text: jazz

text: Sandu

text: Joy Spring

text: Daahoud

text: Down Beat

text: "DownBeat" Jazz Hall of Fame

text: Booker Little

text: Freddie Hubbard

text: Lee Morgan

text: Wilmington, Delaware

text: Delaware State University

text: Maryland State College

text: Dover

text: Dizzy Gillespie

text: Fats Navarro

text: chord

text: bebop

text: R&B

text: Chris Powell

text: Tadd Dameron

text: J. J. Johnson

text: Lionel Hampton

text: Art Blakey

text: Max Roach

text: hard bop

text: George Morrow

text: Harold Land

text: Sonny Rollins

text: heroin

text: Richie Powell

text: Chicago

text: Pennsylvania Turnpike

text: Bedford

text: Los Angeles

text: Joy Spring

text: Max Roach

text: Los Angeles

text: Tiffany Club

text: Art Pepper

text: Jack Montrose

text: Red Norvo

text: Tal Farlow

text: Red Mitchell

text: Boston

text: Roxbury

text: Rayford Griffin

text: Benny Golson

text: I Remember Clifford

text: jazz standard

text: Duke Pearson

text: Cannonball Adderley

text: Louis Smith

text: Here Comes Louis Smith

text: Helen Merrill

text: Helen Merrill

text: Lew Soloff

text: Tom Harrell

text: Wallace Roney

text: Roy Hargrove

text: Arturo Sandoval

text: I Remember Clifford

text: Clifford Brown Jazz Festival

text: University of the Arts

text: Lou Donaldson

text: Marcus Belgrave

text: Terence Blanchard

text: John Fedchock

text: Jesús Franco

text: Lancaster Pike

text: New Star On The Horizon

text: Blue Note

text: Gigi Gryce

text: Charlie Rouse

text: John Lewis

text: Clifford Brown Quartet

text: Memorial Album

text: Prestige

text: Memorial

text: Teddy Edwards

text: Carl Perkins

text: Harold Land

text: Arranged by Montrose

text: Stu Williamson

text: Zoot Sims

text: Bob Gordon

text: Russ Freeman

text: Jazz Messages

text: Jazztone

text: Rudy Van Gelder

text: Clifford Brown & Max Roach

text: Harold Land

text: Jam Session

text: Clark Terry

text: Maynard Ferguson

text: Harold Land

text: Herb Geller

text: Clifford Brown with Strings

text: Brown and Roach Incorporated

text: Harold Land

text: Study in Brown

text: Harold Land

text: Best Coast Jazz

text: Herb Geller

text: Walter Benton

text: Joe Maini

text: Clifford Brown and Max Roach at Basin Street

text: Sonny Rollins

text: Clifford Brown All Stars

text: Herb Geller

text: Walter Benton

text: Joe Maini

text: Daahoud

text: Mainstream

text: The Beginning And The End

text: Art Blakey

text: A Night at Birdland Vol. 1

text: A Night at Birdland Vol. 2

text: A Night at Birdland Vol. 3

text: Tadd Dameron

text: Lou Donaldson

text: Gigi Gryce

text: J. J. Johnson

text: The Eminent Jay Jay Johnson Volume 1

text: Helen Merrill

text: Helen Merrill

text: Sonny Rollins

text: Sonny Rollins Plus 4

text: Sarah Vaughan

text: Sarah Vaughan with Clifford Brown

text: Dinah Washington

text: Dinah Jams

text: Nick Catalano

text: 50 Years Later, Unmuted Awe for Clifford Brown

categories: Clifford Brown,Bebop trumpeters,1956 deaths,Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania,University of Maryland Eastern Shore alumni,Hard bop trumpeters,1930 births,African-American jazz musicians,American jazz trumpeters,20th-century American musicians,Blue Note Records artists,Delaware State University alumni,Musicians from Philadelphia,American male trumpeters,20th-century trumpeters,Musicians from Wilmington, Delaware,Road incident deaths in Pennsylvania,African-American musicians

paragraph: Clifford Brown

paragraph: Clifford Benjamin Brown (October 30, 1930 – June 26, 1956) was an American jazz trumpeter. He died at the age of 25 in a car accident, leaving behind four years' worth of recordings. He was also a composer of note: his compositions "Sandu," "Joy Spring," and "Daahoud" have become jazz standards.

paragraph: Brown won the "Down Beat" critics' poll for New Star of the Year in 1954; he was inducted into the "DownBeat" Jazz Hall of Fame in 1972 in the critics' poll. He influenced later jazz trumpeters such as Booker Little, Freddie Hubbard, and Lee Morgan.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Brown was born into a musical family in a progressive East-Side neighborhood of Wilmington, Delaware. His father organized his four youngest sons, including Clifford, into a vocal quartet. Around age ten, Brown started playing trumpet at school after becoming fascinated with the shiny trumpet his father owned. At age thirteen, upon entering senior high, his father bought him his own trumpet and provided him with private lessons. As a junior in high school, he received lessons from Robert Boysie Lowery and played in "a jazz group that Lowery organized." He even began making trips to Philadelphia. Brown took pride in his neighborhood and earned a good education from Howard High.

paragraph: Brown briefly attended Delaware State University as a math major, before he switched to Maryland State College, which was a more prosperous musical environment. As Nick Catalano points out, Brown's trips to Philadelphia grew in frequency after he graduated from high school and entered Delaware State University; it could be said that, although his dorm was in Dover, his classroom was in Philadelphia. Brown played in the fourteen-piece, jazz-oriented, Maryland State Band. In June 1950, he was seriously injured in a car accident after a successful gig. During his year-long hospitalization, Dizzy Gillespie visited the younger trumpeter and pushed him to pursue his musical career. Brown's injuries limited him to the piano for months; he never fully recovered and would routinely dislocate his shoulder for the rest of his life. Brown moved into playing music professionally, where he quickly became one of the most highly regarded trumpeters in jazz.

paragraph: Brown was influenced and encouraged by Fats Navarro, whom he first met at the age of 15, sharing Navarro's virtuosic technique and brilliance of invention. His sound was warm and round, and notably consistent across the full range of the instrument. He could articulate every note, even at very fast tempos which seemed to present no difficulty to him; this served to enhance the impression of his speed of execution. His sense of harmony was highly developed, enabling him to deliver bold statements through complex harmonic progressions (chord changes), and embodying the linear, "algebraic" terms of bebop harmony. In addition to his up-tempo prowess, he could express himself deeply in a ballad performance.

paragraph: His first recordings were with R&B bandleader Chris Powell, following which he performed with Tadd Dameron, J. J. Johnson, Lionel Hampton, and Art Blakey before forming his own group with Max Roach. The Clifford Brown & Max Roach Quintet was a high-water mark of the hard bop style, with all the members of the group except for bassist George Morrow contributing original songs. Brown's trumpet was originally partnered with Harold Land's tenor saxophone. After Land left in 1955 in order to spend more time with his wife, Sonny Rollins joined and remained a member of the group for the rest of its existence. In their hands, the bebop vernacular reached a peak of inventiveness.

paragraph: The clean-living Brown escaped the influence of heroin and alcohol on the jazz world. Brown stayed away from drugs and was not fond of alcohol. Rollins, who was recovering from heroin addiction, said that "Clifford was a profound influence on my personal life. He showed me that it was possible to live a good, clean life and still be a good jazz musician."

paragraph: In June 1956, Brown and Richie Powell embarked on a drive to Chicago for their next appearance. Powell's wife Nancy was at the wheel so that Clifford and Richie could sleep. While driving at night in the rain on the Pennsylvania Turnpike, west of Bedford, she is presumed to have lost control of the car, which went off the road, killing all three in the resulting crash. Brown is buried in Mt. Zion Cemetery, in Wilmington, Delaware.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: On June 26, 1954, in Los Angeles, Brown married Emma LaRue Anderson "(maiden;" 1933–2005), who he called "Joy Spring," the namesake of one of his compositions. The two had been introduced by Max Roach. They actually celebrated their married three times, partly because their families were on opposite coasts and partly because of their differing religions – Brown was Methodist and Anderson was Catholic. They were first married in a private ceremony June 26, 1954, in Los Angeles (on Anderson's st birthday). They again celebrated their marriage in a religious setting on July 16, 1954 – the certificate being registered in Los Angeles County – and a reception was held at the Tiffany Club where the Art Pepper/Jack Montrose Quintet had been replaced a few days earlier by the Red Norvo Trio with Tal Farlow and Red Mitchell. Then, Anderson's parish priest followed them to Boston, where, on August 1, 1954, they performed their marriage ceremony at Saint Richards Church in the Roxbury neighborhood. They had a son, Clifford Benjamin Brown, Jr. (born 1955).

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: His nephew, drummer Rayford Griffin "(né" Rayford Galen Griffin; born 1958), modernized Brown's music on his 2015 album "Reflections of Brownie." Brown's grandson, Clifford Benjamin Brown III (born 1982), plays trumpet on one of the tracks, "Sandu".

paragraph: Benny Golson, who had done a stint in Lionel Hampton's band with Brown, and was a member along with Brown of Tadd Dameron's Big 10, wrote "I Remember Clifford" to honor his memory. The piece became a jazz standard, as musicians paid tribute by recording their own interpretations of it.

paragraph: Duke Pearson who had yet to record for Blue Note records wrote "Tribute To Brownie", which was recorded by the Cannonball Adderley Quintet on his 1957 album, "Sophisticated Swing". It also appeared on an album by trumpeter Louis Smith, "Here Comes Louis Smith" with Cannonball again on alto saxophone.

paragraph: Helen Merrill, who recorded with Brown in 1954 ("Helen Merrill", EmArcy), recorded a tribute album in 1995 entitled "". The album features solos and ensemble work by trumpeters Lew Soloff, Tom Harrell, Wallace Roney, and Roy Hargrove.

paragraph: Arturo Sandoval's entire second album after fleeing from his native Cuba, entitled "I Remember Clifford", was likewise a tribute to Brown.

paragraph: Each year, Wilmington hosts the Clifford Brown Jazz Festival.

paragraph: "Brownie Speaks", a video documentary, is the culmination of years of research by Wilmington-born jazz pianist Don Glanden, research that has included interviews with Brown's friends, family, contemporaries, and admirers. Glanden's son Brad edited these interviews, along with archival materials and newly shot video footage. The documentary premiered in 2008 at the "Brownie Speaks" Clifford Brown Symposium hosted by the University of the Arts in Philadelphia. The three-day symposium featured performances from close friends and bandmates of Brown such as Golson and Lou Donaldson and other artists inspired by Brown, including Marcus Belgrave, Terence Blanchard, and John Fedchock.

paragraph: Spanish film director Jesús Franco often used Clifford Brown as a screen pseudonym in homage to one of his musical heroes.

paragraph: In 1994, Brown's widow, LaRue Brown Watson, established the Clifford Brown Jazz Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to Brown's memory and inspiring a love for jazz among young people. The Foundation is under the direction of Clifford Brown III, Brown's grandson and a respected Bay Area trumpeter and music producer.

paragraph: In 2014 a campaign was launched to restore Brown's grave site at Mt. Zion Cemetery on Lancaster Pike, just outside the city limits in Wilmington, Delaware.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As leader or co-leader.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "New Star On The Horizon" (Blue Note 5032 [10" LP], 1953) - sextet with Gigi Gryce, Charlie Rouse, and John Lewis

