text:
king of the Picts
Saint Andrew
patron saint
Scotland
Caustantín
Dál Riata
Fergus mac Echdach
Óengus mac Fergusa
Mearns
Eóganachta
Munster
Ireland
Eogán
Domnall
Duan Albanach
Máel Coluim (III) mac Donnchada
kings of Scots
Fergus Mór
origins of the Kingdom of Alba
Gaelic
Dunkeld
St Andrews
Irish annals
Drest mac Caustantín
Eogán
Vikings
Walter Bower
Scotichronicon
Angles
John of Fordun
Andrew of Wyntoun
Athelstan of England
Athelstan of East Anglia
Guthrum the Old
Milvian Bridge
Saltire
George Buchanan
Túathalán
Abbot of Cennrígmonaid
Nechtan mac Der-Ilei
St Andrews Sarcophagus
Saint Regulus
Forteviot
House of Óengus
Anderson, Alan Orr
Bannerman, John
Dauvit Broun
Thomas Owen Clancy
John of Fordun
William Forbes Skene
Foster, Sally M.
Annals of Ulster, part 1, at CELT
translated
Duan Albanach, at CELT
translated
The Pictish Chronicle

categories: Pictish monarchs,8th-century births,834 deaths

paragraph: Óengus II

paragraph: Óengus mac Fergusa (Angus MacFergus; Irish "Onuist", latinized "Hungus") was king of the Picts from 820 until 834. In Scottish historiography, he is associated with the veneration of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Óengus succeeded his brother Caustantín to the throne. Previously thought to have been of Dál Riatan origin and descended from Fergus mac Echdach, their family is now assumed to have been that of the first king Óengus mac Fergusa, perhaps originating in Circinn (presumed to correspond with the modern Mearns), a Pictish family with ties to the Eóganachta of Munster in Ireland.

paragraph: Óengus, along with his brother, son Eogán, and nephew Domnall, is included in the "Duan Albanach", a praise poem from the reign of Máel Coluim (III) mac Donnchada listing Máel Coluim's predecessors as kings of Scots, of Alba and of Dál Riata from Fergus Mór and his brothers onwards. The inclusion of Pictish kings from Caustantín to Eogán in the "Duan" led to the supposition that Dál Riata was ruled by Pictish kings, or rather that Dál Riata kings ruled Pictland, leading to supposition that the origins of the Kingdom of Alba lay in a Gaelic conquest of Pictland. However, it is now suggested that their inclusion is due to their importance in the religious communities of Dunkeld and St Andrews, where they were seen as founders and early patrons. However, a modern reconstruction of the later lists of Dál Riata kings presumes that Óengus's nephew Domnall was king of Dál Riata during this time (approximately 811–835).

paragraph: Óengus died in 834, the only event of his reign reported in the Irish annals, and was succeeded by his nephew Drest mac Caustantín. Óengus's son Eogán was later king and was killed with his brother Bran in a battle against Vikings in 839.

paragraph: Section::::Association with Saint Andrew.

paragraph: Walter Bower in his "Scotichronicon" (1440s) supplies a legend according to which Saint Andrew appears to Óengus II in 832, on the eve of a battle against the Angles. The saint advises the king to watch for the "sign of the Cross of Christ in the air". Bower's account has precedents in earlier chroniclers John of Fordun ( IV, xiii–xiv) and Andrew of Wyntoun. A still earlier reference of the 12th century simply states that "King Hungus" won a victory aided by Saint Andrew, in gratitude for which the Picts agreed to venerate the Saint. Skene, in his notes to Fordun, IV, xiii–xiv, states that the episode is placed in the 4th century, making the entire tale anachronistic in the extreme. The three kings whom the legend has been tied to are Athelstan of England and Athelstan of East Anglia, as well as Guthrum the Old (whose baptismal name was Athelstan).

paragraph: The "Cross of Christ" vision in Bower's account (itself a reminisence of the Milvian Bridge episode) is turned into the white on blue Saltire in the narrative by George Buchanan (1506–1582), who has such a saltire appear in the sky in the form of a cloud formation during the battle.

paragraph: The religious site at St Andrews, originally Cennrígmonaid, long predates this Óengus. Túathalán, first known Abbot of Cennrígmonaid, died in 747, and it is thought likely that the establishment is due to the earlier Óengus (king from 729; died 761) or to Nechtan mac Der-Ilei (king 706–724 and ?728–729; died 732). The St Andrews Sarcophagus is assumed to have been made for the remains of Nechtan or the first Óengus. The later St Andrews tradition recounting the supposed arrival of Saint Regulus (or Saint Rule) at St Andrews, with relics of St Andrew, has him met at Forteviot by three sons of Óengus: Eogán, Nechtan and Finguine.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Óengus

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Anderson, Alan Orr, "Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286", volume 1. Reprinted with corrections, Stamford: Paul Watkins, 1990.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bannerman, John. "The Scottish Takeover of Pictland and the relics of Columba" in Dauvit Broun and Thomas Owen Clancy (eds.) "Spes Scotorum: Saint Columba, Iona and Scotland." Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1999

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dauvit Broun, "Dunkeld and the origins of Scottish Identity" in Dauvit Broun and Thomas Owen Clancy (eds), op. cit.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broun, Dauvit. "Pictish Kings 761-839: Integration with Dál Riata or Separate Development" in Sally Foster (ed.) "The St Andrews Sarcophagus: A Pictish masterpiece and its international connections." Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1998.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broun, Dauvit, "The church of St Andrews and its foundation legend in the early twelfth century" in Simon Taylor (ed.) "Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland, 500-1297: : essays in honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the occasion of her ninetieth birthday." Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Clancy, Thomas Owen. "Caustantín son of Fergus (Uurgust)" in M. Lynch (ed.) "The Oxford Companion to Scottish History." Oxford & New York: Oxford UP, 2002.

paragraph: BULLET::::- John of Fordun, "Chronicle of the Scottish Nation", ed. William Forbes Skene, tr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 vols. Reprinted, Lampeter: Llanerch Press, 1993.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Foster, Sally M., "Picts, Gaels and Scots: Early Historic Scotland." London: Batsford,

paragraph: BULLET::::- Henderson, Isabel. ""Primus inter Pares": the St Andrews Sarcophagus and Pictish Sculpture" in Simon Taylor (ed.) op. cit.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smyth, Alfred P. "Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80-1000." Reprinted, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1998.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Annals of Ulster, part 1, at CELT (translated)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Duan Albanach, at CELT (translated)

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Pictish Chronicle

description: King of the Picts

wikidata_label: Óengus II

wikipedia_title: Óengus II


text:
king of the Picts
Fortriu
Scotland
Causantín mac Cináeda
Dunkeld
relic
Columba
Iona
Óengus
Fergus mac Echdach
Dál Riata
Óengus mac Fergusa
Mearns
Eóganachta
Munster
Ireland
Irish annals
Iona
Applecross
Vikings
Kingarth
Isle of Bute
Conall mac Taidg
Kintyre
Dupplin Cross
Cináed mac Ailpín
Sueno's Stone
Latin
Old Irish
Pictish
Poppleton Manuscript
St Andrews Sarcophagus
Columba
Monymusk Reliquary
Iona
Dunkeld
Chronicon Scotorum
John of Fordun
Andrew of Wyntoun
Charlemagne
Pope Leo III
Martyrology of Tallaght
céli dé
monasteries
Diarmait of Iona
Northumbria
Eogán
Drest
Domnall
House of Óengus
Anderson, Alan Orr
Bannerman, John
Dauvit Broun
Thomas Owen Clancy
John of Fordun
William Forbes Skene
Forsyth, Katherine
Symeon of Durham
Foster, Sally M.
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
University College Cork
The Pictish Chronicle

categories: 820 deaths,Pictish monarchs,8th-century Scottish monarchs,8th-century births

paragraph: Causantín mac Fergusa

paragraph: Causantín or Constantín mac Fergusa () (before 775–820) was king of the Picts (or of Fortriu), in modern Scotland, from 789 until 820. He was until the Victorian era sometimes counted as Constantine I of Scotland; the title is now generally given to Causantín mac Cináeda. He is credited with having founded the church at Dunkeld which later received relics of St Columba from Iona.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: It had been proposed that Causantín and his brother Óengus were sons of Fergus mac Echdach, King of Dál Riata, but this is no longer widely accepted. Instead, it is thought they were kin to the first king Óengus mac Fergusa, perhaps grandsons or grandnephews. This family may have originated in Circinn (presumed to correspond with the modern Mearns), and had with ties to the Eóganachta of Munster in Ireland.

paragraph: Causantín's reign falls in a period when Irish annals have relatively few notices of events in Scotland, possibly due to the failing of the annals believed to have been kept in Scotland at Iona and Applecross. Perhaps for that reason, there are only two reports which mention him. Other entries make it clear that the Vikings were active in Ireland and on the western coasts of Scotland in this time, which may also account for the lack of records. Iona was a target, and it may be that Abbot Noah of Kingarth, on the Isle of Bute, was killed by raiders.

paragraph: The first report, in 789, is the record of a battle in Pictland between Causantín and Conall mac Taidg, in which Causantín was victorious. Conall later reappears in Kintyre, where was killed in 807. It is not known whether Causantín was king before defeating Conall. The king lists give varying lengths for his reign, from 35 to 45 years, and are not to be relied upon without independent confirmation. The second report is that of Causantín's death in 820.

paragraph: The Dupplin Cross was long assumed to commemorate Cináed mac Ailpín's final victory over the Picts, as indeed, was Sueno's Stone. Recent analysis has revealed a small part of an inscription on the Cross, in which Causantín is named. Accordingly, it is supposed that this monument was commissioned by him, or as a memorial to him. He appears there as "Custantin filius Fircus[sa]", a Latinisation derived from the Old Irish version of his name rather than the presumed Pictish form "Castantin filius Uurguist" found in the Poppleton Manuscript and similar Pictish king lists.

paragraph: It has been proposed that the St Andrews Sarcophagus was made for Causantín, but this is a minority view, as is the suggestion that the relics of Columba, perhaps including the Monymusk Reliquary, may have been translated from Iona to Dunkeld during Causantín's reign. The idea that Columba's relics may have come to Dunkeld in the time of Causantín, rather than thirty years later in the time of Cináed mac Ailpín is based on an entry in the "Chronicon Scotorum" for 818.

paragraph: That Causantín established Dunkeld is stated by later chroniclers such as John of Fordun who are following some variants of the Pictish king lists or other materials now lost. Andrew of Wyntoun dates the foundation to 815, although he states that this was after the deaths of Charlemagne and Pope Leo III, which would date it to 816 or later. It is suggested that Causantín is commemorated by the "Martyrology of Tallaght", a product of one of the principal céli dé monasteries of the day. As a patron of the céli dé, and perhaps a collaborator of Abbot Diarmait of Iona, it is thought that Causantín may have been a church reformer, in line with céli dé ideals. Caustantín appears also to have been a patron of the Northumbrian monasteries, as he is commemorated, along with his nephew Eogán, in the "Liber Vitae Dunelmensis", which contains a list of those for whom prayers were said, dating from around 840.

paragraph: Causantín was succeeded by his brother Óengus. His son Drest was later king. Causantín's son Domnall is believed to have been king of Dál Riata from around 811 until 835. Causantín's reputation among the kings who followed him may, perhaps, be demonstrated by the use of his name on for three kings in the century and a half following his death when it is not attested as a kingly name in Scotland prior to his reign.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- House of Óengus

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Broun, Dauvit, "Dunkeld and the origins of Scottish Identity" in Dauvit Broun and Thomas Owen Clancy (eds), op. cit.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Forsyth, Katherine, "Evidence of a lost Pictish source in the "Historia Regum Anglorum" of Symeon of Durham", in Simon Taylor (ed.) "Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland, 500-1297: essays in honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the occasion of her ninetieth birthday." Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork includes the "Annals of Ulster", "Tigernach", "the Four Masters" and "Innisfallen", the "Chronicon Scotorum", the "Lebor Bretnach" (which includes the "Duan Albanach"), Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress. The Martyrology of Tallaght is not presently available.

