text:
Nürnberg
Germany
heavy metal
drummer
Gamma Ray
Freedom Call
Valley of the Kings
Somewhere Out In Space
The Karaoke Album
Karaoke
Power Plant
Blast from the Past
No World Order
Skeletons in the Closet
Majestic
Land of the Free II
Hell Yeah! The Awesome Foursome
To The Metal
Skeletons & Majesties (EP)
Skeletons & Majesties Live
The Best (Of)
Stairway To Fairyland
Taragon EP
Crystal Empire
Eternity
Live Invasion
The Circle of Life
Dimensions
Legend of the Shadowking
Ages of Light 1998-2013
Under A Different Sun
Saitenfeuer
Lenny Wolf
Coming Home (single)
Unification
Profile on official Gamma Ray website

categories: Gamma Ray (band) members,Iron Savior members,1966 births,People from Nuremberg,Male drummers,German heavy metal drummers,Freedom Call members,Living people,German male musicians

paragraph: Dan Zimmermann

paragraph: Daniel Hans Erwin Zimmermann (born 30 October 1966 in Nürnberg, Germany) is a retired heavy metal drummer. Dan is best known as having been the drummer of German power metal bands Gamma Ray and Freedom Call from 1997 to 2012. He was a founding member of Freedom Call, from which he departed in 2010. Two years later he also left Gamma Ray, announcing a rest from the music business in 2012.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Gamma Ray.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Valley of the Kings" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Somewhere Out In Space" (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Karaoke Album" (1997) - Karaoke Compilation album

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Power Plant" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Blast from the Past" (2000) - "Best of" Compilation album

paragraph: BULLET::::- "No World Order" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skeletons in the Closet" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Majestic" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Land of the Free II" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hell Yeah! The Awesome Foursome" (2008)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To The Metal" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skeletons & Majesties (EP)" (2011)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Skeletons & Majesties Live" (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Best (Of)" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Freedom Call.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Stairway To Fairyland" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Taragon EP" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Crystal Empire" (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Eternity" (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Live Invasion" (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Circle of Life" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dimensions" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Legend of the Shadowking" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ages of Light 1998-2013" (2013)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Lanzer.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Under A Different Sun" (1995)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Hirsch und Palatzky.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Saitenfeuer" (1997)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Lenny Wolf.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lenny Wolf" (1999)

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:With Iron Savior.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Coming Home (single)" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unification" (1999)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Profile on official Gamma Ray website

description: German drummer

wikidata_label: Dan Zimmermann

wikipedia_title: Dan Zimmermann


text: DL

text: British

text: Liberal Party

text: Member of Parliament

text: House of Lords

text: Ilkley

text: Congregationalists

text: poliomyelitis

text: independent

text: Mill Hill School

text: Trinity Hall

text: Cambridge

text: University of Leeds

text: Leeds

text: Liberal Party

text: Huddersfield

text: vote of no confidence

text: 1950 general election

text: Huddersfield West

text: Huddersfield East

text: Seretse Khama

text: Bechuanaland

text: British Rail

text: National Union of Railwaymen

text: Schuman Declaration

text: European Economic Community

text: Jo Grimond

text: Edward Martell

text: Arthur Holt

text: Bolton West

text: Liberal Assembly

text: Anthony Wedgwood Benn

text: Peerage Act 1963

text: National Liberal Organization

text: Frank Owen

text: Herbert Butcher

text: 1964 general election

text: Life Peerage

text: Huddersfield

text: West Riding of York

text: House of Lords

text: President of the Liberal Party

text: Deputy Lieutenant

text: Alderman

text: European Convention on Human Rights

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: Jeremy Thorpe

text: Obituary

text: Michael Meadowcroft

categories: UK MPs 1951–1955,UK MPs 1959–1964,Liberal Party (UK) life peers,UK MPs 1950–1951,Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,People educated at Mill Hill School,Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge,1904 births,Deputy Lieutenants of the West Riding of Yorkshire,1988 deaths,English solicitors,People from Ilkley,Presidents of the Liberal Party (UK),UK MPs 1955–1959

paragraph: Donald Wade, Baron Wade

paragraph: Donald William Wade, Baron Wade, DL (16 June 1904 – 6 November 1988) was a British solicitor who became a Liberal Party Member of Parliament. Wade's time in Parliament coincided with the time the Liberals were at their lowest ebb but his job as Chief Whip kept the party operating until times were better; however, his own seat was dependent on a local pact with the Conservatives and when it broke down, he was defeated. He was then elevated to the House of Lords where he became an active Peer.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Wade was born in Ilkley to a wealthy family who were Congregationalists. He had a poorly childhood, suffering from poliomyelitis. He was sent to the independent boarding Mill Hill School, set up by nonconformists, and went from there to Trinity Hall, Cambridge. After lecturing in Law at the University of Leeds, he qualified as a Solicitor and joined a company in Leeds where he became a partner.

paragraph: Section::::Liberalism.

paragraph: Active in the Liberal Party, Wade wrote many pamphlets supporting Liberal policy. He was Chairman of the Yorkshire Liberal Federation for many years, and served on the Liberal party Executive from 1949. When boundary changes proposed in 1948 produced two constituencies based on the town of Huddersfield, where the local Liberal Association was strong, Wade proposed to the local Conservative Association that their respective parties would benefit from a pact whereby each agreed to fight only one of the constituencies and to support the other's candidate. The Conservatives wanted a pledge that any Liberal MP elected would not support a Labour government in a vote of no confidence; Wade slightly softened the wording and pledged that he "would not vote in such a way as to give a vote of confidence to an administration committed to further Socialist measures", which was accepted.

paragraph: Section::::Election campaign.

paragraph: Accordingly, at the 1950 general election, Wade was nominated in Huddersfield West in a straight fight against the Labour candidate. He won with a majority of nearly 7,000, although the Conservatives failed to win in Huddersfield East. Wade was helped by the coverage of the "Huddersfield Examiner" whose editor was a Liberal but believed in extensive coverage of political issues.

paragraph: Section::::Parliamentary career.

paragraph: Wade took an interest in international affairs, challenging the Attlee government on its treatment of Seretse Khama in Bechuanaland. He was a member of the All-Party Parliamentary Committee on World Government and went as a delegate to the Congress on World Government in 1951. The same year he complained about the 'colour bar' being operated by British Rail and the National Union of Railwaymen, preventing black immigrants from working in certain posts.

paragraph: In the early 1950s, Wade pressed for the United Kingdom government to sign up to the Schuman Declaration, the coal and steel co-operation agreement between six European governments which led to the later establishment of the European Economic Community. Wade was concerned that the establishment of commercial television would lead to lower standards and voted against the Television Bill of 1954. This issue had divided the Liberals: of their six MPs, two supported the Bill, two opposed, and two failed to vote. However, he did urge that the 'fourteen-day rule' restricting broadcast discussion on political topics likely to come up in Parliament, should be abolished.

paragraph: Section::::Chief Whip.

paragraph: Wade's local base was threatened when the pact between Conservatives and Liberals for municipal elections was called off in 1956, but a reconciliation was later agreed. He became Liberal Chief Whip in November 1956 after his predecessor Jo Grimond was elected Leader of the party. His nonconformist faith bade him to join the Parliamentary Temperance Group and he called for restrictions on licensing in the late 1950s because he believed public drunkenness was increasing. He wrote a pamphlet in 1958 called "Towards a Nation of Owners", calling for co-ownership of industry.

paragraph: In 1958, a movement promoted by Edward Martell grew for a formal alliance of Conservatives and Liberals in an "Anti-Socialist Front". The Liberal Party Executive rejected the idea, whereupon Martell demanded a statement from Wade and from Arthur Holt, MP for Bolton West, who had been elected as a result of a similar pact.

paragraph: Section::::Liberal Party role.

paragraph: At the 1960 Liberal Assembly, Wade moved a motion on behalf of the Liberal Party Executive which defended the party policy of collective security with multilateral nuclear disarmament. A unilateralist amendment provoked a heated debate, but ultimately the Executive's position was upheld. Although not entirely happy with the more active form of 'community politics' (a new Liberal Party Agent once recalled how Wade got lost when showing her around the constituency), in January 1961 Wade volunteered to spend two days in a constituent's home to assess the noise from a woollen mill.

paragraph: Wade was a sponsor of the Bills intended to allow Peers to renounce unwanted titles which were introduced after Anthony Wedgwood Benn inherited the Viscountcy of Stansgate in 1960. He was also a member of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Lords Reform which led to the Peerage Act 1963. With the Liberal Party recovery of the early 1960s, Wade asked why the National Liberal Organization continued to exist when they were indistinguishable from Conservatives. In 1962 he became Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Commons and gave up being Chief Whip.

paragraph: Section::::Liberal Party role.:Controversy.

paragraph: In July 1962, Wade sponsored a drinks reception at the House of Commons on behalf of a whisky company, having been asked to by former Liberal MP and public relations consultant Frank Owen. Sir Herbert Butcher, chairman of the Kitchen Committee, expressed his concern that the facilities of the House were being used on behalf of public relations companies.

paragraph: Section::::Defeat.

paragraph: In 1961, the Huddersfield pact was declared over and a Conservative candidate was adopted. At the 1964 general election Wade therefore found himself with Conservative and Labour opponents. The campaign in Huddersfield West was fairly bitter. Both the Conservative and Labour agents insisted that Wade would come bottom of the poll.

paragraph: Section::::Peerage.

paragraph: Wade did lose his seat to Labour, but only by 1,280 votes; he was praised for a strong electoral performance and asked by the Liberals to stand again. However, Wade instead accepted a Life Peerage on a Liberal nomination, and on 28 December 1964 was created Baron Wade, of Huddersfield in the West Riding of York. He served as Deputy Liberal Whip in the House of Lords from 1965 to 1967 and was President of the Liberal Party for the year 1967-68. He was a Deputy Lieutenant of the West Riding from 1967.

paragraph: With his time freed up, Wade became Chairman of the Yorkshire Committee for Community Relations, which dealt with race relations. In 1968 he was nominated for election as an Alderman of Leeds City Council but the other parties declined to support him. In the House of Lords he used his freedom to promote legislation on subjects which interested him: in 1969 he introduced a Bill to introduce local ombudsmen.

paragraph: Section::::Human rights.