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown Quartet" (Vogue Productions – L.D. 179, rec. 1953 in Paris; rel. 1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memorial Album" (Blue Note 1526, 1953; rel. 1956; CD reissue: Blue Note/Capitol-EMI 32141, rel. 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown And Art Farmer With The Swedish All Stars" (Prestige 167 [10" LP], 1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Memorial" (Prestige 7055, 1953; rel. 1955; CD reissue: OJC-Fantasy 017, rel. 1990) - note: this 12" reissues both Prestige 10" albums, #159 and #167.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown Quartet In Paris (1953)" (Prestige 7761, 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown Sextet In Paris (1953)" (Prestige 7794, 1970)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown Big Band In Paris (1953)" (Prestige 7840, 1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- " Clifford Brown In Paris (Paris 1953 consolidated master takes from above plus Prestige Memorial) 2 LP set (Prestige 24020, 1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Max Roach and Clifford Brown In Concert" (Gene Norman Presents Vol. 5 [10" LP], 1954) - with Teddy Edwards, and Carl Perkins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Max Roach and Clifford Brown In Concert" (Gene Norman Presents Vol. 7 [10" LP], 1954) - with Harold Land, and Richie Powell

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Best Of Max Roach and Clifford Brown In Concert" (Gene Norman Presents GNP-18 [12" LP], rel. 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown Ensemble" / "Arranged by Montrose" (Pacific Jazz PJLP-19 [10" LP], 1954) - septet with Stu Williamson, Zoot Sims, Bob Gordon, and Russ Freeman (re-released as "Jazz Messages" on Jazztone )

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown: Jazz Immortal" (Pacific Jazz PJ-3, 1954; rel. 1955; CD reissue: Pacific Jazz/Capitol-EMI 32142 [remastered Rudy Van Gelder edition], rel. 2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown & Max Roach" (EmArcy 26043 [10" LP], 1954; EmArcy 36036 [12" LP], rel. 1955) - with Harold Land

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jam Session" (EmArcy 36002, 1954) - with Clark Terry, Maynard Ferguson, Harold Land and Herb Geller

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown with Strings" (EmArcy 36005, 1955)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brown and Roach Incorporated" (EmArcy 36008, 1954; rel. 1955) with Harold Land

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Study in Brown" (EmArcy 36037, 1955) - with Harold Land

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Best Coast Jazz" (EmArcy 36039, 1954; rel. 1955) - with Herb Geller, Walter Benton, and Joe Maini

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown and Max Roach at Basin Street" (EmArcy 36070, 1956) - with Sonny Rollins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Clifford Brown All Stars" (EmArcy 36102, 1954; rel. 1956) - album AKA "Caravan" - with Herb Geller Walter Benton Joe Maini

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daahoud" (Mainstream 386, 1954; rel. 1972) - note: all alternate takes of EmArcy material.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Beginning And The End" (Columbia, rel. 1973) - note: contains material from 1952 with Chris Powell and His Blue Flames, plus a club gig with Billy Root and Ziggy Vines in Philadelphia recorded on either 31 May 1955 (from Nick Catalano's biography) or 25 June 1956 (from the liner notes).

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:As sideman.

paragraph: With Art Blakey

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Night at Birdland Vol. 1" (Blue Note 5037 [10" LP], 1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Night at Birdland Vol. 2" (Blue Note 5038 [10" LP], 1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Night at Birdland Vol. 3" (Blue Note 5039 [10" LP], 1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Night at Birdland Vol. 1" (Blue Note 1521 [12" LP], released 1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Night at Birdland Vol. 2" (Blue Note 1522 [12" LP], released 1956)

paragraph: With Tadd Dameron

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Study In Dameronia" (Prestige 159 [10" LP], 1953) part of Prestige Memorial Album

paragraph: With Lou Donaldson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lou Donaldson/Clifford Brown: New Faces-New Sounds" (Blue Note 5030 [10" LP], 1953) part of Blue Note Memorial Album

paragraph: With Gigi Gryce

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gigi Gryce/Clifford Brown Sextet" (Blue Note 5048 [10" LP], rec. 1953 in Paris; rel. 1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gigi Gryce And His Big Band, Vol. 1" (Blue Note 5049 [10" LP], rec. 1953 in Paris; rel. 1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gigi Gryce And His Little Band, Vol. 2" (Blue Note 5050 [10" LP], rec. 1953 in Paris; rel. 1954)

paragraph: With J. J. Johnson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jay Jay Johnson With Clifford Brown" (Blue Note 5028 [10" LP], 1953)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Eminent Jay Jay Johnson Volume 1" (Blue Note 1505 [12' LP], rel. 1956)

paragraph: With Helen Merrill

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Helen Merrill" (EmArcy 36006, 1954; rel. 1955)

paragraph: With Sonny Rollins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sonny Rollins Plus 4" (Prestige 7038, 1956)

paragraph: With Sarah Vaughan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sarah Vaughan with Clifford Brown" (EmArcy 36004, 1954; rel. 1955)

paragraph: With Dinah Washington

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dinah Jams" (EmArcy 36000, 1954)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Selected CD sets.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Complete EmArcy Recordings Of Clifford Brown" (Verve-Universal, 2013 [UPC: 600753422526]; 10-CD set)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Brownie Speaks: The Complete Blue Note Albums" (Blue Note-UMe B0020657 02, 2014 [UPC: 602537816125]; 3-CD set) - note: includes all of the material from the six original 10" LP releases: 5028, 5030, 5032, 5037, 5038, 5039, plus 11 alternate takes.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Max Roach: "" (Verve 2CD, 1954-60 [1995])

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nick Catalano, "Clifford Brown: The Life and Art of the Legendary Jazz Trumpeter" (Oxford University Press, 2001)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 50 Years Later, Unmuted Awe for Clifford Brown

description: American jazz musician

wikidata_label: Clifford Brown

wikipedia_title: Clifford Brown


text: Southern Tang

text: imperial China

text: Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

text: Song dynasty

text: Emperor Taizong of Song

text: ci

text: Chinese year

text: Southern Tang

text: Li Jing

text: emperor

text: Li Jingsui

text: heir apparent

text: Li Hongji

text: crown prince

text: Empress Zhong

text: Zhou Ehuang

text: chancellor

text: Zhou Zong

text: Later Zhou

text: prefectures

text: Yangtze River

text: emperor

text: Zhong Mo

text: Li Congshan

text: capital

text: Nanjing

text: Jiangsu

text: Nanchang

text: Jiangxi

text: Xu You

text: Song dynasty

text: Zhao Kuangyin

text: Feng Yanlu

text: Kaifeng

text: Henan

text: milk name

text: posthumous name

text: the queen's younger sister

text: Jingnan

text: Hunan

text: Later Shu

text: Southern Han

text: Lin Renzhao

text: military governor

text: Wuchang

text: Hubei

text: Yangzhou

text: Fan Ruoshui

text: agents

text: Chen Qiao

text: Emperor Taizu of Song

text: Southern Tang

text: Wuyue

text: Song dynasty

text: Nanjing

text: Song

text: Kaifeng

text: Tang-Song transition

text: Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

text: Tang poetry

text: ci

text: love

text: history

text: philosophy

text: stanza

text: characters

text: shi

text: Cantonese opera

text: Song

text: Taizong

text: Teresa Teng

text: Light Exquisite Feelings

text: Stone City

text: Month

text: Pipa

text: metre

text: fu

text: calligraphy

text: Emperor Taizu of Song

text: The Sword and the Song

text: Li Wenhai

text: Nicky Wu

text: Song poetry

text: Tang poetry

text: Index of Poems of Li Yu

categories: Song dynasty politicians from Jiangsu,Southern Tang emperors,Murdered Chinese emperors,Emperors from Nanjing,Poets from Jiangsu,Politicians from Nanjing,Southern Tang poets,978 deaths,Writers from Nanjing,Song dynasty poets,936 births

paragraph: Li Yu (Southern Tang)

paragraph: Li Yu (; 937 – 15 August 978), before 961 known as Li Congjia (李從嘉), also known as Li Houzhu (李後主; literally "Last Ruler Li" or "Last Lord Li"), was the third ruler of the Southern Tang state during imperial China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He reigned from 961 until 976, when he was captured by the invading Song dynasty armies which annexed his kingdom. He died by poison on orders of Emperor Taizong of Song after 2 years essentially as an exiled prisoner.

paragraph: Although an incompetent ruler, he was a representative lyric poet during his era, even to the extent of having been called the "first true master" of the "ci" form.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: In the same Chinese year Li Congjia was born, his grandfather Xu Zhigao, also known as Xu Gao (Li Bian) founded the state Qi (齊), renaming it Tang (known as the Southern Tang) 2 years later. When Li Congjia was 6, his father Li Jing became the next Southern Tang emperor. With Li Jing naming his younger brother Li Jingsui his heir apparent, his sixth eldest son Li Congjia seemed unlikely to ever succeed the throne. However, many of Li Congjia's brothers died very young, and after the death of the second eldest brother Li Hongmao (李弘茂) in 951, Li Congjia all of a sudden found himself right behind Li Hongji — the eldest brother — and uncle Li Jingsui in the succession line.

paragraph: Li Hongji, a withdrawn and troubled young man, resented his crown prince uncle, whom he saw as a political enemy standing in his way. He also disliked his younger brother Li Congjia, even though they shared the same biological mother, Empress Zhong. Fearing the possible results of this family enmity, Li Congjia tried hard to be inconspicuous and focused on the arts, including poetry, painting and music. He loved reading, a passion encouraged by his father, also an acclaimed poet. At the age of 17, Li Congjia married Zhou Ehuang, chancellor Zhou Zong's daughter and a year his senior. Lady Zhou was not only highly educated but also multi-talented in music and the arts and the young couple enjoyed a very intimate relationship.

paragraph: Section::::Accession to the throne.

paragraph: In 955, a year after Li Congjia's marriage, Southern Tang was invaded by Later Zhou. The resistance war did not end until spring 958, after Li Jing ceded all prefectures north of the Yangtze River to his powerful northern neighbor. Li Jing also relinquished all imperial trappings, degrading his own title from emperor to king (國主). The national humiliation was soon followed by familial tragedy: later that year Li Hongji poisoned uncle Li Jingsui to death, which was followed by his own death a few months later, allegedly hastened by many encounters with Li Jingsui's vengeful ghost.

paragraph: Not long after Li Hongji's death in 959, Li Congjia was given the post of royal secretary (尚書令) so that he could familiarize himself of governmental affairs. However, despite being the king's eldest surviving son, a few ministers considered him too dissolute and weak for the crown prince position, including Zhong Mo, who pleaded to have Li Congjia's younger brother Li Congshan chosen instead. Li Jing found Zhong's suggestion offensive and demoted him.

paragraph: Suffering from poor health, Li Jing decided to transfer all responsibilities to his successor. He named Li Congjia the crown prince in spring 961 to take over in the capital Jinling (金陵; modern Nanjing, Jiangsu) while he retired to the southern city of Hongzhou (洪州; modern Nanchang, Jiangxi). A few months later he died, and Li Congjia officially succeeded the throne, not without a last-second effort by Li Congshan to challenge him. By then Zhong Mo had also died, so Li Congshan asked chancellor Xu You to bring Li Jing's last will to him. Xu refused and confided in Li Congjia of Li Congshan's intentions. Li Congjia — changing his name to Li Yu — did not punish his younger brother other than a slight demotion.

paragraph: Section::::As Southern Tang ruler.

