text:
nobility
Provence
Kingdom of France
Privateer
American Independence
Lieutenant
Continental Navy
LaFayette Tavern
Pleasant Mills
Provençal
Marie Magdeleine Garoutte
Revolutionaries
French Revolution
Antoine Joseph Marie d'Espinassy
Pennsylvania
Marseille
maternal
Baron
Louis Capet
Marseille
Military School
Officers School
Marquis de LaFayette
Signes
Louis XVI
Marseille
New York Colony
American Independence
Battle of Chestnut Neck
British
Mullica River
Little Egg Harbor
Delaware
Valley Forge
George Washington
Patriot
brig-of-war
Enterprise
sloop-of-war
Racehorse
Hessian
bayonet
Quakers
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Trial of Louis XVI
Batsto
American Independence
Joseph Bonaparte
Marquis de LaFayette
Ebenezer Tucker
Pemberton
John Sevier

categories: French people of the American Revolution,Privateers,1750 births,Continental Navy officers,French Revolution,French emigrants to the United States

paragraph: Michael Antoine Garoutte

paragraph: Michael Antoine Garoutte (Pronounced "guh-ROOT") (April 12, 1750 – April 29, 1829) was a member of the first nobility of Provence in the Kingdom of France. He was a Privateer in the early war for American Independence and ascended to the rank of Lieutenant in the first American Continental Navy.

paragraph: He was the first owner of the LaFayette Tavern in Pleasant Mills, New Jersey, United States of America.

paragraph: He belonged to a very old Provençal family of the nobility. He and his sister the Lady Marie Magdeleine Garoutte and her family were Revolutionaries, they were among the first nobles to reform the French government in the French Revolution. Garoutte's favored nephew was French Revolutionary Army General Antoine Joseph Marie d'Espinassy. He was also one of the founding Catholics of Pennsylvania.

paragraph: The street named Garoutte in Marseille, France is named after his family.

paragraph: Michel Antoine Garoutte's maternal grandfather was Baron Henri d'Lascour, who was the 1st cousin of Louis Capet the King of France.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Garoutte was born April 12, 1750 in the castle Garoutte in Marseille, Kingdom of France to the Lady Marie Anne d'Lascours and the Admiral, Sir Antoine Garoutte. He was baptized the following day at the oldest Catholic Parish of Marseille, the Notre-Dame Des Accoules Church. He was brought up in training and educated as a Catholic Priest, but at the age of 15 his older brother died in battle with no heirs and Garoutte exited seminary and went to Military School, and later Officers School in Paris. He went to some of the same schools as his friend Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, the Marquis de LaFayette. He spent many months living in the Castle de la Jaconniere in Signes with the d'Espinassy Family after the death of his older brother.

paragraph: After being pardoned in King Louis XVI court for dueling he sailed from Marseille commanding two ships to the New York Colony and fought in the War for American Independence.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: Garoutte was in the Battle of Chestnut Neck where the British burned down his ships in the Mullica River. His Privateer activities involved overtaking British Merchant vessels and British Navy vessels, taking the seized goods to Little Egg Harbor where the goods would be sent across the river through the Delaware and to Valley Forge to supply General George Washington's military forces. He also secured artillery for the Patriot military forces.

paragraph: Garoutte later served on the brig-of-war "Enterprise" and sloop-of-war "Racehorse" as a naval officer in the American Continental Navy.

paragraph: Shortly after the Battle of Chestnut Neck Garoutte went to retrieve his friend who was hiding in an Inn and he was ambushed by 7 Hessians, the Hessians stabbed Garoutte with a bayonet and blunted his head leaving him for dead on the dirt road. He was assisted by Quakers who were secretly aiding the American Revolutionaries, saving his life.

paragraph: Section::::Return to France.

paragraph: Garoutte returned to the Kingdom of France arriving in 1787 where he was given gifts by the King Louis XVI and the Queen Marie Antoinette, and again in January 1793, his nephew was a member of the Council that decided Louis XVI's fate in the Trial of Louis XVI.

paragraph: On his return to the Kingdom of France in 1787 his sister wrote the following letter:

paragraph: Section::::LaFayette Tavern.

paragraph: Garoutte started a Tavern in Pleasant Mills, New Jersey and named it The LaFayette Tavern, undoubtedly after his childhood friend and school fellow the Marquis de LaFayette. Batsto-Pleasant Mills, New Jersey was a main manufacturer of guns for the military forces for American Independence.

paragraph: Garoutte's Tavern saw patrons the Corsican King of Spain Joseph Bonaparte and the Marquis de LaFayette among others. His tavern was well known in the day and was regarded as one of the best in New Jersey. Ebenezer Tucker was said to have complemented Garoutte on his "Most pleasant inn".

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Garoutte died April 29, 1829 at the age of 79 on the road in Pemberton, New Jersey, United States of America determined to make his way back to France. He was buried in Pleasant Mills.

paragraph: Garoutte mentioned in his journal that he was angry at John Sevier Jr for stealing his daughter Sophia Garoutte from him and he lost hope of ever seeing her again. He left the house of Governor John Sevier after Sevier took Garoutte's silver coins.

paragraph: After he left he wrote the following entry in his journal:

paragraph: Garoutte then decided to sail back to France but he never made it.

wikidata_label: Michael Antoine Garoutte

wikipedia_title: Michael Antoine Garoutte


text:
Concepción
Condorito
Universidad de Concepción
Santiago
Gabriel González Videla
Pedro Aguirre Cerda
Condorito
Condorito
Omar Pérez Santiago
Chilean Center for Comics
Condorito official site
Condorito Video

categories: Chilean cartoonists,Chilean comics artists,Chilean comics writers,University of Concepción alumni,1911 births,People from Concepción, Chile,Chilean people of German descent,2000 deaths

paragraph: Pepo (cartoonist)

paragraph: René Ríos Boettiger (Concepción, 15 December 1911 — 14 July 2000), also known as Pepo, was a Chilean cartoonist, creator of the famous character Condorito.

paragraph: Although he studied medicine at the Universidad de Concepción, Rios abandoned his studies in the early 1930s to devote all his time to creating his cartoons. In 1932 he moved to Santiago to work as a cartoonist at the satirical magazine "Topaze". Adopting the pseudonym "Pepo" (from "pepón", "little barrel", his childhood nickname), he created the comic strip "Don Gabito" for the magazine, a strip featuring a caricatured Chilean president Gabriel González Videla. He also caricatured president Pedro Aguirre Cerda as "Don Pedrito".

paragraph: In 1949 he created Condorito, his most famous character, taking the idea from the condor of the Chilean coat of arms.

paragraph: Over the next sixty years Rios contributed cartoons to a great number of publications, including "El Pingüino", "Ganso", "Pobre Diablo", "Can Can", "Pichanga", "El Saquero", "El Peneca", and branched out into other forms of illustration as well. Rios died of cancer in 2000 at the age of 88.

paragraph: A great lover of the seaside, Rios often drew while looking at the sea at El Quisco on the Chilean Central Coast. A statue of Condorito now stands at the location. In 2000, an effort led by Omar Pérez Santiago (a scholar of Chilean cartooning and a co-founder of the academic Chilean Center for Comics) resulted in a sculpture of Condorito memorializing Rios being installed in the Chilean House of Culture in San Miguel.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Condorito official site

paragraph: BULLET::::- Condorito Video

description: cartoonist

wikidata_label: Pepo

wikipedia_title: Pepo (cartoonist)


text: Amersham

text: docker

text: London

text: Fender Rhodes

text: Electric piano

text: Minimoog

text: Hohner

text: Clavinet

text: Jeff Beck

text: Blow by Blow

text: Clive Chaman

text: Jeff Beck Group

text: Rough and Ready

text: Jeff Beck Group

text: Bobby Tench

text: Cozy Powell

text: Blow by Blow

text: Wired

text: Nazareth

text: Hummingbird

text: Streetwalkers

text: Chris Rea

text: Kate Bush

text: Annette Peacock

text: Rolling Stones

text: Mick Taylor

text: John Martyn

text: Jeff Beck Group

text: Bobby Tench

text: Clive Chaman

text: Cozy Powell

text: power trio

text: Beck, Bogert & Appice

text: Hummingbird

text: We Can't Go On Meeting Like This

text: Diamond Nights

text: Ian "Sammy" Samwell

text: Wired

text: session musician

text: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

text: Nazareth's

text: Hair of the Dog

text: Morrissey–Mullen

text: Cape Wrath

text: Kate Bush

text: Never For Ever

text: On the Beach

text: The Road to Hell

text: Auberge

text: Dick Morrissey

text: Souliloquy

text: Mick Taylor

text: Cozy Powell

text: Over the Top

text: Gary Moore

text: Wild Frontier

text: smooth jazz

text: Snowy White & The White Flames

text: Mick Taylor

text: Max to the Max!

text: An Interview With Max Middleton

text: Max Middleton

text: RL-2 current record label

categories: People from Amersham,Living people,Hummingbird (band) members,English session musicians,English keyboardists,1946 births,The Jeff Beck Group members

paragraph: Max Middleton

paragraph: David Maxwell "Max" Middleton (born 4 August 1946, Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England) is an English composer and keyboardist and was originally a docker on the London docks. Middleton is known for his work on the Fender Rhodes Electric piano, the Minimoog synthesiser and his percussive playing style of the Hohner Clavinet. He started on his professional music career by playing keyboards for Jeff Beck and is best known for his work on Beck's "Blow by Blow".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: After being introduced to Beck by bassist Clive Chaman during 1970, he played keyboards on the third Jeff Beck Group album "Rough and Ready" and the eponymously named fourth Jeff Beck Group album (also known as the "Orange Album"), in a line-up with Chaman, vocalist and guitarist Bobby Tench and drummer Cozy Powell. He went on to record "Blow by Blow" and Wired with Jeff Beck before moving on to record and tour with Nazareth, Hummingbird, Streetwalkers, Chris Rea, Kate Bush, Annette Peacock, Rolling Stones guitarist Mick Taylor and singer-songwriter John Martyn.

paragraph: Middleton worked with Beck in the Jeff Beck Group line-up with vocalist and guitarist Bobby Tench, Clive Chaman and drummer Cozy Powell. He stayed with Beck until the latter's power trio, Beck, Bogert & Appice began to emerge as an established act, before leaving to join Tench in Hummingbird during 1976. Hummingbird released two successful albums with Middleton as keyboard player "We Can't Go On Meeting Like This" (1976), and "Diamond Nights" (1977), both produced by Ian "Sammy" Samwell. He also recorded after in Beck's albums, "Blow By Blow" (1975) and "Wired" (1976). By this time Middleton had become a sought after session musician, playing on albums such as the soundtrack to the film "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" (1978) and Nazareth's most successful album, "Hair of the Dog" (1975). In 1977 he played keyboards on the Rhead Brothers first EMI album 'Dedicate', later writing and arranging a score for the track, 'When the Seagull flies' on their second album 'Black Shaheen'.

paragraph: In 1979, he played keyboards on Morrissey–Mullen's "Cape Wrath" and released "Another Sleeper" in the same year, an instrumental album with guitarist Robert Ahwai. This classic jazz-funk album was released along with "Cape Wrath", on Fusion Harvest/EMI Records, the duo is supported by Richard Bailey, Kuma Harada, Darryl Lee Que, Steve Gregory, Bud Beadle, George Chisholm, Trevor Barber, Chris Rainbow and some backing vocalists.

