text:
senator
suffect consul
provincial
nundinium
Publius Septimius Aper
Cappadocia
Roman war with Parthia
Euphrates
Marcus Statius Priscus
Poitiers
Lemonum
Roman Gaul
Pictones
Lucian of Samosata
Claudius
Flavians
Ancient Greek
Sedatii
Loire
Ostia
Rome
Julio-Claudian dynasty
Julia Rufina
magisterial
Quaestor
Sicily
senator
Hadrian
tribune of the plebs
patron
Cadurci
Cahors
praetor
Legio V Macedonica
Troesmis
Moesia Inferior
curator
Via Flaminia
Roman Dacia
Legio XIII Gemina
Sarmizegetusa
Antoninus Pius
Publius Septumius Aper
Septimius Severus
Cappadocia
Marcel Le Glay
Publius Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus
Asia
Alexander of Abonoteichus
Lucian
Zela
Greek
Sebastopolis
Vologases IV
invaded Armenia
Sohaemus
Pacoras
Armenia
Alexander of Abonutichus
Glycon
Publius Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus
Asia
legion
IX "Hispana"
Euphrates
Marcus Statius Priscus
XXII Deiotariana
IX Hispana
Lucius Verus
Marcus Aurelius
sack
Prosopographia Imperii Romani

categories: Roman generals killed in action,Roman governors of Dacia,Imperial Roman consuls,160s deaths,Sedatii,105 births,2nd-century Gallo-Roman people,Ancient Roman generals,Roman governors of Cappadocia

paragraph: Marcus Sedatius Severianus

paragraph: Marcus Sedatius Severianus (105-161 or 162) was a Roman senator, suffect consul, and general during the 2nd century AD, originally from Gaul. Severianus was a provincial governor and later a provincial consul. The peak of his career was as suffect consul for the "nundinium" of July–September 153 as the colleague of Publius Septimius Aper. He was governor of Cappadocia at the start of the Roman war with Parthia, during which he was convinced by the untrustworthy oracle to invade Armenia in 161. Sedatius committed suicide while under siege in the Armenian city of Elegeia, on the upper Euphrates. The legion he led was wiped out shortly after. He was replaced as governor of Cappadocia by Marcus Statius Priscus.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: A Roman inscription found in modern Poitiers mentioning Severianus establishes this as his birthplace. The city was than known as Lemonum; it was in Roman Gaul, in an area inhabited by the Pictones. His Gallic origins are also briefly mentioned by Lucian of Samosata. Another inscription mentions that Severianus is from the tribe "Quirina", which indicates that his ancestors had become Roman under either Claudius or the Flavians. Nearly all of the inhabitants of Gaul had become Quirites during the 1st century.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Severinus' full pedigree was: "Marcus Sedatius C. f." [i.e. "Gaii filius"] "Severianus Iulius Acer Metillius Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor". The transliteration of his name into Ancient Greek was: "Μ. Σηδάτιος Σεουηριανὸς";

paragraph: The power of Severianus' wealthy family, the Sedatii, came from trade and commerce. The Sedatii depended on the Loire river, and were known to have had interests in Ostia, the port of Rome. The social and political rise of the Sedatii illustrates the decline of the aristocratic Iulii who had been the leading class in Roman Gaul since the time of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, the first dynasty of Roman emperors. The possible marriage of Severianus' father to Julia Rufina may have been a way of confirming the association between winemakers and land owners in Gaul.

paragraph: Severianus is known to have had at least one son, Marcus Sedatius Severus Julius Reginus Gallus. All that is known of his son's career is that he was the patron of a college in Ostia. The name Julius Reginus probably came to him from his mother, Severianus' wife. It has been suggested that Severianus was adopted by his father-in-law. If true, this would mean that Sevarianus inherited the name from his mother.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: The first magisterial position which we know Severianus held was that of Quaestor of Sicily; he would have supervised the provincial treasury and audited its accounts. Once having served as a quaestor, a man was eligible to be appointed to the Senate. The political authority of the Senate was negligible, as the Emperor held the true power of the state. Membership of the Senate was sought after by individuals seeking prestige and social standing, rather than executive authority. Severianus probably became a senator late in the reign of Hadrian (). He is first mentioned as a senator in inscriptions from Ostia in the 140s. The traditional Republican magistracy of tribune of the plebs followed, another prestigious position which had lost its independence and most of its practical functions. He is also recorded as having been the patron of a city, probably Cadurci (now Cahors) in Gaul. Next he served as a praetor, commanding the Legio V Macedonica which was stationed in Troesmis in Moesia Inferior (which roughly corresponds to modern Serbia. He was then appointed "curator", or overseer, of the "Via Flaminia", the major road north from Rome over the Apennines.

paragraph: Severianus was governor of Roman Dacia and commander of Legio XIII Gemina, which was stationed there, from 151 to 152. This is attested by many inscriptions from Dacia. Two inscriptions from Sarmizegetusa, the capital of Dacia, give his full name and states that he is the patron of the city. The monuments that hold the inscriptions were erected after his consulship. Sarmizegetusa sent a message to Rome to congratulate Severianus and express its gratitude to him for his administration.

paragraph: In 153 Severianus was appointed consul for part of the year, from July to September, by Emperor Antoninus Pius. A consulship was the highest honour of the Roman state, and candidates were chosen carefully by the emperor. He served alongside Publius Septumius Aper, great-uncle of the future emperor Septimius Severus.

paragraph: Section::::Cappadocia.

paragraph: Severianus is best known as the governor of Cappadocia in the late 150s. The position was important, for Cappadocia was a border province, which is why Severianus, with his military background and experience of frontier provinces, was assigned. He was allocated two legions. Historian Marcel Le Glay suggests that his promotion was due to the support of Publius Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus, the governor of Asia who is famous as a follower of Alexander of Abonoteichus thanks to the works of Lucian. In Cappadocia, his actions also seem to have been popular: on an inscription from Zela he is honored as the benefactor (Greek: "evergetes") and founder (Greek: "ktistes") of the city. Severianus also appears on an inscription in Sebastopolis.

paragraph: Section::::Cappadocia.:War with Parthia.

paragraph: In the summer of 161, the Parthian Vologases IV invaded Armenia, expelled the ruler Sohaemus placed there by the Romans, and installed his own relative Pacoras as king. Being governor of Cappadocia meant Severianus would be on the front line of any conflict involving Armenia, The confidence man Alexander of Abonutichus, a prophet who carried a snake named Glycon around with him, had enraptured Severianus, as he had many others. Father-in-law to the respected senator Publius Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus, then proconsul of Asia, Alexander was friends with many members of the elite of the eastern part of the empire. He convinced Severianus that he could defeat the Parthians easily, and win glory for himself.Severianus led a legion (perhaps the IX "Hispana") into Armenia, but was trapped by the Parthian general Chosrhoes at Elegia, a town just beyond the Cappadocian frontiers, near the headwaters of the Euphrates. Severianus made some attempt to fight Chosrhoes, but soon realized the futility of his campaign, and committed suicide. His legion was massacred. The campaign had only lasted three days. He was replaced as governor of Cappadocia by Marcus Statius Priscus.

paragraph: Some historians believe that the defeat of Severianus at Elegeia explains the disappearance of the legions XXII Deiotariana and IX Hispana, but no proof exists that could confirm this hypothesis; the fate of the two legions is still controversial.

paragraph: Section::::Aftermath.

paragraph: The governor of Syria was also defeated by the Parthians. Co-Emperor Lucius Verus (he ruled with his adoptive brother Marcus Aurelius) took command against the Parthians and brought in reinforcements on a large scale. These included four whole legions and large detachments from many others. The war ended in a Roman victory five years later, with the capture and sack of the Parthian capital.

paragraph: Section::::Family tree.

paragraph: !colspan= | Family tree of Sedatius

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prosopographia Imperii Romani, S 231

description: Roman consul

wikidata_label: Marcus Sedatius Severianus

wikipedia_title: Marcus Sedatius Severianus


text:
American football
running back
National Football League
IMG Academy
fullback
East Carolina University
Kappa Alpha Psi
drafted
Cleveland Browns
1984 NFL Draft
Washington Redskins
Baltimore Ravens
Kevin Mack
Denver Broncos
1987
AFC Championship game
Kosar
Jeremiah Castille
The Fumble
Washington Redskins
Mike Oliphant
Super Bowl XXVI
Pro Bowl
70 Greatest Redskins
Baltimore Ravens
Joe Gibbs
Jacksonville Jaguars
Kennedy Pola
Tennessee Titans bio

categories: American football fullbacks,East Carolina Pirates football players,Washington Redskins players,Cleveland Browns players,Super Bowl champions,American football running backs,Jacksonville Jaguars coaches,Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches,People from Milledgeville, Georgia,Washington Redskins coaches,National Conference Pro Bowl players,1962 births,Tennessee Titans coaches,Baltimore Ravens players,Living people,Baltimore Ravens coaches

paragraph: Earnest Byner

paragraph: Earnest Alexander Byner (born September 15, 1962) is a former American football running back in the National Football League. He is now the running back coach of IMG Academy, a comprehensive football camp that is featured in "NFL Undiscovered", a documentary for international prospects.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Playing career.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Playing career.:East Carolina University (1980–83).

paragraph: Byner was a fullback at East Carolina University from 1980 to 1983 where he gained 2,049 yards on 378 carries. Byner was inducted into the East Carolina Hall of Fame in 1998. He is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Playing career.:National Football League (1984–1997).

paragraph: Byner was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the tenth round (280th pick overall) of the 1984 NFL Draft. He played for the Browns (1984–1988; 1994–1995), Washington Redskins (1989–1993) and the Baltimore Ravens (1996–1997). He finished his 14-year NFL career ranked 16th on the NFL's all-time rushing list with 8,261 yards on 2,095 carries, with 56 touchdowns. He also caught 512 passes for 4,605 yards and 15 touchdowns, returned 33 kickoffs for 576 yards, and scored a touchdown on a recovered fumble, totaling 13,442 all-purpose yards and 72 career scores. In addition to his #16 rushing yards ranking at the time of his retirement, Byner finished his career within the NFL's top 50 all-time leaders in rushing attempts, rushing touchdowns, and total yards. Byner's 512 receptions is tied for 13th most by halfback/fullback/running back in NFL history as of 2018.

paragraph: A productive, reliable running back who could rush, block and catch the ball out of the backfield, Byner was a popular player in Cleveland. Paired with power runner Kevin Mack in the Brown backfield, the pair both gained over 1,000 yards in the 1985 season. Byner helped the Browns reach the AFC Championship game in both 1986 and 1987 seasons, meeting the Denver Broncos in both games.

