text: Harper's Magazine

text: Chasing the Scream

text: Johann Hari

text: Harry J. Anslinger

text: The Historians' History of the World

text: The Story of Modern Science

text: "Modern Warfare"

text: "The private lives of birds"

text: "Your glands and you"

text: Harper's Magazine author page

text: List of books at WorldCat

categories: American print editors,1943 deaths,American non-fiction writers,American historians of science,American addiction physicians,American encyclopedists,1863 births

paragraph: Henry Smith Williams

paragraph: Henry Smith Williams (1863-1943) was a medical doctor, lawyer, and author of a number of books on medicine, history, and science.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: In the introductory "the Author" of his book "" published in 1938, it is stated that this is the author's 119th published book. In addition to his work as a writer, it is claimed that Williams had treated some 10,000 patients in his medical practice. It also announces that he was an expert on the "chemistry and biology of the blood cells" and had spent ten years intensively studying cancer. His brother was the doctor Edward Huntington Williams, with whom he wrote his ""History of Science" (31 volumes)". He authored articles for "Harper's Magazine".

paragraph: In his book, "Chasing the Scream", Johann Hari describes how the 1931 arrest and subsequent imprisonment of Williams' brother, Edward, was orchestrated by Harry J. Anslinger, head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, and that Williams, after pleading for his brother's release, spent much of the rest of his life advocating, as his brother had, for the kinder treatment of addicts (which eventually led to his writing of the book, ""), including prescribing addicts measured doses of the very drugs to which they were addicted, with surprising (anecdotal) success. In his 1938 book, Williams predicted with a high degree of accuracy that, fifty years later, drug-smuggling would grow to become a five-billion-dollar industry. Williams died still trying to end the drug war, his uncharacteristic book and his efforts at speaking out in favor of his brother's beliefs almost entirely suppressed and forgotten.

paragraph: Section::::Select works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Historians' History of the World" (editor)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Story of Modern Science"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Luther Burbank: His Methods and Discoveries and Their Practical Application"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Modern Warfare"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drugs against men",

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The private lives of birds" R.M. McBride & Co. (1939)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Your glands and you" R.M. McBride & Co. (1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Alcohol : how it affects the individual, the community, and the race"

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Manuscripts, inscriptions and muniments, oriental, classical, medieval and modern, described, classified and arranged, comprehending the history of the art of writing." Merrill & Baker (1902)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Drugs Against Men". R.M. McBride & Co. (1935)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Modern Warfare". Hearst's International Library Co. (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" Doubleday, Page & Co. (1920)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "". Goodhue Co. (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Wonder Book of the World's Progress", 10 Volume collection, copyright 1935, Funk & Wagnalls Co.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Harper's Magazine author page

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of books at WorldCat

description: American medical doctor, lawyer, encyclopedist, and author

wikidata_label: Henry Smith Williams

wikipedia_title: Henry Smith Williams


text:
Sir Charles Malet, 1st Baronet
Hartham Park
Wiltshire
Winchester College
Christ Church, Oxford
St. Petersburg
Decembrist revolt
Lisbon
Lord Howden
Miguelite war
The Hague
Vienna
Württemberg
Germanic Confederation
Frankfurt
Prince Bismarck
Revolution in Baden
battle of Sadowa
Roman de Rou
Lord Brougham
Edward Malet

categories: British diplomats,1800 births,1886 deaths,Deputy Lieutenants of Wiltshire,English writers

paragraph: Sir Alexander Malet, 2nd Baronet

paragraph: Sir Alexander Malet, 2nd Baronet (1800–1886) was an English diplomat and writer.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: The eldest son of Sir Charles Malet, 1st Baronet, born at Hartham Park, Wiltshire in June 1800, he succeeded to the baronetcy in 1815. He was educated at Winchester College and at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A. 1822), and entered the diplomatic service in 1824 as unpaid attaché at St. Petersburg. There he was an eye-witness to the Decembrist revolt of 1825.

paragraph: Malet later became secretary of legation at Lisbon under Lord Howden during the Miguelite war of 1832–1834. He served in a similar post at The Hague, and was then secretary of the embassy at Vienna, and British minister at Württemberg.

paragraph: In 1849 Malet became minister plenipotentiary to the Germanic Confederation at Frankfurt, and there formed a close friendship with Prince Bismarck. He was in post from the Revolution in Baden, to the battle of Sadowa, and the expulsion of Austria from the Confederation.

paragraph: On the fall of the Germanic confederation in 1866, Malet retired on a pension, and was made a K.C.B. He died on 28 November 1886.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Malet was the author of:

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Some Account of the System of Fagging at Winchester School, with Remarks … on the late Expulsions thence for resistance to the Authority of the Prefects", London, 1828;

paragraph: BULLET::::- An English metrical translation of Wace's "Roman de Rou", London, 1860; and of

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Overthrow of the Germanic Confederation by Prussia in 1866", London, 1870.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1834 Malet married Marianne Dora, only daughter of John Spalding, of the Holm, Scotland and stepdaughter of Lord Brougham. They had two sons, Lieutenant-colonel Sir Henry Charles Eden Malet, 3rd Baronet, and Edward Malet.

paragraph: Section::::Notes.

paragraph: Attribution

description: English diplomat and writer

wikidata_label: Sir Alexander Malet, 2nd Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir Alexander Malet, 2nd Baronet


text:
imperial vicar of Tuscany
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Guelphs and Ghibellines
Kingdom of Sicily
Plaisance of Antioch
Bohemond V
Frederick of Pettorano
Conrad
Poli
senator of Rome
Anticoli Corrado
Arsoli
Camerata Nuova
Guadagnolo
Roviano
Saracinesco
Albe
Fondi
Via Valeria
Papal States
Manfredi Lancia
Charles of Anjou
March of Ancona
Pontenure
Enzo
Cremona
March of Tuscany
Amelia
Corneto
Ostia
Galvano Lancia
Bolognese students
Siena
Montieri
Florence
podestà
Vita da Cortona
Umiliana de' Cerchi
capitani del popolo
Arezzo
Borgo San Genesio
Fucecchio
Poggibonsi
Prato
San Miniato
San Quirico d'Orcia
Orbetello
Magliano
Castiglione del Lago
Perugia
Orvieto
Lunigiana
Umbria
Maremma
Lyon
Pope Innocent IV
siege of Parma
Manfredi Lancia
Oberto Pelavicino
Ezzelino da Romano
Pietro Ruffo
Taddeo da Sessa
Papal legate
Ottaviano degli Ubaldini
Figline
Primo Popolo
Conrad IV
Foggia
Celano
Loreto Aprutino
county of the Marsi
Thomas II of Aquino
Gualtiero di Manoppello
Manfredi Lancia
Principality of Taranto
Genoese
Tropea
Count of Hohenberg
Anagni
Apulia
Saracen settlers
Lucera
Alexander IV
siege of Foggia
Barletta
Tuscan
Orfinus of Lodi

categories: 13th century in the Republic of Florence,Hohenstaufen,Rulers of Florence,13th-century rulers in Europe,Illegitimate children of Holy Roman Emperors,1250s deaths,Burials at Palermo Cathedral,1220s births

paragraph: Frederick of Antioch

paragraph: Frederick of Antioch ("c". 1223 – 1255/6) was an Italian nobleman who served as the imperial vicar of Tuscany from 1246 to 1250. He was an illegitimate son of the Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and an unidentified southern Italian noblewoman. He took part in the wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines in northern Italy, and in the war over the Kingdom of Sicily following his father's death (1250).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Frederick was the illegitimate son of the Emperor Frederick II and a certain Matilda (Maria) of Antioch, daughter of Robert of Antioch. Contemporary anti-imperial propaganda alleged that Frederick was the product of the emperor's liaison with a Muslim woman in Palestine, but it is almost certain that the child was born in southern Italy, where he spent his youth. The claim that he was a son of Plaisance of Antioch, daughter of the reigning Prince Bohemond V, is unfounded, as is the later claim that his mother's name was Beatrice (Beatrix). Like most of his father's illegitimate children, Frederick was probably born during the period when his father was unmarried (1222–24). At least one illegitimate half-brother of Frederick's shared his name, Frederick of Pettorano, born about eleven years earlier.

paragraph: Between 1236 and 1245, Frederick married Margherita Conti di Poli. As their eldest son, Conrad, was married to Beatrice Lancia in 1258, it is probable that he was born around 1240 and that his parents' marriage pre-dates that. Margherita was the daughter of a Roman nobleman, Giovanni Conti, lord of Poli and at various times a senator of Rome. Besides Poli, he held allodial and feudal land at Anticoli Corrado, Arsoli, Camerata Nuova, Guadagnolo, Roviano and Saracinesco. Giovanni was among Frederick II's followers in Rome in 1229–30, and was rewarded with the county of Albe, which was nearer his other properties, in exchange for that of Fondi. Through his marriage Frederick came to possess important castles and rights along the Via Valeria, an ancient route connecting the Kingdom of Sicily and the Papal States.

paragraph: Although Frederick has been ascribed up to eight children, only two, perhaps three, can be identified from primary documents. His son, Conrad, was alive as late as 1301. His daughter Philippa, born around 1242, married Manfredi Maletta, the grand chamberlain of Manfredi Lancia, in 1258. She was imprisoned by Charles of Anjou and died in prison in 1273. Maria, wife of Barnabò Malaspina, may also have been his daughter.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Imperial vicar in Tuscany.

paragraph: As he did with his other illegitimate offspring, the emperor employed Frederick in various administrative and military functions from a young age. Frederick's ambit was central Italy, and he was appointed imperial vicar general in the March of Ancona in late 1244 or early 1245, when he could not have been much more than twenty years old. After a brief stint at Pontenure with the army of his half-brother Enzo, he was knighted by his father in July 1245 by a Cremona. Between February 1246 and November 1248 he was vicar general in the March of Tuscany and the Papal territory in Tuscany: "in Tuscany from Amelia to Corneto and for all the coast", probably as far south as Ostia. Thereafter until the end of 1250 his vicariate was limited to Tuscany and excluded the Papal territory, which was placed under the vicar Galvano Lancia, father-in-law of Frederick's son Conrad.

