Heureuse Ressemblance", comedy in 1 act and in verse

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1739: "L'École du monde", comedy in 3 acts and in verse, presented at the Comédie-Française 14 October

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1739: "Le Retour de l'ombre de Molière", comedy in 1 act and in verse, presented at the Comédie-Française 21 November

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1744: "Les Mariages assortis", comedy in 3 acts and in verse, premiered by the Italian comedians ordinaires du Roi 10 February (printed in 1746, in-8)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1746: "La Coquette fixée", comedy in 3 acts and in verse, with Charles-Antoine Leclerc de La Bruère and the Duke of Nivernais, premiered by the Comédiens italiens ordinaires du Roi 10 March

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1749: "La Fausse Prévention", comedy in 3 acts and in verse, premiered by the Comédiens italiens ordinaires du Roi 29 December

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1750: "Le Réveil de Thalie", comedy, premiered by the Comédiens italiens ordinaires du Roi 19 June

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1753: "Titon et l'Aurore", pastorale héroïque, music by Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville, premiered at the Académie royale de musique 9 January

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1756: "Les Magots", parody of "L'Orphelin de la Chine" by Voltaire, in 1 act and in vers, premiered by the Comédiens italiens ordinaires du Roi 19 March

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1757: "La Petite Iphigénie, parodie de la Grande", premiered by the Comédiens italiens ordinaires du Roi July

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1758: "L'Amour et Psyché", ballet héroïque, premiered by the Académie Royale de musique 9 May

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1759: "La parodie au Parnasse", one-act opéra comique, premiered at the Théâtre de l'Opéra comique de la foire saint Germain 20 March (also attributed to Charles-Simon Favart)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1762: "La Jeune Grecque", comedy in 3 acts and in free verse (printed in 1762)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1763: "Hilas et Zélie", pastorale in 1 act, music by Bernard de Bury, presented at Versailles Palace 12 January

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1765: "La Fée Urgèle ou Ce qui plaît aux dames", four-act- comedy miongked with ariettes, given at Fontainebleau 26 October

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1770: "L'Amant déguisé, ou le Jardinier supposé", one-act comedy mingled with ariettes, music by François-André Danican Philidor, premiered by the Comédiens italiens ordinaires du Roi 2 September

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1770: " L'Amitié à l'épreuve", comedy in 2 acts and in verse mingled with ariettes, music by André Grétry, presented at Fontainebleau 13 November

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1776: "Fleur d'Épine", opéra comique in 2 acts and in prose, set in music by Marie Emmanuelle Bayon Louis, mingled with ariettes, from Hamilton, premiered by the Comédiens italiens ordinaires du Roi 22 August.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Novels and tales.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1745: "Zulmis et Zelmaïde", conte licencieux

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1745: "Turlubleu, histoire grecque tirée du manuscrit gris-de-lin, trouvé dans les cendres de Troye"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1746: "Le Sultan Misapouf et la princesse Grisemine", novel, London, 2 vol. in-12

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1747: "Les Fêtes roulantes et les Regrets des petites rues"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1751: "Histoire de la Félicité"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1760: "Tant mieux pour elle, conte plaisant"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1767: "Romans et Contes", 2 vol. - reed.: 1775, 1798, 1818

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1885: "Contes légers suivis des Anecdotes littéraires", Paris, E. Dentu, Bibliothèque choisie des chefs-d'œuvre français et étrangers, (complete text on Gallica)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Varia.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1739: "Le Code des Amants", poème héroïque en trois chants

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1758: "Les Israélites à la montagne d'Oreb", poème biblique for the Concert Spirituel, set in music by Mondonville

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1759: "Les Fureurs de Saül", poème biblique for the Concert Spirituel, set in music by Mondonville

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Allem, Maurice, "Anthologie poétique française, XVIIIe", Paris, Garnier Frères, 1919

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anonyme", "La Vie authentique de M. l'abbé de Voisenon, mémoires inédits d'un contemporain", publiés par Ad. Van Bever et Charles Martyne, Paris, 1916

paragraph: BULLET::::- Comoy, Jean, "Un abbé de cour sous Louis XV. Monsieur de Voisenon", Préface de Wladimir d'Ormesson, Paris, la Science historique, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Grente, Georges Cardinal (dir.), "Dictionnaire des lettres françaises. Le XVIIIe", nlle. édition revue et mise à jour sous la direction de , Paris, Fayard, 1995

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krakowski, Patrick, "Un académicien dans son temps", l'abbé de Voisenon (correspondences, chroniques, biographie) Lys Éditions Ammatéis, 2007,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pitou, Spire, "The Paris Opéra", Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 1985

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vapereau, Gustave, « Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon », in "'Dictionnaire universel des littératures", Paris, Hachette, 1876, 2 volumes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Viguerie, Jean de "Histoire et dictionnaire du temps des Lumières. 1715-1789", Paris, Robert Laffont, coll. Bouquins, 2003 -

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fiche biographique de l'Académie française

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ses pièces et leurs représentations sur le site CÉSAR

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

alias:
Claude-Henri de Fusée, abbé de Voisenon
Claude-Henri de Fusee de Voisenon

description: French dramatist and writer

wikidata_label: Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon

wikipedia_title: Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon


text:
homeless
New York City
firefighter
murder
homicide
insurance fraud
alcoholic
speakeasy
antifreeze
turpentine
horse liniment
rat poison
oyster
wood alcohol
whiskey
sardine
taxi
gas
lobar pneumonia
exhumed
Sing Sing
Ossining, New York
BBC
QI
List of unusual deaths

categories: Irish expatriates in the United States,Homeless people,Burials at Ferncliff Cemetery,American firefighters,Deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning,People from County Donegal,1933 deaths,Irish people murdered abroad,1873 births,Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)

paragraph: Michael Malloy

paragraph: Michael Malloy (1873 – February 22, 1933), later known as either Mike the Durable or Iron Mike, was a homeless Irish man who lived in New York City during the 1920s and 1930s. A former firefighter, he is most famous for surviving a number of murder attempts on his life by five acquaintances, who were attempting to commit homicide and life insurance fraud.

paragraph: Section::::Failed murder attempts.

paragraph: Beginning in January 1933, while Malloy was unemployed, alcoholic and homeless, five of his acquaintances Tony Marino, Joseph "Red" Murphy, Francis Pasqua, Hershey Green, and Daniel Kriesberg (later dubbed "the Murder Trust" by the headlines) plotted to kill Malloy by getting him to drink himself to death, in order to collect life insurance. Presumably achieved with the aid of a corrupt insurance agent, they collected insurance policies on Malloy's life under the name Nicholas Malloy and stood to gain over ( US$ by today's standards) if Malloy died an accidental death.

paragraph: Marino owned a speakeasy and gave Malloy unlimited credit, thinking the alcoholic Malloy would abuse it and drink himself to death. Although Malloy drank for a majority of his waking day, it did not kill him. Marino then replaced Malloy's liquor with antifreeze, but Malloy would continue to drink with no problems. Antifreeze was replaced with turpentine, followed by horse liniment, and finally rat poison was mixed in.

paragraph: The group then gave Malloy raw oysters soaked in wood alcohol, the idea apparently coming from Pasqua, who claimed he saw a man die after eating oysters with whiskey. A sandwich of spoiled sardines mixed with poison and carpet tacks was then tried, but Malloy was fine, even asking for another.

paragraph: Concluding that it was unlikely that anything Malloy ingested was going to kill him quickly enough, the group decided to freeze him to death. On an extremely cold night, after Malloy drank until passing out, he was carried to a park, dumped in the snow, and had of water poured on his bare chest. Malloy reappeared the following day for his drink.

paragraph: The group then attempted to kill Malloy by running him down with Green's taxi, moving at . This put Malloy in the hospital for three weeks with broken bones. The group presumed he was dead, but they were unable to collect the policy on him. When he again appeared at the bar, they decided on one last approach.

paragraph: Section::::Malloy's murder.

paragraph: On February 23, 1933, after he had passed out for the night, the murderers took Malloy to Murphy's room, put a hose in his mouth that was connected to the gas jet, and turned it on. This finally killed Malloy, with his death occurring within an hour. He was pronounced dead of lobar pneumonia and quickly buried. Police heard rumors of "Mike the Durable" in speakeasies all over town, and upon learning that a Michael Malloy had died that night, they had the body exhumed and forensically examined.

paragraph: The five men were put on trial and subsequently convicted. Green went to prison, while the other four members were sentenced to death and executed in the electric chair at Sing Sing in Ossining, New York: Kriesberg, Marino, and Pasqua on June 7, 1934, and Murphy on July 5, 1934.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The story of Malloy's murder was featured on an episode of the BBC series "QI" in 2011.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malloy's story was told on Episode 8 of the podcast "Ma Yesh Beze".

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malloy's story was told on Episode 188 "Michael Malloy; The Man Who Wouldn't Die" of the podcast "Do Go On".

