text:
Imam
Ali Ibn Abi Talib
Shia Islam
Muhammad
caliphates
Uthman
Ali
du'a
Khidr
du'a Kumayl
Hijrah
Khalid ibn al-Walid
Malik al-Ashtar
Hujr ibn Adi
Uwais al-Qarani
Kufa
Waleed ibn Uqba
Uthman ibn Affan
mosque
Fajr
Namaz
Raka'at
Damascus, Syria
Mu'awiyah
Homs
Madina
Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhaifa
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari
Marwan bin al-Hakam
Ammar ibn Yasir
Hasan ibn Ali
Hussein ibn Ali
caliph
sahabah
Jamal
Saffeen
Khawaarij
Battle of Nahrawan
Hīt, Iraq
Husain ibn Ali
Nahj al-Balagha
yaqeen
Du'a
Khidr
Basrah
Khidr
Shaban
Du'a Kumayl
Great Mosque of Kufa
Khawarij
Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam
Battle of Khandaq
Ashura
Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
Shias
Eid al-Adha
Karbala
Sa'id ibn Jubayr
Ali ibn Husayn
Kirman
Fars
Battle of al-Jamājum
Hīt
Imam Ali
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari
Ammar ibn Yasir
Bilal ibn Rabah al-Habashi
Habib ibn Muzahir
Hujr ibn Adi
Jabir ibn Abd-Allah
Ja'far ibn Abī Tālib
Malik al-Ashtar
Maytham al-Tammar
Miqdad ibn Aswad
Sa'id ibn Jubayr
Salman the Persian
Sulaym ibn Qays
Uwais al-Qarani

image: 512px-تخطيط_اسم_كميل_بن_زياد_النخعي.jpg

paragraph: Kumayl ibn Ziyad

paragraph: Kumayl bin Ziyad an-Nakha'i () was among the most loyal companions of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Moreover, Kumayl occupies a prominent position in Shia Islam. Converting to Islam during the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad, he rose to a position of prominence during the caliphates of Uthman and Ali. In the caliphate of Ali, Kumayl flourished and served him in the most disciplined of ways. However, he is recognized for his pious and humble nature as well as preserving Imam Ali's teachings. Kumayl is best known for the "du'a" (supplication) of Prophet Khidr, which is commonly known by the name "du'a Kumayl."

paragraph: Section::::Birth.

paragraph: Kumayl ibn Ziyad was born in the first year after Hijrah (622 CE).

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl's title.

paragraph: One of the titles given to Kumayl was al-Nakha'i. It simply means a person from, or a member of, the tribe of Banu Nakha.

paragraph: Section::::Converting to Islam.

paragraph: Six months before the final expedition (under Muhammad), Muhammad told Khalid ibn al-Walid to go to the people of Yemen and to bring them slowly to the religion of Islam. However, Khalid ibn al-Walid's approach upset the Yemenis, who then began to hurl stones at him. When the news reached Muhammad, he turned to Ali and told him go to the people of Yemen. Ali went to the people of Yemen with a group of soldiers. As Ali mentioned the word Islam, the Yemeni started to throw stones at him. Despite being hit by a stone, Ali told his soldiers to remain calm. The crowd was drawn to the fact that even though they had abused Ali he returned with a calm demeanor and good manners. As a result, many of the Yemeni tribes including the Kinda, Banu Nakha, Hamadan, and Thaftan converted to Islam. Kumayl ibn Ziyad, Malik al-Ashtar, Hujr ibn Adi, and Uwais al-Qarani also converted to Islam.

paragraph: Section::::Death of the Prophet and migrating to Kufa.

paragraph: Kumayl was very young when the prophet died in (632 CE). Malik al-Ashtar, Hujr ibn Adi, and Uwais al-Qarani were among those who moved to Kufa along with Kumayl ibn Ziyad. The first reporting of Kumayl living in Kufa is in document in the time of Uthman's caliphate.

paragraph: Section::::Conflicts with the governor of Kufa and the event of Al-Rabathah.

paragraph: In the year 30 AH (after Hijra), 650 CE, many Muslims living in the city of Kufa were angered by the actions of the governor Waleed ibn Uqba (the half brother of Uthman ibn Affan). He was known to be an alcoholic who publicly consumed alcohol. The tipping point came the day al-Waleed entered the mosque drunk to lead Fajr Namaz (morning prayer). He was so intoxicated that he read four Raka'ats. At the end of his fourth raka'at, he asked the people if he should continue the prayer. This event enraged many Muslim citizens, and they started to question the leadership and judgement of Uthman bin Affan. So Malik al-Ashtar and a group of ten people, one of whom was Kumayl ibn Ziyad, went to the palace of al-Waleed to address the issues they were having with him. However, they found him drinking alcohol. The delegation told him to behave in a proper manner. In reply he scolded them, told them to leave, and exiled them to Shaam (modern day Damascus, Syria). When the delegation reached Shaam, they addressed the issue to Mu'awiyah, who was the governor.

paragraph: After listening to the issues, Mu'awiyah exiled them from Shaam to Homs (modern day Syria). But eventually, Malik al-Ashtar, Kumayl ibn Ziyad, and the delegation made it back to Kufa. After coming back to Kufa and failing to remove al-Waleed, the delegation of Muslims (one of whom was Kumayl ibn Ziyad) led by Malik al-Ashtar set off on a journey to Madina, the capital of the Muslim empire, to address the issue with Uthman. Kumayl ibn Ziyad, Malik al-Ashtar, Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhaifa, and Abdur Rahman ibn Udays were the most vocal about al-Waleed and the corruption that was occurring.

paragraph: Section::::Conflicts with the governor of Kufa and the event of Al-Rabathah.:The event of al-Rabathan.

paragraph: On their way to Madina, Malik al-Ashtar and the delegation (one of whom was Kumayl ibn Ziyad) stopped at al-Rabathan to visit Abu Dharr al-Ghifari. Abu Dharr, who was a companion of Muhammad, and a firm supporter/companion of Ali, was banished to die in the desert of Al-Rabathan. At the time, 650 CE, Abu Dharr's health was deteriorating. Malik and the delegation then sat next to him. They were sorrowful that one of the great companions of the prophet was in such poor health. Malik told Abu Dhurr that they were on their way to Medina to meet with Uthman over the issue of al-Waleed. Upon hearing the news of al-Waleed, Abu Dhur became sad.

paragraph: After their visit at al-Rabathah, the delegation continued on their long journey to Medina. When they finally met Uthman, they communicated their concerns over al-Waleed's behaviors to him. Uthman took the same approach as al-Waleed had. He scolded them and told them to leave. This was mainly because he did not want to remove his half-brother from power. As a result, the delegates became even more disappointed. Even, Aisha (daughter of Abu Bakr) was upset and called him a long bearded Jew for not removing al-Waleed as governor.

paragraph: Section::::The downfall of Uthman and Kumayl's resolution.

paragraph: Since Uthman refused to hear their concerns about al-Waleed, the delegation, including Kumayl, went to the house of Imam Ali in Medina. They told him of the situation with al-Waleed and Uthman. Imam Ali was sad to hear the news however, he assured them that he would visit Uthman personally regarding this issue. He subsequently did so, and during his meeting with him he said: "Uthman, the Muslims are complaining of the rulers' persecution. And you know that very well I've heard Allah's Apostle (Prophet Muhammad) saying: 'On the Day of Judgement, the unjust imam will be brought to hell. And no one will support or excuse him. Then, he will be thrown into hell. He'll go round and round it till he gets into its intense heat'." This statement made Uthman realize his mistakes, and as a result he promised to seek God's forgiveness and apologize to the Muslims. However, Marwan bin al-Hakam, Uthman's cousin, persuaded him not to do so by saying: "You'd better threaten the people so as no one would dare to say bad words against the Caliph (Uthman)." Heeding Marwan, Uthman broke his promise and became stricter. It is documented that he hit the noble companion Ammar ibn Yasir and whipped the companion Abdullah bin Masoud. His stricter policies caused an uproar in the Muslim empire; people began writing letters such as the following.

paragraph: In true democratic fashion, Malik al-Ashtar represented the enraged Muslims in a meeting with Uthman. During the meeting, Malik asked him to step down from power but he refused. Uthman's refusal led to increasing problems. Imam Ali tried to help him and to resolve the issue. He sent his two sons, Imam Hasan ibn Ali and Imam Hussein ibn Ali to Uthman to protect him from the angry protesters. Despite this, the protesters broke into Uthman's room and killed him. After the killing, many Muslims, including Kumayl, went to Imam Ali asking him to become the new caliph (leader). But he refused. Despite his refusal, Malik, Kumayl and others insisted that he become the caliph. Malik addressed the protestors: "People, this is the Prophet's Regent. He has learnt the Prophet's knowledge. Allah's Book has mentioned his belief. Allah's Apostle[s] has told him that he will enter al-Ridhwan Garden. His personality is perfect The people in the past and present are certain of his behaviour and knowledge." Malik and Kumayl were some of the first to appoint Imam Ali as the new caliph. Thus, Imam Ali accepted his new role and removed unjust governors and leaders from the Islamic Empire.

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl's description of Imam Ali's Caliphate.

paragraph: In view of Imam Ali becoming the new caliph, Kumayl thought that the coming years would be peaceful. On the contrary, Kumayl narrates:

paragraph: When Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib became caliph, we thought that the people would honor Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, people would respect him. Those four-and-a-half years with Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib were the most turbulent years we ever faced in our live as human beings. I have never witnessed hatred like the hatred I witnessed against Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib. This man, when I was ten years of age, is the reason we the people of Yemen became Muslims. If it wasn't for him none of use would join the religion of Islam. And now when he becomes caliph, from every angle those who saw him give victory to Islam when he was younger. One by one they started coming out (against him). The confusion that began to effect us, the sahabah (companions) of Ali, was a confusion that you would never want to see. Because everyday there is an attack on our leader (Imam Ali) and there are wars against him. We finished the Jamal (a war), and they attacked him at Jamal. We finished Saffeen (another war), and they attacked him at Safeen. There were days where we sit with each other saying 'why is it that so many have a hatred for this man (Imam Ali)'. But the Imam would remain open with all of us. Any of us who approached him, he remained calm with us. He was a wall of unity for us.

paragraph: Furthermore, even after the Battle of Sifeen, Kumayl narrates:

paragraph: I remember one day after the Battle of Sifeen, we were walking past a house in Kufa, Imam Ameerul Momineen (Imam Ali) was with me. I heard from the house the most beautiful Quran being recited. A man recited the Quran in the middle of the night. I looked at Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib and said to him. 'O Imam this man reciting Quran, the words he is recites are so beautiful.' The Imam then looked at me and said 'Kumayl one day I will remind you about this man."

paragraph: Months passed and the Khawaarij attacked Imam Ali at the Battle of Nahrawan. When the battle finished, Kumayl narrates:

paragraph: Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib came up to me. He looked at me and said 'Kumayl do you see that man who has died over there from the Khawaarij army?' 'Mawla of course I see him.' He (Imam Ali) said 'Do you remember that night you and I were walking past a house and you said to me 'look how beautiful the Quran is from the man's house'?' I said to you 'wait there will be a day. That man laying there is that same man who was reciting the Quran.' What's the point of him reciting the Quran when he does not know my position within the Quran.

paragraph: Kumayl further narrates:

paragraph: Those years (referring to the caliphate of Imam Ali) were the most turbulent years for the companions of Ali. We lost Malik al-Ashtar. We lost Ammar ibn Yasir. One by one the companions of Ali ibn Abi Talib were dying. I myself was in a state of confusion.

