text: economics

text: sociology

text: University of Chicago

text: Justin Wolfers

text: Presidential Medal of Freedom

text: Ken Arrow

text: Robert Solow

text: sociology

text: racial discrimination

text: crime

text: rational addiction

text: human capital

text: Jewish

text: Pottsville, Pennsylvania

text: B.A.

text: Princeton University

text: Doctor of Philosophy

text: University of Chicago

text: Milton Friedman

text: Columbia University

text: TGG Group

text: John Bates Clark Medal

text: American Academy of Arts and Sciences

text: Mont Pelerin Society

text: National Medal of Science

text: conservative

text: Business Week

text: Alan Blinder

text: Robert Dole

text: Richard Posner

text: Judy Becker

text: Guity Nashat

text: historian

text: Middle East

text: Chicago, Illinois

text: Richard Posner

text: labor capital theory

text: human capital

text: Chicago school of economics

text: Eastern block

text: Jacob Mincer

text: Shoshana Grossbard

text: Barry Chiswick

text: Victor Fuchs

text: Michael Grossman

text: June E. O'Neill

text: James Heckman

text: family economics

text: Wall Street Journal

text: David Wessel

text: Charles Jones

text: Kelvin Lancaster

text: consumer

text: division of labor

text: gains

text: specification

text: family

text: Julio Jorge Elias

text: Social capital

categories: 21st-century American economists,American male bloggers,1930 births,Fellows of the American Statistical Association,Libertarian economists,American conservative people,Disease-related deaths in Illinois,21st-century American non-fiction writers,Nobel laureates in Economics,Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences,20th-century American economists,Microeconomists,Law and economics scholars,National Medal of Science laureates,American Nobel laureates,Earhart Foundation Fellows,Distinguished Fellows of the American Economic Association,University of Chicago alumni,2014 deaths,Presidents of the American Economic Association,Cato Institute people,American bloggers,American libertarians,Columbia University faculty,People from Pottsville, Pennsylvania,Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences,Princeton University alumni,American Jews,Fellows of the Econometric Society,National Bureau of Economic Research,University of Chicago faculty,Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients

paragraph: Gary Becker

paragraph: Gary Stanley Becker (1930 - 2014) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago. Economist Justin Wolfers  called him, "the most important social scientist in the past 50 years." Becker was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1992 and received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007. A 2011 survey of economics professors named Becker their favorite living economist over the age of 60, followed by Ken Arrow and Robert Solow.

paragraph: Becker was one of the first economists to analyze topics that had been researched in sociology, including racial discrimination, crime, family organization, and rational addiction. He argued that many different types of human behavior can be seen as rational and utility maximizing. His approach included altruistic behavior of human behavior by defining individuals' utility appropriately. He was also among the foremost exponents of the study of human capital.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Born to a Jewish family in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, Becker earned a B.A. at Princeton University in 1951, and a Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago in 1955 with a thesis entitled "The Economics of Racial Discrimination". At Chicago, Becker was influenced by Milton Friedman, whom Becker called "by far the greatest living teacher I have ever had". Before turning 30, he began to teach at Columbia University in 1957, and in 1970 returned to the University of Chicago. In 1965 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.

paragraph: Becker was a founding partner of TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. Becker won the John Bates Clark Medal in 1967. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1972. Becker was a member, and later the president of, the Mont Pelerin Society. Becker received the Nobel Prize in 1992 "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behavior and interaction, including nonmarket behavior". Becker also received the National Medal of Science in 2000.

paragraph: A political conservative, he wrote a monthly column for "Business Week" from 1985 to 2004, alternating with liberal Princeton economist Alan Blinder. In 1996 Becker was a senior adviser to Republican Presidential Candidate Robert Dole. In December 2004, Becker started a joint weblog with Judge Richard Posner entitled "The Becker-Posner Blog".

paragraph: Becker's first wife was Doria Slote, from 1954 until her death in 1970. The marriage produced two daughters, Catherine Becker and Judy Becker. About ten years later, in 1980 Becker married Guity Nashat, a historian of the Middle East whose research interests overlapped his own.

paragraph: In 2014 Becker died in Chicago, Illinois aged 83. The same year, he was honored in a three-day conference organized at the University of Chicago.

paragraph: Section::::Economic analysis.

paragraph: Section::::Economic analysis.:Discrimination.

paragraph: Becker recognized that people (employers, customers, and employees) sometimes do not want to work with minorities because they have preference against the disadvantaged groups. He goes on to say that discrimination increases the cost of the firm because in discriminating against certain workers, the employer would have to pay more so that work can proceed without them. If the employer employs the minority, low wages can be provided, but more people can be employed, and productivity can be increased.

paragraph: Section::::Economic analysis.:Politics.

paragraph: These contributions to politics by Becker have come to be known as "Chicago political economy" of which Becker is considered one of the founding fathers.

paragraph: Becker's insight was to recognize that dead-weight losses put a brake on predation. He took the well-known insight that dead-weight losses are proportional to the square of the tax, and used it to argue that a linear increase in takings by a predatory interest group will provoke a non-linear increase in the dead-weight losses its victim suffers. These rapidly increasing losses will prod victims to invest equivalent sums in resisting attempts on their wealth. The advance of predators, fueled by linear incentives slows before the stiffening resistance of prey outraged by non-linear damages.

paragraph: Section::::Economic analysis.:Crime and punishment.

paragraph: Jurist Richard Posner has stressed the enormous influence of Becker's work "has turned out to be a fount of economic writing on crime and its control", as well as the analytics of crime and punishment.

paragraph: While Becker acknowledged that many people operate under a high moral and ethical constraint, criminals rationally see that the benefits of their crime outweigh the cost such as the probability of apprehension, conviction, and punishment, and their current set of opportunities. From the public policy perspective, since the cost of increasing the fine is trivial in comparison to the cost of increasing surveillance, one can conclude that the best policy is to maximize the fine and minimize surveillance. However, this conclusion has limits, not the least of which include ethical considerations.

paragraph: Section::::Economic analysis.:Human capital.

paragraph: In his 1964 book "Human capital theories" Becker worked through the labor capital theory and introduced the economic concept of human capital. This book is now a classic in economy research and Becker went on to become a defining proponent of the Chicago school of economics. The book was republished in 1975 and 1993. Becker considered labor capital theory, because it was applied in communist countries such as Russia, China and the Eastern block. He mused "economists and plan-makers have fully agreed with the concept of investing on human beings".

paragraph: Section::::Economic analysis.:New home economics.

paragraph: Together, Becker and Jacob Mincer founded the NHE in the 1960s at the labor workshop at Columbia University that they both directed. Shoshana Grossbard, who entered the NHE while a student of Becker at the University of Chicago, first published a history of the NHE at Columbia and Chicago in 2001. After receiving feedback from the NHE founders she revised her account.

paragraph: Among the first NHE publications were Becker (1960) on fertility, Mincer (1962) on women’s labor supply, and Becker (1965) on the allocation of time. Students and faculty who attended the Becker-Mincer workshop at Columbia in the 1960s and have published in the NHE tradition include Andrea Beller, Barry Chiswick, Carmel Chiswick, Victor Fuchs, Michael Grossman, Robert Michael, June E. O'Neill, Sol Polachek, and Robert Willis. James Heckman was also influenced by the NHE tradition and attended the labor workshop at Columbia from 1969 until his move to the University of Chicago. The NHE may be seen as a subfield of family economics.

paragraph: In 2013, responding to a lack of women in top positions in the United States, Becker told the "Wall Street Journal" reporter David Wessel, "A lot of barriers [to women and blacks] have been broken down. That's all for the good. It's much less clear what we see today is the result of such artificial barriers. Going home to take care of the kids when the man doesn't: Is that a waste of a woman's time? There's no evidence that it is." This view was criticized by Charles Jones, stating that, "Productivity could be 9 percent to 15 percent higher, potentially, if all barriers were eliminated."

paragraph: Section::::Economic analysis.:Home production.

paragraph: In the mid 1960s Becker and Kelvin Lancaster developed the economic concept of a household production function. Both assumed that consumers in a household receive utility from the goods they purchase. Such as for example, when consumers purchase raw food. If it is cooked, a utility arises from the meal. In 1981 Becker published "Treatise on the Family", where he stressed the importance of division of labor and gains from specification.

paragraph: Section::::Economic analysis.:Rotten kid theorem.

paragraph: At the core of Becker's economic theory on the family, which he developed on the basis of figures for United States families in 1981, is the "rotten kid theorem". He applied the economics of an "altruist" to a family, were a person takes actions that improve the well-being of another person, despite more self-interested action being feasible. Becker pointed out that a parent foregoes higher income, by focusing on family work commitments to maximize a well-meaning objective. Becker also theorized, that a child in a US family is perfectly selfish because it maximizes its own utility, thus possibly "rotten" in economic terms. There have been attempts to test this economic thesis, in the course of which it was found that cross-generational families do not necessarily maximize their joint income.

paragraph: Section::::Economic analysis.:Organ markets.

paragraph: A 2007 article by Gary Becker and Julio Jorge Elias entitled "Introducing Incentives in the market for Live and Cadaveric Organ Donations" posited that a free market could help solve the problem of a scarcity in organ transplants. Their economic modeling was able to estimate the price tag for human kidneys (about 15,000 USD) and human livers (about 32,000 USD). It is argued by critics that this particular market would exploit the underprivileged donors from the developing world.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Social capital

description: American economist

enwikiquote_title: Gary Becker

wikidata_label: Gary Becker

wikipedia_title: Gary Becker


text: Trieste

text: Graz

text: Styria

text: Major General

text: Colonel

text: Armed Forces

text: First Republic of Austria

text: Camillo Bregant

text: Imperial Army

text: Trieste

text: K.u.k.

text: Landwehr

text: K.u.k.

text: Gebirgsjäger

text: Bruck an der Leitha

text: World War I

text: Battle of Lemberg

text: Battles of the Isonzo

text: Carnic Alps

text: Tarvis

text: Predil Pass

text: Battles of the Isonzo

text: Piave

text: Stelvio

text: South Tyrol

text: Order of Leopold

text: Order of the Iron Crown

text: Military Merit Cross

text: Military Merit Medal

text: Karl Troop Cross

text: Military Order of Maria Theresa

text: Monte Per Alba

text: Lieutenant colonel

text: Major general

text: upper arm bullet

categories: 1936 deaths,People from Trieste,1875 births,Austro-Hungarian Army officers,Austrian prisoners of war,Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I,Recipients of the Medal for Bravery (Austria-Hungary)

paragraph: Eugen Bregant

paragraph: Eugen Bregant (29 January 1875 in Trieste, coastal land – 18 November 1936 in Graz, Styria) was Major General, Colonel of the infantry (alpini) regiment No.1 and an officer of the Austrian Armed Forces in the First Republic of Austria. His younger brother was the last Inspector of Cavalry of the Austrian army Camillo Bregant.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Eugen Bregant appeared as one-year volunteer on 1 October 1893 in the Imperial Army at the Infantry Regiment No.97 in Trieste, and became assigned to the K.u.k. Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Klagenfurt" No. 4 (it belonged to the K.u.k.Gebirgsjäger and was called Mountain Rifle Regiment No. 1 from 11 April 1917). Because of a never completed study of law at the University of Graz, he interrupted his military service from 1894 to 1897 and 1901.

