text: Mexican

text: luchador

text: enmascarado

text: professional wrestler

text: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

text: face

text: Diablo Velasco

text: ring name

text: Atlantis

text: Japan

text: Kung Fu

text: Villano III

text: Último Guerrero

text: La Sombra

text: Lucha films

text: Octagón

text: Diablo Velazco

text: ring persona

text: Atlantis

text: Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre

text: professional wrestling promotion

text: Jerry Estrada

text: Talismán

text: tag team

text: Ángel Azteca

text: Los Infernales

text: Masakre

text: Mexican National Tag Team Championship

text: Kung Fu

text: NWA World Middleweight Championship

text: middleweight division

text: Emilio Charles Jr.

text: Pierroth Jr.

text: Bestia Salvaje

text: storyline

text: heel

text: Octagón

text: Máscara Sagrada

text: Thundercats

text: Mexican National Trios Championship

text: Los Hermanos Dinamita

text: Cien Caras

text: Máscara Año 2000

text: Universo 2000

text: Asistencia Asesoría y Administración

text: Mano Negra

text: Lucha de Apuesta

text: CMLL's 60th Anniversary Show

text: Dr. Wagner Jr.

text: Light Heavyweight division

text: Gran Alternativa

text: Astro Rey Jr.

text: Rayo de Jalisco Jr.

text: CMLL World Tag Team Championship

text: The Headhunters

text: Lizmark

text: Gran Markus Jr.

text: El Hijo del Gladiador

text: Mr. Niebla

text: CMLL World Trios Championship

text: Rey Bucanero

text: El Satánico

text: Villano III

text: Villano IV

text: Villano V

text: Juicio Final

text: Wrestling Observer

text: Match of the Year

text: Black Warrior

text: Blue Panther

text: Fuerza Guerrera

text: Michinoku Pro

text: Tohoku Junior Heavyweight Championship

text: Dick Togo

text: The Great Sasuke

text: Los Guerreros del Infierno

text: Último Guerrero

text: face

text: International Gran Prix

text: Perro Aguayo Jr.

text: Leyenda de Plata

text: La Máscara

text: Gran Alternativa

text: Héctor Garza

text: Shocker

text: Místico

text: Negro Casas

text: Averno

text: Mephisto

text: El Hijo del Fantasma

text: El Texano Jr.

text: Guadalajara

text: Jalisco

text: Sin Salida

text: Máscara Dorada

text: Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles

text: Dragón Rojo Jr.

text: La Sombra

text: Máximo

text: parejas increibles

text: Olímpico

text: El Oriental

text: Histeria

text: El Alebrije

text: Volador Jr.

text: August 13 Super Viernes

text: CMLL 77th Anniversary Show

text: steel cage

text: WWA World Heavyweight Championship

text: Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increíbles

text: Delta

text: Guerrero Maya Jr.

text: Forjando un Ídolo

text: Chikara

text: Chuck Taylor

text: Johnny Gargano

text: Los Invasores

text: Psicosis

text: Sin Piead

text: Homenaje a Dos Leyendas

text: Mr. Águila

text: August 3 Super Viernes

text: Diamante Azul

text: El Terrible

text: Tama Tonga

text: Kraneo

text: Místico II

text: Fantastica Mania 2013

text: New Japan Pro Wrestling

text: Tokyo

text: Jushin Thunder Liger

text: Tiger Mask

text: Gedo

text: Jado

text: Euforia

text: IWGP Heavyweight Champion

text: Hiroshi Tanahashi

text: IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion

text: Prince Devitt

text: Kazuchika Okada

text: Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles

text: Valiente

text: Pólvora

text: Niebla Roja

text: Homenaje a Dos Leyendas

text: Hombre Bala Jr.

text: Gran Alternativa

text: Hombre Bala

text: Akuma

text: Taurus

text: Guerrero Negro Jr.

text: Arena Mexico 57th Anniversary Show

text: Boby Zavala

text: Rey Escorpión

text: Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles

text: 2014 Leyenda de Azul

text: CMLL 81st Anniversary Show

text: Fantastica Mania 2015

text: La Peste Negra

text: El Felino

text: Los Hijos del Infierno

text: Ephesto

text: Lucifierno

text: 2015 Universal Championship

text: Sin Piedad

text: Marco Corleone

text: Thunder

text: Fantastica Mania 2016

text: Los Ingobernables de Japon

text: Tetsuya Naito

text: Bushi

text: Evil

text: 2 times

text: CMLL World Tag Team Championship

text: 5 times

text: Rayo de Jalisco Jr.

text: Lizmark

text: Blue Panther

text: Último Guerrero

text: Diamante Azul

text: CMLL World Trios Championship

text: 4 times

text: Mr. Niebla

text: Black Warrior

text: Tarzan Boy

text: Negro Casas

text: 1 time

text: 1 time

text: Mexican National Tag Team Championship

text: 1 time

text: Ángel Azteca

text: Mexican National Trios Championship

text: 4 times

text: Octagón

text: Delta

text: Guerrero Maya Jr.

text: 1 time

text: NWA World Middleweight Championship

text: 3 times

text: Torneo Gran Alternativa

text: La Máscara

text: Forjando un Ídolo: Guerra Continúa

text: International Gran Prix

text: Leyenda de Azul

text: Leyenda de Plata

text: Euforia

text: Volador Jr.

text: Universal Championship

text: LLA Azteca Championship

text: 1 time

text: Michinoku Pro Wrestling

text: Tohoku Junior Heavyweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: Fukumen World League

text: New Japan Pro Wrestling

text: Fantastica Mania 2015 Tag Tournament

text: Máscara Dorada

text: Pro Wrestling Illustrated

text: PWI 500

text: World Wrestling Association

text: WWA Light Heavyweight Championship

text: 1 time

text: Wrestling Observer Newsletter

text: Match of the Year

text: Villano III

text: Mexico City

text: Online World of Wrestling profile

categories: Male actors from Jalisco,Mexican male professional wrestlers,Masked wrestlers,Unidentified wrestlers,Mexican male film actors,1962 births,Living people

paragraph: Atlantis (wrestler)

paragraph: Atlantis (born September 28, 1962) is a Mexican "luchador enmascarado" (masked professional wrestler), working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) where he performs as a "Técnico" (face or "good guy" character). Atlantis was trained by Diablo Velasco, made his in-ring debut in 1983 and has always wrestled under the ring name Atlantis, named after the sunken city of Atlantis. Atlantis has held a large number of professional wrestling championships over the years, both in Mexico and in Japan, both individually and as a tag team. He has also won the mask of several prominent wrestlers through his career including Kung Fu, Villano III, Último Guerrero and La Sombra.

paragraph: Atlantis earned the nickname "El idolo de los Niños" (the childrens idol) as he was always a favorite with the younger fans. He even retained the nickname when he worked as a "Rudo" (a wrestler who portrays the bad guy) for several years. Atlantis' real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. In the 1990s Atlantis starred in a couple of Lucha films, including one where he teamed up with Octagón called "Octagón y Atlantis, la revancha" ("Octagón and Atlantis, the rematch").

paragraph: Atlantis made his professional wrestling debut on June 12, 1983, after training under world-renowned Mexican wrestling trainer Diablo Velazco for just under a year. He adopted the masked ring persona of "Atlantis", a supposed warrior from the lost city of Atlantis, complete with a mask that had the image of two fish on it. After working for various Mexican promotions for the first year of his career Atlantis became a regular for Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL), Mexico's oldest professional wrestling promotion. On November 30, 1984, Atlantis defeated Jerry Estrada to win the Mexican National Middleweight Championship, the first wrestling title of his career. Atlantis held the Middleweight title for 457 days, with several high profile title defenses that helped establish the young wrestler's reputation for good matches. On March 2, 1986 Atlantis lost the Middleweight title to Talismán. By 1988 Atlantis had formed a regular tag team with Ángel Azteca and on March 6, 1988, the duo defeated Los Infernales (Masakre and MS-1 to win the Mexican National Tag Team Championship. Three months later Atlantis became a double champion when he defeated Kung Fu to win the NWA World Middleweight Championship, the highest championship in the middleweight division. Atlantis only held the title for 37 days before losing it to Emilio Charles Jr. in his first defense. He quickly regained the title, defeating Charles Jr. on July 20, 1988, and held it for two weeks before losing the title back to Emilio Charles Jr. On May 25, 1990, after an 811-day reign, Atlantis and Ángel Azteca lost the Mexican Nation Tag Team Championship to Pierroth Jr. and Bestia Salvaje. The loss of the title was used as a storyline motivation for Ángel Azteca turning "Rudo" (villain or heel by attacking Atlantis. The feud between the two continued off and on over the years until Ángel Azteca's death in 2007. The two fought in several intense and bloody battles, but remained close friends backstage.

paragraph: The feud with Ángel Azteca, coupled with a third run with the NWA World Middleweight title made Atlantis one of the rising stars in EMLL, and he was one of the key figures in the "rebranding" of the company to Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) in 1990. In 1991 Atlantis starred in a movie called "La Fuerza Bruta" ("The Brute Power") and soon after began filming another movie where he teamed up with Octagón called "Octagón y Atlantis, la revancha" ("Octagón and Atlantis, the revenge") that opened in 1992. On April 4, 1991, Atlantis, Octagón, and Máscara Sagrada, a team nicknamed "Los Movie Stars" defeated "Los Thundercats" (Leono, Panthro, and Tigro, a team of masked wrestlers patterned on the Thundercats cartoon) to win the Mexican National Trios Championship. The trio held the title for 94 days before losing it to Los Hermanos Dinamita (Cien Caras, Máscara Año 2000 and Universo 2000) on August 11, 1991. Not long after the title loss Octagón and Máscara Sagrada left CMLL for the recently formed Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) promotion, jumping ship before the "Atlantis y Octagón" movie opened in the theaters. Atlantis was also offered a contract by AAA but decided to stay with the company he ended up working for almost his entire career. On March 3, 1993, Atlantis lost the NWA World Middleweight title to Mano Negra, as part of a long-running storyline between the two. While Mano Negra won the championship, Atlantis gained the ultimate measure of revenge as he unmasked Mano Negro by defeating him in a "Lucha de Apuesta" (bet match) as the main event of CMLL's 60th Anniversary Show. On March 2, 1994, Atlantis defeated Dr. Wagner Jr. to win the CMLL World Light Heavyweight Championship, officially moving from the Middleweight to the Light Heavyweight division, a title he would hold for 655 days. In 1995 Atlantis brother made his wrestling debut as "Atlantico" and the two teamed up on a regular basis, including second annual "Gran Alternativa" tournament, losing to Dr. Wagner Jr. and Astro Rey Jr. in the second round. On November 3, 1995, Atlantis teamed with Rayo de Jalisco Jr. to win the CMLL World Tag Team Championship from The Headhunters. The team lost the tag team title in August 1996 but Atlantis and new partner Lizmark won the titles back from "La Ola Blanca" (Spanish for "the White Wave"; Gran Markus Jr. and El Hijo del Gladiador). Atlantis and Lizmark only held the title for 12 days before the titles were vacated following an inconclusive match with the Headhunters. Atlantis and Lizmark continued to team and were joined by Mr. Niebla in 1997 to form "La Ola Azur" ("The Blue Wave"), a reference to the fact that all three wrestlers mainly wore blue. "La Ola Azul" won the CMLL World Trios Championship from Rey Bucanero, Emilio Charles Jr. and El Satánico. "La Ola Azur" defended the title for over 500 days until October 1998 where an injury to Mr. Niebla forced the team to give up the title. On May 10, 1990, Atlantis defeated Dr. Wagner Jr. to become only the second man to ever hold the CMLL World Light Heavyweight Championship two times. Over the next 196 days Atlantis' CMLL World Light Heavyweight title defenses headlined several shows in Mexico City before he lost the title to Villano III on November 22, 1999. The title change was just one of the highlights of a long-running feud between Atlantis and Villano III, a feud that also included III's younger brothers Villano IV and Villano V. On March 17, 2000, at CMLL's "Juicio Final" event, Atlantis won his biggest "Apuesta" victory to date as he defeated and then unmasked Villano III in a match that was voted the Wrestling Observer 2000 Match of the Year. On June 16, 2002, Atlantis, Mr. Niebla, and Black Warrior defeated Blue Panther, Fuerza Guerrera and Dr. Wagner Jr. to win the CMLL World Trios title, a title the team held for 278 days. In 2003 Atlantis travelled to Japan, working for Michinoku Pro where he won the Tohoku Junior Heavyweight Championship from Dick Togo on August 26, 2003. Atlantis' tour of Michinoku Pro was so well received that he was allowed to retain the title when travelling back to Mexico and has been invited on annual tours with the promotion every year since then. On March 28, 2004, Atlantis lost the Michinoku Pro title to The Great Sasuke, returning the belt to Japan. On June 25 Atlantis teamed up with Blue Panther to defeat "Los Guerreros del Infierno" ("The Infernal Warriors"; Último Guerrero and Rey Bucanero) to win the CMLL World Tag Team Title. Their title reign lasted 280 days until Atlantis turned on his partner during a match and cost them the titles. The fact that the career "tecnico" (face or "good guy" character) turned "rudo" for the first time helped revitalize a career that was stagnating.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Los Guerreros de la Atlantida.