paragraph: In 1980 Middleton was involved with the arrangements on and played keyboards for Kate Bush's "Never For Ever", which had album and single success.

paragraph: In the 1980s he was also involved with Chris Rea playing on "Shamrock diaries"," On the Beach", "New light through old windows", " The Road to Hell", "Auberge" , "God's great banana skin", "Espresso logic", "La passione", and "King of the Beach".

paragraph: He produced Dick Morrissey's "Souliloquy" (1988) on which he played keyboards.

paragraph: He also toured regularly with Mick Taylor's band during the mid to late 80's.

paragraph: Middleton is credited as writer of "The Loner" from Cozy Powell's album Over the Top (1979) and as co writer of "The Loner" from Gary Moore's album Wild Frontier (1987).

paragraph: Middleton released the smooth jazz album "Land of Secrets" (2003) and became a member of Snowy White & The White Flames in 2005. In 2009, 2010 and 2013 he played with Mick Taylor's band .

paragraph: In November 2010 Middleton released the album "One Thousand Sails". In April 2013 Max Middleton released the album "Two Cranes".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bilyeu, Melinda; Cook, Hector; Hughes, Andrew Môn; Brennan, Joseph and Croban, Mark. "The Bee Gees: tales of the brothers Gibb". Omnibus Press (2004).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moy, Ron. "Kate Bush and Hounds of Love". Ashgate Publishing Ltd (2007).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eder, Bruce [ Max Middleton] Biography. Allmusic.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Laney, Erokan. It's Only Rock 'n' Roll, But He Likes It. "Synthesis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stringer, Bruce. (2000) "Max to the Max!". "The Jeff Beck Bulletin #8"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stringer, Bruce. (2002) "An Interview With Max Middleton". "The Jeff Beck Bulletin #10"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Middleton Snowy White Fanclub.

paragraph: BULLET::::- RL-2 current record label

paragraph: BULLET::::-

description: British musician

wikidata_label: Max Middleton

wikipedia_title: Max Middleton


text: Common Serjeant of London

text: Old Bailey

text: Recorder of London

text: Bradfield College

text: Berkshire

text: Lincoln College, Oxford

text: Called to the Bar

text: Bencher

text: Middle Temple

text: Central Criminal Court

text: Master of the Bench

text: Middle Temple

text: Queen’s Counsel

text: Ben Kinsella

text: Crown Prosecution Service

text: Jonathan Rees

text: private investigator

text: Daniel Morgan

text: police corruption

text: Liveryman

text: Worshipful Company of Feltmakers

text: Crisis

text: Ben Kinsella

categories: People from London,English Queen's Counsel,English barristers,Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford,People educated at Bradfield College,British prosecutors,English lawyers,Common Serjeants of London,Members of the Middle Temple,21st-century British lawyers,International criminal law scholars,British Queen's Counsel,Living people,21st-century British judges,Recorders of London,English criminal law,1959 births,Queen's Counsel 2001–,20th-century British lawyers

paragraph: Nicholas Hilliard (judge)

paragraph: His Honour Judge Nicholas Richard Maybury Hilliard (born 1959) is a British judge who was the 80th Common Serjeant of London, an ancient and senior legal post at the Old Bailey second only to that of the Recorder of London. He was appointed to that office in May 2013. Since 6 January 2015 he has served as the Recorder of London, the senior judge at the Old Bailey.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Hilliard was educated at Bradfield College in Berkshire, and Lincoln College, Oxford. He was Called to the Bar in 1981, and was appointed as a Bencher of the Middle Temple in 2003.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1995 Hilliard was appointed Treasury Counsel at the Central Criminal Court and served in that capacity until 2008 when he was appointed Senior Treasury Counsel. In 2001 he was appointed Recorder of the Crown Court and in 2003 became a Master of the Bench at the Middle Temple. Hilliard was Chairman of the Criminal Bar Association from 2005 to 2006. Hilliard was appointed Queen’s Counsel in 2008. In that year he led for the Prosecution against the murderers of Ben Kinsella.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Prosecutor.

paragraph: In 2003, he successfully led the prosecution of the case of R v Ingram, C., Ingram, D. and Whittock, T.. In 2011, on behalf of the Crown Prosecution Service, he unsuccessfully prosecuted Jonathan Rees for the 1987 murder of private investigator Daniel Morgan, who had been examining police corruption. Hilliard acknowledged the police could not be relied upon to ensure access to documents that the defence might require and the prosecution was fatally undermined as a result and Rees was discharged.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Judicial career.

paragraph: Hilliard was appointed a Senior Circuit Judge in 2012, making him the Resident Judge on the South Eastern Circuit, based at Woolwich Crown Court. He has been a contributing editor to "Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice" since 1994.

paragraph: Section::::Honourable appointments and charity.

paragraph: A Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Feltmakers, Hilliard is also a Trustee of Crisis, the charity for single homeless people, and the Ben Kinsella Trust, which aims to promote awareness of the effects of knife crime.

paragraph: Hilliard is a trustee of Finding Rhythms, charity that helps vulnerable people find their rhythm in life through music, focusing on those who have been through or are at risk of coming into contact with the criminal justice system. He is a member of the Board of Directors of Association of Commonwealth Criminal Lawyers (ACCL). In May 2017 Hilliard was a speaker at Youth Justice Summit organised by the Youth Justice Legal Centre, which was designed to bring together leading practitioners to share and build expertise in representing children in criminal cases. It was attended by leading criminal practitioners and professionals working in the criminal justice system.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Recorder of London, Nicholas Hilliard QC thanked Paul Cheston for his commitment to open justice and said he was an exemplar for court reporting.

description: Recorder of London

wikidata_label: Nicholas Hilliard

wikipedia_title: Nicholas Hilliard (judge)


text:
Confucian
Qin
Western Han
Confucian classic
Shangshu
book burning
First Emperor of Qin
Zouping
Zhangqiu
Shandong
Fu Xi
Sima Qian
Records of the Grand Historian
Emperor Wen of Han
Chao Cuo
Kong Anguo
Shangshu Dazhuan
Dong Zhongshu
Tang dynasty
Wang Wei
Osaka
Ming dynasty
Cui Zizhong
Shanghai Museum
Fu Shou
Emperor Xian
五經博士
Zouping County
Shandong

categories: 268 BC births,3rd-century BC writers,Chinese Confucianists,Han dynasty philosophers,178 BC deaths,2nd-century BC writers,Han dynasty writers

paragraph: Fu Sheng (scholar)

paragraph: Fu Sheng (; 268–178 BC), also known as Master Fu (伏生), was a Chinese philosopher and writer. He was a Confucian scholar of the Qin and Western Han dynasties of ancient China, famous for saving the Confucian classic "Shangshu" ("Book of Documents") from the book burning of the First Emperor of Qin.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Fu Sheng was a native of Jinan prefecture (濟南, in present-day Zouping or Zhangqiu, Shandong province), and was said to be a descendant of the legendary ancient ruler Fu Xi. He was a "boshi" (博士, "erudite") of the Qin dynasty. In 213 BC the First Emperor of Qin ordered the Burning of Books and killed many Confucian scholars. Risking his life, Fu Sheng hid a copy of the book in the walls of his house. He later escaped his hometown in the warfare that soon broke out and eventually ended the Qin dynasty. After the Han dynasty was established in 206 BC, Fu Sheng returned home and retrieved the scrolls. However, he was only able to recover 29 chapters; the rest (tens of chapters) had been lost to damage or decay. (Some scholars believe that Fu Sheng memorized the chapters instead of recovering them from the walls.)

paragraph: According to Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian", when Emperor Wen of Han (r. 180–157 BC) searched the country for copies of the "Shangshu", Fu Sheng was the only person who could produce one. As Fu was already over 90 years old and unable to travel, Emperor Wen dispatched the official Chao Cuo to study the "Shangshu" from him. Fu's daughter or granddaughter had to interpret the old man's words for the official. "The daughter’s role was crucial because Fu Sheng spoke only the dialect of the ancient state of Qi, an idiom incomprehensible to the official charged with transcribing the text." Fu's other disciples, surnamed Ouyang and Zhang, also became masters of "Shangshu". Master Ouyang's great-grandson Ouyang Gao (歐陽高) would later found one of the three main schools for the study of "Shangshu". Kong Anguo, the scholar who later compiled the "old text" "Shangshu", also studied with him.

paragraph: The commentary "Shangshu Dazhuan" (, "Amplification of the Shangshu") is traditionally attributed to Fu Sheng, but much of the work was probably done by his disciples Ouyang and Zhang (both fl. 180–157 BC), or even later scholars.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Along with Dong Zhongshu, Fu Sheng is recognized as one of the most important Confucianists of the Han Dynasty. He is often venerated in Confucian temples along with other sages, and has been a subject of many poems, essays, and paintings. Tang dynasty poet-painter Wang Wei's portrait of him is now in the collection of the Osaka City Museum of Fine Arts in Japan, and another portrait by the Ming dynasty painter Cui Zizhong is in the Shanghai Museum.

paragraph: Fu Sheng's family remained prominent throughout the Han dynasty. His descendant Fu Shou married Emperor Xian, the last emperor of Han.

paragraph: Fu Sheng's offspring held the title of Wujing Boshi (五經博士; Wǔjīng Bóshì).

paragraph: Fu's tomb is still extant in Zouping County, Shandong province. Its remains measure 45 meters in diameter and 2 meters in height. In Zouping there also used to be a Fu Sheng Temple, a Fu Sheng Academy, and a Fu Sheng Township.

description: Confucian scholar

wikidata_label: Fu Sheng

wikipedia_title: Fu Sheng (scholar)


text:
Slovenia
ice hockey
HC Alleghe
Serie A
2013 IIHF World Championship
Slovenia men's national ice hockey team

categories: 1988 births,Living people,Slovenian ice hockey players

paragraph: Luka Tošić

paragraph: Luka Tošić (born March 10, 1988) is a Slovenian ice hockey player who is currently playing for HC Alleghe of the Serie A.

paragraph: Tošić competed in the 2013 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Slovenia men's national ice hockey team.

description: Slovenian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Luka Tošić

wikipedia_title: Luka Tošić


text: Chinjufu-shōgun

categories: Fujiwara clan,Year of death unknown,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Fujiwara no Toshihito

paragraph: He held the title of "Chinjufu-shōgun", or Commander-in-chief of the Defense of the North. He was also father of Fujiwara Kaga-no-suke Tadayori and grandfather of Fujiwara no Yoshimune.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shokyuki. An Account of the Shokyu War of 1221, by William H. McCullough Monumenta Nipponica © 1964 Sophia University

description: Japanese noble and general

wikidata_label: Fujiwara no Toshihito

wikipedia_title: Fujiwara no Toshihito


text:
Fujiwara clan
sadaijin
Fujiwara no Fusasaki
Japanese clans
Fujiwara no Fusasaki
Fujiwara no Umakai

paragraph: Fujiwara no Uona

paragraph: Fujiwara no Uona (藤原 魚名, 721 – August 31, 783) was a member of the Fujiwara clan in Japan and occupied the position of "sadaijin" "Minister of the Left" in the ancient Japanese court. He was the fifth son of Fujiwara no Fusasaki (681–737).