paragraph: Section::::Military Special Education.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mounted infantry course in Trieste

paragraph: BULLET::::- Light artillery und machine gun course in Bruck an der Leitha

paragraph: BULLET::::- Corps Officers School in Graz (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Assault course in Villach (1917)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Army gas course in Vienna (1917 und 1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Information and Counter-espionage course in Brixen (1918)

paragraph: Section::::Service and Decorations.

paragraph: In World War I the battlefields of the K.u.k. Rifle Regiment No. 1 were in 1914 in Galicia in the first Battle of Lemberg, from 1915 until the war ended at the Battles of the Isonzo in the sector Carnic Alps from Tarvis to Predil Pass. Bregant Eugen 1915 was involved in several combat missions, including the Oregone pass, the storming of Monte Peralba and the "Hohen Trieb". From 1916 until the war's end, he was commander of a machine-gun battalion (LIB No. 157), 1917 section commander of the height position "Zollner", participating in several Battles of the Isonzo and then being used at various focal points of the front of Piave to Stelvio. On 4 November 1918 Bregant with the whole LIB No. 157 went along in Italian POWs Community as a result of a 36 hours too early announced armistice in Ponte di Ark in South Tyrol by the Austrian Army High Command (AOK), from which he was released on 4 August 1919.

paragraph: Highly decorated with the Knight Cross of the Order of Leopold and the Order of the Iron Crown of the Empire of Austria III. Class with wardecoration and swords, the Military Merit Cross III. Class. and a twice awarded Bronze Military Merit Medal at the red band all with war decoration and swords, various other awards as well as the Karl Troop Cross Bregant returned home from the war. The request for the award of the Military Order of Maria Theresa for the storming of the Monte Per Alba was not done because End of the war.

paragraph: Becoming Major as No.11 in the rankings on 1 May 1918, he was adopted by the Austrian Army after 23 years of service in the imperial Army. From 1 May 1921 after he was promoted to Lieutenant colonel, he was assigned as an officer to a wheeled battalion. From March 1922 officer for special use, he was assigned in 1923 to the Alpini Regiment No. 11 and 10. Promoted in August 1926 Commander of the Alpini regiment No.1, he was appointed to Major general in March 1927 and retired in 1928 because of his war injuries.

paragraph: Section::::Wounds.

paragraph: BULLET::::- upper arm bullet with nerve injury (1914)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stone chips injury to his right forearm (1916)

paragraph: Section::::literature.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hubert Fankhauser: "Freiwillige an Kärntens Grenzen. Die Regimentsgeschichte der K. K. Kärntner freiwilligen Schützen 1915 bis 1918." Vehling Verlag, .

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Österreichisches Staatsarchiv/Kriegsarchiv". Wien.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinz von Lichem: "Spielhahnstoß und Edelweiß". Leopold Stocker Verlag, Graz 1977.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Heinz von Lichem: "Der Tiroler Hochgebirgskrieg 1915–1918". Steiger Verlag, Berwang (Tirol) 1985.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Michael Wachtler und Günther Obwegs: "Krieg in den Bergen - Dolomiten". Athesia Bozen 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- von Lempruch: "Ortlerkämpfe 1915 - 1918". Buchdienst Südtirol 2005.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Herman Hinterstoisser, M. Christian Ortner, Erwin A. Schmidl "Die k.k. Landwehr-Gebirgstruppen." Wien 2006, .

description: Austrian general

wikidata_label: Eugen Bregant

wikipedia_title: Eugen Bregant


text:
Musselburgh
Scotland
Dorchester, Massachusetts
professional golfer
The Open Championship
1895 U.S. Open
U.S. Open
Newport Golf Club
Newport, Rhode Island
David Brown
Willie Park, Jr.
Willie Dunn
Bob Ferguson
The Open Championship
United States Golf Association
The Country Club
Brookline
Boston
1913 U.S. Open
Francis Ouimet
1895 U.S. Open
Newport Country Club
Myopia Hunt Club
Franklin Park
H. J. Whigham
U.S. Amateur
1887 Open Championship
malaria
Forest Hills Cemetery
Masters Tournament
PGA Championship

categories: People from Musselburgh,Scottish male golfers,Scottish expatriates in the United States,1862 births

paragraph: Willie Campbell (golfer)

paragraph: Willie Campbell (14 July 1862 in Musselburgh, Scotland – 25 November 1900 in Dorchester, Massachusetts) was a Scottish professional golfer. He reached the top ten in The Open Championship eight times in the 1880s. Campbell emigrated to America in 1894. He finished alone in sixth place in the 1895 U.S. Open which was the first U.S. Open, held on Friday, 4 October, at Newport Golf Club in Newport, Rhode Island.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Like many golfers from his era, he started out as a caddie at the links at Musselburgh. At this time he and David Brown—along with Willie Park, Jr. and Willie Dunn—were a quartet of "boy wonders" who would all become golf champions. The most noteworthy incident in this early portion of his career was his defeat of Bob Ferguson—a champion golfer who won The Open Championship in three successive years from 1880 to 1882—when he was only 13 years old. Campbell's strength was his ability in match play. In 1882, when Campbell was 20 years old, an admirer offered to back him against the world for $30,000. From 1883 to 1888 he played anyone who would accept his challenge to play for money and never lost during that period.

paragraph: Section::::Golf career.

paragraph: Campbell was one of the very first foreign professional golfers to come to the United States, and his coming was due to W. B. Thomas, who was at the time of Campbell's death in 1900 serving as president of the United States Golf Association. Campbell served for many years as the head professional at The Country Club, located in Brookline, Massachusetts near Boston, which would later play host to the famous 1913 U.S. Open won by Francis Ouimet. In the 1895 U.S. Open at Newport Country Club he came in sixth. Campbell resigned his post at The Country Club in 1896 to become professional at the Myopia Hunt Club. He final post before his death was at the municipal links at Franklin Park in Boston.

paragraph: During his career, Campbell taught a number of players the finer points of golf. Among his students was H. J. Whigham who would go on to win the U.S. Amateur in 1896 and 1897.

paragraph: Section::::The 1887 Open Championship at Prestwick.

paragraph: The 1887 Open Championship was played in almost incessant rain and a cross wind. Campbell was the warm favourite amongst the local crowd and was followed by the majority of the spectators. Despite all his success his most famous golfing moment—which turned out to be a disastrous failure—would come here, at Prestwick, where Campbell was an assistant professional. Late in the final round he was in good shape to win but heeled his tee shot at the 16th hole and found a deep bunker (later dubbed Campbell's grave). The gallery tried to convince him to play backward but unfortunately he ignored their advice and took eight on the hole. Willie Park, Jr. would go on to win by a single stroke.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: In his final days he had been confined to his home for about a month with lingering illnesses, including malaria, and he finally succumbed to cancer on 25 November 1900. His wife and his two children were at his bedside when he died. Interment was at Forest Hills Cemetery in Boston, Massachusetts.

paragraph: Section::::Results in major championships.

paragraph: "Note: Campbell never played in the Masters Tournament or the PGA Championship."

paragraph: NYF = Tournament not yet foundedbr

paragraph: DNP = Did not playbr

paragraph: WD = Withdrewbr

paragraph: "T" indicates a tie for a placebr

paragraph: Yellow background for top-10

description: professional golfer

wikidata_label: Willie Campbell

wikipedia_title: Willie Campbell (golfer)


text:
Alija Gušanac
Dahije
Sanjak of Smederevo
First Serbian Uprising
Siege of Belgrade (1806)
Ioannina
Epirus
Greece
Greek-Aromanian
Alija Gušanac
Dahije
Sanjak of Smederevo
slaughter of the Knezes
Orašac
Morava
Ćuprija
bölükbaşı
bimbaša
Gates of Belgrade
Uzun-Mirko
Eid al-Fitr
Miloje Petrović
Sima Marković
Vasa Čarapić
Stanoje Glavaš
Vule Ilić
Kalemegdan
caravanserai
Aganlija
Battle of Loznica (1807)
Dositej Obradović
Bessarabia
Lom-Palanka
Naum Krnar

categories: People of the First Serbian Uprising,Ottoman mercenaries,Serbian people of Greek descent,Ottoman defectors,Serbian people of Aromanian descent,Greeks of the Ottoman Empire,1813 deaths,People from Ioannina,1770 births

paragraph: Konda Bimbaša

paragraph: Konda (, March 1804–d. May/June 1807) was an Ottoman Greek mercenary in Alija Gušanac's Dahije detachment in the Sanjak of Smederevo who switched sides to the Serb rebels during the First Serbian Uprising, proclaimed a hero for his efforts in the Siege of Belgrade (1806).

paragraph: Konda, an Orthodox Christian, was according to his contemporary, Triantafyllos Doukas, born in the frontier of Ioannina in Epirus (now Greece). According to some, he was Greek-Aromanian. He began his military career in 1804, as a mercenary ("krdžalija") in the forces of Alija Gušanac. Gušanac served the Dahije, the renegade Janissaries that took over the Sanjak of Smederevo defying the Sultan since 1801. After the slaughter of the Knezes (January 1804), the Serbs decided to rise up against the Dahije after gathering in Orašac on 14 February. They crushed the power of the Dahije by August, but some towns were still held by the Dahije. The Ottomans now turned against the Serbs, and Gušanac had by then joined the Ottomans. In March 1804, with Gušanac's forces, Konda had gone to the Morava, around Ćuprija, and from there to the city of Belgrade where he stayed until prior to autumn 1806. At that time, he had the rank of "bölükbaşı" (captain). Konda joined the Serb rebels three months prior to the siege of Belgrade which took place on 30 November (St. Andrew's Day). He received the rank of "bimbaša" (major) in the rebel army, hence, is known as Konda Bimbaša (Конда Бимбаша) in historiography.