paragraph: The "Rudo" Atlantis joined up with "Los Guerreros del Infierno", renaming the group "Los Guerreros de la Atlantida" (The Warriors of the Atlantis) out of respect for their new co-leader. Shortly after his turn Atlantis won the 2005 International Gran Prix by eliminating Rey Bucanero and Perro Aguayo Jr. to be the only survivor in the match. Soon after he defeated Dr. Wagner Jr. to win the NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship. 2005 turned out to be Atlantis' strongest and most successful year as he also won that year's "Leyenda de Plata" tournament, as well as teaming up with La Máscara to win the 2005 "Gran Alternativa". On September 29, 2009, "Los Guerrero de la Atlantida" won the vacant CMLL World Trios Championship by defeating Perro Aguayo Jr., Héctor Garza and Shocker in a tournament final. On November 2, 2009, Atlantis won his fourth CMLL World Tag Team title, this time teaming with Último Guerrero to defeat Místico and Negro Casas for the championship. The team lost the Tag Team championship to Averno and Mephisto on February 1, 2008. Atlantis, Último Guerrero and Negro Casas (collectively nicknamed "Los Guerreros Negros", the Black Warriors) won the CMLL world Trios Title and held it for 166 days, before losing it on January 1, 2009, to El Hijo del Fantasma Héctor Garza and La Máscara. On April 5, 2009, Atlantis lost the NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship to El Texano Jr. in the main event of a show in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico ending Atlantis' reign after 988 days. In late 2009 it was rumored that "Los Guerreros de la Atlantida" had split up, but when Atlantis and Último Guerrero teamed up on CMLL's "Sin Salida" show the rumors turned out to not be true.

paragraph: On January 22, 2010, Atlantis teamed up with Máscara Dorada to participate in CMLL's "Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles"("National Amazing Pairs tournament"), a tournament where CMLL teams up a "Tecnico" (Dorada) and a "Rudo" (Atlantis) for a tournament. The two defeated Dragón Rojo Jr. and La Sombra in the opening round, Mr. Niebla and Máximo in the second round and Místico and Averno in the semi-final to earn a spot in the final of the tournament. During the tournament Atlantis wore his old "Tecnico" white mask, acting and wrestling a tecnico style. On February 5, 2010 Atlantis and Dorada defeated Negro Casas and La Máscara in the finals to win the tournament. On July 12, 2010, at the Promociones Gutiérrez 1st Anniversary Show Atlantis participated in a match where 10 men put their mask on the line in a match that featured five "parejas increibles" teams, with the losing team being forced to wrestle each other with their mask on the line. His partner in the match was Olímpico, facing off against the teams of Místico and El Oriental, La Sombra and Histeria, El Alebrije and Volador Jr., and Último Guerrero and Averno. Olímpico and Atlantis was the last team that escaped the match, levaving El Oriental and Místico to wrestle for their masks, which ended with Místico defeating El Oriental. After teaming up and working well together during the "Ruleta de la Muerte" tournament Olímpico, Atlantis and Último Guerrero teamed up more frequently. During a trios tournament on the August 13 Super Viernes Olímpico caused his team to be disqualified and then attacked his former team mates, ending their tenetative relationship. As a result of his actions after the match Olímpico, Último Guerrero and Atlantis were all added to the main event of the CMLL 77th Anniversary Show, a 14-man steel cage "Lucha de Apuestass", mask vs. mask match. In May 2010 Rayo de Jalisco Jr. returned to CMLL after not having worked for the promotion for five years. During one of his first interviews back with CMLL he commented that it was strange to see his former friend and tag team partner Atlantis as a "rudo". The seemingly unrelated comment slowly build into a storyline between the two former partners, initially facing off on opposite sides of trios matches. During the build of the match Atlantis has expressed an interest in challenging Rayo de Jalisco Jr. for his WWA World Heavyweight Championship, but also stated that it was too early to talk about a "Lucha de Apuestas", mask vs. mask match, between the two as they had not even faced off in a one on one match yet. Atlantis was the ninth man to leave the steel cage match at the 77th Anniversary, keeping his mask safe. The match came down to La Sombra pinning Olímpico to unmask him. On November 2, Atlantis was scheduled to challenge for the CMLL World Tag Team Championship alongside Último Guerrero, but could not take part in the match due to an injury and was replaced by Dragón Rojo Jr. In the end Guerrero and Rojo Jr. went on to win the titles, after which Rojo Jr. was made an official member of "Los Guerreros de la Atlantida". On February 25, 2011, Atlantis and Máscara Dorada defeated Blue Panther and Dragón Rojo Jr. in the finals to win the "Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increíbles" for the second year in a row. In June, Atlantis replaced an injured Shocker and teamed with Delta and Guerrero Maya Jr. in the "Forjando un Ídolo" tournament, which they eventually went on to win. On July 31, 2011, Atlantis and Rey Bucanero made an unadvertised appearance for American promotion Chikara, losing to F.I.S.T. (Chuck Taylor and Johnny Gargano) via disqualification, when Gargano faked taking a low blow from Atlantis. After weeks of tension between Atlantis and Último Guerrero, CMLL held a press conference on August 11, where Atlantis officially turned "technico" and left "Los Guerreros de la Atlantida".

paragraph: Section::::Professional wrestling career.:Los Reyes de la Atlantida.

paragraph: Atlantis and Último Guerrero faced each other in a big grudge match on September 23, which saw Atlantis pick up the win. On November 16, Atlantis announced that he was officially forming a stable named "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" ("The Kings of the Atlantis") with Delta and Guerrero Maya Jr. On December 16, the trio defeated "Los Invasores" (Olímpico, Psicosis and Volador Jr.) for the Mexican National Trios Championship at CMLLL's "Sin Piead" show. On March 2, 2012, at "Homenaje a Dos Leyendas", Atlantis won his third National Parejas Increibles tournament in a row, this time teaming with Mr. Niebla. On June 22, "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" lost the Mexican National Trios Championship to "Los Depredadores del Aire" (Black Warrior, Mr. Águila and Volador Jr.). On the August 3 Super Viernes show, Atlantis and Diamante Azul defeated Dragón Rojo Jr. and Último Guerrero to win the CMLL World Tag Team Championship. On October 30, "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" regained the Mexican National Trios Championship from "Los Depredadores del Aire". On November 13, 2012 Atlantis and Demonio Azul lost their tag team championship to El Terrible and Tama Tonga. On December 16, "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" lost the Mexican National Trios Championship to the "Los Invasores" team of Kraneo, Mr. Águila and Psicosis II.

paragraph: In January 2013, Atlantis returned to Japan, when he, as a late replacement for an injured Místico II, took part in the three-day "Fantastica Mania 2013" event, co-promoted by CMLL and New Japan Pro Wrestling in Tokyo. During the first night on January 18, he teamed with Jushin Thunder Liger and Tiger Mask in a six-man tag team match, where they were defeated by Gedo, Jado and Mephisto. The following night, Atlantis defeated Euforia in a singles match. During the third and final night, Atlantis teamed with IWGP Heavyweight Champion Hiroshi Tanahashi and IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion Prince Devitt to defeat Euforia, Kazuchika Okada and Mephisto in a six-man tag team main event. In early 2013 the long-running feud between Atlantis and Último Guerrero came to the forefront of CMLL booking once more. The two were booked for the 2013 "Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles" tournament, forcing the two rivals to team up. Before their qualifying round both Atlantis and Gurrero stated that they would put their differences aside for the sake of the tournament. Atlantis and Guerrero displayed the teamwork they had developed by being partners in "Los Guerreros de la Atlantida" for several years as they defeated the teams of Valiente and Pólvora, Diamante Azul and Euforia and finally Dragón Rojo Jr. and Niebla Roja to qualify for the finals of the tournament. The finals took place as part of the 2013 "Homenaje a Dos Leyendas" show and saw La Sombra and Volador Jr. win the match and the tournament. Following the loss a frustrated Atlantis attacked Último Guerrero and tore his mask apart. Atlantis subsequently made a "Luchas de Apuestas" challenge to Último Guerrero that was not immediately accepted. The two rivals officially signed the contrat for the mask vs. mask match on March 21, but did not announce an actual date for the match. At the same press conference it was announced that CMLL would commemorate Atlantis' 30 year anniversary as a wrestler with a special "Super Viernes" show on May 3. Atlantis was teamed up with Hombre Bala Jr. for the 2013 "Gran Alternativa", the son of Hombre Bala that Atlantis unmasked in 1986. The team competed in Block A of the tournament on April 12, 2013. The duo defeated Akuma and Mephisto in the first round, Taurus and Averno in the second round and Guerrero Negro Jr. and Último Guerrero in the semi-finals to earn a spot in the finals. The finals took place on April 26, 2013 during the Arena Mexico 57th Anniversary Show and saw Boby Zavala and Rey Escorpión defeat Hombre Bala Jr. and Atlantis, two falls to one to win the 2013 "Gran Alternativa" tournament.