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Pictish Chronicle

description: King of Picts

wikidata_label: Causantín mac Fergusa

wikipedia_title: Causantín mac Fergusa


text:
American football
defensive end
New York Jets
National Football League
college football
BYU
Timpview High School
Provo, Utah
sacks
Rivals.com
Brigham Young University
Mormon mission
Auckland, New Zealand
BYU's basketball team
interception
touchdown
linebacker
2016 Senior Bowl
Michigan State's
Shilique Calhoun
BYU's pro day
Mitch Mathews
Ryker Mathews
Manoa Pikula
Mike Mayock
Baltimore Ravens
2016 NFL Draft
Boise State's
Kamalei Correa
Grand Valley State's
Matt Judon
Lawrence Guy
Kapron Lewis-Moore
Brandon Williams
Carl Davis
Willie Henry
Timmy Jernigan
John Harbaugh
Brent Urban
New York Jets
Steve Kaufusi
Corbin Kaufusi
New Orleans Saints
Michelle Kaufusi
Provo
BYU Cougars football bio
BYU Cougars basketball bio

categories: American men's basketball players,BYU Cougars football players,American people of Tongan descent,1991 births,Latter Day Saints from Utah,Players of American football from Utah,American football defensive ends,American football defensive tackles,American football linebackers,New York Jets players,Basketball players from Utah,Sportspeople from Provo, Utah,American Mormon missionaries in New Zealand,Baltimore Ravens players,Living people,BYU Cougars men's basketball players

paragraph: Bronson Kaufusi

paragraph: Bronson Kaufusi (born July 6, 1991) is an American football defensive end for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at BYU.

paragraph: Section::::Early years.

paragraph: Kaufusi attended Timpview High School in Provo, Utah. He had 70 tackles and 9.5 sacks as junior and 19 tackles and two sacks his senior year before suffering an injury. Kaufusi was rated by Rivals.com as a four-star recruit and was ranked committed to the Brigham Young University (BYU) to play college football.

paragraph: Section::::College career.

paragraph: After spending two years on his Mormon mission in Auckland, New Zealand, Kaufusi played for the first time at BYU in 2012. He played in all 13 games and had 23 tackles and 4.5 sacks. After the season, he played in 20 games for BYU's basketball team. As a sophomore in 2013, he had 41 tackles, four sacks and an interception returned for a touchdown. After spending his first two years as a defensive lineman, Kaufusi moved to linebacker his junior year. He finished the season 48 tackles and seven sacks. He moved back to defensive end his senior year and recorded 64 tackles and 11 sacks.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.

paragraph: On January 8, 2016, Bronson announced that he had received and accepted an invitation to the 2016 Senior Bowl. On January 30, 2016, he attended the Reese's Senior Bowl and was a part of the South's defensive line that dominated and led them to a 27-16 victory. He attended the NFL Combine and completed all of the required combine drills. Kaufusi performed well and finished 17th among defensive linemen in the 40-yard dash, fifth in the three-cone drill, tied Michigan State's Shilique Calhoun for fourth in the short shuttle, and finished 20th among defensive linemen in the bench press. On March 25, 2016, Kaufusi participated at BYU's pro day, along with Mitch Mathews, Ryker Mathews, Manoa Pikula, Graham Rowley, and six other prospects. Team representatives and scouts from 18 NFL teams attended to scout Kaufusi, who was the main attraction, as he opted to only run positional and stand on his combine numbers. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Kaufusi was projected as a second or third round prospect by the majority of NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the ninth best defensive end prospect by NFLDraftScout.com and the tenth best by NFL analyst Mike Mayock.

paragraph: The Baltimore Ravens selected Kaufusi in the third round (70th overall) of the 2016 NFL Draft. He was the only BYU player drafted in 2016 and the second of three edge rushers selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the 2016 NFL Draft. The Ravens drafted Boise State's Kamalei Correa in the second round (42nd overall) and Grand Valley State's Matt Judon in the fifth round (146th overall).

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Ravens.:2016.

paragraph: On June 14, 2016, the Baltimore Ravens signed Kaufusi to a four-year, $3.45 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $845,016.

paragraph: He competed with Lawrence Guy, Kapron Lewis-Moore and Mario Ojemudia throughout training camp for the backup defensive end position. On August 30, 2016, he was placed on injured/reserve after breaking his ankle in training camp. He missed the entire season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Ravens.:2017.

paragraph: Kaufusi competed with Brandon Williams, Carl Davis, Willie Henry throughout training camp for the vacant starting defensive end position left by the departure of Timmy Jernigan via trade. Head coach John Harbaugh named Kaufusi the backup left defensive end to Brent Urban to begin the regular season.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:Baltimore Ravens.:2018.

paragraph: On September 1, 2018, Kaufusi was waived by the Ravens.

paragraph: Section::::Professional career.:New York Jets.

paragraph: On September 3, 2018, Kaufusi was signed to the New York Jets' practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on October 1, 2018. He was waived on October 5, 2018 and was re-signed back to the practice squad. He was promoted back to the active roster on December 8, 2018.

paragraph: Section::::Personal life.

paragraph: His father, Steve Kaufusi, was the defensive line coach for BYU and his brother, Corbin Kaufusi, is a defensive lineman for the New Orleans Saints. His wife, Hilary, also attended BYU and played on their soccer team. His mother, Michelle Kaufusi, is the current Mayor of Provo.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- BYU Cougars football bio

paragraph: BULLET::::- BYU Cougars basketball bio

description: American-football player (1991-)

wikidata_label: Bronson Kaufusi

wikipedia_title: Bronson Kaufusi


text: Sandhill Park

text: Westaway

text: Pilton

text: Winkleigh

text: Member of Parliament

text: Minehead

text: Sheriff of Somerset

text: Claire Clairmont

text: Lord Byron

text: Allegra

text: Clement's Inn

text: Milverton

text: John Periam

text: Minehead

text: Sandhill Park

text: Bishops Lydeard

text: Somerset

text: William Peryam

text: Little Fulford

text: Crediton

text: Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer

text: Queen Elizabeth I

text: Christopher Lethbridge

text: Exeter

text: Mayor of Exeter

text: Worthies of Devon

text: John Prince

text: Barons FitzWarin

text: Edward Bourchier, 4th Earl of Bath

text: Ledger stone

text: Winchester College

text: Magdalen College, Oxford

text: Sheriff of Somerset

text: baronet

text: Member of Parliament

text: Minehead

text: John Fownes Luttrell

text: feudal barony of Dunster

text: Dunster Castle

text: electoral fraud

text: locum tenens

text: Tate

text: Sandhill Park

text: Bishops Lydeard

text: Ash Priors

text: Somerset

text: John Periam

text: Minehead

text: Salvator Rosa

text: Poussin

text: Guido

text: Vandervelt

text: Snyders

text: Sir Joshua Reynolds

text: Gainsborough

text: Benjamin Hammet

text: Taunton

text: Sheriff of the City of London

text: Pilton House

text: Barton

text: Winkleigh

text: manor

text: caput

text: feudal barony of Gloucester

text: moieties

text: Lysons

text: Magna Britannia

text: family seat

text: Anne Goddard

text: Hatch Court

text: Hatch Beauchamp

text: Taunton

text: Sheriff of Somerset

text: Sir Charles Henry Rich, 2nd Baronet

text: Claire Clairmont

text: Brislington

text: Bristol

text: Births outside marriage

text: William Godwin

text: Fanny Imlay

text: Mary Wollstonecraft

text: Mary

text: Percy Bysshe Shelley

text: Lord Byron

text: Allegra Byron

text: History of Parliament

text: Burke, John

text: Lethbridge, Sir Roper

categories: Lethbridge family,Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom,1746 births,1815 deaths

paragraph: Sir John Lethbridge, 1st Baronet

paragraph: Sir John Lethbridge, 1st Baronet (1746–1815), of Whitehall Place, Westminster; Sandhill Park, Somerset; Westaway in the parish of Pilton, Devon, and Winkleigh Court, Winkleigh, Devon, was Member of Parliament for Minehead in Somerset from 1806-7. He served as Sheriff of Somerset in 1788-9. In 2010 he was discovered to have been the natural father of Claire Clairmont, and thus the grandfather of Lord Byron's daughter Allegra.

paragraph: Section::::Origins.

paragraph: He was born on 12 March 1746, the only son of John Lethbridge (died 1761) of Westaway House in the parish of Pilton, North Devon, by his wife Grace Cardor ("alias" Carder), daughter of Amos Cardor of Westdown House in Devon. John Lethbridge was the only surviving son of Thomas Lethbridge (1698–1734), Gentleman, a lawyer of Clement's Inn, by his wife Sarah Periam, daughter of John Periam (died 1711) of Milverton, Somerset, and sister of John Periam (c. 1701 – 1788) of Milverton, MP for Minehead (1742-7). John Periam in 1720 built a mansion at Sandhill Park in the parish of Bishops Lydeard, Somerset, which descended to the Lethbridge family. Periam was descended from Sir William Peryam (1534–1604) of Little Fulford, near Crediton in Devon, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer under Queen Elizabeth I. Thomas had another son Thomas Lethbridge (1724–1744), Gentleman, who died aged 20 and was buried in the Bowchier vault in Pilton Church. Thomas Lethbridge was a younger son of Christopher Lethbridge, Esquire, of Westaway, by his wife Margaret Bowchier (whom he married on 3 January 1681/2), daughter and heiress of Phillip Bowchier (1623–1687) of Westaway. Christopher's uncle was Christopher Lethbridge (died 1670) of Exeter in Devon, Mayor of Exeter in 1660, and one of the "Worthies of Devon" of the biographer John Prince, (1643–1723). Mayor Christopher Lethbridge appears to have been the ultimate source of the great wealth of the Lethbridge family of Sandhill Park.

paragraph: The connection to the Bowchiers of Westaway provided the basis for a Lethbridge claim of heirship to the Barons FitzWarin, which had fallen into abeyance with the in 1636 death of Edward Bourchier, 4th Earl of Bath, though there is no documented connection between him and the Bowchiers. In 1786 John Lethbridge, the future 1st Baronet, made a generous gift of several thousand pounds to the Prince Regent "to relieve the Prince of Wales, out of concern for the dignity of the Royal family and the country and with no ulterior motive." However, it seems this gift was later used as a reason for the king to compensate the 1st Baronet by the grant of the title "Baron FitzWarin", "alias" "Fitzwarren". In 1809 he made an application to the king for the barony, and in 1811 his son wrote to the Prime Minister that this had been desired by his father "for many years", "as a mark of royal favour". A third application was made in 1812, but all without result.

