text: FRSE

text: FRSB

text: FINA

text: FRMS

text: FCEH

text: Cairngorms

text: Turriff

text: Dux

text: Turriff

text: Aberdeen University

text: Rock Ptarmigan

text: Seton Gordon

text: Blackwell Scientific Publications

text: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

text: toponymic

text: Gaelic

text: Aberdeenshire

text: Deeside

text: Crathie, Aberdeenshire

text: University of Glasgow

text: Derick Thomson

text: The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies

text: The Scots Magazine

text: The Scotsman

text: Angus

text: Kincardineshire

text: Nuffield Fellowship

text: Royal Society of Edinburgh

text: Institute of Biology

text: Institute of Biology

text: Cairngorm Club

text: Arctic Institute of North America

text: Royal Society of Edinburgh

text: University of Virginia

text: University of Stirling

text: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

text: British Trust for Ornithology

text: Worldwide Fund for Nature

text: Scottish Ornithologists Club

text: Emeritus Fellow

text: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology

text: Scottish National Portrait Gallery

text: John Muir Trust

text: Dick Balharry

text: Royal Meteorological Society

text: Ecological Society of America

text: Royal Meteorological Society

text: Fort William

text: Outdoor Writers and Photographers Guild

text: Aberdeen

text: Ecological Society of America

text: Scottish Mountaineering Club

text: Cairngorm Plateau Disaster

text: Banff

text: Ainslie Park High School

text: Nature Conservancy Council

text: John Muir Trust

text: Countryside Commission for Scotland

text: the Lecht

text: Glenshee

text: Cairn Gorm

text: Glencoe

text: Nevis Range

text: snow-patches on Scotland's mountains

text: Cairngorms

text: Interview with Gordon Casely

text: News of the lifetime achievement award

text: Highland Naturalists

text: National Galleries of Scotland

text: Guardian article

text: Radio 4's The Living World

text: Lionel Kelleway

text: Current TV interview

text: Observations of Golden Eagles in Scotland

categories: Scottish ecologists,Scottish biologists,Scottish mountain climbers,1930 births,Alumni of the University of Aberdeen,2019 deaths,People from Formartine,Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

paragraph: Adam Watson (scientist)

paragraph: Adam Watson, FRSE, FRSB, FINA, FRMS, FCEH (14 April 1930 – 23 January 2019) was a Scottish biologist, ecologist and mountaineer. He was one of the most recognisable scientific figures in Scotland due to his many appearances on TV and radio. His large academic output and contributions to the understanding of the flora and fauna in Scotland and elsewhere have been internationally recognised. Dr Watson was widely acknowledged as Scotland's pre-eminent authority on the Cairngorms mountain range.

paragraph: Section::::Early and personal life.

paragraph: Adam Watson was born on 14 April 1930 at Turriff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. In March 1955 he married Jenny Raitt, with whom he had two children, Jenny and Adam Christopher.

paragraph: Section::::Academic achievements.

paragraph: From an early age, Watson showed considerable academic prowess. He was Dux of Turriff Primary School (1942) and of Turriff Senior Secondary School (1948) in Latin, English, Higher Latin, English, French, Science, lower History and Mathematics.

paragraph: At Aberdeen University, in 1952 Watson gained 1st class honours in Pure Science (Zoology) and also won the MacGillivray Prize, Department of Natural History. In 1956, he got a PhD for his thesis on the "Annual Cycle of Rock Ptarmigan", a bird that has fascinated Watson all of his adult life. In 1967, he added a 2nd Doctorate (DSc) for scientific papers on populations and behaviour of northern animals.

paragraph: Watson was inspired by the writings of Seton Gordon, whose book "The Cairngorm Hills of Scotland" Watson came across as a child, and was 'transformed' by its content. This sparked his lifelong interest in the Cairngorms, and Watson remained in contact with Gordon until his death in 1977.

paragraph: Section::::Published work and editorships.

paragraph: The body of work by Watson over 58 years (1944–2012) includes 23 books, 287 peer-reviewed scientific papers, 178 technical reports, 40 book reviews, and many articles in newspapers and magazines.

paragraph: His editorships include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1956–64 Editor, "The Scottish Naturalist"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 Editorial Board, "Journal of Animal Ecology"

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970 Editor, British Ecological Society's 10th Symposium Volume, "Animal Populations in relation to their Food Resources", Blackwell Scientific Publications

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981–89 Editorial Board, "Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"

paragraph: Section::::Published work and editorships.:"The Place Names of Upper Deeside".

paragraph: "The Place Names of Upper Deeside" is a 1984 toponymic book by Watson and Elizabeth Allan about the Gaelic place names in the upper part of western Aberdeenshire known as Deeside.

paragraph: Watson started his research in 1971 and collected over the next 13 years more than 7,000 place-names largely based on interviews with 260 local people. Interviewees included the last surviving native speaker of Deeside Gaelic, Jean Bain in Crathie, Aberdeenshire.

paragraph: A contemporary review said about the book: "There have been many place name studies published in Scotland during the course of the present century but none can match in detail and usefulness "The Place Names of Upper Deeside" by Adam Watson and Elizabeth Allan." Professor of Celtic at the University of Glasgow Derick Thomson described the book's detail and breadth in "The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies". A review in "The Scots Magazine" called it "a remarkable gazetteer of the topography running to 220 large pages in a beautifully-presented work". "The Scotsman" upon Watson's death in 2019, called the book "magisterial".

paragraph: Watson continued his toponymic studies later in life, and published "Place Names in Much of North-East Scotland" about place names in Angus and Kincardineshire in 2013, and, with Ian Murray, the book "Upper Deeside and the far Highlands" in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Testimonials.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "He brought to the (John Muir) Trust immense expertise and authority from a lifetime's scientific work on the ecology of the Cairngorms, an unparalleled field knowledge of the hills and intense personal commitment to their special qualities."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Few people know more about snow in Britain than Watson, who has spent almost six decades ski-mountaineering and walking around the Cairngorms, studying snow and the birds and mammals that live in it."

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dr. Watson was one of the most respected authorities within his field. He has written fifteen books on landscape and wildlife, including the definitive mountaineering guide The Cairngorms, which has been in-print since the 1960s."

paragraph: Section::::Fellowships, honours and awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1969 Nuffield Fellowship to lecture at Canadian universities

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1971 Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 Fellow of the Institute of Biology

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1980 Chartered Biologist of the Institute of Biology

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982 Honorary Life Member, Cairngorm Club

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1983 Fellow of the Arctic Institute of North America

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 Royal Society of Edinburgh Neill Prize for 'your outstanding contribution to Natural History and in particular to your study of Red Grouse and the environmental impacts of developments in mountainous countryside’

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1986 Distinguished Scholar at University of Virginia

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 DUniv, University of Stirling (Honorary)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Medal of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995 Witherby Lecturer, British Trust for Ornithology

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Honorary Life Member Worldwide Fund for Nature-UK "in recognition of..outstanding quality of work, and a lifetime of dedication to securing the future of the Cairngorms", also Honorary Life Member of the Scottish Ornithologists Club

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2000 Emeritus Fellow of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2003 Portrait for permanent display in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2004 Lifetime Achievement Award of the John Muir Trust, for conserving wild places – presented by Dick Balharry

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2006 Associate Fellow of Royal Meteorological Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008 Emeritus Member of the Ecological Society of America

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2009 Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 Award for Excellence in Mountain Culture, Fort William Festival

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012 Golden Eagle Award of the Outdoor Writers and Photographers Guild

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014 DSc, Aberdeen (Honorary)

paragraph: Watson was also an Emeritus member of the Ecological Society of America, and had been a member of the Scottish Mountaineering Club since 1954.

paragraph: Section::::Notable duties.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1972 Chief expert witness for the Crown in the Cairngorm Plateau Disaster Fatal Accident Inquiry in February at Banff (five children from Ainslie Park High School, Edinburgh, and an instructor died in the snow at Feith Buidhe on the plateau in November 1971)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1981 Main scientific witness commissioned by the Nature Conservancy Council at the Lurcher's Gully Public Inquiry, on behalf of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984 One of the first Trustees of the John Muir Trust, Trustee 1984–97, Honorary Adviser 1997–2003

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1990–92 Commissioner, Countryside Commission for Scotland

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1995–97 board member, Cairngorms Partnership

paragraph: BULLET::::- Independent monitoring scientist for downhill ski areas at the Lecht (1984 to date), Glenshee (1986 to date), Cairn Gorm (1990–99), Glencoe (1996), and gave technical advice to Nevis Range in November 1995.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Author, "Environmental Baseline Study for Glenshee Ski Centre" (1987), "Environmental Baseline Study of Damaged Ground at Cairngorm Estate" (1994), and nine Environmental Statements on proposed ski developments at Lecht (3), Cairn Gorm (2), Glenshee (2) and Glencoe (2).

paragraph: Section::::Later years.

paragraph: Watson was fascinated by snow since childhood and published widely on the longevity of snow-patches on Scotland's mountains. In May 2009 he led a walk at Glenshee on which he showed the participants the long-lying snow-patches of the Cairngorms and the effects of snow-lie on vegetation.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1963. "Mountain hares". Sunday Times Publications, London. (AW & R. Hewson)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970. "Animal populations in relation to their food resources" (Editor). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford and Edinburgh.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1970. Adam Watson & Gordon R Miller, "Grouse Management" (Game Conservancy, Fordingbridge, and 1976 new edition)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1974. Desmond Nethersole-Thompson & Adam Watson, "The Cairngorms: their Natural History and Scenery" (Collins, London, 1981 new edition Melven Press, Perth)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1975. Adam Watson, "The Cairngorms, Scottish Mountaineering Club District Guide" (also 1992 and later editions)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982. Robert Moss, Adam Watson & John G. Ollason, "Animal Population Dynamics" (Chapman & Hall, London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1982. Kai Curry-Lindahl, Adam Watson & R, Drennan Watson, "The Future of the Cairngorms" (North East Mountain Trust, Aberdeen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1984. Adam Watson & Elizabeth Allan, "The Place Names of Upper Deeside" (Aberdeen University Press)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1998. Stuart Rae & Adam Watson, "The Cairngorms of Scotland" (Eagle Crag, Aberdeen)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2008. Adam Watson & Robert Moss, "Grouse". HarperCollins, Collins New Naturalist Library No 107, hardback and paperback