paragraph: In the 1987 AFC Championship game he was instrumental in a Browns comeback from a 21–3 deficit to place the Browns in position to win the game. With the score tied at 31 midway through the 4th quarter, the Broncos scored a go-ahead touchdown to make the score 38–31 with six minutes to play. In the ensuing Cleveland drive the Browns worked the ball down the field to reach the Denver 8 yard line with a little over a minute left in the game. On the next play Byner took the Kosar handoff to run off left tackle. Byner powered past the Bronco line and looked sure to score a game-tying touchdown when Bronco defensive back Jeremiah Castille managed to strip him of the ball. The play, now known simply as The Fumble, became the play for which Byner is best remembered. The fumble marred an otherwise impressive performance, as he finished the game with 67 rushing yards, seven receptions for 120 yards, and two touchdowns.

paragraph: Byner played another season with Cleveland before being traded to the Washington Redskins for running back Mike Oliphant before the start of the 1989 season. In Super Bowl XXVI, in 1992, he caught a touchdown pass in the second quarter, and the Redskins won, giving him the NFL Championship he could not win with the Browns.

paragraph: Byner was a Pro Bowl selection in 1990 when he ranked fourth in the NFL with 1,219 yards rushing and in 1991 when he ranked fifth in the NFL with 1,048 yards rushing. His time with the Redskins earned him a position as one of the franchise's 70 Greatest Redskins.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-playing career.:Baltimore Ravens.

paragraph: He worked in the Baltimore Ravens front office as the Director of Player Development after retiring as a player. He was the first player to be inducted into the Ravens' Ring of Honor in 2000.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-playing career.:Washington Redskins.

paragraph: In January 2004, Byner was hired to be the Running Backs Coach on Joe Gibbs' staff. He held the same position with the Redskins organization for four seasons.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-playing career.:Tennessee Titans.

paragraph: On March 10, 2008, Byner was officially announced as the Running Back Coach for the Tennessee Titans. He was replaced by the Tennessee Titans on January 25, 2010 by former Running Back coach for the Jacksonville Jaguars, Kennedy Pola.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-playing career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.

paragraph: He was named the Jacksonville Jaguars running backs coach on February 4, 2010.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.:Post-playing career.:Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

paragraph: He was named Buccaneers running backs coach on February 19, 2012. He was let go after the 2013 season.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tennessee Titans bio

description: American sportsperson and gridiron football player

wikidata_label: Earnest Byner

wikipedia_title: Earnest Byner


text:
American football
wide receiver
New York Jets
National Football League
Pro Bowl
Newport News Peninsula District
triple jump
long jump
Menchville High School
football
University of Wisconsin–Madison
New York Jets
1985 NFL Draft
1988 season
concussion
board of directors
National Guardian Life
Green Bay Packers
post-concussion syndrome
Nick
Middleton, Wisconsin
New Orleans Saints
2012 NFL Draft
University of Michigan
Middleton High School

categories: Sportspeople from Newport News, Virginia,African-American players of American football,1963 births,American football wide receivers,New York Jets players,Living people,Wisconsin Badgers football players

paragraph: Al Toon

paragraph: Albert Lee Toon Jr. (born April 30, 1963) is a former professional American football wide receiver player who played for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons. A two-time First Team All Big 10 pick at the University of Wisconsin, Toon set several school football records for the Wisconsin Badgers. The three-time Pro Bowl selectee played his entire NFL career with the Jets (1985-1992), leading his team and the league in receptions during the late 1980s. He is considered to be among the Jets' all-time greatest wide receivers and overall players in franchise history.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: In high school Toon was well known for his accomplishments in track and field. Toon is one of three Newport News Peninsula District athletes to surpass 50 feet in the triple jump, which he did three times. He reached 23 feet in the long jump. Toon used that jumping ability as a wide receiver on Menchville High School's football team.

paragraph: Toon played football and ran track at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1981 to 1984. Toon set a Big 10 single game receiver record while at the UW and established new school career football records for receptions (131), receiving yards (2,103) and touchdown catches (19) at the end of this three season tenure for the Wisconsin Badgers. He also set Big 10 and school records in track and field in the Triple Jump while qualifying for the Olympic Trials in 1983 in the 110 High Hurdles and the Triple Jump.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: He was selected by the New York Jets in the 1st round (10th overall) of the 1985 NFL Draft. Toon managed to become the Jets' second leading receiver during his 1985 rookie season. He was selected to the Pro Bowl three times. Toon's best year as a pro came in the 1988 season when he led the league with 93 receptions. Toon retired at the age of 29 in 1992 as a result of suffering at least nine concussions over his eight-year career.

paragraph: Toon is one of two retired players in NFL history to play less than 110 games and still record over 500 receptions. The other is Hall of Famer Kellen Winslow Sr.

paragraph: Section::::After football.

paragraph: In 1995, he was one of nine founding members of Capitol Bank, a local community bank on whose board of directors he still serves. He was previously a president of the University of Wisconsin's National W Club, a varsity letter winners club. He also developed AT8 Companies to own, develop, and manage his commercial real estate portfolio. He also became both a Taco Bell franchisee and Hilton Garden Inn franchisee after his 8-year NFL stint. Additionally as a Community Center board member he and his team of locals developed the Boy's and Girl's Club of Dane County.

paragraph: Toon served on the board of directors of the National Guardian Life Insurance Company (NGL). He also served on the board of directors of the Green Bay Packers. He is now an owner of one of the largest privately owned and operated multifaceted design/build landscape companies in the Midwest, Olson Toon Landscaping, Inc.

paragraph: He is an investor in Wisconsin Burger King Franchise companies since 1992.

paragraph: Toon, who suffered from post-concussion syndrome, has improved to the point that he was able to compete in a triathlon in 2004.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: Toon is married to Jane and has a son and three daughters. His son, Nick, was a football standout in high school at Middleton, Wisconsin and played as a receiver for the Wisconsin Badgers, as his father did. Nicholas Toon was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the 4th round of the 2012 NFL Draft and played four years in the NFL. He now owns and runs an online retail sales business along with a focus on real estate ownership and management with his wife.

paragraph: His daughter, Kirby, attended UW–Madison as a preferred walk-on in volleyball. Kirby current is working for Kimberly Clark. His other daughters, Molly and Sydney, also play volleyball. Molly was a final 4 participant while playing volleyball at the University of Michigan and is now working for Aerotek in Arizona, while Toon's youngest daughter, Sydney just finished her volleyball career at University of Wisconsin Whitewater following her prep experience at Middleton High School.and is now working for her father at Olson Toon Landscaping

description: American football player

wikidata_label: Al Toon

wikipedia_title: Al Toon


text:
Fetternear
Aberdeenshire
Vienna
Scottish
Field Marshal
Count
Holy Roman Empire
Croatian-Slavonian Military Frontier
Clan Leslie
Balquhain
Gogar
Dietrichstein
Nové Město nad Metují
the United Provinces
Stralsund
War of the Mantuan Succession
Albrecht von Wallenstein
oberwachtmeister
Adam Erdmann Trčka
Bentheim
Freistadt
Battle of Lützen
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Eger
Ferdinand II
Burgomaster's
Saxe-Weimar
Vilem Kinsky
Christian von Ilow
Walter Devereux
Nové Město nad Metují
Regensburg
Battle of Nordlingen
Peace of Prague
Battle of Wittstock
Ferdinand III
Pope Innocent X
Croatian-Slavonian Military Frontier
Holy Roman Empire
Nové Město nad Metují
Ptuj
Imperial War Council
Order of the Golden Fleece
Sultan Mehmed IV
Scottish Benedictine Abbey
Vienna
Scotland and the Thirty Years' War
Scots wars
History of the Leslies

categories: Scottish diplomats,Knights of the Golden Fleece,Clan Leslie,Scottish people of the Thirty Years' War,Field marshals of Austria,1607 births,1667 deaths,Generals of the Holy Roman Empire,Scottish soldiers,People from Aberdeenshire

paragraph: Walter Leslie (field marshal)

paragraph: Walter Leslie (Fetternear House, Aberdeenshire, 1607 – Vienna, 4 March 1667) was a Scottish soldier and diplomat. He gained the positions of Imperial Field Marshal, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Governor on the Croatian-Slavonian Military Frontier, Imperial Ambassador to Naples, Rome in 1645 and to Constantinople in 1665–1666.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: Walter Leslie was born to a prominent Scottish noble family from the Clan Leslie. His father William was the 10th Baron of Balquhain and his mother Joan was a daughter of John Baron of Gogar. In 1647, he married Anna Francesca von Dietrichstein, daughter of Count Maximilian von Dietrichstein. They had no children. He was succeeded by his nephew, Count James Leslie, who continued the Leslie line at the family castle, Nové Město nad Metují.

paragraph: Section::::Early Military Career: 1624–1632.

paragraph: In 1624, Walter Leslie crossed the North Sea to fight with the Protestant Army of the United Provinces. By 1628, he was in Stralsund in Northern Germany fighting for either the Danes or the Swedes. In 1630, he transferred to the Imperial Army and fought alongside his countryman John Gordon that summer in War of the Mantuan Succession in Northern Italy, under the command of General Albrecht von Wallenstein. Wallenstein was recalled from Italy in 1631. In December 1631 Leslie followed the General to fight in Northern Germany against the Swedes.

paragraph: By July 1632, Leslie had risen to the rank of oberwachtmeister, or sergeant in the infantry ranks of Count Adam Erdmann Trčka, Wallenstein's brother-in-law, and was still under John Gordon, then lieutenant colonel. The military relationship between Leslie and Gordon would become increasingly important as they became closer to Wallenstein. Leslie fought under Gordon at Bentheim in lower Saxony and at Freistadt in upper Austria. Both men were captured at Freistadt by the Swedes after having had joint command of 1000 Scottish and Irish musketeers. After that, Gordon rose to commander of a regiment and Leslie became his spokesman in court. This was the first time Leslie was put in such a position, although it would not be the last. In November 1632 Leslie fought with Gordon at the Battle of Lützen. That was a Protestant victory, but cost the life of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. After that, they captured Eger and Leslie was again commissioned as Gordon's second in command.

paragraph: Section::::The Assassination of Wallenstein: From Plot to Execution, 1633–1634.

paragraph: In December 1633 Italian Imperial generals began to plot ways to remove Wallenstein from power. During that time, Leslie, Gordon and Irish Colonel Walter Butler remained in the service of Wallenstein but began to correspond with the Italian generals. Leslie wrote to one, calling him the "protector of all foreign cavaleirs," pledged his allegiance to the Ferdinand II and requested a promotion based on his service to the emperor. As historian David Worthington points out, the letter was timed to arrive on 12 January, the day before the Pilsen Agreement was signed by 47 of Wallenstein's officers to remain loyal to him. Leslie never signed the agreement. Days later, the Italian generals and 18 other senior officers signed the Pilsen Reverse, a document which expressed their loss of faith in Wallenstein's loyalty and ability. In January 1633 Ferdinand II granted immunity to all signers of the Pilsen Agreement except the top generals. By this time, Leslie and Gordon had both aligned themselves with one of the Italian generals who had just been made a field marshal and had been preparing their musketeers in Eger. In January 1634 Ferdinand issued a secret arrest warrant for Wallenstein. The general began exploring the allegiances of his Scottish officers, Gordon and Leslie by offering Gordon a promotion and asking to meet with Leslie.

