text: Lieutenant-General

text: British Army

text: World War I

text: Gallipoli

text: Somme Offensive

text: Scottish Unionist

text: MP

text: "donkey" general

text: Sir Douglas Haig

text: Krithia

text: Wellington College

text: Woolwich

text: Royal Engineers

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text: brevet

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text: Herbert Kitchener

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text: British 29th Division

text: landing at Cape Helles

text: Dardanelles

text: General Hamilton

text: Helles

text: Suvla Bay

text: lack of High Explosive shells

text: Crimea

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text: HMS Eurylaus

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text: HMS “Queen Elizabeth”

text: First Battle of Krithia

text: d’Amade

text: Second Battle of Krithia

text: Clive Wigram

text: New Army

text: 52nd Division

text: Aubrey Herbert

text: VIII Corps

text: Royal Naval Division

text: 42nd Division

text: HMS Majestic

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text: Third Battle of Krithia

text: Allies

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text: Scottish 52nd (Lowland) Division

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text: Ashmead-Bartlett

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text: cinematographer

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text: “Who’s Who”

text: Hunterston

text: British Museum

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text: Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt

text: Landing at Cape Helles

text: Battle of Gallipoli

text: First Battle of Krithia

text: Second Battle of Krithia

text: Third Battle of Krithia

text: Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt

text: First day on the Somme

text: First World War who's who

text: Centre for First World War Studies, Birmingham University

text: Royal Engineers Museum

text: Europeana Collections 1914–1918

text: WESTON, Sir Aylmer Hunter- (1864–1940), Lieutenant General

categories: UK MPs 1918–1922,British Army personnel of the Second Boer War,Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies,UK MPs 1924–1929,1864 births,Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath,UK MPs 1910–1918,UK MPs 1929–1931,1940 deaths,British Army generals of World War I,Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John,Royal Engineers officers,UK MPs 1923–1924,UK MPs 1922–1923,Unionist Party (Scotland) MPs

paragraph: Aylmer Hunter-Weston

paragraph: Lieutenant-General Sir Aylmer Gould Hunter-Weston (23 September 1864 – 18 March 1940) was a British Army general who served in World War I at Gallipoli and in the very early stages of the Somme Offensive. He was also a Scottish Unionist MP.

paragraph: Nicknamed "Hunter-Bunter", Hunter-Weston has been seen as a classic example of a "donkey" general; he was described by his superior Sir Douglas Haig as a "rank amateur", and has been referred to by one modern writer as "one of the Great War's spectacular incompetents". However, another historian writes that although his poor performance at the battles of Krithia earned his reputation "as one of the most brutal and incompetent commanders of the First World War" "in his later battles (at Gallipoli) he seemed to hit upon a formula for success ...(but) these small achievements were largely forgotten".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston was born at Hunterston, West Kilbride, on 23 September 1864, the son of Lieutenant-Colonel John Gould Read Hunter-Weston (1823–1904), and his second wife, who was the daughter and heir of the 25th Laird of Hunterston. He was educated at Wellington College 1875–82 and Woolwich in 1882, then was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1884.

paragraph: Section::::Early military career.

paragraph: He was promoted captain in 1892. He served on the Indian North West Frontier and took part in the Miranzai Expedition of 1891 and was wounded during the Waziristan Expedition of 1894–95. He was promoted to brevet major in 1895.

paragraph: Section::::Egypt and Boer War.

paragraph: He was on General Herbert Kitchener's staff on the Nile Expedition of 1896. He attended Staff College (where he was Master of Staff College Hounds) 1898–9.

paragraph: He later took part in the Second Boer War in South Africa between 1899 and 1902 as a staff officer then as commander of the Mounted Engineers, then of the Royal Engineer Cavalry Division. He then became Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General (DAAG), then Chief of Staff, to Sir John French’s Cavalry Division, then commanded a cavalry column. His mounted engineers cut Boer-controlled roads and railways, and cut the railway near Bloemfontein to prevent the Boers from reinforcing it. In 1900 he was promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel and awarded the DSO. He was described as having "reckless courage combined with technical skill and great coolness in emergency", was mentioned in despatches (including 31 March 1900) and received the Queen's South Africa Medal.

paragraph: He was a general staff officer in the Eastern Command from 1904 to 1908. He married Grace Strang-Steel in 1905. He was promoted colonel in 1908. He was a general staff officer in the Scottish Command from 1908 to 1911. In 1911 he succeeded his mother as the 27th Laird of Hunterston and was made a member of the Order of the Bath. He was Assistant Director of Military Training 1908–11 and his motto was "teach the trainers how to teach before they try to teach the Tommies".

paragraph: In February 1914 he was made GOC of the 11th Infantry Brigade at Colchester, as a brigadier-general.

paragraph: Section::::World War 1.

paragraph: A few weeks after the outbreak of the war in 1914, he led his brigade to France as part of 4th Division on the Western Front, including at the battles of Le Cateau and the Aisne, where he supervised his command from a motorbike (at a time when senior generals used cars and most other officers used horses). He "often appeared in the most surprising places" and his handling of the brigade was "skilful". His was the first British unit to cross the Aisne, on a damaged bridge. His bravery and determination marked him out for promotion.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston was one of the senior officers commanded to write regularly to the King to keep His Majesty informed of military developments. In October 1914 he was promoted major-general.

paragraph: Section::::Gallipoli Campaign.

paragraph: Section::::Gallipoli Campaign.:Planning.

paragraph: When the Battle of Gallipoli commenced in March 1915, Hunter-Weston was promoted to the command of the British 29th Division, which was to make the landing at Cape Helles near the entrance to the Dardanelles.

paragraph: When asked for his advice before the landings, Hunter-Weston cautioned General Hamilton that the Turks had had ample time to turn the peninsula into "an entrenched camp", that Helles was less vulnerable to Turkish attack than Suvla Bay but conversely offered little room for manoeuvre and given Britain's lack of High Explosive shells needed to cover attacks risked an Allied bridgehead being tied up in front of Kilitbahir Plateau and becoming "a second Crimea" which would damage Britain's standing with neutral Greece and Romania. He suggested that given the loss of surprise it might be better to call off the expedition.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston wrote to his wife (7 April) "the odds against us are heavy. However, nothing is impossible". Birdwood also privately wrote the same, and Travers suggests that, as British officers of the era were expected to remain cheerful and optimistic in public, this may have been "a safety outlet" to be pointed to if the operation went wrong.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston, supported by Admiral Robeck, preferred a daylight landing at Helles (Hamilton and Birdwood preferred an attack just before first light – this was used for the ANZAC landing further north, which had been intended to land on the beach at Gaba Tepe).

paragraph: Section::::Gallipoli Campaign.:Landings.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston concentrated on V, W and X Beaches at the tip on the peninsula, less on S and Y beaches (on the east and west coast respectively), which were intended merely to threaten the Turkish retreat. No contingency plan had been made for S or Y beach forces to push ahead if the main forces at V, W and X were held up. Admiral Wemyss and Hunter-Weston spent 25 April on board HMS Eurylaus, the attendant ship at W beach, so were unable to inspect elsewhere – Hunter-Weston and his chief of staff Brigadier-General H. E. Street were on the bridge, where their papers were scattered every five minutes when the ship’s 9.2-inch gun was fired. An angry Roger Keyes recorded that they "were in complete ignorance of what was going on anywhere except at W and possibly at X Beach" and was furious at Hamilton for adhering to Staff College doctrine by not interfering with "the man on the spot" (Hamilton claimed he was dissuaded by Braithwaite, even though he could see that V Beach was in trouble).

paragraph: He diverted the Essex Regiment (part of 88th brigade) from V to W Beach at 0830 hrs. Hunter-Weston’s diary records that "V Beach is still hung up", suggesting that he thought the problems there temporary, although he was dissuaded from landing to take personal command at that beach.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston appears to have little interest in Y Beach during the night of 25–26 April. For ten hours Lt-Col Godfrey Matthews had been signalling to Hunter-Weston, demanding reinforcements of men and ammunition there, but received no reply. Hunter-Weston did not reply to Hamilton’s first offer (9.21am) to make more trawlers available to land more troops at Y Beach, where they had surprise and lack of opposition. After being ordered to reply to the second message (10:00 am) he only did so at 10.35 am after consulting Admiral Wemyss. He was still awaiting reports from V Beach at the time. At 6:00 pm Marshall, the commander at X Beach, asked permission to advance to assist Y Beach, but after a delay of two hours Hunter-Weston ordered him to stay put and advance the following day. He did not mention Y Beach in his diary, and later concealed the evidence about it from Hamilton until July 1915.

paragraph: On the evening of 25 April Hunter-Weston boarded HMS “Queen Elizabeth” to confer with Hamilton, who recorded that he was "cheery, stout-hearted, quite a good tonic and – on the whole – his news is good".

paragraph: After 25 April landings Hunter-Weston thought the bravery of the men at W Beach "a most marvellous feat". When the force at Y Beach had to be evacuated the following morning – a decision taken at the local level – Hamilton assumed that Hunter-Weston had ordered this without consulting him.

paragraph: Robin Prior writes that Hunter-Weston "remained anchored off W beach.. He was out of contact with S and Y, neglected X and seemed determined to avoid any knowledge of V... (he) took no steps to gather information for himself. His one positive move (to shift troops from V to W beach) had nothing to do with the situation at V and only succeeded because the Turkish defence was stretched too thinly." Gordon Corrigan claims – without giving further detail – that his command of the division was "one of the more competent aspects" of the Helles landings and that "his handling of the division, once ashore, was thoroughly competent".

paragraph: Section::::Gallipoli Campaign.:First Krithia.

paragraph: Because the French were taking time to get ashore, on 27 April Hunter-Weston postponed his advance until 4pm, with a view to taking the hill of Achi Baba the following day. The complex wheeling plan had neglected the effect of gullies and ravines on troop movements. Hunter-Weston, in response to a request for information at 3.30pm, reported that there was nothing to justify "alarmist" reports, but that his troops were exhausted, short of ammunition, had suffered too many casualties and were at risk from Turkish counter-attack. He declined Hamilton’s request to attack that day.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston wrote to his wife (27 April) "my men have effected the impossible … we have managed it, we have achieved the impossible!" Having believed that the landing had only a one in four chance of success, he now believed that getting ashore had solved half the problem, and that capturing the hill of Achi Baba would solve three quarters, although he added that this would take some time. There was no time for conferences before the First Battle of Krithia, and the French commander, d’Amade, was confused as to what was expected of him.