paragraph: A Ledger stone survives in St Mary's Church, Pilton, to Phillip Bowchier (1623–1687) of Westaway, inscribed as follows:

paragraph: Section::::Career.

paragraph: He was educated at Winchester College and matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford in 1764. He served as Sheriff of Somerset in 1788-9 and as a captain in the Somerset Fencibles in 1794, raised to meet the threat of French invasion. He was created a baronet in 1804, "of Westaway House in Devon and Winkley Court in the County of Somerset". He served as Member of Parliament for Minehead in Somerset from 1806-7, apparently due to the influence over that seat exerted by his friend John Fownes Luttrell (1752–1816), feudal barony of Dunster of nearby Dunster Castle, who "having incurred liability for a treating offence [a form of electoral fraud] and to avoid risking a petition, returned Lethbridge as "locum tenens" until the danger of a petition was past".

paragraph: The Tate holds a 1785 portrait entitled "The Lethbridge Children", presumably commissioned by him. The accompanying description states that he was a governor of the British Mineral Water Hospital in the 1770s and 80s (now the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases).

paragraph: Section::::Character.

paragraph: He was described by Lady Spencer (who called him "Sir Richard Lethmore") as "a most abominable profligate—a rustic roué, very rich and using his riches for the worst purposes".

paragraph: Section::::Landholdings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sandhill Park the estate of which lies partly in the parishes of Bishops Lydeard and Ash Priors, Somerset, built in 1720 by his grandfather's father-in-law John Periam (or possibly by the latter's son John Periam, MP for Minehead) who called it "Hill House". John Lethbridge (died 1815), later 1st Baronet, came to Sandhill in 1767, and it was in all probability at that time that the house was enlarged and the walls hung with pictures, including valuable examples by Salvator Rosa, Poussin, Guido, Vandervelt, Snyders, Sir Joshua Reynolds and Gainsborough, and at the same time the library received its large collection of ancient books. The 1st Baronet spent lavishly on "adorning his place and mansion", as was reported by Lady Spencer, who related the following story (in which she refers to him as "Sir Richard"):

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hammett's estate, Somerset. In 1811 he bought the estate of Sir Benjamin Hammet (died 1800) at Taunton, Somerset. Hammet was a banker, MP for Taunton 1782-1800 and Sheriff of the City of London.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Westaway, Pilton, Devon, sold by his son in 1819 to James Whyte of Pilton House.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Winkleigh Court, also known as "Court Barton", in the parish of Winkleigh, Devon. This manor was an important one in the county, being the "caput" of the Devonshire holdings of the feudal barony of Gloucester. It was at some time split into two moieties (Winkleigh Keynes and Winkleigh Tracey), but by 1822, when Lysons published his "Magna Britannia", both belonged to Sir Thomas Buckler Lethbridge, 2nd Baronet (1778–1849). The Lethbridge family seat was near the church, but shortly before 1822 had been sold to Rev. John Tossell Johnson.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: In June 1776 he married Dorothea Buckler, a daughter and co-heiress of William Buckler of Boreham in Wiltshire, by whom he had one son and two daughters as follows.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Sir Thomas Buckler Lethbridge, 2nd Baronet (1778–1849), son and heir, several times MP for Somerset, who married Anne Goddard.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dorothea Lethbridge, wife of Henry Powell Collins (1776–1854), of Hatch Court, Hatch Beauchamp, Somerset, twice MP for Taunton (1811-1818, 1819-1820) and Sheriff of Somerset in 1827.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Frances-Maria Lethbridge, wife of Sir Charles Henry Rich, 2nd Baronet (1784–1857) of Shirley House, Southampton.

paragraph: In 2010 Lethbridge was discovered to be the father of Claire Clairmont. It appears that Lethbridge had an affair with Mary Jane Vial Clairmont, who gave birth to a daughter on 27 April 1798 in Brislington, near Bristol. Births outside marriage then carried great stigma for the mother and child. Correspondence, including lawyers' letters, show that, after some pressure, he acknowledged paternity and made a financial settlement. Nonetheless, the child did not bear his name: the mother identified him as a "Charles Clairmont", adopting the name Clairmont for herself and both her children, to disguise their illegitimacy. A few years later, she married the writer and philosopher William Godwin, so Lethbridge's daughter grew up in a literary household with a blended family, including Godwin's stepdaughter (Fanny Imlay) and daughter by his late wife Mary Wollstonecraft. When the younger of these, Mary, eloped with the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, Claire Clairmont accompanied them on their flight to Europe. Through Shelley, she formed an attachment to Lord Byron, and bore him a daughter. Thus Lethbridge was the grandfather of Allegra Byron.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: He died on 15 December 1815. On his deathbed he tore up a will by which he had disinherited his son. His monument in Bishops Lydeard Church is inscribed as follows:

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Thorne, R.G., biography of "Lethbridge, Sir John, 1st Bt. (1746–1815), of Sandhill Park, Taunton, Som.", published in "History of Parliament: House of Commons 1790-1820", ed. R. Thorne, 1986.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Burke, John, General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire, 3rd Edition, London, 1830, pp. 463–4

paragraph: BULLET::::- Baynham, Rev. Arthur Wilfrid, "Memorials of Ash Priors", Exeter, 1908, pp. 125 et seq, "Lethbridge Family"

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Lethbridge, Sir Roper, C.I.E (1840–1919), MP, "Some Hatherleigh Worthies of the Seventeenth Century", Transactions of the Devonshire Association, vol.36, 1904, pp. 289–301. Concerning three members of the Lethbridge family of Deckport, Hatherleigh, living at the time of the 1660 Restoration.

description: politician

wikidata_label: Sir John Lethbridge, 1st Baronet

wikipedia_title: Sir John Lethbridge, 1st Baronet


text:
athlete
women's high jump
1964 Summer Olympics

categories: Olympic athletes of the United Team of Germany,1942 births,German female high jumpers,Sportspeople from Cottbus,Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics,Living people

paragraph: Gerda Kupferschmied

paragraph: Gerda Kupferschmied (born 19 August 1942) is a German athlete. She competed in the women's high jump at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

wikidata_label: Gerda Kupferschmied

wikipedia_title: Gerda Kupferschmied


text:
viral video
Republic Records
Hot Rock Songs
Alternative Songs

categories: Republic Records artists,Musicians from New York City,American electronic musicians,21st-century American singers,1993 births,Living people

paragraph: Two Feet

paragraph: Zachary William "Bill" Dess, (born June 21, 1993), known by his stage name Two Feet, is an American singer, songwriter, and producer from New York City.

paragraph: Dess played locally in jazz and blues ensembles before forming Two Feet. After his single "Go Fuck Yourself" became a viral video online, he signed with Republic Records. The single reached number 36 on the US Hot Rock Songs chart. His next single, "I Feel Like I'm Drowning", reached number one on the US Alternative Songs chart in 2018. On October 5, 2018 Two Feet released his first album "A 20 Something Fuck" featuring singles "I Feel Like I'm Drowning" and "Hurt People".

paragraph: Section::::Discography.

paragraph: Section::::Discography.:EPs.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "First Steps" EP (Majestic Casual Records, 2016)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Momentum" EP (Majestic Casual Records, 2017)

paragraph: BULLET::::- "A 20 Something Fuck" (Part 1) (Republic Records, 2018)

alias:
Zachary William "Bill" Dess
Zachary William Dess
Zachary Dess
Bill Dess

wikidata_label: Two Feet

wikipedia_title: Two Feet


text:
Venerable
Catholic Church
Kerala
India
Vithayathil
ordained
Priest
Mar Adolph Medlycott
Thrissur Diocese
Ollur
diocesan priest
exorcism
Mariam Thresia
Spiritual director
John Menachery
Mariam Thresia
Servant of God
Pope John Paul II
Ramanathapuram Diocese
Venerable
Pope Francis
Shalom (TV channel)

categories: 20th-century Indian scholars,Christian clergy from Thrissur,Venerated Catholics from Kerala,1964 deaths,Syro-Malabar Catholics,Malayali people,20th-century venerated Christians,1865 births,Venerated Catholics by Pope Francis,Venerated Eastern Catholics

paragraph: Joseph Vithayathil

paragraph: Joseph Vithayathil was a priest from India who has been declared as Venerable by the Catholic Church.

paragraph: He was born in Puthenpally, Varapuzha, Ernakulam District of Kerala State of India to Catholic parents of the Vithayathil family on 23 July 1865. He had two brothers and two sisters.

paragraph: At the suggestion of his parish priest Fr. Zecharias, he started priestly studies and joined the seminary on 30 May 1881. He was ordained as Priest on 11 March 1894 by Bishop Mar Adolph Medlycott of Thrissur Diocese at the St. Antony's Church, Ollur with 11 others.

paragraph: Section::::Priestly life.

paragraph: After being diocesan priest for a few years, in 1902 he was sent to perform exorcisms on a young mystic girl called Mariam Thresia. Here he became her Spiritual director until her death in 1926. He asked her to write her life story from early childhood, on the instructions of his Bishop. This resulted in the Autobiographical Notes of Blessed Mariam Thresia dealing with her life experiences and events up to 1905.

paragraph: He helped her establish the on 14 May 1914 blessed by Mar John Menachery. He was appointed as the Chaplain of this convent in 1922. After the death of the Mariam Thresia, he guided the congregation until the formation of its General Council in 1942. Under his guidance a school for teaching stitching, tailoring, weaving, knitting etc. was started in 1929 at Kuzhikkattussery.

paragraph: Section::::Death and Veneration.

paragraph: He died on 8 June 1964 (same date on which Mariam Thresia died) and was buried at Kuzhikkattussery near the tomb of Mariam Thresia.

paragraph: He was declared as Servant of God on 18 May 2004 by Pope John Paul II. Mar Paul Alapatt, the current bishop of Ramanathapuram Diocese, was the Promotor of Justice for the Cause of the Servant of God Fr. Joseph Vithayathil. He was elevated to Venerable on 14 December 2015 by Pope Francis along with 16 others.

paragraph: Section::::Media.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Dhanyan Joseph Vithayathil" is a teleserial on his life, broadcast on Shalom (TV channel).

paragraph: BULLET::::- A book titled "Karmayogi: Life History of S.D. Fr. Joseph Vithayathil" edited by Lucy Arikkatt has been published Holy Family Publications in 2004.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Joseph Vithayathil has written a book titled "Biography of Rev.Mother Mariam Thresia".

wikidata_label: Joseph Vithayathil

wikipedia_title: Joseph Vithayathil


text:
Armenia
Leo I, Prince of Armenia
Beatrice de Rethel
John II Comnenus
Edessa
Byzantine
Marash
Thoros
Tarsus
Andronicus Euphorbenus
Amalric I of Jerusalem
Barbaron
Ruben III
Leo II
Bertrand Embriaco
Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle
The Barony of Cilician Armenia

categories: 1165 deaths,Murdered royalty,1111 births,Year of birth unknown

paragraph: Stephen of Armenia

paragraph: Stephen of Armenia (1111 – 7 February 1165) was the Marshal of Armenia, the son of Leo I, Prince of Armenia and Beatrice de Rethel.