paragraph: In the 1970s Wade launched a campaign to make the European Convention on Human Rights part of United Kingdom law. He introduced a Bill to this effect in several sessions; in 1977, a Conservative motion to refer it to a Select Committee succeeded. The Committee was split down the middle, but the full House endorsed the principle by 56 votes to 30 in November 1978. He kept up the campaign after Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister, but she refused to initiate talks. In 1978 Wade urged Jeremy Thorpe to stand down after Thorpe was charged with conspiracy to murder.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Times"

paragraph: BULLET::::- M. Stenton and S. Lees, "Who's Who of British MPs" Vol. IV (Harvester Press, 1981)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Obituary by Michael Meadowcroft

description: British politician

wikidata_label: Donald Wade, Baron Wade

wikipedia_title: Donald Wade, Baron Wade


text:
Greek
Basileus
Antigonid dynasty
successor state
Macedon
Alexander the Great
Battle of Pydna
Roman
Philip V of Macedon
Polycratia of Argos
Demetrius
Romans
Abrupolis
Thrace
Delphi
Third Macedonian War
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
Battle of Pydna
Philippus
Alexander
Blaise Pascal
Pensées
Andriscus of Macedon
Andriscus
Roman province of Macedonia
Laodice V
Seleucus IV
Syria
Alexander
triumph
Alba Fucens
metalworker
Latin
History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Macedonian Wars

categories: 2nd-century BC Macedonian monarchs,Ancient Macedonian monarchs,2nd-century BC rulers in Europe,2nd-century BC Macedonians,2nd-century BC Greek people

paragraph: Perseus of Macedon

paragraph: Perseus (Greek: Περσεύς, "Perseus"; 212 – 166 BC) was the last king ("Basileus") of the Antigonid dynasty, who ruled the successor state in Macedon created upon the death of Alexander the Great. He also has the distinction of being the last of the line, after losing the Battle of Pydna on 22 June 168 BC; subsequently Macedon came under Roman rule.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Perseus was the son of king Philip V of Macedon and a concubine, probably Polycratia of Argos. He therefore feared that the throne might pass on his legitimate younger brother Demetrius, not least due to interference from the Romans, who considered their former hostage Demetrius a true friend. Perseus thus staged a plot to make their father believe that his brother was a traitor, and as a result Philip had Demetrius executed.

paragraph: Section::::Reign.

paragraph: In 179 BC Philip V of Macedon died and Perseus took the throne. Although his role in killing Demetrius had not endeared him to the Romans, one of his first acts on becoming king was to renew the treaty with the Republic. Yet, Perseus' other actions troubled the Senate. His interference in the affairs of his neighbors, his ousting of the Roman ally Abrupolis from his territories in Thrace, his armed visit to Delphi, his avoidance of the Roman ambassadors to Macedonia, and his dynastic marriages all gave the Romans cause for concern.

paragraph: Soon Rome and Perseus went to war in the Third Macedonian War (171-168 BC). Although Perseus had some initial success, the war ended with the King's surrender to the Roman general Lucius Aemilius Paullus after his decisive defeat at the Battle of Pydna, and his eventual imprisonment in Rome with his half-brother Philippus and son Alexander. Blaise Pascal mentions in his Pensées (Lafuma 15) that Perseus was blamed for not committing suicide, supposedly after his defeat at Pydna. The Antigonid kingdom was dissolved, and replaced with four republics. Andriscus of Macedon broke off the Roman rule for about a year, but was defeated in 148 BC by the Romans. In 146 BC, following the quashing of a rebellion led by the last Macedonian king Andriscus, the four republics were dissolved, and Macedon officially became the Roman province of Macedonia.

paragraph: In 178 BC, he had married Laodice V, the daughter of Seleucus IV from Syria. One son of Perseus and Laodice, Alexander was still a child when Perseus was conquered by the Romans, and after the triumph of Aemilius Paullus in 167 BC, was kept in custody at Alba Fucens, together with his father. He became a skillful metalworker, learned the Latin language, and became a public notary.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Macedonian Wars

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Oliver D. Hoover, "Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, Sixth to First Centuries BC" [The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 3], Lancaster/London, Classical Numismatic Group, 2016.

wikidata_label: Perseus of Macedon

wikipedia_title: Perseus of Macedon


text:
Philip
Elimeia
Macedonian
satrap
Philip II
Alexander
Wars of the Diadochi
Antigonid dynasty
Siege of Perinthos
Alexander II
Perdiccas III
battle of the Granicus
satrap
Phrygia
Battle of Issus
Atizyes
Persian Empire
victory at Issus
Partition of Babylon
Lycaonia
Pamphylia
Lycia
Pisidia
Perdiccas
regent
Eumenes
Paphlagonia
Cappadocia
Leonnatus
Demetrius
Craterus
First War of the Diadochi
Ptolemy
Seleucus
Antigenes
Triparadisus
Strategos
Eumenes
Cappadocia
Battle of Orkynia
Pisidia
Battle of Cretopolis
Polyperchon
Cassander
Cleitus the White
Nicanor
Antigenes
Silver Shields
Hypaspists
upper satrapies
Babylonia
Seleucus
Pheiton Karteau
Susa
Susiana
battle of Paraitakene
battle of Gabiene
Peucestas
Susa
Babylon
Seleucus
Lysimachus
Aristodemus
Peloponnesus
Polemaios
Tyre
Asander
Lydia
Caria
Demetrius
Telesphorus
battle of Gaza
Babylonia
Babylonian War
naval
Battle of Salamis
Cyprus
Egypt
Rhodes
siege of Rhodes
Hellespont
Battle of Ipsus
modus vivendi
Roman Republic
Battle of Pydna
Siege of Perinthos
Mary Renault
Funeral Games
Oliver Stone
Ian Beattie
L. Sprague de Camp
The Bronze God of Rhodes
Christian Cameron
Alfred Duggan
Elephants and Castles
Babylonian Chronicles
Chronicle of the Diadochi
Diodorus Siculus
Justin
xv. 1-4
Nepos
Eumenes
Plutarch
Demetrius
Eumenes
A genealogical tree of Antigonus
Antigonus I Monophthalmus

categories: Generals of Alexander the Great,Ancient Macedonian generals,4th-century BC rulers,Royalty and nobility with disabilities,Ancient Macedonians killed in battle,Antigonus I Monophthalmus,Satraps of the Alexandrian Empire,382 BC births,Ancient Elimiotes,301 BC deaths,Hellenistic Phrygia,Antigonid dynasty,Monarchs killed in action

paragraph: Antigonus I Monophthalmus

paragraph: Antigonus I Monophthalmus (, Antigonus the One-eyed, 382–301 BC), son of Philip from Elimeia, was a Macedonian nobleman, general, satrap and king. During the first half of his life he served under Philip II, after Philip’s death in 336 BC, he served his son Alexander, he was a major figure in the Wars of the Diadochi after Alexander's death, declaring himself king in 306 BC and establishing the Antigonid dynasty.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: Not much is known about Antigonus' early career. He must have been an important figure in the Macedonian Army because when he emerges in historical sources he is in command of a large part of Alexander's army (Antigonus commanded Alexander's 7,000 allied Greek infantry). There is a story in Plutarch about an Antigonus who lost an eye at the Siege of Perinthos (340 BC) when he was struck by a catapult bolt. Since Antigonus was of the same age as Philip, and a nobleman, he almost certainly must have served during Philip’s campaigns. He might even have served under Philip’s brothers (Alexander II and Perdiccas III).

paragraph: Section::::Serving Alexander.

paragraph: In 334 BC, Antigonus must have participated in the battle of the Granicus since he commanded a division of the army, and Alexander's entire army was at the Granicus. When Alexander marched east he appointed Antigonus as satrap (governor) of Phrygia. After the Battle of Issus, he succeeded the Achaemenid satrap of Greater Phrygia Atizyes, who died in the battle. Antigonus successfully performed his primary responsibility: to defend Alexander's lines of supply and communication during the latter's extended campaign against the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Following Alexander's victory at Issus, part of the Persian army regrouped in Cappadocia and attempted to sever Alexander's lines of supply and communication running through the centre of Asia Minor; however, Antigonus defeated the Persian forces in three separate battles. After defeating the Persian counter-attack, Antigonus focused on conquering the rest of Phrygia and maintaining Alexander's lines of communication and supply.

paragraph: Section::::Alexander's death.

paragraph: At the division of the provinces (the so-called Partition of Babylon) after Alexander's death in 323 BC, Antigonus had his authority over Phrygia, Lycaonia, Pamphylia, Lycia and western Pisidia confirmed by Perdiccas, the regent of the empire. However, he incurred the enmity of Perdiccas by refusing to assist Eumenes to obtain possession of the provinces allotted to him; Paphlagonia and Cappadocia. Leonnatus had left with his army for Greece, leaving Antigonus alone to deal with Cappadocia, a task he apparently could not or would not complete without additional aid. Perdiccas seems to have viewed this as a direct affront to his authority and led the royal army to conquer the area. From there Perdiccas turned west towards Phrygia in order to humble Antigonus, who escaped with his son Demetrius to Greece, where he obtained the favour of Antipater, the viceroy of Macedonia (321 BC), and Craterus, one of Alexander’s top generals. During the First War of the Diadochi, he formed a coalition with Antipater, Craterus and Ptolemy. In 320 BC, Antigonus sailed to and secured Cyprus. The war ended in 320 BC when Perdiccas was murdered by discontent officers (Seleucus and Antigenes) while unsuccessfully trying to invade Ptolemy's satrapy of Egypt.

paragraph: Section::::Perdiccas's death.

paragraph: With the death of Perdiccas in 321 BC, a new attempt at dividing the empire took place at Triparadisus. Antipater was made the new Regent of the Empire and Antigonus became Strategos of Asia. Antigonus was entrusted with the command of the war against the former members of the Perdiccan faction who had been condemned at Triparadisus.

paragraph: Antigonus took charge of a part of the Royal Army, and after being reinforced with more reliable troops from Antipater’s European Army, he marched against the ex-Perdiccans Eumenes, Alketas, Domikos, Attalos and Polemon in Asia Minor. Antigonos decided to deal with Eumenes, who was in Cappadocia, first. Despite being outnumbered Antigonus adopted a bold attacking strategy. He eventually outgeneraled and defeated Eumenes at the Battle of Orkynia and forced him to retire to the fortress of Nora (). Leaving Eumenes under siege at Nora, Antigonos now marched on the combined forces of Alketas, Domikos, Attalos and Polemon near Cretopolis in Pisidia. Antigonos surprised and defeated his opponents at the Battle of Cretopolis. So Antigonos, in two brilliant campaigns, in the course of one campaigning season had annihilated the remnants of the Perdiccan faction with the exception of Eumenes who was still bottled up in Nora.

paragraph: Section::::Antipater's death and the Second Diadochi War.

paragraph: When Antipater died in 319 BC, he left the regentship to Polyperchon, excluding Cassander, his son. Antigonus and the other dynasts refused to recognize Polyperchon, since it would have undermined their own ambitions. Antigonus entered into negotiations with Eumenes, but Eumenes had already been swayed by Polyperchon, who gave him authority over all other generals within the empire. Affecting his escape from Nora through trickery, Eumenes raised a small army and fled south into Cilicia. Antigonus did not move against Eumenes directly because he was tied up in northwestern Asia Minor campaigning against Cleitus the White who had a large fleet at the Hellespont.