paragraph: Some Japanese clans that descend from Fujiwara no Uona are Kondō, Shindō, Mutō, Bitō. More in number are Satō, Gotō, Katō, Saitō. Along with the names Hayashi, Togashi, Takeda, Kawai, Inazu, Yuuki, Matsuda, Sano, Hatano.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Fujiwara no Fusasaki (藤原房前, 681–737)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: daughter of Katano no Tomoomi (片野朝臣の娘)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: daughter of Fujiwara no Umakai (藤原宇合の娘)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Fujiwara no Takatori (藤原鷹取, ?–784)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Fujiwara no Washitori (藤原鷲取, ?–?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third son: Fujiwara no Sueshige (藤原末茂, ?–?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: lady from the Sumori clan (津守氏)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fifth son: Fujiwara no Fujinari (藤原藤成, 776–822)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Children with unknown mother:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Son: Fujiwara no Mawashi (藤原真鷲, ?–?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: Wife of Fujiwara no Oguromaro (藤原小黒麻呂室)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Daughter: Wife of Fujiwara no Nagamichi (藤原長道室)

description: Japanese minister

wikidata_label: Fujiwara no Uona

wikipedia_title: Fujiwara no Uona


text:
Fujiwara clan
Hokke branch
"Sangi"
Daijō-kan
Kamakura
Gyōki
Ekadasamukha
major smallpox epidemic in 737
Fujiwara no Fuhito
Brinkley, Frank
Dairoku Kikuchi
OCLC 413099
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric
"Japan encyclopedia."
Harvard University Press
OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac
"Annales des empereurs du Japon"
Nihon Odai Ichiran
OCLC 5850691

categories: Fujiwara clan,People of Asuka-period Japan,Infectious disease deaths in Japan,Deaths from smallpox,737 deaths,681 births,People of Nara-period Japan

paragraph: Fujiwara no Fusasaki

paragraph: Fujiwara no Fusasaki (藤原 房前, 681 – May 25, 737) was a member of the Fujiwara clan and the founder of the Hokke branch of the Fujiwara.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Fusasaki was a "Sangi" (associate counselor) in the Daijō-kan.

paragraph: He founded the temple of Sugimoto-dera in Kamakura in 734 with the priest Gyōki (668–749). The temple's legend holds that Empress Komyo (701–760) in the Nara Period (710–794) instructed Fusasaki, the then high-ranking minister, and a famous priest named Gyoki (668–749) to build the temple enshrining a statue of Eleven-Headed Kan'non, or Ekadasamukha in Sanskrit, as the main object of worship. Priest Gyoki fashioned the statue himself because he was also a great sculptor.

paragraph: Fusasaki died during a major smallpox epidemic in 737.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Father: Fujiwara no Fuhito (藤原不比等, 659–720)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mother: Soga no Shōshi (蘇我娼子, ?–?), daughter of Soga no Murajiko (蘇我連子)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Main-wife ("seishitsu"): Muro no O-Okimi (牟漏女王, ?–746), daughter of Minu-Ō (美努王)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Daughter of Kusagunokura no Oyu (春日倉老)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Daughter of (片野朝臣)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wife: Daughter of (阿波采)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). "A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era." New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan encyclopedia." Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Annales des empereurs du Japon" ("Nihon Odai Ichiran"). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

description: High ranking minister and founded the temple of Sugimoto-dera in Kamakura, Kanagawa

wikidata_label: Fujiwara no Fusasaki

wikipedia_title: Fujiwara no Fusasaki


text:
Judge of Arborea
Doria
house of Arborea
Bas-Serra
Doria-Bas
Hugh III
Eleanor
Castelsardo
Brancaleone Doria
Genoese
Doge
Nicolò Guarco
florins
Crown of Aragon
Peter IV of Aragon
Cagliari
Marianus V

categories: Judges (judikes) of Arborea,1377 births,1387 deaths

paragraph: Frederick of Arborea

paragraph: Frederick (1377–1387) was the Judge of Arborea from 1383 until his death. His surname was Doria, but since he belonged to the ruling house of Arborea he is often dynastically called Bas-Serra, or Doria-Bas. Nephew and successor of Hugh III, he was a minor upon his succession and was under the tutelage of his mother Eleanor.

paragraph: He was born at Castel Genovese (modern Castelsardo) in 1377 to Eleanor and Brancaleone Doria, a Genoese nobleman. In 1382, Eleanor was residing in Genoa, where she made a pact with the Doge Nicolò Guarco that loaned him 4,000 florins and promised Frederick in marriage to the doge's daughter Bianchina. If the girl died before the marriage could take place, the agreement would be null. Frederick never reached puberty and the accord never came into effect.

paragraph: Upon Hugh's death in a republican uprising, the barons of the realm gathered in a parliament and elected Frederick judge. Eleanor immediately set to work defeating the rebels and securing her son's realm. No sooner, the Giudicato fell into another bitter war with the Crown of Aragon, who laid claim to the island. During the war, Frederick was captured together with his father by its monarch Peter IV of Aragon, and they both were imprisoned in Cagliari, first in the tower of San Pancrazio and then in that of Elefante.

paragraph: Frederick died in captivity in 1387, the same year as Peter. He was succeeded by his younger brother Marianus V, also under the regency of Eleanor.

description: Italian judge

wikidata_label: Frederick of Arborea

wikipedia_title: Frederick of Arborea


text:
Judge of Arborea
Doria
house of Arborea
Bas-Serra
Doria-Bas
Frederick
Eleanor
Castelsardo
Brancaleone Doria
Genoese
Frederick of Arborea
Giudicato of Arborea
Crown of Aragon
Sassari
Osilo
Carta de Logu
bubonic plague

categories: Judges (judikes) of Arborea,1370s births,1407 deaths,Year of birth uncertain

paragraph: Marianus V of Arborea

paragraph: Marianus V (1378 or 1379 – 1407) was the Judge of Arborea from 1387 until his death. His surname was Doria, but since he belonged to the ruling house of Arborea he is often dynastically called Bas-Serra, or Doria-Bas. Younger brother and successor of Frederick, he was a minor upon his succession and was under the tutelage of his mother Eleanor.

paragraph: He was born at Castel Genovese (modern Castelsardo) between 1378 and 1379 to Eleanor and Brancaleone Doria, a Genoese nobleman. In 1383, he was proclaimed judge along with his brother, Frederick of Arborea. In 1387, his brother died under Aragonese captivity and Marianus became sole judge at a time when the Giudicato of Arborea was at war with the Crown of Aragon. On 24 January 1388, Eleanor signed a pact with Aragon which brought peace and safeguarded Marianus' rule.

paragraph: On 16 August 1391, Marianus accompanied his father at the occupation of Sassari and Osilo. Marianus was 14 years old in 1392 when his mother promulgated the Carta de Logu and he was declared of age. He immediately reaffirmed the treaty with Aragon, but the real power at that time lay with Brancaleone. Eleanor died in 1404. He died of bubonic plague three years later without heirs, presenting a succession crisis.

description: King of Arborea in Sardinia

wikidata_label: Marianus V of Arborea

wikipedia_title: Marianus V of Arborea


href: Ptah Amenemhat%20III Twelfth%20dynasty%20of%20Egypt Sobekneferu Sobek cartouche Hawara Hatshepsut Medinet%20Madi Elephantine

text:
Ptah
Amenemhat III
12th dynasty
Sobekneferu
Sobek
cartouche
Hawara
Hatshepsut
Medinet Madi
Elephantine

categories: Princesses of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt

paragraph: Neferuptah

paragraph: Neferuptah or Ptahneferu (“Beauty of Ptah”) was a daughter of the Egyptian king Amenemhat III (c. 1860 BC to 1814 BC) of the 12th dynasty. Her sister was the Pharaoh Sobekneferu (“Beauty of Sobek”).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Neferuptah is one of the first royal women whose name was written inside a cartouche. Although she never had the title 'king's wife', she must have had a special status; it is possible she was regarded as a future ruler.

paragraph: Her titles included "member of the elite, great of favour, great of praise" and "beloved king's daughter of his body".

paragraph: A burial for her was prepared in the tomb of her father at Hawara. However, she was not buried there, but in a small pyramid at Hawara. Her tomb was found intact in 1956 and still contained her jewellery, a granite sarcophagus, three silver vases and other objects.

paragraph: The granite sarcophagus was inscribed with a short offering formula. Inside the sarcophagus were found the decayed remains of two wooden coffins. The outer one was decorated with inscribed gold foil. Identical inscriptions were found on the sarcophagus of Queen Hatshepsut, who lived about 300 years later. Her tomb is mentioned on a papyrus found at Lahun. She is depicted next to her father in the temple at Medinet Madi. Objects belonging to her include a sphinx of black granite and the fragment of a statue found on Elephantine.

paragraph: Section::::Literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Flinders Petrie: "Kahun, Gurob, and Hawara", London 1890 (online: )

paragraph: BULLET::::- N. Farag: "The discovery of Neferwptah", 1971

description: ancient Egyptian princess

wikidata_label: Neferuptah

wikipedia_title: Neferuptah


text:
American
paleontologist
Field Museum of Natural History
Chicago
Illinois
Trafalgar
Indiana
Kansas
University of Kansas
American Museum of Natural History
Morrison Formation
Wyoming
Colorado
sauropod
dinosaur
Brachiosaurus altithorax
Grand Junction
Fruita
Brachiosauridae
Apatosaurus
Brontosaurus
Robert Bakker
United States
South America
Captain Marshall Field Expeditions
marsupial
Thylacosmilus
Late Miocene
Argentina
Sedan

wikipedia_title:
United States
Paleontology
Field Museum of Natural History
Chicago
Illinois
Trafalgar, Indiana
Indiana
Kansas
University of Kansas
American Museum of Natural History
Morrison Formation
Wyoming
Colorado
Sauropoda
Dinosaur
Brachiosaurus
Grand Junction, Colorado
Fruita, Colorado
Brachiosauridae
Apatosaurus
Brontosaurus
Robert T. Bakker
United States
South America
Captain Marshall Field Expeditions
Marsupial
Thylacosmilus
Late Miocene
Argentina
Sedan, Kansas

categories: People associated with the American Museum of Natural History,American taxonomists,People from Johnson County, Indiana,People associated with the Field Museum of Natural History,American paleontologists,19th-century American zoologists,People from Sedan, Kansas,Taxa named by Elmer S. Riggs,1869 births,1963 deaths,Scientists from Illinois

paragraph: Elmer S. Riggs

paragraph: Elmer Samuel Riggs (January 23, 1869 – March 25, 1963) was an American paleontologist known for his work with the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born in Trafalgar, Indiana, and moved with his family to Kansas at a young age. He received bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Kansas and then worked with the American Museum of Natural History. In May 1898 he joined the staff of the Field Museum (then the Field Columbian Museum). Though he was a specialist in fossil mammals, the Field Museum hired him in part to secure dinosaurs for exhibit.