paragraph: The plan of penetrating the town of Belgrade, through taking over the Sava, Varoš, Stambol and Vidin gates (see Gates of Belgrade), was presented by Konda to Karađorđe. Konda, well aware of the functioning of the Ottoman guard, took the leadership over volunteers to take over the Sava gate, accompanied by Uzun-Mirko. Karađorđe decided with the commanders that the attack be carried out on St. Andrew Day, during Eid al-Fitr, when the attention of the guards was lower. Rebel colons were set on each gate, to storm after the gate was taken, commanded by Miloje Petrović, Sima Marković, Vasa Čarapić, Stanoje Glavaš and Vule Ilić. At the estimated time, Konda, Uzun-Mirko, Petar Sremac, Nikola Stambolija, Karlovalija, Dragić and Mladen headed out, followed by a detachment of volunteers, and then the main colon of Miloje Petrović. Since they arrived unnoticed at the gate, Konda and Uzun-Mirko first climbed the rampart and jumped over the palisade and headed towards the guards on a bypassing road. Met by an Ottoman patrol, they presented themselves as krdžalije, then proceeded to the town gates and guards where they divided into two groups. Uzun-Mirko and Konda attacked the guards, and the rest broke into the gate locks with axes. In the fight, Uzun-Mirko received two wounds, and Konda five, but they kept on. Even though shots were fired, the Turks in the town and at the rest of the gates did not suspect that a Serbian attack was in question, but that shots were fired for the holiday. After taking over the first gates, commandos went toward the Varoš Gate, at which time the Turks were alarmed. Most of the Turks tried to reach the Upper Fortress (Kalemegdan), while the resistance was provided by the krdžalije. Uzun-Mirko and Konda also fought on the Varoš Gate, while Vasa Čarapić died taking over the Stambol Gate, and Stanoje Glavaš and Vule Ilić penetrated through the Vidin Gate, after which the rebels easily took over the town towards Kalemegdan. According to another account, mentioned by Petar Jokić, Konda and Uzun-Mirko first entered a caravanserai (inn) prior to the attack, as they knew Turkish they were unsuspicious; their fighters, not knowing that their leaders were not present, while approaching the rampart entered a conflict with Turks, at which time Konda and Uzun-Mirko fought the Turks in the inn.

paragraph: After taking over Belgrade, Konda looked after his wounds in the former shelter of "dahija" Aganlija. After recuperating, he returned to the battlefield. Konda fell at the Battle of Loznica (1807) (as mentioned by Doukas and Dositej Obradović). M. Đ. Milićević at first supported this in his work "Kneževina Srbija", but then changed it and claimed that Konda survived the battle, in his work "Pomenik".

paragraph: According to Andra Gavrilović, Konda's identity was confused with that of another rebel, Jovča Mihailović "Konda" ( 1807–13), and possibly more individuals; in that way "the hero of Belgrade" became a legendary person. Milićević included a story in which Konda died after 1820. "Konda" fought at Užice and Loznica (1807), and lived in Belgrade in 1808 according to two contemporary documents, and was mentioned as organizing war necessarities along with Raka Levajac in 1812, and left Serbia for Austria in 1813 following the suppression of the revolt, and after a short while moved to Bessarabia where he lived as an outlaw. Gavrilović was the first to critically study Milićević's accounts on Konda. R. Perović also mentioned a story that Konda was an Orthodox named Toma and was born in Lom-Palanka, in the Vidin Pashaluk, similarly found in Milićević's account on the birthplace of "Konda".

paragraph: In composer Svetomir Nastasijević's opera "The First Uprising", written in 1954, Konda is included among the characters. A street in Belgrade bears his name ("Kondina ulica").

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Naum Krnar

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Books

paragraph: BULLET::::- (Public domain)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Journals

wikidata_label: Konda Bimbaša

wikipedia_title: Konda Bimbaša


text:
née
Jönköping
Gränna
Polkagris
Gränna
farrier
Gränna
peppermint rocks
Polkagris

categories: 1824 births,1923 deaths,19th-century Swedish businesspeople,Swedish inventors,Swedish women in business

paragraph: Amalia Eriksson

paragraph: Amalia Eriksson, née Lundström (25 November 1824, in Jönköping – 19 January 1923, in Gränna), was a Swedish business person, known as the inventor of the "Polkagris", a type of candy stick which she invented in Gränna, Sweden.

paragraph: Amalia Eriksson was the daughter of farrier Jonas Lundström and Katarina Hagen Andersdotter in Jönköping. Her family died of the cholera when she was ten, and she became a domestic servant. In 1855, she moved to Gränna in the company of the family she worked for at the time, where she married the tailor Anders Eriksson in 1857. Widowed with a newborn daughter the year after her wedding, she applied for permission from the magistrate of Gränna to manufacture and sell pastries and peppermint rocks, and was granted her permit in 1859. Amalia Eriksson became the first person to manufacture and sell the "Polkagris", a product which was launched in the year of 1859. She kept the recipe for the "Polkagris" secret, and it was only revealed upon her death. She had several followers within the business in the city. Her own shop was inherited by her daughter Ida, who managed it until her own death in 1945. The house of her work shop still stands, and was made in to a hotel in 2003.

paragraph: Amalia Eriksson, as well as her daughter Ida, is buried at the Gränna cemetery.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Änkan som är polkagrisens moder". Företagsamheten.se, Om svenska uppfinnare, entreprenörer och deras företag.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alexandra Selivanova. ”Amalia Eriksson”. Uppfinningar & kreativitet; Svenska uppfinnare. Tekniska Museet. Läst 15 juli 2014.

description: Swedish business person

wikidata_label: Amalia Eriksson

wikipedia_title: Amalia Eriksson


text: Saudi

text: House of Saud

text: Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia

text: Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques

text: Prince Muqrin al-Saud

text: Saudi Arabia

text: Turki bin Muqrin bin Abdulaziz

text: Fahd bin Muqrin

text: Saud bin Fahd Al Saud

text: Ethan Allen

text: Abha

text: Yemen

text: Interior Ministry

text: Okaz

text: Middle East Eye

text: Tiger Squad

text: 2017 Saudi Arabian purge

categories: Grandsons of Ibn Saud,Date of birth missing,2017 deaths,Victims of helicopter accidents or incidents,Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Saudi Arabia,Saudi Arabian businesspeople,1974 births

paragraph: Mansour bin Muqrin

paragraph: Mansour bin Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1974 – November 5, 2017) () was a Saudi businessman, member of the House of Saud, and Advisor at the Court of the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. In April 2015, he was appointed Advisor to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques with the rank of minister. He was the son of Prince Muqrin al-Saud, former Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. He was killed in mysterious circumstances when his helicopter crashed on November 5, 2017, hours after a major purge of the kingdom's political and business leadership.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Mansour was the son of former Crown Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz and Abta bint Hamoud Al Rashid, and a brother of Prince Turki bin Muqrin bin Abdulaziz and Fahd bin Muqrin. In 2013, Mansour married a daughter of his first cousin Prince Saud bin Fahd Al Saud.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: In January 2015, King Salman accepted Crown Prince Murqin's recommendation that Mansour be made Advisor at the Court of the Crown Prince. He was a partner in Ethan Allen's Saudi franchise. Mansour was vice chairman of Al-Bayan Foundation, which builds colleges of higher education in Saudi Arabia.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Mansour bin Muqrin died in a helicopter crash near Abha on November 5, 2017, near the border with Yemen. The prince died along with seven other officials while returning from an inspection tour according to the Interior Ministry. It did not give a cause for the crash. His helicopter went down and disappeared from radar on November 5, 2017. His brother Faysal in a statement to Saudi newspaper "Okaz", denied reports that Mansour's death was suspicious. In October 2018, Middle East Eye claimed that Mansour was killed by the Tiger Squad, and that he had fled the 2017 Saudi Arabian purge, which began on November 4, 2017.

alias: Mansour bin Muqrin bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Saud

description: Saudi royal

wikidata_label: Mansour bin Muqrin

wikipedia_title: Mansour bin Muqrin


text: KT

text: Scottish

text: Stuarts

text: English Civil War

text: William

text: Mary

text: Earl of Atholl

text: Earl of Tullibardine

text: John Murray, 1st Earl of Atholl

text: Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy

text: Charles II

text: Covenanter

text: 8th Earl of Glencairn

text: Commonwealth

text: George Monck

text: privy councillor for Scotland

text: sheriff of Fife

text: Lord Justice-General

text: Lord President of the Court of Session

text: Royal Company of Archers

text: Commissioner of the Exchequer

text: Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland

text: Extraordinary Lord of Session

text: earldom of Tullibardine

text: 4th Earl

text: Marquess of Atholl

text: Lord Lauderdale

text: Battle of Bothwell Bridge

text: vice-admiral of Scotland

text: 9th Earl of Argyll

text: Argyll's Rising

text: knighted

text: William III

text: Edinburgh

text: Viscount Dundee

text: Battle of Killiecrankie

text: Montgomery plot

text: Jacobite

text: Lord George Murray

text: 1745 uprising

text: James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby

text: Charlotte de La Tremoille

text: John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl

text: Charles Murray, 1st Earl of Dunmore

text: Lord James Murray

text: William Murray, 2nd Lord Nairne

text: Hugh Fraser, 9th Lord Lovat

text: Cromwell's Act of Grace

text: Article on Clan Murray history

categories: 1703 deaths,Cavaliers,Members of the Royal Company of Archers,Clan Murray,British Life Guards officers,Lords Justice-General,Marquesses of Atholl,Knights of the Thistle,Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom,Members of the Privy Council of Scotland,Commissioners of the Treasury of Scotland,Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1689,1631 births,Extraordinary Lords of Session,Scottish soldiers

paragraph: John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl

paragraph: John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl, KT (2 May 16316 May 1703) was a leading Scottish royalist and defender of the Stuarts during the English Civil War of the 1640s, until after the rise to power of William and Mary in 1689. He succeeded as 2nd Earl of Atholl on his father's demise in June 1642 and as 3rd Earl of Tullibardine after the death of his first cousin the 2nd Earl in 1670.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Murray was the son of John Murray, 1st Earl of Atholl (cr. 1629) by his wife Jane, daughter of Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy. In 1650 he joined in the unsuccessful attempt to liberate Charles II from the Covenanters, and he was, in 1653, a chief supporter of the 8th Earl of Glencairn's rising to power in opposition to English plans to incorporate Scotland into the Commonwealth and devoted 2,000 men to the battle. He was eventually obliged to surrender the following year to George Monck, the victorious Commonwealth commander.

paragraph: Section::::Appointments.

paragraph: In 1660, Murray became a privy councillor for Scotland, obtained a charter of the hereditary office of sheriff of Fife, and in 1661 became Lord Justice-General of Scotland. In 1663 he was appointed Lord President of the Court of Session. Murray became the first captain-general of the Royal Company of Archers in 1670. in 1671 he became a Commissioner of the Exchequer, the following year Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland and on 14 January 1673 became an Extraordinary Lord of Session.

paragraph: In 1670 he succeeded to the earldom of Tullibardine on the death of his cousin, the 4th Earl and was created Marquess of Atholl and Viscount Glenalmond on 7 February 1676.

paragraph: Section::::Glorious Revolution.

paragraph: Murray was initially a supporter of the robust policies of Lord Lauderdale, taking part in a 1678 raid against the Covenanters, but he then temporarily lost royal favour by counselling moderation concerning the measures taken against them. In 1679, however, he was present at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge; in July 1680 he was made vice-admiral of Scotland, and in 1681 president of parliament.

