text:
Soviet
World War II
Great Patriotic War
Sengiley
Ulyanovsk Province
Simbirsk
Ardatov
Stavropol-on-Volga
Secondary School
German invasion of the Soviet Union
Stalinabad
Regiment
Baltic Fleet
A-20 Boston
Libau
Danzig Bay
Hero of the Russian Federation
Order of the Red Banner
Hero of the Soviet Union
Tolyatti
bas-relief
Obelisk of Glory
Liberty Square
stele
Kuybyshev Reservoir
Kaliningrad
Cape Rozewie
Puck, Poland
Gdańsk
For our freedom and yours

categories: Soviet Navy personnel,Russian aviators,Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner,Soviet World War II pilots,Heroes of the Russian Federation,Soviet military personnel killed in World War II,Aviators killed by being shot down,1945 deaths,1923 births

paragraph: Victor Nosov (pilot)

paragraph: Victor Petrovich Nosov (; March 26, 1923 & died was a Soviet war hero of World War II (called, in Russia, the Great Patriotic War).

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Nosov was born on March 26, 1923, in the town of Sengiley in Ulyanovsk Province (then named Simbirsk Province), into a family of Russian ethnicity.

paragraph: Victor Nosov's father, Peter Ivanovich, worked as a prosecutor. Peter Nosov had started as a court courier at age 14, being appointed secretary of the Simbirsk district court in 1914. In 1918 Peter Nosov married Taisii Vasil, after which he was graduated from college and served as a judge and prosecutor. Since prosecutors were then not allowed to work in one place for more than five years, the family lived in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk), Ardatov, Novodevichy, and Stavropol-on-Volga (now Tolyatti).

paragraph: Victor had an older sister (Zinaida Petrovna) and a younger brother. In 1939 his family moved to Stavropol-on-Volga where he attended Secondary School #1 and become interested in radio engineering. After being graduated from 8th grade he entered a factory school and worked as a fitter at the radio station.

paragraph: The German invasion of the Soviet Union occurred on June 22, 1941, when Nostov had just turned 18. He was first sent to infantry training, but soon transferred to the aviation school in Stalinabad, and in 1943 was enrolled in the Levanevsky Naval Aviation School, where he earned his pilot's certification.

paragraph: In October 1944 Second Lieutenant Nosov reported to Mine-Torpedo Regiment 51 of the Baltic Fleet air force, equipped with American-made A-20 Boston twin-engined light bombers. He flew his first mission on October 18. From December 1944 he flew anti-shipping missions against German transports in the Baltic Sea and the port of Libau. He and his crew flew six sorties, their role being to fly in advance of the torpedo bombers and lay down suppressive fire on the enemy's anti-aircraft weapons, a dangerous task.

paragraph: Nosov and his crew participated in these sinkings:

paragraph: BULLET::::- December 12, 1944 – in a group of aircraft which attacked Libau and sank a 6,000 ton transport (not fully confirmed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- December 14, 1944 – in a group of aircraft which attacked Libau and sank a patrol boat (reliably confirmed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- December 22, 1944 – near Libau, bombed and sank an enemy patrol boat (not fully confirmed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- February 5, 1944 – Near Danzig Bay, in a group of aircraft which sank a 7,000 ton transport (not fully confirmed)

paragraph: On February 10, 1945, Nosov was made a full lieutenant.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: On Nosov's sixth combat mission, on February 13, 1945, his A-20 was in the southern part of the Baltic Sea (at about ) attacking a 6,000 ton transport when it was hit by anti-aircraft fire and burst into flames. Nosov flew his burning plane directly into the transport, which blew up and sank. Besides Nosov, his navigator (Second Lieutenant Alexander Igoshin) and gunner (Sergeant Fedor Dorofeev) perished. This was the war's first deliberate ramming of an enemy ship in the Baltic Sea.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hero of the Russian Federation

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Red Banner

paragraph: While still alive, Nosov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on January 20, 1945 by order of the commander of the Baltic Fleet "For the outstanding performance of combat missions during the Great Patriotic War, and for bravery and heroism". In April 1945, December 1947, and June 1953, he was nominated for posthumous award of Hero of the Soviet Union; these petitions were not successful, but he was awarded the post-Soviet equivalent, Hero of the Russian Federation, by Presidential Decree #187 of February 23, 1998.

paragraph: Section::::Memorialization.

paragraph: Tolyatti has memorialized Nosov in several ways. There is a memorial with a bust of Nosov (by A. I Frolov) in front of Secondary School #4 on Gorky street in the Central District. His image is one of the four bas-reliefs on the Obelisk of Glory in Liberty Square. River Street in the Komsomol District of Tolyatti was renamed to Victor Nosov Street. In front of Secondary School #1 is a stele with the names of alumni who died during the Great Patriotic War (including Nosov) on the front. Nosov's house in Stavropol was preserved when the city was moved prior to the creation of the Kuybyshev Reservoir (which submerged the old city). It is now located at 7 Pioneer Street and bears a memorial plaque.

paragraph: A memorial in his birthplace of Sengiley was dedicated in 1965 and street there is named after him, a street in Kaliningrad is named Victor Nosov Street, and there is a monument to Nosov and his crew on Cape Rozewie in Puck, Poland, north of Gdańsk (the former Danzig). The inscription on the plaque there reads "On February 13, 1945, the Soviet airmen Victor Nosov, Alexander Igoshin, and Fedor Dorofeev died for our freedom and yours..." (the phrase "For our freedom and yours" has long been associated with Poland).

alias:
Viktor Nosov
Viktor Petrovich Nosov

description: Soviet war hero

wikidata_label: Victor Nosov

wikipedia_title: Victor Nosov (pilot)


text: peer

text: Lord Lieutenant

text: Kincardineshire

text: Fettes College

text: Edinburgh

text: Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge

text: BA

text: MA

text: LL.D.

text: Aberdeen University

text: Second World War

text: Fleet Air Arm

text: Royal Navy

text: Distinguished Service Cross

text: surveyor

text: Justice of the Peace

text: Lieutenant

text: Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve

text: Royal Zoological Society of Scotland

text: RSGS

text: Nature Conservancy Council

text: Scottish Widows

text: Clydesdale Bank

text: Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts

text: Venerable Order of St John

text: Worshipful Company of Farmers

text: 1986 New Year Honours

text: Knight of the Order of the Thistle

text: St Machar's Cathedral

text: Arbuthnott family tree

categories: Scottish landowners,Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom),Arbuthnot family,Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge,People educated at Fettes College,Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II,20th-century Scottish businesspeople,Scottish surveyors,2012 deaths,Fellows of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society,21st-century Scottish businesspeople,Lord-Lieutenants of Kincardineshire,Lords High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland,Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,Scottish justices of the peace,People from Kincardine and Mearns,Scottish Presbyterians,Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John,1924 births,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,Scottish clan chiefs,Scottish lawyers,Knights of the Thistle

paragraph: John Arbuthnott, 16th Viscount of Arbuthnott

paragraph: John Campbell Arbuthnott, 16th Viscount of Arbuthnott, (26 October 1924 – 14 July 2012) was a Scottish peer, Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire (1977–99) and a notable businessman.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Arbuthnott was educated at Fettes College, Edinburgh (head boy) and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he studied estate management graduating with a BA degree in 1949; and a MA degree in 1967. He held an Honorary LL.D. degree from Aberdeen University (1995).

paragraph: Section::::War service.

paragraph: During the Second World War, Arbuthnott served in the near and Far East and Pacific theatre (1944–45) with the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy (1942–46), and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) in 1945.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Arbuthnott was a chartered surveyor and a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (FRICS), a Land Agent, a Justice of the Peace (JP) and a Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. He served with the Agricultural Land Service division of the Ministry of Agriculture (1949–55), was Senior Land Agent for Nature Conservancy in Scotland (1955–67), member of the Countryside Commission (Scotland; 1968–71), Chairman of the Red Deer Commission 1969–75, President of the British Association for Shooting and Conservation (1973–92), President of the Scottish Landowners' Federation (1974–79), and a member of the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (1976–2012), Scottish Agricultural Organisation Society (1980–1983), the RSGS (1983–2012); Federation of Agricultural Co-operatives (UK) Ltd (1983–2012); Deputy Chairman of the Nature Conservancy Council (1980–85); and Chairman of the Advisory Committee for Scotland (1980–85).

paragraph: Arbuthnott was a director of Aberdeen & Northern Markets (1973–91; chairman, 1986–91), and served as a director of the investment firm Scottish Widows (1978–1994), and was elected as chairman of the society (1984–87). He was a member (1979–85) of the Scottish North investment Trust, and a director of Britoil plc (1988–90), and joined the British Petroleum (BP) Scottish Advisory Board (1990–96). In 1985, Clydesdale Bank appointed Arbuthnott as a main board director, a position that lasted until 1992.

paragraph: Section::::Affiliations.

paragraph: Arbuthnott was Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA) and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE), Prior of the Scottish Venerable Order of St John (GCStJ) (1983–95), and served as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (May 1986–87), on the Royal Commission on Historic Manuscripts (1987–94), and a member of the Aberdeen University Court (1978–84), and Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Farmers.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Arbuthnott was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1986 New Year Honours, and made a Knight of the Order of the Thistle (KT) in 1996.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Following Arbuthnott's death, a service of thanksgiving for his life was held at St Machar's Cathedral, Aberdeen, on 14 September 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Arbuthnott was the son of Major General (Robert) Keith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott. He married Mary Elizabeth Darley Oxley (died 16 January 2010) on 3 September 1949; they had two children, one son and one daughter:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keith Arbuthnott, 17th Viscount of Arbuthnott (born 18 July 1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Susanna Mary Arbuthnott (born 1 May 1954)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arbuthnott family tree

description: John Arbuthnott, KT CBE, DSC, 16th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Lord and Businessman


text: DL

text: FRSE

text: Scottish

text: 7th Viscount Arbuthnott

text: 7th Dragoon Guards (Princess Royal's)

text: 52nd Regiment of Foot

text: Captain

text: Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire

text: Lord Rector

text: King's College, Aberdeen

text: House of Lords

text: representative peer

text: Scotland

text: Bruges

text: Lord Lieutenant

text: Kincardineshire

text: Highland Potato Famine

text: Lieutenant-Colonel

text: Arbuthnot family tree

categories: Lord-Lieutenants of Kincardineshire,Rectors of the University of Aberdeen,1860 deaths,52nd Regiment of Foot officers,1778 births,Scottish representative peers,Arbuthnot family,7th Dragoon Guards officers

paragraph: John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott DL FRSE (16 January 1778 – 10 January 1860) was a Scottish peer and soldier. Known as "the rich Lord" he built the bridge in front of Arbuthnott House, Kincardineshire. He was the first member of the family who consistently spelled his name "Arbuthnott" rather than "Arbuthnot".