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2010. "Cool Britannia: snowier times in 1580–1930 than since". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe (by AW & I. Cameron)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011. "It's a fine day for the hill". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011. "A zoologist on Baffin Island, 1953". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011. "Vehicle hill tracks in northern Scotland". The North East Mountain Trust, Aberdeen, published imprint Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2011. "A snow book, northern Scotland: based on the author's field observations in 1938–2011". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012. "Some days from a hill diary: Scotland, Iceland, Norway, 1943–50". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012. "Human impacts on the northern Cairngorms: A. Watson's scientific evidence for the 1981

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lurcher's Gully Public Inquiry into proposed Cairn Gorm ski developments, and associated papers on people and wildlife". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2012. "Birds in north-east Scotland then and now: field observations mainly in the 1940s and comparison with recent records". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe (by AW & Ian Francis)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013. "Place names in much of north-east Scotland. Hill, glen, lowland, coast, sea, folk". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013. "Points, sets and man. Pointers and setters, stars of research on grouse, ptarmigan and other game". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013. "Hill birds in north-east Highlands. Field observations over decades – ptarmigan, red grouse, golden plover, dotterel, bird counts". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2013. "Mammals in north-east Highlands – red deer, mountain hares, others". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014. "More days from a hill diary: Scotland, Norway, Newfoundland, 1951–80". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2014. "Plants in north-east Highlands – timing of blaeberry growth, tree regeneration, land use, plant orientation". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2015. "Place name discoveries on Upper Deeside and the far Highlands". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe (by AW & Ian Murray)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016. "Essays on lone trips, mountain-craft and other hill topics". Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2019. "Observations of Golden Eagles in Scotland: A Historical & Ecological Review". Hancock House Publishers, Surrey, BC, Canada.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Interview with Gordon Casely in Leopard Magazine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- News of the lifetime achievement award given to Dr Watson by the John Muir trust.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Highland Naturalists biography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- National Galleries of Scotland portrait.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guardian article with Charlie English interviewing Dr Watson about snow.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Radio 4's The Living World with Lionel Kelleway, where he and Dr Watson go in search of grouse.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Current TV interview with Watson on Scotland's changing winter climate.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Observations of Golden Eagles in Scotland Dr. Watson's last published work

description: Scottish biologist

wikidata_label: Adam Watson

wikipedia_title: Adam Watson (scientist)


text:
Kingstown
Dublin
Victoria
Adelaide
Gloucester
New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Free Trade
Gloucester
St Leonards
Mexico

categories: Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly,Year of death missing,1855 births

paragraph: Jonathan Seaver

paragraph: Jonathan Charles Billing Pockerage Seaver (born 7 June 1855, date of death unknown) was an Irish-born Australian politician.

paragraph: He was born at Kingstown near Dublin, and arrived in Victoria around 1857. At sixteen he became a tutor and after an abortive attempt at a church career worked as an engineer and surveyor. He travelled widely, spending some time in Adelaide before settling in Gloucester. In 1887 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Free Trade member for Gloucester. He held the seat until 1891, when he was defeated running for St Leonards. Little is known about his subsequent life, but he is believed to have died in Mexico.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Jonathan Seaver

wikipedia_title: Jonathan Seaver


text:
Kuwait
Campos Racing
2015

categories: Porsche Supercup drivers,1994 births,Kuwaiti racing drivers,Living people,GP3 Series drivers

paragraph: Zaid Ashkanani

paragraph: Zaid Ashkanani (born 24 May 1994) is a Kuwaiti racing driver.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:Porsche GT3 Cup Challenge Middle East.

paragraph: Ashkanani began racing in the Porsche GT3 Cup Challenge Middle East in 2012 and already in his first year he managed to get on the podium. In his second season, he became champion having achieved three wins and eight podiums. In the 2014–15 season he lost the championship in the final race. Clemens Schmid became champion that season twelve points in front of Ashkanani.

paragraph: Section::::Career.:GP3 Series.

paragraph: On February 12, 2015 Campos Racing announced that Ashkanani would join the team for 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Career summary.

paragraph: Not eligible for points.

paragraph: Section::::Racing record.:Complete Porsche Supercup results.

paragraph: As Ashkanani was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.

description: Kuwaiti racing driver

wikidata_label: Zaid Ashkanani

wikipedia_title: Zaid Ashkanani


text:
Arar
AH
Abdul Aziz bin Musa'ed
King Abdul Aziz
Najran Region
King Saud
Isha prayer
Mecca

paragraph: Abdullah bin Abdulaziz bin Musa'ed bin Jiluwi Al Saud

paragraph: Abdullah bin Abdullaziz bin Musa'ed bin Jiluwi Al Suad (1931 – 4 July 2015) was governor of the Northern Borders Region ( ""). He served as the Emir of the northern border region and its capital and administrative Arar from 1957 until his death in 2017, and before that he served as the Governor of Qassim region for ten years. He was one of the longest serving governors in the Kingdom.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Abdullah was born in Hail in 1931, 1348 AH, and his father, Prince Abdul Aziz bin Musa'ed, is the cousin of King Abdul Aziz and one of his commanders. His brother, Prince Jiluwi bin Abdul Aziz bin Musa'ed, is the governor of Najran Region. Prince Abdullah was appointed by King Saud as a northern border region governor in 1956.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Prince Abdullah bin Abdullaziz bin Musa'ed died on 4 July 2015. He was buried after Isha prayer on 6 July 2015 at the Grand Mosque in Mecca.

description: Saudi Arabian politician


text: Sir George Savile, 7th Baronet

text: Sir George Savile, 8th Baronet

text: Rufford Abbey

text: Thornhill Hall

text: Lincoln

text: House of Lords

text: High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire

text: Henry Willoughby, 5th Baron Middleton

text: Reverend John Lumley-Savile

categories: British MPs 1784–1790,High Sheriffs of Nottinghamshire,Politics of Lincoln, England,1832 deaths,1757 births,Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies,Earls of Scarbrough

paragraph: Richard Lumley-Saunderson, 6th Earl of Scarbrough (16 April 1757 – 17 June 1832), styled The Honourable Richard Lumley-Saunderson until 1807, was a British peer and politician.

paragraph: Section::::Background.

paragraph: Scarbrough was a younger son of Richard Lumley-Saunderson, 4th Earl of Scarbrough, and Barbara, daughter of Sir George Savile, 7th Baronet and sister and heiress of Sir George Savile, 8th Baronet. He inherited substantial estates (Rufford Abbey and Thornhill Hall) on the death of his maternal uncle in 1784, assuming the additional surname of Savile. When he later inherited his brother's title and estates in 1807 (and gave up his previous inheritance) he replaced the Savile name with Saunderson.

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He served in the British Army as a Cornet in the 10th Dragoons ( 1775), was promoted to lieutenant in 1778 and captain in the 86th Foot (1780). He retired in 1784.

paragraph: He was returned as Member of Parliament for Lincoln in 1784, a seat he held until 1790. In 1807 he succeeded his elder brother in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. He was appointed High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire for 1793–94.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Lord Scarbrough died in June 1832, aged 75. He had married the Hon. Henrietta Willoughby, daughter of Henry Willoughby, 5th Baron Middleton but had no children. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Reverend John Lumley-Savile.

description: British politician and earl


text:
ABC
Warner Brothers
detective
77 Sunset Strip
Los Angeles High School
U.S. Army Signal Corps
Milton Berle
Don McNeill's Breakfast Club
WINS
Texaco Star Theatre
Jackie Cooper
NBC
The People's Choice
western
The Alaskans
Batman
The Virginian
Raid on Entebbe
Please Don't Eat the Daisies
The Donna Reed Show
Gilligan's Island
Warner Bros.
Al Capone
The Crowded Sky
Gypsy
For Those Who Think Young
Birds Do It
Unholy Rollers
Superchick
Linda Lovelace for President
All the President's Men
Mary Poppins
Grauman's Chinese Theatre
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

categories: Male actors from Los Angeles,1915 births,American male television actors,American male film actors,20th-century American male actors,1988 deaths,Deaths from cancer in California,Male actors from Chicago,Deaths from lung cancer

paragraph: Louis Quinn

paragraph: Louis Quinn (March 23, 1915 – September 14, 1988) was an American television and film actor, best known for his role as Roscoe, the comic relief racetrack tout, from 1958 to 1963 in the ABC/Warner Brothers detective television series, "77 Sunset Strip".