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl the Governor of Hīt.

paragraph: Kumayl was appointed governor of Hīt, Iraq by Imam Ali who told him never to leave Hīt when situations got tough. Unfortunately, one day a situation occurred. Mu'awiyah knew that if he could remove Shabath bin Rabie (also a companion of Imam Ali and the killer of Imam Husain ibn Ali, who was one of the last men to strike Imam Husain's neck, (the governor of Kafarqos, some say the city of Kirkeesya), then he could defeat Imam Ali. So Mu'awiyah attacked the city of Kafarqos to try to remove Shabath bin Rabie.

paragraph: Kumayl narrates:

paragraph: I was in a state of confusion. Ali ibn Abi Talib had written to me saying' Kumayl never ever remove yourself from your city. I have put people in their different cities and they should never go and leave themselves.' When I saw Mu'awiyah attack. I wondered how can I leave this city when it is under attack, even though Ali ibn Abi Talib told me not to leave my city? I was in utter confusion. I left my city alone. I went to defend Shabath bin Rabie, and when I did so I received a letter from him (Letter 61 in the Nahj al-Balagha).

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl the Governor of Hīt.:Letter 61 from The Peak of Eloquence (Nahj al-Balagha).

paragraph: It is wrong of a person to disregard and neglect the duty entrusted to him and try to take up the work entrusted to someone else - and at a time when he is not required to do it. Such an attribution indicates a weak and harmful mentality. Your desire to invade Kirkisiya and to leave your province undefended and unattended shows the confusion in your mind. By such an action you will convert yourself into a kind of bridge, which your enemy can cross conveniently to reach your friends. Thus you will be a useless auxiliary who has neither power nor prestige nor dignity; who cannot stop his enemy's in-roads, nor can crush him, and who cannot defend his subjects nor can he be of any use or help to his ruler.

paragraph: Kumayl goes on to say: "I didn't know what to do. We were facing an absolute barrage of pressure from the attack at that time. We were holding on to Ameerul Momineen (Imam Ali) but Mu'awiyah was launching attack after attack, and we did not know what our stand had to be."

paragraph: Section::::Secrets of the World.

paragraph: Eager to increase his understanding of this world, Kumayl ibn Ziyad loved to learn from his teacher, Imam Ali. Kuymal narrates:

paragraph: There are times Ali ibn Abi Talib can see that you are going through difficulties. Those are the times when he takes you by the hand and reveals to you the secrets of this world. There are nights which I spent with Ali ibn Abi Talib where he increased my yaqeen (certainty) in Allah.

paragraph: For example, the following discourse in which Imam Ali takes Kumayl to a graveyard outside Kufa:

paragraph: O Kumayl ibn Ziyad, truly these hearts are vessels and the best of them are those which hold the most. So retain from me that which I say to you. People are divided into three types: a lordly knower ("alim rabbani"); one who seeks knowledge ("muta'allim") for the sake of deliverance; and the common folk ("hamaj ra'a") following just anyone, swaying with every current, not desiring to be illumined by the light of knowledge, nor seeking refuge from any strong support.

paragraph: O Kumayl, knowledge is better than wealth, for knowledge guards you, while you must guard wealth; and wealth diminishes as it is spent, while knowledge increases as it is disbursed; and the results of wealth disappears with the disappearance of wealth.

paragraph: O Kumayl ibn Ziyad, the wise apprehension of knowledge ("ma'rifat al-'ilm") is a religion by which Allah is worshipped. Through it, man acquires obedience in his life and a good name after his death. And knowledge is a judge, while wealth is judged.

paragraph: O Kumayl ibn Ziyad, those who hoard wealth perish even while they live, but the knowers endure for as long as time subsists; their (material) forms are absent, but their (spiritual) images in the hearts are present. Ah, what abundant knowledge is here (pointing to the chest); would that I could find one to bear it. Yes, I found one who was quick to understand, but he could not be trusted with it, exploiting the tools of religion for the sake of worldly gain, empowering himself with the grace of Allah against his slaves, and with his proofs against his friends. Then there was one who was obedient to the bearers of truth, but lacking heartfelt insight; at the first appearance of obscurity; doubt was kindled in his heart. So alas, neither this one nor that! Nor one who is greedy for pleasure, submissive to passion, nor one obsessed with acquisition and accumulation-neither of them is a guardian of religion in any respect. They resemble mothering so much as grazing cattle! Thus does knowledge die with death of its bearers.

paragraph: But indeed, my Allah, the earth will never be empty of one who establishes the proof of Allah, whether overtly with publicity or fearfully in obscurity, lest Allah's proofs and elucidations come to naught. But such as these - how many are they and where? By Allah, they may be the smallest number, but with Allah they are the greatest rank. Through them Allah preserves his proofs and elucidations, so that they entrust them to their compeets and sow them in the hearts of those resembling them.

paragraph: Through them, knowledge penetrates the reality of insight. They rejoice in their intimacy with the spirit of certainty; they make easy what the extravagant find harsh; they befriend that by which the ignorant are estranged. With their bodies they keep company with the world, while their spirits are tied to the transcendent realm.

paragraph: They are vice-regents of Allah on his earth, summoners to his religion. Ah, how I long to see them! Go now, Kumayl as you will.

paragraph: Another example, Imam Ali takes Kumayl outside of Kufa on a starry night with a breeze of wind. He narrates:

paragraph: Kumayl, these hearts are containers (of knowledge). The best of them are those that best preserve knowledge. Therefore, preserve what I say to you.

paragraph: There are three classes of people. The first class knows Allah. The second learns knowledge as means of salvation. And the third is rabble: followers of every crier, who bend with every breeze. These men do not seek to be illuminated by the light of learning, nor do they resort to any authority.

paragraph: Kumayl, knowledge is better than wealth. Knowledge guards you while you guard wealth. Wealth is diminished by expenditure while knowledge is increased even by giving it away.

paragraph: Kumayl, those who amass wealth die even as they live while those who have knowledge will continue to exist for as long as time lasts."

paragraph: Section::::Secrets of the World.:Hadith al-Haqiqa (Reality).

paragraph: Kumayl narrates:

paragraph: I was riding my horse behind Ali ibn Abi Talib. And while he was riding his horse and I am behind him, I called out to him, 'Whats the truth?' Imam Ali said 'Sorry'. I said 'What is the truth? Who are you?' He looked at me and said 'What have you got to do with the truth.' I said 'When you come to the door of bounties it is known that you never turn anyone away.' Imam Ali replied, 'What sprinkles in you, overflows in me. You want to know the truth who I am? You want to know the truth? You think you are close to me and you want to know the truth, you think you know the truth as to who I am? I will tell you what the truth is. The truth is the revelation of the splendor of the divine majesty without a sign.' I (Kumayl) said, 'I don't understand what you mean, tell me more.' He said 'It is the defacement of the conjecture through the clearing of the known.' I (Kumayl) said 'I don't understand, but continue telling me what is the truth.' He said 'It's the rendering of the veils by the triumph of mystery.' I said 'Tell me more.' He said 'It is the divine attraction, but through the apprehension of the known.' I said 'Tell me more.' He said 'It's that light of the morning eternity that continues to radiate through the unity of the temples and their disunity. That's who I am.' I did not have a clue as to what he meant. Imam Ali continue riding the horse and I continued riding behind him. Ali's final answer was: "Extinguish the lamp, for the Sun has risen."

paragraph: Section::::Du'as from Imam Ali saved by Kumayl.

paragraph: Kumayl ibn Ziyad saved many Du'as which he learned from Imam Ali. Two of these du'as are "Du'a Sabah" and "Du'a of Prophet Khidr" (renamed "Du'a Kumayl").

paragraph: Section::::Du'as from Imam Ali saved by Kumayl.:Du'a Sabah (Morning Supplication).

paragraph: In the Name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful

paragraph: Oh God, Oh He who extended the morning's tongue in the speech of its dawning, dispatched the fragments of the dark night into the gloom of its stammering, made firm the structure of the turning spheres in the measures of its display, and beamed forth the brightness of the sun through the light of its blazing! Oh, He who demonstrates His Essence by His Essence, transcends congeneity with His creatures and is exalted beyond conformity with His qualities!

paragraph: Oh, He who is near to the passing thoughts of opinions, far from the regards of eyes, and knows what will be before it comes to be! Oh, He who has put me at ease in the cradle of His security and sanctuary, awakened me to the favors and kindness that He has bestowed upon me, and held from the claws of evil with His hand and His force!

paragraph: Bless, O God, the guide to Thee in the darkest night, him who, of Thy ropes, clings to the cord of the longest nobility; him whose glory is evident at the summit of stout shoulders, and whose feet were entrenched in spite of slippery places in ancient time; and [bless] his household, the good, the chosen, the pious,

paragraph: And open for us, O God, the leaves of morning's door with the keys of mercy and prosperity! Clothe me, O God, with the most excellent robes of guidance and righteousness!

paragraph: Plant, O God, through Thy awesomeness, the springs of humility in the watering place of my heart! Cause to flow, O God, because of Thy awesomeness, tears of moaning from the corner of my eyes! And chastise, O God, the recklessness of my clumsiness with the reins of contentment! My God, if mercy from Thee does not begin with fair success for me, then who can take me to Thee upon the evident path?

paragraph: If Thy deliberateness would turn me over to the guide of hope and wishes, then who will annul my slips from the stumbles of caprice? If Thy deliberateness should turn me over to the guide of hope and wishes, then who will annul my slips from the stumbles of caprice? If Thy help should forsake me in the battle with the soul and Satan, then Thy forsaking will have entrusted me to where there is hardship and deprivation. My God, dost Thou see that I have only come to Thee from the direction of hopes or clung to the ends of Thy cords when my sins have driven me from the house of union?

paragraph: So what an evil mount upon which my soul has mounted – its caprice! Woe upon it for being seduced by its own opinions and wishes! And destruction be upon it for its audacity toward its Master and Protector! My God, I have knocked upon the door of Thy mercy with the hand of my hope, fled to Thee seeking refuge from my excessive caprice and fixed the fingers of my love to the ends of Thy cords.

paragraph: So pardon, O God, the slips and errors I have committed and release me from the foot-tangling of my robe. For Thou art my Master, my Protector, my Support and my Hope and Thou art the object of my search and my desire in my ultimate end and stable abode. My God, how couldst Thou drive away a poor beggar who seeks refuge in Thee from sins, fleeing? Or how couldst Thou disappoint one seeking guidance who repairs to Thy threshold, running?