paragraph: Section::::As Southern Tang ruler.:Appeasing the Song Dynasty.

paragraph: A year before Li Yu ascended the throne, Southern Tang's nominal overlord Later Zhou had been replaced by the Song dynasty established by former Later Zhou general Zhao Kuangyin, who had earlier participated in several campaigns against Southern Tang. Knowing the limit of Southern Tang's military strength and trying hard to be subservient to the northern court, Li Yu immediately sent a high official Feng Yanlu with a letter — whose language was of extreme humility — to inform Song of his succession. Things got to a rocky start: during his accession to the throne Li Yu built a golden rooster, a symbol of imperial power, the news of which infuriated Zhao Kuangyin. In the end, the Southern Tang ambassador in the Song capital of Bianliang (汴梁; modern Kaifeng, Henan) had to give the explanation that the golden rooster was actually a "weird bird" to satisfy the Song emperor.

paragraph: Such an embarrassing relationship would define Li's entire reign, as tribute payments, both regular and irregular, drained the Southern Tang treasury. Essentially Li was ready to fulfill Emperor Taizu of Song's every demand except go to Bianliang himself. In 963, Li Congshan who accompanied a tributary mission was held hostage in Bianliang and had to write letters on behalf of the Song emperor asking his elder brother also join him at the Song court. Li Yu, naturally, did not heed the request.

paragraph: Section::::As Southern Tang ruler.:Successive deaths in the family.

paragraph: Li Yu remained close to his musically gifted wife Zhou Ehuang — now Queen Zhou — so close that he sometimes canceled government meetings to enjoy her performances. The absences continued until a censor (監察御史) spoke out against it.

paragraph: In around 964, the second of the couple's 2 sons, a 3-year-old still called by his milk name Ruibao (瑞保), died unexpectedly. Li would mourn his son by himself so as not to sadden his wife more than necessary, but Queen Zhou was completely devastated and quickly deteriorated in health. During her illness, Li attended her so devotedly that he did not disrobe for days. When the queen finally succumbed to illness, Li mourned so bitterly until "his bones stuck out and he could stand up only with the aid of a staff." In addition to several grieving poems, he chiseled the roughly 2000 characters of his "Dirge for the Zhaohui Queen Zhou" (昭惠周后誄) — "Zhaohui" being her posthumous name — to her headstone himself. Part of the dirge read (as translated by Daniel Bryant):

paragraph: While Li Yu was almost certainly sincere in his love for his wife, during her last days he also engaged in a secret sexual relationship with the queen's younger sister, who was only around 14 at that time. Worst of all, the queen discovered the "affair" which probably hastened her demise and multiplied Li Yu's regret. A few months later, in late 965, disaster stroke again: Queen Dowager Zhong died after several months of attentive care-taking by Li. The subsequent mourning period delayed Li's marriage to the younger Lady Zhou until 968.

paragraph: Section::::As Southern Tang ruler.:Deaths of Lin Renzhao and Pan You.

paragraph: After conquering Jingnan, the Hunan region and Later Shu, the Song Dynasty army set off to invade Southern Han in 971, Southern Tang's southwestern neighbor. Lin Renzhao, the Southern Tang military governor of Zhenhai Command (鎮海軍) centering in Wuchang (in modern Hubei), believed the opportunity golden to attack the Song cities around Yangzhou (in modern Jiangsu) as the main Song army would be a long distance away and already severely fatigued. Li Yu immediately rejected Lin's request: "Stop the nonsense talks, (stop) destroying (our) country!"

paragraph: What Li was perhaps unaware was a year before, the Song military had gotten hold of an important chart with detailed measurements of Yangtze River crossing points, provided by a Southern Tang defector named Fan Ruoshui. After the conquest of Southern Han, their next step was to eliminate Lin Renzhao. In 974, Emperor Taizu of Song got hold of a Lin portrait through agents working in Southern Tang, and Li Congshan, the hostage kept in Bianliang, was then made to believe that Lin's loyalty was with Song. When Li Yu was told of this, he without a thorough investigation secretly poisoned Lin to death. Chancellor Chen Qiao angrily reacted to Lin's death: "Seeing loyal ministers killed, I don't know where I will die!".

paragraph: Section::::As Southern Tang ruler.:Fall of Southern Tang.

paragraph: Not known for his governing skill, Houzhu was nevertheless a highly accomplished scholar, he allowed himself indulgence with artistic and literature pursuits, with little regard to the strong Song Kingdom that was eying its weaker neighbor. In 971, Houzhu dropped the name of Tang from its Kingdom's name, in a desperate move to please the mighty Emperor Taizu of Song.

paragraph: Of the many other kingdoms surrounding the Southern Tang, only Wuyue to the east had yet to fall. The Southern Tang's turn came in 974, when, after several refusals to summons to the Song court, on the excuse of illness, Song dynasty armies invaded. After a year long siege of the Southern Tang capital, modern Nanjing, Li Houzhu surrendered, in 975; and, he and his family were taken as captives to the Song capital at present-day Kaifeng. In a later poem, Li wrote about the shame and regret he had on the day he was taken away from Jinling (as translated by Hsiung Ting):

paragraph: Section::::Devotion to the arts.

paragraph: Although, Li Yu indeed was a great exponent and developer of the "Ci" poetry form, which form sometimes or often seems to characterize poetry of the Song Dynasty, there is also some difficulty in categorizing him as a Song poet: the Southern Tang state is more of a continuation of Tang than a precursor on the Song side of the divide of the history of the Tang-Song transition, also known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Li Yu represents both a continuation of the Tang poetry tradition, as well as representing the "Ci" poetic style which is so especially associated with the poetry of Song.

paragraph: Li Houzhu devoted much of his time to pleasure-making and literature, and this is reflected in his early poems. A second phase of Li's "ci" poems seems to have been the development of an even sadder style after the death of his wife, in 964. His best-known, and saddest, poems were composed during the years of his captivity, after he formally abdicated his reign to the Song, in 975. He was created the Marquess of Wei Ming (Chinese: 違命侯; literally, the Marquess of Disobeyed Edicts), a token title only: actually, he was a prisoner, though with the outward accoutrements of a prince. Li's works from this period dwell on his regret for the lost kingdom and the pleasures it had brought him.

paragraph: He developed the ci by broadening its scope from love to history and philosophy, particularly in his later works. He also introduced the two stanza form, and made great use of contrasts between longer lines of nine characters and shorter ones of three and five. Only 45 of his "ci" poems survive, thirty of which have been verified to be his authentic works, the other of which are possibly composed by other writers: also, seventeen shi style poems remain to his credit. His story remains very popular in many Cantonese operas.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He was poisoned by the Song emperor Taizong in 978, after he had written a poem that, in a veiled manner, lamented the destruction of his empire and the rape of his second wife Empress Zhou the Young by the Song emperor. After his death, he was posthumously created the Prince of Wu (吳王).

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.:"Ci" poetry.

paragraph: The roughly 40 (some of which incomplete owing to damaged manuscripts) "ci" poems possibly written by Li Yu are summarized in the table below. The "ci" as a poetic form follows set patterns or tunes (詞牌).

paragraph: A few poems have been set to music in modern times, most notably the 3 songs in superstar Teresa Teng's 1983 album "Light Exquisite Feelings". Some of the songs are mentioned below.

paragraph: One of Li Yu's most famous poems, popularly known as "Alone Up the Western Tower" (獨上西樓), was written after his capture. As translated by Chan Hong-mo:

paragraph: Section::::Writing.:"Shi" poetry.

paragraph: Li Yu's poems in the form of "shi" include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bìng Qǐ Tí Shān Shě Bì" (病起題山舍壁; "Getting up while Ill: Written Upon the Wall of My Mountain Lodge")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bìng Zhōng Gǎn Huái" (病中感懷; "Feelings while Ill")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bìng Zhōng Shū Shì" (病中書事; "Written while Ill")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dào Shī" (悼詩; "Poem of Mourning")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dù Zhōng Jiāng Wàng Shí Chéng Qì Xià" (渡中江望石城泣下; "Gazing at Stone City from Mid-river and Weeping")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gǎn Huái" (感懷; "My Feelings") — 2 poems

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Jiǔ Yuè Shí Rì Ǒu Shū" (九月十日偶書; "Jotted Down on the Tenth Day of the Ninth Month")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Méi Huā" (梅花; "Plum Blossoms") — 2 poems

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Qiū Yīng" (秋鶯; "Autumn Warbler")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shū Líng Yán Shǒu Jīn" (書靈筵手巾; "Written on the Napkin for a Sacrificial Banquet")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shū Pí Pá Bèi" (書琵琶背; "Written on the Back of a Pipa")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sòng Dèng Wáng Èr Shí Dì Cóng Yì Mù Xuān Chéng" (送鄧王二十弟從益牧宣城; "On Saying Farewell to My Younger Brother Chongyi, the Prince of Deng, Who is Going Away to Govern Xuancheng") — including a long letter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tí jīn lóu zi hòu" (題金樓子後; "Written at the end of the "Jinlouzi"") — including a preface

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wǎn Chí"(輓辭; "Poem of Mourning") — 2 poems

paragraph: "To the Tune of Liǔ Zhī" mentioned in the "ci" section may also be classified as a "shi".

paragraph: Section::::Writing.:Prose writing.

paragraph: Though miscellaneous in character, Li Yu's surviving prose writings also demonstrated his poetic genius. For example, "Dirge for the Zhaohui Queen Zhou" is rhymed and almost entirely in regular four-character metre, resembling the dominant "fu" form a millennium before.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.:Calligraphy.

paragraph: Li Yu's calligraphy style has been dubbed "golden inlaid dagger" (金錯刀) for its perceived force and clarity. As one Song Dynasty writer noted: "The large characters are like split bamboo, the small ones like clusters of needles; altogether unlike anything done with a brush!"

paragraph: Section::::Television series.

paragraph: Three independent television series focused on the complex relationships between Li Yu (Li Houzhu), Emperor Taizu of Song (Zhao Kuangyin) and the various women in their lives. They are:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Sword and the Song" (絕代雙雄), a 1986 Singaporean series starring Li Wenhai as Li Yu.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Love, Sword, Mountain & River" (情劍山河), a 1996 Taiwanese series starring Chin Feng as Li Yu.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Li Houzhu and Zhao Kuangyin" (李後主與趙匡胤), a 2006 Chinese series starring Nicky Wu as Li Yu.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Song poetry

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tang poetry

paragraph: Section::::Notes and references.

paragraph: Section::::Notes and references.:Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Primary sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Secondary sources

paragraph: BULLET::::- Davis, A. R. (Albert Richard), Editor and Introduction, "The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse". Baltimore: Penguin Books (1970).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Landau, Julie. 1994. "Beyond spring tz'u poems of the Sung dynasty". Translations from the Asian classics. New York: Columbia University Press.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Liu, Kezhang. 2006. "An appreciation and English translation of one hundred Chines (i.e. Chinese) cis during the Tang and Song dynasties." Pittsburgh, Penn: RoseDog Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacKintosh, Duncan and Alan Ayling. 1967. "A collection of Chinese lyrics." Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Index of Poems of Li Yu

alias:
Zhongfeng yinzhe
Li Yu
Zhongfengbailian jushi
Chongguang
Zhongyin
Li houzhu
Li Congjia
Zhongshanyinshi
Li Houzhu

description: ruler of the Southern Tang Kingdom in ancient China

enwikiquote_title: Li Yu (Southern Tang)

wikidata_label: Li Yu (Southern Tang)

wikipedia_title: Li Yu (Southern Tang)


text: Sens

text: Paris

text: Légion d'honneur

text: Antoine Barnave

text: Louis Lebègue Duportail

categories: French civil engineers,1842 deaths,1767 births,People from Sens,Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur

paragraph: Jean Bernard Tarbé de Vauxclairs

paragraph: Jean Bernard Tarbé de Vauxclairs (23 February 1767, Sens - 17 September 1842, Paris) was a French engineer. He was made a Commander of the Légion d'honneur.