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: He was the son of the 7th Viscount Arbuthnott and Isabella Graham.

paragraph: He served in the 7th Dragoon Guards (Princess Royal's) and the 52nd Regiment of Foot, reaching the rank of Captain. On 27 February 1800, he succeeded to his father's titles. Arbuthnot was Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire from 1805 to 1847, and Lord Rector of King's College, Aberdeen from 1827 to 1837.

paragraph: He had long service in the House of Lords as a representative peer for Scotland between 1818 and 1820, and between 1821 and 1847. He fell from a horse in 1829 and suffered a severe head injury. As a consequence in 1848 he was prosecuted for fraud, forgery and uttering and, although the family paid his debts, the Viscount left Scotland, never to return; his heir ran the estate from 1850. He is thought to have died in Bruges.

paragraph: Section::::Positions held.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire (1805-1847)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rector of King's College, Aberdeen (1827-1835)

paragraph: Section::::Publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- On The Potato Disease, Crop 1845 (an account of the beginnings of the Highland Potato Famine)

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On 25 June 1805, he married Margaret Ogilvy, daughter of Walter Ogilvy, Earl of Airlie. They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Arbuthnott, 9th Viscount of Arbuthnott (1806–1891)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. Walter Arbuthnott (1808–1891)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. Hugh Arbuthnott (1812–1866)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hon. David Arbuthnott (1820–1901)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arbuthnot family tree

description: Scottish peer and soldier


text:
Pashtun
Lodi
Lodi dynasty
Delhi Sultanate
Sayyid
sultan
AH
Pashtun
Multan
Sayyid dynasty
Khizr Khan
Sirhind
Badaun
Sharqi dynasty
Jaunpur
Gwalior
Jaunpur
Uttar Pradesh
Delhi Sultans
Delhi
viceroy
Sikandar Lodi
Sufi
Nasiruddin Chirag-e-Delhi
Hindu
Sher Shah Suri
Jaunpur Sultanate
Shaikh Sama'al-Din Kamboh
Tomb of Bahlul Lodi

categories: Lodi dynasty,Indian people of Pashtun descent,15th-century Indian monarchs,Sultans of Delhi,Indian Muslims,People from Delhi,1489 deaths

paragraph: Bahlul Lodi

paragraph: Bahlul Khan Lodi (died 12 July 1489) was the chief of the Pashtun Lodi tribe. Founder of the Lodi dynasty from the Delhi Sultanate upon the abdication of the last claimant from the previous Sayyid rule. Bahlul became sultan of the dynasty on 19 April 1451 (855 AH).

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Bahlul's grandfather, Malik Bahram Lodhi, was a Pashtun from Multan, he took service under the governor of Multan, Malik Mardan Daulat. Malik Bahram had a total of about five sons. His eldest son, Malik Sultan Shah Lodi, later served under the Sayyid dynasty ruler Khizr Khan and distinguished himself by killing in the battle later's worst enemy Mallu Iqbal Khan. He was rewarded with the title of Islam Khan and in 1419 appointed the governor of Sirhind. Bahlul, the son of Malik Kala, the younger brother of Malik Sultan was married to Malik Sultan's daughter.

paragraph: In his youth, Bahlul was involved in the trading of horses and once sold his finely bred horses to the Sayyid dynasty Sultan Mohammad Shah. As a payment he was granted a "pargana" and raised to the status of "amir". After the death of Malik Sultan, he became the governor of Sirhind. He was allowed to add Lahore to his charge. Once, Sultan Muhammad Shah asked for his help when the Malwa Sultan Mahmud Shah I invaded his territory. Bahlul joined the imperial army with 20,000 mounted soldiers. By his cleverness, he was able to project himself as a victor over the army of the Malwa Sultan and Sultan Muhammad Shah conferred on him the title of "Khan-i-Khanan". He also accepted Bahlul's occupation over a large part of Punjab.

paragraph: In 1443, Bahlul attacked Delhi but he did not succeed. During the reign of last Sayyid ruler Sultan Alam Shah, Bahlul again made another unsuccessful attempt to capture Delhi in 1447. Finally, when Alam Shah retired to Badaun in 1448, a minister of Alam Shah, Hamid Khan invited him to occupy the throne of Delhi. After the voluntary abdication of the throne by Alam Shah, Bahlul Shah ascended the throne of Delhi on 19 April 1451 and adopted the title of "Bahlul Shah Ghazi". Alam Shah continued to live in Badaun till his death in July 1478.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: After ascending to the throne, Bahlul decided to dispose of Hamid Khan. His cousin and brother-in-law Malik Mahmud Khan alias Qutb-ud-din Khan (Governor Of Samana) imprisoned Hamid Khan.

paragraph: In 1479, Sultan Bahlul Lodi defeated and annexed Sharqi dynasty based at Jaunpur. Bahlul did much to stop rebellions and uprisings in his territories, and extended his holdings over Gwalior, Jaunpur and upper Uttar Pradesh. Just like the previous Delhi Sultans, he kept Delhi the capital of his kingdom. In 1486, he appointed his son, Babrak Shah as viceroy of Jaunpur. In time, this proved to be problematic, as his second son, Nizam Khan (Sikandar Lodi) was named successor, and a power struggle ensued upon his death in July 1489. His tomb lies close to the shrine of the noted Sufi saint, Nasiruddin Chirag-e-Delhi, in a locality that goes by his name, 'Chirag Delhi'.

paragraph: Section::::Marriages.

paragraph: Bahlul married two times:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shams Khatun, daughter of Malik Shah Sultan Lodhi, his first cousin;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibi Ambha, daughter of a Hindu goldsmith

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sher Shah Suri

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jaunpur Sultanate

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shaikh Sama'al-Din Kamboh

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tomb of Bahlul Lodi

description: 29th Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate and 1st from the Lodi dynasty

wikidata_label: Bahlul Khan Lodi

wikipedia_title: Bahlul Lodi


text: margrave

text: Emmendingen

text: Lutheranism

text: Roman Catholic

text: Charles II of Baden-Durlach

text: Anna of Veldenz

text: Rupert of Veldenz

text: Louis III "the Pious" of Württemberg

text: Tübingen

text: Strasbourg

text: Grand Tour

text: Italy

text: France

text: Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg

text: Anna of Veldenz

text: Louis VI

text: Philip Louis of Neuburg

text: Louis III "the Pious" of Württemberg

text: last will and testament

text: Ernest Frederick

text: Lower Baden

text: Durlach

text: Pforzheim

text: George Frederick

text: Upper Baden

text: Rötteln

text: Badenweiler

text: Margraviate of Baden-Sausenburg

text: Lutheran

text: Calvinism

text: Catholicism

text: Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg

text: Cologne

text: a war

text: Ernest of Bavaria

text: archdiocese

text: Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben

text: Spanish

text: Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma

text: Charles III

text: Hochburg

text: Emendingen Castle

text: Emmendingen

text: colloquia

text: Baden-Baden

text: Johannes Pappus

text: Johann Pistorius

text: Cistercian

text: Tennenbach

text: Germany

text: Peace of Augsburg

text: Pope Sixtus V

text: arsenic

text: will

text: Pforzheim

text: Thirty Years' War

text: Wolrad IV of Waldeck-Eisenberg

text: Johann Pistorius

text: (online)

text: Johann Pistorius the Younger

categories: Margraves of Baden-Durlach,Margraves of Baden-Hachberg,1590 deaths,1562 births,16th-century German people

paragraph: James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg

paragraph: Margrave James III of Baden-Hachberg (26 May 1562 – 17 August 1590) was margrave of Baden-Hachberg from 1584 to 1590 and resided at Emmendingen. He converted, in 1590, from Lutheranism to the Roman Catholic confession, causing some political turmoil.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: James was the second son of Margrave Charles II of Baden-Durlach and Anna of Veldenz, daughter of the Count Palatine Rupert of Veldenz. From 1557, James and his brother Ernest Frederick were educated at the court of their guardian, the Lutheran Duke Louis III "the Pious" of Württemberg. James was very interested in recent developments in science and studied in Tübingen and Strasbourg. He then made a Grand Tour to Italy and France.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Regency, 1577-1584.

paragraph: When his father died in 1577, James was a minor when he inherited the Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg. Thus, the margraviate was taken up by a regency council, consisting of his mother, Anna of Veldenz, Elector Palatine Louis VI (until 1583), Count Palatine Philip Louis of Neuburg and Duke Louis III "the Pious" of Württemberg.

paragraph: Section::::Life.:Division of the territory.

paragraph: James and his eldest brother Ernest Frederick wanted to be sovereign rulers of their own fragment of Baden. Their father's last will and testament forbade a further division of the margraviate. However, the testament had not been properly signed and sealed. According to the three remaining regents, this invalidated the testament, so they allowed a division, thereby fragmenting Baden beyond the existing division into Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach. James received the Lordship of Hachberg, with its seat in Emmendingen. Ernest Frederick received Lower Baden, including the two largest cities, Durlach and Pforzheim. Their youngest brother George Frederick received Upper Baden, including the Lordships of Rötteln and Badenweiler and the Margraviate of Baden-Sausenburg.

paragraph: When James's heir died in 1591, Baden-Hachberg fell to Ernest Frederick. When Ernest Frederick died without a male heir in 1604, his possessions also fell to George Frederick, thereby reuniting Baden-Durlach.

paragraph: Section::::The conversion.

paragraph: The three brothers followed different paths in their religious development. All three were raised in the Lutheran faith. George Frederick converted to Calvinism, James converted to Catholicism, Ernest Frederick remained a Lutheran.

paragraph: In 1582, the conversion of Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, the Archbishop of Cologne to Lutheranism led to a war between Gebhard, who refused to give up his Archdiocese and Duke Ernest of Bavaria, who had been elected as his successor. Gebhard tried to convert the archdiocese to Lutheranism and allied himself with the beautiful Countess Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben. James fought in this war under the Spanish general Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma. He later served under the Catholic Duke Charles III of Lorraine.