paragraph: Cleitus was able to defeat Antigonus's admiral Nicanor in a sea battle but he was caught off guard the next morning when Antigonus and Nicanor launched a double assault by land and sea on his camp, Cleitus was taken completely by surprise and his entire force was captured or killed. Meanwhile, Eumenes had taken control of Cilicia, Syria and Phoenicia, he had formed an alliance with Antigenes and Teutamos, the commanders of the Silver Shields and the Hypaspists, and began to raise a naval force on behalf of Polyperchon. When it was ready he sent the fleet west to reinforce Polyperchon, but off the coast of Cilicia it was met by Antigonus’s fleet and changed sides. Antigonus had settled his affairs in Asia Minor and marched east into Cilicia intent on doing battle with Eumenes in Syria. Eumenes somehow had advance knowledge of this and marched out of Phoenica, through Syria into Mesopotamia, with the idea of gathering support in the upper satrapies.

paragraph: Eumenes gained the support of Amphimachos, the satrap of Mesopotamia, then marched his army into Northern Babylonia, where he put them into winter quarters. During the winter he negotiated with Seleucus, the satrap of Babylonia, and Pheiton Karteau, the satrap of Media, seeking their help against Antigonus. Antigonus, finding out Eumenes had left his provinces, took some time securing Cilicia and northern Syria before he marched into Mesopotamia. Unable to sway Seleucus and Pheiton, Eumenes had left his winter quarters early and marched on Susa, a major royal treasury, in Susiana. In Susa, Eumenes sent letters to all the satraps to the north and east of Susiana, ordering them in the kings' names to join him with all their forces. When the satraps joined Eumenes he had a considerable force, with which he could look forward with some confidence to doing battle against Antigonus. Eumenes then marched southeastwards into Persia, where he picked up additional reinforcements Antigonus, meanwhile, had reached Susa and left Seleucus there to besiege the place, while he himself marched after Eumenes. At the river Kopratas, Eumenes surprised Antigonus during the crossing of the river and killed of captured 4,000 of his men. Antigonus, faced with disaster, decided to abandon the crossing and turned back northward, marching up into Media, threatening the upper satrapies. Eumenes wanted to march westward, and cut Antigonus's lines of supply, but the satraps refused to abandon their satrapies and forced Eumenes to stay in the east. In the late summer of 316 BC, Antigonus moved southward again in the hope of bringing Eumenes to battle and ending the war quickly. Eventually the two armies in southern Media and fought in the indecisive battle of Paraitakene. Antigonus, whose casualties were more numerous, force marched his army to safety the next night. During the winter of 316–315 BC, Antigonus tried to surprise Eumenes in Persia by marching his army across a desert and catching his enemy off guard, unfortunately, he was observed by some locals who reported it to his opponents. A few days later both armies drew up for battle. The battle of Gabiene was as indecisive as previous the previous battle at Parataikene. According to Plutarch and Diodorus, Eumenes had won the battle but lost control of his army's baggage camp thanks to his ally Peucestas' duplicity or incompetence. This baggage also included all the loot of the Silver Shields (treasure accumulated over 30 years of successful warfare; it contained not only gold, silver, gems and other booty but also the soldiers' women and children) and they wanted it back. Antigonus responded to a request for the return of the baggage train sent by Teutamus, one of their commanders, by demanding they give him Eumenes, the Silver Shields complied, arrested Eumenes and his officers and handed them over. The war was thus at an end. Eumenes was placed under guard while Antigonus held a council to pondered his fate. Antigonus was disinclined to kill Eumenes, in this he was backed up by his son Demetrius, but most of the council insisted he execute Eumenes and so it was decided.

paragraph: As a result, Antigonus now was in possession of the empire's Asian territories, his authority stretching from the eastern satrapies to Syria and Asia Minor in the west. He seized the treasuries at Susa and entered Babylon. The governor of Babylon, Seleucus, fled to Ptolemy and entered into a league with him, Lysimachus and Cassander.

paragraph: Section::::The Third Diadochi War.

paragraph: In 314 BC, Antigonus received envoys from the allied dynasts Ptolemy, Cassander and Lysimachus who demanded he cede Cappadocia and Lycia to Cassander, Hellespontine Phrygia to Lysimachus, Phoenicia and Syria to Ptolemy, and Babylonia to Seleucus, and that he should share the treasure he had accumulated. His only answer was to advise the dynasts to be ready for war. Antigonus sent Aristodemus with a 1,000 talents to the Peloponnesus to raise an army there and also to make an alliance with his old enemy Polyperchon, he and Polyperhon were then to make war on Cassander, he sent an army under his nephew Polemaios through Cappadocia to the Hellespont to keep Cassander and Lysimachus from invading Asia Minor, he himself invaded Phoenicia which was under Ptolemy's control, and besieged Tyre. The siege of Tyre took a year, and after securing Phoenicia he marched his main army into Asia Minor intend on taking out Asander (satrap of Lydia and Caria, and ally to Ptolemy and Cassander), leaving the defence of Syria and Phoenicia to his oldest son Demetrius.

paragraph: In 312 BC, Antigonus captured Lydia and all of Caria, and drove off Asander, he then sent his nephews Telesphorus and Polemaios against Cassander in Greece. While Antigonus was engaged in the west, Ptolemy took advantage of the situation and invaded from the south. He met Demetrius's forces at the battle of Gaza where Ptolemy won a stunning victory. After the battle, Seleucus, who was fighting for Ptolemy, made his way back to Babylonia, and soon established control over his old satrapy and went on to secure the eastern provinces against Antigonys. Seleucus's conquest led to the Babylonian War, during which Seleucus defeated both Demetrius and Antigonus, and secured control over the eastern provinces. After the Babylonian War, which lasted from 315 BC to 311 BC, a peace was concluded between Antigonus and Seleucus leaving them both to consolidate their power in their respective realms (Antigonus in the West and Seleucus in the East).

paragraph: In the West, Antigonus had worn down his enemies and forced a peace upon them. By this peace he had attained the zenith of his power. Antigonus' empire and alliance system now comprised: Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, Phoenicia and northern Mesopotamia.

paragraph: Section::::The Fourth Diadochi War.

paragraph: The peace agreement was soon violated by Ptolemy and Cassander based on the pretext that garrisons had been placed in some of the free Greek cities by Antigonus. Ptolemy and Cassander renewed hostilities against Antigonus. Demetrius Poliorcetes, the son of Antigonus, wrested part of Greece from Cassander.

paragraph: In 306 BC, Philip, Antigonus’s youngest son, died a premature death, aged about 26–28. This was a severe blow to Antigonus, who not only lost a son, but also a general who might have been of the greatest value to him in the campaigns to come.

paragraph: After defeating Ptolemy at the naval Battle of Salamis in 306 BC, Demetrius conquered Cyprus. Following that victory Antigonus assumed the title of king and bestowed the same upon his son. This was effectively a declaration by Antigonus that he now was independent from the empire. The other dynasts, Cassander, Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Seleucus, soon followed Antigonus' lead and declared themselves to be kings.

paragraph: Antigonus now prepared a large army and a formidable fleet, the command of which he gave to Demetrius, and hastened to attack Ptolemy in his own dominions. His invasion of Egypt, however, proved a failure as he was unable to penetrate Ptolemy's defences and was obliged to retire, although he inflicted heavy losses on Ptolemy.

paragraph: In 305 BC, Demetrius attempted the reduction of Rhodes, which had refused to assist Antigonus against Egypt. The siege of Rhodes lasted a year and ended in 304 BC when Demetrius, meeting with obstinate resistance, was obliged to make a peace treaty upon the terms that the Rhodians would build ships for Antigonus and aid him against any enemy except for Ptolemy, on whom they bestowed the title Soter (savior) for his aid during the lengthy siege.

paragraph: The most powerful dynasts of the empire, now kings in their own right, Cassander, Seleucus, Ptolemy and Lysimachus, responded to Antigonus' successes by allying with each other, often through marriage. Antigonus soon found himself at war with all four, largely because his territory shared borders with each of them. At one point, Antigonus had Cassander in a difficult position, having gained the support of the Greeks and defeating Cassander repeatedly, Antigonus demanded from Cassander the unconditional submission of Macedonia. Seleucus, Lysimachus and Ptolemy responded by joining forces and attacking him. Lysimachus and Cassander's general Prepelaos invaded Asia Minor from Thrace, crossing the Hellespont. Lysimachus had soon secured most of the Ionian cities. Meanwhile, Seleucus was marching through Mesopotamia and Cappadocia. Antigonus was obliged to recall Demetrius from Greece, where his son had recently had an indecisive encounter with Cassander in Thessaly. Now Antigonus and Demetrius moved against Lysimachus and Prepelaos.

paragraph: However, the army of Antigonus and Demetrius was defeated by the united forces of Seleucus, Lysimachus and Prepelaos at the decisive Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC. Antigonus died in the battle after being struck by a javelin, in the eighty-first year of his life. Prior to Ipsus, he had never lost a battle. With his death, any plans for reuniting Alexander's empire came to an end. Antigonus' kingdom was divided up, with most of his territories ending up in the hands of the new kingdoms ruled by Lysimachus and Seleucus. The victors largely followed Antigonus' precedent and had themselves named as kings, but they did not claim power over the erstwhile empire of Alexander nor each other. Instead, these kings established a troubled (and in the end failed) "modus vivendi" with each other, and accepted their kingdoms as separate realms.

paragraph: Meanwhile, Antigonus' surviving son Demetrius took control of Macedonia in 294 BC. Antigonus' descendants held this possession, off and on, until it was conquered by the Roman Republic after the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antigonus's father was a nobleman named Philip (Philippos)

paragraph: BULLET::::- His mother's name is unknown (after his father's death she married Periandros of Pella)

paragraph: BULLET::::- He had an older brother named Demetrius (Demetrios)

paragraph: BULLET::::- He also had a younger brother named Ptolemy (Polemaios)

paragraph: BULLET::::- There might have been another younger brother (the father of his nephew Telesphoros)

paragraph: BULLET::::- From his mother's second marriage he had a half-brother named Marsyas

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antigonus was married to Stratonike (his older brother's widow)

paragraph: BULLET::::- He had an older son named Demetrius (the famous Demetrios I Poliorketes)

paragraph: BULLET::::- And a younger son named Philip (Philippos)

paragraph: Section::::Physical appearance.

paragraph: Antigonus was an exceptionally large man. His son Demetrius is described as being of “heroic stature”, meaning no doubt he was a large man, but Antigonus was taller. This huge man was made even more formidable in appearance because he missed an eye, having lost it in battle (possibly at the Siege of Perinthos).

paragraph: Section::::Monophthalmus in historical fiction.

paragraph: Mary Renault, in "Funeral Games", translates the sobriquet into English: "One Eye".

paragraph: In the 2004 Oliver Stone film "Alexander," Antigonus is played by Ian Beattie.

paragraph: Antigonus appears (under the Greek form of his name, Antigonos) in L. Sprague de Camp's historical novel," The Bronze God of Rhodes".

paragraph: Antigonus figures as the main antagonist in Christian Cameron’s historical novel, "A Force of Kings".