paragraph: Progress up from the bridgehead at Helles was severely hampered by lack of artillery: at First Krithia (28 April 1915) only 18 guns were available—a comparable division-sized assault on the Western Front at the time might have had 200—and there was a shortage of mules to pull them forward, and nobody was sure where the Turkish front line actually was.

paragraph: The Turks attacked the French on the nights of 1–2 May and 3–4 May. On 2 May, seeking to exploit the repulse of a Turkish attack the previous night, he launched an attack across the line, despite his troops being tired and short of ammunition – the 86th Brigade, too tired even to attack, stayed completely stationary – Robin Prior writes "no ground was gained by this lamentable episode". Hunter-Weston lent the French, the morale of whose African troops was in difficulties, the Anson Battalion of the Royal Naval Division and some Worcesters. Milward, a British officer, wrote that Hunter-Weston was cheerful and firm with the French. By this time the 29th Division had suffered 4,500 casualties, leaving 6,000 effectives, although the French attacking on the right flank had suffered in similar proportion.

paragraph: Section::::Gallipoli Campaign.:Second Krithia.

paragraph: The Second Battle of Krithia (6–8 May 1915) was probably the last chance to break through at Helles. 105 guns were available, of which probably 75 were used but this was still far fewer than would have been used on the Western Front and there was still a lack of H.E. shells (many guns were 18-pounders firing only shrapnel), mules and knowledge of the Turkish positions, whilst Hunter-Weston's plans were excessively detailed and complex, full of map references and complex wheeling manoeuvres. Hunter-Weston had around 25,000 troops, few of them fresh. Intelligence estimated Turkish numbers at around 15,000–20,000 which was broadly accurate.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston planned a three-pronged assault: 125th Brigade (territorials), part of the newly-arriving 42nd Division, on the left, a composite 88th Brigade in the centre, and the French on the right. Hamilton would have preferred an attack just before dawn, but Hunter-Weston, citing the loss of company officers, did not, and it is unclear that he was wrong. D’Amade agreed and Hamilton deferred to their Western front experience, which he lacked.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston persisted in his attacks on 7 and 8 May. Hunter-Weston issued a warning order to brigadiers at 23.35 on 7 May, but formal orders were not issued on the morning of 8 May until two hours before the attack was due to begin, giving brigadiers little time to locate and confer with battalion commanders.

paragraph: Colonel Wolley Dod, a staff officer of 29th Division, later called Krithia "a mad adventure without the necessary artillery support" and "had some difference of opinion with Hunter-Weston" about using the 125th Brigade again after their initial defeat. In a letter to his wife, Hunter-Weston noted of 125th Brigade that "it was blooded today. It did fairly well, and will do better still as it gets more experience" and that the rattle of musketry "lull(ed) him to sleep". He also informed his wife that Hamilton thought him a great commander, worth a brigade of troops, which he explained to her was 4,000 men (Hamilton indeed thought he had "truly great qualities as a commander" but also that he was tiresome, grasping and talkative). Hunter-Weston also wrote to the King’s adviser Clive Wigram about how detachment was a necessary quality in a commander. On 15 May he commented that 29th Division, whose severe casualties he had just listed, were "glorious fellows".

paragraph: Hunter-Weston (15 May) proposed to break the stalemate by landing six New Army divisions at Enos on the west coast of Thrace. Hunter-Weston was advising Hamilton that another attack could deliver Achi Baba, with no need to wait for 52nd Division, due on 7 June. Aubrey Herbert wrote in his private diary that Hunter-Weston was "more hated than most of the generals".

paragraph: As the campaign proceeded and more reinforcements were dispatched to Helles, on 24 May he was promoted to acting lieutenant-general and placed in command of VIII Corps (29th Division, the Royal Naval Division, 42nd Division and the 49th Indian Infantry Brigade).

paragraph: Section::::Gallipoli Campaign.:Third Krithia.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston thought the sinking of the battleship HMS Majestic (27 May) "a marvellous sight" and later thought the sinking of a French transport "a wonderful sight".

paragraph: After Second Krithia Hunter-Weston still believed that the capture of Achi Baba was a realistic aspiration, as did Gouraud, who had replaced d’Amade in command of the French troops on 15 May. Hamilton, who would have preferred to wait for more troops and munitions, deferred to their judgement, and planning for Third Krithia began at a conference on 31 May.

paragraph: Brigadier-General William Marshall recorded how Hunter-Weston insisted that the 127th Manchester Brigade sap forward during a full moon on the night of 2 June, despite his protests that they were advancing into a re-entrant. Visiting the troops afterwards to congratulate them, Hunter-Weston commented that it would have been worth doing even for 500 casualties (there had in fact been fifty).

paragraph: At the Third Battle of Krithia (4 June), Hunter-Weston planned with more caution and realism, gaining better intelligence of Turkish positions (including aerial photography), ordering night digging to get the start-off point within of the Turkish positions (it had been the previous time) and ordering a lull in the bombardment in the hope that the Turkish guns might give away their positions by retaliating, thus enabling counter-battery fire.

paragraph: A breakthrough towards Krithia was almost attained by the British infantry (88th brigade) in the centre – where the artillery fire had been concentrated – Hunter-Weston was concerned about an advance in the centre being trapped in a salient and so committed nine of his 18 reserve battalions (12 British, 6 French) not to the centre but to the unsuccessful attacks on the flanks (Indians on the left flank and the Royal Naval Division and the French on the right). This error of reinforcing failure rather than success made the battle, in Robin Prior's view, "not one of (his) finer moments". However, Steel & Hart to some extent defend this decision, taken after consultation with the French, on the grounds that he had very limited reserves and the weaker parts of the line had to be shored up (in the event the renewed attack was cancelled as the French were in no state to attack again). Afterwards he blamed wire, machine-gun fire and the French, lack of training stopping the Royal Naval Division holding onto captured trenches, and loss of officers.

paragraph: He still thought that more men, guns and ammunition might enable him to win a "glorious victory" on 11 June, and after the event thought it had been "glorious in execution". Travers comments on Hunter-Weston’s "mental and physical detachment" at this time, and on the romantic view of war and self-praise in his letters.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston’s dugout, dug in June 1915 as protection from Turkish guns firing from near Troy (on the east bank of the Dardanelles) was called "Baronial Hall".

paragraph: Section::::Gallipoli Campaign.:Improved artillery concentration.

paragraph: In Prior's view "there is strong evidence that (Hunter-Weston) took to heart the lessons" that concentrated High Explosive bombardment by heavy howitzers was needed for success and held meetings with the French General Gouraud at which they agreed to cooperate with their artillery and adopt this method. Progress was made in some attacks in late June and early July, with one French attack using a density of shelling up to 20 times that of the early attacks. In some cases these inflicted greater casualties on the Turkish defenders than the attackers, as lack of space, reserves and guns did not allow the Turks to adopt the defensive tactics used by the Germans later in the war: holding the front line thinly, counter-attacking and counter-battery fire on Allied artillery. Travers attributes "bite and hold" to Hamilton, who proposed it, on Birdwood’s suggestion on 10 May.

paragraph: Having been discovered by the Allies, these "bite and hold" tactics were then abandoned and their discovery in Gallipoli largely forgotten by historians. This may be because Hunter-Weston and Gouraud were both soon invalided out of the peninsula or because the Allies had never intended Gallipoli to be about trench warfare and so were not interested in learning tactical land warfare lessons from it or because the development of artillery tactics throughout the war was not a clear-cut process, as is shown by the fact that similar tactics almost worked at Neuve Chapelle in March 1915 but were then not used for over a year afterwards.

paragraph: Kereves Spur and Gully Spur, which had held up the advance on 4 June, were taken on 21 June and 28 June by limited advances under heavy artillery fire, whilst Hunter-Weston and Gouraud agreed that an attack on Fir Tree Spur on 28 June had failed because of lack of artillery there. Even in this period, attacks did not always turn out as hoped: during the Battle of Gully Ravine in late June he attacked with the inexperienced Scottish 52nd (Lowland) Division – the attack succeeded on the left, where artillery fire was concentrated (as the Indians had been thrown back there earlier in June) but the attack was over too wide a distance and half the 156th Brigade, attacking on the right with insufficient artillery support became casualties, of which over a third were killed (this was the attack of which Hunter-Weston claimed he was "blooding the pups").

paragraph: On 3 July 1915 John Churchill reported "The 29th Div is down to small numbers now … These continual frontal attacks are terrible, and I fear the generals will be called butchers by the troops. HW already has that name with the 29th."

paragraph: Section::::Gallipoli Campaign.:Departure.

paragraph: The next attack was scheduled for 12 July as the superior French artillery would not be available until then. Hunter-Weston aimed to use the relatively fresh 52nd Division as his main offensive force, as the other three divisions of IX Corps were too worn out for much more than line-holding operations. Hamilton had wanted to deploy 52nd Division to ANZAC Cove, but concurred as he accepted that the Turks at Helles needed to be pressed after their losses on 5 July.

paragraph: The attack was renewed on 12–13 July, with 155th and 157th Brigade (both part of 52nd Division) committed for the first time. Maj-Gen Egerton, GOC 52nd division, later (in 1929) wrote that Hunter-Weston "simply enunciated" his "positively wicked" plan, but that there was little discussion. Colonel McNeile of the 4th KOSBs appears to have had a heated discussion with Hunter-Weston over the objectives: he was subsequently killed in the attack.

paragraph: On 13 July, in an attempt to forestall a Turkish counterattack (there had been an incident of panic amongst the 7th Highland Light Infantry), Hunter-Weston ordered the Royal Marine Brigade to attack at 16.30. Owing to confusion, only two of the three battalions (Portsmouth, and Nelson but not Chatham) attacked, and incurred over 500 casualties advancing over open ground (although communication trenches had been dug) from the "original" British front line to a line already held by the 157th Brigade.

paragraph: The journalist Ashmead-Bartlett wrote of how "a great number of the Brigadier-Generals openly refused to take any further orders from Hunter-Weston, who was responsible for the muddle … they all said that … he had been affected by the sun a little, and was incapable of giving orders". Hunter-Weston relieved Egerton of command of 52nd Division on 13 July, sending him to his ship for a night’s rest. Orlo Williams, a cipher officer, wrote in his diary (21 July) of how Hamilton, the nominal commander-in-chief of the campaign, had little direct involvement and how Hunter-Weston and a few staff officers were running the show.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston was himself relieved on 23 July, officially for enteric or sunstroke, and returned to England. Les Carlyon wrote "What was wrong with (Hunter-Weston) has never become clear. The explanations run from sunstroke and exhaustion to enteric fever and dysentery to a collapse and a breakdown. Hamilton ... saw him 'staggering' off to a hospital ship." Hamilton recorded "He is suffering very much from his head". Next day he recorded "Hunter-Weston has to go home" and a few days later he referred to "Hunter-Weston’s breakdown". Hamilton later wrote to Aspinall of the Dardanelles Commission (July 1916) that Lady Hunter-Weston had been told that her husband was being "sent home", normally a euphemism for sacking. Travers argues that his illness was used as an excuse to relieve him of command. He was knighted after being invalided home.