paragraph: During the celebration of Atlantis' 30th anniversary as a wrestler Guerrero appeared after a match to berate Atlantis, which turned out to be a distraction for the real Último Guerrero to attack Atlantis from behind. The two identically dressed Guerreros proceeded to beat up Atlantis and tear his mask apart. Following the match Último Guerrero introduced his brother "Gran Guerrero". The much anticipated and hyped Mask vs. Mask match between Atlantis and Último Guerrero at the 80th Anniversary Show on September 13 never came to fruition as the two were defeated in a "Relevos Suicidas" match by La Sombra and Volador Jr., who instead advanced to the "Lucha de Apuestas" against each other. On March 21, 2014, Atlantis won the "Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles" for the fourth time, this time teaming with Euforia. On June 20, Atlantis won the 2014 Leyenda de Azul, scoring the last elimination over Último Guerrero. Atlantis defeated arch rival Último Guerrero in a "Luchas de Apuestas" match, in the main event of the CMLL 81st Anniversary Show. After the match Guerrero was forced to unmask as per the stipulation. In January 2015, Atlantis returned to Japan to take part in the "Fantastica Mania 2015" tour, during which he and Máscara Dorada won the Fantastica Mania 2015 Tag Tournament. On April 26, 2015, "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" won the Mexican National Trios Championship for a record-breaking third time by defeating "La Peste Negra" (El Felino, Mr. Niebla and Negro Casas). On August 9, 2015 "Los Reyes de la Atlantida" lost the Mexican National Trios Championship to "Los Hijos del Infierno" ("The Sons of the Inferno"; Ephesto, Mephisto and Lucifierno), ending their third reign as champions. 15 days later, on August 24, Atlantis defeated Mephisto to win the Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship.

paragraph: Over the summer of 2015 "Los Ingobernables" started to wrestle against "tecnico" teams instead of generally facing "rudo" teams as they had been up to that point. In August 2015 "Los Ingobernables" found themselves facing off against Atlantis on multiple occasions, often with La Sombra going out of his way to attack Atlantis, tearing Atlantis' mask apart during matches to show his disdain for the veteran "tecnico". On August 19, 2015 CMLL held a press conference where they announced that the winner of the main event of the 80th Anniversary, La Sombra, would put his mask on the line against the winner of the main event of the 81st Anniversary Show, Atlantis, in the main event of CMLL's 82nd Anniversary Show on September 18, 2015. The match saw Atlantis defeat La Sombra, two falls to one, forcing La Sombra to unmask. Since he was the reigning Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship Atlantis participated in the 2015 Universal Championship tournament, which he won, defeating Último Guerrero in the finals on October 16.

paragraph: On January 1, 2016 CMLL held a major show called "Sin Piedad" ("No Mercy") where Atlantis teamed up with Marco Corleone, and Valiente, losing to "Los Revolucionarios del Terror" (Dragón Rojo Jr., Pólvora, and Thunder). He also participated in the Fantastica Mania 2016 tour of Japan, where most nights he was part of the losing side against "Los Ingobernables de Japon" (Tetsuya Naito, Bushi and Evil).

paragraph: Section::::Championships and accomplishments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre / Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

paragraph: BULLET::::- CMLL World Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- CMLL World Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Rayo de Jalisco Jr. (1), Lizmark (1), Blue Panther (1), Último Guerrero (1), and Diamante Azul (1)

paragraph: BULLET::::- CMLL World Trios Championship (4 times) – with Mr. Niebla and Lizmark (1), Mr. Niebla and Black Warrior (1), and Último Guerrero and Tarzan Boy (1), Último Guerrero and Negro Casas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Middleweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ángel Azteca

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mexican National Trios Championship (4 times) – with Octagón and Máscara Sagrada (1) and Delta and Guerrero Maya Jr. (3)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- NWA World Middleweight Championship (3 times)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torneo Gran Alternativa (2005) – with La Máscara

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Bobby Bonales (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Copa Victoria (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Forjando un Ídolo: Guerra Continúa (2011) – with Delta and Guerrero Maya Jr.

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Gran Prix (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leyenda de Azul (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leyenda de Plata (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- CMLL Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles (2010, 2011, 2012, 2014) – with Máscara Dorada (2010, 2011), Mr. Niebla (2012) and Euforia (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torneo Increibles de Parejas, Arena Puebla – with Volador Jr.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Universal Championship (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- CMLL Tag Team of the Year (2010) – with Último Guerrero

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lucha Libre Azteca

paragraph: BULLET::::- LLA Azteca Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michinoku Pro Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tohoku Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fukumen World League (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Japan Pro Wrestling

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fantastica Mania 2015 Tag Tournament – with Máscara Dorada

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pro Wrestling Illustrated

paragraph: BULLET::::- PWI ranked him #34 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Universal Wrestling Entertainment

paragraph: BULLET::::- UWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Último Guerrero

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Wrestling Association

paragraph: BULLET::::- WWA Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Match of the Year: 2000 (Atlantis vs. Villano III in Mexico City on March 17)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2013)

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "La Fuerza Bruta" ("The Brute Power") – 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Octagón y Atlantis, la revancha" ("Octagón and Atlantis, the revenge") – 1992

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Atlantis al rescate" ("Atlantis to the rescue") – 2007

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- General sources – Career

paragraph: BULLET::::- General sources – Luchas de Apuestas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Specific

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Online World of Wrestling profile

description: Mexican professional wrestler

wikidata_label: Atlantis

wikipedia_title: Atlantis (wrestler)


text:
House of Andechs
Margrave of Istria
Berthold II of Andechs
Dießen
Bavaria
Plassenburg
Franconia
Stein
Carniola
Poppo II of Istria
Prince-Bishop of Brixen
Hohenstaufen
Frederick Barbarossa
Eastern Alps
Engelbert III
House of Sponheim
Welf
Henry the Lion
Berthold IV
Duke of Merania
princely
Wittelsbach
Count palatine
Otto IV of Scheyern
Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld
Berthold IV, Duke of Merania
Matilda
Engelbert III, Count of Gorizia
Sweyn III of Denmark
Adela of Meissen
Bishop of Bamberg

categories: House of Andechs,12th-century births,1188 deaths

paragraph: Berthold I of Istria

paragraph: Berthold III ( – 14 December 1188), a member of the Bavarian House of Andechs, was Margrave of Istria (as Berthold I) from 1173 until his death.

paragraph: He was the son of Count Berthold II of Andechs (died 1151), ruler over Dießen in Bavaria, Plassenburg in Franconia and Stein in Carniola, and his first wife Sophia (d. 1132), a daughter of Margrave Poppo II of Istria. His brother Otto became Prince-Bishop of Brixen in 1165. A loyal supporter of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa, Count Berthold rose to one of the most important nobles, holding extended estates in Bavaria as well as in Franconia and in Carniola south of the Eastern Alps.

paragraph: In 1173, he was appointed Margrave of Istria, succeeding Engelbert III, the last Margrave from the House of Sponheim and cousin of his mother Sophia. When in 1180 Emperor Frederick deposed the Welf duke Henry the Lion, he vested Berthold's son, Count Berthold IV, with the title of a Duke of Merania, thereby elevating the House of Andechs to princely status.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: Berthold III was married twice. In 1152 he married Hedwig of Wittelsbach, daughter of the Bavarian Count palatine Otto IV of Scheyern and Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld-Hopfenohe.

paragraph: They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Berthold IV, Duke of Merania (1153–1204).

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Sophia (died 1218). Married Poppo VI, Count of Henneberg (died c. 1190).

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Kunigunde (died after 1207). Possibly married Eberhard, Count of Eberstein.

paragraph: BULLET::::4. Matilda, Countess of Pisino (died 1245). Married Berthold, Margrave of Vohburg. In c. 1190 married secondly Engelbert III, Count of Gorizia (died 1217/20).

paragraph: His second wife became in c. 1180 princess Luitgard of Denmark, daughter of king Sweyn III of Denmark and Adela of Meissen. They had two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Poppo, Bishop of Bamberg (died December 2, 1245).

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Berta, Abbess in Gerbstadt (died 1190).

description: Margrave of Istria

wikidata_label: Berthold I of Istria

wikipedia_title: Berthold I of Istria


text: Ukrainian

text: Soviet

text: World War II

text: Ukrainian parliament

text: sloboda

text: Poltava Governorate

text: Russian Empire

text: Dnipropetrovsk Region

text: World War II

text: Dnipro

text: Nikolai Ostrovsky

text: How the Steel Was Tempered

text: Kharkiv

text: Kharkiv Region

text: Kharkiv University

text: novella

text: World War II

text: Red Army

text: 72nd Guards Rifle Division

text: staff sergeant

text: first sergeant

text: mortar

text: battery

text: Soviet

text: Order of Glory

text: Dnipropetrovsk University

text: Yuri Yanovsky

text: Kiev

text: aspirantura

text: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

text: Poltava Region

text: Soviet Army

text: Stalin Prize

text: dilogy

text: Southern Ukraine

text: Union of Ukrainian Writers

text: USSR Union of Writers

text: Shevchenko Prize

text: "Tronka"

text: Ukrainian literature

text: Stalinism

text: Khrushchev thaw

text: Lenin Prize

text: The Cathedral

text: Novomoskovsk Holy-Trinity Cathedral

text: Dnipropetrovsk Region

text: Oleksiy Vatchenko

text: retirement home

text: Leonid Brezhnev

text: Russian language

text: Mykola Bazhan

text: Supreme Council of the Soviet Union

text: Ukrainian Academy of Sciences

text: Soviet Union

text: People's Movement of Ukraine

text: Communist Party of Soviet Union

text: Revolution on Granite

text: University of Alberta

text: St Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral

text: Soviet

text: Baikove Cemetery

text: Kyiv

text: Stalin Prize

text: Stalin Prize

text: Shevchenko Prize

text: Lenin Prize

text: Hero of Socialist Labor

text: Supreme Council of the Soviet Union

text: Order of Lenin

text: USSR State Prize

text: Hero of Ukraine

text: Alexander Fadeyev

text: Order of the Patriotic War

text: Order of Red Star

text: Order of Glory

text: Medal For Courage

text: Great Patriotic War

text: The Cathedral

text: Biography and overview of his diary

categories: Recipients of the USSR State Prize,Ukrainian short story writers,Recipients of the title of Hero of Ukraine,People from Yekaterinoslav Governorate,Ukrainian novelists,Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union candidate members,Seventh convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities,20th-century male writers,Soviet poets,First convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada,1995 deaths,People from Dnipro,Male journalists,Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities,Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,Soviet short story writers,Soviet novelists,Ninth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities,Male poets,Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities,Soviet journalists,Ukrainian people of World War II,Ukrainian male short story writers,Socialist realism writers,Heroes of Socialist Labour,Recipients of the Shevchenko National Prize,Members of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union,1918 births,Lenin Prize winners,University of Kharkiv alumni,Burials at Baikove Cemetery,Recipients of the Order of Glory,Soviet male writers,Eighth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities,Stalin Prize winners,20th-century short story writers,Tenth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities

paragraph: Oles Honchar

paragraph: Oleksandr "Oles" Terentiyovych Honchar (; 3 April 1918 – 12 December 1995) was a Ukrainian and Soviet writer and public figure. He also was a veteran of World War II and member of the Ukrainian parliament.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: It has commonly been written that Oles Honchar was born in Sukha "sloboda" (now village) in , Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire in family of factory workers Terenty Sidirovich and Tatiana Gavrilovna Bilichenko. However more recently found documents from the regional archives of Dnipropetrovsk Region tell that he was born in a village of Lomivka that just before World War II was incorporated into the city of Dnipropetrovsk. His mother died when he was three, while his father perished on a job site later in 1941. Being left parentless, he was taken by his maternal grandparents to live in the village of Sukhe. Living with his maternal grandparents, Oleksandr took their last name and, thus, became to be known as Oles Honchar (Oles is diminutive of Oleksandr).

paragraph: Since 1925, Honchar studied first in his village (Sukhe) later in the village of Khorishky (today Kozelshchyna District). In 1933 he finished a seven-year school in the neighboring village of Breusivka. After finishing the school Honchar found a job with a local newspaper (Kozelshchyna District) "Expanded front". From 1933 to 1937 he studied journalism at the Kharkiv vocational school of Nikolai Ostrovsky (notorious for "How the Steel Was Tempered"). After the study Honchar worked as a teacher in a village of Manuilivka (today Derhachi District) near Kharkiv as well as a journalist in Kharkiv Region newspaper "Lenin's shift". In 1937 he started to publish his first works, mostly short stories, through various republican publishers: "Literary newspaper", "Pioneeria", "Komsomolets of Ukraine", "Young Bolshevik".