paragraph: In 1582, at the age of 22, Margrave James III of Baden married the 16-year-old Countess Elisabeth of Culemborg-Pallandt. She was the sole heiress to a very large fortune. Their marriage was a happy one and produced four children. However, it lasted only six years. In 1588, the couple moved from the Hochburg to the smaller Emendingen Castle. On 1 January 1590, James III gave city rights to the market town of Emmendingen.

paragraph: During this period of deep religious division, the Margrave closely watched the three Christian camps: the Catholics, Lutherans and Calvinists. In 1589 and 1590, he commissioned two colloquia, the first in Baden-Baden, the second in Emmendingen, between Lutheran theologicians from Württemberg and Catholics. In Emmendingen, the Lutheran side was led by Johannes Pappus from Strasbourg, and the Catholic side by James's court chaplain Johannes Zehender. Afterwards, James converted, like his lead councillor Johann Pistorius had done two years earlier, in the Cistercian monastery Tennenbach on 15 July 1590 to the Roman Catholic faith. This caused a huge stir in Germany, as he was the first reigning Protestant prince in Germany to convert after the 1555 Peace of Augsburg. Under the rule in that treaty, Catholicism was made the state religion of the Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg on 10 August 1590. Pope Sixtus V had high hopes for the Margrave.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: However, only a week later, the healthy, 28-year-old Margrave James III died unexpectedly. His body was dissected by two professors of the Medical Faculty of Freiburg — a very rare procedure in the 16th Century. The precise Latin language of the autopsy report states that the cause of death was poisoning by arsenic (AsO). James's will stated that he wished to be buried in Baden-Baden, which was Catholic at the time. He was, however, buried in the St. Michael church in Pforzheim. The inscription on his grave does not mention his conversion to Catholicism.

paragraph: A week after James's death, his widow, Elisabeth of Culemborg-Pallandt, gave birth to a posthumous son and heir Ernest James. Ernest Frederick illegally took the baby in his care. The baby died after less than nine months, on 29 May 1591. Baden-Hachberg fell to Ernest Frederick, who converted it back to Lutheranism. Elisabeth of Culemborg-Pallandt converted to Catholicism after her husband died. Ernest Frederick then refused to give her the widow seat in Emmendingen, to which she was entitled under James's testament.

paragraph: The events surrounding James III's death illustrate the increasing polarization in religious matters. The tensions between the faiths had risen very high, and the hunger for power of the German rulers and princelings was very strong. In less than 30 years, these tensions would be discharged in a terrible manner during the Thirty Years' War.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and issue.

paragraph: James married on 6 September 1584 with Elisabeth of Culemborg-Pallandt (born: 1567; died: 8 May 1620), the daughter of Count Floris I of Pallandt-Culemborg (1537–1598 ). They had four children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anna (born: 13 June 1585; died: 11 March 1649), married in 1607 with Count Wolrad IV of Waldeck-Eisenberg (born: 7 July 1588; died: 6 October 1640)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Ernest (born: 21 June 1588; died: 19 September 1588)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jakobea (born; 2 June 1589; died: 29 September 1625)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ernest James (born: 24 August 1590; died: 29 May 1591)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Jürgen Günther: "Jacob III., ein vergessener Emmendinger? Reformation und Gegenreformation in unserer Heimat", in: "Emmendinger Heimatkalender 1990", p. 50–59

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Jürgen Günther: "Markgraf Jacob III. von Baden und Hachberg (1562–1590). Das Lebensbild des Stadtbegründers von Emmendingen im Wandel der Jahrhunderte", special edition from Badische Heimat 4/1990, Karlsruhe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Jürgen Günther: "Die Sektion des badischen Markgrafen Jacob III. - Der früheste rechtsmedizinische Fall der Universität Freiburg aus dem Jahr 1590", in: "Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Medizin", vol. IL, p. 297–305, Vienna, 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Jürgen Günther: "Die Reformation und ihre Kinder – Vater und Sohn Johannes Pistorius Niddanus - eine Doppelbiographie", in: "Niddaer Geschichtsblätter", issue 2, Nidda, 1994

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Jürgen Günther: "Johannes Pistorius Niddanus d.J. - Humanist, Arzt, Historiker, Politiker und Theologe (1546–1608)", in: "Lebensbilder aus Baden-Württemberg", vol. 19, Stuttgart, 1998, p. 109–145

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Jürgen Günther: "Markgraf Jacob III. von Baden (1562-1590) - Ein konfessioneller Konflikt und sein Opfer", in: "Freiburger Diözesanarchiv", third series, vol. 126, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans-Jörg Jenne and Gerhard A. Auer (eds.): "Geschichte der Stadt Emmendingen", vol. I: "Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts", Emmendingen, 2006, p. 185-278

paragraph: BULLET::::- Werner Baumann: "Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach." Stuttgart 1962, S. 33-63

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Pistorius: "Warhaffte kurtze Beschreibung (von der letzten Krankheit ... des Jacobs Margrafens zu Baden)", Mainz, 1590, (online)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- James III - Colloquium at Emmendingen in 1590

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johann Pistorius the Younger

description: Margrave of Baden-Hachberg

wikidata_label: James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg

wikipedia_title: James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg


text: Werle

text: Nicholas I

text: Henry I

text: Bernard I

text: Doberan Minster

text: Nicholas II

text: John II

text: Dominican

text: Dominican

text: Biographical information about John

categories: 1283 deaths,Lords of Werle,House of Mecklenburg,1240s births,13th-century German people

paragraph: John I of Werle

paragraph: John I, Lord of Werle-Parchim ( – 15 October 1283), was from 1277 to 1281 to Lord of Werle and from 1281 to 1283 and to Lord of Werle-Parchim.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Nicholas I and Jutta of Anhalt.

paragraph: After his father's death in 1277, he first ruled Werle together with his brothers Henry I and Bernard I. In 1281, it was decided to divide Werle and John took over control of Werle-Parchim.

paragraph: He was married with Sophia, the daughter of Count Günther of Lindow-Ruppin.

paragraph: He died on 15 October 1283, and was buried in the Doberan Minster.

paragraph: Section::::Children.

paragraph: John's daughters are not mentioned in historic documents, only his sons

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicholas II, Lord of Werle, 1283-1316

paragraph: BULLET::::- John II, Lord of Werle [-Güstrow], 1316-1337

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gunter, Dean of Güstrow, and perhaps Magdeburg, died after 20 April 1310

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henry, Dominican friar at Röbel Monastery, died after 17 March 1291

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernard, Dominican friar at Röbel Monastery, died after 24 August 1309

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henning of Werle, died after 30 November 1311

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Genealogical table of the House of Mecklenburg

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biographical information about John at emecklenburg.de

description: Lord of Werle, then Lord of Werle-Parchim

wikidata_label: John I of Werle

wikipedia_title: John I of Werle


text: GCMG

text: MBE

text: Governor-General of the Solomon Islands

text: Shortland Islands

text: Western Province

text: Chairman

text: Catholic

text: Holy Cross Cathedral

text: Obituary

categories: 1947 births,Members of the Order of the British Empire,2014 deaths,Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George,People from the Western Province (Solomon Islands),Governors-General of Solomon Islands

paragraph: George Lepping

paragraph: Sir George Gerea Dennis Lepping, GCMG, MBE (22 November 1947 – 24 December 2014) served as the second Governor-General of the Solomon Islands from 7 July 1988 to 6 July 1994. Lepping is a native of the Shortland Islands of Western Province.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: In March 2010, Sir George was appointed the Chairman of the 2012 Festival Pacific Arts Organising Committee.

paragraph: Up until his death, he was a chairman of the Eminent Persons Advisory Council (EPAC) of the Solomon Islands Government's Constitutional Reform Unit.

paragraph: He died at his residence in Honiara, was a Catholic and, in honour of him, a state funeral was held at the Holy Cross Cathedral in Honiara. He was laid to rest on his home island in the Shortland Islands.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Obituary

description: Solomon Islands politician

wikidata_label: George Lepping

wikipedia_title: George Lepping


text:
ancient Egypt
Akhenaten
Akhet-Aten
Amarna rock tombs
throne name

paragraph: Neferkheperu-her-sekheper

paragraph: Neferkheperu-her-sekheper was an ancient Egyptian official during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten. He was the mayor of Akhet-Aten, the pharaoh's new capital. He was buried in Tomb EA13 in the southern group of the Amarna rock tombs. His name ("Neferkheperu causes me to live" is a basilophoric name (one that contains the name of a king, usually to glorify him), since "Neferkheperu" is an element of Akhenaten's throne name.

paragraph: Section::::Tomb.

paragraph: Neferkheperu-her-sekheper's tomb was officially opened by Bouriant in 1883 and excavated by Daressy in 1893, but it had been entered before, as inscriptions on the ceiling included modern-era names and dates.

paragraph: The tomb is unfinished and in a good state. Its layout is similar to that of other Amarna tombs. It consists of one room, with six white columns in one row perpendicular to the entry; the distance between the two middle ones is slightly more than between the others. Work has been started on the back wall of the room, there would have been another room or possibly a shrine there. Decoration below the ceiling is complete, only the colours and the inscriptions are missing. Decoration lower on the wall is completely missing; on the south side even the columns haven't been carved completely. By the time the burial took place it must have been evident that the tomb wouldn't be finished; after finishing the room and most of the columns the workers began to work in the northeastern corner, the usual place of the stairs leading to the burial chamber. The chamber itself was just large enough to contain the sarcophagus. Two corridors leading from it are either contemporary or were carved later.

description: ancient Egyptian official, mayor of Akhet-Aten

wikidata_label: Neferkheperuhesekheper

wikipedia_title: Neferkheperu-her-sekheper


text:
Circe
14th Berlin International Film Festival
Cementerio de la Almudena
Procesado 1040
Alias Gardelito
The Romance of a Gaucho
The Venerable Ones
Circe
The Escaped
Santos Vega
The Truce
Akelarre
The Night of the Sunflowers

categories: Uruguayan male stage actors,Uruguayan expatriate actors in Argentina,Expatriate male actors in Argentina,1931 births,Male actors from Montevideo,Uruguayan male film actors,2011 deaths

paragraph: Walter Vidarte

paragraph: Walter Vidarte (18 July 1931 – 29 October 2011) was a Uruguayan actor.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He appeared in 83 films and television shows between 1958 and 2011. He starred in the film "Circe", which was entered into the 14th Berlin International Film Festival.