paragraph: In the summer of 1898 he began with a field season in the Oligocene White River beds of South Dakota and Nebraska working under his department chairman, Oliver Farrington, a meteoriticist. Riggs demonstrated a clear facility for fieldwork and was given the opportunity to lead his own expeditions. He conducted his first Field Museum expedition in 1899 working in the Morrison Formation rocks of Wyoming and Colorado. After corresponding with an MD during the winter of 1899/1900 he headed to the Morrison Formation in Western Colorado during the summer of 1900. On July 4, 1900 Riggs' assistant, H. William Menke, found the first known skeleton of the giant sauropod dinosaur "Brachiosaurus altithorax" from near Grand Junction, Colorado. At the end of the 1900 field season Riggs' found a specimen of "Apatosaurus" near Fruita, a few miles from the Brachiosaurus site. This specimen was excavated during the 1901 field season, and was put on display in 1908 at the Field Museum. From these specimens he named "Brachiosaurus" and Brachiosauridae, and presented evidence that "Apatosaurus" and "Brontosaurus" were the same genus of dinosaur as of 2015, they have been confirmed to be separate taxa. He also proposed that sauropods were terrestrial animals, based on their limb structure, but this was largely dismissed in favor of aquatic sauropods until the 1970s, when the idea was revived by Robert Bakker.

paragraph: Following these discoveries, he returned to fossil mammals, and worked throughout the western United States and South America until 1931. His collection of Argentinian and Bolivian fossil mammals secured on two multi-year expeditions to South America (Captain Marshall Field Expeditions) are his greatest legacy, and are still studied intensively. One particularly notable find was the saber-toothed marsupial "Thylacosmilus", which he found in Late Miocene-age rocks of Argentina in 1927 and named in 1933. He became the Curator of Paleontology at the Field Museum, and was employed by the museum until he retired in 1942. He was also sought after as a lecturer, and was still conducting speaking tours many years after retiring from the Field Museum. He died on March 25, 1963, in Sedan, Kansas, at the age of 94.

description: American paleontologist

wikidata_label: Elmer S. Riggs

wikipedia_title: Elmer S. Riggs


text: Spanish

text: Reconquista

text: Burgos

text: Constable of Castille

text: Marquis of Santillana

text: Duke of Frías

text: Catholic Monarchs

text: Ferdinand II of Aragon

wikipedia_title: Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquess of Santillana

categories: 1512 deaths,Grandees of Spain,1450 births,Dukes of Frías,Spanish viceroys,House of Frías,Fernández de Velasco family,15th-century Castilians,Counts of Haro

paragraph: Don Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 1st Duke of Frías, Grandee of Spain (c. 1450 – 9 February 1512) was a Spanish nobleman and prominent military figure of the last stages of the Reconquista.

paragraph: Fernández de Velasco was born in Burgos, the son of Don Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Count of Haro, Constable of Castille, and of Doña Mencía de Mendoza y Figueroa, herself a daughter of the illustrious Marquis of Santillana.

paragraph: He participated in the conquest of Granada, where his father died, and became one of its firsts Viceroys. On 20 March 1492 he was granted the title of Duke of Frías by the Catholic Monarchs.

paragraph: He first married Doña Blanca de Herrera, Lady of Pedraza de la Sierra, with whom he had a daughter, Ana Herrera de Velasco, who married the Count-Duke of Benavente.

paragraph: After becoming a widow, he married secondly Doña Juana de Aragón, Lady of Castilnovo, an illegitimate daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, with whom he had another daughter, Doña Juliana de Velasco y Aragón, 1st Countess of Castilnovo, and future consort Duchess of Frías by her marriage to her cousin.

paragraph: He had no legitimate male issue, so his titles passed on to his younger brother Don Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Duke of Frías.

description: 1st duke of Frias


text: Spanish

text: Pedro Fernández de Velasco

text: Bernardino

text: Íñigo de Borja

text: Battle of Villalar

wikipedia_title: Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Count of Haro

wikipedia_title: Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 1st Duke of Frías

categories: 1528 deaths,Knights of the Golden Fleece,Grandees of Spain,People of the Revolt of the Comuneros,1462 births,Dukes of Frías,House of Frías,Fernández de Velasco family,15th-century Castilians,Counts of Haro

paragraph: Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Duke of Frías, Grandee of Spain, (in full, ), (1462–17 September 1528), was a Spanish nobleman and Duke of Frias.

paragraph: Fernández de Velasco was the son of Pedro Fernández de Velasco and of Mencía de Mendoza y Figueroa, and he inherited the titles from his older brother Bernardino, who had no legitimate male issue. He married María de Tovar, Lady of Berlanga, with whom he had six children.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 3rd Duke of Frías

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juan Sancho de Tovar, 1st Marquis of Berlanga

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mencía de Velasco

paragraph: BULLET::::- María de Velasco, nun

paragraph: BULLET::::- Isabel de Velasco

paragraph: BULLET::::- Juana de Velasco; "married to Francisco Tomás de Borja y Centelles"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Íñigo de Borja; married to Hélène de Bossu.

paragraph: He took part in the Castilian War of the Communities, and led the royalist army to victory at the Battle of Villalar.

description: 2nd duke of Frias


text: Rika Ishikawa

categories: 1987 births,Japanese baseball players,Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers,Yomiuri Giants　players,Saitama Seibu Lions players,People from Dazaifu, Fukuoka,Living people

paragraph: Ryoma Nogami

paragraph: His wife is a Japanese idol Rika Ishikawa.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Ryoma Nogami

wikipedia_title: Ryoma Nogami


text:
Tizi Rached
Berber
Kabylie
Algeria
Mouloud Feraoun
Mouloud Mammeri
New Caledonia
Les Éditions de Minuit
isefra
Berber

wikipedia_title:
Tizi Rached
Berber languages
Kabylie
Algeria
Mouloud Feraoun
Mouloud Mammeri
New Caledonia
Les Éditions de Minuit
Asefru
Berber languages

categories: 1905 deaths,Kabyle people,Berber poets,Year of birth uncertain,21st-century Algerian poets,Algerian male poets,20th-century Algerian poets

paragraph: Si Mohand

paragraph: Si Mohand ou-Mhand n At Hmadouch, also known as Si Mhand, (Icerɛiwen, Tizi Rached, about 1848 - Ain El Hammam, 28 December 1905) was a widely known Berber poet from Kabylie in Algeria. Called by the "Kabyle Verlaine" by French scholars, his works were translated by fellow Algerians Mouloud Feraoun, Mouloud Mammeri and Si Amar U Said Boulifa and one of the translations was "Les poémes de Si-Mohand" (1960). Due to difference of information and sources, some details of his life are not clearly known.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born into an important wealthy family and educated in traditional religious teaching (hence the title Si, "Doctor", which is added to his name), his life was marked by the strong repression which followed the Kabyle revolt against the French colonial rule in 1871. He lost everything. His father was sentenced to death, his paternal uncle was sent into exile in New Caledonia, and his family's possessions were forfeited. Unlike his mother and his brothers, who emigrated to Tunis, he preferred to stay and live in Algeria as one of the dispossessed, working as a day laborer or practicing other poorly paid jobs. He never settled anywhere, but wandered all his life in Algiers or in other Algerian towns and villages inside and around Kabylie.

paragraph: Few details of his life are known for certain. The tradition remembers a visit he paid to the pious Cheikh Mohand ou-Lhocine, with whom he fought an epic poetic duel, as well as a journey on foot to Tunis, where he met his brothers but was not well received.

paragraph: He died of tubercholosis at 57 at the Sainte-Eugénie hospital in Michelet (now Ain El Hammam). He also chronicled in Younes Adli's 2000 Les Éditions de Minuit-published book "Mohand et un révolte".

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: In the course of his wandering life he composed a great number of isefra or poems in Berber. Some hundreds survived by oral transmission and have been recorded in books by Boulifa, Mouloud Feraoun, Mouloud Mammeri and Younes Adli.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Poésies populaires de la Kabylie du Djurdjura", M. Hanoteau, Paris, 1867

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Recueil de poésies kabyles", Saïd Boulifa, Alger, Jordan, 1904

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Poésie kabyle de Si Mohand-ou-M’hand et les Isefra", Emile Dermenghem, Documents Alger, Séries-culturelles, n°57, 1951.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Poèmes de Si Mohand", Mouloud Feraoun, Paris, Edition de Minuit, 1960.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Les Isefra de Si Mohand", Mouloud Mammeri, Maspero, 1982.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Si Mohand ou Mhand. Errance et révolte", Younes Adli, Paris Mediterranee, , 2001.

alias:
Si Mohand ou-Mhand n At Hmadouch
Si Mohand ou-Mohand n At Hmadouch

description: Berber poet

wikidata_label: Si Mohand

wikipedia_title: Si Mohand


text:
ealdorman
East Anglia
Byrhtferth
life
Oswald of Worcester
Æthelstan Half-King
Glastonbury Abbey
Ramsey Abbey
Benedictine
Edgar
Ælfthryth
King Edgar
William of Malmesbury
Gesta regum anglorum
Edward Augustus Freeman
debunks
William Henry Hudson
Ramsey Abbey
Æthelwine
Dead Man's Plack
Longparish
William of Malmesbury

paragraph: Æthelwald, Ealdorman of East Anglia

paragraph: Æthelwald (died 962) was ealdorman of East Anglia. He is mentioned in Byrhtferth's life of Oswald of Worcester along with other members of his family.

paragraph: He was probably the oldest son of Æthelstan Half-King and succeeded to some of his father's offices in 956 when Æthelstan became a monk at Glastonbury Abbey. He was a benefactor of Ramsey Abbey and a supporter of the Benedictine reform movement which began in the reign of King Edgar.

paragraph: He was the first husband of Ælfthryth who married King Edgar after Æthelwald's death. William of Malmesbury's "Gesta regum anglorum" has a late account of Æthelwald's marriage and death. According to William, the beauty of Ordgar's daughter Ælfthryth was reported to King Edgar. Edgar, looking for a Queen, sent Æthelwald to see Ælfthryth, ordering him "to offer her marriage [to Edgar] if her beauty were really equal to report." When she turned out to be just as beautiful as was said, Æthelwald married her himself and reported back to Edgar that she was quite unsuitable. Edgar was eventually told of this deception, and decided to repay Æthelwald's betrayal in like manner. He said that he would visit the poor woman, which alarmed Æthelwald. He asked Ælfthryth to make herself as unattractive as possible for the king's visit, but she did the opposite. Edgar, quite besotted with her, killed Æthelwald during a hunt.

paragraph: Edward Augustus Freeman debunks the Æthelwald murder story as a "tissue of romance" in his "Historic essays", but his arguments were in turn refuted by the naturalist William Henry Hudson in his 1920 book "Dead Man's Plack and an Old Thorn".

paragraph: Æthelwald was seemingly dead by 962 as he ceases to witness charters at that time. He was buried at Ramsey Abbey. His younger brother Æthelwine succeeded to his offices.

paragraph: A memorial to Æthelwald, known as the Dead Man's Plack, was erected in Longparish, Hampshire in 1825.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henson, Donald, "A Guide to Late Anglo-Saxon England: From Ælfred to Eadgar II." Hockwold-cum-Wilton: Anglo-Saxon Books, 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Higham, Nick, "The Death of Anglo-Saxon England." Stroud: Sutton, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miller, Sean, "Æthelstan Half-King" in Michael Lapidge, et al. (eds), "The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England." Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stafford, Pauline, "Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries." London: Edward Arnold, 1989.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William of Malmesbury, "The Kings before the Norman Conquest," trans. Joseph Stevenson. Reprinted Llanerch, 1989.