paragraph: Frederick's rule in Tuscany was heavy-handed, but effective. He conscripted soldiers—including Bolognese students and merchants of the Guelph party—and levied taxes from all the cities of Tuscany, most notably Siena, to which he temporarily transferred the silver mines of Montieri as partial compensation for his exactions. In Florence, the chief city of Tuscany, internal conflict between the Guelph and Ghibelline parties allowed the emperor to install Frederick as imperial "podestà" there (February 1246). His appointment was understood by Vita da Cortona, the biographer of Florentine holy woman Umiliana de' Cerchi, as a fulfillment of her prophecy about the coming of a tyrant. Umilian herself died shortly after Frederick's arrival in the city. Initially, Frederick attempted to reconcile the two parties, but in the end resorted to removing the Guelph "capitani del popolo" and in early 1248 had the city exile the Guelph leaders and destroy their homes. While he was away on his frequent military campaigns, Frederick delegated his "podesteria" to vicars.

paragraph: During his government of Tuscany, Frederick was constantly on the move. He can be shown to have visited staunchly loyal Siena, as well as the traditionally Ghibelline towns of Arezzo, Borgo San Genesio, Fucecchio, Poggibonsi, Prato, San Miniato and San Quirico d'Orcia. His military campaigns took him to Orbetello and Magliano in November–December 1246, to Castiglione del Lago and Perugia in May–June 1247, to the county of Orvieto in the autumn of 1247, to the Lunigiana some time between the summers of 1246 and 1247 and as far as Umbria and the Maremma between the summer of 1249 and spring of 1250.

paragraph: In March 1247 Frederick met his father in Siena while the latter was on his way to Lyon to meet Pope Innocent IV. A general uprising diverted the emperor, and Frederick went north in August to join the siege of Parma. This was the only time during his vicariate that he ventured north of the Apennines. At Parma he met his half-brother Enzo and his father's other loyal supporters—Manfredi Lancia, Oberto Pelavicino, Ezzelino da Romano, Pietro Ruffo and Taddeo da Sessa. At Parma he was also formally enfeoffed as count of Albe, his father-in-law's old benefice. He had to return swiftly to Florence, however, to prevent it from falling under the control of the Papal legate Ottaviano degli Ubaldini.

paragraph: After defeated the Florentine uprising in the summer of 1247, the loyalty of even the Ghibelline centres was pragmatic rather than ideological. A second Florentine rebellion in the summer of 1250 defeated his troops near the loyal town of Figline. Frederick's representatives were chased from the city and a new government, called the "Primo Popolo" (First People), was instituted in Florence. When Emperor Frederick II died on 13 December 1250, although Frederick and Galvano Lancia learned of his death within a week (between 18 and 20 December), most of the imperial officials in Tuscany abandoned their posts. His administration having collapsed, Frederick nonetheless remained in Tuscany until the autumn (1251).

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Count in the kingdom of Sicily.

paragraph: By February 1252, Frederick had joined his half-brother and father's heir, Conrad IV, in southern Italy. At a meet of the court in Foggia, Conrad confirmed Frederick's possession of the county of Albe and conferred on him those of Celano and Loreto Aprutino. Together Albe and Celano had once formed the county of the Marsi. Neither of these new acquisitions, however, were in Conrad's hands at the time. In 1247, Pope Innocent had restored Count Thomas of Celano and his son Roger to the lands the emperor had confiscated from them, and after the latter's death in 1250 they re-occupied them. Loreto Aprutino had been bestowed by the emperor on Count Thomas II of Aquino, but the latter went over to the Guelf side after Pope Innocent confirmed his possessions in June 1251. At Foggia, Conrad declared Loreto forfeit and transferred it to Frederick. Beginning in the summer of 1252, Frederick, with the help of Gualtiero di Manoppello, re-conquered the counties of Loreto and Celano. The castle of Loreto was the last fortress to fall (1253).

paragraph: Conrad increasingly distrusted Frederick because of the latter's strong connections to the Lancia family: his son was married to Beatrice, whose father Galvano was long associated with Frederick in Tuscany. In 1253, perhaps fearing a Lancia coup to seize the Kingdom of Sicily, Conrad stripped his illegitimate half-brother Manfredi Lancia of all his fiefs save the Principality of Taranto. Frederick and Galvano hired two Genoese ships at Tropea and embarked with their retinues to leave the kingdom.

paragraph: In July 1254, Pope Innocent summoned Manfredi, Frederick and the Count of Hohenberg to a council at Anagni. On 8 September the pope excommunicated them for not handing over Sicily to papal officers and confiscated their fiefs. In September a treaty was signed giving the Pope authority in Apulia, but in October, while accompanying Innocent into his new domains, Manfredi and Frederick escaped. With the aid of the local Saracen settlers they took control of Lucera on 2 November. On 12 November, Innocent, referring to Frederick as "our faithful man" ("fidelis noster"), restored to him the counties of Albe, Celano and Loreto. It is possible that Frederick had entered into negotiations with the pope on his own initiative, but it is more likely that Innocent intended to coax him away from Manfredi, as he had already successfully done with Galvano.

paragraph: After the death of Innocent and the election of Alexander IV in 1255, Frederick re-joined Manfredi in the south. He fought against the papal troops led by Ottaviano degli Ubaldini and the Count of Hohenberg, Berthold, now gone over to the papal side. In August he joined the siege of Foggia. An epidemic swept the camps of both armies in late 1255 or early 1256 and Frederick was among the victims. He was almost certainly dead when Manfredi held court at Barletta in February and handed out rewards to the men who had helped him re-conquer the kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::"King" Frederick.

paragraph: Although he was never formally installed as King of Tuscany, several documents pertaining to the Tuscan communes refer to him as "lord king" ("dominus rex"), "Lord Frederick, son of the emperor, and King" ("dominus Federighus filius domini imperatoris et rex") or "King Frederick" ("re Federigo").

paragraph: Four Tuscan poems variously ascribed to the emperor and to "King Frederick" ("rex Fredericus") may have been written by Frederick of Antioch. Although the evidence is slim, several lines of one poem seem to have been penned by a person with intimate knowledge of Tuscany. Frederick was also the patron of Orfinus of Lodi, a judge who composed a 1,600-line poem, "De regimine et sapientia potestatis", on the office of "podestà".

description: Italian noble

wikidata_label: Frederick of Antioch

wikipedia_title: Frederick of Antioch


text:
Walpole, New Hampshire
engraver
Boston
lithographer
New York
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf
Andreas Müller
Albert Flamm
Barbizon School
Jean-François Millet
Théodore Rousseau
Williamstown, Massachusetts
Pasadena, California
National Academy of Design
Smithsonian American Art Museum
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Brooklyn Museum of Art
High Museum of Art
Milwaukee Art Museum
Yale University Art Gallery

categories: People from Walpole, New Hampshire,1909 deaths,20th-century American painters,American male painters,National Academy of Design members,1838 births,19th-century American painters

paragraph: Alfred Cornelius Howland

paragraph: Alfred Cornelius Howland (12 February 1838 – 17 March 1909) was an American painter.

paragraph: He was born February 12, 1838, in Walpole, New Hampshire. As youth, he worked as an engraver in Boston and a lithographer in New York. From 1859 to 1861 he studied at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf under Andreas Müller and till 1862 to Albert Flamm in Germany. Next few years he spent in Paris and worked with French Barbizon School painters, Jean-François Millet and Théodore Rousseau. He returned to America in 1865 and worked in New York and Williamstown, Massachusetts. He is best known for genre paintings, landscapes and portraits. He died March 17, 1909, in Pasadena, California.

paragraph: Howland was a member of the National Academy of Design and was member of the Academy council from 1880 to 1884.

paragraph: His works can be found in many US museums including Smithsonian American Art Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Brooklyn Museum of Art, High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Milwaukee Art Museum and Yale University Art Gallery.

alias:
Cornelius Howland
Alfred C. Howland
AC howland
A.C. Howland

description: American painter

wikidata_label: Alfred Cornelius Howland

wikipedia_title: Alfred Cornelius Howland


text:
Croatia
football
goalkeeper
Varteks Varaždin
Trnovec Bartolovečki
NK Varaždin
Varaždin
Prva HNL
Singapore
NK Podravina
Ludbreg
Prva HNL
NK Istra 1961
Istra 1961
NK Zavrč
NK Varteks

categories: NK Istra 1961 players,Croatian expatriate footballers,Slovenian PrvaLiga players,Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia,Tampines Rovers FC players,Singapore Premier League players,1990 births,Expatriate footballers in Singapore,Croatian footballers,NK Varaždin players,Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Singapore,Expatriate footballers in Slovenia,Living people,Association football goalkeepers,Croatian First Football League players

paragraph: Saša Dreven

paragraph: Saša Dreven (born 27 January 1990) is a Croatian football goalkeeper. Dreven is currently playing for Varteks Varaždin.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Varaždin.

paragraph: Hailing from Trnovec Bartolovečki, he was a product of the NK Varaždin youth academy and joined the first team in 2009 as a 19-year-old. His debut for Varaždin in the Prva HNL came in a 0–0 draw on 22 November 2009 against NK Slaven Koprivnica. He left the team in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Tampines Rovers.

paragraph: He joined the Singaporean side in 2012 on a free transfer. His debut came on 12 February 2012 against DPMM FC in a 2–2 draw. At the end of the season he was released.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Return to Croatia.

paragraph: Dreven returned to Croatia in the summer of 2013, joining the third-tier side NK Podravina from Ludbreg, making a mark by scoring from a penalty as well. During the winter break, he made his return to Prva HNL signing a -year contract with NK Istra 1961. Following a season at Istra 1961 the former youth international moved on to a short, fruitless stint at NK Zavrč before joining lower-tier fan-run NK Varteks.

paragraph: Section::::Club statistics.

paragraph: "As of 3 April 2013."

description: Croatian footballer

wikidata_label: Saša Dreven

wikipedia_title: Saša Dreven


text: Czernowitz (Cernăuți)

text: Theresianum

text: Vienna

text: jurisprudence

text: economics

text: University of Czernowitz

text: University of Vienna

text: Crown Prince Rudolf

text: Iancu Flondor

text: Franz Joseph

text: Imperial Order of Leopold

text: Grand Cross of the Order of Franz Josef

text: Franz Josef

text: Carol I of Romania

text: Karl I of Austria

text: Baron Alexander Wassilko von Serecki

text: Dumbrăveni

text: Danube Canal

text: Sulina

categories: People from the Duchy of Bukovina,1864 births,20th-century Austrian people,Austrian nobility,University of Vienna alumni,19th-century Austrian people,Romanian nobility,19th-century Austrian politicians,20th-century Austrian politicians,Counts of Austria,Politicians of Bukovina,People from Vyzhnytsia Raion,Ethnic Romanian politicians in Bukovina,Austro-Hungarian politicians,1940 deaths,Royalty and nobility of Austria-Hungary,20th-century Romanian people,19th-century Romanian people,Chernivtsi University alumni

paragraph: Georg Wassilko von Serecki

paragraph: Section::::Activity.