paragraph: In 1684 he was appointed lord-lieutenant of Argyll, fought vigorously against the 9th Earl of Argyll in Argyll's Rising of 1685 and was instrumental in defeating him. Murray was knighted in 1687.

paragraph: He showed himself to be lukewarm to the accession of William III and waited on the event. Finally in April 1689 he wrote to William to declare his allegiance, and in May took part in the proclamation of William and Mary as king and queen at Edinburgh. But during Viscount Dundee's insurrection he allowed his troops to be used at the Battle of Killiecrankie against the supporters of the new king, which helped bring about the defeat of the government's troops. He was then summoned to London and imprisoned during August. In 1690 he was implicated in the Montgomery plot to restore James and subsequently in further Jacobite intrigues. In June 1691 he received a pardon, and acted later for the government in the pacification of the Highlands.

paragraph: Ironically, given Murray's rumoured Jacobite leanings but public opposition to the group, his grandson, Lord George Murray became a famed general of the Jacobites and was responsible for their success throughout the greater part of the 1745 uprising.

paragraph: Murray was described by Lord Macaulay as "the falsest, the most fickle, the most pusillanimous of mankind", regarding Murray's indecisive position surrounding the succession of William of Orange and the deposition of King James."

paragraph: Section::::Marriage.

paragraph: On 5 May 1659, Lord Atholl married Lady Amelia Ann Sophia Stanley (1633-22 February 1702/1703), daughter of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby and Charlotte de La Tremoille. They had twelve children, but four died young:

paragraph: BULLET::::- John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl (24 February 166014 November 1724), eldest son and heir, married (1) Lady Katherine Douglas-Hamilton, (2) Lady Mary Ross.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Murray, 1st Earl of Dunmore (24 February 166119 April 1710), married Catherine Watts.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord James Murray (8 May 166330 December 1719), married Anne Murray of Glenmuir.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Murray, 2nd Lord Nairne (1664-3 February 1726), married Margaret Nairne. Their daughter Margaret Murray (died 28 May 1773) married in 1712 William Drummond, 4th Viscount Strathallan.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Charlotte Murray (1663–1735), married Thomas Cooper. No issue.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Amelia Murray (1666–1743), married 1. Hugh Fraser, 9th Lord Lovat; 2. Simon Fraser of Beaufort.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Jane Murray (1666–1670), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Mungo Murray, Bt. (1668–1700), Scotland; Killed in Panama 1700, fighting the Spanish. Married Rachel Beaverich; son David married Margaret Donald; two daughters. Scotland, Select Marriages, 1561–1910, FHL Film # 1040174 22 Feb 1695, St. Andrews And St. Leonards,Fife,Scotland shows marriage to Rachell Beavrich. Possibility of 2 children, 1 male, David, and 1 female, Catherine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Edward Murray (1669–1743), married Katherine Skene.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord Henry Murray (born 1670), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lady Katherine Murray (1672–1689), died young.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord George Murray (1673–1691), died young.

paragraph: Prior to his marriage with Amelia Sophia Stanley one "natural son" was born c. 1658 to Janett Mannachie from Dunkeld Perthshire. This son's name is unknown; however he is stated to have been apprenticed to an Edinburgh Lawyer (Writer) by the name of Louefoote (Lightfoot?). According to correspondence from the above-mentioned Lord Edward Murray born 1669 and reproduced in the Atholl Chronicles-dated March 25, 1735 addressed to his nephew John 1st Duke of Athol, this son died of smallpox c. 1680–90.

paragraph: The same source records: Jane Murray born 1676 c- twin, & Male Murray- born 1676c- twin born Castle Tullibardine Perthshire and lived in France. (Mother was: Ms Richards a "companion" of Amelia Sophia Stanley) m. 1. Captain Anderson (Navy); m. 2. Mr Ongolling; m3. James Mazel.

paragraph: Also possibly:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Murray c. 1658–1725, remained in Scotland and married Mary Vans; son William Vans Murray died 1763 in Maryland.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cromwell's Act of Grace

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brown, Peter, publisher, "The Peerage of Scotland", Edinburgh, 1834, pps:62-64.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Details on genealogy of Murray and connected figures thePeerage.com

paragraph: BULLET::::- Article on Clan Murray history Tartans.com

description: Scottish judge

wikidata_label: John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl

wikipedia_title: John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl


text:
synthpop
Denki Groove
Takkyu Ishino
Prince Tongha
Hideyuki Tanaka
Red Shadow
Linda Linda Linda
Sway
Rainbow Song
Ten Nights of Dreams
10 Promises to My Dog
School Days with a Pig
The Floating Castle
The Devil's Path
Like Father, like Son
Attack on Titan
Twisted Justice
Shin Godzilla
Rage
Outrage Coda
The Blood of Wolves
Amachan
Gunshi Kanbei
Hachisuka Koroku
Toto Neechan
Idaten
Judgment
Sega
Frozen

categories: Place of birth missing (living people),Japanese male singers,1967 births,Sony Music Entertainment Japan artists,Musicians from Shizuoka Prefecture,Living people,Japanese male actors

paragraph: Pierre Taki

paragraph: , better known by his stage name , is the front man for Japanese synthpop group Denki Groove, which consists of himself and Takkyu Ishino. As of 2001 he was involved in an exhibit called Prince Tongha with Hideyuki Tanaka in New York City. He also frequently appears as an actor in film and on television.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.:Films.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Red Shadow" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1980" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Linda Linda Linda" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sway" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rainbow Song" (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ten Nights of Dreams" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "10 Promises to My Dog" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Million Yen Girl" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "School Days with a Pig" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rakugo Story" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Floating Castle" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Devil's Path" (2013) – Sudō

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Like Father, like Son" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2014)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Attack on Titan" (2015)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Twisted Justice" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Shin Godzilla" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rage" (2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2016) – Fujimoto

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Outrage Coda" (2017) – Shiroyama

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Blood of Wolves" (2018) – Ginji

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sunny/32" (2018)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A Gambler's Odyssey 2020" (2019)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Miyamoto kara Kimi e" (2019)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Samurai Shifters" (2019)

paragraph: Section::::Selected filmography.:Television.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Amachan" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gunshi Kanbei" (2014) – Hachisuka Koroku

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Toto Neechan" (2016) – Sōkichi Morita

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rikuō" (2017) – Kenji Obara

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Idaten" (2019) – Shinsaku Kurosaka

paragraph: Section::::Legal issues.

paragraph: In March 2019, Taki was arrested on suspicion of cocaine use and his latest video game, "Judgment", was withdrawn from sale by the manufacturer, Sega. His appearance has been removed in the Western release. He was later released on bail on April 4, 2019.

paragraph: His voice acting roles will also be replaced such as Olaf from "Frozen". Home video releases of "Frozen" were removed in Japan.

description: Japanese musician

wikidata_label: Pierre Taki

wikipedia_title: Pierre Taki


text: journalist

text: Horace Greeley

text: New York Tribune

text: American Civil War

text: Ulysses S. Grant

text: porcelains

text: Hinsdale, New Hampshire

text: England

text: Cambridge

text: Buffalo

text: Latin

text: Harvard

text: Germany

text: Brook Farm

text: Fourierite

text: phalanx

text: Elizur Wright

text: New York Tribune

text: revolutionary movements of that year

text: Cologne

text: Karl Marx

text: Ferdinand Freiligrath

text: New York Daily Tribune

text: anti-slavery

text: Horace Greeley

text: Civil War

text: Albany

text: U. S. Senate

text: William M. Evarts

text: Ira Harris

text: Thurlow Weed

text: Secretary of War

text: Edwin Stanton

text: American Civil War

text: quartermasters

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: Edwin Stanton

text: Ulysses S. Grant

text: Edwin Stanton

text: Vicksburg Campaign

text: Battle of Chickamauga

text: Chattanooga Campaign

text: Assistant Secretary of War

text: John Rawlins

text: Jacob Bunn

text: Alonzo Mack

text: The Sun (New York)

text: President

text: Andrew Johnson

text: Democratic

text: Washington

text: United States District Court

text: Supreme Court of the United States

text: Samuel J. Tilden

text: Democratic

text: Electoral Commission

text: Rutherford B. Hayes

text: Benjamin Butler

text: James G. Blaine

text: Republican

text: Grover Cleveland

text: Joseph Pulitzer

text: Benjamin Harrison

text: Pullman strike

text: free silver

text: William Jennings Bryan

text: George Ripley

text: The New American Cyclopaedia

text: Romance

text: Scandinavian language

text: Rossiter Johnson

text: James H. Wilson

text: anarchist

text: Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

text: mutual banking

text: Benjamin Tucker

text: free silver

text: Charles H. Kerr Company Publishers

text: Paul Avrich

text: Chinese porcelains

text: Louvre

text: Dresden

text: Bibliography of the American Civil War

text: Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant

text: Online at Google

text: J. H. Wilson

categories: 1897 deaths,People from Hinsdale, New Hampshire,Illinois Greenbacks,Writers from New York City,Illinois Republicans,Journalists from Illinois,People of New York (state) in the American Civil War,19th-century American newspaper editors,American male journalists,19th-century American journalists,19th-century American newspaper publishers (people),People of the Revolutions of 1848,1819 births,Journalists from New Hampshire,Harvard University alumni,American lexicographers,19th-century American male writers,Illinois Liberal Republicans,Managing editors,American abolitionists,United States Assistant Secretaries of War

paragraph: Charles Anderson Dana

paragraph: Charles Anderson Dana (August 8, 1819 – October 17, 1897) was an American journalist, author, and senior government official. He was a top aide to Horace Greeley as the managing editor of the powerful Republican newspaper "New York Tribune" until 1862. During the American Civil War, he served as Assistant Secretary of War, playing especially the role of the liaison between the War Department and General Ulysses S. Grant. In 1868 he became the editor and part-owner of the New York Sun. He at first appealed to working class Democrats but after 1890 became a champion of business-oriented conservatism. Dana was an avid art collector of paintings and porcelains and boasted of being in possession of many items not found in several European museums.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early years.

paragraph: Dana was born in Hinsdale, New Hampshire on August 8, 1819. He was a descendant of Richard Dana, progenitor of most of the Danas in the United States, who emigrated from England, settled in Cambridge in 1640, and died there about 1695. At the age of twelve, Charles Dana became a clerk in his uncle's general store at Buffalo, until the store failed in 1837. At this time, he began the study of Latin grammar, and prepared himself for college. In 1839 he entered Harvard, but the impairment of his eyesight forced him to leave college in 1841. He also abandoned his intentions to study in Germany and enter the ministry. From September 1841 until March 1846 he lived at Brook Farm, where he was made one of the trustees of the farm, was head waiter when the farm became a Fourierite phalanx, and was in charge of the Phalanx's finances when its buildings were burned in 1846. During his time with Brook Farm, he also wrote for the Transcendental publication, the "Harbinger". In 1846, he married widow Eunice MacDaniel.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Journalism.