paragraph: Godley wrote (23 July) "with all his faults Hunter-Weston was a gallant soul … At the same time, one is rather thankful to think he will not be (as he calls it) "blooding" Freddie Stopford’s reinforcements (IX Corps) against Achi Baba". Political leaders in London had agreed to commit a further five divisions to Gallipoli in July, but had decided instead that further attacks from the Helles bridgehead were too slow and costly and that a fresh landing at Suvla Bay offered a better chance of swift victory. Hunter-Weston wrote to Hamilton (11 August – after criticism had been made of Stopford’s lack of initiative at Suvla) urging that he appoint commanders who would "push unrelentingly, push without ceasing, push without mercy", without regard to the "yelping" of subordinate commanders.

paragraph: Section::::Seaborne Landing on Belgian Coast.

paragraph: At a meeting at Dover, Hunter-Weston was asked to lend his experience to discussions with Admiral Bacon, commander of the Dover Patrol, about Operation Hush a planned amphibious assault on the Belgian Coast (Haig diary 25 February 1916). After Haig had to abandon his plans for a Flanders Offensive in 1916, this landing was eventually scheduled to take place in the late summer or early autumn of 1917, to coincide with the Third Ypres Offensive, but in the end never took place.

paragraph: Section::::The Somme.

paragraph: Section::::The Somme.:Planning.

paragraph: In March 1916 Hunter-Weston was again promoted to acting lieutenant-general and again placed in command of VIII Corps, which was re-established in France; he commanded it in the early months of the Somme Offensive. At a Fourth Army Conference 30 March 1916 Hunter-Weston told Rawlinson that he was "strongly opposed to a wild rush … for an objective 4,000 yards away" and that "to lose the substance by grasping at the shadow is a mistake that has been made too often in this war". Haig—who had recently rejected Rawlinson’s initial proposal to concentrate on capturing the German First Line on the first day of the offensive, before bringing guns forward and attacking the Second Line several days later—was critical that Hunter-Weston "was only going to take the enemy first system to begin with, and proceed slowly stage by stage" which would give the Germans a chance to bring up reserves, like the French at Verdun (Haig Diary 7 and 8 April 1916) He urged Hunter-Weston that his men should push on as far as possible without consolidating, as far as artillery cover allowed (Haig Diary 10 May 1916).

paragraph: VIII Corps consisted (from north to south) of 31st, 4th and 29th Divisions. The German front line was overlooked by their second line, and by the fortified villages of Serre and Beaucourt.

paragraph: VIII Corps "were saturated with optimism over-emphasising the effect of the preliminary bombardment". Hunter-Weston "was extremely optimistic, telling everybody that the wire had been blown away" although "they could see it standing strong and well" and that the enemy front line "would be blown to pieces" and that the attackers would "walk into Serre" (testimony of various officers to Edmonds, 1929).

paragraph: VIII Corps took an exceptionally prescriptive approach to planning the Somme attack. Conferences were held on 21 and 23 June for brigadiers to share ideas. A 70-page report was issued, whose 28 headings included orders for the formation to be adopted down to company level for the advance on the second and third objectives, details and map references for strong points to be constructed, artillery plans, water supply plans and plans for the handling of prisoners. A section entitled "all units must push on resolutely" was followed by detailed plans for the digging of burial pits. Andy Simpson comments that the plan "seems to have been constructed on the basis that nothing could or would go wrong". Hunter-Weston wrote to his wife that he and his "excellent staff (had) done all possible to ensure success … I have nothing more to do now but to rest until well after the attack has taken place".

paragraph: Brigadier-General Hubert Rees, commander of 94th Brigade (part of the raw 31st Division) which was to attack at Serre, thought Hunter-Weston’s plan "a terrible document" of 76 pages, to which division HQ added a further 365 pages of supplementary instructions. Rees spent three days condensing this to a summary of eight pages and five maps, before having "a severe argument" with Hunter-Weston to have the plan amended to allow his brigade an extra ten minutes to take an orchard just east of Serre.

paragraph: Section::::The Somme.:Patrols.

paragraph: Prior to the main attack VIII Corps was the only corps of Fourth Army to produce far more negative than positive reports from patrols. Ten raids were conducted, and it was reported that the German wire was intact on 31 Division sector, well cut on 4th Division sector, and variably cut on 29 Division sector. Rawlinson was particularly concerned with the situation, to the point of discussing it with Haig (Haig Diary 28 June 1916).

paragraph: Haig claimed (Diary 28 June) that VIII Corps had not carried out any successful raids, apparently forgetting 29th Division’s raid on the night of 4/5 June, which had discovered the existence of deep enemy dugouts. Two days before the offensive began Haig had little confidence in VIII Corps trench raiding or counter-battery fire, and after talking to a VIII Corps artillery officer thought they were "amateurs in hard fighting" who thought they knew it all because of Gallipoli, unlike those who had learned from "adversity, shortage of ammunition, and fighting under difficulties against a superior European enemy".

paragraph: One patrol—by a unit of Royal Dublin Fusiliers from 29th Division—managed to fight its way through the wire, and observed (report of 29 June) that the German front trench had been destroyed by the bombardment, but could not reach even that far as the area was swept by fire from the German second position. On the eve of battle Rawlinson noted (Rawlinson Diary 30 June) that "VIII Corps front … is somewhat behind-hand" at wire-cutting.

paragraph: Rawlinson also noted that counter-battery fire had not worked well on VIII Corps sector, although in fact, largely owing to shortage of artillery, the problem was more widespread across other sectors than Rawlinson realised.

paragraph: Section::::The Somme.:1 July 1916.

paragraph: Across the entire British front, 19 mines had been dug by Royal Engineer tunnelling companies to weaken enemy defences. The northernmost mine of of explosives was under the Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt, a front-line fortification west of the village of Beaumont Hamel in the VIII Corps sector. Hunter-Weston wished to detonate the mine four hours early, but this was vetoed by the Inspector of Mines at BEF GHQ, who pointed out that the British had a poor record of seizing craters before the Germans got there. As a compromise Hunter-Weston was allowed to detonate at 07:20. The explosion was filmed by British cinematographer Geoffrey Malins, who was recording the 29th Division attack. The other mines were detonated at 7:28 am, two minutes before Zero hour when the infantry advance would begin. In many cases, including Hawthorne Ridge, the Germans were able to seize the craters before the British troops crossed No Man's Land.

paragraph: The Hawthorne Crater was to be seized by two companies. Artillery fire was lifted ten minutes before zero hour so as not to hit them, and field artillery two minutes before. In a blunder this was applied across the whole of VIII Corps sector, allowing the Germans ample time to man their parapets. Gallipoli veteran Major J.H.Gibbon of 460th Battery wrote to Hunter-Weston to protest that this was unwise, but received no reply.

paragraph: On 1 July 1916 it was Hunter-Weston's divisions, attacking in the northern sector between the Ancre and the Serre, that suffered the worst casualties and failed to capture any of their objectives. Artillery fire was weaker here and the Germans had the advantage of high ground, whereas in the southern sector the opposite was true, but the decision had been made by senior generals (Haig and Rawlinson) to launch the attack over a wide front. His corps suffered 14,581 casualties on the first day. Only a few small sections of enemy line were gained, and these had to be abandoned within a day or two. Of the three corps which tried a creeping barrage on the day of the attack, only VIII Corps was completely unsuccessful.

paragraph: Section::::The Somme.:Under Gough.

paragraph: Haig commented in his diary (1 July) that given their lack of progress VIII Corps men could not have left their trenches, and placed VIII and X Corps under Gough’s command, commenting that "The VIII Corps seems to need looking after!" Reports of the slaughter in that sector had not yet reached him. After 1 July it was impossible to renew the attack in this sector as the trenches were clogged with dead and dying men. Andy Simpson compares Hunter-Weston's command style at this time to that of "a sleepwalker". Hunter-Weston’s own writings show that he regarded this as the modern managerial approach to fighting larger battles, and Simpson also points out that in practice he did direct his divisions actively on 1 July and he was "very busy" on 2 and 3 July as he tried to salvage the disaster which had befallen his corps.

paragraph: After the event, Hunter-Weston (to the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Robertson, 2 July) blamed the failure on the ineffective artillery bombardment, including lack of howitzer shells. Much later (in 1929) he blamed the premature detonation of the mine and claimed that failure had been inevitable and foreseen at the time because of the poor artillery preparation. However, at the time he had refused to alter the artillery scheme. Replying to Robertson's inquiries, Hunter Weston wrote (2 July) "It is inadvisable to give currency to such unpleasant and dangerous facts". In the following weeks he visited every battalion that had attacked, thanking the soldiers and telling them that they had made a necessary sacrifice so that advances could be made elsewhere on the front. On one of these occasions he narrowly escaped death from a German shell.

paragraph: With the BEF having recently expanded tenfold in size, able officers were in short supply and were often poached by units higher up the chain of command. Hunter-Weston’s senior artillery officer Brig-Gen Tancred was removed to Reserve Army while Hunter-Weston was away visiting his dentist in Boulogne (Gough was keen to centralise control of artillery at army rather than corps level). A letter to his wife (3 August 1916) expresses his dissatisfaction at staffwork in Gough’s Reserve Army and his gladness that VIII Corps was moving to the Ypres Salient. Hunter-Weston protested that he had not been "Stellenbosched" (a Boer War term for moving generals to unimportant duties back at the base). He may well have been saved from the sack because, owing to the shortage of competent senior generals, British corps commanders were seldom sacked at this stage of the war.

paragraph: In an October 1916 by-election, he was elected to the House of Commons as the Unionist member for North Ayrshire, defeating a pro-peace clergyman, Reverend Chelmers, by 7,419 votes to 1,300. Hunter-Weston, who was the first Member of Parliament to simultaneously command an army corps on the field, continued to command VIII Corps but was not involved in another offensive. He had Plumer’s permission to attend the Irish Home Rule debate in March 1917.