description: Ealdorman of East Anglia

wikidata_label: Æthelwald, Ealdorman of East Anglia

wikipedia_title: Æthelwald, Ealdorman of East Anglia


text:
Spanish
bishop of Barcelona
canon
Vic
archdeacon
Barcelona
Saint Lucy
James II of Aragon
kingdom of Murcia
ambassador
French
Saint Raymond of Peñafort
Immaculate Conception
Disputation of Barcelona
James I of Aragon
censorship
Talmud
Raymond de Peñafort
Ramón Martí
mausoleum
Cathedral of Barcelona
Episcopologi de la catedral

categories: Spanish diplomats,Year of birth missing,13th-century Roman Catholic bishops,Bishops of Barcelona,Burials at the Cathedral of Santa Eulalia

paragraph: Arnau de Gurb

paragraph: Arnau de Gurb (in Spanish, "Arnoldo de Guerbo") was bishop of Barcelona from 1252 to 1284. He had served as a canon at the cathedral of Vic and later as primary archdeacon in Barcelona. As bishop, he expanded the episcopal palace, and built the Chapel of Santa Llúcia (Saint Lucy) in the cathedral of Barcelona. With James II of Aragon, he participated in the conquest of the kingdom of Murcia. He served as ambassador to the French court. He was close with Saint Raymond of Peñafort and promoted the cult of the Immaculate Conception.

paragraph: He participated in the Disputation of Barcelona. James I of Aragon had appointed a censorship commission to remove the passages deemed offensive from the Talmud. It consisted of De Gurb, Raymond de Peñafort, and the Dominicans Arnoldo de Segarra, Pedro de Janua and Ramón Martí (author of "Pugio Fidei").

paragraph: His body rests in a mausoleum in the Chapel of Santa Llúcia in the Cathedral of Barcelona.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Episcopologi de la catedral

description: bishop of Barcelona and diplomat

wikidata_label: Arnau de Gurb

wikipedia_title: Arnau de Gurb


text: artist

text: Toluca

text: State of Mexico

text: Cosmovitral

text: Aratmósfera

text: land art

text: Parkinson's disease

text: Tenancingo, State of Mexico

text: Van Gogh

text: Michelangelo

text: Rembrandt

text: Palacio de Bellas Artes

text: Mexico City Olympics

text: Gulf of Mexico

text: Centre Georges Pompidou

text: Mexico City

text: Centro Cultural Mexiquense

text: Big Bang theory

text: Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación

text: Luis Nishizawa

text: Rafael Cauduro

text: Ismael Ramos

text: Cosmovitral

text: Porfirio Díaz

text: botanical garden

text: land art

text: Nevado de Toluca

text: Salón de la Plástica Mexicana

text: Raquel Tibol

text: Antonio Rodriguez

text: Berta Taracena

text: Mexican muralism

text: David Alfaro Siqueiros

text: José Saramago

categories: Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda" alumni,1934 births,2016 deaths,21st-century Mexican painters,20th-century Mexican painters

paragraph: Leopoldo Flores

paragraph: Leopoldo Flores (1934 – April 3, 2016) was a Mexican artist mostly known for his murals and other monumental works which are concentrated in the city of Toluca, State of Mexico. He was born into a poor family in rural State of Mexico, but his artistic ability was evident early and he was able to attend the Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda" and receive a scholarship to study in Paris. His best known works are the "Cosmovitral" a large work in stained glass and the "Aratmósfera", a “land art” piece both located in Toluca. The first is used as a symbol for the State of Mexico and the latter dominates the main stadium and the hill behind it at the main campus of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM). He received a number of recognitions of his work from the State of Mexico and an honorary doctorate from the UAEM, which also founded the Museo Universitario Leopoldo Flores to house and promote his work. Despite advanced Parkinson's disease, until his death Flores was still an active artist.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Leopoldo Flores, full name Leopoldo Flores Valdés, was born to a poor family in 1934 in the small town of San Simonito de los Comales in the municipality of Tenancingo, State of Mexico, Mexico.

paragraph: His talent for art was evident in his youth, studying at Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda" from 1953 to 1960. In 1962, he received a scholarship to attend the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. This experience exposed him to more artistic influences and allowed him to participate in collective exhibitions in Europe.

paragraph: His career spanned from the early 1960s to his death in 2016. He returned to Paris to paint on several occasions, with the last being in the 1980s when he did a series of self-portraits including those which likened him to Van Gogh, Michelangelo and Rembrandt .

paragraph: He was married to Dolores Almada.

paragraph: Flores was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2000, which he documented in a self-portrait named "Hombre con temblor en la mano izquierda" ("Man with shaking in the left hand"). He went to Cuba to receive treatment. Despite its advanced stage and concerns about his health, he continued to work.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Since 1960, Flores exhibited his work both in Mexico and abroad. From 1962 to 1968, most of these exhibits were collective, including at the Palacio de Bellas Artes during the Festival Solar of the Mexico City Olympics in 1968. From 1970 to 1971 he coordinated the “Plastica 70” exhibition and exhibited at the Sala de Arte Moderno of the Casa de Cultura of Toluca. The most recent individual exhibitions of his art were Génesis de tormenta and Apuntes de taller, both held at the Museo Universitario Leopoldo Flores in Toluca. Genesis contains thirty abstract acrylics in small format focused on the pollution called by oil drilling in the Gulf of Mexico . Apuntes was a retrospective which contained 320 drawings, many never exhibited before, as well as photographs by Carlos Hahn.

paragraph: One of Flores first major successes was in 1969 with the creation of “pancarta” murals, which consisted of the placement of large pieces of fabric over the exterior of buildings. Examples of works of this type include Retorno de la gran manada and Desembardo de los marines, which were places at Plaza Beau-bourg of the Centre Georges Pompidou and the vestibule of the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City . In 1972 he also created a pancarta mural for an exhibition over the Hidalgo Market in Toluca. In addition to this movement he also headed a movement called Arte Abierto in 1976, along with working as a promoter of the fine arts for the State of Mexico in 1969.

paragraph: Flores is best known for his monumental works, especially murals, most of which are located in the city of Toluca. Early murals include "El hombre contemporáneo" at the Hotel Plaza Morelos (1971), "El hombre comtemplando al hombre" at the Palacio de Poder Legislativo (1972-1983) and "Alianza de las culturas" at the Alianza Franciasa de Toluca building (1985) . Others include "El Hombre Universal" at the Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales at UAEM (1989), and "En búsqueda de la justicia" at the Procuraduría General de Justicia (1991-1992) . From 2001 to 2002 he created "De qué color es el Principio" at the Colegio Mexiquense, and in 2002 worked on "Periplo plástico" at the Museo de Arte Moderno of the Centro Cultural Mexiquense . The latter mural is filled with symbols such as exploding light for the Big Bang theory, along with the appearance of man and manifestations of art. In 2004 he created the "La Cátedra de la Justicia" at the Escuela de Judicial del Estado de México in only two months. In 2006 he created the mural "Justicia Supremo Poder" for the Palacio de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación in Mexico City. It was created in Toluca and transferred to the court building in 2007. It is located in the northeast corner of the main stairs, with a size of about 300m2 in three levels, sharing space with works by Luis Nishizawa, Rafael Cauduro and Ismael Ramos . From 2009 to 2010 he created a mural for the State of Mexico placed at the Palacio del Gobierno in Toluca, about the Bicentennial of Mexico’s Independence and Centennial of the Mexican Revolution.

paragraph: However, his two best known works are located in the city of Toluca, the Cosmovitral, which today serves as an important identity marker for the State of Mexico and Aratmósfera. The Cosmovitral was a renovation of an old Porfirio Díaz era market. The interior was turned into a botanical garden and the windows were replaced by large glass murals with 48 panels which cover an area of 3,200 m2. Inaugurated in 1980, the theme of the work is the opposition of day and night, woman and man, and good and bad. The glass work used about 75 tons of metal substructure, 45 tons of blown glass and 25 tons of lead solder. The Cosmovitral was named in 2007 as one of thirteen wonders of Mexico and in 2008 it received the Excelsis prize from the Global Quality Foundation.

paragraph: "Aratmósfera" covers an area of over part of a small mountain, Cerro de Coatepec, and into the stands of the Estadio Universitario Alberto Chivo Córdoba, the university stadium on the Ciudad Universitaria campus of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. As the hill itself is part of the work ,it is a type of “land art”, and Flores was the first in Mexico to employ the technique. The theme of the work is the birth of light, represented by man, which emerges from the earth and rises, looking and reaching for the sky. Although it has been restored twice since its creation between 1974 and 1978, it has problems with deterioration.

paragraph: In addition to mural work, other monumental pieces include a sculpture called "Tocando el Sol" (Touching the Sun) found at the main administration building of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. In 1992, he experimented with painting over snow on the sides of the Nevado de Toluca volcano.

paragraph: His recognitions include the Meztli Award in 1964, the Acquisition Prize in Painting from INBA in 1968, the José María Velasco Award from the State of Mexico in 1984, an honorary doctorate from the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México in 2007 and the Gran Orden de la Reforma from the State of Mexico in 2007. He was also a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana.

paragraph: Section::::Artistry.

paragraph: Although best known for murals and other monumental works, Flores also worked with various media, techniques and sizes. Traditional media include oils, acrylics, watercolors and ink in small and medium-sized formats as well as monumental. More unusual media and materials have included cloth, rock, plaster, glass, wood, snow, vegetation, paper and cardboard. One collection is a series of ink drawings on paper napkins, which belongs to the Máxima Casa de Estudios. "El Minotauro" is painted over live rock at the Museo Universitario. Colors that frequently appear in his work include reds, yellows, ochre, grays, blues and black.

paragraph: His work has been featured in writings by notable Mexican art critics including Raquel Tibol, Antonio Rodriguez and Berta Taracena . He considered his work to be a continuance of Mexican muralism, and he has been described as a “disciple” of David Alfaro Siqueiros . He is an important figure in Mexican art of the latter 20th century, but his work is neither decorative nor didactic. Rather it focuses on timeless conflicts of the human race. Social problems his work has tackled include violence and consumption. Notable works of this type include "Cien Hecatombes" (1972), "A la opinion pública" (1973), "El Hielo de Ariadna" (1983) and a series of Christ figures (1994) . His work is mostly figurative, with images of men and nature. When women appear, they usually accompany men. One of his influences include the writings of José Saramago, who he had the chance to meet.

paragraph: Section::::Museo Universitario Leopoldo Flores.

paragraph: In the early 2000s the artist donated a collection of his works to the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, which opened the Museo Universitario Leopoldo Flores in 2002, which the purpose of promoting, investigating and recording the artist’s work. (http://www.uaemex.mx/muslf/) The museum was opened in 2002, in a building constructed for the purpose at the Ciudad Universitaria, with Flores participating in the design. It contains a collection of portable murals, large paintings, drawings and sculptures donated by the artist. Among these works are "El hijo de Ariadna" and "Los cristos".

paragraph: It has six halls for temporary exhibitions, a library, photographic collection, bookstore, cafeteria and first aid station. He had a workshop in the museum similar to the one in his home. In addition to the permanent collection, the museum also holds temporary exhibits by contemporary artists along with guided tours, concerts, conferences, book presentations and workshops.