paragraph: Antigonus also figures in the earlier chapters of Alfred Duggan's historical novel "Elephants and Castles" though this is mainly about his son Demetrius.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The contemporary Babylonian Chronicles, especially the Chronicle of the Diadochi (= ABC 10 = BCHP 3).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Diodorus Siculus xviii., xx. 46-86

paragraph: BULLET::::- Justin xv. 1-4

paragraph: BULLET::::- Köhler, "Das Reich des Antigonos," in the "Sitzungsberichte d. Berl. Akad.", 1898, p. 835 f.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Nepos, "Eumenes"

paragraph: BULLET::::- Plutarch, "Demetrius, Eumenes"

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- A genealogical tree of Antigonus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Antigonus I Monophthalmus entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

description: Nobleman, general, satrap and king

wikidata_label: Antigonus I Monophthalmus

wikipedia_title: Antigonus I Monophthalmus


text: Latin

text: Burgundy

text: Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve

text: Oxford Companion to English Literature

text: chronicle

text: Renescure

text: county of Flanders

text: seigneur

text: bailiff

text: Battle of Agincourt

text: Lys

text: Cassel

text: Lille

text: Philip the Good

text: Battle of Montlhéry

text: Battle of Brusthem

text: Charles the Bold

text: Louis XI of France

text: Péronne

text: Calais

text: Henry Tudor

text: Warwick the Kingmaker

text: Edward IV of England

text: Charolais

text: Isaac D'Israeli

text: Normandy

text: Angers

text: Philip I of Croÿ-Chimay

text: Poitevin

text: dame

text: Louis d'Amboise

text: Viscount of Thouars

text: Charles de Valois

text: confiscated

text: Poitou

text: Brittany

text: René de Brosse

text: comte de Penthièvre

text: Jean, duc de Chevreuse

text: Gouffier

text: ducs de Roannais

text: Louis XV

text: Anne, duchesse d'Étampes

text: maîtresse-en-titre

text: Francis I of France

text: Burgundy

text: Jean Dufournet

text: Lorenzo de Medici

text: Orleanist rebellion

text: Dreux

text: Charles VIII of France

text: Louis XI of France

text: Charles VIII of France

text: Froissart

text: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Biography of Philippe de Commines

text: New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia

categories: People from Nord (French department),Medieval French diplomats,1510s deaths,15th-century French writers,Belgian historians,French memoirists,16th-century diplomats,1447 births,Belgian politicians,French male writers,15th-century diplomats,Flemish writers (before 1830)

paragraph: Philippe de Commines

paragraph: Philippe de Commines (or de Commynes or "Philippe de Comines"; Latin: "Philippus Cominaeus"; 1447 – 18 October 1511) was a writer and diplomat in the courts of Burgundy and France. He has been called "the first truly modern writer" (Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve) and "the first critical and philosophical historian since classical times" ("Oxford Companion to English Literature"). Neither a chronicler nor a historian in the usual sense of the word, his analyses of the contemporary political scene are what made him virtually unique in his own time.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Early life.

paragraph: Commines was born at Renescure (in what was then the county of Flanders), to an outwardly wealthy family. His parents were Colard van den Clyte (or "de La Clyte") and Marguerite d'Armuyden. In addition to being "seigneur" of Renescure, Watten and Saint-Venant, Clyte became bailiff of Flanders for the Duke of Burgundy in 1436, and had been taken prisoner at the Battle of Agincourt. Philippe took his surname from a "seigneurie" on the Lys which had belonged to the family of his paternal grandmother, Jeanne de Waziers. His paternal grandfather, also named Colard van den Clyte (d. 1404), had been governor first of Cassel and then of Lille. However, the death of Commines' father in 1453 left him the orphaned owner of an estate saddled with enormous debts. In his teens he was taken into the care of Philip the Good (1419–1467), Duke of Burgundy, who was his godfather. He fought at the Battle of Montlhéry in 1465 and the Battle of Brusthem in 1467 but in general seems to have kept a low profile.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Burgundy.

paragraph: In 1468, he became a knight in the household of Charles the Bold, Philip's son who succeeded to the dukedom in 1467, and thereafter he moved in the most exalted circles, being party to many important decisions and present at history-making events. A key event in Commines's life seems to have been the meeting between Charles and Louis XI of France at Péronne in October 1468. Although Commines's own account skates over the details, it is apparent from other contemporary sources that Louis believed Commines had saved his life. This may explain Louis's later enthusiasm in wooing him away from the Burgundians.

paragraph: In 1470 Commines was sent on an embassy to Calais, then an English possession. It is unlikely that he ever visited England itself, what he knew of its politics and personalities coming mostly from meetings with exiles, both Yorkist and Lancastrian; these included Henry Tudor and Warwick the Kingmaker. He also met King Edward IV of England during the latter's continental exile and later wrote a description of his appearance and character.

paragraph: Commines was a great favorite with Duke Charles for seven years (going back to when he had still been Count of Charolais). The 19th-century scholar Isaac D'Israeli, recounts that one day, when they came home from hunting and were joking around as was their wont within the "family", Commines "ordered" the prince to remove Commines's boots as if he were a servant; laughing, the prince did so but then tossed the boot at Commines, and it bloodied his nose. Everyone in the Burgundian court started calling Commines "booted head". D'Israeli, in his 1824 "Curiosities of Literature", suggests that Commines's hatred for the duke of Burgundy poisoned everything he wrote about him, but comments:

paragraph: "When we are versed in the history of the times, we often discover that memoir-writers have some secret poison in their hearts. Many, like Comines, have had the boot dashed on their nose. Personal rancour wonderfully enlivens the style... Memoirs are often dictated by its fiercest spirit; and then histories are composed from memoirs. Where is TRUTH? Not always in histories and memoirs!"

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Service of Louis XI.

paragraph: D'Israeli says Commines so resented his nickname that it was the reason he suddenly left Burgundy and went into the service of the French king, but the financial incentives offered by Louis provide a more than adequate explanation: Commines was still heavily burdened with his father's debts. He fled by night from Normandy on 7 August 1472, and joined Louis near Angers. On the following morning, when Duke Charles discovered his servant and god-brother missing, he confiscated all of Commines' property. These were later given to Philip I of Croÿ-Chimay.

paragraph: Louis was generous in making up for those losses. On 27 January 1473 the king wed him to a Poitevin heiress, Hélène de Chambes (d.1532), "dame" of the "seigneuries" of Argenton, Varennes, and Maison-Rouge. When Hélène's sister, Colette de Chambes, was believed to have been poisoned by her aged husband Louis d'Amboise, Viscount of Thouars, in a fit of jealousy over her affair with Charles de Valois, Louis XI's brother, the king had confiscated most of his properties. Some of these he later gave to Commines for life, including the Princedom of Talmond in Poitou, and the "seigneuries" of Berrie, Sables, and Olonne. Despite later reverses in the family's fortunes, on 13 August 1504 their only child, Jeanne de Commines (d.1513), made a splendid marriage to the heir of Brittany's most powerful family, René de Brosse comte de Penthièvre (d.1524). Through her descendants, Commines would become the ancestor of Jean, duc de Chevreuse, of the Gouffier "ducs de Roannais", and of Louis XV, while Jeanne herself became the mother-in-law of Anne, duchesse d'Étampes, "maîtresse-en-titre" to King Francis I of France.

paragraph: As a long-time enemy of Burgundy, Louis no doubt valued the inside information Commines was able to provide, and Commines quickly became one of the king's most trusted advisers. Jean Dufournet's 1966 study of Commines has shown that the next five years, up to 1477, were the most prosperous from Commines's point of view, and the only ones when he truly had Louis's confidence. After Charles the Bold's death in 1477, the two men openly disagreed about how best to take political advantage of the situation. Commines himself admitted associating with some of the king's most prominent opponents and referred to another incident, in May 1478, when Louis reprimanded him for allegedly being open to bribery. Thereafter, much of his diplomatic work was done in the Italian arena, and he came into contact with Lorenzo de Medici on several occasions.

paragraph: When Louis began to suffer ill-health, Commines was apparently welcomed back into the fold and performed personal services for the king. Many of his activities during the period seem to have involved a degree of secrecy; he was effectively acting as a kind of undercover agent. However, he never regained the level of intimacy with the king that he had previously enjoyed, and Louis's death in 1483, when Commines was still only in his thirties, left him without many friends at court. Nevertheless, he retained a place on the royal council until 1485. Then, having been implicated in the Orleanist rebellion, he was taken prisoner and kept in confinement for over two years, from January 1487 until March 1489. For some of that period, he was kept in an iron cage.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Mémoires.

paragraph: After his release, Commines was exiled to his estate at Dreux, where he began to write his "Mémoires". (This title was not used until an edition of 1552.) By 1490, however, he was recovering his position at court and was in the service of King Charles VIII of France. Charles never allowed him the privileged position he had held under Louis, and he was once again used as an envoy to the Italian states. However, his personal affairs were still problematic, and his right to some of the possessions given him by Louis was subject to legal challenges.

paragraph: In 1498 (fifteen years after the death of Louis XI of France), Commines's work was completed (first published in 1524 in Paris), and is considered a historical record of immense importance, largely because of its author's cynical and forthright attitude to the events and machinations he had witnessed. His writings reveal many of the less savory aspects of the reign of Louis XI, and Commines related them without apology, insisting that the late king's virtues outweighed his vices. He is regarded as a major primary source for 15th century European history.

paragraph: The "Mémoires" are divided into "books", the first six of which were written between 1488 and 1494, and relate the course of events from the beginning of Commines' career (1464) up to the death of King Louis. The remaining two books were written between 1497 and 1501 (printed in 1528), and deal with the Italian wars, ending in the death of King Charles VIII of France.

paragraph: Commines' scepticism is summed up in his own words: "Car ceux qui gagnent en ont toujours l'honneur" ("For the honours always go to the winners"). Some have disputed whether his candid phrases disguise a deeper dishonesty. Yet at no time does he attempt to present himself as a hero, even when recounting his military career. His attitude to politics is one of pragmatism, and his ideas are practical and progressive. His reflections on the events he has witnessed are profound by comparison with those of Froissart, who lived a century earlier. His psychological insights into the behaviour of kings are ahead of their time, reminiscent in some ways of the contemporaneous writings of Niccolò Machiavelli. Like Machiavelli, Commines aims to instruct the reader in statecraft, though from a slightly different viewpoint. In particular, he notes how Louis repeatedly got the better of the English, not by military might, but by political machination.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippe de Commynes: The Reign of Louis XI 1461-83, translated with an introduction by Michael Jones

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippe de Commynes, "Mémoires", ed. J. Blanchard, Geneve, Droz, 2007, 2 vol.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippe de Commynes, "Lettres", ed. J. Blanchard, Geneve, Droz, 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joël Blanchard, "Philippe de Commynes", Paris, Fayard, 2006

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cristian Bratu, « Je, auteur de ce livre »: L’affirmation de soi chez les historiens, de l’Antiquité à la fin du Moyen Âge. Later Medieval Europe Series (vol. 20). Leiden: Brill, 2019 ().