paragraph: Never! For Thy pools are full in the hardship of drought, Thy door is open for seeking and penetration and Thou art the goal of requests and the object of hopes. My God, these are the reins of my soul I have bound them with the ties of Thy will. These are the burdens of my sins I have averted them with Thy pardon and mercy. And these are my caprices that lead astray - I have entrusted them to the threshold of Thy gentleness and kindliness.

paragraph: So make this morning of mine, O God, descend upon me with the radiance of guidance, and with safety in religion and this world! And [make] my evening a shield against the deception of enemies and a protection against the destructive blows of caprice!

paragraph: Verily Thou art able over what Thou wilt! Thou givest the kingdom to whom Thou wilt, and Thou seizest the kingdom from whom Thou wilt; Thou exaultest whom Thou wilt, and Thou abasest whom Thou wilt; in Thy hand is the good; Thou art powerful over all things. Thou makest the night to enter into the day, and Thou makest the day to enter into the night; Thou bringest forth the living from the dead, and Thou bringest forth dead from the living; and Thou providest whomsoever Thou wilt without reckoning.

paragraph: There is no god but Thou! Glory be to Thee, O God, and Thine is the praise! Who knows Thy measure without fearing Thee? Who knows what Thou art without awe of Thee? Through Thy power Thou hast joined disparate things, through Thy gentleness Thou hast cleaved apart the daybreak and through Thy generosity Thou hast illumined the dark shrouds of night. Thou hast made waters, sweet and salt, flow forth from hard shining stones, sent down out of rain-clouds water cascading, and appointed the sun and moon a blazing lamp for the creatures, without experiencing in that which Thou originated either weariness or effort.

paragraph: So, O He who is alone in might and subsistence and dominates His slaves with death and annihilation, Bless Muhammad and his household, the god-fearing, answer my supplication hear my call, destroy my enemies and actualize through Thy bounty my hope and desire.

paragraph: O best of those who is called to remove affliction and object of hope in every difficulty and ease! I have stated my need, so do not reject me, O my master, despairing of Thy exalted gifts. O All-generous! O All-generous! O All-generous! By Thy mercy, O Most Merciful of the merciful! And God bless the best of His creatures, Muhammad, and all his household!

paragraph: Then prostrate and say:

paragraph: My God, my heart is veiled, my soul deficient, my intelligence defeated, my caprice triumphant, my obedience little, my disobedience much and my tongue acknowledges sins. So what am I to do? O He who covers defects! O He who knows the unseen things! Forgive my sins, all of them, by the sacredness of Muhammad and the household of Muhammad! O All-forgiver! O All-forgiver! O All-forgiver! By Thy mercy, O Most Merciful of the merciful!

paragraph: Section::::Du'as from Imam Ali saved by Kumayl.:Du'a Kumayl.

paragraph: History

paragraph: Kumayl narrates:It was in the Mosque in Basrah, Iraq. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib was giving us a talk. He said all of you should recite the Du'a of Prophet Khidr. This du'a should be recited either on the 15th of Shaban (Islamic month), or on a Thursday night, or whenever you can. This du'a removes evils from your life, removes all forms of envy, and removes any suffering that will exist in your life. After the group of companions heard the du'a, they left to go home. Kumayl said, "I stayed behind. I said 'O Amir al-Momineen can you teach me the du'a? Because I don't just want to listen to a du'a, I want to make sure that the du'a spreads in the lives of people for ever'." Imam Ali then told Kumayl, "Allah may protect thee from the evils of the enemies and the plots contrived by impostors. O' Kumayl! in consideration of thy companionship and understanding, I grant thee this honour of entrusting this "Du'a" to thee." Kumayl wrote down the supplication to preserve it.

paragraph: How and Why Did the Du'a's Name Change

paragraph: The name of the Du'a changed from "Du'a of Prophet Khidr" to "Du'a Kumayl" because Kumayl memorized it and was one of the main people who spread the du'a. Over the years people began referring the du'a as "Du'a Kumayl" because he was the one who wrote it down and spread it to others.

paragraph: The Du'a (Supplication)

paragraph: O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his progeny.

paragraph: O Allah! I beseech Thee by Thy mercy which encompasses all things, and by Thy power by which Thou overcometh all things, and submit to it all things, and humble before it all things, and by Thy might by which Thou hast conquered all things, and by Thy majesty against which nothing can stand up. And by Thy grandeur which prevails upon all things, and by Thy authority which is exercised over all things, and by Thy own self that shall endure forever after all things have vanished, and by Thy Names which manifest Thy power over all things, and by Thy knowledge which pervades all things, and by the light of Thy countenance which illuminates everything O Thou who art the light!

paragraph: O Thou who art the most holy! O Thou who existed before the foremost! O Thou who shall exist after the last!

paragraph: O Allah! Forgive me my such sins as would affront my continency O Allah! Forgive me my such sins as would bring down calamity.

paragraph: O Allah! Forgive me my such sins as would change divine favours into disfavours. O Allah! Forgive me my such sins as would hinder my supplication. O Allah! Forgive me such sins as bring down misfortunes or afflictions. O Allah! Forgive my such sins as would suppress hope.

paragraph: O Allah! Forgive every sin that I have committed and every error that I have erred. O Allah! I endeavor to draw myself nigh to Thee through Thy invocation, and I pray to Thee to intercede on my behalf, and I entreat Thee by Thy benevolence to draw me nearer to Thee. And grant me that I should be grateful to Thee, and inspire me to remember and to invoke Thee.

paragraph: O Allah! I entreat Thee begging Thee submissively, humbly and awestruck, to treat me with clemency and mercy, and to make me pleased and contented with what Thou hast allotted to me, and cause me to be modest and unassuming in all circumstances.

paragraph: O Allah! I beg Thee as one who is passing through extreme privation, and who supplicates his needs to Thee, and his hope has been greatly raised by that which is with Thee.

paragraph: O Allah! Great is Thy kingdom and exalted is Thy greatness. Thy plan is secret, Thy authority is manifest, Thy might is victorious and subduing, and Thy power is prevalent throughout. And it is not possible to escape from Thy dominion

paragraph: O Allah! Except Thee I do not find any one able to pardon my sins nor to conceal my loathsome acts. Nor have I any one except Thee to change my evil deeds into virtues. There is no god but Thou. Glory and praise be to Thee. I have made my own soul to suffer I had the audacity (to sin) by my ignorance, relying upon my past remembrance of Thee and Thy grace towards me.

paragraph: O Allah! My Lord! How many of my loathsome acts hast Thou screened (from public gaze)? How many of my grievous afflictions (distresses) hast Thou reduced in severity? And how many of my stumbling hast Thou protected? How many of my detestable acts has Thou averted, and how many of my undeserving praises hast Thou spread abroad!?

paragraph: O Allah! My trials and sufferings have increased, and my evilness has worsened. My good deeds have diminished and my yokes (of misdeeds) have become firm. And remote hopes restrain me to profit (by good deeds). And the world has deceived me with its allurements, and my own self has been affected by treachery and procrastination.

paragraph: Therefore, my Lord! I implore Thee by Thy greatness not to let my sins and my misdeeds shut out access to my prayers from reaching Thy realm. And not to disgrace me by exposing those (hidden ones) of which Thou hast knowledge, nor to hasten my retribution for those vices and misdeeds committed by me in secret, which were due to evil mindedness, ignorance, excessive lustfulness and my negligence.

paragraph: O Allah! I beg Thee by Thy greatness to be compassionate to me in all circumstances, and well disposed towards me in all matters. My God! My Nourisher! Have I anyone except Thee from whom I can seek the dislodging of my evils and understanding of my problems?

paragraph: My God! My Master! Thou decreed a law for me but instead I obeyed my own low desires, and I did not guard myself against the allurements of my enemy. He deceived me with vain hopes whereby I was led astray, and fate helped him in that respect. Thus I transgressed some of its limits set for me by Thee, and I disobeyed some of Thy commandments. Thou hast therefore a (just) cause against me in all those matters, and I have no plea against Thy judgment passed against me. I have therefore become (justifiably) liable to Thy judgment and afflictions.

paragraph: But now I have turned to Thee, my Lord, after being guilty of omissions and transgressions against my soul, apologetically, repentantly, brokenheartedly, entreating earnestly for forgiveness, yielding, and confessing (to my guilt). As I can find no escape from that which was done by me, and having no refuge to which I could turn except seeking Thy acceptance of my excuse, and admitting me into the realm of Thy capacious mercy.

paragraph: O Allah! Accept my apology and have pity on my intense sufferings, and set me free from my heavy fetters (of evil deeds). My Nourisher! Have mercy on the infirmity of my body, the delicacy of my skin, and the brittleness of my bones.

paragraph: O' Thou! who originated my creation and accorded me my individuality, and ensured my upbringing and welfare, and provided my sustenance, I beg Thee to restore Thy favours and blessings upon me as Thou didst in the beginning of my life.

paragraph: O' my God! My master! My Lord! And my Nourisher! What! Wilt Thou see me punished with the fire kindled by Thee, despite my belief in Thy unity? And despite the fact that my heart has been filled with pure knowledge of Thee, and when my tongue has repeatedly praised Thee, and my conscience has acknowledged Thy love, and despite my sincere confessions (of my sins), and my humble entreaties submissively made to Thy divinity?

paragraph: Nay, Thou art far too kind and generous to destroy one whom thyself nourished and supported, or to drive away from Thyself one whom Thou has kept under Thy protection, or to scare away one whom Thy self hast given shelter, or to abandon in affliction one Thou hast maintained and to whom Thou hast been merciful. I wish I had known o' my Master, my God and my Lord! Wilt Thou inflict fire upon faces which have submissively bowed in prostration to Thy greatness, or upon the tongues which have sincerely confirmed Thy unity, and have always expressed gratitude to Thee, or upon hearts which have acknowledged Thy divinity with conviction, or upon the minds which accumulated so much knowledge of Thee until they became submissive to Thee, or upon the limbs which strove, at the places appointed for Thy worship, to adore Thee willingly, and seek Thy forgiveness submissively? Such sort of harshness is not expected from Thee as it is remote from Thy grace, o' generous one!

paragraph: O' Lord! Thou art aware of my weakness to bear even a minor affliction of this world, and its consequence, and adversity affecting the denizen of this earth, although such afflictions are momentary, short-lived and transient. How then can I bear the retributions and the punishments of the hereafter which are enormous and of intensive sufferings, of prolonged period and perpetual duration, and which shall never be alleviated for those who deserve the same as those retributions will be the result of Thy wrath; and Thy punishment which neither the heavens nor the earth can withstand and bear! My Lord! How can I, a weak, insignificant, humble, poor and destitute creature of Thine be able to bear them?

paragraph: O' my God! My Lord! My King! And Master! Which of the matters shall I complain to Thee, and for which of them shall I bewail and weep? Shall I bewail for the pains and pangs of the punishment and their intensity, or for the length of sufferings and their duration?