paragraph: In August 1792, he was arrested with Antoine Barnave, Bertrand, Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth, Louis Lebègue Duportail, and Marguerite-Louis-François Duport-Dutertre.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dictionary of public works, military and maritime, considered in dealing with legislation, administration and jurisprudence" (Paris, Carillian Goeury, 1835).

description: French civil engineer

wikidata_label: Jean Bernard Tarbé de Vauxclairs

wikipedia_title: Jean Bernard Tarbé de Vauxclairs


text:
Napoleon
Bourbon Restoration
Saint-Jean-du-Gard
Jean Pelet de la Lozère
National Convention
Bourbon Restoration
Loir-et-Cher
Jacques-Joseph Corbière
Jules de Polignac
July Monarchy
Cabinet of Édouard Adolphe Mortier
Soult
First cabinet of Adolphe Thiers
Louis-Mathieu Molé
February Revolution
Villers-Cotterêts

paragraph: Joseph Pelet de la Lozère

paragraph: Privat Joseph Claramont, comte Pelet de la Lozère (12 July 1785 – 9 February 1871) was a French administrator and politician. He served under the regime of Napoleon, and as a prefect under the Bourbon Restoration. He was a Deputy from 1827 until 1837, when he was made a Peer of France. He was Minister of Education in 1836 and Minister of Finance in 1840.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Privat Joseph Claramont, Count Pelet de la Lozère, was born on 12 July 1785 in Saint-Jean-du-Gard, Gard.

paragraph: He was the oldest son of Jean Pelet de la Lozère (1759-1842), a deputy to the French National Convention, and of Marie Antoinette Rodier.

paragraph: Joseph Pelet joined the administration in the year VIII as a supernumerary at the Ministry of Interior.

paragraph: He was appointed auditor to the Council of State and Director of the Crown Forests in 1806.

paragraph: He was made Master of Requests in 1811 and administrator of the "domaine extraordinaire" in 1814.

paragraph: Section::::Bourbon Restoration.

paragraph: During the Bourbon Restoration Pelet served from 24 February 1819 until 1823 as Prefect of Loir-et-Cher.

paragraph: He was dismissed in 1823 by Jacques-Joseph Corbière due to suspicion of being a liberal, and perhaps also for being a Protestant.

paragraph: On 17 November 1827 he was elected deputy for the first district of Loir-et-Cher (Blois) and for the 2nd district of Loir-et-Cher (Vendôme).

paragraph: He chose to represent Blois.

paragraph: He took his seat on the center-left, and voted against the cabinet of Jules de Polignac.

paragraph: Pelet was reelected for Blois on 12 July 1830.

paragraph: Section::::July monarchy.

paragraph: Pelet strongly supported the July Monarchy of 1830.

paragraph: He was reelected to Blois on 5 July 1831 and again on 21 June 1834.

paragraph: After the Cabinet of Édouard Adolphe Mortier was dissolved in February 1835 due to internal divisions, Marshal Soult was invited to form a new cabinet.

paragraph: He offered a post to Pelet, but Soult's proposed cabinet was blocked by the personal influence of king Louis Philippe.

paragraph: Pelet was appointed Minister of Public Education on 22 February 1836 in the First cabinet of Adolphe Thiers.

paragraph: The Pelet Law encouraged communes to have at least one primary school for girls.

paragraph: The Thiers cabinet was dissolved on 6 September 1836 due to a serious disagreement between the king and his advisers over policy regarding Spain.

paragraph: On leaving office Pelet became a leading member of the opposition to the government of Louis-Mathieu Molé.

paragraph: In October 1837 he was promoted to the Chamber of Peers.

paragraph: As a peer Pelet supported the regime, but sometimes expressed independent views.

paragraph: The Molé government fell in April 1839, followed by a prolonged ministerial crisis.

paragraph: On 1 March 1840 Thiers was again called upon to form a cabinet from the center-left, and Pelet de la Lozère was given the Finance portfolio.

paragraph: On 21 October 1840 he resigned due to a crisis in Eastern affairs.

paragraph: He remained in the House of Peers until the February Revolution of 1848 returned him to private life.

paragraph: Joseph Pelet de la Lozère died on 9 February 1871 in Villers-Cotterêts, Aisne, aged 85.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Précis de l'histoire des Etats-Unis" (1840)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Citations

paragraph: Sources

description: French politician

wikidata_label: Joseph Pelet de la Lozère

wikipedia_title: Joseph Pelet de la Lozère


text:
Red Bull Crashed Ice
Ice cross downhill
Provincial Women's Hockey League
Brant County
Red Bull Crashed Ice
Quebec City
Munich
Myriam Trepanier
Tamara Kajah
IMDB page
Official website

categories: Canadian women's ice hockey players,Ice hockey people from Ontario,1991 births,Living people

paragraph: Jacqueline Legere

paragraph: Jacqueline Legere (born 1991) is a Canadian athlete currently competing in Red Bull Crashed Ice. During the 2016 season, Legere finished atop the Crashed Ice standings, emerging as the women’s world champion. When not competing in Ice cross downhill, Legere is employed as a stuntwoman.

paragraph: Section::::Athletic career.

paragraph: Section::::Athletic career.:Ice hockey.

paragraph: During her teens, Legere competed in Ontario's Provincial Women's Hockey League with the Hamilton Hawks from 2009-11. She also competed in the Lower Lakes Female Hockey League with the Cambridge Roadrunners and won a high school hockey championship in Brant County.

paragraph: Section::::Athletic career.:Ice cross downhill.:Red Bull Crashed Ice.

paragraph: Legere qualified for the Red Bull Crashed Ice race in Quebec City in 2011, making her debut at the event. During the 2015-16 Crashed Ice season, Legere earned a podium finish in every race except for one, finishing in fifth place in Quebec City. Her first win of the season took place on January 8, 2016 in Munich, Germany, beating fellow Canadian Myriam Trepanier, who finished in second.

paragraph: In the final race of the season, held in St. Paul, Minnesota, she finished first in the race, resulting in a first place overall rank in the world rankings. Fellow Ontario native, Tamara Kajah, a former competitor with the UBC Thunderbirds women’s ice hockey program, finished in third place.

paragraph: To begin the 2016-17 Crashed Ice season, Legere finished in first place in the opening race, contested in Marseilles, France.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- IMDB page

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official website

description: Canadian ice hockey player and ice cross downhiller (1991-)

wikidata_label: Jacqueline Legere

wikipedia_title: Jacqueline Legere


text: Colonial Brazilian

text: botanist

text: Cedrela fissilis

text: Tiradentes

text: Minas Gerais

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: Rio de Janeiro

text: University of Coimbra

text: Portugal

text: Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada

text: Dickson James

text: "O fazendeiro do Brazil" (Lisbon, 1798)

text: John Carter Brown Library's

categories: 1742 births,Botanists with author abbreviations,Botanists active in South America,1811 deaths

paragraph: José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo

paragraph: José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo (also called José Mariano da Conceição Velloso) (1742 – 1811) was a Colonial Brazilian botanist who catalogued specimens, for example: "Cedrela fissilis" Vell. in "Florae Fluminensis" (1825–27; 1831). He was born in Tiradentes, formerly called São José do Rio das Mortes, state of Minas Gerais; and died in Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro.

paragraph: While at the University of Coimbra in Portugal in the 1790s he worked with Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada in translating works on mineralogy and agriculture.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dickson James; Vellozo (ed.) "Plantarum Cryptogamicarum Britanniae Lusitanorum Botanicorum" (1800)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Florae Fluminensis" (1825–27; 1831) Main work

paragraph: BULLET::::- "O Fazendeiro do Brasil" (1798–1806)

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Carauta, J. P. P. "The Text of Vellozo's Flora Fluminensis and Its Effective Date of Publication" Taxon, Vol. 22, No. 2/3 (May, 1973), pp. 281–284.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- José Mariano da Conceição Veloso Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Complete digital facsimiles of volumes 1-5 of "O fazendeiro do Brazil" (Lisbon, 1798) in the John Carter Brown Library's collection on Internet Archive

description: Brazilian botanist

wikidata_label: José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo

wikipedia_title: José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo


text: OFM Cap

text: Bishop of Toronto

text: Our Lady of Montreal

text: Governo General Sydenham

text: Michael Power

text: Pope Pius IX

text: Sistine Chapel

text: Society of St. Vincent de Paul

text: Christian Brothers

text: Capuchins

text: Capuchin friary

text: Crest, Drôme

text: St Michael's College

text: House of Providence

text: St Vincent de Paul Society

text: Toronto Savings Bank

text: Home Bank of Canada

text: "Armand-François-Marie de Charbonnel"

categories: Capuchins,1802 births,1891 deaths,Roman Catholic Bishops of Toronto,French Roman Catholic priests,19th-century Roman Catholic bishops

paragraph: Armand-François-Marie de Charbonnel

paragraph: Armand-François-Marie de Charbonnel OFM Cap (1 December 1802 – 29 March 1891) was the Bishop of Toronto from 1847 to 1860 and the only French and non-English priest to hold the post.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Born in Château du Flachat, France he was the second son of Jean-Baptiste de Charbonnel, Comte de Charbonnel, and Marie-Claudine de Pradier. At the age of ten, he was sent to a school operated by the Basilian Fathers in Annonay. Despite his father's wish that he enter the military, at seventeen, he went to the Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice in Issy to study for the priesthood. He was ordained on 17 Dec. 1825.

paragraph: Charbonnel joined the Society of Saint-Sulpice in 1826 and became professor of dogmatic theology and scripture, teaching at Sulpician seminaries in Versailles, Bordeaux, Marseilles, and Lyons. Charbonnel's intervention during a workers' revolt in that Lyons in 1834 saved the city from destruction but he would not accept the cross of the Legion of Honour for this action.

paragraph: Section::::Canada.

paragraph: Charbonnel repeatedly declined appointments as Vicar-General or coadjutor by the Bishops of Puiy, Autun, Limoges and Bordeaux, as well as Superior of the Seminary of Grenoble. To avoid such appointments, he decided to undertake missionary work in North America and came to the Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice in Montreal late in 1839. There he distinguished himself as a gifted preacher at large retreats before moving briefly to Baltimore, Maryland, about 1840 to study English.

paragraph: From 1840 to 1847 Charbonnel served as vicar at the parish of Our Lady of Montreal, working among the Irish immigrants. When the Governo General Sydenham suggested that he accept appointment to one of Britain's colonies, he responded "If I wished to be a bishop, I would not have left France."

paragraph: Charbonnel fell ill with typhus, and was recalled to France to convalesce. When Charbonnel was fully recovered, he accepted the position of professor of Theology in the Seminary of Aix in Provence.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop.

paragraph: With the death of Bishop Michael Power of Toronto, the Canadian hierarchy asked the Propaganda in Rome to appoint Charbonnnel. Pope Pius IX consecrated him bishop in the Sistine Chapel on 26 May 1850. Bishop Charbonnel arrived in Toronto on 21 September 1850. He worked to give the diocese a stable pastoral and financial footing. An eloquent preacher Bishop Charbonnel nonetheless, never felt up to the responsibilities of bishop, because of the linguistic and cultural gap that existed between him and his flock.