paragraph: Dana had written for and managed the "Harbinger", the Brook Farm publication, devoted to social reform and general literature. Later, beginning 1844, he also wrote for and edited the Boston "Chronotype" of Elizur Wright for two years. In 1847 he joined the staff of the "New York Tribune", and in 1848 he wrote from Europe letters to it and other papers on the revolutionary movements of that year. In Cologne he visited Karl Marx and Ferdinand Freiligrath. (From 1852 to 1861, Marx was one of the main writers for the New York Daily Tribune).

paragraph: Returning to the "Tribune" in 1849, Dana became a proprietor and its managing editor, and in this capacity actively promoted the anti-slavery cause, seeming to shape the paper's policy at a time when Horace Greeley was undecided and vacillating. However, his writing expressed racist feelings towards blacks on at least one occasion. In 1895, as editor of the New York Sun, he wrote "we are in the midst of a growing menace," the year of eventual black heavy weight champion Jack Johnson's first professional fight. "The black man is rapidly forging to the front ranks in athletics, especially in the field of fisticuffs. We are in the midst of a black rise against white supremacy." The extraordinary influence and circulation attained by the newspaper during the ten years preceding the Civil War was in a degree due to the development of Dana's genius for journalism, reflected not only in the making of the "Tribune" as a newspaper, but also in the management of its staff of writers, and in the steadiness of its policy as the leading organ of anti-slavery sentiment.

paragraph: In 1861, Dana went to Albany to advance the cause of Greeley as a candidate for the U. S. Senate, and nearly succeeded in nominating him. The caucus was about equally divided between Greeley's friends and those of William M. Evarts, while Ira Harris had a few votes which held the balance of power. At the instigation of Thurlow Weed, the supporters of Evarts went over to Harris.

paragraph: During the first year of the war, the ideas of Greeley and those of Dana in regard to the proper conduct of military operations were somewhat at variance; the board of managers of the "Tribune" asked for Dana's resignation in 1862, apparently because of this disagreement and wide temperamental differences between him and Greeley.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Civil War.

paragraph: When Dana left the "Tribune", Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, immediately made him a special "Investigating Agent of the War Department" during the American Civil War. In this capacity, Dana discovered frauds committed by quartermasters and contractors. As the eyes of the administration, as Abraham Lincoln called him, Dana spent much time at the front, and sent to War Secretary Edwin Stanton frequent reports concerning the capacity and methods of various generals in the field. In particular, the War Department was concerned about rumors of Ulysses S. Grant's alcoholism. Dana spent considerable time with Grant, becoming a close friend and assuaging administration concerns. Dana reported to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton that he found Grant "modest, honest, and judicial. . . . 'not an original or brilliant man, but sincere, thoughtful, deep, and gifted with a courage that never faltered.' Although quiet and hard to know, he loved a humorous story and the company of his friends." Dana also observed the growing problem of cotton speculators, who were often going beyond established limits into rebel territory with the purpose of trading and often collaborating with the rebels. Dana warned President Lincoln and Stanton that the cotton trading and all related activity needed to be stopped, maintaining that general Grant was in full agreement with his assessment and recommendations. Dana went through the Vicksburg Campaign and was present at the Battle of Chickamauga and the Chattanooga Campaign. He urged placing General Grant in supreme command of all the armies in the field, which happened in March 1864. After returning to Washington Dana received a telegram from assistant Secretary of War H.P. Watson, instructing him to go to Washington to pursue another investigation, and was received by Stanton, who offered him the position of Assistant Secretary of War, which he accepted. It was reported in the New York papers the next morning. Dana held this position from 1863 to 1865. With the likely exception of John Rawlins, Dana had a greater influence over Grant's military career than any other political or military man.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Return to journalism.

paragraph: In 1865–1866, Dana conducted the newly established and unsuccessful Chicago "Republican," when the paper was owned by Jacob Bunn, and published by Alonzo Mack. He became the editor and part-owner of "The Sun (New York)" in 1868, and remained in control of it until his death. Upon taking control over the organization, he announced his credo:

paragraph: It will study condensation, clearness, point, and will endeavor to present its daily photograph of the whole world's doings in the most luminous and lively manner.

paragraph: Under Dana's control, "The Sun" opposed the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson; it supported Grant for the presidency in 1868; it was a sharp critic of Grant as president; and in 1872 took part in the Liberal Republican revolt and urged Greeley's nomination.

paragraph: Dana made the "Sun" a Democratic newspaper, independent and outspoken in the expression of its opinions respecting the affairs of either party. His criticisms of civil maladministration during General Grant's terms as president led to a notable attempt on the part of that administration, in July 1873, to take him from New York on a charge of libel, to be tried without a jury in a Washington police court. Application was made to the United States District Court in New York for a warrant of removal, but in a memorable decision Judge Blatchford, later a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, refused the warrant, holding the proposed form of trial to be unconstitutional. Perhaps to a greater extent than in the case of any other conspicuous journalist, Dana's personality was identified in the public mind with the newspaper that he edited.

paragraph: In 1876, the "Sun" favored Samuel J. Tilden, the Democratic candidate for the presidency, opposed the Electoral Commission, and continually referred to Rutherford B. Hayes as the "fraud president".

paragraph: In 1884 it supported Benjamin Butler, the candidate of Greenback-Labor and Anti-Monopolist parties, for the presidency, and opposed James G. Blaine (Republican) and even more bitterly Grover Cleveland (Democrat). Circulation peaked about 150,000, and the advent of Joseph Pulitzer and the "New York World" cut deeply into the "Sun's" circulation. Dana was a very old-fashioned publisher who distrusted the Linotype and relied not on advertising but on the two-cent cover price for his funding.

paragraph: In 1888 it supported Cleveland and opposed Benjamin Harrison, although it had bitterly criticized Cleveland's first administration, and was to criticize nearly every detail of his second, with the exception of Federal interference in the Pullman strike of 1894; and in 1896, on the free silver issue, it opposed William Jennings Bryan, the Democratic candidate for the presidency. In a word, the "Sun" had abandoned its original working-class clientele and was now a staunch supporter of the conservative business community.

paragraph: Section::::Writing.

paragraph: Dana's literary style came to be the style of "The Sun"—simple, strong, clear, boiled down. He recorded no theories of journalism other than those of common sense and human interest. He was impatient of prolixity, cant, and the conventional standards of news importance. Three of his lectures on journalism were published in 1895 as the "Art of Newspaper Making".

paragraph: With George Ripley he edited "The New American Cyclopaedia" (1857–1863), reissued as the "American Cyclopaedia" in 1873-1876.

paragraph: Dana had an interest in literature. His first book was a volume of stories translated from German, entitled "The Black Aunt" (New York and Leipzig, 1848). In 1857, he edited an anthology, "The Household Book of Poetry". His translation from German of "Nutcracker and Sugardolly: A Fairy Tale" was published in 1856 by the Philadelphia publisher C.G. Henderson & Co. In addition to translating German, Dana could read the Romance and Scandinavian languages. With Rossiter Johnson, he edited, "Fifty Perfect Poems" (New York, 1883).

paragraph: Dana edited "A Campaign Life of U. S. Grant", published over his name and that of General James H. Wilson in 1868. His "Recollections of the Civil War" and "Eastern Journeys, Some Notes of Travel in Russia, in the Caucasus, and to Jerusalem" were published in 1898.

paragraph: Early in his journalism career, 1849, he wrote a series of newspaper articles in defense of anarchist philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and his mutual banking ideas. They were published in collected form in 1896 as "Proudhon and His Bank of the People" by Benjamin Tucker, who did so partly to expose Dana's radical past as Dana had late in life become quite conservative, editorializing against radicals, "reds", and the free silver movement. This book remains in print today through a Charles H. Kerr Company Publishers edition with an introduction by Paul Avrich.

paragraph: Section::::Art collecting.

paragraph: Dana was an art connoisseur. In 1880 he built a large residence in New York City on the corner of Madison Avenue and Sixtieth Street and furnished it with paintings, tapestries, and Chinese porcelains, giving his greatest attention to his porcelains. He devoted much time and historical study in the these areas of art throughout his life, boasting that, "They are not in the British Museum; they are not in the Louvre; and they are conspicuously absent at Dresden."

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography of the American Civil War

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mott, Frank Luther. "American Journalism: A History: 1690–1960" (1962), pp. 373–378.

paragraph: BULLET::::- O'Brien, Frank Michael. "The Story of The Sun: New York, 1833–918" (1918) Online at Google.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Steele, Janet E. "The Sun Shines for All: Journalism and Ideology in the Life of Charles A. Dana" (Syracuse University Press, 1993).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Stone, Candace. "Dana and the Sun" (Dodd, Mead, 1938).

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. H. Wilson. "Life of Charles A. Dana" (New York, 1907).

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mr. Lincoln and New York: Charles A. Dana

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mr. Lincoln's White House: Charles A. Dana

wikidata_label: Charles Anderson Dana

wikipedia_title: Charles Anderson Dana


text: bishop of Lisieux

text: Caudebec

text: Hundred Years' War

text: Battle of Agincourt

text: University of Paris

text: Leuven

text: Pavia

text: Pope Eugene IV

text: Council

text: Florence

text: Poggio Bracciolini

text: Władysław III of Poland

text: Elisabeth of Luxembourg

text: Rouen

text: Caen

text: bishop of Bayeux

text: Pope Nicholas V

text: King Louis XI

text: Charles VII of France

text: Louis XI

text: League of the Public Weal

text: see

text: Pope Sixtus IV

text: archbishop

text: Caesarea

text: Trier

text: Utrecht

text: Netherlands

text: Janskerk

text: Joan of Arc

text: Tome IV

categories: University of Paris alumni,French historians,1491 deaths,15th-century Roman Catholic bishops,People from Seine-Maritime,University of Caen faculty,1412 births,University of Pavia alumni,Bishops of Lisieux

paragraph: Thomas Basin

paragraph: Thomas Basin (1412–1491) was a French bishop of Lisieux and historian.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Basin was born at Caudebec in Normandy, but in the devastation caused by the Hundred Years' War, his childhood was itinerant. He was taken from Caudebec in 1415, and stayed in Rouen, Vernon, Falaise, Saint-James de Bouvron, Redon, and Nantes. It was on 25 October 1415 that the Battle of Agincourt took place, and there were few safe places in Normandy. Basin did not return to Caudebec until 1419, his stated object being his desire to see his parents again.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Scholar.