paragraph: At the Battle of Messines (in which VIII Corps did not directly participate), he suggested that he launch a feint attack on his front five minutes before the main attack. This was vetoed by Plumer. Hunter-Weston’s VIII Corps was moved again, this time out of the Ypres salient, as he had not been selected to command in the upcoming Third Ypres offensive. He handed over his sector to Maxse, Cavan, Watts and Jacob in May 1917 (three corps—Jacob took over only a small part of VIII Corps sector—replacing one, due to the greater density of troops needed for a major offensive). VIII Corps returned to the Ypres Salient after the main offensive ended and took part in a local operation on the night of Hunter-Weston was deeply concerned at the problem of defending the ground which had been gained and wrote claiming that he would resign for the good of the Empire if Haig attempted to renew the offensive (7 December 1917).

paragraph: Hunter-Weston unjustifiably (in Simon Robbins’ view) sacked two divisional commanders, Philip. R. Wood (33rd Division, in November 1917) and P. S. Wilkinson (50th Division, in February 1918) for lack of aggression. Hunter-Weston spoke to subordinate generals "as if he was teaching a class of NCOs" (according to Major-General Sir Reginald Pinney, 24 December 1917)

paragraph: After three weeks’ home leave for preparation, he delivered his House of Commons maiden speech on the Manpower Bill on 24 January 1918 (at a time of much dispute over the manpower requirements of the army relative to agriculture, munitions, shipbuilding and ship-crewing and open warfare in the press between allies of the Prime Minister and of the CIGS William Robertson over the deployment of troops between fronts). It was praised by his army commander, and the "Daily Sketch" described it as the "Greatest Speech of the War". Hunter-Weston warned Haig (Haig Diary 25 February 1918) that some of his men had asked some visiting MPs if they were "Labour MPs" and had complained to them about the horrors of war and asked what they were fighting for.

paragraph: In May 1918, during the reshuffling of Allied units, now under the Supreme Command of General Ferdinand Foch, to meet the German spring offensives, VIII Corps was at one point on the verge of being sent to join French Fourth Army. Hunter-Weston held a horseshow in August 1918, whilst the Battle of Amiens was in progress. Although he has been ridiculed for this, it has also been pointed out that VIII Corps was not involved in fighting at the time and that such events boosted morale and encouraged care of horses, which were still extensively used for transport and hauling equipment. He played an active role leading his corps in the Hundred Days Offensive, revisiting the battlefield of Le Cateau (11 October) and recollecting his successful handling of his brigade there.

paragraph: Section::::Command style.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston was a regular inspector of trenches and machine gun positions. He reconnoitred positions personally and on one occasion (1 November 1918) climbed into a fort on a rope ladder. Aged in his early fifties, he took great pride in his physical fitness and was proud of reducing more junior officers, including on one occasion a battalion commander in his mid-thirties, to breathlessness whilst out walking. In his autobiography Bonham-Carter recorded that Hunter-Weston devoted too much time to minor details which should have been left to junior staff officers. He thought him "a mountebank" and self-important, with the brain of an inexperienced boy and with a penchant for heroics. He was also notorious for his interest in inspecting latrines.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston seems to have been regarded by his superiors as a "safe pair of hands" for receiving visiting dignitaries. He frequently visited Belgian divisional and corps HQ, as well as, on occasion, Belgian GCQ, the Belgian Prime Minister, and once took the King of the Belgians on a tour of the British lines. He received the Apostolic Delegate and Doyen of Ypres to dinner. He laid on a lavish lunch for the Portuguese President Machado in October 1917, taking his party on a tour of the Messines battlefield, where the ground had been carefully seeded with interesting souvenirs for them to "find". He had French President Poincaré to lunch twice and in late 1918 accompanied him on a visit to recently liberated towns and villages. At other times he received the Siamese, Italian and Romanian military attaches. He also used to take visiting British politicians to a vantage point on Hill 63 to see the Ypres Battlefield.

paragraph: Section::::Post-military life.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston married Grace Steel on 5 December 1905, they had no children.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston continued in politics after the war, being elected again for Bute and Northern Ayrshire in 1918. He resigned from the Army in 1919. He was promoted to Permanent Lieutenant-General that year. After the war his “Who’s Who” entry filled an entire column. He retired from Parliament in 1935 and died, aged seventy-five, on 18 March 1940 following a fall from a turret at his ancestral home in Hunterston; and was survived by his wife. His wealth at death was £41,658 11s (around £2m at 2016 prices) as of 23 August 1940.

paragraph: His diaries, typed up and accompanied by letters and newspaper cuttings, were deposited in the British Museum after his death. Andy Simpson writes of these documents that "self-congratulation was one of his favourite activities".

paragraph: Section::::Assessments.

paragraph: Hunter-Weston acquired a reputation as an eccentric man, prone to laughter.

paragraph: Hamilton called him "an acute theorist". Compton Mackenzie, author of "Gallipoli Memories", comments on the way in which he was regarded as a "butcher" but wrote that "Actually no man I have met brimmed over more richly with human sympathy. He was a logican (sic) of war and as a logican he believed and was always ready to contend in open debate that, provided the objective was gained, casualties were of no importance".

paragraph: W. B. Wood, one of the Official History writing team, wrote (in 1944) "my own blood had boiled as I read of the … results of Hunter-Weston’s pig-headed tactics at Gallipoli".

paragraph: Les Carlyon comments that he "threw away men the way other men tossed away socks" and writes "One cannot condemn (him) for failing to understand the new warfare of the twentieth century; few generals did in 1915. One can, however, condemn (him) for faults that are timeless. (He was) careless and arrogant and not very good".

paragraph: Travers comments that VIII Corps staff work was poor, Hunter-Weston had too much freedom at Krithia and attacks became "ritualistic". He comments on his time as a Western Front commander that he was "an officer of intelligence, but lacking mental balance, given to extravagant and flamboyant gestures, and far too interested in irrelevant detail".

paragraph: Gordon Corrigan claims that Hunter-Weston's performance at Gallipoli was "competent" but that he is unfairly vilified for his premature blowing of the Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt on 1 July 1916.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Landing at Cape Helles

paragraph: BULLET::::- Battle of Gallipoli

paragraph: BULLET::::- First Battle of Krithia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second Battle of Krithia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third Battle of Krithia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt

paragraph: BULLET::::- First day on the Somme

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- , essay on Hunter-Weston by J Lethbridge

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- First World War who's who

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centre for First World War Studies, Birmingham University

paragraph: BULLET::::- Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and the Gallipoli Expedition (1915–16)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Europeana Collections 1914–1918 makes 425,000 First World War items from European libraries available online, including manuscripts and photographs by or relating to Hunter-Weston

paragraph: BULLET::::- King's College London Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives WESTON, Sir Aylmer Hunter- (1864–1940), Lieutenant General

description: British Army general

wikidata_label: Aylmer Hunter-Weston

wikipedia_title: Aylmer Hunter-Weston


text:
Belgian
Congo
Lake Kivu
Tutsi
France
Naples
Capri
Sicily
Jean-Pierre Hallet
Efe
Rwanda

categories: Belgian painters,Post-impressionist painters,1890 births

paragraph: André Hallet

paragraph: André Hallet (1890–1959) was a Belgian post-impressionist painter whose paintings have been exhibited at more than 60 museums worldwide, including the Louvre in Paris, France.

paragraph: His most well-known paintings are those of the Congo and around Lake Kivu (in modern-day Rwanda).

paragraph: He was initially sent to the Congo by the Belgian government in 1934 and then settled in Kisenyi (modern-day Rwanda), on the shores of Lake Kivu, in 1947, where he died in 1959.

paragraph: In 1934 he forged a relationship with the Tutsi king Mwambi Matura III (of Ruanda-Burundi) and painted a series of detailed portraits of the king’s family and court.

paragraph: Prior to his African period, he painted scenes of southern France, Naples, Capri, and Sicily, when he traveled through these areas as a young man. This was known as his European period.

paragraph: His paintings have been sold at auction houses for record prices.

paragraph: He is the father of Jean-Pierre Hallet, an internationally recognized human-rights activist (on the behalf of the Efe pygmies in the Ituri forest of the Congo) who also lived in the Congo and Rwanda and was also an avid art collector.

paragraph: His paintings have been donated by the André Hallet Foundation for charitable causes, such as to "Medicins sans Frontiere" to aid Cambodian orphans in 1992, and to Association des Anciens du Congo (A.F.A.C), a philanthropic concern for the oldest civilizations still living in the Congo, and to the International Foundation Jacques Brel for cancer research.

description: Belgian post-impressionist painter

wikidata_label: André Hallet

wikipedia_title: André Hallet


text:
philosopher of religion
Jewish theologian
interfaith dialogue
Berlin, Germany
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Modern Orthodox
Orthodox Judaism
Adas Yisroel
New York City
Yeshiva Torah Vodaas
Brooklyn, New York
Shlomo Heiman
Talmud
Joseph B. Soloveitchik
City College of New York
Christian Theology
Kierkegaard
Columbia University
CUNY
Baruch College
University of Houston
supersessionist
a priori
Incarnation
Hebrew Bible
neo-orthodox
Protestant
Karl Barth
The Michael Wyschogrod Scholarship Fund

categories: Philosophers of Judaism,Jewish philosophers,City College of New York alumni,American Orthodox Jews,2015 deaths,1928 births,Columbia University alumni,City College of New York faculty,Jewish American writers,Modern Orthodox Jews,American people of German-Jewish descent,American Jewish theologians

paragraph: Michael Wyschogrod

paragraph: Michael Wyschogrod (September 28, 1928 – December 17, 2015) was a Jewish German-American philosopher of religion, Jewish theologian, and activist for Jewish–Christian interfaith dialogue. During his academic career he taught in philosophy and religion departments of several universities in the United States, Europe and Israel.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Michael Wyschogrod was born in Berlin, Germany, on September 28, 1928, the second child of Paul Wyschogrod and Margaret Ungar. His father, a Hungarian chess master who discouraged his son from pursuing this interest, had moved his family to Berlin from Budapest after the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire a decade earlier. As a child, Wyschogrod spent summers in Budapest, visiting his maternal grandparents. The family fled Nazi Germany and arrived in the United States on July 3, 1939, when Wyschogrod was ten years old.

paragraph: Section::::Education.

paragraph: Wyschogrod associated himself with the Modern Orthodox movement within Orthodox Judaism, and the schools he attended as a child reflect this movement's emphasis on combining high-quality Jewish and secular instruction. He attended the Orthodox Adas Yisroel school in Berlin and then, after emigrating to New York City in 1939, the Yiddish-speaking "Yeshiva Torah Vodaas" day school in Brooklyn, New York, from which he graduated high school in 1945. It was here that Wyschogrod studied under Rabbi Shlomo Heiman, from whom he came to appreciate "that part of the Torah that cannot be written down but transmitted only in the being of the person whose everyday conduct exemplifies it." Subsequently he studied Talmud with Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik at Yeshiva University from 1946 to 1952.