paragraph: Much of the Toronto diocese's debt was retired using money from his paternal estate in France. During his ten-year episcopate, he built twenty-three churches, organized the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, and founded important institutions: hospitals, orphanages, homes for the elderly and youth hostels. Bishop Charbonnel brought several religious communities to the diocese to look after education and social assistance, among others, the Christian Brothers, the Basilian Fathers, and the Sisters of St. Joseph.

paragraph: In 1856, he obtained the erection of the dioceses of London and Hamilton from that of Toronto. Charbonnel spent 13 months in Europe in 1857-1858 to preach on behalf of the Propagation of the Faith.

paragraph: Section::::Return to France and death.

paragraph: Carbonnel resigned on 26 April 1860 to return to France and enter the Capuchins, who sent him to the novitiate in Rieti. On 1 October 1869 he was made Titular Bishop of Sozopolis in Haemimonto and participated in the Vatican Council of 1869-1870. Charbonnel lived in Lyon, serving as an auxiliary to the archbishop of the city from 1869 to 1880. Crest in the diocese of Valencia, department of Drôme, In December 1883 he retired to the Capuchin friary in Crest, Drôme, where he died 29 March 1891. Charbonnel was buried at the friary.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: De Charbonnel left his legacy in Toronto through the establishment of St Michael's College under the Basilian Fathers and other institutions including:

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Providence - a shelter for the sick, aged and orphaned

paragraph: BULLET::::- St Vincent de Paul Society of Toronto

paragraph: BULLET::::- Established the Toronto Savings Bank, predecessor to the Home Bank of Canada

paragraph: BULLET::::- A French-language Toronto high school bears his name today, the École secondaire catholique Monseigneur-de-Charbonnel.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Murray Nicolson, "The Growth of Roman Catholic Institutions in the Archdiocese of Toronto, 1841-90," in Terrence Murphy, and Gerald Stortz, eds, "Creed and Culture: The Place of English-Speaking Catholics in Canadian Society, 1750 – 1930" (1993) pp 152–170

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at the "Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Archbishop Armand-Françios-Marie de Charbonnel, O.F.M. Cap.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nicolson, Murray. "Bishop Charbonnel: The Beggar Bishop and the Origins of Catholic Social Action", CCHA Historical Studies, 52(1985), 51-66

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Armand-François-Marie de Charbonnel". "The Canadian Encyclopedia".

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Armand-François-Marie de Charbonnel

wikipedia_title: Armand-François-Marie de Charbonnel


text:
catcher
Major League Baseball
Cleveland Naps
Brooklyn Tip-Tops
Federal League

wikipedia_title:
Catcher
Major League Baseball
Cleveland Indians
Brooklyn Tip-Tops
Federal League

categories: Chicago Cubs coaches,Cleveland Naps players,1884 births,Major League Baseball catchers,Toledo Mud Hens players,Baseball players from Kentucky,Paducah Indians players,People from Frankfort, Kentucky,Cincinnati Reds coaches,Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players,Brooklyn Tip-Tops players,Seattle Rainiers players,St. Paul Saints (AA) players,1958 deaths

paragraph: Grover Land

paragraph: Grover Cleveland Land (September 22, 1884 – July 22, 1958) was a catcher in Major League Baseball. From 1908 through 1913 he played in 95 games for the Cleveland Naps almost exclusively as a backup catcher. In 1914 and 1915 he was the primary catcher for the Brooklyn Tip-Tops of the Federal League.

description: Major League Baseball catcher

wikidata_label: Grover Land

wikipedia_title: Grover Land


text: right fielder

text: second baseman

text: Major League Baseball

text: National Association

text: National League

text: slide

text: Port Hope, Ontario

text: Rockford Forest Citys

text: Philadelphia White Stockings

text: player-manager

text: Boston Red Stockings

text: hitting

text: on-base percentage

text: Boston Red Stockings

text: Hartford Dark Blues

text: playing

text: stolen base

text: umpire

text: National League

text: Chicago White Stockings

text: Lip Pike

text: Cap Anson

text: Pocatello, Idaho

categories: 1845 births,Boston Red Stockings players,Cincinnati Reds (1876–1880) managers,Rockford Forest Citys (NABBP) players,Major League Baseball right fielders,Hartford Dark Blues players,Chicago White Stockings players,Baseball players from New York (state),Cincinnati Reds (1876–80) players,Philadelphia White Stockings players,19th-century baseball players,Major League Baseball player-managers,Philadelphia White Stockings managers,19th-century baseball umpires,Major League Baseball second basemen,Sportspeople from Rochester, New York,Rockford Forest Citys players

paragraph: Bob Addy

paragraph: Robert Edward "Bob" Addy (February 1845 – April 9, 1910), nicknamed "The Magnet", was an American right fielder and second baseman in Major League Baseball, whose professional career spanned from in the National Association to in the National League. He is credited as the first player to introduce the slide in an organized game, and later attempted to create a game of baseball that would have been played on ice.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born in Port Hope, Ontario, he is credited with employing the first slide in an organized baseball game, while playing for the 1866 Rockford Forest Citys of the National Association of Base Ball Players. He was still playing for the Forrest Citys in 1869, and was with them two years later when Rockford joined the first all-professional league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players.

paragraph: Rockford lasted just the one season in the Association, and Addy did not rejoin the league until when he joined the Philadelphia White Stockings. He played in ten games as player-manager, before moving on and joining the Boston Red Stockings later in the season. He helped the Red Stockings win the league title that year, playing in right field, hitting .355, and finished ninth in the league with a .354 on-base percentage. On January 20, 1874, the National Association's Judiciary Committee met to discuss, among other things, charges that Addy had joined the Boston Red Stockings before 60 days had elapsed since leaving the Philadelphia club. He was acquitted of the charge and was allowed to play.

paragraph: He did not play for the Red Stockings in 1874, as he signed to play for the Hartford Dark Blues, but his batting declined to .239, and his on-base percentage dropped to .243. For the season, he re-joined the Philadelphia White Stockings, playing in a career high 69 games. He batted .258, and finished ninth in the league with 16 stolen bases. For one game on October 28, 1875, Addy was used as a National Association umpire.

paragraph: At season's end, the Association folded and was replaced by National League, and Addy joined the Chicago White Stockings. Chicago won the league title that season, with Addy playing 32 games, and hitting .282. Addy moved to his second Major League team in two years, and sixth team in seven years, when he joined the Cincinnati Reds, playing every day in right field, and later took over as the team's manager after Lip Pike quit the position.

paragraph: Section::::Post-career.

paragraph: In a 1900 book, Cap Anson described Addy's playing style, writing, "Bob Addy, who was one of the best of the lot, was a good, hard hustling player, a good base runner and a hard hitter. He was as honest as the day is long... He was an odd sort of a genius and quit the game because he thought he could do better at something else."

paragraph: Addy later made an unsuccessful attempt to popularize baseball played on ice. He died at the age of 65 in Pocatello, Idaho, and is interred at Mountain View Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball player–managers

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: Utah State History/Utah Historical Quarterly: "Addy, Bob, baseball player, 52: 154–55"

description: Major League Baseball player, manager

wikidata_label: Bob Addy

wikipedia_title: Bob Addy


text:
Buenos Aires
butterfly
swimmer
Argentina
Rio de Janeiro
Mark Spitz

wikipedia_title:
Buenos Aires
Butterfly stroke
Swimming (sport)
Argentina
Rio de Janeiro
Mark Spitz

categories: Swimmers at the 1967 Pan American Games,Pan American Games medalists in swimming,Swimmers at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Swimmers at the 1960 Summer Olympics,Argentine male swimmers,1944 births,Former world record holders in swimming,Swimmers at the 1968 Summer Olympics,Swimmers at the 1963 Pan American Games,Male butterfly swimmers,Pan American Games bronze medalists for Argentina,Olympic swimmers of Argentina,Living people,Sportspeople from Buenos Aires,Pan American Games silver medalists for Argentina

paragraph: Luis Nicolao

paragraph: Luis Alberto Nicolao (born June 28, 1944 in Buenos Aires) is a retired butterfly swimmer from Argentina, who in 1962 twice broke the world record in the men's 100 metres butterfly (long course). Trained and coached by the winningest Argentinean coach "Profe" Alberto Carranza, Nicolao and Carranza traveled to Rio with great help from a long time Carranza's friend "Pepe" Caraballo and made possible the trip, when Nicolao went too fast in the first 50 meters for the first attempt Carranza knew that the return 50 was not going to be as fast as expected so even though the record was broken at 58'4 (Fred Schmidt)Carranza knew that Nico could go even faster if the first 50's were more measured so he went back to Pepe Caraballo and others to assist and support their stay in Rio for a couple more days in order to try a second time this resulting in a much better race and the record lowered to 57' flat. The first attempt on April 24, 1962 in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil salt water Guanabara pool, Nicolao clocked 58.4. Three days later he raised the standard to 57.0. Five years after that performance US swimming ace Mark Spitz broke Nicolao's top time.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Red Argentina Profile

description: Argentine swimmer

wikidata_label: Luis Nicolao

wikipedia_title: Luis Nicolao


text: American

text: discus

text: 1972 Summer Olympics

text: 1976 Summer Olympics

text: 1975 Pan American Games

text: AAU

text: shot put

text: Brigham Young University

categories: Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States,1937 births,Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field,Living people,Utah State University alumni,Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics,American male discus throwers,People from Tremonton, Utah,American masters athletes,Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field),Olympic track and field athletes of the United States,Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics,Former world record holders in athletics (track and field),Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Athletes (track and field) at the 1975 Pan American Games,Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics

paragraph: Jay Silvester

paragraph: L Jay Silvester (born August 27, 1937) is an American retired athlete who mainly competed in the discus throw. In this event he finished in fourth, fifth, second and eighth place at the 1964, 1968, 1972 Summer Olympics and 1976 Summer Olympics, respectively, and won a bronze medal at the 1975 Pan American Games. During his long career, Silvester won five AAU discus titles and set four world records, two in 1961 and two in 1968. His personal bests were 70.38 m in the discus (1971, unofficial world record) and 20.01 m in the shot put. After retirement he worked as professor of physical education at Brigham Young University.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Masters T&F Discus Throw All-Time Rankings

description: athletics competitor

wikidata_label: Jay Silvester

wikipedia_title: Jay Silvester


text: Winnipeg

text: Manitoba

text: tinsmith

text: Calgary

text: A. G. B. Bannatyne

text: CPR

text: Saint Boniface

text: Winnipeg

text: Western Canada

text: T. Eaton Co.

text: William Sanford Evans

text: Exchange District

text: George Ashdown

text: Morden

text: Legislative Assembly of Manitoba

text: J.H. Ashdown Warehouse

text: TIMELINKS

categories: Mayors of Winnipeg,Businesspeople from Winnipeg,1844 births,1924 deaths

paragraph: James Henry Ashdown

paragraph: James Henry Ashdown (31 March 1844 – 5 April 1924), the "Merchant Prince of Winnipeg", arrived in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, in 1868 and at that time began his business as a tinsmith. In 1870 he purchased two lots on the corner of Main Street and Bannatyne Avenue, the location of the Ashdown retail store for over one hundred years. Ashdown’s successful real estate speculation, combined with his business acumen, made him a millionaire by 1910.