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of unusual deaths

alias:
Mike the Durable
Iron Mike

description: homeless Irishman from County Donegal who lived in New York City during the 1920s and 30s

wikidata_label: Michael Malloy

wikipedia_title: Michael Malloy


text: Major League Baseball

text: left fielder

text: first baseman

text: third baseman

text: designated hitter

text: home run

text: struck out

text: batting average

text: on-base percentage

text: Pendleton, Oregon

text: Denver, Colorado

text: Los Angeles, California

text: Mount Prospect, Illinois

text: Prospect High School

text: Niles North High School

text: California Angels

text: 1967 Major League Baseball draft

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: 1968 draft

text: University of Southern California

text: college baseball

text: USC Trojans

text: Rod Dedeaux

text: Harper Junior College

text: Palatine, Illinois

text: pitcher

text: outfielder

text: win–loss record

text: earned run average

text: batted

text: runs batted in

text: the 1970 USC NCAA Championship Season

text: All-American

text: Trojans

text: College World Series

text: Steve Busby

text: Jim Barr

text: Brent Strom

text: San Francisco Giants

text: secondary phase draft

text: Amarillo Giants

text: Phoenix Giants

text: first baseman

text: pinch running

text: Willie McCovey

text: hit for the cycle

text: Houston Astros

text: Cincinnati Reds

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: earned runs

text: errors

text: Steve Ontiveros

text: New York Mets

text: New York City

text: runs

text: 1976 National League All-Star team

text: Darryl Strawberry

text: San Diego Padres

text: Paul Siebert

text: Bobby Valentine

text: Tom Seaver

text: Pat Zachry

text: Doug Flynn

text: Steve Henderson

text: Dan Norman

text: Mike Phillips

text: St. Louis Cardinals

text: Joel Youngblood

text: Randy Stein

text: Boston Red Sox

text: Baltimore Orioles

text: World Series crown

text: cutoff date

text: Paul Olden

text: Tommy Lasorda

text: runs batted in

text: Dave Winfield

text: Mike Schmidt

text: Wrigley Field

text: Shea Stadium

text: slugging percentage

text: John Stearns

text: Daily Herald

text: spring training

text: Chicago Tribune

text: ghostwritten

text: Chicago Park District

text: Mike Royko

text: Chicago Sun-Times

text: Pittsburgh Pirates

text: Navy Pier

text: Kawasaki

text: Jet Ski

text: ChicagoFest

text: Payson

text: Doubleday

text: Nelson Doubleday, Jr.

text: Fred Wilpon

text: Rusty Staub

text: Cy Young Award

text: Steve Carlton

text: Keith Hernandez

text: Neil Allen

text: Rick Ownbey

text: Oakland Athletics

text: Seattle Mariners

text: designated hitter

text: American League

text: Comeback Player of the Year

text: David Ortiz

text: Metrodome

text: Minnesota Twins

text: ground rule double

text: Seattle

text: left field

text: Kingdome

text: The Sacramento Bee

text: Hall of Famer

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Jose Canseco

text: Mark McGwire

text: Tony LaRussa

text: Juan González

text: West Palm Beach Tropics

text: Baseball Hall of Fame

text: Lake Tahoe

text: Official website

text: Dave Kingman Award Winners

categories: USC Trojans baseball players,West Palm Beach Tropics players,National League All-Stars,1948 births,Major League Baseball first basemen,Major League Baseball designated hitters,Chicago Cubs players,New York Yankees players,California Angels players,Baseball players from Oregon,San Diego Padres players,New York Mets players,National League home run champions,Major League Baseball left fielders,San Francisco Giants players,Oakland Athletics players,Living people,People from Pendleton, Oregon

paragraph: Dave Kingman

paragraph: David Arthur Kingman (born December 21, 1948), nicknamed "King Kong" and "Sky King", is a former Major League Baseball left fielder, first baseman, third baseman, and designated hitter who was a 3 time MLB All-Star with 442 career home runs and 1,210 RBI in 16 seasons. In his career, Kingman averaged a home run every 15.11 at bats, tied for 14th best all-time.

paragraph: The 6' 6" Kingman was a power hitter, who twice led the National League in home runs. Known for his long home runs, Kingman hit one measured at over 530 feet. Kingman struck out frequently, and posted a low batting average and on-base percentage. His 1,816 strikeouts was the fourth-highest total in MLB history at the time of his retirement. As a result of the increase in frequency of strikeouts in the intervening period, he currently ranks eighteenth as of January 2019. Kingman finished in the top 25 voting for National League Most Valuable Player four times (1972, 1975, 1976, and 1979) and American League Most Valuable Player once (1984).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Born in Pendleton, Oregon in 1948, Kingman moved with his family to Denver, Colorado in 1951, to Los Angeles, California in 1954 and finally to Mount Prospect, Illinois, as Kingman's father worked for United Airlines and moved the family as needed for his career. Kingman attended Prospect High School, where he was a center and a forward on the basketball team, being named All-Area, a wide receiver and safety on the football team, and a star pitcher on the baseball team. Kingman threw a no-hitter against Niles North High School on April 6, 1967. In his final high school game, he hit four home runs and pitched a two hit shutout.

paragraph: Section::::Harper College (1967)/University of Southern California (1968-1970).

paragraph: He was drafted by the California Angels out of high school in the second round of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft, and by the Baltimore Orioles in the first round of the 1968 draft, but chose, instead, to attend the University of Southern California (USC) to play college baseball for the USC Trojans under coach Rod Dedeaux, after a year at Harper Junior College in Palatine, Illinois. Kingman began as a pitcher before being converted to an outfielder.

paragraph: In 1969, Kingman had a 11–4 win–loss record with a 1.38 earned run average (ERA) and batted .250 with four home runs and 16 runs batted in (RBIs) as a part-time hitter for USC. In the 1970 USC NCAA Championship Season, Kingman hit .355 with nine home runs and 25 RBIs, exclusively as a hitter, despite missing time mid-season due to injury.

paragraph: In , Kingman was named an All-American and led the Trojans to the College World Series championship, along with teammates, pitchers Steve Busby, Jim Barr and Brent Strom. Kingman was then selected by the San Francisco Giants with the first pick of the secondary phase draft.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Minor Leagues (1970-1971).

paragraph: After signing with the Giants, Kingman played for the Class AA Amarillo Giants in 1970 after the College

paragraph: World Series victory. He hit .295 with 15 home runs and 45 RBIs in 60 games. Moving to the Class AAA Phoenix Giants in 1971, he hit .278 with 26 home runs and 99 RBIs in 105 games before being called up by the San Francisco Giants.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Francisco Giants (1971-1974).

paragraph: Kingman came up as an outfielder and first baseman with the San Francisco Giants. He made his major league debut on July 30, , pinch running for Willie McCovey, and finishing the game at first base. He hit a home run in his next game, a grand slam, and hit two more a day later. He finished his rookie season with a .278 average with 6 home runs and 24 RBI in 41 games.

paragraph: On April 16, , the second day of the season, Kingman hit for the cycle in the Giants' 10–6 victory over the Houston Astros. A day earlier, he made his debut at third base, a position he would play off and on for the remainder of his Giants career. Kingman also made his major league debut on the mound with the Giants, pitching two innings of "mop up duty" in an 11–0 loss to the Cincinnati Reds on April 15, . He pitched again in the mop up role on May 13 in a 15–3 loss to the Los Angeles Dodgers. In both games, he pitched the final two innings and gave up two earned runs.

paragraph: In , he committed twelve errors in 59 chances at third, and lost his starting job to Steve Ontiveros. Following the season, the Giants sold their rights to him to the New York Mets.

paragraph: In four seasons and 409 games with the Giants, Kingman hit .224 with 77 home runs and 217 RBI.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Mets (1975-1977).

paragraph: On February 28, 1975, Kingman was purchased by the New York Mets from the San Francisco Giants for $150,000.

paragraph: Kingman played twelve games at third with the Mets; however, the Mets eventually abandoned the idea of Kingman as a third baseman and kept him primarily in the outfield. He emerged as a slugger upon his arrival in New York City, setting a club record with 36 home runs in . He also scored 65 runs, the highest percentage of runs scored on homers for anyone that hit more than 30 in a season. A year later, in 1976, he broke his own record with 37 homers, and was elected to start in right field for the 1976 National League All-Star team. His single season home run record for the Mets stood until 1987 when it was broken by Darryl Strawberry.

paragraph: On June 4, , Kingman hit three home runs against the Los Angeles Dodgers in the Mets' 11–0 victory (the first of five times Kingman accomplished this feat in his major league career and the second in Mets franchise history).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Mets/San Diego Padres/California Angels/ New York Yankees - 1977 season.

paragraph: Kingman was batting .209 with nine home runs when he became one of the three players traded in the infamous "Midnight Massacre" by the New York Mets. On June 15, , the Mets traded Kingman to the San Diego Padres for minor league pitcher Paul Siebert and Bobby Valentine; Tom Seaver was traded to the Cincinnati Reds for Pat Zachry, Doug Flynn, Steve Henderson and Dan Norman; and Mike Phillips was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals for Joel Youngblood.

paragraph: Kingman was waived by the Padres on September 6, 1977 and immediately claimed by the California Angels.

paragraph: On September 15, Kingman became one of only a handful of players to play for four major league teams in the same season (and the only one to play in each division in baseball in a single year since the establishment of divisional play in 1969) when he was traded by the Angels to the New York Yankees, for Randy Stein and cash. Although Kingman's four home runs and seven RBI in eight games helped propel the Yankees into the post-season over the second place Boston Red Sox and Baltimore Orioles, he could not participate in the team's push to a World Series crown as he was added to the roster after the August 31 cutoff date for postseason eligibility.

paragraph: Overall, Kingman hit .221 with 26 home runs and 78 RBI in 132 games for the four teams in 1977.

paragraph: On November 30, 1977, Kingman signed as a Free Agent with the Chicago Cubs. He signed a 5-year contract for $240,000 per year.