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cristian Bratu, “"Je, aucteur de ce livre": Authorial Persona and Authority in French Medieval Histories and Chronicles.” In "Authorities in the Middle Ages. Influence, Legitimacy and Power in Medieval Society". Sini Kangas, Mia Korpiola, and Tuija Ainonen, eds. (Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, 2013): 183-204.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cristian Bratu, “"Clerc, Chevalier, Aucteur": The Authorial Personae of French Medieval Historians from the 12th to the 15th centuries.” In "Authority and Gender in Medieval and Renaissance Chronicles". Juliana Dresvina and Nicholas Sparks, eds. (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012): 231-259.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cristian Bratu, “De la grande Histoire à l’histoire personnelle: l’émergence de l’écriture autobiographique chez les historiens français du Moyen Age (XIIIe-XVe siècles).” "Mediävistik" 25 (2012): 85-117.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Biography of Philippe de Commines at the New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bibliography of Philippe de Commines's works, in French

description: writer and diplomat

enwikiquote_title: Philippe de Commines

wikidata_label: Philippe de Commines

wikipedia_title: Philippe de Commines


text:
Italian
Roman Catholic
Milan
Bishop of Ventimiglia
Bishop of Montefeltro

categories: People from Milan,Italian cardinals,1523 births,1565 deaths,Bishops of Montefeltro

paragraph: Carlo Visconti (cardinal)

paragraph: Carlo Visconti (1523 – November 12, 1565) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.

paragraph: Born in Milan, he was appointed Bishop of Ventimiglia on December 5, 1561 at the age of 38. On March 12, 1565 he was promoted to cardinal and was installed as Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia on May 15. Just two months later, on July 6, 1565 he was appointed Bishop of Montefeltro. This term was short-lived as he died on November 12 of the same year, aged just 42.

description: Catholic cardinal

wikidata_label: Carlo Visconti

wikipedia_title: Carlo Visconti (cardinal)


text:
Ypres
Sint-Joost-ten-Node
Belgian
Spain
Italy
genre
Andalusía
Alhambra
Granada
Academy of Fine Arts
Brussels
Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp
Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
Victoria and Albert Museum
Gallery of paintings

categories: 1889 deaths,1798 births,Drawers (artists),People from Ypres

paragraph: François-Antoine Bossuet

paragraph: François-Antoine Bossuet (22 August 1798 Ypres – 30 September 1889 Sint-Joost-ten-Node) was a painter and draughtsman of the Belgian school.

paragraph: Bossuet is known for his depictions of the landscapes, cities and monuments of Spain and Italy, with an emphasis on historic places, occasionally with genre scenes of everyday life. He is noted for the excellence of perspective in his paintings, on which he wrote a dissertation in 1843. His fascination with Spain and Italy stemmed from what had become something of a tradition for romantic European painters. Accordingly he visited Andalusía and saw its important buildings like the Alhambra of Granada.

paragraph: He was professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels, from 1855 until 1876. His works may be seen in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp, the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gallery of paintings @ MyStudios

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. & V. Berko, "Dictionary of Belgian painters born between 1750 & 1875", Knokke 1981, p. 58-60.

paragraph: BULLET::::- P. & V. Berko, "19th Century European Virtuoso Painters", Knokke 2011, p. 494, illustrations p. 212, 236, 237, 238, 470.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thieme-Becker, "Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart", vol. 4, Leipzig, 1910, p. 408.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Le Cabinet des Estampes. "Trente années d'acquisitions". 1930-1960, catalogue d'exposition, Bruxelles, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, 1961, p. 67.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Benezit E., "Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs", Paris, Librairie Gründ, 1976, tome II, p. 198-199.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ogonovsky Judith, Bossuet François, dans Le "Dictionnaire des Peintres belges du XIVe siècle à nos jours depuis les premiers maîtres des anciens Pays-bas méridionaux et de la Principauté de Liège jusqu'aux artistes contemporains", Bruxelles, La Renaissance du Livre, 1995, p. 109.

alias:
François-Antoine Bossuet
Francois Antoine Bossuet
François Antoine Bossuet
francois antoine bossuet
F. Bossuet
francois bossuet
Bossuet
francois ant. bossuet

description: Belgian artist

wikidata_label: François Bossuet

wikipedia_title: François-Antoine Bossuet


text:
Cath Kidston Limited
home furnishing
Glen Kidston
Bentley
Samantha Cameron
Christie's
Charles Henry Allsopp
6th Baron Hindlip
Kirstie Allsopp
Sofie Allsopp
Andover
Hampshire
socialite
Nicky Haslam
interiors
Holland Park
Piccadilly
Fortnum & Mason
BBC Radio 4
Desert Island Discs
Marmite reaction
TA Associates
Prince George of Cambridge
Milletts
tent
Nokia
Carphone Warehouse
Roberts
Tesco
plastic bottle
Marie Curie Cancer Care
record producer
Hugh Padgham
decorator
Thames
Gloucestershire
Sealyham terrier
Lakeland terrier
dyslexic
breast cancer
Babycham

categories: English fashion designers,People diagnosed with dyslexia,Members of the Order of the British Empire,English interior designers,1958 births,Breast cancer survivors,People from Test Valley,People from Marylebone,Living people

paragraph: Cath Kidston

paragraph: Catherine Isabel Audrey Kidston (born 6 November 1958) is an English fashion designer, businesswoman and author whose company, Cath Kidston Limited sells home furnishings and related goods through shops, online and by mail order. She is particularly known for her nostalgic floral patterns and has also published a number of books.

paragraph: Section::::Family background and early life.

paragraph: Kidston's grandfather Glen Kidston was a successful racing driver for Bentley in the 1920s, who was married to Nancie, Samantha Cameron's paternal grandmother.

paragraph: Kidston's uncle is the former chairman of Christie's, Charles Henry Allsopp, 6th Baron Hindlip and his daughters, television presenters, Kirstie Allsopp and Sofie Allsopp are her cousins.

paragraph: Raised with three other siblings near Andover in Hampshire, Kidston was educated at a number of English boarding schools, before moving to London aged 18. She was employed by socialite Nicky Haslam before setting up an interiors business with a friend, then opening her own shop.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Kidston opened her first shop in London's Holland Park in 1993, selling hand-embroidered tea-towels and brightly renovated furniture. She later described it as a "glorified junk shop". By the end of 2013, she had 136 outlets, including a flagship store on Piccadilly next to Fortnum & Mason and four stores in China. Appearing on BBC Radio 4's "Desert Island Discs" programme, Kidston described her shops as provoking a 'Marmite reaction': "People either love it and want a little bit of it very much, or want to stab us." In 2010, she sold a majority stake of the company to private equity investors TA Associates, retaining a minority stake and remaining the company's Creative Director.

paragraph: Prince George of Cambridge wore one of her outfits, which quickly sold out.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Collaborations.

paragraph: Kidston has worked with Milletts to design tents (2005–6), Nokia/ Carphone Warehouse mobile phones (2006), and Roberts radios (2005 onwards). In 2008, she collaborated with Tesco to produce shopping bags made from plastic bottles, which were sold to raise almost £500,000 for Marie Curie Cancer Care and saved about six million plastic bottles from landfill.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Kidston's partner is record producer Hugh Padgham, whom she met as his decorator. They have homes beside the Thames in West London, and in Gloucestershire. She has a step-daughter. Kidston has two pets, a Sealyham terrier named Billie and a Lakeland terrier named Stanley, who feature in her designs. Kidston is dyslexic. Both her parents died of cancer, and she was diagnosed with breast cancer, aged 37.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: Babycham - trademark dispute of 2013.

alias:
Catherine Isabel Audrey Kidston
Catherine Isabel Audrey "Cath" Kidston
Catherine Kidston

wikidata_label: Cath Kidston

wikipedia_title: Cath Kidston


text:
podestà
Milan
Piazza dei Mercanti
Piazza del Duomo
Palazzo della Ragione
broletto
Middle Ages
Cathar
Lodi
Dresano
Melegnano
inquisitor
Pietro da Verona
believers of the Church of Concorezzo
Cathar
bishop
Concorezzo
Monza
feudatory
Filippo Confalonieri
Romanesque
relief
Palazzo della Ragione
Latin

paragraph: Oldrado da Tresseno

paragraph: Oldrado da Tresseno (d. 1233) was an Italian politician, podestà (mayor) of Milan in the 13th century. He is responsible for restructuring Piazza dei Mercanti (former city center of Milan in the Middle Ages, located next to what is now Piazza del Duomo) and ordering the construction of Palazzo della Ragione, a prominent historic building of Milan, which served as a broletto (government seat) in the Middle Ages. He is also remembered as a fierce prosecutor of the Cathar heretics.

paragraph: Details of Oldrado's life are largely missing. Although he is referred to in medieval texts as "a citizen of Lodi", it is disputed whether he was born there or in Dresano (a small town near Melegnano). He was a close friend to inquisitor Pietro da Verona and actively cooperated with the Inquisition in prosecuting heretics, especially the believers of the Church of Concorezzo, a very active Cathar group that was supported by the bishop of Concorezzo (a town North-East of Milan, near Monza) and by local feudatory Filippo Confalonieri.

paragraph: A Romanesque relief representing Oldrado is found on one of the columns of Palazzo della Ragione in Milan; it bears a Latin inscription that reads:

description: Italian politician

wikidata_label: Oldrado da Tresseno

wikipedia_title: Oldrado da Tresseno


text:
baseball
pitcher
Major League Baseball
Houston Astros
sinker
curveball
slider
changeup
Anchorage, Alaska
Greeley, Colorado
Arizona State
Colorado Rockies
Aaron Cook
Jason Marquis
Ubaldo Jiménez
ERA
closer
saves
Ramón Ramírez
Eduardo Sierra
New York
New York media
Tim Redding
Darrell May
Sean Henn
inning
earned run
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
2005 American League Division Series
Texas Rangers
disabled list
Cleveland Indians
Kris Wilson
Craig Wilson
Pirates
Houston Astros
General Manager
Ed Wade
Newark Bears
Atlantic League
Oakland Athletics
Sacramento
Greeley, Colorado
Las Vegas
Nevada
felony
Caesars Palace
Baseball Almanac Page

categories: Sportspeople from Denver,Houston Astros players,Salem Avalanche players,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Trenton Thunder players,Colorado Rockies players,Sportspeople from Anchorage, Alaska,Carolina Mudcats players,Arizona League Rockies players,Colorado Springs Sky Sox players,New York Yankees players,Portland Rockies players,1977 births,American adoptees,African-American baseball players,Asheville Tourists players,People from Greeley, Colorado,Major League Baseball pitchers,Living people,Baseball players from Alaska,Newark Bears players

paragraph: Shawn Chacón

paragraph: Shawn Anthony Chacón (born December 23, 1977) is an American retired professional baseball pitcher. He last played in Major League Baseball with the Houston Astros in 2008. During his career, he threw an 88–92 mph sinker, a big curveball, a slider, and a changeup.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Chacón was born in Anchorage, Alaska, but has only dim recollection of his biological mother and none of his father (he believes his biological father was African-American and his mother Latina). His mother placed him in a Greeley, Colorado, foster home when he was aged four, and he was adopted by Tony and Blanca Chacón. Chacón was recruited by Arizona State, but chose to play professionally after he was drafted by the Colorado Rockies in the third round of the amateur draft. He signed on June 18, 1996.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Colorado Rockies.