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:World War II and first recognition.

paragraph: In 1938, Honchar enrolled into the Department of Philology of Kharkiv University. During his study, he wrote such novellas as "Ivan Mostovy", "Cherries bloom", "Eaglet", a story "Stokozove field". On his third year at university his study was interrupted by World War II in June 1941 when he volunteered into the Red Army as part of a student battalion of the 72nd Guards Rifle Division. During the war, he was a staff sergeant and later the first sergeant of a mortar battery. Being wounded twice Honchar also earned numerous awards including the Soviet Order of Glory. During that time, he wrote poems (collection of poetry "Frontlines poems") that were published in 1985 as well as starting to work on his important future novel "Guide-on Bearers".

paragraph: After the war, he resumed his studies in the Dnipropetrovsk University at the Department of Philology where he started to write the first part of his first major work, "Guide-on Bearers" "Alps". The novel was noticed by Yuri Yanovsky who being a chief editor of the magazine "Fatherland" at that time published it in 1946. He soon invited Honchar to Kiev where Oles entered an aspirantura at the Shevchenko Institute of Literature of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In Kiev Honchar received an apartment (#65) in the specially designed building (68 Bohdan Khmelnytsky Street). Yanovsky becomes a kind of a mentor for the young writer who will extract a lot of creative lessons out of the communication with the maestro. Later in 1975 Honchar wrote a novel dedicating to him "Blue towers of Yanovsky". In 1947 Oles published a story "Earth is rumbling" about the underground movement of the Poltava Region as well as the second book of the novel "Guide-on Bearers" "Blue Danube". The novel which tells about the liberating mission of the Soviet Army in Europe was noticed by officials and critics. The young writer received the recognition (Stalin Prize (1948)) of authorities, critics, and, the most importantly, public.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Further career and literature accolades.

paragraph: In 1940s and 1950s, the writer continued to develop a war theme in his several novellas as well as publishing the last book of the "Guide-on Bearers" trilogy "Golden Prague". Along with his military themes, there started to sound a new one, a peaceful life of people and the moral aspects of their relationships. Novellas and novels in that direction ("Mykyta Bratus", 1950; "Let a light burn", 1955) prepare the future peaks of artistry for Honchar in 1960-70s. The historical-revolutionary dilogy of Honchar "Tavria" (1952) and "Perekop" (1957) commemorating to the events of the civil war in the Southern Ukraine is being left as the weakest anemic work. Around that time Honchar was starting his public and journalistic activities. He was conducting some traveling abroad which resulted in books of very short stories "Meeting with friends" (1950), "China up-close" (1951). For his literal work in 1959 Honchar was elected a chairman of the Union of Ukrainian Writers (1959–1971) and a secretary of the USSR Union of Writers.

paragraph: In 1960, there was published the novel "Person and weapon" which opened a new page in the artistry of Oles Honchar. The romantic-philosophical direction of the piece, the emphasis on intimate matters of life and death of a person, problems of indestructibility of morality of human spirit distinguish the novel that is based on the writer's recollections about the student volunteer battalion during the war times. The novel was awarded the newly created Shevchenko Prize in 1962. The second part of the dilogy, the novel "Cyclone" (1970) was written after a break. The theme received a sudden continuation where the aged hero from "Person and weapon" becomes a film director and shoots a movie about war. Intertwining of reality and staged scenes of present and recollections about the past as well as the very subject of cinematography reminds of Yanovsky's "Master of ship".

paragraph: The novel of short stories "Tronka" (1963) was the first major work of Honchar commemorating to a contemporary peaceful life. Constructed in the form of an original "wreath of novellas" revealing different aspects of life of ordinary people, residents of the Ukrainian steppes, the novel paints a complete panorama of characters, images, situations. In "Tronka" for the first time in the Ukrainian literature was acutely posed the problem of Stalinism eradication, the struggle of old with new. On the wave of the Khrushchev thaw the novel was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1964.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:"Cathedral" and later career.

paragraph: A sad fate was destined for the next Honchar's novel "The Cathedral", 1968. In comparison with "Tronka" the novel is much more closer to the traditional realism with broadly distinct positive and negative characters. The struggle for the revival of spirituality, for the historical memory of people as the foundation of decency in relationships between people is situated in the epicenter of story. The prototype of the cathedral in the novel served the Novomoskovsk Holy-Trinity Cathedral (Dnipropetrovsk Region). The Dnipropetrovsk Region Communist Party leader Oleksiy Vatchenko recognized himself in the image of a negative character the soulless party member opportunist who deposited his father in a retirement home. Being a friend of Leonid Brezhnev, Vatchenko requested a ban on the novel. The novel was published only in magazines, while the already printed copies of the book were confiscated and the translation to the Russian language was suspended. Despite the attempts to protect the piece (articles of Mykola Bazhan and others) it was prohibited and the mentioning about it has ceased. The only thing that saved Honchar from further prosecutions was his position in the Writer's Union.

paragraph: In works of his later period, Honchar continued to raise the contemporary morale-ethical subject (novel "Your dawn", 1980), a subject of young searches romance (story "Brigantina", 1973). In 1980, he released the book "Writer's reflections" where he has summarized his artistic work. From 1962 to 1990 Honchar was a People's Deputy in the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union. In 1978 he was awarded the title of "Academician" and the membership at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. With the fall of the Soviet Union, Honchar was one of the creators of the Society of Ukrainian Language and the People's Movement of Ukraine. In 1990 he quit the Communist Party of Soviet Union during the "Revolution on Granite". In 1991, Honchar released a new book "By that we live. On the path of Ukrainian revival". In 1992, the University of Alberta recognized him as the honorary doctor.

paragraph: He also to be known as one who urged the president of Ukraine to rebuild the St Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral in Kiev, which was destroyed by the Soviet authorities.

paragraph: Oles Honchar was buried at Baikove Cemetery in Kyiv.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and prizes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Civil

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stalin Prize (1948), for the first two books of the novel "Guide-on Bearers" (1946–47)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stalin Prize (1949), for the third book of the novel "Guide-on Bearers" (1948)

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Shevchenko Prize (1962), for novel "Person and weapon" (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lenin Prize (1964), for novel "Tronka" (1963)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hero of Socialist Labor (31 March 1978), for great achievements in development of Soviet literature, productive public work, and in regard to the sixtieth birthday of the writer Oles Honchar by the order of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union (Order of Lenin and medal of Sickle and Mallet)

paragraph: BULLET::::- USSR State Prize (1982), for novel "Your dawn" (1980)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hero of Ukraine (2005), posthumously

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gold medal of Alexander Fadeyev

paragraph: BULLET::::- S.Nejman Prize (Czech Republic)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Red Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Glory, III degree

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medal For Courage (3 medals)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medal for overtaking Berlin

paragraph: Section::::Major works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "", about the Great Patriotic War; two Stalin Prizes

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Cathedral"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography and overview of his diary

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ukrainian coins commemorating the writer

paragraph: BULLET::::- Review of the Sobor through the political prizm before its publishment

description: Societ writer

wikidata_label: Oles Honchar

wikipedia_title: Oles Honchar


text:
New Westminster
British Columbia
Dr. Charles Best Secondary School
Coquitlam, British Columbia
Coquitlam Reds
B.C. Premier Baseball League
shortstop
2002 World Junior Baseball Championship
RBIs
2002 Major League Baseball draft
contract
2003 season
Kingsport Mets
Brooklyn Cyclones
2004 season
home run
RBIs
2005 season
St. Lucie Mets
Florida State League
Binghamton Mets
2008 season
2009 World Baseball Classic
Toronto Blue Jays
Dominican Summer League Pirates

wikipedia_title: British Columbia Premier Baseball League

categories: Minor league baseball managers,Sportspeople from New Westminster,Gwinnett Braves players,Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States,New Orleans Zephyrs players,New Hampshire Fisher Cats players,Mississippi Braves players,Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada,Baseball people from British Columbia,Pan American Games competitors for Canada,St. Lucie Mets players,Brooklyn Cyclones players,1984 births,Living people,Capital City Bombers players,Dunedin Blue Jays players,Pan American Games medalists in baseball,Binghamton Mets players,Jacksonville Suns players,Baseball players at the 2011 Pan American Games,Kingsport Mets players,Gulf Coast Braves players

paragraph: Shawn Bowman

paragraph: Shawn Douglas Bain Bowman (born December 9, 1984 in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a Canadian professional baseball player. A third-baseman. He bats and throws right-handed.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bowman attended Dr. Charles Best Secondary School in Coquitlam, British Columbia and was the starting third-baseman for the Coquitlam Reds of the B.C. Premier Baseball League. Bowman also played shortstop for Team Canada at the 2002 World Junior Baseball Championship, where he was named to the tournament All-Star Team after hitting 12 RBIs in 5 games.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Although Bowman was drafted by the Mets in the 12th round (357th overall) in the 2002 Major League Baseball draft, they failed to agree upon a contract in time for him to play during the 2002 season. Bowman would begin his professional career during the 2003 season when he spent time with both the Kingsport Mets and the Brooklyn Cyclones. He went on to have a successful 2004 season playing for the Capital City Bombers where he hit .258, had 19 home runs and 69 RBIs in 116 games played. However, he began to develop chronic back problems during the 2005 season while playing for the St. Lucie Mets of the Florida State League, and was only healthy enough to play in 125 games from over the next three seasons.

paragraph: A healthy Bowman returned to the St. Lucie lineup on June 17, 2008, and would go on to hit .340 over the next 26 games before earning a promotion to the AA Binghamton Mets. Although he began his Binghamton career with an 8-game hitting streak, he would only go on to hit .214 over his final 84 at-bats of the 2008 season.

paragraph: Although he was on Canada's roster for the 2009 World Baseball Classic, Bowman did not make an appearance during either of the team's games.

paragraph: Bowman was claimed off waivers by the Toronto Blue Jays on April 14, 2010.

paragraph: On January 18, 2019, he became Dominican Summer League Pirates 2 manager.

description: Canadian baseball player

wikidata_label: Shawn Bowman

wikipedia_title: Shawn Bowman


text: Carlisle

text: Cumbria

text: William Gilpin

text: London

text: Samuel Scott

text: Covent Garden

text: Duke of Cumberland

text: Newmarket

text: Windsor

text: Great Park

text: Knightsbridge

text: George Barret, Sr.