paragraph: In 1424 Basin went to the University of Paris, where he became a master of arts in 1429. He was admitted to the faculty of arts at Leuven on 31 December 1431, declaring his intention to study civil law. In 1433 Basin obtained a bursary at the College of S. Augustin in Pavia, which had been founded by Cardinal Brenda Castiglione, a former bishop of Lisieux (1420–1424), who reserved a number of the twenty-four places for students from Normandy. He remained there until he obtained his licenciate in Civil Law. He then returned to Caudebec to visit his parents, and then took up residence in Louvain, from 1435 to 1437, where he obtained his licenciate in Canon Law. By September 1437 he was back in Italy, a Master of Arts and of Canon and Civil Laws, and is found at Bologna, where the Papal Curia and Pope Eugene IV were in residence. He was immediately given the expectation of the rectorship of the parish church of Saint-Germain-de-Carville (diocese of Rouen). This required ordination to the priesthood, but he requested a delay of five years; he was granted two. On 6 December 1437 he was also granted the privilege of holding more than one benefice at a time.

paragraph: Basin was compelled to return home to Normandy when he discovered that his parents had been forced to flee to Rouen to avoid the English, but he was back on the road to Italy in April 1438. The journey took nearly six months, since his itinerary, which was to include Holland and the Rhine valley, was disrupted by a storm that made him seek refuge in London, where he was ill for two months. When he finally arrived in Italy again, he could not move from Pavia to Ferrara for more than three months because of the plague. He finally rejoined the Curia in September 1438.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Curial employee.

paragraph: Basin was present at the Council which began at Ferrara, but which was transferred to Florence by decree of Pope Eugene IV on 10 January 1439. During the Council he made the acquaintance of the humanist Poggio Bracciolini, which blossomed into a friendship of twenty years. Both worked on the council's business under the direction of Cardinal Cesarini, the President of the Council. On 21 March 1439 Basin was named a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter of Lisieux. In July 1439 he was appointed to an embassy to Hungary, led by Cardinal Cesarini. The embassy was made very difficult when Albert of Austria, King of Hungary, died on 14 October 1439, and a struggle for election to the throne began between supporters of Władysław III of Poland and Queen Elisabeth of Luxembourg. The embassy returned to Florence on 26 March 1440. Basin was soon made Canon and prebendary of the Cathedral Chapter of Rouen by Pope Eugene as his reward for service on the legation. His senior colleague on the embassy, Giovanni Tagliacozzo, was made a cardinal. In 1440 Basin was ordained a subdeacon, but he did not remain long in Italy. On 23 May 1441 he took his stall in the Cathedral Chapter of Rouen. In November 1441 the English Royal Council named him professor of canon law in the new University of Caen. On 1 October 1442 he was elected Rector of the University of Caen. He also became vicar-general for the bishop of Bayeux, Zeno Castiglione, who was a member of the English Royal Council. Basin was one of the negotiators appointed by King Charles VII on 10 June 1445 to negotiate a marriage between one of his daughters and Edward, Duke of York.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Bishop.

paragraph: On 11 October 1447 Thomas Basin, "Doctor in utroque iure" (Civil and Canon Law), was appointed Bishop of Lisieux by Pope Nicholas V. It is possible that he was consecrated at Lambeth on 1 November 1447, by Archbishop John Stafford (1443–1452), Bishop Robert Gilbert of London (1436–1448), and Bishop Thomas Bourchier of Ely (1443–1454). On 3 February 1448 he took his oath of allegiance to King Henry VI of England at Windsor Castle.

paragraph: In the summer of 1449, King Charles VII, determined to drive the English army out of Normandy. After taking Pont-Audemer the French army headed directly for Lisieux, determined on a siege if necessary. The Bishop pleaded with his people to avoid the pillaging and burning of Lisieux, which would become inevitable if they resisted the French. His advice was followed, and on 16 August 1449 he was sent forth and negotiated a treaty with the French. In it, the Bishop retained his privileges as bishop and count, and was given the privilege of naming the Captain who would be Governor of Lisieux. The King accepted the treaty on 28 August, and Bishop Basin took an oath of loyalty to the King of France. He was granted a pension of 1000 livres a year, which was regularly paid (at least according to surviving records) from 1450 to 1460.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Exile.

paragraph: On 15 August 1461 Bishop Basin took part in the coronation of King Louis XI at Reims. Basin was much involved in the wars between the English and French and was employed by Charles VII of France and by his successor Louis XI, at whose request Basin drew up a memorandum setting forth the misery of the people and suggesting measures for alleviating their condition. On 4 July 1463 Bishop Basin pronounced the excommunication of three persons convicted of witchcraft, who were immediately turned over to "the secular arm". The three witches were burned at the stake on 12 July. Basin was following in the footsteps of his predecessor, Bishop Pierre Cochon, who had turned Jeanne d'Arc over to "the secular arm".

paragraph: In 1464 the bishop joined the League of the Public Weal and fell into disfavour with King Louis, who seized the temporalities of his see. In 1466 Bishop Basin took refuge in Louvain, where on 5 January he consecrated Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège. He benefited from an amnesty for the members of the League, but Louis would not allow him to return to his diocese. Instead, he was sent to Perpignan as Chancellor of Roussillon and Cerdagne, and then as Ambassador to the King of Aragon; this occupied fourteen months of his virtual exile. He visited Savoy, where Yolande of France was regent, and then cities belonging to the Duke of Burgundy, Geneva, Basle, Trier and Louvain.

paragraph: In 1474 King Louis put pressure on Basin's relations and friends in order to force his resignation. After exile in various places Basin proceeded to Rome, and resigned his bishopric on 27 May 1474. Pope Sixtus IV bestowed upon him the title of archbishop of Caesarea by way of consolation. Occupied with his writings Basin then passed some years at Trier and afterwards transferred his residence to Utrecht (now in the Netherlands), where his old friend, David the bastard of Burgundy, was Bishop and lord of the city.

paragraph: When Louis XI died in 1483, his successor Charles VIII invited Bishop Basin to return to France, but without his diocese he saw no reason to accept.

paragraph: Basin died in Utrecht on 3 December 1491, and was buried in the church of St. John (Janskerk).

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: Basin's principal work is his "Historiae de rebus a Carolo VII. et Ludovico XI. Francorum regibus". This is of considerable historical value, but is marred to some extent by the author's dislike for Louis XI. At one time it was regarded as the work of a priest of Liège, named Amelgard, but it is now practically certain that Basin was the writer. He also wrote a suggestion for reform in the administration of justice entitled "Libellus de optimo ordine forenses lites audiendi et deferendi", which was the product of his careful study of the Roman Rota while he worked at the Curia; an "Apologia", written to answer the charges brought against him by Louis XI; a "Breviloquium", or allegorical account of his own misfortunes; a "Peregrinatio"; a defence of Joan of Arc entitled "Opinio et consilium super processu et condemnatione Johanne, dicte Puelle" and other miscellaneous writings. He wrote in French, "Advis de Monseigneur de Lysieux au roi" (1464).

paragraph: Bishop Basin's cartulary survives, in the Library of Lisieux.

paragraph: Section::::Sources and further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jules Étienne Joseph Quicherat (ed.), "Histoire des règnes de Charles VII et de Louis XI" Tome IV, Paris, " J. Renouard et Cie. 1859. [contains the "Breviloquium", the "Projet de réforme...", the "Mémoire pour le Rétablissement de la Pragmatique Sanction"; and numerous documents]

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Samaran (1933), "Documents inédits sur la jeunesse de Thomas Basin," "Bibliothèque de l’École des chartes" 94 (1933), pp. 46-57. (JSTOR)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Samaran et André Vernet (1976), "Les livres de Thomas Basin," "Latomus" 145 (1976), 324-339.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mark Spencer, "Thomas Basin (1412–1490): The History of Charles VII and Louis XI." Nieuwkoop, Netherlands, De Graaf Publishers, 1997.

description: French bishop

wikidata_label: Thomas Basin

wikipedia_title: Thomas Basin


text: Jesuit

text: casuistry

text: Nottuln

text: Westphalia

text: Germany

text: Cologne

text: Hildesheim

text: Münster

text: Christoph von Galen

text: Francisco Suarez

text: Catholic Church

text: moral theology

text: Alphonsus de Liguori

text: Doctor of the Church

text: France

text: murder

text: regicide

text: Damiens

text: Louis XV

text: Paris

text: Toulouse

text: duc de Choiseul

categories: 1668 deaths,17th-century German Catholic theologians,Jesuit theologians,Roman Catholic moral theologians,German male non-fiction writers,1600 births,German Jesuits,German Roman Catholic theologians

paragraph: Hermann Busenbaum

paragraph: Hermann Busenbaum (or Busembaum) (19 September 160031 January 1668) was a Jesuit theologian. He attained fame as a master of casuistry.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: He was born at Nottuln in Westphalia (Germany). He entered the Jesuit order in 1619, and taught scholastic and moral theology in Cologne. He became rector of the Jesuit college at Hildesheim and then at Münster, where he died on 31 January 1668, being at the time father-confessor to Bishop Christoph von Galen.

paragraph: Section::::"Medulla".

paragraph: His book "Medulla theologiae moralis, facili ac perspicua methodo resolvens casus conscientiae" (1645) grew out of his lectures to students at Cologne. The manual obtained a wide popularity and passed through over two hundred editions before 1776. Although less bold in its declarations than some other Jesuit books, such as, for example, the "Defensio Fidei" (1613) of Francisco Suarez, it was the most complete and systematized in its exposition, and served as a type for succeeding treatises of the sort.

paragraph: The theology of "Medulla" was generally well received within the Catholic Church. The book was published in all the major European centers of Catholicism and was widely used in seminaries as a manual on practical moral theology for 200 years. It received positive commentary from theologians including St. Alphonsus de Liguori, a Doctor of the Church.

paragraph: The book met no significant opposition until Pierre Lacroix added considerably to its bulk. His editions in two folio volumes appeared in both Germany (1710–1714) and France (1729). In these editions, the sections on murder and especially on regicide were much amplified, and in connection with Damiens' attempt on the life of Louis XV the book was severely handled by the parlement of Paris. At Toulouse in 1757, though the offending sections were repudiated by the heads of the Jesuit colleges, the "Medulla" was publicly burned, and the episode undoubtedly led the way to the duc de Choiseul's attack on the Jesuits.

paragraph: Section::::Other writings.

paragraph: Busenbaum also wrote a book on the ascetic life, "Lilium inter spinas".