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Born Louis Frackt in Chicago, Quinn went to Los Angeles when he was a boy; he was raised by his brother. He sold newspapers on street corners and graduated from Los Angeles High School. He went on to study journalism at the University of New Mexico.

paragraph: Section::::Military service.

paragraph: Quinn was a member of the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War II. His duties included writing dialogue for training films.

paragraph: Section::::Radio.

paragraph: Quinn began his career as a radio personality, hosting variety shows and writing comedy for Milton Berle and "Don McNeill's Breakfast Club".

paragraph: Early in 1953, WINS in New York City carried "The Louis Quinn Show" from midnight to 1 a.m., with the program originating in its studios. On December 30, 1953, Quinn began broadcasting his program over KCMJ, Palm Springs, California. The program originated in the Fireside Room of the La Paz Hotel in Palm Springs.

paragraph: Section::::Television.

paragraph: Quinn continued writing for Berle when the comedian made the transition to television in "Texaco Star Theatre".

paragraph: His first television role was as a city council member in the 1956 episode "The Bachelor Party' of Jackie Cooper's NBC sitcom, "The People's Choice".

paragraph: He appeared regularly on television though not in major or recurring roles apart from "77 Sunset Strip." He guest starred on the ABC/WB western series, "The Alaskans". He appeared in three episodes of ABC's "Batman" (55, 56 and 111), once on NBC's "The Virginian", in the 1977 film "Raid on Entebbe", and the sitcoms, "Please Don't Eat the Daisies", "The Donna Reed Show", Barney Miller and "Gilligan's Island".

paragraph: Section::::Film.

paragraph: Quinn's writing career began at Warner Bros., where director Bryan Foy signed him as a writer in August 1940. He was the writer for seven feature films before he went into the military during World War II.

paragraph: On the big screen, Quinn played mostly supporting roles in such films as "Al Capone" (1959), "The Crowded Sky" (1960), "Gypsy" (1962), "For Those Who Think Young" (1964), "Birds Do It" (1966), "Unholy Rollers" (1972), "Superchick" (1973), "Linda Lovelace for President" (1975), and "All the President's Men" (1976).

paragraph: He was also the emcee for the premiere of "Mary Poppins" at Grauman's Chinese Theatre on August 27, 1964, though he did not appear in the film itself.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Quinn was married to Christine Nelson, an actress and entertainer in television, film and night clubs. She made guest appearances on "77 Sunset Strip" four times during its run. They died a month apart in 1988.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: Quinn died of lung cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. He was 73. His survivors included a daughter, a brother, and four sisters.

description: actor

wikidata_label: Louis Quinn

wikipedia_title: Louis Quinn


text:
Conservative Party
John Cocks, 1st Earl Somers
Edward Charles Cocks
Peninsular War
Westminster
Member of Parliament
Reigate
Hereford

categories: UK MPs 1832–1835,UK MPs 1812–1818,UK MPs 1835–1837,1852 deaths,UK MPs 1818–1820,Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies,UK MPs 1837–1841,UK MPs 1826–1830,UK MPs 1830–1831,Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,1788 births,Tory MPs (pre-1834),UK MPs 1831–1832

paragraph: John Somers-Cocks, 2nd Earl Somers

paragraph: John Somers Somers-Cocks, 2nd Earl Somers (19 March 1788 – 5 October 1852), styled Viscount Eastnor between 1821 and 1841, was a British peer and Conservative Party politician.

paragraph: Somers was the second son of John Cocks, 1st Earl Somers; his older brother Edward Charles Cocks died in the Peninsular War. He was educated at Westminster, entered the British Army and served in the Peninsula War. Somers sat as Member of Parliament for Reigate between 1812 and 1818 (succeeding his elder brother) and again between 1832 and 1841 and for Hereford between 1818 and 1832. In 1841 he succeeded his father in the earldom.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- G. E. C., ed. Geoffrey F. White. The Complete Peerage. (London: St. Chaterine Press, 1953) Vol. XII, Part 1, p. 33–34.

description: British politician

wikidata_label: John Somers-Cocks, 2nd Earl Somers

wikipedia_title: John Somers-Cocks, 2nd Earl Somers


text:
chemist
Delitzsch
Prussia
Province of Saxony
anatomist
Max Fürbringer
Jena
Berlin
Franco-Prussian War
pathology
Jena
Nikolaus Friedreich
University of Heidelberg
pharmacology
chemistry
oxalic acid
urine
Friedrichshain
salicylic acid
mercury
alkaptonuria
liver disease
genitourinary system
infectious diseases
hand sanitation
physical education
balneology
impotence
Brandenburg
kidneys
Thomas Grainger Stewart
pleurisy
Deutsche Biographie
German Wikipedia

categories: People from the Province of Saxony,1849 births,German pharmacologists,People from Delitzsch,1930 deaths

paragraph: Paul Fürbringer

paragraph: Paul Walther Fürbringer (7 August 1849 – 21 July 1930) was a German physician and chemist born in Delitzsch, in the Prussian Province of Saxony. He was a brother to anatomist Max Fürbringer (1846-1920).

paragraph: He studied medicine at the Universities of Jena and Berlin. He served as an assistant physician during the Franco-Prussian War, afterwards working as an assistant in the institute of pathology at Jena, and in Nikolaus Friedreich's clinic at the University of Heidelberg. In 1876 he received his habilitation for pharmacology and medicinal chemistry with a dissertation involving oxalic acid excretion in the urine.

paragraph: In 1879 he became an associate professor and head of the district health center in Jena, and during the following year was director of the "Amtsphysikat"-Jena. From 1886 to 1903 he was director of the city hospital at Friedrichshain-Berlin.

paragraph: Fürbringer's interests in medicine were many and varied. He performed investigations of salicylic acid as well as research on the effects of mercury; conducted studies on alkaptonuria, liver disease, diseases of the genitourinary system and acute infectious diseases. He also conducted research on subjects such as hand sanitation, physical education, balneology, sexual pathology and impotence.

paragraph: From 1890 to 1921 he was a member of the "Medizinalkollegiums" for Berlin and Brandenburg.

paragraph: Section::::Written works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Muskeln des Kopfskeletts der Zyklostomen" (Jena 1875).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Untersuchungen und Vorschriften über die Desinfektion der Hände des Arztes", 1888 (Studies and regulations for disinfection of the hands of the physician).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Die Krankheiten der Harn- und Geschlechtsorgane" (1884; second edition 1890) -- "Textbook of diseases of the kidneys and urinary organs"; translated from the German with annotations by W.H. Gilbert; commendatory letter from Sir Thomas Grainger Stewart (London : H.K. Lewis, 1895).

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Über die Punktionstherapie der serösen Pleuritis und ihre Indikation" 1890 (On puncture therapy of serous pleurisy and its indication).

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deutsche Biographie (biography)

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of written works copied from an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.

description: German physician

wikidata_label: Paul Fürbringer

wikipedia_title: Paul Fürbringer


text:
Province of Silesia
Wrocław
Poland
Austro-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
Prussian Army
VI Army Corps
9th Division
XVIII Army Corps
XVI
XVIII
XXI Army Corps
World War I
Battle of Soissons
10th Army
Masurian Lakes
Kovno
Grodno
Olita
Russia
Army Group Eichhorn
Kiev
Left Socialist Revolutionaries
Berlin
Order of Saint Stanislaus
Prussian Order of the Crown
Order of Philip the Magnanimous
Order of the Red Eagle
Military Order of St. Henry
honorary doctorate
University of Berlin
Photo of Eichhorn and his adjutant

categories: Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class,Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class),German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War,Grand Crosses of the Order of the Red Eagle,German people murdered abroad,People from the Province of Silesia,People from Wrocław,People murdered in Ukraine,1848 births,Field marshals of the German Empire,1918 deaths,Burials at the Invalids' Cemetery,Commanders 2nd Class of the Military Order of St. Henry,Assassinated military personnel,Field marshals of Prussia,Assassinated German people,German military personnel killed in World War I

paragraph: Hermann von Eichhorn

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: was born in in the Province of Silesia (now Wrocław in Poland). A veteran of the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War, he had risen through the ranks of the Prussian Army, being appointed chief of the staff of the VI Army Corps at in 1897, commanding the 9th Division from 1901 to 1904 and the XVIII Army Corps from 1904 to 1912. In 1912 he took command of the 7th Army Inspection, the peacetime headquarters for the Imperial German XVI, XVIII, and XXI Army Corps.

paragraph: At the outbreak of World War I, was incapacitated in consequence of an accident, but was able to play a part in the Battle of Soissons. He became the commanding general of the 10th Army on 21 January 1915, which he would command until 5 March 1918. This Army engaged in the great battle of the Masurian Lakes in February 1915. In August, he took Kovno and afterwards the fortresses of Grodno and Olita, and continued his advance into Russia. He received the on 18 August 1915 and the oak leaves to the on 28 September 1915. On 30 July 1916, while remaining in command of the 10th Army, became supreme commander of Army Group Eichhorn (') based around 10th Army, which he would command until 31 March 1918. On 18 December 1917, was promoted to . On 3 April 1918, Field Marshal became supreme commander of Army Group Kiev (') and simultaneously military governor of Ukraine.

paragraph: He was assassinated in Kiev on 30 July 1918 by of Left Socialist Revolutionaries. He is buried at the in Berlin.

paragraph: Section::::Awards.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class (31 August 1871)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prussian Order of the Crown, 1st class (17 January 1904)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of Philip the Magnanimous (8 September 1905)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Order of the Red Eagle, Grand Cross with Oak Leaves (20 August 1907)

paragraph: BULLET::::- (18 August 1915), with Oak Leaves (28 September 1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Military Order of St. Henry, Commander Second Class (25 October 1916)

paragraph: He was also awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Berlin on 18 February 1918.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Photo of Eichhorn and his adjutant

description: German general

wikidata_label: Hermann von Eichhorn

wikipedia_title: Hermann von Eichhorn


text:
Danish
golf
European Tour
Challenge Tour
Volvo Finnish Open
European Tour
Diageo Championship at Gleneagles
Volvo Masters
Valderrama Golf Club
Andalucia
Spain
Martin Kaymer
Anthony Wall
Dubai World Championship
Order of Merit
European Tour
David Drysdale
2009
Open de Andalucia
Andalusia
Spain
BMW PGA Championship
Scottish Open
PGA Championship
WGC-CA Championship
Andalucía Masters
Volvo China Open
Open de España
Dubai Duty Free Irish Open
Eddie Pepperell
Bernd Wiesberger
Nordea Masters
Made in Denmark
British Masters
Eisenhower Trophy
World Cup
Thorbjørn Olesen
Official World Golf Ranking
Volvo Finnish Open
ISPS Handa World Cup of Golf
Thorbjørn Olesen
Eisenhower Trophy
1994
World Cup
1998
1999
2003
2004
2009
2016
2018
Seve Trophy
2009
EurAsia Cup
2016

categories: Golfers at the 2016 Summer Olympics,PGA Tour golfers,1975 births,Sportspeople from Aalborg,People from Ascot, Berkshire,European Tour golfers,Danish male golfers,Olympic golfers of Denmark

paragraph: Søren Kjeldsen

paragraph: Søren Kjeldsen (; born 17 May 1975) is a Danish golfer who plays on the European Tour.

paragraph: Kjeldsen turned professional in 1995. Kjeldsen's success on the second tier Challenge Tour in 1997, which included his first victory as a professional in the Volvo Finnish Open, earned him membership for the main European Tour for 1998. He won his first European Tour title at the 2003 Diageo Championship at Gleneagles.

