text: Turkish-Armenian

text: Agos

text: Armenian

text: Turkey

text: human

text: minority rights

text: denial of the Armenian Genocide

text: Armenian diaspora

text: recognition

text: denigrating Turkishness

text: Turkish nationalist

text: Dink was assassinated

text: Istanbul

text: gendarmerie

text: College of Europe

text: Malatya

text: Gürün

text: Sivas

text: Kangal

text: Istanbul

text: Gedikpaşa Armenian Orphanage

text: Armenian Evangelical Community

text: Tuzla

text: Marmara

text: Hay Avedaranagan İncirdibi Protestant Armenian Primary School

text: Bezciyan School

text: Üsküdar Surp Haç Armenian High School

text: Şişli Public High School

text: Istanbul University

text: zoology

text: Maoist

text: TKP-ML

text: Rakel Yağbasan

text: Tuzla

text: Silopi

text: Cizre

text: Mount Cudi

text: then-compulsory

text: endogamy

text: Patriarch Kalustyan

text: Arat

text: Armenian Apostolic Church

text: Armenian Protestant

text: Patriarch Mutafyan

text: military service

text: Denizli

text: Bakırköy

text: 1980 coup d'état

text: ASALA

text: Orhan Pamuk

text: Agos

text: Armenian

text: Turkish

text: Patriarch Karekin II

text: զատիկ

text: mainstream

text: Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)

text: Abdullah Öcalan

text: Zaman

text: BirGün

text: Marmara

text: Jamanak

text: Republic of Armenia

text: Turkish Armenians

text: citizens of Turkey

text: Perihan Mağden

text: Turkish Journalists' Association

text: Konrad Adenauer Foundation

text: Armenian cultural heritage

text: European Union

text: genocide

text: Screamers

text: diaspora Armenians

text: empathy

text: Armenian-Turkish

text: Turkish Armenians

text: Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code

text: European Court of Human Rights

text: Committee to Protect Journalists

text: Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code

text: Amnesty International

text: 1915 massacre of Armenians

text: genocide

text: Reuters

text: Arat Dink

text: European Court of Human Rights

text: Article 10 ECHR

text: Ankara University

text: Yasin Hayal

text: European Court of Human Rights

text: freedom of expression

text: Henri Nannen Prize

text: Stern

text: Oxfam/Novib PEN Award for Freedom of Expression

text: Oxfam Novib

text: The Norwegian Academy of Literature and Freedom of Expression

text: Hermann Kesten Medal

text: International Press Institute World Press Freedom Hero

text: Taner Akçam

text: The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity

text: Vahakn Dadrian

text: Hrant Dink Foundation

text: Taksim SK

text: Agos

text: Anti-Armenianism

text: Armenian Genocide

text: Armenian Genocide denial

text: Armenian Genocide recognition

text: List of assassinated people from Turkey

text: "Ararat" (film)

text: Atom Egoyan

text: Conscience Films

text: International Hrant Dink Foundation Turkey

text: Friends of Hrant initiative

text: Agos newspaper official web site

text: For Hrant For Justice

text: Extracts from Hrant Dink's last column

text: BBC News

text: The New York Times News about Hrant Dink

text: the interview with TV5

text: "Ermeni Kimliği Üzerine"

text: Baskın Oran

categories: People from Malatya,Taksim SK footballers,Turkish people of Armenian descent,Deaths by firearm in Turkey,People murdered in Turkey,Journalists killed in Turkey,Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights,Assassinated Turkish journalists,Assassinated Armenian journalists,Armenian Apostolic Christians,European Court of Human Rights cases involving Turkey,2007 deaths,Istanbul University alumni,1954 births,Turkish human rights activists,Turkish Christians

paragraph: Hrant Dink

paragraph: Hrant Dink (; ; September 15, 1954 – January 19, 2007) was a Turkish-Armenian intellectual, editor-in-chief of "Agos", journalist and columnist.

paragraph: As editor-in-chief of the bilingual Turkish-Armenian newspaper "Agos", Dink was a prominent member of the Armenian minority in Turkey. Dink was best known for advocating Turkish–Armenian reconciliation and human and minority rights in Turkey; he was often critical of both Turkey's denial of the Armenian Genocide, and of the Armenian diaspora's campaign for its international recognition. Dink was prosecuted three times for denigrating Turkishness, while receiving numerous death threats from Turkish nationalists.

paragraph: Dink was assassinated in Istanbul on January 19, 2007 by Ogün Samast, a 17-year-old Turkish nationalist. Dink was shot three times in the head and died instantly. Photographs of the assassin flanked by smiling Turkish police and gendarmerie, posing with the killer side by side in front of the Turkish flag, surfaced. The photos sparked a scandal in Turkey, prompting a spate of investigations and the removal from office of those involved. Samast was later sentenced to 22 years in prison by a Turkish court; he remains incarcerated.

paragraph: At Dink's funeral, over one hundred thousand mourners marched in protest of the assassination, chanting, "We are all Armenians" and "We are all Hrant Dink". Criticism of Article 301 became increasingly vocal after his death, leading to parliamentary proposals for repeal. The 2007–2008 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hrant Dink was born in Malatya on September 15, 1954, the eldest of three sons to Sarkis Dink (known as Haşim Kalfa), a tailor from Gürün, Sivas, and Gülvart Dink, from Kangal, Sivas. His father's gambling debts led to the family's move to Istanbul in 1960, where they sought a new beginning. Sarkis Dink's gambling continued in İstanbul, however, and one year after their move, Dink's parents separated, leaving the seven-year-old Dink and his brothers without a place to live. Dink's grandmother enrolled the boys at the Gedikpaşa Armenian Orphanage; Dink often noted his grandfather, who spoke seven languages and read constantly, as the role model and father figure who inspired his love of letters.

paragraph: The Gedikpaşa Armenian Orphanage, an institution run by the Armenian Evangelical Community, was to be home to Hrant Dink for the next ten years. The orphanage children spent their summers at the Tuzla Armenian Children's Camp, on the Marmara beachfront in a suburb of İstanbul, building and improving the summer camp during their stay. The Tuzla Armenian Children's Camp played a significant role in Hrant Dink's life, both personally, as he met his future wife as a child and later married her at the Camp, and professionally, as the government-led closing of the Camp in 1984 was one of the factors that raised Dink's awareness of the issues of the Armenian community and eventually led to his becoming an activist.

paragraph: Dink received his primary education at the Hay Avedaranagan İncirdibi Protestant Armenian Primary School and Bezciyan School and his secondary education at the Üsküdar Surp Haç Armenian High School, working as a tutor at the same time.

paragraph: During his senior year, he was expelled from the Üsküdar Surp Haç, and completed his high school degree at the Şişli Public High School. Hrant Dink continued his education at Istanbul University, where he studied zoology and became a sympathizer of TİKKO, the armed faction of the Maoist TKP-ML. Around this time, in 1972, he legally changed his name (to Fırat Dink), along with two Armenian friends, Armanek and İstepan, to disassociate their factional activities from the Armenian community. His friend Armanek Bakırcıyan, who changed his name to Orhan Bakır, later rose in TİKKO to membership of the central committee, took part in armed struggle in Eastern Turkey and was killed during fighting in 1978. Having fallen in love, Hrant Dink parted ways with his friends and remained at the sympathizer level, completing his bachelor's degree in Zoology and enrolling in the Philosophy Department for a second bachelor's degree, which he did not complete.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Rakel Yağbasan, childhood friend, future wife.

paragraph: Dink met his future wife, Rakel Yağbasan, when she came to the Tuzla Armenian Children's Camp at age nine in 1968. Born in 1959 in Silopi, Cizre, Rakel was one of 13 children of Siyament Yağbasan, head of the Varto clan and Delal Yağbasan who died when Rakel was a child.

paragraph: In 1915, the Varto clan had received orders to relocate along with the rest of the Armenian population in the region, but they were attacked during the journey. Five families from the clan escaped to nearby Mount Cudi and settled there, remaining without any contact to the outside world for 25 years. Eventually they re-established contact and largely assimilated into the nearby Kurdish population, speaking Kurdish exclusively, although they retained knowledge of their Armenian origin and Christian beliefs. Armenian Protestant lay preacher Hrant Güzelyan (also known as Küçükgüzelyan), who was running a program for relocating Anatolian Armenians to İstanbul, visited the clan and brought back around 20 children to the Tuzla Camp, including Rakel and two of her brothers.

paragraph: Staying at the Tuzla Camp during summers and at the Gedikpaşa Orphanage during winters, Rakel learned Turkish and Armenian, and finished primary school. Because Rakel was registered as a Turk, not as an Armenian, she was not allowed to enroll at Armenian community schools and her father did not give permission for her to attend a Turkish school past then-compulsory 5th grade. Not able to obtain further formal schooling, Rakel was privately tutored by instructors at the Gedikpaşa Orphanage.

paragraph: Rakel's father, Siyament Yağbasan, at first opposed Hrant Dink's marriage proposal since the Varto clan traditionally practiced endogamy, but eventually relented when elders of the Armenian community, including Patriarch Kalustyan, applied pressure and Rakel declared that she would marry no one else. Hrant Dink and Rakel Yağbasan got married in a civil ceremony at the Tuzla Camp on April 19, 1976 when they were 22 and 17, respectively. One year later, at Rakel Dink's insistence, the couple conducted a church wedding ceremony on April 23, 1977. Hrant and Rakel Dink had three children: Delal, Arat, and Sera.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Religious beliefs.

paragraph: Dink was baptized and married within the Armenian Apostolic Church, but was educated and sheltered at Armenian Protestant institutions and received his introduction to religion within the Protestant sphere. Dink was a member of the Armenian Evangelical Church of Gedikpaşa, Istanbul, as well as a member by birth in the Armenian Apostolic Church. He regarded both churches as part of his culture and said that he was not someone who dealt heavily with religious rituals. Keeping the duality to the end, his funeral service was held in the Apostolic Church, by Patriarch Mutafyan, with Protestant ministers delivering eulogies at the burial.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:After university.