paragraph: By 1875, business had expanded into both retail and wholesale operations until in 1881 his worth was over $150,000. He established branch stores in Portage la Prairie and Emerson, Manitoba and employed over seventy-five people and later opened a store in Calgary in 1889. He settled in the then affluent part of Winnipeg known as Point Douglas, along with W. G. Fonseca, Robert & Stewart Mulvey and Dr. Schultz.

paragraph: He was elected to the Winnipeg Board of Trade in 1879 along with president A. G. B. Bannatyne, W,H. Lyon, vice-pres., and D. H. McMillan.

paragraph: He was active in a number of projects in the expansion of the city. The construction of the CPR railroad, as the main intercontinent mode of transporting goods across country, prompted Ashdown in 1878 to propose that the city offer a bonus of $300,000 toward the construction of a bridge across the Red River from Saint Boniface and to build the desired railway to the western boundary of the province. The Manitoba and South Western Railway co. was created to carry out this proposal and to guarantee that the Dominion Government change the route of the Pacific Railway from Winnipeg westward.

paragraph: In 1897, Winnipeg wholesalers won a major concession, thanks in part to Ashdown's efforts as chairman of the Freight Rates Committee, to introduce a "Traders Tariff" that ensured that they paid freight charges no greater than those paid by eastern companies.

paragraph: In 1900, Ashdown sent a whole train through the west loaded with 800 tons of building material and general hardware, with each car labelled, "Hardware from J.H. Ashdown". This spectacular stunt raised the interest of eastern Canadian as well as American companies to the commercial opportunities in Western Canada.

paragraph: In 1904, the J.H. Ashdown store in Winnipeg burned down and was immediately replaced with a new one that was considered to be the finest hardware store in Canada. Not to be outdone, the T. Eaton Co. of Toronto opened its first store in Winnipeg, in July 1905, comprising of floor space and employing eight hundred people.

paragraph: In 1907, Ashdown was elected mayor of Winnipeg and served for two years before being defeated by William Sanford Evans. Winnipeg was hit by a recession in 1907, as an indirect consequence of the Wall Street panic in that year, with construction hardest hit during that period. Ashdown travelled to Montreal, New York and London with hopes of selling bonds in order to pay off large loans from the banks but was unsuccessful. Various developments within the city such as the Louise Bridge construction, a gas plant and a hydro-electric plant at Pointe de Bois would have to be postponed until better times.

paragraph: Throughout the years Ashdown’s Warehouse supplied every conceivable kind of merchandise, including its own "Diamond A Brand" goods. In the 1990s, the warehouse was among the first structure in the Exchange District to undergo conversion to residential use.

paragraph: James H. Ashdown died in 1924, but the firm remained a family business until it was sold in 1971. His brother George Ashdown was also a politician, who served as mayor of Morden and in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography at "the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online"

paragraph: BULLET::::- J.H. Ashdown Warehouse at www.virtual.heritagewinnipeg.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- TIMELINKS at timelinks.merlin.mb.ca

paragraph: BULLET::::- Manitoba Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport - Historic Resources at www.gov.mb.ca

description: Canadian politician and businessman

wikidata_label: James Henry Ashdown

wikipedia_title: James Henry Ashdown


text:
Voivode
Prince
Wallachia
Scarlat Ghica

categories: Romanian people of Albanian descent,Ghica family,Rulers of Wallachia,Year of birth unknown,Year of death unknown

paragraph: Alexandru Ghica

paragraph: Alexandru Scarlat Ghica was Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia from December 1766 to October 1768. He succeeded Scarlat Ghica.

description: Prince of Wallachia

wikidata_label: Alexandru Ghica

wikipedia_title: Alexandru Ghica


text: Niscemi

text: Italy

text: Mayday (film 2019)

text: Badsville

text: Maverick Movie Awards

text: web series

text: Capurso

text: web series

text: Mayday (film 2019)

text: Badsville

text: April Mullen

text: Volvo

text: Olam

text: Belmond

text: Tre Manchester

text: Belmond

text: Belmond

text: Tre Manchester

text: Ipsos

text: Checking in with Simone Cilio by James McQuiston

text: Badsville on Deadline.com

text: Interview on Colonnesonore.net

categories: Living people,Italian film score composers,Italian male composers,Male film score composers

paragraph: Simone Cilio

paragraph: Simone Antonio Cilio (born 4 September 1992) is an Italian film composer best known for his film scores.

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Simone Cilio was born in Niscemi, Italy. In his early career, he worked on the feature films Mayday (film 2019) and Badsville; his score was nominated as Best Original Score at the Maverick Movie Awards.

paragraph: Section::::Filmography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Next To Me (short film) – directed by Sara Mignogna

paragraph: BULLET::::- How to kill my boyfriend (short film) – directed by

paragraph: BULLET::::- Avenge my eyes (short film) – directed by Alex Kaplan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cinema Cafe (web series) – directed by Paolo Brancati

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Grande Festa – Capurso (documentary) – directed by Antony Pepe

paragraph: BULLET::::- L'Evento – directed by Lorenzo D'Amelio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nella tasca del cappotto (short film) – directed by Marco Di Gerlando

paragraph: BULLET::::- The War at Home (short film) – August Dannehl

paragraph: BULLET::::- One Night Only (short film) – directed by Brendan Elmore

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wrong Way (web series) – directed by Ninni Palma

paragraph: BULLET::::- La proposta (short film) – directed by Mirko Salciarini

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bastard! (short film) – directed by John Gallegos

paragraph: BULLET::::- Punctum (short film) – directed by Michael Gaddini

paragraph: BULLET::::- – directed by Mauro Russo Rouge

paragraph: BULLET::::- Il ricordo di una lacrima – directed by Mario Santocchio

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Last One – directed by Lee Thongkham (additional music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tears in the dust – directed by Steve Call (additional music)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Miracle Archives (short film) – directed by Victor Olea

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ladies First (short film) – directed by Matthew Staggles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chroma Heist (short film) – directed by Charlene Jeter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bad Dreams (short film) – directed by Alessandro Wingfield

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chloe (short film) – directed by Kat Pan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Making Magic (short film) – directed by Hajar Naim

paragraph: BULLET::::- – directed by Richard Ryan

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skulls – directed by Nicholas Winter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Space Dogs – The Movie – directed by Matt Greenhalgh

paragraph: BULLET::::- One Step Beyond (documentary) – directed by Frank Tierens

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Forza della Fragilità (documentary) – directed by Maurizio Rigatti

paragraph: BULLET::::- (TV series) – directed by Roberto D'Antona

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Border (short film) – directed by Norman Tamkivi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Voice Of Grace (short film) – directed by Laurel Ripley

paragraph: BULLET::::- A girl and her Gun (short film) – directed by Paul Holbrook and Samuel Dawe

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brothers (short film) – directed by Magdalena Zielinska

paragraph: BULLET::::- Discrete Indiscretion (short film) – directed by Charlene Jeter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Il Naso Rosso (short film) – directed by Simone D'Angelo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Maximus Invictus (short film) – directed by Marie-Joseph Vijay, Maxime Cailiau, Alpha Omar Diallo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Khoj – directed by Arka Ganguly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Coincidence Theory – directed by Carly Street

paragraph: BULLET::::- A Suíte Epifânica de Luiza - directed by Elvis DelBagno

paragraph: BULLET::::- Love Espionage - Spy Revenge - directed by Charlene Jeter

paragraph: BULLET::::- Losing Life (short film) - directed by Musab Alamri

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mayday (film 2019) - directed by Massimiliano Cerchi

paragraph: BULLET::::- And Now a Word From a Gamer (feature documentary) - directed by Steve Wollett

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Last Signal (feature documentary) - directed by Kyle Olson

paragraph: BULLET::::- Skin Creepers - directed by Ezra Tsegaye

paragraph: BULLET::::- Klippers - directed by Ofu Obekpa

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Boy (short film) - directed by Norman Tamkivi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Devil 13 (short film) - directed by Robert Bryce Milburn

paragraph: BULLET::::- Badsville – directed by April Mullen

paragraph: BULLET::::- -M- – directed by Lorenzo D'Amelio

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Rover – directed by Tom Connors

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volvo Corporate Film - directed by Line Up Communications

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lockdown - directed by Massimiliano Cerchi

paragraph: BULLET::::- Olam Cocoa 2018 (corporate film) - director by The Herd Represented

paragraph: BULLET::::- Belmond Grand Tour 2018 (corporate films) - directed by The Herd Represented

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stan The Man - directed by Brandon Amelotte

paragraph: BULLET::::- I Futurieri (short film) - directed by Simone D'Angelo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bleed American (feature film) - directed by Tre Manchester

paragraph: BULLET::::- Belmond - Castello di Casole (Corporate film) - directed by The Herd Represented

paragraph: BULLET::::- Belmond - Otto Galeng (Corporate Film) - directed by The Herd Represented

paragraph: BULLET::::- Their War (short film) - directed by Max Mason

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lockly (commercial) - directed by John Agcaoili

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dagli Occhi Dell'Amore - directed by Adelmo Togliani

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Hayfield Hauntings (TV Series) - directed by Tre Manchester

paragraph: BULLET::::- K.R.A.P. (short film) - directed by Brynn Chamblee & Hayley Holmes

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ipsos Creative Excellence (corporate film) - directed by LineUp Communications

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Checking in with Simone Cilio by James McQuiston

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soundtrack review for The Miracle Archives by Mihnea Manduteanu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Badsville on Deadline.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview on Colonnesonore.net

description: Italian Film composer

wikidata_label: Simone Cilio

wikipedia_title: Simone Cilio


text:
Qatar
javelin throw
2016 Summer Olympics
men's javelin throw

categories: Male javelin throwers,Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics,Asian Games competitors for Qatar,Olympic athletes of Qatar,1996 births,Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Asian Games,Qatari male athletes,Living people

paragraph: Ahmed Bader Magour

paragraph: Ahmed Bader Magour (born March 3, 1996) is a Qatari javelin thrower. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's javelin throw; his result of 77.19 meters in the qualifying round did not qualify him for the final.

paragraph: Section::::Seasonal bests by year.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015 - 77.88

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 - 84.74

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2017 - 85.23

wikidata_label: Ahmed Bader Magour

wikipedia_title: Ahmed Bader Magour


text:
Soignies
Guillaume Dufay
Gilles Binchois
Johannes Regis
Bodleian Library

categories: People from Soignies,Renaissance composers,1400s births,1465 deaths,Year of birth uncertain,Male classical composers

paragraph: Guillaume Malbecque

paragraph: Guillaume Malbecque ( 1400Soignies, 29 August 1465) was a Flemish composer.

paragraph: Malbecque may indicate his place of birth. He was an associate of Guillaume Dufay at Cambrai, a former singer in the papal chapel, and in his last years together with Gilles Binchois and Johannes Regis at Soignies.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Surviving works in the Bodleian Library manuscript include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Adieu vous di, mes seigneurs et amis"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Quant de la belle me parti"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dieu vous doinst bon jour"

description: Flemish composer

wikidata_label: Guillaume Malbecque

wikipedia_title: Guillaume Malbecque


text:
Tampere
Finland
ice hockey
defenceman
2009–10
Tappara
Lempäälän Kisa
Pelicans
Lahti
2013–14 playoffs
HIFK
2014–15 season
Liiga
JYP Jyväskylä
2015–16 season

categories: Ilves players,Sportspeople from Tampere,Lempäälän Kisa players,Tappara players,Finnish ice hockey players,1983 births,Living people,Lahti Pelicans players

paragraph: Juha Leimu

paragraph: Juha Leimu (born January 30, 1983 in Tampere, Finland) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey defenceman.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: Leimu made his SM-liiga debut in 2009–10 when he was offered an eight-game trial period with Tappara having spent the start of the season in Lempäälän Kisa. After the tryout his contract was extended for the rest of the season.