paragraph: George attended the German Gymnasium at Czernowitz (Cernăuți), then the Theresianum in Vienna and graduated with his baccalaureate in 1882. Then he studied jurisprudence and economics at the University of Czernowitz and the University of Vienna. He rejected chauvinism and snobbery and thus joined the international student fraternity "Danubia". He also stood very close to the liberal Romanian association "România Jună". The Romanian balls, that he frequently organized as their committee president, were legendary. For this he was once rewarded in a remarkable manner by Crown Prince Rudolf, who often participated in one of these events.

paragraph: In 1885 the new Romanian political society of young intellectuals led by George Popovici together with Constantin Isopescul, Constantin Morariu (grandnephew of Metropolitan Sylvester-Andrievici Morariu), Iancu Flondor and others, began to fight the conservative wing of large landowners. The young student enthusiastically joined this group. After the 1892 affair surrounding the President of Bukovina, Anton Count Pace von Friedenberg, finally the "youngsters" agreed with the conservatives and founded the political club “Concordia”. In 1898 George was co-founder of the newspaper "Gazeta Bucovina" and became political spokesman of the party.

paragraph: The Baron became a member of the Bukovina Diet and on 8 March 1895 he was elected to the Imperial Council (Reichsrat), as successor of Baron Victor Styrcea (until 1904). During this time he joined the “Hohenwart Club”. Then he founded in Vienna, together with George Popovici, Baron Alexander Hurmuzachi and other Romanian parliamentarians the “Clubul Parlamentar Român” within the Imperial Council, and was elected as vice-president.

paragraph: The Government needed their votes to reach the majority necessary for the adoption of various legislative proposals. The group, therefore, received some benefits for the Romanian community, such as the creation of parallel Romanian classes at the German Gymnasium in Czernowitz. Wassilko also strongly argued against the persecution of Romanians in Transylvania.

paragraph: On 10 June 1904 Wassilko was appointed permanently, and later, in 1907, hereditary member of the Upper House of the Austrian Empire. On 14 September 1904 Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria designated him as Governor of the Duchy Bukovina, a function he held until July 1911. His decorations included, inter alia, the Imperial Order of Leopold, the Grand Cross of the Order of Franz Josef, personally handed over by Emperor Franz Josef, and the Grand Cross of the Order Star of Romania by King Carol I of Romania.

paragraph: In 1919 and 1922, after the union of Southern Bukovina and occupation of Northern Bukovina by Romania, Wassilko was elected with large majority as member of the Romanian Parliament, in which he served as Vice President of the Senate. George was also a strong supporter and later honorary president of the most influential intellectual, cultural and political Romanian union of the 19th and early 20th century, the society "Junimea", which his father had cofounded.

paragraph: After George Wassilko and his brothers Stephan (1869-1933), Alexander (1871-1920) and Victor (1872-1934) had already been honored on December 19, 1905 with the title of Imperial Chamberlain, they were raised to the rank of Count by resolution of Emperor Karl I of Austria for their loyalty to the state and their personal sacrifices (Imperial Resolution of 29 August 1918 in Eckartsau, diploma in Vienna, 19 October).

paragraph: The Wassilko von Serecki family was the only family of Romanian origin whose members bore the title of Count.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: George was the grandson of Baron Iordache and oldest son of Baron Alexander Wassilko von Serecki, Governor of the Duchy of Bukovina, life member of the Upper House in Vienna and Katharina von Flondor.

paragraph: On 5 October 1890 he married at Mendyk Castle Elise von Ohanowicz (b. 20 April 1874, Mendyk Castle – d. 15 October 1943, Cernăuți). They had two sons: Constantin (Costea) (b. 9 August 1891, Berhomet Castle – d. 25 December 1932, Cernăuți) whose wife was Princess Tatiana of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1894-1974) and Alexander (Xandi) (b. 17 November 1893, Castle Berhometh, - d. 27 May 1972, Dumbrăveni) married in first marriage with Anisia von Costin (1897-1965), then with Baroness Margit (1903-1971), daughter of the general of division Eduard von Vetsey.

paragraph: Alexander, being – in the eyes of the communist regime – the head of a “family of “unhealthy origin”, was sentenced in 1949 to five years of forced labor at the Danube Canal near Sulina and then to compulsory domicile at Dumbrăveni until his death.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Die Gothaischen Genealogischen Taschenbücher des Adels S-Z, S. 606, GB 1919

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gothaisches Genealogischen Taschenbuch der Gräflichen Häuser Teil B, S. 536-537, 114. Jahrgang, 1941

paragraph: BULLET::::- Die Flondoraffaire im Bukowinaer Landtage. Nach den stenographischen Protokollen. Czernowitz 1903. Verlag der „Bukowinaer Post“, Druck Isidor Wiehler, Czernowitz, 256 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ion Nistor, Istoria Bucovinei, Editura Humanitas, București 1991

paragraph: BULLET::::- Erich Prokopowitsch, Der Adel in der Bukowina, Verlag "Der Südostdeutsche", München 1983

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ion Drăgușanul, Bucovina faptului divers, Vol. 1,2, Editura Bucovina Viitoare, Suceava, 2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mihai-Ștefan Ceaușu, Czernowitz 1892 in: Wladimir Fischer (Hg.), Räume und Grenzen in Österreich-Ungarn 1867-1918: kulturwissenschaftliche Annäherungen, Francke Verlag 2010

description: Austro-Hungarian politician

wikidata_label: Count Georg Wassilko von Serecki

wikipedia_title: Georg Wassilko von Serecki


text:
right-handed
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Grossmont High School
El Cajon
CA
San Diego Mesa College
University of Oklahoma
Big 12
Philadelphia Phillies
amateur entry draft
Red Barons
Montreal Expos
National League
Ottawa Lynx
Ryan Madson
Michael Bourn
Mike Costanzo
Brad Lidge
Eric Bruntlett
Round Rock Express
Texas Rangers
Oklahoma City RedHawks
Los Angeles Dodgers
Albuquerque
San Diego Padres
York Revolution
Atlantic League

categories: Reading Phillies players,1976 births,Clearwater Phillies players,Albuquerque Isotopes players,Houston Astros players,Living people,Sportspeople from San Diego,Baseball players from New York (state),York Revolution players,Batavia Muckdogs players,Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons players,Round Rock Express players,Philadelphia Phillies players,Major League Baseball pitchers,Oklahoma City RedHawks players,Ottawa Lynx players

paragraph: Geoff Geary

paragraph: Geoffrey Michael Geary (born August 26, 1976) is a former right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Geary graduated from Grossmont High School in 1994 in El Cajon, CA. He attended San Diego Mesa College and the University of Oklahoma. While at Oklahoma Geary went 4–3 with a 2.20 ERA at Oklahoma and led Big 12 in ERA in 1997.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Philadelphia Phillies.

paragraph: Geoff Geary was drafted by Philadelphia Phillies in the 15th round (434th overall) of the amateur entry draft. He was awarded Red Barons Pitcher of the Year in after a stellar year in AAA. That year, he primarily filled three roles: as a starter, set-up man and closer, where he reached career-highs in games (46) and saves (5) and fell one win shy of tying his career high (10). He was awarded Phillies Minor League Pitcher of the Month for June 2003. He also was awarded the Greg Legg Tenth Man Award, by the Scranton booster club, given to a player who comes off the bench to consistently contribute to the success of their team. That year, he made his major league debut on August 27, 2003 against the Montreal Expos, allowing one run in his one inning of work. He appeared in only 5 games in 2003. In 58 innings in , he compiled a 3.72 ERA and showed improvement as the season went on by posting a 2.70 ERA after the all-star break.

paragraph: In , Geary went 7–1 with a 2.96 ERA in 91.1 innings and posted a career best ERA and a team best ERA for pitchers with over 25 innings pitched. He also had the lowest ERA in the National League for relievers with over 80 innings pitched. After making close to the major league minimum from 2003 to 2006, he became eligible for salary arbitration for the first time in the 2006– offseason and was offered $750,000 by the Phillies while he asked for $925,000. Geary agreed to a one-year contract worth $837,500 with the Philadelphia Phillies, avoiding arbitration. Geoff was pitching with the team's AAA affiliate the Ottawa Lynx until July 29, 2007 when the team recalled him after an injury to Ryan Madson.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Astros.

paragraph: On November 7, 2007, Geary was traded to the Houston Astros along with Michael Bourn and Mike Costanzo for Brad Lidge and Eric Bruntlett. Geary had a career year in 2008 for the Astros with a career-low 2.53 ERA in 64 innings pitched. However, in 2009, Geary went 1–3 with an 8.10 ERA in 16 appearances before going on the disabled list May 14 with tendinitis in his right biceps. On June 10, he was activated but placed on waivers and sent outright to Triple-A Round Rock Express. In October 2009 Geary was granted free agency.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Texas Rangers.

paragraph: On December 16, 2009, Geary signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers with an invitation to spring training. He played with the Oklahoma City RedHawks, where he appeared in 23 games and had a record of 4-5 with a 5.37 ERA when he was released on July 27, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: On August 8, 2010, he signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers, and was assigned to Triple-A Albuquerque the following day. He appeared in eight games with a 5.06 ERA.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:San Diego Padres.

paragraph: On February 16, 2011, he was signed to a minor league deal with the San Diego Padres. He was released on March 26.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:After the MLB.