paragraph: As Butler escorted Wallenstein into Eger, Leslie and Gordon were inside the castle walls awaiting their arrival. There are several accounts of what followed in the late days of February, but some events and details are unanimous. On 24 February Wallenstein entered Eger and retired to his bed at the Burgomaster's house, outside the castle walls. That night, Leslie dined with Butler and Gordon and they finalized their plans to assassinate Wallenstein and his senior officers. After dinner, a messenger came for Wallenstein and Leslie took him to the general's quarters. The letter was from Ferdinand II and it officially dismissed him as a general and indicted him as a traitor. Wallenstein is then reported to have let out his frustrations to Leslie and even confided in Leslie his plans to join forces with Saxe-Weimar.

paragraph: The next morning, Leslie, Butler and Gordon all took an oath with one of the loyalist officers, Ilow, to remain loyal to Wallenstein. Later that day, the Scotsmen invited all of the loyalist officers to a banquet to celebrate Wallenstein. Adam Trčka, Vilem Kinsky, Christian von Ilow and a lower ranking officer, Niemann all attended, but Wallenstein declined due to illness. At the banquet they drank heavily, made toasts to the General, cursed the court in Vienna and had dessert. Again, reports of events differ slightly in the small details but what is agreed is that at the end of dinner, Leslie, Butler and Gordon all stood up, drew their swords and yelled something along the lines of "Long live Ferdinand and the House of Austria!" At that point, the drawbridge had been raised and the Irish dragoons had been let into the banquet hall. Although Leslie was wounded in the slaughter, all of Wallenstein's officers were killed. Next, Leslie left the walls to gather Walter Devereux and a team to go to Wallenstein's quarters, where he was asleep, and kill him, and so they did.

paragraph: Leslie was the first to bring word to Vienna and therefore the Emperor heard his name first. Leslie and his fellows were rewarded handsomely by Ferdinand II for their efforts. Leslie was given Trčka's castle, Nové Město nad Metují and some other properties as well as the "die golden ketten" or the imperial golden chain. Leslie's career as a military officer, politician, diplomat, and imperial noble skyrocketed as a result of assassinating Wallenstein.

paragraph: Section::::The Imperial Court, New Titles, and Diplomacy: 1634–1650.

paragraph: Leslie was made an imperial chamberlain by Ferdinand II in 1634. His military rank was increased to a lieutenant field marshal and head of the bodyguard for the King of Hungary, and he was given command of two regiments. Just after his promotions, in the summer of 1634 he led a successful siege on Regensburg. In September 1634 he fought at the imperial victory at the Battle of Nordlingen. In the months leading up to the Peace of Prague, Leslie was in Rathenow in Brandenburg. Historian David Worthington claims that of all the assassins of Wallenstein, Leslie was rewarded the most and ultimately his career grew the most out of that event.

paragraph: In September 1636 Leslie and the imperialists were defeated by the French, the Swedes and Saxe-Weimar at the Battle of Wittstock. However, in 1637, Leslie wrote to the dying Ferdinand II, making his argument that he had Habsburg blood dating back over half of a century. After Ferdinand II's death, Ferdinand III approved the request and ennobled Leslie as an Imperial Count. This new title brought with it a new lifestyle, new political respect and more diplomatic opportunities. Leslie served as a Stuart-Habsburg intermediary at the Ratisbon Electoral meeting (1636–43), Imperial envoy to the Spanish Netherlands (1639), diplomatic trips to the Caroline Court in Spain, delegate in Regensburg (1640), and ambassador to Naples in 1645. In 1645, Leslie, then Imperial Ambassador to Naples, roamed the Italian Peninsula in an attempt to garner funds to fight the war. He is reported to have given Pope Innocent X a solid silver writing table. The trip yielded little money and few troops.

paragraph: Section::::Latter Years, Ottoman Diplomacy, and Death: 1650–1667.

paragraph: Leslie was made a Field Marshal and the Governor of the Croatian-Slavonian Military Frontier in 1650, an appointment that drew his attention to the Southern reaches of the Holy Roman Empire. During this period, there is evidence that his lifestyle became more relaxed. In the 1650s, Leslie renovated his castles, Nové Město nad Metují and Ptuj. He also continued a passion of his, collecting and commissioning works of art, especially portraits. He commissioned portraits for Ferdinand II, Ferdinand III, Leopold I and most of their families.

paragraph: In 1657, he was made Vice-President of the Imperial War Council. He had been an adviser to the Imperial Privy Council for some years. In 1663, he willed his estates and titles to his nephew, James Leslie. In 1665, Walter was made a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece. Shortly after that, he embarked on his last diplomatic journey as Imperial Ambassador to Constantinople, a trip that lasted from 1665 until 1666. In Istanbul, he moved along peace treaty talks with Sultan Mehmed IV.

paragraph: Upon his return in 1666, Leslie's health was failing. He died on 3 March 1667 and was buried in the Scottish Benedictine Abbey in Vienna. Leslie had commissioned the renovation of this very same church years earlier.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scotland and the Thirty Years' War

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Prendergast, Francis. “An Authentic Account of the Death of Wallenstein, with a Vindication of the Motives of Colonel Walter Butler.” Transactions of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society, Vol. 2, No. 1 (1852): 9–32.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vidmar, Polona. “Under the Habsburgs and Stuarts: The Leslie’s Portrait Gallery in Ptuj castle, Slovenia.” In "British and Irish Emigrants and Exiles in Europe, 1603-1688", edited by David Worthington, 215–233. Boston: Brill, 2010.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Watson, Francis. "Wallenstein: Soldier under Saturn." (New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, Inc., 1938), 404–407.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Worthington, David. "Scots in Habsburg Service, 1618-1648". (Boston: Brill, 2004), 153–288.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Mitchell J. "Life of Wallenstein Duke of Friedland", London, James Fraser, 1888; pp. 323–345

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Worthington, David. "British and Irish Experiences and Impressions of Central Europe, 1560-1688". Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2012.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pages, Georges. "The Thirty Years' War 1618-1648". Translated by David Maland and John Hopper. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Guthrie, William P., "The Later Thirty Years' War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia". London: Greenwood Press, 2003.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Worthington, David, "A Stuart-Austrian Habsburg intermediary: The life of Walter Leslie (1606-67)", "History Scotland", (July–August 2002), pp. 29–34.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scots wars

paragraph: BULLET::::- History of the Leslies

description: Scottish soldier and diplomat

wikidata_label: Walter Leslie

wikipedia_title: Walter Leslie (field marshal)


text:
Toho Gakuen School of Music
Yukie Nishimura Official Website

categories: Japanese female composers,Japanese pianists,Japanese women pianists,1967 births,21st-century women musicians,People from Toyonaka, Osaka,21st-century pianists,Toho Gakuen School of Music alumni,Japanese composers,New-age pianists,Living people

paragraph: Yukie Nishimura

paragraph: Nishimura studied at the Toho Gakuen School of Music. Her piano style is light easy listening, her works are sometimes heard on television in Japan, and she has a following in Hong Kong and China.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Angelique" (1986)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lyrisme" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dolce" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Fascination" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Lumiere ～地図のない季節～" (1989) : playin' around with no map and plot

paragraph: BULLET::::- "L'espoir ～レスポワール～" (1989)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "風色の夢" (1990) : windings in Fantasic world

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vi・Ji・N" (1991) : sophisticated girl

paragraph: BULLET::::- 101回目のプロポーズ (1991) : ("The Hundredth Proposal of Marriage")

paragraph: BULLET::::- MOON (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 親愛なる者へ (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- SUPER BEST (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- プロポーズ ～Propose～ (1992)

paragraph: BULLET::::- graceful (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- GOOD MORNING ～グッドモーニング～ (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Memories (Released in Hong Kong only) (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 時の輝き (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Virgin (1995)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Blue Horizon (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 月いろのつばさ (1997)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 大地のうた (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- BALLISTIC KISS (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 自分への手紙 (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 風が生まれる瞬間 (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 優しさの意味 (2001)

paragraph: BULLET::::- しあわせまでもう少し (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 明日のために (2002)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 扉をあけよう (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 君が想い出になる前に (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- しあわせのかたち (2004)

paragraph: BULLET::::- 耳をすまして (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Best of Best ～20 Songs～ (2006)

paragraph: BULLET::::- あなたが輝くとき (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Vitamin (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Piano (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smile Best ～selfcover collection～（2011/7）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Beautiful Morning（2011/7）（yccs10049）

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bedtime Music（2011/7）（yccs10050）

paragraph: BULLET::::- フレデリック・バック meets 西村由紀江 (2012)

paragraph: BULLET::::- ビオトープ (2013)

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Yukie Nishimura Official Website

description: Japanese musician

wikidata_label: Yukie Nishimura

wikipedia_title: Yukie Nishimura


text: German

text: South America

text: Tupinambá people

text: Brazil

text: cannibalism

text: Homberg

text: Landgraviate of Hesse

text: Brazil

text: Seville

text: Río de la Plata

text: barque

text: Asunción

text: São Vicente

text: Tupinambá people

text: Tupinikin people

text: Portuguese

text: Ubatuba

text: Honfleur

text: Normandy

text: Johann Dryander

text: Marburg

text: account of his captivity

text: Andreas Kolbe

text: woodcut

text: Latin

text: Theodor de Bry

text: cannibalism

text: war captives

text: Atlantic history

text: Wolfhagen

text: Korbach

text: 1999 film

text: Luis Alberto Pereira

text: Tupi

text: Portuguese

text: English

text: French

text: Spanish

text: How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman

text: 1970 film

text: Hakluyt Society

text: As aventuras de Hans Staden

text: Richard Francis Burton

text: Hans Staden in Wolfhagen

text: 2007 conference agenda

text: "Hans Staden among the Tupinambas"

categories: 1525 births,1579 deaths,16th-century German writers,German autobiographers,16th-century male writers,People from Homberg (Efze),German male non-fiction writers,Historiography of Brazil,Shipwreck survivors,Age of Discovery,Cannibalism,German conquistadors

paragraph: Hans Staden

paragraph: Hans Staden (c. 1525 – c. 1576) was a German soldier and explorer who voyaged to South America in the middle of the sixteenth century, where he was captured by the Tupinambá people of Brazil. He managed to survive and return safe to Europe. In his widely read account describing his travel and captivity, he claimed that the native people that held him captive practiced cannibalism.

paragraph: Section::::Trips to South America.

paragraph: Staden was born in Homberg in the Landgraviate of Hesse. He had received a good education and was in moderate circumstances when desire for travel led him to enlist in 1547 on a ship that was bound for Brazil. He returned from this first trip on 8 October 1548, and, going to Seville, enlisted for a second trip as a volunteer in an expedition for Río de la Plata which sailed in March 1549. On reaching the mouth of the river, two ships sank in a storm. After vainly trying to build a barque, part of the shipwrecked crew set out overland for Asunción. The rest of the crew, including Staden (a knowledgeable gunman), sailed upon the third vessel for the island of São Vicente, but were also wrecked. Staden, with a few survivors, reached the continent in 1552, where he was hired by the Portuguese thanks to his knowledge of the Canon.