description: Mexican artist

wikidata_label: Leopoldo Flores

wikipedia_title: Leopoldo Flores


text:
Queen Elizabeth I of England
converso
New Christian
Shylock
Shakespeare
The Merchant of Venice
University of Coimbra
Portuguese Inquisition
secretly practising Judaism
Church of England
St Bartholomew's Hospital
Earl of Leicester
Sir Francis Walsingham
Earl of Essex
high treason
hanged, drawn and quartered
Jesus Christ
death warrant
King John III of Portugal
under coercion
converso
New Christian
University of Coimbra
BA
MA
Portuguese Inquisition
Crypto-Jew
marrano
Judaism
Church of England
St Bartholomew's Hospital
Smithfield
William Clowes
then illegal in England
St Bartholomew-the-Less
Holborn
Antwerp
Venice
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
principal secretary
Sir Francis Walsingham
Queen Elizabeth I of England
aniseed
sumac
tithe
Worcestershire
Bishop of Worcester
Edmund Freke
Gabriel Harvey
Dom António, Prior of Crato
Windsor Castle
Don Bernardino de Mendoza
Winchester College
favourite
Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex
Antonio Pérez
venereal diseases
King Philip II of Spain
Lord High Treasurer
Lord Burghley
Spanish Netherlands
Anthony Bacon
Tower of London
synagogue
William Wade
Guildhall
Sir Edward Coke
Judas
high treason
death warrant
hanged, drawn and quartered
Tyburn
William Camden
Jesus Christ
attainder
Count Gondomar
King Philip III of Spain
William Shakespeare
The Merchant of Venice
Shylock
Christopher Marlowe
The Jew of Malta
Doctor Faustus

categories: Antisemitic attacks and incidents,Portuguese emigrants to England,English people of Portuguese-Jewish descent,Medieval Jewish physicians of England,Executed English people,People of the Elizabethan era,Spanish spies,16th-century Portuguese people,1517 births,Converts to Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism,16th-century English medical doctors,Jewish refugees,Portuguese people executed abroad,1594 deaths,People executed under Elizabeth I of England by hanging, drawing and quartering,Former Roman Catholics,Sephardi Jews,16th-century Jewish physicians,Spanish and Portuguese Jews,16th-century Portuguese physicians,Executed Portuguese people,English Jews of the Medieval and Tudor period,16th-century Anglicans

paragraph: Roderigo Lopez

paragraph: Roderigo Lopez (also called Ruy Lopes, Ruy Lopez or Roger Lopez; c. 1517 – 7 June 1594) served as physician-in-chief to Queen Elizabeth I of England from 1581 until his death by execution, having been found guilty of plotting to poison her. A Portuguese "converso" or New Christian of Jewish ancestry, he is the only royal doctor in English history to have been executed, and may have inspired the character of Shylock in Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice", which was written within four years of his death.

paragraph: The son of a Portuguese royal physician of Jewish descent, Lopez was raised a Catholic and educated at the University of Coimbra. Amid the Portuguese Inquisition he was accused of secretly practising Judaism, and compelled to leave the country. He settled in London in 1559, joined the Church of England and became house physician at St Bartholomew's Hospital. Gaining a reputation as a careful and skilled physician, he acquired several powerful clients, including the Earl of Leicester and Sir Francis Walsingham, and eventually the Queen of England herself.

paragraph: The Earl of Essex accused Lopez of conspiring to poison the Queen in January 1594. Insisting on his innocence, the doctor was convicted of high treason in February and hanged, drawn and quartered in June, reportedly after averring from the scaffold that "he loved the Queen as well as he loved Jesus Christ"—a statement that, from a man of Jewish background, prompted mocking laughter from the crowd. Elizabeth's three-month delay signing Lopez's death warrant is sometimes interpreted as evidence that she doubted the case against him. In any case she returned almost all of his estate to his widow and children.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and family.

paragraph: Roderigo (or Rodrigo) Lopez was born into a family of Jewish origin in Portugal around 1517. His father, António Lopes, was physician to King John III of Portugal, and had been baptised into the Roman Catholic Church under coercion in 1497. Lopez was baptised and raised in the Catholic faith as a "converso" or New Christian, and educated at the University of Coimbra. He received a BA degree under the name Ruy Lopes on 7 February 1540, then an MA on 4 December 1541; he enrolled for a medical course on 23 December that year. Records do not survive regarding his doctorate, but according to his biographer Edgar Samuel it is probable that he received it in 1544.

paragraph: Amid the Portuguese Inquisition, Lopez was alleged to be a Crypto-Jew or "marrano"—one of Jewish descent who professed the Christian faith, but secretly adhered to the Judaism of his ancestors—and was compelled to leave Portugal. He settled in England in 1559, anglicising his first name as "Roger", and successfully resumed his practice as a doctor in London. He joined the Church of England. He soon became the house physician at St Bartholomew's Hospital in Smithfield. A colleague there, the surgeon William Clowes, noted in 1591 that "Lopez showed himself to be both careful and very skilful ... in his counsel in dieting, purging and bleeding."

paragraph: Around 1563 Lopez married Sarah Anes (b. 1550), the eldest daughter of another New Christian refugee from the Portuguese Inquisition, the merchant Dunstan Anes, who had settled in London in 1540. According to Samuel, both the Anes and Lopez households secretly practised Judaism, which was then illegal in England, while outwardly conforming as Anglicans. Other scholars are ambivalent on the matter; Lopez would always insist that he was a Christian. Roderigo and Sarah had four sons and two daughters, of whom at least the eldest five—Ellyn (Elinor), Ambrose, Douglas, William and Ann—were baptised within the hospital precincts at St Bartholomew-the-Less between 1564 and 1579. Lopez's brother Lewis lived with them in Holborn; a second brother, Diego Lopes Aleman, became a merchant in Antwerp and Venice.

paragraph: Section::::Royal physician.

paragraph: Lopez developed a large practice among powerful people, including Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester and the principal secretary Sir Francis Walsingham, and in 1581 he was made physician-in-chief to Queen Elizabeth I of England and her household, with a life pension of £50 per year. In June 1584, Elizabeth granted him a monopoly on the importation of aniseed and sumac to England for ten years; this was renewed in January 1593. In 1588 he was given land and tithes in Worcestershire belonging to the Bishop of Worcester Edmund Freke. Gabriel Harvey, an English scholar of the era, remarked on Lopez's rise on the title page of a book he owned, "Judaeorum Medicastrorum calumnias":Doctor Lopus, the Queenes physitian, is descended of Jewes: but himselfe A Christian, & Portugall. He none of the learnedest, or expertest physitians in ye Court: but one, that maketh as great account of himself, as the best: & by a kind of Jewish practis, hath growen to much wealth, & sum reputation: aswell with ye Queen herselfe as with sum of ye greatest Lordes, & Ladyes.

paragraph: There were sections of English society at the time that believed there to be a plot, orchestrated by Catholics and carried out by Jewish physicians, to poison patients. "Converso" doctors in Iberia were similarly often accused of murdering their patients or attempting to poison them. In 1584, an anonymous Catholic pamphlet denouncing the Earl of Leicester suggested that "Lopez the Jewe" was one of the earl's agents "for poysoning & for the arte of destroying children in women's bellies".

paragraph: Fluent in five languages, Lopez was involved in diplomatic intrigue, as many Christians of Jewish origin were at this time. Amid England's war with Spain in the 1580s, Lopez became an important member of a circle of Portuguese exiles in England, and the Queen's intermediary with the Portuguese pretender Dom António, Prior of Crato, who was staying near Windsor Castle. Lopez supported Dom António, but in 1586 one of the pretender's entourage, António da Veiga, wrote to the Spanish Ambassador in Paris, Don Bernardino de Mendoza, claiming that he could persuade Lopez to poison Dom António. The Spanish did not act on this idea.

paragraph: In 1590, Lopez approached Mendoza, possibly on Walsingham's behalf, with the intention of opening peace negotiations. The Spanish gave Manuel de Andrada, Lopez's intermediary, a jewelled ring worth £100 as a gift for Lopez's daughter. After Walsingham's death in 1591, Lopez continued exchanging letters with Spanish officials without the English government's knowledge or authority. There is no surviving evidence to suggest that Lopez conspired against England or Elizabeth personally, but these Spanish connections would come back to punish him—according to Samuel, "Lopez had acted stupidly and dishonestly".

paragraph: Section::::Trial and execution.

paragraph: By the early 1590s, Lopez was wealthy and generally respected. He owned a comfortable house in Holborn and had his youngest son Anthony enrolled at Winchester College. He incurred the fury of one of his former patients, Queen Elizabeth's favourite Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, when he described to Dom António and the Spanish statesman Antonio Pérez occasions on which he had treated Essex for venereal diseases. Learning of this from Pérez, Essex began to assemble evidence implicating Lopez as some sort of fifth columnist in the pay of King Philip II of Spain. The Lord High Treasurer Lord Burghley initially thought Essex's allegations against Lopez absurd. The Queen herself also rebuked Essex.

paragraph: Late in 1593, Essex discovered a secret correspondence between Estevão Ferreira da Gama, one of Dom António's former supporters, and officials in the Spanish Netherlands—and had a messenger, Manuel Luis Tinoco, arrested. Lopez's courier Gomez d'Avila, a London-based Portuguese New Christian, was also arrested. Both implicated Lopez during interrogation. On 28 January 1594 Essex wrote to Anthony Bacon of "a most dangerous and desperate treason", the target of which was Queen Elizabeth: "The executioner should have been Dr Lopus. The manner by poison." Parallels were drawn with a letter written by Andrada to Burghley in 1591, in which reference was made to a plot whereby the King of Spain would deploy "three Portuguese to kill her Majesty and three more to kill the King of France". Tinoco was tortured and Ferreira da Gama threatened with torture until they confessed along the lines Essex suspected; Ferreira da Gama, asked if Lopez might have been willing to poison the Queen, replied in the affirmative. Lopez was arrested and held first at Essex House, then the Tower of London. He confessed when threatened with torture, but promptly recanted this statement.

paragraph: Revelations regarding Lopez's secret correspondence with Spanish officials did not help his case, particularly when it emerged that he had given the Spanish information about the English court and apparently donated money to a secret synagogue in Antwerp. Burghley and the spymaster William Wade were soon "ready to believe the worst", to quote Samuel. Lopez, Ferreira da Gama and Tinoco were tried by a commission headed by Essex at Guildhall on 28 February 1594. Lopez insisted that he was innocent. The prosecutor, Sir Edward Coke, denounced the doctor as "a perjured, murdering villain and a Jewish doctor worse than Judas himself ... [not] a new Christian ... [but] a very Jew". The three were convicted of high treason and sentenced to death.

paragraph: The Queen waited over three months before signing the death warrant; this delay is sometimes interpreted as evidence that the Queen doubted the case against her doctor. Lopez, Ferreira da Gama and Tinoco were hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn on 7 June 1594. Lopez insisted to the end that he was innocent and that his professed Christian faith was genuine. He fell into a state of depression, but on the scaffold gathered his resolve and, according to the 16th-century historian William Camden, declared that "he loved the Queen as well as he loved Jesus Christ". The crowd roared with derision and laughter, taking this, from a man of Jewish background, for a thinly veiled confession.

paragraph: Lopez's property was forfeited on his attainder. His widow Sarah petitioned the Queen to be allowed to keep his estate; the Queen kept the ring given to Lopez's daughter by the Spanish, but returned the rest. Elizabeth also granted £30 per year to Anthony Lopez to support him at Winchester. A letter written by the Spanish diplomat Count Gondomar to King Philip III of Spain a decade after the trial seems to indicate that Lopez and Ferreira da Gama had been unjustly convicted, and that there had been no plot involving the Portuguese doctor: "the King our master [Philip II] had never conceived nor approved such measures ... the Count of Fuentes neither received nor gave such an order, moreover it is understood that Dr Lopez never passed through his thoughts, because he was a friend of the Queen and a bad Christian." Lopez remains the only royal physician executed in English history.