paragraph: He died in Madrid on 29 October 2011, after suffering from pancreatic cancer. His remains were incinerated at Cementerio de la Almudena.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Procesado 1040" (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alias Gardelito" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Romance of a Gaucho" (1961)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Venerable Ones" (1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Circe" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Escaped" (1964)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Santos Vega" (1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Truce" (1974)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Akelarre" (1984)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Night of the Sunflowers" (2006)

description: actor

wikidata_label: Walter Vidarte

wikipedia_title: Walter Vidarte


text:
Tarkhan dynasty
Sindh
Thatta
Mughal
Shah Jahan
Mirza
Mughal Emperor
Babur Beg
South Asia
Sindhi
Persian
Turkic
Shah Jahan Mosque
Sindhi
Abjad
Archery
Sufi
Brahmans
Debal
Portuguese
Fernão Mendes Pinto
Ottoman
vessels
muskets

categories: Mughal nobility,Persian poets,People from Thatta District,Indian Muslims

paragraph: Mirza Ghazi Beg

paragraph: Mirza Ghazi Beg Tarkhan () of the Tarkhan dynasty in Sindh ruled from the capital city of Thatta. He was the most powerful Mughal governor who administered Sindh, during whose rule the region had become fiercely loyal to the Mughals. In Sindh a network of small and large forts manned by cavalry and musketeers further extended Mughal power during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. He was a descendant of the powerful Mirza clan which had arrived in the region with the Mughal Emperor "Mirza" Babur Beg who had conquered South Asia in 1526. Mirza Ghazi Beg spoke nearly three languages which include Sindhi (his native-tongue), Persian (the official language of the Mughal Empire) and some Turkic.

paragraph: He is remembered for the completion of the monumental Shah Jahan Mosque built in 1647-49 at Thatta, he is also credited for introducing the Sindhi Abjad (new Sindhi alphabets alongside the original Arabic Alphabets). He was a charismatic leader who had a deep passion for Horse-back Archery and Sufi teachings. Mirza Ghazi Beg took action against the rebellious Hindu Brahmans. During his reign in 1568 Debal a Sindhi port city near Thatta was attacked by the Portuguese Admiral Fernão Mendes Pinto in an attempt to capture or destroy the Ottoman vessels anchored there, the port was heavy damaged and a large Mughal force armed with muskets was deployed on the shores to avoid such attacks and landings by the Portuguese.

description: Ruler of Sindh & Qandhar, Poet

wikidata_label: Mirza Ghazi Beg

wikipedia_title: Mirza Ghazi Beg


text:
Le Havre
Seine-Maritime
France
Brigadier Gerard
Le traquenard
Empire of Diamonds
The Agony of the Eagles
Le Miracle des loups
Mare Nostrum
Education of a Prince
André Cornélis
Saint Joan the Maid
Temptation
Imperial Violets
Inspecteur Grey
The Mysterious Lady
The Patriot

categories: French male silent film actors,French male film actors,20th-century French male actors,People from Le Havre,Year of death unknown,1873 births

paragraph: Fernand Mailly

paragraph: Fernand Mailly (26 February 1873) was a French actor.

paragraph: Born Fernand Jean-Paul Anne in Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, France.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brigadier Gerard" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le traquenard" (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Empire of Diamonds" (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Agony of the Eagles" (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Le Miracle des loups" (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Mare Nostrum" (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Education of a Prince" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "André Cornélis" (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saint Joan the Maid" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Temptation" (1929)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Imperial Violets" (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Inspecteur Grey" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Mysterious Lady" (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Patriot" (1938)

description: French actor

wikidata_label: Fernand Mailly

wikipedia_title: Fernand Mailly


text:
Canadian
composer
Vancouver
St. Boniface, Manitoba
Brandon University
University of British Columbia
T. Patrick Carrabré
Stephen Chatman
Keith Hamel
Nikolai Korndorf
Vancouver Symphony Orchestra
Amanda Todd
National Arts Centre Orchestra
Classical Composition of the Year
In Good Company
Juno Awards of 2011
JocelynMorlock.com

categories: 20th-century classical composers,Canadian classical composers,1969 births,Postmodern composers,21st-century classical composers,20th-century women musicians,20th-century Canadian composers,Juno Award for Classical Composition of the Year winners,Living people,Female classical composers

paragraph: Jocelyn Morlock

paragraph: Jocelyn Morlock (born 14 December 1969)) is a Canadian composer based in Vancouver. She is a member of the Canadian Music Centre.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Morlock was born in St. Boniface, Manitoba. She studied piano with Robert Richardson and completed a Bachelor of Music in piano performance at Brandon University. She received both a Master’s degree and a Doctorate of Musical Arts from the University of British Columbia, where her teachers included Gerhard Ginader, T. Patrick Carrabré, Stephen Chatman, Keith Hamel, and the late Russian-Canadian composer Nikolai Korndorf.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Morlock has received many commissions and made award-winning recordings. She was the composer-in-residence for Vancouver's Music on Main (2012-2014) and has been the composer-in-residence for the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra since 2014.

paragraph: In 2018 Morlock's work was performed in Calgary as part of the Luminous Voices concert.

paragraph: Section::::Style.

paragraph: Morlock's music exhibits a quirky and eccentric post-modernism, but is specially centred on emotion. Her musical language is typically tonal or modal, but is expanded with extended techniques and colouristic effects.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Name is Amanda Todd" (2016). It is a reflection on the life of Canadian Amanda Todd. It was commissioned and premiered by the National Arts Centre Orchestra as part of a multimedia symphonic collection "Life Reflected".

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Aeromancy" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amore" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bird in the Tangled Sky" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Cobalt" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lacrimosa" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Exaudi" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music from the Romantic Era" (2005)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: "Cobalt", Centrediscs CMCCD 20014 (2014)

paragraph: "Halcyon", Centrediscs CMCCD 23817 (2017)

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.:JUNO Awards.

paragraph: Classical Composition of the Year

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won: "My Name is Amanda Todd" (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nominated: "Exaudi" (2011)

paragraph: Section::::Awards and nominations.:Western Canadian Music Awards.

paragraph: Classical Composition of the Year

paragraph: BULLET::::- Won: "Cobalt" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nominated: "Oiseaux bleus" (2015)

paragraph: Classical Recording of the Year

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nominated: "Cobalt" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Canadian Chamber Choir's "In Good Company" album featuring her song "Exaudi"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011 Juno Awards nominees Juno Awards of 2011

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- JocelynMorlock.com

description: Canadian composer

wikidata_label: Jocelyn Morlock

wikipedia_title: Jocelyn Morlock


text:
shortstop
Pittsburgh Alleghenys
Louisville Colonels
St. Louis Browns
American Association
putout
assists
double play
New York Giants
World Series
Bridgeport, Ohio
Pottsville
International Association
National League
at bat
hit
Pittsburgh Alleghenys
American Association
games
triples
Springfield
Ohio State League
minor leagues
Washington
Eastern League
Louisville Colonels
runs
doubles
putout
Bill Hart
home run
assist
double play
St. Louis Browns
New York Giants
World Series
Denver
Minneapolis Millers
Butte
Portland Webfeet
Pacific Northwest League
Augusta
Southern Association
Bangor
New England League
manager
Wheeling, West Virginia
Interstate League
Central League
Bellaire, Ohio

categories: Major League Baseball shortstops,St. Louis Browns (AA) players,Washington Nationals (minor league) players,Denver Grizzlies (baseball) players,Denver Mountaineers players,Bangor Millionaires players,Augusta Electricians players,Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players,Baseball players from Ohio,19th-century baseball players,Burials at Greenwood Cemetery (Wheeling, West Virginia),Louisville Colonels players,Pittsburgh Alleghenys players,1860 births,1924 deaths,Portland Webfeet players

paragraph: Bill White (shortstop)

paragraph: William Dighton White (May 1, 1860 – December 29, 1937), was a professional baseball player who was mainly a shortstop in the Major Leagues for nine seasons from to . During his Major League career, he played for three different franchises: the Pittsburgh Alleghenys in , the Louisville Colonels from 1886 to 1888, and the St. Louis Browns, also in 1888.

paragraph: He led the American Association (AA) in putouts among shortstops for three consecutive seasons, from 1886 to 1888, and in 1887, he led all AA shortstops in assists and double plays as well. He was a member of the St. Louis Browns when they were champions of the AA, and went to face the New York Giants in a post-season exhibition set of game, known as the "World Series". Although the Browns lost the 10 game series, White played in every game.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Early years.

paragraph: White was born on May 1, 1860 in Bridgeport, Ohio, and he began his professional baseball career in 1883 with the Pottsville Antharcites of the International Association. During that season he is credited with making an appearance with the Philadelphia Quakers of the National League, which consisted of one at bat without collecting a hit.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:American Association.

paragraph: In 1884, he signed with the Pittsburgh Alleghenys of the American Association (AA), and played in 74 games, 60 of which were at shortstop; he had a batting average of .227 and ten triples in 291 at bats. That season, he also played for the Springfield team in the Ohio State League. For the 1885 season, he remained in the minor leagues, playing for the Washington Nationals of the Eastern League.

paragraph: In 1886, White signed a contract with Louisville Colonels of the AA, which paid him $2000 for the season. His 143 hits in 135 games that season were his career high totals, as well as his 96 runs, and 17 doubles. He led the AA in putouts for a shortstop for the first time in his career, and on October 9, against Bill Hart of the Philadelphia Athletics, he hit the first of his six career home runs. Staying in Louisville for the season, White continued as their starting shortstop, and again led the AA in putouts, as well as assists and double plays in 132 games played.

paragraph: He began the 1888 season with the Colonels, playing in 49 games before moving at midseason to play for the St. Louis Browns, and led the AA in putouts for third time. At the conclusion of the season, the Browns went on to play the National League champion New York Giants in a set of exhibition games called the "World Series". In ten game, the Giants defeated the Browns six games to four, and White participated in all 10 games, but had a .143 batting average however.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Return to the minors.

paragraph: White returned to the minor leagues after the 1888 season, and play for the Denver Grizzlies/Mountaineers of the Western Association in 1889, 1890, and partially in 1891. He also played for the Minneapolis Millers, of the Western Association for the remainder of the 1891 season. He began the 1892 season with the Butte representative in the Montana State League, however he later joined the Portland Webfeet of the Pacific Northwest League. He moved on to play for the Augusta Electricians of the Southern Association for the 1893 season, and then the Bangor Millionaires of the New England League for the 1894 season, his last as player.