paragraph: After being released from the Padres, Geary signed a contract with the York Revolution of the Atlantic League on June 23, 2011. As of the 2011 Atlantic League All-Star Break (July 11 - July 14), Geary had pitched 8 innings in 8 appearances and had a 4.50 ERA.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Geoff Geary

wikipedia_title: Geoff Geary


text:
Saint
Italian
Roman Catholic
prelate
Order of Saint Benedict
Bishop of Segni
Abbot of Montecassino
Bologna
canon
Siena cathedral
Rome
Montecassino
Pope Paschal II
Pope Lucius III
Solero
Benedictine
convent
Asti
Bologna
college
canon
Siena
ordination
priesthood
Montecassino
Sacred Scripture
Blessed Sacrament
Rome
Blessed Pietro Igneo
Bishop of Segni
Pope Gregory VII
episcopal consecration
Berengarius of Tours
Jesus Christ
Eucharist
Pope Victor III
Pope Urban II
Council of Clermont
First Crusade
Avignon
Cluny
Limoges
Charroux
Poitiers
Moyenmoutier
Tours
Nîmes
Saint-Gilles
Kingdom of France
Pope Paschal II
abbot
Emperor Heinrich V
Civita Castellana
Parma
Pietro di Anagni
suburbicarian diocese
Segni
exegetical
Book of Job
Psalms
Gospels
Pope Leo IX
Pope Lucius III
New Advent
Santi e Beati
Catholic Online
Saints SQPN

categories: Italian Roman Catholic saints,Italian Benedictines,12th-century Christian saints,1040s births,11th-century Roman Catholic bishops,12th-century Latin writers,Bishops in Lazio,12th-century Roman Catholic bishops,12th-century Italian people,University of Bologna alumni,1123 deaths,People from the Province of Alessandria,11th-century venerated Christians,11th-century Christian saints,Benedictine abbots,Venerated Catholics,Benedictine bishops,Benedictine saints,12th-century venerated Christians,11th-century Italian people

paragraph: Bruno (bishop of Segni)

paragraph: Saint Bruno di Segni (c. 1045 – 18 July 1123) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate and professed member from the Order of Saint Benedict who served as the Bishop of Segni and the Abbot of Montecassino. He studied under the Benedictines in Bologna before being appointed as the canon of the Siena cathedral and before he was invited to Rome where he became a bishop and counselled four consecutive popes. He served as an abbot in Montecassino but his chastising Pope Paschal II on the Concordat of Segni in 1111 prompted the pope to relieve him from his duties as abbot and ordered Bruno to return to his diocese where he died just over a decade later.

paragraph: Bruno's canonization was celebrated on 5 September 1181 under Pope Lucius III who presided over the celebration in the late bishop's diocese.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Bruno was born circa 1045 in Solero either to nobles or parents of modest means named Andrea and Guglielmina. He spent his theological education in a Benedictine convent of Santa Perpetua near his town in Asti and in Bologna at the college there where he also studied humanities and the liberal arts. He became a canon in Siena in 1073 after his ordination to the priesthood around that stage and was assigned as a pastor there. This happened after he decided to go to Montecassino to be a monk but during the trip fell ill in Siena where he remained subject to the needs of the local bishop who thought it best to name Bruno as the cathedral canon. Bruno became noted for his defending orthodox faith and for his extensive knowledge of Sacred Scripture though was better known for his teachings and ardent devotion to the Blessed Sacrament. Bruno later moved to Rome in about 1079 after he was summoned there on the account of his broad learning and great piousness where he was a guest of Blessed Pietro Igneo. Bruno was appointed as the Bishop of Segni in 1079 after the canons selected him and Pope Gregory VII himself - a good friend to Bruno and who often sought his counsel - granted episcopal consecration to him in 1080. In 1079 in Rome - before the pope himself - he obliged Berengarius of Tours to retreat his heretical claim that there existed no real presence of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist in a move that won him much praise and admiration.

paragraph: In April 1082 he was travelling from Segni to Rome when Adolfo di Segni seized and imprisoned him. He was freed and returned to Rome but was imprisoned once more alongside the pope in the Sant'Angelo castle. Pope Victor III named him as the Vatican Librarian and he held the position until he left for Montecassino in 1099.

paragraph: Bruno had connections to Pope Urban II whom he accompanied to the Council of Clermont in late 1095 where the First Crusade was inaugurated. He travelled with the pope to Avignon from 11-13 September before setting off for Cluny on 25 October and to the council on 18 November. He accompanied the pope to Limoges from 23-31 December and then onwards to Charroux before going with him to Poitiers on 22 January 1096. Bruno accompanied Urban II to Moyenmoutier on 10 March before going to Tours from 14-20 March and then to Poitiers again from 30 March to 14 April. Their last two destinations were in Nîmes on 12 July and Saint-Gilles on 20 July. In 1099 he entered Montecassino convent without resigning his episcopal see or severing his relations with the outside world. He undertook a mission to the Kingdom of France for Pope Paschal II in 1106 remaining with the pope for several months after his return before returning to his cloister where he was elected as abbot for Montecassino in November 1107. Paschal II made no objection to this pluralism until Bruno condemned the pope's signing of the Concordat of Segni in 1111 was forced to resign his position as the abbot and return to Segni as its bishop. He and other Italian and French bishops rejected the "Privilgegium" that Emperor Heinrich V extorted from the pope in the latter's imprisonment and censured the pope in a letter for conceding to the king the right to investiture of abbots and bishops. His chastising the pope led to the frustrated Paschal II in turn chastising Bruno for shirking his duties and forced him to return to Segni. He served as a legate to France twice in 1104 and 1106 while he visited Civita Castellana with the pope on 8 September 1105 and in Parma on 2 November 1106. Bruno was also present in Segni to welcome the pope on 4 June 1109 who celebrated the canonization for Bruno's old friend Pietro di Anagni. Bruno once made the mistake when he claimed that priests who committed simonical acts could not perform the Sacraments but he was proven to be wrong since it did not undo the sacrament of ordination despite how severe it was.

paragraph: There is confusion as to whether or not Bruno had been made a cardinal. It is said that he declined the cardinalate while other sources suggest he had been made the Cardinal-Bishop of Segni even though the suburbicarian diocese had not existed at that stage. Some sources suggest that Urban II named him as a cardinal in 1086 while others believe that he was named as a cardinal on 18 July 1079.

paragraph: He died at Segni in mid-1123. Bruno's published works are considered to be exegetical for the most part. He condemned simonical practices in a document written prior to 1109 entitled "Libellus de simoniacis". He authored commentaries on the Book of Job and the Psalms as well as on the four Gospels. Bruno also wrote on the lives of Pope Leo IX and Pietro di Anagni. There are 145 homilies of his that are still preserved.

paragraph: Section::::Sainthood.

paragraph: Bruno's canonization was celebrated under Pope Lucius III on 5 September 1181 in Segni. He is considered the patron saint for Segni.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New Advent

paragraph: BULLET::::- Santi e Beati

paragraph: BULLET::::- Catholic Online

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saints SQPN

description: Abbot of Montecassino

wikidata_label: Bruno

wikipedia_title: Bruno (bishop of Segni)


text:
speed skater
Daiwa House Industries Co. Ltd

categories: 1980 births,Japanese female speed skaters,Asian Games silver medalists for Japan,Japanese female cyclists,Speed skaters at the 2003 Asian Winter Games,Asian Games medalists in speed skating,Cyclists at the 2002 Asian Games,Olympic cyclists of Japan,Living people,Speed skaters at the 2007 Asian Winter Games,Speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics,Asian Games medalists in cycling,Speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics,Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games,Olympic speed skaters of Japan,World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships medalists,Medalists at the 2003 Asian Winter Games,Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan,Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Olympics,Speed skaters at the 1999 Asian Winter Games

paragraph: Sayuri Osuga

paragraph: Sayuri Osuga (, born 27 October 1980) is a Japanese speed skater and cyclist. She is one of the few athletes who started both in the Winter Games 2002 and 2006 (in the 500 m speed skating event) and in the 2004 Summer Games (in the 500 m time trial cycling event, placing 10th). Until 2006, she was a member of the professional Sankyoseiki speedskating team. She placed first and third in the Speedskating World Cup. She holds the Japanese records in the 500 m speed skating and the 500 m time trial event. From 2006 to 2011, she was sponsored by the construction company Daiwa House Industries Co. Ltd. She retired in 2011.

paragraph: Section::::Speed skating results.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2007

paragraph: Section::::Cycling palmarès.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004

description: Japanese speed skater and racing cyclist

wikidata_label: Sayuri Osuga

wikipedia_title: Sayuri Osuga


text: Vissenaken

text: Irish

text: Scottish

text: priest

text: pilgrimage

text: Rome

text: Tienen

text: Belgium

text: Rumbold, patron saint of Mechelen

text: bubonic plague

text: miraculously

text: wine

text: venerated

text: Saint Himelin

categories: 750 deaths,Flemish Brabant,Medieval Irish saints,8th-century Irish people,Year of birth missing,Belgian Roman Catholic saints,People from Tienen,Medieval Scottish saints,8th-century Christian saints

paragraph: Himelin

paragraph: Saint Himelin (Hymelin, Himelinus) (died Vissenaken, c. 750 AD) was an Irish or Scottish priest who, returning from a pilgrimage to Rome, fell ill when passing through Vissenaken (in present-day part of the municipality Tienen in Belgium).

paragraph: He is said to have been the brother of Rumbold, patron saint of Mechelen.

paragraph: The legend of Saint Himelin states that in Vissenaken he asked a girl for some water. She refused, as there was bubonic plague in the area. However, after much insistence from Himelin, she finally gave him a pitcher of water, which miraculously turned into wine. Himelin died three days later of the plague. He is venerated on 10 March. His cult is confined to Vissenaken.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Himelin at "Saints.SQPN.com"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Saint Himelin at "Saint Celtes et Belges" (3 bios) archived by "WaybackMachine" at web.archive.org

description: Scottish priest and saint

wikidata_label: Himelin

wikipedia_title: Himelin


text:
South Coffeyville, Oklahoma
Covina, California
composer
Eastman School of Music
American Conservatory of Music
Leo Sowerby
Harvard University
Walter Piston
Nadia Boulanger
Monmouth College
Columbia University
Teachers College
Scripps College
NBC Radio
Office of War Information
World War II
Pulitzer Prize for Music
Symphony Concertante
Delta Omicron
Ruggiero Ricci
E-flat major
Symphony Concertante
F major
Thunderbolt!
Gerald McBoing-Boing
Dr. Seuss
Two Gals and a Guy
The Desperate Hours
Daniele Amfitheatrof
Ron Goodwin
Kubik papers at Kansas State University

categories: 20th-century classical composers,Harvard University alumni,Pulitzer Prize for Music winners,1984 deaths,20th-century American composers,People from Nowata County, Oklahoma,Guggenheim Fellows,Eastman School of Music alumni,Male film score composers,American male classical composers,Mannes College The New School for Music alumni,American Conservatory of Music alumni,American classical composers,Pupils of Nadia Boulanger,1914 births,American film score composers,Pupils of Walter Piston

paragraph: Gail Kubik

paragraph: Gail Thompson Kubik (September 5, 1914, South Coffeyville, Oklahoma – July 20, 1984, Covina, California) was an American composer, music director, violinist, and teacher.

paragraph: Section::::Education and career.

paragraph: Kubik studied at the Eastman School of Music, the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago with Leo Sowerby, and Harvard University with Walter Piston and Nadia Boulanger. He taught violin and composition at Monmouth College and composition and music history at Columbia University (1937), Teachers College and Scripps College.

paragraph: Joining NBC Radio as staff composer in New York in 1940, he was music director for the Motion Picture Bureau at the Office of War Information, where, during World War II, he composed and conducted the music scores of motion pictures. He won the 1952 Pulitzer Prize for Music for "Symphony Concertante".