paragraph: His father made him Marshal in 1138, due to the invasion of John II Comnenus, and escaped capture by sheltering in Edessa. In 1157, he began raiding Byzantine territories around Marash against his half-brother Thoros' will, although he failed to capture Marash itself. The Byzantine governor of Tarsus, Andronicus Euphorbenus, invited him to a banquet. Stephen's corpse was found the next day and it was believed Andronicus murdered him. Thoros avenged his death with a massacre of Greeks within his territories, which would have led to war had not Amalric I of Jerusalem intervened to bring about a peace.

paragraph: He had at least three children by his wife Rita of Barbaron:

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ruben III

paragraph: BULLET::::- Leo II

paragraph: BULLET::::- Dolete, who married Bertrand Embriaco

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle

paragraph: BULLET::::- The Barony of Cilician Armenia (Kurkjian's History of Armenia, Ch. 27)

description: Marshal of Armenia

wikidata_label: Stephen of Armenia

wikipedia_title: Stephen of Armenia


text:
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Hetoumid
Leo II, King of Armenia
Queen Keran
Leo III
Hethum
Mongol
Bilarghu
Oljeitu
Armenian
Roman
Thoros III
Isabella of Armenia
Amalric of Tyre
Henry II of Cyprus
Leo IV
Hugh III of Cyprus
Joan of Taranto
Leo IV
Oshin of Corycos

categories: 1320 deaths,Kings of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia,1282 births,Hethumid dynasty

paragraph: Oshin, King of Armenia

paragraph: Oshin () (1282 – July 20, 1320) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1307 to 1320. He was a member of the Hetoumid-family, the son of Leo II, King of Armenia and Queen Keran.

paragraph: Oshin became king on the death of his nephew Leo III and brother Hethum at the hands of the Mongol general Bilarghu. He was supported by the Mongol Ilkhan Oljeitu, who had ordered the execution of Bilarghu in response to their assassinations.

paragraph: Oshin favored a union of the Armenian and Roman churches, which aroused no little popular discontent. In 1309, he had his wife's uncle Oshin, Marshal of Armenia, executed for the murder of his brother Thoros III.

paragraph: His sister Isabella of Armenia had married Amalric of Tyre, and when Amalric usurped the government of Cyprus from his brother Henry II of Cyprus, Henry was held in Armenia by Oshin. He was, however, released and returned to Cyprus on the assassination of Amalric in 1310.

paragraph: Oshin was married three times:

paragraph: BULLET::::- First to his cousin, Isabel of Korikos, by whom he had one son, Leo IV (born 1309). She died in 1310.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Second to Isabelle of Lusignan, daughter of the King Hugh III of Cyprus and widow of Constantine of Neghir, Lord of Partzerpert. Oshin divorced her before 1316. Isabelle died in 1319.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Third to Joan of Taranto on February, 1316 in Tarsus. She bore him one son, George (1317 – after 1323).

paragraph: On his death on July 20, 1320, Oshin was succeeded by his minor son Leo IV (sometimes referred to as Leo V). It was popularly believed that Oshin was poisoned by his cousin (and brother-in-law) Oshin of Corycos.

description: King of Armenia

wikidata_label: Oshin

wikipedia_title: Oshin, King of Armenia


text: Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

text: Leo II of Armenia

text: Kyranna de Lampron

text: Hetoumid

text: Constantine

text: Hethum II

text: Thoros

text: Constantinople

text: Ghazan's

text: ruler of Persia

text: cauterization

text: Partzerpert

text: Speculum

categories: Kings of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia,1310 deaths,1277 births

paragraph: Smbat I Hetumian

paragraph: Smbat (; 1277 – c. 1310) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1296 to 1298. He was the son of Leo II of Armenia and Kyranna de Lampron and was part of the Hetoumid-family.

paragraph: Sempad seized the throne with the aid of his brother Constantine while his brothers Hethum II and Thoros were in Constantinople. In 1297, on a volitional journey to the Ghazan's court, Sempad managed to receive recognition of his position as king from the Mongol ruler of Persia, which was necessary to legitimate his usurpation. He also received a bride from the Mongol khan in order to form a matrimonial alliance, perhaps a relative of the khan himself.

paragraph: On Hethum's return, Sempad had Hethum blinded by cauterization and both brothers imprisoned at Partzerpert. Thoros was murdered there on Sempad's orders in 1298, but Constantine turned traitor again and helped Hethum overthrow Sempad, assuming the throne while Hethum's blindness healed. Sempad again plotted with Constantine to resume the throne soon after Hethum's restoration, and both were imprisoned for the rest of their lives.

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Hornstein, Lilian Herlands. "The Historical Background of the King of Tars." "Speculum", 16:4 (Oct., 1941), pp. 404–414.

description: King of Armenia

wikidata_label: Sempad

wikipedia_title: Smbat I Hetumian


text:
Western Armenian
transliteration
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Leo II of Armenia
Kyranna de Lampron
Hetoumid
Sempad
Hethum II

categories: Kings of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia,1310 deaths,1278 births

paragraph: Constantine I, King of Armenia

paragraph: Constantine I (, Western Armenian transliteration: "Gosdantin" or "Kostantine";) (also called Constantine III; 1278 – c. 1310) was briefly king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1298 to 1299. He was the son of Leo II of Armenia and Kyranna de Lampron and was part of the Hetoumid-family.

paragraph: He helped his brother Sempad to usurp the throne in 1296, but turned against him two years later in 1298 to restore his older brother Hethum II. He assumed the throne for a year while Hethum recovered from his imprisonment. Shortly after Hethum's resumption in 1299, Constantine plotted to restore Sempad again, and both were imprisoned for the rest of their lives.

description: King of Cilician Armenia (1298–1299)

wikidata_label: Constantine I, King of Armenia

wikipedia_title: Constantine I, King of Armenia


text:
Crusaders
Stephen
Leo I, lord of Armenian Cilicia
Byzantine
Cilicia
Barbaron
Cilician Gates
Taurus Mountains
Mleh
Armenian
nobles
Crusaders
Bohemond III of Antioch
Saladin
Egypt
Kilij Arslan II
sultan of Iconium
Turkoman tribes
Principality of Antioch
pilgrimage
Jerusalem
Isabella of Toron
Stephanie of Milly
Isaac Comnenus
Tarsus
Knights Templar
Leo
Adana
Mamistra
Isabella of Toron
Humphrey III of Toron
Stephanie of Milly
Alice
Raymond IV of Tripoli
Philippa
Theodore I Laskaris
emperor of Nicaea
Gibb, Sir Hamilton A. R.
Setton, Kenneth M.
Runciman, Steven

wikipedia_title:
Crusades
Stephen of Armenia
Leo I, Prince of Armenia
Byzantine Empire
Cilicia
Cilician Gates
Cilician Gates
Taurus Mountains
Mleh, Prince of Armenia
Armenians
Nobility
Crusades
Bohemond III of Antioch
Saladin
Egypt
Kilij Arslan II
Sultanate of Rum
Oghuz Turks
Principality of Antioch
Pilgrimage
Jerusalem
Isabella of Toron
Stephanie of Milly
Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus
Tarsus, Mersin
Knights Templar
Leo I, King of Armenia
Adana
Mopsuestia
Isabella of Toron
Humphrey III of Toron
Stephanie of Milly
Alice of Armenia
Raymond IV, Count of Tripoli
Philippa of Armenia
Theodore I Laskaris
Empire of Nicaea
H. A. R. Gibb
Kenneth Setton
Steven Runciman

categories: 12th-century Armenian people,1145 births,1187 deaths

paragraph: Ruben III, Prince of Armenia

paragraph: Ruben III (), also Roupen III, Rupen III, or Reuben III, (1145 – Monastery of Drazark, May 6, 1187) was the ninth lord of Armenian Cilicia or “Lord of the Mountains” (1175–1187).

paragraph: Roupen remained always friendly to the Crusaders in spirit. He was a just and good prince, and created many pious foundations within his domains.

paragraph: Section::::His life.

paragraph: He was the eldest son of Stephen, the third son of Leo I, lord of Armenian Cilicia. His mother was Rita, a daughter of Sempad, Lord of Barbaron. Roupen's father, who was on his way to attend a banquet given by the Byzantine governor of Cilicia, Andronicus Euphorbenus, was murdered on February 7, 1165. Following his father's death, Roupen lived with his maternal uncle, Pagouran, lord of the fortress of Barbaron, protecting the Cilician Gates pass in the Taurus Mountains.

paragraph: Roupen took up the reins of Cilicia following the assassination of his paternal uncle, Mleh who had been murdered by members of his own inner circle of Armenian nobles on May 15, 1175. He was a friend of the Franks (the Crusaders); for example, at the end of 1177, assisted Philip, Count of Flanders and Prince Bohemond III of Antioch at the ineffectual siege of Harenc.

paragraph: In June 1180, Saladin, the sultan of Egypt, and Kilij Arslan II, the sultan of Iconium met on the river Sanja and there, apparently concluded an alliance. The first fruits of their alliance were a short and successful campaign against Roupen III, on the pretext of harsh treatment of the Turkoman tribes in his territories. Roupen made peace with Kilij Arslan II in the same year. In the course of the year, many of the nobles of the Principality of Antioch who hated Sybilla, the new wife of Bohemond III fled to Roupen's court.

paragraph: Early in 1181, Roupen came on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and there on 4 February1181/3 February 1182 he married Isabella of Toron, daughter of Humphrey III of Toron and Stephanie of Milly.

paragraph: At the end of 1182, the Byzantine governor of Cilicia, Isaac Comnenus, in revolt against the Emperor Andronicus I Comnenus, sought help from Bohemond III against Roupen and admitted his troops into Tarsus. Bohemond promptly changed his mind and sold Tarsus and the governor to Roupen, then repented of it. Isaac Comnenus was ransomed by the Knights Templar.

paragraph: In 1183, Hethum III of Lampron, allied with Bohemond III, began joint hostilities against Roupen. They invited Roupen to Antioch as a prelude to ending the counterproductive rivalry between the two Armenian houses, but upon his arrival Roupen was taken captive and imprisoned. But Roupen's brother Leo finished off the conquest of the Hethoumians and attacked Antioch.

paragraph: Roupen's release required payment of a large ransom and the submission of Adana and Mamistra as vassalages to Antioch; but on his return to Cilicia he soon recovered them. Bohemond III made various ineffectual raids but achieved nothing more.

paragraph: Roupen abdicated in favor of his brother and retired to the monastery of Drazark where he died.

paragraph: Section::::Marriage and children.

paragraph: BULLET::::1. (4 February 1181 – 3 February 1182) Isabella of Toron, a daughter of Humphrey III of Toron and Stephanie of Milly

paragraph: BULLET::::- Alice (1182 – after 1234), the wife firstly of Hethum of Sassoun, secondly of Count Raymond IV of Tripoli, and thirdly of Vahram of Korikos

paragraph: BULLET::::- Philippa (1183 – before 1219), the wife firstly of Shahanshah of Sassoun, and secondly of Theodore I Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Gibb, Sir Hamilton A. R.: "The Rise of Saladin, 1169–1189" ("in:" Setton, Kenneth M. "(General Editor)" – Baldwin, Marshall W. "(Editor)": "A History of the Crusades – Volume I: The First Hundred Years"; The University of Wisconsin Press, 1969, Madison, Milwaukee, and London; )

paragraph: BULLET::::- Ghazarian, Jacob G: "The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins (1080–1393)"; RoutledgeCurzon (Taylor & Francis Group), 2000, Abingdon;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Runciman, Steven: "A History of the Crusades – Volume II.: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East: 1100–1187"; Cambridge University Press, 1988, Cambridge;