paragraph: Having graduated from the university, Hrant Dink completed his military service in Denizli; not being promoted to sergeant despite his full marks on the examination caused him to weep. Whether his not being promoted was due to his association with TİKKO or his Armenian heritage, the discrimination he felt was one of the turning points on his way to activism. Returning to İstanbul, Dink established ""Beyaz Adam"" ("literally "White Man""), a bookstore in the Bakırköy district with his brothers Hosrop and Yervant in 1979. Encouraging students to browse and borrow needed books, the store gained recognition by word of mouth and gradually expanded into a multi-location bookstore and publishing house that specialized in textbooks, children's books, atlases and dictionaries. After the 1980 coup d'état, when it became difficult for Turkish citizens to obtain passports for travel abroad, Dink's brother Hosrop started traveling to Beirut and then to Europe by using falsified identification papers, and when he was caught in the act, Hrant Dink was also taken into custody as an associate. Soon afterwards, Dink was questioned twice again by the police, once when a former resident of the Tuzla Camp was investigated for possible connections to ASALA, an Armenian terrorist organization, and again when Hrant Güzelyan, who ran the Tuzla Camp, was arrested and charged with anti-Turkish propaganda, and had ASALA demand his release when they occupied the Turkish Consulate General in Paris and took hostages.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.:Tuzla Armenian Children's Camp.

paragraph: Dink, together with his wife Rakel, took over the management of the Tuzla Armenian Children's Camp at the time of Güzelyan's arrest, while continuing in the bookstore business with his brothers. In 1979, the General Directorate of Foundations started a court action to annul Gedikpaşa Armenian Protestant Church's ownership of the camp, based on a 1974 ruling by the Court of Appeals that made it impossible for minority foundations to own real estate beyond what they possessed in 1936. After a five-year legal battle, the court ruled that the land should be returned to its previous owner and in 1984 the camp was closed down. The closure of the camp, where over 22 years around 1,500 children stayed affected Dink deeply and over the years he wrote about the camp often:

paragraph: The Tuzla Armenian Children's Camp was the subject of an exhibit by the Turkish Human Rights Organization in 1996, the materials from which was published in book form in 2000, with a foreword by Orhan Pamuk and an afterword by Hrant Dink. In 2001 the camp grounds were sold to a local businessman who intended to build a house on the site until Dink contacted him and let him know that the land had belonged to an orphanage. The businessman offered to donate the land back, but the law at the time did not permit it. At the time of Dink's death in 2007, the camp grounds continued to stand empty, awaiting the new Foundation law that was passed at the end of 2006 but was vetoed and returned to parliament by President Sezer.

paragraph: Section::::Editor of "Agos".

paragraph: Dink was one of the founders of "Agos" weekly, the only newspaper in Turkey published in Armenian and Turkish, serving as its editor-in-chief from its founding in 1996 until his death in 2007. The first issue appeared on April 5, 1996 and was hailed by Patriarch Karekin II as a "զատիկ" (Easter) gift.

paragraph: "Agos" was born out of a meeting called by Patriarch Karekin II when mainstream media started linking Armenians of Turkey with the illegal Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). A picture of PKK's leader Abdullah Öcalan and an Assyrian priest appeared in a Turkish daily, with the caption "Here's proof of the Armenian-PKK cooperation". Patriarch Karekin II asked the attendees at the meeting what needed to be done and the opinion that emerged from the meeting was that the Armenians in Turkey needed to communicate with the society at large. The group held a widely covered press conference, followed by monthly press events and eventually formed Agos.

paragraph: Dink had not been a professional journalist until founding "Agos". Up to that point, he had contributed occasional articles and book reviews to local Armenian language newspapers and corrections and letters to the editor to the national dailies. He soon became well known for his editorials in "Agos" and also wrote columns in the national dailies "Zaman" and "BirGün".

paragraph: Up to the founding of "Agos", the Armenian community had two main newspapers, "Marmara" and "Jamanak", both published only in Armenian. By publishing in Turkish as well as Armenian, Hrant Dink opened up the channels of communication to the society at large for the Armenian community. After Agos started its publication, the participation of Armenians in the political-cultural life in Turkey increased greatly, and public awareness in Turkey of the issues of the Armenians started to increase. Always willing to speak on the issues faced by Armenians, Hrant Dink emerged as a leader in his community and became a well-known public figure in Turkey.

paragraph: At its inception, "Agos" started with a circulation of 2,000, and at the time of Hrant Dink's death had reached a circulation of around 6,000. Influential beyond its circulation, often applauded greatly by some and criticized heavily by others, Agos became a paper whose editorial viewpoint was sought after.

paragraph: Section::::Editor of "Agos".:Editorial policy.

paragraph: Dink's unique perspective has been described as a "four way mirror", simultaneously empathetic to people of the Armenian diaspora, citizens of the Republic of Armenia, Turkish Armenians, and citizens of Turkey. Under Dink's editorship, "Agos" concentrated on five major topics: Speaking against any unfair treatment of the Armenian community in Turkey, covering human rights violations and problems of democratization in Turkey, carrying news of developments in the Republic of Armenia, with special emphasis on the Turkey-Armenia relations, publishing articles and serials on the Armenian cultural heritage and its contributions to the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, criticizing malfunctions and non-transparency in the Armenian community institutions.

paragraph: As a leftist activist, Dink often spoke and wrote about the problems of democratization in Turkey, defending other authors such as Nobel laureate Orhan Pamuk and novelist Perihan Mağden who came under criticism and prosecution for their opinions. In a speech Hrant Dink delivered on May 19, 2006, at a seminar jointly organized in Antalya by the Turkish Journalists' Association and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, he said:

paragraph: Acting as a voluntary spokesperson for the Armenian community in Turkey, Dink, through "Agos", addressed the particular prejudices, injustices and problems the community faced in its interaction with the Turkish society and state. "Agos", through Dink's pen, criticized discrimination against Armenians found in Turkish mainstream media, publicized the problems faced by Armenian foundations, and spoke against cases of destruction of the Armenian cultural heritage.

paragraph: Section::::Editor of "Agos".:Armenian issues.

paragraph: Dink hoped his questioning would pave the way for peace between the two peoples:

paragraph: He defended his constant challenge of established notions:

paragraph: Dink was one of Turkey's most prominent Armenian voices and, despite threats on his life, he refused to remain silent. He always said his aim was to improve the difficult relationship between Turks and Armenians. Active in various democratic platforms and civil society organizations, Hrant Dink emphasized the need for democratization in Turkey and focused on the issues of free speech, minority rights, civic rights and issues pertaining to the Armenian community in Turkey. He was a very important peace activist. In his public speeches, which were often intensely emotional, he never refrained from using the word genocide when talking about the Armenian Genocide, a term fiercely rejected by Turkey.

paragraph: At the same time, he felt the term genocide had a political meaning, rather than a historical one, and he was critical of Armenian diaspora campaigning governments for official recognition of the genocide. In 2005, he accused Germany of using the genocide to block Turkey's entry to the European Union, stating that he was ashamed, as an Armenian, that such manner of drama and political maneuvering should continue into the present day, and stating that he shared from the heart the pain of the Turkish families and Muslim families as part of the process he called "yüzleşme" or Turkey's confronting its past.

paragraph: Dink featured prominently in the 2006 genocide documentary film "Screamers" in which he explains:

paragraph: Dink believed that diaspora Armenians should be able to live free of the weight of historical memory (the "residues of the past"), considering first and foremost the needs of the living majority (he said "eyes of the other side").

paragraph: Indicating that a show of empathy would have nothing to do with accepting or refusing the genocide, Dink called for dialogue:

paragraph: By pointing out issues of rhetorical discourse that hampered Armenian-Turkish dialogue, he believed these obstacles could be overcome to the benefit of Turkish Armenians.

paragraph: He was opposed to the French law that makes denial of Armenian Genocide a crime. He was planning to go to France to commit this 'crime', when the law came into effect.

paragraph: According to Dink, "Agos" helped the development of the Armenian community such that it helped triple the participation in the last Patriarchal elections, trained many journalists, became the community's face to Turkish society and cultivated many friends. He voiced his intention for an "Institute of Armenian Studies" in Istanbul. He tried to make it the democratic, opposition voice of Turkey, a voice used to inform the public of the injustices committed against the Armenian community. One of the major aims of the newspaper was to contribute to a dialog between the Turkish and Armenian communities, as well as between Turkey and Armenia.

paragraph: Section::::Editor of "Agos".:Policy view.

paragraph: Dink promoted a policy of wider integration of Turkish-Armenians into the wider Turkish society. Critical of state injustices, he often underlined the fact that a stronger Turkey would be achieved through the elimination of discrimination. Even after his conviction for speaking of the Armenian Genocide, Dink continued to value his community, city, and country, noting often that his analysis and criticism was in the interest of strengthening the country. He concentrated on the mismanagement of community institutions, tried to promote obtaining rights through legal means, and was always open to compromise, once noting, "After all, Turkey is very reluctant to concede rights to its majority as well."

paragraph: In his latest conference, held in Malatya Association of Entrepreneurs, Dink claimed that the Kurds were now falling in for the traps that the Armenians fell in the past. He stated that "English, Russian, German, and French are playing the same game again in this land. In the past, the Armenian people trusted them, thought they would rescue them from the cruelity of the Ottoman. But they were wrong, because they finished their business and they left. And they left brothers of this land as enemies". He claimed that the US is now playing the same game, and this time Kurds are falling for it. He said "That is America. Comes, minds its own business, and when he is done, leaves. And then people here, scuffle within themselves".

paragraph: Section::::Prosecution for denigrating Turkishness.

paragraph: Dink was prosecuted three times for denigrating Turkishness under Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code. He was acquitted the first time, convicted and received a suspended 6-month jail sentence the second time, which he had appealed at the European Court of Human Rights. At the time of his death, the prosecutor's office was preparing to press charges in a third case.

paragraph: The first charge under the previous version of Article 301, then called Article 159, stemmed from a speech he delivered at a panel hosted by human rights NGO Mazlum-Der in Şanlıurfa on 14 February 2002. Speaking at the "Global Security, Terror and Human Rights, Multiculturalism, Minorities and Human Rights" panel, Dink and another speaker, lawyer Şehmus Ülek, faced charges for denigrating Turkishness and the Republic. In the speech, Dink had stated: On February 9, 2006, Dink, and Şehmus Ülek, who stood trial for another speech at the same panel, were acquitted of all charges.

paragraph: The second charge under 301 was pressed for Dink's article called "Getting to know Armenia" (February 13, 2004), in which he suggested to diaspora Armenians that it was time to rid themselves of their enmity against Turks, a condition he considered himself free of, keeping himself emotionally healthy while at the same time knowing something of discrimination. His statement, "replace the poisoned blood associated with the Turk, with fresh blood associated with Armenia" resulted in a six-month suspended sentence.