paragraph: His second European Tour win came at the 2008 Volvo Masters at Valderrama Golf Club in Andalucia, Spain, where he won by 2 strokes over Martin Kaymer and Anthony Wall. This was the final staging of the Volvo Masters because as part of the Race to Dubai, introduced in 2009, the European Tour season now concludes at the Dubai World Championship. He ended the year 10th on the Order of Merit, which to date is still his best year-end ranking.

paragraph: Kjeldsen won his third European Tour event and second consecutive event on Spanish soil with a three stroke victory over David Drysdale at the 2009 Open de Andalucia in Marbella, Andalusia, Spain. Also in 2009, he finished third at the BMW PGA Championship, fourth at the Scottish Open, sixth at the PGA Championship and seventh at the WGC-CA Championship.

paragraph: He finished second at the 2010 Andalucía Masters and the 2011 Volvo China Open. In 2012 he finished second at the Open de España and fifth at the Scottish Open.

paragraph: In May 2015, Kjeldsen ended a six-year drought and won his fourth European Tour title at the Dubai Duty Free Irish Open. On a very windy final day, Kjeldsen held a two stroke lead but shot a 76 five over par round to fall into a three-man playoff with Eddie Pepperell and Bernd Wiesberger. On the first extra hole, Kjeldsen found the par five 18th green in two and after Pepperell and Wiesberger could not get up and down for their birdies, he two putted from 30 feet for the victory. Kjeldsen maintained his 100% record of winning when holding the 54 hole lead, which now stands at 4-for-4. The next week he finished second at the Nordea Masters. Later he finished second at the Made in Denmark and British Masters tournaments.

paragraph: Kjeldsen represented Denmark in the Eisenhower Trophy in 1994 and at the World Cup in 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2009, and 2016, winning the 2016 event alongside Thorbjørn Olesen.

paragraph: He has featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking.

paragraph: For 2017, Kjeldsen accepted PGA Tour membership.

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins (6).

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins (6).:European Tour wins (4).

paragraph: European Tour playoff record (1–1)

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins (6).:Challenge Tour wins (1).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1997 Volvo Finnish Open

paragraph: Section::::Professional wins (6).:Other wins (1).

paragraph: BULLET::::- 2016 ISPS Handa World Cup of Golf (with Thorbjørn Olesen)

paragraph: CUT = missed the half-way cut

paragraph: "T" indicates a tie for a place

paragraph: Section::::Results in major championships.:Summary.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Most consecutive cuts made – 5 (2009 Open – 2010 Open)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (three times)

paragraph: Section::::Results in World Golf Championships.

paragraph: "Results not in chronological order prior to 2015."

paragraph: QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match playbr

paragraph: "T" = tiedbr

paragraph: Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.

paragraph: Section::::Team appearances.

paragraph: Amateur

paragraph: BULLET::::- Eisenhower Trophy (representing Denmark): 1994

paragraph: Professional

paragraph: BULLET::::- World Cup (representing Denmark): 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2016 (winners), 2018

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seve Trophy (representing Continental Europe): 2009

paragraph: BULLET::::- EurAsia Cup (representing Europe): 2016 (winners)

description: professional golfer

wikidata_label: Søren Kjeldsen

wikipedia_title: Søren Kjeldsen


text:
first-class cricket
Yorkshire County Cricket Club
Pudsey
Yorkshire
England
Jack Brown
Derbyshire
Queen's Park, Chesterfield
Wisden Cricketer of the Year
Nickname
wicket-keeper
Wally Hammond
John Langridge
coach
Clifton College
Gloucestershire County Cricket Club
Westbury Park, Bristol

categories: Yorkshire cricketers,C. I. Thornton's XI cricketers,Players cricketers,English cricketers,Sportspeople from Yorkshire,North v South cricketers,1866 births,People from Pudsey,1948 deaths,Wisden Cricketers of the Year

paragraph: John Tunnicliffe

paragraph: John Tunnicliffe (26 August 1866 – 11 July 1948) was an English, first-class cricketer, who played in 472 first-class matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club.

paragraph: Section::::County career.

paragraph: Tunnicliffe was born at Low Town, Pudsey, Yorkshire, England. He was a tall, forceful right-handed opening batsman, and on his figures one of the best slip fielders of all time. A late starter in first-class cricket, he was a regular in the Yorkshire team from 1893 and, between 1895 and 1907, scored 1,000 runs in every season except 1903. His best year was 1898, when he scored 1,804 runs at an average of 41.00 runs per innings. That season he made his highest score, contributing 243 in a then-record partnership for any wicket of 554 with Jack Brown against Derbyshire at Queen's Park, Chesterfield. That stand is still the third highest for the first wicket, and the sixth highest for any wicket, in first-class cricket worldwide. Tunnicliffe was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1901.

paragraph: Almost as important to Yorkshire as his batting was Tunnicliffe's slip fielding. Nicknamed "Long John of Pudsey", he had long arms that enabled him to bring off catches others would not have attempted. In 498 first-class matches, he took 695 catches. In a few of his early games in 1891 and 1892, he appeared to have acted as wicket-keeper, but thereafter he was at slip. His 70 catches in the 1901 season was a record that stood until Wally Hammond caught 79 in 1928. His ratio of catches to matches is 1.393:1, which compares favourably with both Hammond (1.291:1) and John Langridge (1.365:1).

paragraph: Tunnicliffe scored 20,310 first-class runs at an average of 27.00, and with his occasional bowling took seven wickets at 57.85.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement and death.

paragraph: Tunnicliffe retired after the 1907 season, and became cricket coach at Clifton College. He later served on the Gloucestershire County Cricket Club committee when his son was the county secretary.

paragraph: He died in Westbury Park, Bristol in July 1948, aged 81.

description: English county cricketer

wikidata_label: John Tunnicliffe

wikipedia_title: John Tunnicliffe


text:
Alexandru Philippide
Iași
University of Iași
of Berlin
of Paris
Communist regime
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Friedrich Schiller
E. T. A. Hoffmann
Heinrich Heine
Thomas Mann
Voltaire
William Shakespeare
Alexander Pushkin
Leo Tolstoy
Rabindranath Tagore
Romanian Academy
socialist realist
Bellu cemetery
Bucharest
Olga Bancic
Romanian Revolution

categories: Romanian male poets,Herder Prize recipients,People from Iași,20th-century translators,1979 deaths,Romanian translators,20th-century Romanian poets,1900 births,Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni,Burials at Bellu

paragraph: Alexandru A. Philippide

paragraph: Alexandru A. Philippide (; April 1, 1900 – February 8, 1979) was a Romanian poet.

paragraph: The son of linguist Alexandru Philippide, he was born in Iași. He studied law, literature, philosophy and political economy at the University of Iași, of Berlin and of Paris. Making his poetry debut in 1919, he published rarely, with volumes appearing in 1922, 1930 and 1939. Thus, his decision to enter an artistic strike after the onset of the Communist regime passed unnoticed. During this period, he translated or improved texts by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, E. T. A. Hoffmann, Heinrich Heine, Thomas Mann, Voltaire, William Shakespeare, Alexander Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy, Rabindranath Tagore and many others. He was not an open dissident, accepting corresponding membership in the Romanian Academy in 1955 and titular membership in 1963. Once the socialist realist phase had passed, he began writing poetry again. He was buried in Bellu cemetery in Bucharest.

paragraph: A street in Bucharest bears his name. Initially called "Pia Brătianu", it was renamed after Olga Bancic under communism and given Philippide's name following the Romanian Revolution.

description: Romanian poet

wikidata_label: Alexandru A. Philippide

wikipedia_title: Alexandru A. Philippide


text:
A Coruña
Galicia
Madrid
El Heraldo de Galicia
Diario de A Coruña
Tierra Gallega
Diario Ferrolano
Manuel Maria Puga and Parga -Picadillo-
Madrid
El Imparcial
Diario ABC
Peter Chalmers Mitchell

categories: Spanish male novelists,1885 births,1964 deaths,People from A Coruña,20th-century Spanish novelists,Spanish journalists,Galician writers,20th-century Spanish male writers,20th-century journalists,Members of the Royal Spanish Academy

paragraph: Wenceslao Fernández Flórez

paragraph: Wenceslao Fernández Flórez (1885 in A Coruña, Galicia – 1964 in Madrid) was a popular Spanish journalist and novelist of the early 20th century. Throughout his career, he retained an intense fondness for the land of his birth.

paragraph: Section::::Early life and career.

paragraph: His father died when he was fifteen years old, forcing Wenceslao to abandon his education and dedicate himself to journalism. His first job was with A Coruña's "La Mañana", and he went on to write for "El Heraldo de Galicia", "Diario de A Coruña" and "Tierra Gallega". At the age of eighteen he was given a senior position at "Diario Ferrolano". He later returned to A Coruña to work at "El Noroeste".

paragraph: He kept close friendship with Galician nationalism leaders and other intellectuals . Among his friends we find: Manuel Maria Puga and Parga -Picadillo-, Carré brothers, Tettamanci, Manuel Casas, Angel Castillo and others. All of them were older than him, but who really makes a huge impression in his way of thinking was Castelao, which was one of the most frequently illustrators for his works.

paragraph: Section::::Work in Madrid and novels.

paragraph: In 1914 Flórez moved to Madrid, where he worked at "El Imparcial" and "Diario ABC", where he started the parliamentary column "Acotaciones de un oyente". He had begun writing novels - "La tristeza de la paz" (1910), "La procesión de los días" (1915) and "Luz de luna" (1915), and "Volvoreta" (1917).

paragraph: Section::::Work in Madrid and novels.:In translation.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Seven Pillars"; translated by Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell, London, Macmillan and co.,ltd., (1934), 288 p.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Seduced. In:

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The sadness of Peace (1910)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The procession of Days (1914)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Moonlighting (1915)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dimensioning of a listener (Parliamentary Chronicles, 1916)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Volvoreta (1917), adapted into a film by José Antonio Nieves Conde in 1976