paragraph: After his playing days were over, White performed three different stints as the manager of minor league clubs in Wheeling, West Virginia. The first took place for the 1896 Nailers of the Interstate League, then in 1901 for the Stogies of the Western Association, and finally for the 1905 Stogies of the Central League.

paragraph: White died in Bellaire, Ohio at the age of 64, and is interred at Greenwood Cemetery of that city.

description: American baseball player, born 1860

wikidata_label: Bill White

wikipedia_title: Bill White (shortstop)


text:
Springfield, Illinois
Brooklyn, New York
Major League Baseball
outfielder
Cincinnati Outlaw Reds
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Louisville Colonels
St. Louis Browns

categories: St. Louis Browns (AA) players,Cincinnati Outlaw Reds players,Augusta Browns players,Sacramento Altas players,Cincinnati Red Stockings (AA) players,1936 deaths,Milwaukee Cream Citys players,Sacramento Senators players,Baseball players from Illinois,Memphis Browns players,San Antonio Missionaries players,19th-century baseball players,1855 births,Louisville Colonels players,Oakland Colonels players,Houston Mudcats players,Major League Baseball outfielders

paragraph: Lou Sylvester

paragraph: Louis J. Sylvester (born February 14, 1855 in Springfield, Illinois – May 5, 1936 in Brooklyn, New York), was a Major League Baseball player who played outfielder from -. He would play for the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds, Cincinnati Red Stockings, Louisville Colonels, and St. Louis Browns.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Lou Sylvester

wikipedia_title: Lou Sylvester


text: Calcutta

text: Hyderabad

text: United Communist Party of India

text: Brahmo Samaj

text: Justice

text: Calcutta High Court

text: Mrinalini Sen

text: N.P. Sinha

text: Indian Medical Service

text: Satyendra Prasanno Sinha

text: Bihar

text: zamindari

text: Raipur

text: Birbhum

text: West Bengal

text: Presidency College

text: Presidency College, Calcutta

text: Susobhan Sarkar

text: University of Cambridge

text: Cambridge

text: Communist Party of India

text: Vanaja Iyengar

text: People's Republic of China

text: China International Communist School

text: Andhra Pradesh

text: Jawaharlal Nehru

text: Nikolai Bulganin

text: Nikita Khrushchev

text: Soviet Union

text: Joseph Stalin

text: Congress

text: imperialist

text: Communist Party of India

text: S.A. Dange

text: Indira Gandhi

text: Indian Communist Party

text: All India Communist Party

text: United Communist Party of India

text: Padma Shri

text: Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam

text: Eric Hobsbawm

text: Indian Communist Party (Sen)

text: Kanwalpreet: The memoirs of a Communist

text: Blog on Mohit Sen

categories: Brahmos,University of Calcutta alumni,2003 deaths,1929 births,Communist Party of India politicians from West Bengal,Presidency University, Kolkata alumni,Politicians from Kolkata,Bengali politicians

paragraph: Mohit Sen

paragraph: Mohit Sen born on 24 March 1929, in Calcutta, and died in Hyderabad on 3 May 2003 was a communist intellectual. He was general secretary of the United Communist Party of India at the time of his death.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Sen was born into a progressive and westernised Brahmo Samaj family. His father, Justice Amarendra Nath Sen, was a judge of the Calcutta High Court and his mother, Mrinalini Sen (née Sinha), was an eminent dancer. His paternal grandfather was an Advocate General of Burma. His maternal grandfather was Major N.P. Sinha, a member of the Indian Medical Service and his mother's elder uncle was Lord Satyendra Prasanno Sinha, the first Indian Governor of Bihar. On his mother's side he came from the "zamindari" family of Raipur in Birbhum, a district in present-day West Bengal. He had five other brothers, the eldest of whom was Sh. Pratap Chandra Sen, a student of history at Presidency College, Calcutta, who rose to a high position in a mercantile firm in Calcutta in spite of remaining a closet communist. Mohit Sen had his early education at the Presidency College, Calcutta, where he was a student of Professor Susobhan Sarkar. Later he studied at the University of Cambridge, UK.

paragraph: Section::::In communist movement.

paragraph: While in Cambridge, in 1948, he joined the Communist Party of India (CPI) as a 'candidate-member'. Also in Cambridge he met and married Vanaja Iyengar, who became an eminent mathematician later, in 1950. After marriage the couple moved to the People's Republic of China.

paragraph: Sen went to the China International Communist School in Beijing between 1950 and 1953. After his return to India, Mohit Sen worked in the CPI central office in New Delhi and also for its publishing house during 1953–62. Later he became party organiser and teacher in Andhra Pradesh.

paragraph: Section::::Political life.

paragraph: Mohit Sen arrived in India during a period when India had won her independence. The appraisal of the CPI at that time was that the country had not really got freedom, but was still a 'semi-colony' of Britain. The following words of Jawaharlal Nehru, who was then prime minister, to visiting Soviet leaders Nikolai Bulganin and Nikita Khrushchev in 1955, aptly summarises the CPI's position then:

paragraph: Until this year (1955) the Communist Party was saying that Indian people were not independent; they even opposed our National Day celebrations... They also said that when they were in doubt about the right line of action, they had to get directions from the Soviet Union. Early in 1951–52, some principal leaders of the Communist Party went to Moscow secretly, that is without passports. They came back and said that they had got directions from Mr. Joseph Stalin. At least this is what they said. The line then laid down was one of full opposition (to the Government) and, where possible, petty insurrections.

paragraph: Mohit Sen stood for collaboration with Congress for fighting against imperialist forces. When the CPI split, and gave rise to a new party, the Communist Party of India, Sen remained with the original CPI, under chairmanship of S.A. Dange, which was following nationalist line. He became a national council member of CPI in 1966 and was elected to party central executive committee in 1971.

paragraph: Sen parted ways with the CPI, following its anti-Congress stand, in 1978, following Indira Gandhi's emergency and subsequent failure in the election.

paragraph: In 1985, Sen joined the Indian Communist Party and when it merged with the All India Communist Party in 1988 to become United Communist Party of India, Sen became its general secretary, a post he held for 15 years till his death. He was married to Vanaja Iyengar, a mathematician, Padma Shri awardee and founder vice chancellor of Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam and at the time of his death, Sen, 74, was a widower and had no children.

paragraph: Section::::Writer.

paragraph: Sen was a prolific writer; credited to him are following books:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Revolution in India — Problems and Perspectives"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Glimpses of the History of the Communist movement in India"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Maoism and Chinese Revolution"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Congress and socialism"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Naxalites and the Communists", and

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Traveller And The Road: A Journey Of An Indian Communist".

paragraph: Section::::Writer.:"A Traveller and the Road: A Journey of an Indian Communist".

paragraph: He published his autobiography "A Traveller and the Road: A Journey of an Indian Communist" in March 2003, few months before his death. The book brought out Sen's evolution as an independent leftist thinker. Eric Hobsbawm, the historian, had opined about the book that

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Indian Communist Party (Sen)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. Satchidanda Mohany: "A Man called Mohit Sen An obituary in The Hindu, Chennai.

paragraph: BULLET::::2. Kanwalpreet: The memoirs of a Communist A review of "A Traveller and the Road: The Journey of an Indian Communist" appearing in The Sunday Tribune, Chandigarh

paragraph: BULLET::::3. Blog on Mohit Sen

description: Indian politician

wikidata_label: Mohit Sen

wikipedia_title: Mohit Sen


text:
Munkfors
ice hockey
TPS
SM-liiga
EliteProspects.com

categories: 1985 births,Swedish ice hockey players,Living people,Färjestad BK players

paragraph: Jens Skålberg

paragraph: Jens Skålberg (born July 2, 1985 in Munkfors) is a Swedish ice hockey defenceman. He is currently playing for TPS in the Finnish SM-liiga. The 2007/08 season will be his first in the Elitserien. Skålberg's name is spelled without an "h", which is a common mistake people make. He will be playing for TPS in the SM-liiga in 2009/2010.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- EliteProspects.com

description: Swedish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Jens Skålberg

wikipedia_title: Jens Skålberg


text: American

text: radio engineer

text: waveguide

text: Little Cooley, Pennsylvania

text: Grove City College

text: Columbia University

text: National Bureau of Standards

text: Yale University

text: Signal Corps

text: dielectric constant

text: Bell System Technical Journal

text: shortwave

text: radio propagation

text: waveguide

text: Bell Telephone Laboratories

text: Holmdel, New Jersey

text: Morris N. Liebmann Award

text: IEEE Medal of Honor

text: radio astronomy

text: IEEE biography

categories: Yale University alumni,IEEE Medal of Honor recipients,Columbia University alumni,Grove City College alumni,20th-century American engineers,American electrical engineers,Radio pioneers,1972 deaths,1890 births

paragraph: George Clark Southworth

paragraph: George Clark Southworth (August 24, 1890 – July 6, 1972), who published as G. C. Southworth, was a prominent American radio engineer best known for his role in the development of waveguides in the early 1930s.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Southworth was born in Little Cooley, Pennsylvania, graduated in 1914 with a physics degree from Grove City College, and studied one year at Columbia University. In June 1917 he joined the National Bureau of Standards, then in 1918 moved to Yale University to teach in a Signal Corps school. He remained at Yale to complete a doctorate in 1923 on the measurement of the dielectric constant of water at frequencies above 15 MHz.

paragraph: Southworth left Yale for a position with the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, where he first helped edit the Bell System Technical Journal, but then switched to researching shortwave radio propagation.

paragraph: In 1931 he began to study wave propagation in dielectric rods, by early 1932 observed wave propagation in a water-filled copper pipe, and by May 1933 transmitted waves through air-filled copper pipes up to 20 feet in length. (He later recalled that the first message sent through a waveguide was "Send money.") After he constructed a 5-in.-diameter waveguide with a length of 875 feet, the project was moved to the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey, where he spent the rest of his career until retirement in 1955.

paragraph: Southworth received the Morris N. Liebmann Award in 1938, and the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1963 "For pioneering contributions to microwave radio physics, to radio astronomy, and to waveguide transmission."