paragraph: Section::::Possible literary legacy.

paragraph: Some historians and literary critics consider Lopez and his trial to have been an influence on William Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" (written c. 1596–98), specifically as a prototype for the play's principal antagonist Shylock, a Venetian Jewish moneylender who hates Christians. The Lopez case prompted a revival of Christopher Marlowe's play "The Jew of Malta" (c. 1589–90), which according to Elizabeth Lane Furdell began rehearsals in London the same day Lopez was taken to Essex House. In Marlowe's "Doctor Faustus" (c. 1592), there is a mention of Lopez—probably added after Marlowe's death in 1593—comparing him to the title character. It reads: "Doctor Lopus was never such a doctor!"

alias:
Lopez
Roderigo Lopez

description: 16th century physician

wikidata_label: Roderigo López

wikipedia_title: Roderigo Lopez


text:
Catalan
sculptor
Baroque
sculptors
studio
Pere Serra
Domènec Rovira
suit
guild
Charles II of Spain
Cathedral of Barcelona
Barcelona
Lleida
Imagen de La Asunción de la Virgen

categories: Year of birth missing,Year of death missing,Catalan sculptors

paragraph: Francesc Santacruz i Artigas

paragraph: Francesc Santacruz i Artigas was a Catalan sculptor of Baroque works. He was active between 1665 and 1721. From a family of sculptors, he worked in the studio of Pere Serra, which he entered in 1665. It is known that, with Domènec Rovira, he participated in the legal suit that demanded that a separate guild for sculptors be formed, and in 1680 Charles II of Spain allowed the creation of the "Cofradía de los Santos Mártires escultores", which allowed sculptors to freely receive commissions for their works and expenses.

paragraph: Section::::Known works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Altarpiece of Saint Severus" (Sant Sever, San Severo). Cathedral of Barcelona.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Nacimiento". Principal facade of the church of Betlem. 1690 Barcelona.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Niño Jesús". Facade of la Rambla of the church of Betlem. 1690 Barcelona

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Asunción de la Virgen" Polychrome. Museu Diocesà de Lleida

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imagen de La Asunción de la Virgen

description: Spanish artist

wikidata_label: Francesc Santacruz i Artigas

wikipedia_title: Francesc Santacruz i Artigas


text:
professional baseball
relief pitcher
Major League Baseball
Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions
Chinese Professional Baseball League
Minor League Baseball
Clearwater Threshers
Memphis, Tennessee
San Francisco Giants
1992 Major League Baseball Draft
bullpen
Texas Rangers
earned run average
Minnesota Twins
Philadelphia Phillies
Cleveland Indians
designated for assignment
Detroit Tigers
Colorado Rockies
Somerset Patriots
independent
Atlantic League
Bridgeport Bluefish
Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions
Taiwan
CPBL
Florida State League
Newark Bears

categories: San Jose Giants players,Cleveland Indians players,Toledo Mud Hens players,Sportspeople from Memphis, Tennessee,Tulsa Drillers players,Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions players,Rochester Red Wings players,Philadelphia Phillies players,San Francisco Giants players,1973 births,Somerset Patriots players,Texas Rangers players,Oklahoma RedHawks players,Arizona League Giants players,Minnesota Twins players,Fort Wayne Wizards players,American expatriate baseball players in Taiwan,Águilas Cibaeñas players,Akron Aeros players,Fresno Grizzlies players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Frisco RoughRiders players,Baseball players from Tennessee,Living people,Newark Bears players,Shreveport Captains players

paragraph: Aaron Fultz

paragraph: Richard Aaron Fultz (born September 4, 1973), is a former professional baseball relief pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB), in all or part of 7 seasons, for 5 big league teams. He also spent the season with the Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions, of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). Fultz is currently the pitching coach for the Minor League Baseball (MiLB) Clearwater Threshers, in the Phillies organization.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:Playing career.

paragraph: Fultz was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Drafted by the San Francisco Giants in the 6th round of the 1992 Major League Baseball Draft, he spent the first three seasons of his Major League career with them (–), compiling a 10-5 record in 167 games played (181.2 innings pitched). From there, he began his career as a journeyman pitcher, trying to find his niche out of someone's bullpen. For the Texas Rangers (), he had little success, with only a 1-3 record and an earned run average just above 5.00. His next stop was the Minnesota Twins, for whom he had a .500 record (3-3), but an ERA still above 5.00. In the season, he settled into his role as the left-handed specialist in the bullpen of the Philadelphia Phillies and promptly proceeded to toss career numbers, posting a 4-0 record and an ERA of 2.24. Fultz was then re-signed by Philadelphia to a one-year contract for the season.

paragraph: Fultz was signed by the Cleveland Indians to a one-year contract before the season. The contract also included a club option for . Fultz worked as a left-handed specialist in 2007, appearing in 49 games and going 4-3 with a 2.92 ERA.

paragraph: Before the 2008 season, Fultz's club option was picked up by the Indians. Yet on March 24, 2008, it was announced that Fultz would not be making the team after a poor spring. He put up an 11.88 ERA in seven games and gave 14 runs on 16 hits in 8 innings. The following day, Fultz was designated for assignment and was released on March 28.

paragraph: On March 29, 2008, Fultz signed a minor league contract with the Detroit Tigers, but asked to be released by the team less than 3 weeks after signing the contract because he wasn't called up to the team.

paragraph: On May 6, 2008, Fultz signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies but was released in June. He subsequently signed with the Somerset Patriots of the independent Atlantic League. On July 20, Fultz made a start for the Patriots against the Bridgeport Bluefish and allowed 5 runs in the 1st inning. He settled down in the following innings allowing just 1 run in the 4th but was saddled with the loss. On September 9, 2008, Fultz's contract was purchased by Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions of Taiwan's CPBL.

paragraph: On December 21, 2008, the Cincinnati Reds signed Fultz to a minor league contract. Aaron was then released from said contract on March 23, 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Professional baseball.:Coaching Career.

paragraph: Fultz is currently the pitching coach for the Clearwater Threshers, the Philadelphia Phillies affiliate in the Class A Florida State League

paragraph: Section::::Newark Bears.

paragraph: On May 21, 2009 Fultz Signed With The Newark Bears Organization. He retired from professional baseball on June 6, 2009.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Aaron Fultz

wikipedia_title: Aaron Fultz


text: yakusha-e

text: kabuki

text: bijin-ga

text: Richard Lane

text: Sharaku

text: Toyokuni

text: Lane, Richard

text: OCLC 5246796

text: Art site

paragraph: Utagawa Kunimasa

paragraph: Kunimasa is especially known for his "yakusha-e" portrait prints of kabuki actors, and for his "bijin-ga" pictures of beautiful women. Richard Lane described his style as striving to "combine the intensity of Sharaku with the decorative pageantry of his master Toyokuni". Those who make such comparison often say he failed to achieve the level of Sharaku's intensity.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lane, Richard. (1978). "Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print". Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 5246796

paragraph: BULLET::::- Morse, Anne Nishimura (1985). "Utagawa Kunimasa". Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Museum: Utagawa Kunimasa, The actor Ichikawa Ebizō in a shibaraku role, a colour woodblock print

paragraph: BULLET::::- Art site

alias:
Jinsuke
Ichijusai
Kunimasa Utagawa

description: Japanese artist

wikidata_label: Utagawa Kunimasa

wikipedia_title: Utagawa Kunimasa


text:
IAST
Satavahana Empire
Deccan
Purana
Nashik
prashasti
eulogy
Shaka
Brahmanda Purana
Purana
Bhagavata
Matsya
Vishnu
IAST
Vayu Purana
Cave No.3
Pandavleni Caves
Nashik
Vasishthiputra Pulumavi
matriarchy
matrilineal descent
Western Kshatrapa
Shakas
Shakas
Western Kshatrapas
Pahlavas
Indo-Parthians
Yavana
Indo-Greeks
Nashik
prashasti
Nasik Caves
circle
Malwa
Saurashtra
Krishna river
Konkan
Vidarbha
Godavari
Ashmaka
Paithan
Aparanta
Konkan
Anupa
Mahishmati
Narmada
Vidarbha
Avanti
Malwa
Rajputana
Alexander Cunningham
Gurjara
Madhya Pradesh
Vindhyas
Vindhyāvat
Pāriyātra
Sahya
Malaya
Eastern Ghats
Telangana
Coastal Andhra
Karle
Pune district
Arabian Sea
Bay of Bengal
Indian Ocean
Cholas
Pandyas
Nahapana
Kshaharata
Rishabhadatta
chaitya
Ujjain
M. K. Dhavalikar
Matsya Purana
Vayu Purana
D. C. Sircar
V. V. Mirashi
D. R. Bhandarkar
R. G. Bhandarkar
Vasishthiputra Pulumavi
K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
H. C. Raychaudhuri
Kardamaka
Junagadh
Rudradaman I
Dakshinapatha
D. R. Bhandarkar
Dineshchandra Sircar
E. J. Rapson
Charles Higham
Shivaskanda
Pauni
Bhandara district
Brahmin
Brahmin
Kshatriya
Brahmanism
Rama
Keshava
Arjuna
Bhima
Nabhaga
Nahusha
Janamejaya
Sagara
Yayati
Ambarisha
Gautamiputra Satakarni
Telugu language
Krish
Nandamuri Balakrishna
Hema Malini
Shriya Saran
Shiva Rajkumar

paragraph: Gautamiputra Satakarni

paragraph: Gautamiputra Satakarni (IAST: ), also Gautamiputra Yajna Satakarni, was a ruler of the Satavahana Empire in present-day Deccan region of India. He ruled in the 2nd century CE, although his exact period uncertain. His reign is dated variously: 86-110 CE, c. 103-127 CE, or 106-130 CE.

paragraph: The information available about Gautamiputra Satakarni comes from his coins, the Satavahana inscriptions, and the royal genealogies in the various Puranas. The best known of these is the Nashik "prashasti" (eulogy) inscription of his mother Gautami Balashri, which credits him with extensive military conquests. Historical evidence suggests that Gautamiputra revived the Satavahana power after a decline caused by Shaka invasions.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestry.

paragraph: Except the "Brahmanda Purana", all the Puranas that contain the genealogy of Satavahana kings mention Gautamiputra. According to "Bhagavata", "Matsya" and "Vishnu" Puranas, his predecessor was Shivasvati (IAST: Śivasvāti). However, Shivasvati remains historically unattested: no coins or inscriptions issued by him have been discovered. The "Vayu Purana" names the predecessor of Gautamiputra as Shivasvami (IAST: Śivasvāmi). The "Brahmanada Purana" does not mention the name "Gautamiputra" at all; instead it names a king called "Yantramati", who ruled for 34 years, and was preceded by Svātisena.

paragraph: The mother of Gautamiputra Satakarni was Gautami Balashri (IAST: Gautami Bālaśri), as attested by "Nasik prashasti", an inscription found at Cave No.3 of the Pandavleni Caves in Nashik. The inscription is dated to the 19th regnal year of his son Vasishthiputra Pulumavi (or Pulumayi). It records the grant of a village to the Buddhist monks of the Bhadrayaniya sect.