paragraph: He embarked upon the study of philosophy at City College of New York in 1946, where he found himself drawn into the study of Christian Theology after reading the work of Kierkegaard. He completed his B.S.S. in 1949. He then went on to graduate study in philosophy at Columbia University, where he earned his Ph.D. in 1953. He wrote a dissertation which was later published under the title "Kierkegaard and Heidegger: the Ontology of Existence."

paragraph: Section::::Teaching career.

paragraph: Wyschogrod taught philosophy at several CUNY colleges and served as the head of the Philosophy Department at Baruch College of the City University of New York. In 1992 he was appointed Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Houston. He has been a guest professor at many universities in Israel, Europe, and the United States such as Bar Ilan University in Israel, University of Bern in Switzerland and Yeshiva University in New York, among others.

paragraph: Section::::Thought.

paragraph: Wyschogrod has been concerned primarily, in his activism and in his scholarly work, with the relationship, especially the theological dialogue, between Judaism and Christianity. His book "Abraham's Promise: Judaism and Jewish-Christian Relations" makes an appeal for a new non-supersessionist Christian view of Judaism. If Judaism and Christianity are to have a stable and harmonious co-existence in the future, then Christianity must dispense with or, at the very least, not openly insist on a status for Judaism in which Judaism is considered an incomplete or antiquated religion.

paragraph: At the same time, Wyschogrod urges from the Jewish side that Jews not pursue a fallacious dismissal of the divinity of Christ that operates on a priori grounds. In other words, while Jews - Wyschogrod included - can and perhaps even should reject the divinity of Christ, they should not do so by attempting to argue that God's Incarnation in man is somehow inconsistent with the teaching of the Hebrew Bible. On the contrary, there is much merit to the Christological position that posits "the indwelling of God in Israel by concentrating that indwelling in one Jew rather than leaving it diffused in the people of Jesus as a whole."

paragraph: Even Wyschogrod's writing that focuses solely on Jewish theology could be said to show evidence of the importance in his thought of dialogue between Jewish and Christian theology. His emphasis on the radical and sublime shock and force of God's choice to enter human history in and through the people of Israel, a unilateral and non-abrogable event, shows an affinity with the thought of the neo-orthodox Protestant theologian Karl Barth, whose work Wyschogrod considered relevant to Jewish theologians.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: Wyschogrod's best-known work is "The Body of Faith: God in the People Israel" (1989; 2nd edition: "The Body of Faith: God and the People Israel"). His "Abraham's Promise: Judaism and Jewish-Christian Relations" (2004) is a collection of some of his most seminal essays on Jewish-Christian relations from throughout his career.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Books.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: Section::::Works.:as Editor.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Soulen, R. Kendall. "A Biographical Sketch of Michael Wyschogrod", in .

paragraph: BULLET::::- , in .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Michael Wyschogrod Scholarship Fund

description: Philosopher of religion

wikidata_label: Michael Wyschogrod

wikipedia_title: Michael Wyschogrod


text:
American football
safety
New Orleans Saints
National Football League
college football
Utah
Eleanor Roosevelt High School
Eastvale, California
wide receiver
defensive back
football
basketball
track
college football
University of Utah
Washington
California
interception
Pac-12
California
Jared Goff
Arizona State
2017 NFL Draft
mock draft
Bucky Brooks
Mike Mayock
Sports Illustrated
ESPN
New Orleans Saints
2017 NFL Draft
$
Vonn Bell
New Orleans Saints'
Cam Newton
Carolina Panthers
groin
Jameis Winston
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Dennis Allen's
Pro Football Focus
NFC South
Case Keenum
Stefon Diggs
Ken Crawley
Minneapolis Miracle
Kurt Coleman
Cleveland Browns
New Orleans Saints bio
Utah Utes bio

categories: Sportspeople from Corona, California,Players of American football from California,Utah Utes football players,1996 births,American football safeties,People from Eastvale, California,Living people

paragraph: Marcus Williams (safety)

paragraph: Marcus Alan Williams (born September 8, 1996) is an American football safety for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Utah.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Williams attended Eleanor Roosevelt High School in Eastvale, California. He played wide receiver and defensive back for the Mustangs football team. He also played basketball and ran track. He committed to play college football at the University of Utah over competing scholarship offers from Washington and California.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: As a true freshman at Utah in 2014, Williams played in all 13 games and made six starts. He finished the 2014 season with 59 tackles and an interception. As a sophomore in 2015, he was named first team All-Pac-12 after he recorded 65 tackles and five interceptions in 13 starts. He intercepted a pass from California's Jared Goff in the Utes' 30–24 win on October 10. As a junior in 2016, after missing some games due to injury, he returned on November 10 against Arizona State and recorded nine tackles and had an interception in the end zone. He played in 11 games, recording 64 tackles and five interceptions. He recorded four interceptions during the regular season and was a second-team All-Pac-12 selection. After the season, Williams entered the 2017 NFL Draft. He finished his college career with 11 interceptions and 188 total tackles. He was predicted to be a first-round or second-round selection by several sportswriters and mock drafts.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Williams received an invitation to the NFL Combine and completed all of the combine drills. He also attended Utah's Pro Day and opted to only run positional drills for team scouts and representatives. NFL draft experts and analysts projected him to be selected in the second or third round. He was ranked the fifth best safety in the draft by NFL analyst Bucky Brooks, Mike Mayock, and "Sports Illustrated", ranked the third best free safety by NFLDraftScout.com, and was ranked the eighth best safety by ESPN.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2017.

paragraph: The New Orleans Saints selected Williams in the second round (42nd overall) of the 2017 NFL Draft. He was the sixth safety selected in 2017.

paragraph: On June 3, 2017, the New Orleans Saints signed Williams to a four-year, $6.24 million contract that includes $3.42 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $2.67 million.

paragraph: During training camp, Williams competed for the role as a starting free safety against Vonn Bell. Head coach Sean Payton officially named him the backup, behind Bell, to begin the regular season.

paragraph: He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the New Orleans Saints' season-opener at the Minnesota Vikings and recorded five combined tackles in their 29–19 loss. He was credited with his first career tackle on wide receiver Stefon Diggs after pushing him out of bounds on the Vikings' first drive, but drew an unnecessary roughness penalty after hitting Diggs while he was out of bounds. On September 24, 2017, Williams assisted on two tackles, deflected a pass, and made his first career interception off a pass by Cam Newton during a 34–13 win at the Carolina Panthers in Week 3. He was inactive for the Saints' Week 13 victory against the Carolina Panthers, due to a groin injury he sustained the previous week. On December 31, 2017, Williams collected a season-high eight combined tackles, two pass deflections, and made a season-high two interceptions off pass attempts by Jameis Winston in the Saints' 31–24 loss at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He finished his rookie season with 73 combined tackles (59 solo), seven pass deflections, and four interceptions in 15 games and 15 starts. During the season, Williams was used as a third safety in Dennis Allen's three-safety technique and as an extra defensive back in nickel and dime packages. Pro Football Focus gave Williams an overall grade of 86.8, ranking him 11th among all qualified safeties in 2017.

paragraph: The New Orleans Saints finished first in the NFC South with an 11–5 record. On January 7, 2018, Williams started his first career playoff game and recorded eight combined tackles and a pass deflection during a 31–26 victory against the Carolina Panthers in the NFC Wildcard Game.

paragraph: On January 14, 2018, Williams made five combined tackles, two pass deflections, and intercepted a pass from Case Keenum, enabling the Saints to score a touchdown and bring their score within three points of the Vikings. At the end of the game, with the Saints up by one point, Williams missed a tackle on Stefon Diggs, who took a pass along the right sideline from Keenum for a 61-yard touchdown as time expired. The play lifted Minnesota to a 29–24 victory in the NFC Divisional Round and eliminated New Orleans from the playoffs. On that play, he attempted to lower his shoulder and make the tackle blindly, but ended up missing Diggs and accidentally knocked teammate Ken Crawley off his feet. The play became known as the Minneapolis Miracle.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:2018.

paragraph: Head coach Sean Payton retained Williams as the starting free safety in 2018. He started alongside strong safety Kurt Coleman. On September 16, 2018, Williams recorded four solo tackles, deflected a pass, and made an interception during a 21–18 victory against the Cleveland Browns in Week 2.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Orleans Saints bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- Utah Utes bio

description: American football defensive back

wikidata_label: Marcus Williams

wikipedia_title: Marcus Williams (safety)


text:
Fredrikstad
Oslo
Røros
Selma Lagerlöf
Alexandre Dumas
Fredrikstad bys historie
occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany
Norsk Ukeblad
Ernst Ancher-Hanssen
caricature
Vidkun Quisling
ice skating
Hitler moustache
Grini concentration camp
Francis Bull
etching
serigraphy
Kunstnerforbundet
National Gallery of Norway
Pistoia
Catania
Glemmen

categories: People from Fredrikstad,1990 deaths,Norwegian resistance members,1918 births,Norwegian illustrators

paragraph: Gunnar Bratlie

paragraph: Gunnar Bratlie (8 October 1918 – 14 June 1990) was a Norwegian illustrator.

paragraph: He was born in Fredrikstad, and worked in Oslo and Røros before returning to Fredrikstad in 1981. He is known for his book covers and illustrations, such as the complete works of Selma Lagerlöf and Alexandre Dumas, and the local historical work "Fredrikstad bys historie". During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was imprisoned with editor of "Norsk Ukeblad" Ernst Ancher-Hanssen for a caricature of Vidkun Quisling in "Norsk Ukeblad" in February 1943 (#8). The caricature portrayed Quisling as an unsteady ice skating boy, who was being helped to stand up by a man with a Hitler moustache. Bratlie was imprisoned in Grini concentration camp from 19 February 1943 to 22 March 1945. He continued to draw while inside, and a collection of these drawings was published in 1945 under the title "Skisser i smug", with a preface written by co-prisoner and professor Francis Bull. Bratlie kept his sketches hidden in a hollow leg of a table, and they were smuggled out of the camp from time to time. Several of his sketches were also published in the two-volume book "Griniboken".

paragraph: His main techniques were etching and serigraphy, but he also did paintings and acquarels. The first exhibition of his art was in Kunstnerforbundet in 1968. In total he was exhibited about 30 times, as well as several collective exhibitions. His works have been bought by such institutions as the National Gallery of Norway, the Museo del'arte in Pistoia and the Accademia delle bell'arte in Catania.

paragraph: From 1978 to 1985 he was granted the State Guarantee Income for Artists. He died in June 1990 and was buried in Glemmen.

description: Norwegian artist

wikidata_label: Gunnar Bratlie

wikipedia_title: Gunnar Bratlie


text:
Neiße
Niemcza
Silesia
Marie Bloede
Revolutions of 1848 in Germany
Victor Gustav Bloede

categories: 19th-century poets,19th-century German male writers,German satirists,German male poets,1812 births,German male non-fiction writers,1843 deaths,19th-century German writers,German poets

paragraph: Friedrich von Sallet

paragraph: Friedrich von Sallet (20 April 1812 – 21 February 1843) was a German writer, most notable for his political and religion-critiquing poems.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Von Sallet was born in Neiße. He attacked military events of the time in several satirical works. He died in Reichau bei Niemcza, Landkreis Strehlen (Silesia).