paragraph: Chacón made his MLB debut in as a member of the Rockies. In his first start, Chacon allowed seven runs in 5 1/3 innings while striking out eight en route to a 14-7 win. By the end of the 2001 season, Chacón made 27 starts and recorded a record of 6-10 for the Rockies.

paragraph: In 2002, Chacón battled inconsistency and injuries throughout the season. He pitched in 13 starts in the first half, going 3-6 while having a stint on the DL. Once he returned, his season took a turn for the worse. In the second half he amassed an ERA of 7.00 in eight starts and was demoted to AAA. Chacón never was recalled back to the majors and finished the season with a record of 5-11 while walking 60 batters in 119 innings.

paragraph: Chacón was Colorado's All-Star representative, having won 11 games before the All Star break; the only other Rockies pitchers to have done so through 2015 are Aaron Cook (2008), Jason Marquis (2009), and Ubaldo Jiménez (2010). He never got to pitch in the All-Star game due to a nagging elbow injury. He returned after the All-Star break and was winless in six starts, going 0-4. Chacon was then shut down for the rest of the season. He wound up finishing 11–8 with a 4.60 ERA.

paragraph: The next year, due to a necessity at the closer role, he was converted into the Rockies closer for the 2004 season. Chacón put up one of the most bizarre stat lines in baseball history for a closer. Chacón was ninth in the National League with 35 saves but was also tied with a league leading nine blown saves. His record was 1–9 and his ERA 7.11. His home/road splits were even odder, as he was 1-5 at home with a 6.81 ERA and 20 saves. He allowed more hits than innings pitched, and while on the road his ERA was even worse, standing at 7.56 and notching only 15 saves. In 2005, Chacón was 1-7 with a career low 4.09 through 13 games before being traded mid season to the Yankees, ending his five-year tenure with the Rockies. A few months prior to the trade, Chacon told a sports reporter that nobody wanted to pitch at high altitude Coors Field because the ball would not curve in the light air. After Chacon went to the Yankees, Rockies manager Hurdle said that a player unhappy with the Rockies would leave quickly. He finished 24-45 in 150 games with 35 saves for the Rockies.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Yankees.

paragraph: He was acquired by the Yankees in July 2005 for minor league pitchers Ramón Ramírez and Eduardo Sierra. Many New York fans and members of the tough New York media criticized the trade, calling it a bandage and not a solution, much like how the Yankees saw starts from Tim Redding, Darrell May and Sean Henn in 2005. Chacón was excited to be coming to New York, and he did not waver under the initial pressure and criticism. In his first start as a Yankee, he pitched six innings without allowing an earned run against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He finished 7–3 with a 2.85 ERA for the Yankees. Chacón made his postseason debut in Game 4 of the 2005 American League Division Series against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He pitched 6⅓ innings and allowed just 2 runs in a Yankee win.

paragraph: Before the season, sportswriters thought that Chacón would be a big key to the Yankee rotation. Chacón, however, got off to a slow start, but started pitching well in late April. On May 16, the Texas Rangers scored 7 runs off Chacón. After the terrible start, Chacón went on the 15-day disabled list. Chacón came off the DL on June 11. After coming off the DL, Chacón could not pitch 5 innings, forcing the Yankees to use their tired bullpen. On July 6, Chacón was sent to the bullpen after giving up seven runs in 1⅓ innings against the Cleveland Indians on July 4. He was replaced in the rotation by Kris Wilson.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Pittsburgh Pirates.

paragraph: During the July 31, 2006, mid-season non-waiver trade deadline, Chacon was dealt for Craig Wilson. Chacón started for the Pirates, making nine starts and going 2–3 with a 5.48 ERA.

paragraph: In , Chacón was mainly used as a reliever by the Pirates, but also made four starts. He went 5–4 with a 3.94 ERA in 64 games for the Pirates in 2007. Chacón was granted free agency after the season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Houston Astros.

paragraph: On February 20, 2008, Chacón signed a one-year deal with the Houston Astros worth $2 million. On May 16, Chacón set a major league record by recording 9 consecutive no-decisions to begin a season.

paragraph: On June 25, 2008, the Astros announced that Chacón was suspended indefinitely for insubordination after a physical altercation with Astros General Manager Ed Wade. The incident began after Chacón repeatedly refused to leave the team dining room to speak with Wade in his office. Chacón claimed that Wade raised his voice and verbally attacked him, telling him to "look in the mirror", though Wade has denied raising his voice or verbally attacking Chacón. In a fit of rage Chacón grabbed the much smaller Wade by the neck and threw him to the ground. When Wade tried to get up Chacón repeatedly knocked him back down before other players could intervene to stop the assault. On whether he regretted the incident Chacón stated "If there's any regret, I just wish they had just let me alone". Wade was not injured by the assault. The next day, Chacón was placed on waivers by the Astros and after clearing waivers, his contract was terminated with cause, meaning that Chacón forfeited $983,607 in salary (this move was appealed by the MLB Players' Association, but the termination with cause was upheld by an arbitrator in August 2010). Chacón did not pitch again in 2008.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Newark Bears/Oakland Athletics.

paragraph: On May 1, 2009, Chacón signed a one-year deal with the Newark Bears of the Atlantic League and started seven games, pitching to a 4.29 ERA with a 3–3 record. His performance with the Bears earned him a minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics organization on June 18, 2009. Pitching for AAA Sacramento, went 8–4 in 14 appearances (12 starts) with an ERA of 6.29.

paragraph: Section::::Legal troubles.

paragraph: On October 5, 2009 Chacón was arrested at a bowling alley in Greeley, Colorado, on charges related to unpaid gambling markers in Las Vegas, Nevada. He faced a felony charge in connection with three bad checks written for $50,000 to Caesars Palace. He was released from jail on October 6, after Las Vegas authorities decided not to extradite him.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baseball Almanac Page

alias:
Shawn Anthony Chacon
Shawn Chacon

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Shawn Chacón

wikipedia_title: Shawn Chacón


text:
Odenton, Maryland
catcher
Washington Senators
Chicago Cubs
Brooklyn Dodgers
Pittsburgh Pirates
Hagerstown Hubs
Blue Ridge League
Baseball America

categories: 1992 deaths,National League All-Stars,Major League Baseball catchers,1908 births,Chicago Cubs players,Chattanooga Lookouts players,Youngstown Tubers players,Pittsburgh Pirates players,Brooklyn Dodgers players,People from Odenton, Maryland,Youngstown Buckeyes players,Hagerstown Hubs players,Baseball players from Maryland,Washington Senators (1901–60) players,Parkersburg Parkers players

paragraph: Babe Phelps

paragraph: Ernest Gordon Phelps (April 19, 1908 – December 10, 1992) born in Odenton, Maryland, United States was a catcher for the Washington Senators (1931), Chicago Cubs (1933–34), Brooklyn Dodgers (1935–41) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1942). His .367 batting average in 1936 remains the highest for any catcher in the modern era (1901–present).

paragraph: He began his professional career with the Hagerstown Hubs of the Blue Ridge League in 1930. He set several all-time seasonal marks for the Blue Ridge League that year: at bats (466), hits (175), extra base hits (62) and total bases (300). He appeared briefly (3 games) at the major league level for the Washington Senators in 1931, but he did not stay permanently until he began playing with the Chicago Cubs in 1933.

paragraph: He played 726 major league games in 11 seasons, batting .310 (657-for-2117) including 19 triples and 54 home runs, 345 RBI, a .362 on-base percentage, and a .472 slugging percentage. Phelps was named to the National League All-Star Team from 1938 to 1940, and helped the Dodgers win the 1941 National League pennant. He died in his hometown at the age of 84.

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Johnson, Lloyd and Wolff, Miles, editors: "Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball." Durham, North Carolina Publisher: Baseball America, 2007. Format: Hardback, 767 pp.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: Babe Phelps

wikipedia_title: Babe Phelps


text: Kingston

text: Jamaica

text: British-Jamaican

text: reggae

text: musician

text: producer

text: hit

text: song

text: Rudy, A Message to You

text: The Specials

text: Suzanne Beware of the Devil

text: UK Singles Chart

text: record

text: jammed

text: Planetone

text: record label

text: London

text: Tito "Sugar" Simon

text: album

text: production

text: duo

text: Audrey Hall

text: artists

text: Nicky Thomas

text: Tony Tribe

text: Red Red Wine

text: Rico Rodriguez

text: Rudy, A Message to You

text: The Specials

text: Trojan Records

text: Byron Lee

text: I'm into Something Good

text: Rudy A Message to You

text: Puppet on a String

text: Ain't That a Shame

text: Tears on My Pillow

text: Another Saturday Night

text: I'm Your Puppet

text: In the Summertime

text: What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For

categories: 1943 births,Jamaican male singers,Trojan Records artists,Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica,Jamaican reggae singers,Living people

paragraph: Dandy Livingstone

paragraph: Dandy Livingstone (born Robert Livingstone Thompson, 14 December 1943, Kingston, Jamaica) is a British-Jamaican reggae musician and producer, best known for his 1972 hit, "Suzanne Beware of the Devil", and for his song, "Rudy, A Message to You", which was later a hit for The Specials. "Suzanne Beware of the Devil", reached number 14 on the UK Singles Chart.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: At the age of 15, Livingstone moved to the United Kingdom. Livingstone's first record was released without his knowledge: A tenant in the building where he and a friend jammed recorded some of these sessions released some tracks on the Planetone record label. When London-based Carnival Records was seeking a Jamaican vocal duo, Livingstone filled the requirement by double-tracking his own voice, releasing records in this fashion under the name Sugar & Dandy. One of these singles, "What a Life", sold 25,000 copies, providing Livingstone with his first hit. When called on to perform live, Roy Smith was recruited to make up the duo, although he would be replaced by Tito "Sugar" Simon.

paragraph: In 1967, Livingstone signed with Ska Beat Records, for whom he recorded his debut album 1967's "Rocksteady with Dandy".

paragraph: In 1968, Livingstone moved into production, and formed a duo with Audrey Hall (as Dandy & Audrey). His production of other artists included The Marvels' debut album and hit singles by Nicky Thomas ("Suzanne Beware of The Devil") and Tony Tribe ("Red Red Wine").

paragraph: In the late 1960s, Livingstone worked with the trombonist Rico Rodriguez, who was featured on "Rudy, A Message to You". Rodriguez later played with The Specials, whose 1979 cover version of the song made it famous. Livingstone produced several singles for Rodriguez under the name Rico & the Rudies.

paragraph: Livingstone signed to Trojan Records in 1968, releasing two albums, "Follow That Donkey" and "Dandy Returns". A Trojan subsidiary, Down Town Records, was set up to release Livingstone's output, both as a singer and producer, and the J-Dan subsidiary served the same purpose in the early 1970s. Livingstone returned to Jamaica, living there until 1973.