text: John Zoffany

text: Philip Reinagle

text: Incorporated Society of Artists

text: mezzotint

text: Valentine Green

text: William Marlow

text: Royal Academy

text: William Sawrey Gilpin

text: landscape gardener

text: Bedfordshire

text: Samuel Whitbread

text: Brompton

text: John Warwick Smith

text: George Garrard

text: John Scott

text: Thomas Morris

text: George Dance

text: William Daniell

text: National Portrait Gallery

text: Courtauld Institute of Art

text: Tate Britain

text: Royal Academy

text: London

text: Fitzwilliam Museum

text: Cambridge

text: Sawrey Gilpin online

categories: English male painters,Equine artists,19th-century English painters,18th-century English painters,1733 births,1807 deaths,English illustrators,People from Carlisle, Cumbria

paragraph: Sawrey Gilpin

paragraph: Sawrey Gilpin (30 October 1733 – 8 March 1807) was an English animal painter, illustrator, and etcher who specialised in paintings of horses and dogs. He was made a Royal Academician.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Gilpin was born in Carlisle in Cumbria, the seventh child of Captain John Bernard Gilpin, a soldier and amateur artist, and Matilda Langstaffe. He was the younger brother of the Rev. William Gilpin, a clergyman and schoolmaster who wrote of several influential works on picturesque scenery.

paragraph: As a child Gilpin learnt to draw from his father, who ran a drawing school in Carlisle. Having shown an early predilection for art, he was sent to London at the age of fourteen to study under the marine painter Samuel Scott in Covent Garden. Gilpin, however, preferred sketching the passing market carts and horses, and it soon became evident that animals, especially horses, were his speciality. Gilpin left Scott in 1758, and devoted himself to animal painting from then on. Some of his sketches were shown to the Duke of Cumberland, who was much impressed by them, and employed Gilpin to draw from his stud at Newmarket and at Windsor, where he was ranger of the Great Park. He afforded the artist considerable material assistance in his profession.

paragraph: Section::::Animal painter.

paragraph: Gilpin lived at Knightsbridge in London for some years. He became one of the best painters of horses that the country had produced, and was almost as successful in other areas of animal art. He sometimes attempted historical pictures on a larger scale in which horses were prominent, but with rather less success. He was purely an animal painter, and required the assistance of others to paint landscapes and figures; for the former he often turned to George Barret, Sr., to whom he gave similar service in return, and for the latter he sometimes used the services of John Zoffany, and Philip Reinagle.

paragraph: Gilpin first exhibited with the Incorporated Society of Artists in 1762, and continued to show pictures there, mostly of horses, up to 1783. In 1768, and 1770-1, he exhibited a series of pictures illustrating "Gulliver's visit to the Houyhnhnms", one of which was engraved in mezzotint by Valentine Green; in 1770 a drawing of "Darius gaining the Persian Empire by the neighing of his horse"; in 1771 "The Duke of Cumberland visiting his stud (with a view of Windsor Castle from the Great Park, by William Marlow)". In 1773 he became a director of the society, and in 1774 president.

paragraph: He exhibited at the Royal Academy, London from 1786 until his death. He was elected an associate of the academy (ARA) in 1795, and Royal Academician (RA) in 1797.

paragraph: Gilpin married Elizabeth Broom; their son William Sawrey Gilpin (1762–1843) also became an artist, and in later life a landscape gardener. After his wife's death Gilpin lived in Bedfordshire with his friend Samuel Whitbread. He then returned to London and spent his last years with his daughters at Brompton, where he died on 8 March 1807.

paragraph: His pupils included John Warwick Smith and George Garrard. The latter married his eldest daughter Matilda.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Many of his pictures of horses, dogs, and sporting scenes were engraved, notably "The Death of the Fox" (Royal Academy, 1788), engraved by John Scott (1774–1827); and "Heron-Hawking" (Society of Artists, 1780), engraved by Thomas Morris (fl. 1780-1800). He also made some etchings of horses and cattle, and made many illustrations for the works, both published and unpublished, of his brother William. His portrait is included in the series of drawings by George Dance (1741–1821), engraved by William Daniell, and now in the National Portrait Gallery.

paragraph: There are works by Gilpin in the collections of the Courtauld Institute of Art, Tate Britain, and the Royal Academy, in London and the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cross, David A., "Sawrey Gilpin R.A. : Rival of Stubbs", Armitt Library Journal, Ambleside, vol. 1 1998 pp. 64–85

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gilbey, Sir Walter. "Animal painters of England from the year 1650, volume 1" (London : Vinton & Co., 1900) p190 ff.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sawrey Gilpin online (ArtCyclopedia)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Paintings by Gilpin in British public collections

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections

alias:
Esq. Sawrey Gilpin
R. A. Sawrey Gilpin
Esq. S. Gilpin
R.A. S. Gilpin
Glipin
Gilpin
S. Gilpin
Gilpen
S. Gilpin R.A.

description: British artist

wikidata_label: Sawrey Gilpin

wikipedia_title: Sawrey Gilpin


text:
Craiova
Romania
painter
portrait
genre painter
academic painter
Bucharest
spa town
Băile Herculane
Nicolae Tonitza
Iaşi
communist authorities
formalist
Soviet Union
Warsaw
Poland
Venice Biennale
Moscow
Leningrad
Prague
Ștefan Câlția
Emeritus
Cairo
Helsinki
Vienna
New Delhi
Brussels
People's Artist
Romanian Academy
East Berlin
Academy of Fine Art
New York City
Eastern bloc
West
Romanian Revolution
Romanian Cultural Foundation
People of influence painting
Dai Dudu
Old Master
expressionism
art nouveau
academicism
impressionism
El Greco
Rembrandt
Goya
Socialist realism
Timisoara
Mihail Sadoveanu
National Art Museum
Krikor Zambaccian
Zambaccian Museum
impressionistic
Szépművészeti Museum
Budapest
Harlequin
Francisco Goya
black paintings
Part I
Part II
Part III
Interview with Susara

categories: 20th-century Romanian painters,Romanian illustrators,People from Craiova,1997 deaths,Romanian genre painters,1906 births,Portrait painters

paragraph: Corneliu Baba

paragraph: Corneliu Baba (; 18 November 1906, Craiova – 28 December 1997) was a Romanian painter, primarily a portraitist, but also known as a genre painter and an illustrator of books.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Having first studied under his father, the academic painter Gheorghe Baba, Baba studied briefly at the Faculty of Fine Arts in Bucharest, but did not receive a degree. His first public exhibition was in 1934 in the spa town of Băile Herculane; this led to his studying later that year under Nicolae Tonitza in Iaşi, finally receiving a diploma in Fine Arts from the faculty at Iaşi in 1938, where he was named assistant to the Chair of Painting in 1939 and a Professor of Painting in 1946.

paragraph: Shortly after his 1948 official debut with a painting called "The Chess Player" at the Art Salon in Bucharest, he was arrested and briefly imprisoned in Galata Prison in Iaşi. The following year he was suspended without explanation from his faculty position and moved from Iaşi to Bucharest.

paragraph: Despite an initially uneasy relationship with communist authorities who denounced him as formalist, Baba soon established himself as an illustrator and artist. In 1955 he was allowed to travel to the Soviet Union, and won a Gold Medal in an international exhibition in Warsaw, Poland. In 1956, Baba accompanied "The Chess Player" and two other paintings showed at the Venice Biennale, after which the paintings traveled on to exhibits in Moscow, Leningrad, and Prague.

paragraph: Section::::Fame.

paragraph: In 1958 Baba was appointed Professor of Painting at the "Nicolae Grigorescu" Institute of Fine Arts in Bucharest, where Niculiţă Secrieriu and Ștefan Câlția were among his pupils. The same year he received the title of Emeritus Master of Art. By this time, his earlier problems with the communist authorities appear to have been smoothed over. In the next decade, both he and his paintings were to travel the world, participating in exhibitions in places as diverse as Cairo, Helsinki, Vienna, and New Delhi, culminating in a 1964 solo exhibition in Brussels. In 1962, the Romanian government gave him the title of "People's Artist"; in 1963 he was appointed a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy, and in 1964 was similarly honored by the East Berlin Academy of Fine Art.

paragraph: Honors and exhibitions continued to accumulate, ranging from a 1970 solo exhibition in New York City to the receipt of a Red Star decoration in 1971. While his name became a household word in Romania and, to a lesser extent, throughout the Eastern bloc, he never achieved comparable fame in the West.

paragraph: In 1988, Baba was seriously injured by an accident in his studio, and was immobilized for several months. In 1990, following the Romanian Revolution, he was elevated to titular membership in the Romanian Academy. Shortly before his death in 1997, Baba published his memoir, "Notes by an Artist of Eastern Europe". He was posthumously awarded the Prize for Excellence by the Romanian Cultural Foundation.

paragraph: Corneliu Baba appears in the People of influence painting of Chinese artists Zhang An, Li Tiezi, and Dai Dudu.

paragraph: Section::::Art.

paragraph: Perhaps unfashionably for a 20th-century painter, Baba consciously worked in the tradition of the Old Masters, although, from the outset of his studies with his father, he was also influenced by expressionism, art nouveau, academicism and "remnants" of impressionism.

paragraph: Baba himself cited El Greco, Rembrandt, and Goya as particularly strong influences.

paragraph: This did not put him in good stead either with the official Socialist realism of the Eastern bloc (where, especially in the early Communist years, he periodically received damning criticism—and sometimes punishment, such as being suspended from teaching—for his "formalism").

paragraph: Nearly all of Corneliu Baba's work remains in Romania; hardly a major museum in that country is without some of his work. The Art Museum in Timisoara possesses a very nice and rich collection (over 80 works) of Baba's paintings. Among his notable works are a 1952 portrait of Mihail Sadoveanu (now in Bucharest's National Art Museum) and a 1957 portrait of Krikor Zambaccian, (now in the Zambaccian Museum, also in Bucharest). One of his few pieces on public display outside of Romania is a rather impressionistic 1977-79 group scene entitled "Fear", (one of several in a "Fears" series) in the Szépművészeti Museum in Budapest.

paragraph: Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Baba did an extensive series of paintings of Harlequins and "Mad Kings",; most of the latter remained in the artist's personal collection until his death, much as with Francisco Goya and his "black paintings".