paragraph: A few weeks later, while engaged in a hunting and mercenary expedition to steal riches, Staden was captured by a party belonging to the Tupinambá people of Brazil, an enemy group of the Tupinikin people and their Portuguese allies. As Staden was part of a Portuguese crew, he was perceived of as an enemy of the Tupinamba and they carried him to their village (the predecessor of today's Ubatuba) where he claimed he was to be devoured at the next festivity. However, Staden allegedly won the favor of the Tupinamba Chief Cunhambebe by translating between the Tupinamba and European traders as well as predicting a Tupinikin attack on the tribe, thus his life was spared. Furthermore, when Staden later claimed to have cured the tribal king and his household from illness through the power of prayer and Christianity, the Tupinamba embraced him and called him "Scheraeire", meaning "Son, do not let me die". The Portuguese tried several times to negotiate for Staden's ransom, but the Indians declined all overtures. At last he made his escape on a French ship, and on 22 February 1555, arrived at Honfleur, in Normandy, and from there went immediately to his native city.

paragraph: Section::::Narrative of his captivity.

paragraph: After his return to Europe, the support of Dr. Johann Dryander in Marburg enabled Staden to publish an account of his captivity, entitled "Warhaftige Historia und beschreibung eyner Landtschafft der Wilden Nacketen, Grimmigen Menschfresser-Leuthen in der Newenwelt America gelegen" ("True Story and Description of a Country of Wild, Naked, Grim, Man-eating People in the New World, America") (1557); the book was printed by Andreas Kolbe.

paragraph: The "Warhaftige Historia" provided detailed descriptions of Tupinambá life and customs, illustrated by woodcuts. The book became an international bestseller and was translated into Latin and many other European languages, reaching a total of 76 editions. Theodor de Bry produced illustrative engravings of Staden's story for his book "Grand Voyages to America" (1593), volume 3.

paragraph: Section::::Work as a "Go-Between".

paragraph: Though little is known about Staden outside of his written travel accounts, his writings proved that one way to find favor in a hostile setting was to establish oneself as a mediator between groups in a position known as a go-between. Go-betweens could mediate business or trade transactions between indigenous and European groups or translate language and culture. In captivity, Staden used his extensive knowledge of Tupinambá culture, religious veneration, and allegiance with the French to take on the role of a transactional go-between. As he had learned about South American indigenous culture and politics on a previous expedition, Staden first aimed to manipulate the Tupinambá into granting him his freedom. He first attempted to convince the Tupinambá that he was truly a Frenchman and an ally; when a French trader visited the group, however, and denied Staden's story, this method failed and Staden was forced to think of new ways to survive. He began to view himself in more nationalistic terms as a German, who could not rely on the Portuguese and French as Christian Europeans to save him. Staden quickly changed course and became an important transactional go-between who shared information of an anticipated attack by the Tupinambá's enemies, the Tupinikin. When the attack happened, the Tupinambá's trust in Staden grew. Staden also became a religious go-between. Staden attempted to deceive the Tupinambá tribe, convincing them that he had the ability to foresee future events and connect them with his Christian God's emotions. Staden repeatedly linked negative or dangerous circumstances, such as death and illness, with God's anger, telling the Tupinambá that God had been angered by their threats to kill and eat him. Furthermore, when another prisoner died, an enemy (of Germans) because he was Portuguese, who had supported the idea of killing Staden, Staden used this as an example of God's anger towards those who lie about his nationality. Thus, once again, Staden falsely tried to claim he was a Frenchman in attempt to persuade the Tupinambá to free him. As the Tupinambá began to link their good fortunes with Staden's happiness, which apparently appeased God, and their misfortune with hostility to Staden, which apparently angered God, they began to trust his stories and value him within the tribe. As a captive of the Tupinambá, Staden relied heavily on his position as a go-between to gain favor and good will with them. Through excelling in this role he became an important asset to the group and despite constant threats of death, his life was spared. In 1555, Staden was finally able to make his escape and return to Europe.

paragraph: Section::::Cannibalism.

paragraph: The aspect of the book that received the most attention, from the time of publication up to the present, was cannibalism. Staden claimed that the Tupinambá were cannibals, gave vivid eyewitness accounts of the killing, preparing and eating of war captives. According to one anecdote, the Indians at one point gave him a delicious soup; after finishing his dinner, he found in the bottom of the cauldron some small skulls, which he later found out to be those of the boys in his choir.

paragraph: Some scholars, such as anthropologist William Arens, have challenged the book's reliability, arguing that Staden invented its sensational accounts of cannibalism. Other scholars defend the book as an important and reliable ethnohistorical source on Brazil's indigenous population. Others note the significance of Staden in the study of Atlantic history.

paragraph: Section::::Later life.

paragraph: Staden died, in either Wolfhagen or Korbach, probably in 1579. The exact date of his death is unknown.

paragraph: Section::::Staden in film.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hans Staden - Lá Vem Nossa Comida Pulando" (Hans Staden - There He Comes, Our Food Jumping), a 1999 film, directed by Luis Alberto Pereira), spoken in the Tupi indigenous language (with subtitles in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish) explores his adventures while being held captive by the Tupinamba.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Como Era Gostoso o meu Francês" ("How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman"), a 1970 film, was based on Staden's stories (but did not include him as a character) and adds a subplot about the main character's love affair with a young native woman.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.

paragraph: Section::::Bibliography.:Primary sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Original German edition, 1557.

paragraph: BULLET::::- English translation by the Hakluyt Society, 1874.

paragraph: BULLET::::- New English translation, 2008.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Warhaftige Historia und beschreibung eyner Landtschafft der Wilden Nacketen, Grimmigen Menschfresser-Leuthen in der Newenwelt America gelegen", original German edition, 1557

paragraph: BULLET::::- As aventuras de Hans Staden, with complete facsimile of the 1557 German edition

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Captivity of Hans Stade of Hesse, in A.D. 1547-1555, Among the Wild Tribes of Eastern Brazil", English translation, 1874, with annotations by famed explorer Sir Richard Francis Burton

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hans Staden in Wolfhagen; 2007 conference agenda

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Hans Staden among the Tupinambas" by Harry J. Brown

paragraph: BULLET::::- Short review of Staden's book, withwoodcuts

description: German conquistador

wikidata_label: Hans Staden

wikipedia_title: Hans Staden


text:
GBE
Rootes Group
armoured fighting vehicles
Coventry
saturation bombing
Luftwaffe
University of Warwick
Goudhurst
bicycle
David Salomons
Tunbridge Wells
Cranbrook
Singer car company
Hawkhurst
Maidstone
shadow factories
baron
William Geoffrey Rootes
the family business
Chrysler Corporation
Brian Gordon Rootes
Ramsbury Manor
University of Warwick
Rootes Archive Centre

categories: Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire,Rootes Group,Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom,Automotive pioneers,1964 deaths,British founders of automobile manufacturers,People from Goudhurst,1894 births

paragraph: William Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes

paragraph: William Edward Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes GBE (17 August 1894 – 12 December 1964) was a British motor manufacturer. He opened his first car sales agency in 1913, leading to the global Rootes Group. During the Second World War he supervised the volume manufacture of aircraft and engines, as well as the supply of military motor vehicles and armoured fighting vehicles. He was knighted in 1942 for these services and for organising the reconstruction of bomb-damaged Coventry after its saturation bombing by the Luftwaffe on 14–15 November 1940. In the 1950s, he became a leader of Britain's export drive, and chaired a committee to found the University of Warwick with a vision of academic links with industry.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: William (Billy) Rootes was born in Goudhurst, Kent. His father, William, owned a general engineering business in Goudhurst, which included bicycles. William (Snr) attended a motor show organised by Sir David Salomons in Tunbridge Wells in 1895. Billy and his brother Reginald (Reggie) shared their father's interest in things mechanical. In 1905, whilst their parents were out, Billy took Reggie out for a drive in their father's New Orleans motor car. Unfortunately, Billy crashed the car.

paragraph: Billy attended Cranbrook School, and on leaving school in 1909 was apprenticed to the Singer car company. William had moved the family business to Hawkhurst by this time, and expanded into the motor trade. Billy left Singer in 1913 to start his own car agency. He sold all of his first batch of cars within a few months of leaving Singer. The business was moved to Maidstone before the First World War, and the firm worked on the maintenance and repair of aero engines during the war.

paragraph: Section::::Public honours.

paragraph: William and Reginald were knighted in 1942 and 1946 respectively for their work in setting up shadow factories. William was created a baron in 1959: his eldest son would accordingly become the second Baron Rootes on William's death.

paragraph: Section::::Personal.

paragraph: Rootes married his first wife, Nora Press, in 1916. The marriage produced two sons, William Geoffrey Rootes (1917–1992) who between 1967 and 1973 served as chairman of the family business (at that time a subsidiary of Chrysler Corporation and renamed as Chrysler United Kingdom) and Brian Gordon Rootes (1919–1971) who also held a succession of senior positions within the company between 1937 and 1967, interrupted by a period of military service during the Second World War.

paragraph: In 1958, Rootes bought Ramsbury Manor, Wiltshire.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: William Rootes died in 1964. It had been intended that Rootes would be the first Chancellor of the University of Warwick; he is commemorated there by the Rootes Social Building, Rootes student residences, Rootes Grocery Store and the Lord Rootes Memorial Fund.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Rootes Archive Centre

description: British automobile pioneer

enwikiquote_title: William Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes

wikidata_label: William Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes

wikipedia_title: William Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes


text:
Swiss Italian
Odessa
Chişinău
Pyatigorsk
Giuseppe Bernardazzi
Swiss
Pambio
Moscow
Chişinău
Novaya Rossiya University
Fastiv
Chişinău
Nazis
Bristol Hotel
Odessa Philharmonic Theater
Alexander II
Taras Shevchenko
St. Teodora de la Sihla Church
Chişinău City Hall
List of Russian architects
Bernadazzi family

categories: Imperial Russian architects,People from Odessa,People from Chișinău,1831 births,Imperial Russian people of Italian descent,People from Pyatigorsk,Imperial Russian people of Swiss descent,1907 deaths,19th-century Russian people,19th-century Russian architects

paragraph: Alexander Bernardazzi

paragraph: Aleksander Osipovich Bernardazzi (, alternative spelling: Alexandr Bernardacci, ) (July 2, 1831 – August 14, 1907) was a Russian (of Swiss Italian origin) architect best known for his work in Odessa and Chişinău.

paragraph: Section::::His life.

paragraph: Bernardazzi was born in Pyatigorsk in 1831. The town had been almost completely built by his father, Giuseppe Bernardazzi, and uncle, who were originally Swiss from Pambio. Very early Bernardazzi demonstrated artistic talent and was eventually sent to study in Moscow. His first architectural job was in Chişinău from 1856-1878, where he served as the city architect. In 1878 Bernardazzi moved to Odessa and lived there for over thirty years. In 1879 Bernardazzi became the Odessa city architect and in the mid-1880s he was appointed an architect at the Novaya Rossiya University in Odessa. It has been said that "the Odessa you see today is the work of this perigious and talented architect".