paragraph: Livingstone resurfaced in 1973 with the single "Black Star" on Mooncrest Records and the album "Conscious". On his return to the UK, he recorded a self-titled album at Byron Lee's studio.

paragraph: It was announced on 11 September 2011 that Livingstone would be performing for the first time in over 40 years at the 2012 London International Ska Festival on 3–6 May. Though it was announced on stage that he had been present at the sound check, he did not perform.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Singles.

paragraph: Credited to "Dandy" except where stated.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Man Went to Mow" (1964, Carnival) (as "Sugar and Dandy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What a Life" (1964, Carnival) (as "Sugar and Dandy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Oh Dear" (1964, Carnival) (as "Sugar and Dandy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm Not Crying Now" (1964, Carnival) (as "Sugar and Dandy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rudie Don't Go" (1964, Dice)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You Got to Pray" (1964, Dice) (as "Dandy & Barbara")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Operation" (1964, Dice)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let's Ska" (1965, Carnival) (as "Sugar and Dandy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm into Something Good" / "Crazy For You", Carnival, 1965. (as "Sugar and Dandy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Think of the Good Times" / "Girl Come See", Carnival, 1965. (as "Sugar and Dandy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Want to Be Your Lover" / "I Don't Know What", Carnival, 1965. (as "Sugar and Dandy")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Without Love" (1965, Blue Beat) (as "The Rub A Dubs")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "To Love You" (1965, Blue Beat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hey Boy, Hey Girl" (1965, Blue Beat) (as "Dandy & Del")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Baby" (1965, Blue Beat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Found Love" (1966, Blue Beat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My Time Now" / "East Of Suez", Giant, 1967. (as "Dandy & His Group")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You're No Hustler" (1967, Ska Beat)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rudy A Message to You" / "Till Death Do Us Part" (1967, Ska Beat) (B-side as "Dandy & His Group")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Fight" (1967, Ska Beat) (as "Dandy & His Group")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "One Scotch, One Bourbon, One Beer" (1967, Ska Beat) (as "Dandy & His Group")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Puppet on a String" (1967, Giant) (as "Dandy & His Group")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "We Are Still Rude" (1967, Giant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Somewhere My Love" (1967, Giant) (as "Dandy & His Group")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "There Is a Mountain" (1967, Giant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Charlie Brown" (1968, Giant) (as "Dandy & His Group")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Ain't That a Shame" (1968, Giant) (as "Dandy & The Superboys")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Propagandist" (1968, Giant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Sweet Ride" (1968, Giant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tears on My Pillow" (1968, Giant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "You're Hurtin' Me" (1968, Giant) (as "Dandy & The Superboys")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm Back with a Bang Bang" (1968, Giant) (as "Dandy & The Superboys")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Message to You Girl" (1968, Giant) (as "Dandy & The Superboys")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "That's How Strong My Love Is" (1968, Jolly) (as "Bobby Thompson")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Donkey Returns" (1968, Trojan) (as "Dandy & Brother Dan All Stars")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Read Up" (1968, Trojan) (as "Dandy & Brother Dan All Stars")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Another Saturday Night" (1968, Trojan) (as "Dandy & Brother Dan All Stars")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Toast" (1968, Trojan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Move Your Mule" (1968, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come Back Girl" (1968, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Tell Me Darling" (1968, Down Town) (as "Brother Dan")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Copy Your Rhythm" (1968, Down Town) (as "Dandy & Brother Dan All Stars")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doctor Sure Shot" (1969, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Reggae in Your Jeggae" (1969, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Moma Moma" (1969, Down Town) (as "Dandy & The Israelites")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rock Steady Gone" (1969, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I'm Your Puppet" (1969, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Everybody Feel Good" (1969, Down Town) (as "Dandy & The Downtown All Stars")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "People Get Ready (Do Rocksteady)" (1969, Down Town) (as "The Rudies")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Seven Books" (1969, Down Town) (as "Dandy & The Israelites")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Be Natural Be Proud" (1969, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come on Home" (1969, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Everybody Loves a Winner" (1969, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music Doctor Chapter I/II" (1969, Down Town) (as "Dandy & The Musical Doctors")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Raining in My Heart" (1970, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Build Your Love on a Solid Foundation" (1970, Down Town)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Version Girl" (1970, Down Town) (as "Boy Friday")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Music So Good" (1970, Down Town) (as "Boy Friday & the Groovers")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rudy, A Message to You" (1970, Down Town) (as "Boy Friday")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Bush Doctor" (1970, J-Dan) (as "Dandy & The Music Doctors")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Can't Help from Crying" (1970, J-Dan) (as "Dandy & The Israelites")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Wild Bunch" (1970, J-Dan, 1970. (as "Dandy & The Music Doctors")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "In the Summertime" (1970, J-Dan) (as "Dandy & The Music Doctors")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Take a Letter, Maria" (1970, Trojan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Same Old Fashioned Way" (1971, Trojan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Don't Want No War" (1971, J-Dan) (as "Boy Friday")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Situation Version" (1971, J-Dan) (as "Our Band")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "There'll Always Be Sunshine" (1971, Down Town) (as "Boy Friday")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hot Pant Girl" (1971, Down Town) (as "Boy Friday")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Salt of the Earth" (1971, Trojan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Pliers" (1971, Down Town) (as "Dandy & The Musical Doctors")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "El Raunchy" (1971, Down Town) (as "Boy Friday")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Daddy's Home" (1971, Down Town) (as "Boy Friday")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Give Me Some More" (1972, Down Town) (as "Dandy & The Studio Sound")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Suzanne Beware of the Devil" (1972, Horse) (as "Dandy Livingstone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For" (1972, Trojan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Big City" (1973, Horse) (as "Dandy Livingstone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Come Back Liza" (1973, Horse) (as "Dandy Livingstone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Black Star" (1973, Mooncrest) (as "Dandy Livingstone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Caribbean Rock" (1974, Horse) (as "Dandy Livingstone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let's Tango" (1976, Charisma) (as "R.D. Livingstone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The South African Experience" (1978, Night Owl) (as "R.D. Livingstone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Righteous Man" (1980, Minit Music) (as "R.D. Livingstone")

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Living in S.U.S." (1980, Ric) (as "R.D. Livingstone")

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:Albums.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rocksteady with Dandy" (1967, Giant)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Follow That Donkey" (1968, Trojan)(Brother Dan All Stars)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dandy Returns" (1968, Trojan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let's Catch the Beat" (1969, Trojan)(Brother Dan All Stars)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Your Musical Doctor" (1969, Downtown/Trojan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "I Need You" (1969, Ska Beat) (Dandy & Audrey)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Morning Side of the Mountain" (1970) (Dandy & Audrey)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dandy Livingstone" (1972, Trojan)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Conscious" (1973, Mooncrest)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Home From Home" (1976, Charisma)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The South African Experience" (1978, Night Owl)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Doo Wop Style" (?,?)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Suzanne Beware of The Devil: The Best of Dandy Livingstone" (2002, Trojan) (compilation)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Let's Catch The Beat: The Music that Launched The Legend" (2003) Trojan (compilation) - Dandy and the Brother Dan All Stars

description: Jamaican musician

wikidata_label: Dandy Livingstone

wikipedia_title: Dandy Livingstone


text: Bauhaus

text: Pond Farm

text: Robert Arneson

text: Écully

text: Lyon

text: typographer

text: Henri Friedlaender

text: World War I

text: Berlin University of the Arts

text: Rudolstadt

text: World War I

text: Weimar

text: Walter Gropius

text: Bauhaus

text: Paul Klee

text: Wassily Kandinsky

text: Gerhard Marcks

text: Max Krehan

text: Frans Wildenhain

text: Nazis

text: Jewish

text: Putten, Netherlands

text: Pond Farm

text: Trude Guermonprez

text: Jean Varda

text: Claire Falkenstein

text: Rochester Institute of Technology

text: California State Parks

text: Charles Crodel

text: Dean Schwarz

text: Marguerite Wildenhain and the Bauhaus

text: Pond Farm Collection, Luther College

text: The Legacy of Marguerite Wildenhain

text: “Werk”. The Dignity of Craft

text: American Museum of Ceramic Art

categories: Bauhaus alumni,French emigrants to Germany,Jewish American artists,1896 births,American potters,French Jews,German Jews,20th-century women artists,20th-century ceramists,American people of French-Jewish descent,1985 deaths,American people of German-Jewish descent,German potters,French potters,German emigrants to the United States,Women potters

paragraph: Marguerite Wildenhain

paragraph: Marguerite Wildenhain (October 11, 1896 – February 24, 1985), born Marguerite Friedlaender (alternative spelling "Friedländer"), was an American Bauhaus-trained ceramic artist, educator and author. After immigrating to the United States in 1940, she taught at Pond Farm and wrote three influential books—"Pottery: Form and Expression" (1959), "The Invisible Core: A Potter's Life and Thoughts" (1973), and "…that We Look and See: An Admirer Looks at the Indians" (1979). Artist Robert Arneson described her as "the grande dame of potters,".

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Wildenhain was born in Écully near Lyon, France, to a British mother, Rose Calmann and a German father, Théodore Friedlaender, who was a silk merchant. Her brother was the Israeli typographer Henri Friedlaender. She received a primary education first in Germany, then in Yorkshire England. At the start of World War I, her family moved to Germany where she completed secondary school. Beginning in 1914, she studied sculpture at the Berlin University of the Arts, then worked as a decorator of porcelain ware at a factory in Rudolstadt. It was at that factory where her passion for the potter's wheel ignited. When she was not working at the factory, she explored the countryside. Shortly after World War I, while in Weimar for a weekend, she happened upon the posted proclamation by architect Walter Gropius about the founding of the Bauhaus school in 1919: ""a new guild of craftsmen without the class distinctions which raise an arrogant barrier between craftsmen and artists". Then and there, as she recalled in her autobiography, she decided to become one of the first students to enroll.

paragraph: Section::::Bauhaus and after.

paragraph: During her time at Bauhaus, Wildenhain studied alongside painters Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky and she worked closely with sculptor Gerhard Marcks (her "Formmeister" or Form Master) and potter Max Krehan (her "Werkmeister" or Crafts Master). In 1925, Wildenhain became the first woman to earn the Master Potter certification in Germany. In 1926, she left the school and moved to Halle-Saale, Germany, where she was appointed head of the ceramics workshop at the Burg Giebichenstein School of Fine and Applied Art. While there, she also became associated with Konigliche Porzellan-Manufaktur (or KPM), now Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur, for which she designed the prototypes for elegant, mass-produced dinnerware, most notably the Halle tea set and the Burg-Giebichenstein dinner service (both in 1930). The same year, she married a younger ceramic artist named Frans Wildenhain (1905–80), who had earlier been her classmate at the Weimar Bauhaus and served as her apprentice at Burg Giebichenstein.