paragraph: In 1978, Kingman hit .266 with 28 home runs and 78 RBI in 119 games with the Cubs.

paragraph: Kingman had an excellent performance in Los Angeles on May 14, , when he again hit three home runs against the Dodgers, including a three run shot in the top of the 15th inning that gave the Cubs a 10–7 victory. Eight of the Cubs' ten runs were driven in by Kingman. Following the game, radio reporter Paul Olden asked Dodgers' manager Tommy Lasorda his opinion of Kingman's performance that day, inspiring an oft-replayed (and censored) obscenity-laced tirade.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Chicago Cubs (1978-1980).:1979 season/550 foot home run.

paragraph: The best season of Kingman's career came with the Cubs in . Kingman batted .288 with a National League-leading 48 homers, as well as 115 runs batted in (second to San Diego's Dave Winfield's 118) and 97 runs scored. He hit three home runs in a game twice that season, both coming in Cubs losses. The first was a slugging duel with Mike Schmidt on May 17 at Wrigley Field; Kingman hit three home runs and drove in 6 while Schmidt hit two in the game, with Schmidt delivering his second in the top of the tenth inning to give the Phillies a 23–22 victory. Kingman's third home run during this game is likely the longest home run of his career, and believed to be the longest in the history of Wrigley Field. There is a street called Kenmore Avenue that T's into Waveland Avenue behind left-center field. Kenmore is lined with houses, and the ball Kingman launched landed on the third porch roof on the east side of Kenmore, a shot estimated at 550 feet.

paragraph: The second three homer game for Kingman that year came against his former team on July 28 at Shea Stadium in a 6–4 loss to the Mets.

paragraph: His .613 slugging percentage in 1978 was almost 50 points higher than that of his next closest National League competition, Mike Schmidt. Kingman finished eleventh in NL MVP balloting that year and led the league in strikeouts for the first time in his career (131).

paragraph: In , Kingman (whose personality former Mets teammate John Stearns had once compared to a tree trunk) dumped a bucket of ice water on "Daily Herald" reporter Don Friske's head late in spring training. Kingman regularly insisted he was misquoted, and he began appearing regularly in the "Chicago Tribune", as the nominal author of a column ghostwritten by Chicago Park District employee Gerald Pfeiffer. Mike Royko, then writing for the rival "Chicago Sun-Times", parodied Kingman's column with a series using the byline "Dave Dingdong."

paragraph: The Cubs held a Dave Kingman T-shirt Day promotion in conjunction with its game with the Pittsburgh Pirates on August 7, but Kingman instead spent the afternoon at Navy Pier promoting Kawasaki Jet Skis at ChicagoFest.

paragraph: Injured, Kingman played in 81 games in 1980, hitting .278 with 18 home runs and 57 RBI.

paragraph: Overall, in his three seasons with the Cubs, Kingman hit .278 with 94 home runs and 251 RBI and a .907 OPS in 345 games.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Mets II (1981-1983).

paragraph: In January 1980, the Payson heirs sold the Mets franchise to the Doubleday publishing company for $21.1 million. Nelson Doubleday, Jr. was named chairman of the board while minority shareholder Fred Wilpon took the role of club president. On February 28, , the Mets reacquired Kingman from the Cubs for Steve Henderson and cash. In separate deals, the new organization also reacquired Rusty Staub, and two seasons later, Tom Seaver.

paragraph: Kingman primarily played first base upon his return to the Mets in 1981, and exclusively there his second season back in New York. In , he tied his own Mets' single-season home run record while hitting .204, the lowest batting average for a first baseman with enough plate appearances to qualify for the batting title. Leading the league in home runs that year, it is also the lowest batting average for any season's home run leader. Additionally, he accomplished the dubious feat of leading the league in home runs while having a lower batting average than the Cy Young Award winner, (Steve Carlton, .218).

paragraph: Kingman led the NL in strike outs both of his first two seasons in New York (105 in 1981 & 156 in 1982). On June 15, , the sixth anniversary of the Midnight Massacre, the Mets acquired first baseman Keith Hernandez from the St. Louis Cardinals for pitchers Neil Allen and Rick Ownbey. Kingman remained with the team for the remainder of the season in a limited role. He was released at the end of the season, and signed as a free agent with the Oakland Athletics.

paragraph: In six total seasons with the Mets, Kingman hit .219 with 154 home runs and 389 RBI in 664 games.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Oakland Athletics (1984-1986).

paragraph: On April 16, 1984, Kingman collected his fifth and final 3-homer game, in a 9–6 win over the Seattle Mariners. Kingman made just nine appearances at first base in , and was the A's regular designated hitter the remainder of the time. For the 1984 season, Kingman hit .268 with 35 home runs and 118 RBI. He was named the American League's Comeback Player of the Year, and finished 13th in MVP balloting.

paragraph: After hitting 30 home runs in 1985, Kingman's 35 homers in 1986 were a record for a player in his final season, until surpassed by David Ortiz in 2016.

paragraph: In three seasons as a DH in Oakland, he collected at least 30 home runs and 90 RBIs in each season. He also had two at-bats in this period which did not result in home runs, but nonetheless were noteworthy: in the Metrodome against the Minnesota Twins, on May 4, 1984, he hit a pop-up that flew into a hole in the roof and got stuck for a ground rule double. In a game in Seattle on April 11, , he hit a hard drive to left field which struck a speaker hanging from the roof of the Kingdome, bounced back and was caught for an out.

paragraph: During his final year in Oakland in 1986, Kingman sent a live rat in a pink box to Sue Fornoff, a sportswriter for "The Sacramento Bee". The rat had a tag attached to it that read, "My name is Sue." Fornoff claimed that Kingman had told her that women do not belong in the clubhouse, and that he harassed her several times since she began covering the team the year before. Kingman himself said it was intended as a harmless practical joke. The A's fined Kingman $3,500 and warned that he would be released if a similar incident occurred again.

paragraph: When Kingman's contract expired the 1986 season, Oakland did not renew his contract and he became a free agent. Oakland signed former A and Hall of Famer Reggie Jackson to play his final season as the team's designated hitter for the 1987 season, playing alongside Jose Canseco and rookie Mark McGwire.

paragraph: In three seasons with Oakland, under manager Tony LaRussa, Kingman hit .230 with 100 home runs and 303 RBI.

paragraph: Overall, in his career, Kingman hit .236 with 442 home runs and 1210 RBI. He had an .302 OB%, a 780 OPS with 608 walks and 1816 strikeouts in 1941 career games. Kingman averaged a home run every 15.11 at bats, tied with Juan González for 14th best all-time.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.

paragraph: On July 11, 1987, Kingman signed a minor league deal with the San Francisco Giants during the season. After twenty games at AAA Phoenix in which he batted .203 with two home runs and 11 RBI, he retired from baseball.

paragraph: In 1989, Kingman played for the West Palm Beach Tropics of the Senior Professional Baseball Association, alongside other former major league players. He hit .271 with 8 HR and 40 RBI, as the Tropics had the best record in the Senior League. The league folded in 1990.

paragraph: In , his first year of eligibility for the Baseball Hall of Fame, he appeared on just three ballots, excluding him from future Baseball Writers' Association of America voting. He was the first player to hit 400 or more home runs without being eventually inducted into the Hall of Fame.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement.:Personal.

paragraph: Kingman lives in the Lake Tahoe area. He has three children and operates a local tennis club.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dave Kingman Award Winners

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Dave Kingman

wikipedia_title: Dave Kingman


text: courtesy name

text: Eastern Han dynasty

text: Ma Teng

text: Liang Province

text: Ma Chao

text: Cao Cao

text: Battle of Tong Pass

text: Hanzhong Commandery

text: Zhang Lu

text: Liu Bei

text: Battle of Yangping

text: Battle of Fancheng

text: Cao Ren

text: Guan Yu

text: Liang Province

text: Longxi County, Gansu

text: Emperor Xian

text: Liang Province Rebellion

text: Ma Teng

text: Qiang

text: Di

text: Cao Cao

text: Yuan Tan

text: Yuan Shang

text: Battle of Liyang

text: Guo Yuan

text: Gao Gan

text: Hedong Commandery

text: Zhong Yao

text: Ma Chao

text: Linfen

text: Shanxi

text: Luoning County

text: Xuchang

text: Ma Chao

text: Liang Province

text: Cao Cao

text: Battle of Tong Pass

text: Qiang

text: Zhang Lu

text: Hanzhong Commandery

text: Liu Bei

text: seizing control

text: Yi Province

text: Sichuan

text: Chongqing

text: Liu Zhang

text: Battle of Yangping

text: Wancheng District

text: Nanyang

text: Henan

text: Cao Ren

text: Fancheng District

text: Xiangyang

text: Hubei

text: Jing Province

text: Guan Yu

text: Ma Chao

text: Liu Bei

text: Guan Yu

text: Cao Ren

text: li

text: Han River

text: zhang

text: close quarters combat

text: Cao Cao

text: Cao Pi

text: Emperor Xian

text: Cao Wei

text: posthumous title

text: Shu Han

text: Liu Bei

text: conquered

text: Zhong Hui

text: Ye

text: Handan

text: Hebei

text: Pei Songzhi

text: Cao Wei

text: conquest

text: Shu Han

text: Guan Yu

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Three Kingdoms

text: Ma Teng

text: Liang Province

text: Xuchang

text: Battle of Fancheng

text: Cao Ren

text: Guan Yu

text: Cao Cao

text: Ma Chao

text: Five Tiger Generals

text: Liu Bei

text: kowtow

text: Battle of Fancheng

text: Guan Ping

text: Yu Jin

text: Zhou Cang

text: Koei

text: Dynasty Warriors

text: Warriors Orochi

text: Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

text: Chen, Shou

text: Records of the Three Kingdoms

text: Luo, Guanzhong

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Pei, Songzhi

text: Sima, Guang

text: Zizhi Tongjian

categories: Executed Han dynasty people,People from Tianshui,Year of birth unknown,Ma Teng and associates,219 deaths,Executed people from Gansu,3rd-century executions,Generals under Cao Cao,Zhang Lu and associates,People executed by the Han dynasty