paragraph: Bernardazzi died August 14, 1907, in Fastiv. He was buried beside his mother in Chişinău.

paragraph: Section::::Major work.

paragraph: In the mid-1880s he designed:

paragraph: BULLET::::- The former Odessa railway station, 1879-1883, destroyed by the Nazis in 1944;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Disability house (later converted to a factory, "Pischepromavtomatika" (Пищепромавтоматика)), Mechnikova 53 (Мечникова), 1886;

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Odessa International Technical Society building, Baranova 1 (Баранова), in 1887.

paragraph: Bernardazzi designed a large number of residential buildings and mansions:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Preobrazhenska 15 () (1891);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Pastera 34 () (1891);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gogolaya 23 ();

paragraph: BULLET::::- Troitska 20 ();

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bazarna 20 () (1893);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Deribasivska 31 (), tobacco shop (1894);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Didrihsona, 7 (), mansion (1894).

paragraph: By the 100th Anniversary of Odessa, Odessa city architect Bernardazzi led the work of the Technical Division of the Architectural Society and instructed the design and construction of a number of public buildings. Bernardazzi most memorable designs were in the 1890s:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Medical school clinic at Pastera 7 (Пастера);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Belinsky 9 hospital (Белинского) (1892);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Warehouse building near the railway station (1890s);

paragraph: BULLET::::- Reformed Church Pastera 62 (Пастера), the Puppet Theatre in Soviet period;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bristol Hotel at Pushkinskaya 15, 1898-1899;

paragraph: BULLET::::- The New Stock Exchange, now the Odessa Philharmonic Theater (1894-1899).

paragraph: Bernardazzi is also responsible for Baranova 18 (Баранова) (1902) and Troitska 18 () (1903).

paragraph: His other work includes:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Porto-Franko Bank at Pushkinska 10 ()

paragraph: BULLET::::- A monument to Alexander II in Alexander Park. The statue was replaced and today only the base remains, used to honor Taras Shevchenko (Alexander Park has been renamed Shevchenko Park).

paragraph: BULLET::::- St. Teodora de la Sihla Church

paragraph: BULLET::::- Chişinău City Hall

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- List of Russian architects

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bernadazzi family

alias: Александр Осипович Бернардацци

description: Russian architect

wikidata_label: Alexander Bernardazzi

wikipedia_title: Alexander Bernardazzi


text: Florida

text: Pancho Villa Expedition

text: World War I

text: World War II

text: Florida National Guard

text: major general

text: 1956 campaign

text: governor of Florida

text: St. Augustine, Florida

text: Tampa

text: Virginia Military Institute

text: United States Army

text: captain

text: Pancho Villa Expedition

text: 124th Infantry

text: post-war occupation duty

text: 116th Field Artillery Regiment

text: colonel

text: brigadier general

text: 31st Infantry Division

text: World War II

text: 31st Infantry Division

text: Dutch East Indies

text: New Guinea

text: Bronze Star Medal

text: 51st Infantry Division

text: major general

text: Army Distinguished Service Medal

text: lieutenant general

text: Democratic

text: governor of Florida

text: single issue

text: LeRoy Collins

text: United States House of Representatives

text: Sam Gibbons

text: St. Augustine, Florida

text: Sons of Confederate Veterans

text: Daughters of the Confederacy

text: city commission

text: U.S. House

text: Hillsborough High School

text: Virginia Military Institute

text: United States Army

text: Aetna

text: Jacksonville

text: World War II

text: Clint Murchison Jr.

text: Florida

text: Havana

text: Review of Reviews

text: cross-Florida ship canal

text: captain

text: Pancho Villa Expedition

text: World War I

text: 124th Infantry

text: Camp Wheeler

text: Georgia

text: Camp Mills

text: New York

text: 83rd Division

text: Armistice of November 11, 1918

text: post-war occupation duty

text: Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia

text: American Legion

text: Herbert J. Drane

text: 116th Field Artillery Regiment

text: major

text: Benjamin Field Military Post

text: lieutenant colonel

text: colonel

text: brigadier general

text: 31st Division

text: The Field Artillery Journal

text: "Is This Perfection?"

text: World War II

text: Pacific Theater

text: Dutch East Indies

text: New Guinea

text: Army Distinguished Service Medal

text: Bronze Star Medal

text: 51st Infantry Division

text: major general

text: South Carolina

text: Mexican Border Service Medal

text: World War I Victory Medal

text: American Defense Service Medal

text: Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal

text: World War II Victory Medal

text: United Nations

text: civil rights movement

text: ran for governor in 1956

text: single issue

text: Brown v. Board of Education

text: Ku Klux Klan

text: Ed Ball

text: segregation question

text: Fuller Warren

text: LeRoy Collins

text: 10th Congressional District

text: Sam Gibbons

text: United Nations

text: America's Book of Infamy

text: open letter

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

text: John Birch Society

text: Billy James Hargis

text: Liberty Lobby

text: Lowry Park Zoo

text: Haywood County, North Carolina

text: honorary degree

text: University of Tampa

text: Trinity College of Florida

text: Civitan International

text: Virginia Military Institute

text: Society of the Cincinnati

text: University of Tampa

text: Reserve Officers' Training Corps

text: Lowry Papers

text: Sumter Lowry Currency Collection

text: Scrapbook

categories: Businesspeople from Tampa, Florida,American businesspeople in insurance,Florida politicians,United States Army officers,People from St. Augustine, Florida,American white supremacists,Military personnel from Florida,School segregation in the United States,1985 deaths,Virginia Military Institute alumni,Florida National Guard personnel,Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army),1893 births,John Birch Society members,People from Tampa, Florida,Florida Democrats

paragraph: Sumter de Leon Lowry Jr.

paragraph: Sumter de Leon Lowry Jr. (August 27, 1893 – February 3, 1985) was an American insurance executive, National Guard officer, and political candidate from Florida. A veteran of the Pancho Villa Expedition, World War I, and World War II, he is best known for his service as commander of several units in the Florida National Guard. Lowry served in the military for 38 years and attained the rank of major general. Apart from his military service, he is remembered for his opposition to racial integration, on which he based his unsuccessful 1956 campaign for governor of Florida.

paragraph: A native of St. Augustine, Florida, Lowry was raised in Tampa, where his father served as a member of the city commission. He was educated in Tampa, and was a 1914 graduate of Virginia Military Institute. After graduation, Lowry began his long association with the United States Army by joining the Florida National Guard and organizing a new unit, Company H, 2nd Infantry Regiment, which he commanded as a captain. Lowry served with his unit on the Texas-Mexico border during the Pancho Villa Expedition in 1916-1917. The 2nd Florida Infantry was federalized for wartime service as the 124th Infantry, and sent to France as replacement soldiers. Lowry served with the unit in the U.S. then went to France as commander of Company I, 331st Infantry. The Armistice occurred before his company saw combat, and he performed post-war occupation duty until returning home in early 1919. After the war, he participated in the Florida National Guard's reorganization by helping organize the 116th Field Artillery Regiment, which he eventually commanded as a colonel. Lowry also began a career in the insurance industry in the early 1920s, and was the longtime chairman of the board of the Gulf Life Insurance Company. In 1934, he was promoted to brigadier general as commander of the 56th Artillery Brigade, a unit of the 31st Infantry Division.

paragraph: Lowry was among the Florida National Guard members activated for World War II; he commanded the 31st Infantry Division Artillery, and participated in the Dutch East Indies and New Guinea campaigns, for which he received the Bronze Star Medal and other awards. After returning to Florida after the war, Lowry aided in the state's post-war National Guard reorganization, and was assigned to command the 51st Infantry Division as a major general. He retired from the military in 1952; in addition to receiving the Army Distinguished Service Medal, he received a state promotion to lieutenant general on Florida's retired list in recognition of his many years of service.

paragraph: An ardent anti-communist and a believer in racial segregation, Lowry regarded the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s as an extension of a plot to spread communism throughout the world. In 1956, he was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for governor of Florida. Running on the single issue of maintaining school segregation, Lowry failed to gain much traction, and was defeated by incumbent LeRoy Collins, who went on to win the general election. In 1962, he made a run for the United States House of Representatives in a newly-created Tampa-based district. Running on a segregationist platform, he lost the Democratic nomination to Sam Gibbons, who went on to win the general election.

paragraph: In retirement, Lowry continued to reside in Tampa. He died there on February 3, 1985, and was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Tampa.

paragraph: Section::::Childhood.

paragraph: Lowry was born in St. Augustine, Florida; his parents were Sumter de Leon Lowry Sr. (1861-1936), and Willie Miller Lowry (1862-1946). The family moved to Tampa when he was an infant, and the senior Lowry became a successful businessman. Lowry Sr. and his wife became active in a host of Tampa area civic causes and historical projects, including leadership roles in the Sons of Confederate Veterans and Daughters of the Confederacy. Lowry Sr. was also an advocate for establishing a city commission government for Tampa; when his initiative succeeded in the early 1920s, he won election to the city commission and served from 1922 to 1928. Lowry Sr. also made an unsuccessful run for the U.S. House in 1932. The Lowry family's contributions to Tampa's civic life were recognized in 1925, when the city named a newly-created city park Lowry Park in honor of Sumter Lowry Sr.

paragraph: The younger Lowry was educated in Tampa, and was a 1911 graduate of Hillsborough High School. He then attended the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), from which he graduated in 1914. Lowry was a standout student at VMI, serving as a cadet captain, starting on the football team, and serving as captain of the basketball team. At graduation, he was ranked first in his class of 75, which resulted in the offer of a commission in the United States Army, which he declined.

paragraph: Section::::Civilian career.

paragraph: Lowry's father was active in the insurance industry, and Lowry Jr. followed Lowry Sr. into the business He was a district agent for the National Life Insurance Company of Chicago and represented the Aetna Casualty and Security Company and other insurers. Lowry served as president of the Victory National Insurance Company from 1921 until 1928, when it merged with the Gulf Life Insurance Company. He moved from Tampa to Jacksonville in 1929, and came back to Tampa after returning to Florida following his World War II military service. Lowry remained with Gulf Life until 1959, and after selling a large portion of the company's assets to Clint Murchison Jr. and John D. Murchison, he remained on the board of directors. Lowry was "exceedingly successful as a businessman" and his other ventures included real estate development in Florida and nearby states, and serving as chairman of the board for both Jacksonville's Bushnell Steel Company and Havana's Cuban American Metal Distributors.

paragraph: Lowry wrote two pieces for "Review of Reviews" in the early 1930s, in which he argued in favor of a proposed cross-Florida ship canal, "A Florida Ship Canal" and "A Canal Across Florida".

paragraph: Section::::Military career.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Early years.