paragraph: When the Nazis came to power in 1933, Wildenhain was forced to leave her teaching post because of her Jewish ancestry. With her husband (a non-Jewish German citizen), she moved to Putten, Netherlands, where the couple established a pottery shop called "Het Kruikje" (The Little Jug), and where, until 1940, they lived by making pottery. In advance of the Nazi invasion, Wildenhain was able to leave Holland in 1940 and to emigrate to New York, but her husband's concurrent request was denied.

paragraph: Section::::Pond Farm.

paragraph: Wildenhain moved from New York to California on May 27, 1940 where she held a teaching position for two years at the California College of Arts and Crafts (CCAC) in Oakland. In the early 1940s, Wildenhain relocated to Pond Farm, a tract of farmland owned by architect Gordon Herr and his wife Jane Herr, where she focused on creating the workshop it would become. After gaining U.S. citizenship in 1945, Wildenhain was able to fund and to sponsor the emigration of her husband (who, in the years of their separation, had been drafted into the German army).

paragraph: The Pond Farm Workshops, as they became known, ran from 1949-1952 and were run by Gordon Herr, Marguerite and Franz Wildenhain, and two other artist colleagues, textile artist Trude Guermonprez (born Jalowetz) and metals artist Victor Ries. Collage artist Jean Varda and sculptor Claire Falkenstein also taught at Pond Farm once per week. In these demanding workshops, focused on using the Bauhaus-style kick wheel, students created hundreds of ceramic forms such as flower pots, bowls, pitchers, cups, and tea pots. During the workshops, the students focused on the mastery of process rather than the glazing and firing of wares. During breaks, students and teachers discussed topics such as nature and music, philosophy, leaf structure, and bookkeeping. The Pond Farm truly functioned as a "school for life". Many of her students went on to become successful professional ceramicists, and credit Wildenhain with monumental growth in their artistic careers.

paragraph: The Pond Farm Workshops eventually ended for a number of reasons: Herr's dominant leadership style, disregarded requests for communal ownership by the artists, Jane Herr's 1952 death from cancer, and more. Franz also left Marguerite and took a faculty position in the School For American Craftsmen at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, while Marguerite continued to live at Pond Farm.

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: In the years that followed, as Marguerite Wildenhain's artistic stature grew, she continued to operate her own summer school, accepting twenty or more students each year. She also published three books ("Pottery: Form and Expression"; "The Invisible Core: A Potter's Life and Thoughts"; and "That We Look and See: An Admirer Looks at the Indians"), lectured at schools throughout the U.S., and took solo expeditions to South and Central America, Europe, and the Middle East. Since her death at age 88, the grounds and buildings at Pond Farm have been preserved, and are now officially a part of the California State Parks system.

paragraph: Pond farm and the Austin Creek Recreational Area were recently taken over by an operating agreement between "Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods" and the State Parks. Shortly after Stewards took on the responsibility of keeping this State Park open, Pond Farm was designated a "National Treasure" by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and with this status, plans are moving forward to restore and preserve the studio and home. Ultimately Pond Farm will be accessible for public use in some appropriate form, yet to be determined.

paragraph: Section::::Iconography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Charles Crodel: Die Töpferin Marguerite Friedlaender, Berliner Sezession, 64. Ausstellung: Künstler unter sich. Malerei. Plastik. April / März 1931, Nr. 9 (Veröffentlichungen des Kunstdienstes Nr. 57)

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pottery, Form and Expression" (New York, 1962)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Invisible Core: A Potter's Life and Thoughts" (New York, 1973)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "…that We Look and See: An Admirer Looks at the Indians" (Decorah, IA, 1979)

paragraph: BULLET::::- R. Kath, ed.: "The Letters of Gerhard Marcks and Marguerite Wildenhain, 1970-1981: A Mingling of Souls". (Ames, IA, 1991).

paragraph: BULLET::::- D.L. Schwarz, ed.: "Marguerite Letters to Franz Wildenhain" (Decorah, IA, 2005).

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dean Schwarz

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- E. Levin, "Wildenhain, Marguerite (1896-1985)" in J.Heller and N. G. Heller(eds.), "North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century: A Biographical Dictionary". (New York, 1995).

paragraph: BULLET::::- R.R. Behrens, "My Bauhaus Connection" in "Print". July/August. (New York, 1996), pp. 24 and 233-234.

paragraph: BULLET::::- R.R. Behrens, "Recalling Pond Farm: My Memory Shards of a Summer with Bauhaus Potter Marguerite Wildenhain" (Dysart, IA: 2005).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Robert V. Fullerton Art Museum, "Ripples: Marguerite Wildenhain and Her Pond Farm Students". Exhibition catalog. (San Bernardino, CA, 2002).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dean and Geraldine Schwarz, eds., "Marguerite Wildenhain and the Bauhaus: An Eyewitness Anthology". (Decorah, IA: South Bear Press, 2007). .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dean and Geraldine Schwarz, "Centering Bauhaus Clay: A Potter's Perspective". Decorah, Iowa: South Bear Press, 2009. .

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bruce A. Austin, "Frans Wildenhain 1950-75: Creative and Commercial American Ceramics at Mid-Century". Rochester, NY: Printing Applications Lab, 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Museum & Schools Program Educator Guide Kindergarten to Grade 12: Marguerite Wildenhain: Bauhaus to Pond Farm". Santa Rosa, CA: Sonoma County Museum, 2007.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite Wildenhain in the Luther College Fine Arts Collection

paragraph: BULLET::::- Marguerite Wildenhain and the Bauhaus

paragraph: BULLET::::- Centering Bauhaus Clay: A Potter's Perspective

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pond Farm Collection, Luther College

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ripples: Marguerite Wildenhain and Her Pond Farm Students

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Legacy of Marguerite Wildenhain

paragraph: BULLET::::- “Werk”. The Dignity of Craft, by American Museum of Ceramic Art, Exhibition February - April 2005 (together with )

alias:
Marguerite Friedländer
née Friedlaender Wildenhain
Marguerite Wildenhain-Friedlander
Marguerite Friedlaender
nee Friedlaender Wildenhain

description: German ceramist

wikidata_label: Marguerite Wildenhain

wikipedia_title: Marguerite Wildenhain


text:
baseball
catcher
Major League Baseball
Houston Astros
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2002
2003
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batted
home run
Lexington Legends
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Matt Wise
pinch hitter
left fielder
Mel Stocker
RBI
hits
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Humberto Quintero
Lou Palmisano
Iván Rodríguez
Minnesota Twins
Rochester Red Wings
St. Louis Cardinals
Memphis Redbirds
Los Angeles Dodgers
Albuquerque Isotopes
Bridgeport Bluefish
Texas Rangers

categories: Albuquerque Isotopes players,Houston Astros players,Salem Avalanche players,Rochester Red Wings players,Baseball players from Texas,Bridgeport Bluefish players,Memphis Redbirds players,Sportspeople from Harris County, Texas,Oklahoma City RedHawks players,Lexington Legends players,Major League Baseball catchers,Corpus Christi Hooks players,Águilas Cibaeñas players,1984 births,Greeneville Astros players,NCTC Lions baseball players,Living people,Round Rock Express players,All-Star Futures Game players

paragraph: J. R. Towles

paragraph: Justin Richard Towles (born February 11, 1984) is an American former professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Draft.

paragraph: The Oakland Athletics originally drafted him in the 32nd round (968th overall) and in the 23rd round (692nd overall) in the 2002 and 2003 Major League Baseball drafts, respectively. He did not sign with them either times. He signed with the Houston Astros when they drafted him in the 20th round (604th overall) in the 2004 draft.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Houston Astros.

paragraph: In 2004 after being signed, Towles played at the rookie level for the Greeneville Astros. He played in just 39 games and batted .243 with no home runs. In 2005 and in 2006, he played for the Single-A Lexington Legends. He batted .345 with 5 home runs in 45 games in 2005 and in 2006, batted .312 with 12 home runs in 81 games. He was a South Atlantic League Mid-Season All-Star in 2006 and was a Baseball America Low A All-Star.

paragraph: Towles worked his way up the minor leagues in 2007. He began the year with the Single-A Salem Avalanche, then the Double-A Corpus Christi Hooks, and by the end of the minor league season, was with the Triple-A Round Rock Express. He played a total of 100 games in the minor leagues and batted .287 with 11 home runs. He also was a selection for the All-Star Futures Game at AT&T Park in San Francisco.

paragraph: Towles had his contract purchased by the major league club on September 4, 2007. He made his major league debut on September 5, 2007, against the Milwaukee Brewers. He faced relief pitcher Matt Wise as a pinch hitter and flied out to left fielder Mel Stocker. On September 20, 2007, Towles got 8 RBI in a game beating the club record of 7 RBI. In the same game, the Astros got a combined 23 hits in their 18-1 win against the St. Louis Cardinals. Towles also hit his first career home run that day. The pitcher who gave up that home run was actually infielder Aaron Miles.

paragraph: Towles was expected to be the starting catcher starting in 2008 with the club signing Brad Ausmus to a one-year contract to serve as a back-up catcher and mentor to the young Towles on October 30, 2007.

paragraph: On June 5, 2008, Towles was optioned to Triple-A Round Rock for having some hitting troubles. Towles hit .145 over 42 games for the Astros. He had 17 hits in 117 at-bats, knocking four homers and driving in 14. Towles was not surprised about this move though and took it very well. Towles thought of it as a time to get some confidence back. Cooper said it wasn't his catching or game calling, it was his offense. Ausmus became the primary catcher.

paragraph: He competed with Humberto Quintero and Lou Palmisano for the starting or back-up job in spring training in 2009, but instead began the season in Round Rock when the team had signed Iván Rodríguez on March 16. After Quintero was designated to the 15 Day Disabled List, Towles was called up to the Astros to serve as back-up catcher for Rodriguez.

paragraph: Towles hit .191 (9-for-47) with one homer and eight RBIs in 17 games with the Astros. He was the Opening Day starter the following year and wound up starting 13 of the team's first 26 games, splitting time with Quintero. On May 5, 2010, he was optioned to Double-A Corpus Christi.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Minnesota Twins.

paragraph: On December 15, 2011, Towles signed a minor league contract with the Minnesota Twins. He also received an invitation to spring training. He spent the entire 2012 season in the minor leagues, playing in 52 games with the Rochester Red Wings, the Twins Triple-A affiliate. Towles batted .214 in 168 plate appearances.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:St. Louis Cardinals.

paragraph: On December 19, 2012, Towles agreed to a minor league contract with the St. Louis Cardinals. The deal included an invitation as a non-roster player to spring training with the club. He played in 19 games for the Memphis Redbirds, hitting .237 before he was released on May 24.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Los Angeles Dodgers.

paragraph: He subsequently signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers on May 29, 2013. He reported to the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes but only played in 4 games for them before he was shut down with an injury.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Bridgeport Bluefish.

paragraph: Towles signed with the Bridgeport Bluefish for the 2014 season.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Texas Rangers.

paragraph: Towles signed a minor league deal with the Texas Rangers on August 25, 2014. He became a free agent after the 2014 season.

description: American baseball player

wikidata_label: J. R. Towles

wikipedia_title: J. R. Towles