paragraph: Pang De

paragraph: Pang De () (died 219), courtesy name Lingming, was a military general who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He started his career under the warlord Ma Teng, who was based in Liang Province. In 211, Ma Teng's son Ma Chao, along with a coalition of warlords from Liang Province, started a rebellion against the Han central government, which was controlled by the warlord Cao Cao. After Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao and the coalition at the Battle of Tong Pass, Ma Chao fled to Hanzhong Commandery and took shelter under the warlord Zhang Lu. Pang De accompanied him to Hanzhong. When Ma Chao defected from Zhang Lu's side to another warlord Liu Bei, Pang De remained in Hanzhong and eventually came to serve Cao Cao after Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu at the Battle of Yangping and took over Hanzhong. In 219, Pang De fought at the Battle of Fancheng under Cao Ren's command against Liu Bei's forces led by Guan Yu. Pang De was captured in battle and eventually executed by Guan Yu when he refused to surrender.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and service under Ma Teng.

paragraph: Pang De was from Huandao County (狟道縣), Nan'an Commandery (南安郡), Liang Province, which is located east of present-day Longxi County, Gansu. In his youth, he served as an Assistant Officer (從事) in the local commandery office. During the Chuping era (190–193) in the reign of Emperor Xian, the Liang Province Rebellion broke out. Pang De joined the warlord Ma Teng in suppressing the revolts by the Qiang and Di tribes, and was promoted to Colonel (校尉) for his contributions in battle.

paragraph: In 202, the warlord Cao Cao, who controlled the Han central government, led his forces to attack rival warlords Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang at the Battle of Liyang. When Yuan Tan ordered his subordinates Guo Yuan and Gao Gan to lead a separate force to attack Hedong Commandery, Cao Cao ordered Zhong Yao to recruit forces from Liang Province to deal with Guo Yuan and Gao Gan. Ma Teng responded to Zhong Yao's call and sent his son Ma Chao and Pang De to assist Zhong Yao in attacking Guo Yuan and Gao Gan at Pingyang County (平陽縣; west of present-day Linfen, Shanxi). Pang De led the vanguard, slew Guo Yuan in the midst of battle and took his head, without knowing that the man he killed was Guo Yuan. After the battle, when Zhong Yao's men searched the battlefield, they found Guo Yuan's headless body. Shortly after, Pang De went to meet Zhong Yao and he threw Guo Yuan's head in front of him. Zhong Yao cried when he recognised Guo Yuan's head because Guo was actually his maternal nephew. Pang De immediately apologised to Zhong Yao, who replied, "Even though Guo Yuan was my nephew, he was an enemy of the state. Why do you apologise?" For his contributions, Pang De was appointed as a General of the Household (中郎將) and made a Marquis of a Chief Village (都亭侯).

paragraph: Pang De later followed Ma Teng to suppress a rebellion by Zhang Baiqi (張白騎) at Yao County (殽縣; present-day Luoning County, Henan). He was famous for his bravery in Ma Teng's army because he always charged into the enemy formation during battles. When Ma Teng was recalled to the imperial capital, Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan), to serve as Minister of the Guards (衛尉), Pang De remained behind in Liang Province with Ma Chao.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Ma Chao and Zhang Lu.

paragraph: Around 211, Ma Chao started a rebellion against the Han central government and led a coalition of warlords from Liang Province to attack Cao Cao, leading to the Battle of Tong Pass. Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao and his allies at the battle and caused the coalition to break up. Despite his defeat, Ma Chao, with assistance from the Qiang tribes and the warlord Zhang Lu in Hanzhong Commandery, continued to ravage the lands in Liang Province and even seized control of the provincial governorship at one point. However, he was eventually driven out of Liang Province and forced to take shelter under Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. Pang De accompanied Ma Chao to Hanzhong and became one of Zhang Lu's subordinates.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Cao Cao.

paragraph: In 215, Ma Chao defected to the warlord Liu Bei and aided him in seizing control of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) from its provincial governor, Liu Zhang. Pang De remained in Hanzhong with Zhang Lu. Later that year, Cao Cao led his forces to attack Hanzhong and defeated Zhang Lu at the Battle of Yangping. Pang De joined Zhang Lu in surrendering to Cao Cao. As Cao Cao had heard of Pang De's valour, he immediately recruited Pang De as his subordinate and appointed him as General Who Establishes Righteousness (立義將軍). Pang De was also enfeoffed as the Marquis of Guanmen Village (關門亭侯) and given 300 taxable households to form his marquisate.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Fancheng.

paragraph: When Hou Yin (侯音) and Wei Kai (衛開) started a rebellion in Wan (宛; present-day Wancheng District, Nanyang, Henan), Cao Cao sent Pang De and Cao Ren to quell the uprising. After accomplishing their mission, they garrisoned at Fan (樊; also called Fancheng, in present-day Fancheng District, Xiangyang, Hubei) to defend Cao Cao's territories in northern Jing Province from advances by Liu Bei's general Guan Yu, who guarded Liu Bei's territories in southern Jing Province. As Ma Chao (Pang De's previous lord) and Pang Rou (龐柔; Pang De's cousin) both served under Liu Bei, many of Cao Cao's other subordinates were suspicious of Pang De's allegiance towards their lord.

paragraph: Pang De often said, "I've received grace from the State and I'm willing to serve the State with my life in the name of righteousness. I'll personally slay Guan Yu. If I don't kill Guan Yu within this year, he'll kill me." Pang De later engaged Guan Yu in battle and fired an arrow which hit Guan's forehead. At the time, Pang De usually rode on a white steed, so Guan Yu's men called him "White Horse General" and feared him.

paragraph: Cao Ren ordered Pang De to set up a separate camp ten "li" north of Fan. At the time, there were heavy rains for more than ten days and the Han River next to Fan burst its banks, with the water level reaching up to five-six "zhang". Pang De and his subordinates retreated to the top of a dam. Guan Yu then led his marines to attack Fan and fired arrows from their warships at the dam. Pang De donned his armour, armed himself with a bow and arrows, and returned fire at the enemy, with not a single arrow missing its target. When Dong Heng (董衡) and Dong Chao (董超), two of Pang De's colleagues, wanted to surrender to Guan Yu, Pang De executed them on the spot. The battle dragged on from morning until afternoon, with Guan Yu's attacks increasing in intensity as time passed. By afternoon, Pang De and his men had expended all their arrows but they continued to engage the enemy in close quarters combat with short weapons. Pang De told his subordinate Cheng He (成何), "I heard a good general doesn't fear death, nor does he hope to be spared. A martyr won't violate his principles for the sake of preserving his life. Today is the day I die." The battle raged on as the water level rose higher. By then, many of Pang De's men had surrendered, leaving Pang with only three men. They boarded a small boat and attempted to escape and return to Cao Ren's main camp.

paragraph: However, the boat capsized and Pang De fell into the water. While grabbing on to the boat to stay afloat, he was surrounded and captured by Guan Yu's soldiers. When brought before Guan Yu, he refused to kneel down and surrender. Guan Yu told Pang De, "Your cousin is serving in Hanzhong, and I want to recruit you as a subordinate. Why don't you surrender now?" Pang De retorted angrily, "Mean fellow, what is surrender? The King of Wei has thousands of troops and his might trembles the Empire. Liu Bei is an inferior man. How can he hope to resist (the King of Wei)? I'd rather be a ghost of the State than be a servant of my enemy." Guan Yu had Pang De executed.

paragraph: Section::::After Pang De's death.

paragraph: Cao Cao was deeply grieved when he learnt of Pang De's death and he shed tears. In 220, after Cao Pi – Cao Cao's son and successor – forced Emperor Xian to abdicate the throne to him and established the state of Cao Wei, he granted Pang De the posthumous title "Marquis Zhuang", which literally means "robust marquis". He ordered an emissary to read out the imperial edict at Pang De's tomb.

paragraph: According to the "Shu Ji" (蜀記; "Records of Shu") by Wang Yin (王隱), when the state of Shu Han (founded by Liu Bei) was conquered by the state of Cao Wei in 263, the Wei general Zhong Hui had Pang De's body transported from Shu to Ye (鄴; in present-day Handan, Hebei) in Wei territory. Pang De seemed much alive inside the tomb. However, Pei Songzhi, who annotated Pang De's biography in the "Sanguozhi", dismissed this account as nonsense. He wrote: "Pang De died in Fancheng. After Cao Pi ascended the throne, he sent an emissary to read out an imperial edict at Pang De's tomb, so Pang's body should not be in Shu. What Wang Yin wrote was nonsense."

paragraph: Section::::Descendants.