paragraph: Therefore my Lord! If Thou wilt subject me to the penalties of hell in company of Thy enemies, and cast me with those who merited Thy punishments, and tear me apart from Thy friends and those who will be near to Thee, then my God, my Lord and my Master, though I may patiently bear Thy punishments, how can I calmly accept being kept away from Thee? I reckon that though I may patiently endure the scorching fire of Thy hell, yet how can I resign myself to the denial of Thy pity and clemency? How can I remain in the fire while I have hopes of Thy forgiveness?

paragraph: O' my Lord! By Thy honour truly do I swear that, if Thou wilt allow my power of speech to be retained by me in the hell, I shall among its inmates cry out bewailingly unto Thee like the cry of those who have faith in Thy kindness and compassion. And I shall bemoan for Thee, for being deprived of nearness to Thee, the lamentation of those who are bereaved, and I shall keep on calling unto Thee: 'Where art Thou o' Friend of the believers! O' Thou who art the last hope and resort of those who acknowledge Thee and have faith in Thy clemency and kindness. O' Thou who art the helper of those seeking help! O' Thou who art dear to the hearts of those who truly believe in Thee! And o' Thou who art the Lord of the universe.'

paragraph: My Lord! Glory and praise be to Thee. Wouldst Thou wish to be seen disregarding the voice of a Muslim bondman, incarcerated therein hell for his disobedience, and imprisoned within its pits for his evil doings and misdeeds, crying out to Thee the utterance of one who has faith in Thy mercy, and calling out to Thee in the language of those who believe in Thy unity, and seeking to approach Thee by means of Thy epithet 'the Creator, the Nourisher, the Accomplisher, and the Protector of the entire existence?'

paragraph: My Lord! Then how could he remain in torments when he hopefully relies upon Thy past forbearance, compassion and mercy?

paragraph: And how can the fire cause him suffering when he hopes for Thy grace and mercy? And how can its roaring flames char him when Thou heareth his voice and seeith his plight? And how can he withstand its roaring flames when Thou knowest his frailty? And how can he be tossed about between its layers when Thou knoweth his sincerity? And how can the guards of hell threaten him when he calls out to Thee? 'My Lord', and how would Thou abandon him therein (the hell) when he has faith in Thy grace to set him free?

paragraph: Alas! That is not the concept we hold of Thee, nor has Thy grace such a reputation, nor does it resemble that which Thou hast awarded by Thy kindness and generosity to those who believe in Thy unity. I definitely conclude that hadst Thou not ordained punishment for those who disbelieved in Thee, and hadst Thou not decreed Thy enemies to remain in hell, Thou wouldst have made the hell cold and peaceful and there would never have been an abode or place for any one in it; but sanctified be Thy Names, Thou hast sworn to fill the hell with the disbelievers from among the jinns and mankind together, and to place forever Thy enemies therein. And Thou, exalted be Thy praises, hadst made manifest, out of Thy generosity and kindness, that a believer is not like unto him who is an evil-liver.

paragraph: My Lord! My Master! I, therefore implore Thee by that power which Thou determineth, and by the decree which Thou hast finalised and ordained, whereby Thou hath prevailed upon whom Thou hast imposed it, to bestow upon me this night, and this very hour, the forgiveness for all the transgressions that I have been guilty of, for all the sins that I have committed, for all the loathsome acts that I have kept secret, and for all the evils done by me, secretly or openly, in concealment or outwardly. And for every evil action that Thou hast ordered the two noble scribes to confirm, whom Thou hast appointed to record all my actions, and to be witnesses over me along with the limbs of my body, while Thou observeth over me besides them, and was witness to those acts concealed from them. Which Thou in Thy mercy hast kept secret, and through Thy kindness unexposed, and I pray to Thee to make my share plentiful in all the good that Thou dost bestow; in all the favours that Thou dost grant; and in all the virtues that Thou dost allow to be known everywhere; and in all the sustenance and livelihood that Thou dost expand and in respect of all the sins that Thou dost forgive and the wrongs that Thou dost cover up O' Lord! O' Lord! O' Lord!

paragraph: O' my God! My Lord! My King! O' Master of my freedom! O' Thou who holdeth my destiny, and who art aware of my suffering and poverty,

paragraph: O' Thou who knoweth my destitution and starvation. O' my Lord! O' Lord, O' Lord! I beseech Thee by Thy glory and Thy honour, by Thy supremely high attributes, and by Thy names, to cause me to utilise my time, day and night, in Thy remembrance, by engaging myself in serving Thee (Thy cause), and to let my deeds be such as to be acceptable to Thee. So much so that all my actions and offerings (prayers) may be transformed into one continuous and sustained effort, and my life may take the form of constant and perpetual service to Thee.

paragraph: O' my Master! O' Thou upon Whom I rely! O' Thou unto Whom I express my distress!

paragraph: O' my Lord! My Lord! My Lord! Strengthen my limbs for Thy service, and sustain the strength of my hands to persevere in Thy service. And bestow upon me the eagerness to fear Thee and constantly to serve Thee so that I may lead myself towards Thee in the field with the vanguards who are in the fore rank. And be swift towards Thee among those who hasten towards Thee, and urge eagerly to be near Thee. And draw myself towards Thee like them who sincerely draw themselves towards Thee. And to fear Thee like the fear of those who believe firmly in Thee. And thus I may join the congregation of the faithful congregated near Thee for protection.

paragraph: O' Allah! Whosoever intendeth evil against me, let ill befall him, and frustrate him who plots against me. And assign for me a place in Thy presence with the best of Thy bondsmen, and nearer abode to Thee. For verily that position cannot be attained except through Thy grace. And treat me benevolently, and through Thy greatness extend Thy munificence towards me. And through Thy mercy protect me and cause my tongue to accentuate Thy remembrance, and my heart filled with Thy love. And be liberal to me by Thy gracious response, and cause my evils to appear fewer and forgive me my errors. For verily, Thou hast ordained for Thy bondsmen Thy worship and bidden them to supplicate unto Thee and hast assured them of Thy response.

paragraph: So, my Lord! I look earnestly towards Thee, and towards Thee, my Lord! I have stretched forth my hands. Therefore, by Thy honour, respond to my supplication and let me attain my wishes and, by Thy bounty, frustrate not my hopes, and protect me from the evils of my enemies, from among the jinns and mankind. O' Thou! Who readily pleased, forgive one who owns nothing but supplication for Thou doest what Thou willest.

paragraph: O' Thou! Whose Name is the remedy for all ills, and Whose remembrance is a sure cure for all ailments, and obedience to Whom makes one self sufficient, have mercy on one whose only asset is hope, and whose only armour is lamentation. O' Thou! Who perfecteth all bounties and Who wardeth off all misfortunes!

paragraph: O' Light! Who illuminates those who are in bewilderment! O' Omniscient! Who knoweth without (acquisition of) learning! Bless Mohammed and the Descendants of Mohammed, and do unto me in accordance with that which befitteth Thee. And deal with me not in accordance to my worth. May the blessings of Allah be bestowed upon His Apostle, and the Rightful Imams from his Descendants. And His peace be upon them plentifully.

paragraph: Section::::ِAssassination of Ali and Kumayl's reaction.

paragraph: On the 19th of Ramadan, while praying (Nafil Fajr) in the Great Mosque of Kufa, Imam Ali was attacked by a Khawarij named Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam. He struck Imam Ali with a poison-coated sword while he was prostrating. It is said that Ibn Muljam struck Imam Ali on the same spot where Amr Ibn Abduwud struck him in the Battle of Khandaq. The poison slowly started to affect Imam Ali's body. A few days later, on January 31, 661, (21 Ramadan 40 A.H) Imam Ali died. The news of his martyrdom saddened the hearts of his family, companions, as well as the Muslim Empire. Particularly, Kumayl, who cried after seeing his best friend leave this world. He became very emotional and saddened. Kumayl, himself, says: "When I lost Ali ibn Abi Talib, I lost the secrets of Allah on Earth."

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl disappears from history.

paragraph: There are no historical records of Kumayl during the period between 40 AH (660 CE) to 80 AH. After the martyrdom of Imam Ali, Kumayl suddenly disappeared for 40 years. High scholars have no clue as to where he was during these years. He is not mentioned in any major events, including the Event of Ashura, nor is he mentioned after that event, until 80 AH. However, there is a theory that Kumayl was imprisoned by Governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad (no blood relation of Kumayl), because there are historical records of a person named Kumayl al-Hamadan'i, who was imprisoned by Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad. The title al-Hamadan'i is given to a person from the tribe of Hamadan of Yemen. The Hamadan tribe was one of the four major tribes of Yemen and was closely linked to the Banu Nakha tribe - the tribe that Kumayl ibn Ziyad is from, hence his title al-Nakha'i. The theory is that the historical records might have misspelled, or misinterpreted, or misunderstood, or confused Kumayl's title, so that Kumayl al-Hamadan'i was actually Kumayl al-Nakha'i (Kumayl ibn Ziyad).

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl's reappearance and the revolt against al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi.

paragraph: When Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan took power, he made Hajjaj ibn Yusuf the governor of Kufa. Al-Hajjaj did his best to please Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan by imprisoning protesters, innocent men, and women - mainly Shias. His prison held fifty thousand men and thirty thousand women. These prisons were not ordinary prisons; they were meant to torture individuals. For example, the prisons did not have roofs. Prisoners were subjected to intense sun and heat in summer, and to rain and cold temperatures in winter. To show the prisons' intensity, a mother went to see her young son who had been held as a prisoner for months. The guards led her to her son. Upon seeing her son, she denied him and said "He's not my son. My son is white. This young man is a Negro. I don't know him." But after the son explained to her his markings, the mother was certain and began crying.

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl's reappearance and the revolt against al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi.:Hatred and persecution towards Shias.

paragraph: It is documented that Hajjaj had a particularly strong hatred towards Shias. It is also documented that Hajjaj's first public statement was: "What do people do on Eid al-Adha? A subject replied: People sacrifice lambs." He replied, "Very well then, from now on sacrifice anyone named Ali, Hasan, or Husain." To further show his hatred towards Shias, he also used to say publicly: "I wish I could have been there are Karbala, so I could have been the man who beheaded Husain ibn Ali when he was on the ground."

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl's reappearance and the revolt against al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi.:Kumayl reappears.

paragraph: Kumayl distanced himself from any political/Muslim affairs after the martyrdom of his best friend and teacher, Imam Ali. But when he herd that Hajjaj ibn Yusuf became governor, Kumayl took a stand. At the time Kumayl was either 82 or 83 years old.