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hermann Busembaum in the Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University

description: German Jesuit casuist

wikidata_label: Hermann Busenbaum

wikipedia_title: Hermann Busenbaum


text: Norwegian

text: petroleum geologist

text: Bratvaag Expedition

text: Kvitøya

text: Hornodden

text: Kristiania

text: Norwegian Institute of Technology

text: Trondheim

text: petroleum geology

text: Royal School of Mines

text: Ph.D.

text: coal

text: petrography

text: Berlin Technical University

text: Charlottenburg

text: interwar years

text: Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani

text: Spitsbergen

text: Trinidad

text: Venezuela

text: Norwegian Polar Institute

text: camp

text: Salomon August Andrée

text: Kvitøya

text: East Greenland

text: Franz Josef Land

text: Kapp Linné

text: Vår Frelsers gravlund

categories: 1946 deaths,Explorers of the Arctic,Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni,Norwegian polar explorers,20th-century Norwegian geologists,Burials at Vår Frelsers gravlund,People from Oslo,Norwegian petroleum geologists,1894 births

paragraph: Gunnar Horn

paragraph: Gunnar Hansen Horn (25 June 1894 – 15 July 1946) was a Norwegian petroleum geologist and Arctic explorer. He is most renowned as the leader of the Bratvaag Expedition that found the long-lost remains of S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 at Kvitøya in 1930. The headland Hornodden of Kvitøya is named after him.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Gunnar Hansen Horn was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of architect Fin Horn (1861-1929) his wife and Kathinka Marie Hansen (1865-1942). Horn studied mining at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim, graduating in 1916. He then studied petroleum geology at Royal School of Mines in London, and took a Ph.D. in coal petrography at the Berlin Technical University in Charlottenburg.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was a leading Norwegian authority on coal and petroleum geology in the interwar years. In 1917, Horn was employed as a mining engineer for Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani on Spitsbergen. He worked from 1920 to 1923 as a petroleum geologist in Trinidad and Venezuela. In 1924 he became employed at the Norwegian Polar Institute. In addition to his purely scientific work, Horn also had administrative duties in the Arctic islands.

paragraph: During 1930, he headed the scientific expedition on the sealing vessel "M/S Bratvaag" which sailed under captain Peder Eliassen. The expedition located the camp of Swedish Arctic scientist Salomon August Andrée on Kvitøya. Other expeditions went to East Greenland and Franz Josef Land.

paragraph: Horn died in 1946 at Kapp Linné in Svalbard. He was buried at Vår Frelsers gravlund in Oslo.

description: Norwegian geologist

wikidata_label: Gunnar Horn

wikipedia_title: Gunnar Horn


text:
surgeon
Munich
Friedrich Thiersch
chemist
Justus von Liebig
Ludwig
Heinrich Wilhelm Josias
University of Munich
prosector
pathological anatomy
Erlangen
Leipzig
First War of Schleswig
Louis Stromeyer
Franco-Prussian War
epithelial
carcinoma
Rudolf Virchow
connective tissue
Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz
University of Breslau
Joseph Lister
antiseptic
salicylic acid
carbolic acid
wound healing
phosphorus necrosis of the jaw
skin grafting
Louis Léopold Ollier
Richard von Volkmann
"Karl Thiersch"
Who Named It
The Medical News (1895)

categories: Leipzig University faculty,University of Erlangen-Nuremberg faculty,1822 births,German surgeons,1895 deaths,People from Munich

paragraph: Karl Thiersch

paragraph: Karl Thiersch, also spelled Carl Thiersch (20 April 1822 – 28 April 1895), was a German surgeon born in Munich. His father was educationist Friedrich Thiersch, his father-in-law was renowned chemist Justus von Liebig. One brother, Ludwig, was an influential painter, while another, Heinrich Wilhelm Josias, was a theologian.

paragraph: He received his doctorate from the University of Munich in 1843, where from 1848 to 1854 he served as prosector of pathological anatomy. Afterwards he became a professor of surgery at the Universities of Erlangen (from 1854) and Leipzig (from 1867). He was a medical surgeon in the First War of Schleswig under Louis Stromeyer (1804–1876), and a medical consultant during the Franco-Prussian War.

paragraph: In 1865 Thiersch demonstrated the epithelial origin of carcinoma, which put him in opposition to the doctrine of Rudolf Virchow in that a carcinoma could originate from connective tissue. Thiersch's findings were thus agreed upon by research done by Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836–1921) at the University of Breslau. He is also credited with modifying Joseph Lister's technique of antiseptic sterilization by substituting salicylic acid for carbolic acid. In addition, he made contributions involving wound healing treatment and in research of phosphorus necrosis of the jaw.

paragraph: His name is associated with "Thiersch's graft", a method of split-skin grafting that he developed. This graft is sometimes referred to as an Ollier–Thiersch graft (named with French surgeon Louis Léopold Ollier).

paragraph: Section::::Selected publications.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Infectionsversuche an Thieren mit dem Inhalte des Choleradarmes" Munich, 1856. (won a prize from the French Academy in 1867)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "De maxillarum necrosi phosphorica"; Leipzig, 1867.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Der Epithelialkrebs, namentlich der Haut. Eine anatomisch-klinische Untersuchung" (with atlas), Leipzig, 1865

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Klinische Ergebnisse der Lister'schem Wundbehandlung und über den Ersatz der Carbolsäure durch Salicylsäure" In: Richard von Volkmann's Sammlung klinischer Vorträge, Leipzig, nos. 84, 85.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Karl Thiersch" at Who Named It

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Medical News (1895) (Biography of Karl Thiersch)

description: German surgeon

wikidata_label: Karl Thiersch

wikipedia_title: Karl Thiersch


text: French

text: contemporary artist

text: Paris, France

text: Marcel Duchamp Prize

text: Dike Blair

text: Artforum

text: Situationists

text: Fluxus

text: Beckett

text: Daniel Buren

text: Andy Warhol

text: ENSAD

text: Nina Childress

text: Pierre Huyghe

text: Mudam

text: Venice Biennale

text: Heath Bunting

text: Pierre Leguillon

text: Aleksandra Mir

text: Peter Kogler

text: David Shrigley

text: Palais de Tokyo

text: Claude Closky offline works

text: Claude Closky news

text: Claude Closky online works

text: Text by Lynne Cooke

text: for the Dia Art Foundation

text: Text by Dike Blair

text: Text by Marie Muracciole

text: , Naples

categories: Faculty of the École des Beaux-Arts,1963 births,Alumni of the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs,French mixed-media artists,Living people

paragraph: Claude Closky

paragraph: Claude Closky (born May 22, 1963) is a French contemporary artist, lives and works in Paris, France.

paragraph: Section::::Reception.

paragraph: Closky won the "Grand prix des Arts plastiques" (1999) and the Marcel Duchamp Prize (2005) awarded by the ADIAF.

paragraph: Dike Blair wrote in "Artforum" Magazine that "The lightness of Closky's art belies the depth of its absurdist heredity. Working in a post-modernist mode, Closky's art works combine aspects of the Situationists, Fluxus, Beckett, Tall, Daniel Buren, and Andy Warhol."

paragraph: Section::::Life and career.

paragraph: Claude Closky has no formal training as a visual artist. He entered the ENSAD (Ecole National Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs) in 1982 but quit at the end of the first year to co-found "The Ripoulin Brothers", a street artist collective, with Bla+Bla+Bla, Nina Childress, Jean Faucheur, Pierre Huyghe, Manhu, Ox, Trois carrés. In 1988 he left the group to develop his independent work, using voluntarily poor means such as drawing and printed matter.

paragraph: He has participated in the Biennials of Lyon (1995), Sydney (1996), Taipei (2000), València (2001), Sharjah (2005), Venice (2017). In 2000, the Mudam (Luxembourg Art Museum) commissioned him to conceive and manage its website, for which he made a magazine and a gallery dedicated to the internet. The site was launched at the Luxembourg Pavilion in the 2001 Venice Biennale. It presented specific works by Heath Bunting, François Curlet, Pierre Leguillon, Aleksandra Mir, Peter Kogler, David Shrigley, among others. Since 2005 he has taught at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In 2012 he curated "This & There", an exhibition to celebrate the tenth year of the "Pavilion, Palais de Tokyo Laboratory for Creation" (Paris) which presented the work of 74 artists in 74 different spaces.

paragraph: Section::::Work.

paragraph: The work of Claude Closky is mainly immaterial. Language is his model to articulate images, text, numbers, and sounds collected in our environment, or made in his studio. Although reluctant to producing objects and spectacular effects, Closky's work still addresses issues about visibility and space appropriation.

paragraph: Claude Closky's projects always find alternative ways to emancipate themselves from the formats imposed by the sites where they are exhibited. He seeks to point out the contradictions of our contemporary society and its representations, but also to question the role of art as producer of a cultural consensus and set of values. His works confront and question our environment, the conditions and benefits of artistic production, its relation to an audience.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claude Closky offline works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claude Closky news.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Claude Closky online works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text by Lynne Cooke about Closky's commission for the Dia Art Foundation, 1997.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text by Dike Blair about Closky's art pieces for the web, 1999/a.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text by Marie Muracciole about Closky's exhibition at Museo Madre, Naples, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Text by Marie Muracciole about Closky's exhibitions "Laloli" and "Rarori", 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Square One", text by Katy Siegel and Paul Mattick, 2007.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Internet Site of the Musée d'Art Moderne Grand-Duc Jean, Mudam Luxembourg, conceived by Claude Closky, 2000-2006.

description: French artist

wikidata_label: Claude Closky

wikipedia_title: Claude Closky


text: Radio Ceylon

text: Kurana

text: Katunayake

text: Ceylon

text: Ernest Corea

text: Milagiriya

text: Chilaw

text: Dominicus Corea

text: James Alfred Ernest Corea

text: freedom fighters

text: Charles Edgar Corea

text: Victor Corea

text: Mahatma Gandhi

text: Royal College, Colombo

text: Bishop’s College, Calcutta

text: India

text: Uva College

text: Badulla

text: Radio Ceylon

text: Clifford Dodd

text: Livy Wijemanne

text: popular music

text: baila

text: Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation

text: Elvis Presley

text: Patsy Cline

text: Louis Armstrong

text: Jim Reeves

text: Hank Snow

text: Cliff Richard

text: Nimal Mendis

text: Des Kelly

text: Cliff Foenander

text: South Asian

text: Hindu Newspaper

text: India

text: Clarence Wijewardena

text: Annesley Malewana

text: Ivan Corea

text: Vijaya Corea

text: Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation

text: Nihal Bhareti

text: Leon Belleth

text: Upper Norwood

text: BBC Radio London

text: London Sounds Eastern

text: Ravi Shankar

text: Usha Uthup

text: Radio Times

text: BBC Radio

text: BBC News

text: George Alagiah

text: Nepal

text: Bangladesh

text: Maldives

text: President of the Maldives

text: Lay Reader

text: Church of England

text: Wimbledon Village

text: Christ Church, Gipsy Hill

text: The Guardian

text: lay reader

text: autism

text: Autism Spectrum Disorder

text: St.Paul's Cathedral

text: Autism Sunday

text: New Malden

text: Radio Ceylon

text: Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation

text: List of Sri Lankan Broadcasters

text: Ceylon Broadcasting Corporation

text: Official Tribute to Vernon Corea

text: Blog on Vernon Corea 1927–2002

categories: Anglican lay readers,British radio presenters,Alumni of Royal College, Colombo,Sri Lankan radio personalities,2002 deaths,British radio executives,Sinhalese people,Corea family,British radio journalists,English people of Sri Lankan descent,Autism activists,1927 births,People from Wimbledon, London