paragraph: Dink defended himself vigorously against the charges:

paragraph: In a February 2006 interview with the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Dink spoke about his 2005 conviction for denigrating Turkishness in a criminal court:

paragraph: In the same CPJ interview, he explained that while he had always been a target of Turkish nationalists, the past year had seen an increase in their efforts:

paragraph: His appeal of the ruling that found him guilty was rejected by a Turkish court in May 2006. Having exhausted internal appeal mechanisms, Dink appealed to the European Court of Human Rights for an overturn of the ruling on January 15. The appeal suggests that Article 301 compromises freedom of expression and that Dink has been discriminated against because of his Armenian ethnicity. Dink's family has the right to decide whether or not to proceed with the appeal after his death.

paragraph: In September 2006, another case was opened against Dink on charges of 'denigrating Turkishness' under Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code, which Amnesty International considered to be "part of an emerging pattern of harassment against the journalist exercising his right to freedom of expression." The charge was brought against him by the Istanbul Prosecutor's Office after he referred to the 1915 massacre of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire as genocide during a July 14, 2006 interview with Reuters:

paragraph: The charges were also leveled at Serkis Seropyan and Dink's son Arat Dink, as the holder of Agos's publishing license and executive editor, respectively. On June 14, 2007, the case against Hrant Dink was dropped due to his death, though proceedings for Serkis Seropyan and Arat Dink were scheduled for July 18, 2007.

paragraph: In September, 2010, the European Court of Human Rights found that Turkish authorities have violated Dink's freedom of speech (Article 10 ECHR) by criminal proceedings against him for alleged denigration of Turkish identity and in reality, for criticizing the state institutions' denial of the view that the events of 1915 amounted to genocide.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination.

paragraph: Dink was assassinated in Istanbul around 12:00 GMT on January 19, 2007, as he returned to the offices of "Agos". The killer was reported to have introduced himself as an Ankara University student who wanted to meet with Mr. Dink. When his request was rejected, he waited in front of a nearby bank for a while. According to eyewitnesses, Dink was shot by a man of 25 to 30 years of age, who fired three shots at Dink's head from the back at point blank range before fleeing the scene on foot. According to the police, the assassin was a man of 18 to 19 years of age. Two men had been taken into custody in the first hours of the police investigation, but were later released. Another witness, the owner of a restaurant near the "Agos" office, said the assassin looked about 20, wore jeans and a cap and shouted "I shot the infidel" as he left the scene. Dink's wife and daughter collapsed when they heard the news, and were taken to the hospital.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination.:Funeral.

paragraph: Dink's funeral service was held on January 23, 2007 in the Surp Asdvadzadzin Patriarchal Church in the Kumkapı neighborhood of Istanbul. Dink's funeral ceremony developed into a demonstration at which over 100,000 marched chanting "We are all Armenians". Along the way thousands of people leaned out of their office windows and threw flowers.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination.:Trial.

paragraph: The Dink murder trial opened in Istanbul on 2 July 2007. Eighteen people were charged at Istanbul Heavy Penal Court No 14 in connection with the journalist's assassination. Since the main suspect, Ogün Samast was younger than 18, the hearing was not public. Reportedly, the defendants Yasin Hayal and Erhan Tuncel repeated their testimonies given to the security forces and prosecutor. The court decided to release the defendants Osman Altay, Irfan Özkan, Salih Hacisalihoglu and Veysel Toprak to be tried without remand and adjourned the hearing to 1 October.

paragraph: On 25 July 2011, Samast was convicted of premeditated murder and illegal possession of a firearm by Istanbul's Heavy Juvenile Criminal Court. He was sentenced to 22 years and 10 months in prison, and could be eligible for parole in 2021, after serving two thirds of his sentence. Another suspect, Yasin Hayal, was convicted of ordering the murder and was sentenced to life imprisonment.

paragraph: In July 2014, the Turkish Supreme Court ruled that the investigation into the killing had been flawed, thus paving the way for trials of police officials and other public authorities. In the pursuit of this case hearings were held, and in January 2017 Ali Fuat Yılmazer, the former head of Turkey's police intelligence branch, gave testimony that the killing was "deliberately not prevented" and security authorities in Istanbul and Trabzon were responsible.

paragraph: Section::::Assassination.:ECHR.

paragraph: In 2011 the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Turkey had failed to protect Dink's life and freedom of expression. He had received death threats from ultranationalists after writing articles concerning Turkish-Armenian identity, the Armenian origins of one of Ataturk's adopted daughters and even the role of Turkey in the genocide of Armenians during World War I.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005 Ayşenur Zarakolu Award for Freedom of Thought and Expression, awarded by the Turkish Human Rights Association in Turkey

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 Henri Nannen Prize for Freedom of the Press by Gruner + Jahr, publisher of "Stern" in Germany

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 Oxfam/Novib PEN Award for Freedom of Expression by Oxfam Novib in Netherlands

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 Bjørnson Prize by The Norwegian Academy of Literature and Freedom of Expression in Norway

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 Armenian Presidential State Prize, citing Dink's contribution to "restoration of historical justice, mutual understanding between peoples, freedom of speech, and protection of human rights."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 (posthumous) Hermann Kesten Medal for outstanding efforts in support of persecuted writers

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007 International Press Institute World Press Freedom Hero

paragraph: Taner Akçam's 2012 book "The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity" is dedicated to Dink and to Vahakn Dadrian.

paragraph: The Hrant Dink Foundation now hosts an annual "Hrant Dink Award" ceremony to recognize other human rights activists.

paragraph: Section::::Fırat Dink, Taksim SK player.

paragraph: He played professional football with Taksim SK, which is the Armenian Community team, in the 1982–83 season. His name was written as Fırat Dink in his licence.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agos

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anti-Armenianism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armenian Genocide

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armenian Genocide denial

paragraph: BULLET::::- Armenian Genocide recognition

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of assassinated people from Turkey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ararat" (film) 2002 film directed, written, and co-produced by Canadian Atom Egoyan about the Armenian Genocide

paragraph: BULLET::::- Conscience Films

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- International Hrant Dink Foundation Turkey – established by Hrant Dink's family and friends.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Friends of Hrant initiative- Regular update on the Hrant Dink murder case press briefings and statements.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Agos newspaper official web site and

paragraph: BULLET::::- For Hrant For Justice A documentary about the justice disaster after the assassination and short films made for Hrant

paragraph: BULLET::::- Extracts from Hrant Dink's last column, "BBC News".

paragraph: BULLET::::- The New York Times News about Hrant Dink

paragraph: BULLET::::- Transcribed video of the interview with TV5 with French and English subtitles.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hrant Dink, "Ermeni Kimliği Üzerine" in the personal website of Baskın Oran.

description: Turkish newspaper editor, journalist and columnist

wikidata_label: Hrant Dink

wikipedia_title: Hrant Dink


text:
German
teacher
author
Glaisin
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Schwerin
Low German
proverb
riddle
Richard Wossidlo
Jürnjakob Swehn der Amerikafahrer
Parchim
United States
Iowa
German
University of Iowa
America
Iowa

categories: 1930 deaths,German schoolteachers,1861 births,People from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

paragraph: Johannes Gillhoff

paragraph: Johannes Heinrich Carl Christian Gillhoff (May 24, 1861 – January 16, 1930) was a German teacher and author.

paragraph: Gillhof was born in Glaisin in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He followed in his father's profession as a teacher. He graduated in 1881 from a teaching school and later passed the teaching examination in Schwerin.

paragraph: After becoming a teacher Gillhoff would begin collecting colloquial expressions used by locals, starting as early as 1888. Gillhoff collected about 4,000 Low German expressions, speech patterns and proverbs and published them in a report. In 1892 he published a work called "Mecklenburgischen Volksrätseln" (roughly translated "Mecklenburg folk riddles"). The book unites 931 riddles, plus variants, that Gillhoff subdivided into subject areas. This work by Gillhoff was overshadowed in 1897 by a similar work by Richard Wossidlo.

paragraph: Gillhoff's most well-known work, "Jürnjakob Swehn der Amerikafahrer", roughly translated into English as "Jürnjakob Swehn, the Traveler to America", was published in 1917. Gillhoff retired from teaching in 1924, but would go on to publish the work called "Mecklenburgischen Monatshefte" ("Mecklenburg monthly notes"). Gillhoff died in the town of Parchim.

paragraph: "Jürnjakob Swehn der Amerikafahrer" is considered his most important work. The book is about a single individual (Jürnjakob Swehn) who had emigrated to the United States in 1868, and details his experiences there in the form of letters sent back to his old school teacher in Mecklenburg. Jürnjakob would travel to Iowa and become a farm hand, and would later marry and gain his own farm and a modest amount of wealth. The book also detailed the establishment of a local German speaking church, their acquiring of a pastor, and the preaching of lay preachers before the arrival of the pastor. Gillhoff's book also discussed the beginnings of a German-speaking school in Jürnjakob Swehn's small community and his homesickness for his "old Mecklenburg".

paragraph: The style of writing is rough and colloquial, such as would be found in personal correspondence, and the story line contains great degree of spontaneity, with many Mecklenburg proverbs thrown in, mostly in the Low German style. The main character is portrayed as an honest, hard working and modest man with a simple lifestyle. Elements of humor are interspersed throughout the book. The book, which was said to have an earthy charm, enjoyed some success in Germany around the time of its release, with over a million sold. In the year 2000 the book was translated into English and published in the United States, through the help of the University of Iowa. The book was often thought of as fiction, but in actuality it was an amalgam of real letters, detailing real experiences of multiple German (Mecklenburger) immigrants to America. These letters were written by former students of Gillhoff's father, and sent to him over the years. Insights about the experiences these people had, and the life they had lived in Mecklenburg can offer the reader some sharp insights. There are some suggestions that the book was solely or largely based on the experiences of one man named Carl Wiedow who left Glaisin for America in 1868 and died in Iowa in 1913.

paragraph: There is a small museum in Glaisin honoring the work of Gilhoff, and displaying artifacts surrounding the man and the letters that were sent to him.

paragraph: Section::::Gillhoff's Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1892: Mecklenburgische Volksrätsel

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1905: Bilder aus dem Dorfleben

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1917: Jürnjakob Swehn, der Amerikafahrer