paragraph: He was a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "American Caprice" for piano and orchestra (1933 ; orch. 1936)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano Trio (1934)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Violin Concerto, Op. 4 (1934-6)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Violin Concerto No. 2 (1940/41, recorded by Ruggiero Ricci)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 1 in E-flat major (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sonata for piano (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Symphony Concertante" for piano, viola, trumpet and orchestra (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 2 in F major (1954-6)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Symphony No. 3 (1956)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divertimento No. 1 for thirteen players (1959)

paragraph: BULLET::::- String Quartet (1960)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Divertimento No. 2 for eight players (1969)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In Praise of Johnny Appleseed" (for bass, chorus, and orchestra)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Opera.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Boston Baked Beans" (1952)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Mirror for the Sky" (a folk opera, first performed 1957)

paragraph: Section::::Works.:Film scores.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Men and Ships" (1940)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Colleges at War" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Menpower" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Paratroops" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The World at War" (1942)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dover" (1942, aka "Dover Front Line")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Earthquakers" (1943)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Air Pattern-Pacific" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (1944)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Thunderbolt!" (1947)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "C-Man" (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gerald McBoing-Boing" (1950 cartoon based on a story by Dr. Seuss); Kubik composed also a longer version which is sometimes performed as a narrated concert piece with Dr. Seuss's text

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Miner's Daughter" (1950)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Two Gals and a Guy" (1951, aka "Baby and Me") (incidental music, also served as musical director)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Desperate Hours" (1955). Additional music by Daniele Amfitheatrof (uncredited)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Thank a Fool" (1962) This score was later replaced by Ron Goodwin

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music for Bells"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Kubik papers at Kansas State University

description: American composer

wikidata_label: Gail Kubik

wikipedia_title: Gail Kubik


text: Argentine

text: National Gendarmerie

text: Province of Santa Fe

text: Rosario

text: Dirty War

text: Intelligence Battalion 601

text: Argentine Army

text: Juan Perón

text: Acebal, Santa Fe

text: Proceso de Reorganización Nacional

text: José Rubén Lo Fiego

text: Mario Alfredo Marcote

text: Centro Popular de la Memoria

text: Leopoldo Galtieri

text: Formosa

text: Alberto Gollán

text: Paraguay

text: Ley de Obediencia Debida

text: Ley de Punto Final

text: Raúl Alfonsín

text: pardon

text: Carlos Menem

text: domicile

text: Buenos Aires

text: La Capital

text: "Los territorios de la Causa Feced."

categories: Missing person cases in Argentina,People from Rosario Department,Missing people,Rosario, Santa Fe,Operatives of the Dirty War,People declared dead in absentia,1990s deaths,1921 births,1980s missing person cases,Argentine police officers convicted of murder

paragraph: Agustín Feced

paragraph: Agustín Feced (born June 11, 1921, died 1980s or 1990s) was a Major and Commander of the Argentine National Gendarmerie, and the head of the Police of the Province of Santa Fe for the city of Rosario, during the Dirty War. He was in charge of the 2nd Regional Police Corps, and he was also part of Intelligence Battalion 601 of the Argentine Army since June 1974, before the beginning of the military dictatorship, in the last days of the presidency of Juan Perón.

paragraph: He was born in Acebal, Santa Fe. He was officially declared dead in 1986 but this is disputed, it has been widely claimed that he was still alive after this date.

paragraph: Section::::Disappearance.

paragraph: Between 1976 and 1979, and already under the dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, Feced was the head of the Intelligence Service of the 2nd Corps, which doubled as an illegal detention center (the major one in the area, of a total of about 10). His office coordinated the repressive scheme in Rosario and its neighboring areas. People were kidnapped by squads and taken to the IS to be held and tortured. Feced is known to have taken part in the kidnappings, in torture sessions when the victim was for some reason interesting to him, and in the killings, which were often conducted in faraway locations and sometimes passed as fights between the police and armed terrorists. Two of Feced's foremost assistants in these crimes were José Rubén Lo Fiego and Mario Alfredo Marcote.

paragraph: The Intelligence Service is now a memorial site called "Centro Popular de la Memoria" (People's Memorial Center), preserved by an organization of victims' relatives.

paragraph: Section::::Initial investigations.

paragraph: According to the extensive research conducted after the end of the Proceso, 720 people were "disappeared" in Santa Fe and 350 in Rosario. Feced, together with then-Commander of the 2nd Army Corps Leopoldo Galtieri, is considered responsible for most of them. Before the closing of the case against him, Feced was accused of 270 crimes against humanity. Though Rosario had comparatively a smaller amount of "disappeared" people than other metropolitan areas, the proportion of those kidnapped that were set free from the detention centers and camps is also smaller, and there were many more victims of torture and murder.

paragraph: The Supreme Council of the Armed Council started an investigation about Feced in 1983, and produced a large amount of documentation including lists of missing people, anonymous burials in a cemetery in Rosario, and tens of criminal collaborators.

paragraph: Section::::Feced's cover-up and alleged death.

paragraph: This investigation took 3 years before it was passed on to the Federal Justice in Rosario. Feced was in theory to be in prison since the official opening of the case on January 31, 1984; later he was transferred by justice to the custody of the Military Hospital of Campo de Mayo (Buenos Aires). There he is claimed to have undergone heart surgery in 1985. At the time, though, he was in fact free in Formosa. These facts point to complicity and protection by many powerful interest (military, government officials, and some powerful businessmen such as Alberto Gollán). On July 21, 1986, Feced was officially declared dead by the Military Hospital.

paragraph: Many witnesses, survivors of the IS, claim to have seen Feced alive after that date. An admission book of the Ariston Hotel in Rosario, presented as evidence to the court by journalist Claudio de Luca, showed a signature with Feced's handwriting, dated July 29, 1988. Francisco Oyarzábal, brother of a murdered victim, reported that Feced had been seen alive in Paraguay.

paragraph: The investigation of the Intelligence Service case was archived in 1987 after the passing of the laws called "Ley de Obediencia Debida" (Law of Due Obedience) and "Ley de Punto Final" (Full Stop Law), during the presidency of Raúl Alfonsín, which restricted the accountability for human rights abuses to the highest levels of the military hierarchy (who had been already tried) and put an end to ongoing criminal investigations into the lower levels.

paragraph: On December 15, 1989, the Penal Federal Court of Rosario, without giving weight to the above inconsistencies, declared the case against Feced extinct (closed) due to his alleged death. The rest of the people involved in the crimes of the Intelligence Service were pardoned by decree of President Carlos Menem in 1989–1990.

paragraph: Section::::Del Frade's research.

paragraph: Research conducted by journalist Carlos del Frade since 1999, and published in 2002, shows that Feced's last recorded domicile was in the city of Buenos Aires. Though he was supposedly ill and senile, one of his former neighbors, interviewed by del Frade, contradicts this impression.

paragraph: Within the San Antonio Cemetery in Formosa, in the area reserved for members of the Gendarmería, there is a grave with the name of Agustín Feced, and an announcement in the local newspaper "La Mañana" says that he was buried there the same day of his death, at 5:30 PM. The official records of the cemetery show only one person being buried there and then, and it is not Feced; but he does appear in an old notebook also found there. The unofficial record in the notebook was written by Ramón Giménez, Feced's son-in-law and then a top government official. Feced's coffin is sealed in the wall next to another one that dates from the mid-1990s, and almost 3 meters above the ground. According to the guardian of the cemetery, San Antonio did not have lifts for coffins "until a few years ago" (1999), and work hours are 8:00 AM to 1:00 PM, so Feced could not have been buried like that "unless [somebody] brought three ladders and a lot of people to get [the coffin] up there."

paragraph: Section::::Re-opening of the case.

paragraph: The case against the officers of the Intelligence Division, including Feced and many of his collaborators, was re-opened by federal judge Omar Digerónimo on September 6, 2004, who ordered a number of arrests. José Lo Fiego, Mario Marcote and another former police officer, José Carlos Scortechini, surrendered themselves almost immediately, but denying all the accusations.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Capital, 2003-10-05. "Los territorios de la Causa Feced."

paragraph: BULLET::::- La Capital, 2004-09-07. "Digerónimo firmó el decreto de reapertura de la causa Feced."

description: Argentine police commander

wikidata_label: Agustín Feced

wikipedia_title: Agustín Feced


text:
Neustria
Soissons
Frankish
Clotaire I
Aregund
Berny
Paris
Amiens
Arras
Cambrai
Thérouanne
Tournai
Boulogne
Charibert
Paris
Guntram
Burgundy
Orléans
Sigebert
Austrasia
Theudebert
Brunhilda
Visigothic
Spain
Athanagild
Audovera
Fredegund
Galswintha
Tours
Poitiers
Aquitaine
Childebert II
Breton
Waroch II
Bro-Wened
Vilaine
Poitou
Touraine
Anjou
Maine
Bayeux
Saxons
Vannes
Venantius Fortunatus
Gregory of Tours
Nero
Herod
Trinity
Sedulius
Salic law
villa
Chelles
Audovera
Theudebert
Brunhilda
Basina
Galswintha
Fredegund
Rigunth
Clotaire
Chilpéric
Hervé
Ghent
Dahmus, Joseph Henry
History of the Franks: Books I-X

categories: 6th-century Frankish writers,6th-century Frankish kings,Merovingian kings,Burials at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés,Frankish warriors,584 deaths,539 births,6th-century murdered monarchs

paragraph: Chilperic I

paragraph: Chilperic I (c. 539 – September 584) was the king of Neustria (or Soissons) from 561 to his death. He was one of the sons of the Frankish king Clotaire I and Queen Aregund.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Immediately after the death of his father in 561, he endeavoured to take possession of the whole kingdom, seized the treasure amassed in the royal town of Berny and entered Paris. His brothers, however, compelled him to divide the kingdom with them, and Soissons, together with Amiens, Arras, Cambrai, Thérouanne, Tournai, and Boulogne fell to Chilperic's share. His eldest brother Charibert received Paris, the second eldest brother Guntram received Burgundy with its capital at Orléans, and Sigebert received Austrasia. On the death of Charibert in 567, Chilperic's estates were augmented when the brothers divided Charibert's kingdom among themselves and agreed to share Paris.

paragraph: Not long after his accession, however, he was at war with Sigebert, with whom he would long remain in a state of—at the very least—antipathy. Sigebert defeated him and marched to Soissons, where he defeated and imprisoned Chilperic's eldest son, Theudebert. The war flared in 567, at the death of Charibert. Chilperic immediately invaded Sigebert's new lands, but Sigebert defeated him. Chilperic later allied with Guntram against Sigebert (573), but Guntram changed sides and Chilperic again lost the war.