paragraph: Lowry began his military career after his VMI graduation in 1914 by assisting in the creation of Company H, 2nd Florida Infantry, which he was elected to command with the rank of captain. He served with his regiment on the Texas-Mexico border during the Pancho Villa Expedition of 1916-1917.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:World War I.

paragraph: When the 2nd Florida Infantry was federalized for service in World War I, Lowry served with the newly-designated 124th Infantry as commander of Company H during pre-mobilization training at Camp Wheeler, Georgia. 124th Infantry soldiers were sent from Camp Wheeler to Camp Mills, New York for embarkation to France as replacement troops for units already in combat, and as commander of the regiment's 2nd Battalion, Lowry was part of a small cadre that remained in the United States with the intent of receiving and training new recruits. In October, he deployed to France as commander of Company I, 331st Infantry Regiment, a unit of the 83rd Division. The Armistice of November 11, 1918 ended the war before Lowry saw active combat, and he commanded his company during post-war occupation duty until January 1919, when he returned to the United States. He was mustered out of federal service at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia in February and returned to Tampa.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:American Legion founder.

paragraph: Lowry was an early proponent of the American Legion, and when each state was requested to nominate individuals to serve as the national organization's official incorporators, Herbert J. Drane nominated Lowry to represent Florida, who then attended the Legion's first organizational meeting. The national organization recruited him to oversee creation of its Florida department, and he was chosen as the department's first adjutant, a post he held from 1919 to 1921. He was then elected commander of the Florida department, which he headed from 1921 to 1923.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Post-World War I.

paragraph: After the war Lowry was one of the organizers of the Florida National Guard's 116th Field Artillery Regiment. After commanding the regiment's 1st Battalion as a major, he commanded the Benjamin Field Military Post as a lieutenant colonel, then commanded the regiment from 1923 to 1934 with the rank of colonel. In 1934 he was promoted to brigadier general as commander of the 56th Artillery Brigade, 31st Division.

paragraph: In the 1930s and 1940s, Lowry authored several articles on military topics for professional journals. Among these were "The 116th Field Artillery Makes History" ("The Field Artillery Journal", Jan.-Feb. 1936, pp. 88–89) and "Is This Perfection?" ("The Field Artillery Journal", Sep.-Oct. 1937, pp. 333–336).

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:World War II.

paragraph: During World War II, Lowry commanded the 31st Division Artillery. He led the organization during training at several posts in the United States before deploying to the Pacific Theater in 1944. Lowry's unit took part in the Dutch East Indies and New Guinea campaigns against the Japanese, and returned home in August 1945, following the end of the war. Lowry's wartime service was recognized with award of the Army Distinguished Service Medal and Bronze Star Medal.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Post-World War II.

paragraph: From 1946 until his 1952 retirement, Lowry commanded the 51st Infantry Division as a major general. The newly-organized division was made up of units from Florida and South Carolina, and Lowry commanded during its initial organization, equipping, and training. At his retirement, he received a state promotion to lieutenant general (three stars) on Florida's retired list in recognition of his long years of military service.

paragraph: Section::::Military career.:Awards and decorations.

paragraph: In addition to the Distinguished Service Medal and Bronze Star Medal, Lowry's other decorations included the Mexican Border Service Medal, World War I Victory Medal, American Defense Service Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, and World War II Victory Medal.

paragraph: Section::::Political views.

paragraph: Section::::Political views.:Opposition to the United Nations, communism, and civil rights.

paragraph: Lowry's first political activity was his post-World War II opposition to the creation of the United Nations. In addition, Lowry regarded the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 60s as part of an international plot to spread communism worldwide. As he expressed it in a January 11, 1956, address to the Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, just before he announced his candidacy for governor:

paragraph: Our great nation was created by white men. It was shaped out of the customs and the culture of the white race by many generations of our people. It will continue to live as a white race, or it will perish as a mongrel race! ...Any white person knows that to mingle little white and colored children together in schools or playgrounds or pools means intermarriage, and soon! The mixing of the races in churches or movies or dance halls means mongrelization! The communists know this!

paragraph: Section::::Political views.:Opposition to school integration and campaign for governor (1956).

paragraph: Lowry was described in a 1956 news article as a "popeyed patriot" who displayed a "rabid brand of racism".

paragraph: He ran for governor in 1956 on the single issue of maintaining school segregation, which had become an issue due to the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. He was supported by the Ku Klux Klan, but his "principal supporter" was Florida businessman Ed Ball. According to contemporary accounts, Lowry was "responsible for injecting the segregation question into the [1956] campaign" and "saw desegregation as part of the 'international Communist conspiracy." He attacked one candidate, former governor Fuller Warren, for allowing black guests in the governor's mansion, and published a picture of the current governor LeRoy Collins, who Lowry claimed "caught the Moscow train shortly after World War II", shaking hands with a black man.

paragraph: Lowry broadened his platform as the campaign went on, including "roads...school facilities...tourists...industry" but continued to argue that integration "will create the biggest economic disaster in the history of Florida"; and continued segregation was "the greatest issue before the people in the last 100 years". Collins dismissed Lowry's candidacy, saying that "Lowry was a man 'who admittedly knows nothing of the vast problems and issues with which he would be confronted in this important office, a man who pitches his entire campaign on his ability by lies and misrepresentations to incite hate and anarchy and disorder and violence.'" In an election that was watched nationally for signs of moderation on race and civil rights as a viable approach, Collins demonstrated its strength by soundly defeating Lowry in the Democratic primary and going on to win the general election.

paragraph: Section::::Political views.:Campaign for Congress (1962).

paragraph: In 1962, Lowry was a candidate for U.S. Representative in the newly-created 10th Congressional District. Running on a segregationist platform, Lowry finished second of five candidates in the Democratic primary, which advanced him to a runoff against first-place finisher Sam Gibbons. Gibbons was solidly liberal, while Lowry was backed by conservatives from across Florida. The other three primary candidates all endorsed Gibbons, who went on to defeat Lowry in the runoff and win the seat.

paragraph: Section::::Political views.:Continued political activity.

paragraph: After his Congressional campaign, Lowry organized and financed the Florida Coalition of Patriotic Societies. This organization created and distributed materials warning about the dangers it perceived in communism and the United Nations, which it argued were attempting to eliminate U.S. sovereignty and establish a single worldwide government. Lowry authored some of these works himself, including 1965's "America's Book of Infamy", a pamphlet form of an open letter he wrote to President Lyndon B. Johnson detailing over 100 supposed insults to the honor of the United States, and demanding that the United States retaliate or risk losing its standing in the world. Lowry was also active in other right-wing organizations, including the John Birch Society, the Christian Crusade of Billy James Hargis, the Federation for Constitutional Government, and the Liberty Lobby.

paragraph: Section::::Retirement and death.

paragraph: In retirement, Lowry continued to reside in Tampa. He maintained an interest in state government as a member of the Florida Canal Authority. He was also active in efforts to improve Tampa and preserve his family's legacy, including purchasing an elephant in 1960, which he donated to the Lowry Park Zoo. Lowry and other family members also established several charities that work to better Tampa, including the Sumter & Ivilyn Lowry Charitable Foundation, the Sumter L. Lowry Foundation, and the Lowry Murphey Family Foundation. Among other endeavors, the Sumter L. Lowry Foundation maintains Mount Lyn Lowry, a mountain and mountaintop memorial to Lowry's daughter in Haywood County, North Carolina. Lowry died in Tampa on February 3, 1985, and was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in Tampa.

paragraph: Section::::Legacy.

paragraph: Lowry was the recipient of two honorary degrees, including one from the University of Tampa and a Doctor of Humanities from Trinity College of Florida, which was awarded in 1966.

paragraph: In 1974, Tampa's Civitan International Club named Lowry the city's "Man of the Year". In announcing the award, the club's spokesman said Civitan selected Lowry in recognition of his many years of service to the community, including his military experience, civic and charitable efforts, and work to promote patriotism and anticommunism.

paragraph: Lowry was named Virginia Military Institute's Distinguished Alumni for 1974. He also endowed VMI's Sumter L. Lowry Award. VMI presents an annual award, The Society of the Cincinnati Medal, to a top performing cadet, and Lowry was the 1914 recipient. VMI's Lowry Award is one of several that provide a cash prize to the recipient of the Cincinnati Medal. In addition, Lowry was the creator of the Florida National Guard's Lowry Award, which is presented annually to the organization's top company grade officer (captain or lieutenant). Lowry also endowed the Lowry Freedom Award at the University of Tampa for presentation to each year's top performing Reserve Officers' Training Corps cadet.

paragraph: Section::::Family.

paragraph: In 1916 he married Elizabeth Bellamy Parkhill (1896-1942), and their children included: Helen (1917-1918); Elizabeth (Betty) (1920-1925); Sumter (1924-2000); and Ann (1934-2005), the wife of David R. Murphey III. In 1945, Lowry married Ivilyn Ingram (1903-1988). They were the parents of a daughter, Ivilyn (Lyn) (1947-1962).

paragraph: Section::::Archival material.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lowry Papers, Special and Digital Collections, University of South Florida Tampa Library (27 boxes).

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sumter Lowry Currency Collection, University of South Florida — Tampa Library.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scrapbook from VMI years/a, Virginia Military Institute library.

wikidata_label: Sumter deLeon Lowry

wikipedia_title: Sumter de Leon Lowry Jr.


text:
Brigadier General
MSM
CD
Royal Canadian Air Force
CFB Trenton
Russell Williams
Criminal Code
Royal Military College of Canada
mechanical engineering
navigator
War in Afghanistan
Brigadier General
Royal Canadian Air Force
CFB Trenton
Brig. Gen.

categories: Recipients of the Meritorious Service Decoration,Royal Military College of Canada alumni,Royal Canadian Air Force personnel,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Dave Cochrane (Canadian Forces officer)

paragraph: Brigadier General David Bruce "Dave" Cochrane, MSM, CD is a Royal Canadian Air Force officer. Brig. Gen. Cochrane is currently the Commander National Cadet and Junior Canadian Ranger Support Group in Ottawa, Ontario Canada. He succeeded BGen Kelly Woiden.

paragraph: Col. Cochrane assumed command of CFB Trenton, as well as the primary lodger unit for the base, 8 Wing, on February 19, 2010 eleven days after his predecessor, Russell Williams, was formally charged under the Criminal Code with two counts of first-degree murder along with two counts of forcible confinement and two counts of break and enter and sexual assault.

paragraph: Col. Cochrane graduated from Royal Military College of Canada in 1986 with a degree in mechanical engineering, and later qualified as a navigator. In 2009, he deployed overseas for six months and served in the War in Afghanistan as commanding officer of Theatre Support Element Roto 8.

paragraph: Colonel Dave Cochrane was promoted to the Rank of Brigadier General in Royal Canadian Air Force on 11 February 2015.