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susara, Pavel, "Corneliu Baba", London: Parkstone, 2001. . (The author's name is properly "Şuşară", but the English-language edition of the work renders it without diacritics.)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pavel Susara, "Un Pictor din Est?" ("A painter from the East")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Part I, "Observator Cultural" Nr. 104 19–25 February 2002. Accessed 9 July 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Part II, "Observator Cultural" Nr. 105 26 February - 4 March 2002. Accessed 9 July 2006.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Part III, "Observator Cultural" Nr. 106 5–11 March 2002. Accessed 9 July 2006.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Susara in "Observator Cultural" Nr. 106, related to his "Un Pictor din Est? series.

alias:
Korneliu Baba
Gheorghe Baba
Kʻe-erh-nei-liu Pa-pa

description: Romanian painter

wikidata_label: Corneliu Baba

wikipedia_title: Corneliu Baba


text: courtesy name

text: Cao Cao

text: Eastern Han dynasty

text: Gansu

text: Ningxia

text: Shaanxi

text: Ma Chao

text: Han Sui

text: Liang Province

text: Di

text: Qiang

text: Battle of Mount Dingjun

text: Hanzhong Commandery

text: Liu Bei

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Huang Zhong

text: Pei State

text: Bozhou

text: Anhui

text: Xiahou Dun

text: Xiahou Ying

text: Han dynasty

text: Liu Bang (Emperor Gao)

text: Cao Cao

text: Yan

text: Yu

text: campaign

text: Dong Zhuo

text: Kaifeng

text: Henan

text: Yingchuan

text: Yuan Shao

text: Battle of Guandu

text: Xu

text: Chang Xi

text: Yu Jin

text: li

text: Yellow Turban rebels

text: Zhangqiu

text: Shandong

text: Mount Tai

text: Zibo

text: Dezhou

text: commanderies

text: Battle of Red Cliffs

text: Sun Quan

text: Liu Bei

text: Hefei

text: Anhui

text: Xu Huang

text: Taiyuan Commandery

text: Shanxi

text: Battle of Tong Pass

text: Han Sui

text: Ma Chao

text: Zhu Ling

text: Di tribes

text: Ningxia

text: Gansu

text: Yang Qiu

text: Ye

text: Handan

text: Hebei

text: Lu Zhao

text: Chang'an

text: Wei Kang

text: Liang Province

text: Gangu County

text: li

text: Jiang Xu

text: Li County

text: Hanzhong Commandery

text: Zhang Lu

text: Chang'an

text: li

text: Ye

text: Zhang He

text: Chencang District

text: Baoji

text: Shaanxi

text: Wei River

text: Di

text: Qiang

text: Han Sui

text: Lueyang County

text: Qin'an County

text: Xiongnu

text: Guyuan

text: Liang Province Rebellion

text: Linxia

text: Confucius

text: Di

text: Qiang

text: Longnan

text: Gansu

text: Zhang Lu

text: Hanzhong Commandery

text: Battle of Yangping

text: Commandery

text: Zhang He

text: Xu Huang

text: Ye

text: Handan

text: Hebei

text: Liu Bei

text: taken over

text: Yi Province

text: Sichuan

text: Chongqing

text: a campaign

text: Ningqiang County

text: Huang Zhong

text: posthumous title

text: Xiahou Ba

text: Cao Wei

text: Shu Han

text: Sima Yi

text: Cao Shuang

text: Xiahou Wei

text: Xiahou Hui

text: Xiahou He

text: Zhang Fei

text: Liu Shan

text: Empress Jing'ai

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Three Kingdoms

text: Battle of Mount Dingjun#In fiction

text: Koei

text: Dynasty Warriors

text: Warriors Orochi

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Kessen II

text: Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

text: Chen, Shou

text: Records of the Three Kingdoms

text: Luo, Guanzhong

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: Pei, Songzhi

text: Yi Zhou Shu

categories: 2nd-century births,Han dynasty generals from Anhui,Politicians from Bozhou,Year of birth unknown,219 deaths,Political office-holders in Henan,Generals under Cao Cao,Han dynasty politicians from Anhui,Officials under Cao Cao

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan () (died 219), courtesy name Miaocai, was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is known for his exploits in western China (in parts of present-day Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi provinces) in the 210s, during which he defeated Cao Cao's rivals Ma Chao and Han Sui in Liang Province and the surrounding areas, and forced several Di and Qiang tribal peoples into submission. He was killed in action at the Battle of Mount Dingjun while defending Hanzhong Commandery from attacks by a rival warlord Liu Bei. Xiahou Yuan's death was highly dramatised in the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", in which he was slain by Liu Bei's general Huang Zhong during a surprise raid.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan was from Qiao County (譙縣), Pei State (沛國), which is in present-day Bozhou, Anhui. He was a younger cousin of Xiahou Dun and a descendant of Xiahou Ying, who served under the Han dynasty's founding emperor, Liu Bang (Emperor Gao). He once helped Cao Cao shoulder the blame when Cao committed a serious offence. Cao Cao later saved him. When a famine broke out in Yan and Yu provinces, Xiahou Yuan and his family were adversely affected. He decided to sacrifice his youngest son in favour of his deceased younger brother's orphaned daughter.

paragraph: In 190, when Cao Cao was raising an army to join the campaign against Dong Zhuo, Xiahou Yuan joined Cao and served as a Major of Separate Command (別部司馬) and Cavalry Commandant (騎都尉) under Cao. He was subsequently appointed as the Administrator (太守) of Chenliu (陳留; around present-day Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingchuan (潁川; in present-day central Henan) commanderies.

paragraph: Section::::Mid career.

paragraph: In 200, when Cao Cao clashed with his rival Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu, Xiahou Yuan was appointed acting Colonel Who Inspects the Army (督軍校尉). After Cao Cao's victory over Yuan Shao, Xiahou Yuan was put in charge of overseeing the transport of provisions from Yan, Yu and Xu provinces to Cao Cao's armies at the frontline in northern China. Cao Cao's forces were lacking food supplies at that time, but Xiahou Yuan was able to deliver the supplies in time and this helped to boost the army's morale.

paragraph: In 206, Chang Xi (昌狶) started a rebellion, so Cao Cao sent Yu Jin to lead an army to suppress the revolt. Yu Jin was unsuccessful, so Cao Cao ordered Xiahou Yuan to join Yu Jin in a second expedition against Chang Xi. They defeated the rebels this time and captured over 10 enemy garrisons while Chang Xi surrendered to Yu Jin. Xiahou Yuan was appointed Colonel Who Arranges the Army (典軍校尉) after his success. Xiahou Yuan was known for the swift movements of his units in battle, and he often took his enemies by surprise. There was a saying in Cao Cao's army to describe this: "Xiahou Yuan, the Colonel Who Arranges the Army, travels 500 "li" in three days and 1,000 "li" in six days."

paragraph: In 207, Yellow Turban rebels in Jinan (濟南; near present-day Zhangqiu, Shandong) and Le'an (樂安; in present-day Shandong), led by Xu He (徐和) and Sima Ju (司馬俱), attacked cities and killed officials. Xiahou Yuan led military forces from Taishan (泰山; near Mount Tai), Qi (齊; around present-day Zibo, Shandong) and Pingyuan (平原; around present-day Dezhou, Shandong) commanderies to attack the rebels. He defeated them, killed Xu He, and pacified the various counties in the region. He also collected the enemy's food supplies and distributed them among his own troops.

paragraph: In 209, after Cao Cao returned from his defeat at the Battle of Red Cliffs against the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei, he ordered Xiahou Yuan to lead an assault on Lei Xu (雷緒), who had started a revolt in Lujiang Commandery (廬江郡; in present-day Hefei, Anhui). After defeating Lei Xu, Xiahou Yuan was appointed acting Protector-General Who Attacks the West (征西護軍) and ordered to lead troops together with Xu Huang to attack rebels in Taiyuan Commandery (太原郡; in present-day Shanxi). They conquered over 20 enemy camps, killed the rebel chief Shang Yao (商曜), and massacred the population in the rebel base.

paragraph: Section::::Campaigns in western China.

paragraph: In 211, Xiahou Yuan participated in the Battle of Tong Pass on Cao Cao's side against a coalition of western warlords led by Han Sui and Ma Chao, in which Cao emerged victorious against the coalition. He and Zhu Ling later led a separate force to pacify the Di tribes in Yumi (隃糜) and Qian (汧) counties. Following that, he rendezvoused with Cao Cao's main force in Anding Commandery (安定郡; covering parts of present-day Ningxia and Gansu), where they forced Yang Qiu, an ally of Han Sui and Ma Chao, to surrender.

paragraph: In 212, Cao Cao returned to Ye (in present-day Handan, Hebei), leaving behind Xiahou Yuan, Zhu Ling and Lu Zhao (路招) to garrison in Chang'an. Xiahou Yuan held the appointment of acting General Who Protects the Army (護軍將軍) at the time. He defeated a group of bandits led by Liu Xiong (劉雄) in Nanshan (南山) and forced them to surrender. He also besieged Liang Xing (梁興; an ally of Han Sui and Ma Chao) in Hu County (鄠縣) and defeated and killed Liang Xing. In recognition of his contributions, the Han imperial court enfeoffed him as the Marquis of Bochang Village (博昌亭侯).

paragraph: In 213, Ma Chao besieged Wei Kang, the Inspector (刺史) of Liang Province, in the provincial capital Ji (兾; or Jicheng, in present-day Gangu County, Gansu). Xiahou Yuan wanted to lead reinforcements to help Wei Kang but arrived too late as Ji had already fallen to Ma Chao. Xiahou Yuan and his army had travelled more than 200 "li" on their way to Ji when they fell into an ambush set up by Ma Chao. Xiahou Yuan lost the battle and decided to withdraw his troops when he heard that the Di tribes in Qian County (汧縣) had started a rebellion.

paragraph: In 214, Zhao Qu (趙衢), Yin Feng (尹奉) and several others, who were forced to submit to Ma Chao after he seized control of Liang Province, secretly plotted to drive Ma Chao out of the province. Jiang Xu started a revolt in Lu (鹵; or Lucheng, in present-day Li County, Gansu) to lure Ma Chao to attack him, while Zhao Qu and the others pretended to urge Ma Chao to lead his troops to Lu to suppress the revolt. Ma Chao fell for the ruse. Soon after he left Ji, Zhao Qu and the others turned against him and killed his wife and child(ren). At the same time, Ma Chao also failed to recapture Lu from Jiang Xu, so he became stranded.

paragraph: Ma Chao retreated to Hanzhong Commandery, where he borrowed troops from the warlord Zhang Lu and returned to attack Jiang Xu and his allies at Mount Qi (祁山; the mountainous regions around present-day Li County, Gansu). Jiang Xu sent a messenger to Chang'an to request for reinforcements. Xiahou Yuan and the officers in Chang'an held a meeting on whether to help Jiang Xu and his allies or not. Many of the officers thought that they should wait for orders from Cao Cao before making any move. However, Xiahou Yuan had a different opinion and he said, "Our lord is 4,000 "li" away in Ye. By the time he receives our report, Jiang Xu and his allies are done for. Therefore, it is imperative that we send reinforcements to them immediately." He appointed Zhang He to lead 5,000 infantry and cavalry as the vanguard and head towards Mount Qi via a narrow pass at Chencang (陳倉; present-day Chencang District, Baoji, Shaanxi), while he supervised the supply train and followed behind with another army. When Zhang He's 5,000 strong army reached the Wei River, Ma Chao initially sent a few thousand Di and Qiang horsemen to resist the enemy, but later called for a retreat before both sides could engage in battle. Zhang He advanced further and seized the military equipment left behind by Ma Chao's forces. When Xiahou Yuan's army arrived, most the counties in Liang Province had been pacified.