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl's reappearance and the revolt against al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi.:The revolt.

paragraph: Moreover, people (not just Shia's) hated him with a passion because he was unjust and wicked. For example, he wanted them to fight in war only to see them die, conquer land only to ransack them of their treasures, and he killed innocent people. They were tired of him ruling with an iron fist. This can be most famously seen in The Revolt of Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath.

paragraph: Hajjaj forced people to fight in war for his own personal benefit. One of these wars occurred in Turkey against the Turkish king Ratbil. He had sent Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath to conquer Turkey. He won several battles against the Turks, thus allowing him to advance deeper into Turkey. Despite winning these battles, Abd al-Rahman noticed that his soldiers were tired of war and needed a break to boost their morale. He sent a letter of Hajjaj asking permission for a resting period. Despite the circumstances, Hajjaj cursed and ordered Abd al-Rahman and his army to continue fighting. Hajjaj's letter stated: "Very well, curse be on you and curse be on your soldiers." Upon reading the letter they became infuriated and decided to revolt against both Hajjaj and Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. Abd al-Rahman replied to Hajjaj, "a man like you doesn't speak to me like this". Subsequently, when Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan heard this news, he told Abd al-Rahman "very well, I will remove Hajjaj and I will ensure that he does not stay in power". Abd al-Rahman replied "well you are the one that installed Hajjaj, therefore we will fight you".

paragraph: As a result, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan reinstated Hajjaj as governor of Kufa. With the intention to overthrow the government, Abd al-Rahman left Turkey and immediately gain a great deal of support, especially among the "quras" (Quran readers/reciters/teachers) who were the first to support him. Therefore, the "quras" formed their own battalion headed by Kumayl ibn Ziyad. Other supporters were, Kufains (who wanted to fight the persecution), poets, commoners, and religious jurists. They formed an army of over one hundred people, half of whom were foreigners who also faced persecution because they were treated as second class citizens by the Umayyads, who preferred Arabs to non-Arabs. Another notable warrior was Sa'id ibn Jubayr, a companion of Ali ibn Husayn. By 81 AH (700 CE), Abd al-Rahman and the rebels stormed Iraq and defeated Hajjaj's army. The downfall of Hajjaj's army freed many cities such as Sajestan, Kirman, and Fars all in Iran, and Basrah and Kufa in Iraq. Following the victory, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan opened his doors to negotiations with Abd al-Rahman and the rebels. He accepted some terms such as removing Hajjaj from power. People rejoiced because of their freedom and victory by overthrowing Hajjaj. Now that they had defeated Hajjaj they felt that they could also remove Abd al-Malik as well. For this reason, Abd al-Malik sent military supplies and support to Hajjaj. In addition, the Khurasan (modern day Iran) army also joined to support Hajjaj.

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl's reappearance and the revolt against al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi.:The battle of al-Jamājum.

paragraph: In 82 AH (701–702 CE), Abd al-Rahman, Kumayl Bin Ziyad, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, and the rebels clashed against Abd al-Malik, Hajjaj, and the Khurasan army in what would become known as the Battle of al-Jamājum (Battle of Deer). It has been said to have been a violent, bloody battle. Unfortunately there little detail about this battle except that Abd al-Malik, Hajjaj, and the Khurasan army managed to defeat the rebels. Some rebels escaped and Abd al-Rahman, Kumail Bin Zyyad, and Sa'id ibn Jubayr avoided being captured. Abd al-Rahman fled back to Turkey. Those who were less fortunate, or who were captured, were executed by command of Hajjaj.

paragraph: Section::::Kumayl's reappearance and the revolt against al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi.:Capture and kill.

paragraph: After the Battle of al-Jamājum, Hajjaj, who was still the governor of Kufa, ordered that all the rebels who escaped from the battle were to be captured and brought back to be punished. The main bounties were placed on Abd al-Rahman, Kumayl Bin Ziyad, and Sa'id ibn Jubayr. Hajjaj was able to capture Sa'id ibn Jubayr. The following is a dialog between Hajjaj and Sa'id ibn Jubayr after he was captured and presented to Hajjaj in his palace.

paragraph: Hajjaj then executed Sa'id ibn Jubayr. After executing him, Hajjaj said the following:

paragraph: It is also mentioned that Hajjaj ordered his forces to annoy/torture Kumayl's followers. For example, they deprived them of money leading to economic worries.

paragraph: Section::::Martyrdom.

paragraph: After hearing the news about the torture of his family members and friends, Kumayl decided the only thing to do was to turn himself in to save them from persecution. He got his walking stick, ready to turn himself in. People around him asked: "Kumayl, these people want you. Why don't you just hide." Kumayl replied, "No, no more. A man who insults my master (referring to Imam Ali) is not a man I hide from. Who dare the insult. He (referring to Hajjaj) says where are the lovers of Abu Turab (Imam Ali). I am a lover of Abu Turab." Nonetheless, Hajjaj's forces brought Kumayl to him at his palace. In the meantime, Kumayl began remembering his past. He remembered the days when he was a soldier in the army of Imam Ali. He remembered the time when he led a small group of 400 soldiers to combat a raid by Mu'awiyah's army. He remembered disobeying Imam Ali (when leaving Hīt) and receiving a letter from Imam Ali. He remembered Imam Ali's words: "Kumayl, order your family to do good. Order them to help people at night." When presented to Hajjaj, Kumayl saw a headsman carrying a sword with guards (who surrounded Hajjaj). Kumayl knew that death was certain. But, before his death Hajjaj and Kumayl engaged in the following dialog.

paragraph: Since Kumayl took a hardline stance over his love of Imam Ali, Hajjaj ordered the headsman to behead Kumayl. He was martyred at the age of 84 years.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Kumayl ibn Ziyad is held up as one of the greatest companions by many Muslims around the world. He left a great legacy with his words of wisdom, du'as (that he wrote down/preserved), his love for Imam Ali, his stance against oppression, corrupt rulers and martyrdom. His life highlighted that one should be disciplined, firm, have faith in Allah (God), and sacrifice to keep the message of Allah (God) alive. "On Thursday nights, sweet words fly high in the sky full of stars. The words remind people of that great martyr whose name is connected with the supplication. His legacy will remain forever."

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Shia.

paragraph: Shias all over the world recognize and honor Kumayl ibn Ziyad for his obedience, discipline, and love for Imam Ali. Furthermore, they revere him as a noble companion who preserved the secrets of the world, teachings of Imam Ali, and several "du'as" including "Du'a Kumayl," which is recited by Shias on Thursday nights. They have a deep love for Kumayl because of his sacrifices for the religion of Islam.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Sunni.

paragraph: Sunnis have mixed views of Kumayl ibn Ziyad. For example, some Sunni Rijal literature does not include Kuyaml's narrations because "he has too much love for Imam Ali". On the other hand, there are Sunni books of "hadiths" (reports) that accept Kumayl and respect him as a companion. Others see Kumayl as good companion of Imam Ali.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Abu Dharr al-Ghifari

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ammar ibn Yasir

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bilal ibn Rabah al-Habashi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Habib ibn Muzahir

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hujr ibn Adi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jabir ibn Abd-Allah

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ja'far ibn Abī Tālib

paragraph: BULLET::::- Malik al-Ashtar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maytham al-Tammar

paragraph: BULLET::::- Miqdad ibn Aswad

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sa'id ibn Jubayr

paragraph: BULLET::::- Salman the Persian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sulaym ibn Qays

paragraph: BULLET::::- Uwais al-Qarani

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.duaekumayl.com (Du'a Kumayl)

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://books.google.com/books?id=DQsseeu3eWEC&pg=PA36&dq=Kumayl+ibn+Ziyad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=utLTUdu8E6aaiAKxi4HgBQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Kumayl%20ibn%20Ziyad&f=false (eBook "Justice and Remembrance: Introducing the Spirituality of Imam Ali" by Reza Shah-Kazemi)

paragraph: BULLET::::- https://books.google.com/books?id=DQsseeu3eWEC&pg=PA248&dq=hadith+al+haqiqa&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gq3UUfuXOqakiQKZ64DIDw&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=hadith%20al%20haqiqa&f=false (eBook "Justice and Remembrance: Introducing the Spirituality of Imam Ali" by Reza Shah-Kazemi part 2)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.al-islam.org/ashura/2.htm (eBook "A Probe Into the History of Ashura" by Dr. Ibrahim Ayati)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.al-islam.org/gallery/kids/Books/companion13/ (eBook "Kumayl ibn Ziyad" by Kamal al-Syyed)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.duas.org/kumayl.htm (Du'a Kumayl)

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.duas.org/sabah.htm (Du'a Sabah)

description: Sahaba of Muhammad

wikidata_label: Kumayl ibn Ziyad

wikipedia_title: Kumayl ibn Ziyad


text:
Palu
Piran
Kurdî Zazaki
Kurdî Kurmancî
Hınıs
Amed
Zaza Kurd
Sunni order
Sheikh Said Rebellion
Bismil
Dicle
Diyarbakır Province
Hınıs
Erzurum
Naqshbandi
Sufism
Abdülmelik Fırat
Belçim Bilgin

categories: 20th-century executions by Turkey,Executed Turkish people,Sheikh Said rebellion,People executed for treason against Turkey,People from Hınıs,People executed by Turkey by hanging,Kurdish nationalists,20th-century executions for treason,Turkish Sunni Muslims,1865 births,1925 deaths

paragraph: Sheikh Said

paragraph: Sheikh Said of Palu or Piran (Kurdî Zazaki: "Şêx Seîdê Pîranij", Kurdî Kurmancî: "Şêx Seîdê Pîranî") (1865 in Hınıs – June 29, 1925 in Amed) was a Zaza Kurd sheikh of the Sunni order and one of the leaders of kurdish rebellion, also known as the Sheikh Said Rebellion.

paragraph: He was originally from Bismil, Çılsütun, but his family moved to today's Dicle district of Diyarbakır Province later moved to Hınıs, Erzurum. He was a revered sheikh of the Naqshbandi school of Sufism.

paragraph: He was captured in mid-April 1925 and hanged with most of the other rebel leaders after being tricked by Turkish troops, commanded by Ali Riza Artunkal.

paragraph: His grandson, Abdülmelik Fırat, was a member of parliament. Fırat says that his ancestors were not involved in politics until his grandfather, for they had cordial relations with the Ottoman elite.

paragraph: Belçim Bilgin an actress is his grand daughter.

description: Kurdish Sheikh known for the Sheikh Said Rebellion

wikidata_label: Sheikh Said

wikipedia_title: Sheikh Said


text:
child actor
Little House on the Prairie
Charlie's Angels
Soap
In the Beginning
Walt Disney
Child of Glass
Repo Man
Tuff Turf
Patty Hearst
Floundering
Miami, Florida
New York City
Angela Lansbury
New York Critic's Circle Award
Palisades High School
Pacific Palisades, California
Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman
In the Beginning
nun
Baltimore
CBS
Walt Disney
Child of Glass
Repo Man
James Spader
Kim Richards
Tuff Turf
Fame
Paul Schrader
Patty Hearst
The Viper Room

categories: Actresses from New York City,20th-century American actresses,American television actresses,Actresses from Miami,American film actresses,American child actresses,1965 births,Living people

paragraph: Olivia Barash

paragraph: Olivia Barash (born January 11, 1965) is an American actress. She began her career as a child actor, appearing in television series such as "Little House on the Prairie", "Charlie's Angels", and "Soap". She subsequently had a lead role on the short-lived sitcom "In the Beginning", which originally aired in 1978. She also had a lead role in the Walt Disney television film "Child of Glass" (1978). As a young adult, Barash established herself in supporting film roles in "Repo Man" (1984), "Tuff Turf" (1985), "Patty Hearst" (1988), and "Floundering" (1994).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and performances.