paragraph: When Sigebert married Brunhilda, daughter of the Visigothic sovereign in Spain (Athanagild), Chilperic also wished to make a brilliant marriage. He had already repudiated his first wife, Audovera, and had taken as his concubine a serving-woman called Fredegund. He accordingly dismissed Fredegund, and married Brunhilda's sister, Galswintha. But he soon tired of his new partner, and one morning Galswintha was found strangled in her bed. A few days afterwards Chilperic married Fredegund.

paragraph: This murder was the cause of more long and bloody wars, interspersed with truces, between Chilperic and Sigebert. In 575, Sigebert was assassinated by Fredegund at the very moment when he had Chilperic at his mercy. Chilperic then made war with the protector of Sigebert's wife and son, Guntram. Chilperic retrieved his position, took from Austrasia Tours and Poitiers and some places in Aquitaine, and fostered discord in the kingdom of the east during the minority of Childebert II.

paragraph: In 578, Chilperic sent an army to fight the Breton ruler Waroch II of the Bro-Wened along the Vilaine. The Frankish army consisted of units from the Poitou, Touraine, Anjou, Maine, and Bayeux. The "Baiocassenses" (men from Bayeux) were Saxons and they in particular were routed by the Bretons. The armies fought for three days before Waroch submitted, did homage for Vannes, sent his son as a hostage, and agreed to pay an annual tribute. He subsequently broke his oath but Chilperic's dominion over the Bretons was relatively secure, as evidenced by Venantius Fortunatus's celebration of it in a poem.

paragraph: Most of what is known of Chilperic comes from "The History of the Franks" by Gregory of Tours. Gregory detested Chilperic, calling him "the Nero and Herod of his time" (VI.46): he had provoked Gregory's wrath by wresting Tours from Austrasia, seizing ecclesiastical property, and appointing as bishops counts of the palace who were not clerics. Gregory also objected to Chilperic's attempts to teach a new doctrine of the Trinity.

paragraph: Chilperic's reign in Neustria saw the introduction of the Byzantine punishment of eye-gouging. Yet, he was also a man of culture: he was a musician of some talent, and he wrote verse (modelled on that of Sedulius); he attempted to reform the Frankish alphabet; and he worked to reduce the worst effects of Salic law upon women.

paragraph: In September 584, while returning from a hunting expedition at his royal villa of Chelles, Chilperic was stabbed to death by an unknown assailant.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Chilperic I's first marriage was to Audovera. They had five children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theudebert (killed at battle 573).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Merovech (killed by a servant at his request in 577), married the widow Brunhilda (his aunt by marriage) and became his father's enemy

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clovis (assassinated by Fredegund in 580).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Basina (d. aft. 590), nun, led a revolt in the abbey of Poitiers

paragraph: BULLET::::- Childesinda (died young from dysentery)

paragraph: His short second marriage to Galswintha produced no children.

paragraph: His concubinage and subsequent marriage to Fredegund in about 568 produced six more legitimate offspring:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rigunth (born c. 569 – aft. 589), betrothed to Reccared but never married.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chlodebert (c. 570/72 – 580), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Samson (c. 573 – late 577), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dagobert (c. 579/80 – 580), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Theuderic (c. 582 – 584), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clotaire (born before September 584 – died 18 October 629), Chilperic's successor in Neustria, later sole king of the Franks.

paragraph: Section::::Etymology.

paragraph: Chilperic's name in Frankish meant "powerful supporter", akin to German "hilfreich" "auxiliary" (cf. German "Hilfe" "aid" and "reich" "rich, orig. powerful")

paragraph: Section::::Cultural references.

paragraph: An operetta on the subject, "Chilpéric", was created by Hervé, first performed in 1864.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sérésia, "L'Eglise el l'Etat sous les rois francs au VI siècle" (Ghent, 1888).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dahmus, Joseph Henry. "Seven Medieval Queens". 1972.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Franks: Books I-X At Medieval Sourcebook.

wikidata_label: Chilperic I

wikipedia_title: Chilperic I


text:
Clovis II
Neustria
Burgundy
Balthild
Audoin (bishop)
Saint Eligius
Historia Langobardorum
Lombard
Grimoald I of Benevento
Saint Eligius
Bede
Austrasia
Childeric II
mayor of the palace
Erchinoald
Ebroin
Bede
Liber Historiae Francorum
Theuderic III
roi fainéant
Merovingian dynasty

categories: 673 deaths,Medieval child rulers,Merovingian kings,7th-century Frankish kings,652 births,Frankish warriors,Frankish kings of Burgundy

paragraph: Chlothar III

paragraph: Chlothar III (or "Chlotar", "Clothar", "Clotaire", "Chlotochar", or "Hlothar", giving rise to the name Lothair; 652–73) was the eldest son of Clovis II, king of Neustria and Burgundy, and his queen Balthild. When Clovis died in 658, Chlothar succeeded him under the regency of his mother. Only a month beforehand, according to the near-contempoary "Life of Eligius" by the courtier Audoin (bishop) of Rouen, Saint Eligius had prophesied the death of Clovis, Balthild's downfall, and Chlothar's short reign.

paragraph: Few things are known about the time of Chlothar's reign. The "Historia Langobardorum" reports that in the early 660s a Frankish army invaded Provence and then Italy. This force came upon the camp of the Lombard king Grimoald I of Benevento, at Rivoli near Asta. Grimuald pretended to flee. The Franks looted the camp and celebrated. Then, after midnight, Grimuald attacked and drove them back to Neustria.

paragraph: After the death of Saint Eligius in 661, the "Life of Eligius" records that a plague reduced the population of France's cities. A plague in the British Isles, according to Bede, did the same there in 664.

paragraph: During the regency, Austrasians requested a king of their own and, in 662, Chlothar's court sent another son of Clovis II, Childeric II, to be king there.

paragraph: Also during his reign, the mayor of the palace Erchinoald died and a council of Franks elected Ebroin to replace him. Ebroin's early administrative authority was significant: Bede tells the story of how, in 668, the newly appointed Theodore of Canterbury could only travel through the Frankish kingdoms from Rome with the mayor's permission. Chlothar may have been more politically active after this time, as he reached the age of majority in 669. The nearest contemporary chronicle, the Liber Historiae Francorum of 727, relates only that he ruled for four years (presumably a reference to his active years 669-673) and then died. He is confirmed as still being in the sixteenth year of his reign in a chronological note in a Victorian Easter table of 673. His brother Theuderic III succeeded him as king later that same year.

paragraph: It is notable that he is often described as the first "roi fainéant"—do-nothing king—of the Merovingian dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fouracre, P., & R. Gerberding, "Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography 640-720" (Manchester, 1996).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Geary, Patrick, "Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World" (Oxford, 1988).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gerberding, Richard, "The Liber Historiae Francorum and the Rise of the Carolingians" (Oxford, 1987).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Wood, Ian, "The Merovingian Kingdoms 450-751" (Harlow, 1994).

description: King of Naustria and Burgundy

wikidata_label: Chlothar III

wikipedia_title: Chlothar III


text: Chinese

text: sea goddess

text: several other names and titles

text: deified form

text: Fujian

text: shamaness

text: tutelary deity

text: seafarer

text: fishermen

text: sailor

text: overseas Chinese

text: Southeast Asia

text: miraculous

text: Taiwan

text: temple festival

text: Hongwu Emperor

text: shamaness

text: Meizhou Island

text: Fujian

text: Putian County

text: sinicized

text: cult

text: legends

text: Quanzhou

text: Liu Congxiao

text: Chinese lunar calendar

text: Song

text: given name

text: Records of Research into the Divine

text: Guanyin

text: been incarnated

text: Confucius

text: Buddhist sutra

text: Lin Yaoyu

text: Lin Linchang

text: Buddhist monk

text: Buddha nature

text: see the future

text: visit places in spirit

text: Taoist immortal

text: exorcize

text: demons

text: rainmaker

text: typhoon

text: trance

text: loom

text: Fengtin

text: seizure

text: Double Ninth Festival

text: Heaven

text: filial piety

text: Nangan Island

text: Chinese myth

text: demons

text: Qianliyan

text: Shunfeng'er

text: martial arts

text: Taoist Canon

text: Big Dipper

text: Laojun

text: Laozi

text: Huang Gongdu

text: Liao Pengfei

text: Qiaodou Village

text: Emperor Huizong of Song

text: Lu Yundi

text: Goryeo

text: Yejong

text: Liao dynasty

text: Injong

text: Li Junfu

text: Liu Kezhuang

text: Fengting

text: Song

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Xianyou

text: piracy

text: contraception

text: overseas Chinese

text: Islamic

text: Ming

text: Zheng He

text: Nanjing

text: Yongle Emperor

text: Tianfei Palace

text: Southern Ming

text: Qing

text: Koxinga

text: capture

text: Taiwan

text: the Dutch

text: Shi Lang

text: Liu Guoxuan

text: Penghu

text: independent kingdom

text: Koxinga's descendants

text: Zhu Shugui

text: Tainan

text: Grand Matsu Temple

text: effigies

text: Qing

text: 1884 victory

text: French

text: Tamsui District

text: Sino-French War

text: the town's temple to her

text: Sinosphere

text: overseas Chinese

text: Taiwan

text: Mazu Temples in Hong Kong

text: Mainland China

text: Buddhism

text: Taoism

text: Meizhou Island

text: Guangdong

text: Hainan

text: Zhejiang

text: Jiangsu

text: A-Ma Temple

text: Macao Island

text: historic and protected

text: Tin Hau Temple, Causeway Bay

text: Tin Hau area

text: Chinese temple

text: Australia

text: Tanjung Simpang Mengayau

text: Kudat

text: Borneo

text: Sabah

text: world's tallest statue

text: Mazu of Tianjin

text: Meizhou Island

text: Zhenlan Temple

text: Taichung

text: Taiwan

text: temple festival

text: Chinese lunar calendar

text: Zhenlan Temple

text: Taichung

text: Chaotian Temple

text: Beigang

text: Tianhou Temple

text: Lukang

text: Double Ninth Festival

text: religious statuary

text: door gods

text: Qianliyan

text: Shunfeng'er

text: Lin Moniang

text: TV series

text: Mazu

text: List of Mazu temples in South East Asia

text: Hung Shing

text: Baishatun Mazu Pilgrimage

categories: Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity,Sea and river goddesses,Deified Chinese people,Mother goddesses,Chinese goddesses,Mazuism,Taoism in Guangdong,Chinese mythology,Tutelary deities,Folk saints

paragraph: Mazu

paragraph: Mazu is a Chinese sea goddess also known by several other names and titles. She is the deified form of the purported historical Lin Mo or Lin Moniang, a Fujianese shamaness whose life span is traditionally dated from 960 to 987. Revered after her death as a tutelary deity of seafarers, including fishermen and sailors, her worship spread throughout China's coastal regions and overseas Chinese communities throughout Southeast Asia. She was thought to roam the seas, protecting her believers through miraculous interventions. She is now generally regarded by her believers as a powerful and benevolent Queen of Heaven. Mazuism is popular in Taiwan as the majority of Taiwanese are of Fujianese descent; her temple festival is a major event in the country, with the largest celebrations around her temples at Dajia and Beigang.