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Principles and applications of wave-guide transmission", New York, Van Nostrand [1950], xi, 689 p. illus. 24 cm. Bell Telephone Laboratories series. LCCN 50009834.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Forty years of Radio Research", 1962.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- IEEE biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- James Brittain, "George C. Southworth," "Proceedings of the IEEE", Vol. 81, No. 7, July 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- L. Van Atta, "A history of early microwave antenna development", "IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter", volume 23, issue 5, October 1981, pages 10–14.

description: American radio pioneer

wikidata_label: George Clark Southworth

wikipedia_title: George Clark Southworth


text:
Qajar Iran
Erivan Khanate
Abbas Mirza
Transcaucasian
Dagestanian
Russia
Gulistan Treaty
Napoleon
Treaty of Turkmenchay
Aras River
Qajar clan
Qajar dynasty
Fath Ali Shah
Shirin Jan Khanom
Agha Mohammad Khan
Qajar dynasty
Tehran
Russo-Persian War (1826-1828)
Qazvin
Treaty of Turkmenchay
Sardar Iravani
George Bournoutian

categories: Iranian governors,19th-century Iranian people,Khans of Erivan,1831 deaths,1742 births,Qajar dynasty,18th-century Iranian people

paragraph: Hossein Khan Sardar

paragraph: Hossein Qoli Khan Sardar Qajar (), better simply known as Hossein Khan Sardar () (born ca. 1742 – died 1831) was an Iranian statesman in Qajar Iran, who was the last governor of the Erivan Khanate from 1807 to 1828. Around 1826–1828, he and Abbas Mirza, the crown prince, attempted to win back the Transcaucasian and Dagestanian possessions lost to Russia during the war of 1804-1813 which had ended with the Gulistan Treaty. However, using superior tactics and weapons developed since their defeat of Napoleon, the Tsar’s generals inflicted even greater losses on Iran.

paragraph: In addition to ceding further territories, the 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay forced Iran to pay crippling reparations. The treaty also banned Hossein Khan and his younger brother, Hasan Khan, from ever venturing north of the Aras River, the new border.

paragraph: Hossein Khan belonged to the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajar clan, and was thus part of the royal Qajar dynasty. He was the son of Mohammad Khan Qajar, who had served as the governor of Erivan in the late 18th-century. Furthermore, Hossein Khan was a confidant of Fath Ali Shah, who had cemented their relationship by marrying his sister and giving one of his daughters, Shirin Jan Khanom, in marriage to Hossein Khan's son, Mohammad Qoli Khan.

paragraph: According to foreign writers who visited Iran, Hossein Khan was one of the most influential and wealthy leaders in Iran with as much power as Abbas Mirza. Hossein Khan Khan did not have any members of his family as prisoners in Tehran, had the privilege to issue coins, and had the infrequent favorable circumstance of maintaining an extensive part of the income for defense intentions. He inspired commerce and established a steady government. Indeed, Armenian and Russian sources, who rarely have anything positive to assert about the Iranian khans in Transcaucasia, praise Hossein Khan for being generous, truthful, grand, diligent, and fair.

paragraph: The Shah had been indebted to Hossein Khan ever since, on the death of Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of the Qajar dynasty, Hossein Khan led an advance column of troops to Tehran to secure the capital and the throne for Fath Ali. Later, the Shah dispatched him to quell a rebellion in Khorasan province. In return for his loyalty, Hossein Khan was rewarded with the Khanate of Erevan, which he ruled until the last Russo-Persian War (1826-1828).

paragraph: Hossein Khan was also granted estates encompassing some 62 villages near the city of Qazvin. Later generations of Sardars bequeathed their inheritance to religious endowments, or "vaqf". The "ab anbar sardar", a cavernous underground water reservoir in Qazvin, was named after Hossein Khan. Local legend has it that, at 3,000 cubic meters and 28.5 meters from base to ceiling, it took seven months to fill and its supply of water lasted for seven years. Fed by three "qanats" (subterranean water canals), it is the largest in Iran.

paragraph: Unlike other Transcaucasian khans, Hossein Khan did not make an agreement with the Russians and accomplished to hinder their attempts for two decades. Russia’s irritation was displayed in article 14 of the Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828), which particularly removed him and his brother of the privilege to sell or trade their estates in Erevan, a privilege which was allowed to all others.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sardar Iravani

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- George Bournoutian "The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828", Mazda Publishers, 1992.

description: Iranian governor

wikidata_label: Hossein Khan Sardar

wikipedia_title: Hossein Khan Sardar


text:
Spanish
Baroque
Seville
Seville
Francisco Herrera the Elder
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
Academia de Bellas Artes
Madrid
Alonso Cano

categories: 1677 deaths,17th-century Spanish painters,Painters from Seville,1605 births,Spanish male painters,People from Seville,Spanish Baroque painters

paragraph: Sebastián de Llanos y Valdés

paragraph: Sebastián de Llanos y Valdís (c. 1605–1677) was a Spanish painter of the Baroque period, mainly active in Seville.

paragraph: He was born at Seville. He was a pupil of Francisco Herrera the Elder, and worked chiefly for private patrons. In 1660, he actively supported Bartolomé Esteban Murillo in founding the Academia de Bellas Artes (Academy of Art), afterwards making frequent donations of oil and other materials for the students' use. He was thrice chosen president of the Academy, in 1666 and the two following years. He painted a "Virgin of the Rosary, adored by Angels and patrons" for the College of San Tomas at Seville, and a "Magdalen" for the Convent Recoletas in Madrid. Llanos is chiefly remarkable for having worked under the despotic Herrera longer than any other of his scholars, and for being wounded in a duel by the turbulent Alonso Cano.

alias:
Sebastián de Llano
Sebastián de Llanos Valdés
Sebastian de Llano y Valdes
Sebastián de Llano y Valdés
Sebastián de Llaños y Valdes
Sebastian De Llano
Sebastián de Llanos
Sebastian de Llanos-y-Valdes
Sebastián de Llaño y Valdes
Sebastián del Llano y Valdés
Sebastian Llano y Valdes
Sebastián Llanos
Sebastian de Llanos y Valdes
Sebastiano Llano y Valdés
Sebastian De Llanos Valde
Sebastiano Llanos
Sebastián Llano y Valdés
Sebastián de Llano Valdés
Sebastian de Llanos y Valde
Sebastián de Llanos y Valdé
Sebastiano de Llano y Valdés
Sebastiano de Llanos
Sebastián de Llanos y Valdis
Sebastián del Llano Valdés
Sebastiano de Llanos Valdés
Sebastian de Llanos Valdes
Sebastian de Llanos
Sebastian del Llano y Valdes
Sebastian Llanos
Sebastiano Llano y Valdes
Sebastian de Llano Valdes
Sebastiano de Llano y Valdes
Sebastian de Llanos y Valdis
Sebastian del Llano Valdes
Sebastiano de Llanos Valdes
Llano y Valdes
Sebastián Llano Y Valdés

description: Baroque painter

wikidata_label: Sebastián de Llanos y Valdés

wikipedia_title: Sebastián de Llanos y Valdés


text:
Admiral
nicknamed
four-star admiral
United States Navy
Battle Force
United States Fleet
President of the Naval War College
Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania
Reading, Pennsylvania
United States Naval Academy
Annapolis, Maryland
Spanish–American War
Battle of Santiago Bay
Cuba
Philippine Islands
Philippine Insurrection
Caribbean Sea
Asiatic Station
American military rule in Cuba
Tomás Estrada Palma
Philadelphia Navy Yard
Provincetown, Massachusetts
Great White Fleet
Hampton Roads, Virginia
Bureau of Navigation
U.S. Atlantic Fleet
occupation of Veracruz
Navy Department
World War I
Cruiser and Transport Force
Albert Gleaves
German submarine
Navy Cross
Charleston Navy Yard
Jerauld Wright
New York Harbor
Mediterranean Sea
Washington Navy Yard
Henry Clay Drexler
George Cholister
Medal of Honor
Naval War College
Newport, Rhode Island
Battle Fleet
Battle Force
United States Fleet
Raymond A. Spruance
Charles P. Snyder
Ernest J. King
Commander Battleships, Battle Force
United States Fleet
San Diego, California
"Life"
Donald Roebling
Fleet Marine Force
Marine Corps Commandant
Thomas Holcomb
amtrac
Guadalcanal
World War II
Claude C. Bloch
Ernest J. King
Fleet Problem XIX
Pearl Harbor
Mare Island Naval Shipyard
Fleet Problem XX
Panama Canal
Adolphus Andrews
Scouting Force
William F. Halsey
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Battle Force
James O. Richardson
Bureau of Navigation
Chester W. Nimitz
World War II
Narragansett Bay
Naval Operating Base, Newport
Legion of Merit
William S. Pye
General Board of the Navy
Secretary of the Navy
Daughters of the American Revolution
Director of Naval History
James V. Forrestal
Naval Court of Inquiry
attack on Pearl Harbor
Orin G. Murfin
Husband E. Kimmel
Pacific Fleet
Chief of Naval Operations
Harold R. Stark
American cryptographers
aerial torpedo
Newport, Rhode Island
Harry S. Truman
Pennsylvania Senator
David A. Reed
American Battle Monuments Commission
Naval Hospital
Arlington National Cemetery
Navy Cross
Legion of Merit
Sampson Medal
Spanish Campaign Medal
Philippine Campaign Medal
Cuban Pacification Medal
Mexican Service Medal
World War I Victory Medal
American Campaign Medal
American Defense Medal
World War II Victory Medal
Military Order of Aviz
Portugal
transatlantic flight
Curtiss NC
flying boat
War Department
Newport, Rhode Island

categories: Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States),United States Naval Academy alumni,Deaths from leukemia,American naval personnel of World War II,Recipients of the Legion of Merit,American military personnel of the Philippine–American War,American military personnel of World War I,Attack on Pearl Harbor,United States Navy admirals,People from Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania,1954 deaths,1877 births,American military personnel of the Spanish–American War,Burials at Arlington National Cemetery,Naval War College alumni,Naval War College faculty,Presidents of the Naval War College,United States Navy World War II admirals

paragraph: Edward C. Kalbfus

paragraph: Admiral Edward Clifford Kalbfus (November 24, 1877 – September 6, 1954), nicknamed "Old Dutch", was a four-star admiral in the United States Navy who was commander of the Battle Force of the United States Fleet from 1938 to 1939 and President of the Naval War College from 1934 to 1936 and 1939 to 1942.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Kalbfus was born in Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania to the former Mary Electra Jones and Dr. Joseph Kalbfus, a nationally acclaimed wildlife conservationist who served as chief game protector of the state of Pennsylvania and executive secretary of the State Game Commission for many years. He attended Selwyn Hall in Reading, Pennsylvania before being appointed from the state of Pennsylvania to the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. As a midshipman at the Naval Academy, he played football and was captain of the baseball team during his first class year, and trained afloat during the summers aboard the Naval Academy Practice Ship in 1895, 1896, and 1897. In the summer of 1898, during the Spanish–American War, he served aboard the battleship , witnessing the sinking of the and the Battle of Santiago Bay. Later that summer he participated in the blockade of Cuba aboard the steam yacht , the screw sloop , and the gunboat . After a final training cruise aboard the battleship , he graduated from the Naval Academy in 1899 and commenced the required two years of precommissioning sea duty as a passed midshipman. Voyaging to the Philippine Islands aboard the collier , he participated in the Philippine Insurrection in 1900 and 1901 aboard the gunboat and the cargo ship He received his ensign's commission on July 27, 1901.