paragraph: "Gautamiputra" literally means "son of Gautami", while Satakarni is a title common to several Satavahana kings. Such matronymics also appear in the names of other Satavahana kings, including Vasishthiputra Pulumavi ("Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi"). These do not indicate a matriarchy or a matrilineal descent system. The real explanation for matronymics seems to be that since the rulers married a number of wives from different royal families, a prince was best identified with reference to his mother.

paragraph: Section::::Military conquests.

paragraph: Historical evidence suggests that the Western Kshatrapas (known to the Satavahanas as Shakas) expanded their empire at the expense of Satavahanas in the years preceding the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni. Based on the Nashik inscription of his mother, it appears that Gautamiputra revived the Satavahana power. The inscription states that he defeated the Shakas (Western Kshatrapas), the Pahlavas (Indo-Parthians), and the Yavanas (Indo-Greeks). It also states that he emerged victorious in several fights against a confederacy of enemies.

paragraph: Section::::Military conquests.:Imperial extent according to "Nashik prashasti".

paragraph: The "Nashik prashasti" inscription of Gautamiputra's mother, located in the Nasik Caves, calls him the "king of kings", and states that his orders were obeyed by the circle of all kings. It indicates that his rule extended from Malwa and Saurashtra in the north to Krishna river in the south; and from Konkan in the west to Vidarbha (Berar) in the east. It states that he ruled the following regions:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Asika (area in Godavari valley)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aśmaka (Ashmaka in Godavari valley)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Muḍhaka or Mulaka (area around Paithan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Surāśtra (Saurashtra)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kukura

paragraph: BULLET::::- Aparanta (north Konkan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anupa (area around Mahishmati in Narmada valley)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vidarbha (Berar)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Akara-Avanti (eastern and western Malwa)

paragraph: The identity of "Kukura" is uncertain. R G Bhandarkar identified it with a part of Rajputana, while Alexander Cunningham identified it with Gurjara. Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya identified it with an area in Madhya Pradesh, possibly near the western part of the Vindhyas.

paragraph: The inscription also calls Gautamiputra the lord of following mountains:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vindhyāvat (part of Vindhyas)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pāriyātra (part of Vindhyas)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sahya (Western Ghats)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Krishnagiri (Kanhagiri)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malaya (southern portion of Western Ghats)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mahendra

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sreshtha-giri or Setagiri

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chakora

paragraph: Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya identifies Mahendra, Sreshtha-giri and Chakora with portions of Eastern Ghats. He, therefore, believes that Gautamiputra's empire included the Telangana and Coastal Andhra regions. M. Rama Rao also supports this theory on the basis of coins discovered in the eastern Deccan region. Although coins can travel via trade, Chattopadhyaya believes that the Nashik inscription corroborates this theory. However, there are no other records of Satavahana presence in the eastern Deccan region before the period of his son Vashishtiputra Pulumavi.

paragraph: An inscription at Karle records the grant of Karajika village (identified with a village in Pune district) by Gautamiputra, confirming that the Pune region was under his control.

paragraph: The "Nashik prashasti" inscription further states that the horses of Gautamiputra drank waters of the "three oceans" (the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean). This implies that Gautamiputra subdued the Cholas and the Pandyas in southern India. However, there is no historical evidence of this. One view is that this is just a conventional literary device: Gautamiputra's empire was not as extensive as the inscription claims. Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya speculates that Gautamiputra might have raided some territories in the South.

paragraph: According to American academic Carla M. Sinopoli, it is not clear if Gautamiputra actually had effective control over all the territories claimed as a part of his empire in the inscription. In any case, his military successes were short-lived.

paragraph: Section::::Military conquests.:Gautamiputra and Nahapana.

paragraph: Caves excavated by Gautamiputra Satakarni as well as the Western Kshatrapa king Nahapana are located at Nashik. The "Nashik prashasti" inscription states that Gautamiputra uprooted the Kshaharata (or Khagarata) family, to which Nahapana belonged. The Nashik inscription dated to the 18th year of Gautamiputra's reign states that he reaffirmed a grant of land to Buddhist monks living at the Triraśmi peak. This land was earlier in the possession of Nahapana's son-in-law Rishabhadatta (also known as Ushavadata), who had donated it to the monks.

paragraph: A hoard of Nahapana's coins, discovered at Jogalthambi in Nashik district, includes coins re-struck by Gautamiputra. These coins feature an arched chaitya (Buddhist shrine) and the "Ujjain symbol" (a cross with four circles at the end).

paragraph: Most historians now agree that Gautamiputra and Nahapana were contemporaries, and that Gautamiputra defeated Nahapana. M. K. Dhavalikar dates this event to c. 124 CE, which according to him, was the 18th regnal year of Gautamiputra. R.C.C. Fynes dates event to sometime after 71 CE.

paragraph: Section::::Last years.

paragraph: According to the "Matsya Purana" and the "Vayu Purana", Gautamiputra ruled for 21 years. However, an inscription dated to his 24th regnal year has been found at the Nashik cave. The inscription mentions his mother as "jiva-suta" ("having a living son"). D. C. Sircar interpreted this to mean that the king was ill, and the term "jiva-suta" was intended to assure the people that the king was alive, while his mother ran the administration. Shailendra Nath Sen also speculated that the king might have been assisted by his mother in administration because of his illness or military preoccupation. V. V. Mirashi dismissed Sircar's theory as "ridiculous", arguing that "jiva-suta" is an expression used in several ancient sources and simply emphasizes the good fortune of a woman. Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya also criticizes Sircar's interpretation, pointing out that the first line in the inscription refers to the king's order. He adds that "jiva-suta" is simply an "affectionate expression of a mother", and should not be over-analyzed.

paragraph: D. R. Bhandarkar and R. G. Bhandarkar believed that Gautamiputra and his son Vasishthiputra Pulumavi ruled jointly during the last years of his reign. This theory is based on their interpretations of the various Satavahana inscriptions. In "Nashik prashasti", Gautami Balashri calls herself the mother of the great king as well as the grandmother of the great king, indicating that both were kings at that time. There are also indications that Gautamiputra was alive, when this inscription was issued in the 19th regnal year of his son. Despite this, the inscription describes the achievements of Gautamiputra Satakarni, but remains silent about the exploits of his son. Based on these arguments, Bhandarkar speculated that Gautamiputra ruled eastern Deccan, while Vasishthiputra ruled western Deccan. This theory has been dismissed by several other scholars, including K. A. Nilakanta Sastri and H. C. Raychaudhuri. G.J. Dubreuil theorizes that the excavation of the cave (where this inscription was found) began during the reign of Gautamiputra. However, the work was finished only after his death, and the inscription was placed on his behalf by his mother, during the reign of his son. Bhandarkar's theory is further weakened by the fact that there is clear historical evidence of Gautamiputra's rule over western Deccan. Moreover, no inscriptions issued jointly by the father-son duo are available.

paragraph: It is possible that by the end of his reign, Gautamiputra lost some of his territory to the Kardamakas, a Western Kshatrapa dynasty that succeeded Nahapana's Kshaharata dynasty. The Junagadh inscription of the Kardamaka ruler Rudradaman I states that he defeated Satakarni, the lord of Dakshinapatha (Deccan), twice. It also states that he spared the life of the defeated ruler because of close relations. "Satakarni" is a title common to several Satavahana kings. According to D. R. Bhandarkar and Dineshchandra Sircar, the ruler defeated by Rudradaman was Gautamiputra Satakarni. However, E. J. Rapson believed that the defeated ruler was his son and successor Vasishthiputra Pulumavi. Shailendra Nath Sen and Charles Higham believe that the defeated ruler was Vashishtiputra's successor Shivaskanda or Shiva Sri Pulumayi (or Pulumavi).

paragraph: Section::::Administration.

paragraph: The location of Gautamiputra's capital is uncertain. In the Nashik inscription dated to his 18th regnal year, he is described as the "Lord of Benakataka". Carla M. Sinopoli identifies Benakataka as a place in the Nashik region. V. V. Mirashi identified it with Pauni in Bhandara district.

paragraph: The inscriptions of Gautamiputra Satakarni indicate that his empire was divided into units known as "āhāra"s. Each "āharā" was governed by an "amātya" or "amaca". Three types of settlements are named in the inscriptions: "nagara" (city), "nigama" (town) and "gama" (village).

paragraph: The "Nashik prashasti" inscription calls him "ekabrahmana". One interpretation of this word is "a peerless Brahmin" or "a staunch Brahmin", since the same inscription also states that he destroyed the haughtiness of the Kshatriyas. However, this term has also been interpreted differently as "the only protector of the Brahmins" or "a proud champion of Brahmanism". Nevertheless, the king also patronized Buddhist monks. According to one of his Nashik inscriptions, the monks were exempted from taxes and granted immunity from any interference by the royal officers.

paragraph: The "Nashik prashasti" also states that the king's joys and sorrows were same as those of his citizens. It claims that he did not like to destroy life, even that of the enemies who offended him. The edict compares him to legendary heroes such as Rama, Keshava, Arjuna, Bhimasena, Nabhaga, Nahusha, Janamejaya, Sagara, Yayati and Ambarisha.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: "Gautamiputra Satakarni", a Telugu language film directed by Krish and featuring Nandamuri Balakrishna in the titular role was released on 12 January 2017. The movie also featured Hema Malini, Shriya Saran and Kannada actor Shiva Rajkumar in a cameo role.

description: Emperor of Satvahana Empire

wikidata_label: Gautamiputra Satakarni

wikipedia_title: Gautamiputra Satakarni


text:
newspaper
Southern Netherlands
Belgium
copperplate
Nieuwe Tijdinghen
British Library
Thirty Years' War
Eighty Years' War
Abraham Catalogue of Belgian Newspapers
On Google Books

categories: Low Countries newspaper publishers, pre-1795 (people),17th-century newspaper publishers (people),1575 births

paragraph: Abraham Verhoeven

paragraph: Abraham Verhoeven (1575–1652) was the publisher of the first newspaper of the Southern Netherlands (now Belgium).

paragraph: In 1605 he got his license to print news of military victories in woodblock or copperplate. Thereafter he produced not only prints but also, with increasing frequency, illustrated news pamphlets. From early in 1620 he renewed his license in broader terms and began to print his news booklets as a single series. As a regularly printed news serial, this was the first newspaper of the Southern Netherlands. It was also the first regularly illustrated newspaper, and the first to print a headline on the front page. The newspaper had no consistent name or title masthead, and is known as the "Nieuwe Tijdinghen" (New Tidings), a retroactive designation given to it by historians and bibliographers. The British Library, however, catalogues its holdings of the series as "Antwerp Gazette".

paragraph: Publication of the "Nieuwe Tijdinghen" ceased in 1629, to be succeeded shortly thereafter by the "Wekelijcke Tijdinghen" (Weekly Tidings), an unillustrated paper with a reduced format that survived until 1632.

paragraph: Verhoeven's newspapers chronicle the first decade of the Thirty Years' War and of the second phase of the Eighty Years' War from a pro-Catholic and pro-Habsburg editorial perspective.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abraham Catalogue of Belgian Newspapers, an online database of Belgian historical newspapers in libraries and other heritage institutions in Flanders and Brussels, named after Abraham Verhoeven.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sommaire contenant ce qui s'est passé de plus memorable es guerres de Boheme" (Abraham Verhoeven, 1621), On Google Books.

description: Belgian newspaper publisher

wikidata_label: Abraham Verhoeven

wikipedia_title: Abraham Verhoeven