paragraph: Section::::Names and titles.

paragraph: In addition to Mazu or Ma-tsu, meaning "Maternal Ancestor" "Mother", "Granny", or "Grandmother", Lin Moniang is worshipped under various other names and titles:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mazupo ("Granny Mazu"), a popular name in Fujian

paragraph: BULLET::::- A-Ma, also spelled Ah-Ma ("Mother" or "Grandmother"), a popular name in Macau

paragraph: BULLET::::- Linghui Furen ("Lady of Numinous Grace"), an official title conferred in 1156.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Linghui Fei ("Princess of Numinous Grace"), an official title conferred in 1192.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tianfei ("Princess of Heaven"), fully Huguo Mingzhu Tianfei ("Illuminating Princess of Heaven who Protects the Nation"), an official title conferred in 1281.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Huguo Bimin Miaoling Zhaoying Hongren Puji Tianfei ("Heavenly Princess who Protects the Nation and Shelters the People, of Marvelous Numen, Brilliant Resonance, Magnanimous Kindness, and Universal Salvation"), an official title conferred in 1409.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tianhou (天后, literally meaning: "Queen/Empress of Heaven"), an official title conferred in 1683.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tianshang Shengmu ("Holy Heavenly Mother") or Tianhou Shengmu

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tongxian Lingnü ("Worthy & Efficacious Lady")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Shennü ("Divine Woman")

paragraph: BULLET::::- Zhaoxiao Chunzheng Fuji Ganying Shengfei ("Holy Princess of Clear Piety, Pure Faith, and Helpful Response"), an official title conferred during the reign of the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming.

paragraph: Although many of Mazu's temples honor her titles Tianhou and Tianfei, it became customary to never pray to her under those names during an emergency since it was believed that, hearing one of her formal titles, Mazu might feel obligated to groom and dress herself as properly befitting her station before receiving the petition. Prayers invoking her as Mazu were thought to be answered more quickly.

paragraph: Section::::History.

paragraph: Very little is known of the historical Lin Moniang. She was apparently a shamaness from a small fishing village on Meizhou Island, part of Fujian's Putian County, in the late 10th century. She probably did not live there, however, but on the nearby mainland. During this era, Fujian was greatly sinicized by influxes of refugees fleeing invasions of northern China and Mazu's cult may represent a hybridization of Chinese and local culture. The earliest record of her cult is from two centuries later, an 1150 inscription that mentions "she could foretell a man's good and ill luck" and, "after her death, the people erected a temple for her on her home island".

paragraph: Section::::Legend.

paragraph: The legends around Lin Moniang's life were broadly established by the 13th century.

paragraph: She was said to have been born under the reign of the Quanzhounese warlord Liu Congxiao (.962), which eventually developed into the specific date of the 23rd day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar in 960, the first year of the Song. The late Ming "Great Collection of the Three Teachings' Origin and Development and Research into the Divine" (, "Sānjiào Yuánliú Sōushén Dàquán"), however, placed her birth much earlier, in 742.

paragraph: The early sources speak of her as "Miss Lin"; her given name Mo ("Silent One") or Moniang ("the Silent Girl") appeared later. It was said to have been chosen when she did not cry during birth or during the first month afterwards; she remained a quiet and pensive child as late as four. She was said to have been the sixth or seventh daughter of Lin Yuan (). He is now usually remembered as one of the local fisherman, although the 1593 edition of the "Records of Research into the Divine" made him Putian's chief military inspector. The family was helpful and popular within their village. Late legends intended to justify Mazu's presence in Buddhist temples held that her parents had prayed to Guanyin for a son but received yet another daughter. In one version, her mother dreamt of Guanyin giving her a magical pill to induce pregnancy and woke to find the pill still in her hand; rather than being born in the conventional way, Mazu shot from her mother at birth in the form of a fragrant flash of red light. Guanyin was said to have been especially devoted to Mazu or even to have been incarnated as Mazu; for her part, Mazu was said to have been entranced by a statue of Guanyin at a temple she visited as a child, after which she became an ardent Buddhist.

paragraph: She is now often said to have studied religious literature, mastering Confucius by 8 and the principal Buddhist sutras by 11. The "Account of the Blessings Revealed by the Princess of Heaven" "Tiānfēi Xiǎnshèng Lù") collected by her supposed descendants Lin Yaoyu "Lín Yáoyú"; ) and Lin Linchang "Lín Línchàng"; ) claimed that, while still a girl, she was visited by a Taoist master (elsewhere a Buddhist monk) named Xuantong "Xuántōng") who recognized her Buddha nature. By 13, she had mastered the book of lore he had left her "Xuánwēi Bìfǎ") and gained the abilities to see the future and visit places in spirit without travel. She was able to manifest herself at a distance as well and used this power to visit gardens in the surrounding countryside, although she asked owners' permission before gathering any flowers to take home. Although she only started swimming at the relatively late age of 15, she soon excelled at it. She was said to have stood on the shore in red garments to guide fishing boats home, regardless of harsh or dangerous weather. She met a Taoist immortal at a fountain at sixteen and received an amulet or two bronze tablets which she translated or used to exorcize demons, to heal the sick, and to avert disasters. She was also said to be a rainmaker during times of drought.

paragraph: Mazu's principal legend concerns her saving one or some members of her family when they were caught offshore during a typhoon, usually when she was 16. It appears in several forms. In one, the women at home feared Lin Yuan and his son were lost but Mazu fell into a trance while weaving at her loom. Her spiritual power began to save the men from drowning but her mother roused her, causing her to drop her brother into the sea. The father returned and told the other villagers of the miracle; this version of the story is preserved in murals at Fengtin in Fujian. One variant is that her brothers were saved but her father was lost; she then spent three days and nights searching for his body before finding it. Another version is that all the men returned safely. Another is that Mazu was praying to Guanyin; another that she was sleeping and assisting her family through her dream. Still another is that the boats were crewed by her four brothers and that she saved three of them, securing their boats together, with the eldest lost owing to the interference of her parents, who mistook her trance for a seizure and woke her.

paragraph: In earlier records, Mazu died unmarried at 27 or 28. (Her celibacy was sometimes ascribed to a vow she took after losing her brother at sea.) The date of her passing eventually became the specific date of the Double Ninth Festival in 987, making her 27 by western reckoning and 28 by traditional Chinese dating. She was said to have died in meditation, though in some accounts she did not die but climbed a mountain alone and ascended into Heaven as a goddess in a beam of bright light. In others, she died protesting an unwanted betrothal. Still another places her death at age 16, saying she drowned after exhausting herself in a failed attempt to find her lost father, underlining her filial piety. Her corpse then washed ashore on Nangan Island, which preserves a gravesite said to be hers.

paragraph: Section::::Myths.

paragraph: In addition to the legends surrounding her earthly life, Mazu figures in a number of Chinese myths.

paragraph: In one, the demons Qianliyan ("Thousand-Mile Eye") and Shunfeng'er ("Wind-Following Ear") both fell in love with her and she conceded that she would marry the one who defeated her in combat. Using her martial arts skills, however, she subdued them both and, after becoming friends, hired them as her guardian generals.

paragraph: In a book of the Taoist Canon "Tàishàng Lǎojūn Shuō Tiānfēi Jiùkǔ Língyàn Jīng"), the Jade Woman of Marvelous Deeds is a star from the Big Dipper brought to earth by Laojun, the divine form of Laozi, to show his compassion for those who might be lost at sea. She is incarnated as Mazu and swears not only to protect sailors but to oversee all facets of life and death, providing help to anyone who might call upon her.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Worship.

paragraph: Mazuism is first attested in Huang Gongdu's poem "On the Shrine of the Smooth Crossing" "Shùnjì Miào"), which considered her a menial and misguided shamaness whose continued influence was inexplicable. He notes that her devotees danced and sang together and with their children. Shortly afterwards, Liao Pengfei ()'s 1150 inscription at the village of Ninghai (now Qiaodou Village) in Putian was more respectful. It states that, "after her death, the people erected a temple for her on her home island" and that the Temple of the Sacred Mound "Shèngdūn Miào") was raised in 1086 after some people in Ninghai saw it glowing, discovered a miraculous old raft or stump, and experienced a vision of "the goddess of Meizhou". This structure had been renamed the Smooth Crossing Temple by Emperor Huizong of Song in 1123 after his envoy Lu Yundi "Lù Yǔndí") was miraculously saved during a storm the year before while on an official mission to pay respects to the court of Goryeo upon the death of its king, Yejong, and to replace the Liao dynasty as the formal suzerains investing his successor, Injong.

paragraph: Her worship subsequently spread: Li Junfu's early-13th century "Putian Bishi" records temples on Meizhou and at Qiaodou, Jiangkou, and Baihu. By 1257, Liu Kezhuang was noting Putian's "large market towns and small villages all have... shrines to the Princess" and that they had spread to Fengting to the south. By the end of the Song, there were at least 31 temples to Mazu, reaching at least as far as Shanghai in the north and Guangzhou in the south.

paragraph: As Mazuism spread, it began to absorb the cults of other local shamanesses such as the other two of Xianyou's "Three Princesses" and even some lesser maritime and agricultural gods, including Liu Mian and Zhang the Heavenly Instructor. By the 12th century, she had already become a guardian to the people of Qiaodou when they suffered drought, flood, epidemic, piracy, or brigandage. She protected women during childbirth and when they sought contraception. As the patron of the seas, her temples were among the first erected by arriving overseas Chinese, as they gave thanks for their safe passage. Despite his Islamic upbringing, the Ming admiral and explorer Zheng He credited Mazu for protecting one of his journeys, prompting a new title in 1409. He patronized the Mazu temples of Nanjing and prevailed upon the Yongle Emperor to construct the city's Tianfei Palace; because of its imperial patronage and prominent location in the empire's southern capital, this was long the largest and highest-status center of Mazuism in China. During the Southern Ming resistance to the Qing, Mazu was credited with helping Koxinga's army capture Taiwan from the Dutch; she was later said to have personally aided some of Shi Lang's men in defeating Liu Guoxuan at Penghu in 1683, ending the independent kingdom of Koxinga's descendants and placing Taiwan under Qing control. The Ming prince Zhu Shugui's palace was converted into Tainan's Grand Matsu Temple, the first to bear her new title of "Heavenly Empress".