paragraph: Barash was born January 11, 1965 in Miami, Florida. Barash was raised in New York City, began acting professionally at age 11. During her early years of acting, singing and dancing in classic musicals on stage in New York, Olivia starred as "Baby June" in "Gypsy" with Angela Lansbury. She was the first child actor to win the acclaimed New York Critic's Circle Award. Moving to Hollywood as a teen with her family, she attended Palisades High School in Pacific Palisades, California and graduated in 1982.

paragraph: Barash appeared as a guest in two episodes of "Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman" in 1977, and in 1978, was cast in a main role on the sitcom "In the Beginning", which followed a conservative Catholic priest and liberal, socially-conscious nun who run a mission in Baltimore; the series ran only five episodes on CBS, though a total of nine were filmed before the series was canceled. The same year, she starred in the Walt Disney television film "Child of Glass", in which she portrayed the ghost of a young girl murdered during the Antebellum era.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later career.

paragraph: In 1984, Barash appeared in "Repo Man", in which she had a supporting role playing a cultist. The following year, she appeared opposite James Spader and Kim Richards in the teen drama "Tuff Turf" (1985). In 1987, Barash had a main supporting role in the television series "Fame", playing Maxie Sharp. In 1988, she had a supporting role in Paul Schrader's biopic "Patty Hearst".

paragraph: In 2013, she revealed plans to direct and produce "Fallout Entertainment: Friends Of The Viper Room". This project was inspired by her accounts and experiences while working at the Los Angeles club "The Viper Room" back in its heyday in the mid 1990s.

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Olivia Barash

wikipedia_title: Olivia Barash


text: American

text: prelate

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Archbishop of St. Louis

text: cardinal

text: Bishop of Lafayette in Indiana

text: Bishop of Columbus

text: Brooklyn

text: New York

text: clerk

text: Kings County

text: Court

text: parochial school

text: St. Boniface Church

text: Cathedral College

text: baseball

text: violin

text: priesthood

text: Rome

text: Pontifical North American College

text: doctorate in philosophy

text: doctorate in theology

text: Pontifical Urbaniana University

text: ordained

text: Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani

text: curate

text: St. Peter's Church

text: Glen Cove

text: Catholic University of America

text: Washington, D.C.

text: doctorate in canon law

text: St. Patrick's Church

text: Huntington

text: Diocese of Trenton

text: New Jersey

text: Moses E. Kiley

text: chancellor

text: Trenton

text: St. Dominic High School

text: Oyster Bay

text: canon law

text: Immaculate Conception Seminary

text: official

text: Diocese of Brooklyn

text: papal chamberlain

text: domestic prelate

text: Canon Law Society of America

text: coadjutor bishop

text: Diocese of Lafayette

text: Indiana

text: titular bishop

text: Elis

text: Pope Pius XII

text: episcopal

text: consecration

text: Raymond Augustine Kearney

text: George W. Ahr

text: John Benjamin Grellinger

text: co-consecrators

text: Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church

text: motto

text: Latin

text: Mary

text: Cathedral of St. Mary

text: John George Bennett

text: Bishop of Lafayette

text: synod

text: Second Vatican Council

text: Dignitatis humanae

text: religious liberty

text: Bishop of Columbus

text: Ohio

text: Pope Paul VI

text: Civil Rights Movement

text: ecumenical movement

text: Francis Spellman

text: Military Ordinariate

text: West Virginia

text: Kentucky

text: Tennessee

text: Mississippi

text: Alabama

text: National Conference of Catholic Bishops

text: Archbishop of St. Louis

text: Missouri

text: Cathedral of St. Louis

text: conservative

text: Joseph Ritter

text: Humanae vitae

text: Pro-Life

text: Cardinal Priest

text: consistory

text: Saint Louis University

text: Creve Coeur

text: communion

text: Hosts

text: Black Mass

text: deacon

text: cardinal electors

text: conclaves

text: August

text: October 1978

text: Popes John Paul I

text: John Paul II

text: liberal

text: Jean Jadot

text: Apostolic Delegate to the United States

text: Maude

text: vasectomy

text: John L. May

text: Bishop of Mobile

text: stroke

text: Kirkwood

categories: Roman Catholic bishops of Columbus,Pontifical Urbaniana University alumni,1998 deaths,Clergy from St. Louis,Patronal Medal winners,People from Lafayette, Indiana,Catholic University of America alumni,Burials at the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis,People from Brooklyn,1904 births,Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,People from Columbus, Ohio,Participants in the Second Vatican Council,American cardinals,Archbishops of St. Louis,Roman Catholic bishops of Lafayette in Indiana

paragraph: John Carberry

paragraph: John Joseph Cardinal Carberry (July 31, 1904 – June 17, 1998) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of St. Louis from 1968 to 1979, and was created a cardinal in 1969. He previously served as Bishop of Lafayette in Indiana (1957–65) and Bishop of Columbus (1965–68).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and education.

paragraph: John Carberry was born in Brooklyn, New York, the youngest of ten children of James Joseph and Mary Elizabeth (née O'Keefe) Carberry. His father worked as a clerk at Kings County Court. He received his early education at the parochial school of St. Boniface Church in his native city. In 1919, at age 15, he enrolled at Cathedral College. He there excelled in both baseball and the violin.

paragraph: From 1924 to 1930, Carberry studied for the priesthood in Rome, where he resided at the Pontifical North American College. He earned a doctorate in philosophy (1929) and a doctorate in theology (1930) from the Pontifical Urbaniana University.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Ordination and ministry.

paragraph: On June 28, 1929, Carberry was ordained a priest by Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani in Rome. Following his return to New York, he was assigned as a curate at St. Peter's Church in Glen Cove, where he remained for one year. He continued his studies at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., where he received a doctorate in canon law in 1934. He then served as a curate at St. Patrick's Church in Huntington for one year.

paragraph: From 1935 to 1940, Carberry was on loan to the Diocese of Trenton in New Jersey, serving as secretary to Bishop Moses E. Kiley and assistant chancellor of the diocese. He also taught at Cathedral High School in Trenton from 1939 to 1940. Returning to New York, he taught at St. Dominic High School in Oyster Bay before serving as professor of canon law at Immaculate Conception Seminary in Huntington from 1941 to 1945.

paragraph: Carberry was an "officialis" of the Diocese of Brooklyn from 1945 to 1956, serving as chief judge of the diocesan court. He also served as diocesan director for radio and television, becoming known as the "radio priest." He was named a papal chamberlain on February 3, 1948, and raised to the rank of domestic prelate on May 7, 1954. From 1955 to 1956, he was president of the Canon Law Society of America.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Lafayette in Indiana.

paragraph: On May 3, 1956, Carberry was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette, Indiana, and titular bishop of "Elis" by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following July 25 from Bishop Raymond Augustine Kearney, with Bishops George W. Ahr and John Benjamin Grellinger serving as co-consecrators, at the Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church. He selected as his episcopal motto: "Maria, Regina Mater" (Latin: "Mary, Queen and Mother"). His installation took place at the Cathedral of St. Mary on August 22 of that year.

paragraph: Upon the death of Bishop John George Bennett, Carberry succeeded him as the second Bishop of Lafayette on November 20, 1957. He convened the first diocesan synod and established the Diocesan Council of Men and the Society for Priestly Vocations during his tenure. He attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council between 1962 and 1965. During its third session, he addressed the Council on "Dignitatis humanae", the declaration on religious liberty.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop of Columbus, Ohio.

paragraph: Carberry was appointed the seventh Bishop of Columbus, Ohio, by Pope Paul VI on January 16, 1965. He was installed at St. Joseph's Cathedral on the following March 25. During his tenure in Columbus, he implemented the reforms of the Second Vatican Council and supported the Civil Rights Movement and ecumenical movement. He established the Clergy Advisory Council, and oversaw the renovation of St. Joseph's Cathedral after issuing regulations for liturgical changes. He also bought a new building to centralize the offices of the diocesan chancery. In 1966, he was named by Cardinal Francis Spellman as vicar delegate of the Military Ordinariate for Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama.

paragraph: As a member of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, Carberry served as chairman of the Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs from 1965 to 1969. He helped found the Inter-Church Board for Metropolitan Affairs, the first organization in the United States uniting Protestants and Catholics for ecumenism and social action. In January 1968, he became the first Catholic bishop to receive the Ohio Council of Churches' annual "Pastor of Pastors" award.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Archbishop of St. Louis.

paragraph: On February 14, 1968, Carberry was appointed the fifth Archbishop of St. Louis, Missouri. His installation took place at the Cathedral of St. Louis on March 25 of that year. Carberry was considered more theologically conservative than his predecessor, Cardinal Joseph Ritter. One publication even described him as being "threatened by a world he does not understand." He strongly defended "Humanae vitae", and created the Archdiocesan Pro-Life Commission. Paul VI created him Cardinal Priest of "S. Giovanni Battista de Rossi a via Latina" in the consistory of April 28, 1969. In 1969 he removed about 60 of his seminarians from a class at the Saint Louis University Divinity School, in objection to their being taught Pauls' epistles by the Presbyterian scholar Keith Nickle.

paragraph: In 1971 he made a controversial decision to close McBride High school in largely black, North St. Louis, while subsidizing a swimming pool at Kennedy High School in a wealthy suburb; the Kennedy High School closed in 2017 for lack of enrollment. Carberry moved his own residence from the episcopal residence in town to suburban Creve Coeur. In 1972, Carberry established the Urban Services Apostolate for inner-city parishes in the archdiocese. He was elected vice-president of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops in 1974, and was a delegate to the World Synod of Bishops in 1972, 1974 and 1976. Carberry initially opposed the reception of communion by hand, believing it was irreverent and risked the possibility of stealing Hosts to use at Black Masses. However, he later permitted this practice in St. Louis in 1977. That same year, he ordained the first permanent deacons in the archdiocese.

paragraph: He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II, respectively. Carberry helped lead an internal campaign against the liberal Archbishop Jean Jadot, the Apostolic Delegate to the United States, whom he perceived as "destroying the Catholic Church in the United States." He was a vocal critic of the television sitcom "Maude", which he said "injected CBS-TV as advocate of a moral and political position that many not only oppose but find positively offensive as immoral. ...The decision to secure an abortion or the decision to have a vasectomy, even for those who choose them, is hardly a joke."