paragraph: After the victory, Xiahou Yuan prepared for an offensive against Ma Chao's ally Han Sui, who retreated when he heard of Xiahou Yuan's approach. Xiahou Yuan captured Han Sui's food supplies and pursued him to Lueyang County. Han Sui had set up a base some 20 "li" away from Xiahou Yuan's position, so Xiahou Yuan's subordinates urged their general to attack either Han Sui or the Di tribes in Xingguo (興國; northeast of present-day Qin'an County, Gansu). Xiahou Yuan chose neither of the two options as he knew that Han Sui's troops were well-prepared for battle and that Xingguo's fortifications were strong. Instead, he planned to attack the Qiang tribes in Changli (長離; along the Hulu River, Gansu). He pointed out that many of Han Sui's soldiers were Qiang tribesmen from Changli, so they would return to save their home if they heard that Changli was under attack. If Han Sui's troops decided to hold their current position, they would be isolated; if they came to defend Changli, Xiahou Yuan's forces would be able to engage them in battle. Xiahou Yuan then ordered his subordinates to guard their supplies and heavy equipment while he led a unit of lightly armed infantry and cavalry to raid Changli, burning down many Qiang camps and killing many people. As Xiahou Yuan expected, the Qiang tribesmen in Han Sui's army returned to Changli and encountered Xiahou Yuan's army. Xiahou Yuan's men were fearful when they saw Han Sui's larger army, so they proposed setting up camps and defensive structures before fighting the enemy. However, Xiahou Yuan said, "We've travelled over a long distance. Our troops will be worn out by the time they finish erecting these defensive structures, and won't have energy left to fight the enemy. The enemy may have superiority in numbers but they are easy to deal with." He then launched an attack on Han Sui's forces and scored a major victory over the enemy, capturing their flags and banners. After that, he returned to Lueyang County and laid siege on Xingguo. The Di chieftains in Xingguo fled to join Ma Chao while the others surrendered. Xiahou Yuan also attacked some Xiongnu encampments at Gaoping (高平; in present-day Guyuan, Ningxia), drove the Xiongnu away, and captured their supplies and livestock. The Han imperial court authorised him to oversee the affairs in the region.

paragraph: During the Liang Province Rebellion in the 180s, a rebel chief Song Jian (宋建) declared himself "King of the River Source Who Pacifies Han" (河首平漢王) in Fuhan County (枹罕縣; around present-day Linxia, Gansu). After Xiahou Yuan pacified Liang Province, Cao Cao ordered him to attack Song Jian. Xiahou Yuan besieged Fuhan, conquered the county within months, and captured and executed Song Jian and all his followers. He also sent Zhang He to force the other Qiang tribes in the region to surrender. By 215, most of western China had been pacified and submitted to Cao Cao's control. Cao Cao wrote an order to praise Xiahou Yuan: "Song Jian had been causing trouble for over 30 years. Xiahou Yuan eliminated him in one movement and made an unprecedented achievement. Confucius once said, 'I cannot do as well as you.'"

paragraph: Section::::Battles around Hanzhong.

paragraph: In 216, the Han imperial court awarded Xiahou Yuan with an additional 300 taxable households in his marquisate, bringing the total number to 800. Subsequently, Xiahou Yuan led an attack on the Di and Qiang tribes of Wudu (武都; in present-day Longnan, Gansu) at Xiabian (下辯), capturing over 100,000 "hu" (斛; a large unit of measurement) of grain. When Cao Cao led his forces to attack the warlord Zhang Lu in Hanzhong Commandery, Xiahou Yuan led all the military officers and nobles in Liang Province to meet Cao Cao at Xiu Village (休亭). The Qiang and tribal chieftains were fearful of Xiahou Yuan whenever they attended meetings with Cao Cao.

paragraph: Zhang Lu surrendered to Cao Cao after his defeat at the Battle of Yangping. Xiahou Yuan was appointed acting Protector-General (都護將軍) and was ordered to pacify Ba Commandery (巴郡) with the aid of Zhang He and Xu Huang. Cao Cao later returned to Ye (in present-day Handan, Hebei) and left Xiahou Yuan and others behind to defend the newly conquered Hanzhong Commandery. Xiahou Yuan was appointed General Who Attacks the West (征西將軍).

paragraph: In 217, Cao Cao's rival Liu Bei, who had taken over Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) in 215, launched a campaign to wrestle control of Hanzhong from Cao Cao. When Liu Bei's forces reached Yangping Pass (陽平關; in present-day Ningqiang County, Shaanxi), Xiahou Yuan led his men to resist the enemy and both sides were locked in a stalemate for nearly a year.

paragraph: One night in February or March 219, Liu Bei set fire to the barbed fences around Xiahou Yuan's camp, so Xiahou Yuan sent Zhang He to defend the eastern part of the camp while he personally led a lightly armed force to guard the south. Zhang He attacked Liu Bei when the latter taunted him, but he failed to overcome the enemy. Xiahou Yuan then sent a fraction of his own troops to help Zhang He. Liu Bei's general Huang Zhong launched a fierce assault on Xiahou Yuan even though his men had less battle experience than Xiahou Yuan's troops. Xiahou Yuan was killed in action.

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan was granted the posthumous title "Marquis Min" (愍侯), which literally means "sympathetic marquis".

paragraph: Cao Cao once gave the following piece of advice to Xiahou Yuan after he scored a series of victories: "A general should consider his weaknesses, be prepared for situations in which he cannot win, and not rely solely on sheer bravery. Courage is a base instinct he should possess, but he should also use wisdom and strategy when he makes moves. One who knows only bravery is no more than an ordinary man who can fight enemies."

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan's spouse was a younger sister of one of Cao Cao's wives.

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan's eldest son, Xiahou Heng (夏侯衡), married the daughter of Cao Cao's younger brother, the Marquis Ai of Haiyang (海陽哀侯). Cao Cao favoured Xiahou Heng, who inherited his father's title "Marquis of Bochang Village" (博昌亭侯). His marquis title was later changed to "Marquis of Anning Village" (安寧亭侯).

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan's second son, Xiahou Ba, served as a military general in the state of Cao Wei. He defected to Wei's rival state, Shu Han, after the regent Sima Yi seized power from his co-regent Cao Shuang and became the "de facto" ruler of Wei.

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan had five other sons who were younger than Xiahou Ba: Xiahou Cheng (夏侯稱), Xiahou Wei, Xiahou Rong (夏侯榮), Xiahou Hui and Xiahou He.

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan also had a niece, who was about 12 or 13 years old in 200 CE. She was out gathering firewood when she was taken by Zhang Fei. She became Zhang Fei's wife and bore him a daughter, who later married Liu Shan and became Empress Jing'ai of the state of Shu Han.

paragraph: Section::::In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan is featured as a character in the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which romanticises the historical events before and during the Three Kingdoms period. He made several appearances in the novel, but the most significant one was his death at the Battle of Mount Dingjun in 219. See Battle of Mount Dingjun#In fiction for details.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Xiahou Yuan is featured as a playable character in Koei's "Dynasty Warriors" and "Warriors Orochi" video game series. In the games, he is Xiahou Dun's brother, and is portrayed as being a bit hapless, but powerful and loyal nonetheless. He also appears in all instalments of the strategy game series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and the real-time wargame "Kessen II", all of which were produced by Koei.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguo Yanyi").

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). "Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi zhu").

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Yi Zhou Shu".

description: Han dynasty general

wikidata_label: Xiahou Yuan

wikipedia_title: Xiahou Yuan


text: courtesy name

text: Cao Wei

text: Three Kingdoms

text: Xiahou Yuan

text: Cao Cao

text: Shu Han

text: Sima Yi

text: coup d'état

text: Xiahou Yuan

text: Cao Cao

text: Battle of Mount Dingjun

text: Huang Zhong

text: Zhang He

text: Guo Huai

text: Xiahou Heng

text: Cao Zhen

text: Hanzhong Commandery

text: Wei Yan

text: Cao Shuang

text: Cao Fang

text: Xiahou Xuan

text: Guo Huai

text: Jiang Wei

text: Liao Hua

text: coup d'état

text: Sima Yi

text: Liu Shan

text: Chengdu

text: Zhang Fei

text: Liu Shan

text: Lelang Commandery

text: North Korea

text: Zhang Ni

text: Zhong Hui

text: Wu

text: his expeditions

text: Battle of Didao

text: Records of Three Kingdoms

text: Deng Zhi

text: Zizhi Tongjian

text: Liao Hua

text: Zhang Yi

text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

text: seventh instalment

text: Koei

text: Dynasty Warriors

text: Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

text: Shu Roads

text: Chen, Shou

text: Records of Three Kingdoms

text: Pei, Songzhi

text: Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms

categories: Cao Wei generals,Shu Han generals,250s deaths,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Xiahou Ba

paragraph: Xiahou Ba (died 255-259), courtesy name Zhongquan, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the second son of Xiahou Yuan, a prominent general who served under Cao Cao, the warlord who laid the foundation for the state of Cao Wei. Around 249, Xiahou Ba defected to Wei's rival state, Shu Han, after the regent Sima Yi seized power in a coup d'état. He was killed in battle sometime between 255 and 259 against Wei forces.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Cao Wei.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Cao Wei.:Early career.

paragraph: Xiahou Ba's parents were important figures in Cao Wei; his father, Xiahou Yuan, had fought alongside his distant cousin and founder of Wei, Cao Cao, since the start of the civil war, and was one of the most trusted of Cao's generals, while Xiahou Ba's mother was a sister-in-law of Cao Cao. After Xiahou Yuan was killed at Battle of Mount Dingjun in 219 at the hands of Shu general, Huang Zhong, most of his troops were placed under the command of Zhang He upon advice from Guo Huai, while his private militia and guards were succeeded by his five sons. Xiahou Ba since then displayed great hatred against Shu, and vowed to revenge for his father. In 220, Xiahou Yuan's eldest son Xiahou Heng was given his own marquisate and marquis title, so Xiahou Ba inherited his father's marquis title with a stipend of tax revenues from 800 taxable households.

paragraph: In 230, when the Wei general Cao Zhen proposed a shift from defensive to offensive stance against Shu Han, Lieutenant-General (偏将军) Xiahou Ba was named as the vanguard. He then led a force towards Hanzhong Commandery taking a route though the 330 km Ziwu Trail (子午道), and camped in a crooked gorge, near the Xingshi camp set up earlier by Shu general, Wei Yan. There, Xiahou Ba was identified by the local residents, who reported his presence to the Shu forces, and was under heavy attack. As the main army of Cao Zhen had not caught up with the vanguard, Xiahou Ba was thrown into a grave situation, where he was forced to rely on personal skills to fight his enemies between barricades until Cao Zhen arrived. The two forces reached a stalemate and the standoff lasted for a few months, but the developments favoured the Shu side as continuous rainfall over a month had rendered narrow valleys impassable, resulting in Wei army's logistical difficulty. In addition to the disadvantageous weather, Wei Yan had penetrated to the Wei army's rear and successfully incited some non-Han tribes to oppose the Wei forces, so Cao Zhen and Xiahou Ba begrudgingly consented on the decision to retreat. Since then, Xiahou Ba was appointed General of the Right, and stationed in Longxi Commandery to train troops; he treated both his militia and common soldiers well, and gained their support.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Cao Wei.:As a trusted aide of Cao Shuang.