paragraph: After Pang De's death, two of his sons were granted marquis titles in recognition of their father's contributions. When Cao Pi ascended the throne, he granted the title of a Secondary Marquis (關內侯) to each of Pang De's four sons and gave them each 100 taxable households as their marquisates. The names of Pang De's sons were not recorded in history, except for one – Pang Hui (龐會).

paragraph: Pang Hui resembled his father in personality and served as a general in the Cao Wei state. The highest position he reached was Commandant-General of the Capital (中尉將軍). He was also enfeoffed as a marquis. The "Shu Ji" (蜀記) recorded that he participated in the conquest of Wei's rival state, Shu Han, in 263. After the fall of Shu, he massacred Guan Yu's family and descendants to avenge his father.

paragraph: Pang De appears as a character in the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which romanticises the historical events before and during the Three Kingdoms period.

paragraph: Section::::In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".:Serving under Ma Chao.

paragraph: Pang De made his first appearance in chapter 58 as a trusted general under Ma Teng. At that time, Ma Teng had left Liang Province and travelled to the imperial capital Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan) while Ma Chao remained in the province. One night, Ma Chao had a dream about being attacked by a pack of tigers in a snowy land so he consulted his subordinates about it. Pang De told him that it was not a good omen. Later, Ma Chao received news that his father Ma Teng was lured into a trap in Xu and had been killed by Cao Cao's men. This led to the Battle of Tong Pass, but in the novel, the order of events related to the battle had been reversed and some fictional stories were included.

paragraph: Section::::In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".:Battle of Fancheng.

paragraph: Pang De's role in the Battle of Fancheng (mentioned in chapter 70) was largely exaggerated for dramatic effect. Prior to the battle, Pang De volunteered to lead the vanguard of a reinforcement army to relieve Cao Ren's forces, who were besieged in Fan by Guan Yu's army. Cao Cao was delighted and he granted Pang De the post. However, when others advised Cao Cao against granting Pang De command of the vanguard due to Pang's past associations with Ma Chao (who had become one of the Five Tiger Generals under Liu Bei), Pang knelt down in front of Cao and kowtowed until his face was covered in blood. Cao Cao was moved by Pang De's sincerity and he no longer doubted Pang's allegiance towards him, so he appointed Pang as the vanguard. Pang De later ordered a wooden coffin to be built and he told his men to place Guan Yu's body inside if he succeeded in killing Guan, or place his body inside if he died in battle.

paragraph: Before Pang De left to fight at the Battle of Fancheng, he told his wife to take care of their son, Pang Hui, and said that if he died, his son would avenge him in the future.

paragraph: Pang De later engaged Guan Ping in a duel and neither of them managed to defeat his opponent after fighting for 30 rounds. The following day, he fought with Guan Yu but neither of them won after duelling for more than 100 rounds. Pang De later duelled with Guan Yu again and he feigned defeat and retreated after about 50 rounds. When Guan Yu pursued him, he suddenly turned around and fired an arrow, which hit Guan in the left arm. Pang De wanted to use the opportunity to attack but Yu Jin (who was his superior) stopped him.

paragraph: The descriptions of Pang De's final moments at the Battle of Fancheng were generally similar to those mentioned in his historical biography. He attempted to flee towards Cao Ren's main camp on a small boat, but his boat was knocked over by a large raft steered by Guan Yu's subordinate Zhou Cang. Pang De's boat capsized and he fell into the water and was captured by Zhou Cang, who was a good swimmer. Before his death, Pang De refused to kneel before Guan Yu and he firmly rejected surrender, and was thus executed on Guan's order. Guan Yu later pitied Pang De and had the latter properly buried.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Pang De is featured as a playable character in Koei's "Dynasty Warriors" and "Warriors Orochi" video game series.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguo Yanyi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). "Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi zhu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sima, Guang (1084). "Zizhi Tongjian".

description: Han dynasty general

wikidata_label: Pang De

wikipedia_title: Pang De


text:
Artur Hajzer
Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska
Tatra Mountains
metallurgy
Himalayas
Hindu Kush
Karakorum
Katowice
Jerzy Kukuczka
Krzysztof Wielicki
Ryszard Pawłowski
Artur Hajzer
American Journal
Alpine Journal
Mont Blanc
Nanga Parbat
Yosemite
El Capitan
Broad Peak
Lhotse
Shishapangma
Mount Everest
Elbrus

categories: Polish mountain climbers,1946 births,Living people

paragraph: Janusz Majer

paragraph: Janusz Majer (born September 25, 1946) a Polish alpinist, himalaist and traveler. He is co-founder and co-owner (together with Artur Hajzer) ADD Company the owner Alpinus brand (1993–2001), co-founder of Mount Company – the owner HiMountain brand which produces outdoor clothing and equipment and co-owner of large chain of HiMountain Chain Shops in Poland. From 23 November 2013 the head of the program "Polish Himalayas", part of which is the program "Polish Winter Himalaism them. Artur Hajzer".

paragraph: Section::::Personal background.

paragraph: When Majer was 17, he finished a rock climbing course in the Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska and started climbing in the Tatra Mountains. In 1971, he graduated from the department of metallurgy on Cracovian AGH. He is married to Zofia, an AGH graduate. They have one son.

paragraph: Section::::Professional background.

paragraph: Since 1976, Majer has continuously climbed abroad, inter alia in the Himalayas, Hindu Kush and Karakorum. Apart from climbing, he has also been engaged in the organization and logistics of expeditions. Between 1980 and 1992, a president of the Mountaineering Club in Katowice, which gathered the prominent alpinists and himalaists of that times: Jerzy Kukuczka, Krzysztof Wielicki, Ryszard Pawłowski, Artur Hajzer. He frequently organized the Mountain Film Festival in Katowice (1988, 1990, 1992). Member of many Mountain Film Festival Juries in Poland and in Europe (Teplice nad Metui Festival – Czech Rep., Poprad Film Festival – Slovakia, Bansko Film Festival – Bulgaria, Explorer Film Festival Łódź –Poland). An author of various articles in climbing press concerning mountain expeditions: Taternik, American Journal, Alpine Journal. A vice-chairman of the Polish Alpine Association between 1987–1993; an honorary member of the Mountaineering Club in Katowice.

paragraph: Section::::Professional background.:Alpine expeditions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975 – Mont Blanc 4810 m, Alps, France – the conquest of the summit,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 – Noshaq 7492 m, Hindu Kush, Afghanistan – the conquest of the summit,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1977 – Nanga Parbat 8125 m, Himalayas, Pakistan – the deputy leader of Silesian expedition,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979 – Dunagiri 7066 m, Himalayas, India – the expedition’s participant,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 – Peruvian Andes and Yosemite, USA – the leader of the double expedition; in it, the first Polish ascent of The Nose, El Capitan, Yosemite Park – (Tadeusz Karolczak, Janusz Majer, Ryszard Pawłowski),

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 – Langtang Lirung 7227 m, Himalayas, Nepal – the leader of the expedition (the summit was reached by Ryszard Pawłowski and Henryk Szczęsny),

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 – Ganesh II 7118 m, Himalayas, Nepal – the leader of the expedition,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 – Broad Peak 8051 m, Karakorum, Pakistan – the leader of the expedition; the summit was reached by Walenty Fiut, Janusz Majer, Ryszard Pawłowski and Krzysztof Wielicki,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1985 – Lhotse 8516 m, Himalayas, Nepal – the leader of the expedition to the south face,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 – K2 8611 m, Karakorum, Pakistan – the leader of the expedition (the height of 8520 meters was reached) – the first ascent through the south buttress called “Magic Line” (the summit was reached by Peter Bozik, Przemysław Piasecki, Wojciech Wróż),

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 – winter climbing in Scotland (Ben Navis and Lochnagar area),

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1987 – Shishapangma, 8013 m, Himalayas, Tibet – a participant in the expedition, Majer participated in week long talks with the Chinese Mountaineering Association to gain permission for the climb to go ahead. The Association noted that this was the first time an expedition from a communist country had been given permission to attempt a climb. Arriving at Base Camp, Majer suffered from severe altitude sickness.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988 – East Annapurna 8010 m, Himalayas – a participant of the expedition that opened a new route, on the right side of south face – the height reached by J. M 8000,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1989 – Mount Everest 8848 m, Himalayas, the west ridge – a participant of the expedition,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1994 – McKinley, Alaska, USA – the attempt of the ascent,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – Vinson Massif 4892 m, Antarctica – the ascent of the summit; the attempt of the ascent of Acongaqua, Andes, Argentine,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 – Gasherbrum II – a participant, the height of 7400 meters was reached (camp IV),

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 – Elbrus 5642, Russia – the summit was reached,

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 – Mayer Kangri, Tibet – the exploration expedition in Mayer Kangri and Jomori Mountains area (Chang Tang),

paragraph: Section::::Professional background.:Journeys and trekkings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1976 – truck travel from Nanga Parbat expedition with wife and 9-year-old son from Pakistan, through Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, Austria, former Czechoslovakia do Poland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 – a family trip with wife and 14-year-old son to India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Nepal. Trekking to the base camp at the foot of Annapurna, Himalayas, Nepal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 – the traverse of Biafo and Hispar glaciers, Karakorum, Pakistan

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998 – Mount Everest – trekking in Khumbu and Gokyo area, Himalayas, Nepal

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 – Spitsbergen, Atomic Mountains, a skitour-trekking expedition from Longyearbearen to Newton Toppen – the highest peak of Spitsbergen