paragraph: He transferred command of CFB Trenton in August 2011. He graduated from the year-long Australian Defence College, Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies Course. Brigadier-General Cochrane assumed the position of Senior Advisor to the National Security Advisor in the Privy Council Office in Ottawa in early 2013. Promoted to Brigadier-General in 2015, he assumed the position of Commander 2 Canadian Air Division in Winnipeg overseeing individual training and education for RCAF officers and non-commissioned members (NCMs). was appointed to the command of 2 Canadian Air Division in Winnipeg.

paragraph: In summer 2018, BGen Cocharane was be appointed Commander National Cadet and Junior Canadian Ranger Support Group in Ottawa, succeeding BGen Kelly Woiden.

paragraph: Section::::Honours and Decorations.

paragraph: Brig. Gen. Dave Cochrane Has Been Awarded the Following Honours and Decorations During His Military Career.

paragraph: br

paragraph: br

paragraph: BULLET::::- Brig. Gen. Dave Cochrane has earned the Canadian Forces Air Combat Systems Officer (ACSO) Wings.

description: Canadian Air Force officer

wikidata_label: Dave Cochrane

wikipedia_title: Dave Cochrane (Canadian Forces officer)


text: Scottish

text: goalkeeper

text: Partick Thistle

text: Celtic

text: East Fife

text: Queen of the South

text: Dundee

text: Ross County

text: Scotland National Football Team

text: Gordon Strachan

text: Norway

text: Celtic

text: Scottish Youth Cup

text: Third Division

text: East Fife

text: Ayr United

text: Exeter City

text: Lincoln City

text: FIFA

text: Gordon Chisholm

text: Dumfries

text: Queen of the South

text: Celtic

text: David Hutton

text: Palmerston Park

text: Kenny Brannigan

text: Morton

text: Cappielow

text: Dundee

text: Ayr United

text: Cowdenbeath

text: 2012–13 season

text: First Division

text: Scottish Premier League

text: Paul Gallacher

text: 2013–14 Scottish Premiership

text: Ross County

text: Firhill

text: Jordan Slew

text: Paul McGowan

text: Gary Harkins

text: Aberdeen

text: Scottish Premiership

text: Ross County

text: Scottish League Cup

text: Scottish Championship

text: Scottish Challenge Cup

text: Partick Thistle

text: Scotland under-19

text: 2006 European Under-19 Championship

text: Poland

text: 2007 Under-20 World Cup

text: Costa Rica

text: Scotland

text: USA

text: Norway

text: Celtic

text: SPL Under-19 League

text: Scottish Youth Cup

text: Partick Thistle

text: Scottish First Division

text: Ross County

text: Scottish Championship

text: Scottish Challenge Cup

categories: Dundee F.C. players,Scottish footballers,Celtic F.C. players,Scottish Football League players,1987 births,Living people,Queen of the South F.C. players,East Fife F.C. players,Sportspeople from Bellshill,Ross County F.C. players,Partick Thistle F.C. players,Scotland youth international footballers,Association football goalkeepers

paragraph: Scott Fox

paragraph: Scott Fox (born 28 June 1987) is a Scottish professional goalkeeper, who plays for Partick Thistle. He has previously played for Celtic, East Fife, Queen of the South, Dundee, and Ross County. Fox was selected by Scotland National Football Team manager Gordon Strachan to be part of the national squad to face Norway in 2013.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Celtic.

paragraph: Fox began his career at Celtic, however he never made an appearance for the club. During his time at Celtic he was part of the side that won the double of under-19 league and Scottish Youth Cup in 2005 and 2006. On 20 August 2007, he signed for Third Division club East Fife on loan. While he was at East Fife, he won the Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month award for November 2007. On 15 January 2008, he agreed to move to Ayr United on loan for the rest of the season, however Celtic cancelled the loan and the transfer never took place.

paragraph: With his contract at Celtic having expired in Summer 2009, Fox went on trial at Exeter City and Lincoln City. However, due to Celtic being entitled to a development fee and still holding his registration as he was under 23, there was no contract offer. Fox eventually took his case to FIFA although he ultimately lost and spent six months without playing.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Queen of the South.

paragraph: Manager Gordon Chisholm signed Fox on 29 January 2010, for Dumfries club Queen of the South from Celtic on amateur forms. Chisholm gave Fox his debut on 16 February 2010 in place of the suspended David Hutton. Fox debuted with a clean sheet to his name in a 3–0 win for Queens at Palmerston Park against Ayr United. His next appearance came under the management of Kenny Brannigan on 3 April 2010, when he came on as a substitute in the 36th minute when Hutton injured his back away to Morton at Cappielow. The game ended in a 3–3 draw. Fox played in 6 league matches for Queen of the South. He was not on the "Queens" retained list at the end of the 2009–10 season.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Dundee.

paragraph: Fox joined up for the second time with manager Gordon Chisholm at the start of July 2010 when he joined Dundee.

paragraph: He was released in October when the club entered administration.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Partick Thistle.

paragraph: Fox was on trial for Partick Thistle during a 4–0 reserve team victory against Ayr United. He made his first team debut as a trialist on 30 October 2010, in a 1–0 victory for Partick Thistle against Cowdenbeath. At the end of the 2010–11 season, Fox received the Player of the Year award from the club.

paragraph: In April 2013, Fox signed a new contract keeping him at Partick Thistle until 2015. At the end of the 2012–13 season, with Partick Thistle having won the First Division, gaining promotion to the Scottish Premier League, Fox was named in the PFA Scotland 2012–13 First Division Team of the Year.

paragraph: Following a bad ankle injury in late 2013, Fox was replaced by substitute keeper and ex-Scotland international Paul Gallacher for the remainder of the 2013–14 Scottish Premiership season. Fox made an appearance on the final day of the season in a 3–2 loss to Ross County at Firhill, however he collided heavily with County's Jordan Slew and was stretchered off with ankle trauma.

paragraph: On 16 August 2014, Fox was sent off against Dundee in the second game of Thistle's 2014–15 Scottish Premiership campaign following an incident with Paul McGowan. He was replaced by Paul Gallacher, who saved the subsequent Gary Harkins penalty. In November 2014, Fox called off the day before Thistle were due to play Aberdeen due to apparent food poisoning. Gallacher subsequently took his place in goals, however Thistle went on to lose the match 1–0.

paragraph: Fox left the club in May 2015, having made 135 appearances in total for Thistle.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Ross County.

paragraph: On 29 May 2015, Fox made the switch to Scottish Premiership rivals Ross County, signing a two-year deal. During his time at the club Fox helped County win the Scottish League Cup, though he missed the final due to injury. Fox also won the Scottish Championship and the Scottish Challenge Cup. Fox left County in May 2019 having not agreed a new contract with the club.

paragraph: Section::::Club career.:Return to Partick Thistle.

paragraph: Fox signed a two-year contract with Partick Thistle on 1 July 2019.

paragraph: Section::::International career.

paragraph: Fox was part of the Scotland under-19 squad that made it to the final of the 2006 European Under-19 Championship in Poland. He was also named in the squad that took part in the 2007 Under-20 World Cup. He played in Scotland's final match of the tournament, a 2–1 defeat against Costa Rica that saw them exit the tournament at the group stage.

paragraph: Fox was selected for the full Scotland squad for the first time in November 2013, for the matches against USA and Norway.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Club.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Celtic

paragraph: BULLET::::- SPL Under-19 League: 2004–05, 2005–06

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Youth Cup: 2004–05, 2005–06

paragraph: BULLET::::- Partick Thistle

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish First Division: 2012–13

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ross County

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Championship: 2018–19

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Challenge Cup: 2018–19

paragraph: Section::::Honours.:Individual.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month: November 2007

paragraph: BULLET::::- Scottish Football League Player of the Month: January 2011

paragraph: BULLET::::- PFA Scotland First Division Team of the Year: 2012–13, 2018-19

description: Scottish footballer

wikidata_label: Scott Fox

wikipedia_title: Scott Fox


text:
Sāmānid
Nuh I
Abu 'Ali Chaghani
Khurasan
Buyids
Caliph
Turkish
Alptigin
Muhammad ibn Abu 'Ali Muhammad Bal'ami
Nasr's
Bukhara
Mansur I

categories: 10th-century Iranian people,Samanids,10th-century monarchs in the Middle East,944 births,961 deaths

paragraph: Abd al-Malik I (Samanid emir)

paragraph: 'Abd al-Malik I (died late 961) was emir of the Sāmānids (954–961). He was the son of Nuh I.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Nuh's death in 954 had potentially spelled disaster for the Samanid state, since the rebel Abu 'Ali Chaghani was in a good position to make good on his claims to Khurasan; he had the support of both the Buyids and the Caliph. He died before he could press his claims, however, sparing 'Abd al-Malik from having to deal with him.

paragraph: Unfortunately the Samanid state became increasingly internally unstable during Abd al-Malik's reign. The governor of Khurasan, Bakr ibn Malik al-Farghani, was murdered by the amir's Turkish guard. He was replaced for some time by Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Simjuri, and Abu Ja'far 'Utbi was made vizier. However, the Turkish contingent of the military was rapidly gaining more and more power. The Turkish leader Alptigin managed to gain the governorship of Khurasan for himself, and had Muhammad ibn Abu 'Ali Muhammad Bal'ami, son of Emir Nasr's vizier, promoted to that post. The new vizier, however, fell under the influence of the Turks, further cementing their grip on power within the state.

paragraph: 'Abd al-Malik was not able to stop the expansion of the Turks' powers, resulting in the Turks being effectively in control by the time he died in 961 after falling from his horse at Bukhara. Following his death, Alptigin attempted to appoint his son as amir, but another group, led by Fa'iq, managed to put 'Abd al-Malik's brother Mansur I on the throne.

description: Samanid emir

wikidata_label: Abd al-Malik I

wikipedia_title: Abd al-Malik I (Samanid emir)


text:
Samanids
Mansur I
Abu'l-Husain 'Abd-Allah ibn Ahmad 'Utbi
Karakhanids
Isfijab
Khurasan
Herat
Buyids
'Adud al-Daula
Fa'iq
Bukhara
Balkh
Herat
Gurgan
Abu Ali Damghani
Abu Nasr Ahmad
ghulams
Bektuzun
Samarkand
Nishapur
Abd al-Aziz
Gharchistan
Shah Muhammad
Abu Nasr Muhammad
Sebük Tigin
Ghazna
Khwarazm
Mahmud
Tus
Oxus
Mansur II

categories: Medieval child rulers,10th-century Iranian people,Samanids,997 deaths,Year of birth unknown,10th-century monarchs in the Middle East

paragraph: Nuh II

paragraph: Nuh II (, died 23 July 997) was amir of the Samanids (976–997). He was the son and successor of Mansur I.

paragraph: Section::::Beginning and Middle of Reign.

paragraph: Having ascended the throne as a youth, Nuh was assisted by his mother and his vizier Abu'l-Husain 'Abd-Allah ibn Ahmad 'Utbi. Sometime around his ascension, the Karakhanids invaded and captured the upper Zarafshan Valley, where the Samanid silver mines were located. In 980 they struck again, seizing Isfijab. 'Utbi, however was focused on removing Abu'l-Hasan Simjuri, the Samanid governor of Khurasan. The vizier considered Abu'l-Hasan to be too powerful; he managed to remove him from the post in 982. He replaced him with one of his own partisans, a Turkish general called Tash. Abu'l-Hasan fled to his appendage in Kuhistan, to the south of Herat.