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1925 through 1930: Mecklenburgische Monatshefte

description: German teacher and author

wikidata_label: Johannes Gillhoff

wikipedia_title: Johannes Gillhoff


text:
Germany national football team
1934
1938
DFB
1934
1936 Olympics
Reinhold Münzenberg
Sepp Herberger
bicycle kick
Kriegsmarine
Wilhelmshaven 05
Hamburger SV
Fortuna Düsseldorf
Eintracht Trier
Western German football championship
German football championship
German Cup
Paul-Janes-Stadion
Düsseldorf-Flingern
Fortuna Düsseldorf
Helmut Schön
International career
Leverkusen who's who

categories: German footballers,1912 births,Eintracht Frankfurt players,1938 FIFA World Cup players,Germany international footballers,1987 deaths,1934 FIFA World Cup players,People from Leverkusen,Fortuna Düsseldorf managers,German football managers,Fortuna Düsseldorf players,Association football fullbacks,Association football sweepers

paragraph: Paul Janes

paragraph: Paul Janes (11 March 1912 – 12 June 1987) was a German football player. He earned 71 caps and scored 7 goals for the Germany national football team from 1932 to 1942, and played in two World Cups: 1934 and 1938. Janes was a member of the Breslau Eleven that beat Denmark 8:0 in Breslau in 1937 and went on to win 10 out 11 games played during that year.

paragraph: The DFB list him in the top 20 best German footballers of all time.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: One of the best full backs of his era, Paul Janes established a record for most German caps which wasn’t broken until 1970. Janes started out as a right half back, but during the 1934 World Cup he debuted as right back and stayed at that position for some 4 seasons before moving back into a sweeper role. He was injured during the 1936 Olympics and thus was spared of the embarrassing defeat of Germany by Norway. During the latter half of the 1930s, Germany possessed one of the strongest full back pairings in European football with Paul Janes on the right and Reinhold Münzenberg on the left side. Vittorio Pozzo, the coach of World Champions Italy, nominated Janes for a 1937 continental selection, but Janes could not participate due to an injury. One of Janes’ best assets was his powerful yet accurate shooting ability, which gave him the nickname "World Champion of Precision". His trademark were hard shots from all possible angles, his seven goals for Germany all came from either freekicks (4) or penalties (3). He was also a very calm player who kept his cool even in nerve-wrecking situations. Sepp Herberger said about Janes’ characteristics: "He rarely was caught off-guard on the pitch, as he had the ability to anticipate what the opponent was planning and he interpreted defensive play always as the first step in building up the next attack." Despite his calmness and overall cleverness, Janes was renowned for an extravaganza that he had imported from South America: He was the first German footballer to specialize in the acrobatic bicycle kick.

paragraph: During World War II, Janes served in the Kriegsmarine and was able to continue playing, including spells as a wartime guest player with Wilhelmshaven 05 and "Fortuna Glückstadt" - both from towns with Kriegsmarine ports - as well as Hamburger SV where he played his last league match in November 1944. He captained Germany 31 times. Despite his age of 38, Janes almost would have had a comeback for Germany in the first international game after World War II in 1950, but he broke his foot shortly before and thus had to finish his career for good. Janes was known to be a silent man who didn’t divulge in too much talking. In 1934, he was asked about what it was like playing in the World Cup in Italy, his response was: "Warm".

paragraph: His home team was Fortuna Düsseldorf, where he worked as trainer after the war. He also coached Eintracht Trier. During his playing career "Düsseldorf" dominated the (topflight) district division through the late 1920s and 1930s, winning the Western German football championship in 1931, the German football championship in 1933 and a German Vice-Championship in 1936. The club also appeared in the final of the Tschammerpokal, predecessor of today's German Cup, in 1937. The Paul-Janes-Stadion in Düsseldorf-Flingern is one of the grounds of Fortuna Düsseldorf (1930–1972 and 2002–2005), named after their famous player.

paragraph: In his 1978 book "Fussball", Helmut Schön characterised Janes as follows:

paragraph: "A man who could fight but also able to play technically brilliant. He was gifted with a simply phenomenal spin kick; he scored countless goals with freekicks from 30 or 40 meters with his glass-hard shot."

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- International career

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leverkusen who's who

description: German footballer

wikidata_label: Paul Janes

wikipedia_title: Paul Janes


text:
count of Toulouse
count of Tripoli
Tripoli
Raymond IV of Toulouse
First Crusade
Philippa
William IX of Aquitaine
Holy Land
William-Jordan
Baldwin I
king of Jerusalem
Genoese
captured Tripoli
Helie of Burgundy
Eudes I
Pons
Alphonse-Jordan

categories: Occitan nobility,1112 deaths,Margraves of Provence,Counts of Tripoli,Counts of Toulouse,12th-century rulers in Europe

paragraph: Bertrand, Count of Toulouse

paragraph: Bertrand of Toulouse (or Bertrand of Tripoli) (died 1112) was count of Toulouse, and was the first count of Tripoli to rule in Tripoli itself.

paragraph: Bertrand was the eldest son of Raymond IV of Toulouse, and had ruled Toulouse since Raymond left on the First Crusade in 1095. He was, between 1098 and 1100, dispossessed by his cousin Philippa and her husband Duke William IX of Aquitaine, who marched into Toulouse and captured it. Later they mortgaged it back to Bertrand in 1100 to fund Duke William's expedition to the Holy Land. Bertrand officially became count of Toulouse when Raymond died in 1105, and in 1108 he headed to Tripoli to take control there as well. He deposed Raymond's nephew William-Jordan as nominal count of Tripoli in 1109, and with Baldwin I, king of Jerusalem, and a fleet of Genoese ships he captured Tripoli on 12 July.

paragraph: Bertrand married in June 1095, Helie of Burgundy, daughter of Eudes I.

paragraph: Bertrand ruled in Tripoli until his death in 1112. He was succeeded by his son Pons in Tripoli, and by his brother Alphonse-Jordan in Toulouse - although Toulouse was at that point again lost to Philippa and William.

description: French count

wikidata_label: Bertrand, Count of Toulouse

wikipedia_title: Bertrand, Count of Toulouse


text:
Archpriest
French
mercenary soldier
Brigand
Hundred Years War
14th century
Lot-et-Garonne
Périgord
ecclesiastical fief
Velines
Dordogne
France
castle
escalade
bandit
Count of Alençon
Battle of Poitiers
André de Chauvigny
Battle of Poitiers
Enguerran of Eudin
Avignon
Pope Innocent VI
Dauphin
Treaty of Brétigny
Tard-Venus
groups of mecanries
Avignon
ransom
Pope
plunder
Burgundy
John II
Battle of Brignais
Turk
Hungary
tard-Venus
Rhone Valley
Pope Urban V
Crusade
Saône
Guillaume de Machaut
Michael Crichton
Timeline
film adaptation
Lambert Wilson

categories: 1366 deaths,People of the Hundred Years' War,French soldiers,Medieval mercenaries,Year of birth unknown,French mercenaries,French prisoners of war in the Hundred Years' War,Hundred Years' War

paragraph: Arnaud de Cervole

paragraph: Arnaud de Cervole, also "de Cervolles", "de Cervolle", "Arnaut de Cervole" or "Arnold of Cervoles" ("c." 1300 – 25 May 1366), known as l'Archiprêtre (The Archpriest), was a French mercenary soldier and Brigand of the Hundred Years War in the 14th century.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: He was born into the minor nobility in what is now the Lot-et-Garonne in the Périgord somewhere around the year 1300. Even though a layman, he possessed the ecclesiastical fief of Velines in Dordogne; because of it he was called the Archpriest of Vélines ("Archiprêtre de Velines"). He was deprived of his benefice by the archbishop of Bordeaux because he was mixing "with brigands and men of base extraction".

paragraph: In the early 1350s, Arnaud commanded a band of 80 men in South-West France, and was known for his skill at taking walled cities and castles by escalade (ladders). He was equally known for repeatedly crossing line between military service and banditry. In 1356, he was wounded and captured after fighting in the forces of the Count of Alençon at the Battle of Poitiers. After his release he married a rich widow.

paragraph: In 1357 Arnaud was elected commander of the "Great Company", a loose collection of companies of freebooters of various nationalities. While most ordinary companies numbered no more than a few hundred men, the shifting membership brought at its height made up an army of about 2700 men.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: In 1357, Arnaud de Cervole married Jeanne de Graçay, widow of André de Chauvigny, killed at the Battle of Poitiers and after Arnaud she married Enguerran of Eudin

paragraph: In 1358, Arnaud and his troops travelled to Avignon where Pope Innocent VI gave him 20,000 gold florins to distribute among his companions in exchange for giving up all the castles his men had occupied in the papal territories.

paragraph: Section::::Bandit Leader.

paragraph: The Dauphin Charles draws in his service until the Peace of Brétigny (1360). In 1363, after the Treaty of Brétigny, Arnaud de Cervole and his men began to pillage the countryside. His was one of the many so called Tard-Venus bands, groups of mecanries left without employment by the end of hostilities.

paragraph: His troops attacked Avignon and ransomed the Pope. They then plundered Burgundy. They crossed the Rhone on July 13, 1357.

paragraph: Section::::Battle of Brignais.

paragraph: In 1362, he was hired by the French king John II to deal with English brigands, dispatching him with a small royal army led by the Comte de Tancarville and the Comte de la Marche.  This army was defeated at the Battle of Brignais, where Arnaud was captured.

paragraph: Here the troops raised by the king were routed due to the betrayal of the Archpriest.

paragraph: Section::::A failed crusade.

paragraph: In 1365, the Duke of Burgundy offers to lead a major crusade against the Turks in Hungary (to take out the companies of the kingdom of France). The crusade has the support of the Pope who wants to get rid of tard-Venus companies now operating in the Rhone Valley, but never eventuated

paragraph: In 1365, he was approached by Pope Urban V to lead a new Crusade to the Holy Land. The purpose was to clear the Pope's domains of mercenary bands with the added benefit of striking a blow against the Turks. Although the Archpriest did set about collecting mercenaries together, the project progressed slowly and many had dispersed again by the end of the year. A fresh attempt was made in 1366 but supply problems caused discontent. On 25 May 1366, Arnaud de Cervole was murdered by his own men, as his army camped near Macon, before passing the Saône.

paragraph: Section::::In popular culture.

paragraph: Arnaud (as 'L'archprestre et ses Bretons') is mentioned repeatedly in Guillaume de Machaut's Le livre dou voir dit.

paragraph: Arnaud (as "Arnaut") appears as a character in Michael Crichton's novel "Timeline" and its film adaptation, where he is played by Lambert Wilson.