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: His sister, Marie Bloede, married the physician Gustav Bloede. They emigrated to the United States in the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848 in Germany. Their son Victor Gustav Bloede became a noted chemist there.

description: German poet

wikidata_label: Friedrich von Sallet

wikipedia_title: Friedrich von Sallet


text:
Finnish
ice hockey
Tappara
SM-liiga
Finnish

categories: Tappara players,1990 births,Finnish ice hockey players,Swedish people of Finnish descent,Living people

paragraph: Jesse Turkulainen

paragraph: Jesse Turkulainen is a Finnish ice hockey player who currently plays professionally in Finland for Tappara of the SM-liiga. Born in Sweden to Finnish parents, Turkulainen has lived most of his life in Sweden, and holds both Finnish and Swedish citizenship.

description: Finnish ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Jesse Turkulainen

wikipedia_title: Jesse Turkulainen


href: Barcelona Spain Spain France Netherlands Germany US http%3A//www.elxupetnegre.com

text: Barcelona Spain Spain France Netherlands Germany US elxupetnegre.com

categories: Living people,Place of birth missing (living people),Spanish graffiti artists,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: El Xupet Negre

paragraph: El Xupet Negre ("The Black Pacifier") is a graffiti artist from Barcelona, Spain, who has painted a black pacifier/dummy logo since 1989.

paragraph: Section::::Influences.

paragraph: His biggest influence was mainly his family, art from all times, graphic design, all information that is around, traffic signs, and brands.

paragraph: Starting in 1987, El Xupet Negre painted 'Black Dummies' all over the city and everyone wondered who painted it and what was its meaning.

paragraph: This was the year he began to appear in magazines and in TV in Spain, France, the Netherlands, Germany, and US.

paragraph: In 1998 he began to paint and sell his pictures on both wood and canvas. Though he still tags, the majority of his work done through painting big old walls in the city (with permission).

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- elxupetnegre.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Street Logos, Tristan Manco, Thames & Hudson, 2004,

paragraph: BULLET::::- http://www.complex.com/style/2013/10/famous-street-artists/el-xupet-negre

description: Spanish graffiti artist

wikidata_label: El Xupet Negre

wikipedia_title: El Xupet Negre


text:
Sufi
Hijri year
Persian
Khorasan
Qaleh Now-e Kharaqan
Semnan Province
Iran
Bastam
Ashura
Muharram
Abul-Abbas Qassab Amoli
spiritual relation
Bayazid Bastami
Abul Hasan Hankari
Shafi‘i
Attar of Nishapur
Awliya
Qibla
Abdullah Ansari
Avicenna
Mahmud of Ghazni
Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr
Nasir Khusraw
Rumi
Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
Jami
Quran
Hadith
murid
British Museum
His biography in Persian
Life and Sayings of Shaikh Abul Hassan

categories: Sufi mystics,10th-century Iranian people,Medieval Persian people,11th-century Iranian people,Iranian Sufis

paragraph: Abu al-Hassan al-Kharaqani

paragraph: Abu 'l-Hassan Ali ibn Ahmad (or ibn Jaʻfar) ibn Salmān al-Kharaqāni () is one of the master Sufis of Islam. He was born in 963 (352 Hijri year) from Persian parents in Khorasan in a village called Qaleh Now-e Kharaqan (today located in Semnan Province, Iran near Bastam) and died on the day of Ashura in 1033 (10th Muharram, 425 Hijri).

paragraph: He was the disciple of Abul-Abbas Qassab Amoli but claimed a deep spiritual relation with Bayazid Bastami, a well-known Sufi Master who died almost a century before him but had spoken about the personality and state of Kharaqani. He was also influenced by Abul Hasan Hankari. His school of jurisprudence was Shafi‘i.

paragraph: Attar of Nishapur, a famous Persian poet and Sufi, devoted a large part of his book "Tadhkirat al-Awliya" (Biography of the Saints) about the personality, state and stories of Kharaqani. Attar has him as "Sultān-e Salātin-e Mashāyekh" "King of kings of Sufi Masters", "Ocean of the spiritual knowledge, "Sun of the Lord", "Mystery of the Lord" and "Qibla of his people".

paragraph: Kharaqani was the Master of the famous Persian Sufi and poet, Abdullah Ansari. Avicenna, Mahmud of Ghazni, Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr and Nasir Khusraw traveled to Kharaqan to meet him and expressed their deep admiring feelings and respect for him.

paragraph: Rumi, Attar of Nishapur, Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, Jami and others have narrated many poems about Abu'l-Hasan and have reported his several stories. He was illiterate but had wide inspirational knowledge about the Quran and Hadith; his sayings and speeches are significantly magnificent due to their philosophical views.

paragraph: The book "Nūr al-ʿUlūm" "Light of the Sciences" is dedicated to Abu'l-Hassan. It is believed to have been written by his murids after his death. A single manuscript copy is currently held in the British Museum.

paragraph: Section::::Poetry and translations.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Radical Love: Teachings from the Islamic Mystical Tradition" translated and edited by Omid Safi. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018. Contains a selection of al-Kharaqani's poetry in English.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- His biography in Persian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Life and Sayings of Shaikh Abul Hassan

paragraph: BULLET::::-

wikidata_label: Abu al-Hassan al-Kharaqani

wikipedia_title: Abu al-Hassan al-Kharaqani


text: silent

text: Heywood Broun

text: New York City

text: Art Students League

text: Nantucket, Massachusetts

text: Cleveland, Ohio

text: Broadway

text: farce

text: Twin Beds

text: Astor Theatre

text: W.C. Fields

text: Maxine Elliott Theatre

text: The New York Times

text: Noël Coward

text: Gertrude Lawrence

text: Ruth Gordon

text: Sam Goldwyn

text: Goldwyn Pictures

text: Baby Mine

text: Nearly Married

text: The Service Star

text: Avery Hopwood

text: Channing Pollock

text: screenplay

text: The Marrying Kind

text: Main Street to Broadway

text: The Rains of Ranchipur

text: The Catered Affair

text: Lust for Life

text: Houseboat

text: A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed

text: North by Northwest

text: Marilyn Monroe

text: Let's Make Love

text: They Shoot Horses, Don't They?

text: The Baby Maker

text: The Day of the Locust

text: Marathon Man

text: Red Davis

text: NBC Radio

text: WJZ

text: Burgess Meredith

text: Elaine Sterne Carrington

text: Schlitz Playhouse of Stars

text: General Electric Theater

text: Science Fiction Theater

text: The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp

text: Alfred Hitchcock Presents

text: The Alfred Hitchcock Hour

text: The Twilight Zone

text: Leave it to Beaver

text: The Odd Couple

text: South America

text: World War I

text: Kingman, Arizona

text: Los Angeles, California

text: Willys-Knight

text: Norwich, Connecticut

text: Boston Post Road

text: Groton, Connecticut

text: Woodland Hills, California

text: Hollywood Walk of Fame

text: Baby Mine

text: Nearly Married

text: The Danger Game

text: The Fair Pretender

text: The Service Star

text: Friend Husband

text: The Blooming Angel

text: The Highest Bidder

text: The Girl with the Jazz Heart

text: Oh Mary Be Careful

text: The Purple Highway

text: Three Miles Out

text: Scandal Street

text: Bad Company

text: Oh, Baby!

text: The Marrying Kind

text: Main Street to Broadway

text: The Rains of Ranchipur

text: Three Bad Sisters

text: The Catered Affair

text: Lust for Life

text: Houseboat

text: Official Detective

text: Plunderers of Painted Flats

text: North by Northwest

text: Let's Make Love

text: They Shoot Horses, Don't They?

text: The Baby Maker

text: The Day of the Locust

text: Marathon Man

text: Madge Kennedy

categories: American television actresses,American radio actresses,Vaudeville performers,American film actresses,1987 deaths,1891 births,American stage actresses,Actresses from California,American silent film actresses

paragraph: Madge Kennedy

paragraph: Madge Kennedy (April 19, 1891 – June 9, 1987) was a stage, film and TV actress whose career began in the silent era. In 1921, journalist Heywood Broun described her as "the best farce actress in New York".

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Kennedy was born in Chicago. Her father was a judge in a criminal court. After she and her family lived in California, she moved to New York City with her mother to paint. She studied two years at the Art Students League, planning to be an illustrator. Luis Mora saw her art work and recommended that she go to Siasconset (Nantucket, Massachusetts) for a summer. Mora described Kennedy as talented but very lazy.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Theater.

paragraph: The Siasconset colony was evenly divided among actors and artists, and painters often gave theatrical performances.

paragraph: Kennedy appeared in a skit written by Kenneth and Roy Webb and impressed professional Harry Woodruff, who commented, "She could act rings around anybody." As a result she was offered the lead opposite Woodruff in "The Genius". Soon she was in Cleveland, Ohio, where Robert McLaughlin gave her work with his stock company.

paragraph: Kennedy first appeared on Broadway in "Little Miss Brown" (1912), a farce in three acts presented at the 48th Street Theater. Critics found Kennedy's performance most pleasing, writing, "Miss Kennedy's youth, good looks, and marked sense of fun helped her to make a decidedly favorable impression last night." That same year she appeared in "The Point of View".

paragraph: 1914 saw her in the popular "Twin Beds", and in 1915 she scored a sensational hit at the Eltinge Theater as Blanny Wheeler opposite John Cumberland in Avery Hopwood's classic farce, "Fair and Warmer", which ran 377 performances. Critic Louis Vincent DeFoe wrote, "Madge Kennedy proves anew that consummate art is involved even in farcical acting." In the late Teens she would leave the stage for three years to appear in moving pictures for Samuel Goldwyn (see "Films" below).

paragraph: Kennedy returned to the New York stage in November 1920, playing in "Cornered", staged at the Astor Theatre. Produced by Henry Savage, the play, taken from the writing of Dodson Mitchell, offered Kennedy a dual role.

paragraph: In 1923 she starred opposite W.C. Fields in "Poppy", where she enjoyed top billing. In the comedy, "Beware of Widows" (1925), which was produced at Maxine Elliott Theatre, a reviewer for "The New York Times" noted, once again, Kennedy's physical beauty as well as her skill as a comedian.

paragraph: Later, she starred in Philip Barry's "Paris Bound" (1927) and in Noël Coward's "Private Lives" (1931), having succeeded Gertrude Lawrence.

paragraph: After an absence of 33 years, she returned to Broadway in August 1965, appearing with her good friend Ruth Gordon in Gordon and Kanin's "A Very Rich Woman".