paragraph: In November 1902 he reported aboard the protected cruiser , which was then operating in the Caribbean Sea, but soon found himself back in the Philippines when "Cincinnati" was assigned to the Asiatic Station the next year. In April 1904 he returned to the United States aboard the protected cruiser , reporting in September to the Naval Academy, where he spent two years as an instructor in the Department of Marine Engineering and Naval Construction and as senior engineering officer of the training ship during the annual midshipman cruises. After the 1906 training cruise he remained aboard "Newark" when it sailed to participate in the imposition of American military rule in Cuba following the resignation of President Tomás Estrada Palma.

paragraph: In November 1906 he was assigned as senior engineering officer aboard the new battleship prior to its commissioning at Philadelphia Navy Yard on April 18, 1907. "Kansas" conducted shakedown training near Provincetown, Massachusetts later that year, before joining the Great White Fleet at Hampton Roads, Virginia in December. Kalbfus served as the battleship's gunnery officer while it participated in the Great White Fleet's historic round-the-world cruise. "Kansas" returned with the fleet to Hampton Roads in February 1909 and Kalbfus went ashore in May 1910 to begin a three-year tour at the Bureau of Navigation.

paragraph: He returned to sea in November 1913, reporting first aboard the battleship , then as fleet engineer and aide to the commander in chief of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, and finally as navigator of the battleship . During this period he took charge of the Mexican railway system during the Atlantic Fleet's occupation of Veracruz. He reported to the Navy Department in 1915 as assistant director of gunnery exercises and engineering competitions. In 1917 he was a member of the Board of Appraisal of merchant and private vessels in New York.

paragraph: Section::::World War I.

paragraph: During World War I, now-Captain Kalbfus received his first command, the transport ship , which ferried troops to Europe as part of the Cruiser and Transport Force under Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves. On May 2, 1918, "Pocahontas" was attacked by a German submarine that bombarded her with shells. The ship was not directly hit and suffered no casualties. Kalbfus ordered return fire, but the submarine was outside the range of "Pocahontas"' guns, so the transport set an evasive zig-zag course, then fled at full speed, setting a record that allowed "Pocahontas" to outrun the submarine twenty minutes after the attack began. For saving the ship Kalbfus was awarded the Navy Cross. The citation commended his "distinguished service in the line of his profession as commanding officer of the U.S.S. Pocahontas, engaged in the important, exacting and hazardous duty of' transporting and escorting troops and supplies to European ports through waters infested with enemy submarines and mines."

paragraph: He commanded the battleship from 1918 to 1919, then joined the staff of Commander Destroyers, Atlantic from 1919 to 1921, where he ran the Destroyer Engineering School as chief of engineering at the Charleston Navy Yard. "He was a fine officer and ran an excellent school in Charleston, teaching junior officers how to take care of the engineering plants on destroyers," recalled Lieutenant Jerauld Wright. "[The distilling equipment] required continuous maintenance, so he got the manufacturers down to the school to teach us what to do."

paragraph: Section::::Postwar.

paragraph: After the war, he was department head of the Fleet Maintenance Division in the office of the chief of naval operations from 1921 to 1924.

paragraph: He was captain of the new light cruiser from its commissioning on April 19, 1924. "Trenton" departed from New York Harbor on May 24 for a shakedown cruise in the Mediterranean Sea, returning to the Washington Navy Yard on September 29. In mid-October, during gunnery drills in the Norfolk area, a powder explosion in the forward turret killed or injured every member of the gun crew. Two of "Trenton"s crew, Ensign Henry Clay Drexler and Boatswain's Mate First Class George Cholister, were posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for their unsuccessful efforts to prevent additional powder charges from detonating.

paragraph: From 1926 to 1927 Kalbfus attended the junior course at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island, beginning a long association with that institution. He was a standout student in the memory of the course director: "I remember particularly the research done and the presentation of the Pacific problem by (then) Captain Kalbfus, conclusions that were of inestimable value to those who later had to conduct the War in the Pacific." After graduating from the junior course, he remained at the Naval War College as a member of its staff for two years, first as head of the logistics department, then as head of the intelligence department. He left the Naval War College in 1929 to serve as captain of the battleship .

paragraph: Section::::Flag officer.

paragraph: Promoted to rear admiral, he was assigned as chief of staff to Commander Battleships, Battle Fleet in 1930, then went ashore as director of war plans in the Navy Department for six months in 1931 before returning to sea as Commander Destroyers, Battle Force, United States Fleet from 1931 to 1934.

paragraph: Section::::Flag officer.:President, Naval War College (first term).

paragraph: On June 18, 1934, Kalbfus began the first of two non-consecutive terms as president of the Naval War College. During his first term, Kalbfus devoted his energy to writing a treatise on naval planning that would eventually be regarded as the ultimate expression of Naval War College philosophy during the interwar period.

paragraph: Dissatisfied with the existing guide to naval planning, Kalbfus decided to replace it by writing a book-length treatment of the precepts of logical thinking that could be applied to every military situation. In Kalbfus' formulation, naval planning should be guided by "the fundamental principle for the attainment of an end," a three-part formula that evaluated the suitability, feasibility, and acceptability of a plan by asking whether the proposed course of action would accomplish the mission, whether the mission could be accomplished using the available resources, and whether the cost would be worth the price.

paragraph: Kalbfus believed his new book was essential to correct what he viewed as a widespread indifference within the Navy to the fundamentals of naval warfare. According to Kalbfus, "At the time... it was not generally accepted by the Navy that their business was to fight although, of course, if confronted with this question, they would have agreed that that is what they were hired for. But, within the range of my own observation, both ashore and afloat, I saw that the keeping of office hours and the performance of sundry routine tasks were more in order than an intensive study of the Navy's real business."

paragraph: Kalbfus completed his first draft in May 1936 and circulated it among staff and students for review. Many staff members were dissatisfied with the new text, including Captain Raymond A. Spruance, who objected to Kalbfus' rejection of existing doctrine and to his cumbersome writing style. Ordered to keep his criticisms to himself, Spruance instead presented them directly to Kalbfus, who overruled the demands of Spruance's outraged superior that Spruance be punished for insubordination.

paragraph: After assimilating all of the comments, Kalbfus submitted the book for publication under the title "Sound Military Decision", before departing the college on December 15, 1936 to assume a fleet command. His successor, Rear Admiral Charles P. Snyder, spent a year reviewing the manuscript, then rewrote several chapters for clarity and published this revised edition in May 1938. Outraged at Snyder's tampering, Kalbfus was persuaded by his chief of staff to avoid a public confrontation, but when it became clear that he would not be appointed to a higher position following his tour in the fleet, Kalbfus requested a return to the Naval War College in order to finish the book himself.

paragraph: Kalbfus published his version of "Sound Military Decision" in March 1942. It received wide distribution within the wartime Navy as the only naval planning guide then in print. In 1944, Admiral Ernest J. King enshrined its methodology in naval regulations as COMINCH P-1: "Naval Directives and the Order Form," although it fell from favor after the war. In 1984, the official historians of the Naval War College would write, "Many believe it was and still is the most valuable contribution to military thought made at the Naval War College in the past century...Kalbfus' "Sound Military Decision" was the most important expression of the college's philosophy, embodying both the focus and understanding expressed in college classrooms throughout the interwar period."

paragraph: Section::::Flag officer.:Commander Battleships, Battle Force.

paragraph: On January 2, 1937, he was advanced to the temporary rank of vice admiral as Commander Battleships, Battle Force, United States Fleet (COMBATSHIPS). Later that year, during a casual encounter at a cocktail party in San Diego, California, Kalbfus showed a "Life" magazine article about inventor Donald Roebling's Alligator amphibious rescue vehicle to Major General Louis McCarty Little, commanding general of the Fleet Marine Force. Impressed, Little forwarded the article to Marine Corps Commandant Thomas Holcomb, initiating a chain of events that resulted in the development of the first amtrac, the amphibious landing craft that would be used to land Marines on Guadalcanal and other Pacific islands during World War II.

paragraph: Section::::Flag officer.:Commander Battle Force.

paragraph: Kalbfus was promoted to admiral upon relieving Admiral Claude C. Bloch as Commander Battle Force, United States Fleet (COMBATFOR) on January 29, 1938. When assigned to command the Battle Force, he was the second youngest admiral in the Navy.

paragraph: Among his top subordinates was Vice Admiral Ernest J. King, a former "Cincinnati" shipmate and longtime friend who was Commander Aircraft, Battle Force. Since Kalbfus had spent his career in surface ships and knew nothing about naval aviation, he allowed King to do as he pleased. Kalbfus told his staff, "I won't have to worry about the aircraft of this force as long as Ernie King is down in San Diego."

paragraph: In 1938, Kalbfus commanded the attacking "Black Fleet" in Fleet Problem XIX, the annual fleet maneuvers that were being staged in the Pacific that year. Contrary to existing doctrine, Kalbfus allowed King's aircraft carriers to operate independently from the battle line, saying, "Give Ernie King plenty to do during the exercises." King used the opportunity to launch a successful air attack on Pearl Harbor. Several weeks later, King repeated the feat by attacking Mare Island Naval Shipyard.