description: French mercenary

wikidata_label: Arnaud de Cervole

wikipedia_title: Arnaud de Cervole


text:
Turkish
Istanbul Technical University
Istanbul
Zurich Technical University
Anıtkabir
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Otto Rudolf Salvisberg
Istanbul Technical University
Royal Institute of British Architects
Istanbul Palace of Justice
General Directorate of Security
Bauhaus
Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul
Köy Enstitüleri
Anıtkabir
Kırklareli
Istanbul
Istanbul
Moda
Bursa
Ankara
Anıtkabir
Rasattepe
Ankara
Orhan Arda
Anıtkabir
Rasartepe
Anıtkabir
Anıtkabir
Bursa
Milli Egitim Bakanlığı
Bursa
Istanbul
Sedad Hakkı Eldem
Istanbul
Ankara
Ankara
Ankara
Seyranbağları
Le Corbusier
Unite d’Habitation
Le Corbusier
Istanbul,Moda
Istanbul,Sisli
Ankara
Ankara
Istanbul, Moda
Zurich
Otto Salvisberg
Istanbul Gumussuyu
Emin Onat
ınternational modernist style
Turkey
Emin Onat: Biography
Emin Onat: Architecture

categories: 1908 births,Turkish architects,Istanbul Technical University faculty,Istanbul Technical University alumni,Recipients of TÜBİTAK Service Award,ETH Zurich alumni,Rectors of Istanbul Technical University,1961 deaths

paragraph: Emin Halid Onat

paragraph: Emin Halid Onat (1908–1961), was a Turkish architect and former rector of Istanbul Technical University.

paragraph: Onat was born in Istanbul in 1908. He entered Istanbul Technical University in 1926. Then, he was sent to Zurich Technical University. Onat was one of the architects of Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. His architectural style was formed at ETH. Emin Onat learned to experiment, interpret and search for modernism from his teacher Otto R. Salvisberg, a well-known, experienced practicing architect. Despite getting under the Anıtkabir's shadow, he has a unique architectural style.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Onat's architectural talent blossomed at Zurich Technical University, where one of his fellow students was Otto Rudolf Salvisberg, who later went to become one of the best architects of his time. Onat completed his studies in Zurich and returned to Turkey in 1934. Within a year, he had become an assistant professor in the Department of Architecture at the School of Engineering. He held the post for a couple of years that were marked by strenuous relations with the other members of the faculty, owing to the novel methods of teaching Onat introduced. In 1944 Onat became the first dean of the newly established Faculty of Architecture at the Istanbul Technical University.

paragraph: Onat rose further into the echelons of the architectural world in 1946, when he was given an honorary membership of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). In 1951 he became the Rector of the Istanbul Technical University, a post he held for two years. The Hannover Technical University awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1956. In 1957 he returned to the university. His return lasted only three years as on 21 October 1960 he and 147 faculty members were ousted from the university.

paragraph: Section::::Designs.

paragraph: Onat designed several impressive buildings during his career. These include the Istanbul Theatre and Conservatory, Istanbul Palace of Justice (1949), Kavaklıdere Cenap, Presidential Secretariat in Cankaya and the General Directorate of Security. Onat had a predilection for local architectural elements. He fused traditional designs into his own designs, striving to attain organic unity. Onat's other designs are the Istanbul Lounges, Uludag Sanatorium, Bursa Governor's Mansion and IBM Headquarters in Istanbul.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His professional life can be divided three period;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Functionalism with Bauhaus style; he mostly made competitional projects

paragraph: BULLET::::- İstanbul Tiyatro ve Konservatuarı, 1935, Istanbul

paragraph: BULLET::::- İstanbul Galata Ferri Station and Passenger Hall, 1936, Istanbul

paragraph: There is a very clear functional order and careful search for monumantallity.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Halik Zigal House, 1941-1942, Istanbul

paragraph: The last example of his early modern designs. It has two storey and simple prismatic look. Functional order and horizontal emphasis are a sign of modernizm.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Classism with traditional interpretation and nostalgia; he was searching for reference at this years. Onat's approach at this era mostly concentrate on interpreting rasyonalism in anatolian housing architecture. In this period his most significant works are Köy Enstitüleri and Anıtkabir

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kepirtepe Köy Enstitüsü, 1941-1942, Kırklareli

paragraph: These are established with special lows. This projects must be simple, rational, functional and applicable, like model projects. Except the structurel parts whole building built by villagers and students. The complex building contains 44 functional building.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Istanbul Faculty of Science and Literature, 1942-1952, Istanbul

paragraph: It constructed onside of Zeyneb Hanım Mansion. It designs as a complex that enclose a courtyard. This courtyard bring a classist look in plans so Emin Onat used double or triple height holes and cpassages with coloned. This building show up the architects' historical trends of period. At the other side it shows functionalis approach and the high technology usage.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emin Onat House, 1944, Istanbul Moda

paragraph: It is single storey building and it has a high basement. This house is an example of 1940's historical trends and anatolian architecture understanding. Timber balcony, gable roof, narrow overhangs and the timber windows are the typical elements of that. Interior has very modernist plan. At south façade the sleeping facilities are located and the service spaces are located at north façade.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vali House, 1945, Bursa

paragraph: It has a courtyard /core in the shape of square, the courtyard emphasis with a pool and the common spaces are located around the pool like living room, rest room, tea room. Sleeping facilities are located outside the square frame that open to terrace garden. The timber elements are typical with Onat.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cenap And House, 1952, Ankara

paragraph: As of 2014 it was being used as a Music Museum. It is a two-storey building, built out of local masonry, It has elements that come from anatolian architecture for example "çıkma motifi" window proportions and overhangs. Despite of its local look, it has a very modern plan

paragraph: Onat used Anatolian elements at exterior and his buildings have traditional looks but they have modern and functional interior plans.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anıtkabir, 1942-1953, Rasattepe in Ankara (with Orhan Arda)

paragraph: Anıtkabir's design refers to antique mausoleums, so it couses a lot of discussion.Most significant and important characteristic of Anıtkabir is that compatible with Rasartepe's topography. It has an horizontal silhouette. It has two perpendicular axis and it opens to city from 4 way. It has a bond with city and this bond make design unique for place, but the monumental look of it distinguish Anıtkabir from city. Monumantalizing the design makes it a conceptual opject. Anıtkabir visualize its symbolism even in its ornaments.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Return to the modernism

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kirazlıyayla Prevatoryumu Bursa,1946

paragraph: Prevatorium was a great center for members of Milli Egitim Bakanlığı placed in the forest.Onat created little touches for the necessities of health function.For ınstance,rationsof the atrium in the building.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yapı Kredi Bankası Bursa,1946

paragraph: It was a space that have rectangular mass and a mixture of historical elements.Also structure axies have large and long window openings,especially the upside of windows have cross lines.Finally,large canopy was placed outside of the building.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Istanbul Adalet Sarayı 1951-1955, Istanbul

paragraph: After the fire of the old place authorize prepared a competition twice.The first time they did not accept any project.But the second time M.Emin Onat and Sedad Hakkı Eldem won it.

paragraph: Building was built the west side of the most important part of Istanbul.Moreover,there was a huge argument happened because of the government rules and for protecting the area.

paragraph: justice Palace was functional building, court's units sorted rhtmical and connect into a large corridor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- T.C Cumhurbaşkanlığı Genel Sekreterlik Binası, Ankara,1953

paragraph: The building belongs to transition period of Emin Onat's style.It occurred from long rectangular form and double-height also so pure design in the facade with this feature it gains a speciality at that period's building.

paragraph: Entrance of this building located from the long edge of rectangle and defined with square canopy.That was really important at that time.Unfortunately,the building was demolished.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emniyet Sarayı, Ankara,Hipodrom,1956

paragraph: Firstly the complex had lots of program but just Office side was built.Main building have 14 floor the other supporting building have 3.Main building have high pryzmatic mass.These features it had international style.In addition,there was a harmony of architectural things for instance the geometrical balance between balconies and windows.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maliye Evleri 1953-1961 Ankara, Seyranbağları

paragraph: First of all it was a social building.

paragraph: Maybe this apartment blocks the most unknown project of Emin Onat however it was the most interesting one.He effected from Le Corbusier’s ‘Unite d’Habitation’.Building occurred from 3 units in the same street.It separated from period of time with located on the horizontal mass of ladder plastics and circulation corridor that connect balonies.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hayat Yapı Kooperatifleri Evleri 1953-1961

paragraph: Rising prismatic mass remind people an effect of Le Corbusier style.His design has functionality of using common area.

paragraph: Unfortunately,on the facade lots of degradation happened today.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marmara Apartmanı Istanbul,Moda,1957

paragraph: Primarily,ıt was a housing building that located in the seacoast.Building’s features are 5 floor,concrete,reflected international style,have 2 block and modern.Large window openings can simplify to get more seaview.Also the vertical elements are the most dominant part of the building.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yüksel Apartmanı 1960 Istanbul,Sisli

paragraph: Project was a new trying of housing buildings.He solve the problem of project’s topographia and city’s connection bravely but this project was never built.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ankara Zafer Meydanı, Ankara,1959-1961

paragraph: In early period of Ankara it was a modern and simple building but today it become a bazaar and lost.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moda Marine Club Istanbul, Moda

paragraph: Onat spent more effort in that social building.It keeps lots of program such as beach hotel,disco,sail,club etc.

paragraph: It was the closest building to Onat’s teacher at Zurich ‘Otto Salvisberg’s modernist ecole.Unfortunately,small part of complex was built then changed a lot.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Devres İşhanı Istanbul Gumussuyu, 1961

paragraph: Devres was the last project of Emin Onat.Building could separated from the equal examples at that time with high entrance and using the sloping area also have square floor plans and have 6 floors.Finally it was a perfect example of ınternational modernist style of Turkey.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emin Onat: Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Emin Onat: Architecture

description: architect

wikidata_label: Emin Halid Onat

wikipedia_title: Emin Halid Onat


text:
Joseon Dynasty
Yeonguijeong
pen name
Southerners faction
Song Siyeol
Yesong
Heo Mok
Yun Hyu
Yun Seondo

categories: Korean politicians,17th-century Korean people,Heo clan of Yangcheon,Korean scholars,1610 births,Korean Confucianists,1680 deaths,Joseon Dynasty writers

paragraph: Heo Jeok

paragraph: Heo Jeok (1610 – May 11, 1680) was a politician during the Joseon Dynasty. He was the 124th and 125th Prime Minister of Korea (Yeonguijeong), in 1664, 1671, and 1674–1680. His pen name was Mukjae, Hyuong.

paragraph: He was the leader of the Southerners faction, and a rival of Song Siyeol.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ilgi (일기, 日記)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heosanggukjooui (허상국주의, 許相國奏議)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yesong