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Greeks, Crusaders and Moslems — Rise of Leon II (Kurkjian's History of Armenia, Ch. 28)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle

alias:
Ruben III
Roupen III

description: Ruler of Cilician Armenia

wikidata_label: Ruben III, Prince of Armenia

wikipedia_title: Ruben III, Prince of Armenia


text:
botanist
mycologist
Montmirey-la-Ville
Heidelberg
Freiberg
Strasbourg
Nancy
Bordeaux
Phylloxera
aphid
United States
Jules Émile Planchon
grape vine
grafting
T.V. Munson
downy mildew
fungus
Plasmopara viticola
fungicide
hydrated lime
copper sulfate
Bordeaux mixture
vine growth
artificial hybrid
Rootstock
marl
chlorosis

categories: People from Jura (department),University of Strasbourg faculty,French mycologists,Nancy-Université faculty,1838 births,French botanists,1902 deaths

paragraph: Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet

paragraph: Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet (13 December 1838 – 15 December 1902) was a French botanist and mycologist born in Montmirey-la-Ville.

paragraph: He was a student at the Universities of Heidelberg and Freiberg, and later became a professor of botany at the Universities of Strasbourg (1869), Nancy (1872), and Bordeaux (1876).

paragraph: Millardet is chiefly remembered for his work dealing with plant pests. In the 1860s the vineyards of France were infested by the destructive Phylloxera, an aphid-like pest inadvertently introduced to Europe from the United States. Millardet and fellow botanist Jules Émile Planchon (1823-1888) controlled the infestation by using American grape vines that were resistant to Phylloxera as grafting stock. American horticulturalist, T.V. Munson, was instrumental in identifying and provisioning the American rootstock that was resistant to Phylloxera and suitable for French growing conditions.

paragraph: He was also responsible for protecting grape vineyards from downy mildew fungus ("Plasmopara viticola"). He accomplished this feat by implementing a fungicide consisting of hydrated lime, copper sulfate and water, a mixture that was to become known as the "Bordeaux mixture". It was the first fungicide to be used worldwide, and is still used today.

paragraph: Section::::Writings.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Monographie sur la croissance de la vigne et la technique d'hybridation artificielle". - Monograph on vine growth and artificial hybridization technique.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Un porte-greffe pour les terrains crayeux et marneux les plus chlorosant". - Rootstock for chalky terrain and marl for chlorosis.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Notes sur les vignes américaines et opuscules divers sur le même sujet". - Notes on American vines and various pamphlets on the same subject.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Pourridié et Phylloxéra. Etude comparative de ces deux maladies de la vigne", 1882 - Phylloxera and rot. Comparative study of these two diseases of the vine.

paragraph: BULLET::::- "Histoire des principales variétés et espèces de vignes d'origine américaine qui résistent au phylloxera", (1885) - History of the main varieties and species of American grapes that are resistant to phylloxera.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- This article is based on a translation of equivalent articles from the French and German Wikipedia.

description: French botanist

wikidata_label: Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet

wikipedia_title: Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet


text: dramatist

text: Heatherley School of Fine Art

text: Samuel Leigh

text: The Strand

text: Adelphi Theatre

text: William Blake

text: Charles Mathews

text: William Etty

text: historical painting

text: Royal Academy

text: Old Masters

text: Oxford Street

text: Henry Sass

text: Frederic Leighton

text: John Millais

text: Philip Hermogenes Calderon

text: Henry Stacy Marks

text: Edward Poynter

text: Joseph Boehm

text: Edwin Long

text: Henry Holiday

text: Frederick Walker

text: John Bagnold Burgess

text: Walter Goodman

text: Henry Sambrooke Leigh

text: Heatherley's Art School

text: William Tinsley

text: J. M. Leigh on Artnet

text: Engraving of a portrait by Leigh

categories: Art schools in London,English male dramatists and playwrights,Deaths from esophageal cancer,English male painters,1860 deaths,19th-century English painters,Art educators,19th-century English dramatists and playwrights,English dramatists and playwrights,1808 births,History painters,English portrait painters

paragraph: James Mathews Leigh

paragraph: James Mathews Leigh (1808 – 20 April 1860) was an English art educator, painter, writer, dramatist and critic. He is best known as the founder of a popular private art school in London known as "Leigh's Academy", which eventually became the present day Heatherley School of Fine Art.

paragraph: Section::::Life and work.

paragraph: Leigh was born in London in 1808, the son of Samuel Leigh, a well-known bookseller who ran a shop at 18 The Strand, near the Adelphi Theatre London - William Blake was apparently a frequent visitor. James's uncle was the popular actor and theatre manager Charles Mathews ("the elder"). He studied art under William Etty, deciding to make historical painting his speciality. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1830 with two paintings, "Joseph presenting his Brethren to Pharaoh" and "Jephthah's vow".

paragraph: Soon afterwards, he went on a tour of the continent, visiting galleries in France, Germany and Italy to study the works of the Old Masters and make sketches. Around this time also he devoted himself to writing, and, in 1838, privately published "Cromwell" an historical play in five acts, and later "The Rhenish Album". He then travelled to Spain where he made further sketches, resuming, on his return to England, work as a painter, and continuing to send paintings of sacred subjects and portraits to the Royal Academy and other exhibitions up to 1849.

paragraph: However, Leigh is now better known as a teacher of drawing than as an artist. In 1848, he founded an academy of art, "Leigh's Academy", at 79 Newman Street, off Oxford Street in London. It was well attended and became a formidable rival to the other main London art academy run by Henry Sass ("Sass's Academy"). He was said to be "a first rate teacher and a profound critic in matters of art". Many distinguished artists received their early training at Leigh's academy including Sir Frederic Leighton, Sir John Millais, Philip Hermogenes Calderon, Henry Stacy Marks, Edward Poynter, Joseph Boehm Edwin Long, Henry Holiday, Frederick Walker, John Bagnold Burgess, Walter Goodman and others.

paragraph: In his last twenty years, Leigh exhibited no work at any of the recognised exhibitions, instead showing it on the walls of his art academy. He was also in the habit of sketching the same subjects - often of themes from literature - as his students in their drawing classes.

paragraph: Leigh had been a heavy pipe smoker throughout his life and developed cancer of the throat. He died shortly afterwards in London on 20 April 1860. His son, Henry Sambrooke Leigh (1837–1883) was a writer and dramatist. After his death, the running of Leigh's art school was taken over by Thomas Heatherley and the school renamed (as was the fashion) "Heatherley's Art School".

paragraph: Section::::Further reading.

paragraph: BULLET::::- William Tinsley. "Random recollections of an old publisher, volume 1" (London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & co, 1900) pp. 189–201.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- J. M. Leigh on Artnet

paragraph: BULLET::::- Engraving of a portrait by Leigh (National Portrait Gallery, London)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Attribution

description: British artist

wikidata_label: James Mathews Leigh

wikipedia_title: James Mathews Leigh


text:
Irish
Austria
Irish
Seven Years' War
War of the Bavarian Succession
Austro-Turkish War
French Revolutionary Wars
Napoleonic Wars
Ballinlough, County Roscommon
baronet
Ballinlough
Nugent Baronets
Baroness Talbot of Malahide
Habsburg Austria
Kingdom of Prussia
Ottoman Turks
First French Republic
general officer
Battle of Marengo
First French Empire
Proprietor (Inhaber)
Habsburg Austria
Seven Years' War
War of the Bavarian Succession
Major
Oberstleutnant
Graf
Oberst
Chevau-léger
Siege of Belgrade
General-Major
War of the First Coalition
Battle of Amberg
First Battle of Zürich
Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
Grenz Infantry
Dragoon
Hussars
Michael von Melas
Feldmarschallleutnant
Napoleon Bonaparte
Great St Bernard Pass
Milan
Piacenza
Battle of Montebello
Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz
Casteggio
Jean Lannes
Chief of staff
Anton von Zach
Claude Perrin Victor
Battle of Marengo
Jägers
Marengo
Johann Maria Philipp Frimont
Gaspard Amédée Gardanne
Military Order of Maria Theresa
Konrad Valentin von Kaim
War of the Third Coalition
Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
Battle of Verona (1805)
Count Heinrich von Bellegarde
Josef Philipp Vukassovich
Battle of Caldiero
War of the Fifth Coalition
Napoleon I of France
Johann von Hiller
Battle of Landshut
Battle of Eckmühl
Vienna
Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este
landwehr
grenadier
Michael von Kienmayer
Armand von Nordmann
Joseph, Baron von Mesko de Felsö-Kubiny
Gulden
General der Kavallerie
Irish military diaspora
Irish regiments
Petre, F. Loraine
Smith, Digby

categories: Austrian generals,Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars,1742 births,Austrian Empire military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars,Austrian Empire commanders of the Napoleonic Wars,Irish soldiers in the Austrian Army,Austrian soldiers

paragraph: Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough

paragraph: Andreas Graf O'Reilly von Ballinlough (3 August 1742 – 5 July 1832) was an Irish-Austrian soldier and military commander of Irish origin. His military service extended through the Seven Years' War, War of the Bavarian Succession, Austro-Turkish War, French Revolutionary Wars, and Napoleonic Wars. He retired from the army in 1810 and died at age 89.

paragraph: Andrew O'Reilly was born in Ballinlough, County Roscommon, Ireland. His brother, Hugh, was created baronet of Ballinlough in 1795, and in 1812, on the death of their maternal uncle John Nugent, he assumed by Royal licence the surname of Nugent (see Nugent Baronets). Their sister Margaret married Richard Talbot and was, as a widow, created Baroness Talbot of Malahide in 1831.

paragraph: At the age of 14, Andrew O'Reilly joined the army of Habsburg Austria and fought against the Kingdom of Prussia. After rising in the army, he married into an aristocratic family in his 40s. He led a cavalry regiment in combat against the Ottoman Turks. In the war with the First French Republic he was promoted to general officer. He played a leading role in the Battle of Marengo in 1800, where he led one of the Austrian attack columns. Even in his 60s he remained a military officer, fighting against the First French Empire in 1805 and was compelled to surrender Vienna in 1809. From 1803 until his death in 1832, he was Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian light cavalry regiment.

paragraph: Section::::Early career.

paragraph: He joined the army of Habsburg Austria as a volunteer in 1756 and fought in the Seven Years' War. In the War of the Bavarian Succession, he achieved promotion to the rank of Major. In 1784 he wed Barbara Gräfin von Sweerts und Sporck (1760–1834) from a Bohemian noble family. That year he also rose in rank to Oberstleutnant. In 1787 he was ennobled, becoming Andreas Graf O'Reilly von Ballinlough. In 1790 during the war against Turkey he was elevated to Oberst and took command of the "Modena" Chevau-léger Regiment #13, which he led at the Siege of Belgrade in late 1789.