paragraph: After his contract with Tappara expired, Pelicans signed Leimu to a two-year contract on April 26, 2013. During his opening season in Lahti Leimu led all Pelicans defencemen in goals scored with 10. In the 2013–14 playoffs Leimu scored the overtime goal in Game 2 that eliminated HIFK in the opening round.

paragraph: Prior the 2014–15 season Leimu was named the team captain. Leimu was sidelined on multiple occasions during the season due to injuries and recorded 16 points in 40 games. On November 20, 2014 he signed a two-year contract extension with Pelicans.

paragraph: Leimu holds the Liiga record for the fastest hat-trick after scoring three power-play goals in just 44 seconds in a 5–6 overtime loss against JYP Jyväskylä on December 15, 2015. Leimu's 16 goals in 2015–16 season were a league high for defensemen.

description: Finnish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Juha Leimu

wikipedia_title: Juha Leimu


text:
Kufstein
Munich
World War II
soldier
Gulag
Chukchi Peninsula
Siberia
film
Kufstein
Tyrol
Munich
Second World War
Soviet Army
Wehrmacht
registration office
publishing house
Soviet
Bayerischer Rundfunk
prisoner of war camp
Cape Dezhnev
Far East
Siberia
Red Cross
Moscow
Nevsky Prospekt
Saint Petersburg
Heinz Weiss
As Far as My Feet Will Carry Me
Russian
Sławomir Rawicz
1959 series at IMDB
2001 Movie at IMDB

categories: German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union,German escapees,1983 deaths,1919 births

paragraph: Cornelius Rost

paragraph: Cornelius Rost (27 March 1919, Kufstein, Austria – 18 October 1983, Munich, Germany) was a German World War II soldier who escaped from a Soviet Gulag camp in Chukchi Peninsula, Siberia. The experiences he described were the basis for a book, a television series, and a film.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Rost was born on 27 March 1919 in Kufstein, Tyrol, Austria. He was living in Munich when the Second World War broke out, and during the war, he was captured by the Soviet Army. By his own admission, made in 1942, he held the rank of private, although Clemens Forell, his alias in his novel, was depicted as a Wehrmacht officer.

paragraph: According to the Munich registration office, Rost returned from war imprisonment in Russia on 28 October 1947. In 1953, he started working in the in-house printing division of the Franz Ehrenwirth publishing house in Munich. He ruined numerous book covers because he had been made color blind in Soviet lead mines, where he was forced to work during his imprisonment. Ehrenwirth sought an explanation for this and thus learned about Rost's war experiences. Sensing a good story, Ehrenwirth asked Rost to write down his recollections. Rost's script was of very poor quality, but Ehrenwirth was keen on the story and hired professional writer Josef Martin Bauer to get the material into shape.

paragraph: Section::::Book.

paragraph: Fearing a possible backlash by the post-war Allied authorities, Rost agreed to an oral interview only after being granted the use of the alias Clemens Forell. Bauer then processed the eight hours of taped material into his famous 1955 novel "So weit die Füße tragen" ("As far as my feet will carry me").

paragraph: In the 1960s, Rost used some of his recollections in his own paperback, "Unternehmen Konterbande" ("Mission Contraband"), but it was never printed or published. Bauer’s novel, however, was translated into at least 15 languages and is still being re-published.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Rost died on 18 October 1983 and was interred at Munich's Central Cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::True identity.

paragraph: Almost 20 years after Rost's death, Ehrenwirth's son Martin revealed Rost's true identity to radio journalist Arthur Dittlmann, who researched the life of Bauer for a radio feature-documentary for the author's 100th birthday anniversary.

paragraph: Section::::Doubts of the authenticity of Rost's claims.

paragraph: Comprehensive researches, condensed in 2010 into a three-hour radio feature by radio journalist Arthur Dittlmann for the Bayerischer Rundfunk (Bavarian Broadcasting Company), left serious doubts about the authenticity of the events told in Rost's original story. For example, no prisoner of war camp existed at Cape Dezhnev in the Far East of Siberia at the time claimed in the book; Rost was not a Wehrmacht officer as depicted in the story;

paragraph: the German Red Cross, with headquarters in Munich, never received any inquiry about his whereabouts, which is unusual for a ten-year imprisonment; and Rost had been released from a Soviet prisoner of war camp on 28 October 1947, about two years before his alleged escape in 1949–1952, which he therefore could not have accomplished. Additional errors include the main street in Moscow, along which he and his captured comrades were driven at the beginning of the novel, was named by Rost as Nevsky Prospekt, which is actually located in Saint Petersburg. As a result, Bauer, as the author of the book, is now blamed for not having critically cross-checked such unreliable details in Rost's story.

paragraph: Section::::Adaptations.

paragraph: In 1959, Rost's story was the subject of a six-part television adaption, starring the German character actor Heinz Weiss. When it was first aired, it quickly became Germany's first television blockbuster. In 2001, it was remade as the film "As Far as My Feet Will Carry Me", starring Bernhard Bettermann as Forell. Added to the story was a duel between Forell and a Soviet officer who was chasing him, ending in a showdown on a bridge on the Soviet-Iranian border. Many scenes feature characters speaking Russian and other foreign languages, without any subtitles; the intention was to convey to German and other non-Russian viewers the feeling of helplessness experienced by the protagonist with his limited knowledge of Russian.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sławomir Rawicz

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 series at IMDB

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2001 Movie at IMDB

description: German soldier

wikidata_label: Cornelius Rost

wikipedia_title: Cornelius Rost


text:
King of Majorca
Count of Roussillon
Cerdanya
Lord of Montpellier
James II
James III
James II
Esclaramunda of Foix
Pina, Mallorca
Kingdom of Majorca
kings of Aragon
Alfonso III of Aragon
James
Treaty of Anagni
James II of Aragon
Balearic islands
James
heir apparent
Ferdinand
proxy marriage
Maria
Charles II of Naples
Sancha
Robert
House of Barcelona
Sicily
Capetian House of Anjou
Kingdom of Naples
Blanche
Eleanor
Frederick III of Sicily
asthma
Valldemossa
Valldemossa Charterhouse
partridge
anti-poaching
Palma de Mallorca
Corts
maritime republics
Genoa
Venice
Cathedral of Perpignan
Philip
James
Ferdinand
Charles IV of France
Formiguères

categories: Counts of Roussillon,House of Aragon,Deaths from asthma,Counts of Cerdanya,Lords of Montpellier,1274 births,Monarchs of Majorca,1324 deaths

paragraph: Sancho of Majorca

paragraph: Sancho (; 1274 – 4 September 1324), called the Pacific or the Peaceful, was King of Majorca, Count of Roussillon and Cerdanya, and Lord of Montpellier from 1311 to his death. His 13-year-long reign was markedly undisturbed by turmoil, which earned him his epithets, and is thus often contrasted to the troublesome reigns of his father, James II, and nephew, James III, his predecessor and successor respectively.

paragraph: Section::::Youth.

paragraph: Sancho was one of five children and the second son of James II and Esclaramunda of Foix. He was born in Pina, Mallorca around 1274. His father ruled the Kingdom of Majorca and adjacent fiefs under the suzerainty of his brother and afterwards nephews, the kings of Aragon. James's attempts to free himself of this vassalage led to his deposition by his nephew, King Alfonso III of Aragon, in 1286. Sancho, his mother and his elder brother, James, were taken captives by their cousin. The Queen was released but the brothers were kept in close confinement for several years, sometimes in irons. The Treaty of Anagni in 1295 secured their release by King James II of Aragon as well as the return of the Balearic islands to their father. Following the release, the princes were sent to the French royal court in Paris for education.

paragraph: Sancho's family was noted for its religious zeal. When in 1299 his elder brother, James, renounced his right to the throne to become a Franciscan, Sancho became heir apparent to his father's dominions. He was officially recognized as such in 1302 despite his poor health, for the alternative was his younger brother Ferdinand, with whom their father was at odds.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: A proxy marriage with Maria, daughter of King Charles II of Naples, took place in September 1304, only three months after Sancho's sister Sancha married Maria's brother Robert. Sancho and Maria married in person five years later. The unions were part of a large-scale effort to achieve peace between the House of Barcelona, which ruled the kingdoms of Aragon, Majorca and Sicily, and the Capetian House of Anjou, which ruled the Kingdom of Naples. Sancho's union with Maria was suggested by his cousin James II of Aragon, who was already married to Maria's sister Blanche. Yet another sister-in-law of Sancho, Eleanor, married his cousin (James II of Aragon's brother) Frederick III of Sicily.

paragraph: Sancho was of delicate constitution and prone to asthma, prompting him to spend much of his time enjoying fresh air in the uplands. He thus established his residence in Valldemossa; the Valldemossa Charterhouse was later built on the site of Sancho's palace. The King also loved sports; he introduced partridges to the islands and passed severe anti-poaching laws. Pious but nevertheless notoriously lecherous, Sancho had three mistresses and at least four illegitimate daughters and an illegitimate son who entered a religious order.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: Sancho became king upon James II's death on 29 May 1311. In his early reign, Sancho struggled to continue his father's policy of stabilising the kingdom, but the major city of the realm, Palma de Mallorca, fought for autonomy. The relations with Aragon were for the most part cordial throughout his reign. He was quick to answer James II of Aragon's call to Corts and assist him in the conquest of Sardinia. At the Corts, he swore fealty to his cousin in full view of the assembled legislators, which assured James so much that he absolved Sancho from obligations to attend his future Corts.

paragraph: Sancho extorted money from the realm's Jewish population in order to build a powerful navy that would rival that of the maritime republics of Genoa and Venice, but his grandiose plans came to nothing. The King's attitude towards his Jewish subjects changed throughout his reign. He was infuriated in 1315 by the scandalous conversion of two German Christians to Judaism on the island, and responded by severely fining the Jews and confiscating all their property, including the synagogue. He also deprived them of all "privileges, liberties and immunities" granted by himself and his predecessors. He later allowed Jews to build a new synagogue, for which they had no resources, and in 1323 rewarded them financially for helping the royal treasury and for helping the construction of the Cathedral of Perpignan.

paragraph: Section::::Succession issues and death.

paragraph: King Sancho's marriage was childless, which proved problematic in terms of succession. James II of Aragon claimed that the crown should revert to him if Sancho were to die leaving no legitimate issue, but Sancho himself was eager to prevent that. The elder of his two brothers, Ferdinand, had predeceased him; the younger, Philip, had also chosen an ecclesiastical career. Ferdinand, however, had left two sons, James and Ferdinand, and in 1322 Sancho devised a will detailing the line of succession: should Sancho have no legitimate children, the crown was to pass to James, then to the younger Ferdinand, and only if both boys were to die childless to the King of Aragon. He then proceeded to prepare the realm for his underage nephew's accession by establishing a regency council consisting of six people, three from the Kingdom of Majorca and three from the counties of Roussillon and Cerdagne. War almost broke out with the enraged King of Aragon, but Sancho had the support of King Charles IV of France.