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heo Mok

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yun Hyu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yun Seondo

description: Korean politician

wikidata_label: Heo Jeok

wikipedia_title: Heo Jeok


text: Korean

text: Joseon Dynasty

text: military examination

text: Jeolla Province

text: Imjin war

text: courtesy name

text: military examination

text: Battle of Woongchi

text: Siege of Namwon

text: Chungjang

text: Jwachanseong

text: Imjin war

text: Yi Sun-sin

text: Yi Gwang-sik

text: Yi Boknam:Naver

text: Yi Bok-nam:Nate

categories: Korean generals,Joseon Dynasty people,1555 births,1597 deaths,Korean admirals,Korean military personnel killed in action,People of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598),16th-century Korean people,Military history of Korea

paragraph: Yi Bok-nam

paragraph: Yi Bok-nam (; June 28, 1555 – August 16, 1597) was a Korean naval commander and politician of the Joseon Dynasty. He passed the military examination and attained the position of "Byeongmajeoldosa" (병마절도사, 兵馬節度使) for Jeolla Province. He served against the Japanese navy during the Imjin war. His courtesy name was Subo (수보, 綏甫).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: In 1588, Yi passed the military examination (무과; 武科).

paragraph: He is famed for his victories at the Battle of Woongchi and Ahndeokwon in 1592. He was killed on April 18, 1597 at the Siege of Namwon, aged 43.

paragraph: The royal court eventually bestowed various honors upon him, including a posthumous title of "Chungjanggong" (충장공, 忠壯公, Loyal Duke of brave), an enrollment as a "Seonmu Wonjong Gongsin" (선무원종공신, 宣武原從功臣), and two posthumous offices, "Jwachanseong" (좌찬성, 左讚成, Left Vice Prime Minister).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Imjin war

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yi Sun-sin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yi Gwang-sik

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yi Boknam:Naver

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yi Boknam:Korean historical informationm parson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yi Bok-nam:Nate

description: Korean naval commander

wikidata_label: Yi Bok-nam

wikipedia_title: Yi Bok-nam


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Bishop

text: Diocese of Rockford

text: Illinois

text: Milwaukee

text: Wisconsin

text: Marquette University

text: St. Francis Seminary

text: Pontifical North American College

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: licentiate

text: Dogmatic theology

text: Parochial Vicar

text: Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy

text: canon law

text: Apostolic Nuncio

text: Pakistan

text: Nunciature

text: United Nations

text: Prefecture of the Papal Household

text: Prelate of Honor of His Holiness

text: Francis Cardinal George

text: Archbishop of Chicago

text: Thomas Doran

text: Jerome Listecki

text: Archbishop of Milwaukee

text: Saint Francis de Sales

text: Lake Geneva, Wisconsin

text: Robert Lynch

text: St. Petersburg

text: Dennis Schnurr

text: ad orientem

text: Sacrosanctum Concilium

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Robert Sarah

text: Tridentine Mass

text: Extraordinary form of the Roman Rite

text: Summorum Pontificum

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockford

categories: Diplomats of the Holy See,Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockford,Living people,American Roman Catholic bishops,Religious leaders from Milwaukee,Pontifical North American College alumni,1951 births,Marquette University alumni,Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,People from Rockford, Illinois,Roman Catholic bishops of Rockford,Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni

paragraph: David John Malloy

paragraph: David J. Malloy (born February 3, 1956) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who serves as the ninth Bishop of the Diocese of Rockford, Illinois.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: Malloy was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He received his bachelor's degree in Biology at Marquette University in 1978. After completing a year of theology at St. Francis Seminary in Milwaukee, he studied theology at the Pontifical North American College, Rome and at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome from 1979 to 1982.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Ordination and ministry.

paragraph: Malloy was ordained priest on July 1, 1983 for the Archdiocese of Milwaukee.

paragraph: He studied for and obtained a licentiate in Dogmatic theology from the Gregorian from 1982 to 1984. After returning from his licentiate studies at the Gregorian, Malloy served as the Parochial Vicar of Saint John Nepomuk Parish in Racine from 1984 to 1986.

paragraph: He was summoned to attend the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy from 1986-1990 and studied for both a licentiate in canon law at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, "Angelicum" from 1986 to 1988. Later he earned a doctorate in theology at the Gregorian University from 1988 to 1990. Besides English, Malloy speaks Italian, Spanish and French.

paragraph: In the diplomatic service of the Holy See, Malloy served as a secretary to the Apostolic Nuncio in Pakistan (1990–1994), at the Nunciature in Syria (1995), at the United Nations from 1995 to 1998 and was an official of the Prefecture of the Papal Household from 1998 to 2001.

paragraph: On October 28, 2000 he was named Prelate of Honor of His Holiness for the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He returned to the United States as Associate General Secretary of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops from 2001 to 2006 and then General Secretary from 2006 until June 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Rockford.

paragraph: Malloy was appointed Bishop of Rockford on March 20, 2012, and was consecrated as bishop on May 14, 2012 by Francis Cardinal George, Archbishop of Chicago. Malloy's predecessor Thomas Doran and Jerome Listecki, the Archbishop of Milwaukee, served as co-consecrators. At the time of his appointment as Bishop of Rockford, Malloy was serving as pastor of Saint Francis de Sales Parish in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.

paragraph: Upon his appointment as Bishop of Rockford, Malloy joined Robert Lynch of St. Petersburg and Dennis Schnurr of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati as former USCCB General Secretaries named bishops in the United States.

paragraph: In January 2017 Malloy sent priests of his diocese a letter directing, among other things, "that no Masses be celebrated "ad orientem" without my permission;" this despite the fact that the guiding document on the liturgy "Sacrosanctum Concilium" from the Second Vatican Council has been interpreted to say otherwise by the highest ranking official within the Church on the matter; Cardinal Robert Sarah of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. Malloy's letter also stipulated that the "Tridentine Mass" (which the Church actually refers to the "Extraordinary form of the Roman Rite" ) was not to be celebrated without his permission "in keeping with Art. 5 § 1 of "Summorum Pontificum",". That part of "Summorum Pontificum" essentially states that stable groups within parish communities requesting the offering of the Extraordinary Form of the Mass should be granted the right to worship in this way by their priests, at their Bishop's appraisal. "Summorum Pontificum" also states that priests may at any time and without permission offer Masses in the Extraordinary Form if little to no congregation is present.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockford

description: Roman Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: David John Malloy

wikipedia_title: David John Malloy


text: Australian rules football

text: Greater Western Sydney Giants

text: Essendon Football Club

text: West Coast Eagles

text: Australian Football League

text: Port Adelaide Football Club

text: 2012 season

text: 2015 season

text: 2005 AFL Draft

text: Central District

text: London

text: Geelong

text: best and fairest

text: Sturt

text: Greater Western Sydney Giants

text: 2011 Rookie Draft

text: North East Australian Football League

text: Giants

text: West Coast Eagles

text: Essendon Football Club

text: West Coast Eagles

text: Nic Naitanui

text: Scott Lycett

categories: Sturt Football Club players,Sportspeople from Adelaide,1988 births,Greater Western Sydney Giants players,Essendon Football Club players,Central District Football Club players,Australian rules footballers from South Australia,Living people,East Perth Football Club players

paragraph: Jonathan Giles

paragraph: Jonathan Giles (born 8 January 1988) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Greater Western Sydney Giants, Essendon Football Club and West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was listed with the Port Adelaide Football Club from 2006 to 2009, but did not play a senior game for the club. He returned to the AFL with expansion club , making his debut in round of the 2012 season. Giles moved on to Essendon for the 2015 season, and then spent two years with West Coast before retiring due to a degenerative knee condition. In total, he played 63 AFL games.

paragraph: Section::::AFL career.

paragraph: Section::::AFL career.:Port Adelaide (2006–09).

paragraph: Giles was recruited in the 2005 AFL Draft, from Central District in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) at pick number 70, but never played a game for Port Adelaide in the AFL.

paragraph: During the 2006 season, he played 19 games for Central District's reserves team, kicking four goals. Also in 2006, Giles played in the London exhibition match against Geelong. In a spiteful match, he kicked one goal.

paragraph: Giles was delisted by Port on 16 October 2009. In December 2010, after winning the best and fairest award for Sturt in the SANFL, Giles was selected by the new Greater Western Sydney Giants in the 2011 Rookie Draft.

paragraph: Section::::AFL career.:Greater Western Sydney (2012–14).

paragraph: Giles played the 2011 season for Greater Western Sydney in the North East Australian Football League, as one of the senior players on an otherwise young squad. He played his first official AFL game against the Sydney Swans where he kicked one goal. In Round 8, 2014, Giles became the first Giants player to notch up 50 games for the club, the Giants lost to the West Coast Eagles by 111 points.

paragraph: Section::::AFL career.:Essendon (2015).

paragraph: On 16 October 2014, Giles was traded to the Essendon Football Club after struggling to maintain his place in the Greater Western Sydney team throughout the 2014 season. In round 18 in the 2015 season, Giles made his debut for Essendon in an 87-point loss to the Western Bulldogs.

paragraph: Section::::AFL career.:West Coast (2016).

paragraph: In October 2015, Giles was traded to the West Coast Eagles.

paragraph: As of the end of the 2016 season, Giles has the lowest winning percentage for any current player in the AFL, playing in only eight wins from 58 career games.

paragraph: Giles managed five more games during the 2017 season, due to injuries to first-choice ruckmen Nic Naitanui and Scott Lycett. He retired at the end of the season due to a degenerative knee condition.

paragraph: Section::::Statistics.

paragraph: ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012

paragraph: ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013

paragraph: ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014

paragraph: ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015

paragraph: ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016

paragraph: ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017

paragraph: ! colspan=3| Career

paragraph: ! 63

paragraph: ! 43

paragraph: ! 23

paragraph: ! 457

paragraph: ! 244

paragraph: ! 701

paragraph: ! 129

paragraph: ! 145

paragraph: ! 1458

paragraph: ! 0.7

paragraph: ! 0.4

paragraph: ! 7.3

paragraph: ! 3.9

paragraph: ! 11.1

paragraph: ! 2.0

paragraph: ! 2.3

paragraph: ! 23.1

description: Australian rules footballer

wikidata_label: Jonathan Giles

wikipedia_title: Jonathan Giles


text:
Latin
East Roman
Byzantine
Basiliscus
Zenonis
Caesar
Augustus
Zeno
Constantinople

wikipedia_title:
Latin
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
Basiliscus
Zenonis
Caesar (title)
Augustus (title)
Zeno (emperor)
Constantinople

categories: 5th-century births,House of Leo,470s deaths,Caesares,Deaths by starvation,Byzantine junior emperors,5th-century Byzantine emperors,5th-century Romans

paragraph: Marcus (son of Basiliscus)

paragraph: Marcus (Latin: "Flavius Marcus Augustus") (died 476/477) was the son of the East Roman or Byzantine general and usurper Basiliscus and Zenonis. He was acclaimed "Caesar" in 475 and later promoted to "Augustus", ruling as junior co-emperor to his father. When Zeno reoccupied Constantinople in late August 476, Marcus, with his parents, took refuge in a church. Zeno promised not to spill their blood, so he exiled them to Limnae in Cappadocia and subsequently starved them to death.