paragraph: Section::::French Revolutionary Wars.

paragraph: O'Reilly was promoted to General-Major during the War of the First Coalition in 1794. He achieved distinction at the Battle of Amberg on 24 August 1796. At the First Battle of Zürich on 4 June 1799, he led a brigade in Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze's Left Wing. His command consisted of one battalion of the "Peterwardeiner" Grenz Infantry Regiment # 9, three battalions of the "Kaunitz" Infantry Regiment # 20, two squadrons of the "Coburg" Dragoon Regiment # 6, and two squadrons of Grenz Hussars. He transferred to the army of Michael von Melas in Italy and received promotion to Feldmarschallleutnant on 6 March 1800.

paragraph: Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Italy across the Great St Bernard Pass in May 1800 and seized Milan on 2 June. Reacting to the surprise French offensive, Melas ordered O'Reilly to take 3,000 troops and an artillery convoy to defend Piacenza. The Austrian army commander hoped to use Piacenza as a base to launch a counterattack against Milan. In the event, Piacenza fell to the French before O'Reilly reached it. On 6 June, after an 11-hour skirmish, he successfully managed to save the artillery convoy and withdraw to the west, while fending off a French column that tried to cut him off.

paragraph: At the Battle of Montebello on 9 June, Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz ordered O'Reilly to hold the village of Casteggio with six battalions and four squadrons. When Jean Lannes advanced that morning, Ott was under instructions to avoid a battle. Yet, when he saw O'Reilly's men come under attack, Ott ignored army Chief of staff Anton von Zach's advice and committed his corps to battle. O'Reilly defended Casteggio stubbornly as the French persisted in their attacks for hours. Reinforced by Claude Perrin Victor, the French finally gained the upper hand and Ott called on O'Reilly to cover the retreat.

paragraph: On 14 June at the Battle of Marengo Melas gave O'Reilly command of the 3,000-strong Right Column. The units under his leadership included single battalions of the "Banater" #4, "Warasdiner-Kreutzer" #5, "Oguliner" # 3, and "Ottocaner" # 2 Grenz Infantry Regiments, plus one company of "Mariassy" Jägers. He also led detachments from three cavalry regiments, three squadrons of "Nauendorf" Hussars # 8, two squadrons of Hussars # 5, and one squadron of "Württemberg" Dragoons # 8. On the afternoon of the 13th, O'Reilly held Marengo village, which Melas intended to hold in preparation for his planned offensive the next day. In contrast to his stout defense of Casteggio, O'Reilly's performance was weak and Victor captured Marengo after only an hour of fighting. The loss of the village meant that the Austrian army had to fight over the same ground the next day.

paragraph: On the morning of the 14th, the Advance Guard under Johann Maria Philipp Frimont and O'Reilly's Right Column soon found Gaspard Amédée Gardanne's French division blocking their path. Gardanne's men, deployed on a narrow front, blunted the Austrian advance for 90 minutes and forced Melas to commit large forces to the attack. While the rest of the army hammered at the main French battle line near Marengo, O'Reilly became preoccupied with Achille Dampierre's 300 to 400 Frenchmen who occupied Stortigliona Farm on the south flank. When the outnumbered defenders withdrew to the south, O'Reilly, displaying "no initiative whatsoever" followed Dampierre. Ignoring the now-exposed French left flank, the Austrian Right Column hunted down Dampierre's force at Cassina Bianca. Dampierre finally surrendered to the "Oguliner" Grenz at 7:00 pm that evening after losing two-thirds of his men as casualties. But, the small French detachment tied up a significant part of O'Reilly's column during the day Nevertheless, he earned the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa on 18 August 1801.

paragraph: Meanwhile, Melas finally cracked the French line near Marengo and organized a pursuit column. At about 3:00 pm, Konrad Valentin von Kaim's center column lurched into motion, with Ott's Left Column to the north and elements of O'Reilly and Frimont's forces to the south. Late-arriving French reinforcements routed Kaim's center column around 5:00 pm. In the stampede that followed, O'Reilly was able to retreat to the bridgehead successfully and covered the withdrawal of Ott's column that evening.

paragraph: Section::::Napoleonic Wars.

paragraph: In 1803, he became Inhaber of the "O'Reilly" Chevau-léger Regiment # 3 and held this position during his lifetime. The regiment became noted for its outstanding combat efficiency during the 1809 war.

paragraph: At the beginning of the War of the Third Coalition, O'Reilly led a cavalry division in the "Armee von Italien" of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen. Under his command were the "Kaiser" Chevau-léger Regiment # 1 and "Kienmayer" Hussar Regiment # 8, a total of 16 squadrons. In the Battle of Verona (1805) on 18 October 1805, Count Heinrich von Bellegarde led his corps to support Josef Philipp Vukassovich, whose division was under attack by the French. O'Reilly's division was only lightly engaged before darkness ended the fighting. At the Battle of Caldiero on 30 October, O'Reilly's division participated in the counterattacks which helped restore the Austrian line. For his actions in the war, he earned the Commander's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa on 28 May 1806.

paragraph: In the War of the Fifth Coalition, Emperor Napoleon I of France defeated Johann von Hiller at the Battle of Landshut on 21 April 1809 and Archduke Charles at the Battle of Eckmühl on 22 April. These defeats left Hiller's outnumbered force isolated on the south bank of the Danube. Hiller's retreat left Vienna exposed to French capture. Accordingly, Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este was given the task of garrisoning Vienna with the 35,000 available troops. O'Reilly commanded 14 battalions of second-class Austrian and Bohemian landwehr plus 6,000 armed citizens. Other forces included a brigade of five elite grenadier battalions under Michael von Kienmayer; Joseph Dedovich's division of eight regular, six landwehr, and six volunteer battalions; and four battalions and five squadrons under Armand von Nordmann and Joseph, Baron von Mesko de Felsö-Kubiny. After a bombardment, the inexperienced Maximilian decided to abandon the capital and ordered O'Reilly to surrender with a token garrison. The archduke mismanaged the evacuation and O'Reilly capitulated on 13 May with 2,000 troops, including 13 generals, 17 staff officers, 163 officers. Even worse, the French recovered 100 pieces of artillery and a military chest with 4.5 million Gulden.

paragraph: O'Reilly left the army on 7 January 1810, being promoted to General der Kavallerie upon retirement. He died at Vienna on 5 July 1832, only one month shy of his 90th birthday.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irish military diaspora

paragraph: BULLET::::- Irish regiments

paragraph: Section::::References.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnold, James R. "Crisis on the Danube." New York: Paragon House, 1990;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Arnold, J.R. "Marengo & Hohenlinden." Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword, 2005;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bowden, Scotty & Tarbox, Charlie. "Armies on the Danube 1809". Arlington, Texas: Empire Games Press, 1980.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Petre, F. Loraine. "Napoleon and the Archduke Charles". New York: Hippocrene Books, (1909); republished 1976.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Schneid, Frederick C. "Napoleon's Italian Campaigns: 1805–1815". Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 2002;

paragraph: BULLET::::- Smith, Digby. "The Napoleonic Wars Data Book." London: Greenhill, 1998;

paragraph: BULLET::::-  Compiled by Leopold Kudrna for "Austrian Generals 1792–1815: Andreas O'Reilly" (see )

wikidata_label: Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough

wikipedia_title: Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough


href: Arabic Kulaib%20Bin%20rabia Albasoos

text:
Arabic
Kulaib Bin rabia
Albasoos

categories: 531 deaths,Year of birth unknown,6th-century Arabs,Epic poets,Pre-Islamic Arabian poets

paragraph: Abu Layla al-Muhalhel

paragraph: Al-Zeir Abu layla almuhalhil Adi ibn Rabia' (Arabic,الزير أبو ليلى المهلهل عدي بن ربيعة), whose real name was Adi bin Rabi'a (also known as Abu Laila Al-Muhalhil), (aka Azzir Salim) was a poet and warrior in The Arabian Peninsula. He died in 531 AD.

paragraph: He is the hero and main character of the famous 6th century "Epic of Adi", revolving around the murder of his Brother Kulaib Bin rabia.

paragraph: The" Epic of Adi" primarily revolves around his trauma as a result of his brother's loss, and the ensuing war of attrition known as Albasoos.

alias:
عدي بن عبدالله بن زهران
الزير سالم
الزير أبو ليلى المحمل
المهلهل

description: poet and warrior in pre-Islamic Arabia

wikidata_label: al-Muhalhil

wikipedia_title: Abu Layla al-Muhalhel


text:
Oregon
artist
sculptor
Portland, Oregon
Willamette Week
Northwest
eagle
Canyonville
Oregon
White House
the Vatican
Middlebury College
Official site

categories: Sculptors from Oregon,Living people,Year of birth missing (living people)

paragraph: Lorenzo Ghiglieri

paragraph: Lorenzo Ghiglieri is an Oregon artist and sculptor. The Portland, Oregon newspaper "Willamette Week" has referred to Ghiglieri as "one of the Northwest's best-recognized and most prolific bronze sculptors."

paragraph: Ghiglieri's sculptures are displayed in a wide variety of locations around the world. His -high sculpture of an eagle is located at the entrance of the Seven Feathers Casino near Canyonville, Oregon. Ghiglieri also has works on permanent display at the White House, the Vatican, and Middlebury College.

paragraph: Section::::External links.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Official site

description: American artist

wikidata_label: Lorenzo Ghiglieri

wikipedia_title: Lorenzo Ghiglieri


text:
Archbishop of Canterbury
abbot
St Albans Abbey
Bishop of Ramsbury
Abingdon Abbey
cathedral chapter
Æthelred II of England
Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis
Abbot of St Albans
Bishopric of Ramsbury
see of Canterbury
translated
witenagemot
Amesbury
Matthew of Paris
Gregory V
pallium
Edward the Martyr
Shaftesbury Abbey
Christ Church, Canterbury
secular clerks
Norman Conquest
Æthelred the Unready
Emma of Normandy
Bishop of Llandaff
Bishops of St. David's
Wulfsige, Bishop of Sherborne
hagiography
Dunstan
thegn
translated
Canterbury Cathedral
Wiltshire
Kent

categories: Kentish saints,Archbishops of Canterbury,10th-century archbishops,Abbots of St Albans,10th-century births,People from Abingdon-on-Thames,11th-century archbishops,Bishops of Ramsbury (ancient),1005 deaths

paragraph: Ælfric of Abingdon

paragraph: Ælfric of Abingdon (died 16 November 1005) was a late 10th-century Archbishop of Canterbury. He previously held the offices of abbot of St Albans Abbey and Bishop of Ramsbury, as well as likely being the abbot of Abingdon Abbey. After his election to Canterbury, he continued to hold the bishopric of Ramsbury along with the archbishopric of Canterbury until his death in 1005. Ælfric may have altered the composition of Canterbury's cathedral chapter by changing the clergy serving in the cathedral from secular clergy to monks. In his will he left a ship to King Æthelred II of England as well as more ships to other legatees.

paragraph: Section::::Early life.