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Films.

paragraph: In 1917, Sam Goldwyn of Goldwyn Pictures signed Kennedy to a film contract. She starred in 21 five-reel films, such as "Baby Mine" (1917), "Nearly Married "(1917), "Our Little Wife" (1918), "The Service Star" (1918) and "Dollars and Sense" (1920).

paragraph: Kennedy told a reporter in 1916, "I have discovered that one of the best ways to act is to make your mind as vacant as possible." In 1918, "Our Little Wife" premiered with Kennedy playing the role of Dodo Warren. The story is about a woman whose marriage is both humorous and sad. The screenplay was adapted from a comedy by Avery Hopwood.

paragraph: "A Perfect Lady" (1918) was released in December and was taken from a stage play by Channing Pollock and Rennold Wolf. Kennedy co-starred with James Montgomery. In 1923, she starred in "The Purple Highway". The screenplay is an adaptation of the stage play "Dear Me", written by Luther Reed and Hale Hamilton.

paragraph: The 1920s were a productive period for Kennedy. Following "The Purple Highway", she had prominent roles in "Three Miles Out" (1924), "Scandal Sheet" (1925), "Bad Company" (1925), "Lying Wives" (1925), "Oh, Baby!" (1926), and "Walls Tell Tales" (1928).

paragraph: She was out of motion pictures until she resumed her career in "The Marrying Kind" (1952) and "Main Street to Broadway" (1953).

paragraph: In the late 1950s, she combined TV work with roles in movies like " The Rains of Ranchipur" (1955), "The Catered Affair" (1956), "Lust for Life" (1956), "Houseboat" (1958), "A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed" (1958), "Plunderers of Painted Flats" (1959), and "North by Northwest" (1959). She has an uncredited part as a secretary in the Marilyn Monroe film "Let's Make Love" (1960).

paragraph: Her film career endured into the 1970s with roles in "They Shoot Horses, Don't They?" (1969), "The Baby Maker" (1970), "The Day of the Locust" (1975), and "Marathon Man" (1976).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Radio and television.

paragraph: As a guest on the "Red Davis" series (1934) over NBC Radio and WJZ (WABC-AM) network, Kennedy worked with Burgess Meredith who had the title role. She was written into the full script by the program's creator, Elaine Sterne Carrington.

paragraph: Kennedy was prolific in terms of her television appearances beginning with an episode of the Schlitz Playhouse of Stars (1954). Her additional performances in television series are "Studio 57" (1954), General Electric Theater (1954), "Science Fiction Theater" (1955), "The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp" (1960), "The Best of the Post" (1961), "Alfred Hitchcock Presents" (1956–1961), "The Alfred Hitchcock Hour" (1962), "The Twilight Zone" (1963), and "CBS Playhouse" (1967). She also had a semi-recurring role as Theodore Cleaver's Aunt Martha on the hit family sitcom "Leave it to Beaver" (1957–63). She played June Cleaver's aunt and the Beaver's great-aunt. Ms. Kennedy also appeared as Mimi (the wife of Albert, Felix's grandfather played by Tony Randall) in "The Odd Couple" (1972).

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Producing.

paragraph: Kennedy and her husband, Harold Bolster (who had been an executive with Goldwyn), formed Kenma Corporation, a film production company. Kenma made "The Purple Highway" (1923) and "Three Miles Out" (1924), both of which starred Kennedy but had little success.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life and death.

paragraph: Kennedy's contract with Goldwyn ended in 1921. She decided to return to the stage so that she could be close to her husband, broker Harold Bolster, in New York. Bolster died on August 3, 1927 from an illness he contracted months before during a business trip to South America. He was a member of the New York banking firm of Bennett, Bolster & Coghill. Bolster was 38 and a veteran of World War I. Kennedy inherited more than $500,000 when he died.

paragraph: She wed William B. Hanley, Jr., in Kingman, Arizona, on August 13, 1934. Hanley was an actor and radio personality. The couple resided in Los Angeles, California. Kennedy retired temporarily after her marriage before returning to work in entertainment. The couple would remain married until Hanley's death in 1959.

paragraph: She enjoyed outdoor activities such as playing golf, horseback riding and driving cars. She owned a Willys-Knight Great Six which she drove avidly at the time she was touring in 1929 in the play, "Lulu". In August 1929, she was sued in a Norwich, Connecticut court for damages she caused in a car accident on the Boston Post Road near Groton, Connecticut, in June 1928. The plaintiffs asked for $13,000.

paragraph: Madge Kennedy died of respiratory failure at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California, in 1987.

paragraph: Section::::Recognition.

paragraph: Kennedy has a star at 1600 Vine Street in the Motion Pictures section of the Hollywood Walk of Fame.It was dedicated on February 8, 1960.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: Silent

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Baby Mine" (1917) - Zoie

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Nearly Married" (1917) - Betty Griffon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Our Little Wife" (1918) - Dodo Warren

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Danger Game" (1918) (extant; Instituto Valenciano de Cinematografia (Valencia) - Clytie Rogers

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fair Pretender" (1918) (extant; Instituto Valenciano de Cinematografia (Valencia)) - Sylvia Maynard

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Service Star" (1918) - Marilyn March

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Friend Husband" (1918) - Dorothy Dean

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stake Uncle Sam to Play Your Hand" (1918) (short)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Kingdom of Truth" (1918) - Ruth Betts

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Perfect Lady" (1918) (extant: George Eastman, 1 reel) - Lucille Le Jambon, aka Lucy Higgins

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Day Dreams" (1919) - Primrose

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daughter of Mine" (1919) - Rosie Mendelsohn / Lady Diantha

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Leave It to Susan" (1919) - Susan Burbridge

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Through the Wrong Door" (1919) - Isabel Carter

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Strictly Confidential" (1919) (Library of Congress; reel 2) - Fanny O'Gorman

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blooming Angel" (1920) - Floss

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dollars and Sense" (1920) (extant; Library of Congress) - Hazel Farron

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Truth" (1920) - Becky Warder

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Help Yourself" (1920) - Emily Ray

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Highest Bidder" (1921) - Sally Raeburn

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Girl with the Jazz Heart" (1921) - Kittie Swasher / Miriam Smith

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oh Mary Be Careful" (1921) (extant Library of Congress) - Mary Meacham

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Purple Highway" (1923) - April Blair

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Miles Out" (1924) (extant; Gosfilmofond) - Molly Townsend

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Scandal Street" (1925) - Sheila Kane

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bad Company" (1925) - Gloria Waring

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lying Wives" (1925) (George Eastman House; reel 4) - Margery Burkley

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oh, Baby!" (1926) - Dorothy Brennan

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walls Tell Tales" (1928) (short)

paragraph: Talkies

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Marrying Kind" (1953) - Judge Anne B. Carroll

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Main Street to Broadway" (1953) - Mrs. Cope in Fantasy Sequence

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Rains of Ranchipur" (1955) - Mrs. Smiley

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Three Bad Sisters" (1956) - Martha Craig

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Catered Affair" (1956) - Mrs. Joe Halloran

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lust for Life" (1956) - Anna Cornelia Van Gogh

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Houseboat" (1958) - Mrs. Farnsworth

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed" (1958) - Grace Havens

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Official Detective" "Murder In A Girls School" - Miss Greenville (1958)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Plunderers of Painted Flats" (1959) - Mary East

paragraph: BULLET::::- "North by Northwest" (1959) - Mrs. Finlay, US Intelligence Agency official (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let's Make Love" (1960) - Miss Manners, Clement's Secretary (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "They Shoot Horses, Don't They?" (1969) - Mrs. Laydon

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Baby Maker" (1970) - Tish's Grandmother

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Day of the Locust" (1975) - Mrs. Johnson

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Marathon Man" (1976) - Lady in Bank (final film role)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Madge Kennedy at Virtual History

description: American actress

wikidata_label: Madge Kennedy

wikipedia_title: Madge Kennedy


text: basketball

text: Calvert Hall College

text: Towson, Maryland

text: Georgia Tech

text: Atlanta Hawks

text: Topeka Sizzlers

text: Continental Basketball Association

text: free agent

text: 1993–94 NBA season

text: Indiana Pacers

text: Erick Dampier

text: Golden State Warriors

text: Chris Mullin

text: NBA Playoffs

text: Bimbo Coles

text: Mookie Blaylock

text: Duane Ferrell NBA stats

text: "Where Are They Now?": Duane Ferrell

categories: American men's basketball players,McDonald's High School All-Americans,Calvert Hall College High School alumni,Golden State Warriors players,Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball),Small forwards,Shooting guards,African-American basketball players,Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball players,Atlanta Hawks players,Topeka Sizzlers players,Sportspeople from Baltimore,Basketball players from Maryland,1965 births,Indiana Pacers players,Living people

paragraph: Duane Ferrell

paragraph: Duane Ferrell (born February 28, 1965) is retired American professional basketball player.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and college career.

paragraph: Ferrell attended high school at Calvert Hall College in Towson, Maryland where he was part of the 1982 National Championship team, the number one rated high school team in the country during his junior year. He went on to attend Georgia Tech from 1984 to 1988. Ferrell was named the 1985 Atlantic Coast Conference Rookie of the Year and went on to average 18.6 points per game during his senior year at Georgia Tech.

paragraph: Section::::Professional basketball career.

paragraph: Duane Ferrell was never drafted but found his way into the NBA after being signed as a free agent by the Atlanta Hawks in 1988.

paragraph: Ferrell would go on to play in six seasons with the Hawks in the reserve role. His best season came in 1991–92, where he produced a career high of 12.7 points per game while averaging 24.2 minutes per game with Atlanta. In the 1989–90 season, Ferrell started the year playing 40 games for the Topeka Sizzlers in the Continental Basketball Association, averaging 24.3 points per game and earning CBA Newcomer of the Year honors. His performance earned him a return trip to the Hawks to end the season.

paragraph: Ferrell became a free agent at the end of the 1993–94 NBA season and was signed by the Indiana Pacers on September 30, 1994.