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Devil's Eye (1918)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Entered a Thief (1922)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vulgar tragedies of life (1922), an anthology of short stories

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bluebeard's Secret (1923)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Visions of neurasthenia (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Women's Footsteps (1924)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The seven columns (1926)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Immoral Story (1927)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The man who wanted to kill (1929), adapted for the screen by Rafael Gil in 1942 with Antonio Casal ( The man who wanted to kill and again by Rafael Gil in 1970 with Tony Leblanc ( The* man who wanted to kill )

paragraph: BULLET::::- Artificial Ghosts (1930), an anthology of short stories

paragraph: BULLET::::- Those who did not go to war (1930)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The evil Carabel (1931), adapted into a film by Edgar Neville in 1935, by Fernando Fernan Gomez in 1956 and Rafael Baledón in 1962

paragraph: BULLET::::- The man who bought a car (1932)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Knight Adventures Rogelio Amaral (1933)

paragraph: BULLET::::- An island in the Red Sea (1938)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The novel number 13 (1941)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Living Forest (1943), adapted into a film by Joseph Neches in 1945, by José Luis Cuerda in 1987 written by Rafael Azcona and Angel de la Cruz and Manolo Gomez in 2001

paragraph: BULLET::::- The bull, the bullfighter and the Cat (1946)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pelegrin system (1949)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fireworks (1954)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Goalkeeper in goal (1957)

description: Spanish writer

wikidata_label: Wenceslao Fernández Flórez

wikipedia_title: Wenceslao Fernández Flórez


text:
Bernard of Septimania
Dhuoda
Count of Auvergne
Emperor
Charles the Fat
Margrave of Aquitaine
Liber Manualis
Uzès
Louis the Pious
Margrave of Septimania
Gothia
lay abbot
Brioude
Count of Autun
Bernard of Gothia
Boso of Provence
Mâcon
Bernard I of Auvergne
Guerin I
William I of Aquitaine
Acfred I of Carcassonne

categories: Counts of Auvergne,886 deaths,9th-century people from West Francia,Counts of Barcelona,841 births,People from Uzès

paragraph: Bernard Plantapilosa

paragraph: Bernard Plantapilosa or Bernard II of Auvergne (22 March 841 – 886), or Plantevelue, son of Bernard of Septimania and Dhuoda, was the Count of Auvergne (as Bernard II) from 872 to his death. The Emperor Charles the Fat granted him the title of Margrave of Aquitaine in 885.

paragraph: His mother's "Liber Manualis" mentions that he was born at Uzès in the year following the death of Louis the Pious. He was appointed Margrave of Septimania (or Gothia) before 868. He was the lay abbot of Brioude between 857 and 868 and Count of Autun and from 864 to 869. He was deposed before 876 and replaced by Bernard of Gothia in that year. He returned to favour under Charles the Fat. In the war against Boso of Provence, he obtained the county of Mâcon.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: He married Ermengard, daughter of Bernard I of Auvergne (or perhaps of Guerin I). They had at least two children:

paragraph: BULLET::::- William I of Aquitaine

paragraph: BULLET::::- Adelinda, who married Acfred I of Carcassonne

paragraph: Section::::Etymology.

paragraph: "Plantapilosa" is often claimed to mean "Hairyfeet" or "Hairypaws". This is based on the Latin meaning "sole of foot" of "planta".

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- MacLean, Simon. "Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire". Cambridge University Press: 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hummer, Hans J. "Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600–1000". Cambridge University Press: 2005.

description: Frenkish count

wikidata_label: Bernard Plantapilosa

wikipedia_title: Bernard Plantapilosa


text: Colonel

text: CBE

text: DSO

text: British

text: soldier

text: intelligence officer

text: ornithologist

text: ornithological

text: Frederick Huth & Co.

text: Rothschilds

text: Beatrice Webb

text: London School of Economics

text: surname

text: Meinerzhagen

text: Germany

text: Philip III of Spain

text: Lazard

text: Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild

text: Aysgarth School

text: Harrow School

text: Winston Churchill

text: Hampshire Yeomanry

text: bird-watching

text: philosopher

text: Herbert Spencer

text: Charles Darwin

text: empiricist

text: Mottisfont Abbey

text: Brian Hodgson

text: Archibald Thorburn

text: Joseph Wolf

text: G.E. Lodge

text: Richard Bowdler Sharpe

text: Aldershot

text: second lieutenant

text: Royal Fusiliers

text: Mandalay

text: lieutenant

text: King's African Rifles

text: Mombasa

text: British East Africa

text: Serengeti

text: Athi

text: punitive expedition

text: Kikuyu

text: Embu

text: Nandi Resistance

text: Nandi

text: Orkoiyot

text: Koitalel Arap Samoei

text: tribal

text: South Africa

text: Cape Town

text: Mauritius

text: India

text: First World War

text: Indian Expeditionary Force

text: Schutztruppe

text: Battle of Tanga

text: Battle of Kilimanjaro

text: Distinguished Service Order

text: J.C. Smuts

text: Nili

text: Aaron Aaronsohn

text: el-Afulah

text: Sarah Aaronsohn

text: Sinai and Palestine Campaign

text: haversack

text: British

text: Ottoman military

text: Battle of Beersheba

text: Gaza

text: Kress von Kressenstein

text: Hussein Husni

text: Second World War

text: London Controlling Section

text: Mincemeat

text: D-Day

text: Paris Peace Conference

text: Edmund Allenby

text: Palestine Mandate

text: Israel

text: Jim Carter

text: Tatiana

text: Palin Commission

text: Tom Segev

text: Chaim Weizmann

text: Israel

text: Aharon Amir

text: T. E. Lawrence

text: Adolf Hitler

text: Ribbentrop

text: Rhodes House

text: Bodleian Library

text: typewriter ribbon

text: Second lieutenant

text: Lieutenant

text: Captain

text: Major

text: brevet

text: lieutenant colonel

text: colonel

text: sadistic

text: boarding school

text: Sussex

text: Gavin Maxwell

text: Salim Ali

text: Mahatma Gandhi

text: Anne Constance Jackson

text: Scottish

text: village

text: target practice

text: Storrs L. Olson

text: British Ornithologists' Club

text: Godman-Salvin Medal

text: giant African forest hog

text: Afghan snowfinch

text: Riparia rupestris theresae

text: Theresa Clay

text: Zoological Gardens

text: Giza

text: Egypt

text: Phillip Clancey

text: Arabia

text: Yemen

text: Aden

text: Somalia

text: Ethiopia

text: Kenya

text: South Africa

text: taxonomic

text: ornithologists

text: magnum opus

text: naturalist

text: George Bates

text: Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum

text: Tring

text: Hertfordshire

text: theft

text: falsification

text: Natural History Museum

text: Hugh Whistler

text: forest owlet

text: Rasmussen

text: Hampshire Yeomanry

text: Anne Constance Jackson

text: Swordale, Ross-shire

text: Tess Clay

text: target practice

text: Brian Garfield

text: Victor Rothschild

text: Ibis

text: Fortey, Richard

text: Natural history museum, London

text: Meinertzhagen Biography

text: Meet the Meinertzhagens at Mottisfont (National Trust)

text: are available

text: Meinertzhagen family photo

categories: British ornithologists,Royal Fusiliers officers,West Yorkshire Regiment officers,1878 births,British Christian Zionists,British intelligence operatives,Intelligence Corps officers,British naturalists,People educated at Aysgarth School,People involved in scientific misconduct incidents,Companions of the Distinguished Service Order,Hampshire Yeomanry soldiers,British colonial army officers,Commanders of the Order of the British Empire,British Militia officers,King's African Rifles officers,1967 deaths

paragraph: Richard Meinertzhagen

paragraph: Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen, CBE, DSO (3 March 1878 – 17 June 1967) was a British soldier, intelligence officer, and ornithologist. He had a decorated military career spanning Africa, where he was credited with creating and executing the infamous Haversack Ruse. While early biographies lionized Meinertzhagen as a master of military strategy and espionage, later works such as "The Meinertzhagen Mystery" present him as a fraud for fabricating stories of his feats and speculated he was also a murderer. The discovery of stolen museum bird specimens resubmitted as original discoveries had raised serious doubts on a number of scores as to the veracity of ornithological records he claimed, as well.

paragraph: Section::::Background and youth.

paragraph: Meinertzhagen was born into a wealthy, socially connected British family. His father, Daniel Meinertzhagen, was head of the Frederick Huth & Co. merchant-banking dynasty, which had an international reputation, that one biographer claimed in the introduction to his book was second in importance only to the Rothschilds. His mother was Georgina Potter, sister of Beatrice Webb, a co-founder of the London School of Economics. Meinertzhagen's surname derives from Meinerzhagen in Germany, the home of an ancestor. On his mother's side (the wealthy Potter family), he was of English descent. Among his relations were "many of Britain's titled, rich, and influential personages." Although he had his doubts, he also claimed to be a distant descendant of Philip III of Spain. His nephew, Daniel Meinertzhagen (1915-1991), was a chairman of Lazard. His niece, Teresa Georgina Mayor (1915-1996), married Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild.

paragraph: Young Richard was sent as a boarding student to Aysgarth School in the north of England, then was enrolled at Fonthill in Sussex, and finally at Harrow School, where his stay overlapped with that of Winston Churchill. In 1895, at the age of 18, he reluctantly obeyed his father's wishes to join the family bank as a clerk. He was assigned to offices in Cologne and Bremen. There, he picked up the German language, but remained uninterested in banking. After he returned to the bank’s home office in England in 1897, he received his father’s approval to join a territorial militia of weekend soldiers called the Hampshire Yeomanry. In 1911, he married Armorel, the daughter of Colonel Herman Le Roy-Lewis, who commanded the Hampshire Yeomanry.