description: Byzantine usurper (5th c.)

wikidata_label: Marcus

wikipedia_title: Marcus (son of Basiliscus)


text:
German
Nordic combined
Bayrischzell
Nordic combined
1928 Winter Olympics
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1933
Trofeo Mezzalama
Matthias Wörndle
Viktor Schneider
Hans Bauer
Martin Neuner
Josef Ponn
Walter Motz

wikipedia_title: Nordic combined at the 1928 Winter Olympics

categories: Sportspeople from Bavaria,German male Nordic combined skiers,1903 births,Nordic combined skiers at the 1928 Winter Olympics,German male cross-country skiers,German male ski mountaineers,People from Miesbach (district),Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Germany,1989 deaths

paragraph: Gustl Müller

paragraph: Gustav "Gustl" Müller (23 October 1903 – 20 September 1989) was a German Nordic combined and cross-country skier.

paragraph: Müller was born in Bayrischzell. At the age of 24 years, he participated at Nordic combined of the 1928 Winter Olympics, where he placed 21st in the final ranking. He also participated at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1933, and was member of the Bronze teams at the first and second edition of the legendary Trofeo Mezzalama race, in 1933 together with Willy Bogner and Matthias Wörndle, and in 1934 together with Franz Fischer and Matthias Wörndle.

paragraph: Further notable results:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1927:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, German Nordic combined championships, individual

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, German cross-country skiing championships, relay, together with Viktor Schneider, Ernst Huber, Hans Bauer and Hans Theato

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1929: 1st, German Nordic combined championships, individual

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, German cross-country skiing championships, 50 km

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, German cross-country skiing championships, relay, together with Willi Leiner, Ernst Krebs, Georg Hagn and Martin Neuner

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1st, German cross-country skiing championships, relay, together with Willy Bogner, Ernst Krebs, Georg Hagn and Josef Ponn

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932: 1st, German cross-country skiing championships, relay, together with Willy Bogner, Ernst Krebs, Walter Motz and Hans Darchinger

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photo of Bogner and Müller

description: German cross-country and Nordic combined skier

wikidata_label: Gustl Müller

wikipedia_title: Gustl Müller


text:
Italian
architect
Luigi Vanvitelli
Russia
England
Ukraine
Pochep
Bryansk
Yamburg, now Kingisepp
St Petersburg
Chancellor Woronzow
Peter III
Catherine II
Oranienbaum
baroque
Neoclassical
Marble Palace
Palace Embankment
Gatchina
Tsarskoe Selo
Kagul Obelisk
Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe
Catholic Church of St. Catherine
rococo
Neoclassicism
Rome

wikipedia_title: Church of St. Catherine (Saint Petersburg)

categories: Italian expatriates in Russia,Russian architects,18th-century Italian architects,18th century in Saint Petersburg,1794 deaths,Saint Petersburg culture,Italian Baroque architects

paragraph: Antonio Rinaldi (architect)

paragraph: Antonio Rinaldi (c. 1710 – April 10, 1794) was an Italian architect, trained by Luigi Vanvitelli, who worked mainly in Russia.

paragraph: In 1751, during a trip to England, he was summoned by hetman Kirill Razumovsky to decorate his residences in Ukraine. To this early period belong the Resurrection cathedral in Pochep near Bryansk and the Catherine Cathedral in Yamburg, now Kingisepp near St Petersburg ("illustrated, right"), where Rinaldi successfully expressed the domed, centrally-planned form required by traditional Russian Orthodox practice in a confident Italian Late Baroque vocabulary.

paragraph: His first important secular commission was the Novoznamenka chateau of Chancellor Woronzow. In 1754, he was appointed chief architect of the "young court", i.e., the future Peter III and Catherine II, who resided at Oranienbaum. In that town he executed his best-known baroque designs: the Palace of Peter III (1758–60), the sumptuously decorated Chinese Palace (1762–68), and the Ice-Sliding Pavilion (1762–74).

paragraph: In the 1770s, Rinaldi served as the main architect of Count Orlov, who was Catherine's prime favourite and the most powerful man in the country. During this period he built two grandiose Neoclassical residences, namely the Marble Palace on the Palace Embankment in St Petersburg and the roomy Gatchina Castle, which was subsequently acquired for Emperor Paul and partly remodeled. He also designed for Orlov several monuments in Tsarskoe Selo, notably the Orlov Gates, Kagul Obelisk and the Chesma Column. He completed the work started by Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe on the Catholic Church of St. Catherine.

paragraph: Rinaldi's last works represent a continuous transition from the dazzling rococo of interiors to the reserved and clear-cut treatment of facades characteristic of Neoclassicism. These include two St Petersburg cathedrals, one dedicated to St Isaac the Dalmatian and subsequently demolished to make way for the present Empire-style structure, and the other, dedicated to Prince Vladimir and still standing.

paragraph: In 1784, the old master resigned his posts on account of bad health and returned to Italy. He died in Rome in 1794.

description: Italian architect

wikidata_label: Antonio Rinaldi

wikipedia_title: Antonio Rinaldi (architect)


text:
Macedonian
Radoviš
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
bulgarophile
The great poem by Aco Karamanov

categories: Yugoslav Partisans members,Yugoslav communists,Macedonian poets,Bulgarian poets,20th-century poets,People from Radoviš,1944 deaths,1927 births

image: 512px-Ацо_Караманов_пишува_поезија.jpg

paragraph: Aco Karamanov

paragraph: Aco Karamanov (; ) (January 31, 1927 - October 7, 1944) was a Macedonian poet and partisan. In Bulgaria he is considered Bulgarian.

paragraph: Karamanov was born in Radoviš, then in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Since the beginning of his education he exhibited affinity to writing, He started writing songs at the early age of 9 years. Between September 5, and October 7, 1944 Karamanov fought against the withdrawing Germans.

paragraph: This talented writer lived for only 17 years, but his human messages written in poems are left to testify for the war. He is considered one of the founders of contemporary Macedonian literature. His poetry was originally written in Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian, and was translated into Macedonian after its codification in 1945. Part of the works of the poet, has not been translated into Macedonian, due to its bulgarophile content.

paragraph: The town of Radoviš holds each year in his honor a poetry festival "Aco Karamanov Poetry Meetings"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The great poem by Aco Karamanov

description: Macedonian poet

wikidata_label: Aco Karamanov

wikipedia_title: Aco Karamanov


text: Shenandoah Valley

text: Virginia

text: Schriesheim

text: Lancaster County

text: Virginia

text: Alexander Spotswood

text: Pennsylvania

text: Virginia

text: Shenandoah River

text: Rockingham County

text: Page County

text: William Gooch

text: Elkton, Virginia

text: French and Indian War

text: Rockingham County, VA

categories: Virginia colonial people,1783 deaths,Mennonitism in Virginia,1703 births,German emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies,American pioneers

paragraph: Adam Miller (pioneer)

paragraph: With residency beginning in 1727, Adam Miller (Mueller) is recognized as the first permanent settler in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, US. Born in 1703 in Schriesheim, Germany, Miller immigrated to America as a young married man, settling in Lancaster County, PA in 1724.

paragraph: On a trip through eastern Virginia, Miller heard reports about a lush Valley to the west which had been discovered by Governor Alexander Spotswood's legendary Knights of the Golden Horseshoe Expedition. In 1727, Miller and his wife Barbara moved from Pennsylvania to Virginia and staked out a claim on the south fork of the Shenandoah River, near the line that now divides Rockingham County from Page County.

paragraph: The year of Miller's 1727 arrival in the Valley is confirmed in a 1742 naturalization proclamation by Virginia Governor William Gooch, which states, "And Adam Miller ... having Settled and Inhabited for fifteen years past on Shenandoa in this colony". Miller's birthplace is also cited in the proclamation, which notes that he was "born at Shesoin in Germany", but the correct spelling of "Schriesheim" is cited on the reverse side of the original document, written out and signed by Adam Miller.

paragraph: Shenandoah baptismal records show that Miller and his wife had at least three children: Catarina Elizabetha (b. December 20, 1734), Adam Jr. (b. July 16, 1736) and Anna Christina (b. October 18, 1738). In adulthood, Catarina (Catherine) and Anna married brothers, John Baer and Jacob Baer, respectively.

paragraph: In 1741, Miller purchased , including a large lithia spring, near Elkton, Virginia, and lived on this property for the remainder of his life. He sold of this property to his son-in-law, Jacob Baer, and the spring on Miller’s land is still known as Bear Lithia Spring. In 1758, Miller fought in the French and Indian War, serving in the Company of Lt. Christian Bingaman. He died in 1783, with his estate settled in Rockingham County, VA.

description: pioneer

wikidata_label: Adam Miller

wikipedia_title: Adam Miller (pioneer)


text:
MidBoss
GaymerX
Read Only Memories
Gaming In Color
BandPage
Travel Channel
America's Worst Driver
GaymerX
Examiner
GamePolitics.com
Ellen McLain
marriage proposal
Still Alive
WWE
Indiecade
Ubisoft
Riot Games
2K Games
Robosaurus

categories: 1987 births,Television personalities from San Francisco,LGBT people from California,Participants in American reality television series,Living people

paragraph: Matt Conn

paragraph: Matt Conn (born 1987) is the founder and former CEO of MidBoss. He is known for the creation of GaymerX, the cyberpunk story adventure game "Read Only Memories", and producing the LGBTQ video game documentary "Gaming In Color".

paragraph: He is also a founding member at BandPage, which was acquired by YouTube in 2016 and for winning the Travel Channel television program "America's Worst Driver".

paragraph: On March 26, 2018, Conn stepped down from the board of GaymerX and as CEO of MidBoss after allegations of sexual abuse, underpaying workers, and workplace harassment.

paragraph: Section::::GaymerX.

paragraph: GaymerX (initially GaymerCon) was founded in February 2012 and launched its Kickstarter on August 1, 2012 with a goal of $25,000. It hit its goal within five days and ended up raising just over $91,000. The first convention was held on August 3 and 4, 2013 in San Francisco, California. The launch was covered by sites such as Examiner and GamePolitics.com.