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Later life and death.

paragraph: Upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75, Carberry resigned as Archbishop of St. Louis on July 31, 1979. He was succeeded by Bishop John L. May, then serving as Bishop of Mobile. After suffering a stroke in 1988, he moved into St. Agnes Home in Kirkwood, where he died at age 93. He is buried in the crypt of the Cathedral of St. Louis.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Lafayette, Indiana Official website

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: John Carberry

wikipedia_title: John Carberry


text:
sound
installation art
Royal College of Art
Sydney Opera House
Walton-on-Thames

categories: English composers,Sound artists,1970 births,Alumni of the Royal College of Art,Living people,English people of Polish descent

paragraph: Janek Schaefer

paragraph: Janek Schaefer is a London-based sound artist, composer and entertainer. He is known for his work with sound and installation art.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Schaefer was born in 1970 in England to Polish and Canadian parents.

paragraph: While studying architecture at the Royal College of Art, Schaefer recorded the fragmented noises of a sound activated dictaphone travelling overnight through the Post Office. That work, titled 'Recorded Delivery' 1995 was made for the 'Self Storage' exhibition Time Out critics choice with one time postman Brian Eno and Artangel. The 'Tri-phonic Turntable' (1997) is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the 'World's Most Versatile Record Player'. He has performed, lectured and exhibited widely throughout Europe Sonar, Tate Modern, ICA, USA/Canada, The Walker, XI, Mutek, Princeton, Japan, and the Sydney Opera House.

paragraph: His CD "Above Buildings" (2000) was released on Fat Cat. He has played in duos and released albums with Philip Jeck (Songs for Europe CD), Robert Hampson (Comae CD), Stephan Mathieu (Hidden Name CD) and Charlemagne Palestine (Day of the Demons LP). He lives and works at the audiOh! Room in Walton-on-Thames in Surrey, with his wife and two children.

paragraph: He is Visiting Professor at the Sonic Art Research Unit (Oxford Brookes University).

paragraph: In 2009/10 the Bluecoat gallery in Liverpool mounted a retrospective exhibition of his 20-year career to date.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: In 2008, Schaefer won The British Composer of The Year Award for Sonic Art for his project Extended Play "Triptych for the child survivors of war and conflict". The same year he won The Paul Hamlyn Award for Composers Prize. He was the 'McKnight Composer in Residence' for the American Composers Forum, USA 2002/3. In 2004 his Random Playing LP called 'Skate' received the 'Award of Distinction' at the Prix Ars Electronica, Austria.

paragraph: Section::::Releases.

paragraph: Schaefer has released 34 albums, and runs his own label audiOh! Recordings.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Artists website: http://www.janekschaefer.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Music & Art live Archive: http://www.audioh.com/

description: British composer

wikidata_label: Janek Schaefer

wikipedia_title: Janek Schaefer


text: Rawicz Coat of Arms

text: Cossack

text: noble

text: Podlachia

text: Registered Cossacks

text: Hetman

text: Ukraine

text: Ruthenian nobility

text: Kosiński Uprising

text: Janusz Ostrogski

text: Battle of Piątek

text: Zaporizhia

text: Cherkasy

text: Severyn Nalyvaiko

categories: 1593 deaths,Cossack rebels,Polish Cossacks,Seniors of Registered Cossacks,1545 births,Ruthenian nobility of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

paragraph: Krzysztof Kosiński

paragraph: Krzysztof Kosiński, also Kryshtof Kosynsky of Rawicz Coat of Arms (, "Kryshtof Kosynsky"; ; 1545–1593) was a Cossack noble from the Podlachia region. He was a colonel of the Registered Cossacks and self-proclaimed Hetman of Ukraine. He led two consecutive rebellions against local Ruthenian nobility, known as the Kosiński Uprising.

paragraph: His forces were first defeated by Duke Janusz Ostrogski in the Battle of Piątek on 2 February 1593. Kosiński promised to subject his forces to the Polish Monarchy; however, he soon escaped to Zaporizhia, where he began organizing a new army. In 1593 he set out for Cherkasy but was soon killed.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Severyn Nalyvaiko

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kosynsky, Kryshtof in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 2 (1989).

description: Polish noble

wikidata_label: Krzysztof Kosiński

wikipedia_title: Krzysztof Kosiński


text:
MC
PC
DL
Scottish
Conservative
Unionist
Quetta
British India
Pakistan
Rockport School
Wellington College
Second World War
Royal Artillery
Military Cross
Foreign Office
New York
Vienna
Member of Parliament
constituency
Moray and Nairn
Winnie Ewing
Scottish National Party
Lord Commissioner of the Treasury
Under-Secretary of State for Scotland
Secretary of State for Scotland
Edward Heath
Common Fisheries Policy
Shetland
life peer
Nairn
Geoffrey Spencer Madan

categories: Secretaries of State for Scotland,UK MPs 1966–1970,People from Lossiemouth,People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies,UK MPs 1959–1964,2005 deaths,Unionist Party (Scotland) MPs,Scottish Conservative Party MPs,Royal Artillery officers,Politics of Moray,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Conservative Party (UK) life peers,1921 births,UK MPs 1970–1974,UK MPs 1964–1966,British Army personnel of World War II,Deputy Lieutenants in Scotland

paragraph: Gordon Campbell, Baron Campbell of Croy

paragraph: Gordon Thomas Calthrop Campbell, Baron Campbell of Croy, MC, PC, DL (8 June 1921 – 26 April 2005) was a Scottish Conservative & Unionist politician.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life and career.

paragraph: Campbell was born in Quetta, British India (now in Pakistan), the son of Major General James Alexander Campbell and was educated at Rockport School in Holywood, County Down, then at Wellington College before joining the Royal Artillery in 1939. He fought in the Second World War with the Royal Artillery from 1940, winning the Military Cross and Bar. Invalided out in 1947 with the honorary rank of major, he served the Foreign Office in New York and Vienna until 1957.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:House of Commons.

paragraph: Elected to parliament in 1959, he served as Member of Parliament for the constituency of Moray and Nairn until February 1974 when he was defeated by Winnie Ewing of the Scottish National Party. He served as a Government Whip, 1961–62; Lord Commissioner of the Treasury and Scottish Whip, 1962–63; Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland, 1963-64. He was Opposition Spokesman on Defence, 1967–68 and a member of the Shadow Cabinet, 1969-70.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Secretary of State for Scotland.

paragraph: He was Secretary of State for Scotland during the whole of Edward Heath's government. During his term in office the issues of fishing and oil led to him losing his Moray coastal seat to the SNP. Government papers released under the 30 year rule reveal an attitude that may explain that loss. Papers from 1970 revealed how the Scottish Office was prepared to have a "weaker and less efficient national fleet" to enable the UK to sign up to the controversial Common Fisheries Policy. On oil in 1972 Campbell was against any move to pump oil revenues directly into the Scottish economy despite Heath asking government departments to explore such an arrangements to help revive Scotland's economy with "its own resources". Further papers from 1974 revealed how he proposed "exceptional measures" to force Shetland Islands Council to accept an oil terminal without financial benefit to the islands.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:House of Lords.

paragraph: After leaving the Commons, he was made a life peer as Baron Campbell of Croy, of Croy in the County of Nairn in 1975. He became Chairman of the Scottish Board in 1976, and was Vice President of the Advisory Committee on Pollution at Sea from 1976 to 1984. He married Nicola Madan, daughter of Geoffrey Spencer Madan and his wife Marjorie Noble, and had three children.

paragraph: Section::::Footnotes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Torrance, David, "The Scottish Secretaries" (Birlinn 2006)

description: Scottish politician

wikidata_label: Gordon Campbell, Baron Campbell of Croy

wikipedia_title: Gordon Campbell, Baron Campbell of Croy


text: footballer

text: defensive midfielder

text: Al-Faisaly FC

text: Saudi Professional League

text: Netherlands

text: Curaçao

text: Heerhugowaard

text: North Holland

text: AZ

text: AFC Ajax

text: Ajax Academy

text: 2010–11 season

text: Martin Jol

text: Eredivisie

text: Vitesse

text: Amsterdam ArenA

text: KNVB Cup

text: MVV Maastricht

text: Martin Jol

text: NAC Breda

text: NAC Breda

text: Eredivisie

text: Ajax

text: Ajax

text: Martin Jol

text: Roda JC Kerkrade

text: Limburg

text: Wellington Phoenix

text: A-League

text: Western Sydney Wanderers

text: A-League

text: Al-Faisaly

text: Western Sydney Wanderers

text: Dutch squad

text: U-17 Oranje

text: Netherlands U-19

text: Cyprus

text: Czech Republic

text: Malta

text: Curaçao

text: friendly

text: Trinidad and Tobago

text: 2018 World Cup qualifiers

text: Cuba

text: 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup

text: India

text: Ajax

text: Eredivisie

text: Curaçao

text: King’s Cup

text: PFA A-League Team of the Season

text: List of foreign A-League players

text: List of Wellington Phoenix FC players

text: Voetbal International profile

categories: Expatriate association footballers in New Zealand,Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Australia,Curaçao expatriate footballers,NAC Breda players,Wellington Phoenix FC players,1991 births,Dutch people of Curaçao descent,Curaçao international footballers,Dutch expatriate sportspeople in New Zealand,Dutch expatriate footballers,A-League players,Expatriate footballers in Saudi Arabia,Al-Faisaly FC players,Dutch footballers,Eredivisie players,People from Lelystad,Western Sydney Wanderers FC players,Expatriate soccer players in Australia,Saudi Professional League players,AFC Ajax players,Association football midfielders,Living people,Curaçao footballers,Sportspeople from Flevoland,Roda JC Kerkrade players

paragraph: Roly Bonevacia

paragraph: Rolieny Nonato Luis Bonevacia (born 8 October 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as an defensive midfielder for Al-Faisaly FC in the Saudi Professional League. He has played international football at youth level for the Netherlands, while at senior level he represents Curaçao, making his first official appearance for them in June 2019.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Bonevacia was born in Lelystad and started playing football with VV Reiger Boys in Heerhugowaard, North Holland. Different professional clubs were interested in signing the youngster, including AZ and AFC Ajax, for whom he finally signed his first youth contract in the summer of 2001. Until 2010, Bonevacia played in the Ajax Academy, first as a central defender and later as a defensive midfielder. In July 2008, Bonevacia signed his first professional contract for Ajax, a three-year deal until 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Ajax.

paragraph: At the beginning of the 2010–11 season, Bonevacia was added to Ajax's senior squad by manager Martin Jol. He made his Eredivisie debut in the starting line-up on 14 August 2010 in a 4–2 victory over Vitesse at the Amsterdam ArenA. His second appearance came on 22 September 2010 in the KNVB Cup where he started and played the full 90 minutes in the 5–0 win against MVV Maastricht at home.

paragraph: Bonevacia made no further appearances for the first team following the resignation of Martin Jol, and was loaned out to NAC Breda the following season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:NAC Breda.

paragraph: In the summer of 2011, Bonevacia was sent on loan to NAC Breda until the end of the season. He played 17 matches in the Eredivisie. At the end of the 2011–12 season, he returned to Ajax, where he attempted to earn a regular place in the first team.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Roda JC Kerkrade.

paragraph: After only making two regular season appearances for Ajax under then coach Martin Jol and making no further appearances during the 2012–13 season, except in pre-season in friendly encounters, Bonevacia was sent on loan to Roda JC Kerkrade until the end of the 2012–13 season. Following his loan spell, Roly Bonevacia signed a two-year contract with Roda JC, binding him to the club from Limburg until the summer of 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Wellington Phoenix.