paragraph: Meinertzhagen's passion for bird-watching began as a child. His brother Daniel and he were encouraged by a family friend, the philosopher Herbert Spencer, who, like another family friend, Charles Darwin, was an ardent empiricist. Spencer would take young Richard and Daniel on walks around the family home of Mottisfont Abbey, urging them to observe and enquire on the habits of birds. Around 1887, they kept a pet sparrowhawk, which was taken to Hyde Park to let it prey on sparrows. The first serious ornithologist whom Richard met was Brian Hodgson. Daniel took an interest in bird illustration, which brought them in contact with Archibald Thorburn and led to an introduction to Joseph Wolf and G.E. Lodge. They had first met Richard Bowdler Sharpe at the Natural History Museum in 1886 and noted that he was very fond of encouraging children, showing them around the bird collections.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Lacking the desire to make a career in merchant banking, Meinertzhagen took examinations for a commission in the British Army, and after training at Aldershot, was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers on 18 January 1899. He was sent to India to join a battalion of his regiment. Other than routine regimental soldiering, he participated in big-game hunting, was promoted, sent on sick leave to England, and after recovery posted to the relocated battalion at Mandalay in Burma. He was promoted lieutenant on 8 February 1900. He then started his “zealous campaign” for a transfer to Africa, and in April 1902, was seconded for service with the Foreign Office, which attached him to the 3rd (East African) Battalion of the King's African Rifles. The following month, he finally arrived at Mombasa in British East Africa.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Africa.

paragraph: Meinertzhagen was assigned as a staff officer with the King's African Rifles (KAR). Again, he participated in big-game hunting, but “regarded himself as scientist-explorer first, and only incidentally as a soldier.” His maps, landscapes, and wildlife drawings proved him an artist of exceptional talent. In 1903, he was delegated to conduct a wild animal census in the Serengeti and Athi plains.

paragraph: During Meinertzhagen's assignment to Africa, frequent native "risings and rebellions" occurred. By 1903 KAR's retaliatory ventures focused on confiscation of livestock, a highly effective form of punishment, and "the KAR had become accomplished cattle-rustlers." One such punitive expedition was commanded by a Captain F.A. Dickinson of the 3rd KAR with participation by Meinertzhagen, where more than 11,000 stock were captured at the cost of 3 men killed and 33 wounded. The body count on the African side was estimated at 1,500 from the Kikuyu and Embu tribes.

paragraph: In the Kenya Highlands in 1905, Meinertzhagen crushed a major revolt, the Nandi Resistance, by killing its leader, the Nandi Orkoiyot (spiritual leader) Koitalel Arap Samoei. He arranged a meeting to negotiate by Koitalel's home on 19 October 1905, at which he planned to assassinate him. Meinertzhagen shot Koitalel, while shaking his hand and his men machine-gunned two dozen Nandi tribesmen, including most of Koitalel's advisors. Initially, he had been able to orchestrate a cover-up and was to be commended for the incident. He claimed self defense and eventually, after a third court of inquiry, he was cleared by the presiding officer, Brig. William Manning. Meinertzhagen collected tribal artifacts after this revolt. Some of these items, including a walking stick and baton belonging to Koitalel, were returned to Kenya in 2006. Pressure from the Colonial Department on the War Office eventually brought about Meinertzhagen's removal from Africa, as "he had become a negative symbol" and on 28 May 1906 "he found himself on a ship being trundled back to England in disgrace and in disgust."

paragraph: Captain Meinertzhagen then spent the latter part of 1906 at "dreary administrative War Office desk jobs pushing papers." However, "... by making full use of his wide network of contacts in high places" he was able to rehabilitate himself and was assigned to the Fusiliers' Third Battalion in South Africa, arriving at Cape Town on 3 February 1907. He served there in 1908 and 1909, then on Mauritius. By 1913, he was again in India.

paragraph: At the beginning of the First World War, he was posted to the intelligence staff of the British Indian Expeditionary Force. His map-making skills were much valued and recognized, though his assessments of the German Schutztruppe strength and other contributions to the conduct of the Battle of Tanga and the Battle of Kilimanjaro were a complete miss. From January 1915 through August 1916, Meinertzhagen served as chief of British military intelligence for the East Africa theater at Nairobi. His diaried records of this campaign contain harsh assessments of senior officers, of the role played by the Royal Navy, and of the quality of the Indian units sent to East Africa. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in February 1916. In November of that year General J.C. Smuts ordered him invalided to England.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Sinai Desert.

paragraph: During 1917, Meinertzhagen was transferred from East Africa to be put in place at Deir-el-Belah. He made contact with Nili, a Jewish spy network headed by the agronomist Aaron Aaronsohn. Meinertzhagen later asserted that he respected Aaronsohn more than anyone else he ever met. They were instrumental in contacting Jewish officers in the Ottoman army, amongst many other sources, for information, and attempted their defection to the allies. A German Jewish doctor stationed at el-Afulah railway junction gave valuable reconnaissance reports on troop movements south. Meinertzhagen's department produced regular maps from the data showing the dispositions of enemy forces in the desert. In October 1917, the Turks broke up the network by intercepting a carrier pigeon and subjecting the Jews to hideous torture. Sarah Aaronsohn, (Aaron's sister), age 27, a key figure, committed suicide in her home after torture. Meinertzhagen's sources of information dwindled to the occasional prisoner caught out by patrols and deserters.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:The ‘Haversack Ruse’.

paragraph: He is frequently credited with a surprise attack known as the Haversack Ruse in October 1917; during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War, according to his diary, he let a haversack containing false British battle plans fall into Ottoman military hands, thereby bringing about the British victory in the Battle of Beersheba and Gaza.

paragraph: The documents were taken to Kress von Kressenstein, who examined them and doubted their authenticity. According to an account by Turkish Colonel Hussein Husni, Chief of Staff of 7th Army, Meinertzhagen's German-sounding name caused confusion in the German and Turkish staff as to why a British officer would have a German name and added to the suspicion of the inauthenticity of the documents. Von Kressenstein later wrote that he did not believe the documents were real: No changes in German-Turkish positions took place in the weeks leading up to the British operations at Beersheba or Gaza, indicating that the ruse had no effect on the decision-making of the Turkish-German leadership. To the fault of Von Kressenstein, no significant reinforcements were sent to Beersheba even though the deception was uncovered.

paragraph: Although Meinertzhagen's participation in this ruse has been thoroughly refuted (he neither planned nor executed it), his stories of the ruse themselves would have a major impact on events in the Second World War. Research conducted by Brian Garfield, author of "The Meinertzhagen Mystery", has proven that the idea was actually that of Lieutenant Colonel J.D. Belgrave, a member of Allenby’s general staff, and the rider who dropped the satchel was Arthur Neate. Arthur Neate was an active military intelligence officer at the time when a "Times" article was printed in 1927 describing the Haversack Ruse and Meinertzhagen’s (fraudulent) role in it. Neate, therefore, could not publicly refute the false claims without violating security norms, though he did finally correct the record in 1956. The true author of the ruse, Lt Col Belgrave, had never contradicted Meinertzhagen’s account because he was killed in action on 13 June 1918.

paragraph: The ruse inspired Winston Churchill to create the London Controlling Section, which planned countless Allied deception campaigns during the war, and such operations as Mincemeat and diversions covering D-Day were influenced by the Haversack Ruse.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Military Intelligence Reservations.

paragraph: Another story from 1917 refers to a number of Arab spies suspected of wandering through British lines in disguise. He caught a couple of Arabs and extracted the identity of their Ottoman paymaster, a merchant who lived in Beersheba. Meinertzhagen sent him money with an Arab he knew would talk. The merchant was executed by the Turks. "Near the end of 1917, having participated in no battles, he was ordered back to England for reassignment [and] found office duty as dreary as ever."

paragraph: Meinertzhagen was outraged by the continual sorties to bomb the enemy camp, given the bombs always missed their target, and invaluable reconnaissance planes were shot down, and with lives lost. On one such raid, as many as eight planes went down. From an intelligence viewpoint, it was pointless, as the Germans gave as good as they got in return to no overall gain. He hated the notion that the Holy City of Jerusalem would be bombed from the air, and expressed outrage when this occurred, for example, the bombing of the enemy's HQ at Mount of Olives. Allenby told him that the Turks had to be induced to escape Jerusalem, northwards if possible, so a boundary was set at 6 miles, a no-fighting zone to facilitate their flight.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Palestine and Israel.

paragraph: From the spring of 1918 until August, he commuted between England and France, delivering lectures on intelligence to groups of officers – then was assigned full-time to France at GHQ. After the armistice, he attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and was Edmund Allenby's chief political officer, involved in the creation of the Palestine Mandate, which eventually led to the creation of the state of Israel. In the film "" (1990), which depicted the Paris Peace Conference, Meinertzhagen was a major character and was played by Jim Carter. His unpublished diaries hint, among other exploits, at a successful rescue attempt of one of the Czarist-Russian Grand Duchesses, possibly Tatiana (see "The Romanov Conspiracies" by Michael Occleshaw).

paragraph: In the August 1920 Report of the Palin Commission, Meinertzhagen was attacked for an alleged bias:

paragraph: Israeli historian Tom Segev considers Meinertzhagen both a "great antisemite and a great Zionist," quoting from his "Middle East Diary": "I am imbued with antisemitic feelings. It was indeed an accursed day that allowed Jews and not Christians to introduce to the world the principles of Zionism and that allowed Jewish brains and Jewish money to carry them out, almost unhelped by Christians save a handful of enthusiasts in England."

paragraph: Meinertzhagen was and is considered, however, a true and valued friend of Zionism. "On 3 December 1947, four days after the UN voted in favour of partition in Palestine, Dr Chaim Weizmann, the modern State of Israel's first president, cabled Col. Richard Meinertzhagen to say, “To you dear friend we owe so much that I can only express it in simple words – May God Bless You”.

paragraph: In Weizmann's biography, he wrote of Meinertzhagen,“At our first meeting, he told me the following story of himself: he had been an anti-Semite, though all he had known about Jews had been what he picked up in a few casual, anti-Semitic books. But he had also met some of the rich Jews, who had not been particularly attractive. But then, in the Near East, he had come across Aaron Aaronsohn, a Palestinian Jew, also a man of great courage and superior intelligence, devoted to Palestine. Aaronson was a botanist, and the discoverer of wild wheat. With Aaronson, Meinertzhagen had many talks about Palestine, and was so impressed by him that he completely changed his mind and became an ardent Zionist – which he has remained till this day. And that not merely in words. Whenever he can perform a service for the Jews or Palestine he will go out of his way to do so.