paragraph: Ælfric was the son of an earl of Kent and became a monk of Abingdon Abbey in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). He was very likely Abbot of Abingdon before becoming Abbot of St Albans Abbey around 975, although some historians do not believe that he held the office of Abbot at Abingdon. Although the "Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis", or "History of the Church of Abingdon", names Ælfric as abbot, the abbatial lists do not record him as such. Indirect corroboration of his being abbot at Abingdon is a grant of land to Ælfric personally (instead of to the office he held) while he was archbishop that had previously been unjustly taken from Abingdon. This land was to revert to Abingdon after Ælfric's death.

paragraph: Section::::Bishop and archbishop.

paragraph: Ælfric's brother, Leofric, succeeded him as Abbot of St Albans when he became bishop. Between 991 and 993, Ælfric rose to the Bishopric of Ramsbury, and possibly continued to hold office of abbot of St Albans while bishop. In 995 he was elevated to the see of Canterbury. He was translated, or moved with appropriate ecclesiastical ceremony, to Canterbury on 21 April 995 at a witenagemot held at Amesbury. Here he received the permission of "King Æthelred and all the witan" to be elevated to Canterbury. Ælfric continued to hold Ramsbury along with Canterbury until his death. The story that his brother was chosen first for Canterbury but refused, stems from confusion on the part of Matthew of Paris and historians generally hold the entire episode to be untrue.

paragraph: Ælfric's appointment to Canterbury caused consternation with the clergy of the cathedral chapter. In reaction, the chapter sent two members to Rome ahead of Ælfric and tried to secure the archbishopric for either of the monks. Pope Gregory V, however, would not appoint a candidate without royal permission, which neither of the monks had. Instead, when Ælfric arrived in Rome in 997, he was appointed and received the pallium, a symbol of an archbishop's authority. He also witnessed some miracles at the gravesite of Edward the Martyr at Shaftesbury Abbey, helping to lead to Edward's sainthood.

paragraph: A story was told that Ælfric introduced monks into the cathedral church of Christ Church, Canterbury, replacing the secular clerks that had taken over the foundation during the ninth century. Ælfric is said to have done this on the command of the pope. This story originally dates to soon after the Norman Conquest and originated with the monastic historians of Canterbury, and its veracity is unclear. He likely performed the marriage ceremony of King Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy in 1002. A later tradition held that he consecrated a Bishop of Llandaff and two Bishops of St. David's in Wales, which, if true, would have meant extending Canterbury's jurisdiction into new territory.

paragraph: Either Ælfric or his predecessor Sigeric wrote a letter to Wulfsige, Bishop of Sherborne about the duties of bishops to make sure that the laity did not despoil churches. The letter also urged Wulfsige to exhort the laity to strive for justice in their dealings with others, help widows and orphans, not fight, as well as other moral precepts. Ælfric also ordered the composition of the first "Life of Dunstan", a hagiography, or saint's life, of Dunstan, a predecessor as Archbishop of Canterbury. He also acted as a royal judge, once being ordered by King Æthelred to adjudicate a case between thegns, or local noblemen.

paragraph: Section::::Death and legacy.

paragraph: Ælfric died on 16 November 1005 and was buried in Abingdon Abbey, later being translated to Canterbury Cathedral. His will survives and in it he left ships to the people of Wiltshire and Kent, with his best one, equipped for sixty men, going to King Æthelred. The hagiography of Dunstan was dedicated to Ælfric at the end of the 10th century. After his death, he was considered a saint with a feast day of 16 November.

description: Archbishop of Canterbury in the late 10th century

wikidata_label: Ælfric of Abingdon

wikipedia_title: Ælfric of Abingdon


text: Sorel-Tracy

text: Quebec

text: Canadian

text: ice hockey

text: goaltender

text: National Hockey League

text: Atlanta Thrashers

text: Washington Capitals

text: Calder Cup

text: American Hockey League

text: minor ice hockey

text: Francheville, Quebec

text: 1994 NHL Entry Draft

text: Ottawa Senators

text: Colorado Avalanche

text: Hershey Bears

text: Atlanta Thrashers

text: Calder Cup

text: Jack A. Butterfield Trophy

text: Vienna Capitals

text: Austrian Hockey League

text: Reading Royals

categories: Reading Royals players,Halifax Mooseheads players,Ice hockey people from Quebec,Syracuse Crunch players,Victoriaville Tigres players,French Quebecers,Nürnberg Ice Tigers players,Washington Capitals players,Chicago Wolves players,Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Austria,Worcester IceCats players,Saint-Hyacinthe Laser players,Saint-Jean Lynx players,1975 births,Cincinnati Mighty Ducks players,Ottawa Senators draft picks,Living people,Vienna Capitals players,Cincinnati Cyclones (IHL) players,Atlanta Thrashers players,Thunder Bay Senators players,Prince Edward Island Senators players,Hershey Bears players,Canadian ice hockey goaltenders,Sportspeople from Sorel-Tracy

paragraph: Frédéric Cassivi

paragraph: Frédéric Cassivi (born June 12, 1975 in Sorel-Tracy, Quebec) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Atlanta Thrashers and Washington Capitals. A two-time winner of the Calder Cup in the American Hockey League, Cassivi was inducted to the AHL Hall of Fame in 2015.

paragraph: Section::::Playing career.

paragraph: As a youth, Cassivi played in the 1989 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Francheville, Quebec.

paragraph: Cassivi was originally drafted at the 1994 NHL Entry Draft in the 9th round, 210th overall, by the Ottawa Senators. Cassivi spent several years in the minors before signing with the Colorado Avalanche in 1999 as a free agent, although he would play primarily for their minor league affiliate the Hershey Bears.

paragraph: He was traded by the Avalanche to the Atlanta Thrashers in 2002 and would actually make the Thrashers lineup for parts of two seasons. He primarily saw ice time with their AHL affiliate, the Chicago Wolves. He played for the Chicago Wolves for 3 seasons, 2001–02, 2002–03 and 2003–04. He then played for the AHL Cincinnati Mighty Ducks for the 2004–05 season and posted a season best save percentage of 0.924 and GA of 2.07 with 10 SO, while winning 25 games.

paragraph: For 2005–06, Cassivi returned to the AHL Hershey Bears and the Washington Capitals and posted his most wins during the regular season, 34, en route to winning the AHL Calder Cup. Cassivi earned the Calder Cup Playoff MVP award, the Jack A. Butterfield Trophy, for his strong play in net during the series. Cassivi ranks fifth all-time in league wins (232) and is tied for eighth all-time in shutouts (24). He also ranks fifth all-time in Hershey wins with 113, fifth in appearances with 246 and seventh in shutouts with nine.

paragraph: Cassivi ended his professional career in Austria, appearing in 51 games with the Vienna Capitals of the Austrian Hockey League in the 2009–10 season. He briefly came out of retirement in the 2012–13 season, giving relief to the Reading Royals in the ECHL. He also served as an emergency backup the following season.

description: Canadian ice hockey player

wikidata_label: Frédéric Cassivi

wikipedia_title: Frédéric Cassivi


text:
Chinese rock
Overload
Beijing
Breath
Beijing Modern Music Concert
heavy metal
Overload
thrash metal
Overload
Chinese rock
C-Rock/Sino-Rock
Cui Jian
Breath (Chinese rock band)
Overload (Chinese rock band)
Tang Dynasty (band)

categories: Singers from Beijing,Chinese rock musicians,1968 births,Living people,Chinese male singers

paragraph: Gao Qi (musician)

paragraph: Gao Qi (高旗), the lead vocalist and songwriter of the Chinese rock band Overload, was born in a family with generations' classical music background in Beijing on February 26, 1968. His father is a tenor, and his mother is a pianist.

paragraph: After withdrawing from the university, Gao, as guitarist and songwriter, joined the Chinese rock band Breath, and performed on the first-ever rock festival in China, the Beijing Modern Music Concert, in February 1990. The band released their first album, "Breath", in Asia in 1991.

paragraph: Fascinated by heavy metal, Gao then quit Breath and set up his own band, Overload, with guitarist Han Hongbin, Li Yanliang, bassist Wang Xueke and drummer Zhao Muyang, who were said to be the finest rock musicians in China at that time.

paragraph: The songs Gao wrote combine western rock and Chinese literature and his performance burst the enthusiasm of both audience and musicians. The band built up a thrash metal style which began to attract a large number of fans in a short time.

paragraph: The first single released by Overload, "The Shadow of Ancestor," was recorded on the album "Rock Beijing", which was the label record of Chinese Rock in 1993. Meanwhile, Gao Qi's knowledge in Chinese rock and modern Western music give him chance to be engaged as music producer and songwriter in China’s first rock movie "Long Hair in the Wind", and as special freelancer for foreign music of Beijing Music Broadcasting. In 1995, the British music magazine the WIRE interviewed him.

paragraph: The band released their first album, "OVERLOAD", in 1996. Their CD, "Magic Blue Sky", was released in 1999, and their latest one, "Life is an adventure", came out in 2002.

paragraph: Section::::See also.

paragraph: BULLET::::- C-Rock/Sino-Rock

paragraph: BULLET::::- Cui Jian

paragraph: BULLET::::- Breath (Chinese rock band)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Overload (Chinese rock band)

paragraph: BULLET::::- Tang Dynasty (band)

description: Chinese singer

wikidata_label: Gao Qi

wikipedia_title: Gao Qi (musician)


text:
Hyksos
Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Avaris
Ahmose I
Second Intermediate Period
Turin canon
Gardiner
Jericho
Byblos
Kim Ryholt
Petrie Museum
Sharuhen
Negev Desert
Manfred Bietak
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
New Kingdom
Ahmose I
Sharuhen

paragraph: Khamudi

paragraph: Khamudi (also known as Khamudy) was the last Hyksos ruler of the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Khamudi came to power in 1534 BC or 1541 BC, ruling the northern portion of Egypt from his capital Avaris. His ultimate defeat at the hands of Ahmose I, after a short reign, marks the end of the Second Intermediate Period.

paragraph: Section::::Attestations.

paragraph: Khamudi is listed on the Turin canon, column 10, line 28 (Gardiner entry 10.20) as the last Hyksos king. Beyond this, only two scarab seals are firmly attributed to him, both from Jericho.

paragraph: Additionally, a cylinder seal of unknown provenance but possibly from Byblos is inscribed with a cartouche which may read "Khamudi". This reading is contested by the egyptologist Kim Ryholt who proposed that the cartouche reads "Kandy" instead and refers to an hitherto unknown king. In any case, even if the cartouche bears Khamudi's name, it is believed to have been inscribed on the seal simply to fill up space rather than as an explicit reference to Khamudi. The seal is currently housed in the Petrie Museum, catalog number UC 11616.

paragraph: Section::::Reign Length.

paragraph: Based on the scarcity of material dating to Khamudi's reign, Ryholt has proposed that his reign must have been short, amounting to no more than a year. In this situation, Khamudi would have inherited little more than the Hyksos throne, being possibly already besieged in Sharuhen, the last Hyksos stronghold in the Negev Desert.