paragraph: In late imperial China, sailors often carried effigies of Mazu to ensure safe crossings. Some boats still carry small shrines on their bows. Mazu charms are also used as medicine, including as salves for blistered feet. As late as the 19th century, the Qing government officially credited her divine intervention with their 1884 victory over the French at Tamsui District during the Sino-French War and specially honored the town's temple to her, which had served as General Sun Kaihua's headquarters during the fighting.

paragraph: Today, Mazuism is practiced in about 1500 temples in 26 countries around the world, mostly in the Sinosphere or the overseas Chinese communities. Of these temples, almost 1000 are on Taiwan, representing a doubling of the 509 temples recorded in 1980 and more than a dozen times the number recorded before 1911. These temples are generally registered as Taoist, although some are considered Buddhist. There are more than 90 Mazu Temples in Hong Kong. In Mainland China, Mazuism is formally classified as a cult outside of Buddhism and Taoism, although numerous Buddhist and Taoist temples include shrines to her. Her worship is generally permitted but not encouraged, with most surviving temples concentrated around Putian in Fujian. Including the twenty on Meizhou Island, there are more than a hundred in the prefecture and another 70 elsewhere in the province, mostly in the settlements along its coast. There are more than 40 temples in Guangdong and Hainan and more than 30 in Zhejiang and Jiangsu, but many historical temples are now treated as museums and operated by local parks or cultural agencies. The A-Ma Temple on Macao Island is the probable source of its name in Portuguese and English; the historic and protected Tin Hau Temple, Causeway Bay in Hong Kong is the source of the Tin Hau area's name from the Cantonese pronunciation of one of Mazu's titles, "Empress of Heaven". The Mazu temple in Melbourne is the largest Chinese temple in Australia.

paragraph: A major project to build the world's tallest Mazu statue at Tanjung Simpang Mengayau in Kudat, Borneo, was officially launched by Sabah. The statue was to be 10 stories high, but was canceled due to protests from Muslims in Sabah and political interference. In its absence, the world's tallest statue of the goddess is the Mazu of Tianjin that was erected in 2012.

paragraph: Informal centers of pilgrimage for Mazu's believers include Meizhou Island and the Zhenlan Temple in Taichung on Taiwan.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Pilgrimage.

paragraph: The primary temple festival in Mazuism is Lin Moniang's traditional birthday on the 23rd day of the 3rd month of the Chinese lunar calendar. It is celebrated widely in Taiwan, with the largest festivities around the 8-day, annual "inspection tour" of a Mazu idol from the Zhenlan Temple in Taichung to Chaotian Temple in Beigang and back again. The highlight is an incense-cutting ritual used to restore the fires of the Taichung temple. As many as 6,000 join the tour itself, some dressed as medieval standard-bearers and foot-soldiers, and more than 30,000 sometimes arrive for the idol's entry into Beigang. Another major festival is that around the Tianhou Temple in Lukang. Depending on the year, Mazu's festival day may fall as early as mid-April or as late as mid-May:

paragraph: The anniversary of her death or supposed ascension into Heaven is also celebrated, usually on the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar).

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:In art.

paragraph: After her death, Mazu was remembered as a young lady who wore a red dress as she roamed over the seas. In religious statuary, she is usually clothed in the attire of an empress, and decorated with accessories such as a ceremonial "hu" tablet and a flat-topped imperial cap ("mian'guan") with rows of beads ("liu") hanging from the front and back. Her temples are usually protected by the door gods Qianliyan and Shunfeng'er. These vary in appearance but are frequently demons, Qianliyan red with two horns and two yellow sapphire eyes and Shunfeng'er green with one horn and two ruby eyes.

paragraph: "Lin Moniang" (2000), a minor Fujianese TV series, was a dramatization of Mazu's life as a mortal. "Mazu" 2007) was a Taiwanese animated feature film from the Chinese Cartoon Production Co. depicting her life as a shamaness and goddess. Its production director Teng Chiao admitted the limited appeal to the domestic market: "If young people were our primary target audience, we wouldn't tell the story of Mazu in the first place since they are not necessarily interested in the ancient legend[;] neither do they have loyalty to made-in-Taiwan productions". Instead, "when you look to global markets, the question that foreign buyers always ask is what can best represent Taiwan". "Mazu", with its story about "a magic girl and two cute sidekicks [Mazu's door gods Qianliyan and Shunfeng'er] spiced up with a strong local flavor" was instead designed with an intent to appeal to international markets interested in Taiwan.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Mazu temples in South East Asia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hung Shing

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baishatun Mazu Pilgrimage

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: Section::::References.:Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: BULLET::::- .

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/30412--geertruida-m-p-brouwer/verzamelingen/de-wonderen-van-mazu?ii=0&p=0 De wonderen van Mazu [The miracles of Mazu]]. Rijksmuseum, The Netherlands.

description: a Chinese sea goddess of East and Southeast Asia, formerly a shamaness called Lin Mo or Lin Moniang lived in  Meizhou Island, Fujian, in the 10th century

wikidata_label: Mazu

wikipedia_title: Mazu


text:
Glendale High School
KFWB
Gus Arnheim
Cocoanut Grove
Bing Crosby
The Rhythm Boys
Harry Barris
Rambling 'Round Radio Row
Marti Barris
Santa Barbara
Ella Mae Morse

categories: Glendale High School (Glendale, California) alumni,Articles containing video clips,20th-century American singers,1913 births,1989 deaths

paragraph: Loyce Whiteman

paragraph: Loyce Whiteman, also known as Lois Whiteman, was an American popular singer.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Born in Dallas, Texas, and raised in Glendale, California, where she attended Glendale High School. She got her start in a singing contest and was engaged as a vocalist with radio station KTM. Moving on to station KFWB, it was there that she was asked to audition for Gus Arnheim & His Cocoanut Grove Orchestra in 1931 at the age of 18.

paragraph: The audition was successful. The book "Bing Crosby: The Hollow Man" describes Loyce's opening night at the Cocoanut Grove on Easter Sunday night, April 5, 1931. She had been very nervous at her audition, but this was nothing compared to her opening-night jitters. Bing Crosby, then one of The Rhythm Boys, was beside her as it came time for her to go on, and she nervously commented to him that she did not know what to do with her hands. "Bing did a sweet thing that night," Loyce said. "He said, 'Don't worry about it. I'll hold your hand,' and he accompanied me to the mike, held my hand, and sang half a chorus with me to get me started. I'll never forget that." On May 1, 1931, Loyce made a record with Crosby and the Gus Arnheim Orchestra called "Ho Hum!"

paragraph: While singing with the Orchestra, she met Harry Barris. They were married in 1931. They appear together in an episode of "Rambling 'Round Radio Row", where she sings his composition, "It Was So Beautiful." They had a daughter, Marti Barris, who was born on April 6, 1937 in Hollywood, California and who became a singer as well. They divorced in 1946. Loyce later married Ken Hubbard, captain on the Santa Barbara police force.

paragraph: Together with Marti, "Marti Music", a music publishing company, was formed. They wrote songs together, including "Coffee Date," recorded by Ella Mae Morse, and "Scottish Fling", to which Marti provided a melody and Loyce provided lyrics.

wikidata_label: Loyce Whiteman

wikipedia_title: Loyce Whiteman


text:
entomology
Eastburn
Skipton
Keighley
Yorkshire
UK
Royal College of Art
London Blitz
Letchworth
Frederick Wallace Edwards
James Edward Collin
empididae
Miriam Rothschild
British Tortricoid Moths
Shaftesbury

wikipedia_title:
Entomology
Eastburn, West Yorkshire
Skipton
Keighley
Yorkshire
United Kingdom
Royal College of Art
The Blitz
Letchworth
Frederick Wallace Edwards
James Edward Collin
Empididae
Miriam Rothschild
British Tortricoid Moths
Shaftesbury

categories: Lepidopterists,People associated with the British Museum,People from Yorkshire,Scientific illustrators,English illustrators,Alumni of the Royal College of Art,1991 deaths,1916 births

paragraph: Arthur Smith (illustrator)

paragraph: Arthur Clayton Smith (1916–1991) was a British natural history illustrator who specialised in entomology. He was born in the village of Eastburn, between Skipton and Keighley in Yorkshire, UK.

paragraph: During his youth he developed a keen interest in natural history from walks on the York Moors. At 15 he attended Keighley College of Arts and Crafts and then the Royal College of Art in London. He graduated with a Silver Medal awarded for Special Distinction in the School of Design (then the highest order).

paragraph: In 1940 he commenced his career as a freelance illustrator at the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). To avoid the disruption of the London Blitz during World War II he moved to Letchworth at the invitation of a colleague, Frederick Wallace Edwards. Edwards died shortly afterwards, but had put Smith in touch with James Edward Collin, for whom he produced 950 illustrations for the latter’s book on British empididae. The book was eventually published in 1961.

paragraph: Smith also collaborated with Dame Miriam Rothschild illustrating her book: "Fleas, Flukes and Cuckoos" (Rothschild and Clay, 1952). This led to him illustrating, with over 1000 drawings, "An Illustrated Catalogue of the Rothschild Collection of Fleas (Siphonaptera) in the British Museum (Natural History)", an enormous work of 5 large volumes published between 1953 and 1971.

paragraph: His work illustrated over 60 books, pamphlets and reports in addition to other freelance work for magazines.

paragraph: In 1960 he became a member of staff of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) as the first (and possibly the last) insect illustrator to be employed in the Department of Entomology.

paragraph: Smith's last major undertaking was the illustration of a two volume work, "British Tortricoid Moths", co-authoring with J. D. Bradley and W. G. Tremewan. However, before the publication of the book he had retired to Shaftesbury, Dorset. He continued to produce art work up to a few weeks before his death.

paragraph: Arthur Smith married Margaret Eagle in 1940 and they produced three children, one of whom predeceased them in 1978.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Keith M. Harris and David J. Carter [Arthur Smith] The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 31 July. 1992, Vol. 128

paragraph: BULLET::::- Natural History Museum.

description: British natural history illustrator

wikidata_label: Arthur Smith

wikipedia_title: Arthur Smith (illustrator)