paragraph: In the 240s, Xiahou Ba was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Bochang Village and became a close associate of Cao Shuang, Cao Zhen's son and a regent to the Wei emperor Cao Fang. When Cao Shuang decided to wage war against Shu to enhance his personal influence and reputation, Xiahou Ba was made Protector of the Army and came under command of Xiahou Xuan, who was the marquis's son in the clan. For the ensuing campaign, however, the Wei general Guo Huai, whom Xiahou Ba disliked, had the honour of leading the vanguard. This time, Wei forces chose the shorter Tangluo Trail into Shu territory, but again experienced logistic problems as a long section of the trail had no water source. As a result, the Wei forces had no choice but to retreat, and many soldiers merely died of thirst along the way back. After the war, Guo Huai, due to his timely withdrawal of troops, was granted a higher military authority over Xiahou Ba.

paragraph: From 244 to 249, Xiahou Ba played into the hands of Guo Huai, who wielded power to temporarily command him when a military crisis arose. In 247, when some tribal leaders rebelled against Wei, Xiahou Ba came under attack by the Shu general Jiang Wei, who came to support the tribes. Together with Guo Huai, Xiahou Ba repelled Jiang Wei's attack and struck back at the rebels, forcing many of them to surrender. However, E Zhesai (蛾遮塞) of the Qiang tribes and Zhi Wudai (治无戴) of the Hu tribes still persevered, so the war was fragmented into battles that dragged on to 248, wherein Jiang Wei again led Shu forces to the aid of the rebels. At this point, it is clear that Guo Huai, instead of Xiahou Xuan, was the actual commander on the field to give out orders. For instance, when Guo Huai decided to attack Jiang Wei's subordinate, Liao Hua, Xiahou Ba was ordered directly by the decision maker to tail Jiang Wei's main troop to the west. Upon knowing Liao Hua was under attack, Jiang Wei harshly returned to his aide's assistance just as Guo Huai predicted, isolating the rebels from Shu reinforcement. As the Shu commander was worn out from the travel, so was Xiahou Ba, but the glory and merit of subjugating the rebellion went to Guo Huai, who was promoted to a district marquis for his achievements. On the contrary, Xiahou Ba virtually received nothing for his effort in the campaign.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Shu.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Shu.:Defection from Wei to Shu.

paragraph: In 249, after a coup d'état by Sima Yi against Cao Shuang, a lot of the latter's affiliates were also put to death; being a close friend and associate of Cao Shuang, Xiahou Ba was sensitive to the political developments and grew suspicious of Sima Yi's faction. Soon, Xiahou Xuan, who had the staff of authority to command troops over Liang and Yong provinces, was ordered to the capital under the guise of a promotion. Fraught with dread, Xiahou Ba discussed the issue with Xiahou Xuan, and persuaded the latter to flee with him to Shu. But Xiahou Xuan refused and said "I won't live as a guest in a kingdom of barbarians!" What further perturbed Xiahou Ba was the person who succeeded Xiahou Xuan's former position was none other than Guo Huai, whom Xiahou Ba had a personal feud with. Therefore, Xiahou Ba embarked on his lone journey into Shu.

paragraph: On his way to Shu, Xiahou Ba lost his way and went into a dead end in a valley, where he ran out of food and resorted to kill his horse, taking the carcass as a last supper. He kept walking until his legs were crippled, then he laid beneath a shadow projected from a large rock, and asked travellers for direction, but his geometry still could not figure out how to get out from the dead end. When the locals reported the presence of a lame beggar who looked alike to the great general Xiahou Ba who attacked them years ago, the Shu emperor, Liu Shan, hurriedly sent a rescue team to escort his brother-in-law to the Shu capital, Chengdu.

paragraph: Years ago, one of Xiahou Ba's sisters was abducted by the Shu general Zhang Fei and became his wife. As a consequence, the Liu clan and Xiahou clan were linked together though Liu Shan's marriage with Zhang Fei's daughter. That was why Liu Shan called his son a nephew of the Xiahou family. Whether it was for political reasons or a private family issue, Liu Shan appointed the handicapped Xiahou Ba as General of Chariots and Cavalry in Shu.

paragraph: Section::::Service under Shu.:Later life in Shu.

paragraph: Nevertheless, Jiang Wei apparently befriended Xiahou Ba, and the duo went on several campaigns against the state of Wei, and nearly failed all of them. The Wei imperial court pardoned Xiahou Ba's sons on account of Xiahou Yuan's role in the founding of Wei. Instead they were exiled to Lelang Commandery in present-day North Korea.

paragraph: At the time Xiahou Ba was already a sexagenarian, if not a septuagenarian, he was still active in social life. A story about that was recorded in "Folklore of Yi Regions", which says an eager Xiahou Ba once wanted to befriend Zhang Ni, who was famous for subjugating the southern barbarians and was one of the most celebrated Shu generals back then. When Xiahou Ba first met Zhang Ni, he told him, "Although I'm not close to you, I have already entrusted wholly to you for a long time, I hope you would understand this." Zhang Ni responded, "I don't know you, and you don't know me. The rationale is on the other end, how can you say you rely on me? I hope you save your words and continue this talk three years later." This incident was circulated within Shu, and knowledgeable persons and scholars agreed on Zhang Ni's reply and took Xiahou Ba as a joke.

paragraph: As a newcomer from Wei, Xiahou Ba must have had faced discrimination and distrust from his colleagues, but due to his complicated background, he was trusted by Liu Shan, and highly valued by another defector of Wei, Jiang Wei. Once, Jiang Wei asked Xiahou Ba if Sima Yi, who gained control of Wei court, would attack Shu, Xiahou Ba replied, "they just recently established hegemony, so they will not indulge in foreign affairs. However, there is a young Zhong Hui, who will be a threat to both Wu and Shu." Believing Xiahou Ba's views that Sima Yi would not handle border issues for some time, Jiang Wei revived Zhuge Liang's strategy on constantly waging wars against Wei, and brought Xiahou Ba with him on his expeditions. Xiahou Ba distinguished himself in Jiang Wei's only big victory in his campaigns, which was the Battle of Didao, after that battle, Xiahou Ba was not mentioned again in historic records.

paragraph: According to "Records of Three Kingdoms", Xiahou Ba succeeded Deng Zhi as the General of Chariots and Cavalry after the predecessor's death in 251. "Zizhi Tongjian" noted that Xiahou Ba was alive in 255, and "Records of Three Kingdoms" noted Xiahou Ba was not alive in 259, when Liao Hua and Zhang Yi were described to have succeeded his general position, so Xiahou Ba must have had died between 255 and 259.

paragraph: In the 14th-century historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Xiahou Ba's death was altered. When the invasion of Shu occurred in 262, Xiahou Ba defended Shu. At the Battle of Taoyang, he was killed by the arrows and stones that were thrown by the Wei forces laying in wait on the cliffs.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Xiahou Ba is first introduced as a playable character in the seventh instalment of Koei's "Dynasty Warriors" video game series.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shu Roads

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chen, Shou (3rd century). "Records of Three Kingdoms" ("Sanguozhi"), Volumes 9, 44.

description: Chinese general

wikidata_label: Xiahou Ba

wikipedia_title: Xiahou Ba


text:
baseball
pitcher
Miami Marlins
Major League Baseball
San Diego Padres
free agent
Fort Wayne TinCaps
Class A
Midwest League
Lake Elsinore Storm
Class A-Advanced
California League
All-Star Futures Game
Peter O'Brien
Arizona Fall League
Andrew Cashner
Colin Rea
Miami Marlins
Josh Naylor
Jarred Cosart
Carter Capps
Luis Castillo
Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp
Class AA
Southern League
Colombian national baseball team
2017 World Baseball Classic
Jordan Hicks
Aroldis Chapman

categories: Miami Marlins players,Arizona League Padres players,1991 births,Colombian expatriate baseball players in the United States,San Antonio Missions players,El Paso Chihuahuas players,Lake Elsinore Storm players,Major League Baseball players from Colombia,New Orleans Baby Cakes players,Surprise Saguaros players,Eugene Emeralds players,Major League Baseball pitchers,People from Casanare Department,Living people,Tigres de Aragua players,Fort Wayne TinCaps players,Jupiter Hammerheads players,Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp players,Águilas del Zulia players,Dominican Summer League Padres players,Jacksonville Suns players,San Diego Padres players,All-Star Futures Game players

paragraph: Tayron Guerrero

paragraph: Tayron Luis Guerrero (born January 9, 1991) is a Colombian professional baseball pitcher for the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has also played for the San Diego Padres.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:San Diego Padres.

paragraph: The Padres signed Guerrero as an amateur free agent in 2009. In 2014, Guerrero started the season with the Fort Wayne TinCaps of the Class A Midwest League before receiving a promotion to the Lake Elsinore Storm of the Class A-Advanced California League. Guerrero played in the 2014 All-Star Futures Game for the World Team, recording a strikeout of Peter O'Brien. After the season, the Padres assigned Guerrero to the Arizona Fall League to continue his development. He was added to the 40-man roster on November 20, 2014.

paragraph: Guerrero was called up to the major leagues on May 15, 2016, and made his major league debut on May 17.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Miami Marlins.

paragraph: On July 29, 2016, the Padres traded Guerrero, Andrew Cashner, Colin Rea, and cash considerations to the Miami Marlins in exchange for Josh Naylor, Jarred Cosart, Carter Capps, and Luis Castillo. After the trade, he pitched for the Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp of the Class AA Southern League, for whom he was 0-1 with a 3.38 ERA, and struck out 22 batters in 16 innings, averaging 12.4 strikeouts per 9 innings. Guerrero competed for the Colombian national baseball team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic.

paragraph: In 2018 with Miami he was 1-3 with a 5.43 ERA, and 68 strikeouts in 58 innings, averaging 10.6 strikeouts per 9 innings. His fastest pitch of 2018 was 104.0 miles an hour, third-best in MLB only to pitches by Jordan Hicks and Aroldis Chapman.

description: baseball player

wikidata_label: Tayron Guerrero

wikipedia_title: Tayron Guerrero


text: American football

text: basketball

text: halfback

text: quarterback

text: Dan McGugin

text: Vanderbilt Commodores football

text: SIAA

text: Harvard

text: Michigan

text: Bethel

text: Memphis Tigers men's basketball

text: University of Memphis

categories: American men's basketball players,Basketball players from Tennessee,Sportspeople from Memphis, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Commodores football players,1970 deaths,American football drop kickers,Memphis Tigers baseball coaches,Memphis Tigers men's basketball coaches,American football quarterbacks,People from Mississippi County, Arkansas,Players of American football from Tennessee,Memphis Tigers football coaches,Memphis Tigers athletic directors,Vanderbilt Commodores men's basketball players,1890 births

paragraph: Zach Curlin

paragraph: Zachary Henry Curlin (January 31, 1890 – June 3, 1970) was an American football and basketball player and coach.

paragraph: Section::::Background and career.

paragraph: Curlin attended Christian Brothers College (now University) in Memphis and played piano in the band. He was a halfback and quarterback on Dan McGugin's Vanderbilt Commodores football teams from 1910 to 1913, and the starting quarterback in 1912 and 1913, leading Vandy to an SIAA title in 1912. He made kicks on both Harvard and Michigan. Curlin was pulled for his backup Rabbi Robbins in Vanderbilt's largest win its history, a 105–0 win over Bethel in 1912, the muddy conditions better suited to the other's talents. Curlin later served as the Memphis Tigers men's basketball coach for many years. A street bears his name on the University of Memphis campus.

description: American football player and coach, basketball player and coach, baseball coach, college athletics administrator

wikidata_label: Zach Curlin

wikipedia_title: Zach Curlin