paragraph: On 25 July 2014 Bonevacia signed for New Zealand club Wellington Phoenix in the A-League on a 2-year deal. He re-signed with the Wellington Phoenix until 2016–17 claiming he wouldn't consider leaving until he has won the A-league.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Western Sydney Wanderers.

paragraph: On 16 May 2017 Bonevacia signed for Australia club Western Sydney Wanderers who also play in the A-League on a 2-year deal, leaving Wellington Phoenix before he won the A-league.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Al-Faisaly FC.

paragraph: On 12 May 2019, Al-Faisaly has signed Bonevacia for one seasons from Western Sydney Wanderers.

paragraph: Section::::International.

paragraph: Section::::International.:Netherlands youth teams.

paragraph: Bonevacia was a member of the Dutch squad at the 2008 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, having also represented the U-17 Oranje in the qualification rounds for the tournament.

paragraph: Since 2009, Bonevacia has represented the Netherlands U-19 team in the qualification rounds for the 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. He made his debut for the team in a match against Cyprus, and also played in qualification matches against the Czech Republic and Malta.

paragraph: Section::::International.:Curaçao.

paragraph: In April 2015, Bonevacia expressed a desire to potentially represent Curaçao, the country of his parents' birth. In June 2015, Bonevacia was named to the national squad for a friendly against Trinidad and Tobago and 2018 World Cup qualifiers against Cuba. However, Bonevacia did not appear in any of the three matches, and only joined for an unofficial friendly against Suriname in Almere. He was named to the Curaçao preliminary squad for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup in May 2019. On 5 June 2019, he made his official debut for the team against India. He scored on his debut in a 3–1 victory.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: Ajax

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eredivisie: 2010–11

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:International.

paragraph: Curaçao

paragraph: BULLET::::- King’s Cup: 2019

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- PFA A-League Team of the Season: 2015-16

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of foreign A-League players

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Wellington Phoenix FC players

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voetbal International profile

description: Dutch association football player

wikidata_label: Roly Bonevacia

wikipedia_title: Roly Bonevacia


text: bishop

text: Catholic Church

text: United States

text: Diocese of Grand Island

text: Nebraska

text: Creighton, Nebraska

text: University of St. Thomas

text: St. Paul, Minnesota

text: Pontifical Gregorian University

text: Pontifical Atheneum of St. Anselm

text: Rome, Italy

text: Archdiocese of Omaha

text: West Point, Nebraska

text: Omaha

text: pastor

text: Pontifical North American College

text: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Chaplain of His Holiness

text: Monsignor

text: Pope Francis

text: Grand Island, Nebraska

text: George Lucas

text: Lee Piché

text: St. Paul and Minneapolis

text: Robert Gruss

text: Rapid City

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

text: Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Island

categories: University of St. Thomas (Minnesota) alumni,Clergy from Omaha, Nebraska,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha,American Roman Catholic bishops,1958 births,Pontifical North American College alumni,21st-century Roman Catholic bishops,Roman Catholic bishops of Grand Island,Pontifical Gregorian University alumni,Living people,People from Creighton, Nebraska

paragraph: Joseph G. Hanefeldt

paragraph: Joseph Gerard Hanefeldt (born April 25, 1958) is a bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States. He has been bishop of the Diocese of Grand Island in the state of Nebraska since 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and education.

paragraph: Joseph Gerard Hanefeldt was born in Creighton, Nebraska. He began his studies for the priesthood at St. John Vianney College Seminary at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota. He did his theological studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University and studied sacramental theology at the Pontifical Atheneum of St. Anselm both in Rome, Italy. He was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Omaha on July 14, 1984.

paragraph: Section::::Priesthood.

paragraph: After ordination Hanefeldt served as a curate at St. Mary's Parish in West Point, Nebraska from 1984 to 1988, and St. Joan of Arc Parish in Omaha from 1988 to 1992. Concurrent with his parish assignments he served as director of the diocesan Pro-Life Office from 1991 to 2005. Hanefeldt became the pastor of St. Joseph Parish in Omaha in 1992 and served there until 1995. At the same time he served as the moderator of the Diocesan Council of Catholic Women. He then became pastor of St. Elizabeth Seton Parish in Omaha in 1995 and served in that position until 2007. From 2007 to 2012 he served on the staff of the Pontifical North American College in Rome. For the first two years Hanefeldt was a spiritual director and from 2009 to 2012 he was the director of the spiritual formation program. Pope Benedict XVI named him a Chaplain of His Holiness, with the title Monsignor, in December 2010. He returned to Omaha in 2012 and served as pastor of Christ the King Parish until 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop of Grand Island.

paragraph: Hanefeldt was named the eighth bishop of Grand Island by Pope Francis on January 14, 2015. His episcopal ordination took place on March 19, 2015 at the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Grand Island, Nebraska. He was ordained by Archbishop George Lucas of Omaha. Auxiliary Bishop Lee Piché of St. Paul and Minneapolis and Bishop Robert Gruss of Rapid City were the co-consecrators.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Island

description: Eighth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Island.

wikidata_label: Joseph G. Hanefeldt

wikipedia_title: Joseph G. Hanefeldt


text: Phillips Memorial Gallery

text: figure subjects

text: portrait

text: landscapes

text: watercolor

text: oil

text: Americas

text: Europe

text: grotesques

text: Metropolitan Museum of Art

text: The Phillips Collection

text: Provincetown Art Association and Museum

text: Cape Cod Museum of Art

text: Corcoran College of Art and Design

text: Massachusetts Normal Art School

text: Paris

text: André Lhote

text: Falls Church, Virginia

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Duncan Phillips

text: Phillips Memorial Gallery

text: John Marin

text: Harold Weston

text: Cambridge

text: Paris

text: Ontario

text: Miss Porter's School

text: woodblock printing

text: silkscreen

text: ceramic

text: glass

text: Brewster, Massachusetts

text: Brewster, Massachusetts

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Phillips Memorial Gallery

text: Washington, D.C.

text: Phillips Memorial Gallery

text: New York

text: Delphic Studios

text: New York

text: Galerie St. Etienne

text: Washington, D.C.

text: New York

text: Galerie St. Etienne

text: Ontario

text: New York

text: Barnstable, Massachusetts

text: Buffalo, New York

text: Dennis, MA

text: Cape Cod Museum of Art

text: Provincetown, Massachusetts

text: Julie Heller Gallery

text: Santa Barbara, California

text: Santa Barbara, California

text: Biography, Sullivan Goss Gallery

categories: 1907 births,Modern artists,American artists

paragraph: Betty Lane

paragraph: Betty Lane (1907 – 1996) was an American artist.

paragraph: Lane's first exhibition was at the Phillips Memorial Gallery in 1931. Lane created figure subjects, portraits, and landscapes executed in watercolor and oil. Her work includes nature and street scenes in the Americas and Europe, domestic scenes, and grotesques.

paragraph: Lane's work is included in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Phillips Collection, the Provincetown Art Association and Museum, and the Cape Cod Museum of Art.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Born in Washington, D.C. on 30 Sept 1907, Betty (born Elizabeth Thoburn) Lane was the youngest of six children born to a Marine officer, Rufus Herman Lane and Gertrude Eleanor Mills. Lane began painting in watercolor around age 9. After high school Lane enrolled at the Corcoran College of Art and Design. Unhappy at Corcoran, she transferred to the Massachusetts Normal Art School.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In 1928 Lane traveled to Paris and studied with André Lhote. In 1929 Lane returned to the United States, living in Falls Church, Virginia and Washington, D.C. It was during this period that Lane's work came to the attention of Duncan Phillips. In April 1931 Lane was part of an exhibition at the Phillips Memorial Gallery with John Marin and Harold Weston.

paragraph: Between 1930 and 1939 Lane lived in Cambridge, England and Paris, France. From 1939 to 1946 Lane was living in Ontario, Canada.

paragraph: In 1946 Lane moved to the United States, teaching at Miss Porter's School from 1952 until 1965. During this time Lane began making works in woodblock printing, silkscreen, ceramics, and glass.

paragraph: After 1960 Lane lived in Brewster, Massachusetts, visiting Greece, Mexico, the Soviet Union, and Australia. Lane died in Brewster, Massachusetts in 1996.

paragraph: In 1977, Lane became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP). WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.

paragraph: Section::::Exhibitions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 Washington, D.C. Phillips Memorial Gallery. “April Exhibitions at the Phillips Memorial Gallery. John Marin, Harold Weston, Betty Lane.”

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1931 Washington, D.C. Phillips Memorial Gallery. "Watercolors by Betty Lane 1931 (The Washington Room)."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1932 New York. Delphic Studios.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1941 New York. Galerie St. Etienne.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 Washington, D.C.. Whyte Gallery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1944 New York. Galerie St. Etienne.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1945 Ontario. Ontario Society of Artists.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 New York. 44th Street Gallery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1948 Barnstable, Massachusetts. Cape Cod Art Association.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1958 Buffalo, New York. Carl Bredemeier Gallery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Dennis, MA. Cape Cod Museum of Art. "Betty Lane: Painting a Life."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1999 Provincetown, Massachusetts. Julie Heller Gallery.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 Santa Barbara, California. Sullivan Goss. "Betty Lane: The Road Less Taken."

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Santa Barbara, California. Sullivan Goss.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography, Sullivan Goss Gallery

description: American painter

wikidata_label: Betty Lane

wikipedia_title: Betty Lane


text: water polo

text: Galatasaray Swimming

text: Galatasaray Water Polo Team

text: Turkish Water Polo Federation

text: METU

text: Antalyaspor

text: Galatasaray

text: Budapest

text: Manisa

text: Results 35FINAL.pdf

categories: 1972 births,Living people,People from Istanbul,Turkish male water polo players,Turkish civil engineers

paragraph: Turgut Kabaca

paragraph: Turgut Kabaca (August 10, 1972, İstanbul) civil engineer, swimmer and national water polo player.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1979-1985 Galatasaray Swimming Team

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986-2005 Galatasaray Water Polo Team (1993-2002 Captain of Senior Team, 1991,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1999,2000,2001,2005, 10 times Senior Team Turkish Champion )

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1988-1992 Junior National Team Player

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990-2002 Senior National Team Player

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2005-2008 Board Member of the Turkish Water Polo Federation, Manager of National Teams

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008-2009 ODTÜ Sutopu Takımı (1.lig)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008-2009 METU Water Polo Team (1st league)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010-2014 Antalyaspor Water Polo Team ( 3rd league champion, 2nd league champion and 1st league)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013 Galatasaray 35+ Masters Team (European Masters Water Polo Championship - Budapest, Silver Medal )

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014- 2015 Manisa Metyx Water Polo Team (1st league)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Results 35FINAL.pdf

description: waterpolo player from Turkey

wikidata_label: Turgut Kabaca

wikipedia_title: Turgut Kabaca