paragraph: Meinertzhagen wrote in his book, "Middle East Diary", “But thank God I have lived to see the birth of Israel. It is one of the greatest historical events of the last 2,000 years and thank God I have been privileged to assist in a small way this great event which, I am convinced, will bring benefit to mankind”.

paragraph: In 1973 "Middle East Diary" was published in Hebrew, translated by Aharon Amir.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Diaries.

paragraph: Meinertzhagen was a prolific diarist and published four books based on these diaries. However, his "Middle East Diary" contains entries that are in all probability fictional, including those on T. E. Lawrence and a bit of absurd slapstick concerning Adolf Hitler. In October 1934, Meinertzhagen claimed to have mocked Hitler in response to being "baffled when Hitler raised his arm in the Nazi salute and said, 'Heil Hitler.' After a moment's thought, Meinertzhagen says he raised his own arm in an identical salute and proclaimed, 'Heil Meinertzhagen'." He claimed to have carried a loaded pistol in his coat pocket at a meeting with Hitler and Ribbentrop in July 1939 and was "seriously troubled" about not shooting when he had the chance, adding "... [I]f this war breaks out, as I feel sure it will, then I shall feel very much to blame for not killing these two."

paragraph: Authors Lockman and Garfield show that Meinertzhagen later falsified his entries. The original diaries are kept at Rhodes House (the Bodleian Library), Oxford, and contain differences in the paper used for certain entries as well as in the typewriter ribbon used, and oddities exist in the page numbering.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Dates of promotions.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second lieutenant on 18 January 1899

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lieutenant on 8 February 1900

paragraph: BULLET::::- Captain in February 1905

paragraph: BULLET::::- Major in September 1915

paragraph: BULLET::::- brevet lieutenant colonel in March 1918

paragraph: BULLET::::- brevet colonel in August 1918, but he was a major when he retired from the Army in 1925. Upon retirement, British officers are granted title and pension of the highest rank held while on active duty, thus he had the right to call himself "Colonel".

paragraph: He was reinstated as a lieutenant colonel in 1939 in Military Intelligence, G.S.O.-3 (General Staff Officer, 3rd grade); the nature of his duties was confined mainly to public-relations work.

paragraph: Section::::Character.

paragraph: Meinertzhagen has inspired three biographies since his death in 1967. Early biographers largely lionized him as a grand elder statesman of espionage and ornithology.

paragraph: T. E. Lawrence, a sometime colleague in 1919 and again 1921, described him more ambiguously and with due attention to his violence:

paragraph: Meinertzhagen himself traced the "evil" side of his personality to a period during his childhood when he was subjected to severe physical abuse at the hands of a sadistic schoolmaster when he was at Fonthill boarding school in Sussex:

paragraph: Gavin Maxwell wrote about how his parents would scare him and other children to behave themselves when Meinertzhagen visited with "... remember ... he has killed people with his bare hands..." Salim Ali noted Meinertzhagen's special hatred for Mahatma Gandhi and his refusal to believe that Indians could govern themselves.

paragraph: In "The Meinertzhagen Mystery", Garfield presents a fuller perspective of Meinertzhagen as not only a fraud, but also a murderer. The book argues many of Meinertzhagen's accomplishments were myths, including the famous haversack incident, which Garfield claims Meinertzhagen neither came up with nor carried out. In another example, Garfield researched Meinertzhagen diary records, noting three meetings on separate dates with Adolf Hitler. Although Meinertzhagen was in Berlin on these dates in 1934, 1935, and 1939, Garfield found no record of any of these alleged meetings in surviving German chancellory records, British embassy files, British intelligence reports, or newspapers of the day.

paragraph: Garfield's research leads him to speculate that Richard also killed his second wife, Annie (born Anne Constance Jackson daughter of Major Randle Jackson of Swordale, married Meinertzhagen in 1921), an ornithologist, and that her death was not an accident as claimed and ruled in court. She died in 1928 at age 40 in a remote Scottish village in an incident that was officially ruled a shooting accident. The finding was that she accidentally shot herself in the head with a revolver during target practice alone with Richard, but Garfield argues Meinertzhagen shot her out of fear that she would expose him and his fraudulent activities. Storrs L. Olson has pointed out some errors in Garfield's research, while confirming the validity of its overall negative tone.

paragraph: Section::::Zoology.

paragraph: As Garfield writes, "From boyhood on, [Meinertzhagen] had been in tune with nature; he took photographs, made drawings, and provided armchair tourists with keen descriptions of rain forests and snowy mountains ... and discovered new (previously unrecorded) species of bats, birds, and "mallophaga" (bird lice)". He became a chairman of the British Ornithologists' Club and a recipient in 1951 of the Godman-Salvin Medal; the British Museum (Natural History) named a room after him.

paragraph: Meinertzhagen "first achieved a sliver of international fame when he discovered, killed, stuffed, and shipped back to London the first known to Europeans giant African forest hog, soon dubbed "Hylochoerus meinertzhageni", and attributed to Richard Meinertzhagen". At that time, while on active duty in 1903, he was "fearlessly exploring and mapping areas no European had seen before." He later also discovered the Afghan snowfinch or "Montifringilla theresae", and the Moroccan "Riparia rupestris theresae" and named them, and 10 others, after Theresa Clay.

paragraph: He edited "Nicoll's Birds of Egypt" in 1930. Michael J. Nicoll was a friend and assistant director of the Zoological Gardens at Giza; Nicoll attempted to write a comprehensive guide to the ornithology of Egypt, but died in 1925 before it could be published. The work was finished by Meinertzhagen with contributions of his own independent research and illustrations. It was printed with the title "that seems appropriate," ""Nicoll's Birds of Egypt" by Col. R. Meinertzhagen."

paragraph: In 1948–49, he was accompanied by Dr. Phillip Clancey on an ornithological expedition to Arabia, Yemen, Aden, Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Africa. As the author of numerous taxonomic and other works on birds, and possessing a vast collection of bird and bird lice specimens, he was long considered one of Britain's greatest ornithologists. Garfield, however, claims Meinhertzhagen's "magnum opus", "Birds of Arabia" (1954), was based on the unpublished manuscript of another naturalist, George Bates, who has been insufficiently credited in the work.

paragraph: In the 1990s, an analysis of Meinertzhagen's bird collection at the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum in Tring, Hertfordshire, revealed large-scale fraud involving theft and falsification. The birds claimed as specimens collected by Meinhertzhagen matched with the ones that had been reported missing and the examination of the style of specimen preparation and the DNA sequences of the cotton used inside them matched the cotton used in other specimens prepared by the collectors of the stolen specimens. This also corroborated hear-say and other evidence on the specimen fraud. Many of the specimens that he submitted as his own were found to be missing samples belonging to the Natural History Museum and collected by others, such as Hugh Whistler. A species of owl, the forest owlet, thought to have gone extinct, was rediscovered in 1997 based on searches made in the locality where the original specimens were collected. Searches for the bird had failed before as these were made in a locality falsely claimed by Meinertzhagen. More research by Rasmussen and Robert Prŷs-Jones indicates the fraud was even more extensive than first thought.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: In 1911, Meinertzhagen married Armorel, the daughter of Colonel Herman Le Roy-Lewis, who commanded the Hampshire Yeomanry. This marriage was dissolved in 1919.

paragraph: In 1921, Meinertzhagen married Anne Constance Jackson, a fellow ornithologist and the daughter of Major Randle Jackson of Swordale, Ross-shire in Scotland. They had three children: Anne (born 1921), Daniel (born 1925), and Randle (born 1928). From about 1926, Meinertzhagen started to have a cold relationship with his wife and became increasingly close with his cousin Tess Clay, then aged 15 - spending much time with her sisters and her.

paragraph: In 1928, three months after the birth of Randle, Anne was killed, aged 40, at her birth village of Swordale. The finding, ruled in court, was that she accidentally shot herself in the head with a revolver during target practice alone with Richard. As noted above, Brian Garfield's research led him to speculate that in fact she was murdered by Meinertzhagen, out of fear that she would expose him and his fraudulent activities.. This idea was never conclusively proved or disproved.

paragraph: Annie Constance Meinertzhagen left ₤113,466 (net personalty ₤18,733) in her will to her husband if he remained her widower, while if he remarried, he was to get an annuity of ₤1200 and interest in their London home for life..

paragraph: In fact, Meinertzhagen never married again, but had a lasting relationship with Tess Clay, more than three decades his junior. The unmarried couple lived in adjacent buildings originally constructed with an internal passage connecting the foyers of the two houses. Clay was his housekeeper, secretary, "confidante", and later scientific partner who studied and eventually documented the vast collections of bird lice that Meinertzhagen had gathered. When they traveled, they sometimes took separate rooms. He introduced her as his housekeeper or cousin or sometimes, inaccurately, as his niece. If Meinertzhagen and Clay's relationship was "physical" is unknown; Meinertzhagen's friend Victor Rothschild asked Meinertzhagen this outright, but was told "in no uncertain terms to shut up"; and a 1951 article in "TIME" referred to their relationship with "wink-wink, nudge-nudge innuendo".

paragraph: Section::::Published works.

paragraph: Meinertzhagen wrote numerous papers for scientific journals such as the "Ibis", as well as reports on intelligence work while in the army. Books authored or edited by him include:

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1930 – "Nicoll's Birds of Egypt". (Ed), (2 vols). London: Hugh Rees

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1947 – "The Life of a Boy: Daniel Meinertzhagen, 1925–1944". Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1954 – "Birds of Arabia". Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1957 – "Kenya Diary 1902–1906". Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd.