paragraph: In the summer of 1324, the asthmatic Sancho sought to escape the heat of his kingdom by spending the season in Formiguères. The precaution was futile, however. He died of an asthma attack on 4 September 1324. His nephew, James III, succeeded him. The arrival of Sancho's funeral procession on 11 September caused a tumult in Perpignan, with the townspeople attacking the nobles who accompanied his corpse and seizing the King's remains. They are interred in the newly built Cathedral of Perpignan, which Sancho himself had chosen for his burial.

description: King of Majorca

wikidata_label: Sancho of Majorca

wikipedia_title: Sancho of Majorca


text:
Japanese
Heian period
Emperor Reizei
Emperor En'yū
Tengyō
udaijin
Tenryaku
sadaijin
Morosuke
daijō-daijin
Fujiwara no Tadahira
Tentoku
Ōwa
Emperor Reizei
Kōhō
Emperor Reizei
Anna
sesshō
Tenroku
Fujiwara clan
Fujiwara no Tadahira
Morosuke
Morotada
Brinkley, Frank
Dairoku Kikuchi
OCLC 413099
"Japan encyclopedia."
Harvard University Press
OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac.
Nihon Odai Ichiran
"Annales des empereurs du Japon."
OCLC 5850691

paragraph: Fujiwara no Saneyori

paragraph: , also known as "Onomiya-dono", was a Japanese statesman, courtier and politician during the Heian period.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was a minister during the reigns of Emperor Reizei and Emperor En'yū.

paragraph: BULLET::::- May 4, 944 ("Tengyō 7, 9th day of the 4th month"): Saneyori was elevated to the position of "udaijin" in the Imperial court hierarchy.

paragraph: BULLET::::- May 19, 947 ("Tenryaku" 1, 26th day of the 4th month"): Saneyori is promoted to the positions of "sadaijin" and grand general of the left.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 949 ("Tenryaku" 3, 1st month"): Saneyori and his brother Morosuke shared the duties of "daijō-daijin" during a period of Fujiwara no Tadahira's ill-health.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 958 ("Tentoku" 2, 3rd month"): Saneyori was granted special permission to travel in a wheeled vehicle.

paragraph: BULLET::::- March 26, 963 ("Ōwa" 3, 28th day of the 2nd month"): Saneyori presided at the coming of age ceremonies for Norihira-shinnō (憲平親王) who would later become Emperor Reizei.

paragraph: BULLET::::- July 31, 967 ("Kōhō 4, 22nd day of the 6th month"): Saneyori began serving as "kampaku" when Emperor Reizei assumed the throne in 967.

paragraph: BULLET::::- September 27, 969 ("Anna 2, 13th day of the 8th month"): Saneyori was appointed "sesshō" (regent).

paragraph: BULLET::::- June 24, 970 ("Tenroku 1, 18th day of the 5th month"): Saneyori died at age 70; and he was posthumously elevated to the first class in rank.

paragraph: After his death, Saneyori's nephew Koretada assumed his duties when he was named "sesshō" after his death.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: This member of the Fujiwara clan was the son of Fujiwara no Tadahira. Saneyori was the eldest son. He had two brothers: Morosuke and Morotada.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). "A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era." New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan encyclopedia." Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128

paragraph: BULLET::::- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Nihon Odai Ichiran"; ou, "Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

description: Japanese noble

wikidata_label: Fujiwara no Saneyori

wikipedia_title: Fujiwara no Saneyori


text:
22nd Dynasty
Osorkon I
Maatkare
Psusennes II
High Priest of Amun
Thebes
Upper Egypt
Shoshenq II
Kenneth Kitchen
Amenmes
Thutmose I
Karomama Meritmut
Kenneth Kitchen
Harsiese A
Shoshenq II
Tanis
Shoshenq I
Harsiese A
Shoshenq I
Ma
Karl Jansen-Winkeln
Jürgen von Beckerath

categories: People of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt,Theban High Priests of Amun,10th-century BC clergy

paragraph: Shoshenq C

paragraph: Shoshenq C was the eldest son of the 22nd Dynasty pharaoh Osorkon I and queen Maatkare, the daughter of Psusennes II, and served as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes during his father's reign. Consequently, he was the most important official in Upper Egypt after the king himself. He has generally been equated with Heqakheperre Shoshenq II by the English Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen and viewed as a short-lived co-regent to his father based on the Nile God British Museum statue 8 which identifies him as the son of Osorkon I and Queen Maatkare, daughter of Hor-Psusennes but this assumption is unproven. In the statue, Shoshenq C is called "the Master of the Two Lands" and the formula "beloved of Amun" is enclosed within a royal cartouche. However, in the text of the statue, he is not given a specific throne name or prenomen, the use of a cartouche by a royal prince is attested in other periods of Egyptian history such as that of Amenmes, son of Thutmose I, and the documents depicts Shoshenq C as a simple High Priest of Amun on the side of the legs of the Nile God, rather than a king.

paragraph: In addition, none of Shoshenq C's three wives used the title "King's Wife" in any of their artifacts. More significantly, none of his 3 children ever gave their father a royal title on their own funerary objects such as a Priest Osorkon whose funerary papyri is now in the St Petersburg Museum, or the God's Wife Karomama Meritmut. Finally, as Helen Jacquet-Gordon perceptively notes in her Bi Or 32(1975) Book Review of Kenneth Kitchen's TIPE book, Shoshenq C's third child—the Priest (and future king) Harsiese A does not assign royal titles to his father on a Bes-statue in Durham Museum which he dedicated to his father's memory. Instead, Shoshenq C is only "designated the 1st Prophet of Amun without other [royal] titles." Hence, Jacquet Gordon's observation: if Shoshenq C had even "the slightest pretensions to royal rank, his son [Harsiese] would not have omitted to mention...[this] fact. We must therefore conclude that he (ie: Shoshenq C) had no such pretensions." All this evidence taken together suggest that the High Priest Shoshenq C was not a king in his own right and is not Shoshenq II, whose Royal tomb was found intact in Tanis.

paragraph: As an aside, king Shoshenq II did not include any mementos or objects which mention Osorkon I within his own tomb. This is an improbable situation if he was indeed a son of this king who predeceased—and thus was buried by—his father, Osorkon I. The only other king mentioned by artifacts in Shoshenq II's tomb was Shoshenq I. Other Dynasty 22 kings such as Takelot I, employed funerary goods naming their parents, in their own tombs. The High Priest Shoshenq C was probably succeeded in office by Iuwelot, who was also another son of Osorkon I. Shoshenq C's son, Harsiese, later ruled over Thebes and Middle Egypt as king Harsiese A.

paragraph: There is a high degree of academic uncertainty regarding the parentage of Shoshenq II: some scholars today argue that this mid-50's year old ruler was actually a younger son of Shoshenq I due to the discovery of items naming the founder of the 22nd Dynasty in his royal Tanite tomb such as "a pectoral of the great chief of the Ma Shoshenq A, and a bracelet of Shoshenq I." Karl Jansen-Winkeln concludes thus: "The commonly assumed identification of this king with the (earlier) HP and son of Osorkon I does not appear to be very probable." Other scholars including Jürgen von Beckerath and Norbert Dautzenberg view the High Priest Shoshenq C as an entirely separate ruler who ruled over Thebes and Upper Egypt as king Maatkheperre Shoshenq; this Libyan Pharaoh had statue Cairo CG 42192 rededicated and reinscribed. They consequently distinguish him entirely from king Heqakheperre Shoshenq II at Tanis.

description: Egyptian High Priest of Amun

wikidata_label: Shoshenq C

wikipedia_title: Shoshenq C


text:
American
ornithologist
Kingston, Pennsylvania
California
whaling
bird
Stockton, California
avifauna
Baja California
Belding's yellowthroat
Robert Ridgway
Aspidoscelis hyperythrus beldingi
Leonhard Stejneger
Baja California
anthropology
Dutch
anthropologist
Herman ten Kate
Pericú

categories: American ornithologists,1829 births,1917 deaths,Archaeologists of the Baja California peninsula

paragraph: Lyman Belding

paragraph: Lyman Belding (12 June 1829 - 22 November 1917) was a prominent American ornithologist.

paragraph: He was born to Joshua Belding and Rosetta Cooley Belding on 12 June 1829 at West Farms, Massachusetts, but later moved to Kingston, Pennsylvania when he was about 7 years old and finally to California. He spent many years on whaling ships, but became fascinated by birds after acquiring his first bird book in 1876.

paragraph: By then he retired in Stockton, California and became a foremost authority on the avifauna of California and Baja California. He died on the 22 November 1917 and is buried in Rural Cemetery in Stockton, California.

paragraph: Belding's yellowthroat ("Geothlypis beldingi" ) was named in his honour by Robert Ridgway.

paragraph: Belding's orange-throated whiptail ("Aspidoscelis hyperythrus beldingi" ), a subspecies of lizard, was named in his honour by Leonhard Stejneger.

paragraph: In addition to his work as a self-taught ornithologist, Belding made a contribution to Baja California anthropology. In 1882-1883, he joined with the Dutch anthropologist Herman ten Kate in exploring the Cape Region at the peninsula's southern extremity. In 1885, Belding published an article describing their largely unsuccessful efforts at locating descendants of the region's native Pericú inhabitants and their more successful discoveries of caves containing distinctive secondary, painted burials.

description: American ornithologist

wikidata_label: Lyman Belding

wikipedia_title: Lyman Belding


text:
Emperor Daigo
Kanpyō
"sangi"
Kanpyō
Dainagon
Shōtai
Sadaijin
Sugawara no Michizane
Dazaifu
Kyūshū
Engi
Fujiwara clan
Fujiwara no Mototsune
Fujiwara no Tadahira
Fujiwara no Nakahira
OCLC
WorldCat
Sandai jitsuroku
三代實
Engi shiki
延喜式
Six National Histories
Brinkley, Frank
Dairoku Kikuchi
OCLC 413099
"Japan encyclopedia."
Harvard University Press
OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac.
Nihon Odai Ichiran
"Annales des empereurs du Japon."
OCLC 5850691

categories: Kuge,909 deaths,871 births,People of Heian-period Japan

paragraph: Fujiwara no Tokihira

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Tokihira was a minister under Emperor Daigo.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 891 ("Kanpyō 3, 3rd month"): Tokihira was given a rank which was the equivalent of "sangi".

paragraph: BULLET::::- 897 ("Kanpyō 9, 6th month"): Tokihira was made "Dainagon" with a rank equal to that of a General of the Left.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 899 ("Shōtai 2"): Tokihira was named "Sadaijin"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 900 ("Shōtai 3"): Tokihira accused Sugawara no Michizane of plotting against the emperor. This led to Michizane's exile to the Dazaifu in Kyūshū.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 909 ("Engi 9, 4th month"): Tokihira died at age 39. He was honored with posthumous rank and titles.

paragraph: Section::::Genealogy.

paragraph: This member of the Fujiwara clan was the son of Fujiwara no Mototsune. Tokihira had two brothers: Fujiwara no Tadahira and Fujiwara no Nakahira.

paragraph: Section::::Selected works.

paragraph: In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Fujiwara no Tokahiro, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 35 works in 69 publications in 1 language and 122 library holdings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sandai jitsuroku" (三代實).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Engi shiki" (延喜式).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Six National Histories

paragraph: Section::::References.

description: Japanese statesman

wikidata_label: Fujiwara no Tokihira

wikipedia_title: Fujiwara no Tokihira