paragraph: Throughout the fundraising campaign, organizers added new support levels, in addition to existing support levels that included admission to the event and voice acting from Ellen McLain. At a session during the convention, McLain took part as assistant on a marriage proposal to help an attendee propose to his boyfriend by voicing a version of the song "Still Alive" with reworked lyrics.

paragraph: GaymerX2 was held at the InterContinental Hotel on July 11–13, 2014 in downtown San Francisco. It featured celebrities like former WWE performer Fred Rosser (Darren Young) and sponsors like Indiecade, Ubisoft, Riot Games, and 2K Games.

paragraph: GaymerX ran from 2013 until 2017 and has held events in San Francisco, San Jose, and New York City. It also inspired a spin-off event, GX Australia, in Sydney, Australia.

paragraph: Section::::"2064: Read Only Memories".

paragraph: "" is a cyberpunk adventure game for the PC, Mac, Playstation 4, Playstation Vita, Xbox One and Linux. It was successfully funded on Kickstarter for $64,378 on December 12, 2013.

paragraph: Section::::"America's Worst Driver".

paragraph: On this series, which aired in mid-2010, Conn was penalized for being the worst driver in San Francisco by having his car destroyed by construction equipment. In the finale, Conn was named the winner of the program, and had a car representing him destroyed by Robosaurus.

description: American television personality

wikidata_label: Matt Conn

wikipedia_title: Matt Conn


text:
Chernihiv
Ukraine
Russian Empire
Russia
graphic art
Kharkov
Saint Petersburg
Munich
Anton Ažbe
Dmitry Kardovsky
Moscow
Russian Revolution

categories: 20th-century Russian painters,1875 births,20th-century women artists,1952 deaths,Russian women artists,19th-century Russian painters,People from Chernihiv,19th-century women artists

paragraph: Olga Della-Vos-Kardovskaya

paragraph: Olga Lyudvigovna Della-Vos-Kardovskaya () (1875, Chernihiv, Ukraine, then in Russian Empire – 1952, Leningrad) was a Russian painter and graphic artist. From 1891 until 1894 she studied at the Schneider School in Kharkov; from 1894 to 1899 she was a student at the Academy in Saint Petersburg. She went to Munich to study at Anton Ažbe's school, staying there from 1899 to 1900. In 1900 she married painter Dmitry Kardovsky.

paragraph: Between 1903 and 1917 she exhibited with the New Society of Artists; from 1911 until 1916 she also exhibited with the Union of Russian Artists. She was associated with the "Zhar-tsvet" group from 1924 to 1928. She was included in a large 1927 exhibit in Moscow commemorating the tenth anniversary of the Russian Revolution.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Milner. "A Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Artists, 1420 – 1970". Woodbridge, Suffolk; Antique Collectors' Club, 1993

alias:
Olga Lyudvigovna Della Vos-Kardovskaya
O. Della-Vos
Ol'ga Ljudvigovna Della-Vos-Kardovskaja
Olga Kardovskaia
Olga Ludwigowna Kardowskaja-Della Vos
Olga Ludwigowna Vos-Kardowskaja

description: Russian artist

wikidata_label: Olga Della-Vos-Kardovskaya

wikipedia_title: Olga Della-Vos-Kardovskaya


text: Belarus

text: Soviet

text: Mogilev Governorate

text: Vitebsk Region

text: Belarus

text: Leningrad

text: Minsk

text: relief

text: opera house

text: busts

text: 1958 World's Fair

text: Brussels

text: Rabindranath Tagore

text: Lugansk

text: Borodino

text: Suzdal

text: Leninogorsk

text: Vladimir Lenin

text: Bucharest

text: Paris

text: Hero of Socialist Labour

text: Orders of Lenin

text: Order of the October Revolution

text: Orders of the Red Banner of Labour

text: Order of the Red Star

text: Order of Friendship of Peoples

text: Medal "Veteran of Labour"

text: State Prizes of the USSR

text: Overview of the museum

categories: 1995 deaths,20th-century Belarusian sculptors,People from Mogilev Governorate,Belarusian Jews,1908 births,People from Syanno District,Soviet sculptors,Full Members of the USSR Academy of Arts,Belarusian sculptors

paragraph: Zair Azgur

paragraph: Zair Isaakovich Azgur (1908-1995) was a Belarusian sculptor active during the Soviet period. Born in Mogilev Governorate (now in Vitebsk Region, Belarus), he studied in that city from 1922 to 1925; from 1925 until 1928 he studied at the Vkhutein in Leningrad. He first exhibited in 1923. He was mainly active in Minsk, where among his projects was the creation of reliefs for the opera house. He created a series of portrait busts of war heroes and military figures during the 1940s. At the 1958 World's Fair in Brussels he won a silver medal for his statue of Rabindranath Tagore. Monuments to his design were erected at Lugansk in 1947; Minsk in 1947; Borodino in 1949; Suzdal in 1950; and Leninogorsk - a monument to Vladimir Lenin - in 1957. Later in his career he exhibited in Bucharest and Paris.

paragraph: Azgur's home and studio in Minsk is now a museum.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hero of Socialist Labour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two Orders of Lenin

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the October Revolution

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Red Star

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Friendship of Peoples

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st class

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medal "Veteran of Labour"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Two State Prizes of the USSR

paragraph: BULLET::::- Title of People's Artist of the USSR

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Milner. "A Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Artists, 1420 - 1970". Woodbridge, Suffolk; Antique Collectors' Club, 1993

paragraph: BULLET::::- Overview of the museum

description: Belarusian sculptor

wikidata_label: Zair Azgur

wikipedia_title: Zair Azgur


text:
Ōmi Province
Siege of Ōtsu

categories: People of Sengoku-period Japan,1634 deaths,Kyōgoku clan,17th-century Japanese people,Year of birth unknown,Women of medieval Japan,17th-century Japanese women

paragraph: Kyōgoku Tatsuko

paragraph: After Hideyoshi's death she became a nun under the name . She also moved to Ōtsu Castle, which was under the command of her brother, in Ōmi Province, and she was there when the Siege of Ōtsu occurred.

alias:
Kyogoku Tatsuko
Juhō-in
Lady Matsunomaru
Matsunomaru-dono
Kyōgoku-dono
Kyogoku-dono
Nishinomaru-dono
Juho-in
Kyougoku Tatsuko

description: Toyotomi Hideyoshi's concubine

wikidata_label: Kyōgoku Tatsuko

wikipedia_title: Kyōgoku Tatsuko


categories: Female field hockey goalkeepers,1986 births,English female field hockey players,Place of birth missing (living people),Living people

paragraph: Kirsty MacKay

paragraph: Kirsty MacKay (16 November 1986) is a goalkeeper for England national women's field hockey team.

description: English hockey player

wikidata_label: Kirsty MacKay

wikipedia_title: Kirsty MacKay


text:
Rouen
UCI WorldTeam
track cycling
2015 Vuelta a España
grand tour

categories: French Vuelta a España stage winners,1993 births,Cyclists at the 2015 European Games,European Games competitors for France,French male cyclists,Tour de France cyclists,Sportspeople from Rouen,Vuelta a España cyclists,Living people

paragraph: Alexis Gougeard

paragraph: Alexis Gougeard (born 5 March 1993 in Rouen) is a French cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam .

paragraph: He specializes in time trials and track cycling. He became professional in 2014, as a member of the team. He was named in the start list for the 2015 Vuelta a España, where he took his first grand tour stage win on the nineteenth stage, making a winning attack from a breakaway group.

paragraph: Section::::Career achievements.

paragraph: Section::::Career achievements.:Major results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019

description: French cyclist

wikidata_label: Alexis Gougeard

wikipedia_title: Alexis Gougeard


text:
OP
Ternopil
Lublin
Polish
Roman Catholic
priest
philosopher
thomist
theologian
social scientist
rector
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski
Lublin Philosophical School
Powszechna Encyklopedia Filozofii
Polish Society of Thomas Aquinas

categories: Polish philosophers,2008 deaths,Polish Roman Catholic priests,Catholic philosophers,Thomist philosophers,John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin,Dominican Order,1921 births

paragraph: Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec

paragraph: Mieczysław Albert Maria Krąpiec OP (May 25, 1921 in Berezowica Mała near Ternopil – May 8, 2008 in Lublin) – a Polish Roman Catholic priest, philosopher (thomist), theologian, humanist and social scientist, the rector of Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski (1970-1983), the founder of the Lublin Philosophical School, the initiator and president of the scientific committee of "Powszechna Encyklopedia Filozofii".

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: Polish Society of Thomas Aquinas

description: philosopher, rector of KUL, OP

wikidata_label: Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec

wikipedia_title: Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec


text:
Amsterdam
Utrecht
Dutch Reformed
theologian
orientalist
Louis Gerlach Pareau
Amsterdam
Athenaeum Illustre
Leiden
Pieter Burman the Younger
Herman Tollius
Daniel Albert Wyttenbach
Henry Albert Schultens
David Ruhnken
Lodewijk Caspar Valckenaer
University of Utrecht
professor emeritus
university rector
Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences

categories: 1833 deaths,Dutch orientalists,Utrecht University faculty,Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences,Writers from Amsterdam,Dutch Calvinist and Reformed theologians,1761 births,University of Harderwijk faculty

paragraph: Jean Henri Pareau

paragraph: Jean Henri Pareau, also known as Joannis Henrici Pareau (13 May 1761, Amsterdam – 1 February 1833, Utrecht) was a Dutch Reformed theologian and orientalist. He was the father of theologian Louis Gerlach Pareau (1800–1866).

paragraph: He studied Oriental languages in Amsterdam (Athenaeum Illustre) and Leiden. At Amsterdam, his instructors included Pieter Burman the Younger, Herman Tollius, Daniel Albert Wyttenbach and Henry Albert Schultens; in Leiden he was a student of David Ruhnken and Lodewijk Caspar Valckenaer. In 1810 he became a professor of theology at the University of Utrecht, where in 1815 he was appointed professor of Oriental languages, a position he maintained until 1830. In 1831 he was awarded with the title of "professor emeritus". In 1822/23 he served as university rector.

paragraph: Pareau was a member of the "Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde" (Society of Dutch Literature) and an early member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (1808–1833).

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antiquitas hebraica breviter descripta, 1817 (published in 12 editions).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Principles of interpretation of the Old Testament", 1822 (translated from the "Institutio interpretis Veteris Testamenti" by Patrick Forbes).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joannis Henrici Pareau oratio de honoris studio orientalium, 1823.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Disputatio de mythica sacri codicis interpretatione, 1824.

description: Dutch orientalist

wikidata_label: Jean Henri Pareau

wikipedia_title: Jean Henri Pareau