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 – Mount Sinai (Mount Moses), Egypt, trekking on the top

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 – trekking in Khumbu Himal area, Himalayas, Nepal

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katowicka wyprawa na Ganesh Himal, Taternik 2/1984, Warszawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Katowicka wyprawa w Karakorum 1984, Taternik 2/1984, Warszawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- W górach Ameryki, 1980, Taternik 1/1985, Warszawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Południowa ściana Lhotse, Taternik 2/1986, Warszawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Polska wyprawa na K2 1986, Taternik 2/1986, Warszawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ben Nevis i Kazalnica, Taternik 1/1987, Warszawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shishapangma Taternik 1/1987, Warszawa – the article written with together with Jerzy Kukuczka)

paragraph: BULLET::::- K2's Magic Line, The American Alpine Journal (NY: The American Alpine Journal Club, 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nowa droga na Annapurnę, 1988, Taternik 2/1988, Warszawa

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annapurna South Face – Ascent and Tragedy, American Alpine Journal, 1989, p. 217-219

paragraph: BULLET::::- Xixabangma 1987 The Alpine Journal 1990/91 (The Alpine Club: London) – the article written with together with Jerzy Kukuczka)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reconnaissance of the Mayer Kangri and Jomo Ri Mountains, elaborated by Janusz Majer and Jerzy Wala (Katowice, 2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Reconnaissance in Mayer Kangri and Jomo Ri Mountains, Chang Tang plateau in Tibet, Majer J. and Chwola G. (Japanese Alpine News, Vol II July 2010)

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kowalewski Z. and A. Paczkowski, Karakorum, Polskie Wyprawy Alpinistyczne in Sport i Turystyka (Warszawa 1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Curran J., K2,Triumph and Tragedy (Hodder&Stoughton, London 1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kowalewski Z. and A. Paczkowski, Himalaje, Polskie Wyprawy Alpinistyczne in Sport i Turystyka (Warszawa 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Curran J., K2,Triumph and Tragedy (Almapress, Czeladz 1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kurczab J., Leksykon polskiego himalaizmu (Agora, Warszawa 2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kukuczka J., Mój pionowy świat in Sport i Turystyka (Warszawa 1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hajzer A., Atak rozpaczy (Explo, Gliwice 1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pawłowski R., Smak gór (Katowice 2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wasikowski P., Dwa razy Everest (Krakow1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kobierowska D., Dosięgnąć Everest (Gdansk 1996, Pelpin2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dąsal M. F., Każdemu jego Everest (Kraków 1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Czerwińska A., Korona ziemi (Warszawa 2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayer Kangri – Góra niezdobyta (pol. • ang.), opis wyprawy na stronie himountain.pl (dostęp 8.02.2010)

description: Polish mountain climber

wikidata_label: Janusz Majer

wikipedia_title: Janusz Majer


text: Leeuwarden

text: chess

text: theoretician

text: World War II

text: Salo Landau

text: George Salto Fontein

text: Nicolaas Cortlever

text: Lodewijk Prins

text: Max Euwe

text: Dutch Chess Championship

text: Hoogovens tournament

text: Alberic O'Kelly de Galway

text: George Alan Thomas

text: Herman Pilnik

text: Svetozar Gligorić

text: Wolfgang Unzicker

text: Chess Olympiads

text: International Master

categories: Chess Olympiad competitors,Correspondence chess grandmasters,2004 deaths,1917 births,Chess International Masters,People from Leeuwarden,Dutch chess players

paragraph: Haije Kramer

paragraph: Haije Kramer (24 November 1917, Leeuwarden – 11 July 2004) was a Dutch chess master and theoretician.

paragraph: He began his chess career during World War II. He took 4th at Baarn 1940 ("Quadrangular", Salo Landau won), took 3rd at The Hague 1940 (George Salto Fontein won), took 4th at Leeuwarden 1940 (Nicolaas Cortlever, S. Landau and Lodewijk Prins won), and took 5th at Baarn 1941 (Max Euwe won). Kramer lost two matches to Euwe 3–5 in 1940 and 1–7 in 1941. He played in Dutch Chess Championship at Leeuwarden 1942.

paragraph: After the war, he took 3rd in the Hoogovens tournament at Beverwijk 1946 (Alberic O'Kelly de Galway won), won at Leiden 1946 (C-tournament), tied for 6–8th at Zaandam 1946 (M. Euwe won), tied for 2nd–3rd with George Alan Thomas, behind C. Vlagsma, at Baarn 1947, shared 1st at Leeuwarden 1947, took 2nd, behind L. Prins, at Nijmegen 1948, won at Vimperk 1949, tied for 3rd-4t at Beverwijk 1951 (Herman Pilnik won). He twice participated in zonal tournaments; took 11th at Bad Pyrmont 1951 (Svetozar Gligorić won) and took 8th at Munich 1954 (Wolfgang Unzicker won).

paragraph: Kramer seven times represented the Netherlands in Chess Olympiads (1950–1962), and won individual bronze medal at Munich 1958.

paragraph: He is a co-author of "Losbladige Schaakberichten" and "Het middenspel" ("The Middle Game", The Hague 1952) with M. Euwe.

paragraph: Awarded the International Master title in 1954 and the International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster title in 1984.

description: Dutch chess player

wikidata_label: Haije Kramer

wikipedia_title: Haije Kramer


text: animatronics

text: Survival Research Laboratories

text: San Francisco

text: California

text: The Seemen

text: Hellco

text: Burning Man

text: Los Angeles

text: animatronics

text: Taos, New Mexico

text: Burning Man

text: Big Day Out

text: Voodoo Experience

text: New Orleans

text: Louisiana

text: Maker Faire

text: Glastonbury Festival

text: England

text: Burning Man image gallery

paragraph: Christian Ristow

paragraph: Christian Ristow (born July 2, 1970) is an American robotic artist. He is known for his robotic performance art under the name Robochrist Industries, his animatronics work in film and television, and his large-scale interactive sculptures.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: From 1993 to 1997, Ristow volunteered for the seminal robotic performance art collective Survival Research Laboratories in San Francisco, California. During these years Ristow was involved in several SRL performances, contributing not only props but also, particularly in the years 1996 and 1997, robots that he had constructed. During this period Ristow also participated in several collaborative performances with another San Francisco based performance group, The Seemen, including the often cited Hellco performance at the 1996 Burning Man festival.

paragraph: In 1997 Ristow relocated to Los Angeles to work in the field of animatronics for film and television. Los Angeles also provided fresh audiences uninitiated to the world of robot performance art, which was already becoming well known in northern California. Shortly thereafter the name "Robochrist Industries" was first used and a small group of volunteers coalesced to form a working performance group. The gradual inclusion of artistic and technical professionals from disciplines such as film special effects and the aerospace industry helped fuel larger and more frequent shows over the ensuing years.

paragraph: Starting in 1999 Ristow and cohorts began performing at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. These shows represented the apex of the group's activities, both in terms of fully realized spectacle and audience exposure. The 2006 film "Coachella" features footage culled from Robochrist performances from several different years as well as a brief interview with Ristow.

paragraph: In early 2006 Ristow again relocated, this time leaving Los Angeles for Taos, New Mexico, effectively killing Robochrist Industries.

paragraph: The relocation to New Mexico marked a significant turn in Ristow's artistic output, away from robot-based ensemble performances, and in the direction of large-scale interactive sculpture. The list of notable large-scale sculptures built since that time includes Hand of Man (2008), Fledgling (2011), Face Forward (2011), and Becoming Human (2014). These pieces have been shown at Burning Man, the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Big Day Out (Australia), The Voodoo Experience (New Orleans, Louisiana), Maker Faire, and The Glastonbury Festival (England).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burning Man image gallery

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Robochrist Industries

wikipedia_title: Christian Ristow


text:
Old Norse
runemaster
Uppland
Sweden
Urnes style
apprentices
Visäte
runestone
Gästrikland
Södermanland
sobriquet
U 485
Old Norse
phoneme
language
Younger Futhark
phoneme
vowel
dialect
Roslagen
Sö 308
U 104
U 142
U 181
U 210
U 229
U 485
U 489
U 541
U 687
U 898
U 922
Uppsala Cathedral
U 961
U 970
U 993
U 1034
U Fv1948;168
U Fv1976;107
Rundata
U 896
colophon
the Book of Psalms
Glagolitic
Cyrillic
Novgorod
Vladimir Yaroslavovich
paganism

categories: 12th-century deaths,Year of birth unknown,Runemasters,11th-century Swedish people

paragraph: Öpir

paragraph: Öpir or "Öper" (Old Norse: "Øpiʀ"/"Œpir", meaning "shouter") was a runemaster who flourished during the late 11th century and early 12th century in Uppland, Sweden. He was the most productive of all the old runemasters and his art is classified as being in the highly refined Urnes style.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: During the 11th century, when most runestones were raised, the small number of professional runemasters and their apprentices were contracted to make runestones. When the work was finished, the stone was usually signed with the name of the runemaster.

paragraph: Öpir had been an associate or an apprentice of the runemaster Visäte. He has signed about 50 runestones, and an additional 50 runestones were probably made by him. He was active mostly in southern and eastern Uppland, but there are stones made by him also in Gästrikland and Södermanland.

paragraph: It is a characteristic of his runestones that there is a single rune serpent in the shape of an 8. Moreover, the style is characterized by elegance and control in the complex intervolutions of the rune serpents.