paragraph: A year later, Fleet Problem XX tested the defense of the Panama Canal with an elaborate three-week simulated battle in the South Atlantic and Caribbean beginning in February 1939. The exercise was described at the time as the most elaborate naval operations ever staged in American waters. Kalbfus commanded the attacking "White Force," opposing the defending "Black Force" commanded by Vice Admiral Adolphus Andrews of the Scouting Force. During the maneuvers, Kalbfus demonstrated little appreciation for the potential of the aircraft carrier as an offensive weapon. In the first mock battle, he tried to use the carriers as bait to lure the enemy cruisers within range of his battleships. When that failed, he dispatched Rear Admiral William F. Halsey to locate the enemy with two carriers. Instead, Halsey sank the enemy cruisers from the air before Kalbfus' battleships could steam into range. The exercise concluded with an unimaginative surface action by the battle line, whose lackluster performance discredited Kalbfus in front of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had been observing the exercise from the heavy cruiser .

paragraph: Kalbfus relinquished command of the Battle Force to Admiral James O. Richardson on June 24, 1939, and reverted to his permanent rank of rear admiral. President Roosevelt ranked Kalbfus first of three potential candidates to succeed Richardson as chief of the Bureau of Navigation, but ultimately accepted Richardson's recommendation of a fourth candidate, Rear Admiral Chester W. Nimitz.

paragraph: Regarding Kalbfus, Roosevelt mused, "Well, what then will we do with 'Old Dutch' – I suppose we can send him to the Naval War College?"

paragraph: Section::::World War II.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.:President, Naval War College (second term).

paragraph: Kalbfus resumed the presidency of the Naval War College on June 30, 1939. His second term was dominated by his efforts to keep the Naval War College open during World War II. Upon the outbreak of war in September 1939, the Bureau of Navigation advised the Naval War College to prepare to have some or all of its staff and students detached, effectively shutting it down. Hastening to Washington, Kalbfus persuaded Bureau of Navigation chief Nimitz to limit the detachments to a fraction of the student body, and worked out a series of compromises to allow the Naval War College to continue to teach abbreviated courses throughout the war.

paragraph: Suspecting that the presidency of the Naval War College might not carry enough military value in its own right to be assigned a flag officer during wartime, Kalbfus recommended that the Naval War College president assume the additional duty of administering the various naval activities in the Narragansett Bay area. "Even though his duties as Commandant of the Naval Base may occupy most, if not all of his time during war, his office as President, Naval War College, will remain alive and the college will continue as an entity." Naval Operating Base, Newport was created on March 31, 1941, and Kalbfus became base commandant on April 2.

paragraph: As Commander, Naval Operating Base, Newport, he supervised the Naval Training Center; Naval Net Depot; Naval Air Station, Quonset Point; Naval Torpedo Station; Naval Fuel Depot, Melville; and the Naval Hospital. The new naval base cost $100,000,000 to establish and covered of shoreline. After the American entry into World War II, he founded an anti-aircraft training center in Newport and arranged for the Army to establish anti-aircraft defenses in the Newport area, for which efforts he received the Legion of Merit.

paragraph: He was placed on the retired list on December 1, 1941 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 64, but continued on active duty for another year, the only retired flag officer to exercise a military command during that period. On June 16, 1942, he was restored to the rank of admiral on the retired list by new legislation that allowed officers to retire in their highest active-duty ranks. He was relieved as Naval War College president by Rear Admiral William S. Pye on November 2, 1942.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.:General Board.

paragraph: After leaving the Naval War College, he became a member of the General Board of the Navy, a small panel of senior advisors to the Secretary of the Navy. In this capacity, he addressed the Congress of the Daughters of the American Revolution on April 20, 1943, where he declared that Japan and Germany must be restrained by force from future surprise attacks. "We must not let this happen again – Japan has repeatedly attacked nations without warning and against international law, and Germany has done it, too. When I am retired from the Navy I shall spend the rest of my days trying to teach the American people that their faith in humanity and high ethical standards are not enough, unless backed up with force."

paragraph: He was appointed the first Director of Naval History on July 12, 1944, although he was unable to devote much time to his new duties at first because he was immediately named to the board empaneled to investigate the Pearl Harbor disaster. He retired from the Navy after the end of the war.

paragraph: Section::::World War II.:Pearl Harbor Court of Inquiry.

paragraph: On July 13, 1944, Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal ordered that a Naval Court of Inquiry be convened to investigate the facts surrounding the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and to assess any culpability borne by members of the Navy. Kalbfus, Admiral Orin G. Murfin, and Vice Admiral Adolphus Andrews were the three retired flag officers named as members of the court. Vice Admiral Charles Wellborn, Jr. recalled that when appointed, Kalbfus "was commonly regarded as a good solid Naval Officer--not brilliant, but sound."

paragraph: The court convened on July 24, 1944 and held daily sessions in Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Pearl Harbor. After interviewing numerous witnesses, it completed its work on October 19, 1944. Its report to the Navy Department largely exonerated Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet at the time of the attack. The court found that Kimmel's decisions had been correct given the limited information available to him, but criticized then-Chief of Naval Operations Harold R. Stark for failing to warn Kimmel that war was imminent. The court concluded that "based upon the facts established, the Court is of the opinion

paragraph: that no offenses have been committed nor serious blame incurred on the

paragraph: part of any person or persons in the naval service." Because the court's findings implicitly revealed that American cryptographers had broken the Japanese codes, a critical wartime secret, the court's report was not made public until after the end of the war.

paragraph: Upon reviewing the report, Forrestal felt that the court had been too lenient in assigning blame for the disaster. The court had found that the Army and Navy had adequately cooperated in the defense of Pearl Harbor; that there had been no information indicating that Japanese carriers were on their way to attack Pearl Harbor; and that the attack had succeeded principally because of the aerial torpedo, a secret weapon whose use could not have been predicted. Forrestal disapproved all of these findings, judging that Kimmel could have done more with the information he had had to prevent or mitigate the attack. Forrestal concluded that both Kimmel and Stark had "failed to demonstrate the superior judgment necessary for exercising command commensurate with their rank and their assigned duties."

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In retirement, Kalbfus resided at his home, Restmere, in Newport, Rhode Island, where he was active in local civic affairs. In 1947, he was appointed by President Harry S. Truman to succeed Pennsylvania Senator David A. Reed as a member of the American Battle Monuments Commission. He died at the Naval Hospital of leukemia at the age of 78 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

paragraph: He married the former Syria Florence Brown on May 13, 1905; they had no children.

paragraph: Section::::Decorations and honors.

paragraph: His decorations include the Navy Cross, awarded for commanding "Pocahontas" during World War I; the Legion of Merit, awarded for his World War II service as Commander, Naval Operating Base, Newport; the Sampson Medal; the Spanish Campaign Medal; the Philippine Campaign Medal; the Cuban Pacification Medal; the Mexican Service Medal; the World War I Victory Medal; the American Campaign Medal; the American Defense Medal; the World War II Victory Medal; and the Military Order of Aviz, awarded by the government of Portugal for service in connection with the historic first transatlantic flight made by the Curtiss NC flying boats. The War Department awarded him a special letter of commendation for his World War I service.

paragraph: Ribbon bar of Admiral Kalbfus:

paragraph: Admiral Kalbfus Road in Newport, Rhode Island was named in his honor at the end of his second term as president of the Naval War College.

description: United States Navy admiral

wikidata_label: Edward C. Kalbfus

wikipedia_title: Edward C. Kalbfus


text:
Juan de Colonia
Francisco de Colonia
Burgos cathedral
Miraflores Charterhouse

categories: 15th-century births,Gothic sculptors,15th-century Spanish architects,15th-century Spanish sculptors,Gothic architects,1511 deaths

paragraph: Simón de Colonia

paragraph: Simón de Colonia (died 1511) was a Spanish architect and sculptor, son of architect Juan de Colonia and father of architect and sculptor Francisco de Colonia.

paragraph: Francisco de Colonia was a Gothic style sculptor and architect of the Plateresque.

paragraph: After his father's death in 1481 Simón succeeded him as master builder of Burgos cathedral. His most famous work is the chapel of the Constable in this cathedral. He also worked on the reconstruction of Miraflores Charterhouse.

paragraph: Pedro de Velasco built Mencia de Menoza a special palace, The Casa del Cordon, the House of the Cord, is the most important building of Burgos civil architecture and was constructed in the 15th century. It is located at the Plaza de la Libertad. It was built for the Constable of Castile Pedro Fernandez and his wife Mencia de Mendoza, and its architect was Simon de Colonia. The main door of the Casa del Cordon has a Franciscan waist cord that frames the doorway, giving the building its name. Above the doorway there are two coats of arms of the Constables of Castile

alias:
Simon von Köln
Master Ximón
Simon de Colonia
Master Ximon

description: Spanish artist

wikidata_label: Simón de Colonia

wikipedia_title: Simón de Colonia


text:
Ron Carter
Billy Higgins
Ernie Watts
Bob Maize
Harold Mason
Rufus Reid
Victor Lewis
Reservoir
Willie Jones III
Chuck Israels
Dick Berk
Roy McCurdy
Jackie McLean
Strange Blues
John Coltrane
Like Sonny
Allmusic
Jon Mayer
All About Jazz

categories: American jazz pianists,Living people,21st-century male musicians,1938 births,American male pianists,20th-century American pianists,Male jazz musicians,20th-century male musicians,21st-century American pianists

paragraph: Jon Mayer

paragraph: Jon Mayer (born September 7, 1938 in New York City) is an American jazz pianist and composer.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As leader.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Round Up the Usual Suspects" (1995) - with Ron Carter, Billy Higgins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Do It Like This" (1998) - with Ernie Watts, Bob Maize, Harold Mason

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rip Van Winkle: Live at the Jazz Bakery" (1999) - with Bob Maize, Harold Mason

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Full Circle" (2002) with Rufus Reid, Victor Lewis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Classics" (Reservoir, 2004) - with Rufus Reid, Willie Jones III

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strictly Confidential" (2005) - with Chuck Israels, Arnie Wise

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Romance" (2006) - with Rufus Reid, Dick Berk

paragraph: BULLET::::- "So Many Stars" (2007) - with Rufus Reid, Roy McCurdy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nightscape" (2009) - with Rufus Reid, Roy McCurdy

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Art of the Ballad" (2014) - solo piano

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live at the Athenaeum" (2017) - with Dark Oles, Roy McCurdy

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: With Jackie McLean

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strange Blues" (Prestige, 1957)

paragraph: With John Coltrane

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Like Sonny" (Roulette, 1958, 1960)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [ Jon Mayer] at Allmusic

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jon Mayer at All About Jazz

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.jonmayer.com/

description: Jazz pianist

wikidata_label: Jon Mayer

wikipedia_title: Jon Mayer