paragraph: An expedition against the Buyids was mobilized in Khurisan, also in 982; it was initially successful, but the Samanid forces were subsequently crushed. A Buyid invasion of the Samanid state was prevented only by the death of 'Adud al-Daula. 'Utbi attempted to regroup the army, but was assassinated by supporters of Abu'l-Hasan and Fa'iq.

paragraph: 'Utbi's death sparked an uprising in the capital Bukhara; Nuh was forced to request Tash's assistance in crushing the revolt. The governor succeeded in this task, and prepared to fight the armies of Abu'l-Hasan and his son Abu 'Ali, along with Fa'iq. Eventually, however, he changed his mind and made peace with the Simjuris and Fa'iq. Tash convinced Nuh to give Fa'iq control of Balkh and to Abu 'Ali control of Herat; Abu'l-Hasan was restored in Khurasan, while Tash kept his governorship of Khurasan.

paragraph: This peace was broken by 'Utbi's successor Muhammad ibn 'Uzair; the vizier had been rivals with 'Utbi and therefore disliked Tash. Nuh, due to Muhammad's advice, stripped Tash of his office and reinstated Abu'l-Hasan to the governorship. Tash fled to the Buyids, who provided him with assistance. The Simjuris and Fa'iq defeated him near the end of 987, however, and he fled to Gurgan, where he died in 988. During the same year, Nuh appointed Abu Ali Damghani as his new vizier, but later replaced him with Abu Nasr Ahmad as his vizier. Six months later, however, Abu Nasr Ahmad was assassinated by the "ghulams" of Nuh's palace, and Abu Ali Damghani was shortly re-appointed as Nuh's vizier.

paragraph: Abu'l-Hasan also died around this time; his son Abu 'Ali succeeded him as governor of Khurasan. This greatly increased his power, a move which alarmed Fa'iq. The quarrel between the two turned hostile; Abu 'Ali defeated Fa'iq in battle in around 990. During his retreat, Fa'iq attempted to seize Bukhara, but Nuh's Turkish general Bektuzun inflicted another defeat on him. Fa'iq then headed back to Balkh. Nuh managed to convince several of his vassals to mobilize their forces against Fa'iq, but the latter could retain his position.

paragraph: Section::::The Karakhanids and End of Reign.

paragraph: The Karakhanids, who in addition to their seizures of Samanid territory had inherited several petty Turkish principalities that had been virtually independent from Bukhara, launched a full-scale invasion in the end of 991. Their ruler, Bughra Khan, destroyed an army sent by Nuh to stop him. The amir then pardoned Fa'iq and gave him the governorship of Samarkand, in exchange for a promise from the latter to fight the Karakhanids. After some time, however, Fa'iq surrendered to Bughra Khan, who then marched toward Bukhara. Nuh fled, and the Karakhanids entered the capital in the late spring of 992, where they managed to capture Abu Ali Damghani. The amir then turned to Abu 'Ali, still residing in Nishapur, Khurasan's provincial capital. He requested his assistance, but the latter initially refused. The situation changed when Bughra Khan fell sick in Bukhara; he made Nuh's uncle Abd al-Aziz the ruler of the Samanid dynasty as an Karakhanid puppet, traveled to Samarkand, and then died on the road northward. During the same period, Abu Ali Damghani, who was a captive of the Karakhanids, died. The garrison left in Bukhara was defeated by Nuh in the summer of that year, who had Abd al-Aziz blinded and imprisoned.

paragraph: Fa'iq attempted to take Bukhara himself, but was defeated. He then fled to Abu 'Ali; the two settled their past differences and resolved to put an end to Samanid rule. They first began conquering the petty kingdoms who supported the Samanids; Abu 'Ali invaded Gharchistan, and repelled its ruler Shah Muhammad along with his father Abu Nasr Muhammad from the region. Nuh then requested assistance from the Sebük Tigin of Ghazna. The Ghaznavid agreed to provide assistance, and Nuh's forces were further strengthened by the help of Khwarazm and several other of his vassals. A battle in Khurasan in August 994 resulted in the a crushing victory for the amir and his allies. The rebels fled to Gurgan; Nuh rewarded Sebük Tigin and his son Mahmud with titles, and gave the governorship of Khurasan to Mahmud as well.

paragraph: In 995 Abu 'Ali and Fa'iq returned with new forces and expelled Mahmud from Nishapur. Sebük Tigin met up with his son and together they defeated the rebels near Tus. Abu 'Ali and Fa'iq fled northward; the latter sought refuge with the Karakhanids. Nuh, however, pardoned Abu 'Ali, and sent him to Khwarazm. The Khwarazm Shah, who held southern Khwarazm as a Samanid vassal, imprisoned Abu 'Ali. Both of them were captured when the Samanid governor of northern Khwarazm invaded from Gurganj. He annexed southern Khwarazm and sent Abu 'Ali back to Nuh. The amir sent him to Sebük Tigin in 996, and he was subsequently executed by the Ghaznavids.

paragraph: Fa'iq, meanwhile, had attempted Bughra Khan's successor Nasr Khan to launch a campaign against the Samanids. The Karakhanid, however, instead made peace with Nuh. Fa'iq was pardoned and handed back the governorship of Samarkand. Although peace had finally been established, the years of conflict preceding it had heavily hurt the Samanids; the Karakhanids had taken control of much of the northeast, while the Ghazvanids had entrenched themselves in Khurasan and the lands south of the Oxus. The governor of Khwarazm only nominally accepted Nuh's authority. It was in this greatly weakened condition that Nuh left the Samanid state in when he died in 997. He was succeeded by his son Mansur II.

description: Samanid ruler

wikidata_label: Nuh II

wikipedia_title: Nuh II


text:
guitarist
power metal
Helloween
Hamburg
1962-1966
The Beatles
The Beatles
Deep Purple
Scorpions
UFO
Van Halen
Led Zeppelin
Sex Pistols
Wishbone Ash
Eric Clapton
Jimi Hendrix
Ritchie Blackmore
Uli Jon Roth
Eddie Van Halen
Kai Hansen
Markus Grosskopf
Ingo Schwichtenberg
Noise Records
Death Metal
Uli Kusch
Catholic
Puerto de la Cruz
Tenerife
Helloween
Walls of Jericho
Keeper of the Seven Keys Part 1
Keeper of the Seven Keys Part 2
Pink Bubbles Go Ape
Chameleon
Master of the Rings
The Time of the Oath
Better Than Raw
Metal Jukebox
The Dark Ride
Rabbit Don't Come Easy
Gambling with the Devil
Unarmed – Best of 25th Anniversary
7 Sinners
Straight Out of Hell
My God-Given Right
Marshall
Marshall
DigiTech
Vox AC30
Gibson Les Paul
Gibson Les Paul
Gibson Flying V
Gibson Flying V
Gibson Les Paul
Gibson Flying V
Gibson Explorer
Gibson L6-S
Fender Stratocaster
Gibson Les Paul
Sascha Gerstner
DigiTech
Marshall

categories: German Christians,Musicians from Hamburg,Helloween members,German heavy metal guitarists,Male guitarists,Lead guitarists,1962 births,Living people

paragraph: Michael Weikath

paragraph: Michael Ingo Joachim "Weiki" Weikath (born 7 August 1962) is a German musician and songwriter, best known as a founding member and one of the guitarists and backing vocalists of pioneering power metal band Helloween.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Weikath was born in Hamburg, Germany and was musical from a very early age. As a four to five-year-old, he would lie in the grass, looking at the sky, and come up with melodies in his head. He began taking a serious interest in music in 1971 and spent much of his time as a child at the tube stereo set of his parents, listening to all the stations available at the time. The first album he owned was "1962-1966" by The Beatles.

paragraph: In 1974, Weikath started playing the guitar and later on began rehearsing with his friends. He formed his first band, Powerfool, in 1978. Prior to forming Helloween, he worked for a record mail order company. In 1982, he served heavy social duty as an alternative to military service. The main bands that have had an influence on him are The Beatles, Deep Purple, Scorpions, UFO, Van Halen, Led Zeppelin, the Sex Pistols, and Wishbone Ash. The guitarists that influenced him when he started playing were Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Ritchie Blackmore, Uli Jon Roth, and Eddie Van Halen.

paragraph: Weikath is one of the founding members of Helloween, along with Kai Hansen (vocals/guitar), Markus Grosskopf (bass), and Ingo Schwichtenberg (drums). He is one of only two original members still active in the band, the other being Markus Grosskopf. Weikath integrated the first Helloween line up in 1982. By 1984, the band had signed a deal with Noise Records and recorded two songs for a Noise compilation record called "Death Metal". On that album, he was responsible for the song "Oernst of Life."

paragraph: In a 1998 interview with Weikath, "Chaotic Critiques" webzine pointed out the occasional spiritual themes and uplifting melodies on songs such as "Hey Lord!" and asked if the band was somewhat spiritual. Weikath replied that all the band, except Uli Kusch, were Christian. Weikath stated that he himself is Catholic. Today, he resides in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Helloween" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Walls of Jericho" (1985)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Keeper of the Seven Keys Part 1" (1987)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Keeper of the Seven Keys Part 2" (1988)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pink Bubbles Go Ape" (1991)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Chameleon" (1993)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Master of the Rings" (1994)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Time of the Oath" (1996)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Better Than Raw" (1998)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Metal Jukebox" (1999)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "The Dark Ride" (2000)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Rabbit Don't Come Easy" (2003)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "" (2005)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gambling with the Devil" (2007)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Unarmed – Best of 25th Anniversary" (2009)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "7 Sinners" (2010)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Straight Out of Hell" (2013)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "My God-Given Right" (2015)

paragraph: Section::::Equipment.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Div and 1973 Marshall amplifier (50-watt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Div and 1982 Marshall amplifier (100-watt)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Div ENGL amplifiers

paragraph: BULLET::::- "DigiTech GSP1101 Guitar Multi Effects Processor

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Vox AC30 Orange Overdrive amplifier

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1990 Gibson Les Paul black

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1990 Gibson Les Paul white

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1990 Gibson Flying V white

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2012 Gibson Flying V custom

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2015 Gibson Les Paul Standard trans blue

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2016 Gibson Flying V T soaring rock tones

paragraph: BULLET::::- "2018 Epiphone Limited Edition Flying V Custom

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gibson Explorer custom black/white

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1976 Gibson L6-S

paragraph: BULLET::::- "1974/75/79 Fender Stratocasters

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Gibson Les Paul Goldtop

paragraph: Like fellow Helloween guitarist Sascha Gerstner, Weikath is using a "DigiTech GSP1101" preamp with a "Marshall JVM410H" amplifier for live performances.

description: German musician

wikidata_label: Michael Weikath

wikipedia_title: Michael Weikath