paragraph: His name Öpir was probably originally a nickname as it means "shouter," and used as his sobriquet. On one runestone, U 485 in Marma, he gives his full name: Ofæigʀ Øpiʀ.

paragraph: Section::::Language and runes.

paragraph: The Old Norse of Öpir was special as the "h" phoneme does not appear to have been part of his language, and not mastering where to use it, he is known to have added , the Younger Futhark rune for the "h" phoneme, where it usually did not belong. Some instances of this misspelling are huaru ("varu"), hustr/huastr ("austr" or "vestr"), hut ("ut") and Huikiar (the personal name "Vigæir"). The loss of the initial "h" phoneme before vowels and its use in the beginning of words where it usually does not appear is a dialect trait still typical of Roslagen (eastern Uppland), where Öpir was active.

paragraph: However, recent research presents him as a consistent and careful speller with very few language errors, and based on this reinterpretation of his language skills, the different ways he spelled his own name have led to a hypothesis that there were two runemasters named Öpir.

paragraph: Section::::Signed inscriptions.

paragraph: With the question regarding whether there was more than one runemaster named Öpir, one scholar accepted the following 46 signed inscriptions as being made by Öpir: Sö 308 in Vid Järnavägen, U 23 in Hilleshögs, U 36 in Svartsjö Djurgård, U 104 in Eds, U 118 in Älvsunda, the now-lost U 122 in Järva Krog, U 142 in Fällbro, the now-lost U 168 in Björkeby, U 179 in Riala, U 181 in Össeby-Garn, U 210 in Åsta, U 229 in Gällsta, the now-lost U 262 in Fresta, U 279 in Skälby, U 287 and U 288 in Vik, U 307 in Ekeby, the now-lost U 315 in Harg, U 462 in Prästgården, U 485 in Marma, U 489 in Morby, U 541 and U 544 in Husby-Lyhundra, the now-lost U 565 in Ekeby Skog, U 566 in Vällingsö, U 687 in Sjusta, U 880 in Skogstibble, U 893 in Högby, U 898 in Norby, U 922 and now-lost U 926 in Uppsala Cathedral, U 961 in Vaksala, U 970 in Bolsta, U 973 in Gränby, the now-lost U 984 in Ekeby, U 993 in Brunnby, U 1034 in Tensta, U 1063 in Källslätt, U 1072 in Bälinge, U 1100 in Sundbro, U 1106 in Äskelunda, U 1159 in Skensta, U 1177 in Hässelby, U Fv1948;168 in Alsike, U Fv1976;107 at Uppsalla Cathedral, and the now-lost Gs 4 in Hedesunda. Rundata lists three additional inscriptions: U 896 in Håga and U 940 in Uppsala, both of which have text stating that Öpir "arranged the runes," and U 1022 in Storvreta. It has been suggested that these three inscriptions represent works from the beginning of Öpir's career.

paragraph: Another inscription that listed by Rundata, Sö 11 in Gryts, is indicated as being signed by a second person named Öpir.

paragraph: Section::::Possible identification with Russian priest.

paragraph: A record of Упирь ("Upir′") appears in a document dated 1047 AD. It is a colophon in a manuscript of the Book of Psalms written by a priest who transcribed the book from Glagolitic into Cyrillic for the Novgorodian Prince Vladimir Yaroslavovich. The priest writes that his name is ""Upir′ Likhyi" " (Упирь Лихый), which would mean something like "Wicked Vampire" or "Foul Vampire." This apparently strange name has been cited as an example of surviving paganism and/or of the use of nicknames as personal names. However, in 1982, Swedish Slavicist Anders Sjöberg suggested that "Upir′ likhyi" was in fact an Old Russian transcription and/or translation of the name of Ofeigr Öpir. Sjöberg argued that Öpir could possibly have lived in Novgorod before moving to Sweden, considering the connection between Eastern Scandinavia and Kievan Rus' at the time. This theory is still controversial, although at least one Swedish historian, Henrik Janson, has expressed support for it.

description: Swedish runemaster

wikidata_label: Öpir

wikipedia_title: Öpir


text:
ENIAC
Hunter College
B.Sc.
Moore School of Electrical Engineering
University of Pennsylvania
ballistics
trajectories
ENIAC
Marlyn Meltzer
ENIAC
ENIAC
ENIAC
ENIAC
Jean Bartik
Betty Holberton
Kathleen Antonelli
Marlyn Meltzer
Frances Spence
ENIAC
Ballistics Research Laboratory
Aberdeen Proving Grounds
ENIAC
Women in Technology International
Hall of Fame
ENIAC
Kathleen Antonelli
Jean Bartik
Adele Goldstine
Betty Holberton
Frances Spence
Marlyn Meltzer
Timeline of women in science
The Women of ENIAC

categories: American Jews,Women computer scientists,Hunter College alumni,University of Pennsylvania staff,1924 births,1986 deaths

paragraph: Ruth Teitelbaum

paragraph: Ruth Teitelbaum (née Lichterman) (1924–1986) was one of the first computer programmers in the world. Teitelbaum was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC computer.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Teitelbaum graduated from Hunter College with a B.Sc. in Mathematics. She was hired by the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania to compute ballistics trajectories. The Moore School was funded by the US Army during the Second World War. Here a group of about 80 women worked manually calculating ballistic trajectories - complex differential calculations. These women were called "computers". In June 1943, the Army decided to fund an experimental project - the first all-electronic digital computer and six of the women "computers" were selected to be its first programmers. Teitelbaum was among these six.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Teitelbaum was selected as one of a group of seven women to be the first programmers of the ENIAC, which was the first all-electronic programmable computer. The computer was a huge machine with 40 black 8-foot panels. The programmers had to physically program it using 3000 switches, and telephone switching cords in a dozen trays, to route the data, and the program, through the machine.

paragraph: Along with Marlyn Meltzer, Teitelbaum was part of a special area of the ENIAC project. Using analog technology, they calculated ballistic trajectory equations. In 1946, the ENIAC computer was unveiled before the public and the press. The seven women were the only generation of programmers to program the ENIAC and they went on to teach programming techniques to others.

paragraph: The other five working on the ENIAC were Jean Bartik, Betty Holberton, Kathleen Antonelli, Marlyn Meltzer, and Frances Spence.

paragraph: She travelled with ENIAC to the Ballistics Research Laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds where she remained for two more years to train the next group of ENIAC programmers.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Ruth Teitelbaum died in 1986 in Dallas, Texas.

paragraph: Section::::Accomplishments.

paragraph: In 1997, she was inducted into the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, along with the other five original ENIAC programmers. Teitelbaum's husband accepted the award in memory of her.

paragraph: She was given little credit toward the foundations of the ENIAC.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kathleen Antonelli

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jean Bartik

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adele Goldstine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Betty Holberton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frances Spence

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marlyn Meltzer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Timeline of women in science

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Women of ENIAC

description: American computer programmer and mathematician

wikidata_label: Ruth Teitelbaum

wikipedia_title: Ruth Teitelbaum


text: Berlin

text: German

text: linguist

text: writer

text: philosophy

text: Halle an der Saale

text: Marcher

text: Consistory

text: Sophie Tieck

text: Ludwig Tieck

text: Romantic

text: Friedrich

text: August Wilhelm Schlegel

text: almanac

text: Athenäum

text: Wilhelm von Humboldt

text: Franz Bopp

text: Theodor von Bernhardi

text: Friedrich von Bernhardi

categories: University of Halle alumni,1820 deaths,Writers from Berlin,People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg,1769 births,Linguists from Germany

paragraph: August Ferdinand Bernhardi

paragraph: August Ferdinand Bernhardi (24 June 1769 in Berlin – 1 June 1820 in Berlin) was a German linguist and writer.

paragraph: After studying philosophy in Halle an der Saale, in 1791 Bernhardi became a teacher at the Friedrichwerderschen Gymnasium in Berlin and in 1808 became the institution's headmaster. In 1815 he joined the Marcher Consistory and the Academic Examination Committee. Shortly before his death he was named the headmaster of the Friedrich Wilhelms Gymnasium.

paragraph: In 1799 Bernhardi married Sophie Tieck, the younger sister of Ludwig Tieck, however, the marriage broke down in 1805. This relationship brought him into Romantic circles, associated with people such as Friedrich and August Wilhelm Schlegel, Ludwig Tieck and others. This prompted him to write and publish works on linguistics, as well as satirical writings about Berlin society and literary life. Bernhardi also contributed to literary journals and almanacs (such as "Athenäum" and "Europa"), and wrote some stories and poems in the romantic style, the most well-known of which is "Der Löwe in Florenz" (The Lion in Florence).

paragraph: Bernhardi, however, achieved renown and recognition first and foremost through his linguistic research and had significant influence on famous linguists such as Wilhelm von Humboldt and Franz Bopp.

paragraph: He was the father of the historian Theodor von Bernhardi and grandfather of the Prussian general Friedrich von Bernhardi.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vollständige lateinische Grammatik" (Complete Latin Grammar) 1795-1797

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vollständige griechische Grammatik" (Complete Greek Grammar) 1797

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bambocciaden" (Bambocciatas) 1797-1800

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sprachlehre" (Grammar) 1801-1803

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Anfangsgründe der Sprachwissenschaft" (Fundamentals of Linguistics) 1805

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Versuche und Hindernisse Karls" (The Trials and Tribulations of Karl) 1808