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 – "Middle East Diary, 1917–1956". London: Cresset Press

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1959 – "Pirates and Predators. The piratical and predatory habits of birds". Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1960 – "Army Diary 1899–1926". Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd

paragraph: BULLET::::- 1964 – "Diary of a Black Sheep". Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Own writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Middle East Diary, 1917–1956, London, 1959

paragraph: BULLET::::- Army Diary, 1899–1926, Edinburgh, 1960

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Primary and secondary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ali, Salim. "The Fall of a Sparrow". Delhi: Oxford University Press. 1985. xv, 265 pp.,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Boxall, Peter. "The legendary Richard Meinertzhagen." "The Army Quarterly and Defence Journal", [October 1990] 120(4): pp. 459–462

paragraph: BULLET::::- Capstick, P.H. "Warrior: The Legend of Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen". 1998,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cocker, Mark. "Richard Meinertzhagen. Soldier, Scientist and Spy". London: Secker & Warburg. 1989. 292 pp.,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dalton, R. "Ornithologists stunned by bird collector's deceit." "Nature" [September 2005] 437(7057): pp. 302–3

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fortey, Richard. "Dry Store Room No. 1: The Secret Life of the Natural History Museum". New York: Harper Collins. 2008,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Judd, Alan. "Eccentric hero." "New Statesman and Society" [23 June 1989] 2(55): pp. 37–38

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lockman, J. N. "Meinertzhagen's Diary Ruse". 1995, p. 114,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lord, John. "Duty, Honour, Empire". New York: Random House. 1970,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Occleshaw, Michael. "The Romanov Conspiracies". London: Chapman Publishers. 1993, ASIN: B000M6DS1A

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060613053236/http://special.newsroom.msu.edu/rasmussen/documents/Rasmussen%20New%20Yorker%20article.pdf Seabrook, J. "Ruffled Feathers", "The New Yorker" [29 May 2006], p. 59

paragraph: BULLET::::- Natural history museum, London

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meinertzhagen Biography

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meet the Meinertzhagens at Mottisfont (National Trust)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ; more details are available.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Meinertzhagen family photo (image and names of sitters)

alias:
Richard Henry Meinertzhagen CBE DSO
Richard Henry Meinertzhagen
Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen
Colonel Richard Henry Meinertzhagen
Colonel Richard Henry Meinertzhagen CBE
Richard Henry Meinertzhagen CBE

description: British soldier, intelligence officer and ornithologist known for theft and falsification of specimens

wikidata_label: Richard Meinertzhagen

wikipedia_title: Richard Meinertzhagen


text:
Arabic
Malayan
Malacca
munshi
Jeddah
Ottoman Empire
Hadhrami
Arab
Tamil
Malay
Jawi Peranakan
Malay Archipelago
British
Dutch
Tamil
Yemeni
Malay
Indian
Straits Settlements
Stamford Raffles
Gospel
London Missionary Society
American Board of Missions
Hajj
Jeddah
Hikayat Abdullah
Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan
Kelantan
Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah
pilgrimage
Mecca
Hikayat Abdullah
Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan
Malay rulers
Sultan
Jalan Munshi Abdullah
Kuala Lumpur
Dang Wangi
Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman
Masjid Jamek
Jalan Ampang
Jalan Dang Wangi
Melaka
national highway 5
Jelutong
George Town, Penang

categories: Malaysian people of Yemeni descent,1854 deaths,Malaysian people of Indian descent,Malaysian journalists,Malaysian Muslims,1796 births,Malaysian writers,Malaysian people of Tamil descent,Hadhrami people,People from Malacca

paragraph: Abdullah Abdul Kadir

paragraph: Abdullah bin Abdul al Kadir (1796–1854) (Arabic: عبد الله بن عبد القادر ') also known as Munshi Abdullah, was a Malayan writer of mixed ancestry. He was a famous Malacca-born munshi of Singapore and died in Jeddah, a part of the Ottoman Empire.

paragraph: Munshi Abdullah has been popularly regarded as among the most cultured Malays who ever wrote, one of the greatest innovators in Malay letters and the father of modern Malay literature.

paragraph: The term "Munshi" means "teacher" or "educator". Munshi Abdullah was a great-grandson of a Hadhrami Arab trader, and also had Tamil and to a smaller extent, Malay ancestry. Owing to his ethnic and religious background, the Malays would refer to him as a "Jawi Peranakan" or "Jawi Pekan".

paragraph: Munshi Abdullah followed his father's career path as a translator and teacher of colonial officials in the Malay Archipelago, mainly the British and the Dutch.

paragraph: J.T. Thomson, a contemporary of Abdullah, described him thus: "In physiognomy he was a Tamilian of southern Hindustan: slightly bent forward, spare, energetic, bronze in complexion, oval-faced, high-nosed, one eye squinting outwards a little. He dressed in the usual style of Malacca Tamils. Acheen "seluar", check "sarong", printed "baju", square skull cap and sandals. He had the vigour and pride of the Arab, the perseverance and subtlety of the Hindoo - in language and national sympathy only was he a Malay."

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Munshi Abdullah was born in Kampung Pali in Malacca, from parents of Tamil and Yemeni descent. He was the youngest of five sons. All of his brothers died in infancy. He was sick most of the time and his mother took great care of him. As per the customary practices of the Malay community of that period, he was taken care of by various individuals as it was held that a child with poor immunity to diseases should be cared for by caretakers other than his or her biological parents. Munshi Abdullah was critical of the practice, describing it as stupid in the "Hikayat Abdullah". He became a teacher or "munshi", first by teaching Malay to the Indian soldiers of the Malacca Garrison. He then taught the Malay language to British and American missionaries and businessmen. He became a functionary in the Straits Settlements next. He became a scribe and copyist for Sir Stamford Raffles, followed by, in 1815, becoming translator of the Gospels and other text for the London Missionary Society. He also worked with the American Board of Missions.

paragraph: Abdullah set sail for Mecca from Singapore in 1854 with the intention of completing the Hajj pilgrimage. He died of cholera shortly after his arrival in Mecca and before he could complete his pilgrimage, some time between May 8 and 18, 1854. He was 59 years old at the time of his death. The "Kisah pelayaran Abdullah dari Singapura sampai ke Mekah" (The story of Abdulllah's voyage from Singapore to Mecca), one of Abdullah's lesser-known works, records his experiences on the journey to Mecca. There is some controversy over the exact time and location of his death, with some scholars arguing that he died in Jeddah in October 1854 at the age of 58, before reaching Mecca.

paragraph: Section::::Works.

paragraph: His writing career took off after a missionary, Alfred North, encouraged him to write an autobiography after reading Abdullah's account of a voyage along the east coast of Malaya. His most important works are the "Hikayat Abdullah" (an autobiography), "Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan" (an account of his trip for the government to Kelantan), and "Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah" (a narrative of his pilgrimage to Mecca 1854). His work was an inspiration to future generations of writers and marks an early stage in the transition from classical Malay literature to modern Malay literature.

paragraph: "Hikayat Abdullah" was the major literary work of Munshi Abdullah. It was completed in 1843 and first published in 1849, making it one of the first Malay literary texts to be published commercially. Abdullah's authorship was prominently displayed in this text and the contents were conveyed in simple, contemporary Malay. Unlike typical classical Malay literary works that contain fantasies and legendary stories, Abdullah's work was realistic. The book remains a reliable and accurate reference on early Malay history to this day.

paragraph: Abdullah was known as an ardent critic of the Malay political system of "Kerajaan" ("kingship"). His work, "Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan" contained his advice to Malay rulers and comparisons he made between the British system of governing and that of Malay rulers.

paragraph: Abdullah argued that the system of "Kerajaan" was detrimental to the Malay individual, as it was an impediment to the social improvement of the Malays. The Malay Sultan was deemed to be someone who was selfish, with no concern toward his subjects, to the extent they were treated like animals rather than humans.

paragraph: The idea of modernity and striving for excellence within the Malay community stemmed from his ideas and stinging criticisms of the ancient Malay polity of the "Kerajaan". Under the "Kerajaan", the Malays were deprived of education and hence they were easily oppressed. Without education, they did not have the ability to question the injustice meted out to them and could not take the initiative to institute changes to improve their lives.

paragraph: Although the condemnation may be exaggerated, Munshi Abdullah's allegations were not without basis. He is regarded by many to be the first Malayan journalist, taking Malay literature out of its preoccupation with folk-stories and legends into accurate historical descriptions.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.:Places named after him.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jalan Munshi Abdullah in downtown Kuala Lumpur, in the Dang Wangi ward near Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman and Masjid Jamek. This road connects Jalan Ampang to Jalan Dang Wangi.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jalan Munshi Abdullah in the historical core of Melaka, part of national highway 5.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Jalan Munshi Abdullah in the residential area of Taman Abidin, Jelutong district, George Town, Penang.

description: Malay author, translator and teacher

wikidata_label: Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir

wikipedia_title: Abdullah Abdul Kadir


text:
Brussels
Laurent Delvaux
Neoclassicism
Austrian Netherlands
Maria Theresa
Napoleon
William I of the Netherlands
Belgian Federal Parliament
Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
Prix Godecharle
Prix Godecharle
Rome Prize

categories: Neoclassical sculptors,Belgian sculptors,1750 births

paragraph: Gilles-Lambert Godecharle

paragraph: Gilles-Lambert Godecharle (2 December 1750 in Brussels − 24 February 1835 in Brussels) was a Belgian sculptor, a pupil of Laurent Delvaux, "the only sculptor of international repute in Delvaux's retinue", who became one of two outstanding representatives of Neoclassicism in the Austrian Netherlands.

paragraph: In response to his early promise, empress Maria Theresa awarded him a stipend that enabled him to travel for his studies, first to Paris, then to Rome. He received official commissions under Napoleon and under William I of the Netherlands.

paragraph: His pediment sculptures for the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate of the Austrian Netherlands, now the Belgian Federal Parliament, Brussels, (1781–82) are his most prominent public commission, represented today by a careful copy following his models conserved at the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels but by far the greatest part of his output was in portrait busts.

paragraph: His son Napoleon Godecharle bequeathed an important part of the family fortune to the City of Brussels, to establish the Prix Godecharle for painters, sculptors and architects.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prix Godecharle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rome Prize

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Fondation Godecharle  (in French) and (in Dutch)

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of the famous artists, jury’s members of the contest Godecharle since its creation

description: sculptor

wikidata_label: Gilles-Lambert Godecharle

wikipedia_title: Gilles-Lambert Godecharle