paragraph: After three seasons in Indiana, Ferrell and Pacers teammate Erick Dampier were traded to the Golden State Warriors for All-Star veteran Chris Mullin on August 12, 1997. Ferrell finished his NBA career with the Warriors, amassing a total of 11 seasons in the league with five NBA Playoffs runs (three times with the Hawks and twice with the Pacers). In 1999, he was traded back to the Hawks alongside Bimbo Coles in a deal that sent Mookie Blaylock to the Warriors. Ferrell was waived by the Hawks, ending his career.

paragraph: He also worked as the Player Relations and Programs Manager for the Atlanta Hawks until early 2016. Ferrell also gives back to the sport through his involvement with On Court Player Development, a basketball academy and community organization that seeks to develop grassroots basketball programs.

paragraph: Ferrell has had the nickname "Paco" since his college playing days.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duane Ferrell NBA stats @ basketball-reference.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Where Are They Now?": Duane Ferrell

alias:
Duane Ferrell Sr.
Paco

description: American basketball player

wikidata_label: Duane Ferrell

wikipedia_title: Duane Ferrell


text:
correspondent
Obshchaya Gazeta
Anna Politkovskaya
Chechnya
Moscow State University
ITAR-TASS
RIA Novosti
exposé
Chechen
First Chechen War
filtration camps
Samashki
Dzhokhar Dudayev
Sernovodsk
Sernovodsk
Urus-Martanovsky District
Makarov PM
Committee to Protect Journalists
FSB
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
Dudaev
UNESCO
Federico Mayor
Vladislav Listyev
Dimitri Kholodov
Natalia Estemirova
Ramzan Khadzhiev
Nina Yefimova

categories: Women war correspondents,Deaths by firearm in Russia,Russian murder victims,1963 births,Women in the Chechen wars,1996 deaths,Russian torture victims,War correspondents of the Chechen wars,20th-century women writers,Russian political activists,Kidnapped Russian people,Journalists killed while covering the Chechen wars,People murdered in Russia

paragraph: Nadezhda Chaikova

paragraph: Nadezhda Chaikova () (1963–1996) was a correspondent for the Russian weekly "Obshchaya Gazeta". A colleague of Anna Politkovskaya, she had traveled frequently to Chechnya and neighbouring regions. Near the end of the war in 1996 she was kidnapped and killed by unidentified gunmen.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Historian-orientalist by education, Chaikova graduated from the historical faculty of Moscow State University. Before coming to "Obshchaya Gazeta", she had worked in radio and the state news agencies ITAR-TASS and RIA Novosti.

paragraph: During the war in Chechnya, Chaikova was known for her exposés of Russian military atrocities and close contacts with the Chechen resistance. She was known for her hard-hitting coverage of the First Chechen War and issues such as the use of special "filtration camps" by Russian authorities to control the population. Shortly before her death, Chaikova managed to film the devastation and civilian victims in the wake of the Russian raid on the village of Samashki.

paragraph: She was three times in Chechnya to cover war affairs. Nadezhda succeeded to interview then Chechen leader Dzhokhar Dudayev. Third and last assignment began in early of March 1996. She sent her last report "Who can live among corpse and ruins?" ("Кто сможет жить среди трупов и развалин?") from Chechnya, about the village of Sernovodsk.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Death.

paragraph: On March 20, 1996, Chaikova disappeared in Chechnya while on assignment; she was last seen alive near the village of Sernovodsk with a group of refugees from Samashki. Three weeks later on April 11, 1996, her body buried in a sewage pipe in the Chechen village of Gekhi, Urus-Martanovsky District, was found by the village elders. Unable to identify her, three days later they buried the corpse in a corner of their local cemetery in accordance with the Chechen customs. Photos were taken before her burial and a forensic examination of her body after exhumation by the local prosecutors suggest that she was blindfolded and bearing signs of severe beatings. The cause of death was determined to be a gunshot wound to the back of the head, performed from a Makarov PM handgun while she was in kneeling position.

paragraph: According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, the killing may have been work of Russian federal troops angered at her work, in particular the filming of Samashki, or might have been ordered by the Chechen rebels acting on rumors spread by the Russian FSB security service that she was a spy. The federal government never investigated the murder, as the criminal inquiry was soon halted by the federal Russian prosecutor's office "for lack of evidence and substance of a crime." However, according to Russian special services in 2002, Chaykova was killed by people from the Department of State Security of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Chaikova herself had written a letter in which she wrote: "In case I am killed or wounded, you should blame the Russian army or the Russian security services. Please do not put the blame for this on the so-called 'Dudaev's fighters'". She also did leave a videotape, later smuggled out of Chechnya and delivered to her newspaper, on which she revealed how the FSB had been repeatedly trying to turn her into an informant and that she had refused to comply. Death threats then began and soon after this she was dead.

paragraph: Her killing was strongly condemned by the UNESCO Director-General Federico Mayor: "It is with profound indignation that I have learned of the assassination of Nadezhda Chaikova. Her name must now be listed with those of other martyrs of independent Russian media like Vladislav Listyev and Dimitri Kholodov. In strongly condemning this murder, I remind all those who have recourse to violence that it has never solved problems but only makes them worse. I call on Russian and international public opinion to defend journalists working for independent and pluralistic media, for the sustainable development of free societies."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Natalia Estemirova

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ramzan Khadzhiev

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nina Yefimova

description: Russian journalist

wikidata_label: Nadezhda Chaikova

wikipedia_title: Nadezhda Chaikova


text: American

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: Bishop of Providence

text: Archbishop of Baltimore

text: New Britain, Connecticut

text: Irish

text: priesthood

text: St. Thomas Seminary

text: Bloomfield

text: Issy-les-Moulineaux

text: France

text: World War I

text: St. Bernard's Seminary

text: Rochester

text: New York

text: ordained

text: Diocese of Hartford

text: John Joseph Nilan

text: curate

text: Meriden

text: chancellor

text: chaplain

text: Bishop of Providence

text: Rhode Island

text: Pope Pius XI

text: consecration

text: Amleto Giovanni Cicognani

text: James Edwin Cassidy

text: co-consecrators

text: French

text: English

text: Pope Pius XII

text: Michael Joseph Curley

text: Archbishop of Baltimore

text: Maryland

text: American Board of Catholic Missions

text: Assistant at the Pontifical Throne

text: Catholic Church hierarchy

text: Catholic Church in the United States

wikipedia_title: St. Bernard's School of Theology and Ministry

wikipedia_title: List of Catholic bishops in the United States

wikipedia_title: Lists of popes, patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops

categories: Deaths from thrombosis,Religious leaders from Baltimore,American people of Irish descent,American Roman Catholic archbishops,People from New Britain, Connecticut,20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops,Roman Catholic bishops of Providence,Archbishops of Baltimore,Catholic University of America trustees,1890 births,1961 deaths

paragraph: Francis Patrick Keough

paragraph: Francis Patrick Keough (December 30, 1890 – December 8, 1961) was an American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Providence (1934-1947) and Archbishop of Baltimore (1947-1961).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Francis Keough was born in New Britain, Connecticut, the second and youngest son of Patrick and Margaret (née Ryan) Keough. His parents were Irish immigrants, and his father died when Francis was only five years old. He received his early education at the parochial school of St. Mary's Church in his native city, and began his studies for the priesthood at St. Thomas Seminary in Bloomfield. In 1911, he was sent to the Grand Seminary of Saint-Sulpice in Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. He returned home following the outbreak of World War I, and completed his theological studies at St. Bernard's Seminary in Rochester, New York.

paragraph: On June 10, 1916, Keough was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Hartford by Bishop John Joseph Nilan. His first assignment was as a curate at St. Rose Church in Meriden, where he remained until becoming private secretary to Bishop Nilan in 1919. He also served as diocesan director of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, assistant chancellor, and chaplain of two institutions.

paragraph: On February 10, 1934, Keough was appointed the fourth Bishop of Providence, Rhode Island, by Pope Pius XI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following May 22 from Archbishop Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, with Archbishop John Murray and Bishop James Edwin Cassidy serving as co-consecrators. During his tenure in Providence, the Catholic population of the diocese increased from 325,000 to 425,000, and the number of clergy grew by fifty percent. He also founded a minor seminary, eased tensions between the French-speaking and English-speaking members of his congregation, and reduced the heavy financial debts burdening the diocese.

paragraph: On November 29, 1947, Keough was named by Pope Pius XII to succeed Michael Joseph Curley as the eleventh Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland. He was formally installed in the Basilica of the Assumption on February 24, 1948. During the fourteen years of his administration, the Catholic population of the archdiocese, the first Catholic see in the United States, grew from 265,000 to 400,000. The new Cathedral of Mary Our Queen and many new schools, homes, orphanages and other institutions were built. He was a trustee of the Catholic University of America and a member of the American Board of Catholic Missions, and served three terms as chairman of the National Catholic Welfare Conference. Keough was known as the "Archbishop of the poor" due to his dedication to orphans and the aged. He was named an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne in 1959.

paragraph: Keough died from cerebral thrombosis, aged 70.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church hierarchy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Church in the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Catholic bishops of the United States

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site of the Holy See

description: Catholic bishop

wikidata_label: Francis Patrick Keough

wikipedia_title: Francis Patrick Keough


text:
marquess of Bodonitsa
Guy
Isabella
Principality of Achaea
duke of Athens
Pallavicini
Albert

wikipedia_title:
Marquisate of Bodonitsa
Guy Pallavicini
Isabella Pallavicini
Principality of Achaea
Duchy of Athens
Pallavicini family
Albert Pallavicini

categories: Marquesses of Bodonitsa,House of Pallavicino,13th-century rulers in Europe,13th-century Italian people,Year of death unknown,Christians of the Crusades,13th-century births

paragraph: Thomas Pallavicini

paragraph: Thomas Pallavicini () was the marquess of Bodonitsa following a disputed succession in 1286. He was the grandson of Rubino, younger brother of Guy, the first margrave.

paragraph: In 1286, the marchioness Isabella, Guy's daughter, died childless and the marquisate was immediately the subject of disputed claims: that of Thomas and that of her widower. Bodonitsa was a vassal of the Principality of Achaea, which was held by the "bailli" William de la Roche, the duke of Athens, at the time. William, though a relative of the Pallavicini, presiding in his capacity as bailiff over the feudal court of Achaea, did not decide for Thomas as successor of Isabella before Thomas seized the castle of Bodonitsa and thus installed himself undisputedly as master of the march. He ruled it quietly for an unknown period of time, perhaps beyond 1300, and transmitted it to his son Albert.

description: Margrave of Bodonitsa

wikidata_label: Thomas Pallavicini

wikipedia_title: Thomas Pallavicini