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ansichten über die Organisation der gelehrten Schulen" (Observations on the Organisation of Academic Schools) 1818

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bräuer, Joachim (1921): August Friedrich Bernhardi, der Sprachphilosoph der älteren Romantik (August Friedrich Bernhardi, the Linguistic Thinker of the Early Romantics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blücher, Max (1923): A. F. Bernhardis Leben und Schriften (A. F. Bernhardi's Life and Works)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Horstmann, Wilhelm (1926): August Ferdinand Bernhardi 1769-1820 als Pädagoge (August Ferdinand Bernhardi 1769-1820 as a Pedagogue)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fiesel, Eva (1927): Die Sprachphilosophie der deutschen Romantik (The Linguistics Thoughts of the German Romantics)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wild-Schedlbauer, Roswitha (1990): Einleitung zu A. F. Bernhardi (Introduction to A. F. Bernhardi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hurch, Bernhard (2000): Bernhardi und Humboldt und die Asymmetrie der Prosodie (Bernhardi and Humboldt and the Asymmetry of Prosody)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text of Der Löwe in Florenz (The Lion in Florence)

description: German linguist

wikidata_label: August Ferdinand Bernhardi

wikipedia_title: August Ferdinand Bernhardi


text:
Berklee College of Music
extended plays
Austin, Texas
Berklee College of Music
Jason Aldean
Tim McGraw
James Taylor
Urban Music Festival
Austin American-Statesman
Gary Clark Jr.
Guitar World
blues
soul music
Parade
The Austin Chronicle
Chicago Sun-Times
Buddy Guy
Sade
Alicia Keys
Joss Stone
Amy Winehouse
weed

categories: American soul guitarists,American rock singers,American rock guitarists,American female guitarists,Berklee College of Music alumni,People from Austin, Texas,American blues guitarists,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Jackie Venson

paragraph: Jackie Venson is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. Praised for her guitar playing, Venson graduated from Berklee College of Music in 2011. She has released three extended plays, a studio album and live album. Her debut studio album, "The Light in Me", was released in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Venson was born in Austin, Texas. She grew up the youngest of nine siblings. Her father, Andrew Venson, worked for 40 years as a prominent professional musician before retiring. Venson's mother incited her to begin playing piano at age eight. Venson was not very disciplined in practice, noting: "It took me three years to put the focus in enough to where I could put my hands together on the piano, and it took me an additional two and a half to three years after that to even want to practice for more than 45 minutes at a time, which you have to if you want to learn how to do anything." It took Venson about three more years to be able to focus on playing for "three or four hours straight like a working musician". Venson considers her musician father a major influence:

paragraph: Venson attended the Berklee College of Music, where she majored in composition and studio production. Venson said she had a bad experience at Berklee with the ultra-competitive environment the staff fostered, describing it as "American Idol the school". "Berklee was really hard for me", Venson recalled. "I was expecting it to be one thing and it ended up being another thing and I was really depressed probably for the entire time I went there. I didn’t really play at all." At a social gathering, Venson was inspired by the ease with which a schoolmate performed the guitar, noting that the student "looked like he was having so much fun, and I was like, 'Dude, I don’t have that much fun doing anything related to music'". She decided to pursue guitar, and began learning the instrument in 2011, during her last year at Berklee. Her piano studies and the music theory she learned in school helped Venson adapt to the new instrument.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In April 2014, Venson entered the Modern Southern Music Competition and won a headlining spot on the Belk Summer Tour. She opened for country artists Jason Aldean, Tim McGraw and James Taylor. She has also performed at the Austin Urban Music Festival. Austin City Hall declared May 21, 2014 Jackie Venson Day, and held a concert in her honor to raise money for an Austin music school.

paragraph: Venson released her debut full-length album "The Light In Me" in 2015. In 2016, she released the EP "Jackie Venson Live", and the live album "Live at Strange Brew". On September 30, 2017, Vensen released her EP "Transcends". On October 30, 2018, she released the song "Cover My Eyes" with a live in studio video.

paragraph: Section::::Musical style and influences.

paragraph: Venson usually performs and records with a three-piece band of professional musicians. In solo live performances, she uses a loop pedal to create a layered sound.

paragraph: The "Austin American-Statesman" described Venson as "a Gary Clark Jr.-level talent who speaks boldly through her guitar while entrancing with her gorgeous, smoky voice." "Guitar World" noted the influence of blues and soul music on her vocals. "Parade" called Venson a soul/pop guitarist and vocalist. The Austin Chronicle wrote that Venson's "willingness to stand naked lyrically and vocally" is an "admirable" trait, while her "smoldering and honest" voice "won't blow doors off buildings, but if she could, it would be overkill." The "Chicago Sun-Times" said Venson brings "formidable instrumental chops and a musical message of positivity", with a "singing voice that radiates warmth and spirit".

paragraph: Venson's influences include Buddy Guy, Sade, and Alicia Keys. Her voice has been compared to Joss Stone and Amy Winehouse.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 2016, Venson said that she is allergic to weed.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Studio albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "The Light in Me" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Live at Strange Brew" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "The Love Suite" (2018)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Extended plays.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. "The Unreleased EP" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::2. "Rollin' On" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::3. "Transcends" (2017)

description: American singer, songwriter and musician

wikidata_label: Jackie Venson

wikipedia_title: Jackie Venson


text:
Powys
Wales
Cyngen Glodrydd
St. Tudlwystl
Pabo Post Prydain
Cynan Garwyn
Tysilio
Meifod
Old Welsh
Mathrafal
Gwyddfarch
Tysilio
Bishopric
Tysilio
Meifod
College of Arms
Saxon
Pengwern
Shropshire
Shrewsbury
Gwynedd
Bede
Bangor-on-Dee
Æthelfrith of Northumbria
Battle of Chester
Bede
Selyf ap Cynan
John Edward Lloyd

categories: House of Gwertherion,6th-century Welsh monarchs,Monarchs of Powys

paragraph: Brochwel Ysgithrog

paragraph: Brochwel son of Cyngen (, died c. 560), better known as Brochwel Ysgrithrog, was a king of Powys in eastern Wales. The unusual epithet "Ysgithrog" has been translated as "of the canine teeth", "the fanged" or "of the tusk" (perhaps because of big teeth, horns on a helmet or, most likely, his aggressive manner).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Brochwel was the son of King Cyngen Glodrydd and his wife St. Tudlwystl, a daughter of Brychan ap Gwyngwen ap Tewdr. As far as is known Brochwel married Arddyn Benasgel, sometimes written Arddun Penasgell (Wing Headed), daughter of King Pabo Post Prydain. They were the parents of King Cynan Garwyn and Saint Tysilio, the founder of the old church at Meifod.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry and tradition.

paragraph: Powys has been frequently called "the land of Brochwel", but little is recorded of the events of this monarch's reign. Some details are available from Old Welsh poetry, but this is difficult to interpret, and none of the extant poems about this period seem to pre-date the 9th century. Some are from as late as the 11th century. Brochwel is presented as a warrior hero and ruler of wide lands. These sources suggest that he was passionately fond of hunting, and one of his chief resorts was the Vale of Meifod which he made his "May-Abode" or summer residence. On his summer visits to Mathrafal, he often visited the shrine of St. Gwyddfarch. Upon his saintly son, St Tysilio, he bestowed the Bishopric of that part of his kingdom. St Tysilio and Brochwel are linked with the foundation of the Church at Meifod, but none of the stones of the current Church of St. Mary date from this period.

paragraph: The arms later assigned by the College of Arms to Brochwel, and that can be used by his male heirs, are ‘Sable, three nags' heads, erased argent’ which may represent three beheaded Saxon white horses. Many later tribes and family lines in the area claim descent from Brochwel and include his arms within theirs. Most of the genealogies of these families were first documented by the heralds in the 16th century when the view taken of Brochwel can be illustrated by the following quotation:

paragraph: Pengwern was certainly a Welsh kingdom or Royal residence which appears to have been located somewhere in Shropshire. It is unclear whether it was ruled by Brochwel. However, there does seem to have been a tradition that he was buried in St. Chad’s College in Shrewsbury which he is said to have founded. Alternatively, some believe that Brochwel was buried at Pentrefoelas in Gwynedd where the grave has been uncovered of a six-foot man, with a covering slab bearing the name ‘Brohomagli’.

paragraph: Section::::False Brochwel.

paragraph: According to Bede (Bk II, Ch 2), a 'Brochmail' was also one of the defending force when the monks of Bangor-on-Dee were slain by Æthelfrith of Northumbria at the Battle of Chester in circa 613. The account of the battle in the Welsh Chronicles is consistent with Bede, but since it was written after his work the author was probably aware of it. However, this man is clearly not Brochwel as his grandson, Selyf ap Cynan, was King of Powys at this time and described as dying in the battle. References to the subject as 'Brochfael' are probably due to a mistaken identification with the person referred to by Bede.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kari Maund (2000) "The Welsh Kings: The Medieval Rulers of Wales" (Tempus)

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Edward Lloyd (1911) "A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest" (Longmans, Green & Co.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- W.A. Griffiths (1915) "Tales from Welsh History and Romance" (J & J Bennett Ltd, The Century Press)

alias:
Brochwel son of Cyngen
Brochwel ap Cyngen

description: King of Powys

wikidata_label: Brochwel Ysgithrog

wikipedia_title: Brochwel Ysgithrog