paragraph: This is contested by other scholars, such as Manfred Bietak, who points to a "year 11" of an unknown king on the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. Bietak and many egyptologists believe that this year 11 belongs to Khamudi since the text of the papyrus refers to Ahmose I, founder of the Egyptian New Kingdom as "He of the South." As Thomas Schneider writes:

paragraph: Another date on the papyrus is explicitly dated to Year 33 of Khamudi's predecessor Apepi. It is generally believed that Ahmose I defeated the Hyksos king by his 18th or 19th regnal year. This is suggested by "a graffito in the quarry at Tura whereby 'oxen from Canaan' were used at the opening of the quarry in Ahmose's regnal year 22." Since the cattle could only have been brought after Ahmose's 3 to 6 years long siege of the South Canaanite town of Sharuhen which followed after the fall of Avaris, this means the reign of Khamudi must have terminated by Year 18 or 19 of Ahmose's 25-year reign at the very latest.

description: Egyptian pharaoh

wikidata_label: Khamudi

wikipedia_title: Khamudi


text:
Saffarid dynasty
Iran
whitesmith
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar
Herat
Fars
Ali ibn al-Layth
Bavandid
Rustam I
Mazandaran
Zaydi
Muhammad ibn Zayd
al-Mu'tadid
modus vivendi
Hugh N. Kennedy
Tahirids
Khurasan
Jibal
Ray
Isfahan
Rafi ibn Harthama
al-Mu'tadid
Dulafid
Ahmad ibn Abd al-Aziz
Khwarazm
Zaydi
Transoxiana
Samanids
Isma'il ibn Ahmad
Tahir
Kirman
al-Tabari
al-Muktafi
vizier
al-Qasim ibn Ubayd Allah

categories: 9th-century rulers in Asia,902 deaths,10th-century Iranian people,10th-century executions by the Abbasid Caliphate,Rulers of the Saffarid dynasty,Year of birth unknown,10th-century rulers in Asia,Executed heads of state,9th-century Iranian people

paragraph: Amr ibn al-Layth

paragraph: Amr ibn al-Layth or Amr-i Laith Saffari () was the second ruler of the Saffarid dynasty of Iran from 879 to 901. He was the son of a whitesmith and the younger brother of the dynasty's founder, Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar.

paragraph: Section::::Biography.

paragraph: Said to have started as a mule-driver and a mason, he later fought alongside his older brother and in 875 became governor of Herat. When Ya'qub died in Fars in 879, Amr managed to become the successor of the Saffarid throne over his brother Ali ibn al-Layth, who was the preferred choice of both Ya'qub and the army.

paragraph: In 884, the Bavandid ruler Rustam I, after being repelled from Mazandaran by the Zaydi ruler Muhammad ibn Zayd, arrived to the court of Amr, and requested his aid to reclaim the Bavand throne. With the aid of Amr, Rustam was allowed to return to his domains in Mazandaran.

paragraph: The Caliph al-Mu'tadid (r. 892–902) was forced to acknowledge the reality of the Saffarids' domination in the East, and reached a "modus vivendi" with them, perhaps hoping, according to Hugh N. Kennedy, to harness them in a partnership analogous to that which the Tahirids had enjoyed in previous decades. Consequently, the Saffarids were recognized in their possession of Khurasan and eastern Persia as well as Fars, while the Abbasids were to exercise direct control over Jibal, Ray and Isfahan.

paragraph: The Abbasid–Saffarid partnership in Iran was most clearly expressed against the intrepid general Rafi ibn Harthama, who had made his base in Ray and posed a threat to both caliphal and Saffarid interests in the region. The Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tadid sent the Dulafid Ahmad ibn Abd al-Aziz to seize Ray from Rafi, who fled and made common cause with the Zaydis of Tabaristan in an effort to conquer Khurasan from the Saffarids. With Amr mobilizing anti-Alid sentiment against him and the expected assistance from the Zaydis failing to materialize, Rafi was defeated and killed in Khwarazm in 896. Amr, at the pinnacle of his power, sent the defeated rebel's head to Baghdad. In 897 Ray too was handed over to the Saffarids by the Abbasids, who could not manage to hold over the city against Zaydi invasions.

paragraph: Section::::Death.

paragraph: The partnership finally collapsed after Mu'tadid appointed the Saffarid ruler Amr ibn al-Layth as governor of Transoxiana in 898, which was ruled by his rivals, the Samanids. Al-Mu'tamid encouraged Amr to confront the Samanids, but in the event, Amr was crushingly defeated and taken prisoner in 900. The Samanid ruler, Isma'il ibn Ahmad, sent him in chains to Baghdad, where he was executed in 902, after al-Mu'tadid's death. Al-Mu'tadid in turn conferred Amr's titles to Isma'il ibn Ahmad, but the Saffarid remnant under Tahir proved sufficiently resilient to thwart the caliphal attempts at regaining Fars and Kirman for several more years. It was not until 910 that the Abbasids managed to regain the coveted Fars province.

paragraph: According to the contemporary historian al-Tabari, at his deathbed, al-Mu'tadid had ordered one of his servants, Safi al-Hurami, to execute Amr. Safi, however, did not do it. When the new Caliph, al-Muktafi, entered Baghdad, he asked the vizier, al-Qasim ibn Ubayd Allah, of Amr's whereabouts, and was overjoyed to hear that he was still alive, as the Saffarid had been generous and kind to him in the past. Fearing that the Caliph might release him, on the same day or soon after (20 or 22 April 902), the vizier sent one of his agents secretly to kill him.

wikidata_label: Amr ibn al-Layth

wikipedia_title: Amr ibn al-Layth


text:
amir
Sistan
Saffarid
Ya'qub-i Laith Saffari
Amr bin Laith
Zarang
Abdallah ibn Ahmad
‘ayyars
al-Rukhkhaj
Bust
Samanid
Khurasan
Abbasid Caliphate
Kerman
Banu Ilyas
Nasr b. Ahmad
Rudaki
panegyric
Bukhara
Persian
Arabic
Abu Sulayman Muhammad al-Sijistani
Turkish
Nishapur
ghulams
Abu Ahmad Khalaf

categories: 10th-century murdered monarchs,Rulers of the Saffarid dynasty,906 births,10th-century rulers in Asia,963 deaths,Emirs of Sistan

paragraph: Ahmad ibn Muhammad

paragraph: Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad (June 21, 906 – March 31, 963) was the amir of Sistan from 923 until his death. He is responsible for restoring Saffarid rule over Sistan, and was a great patron of the arts.

paragraph: Section::::Ancestors.

paragraph: Abu Ja’far Ahmad's father was named Muhammad. Muhammad was very distantly related to the founder of the Saffarid amirate, Ya'qub-i Laith Saffari; his great-great-grandfather had been the brother of Ya’qub's great-grandfather. Muhammad shared a closer connection with Ya’qub's brother and successor Amr bin Laith, having married the latter's granddaughter.

paragraph: Section::::Life.

paragraph: Abu Ja’far Ahmad's rise to power began in May 923, when the people of Zarang proclaimed him amir. Sistan at that time was ruled by 'Abdallah ibn Ahmad, who was unpopular in Zarang due to his harsh taxes. Taking advantage of his ties to the Saffarids, Abu Ja’far Ahmad gained the support of the city ‘ayyars, who stopped an attempt by ‘Abdallah's son ‘Aziz to maintain control of the town. Abu Ja’far Ahmad's rule soon expanded outside Zarang; ‘Abdallah's representative in al-Rukhkhaj defected to him and the citizens of Bust threw their support behind the Saffarid as well. ‘Abdallah was defeated in battle by Abu Ja’far Ahmad's supporters, forcing him to make for Samanid Khurasan. He was captured, however, and brought back to Zarang in October 923. His capture ended his rule for good.

paragraph: Although ‘Abdallah was no longer a threat to Abu Ja’far Ahmad, his son ‘Aziz remained opposed to him. Some of Abu Ja’far Ahmad's supporters turned against him and threw their support behind ‘Aziz, forcing the Saffarid to march on Bust twice to subdue the rebels. ‘Aziz attempted to conquer Sistan but was defeated by a Saffarid army towards the end of 925. He fled to Khurasan, ending his attempt to take over Sistan.

paragraph: Having successfully defended against the rebels, Abu Ja’far Ahmad sought to expand his realm at the expense of the Abbasid Caliphate, which had been suffering a series of setbacks over the last several years. He therefore sent several of his officials to Kerman, a province which had formerly belonged to the Saffarids. Taxes were collected by the officials, who then returned to Sistan. Saffarid authority over Kerman was therefore only temporary; the Abbasids held a loose grip on the province for a few more years before the Banu Ilyas took over in 932.

paragraph: Abu Ja’far Ahmad continued to be preoccupied with unrest in Bust. He had to personally arrive at the town in 931 to deal with a rebellion, and another force was sent in the following year. Events in the neighboring Samanid amirate also contributed to the troubles. In 930 a plot to overthrow the Samanid amir Nasr b. Ahmad and replace him with his brothers failed. A few individuals involved in the plot arrived in Bust in 932 at the head of a contingent of troops and attacked the Saffarid governor there. Abu Ja’fa Ahmad was forced to arrive at the head of an army and defeat the fugitives. Because he was frequently needed in Bust and other parts of the eastern provinces, Abu Ja’far Ahmad often left Zarang in the hands of the three sons of one Tahir b. Asnam.

paragraph: After these initial troubles, Sistan and the outlying provinces calmed down for several years, making for a relatively peaceful period in Abu Ja’far Ahmad's reign. He was held in high regard by his neighbors; even the Samanids, the historical enemies of the Saffarids, were apparently friendly with him (in fact, the poet Rudaki praised the Saffarid's name in a panegyric at the Samanid court in Bukhara, see below). Other poets, both Persian and Arabic, also viewed the amir favorably. Many scholarly gatherings in Sistan were conducted, and were attended by leaders in the field such as Abu Sulayman Muhammad al-Sijistani and Nasafi.

paragraph: This peace was not to last, however. Different factions outside the capital soon came to violence against each other, forcing the dispatch of the army. From the 950s on there was continuing unrest in Sistan. In the meantime, the three sons of Tahir b. Asnam who sometimes governed in Abu Ja’far Ahmad's name when he was absent from Zarang fell from favor and were imprisoned. In their place, Abu’l-Fath, the commander of the army, took over many functions of the government. He eventually revolted, however, and gained a large degree of support from the people outside of Zarang. Abu’l-Fath was further supported by another Saffarid, Abu’l-‘Abbas b. Tahir, who, as a great-grandson of Amr b. Laith, could claim to be directly related to the original Saffarid amirs (in contrast, Ab Ja’far Ahmad could only claim descent from Amr on his mother's side).

paragraph: The pretender Abu’l-‘Abbas, together with Abu’l-Fath, advanced against Zarang. Abu Ja’far Ahmad met them in battle, and together with Turkish reinforcements from Bust, defeated the rebels. Abu’l-Fath fled to Nishapur, where he eventually died in the summer of 963.

paragraph: Abu’l-‘Abbas, on the other hand joined a plot with one of Abu Ja’far Ahmad's Turkish ghulams. Together, they killed Abu Ja’far Ahmad at a drinking party at the end of March 963 and plundered his treasury. The amir's son and heir, Abu Ahmad Khalaf, happened to outside of the capital the night of the murder and less than two months later managed to establish himself in Zarang.

paragraph: Section::::Sources.

paragraph: BULLET::::- Bosworth, C.E. "The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3)". Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994.

description: Amir

wikidata_label: Ahmad ibn Muhammad

wikipedia_title: Ahmad ibn Muhammad