paragraph: Vernon Corea

paragraph: Vernon Corea (11 September 1927 – 23 September 2002) was a pioneer radio broadcaster with 45 years of public service broadcasting both in Sri Lanka and the UK. He joined Radio Ceylon, South Asia's oldest radio station, in 1956 and later the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. During his time he presented some of the most popular radio shows in South Asia, including "The Maliban Show", "Dial-a-Disc", "Holiday Choice", "Two For the Money", "Take It Or Leave It", "Saturday Stars", "To Each His Own","Kiddies Corner", and "Old Folks at Home". He was well known not only in Sri Lanka, but right across the Indian Sub-Continent from the late 1950s to the 1970s – this was in the heyday of Radio Ceylon, the oldest radio station in South Asia.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Corea was born in Kurana, Katunayake in Ceylon on 11 September 1927. His parents were Reverend Canon Ivan Corea and Ouida Corea, and was the brother of Ernest Corea a prominent journalist and former Ambassador to the United States. Rev. Corea was Vicar of St. Luke's Church, Borella, and St. Paul's Church, Milagiriya. His family hailed from the west coast town of Chilaw in Sri Lanka and were direct descendants of General Dominicus Corea, also known as Edirille Rala who was tasked to take over Kotte in 1596 for King Vimala Dharmasurya I. His grandfather was Dr. James Alfred Ernest Corea, brother of the famed freedom fighters of Sri Lanka, Charles Edgar Corea and Victor Corea, founders of the Chilaw Association and the Ceylon National Congress. Recognising their role in the independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi, known as the 'Father of India,' visited Chilaw on his first and only visit to Ceylon in 1927 and met Vernon's grandfather in a Corea home called 'Sigiriya.'

paragraph: Vernon Corea was educated at Royal College, Colombo a well known education institution, in Sri Lanka. He represented the school in tennis and was fully involved in the world of drama and the debating society. He was sent by his father to Bishop’s College, Calcutta, India for training into the priesthood. In Calcutta he was elected President of the Ceylon Students Association and acted in drama performances. He felt that the priesthood was not his vocation and returned to Ceylon, after the death of his mother.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Following brief careers in teaching at Uva College in Badulla (where he met his wife Monica) and as a salesman at Car Mart in Colombo, Vernon Corea joined Radio Ceylon as a Relief Announcer in 1956, he was appointed by the Director of the Commercial Service, the Australian, Clifford Dodd and his assistant Livy Wijemanne. He became well known as "The Golden Voice of Radio Ceylon", representing shows of popular music, baila music, and western music. He was later Business Manager, News Director at the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation.Corea represented the Director-General of the station at a Commonwealth Broadcasting Conference, when he was in the United Kingdom, on a six-month fellowship with the Nuffield Trust in 1970.

paragraph: From 1956 to 1960, Vernon Corea and other announcers of Radio Ceylon introduced the music of Elvis Presley, Patsy Cline, Louis Armstrong, Jim Reeves, Hank Snow, and Cliff Richard over the airwaves of Radio Ceylon/Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. They became hugely popular in South Asia.

paragraph: Throughout his life and his broadcasting career Corea promoted the very best of Sri Lankan talent in the world of popular music. He was the first to consistently promote Sri Lanka's musicians through his highly influential entertainment column – EMCEE published in the Ceylon Daily News in the 1960s–1970s. Vernon introduced hundreds of musicians to listeners at Radio Ceylon/Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation and in the studios of BBC Radio London when he presented the popular London Sounds Eastern radio programme. He 'discovered' many young Sri Lankan stars through his radio programmes on Radio Ceylon and promoted their musical talents in the EMCEE column in the Daily News in Colombo. Some went onto the international stage.

paragraph: Some of Ceylon's first music stars such as Nimal Mendis, Bill Forbes, Des Kelly and Cliff Foenander, were interviewed by Vernon Corea, for Radio Ceylon. Their music was also introduced to a vast audience across the Indian sub-continent – millions tuned into the radio station and Radio Ceylon announcers enjoyed iconic status with South Asian listeners.

paragraph: The respected Hindu Newspaper of India placed Vernon Corea in the Top 5 Broadcasters of the World stating that he introduced Sinhala Music onto the English Services of the Commercial Service of Radio Ceylon and the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. He was the first to introduce the talents of Clarence Wijewardena, Annesley Malewana, and others on English radio programmes, on Radio Ceylon.

paragraph: As a special tribute to Vernon Corea's father, Reverend Canon Ivan Corea, the Sri Lankan superstar Clarence Wijewardena composed a moving song about a father's love,'Ma Ethi Dedi Kala Piyaneni.' It was an international hit for Clarence Wijewardena and Annesley Malewana. In an interview, Annesley Malewanna recalls: ""When we toured England in 1994 to hold musical shows, Vernon Corea who was in England requested me to sing this particular song. When I got on to the stage and started singing Vernon broke down and all of us were moved by this incident. Wherever we go, most people in foreign countries requested me to sing this song. Now I dedicate that song to my late father," he said. "

paragraph: Section::::Television.

paragraph: Vernon Corea created television history on the island of Sri Lanka when he was invited to present the first ever experimental television broadcast on 15 June 1972 by the "Radio Society of Ceylon." He appeared on television screens in Colombo, in black and white, on a short TV programme, this was history in the making. Seven years later the first regular television transmission was conducted in Sri Lanka and the first TV presenter on that regular transmission was Vernon Corea's cousin, Vijaya Corea – he introduced his cousin to radio by asking him to present 'Kiddies Corner' a popular children's programme on Radio Ceylon in the 1960s. Vijaya Corea was one of many young broadcasters "mentored" by Vernon Corea – he went on to become the Director-General of the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. Another protégé was Nihal Bhareti who went on to greater height heights in broadcasting and was the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation's Director of English Services. Leon Belleth was another mentee, after a successful career with Radio Ceylon/SLBC he retired in Australia.

paragraph: There are now several television stations operating on the island, a far cry from the early experiments of the Radio Society of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1972.

paragraph: Section::::The BBC.

paragraph: The Corea family migrated to England in 1975. Vernon Corea worked for Radio Worldwide based in Upper Norwood, then for BBC Radio London as a presenter for the popular London Sounds Eastern. He interviewed many Asian stars, including Pandit Ravi Shankar and Usha Uthup. The BBC radio programme drew a huge audience in the capital and was even featured in the Radio Times. Vernon Corea soon climbed the management ladder at the BBC – he was appointed Local Radio Asian Programmes Officer in 1978. He went on to become the "Ethnic Minorities Adviser" to the BBC; This was a senior management appointment – he held this post at the BBC until his retirement. Vernon Corea played a pivotal role in introducing and mentoring young, gifted and talented people into broadcasting. He trained minority ethnic broadcasters and found placements for them on the BBC Local Radio Network. His work contributed to the diversity of the BBC. Vernon Corea also lectured at the BBC Training Centre. Many of Corea's trainees are now presenters of mainstream radio programmes on BBC Radio. Among those who came to seek Vernon Corea's advice was the top BBC News Presenter, George Alagiah.

paragraph: Corea was also invited to Nepal, Bangladesh and the Maldives to train broadcasters and was introduced to the President of the Maldives on a visit to Male, the capital.

paragraph: Section::::Church Work.

paragraph: Vernon Corea was a Christian, he was very involved in the work of the church in the UK – he was a Lay Reader of the Church of England at Emmanuel Church in Wimbledon Village, South-West London and previous to that appointment he was Lay Reader at Christ Church, Gipsy Hill in South-East London.

paragraph: Recalling his life, Reginald Massey noted in "The Guardian": "Corea was a born broadcaster and racy raconteur, prone to making outrageous remarks with a straight face. But behind his frivolous manner was a generous and large-hearted Christian, who was also a lay reader at Emmanuel church in Wimbledon village, in south-west London." '

paragraph: Section::::Autism.

paragraph: The struggles of parents, carers, children and adults with autism was something Corea cared deeply about, after his own grandson was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. He raised awareness of the condition. In 2002 he attended a historic service for autism held at St.Paul's Cathedral in London and wrote Prayers for Autism. These prayers are now being said on Autism Sunday commemorated annually, by churches and religious organisations across the world, on the second Sunday in February.

paragraph: He died of diabetes, in New Malden in Surrey on 23 September 2002.

paragraph: Section::::Quotes on Vernon Corea.

paragraph: 'Vernon was a pioneering influence in the BBC and helped to lay the foundation for the work we are continuing to do to make sure our staff and our programmes are truly representative of our nation's diverse population.' (Greg Dyke – Director-General BBC)

paragraph: ' His sense of loyalty to his management and to his profession and his compassion and concern for those who worked under him were exemplary.' (Neville Jayaweera – former Director-General SLBC)

paragraph: ' The BBC at this time was striving to be more inclusive, and Corea found himself at the forefront of an increasing thrust for diversity. His importance both as a figurehead and a consultant was recognised by his appointment as the first ethnic minorities adviser in 1978.' (The Times)

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radio Ceylon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Sri Lankan Broadcasters

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Art of Radio" By Stuart Wavell – Training Manual written by the Director Training of the CBC – Ceylon Broadcasting Corporation, 1969. (Photograph of Vernon Corea leading a brainstorming session in the Boardroom of the CBC)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Satchmo Blows Up the World: Jazz Ambassadors Play the Cold War by PM Von Eschen", Paperback – Harvard University Press; New edition (29 September 2006),

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vernon Corea The Golden Voice of Radio Ceylon

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official Tribute to Vernon Corea

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blog on Vernon Corea 1927–2002

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blog on Vernon Corea, pioneering broadcaster of Radio Ceylon/BBC

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vernon Corea's speech at Emmanuel Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- News article: A Live Wire Fades Away -Sunday Times, Colombo

paragraph: BULLET::::- News article:Vernon Corea's 2nd Death Anniversary – Daily News, Colombo

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Golden Voice of Radio Ceylon: Feature in the Sunday Observer, Colombo

paragraph: BULLET::::- British Newspapers Pay Tribute to Sri Lankan Broadcaster – Daily News, Colombo

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary on Vernon Corea in The Guardian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary on Vernon Corea in The Times (Brief Lives)

paragraph: BULLET::::- BBC Radio 4 Empire Stories: Vernon Corea

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eighty Years of Broadcasting in Sri Lanka

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sri Lanka Remembers The Legendary Vernon Corea: Feature in World Music Central

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reference to Vernon Corea on the Olympic Council of Asia : National Olympic Committees website

description: The legendary broadcaster – a pioneer with Radio Ceylon/Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation and the BBC.

enwikiquote_title: Vernon Corea

wikidata_label: Vernon Corea

wikipedia_title: Vernon Corea